Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains is an English-based Formula One engine builder. The company used to be known as Ilmor Engineering. They are owned by Mercedes-Benz. From 1995 to 2014, their engines were used by the McLaren Formula One race cars. McLaren started using their engines again in 2021. For the  season, Mercedes-Benz also supplied the Brawn GP and Force India teams with engines. In the  season Mercedes supplied McLaren, Force India. They also supplied the engines for the new Mercedes-Benz factory team, Mercedes GP, which was formed from the Brawn GP team.

Background 
Ilmor was founded by Mario Illien and Paul Morgan in 1983. It was made as a British Formula One engine maker. The company name was taken from the last names of the founders. It originally started building engines for IndyCars. They received money from IndyCar team owner and builder Roger Penske to do this.
The Daimler-Benz company purchased General Motors' 25% share of Ilmor in 1993. In 2002 Daimler increased its share to 55% and renamed the company Mercedes-Ilmor. In 2005, Daimler became the sole owner of Ilmor and renamed the company Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines.

One division of the company was called Special Projects. Since 2003, Special Projects had been building Honda's Indy Racing League engines. In 2005, Special Projects split from Mercedes-Ilmor and became a separate company named Ilmor Engineering. Ilmor Engineering is owned by Mario Illien and Roger Penske. This new company is totally independent of Mercedes-Benz.

History 

In  Ilmor entered Formula One as an engine supplier. They supplied engines to the Leyton House team. Leyton House was formerly known as March. In 1992, Leyton House changed its name back to March and continued using Ilmor engines.
Ilmor also supplied engines to the Tyrrell team in . Powered by an Ilmor V10, Tyrrell scored 8 points, and March 3 points in the Formula One Championship.

Ilmor had developed a good name in F1. When the Sauber sportscar-team and Mercedes-Benz were planning to enter Formula One together, they made a deal with Ilmor. However, Ilmor deceided not to put the slogan "Concept by Mercedes-Benz" on the engines. Since the engines were officially called Ilmor, Mercedes backed out of the project with Ilmor. 

After an unexpectedly fast performance in , Sauber convinced Mercedes to join officially in 1994. In  Ilmor also supplied the new Pacific GP team of Keith Wiggins with the old 1993 version of the engines. Pacific only managed to qualify seven times in thirty-two tries. The Ilmor engine was not the cause of this poor performance.
Ilmor became the engine partner to McLaren in . The partnership received its first win at the 1997 Australian Grand Prix. Mika Häkkinen won the driver's championships in the  and  seasons. The McLaren team won the constructor's championship in . After not winning a single race in the  season, McLaren bounced back and won the driver's championship in  season with Lewis Hamilton.

In 2001, Paul Morgan was killed while landing his vintage (antique) plane at Sywell Aerodrome, Northamptonshire. This led to Mercedes-Benz increasing their financial involvement in Ilmor, and renamed the company Mercedes-Ilmor Ltd.

References

Other websites 
Official website 

Formula One engine manufacturers
The age of majority is the age when a person becomes an adult by law. This means that they are legally in control over their own actions and decisions, and their parents are no longer responsible for them. When used this way, the word majority means having the full number of years to be an adult. The opposite is minority, which means being a minor or child. The law in a given place may never actually use the words "age of majority" when deciding when people become adults. The age of majority is a legally fixed age and idea of adulthood which is different in different places. It may not match the actual maturity of a person's body or mind. The age of majority is 18 in the vast majority of jurisdictions, but ages as low as 15 and as high as 21 exist in some.
Overview 
Once a person reaches the age of majority, there are some things they can do that they could not do before. These may include buying stocks and marrying without having to ask for permission. The ages that these things can be done are different depending on where the person lives.

Even after a person reaches the age of majority, there may be other age-based rules that they still have to follow, such as the right to stand for office in elections or become a judge. For example, the youngest a person is allowed to purchase alcohol is 21 in all U.S. states even though the age of majority is 18 in most states. The age of majority in the Republic of Ireland is 17, but a person must be over 21 years old to stand for election.

Emancipation is when a child is freed from the responsibility and care of their parents or legal guardians before they reach the age of majority.
In almost all places, minors who are married are automatically emancipated. Some places also do the same for minors who are in the armed forces or who have a certain degree or diploma.

Countries and subdivisions
This is a list of the age of majority in various countries (or administrative divisions):

Age 16
 Cuba
 Kyrgyzstan 
 Turkmenistan
 Uzbekistan 
 Scotland 

Age 17
 North Korea
Age 18
 All countries of the European Union (with exceptions as listed)
 Albania 
 Afghanistan 
 American Samoa, United States
 Andorra 
 Argentina  
 Armenia
 Angola
 Australia 
 Azerbaijan 
 Bahamas 
 Barbados 
 Belarus 
 Bhutan 
 Bolivia 
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Brazil (though one may vote at the age of 16)
 Brunei 
 Bulgaria 
 Burundi 
 Cambodia 
 Canada (provinces of Nova Scotia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan)
 Chile
 China
 Colombia
 Costa Rica
 Côte d'Ivoire
 Croatia (16 if minor marries or has a child)
 Cyprus
 Czech Republic
 Djibouti 
 Dominican Republic
 Dominica
 Ecuador
 El Salvador
 Estonia
 Fiji
 France 
 Gabon
 Germany
 Greece
 Ghana
 Gibraltar
 Guatemala
 Guernsey
 Guinea (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
 Guyana
 Haiti
 Hong Kong
 Hungary 
 Iran 
 India 
 Indonesia (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
 Ireland
 Italy
 Israel
 Isle of Man
 Jamaica
 Jersey 
 Kenya
 Laos
 Latvia
 Lebanon
 Liechtenstein
 Lithuania
 Luxembourg 
 Macau
Luxembourg 
 Macau
 North Macedonia
 Malaysia
 Malta
 Mauritania
 Mauritius
 Mexico
 Moldova
 Monaco
 Montenegro
 Nepal
 Netherlands
 Oman
 Pakistan
 Panama
 Paraguay (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
 Peru
 Philippines
 Poland (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
 Portugal
 Qatar
 Romania
 Russia
 Rwanda
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Saudi Arabia
 Senegal
 Serbia
 Seychelles
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 South Africa
 Spain
 Sudan
 Sweden
 Switzerland (14 if parents agree)
 Syria
 Taiwan
 Tajikistan
 Tanzania
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Tunisia
 Turkey
 United Kingdom, (except Scotland)
 United States, (Exceptions: AL, IN, NE, NJ, 19;  CO, MS, NY, PR, 21)
Ukraine
 Uruguay
 Venezuela
 Vietnam 
 Yemen 
 Zimbabwe

