Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Brendan O'Neill is the editor of Spiked Online, an internet magazine about politics. He also writes for The Big Issue, The Australian, and The Daily Telegraph.

References

Other websites
Official website

English journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Speciesism is thinking that humans are better than animals (although humans are technically also animals). It is also treating animals worse than humans. For example, humans often kill animals to eat. Humans rarely kill and eat other humans. The word 'speciesism' was first used in 1970 by Richard D. Ryder, an English philosopher, in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It was made popular by Peter Singer's 1975 book Animal Liberation. In the book the name of the fifth chapter was "Man's Dominion ... a short history of speciesism". The word 'speciesism' was first put in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1985.

Media
In 2013 a documentary movie about speciesism called Speciesism: The Movie was released. It was made by Mark Devries. In it he compares factory farming to slavery and the Holocaust.

References

Animal rights
Discrimination
The German Colony in Jerusalem is a neighbourhood in Jerusalem. It began as a colony established by German Templars in 1873. The colony was built in the Valley of Rephaim on the way to Bethlehem, next to the Greek Colony. The main street of the neighbourhood today is Emek Refaim Street. The Rephaim River passes through the valley. It is also known as "White Valley".

Other websites 
  the German Colony in Jerusalem from the Jerusalem webshots site

Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
The Greek Colony is a neighbourhood in Jerusalem. It started as a colony of Greeks in 1900. The Greek Colony is next to the German Colony at the end of Emek Refaim Street.

Other websites 

Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder (born 1940) is a British writer and psychologist. In 1969 he became involved with animal rights; he protested against an otter hunt in Dorset. In 1970 he made a new word, "speciesism". He used it in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It is now in the Oxford Dictionary. Ryder made a theory called painism in 1990. In 2001 a book that Ryder wrote about his theory of painism was published. It was called Painism: A Modern Morality. Painism is the idea that any being that feels pain deserves rights.

Ryder was born in Purbeck in Dorset. He grew up in Corfe Castle. 

In 1971 an essay that Ryder wrote about animal testing was published in the book Animals, Men and Morals.
In 1972 he joined the Council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). Ryder helped to organize the first academic conference about animal rights. The conference was in August 1977 at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1977 he became the chairman of the RSPCA. He stopped being the chairman in 1979.

His first book, Victims of Science, was first published in 1975. It is about how animals were used in scientific research at the time it was written.

References

Other websites
Official website

1940 births
Living people
Animal rights activists
English activists
British psychologists
Writers from Dorset
Clare Victoria Balding  (born 29 January 1971) is a British television presenter. She was born in Kingsclere, Hampshire. She is openly lesbian. In 2009, she was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. She recovered later that year. In 2012, a book she wrote about her life was published. It was called My Animals and Other Family. In February 2013, Woman's Hour, a programme on BBC Radio 4, put her on their list of the most powerful women in the UK. Balding presented Britain's Brightest in 2013.

References

1971 births
British autobiographers
English journalists
English LGBT writers
Lesbians
Living people
LGBT broadcasters
Television personalities from Hampshire
Writers from Hampshire
De Colores is a common folk song in the Spanish-speaking world. Today, it is the anthem of the United Farm Workers movement.

History
No one knows for sure when the song first began to be sung in the Americas. The melody is thought to have been used in North and South America since the 16th century, having been brought over from Spain in the colonial era. However, the version of the lyrics sung today is thought to have been created by a group of Cursillo participants in Majorca, Spain, after one of the earliest Cursillo retreats in the 1940s.

Today, in addition to being used as the unofficial anthem of the United Farm Workers movement, and as an inspirational song in Cursillo workshops, the song is often taught in schools in the United States—from elementary school to community colleges—as an example of a common American folk song. It often appears in collections of children's songs.
Common song words
De colores is usually sung in Spanish, but there are different English translations of the song. The song has also been translated into other languages. The lyrics depict an expression of joy and a celebration of all creation with its many bright colors.  Below are  four of the most commonly heard verses.   Many additional verses (and variations of these verses) are known to exist, some including Christian references and some including more specific to farm life or labor union issues to be used as a rallying-song for farm-laborers. 

Spanish Version:
     De colores, de colores
Se visten los campos en la primavera.
     De colores, de colores
Son los pajaritos que vienen de afuera.
     De colores, de colores
Es el arco iris que vemos lucir.

     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.
     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.
De colores, de colores
Brillantes y finos se viste la aurora.
     De colores, de colores
Son los mil reflejos que el sol atesora.
     De colores, de colores
Se viste el diamante que vemos lucir.

     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.
     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.

     Canta el gallo, canta el gallo
Con el quiri, quiri, quiri, quiri, quiri.
     La gallina, la gallina
Con el cara, cara, cara, cara, cara.
     Los pollitos/polluelos, los pollitos/polluelos
Con el pío, pío, pío, pío, pí.

     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.
     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.

