Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Louise Leakey (born 21 March 1972) is a Kenyan paleontologist. She does research and field work on human fossils in East Africa.

Louise started finding fossils in 1977. She was six years old. She is the youngest person to find hominid fossils. In 1993, she replaced her father Richard Leakey as field expedition leader for Turkana paleontological expeditions in one of the most arid and hostile environments on Earth.

Today, together with her mother, Meave Leakey, she leads the Koobi Fora research project. The project has found some of the most important hominid fossils of the past two decades. The most recent is Kenyanthropus platyops.

Louise Leakey was born in Kenya in 1972, the same year as her grandfather Louis Leakey died. She  married Emmanuel de Merode, a Belgian primatologist in 2003. They have two daughters: Seiya, born in 2004, and Alexia born in 2006.

Family tree

Related pages
 List of Kenyan scientists

References
References

Other websites
 Koobi Fora Research Project
 Leakey Foundation 
 TED Talks: Louise Leakey digs for humanity's origins at TED in 2008

1972 births
Kenyan scientists
Living people
British anthropologists
British palaeontologists
Leakey family
Anthropologists
Furikake  is a type of condiment that has a mixture of dried and ground fish, sesame seeds, chopped seaweed, sugar, salt, and monosodium glutamate. It is popular in Japan and is usually put on rice. Furikake has around 6 calories.

References

Condiments
My Darkest Days is a Canadian rock band from Norwood, Ontario. My Darkest Days has five members in the band; the current band members are Matt Walst, Sal Costa, Brendan McMillan, Doug Oliver and Reid Henry.

The band was formed in 2006 by lead singer Matt Walst. They released their self-titled debut album "My Darkest Days" on September 21, 2010. They are currently signed to 604 Records. They released their second studio album "Sick and Twisted Affair" on March 26, 2012.

Band members 

Current
Matt Walst – lead vocals, rhythm guitar 
Sal Costa – lead guitar, vocals 
Brendan McMillan – bass guitar 
Doug Oliver – drums, percussion 
Reid Henry – keyboards 

Former
Paulo Neta – lead guitar
Chris MacMillan - lead guitar

Discography

Albums
So far as of 2012, My Darkest Days have released 2 Studio album:
My Darkest Days (2010)
Sick and Twisted Affair (2012)

Singles
Porn Star Dancing (2010) (featuring Zakk Wylde & Chad Kroeger)
Move Your Body (2011)
Every Lie (2011)
Casual Sex (2012)
Sick and Twisted Affair (2012)
Other websites 
My Darkest Days' Official website

2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian rock bands
Canadian hard rock bands
Post-grunge bands
2005 establishments in Canada
Betty Marion White (January 17, 1922 – December 31, 2021) was an American actress, comedian, presenter, singer, author, and television personality. She acted as Sue Ann Nivens in The Mary Tyler Moore Show and as Rose Nylund in the television sitcom The Golden Girls. She also starred as Elka Ostrovsky, in the TV Land comedy Hot in Cleveland.

White won seven Emmy Awards during her career. In 1983, she became the first woman to win a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host. White also holds the record for longest span between Emmy nominations for performances—her first was in 1951 and her most recent was in 2012, a span of 61 years—and became the oldest nominee as of 2013, aged 91. The actress is also the oldest winner of a competitive Grammy Award, which she won in 2012. She was host for the NBC entry Just Men!.
In 2011 White began hosting a new program, Betty White's Off Their Rockers. In the program senior citizens play practical jokes on the younger generation. A special Betty White's 90th Birthday Party was on NBC a day before the star's birthday on January 16, 2012. The show had appearances of many stars with whom White has worked over the years.

Early life
White was born in Oak Park, Illinois. She was of Greek, English, Welsh and Danish ancestry. She was an only child of Horace White, a lighting company executive, and her mother was a homemaker. White's family moved to Los Angeles, California during the Great Depression. She attended Horace Mann School Beverly Hills and Beverly Hills High School. She hosted the February 10, 2014 episode of Raw.

Personal life

In 1945, White married Dick Barker, a U.S. Army Air Corps pilot. The marriage was short-lived. In 1947, she married Lane Allen, a Hollywood agent. This marriage ended in divorce in 1949.
On June 14, 1963, White married television host and personality Allen Ludden (1917-1981). They met on his game show Password when she was a celebrity guest panelist in 1961.

Allen Ludden died from stomach cancer on June 9, 1981, in Los Angeles. They had no children together, though she is stepmother to his three children from his first marriage. White did not remarry after Ludden's death.

White was a practicing member of the Unity Church. She was also a registered Democrat. She endorsed President Barack Obama in 2012 saying she "likes how he represents us".

Death
White died at her home in Los Angeles, California on December 31, 2021, at the age of 99. She died 17 days before her 100th birthday. The cause of death was problems caused by a stroke she had six days before her death.

Awards

White was added to the Television Hall of Fame in 1995. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6747 Hollywood Boulevard alongside the star of her late husband Allen Ludden.
In 2010, the Screen Actors Guild honoured White with the Life Achievement Award. In 2010 she was chosen as the Associated Press's Entertainer of the Year.