Age 19
 Canada (provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon)
 South Korea
 United States, (Exceptions)
	* Alabama,
	* Indiana,
	* Nebraska,
	* New Jersey

Age 20
 Denmark (incl. Faroe Islands and Greenland, minors are emancipated at 18)
 Finland (minors are emancipated at 18)
 Iceland (minors are emancipated at 18)
 Japan 
 New Zealand
 Norway (minors are emancipated at 18)
 Taiwan
 Thailand (minors are emancipated upon marriage)

Age 21
 Bahrain 
 Cameroon
 Chad 
 Egypt 
 Eswatini
 Honduras
 Lesotho
 Madagascar  (minors are emancipated upon marriage)
 Namibia
 Singapore
 United States, (Exceptions)
	* Colorado, * Mississippi, * New York, * Puerto Rico

References

Related pages
 Age of consent

Legal terms
Parvicursor (meaning "small runner") is a genus of tiny maniraptoran dinosaur with long slender legs for fast running. At only about 39 cm (~15 in) from snout to end of tail, and 162 grams (5.7 ounces) in weight, it is one of the smallest non-avian dinosaurs known from an adult specimen.

References 

Coelurosaurs
Fossils
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Caenagnathasia (meaning 'recent jaw from Asia') was a small oviraptorosaurian dinosaur (superfamily Caenagnathoidea), measuring only 1 m (3 ft) in length and weighing around 8 kg (18 lb). Like all oviraptorosaurs, Caenagnathasia had three fingers on each 'hand'  and three toes on each 'foot', with bone fusion similar to that of birds. 

Caenagnathasia lived in the Upper Cretaceous, around 90 million years ago.

Oviraptorosauria
Fossils
Anchiornis ('near bird') is a genus of small, feathered, troodontid dinosaurs. Anchiornis huxleyi is named in honour of Thomas Henry Huxley, the first to propose a close evolutionary relationship between birds and dinosaurs. A complete individual would be 34 cm (13 in) and weigh only 110 g (3.9 oz), making it the smallest known feathered dinosaur.

Anchiornis fossils have been found in Liaoning, China, dating to the first part of the late Jurassic period, 160 to 161 million years ago.
Description
Anchiornis is a small, early troodontid dinosaur with a triangular skull like other troodontids. Also, Anchiornis had long legs, usually an indication of a strong runner. However, the extensive leg feathers indicate that long legs may be an vestigial trait, because running animals tend to have reduced, not increased, hair or feathers on their legs. The forelimbs of Anchiornis were also very long, unusual among troodontids (which tend to be short-armed) but similar to dromaeosaurids and early birds, emphasizing its basal ('primitive') position among dinobirds.

Feathers
While the first specimen of Anchiornis, found in the 2000s, preserved only faint traces of feathers around the preserved portion of the body, the well-preserved second specimen showed nearly complete feather preservation, allowing researchers to identify the structure of the feathers and how they were distributed.
As in other early birds, such as Microraptor, Anchiornis had large wings, made up of flight feathers attached to the arm and hand (as in modern birds) as well as flight feathers on the hind legs, forming an arrangement of fore and hind wings. The forewing of Anchiornis was composed of 11 primary feathers and 10 secondary feathers. Unlike Microraptor, the primary feathers in Anchiornis were about as long as the secondaries and formed a more rounded wing, with curved but symmetrical central vanes, a small and thin relative size, and rounded tips, all indicating poorer aerodynamic ability compared to its later relative. In Microraptor and Archaeopteryx, the longest forewing feathers were closest to the tip of the wing, making the wings appear long, narrow, and pointed. However, in Anchiornis, the longest wing feathers anchored near the wrist, making the wing broadest in the middle and tapering near the tip for a more rounded, less flight-adapted profile.
The hind wings of Anchiornis were also shorter than those of Microraptor, and were made up of 12–13 flight feathers anchored to the tibia (lower leg) and 10–11 to the metatarsus (upper foot). Also unlike Microraptor, the hind wing feathers were longest closer to the body, with the foot feathers being short and directed downward, almost perpendicular to the foot bones. Unlike any other known Mesozoic dinosaur, the feet of Anchiornis (except for the claws) were completely covered in feathers (much shorter than the ones making up the hind wing).

