Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Tomb Raider: The Last Revelation is an action-adventure video game developed by Core Design and published by Eidos Interactive. It first released for PlayStation and Microsoft Windows in 1999, then on Dreamcast and Mac OS the following year. It is the fourth instalment in the Tomb Raider series. The plot follows archaeologist-adventurer Lara Croft as she must hurry to imprison the Egyptian god Set after accidentally setting him free.

1999 video games
3D platform games
Adventure games
Dreamcast games
MacOS games
Platform games
PlayStation games
Video game sequels
Windows games
A fractionating column is a device often used in chemistry to separate low-boiling point liquids from high-boiling point liquids during fractional distillation. A large outdoor fractionating column is a fractionating tower.

Laboratory techniques
Laboratory equipment
Chemistry
Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt of bismuth, in the 3+ oxidation state, and the nitrate anion. Its chemical formula is Bi(NO3)3.

Bismuth compounds
Nitrogen compounds
Fairview is a city in Brown County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 260 people lived there.

History 
Fairview was founded in 1872. It was named for its scenic setting.

Geography 
Fairview is at  (39.839885, -95.727369).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Demographics

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 260 people, 130 households, and 71 families living in the city.

Notable people 
 David Floyd Lambertson, former United States Ambassador and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in Southeast Asia
 William P. Lambertson, U.S. Representative from Kansas
 Bernard W. Rogers, former Supreme Allied Commander Europe (NATO)

References

Other websites 
City
 City of Fairview
 
Schools
 USD 415, local school district
Maps
 Fairview City Map, KDOT

Cities in Brown County, Kansas
1872 establishments in Kansas
Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 20,747 people lived there. Its county seat is Waynesboro.

References 

1800s establishments in Mississippi Territory
1809 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Panola County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 34,707 people lived there. Its county seats are Sardis and Batesville.

References 

1836 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Pearl River County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 55,834 people lived there. Its county seat is Poplarville. It used to be called Hancock County.

References 

19th-century establishments in Mississippi
1890 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Pike County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 40,404 people lived there. Its county seat is Magnolia.

References 

1810s establishments in Mississippi Territory
1815 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Morrill is a city in Brown County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 230 people lived there.

History 
Morrill was planned out in 1878 when the St. Joseph and Western Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Kansas governor Edmund Needham Morrill, the 13th Governor of Kansas.

Geography 
Morrill is at  (39.929879, -95.694498).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Demographics

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 230 people, 88 households, and 66 families living in the city.

Education 
Morrill is served by USD 113 Prairie Hills.

Morrill High School was closed through school unification. The Morrill High School mascot was Tigers.

Notable people 
 Howard Shultz Miller, former U.S. Representative from Kansas.

References

Other websites 
City
 Morrill - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 113, local school district
Maps
 Morrill City Map, KDOT

Cities in Brown County, Kansas
Saint-Livres (or Saint Livers in English) is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website
La Rogivue was an independent municipality in Vaud, Switzerland. On 1 January 2003, it became part of the municipality Maracon.

Former municipalities of Vaud
Villages in Vaud
Lavigny is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website
Malapalud was a municipality in Echallens in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality Assens.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities of Vaud
Mosnang is a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Mosnang Online Official website
Oberhelfenschwil is a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website
Montherod is a municipality in Morges in the Swiss canton of Vaud.

References

Other websites
The Guam kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus) is a reddish-orange bird in the kingfisher family, having blue wings and being about the same size as a North American robin. The only known Guam kingfishers left on Earth seem to live in captivity, with a breeding program having been established. There are an estimated 140 Guam kingfishers left. The Guam kingfisher is one of two subspecies, the other being the now-extinct Micronesian kingfisher.

References 

Coraciiformes
Birds of Oceania
Haramosh Peak  is a  mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. Skil Brum is part of the Rakaposhi-Haramosh subrange. It is the 68th highest mountain in the world.

The first people to reach the top were an Austrian expedition, in 1958.

References 

Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan
Karakoram
Uranyl nitrate is a salt of the cation uranyl, and the nitrate anion. Its formula is UO2(NO3)2. Chemists make it by mixing uranium salts with nitric acid. Uranyl nitrate dissolves in some solvents, like water and ethanol.

Oxygen compounds
Nitrogen compounds
Acetone peroxide (also called APEX) is a very explosive and dangerous chemical compound. It is often seen as a dimer or trimer. This means that the molecules of acetone peroxide are connected to each other two or three times.

Usage 
Acetone peroxide does not see much use in armies around the world, because it does not last very long. It only lasts around 10 days. However, it is very popular among terrorist groups, because it is cheap to make and very energetic. It is also one of the few explosives that do not contain nitrogen, making it hard to find.

Organic compounds
Oxygen compounds
A metric ton is a unit of measurement for mass. It is equal to 1000 kilograms, or one megagram (one million grams). When people talk about a ton, in countries which use the SI system of units, they mean the metric ton. The metric ton is usually abbreviated to t.

