Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
400–499

500–599

600–699
The majority of buses numbered between 600 and 699 are school services, running once on each weekday peak period during school term time. The exception to this is route 607, a limited stop express route.

700–799

900–999

Route numbers from 900 to 999 represent Mobility Buses; these provide a once-a-week return journey to a local shopping centre from relatively low-density neighbourhoods where there is no alternative route in the main bus network. The number of Mobility Buses routes has declined because low-floor and wheelchair-accessible buses run on all London Buses routes.

Letter prefixes

Night only routes (N-prefixed)

Night bus routes are often related to the day numerical equivalent, normally running the same route but with an extension at either end of the service. This is normally to provide a night service to destinations served by tube or train during the day.
However, there are a few N-prefixed route numbers that have no relation to their daytime equivalents: the N5, N20, and N97 all operate in a different part of London to their respective day routes, and the N550 and N551 (which provide night service on parts of the DLR network) have no corresponding daytime routes.

There are also 24-hour routes, which run day and night but usually with a lower frequency during the night hours. The vast majority run the same route at all times. With the introduction of the Night Tube, some day routes have been extended to run during Friday and Saturday nights to serve the stations.

Temporary routes
There are four special express routes that run during the Notting Hill Carnival: 2X, 36X, 205X and 436X.

Former routes

This list shows some old routes that used to operate but do not exist anymore. Services withdrawn before 1994 are not listed.

Related pages
 :Category:London bus operators

References
References

Bibliography
 Atkin, Michael. "THIS SCEPTRED ISLE", The Guardian 
 Carr, Ken, The London Bus Guide. Boreham: Visions International Entertainment, 2011. ISBN 978-0-9570058-0-8.

Other websites
 London Buses 

Public transport in the United Kingdom
London-related lists
Transport lists
First London was a bus company operating services in Greater London. It was part of FirstGroup and operated buses under for Transport for London. It was formed in the late 1990s through the purchase of three London bus operators. First London's garages were sold off between December 2007 and July 2013 with the last closing in September 2013.

London bus operators
1997 establishments in England
2013 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Le Mesge is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
This is a list of communes of the Somme department in France. There are 782 communes in the department.

 
Somme
Ailly-sur-Noye is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Arquèves is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

In 2006, 151 people lived there.

Communes in Somme
Autheux is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Barly, Somme is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Beauquesne is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Bertrancourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Bourdon, Somme is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Brocourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Buire-Courcelles is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Buverchy is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Camps-en-Amiénois is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Le Cardonnois is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Cerisy is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

References 

Communes in Somme
La Chavatte is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Chuignolles is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Coigneux is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Contoire is a former commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Trois-Rivières.

References 

Former communes in Somme
Coulonvillers is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Courtemanche is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Le Crotoy is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Curlu is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Communes in Somme
Levenshtein distance is a way to calculate how different two words (or longer chains of symbols, like sentences or paragraphs) are from one another.

The simple way this works is by counting how many times you need to change one word to turn it into another word.

The three atomic 'changes' considered in this measure are: inserting a single symbol (usually a character, like letter, digit etc.), deleting a single character, and replacing (substitution) a single character with another one. Moving a character to another position in the text, swapping two characters, as well as adding, deleting or replacing longer blocks of characters (like words in a sentence) are not counted as single changes in this measure.

For example, the Levenshtein distance between "kitten" and "sitting" is 3, since the following three edits change one into the other, and there is no way to do it with fewer than three edits:
kitten → sitten (substitution of 's' for 'k')
 sitten → sittin (substitution of 'i' for 'e')
 sittin → sitting (insertion of 'g' at the end).

This can be used by various websites when you change your password to make sure you're not using a similar password that can decrease the security of the website. The given minimum distance between two passwords is recommended to be 5, so that means that 5 changes need to take place between your old password and your new password for certain websites to accept your new password.

This can also be used to estimate if one text is a plagiarism from the other one.

References

Security
Words
The Communauté de communes à l'Ouest d'Amiens  is a communauté de communes in the Somme department in the Picardie region of France.

Made up of 
This Communauté de communes is made of 18 communes:
Ailly-sur-Somme
Argœuves
Belloy-sur-Somme
Bourdon
Breilly
Cavillon
Crouy-Saint-Pierre
Ferrières
Fourdrinoy
Hangest-sur-Somme
La Chaussée-Tirancourt
Le Mesge
Picquigny
Saint-Sauveur
Saisseval
Seux
Soues
Yzeux

Related pages
Communes of the Somme department

References 
le splaf 
la base aspic
It ain't over 'til the fat lady sings is an English expression with a meaning similar to "Don't count your chickens before they hatch."  It is commonly used in sports journalism, most famously by Dan Cook. This happened on April 1978 after the first game between the San Antonio Spurs and the Washington Bullets (later renamed the Washington Wizards) during the National Basketball Association playoffs.  The Spurs had won the first game, but he pointed out that the series was not over yet, saying, "The opera ain't over till the fat lady sings."  (The Bullets won the series, and later the NBA title).

