Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Rebecca [ ri-bek-uh ] is a female name. It is the name of Isaac's wife in the Book of Genesis. (Chapter 24). Rebecca is a moniker that has enjoyed widespread popularity for centuries and boasts a fascinating backstory and significance. Its Hebrew roots give it the meaning of "to tie, to bind, to snare," stemming from the term "Ribqah," which signifies "to bind firmly." Additionally, the name is linked to the biblical figure of Rebecca, who was Isaac's spouse and the mother of Jacob and Esau. It is a popular name for girls in English speaking countries. Nicknames include Becky, Becca, Beck, And Bex/Becks.
The name Rebecca is the English translation Of the name רבקה (Rivka). This name was ranked #304 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People
Rebecca Black, American singer
Rebecca De Mornay, American actress
Rebecca Hall, British actress
Rebecca Quin, real name of American professional wrestler Becky Lynch
Rebecca Romijn, American actress
Rebecca Sealfon, American writer
Rebecca St. James, Australian singer
Rebecca, a film directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Rebecca Ferguson, Swedish actress
Rebecca Shelley, American pacifist

References
Sardar or Sirdar or Serdar, is a title of nobility in India, Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. 

The word is from the old Sanskrit and Avesta languages. It means a prince, nobleman, tribal chief or leader or other aristocrat. In some tribes and ethnic groups in India and Pakistan, especially among the Baloch people and Punjabis, it is quite commonly used to denote even certain families of noble origins.

India
Iran
Pakistan
Afghanistan
The Cameroon () is a domesticated breed of sheep from west Africa which has been exported to Europe. As of 2008, there were less than 650 but the population was increasing.

Characteristics
The Cameroon is a hair sheep which it sheds yearly in the spring.  Ewes can raise two lamb crops per year. Their most common color is brown with a black belly, head, and legs.

Literature 
 Fitzhugh und Bradford (eds.): Hairsheep of West Africa and the Americas. A genetic resource for the tropics. 1983
 R.M. Njwe und Y. Manjeli: Milk yield of Cameroon dwarf blackbelly sheep - Production laitière de moutons Djallonké au Cameroun. In: Small ruminant research and development in Africa - Réseau africain de recherche sur les petits ruminants. ILCA Research Report - 2, 1982, X5520/B

References

Caprids
Domesticated animals
The Alpial are a Muslim Rajput tribe of Punjab (Pakistan). They are mostly found in Rawalpindi District, Attock District and Chakwal District of the northern Punjab.<ref>

References 

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Shizuya Hayashi (November 28, 1917-March 12, 2008) was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life
Hayashi was born in Waiakea, Hawaii.  He was the son of immigrants who were born in Japan. He was a Nisei, which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
Nine months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hayashi joined the US Army in March 1941. He was given the nickname "Cesar" because his sergeant could not pronounce his name.

Hayashi volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion.   This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.
For his actions in November 1943, Hayashi was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Hayashi's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Hayashi's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in central Italy in 1943.  Without help from others, he silenced a machine gun nest and an anti-aircraft gun.
The words of Hayashi's citation explain:
Private Shizuya Hayashi distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 29 November 1943, near Cerasuolo, Italy. During a flank assault on high ground held by the enemy, Private Hayashi rose alone in the face of grenade, rifle, and machine gun fire. Firing his automatic rifle from the hip, he charged and overtook an enemy machine gun position, killing seven men in the nest and two more as they fled. After his platoon advanced 200 yards from this point, an enemy antiaircraft gun opened fire on the men. Private Hayashi returned fire at the hostile position, killing nine of the enemy, taking four prisoners, and forcing the remainder of the force to withdraw from the hill. Private Hayashi’s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov 
 

1917 births
2008 deaths
Military people from Hawaii
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II
The Four Freedoms Award is an annual award. It is presented to people and organisations who have "demonstrated" the principles of the Four Freedoms of US-president Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

President Roosevelt described his Four Freedoms during the State of the Union speech of 6 January 1941. In his speech he said that if democracy is to survive and flourish, people everywhere in the world are entitled to four human rights: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear.

The awards have been given since 1982, alternately in the United States and the Netherlands. In odd years the awards are given to Americans by the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute in Hyde Park, New York. In some years special awards have been given.