References

Other websites

 

1922 births
2021 deaths
American animal rights activists
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from Illinois
Democrats (United States)
Emmy Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Writers from Oak Park, Illinois
Television personalities from Illinois
Actors from Oak Park, Illinois
Deaths from stroke
Homefront is a first-person shooter video game made by Kaos Studios for Windows and the Xbox 360 and Digital Extremes for the PC.

The game is set in the future America in the year 2027 and is about the nuclear-armed Korean People's Army (of North Korea) who invade the USA.  The game's main character can either fight the Koreans in the main game or the Americans in the multiplayer game.

There has been controversy over the game's release in Japan where they censored the game by removing all the references to North Korea which included pictures of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il because they thought that to "use their real names would have been 'malicious' {evil} to an 'existing person' and an 'existing country.'". The game has also been banned from all types of sales in South Korea.

References

Other websites
Homefront's Official website

PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Windows games
2011 video games
Shooter video games
THQ games
Robert Remus (born March 27, 1948, in Parris Island, South Carolina) better known by his ring name, Sgt. Slaughter, is a retired American professional wrestler that is best known for wrestling for WWF/E under the ring name Sgt. Slaughter.

He is a one-time WWF Champion and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2004 by Pat Patterson.

His finishing move was the Camel clutch and then the Cobra clutch.

Other websites
Sgt. Slaughter's Official website
Sgt. Slaughter's WWE Hall of Fame profile at WWE.com

1948 births
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from South Carolina
WWE Hall of Fame
Pretty Woman is a 1990 American romantic comedy movie set in Los Angeles. It stars Julia Roberts as a street prostitute and Richard Gere as a rich businessman. It became one of the highest-grossing movies of 1990. Roberts won a Golden Globe Award for her performance.

Other websites 

1990 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
1990s English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies directed by Garry Marshall
Movies set in hotels
Movies composed by James Newton Howard
Movies adapted into plays
Darko Miličić (born June 20, 1985 in Novi Sad, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is an Serbian basketball player that currently plays for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 2nd overall pick in the 1st round of the 2003 NBA Draft. He also played for the Detroit Pistons from 2003 to 2006, Orlando Magic from 2006 to 2007, Memphis Grizzlies from 2007 to 2009 and the New York Knicks from 2009 to 2010. He was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves along with cash considerations for Brian Cardinal from the Knicks.

Other websites
Darko Miličić's NBA player profile

1985 births
Living people
Serbian basketball players
Detroit Pistons players
Orlando Magic players
Memphis Grizzlies players
Minnesota Timberwolves players
New York Knicks players
Barbara Jill Walters (September 25, 1929 – December 30, 2022) was an author and broadcast journalist. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Walters was the news anchor at NBC's Today. For 25 years Walters also hosted the ABC show 20/20. She co-hosted the morning television show The View from 1997 to 2014. 

Walters had interviewed every U.S. President from Richard Nixon to Barack Obama, however she also interviewed Donald Trump and Joe Biden when they were not presidents.

Death
Walters died at her home in New York City from dementia-related problems on December 30, 2022, at the age of 93.

Awards
Walters received 3 Daytime Emmy Awards. She received Lifetime Achievement Awards for News and Documentary and daytime programs. She was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1989. On June 15, 2007, Walters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 

In 1992 Walters received a Courage in Journalism Award for reporting in dangerous areas.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Barbara Walters Archive of American Television Interview
 Barbara Walters  Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America

1929 births
2022 deaths
American journalists
Writers from Boston
American television news anchors
American television talk show hosts
Emmy Award winners
Deaths from dementia
UDFy-38135539 (also known as HUDF.YD3) is a galaxy in the Fornax constellation. At present it is the farthest confirmed object ever seen. UDFy-38135539 is 13.1 billion light years from the Earth.

Characteristics 
The galaxy is in the constellation Fornax, and it is estimated that the galaxy contains a billion stars.

Significance 
The universe's first stars were massive, 
ionizing hydrogen in the surrounding environment. This is called the ionization epoch.
UDFy-38135539 (HUDF.YD3) is probably the first galaxy seen in the reionization epoch. Caltech astronomer Brant Robertson, commenting on the study, stated that the "galaxy happens to reside at a very special time in cosmic history when the properties of gas in the universe were changing rapidly, and therefore this galaxy and others like it may teach us a lot about the early history of the universe". Michele Trenti, an astronomer who was not involved in the study but provided commentary published with the report, says that the discovery of the distant galaxy is  
"a fundamental leap forward in observational cosmology".

References

Galaxies
Mira Sorvino (born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She received an Academy Award for "Best Supporting Actress" for her role in the 1995 movie Mighty Aphrodite. She starred in many other Hollywood movies. More recently she has been starring in low budget or independent movies. She is the daughter of actor Paul Sorvino.

Personal life 
Sorvino and actor Christopher Backus were married June 11, 2004. The couple have four children. Their daughters are Mattea Angel (born 2004) and Lucia (born 2012). Their sons are Johnny Christopher King (born 2006) and Holden Paul Terry Backus (born 2009).

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 

1967 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New Jersey
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Dynasty was an American primetime soap opera which aired on ABC beginning in January 1981 and ending in May 1989. Starring in the series were John Forsythe, Heather Locklear, Linda Evans, Pamela Sue Martin and Joan Collins. This show was focused on the rich Carrington family from Denver, Colorado.
Between 1985 and 1987 a spin-off show The Colbys was being made.