     Jubilosos, jubilosos
Vivamos en gracia puesto que se puede.
     Saciaremos, saciaremos
La sed ardorosa del Rey que no muere.
     Jubilosos, jubilosos
Llevemos a Cristo un alma y mil más.
Difundiendo la luz que ilumina
La gracia divina del gran ideal.
     Difundiendo la luz que ilumina
La gracia divina del gran ideal.

     De colores, de colores
Sí, de blanco y negro y rojo y azul y castaño.
     Son colores, son colores
De gente que ríe, y estrecha la mano.
     Son colores, son colores
De gente que sabe de la libertad.

     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.
     Y por eso los grandes amores
De muchos colores me gustan a mí.

English Version 
     In colors, in colors
The fields are dressed in the spring.
     In colors, in colors
Are the little birds that come from outside.
     In colors, in colors
Is the rainbow that we see shining.

     And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors
     And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors.

     In colors, in colors
Brilliant and delicate is dressed the dawn.
     In colors, in colors
Are the thousand gleams the sun treasures.
     In colors, in colors
Is dressed the diamond we see shining.
And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors.
     And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors.

The rooster sings, the rooster sings
With a cock-a-doodle, cock-a-doodle-doo.
     The hen, the hen
With a cluck, cluck, cluck, cluck, cluck.
     The chicks, the chicks
With a cheep, cheep, cheep, cheep, cheep.

     And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors.
     And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors.

     Joyous, joyous
Let us live in grace since we can.
     Let us quench, let us quench
The burning thirst of the King who does not die.
     Joyous, joyous
Let us bring to Christ a soul and thousand more.

     Spreading the light that illuminates
The divine grace from the great ideal.
     Spreading the light that illuminates
The divine grace from the great ideal.
In colors, in colors
Yes, black and white and red and blue and brown.
     All the colors, colors
From people laughing, and shaking hands.
     All the colors, colors
From people who know freedom.

     And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors
     And that is why I love
The great loves of many colors.

References 

Spanish-language songs
Shirley Ann Manson (born 26 August 1966) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, musician and actress. She was born in Edinburgh. She is best known for being the main singer of the rock band Garbage. They have released 7 albums.

Career
Between 1992 and 1994 Manson was a member of a rock band called Angelfish. In 1994 Manson joined Garbage. They released their first album, Garbage, the next year. The first single released from the album was "Vow". The single "Stupid Girl" reached number four in the UK. It was their best selling single in the United States. In 1998 Garbage's second album Version 2.0 was released. It was number one in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and New Zealand. Six singles were released from the album. Beautifulgarbage was released in 2001. In 2005 Bleed Like Me was released. Not Your Kind of People, Garbage's fifth album, was released in 2013. And two next albums : Strange Little Birds (2016). No Gods No Masters (2021).
In 2013 Manson made a cover of "Because the Night" with Screaming Females.

Manson acted in eighteen episodes of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles.

Personal life
She is a feminist. 
Her first relationship was with her music teacher when she was fifteen years old. She married Billy Bush in 2010.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1966 births
Living people
Entertainers from Edinburgh‎
British feminists

Scottish rock singers
Scottish singer-songwriters
Scottish television actors
The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere that is just north of the Antarctic region. This covers the part of the world roughly to a latitude of between 46° – 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.

Antarctic region
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Nils Petter Molvær (born September 18, 1960) is a Norwegian jazz trumpeter. He plays a kind of jazz called future jazz. He has won Spellemannprisen in the Open Class three times. In 1983 he joined Jazzpunkensemblet, a Norwegian jazz orchestra. He released his first solo album Khmer in 1998 in the United States on ECM Records. It has sold more copies than any of his later albums. Molvær played trumpet on the 2008 Hector Zazou album Corps Electriques. Molvær was a member of a post-rock band called Jaga Jazzist.

References

Other websites
Official website

1960 births
Living people
Norwegian jazz musicians
Trumpeters
The Prince Edward Islands are two islands in the subantarctic Indian Ocean. They are part of South Africa. The two islands are called Marion Island and Prince Edward Island. The only people on the islands are meteorologists and biologists.Now they are allowing more people to live there.

The islands were discovered in 1769 by a Dutch explorer. Different people visited the islands over the years but no one settled there. The British claimed the islands in 1908, then gave the islands to South Africa in 1948.

Antarctic region
Indian Ocean
Geography of South Africa
Islands
The River Tyne is a river in North East England. It is used for water sports in the summer. More than 43,500 people visit it every year. There is a famous bridge that crosses it called the Tyne Bridge. Another bridge that crosses it is the Gateshead Millennium Bridge. The bridges connect Gateshead to Newcastle upon Tyne.

References

Other websites

 Bridges On The Tyne
 Online Charts of The Tyne, to Newcastle
 Tyne Rivers Trust

Rivers of England
Tyne and Wear
Cumbria
Northumberland
Frobisher Bay is an inlet of the Labrador Sea in Nunavut, Canada. It is in the southeastern corner of Baffin Island. The capital of Nunavut, Iqaluit, is near the bay. Frobisher Bay is 230 kilometers (140 miles) long and is 40 kilometers (25 miles) wide at its widest point. There are many small islands in the bay.