In even years the award ceremony is held in Middelburg and honours non-Americans. The choice for Middelburg was motivated by the suspected descendance of the family Roosevelt from the village of Oud-Vossemeer in the province of Zeeland.
Four Freedoms Speech 

The speech delivered by President Roosevelt incorporated the following
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
The first is freedom of speech and expression — everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way — everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want —which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants— everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear —which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor— anywhere in the world.
Laureates

Freedom Medal

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Worship

Freedom from Want

Freedom from Fear

Special presentations

References 

Roosevelt Institute, List of laureates 
 . NOS (2008)
Oosthoek, A.L. (2010) Roosevelt in Middelburg: the four freedoms awards 1982-2008, 
American Rethoric, Four Freedoms Speech of Roosevelt

Other websites
 Roosevelt Institute, Hyde Park, New York
 Roosevelt Stichting, Middelburg, Netherlands

American awards
Dutch culture
Human rights
New York (state)
Zeeland
1982 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in the Netherlands
A flare star is a variable star that becomes very much brighter unpredictably for a few minutes at a time.

Flares happen on flare stars in a similar way to solar flares. They are magnetic disturbances in the atmosphere of stars. The brightness increases across the spectrum, from X rays to radio waves. 

The first known flare stars were discovered in 1924, they were V1396 Cygni and AT Microscopii. Still the best-known flare star is UV Ceti, that star was discovered in 1948. Today similar flare stars are classified as UV Ceti type variable stars in variable star catalogs. Flares can happen once every few days or, as in the case of Barnard's Star, much less frequently. Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Solar System, is also a flare star.
Most flare stars are dim red dwarfs, although less massive (lighter) brown dwarfs might also be able to flare. The more massive (heavier) RS Canum Venaticorum variables (RS CVn) are also known to flare, but scientists understand that a companion star in a binary system causes these flares. This companion star disturbs the magnetic field.  Nine stars similar to the Sun have also been seen to flare. There is a suggestion that this happens for similar reasons to the flares of the RS CVn variables.  A companion causes the flares, this companion is a massive planet like the planet Jupiter that orbits the flaring star closely.

Nearby flare stars
Flare stars are give off relatively little light, but have been found as far away as 1,000 light years from Earth.
Proxima Centauri
Proxima Centauri is closer to the sun than any other star and is a flare star. Proxima Centauri increases its brightness randomly and magnetic force causes this. Convection creates a magnetic field throughout the matter in Proxima Centauri, and this leads to flaring with a total X-ray output similar to that of the Sun though the sun is much more massive (heavier) than Proxima Centauri.

Wolf 359
The flare star Wolf 359 is another star relatively near the Solar System in the constellation of Leo and has other names (designations) as well.  It is a red dwarf of spectral class M6.5 and emits X-rays. It is a UV Ceti flare star, and flares relatively often.

The mean (average) magnetic field varies significantly during periods of time as short as six hours. By comparison, the magnetic field of the Sun averages  (), although it can rise as high as  () in active sunspot regions.

Barnard's Star
Barnard's Star is the second nearest star system to our sun and scientists suspect it is a flare star.
TVLM513-46546 
TVLM513-46546 is the name scientists give to a flare star with very low mass. This small star is only just heavy enough to count as a red dwarf.

References

Types of stars
Edward Christopher  “Ed” Sheeran  (born 17 February 1991) is a British singer-songwriter and guitarist. He also writes and produces songs on his own and created his label, Paw Print Records. Sheeran is recognized for doing pop music. He was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire. As a child, he lived in Framlingham, Suffolk, England.

Early life
Edward Christopher Sheeran Sheeran was born on 17 February 1991 in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. His father worked as an art curator at Cartwright Hall, his mother worked at Manchester City Art Gallery. Sheeran started writing music in his early teen's.

2005–10: Early career
In 2005, Sheeran started publishing some EP albums. The first one has been named Orange Room EP. He continued publishing EPs until 2010 when he released Songs I Wrote with Amy. It was the last EP released before publishing his number one popular album +.
He then moved to London in 2008 to start a music career. He first played in various events and also made an EP.  Then he signed a contract with a record company, Atlantic Records.

2011–13: +
In 2011 he made his first album, called +. The album went to number one in the music rankings of many countries and had also been certified double platinum. Some of the songs on this album have been successful, such as "The A Team" and "Lego House" (leaked as the third single of the album in November 2011). Also, the song "You Need Me, I Don't Need You" was released as the second single in August before the album came out. As the fourth single, "Drunk" was out in January 2012. Finally, the song "Give Me Love" was released as the sixth and final single of +, on 26 November.  From this album, his first single "The A Team" has been recently nominated in the Song of the Year category for the 2013 Grammy Awards. Sheeran was nominated in many categories at the 2013 BRIT Awards.
Sheeran performed at the 2012 Olympic Games Closing Ceremony on 12 August. He performed a cover of the song Wish You Were Here by Pink Floyd.

He collaborated with Taylor Swift on her fourth album Red, doing a duet with her on the song "Everything Has Changed". He has also written songs for One Direction. He wrote the song "Moment" and gave it to One Direction in 2011. He co-wrote two songs that were on their second album Take Me Home. He first gave them the song "Little Things" that he had written with his friend Fiona Bevan when he was 17 years-old. As well as this, co-wrote the song "Over Again".