Related pages 
 Short ton
 Long ton

Units of mass
An electric match is a device that uses electricity to ignite a flammable compound. Usually, it is made of two wires. When an electric  current is applied to the two wires, they will ignite the compound. Electric matches are used when it is important to know the exact time at which the compound catches fire. Example uses include airbags, pyrotechnic devices (fireworks) and explosives. 

Because they can be used to ignite explosives, some countries have trade restrictions on electric matches.

Electricity
Fire
Pyrotechnics
Boyolali () is a regency () in the east part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Boyolali.

Other websites
  Official website

References

Subdivisions of Indonesia
Henri Biancheri (30 July 1932 – 1 December 2019) was a French footballer player and sports executive. He played midfielder for 14 seasons including seven at AS Monaco FC. After he retired as a player, he became a commercial director at Adidas from 1966 to 1986.

Biancheri died on 1 December 2019 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Profile
 Profile

1932 births
2019 deaths
Sportspeople from Marseille
Footballers from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur‎
Shelley Morrison (born Rachel Mitrani, also known as Rachel Domínguez; October 26, 1936 – December 1, 2019) was an American actress. Her best known role was Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy television series Will & Grace. She also had a recurring role in the soap opera General Hospital in 1982.

Morrison died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on December 1, 2019 of heart failure, aged 83.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is a non-profit, tertiary 886-bed hospital and academic health science center. It is located in Beverly Grove in the Mid-City West area of Los Angeles, California. The hospital has a staff of over 2,000 physicians and 10,000 employees.

References

Hospitals in the United States
Paul David Sirba (September 2, 1960 – December 1, 2019) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was bishop of the Diocese of Duluth, Minnesota from 2009 until his death. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Sirba died on December 1, 2019 in Duluth, Minnesota of a heart attack at the age of 59.

References

1960 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American Roman Catholic bishops
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Patrick Joseph Sullivan (January 18, 1950 – December 1, 2019) was an American football player and coach. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1971. He then played six seasons in the National Football League  (NFL) with the Atlanta Falcons and Washington Redskins.  

Sullivan was a head football coach at Samford University, from 2007 to 2014.  He was the head football coach at Texas Christian University (TCU) from 1992 to 1997 and the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) from 1999 to 2006.  

Sullivan was added into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1991.

Sullivan died on December 1, 2019 at his Birmingham, Alabama home from throat cancer-related problems, aged 69.

References

1950 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
American football quarterbacks
American football coaches
Atlanta Falcons players
Washington Redskins players
Sportspeople from Birmingham, Alabama
Brian Tierney  (May 7, 1922 – November 30, 2019) was an English historian and a medievalist. He was a member of the faculty of the Catholic University of America for eight years until becoming professor of medieval history at Cornell University in 1959, becoming the Goldwin Smith Professor of Medieval History in 1969. He was the first Bowmar Professor of Humanistic Studies in 1977.

Tierney was born in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire. He died on November 30, 2019 at his home in Ithaca, New York at the age of 97.

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
English historians
Writers from Lincolnshire
Cornell University faculty
North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in Lincolnshire, England, with a population of 167,446 at the 2011 census. There are three major towns: Scunthorpe, the administrative centre, Brigg and Barton-upon-Humber.

References

Settlements in Lincolnshire
Milagrosa Tan (1957/1958 – 30 November 2019) was a Filipina politician. She was the Governor of Samar from 2001 through 2010 and again from June 2019 through her death. She was the first female governor of the province. She was a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines.

Tan died at a hospital in Taguig from cardiac arrest on 30 November 2019, aged 61.

References

Other websites
Province of Samar  

1950s births
2019 deaths
Filipino politicians
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Harold Joseph Rahm (February 22, 1919 – November 30, 2019) was a Catholic priest and Jesuit. He was well known for his work with gangs and inner-city youth in El Paso, Texas. From there he went to Campinas, Brazil, where he worked at prevention and treatment of drug addiction.

Rahm died on November 30, 2019 in Campinas, Brazil at the age of 100.

References

Other websites
 Padre Haroldo Institute
 Christian Leadership Training 
 Blog
 TLC Campinas 

1919 births
2019 deaths
American centenarians
American Jesuits
Humanitarians
Brazilian Roman Catholic priests
Petr Málek (; 26 November 1961 in Moravský Krumlov – 30 November 2019 in Kuwait) was a Czech sport shooter. He won the Silver Medal in skeet at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. He was Cyprus coach 2002–2008 and later a private coach.

References

1961 births
2019 deaths
Czech Olympic silver medalists
Sport shooters
Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons (14 January 1943 – 30 November/1 December 2019) was a Latvian-Russian conductor. Jansons was seen as one of the world's top living conductors. He was best known for his versions of Mahler, Strauss and Russian composers such as Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff and Shostakovich.

He worked for the Oslo Philharmonic, where he was music director from 1979 to 2000. He also directed the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from 1997 to 2004, the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra from 2003 until his death, and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra from 2004 to 2015.

Jansons died either late on 30 November or during the early hours of 1 December 2019 in Saint Petersburg, Russia from cardiovascular disease, aged 76.

