Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Teams
A total of 20 teams will play in the league. The top 17 sides from the 2013–14 season and the three promoted from the 2013–14 Football League Championship.
On 5 April 2014, Leicester City earned promotion from the 2013–14 Football League Championship after ten-years away from the Premier League.  They became champions after beating Bolton Wanderers on 22 April 2014.  On 21 April 2014, Burnley earned promotion to the Premier League with second place. This followed their win over Wigan Athletic. On 24 May 2014 Queens Park Rangers were the final team to be promoted after winning the 2014 Football League Championship play-off Final. They won 1–0 against Derby County at Wembley Stadium in London. The three teams replace Cardiff City, Fulham and Norwich City, who were all relegated to the Championship at the end of the previous season.

Stadia and locations
Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

Personnel and kits
Note: Flags are determined by FIFA eligibility rules.
Referee kits are made by Nike and are sponsored by EA Sports. Nike has a new match ball: the Ordem Premier League.

Managerial changes

Season statistics

Scoring

Top scorers

Hat-tricks

4 Player scored 4 goals

Clean sheets

Discipline

Player

Most yellow cards: 9
Lee Cattermole (Sunderland)

Most red cards: 2
Paul Konchesky (Leicester City)
Kyle Naughton (Tottenham Hotspur)

Club

Most yellow cards: 58
Sunderland

Most red cards: 5
Aston Villa
Swansea City

Awards

Monthly awards

References

Other websites
 Official website 

2014-15
2014 in association football
2015 in association football
Elizabeth E. "Liz" Holzman (February 9, 1953 – August 11, 2014) was an American movie and television director, producer, animator and writer. She was best known for her work on the animated television shows Animaniacs and Pinky and the Brain. She won three Emmy Awards during the 1990s.

Holzman was born in San Francisco, California. She studied at Mills College and at the California Institute of the Arts. There she earned her MFA in movie graphics. She was also the Animation Department Chair at the Art Institute of Portland.

Holzman died from breast cancer on August 11, 2014 in Portland, Oregon. She was 61.

References

Other websites
 

1953 births
2014 deaths
American animators
American movie directors
American television directors
American television producers
Cancer deaths in Oregon
Deaths from breast cancer
Emmy Award winners
Movie producers from California
Screenwriters from California
Writers from San Francisco
Mills College alumni
The cat o' nine tails is a multi-tailed whip. It is sometimes called just the cat. It was first used to give severe physical punishment. It was used in the Royal Navy and British Army.

The cat o' nine tails is sometimes used in BDSM or sexual fetish activity.

BDSM
Tools
Maria Altmann (February 18, 1916 – February 7, 2011) was a Jewish refugee from Nazi Austria to the United States. She was an art collector. Altmann's family owned five paintings painted by Gustav Klimt. They were stolen by Nazis during World War II. She was successful in getting back those five paintings, which included two portraits of her aunt, Adele Bloch-Bauer.

Altmann was born in Vienna, Austria. She died at age 94.

The movie Woman in Gold is based on Altmann's life.

References

1916 births
2011 deaths
American Jews
Austrian Jews
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Vienna
Contour lines or isolines are used when plotting a function. All the points where the function has the same value are connected. Two well-known examples, where such lines are commonly are height lines on topographical maps, and showing areas with the same pressure or temperature on weather charts. Contour lines are an application of level sets. 

Topography
Cartography
Statistics
Loleatta Holloway (November 5, 1946 – March 21, 2011) was an American singer. She was known mainly for disco songs, such as "Hit and Run" and "Love Sensation". 

Holloway was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died there from heart failure.

Musicians from Chicago
American singer-songwriters
1946 births
2011 deaths
The War on Drugs is what people call a government program in the United States. The program was, officially, to end drug use.  It started in the early 1970s and the Reagan Administration gave it a lot of attention in the 1980s. The War on Drugs continued into the 1990s and 2000s. Presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush supported it.

The War on Drugs led to the capture of many drug dealers and ended many drug dealers in the United States. The Drug Policy Alliance said that the United States had spent $51 billion every year on the War on Drugs.

The War on Drugs also lead to the creation of the saying "Just Say No" which was created by Ronald Reagan's wife and First Lady Nancy Reagan. It was created to prevent teenagers doing drugs.

Related pages
 Corruption
 1970s

1970s in the United States
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
1990s in the United States
2000s in the United States
History of the United States

Drug control law
A level set of a function is the set of all the points where the function has a given value. This is a special application of a scalar field.

Functions and mappings
Cecil Dale Andrus (August 25, 1931 – August 24, 2017) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was Governor of Idaho for 14 years. He was governor from 1971 to 1977 and again from 1987 to 1995. He was U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1977 to 1981, during the Carter administration.

Andrus died on August 24, 2017 in Boise, from complications of lung cancer.

