Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) is a Ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. At present the headquarters of the ministry are still in Bonn with 3230 working in the Hardthöhe. The second office employs about 500 people in the Bendlerblock in Berlin.

Organisation
The BMVg is at the highest Federal authority and the highest command authority of the defence forces. The BMVg has civilian and military departments:
 the General staff (Führungsstab) of the defence forces, under the Inspector General of the Federal Armed Forces
 the top staffs of the 3 forces (Army, Navy and Air Force)
 the armaments department the department of defence administration, infrastructure and environmental protection
 the personel, social and central department
 the legal department
 the Budget department
 the department for modernisation.

Operatively the General Staff of the Defence Forces (or "FÜ S", which is short for ) is the most important, it has seven sections divided into 42 smaller sections
The press and information staff and the planning staff work directly under the minister

Federal Minister of Defence
In peace time the Federal Minister of Defence is commander in chief of the Armed Forces, not the Federal President.

If Germany is attacked, or about to be attacked, command passes to the Chancellor.

History 
In 1950 Chancellor Konrad Adenauer gave Theodor Blank the job of preparing for the time when Germany could have an army. In December 20 people where working in the "Blank Office". On 7 June 1955 it had 1300 employees, and it became the Federal Ministry for  Defence.

It was renamed in Federal Ministry of defence on December 1961 and was seen as one of the "classic departments" . At German reunification the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee) of East Germany was made part of the Federal Armed Forces. Not long after this, Germany's army took part in the war in Kosovo. This was the first time that Germany's army had been sent to fight outside Germany since the end of World War II
Federal Ministers of Defence since 1955

References
An angstrom or ångström (symbol Å) is a unit of length that equals 0.1 nanometer (nm). It can be written in scientific notation as 1×10−10 m (normalized notation) or  (exponential notation) — both mean . It is sometimes used to express the sizes of atoms, lengths of chemical bonds and visible-light spectra, and dimensions of parts of integrated circuits. For example, a single atom is about two ångströms wide, and a human hair is about a million ångströms thick.

History 
The ångström is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874), one of the founders of spectroscopy who is known also for studies of astrophysics, flow of heat, the earth's magnetic field, and the aurora borealis. 

In 1868, Ångström created a spectrum chart of solar radiation that expresses each wavelength in the spectrum of sunlight in multiples of one ten-millionth of a millimetre, or 1 metres. This unit of length later became known as the ångström, Å.
Human beings can see light having wavelengths ranging from about 4,000 ångströms (violet) to 7,000 ångströms (deep red), so the ångström was a convenient unit of measurement. Because of its closeness to the scale of atoms and molecules it was also popular in chemistry and crystallography.

Today, the use of the ångström as a unit is less popular than it used to be, and the nanometre (nm) is often used instead (The ångström is officially discouraged by the International Committee for Weights and Measures, and by the American National Standard for Metric Practice.)

References 

Units of length
Ångström or angstrom can also mean:
Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874), Swedish physicist
Ångström, a unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre
Ångström (crater), a lunar crater
Ångström distribution, a Linux distribution
Oberrüti is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Muri
Obersiggenthal is a municipality of the district of Baden, in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Baden District, Aargau
Oberwil-Lieli is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Bremgarten
Oeschgen is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Laufenburg
Oftringen is a city and municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities in Zofingen
The Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (English  :Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) is a trilogy, written by Isaac Newton and published on 5 July 1687. 

The three-book work describes physics and mathematics. It states Newton's laws of motion and the derivation of Kepler's Laws, and observations on gravity.

17th-century books
Mathematics books
Physics
1680s works
Prato is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Prato.

Prato's economy has been based upon the textile industry, since 1400.
Prato is also a centre of the slow food movement, with many other local specialities, including cantucci, a type of biscotti.

Since the late 1950s, the city has had a big amount of immigration, first from southern Italy, then other countries. Since the late 1980s a large Han community has settled in the city. With a population of more than 180,000 people, Prato is Tuscany's second largest city. It is the third largest in Central Italy, after Rome and Florence.

History 
In 1512, the city was attacked by the Spanish troops sent by Pope Julius II to capture the nearby city of Florence for the Medici family. The attack caused much damage to Prato. It led to the surrender of the Florentine Republic and control by the Medici family. The army killed 50,600 citizens of Prato in the streets.

Main monuments
Main monuments 

Prato is home to many museums and other cultural monuments. These include the Filippo Lippi frescoes in the Cathedral of Santo Stefano which has been restored in 2006. The Cathedral has an external pulpit by Donatello.

Palazzo Pretorio, the old town hall, was built at the end of the 13th century in red bricks. Sections in white brick were added later. In the 16th century an outside staircase and a clock were added. Also notable is the Palazzo Datini, the home of the merchant Francesco Datini built from 1383. It has decorations by Florentine artists like Agnolo Gaddi and Niccolò Gerini. In 1409, it housed Pope Alexander V and Louis of Anjou. The Palazzo degli Alberti (12th century) is home to an artgallery with works by Filippo Lippi (Prato Madonna), Giovanni Bellini (Crucifix with Jew Cemetery) and Caravaggio (The Crowning with Thorns).