Notes

References

1943 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Russian conductors
Latvian writers
Latvian conductors
Sir Michael Eliot Howard  (29 November 1922 – 30 November 2019) was a British military historian.

He was a Professor of the History of War, Honorary Fellow of All Souls College, Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University, Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University and founder of the Department of War Studies King's College London. 

In 1958, he co-founded the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Howard was called by Financial Times as "Britain's greatest living historian".

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
English historians
Writers from Dorset
Irving Louis Burgie (July 28, 1924 – November 29, 2019), also known as  Lord Burgess, was an American songwriter. He was known as "one of the greatest composers of Caribbean music". Burgie was born in Brooklyn. He wrote 34 songs for Harry Belafonte, including eight of the 11 songs on the Belafonte album Calypso (1956),  the first album of any kind to sell one million copies. Burgie also wrote the lyrics of the National Anthem of Barbados. 

Burgie died on November 29, 2019 in Queens of heart failure at the age of 95.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American songwriters
Writers from New York City
Martin Edward Dempsey  (born March 14, 1952), sometimes known as Marty Dempsey, is a retired United States Army general. He was the 18th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 1, 2011 until September 25, 2015. He was the 37th Chief of Staff of the Army from April 11, 2011 to September 7, 2011. He retired on September 25, 2015. 

He now is a professor at Duke University and as a chairman of USA Basketball.

References

1952 births
Living people
American generals
Educators from New Jersey
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Military people from New Jersey
Thomas Kenrick Kavanagh (12 December 1923 — 26 November 2019) was an Australian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and racecar driver. He was born in Melbourne. In 1952, Kavanagh became the first Australian to win a motorcycle Grand Prix race when he won the 350cc Ulster Grand Prix.

Kavanagh died in Bergamo, Italy on 26 November 2019 at the age of 95.

References

1923 births
2019 deaths
Sportspeople from Melbourne
The United States Commissioner of Food and Drugs is the head of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The commissioner is appointed by the President of the United States with confirmation of the Senate. The commissioner reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

List of commissioners
Unnumbered, colored rows indicate acting commissioners.

References

United States Department of Health and Human Services
Frank Edward Young (September 1, 1931 – November 24, 2019) was an American physician. He was Commissioner of Food and Drugs from 1984 to 1989 and later as a Deputy Assistant Secretary in the United States Department of Health and Human Services during the Ronald Reagan presidency.   

Young died of lymphoma on November 24, 2019, in Wilmington, North Carolina at age 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
American physicians
Commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration
Scientists from New York (state)
Mineola is a village in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 18,799 at the 2010 census. The name Mineola is Algonquin for "pleasant village".

References

Villages in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Wayne Shorter (August 25, 1933 – March 2, 2023) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.

In the 1960s, he joined Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet, and from there he co-founded the jazz fusion band Weather Report. He has recorded over 20 albums as a bandleader.

Shorter has won 11 Grammy Awards. The New York Times called Shorter in 2008 as "probably jazz's greatest living small-group composer and a contender for greatest living improviser." 

In 2017, he was awarded the Polar Music Prize.
Shorter died in Los Angeles, California, on March 2, 2023, at the age of 89.

References

1933 births
2023 deaths
American saxophonists
American jazz musicians
American composers
Musicians from Newark, New Jersey
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Thelma Colbert Schoonmaker (born January 3, 1940) is an Algerian-born American movie editor. She is known for working with director Martin Scorsese for over fifty years.

She started working with Scorsese on his first movie Who's That Knocking at My Door (1967), and edited all of Scorsese's movies since Raging Bull (1980). Schoonmaker has received seven Academy Award nominations for Best Film Editing, and has won three times—for Raging Bull (1980), The Aviator (2004), and The Departed (2006).

References

Other websites
 

Academy Award winning editors
BAFTA Award winners
1940 births
Living people
American editors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Algiers
Ronald Hawkins, OC, (January 10, 1935 – May 29, 2022) was an American-Canadian rock and roll singer-songwriter. He was born in Huntsville, Arkansas but his career was based in Toronto, Ontario. He was known as an important singer for the Canadian rock genre scene.

His hit songs included covers of Chuck Berry's "Thirty Days" (entitled "Forty Days" by Hawkins) and Young Jessie's "Mary Lou", a song about a "gold-digging woman". Other well-known recordings are "Who Do You Love?", "Hey Bo Diddley", and "Susie Q".

Hawkins died on May 29, 2022 from pancreatic cancer in Peterborough, Ontario at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

Official Home Page
Ronnie Hawkins and the Hawks

(Video) 2005.12.17 Ronnie Hawkins Playing Bo Diddley on Canada Jams at Massey Hall (Toronto, Ontario)
1935 births
2022 deaths
American singer-songwriters
American rock singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Canadian rock singers
Writers from Arkansas
Singers from Arkansas
Writers from Toronto
Singers from Toronto
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
In the UK, a public health observatory (PHO) is a public health and 
wellness project. On 1 April 2013, the regional Public Health Observatories (PHOs) transferred along with the specialist observatories and the National Cancer Intelligence Network into Public Health England (PHE). 

