Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ancelle (05004)
 Aspremont (05008)
 Aspres-lès-Corps (05009)
 Aspres-sur-Buëch (05010)
 Avançon (05011)
 Baratier (05012)
 Barcillonnette (05013)
 Barret-sur-Méouge (05014)
 La Bâtie-Montsaléon (05016)
 La Bâtie-Neuve (05017)
 La Bâtie-Vieille (05018)
 La Beaume (05019)
 Le Bersac (05021)
 Bréziers (05022)
 Bruis (05024)
 Buissard (05025)
 Chabestan (05028)
 Chabottes (05029)
 Champoléon (05032)
 Chanousse (05033)
 La Chapelle-en-Valgaudémar (05064)
 Châteauneuf-d'Oze (05035)
 Châteauroux-les-Alpes (05036)
 Châteauvieux (05037)
 Chauffayer (05039)
 Chorges (05040)
 Les Costes (05043)
 Crévoux (05044)
 Crots (05045)
 Le Dévoluy (05139)
 Embrun (05046)
 Éourres (05047)
 L'Épine (05048)
 Esparron (05049)
 Espinasses (05050)
 Étoile-Saint-Cyrice (05051)
 La Fare-en-Champsaur (05054)
 La Faurie (05055)
 Forest-Saint-Julien (05056)
 Fouillouse (05057)
 La Freissinouse (05059)
 Furmeyer (05060)
 Gap (05061)
 Garde-Colombe (05053)
 Le Glaizil (05062)
 La Haute-Beaume (05066)
 Jarjayes (05068)
Jarjayes (05068)
 Laragne-Montéglin (05070)
 Lardier-et-Valença (05071)
 Laye (05072)
 Lazer (05073)
 Lettret (05074)
 Manteyer (05075)
 Méreuil (05076)
 Monêtier-Allemont (05078)
 Montbrand (05080)
 Montclus (05081)
 Montgardin (05084)
 Montjay (05086)
 Montmaur (05087)
 Montmorin (05088)
 Montrond (05089)
 La Motte-en-Champsaur (05090)
 Moydans (05091)
 Neffes (05092)
 Nossage-et-Bénévent (05094)
 Le Noyer (05095)
 Orcières (05096)
 Orpierre (05097)
 Les Orres (05098)
 Oze (05099)
 Pelleautier (05100)
 La Piarre (05102)
 Le Poët (05103)
 Poligny (05104)
 Prunières (05106)
 Puy-Saint-Eusèbe (05108)
 Puy-Sanières (05111)
 Rabou (05112)
 Rambaud (05113)
 Réallon (05114)
 Remollon (05115)
 Ribeyret (05117)
 Rochebrune (05121)
 La Roche-des-Arnauds (05123)
 La Rochette (05124)
 Rosans (05126)
 Rousset (05127)
 Saint-André-d'Embrun (05128)
 Saint-André-de-Rosans (05129)
 Saint-Apollinaire (05130)
 Saint-Auban-d'Oze (05131)
 Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur (05132)
 Sainte-Colombe (05135)
 Sainte-Marie (05150)
Saint-Étienne-le-Laus (05140)
 Saint-Eusèbe-en-Champsaur (05141)
 Saint-Firmin (05142)
 Saint-Jacques-en-Valgodemard (05144)
 Saint-Jean-Saint-Nicolas (05145)
 Saint-Julien-en-Beauchêne (05146)
 Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur (05147)
 Saint-Laurent-du-Cros (05148)
 Saint-Léger-les-Mélèzes (05149)
 Saint-Maurice-en-Valgodemard (05152)
 Saint-Michel-de-Chaillol (05153)
 Saint-Pierre-Avez (05155)
 Saint-Pierre-d'Argençon (05154)
 Saint-Sauveur (05156)
 Le Saix (05158)
 Saléon (05159)
 Salérans (05160)
 La Saulce (05162)
 Le Sauze-du-Lac (05163)
 Savines-le-Lac (05164)
 Savournon (05165)
 Serres (05166)
 Sigottier (05167)
 Sigoyer (05168)
 Sorbiers (05169)
 Tallard (05170)
 Théus (05171)
 Trescléoux (05172)
 Upaix (05173)
 Val Buëch-Méouge (05118)
 Valserres (05176)
 Ventavon (05178)
 Veynes (05179)
 Villar-Loubière (05182)
 Vitrolles (05184)
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Gap
Cosgrove Hall Films (also known as Cosgrove Hall Productions) was a Manchester, UK production company begun by Brian Cosgrove. Cosgrove Hall Films produced various series and productions to 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The company was formed in 1976. They stopped creating shows in 2012.