Another major attraction of the city is the Centro per l'arte contemporanea Luigi Pecci, a museum and education centre concerned with contemporary arts.
Churches in Prato include:
 Santa Maria delle Carceri, wanted by Lorenzo de' Medici to Giuliano da Sangallo in 1484.*Sant'Agostino, built from 1440 over an existing edifice from 1271.
 San Domenico (begun in 1281), with a portal from 1310.
 San Francesco (1281-1331). It houses a notable funerary monument of Gemriniano Inghirami (died in 1460)
 San Fabiano, already existing in 1082. Houses rich of precious traces of a pavement mosaic dating from the 9th-11th centuries.

Prato is also the home of the Monash University a very nice centre for learning English.
Notable citizens 
 Nicolo Albertini, cardinal, in the 1200s
 Francesco Datini, merchant in the 1300s,
 Filippino Lippi, painter in the 1500s
 Lorenzo Bartolini, sculptor, 1777-1850
 Curzio Malaparte, writer, 1898-1957
 Fiorenzo Magni, cyclist, 1920-
 Roberto Benigni, actor and director (born near Arezzo but he used to live in Prato with the family.)
 Jury Chechi, gymnast, olympic gold medalist
 Domenico Zipoli, composer, 1688-1726
 Paolo Rossi, soccer player, World Champion, European Footballer of the Year and World Player of the Year in 1982
 Christian Vieri, soccer player

Sister cities 
 , Nam Dinh, from 1975
 , Albemarle County, from 1977
 , Roubaix, from 1981
 , Changzhou, from 1987
 , Ebensee, from 1987
 , Wangen im Allgäu, from 1988
 , Sarajevo, from 1997
  Bir Lehlu, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, from 1999
 , Pabianice, from 2001
 , Tomaszów Mazowiecki, from 1999
 , Harare

References

Other websites
 Culture in Prato  
 WELCOME to Prato, Food, art, history of the province of Prato
Cities in Tuscany
Capital cities in Italy
Settlements in Prato
Olsberg could mean:

Olsberg, Germany, a town in Sauerland, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Olsberg, Switzerland, a commune in Rheinfelden district in Aargau, Switzerland
Olsberg, France, a village in the département of Moselle
Olsberg is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Olsberg

Municipalities in Rheinfelden
Livorno is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy.

History 
Today, Livorno is known for the fortified town walls and for the small streets. Many foreigners moved to Livorno such as Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Dutch, and English. Some Moriscos (Muslim Spaniards forced to turn Catholic), much later, also moved to Livorno (from Spain and during the 18th century).

Main monuments 

Bridges, houses and streets, mostly from the neo-classical era are in the district of Livorno.

Examples 
The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ("Monument of the Four Turks"), dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici of Tuscany, is one of the most important monuments of Livorno.

Another important monument is the old fortress which has 3 bastions called “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” and “Canaviglia”. It was made before the Renaissance.

Culture 
Politically, Livorno is one of the most left-leaning cities of Italy. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921.
Economy 
Tuaca liqueur is produced in Livorno. The city also has a petrochemical industry.

Sport 
Livorno has a football team in Serie A, A.S. Livorno Calcio.

Languages 
Livorno inhabitants speak a Tuscan dialect of Italian, called vernacolo.

Climate 
Livorno has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Koeppen climate classification).

Sister cities 
  Bat Yam (Israel)
  Guadalajara (Spain)
  Haiphong (Vietnam)
  Novorossiysk (Russia)
  Oakland (United States of America)
Important people from Livorno 
 Mario Ancona (1860-1931), opera composer
 Leonetto Cappiello (1875-1942), painter
 Giorgio Caproni (1912-1990), poet
 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (born 1920), former President of the Republic of Italy
 Piero Ciampi (1934-1980), musician
 Giovanni Fattori (1825-1908), painter
 Voltolino Fontani (1920-1976), painter
 Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (1804-1873), writer and politician
 Cristiano Lucarelli (born 1975), football player
 Pietro Mascagni (1863-1945), opera composer
 Matteo Mazzantini (born 1976), rugby player
 Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920), painter and sculptor
 Aldo Montano (born 1978), fencer, Olympic gold medalist
 Alfredo Muller (1869-1940), artist
 Armando Picchi (1935-1971), football player and manager
 Dario Resta (1884-1924), Racecar driver, Indy 500 winner
 Angiolo Tommasi (1858-1923), artist
 Alberto Fremura (born 1936), artist
 Francis Levett English merchant

Other websites 

 Municipal website 
 ItalianVisits.com 
 Photographic map of Livorno
Arezzo is an old city in central Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Arezzo, in the region of Tuscany. Arezzo is about 80 km (50 mi) south-east of Florence. It is at an elevation of 296 m above sea level. In 2001 the population was about 91,600 people.

Geography 
Arezzo is placed on the floodplain of the Arno. In the upper part of the town are the cathedral and the squares.