2014–16: ×
2014–16: ×

"Don't", Sheeran's #3 song on his album × (pronounced "multiply"), was released in 2014 and was nominated for several awards. The song was about how Ellie Goulding was cheating on him with One Direction's Niall Horan. In the song, it says, "it's not like we were both on tour. We were staying on the same hotel floor." Goulding did, in fact, cheat on him while they were staying in the same hotel. Sheeran thought it was very easy to forgive Goulding after he found out about it.

The most successful single from × was "Thinking Out Loud", which reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and finished at the number-two song of 2015 in the United States.  Sheeran won Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance for the song.

Sheeran collaborated with Justin Bieber on Bieber's album Purpose.  He co-wrote the song "Love Yourself", which became a number-one hit for Bieber in the UK, US, Canada, and Australia, and the song finished as the number-one song of 2016 in the US.
2017–18: ÷
Sheeran's third studio album, ÷ ("divide"), was released on 3 March 2017.  He released the two singles "Shape of You" and "Castle on the Hill" in January 2017.  "Shape of You" became his first number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 when it entered at the top of the chart.  The song has reached number one in several countries around the world, and "Castle on the Hill" has become a top-ten hit.  Sheeran became the first artist to have songs enter at numbers one and two at the same time on the UK Singles Chart when the first single was at the top and "Castle on the Hill" was at number two. His song ''Galway Girl'' has reached the number one position in the Scotland and Ireland singles charts. All of the album's songs were within the top 20 of the UK Singles Chart.

In December 2017, Sheeran released the single "Perfect".  He later released an acoustic duet version with singer Beyoncé and an orchestral version with Andrea Bocelli.  The song went on to top the charts of several countries worldwide.
2019: No. 6 Collaborations Project 
In May 2019, Sheeran released the song "I Don't Care" (with Justin Bieber) as the first single from his then-upcoming album, No. 6 Collaborations Project.  The song reached number one in Australia and the UK and number two in Canada and the US.  The album also includes the songs "Cross Me" (with Chance the Rapper); "BLOW" (with PnB Rock, Bruno Mars, and Chris Stapleton); and "South of the Border" (with Camila Cabello and Cardi B).

2021: = 
On 25 June 2021, Sheeran released the upbeat single "Bad Habits". In 19 August, he announced his fifth album, = will be released on 29 October. Before the album will be released, Sheeran also released "Shivers" and the promotional single "Visiting Hours".

Awards
Ed Sheeran has won many prizes, for example the award for Best British Male Solo Artist at the 2012 BRIT Awards. He has also won four Grammy Awards.

Grammy Awards
Grammy Awards

Personal life
Despite his popularity and fame, Sheeran has been spotted smoking several times. In an interview with Ryan Seacrest, published on YouTube on 5 March 2014, Sheeran revealed that smoking is his worst habit. After ten years as a smoker, he now claims to be smoke-free. However, in an article published on the Daily Mail website, on 19 March 2015, he was spotted smoking a roll-up cigarette, outside a hotel in Brisbane. He has since quit smoking again.

Sheeran announced that he became engaged to his longtime girlfriend, Cherry Seaborn, over Christmas 2017.  They married the following year. They have two daughters together, Lyra Antarctica (born 2020) and Jupiter (born 2022).

References

Other websites
Official website

Official Twitter

1991 births
Living people
Brit Award winners
British folk musicians
English guitarists
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from West Yorkshire
Atlantic Records artists
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Italian Libya was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy, from 1911 to (officially) 1947.

History  

Italy conquered Libya in 1911 from the Ottoman Empire.  Libyan Muslims continued fighting against the Christian Italians for some years, mainly during World War I.

Fighting increased after the dictator Benito Mussolini took power in Italy.  Idris (later King of Libya) fled to Egypt in 1922. From 1922 to 1928, Italian forces under General Badoglio waged a "punitive pacification" campaign.  Badoglio's successor in the field, Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, accepted the commission from Mussolini on the condition that he was allowed to crush Libyan resistance without having to follow either Italian or international law. Mussolini reportedly agreed immediately and Graziani intensified the oppression.  Some Libyans continued to defend themselves, with the strongest voices of dissent coming from Cyrenaica.  Omar Mukhtar, a sheikh of the Sennusi tribe, became the leader of the uprising.
After a much-disputed truce on 3 January 1928, the Italian policy in Libya reached the level of full-scale war, including deportation and concentration of people of northern Cyrenaica to deny the rebels the support of the local population.  After Omar Mukhtar's capture September 15, 1931 and his execution in Benghazi, the resistance gradually disappeared.  Limited resistance to the Italian occupation crystallized round Sheik Idris, the Sennusi Emir of Cyrenaica.

