Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Jeffrey Buttle (born September 1, 1982) is a figure skater from Canada. 

Buttle has won the national championships for Canada three times. He won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2006 Winter Olympics. He won the World Championships in 2008. He has twice won the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe.

Buttle retired from competitions in 2008. Nowadays, he shows his skating acts in ice shows and makes skating programs for other skaters.

Buttle is known for very good skating skills. The edges of his skating blades are leaned very deep, making his skating fun to watch even when he does not perform any jumps. He is known for his spread eagle and his Ina Bauer, skating movements on ice.

Other websites 
Official Site 
 International Skating Union profile 

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ontario
Canadian figure skaters
An Ina Bauer is a figure skating element. It is named after a figure skater from Germany named Ina Bauer, who invented the position.

The Ina Bauer is performed by placing the feet in the fourth position in ballet. The front leg is bent forwards at the knee and the back leg is extended behind the skater. The front leg can be either on an inside edge or an outside edge. An outside edge Ina Bauer is harder to do. While the skater skates in a curve across the ice (necessary because of the skate positions), the back can be bent backwards. This is not mandatory, but it does add to the element.

The Ina Bauer is a famous move in Japan because it was performed by Shizuka Arakawa during her long program at the 2006 Winter Olympics, which she won. Because she bends back so far during the move, the term in Japanese has come to mean anything having to do with bending backwards.

Other websites
See Ina Bauer element  (MPG)
Read more about Ina Bauer 

Figure skating
Shawn Sawyer (born January 14, 1985 in Edmundston, New Brunswick) is a Canadian figure skater. He won the bronze medal two times at the Canadian national championships. He skated at the 2006 Winter Olympics and came in 12th.

Biography 
Unlike most figure skaters who spin on the ice and during their jumps in a counter-clockwise motion, Sawyer is one of few skaters who jumps and spins in a clockwise direction. Other skaters who rotate "lefty" are Johnny Weir and Alissa Czisny.

Sawyer is known for his great flexibility and his artistry on the ice. Most male skaters do not perform spirals during competition because they do not get credit for doing them. Sawyer uses them to highlight his skating and as difficulty entrances. They are also a major part of his non-competitive (exhibition) programs. Sawyer's spirals and flexible spins have given him a different look from most other skaters and have helped his popularity.
Sawyer is often compared to Canadian Olympic bronze medalist Toller Cranston. When Sawyer was 12, Cranston was about to retire from show skating. Cranston put together a televised show in which he and other top ranked skaters, including Scott Hamilton, skated with Sawyer and gave him advice. Cranston still advises Sawyer.

Sawyer can perform a backflip on ice. He was taught this move by Brian Orser.

Sawyer has performed the Biellmann spin in exhibition when he was a junior-level skater, but has since stopped training it. Still, he remains one of the few male skaters to have ever performed this move.

Other websites 
Official Site
 International Skating Union biograhy 
Skate Canada Profile 

1985 births
Living people

Canadian figure skaters
Brian Orser, OC (born December 18, 1961 in Belleville, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian figure skater. He won two silver medals (second place) at the Olympics: the first in 1984 and the second in 1988.

At the 1988 Olympics, he was part of the Battle of the Brians. He and American Brian Boitano were both favorites to win the competition. Boitano won it in a very close call over Orser.

In 1998, an ex-boyfriend of Orser announced in a court of law that Orser is gay. Orser did not want this known at first. He thought that people knowing that he was gay would affect his career in a negative way. However, he has since embraced being outed.

Orser retired from show skating in 2007. He now is a co-director of skating at a rink in Toronto.

References

Other websites 

 Brian Orser: Canadian Excellence - Official website
 ESPN's brief history of gay athletes

1961 births
Canadian figure skaters
Canadian LGBT people
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Gay men
LGBT Olympians
Living people
Sportspeople from Ontario
Kim Yeon-ah (, IPA: [kimjʌna]; born September 5, 1990 in Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do) is a South Korean figure skater.

She is the 2010 Olympic champion in ladies singles, the 2009 World champion, the 2009 Four Continents championship, a three-time (2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2009–2010) Grand Prix Final champion, the 2006 World Junior champion, the 2005–2006 2005–2006 ISU Junior Grand Prix|Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a four-time (2002–2005) South Korean national champion.

Kim is the first South Korean figure skater to get a medal at the Olympic Games. She is one of the most well known athletes in South Korea.

As of April 2010, she became the first in the world by the International Skating Union. She was also the first female skater to pass the 200-point mark under the ISU Judging System.

Personal life
Personal life 

Kim Yeon-ah was born in 1990 in Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, and moved to Gunpo when she was six. In March 2007, she went to Canada to train for her figure skating with her judge, Brian Orser. In 2009, Kim went into Korea University, but she still continued her training in Canada.

The right spelling of her name is 'Kim Yeon-ah'. However, when she applied for a passport, she wanted her name written as 'Yun-a', but the official made a mistake and wrote her name as 'Yu-na'. In Korean 'Yu-na' would be written as "유나" and not "연아".