History 
Arezzo may have been one of the twelve most important Etruscan cities, that was also called Dodecapolis. 
Conquered by the Romans in 311 BC, Arretium became a military station on the via Cassia, the road to expansion by republican Rome into the basin of the Po. In the 3rd to 4th century, Arezzo became an episcopal place: it is one of the few cities whose succession of bishops are known by name without interruption to the present day, in part because they were the feudal lords of the city in the Middle Ages.
Until 1384, Arezzo was an independent city-state, generally Ghibelline in tendency, thus opposing Guelph Florence. In 1252 the city founded its university, the Studium. Arezzo in 1384 was under  Florentine domination. During this period Piero della Francesca worked in the church of San Francesco di Arezzo producing the splendid frescoes.

In the 18th century the neighbouring marshes of the Val di Chiana, south of Arezzo, were drained and the region became less malarial. At the end of the century French troops led by Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Arezzo, but the city soon turned into the hands of the resistance against the invaders with the movement of "Viva Maria": this gained the city the role of provincial capital. In 1860 Arezzo became part of the Kingdom of Italy.

Squares
Squares 

The Piazza Grande is the most noteworthy medieval square in the city, it is currently the site of the Giostra del Saracino ("Joust of the Saracin").
 The Palace of the Lay Fraternity (Fraternita dei Laici): 14th-15th century palazzo, with a Gothic style.
 The Vasari Loggia.
 Episcopal Palace,
 Palazzo Cofani-Brizzolari, with the Torre Faggiolana.
Churches 
 the Gothic Cathedral of Saint Donatus (13th-early 16th centuries).
 Basilica of San Francesco (13th-14th centuries), in Tuscan-Gothic style.
 Romanesque church of Santa Maria della Pieve.
 Basilica of San Domenico (founded in 1275 and completed in the early 14th century).
 Church of San Michele,
 Santa Maria in Gradi is a medieval church from the 11th or the 12th century, but was rebuilt in the late 16th century by Bartolomeo Ammannati.
 Church of St. Augustine, founded in 1257,
 Badia di SS. Flora e Lucilla (12th century). Built by Benedictine monks in the 12th century, it was totally restored in the 16th century under the direction of Giorgio Vasari.
 San Lorenzo,
 Santa Maria delle Grazie, a late Gothic sanctuary with a Renaissance portal by Benedetto da Maiano (1490).
 Santa Maria a Gradi (1591), a monastery existing already in 1043.
 Church of Santissima Trinità. Built in 1348,
 Santa Maria Maddalena, built in 1561.
Pieve di San Paolo, in San Paolo, erected as Palaeo-Christian baptismal church,
 Pieve di Sant'Eugenia al Bagnoro,
 Pieve di San Donnino a Maiano, at Palazzo del Pero (6th-9th centuries).
Roman amphitheatre and museum.
 Palazzo dei Priori, erected in 1333, has been the seat of the city's magistratures until today. The edifice was numerous times restored and renovated; the interior has a court from the 16th century, a stone statue portraying a Madonna with Child (1339), frescoes, busts of illustrious Aretines, two paintings by Giorgio Vasari. The square tower is from 1337.
 Medici Fortress (Fortezza Medicea), designed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and completed in 1538-1560. It was partly dismantled by the French in the early 19th century.
 Palazzo Camaiani-Albergotti (14th century, renovated in the 16th century), with the Torre della Bigazza.
 Palazzo Bruni-Ciocchi, Renaissance edifice attributed to Bernardo Rossellino.
 Palazzo Pretorio.
 House of Petrarch (Casa del Petrarca).
 Casa Vasari (in Via XX Settembre) an older house rebuilt in 1547 by Giorgio Vasari
 Ivan Bruschi House and Museum (Casa-Museo "Ivan Bruschi").
 Gaio Cilnio Mecenate Archeological Museum.
Festivals 
 Arezzo is home to an annual international competition of International Guido d'Arezzo Polyphonic Contest
 Arezzo is home to an annual medieval festival called the Saracen Joust (Giostra del Saracino). In this, "knights" on horseback must attack,the "Saracen king" and score points according to accuracy.
 Arezzo is also home to an annual popular music and culture festival, in July, called Arezzo Wave.
Notable people from Arezzo 
 Guido d'Arezzo, the most notable music theorist of the Middle Ages and inventor of modern music notation, was born there around the year 991.
 Piero della Francesca, the painter, was born in the province of Arezzo and spent most of his life in the city.
 Petrarch, the poet.
 Giorgio Vasari, the painter, architect, and biographer.
 Francesco Redi, a 17th century physician.
 In addition, Poggio Bracciolini and Michelangelo were born near the town.
 Dylan and Cole Sprouse were born in Arezzo. They are actors on the Disney Channel Original series The Suite Life of Zack and Cody playing the lead roles of Zack and Cody Martin.
 Roberto Benigni, a great producer and actor born in Arezzo.

Sport clubs 
 Associazione Calcio Arezzo (A.C. Arezzo)
 Vasari Rugby Arezzo
 Club sommozzatori Calypso - Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee - Sez. Terr. Arezzo (diving)
Twin cities 
  Bedford, United Kingdom
  Montenars, Italy, since 1977
  Saint-Priest, France, since 1981
  Eger, Hungary, since 1989

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 Informations about Arezzo and province 

Cities in Tuscany
Capital cities in Italy
Settlements in Arezzo
Police is a town in Poland in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of 2007, 34,220 people live there.  The town is located on the river Oder, near the border with Germany. It is one of the largest sea ports in Poland. Police borders with Szczecin. In the Police area, there is another town called Nowe Warpno. 