Two types of simpler, downy (plumaceous) feathers covered the rest of the body, as in Sinornithosaurus. Long downy feathers covered almost the entire head and neck, torso, upper legs,and the first half of the tail. The rest of the tail bore pennaceous tail feathers (rectrices).
Colour
In 2010, a team examined numerous points among the feathers of an extremely well-preserved Anchiornis specimen to survey the distribution of melanosomes, the pigment cells that give feathers their colour. By studying the melanosomes and comparing them with those of modern birds, the scientists were able to map the colours and patterning present on Anchiornis when it was alive. Though this technique had been used before, Anchiornis became the first Mesozoic dinosaur for which almost the entire life colouration was known.
Most of the body feathers of Anchiornis were grey and black. The crown of head feathers was mainly reddish with a grey base and front, and the face had rufous speckles among predominantly black head feathers. The fore and hind wing feathers were white with black tips. The coverts (shorter feathers covering the bases of the long wing feathers) were grey, contrasting the mainly white main wings. The larger coverts of the wing were also white with grey or black tips, forming rows of darker dots along mid-wing. These took the form of dark stripes or even rows of dots on the outer wing (primary feather coverts) but a more uneven array of speckles on the inner wing (secondary coverts). The shanks of the legs were grey other than the long hind wing feathers, and the feet and toes were black.
Like many modern birds, Anchiornis exhibited a complex pattern of coloration with different colours in speckled patterns across the body and wings, or "within- and among-feather plumage coloration". In modern birds, such colour patterning is used in communication and display, either to members of the same species (e.g. for mating or territorial threat display) or to threaten and warn off competing or predatory species.
Palaeobiology
Anchiornis is notable for its long forelimbs, which were 80% of the total length of the hind limbs. This is similar to Archaeopteryx; long forelimbs are necessary for flight. Anchiornis also had a more avian wrist than other non-avialan theropods. The authors first thought that Anchiornis could fly or glide. However, further finds showed that the wings of Anchiornis, while well-developed, were short when compared to later species like Microraptor, with relatively short primary feathers that had rounded, symmetrical tips, unlike the pointed, aerodynamically proportioned feathers of Microraptor. So the animal could glide, but probably not fly.

Anchiornis has long hind legs, suggesting a fast-running lifestyle. However, the legs and even feet and toes of Anchiornis were covered in feathers, making it unlikely that Anchiornis was a capable ground runner. A tree-based glider is the probable life-style.

Related pages
 Origin of birds

References
References 

Coelurosaurs
Jurassic dinosaurs
Feathered dinosaurs
Šumadija (Serbian Cyrillic: Шумадија) is a geographical region in Serbia. The area was heavily forested, hence the name (Šuma - forest). The city of Kragujevac is the center of the region, and the administrative center of the Šumadija District in Central Serbia.

Borders
Šumadija is located between rivers Sava and Danube in the north, river Velika Morava in the east, river Zapadna Morava in the south, and Kolubara, Ljig and Dičina in the west. According to some interpretations (for example, physiologists such as Jovan Cvijić and ethnologist such as Erdeljanović.), the northern border of Šumadija lay between Avala and Kosmaj mountain. According to that view, the capital of Serbia, Belgrade does not belong to this region.
History
During the 18th century, the forests of Šumadija were the refuge for the Hajduks that fought against Ottoman occupation. The first Serbian uprising in 1804 was led by national hero Karađorđe. The second Serbian uprising in 1815 was led by Miloš Obrenović who successfully repelled the Turkish forces and, by 1830, Serbia had gained its full autonomy. Because of Miloš's efforts and negotiations Serbia was finally an independent state, after centuries under Ottoman reign.

Between 1922 and 1929, one of the administrative units of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was named Šumadijska Oblast. It roughly included territory of present-day Šumadija District with its administrative seat in Kragujevac, which is the seat of the modern district as well.

Cities

Some of the large cities and towns in Šumadija are:
Belgrade (most of it)
Kragujevac
Čačak (northern part)
Aranđelovac
Gornji Milanovac
Jagodina
Smederevo
Smederevska Palanka
Mladenovac
Lazarevac
Velika Plana
Other smaller towns include:
Knić
Varvarin
Topola
Lapovo
Ljig
Grocka
Belanovica
Rača
Barajevo
Sopot
Batočina
Rekovac

Related pages
Šumadija District
Geographical regions in Serbia
Central Region (Serbia)

References

Other websites
Šumadija (with Pomoravlje) on serbiainyourhands.com 
Stragari - village in Šumadija
The New York Hall of Science is a science and technology museum in New York City. It has over 400 exhibits on biology, chemistry and physics. The museum occupies one of the only remaining structures of the 1964 New York World's Fair in Flushing Meadow-Corona Park in the borough of Queens in New York City.

Museums in New York City
1964 establishments in New York (state)
Queens (New York City)
Guadarrama is a village in the nothwestern part of the community of Madrid, in Spain. The population of Guadarrama is almost 15,000 people. In summer, there can be 60,000 people.

Guadarrama has become an important tourist point. It is a second home for many people from Madrid.

Guadarrama is near the "Sierra of Guadarrama".

References 

Municipalities in the Community of Madrid
The Cia-Cia language (Hangul: 바하사 찌아찌아, Roman: Bahasa Ciacia), also known as South Buton(ese), is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the town of Bau-Bau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.

References

Austronesian languages
Elmer John Gedeon (April 15, 1917 – April 20, 1944) is one of only two Major League Baseball players killed in action during World War II. He was also a multi-sport star in college at the University of Michigan.

At Michigan, Gedeon became an All-American in track and field, and earned varsity letters in both American football and baseball. He tied a world record in the high hurdles in 1938. After graduating, Gedeon had a position in Major League Baseball as an outfielder for the Washington Senators. Gedeon spent most of the 1939 and 1940 baseball seasons in the minor leagues. He was called up to the Senators in September 1939.

Gedeon's was drafted by the United States Army in early 1941. Since he was drafted, he had to stop baseball. He trained as a bomber pilot. He served in combat, and was shot down and killed in France, April 1944.

