Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Darwin College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1964, and it was the first college to have both men and women as students. The college has about 650 students: they are all postgraduate since Darwin does not allow undergraduates. The name comes from the famous scientist Charles Darwin and his family.

Some very famous people have studied here, like Elizabeth Blackburn. She won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in medicine.

It is on the bank of River Cam opposite to Queens' College.

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1964 establishments in the United Kingdom
1960s establishments in England
Downing College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1800 and has around 650 students.

The name comes from Sir George Downing, who left money and land in his will to build a college when he died in 1749. However, not everyone in the family agreed with this. So, for many years until 1800 there were fights in courts until the judges decided that the will should be followed.

Some very famous people have studied at Downing College, like Quentin Blake, John Cleese and Thandie Newton.

Further reading 
Rawle, Tim, A Classical Adventure: The Architectural History of Downing College, Cambridge, Cantabrigia, Oxbridge Portfolio, 2015,

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Höðr (also written Hodhr, Hothr, Hothur, Hoder, Hodur, Hodor, Hodr) is the blind twin brother of Baldr and son of Odin and Frigg in Norse mythology.

He is shown as having his eyes closed or covering them completely. Höðr is associated as the god of winter and the cold as well as being the god of darkness, unlike his brother Baldr, who is god of light. The only source of information of him thus far is when he is seen as being manipulated and tricked by Loki, and therefore accidentally killing his brother Baldr by throwing a shaft of mistletoe and piercing him in the heart. Höðr's sworn enemy is Váli, who is born to avenge his brother's death by killing Höðr. It was said that after Ragnarök, Höðr and Baldr shall survive to rule alongside each other. 

 

Norse gods and goddesses
The Power Within is the fifth studio album by DragonForce. It was released on April 11, 2012 in Japan and on April 15, 2012 worldwide. It is the first album to have Mark Hudson on vocals.

Track listing

Personnel

Band members 
Marc Hudson – Vocals
Herman Li – Guitars, backing vocals, producing, mixing, engineering
Sam Totman – Guitars, backing vocals, producing, mixing
Vadim Pruzhanov – Keyboards, piano, theremin, Kaoss Pad, backing vocals
Dave Mackintosh – Drums, backing vocals
Frédéric Leclercq – Bass, backing vocals, additional guitars

Power metal
DragonForce
2008 albums
The John Hancock Tower, also called Hancock Place, The Hancock Tower, or The Hancock, is a 60-story, 790-foot (241 m) skyscraper in Boston. It was named for the John Hancock Insurance company. The tower was designed by Henry N. Cobb and was completed in 1976. It has been the tallest building in Boston for more than 30 years. It is also the tallest building in New England.

Its street address is 200 Clarendon Street. At first, John Hancock Insurance primarily used the building, but after 2004, some offices moved to a new building.

Architecture
The John Hancock Tower was designed in 1972. It is a glass monolith. It was made in the minimalist and the modernist skyscraper design.

The largest panes of glass possible were used. There are no spandrel panels, and very few mullions. The floor plan has a parallelogram shape. The window glass is tinted slightly blue.
History
The tower has an observation deck that was a famous attraction. However, the observation deck was closed after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

In 2006, Broadway Partners bought Hancock Place for $1.3 billion.  By 2009, they had defaulted on the loans they used to buy the building, and it was forclosed. On March 30, 2009, Hancock Place was sold at auction for $660 million to a consortium of "Normandy Real Estate Partners" and "Five Mile Capital Partners". In October 2010, Boston Properties bought the John Hancock Tower for $930 million.

The Hancock Tower was built by "John Hancock Insurance".

Notes

References
Oct. 15, 1973. "Those Window Pains" , TIME.
Harl P. Aldrich, James R. Lambrechts (Fall 1986). "Back Bay Boston, Part II: Groundwater Levels ", Civil Engineering Practice, Volume 1, Number 2.

Related pages
Related pages

John Hancock, for whom John Hancock Insurance was named
Prudential Tower for an image of the Boston skyline from Cambridge in 1963, with the old 26-story Hancock building a conspicuous landmark.

Other websites
 
library-towers John Hancock Tower
Architecture Week  When Bad Things Happen to Good Buildings
The Perfect Skyscraper The Perfect Skyscraper
Special Report on the Boston Globe; "The Hancock at 30" includes 4 audio slideshows
Globe Critic, Robert Campbell, on the problems of the John Hancock Tower
So, what should we call the John Hancock Tower now? (photos of construction)

Buildings and structures in Boston
Skyscrapers in the United States
I. M. Pei buildings
1969 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Massachusetts
The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC.

People
 Praxiteles
 Alexander the Great

Births
Theophrastus (; c. 371 – c. 287 BC), a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos, was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school.

He came to Athens at a young age and studied in Plato's school. After Plato's death, he attached himself to Aristotle. Aristotle left his writings to Theophrastus, and named Theophrastus the new leader of the Lyceum.

Theophrastus led the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years, during which time the school was very successful. He is often considered the "father of botany" for his works on plants. After his death, the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral. His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus.

