Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The turtle ship was a type of warship built in Korea. It was used by the Koreans during the Japanese invasion of Korea in the 16th century. It was used to defeat the Japanese Navy. Because it looked like a turtle, it has been called turtle ship.

Shape

Outside 
It has a dragon-shaped head, which can fire cannons through its mouth. Its tail can also fire artillery. Turtle ships have 12 cannons on each side. In total there are 24 cannons. As lots of iron nails are stuck in its back, nobody can approach it easily. Moreover, people who are in turtle ships can see the outside, while exterior people cannot look into it.
Inside 
Its inside is divided into two floors, one of which is the place where cannons are and the other is where people can row. There are twenty four rooms. Nineteen of them are where soldiers can take a rest. Other three of them are where some weapons, such as swords, arrows and spears, are. In the other three rooms, iron goods can be stored. On the bottom, there is a huge water tank, which can make float and sink.

Scale 
At first, turtle ships were small warships which can hold about 100~150 soldiers. However, after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, it expanded from a two-storied warship to a three-storied one and its hull is longer.

Performance

Offensive Disposition 
It has several cannons from front to back and side to side, including a dragon-shaped head. Therefore, it take an important role in breaking through the enemy lines at the head of fleets. In addition, it is assumed that iron nails stuck in its back might hit and sink enemy ships with the water tank fulled.
Defensive Disposition 
Because it has iron nails and wooden boxes covered with swords in the back, it is distinguished in warding off attacks against enemies.

Maneuverability 
It has ten paddles in each side, and four rowers are arranged to one paddle. As its bottom is flat-shaped, it's really easy to maneuver in large tidal ranges, such as The West Sea and The South Sea of Korean Peninsula. It's also possible to do a half-turn in the middle of moving. For these reasons, it's useful in using various techniques of maneuver.

References 

 http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?gs=ws&gd=&cd=&d=&k=&inqr=&indme=&p=1&q=%B0%C5%BA%CF%BC%B1&masterno=7510&contentno=7510
 http://www.gbsun.com/index_151.htm

Korea
Warships
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the acute infectious diseases (highly contagious disease) of animals. Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes the disease which can infect domestic animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and deer. Generally, it is believed that FMD is not very contagious to humans. However, humans can spread FMD by carrying the virus on their clothes and body. FMD breaks out all over the globe, because it is highly contagious to many animals. The earliest description of FMD was that by Hieronymi Fracastorii (1546). He described the disease, as being unusual and affecting only cattle, when it occurred in northern Italy in 1514.

Where FMD Occurs
While the disease is widespread around the world, North America, Central America, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Chile, and many countries in Europe are considered free of FMD. Various types of FMD virus have been found in Africa, South America, Asia, and some parts of Europe.
Symptoms
The most obvious signs of Foot and Mouth Disease are excessive slobbering (letting liquid fall from their mouth), a lack of appetite and lameness (unable to walk properly because of damage to one or both of their legs). Affected animals may experience a sudden rise in temperature, sores in the mouth or other areas.

Signs of Foot and Mouth in cattle
 Slobbering and smacking lips 
 Shivering 
 Tender and sore feet 
 Reduced milk yield 
 Sores and blisters on feet 
 Raised temperature

Signs of Foot and Mouth in pigs 
 Sudden lameness 
 Prefers to lie down 
 Sore on the upper edge of the hoof, where the skin and horn meet, and on the heels

Causes
FMD is caused by a virus. Signs of illness can appear after an incubation period (the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease appear) of one to eight days, but often develop within three days. Immunity to one type does not protect an animal against other types.

References
References

Other websites
 http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/BRMForProducers/English/FADs/FMD_checklist.pdf
 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/fs_foot_mouth_disease07.pdf 
 http://www.fmdinfo.org/uDocs/pdfofbookforweb767.pdf 
 http://www.fwi.co.uk/Articles/2007/09/12/105713/Foot-and-Mouth-Symptoms.htm
 http://www2.asg.wur.nl/UK/products/Vaccines_and.../FMD/FMDHistory/
 http://www.rmla.com/FMD.htm 
 http://www.sunflower-health.com/fmd220803/fmdoutbreaks.htm

Diseases caused by viruses
Animal diseases
Daejeon () is a city in South Korea It is in the middle of the southern Korean peninsula. Daejeon means "a grand field".

Its official name is “Daejeon metropolitan city”. The population in Daejeon is around 1,480,000 people. There are 5 districts (, Gu) in the city.

Daejeon started as a small village called Hanbat. Daejeon started to grow into a large city during the Japanese occupation period. Since the location of Daejeon is near to Seoul, the Ho-Nam train was opened in 1914. In 1949, Daejeon was no longer a part of Chungcheong province. It became an independent metropolitan city. It has the same role as a province.