References
References

1917 births
1944 deaths
American baseball players
American military personnel of World War II
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Major League Baseball players
Military people killed in World War II
Purple Heart recipients
Sportspeople from Cleveland
Military people from Ohio
Scott Oliver Hall (October 20, 1958 – March 14, 2022) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with both the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring name, Razor Ramon and in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he wrestled under his real name.

Hall was a founding member of the professional wrestling stable, the New World Order (nWo).

Legal and drug problems
In 1983, he was charged with second-degree murder after he wrestled a gun away from a man and shot him in the head at point blank range with it during an altercation outside of a nightclub. He said it was in self-defense and the charges were dropped because of lack of evidence. He did admit to killing the man, and says he is unable to forget the incident in a 2011 interview with ESPN.
Hall has had many other legal and drug problems since the 1990s. Retired professional wrestler Diamond Dallas Page invited Hall to join stay at his house to stay sober and rebuild his life. He also invited him to join his yoga program which many current and former professional wrestlers are involved in.

Death
In March 2022, Hall was hospitalized after falling and breaking his hip. He had hip replacement surgery, but had three heart attacks on March 12, after which he was put on life support at a hospital in Marietta, Georgia. He died after he was taken off life support on March 14, 2022 at the age of 63.
Championships
American Wrestling Association
AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Curt Hennig)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Match of the Year (1994) (vs. Shawn Michaels in a Ladder match at WrestleMania X)
PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1992)
PWI Tag Team of the Year (1997) (with Kevin Nash)
He was ranked #7 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year by PWI in the PWI 500 in 1994.
He was ranked #72 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
He along with Kevin Nash was ranked #40 of the Top 100 Tag Teams of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Kevin Nash and Eric Young)
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Championship Wrestling
WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (two times)
WCW World Tag Team Championship (seven times) (with Kevin Nash (six) and The Giant (one))
WCW World Television Championship (one time)
WCW World War 3 (1997)
World Wrestling Council
WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Championship (one time)
WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Wrestling Federation
WWF Intercontinental Championship (four times)
Slammy Award for US Best Match of the Year (1996) (vs. Shawn Michaels at SummerSlam)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Match of the Year (1994) (vs. Shawn Michaels in a Ladder match at WrestleMania X)
References

Other websites
Official website
WWE profile

1958 births
2022 deaths
American murderers
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
Sportspeople from Florida
WWE Hall of Fame
Sportspeople from Maryland
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Deaths from fractured hip
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from surgical complications
August Rush is a 2007 American drama movie. It was directed by Kirsten Sheridan. It was written by Paul Castro, Nick Castle, and James V. Hart. It was produced by Richard Barton Lewis. August Rush has been thought to as an up-to-date reworking of the Oliver Twist story by Charles Dickens.

References

2007 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies set in California
Wikimania is an international conference on wikis like Wikipedia. It is organized by the Wikimedia Foundation and brings together authors, programmers, and researchers. It was started in 2005.

Wikimania has been in the following places:
 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (2005)
 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (2006)
 Taipei City, Taiwan (2007)
 Alexandria, Egypt (2008)
 Buenos Aires, Argentina (2009)
 Gdańsk, Poland (2010)
 Haifa, Israel (2011)
 Washington, DC (2012)
 Hong Kong (2013)
 London, United Kingdom (2014)
 Mexico, Mexico (2015)
 Esino Lario, Italy (2016)
 Montreal, Quebec, Canada (2017)
 Cape Town, South Africa (2018)
 Stockholm, Sweden (2019)

Future Wikimanias 
Wikimania 2020, the sixteenth Wikimedia conference, will be held in Bangkok, Thailand.

Related pages
 Wikimania page on Wikimedia Foundation
 Wikimania website

References

Wikimedia
2005 establishments
Bob the Builder is a British television programme for children. It is broadcasted on the BBC and around the world. It was first broadcast on April 12, 1999. It is developed by Hit Entertainment for BBC Television.

The show is about the life of a builder named "Bob" and his talking machines who help him fix things. He has a partner named Wendy and a cat named Pilchard. The slogan of the show is "Can we fix it? Yes we can!".

There are albums of songs from Bob the Builder. Out of these songs, there are 2 number 1 hits, "Can We Fix It?" and "Mambo No. 5". There is also the number 81 hit "Big Fish Little Fish".  There is also merchandise which is based on the show.
In 2015, a reboot series aired on Cartoonito and Channel 5's Milkshake block. In 2018, it left Cartoonito. In 2021, it left Channel 5 as it has since ended its run. Two years after the 2015 series ended, The original Bob the Builder also aired on Qubo but it ceased operations on February 28, 2021. A new titled Bob the Builder reboot series is to be announced.

Characters and voice actors

Voice actors who have contributed to the original British version include Neil Morrissey, Rob Rackstraw, Kate Harbour, Rupert Degas, Colin McFarlane, Maria Darling, Emma Tate, Richard Briers, and June Whitfield.

Celebrities who have provided voices for the series (usually for one-off specials) include John Motson, Sue Barker, Kerry Fox, Ulrika Jonsson, Alison Steadman, Stephen Tompkinson, Elton John, Noddy Holder, and Chris Evans (Bobsville's resident rock star Lennie Lazenby).