Cities in West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Nowe Warpno is a town in Poland in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of 2004, 1,214 people live there. The town is located on the Szczecin Lagoon, at the border with Germany. In the area of Nowe Warpno there are Police, Poland, Świnoujście, Szczecin, Eggesin and Ueckermünde.

Towns in West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizière (born 21 January 1954 in Bonn) was the Minister for Special Affairs in the German government and Head of the Federal Chancellery. On 3 March 2011, because of Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg's resignation, de Maizière became Federal Minister for Defence.

His father was Ulrich de Maizière, who was Inspector General of the Bundeswehr. The senior officer in all German Armed Forces. In the UK, he would be Chief of the Defence Staff and in the US, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Karl's cousin Lothar de Maizière was the only democratically elected Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic.

References

1954 births
Living people
German academics
Government ministers of Germany
Members of the German Bundestag
People from Bonn
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
The Szczecin Lagoon (Polish name) or Stettin Lagoon (German name) or Lagoon of the Oder River is an inland water basin found in the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea. It is shared by Germany and Poland. These are the towns that can be found at the Szczecin Lagoon: Świnoujście, Ueckermünde, Wolin (town) and Nowe Warpno.

Towns, ports and beaches of Szczecin Lagoon

Poland 
 Towns:
 Nowe Warpno
 Świnoujście
 Wolin
 Trzebież
 Brzózki
 Kopice
 Czarnocin
 Skoszewo
 Płocin
 Sułomino
 Popielewo
 Ports:
 Trzebież
 Stepnica
 Nowe Warpno
 Wolin
 Beaches:
 Trzebież
 Popielewo
 Nowe Warpno
 Stepnica

Germany 
 Towns:
 Ueckermünde
 Usedom
 Altwarp
 Vogelsang-Warsin
 Garz (Uznam)
 Kamminke

Other websites

Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Geography of Poland
Lagoons
Othmarsingen is a municipality in Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lenzburg
Reinach could mean:

Reinach, Aargau (Reinach AG), a municipality in Switzerland
Reinach, Basel-Country (Reinach BL), a municipality in Switzerland

A surname:

 Adolf Reinach
 Joseph Reinach
 Salomon Reinach
 Theodore Reinach
Reinach is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Kulm
Reitnau is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipality of Attelwil merged into the municipality of Reitnau.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Zofingen
In volcanology, a lava dome or plug dome is a round-shaped mound created by the eruption of viscous lava by a volcano.

Lava domes are formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent. Lava domes have formed in Mount St. Helens and experts say a lava dome is growing inside the Shinmoedake volcano in Japan.

Volcanology
Rekingen is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Zurzach
A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the Earth's interior are thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, dust, and gas compounds are some of these "ejecta".

It is worth remembering that the Earth below its solid cruse is still very hot, even after its long existence (over 4,000 million years). 

Eruptions can come from side branches or from the top of the volcano. Some eruptions are terrible explosions that throw out huge amounts of rock and volcanic ash and can kill many people. Some are quiet outflows of hot lava. Several more complex types of volcanic eruptions have been described by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of eruption has been seen. Some volcanoes may show only one type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may show a range of types in a series.
Volcanic Explosivity Index 
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (commonly shortened VEI) is a scale, from 0 to 8, for measuring the strength of eruptions. It is used by the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program to assess historic and prehistoric lava flows. It works in a way similar to the Richter scale for earthquakes: each interval in value is a tenfold increase in magnitude (it is logarithmic). Most volcanic eruptions are of VEIs between 0 and 2.

Volcanic eruptions by VEI index

Related pages 
 Volcanism
 Volcano
Remetschwil is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Baden District, Aargau
Remigen is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Brugg
The Gifford Pinchot National Forest is a United States National Forest in Washington, USA. It has  of land. The forest includes the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, which takes up  of the property.

Forests of the United States
IUCN Category VI
Geography of Washington (state)
Rietheim is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Zurzach
The Cascade Range is a mountain range in western North America. It goes from Northern California, through Oregon and Washington, and ends in British Columbia, Canada. The range includes the Western Cascades in northern California and the North and Canadian Cascades in Washington State and Canada. 

 in the Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire, the ring of volcanoes and associated mountains around the Pacific Ocean. Volcanos in the range include Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Shasta. The Cascades are part of the "American Cordillera", the almost continuous spine of mountains which runs right down the western side of the Americas.

The highest mountain in the cascades is Mount Rainier at 14,411 feet or 4,392 metres.

Geology 

The Cascade range was formed by thousands of small, short-lived volcanoes that built a platform of lava and volcanic debris. Rising above this volcanic platform are a few strikingly large volcanoes, like Mount St. Helens, that dominate the landscape.
As the oceanic slab sinks deep into the Earth's interior beneath the continental plate, high temperatures and pressures allow water molecules locked in the minerals of solid rock to escape. The water vapor rises into the pliable mantle above the subducting plate, causing some of the mantle to melt. This newly formed magma rises toward the Earth's surface to erupt, forming a chain of volcanoes.