PHO uses the word observatory, from astronomy, to show objectivity in measuring well-being.

Public health, environmental health, diet, recreation, outdoor education, exercise and other concerns are explored by most public health observatories.

The London Health Observatory pioneered methods in measuring social capital and how this affects healing and health in general.

There was a network of public health observatories, one in each of the nine regions in England. There are health observatories in Wales , Scotland and Ireland.
The Association of Public Health Observatories (APHO) represented the network of public health observatories across the UK and Ireland. It became part of Public Health England, along with all the English observatories except Lincolnshire on 1 April 2013. The Lincolnshire observatory continues with the support of the County Council.

References

Other websites 
Association of Public Health Observatories
West Midlands Public Health Observatory
East Midlands Public Health Observatory 
London Health Observatory
North East Public Health Observatory 
South West Public Health Observatory
South East Public Health Observatory
National Obesity Observatory
ChiMat 
Injury Observatory for Britain and Ireland
Mental Health Observatory 
Lincolnshire Research Observatory

Medical and health organisations in the United Kingdom
Observatories
Organisations based in England
Health in the United Kingdom
Sophie Wilmès (; born 15 January 1975) is a Belgian politician. From October 2019 to October  2020, she was Prime Minister of Belgium. She was the first female head of government of Belgium  and is of Jewish descent.

She left politics for personal reasons in July 2022.

References

1975 births
Living people
Belgian Jews
Flemish politicians
Government ministers of Belgium
Jewish politicians
Reformist Movement politicians
People from Brussels-Capital Region
Prime Ministers of Belgium
Sentinel () is a 16m high sculpture by Tim Tolkien. It is on Spitfire Island, a roundabout at the intersection of the Chester Road and the A47 Fort Parkway at the entrance to the Castle Vale estate in Birmingham.

It is near Junction 5 of the M6 motorway and the Jaguar car factory. This used to be the Castle Bromwich aircraft factory. It shows three Spitfires peeling off up into the air in different directions. The half-scale Spitfires are made of aluminium, with curving steel supporting beams which act as vapour trails. It captures the dynamics of the Spitfire in flight and commemorates the nearby Castle Bromwich factory where most of Britain's wartime Spitfires were built.
History
The project began in 1997. The project has won awards. The project was part of the regeneration of the Castle Vale estate. It was funded by the National Lottery. Tolkien was appointed as artist in residence. He consulted local residents about an art feature. They liked the area's links to World War II aircraft. They would like a sculpture with Spitfires. The sculpture was opened on 14 November 2000. The sculptor is the great-nephew of J. R. R. Tolkien who was the author of The Lord of the Rings, and who grew up in Birmingham.

The main commercial sponsors of the spitfire sculpture were from Jaguar, Rubery Owen Holdings and Cincinnati. Both Cincinnati and Rubery Owen Holdings made parts for the Spitfires. They were put together at the Castle Bromwich Spitfire and Avro Lancaster bomber factory. This is the factory where Jaguar cars are now made.
The Castle Bromwich Aerodrome Factory was built in 1940 to produce planes for the war effort. About 12,000 Spitfires were made there from 1940 to 1945. Over 37,000 test flights were made from Castle Bromwich Aerodrome. The completed planes were towed across the road from the factory to the Aerodrome. The sculpture was unveiled by Alex Henshaw. He was the Chief Test Pilot for spitfires.

The aerodrome site is now the Castle Vale estate.

References

Other websites 

Sentinel Spitfire website 
Sentinel - a Spitfire sculpture
Google Maps Street View of the Sculpture

2000 works
Buildings and structures in Birmingham
Sculptures
Patrick Pinney (born June 30, 1952) is an American actor and voice actor.

Filmography

Movies

TV shows

References

Other websites 
 
 http://www.patpinney.com/ 

1952 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American voice actors
American video game actors
Fitzhugh Mullan (July 22, 1942 – November 29, 2019) was an American physician, writer, educator, and social activist. He worked in the founding of the Student Health Organization, the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, Seed Global Health, and the Beyond Flexner Alliance. 

Mullan was a professor of Health Policy and Management and of Pediatrics at the George Washington University and the George Washington University Health Workforce Institute. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine. He was born in New York City. 

Mullan died on November 29, 2019 in Bethesda, Maryland of lung cancer at the age of 77.

References

1942 births
2019 deaths
American physicians
American activists
George Washington University faculty
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Lil Bub, officially Lil BUB (June 21, 2011 – December 1, 2019), was an American celebrity cat. She was known for her unique physical appearance. Her owner, Mike Bridavsky, adopted her when his friends called to ask him to give her a home. Her photos were first posted to Tumblr in November 2011, before being taken off after being featured on the social news website Reddit. 

"Lil Bub" on Facebook has over three million likes. Lil Bub stars in Lil Bub & Friendz, a documentary premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 18, 2013, that won the Tribeca Online Festival Best Feature Film.

Lil Bub died of a bone infection on December 1, 2019 at the age of 8, which lead to a overwhelming degree of sorrow over her death on social media.