The bay was discovered in 1576 by Martin Frobisher, an English navigator who was looking for the Northwest Passage.

Bays of Canada
Nunavut
The Vitamin String Quartet is a music group from Los Angeles. The group is known widely for tribute and cover records of rock, pop or R&B acts. The group started in 1999. They have covered songs of Lady Gaga, Natasha Bedingfield, Adele and many others. Other musicians covered by the Vitamin String Quartet include Bruce Springsteen and Madonna.

Musical groups from Los Angeles
String quartets
1999 establishments in California
Midnight Memories is the third album by the British-Irish boy band One Direction. The album was made released or made public on 25 November 2013. It is their the third album after Up All Night and Take Me Home.

Songs

Notes
 signifies a co-producer
 signifies an additional producer

References

One Direction albums
2013 albums
Pop rock albums
Peter Hayden Dinklage (born June 11, 1969) is an American actor who starred in the Home Box Office television series Game of Thrones. He also starred in other movies, including Elf (2003), Penelope (2006), Death at a Funeral (2010), and Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012). Dinklage was born in Morristown, New Jersey. He was born with achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. He studied at Bennington College. In 2005, he married Erica Schmidt. They have one daughter. He is a Catholic. He is a vegetarian and a supporter of animal rights.

References

Other websites

 
 Peter Dinklage at Emmys.com
 
 Interview with Peter Dinklage about The Station Agent 
 BBC Movies Interview about The Station Agent
 Interview with Peter Dinklage in Delbarton Today
1969 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
American animal rights activists
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American Roman Catholics
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People with dwarfism
Vegetarians
Elf is an American 2003 Christmas comedy movie, directed by Jon Favreau.

It stars Will Ferrell, James Caan, Bob Newhart, Zooey Deschanel, and Ed Asner with Leon Redbone. Ferrell plays a human named Buddy who is raised by elves in the North Pole. He lives the way the elves do and helps in Santa's workshop. He travels to New York City to find his father. He is used to how elves live, which is very different from how humans live, with New York being a perfectly opposite way of living compared to the North Pole.

The movie was released to positive reviews on November 7, 2003 by Warner Bros. The film inspired the 2010 Broadway musical Elf: The Musical and NBC's 2014 stop-motion animated television special Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas.

Release dates
Release dates

2003 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Christmas movies
Movies composed by John Debney
Movies directed by Jon Favreau
Movies set in New York City
New Line Cinema movies
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 2000s
Movies about elves
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in Canada
Bellis perennis is a very common European species of daisy, of the Asteraceae family, often considered the model type for the name "daisy".

Many related plants also share the name "daisy", so to distinguish this species from other daisies it is sometimes qualified as common daisy, lawn daisy or English daisy. The plant resembles Leucanthemum vulgare, a similar plant in the same family. Bellis perennis is native to western, central and northern Europe, but widely naturalised in most temperate regions including the Americas, and Australasia.

Names
Linnaeus named the plant species Bellis perennis in Sp. Pl. 2: 886. 1753
 Bellis is the Latin word for "pretty", "beautiful"; this word was used also as the name of the plant, and Pliny the Elder wrote Bellis in pratis nascitur, flore albo... ("The daisy that grows in the meadows, with a white flower...").
 perennis, Latin for "that lasts the whole year", "perennial".

Description
Description

It is an low herbaceous perennial plant with short rhizomes and rosettes of small rounded or spoon-shaped leaves that are  long and grow flat to the ground.

The flower heads are  in diameter. Although the 'flower' may appear to consist of a yellow centre with white petals, this is not the case. Each individual "petal" is itself an individual flower; these flowers are called ray flowers. In the centre (the "disk") there are also many tiny yellow flowers; these are called the disk flowers. The different colours and styles of flower work together in order to attract insects. The flower heads are produced on stems without leaves that are  tall.

Where it grows
Bellis perennis is native to Northern Africa (Morocco), Southwestern Asia, and Europe; widely introduced and naturalised elsewhere.

The species habitually colonises grasslands, including lawns, and is difficult to eradicate. Wherever it appears it is often considered an invasive weed.
Uses as food
This daisy may be used as a leaf vegetable. Young leaves can be eaten raw in salads  or cooked, noting that the leaves become increasingly astringent with age. Flower buds and petals can be eaten raw in sandwiches, soups and salads. It is also used as a tea and as a vitamin supplement.

Gallery

Related pages
 Asteraceae

References

Other websites

 Plants for a Future: Bellis perennis profile

Asteraceae
Flowers
Wu is a group of Chinese dialects spoken in the area around Shanghai in southern China.

Speakers
Wu dialects have been spoken by some important people such as Chiang Kai-shek. However, Wu speakers are similar to speakers of Spanish and French because they can not always understand each other. In fact, the name Wu is mainly used by people who study languages.