References

Further reading
 Cecil Andrus: Politics Western Style (September 1998), Sasquatch Books, 

1931 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in Idaho
United States Secretaries of the Interior
Governors of Idaho
Politicians from Oregon
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Plaza Sésamo is the Venezuelan version of the Sesame Street television show.  It was first shown in Venezuela in 1972.

Note

Children's television series
Sesame Street
1970s television series debuts
Mexican television series
Udupi Rajagopalacharya Ananthamurthy (; 21 December 1932 - 22 August 2014) was an Indian writer and critic. He wrote in the Kannada language. He was thought to be as one of the pioneers of the Navya movement. In 1998, he received the Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India. 

He was the Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala during the late 1980s. He was one of the finalists of Man Booker International Prize for the year 2013. 

Ananthamurthy died of cardiac arrest caused by renal failure on 22 August 2014 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, aged 81.

References

Other websites

1932 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian educators
Indian writers
A commode is a special piece of furniture. The word comes form the French word and means convenient. The commode developed from the chest. Commodes have drawers, so handling them is more convenient than handling a chest. Commodes have been in common usage since the 18th century.

Furniture
Big Bag is a muppet and musical comedy television show from Jim Henson and Sesame Workshop It aired on the Cartoon Network between 1996-1998. Season 1 was released in 1996-1997 and season 2 was released in 1997-1998.

Channel Links

Muppets
Children's television series
English-language television programs
Trading Spouses: Meet Your New Mommy is a television show that aired in 2004-2007. Season 1 was released in 2004-2005, season 2 was released in 2005-2006, and season 3 was released in 2006-2007. Marguerite "God Warrior" Perrin (mother of Ashley Perrin and wife of Barry Perrin) (where she appeared in The Tyra Banks Show in 2006) (born 1961) appeared in this show.

Other websites 

2004 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American reality television series
Fox television series
English-language television programs
"Shake It Off" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It is the first single from her fifth studio album, 1989. It premiered during a Yahoo! live stream on August 18, 2014. The song's music video was released was also released on the same day.  The music video helped the song to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.  It was ranked number 13 in the year-end Hot 100 of 2014.

Other websites

2014 songs
Pop songs
Taylor Swift songs
The pedicure is a way to improve the appearance of feet and nails. The word pedicure refers to superficial cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails. Pedicures can help prevent nail disorders and nail problems. They are very popular, especially among women.

Pedicures are not only limited to the nails. Usually, dead skin cells on the bottoms of feet are rubbed off with pumice stones. 

People have been pedicuring nails for over four thousand years.

References

Cosmetics
Body art
Bruce William Boxleitner (born May 12, 1950) is an American actor and science fiction and suspense writer. He is known for his leading roles in the television series How the West Was Won, Bring 'Em Back Alive, Scarecrow and Mrs. King (with Kate Jackson), and Babylon 5. 

He is also known for his dual role as the characters Alan Bradley and Tron in the 1982 Walt Disney Pictures movie Tron, a role which he reprised in the 2010 sequel, Tron: Legacy and the animated series Tron: Uprising.

References

Other websites

 
 

1950 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Elgin, Illinois
Actors from Illinois
Writers from Illinois
Deborah Evelyn Sussman (May 26, 1931 – August 20, 2014) was an American artist and designer. She was a discoverer in the field of environmental graphic design. Her work put graphic design into architectural and public spaces. She worked on many projects, most notably the architectural landscape of the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was awarded an AIGA medal in 2004.

Sussman was born in Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York. Her father was a skilled commercial artist.

Sussman died from breast cancer on August 20, 2014 in Los Angeles, California. She was 83.

References

Other websites

 

1931 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from breast cancer
American designers
Artists from Los Angeles
People from New York City
Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle (March 24, 1887 – June 29, 1933) was an American silent movie actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He helped Charlie Chaplin become an actor. He discovered Buster Keaton and Bob Hope. 

Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s. He soon became one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. He once signed a contract in 1921 with Paramount Pictures for US$1 million.

Arbuckle was accused of three counts of rape and for murdering actress Virginia Rappe. Arbuckle was later found not guilty and the jury gave Arbuckle a formal apology.

Arbuckle died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1933 at age 46.

References

Other websites

 

Crime Library on Roscoe Arbuckle 

Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle Photos 
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle website: CallMeFatty.com
Contemporary press articles pertaining to Arbuckle
Literature on Roscoe Arbuckle
Banned Film Resurfaces 90 Years After San Francisco Scandal at sfgate.com
1887 births
1933 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American silent movie actors
American movie directors
American screenwriters
Comedians from Kansas
Actors from Kansas
Thomas James "Tom" Snyder (May 12, 1936 – July 29, 2007) was an American television personality, news anchor, and radio personality. He was best known for his late night talk shows The Tomorrow Show and The Late Late Show. Snyder was also an anchor of the primetime NBC News Update.