Creation of "Libya"
By 1934, Libya was fully pacified and the new Italian governor Italo Balbo started a policy of integration between the Arabs and the Italians. New laws in 1939 allowed Muslims to join the National Fascist Party and in particular the "Muslim Association of the Lictor" (Associazione Musulmana del Littorio).  The 1939 reforms  also allowed the creation of Libyan military units within the Italian army. During the North African Campaign of World War II this brought strong support for Italy among many Muslim Libyans, who enrolled in the Italian Army 

Governor Balbo created "Libya" in 1934, with the unification of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan in a single country.  He developed the new "Italian Libya" from 1934 to 1940, creating a huge infrastructure including 4,000 km of roads, 400 km of narrow gauge railways, new industries, and many new agricultural villages.
The Libyan economy prospered, mainly in the agricultural sector.  Even some manufacturing activities were developed, mostly related to the food industry.  Many building were made.  Furthermore, the Italians made modern medical care available for the first time in Libya and improved sanitary conditions in the towns. It was also created a huge web of connections to Italy, by sea and by air (like the Linea dell'Impero, an air route that united Libya with Rome and with Ethiopia/Somalia).

The italian language in libya was commonly used in the main cities and was understood by nearly all the native arab population in the early 1940s.

Howard Christie wrote that:
The Italians started numerous and diverse businesses in Tripolitania and Cirenaica. These included an explosives factory, railway workshops, Fiat Motor works, various food processing plants, electrical engineering workshops, ironworks, water plants, agricultural machinery factories, breweries, distilleries, biscuit factories, a tobacco factory, tanneries, bakeries, lime, brick and cement works, Esparto grass industry, mechanical saw mills, and the Petrolibya Society (Trye 1998). Italian investment in her colony was to take advantage of new colonists and to make it more self-sufficient. Total native Italian population for Libya was 110,575 out of a total population of 915,440 in 1940 (General Staff War Office 1939, 165/b).

Governor Balbo promoted the construction of many new villages  for many thousands of Italian colonists in the coastal areas of "Italian Libya" and of new villages for the Arabs.
Libya was an important theater of war in World War II.  On 13 September 1940, Italian forces used the "Via Balbia" (Mussolini's highway in northern Libya) for the invasion of Egypt.  British and allied Allied forces from Egypt, commanded by Wavell made a successful two-month campaign in (Tobruk, Bengasi, El Agheila).  Counteroffensives under Rommel in 1940-43, also took place here.  In November 1942, the Allied forces retook Cyrenaica; by February 1943, the last German and Italian soldiers were driven from Libya.

Related pages
Italian Tripoli
Libya's Italian language

Notes 

20th century in Italy
20th century in Libya
Former colonies in Africa
The National Democratic Front of Bodoland, also known as NDFB or the Bodo Security Force, is an militant group in Assam, India. They want to make an independent Bodoland for the indigenous Bodo people. The founder of the organization, Ransaigra Nabla Daimary (Ranjan Daimary) has been arrested and detained by Indian government.

Separatist movements of India
Nationalist organizations in India
Rebel militia groups in Asia
Organizations based in Assam
Richard Joseph Daley (May 15, 1902 – December 20, 1976) was an American politician who served for 21 years as the mayor of Chicago. He was one of the biggest bosses of the Democratic Party in the United States. At his time while being the mayor, he was one of the most well-known Irish-Americans. His son, Richard M. Daley was also the mayor of Chicago for 22 years. He is also the father of William M. Daley.

Daley was born in Bridgeport, Chicago, Illinois. He studied at DePaul University. He was married to Eleanor "Sis" Daley from 1936 until his death in 1976. They had 7 children. Daley died on December 20, 1976 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 74.

References

Other websites

Mayor Richard J. Daley 
Mayor Richard J. Daley of Chicago
Richard Daley's Gravesite

1902 births
1976 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
DePaul University alumni
Mayors of Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Harold Lee Washington (April 15, 1922 – November 25, 1987) was an American lawyer and politician. He became the first African-American Mayor of Chicago, serving from 1983 until his death in 1987. The Harold Washington Library is named after him.

Washington was born on April 15, 1922 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Roosevelt College and at Northwestern University School of Law. 

He was married to Nancy Dorothy Finch from 1942 until they divorced in 1950. Then he was engaged to Mary Ella Smith until his death in 1987. 

Washington died suddenly on November 25, 1987 in Chicago City Hall from a heart attack, aged 65.