370s BC births
280s BC deaths
Ancient Greek philosophers
JYJ (formerly known as Junsu/Jejung/Yuchun in Japan) is a boy group made up of three members who are formed by the former members of South Korean group TVXQ, in 2010. JYJ members are Jaejoong, Yuchun, and Junsu. Their group name is taken from the first letter of each member's name.

The group has released two studio albums so far.

History
History

2009: Before debut as JYJ, lawsuit against SM entertainment 
On July 31, 2009, the three TVXQ members who became JYJ, filed a lawsuit against SM entertainment. They argued that the their contracts' period was too long for 13-year length excluding the military service and that the profit distribution was disadvantageous towards the artists. So they maintained their contracts should be invalidated. In addition, the former three TVXQ members applied for an injunction that was the same as the lawsuit to engage their entertainment activities. The Seoul Central District Court in October 2009 ruled in favor of JYJ affirming their right to independently engage in entertainment activities and granted JYJ's injunction suspending the JYJSM entertainment contract.

The three members of JYJ continued their activities as TVXQ in Japanin the end of 2009 for over half a year after the filing of the injunction until their Japanese agency, Avex, announced a group hiatus in early 2010.
2010: Debut as JYJ, Japan tour and The Beginning 
JYJ members who were known as Junsu/Jejung/Yuchun in Japan continued their entertainment activities for over half a year after the filing of the injunction until their Japanese agency, Avex, announced a group hiatus in 2010. At Japan, JYJ performed the live concerts, Thanksgiving live in Dome concerts in June. They also had performances at the nationwide a-nation tour throughout August. JYJ's debut album, The..., was released in September 2010, and debuted at number one on Oricon albums charts in the first week.

JYJ members made a contract with C-Jes Entertainment in Korea.

In September 2010, Avex Entertainment announced plans to suspend all of JYJ's Japanese activities claiming this stemmed from issues the label had with the president of JYJ's Korean management, C-JeS Entertainment.

JYJ released their worldwide debut album, The beginning, on October 12 with "Ayyy Girl" as a lead track.
JYJ promoted their new album, The beginning, through the worldwide showcase tour in South Korea, Southes Asia, and the United States.
On November 27 and 28, they performed JYJ Worldwide Concert in Seoul, two-day concerts that were held at Seoul's Jamsil Olympic Stadium.

2011: In Heaven and The first Worldwide Tour 
JYJ released their Korean EP, Their Rooms "Our Story" on January 25, 2011 in the format of a "music essay".

On 17 February 2011, the Seoul Central District Court dismissed SM Entertainment's injunction against the three members, filed in April 2010 for damage compensation.
In the spring of 2011, JYJ performed their first Worldwide concert Tours that were held in Thailand, Taiwan, China, Canada, and the United States. They finished their fist Worldwide concert tours with performing two special encore concerts in South Korea on June.
In September, JYJ released their first Korean studio album entitled In Heaven.
JYJ extended their World Tour by adding performance dates in Barcelona, Spain on October 29 and in Berlin, Germany on November 6.
2012-present: Fan event and The end of lawsuit against SM entertainment 
In January 2012, C-JeS announced two more concert dates, with Santiago, Chile being March 9 and Lima, Peru March 11. JYJ's first Worldwide concer tour came to the end in South America. 
On February 23, JYJ released a 90-minute film titled The Day. It is a documentary film featuring their daily lives and dreams and a kind of fan events.
Starting on June 28, JYJ held the first and the largest-scale international fan fair for free in South Korea. This event was the big event expressing JYJ's thanks for fans and was opened for 4 days—from June 28 to July 1—at SETEC (Seoul Trade Exhibition & Conventions) at Hak Yeo Ul station. This membership week included photographic and video-based exhibitions of the band, as well as two sets of fan meetings. Because of great fan's cheering, JYJ's representative C-JeS Entertainment announced that this Membership Week event will be held annually.
On 28 November 2012, during a voluntary arbitration at the Seoul Central District Court, SM Entertainment and JYJ have reached a mutual agreement to terminate all contracts between the two parties and not to interfere with each other's activities in the future. At last, concluding the three years and four months, exclusive contract lawsuit came to the end.

Members of the group

Discography

Studio albums 
The beginning (2010)
In heaven (2011)
Just Us (2014)

Live album 
Thanksgiving Live in Dome (2011)

Extended Plays 
The... (2010)
Their rooms "Our Story" (2011)

DVDs 
concerts
Thanksgiving Live in Dome  (2010)
JYJ Worldwide Concert in Seoul (2011)

Documentaries
3hree Voices (2010)
3hree Voices II (2011)
Come On Over (2011)

Other websites 
 
 

South Korean musical groups
2010 establishments in South Korea
Musical groups established in 2010
The Commodores are an American funk and soul music group. They were most popular in the 1970s and 1980s. The band was formed in 1968 in Tuskegee, Alabama. They are signed with Motown. Their hit songs include Three Times a Lady, Easy and Brick House. During the early times, Lionel Richie sang with the Commodores.