There are various subgroups of the Wu dialect.

Replacement
Like other types of Chinese, the Wu dialects are starting to be replaced by Mandarin as time goes on.

Chinese language
A Military aircraft is an aeroplane made for military purposes. There are two basic types:
 Those made for combat.
 Those made for transport. Most are Cargo aircraft.

Related pages 
 Fighter aircraft
 Bomber
 Stealth aircraft
 Attack aircraft
 Training aircraft
Astraphobia, also called astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia, is a fear of thunder and lightning. It is a type of specific phobia. Both humans and animals can have this type of phobia.

A person with astraphobia often feels fear during a thunderstorm even if there is a low chance that they will be hurt during the storm. They will sometimes look for better shelter during the storm. They might hide under a bed, under blankets, in a closet, in a basement, or anywhere else where they feel safe. A sign that a person has astraphobia is if they are very interested in weather forecasts. A person with astraphobia will want to hear news of storms that are coming by watching the weather on television or watching the storms on the internet.

Phobias
Up All Night is the debut or first album from the British-Irish boy band One Direction. It was made available to fans and the public on 18 November 2011.

Songs

References

One Direction albums
2011 albums
Pop albums
Zenobia (240 – c. 275 ) was a queen who ruled in the 3rd century over the Palmyrene Empire in what is today Syria. She led a famous revolt against the Roman Empire. She was the second wife of King Septimius Odaenathus. Zenobia became queen of Palmyra after Odaenathus' death in 267. By 269, Zenobia had expanded the empire, taking over Egypt from the Romans. Tenagino Probus, the Roman governor, committed suicide after his failed attempt to recapture the territory. In 272 Zenobia declared herself Empress. She ruled over Egypt until 274, when she was defeated and taken as a hostage to Rome by Emperor Aurelian.

Zenobia was Semitic. Many people think she was either Arab, Jewish or Aramean. She gave her son an Arabic name but her family spoke the Aramaic language, the language of the Arameans. She is known by other names, such as  () in Arabic sources, Zenobius in Latin sources and  () in Aramaic sources.

240 births
Syrian people
Kings and queens
www.whitehouse.gov (also simply known as whitehouse.gov) is the official website of the White House and it is owned and ran by the United States federal government. The content of the White House website is designed to be an open portfolio for the public to know the current operations of the President during his presidency. The website contains information about the president, the vice president, their spoues, press releases, and a transcript of speeches by White House staff officials.  The website also offers information about Getting Involved with the White House. This includes directions on how to write or call the White House, learn about the White House Internship Program and White House Fellows program.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
 Archived Presidential White House Websites from the National Archives and Records Administration
 Archived versions of the site during the Clinton administration
 Archived versions of the site during the Bush administration
 Archived versions of the site during the Obama administration
 Archived versions of the site during the Trump administration
American websites
Executive branch of the United States government
Carlos Ghosn (; ; , born 9 March 1954) is a French-Lebanese-Brazilian  businessman and fugitive from the justice system of Japan.

He is an internationally wanted criminal. He was the Chairman and chief executive officer of Renault, which is based in Paris. He held the same positions at Nissan, based in Japan. Together, these companies produce more than 10% of cars sold around the world. Ghosn was also Chairman and CEO of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, the strategic partnership overseeing the two companies through a unique cross-shareholding agreement.

He was born in Brazil.

On January 2, 2020, Interpol issued a red notice to Lebanon seeking Ghosn's arrest.

References

1954 births
Living people
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Brazilian businesspeople
French businesspeople
Lebanese Christians
Renault
Brazilian criminals
Manal al-Sharif is a Saudi Arabian activist for women's rights in the kingdom. She helped start a women's right to drive campaign in 2011. A women's rights activist who had previously filmed herself driving, Wajeha al-Huwaider, filmed al-Sharif driving a car as part of the campaign. The video was posted on YouTube and Facebook.

Women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. Al-Sharif was arrested and released on 21 May and then rearrested the next day. On 30 May, al-Sharif was released on bail, on the conditions of returning for questioning if asked, not driving and not talking to the media. The New York Times and Associated Press reported the women's driving campaign as part of the Arab Spring. They reported the length of al-Sharif's detention with the Saudi government's fear of protests.
Following her driving campaign, al-Sharif remained an active critic of the Saudi government. She posted things on Twitter (known as tweeting) about imprisoned female foreign workers, the lack of elections for the Shura Council, and the murder of Lama al-Ghamdi. Her work has been praised by Foreign Policy, Time, and the Oslo Freedom Forum.

Saudi Arabian women's rights activists
1979 births
Living people
Katherine Vandam "Kate" Bornstein (born March 15, 1948) is an American writer.  She lives in New York City with her partner Barbara Carrellas. In 2012 she made a video for Dan Savage's It Gets Better Project. In August 2012 she was diagnosed with lung cancer.