Today, the city is important as a local self-governing city in Korea. As the population of the city grew, the first subway station in Daejeon was opened in 2006. The formal president Noh Mu Hyun once planned to move some of the public administration buildings in Seoul to Daejeon.
Daejeon is seen as a city of science and technology. It has Daedeock science research town, National Science Museum. It was built to support scientists and researchers in Daejeon. In 1993, the city held the Daejeon Expo Festival.

Daejeon attractions include the O-world, the Expo Science Park, Hanbat Arboretum, Roots Park, Gyejoksan Hwangtogil , Daecheong, Jangtaesan recreational forest, Mountain pass around Daejeon, Daejeon Culture and Arts Center, Dongchundang, Euneungjeonge Culture Street,  Famous people from Daejeon are Park Se Ri, a world famous golfer, and celebrities such as Kwon Sang Woo and Park Hae Mi.

Cities in South Korea
The Haeundae Beach is at the southeast end of the city of Busan which is in South Korea. Along the 12 km of coastline is Busan's most popular beach, and one of the most famous beaches in South Korea. "Haeundae" was so named by scholar Choi Chi-Won (857~?) of the Silla Dynasty (BC 57~AD 935). When he was walking past Dongbaekdo Island, he was fascinated by it and carved the words "Hae Un Dae" on a stone wall on the island. Haeundae is 1.5 km long, 30~50m wide, and spans an area of 58,400㎡. The white sand is rough and is rather sticky. The sand of this beach is composed of sand that comes from Chuncheon Stream and shells that have been naturally eroded by the wind over time.
Haeundae's geographical assets, along with its tourist facilities, have led to a regular role as one of the host venues for the annual Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF).  The 2005 APEC Conference was held on Haeundae's Dongbeak Island. Haeundae is one of the most popular spots in Busan to view the first sunrise of the year on January 1. Also, one of the most famous beach events happens in the first week of January when the temperature is around 0°C, the "Polar Bear Club", held by Choseon Beach Hotel since 1988. 

Dongbaek Island, at the south end of the beach, has a view of the sea by car and its coastline is famous for fishing. Oryuk Islets, a symbol of Busan to many Koreans, can be seen in the distance from Dongbaek Island. During the hot summer months, Haeundae beach becomes very crowded with thousands of people and parasols. People visit the beach from all over South Korea, as well as outside of Korea.

Busan
A mattress is a mat or pad, usually placed on top of a bed, where somebody sleeps or lies on. It usually contains compliant things such as feathers, cotton and foam rubber. Many have springs inside.

The word mattress came from Arabic words meaning "to throw" and "place where something is thrown" or "mat, cushion." During the Crusades, Europeans slept on cushions thrown on the floor, and the word materas eventually became Middle English through the Romance languages.

History 
The earliest known form of a mattress dates back to approximately 77,000 years ago. It was discovered by archaeologists in a rock shelter located in Sibudu, South Africa. It was comprised of various types of grass and leaves, some of which were natural insect repellent to combat nuisances like mosquitos and other insects.
Between 3000 and 1000 BCE, other cultures in early history began to adopt elevated sleeping surfaces as humans and civilizations evolved. In ancient Egypt, these raised beds were typically made from wood for protection from snakes and rodents. Raised beds were also helpful as a way of regulating temperature and to protect against cold and heat.

Beds became simpler in the 19th century, with four-posters falling out of style. Mattresses were transformed when coil springs were introduced in the 1870s, and metal frames became more common. At the beginning of the 20th century, beds and mattresses could be mass produced for the first time, making them more accessible. As more companies began making mattresses, buying a mattress became much more about comfort and preference, which remains the case today.

References 

Furniture
Sleep
The Qin dynasty ruled in China from 221 BC to 206 BC (15 years).  It was created by the warlord Qin Shi Huang during the Warring States Period and defeated several other states in the area to unite China.  The Qin ruled China for only a very short time, during which they built both the Terracotta Army and parts of the Great Wall of China.

The second, and final emperor, Qin Er Shi, was overthrown by a popular rebellion after the first Qin emperor died.  It was followed by the Han dynasty.  The Han dynasty was founded by Liu Bang in 202 BC. The Qin Dynasty made its mark in China's history.

Other websites 

Chinese dynasties
3rd-century BC establishments
3rd-century BC disestablishments
Tanganyika is the mainland part of Tanzania. From 9 December 1961 to 26 April 1964 it was an independent state.

It was an East African territory lying between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes: Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika.

Once part of the larger colony of German East Africa (), it comprised today's Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania, but not Zanzibar.

After World War I the parts that are today's Rwanda and Burundi became a League of Nations mandate governed by Belgium. The major part, however, came under British rule and was transferred to Britain under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. This was confirmed by a League of Nations Mandate in 1922, later becoming a United Nations Trust Territory. Britain changed the name to the Tanganyika Territory.
On 9 December 1961 Tanganyika became independent as a Commonwealth Realm, and on 9 December 1962 it became the Republic of Tanganyika within the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1964, it joined with the islands of Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, later in the year changed to the United Republic of Tanzania.