References

2011 births
2019 deaths
Individual cats
Internet celebrity animals
Kelly Lynn Loeffler (; born November 27, 1970) is an American businesswoman, political donor and politician. Loeffler was the United States Senator from Georgia from January 6, 2020 to January 20, 2021. Before becoming senator, she had no political experience. She is a member of the Republican Party. She lost her re-election bid on January 5, 2021 to Raphael Warnock.

She was the chief executive officer of Bakkt and the part-owner of the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association.

On November 27, 2019 Governor Brian Kemp's said that Loeffler was his top pick to replace Senator Johnny Isakson. Kemp formally picked Loeffler as his senate pick.

Loeffler is very wealthy and was one of the wealthiest members of the United States Senate.

Early life
Kelly was born on November 27, 1970, in Bloomington, Illinois. She was raised on the family farm in Stanford, Illinois.
Business career
According to the non-partisan Center for Responsive Politics, Loeffler and her husband have donated 3.2 million  dollars to political committees. While the majority of these donations have gone to the Republican Party, some donations have gone to Democrats, including Representative David Scott (GA–13), a Democrat, who received $10,200. Loeffler donated $750,000 to Restore Our Future, a Super PAC supporting former Governor Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign. The National Republican Senatorial Committee received $247,500 from Loeffler and her husband.

Loeffler first considered running for office in 2014. She briefly expressed interest in seeking the Republican nomination in the 2014 United States Senate election in Georgia but ultimately passed on the race because of Intercontinental Exchange's pending acquisition with the New York Stock Exchange.
Personal life 
In 2004, Loeffler, then 34, married businessman Jeffrey Spreecher. Spreecher is 15 years older than Loeffler. They have no children.

References

1970 births
Living people
United States senators from Georgia
Politicians from Chicago
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
DePaul University alumni
People from Bloomington, Illinois
Aktobe (; ) is a city in Kazakhstan. In 2020, it had a population of 500,757 people.

References 

Cities and towns in Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region
Ivan Drago (Russian: Иван Драго) is a fictional Soviet Russian boxer created and played by Dolph Lundgren. He first appeared in the 1985 movie Rocky IV opposite Sylvester Stallone as the main antagonist, and in the 2018 movie Creed II as a protagonist to his son Viktor.

Fictional characters introduced in 1985
Fictional murderers
Movie characters
North Sulawesi () is a province of Indonesia.  It is on the northeastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi. This is called the Minahasa Peninsula. The province is south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. The Maluku Sea is to the east, the Gorontalo and Celebes Sea is to the west, and the Gulf of Tomini is to the southwest. The province's area is 13851.64 sq.km, and its population was 2,270,596 at the 2010 census;

The province's capital, business center, and largest city is Manado. Other major towns are Tomohon and Bitung. There are many tall mountains from  high. The province is a young volcanic region. There are many eruptions and active volcanic cones.
In the past, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and the Kingdoms around this area fought over the riches in North Sulawesi such as spices, rice and gold. The region was also  the trading route between west and east and this helped the spread of Christianity, Islam, and other religions. The Portuguese first landed in the 16th century. The Spanish and the Dutch came and the Portuguese fought them. Finally, the Dutch got control in the 17th century. The Dutch ruled the area for three centuries until the Japanese came at the start of World War II. After the Japanese lost WWII in 1945, the Dutch controlled the area again for a short time. They left in 1949. , following the Round Table Conference, in which the Dutch recognized the newly created United States of Indonesia (RIS). So, North Sulawesi became part of the territory of the State of East Indonesia (NIT). The people did not like NIT, so it became part of the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. At first, the island of Sulawesi was one single province
. Soon it separated into several different provinces. So, the province of North Sulawesi started on 14 August 1959.
Name
The area around North Sulawesi used to be called Minahasa. The name is still used sometimes. The word Minahasa comes from the words Mina-Esa (Minaesa) or Maesa which means being one or uniting  This name shows hope to unite the ethnic groups of the area including the: Tontemboan, Tombulu, Tonsea, Tolour (Tondano), Tonsawang, Ponosakan, Pasan, and Bantik. The word "Minahasa" was first used by J.D. Schierstein, the Dutch regent of Manado, in his report to the Governor of Maluku on 8 October 1789.

History

Pre-historic
Archaeological research has revealed signs of human life in North Sulawesi since 30,000 years ago, based on evidence in the cave Liang Sarru on the island of Salibabu. Other evidence shows life about 6,000 years ago on the Passo Hillside Site in Kakas District and 4,000 years ago to early AD at the Liang Tuo Mane'e cave in Arangkaa on Karakelang Island.

Early period
Early period

Colonial Period
At the end of the 16th century, Portuguese and Spanish arrived in North Sulawesi. The Portugal was the first western nation to arrive in North Sulawesi. A Portuguese ship landed at Manado The Sultanate of Maguindanao controlled the northern islands at that time. The Portuguese built the fort at Amurang.