Bornstein was born in New Jersey to a Jewish family.

In 1970 Bornstein joined the Church of Scientology. She left in 1981.

Bornstein does not feel male or female. She was born male. In 1986 she had sex reassignment surgery. She has written books about gender. The most well-known one is Gender Outlaw.

In 2013 a documentary about Bornstein called Kate Bornstein is a Queer & Pleasant Danger was made.

References

1948 births
Living people
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American writers
LGBT people from New Jersey
Transgender Jews
Writers from New Jersey
A disconnecting switch (or disconnector) is an electrical switch used in high-voltage electrical circuits to isolate the section which has electricity from the section with no electricity. This is done for a full safety method during electrical equipment maintenance or service. They are primarily used for the isolation of various substation equipment, including circuit breakers, power transformers, capacitor banks, and reactors.

Related pages
 Circuit breaker

References

Electricity
The House of Farnese was a noble family from Italy. They owned fine art collections within their many palaces throughout Rome. Two of their members became Popes. The famous Elisabetta Farnese was a member of the family and she had great political influence over her husband, Philip V of Spain. The family were also the rulers of the small Italian Duchy of Parma. The family's art collection was only rivalled by that of the Medici.

 
Papal families
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a device to capture particles from a flowing gas. It uses the force produced by electrostatic charge. ESPs are used in many power plants which burn fuel to produce energy, such as in power stations. Any gas produced by fuel burning will pollute the air much less after being passed through an ESP.

Air pollution
Machines
A voltage spike is a sudden increase in voltage value over a short time in power systems. It can be caused by several factors, but mostly it is due to external or internal disturbance. A voltage spike might cause an increase in current, but the increase in voltage might have been caused by the current increase as well.

Electricity
A transmission tower or pylon (also known as an ironman in Australia and a hydro tower in parts of Canada) is a tall tower used for electric power transmission. It carries the electrical conductors (wires) of high-voltage overhead power lines. The tower is high for a safe distance for people, animals or things below the wires.

Most big transmission towers are lattice steel structures. Smaller ones may be wood, concrete or steel poles.

Types 
Most transmission towers are built as suspension towers. They only hold up the wires, not pull them. Their insulators are used vertically.

Tension towers (also known as anchor towers) pull on the wires. Their insulators are used horizontally. They work as terminal towers at the end of a power line. They work as branch towers where power lines split and run in different directions. 

Transposition towers are relatively rare. They allow the wires to change their position on the tower.

Related pages
 Underground cable

Towers
Electricity distribution
Donald Watson (2 September 1910 – 16 November 2005) was an English woodwork teacher who made the word 'vegan'. He started the Vegan Society in 1944. 

In 1924, Watson saw a pig being killed on his uncle's farm. After this he became a vegetarian. He was fourteen years old. When Watson was fifteen he left school to be an apprentice woodworker. Watson was born in Mexborough, Yorkshire.

References

1910 births
2005 deaths
British teachers
People from Doncaster
Overburden is the material that sits on top of an area where miners or archaeologists want to dig. In mining, it is usually the soil or rock that sits on top of a coal or ore deposit. The soil needs to be removed to get to the minerals or objects below.

Mining
A coal preparation plant (or coal handling plant) is a place where coal is prepared for use after it has been mined. The coal is washed and resized here, before it is transported to be sold, loaded on coal transport or used locally. It is then transported to coal-fired power plants, for example.

Coal mining
A boiler feedwater pump is a pump that supplies water to a boiler. The water can be supplied freshly from a water source (such as a reservoir) or from water that has gone through the condensation process from the previous water cycle. The pump is a high-pressure pump, and it can be found in any plant that uses boiler, such as thermal power stations.

Fluid mechanics
Tools
Boilers
Three-phase electric power is a method to generate, transmit and distribute AC electricity. It is the most common method in power systems to transfer power from generation to load. Three-phase systems are usually more economical to be used than equivalent single-phase or double-phase systems.

Electricity
In electricity, the power factor (PF or cosφ) is the ratio between the power that can be used in electric circuit (real power, P) and the power from the result of multiplication between the current and voltage circuit (apparent power, S). The power factor is defined as:

PF ranges from zero to one. The higher the PF, the more efficient the circuit is because more power can be used, and vice versa. Factors that can cause PF to be less than one is non-linear load, which are capacitive load and inductive load.

Electricity
Laverne Cox is an American actress and LGBT advocate. She is best known for playing Sophia Burset in Orange Is the New Black, a Netflix series. Burset is a transgender woman in a women's prison.