1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American R&B bands
Funk bands
Musical groups from Alabama
Soul bands
Cops is an American documentary-styled television reality show which follows police officers, constables and deputies during patrols and other activities which began in March 1989 and has been aired in many countries. The show is broadcasted through Fox and has been shown in over 100 cities in the United States. Every episode is about twenty two minutes long. The show was cancelled due to the George Floyd protests. It was later released again on Fox Nation.

References

Other websites

Channel Links 

1989 American television series debuts
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime television series
Police television series
English-language television programs
Hydrophone is a microphone which is used to measure sound under water. It uses an echolocation system. You would use a hydrophone if you wanted to examine the sound of  fish or maybe if you wanted to listen to find out if there is any sea creature in this part of the ocean. Using several hydrophones make the sound better by making it louder and making it able to reach further distances it is even possible to listen in a specific direction.  

The first hydrophone was used by Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian inventor in 1914. 

 

Audio technology
Narva is the third biggest city in Estonia. Around 64,000 people were living in Narva as of January 2011. Danish people established Narva in 1223.

Other webcites

 Narvan kaupunki

Cities in Estonia
Rochester is a town in Medway, North Kent. It is famous for Rochester Cathedral.

It also has a railway station, Rochester railway station.

Medway
Towns in Kent
The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC.

Important people 
 Homer
Medway (commonly called the Medway Towns) is a large urban area in North Kent, near South East London. It has around a quarter of a million people. The Medway Towns are made up of 5 towns: Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham and Rainham. It is named after the River Medway.

Medway
Karhu (in english "The Bear") is Finnish brand of beer. It is the most popular beer in Finland. Its history begins in 1920, in Pori. Production of Karhu stopped in the early 1930s, but continued again from 1958.

Products 
Karhu III (4,6 %), launched 1961
Karhu A (5,4 %)
Tosi Vahva Karhu (Very Strong Bear) (8%), launched 1999
Karhu III, 1 litran tölkki (4,6 %)
Karhu Tumma (Dark Bear) I ( 2.8%)
Karhu Ruis ( 4.6% / 6,0%)

Other websites 
website 

Finnish beers
Kruskal's algorithm is a greedy algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree in a weighted, undirected graph. Joseph Kruskal first described it in 1956:

In this case, the shortest edge is the one with the lowest weight.

Example 

Download the example data.

References

Greedy algorithms
Graph theory
Combinatorial optimization
Gillingham is a large town in Medway, North Kent. It has around 105,000 people, and a football team, Gillingham F.C..

It also has a railway station, Gillingham railway station.
Koff is Finnish brand of beer. Koff is one of the most popular beers in Finland. It is made by Sinebrychoffs, a Finnish company that advertices lager beers.

Products 
 Koff I (2,5 %)
 Koff III (4,5 %)
 Koff IVA (5,2 %)
 Koff Extra Brew III (4,5 %)
 Koff Extra Brew IV (5,2 %)
 Koff Lite (4,2 %)

Other websites 
 Koff.fi  

Finnish beers
Olvi is Finnish brand of beer. Olvi is mostly made from Finnish ingredients, besides Humulus lupulus, which is from Bavaria.

Other websites 
 The Olvi web site 

Finnish beers

en:Olvi
Lapin Kulta is Finnish, Hartwalls brand of beer. Traditionally it's been made in Tornio but 2010 production moved to Lahti.

Products
 Lapin Kulta I
 Lapin Kulta III
 Lapin Kulta IVA (5,2 %)
 Lapin Kulta Long Neck 
 Lapin Kulta Tuisku

Other websites 
 Lapin Kulta 

Finnish beers
Lahti
'A Werewolf Boy' is a South Korean fantasy romance movie. It did well at the box office in 2012. The movie has been a huge box-office success by drawing audiences totaling 6,600,000 people in less than two months. The movie's lyrical atmosphere and the performance of the stars caught audiences’ eyes.

Plot 
The movie starts with a flashback told by a grandmother, Suni. When a girl, Suni, lived in an isolated mountain village for her recuperation in 1965. A boy who looks like a beggar suddenly appeared. Nobody knows his origin, his family and how old he is. He cannot speak. He only growls like an aniimal. At first, Suni and can't get used to his strange behavior such as eating food with his hands ravenously. They grow fond of him gradually, so they named the boy Chulsu.
Jitae, who is a landlord of the house Suni is living, loves her. He begrudges Chulsu being close to Suni. With experts and old documents, Jitae found out that Chulsu was one of the abandoned children in the Korean war. Now he is a kind of werewolf boy. He is genetically modified by a scientist to make a more powerful soldier. Jitae slandered Chulsu because Chulsu has extreme strength unlike a normal human being. His body temperature is 46 degrees Celsius. Because of Jitae’s lies, people try to kill Chul-su to protect themselves. Suni decides to leave the village to keep him from being injured.