Episodes
Original series
Season 1
 Scoop Saves the Day
 Travis Paints the Town
 Bob Saves the Hedgehogs
 Pilchard in a Pickle
 Muck Gets Stuck
 Wendy's Busy Day
 Bob's Bugle
 Buffalo Bob
 Travis and Scoop's Race Day
 Bob's Birthday
 Naughty Spud
 Scary Spud
 Bob's Barnraising
Season 2
 Spud the Spanner
 Wallpaper Wendy
 Runaway Roley
 Bob's Big Surprise
 Dizzy's Statues
 Lofty to the Rescue
 Wendy's Big Match
 Tea Set Travis
 Dizzy's Bird Watch
 Clocktower Bob
 Wendy's Tennis Court
 Bob's White Christmas
 Pilchard Goes Fishing
Season 3
 Bob's Boots
 Mucky Muck
 Bob's Day Off
 Magnetic Lofty
 Roley's Tortoise
 Special Delivery Spud
 Pilchard's Breakfast
 Scoop's in Charge
 Muck's Sleepover
 Trailer Travis
 Spud and Squawk
 Scoop Has Some Fun
 Dizzy's Crazy Paving
Season 4
 Scoop's Stegosaurus
 Sneezing Scoop
 Roley's Animal Rescue
 Scarecrow Dizzy
 One Shot Wendy
 Spud Lends a Hand
 Bob and the Bandstand
 Farmer Pickles' Pigpen
 Bob on the Run
 Forget-Me-Knot Bob
 Roley and the Rock Star
 Scruffty the Detective
Watercolour Wendy
Season 5
 Scruffty's Big Dig
 Inspector Spud
 Cock-a-Doodle Spud
 Wendy's Surprise Party
 Skateboard Spud
 Muck's Monster
 Spud the Dragon
 Pilchard Steals the Show
 Bob's Hide
 Bob's Auntie
 Bob and the Big Freeze
 Clumsy Roley
 Eskimo Bob
Season 6
 Bob's Pizza
 Bob's Metal Detector
 Mr. Beasley's DIY Disaster
 Wendy's Removal Service
 Lofty and the Rabbits
 Lofty and the Giant Carrot
 Bob's Egg and Spoon Race
 Trix's Tiles
 Mr. Sabatini's Smashing Day
 Roley to the Rescue
 Spud's Big Splash
 Spud the Musketeer
 Wendy's Magic Birthday
Season 7
 Mr. Beasley's New Friends
 Spud the Pilot
 Trix and the Otters
 Speedy Skip
 Mr. Ellis' Exhibition
 Bob and the Badgers
 Bob and the Goalie
 Dizzy Goes Camping
 Pilchard's Pets
 Snowman Scoop
 Lofty's Long Load
 Hamish's New Home
 Dizzy the Sheepdog
Season 8
 Bob the Photographer
 Mr. Bentley's Trains
 Wendy's Big Night Out
 Racing Muck
 Mr. Beasley's Noisy Pipes
 Lofty's Jungle Fun
 Ballroom Bob
 Molly's Fashion Show
 Spud and the Doves
Spud and the Doves
 First-Aid Molly
 Mr. Bentley: Dog Sitter
 Travis Gets Lucky
 Scruffty on Guard
Season 9
 Scoop the Disco Digger
 Bob the Farmer
 Lofty the Artist
 Spud's Statue
 Pilchard and the Field Mice
 Trix's Pumpkin Pie
 Where's Muck?
 Travis' Busy Day
 Muck's Surprise
 Skip's Big Idea
 Roley's Important Job
 Trix and the Bug
 Mr. Bentley's Winter Fair
Project: Build It
Season 10
 Bob's Big Plan
 Bob's Fresh Start
 Lofty's Shelter
 Dizzy and the Talkie-Talkie
 Scoop's Recruit
 Where's Robert?
 Wendy's Welcome
 Roley's New Friend
 Two Scoops
 Benny's Back!
 Spud's Straw Surprise
 Off-Road Scrambler
 Meet Marjorie
 Muck's Mud Hut
 Wendy's Party Plan
Season 11
 Scrambler in the Doghouse
 Benny's Important Job
 Put-It-Together Spud
 Roley's Round-Up
 Dizzy the Detective
 Two Jobs Travis
 Scrambler and the Colourful Cave
 Spud's Bumper Harvest
 Muck's Convoy
 While Bob's Away, Robert Will Play
 Bob's Three Jobs
 Scoop Knows it All
Season 12
 Dizzy's Sleepover
 Lofty the Star
 Sumsy's Willow Tree
 Slow Down Scrambler!
 Travis and the Tropical Fruits
 Scoop the Teacher
 Sir Muck
 Bashing Crashing Benny
 Spud's Cork Tree
 Bob's Top Team
 Sumsy and the Beast
 Listen with Scrambler
 Roley's Bird's Eye View
 Wendy's Houseboat
Season 13
 Mr. Bentley's Assistant
 Roley's Moleys
 Spud Rushes It
 Scrambler's Seaweed Delivery
 Massive Muck
 Roley's Apple Press
Travis' Giddy Day
 Muck's Drying Tunnel
 Benny's Jungle Trouble
 Dizzy the Walking Bus
 Packer's First Day
 The Bob House
Season 14
 Mr. Bentley's Big Parade
 Scrambler the Goat Herder
 Packer's Big Delivery
 Spud the Woodsman
 Muck's Mootastic Dairy
 Roley the Green Cat
 Put-It-Together Bob
 Dodger the Milk Truck
 The Three Musketrucks
 Scoop Slips Up
 Dodger's Dairy Disaster
 Bob's Beach Hut
Season 15
 The House That Lofty Built
 Bob's Big Idea
 Roley Brings the House Down
 Muck's Machine Wash
 Lofty's Comet
 Lofty the Lifeguard
 Star Struck Spud
 Go, Mr. Bentley, Go!
 Tumbler and the Skate Park
 Fantastic Flex
 Packer's Trailer Trouble
 Scoop's Best Team Ever
 Spud and the Hotel
 Tumbler's Perfect Promenade
 Clean as a Whistle Bristle
Season 16
 Zoomer's Snowy Adventure
 Radio Bob
 Tumbler and the Ice Rink
 Spud the DJ
 Silent Scoop
 Scrambler Gets Prepared
 Sumsy's Special Building
 Lofty's Banana Tree
 Roley's Flat Garden
 Super Splasher
 Breezy Bristle
 Splasher's Two Stops
 An Inspector Calls
Ready, Steady, Build!
Season 17
 Scratch's Hidden Treasures
 Scrambler's Best Idea
 Scoop the Artist
 High Tide for Lofty
 Roley's Rovers
 Start from Scratch
 Night Time Scratch
 Lofty and the Monster
 Dizzy in Charge
 Lofty's Helpful Day
 Scoop's Sea Rescue
 Scratch's Star Turn
 Pineapple Scratch
 Scrambler's Stage Surprise
 Wendy's Birthday Surprise
 Scratch Goes Solo
 Dizzy and the Wheelies
 Muck's Beach Tower
 Here Comes Muck
 Scrambler Gets Clean
Season 18
 Whizzy Dizzy
 Travis' New Garage
 Scratch and the Dream Room
 Stage Struck Dizzy
 Roley and the Fox
 Super Scrambler
 Roley's Weather Rap
 Bob and the Trampoline
Mini Series 1: The Legend of the Golden Hammer
 Scrambler and the Clue
 Lofty and the Teddy Bear Rescue
 Muck and the Old School Wall
 Scoop's Big Job
 Dizzy Finds a Pirate
 Roley and the Seagull
Mini Series 2: The Big Dino Dig
 Lofty and the Diggers Three
 Scoop and the Roller Coaster
 Rubble and the Seagull Surprise
 Roley and the Impossible Bump
 Muck's Train to Trouble
A Dinosaur for Scratch
International broadcast 
Bob the Builder is broadcasted internationally and is available in several languages, including English, French, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, Slovene, German, Dutch, Hebrew, Hindi, Serbo-Croatian, Bengali, and others.