Although Tanganyika still exists within Tanzania, the name is no longer used formally for the territory. It is, however, a convenient way to refer to the mainland, which is so different geographically and culturally from Zanzibar. The name Tanganyika is also used to refer to Lake Tanganyika.

References 

1960s disestablishments in Africa
Former British colonies
States and territories established in the 1960s
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
1961 establishments in Africa
1964 disestablishments
History of Tanzania
Nicola Pisano (also called Niccolò Pisano and Nicola de Apulia) (c. 1220/1225 – c. 1284) was an Italian sculptor who is best known for the works that he made for Pisa Cathedral.  At a time when most artists worked in the Gothic style, Nicola was influenced by the Ancient Roman sculpture that he saw at Pisa, and copied the style into his own work. For this reason Nicola Pisano is sometimes said to be to be the founder of modern sculpture.

Works

At Pisa
Nicola Pisano's birthdate and exact birthplace are unknown. A document in the archives of Siena Cathedral says that he was the son of Petrus de Apulia. In 1245 Nicola was making sculptures at Prato Cathedral and then moved to Pisa where his son Giovanni Pisano was born.
Around 1255, Nicola received a commission (a paid job) to make the pulpit in the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral. The baptistery was a very large circular domed building that stood near the west doors of the cathedral. Nicola was assisted (helped) by other sculptors including Arnolfo di Cambio who later became a famous architect. The work was finished in 1260 and signed "Nicola Pisanus" which means "Nicholas of Pisa".

The pulpit is hexagonal (six-sided) and is supported on six columns of coloured stone, with another column under the centre of the pulpit. Four of the columns, including the central one, rest on the backs of carved creatures. Around five sides of the pulpit are white marble panels carved with stories from the life of Jesus. They are the Annunciation (telling of Jesus' birth to Mary), the Nativity (birth of Jesus), Angels telling the Shepherds, the Adoration of the Magi (the Three Wise Men), Baby Jesus presented at the Temple, and the  Crucifixion.
At Pisa Cathedral was a large cloister (a courtyard surrounded by arches) called the Campo Santo and used as a burial place. All around the arcade in the Campo Santo were Ancient Roman "sarcopgagi" (stone coffins), that had been stolen by the navy of Pisa when they had won a battle. Many of the coffins were richly carved with scenes that told stories. The biographer Giorgio Vasari wrote that Nicola Pisano studied these sculptures before he started work on the carvings for the pulpit. Because of this, Nicola's sculpture makes a bridge between the Gothic style of the 1200s, and the Classical style used by Renaissance artists in the 1400s. 
The Baptistery of Pisa had been built by an architect called Diotisalvi, but the work was not finished. Nicola Pisano made the dome much higher, and put decoration all around it which 20 years later had sculpture added by Nicola's son Giovanni Pisano.
At Bologna and Siena  
In 1264 Nicola Pisano was aksed to work on a grand shrine in memory of St Dominic, called the Arca di San Domenico in the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna. It is believed that Nicola made the main design but many other sculptors worked on it. More than 200 years later, it was still not finished, and Michelangelo, when he was still a teenager, made three small statues for it.

In September 1265 Nicola began work on another a marble pulpit, even grander than the first, this time for Siena Cathedral.  The work took three years, and Nicola was helped by his son Giovanni Pisano and his assistants Arnolfo di Cambio, Lapo di Ricevuto and several other artists.
The pulpit is octagonal in shape and is supported on nine columns, made of granite, porphyry and green marble..
The message of this pulpit is Salvation and the Last Judgment. It has seven sculptured scenes and many small statues. Three of the scenes tell more than one story.  All the panels are crowded with figures. 
 The Visitation of Mary to her cousin Elizabeth, and the Nativity of Jesus.
 The Journey of the Magi (Three Wise Men) and Adoration of Jesus by the Magi
 The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple and the Flight into Egypt
 The Massacre of the Innocents
 The Crucifixion
 The Last Judgment with the Blessed Souls
 The Last Judgment with the Damned Souls

At Pistoia and Perugia 
In July 1273 Nicola Pisano was commissioned to make the altar in the Chapel of St James in Pistoia Cathedral. The chapel was demolished and all that remains is a basin for Holy Water, that was possibly made by Nicola.
His last main job, from 1277-78, was to make the sculpture panels to surround a very large fountain in the main square of the city of Perugia. (1277–1278). The fountain was designed by Fra Bevignate and Boninsegna. It is thought that most of the sculpture was done by his son Giovanni Pisano.  and his assistants.