Snyder died of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in San Francisco, California, aged 71.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2007 deaths
American radio personalities
American television presenters
Cancer deaths in San Francisco
Deaths from chronic lymphocytic leukemia
People from Milwaukee
Television personalities from Wisconsin
J. Freeman Gilbert (August 9, 1931 – August 15, 2014) was an American geophysicist. He was best known for his work with George E. Backus on inverting geophysical data and also for his role in establishing an international network of long-period seismometers.

Early life 
Gilbert was born in Vincennes, Indiana.  He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Awards 
Gilbert received many honors, including the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1981; the William Bowie Medal in 1999; and the Medal of the Seismological Society of America in 2004.

Later years and death 
In his later years, Gilbert travelled throughout the world with his wife, Sally Gilbert. He died after being injured in a car accident in Southern Oregon on August 15, 2014. He was 83 years old.

References

Other websites
 J. Freeman Gilbert Biography 

1931 births
2014 deaths
American physicists
Road accident deaths in the United States
Scientists from Indiana
Harry Fielding Reid (May 18, 1859 – June 18, 1944) was an American geophysicist. He was known for his works to seismology, mostly in his theory of elastic rebound that was about faults to earthquakes.

References

1859 births
1944 deaths
American physicists
Scientists from Baltimore
Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor, model, director, writer and producer. He played Ronon Dex in the television series Stargate: Atlantis and as Khal Drogo in the Home Box Office television series Game of Thrones. His father is of Native Hawaiian descent, and his mother is of German, Irish and Native American descent.

He also starred in the movie Conan the Barbarian. In 2014, he directed his first movie Road to Paloma. Momoa played Duncan Idaho in Dune and Aquaman, one of the superheroes in Batman vs Superman: Dawn of Justice, Justice League and the 2018 movie of the same name.

References 

Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2014
1979 births
Actors from Honolulu
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
Writers from Hawaii
Models from Hawaii
Hillsboro is a city in and the county seat of Hill County in Central Texas. The population was 8,456 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites

 Official city website

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Gordon C. Faber (April 2, 1931 – August 18, 2014) was an American politician and businessman from the U.S. state of Oregon. He was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, he grew up in Hillsboro, Oregon.

He joined the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War and was a small business owner before becoming a real estate agent and entering politics. He served on Hillsboro's budget committee and city council before serving two terms as mayor from 1993 to 2001.

Faber died on August 18, 2014, at home in Hillsboro, Oregon at the age of 83 due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

References

1931 births
2014 deaths
American mayors
Businesspeople from Oregon
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
Deaths from COPD
Disease-related deaths in Oregon
Politicians from Oregon
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Neil Edward Goldschmidt (born June 16, 1940) is an American politician and businessman. He served as Governor of Oregon January 1987 through January 1991.

Goldschmidt also served as United States Secretary of Transportation under President Jimmy Carter from August 1979 through January 1981. He also served as Mayor of Portland, Oregon from January 1973 through January 1979.

He was a member of Democratic Party.

Goldschmidt was born in Eugene, Oregon.

In 2004, it was revealed that when Goldschmidt was mayor of Portland, he had repeatedly raped a 13 year old girl. It was also revealed the sexual abuse continued when he was governor. The entire abuse was covered up by officials who worked for Goldschmidt.

References

Other websites
 President Carter greets Secretary Goldschmidt, a photo published November 4, 1980, in The Oregonian, from that newspaper's flickr account.
1940 births
Living people
Governors of Oregon
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Mayors of Portland, Oregon
Politicians from Eugene, Oregon
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Portland, Oregon
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
American rapists
James Horace Burnley IV (born July 30, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. He served as the United States Secretary of Transportation from 1987 until 1989. He served during the administration of President Ronald Reagan.

References

Other websites
Venable.com profile 
Intercollegiate studies Instititute page 
American Enterprise Institute page mention

1948 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Politicians from North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Rodney Earl Slater (born February 23, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Transportation under U.S. President Bill Clinton. He is a member of the Democratic Party

Slater was born in Marianna, Arkansas.

Slater graduated from Eastern Michigan University in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law in 1980.

After Clinton was elected president, 1993 Slater became the first African-American Director of the Federal Highway Administration.

In 1997, Slater was appointed to be the Secretary of Transportation. He was the second African American to hold that post.

References

1955 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Politicians from Arkansas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Raymond H. "Ray" LaHood (born December 6, 1945) is an American politician. He served as United States Secretary of Transportation from 2009 until 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. LaHood represented Illinois's 18th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 2009.

References

Other websites

 Secretary Ray LaHood at the United States Department of Transportation
 Ray LaHood on the Daily Show, December 15, 2009
 
C-SPAN Q&A interview with LaHood, September 2, 2007
 Profile  at SourceWatch
 

1945 births
Living people
Maronites
United States representatives from Illinois
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Republican Party (United States) politicians
"The Game" is a song by DragonForce. It is the second single and first track from the studio album Maximum Overload. The song has a music video released on June 18 2014 on YouTube. The song featured Matt Heafy.

