Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
User and kernel mode switching: When a transition between user mode and kernel mode is required in an operating system, a context switch is not necessary; a mode transition is not by itself a context switch.  However, depending on the operating system, a context switch may also take place at this time.
Context switching can be performed primarily by software or hardware. Some CPUs have hardware support for context switches, else if not, it is performed totally by the operating system software. In a context switch, the state of a process must be saved somehow before running another process, so that, the scheduler resume the execution of the process from the point it was suspended; after restoring its complete state before running it again.

Other websites
  Context Switch Definition - by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)

Computer science
A diamond jubilee is a celebration of a 60th anniversary for a person. When for a group, it is used for the 75th anniversary.

Parties
Time
The Jungle Book 2 is a 2003 animated movie produced by DisneyToon Studios in Sydney, Australia. It was released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution. It was released in France on February 5, 2003, and released in the United States on February 14, 2003. It is the sequel to Walt Disney's 1967 movie The Jungle Book.  Haley Joel Osment did the voice of Mowgli, and John Goodman did the voice of Baloo. The movie was going to be a direct-to-video movie, but it was released in theaters first. The movie is not based on The Second Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling (published in 1895). However, they do have some of the same characters. When released, the movie was criticised mainly for its bad animation and a story similar to the original movie. Disney released the VHS and DVD versions on June 10, 2003. On June 17, 2008 a Special Edition DVD was released.
The story 
Mowgli feels unwelcome and out of place in the human village where he now lives. When Baloo arrives for a visit, Mowgli leaves with him to go back to the jungle. However, his friend Shanti thinks he was kidnapped. She follows him into the jungle. Shere Khan is still hunting for Mowgli, which puts him, as well as Shanti and Baloo, in danger. Mowgli must decide whether he wants to live in the jungle with Baloo, or stay in the village with Shanti.

Production 
 John Goodman recorded his voice work in New Orleans while Haley Joel Osment recorded his in California.
 Due to a legal dispute, the character of King Louie from the original Jungle Book could not be included in this movie. However, he is briefly mentioned in the middle of the movie.
 The decision was made to keep Shere Khan in shadow during the beginning of the movie to "reflect his 'wounded pride'".

Characters
Characters

Returning from the first movie 
 Mowgli, voiced by Haley Joel Osment
 Baloo, voiced by John Goodman
 Bagheera, voiced by Bob Joles
 Shanti, voiced by Mae Whitman
 Shere Khan, voiced by Tony Jay
 Kaa, voiced by Jim Cummings
 Colonel Hathi, voiced by Jim Cummings
 Hathi, Jr., voice unknown
 Buzzie, Flaps, Dizzie, & Ziggy, voiced by Jim Cummings, Jeff Bennett, Brian Cummings, and Jess Harnell
 Flunkey, voiced by Jim Cummings

New in this movie 
 Lucky, voiced by Phil Collins
 Ranjan, voiced by Connor Funk
 Ranjan's Father, voiced by John Rhys-Davies
 Messua, voiced by Veena Bidasha
Additional voices provided by Jeff Bennett, Baron Davis, Jess Harnell, Devika Parikh, Veena Bidasha, Brian Cummings, and an uncredited J. Grant Albrecht.
Animals featured 
 Human (Mowgli, Shanti, Ranjan, Ranjan's Father, Messua, Nathoo & Other Villagers)
 Sloth Bear (Baloo)
 Black Panther (Bagheera)
 Tiger (Shere Khan)
 Indian Python (Kaa)
 Asian Elephant (Colonel Hathi, Hathi Jr. & Elephant Patrol; Some seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Indian Vulture (Buzzie, Flaps, Dizzie, Ziggy & Lucky)
 Baboon (Flunkey)
 Indian Rhinoceros (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Parakeet (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Hippopotamus (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Indian Mongoose (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Ocelot (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Water rat (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Insect (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Earthworm (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Crane (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Cuckoo (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Kookaburra (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Flamingo (Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
 Gazelle (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
Hyena (Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
 Langur (The Bandar-log)
 Owl (Seen by Shanti in the jungle and King Louie’s former palace)
 Wildebeest (Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
 Vampire Bat (Seen attacking Shanti and King Louie’s former palace)
 Macaque (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Lemur ( Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
 Meerkat (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Warthog (Seen in King Louie's former palace)
 Alligator (Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
 Kangaroo (Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
 Penguin (Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
 Water Buffalo (Seen in King Louie’s former palace)
Hidden Appearances 
 During one of attempts at the classic musical number "The Bear Necessities" from the first movie, two prickly pears land on and stick to Kaa's head, making him look like Mickey Mouse. This is an example of a Hidden Mickey.
 During W-I-L-D, Pumbaa can briefly be seen dancing until Baloo bounces them off with his backside.

Soundtrack 
The band Smash Mouth recorded a cover of the Sherman Brothers song, "I Wanna Be Like You" (originally from the 1967 musical movie), which is featured on this movie's soundtrack.

Trivia 
 This is the second Disney sequel to take place right after the ending of the first movie since The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, which took place right after the ending of the original.
 Kaa is the second character to originally be played by Sterling Holloway and then taken over by Jim Cummings, the first being Winnie-the-Pooh.