After 47 years, when Suni visits the village to sell the house, she sees Chulsu again. She is moved by his long waiting. Chulsu reads a fairy tale book to Suni which they promised to read together 47 years ago. However, she has to leave him again and return to America. She leaves a message "Wait for me." again as she did when she was young. Chulsu waits for her believing that she will come back again someday.

Cast
Cast 

The main actor, Song Joong-ki is a famous Korean actor. He achieves popularity through various kinds of movies and dramas. For example, SungKyunKwan Scandle, Deep-rooted tree, The innocent Man and Hearty Paws 2. The main actress, Park Bo-young, is also a widely loved actress who made a big name through the movie Speedy Scandle. Both of them rose to more fame with the movie A Werewolf Boy.

Music 
"My prince", song by Park Bo-young

This is the song Suni sings to the accompaniment of a guitar for Chulsu in the movie. By seeing her singing mellifluously, Chulsu fell in love with her.

Other websites 
Official site of the movie A Werewolf Boy 
Official site in English 

South Korean movies
2012 movies
2010s monster movies
Harnai District () is a district in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan.

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Mega, whose letters stand for Red Televisiva Megavisión, is a Chilean television network.

Programs

Previous programs

Other websites

Official site

Mega
1990 establishments in Chile
Chilevisión, whose letters stand for Red de Televisión Chilevisión, is a Chilean television network.

Programs

Previous programs

Other websites

Official site

Chilean television networks
Coloratura is a term meaning florid singing in which singers demonstrate great agility with their voices. Although often associated with light sopranos, it can apply to any voice type such as tenor, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, especially in the bel canto repertoire.

Singing
High Intensity Training (HIT) is a form of strength training popularized in the 1970s by Arthur Jones. HIT focuses on performing quality weight training repetitions to the point of momentary muscular failure. The training takes into account the number of repetitions, the amount of weight, and the amount of time the muscle is exposed to muscle tension in order to maximize the amount of muscle fiber recruitment.

References

Other websites
 Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #1
 Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #2
 What is High Intensity Training?

Training
Fitness
The Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora (or "Beth Hatefutsoth") is an history and anthropology museum in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is dedicated to the Jewish communities around the world. The museum was established in 1978 after 10 years of building. The museum is a part of the Tel Aviv University campus and also has an educational center to study Jewish folklore. The museum is also a center to documenting and preserving the memory of Jews and Jewish families who have been killed or destroyed in anti-Semitic incidents.

Other websites 

 
 Museum of Jewish Diaspora - Beit Hatefusoth  at ilMuseums.com
 Tracing History in Israel - slideshow by The New York Times

Museums in Tel Aviv
International Institute for Terrorism Research or International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) is an international non-profit research center located in Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Israel. The center explores terrorism in Israel and around the world and organizes international meetings with politicians from around the world.

Other websites 
International Institute for Terrorism Research

Think tanks
Terrorism
Organizations based in Israel
Tel Aviv District
The  was a Japanese natural disaster in the Kantō region of the island of Honshū.  The earthquake struck at 11:58:44 am JST (2:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923.  It lasted between 4 and 10 minutes.

This earthquake destroyed Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka. It caused widespread damage. About 140,000 people died.

Gallery

Related pages
 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

Notes

Other websites

Great Kanto Earthquake photos
 Great Kanto earthquake at British Pathé 
Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 at Brown University
USGS Earthquake Lists 

Earthquakes in Japan
1923 in Asia
1920s in Japan
September events
Tom Daley (born 21 May 1994) is an English diver. He was born in Plymouth, Devon. He mainly dives from the 10 metre platform, both on his own and in synchro (diving at the same time with another person). He became the World Champion at the age of 15 in 2009.

Daley went to the 2008 Summer Olympics where he was the youngest athlete for Britain. He also went to the 2012 Summer Olympics where he came third in the 10 metre platform event. He has won many other medals. For example, at the 2010 Commonwealth Games he won two golds in the 10 metre platform: one for the individual event, the other for the synchro event with Peter Waterfield.

He has won the BBC Award for Young Personality of the Year three times.
Personal life 
He grew up in Eggbuckland, Plymouth with his mother Debbie, father Rob and two younger brothers, Ben and Will. He went to school at the Thruston Primary School in Plymouth and later went to Plymouth College. He started swimming when he was 3, and diving when he was 7. He did his first international competition when he was 11. In 2013, he stated that he is in a relationship with a man. In 2014, he stated that he is gay.

References

1994 births
Living people
British Olympic bronze medalists
British divers
English LGBT people
Sportspeople from Devon
Gay men
LGBT Olympians
People from Plymouth
Emmanuel College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1584 and has around 650 students. Emmanuel has the tradition of doing very well in the exams.

Some very famous people have studied at this College, like Graham Chapman.

In 2006, the Dean of Emmanuel College said that same-sex couples can have civil partnerships at Emmanuel's Chapel. This made it the first in the Church of England to allow this.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Fitzwilliam College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often called Fitz from the students. It was created in 1966, but it is based on earlier student groups and associations. These began in 1869 with the idea of helping poor people to study at Cambridge. Today the college has around 750 students and is one of the largest. Fitzwilliam has the tradition of doing quite well in the sports.