Early life
Laverne Cox was born in Mobile, Alabama and was raised by a single mother and grandmother within the AME Zion church. She has an identical twin brother, M Lamar, who portrays the pre-transitioning Sophia (as Marcus) in Orange Is the New Black. Cox stated she attempted suicide at the age of 11, when she noticed that she had developed feelings about her male classmates and had been bullied for several years for not acting "the way someone assigned male at birth was supposed to act".
Honors and awards
 2013 – Anti-Violence Project 2013 Courage Award honoree
 2013 – Reader's Choice Award at Out Magazines OUT100 Gala, honoring the magazine's selection of 2013s 100 "most compelling people of the year."
 2014 – Woman of the Year by Glamour magazine.
 2014 – Included in the annual Root 100; this list honors "standout black leaders, innovators and culture shapers" age 45 and younger.
 2014 – Topped the British newspaper The Guardians third annual World Pride Power List, which ranks the world's most influential LGBT people.
 2014 – Stephen F. Kolzak Award from GLAAD.
 2014 – Named to the EBONY Power 100 list.
 2015 – Named to the 2015 OUT Power 50 List.
 2015 – Included in the People World's Most Beautiful Women List.
 2015 – Three Twins Ice Cream in San Francisco renamed its chocolate orange confetti ice cream Laverne Cox's Chocolate Orange Is the New Black for Pride weekend.
 2015 – Named in the 2015 Time 100 Most Influential People List; her entry was written by Jazz Jennings.
2015 – Named by Forum for Equality as one of their 31 Icons of the LGBT History Month.
 2015 – Winner of a Daytime Emmy Award in Outstanding Special Class Special as Executive Producer for Laverne Cox Presents: The T Word. This made Cox the first openly transgender woman to win a Daytime Emmy as an Executive Producer; as well, The T Word is the first trans documentary to win a Daytime Emmy.
 2017 – Named to the 2017 OUT Power 50 List.
References

Other websites
 Official website 

Actors from Alabama
American feminists
LGBT actors
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from Alabama
Living people
People from Mobile, Alabama
Transgender people
1972 births
Transit buses (also city buses, town buses or public buses) are public transport vehicles that transport  people for short and medium distances, especially within the same city. Public transit buses often use large or multiple exit and entry doors to make boarding and exiting easier, and have minimal to moderate luggage spaces (or none at all), and air conditioner/heating for passengers and drivers.

Pull chains or cords are also used on public buses. Fares are usually paid with cash, tickets or certain credit/debit cards. Many people prefer using public buses, instead of driving their own automobile for many reasons (such as not able or willing to drive).

Buses
Terrence "Terry" Funk (June 30, 1944 – August 23, 2023) was an American professional wrestler and actor.

He was best known for working with National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), American Wrestling Association (AWA), World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Ring of Honor (ROH) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He was the first and only person to have been inducted into the WWE, WCW, Professional Wrestling, NWA, Hardcore, Wrestling Observer, and St. Louis Wrestling Halls of Fame.

He had numerous "retirement matches" and was one of the primary subjects in the documentary movie Beyond the Mat. 

In June 2021, it was reported that Funk was diagnosed as living with dementia and was living in an assisted living facility.

Funk died on August 23, 2023, at the age of 79.

Championships

All Japan Pro Wrestling
World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1977, 1979, 1982) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)
Cauliflower Alley Club
Iron Mike Mazurki Award (2005)

Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)
NWA Florida Television Championship (one time)
NWA North American Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (one time) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Florida version) (two times)
NWA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Eastern Championship Wrestling/Extreme Championship Wrestling1
ECW Television Championship (one time)
ECW World Heavyweight Championship (two times)2
Hardcore Hall of Fame (2005)

George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2010

Georgia Championship Wrestling
NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)
NWA Georgia Television Championship (one time)

International Wrestling Association of Japan
IWA World Heavyweight Championship (two times)
Juggalo Championship Wrestling
JCW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling/World Championship Wrestling
WCW Hardcore Championship (three times)
NWA (Mid-Atlantic)/WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (two times)
WCW Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)

NWA Hollywood Wrestling
NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA International Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)
NWA World Tag Team Championship (Los Angeles version) (one time) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)

NWA Western States Sports
NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (Amarillo version) (two times)
NWA International Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)
NWA Western States Heavyweight Championship (seven times)
NWA Western States Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Ricky Romero)
NWA World Tag Team Championship (Texas version) (two times) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)

Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling
3PW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Feud of the Year (1989) (vs. Ric Flair)
PWI Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (1997)
PWI Wrestler of the Year (1976)
He was ranked #22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1991.
He was ranked #22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
He was ranked #9 of the top 100 tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Dory Funk, Jr. in 2003.

Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Class of 2004

Southwest Championship Wrestling
SCW Southwest Heavyweight Championship (one time)
SCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Dory Funk, Jr.)