Reception
Reception

Criticism 
Many people thought that The Jungle Book 2 was too much like the original 1967 classic. Many people thought it should have gone direct-to-video like what it was originally made for. On Rotten Tomatoes, the general opinion is "This inferior rehash of The Jungle Book should have gone straight to video." Based on 86 reviews, the movie has a "rotten" 19%, with an average score of 4.4. In the "cream of the crop" division, the movie has a 17% with an average score of 4.1. In the RT Community, it has a 30%, with an average score of 3.7.

Box office 
The movie has made a total domestic gross of $47,901,582.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

2003 movies
2003 animated movies
Disney animated movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Movies about animals
Movies about snakes
Movies about tigers
Movies about bears
Movies about wolves
Movies about apes
Jungle movies
Movies set in India
Sequel movies
Movies based on books
King Louie is a fictional orangutan who kidnaps Mowgli in Disney's 1967 animated musical adaptation of The Jungle Book. He was played by Louis Prima. He does not appear in Rudyard Kipling's original book, as orangutans are not native to India. But the movie is "inspired by" rather than "based on" the Kipling stories. King Louie has been called an example of a racial stereotype in Disney movies.

Spin-Offs

King Louie was played by Jim Cummings in TaleSpin and Jungle Cubs.

Remakes

In The Jungle Book (1994 film) King Louie was played by a real orangutan.  

In The Jungle Book (2016 film), King Louie was played by Christopher Walken.

Footnotes

References 

Disney characters
Cinderella II: Dreams Come True is the American-French first sequel to Disney's animated movie Cinderella. It was going to be a TV show but it was canceled. no Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure. Another sequel, Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, was made in 2007.

Summary 

The movie explores Cinderella's "happily ever after" life as a princess in three stories, with help from the Fairy Godmother. First, Cinderella's awkward first days at the palace, when she tried so hard to fit in that she forgot to be herself. Second, how Jaq felt so left out that he wished to be a human. Third, how Cinderella taught one of her nasty stepsisters how to smile which leads to her own true love.
Voice Cast 
 Corey Burton as Gus
 Holland Taylor as Prudence
 Jennifer Hale as Cinderella
 Tress MacNeille as Anastasia
 Susanne Blakeslee as Lady Tremaine
 Frank Welker as Lucifer/Pom-Pom/Bruno
 Rob Paulsen as Jaq/Grand Duke/The Baker
 Christopher Daniel Barnes as Prince Charming
 Russi Taylor as Fairy Godmother, Drizella Tremaine, Mary Mouse, Beatrice, and Daphne

DVD Features 
 Race to the Royal Banquet Game (Special Edition only)
 Musical Magic Featurette
 Cinderella Storybook
 Cinderella's Enchanted Castle Activity
 "Put It Together" Music Video By Brooke Allison

Other websites 
 
 
 Cinderella II: Dreams Come True at Rotten Tomatoes
  Cinderella II: Dreams Come True - The Official Disney DVD Website

References

Disney animated movies
Disney direct-to-video movies
2002 movies
Movies set in castles
Cindy Lou Hensley McCain (born May 20, 1954) is an American businesswoman and politician. McCain is the Executive Director of the World Food Programme since 2023. She was the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture from 2021 to 2023. She was the wife of Republican Senator John McCain. During the Donald Trump presidency, she became a critic of the president and the Republican Party.

In the 2020 presidential election, she was one of the few key Republicans who supported form Vice President Joe Biden over President Trump.

In late November 2020, McCain was seen as a possible pick for an ambassador role in the Biden administration. In May 2021, it was reported that President Biden would nominate McCain to be the United States Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture. McCain was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote on October 26, 2021.

In April 2023, McCain became the Executive Director of the World Food Programme.

References
References

1954 births
Living people
American Baptists
Businesspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Ambassadors of the United States
United Nations officials
A thread in computer science is short for a thread of execution. Threads are a way for a program to split itself into two or more simultaneously (or pseudo-simultaneously) running tasks. Threads and processes differ from one operating system to another but, in general, a thread is contained inside a process and different threads in the same process share the same resources while different processes in the same multitasking operating system do not. Threads are lightweight, in terms of the system resources they consume, as compared with processes.
Sources
David R. Butenhof: Programming with POSIX Threads, Addison-Wesley, 
Bradford Nichols, Dick Buttlar, Jacqueline Proulx Farell: Pthreads Programming, O'Reilly & Associates, 
Charles J. Northrup: Programming with UNIX Threads, John Wiley & Sons, 
Mark Walmsley: Multi-Threaded Programming in C++, Springer, 
Paul Hyde: Java Thread Programming, Sams, 
Bill Lewis: Threads Primer: A Guide to Multithreaded Programming, Prentice Hall, 
Steve Kleiman, Devang Shah, Bart Smaalders: Programming With Threads, SunSoft Press, 
Pat Villani: Advanced WIN32 Programming: Files, Threads, and Process Synchronization, Harpercollins Publishers, 
Jim Beveridge, Robert Wiener: Multithreading Applications in Win32, Addison-Wesley, 
Thuan Q. Pham, Pankaj K. Garg: Multithreaded Programming with Windows NT,  Prentice Hall, 
Len Dorfman, Marc J. Neuberger: Effective Multithreading in OS/2, McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 
Alan Burns, Andy Wellings: Concurrency in ADA, Cambridge University Press,
Uresh Vahalia: Unix Internals: the New Frontiers, Prentice Hall, 
Alan L. Dennis:  .Net Multithreading , Manning Publications Company, 
Tobin Titus, Fabio Claudio Ferracchiati, Srinivasa Sivakumar, Tejaswi Redkar, Sandra Gopikrishna: C# Threading Handbook, Peer Information Inc, 
Tobin Titus, Fabio Claudio Ferracchiati, Srinivasa Sivakumar, Tejaswi Redkar, Sandra Gopikrishna: Visual Basic .Net Threading Handbook, Wrox Press Inc,
Other websites 
 Multiple Threading in C# , Association for Technotechmedia, August 2016, by Isha Chopra
Article "Query by Slice, Parallel Execute, and Join: A Thread Pool Pattern in Java " by Binildas C. A.
Ars Technica article about multithreading, etc
Answers to frequently asked questions for comp.programming.threads
The C10K problem
Article "The Free Lunch Is Over: A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software" by Herb Sutter
Article "The Problem with Threads " by Edward Lee
parallel computing community 
POSIX threads explained by Daniel Robbins
Multithreading in the Solaris Operating Environment 
Developer's Reference and tutorial 