Series and productions

1970s
Sally And Jake (Thames for ITV 1974 to 1978)
Noddy (1975 TV series)
Chorlton and the Wheelies (Thames for ITV 1976 to 1979)
Jamie and the Magic Torch (Thames for ITV 1976 to 1980)
Grandma Bricks of Swallow Street (Thames for ITV 1977 to 1978)
Captain Kremmen (1978–1980)
The Talking Parcel (ITV 1978)
Cinderella (1979)
1980s
Cockleshell Bay (1980–1986)
The Pied Piper of Hamelin (Thames for ITV 1981)
Danger Mouse (Thames for ITV 1981 to 1992) (Repeated on BBC2 2007 to 2009)
The Wind in the Willows (Thames for ITV 1983 to 1988)
Alias the Jester (Thames for ITV 1985 to 1986)
The Reluctant Dragon (Thames for ITV 1987)
Creepy Crawlies (ITV, 1987 to 1989)
Count Duckula (Thames for ITV 1988 to 1992, Central for ITV 1993)
A Tale of Two Toads (Thames for ITV 1989)
The BFG (1989)
1990s
Oh, Mr. Toad (Thames for ITV 1990)
The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship (Thames for ITV 1990)
The Sandman (Partnered with MacKinnon Productions, Channel 4 Television Corporation 1991)
Victor and Hugo (Thames for ITV 1991 - 1992)
Terry Pratchett's Truckers (Thames for ITV 1992)
Noddy's Toyland Adventures (BBC Worldwide 1992 to 2001)
Sooty & Co. (Granada for ITV 1993 to 1998) (Opening sequence only)
Avenger Penguins (1993–1994)
Oakie Doke (BBC 1995 to 1996)
Fantomcat (1995 to 1996)
Sooty's Amazing Adventures (Meridian for ITV 1996 to 1997)
Brambly Hedge (1996 to 1997)
Enid Blyton's Enchanted Lands (1997)
The Animal Shelf (1997–2000)
Father Christmas and the Missing Reindeer (1998)
Mimi & Scruff (as part of Jamboree, 1998)
Rocky and the Dodos (Central for ITV 1998)
Rotten Ralph (Nickelodeon 1999 to 2001)
Lavender Castle (CITV 1999 to 2000)
The Foxbusters (1999 to 2000)
2000s
A Miss Mallard Mystery (2000)
Fetch the Vet (ITV 2000 to 2001)
Vampires, Pirates & Aliens (2000)
Bill and Ben (CBBC/Cbeebies remake - 2001-2003)
Andy Pandy (CBeebies remake - 2002-2009)
Engie Benjy (ITV 2002 to 2005)
Little Robots (Create TV and Film Limited, 2003-2005)
Adventurers Masters of Time (2003)                                                                                                                                                              
The Koala Brothers (Spellbound Entertainment, 2003-2006)
Postman Pat (2003–2008)
100% People' (2004)                                                                                                                                                                          
Fifi and the Flowertots (Chapman Entertainment, HiT Entertainment 2005-2009)
Albie (Channel 5 )
Kid Clones (2005)
Doctor Who (Scream of the Shalka webcast, an animated reconstruction of The Invasion and The Infinite Quest.)
The Likeaballs (2006)                                                                                                                                                                         
Rupert Bear: Follow the Magic (Entertainment Rights, 2006)
Roary the Racing Car (Chapman Entertainment, HiT Entertainment 2007-2010)
Eddie Retractorhead (Nickelodeon 2008)
Pocoyo (Season 1 only, partnered with Zinkia Entertainment)
Danger Mouse (CBBC, 1981 - 1992) (not to be confused with the 2008-ongoing remake)
1976 establishments in the United Kingdom
2009 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Companies based in Greater Manchester
T2 phage is more properly called Enterobacteria phage T2. It is a virulent bacteriophage which infects Escherichia coli bacteria. 
It contains linear double-stranded DNA, and is covered by a protective protein coat. T2 is a 'tailed phage', one of a group known as the 'T4-like viruses'.

The DNA of the phage is injected into E. coli cells. It quickly turns the E. coli cell into a T2-producing factory. New phages are released when the cell ruptures. 

The Hershey–Chase experiments, done by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, showed how the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins stay outside. The injected DNA molecules cause the bacterial cells to produce more viral DNA and proteins. These discoveries showed that DNA, rather than proteins, is the hereditary material.

References 

Viruses
Rhyme royal is a seven-line stanza with rhyme scheme a-b-a-b-b-c-c. It is also spelled Rime royal.

It is unknown who invented this scheme. Geoffrey Chaucer introduced the stanza into English poetry in 14th century. It may have been borrowed from Italian or French poetry, but the form became typically English. Chaucer used the form in Troilus and Criseyde. Rhyme royal was popular in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Many English and Scottish poets used rhyme royal. It is suitable for long poems. In English literature rhyme royal is almost always composed of ten-syllable lines with five beats. Outside England rhyme royal is not as popular. In the United States Emma Lazarus wrote some poems using ababbcc rhyme-scheme. This stanza comes form her poem Sympathy (included in Epochs).
It comes not in such wise as she had deemed,	
 Else might she still have clung to her despair.	
 More tender, grateful than she could have dreamed,	
 Fond hands passed pitying over brows and hair,	
 And gentle words borne softly through the air,	        
 Calming her weary sense and wildered mind,	
 By welcome, dear communion with her kind.

Poets who wrote rhyme royal frequently were William Morris and John Masefield. In 20th century the stanza went out of use.

References

Bibliography 
 Joseph Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, Art of Versification. Revised edition. Springfield: 1920.

Poetry forms
Ottava rima is a stanza of eight lines with the rhyme-scheme a-b-a-b-a-b-c-c.