Other websites 

1981 television series debuts
1989 American television series endings
1980s American drama television series
Denver
Television series about families
Television series set in Colorado
1981 establishments in the United States
English-language television programs
ABC network series
Eric "Hank" Gathers (February 11, 1967–March 4, 1990) was an American basketball player that played for Loyola Marymount University where he was a breakout star. Gathers originally played at the University of Southern California before transferring to Loyola Marymount University with his teammate Bo Kimble. He died on March 4, 1990, after he collapsed on the court after making an alley-oop dunk. He was reported as saying "I don't want to lay down!" before he stopped breathing and was declared dead on arrival at the hospital from problems caused by ventricular tachycardia caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. He also collapsed at the free-throw line during an LMU home game on December 9, 1989 before. His life was featured in a 1992 TV movie, Final Shot: The Hank Gathers Story and in an ESPN film called Guru of Go for their 30 for 30 sries.

Other websites
Information on Gather's death
1967 births
1990 deaths
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Deaths from ventricular tachycardia
Bulletstorm is a first-person shooter video game made by People Can Fly and Epic Games for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows.

The game came under negative criticism by Fox News for it's use of profanity, crude behavior and sexual innuendo. Electronic Arts responded to this saying, "As you know, Bulletstorm is a work of entertainment fiction... The game and its marketing adhere to all guidelines set forth by the ESRB; both designed for people 17+...Much like Tarantino's Kill Bill or Rodriguez's Sin City, this game is an expression of creative entertainment for adults."

References

Other websites
 

PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Windows games
2011 video games
Shooter video games
Cooperative video games
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox One games
The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 is a set of laws created in 1972 by the Government of India. Before 1972, India had only five national parks.

The Act protects wild animals, a birds and plants in all of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir, which has its own wildlife act. It has six sections that give different degrees of protection. Schedule I  and part II of Schedule II  provide complete protection. Offences under these are given the highest penalty. Species listed in Schedule III  and Schedule IV  are also protected, but the penalties are much lower. Schedule V  includes the animals that can be hunted. The plants in Schedule VI  are prohibited from harvesting and planting.

Other websites
 The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 

Legislation
Protected areas
1972
1970s in India
1970s in law
Law of India
Gombe Stream National Park is a National Park in north-western Tanzania.

It borders on Lake Tanganyika, and is just south of the border with Burundi. The regional capital of western Tanganyika, Kigoma, is 10 miles (20 km) south of Gombe.

Established in 1968, Gombe is the smallest national park in Tanzania, with only  of forest running along the hills of the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika.

The terrain has steep valleys, and the forest vegetation ranges from grassland to alpine bamboo to tropical rainforest.

The Park can only be reached by boat.

Wild life

Chimpanzees 
The Park is most famous as the place where Jane Goodall did her research on the chimpanzee groups.  The Kasakela chimpanzee community, featured in several books and documentaries, lives in Gombe Stream National Park.
Goodall discovered that the apes eat smaller monkeys regularly. They do this by cooperative hunting, gradually cutting off the monkey's escape routes. The extent of this predation is notable:
"Goodall's Gombe data have also led researchers to take a closer look at the role that hunting plays in chimp feeding habits. One recent Gombe study, for instance, concluded that the 45 members of one troop ate a ton of monkey meat per year. During one hunting binge, chimps killed 71 colobus monkeys in 68 days; one chimp alone killed 42 monkeys over five years. All told, chimps may kill and eat a third of the Gombe’s colobus population each year".

Other wildlife 
Gombe Stream's high levels of diversity make it an increasingly popular tourist destination. Besides chimpanzees, primates living in Gombe Stream include beachcomber olive baboons, Red Colobus monkeys and vervet monkeys.
The park is also home to over 200 bird species and bushpigs.  There are also 11 species of snakes, and occasional hippopotamus and leopards.

Visitors to the park can trek into the forest to view the chimpanzees, as well as swim and snorkel in Lake Tanganyika with almost 100 kinds of colourful cichlid fish.

References 

National parks in Africa
Geography of Tanzania
Rue McClanahan (February 21, 1934 – June 3, 2010) was an American actress and comedian. She acted in several television sitcoms, most notably The Golden Girls. She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in 1987.
She also starred in Mama's Family. McClanahan died of a stroke. 

McClanahan was born Eddi-Rue McClanahan. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Tulsa.

She began acting on off-Broadway in New York City in 1957.  Her Broadway début was in 1969.  She was in the musical, Jimmy Shine. Dustin Hoffman was in the title role.

Her autobiography, My First Five Husbands ... and the Ones Who Got Away, was released in 2007.