Other websites
 

Heavy metal
John Sherman Cooper (August 23, 1901 – February 21, 1991) was an American politician, jurist, and diplomat from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He served three non-consecutive terms in the United States Senate before being elected to two full terms in 1960 and 1966.

He also served as U.S. Ambassador to India from 1955 to 1956 and U.S. Ambassador to East Germany from 1974 to 1976. He was the first Republican to be popularly elected to more than one term as a senator from Kentucky and, in both 1960 and 1966. He set records for the largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate from either party.

Further reading

Other websites

Cooper on the cover of Time magazine, July 5, 1954
1901 births
1991 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
American Baptists
American judges
Lawyers from Kentucky
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from heart failure
Harvard University alumni
United States senators from Kentucky
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Yale University alumni
Ambassadors of the United States to India
Thomas Gordon "Tom" Poston (October 17, 1921 – April 30, 2007) was an American television and movie actor. His career began during the 1950s. 

According to USA Today Life editor Dennis Moore, Poston appeared in more sitcoms than any other actor. In the 1980s, he played George Utley, opposite Bob Newhart's character on Newhart and Burt Sigurdson in That '70s Show.

After a short illness, Poston died of respiratory failure on April 30, 2007, in Los Angeles, California at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

 Tom Poston interview at the Archive of American Television

Emmy Award winning actors
1921 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
Actors from Columbus, Ohio
Hillsborough is a town and county seat of Orange County, North Carolina. The population was 6,087 in 2010.

References

Towns in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Birgitta Stenberg (26 April 1932 – 23 August 2014) was a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She was the 2005 winner of the Selma Lagerlöf Prize.

Stenberg was born in Stockholm in 1932. She was educated in Visby and finally in Paris. She became a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She lived in Åstol in Sweden. She has won the Swedish Selma Lagerlöf Prize for literature in 2005. 

Stenberg died from hepatic cancer (type of liver cancer) on 23 August 2014 in Tiveden, Sweden, aged 82.

References

Other websites
Official website  

1932 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Deaths from liver cancer
Writers from Stockholm
Golam Mostofa (Bengali: গোলাম মোস্তফা) (1897- 13 October 1964) was a writer and poet. Mostofa wrote the Tarana-E-Pakistan the anthem (official song) for the then country of East Pakistan. His country is now called Bangladesh. 

1897 births
1964 deaths
Pakistani poets
John Stewart Waugh (April 25, 1929 – August 22, 2014) was an American chemist and educator. He was an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for making normal hamiltonian theory and using it to extend NMR spectroscopy, before only limited to liquids, to the solid state. In 1974, he was elected as a member in the Chemistry section of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). In 1983, he was awarded Wolf Prize in Chemistry with Herbert S. Gutowsky and Harden M. McConnell.

Waugh was born in Willimantic, Connecticut. He was married to Susan and had two children.

Waugh died on August 22, 2014 in Lincoln, Massachusetts, aged 85.

References

Other websites
 John S. Waugh  at the Wolf Foundation website
 John S. Waugh  at the MIT Department of Chemistry webpage

1929 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Scientists from Connecticut
Wolf Prize winners
Gremlins 2: The New Batch is a 1990 video game. This video game was based on the movie of the same name. It was developed for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Game Boy. In the NES game, the player controls the character Gizmo through various levels in a building. Gizmo has weapons. The goal is to reach the Gremlin Control Centre to kill all the gremlins inside.

References

1990 video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Game Boy games
Victor Peter Chang  (born Chang Yam Him; 21 November 1936 – 4 July 1991) was an Australian heart surgeon. He has been called a pioneer of modern heart transplantation. He also helped with the development of an artificial heart valve. He worked at St Vincent's Hospital with his team who had high success rates of heart transplants.

Chang was born in Shanghai to Australian-born Chinese parents. He first grew up in Hong Kong before moving to Sydney, New South Wales, in 1951. He studied and trained at the University of Sydney as well as in the United Kingdom and the United States. He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1986. He was married to English-born Ann Simmons. The couple had three children.
Chang was murdered on 4 July 1991 in Mosman, Sydney. He was 54. He was shot in the head twice for turning down the efforts of extortion by two men. The men, Malaysians Chew Seng "Ah Sung" Liew and Choon Tee "Phillip" Lim, first ran their vehicle into Chang's car, making him pull over. After arguing, Chang was shot dead by Liew. The men both later spent time in jail.

References

Other websites
 Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

1936 births
1991 deaths
Australian educators
Australian medical doctors
Murders by firearm
Order of Australia
Hong Kong people
People from Shanghai
People from Sydney
Square One TV is an American children's television program. It was produced by the Children's Television Workshop. The purpose is to teach mathematics to young viewers for educational kids tv. It was aired in 1987-1992 and 1995-1996, reran aired in 1992-1994 and 1999-2002.

Square One features a variety of short events all with a mathematical theme, for example Mathman, a parody of Pac-Man; Mathnet, parody of Dragnet, and Late Afternoon with David Numberman, parody of Late Night with David Letterman.