Computer science
Cinderella III: A Twist in Time (also called Cinderella: A Twist in Time) is the second sequel to Disney's animated movie Cinderella.

Summary 

Frollo gets the fairy godmother's wand and reverses all of which the fairy godmother did. Everything that she had made (the dress, the horses and the carriage) which were the reasons why and how Cinderella went to "The Ball". So when all the magic is gone will there be a happily ever after all? What will Cinderella do?

Voice cast 
 Jennifer Hale as Cinderella
 Tami Tappan as Cinderella (singing voice)
 Tony Jay as Frollo
 Rob Paulsen as Jaq/Grand Duke/Bishop
 Corey Burton as Gus
 C.D Barnes as Prince Charming
 Tress MacNeille as Anastasia
 Russi Taylor as The Fairy Godmother/Drizella
 Andre Stojka as The King
 Frank Welker as Lucifer
 Holland Taylor as Prudence

Release 
Cinderella III: A Twist in Time was released on February 6, 2007 and went back to the Disney Vault on January 31, 2008.

DVD Features 
 Games and Activities
Bibbidi-Bobbidi Game
Cinderella's Ballroom (DVD-ROM)
 Music and More
"I Still Believe" Music Video By: Hayden Panettiere
 Backstage Disney
Backstage At Disney Cruise Line's "Twice Charmed"

First Look At The New DVD, "Disney Princess Enchanted Tales"

Other websites 
 Cinderella III: A Twist in Time DVD Official Disney Website

 Director Frank Nissen on Cinderella III: A Twist in Time
 
 

Disney animated movies
Disney direct-to-video movies
2007 movies
American movies
Movies about royalty
Movies about weddings
Movies about fairies and sprites
Movies about wish fulfillment
Movies set in castles
Tilde de Paula (born November 14, 1972) is a Swedish television host and presenter. She was born and raised in Chile and has won many awards for her television work in Sweden.

1954 births
Living people
Swedish television presenters
Chilean television presenters
Sofia Wistam (may 15 1966) is a Swedish television host and radio talk show host.

1966 births
Living people
Swedish television presenters
Gry Forssell (born February 16, 1973 in Växjö, Sweden) is a television presenter on TV4.

1973 births
Living people
Swedish television presenters
Cynthia McKinney (born March 17, 1955) is an American politician. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She was the 2008 presidential candidate for the Green Party. She was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia from 1993 until 2003 and again from 2005 until 2007.

References

1955 births
Living people
African American politicians
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Atlanta
United States representatives from Georgia
Green Party of the United States politicians
A task is a set of program instructions that are loaded in memory, then the address registers is loaded with the initial address to start running the task. It is defined as "an execution path through address space where part of a plan will be accomplished after executing the task'". 

Processes are often called tasks in embedded operating systems so "task" gives a meaning of a real-time (also small) application, which differs from a process. A process is an instance of a computer program. The kernel creates a process by allocating some memory (in kernel address space and user address space), loading program code from a disk or another part of memory into the newly allocated space, building the process tables and other operating systems structures, calculating the initial address then executes the process as one or more tasks.
Both "task" and "process" should be distinguished from event, which takes place at a specific time and place, and which can be planned for in a computer program. In a computer graphical user interface (GUI), an event can be as simple as a mouse click or keystroke.

Notes
Today, "tasks" and "processes" refer essentially to the same entity. although they have somewhat different terminological histories, now they are used by most peoples as synonyms. 
Today, the term "process" is generally preferred over "task", except when referring to "multitasking", since the alternative term, "multiprocessing", is too easy to confuse with "multiprocessor" (which is a computer with two or more CPUs), so if "multiprocessing" is used, it is always refers to "multiprocessor".

Related pages
 Thread (computer science)
 Process (computing)
 Multitasking

Computer science
Brock may refer to:

Brock (Pokémon), a character
Eddie Brock, a Spider-Man character
Venom (Eddie Brock) is a fictional character from Marvel Comics and appears in the Spider-Man comic book universe.  He made his first appearance in Amazing Spider-Man #299 (April 1988).  He is best known for being the host of Venom.