Ottava rima is of Italian origin. It was used by many poets in Italy, Spain and Portugal in 15th and 16th centuries. Some of the poets to use this form were Ludovico Ariosto, Torquato Tasso, Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga and Luís Vaz de Camões. In England it was not so popular at that time. Later Lord Byron wrote Don Juan in ottava rima. An example can be found in Emma Lazarus's poetry:

 Master and Sage, greetings and health to thee,
 From thy most meek disciple! Deign once more
 Endure me at thy feet, enlighten me,
 As when upon my boyish head of yore,
 Midst the rapt circle gathered round thy knee
 Thy sacred vials of learning thou didst pour.
 By the large lustre of thy wisdom orbed
 Be my black doubts illumined and absorbed.

References

Bibliography 
Joseph Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, Art of Versification. Revised edition. Springfield: 1920.

Poetry forms
The Buëch () is a river in southeastern France, a right tributary of the Durance. It is also called the Grand Buëch in its upper course just to the confluence with the Petit Buëch river.

Geography
The Buëch river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Laragne-Montéglin in the Hautes-Alpes department, for a period of 15 years.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Laragne-Montéglin

Course
The Buëch starts several kilometres to the east of col de la Croix-Haute, a mountain pass in the western side of the Massif du Dévoluy mountains, in the commune of Lus-la-Croix-Haute, Drôme department, at an elevation of about . It then flows to the southwest and gets into the Hautes-Alpes department and then flows to the south.

Finally, the river flows into the Durance river, as a right tributary, near Sisteron, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department.
The Buëch flows through 3 departments and 23 communes, in 2 regions:
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes región
 Drôme: Lus-la-Croix-Haute
 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region
 Hautes-Alpes: La Faurie, Aspres-sur-Buëch, Serres, Saint-Julien-en-Beauchêne, Laragne-Montéglin
 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: Mison, Sisteron

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Buëch river are:

Left tributaries:
 Petit Buëch - 44.5 km

Right tributaries:
 Blaisance - 19.1 km
 Céans -  22.4 km
 Méouge - 39.6 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Rivers of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Rivers of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Agnes Nixon (December 10, 1922 - September 28, 2016) was an American actress, writer and producer. She was best known as the creator of soap operas, such as All My Children, One Life to Live and Loving. Nixon was also writer for As the World Turns. She was the head-writer for Guiding Light and Another World. Nixon was a pioneer in including subjects that were socially relevant into daytime television. She introduced subjects such as abortion, drug addiction and the Vietnam War into her stories.

Nixon was born in Chicago. She died at age 93 in Haverford, Pennsylvania. However, some sources claim Nixon was born in 1927.

References

Writers from Chicago
American television producers
Actors from Chicago
1922 births
2016 deaths
Cultured meat, also called synthetic meat, is meat grown in cell culture instead of inside animals. It is a form of cellular agriculture.  Cultured meat is produced using many of the same tissue engineering techniques used in regenerative medicine. Up to now the cost to produce cultured meat has been extremely high. The first cultured beef burger patty, created by Dr. Mark Post at Maastricht University, was eaten at a demonstration for the press in London in August 2013.

References 

Agriculture
Meat
Uranium trioxide (UO3), also called uranyl oxide, uranium(VI) oxide, and uranic oxide, is an oxide of uranium. UO3 is a hexavalent oxide, which means that the uranium in the compound has an oxidation state of +6. It can be formed by heating uranyl nitrate to 400 °C.

UO3 is a poisonous and slightly radioactive substance. It can be harmful if it is breathed in, ingested, or makes contact with skin.

References 

Chemical compounds
Uranium
Oxides
Umutsuz Ev Kadınları, is a Turkish comedy drama TV series, based on the American comedy drama TV series Desperate Housewives.

Turkish television series
Richard Aldington (8 July 1892 – 27 July 1962), born Edward Godfree Aldington, was an English writer and poet.

Aldington was known best for his World War I poetry and the 1929 novel, Death of a Hero. He was met with controversy from his 1955 Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Inquiry. His 1946 biography, Wellington, was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.

He met the poet Hilda Doolittle in 1911 and they married two years later. They divorced in 1938.

Aldington joined the British Army in 1916. He served in the Royal Sussex Regiment. He was wounded on the Western Front.

References

Other websites
 

1892 births
1962 deaths
British military personnel of World War I
British poets
British novelists
Edwin Atherstone (1788-1872) was an English writer, poet and playwright.

Biography 
Edwin Atherstone was born in Nottingham on 17 April 1788. He was one of fifteenth children of Hugh Atherstone and Ann Green. He learned in Yorkshire at Fulneck Moravian School. He lived with Mary Wainwright Pearson. They were never married, but had four children, three daughters and a son. Atherstone taught music at school in Taunton. He also collected paintings. The poet died in Bath on 29 January.
Edwin Atherstone wrote a lot. He published his first poem, named Last Days of Herculaneum in 1821. His best known work is the poem The Fall of Nineveh. The poem was written for many years. First edition was published in 1828, and the last one in 1868. It is written in blank verse. It is over twenty thousand lines long. It consists of a prelude and thirty books. It tells about a war between Medes and Assyrians. The war took place some centuries before Christ. Main heroes are Arbaces, prince of Medes, Belesis, a priest and friend of Arbaces and Sardanapalus, a cruel king of Assyria. After many battles Medes got Nineveh, which was the capital city of Assyria. Sardanapalus put fire to his own palace and died inside. Sardanapalus is really a criminal. He ordered execution of one hundred war prisoners. He locked all his concubines in his palace so that they died in the fire
. The other poems by Atherstone are Israel in Egypt, about Moses and freeing Jews form slavery in Egypt, Abradates and Panthea and A Midsummer Day's Dream. He also wrote two novels: The Sea-Kings in England (1830) and The Handwriting on the Wall (1858).
Inspired painting 
He was a close friend and associate of the painter John Martin, whose well-known painting "The Fall of Nineveh" was produced in conjunction with Atherstone's poem.