Footnotes

References

Other websites 
The Life of Pisano 

1220s births
Italian sculptors
1280s deaths
Oh Se-hoon ( born 4 January 1961, Seoul, South Korea) is a South Korean politician. He became the mayor of Seoul  in 2021. He was also the mayor from 2006 to 2011.

Education
When he was young, his family was very poor. He hasa said that he would need to finish his homework before sunset This was because it was very hard for his family to use electricity. After he graduated from high school, he entered Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. He studied Law. During his second year, he moved from HUFS to Korea University. In 1984, he passed the 26th Korean bar examination.
Political career
Oh served the military as an officer soon after graduating from law school. After finishing his military service, he worked as a lawyer in Seoul for about 15 years. He appeared on television programs about law many times. That made him become very famous, so he campaigned to being a politician. In 2000, he was elected as a member of the National Assembly, belonging to Grand National Party. As a young politician, he tried to break and change the old and conservative image of Grand National Party. After completing the four years of his term as a member of the National Assembly, he went back to being a lawyer.
Though he had left the political world, he was still preferred by many people. He was even favoured as the next mayor of Seoul, because the former mayor Lee Myung-bak was running for the President. At first, he consistently denied running for the mayor of Seoul. But as he was considered the best candidate for the mayor in many polls, and as Grand National Party persuaded him to run for the mayor, he finally decided to run.

As mayor
Even before the election, he always won in many polls. As a result, he got over 60% in the 2006 election and became the mayor of Seoul easily. In this election, he promised to remove Dongdaemun Stadium, redevelop about 50 towns, encourage people to learn English, and change diesel buses to natural-gas buses.
In 2010, he tried to be re-elected as mayor. He was expected to easily defeat other candidates again. But in the vote counting, he was about to lose. The gap between him and the second candidate, Han Myeong-sook was just about 0.6%.  He decided to quit after winning the election.

He was criticized because in his last 5 years in office the debt of Seoul tripled.

References

1961 births
Living people
South Korean lawyers
Mayors of Seoul
Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. (HDEC) was founded by Chung Ju-young in 1947 as the name of Hyundai Civil Works Company and a major company of the Hyundai Group. 
The company completed restoration of Han River Pedestrian Bridge in 1958 and Seoul-Busan Expressway the main artery of Korean economy in 1970. 
HECD became the first Korean construction company entered overseas market among through the winning order for Pattani Narathiwat highway project in Thailand in 1965. 
The company was separated from the Hyundai Group and under the creditor’s management in 2001, as a liquidity crisis. Hyundai Group and Hyundai Motor Group took bid war though eventually Hyundai Group was named the preferred bidder for HDEC in 16th Nov 2010. 

The Head Office is in Key-dong, Chongro-ku, Seoul, Korea. The company has overseas branch offices in 14 countries including U.A.E.
The company has owned 7 subsidiary company which are Hyundai Engineering Co., Ltd., Hyundai Equipment & Steel Industries, Hyundai Design, Hyundai Farm, Hyundai CNI, Hyundai Hillstate and Hyundai Education. 

The company largely has 5 business fields which are Plant Construction, Power Plant Construction, Civil Works, Building Works and Nuclear Power Plants.

Companies of South Korea
1947 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in South Korea
Edward William Tucker (born May 7, 1949 in Fort William, Ontario), is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey  goaltender who briefly played for the California Golden Seals of the National Hockey League.

Career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

Other websites

1949 births
California Golden Seals players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from Ontario
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Eastern Hockey League players
Anne Marie d'Orléans (27 August 1669 - 26 August 1728) was a niece of Louis XIV and was the wife of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia. She was the mother-in-law of Philip V of Spain and the Dauphin of France. She was known as Anna Maria in her husbands kingdom.

Youth
She was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud. Her mother died when she was ten months old. A year later, her father remarried Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. Her half-brother Philippe d'Orléans, the future Regent of France. Her stepmother described her as one of the most amiable and virtuous of women.

Marriage
Marriage

Anne Marie d'Orléans' proxy marriage to Víctor Amadeus II took place at Versailles on 10 April 1684. Louis XIV gave her a dowry of 900,000 livres. She met her husband at Chambéry the following 6 May which were followed by another wedding ceremony. She was the mother of eight children. Anne Marie loved her husband greatly but he soon turned his attentions to his mistresses, one being the famous Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes. Anne Marie's eldest child, Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, was sent to Versailles as a young girl in order to learn her future role as queen of France, but she died in 1712. Her husband had two further children with Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes, his mistress from 1689 till 1700. Nonetheless, when he fell ill with smallpox, she nursed him until his recovery.
In November 1701, her third daughter, Maria Luisa, then barely thirteen years old, married Philip V of Spain. In 1706, during the siege of Turin by French forces under the command of her half-brother Philippe d'Orléans, and Spanish forces from her cousin Philip V of Spain, she and her sons, Victor Amadeus and Carlo Emanuele, were forced to flee the city.