References

Other websites
"The Legacy of Chicago's Harold Washington", Cheryl Corley, All Things Considered, November 23, 2007. Accessed November 23, 2007.
Harold Washington on the Legacy of Richard J. Daley
 A Latino Resource
1922 births
1987 deaths
Burials at Oak Woods Cemetery
African American lawyers
African-American military personnel
African American politicians
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mayors of Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States representatives from Illinois
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Chicago
Chicago City Hall is the official city hall of the City of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Next to the Richard J. Daley Center and the James R. Thompson Center, the building that includes Chicago City Hall has the offices of the mayor. The building's east side (called the County Building) is for offices of Cook County. It is on a city block bounded by Randolph, LaSalle, Washington, and Clark streets. The 11-story building was designed by the architectural firm Holabird & Roche in the classical revival style. The building was officially dedicated on February 27, 1911.

Other websites

 City of Chicago 
 Cook County
 Chicago Landmarks: City Hall-County Building

Buildings and structures in Chicago
Government of Chicago
1911 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Illinois
Antonín Josef Čermák (May 9, 1873 – March 6, 1933) was an American politician of Czech origin. He was best known as the mayor of Chicago. He was mayor from 1931 until his assassination in 1933.

Biography
Antonín Josef Čermák was born on May 9, 1873 in Kladno, Austria-Hungary. He was married to Mary Horejas until his death in 1933. They have one daughter, Helena.

Cermak was elected president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners in 1922, chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party in 1928, and mayor of Chicago in 1931. In 1928 he ran for the United States Senate and was defeated by Republican Otis F. Glenn, receiving 46% of the vote.

His mayoral victory came in the wake of the Great Depression and the deep resentment many Chicagoans had of Prohibition and the increasing violence resulting from organized crime's control of Chicago, typified by the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
Death
Cermak was mortally shot while being at a Democratic Party convention for Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 15, 1933 that was supposed attempt to assassinate Roosevelt. He died 19 days later from injury he sustained. He was 59 years old. 4 other people were also shot but received their minor injuries. Later doctors said Cermak would have lived if he had never had colitis.

Aftermath
His only daughter, Helena married future Governor of Illinois Otto Kerner, Jr.

References

Other websites

Cermak's tomb at Bohemian National Cemetery

1873 births
1933 deaths
Assassinated American politicians
Mayors of Chicago
Murders by firearm in Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Jane Margaret Byrne (May 24, 1933 – November 14, 2014) was the first female mayor of Chicago. She served from April 16, 1979 to April 29, 1983. She lost her re-election in 1983 to Harold Washington.

Byrne was born on May 24, 1933 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at DePaul University. She was married to William Byrne from 1956 until his death in 1959. Then she was married to Jay McMullen from 1978 until his death in 1992. She had a daughter, Kathy by William Byrne. William Bryne died in an airplane accident.

Byrne died in Chicago, Illinois from complications of a stroke, aged 81.

References

Other websites
Former City Hall Reporter Ray Hanania's online look at the City Hall Press Room and the Byrne Administration, published in the Chicago Reader and later online 

1933 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Mayors of Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Carter Henry Harrison, Jr. (April 23, 1860 – December 25, 1953) served as Mayor of Chicago (1897–1905 and 1911–1915). As the City's 30th mayor, he was the first mayor actually born in Chicago. His father was Mayor of Chicago, Carter Harrison, Sr..

Carter was born on April 23, 1860 in Chicago, Illinois. His father, Carter Harrison, Sr. was already the mayor but was assassinated while in office. He was married to Edith Ogden. He had two children. Harrison died on December 25, 1953 in Chicago, Illinois from natural causes, aged 93.

References

Other websites

 Mayor Carter Henry Harrison Papers  at the Newberry Library

1860 births
1953 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Chicago
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
Mayors of Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Carter Henry Harrison, Sr. (February 15, 1825 – October 28, 1893) was an American politician who was mayor of Chicago from 1879 until 1887; he was elected to a fifth term in 1893 but was assassinated before completing his term.

He previously served two terms in the United States House of Representatives. Harrison was the first cousin twice removed of President William Henry Harrison. He is also related to President Benjamin Harrison. His son, Carter Harrison, Jr. would later become Mayor of Chicago.

Harrison was born on February 15, 1825 in Fayette County, Kentucky. He studied at Yale University. He was married two times and secretly engaged to another before his death. Harrison died on October 28, 1893 after being shot and killed in his home in Chicago, Illinois, aged 68.

References
References

1825 births
1893 deaths
Deaths by firearm in the United States
United States representatives from Illinois
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
American murder victims
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from Kentucky
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Anmanari Brown is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She was one of the pioneers of the art movement across the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara lands, which began in 2000. Since then, her paintings have gained much success. Her work is held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of Western Australia, the Queensland Art Gallery, and the National Gallery of Australia.