Portayals
He was portrayed in films by Topher Grace and Tom Hardy.

Fictional characters introduced in 1988
Marvel Comics superheroes
Spider-Man
Marvel Comics supervillains
In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being sequentially executed by a computer system that has the ability to run several computer programs concurrently.

A computer program itself is just a passive collection of instructions, while a process is the actual execution of those instructions.

Several processes may be associated with the same program; for example, opening up several windows of the same program often means more than one process is being executed. In the computing world, processes are formally defined by the operating systems (OS) running them and so may differ in detail from one OS to another; for example in Microsoft Windows environment each instance of the same application is called a task.

Related pages
 Thread (computer science)
 Task (computers)
 Multitasking

References

 Gary D. Knott (1974) A proposal for certain process management and intercommunication primitives ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review. Volume 8, Issue 4 (October 1974). pp. 7 – 44
Other websites 
 What Is Process - Computer Process Information Database

Computer science
Abdul Aziz aka Imam Samudra aka Qudama (January 14, 1970, Serang, Banten - November 9, 2008, Bali, Indonesia) was an Indonesian criminal. He was sentenced to execution for his part in the 2002 Bali bombings. The execution was expected to be made during early November 2008. It was done on November 9. Samudra is one of three in a network of the Bali bombers who were sentenced to death.

1970 births
Terrorists
Indonesian criminals
Huda bin Abdul Haq (February 1960 – 9 November 2008) was an Indonesian sentenced to death for his role in the 2002 Bali bombings. He is a senior and influential Jemaah Islamiah leader with ties to Osama bin Laden. The exectution of Huda and Imam Samudra are expected to happened in early November 2008,and was handed down on November 9 by a firing squad.

1960 births
Indonesian criminals
Terrorists
Ali Amrozi bin Haji Nurhasyim (also known as Amrozi; 5 July 1962 - 9 November 2008) was an Indonesian who was convicted for his part in the 2002 Bali terrorist bombing. He was executed along with two other men involved in the bombing in early November 2008. Ali was executed on November 9 by a firing squad.

1962 births
2008 deaths
Indonesian criminals
Muslim terrorists
People executed by firearm
Louis "Studs" Terkel (May 16, 1912 – October 31, 2008) was an American author, historian, actor, and broadcaster who lived in Chicago. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1985 for his work The Good War. This book collected stories from average people about their memory of World War Two.

The nickname "Studs" came from his character in a play, after the director would call him that to avoid confusion with another actor called Louis.
Selected works
 Giants of Jazz (1957) ISBN 1-56584-769-5
 Division Street: America (1967)  ISBN  0-394-42267-8
 Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression (1970)  
 Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do (1974)  
 Talking to Myself: A Memoir of My Times (1977)  
 American Dreams: Lost and Found (1983)  ISBN  
 The Good War (1984) 
 Chicago (1986) 
 The Great Divide: Second Thoughts on the American Dream (1988) 
 Race: What Blacks and Whites Think and Feel About the American Obsession (1992) 
 Coming of Age: The Story of Our Century by Those Who’ve Lived It (1995)  
 My American Century (1997)  
 The Spectator: Talk About Movies and Plays With Those Who Make Them (1999)   
 Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Reflections on Death, Rebirth and Hunger for a Faith (2001)   
 Hope Dies Last: Keeping the Faith in Difficult Times (2003)   
 And They All Sang: Adventures of an Eclectic Disc Jockey (2005)  ISBN |1-59558-003-4 
 Touch and Go (2007)
References

Other websites
Studs Terkel's Official Site

Audio & Video Archive of Studs Terkel Interviews on Democracy Now!
2005 video of WFMT Critic-at-Large Andrew Patner's interview with Studs Terkel at the University of Chicago
Direct link to Studs Terkel Video on InDepth of C-SPAN
1988 audio interview with Studs Terkel by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio 
Studs Terkel - The Last Touch - interviews with Terkel by Alan Hall in 2004 and 2005 - streaming and podcast audio on ABC Radio National
In October, 2008 looking forward to the historic election in America, he gave his last interview.
2007 video interview with Studs Terkel by Amy Goodman of Democracy Now! 
 The Legacy.com page for Studs Terkel
 Video: Remembering Studs Terkel
 BBC Obituary: Pulitzer winner Terkel dies at 96 
Signature of Studs Terkel
news.bbc.co.uk, BBC, Obituary: Studs Terkel
American historians
Jewish American actors
American journalists
Actors from New York City
Actors from Chicago
Writers from New York City
Writers from Chicago
1912 births
2008 deaths
Pulitzer Prize winners
American movie actors
American television actors
Robert Laurence "Bob" Barr, Jr.
(born November 5, 1948) is the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election.  He is  a  former federal prosecutor
and a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He represented Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Republican from 1995 to 2003.

Barr is known as one of the leaders of the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.  Barr joined the Libertarian Party in 2006,
and until May 2008 served on its National Committee.

References

Other websites

Official 2008 Presidential Campaign website 
Issue positions and quotes at OnTheIssues.org
Video interview/discussion with Jane Hamsher on Bloggingheads.tv

1948 births
Living people
American Methodists
Politicians from Iowa
2008 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from Georgia
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Multi-user is a term that defines an operating system, computer program, or a game that allows use by more than one users of the same computer at the same time.