Some very famous people have studied at this College, like Charles Scott Sherrington and Albert Szent-Györgyi who both won Nobel Prizes.

The name of the college comes from the Fitzwilliam family.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Girton College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1869 and it was the first college for women. It was given official status only in 1948, when women were allowed in the university. In 1976, it started allowing men too. The college has about 700 students.

The college is about 2.5 miles (4 km) away from the university town. It takes the name from the village where it is found, Girton.

Some very famous people have studied at this Girton, like Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.

It has one of the biggest libraries in Cambridge.

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
The Federation of Genealogical Societies is a non-profit organization and consortium of Genealogy Societies. Its headquarters are located in Austin, Texas in the United States. It works with genealogy organizations around the world.

Other websites 
 Federation of Genealogical Societies
 FGS Blog 
 FGS 2011 Conference, September 7-10, 2011 
 FGS Society Hall 

Austin, Texas
Non-profit organizations of the United States
Genealogy
Pendulum are an Australian/British drum and bass duo from Perth, Western Australia. The duo consists of Paul Harding and Ben Mount.

The band was created in 2002 by Rob Swire, Gareth McGrillen, and Paul Harding. The live members of the band left in 2012 to focus on other projects with Swire and McGrillen leaving to create the band Knife Party. The DJ set for the band is still active though.

They released their debut album Hold Your Colour on 25 July 2005. Their second album In Silico was released on May 12, 2008 in Europe and on May 13, 2008 in North America. They released their final studio album Immersion with the live band on 21 May 2010.

Discography

Studio albums
Hold Your Colour (2005)
In Silico (2008)
Immersion (2010)

References

Other websites 
Official website 

2000s music groups
Musical groups established in 2002
2010s music groups
Australian rock bands
Electronic music bands
Musical duos
Musical groups from Western Australia
Ryan Longwell (born August 16, 1974) was an NFL kicker from 1997-2012. He went to college in California. He played for the Green Bay Packers and the Minnesota Vikings. His jersey number was 8.

References

Other websites 
Pro Football Reference

1974 births
Green Bay Packers players
Living people
Minnesota Vikings players
Jovan Belcher (July 24, 1987 – December 1, 2012) was an American football player. He was a line backer in the NFL for the Kansas City Chiefs. He was a student at the University of Maine. He played in the NFL from 2009 until his death.

Belcher was born in West Babylon, New York.

On the evening of December 1, 2012 in Kansas City, Missouri, he shot his partner dead and committed suicide by shooting himself.

References

Other websites 
Pro-Football Reference

1987 births
2012 deaths
African American players of American football
American murderers
Criminals from New York (state)
Kansas City Chiefs players
Murderers who committed suicide
Murder-suicides in the United States
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Ted Bulley (born March 25, 1955) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) player from 1976 to 1984. He played the left wing position. He was born in Windsor, Ontario in Canada. For most of his career he played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

Career statistics

References

Other websites 
 
 Hockey-Reference 

1955 births
American Hockey League players
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Bunny Roser (November 15, 1901 – May 6, 1979) was a former baseball player for the Boston Braves. He was a left fielder. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died in Rocky Hill, Connecticut at the age of 77.

Other websites 
Baseball-Reference

1901 births
1979 deaths
American baseball players
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Mutant is a 1983 American horror movie that was directed by John Cardos and Mark Rosman. It has a restricted rating. The film has zombies in it. It stars Wings Hauser.

Other websites 
All-Rovi

1983 horror movies
American horror movies
English-language movies
Zombie movies
There are four fundamental forces, sometimes called fundamental interactions.  The forces are called fundamental because there is no simpler way for physicists to understand what the forces do or how they do it (their action). They are called interactions because the action of one object on another is matched by a reaction from the other. 

We feel the effects of gravity and electromagnetism all the time.
 The gravitational force is described by Einstein's general theory of relativity and is understood to be due to the curvature of spacetime by the mass of matter. 
 The electromagnetic force is due to electric charge. Charge causes electric force and movement of charge causes magnetic force.

The strong and weak interactions are forces at the smallest distances and explain nuclear interactions.
The strong force binds protons and neutrons together and also keeps the nuclei of atoms together. 
The weak force causes beta decay.
A complete description of the forces requires advanced physics. The Standard Model explains 
three of these forces (electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force). Most physicists think that these become a single force under very high temperatures. This idea is known as the grand unification theory.

From the future to the past
In the future, new forces may explain dark energy and dark matter. We may also get a Theory of everything that explains the four known fundamental forces. Even if we first unify the three forces of the Standard Model, we may continue to think of those forces as fundamental. This is what happened when theoretical physicists unified electromagnetism and the weak interaction with 
electroweak theory.

Once nuclear force was explained by color charge, it was seen not to be fundamental.
Nuclear force was a theory to explain how photons could stay close together in the nucleus when their like electric charge would make them move apart, if not overcome by a stronger force.
References 

Force
The Platt Amendment was an amendment made in 1901 to a resolution of the United States Congress. It said that all treaties with Cuba had to be approved by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. had the right to interfere in Cuba's affairs if order broke down within Cuba. It also declared Guantánamo Bay to be U.S. territory. The Cuban–American Treaty of Relations of 1903 said the same things. 