Career

Early career 
Kim began skating when she was seven years old. At that time, her coach, Ryu Jong-Hyeon, approved of Kim's talent. Because of this, he told Kim's mother that Kim should continue to train and become a competitive figure skater, as Yuna had perfect conditions and great skills for her age to become a figure skater.
In 2002, she competed internationally for the first time at the Triglav Trophy and won a gold medal there. A year later, when she was 12 years old, she won the senior title at the South Korean Figure Skating Championships. She was the youngest skater ever to win that title. She won her second international contest at the Golden Bear of Zagreb.

Junior career

2004–2005 season 
In the 2004–2005 season, as a junior skater, Kim competed at the ISU Junior Grand Prix, which is a junior complement to the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. She won a silver medal at the event in China and a gold medal at the event in Hungary. She won a silver medal at the 2005 Junior Grand Prix Final with an overall score of 137.75 points.

She retained her National Championship title for the third year in a row on her way to the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships. At that competition, she won a silver medal again, earning 158.93 points.
2005–2006 season 
For the 2005–2006 season, Kim was not old enough to compete at the 2006 Olympics.

So instead, she went to the 2005–2006 Junior Grand Prix and won both of the contests, in Bulgaria and Slovakia. At the 2006 Junior Grand Prix Final, she won the competition by getting 28.34 points more than Aki Sawada, who had gotten the silver medal. During her freeskate, she made seven triple jumps, including a triple flip.

At the 2006 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, she was the rival of Mao Asada, a Japanese figure-skater, and won the gold medal. When she won this medal, she had made 177.54 points.

Senior career

2006–2007 season 

In order to prepare for her next contest in the 2006–2007 season, Kim practiced very much at the Skating and Curling Club of Toronto in Canada during the summer of 2006. She was trained by Brian Orser and David Wilson.
Kim won a bronze medal at the 2006 Skate Canada after earning a score of 168.48 points. She won the 2006 Trophée Eric Bompard with a score of 184.54 points, 10.10 ahead of Miki Ando, the skater who got the silver medal. Those performances made Kim be allowed to the Grand Prix Final in St. Petersburg, Russia. At this place, Kim won, earning 184.20 points, which was 11.68 points more than Mao Asada, who earned the silver medal.

Kim was forced to stop because she got hurt at the 2006–2007 South Korean Championships. Because of this, she had to go to the hospital.

Kim was picked to compete at the 2007 World Figure Skating Championships. During the World Championships in Tokyo, Japan, Kim won the short program with 71.95 points, setting a world record. She placed fourth in the long program scoring 114.19 points, and finished the third one with 186.14 points behind Miki Ando and Mao Asada of Japan. Kim's points helped two more South Korean ladies come for the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships.
In March 2007, Brian Orser became Kim's new full-time coach. Because she liked the training environment in Toronto, Kim made Toronto her training home. Her coaches included at that time Brian Orser, Astrid Shrubb, David Wilson, and Tracy Wilson.

2007–2008 season 

Kim started off the 2007–2008 season by winning the 2007 Cup of China with a score of 180.68 points, which was 24.34 ahead of Caroline Zhang, who had gotten the silver medal. At the 2007 Cup of Russia, Kim won both the short program scoring 63.50 points and the free skate with 133.70 points. So she set a world record for the free skate score under the ISU Judging System. She also did a flip jump-toe loop put together, a loop jump, a lutz jump-toe loop jump, an axel jump-toe loop jump, and a triple lutz jump.

She was allowed to the 2007–2008 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final in Turin, Italy. She won the short program with 64.62 points. With a score of 196.83 points, Kim won her second Grand Prix Final.
Kim did not attend the 2007–2008 South Korean Nationals and also did not go to the 2008 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships because of a hip injury. Even though she still had back pain, she went to the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. She was placed fifth in the short program with 59.85 points. She scored 183.23 points overall, and won her second bronze medal.

2008–2009 season 

Kim was assigned to the 2008 Skate America and the 2008 Cup of China Grand Prix for the 2008–2009 ISU Grand Prix season.

At the 2008 Skate America, Kim was placed first in the short program with a score of 69.50. She went on to get the ladies title by winning the free skate with a score of 123.95. She won the event with 193.45 points, which was more than 20 points ahead of Yukari Nakano of Japan, who won the silver medal.
Kim continued to win and earn medals at the 2008 Cup of China, where she received a score of 63.64 in the short program and 128.11 in the free skate, winning first in both of them. The became all together 191.75. Her performance let her into the 2008–2009 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final|2008–2009 Grand Prix Final.

During the 2008–2009 Grand Prix Final, which was held in Goyang, South Korea, she was placed first in the short program with 65.94 points and second in the free skate where she earned 120.41 points. She won silver medal with a total score of 186.35 points, 2.20 points behind Mao Asada of Japan.

Kim contested in the 2009 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships in Vancouver, Canada. She set a new world record of 72.24 points in the short program. She also scored 116.83 in the free skating program, winning the gold medal.
During the 2009 World Figure Skating Championships, held in Los Angeles, United States, she set another new world record of 76.12 points, surpassing her previous record by almost four points. She performed a triple flip-triple toe loop combination, a triple lutz jump and a double axel jump. At the same time, she earned a level four on all her spins. She also won the free skating program, scoring 131.59 points and showing great skills with her artistry and her musical abilities. Because of these, she set a new world record of 207.71 as well as winning her first World Championship title and she became the first female skater to go over 200 points under the ISU Judging System. Her score was 16.42 points ahead of Joannie Rochette, the woman who earned the silver medal. She was the only competitor who earned eights in program components marks in both the short program and the free skate at the competition
. Kim was the only female skater whose triple-triple combination was seen by the judges in both the short and free programs during the 2008–2009 season.
2009–2010 season 

Kim was assigned to the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard and the 2009 Skate America in the 2009–2010 ISU Grand Prix season.
At the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard, she won first in the short program with the score of 76.08 points, 16.44 points ahead of Yukari Nakano. Her three spins were all graded as a level four. Showing great artistic skills, she won the free skate scoring 133.95 points. She won the event with 210.03 points, 36.04 ahead of Mao Asada. Kim set world records for the free skate.
 
At the 2009 Skate America, Kim won first again, which was 17.48 points more than Rachael Flatt. She received +2.20 points for her triple lutz-triple toe loop combination. This was the highest point ever given for jumps by the ISU in ladies' figure skating. She also won second in the free skate with the score of 111.70 points, because of her mistakes in her jumps. Although it was one of her lowest scores, she still won the event with 187.98 points, beating Rachael Flatt. At the competition, she set a new world record again.
Her victories in both Grand Prix events qualified her for the 2009–2010 Grand Prix Final in Tokyo, Japan, in December 2009. At the event, she placed second in the short program with 65.64 points, 0.56 behind Miki Ando. The next day, she won the free skate with 123.22 points. Because of all these, Kim finally won her third Grand Prix Final title with a score of 188.86 points.

In February 2010, Kim competed at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, where she won gold medal.

In March 2010, Kim competed at the 2010 World Figure Skating Championships in Turin, Italy. Kim said she had tried but had a hard time with competing. She won seventh in the short program with 60.30 points. She opened with a triple lutz-triple toe loop, but had problems with her spinning. In the end, She won the silver medal totalling 190.79 points.

2010 Winter Olympics 

Kim competed in the ladies event at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, which was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
In the short program on February 23, she made a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, a triple flip and a double axel. She set a new world record.

On February 25, she won the free skate with a score of 150.06 points, 18.34 points more than Asada, who also came in second place. Kim was the only one who earned nines in marks. She set a new world record. Overall, Kim totaled 228.56 points, shattering her personal best and own old world record by a margin of 18 points. She won the gold medal, becoming the first South Korean skater to medal in any contests of figure skating at the Olympic Games. Kim's gold medal was South Korea's first medal at the Winter Olympics in a sport other than speed skating or short track.
Public life and endorsements 
    
The places Kim advertised for are Anycall (mobile phone), Hauzen (air conditioner), Hyundai Motor Company (automobiles), Kookmin Bank, Korean Air, Lac Vert (cosmetics), Maeil Dairies Co.Ltd (Dairy products), Nike, Saffron (fabric softener).
   
Her skating music and other favorites were put and sold in the album Yuna Kim ~ Fairy On ICE ~ Skating Music (Universal Music Korea, 2008).
She was the headliner of the 2008 and 2009 Festa On Ice, which presented other world class figure skaters. IB Sports, Kim's agency, produced the ice show. The 2010 Festa On ice is going to be on April 16–18, 2010. IB Sports produced another ice show, Ice All Stars 2009, which took place in Seoul on August 14–16, 2009. Michelle Kwan, who is Kim's idol, joined the ice show.   
   
Kim was also named as an ambassador for the 2010–2012 Visit Korea Year.    
   
Kim has appeared on many commercials in South Korea. She sings in some commercials. Her commercial for a new touchscreen haptic phone from Samsung Electronics, dubbed as Yuna's Haptic (SPH-W7700), was done in South Korea on May 24, 2009. In the commercial, she plays a rock singer, a teenager, and a writer to show off various features of the phone. Samsung Electronics has sold over one million devices in a record seven months.

Competitive highlights

Senior results

Junior and novice results
Detailed results 
(Small medals for short program and free skating awarded only at World, Four Continents, and World Junior Championships.)

Senior Results 

 SP = Short program; FS = Free skating
 World bests highlighted in bold
 Season bests highlighted in Italic

Junior Results 

 ISU season bests highlighted in Italic. 
 QR = Qualifying round; SP = Short program; FS = Free skating

References

Other websites 

 
 Official website 
 Kim Yu-Na 's profile on NBC
 Kim Yu-Na's profile on CTV
 

1990 births
Living people
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic silver medalists
South Korean Olympic medalists
Christopher Mabee (born on August 26, 1985 in Tillsonburg, Ontario) is a figure skater from Canada. He won the silver medal (second place) at the 2007 national championships. This earned him a spot to the 2007 World Championships, his first time ever at that competition.

Mabee is a good friends with Jeffrey Buttle. They train together and have the same coach.

Mabee's rise to the top of Canadian skating has been slow and steady. In the 2003/2004 season, he won the bronze medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. He is the second Canadian man to ever win a medal at that competition (after Fedor Andreev).

Mabee just barely missed a place to the 2006 Winter Olympics. However, instead of going to that competition, he went to the 2006 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe. He won the silver medal at that competition.
Mabee is well liked by the crowds in exhibition. He is known for his humor on the ice. He often chooses music that makes fun of himself or is light-hearted. At the 2006 Four Continents, he skated a program to Play that funky music, white boy. At the 2006 Nationals, he started his exhibition with a funny song about his home town of Tillsonburg.

Other websites
 Official Site
 International skating union biography 
 Skate Canada Profile 

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ontario
Canadian figure skaters
Tanith Jessica Louise Belbin (born July 11, 1984 in Kingston, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian-American ice dancer. She is a citizen of both Canada and the United States. Her skating partner is Benjamin Agosto.

Belbin was born in Canada and lived in various places like Montreal until she was thirteen years old. At the age of thirteen, she moved to the United States to skate with Agosto. They are coached by Igor Shpilband. He is the one who paired them together.

Belbin & Agosto had success immediately on the Junior level. They won a medal of every color at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships between 2000 and 2002. They qualified to skate for the United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics. However, in order to do this, both partners would need to be citizens of the United States and Belbin had not yet gotten American citizenship.

In 2004, Belbin and Agosto won their first national title.
In 2005, Belbin and Agosto won their first World medal. This was the first World medal for the United States in ice dancing in 20 years. Their silver medal at this competition, along with how well the other American team did, earned the United States three spots on the Olympic team. However, this would not have done them any good because Belbin was still not an American citizen. If she had applied for citizenship, she would have gotten her citizenship in time for the 2006 Olympics. Because of rules changes after she had applied, she could not go back and take advantage of other rules, so she and Agosto thought they would have to miss the 2006 Olympics. But a special law was passed allowing her to take advantage of the sped-up process. Belbin was sworn in as an American citizen on December 31, 2005.

At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Belbin and Agosto won the first ice dancing medal (a silver) for the United States since 1976.
Belbin and Agosto are known for their connection, lifts, and skating skills. They have very good footwork.

Other websites 

Official web site
 
 
Care to Ice Dance? - Belbin & Agosto 

1984 births
Living people
American figure skaters
Canadian figure skaters
People from Kingston, Ontario
Sportspeople from Ontario
Benjamin Alexandro "Ben" Agosto (born January 15, 1982, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American ice dancer. His skating partner is Tanith Belbin.

Agosto originally skated with Katy Hill in the Chicago area. In 1998, he moved to Michigan and he teamed up with Belbin. They are coached by Igor Shpilband. Shpilband is the one who paired them together.

Belbin & Agosto had success immediately on the Junior level. They won a medal of every color at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships between 2000 and 2002. They qualified to skate for the United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics. However, in order to do this, both partners would need to be citizens of the United States and Belbin had not yet gotten American citizenship.

In 2004, Belbin and Agosto won their first national title.
Belbin and Agosto are known for their connection, lifts, and skating skills. They have very good footwork.

Other websites 

Official web site

 
Care to Ice Dance? - Belbin & Agosto 

American figure skaters
Sportspeople from Chicago
1982 births
Living people
Ice dancing is a form of figure skating related to ballroom dancing. Its first competition was at the World Figure Skating Championships in 1952, but it did not become a Winter Olympic Games medal sport until 1976.  As in pair skating, dancers compete as a couple, a man and a woman.  

Ice dancing is different from pair skating because it limits the figures to those which are imitative of dance. Skaters must stay close together, and may not perform jumps. There are set dances, in which the style must be appropriate for the type of dance, and there is a Free Dance section which allows lifts up to shoulder level.

Ice dancing is the only form of figure skating to allow vocal music in official competitions.

Other websites

 Ice-dance.com
Care to Ice Dance? 
Ice Dancers Online
ISU Home - International Skating Union website

References 
Figure skating
Dance types
Winter Olympic sports
Charlie White is an ice dancer from the United States. His skating partner is Meryl Davis. They won the junior title at the United States national championships in 2006. In 2007, they won the bronze medal (third place) on the senior level, becoming the first team since Tanith Belbin & Benjamin Agosto to go from being junior national champions to World team members in one season.

Davis and White have skated together since 1997. They are the longest-lasting team still skating in the United States.

In 2006, Davis and White won the bronze medal at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Later that year, they became the first team in the world to get the highest level of difficulty for one of their programs. This happened at the 2006 NHK Trophy and put them immediately into the skating spotlight.

In 2007, they won the bronze medal at the Nationals. At the World Championships, they placed 7th. This was the highest placement for a US team at their first World Championships since 1980.
Davis and White are coached by Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva.

White previously competed internationally as a single skater and nationally as a hockey player. He gave up hockey after breaking his ankle doing it and making him and Davis miss most of the 2004-2005 competitive season. He gave up single skating in 2006 to focus on ice dancing at the senior level.

Other websites
 Official Site 
 Care to Ice Dance: Davis & White 
 U.S. Figure Skating: Davis and White 
 International skating union biography 

1987 births
Living people
American figure skaters
Sportspeople from Michigan
Meryl Davis is an ice dancer from the United States. Her skating partner is Charlie White. They won the junior title at the United States national championships in 2006. In 2007, they won the bronze medal (third place) on the senior level, becoming the first team since Tanith Belbin & Benjamin Agosto to go from being junior national champions to World team members in one season.

Davis and White have skated together since 1997. They are the longest-lasting team still skating in the United States.

In 2006, Davis and White won the bronze medal at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Later that year, they became the first team in the world to get the highest level of difficulty for one of their programs. This happened at the 2006 NHK Trophy and put them immediately into the skating spotlight.

In 2007, they won the bronze medal at Nationals. At the World Championships, they placed 7th. This was the highest placement for a US team at their first World Championships since 1980.
Davis and White are coached by Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva.

Other websites
 Official Site 
 Care to Ice Dance: Davis & White 
 U.S. Figure Skating: Davis and White 
 International skating union biography 

1987 births
Living people
American figure skaters
Sportspeople from Michigan
The Treaty of Shimonoseki (, ) was signed between the Qing Dynasty and the Empire of Japan at Shimonoseki in 1895. It ended the First Sino-Japanese War (1894 - 1895).

Main terms of the treaty 
 Korea was not a vassal-state under China. Korea would became an independent nation.
 China had to give Japan 200 million taels (a tael had usually a little more silver than a (Spanish dollar).
 Formosa, the Pescadores and the Liaotung peninsula ceded to Japan.
 Chungking, Soochow, Hangchow and Shashih had to be opened for Japanese trading.
 Japanese people were allowed to build industries and sell their products in China.

Other websites 
 the Treaty of Shimonoseki (Chinese Version) 
 the Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese Version) 

19th century in Japan
Shimonoseki
19th-century treaties
1895
19th century in China‎
Tessa Virtue is an ice dancer from Canada. Her skating partner is Scott Moir. Virtue and Moir have been skating together since 2008. In the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, the duo won the gold medal in the ice dancing competition; which was not only a first for them, but also for the country of Canada. They went on to win two silver medals in 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and two gold medals in 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. They are now the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history.

Virtue and Moir were the most successful junior-level Canadian ice dancers ever. They won Canada's first gold medal in ice dancing at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 2006. In that year, they also won the bronze medal at the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a senior-level competition for skaters who are from countries that are not in Europe.
In their first full season skating at the senior level, Virtue and Moir won the silver medal (second place) at the Skate Canada International and again at Nationals. Their debut at the World Championships was the highest debut by any team in over two decades when they placed 6th. This made them immediately seeded skaters going into the 2007/2008 season.

Virtue and Moir are known for their artistry, musicality, and grace on the ice. They often look as if they were dancing, not skating. They have a close connection. While most of their programs have been soft and romantic, Virtue and Moir have also done humorous programs in exhibition. 

Virtue and Moir were coached by Igor Shpilband and  Marina Zueva.

Other websites
Official Site 
Skate Canada Profile 
 International skating union biography  
Care to Ice Dance? - Virtue & Moir 

Canadian figure skaters
Scott Moir is an ice dancer from Canada. His skating partner is Tessa Virtue. Virtue and Moir have been skating together since 1997. In the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, the duo won the gold medal in the ice dancing competition; which was not only a first for them, but also for the country of Canada. They went on to win two silver medals in 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and two gold medals in 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. They are now the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history.

Virtue and Moir were the most successful junior-level Canadian ice dancers ever. They won Canada's first gold medal in ice dancing at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 2006. In that year, they also won the bronze medal at the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a senior-level competition for skaters who are from countries that are not in Europe.
In their first full season skating at the senior level, Virtue and Moir won the silver medal (second place) at the Skate Canada International and again at Nationals. Their debut at the World Championships was the highest debut by any team in over two decades when they placed 6th. This made them immediately seeded skaters going into the 2007/2008 season.

Virtue and Moir are known for their artistry, musicality, and grace on the ice. They often look as if they were dancing, not skating. They have a close connection. While most of their programs have been soft and romantic, Virtue and Moir have also done humorous programs in exhibition. 

Virtue and Moir are coached by Igor Shpilband and  Marina Zueva.

Moir comes from a family of skaters. His older brother Danny competed internationally on the junior level with one of his cousins. That cousin now skates competitively as a synchronized skater. Other relatives of Moir's are judges and coaches.
Other websites
Official Site 
Skate Canada Profile 
 International skating union biography  
Care to Ice Dance? - Virtue & Moir 

Canadian figure skaters
Albena Denkova (born December 3, 1974 in Sofia) is an ice dancer from Bulgaria. Her skating partner and fiancee is Maxim Staviski.

Denkova and Staviski are the first Bulgarian skaters to win Worlds, which they did in 2006 and 2007.

In 2006, Denkova was elected as the president of the Bulgarian figure skating federation.

After 2007 Worlds, Denkova and Staviski did not announce if they would retire, leaving it open. However, in the summer of 2007, Staviski was involved in a fatal car crash that killed a man and left someone else in a coma. Staviski survived unharmed. However, he was legally drunk. Denkova and Staviski have withdrawn from the Grand Prix events they were scheduled to attend. Denkova has not made an official announcement as to their retirement, but if Staviski goes to jail, they will be unable to compete.

Denkova's younger sister Ina Demireva is also an ice dancer.
Denkova and Staviski are known for being pioneers of dance lifts. They invented or popularized most of the ice dance lifts currently in use at the international level.

References

Other websites 

 International skating union biography 
 Denkova & Staviski official web site
 Care to Ice Dance? - Denkova & Staviski 
 Няма как да сте забравили руският състезател по фигурно пързаляне 

1974 births
Living people

Figure skaters
Sportspeople from Sofia
Maxim Staviski () (born November 16, 1977, in Rostov-on-Don, Soviet Union (now Russia)) is an ice dancer from Bulgaria. His skating partner and fiancee is Albena Denkova.

Staviski originally competed for the Soviet Union and later Russia. He moved to Bulgaria when he started skating with Denkova. He has acquired Bulgarian citizenship and considers himself wholly Bulgarian. He was insulted when a reporter told him he was the only Russian skater to win a gold medal at the 2006 World Championships.

Denkova and Staviski are the first Bulgarian skaters to win Worlds, which they did in 2006 and 2007.
After 2007 Worlds, Denkova and Staviski did not announce if they would retire, leaving it open. However, in the summer of 2007, Staviski was involved in a fatal car crash that killed a man and left someone else in a coma. Staviski survived unharmed. However, he was legally drunk.  Denkova and Staviski have withdrawn from the Grand Prix events they were scheduled to attend. Denkova has not made an official announcement as to their retirement, but if Staviski goes to jail, they will be unable to compete.

Denkova and Staviski are known for being pioneers of dance lifts. They invented or popularized most of the ice dance lifts currently in use at the international level.

References

Other websites 
  International skating union biography 
 Denkova & Staviski official web site
 Care to Ice Dance? - Denkova & Staviski 
 Няма как да сте забравили руският състезател по фигурно пързаляне 

1977 births
Living people

Bulgarian sportspeople
Russian figure skaters
Soviet figure skaters
The First Sino-Japanese War (, ; 1 August 1894–17 April 1895) was a war between the Qing Dynasty and the Empire of Japan. Finally, the Empire of Japan won the war. They signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.

Comparison of the Military Power

Status of Chinese Fleets 

China had 65 warships before the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War. They were divided into four fleets (Beiyang Fleet, the Nanyang Fleet, the Guangdong Fleet and the Fujian Fleet). Only the Beiyang Fleet participated in the war. In order to save their ships, the other fleets' commanders did not join the war.
In the Beiyang Fleet, there were 25 warships. Dingyuan and Zhenyuan were the most powerful warships in the fleet. They were made in Germany. Dingyuan had 6,000 horsepower and displaced 7,670 tons loaded. Nevertheless, as Empress Dowager Cixi wanted to build a grand garden she embezzled the money originally allocated for expanding the Beiyang Fleet, the commanders did not have enough money to buy the latest weapons for the fleet. Most of the warships in the fleet were not well equipped before joining the war.

Status of Japanese Fleets 
There were totally 240,616 soldiers could be mobilized in Japan before the outbreak of the war. Also, there were 32 battleships and 24 torpedo boats in the Imperial Japanese Navy. All of them had the latest, and newest weapons.

Main Battles During the War 

1. Battle of the Yalu River
On 17 September 1894, the Beiyang Fleet and the Imperial Japanese Navy fought at the Yalu River, the border between China and Korea. In this battle, the commander of the Beiyang Fleet was Ding Ruchang, originally a cavalryman, and Sukeyuki Ito was the commander of Japanese fleet. The battle lasted 5 hours. Finally, 4 battleships of the Beiyang Fleet was destroyed and 1,000 soldiers were killed. Only 1 battleship was lost in the Imperial Japanese Navy. The commander of the Beiyang Fleet retreated to the port of Lushun.

2. Battle of Lushunkou

On 17 September 1894, the Japanese armies occupied the fortresses with powerful cannons and cities in Lushun and Dalian. The Japanese troops entered the cities and killed 20,000 Chinese civilians within 4 days. This incident was historically called Port Arthur massacre.

3. Battle of Weihaiwei

In January 1895, the Japanese armies invaded Weihaiwei. The Beiyang Fleet was fairly defeated. 11 battleships of the team was seized.
Other websites
 Video footage of a naval battle during the First Sino-Japanese war

1894
1895
1890s in Asia
History of Korea
History of Taiwan
Wars involving China
Wars involving Japan
19th-century conflicts
19th century in Japan
Johnny Weir (born July 2, 1984 in Coatesville, Pennsylvania) is an American figure skater. He won the United States national championships three times. In a memoir released in January 2011, he wrote that he was gay.

Weir had a late start in skating, starting at the age of 12. He had previously competed as an equestrian.

Weir and his family moved to Delaware so he could skate. Weir originally trained at the University of Delaware. Despite his late start, Weir was the World Junior Champion in 2001 at the age of sixteen. He and Evan Lysacek won the top two medals that year, becoming the first time since 1987 that the US had gone one-and-two at Junior Worlds.

In 2003, Weir was in second place after the short program at the national championships in Dallas. However, he literally hit the wall during the program and then had a bad fall on a jump. He withdrew in the middle of the program. As he left, he got a hug from Lysacek, who told he would see him back the next year.
Following that bad competition, Weir left the University of Delaware club and moved to The Pond ice arena. His coach Priscilla Hill came with him.

In 2004, Weir won the National championships and again in 2005 and 2006. For the 2005/2006 season, Weir had a short program to The Swan. It was mocked during the movie Blades of Glory and became iconic of the 2006 Olympics. Weir had the most success of his career with this short program. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Weir was second after the short program. After a long program in which he omitted the eighth jumping pass and did two combinations when three were allowed, he dropped to fifth place overall.

In 2007, Weir won the bronze medal at Nationals. After that season he switched coaches to Galina Zmievskaya, who previously coached Viktor Petrenko and Oksana Baiul to Olympic gold medals.

Weir lives and trains in New Jersey. He also works as a model. He has appeared in spreads in fashion magazines and walked the catwalk during New York Fashion Week.
Other websites 

 Johnny Weir Official Website 
 International skating union biography 
 U.S. Figure Skating biography 

1984 births
Living people
American figure skaters
American LGBT people
American Olympians
Gay men
LGBT Olympians
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a figure skater from Japan. 

Oda is a descendant of Oda Nobunaga who was an important daimyo during Japan's Sengoku period.

Career
Oda won the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships.

In 2009, he was the Japanese national champion figure skater.

Oda was a member of the Japanese team at the 2010 Winter Olympics at Vancouver in Canada.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics

References

Other websites

 Nobunari Oda International skating Union (ISU)
 Nobunari Oda at Icenetwork.com 

1987 births
Living people
Japanese figure skaters
Sportspeople from Osaka Prefecture
The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 animated comedy movie. It is based on the television programme The Simpsons. The movie is mainly about environmental disaster. The movie features the main television voices of Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, and Harry Shearer.
Homer (Dan Castellaneta) adopts a pig, which he names Spider Pig, a parody of Spiderman. Lisa (Yeardley Smith) starts a campaign with a new boy named Colin (Tress MacNeille), who is Irish. They want to stop the people of Springfield from dumping in the lake. Everyone agrees to this and the lake is cleared up. Marge (Julie Kavner) questions Homer about Spider pigs 'leavings'. He says he has put them in a silo. This causes Marge to say "Get rid of the silo properly." Homer agrees to this, and Marge says he is allowed to take Spider Pig with him. To which Homer tells Marge "He's not Spider Pig anymore, he's Harry Plopper". This is a reference to Harry Potter. The pig even has the lightning bolt scar and the thick glasses, just like Harry Potter. Homer drives to the waste site to get rid of the silo. Homer's friend and co-worker Lenny (Harry Shearer) calls him from a donut store and tells him that they are giving out free donuts
. Homer, with his love for donuts, tries to find a different way to getting rid of his silo. He then drives to the now clean lake. He ignores the "No Dumping" signs and dumps the silo into the lake. The lake then bubbles up and turns into a toxic poison.
Cast
 Dan Castellaneta as Homer Simpson, Abe Simpson, Groundskeeper Willie, Krusty the Clown, Mr. Teeny, Sideshow Mel, Mayor Quimby, EPA Officer, Itchy, Barney Gumble, Hans Moleman, Burns's Lawyer, Rich Texan
 Julie Kavner as Marge Simpson, Patty Bouvier, and Selma Bouvier
 Nancy Cartwright as Bart Simpson, Maggie Simpson, Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, TV Daughter
 Yeardley Smith as Lisa Simpson
 Hank Azaria as Moe Szyslak, Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, Comic Book Guy, Cletus Spuckler, Carl, Bumblebee Man, Dr. Nick, Chief Wiggum, Professor Frink, Captain McCallister, Officer Lou
 Harry Shearer as Mr. Burns, Smithers, Ned Flanders, Rainer Wolfcastle, Reverend Lovejoy, Lenny, Dr. Hibbert, Kent Brockman, Scratchy, Seymour Skinner, Otto Mann, President Schwarzenegger, Skull
 Pamela Hayden as Milhouse Van Houten, Rod Flanders, Jimbo Jones
 Tress MacNeille as Medicine Woman, Colin, Plopper, Cookie Kwan, Lindsey Neagle, Agnes Skinner, TV Son, Mrs. Muntz, Elly 
 Marcia Wallace as Edna Krabappel
Russi Taylor as Martin Prince
 Maggie Roswell as Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover
 Albert Brooks as Russ Cargill (credited as 'A. Brooks')
 Karl Wiedergott as Man, EPA Officer
 Phil Rosenthal as TV Dad
 Joe Mantegna as Fat Tony 
 Green Day as Themselves 
 Tom Hanks as Himself
 Emma Thompson as Street Mother
 Linda Larkin as Charlotte Pickles
 David Spade as Himself
 Cheryl Chase as Angelica Pickles
 Wallace Shawn as Drew Pickles
 David Ogden Stiers as Oscar the Grouch
Other websites

References

2007 animated movies
2007 comedy movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
The Simpsons
Movies based on TV series
2000s English-language movies
Adult animated movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
20th Century Fox movies
Male enhancement supplements work by increasing the amount of blood flow the genital region receives and the volume of blood that it can retain. In a flaccid state, the penis, like any other part of the body, receives a normal amount of blood flow. When an erection occurs, the penis is surged with a rich supply of blood which is then trapped in the spongy tissues of the Cavernosa and Spongiosum. 