An example is a Unix server where multiple remote users have access (such as via Secure Shell) to the Unix shell prompt at the same time. Another example uses multiple X terminals so that multiple remote users can use X Window on a single machine.

The complementary term, single-user commonly refers to an operating system being usable only by one person at a time, or in reference to a single-user software license agreement.  

Single-user mode is a mode for Multi-user operating system where the computer boots or switches into a single superuser mode. It is mainly used for maintenance of multi-user environments such as network or Unix servers.

Other websites 
 Interix in a Multi-User Windows TSE Environment paper about the Unix multi-user model and MS-Windows NT TSE
 SoftXpand Multi-user software

Computer science
Computing
Video games
Flying squirrels are a tribe of 44 species in the squirrel family Sciuridae. Despite the name, none use powered flight: all are gliders.

They are sociable, noisy rodents that glide from tree to tree, using a flap of loose skin that connects their front and hind legs. They can glide up to 150 feet (46 m), steering with their tail, and landing on tree trunks, gripping it with all four feet.

These squirrels are nocturnal (most active at night). They have a life span of about five years in the wild, and about 13 years in captivity. Flying squirrels live in forests in North America, Europe and Asia. 

Flying squirrels eat mostly plants, like seeds, nuts, leaves, maple sap, bulbs, bark, flowers, and roots. Less often, they eat insects, eggs, worms, small birds, and other small animals.

Flying squirrels are hunted by weasels, foxes, hawks, and coyotes.
Evolution 
Before the 21st century, the evolutionary history of the flying squirrel was often debated. This debate was clarified by two recent molecular studies.  These studies found that the living flying squirrels originated 18–20 million years ago, are monophyletic, and have a sister relationship with tree squirrels. 

There are reasons which may explain why gliding has evolved in mammals: 
economical locomotion: moving between trees using as little energy as possible. 
finding food: economical searching.  
avoiding predators.
reducing landing forces as compared to simple jumping.

References 

Squirrels

mr:शेकरू
S1m0ne is a 2002 American comedy-drama science fiction movie. It was directed by Andrew Niccol and released to movie theaters by Warner Bros. It stars Al Pacino.

Plot 
Viktor Taransky (Al Pacino) is working on a movie project. He is running out of money and his star decided not to do it anymore, so his movie is in trouble. A computer programmer named Hank approaches Viktor and tells him that he is able to create a computer-generated character. Hank soon dies of cancer and gives the program to Viktor. Viktor uses the program to insert an actress in place of his original star and the movie is a huge hit. The program, titled "Simulation One," is simplified to "Simone."
The police come and arrest Viktor and charge her for the murder of Simone. They have a video showing him dragging the trunk into the ocean; they believe that there was a body inside. He tells them that Simone was never real, but they don't believe him. His ex-wife Elaine (Catherine Keener) and his daughter Lainey (Evan Rachel Wood) enter his studio. Lainey ejects the floppy disk, restoring the Simone program, and they create a short movie that shows that Simone is alive and well. The police let him go. Elaine and Lainey convince Viktor that Simone is a symbol now and that they should continue to keep her alive. The last scene shows Viktor and Simone together, with Viktor announcing that Simone and he just had a child.

2002 comedy-drama movies
2002 science fiction movies
American comedy-drama movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Big Brother may mean:

Big Brother (TV series)
Big Brother, a character in George Orwell's book Nineteen Eighty-Four
The sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), is an Old World monkey of Guinea Bissau, Gabon, Senegal and Ghana. It has social groups of four to twelve individuals.

Disease 
Sooty mangabeys are naturally infected with a strain of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV). Due to extensive human-mangabey contact in sub-Saharan Africa, the virus has jumped from this species into humans on many occasions. This resulted in the HIV-2 virus. The HIV-1 strain by contrast came from the common chimpanzee strain of SIV.

The sooty mangabey can also get leprosy, as can humans, the Nine-banded Armadillo, the common chimpanzee, and the crab-eating macaque.

References 

Old World monkeys
Mammals of Africa
Joseph Byrne also known as Joe Byrne (November 1856 - June 28 1880) was an Australian bushranger. He is known as the lieutenant of the Kelly Gang. He was shot dead in the siege of Glenrowan. Joe Byrne was a very good shot, a good horseman and skilled at living in the bush. This made it difficult for the police to capture him. His skill at writing helped him to write the items that were important in starting the Kelly legend. He wrote the famous Jerilderie letter. There is also a legend that Ned Kelly, with Byrne's help, was going to start an independent republic in north east Victoria. The siege at Glenrowan was the first step.

Early life
Early life

Joe was born at Woolshed, near Beechworth, in November 1856. His father, Patrick Byrne, had come from County Carlow, Ireland, in 1849, to join his father, Joseph, who had come to Australia as a convict in 1834. Joe's mother was an Irish lady from Galway. The family moved to Sebastopol, a small gold mining town, about two kilometres farther up the valley. Joe learned to speak Chinese from the Chinese miners who lived in a small camp near his house. He was educated at a small Roman Catholic school at Woolshed.