In the years following its enactment, until its abolition in 1934, the Platt Amendment was used on several occasions by the United States to intervene in Cuban internal affairs and protect US economic interests on the island. 

20th century in Cuba
1901 in the United States
Bob Lloyd Schieffer (born February 25, 1937) is an American television journalist and news anchor for 60 Minutes and for CBS Evening News. He was the moderator for Face the Nation for twenty-four years, from 1991 to 2015. He won six Emmy Awards.

Schieffer was born on February 25, 1937 in Austin, Texas. He studied at the Texas Christian University. Schieffer is married to Patricia Penrose. They have two children. He now lives in Washington, D.C. and in Austin, Texas.

References

Other websites
 Biography – Bob Schieffer  CBS News
 Bob Schieffer Notable Names Database
 
 Bob Schieffer School of Journalism  Texas Christian University

1937 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
Writers from Fort Worth, Texas
Writers from Austin, Texas
Emmy Award winners
Wakeboarding is a water sport that involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water. The rider is usually towed behind a motorboat. This sport, that appeared in the beginning of the eighties, has been inspired by surfing, water skiing and snowboarding.

To practice wakeboarding, a boat, a rope and a board are necessary. If the rider wants to do bigger jumps or tricks, he needs a tower. The waves created by the boat act like a ski jump for the surfer.

Timeline

In 1985, Tonny Finn, a surfer, marketed the "Skurfer". It was a board inspired by surfing and water skiing. The "Skurfer" was thick and it had an aileron at his back. 

In 1987, the "Skurfer" board was introduced in France by Maurice Lejeune.

In 1989, Jimmy Redmond founded the World Wakeboard Association (WWA).

In 1990, the first official competition was taking place in Orlando, Florida, United States, while the first wakeboard was marketing.

In 1993, the first world wakeboard championship was organised in United States by the WWA.
In 1994, the riders Gilles Becker, Franck Ropéro and Pierre Bergia established the ANW (Association Nationale de Wakeboard).

In 1995, it was the apparition of the "twin tips". The principle of this board has still used today. The "twin tips" has one or more ailerons in its back and its front.

In 2001, wakeboarding became a discipline in the Akita’s World Games of Japan.

In 2004, the first magazine dedicated to the wakeboard, Unleashed Wakeboard Magazine, was published in France.

Characteristics of equipment
Boat: The speed of the boat should be from 28 to 35 kilometers.
Boots: these have an important role, because they are responsible for the control and performance of the surfer. Also, they have to be as comfortable as possible.
Rope: The best length for the rope is between 16 and 24 meters.
Board: There are two different kinds of wakeboards; the "surf" or the "twin tips". The first one is an asymmetric board that is suitable for beginners. The "twin tips" board is more used than the type "surf" because it allows more difficult jumps. Normally, the size of the board is about 130-147 cm by 45 cm.

References

Other websites

Water sports
Board sports
The Chicago Water Tower is a Chicago and U.S. historical place tower that is 154 feet (47 m) tall. The tower is believed to be the only tower to survive the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. It is the only tower to be in the fire zone to survive. The building is the symbol of Old Chicago. The tower was built in 1869. The building became a National Historic Landmark in 1975.

References

Landmarks in Chicago
Buildings and structures in Chicago
History of Chicago
1869 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Illinois
Albertus Magnus, O.P. (1193/1206 – November 15, 1280), also known as Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, is a Catholic saint. He was a German Dominican friar and a bishop who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages, an opinion supported by contemporaries such as Roger Bacon. Magnus was born into a rich German family, in Swabia, in about 1200. He attended Padua University, in Italy. He was very knowledgeable about Sciences, and he wrote about chemistry, geometry, astronomy, physiology. He promoted Aristotle's writings. He later became Master of Theology, which is the study of religion and God, in the University of Paris. He also created a school in Cologne, in 1248. Magnus died on November 15, 1280, in Cologne, Germany
. 250 years after his death, he was named a Saint because he helped and contributed to the Catholic Church.
References 

1200s births
1280 deaths
German theologians
Antônio Carlos Jobim (25 January 1927 – 8 December 1994) was a Brazilian musician of the 20th century. He was a songwriter, composer, singer and pianist/guitarist. He and João Gilberto developed bossa nova as a genre of music. He is a co-creator of bossa nova. He is widely known as the composer of "The girl from Ipanema".  The representative album Wave counts among his major works. Besides, He created much great bossa nova music. His songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists and loved by people.