Queen consort
Queen consort

As a result of his aid in the War of the Spanish Succession Victor Amadeus II was made King of Sicily in 1713 under the Treaty of Utrecht which ended the war. However Victor Amadeus II was forced to exchange Sicily for the less important kingdom of Sardinia in 1720. As queen, Anne Marie used the Royal Palace of Turin as well as the Villa della Regina which was her own property. Queen Anne Marie died of heart failure at her villa on 26 August 1728, the day before her 59th birthday. She is today buried at the Basilica of Superga in Turin being moved there in 1786 by her son Victor Amadeus III. Her husband, Víctor Amadeus II, abdicated in favour of his son in 1730, and died two years later having married a commoner.

Jacobite succession
From 1714 to 1720, Anne Marie d'Orléans was the heiress presumptive to the Jacobite claim to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. These claims were held at the time by James Francis Edward Stuart (son of James II) upon the death of his half-sister, Queen Anne. Anne Marie was displaced as his heir by the birth of the Old Pretender's son, Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") in  December 1720. Through Anne Marie descend the current post-Stuart legitimist claims of the Jacobites to the English and Scottish thrones.

Issue
Issue

Marie Adelaide of Savoy (1685-1712) married Louis, Duke of Burgundy and was the mother of Louis XV of France.
Maria Anna of Savoy (1687-1690) died in infancy.
Maria Luisa of Savoy (1688-1714) married Philip V of Spain and had issue,
Stillborn daughter (1691).
Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont (1699-1715) died unmarried.
Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (1701-1773) married Anne Christine of Sulzbach and had issue, married Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg and had issue, married Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine and had issue.
Emanuele Philibert of Savoy (1705-1705) Duke of Chablais died in infancy.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

27 August 1669 – 30 August 1679: Her Royal Highness Mademoiselle de Valois
30 August 1679 – 10 April 1684: Her Royal Highness Mademoiselle
10 April 1684 – 22 September 1713: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Savoy
22 September 1713 – 24 August 1720: Her Majesty The Queen of Sicily
24 August 1720 – 26 August 1728: Her Majesty The Queen of Sardinia

Other websites
Other websites

1669 births
1728 deaths
People from Saint-Cloud
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
House of Savoy
House of Orléans
House of Bourbon
Deaths from heart failure
French royalty
Burials at the Basilica of Superga
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy (6 December 1685 – 12 February 1712) was born a Princess of Savoy and was the wife of Louis, Duke of Burgundy. She was the eldest daughter of Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy and of Anne Marie d'Orléans. She died of measles in 1712, followed by her husband a week later. She was the mother of Louis XV.

Early life and background 

She was born in Turin in December 1685 the eldest daughter of Victor Amadeus II. Her mother was Anne Marie d'Orléans, a niece of Louis XIV, and the daughter of Philippe, Duke of Orléans and of Henrietta of England. Her birth nearly cost her sixteen-year-old mother her life. Marie Adélaïde enjoyed a close relationship with her grandmother.
Marriage
She was engaged to Louis, Duke of Burgundy, Dauphin of France whom she died not marry till 6 December 1697 despite living at Versailles for a year. She became known in France as Marie Adélaïde de Savoie. She was styled the Duchess of Burgundy till her husband became Dauphin in 1711 at the death of Louis, Grand Dauphin. The new Duchess of Burgundy had a close relationship with the king and with Madame de Maintenon. In early April 1711, her father-in-law Le Grand Dauphin caught smallpox and died in April. Upon the death of Le Grand Dauphin, Marie Adélaïde's husband became Dauphin of France and she Dauphine of France. The court went to Fontainebleau where Marie Adélaïde caught a fever which became in measles. She died of measles soon after. Her husband who mourned her greatly died six days later, having caught the measles from his wife. They were bother buried at the Basilica of Saint Denis. Her granddaughter Marie Adélaïde was named after her.

Children
Children

Louis of France, Duke of Brittany (25 June 1704 – 13 April 1705) died of convulsions;
Louis of France, Duke of Brittany (8 January 1707 – 8 March 1712) died of measles;
Louis XV of France (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774) first engaged to Mariana Victoria of Spain; married Marie Leszczyńska and had issue; died of smallpox.