The "fat lady" means the fat Norwegian "Brünnhilde," singing the final tragic song, wearing a Viking helmet.  It can also refer to any female opera singer in general. The saying also means that "it's all over" when the fat lady sings.

References 

Journalism
Metaphors
Japan said that they will start releasing radioactive water into the ocean starting in 2023. They said they will continue doing this in segments through the next 40 years.

Related pages
 Japan Atomic Energy Agency

References

2011 disasters
Nuclear accidents
2010s disasters in Japan
2011 in Asia
Disasters in Japan
Robert Edmund Cormier (January 17, 1925 – November 2, 2000) was an American author, columnist, and reporter. His literature includes negative feelings and ideas. His most popular books include I Am the Cheese, After the First Death, We All Fall Down and The Chocolate War. All of those novels won awards. Many people tried to keep his first book, The Chocolate War out of libraries because they thought it was bad for children. His books often show abuse, mental illness, violence, revenge, betrayal and conspiracy. In most of his novels, the good characters fail.
Robert Cormier was born in Leominster, Massachusetts, United States, in the French-Canadian part of the town called French Hill. His parents were Geoffrey Leonard and Irma Cormier. Robert was the second of eight children. His family moved often to so they could pay their rent. However, they never left Leominster. Even when Robert was older, he stayed nearby. He owned a summer home 19 miles away from his hometown. Cormier studied at St. Cecilia's Parochial School. It was a private Catholic school. He began writing when he was in the first grade. He was praised at school for his poetry. He first decided to become a writer in 7th grade. He was encouraged by a nun to write a poem. He went Leominster High School and graduated as the president of his class. As a freshman at Fitchburg State College, he had his first short story published. A college professor, Florence Conlon, sent one of his stories to a national Catholic magazine called The Sign.  She did not ask Cormier before she sent the story to the magazine
. He was paid $75. Cormier early work was writing advertisements for radio. Later, he became an award-winning journalist. Even though he became widely known, he never stopped writing for his local newspaper, the Fitchburg Sentinel.
Writing 
Cormier became a full-time writer after his first novel for teenagers, The Chocolate War, became successful. Then he wrote other books such as I Am the Cheese and After the First Death. He thought young people in modern society experienced many problems. He put his thoughts and worries into his novels. Soon he became known as a very good writer. Cormier would not change his way of thinking to please other people. He won the Margaret A. Edwards Award from the Young Adult Services Division of the American Library Association. This award is for writers who give young adults a new way to see the world understand their place in society.

ICormier used real places in some of his books. His hometown, Leominster, became the town of Monument in the story. The real place French Hill became Frenchtown.

Actions against The Chocolate War
People have tried to ban The Chocolate War and keep it out of schools and libraries. They did not want children to read the book because it described sexual activity and used adult language. The book also described secret societies and students breaking rules. The book was challenged many times between 1990 and 2000. According to the American Library Association only three other books were challenged more often during that time.

Published works
Listed by publication date
Novels
 Now and At the Hour (1960)
 Mrs. Riley is a Bad Teacher (1962) (unpublished? manuscript only?)
 A Little Raw on Monday Mornings (1963)
 Take Me Where the Good Times Are (1965)
 The Chocolate War (1974)
 I Am the Cheese (1977)
 After the First Death (1979)
 The Bumblebee Flies Anyway (1983)
 Beyond The Chocolate War (1985)
 Fade (1988)
 Other Bells for Us to Ring (1990) (Published in U.K. in 1991 under the title Darcy)
 We All Fall Down (1991)
 Tunes for Bears to Dance To (1992)
 In the Middle of the Night (1995)
 Tenderness (1998)
 Heroes (1998)
 The Rag and Bone Shop (2001)

Collections
 Eight Plus One (1980)
 The Moustache (1974)
 Frenchtown Summer (1999)

Nonfiction
 I Have Words to Spend'' (1991)

References

Other websites
 Author's Page at Random House Publishing
 Meet the Writer  page on Barnes & Noble Website

1925 births
2000 deaths
Writers from Massachusetts
American children's writers
General Sir Ralph Darling (1772—1858) was an officer in the British Army and the Governor of New South Wales from 1825—1831. Darling was the first governor to work with an Executive Council, made up of the lieutenant-governor, chief justice, colonial secretary and the archdeacon. These four people and another three people that Darling could select would make up the Legislative Council. Darling was expected to follow their advice in governing New South Wales.

References

1772 births
1858 deaths

Governors of New South Wales
British Army officers
The Chicago Blues Festival is a blues festival in Chicago held every year in June since 1984. The festival is hosted by the City of Chicago Mayor's Office of Special Events. It is held at Petrillo Music Shell and four other stages in Grant Park at the waterfront of Lake Michigan. The festival is free and it is the largest free blues festival in the world. Most of the musicians come from Chicago.