His life and music 

Antônio Carlos Jobim was born in the Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro. He came from a prominent family. After his parents separated, he was raised in Ipanema. At the age of ten, he started to play piano and compose. His life as a musician began at the age of 20. As a 20-year-old, Jobim earned his living by playing in night clubs before achieving success.
Jobim made his name as a musician when he teamed up with poet and diplomat Vinícius de Moraes to write the music for the play Orfeu de Conceição (1956). That time, A Felicidade, Frevo, and Nosso Amor were composed. A key event in making Jobim's music known in the world was his collaboration with saxophonist Stan Getz, João Gilberto. Especially Jobim wrote many of the songs with Getz/Gilberto, which became one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time.

His songs "The Girl from Ipanema" and "Corcovado" also became sensations. Getz/Gilberto won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. "The Girl from Ipanema" won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1965.

Jobim is one of the most important songwriters of the 20th century. Jobim's song has sophisticated harmonic structures. Some of his melodic twists, like the melody insisting on the major seventh of the chord, became common use in jazz and easy listening music after him.
Due to his fame in his country, the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro changed the name of Galeão International Airport to Rio de Janeiro–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport.

Jobim was hospitalised in New York City from a urinary tract infection in late November 1994. He underwent surgery on 2 December 1994, and while recovering developed a pulmonary embolism. He died from cardiac arrest at the hospital on six days later on 8 December at the age of 67.

Brazilian singer-songwriters
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from urinary tract infection
1927 births
1994 deaths
Musicians from Rio de Janeiro
Singers from Rio de Janeiro
Writers from Rio de Janeiro
Bossa nova is a type of Brazilian music. Bossa nova means literally "new trend". Antonio Carlos Jobim and João Gilberto developed bossa nova as a genre. The first bossa nova single to achieve international popularity was "The Girl From Ipanema".

The bossa nova musical style evolved from samba but is more complex harmonically and less percussive. Joachim Ernst Berendt, the writer of a jazz book, said that bossa nova is a combination of samba and cool jazz. The influence on bossa nova of jazz styles is often debated, but a similar "cool sensibility" is apparent.

Bossa nova is usually performed on classical guitar and piano. It often performed with percussion and strings.
Music genres
Charles Bridge is the oldest stone bridge in Europe. It had been constructed from 1357 to 1400. Until 1841, this was the only bridge to connect old street of Prague. It also played an very important role as the trade route between East and West zone of Prague. At first, it was called just "Stone Bridge" or "Praha Bridge." But it had the name of "Charles Bridge" since 1870.

Description 
The bridge is 516 meters in length and 10 meters in width. Also, it has 16 arches. At a railing of the bridge, there are thirty sculptures of saint who are famous in the Bible and History. Except the sculpture of "Jan Hus", all of sculptures are made of sandstone. Some sculptures were made in the "Age of Baroque" but most of sculptures were imitated.
Legend 
There has been legends about this bridge. One legend says that if a person touches the statue of Sanctus Loannes Nepomucenus saying the hope, the hope will come true. This is because Nepomucenus was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia. But one day king wanted to know what the queen confessed. This was because the king had a doubt that the queen had an affair with another man. However, Nepomucenus did not tell anything to king and resisted to the bitter end. So the king made Nepomucenus fall in the river. So Nepomucenus got drowned. However, He was respected as the Saint right after his death.

Photo gallery 

Stone bridges
Buildings and structures in Prague
14th-century buildings and structures‎
The center of Gamla Stan is Stortorget square. This square has a sad history. Christian II killed more than 80 of the leading members of Sweden and buried their necks in the well. This is called the Stockholm massacre. In this square, there are Nobel Museum in one side and buildings built from 13th century to 19th century. Also, a lot of shops are placed in narrow alleyways. Up north from the square, the stock exchange built in 1776 and the Sweden Academy headquarters which selects the Nobel Prize winner are located.

In addition, there are a lot of famous tourist spots, such as Morten Trozigsgrand, which is the narrowest alley in Gamla Stan and as wide as 90cm, and the German Church. Since Gamla Stan preserves the image of middle ages very well, it can be one of the most famous tourist places in Sweden.

Other websites
Northern Europe, World Tour

Stockholm
Cristián de la Fuente Sabarots (born 10 March 1974) is a Chilean actor. He studied mechanical engineering in Puerto Rico. He loves sports very much. At first, he was a model.He started acting in small roles in television series and movies. Internationally, he became famous with the movie Driven, from 2001. Today, de la Fuente Sabarots lives in Los Angeles. He is married, and has a daughter.

1974 births
Living people
Chilean models
Chilean television actors
Chilean movie actors
Actors from Santiago
Chilean television presenters
The Kia Tigers is a professional baseball team in South Korea. The team started in 1982 with the name of Haitai Tigers. Haitai sold the team to Kia in 2001. They won the Korean Series 9 times as Haitai Tigers (1983, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997). They won again in 2009 and 2017. Winning 11 times is the top record among all Korean baseball teams. They never lost the Korean Series so far.

Their main stadium was the Mudeung Baseball Stadium in Gwangju from 1982 to 2013, and is now the Gwangju-Kia Champions Field, also in Gwangju.