Brown was born roughly some time during the 1930s. She was born at Purpurna, a waterhole that is sacred to the Pitjantjatjara. She grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life in the bush with her family, before any contact with Euro-Australian society. In the 1950s, her family was moved out of the bush to live at Warburton, with many other Aboriginal families. Warburton was a Christian mission at the time, and Brown was taught at school here by missionaries. When she was older, Brown moved to Irrunytju and married Nyakul Dawson.
Brown began work as an artist in 2000. The women of Irrunytju had opened an art centre as an community-owned economic program. Anmanari and other senior women in the community began painting for Irrunytju Arts on linen canvases. Their first exhibition was held in 2001, in Perth. The art mixed modern painting techniques with ancient designs and cultural law.

From the beginning of her career, Brown often painted with her friend Tjayanka Woods. When Brown's husband died in 2007, she and Woods left Irrunytju and went to live at Papulankutja, on Ngaanyatjarra lands. Here, they paint for Papulankutja Artists. In April 2010, the two women held their first solo exhibition together at the Vivien Anderson Gallery in Melbourne.

Brown mostly paints the  (Seven Sisters Dreaming). Her connection to this Dreaming comes from her mother, whose homeland is Kuru Ala, a sacred place for women. The paintings in her solo show depicted stories from this Dreaming.
Brown's paintings are not figurative. She does not explicitly depict figures or features of the landscape, but she does use iconographic symbols to represent them. She uses patterned lines to represent tracks in a journey, or seven small shapes or lines to represent the sisters. She also sometimes uses colour symbolically. While Brown mainly paints directly on canvas, several of her works are made from screen-printing methods.

References

Other websites
Resources at the National Library of Australia

1930s births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Artists from Western Australia
Artists from the Northern Territory
Levi Day Boone (December 6, 1808 – January 24, 1882) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1855–1856) for the American Party (Know-Nothings).

Boone was born near Lexington, Kentucky. He studied at Transylvania University.  He became a doctor.  Boone was married to Louise M. Smith. They had 11 children. In 1862, Boone was arrested and briefly held in Camp Douglas on suspicion that he had helped a Confederate prisoner to escape.
Boone first ran for mayor of Chicago in 1855.  He campaigned on a platform attacking Catholics and immigrants. After he was elected, he ordered the enforcement of a law against selling alcohol on Sundays -- but only in immigrant neighborhoods. On April 21, 1854, protesters, who did not like the bars being closed on Sudnays, fought with police, who supported Boone.  "One protester was killed and dozens wounded in the brief clash, but the resulting backlash destroyed Boone's political career."   Boone did not run for re-election in the mayoral election of 1856. Boone died on January 24, 1882 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 73.

References

Other websites
Inaugural Address
Boone Biography at Chicago Public Library

1808 births
1882 deaths
Burials at Rosehill Cemetery
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from Kentucky
James Curtiss (April 7, 1803 – November 2, 1859) was an American politician who was the Mayor of Chicago two times. He ran for the Democrat.

Curtiss was born on April 7, 1803 in Wethersfield, Connecticut. He was raised in both Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in Chicago, Illinois. Curtiss died on November 2, 1859 in Joliet, Illinois from an illness, aged 53.

References

Other websites
 First Inaugural Address
 Second Inaugural Address

1803 births
1859 deaths
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from Connecticut
Politicians from Philadelphia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Connecticut
Lawyers from Chicago
William Butler Ogden (June 15, 1805 – August 3, 1877) was the first Mayor of Chicago.

Ogden was born on June 15, 1805 in Walton, New York. He was married to Mariana Arnot from 1875 until his death in 1877. They had no children. Butler lost almost everything he had in the Great Chicago Fire. Butler died on August 3, 1877 in Fordham Heights, New York, aged 72.

References

1805 births
1877 deaths
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from New York (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Eugene Sawyer (September 3, 1934 – January 19, 2008) was an American businessman and politician. He was the Mayor of Chicago from 1987 to 1989. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the second African American to be mayor of Chicago.

Sawyer was born on September 3, 1934 in Greensboro, Alabama. He studied at Alabama State University. Sawyer never married and has no children. Sawyer died on January 19, 2008 in Chicago, Illinois from a stroke, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 ''New York Times article

1934 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Burials at Oak Woods Cemetery
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from Alabama
African American politicians
Businesspeople from Alabama
Businesspeople from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Joseph Medill (April 6, 1823 – March 16, 1899) was a Canadian-American newspaper editor and politician who was the Mayor of Chicago from 1871 through 1873. He left as mayor of Chicago because he was going on a tour to Europe. He left Lester L. Bond as the mayor for 3½ months.

Medill was born on April 6, 1823 in Saint John, New Brunswick. He was never married. He had 2 children. Medill died on March 16, 1899 in San Antonia, Texas, aged 75.

References

1923 births
1899 deaths
Mayors of Chicago
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
Politicians from New Brunswick
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Canadian editors
Alson Sherman (April 21, 1811 – September 27, 1903) was an American politician from Chicago who was the Mayor of Chicago from 1844 through 1845.