Chicago was very important for the development of Blues. Many people from the south went to Chicago to find a better life and the brought their musical tradition with them. In the clubs of the South Side a new style, known as Chicago blues, developed. Many musicans made the city famous for it´s blues music scene.
This years festival will be held from June 10th-12th in the Grant Park. Artist are among others
 James “Super Chikan” Johnson
  Erwin Helfer Band featuring Katherine Davis
 Tribute to Robert Johnson: David “Honeyboy” Edwards, Rick Sherry, Rocky Lawrence, Hubert Sumlin and Duwayne Burnside Band
  Sam Lay Blues Band
  Tribute to Pinetop Perkins featuring Willie “Big Eyes” Smith and Friends
  John Primer
  Shemekia Copeland
  Lonnie Brooks with guests Michael “Iron Man” Burks, Rick Estrin Ann Rabson and Eddy “The Chief” Clearwater: 40th Anniversary of Alligator Records
The line up of the first Chicago Blues Festival
 James Cotton
 Junior Wells
 Jimmy Rogers
 Sammy Lawhorn
 Louis Myers
 Pinetop Perkins
 Calvin Jones
 Willie "Big Eyes" Smith
 Jerry Portnoy
 Carey Bell
 Sunnyland Slim Blues Band w/Louis Myers
 Robert Stoger
 Odie Payne, Jr.
 Willie Dixon & the Chicago Blues All Stars
 Johnny Winter and the Legendary Blues Band with Special Guests Koko Taylor and James Cotton
 Billy Branch and the Sons of Blues
 Lurrie Bell
 Little Ed Williams
 Gloria Hardiman
 Johnny B. Moore
 Sugar Blue
 Valerie Wellington
 Erwin Helfer, Blind John Davis, Estella Mama Yancey and Big Time Sarah
 Buckwheat Zydeco Ils Sont Parties Band
 Bobby Rush
 Texas Guitar Showdown featuring Clarence Gatemouth Brown, Albert Collins and Johnny Copeland with Special Guest Brother Jack McDuff
 Magic Slim & the Teardrops
 Homesick James, Snooky Pryor, Eddie Taylor
 Jimmy and Syl Johnson
 John Lee Hooker
 Bobby Blue Bland
References

Music in Chicago
June events
1964 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Illinois
Music festivals in the United States
Milton Keynes Central is a railway station in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is on the West Coast Main Line between Euston station in London and Glasgow.  It is about  northwest of London.

Milton Keynes
Railway stations in England

Buildings and structures in Buckinghamshire
The right to petition is when a country allows people to gather — electronically or not — and voice an opinion or problem they think should be corrected without arrest or punishment by the government.

Related pages
 Civil and political rights
 Petition

Rights
Human rights
Albanian may mean:

Someone or something from Albania
Albanians, people of Albania
Albanian language
The  is a railroad line in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the JR East system. The line runs from Kogota Station in Misato to Onagawa Station in Onagawa. It connects the Tōhoku Main Line to the central coast of Miyagi Prefecture. It connects with the Rikuu East Line and Tōhoku Main Line at Kogota Station, the Kesennuma Line at Maeyachi Station and the Senseki Line at Ishinomaki Station, both in Ishinomaki, Miyagi.

The line color is pink. 

The line is outside the area where Suica cards can be used. Riders should only use Suica between Kogata and Ishinomaki stations. Past those stations, there may be a special way to pay the fare using Suica.

The line was damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

About the line
Gauge (distance between rails): 1067mm
Stations: 14
Two-track line section: None, all single track line
Electrified line section: None
Maximum speed: 85km

Station list

Rail transport in Japan
1912 establishments in Asia
1910s establishments in Japan
is a town in Miyagi Prefecture. Fishing is an important business in this town. The JR East Ishinomaki Line stops here at Onagawa Station. The town was badly damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

The tsunami reached a maximum of 15 metres in height and went as much as one kilometer in from the coast. According to some accounts the wave was even higher in places. It destroyed the town center. At least 1,300 people died.

Gallery of photos of tsunami damage and rescue efforts

Transportation

Train stations
 Ishinomaki Line: Urashuku - Onagawa

Major roads
 Route 398

Energy
There are three nuclear reactors in Onagawa. They can produce up to 2,174 megawatts of electricity. The plants automatically shut down after the March 11 earthquake without any accidents. There is no plan to start the plants again during 2011.

Education

High schools 
 Miyagi Onagawa High School is a prefectural high school.
Junior High Schools 
 Onagawa Public Junior High School Number 1
 Onagawa Public Junior High School Number 2

Elementary Schools 
 Onagawa Public Elementary School Number 1
 Onagawa Public Elementary School Number 2
 After severe tsunami damage to the town hall, the Emergency Response Office moved to this school.

 Onagawa Public Elementary School Number 4

References

Towns in Japan
Settlements in Miyagi Prefecture
is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city has an estimated population of 138,538, and a population density of 250 persons per km2 in 61,919 households. The total area of the city is .

Ishinomaki was one the cities most seriously affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Between 1 March and 31 August 2011, many people left Ishinomaki. 6,500 fewer people, or 4%, lived there.

References

Cities in Miyagi Prefecture
Ibrahim Sekagya (born 19 December 1980 in Kampala) is a Ugandan football player. He plays plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He is a defender.