Programming
Programming

Weekdays 
Adventures from the Book of Virtues
The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn
Arthur
Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy
Atom Ant
Bananas in Pyjamas
Barney & Friends
The Berenstain Bears
Between the Lions
The Big Comfy Couch
Bob the Builder
The Charlie Horse Music Pizza
Clifford the Big Red Dog
Corduroy
Dexter's Laboratory
Dragon Tales
The Electric Company
Elliot Moose
Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
The Flintstones
The Funny Company
George Shrinks
The Huggabug Club
Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks
The Jetsons
Kipper
Lamb Chop's Play-Along
Mama Mriabelle's Home Movies
Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse
New Adventures of Superman
Peg + Cat
Peep and the Big Wide World
Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks
Postcards from Buster
Reading Rainbow
Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat
SciGirls
Scooby-Doo
Storytime
Seven Little Monsters
Sesame Street
Thomas & Friends
Top Cat
Timothy Goes to School
Yogi Bear
The Zula Patrol
Zoobilee Zoo
Segments 
Dirk Niblick of the Math Brigade
Late Afternoon with David Numberman
Mathman
Mathnet

References 

American children's television series
PBS Kids shows
1987 American television series debuts
1992 American television series endings
Ganesha Chaturthi is the 10 day-long Hindu festival held on the birthday of the Lord Ganesha.  He is the son of Shiva and Parvati. It is celebrated all over India. The festival is held on shukla chaturthi in the Hindu month of Bhaadrapada and ends on Anant chaturdashi. For example in 2022 it will be celebrated on August 31th. It is celebrated widely in Maharashtra. On this occasion people make special "modaks" which are loved by Lord Ganesha. Lalbaug is a place that every year celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi on a large scale. 

There are Ganesha's form like Bal Ganesh, Lalbaugchya Raja, Siddhivinayak Maharaj, and Dhagru Sheth. The most popular ones are: Shreemant Dagdusheth Halwai Ganpati Mandir and Lalbaugcha Raja.

Overview 
Ganesh Chaturthi is also called Vinayaka Chaturthi, it is a pure Hindu festival, during this festival people pray Lord Ganesha with great devotion. In this occasion people keep their clay idols privately in their homes, or publicly on big pandals (or temporary stages or altars).
It starts with Vedic hymns, prayers, vrata and hindu texts such as Ganesha Upanishad. Offerings of prasada after the prayer and distributing amongst the community people, prasad include sweets, modaka (it is believed to be the favourite sweet of ganesha). This festival starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni-solar calendar month Bhadrapada, which normally falls in the month of August or September. The Ganesha chaturthi ends on the tenth day. 

Celebrations include four stages of rituals:
Pranapratistha - It involves the positioning of the idol or deity of Lord Ganesha into the pandals. This calls for a big celebration. People pray and sing various folk songs while bringing the deity to the Pandals. They play with colours as well.
 Shodasopachara - It involves praying to the lord and offering him puja.
 Uttarpuja. It involves a ceremony after which the deity can be moved from his position. After this ritual, the idol is moved among the public so that they can take his blessings.
Ganpati Visarjan. At this stage, the idol is immersed into the river, sea or ocean. He is believed to go back to Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati after the immersion.

References

Hindu festivals
The cat righting reflex is a cat's natural ability to turn itself around as it falls so it will land on its feet. This righting reflex starts to happen at 3–4 weeks of age. The cat has entirely learned how to do this by 6–7 weeks. Cats are able to do this because they have a flexible backbone and a clavicle that does not move. The minimum height needed for this to happen safely in most cats is about 12 inches.

Cats without a tail can also do this. This is because a cat mostly moves its hind legs and does not use much angular momentum to set itself up for landing. So a tail is not really needed for this skill.

Using this righting reflex, cats can often land without injury. But, this is not always true, since cats can still break bones or die from extreme  falls.
In a 1987 study, written in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 132 cats were looked at after having fallen from buildings. The injuries per cat were more, depending on the height fallen; up to seven stories high. Above seven stories, the injuries were less. The study authors think that after falling five stories, the cats reached terminal velocity.  At that time, the cats relaxed and spread their bodies to increase drag.
How the cat does it 
First, cats decide which is up or down, by looking to see or by using senses in the inner ear. Then, cats manage to twist themselves to face downward, without ever changing their angular momentum. They do this in these steps:
Bend in the middle so that the front half of their body turns in the opposite direction than the rear half.
Tuck their front legs in to reduce the moment of inertia of the front half of their body. 
Stretch out their rear legs to increase the moment of inertia of the rear half of their body. This happens so that they can turn their front half very far (as much as 90°), while the rear half is turning opposite very much less (as little as 10°).
Extend their front legs and tuck their rear legs; so they can turn their rear half quite far, while their front half turns opposite quite a bit less.
If the cat is not flexible enough (able to bend easily), it may need to do steps two and three again in order to completely right itself.
Terminal velocity 
Besides this righting reflex, cats have body features that help keep them safe in a fall. Their small size, light bones, and thick fur decrease their terminal velocity. Also, once righted they may also spread out their body to increase drag and slow how fast they are falling. They also relax as they fall, which protects them some when they land.