References

Other websites

Mountains of Canada
Geography of Washington (state)
Geography of Oregon
Mountains of California
Mountain ranges of the United States
Volcanoes of North America
Riniken is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Brugg
Rohr could mean any of the following:

Places

Austria
Rohr im Gebirge, in Lower Austria
Rohr im Kremstal, in Upper Austria

France
Rohr, in the Bas-Rhin département, Alsace region

Germany
Rohr, Thuringia, in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, Thuringia
Rohr, Middle Franconia, in the Roth district, Bavaria
Rohr in Niederbayern, in the Kelheim district, Bavaria
A part of Plattling in the Deggendorf district, Bavaria
A part of Waltenhofen in the Oberallgäu district, Bavaria
A part of Blankenheim in the Euskirchen district, North Rhine-Westphalia
A part of Freystadt in the Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz district, Bavaria
A part of Rohrbach in the Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm district, Bavaria
A part of Eurasburg in the Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district, Bavaria
A part of Neudrossenfeld in the Kulmbach  district, Bavaria
A part of Weilheim in the Waldshut district, Baden-Württemberg
A part of Günzach in the Ostallgäu, Bavaria
A part of Stuttgart-Vaihgingen, in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
Switzerland
Rohr, in the Canton of Aargau
Rohr, in the Canton of Solothurn

People
Adam L. Rohr (1976- ) 
Heinrich Rohr (1902-1997) composer
Franz Freiherr Rohr von Denta (1854-1927), last commander of the Austro-Hungarian First Army
Tony Rohr Disc Jockey
Ignaz Rohr (1866-1944) Catholic theologian
Otto van Rohr (1914-1982) composer
Richard Rohr (1943- ) Franciscan priest
Rohr was a municipality of the district of Aarau in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Since 2009 Rohr is a part of the city of Aarau.

Former municipalities of Aargau
Aarau
Rothrist is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Zofingen
Rottenschwil is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Muri
Rudolfstetten-Friedlisberg is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Bremgarten
Rüfenach is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Brugg
Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, best known as just Coachella, is an annual three-day music festival held in Indio, California. It has taken place every year since the first year in 1999, except in the year 2000. It has had artists ranging from Rage Against the Machine to Nickel Creek. The 2014 festival will have 184 artists.

References

Music festivals in the United States
Music in California
1999 establishments in California
Rümikon is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Zurzach
Welwel is an oasis in Ethiopia, near Somalia. It used to be called Walwal.  Walwal was where a border dispute happened with Italy.  Mussolini used the dispute as an excuse to start a war against Ethiopia.

Geography of Ethiopia
Discography 
 Icky Mettle (1993)
 Vee Vee (1995)
 All the Nations Airports (1996)
 White Trash Heroes (1998)

American rock bands
Indie bands
Musical groups from North Carolina
The Arctic Cordillera is a mountain range running along the northeastern coast of North America from Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. It is the only major mountain range in Canada east of the Rocky Mountains. The range has a surface area of . Its highest point is  at Barbeau Peak.

Further reading

 Chernoff, M. N., H. R. Hovdebo, and J. Stuart-Smith. Eastern Canadian Cordillera and Arctic Islands An Aerial Reconnaissance. Ottawa: 24th International Geological Congress, 1972.
 Geological Survey of Canada. Cordillera and Pacific Margin Interior Plains and Arctic Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Current Research, 1998-A. 1998.
 Hall, John K. Arctic Ocean Geophysical Studies The Alpha Cordillera and Mendeleyev Ridge. Palisades, N.Y.: Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University, 1970.
 Walker, Edward R. A Synoptic Climatology for Parts of the Western Cordillera. Montreal: McGill University, 1961.

Mountains of Canada
Fort Banks (also known as the Eastern Command Fixed Defences), is an old World War II fort that was used to protect the entrance to Botany Bay. The fort is located north of Cape Banks in La Perouse, New South Wales Australia.

History
Just before WWII, a small section of land on the Cape Banks Headland that was owned by the New South Wales Golf Club was used by the Australian Army to build a fort. The fort was made so that it could protect Sydney from an attack by a foreign navy ship. The fort had two BL 9.2 inch Mark 10 cannons that were put into concrete gun emplacements (pictured) and barracks that were finished just before the start of WWII. During WWII the Henry Head Battery was also reopened and had two BL 6 inch cannons.

References

Buildings and structures in New South Wales
History of Australia
Banks
Rupperswil is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lenzburg
Safenwil is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Zofingen
Sarmenstorf is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

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Municipalities in Bremgarten
Schafisheim is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

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Municipalities in Lenzburg
Scherz was a municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Scherz merged into the municipality of Lupfig.

References

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Former municipalities of Aargau
Schinznach-Bad was a municipality in Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, Schinznach-Bad became part of Brugg.