Nominations and awards
Emmy Award Nominations:
 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for: The Golden Girls (1986)
 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for: The Golden Girls (1987) (Won)
 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for: The Golden Girls (1988)
 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for: The Golden Girls (1989)
Golden Globe Nominations:
 Best Performance by an Actress in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical for: The Golden Girls (1986)
 Best Performance by an Actress in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical for: The Golden Girls (1987)
 Best Performance by an Actress in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical for: The Golden Girls (1988)

Obie Awards (off-Broadway):
 Best Actress for Who's Happy Now (1969) (won)

Golden Apple Awards:
 Female Star of the Year for: The Golden Girls (1986) (won)

TV Land Awards:
 Pop Culture Award for: The Golden Girls (2008) (won)
 Quintessential Non-Traditional Family for: The Golden Girls (2003) (won)
Television work
 Another World (cast member from 1970 to 1971)
 Where the Heart Is (1971–1972)
 Hogan's Goat (1971; TV movie)
 All in the Family (TV Series) (1972; 1 episode: "The Bunkers and the Swingers")
 The Rimers of Eldritch (1974; TV movie)
 Maude (1972–1978)
 Apple Pie (1978)
 Lou Grant (1980; Guns)
 Gimme a Break (TV Series) (1981–1987; 2 episodes)
 Newhart (TV Series) (1982; The Way We Thought We Were)
 Alice (TV Series) (1984) 1 episode, played a nursery school teacher, "Mother Goose" aka "Betty Muffet".
 Mama's Family (TV Series) as Aunt Fran (1983–1985).
 Murder, She Wrote (1985; 1 episode: "Murder Takes the Bus")
 The Golden Girls (1985–1992)
 The Little Match Girl (1987; TV Movie)
 Take My Daughters, Please (1988; TV Movie)
 The Man in the Brown Suit (1989; TV movie)
 The Wickedest Witch (1989; TV movie)
 Children of the Bride (1990; TV movie)
 Baby of the Bride (1991; TV movie)
 The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story (TV movie; 1991)
Dame Edna's Hollywood (May 9, 1992) 1 episode, herself.
 The Golden Palace (1992–1993)
 Mother of the Bride (1993; TV movie)
 Nunsense 1993 TV Special
 Boy Meets World (1993; 1 episode)
 Touched by an Angel (1994; 1 episode)
 Nunsense 2 The Sequel 1994 TV Special
 Columbo (1998; 1 episode: "Ashes to Ashes")
 Nunsense 3 The Jamboree 1998 TV Special cameo as Sister Mary Regina
 A Saintly Switch (1999; TV movie)
 Safe Harbor (1999; 10 episodes)
 Blue's Clues (1999; 1 episode)
 Ladies Man (2000; 2 episodes)
 Touched by an Angel (2001; 2 episodes)
 Wonderfalls (2004: 1 episode)
 Hope & Faith (2005; 1 episode)
 King of the Hill (2007; 1 episode)
 Sordid Lives: The Series (2008; 12 episodes)
 Law & Order (2009; 1 episode)
 Celebrity Ghost Stories (October 17, 2009 episode)
 Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns (December 2, 2009 episode)
Filmography
 The Rotten Apple (1961)
 Angel's Flight (1965)
 Walk the Angry Beach (1968)
 Hollywood After Dark (1968)
 The Unholy Choice (1968)
 The People Next Door (1970)
 Some of My Best Friends Are... (1971)
 They Might Be Giants (1971)
 The Skin of Our Teeth (1983)
 Message from Nam (1993)
 A Christmas to Remember (1995)
 Dear God (1996)
 Innocent Victims (TV movie) (1996)
 Annabelle's Wish (1997)
 Out to Sea (1997)
 Starship Troopers (1997)
 The Fighting Temptations (2003)
 Back to You and Me (2005)
 Generation Gap (2008)

References

1934 births
2010 deaths
Actors from Oklahoma
American activists
American autobiographers
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Emmy Award winning actors
Lead poisoning is a condition where there is too much lead in the body. Lead interferes with many processes. It is toxic to many organs and tissues. Treatment of the condition is usually to remove the source of lead. Some animals die from lead poisoning. Mostly, children are at risk for this condition. Symptoms of lead poisoning include coughing, fatigue, and severe dehydration.

Toxicology
Bulldozers are crawling machines which have blades. These machines are used for pushing large amounts of dirt or rubble during demolition or construction. They have claw-like devices in the rear to loosen materials which are densely compacted.

Bulldozers are structurally different from excavators, but in many respects their functions are similar. If we talk about universal types of construction equipment, then bulldozers are used when a large amount of work is expected. According to the method of movement, the bulldozers are divided into wheeled and tracked. This construction equipment is used for levelling the soil layer, digging trenches, as well as for transporting bulk cargo. The bulldozer is an economical and efficient construction assistant.

References

Machines
Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia (Saint Petersburg 14 January 1850 (4 January O.S.) – Paris, 14 November 1908) was the sixth child and the fourth son of Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse). Destined to a naval career, Alexei Alexandrovich started his military training at the age of 7. By the age of 20 he had been appointed lieutenant of the Russian Imperial Navy and had visited all European military ports of Russia. In 1871 he was sent as a goodwill ambassador to the United States and Japan.

In 1883 he was appointed general admiral. He made a big contribution to re-equipping the Russian navy with new ships and in modernizing the naval ports. He was blamed for the Russian loss to the Japanese in the Battle of Tsushima. In 1905, he was relieved of his command. He died in Paris in 1908.
Food
During 1871 the Grand Duke led a squadron of the Russian Navy on a return visit to the United States.  Whilst in New York a dinner in his honour was given at Delmonico's, and the dish Lobster Duke Alexis named for him in his honor by Charles Ranhofer.