References 
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. Wikisource

Bibliography 
 Herbert F. Tucker, Epic. Britain's Heroic Muse 1790-1910, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008.

Other websites 
 Poems by Edwin Atherstone at PoemHunter.

1788 births
1872 deaths
English poets
English writers
English playwrights
The yuzu is a citrus fruit and plant. It originated in East Asia. The fruit looks like a rough small and yellow grapefruit, and changes colour from green to yellow when it becomes more ripe.

The yuzu is often used in Japanese and Korean cuisine. It appears much like a lemon but tastes more like a floral lime.

Citrus
Horw (Swiss German: Horb) is a municipality in Lucerne-Land in the Swiss canton of Lucerne.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Horw 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
The Swiss Family Robinson (German: Der Schweizerische Robinson) is a novel by Johann David Wyss. It was first published in 1812. The story is about a Swiss family shipwrecked in the East Indies while on their way to Port Jackson, Australia.
It was written by Swiss pastor Johann David Wyss, edited by his son Johann Rudolf Wyss and illustrated by his son Johann Emmanuel Wyss. The novel was intended to teach his four sons about family values, good husbandry, the uses of the natural world and self-reliance. Wyss' attitude toward education is in line with the teachings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Many of the episodes have to do with Christian-oriented moral lessons such as frugality, husbandry, acceptance, cooperation, etc. The family includes the sons Fritz, Ernest, Jack and Franz. It also includes their mother and their father who is the main character and narrator. The adventures are presented as a series of lessons in natural history and the physical sciences. It resembles other, similar educational books for children in this period
. Examples include Charlotte Turner Smith's Rural Walks: in Dialogues intended for the use of Young Persons (1795), Rambles Further: A continuation of Rural Walks (1796), A Natural History of Birds, intended chiefly for young persons (1807). But the novel differs in that it is modeled on Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, a genuine adventure story. It presents a geographically impossible array of large mammals that probably could never have existed together on a single island.
Over the years there have been many versions of the story with episodes added, changed, or deleted. Perhaps the best-known English version is by William H. G. Kingston, first published in 1879. It is based on Isabelle de Montolieu's 1813 French adaptation and 1824 continuation (from chapter 37) Le Robinson suisse, ou, Journal d'un père de famille, naufragé avec ses enfants in which were added further adventures of Fritz, Franz, Ernest, and Jack. Other English editions that claim to include the whole of the Wyss-Montolieu narrative are by W. H. Davenport Adams (1869–1910) and Mrs H. B. Paull (1879).

Although movie and TV adaptations typically name the family "Robinson", it is not a Swiss name. The "Robinson" of the title refers to Robinson Crusoe. The German name translates as the Swiss Robinson, and identifies the novel as belonging to the Robinsonade genre, rather than as a story about a family named Robinson.
Other adaptations
The novels in one form or another have also been adapted numerous times, sometimes changing location and/or time period:

Book sequels
 Willis the pilot: a sequel to The Swiss family Robinson; or, Adventures of an emigrant family wrecked on an unknown coast of the Pacific Ocean (1858) has been attributed to Johann Wyss or to Johanna Spyri, author of Heidi.
 Second Fatherland (Seconde Patrie, 1900), by Jules Verne takes up the story at the point where Wyss's tale left off. It has also been published in two volumes, Their Island Home and Castaways of the Flag.
  Return to Robinson Island (2015), by TJ Hoisington, Based on the original 1812 Swiss Family Robinson novel.

Film versions
 Al-Ṭurfa al-Šahiyya fī aḫbār al-ʿAʾila al-Swīsiyya, Arabic translation (c. 1900)
 Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film)
 Swiss Cheese Family Robinson (Mighty Mouse episode, 1947)
 Swiss Family Robinson (1960 Walt Disney film)
 The Swiss Family Robinson (1976)
 The Adventures of Swiss Family Robinson (1998)
Television series
 English Family Robinson (1957)
 Lost in Space (1965-1968) - science fiction adaptation in which the Robinsons are a family of explorers whose spacecraft goes off course. Identical concept to, but not based upon, the Space Family Robinson comic book listed below.
 Swiss Family Robinson (1974) — Canadian series starring Chris Wiggins
 Swiss Family Robinson (1975) — American series starring Martin Milner
 The Swiss Family Robinson: Flone of the Mysterious Island—(1981) anime series.
 The Adventures of Swiss Family Robinson (1998) — New Zealand series starring Richard Thomas

Made for TV movies
 The Swiss Family Robinson (1958)
 The Swiss Family Robinson (1973)
 The Swiss Family Robinson (1973)
 The Swiss Family Robinson (1975)
 Beverly Hills Family Robinson (1998)
 The New Swiss Family Robinson (1998) — Starring Jane Seymour, James Keach, and David Carradine
 Stranded (2002)

Comic book series
 Space Family Robinson (1962 to 1984) - science fiction adaptation
Stage adaptations
 Swiss Family Robinson written by Jerry Montoya and performed at B Street Theatre in Sacramento, California in 2009.