References

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Former municipalities of Aargau
Spa towns in Switzerland
Schinznach-Dorf was a municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Schinznach-Dorf and Oberflachs merged into the new municipality of Schinznach.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Aargau
Schlossrued is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Kulm
Schmiedrued is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Kulm
Schneisingen is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

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Municipalities in Zurzach
Schöftland is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Kulm
Schupfart is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

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Municipalities in Rheinfelden
Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia is one of at least four genera within the flowering plant family Asteraceae whose members are commonly known as coneflowers.
Blackeyed Susan is a common Missouri native wildflower which typically occurs in open woods, prairies, fields, roadsides and waste areas throughout the State.

The name was given by Carolus Linneaus in honor of his teacher at Uppsala University, Professor Olof Rudbeck the Younger (1660-1740), and his father, Professor Olof Rudbeck the Elder (1630-1702), both of whom were botanists.

Other websites

http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=A109
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RUHI2

Asteraceae
Plants of North America
Schwaderloch is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Laufenburg
Seengen is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

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Municipalities in Lenzburg
Seon is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

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Municipalities in Lenzburg
Siglistorf is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

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Municipalities in Zurzach
Lenzburg is a town in Switzerland.  The term may also refer to:

Switzerland
Lenzburg (district), a district of the Canton of Aargau, of which Lenzburg is the capital
Schloss Lenzburg, a castle above the town of Lenzburg
Regionalbus Lenzburg AG, a local bus company

United States
Lenzburg, Illinois
Lenzburg Township, St. Clair County, Illinois
Lenzburg  is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It is the capital city of the district. The town was founded in the Middle Ages. It is in the Seetal valley, about  south of the Aare delta. Lenzburg and the municipalities of Niederlenz and Staufen have merged over time. The city name refers to the name of the castle which can be translated as spring castle.

As of 31 December 2010, Lenzburg about 8,341 people lived in Lenzburg.  Lenzburg is about  west of Zürich. Many people living in Lenzburg go to Zürich to work.

Geography 

The district of  in area is in a valley between two ranges of minor limestone mountains which rise about  above the otherwise flat valley. The two major mountains are Während der Schlossberg at  above sea-level with a diameter of only , and the nearby Goffersberg at  above sea-level which is only  long and has a broad plateau  wide. Lenzburg grew together with the nearby communities into a regional area
Nearby municipalities are Rupperswil in the northwest, Niederlenz and Möriken Wildegg in the north; Othmarsingen in the northeast, Hendschiken in the east, Ammerswil in the southeast, Egliswil the south, Seon in the southwest as well as Staufen in the west.

History 

The area has a long history. A neolithic cemetery with 16 chambered tombs built about 3,800 years ago was found near the castle in 1959.
In the 5th and 6th centuries, an Alamanni village existed. The oldest registered usage of the name Lencis (from which Lenzburg derives) is from 893. In 1036, Castle Lenzburg became the seat for the count of Lenzburg, then an important lord. The family died out in 1173, and the castle was then owned by emperor Frederick Barbarossa. After this, it was mainly used by the Kyburger house. The Habsburgs took over the castle in 1273.

City rights were granted in 1306. Lenzburg was conquered by Bern in 1415, along with the western part of what is now Aargau. Bern did not take away its city rights. In 1433, the city of Bern bought the castle and used it to govern the area from 1444 to 1798. A major fire ruined the town in 1491. Only fifteen houses were not destroyed. The reformation was carried out at the same time with the rest of the region in 1528. The economy started to move slowly from a farming economy to a more industrial one in the 16th century. A textile factory was founded in 1732.
In 1798, the Helvetian Republic was made and the lords from Bern were removed. The canton of Aargau was founded and Lenzburg became the capital of the district in 1803. The canton gained the castle in 1804. Lenzburg became the economic center of the area in the 19th century. In 1875, Lenzburg was added to the railway system. Competition for trade became too much and Lenzburg became bankrupt only one year later. The town recovered from bankruptcy during the next 10 years.

In 1886, the German playwright, Frank Wedekind lived in the castle which his father had bought. It was sold in 1892 to August Edward Jessup from Philadelphia who spent a lot of money restoring the castle. He sold it to a Chicago banker, James W. Ellsworth in 1911. Ellsworth's son, Lincoln Ellsworth and Roald Amundsen used the castle to plan their polar explorations in the 1920s.

Places of interest
The main place to see in the town is the Lenzburg castle. It was built in the 11th century and has been added onto several times. Lenzburg is among the oldest and most important high-castles in Switzerland. Some of the city wall has been kept and is now under protection. Some interesting buildings are in the old part of town. These include:
 Town church, built 1667
 Old Burghalde, built in 1628
 New Burghalde, built in 1794
 A library
 The Museum Burghalde
 Roman theatre, from the 1st century A.D.
 Aquatinta

Economics 

Lenzburg is an important economic centre. It contains over 800 companies. Most of the businesses are small to medium sized, but some worldwide companies are established in Lenzburg, for example the global Asea Brown Boveri (ABB). About 6,000 people work in Lenzburg.

Transportation
Transportation 

Lenzburg is a good place for transportation. It is about  from Zürich with access to the A1, Switzerland's most important motorway. Two main axes of traffic cross in Lenzburg, one running from Waldshut to Lucerne and the other running from Zurich to Berne.