The Spanish ship docked on the island of Talaud and Siau, on to Ternate.  Spain built the Fort in Manado, since then Minahasa started in control of Spain. The resistance against the Spanish occupation culminated in 1660–1664.
The Dutch ship landed in Manado City in 1660 in assisting the struggle of the Minahasa Confederation against Spain. The United Nations republican association of members of the Minahasa Confederation entered into a Trade Agreement with the VOC. This trade cooperation agreement then made the VOC monopolize the trade, which gradually began to impose its will, eventually leading to the 1700s resistance in Ratahan which culminated in the Dutch Minahasa-War in 1809–1811 at Tondano.

The Spanish had already colonized the Philippine Islands. They made Minahasa a coffee plantation. Spain made Manado a center of coffee trade for Chinese merchants. Some Minahasan tribes helped Spain capture the Portuguese fort at Amurang in the 1550s. The Spanish colonists then built the fort in Manado. Finally, Spain controlled all Minahasa.
By the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch had overthrown the sultanate of Ternate. They began to reduce the power of Spain and Portugal in the archipelago. In 1677 the Dutch conquered the Sangir archipelago. Two years later, Robert Padtbrugge, the governor of Maluku, visited Manado. He made an agreement with the Minahasan chiefs. This let the Dutch dominate for the next 300 years. However, direct rule by the Dutch only began in 1870. The Dutch helped unite the Minahasa confederation. In 1693 the Minahnians won a military victory against the Mongondow tribe in the south. Dutch influence increased and Christianity and European culture grew in Minahasa. The missionary schools in Manado in 1881 were one of the first attempts of mass education in Indonesia. Graduates of the schools could find work as civil servants, in the army, and in the Dutch East Indies government. Minahasa relations with the Dutch were often poor. There was a war between the Dutch and Tondano in 1807 and 1809
. The Minahasa territory was not under Dutch direct rule until 1870. But eventually the Dutch and Minahasa became very close. So, Minahasa was often called the 12th Dutch province. Even in 1947, Manado formed the political movement of Twapro, short for Twaalfde Profincie (Twelfth Province) who wanted formal integration of Minahasa into the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Independence
The Japanese occupied the area from 1942 to 1945.  was a period of deprivation, and the allied forces bombed Manado greatly in 1945. During the period of independence thereafter, there was a split between pro-Indonesian and pro-Dutch Minahasa. The appointment of Sam Ratulangi as the first East Indonesia governor then succeeded in winning Minahasa support to the Republic of Indonesia. After Indonesian independence, Indonesia is divided into 8 Provinces, and Sulawesi is one of these provinces. Sulawesi's first governor was S.G.J.Ratulangi, also known as a national hero. In 1948 in Sulawesi was formed the State of East Indonesia, which later became one of the states within the United States of Indonesia. The State of East Indonesia was dissolved, and merged into the Republic of Indonesia. Based on Law Number 13 Year 1964, formed North Sulawesi Province. 14 August 1959 was designated as the anniversary of the province.
The possibility of foreign intervention prompted the central government to request military assistance from southern Sulawesi. The Permesta forces were later removed from Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Sangir, and Morotai in Maluku. Permesta planes (supplied by the US and flown by Philippine, Taiwanese, and American Pilots) were destroyed. The US then moved on, and in June 1958 the central government army landed in Minahasa. The Permesta uprising ended in mid-1961.

The Sumatra and Sulawesi rebellions failed. They even helped to create what they did not want as the center reacted to the threat of rebellion. The central government authority increased while regional autonomy became weaker. Radical nationalism became stronger. Communist party power and Sukarno's power increased while Hatta weakened. Sukarno finally established guided democracy in 1958.

Since the 1998 reforms, the Indonesian government has begun to adopt laws that enhance regional autonomy, the main idea that Permesta fights for.

Environment
Environment

Climate
The climate of North Sulawesi is tropical with muzon winds. The West winds bring rain to the north coast from November to April. It changes to a dry south wind from May to October. Annual rainfall is from 2000 to 3000 mm. There are about 90–140 rainy days. Temperatures average 25 degrees Celsius. The average maximum air temperature was recorded at 30 degrees Celsius and the minimum average air temperature was 22.1 degrees Celsius.

Geography
The province of North Sulawesi is in the northern peninsula of Sulawesi Island. It is one of three provinces in Indonesia in important places on the Pacific Rim. The other two provinces are North Sumatra and Aceh Special Region. North Sulawesi is near the equator at 0.30–4.30 North Latitude (Lu) and 121–127 East Longitude (BT). The peninsula stretches from east to west. The Sangihe and Talaud Islands are the parts of the province farthest north. These are North Sulawesi's boundaries:
Most of mainland North Sulawesi Province is mountains and hills with valleys in between. Some mountains in North Sulawesi are Mount Klabat (1,895 m) in North Minahasa, Mount Lokon (1,579 m), Mount Mahawu (1,331 m) in Tomohon, Mount Soputan (1,789 m) in Southeast Minahasa, Mount Dua Saudara (1,468 m) in Bitung, Mount Awu (1,784), Mount Space (1,245 m), Mount Karangketang (1,320 m), Mount Dalage (1,165 m), in Sangihe and Talaud, Mount Ambang (1,689 m), Mount Gambula (1954 m) and Mount Batu Balawan (1,970 m).