1850 births
1908 deaths
Russian grand dukes and duchesses
House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
People with foods named after them
The Provisional Irish Republican Army was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that wanted to unite Ireland, by using armed force to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom, mainly during The Troubles era. It split from the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in 1969. Its violent activities formally ended in 1997. During that time, about 10,000 people were members. In 2002, there were about 1,000 people left; 300 of them were still in active service. In July 2005 it destroyed all its weapons and bombs.

Its opponents were the British Army, the Royal Ulster Constabulary, and loyalist paramilitary groups like the Ulster Volunteers. The PIRA aimed to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a socialist republic within a united Ireland. It tried to do this through armed attacks and explosions and by using political persuasion.
Overview of strategies
The IRA's first strategy was to use force to destroy the Northern Ireland administration and to hurt or kill enough British soldiers and police officers that the British government would leave. The IRA recruited volunteers. They got more volunteers after the 1972  Bloody Sunday attack, in which the British military fired on protesters. The IRA then attacked against British military and economic targets. They were supported by arms and funding from Libya, revolutionary movements in Europe, and from some groups in the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

The IRA agreed to a ceasefire in February 1975, which lasted nearly a year. Then the IRA decided it could not meet its goals with the ceasefire. As a result, the IRA launched a new strategy known as "the Long War". This started a war of attrition against the British. As well, they did more political activity through the political party Sinn Féin.
The 1981 Irish hunger strike helped the IRA to gain support and win elections. This led to the Armalite and ballot box strategy which aimed at doing more political activity. The unsuccessful attempt to do more military attacks led republican leaders to look for a political solution. Sinn Féin got more distanced from the IRA. Following negotiations with the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and with British civil servants, the IRA called a ceasefire in 1994. They expected that Sinn Féin would be included in political talks for solving the disputes. When the British government demanded the disarmament of the IRA before it allowed Sinn Féin into talks, the IRA called off its ceasefire in February 1996.
After the ceasefire was reinstated in July 1997, Sinn Féin was admitted into all-party talks. This produced the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. The IRA's armed campaign, primarily in Northern Ireland but also in England and mainland Europe, caused the deaths of approximately 1,800 people. The dead included around 1,100 members of the British security forces, and about 640 civilians. The IRA itself lost 275–300 members, of an estimated 10,000 total over the 30-year period.

On 28 July 2005, the IRA Army Council announced an end to its armed campaign. The IRA stated that it would use only political and democratic processes. Soon after, the IRA destroyed its guns and bombs.

Two small groups split from the Provisional IRA, the Continuity IRA in 1986, and the Real IRA in 1997. Both reject the Good Friday Agreement and continue to engage in paramilitary activity.

References
References

1969 establishments in Europe
1997 disestablishments in Europe
20th century in the United Kingdom
20th century in Ireland
National liberation movements
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Toa Payoh is a place in Singapore. It is found in the central area of the Singapore island and is well known for having the first bus interchange with air conditioner in it. The whole district covers a total of 845 ha in land area.

Notable places 
There are a few notable places in Toa Payoh. They are listed below:

Toa Payoh stadium 

The Toa Payoh stadium is a stadium in which the Singapore League club Balestier Khalsa F.C. plays its home games.

Toa Payoh Town Park 

The Toa Payoh Town Park is a garden-landscaped park. It was known as Toa Payoh Town Garden before a temporary bus interchange had to be built at the location of the garden.

References

Other websites 

 Toa Payoh Free Online Community Forums (ToaPayoh.NET) 

Places in Singapore
Colonel Loammi Baldwin (January 10, 1744-October 20, 1807) was a noted American engineer, politician, and a soldier in the American Revolutionary War.

Baldwin is known as the Father of American Civil Engineering. His five sons, Cyrus Baldwin (1773-1854), Benjamin Franklin Baldwin (1777-1821), Loammi Baldwin, Jr. (1780-1834), James Fowle Baldwin (1782-1862), and George Rumford Baldwin (1798-1888) were also well-known engineers.  He surveyed and built the Middlesex Canal, but today he is perhaps best remembered for the Baldwin apple which he discovered when surveying the Middlesex Canal, and then developed at his farm
Military Career in the American Revolution
In 1774 Baldwin enlisted in a regiment, and commanded the Woburn militia at the Battle of Lexington and Concord as a major. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in the 26th Continental Regiment commanded by Colonel Samuel Gerrish. Here he rapidly advanced to be lieutenant-colonel, and on Colonel Gerrish's retirement in August 1775, he was placed in command of the regiment, and was soon commissioned colonel.

Until the end of 1775, Baldwin and his men stayed near Boston, but in April 1776, he was ordered with his command to New York City. On the night of December 25, 1776, in the face of a violent and extremely cold storm of snow and hail, General Washington and his army crossed the Delaware to the New Jersey side, and fought the Battle of Trenton. Baldwin and his regiment participated in both the crossing and the fight.  In 1777, Baldwin resigned from the army because of ill health.
Political career
Baldwin was elected to various public offices between 1780 and 1796. He was appointed high sheriff of Middlesex County in 1780, and was the first to hold office after the adoption of the state constitution. From 1778-1784, he represented Woburn in the Massachusetts General Court (the state legislature). In 1794, he was a candidate for election to the United States House of Representatives, and obtained all the votes cast in Woburn but one.