After leaving school in 1870, Joe had a number of jobs including driving a delivery cart for a tannery, putting up fences, looking for gold, wood cutting, and shearing. He often visited the Chinese village at Beechworth and became addicted to opium. During the celebrations for the Prince of Wales birthday in 1873, Joe saw a suit of Chinese armour in the Beechworth museum. This armour provided the ideas for the armour the Kelly Gang wore at Glenrowan.
Crime
In September 1873, Byrne was in court for taking a neighbour, Anton Wick's horse. He had ridden it for several days before bringing it back. He had to pay a fine of 20 shillings. In December 1875, he was in court again for taking a saddle, but the court believed Byrne when he said he had found it in the bush. On May 20, 1876, Joe Byrne and his friend, Aaron Sherritt, stole a cow and cut it up for the meat. Someone saw them and told the police. They were taken to court and given six months in the Beechworth Gaol. In prison, Byrne and Sherritt met Jim Kelly, who was the brother of Ned and Dan Kelly. Joe Byrne met Ned Kelly in 1876 and they became friends.
The Kelly Gang
Byrne was probably at the Kelly house on 15 April, 1878, when Constable Fitzpatrick said that Ned Kelly shot him and that Ellen Kelly, Ned's mother, had hit him over the head with a shovel. Ned and Dan Kelly went into hiding in the bush at Bullock Creek, an old gold mining area. The police offered a reward of £100 for them, and Ellen Kelly was sent to gaol for three years.

Stringybark Creek
Joe Byrne was at Stringybark Creek with the Kelly brothers and Steve Hart on 26 October, 1878, when they found four police officers on their trail, and shot three of them dead. Joe Byrne shot dead Trooper Scanlon, and was wearing Scanlon's ring at the time of his death. The gang were made outlaws on 15 November 1878, which meant they could be legally killed by anyone at any time. A reward of £2000 (about AU$754,000 in 2008) was offered for them, dead or alive.
Bushranger
Byrne was Kelly's lieutenant, and the two of them planned the gang's actions. The Kelly Gang robbed the Euroa branch of the National Bank of Australia and took over £2,000. Joe Byrne wrote a letter in red ink for Ned Kelly which was sent to Donald Cameron, a local member of the Victorian Parliament. Ned said justice had not been done in the case of his mother and himself. It ended: "For I need no lead or powder to revenge my cause, and if words be louder I will oppose your laws."

The police locked up over 20 possible supporters of the Kelly gang between January 1879 and April 1879 under the Felons Apprehension Act 1878. This increased public support for the gang, especially in north east Victoria. Joe Byrne was able to use this increase this by writing a number poems about Ned Kelly and his gang, including "My Name is Ned Kelly":

My friends are all united,
My mates are lying near.
We sleep beneath shady trees,
No danger do we fear.
Joe Byrne often visited his mother at her house in Beechworth. He was also seen drinking in hotels in the town, even though there was a reward for him. He could do it because of his skill and daring, and because the police were badly trained and badly led, and because of the support of local people for the Kelly Gang.

Jerilderie
Kelly and Byrne planned their next robbery for Jerilderie. On 10 February, 1879, dressed as policemen, the gang robbed the Bank of New South Wales at Jerilderie taking another £2,000. Byrne wrote the Jerilderie Letter after Ned kelly’s words which wanted an independent republic in north east Victoria. The money from both the Euroa and Jerilderie robberies was given to the gang's family, friends and supporters.

After the Jerilderie robbery, the gang went into hiding for 16 months. This increased their reputation and embarrassed the government of Victoria and the police. The Victorian Government increased the reward for the Kelly Gang to £8,000 (about AU$2,000,000 in 2005).
Siege of Glenrowan

Byrne and Kelly planned another bank robbery in Benalla in 1880. They thought Aaron Sherritt was being used by police to get information about them. Byrne had told Sherritt to tell the police that the gang was planning a robbery in the Goulburn River while they were really planning the Jerilderie robbery. Kelly and Byrne believed that Sherritt could no longer be trusted. They also knew he was being protected by the police. Byrne and Dan Kelly murdered Sherritt on 26 June, 1880. Ned Kelly believed that this would bring a large group of police to Beechworth to search for the killers.

The next day, the Kelly Gang took over the town of Glenrowan. They tore up the railway tracks because they knew the police would travel by train to Beechworth. They held over 60 people hostage in Jones' Hotel. Thomas Curnow, the local school teacher, escaped and stopped the police train before it could crash on the missing track. The police were able to surround the hotel.
Joe Byrne helped design the armour worn by all members of the gang at Glenrowan. This did not stop him from being shot in the groin cutting his femoral artery. He was in the middle of a speech about the gang when he was shot. He died quickly from loss of blood on 28 June 1880. The police set fire to the hotel, but they dragged his body out of the hotel before it burned down. The bodies of Dan Kelly and Steve Hart were not brought out of the hotel, and were severely burned.

The next day his body was hung on the door of the police cells at Benalla, and photographed by newspaper reporters. It was only removed after a young woman begged the police to let Byrne rest in peace. His family did not take his body and the police would not give it to anyone else, they thought a funeral would become a starting point for a rebellion. He was buried in an unmarked grave on the edge of the Benalla cemetery.
Ned Kelly was captured and tried in Melbourne. Ned Kelly was hanged at Old Melbourne Gaol on 11 November 1880. There is a legend that Kelly and Byrne had written a Declaration for the Republic of north-east Victoria which was destroyed by the Victorian Government.