1685 births
1712 deaths
House of Bourbon
Infectious disease deaths in France
People from Turin
Dauphins and Dauphines of France
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Burials at the Basilica of St Denis
Henrietta of England (16 June 1644 (26 June n.s.) – 30 June 1670) was born a Princess of England and Scotland as the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England and his consort Henrietta Maria of France. Fleeing England with her governess aged three, she moved to the court of her first cousin Louis XIV of France. She was known as Minette. She married Philippe of France, Monsieur, brother of King Louis XIV, and became known as Madame at court. Very popular with the court, Henriette was known for her flirtatious nature which was the cause of various arguments between husband and wife. Louise de La Vallière and Madame de Montespan were part of her household prior to being Louis XIV's mistresses. Henriette was instrumental to the completion of the Secret Treaty of Dover prior to her unexpected death in June 1670
. The reason for her death has never been conclusively determined; while some argue that it was by poison administered by her husband's lover the Chevalier de Lorraine, historians have also argued that she was felled by a perforated peptic ulcer.
Issue
Marie Louise d'Orléans (26 March 1662 – 12 February 1689) married Charles II of Spain, no issue.
Philippe Charles d'Orléans, Duke of Valois (16 July 1664 – 8 December 1666).
Stillborn daughter (9 July 1665).
Anne Marie d'Orléans (27 August 1669 – 26 August 1728) married Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (future king of Sardinia) and had issue.

Titles and styles

16 June 1644 – 31 March 1661: Her Royal Highness Princess Henrietta of England
31 March 1661 – 30 June 1670: Her Royal Highness Madame, Duchess of Orléans (Granddaughter of France)

References

Bibliography
Barker, Nancy Nichols: Brother to the Sun King; Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore/London, 1989

1644 births
1670 deaths
House of Stuart
House of Orléans
Burials at the Basilica of St Denis
House of Bourbon
French royalty
French princesses
Dukes and Duchesses of Orléans
Jacobitism
John Matthew Adams (born July 27, 1946) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender in the National Hockey League. He was born in Port Arthur, Ontario.

Career statistics

References 

1946 births
Boston Braves (AHL) players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Washington Capitals players
American Hockey League players
Stephen Black (March 31, 1927 – June 12, 2008) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player from Thunder Bay, Ontario in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Junior career
Steve Black played five years for the Port Arthur Flyers of the TBJHL making two trips to the Memorial Cup Tournament before joining the PCHL.

Professional career
In 1946 Black joined the Oakland Seals of the PCHL and showed enough talent to move up to the AHL the following season. After two years in the minors, he joined the Detroit Red Wings. The Detroit Red Wings already had a lot of good players, including Gordie Howe, Ted Lindsay, and Sid Abel. Black won the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings in 1950. He moved to the Chicago Black Hawks in 1951. He played 39 times for the Chicago Red Wings before leaving the NHL. He played in the minor leagues for three more seasons before retiring from hockey in 1954.

Awards and achievements
1950 Stanley Cup Championship  (Detroit)
1950 NHL All Star  (Detroit)

Career statistics
Career statistics

Trivia
With the Detroit Red Wings, Black wore the #19 jersey which would decades later be worn by Steve Yzerman. Black wore the #17 jersey with the Chicago Black Hawks.

Other websites

Steve Black's Day with the Stanley Cup 

1927 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Indianapolis Capitals players
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Stanley Cup champions
St. Louis Flyers players
Bob Ash (born September 29, 1943) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. During his career he played 200 games in the World Hockey Association with the Winnipeg Jets and Indianapolis Racers.

Awards and achievements
MJHL First All-Star Team  (1964)
Turnbull Cup MJHL Championship (1962, 1963, & 1964)

Other websites

1943 births
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Providence Reds players
World Hockey Association players
Central Professional Hockey League players
John Nicolas Borotsik (November 26, 1949 – June 8, 2018) was a Canadian ice hockey centre. He played in the NHL for the St. Louis Blues.

References

Other websites

1949 births
2018 deaths
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
St. Louis Blues players
Data ( ), is a fictional character in the American Science fiction television show Star Trek played by actor Brent Spiner.  Data, who is a cyborg, is a main character in the Star Trek series Star Trek: The Next Generation and in four movies; Star Trek Generations, Star Trek: First Contact, Star Trek: Insurrection, and Star Trek Nemesis.

References

Data Movies/ TV Shows 
TV Shows

Movies

Star Trek: The Next Generation characters

de:Figuren im Star-Trek-Universum#Lieutenant Commander Data
I Ching (易经), also known as the Book of Changes, is one of the oldest of the Chinese classic texts, it is used mainly for divination (fortunetelling).

Historical Background
The text was mainly written during the early Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-771 BC). Before Zhou Dynasty, there was Shang Dynasty (1600 BC - 1046 BC). Shang Dynasty's main cultural characteristics are its divination and character (old Chinese character). We cannot say which one was first, but it is supposed that characters were made from certain need while doing divination. During Shang Dynasty, divination was done by burning animal's bone or tortoise shell. Zhou Dynasty made Shang cease to exist, but it accepted Shang's culture. In early age of Zhou Dynasty, a new way of divination appeared which was put into writing. It was advanced form of Shang Dynasty's divination, and finally, it took place instead of Shang's divination.
The Contents of I Ching
The contents of I Ching consist of 64 hexagrams and explanation for each. Hexagram is a group of six broken or unbroken lines. The broken line (the line where the middle part is missing) represents yang, and the unbroken line represents yin. From the bottom to top, six lines are gathered in parallel. There exists one different name for one hexagram. In I Ching, the name of one hexagram and the hexagram itself comes first, and after those, there are different explanations for the hexagram and the each line consisting hexagram, from bottom to top. There comes next hexagram after explanations of all lines of one hexagram.