Sherman was married to April 21, 1811 in Barre, Vermont. He was married to Aurora Abbott from 1833 until her death in 1883. They had 14 children. Sherman died on September 27, 1903 in Waukegan, Illinois, aged 92.

References

1811 births
1903 deaths
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from Vermont
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Roswell B. Mason (September 19, 1805 – January 1, 1892) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1869–1871) for the Citizens Party.

Roswell was born on September 19, 1805 in Hartford, New York. He was never married and had no children. 

Roswell held a high position with the Illinois Central Railroad until he decided to run to be Mayor of Chicago on a reform ticket. During Mason's administration, the Great Chicago Fire occurred. Mason responded by directing General Philip Sheridan to place the city under martial law.

Mason died on January 1, 1892 from natural causes in Chicago, Illinois, aged 86.

Related pages
 Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago

References

1805 births
1892 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Chicago
Burials at Rosehill Cemetery
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from New York (state)
Professor Emil Hamilton or Ruina is a fictional Superman character. He is mostly a mad scientist who is a threat to the world. He is smart and has a suit that learned all of Superman's weaknesses and abilities so that he could copy them. 

He will be played by actor Richard Schiff in the 2013 movie Man of Steel. He was voiced by Victor Brandt in Superman: The Animated Series.

DC Comics characters
Mad scientists
Thomas Coryat  (c. 1577–1617) was an English traveller and writer of the late Elizabethan times. He is remembered today for two books he wrote about his travels through Europe and parts of Asia. He often travelled on foot to get to far off places.

Coryat reached as far as India in his travels from England. At that time the Mughal Emperor Jahangir was ruling there and he rewarded Coryat and gave him money to reach back home. However, Coryat died in Surat, Gujarat, before he could return.

1577 births
1617 deaths
History of India
English writers
English explorers
The Mian Arain family of Baghbanpura is an old family of Lahore, now in Pakistan. They used to live in the Baghbanpura neighborhood of Lahore. They were the official caretakers of the Shalimar Gardens Lahore during the time of the Mughal Empire and were later made into court nobles by the Mughals. 

The family has produced many famous people who played an important role in the social, cultural and political life of  Lahore city.

Indian families
People from Lahore
Punjabi people
The Arain are a Punjabi agricultural tribe in India and Pakistan. Originally, they had agricultural roots but in later times some of them shifted to towns and cities and became famous in many areas. A famous Arain family in the Indian subcontinent is the Mian Family of Baghbanpura, in Lahore. Some say that they are Aryans and that their name is also from this.

References

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnic groups in India
Walter S. Gurnee (March 9, 1813 – April 18, 1903) was an American politician. He was the Mayor of Chicago from 1851 through 1853. The town Gurnee, Illinois is named after him. He was a Democrat.

Gurnee was born on March 9, 1813 in Haverstraw, New York. He was raised in Michigan and in Chicago. He was never married and had no children. Gurnee died on April 18, 1903 in New York City, New York from natural causes, aged 90.

References

Other websites
Village of Gurnee, IL history page
1st Inaugural speech at Chicago Public Library
2nd Inaugural speech at Chicago Public Library

1813 births
1903 deaths
Mayors of Chicago
Politicians from New York (state)
Politicians from Michigan
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Basilar-type migraine (BTM) is a type of migraine with aura that causes a headache which usually starts in the occipital region which is in the lower back part of the brain. The symptoms that are believed to start in the brainstem, occipital cortex, and cerebellum and the pain may affect both sides of the brain at the same time.

Most people who have basilar-type migraine also have migraines with aura without the basilar symptoms. This type of migraine is usually more common in young people between about 10–19 years of age.
The word Basilar comes from the Middle French word basilaire: of or related to the base. In medicine it usually refers to the base or bottom of a body part especially the skull.   
 
BTM is called 'basilar-type' because it was first described in the areas of the brain which receive blood from the basilar artery, which includes most parts of the brain in the posterior fossa and also the brainstem, which are in the lower, back part of the brain (occipital region). But it was later seen that BTM may also affect areas of the brain outside of the areas which receive blood from the basilar artery, and also no proof that problems in the basilar artery are the cause.

References

Migraine
Dare County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2010, there were 33,920 people living there.  Its county seat is Manteo, North Carolina.  It is named after Virginia Dare. Virginia Dare was the first English child born in the Americas. She was born in the Roanoke Colony, in what is now Dare County. Buffalo City, in Dare County, was once the biggest community in the country. (Today, Buffalo City is abandoned.) Dare County is the largest county in North Carolina.