Career
He started playing football with Kampala City Council in 1998. He went to Argentina, where he played for Atletico Rafaela (2nd division) and for Ferro Carril Oeste (3rd division). His last club in Argentina was Arsenal de Sarandí(Primera División) where he played two seasons. 2007 he was transferred to Europe for 1 million €, what made him the most expensive player from Uganda. He signed for three years and soon became a regular player for FC Red Bull Salzburg.

Sekagya also plays for the Ugandan national football team and is the team's captain.

Honours
Argentinia:Champion (3rd division) with Ferro Carril Oeste
Austria:Champion 2009 and 2010 with Red Bull Salzburg

Other websites

Guardian football stats 
Players profile Red Bull Salzburg Official page (German)

1980 births
People from Kampala
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
Oakwood is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly Line. It is the second most northerly station on the line, between Southgate and Cockfosters stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 5.  The station is on the edge of the Oakwood area of Enfield (N14) and is at the junction of Bramley Road (A110) and Chase Road (the other end of Chase Road is close to Southgate tube station).

Related pages
List of London Underground stations

References

Other websites
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 

Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Grade II listed buildings in London
Grade II listed railway stations
Railway stations opened in 1933
Charles Holden buildings
1933 establishments in the United Kingdom
Liberty Mutual Group, normally known as Liberty Mutual, is a worldwide insurance company. It was started in 1912. The head office is based in Boston, Massachusetts. It employs over 45,000 people in over 900 offices around the world.
They are the third largest property and casualty insurer in the United States based on 2010 written premium. Liberty Mutual rank 77th on the Fortune 100 list of largest corporations in the U.S. based on 2019 revenue. As of December 31, 2019, they had $43.2 billion in annual consolidated revenue.

The company sells a lot of different insurance products, like car insurance, home insurance and business insurance. It also owns other insurance companies (completely or partly) in countries like Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China (including Hong Kong), Colombia, India, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Venezuela, and Vietnam.

The current head of the business (CEO) is Edmund (Ted) F. Kelly.  He was appointed CEO in 1998.
History 
Liberty Mutual started in 1912 under the name "Massachusetts Employees’ Insurance Association" (MEIA). The name was changed in 1917 to the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, and through partnerships with other companies, they started to sell full cover car policies.

In 1964 Liberty Mutual began offering life insurance through its Liberty Life Assurance part of the business.

Over the years, Liberty Mutual has bought a number of other large companies. As an example, in 2008 they bought the Safeco Corporation. Liberty Mutual agreed to buy all outstanding shares of Safeco for $68.25 per share, for a total price of approximately $6.2 billion.
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety 
In 1954, the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety was started. It studies safety and health of people at work. Its work has helped to  specify machine safeguarding guidelines (how to work safely with machines), the Cornell-Liberty Survival Car, and ergonomic guidelines. They helped to form the basis for national and international safety standards.

The Institute's scientists do field and laboratory experiments on the main causes of work-related injury and disability. They publish their findings in scientific literature. The findings are the basis for safety programs, advice and software. They are used by Liberty Mutual loss control consultants to help policyholders improve worker safety. The Institute’s work is available to the public.

References

Other websites 
 LibertyMutual.com 
 LibertyMutualGroup.com
Insurance companies of the United States
20th-century establishments in Massachusetts
1912 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Boston
Southgate is a London Underground Piccadilly Line station. It is in Southgate, between Arnos Grove and Oakwood stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 4.

References

Other websites
 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 
 
 
 
Charles Holden.com 
 Southgate station, external 
 Southgate station, internal 
 Southgate station, at night 

Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Grade II* listed buildings in London
Art Deco buildings
Railway stations opened in 1933
Charles Holden buildings
1933 establishments in the United Kingdom
Bounds Green tube station is a London Underground station. It is at the junction of Bounds Green Road and Brownlow Road, in North London.

The station is on the Piccadilly Line, between Wood Green and Arnos Grove stations. It is on the boundary between Travelcard Zone 3 and Zone 4.

References

Other websites
 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 
 

Piccadilly line stations
Railway stations opened in 1932
Charles Holden buildings
1932 establishments in the United Kingdom
1930s establishments in England
Tube stations in the London Borough of Haringey
Wood Green is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly Line. The station is between Turnpike Lane and Bounds Green stations and is in Travelcard Zone 3. It is located at junction of Wood Green High Road and Lordship Lane. It serves Wood Green Shopping City and the nearby Haringey Council administrative complex as well as a densely populated residential area.

Related pages
List of London Underground stations

References

Other websites

 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 

Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations opened in 1932
Charles Holden buildings
The Macquarie River is one of the main inland rivers in New South Wales. It begins in the central highlands of New South Wales near the town of Oberon.  The river flows northwest past the towns of Bathurst, Wellington, Dubbo, Narromine, and Warren to the Macquarie Marshes. The Macquarie Marshes then drain into the  lower Barwon River and then into the Darling River

Burrendong Dam is a large dam (capacity 1,190,000 Megalitres) near Wellington which holds the waters of the Macquarie River and its tributaries the Cudgegong River and the Turon River to stop floods and provide water for irrigation. The dam made Lake Burrendong.