The two largest lakes are: Lake Tondano (area of 4,278 ha) in Minahasa and Lake Moat (area 617 ha) in East Bolaang Mongondow. The main rivers are Tondano River (40 km), Poigar River (54.2 km), Ranoyapo River (51.9 km), Talawaan River (34.8 km) in Minahasa. Dumoga River (87.2 km), Sangkub River (53.6 km), and Ongkaw River (42.1 km) are in Bolmong and Bolmut.
Along the coast of North Sulawesi, both on the mainland coast and on the coast of the islands, there are several headlands and bays. The soil in the area was fertile for agriculture.

Plants and Animals
Most of the plants and animals in North Sulawesi are like those in other parts of Indonesia. But, there are some animals in the province such as Deer, Maleo, Taong, Mini Tarsius Spectrum in Bitung City Nature Reserve And Coelacanth off the coast of Manado.

In the sea off North Sulawesi, there are several species of fish, coral, and plankton. Some marine fish are important sources of foreign exchange, including: tuna, skipjack, yellow tail, lobster, and others.

Much of North Sulawesi is forest. Forests start at sea level and may continue to mountain tops. Good quality timber, including ebony (wooden) iron wood, linggua, cempaka, wooden nantu, gopasa, and meranti. There are also plantation crops such as coconut, nutmeg, and cloves.

People
People

North Sulawesi counted 2,270,596 people in the 2010 Census. The population was 1.41% higher than ten years before.  The largest ethnic groups are the Minahasan in the north of the province and the Mongondow to the south.  The province's main city is Manado (population of 432,300 in 2019). In 2010, about 68% were Christian. Christians in North Sulawesi are mostly Protestant but there are also some Catholics. This is unusual in mostly Muslim Indonesia. Dutch missionaries were very successful during the colonial time. Also, because the Muslim-majority region of Gorontalo left North Sulawesi to become the new Gorontalo (province) in 2000. Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist minorities also live in the province. Manado also has a significant Judaism community. Currently, the only synagogue in Indonesia is in Manado. There are an estimated 800 Jewish people in Manado.

Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups

Many groups of people live together in this province. The largest group of people are the Minahasa people. They mostly lived in Bitung City, Manado City, Tomohon City, Minahasa Regency, North Minahasa Regency, South Minahasa Regency and Southeast Minahasa Regency. Other ethnic groups are the Bolaang Mongondow, Sangihe, Talaud and Siau. Ethnicity in North Sulawesi is more heterogeneous then other parts of Indonesia. The Minahasan and Bolaang Mongondow are spread almost throughout the region of North Sulawesi mainland. The Sangihe, Talaud and Siau mostly inhabit the Sangihe Islands, Talaud Island, and Lembeh Island, especially in coastal areas north, east and west of mainland North Sulawesi. The Bajau people are seafaring nomads who has migrated from the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines, due to the conflict in Mindanao. They live in coastal villages of North Sulawesi in the northern part of North Minahasa Regency.
In addition to the natives, North Sulawesi is also home to migrants. There are a significant Chinese population in North Sulawesi, especially around the city of Manado. The Chinese are also one of the first people to have contact with the local people before the European came. According to the discovery of Chinese ancient letters in the Tompaso area, Minahasa shows the cultural interaction between the Chinese and Minahasa have existed since the Han dynasty. Most of the Chinese people in North Sulawesi are Hakka, but some Hokkien and Cantonese people also live there.

Other ethnic groups such as the Javanese and the Sundanese also exist. They are mostly migrated from where they come from due to the Transmigration program enacted by the Dutch during the colonial era until the Suharto era. They generally live in urban areas, such as Manado and Tomohon.
Language
North Sulawesi is a multilingual culture. Many languages are used and people usually speak at least two and often more languages. Indonesian is the official language of the province an other parts of Indonesia. Official documents from the provincial government and road signs are all written in Indonesian. However, most people in the province communicate everyday in Manado Malay. This language is like Indonesian but not the same. Minahasan people speak Minahasan languages. These are the five Minahasan languages in the area: Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Toulour, Tonsea and Tombulu. To the south, people speak Mongondow language and Gorontalo language. In the north islands near the Philippines, local people speak Visayan languages.
Other language in North Sulawesi are Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese. People from other parts of Indonesia speak these languages. Hakka is also spoken by some Chinese people in Manadao. Hokkien and Cantonese are also spoken. English and Mandarin are often understood where there are many tourists, such as the Bunaken National Park. Older people may understand Dutch and Portuguese. People who lived in islands near the Philippines may understand Tagalog.

Administrative divisions

North Sulawesi has eleven regencies () and four independent cities (). They are listed below.

References

Other websites
Thiệu Trị ([tʰiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]; 16 June, 1807 – 4 October, 1847), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông, was the third emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History. His reign prolonged 7 years, from 1841 until his death in 1847.