Related pages 
 Buttered cat paradox

References

Other websites 
Why cats land on their feet 
National Geographic video on the cat righting reflex 
The miracle of the falling cat 
How do cats always land on their feet? Very slow motion video of the African caracal.

Cats
Reflexes
Lauren Nelson (born November 26, 1986) is an American beauty queen from Lawton, Oklahoma. She was Miss America 2007. Before that, she was Miss Oklahoma 2006.

References

People from Lawton, Oklahoma
Miss America winners
1986 births
Living people
The buttered cat paradox is a popular joke based on putting two adages (sayings) together to make them funny:

 Cats always land on their feet.
 Buttered toast always lands buttered side down.

The paradox happens when one asks this question: What would happen if one attached a piece of buttered toast (butter side up) to the back of a cat, then dropped the cat from a large height?

In reality 
In reality, cats can turn themselves right side up in mid-air if they should fall upside-down. This is named the cat righting reflex. This reflex lets them land on their feet if dropped from high enough up (about ). Toast, not being alive, does not have the ability to turn itself over. Nor does it want to, since it cannot think.
Toast usually lands on the floor butter-side-down. This is because of how it is dropped from a table. As the toast falls from the table, it rotates or turns. Using the average speed of rotation for a slice of toast as it falls from the table and the usual height of a table, a slice of toast that began butter-side-up on the table will land butter-side-down on the floor 81% of the time. This is because the buttered side is heavier. When an object has a heavy and light side, in most cases it will fall heavy side first.

Domestic cats usually weigh between . A regular slice of bread weighs only one ounce and a pat of butter about one fourth ounce. So attaching a very small piece of toast with butter to a much larger cat would hardly have any effect on how the cat would move.

References

Other websites 
 Loopholes for the paradox

Cats
Humor
Annefleur Kalvenhaar (10 June 1994 – 23 August 2014) was a Dutch cyclist and mountain biker. She won the European Cyclo-cross Championships in 2013. She began her career at the age of 13. She participated for the first time in a World Cup in 2012. In Houffalize and La Bresse she finished second place in the top 10. She was born in Wierden, Netherlands.

Kalvenhaar died in Grenoble, France due to an accident during a XCE race in Meribel, France, aged 20.

References

1994 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths in France
Deaths in sport
Dutch cyclists
Road accident deaths
Sportspeople from Overijssel
Wierden is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 25,000 were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region.

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

Settlements in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
Twente
A treadmill is a device for walking or running, while staying in the same place. Before there was steam power, such treadmills were used to power machines. That way,  the work of animals or people could be used in the machines. Such treadmills were also used as a form of punishment in prisons.

Sports equipment
Punishments
The Royal Chapel of Dreux () is the traditional resting place for members of the royal House of Orléans. It is located in the town of Dreux in France. 

The land on which the chapel was built on was owned by the Duke of Penthièvre, whose daughter Marie Adélaïde married the Duke of Orléans in 1769. Following the death of the Duke of Penthièvre his daughter inherited a majority of his vast estates including the land of Dreux. The Orléans family later used the chapel there as their own personal burial place following the reign of Louis Philippe I.

Roman Catholic churches in France

Eure-et-Loir
Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century‎
Colombiana is a 2011 French crime drama action movie set in Bogotá and Chicago. Zoe Saldana plays Cataleya, a hired killer whose parents are murdered when she is a child, so she seeks revenge. Cliff Curtis plays Emilio.

This movie got mixed reviews from critics. It made almost $61 million.

Other websites 

2010s action movies
2011 crime drama movies
Bogotá
2010s English-language movies
French action movies 
French crime movies
French drama movies
Movies about murderers
Movies about revenge
Movies set in Chicago
Multilingual movies
Spanish-language movies
Louis Philippe I  (6 October 1773 — 26 August 1850) nicknamed the Citizen King (French: le Roi Citoyen) was King of the French from 1830 until he was forced to abdicate following the French Revolution in 1848. As Louis Philippe III, he was also the Duke of Orléans from 1793 to 1830 where he passed that title to his son, Philippe which became the title of the heirs to the French throne rather than going back to the traditional, Dauphin of France.

Throughout his reign, Louis brought peace, stability, and prosperity to France. He started France's colonialism over the world. He conquerored Algeria and Tunisia which increased France's territory, army, and navy. He also ordered the completion of the Arc de Triomphe. This increased his popularity.
However, in 1848, his popularity declined because he opposed parlimentarism and that he always wanted to rule as an absolute monarch. He also started to support the rich people and care less about the poor. This broke off the French Revolution of 1848. Since there were already two major revolutions and that Louis did not want another French Revolution, he abdicated the throne and fled the country. He travelled to the UK and moved into the Claremont House in Surrey and lived there under the name "Mr Smith" until his death due to dysentery on 26 October 1850 at the age of 77.