Some of the trains from Zurich to Berne stop in Lenzburg. Lenzburg is part of the Suburban rail system of Zurich. Other trains connect the city to Brugg, Lucerne, Zofingen and Zug. The line to Wettingen was closed, because of low traffic. The trains were replaced by a commuter line from Zurich (which runs to Aarau).

Zürich International Airport is close to the town of Lenzburg.  The local bus Regionalbus Lenzburg leads to the municipalities of Brunegg, Dintikon, Möriken-Wildegg, Schafisheim and Seengen. Lenzburg has an urban bus system as well.

Events
Events 

For over 400 years, the youth celebration (Jugendfest) is the largest event in Lenzburg. It takes place every year on the second Friday of July.  In August, the Gauklerfestival takes place in the streets of the old part of town with food and entertainment on the streets of the city.

References

General 
 Home page of the city of Lenzburg 
 -  History of Lenzburg.
 -  History of Castle Lenzburg

Specific

Other websites 

 
 
 

Municipalities in Lenzburg
Cities in Switzerland
The Aurora (supposedly called the SR-91 Aurora) is a possible surveillance aircraft. No one knows if it ever existed. Supposedly, it was meant for trying out hypersonic flight, or speeds above 5 times the speed of sound. The name "Aurora" was used for the aircraft because in 1985, it appeared on an American military funding list. It might have been to replace the SR-71 Blackbird.

Aurora sightings 

In 1989, a man named Chris Gibson was working on an oil rig when he saw a KC-135 Stratotanker, two F-111 Aardvarks, and a triangle-shaped craft refueling. He did not know what it was. During 1991 in Southern California, there were a lot of sonic booms being heard. There was also a pulse coming out of the engine. The most recent sighting was in 2006.

Related pages
Unidentified flying object

References 

Individual aircraft
The Oprah Winfrey Show was an American talk show which had Oprah Winfrey as the host. It began on September 8, 1986, and has since become one of the most famous talk shows in the world. The show ended on May 25, 2011 after 25 seasons. It won 47 Daytime Emmy Awards.

Guests 
Notable guests on her show were:
 Gayle King – Oprah's friend (140 appearances)
 Celine Dion – Singer (27 appearances)
 Tom Cruise – Actor, known for jumping in the show's couch. He also appeared in the show's last episode.
 Nelson Mandela – President of South Africa.

References 

1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Rheinfelden is a city and municipality of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden.  It is  east of Basel.  The name means the fields of the Rhine, as the town is on the Hochrhein.  It is home to Feldschlösschen, the most popular beer in Switzerland. The city is across the river from Rheinfelden in Baden-Württemberg; the two cities were joined until Napoleon Bonaparte fixed the German–Swiss border on the Rhine in 1802 and are still socially and economically tied.

Geography 
The old town of Rheinfelden is on the Rhine river. The Rhine can be traveled down by ship from Rheinfelden all the way to the North Sea.
History 
The area around Rheinfelden was already settled about 10,000 years ago. At that time, people lived in the "Hermitage", a small natural cave next to the current highway. In the year 45 BC, a few kilometers west, the village Augusta Raurica was made, the first Roman town in Switzerland, near modern Kaiseraugst.  Towards the end of the 4th century, a fort was built at the western settlement.
By the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Austrians had built a fortress on the island to secure the southwestern border of the Breisgau. In 1678, French troops sent by François de Créquy fired at the city. In 1745, during the War of the Austrian Succession, the French made a fortress on the same ground and also ruined part of the city wall.  On 17 July 1796, Rheinfelden was again occupied and looted by the French.
Because of the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, the Fricktal became a protectorate of the French, making the front line between the French Revolutionary and the Austrian troops in the War of the Second Coalition.  On 20 February 1802, Rheinfelden was made the capital city of the new Canton of Fricktal, joining the Helvetic Republic in August, the point at which the city became mostly Swiss. The seat of the cantonal government was here instead of in Laufenburg. With the beginning of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (the German Mediatisation), Napoleon Bonaparte removed the canton of Fricktal. Since 19 March 1803, Rheinfelden has been the capital of the district of the same name, in the canton of Aargau.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Feldschlösschen brewery

Municipalities in Rheinfelden
Cities in Switzerland
The Klickitat (also spelled Klikitat) are a Native American tribe of the Pacific Northwest.  A Shahaptian tribe, their neighbors to the east were the Yakama, who speak a closely related language. Their neighbors to the west are the Salishan and Chinookan tribes.  Their name has been used for naming places like Klickitat County, Washington, Klickitat, Washington, and the Klickitat River, a tributary of the Columbia River.  