Biography 
Emperor Thiệu Trị was the eldest son of Emperor Minh Mạng; his mother was Empress Consort Tá Thiên Nhân (personal name Hồ Thị Hoa). He was born in Huế in 1807. Just 13 days after giving birth to Miên Tông, Empress Hồ Thị Hoa deceased, he was taken care by his grandmother, Empress Dowager Nhân Tuyên.

In 1830, Minh Mạng conferred Duke of Trường Khánh to Miên Tông. Thiệu Trị has many wifes and concubines, as well as children. The most famous wife of him was Empress Từ Dụ, mother of Tự Đức, the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty.

According to the recorded history, the eldest son of Thiệu Trị, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Bảo, didn't like studying at all. So he left the throne to his second son, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm (Emperor Tự Đức).

References 

1807 births
1847 deaths
Typhoon Kammuri (; Rōmaji: kanmuri), known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tisoy, was a powerful tropical cyclone. It made landfall in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. Kammuri developed into a low pressure system on November 23, 2019. By November 25, it was a tropical depression and it started to develop rainbands. As it developed into a Category 1-equivalent storm, Kammuri started heading towards the Philippines. Before landfall, Kammuri underwent rapid intensification and became a Category 4-equivalent. It made landfall on the Philippines near midnight on December 2, 2019.

Notes

Tropical cyclones in Asia
2019 Pacific typhoon season
2019 in Asia
2019 in weather
Retired tropical cyclone names
Võ Thị Viên (or Viện) (? – ?), was a royal concubine of Emperor Thiệu Trị of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History.

Biography 
Võ Thị Viên was born in Huế, was the daughter of Deputy's Bodyguard Võ Hữu Linh. Not known about her birth's year as well as her death's year. She served as a concubine for Thiệu Trị when he hadn't yet been crowned. Although her inferior position, She still received the special love from the Emperor Thiệu Trị much more than the other primary wifes of him. It can be seen that his fondness for this concubine was not because of his family background.

In 1841, Thiệu Trị crowned, lady Viên was granted the title Cung tần (Imperial maid). In 1843, she again was granted Tam giai Lương tần (Third-rank of Royal Concubine Lương tần), and in 1846, she was elevated to Nhất giai Lương phi (First-rank of Royal Concubine Lương phi).
Lương phi Võ Thị Viên, along with Đoan tần Trương Thị Thận (another concubine of Thiệu Trị), were two women that born most children for Thiệu Trị. She gave birth to 6 children:

 Prince of Gia Hưng, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Hưu (October 2, 1835 – May 9, 1885).
 Prince of An Phước, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Kiện (May 6, 1837 – July 15, 1895).
 Prince Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Bàng (June 30, 1838 – July 21, 1853), died young.
 Princess of Đồng Phú, Nguyễn Phúc Ý Phương (1840 – 1915).
 Prince Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Thụ (October 22, 1842 – August 26, 1843)
 Princess Nguyễn Phúc Minh Tư (1845), died prematurely.

It's unclear where Lương phi Võ Thị Viên was buried.

References 

Vietnamese people
Robert Kinloch Massie III (January 5, 1929 – December 2, 2019) was an American historian and biographer. His career focused on the history of the House of Romanov, Russia's imperial family from 1613 to 1917. He was born in Versailles, Kentucky. He won the 1981 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for Peter the Great: His Life and World. From 1987 to 1991, Massie was President of the Authors Guild, and he served as an ex officio council member.

Massie died of Alzheimer's disease-related problems on December 2, 2019 in Irvington, New York at the age of 90.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
1929 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in New York (state)
American historians
Writers from Kentucky
is a member of the Japanese imperial family.  

Fumihito was born in Imperial Household Hospital in Tokyo, He is the younger brother of Emperor Naruhito and the younger son of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko. 

He is the heir presumptive to the Chrysanthemum Throne. He has had the title  and has headed his own branch of the imperial family.

References

1965 births
Living people
Crown Princes and Princesses of Japan
People from Tokyo
Dieter "Quaster" Hertrampf (born 29 November 1944 in Berlin, Nazi Germany) is a German guitarist and singer. He is a founding member of the rock band Puhdys.

Life and career
Together with his parents and brother, Hertrampf grew up in Berlin-Friedrichshain. He still lives in Berlin. Hertrampf first learned guitar playing in 1959 by self-teaching himself. In 1960, he began training as a traffic draftsman and was also a member of a skiffle band. In 1961, he became a member of the Homedia Combo, before leaving the band after almost two years. He then played for a year with the band Dieter-Frank-Combo. In 1965, he was one of the founding members of the "Puhdys" with Peter Meyer, Udo Jacob and Harry Jeske. The "d" in the band name stands for "Dieter". He got his nickname "Quaster" from the other members of the band when he had trouble loading the The Shadows song Quartermaster's Store. Hertrampf began studying music at the Musikschule Friedrichshain and in 1968 joined the bands Gruppen Teisco-Quartett, Die Collins and the Uve Schikora Combo. After graduating from music school in 1969, he returned to the Puhdys, where he was lead guitarist and one of the singers until it ended in 2016
. He sang the popular song by the Puhdys called Alt wie ein Baum, which was released in 1977.