Tools For I Ching Divination
The typical divination using I Ching needs the number of fifty thin sticks usually made from bamboo. Using those sticks with certain order, the person who wants to know the result draws hexagram and finds the explanation in the book. To make process simpler, some people use coin to know the result.
Philosophical Elements
In I Ching, the word 'Heaven'(or sky; it corresponds to the Chinese character '天') is considered as same as God or the absolute being with humane character, who decides the good and evil and makes judgements. For example, the explanation of 26th hexagram (大畜 dà chù) is "the Heaven's bliss is given, therefore, lucky."

Also, there is the idea of constantly changing world, as the explanation of 11th hexagram (泰 tài) tells, "Everything flat will be inclined, and everything gone will be come back." Similarly, the idea of endlessness can also be found. The literal meaning of 63rd hexagram (既濟 jì jì) is "already (既) finished (濟)", but the last hexagram, which is the 64th (未濟 wèi jì), means "not (未) finished (濟)" literally. This means the process of whole world and life is endless and never stops.

References

Occult
Dooly the Little Dinosaur () is Korean animated movie and television series for children. It was made by cartoonist Kim Su Jeong. It was initially a cartoon work serially published in cartoon magazine "Bomulsom(Treasuer Island)" from 1983 to 1993 and was made into animation later on. It depicts episodes that Dooly and his friends make cute troubles and travel many places. They face many great and small events and cope with them using Dooly's supernatural power and Douner's time cosmos(a sort of time machine).

This animation made a great success in Korea. The TV series recorded very high ratings and the movie version drew audiences totalling 3.5 billion people. Dooly received an honorary citizenship from the city of Bucheon.

Characters
Characters 

Dooly
A baby Ceratosaurus. He was kidnapped by aliens, who conducted experiments with him and granted supernatural powers to him in return. He had been stuck in iceberg for the next 10 million years before he came to present Seoul. He does not know how to use the magical powers deliberately but in times of danger he somehow manages to use the power. The word "Hoi Hoi", which he yells when he use super powers, is kind of a trade mark of him.
He is kind but very mischievous, and he always make troubles and play elf with Go Gil Dong, in whose house he lives. Go Gil Dong hates Dooly, but his wife Park Jeong Ja take Dooly's side because he take good care of Hee Dong, their baby.
Douner
An alien from planet Kantapia. He has a violin time cosmos which enables space travel and time travel and He also exercise supernatural powers to some extent saying "kantapia". He was traveling through space when the time cosmos broke down and could not go back to her home. Because He thinks Dooly, who He saw first on the earth, as the typical earth creature, he regards human being as pets. 

Ddochi
An ostrich from Africa. She escaped from a circus because the life in a circus was tough. She can do some tricks like dancing, riding a bicycle, acrobatic feats, and dish-turning but is not very good at them. She acts like she is so pretty like a princess but her soles are always black with dirts. She quarrels with douner at times.
Go Gil Dong
He was an ordinary father in a family but come to suffer troubles everyday since Dooly came to his house. He always try to kick Dooly and his friends from his house, in vain. So he really hates Dooly but always give a meal to him. However, he is kind as he lets 3 homeless people/animals. 

Hee Dong
Gil Dong's niece. His parents went to study abroad, so Gil Dong and his wife is taking care of him in their home. He cannot speak well yet and is wearing a diaper. He is very stubborn and used to fiercely fight with Dooly at first, but as time goes by he likes Dooly very much. He is one of the important reason that Dooly can live in Gil Dong's house even though Gil Dong hates him so bad.
Ma I Kol
He is a Gil Dong's neighbor who wants to be a singer but is not very good at singing. He is looks like a typical African man but is totally a Korean whose last name is 'Ma'. Dooly thinks of him as his singing teacher and Dooly, Douner, and he once made a band named "nuclear bomb and guided missiles". They were supposed to be disqualified at the preliminary contest but won the contest with Dooly's supernatural power.Michael Jackson was the model of this character.

Produced by 

Sunbow Entertainment
EBS
KBS
WMNB

1983 movies
Animated characters
Animated movies
Animated television series
Movies about dinosaurs
South Korea
Harold Brown (September 14, 1920 – January 12, 1997) was a former Canadian ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers. He was born in Brandon, Manitoba. Brown served in World War II with the Royal Canadian Navy. He died at his home in Calgary, Alberta in 1997.