Computer adventure game
 Swiss Family Robinson (computer game) created in 1984 by Tom Snyder Productions for the Apple II and Commodore 64, published under the Windham Classics label.  The player takes the role of Fritz, the eldest brother.

Parody
 The New Swiss Family Robinson by Owen Wister (1882).

Related pages 
 Robinson Crusoe
 Castaway
 The Coral Island
 Lost in Space

References

Other websites 
 The Swiss Family Robinson; GoodReads

1810s books
Kriens is a municipality in Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Kriens 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
The Barre des Écrins is a mountain in the French Alps. It is the highest peak of the Massif des Écrins and of the Dauphiné Alps mountain range. It is in the Écrins National Park (), one of the ten French national parks.

It is the only mountain  or higher in France that is outside the Mont Blanc Massif. Before the annexation of Savoy, that was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1860, it was the highest mountain in France.

Geography

Barre des Écrins is in the northeast of the Hautes-Alpes department (commune of Pelvoux), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeast France.

The south side of the mountain is rocky while the soil of the north side is covered with ice because here starts a glacier, the Glacier Blanc.
Barre des Écrins is surrounded by four glaciers:
 Glacier Blanc, on the north side. It is  long.
 Glacier Noir; its northern part is on the southwestern side of the mountain. It is  long.
 Glacier de la Pilatte, or Glacier du Vallon de la Pillate, on the western side. It is short,  long, and divided now in three parts.
 Glacier de Bonne Pierre, to the northwest of the mountain. It is  long.

History
The first recorded ascension of the peak was made on 25 June 1864 by the Englishmen Adolphus Warburton Moore, Horace Walker and Edward Whymper, guided by Michel Croz from Chamonix and Christian Almer from Switzerland.

William Auguste Coolidge, a mountain climber from United States made the first direct climb up the north side of the Barre des Ecrins in July 1870.

References

Other websites

 Barre des Écrins at Altituderando.com 

Alps
Mountains of France
Hautes-Alpes
Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture. Unfinished stone from a quarry is called rubble. Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as 'brash'. Where present, it becomes more noticeable when the land is ploughed or worked.

Building
"Rubble-work" is a name applied to several types of masonry. One kind, where the stones are loosely thrown together in a wall between boards and grouted with mortar almost like concrete, is called in Italian "muraglia di getto" and in French "bocage". In Pakistan, walls made of rubble and concrete, cast in a formwork, are called 'situ', which probably derives from Sanskrit (similar to the Latin 'in situ' meaning 'made on the spot').
Walls that use large stones put together without any attempt at courses is called rubble walling. They are laid at random and are held together with mortar. Where similar work is laid in courses, it is known as coursed rubble. Dry-stone walling is somewhat similar work done without the use of mortar. It is bound together by the fit of the stones and the regular placement of stones which extend through the thickness of the wall. A rubble wall built with mortar will be stronger if assembled in this way. Building foundations made of rubble almost always leak water and are damp.

Rubble walls in Malta
Rubble walls () are found all over the island of Malta. Similar walls are also frequently found in Sicily and the Arab countries. The various shapes and sizes of the stones used to build these walls look like stones that were found in the area lying on the ground or in the soil.  It is most probable that the practice of building these walls around the field was inspired by the Arabs during their rule in Malta, as in Sicily who were also ruled by the Arabs around the same period. The Maltese farmer found that the technique of these walls was very useful especially during an era where resources were limited. Rubble walls are used to serve as borders between the property of one farm from the other. A great advantage that  rubble walls offered is that when heavy rain falls, their structure would allow excessive water to pass through and therefore, excess water will not ruin the products
. Soil erosion is minimised as the wall structure allows the water to pass through but it traps the soil and prevents it from being carried away from the field. One can see many rubble walls on the side of the hills and in valleys where the land slopes down and consequently the soil is in greater danger of being carried away.
References

Other websites 
 Example of a coursed rubble wall in Malta
 Reusing construction rubble - Low cost alternative building materials; YouTube
 Few Things to Think About Before Building a Rock Wall; YouTube

Building materials
Francisco de Sá de Miranda (28 August 1481 – 17 May 1558) was a Portuguese poet.

Sá de Miranda was the first author of Renaissance in Portugal. He was born in Coimbra. His parents were Gonçalo Mendes de Sá and Inês de Melo. He learned Greek, Latin and philosophy at Santa Cruz Monastery. Then he went to Lisbon to study law at the university. He travelled to Italy, where he met many poets including Vittoria Colonna. When he returned to Portugal, he worked for the king.

His main merit for Portuguese literature is that he introduced Italian verse forms. Sá de Miranda was the first author to write sonnets in Portugal. His best known poem is the sonnet O sol é grande, caem co'a calma as aves. It was translated into English by John Adamson in Lusitania illustrata.

References

Bibliography 
 Aubrey F.G. Bell, Studies in Portuguese literature, B.H. Blackwell, Oxford 1914.
 

1481 births
1558 deaths
Portuguese poets
Renaissance
People from Coimbra
Alicia Machado (born December 6, 1976) is a Venezuelan-born American beauty pageant winner, singer and actress. She was Miss Universe 1996. She was the fourth woman from Venezuela to win the Miss Universe.