Engineering career
Baldwin began work with his older sons on the Middlesex Canal in 1794 and after nine years, the canal began service in 1803.  He later worked on Boston's fortifications.  His son Cyrus continued his father's work on the Middlesex Canal as an agent for the canal company.  His son Benjamin worked on the Boston Mill Dam for before an early death at age 43.

References

1744 births
1807 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from Massachusetts
People with foods named after them
American revolutionaries
Maxime Vachier-Lagrave (born 21 October 1990) is a French chess Grandmaster and the 2009 World Junior Chess Champion. MVL, as he is sometimes called, is at present their strongest player.

Grandmaster norms 
He completed his final grandmaster norm in 2005, at 14 years, 4 months. He got his norms in these tournaments:

Paris Championship 2004: finished 3rd with 6½ points from nine rounds and a rating performance of 2703
NAO GM Tournament 2004: won the tournament with 6/9 and got a performance of 2605
GM Tournament of Évry: from 21 to 27 February 2005, finished second with 7½ and a performance of 2712

1990 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
French chess players
Sportspeople from Val-de-Marne
Eva Mendes (born March 5, 1974) is an American actress. She has been in movies including The Other Guys and Training Day. She was born in Miami, Florida and grew up in Los Angeles, California.Currently married to Evan Davies.

Filmography
Filmography 

Children of the Corn V: Fields of Terror (1998)
A Night at the Roxbury (1998)
Mortal Kombat: Conquest (1998)
My Brother the Pig (1999)
The Disciples (2000)
Urban Legends: Final Cut (2000)
Exit Wounds (2001)
Training Day (2001)
All About the Benjamins (2002)
2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)
Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003)
Out of Time (2003)
Stuck on You (2003)
Hitch (2005)
The Wendell Baker Story (2005)
Guilty Hearts (2005)
Trust the Man (2006)
Ghost Rider (2007)
Knocked Up (2007)
We Own the Night (2007)
Live! (2007)
Cleaner (2007)
The Women (2008)
The Spirit (2008)
The Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009)
The Other Guys (2010)
Last Night (2010)
Fast Five (2011)
Holy Motors (2012)
Girl in Progress (2012)
The Place Beyond the Pines (2012)
Clear History (2013)
Lost River (2014)
Fast 8 (2017)

Other websites

1974 births
Living people
American movie actors
Actors from Miami
Cuban actors
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They can be classified as the family Estrildidae (weaver-finch), or as a sub-group within the family Passeridae, which also includes the true sparrows.

They live in flocks and often colonial seed-eaters with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but vary widely in plumage colours and pattern.

All the estrildids build large domed nests and lay 5–10 white eggs. Many species build roost nests. Some of the fire-finches and pytilias are hosts to the brood-parasitic indigobirds and whydahs respectively.

Most are sensitive to cold and require a warm, usually tropical, habitat, although a few have adapted to the cooler climates of southern Australia.

Passeri
Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959 in Lansing, Michigan) is an American retired NBA basketball player. He won the NBA Championship in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1988 all with the Los Angeles Lakers. He played college basketball at Michigan State University where he developed a rivalry and friendship with Boston Celtics star Larry Bird when he faced him in the 1979 NCAA finals and three NBA championship games.  Although Johnson was a versatile player who played all five positions occasionally, he is considered by many to be the greatest point guard, passer and playmaker in the history of the game.

In 1991, Johnson made public that he had been diagnosed with HIV. He is a supporter of AIDS prevention.

In 1992, Johnson was a member of the United States men's national basketball team. That team won an Olympic gold medal.

He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2002 and was also named as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996.
On February 21, 2017, Johnson replaced Jim Buss as the president of basketball operations for the Los Angeles Lakers. On April 9, 2019, Johnson resigned from his role as president of basketball operations of the Lakers wishing to return to his role of NBA ambassador.

References

Other websites

Magic Johnson's NBA player profile

1959 births
African-American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
American philanthropists
American television talk show hosts
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Los Angeles Lakers players
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
National Basketball Association broadcasters
People from Lansing, Michigan
People with HIV/AIDS
Sportspeople from Michigan
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
The University of South Carolina is a public, co-educational university in Columbia, South Carolina. The university has about 44,557 students. It was founded in 1801. The current president of the university is Dr. Harris Pastides.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Gamecocks. They have 19 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In men's soccer, a sport that the SEC does not sponsor, the Gamecocks play in Conference USA.

Other websites
University of South Carolina's Official website
South Carolina Gamecocks' Official website 

Southeastern Conference
Colleges and universities in South Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina
1801 establishments in the United States
1800s establishments in South Carolina
The University of Arkansas is a public, co-educational university in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The university has about 21,406 students. It was founded in 1871. The current president of the university is Dr. B. Alan Sugg.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Razorbacks and the women's teams are called the Lady Razorbacks. They have 19 varsity teams and they compete in the Southeastern Conference.