Geography
The Macquarie River flows for 626 kilometres and drops around 517 metres over its length. Lake Burrendong (346m) is the only dam on the river.

Sources
The Macquarie River starts at White Rock, near Oberon at an elevation of 671m.
Tributaries
Six rivers flow into the Macquarie River:
 Fish River (670m)
 Turon River (406m)
 Cudgegong River (342m)
 Bell River (285m)
 Little River (271m)
 Talbragar River (257m)

There are 19 creeks that flow into the Macquarie River:
 Winburndale Rivulet (484m)
 Tambaroora Creek (398m)
 Pyramul Creek (360m)
 Curragurra Creek (351m)
 Triamble Creek (342m)
 Wuuluman Creek (302m)
 Wambangalong Creek (265m)
 Cumboogle Creek (263m)
 Mogriguy Creek (257m)
 Whylandra Creek (255m)
 Coolbaggie Creek (246m)
 Brummagen Creek (239m)
 Gin Gin Creek (217m)
 Greenhide Creek (209m)
 Bulla Bulla Creek (202m)
 Five Mile Cowal (187m)
 Marebone Break (184m)
 Bulgeraga Creek (179m)
 Oxley Break (171m). (descending elevation shown in brackets)

Towns along the river
 Bathurst
 Wellington
 Dubbo
 Narromine
 Warren
Bridge crossings
 Old Rail Bridge - Bathurst, is no longer used
 New Rail Bridge - Bathurst
 Evans Bridge - Bathurst
 Denison Bridge - Bathurst, (built 1869-1870) replaced a bridge was washed away by floods in 1867
LH Ford Bridge - Dubbo, 
Emile Serisier Bridge - Dubbo , low bridge used for heavy vehicles. Prone to flooding
 Rawsonville Bridge - Dubbo, is a Dare type timber truss bridge, and was completed in 1916 Scabbing Flat Bridge - is a Dare type timber truss bridge, and was completed in 1911
 Dundullimal Rail Bridge

Watershed
The Macquarie system covers an area of more than 74,000 square kilometres. Over 72% of land is flat, and 17% is hilly. The rest is steep to mountainous, reaching 900 metres.
The east boundary is formed by the Great Dividing Range, from near Oberon in the south to Coolah in the north. A mountain ridge goes north-west from the Great Dividing Range for about 400 kilometres, then the boundary turns north.
From Bathurst, near the start of the river it passes the following geographic areas:
 the Bathurst Plains, undulating country about 700 metres above sea level surrounded by high tablelands on all sides. This includes a large floodplain around Bathurst
 the Hill End Plateau where it is joined from the east by the Turon river. The Turon drains a plateau extending from near Portland to Sofala. This area is about 1100 metres above sea level in the south and 700 metres in the north. The area is mainly rugged mountain slopes
 Burrendong Dam, the Macquarie River is joined from the east by the Cudgegong River. This rises in the hills around Rylstone about 700 metres above sea level.
through Wellington and Dubbo, the river is joined by the Bell and Little Rivers. The Bell River rises in flat to undulating country of the Orange plateau, about 900 metres above seal level. The highest point is the extinct volcanic peak of Mount Canobolas which 1,400 metres above sea level. Between Wellington and Dubbo large flat areas are evident.
 north of Dubbo, the Talbragar River joins the Macquarie. The Talbragar is the most important downstream tributary. This river rises in mountainous country at the junction of the Great Dividing Range and the Warrumbungle Range. The country through which the Talbragar River flows is broad and flat, bordered by undulating hills that become smaller as the river nears Dubbo.
 north of Dubbo, the river passes through flat plains flowing north-west through Narromine and Warren. A complex series of creeks connecting the Macquarie, Darling and Bogan Rivers.
Macquarie Marshes are at the end of the river channel proper. Near Carinda, the Macquarie is joined by the Marthaguy Creek which drains an area 6,500 square kilometres and carries flood water from the Macquarie and Castlereagh Rivers.
Rainfall varies across the area drained by the Macquarie River. The mountain the peaks and tablelands receive higher rainfall due to the shadowing effects of the surrounding ranges. The Great Dividing Range area receives between 750 to 900 mm annual median rainfall. This is falls evenly throughout the year. Gaps in the Dividing Range allows moist easterly air to pass inland, annual median rainfall of 750 mm or more is experienced further westward. Further north-west it is drier, in the Castelreagh and middle portions of the Macquarie valleys the annual median rainfall is 300 to 400 mm.

Rainfall can vary dramatically over several years. Records show that rainfall can be 200% or less than 50% of the average annual figure. Evaporation varies from less than 1000 mm south-east of Bathurst up to more than 2000 mm at Bourke.

Statistics
Statistics

Aboriginal history
The Wiradjuri people are the original people to live in the Macquarie River area. The Wiradjuri called the river Wambool. The famous Wiradjuri warrior Windradyne came from the upper Macquarie River region. He was killed in a tribal battle alongside the river in 1829.