Sources 

19th-century establishments in North Carolina
1870 establishments in the United States
North Carolina counties
Lionel Barrymore (Lionel Herbert Blythe, April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American movie, television, stage, and radio actor who won an Academy Award in 1931. He is known for his roles in A Free Soul, The Little Colonel, It's a Wonderful Life, Young Dr. Kildare, and in David Copperfield. His brother was actor John Barrymore and his grandniece is actress Drew Barrymore.

Barrymore was born on April 28, 1878 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at the Episcopal Academy. Barrymore was married to Doris Rankin from 1904 until they divorced in 1923. Then he was married to Irene Fenwick from 1923 until they divorced in 1936. He had two daughters with Rankin, both died early. He had a fatherly love with Jean Harlow and treated her as if she was his own daughter. Barrymore died on November 15, 1954 in Van Nuys, California from a heart attack, aged 76.

References

Other websites

Photographs of Lionel Barrymore
Lionel Barrymore at Internet Broadway Database
1878 births
1954 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American silent movie actors
Actors from Philadelphia
Academy Award winning actors
John Barrymore (John Sidney Blyth, February 15, 1882 – May 29, 1942) was an American movie, television, stage, and radio actor. He was known for his roles in Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde (1920), Grand Hotel (1932), Dinner at Eight (1933), Twentieth Century (1934), and Don Juan (1926). His brother is Academy Award-winning actor Lionel Barrymore. His granddaughter is actress Drew Barrymore.

Barrymore was born on February 15, 1882 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was married to Katherine Corri Harris from 1910 until they divorced in 1917. Then he was married to Blanche Oelrichs from 1920 until they divorced in 1925. Then he was married to Dolores Costello from 1928 until they divorced in 1934. Then he was last married to Elaine Barrie from 1936 until they divorced in 1940. Barrymore had three children. Barrymore died on May 29, 1942 in Los Angeles, California from cirrhosis, aged 60.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1882 births
1942 deaths
Actors from Philadelphia
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Barrymore family
Deaths from cirrhosis
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Two-Face or Harvey Dent is a fictional Batman supervillain who appears in comic books by DC Comics. The character was created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and first appeared in Detective Comics #66 (August 1942). He was the district attorney of Gotham City before being burned in an explosion or being burned by acid. After his accident, he became a villain because of his anger against Batman and Gotham City. He always flips a coin when he is about to a commit a crime or take action. Half of his coin is burned. He had a girlfriend, but she either died or left him after his accident. 

He was played by Billy Dee Williams in Batman, by Tommy Lee Jones in Batman Forever, and by Aaron Eckhart in The Dark Knight, and Nicholas D'Agosto in the television series Gotham. He was voiced by Richard Moll in Batman: The Animated Series.

Other websites

Two-Face at the DC Database Project

Batman characters
DC Comics supervillains
Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
The Scarecrow or Dr. Jonathan Crane is a fictional Batman supervillain who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. He uses fear gas to scare his victims and even Batman. He wears a scarecrow mask and a scarecrow costume. 

He first appeared in World's Finest Comics #3 (September, 1941).

Story
Jonathan Crane was bullied at school. He was called mean names like "Ichabod Crane", because he looked like the character Ichabod Crane from the book Sleepy Hollow. Because of this, he became obsessed with fear. He became a psychologist and learnt about fear. He lost his job for using his patients as tests for his fear gases and drugs. He then became a criminal.

Portrayals
He was played by Cillian Murphy in Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and in The Dark Knight Rises.

References

Batman characters
DC Comics supervillains
Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
Yeiki Kobashigawa (September 28, 1917-March 31, 2005)  was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life
Kobashigawa was born at Hilo, Hawaii.  He is the son of immigrants who were born in Japan. He is a Nisei, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
One month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Kobashigawa joined the US Army in November 1941.

Kobashigawa volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.
For his actions in June 1944, Kobashigawa was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Kobashigawa's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Kobashigawa's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1944. He led successful attacks on four machine gun positions.
Technical Sergeant Yeiki Kobashigawa distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 2 June 1944, in the vicinity of Lanuvio, Italy. During an attack, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's platoon encountered strong enemy resistance from a series of machine guns providing supporting fire. Observing a machine gun nest 50 yards from his position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa crawled forward with one of his men, threw a grenade and then charged the enemy with his submachine gun while a fellow soldier provided covering fire. He killed one enemy soldier and captured two prisoners. Meanwhile, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa and his comrade were fired upon by another machine gun 50 yards ahead. Directing a squad to advance to his first position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa again moved forward with a fellow soldier to subdue the second machine gun nest
. After throwing grenades into the position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa provided close supporting fire while a fellow soldier charged, capturing four prisoners. On the alert for other machine gun nests, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa discovered four more, and skillfully led a squad in neutralizing two of them. Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov  
 

1917 births
2005 deaths
Military people from Hawaii
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II
Hilo, Hawaii