Impact
Bob the Builder was nominated in the BAFTA "Pre-school animation" category from 1999 to 2009, and won the "Children's Animation" category in 2003 for the special episode "A Christmas to Remember". Of the show's success, Sarah Ball said:

References

Other websites 
 Official Website

Channel 5 (UK) television programmes
1999 British television series debuts
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
2011 British television series endings
2015 British television series debuts
2018 British television series endings
Children's television series
PBS Kids shows
Television characters
CBeebies
An open license or free license is a license that allows others to re-use an author's work as they wish. Without such a license, such use is generally prohibited by copyright law or a closed license.

Licenses

By type of license 
 Public domain licenses
 Creative Commons CC0
 WTFPL
 Unlicense
 Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL)
 Permissive licenses
 BSD License
 MIT License
 Mozilla Public License (file-based permissive copyleft)
 Creative Commons Attribution
 Copyleft & patentleft licenses
 GNU GPL, LGPL (weaker copyleft), AGPL (stronger copyleft)
 Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike
 Mozilla Public License
 Common Development and Distribution License
 GFDL (without invariant sections)
 Free Art License

By type of content 
 Open-source software
 The Open Source Definition
 Open Content
 Open Content License
 Open Publication License
 Open-source hardware
 Open database
 Creative Commons v4
 Open Database Licence
By authors 
 Creative Commons
 Free Software Foundation
 Open Source Initiative
 Microsoft
 Microsoft Public License
 Microsoft Reciprocal License
 Open Content Project
 Open Data Commons from Open Knowledge Foundation
 Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL)
 Attribution License (ODC-By)
 Open Database License (ODC-ODbL)
European Union
European Union Public Licence

Related pages 
 Open content
 Openness

References

Licenses
Construction
The combination padlock is usually made with a metal "can" with three tumblers inside connected to a dial on the front. The mechanism is very similar to combination locks used in safes. When the correct combination is entered, the notches on the tumblers line up and allow a latch to fall into the notches, releasing the shackle. Combination locks of this type are not recommended for outdoor use because they can fill up with rain water which causes them to rust.  

Some padlocks have a laminated body, constructed from a series of metal plates that are riveted together.
The shackle of most padlocks is made from hardened steel, although more expensive padlocks may have boron alloy steels to make them more difficult to cut. Inexpensive padlocks usually have a shackle made of ordinary steel. Corrosion-resistant padlocks usually have a brass or stainless steel shackle although these materials have low hardness and are easily cut with bolt-cutters. The material that the shackle is made of is usually stamped in the center of the shackle. For example, a hardened steel shackle will be stamped "HARDENED" or a boron alloy shackle will be stamped "BORON ALLOY". Alloy steels with appropriate heat treating provide much higher cutting resistance to bolt-cutters.  Alloy steel shackles are plated with another metal such as nickel or chrome to protect them from rust. The body of the padlock is usually also plated. Brass and stainless steel padlocks do not need plating, although they are sometimes plated anyway for appearance.
Stamp on shackle
The stamp on the shackle indicates what material it is made of. The most common are:
 Hardened - Hardened steel, most common
 Case hard - Also hardened steel, found on older padlocks
 Stainless - Stainless steel
 Boron alloy - Boron alloy steel
 Boron carbide - Found on Master Lock Magnum.
 Special alloy - Found on some Abus padlocks
 Molybdenum - Molybdenum alloy steel
 Unstamped - Normal steel (when silver) or brass (when gold)

Common uses
 School and gym lockers
 Cabinets
 Self-storage
 Gates
 Shed doors
 Windows
 Vending machines
 Truck doors
 Bicycles and motorcycles
 Safety switches
 Storage boxes
 Refrigerators and freezers
 Garage doors
 Trailers
 Toolboxes
 Small cash boxes

Manufacturers
 Master Lock
 Abloy
 Abus
 American Lock
 CJSJ

 Medeco
 ASSA
 Sargent and Greenleaf
 Brinks
 Wordlock

Locks
A dial is 

The face of a watch, clock or other instrument
a knob with numbers all around it. It can spin, and is usually used for the following purposes:
used to open some locks and lockers
used on old-modeled telephones for dialing
used on most safes
A market economy is economy in which the prices of the products and services are chosen in a free price system that is decided by supply and demand. It began around the late 18th century, after the Industrial Revolution. A key work was Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, 1776.