St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2010

St. Louis Wrestling Club
NWA Missouri Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Stampede Wrestling
Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame

Tokyo Sports Grand Prix
Best Bout Award (1980) (with Dory Funk, Jr. vs. Giant Baba and Jumbo Tsuruta on December 11)
Popularity Prize (1979)
Special Service Award (1983)
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment
WWF World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Cactus Jack)
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2009)

National Wrestling Alliance
NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2009)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
5 Star Match (1984) (with Dory Funk, Jr. vs. Bruiser Brody and Stan Hansen on December 8)
5 Star Match (1989) (vs. Ric Flair on November 15)
Best Brawler (1989)
Best Heel (1989)
Best on Interviews (1989)
Feud of the Year (1989) (vs. Ric Flair)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

1He was named the Honorary Lifetime ECW World Heavyweight Champion by Paul Heyman in 1997 because of his contributions to both ECW and Professional Wrestling in general.
2His first reign occurred when the promotion was an NWA affiliate named Eastern Championship Wrestling, and was prior to the promotion becoming Extreme Championship Wrestling and the title being declared a world title by ECW. He held the title again after those events.

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1944 births
2023 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Deaths from dementia
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
People from Amarillo, Texas
People from Hammond, Indiana
Sportspeople from Indiana
Sportspeople from Texas
WWE Hall of Fame
Leonid Gaidai (30 January 1923 – 19 November 1993), was a Soviet comedy movie director. He was born in Svobodny, Amur Oblast.

Other websites 

1923 births
1993 deaths
Soviet entertainers
Movie directors
Maria Elena Bello (born April 18, 1967) is an American actress and singer. She has acted in the movies Permanent Midnight (1998), Payback (1999), Coyote Ugly (2000), The Cooler (2003), A History of Violence (2005), Thank You for Smoking (2006), and The Jane Austen Book Club (2007). In television, she acted in the medical drama ER from 1997 to 1998. She stars in NCIS. She also acted in Touch in 2013.

She was born in Pennsylvania. In November 2013, Bello wrote about having a same-sex relationship with her partner Clare Munn.

References

Other websites

Official website 

1967 births
American movie actors
Living people
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Bisexual people
LGBT actors
American television actors
Paiçandu is a city in the state of Paraná in the south of Brazil. Paiçandu was founded in 1948.

History 
 
During 1938 and 1940 the area of ​​land where is the County Paiçandu was inhabited by Native Americans and caboclos. There was a small cemetery that was the point of reference in the dense virgin forest, where were buried those who died at that time.
 
In the period 1942–1944, the first explorers of Minas Gerais and São Paulo were attracted by the fertility of the land. It was suitable for growing coffee. At the time the land was cleared, coffee was the largest source of wealth in the region. Facing all sorts of difficulties, farmers built their small farms and formed their crops.

The prospects for progress attract residents from different parts of the country. Trade prospered dramatically with the installation of warehouses and general merchandise. The good quality land started the first agricultural productions, especially the coffee culture.
Its name is a honor to the Brazilian Army. In the Uruguayan War, the army conquered the Uruguayan city of Paysandú.

Geography 

 Area: 171,604 km²
 Altitude: 550,00 m
 Distance from Curitiba, the state capital: 449 km
 Distance from Paranaguá, Paraná's primary seaport: 540 km
 Distance from Maringá, site of the nearest major airport: 7 km

Economy 
Participation in the Municipal GIP
 Agriculture: 8.72%
 Industry: 38.92%
 Services: 52.35%
 GDP: U.S. $ 39,784,126.08%
 GDP per capita: U.S. $ 1,651.07%
 Economically Active Population: 14597.00 hab.

Cities in Paraná State
1948 establishments in South America
1940s establishments in Brazil
Susan O'Neal Stryker (born 1961) is an American professor and activist. She is a lesbian transgender woman. Her first book, Gay by the Bay: A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area, was published in 1996 by Chronicle Books. Stryker wrote the book with Jim Van Buskirk. It was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award.

She edited the 2003 essay collection The Transgender Studies Reader. In 2005 Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria was released. Stryker got an Emmy Award for it. In 2008 Seal Press published Stryker's book Transgender History. She wrote the 2013 documentary Masculinity/Femininity. The Association for Queer Anthropology gave Stryker the 2013 Ruth Benedict Prize.

References

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
Academics from Arizona
American LGBT rights activists
American movie producers
LGBT academics
LGBT producers
American LGBT writers
Transgender people
People from Norman, Oklahoma
Writers from Oklahoma
Writers from Berkeley, California
Gossip is an American indie rock band. They started in 1999 in Olympia, Washington as The Gossip. The main singer is Beth Ditto. Brace Paine is the guitarist and Hannah Blilie is the drummer. The band became popular with their third album Standing in the Way of Control (2006). Three singles were released from the album. The first single, "Standing in the Way of Control", reached number seven in the UK Singles Chart. Gossip's fourth album Music for Men was released in 2009 by Columbia Records. Their 2009 single "Heavy Cross" reached number two in Germany's chart.

Other websites
Official website

References

1999 establishments in the United States
American rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from Washington (state)
Olympia, Washington
1990s establishments in Washington (state)
Musical groups established in 1999
Longships were seagoing vessels made and used for trade, exploring, and raiding. They are usually thought of as Viking ships but were used by early people on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. It was the Vikings who mastered the design of light fast longships that could also go up rivers. At the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain, the invading groups of Angles, Saxons, Frisians and Jutes arrived in longships. From that time on longships were also being built and used in the British Isles. When the Normans conquered England in 1066, William the Conqueror used a large fleet of longships to transport his army to England.