He started France's colonialism in Africa and North America. His conquest of Algeria, Tunisia, and North America greatly made France more powerful.

Louis had some of the qualities of being a good king. He greatly expanded France. He also made France more modern. He built the Arc de Triomphe, the Luxor Obelisk in the Place de la Concorde and the July Column in the Place de la Bastille.

Early life
Early life 

Born at the Palais Royal in Paris he was named Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Louis Philippe in honour of his father. His parents were the Duke and Duchess of Orléans. One of the most senior members of the French royal court. He was born a Prince of the blood which entitled him to be addressed as His Serene Highness. From birth he was given the title of Duke of Valois one of his fathers subsidiary titles. He was the eldest of four children born to the duke and duchess. He was a member of the House of Orléans, itself a cadet branch of the ruling House of Bourbon. The two branches were both directly descended from Louis XIV and were often in competition with one another. 

His education was carried out by Madame de Genlis who was later his fathers mistress. It was she who instilled a fairly liberal attitude within the young prince. When Louis Philippe's grandfather died in 1785, his father succeeded him as Duke of Orléans and Louis Philippe succeeded his father as Duke of Chartres.
His parents had a strained marriage the Duke was famous for his many extramarital affairs and his wife just quietly accepted his infidelity. She was a notoriously religious woman who relished watching her children grow up. Louis Philippe was the eldest of four children born to the couple. Louis Philippe was very close to his brother, the younger Duke of Montpensier. 

In 1792 he joined the French army and went to fight in Austria. But in April 1793 he deserted. He could not return to France so he found work as a teacher in Switzerland. He then went to live in Sweden. After that he lived in the United States and finally he moved to England.

After the abdication of Napoleon in 1814, Louis Philippe returned to France. King Louis XVIII gave him back his Orléans estates.

Marriage
In 1808,  proposed to Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King George III of the United Kingdom. His Catholicism and the opposition of her mother Queen Charlotte meant the princess reluctantly declined the offer.
In 1809, Louis Philippe married Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Ferdinand IV of Naples and Maria Carolina of Austria. They had ten children. Maria Amalia was also a niece of the late Queen Marie Antoinette.

He died on August 26, 1850 in Claremont, Surrey, England.

Children
Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans (3 September 1810 – 13 July 1842) married Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and had children. 
 Louise (3 April 1812 - 11 October 1850) married Leopold I of Belgium and had children.
 Marie (12 April 1813 - 6 January 1839) married Married Duke Alexander of Württemberg, had children.
 Louis, Duke of Nemours  (25 October 1814 – 26 June 1896) married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and had children.
 François, Prince of Joinville (14 August 1818 – 16 June 1900) married Princess Francisca of Brazil and had children.
 Françoise  (26 March 1816	- 20 May 1818) died young.
 Clémentine  (6 March 1817 – 16 February 1907) married Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and had children.
 Charles, Duke of Penthièvre (1 January 1820 – 25 July 1828) died young. 
 Henri, Duke of Aumale (January 16, 1822 – May 7, 1897) married Princess Carolina Augusta of the Two Sicilies and had children.
Legacy

When king of the French he made his children and descendants legally able to bear the title of Prince/ss of Orléans. With the style of Royal Highness.

Titles and styles

 6 October 1773 – 18 November 1785 His Serene Highness The Duke of Valois.
 18 November 1785 – 6 November 1793 His Serene Highness The Duke of Chartres.
 6 November 1793 – 21 September 1824 His Serene Highness The Duke of Orléans.
 21 September 1824 –  9 August 1830 His Royal Highness The Duke of Orléans.
  9 August 1830 – 24 February 1848 His Majesty The King [of the French] 
 24 February 1848 – 26 August 1850 His Majesty King Louis Philippe.

References 

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1773 births
1850 deaths
People from Paris
House of Orléans
Dukes and Duchesses of Valois
Dukes and Duchesses of Chartres
Dukes and Duchesses of Orléans
Dukes and Duchesses of Nemours
Dukes and Duchesses of Montpensier
Kings and Queens of France
Mineral Point is a city in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The city is located within the Town of Mineral Point. Mineral Point is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. This is Wisconsin's third oldest city. Mineral Point was settled in 1827. The population was 2,487 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
 City of Mineral Point official website

Cities in Wisconsin
Iowa County, Wisconsin
1827 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Michigan Territory
The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was an American manufacturer of steam-engine cars. The company was founded in 1898 and incorporated in 1901. The cars made by the company were called Stanley Steamers. They were produced from 1896 to 1924. In the early 1900s steam was used to power locomotives, steamships, even sewing machines. It seemed natural that steam could power cars. Of all the steam driven cars made in the early 20th century, the Stanley Steamer was the best-known and most popular. Today Stanley Steamers are rare automobiles and hard to find outside of museums and a few car collections.