Near Carinda between the Macquarie River and Marra Creek, the oldest evidence of bread making in the world (about 30,000 years old) was found at an ancient lake known as Cuddie Springs.

European history
The upper parts of the Macquarie River were first seen by Europeans in 1813. The river was named for the Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie. In 1813 surveyor George Evans wrote in his journal:

Tuesday, 30th November 1813. I have at length reached the Ridge I so much wished to do after walking about 2 Miles, where I had a prospect to the North for a great distance; A Mist arises from a part I suppose to be a River or a large Lagoon about 20 Miles Off;
Thursday, 9th December 1813. I have called the Main Stream "Macquarie River".

In 1817-18 John Oxley followed the Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers. In 1828 Charles Sturt proved that Macquarie River ended in marshes. He later explored the Darling River

Irrigation
The Macquarie River area is a regulated Water Management Area and includes private irrigation as well as several public irrigation schemes
 Narromine - Trangie
 Buddha Lakes
 Tenandra
 Trangie – Nevertire
 Nevertire
 Marthaguy

Flooding

The Macquarie River has a history of flooding. After major floods water can flow past the Macquarie Marshes and into the Barwon-Darling river system upstream of Brewarrina.
Floods
 1867, floods washed away the first Denison Bridge at Bathurst
 1955, serious flooding of Macquarie River amongst other river systems
 1998, there was a large flood that affected the farming of cotton and vegetables.
 2010 November/December saw major flooding of the lower Macquarie River following heavy rainfall events throughout Eastern Australia

Recreation
Recreational activities are popular along the length of the river particularly in the communities it passes by.

 Fishing - The following species of fresh water fish can be caught; brown trout, carp, catfish, golden perch, murray cod, rainbow trout, redfin, silver perch, trout cod and yabbies.
 Lake Burrendong - a large dam very popular for water sports include skiing, jet skis, sailing, and general boating.
 Parks - in Bathurst along the bank of the river is Bi-Centennial Park, used for picnics, events, and bicycle riding.

References
References

Other websites
 Government - Department of Environment, Macquarie Catchment Map
 NSW Government - Daily river reports 

Rivers of New South Wales
Turnpike Lane tube station is a station at Turnpike Lane on the Piccadilly Line of the London Underground, between Manor House and Wood Green stations, and in Travelcard Zone 3.

References

Other websites
Architectural history and photograph of Turnpike Lane in 1932  from the Royal Institute of British Architects

Piccadilly line stations
Transport architecture in London
Tube stations in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations opened in 1932
Charles Holden buildings
Manor House tube station is a station on the Piccadilly line of the London Underground, on the boundary between Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3. It straddles the border between the London Boroughs of Hackney and Haringey, the postal address and three of the entrances being in the former, and one entrance in the latter.

References

Piccadilly line stations
Transport in the London Borough of Hackney
Tube stations in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations opened in 1932
Charles Holden buildings
Janemba is the penultimate villain in the Dragon Ball Z movies, before Hirudegarn. He appears in the twelfth movie of the series.

Janemba's Appearance 
Janemba starts out as a very large but incredibly round blob.
When Goku hurts Janemba greatly he reverts to a smaller, thinner, yet far more powerful form, Super Janemba. He has purple armor and red skin with a tail.
Janemba was originally an ogre for King Yemma, working at a machine that could bring back the dead. When the machine malfunctioned, the Ogre turned into Janemba. Meanwhile, the malfunctioning brought all the dead villains back to life on Earth, under Frieza's command. Hercule goes to deal with the zombies, while Goku and Pikkon go to deal with Janemba, who has trapped King Yemma inside his palace. Janemba, Goku, and Pikkon begin their fight in the Underworld. Goku is able to deal with Janemba after some battling, and the monster reverts into Super Janemba. Super Janemba's immense power level allows him to easily deal with Super Saiyan 3 Goku, Pikkon, and Vegeta, who had been given his body temporarily to help fight Janemba. Eventually, Goku and Vegeta fuse, but something goes wrong, and they become a very fat and weak fusion named Veku. King Kai blames the messed up fusion on Vegeta, because he did not stretch his index finger out
. Veku propels himself away from Super Janemba for the next 30 minutes by farting. In those 30 minutes, Goten and Trunks fight a revived Hitler. They begin easily dealing with him and the Nazis, eventually beating him as Super Gotenks with a Super Kamikaze Ghost Attack. Just after, Hercule is doing a good job fending off the zombies, while Frieza taunts Gohan and Videl. He orders his men to attack the couple, but Gohan easily gets through them, and destroys Frieza with a Ki Blast and a punch to the gut at the same time. This makes all the remaining zombies retreat. Back in the Underworld, Goku and Vegeta unfuse, and try fusing again. This time, it is successful, and Super Gogeta was born. Super Gogeta made quick work of Super Janemba, and ultimately destroyed him.
After Death 
Janemba made no other appearances after death.

Forms 
Original- Janemba starts out as a large, yellow blob-like monster, and is also very fat.