Origins 
  
The earliest discovered longship built from planks traces back to  BC. The ship was recovered from the Hjortspring bog in southern Denmark. Called the Hjortspring boat it was made of planks of wood sewn together with cord. The spaces between planks were filled with resin. The ship was about 59 feet (18 meters) long and was a very light and flexible design.

Classic types
Classic types 

The Viking designed longship could cross an ocean or could row up a shallow river. Over time the design changed. There were many different types of longships built for different purposes. The smallest ships were the Faering (four oars) and Sexaeringer (six oars) used around the fjords to move people and for fishing.

Karvi

Longships of from 12 to 32 oars were called Karvi. The Gokstad Ship is a famous ship of the Karvi type. The Gokstad ship was excavated in 1880. Its mast was cut off but otherwise the ship was well preserved. It was 76 feet (23 meters) long and 17½ (5.3 meters) wide. The Gokstad ship had a keel and was made of oak. Its rudder was about 11 feet (3.3 meters) long; big enough to steer the ship in any weather. The mast stood about 40 feet (12 meters) tall.

A replica of the Gokstad ship sailed across the Atlantic ocean in 1893.

Snekkja
Snekkja

A specialized type of ship with at least 20 rowing benches was called a snekkja, meaning 'thin and projecting.' It was a warship known to be used by both Swedish Vikings and Wends. It could carry 44 men and 2 horses. Snekkjas were one of the most common types of warship. Duke Ratibor of the Wends had 660 of this type of ship he used when he attacked Kongälf in 1135.

Skeid 

Skeid (skeið), meaning 'that which cuts through water,' ships were larger warships. Skeids usually had more than 30 rowing benches. These were the largest longships ever discovered. They had armour over the oar ports (openings for the oars) protecting the men rowing. King Aethelred of England ordered this type of ship to be made throughout England. Every district of 310 hides was to provide one such ship.

Drakkar
Drakkar 

The largest warships of the era were of the Drakaar (dragon) type. King Olaf I of Norway had a famous longship of this design called Long Serpent. King Olaf II of Norway had a longship named Visunden (the Ox). It had an Ox head carved in the prow. Matilda of Flanders had a ship built for her husband  William the Conqueror of the Drakkar design. It was named the Mora and was built at Barfleur in Normandy in the summer of 1066. This type could operate in shallow water and was easy to beach.

Transport ships
Transport ships 

Many of this type of ship were called Knarrs. From the 9th century larger sailing ships were used for overseas trading. Many were specialized cargo ships. They were marked by having a small crew, few oars, and depended on sails for power. They had a large load capacity for a variety of cargo. An example would be the Klåstad ship. It was built in the last years of the 10th century. The ship was wrecked near Kaupang in Norway. It had a capacity of about 13 tons and a length of 69 feet (21 meters).
Another form of cargo ship was the horse transports used by William the Conqueror in 1066. In the ship list it gives a total of 776 vessels in the Conqueror's fleet. Many were for the knights and soldiers but others were used to haul the supplies and horses they needed. Earlier Vikings did not use horse transports and usually used the horses they found in the places they invaded. The Normans, however, used cavalry and needed to transport their war horses and palfreys. But the Normans in Sicily had used horse transports (1060–61) before possibly based on Byzantine ships of a similar design. The Byzantines had ships called hippagogoi designed to land horses which could go right into battle. Guy of Amiens observed that William's invasion force included men from Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. William had shipbuilders familiar with building horse transports at his disposal. How many he built is unknown, but he did have such ships in his fleet.

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites 
 The Normans - Transport
 Viking longship Citizendium

Ship types
History of Europe
Terry Michael Brunk (born December 12, 1964) is an American professional wrestler.

He is best known for working with Extreme Championship Wrestling, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, and World Wrestling Entertainment's ECW brand under the ring name Sabu. He is known for competing in hardcore-type matches. He was trained by his uncle, Ed Farhat who was known by his ring name, The Sheik.

Championships
Asylum Championship Wrestling
ACW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Cutting Edge Wrestling
CEW Newfoundland Heritage Championship (one time)
Hardcore Championship Wrestling
HCW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Border City Wrestling
BCW Can-Am Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Eastern Championship Wrestling/Extreme Championship Wrestling
FTW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
ECW World Heavyweight Championship (two times)
ECW World Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Taz (one) and Rob Van Dam (two))
ECW World Television Championship (one time)
Hardcore Hall of Fame (2009)
Second ECW Triple Crown Champion
Extreme Wrestling Alliance
EWA Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)
European Wrestling Association
EWA Junior Heavyweight Championship (two times)
Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling
FMW World Martial Arts Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Horace Boulder)
Insane Wrestling Federation
IWF Heavyweight Championship (two times)
Juggalo Championship Wrestling