Early history
Early history

Twins Francis E. Stanley and Freelan O. Stanley were the co-inventors of the Stanley Steamer automobile. Freelan was a teacher and high school principal. Francis was also a teacher, but left teaching in 1874 to become a photographer. In 1885 they both left their jobs and started a company to make photographic plates for photographers. they sold their shop four years later when they moved to Watertown, Massachusetts. They started another photographic plate business, but sold it to Eastman Kodak in 1904. The brothers had become interested in making cars and wanted to do that full time.
Building steam cars 
 
Many inventors were working on making cars during this time. The Stanley brothers built their first two cars as a hobby. In 1898 they brought their cars to the first Auto show in the US held in Boston. Cars from the US and Europe were on exhibition. There was also an outdoor competition. Their Stanley Steamers were faster and could climb hills much better than other cars. No gasoline engined car could climb the 15% grade. A Whitney steam car nearly climbed the 20% grade. The Stanley steamer easily climbed the 30% grade.
With the money from the sale of their company to Eastman Kodak, they began making steam cars. In 1899, they produced and sold over 200 cars, more than any other U.S. maker. In 1899, Freelan and his wife Flora drove one of these cars to the top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. The ascent took more than two hours and was notable as being the first time a car had climbed the  long Mount Washington Carriage Road; the descent was accomplished by putting the engine in low gear and using the car's brakes. The twins later sold the rights to this early design to Locomobile, and in 1902 they formed the Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
Stanley licensed their designs to several other motor car companies. The White Motor Company was one who used the Stanley design and continued to produce steam cars until 1912. Stanley was the last manufacturer of steam powered cars. As the internal combustion engine designs improved, steam and electric cars lost much of their popularity. The numbers of cars sold went down to less than 600 a year in 1918. That year the Stanley brothers sold the company to Prescott Warren, a Chicago businessman. Francis  Stanley died in an automobile accident later the same year (1918). His brother Freelan opened a hotel in Colorado called The Stanley Hotel. He lived to be 91 years old. Stanley Steamers were made until 1924.
Early Stanley cars had bodies made of wood. The bodies were attached to steel frames by leaf springs. Later bodies were made of aluminum. A Kerosene burner heated a drum-shaped boiler. The boiler stored steam. The driver controlled the steam going to the engine by a throttle. There was no need for a transmission. Starting a Stanley in the morning would wake everyone who lived nearby. It sounded like a steam locomotive, hissing and chugging. It was very hard to steal a Stanley Steamer. It took 20 minutes to gather enough steam before it could move. Once it was moving it seemed to have unlimited power. An early Stanley Steamer was capable of 75 miles per hour. In 1906 a Stanley Steamer broke the land speed record at 127 miles per hour in Florida. To operate a Stanley Steamer, the driver had to watch a number of gauges. There were 13 handles, pumps and valves to adjust. They carried only a small amount of water due to its weight. The car could only go about 40 miles before it had to add water
. The kerosene burner was known to cause fires. The easier to operate gasoline powered internal combustion engine caused the steam car to become obsolete.
Related pages 

 Steam car
 Steam engine
 Ford Model T
 Horseless carriage

References

Other websites 
 Stanley Steamers
 Museum web page on the Stanley Steamers in Kingfield, Maine
 Stanley Steamer – Technical Information
 World's largest active collection of Stanley Steamers
 Stanley Register Online – Worldwide register of existing Stanley steam cars
 Videos: Stanley Steamers driven and explained by Jay Leno

1902 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Massachusetts
1924 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Massachusetts
American automobile companies
Companies based in Massachusetts
Arthur Hiller Penn (September 27, 1922 – September 28, 2010) was an American director and producer for movies and television. He directed many movies that got high marks in the 1960s, such as The Chase and Bonnie and Clyde.
He returned to stage and television producing and directing in the 1990s.

Penn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died in New York City at age 88 from congestive heart failure.

References

Movie producers from Pennsylvania
Movie directors from Pennsylvania
American television directors
American television producers
Deaths from congestive heart failure
1922 births
2010 deaths
Paweł Marek Huelle (born 10 September 1957) is a Polish author, critic, journalist and university lecturer.  He was born in Gdańsk, Poland.

Career 
Huelle studied philology (language) at Gdańsk University.  After that, he was the press secretary for Solidarity (Solidarnosc). He also taught various subjects at schools in Gdansk at the same time. Later he worked as the director of the Gdańsk Polish Television Center.

His first novel was Weiser Dawidek. It was published in 1987. It made him famous in Poland. It is about five young friends in Gdańsk. Polish literary critics called it a masterpiece and the most important Polish literary work of the decade. "Once one begins reading Weiser Dawidek, the book can hardly be put down. Like Opowiadania, it is written with undeniably great talent." Huelle was the Polish winner of the Samuel-Bogumil-Linde-Preis for 2005.