Byrne and the Kelly legend
By writing the letters and the bush ballads, and designing the armour, Joe Byrne and Ned Kelly helped make the Kelly legend. In the following 125 years, the legend has grown. There have been a number of movies made about the Kelly Gang including The Story of the Kelly Gang in 1906, the world's first feature-length movie. In 2003, Orlando Bloom played the part of Joe Byrne in Gregor Jordan's movie, Ned Kelly.

Australian novelist Peter Carey won the 2001 Booker Prize and the Commonwealth Writers Prize for  the True History of the Kelly Gang. This was based on the Jerilderie letter written by Byrne.
Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang has been made famous by Sidney Nolan wearing the armour designed by Joe Byrne in a famous set of paintings. This was used as a scene at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

Other websites
 Joe Byrne: Lieutenant of the Kelly Gang page
 Glenrowan 1880 Joe Byrne page 
Photographs of Joe Byrne

References

1856 births
1880 deaths
Australian criminals
Ned Kelly
Bushrangers
People from Victoria (Australia)
Booker Prize winners
College basketball is basketball played between teams from colleges or universities, usually in the United States. The most popular American college basketball league is the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).  Basketball in the NCAA is put into three divisions: Division I, Division II and Division III. However, there are other college basketball leagues, such as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). College basketball teams are split into conferences, which are groups of about 10 teams.

Division I of the NCAA has two tournaments to determine who the national champion. One tournament is for men and one is for women. The men's tournament has 68 teams, and the women's tournament has 64 teams. These tournaments are often called "March Madness".
Compared to professional basketball
NCAA basketball and NBA basketball are different in some ways:
In NCAA basketball, there are more teams.
In NCAA basketball, there are fewer games.
In NCAA basketball, the 3-point line is farther back.
In NCAA basketball, the game is split into two 20 minute halves instead of four 12 minute quarters.
In NCAA basketball, the shot clock is 35 seconds instead of 24 seconds.
In NCAA basketball, the scores are usually lower.
A public university is a university that is given money by the public or the government. Unlike private universities,  students generally don't have to pay money to study in public universities.

Colleges and universities
The University of Michigan–Flint is in Flint, Michigan, United States. It is one of the three campuses in the University of Michigan, Michigan's oldest university and main campus.

References 

Colleges and universities in Michigan
Flint
Flint, Michigan
1956 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Michigan
Shirley Mount Hufstedler (August 24, 1925 – March 30, 2016) was United States Secretary of Education under President Jimmy Carter. She was born in Denver, Colorado.

In 1966, she was appointed Associate Justice of the California Court of Appeal. President Lyndon Johnson appointed her Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 1968. She served for eleven years before President Jimmy Carter appointed her U.S. Secretary of Education.

Hufstedler was considered to be a candidate for the Supreme Court if a vacancy had occurred under a Jimmy Carter Presidency.

On March 30, 2016, Hufstedler died in Glendale, California from cerebrovascular disease at the age of 90.

References

United States Secretaries of Education
Politicians from Denver
Deaths from cerebrovascular disease
1925 births
2016 deaths
The University of Michigan–Dearborn is a university in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It is one of the three campuses in the University of Michigan, Michigan's oldest university and main campus.

Dearborn
1959 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Michigan
Dearborn, Michigan
Margaret Spellings (born Margaret Dudar; November 30, 1957) was the second  Secretary of Education under the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush. She was previously Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy to President Bush. 

She was one of the principal authors of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act.

United States Secretaries of Education
Politicians from Michigan
Politicians from Texas
Republican Party (United States) politicians

1957 births
Living people
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Public Ivy is a term started by Richard Moll in his 1985 book Public Ivys: A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities. The book is about universities which "provide an Ivy League collegiate experience at a public school price." Public Ivies are chosen, according to the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, to be able to be "successfully competing with the Ivy League schools in academic rigor... attracting superstar faculty and in competing for the best and brightest students of all races."

References

Colleges and universities in the United States
Nundle is a village in the New England area of New South Wales, Australia.  It was once the centre of Nundle Shire. Most of this area, including the village of Nundle, was added to the new Tamworth Regional Council in 2004. The village is 400 km north of Sydney and about 56 km south east of Tamworth. In 2006 there were 289 people living in Nundle.
History
Nundle was settled when gold was found nearby at “The Hanging Rock” and Swamp Creek in 1852. By June 1852 there were 300 people digging for gold at Oakenville Creek. People from California, Europe and China were also digging along the Peel River and up the mountain slopes. By 1865 there were about 500 people living there and about 50 shops and small businesses had started. A  school building was put up in December 1871. Lessons started in 1872.  Nundle was made a town in 1885. In 1924 the Peel River Bridge was built. In 1941 electricity was connected to the town. During 1966 the swimming pool was opened by the Rt Hon. Ian Sinclair. There were 1350 people living in the area in 1969. In 1979 the Premier of New South Wales, Neville Wran, opened the new Chaffey Dam. Sheep, cattle and timber are now the main business activities in Nundle.
There are many old buildings: the Nundle Woollen Mill, old Court House, Peel Inn and Primitive Methodist Church. The old Nundle Courthouse and Police Station have been placed on the Register of the National Estate.