Market economics has been widely used because of its efficiency (ability to work well). However, it has also been criticized for its selfishness and the difference between the rich and poor. In the real world, market economies are not purely market economies, as societies and governments control them in some ways instead of market forces. The expression free-market economy is sometimes used as the same as market economy. Nobel Prize in Economics winner Ludwig von Mises said that a market economy is still a market economy even if the government joins in pricing.
In a market economy, the following will be true:
The Factors of production are privately owned. Production occurs from an initiative of the owners.
The only way to get revenue is through services, or through the profits of private companies.
There is no planned economy
There are no regulatory economics
The market participants are free to choose the products they buy, the profession they exercise, and whether to save or invest their money.

Sometimes, market economy does not work as expected, the following may be observed:
For certain goods or services there may be monopolies or cartels.
Some goods may be public.
There may be externalities
There may be Information asymmetry, that is not all participants have the same information

Related pages 
 command economy - contrary notion
 market

References 

Economics
Mayra Verónica (named Mayra Verónica Aruca Rodríguez)  is a Cuban model and singer. She was born in Havana, Cuba and grew up in the United States. Verónica appeared on Hispanic Univision, television commercials, FHM magazines and calendar and music videos. She works with the USO.

Early life

Mayra Verónica was born in Havana, Cuba on 20 August 1980. Sometimes her birth date appears as 20 August 1980 or 20 August 1983. Celebrity Birthday lists her as 32 years old (July 2010), born in 1977.

In 1984, she came to the US with her mother, Mayra Rodriguez. They left behind the rest of her family– her father Arturo Aruca, and sister Giselle Guzman. Her father came to the US a year later and reunited with Veronica and her mother, while her sister was unable to meet them until 13 years later. Verónica spoke about her difficult childhood. She grew up with little money and food was sometimes scarce.
Verónica was a good student. She learned ballet with help from paying students from her school who could afford the training. In junior high school, her now famous curves developed. She said it made ballet difficult, but boys liked it. Her first boyfriend at the age of 15 was an artist of the same age who often painted her in little or no clothing.

Verónica attended Florida International University where she studied psychology and theater.

Work

Modeling

After joining a local beauty pageant and becoming Miss Miami, she met a photographer who took pictures for the event. The photographer invited her to his studio for free photo sessions. Mayra's first modeling job led to another job as a reporter for a local TV celebrity news show. She had no reporting experience, but she was a competent reporter.
She was promoted to hostess for the show, where she interviewed Donald Trump, Ivana Trump, Oscar de la Renta, Burt Reynolds, Dennis Rodman, Hugh Hefner, Marc Anthony, and many more. Verónica continued actress training in New York.

Verónica obtained a made-for-TV movie role called The Suitor. She also worked in commercials for Nike, L'Oréal, Ford, Colgate, Burger King, and Coca-Cola. When Univision started a new TV talk show, they asked her to be their model and co-host, but there was one catch. Due to her ample curves, her last appearance on screen for the day would show her backside on camera before she turned to face the camera. Verónica did it gladly. Once the show aired, the model with the great backside became the talk of Latinos everywhere. Eventually her fame spread through North America.

Cover girl
Cover girl

Veronica appeared in  FHM magazine (For Him Magazine), and also on the cover of the FHM book, which included top sex symbols such as Pamela Anderson, Eva Longoria, and Carmen Electra. Verónica appeared on more than 100 magazine covers. Her web site became very popular and FHM received many letters requesting that she appear again.

The US Marines voted Verónica their favorite pin-up girl. When soldiers stationed in Iraq sent emails asking for her posters and calendars, Verónica's managers sent the soldiers 5000 posters. The USO asked her to tour with US soldiers in Iraq.

USO tour

The Thanksgiving USO tour included General James Cartwright, actor Wilmer Valderrama, and comedian Russell Peters. They traveled 6 places in 6 days (Iraq, Afghanistan, Germany, Turkey, Africa, and Greenland). The troops' appreciation was overwhelming. Although Veronica had decided not to do more calendars, she changed her mind and decided to do one in 2008, dedicating proceeds to the Wounded Warrior Project.
Upon her return from the tour, fans described Verónica as a "modern day Betty Grable". Verónica continued touring with the USO and became an official spokesperson.

In 2009, the New York Stock Exchange asked Verónica to ring the bell for the Fourth of July celebration. Verónica promoted organizations for which she advocates, the USO and UNICEF, and brought them to the bell ringing ceremony.

Music

Vengo con To

During her time with the Univision TV Network, Veronica met top music producers who worked with her on her first music album. It was titled Vengo Con To''' (I'm coming at you with everything). It was a popular time for reggaetón music and Verónica's album included as its first single "Vengo Con To". The song soared to number 1 in New York and made top 40 on Billboard. The video was banned from Latin television because her curves appeared too much for TV.
Europe did not seem to mind and Mayra signed a contract with a German company for the release of the album in Europe. The album's popularity brought Verónica a deal with Motown, which put out a second single from the album titled "Mamma Mia" which performed well on radio.

A third single, "Es Tan Dificil Olvidarte", dedicated to the soldiers who died, put Verónica in the top 10 on the pop contemporary charts. Verónica continued her work with the troops by visiting the wounded at Camp Lejeune.