Before she was Miss Universe 1996, she was Miss Venezuela 1995.

In 2016, Machado became a United States citizen. Also in 2016, Machado spoke out against Donald Trump. She said that he had called her "Miss Piggy" because of her weight during her year as Miss Universe. She said that Trump also called her "Miss Housekeeping" because she was Latina.

References 

Venezuelan models
American models
Miss Universe winners
1976 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
A religious order is a group of people who live in some way set apart from others, in accordance with their specific religious devotion. Their principles are usually created from their founder's religious practice.  The order may comprise initiates (laity) and, in some traditions, ordained clergy. Religious orders exist in many of the world's religions. Many orders operate monasteries.

Religious organizations
Gregorio Ballesteros Honasan II, better known as Gringo Honasan, is a retired Philippine Army officer. He led an unsuccessful coups d'état against President Corazon Aquino. He played a key role in the 1986 People Power Revolution that ended the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos.

President Fidel Ramos granted Honasan amnesty in 1992 for his actions against President Aquino. He entered politics and became a senator. In 2016 he ran unsuccessfully for vice president of the Philippines as Jejomar Binay's running-mate.

References

1948 births
Living people
Colonels
Filipino military people
Nur Misuari, born Nurallaji Pinang Misuari, is a Moro revolutionary and politician. He is the founder and leader of the Moro National Liberation Front.

References 

1939 births
Living people
Filipino military people
Filipino politicians
The Ryder Cup is a golf tournament. It is held between the United States and Europe every 2 years. 

The tournament was first held in 1927. The current venue is Hazeltine National Golf Club in Minnesota, USA.

Other websites
Official page

Golf tournaments
1927 establishments in the United States
1927 establishments in Europe
The Hazeltine National Golf Club is a golf club in Minnesota, USA. Guests are not allowed in unless accompanied by a member and it is a Championship Golf Club. It is named after Lake Hazeltine.  It is a championship golf club.

Golf
Buildings and structures in Minnesota
Sports organizations of the United States
Gali can refer to:

 Gali, a Georgia town
 a Toa of Bionicle storyline
An independent video game or indie game is a game made without money from a publisher. They often rely on digital distribution, some indie games have become very successful like Minecraft.

Overview 
Indie game has no true definition, but has certain features, they are often made by one person or a small team, often smaller than mainstream titles, often not getting money from a publisher. But being without a publisher means that they have no-one telling them what they can and can't do, giving them much more freedom to make a game they want to make. But making a Indie game does not mean they have no publisher. Indie game developers often go to crowd-funding sites to help fund the game, but often make very little profit.

History 
Indie games started on PCs where it currently remains. Indie games become popular as shareware. But as better technologies came out people began to expect more from these small teams, indie games have seen a huge rise in the later half of the 2000s.

References
References

Other websites 
The Creativity of Indie Video Games

Video games
Oscar Stanton De Priest was an American Republican politician and civil rights advocate. He served as a U.S. Representative from the state of Illinois. During his three terms, he was the only African American serving in Congress.

De Priest proposed a law barring discrimination in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was program of the New Deal to employ people across the country in building infrastructure. His proposal was made a law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

In 1929, De Priest made national news. First Lady Lou Hoover invited his wife, Jessie, to a traditional tea for congressional wives at the White House. In reaction several newspapers published a racist poem called Niggers in the White House. The poem was first published when Booker T. Washington dined with President Theodore Roosevelt.

References
References

1871 births
1951 deaths
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
United States representatives from Illinois
Politicians from Alabama
African American politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Florence, Alabama
Pinus pinaster, also known as the maritime pine, cluster pine, or pinaster pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region.

Names
Common names in some other languages are: 
 , Pin des landes, Pinastre
 
 
 , Pino resinero

Description
The maritime pine is a large tree tree, that grows up to  tall with an average trunk diameter of up to . The bark is orange-red and thick, but thinner in the upper parts of the tree.

The leaves ('needles') are in pairs, broad and  long, and bluish-green to yellowish-green.

The maritime pine is monoecious with separate male an female flowers but on the same plant, in cones. The seeds are  long, with a  wing. Seeds are spread by the wind.

Taxonomy
Pinus pinaster was described by William Aiton, a Botanist from Scotland, in 1789.
There are three subspecies of Pinus pinaster Aiton: 
 P. pinaster subsp. pinaster, the typical subspecies, is found in France, Spain and Portugal.
 Pinus pinaster subsp. escarena (Risso) K. Richt found on the western Mediterranean coast, mainly in Spain.
 P. pinaster subsp. renoui (Villar) Maire is found on the African Mediterranean coast, mainly in Morocco, in the Atlas Mountains.

Where it grows
The maritime pine is native to the southwest and southern Europe, North Africa in Morocco, and along the border between Algeria and Tunisia. It is mainly a pine of low, coastal plains, usually on sandy soils of sea shore dunes; however, in Morocco this species can grow in mountains to an elevation of near .

It has been introduced into regions with a similar Mediterranean climate.
The species is regarded as a highly invasive species. A large production of seeds that are spread by the wind and rapid growth rate all contribute to its ability to invade native habitats, which suffer a loss of species diversity. The maritime pine is reported to be an aggressive colonizer in Chile, Uruguay, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa

Uses
The maritime pine is widely planted for timber in its native area. It is one of the most important trees in forestry in France, Spain and Portugal. The pine forest in Landes in southwest France is the largest man-made maritime pine forest in Europe. The resin is also a source of turpentine and rosin.