Nundle is of the best areas in the State for finding crystals. Some gold and other precious stones can be found including zircons, green jasper, sapphires and serpentine minerals. Nundle is a popular tourist destination for both casual travellers and motorcycle riders. Nearby is the interesting Hanging Rock mining village with good views of the Nundle valley.

A new bridge across the Peel River at Nundle was finished in 2008. The cost of $683,000 was paid by the NSW State Government.

In July 2008 the rare Euphrasia arguta was rediscovered in a State Forest near Nundle. This plant was last recorded in 1904. It is believed to have grown after fire control burning the previous summer.
Facilities
	Caravan and cabin park
	Bus service to Tamworth secondary schools
	General Store
	Nundle Pre-School
	Nundle Public School
	Rural Health Service
	Post office
	Pony Club
	Golf and Bowling Club
	Tennis Club with synthetic surface tennis courts

Events
The annual Go for Gold Festival is held each Easter with around 4,000 visitors. The State Member for Tamworth told the NSW Parliament “that visitors had come to Nundle from all points of the compass during the Easter weekend to enjoy the relaxed atmosphere and the beautiful setting.”    The Great Nundle Dog Race, only open to working dogs, is run on the first Sunday in May and attracts many visitors. This event helps to raise money for sporting equipment, computers, books and trips for students at the Nundle Public School.

References
 
 Tamworth Information, Tamworth City Council
 Explore Australia, 20th edition, 2002, Viking

Towns in New South Wales
The National Library of Australia is Australia's largest reference library. It was started by the National Library Act. The library has to keep and develop a national collection of library material. This includes a broad and complete collection of library material about Australia and the Australian people. It is in Canberra, the capital of Australia.

History

The National Library of Australia, was officially set up with the National Library Act, 1960. It had been working as a National Library, not just a Parliamentary Library, since 1901.
In 1901, a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was started to help the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia. From its beginning, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library began to develop of a truly national collection. In 1907 the chairman of the Joint Parliamentary Library Committee,  Sir Frederick Holder, gave the reasons for having the library. Australia should have a great public library, like the famous Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. It would be a home for the literature of the world, for ever.

The library building was opened in 1968.

Collections
The Library's collections of Australian objects has become the nation's single most important collection of materials recording the Australian cultural history. The Library collects Australian materials of all kinds including:
 books
 serials
 newspapers
 maps
 music
 ephemera (small unimportant things that are not usually kept)
 online publications
 unpublished material like manuscripts, pictures and oral histories.
The Library has good collections in the performing arts, including dance. The Library also has big collections of general overseas and rare book materials, as well as world-class Asian and Pacific collections which add to the Australian collections.

The print collections include large collections of microform. The Library keeps the National Reserve Braille Collection. In total, over 5 million items are held. Films and sound recordings are kept in a separate collection run by the National Film and Sound Archive in Canberra.

The Library has digitised over 130,000 items from its collection. The 100,000th was a photo . These digital items can be seen on the Internet. The Library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques. It keeps an Internet archive of selected Australian websites, called the Pandora Archive.

References

Museums in Australia
National libraries
Government agencies of Australia
Buildings and structures in Canberra
1960 establishments in Australia
Libraries in Australia
Breeza is a small village in New South Wales, Australia. It is about 43 kms south of Gunnedah and 393 km north of Sydney. It is a part of the Gunnedah Shire Local Government Area.  Breeza is in the Liverpool Plains agricultural area. The area around Breeza is called the "Breeza Plains". There are about 25 people who live in Breeza, and 133 who live in the area.

Breeza is on the Kamilaroi Highway about halfway between Gunnedah and Quirindi. It is also on the North-west railway line, close to where it crosses the Mooki River.  Breeza has a grain silo.

It is often erroneously said that the bushranger Ben Hall was born at Breeza.  He was in fact born near Maitland, NSW but his father, Ben HAll Snr worked on Breeza Station at one time. There is a Ben Hall wall with a painting at the roadside rest area/picnic spot. The mural was painted by Bronwyn Bassett. 

The bushranger, Frederick Ward, known as 'Thunderbolt',  robbed a Mr Matthews on the Breeza Plain in 1865.
Dow AgroSciences has established an agricultural research field station at Breeza which researches wheat breeds.

References

Other websites 
 Breeza Information - website
 Breeza Travel Australia -  website
 River conditions - Mooki River at Breeza

Towns in New South Wales
Retail is selling goods or items to the people who will use them. This is different from wholesale, which is selling to a retailer.

According to Oxford Dictionary, Retail is the sale of goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale.

Retailers buy finished goods or items directly from a manufacturer or a wholesaler and then distribute in smaller quantities to the final consumer who has a need for such items.

For instance, when we buy shoes to wear or food to eat, we buy from a retailer.

Retailing can be done at shops and stores. This includes department stores, malls and markets where stalls or stands are set up at a cleared area.

Another way of purchasing retail items is by ordering them by mail, telephone, Internet or other methods, to be delivered by post or package delivery service such as United Parcel Service. Some items are sold door-to-door, in which a sales person goes to a possible customers home and tries to sell an item.

References

Retail
Mauro Zàrate (born March 18, 1987 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine football player (footballer). He plays for Lazio.

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires