Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Arrest 
In 1977, Polanski got in trouble with the law in California when he was caught having sex with a 13-year-old girl called Samantha Gailey (now Geimer). Polanski went to France. In the 1990s, Polanski paid an undisclosed sum of money to the woman, in exchange for her dropping the charges. He was arrested in Switzerland in September 2009. He was arrested at the request of the United States, so Switzerland could extradite him to the United States. On July 12, 2010, the Swiss freed Polanski, and decided not to extradite him to Los Angeles. The Swiss Justice Ministry did not believe the legal strength of the United States extradition request. According to the press release, the Swiss authorities asked for copies of the proceedings that would justify the extradition.
"The request (..) was rejected by the US Justice Department on 13 May 2010. In the circumstances, it was not possible to exclude with the necessary certainty that Roman Polanski had not already served the sentence imposed at the time and as a result, the extradition request was seriously flawed. Given the persistent doubts as to the precise facts of the case, the request had to be rejected."
Polanski is still a fugitive (wanted by the police) in America. However, Geimer has said "I would love to see him resolve it, the sooner, the better...if we could just put this to rest, that would be great".p180 Polanski apologized to Geimer in a film documentary. Bernard Kouchner, a French public official, has denounced the USA's extradition request as "sinister" because it came so long after the event.

Movies
 Knife in the Water (1962) p21
 Repulsion (1965) p40  
 Cul-de-Sac (1966).p53 
 The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967).p58/62  
 Rosemary's Baby (1968).p64  
 Macbeth (1971). 
 What? (1973)  . 
 Pirates (1986).p117/8  
 Frantic (1988) p119 
 Bitter Moon (1992 ).p121/2  
 Death and the Maiden (1994) p125/6 
 The Ninth Gate (1999).p131/4  
 The Pianist (2002) p139  
 Oliver Twist (2005).p151/6  
 The Ghost Writer (2010)  
 Carnage (2011).
 Venus in Fur (2013)
Based on a True Story (2017)
An Officer and a Spy (2019)
Documentary films
In 2008, the documentary film by Marina Zenovich, Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired, was released in Europe and the United States where it won numerous awards.

In October 2017, Polanski returned to Poland to appear in a documentary about his childhood during the Holocaust and after the war, with his longtime friend, the photographer Ryszard Horowitz. They visited Krakow and the village, where Polanski was in hiding after fleeing the ghetto. The film is produced and directed by Mateusz Kudla and Anna Kokoszka-Romer.

References

Books

Other websites
Other websites 

1933 births
Living people
Academy Award winning directors
Actors from Paris
Child sexual abusers
Extradition
French criminals
French movie actors
French screenwriters
Holocaust survivors
Jewish actors
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish criminals
Jewish French writers
Jewish screenwriters
Movie directors from Paris
Movie producers from Paris
Polish Jews
Polish movie actors
Polish movie directors
Polish movie producers
Polish screenwriters
Polish writers
Writers from Paris
Watford (pronounced wot-fud) is a large town and borough in Hertfordshire in the East of England. 

In 2011, it had a population of 131,928 people, making it Hertfordshire's largest settlement. Despite being Hertfordshire's largest town, the county town is Hertford. 

Watford is located 17.5 miles north west of Central London and 16.7 miles (27.02 km) south west of Hertford and is on the banks of the River Colne.

Transport
Watford is one of the few places that are not in London to have a London Underground station and to be on the Tube Map. Watford has four mainline train stations, Watford Junction, Watford High Street, Watford North and Garston, as well as the tube station.

Watford Junction is on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central and is also on the London Overground Watford DC line to London Euston. Watford High Street is also on this line. Watford North and Garston are on the Abbey Line to St Albans Abbey. Watford tube station is on the Metropolitan line.
Sports
Watford has a professional football club, Watford FC, who have played in the Premier League. They play their home matches at Vicarage Road Stadium.

Twin towns
Watford is twinned with:
 Mainz, Germany
 Nanterre, France
 Pesaro, Italy
 Velikiy Novgorod, Russia
 Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.

Gallery
Plot
The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Paris, gathering at Kate and Peter's home in a Chicago suburb on the night before their departure. Kate and Peter's youngest son, Kevin, is the subject of ridicule by his older siblings and cousins. Kevin inadvertently ruins the family dinner after a brief scuffle with his oldest brother Buzz, in which Kevin's airplane ticket is accidentally thrown away, resulting in Kate sending him up to the attic. Kevin berates his mother for allowing the rest of the family to pick on him and wishes that his family would disappear. During the night, heavy winds create a power outage, disabling the alarm clocks and causing the family to oversleep. In the confusion and rush to get to the airport, Kevin is accidentally left behind.
Kevin returns home and rigs the house with booby traps. Harry and Marv break in, spring the traps, and suffer various injuries. While Harry and Marv pursue Kevin around the house, he calls the police and lures the duo into a vacant neighboring house that they had previously broken into. Harry and Marv ambush Kevin and prepare to get their revenge, but Marley intervenes and knocks them out with his snow shovel. The police arrive and arrest Harry and Marv, having identified all the houses that they broke into due to their habit of flooding them.

On Christmas Day, Kevin is initially disappointed to find that his family is still gone, but Kate arrives home, and they reconcile. The rest of the family then returns after waiting in Paris until they can obtain a direct flight to Chicago. Kevin keeps silent about his encounter with Harry and Marv, although Peter finds Harry's knocked-out gold tooth. Kevin then watches Marley reuniting with his son, daughter-in-law, and granddaughter.
Popularity
The film was very popular and was followed by five sequels (two theatrical sequels, two made-for-television films, and one reboot): Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). This film brought back most of the original film's cast and has a similar plot and continuity. Home Alone 3 (1997) had different kids and villains. Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House (2002) is the first made-for-television movie and features some of the main characters from the first two films, but with a new cast. Like Home Alone 3, Home Alone 5: The Holiday Heist (2012) doesn't revolve around Kevin, but with newer characters and is the second made-for-television movie. A reboot of the film titled Home Sweet Home Alone released on November 12, 2021.

In its opening weekend, Home Alone grossed $17 milliion in 1,202 theaters. The film was nominated for Best Original Score and for Best Original Song.
Composer John Williams wrote the music for the movie, as well as Home Alone 2, and some popular songs that have already existed were played during the movie as well.

By country
Home Alone has become very popular around the world. Many surveys show that it is one of the most popular Christmas movies in many countries, including the United States and Ireland. It is also particularly popular as a Christmas film in Eastern Europe, particularly in Poland (see below).

Poland
Films such as Home Alone and Die Hard are very popular at Christmas time in Poland, because it was one of the first Western movies to come out in Poland since they ended communist rule. In 2000, 8.9 million Poles were watching Home Alone on Christmas Eve; and in 2017, about four million people (11.6% of Poland's population) were watching if on Christmas Eve.

In Polish, the movie is called Kevin sam w domu (meaning "Kevin [is] home alone").
Indian remake
In 2008, a Hindi remake of Home Alone was made. It was called Hari Puttar: A Comedy of Terrors and was directed by Lucky Kohli & Rajesh Bajaj. Zain Khan starred as the titular character of it. It received positive reviews from critics and was a cinematic masterpiece.

References

Other websites

1990 comedy movies
1990 crime movies
1990s criminal comedy movies
1990s family movies
American criminal comedy movies
American crime movies
American family movies
Christmas movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about children
Movies composed by John Williams
Movies produced by John Hughes
Movies set in Chicago
Movies set in Paris
Movies directed by Chris Columbus
The word hijab is used in the Qur'an to denote a partition, or a curtain, but in modern usage often refers to a woman's headscarf. This is often done amongst Muslims for females over the age of puberty. For most Muslims, the headscarf, a symbol of hijab, is worn in the presence of adult males outside their immediate family; it is not necessary when females or males are within their immediate family. However, some Muslim scholars and activists maintain that the practice of covering the hair with a hijab is not mandated in Islam. 

The word , or a derivative, appears eight times in the Qur'an and never connotes any act of piety or headscarf. It appears as an "obstacle" (7:46), a "curtain" (33:53), "hidden" (38:32), a "wall of separation" (41:5, 42:52, 17:45), "hiding" (19:14) and "prevented" or "denied access to God" (83:15).
The "hijab" as a headscarf can come in several different types, such as an ordinary veil (which only covers the head), a niqab, a burka also known as an abayah, which covers the entire body, and any form of covering used to veil. There are many styles to wear. The Quran however has no requirement that women cover their faces with a veil, or cover their bodies with the full-body burqa or chador.

The "hijab" as a headscarf is currently required by law to be worn by women in Iran, Afghanistan and the Indonesian province of Aceh. It is no longer required by law in Saudi Arabia since 2018. In Gaza, Palestinian jihadists belonging to the Unified Leadership (UNLU) have rejected a hijab policy for women. They have also targeted those who seek to impose the hijab. Other countries, both in Europe and in the Muslim world, have passed laws banning some or all types of hijab in public or in certain types of locales.

Related pages 
Chador
Head scarf
Head tie
Veil
Women and Islam

References 

Islamic dress
Headgear
Scooby-Doo is an American long-running animated franchise that was made for Saturday morning cartoons in many different versions from 1969-present. The first series, that was called Scooby-Doo, Where Are You, was made for Hanna-Barbera Productions. Hanna-Barbera made many versions like it and other shows like it until everything was made in The WB Television Network. Warner Bros. currently handles the production (making) of the show.

Though the show, people in it, and their ages have changed. These familiar versions of all the show have a dog named Scooby-Doo, and 4 teenagers: Shaggy, Daphne, Velma, & Fred. There are also some films based on the Scooby-Doo franchise just like Scooby-Doo, Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, and Scoob!.

Plot
4 humans and the dog named Scooby-Doo like solving mysteries in the kids' series. It was in the early 2010s.

List of Scooby-Doo shows

References
References

                                                                                                                                       

1969 television series debuts
1960s American television series
1970s American television series                    
1980s American animated television series
1990s American animated television series
2000s American animated television series
The Akita Inu is a breed of dog from Japan. It is usually  high and weighs . Female Akitas are  lighter. Their coat can be many colors. There are two coat types in the Akita, the standard coat length and the long coat.

Akitas originate from Akita Prefecture, in the north of Japan.
The most famous Akita Hachiko was known for his unusual loyalty to his owner.
To date, only the American Kennel Club, consider American and Japanese  Akitas to be two varieties of the same breed. The United Kennel Club and the Japan Kennel Club consider Japanese and American Akitas as separate breeds.

References

Dog breeds originating in Japan
FCI breeds
Nezami (Hakīm Nizām ad-Dīn Abū Muhammad Ilyās ibn-Yusūf ibn-Zakī ibn-Mu'ayyid Nezāmi Ganjavi (11411209) )  was a Persian poet. Nezāmi was born in Ganja, now Azerbaijan. He wrote five poetry books.

In 1169/1170 the king of Darband sent him the maiden Afaq, and Nizami married her. In 1174 his son Muhammad was born.
Nizami Gencevi wrote five poems. The first of them was "Sirler Xezinesi". The others are "Xosrov ve Shirin", "Leyli ve Mecnun", "Yeddi Gozel" and "Isgendername".

References 

Persian poets
1141 births
1209 deaths
This is a list of Persian poets and writers.

Classical 
 Rudaki
 Shahid Balkhi
 Boshakor Balkhi
 Daqiqi
 Ferdowsi
 Mansur Al Hallaj
 Farrokhi Sistani
 Unsuri
 Kasai Marvazi
 Manuchehri
 Moazzi
 Naser Khosrow
 Anvari
 Khaqani Shirvani
 Mas'oud Sa'd
 Jamal Raza
 Jamaluddin Abdurrazzagh Isfahani 
 Kamaluddin Ishafahi
 Baba Taher
 Omar Khayyám
 Attar
 Mowlana Rumi
 Amir Khosrow
 Saadi
 Sanaayi
 Bidel Dehlavi
 Hafez
 Jami

Modern 
 Iraj Mirza
 Shabestari
 Forough Farrokhzad
 Reza Mirfakhraei
 Daryoush Farkhakfar
 Shamlou
 Mahdi Akhavan Sales
 Nima Yooshij
 Iqbal
 Farrokhi Yazdi
 Mohammadreza Alidoosti (محمدرضا علیدوستی)
 Parvin E'tesami
 Simin Behbahani
 Sohrab Sepehri
 Ruhollah Khomeini
 Ali Shariati
 Daryush Shokof
 Mostafa Rahimi
 Yahya Alavi Fard
 Hadi Khorsandi (هادی خرسندی)

Lists of poets

Iran-related lists
Metric is a Canadian band. This band started in 1998 in Toronto, Ontario.

Metric is made up of Emily Haines, a singer, and also plays the Synthesizer), James Shaw, who plays the guitar, Josh Winstead, who plays bass guitar, and drummer Joules Scott-Key. Their first CD, called Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?came out in 2003. Their new CD, Live It Out, was released on October 4, 2005.

Haines and Shaw are part of a band called Broken Social Scene, and Haines has been a guest on albums by Stars, KC Accidental, Delerium, The Stills, and Jason Collett.

Their songs "Monster Hospital" and "Police and the Private" have been used on the television show Grey's Anatomy. "Monster Hospital" has been used in the television show CSI: Miami.
Metric continued to work on their first CD in the first few months of 2001.  The album under construction included uptempo songs such as the title track "Grow Up and Blow Away", "Raw Sugar", and "Soft Rock Star", and downtempo songs like "White Gold", "The Twist", and "Rock Me Now".  "Parkdale",   Haines and Shaw finished the CD in April and by this time had found a new label — Restless Records, the L.A. indie record company that supported They Might Be Giants, Agent Orange, and The Dead Milkmen. 

Metric was heard for the first time by many in August 2001 with the advertisement "Be Afraid", advertising Polaroid's I-Zone Pocket Fortune film.  The music used for the advertisement was taken from the song "Grow Up and Blow Away", with the line "Why does it feel so good to die today?" changed to  "Why does it feel so good to fly away?".
Old World Underground and Live It Out
In 2003, Metric's first album, Old World Underground, Where Are You Now? came out in stores.  The album got mostly positive reviews.  The group released six songs individually from the album, the most successful being "Combat Baby", which was  a free song on iTunes in 2004.  As of December 12, 2005 the album went gold in Canada.

Two years later, Metric released their second studio album on October 4, Live It Out.  During this time, Metric was asked and agreed to open for the Rolling Stones in New York City. Live It Out has been a success in Canada, already selling twice as many copies as Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?. The album has gone two times platinum in Canada, selling over 200,000 copies.
Present
The band is currently recording their third album, to come out in October 2007 in Toronto. Information about the album without a name is not yet out to the public.
On June 26, 2007, Last Gang Records bought the songs from Metric's 1999 album Grow up and Blow Away, which had been put off due to delays.

Discography

Albums
 Grow Up and Blow Away (Recorded 1999   or 2001  ) (Released 2007)
 Old World Underground, Where Are You Now? (2003)
 Live It Out (2005)
 Fantasies (2009)
 Synthetica (2012)

EPs
 Mainstream EP (1998)
 Static Anonymity EP (2001)
 Live at Metropolis (2007)
 Plug In Plug Out (2009)
 Spotify Acoustic EP (2010)
 Spotify Covers EP (2010)
 iTunes Session EP (2011)

Singles 
Grow Up And Blow Away (unreleased)
 Grow Up And Blow Away (UK remix promo cd) (2002/Restless Records(*acquired by Rykodisc 2001))  (4:12/UNGR203)  (Produced by Metric Remixed by Uncle Grant)

Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?
 Combat Baby
 Succexy (promo)
 Dead Disco (promo) (Top 10 on Edge 102 Toronto)
Live It Out
 Monster Hospital UK #55/CAN #1
 Poster of a Girl CAN #3
 Handshakes (radio promo) CAN #17
 Empty (Digital and Vinyl single released Feb 12/07)

Other websites
 Official Site
 Metric on MySpace
 Last Gang Records 
 Animated music video for the song "Dead Disco (live)"  taken from KUOM's Stuck on AM, volume 5
 A great acoustic piano session By Emily Haines 
 Last.fm page for Metric
 Complete Lyric Database
 Lazy-i Interview: October 2005

1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian rock bands
Indie rock bands
New wave bands
Musical groups from New York City
Abu Abdullah Jafar ibn Mohammad ibn Hakim ibn Abdurrahman ibn Adam Rudaki Samarghandi (859 - c. 941) () or Rudaki was a Persian poet. He was born in Panjakent, Tajikistan and lived in Samarghand. Rudaki translated the old Indian fable book Panchatantra into Persian verse. His poems are collected in diwan.

Reference

 Cedar of Samarkand(Rudaki Continuous Poems Description),Poopak Niktalab , Printed 2020 , Faradid Publishing

859 births
941 deaths
Persian poets
Baba Taher () was a Persian poet. He lived in Hamadan, a city in Iran. Baha Taher songs are read in Pahlavi languages. His tomb is in Hamadan, western Iran.

10th-century births
11th-century deaths
Persian poets
Hakīm Abul-Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow Balkhi Dehlavi (1253-1325) () or Amir Khosrow is a Persian poet. Amir Khusrow lived in Delhi. His poems are in Persian and Hindi. 

Allaudin Khilji (1296 A.D - 1316 A.D) had a court minister named Hazrat Amir Khusro who was said to be highly gifted in music with an exceptionally innovative mind. His contribution to Hindustani classical music was said to be unmatched. It is also said that he created the Sitar (probably inspired by the Veena and other string instruments of Persia). The modification of the Pakhawaj into the Tabla is also credited to him.

It has also been said that Amir Khusro introduced many styles of singing including Khayal, Tarana, Ghazal and Qawali. He is credited for some most popular Ragas like Yaman, Poorya and Poorvi.

1253 births
1325 deaths
Persian poets
Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi (also spelled Hafiz) (born between 1310 and 1337, believed to have died at age 69) () or Hafez is a Persian poet. Hafez was born in Shiraz, Iran. Hafez learnt the Quran by heart at an early age. His poems are collected in Divan e Hafez. William Jones translated his work into English in 1771.

Life

Despite his profound effect on Persian life and culture and his enduring popularity and influence, few details of his life are known, and particularly about his early life there is a great deal of more or less mythical anecdote. Some of the early tazkeras (biographical sketches) mentioning Hafez are generally considered unreliable. One early document discussing Hafez' life is the preface of his Divān, which was written by an unknown contemporary of Hafez whose name may have been Moḥammad Golandām. The generally accepted modern edition of Hafez's Divān is known as Qazvini-Ḡani, edited by Moḥammad Qazvini and Qāsem Ḡani.

Legends of Hafez
Legends of Hafez
 

Many semi-miraculous mythical tales were woven around Hāfez after his death. Four of them are:
 It is said that, by listening to his father's recitations, Hāfez had accomplished the task of learning the Qur'an by heart, at an early age (that is in fact the meaning of the word Hafez). At the same time Hāfez is said to have known by heart, the works of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, Saadi, Farid ud-Din and Nezami.
According to one tradition, before meeting Hajji Zayn al-Attar, Hāfez had been working in a local bakery. Hāfez delivered bread to a rich quarter of the town where he saw Shakh-e Nabat, allegedly a woman of great beauty, to whom some of his poems are addressed. In the knowledge that his love for her would not be requited and ravished by her beauty, he allegedly had his first mystic vigil in his desire to realize this union, whereupon, overcome by a being of a surpassing beauty (who identifies himself as an angel), he begins his mystic path of realization, in pursuit of spiritual union with the divine. The obvious Western parallel is that of Dante and Beatrice.
At age 60 he is said to have begun a chelleh-nashini, a 40-day-and-night vigil by sitting in a circle which he had drawn for himself. On the 40th day, he once again met with Zayn al-Attar on what is known to be their fortieth anniversary and was offered a cup of wine. It was there where he is said to have attained "Cosmic Consciousness". Hāfez hints at this episode in one of his verses where he advises the reader to attain "clarity of wine" by letting it "sit for 40 days".

 In one famous tale, the famed conqueror Tamerlane angrily summoned Hāfez to him to give him an explanation for one of his verses

References 

14th-century births
14th-century deaths
Persian poets
Forough Farrokhzad (January 5, 1935 — February 13, 1967) () was an Iranian poetess. She lived in Tehran. In 1967, she died in a car accident. She was thirty-two. Maryam Dilmaghani translated her poems to English in 2006.

Persian poets
1935 births
1967 deaths
Ahmad Shamlou (December 12, 1925 – July 24, 2000) () or Shamlou was a Persian poet, writer and journalist. In 1954, he was arrested. He was freed in 1955. Shamlou published more than seventy books. He wrote short stories, novels, plays, essays and poems.  He died in Tehran and was buried in Karaj.

1925 births
2000 deaths
Persian poets
Parvin E'tesami (March 17, 1907 – April 5, 1941; ) is an Iranian poetess. She was daughter of Yosuf E'tesami, Iranian poet and writer. She started poetry when she was 9. Alladin Pazargadi translated her works from Persian into English in 2000.

Persian poets
1907 births
1941 deaths
Hafiz or Hafez may mean:
 Hafez or Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi, an Iranian mystic and poet. Sometimes credited as "Hafiz" or "Hafiz of Shiraz".
 Hafiz (Quran), a term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Qur'an
 al-Hafiz (d. 1149), the eleventh Caliph of the Fatimids
 Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000), president of Syria from 1971 to 2000
 Mohamed Ali Hafez, Egyptian Federation for Scouts and Girl Guides Scouting notable, awardee of the Bronze Wolf in 1965
 Hafiz, a former member of the Malaysian rock band One Buck Short.
Jihad (;  ) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. In an Islamic context, it can refer to holy war or almost any effort to make personal and social life conform with God's guidance, such as struggle against one's evil inclinations, proselytizing, or efforts toward the moral betterment of the Muslim community (Ummah), though it is most frequently associated with war. In classical Islamic law (sharia), the term refers to armed struggle against unbelievers, while modernist Islamic scholars generally equate military jihad with defensive warfare. In Sufi circles, spiritual and moral jihad has been traditionally emphasized under the name of greater jihad. The term has gained additional attention in recent decades through its use by various insurgent Islamic extremist, militant Islamist, and terrorist individuals and organizations whose ideology is based on the Islamic notion of jihad.
The word jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an with and without military connotations, often in the idiomatic expression "striving in the path of God (al-jihad fi sabil Allah)", conveying a sense of self-exertion. They developed an elaborate set of rules pertaining to jihad, including prohibitions on harming those who are not engaged in combat.
In the modern era, the notion of jihad has lost its jurisprudential relevance and instead given rise to an ideological and political discourse. While modernist Islamic scholars have emphasized the defensive and non-military aspects of jihad, some Islamists have advanced aggressive interpretations that go beyond the classical theory.
Jihad is classified into inner ("greater") jihad, which involves a struggle against one's own base impulses, and external ("lesser") jihad, which is further subdivided into jihad of the pen/tongue (debate or persuasion) and jihad of the sword. Most Western writers consider external jihad to have primacy over inner jihad in the Islamic tradition, while much of contemporary Muslim opinion favors the opposite view. Gallup analysis of a large survey reveals considerable nuance in the conceptions of jihad held by Muslims around the world.
The sense of jihad as armed resistance was first used in the context of persecution faced by Muslims, as when Muhammad was at Mecca, when the community had two choices: emigration (hijra) or jihad. In Twelver Shi'a Islam, jihad is one of the ten Practices of the Religion. A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid (plural: mujahideen). The term jihad is often rendered in English as "Holy War", although this translation is controversial. Today, the word jihad is often used without religious connotations, like the English crusade.
It is an official part of Shia Islam, but it is not an official part of Sunni Islam, though some call it the sixth pillar of Islam. In some cases, there have been 'Jihads' that have self immolated themselves, in order to get into heaven. There are suicide bombers, who blow themselves up, because they think that it is right and that they are cleaning the world's filth. This is, however, wrong in Islam. It is a major sin to commit suicide or homicide. Killing another human being in Islam is the equivalent of killing all of humanity. On the contrary, saving another human being's life is the equivalent of saving all of humanity.
The sense of jihad as armed resistance was first used in the context of persecution faced by Muslims, as when Muhammad was at Mecca, when the community had two choices: emigration (hijra) or jihad. In Twelver Shia Islam, jihad is one of the ten Practices of the Religion. A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid (plural: mujahideen). The term jihad is often rendered in English as "Holy War", although this translation is controversial. Today, the word jihad is often used without religious connotations, like the English crusade.

References

Islamic terminology
Postfix notation is a mathematical notation. It is a way to write down equations and other mathematical formulae. Postfix notation is also known as Reverse Polish Notation. The notation was invented by Charles Hamblin in 1920. He wanted to simplify writing logic equations. He used Jan Łukasiewicz's prefix notation.

When postfix notation is used, no grouping elements (like parenthesis) are needed.

Some computer languages, like Postscript use Postfix notation. It is also used in some models of Hewlett-Packard calculators

With postfix notation, the operations are noted after their arguments. Because of this, postfix is relatively easy to do with computers that have a stack to do calculations.
Further Explanation
Reverse Polish Notation uses a system that involve "stacks", each of which stores a certain value in specific ranks. The stacks usually start off with the first stack (often called the X stack), followed by the second stack (often called the Y stack), the third stack, and so on. New values can be entered on the first stack by pushing up the stack ranks by one. On a Reverse Polish Notation calculator, the "Enter" function would do the same. 

Using a common operator (plus, minus, multiply, or divide) will make the operator act from the first stack to the second stack. For example, the Reverse Polish Notation "12 3 /" means "take the numbers 12 and 3, then divide 12 by 3". On a Reverse Polish Calculator, this is written as "12 Enter 3 /", to denote each declared ranking up of the stacks.
Documentation included with early Hewlett-Packard calculators explained RPN as the same method you would use to evaluate an expression using paper and pencil. Basically, first you write down the arguments and then perform the arithmetic function. From the calculator's perspective, you must provide the argument(s) before calling the function. The benefit of a calculator with RPN is that you are always certain to which numbers (or intermediate calculation results) a function is being applied.

References

Mathematical notation
Infix notation is the commonly used arithmetic and logical formula notation. The operators are written between the operands they act on (e.g. 2 + 2). It is not as simple to parse by computer as prefix notation ( e.g. + 2 2 ) or postfix notation ( e.g. 2 2 + ), but many programming languages use it due to its familiarity.

In infix notation, parentheses are necessary to show the order of the operations. In prefix or postfix notation no parenthesis are needed.

When there are no parentheses, there are rules that show the order of operations. The rules are explained in the order of operations article.

Related pages
postfix notation, also called Reverse Polish notation
prefix notation, also called Polish notation
Shunting yard algorithm, used to convert infix notation to postfix notation or to a tree

Other websites
RPN or DAL? A brief analysis of Reverse Polish Notation against Direct Algebraic Logic

Mathematical notation
Fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence () is an expansion of Sharia law and is meant to be used with fatwas by Islamic clerics (known as 'Ulema' in Arabic) to help Muslims not break Sharia law. Fiqh is a section of Islamic law which deals with acts of Muslim, that includes both worship and daily life actions. 
In Sunni Islam there are four main schools of thought, they are:

Hanafi
Maliki
Shafi'i
Hanbali

**Islamic jurisprudence or Feqh illustrates Islamic Law for Acts of Worship such as Prayer, Zakat, Fasting, Hajj, and Purification.

The different schools of thought are not different beliefs but different views .

In Shia Islam there is one main school of thought, it is called Ja'fari

source: https://www.al-feqh.com/en

Islamic law
Dir en grey is a rock band from Japan. They began in 1997. They have recorded twenty eight singles, three EPs and eight albums, of which they have released three in Europe and two in the United States.

Vocal Kyou use growl, falset, mixvoice and hoistle voice in their music. Their music mixes rock and metal with tribal music. Many visual kei bands are influenced by Dir en grey.

Members
 Kyo (京) – vocals
 Kaoru (薫) – guitar
 Die – guitar
 Toshiya – bass
 Shinya – drums

Discography
 Studio albums
 Gauze (1999)
 Macabre (2000)
 Kisou (2002)
 Vulgar (2003)
 Withering to Death. (2005)
 The Marrow of a Bone (2007)
 Uroboros (2008)
 Dum Spiro Spero (2011)
 Arche (2014)
 The Insulated World (2018)
 Phalaris (2022)

Japanese rock bands
Hard rock bands
Japanese heavy metal bands
Metalcore bands
Visual kei bands
Musical groups from Osaka
Hurricane Wilma was the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in terms of pressure in the Atlantic Ocean. It destroyed parts of the Yucatán Peninsula and southern Florida during October in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Wilma broke several records for both strength and seasonal activity. Wilma was only the third Category 5 ever to develop in the month of October, and with its formation, the 2005 season became the most active hurricane season on record, exceeding a total of 21 storms from the 1933 season. Wilma was the twenty-second storm (including it was a subtropical storm as discovered in reanalysis), thirteenth hurricane, sixth major hurricane, and fourth Category 5 hurricane of the record-breaking Atlantic hurricane season.

Meterological history
Wilma weakened over the Yucatán Peninsula, and reached the southern Gulf of Mexico before speeding up northeastward. Despite increasing amounts of wind shear, the hurricane re-strengthened to hit Cape Romano, Florida as a major hurricane. Wilma weakened as it quickly crossed the state, and entered the Atlantic Ocean near Jupiter, Florida. The hurricane again re-intensified before cold air and wind shear penetrated the inner core of convection. On October 26, it turned into an extratropical cyclone, and the next day, the remnants of Wilma were absorbed by another extratropical storm over Atlantic Canada.

Related pages
 Meteorological history of Hurricane Wilma
 List of hurricanes in Florida

References
References

 

2005 Atlantic hurricane season
2005 in Canada
2000s in Cuba
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
Hurricanes in Mexico
Hurricanes in the United States
2005 in Florida
2000s in Belize
2000s in the Cayman Islands
2000s in Haiti
2000s in Honduras
2000s in Jamaica
2000s in Nicaragua
2000s in the Bahamas
Natural disasters in Canada
Hurricanes in Florida
October 2005 events
2000s disasters in Canada
2000s disasters in the United States
2005 disasters
The Yucatán Peninsula is a peninsula in North America. It separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. The peninsula is east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic divider, separating Central America from the rest of North America.

Before the conquistadores came, the peninsula was the home of the Mayan civilization.

The peninsula includes the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo; the northern part of Belize; and Guatemala's northern department of El Petén.  Mexican states on the isthmus to the south and west of the peninsula include Chiapas and Tabasco. 

The Chicxulub crater is on the north coast. It is believed to be made by the impact that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Peninsulas of North America
Geography of Belize
Geography of Guatemala
Geography of Mexico
The city in New Zealand is at Clarksville, New Zealand

Clarksville is a city in Montgomery County, Tennessee, USA. Clarksville is the county seat of Montgomery County and is Tennessee's fifth largest city. As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 132,929, and as of 2017 had an estimated population of 153,205. Clarksville is the central city of the Clarksville-Hopkinsville metropolitan statistical area, which is made up of Montgomery County, Tennessee, and Christian County, Kentucky.

The city has several nicknames: "The Queen City", "Gateway to the New South", and "Clarksvegas" (The name of a former bar in town).

References

Cities in Tennessee
County seats in Tennessee
Live Earth was a series of concerts held on July 7, 2007, and were organized by Al Gore, who used to be the vice president.  Inspired by Live Aid and Live 8, Live Earth was held to raise awareness about global warming.  It was held in cities on every continent in the world, even Antarctica, and stars like Madonna and the Foo Fighters came out to help.

Locations

Performers

Wembley Stadium (United Kingdom)

 SOS All-Stars (with drummers Roger Taylor of Queen, Taylor Hawkins of Foo Fighters and Chad Smith of Red Hot Chili Peppers)
Genesis  
Razorlight   
Snow Patrol
Damien Rice & David Gray   
Kasabian  
Paolo Nutini   
Black Eyed Peas
John Legend
Duran Duran   
Red Hot Chili Peppers 
Bloc Party   
Corinne Bailey Rae  
Terra Naomi
Keane
Metallica  
Spinal Tap 
James Blunt   
Beastie Boys        
Pussycat Dolls 
Foo Fighters
Madonna with Eugene Hütz & Sergey Ryabtzev of Gogol Bordello

Presenters:   
Alan Carr    
Boris Becker   
Chris Moyles   
David Tennant
Gerard Butler 
Geri Halliwell     
Chris Rock  
Jonathan Ross   
June Sarpong   
Kyle MacLachlan
Ryan Bonifacino   
Ricky Gervais   
Rob Reiner
Russell Brand
Terence Stamp

Giants Stadium (East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States)
Kenna
KT Tunstall
Taking Back Sunday
Keith Urban with special guest Alicia Keys
Ludacris
AFI
Fall Out Boy
Akon
John Mayer
Melissa Etheridge
Alicia Keys
Dave Matthews Band
Kelly Clarkson
Kanye West
Bon Jovi
The Smashing Pumpkins
Roger Waters
The Police with special guests John Mayer and Kanye West

Presenters:
Kevin Bacon
Leonardo DiCaprio
Al Gore
Dhani Jones
Petra Nemcova
Zach Braff
Randy Jackson
Rachel Weisz
Jane Goodall
Abigail and Spencer Breslin
Rosario Dawson
Robert Kennedy, Jr.
Cameron Diaz

National Mall (United States)

Blues Nation
Garth Brooks
Native Roots
Yarina
Trisha Yearwood
Presenters:
Al Gore

Sydney Football Stadium (Australia)
Blue King Brown
Toni Collette & the Finish
Sneaky Sound System
Ghostwriters
Paul Kelly
Eskimo Joe
Missy Higgins
The John Butler Trio
Wolfmother
Jack Johnson
Crowded House

Presenters:
Peter Garrett
Jimmy Barnes
Hamish & Andy
Tim Ross
Adam Spencer
Ian Thorpe

Coca Cola Dome (South Africa)

Danny K
Angélique Kidjo
Baaba Maal
Vusi Mahlasela
The Parlotones
The Soweto Gospel Choir
Joss Stone
UB40
Zola
Presenters:
Naomi Campbell
DJ Suga

Makuhari Messe (Japan)

Genki Rockets
Rize
Ayaka
Ai Otsuka
Ai
Xzibit
Abingdon Boys School
Cocco
Linkin Park
Kumi Koda
Rihanna

Presenters:
Ken Watanabe

Tō-ji (Japan)

Rip Slyme
UA
Bonnie Pink
Michael Nyman
Yellow Magic Orchestra

HSH Nordbank Arena (Germany)

Shakira with Gustavo Cerati
Snoop Dogg
Roger Cicero
MIA.
Sasha
Stefan Gwildis
Marquess
Maria Mena
Silbermond
Michael Mittermeier
Chris Cornell
Enrique Iglesias
Jan Delay
Juli
Katie Melua
Lotto King Karl
Mando Diao
Reamonn with Ritmo Del Mundo
Revolverheld
Samy Deluxe
Yusuf Islam
Presenters:
Katharina Witt
Nova Meierhenrich
Holger Ponick
Andreas Kuhlage
Elton 
Tim Mälzer
Oli P.
Gülcan Karahancı
Michael Mittermeier
Simon Gosejohann
Eberhard Brandes (WWF Germany)
Charlotte Engelhardt

Copacabana Beach (Brazil)

Xuxa
Jota Quest
MV Bill
Marcelo D2
Pharrell Williams
O Rappa
Macy Gray
Jorge Ben Jor
Lenny Kravitz

Oriental Pearl Tower (China)

Evonne Hsu
Anthony Wong
Soler
Huang Xiao Ming
12 Girls Band
Joey Yung
Winnie Hsin
Sarah Brightman
Wang Xiao Kun
Eason Chan
Wang Chuang Jun
Wang Rui
Pu Ba Jia

Rothera Research Station (Antarctica)

Nunatak

References

2007 in music
Concerts
July 2007 events
Wembley Stadium was a sports arena in London, England. It was built in 1923 and was first known as the Empire Stadium, but because the area it was in is named "Wembley," it was renamed "Wembley Stadium." It featured twin towers by the entrance.

As well as being a sports arena, it had also been the site for several concerts. The most famous one is the Live Aid concert held there in July of 1985.

In 2000, Wembley Stadium was closed. In 2003, it was demolished, and a brand-new stadium with the same name was put up in its place.

Football stadiums in London
1923 establishments in England
2003 disestablishments in England
1923 in sports
Olympic venues
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Brent
The inch of mercury (inHg or "Hg) was a non-SI unit of pressure. It was used for measuring barometric pressure, (the thickness of air), in weather forecasts, and aviation (flying), but was replaced by the pascal.

It is the amount of pressure that a column of mercury that is one inch tall has at 0 °C at the standard acceleration of gravity, or how fast things speed up as they are falling because of gravity.

1 inHg at 0 °C = 3,386.389 Pa.

Units of pressure
Meteorology
Louis Francis Cristillo (March 6, 1906 – March 3, 1959), better known as Lou Costello, was an American comedian, actor and producer. He was best known for his double act with straight man Bud Abbott and their routine "Who's on First?".

References

Other websites

1906 births
1959 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
Comedians from New Jersey
Extras
Abbott and Costello
Kirstie Louise Alley (January 12, 1951 – December 5, 2022) was an American actress. She was famous for her role in the TV show Cheers, where she played Rebecca Howe from 1987 to 1993. She won an Emmy as the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for 1991. A year later, she won a Golden Globe for her acting in Cheers as well. She also won an Emmy in 1994 for her role in the TV drama show David's Mother. 

Other roles that have been well-liked by the public and the critics that Alley is known for include: playing Diane Barrows in It Takes Two and a single mother in Look Who's Talking, Look Who's Talking Too, and Look Who's Talking Now (all co-starring John Travolta). Alley has won two People's Choice Awards in the years 1991 and 1998.

Alley was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard.

Personal life 
From 1971 until 1977 Kirstie was married to Robert Alley. They began dating in high school and were distant cousins.
From 1983 until 1997 she was married to Parker Stevenson. They had two children, son William True Stevenson (born September 28, 1992) and daughter Lillie Price Stevenson (born June 15, 1994). William and Lillie were adopted.

Alley was raised Methodist but was more recently a member of the Church of Scientology. In 2007, Alley gave $5 million to the Church of Scientology.

Death 
After a battle with cancer, Alley died on December 5, 2022 at age 71.

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 
 Kirstie Alley - Fab Actress 
 Unofficial List of Scientology courses completed by Kirstie Alley 
 Kirstie Alley latest news and blogs 

1951 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American actors
21st-century American actors
Actors from Wichita, Kansas
American actors
Emmy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People's Choice Award winners
Scientologists
Seth Elijah Adkins (born October 30, 1989) is an American actor. He made his debut in the mid-1990s as a child artiste in the TV shows Small Talk and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch in 1996 and the films ...First Do No Harm and Titanic in 1997. He later made a successful transition to an adult performer. One of his most recent roles was in Matt Reeves' Let Me In (2010). He is also the current actor for Walt Disney's Pinocchio.

Personal life 
Adkins was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He has two elder brothers, Zachary (b. 1978) and Josh (b. 1981). His father is a principal and his mother a former teacher. At an early age and with the support of his parents, Adkins followed his older brother into the acting profession. He graduated in 2008 from the Public Academy for Performing Arts.
Career 
Adkins made his debut in 1996, in the shows Small Talk and in Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. He appeared in the series ER, and C-16: FBI, and in the films ...First Do No Harm, Stir, Titanic. He voiced Duby in the film Baby Geniuses. He had a role in the television movie Wuthering Heights, and in the feature films Funky Monkey, Bad News Bears, Privileged, and Let Me In. Adkins also appeared in the television series CSI: Miami and Touched by an Angel, Judging Amy, NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service, and Crash.

Other websites
Seth Adkins's official website

American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
Actors from New Mexico
1989 births
Living people
Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr. (June 20, 1933 – December 12, 2019) was an Italian-American actor. He was in many movies. These include Once Upon a Time in America, Ruby, The Godfather: Part II, Hudson Hawk, The Purple Rose of Cairo, Moonstruck, Léon: The Professional, Two Days in the Valley, and Dinner Rush. He is most famous for his role in the 1989 Spike Lee movie Do the Right Thing. 

Aiello was nominated for a "Best Supporting Actor" Academy Award in 1990 for his role as Sal, the pizzeria owner. He won an Emmy Award in 1981.

Aiello was born in New York City. He died on December 12, 2019, at the age of 86 at a hospital in Saddle River, New Jersey. He had an infection caused by medical treatment.
Filmography
Bang the Drum Slowly (1973) as Horse
The Godfather Part II (1974) as Tony Rosato
The Godmothers (1975) (uncredited)
The Front (1976) as Danny LaGattuta
Hooch (1977)
Fingers (1978) as Butch
Bloodbrothers (1978) as Artie
Defiance (1980) as Carmine
Hide in Plain Sight (1980) as Sal Carvello
Fort Apache, The Bronx (1981) as Morgan
Chu Chu and the Philly Flash (1981) as Johnson
Once Upon a Time in America (1984) as Police Chief Vincent Aiello
Old Enough (1984) as Mr. Bruckner
Deathmask (1984) as Capt. Mike Grasso
Broadway Danny Rose (1984) (uncredited)
The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) as Monk
The Stuff (1985) as Vickers
The Protector (1985) as Danny Garoni
Key Exchange (1985) as Carabello
Radio Days (1987) as Rocco
Man on Fire (1987) as Conti
The Pick-up Artist (1987) as Phil Harper
Moonstruck (1987) as Mr. Johnny Cammareri
Russicum - I giorni del diavolo (1988) as George Sherman
The January Man (1989) as Captain Vincent Alcoa
White Hot (1989) as Charlie Buick
Do the Right Thing (1989) as Salvatore "Sal" Fragione
Shocktroop (1989) as John Cunningham
Harlem Nights (1989) as Phil Cantone
Jacob's Ladder (1990) as Louis
Madonna: The Immaculate Collection (1990) as Papa (segment "Papa Don't Preach")
The Closer (1990) as Chester Grant 
He Ain't Heavy (1990)
Once Around (1991) as Joe Bella
Hudson Hawk (1991) as Tommy Five-Tone
29th Street (1991) as Frank Pesce Sr.
Ruby (1992) as Jack Ruby
The Godfather Trilogy: 1901-1980 (1992) as Tony Rosato
Mistress (1992) as Carmine Rasso
The Cemetery Club (1993) as Ben Katz
The Pickle (1993) as Harry Stone
Me and the Kid (1993) as Harry
Léon: The Professional (1994) as Tony
Prêt-à-Porter (1994) as Major Hamilton
Save the Rabbits (1994) as Ronnie
Power of Attorney (1995) as Joseph Scassi
Lieberman in Love (1995) as Joe Lieberman
Two Much (1995) as Gene
City Hall (1996) as Frank Anselmo
2 Days in the Valley (1996) Dosmo Pizzo
Mojave Moon (1996) as Al
Dellaventura (1997–1998, 14 episodes) as Anthony Dellaventura
Unforgotten: Twenty-Five Years After Willowbrook as Host
Bring Me the Head of Mavis Davis (1997) as Mr. Rathbone
The Last Don (1997) as Don Domenico Clericuzio
A Brooklyn State of Mind (1997) as Danny Parente
Wilbur Falls (1998) as Phillip Devereaux
Mambo Café (2000) as Joey
Dinner Rush (2000) as Louis Cropa
Prince of Central Park (2000) as Noah Cairn
18 Shades of Dust (2001) as Vincent Dianni
Off Key (2001) as Fabrizio Bernini
 (2003) as Tony Santini
Zeyda and the Hitman (2004) as Nathan
The Fool (2005) as Voice of the Dummy
Brooklyn Lobster (2005) as Frank Giorgio
Lucky Number Slevin (2006) as Roth
Last Request (2006) as Pop
A Broken Sole (2006) as The Shoemaker
Harry: A Communication Breakdown (2009) as Narrator
Stiffs (2010) as Frank Tramontana
Dolly Baby (2013) as Tony Lanza
Henry & Me (2014) as Dr. Acosta (voice)
Reach Me (2014) as Father Paul
The Neighborhood (2017) as Joseph Donatello
References

Other websites
Official website 

Emmy Award winning actors
1933 births
2019 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in New Jersey
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Claude Marion Akins was an American actor (born May 25, 1926, in Nelson, Georgia - died January 27, 1994, in Altadena, California). With his big body and deep voice, Akins usually played the clever (or less than clever) tough guy, on the side of good or bad, in movies and television. He is famous as Sheriff Lobo in the 1970s TV series B.J. and the Bear, and later The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo, a spinoff series.

Other websites

Safety Shorts 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
1926 births
1994 deaths