Native Americans
Arzo was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 5 April 2009, the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

References

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Former municipalities of Ticino
Ascona is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

Der Monte Verità in Ascona 
Der "Heilige Berg" Monte Verità 
Museo comunale d’arte moderna Ascona  
www.ascona.ch
www.maggiore.ch 
New Orleans Jazz Festival

Municipalities in the district of Locarno
Cities in Switzerland
Astano is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Astano 

Municipalities in Lugano
Lugano is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Circles and municipalities
The district of Lugano has 98 municipalities divided in 12 circles:
 Circle of Lugano: Lugano, Aldesago, Brè, Castagnola, Gandria;
 Circle of the Ceresio: Maroggia, Rovio, Arogno, Melano, Bissone;
 Circle of Carona: Paradiso, Carona, Melide, Morcote, Vico Morcote, Carabietta, Grancia, Agra, Gentilino, Montagnola, Barbengo, Carabbia;
 Circle of Magliasina: Caslano, Pura, Ponte Tresa, Curio, Neggio, Magliaso;
 Circle of Pregassona: Pregassona, Cureggia, Davesco, Noranco, Pambio, Pazzallo, Soragno, Viganello;
 Circle of Agno: Agno, Biogno, Bosco Luganese, Cimo, Iseo, Muzzano, Cademario, Vernate;
 Circle of Sessa: Sessa, Astano, Bedigliora, Biogno-Beride, Croglio-Castelrotto, Monteggio;
 Circle of Sonvico: Sonvico, Certara, Bogno, Colla, Insone, Scareglia, Signôra, Piandera, Cadro, Villa Luganese;
 Circle of Vezia: Vezia, Cureglia, Cadempino, Lamone, Comano, Sorengo, Massagno, Savosa, Porza, Canobbio;
 Circle of Breno: Breno, Arosio, Fescoggia, Mugena, Vezio, Novaggio, Miglieglia, Aranno;
Circle of Taverne: Torricella-Taverne, Rivera, Bironico, Camignolo, Mezzovico-Vira, Sigirino, Bedano, Gravesano, Manno;
 Circle of Tesserete: Tesserete, Cagiallo, Campestro, Sala Capriasca, Lopagno, Roveredo Capriasca, Vaglio, Bidogno, Corticiasca, Lugaggia, Ponte Capriasca, Origlio;
 Circle of Riva San Vitale: Riva San Vitale, Meride, Arzo, Besazio, Tremona, Rancate, Capolago.
Locarno is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Circles and municipalities 
The district of Locarno has 40 municipalities divided in 7 circles:
 circles of Locarno: Locarno, Orselina, Tegna, Verscio, Cavigliano;
 circles of the Isole: Ascona, Brissago, Ronco sopra Ascona;
 circles of Onsernone: Comologno, Auressio, Berzona, Crana, Loco, Mosogno, Russo, Vergeletto;
 circles of the Gambarogno: Magadino, Casenzano, Caviano, Contone, Gerra (Gambarogno), Indemini, Piazzogna, , Sant'Abbondio, Vairano, Vira (Gambarogno);
 circles of Melezza: Borgnone, Intragna, Palagnedra, Losone;
 circles of Navegna: Tenero-Contra, Minusio, Mergoscia, Brione sopra Minusio, Gordola, Cugnasco;
 circles of Verzasca: Lavertezzo, Vogorno, Corippo, Brione-Gerra, Frasco, Sonogno.

Locarno District
Vallemaggia is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Cevio.

Circles and municipalities 
 circle of Rovana: Cevio, Linescio, Cerentino, Campo (Vallemaggia), Bosco Gurin;
 circle of Maggia: Maggia, Avegno, Gordevio;
 circle of Lavizzara: Lavizzara.

Vallemaggia District
Bellinzona is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Circles and municipalities 
 circle of Bellinzona: Bellinzona, Arbedo-Castione, Lumino;
 circle of the Ticino: Monte Carasso, Gudo, Sementina, Gorduno, Gnosca, Preonzo, Moleno;
 circle of Giubiasco: Giubiasco, Pianezzo, Sant'Antonio, Camorino, Sant'Antonino, Cadenazzo, Medeglia, Isone.

Bellinzona District
Riviera is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Biasca.

Circles and municipalities 
 Circle of Riviera: Osogna, Biasca, Cresciano, Claro, Iragna, Lodrino.
Blenio is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Acquarossa.

Circles and municipalities 
 Circle of Malvaglia: Malvaglia, Semione, Ludiano;
 Circle of di Acquarossa: Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Grumo, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Ponto Valentino, Prugiasco, Torre;
 Circle of Olivone: Aquila, Bottino, Campo (Blenio), Ghirone, Olivone.

Blenio District
Leventina is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Faido.

Circles and municipalities 

Leventina District
The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis is a linguistic idea which claims that the language people speak changes the way they think and act.

References

Linguistics
An icosahedron is a polyhedron (a three dimensional shape) that is made of triangles and has twenty sides.

There are many kinds of icosahedra, with some being more symmetrical than others. The best known is the regular icosahedron, a Platonic solid made of equilateral triangles.

Regular icosahedra

There are two objects, one convex and one concave, that can both be called regular icosahedra. Each has 30 edges and 20 equilateral triangle faces with five meeting at each of its twelve vertices. Both have the same symmetry so that their vertices are at similar places. The term "regular icosahedron" usually refers to the convex icosahedron, while the nonconvex form is called a great icosahedron.

Convex regular icosahedron
The convex regular icosahedron is usually simply called the regular icosahedron. It is one of the five regular Platonic solids, and it is represented by its Schläfli symbol {3, 5}, containing 20 triangular faces, with 5 faces meeting around each vertex.