As well as industrial uses, maritime pine is also a popular ornamental tree, planted in parks and gardens in areas with warm temperate climates.

It is also used as a source of flavonoids, catechins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids.

Gallery

References

Conifers
Littau was a municipality in Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2010, the former municipality of Littau merged into the city of Lucerne.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Lucerne
Malters is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Nevinnomyssk () is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia. It is occupies both bank (geography)s of the Kuban River at its confluence with the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River,  south of Stavropol. Population: 132,141 (2002 Census); 92,000 (1973); 40,000 (1959).

References 

Cities and towns in Stavropol Krai
Giuseppe Natoli Gongora di Scaliti (9 June 1815 – 25 September 1867) was an Italian lawyer and politician from the Mediterranean island of Sicily. He was Minister of Agriculture under Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, in the first government of the Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1861.

1815 births
1867 deaths
Italian politicians
Italian lawyers
A startup company (startup or start-up) is a new and fast-growing company. They try to meet a marketplace need, offering an innovative product, process or service.

A start-up is usually a small business, a partnership or an organization. Rapid growth is what they aim for. Often, startup companies use the internet, e-commerce, computers, and telecommunications.

The term became fashionable in the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s, when a great number of internet-based companies were formed.

References 

Companies
Meggen is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website of Meggen 

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Meierskappel is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Root is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Schwarzenberg is a municipality in the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Udligenswil is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Udligenswil 

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Mount & Blade II: Bannerlord is an upcoming medieval action role-playing game made by TaleWorlds Entertainment. The game was announced in 2012. It is a sequel to Mount & Blade: Warband.

Plot

Setting 
The game is set 200 years before Mount & Blade: Warband. It takes place during the decline of the Calradian Empire and the making of the kingdoms in Mount & Blade: Warband. The look of the armour, Weapons and buildings will draw from 600 to 1100 A.D.

Factions 
Bannerlord will have six main factions, each with they own clans who have different goals, as well as smaller factions.

Development 
In September 2012, Taleworlds announced the game was in the making and released the trailer.

The game's graphics have been heavily upgraded, the animations have also been upgraded. There are also some new Gameplay features like better inventory system and better artificial intelligence. The current game and features were shown during 2015 Gamescom. In March 2016 40 minutes of gameplay was shown to PC gamer.

References
References

Other websites

2022 video games
Windows games
José María Canlás Sison  (February 8, 1939 – December 16, 2022) is a writer and activist. He founded the Communist Party of the Philippines.

Sison was arrested during the Ferdinand Marcos presidency. He was imprisoned for almost 9 years. Corazón Aquino released him from prison. Sison went into exile in the Netherlands.

His experience in prison was described in Prison & Beyond, a book of poetry released in 1986. It won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Philippines.
On December 16, 2022, the Communist Party of the Philippines alongside its news organ Ang Bayan announced the death of Jose Maria Sison after two weeks of confinement in a hospital in Utrecht, Netherlands.

References

1939 births
2022 deaths
Filipino writers
Filipino activists
Communists
Atheists
Mengistu Haile Mariam (born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian politician. He was an important officer in the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987. He was President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991.

Mariam was a dictator. It is estimated that he was responsible for 500,000 to over 2,000,000 deaths. In May 1991 Mariam left the country for Zimbabwe. The Ethiopian Civil War ended when he left.

In 2010, Mengistu announced the publication of its memoirs. In early 2012, a manuscript of the memoir, titled Tiglachin ("Our Struggle" in Amharic), was leaked on the Internet. A few months later, the first volume leaked was published in the United States and in 2016, the second volume followed. This time it was published in Ethiopia. Mengistu accused the ERP remains of having published the first volume to sabotage its publication.

References

1937 births
Living people
Presidents of Ethiopia
Former dictators
Communists
Balthazar Johannes Vorster was a South African politician. He served as the Prime Minister of South Africa and State President of South Africa. He is commonly known as John Vorster.

Vorster believed in apartheid. He was part of a group who sentenced Nelson Mandela to life imprisonment.

References

1915 births
1983 deaths
Afrikaner people
People associated with Apartheid
Calvinists
State Presidents of South Africa
Prime Ministers of South Africa
Vitznau is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

It occupies a narrow strip between the lake and the Rigi looming behind; one of the mountain railways to the summit starts in Vitznau.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Weggis is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

It is on the northern shore of Lake Lucerne.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Weggis 
 Weggis.net (unofficial)

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Sursee is a district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital is the town of Sursee.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Beromünster
 Büron
 Buttisholz
 Eich
 Geuensee
 Grosswangen
 Gunzwil
 Hildisrieden
 Knutwil
 Mauensee
 Neudorf
 Neuenkirch
 Nottwil
 Oberkirch
 Pfeffikon
 Rickenbach
 Ruswil
 Schenkon
 Schlierbach
 Sempach
 Sursee
 Triengen
 Winikon
 Wolhusen
Beromünster is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

History
Since 2004, Schwarzenbach part of the municipality.

On 1 January 2009 Gunzwil became part of Beromünster.