Male enhancement supplements can be synthetic or herbal. Synthetic ones may have more side-effects. 

The time it takes to see results, said to be a matter of weeks, depends on a man's body type, eating habits, overall health, genetics, and other factors.

Some herbal male enhancement supplements
Supplements which are said to have effect, may be made from herbs such as: 
 Muira Puama (a powerful aphrodisiac),
 Ginkgo biloba (improves peripheral circulation, oxygenation, and increases blood flow to the genitals),
 Horny Goat (stress reduction),
 Panax Ginseng (Used to combat impotence, infertility, and premature ejaculation, it normalizes blood pressure while rejuvenating and revitalizing the body. It also promotes the growth of nerve tissue.),
 Damiana (a sexual stimulant for men and women),
 Inosine (improves performance),
 Tribulus Terrestris (increase levels of testosterone by increasing the body's production of luteinizing hormone (LH) levels),
 Cayenne Fruit (stimulates blood flow by strengthening the heart, capillaries, and nerves),
 Ginseng (rejuvenator, sexual stimulant, and body fortifier against the effects of environmental stress),
 Fo-Ti (rejuvenating properties; ancients believed it can help one preserve youthfulness and restore fertility),
 Gotu Kola (impotence remedy) and
Saw Palmett (nourish the nerves, toning and strengthening the male reproductive system, particularly the prostate gland).
 All Natural Male Enhancement FAQ – The Positive Effects and Side Effects
Zealand or Zeeland can mean:

Places

 Zealand (Danish Sjælland), the Danish island
 Region Sjælland, a Danish administrative region
 Zeeland, the Dutch province
 Zeeland (North Brabant), a town in the Netherlands
 Zeeland (Gelderland), a hamlet in the Netherlands
 Zeeland, Michigan, U.S. town
 Zealand, New Brunswick, Canadian town
 Zeeland, North Dakota, U.S. town
 New Zealand, an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean

People
 Zeeland, Vadim, contemporary Russian mystic and author
Californication is an American television series. The series is shown on the Showtime television network. Californication was created by Tom Kapinos and stars David Duchovny as Hank Moody. It is about a troubled novelist who moves to Los Angeles, California. The series deals with problems with his job that cause problems with his relationships with his partner Karen (Natascha McElhone) and daughter Becca (Madeleine Martin). The series was first shown on television on August 13, 2007. Channel Five in the UK and Network Ten in Australia have bought the rights to this television series.

It was announced that after the seventh season, that Californication would end. The seventh season started airing on April 13, 2014.

References

Other websites 
  Showtime Announcement
2007 American television series debuts
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
2014 American television series endings
American drama television series
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
Originally, Bushido ( Bushi-Dō ) is the Samurai code of honour in Japan.

Bushido may also mean:

 Bushido (rapper), a German rapper.
 A mod in development for the computer game Half-Life 2. 
 Bushido (role-playing game), a role playing game from the late 20th century.
 Bushido (comics), a DC comics character.
Californication can be:

Californication (album) - An album by the band, Red Hot Chili Peppers
Califonication (song) - A song of the album with the same name, by the Red Hot Chili Peppers
Californication (TV series) - A television series starring David Duchovny
Honour, spelt honor in the United States, is the idea of the trustworthiness and social status of a person by the society, by judgement of his actions. The idea of honour, like most cultural things, is very different from place to place, and through time. In Europe in the Middle Ages, honour took form in the code of Chivalry. In Japan, a similar thing happened with Bushido. As time passed, the honour of a gentleman and his family was generally expressed in the practice of duelling. The idea has declined in modern times, but still exists, mostly as an approval of one's actions by the society.

Related pages 
Honor killing

Virtues
Society
An oil field is a region with many oil wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground. Because the oil reservoirs usually extend over a large area, possibly several hundred kilometres across, the only way to completely exploit the field is with many wells in different parts of the field. Other than wells, there may be pipelines to transport the oil elsewhere, and support buildings for the workers and for repairs.

Other websites

Interactive Oil Field Map  Mississippi Oil Journal
Interactive Oil and Gas Maps Kansas Geological Survey

Petroleum
Takeoff is the part of flight in which an aircraft goes from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually on a runway. For balloons, helicopters and some special aircraft (such as the Harrier), no runway is needed.  Takeoff is the opposite of landing.

Aviation
Brian Joubert (born September 20, 1984 in Poitiers) is a French figure skater. He won the 2007 World Championships, the 2004, 2007 & 2009 European Championships, and has won the French Nationals seven times. He competed in the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics.

Joubert did not have a good junior career, but this was due to him going senior at 15, as soon as he was able to.

Joubert won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2002 Nationals, but did not immediately qualify for the 2002 Olympic team because France had only two spots to the Olympics. But at the 2002 European Championships, Joubert won the bronze medal, placing ahead of the other French skaters at the competition, and he was put on the Olympic team. He placed 14th at the Olympics.

Joubert is one of two men (with Emanuel Sandhu) who has beaten Evgeni Plushenko between the 2002 Olympics and the 2006 Olympics. Joubert beat him at the 2004 European Championships. Joubert then went on to place 2nd at Worlds, winning his first World medal.