History

1982 - 1997 
The Haitai Tigers was the third professional baseball team in Korea, following OB Bears (currently Doosan Bears) and MBC Blue Dragons (currently LG Twins). It started on January 30, 1982 with only 14 players and the manager. In 1983, the team hired Kim Eung-ryong as manager and they won the Korean Series for the first time.
After the team signed Sun Dong-yeol in 1985, the Haitai Tigers Dynasty started. They won the Korean Series for 4 straight years (1986-1989). Another superstar, Lee Jong-beom, made his debut in 1993. He won the Korean Series MVP in his debut season. From 1982 to 1997, the team won the Korean Series 9 times.

1998 - 2000 
Because of the financial problem of Haitai company, the team started to sell many good players including Lee Jong-beom and Lim Chang-yong.

2001 - Now 
Kia took over the baseball team and the name was changed to Kia Tigers. Lee Jong-beom returned from Japan and he was retired in 2012. In 2005, the Kia Tigers ended the season in the lowest place for the first time ever. However, in 2009, the team won the Korean Series with Na Ji-wan's dramatic walk-off home-run in the last game. It was the first victory after 1997 and as Kia Tigers. In 2012, Sun Dong-yeol, the legendary superstar in Tigers, became the manager of the team, but failed to make the team reach the postseason for 3 years.
Key players 
Pitchers: Yoon Suk-min, Seo Jae-Weong, Kim Jin-woo

Field Players: Lee Yong-kyu, Choi Hee-seop, Lee Bum-ho
1982 establishments in Asia
1980s establishments in South Korea
Baseball teams in South Korea
An audio mixer is device which is used to mix several sounds together. The user can control the volume on each channel or sound source to be as loud as they want. The amount of channels may vary depending on the mixer. Different sources may be used such as microphones, sound cards and CD players. Usually mixers have pre-amplifiers for microphones and inputs may be balanced. It is a device that allows you to edit the pitch and other aspects of sound.

Each channel has their own volume control but also there is main volume control that changes all channels the same way. Some mixers will also have an equaliser.

Audio technology
Features
The Hanwha Group spends about 1500-million won for the fireworks festival. Each team spends about 200 million won every year. People do not pay any fee to enjoy the festival. As time passes, more and more people are gathering, so the “Hot Places” become crowded 3 hours before the beginning of the festival. The best place to watch the fireworks is in front of 63 Building. People can enjoy sound effects as well near 63 Building. If the place is too crowded to enjoy the festival, Hangang Park is also a good place. If people take the subway to get to the place, they can exit at Yeouinaru Station. If the subway does not stop at Yeouinaru Station around start time of the festival, Yeouido Station is also fine.

The fireworks start around at 8 p.m. and end around at 9 p.m. Before the fireworks start, additional festivals, such as concerts or racing are held.
Criticism
There is criticism that Hanhwa Group holds the festival only to advertise their company. The president Lee Myung-bak says that Seoul cannot support this festival for advertising the private company. In addition, people who do not go to the festival have to deal with inconvenience because of heavy traffic or if some subway stations are not allowed to approach due to this festival. A lot of trash left is also criticized. In 2011, 25 tons of trash was left after the festival and 130 sanitation engineers cleaned the area until 3 a.m.

Festivals in South Korea
Seoul
Supercapacitor is a type of capacitor that can store many times as much energy as older capacitors. They were developed in the late 20th century. In future electric cars or mobile phones might use supercapacitors.    

Electronic components
CouchSurfing International Inc. is a company based in San Francisco that provides hospitality social networking. Travellers using the service stay at a host's house, where they sleep on a couch (sofa) or a mattress on the floor. The service is intended to be free of charge; the host does not ask for money from the guest. CouchSurfing is intended to be a cultural exchange program, where the host shows the visitor around their town or local place, and the guest delivers his or her own country's culture.
 
People using the service must register an account on the CouchSurfing website. They make a full public profile, which shows other users who they are, their interests, what languages they speak, and other information. If they want to host other travellers, users also state the location of their house, and describe their living arrangements, the type of couch they have, and what they can provide for the guests.
Travellers can look for hosts by location, and hosts can find travellers whom have stated their plans to travel to their area. Hosts also list references (recommendations from previous guests), which helps travellers in deciding whether or not a host is reliable. When a traveller applies to stay at a host's place, the host then reviews the traveller's profile and either accepts or rejects the application. If the host says yes, the two users exchange phone numbers and contact each other prior to the meeting.

Other websites
 Official website

Social networking
Companies based in California
Independence Square or Maidan Nezalezhnosti is the national public square of Ukraine. The square is located in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. Most of the buildings in the square were ruined in World War II. Today the square is a center of public performances and political activity. The Kilometer Zero of Ukraine is located in the square.

It is located between Khreshchatyk, Borys Hrinchenko, Sofiyivska, Mala Zhytomyrska, Mykhailivska, Kostyolna streets, Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred Street, Architect Gorodetsky Street, and Taras Shevchenko Lane.

History 
Until the end of the 10th century, this place, like the whole present Khreshchatyk, was called Perevisysche and was a swamp. Where Sofiyska Street now begins, there was the Lyadska Gate, which led to the Upper Town.