Other websites
University of Arkansas' Official website
Arkansas Razorbacks' Official website

Southeastern Conference
Colleges and universities in Arkansas
Fayetteville, Arkansas
1871 establishments in Arkansas
The Chevrolet Cruze is a four-door sedan and hatchback that is built by General Motors' Chevrolet brand. A subcompact Cruze based on the Suzuki Ignis was built between 2001 and 2008. Since 2008, the current compact has been produced as a replacement for the Chevrolet Cobalt. The Cruze is actually a rebadged Daewoo Lacetti Premiere, prior to its introduction, the original model was sold under Suzuki in America. The Cruze is the first compact Chevrolet model to not have a Pontiac twin, instead it shares similarities with the Buick Verano. In 2016 (2014 in China), the Cruze received a new generation. The Cruze was discontinued in the Americas in 2020.

In the US, the Cruze is available with either a 1.8-liter or 1.4-liter 4-cylinder engine producing 138 hp. Both are available with six-speed manual and automatic transmissions. GM has announced that in late 2016 a hatchback version of the Cruze will be offered in North America.

Other websites

 Chevrolet Cruze Reviews & Pictures
 Official Site
Cruze
Sedans
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020s automobiles
The Lamborghini Murciélago is a supercar. Lamborghini built it from 2001 to 2010. The Murciélago was succeeded by the Lamborghini Aventador. It replaced the Diablo. The Murciélago was designed by Luc Donckerwolke. Lamborghini built 4,099 Murciélagos.

References

Murcielago
Coupes
Roadsters
Sports cars
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Ali Abdullah Saleh (; born 21 March 1942 – 4 December 2017) was a Yemeni politician. He was the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Before that time, Saleh served as the President of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) from 1978 until 1990. In 1990, he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of the Republic of Yemen (North & South Yemen). He was the longest-serving president of Yemen, ruling since 1978. On February 2, 2011, he announced that he would step down in 2013.

In December 2017, Saleh said he would not support the Houthis and instead sided with his former enemies – Saudi Arabia and president Hadi. However, he was killed by a Houthi sniper while attempting to leave the capital city of Sana'a amidst the ongoing battle on 4 December 2017. The Houthis said that it was the United Arab Emirates that dragged Saleh to "this humiliating fate."

References

1947 births
2017 deaths
Assassinated people
Muslims
Presidents of Yemen
The Lamborghini Diablo is a sports car. Lamborghini built it from 1990 to 2001. The  name Diablo means "devil" in Spanish. The Diablo replaced the Countach. Lamborghini made the Diablo in Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy. Lamborghini built 2,884 Diablos in total. The next model after Diablo was Murciélago.

History
The Diablo was built by Marcello Gandini to replace the Countach. Lamborghini wanted to make the Diablo reach a top speed of . The company released the first Diablo in January 1990. The Diablo was built until 2001. After that, it was replaced by the Murcielago.

Production models
Lamborghini built several different kinds of the Diablo. After its first release in 1990, it was re-designed in 1998. It was sold until 2001.

First generation (1990-1998)
Diablo
Lamborghini released the Diablo to the public on January 21, 1990. The Diablo was powered by a 5.7 L (348 cu in) Lamborghini V12 engine. The engine made  and  of torque. The Diablo could accelerate 0- in about 4.5 seconds. It also had a top speed of . The Diablo was rear-wheel drive. Its engine was mid-mounted.

Diablo Roadster Concept

Lamborghini first revealed the Diablo Roadster Concept at the 1992 Geneva Motor Show. Lamborghini allowed the German tuner Koenig Competition to turn regular Diablos into Diablo Roadsters. Koenig Competition stopped doing this in 1995. It was because Lamborghini had released the factory-made Diablo VT roadster in 1995.

Diablo VT

Lamborghini revealed the Diablo VT in 1993. The Diablo VT was the first Lamborghini to have all-wheel drive. There were also a few other changes to the car, such as power steering. Most of these would eventually be found on the standard Diablo.

Diablo SE30 and SE30 Jota
Lamborghini revealed the Diablo SE30 in 1993. It was made to celebrate Lamborghini’s 30th anniversary. The Diablo SE30 was lighter and more powerful than the standard Diablo. The engine had its power increased to . The Diablo SE30 was rear-wheel drive.

Lamborghini built 150 Diablo SE30s. Fifteen of them were changed into the "Jota" version. The "Jota" upgrade turned the Diablo SE30 into a more track-focused car. The Jota’s engine made  , and  of torque.

Diablo SV

Lamborghini revealed the Diablo SV at the 1995 Geneva Motor Show. The SV is based on the standard Diablo. This means that it does not have the Diablo VT’s all-wheel drive system. The Diablo SV was more powerful than the standard Diablo. It made  at 7,100 rpm, and  of torque at 5,900 rpm. The Diablo SV actually cost less than the standard Diablo, even though it was more powerful.

Diablo VT Roadster

Lamborghini introduced the Diablo VT Roadster in December 1995. The VT roadster used the same all-wheel drive system as the VT.
In 1998, Lamborghini increased the power of the Diablo VT Roadster to . The car’s top speed was raised to  because the engine made more power.

Second generation (1998-2001)

Diablo SV (1999)

The Diablo was updated in 1999. Lamborghini stopped making the standard Diablo in 1999. This was because the Diablo SV had become the basic Diablo model.
 Lamborghini changed the inside of the Diablo (see picture).