On 1 January 2013 the Neudorf became part of Beromünster.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Sursee
Cities in Switzerland
Büron is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Sursee
Buttisholz is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Villages 
 Gattwil
 Guglern
 Luternau
 St. Ottilien
 Soppensee

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Sursee
Eich is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the Swiss canton of Lucerne.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Sursee
Geuensee is a municipality of the district Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Sursee
Grosswangen is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Sursee
Gunzwil was a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

In 2009, it became part of the municipality of Beromünster.

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Hildisrieden is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Sursee
Knutwil is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Sursee
Mauensee is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Lake Mauensee is in the municipality

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Sursee
Cachapoal Province () is one of three provinces of the central Chilean region of Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins (VI). Its capital is the city of Rancagua.

The province is named after the Cachapoal river that flows through the province from east to west.

Geography
The Cachapoal province has an area of , the largest province in the O'Higgins region.

Cachapoal is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered to the north by the Santiago Metropolitan region, to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Colchagua province and to the west by the Cardenal Caro province.

Most of the province is in the valley of the Cachapoal river; it is region where grapes are grown to produce wine.

Population
The people from the province are called Cachapoalino (women: Cachapoalina).

 (last national census), there were 542,901 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The largest city of the province is Rancagua, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 206,971 inhabitants, followed by the city of Rengo (30,891 inhabitants).

Administration
As a province, Cachapoal is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 17 communes (comunas). The city of Rancagua serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de O'Higgins Official website 
 Province of Cachapoal website 

Provinces of Chile
O'Higgins Region‎
A hair tie, also known as a ponytail holder, or hair band, is an accessory used to hold back long hair, particularly away from areas such as the face. This is usually done as part of a hairstyle, such as pigtails, ponytails, or afro puffs.

Hair tie's elasticity and durability varies according to the material or materials from which they are made.  Most hair ties are made of elastic, wool, rubber, or stretchy cotton. A specific type of hair tie is known as a scrunchie. Scrunchies are hair ties that are covered with fabric. 

Headgear
Wrath of the Titans is a 2012 American-British-Spanish fantasy-adventure film directed by Jonathan Liebesman. It is a sequel to Clash of the Titans, and stars Sam Worthington, Liam Neeson, Rosamund Pike, Ralph Fiennes, Édgar Ramírez, Toby Kebell and Bill Nighy. The film takes place ten years after the events of the first film and involves Perseus battling to save Zeus-who is being held captive in the Underworld-as well as defeat the Titans (who have broken free from Tartarus thanks to the gods losing control of them while their immortality is draining) and save mankind. Like its predecessor it gained poor critical reviews, but was commercially successful. A sequel called Revenge of the Titans was in production but later scrapped.
Plot
Ten years after battling the Kraken, Perseus (Sam Worthington) lives a simple life as a widower fisherman raising his son Helius (John Bell). Zeus (Liam Neeson) visits Perseus, asking for help, revealing that Kronos, the leader of the Titans, is escaping from the Underworld and the walls of Tartarus-where the Titans are imprisoned-are crumbling thanks to humanity's lack of prayers which is also causing the gods' immortality to drain. Perseus declines, valuing his family's safety.

Zeus travels to the underworld where he meets his brothers Hades (Ralph Fiennes) and Poseidon (Danny Huston) and son Ares (Édgar Ramírez). He asks for Hades' help in rebuilding the walls of Tartarus, but he rejects the offer and attacks Zeus. Ares betrays his father, imprisons him and steals his thunderbolt. Hades and Ares plan to make a deal with Kronos: they will drain Zeus's divine power to revive him in exchange for remaining immortal. The walls of Tartarus crumble and the Titans are unleashed.
After battling a chimera which attacked his village, Perseus travels to the underworld to meet Zeus. He instead discovers Poseidon, who is severely wounded and, after informing of the circumstances, tells Perseus  to find his demigod son Agenor (Toby Kebbell), who will lead him to the blacksmith god Hephaestus (Bill Nighy). Poseidon gives Perseus his trident and dies of his injuries, crumbling into dust.

Perseus, Andromeda (Rosamund Pike) and Agenor travel to a hidden island to find Hephaestus. Agenor explains that Hephaestus the weapons that Zeus, Poseidon and Hades use; the thunderbolt, trident and pitchfork and these weapons can form the Spear of Trium, which can destroy Kronos.

References 

2012 movies
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
Warner Bros. movies
Gurnard may refer to:

Fish
 Gurnard, a fish of the family Triglidae.

Other
Gurnard, Isle of Wight, a village on the Isle of Wight in the British Isles, on
Gurnard Bay
USS Gurnard (SS-254), a United States Navy submarine of the Gato class
USS Gurnard (SSN-662), a United States Navy nuclear fast attack submarine of the Sturgeon Class
Short Gurnard, a fighter biplane
International Operations
Macy's has fully retreated from Asia and China after it announced plans to close down its online retail store on Alibaba's Tmall marketplace except for the Arabic-speaking Middle East region.

Latin America
 (October 26, 2000 - present)

References 

Department stores
Cincinnati
1858 establishments in the United States
Companies based in New York City
Scotland is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, in the United States. In 2020, 1,576 people lived there.  Scotland is a rural town. It has many farms. The town has the fewest people in the county.

References

Other websites

Towns in Connecticut
1857 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Connecticut