Saint nor Sinner

Verónica began 2010 on the cover of Billboard magazine with a new single, "If You Wanna Fly," that reached #13 on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Play chart and #15 on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart. She continues working with producer Eddie Galan of Mach 1 Music, with a new album titled Saint Nor Sinner'' due out in 2010.

Honors
Honors

Verónica has been a Maxim (magazine) cover girl in other countries such as Philippines, Spain, and Germany She was also the first Cuban-American to ring the bell at NASDAQ on 3 July 2008

She was also honored by FHM magazine:
 Ranked #86 in FHM magazine's "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2005"
 Ranked #67 in FHM magazine's "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2006"

Personal info

Verónica is unmarried but otherwise keeps her personal relationships private.

Verónica likes to invest in the stock market.

Verónica is not athletic, but she enjoys soccer and supports the USA team.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 
 Mayra Veronica Interview
 Mayra Veronica at Ask Men 
 

1980 births
Living people
Singers from Miami
Latin singers
Musicians from Havana
Models from Florida
Epidexipteryx ('display feather') is a genus of small maniraptoran dinosaurs, known from one fossil specimen in Beijing. Epidexipteryx is the earliest known example of ornamental feathers in the fossil record. It is a small maniraptoran dinosaur from the Middle or Upper Jurassic age Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia, China (perhaps 160 to 168 million years ago).

Structure 
It is known from a well preserved partial skeleton that includes four long feathers on the tail, composed of a central rachis and vanes. However, unlike in modern-style tail feathers, the vanes were not branched but made up of a single ribbon-like sheet. Epidexipteryx also preserved a covering of simpler body feathers. They are unique in that some appear to arise from a "membranous structure".

In all, the skeleton of Epidexipteryx hui measures 25 centimeters (10 inches) in length (44.5 cm or 17.5 in including the incomplete tail feathers), and the authors estimated a weight of 164 grams, smaller than most other early dinobirds.
The skull of Epidexipteryx is also unique in a number of features. It had teeth only in the front of the jaws, with unusually long front teeth angled forward, a feature only seen in Masiakasaurus among other theropods. The tail of Epidexipteryx bore unusual vertebrae towards the tip which resembled the feather-anchoring pygostyle of modern birds and some oviraptors.

Despite its close relationship to avialan birds, Epidexipteryx appears to have lacked wing feathers, and so it could not fly. Zhang et al. suggest that unless Epidexipteryx evolved from flying ancestors and subsequently lost its wings, this may indicate that advanced display feathers on the tail may have predated flying or gliding flight.
Dating 
There is uncertainty about the age of the Daohugou Beds in which this fossil was found. Various papers have placed the fossils here anywhere from the Middle Jurassic (169 million years ago) to the Lower Cretaceous (122 ma). The age of this formation has implications for the relationship between similar dinosaurs, as well as for the origin of birds in general. A Middle Jurassic age would mean that the bird-like dinosaurs in the Daohugou beds are older than the 'first bird', Archaeopteryx, which was late Jurassic in age. Until this question is decided, the significance of Epidexipteryx (and other early dinobirds from that area) is not clear.

References

Other websites 
 

Coelurosaurs
Fossils
Jurassic dinosaurs
Feathered dinosaurs
A driver is a person who controls a vehicle. A driver may be a job such as a bus driver or a hobby such as a race car driver. 

Vehicles
Taylor Daniel Lautner (; born February 11 1992) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jacob Black in the Twilight Saga movie series, though he has also been in family movies and done voiceover work for animated cartoons.

Early life 
Lautner was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. His parents are Deborah, who works for a software development company, and Daniel Lautner, a commercial airline pilot. Lautner was raised as a Roman Catholic in Hudsonville, Michigan. He went to Jamestown Elementary School until the age of eleven, when the family moved to the Santa Clarita area. Lautner is of mostly Dutch, French, and German ancestry, and claims some Native American ancestry through his mother. He has a younger sister, Makena. He has learnt karate since the age of six.

Related pages 
 Twilight (2008 movie)

References 

1992 births
Living people
Actors from Michigan
American movie actors
American voice actors
Actors from Grand Rapids, Michigan
The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, (simplified Chinese: 汉语水平考试; traditional Chinese: 漢語水平考試; hanyu pinyin: Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì), shortened as HSK, is the People's Republic of China's only standardized test of Standard Mandarin Chinese proficiency for non-native speakers, such as foreign students, overseas Chinese, and members of ethnic minority groups in China. It is also known as the "Chinese Proficiency Test".

Every year, HSK certificates are issued to those who score well enough. The HSK is primarily conducted in Simplified Chinese.

References

Other websites
 Hong Kong Test Centre (Yale-China Chinese Language Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Chinese language
The Foxtrot, or Slow foxtrot, is an English ballroom dance which developed from American band music. It is now one of the international standard ballroom dances. All ballroom dance competitions controlled by the World Dance Council include the Foxtrot.

History
All the standard ballroom dances had their origins abroad, but were adapted and modified by English dancers into their modern style. The Waltz came from Germany around 1810. The Tango came from Argentina. The Foxtrot and Quickstep were greatly influenced by American music.

Influences from America
The Boston 
An American dance called the Boston arrived in England about 1903. This had fairly slow, gliding steps. It is a characteristic of the Foxtrot that in the basic steps, unlike the other dances, the feet slide past each other rather than coming together. The Boston seems to have been the first dance to move the feet in this way. The Boston also was the first ballroom dance to be done with feet parallel (rather than turned out, as in ballet).
"The Boston, surely, was the first true example of the smooth flow and natural walking movement of this form".p165
The Boston, like much else, was finished off by the First World War. Crowded dance floors in wartime left no room for it, and new musical imports arrived from America.