Lamborghini increased the power level of the Diablo SV to  and  of torque.

Diablo VT and VT Roadster (1999)

The second-generation VT was very similar to the first one. There were a few changes, though. These included an engine that tuned to make . The VT kept the same all-wheel drive system.

Diablo GT

Lamborghini revealed the Diablo GT in 1998. It was made mainly to be used for track racing. The Diablo GT weighed less than the standard Diablo. The Diablo GT’s engine’s size was increased to . The engine made  and  of torque. A version of the Diablo GT’s engine was later used in the Diablo VT 6.0.
Diablo VT 6.0 and VT 6.0 SE

Lamborghini introduced the Diablo VT 6.0 in 1994. It shared its engine with the Diablo GT. The engine made  and  of torque.

There were only two versions of the Diablo VT 6.0. The two versions were an all-wheel drive version, and a two-wheel drive version. This was because Lamborghini was working on making the Murcielago.

References

Diablo
Roadsters
Sports cars
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
The Lamborghini Jalpa is a sports car. Lamborghini built it from 1981 to 1988. The Jalpa came after the Silhouette. The Jalpa was designed by Carrozzeria Bertone.

History
The Jalpa was introduced at the 1981 Geneva Auto Show. It was based off the Silhouette. Lamborghini designed it to be less expensive than the Countach.

Engine and transmission
The Jalpa was powered by a  V8 engine. The engine in the Jalpa came from the Silhouette. The Jalpa’s engine had a power output of , and  of torque. The engine in the US models made .

Performance
Lamborghini said that the Jalpa could accelerate from 0 to  in 6.0 seconds. They also said that it could reach  in 19.1 seconds. The top speed of the Jalpa was . The Jalpa weighed .

Related pages
Lamborghini Silhouette

References

Jalpa
Sports cars
1980s automobiles
The Lamborghini Countach is a sports car. Lamborghini built it from from 1974 to 1990. The Countach came after the Miura. Gruppo Bertone designed the Countach. The car used several different V12 engines by the time Lamborghini stopped making it in 1990.

History
Lamborghini first showed the Countach to the public at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. The car was known as the Lamborghini LP500 back then. The Countach was put into production in 1974. The first Countach model was called the Countach LP400.

Production models

Lamborghini made several different Countach models between 1974 and 1990.

LP400
The first Countach model was the LP400. Lamborghini started making the LP400 in 1974. The car used a  Lamborghini V12 engine. This engine was based on the one used in the Lamborghini Miura. In the LP400, it made . By the end of 1977, Lamborghini had made 158 Countach LP400s.
LP400 S
Lamborghini started making the Countach LP400 S in 1978. This model replaced the Countach LP400. The LP400 S’s engine was a little less powerful than the LP400’s. The LP400 S made . There were some changes made to the exterior. These included fender flares and a rear wing. These changes stayed until Lamborghini stopped making the Countach in 1990.

LP500 S and LP5000 QV
Lamborghini made the Countach LP500 S in 1982. The LP500 S had a larger () V12 engine than the Countach LP400 and LP400 S. Lamborghini built 321 Countach LP500 S cars.

Lamborghini made the Countach LP5000 QV in 1985. The engine was bigger in the 5000 QV. It had a size of . The Countach LP5000 QV had either a fuel injected engine, or an engine with a carburetor. The fuel injected version made . The carbureted version made  at 7,000 rpm and  of torque at 5,200 rpm. Lamborghini made 610 Countach LP5000 QVs. 66 of them had the fuel injection system.

U.S. version
U.S. version

Lamborghini made a version of the Countach for the United States. The US version of the Countach had larger impact bumpers than the European version. Many owners removed the bumpers. This was because many people said that the bumpers ruined the look of the Countach.

25th Anniversary model

Lamborghini made the Countach 25th Anniversary in 1988. The car got its name from the fact that Lamborghini was founded in 1963. Horacio Pagani designed the Countach 25th Anniversary. The car had a different style from the other Countach models (see picture). The Countach 25th Anniversary was made until 1990.

The Countach 25th Anniversary was the fastest version of the Countach. It was able to accelerate from  in 4.7 seconds. The car could also reach a top speed of .

Engine and transmission
The table below shows what engines the different Countach models had. All Countach models had a five-speed manual transmission paired to the engine. The engine was mid-mounted in the Countach.
Performance
The table below shows the performance of the various Countach models.

References

Other websites
Lamborghini's Official website

Countach
Sports cars
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
Etuini Haloti Ngata (born January 21, 1984 in Inglewood, California) is an American former professional football defensive tackle. He played 13 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens, Detroit Lions, and Philadelphia Eagles. Ngata was drafted out of the University of Oregon by the Baltimore Ravens with the 12th pick in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Ngata was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2010 and 2011. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

College career 
While with the Oregon Ducks, Ngata was successful. Ngata totaled 107 tackles, 17.5 tackles for a loss, and 6.5 sacks total in the 2004 and 2005 seasons after tearing his ACL in 2003.

Professional career
In 2006, Ngata had one interception and a 60-yard return, and had two picks for eight yards in 2008. He was an important part of the Baltimore defense.