Super Janemba- Super Janemba is far smaller and thinner than his original form. He is now red, with a purple chestplate, a purple hat like object on his head, and more. He has yellow eyes.

Moves 
Lightning Shower Rain- An attack that fires a short-ranged beam of energy. Used in the anime and can be used in Dragon Ball:

Raging Blast 2.
Super Explosive Cannon- An attack in which Super Janemba fires a powerful beam from his mouth. Is used on Pikkon in the anime in a combo, and can be used in Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2.

Instant Transmission- Super Janemba can also use Instant Transmission. Used in the anime and can be used on Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2.

Dimension Portal: Super Janemba can also create Dimension Portals, which allow him to move from place to place, as shown in the anime and Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2.
Dimension Sword Slice: Super Janemba slices his target repeatedly with his Dimension Sword, before teleporting in front of him/her and firing a Super Explosive Cannon.

Molecule Split: Super Janemba can split his molecules, making him seem to teleport. Janemba's dash in Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2.

Mini-forms: Janemba can create mini-versions of himself to attack.

Movies 
Janemba makes his only appearance in Dragon Ball Z movie 12, Fusion Reborn

Trivia 
Janemba cannot speak. In his original form, all he can say is his name, but as Super Janemba, all he makes are grunts and groans, similar to Kid Buu.

Dragon Ball characters
Patpong is an entertainment district and a red light district in Bangkok, Thailand. A busy night market aimed at tourists is also located in Patpong.

Other websites
Thailand.com article on Patpong. 

Bangkok
Mohamed Fairuz Fauzy (born October 24, 1982 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) is a race car driver.

Early career
Fauzy started competing in karting in 1994. In 1999, he moved to British Formula Ford. He moved to British Formula Renault in 2000, and to British Formula Three in 2002.

He moved to the GP2 Series for 2005 and 2006. He did not score any point in GP2. Fauzy raced in the A1 Grand Prix series for Team Malaysia. He then raced  in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series in 2007.

Fauzy returned to GP2 in 2008, driving for the Super Nova team in the GP2 Asia Series. In 2009, he raced in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for Mofaz Racing. He finish in second place in the championship standings.

Formula One 

Fauzy was one of Spyker F1's test and reserve drivers for , He was announced as the third driver for Lotus for the 2010 season.

Fauzy drove in the first free practice sessions at the Malaysian Grand Prix, the British Grand Prix, the German Grand Prix and the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
At the end of the 2010 season, Fauzy left Lotus Racing. He joined Renault as a test driver for the 2011 season.

Other racing 
Fauzy returned to full-time racing in 2011. He has re-signed for Super Nova Racing to drive in the 2011 GP2 Series season and 2011 GP2 Asia Series season.

Racing record

Career summary 

 Team standings
 Season in progress

Complete A1 Grand Prix results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete GP2 Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress

Complete GP2 Asia Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress

Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
References 
Career statistics from driverdb.com.  Retrieved on July 12, 2008.

Other websites

Official website 

1982 births
Living people
Malaysian sportspeople
GP2 Series drivers
People from Kuala Lumpur
Gas chromatography is a type of chromatography. The sample that is going to be tested  is first turned into a gas, and then carried through a column by a nonreactive 'carrier' gas such as helium or other inert gas such as nitrogen.  As the sample is carried through the column it is separated into its individual components.  To achieve this the column is housed inside an oven, where the temperature is controlled to allow the individual components to exit the column at different times.

Instrument

Carrier gas 
In selecting a carrier gas it is important to select a gas that will not react with the components of the sample.  The carrier gas should also be able to withstand high temperatures due to the oven.  The flow rate of the carrier gas is important in that if it is too high there is not enough time for the sample to interact with the column and no separation will be seen, if it is too slow the experiment may take a very long time.
Column 
The main type of columns used in gas chromatography is a capillary column.  Packed columns are created of fused silica or stainless steel.  To increase separation of a gas sample columns must be created of a large length and are coiled to fit inside of the oven.  Capillary columns are separated into two categories; wall coated open tubular and support coated open tubular.  WCOT are capillary tubes with a thin layer of stationary phase, and in SCOT, the tube is lined with a thin film of support material.  As the sample moves through the column the individual parts of the sample become contained with the material inside of the column and are then released.  This action allows for a sample to become separated.
Oven 
It is important that the oven is capable of maintaining a constant temperature.  Since movement of the sample through the column relies on the boiling point of the sample being analyzed, the oven should be set to a temperature that is slightly higher than its boiling point.  For samples with a large boiling range, a temperature program can be used, in which the column temperature is raised.  By using a high temperature, the sample moves through the column faster, while at lower temperatures the sample moves slower, but better resolution is achieved.
Detector 
Many types of detectors are used in gas chromatographic separations, with the most common are flame ionization, thermal conductivity, and mass spectrometry detectors.  In a flame ionization detectors, the separated sample from the column is directed into a flame.  By creating a voltage near the burner tip and the detector, the ions that are produced from the flame travel towards the detector.  Flame detectors are not capable of detecting H2O, CO2, SO2, and CO. 

With a thermal conductivity detector, the sample from the column is passed into an area that is electrically heated.  The thermal conductivity of the column is reduced when the sample passes over by.  When this occurs the detector heats up and measures the change in resistance.  The thermal conductivity detector is capable of detecting all types of compounds.
A mass spectrometer measures the mass to charge ratio of fragmented ions of a sample.  The output of a column can be feed directly into the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer.  A mass spectrometry detector is capable of being able to obtain information from incompletely separated components.  Two types of mass spectrometer detectors used are quadrupole and time of flight mass analyzers.  In a quadrupole detector, a voltage is produced which makes ions of a specific mass to travel to the detector.  In a time of flight mass analyzer, the speed of an ion is measured allowing the mass to charge ratio to be known.

Applications 
Gas chromatography is regularly used to describe what is inside a complex sample.  The information obtained from gas chromatography is placed into a graph of detector response versus the time the sample leaves the column.  If the separate parts of a complex sample come out at different times far apart from one another it is possible to determine what came out of the column.
If a sample is compared to a standard calibration it is possible to know how much of a separated part of the sample makes up the sample.  This is useful in monitoring quality of a product such as medicine, beverage, or perfume.

Laboratory techniques
Validity is an idea that is used in everyday language and in logic. In ordinary language it means correct or in the right form.

An argument is valid if it seems appropriate, well-grounded and can be defended. A contract is valid if it is enforceable in law. In other words, it applies legally to a particular situation. A bank-note is valid if it can be exchanged and used for purchase, and a passport is valid if it lets the holder come in and go out of a country. A will is valid if correctly made, and certified by an appropriate court. In all these cases, valid refers to the soundness in some situation. Logical uses of this idea are similar, but phrased much more exactly.

In logic 
It is nothing to do with ordinary ideas of truth. Truth points outwards to the world. Validity, on the other hand, points inwards to the syllogism.

The conclusion of a valid argument is a logical consequence of its premises. An example of a valid argument is given by the following well-known syllogism:
All men are mortal.
Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

However, this is also a valid syllogism:

All cups are green.
Socrates is a cup.
Therefore, Socrates is green.

And it is not true that Socrates was green.

The following is valid but not sound:

 All animals live on Mars.
 All humans are animals.
 Therefore, all humans live on Mars.

The problem with the argument is that it is not sound.  In order for a deductive argument to be sound, the deduction must be valid and all the premises true.

References 

Logic
King Duncan was the King of Scotland in William Shakespeare's play  Macbeth. He was seen as a nice king. He was friends with Macbeth.  He was murdered by Macbeth so that Macbeth can become king.

References

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Thomas Prichard (born August 8, 1959 in Pasadena, Texas) is an American professional wrestler who once worked for WWE. He is probably best known for his tag teams: The Heavenly Bodies and The Bodydonnas (under the name Zip). He was managed by Jim Cornette and Sunny. His brother is Bruce Prichard, better known as Brother Love.

He was fired by WWE in 2012.

References 

American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Texas
1959 births
Living people
The Dirac equation is an equation from quantum mechanics. Paul Dirac formulated the equation in 1928. The equation describes the behaviour of fermions (e.g. electrons and quarks), and takes special relativity into account. The equation showed the existence of antimatter. 
It does not change in Lorentz transformation. This means it is a differential equation of the same order in space and time.
The Pauli equation can be derived from a special case of the equation
It predicts the existence of antimatter particles, with the same mass and spin, but with the opposite charge. In 1931, Dirac predicted the existence of positrons, one year before the particles were found in an experiment.
It explains why the spin of the electrons in the Stern–Gerlach experiment acts like a magnet, which splits the silver atoms according to their spin.
The differential operator used in a special form of the equation is very important for differential geometry
Bloody Sunday was a day of violence in Dublin, Ireland, United Kingdom, on 21 November 1920. It happened during the Irish War of Independence. In total, 31 people were killed. This included fourteen British people, fourteen Irish civilians and three republican prisoners.

Other websites

1920 in the United Kingdom
1920s in Ireland
20th century in Dublin
Irish War of Independence
Massacres in Europe
November events
Police misconduct
Bloody Sunday can refer to several events:

 Bloody Sunday (1887), a protest against the British government in Ireland
 Bloody Sunday (1900), a day in the Second Boer War, South Africa
 Bloody Sunday (1905), a massacre in Saint Petersburg that led to the Russian Revolution of 1905
 Bloody Sunday (1920), a day of violence in Dublin during the Irish War of Independence
 Bloody Sunday (1921), a day of violence in Belfast during the Irish War of Independence
 Bloody Sunday (1926), a day of violence in Alsace
 Bloody Sunday (1938), a day of violence against protesters in Vancouver
 Bloody Sunday (1939), a massacre in Bydgoszcz, Poland, at the start of World War II
 Bloody Sunday (1965), a violent attack in Alabama, United States
 Bloody Sunday (1969), violence after a protest in Istanbul
 Bloody Sunday (1972), shooting of protesters by the British Army in Derry, Northern Ireland