References

Other websites

1920 births
1997 deaths
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
New York Rangers players
Benedetto of Savoy (Benedetto Maria Maurizio; 21 June 1741 – 4 January 1808) was a prince of Savoy and Duke of Chablais. He was born in the reign of his father Charles Emmanuel III, King of Sardinia. He has no descendants but had a distinguished military career. He married his niece and was the owner of the Palazzo Chiablese in Turin.

Biography

Chablais was born at the Palace of Venaria and was the was the youngest child of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia and  Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine. His mother died giving birth to him. He was named after Pope Benedict XIV who became pope the year before his birth. His maternal cousin's included the future Queen of Naples and the famous Marie Antoinette. He was his fathers favourite child.
His uncle Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor wanted him to marry his daughter daughter Maria Christina of Austria as but it never happened. In 1753 his father gave what is now the Palazzo Chiablese as a home. Chablais extended the palace. His father gave him the title of Duke of Chablais in 1763.  As the son of a reigning King he was entitled to the style of Royal Highness. 

Chablais married his niece Princess Maria Anna of Savoy on 19 March 1775. The marriage produced no children. Maria Anna died in 1824.

A good soldier, he was given control of the Army of Italy which had French troops and intended on restoring the monarchy in France after the execution of Louis XVI in 1793. He died in Rome aged 66 and was buried at the church of San Nicolo dei Cesarini then later moved to the Royal Basilica of Superga.

Titles and styles

21 June 1741 - 19 June 1796 His Royal Highness Prince Benedetto of Savoy.
19 June 1796 – 4 January 1808 His Royal Highness The Duke of Chablais (Duca del Chiablese)

Other websites
Other websites 

1741 births
1808 deaths
Burials at the Basilica of Superga
Dukes and duchesses
House of Savoy
Italian military people
People from Turin
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
The Kanda University of International Studies is a private university in Makuhari, Chiba, Japan.

History
Kanda Institute of Foreign Language (KIFL) was built in 1963 before Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS). After then, it was established in 1973 as fraternity school.
Crosscultural Communication Institute was also transferred to KUIS at the same time. 
Language Teaching Institute was established in KUIS at one time.

Japanese Language Institute was set up in 1992. 
KUIS was chosen as Center of Excellence from Ministry of Education, Outline, Sports, Science and Technology in 1996.

Department of overseas student and Millennium House were established in 2000.

Department of International Communication was set up in 2001.
In addition, Department of International Language and Culture was also established in the same time.

SACLA (Self-Access, Communication, Learner Autonomy) was built in 2002.
Buildings
Kanda University of International Studies has six buildings: Millennium House, cafeteria, and gym.

Building 6 (SACLA)
Building 6 is called SACLA. "SACLA" means "Self-Access, Communication, Learner Autonomy" and SACLA is divided into two departments. It has electronic devices like computers and printers that are used by the students.

Second floor is SALC. "SALC" means "Self-Access Leaning Center" and SALC has various materials. In TV and DVD Area, students can watch movies which they borrowed from SALC counter. There are also listening stations and speaking booths to help students to improve their listening and speaking skills. Speaking booths have recorders so students can record their speaking and check it by themselves. Listening stations offers students CDs that they can listen to improve their listening. 
There are some convenient rooms called Multi-Purpose Rooms. In these room, students can use computer and enjoy watching and listening CD's and DVD's.
English Language Institute Lounge (ELI Lounge) is available for use freely. It is a place where people can talk in English.

Building 7 (Library, MULC)
Building 7 has three stories and contains the library,"MULC", and cafe.
The first floor is the library which contains over 160,000 books, including books written in English and other languages. It also deals in more than 400 academic journals, magazines,and newspapers from all over the world. 
Students can research books and materials easily by using computers.
Those computers have search function and give users detailed information about where the book is in library, what genre the book is, and whether or not it may be borrowed.
There are sofas and desks so students can study by themselves or read books.
In the library, students can also use audio-cassettes and video-cassettes for classes and personal studies.
Computer rooms are available for use computers and printer if the rooms has any vacancies.
The second floor is called "MULC". It stands for "Multilingual Communication Center".
MULC has eight different booths: China, Spain, Korea, Brazil, Portugal, Vietnam, Indonesia, and International Area.
Each booth is decorated with each countries' colors and these booths have some books and traditional clothes that is connected to the country's culture.
Students can learn about the country by touching those things.

The third floor is cafe. Students can eat foods, and some dessert.
Cafe has over 200 seats and those seats are composed of indoor and outdoor.
When it's fine day, students can enjoy having foods with landscape on outdoor seat.
Millennium House
Millennium House is a multipurpose hall made in 2000. This hall offers students opportunities to take various workshops, for example,a lecture to learn how to act Japanese Drama, a lecture to learn how to play the shamisen: three-stringed Japanese instrument.
This building is used by students to take place some concert. Jazz club and dance club sometimes do their event.

Department
Kanda University of International Studies has six departments.
English department is the largest. The other departments are Chinese, Spanish, Korean, Language and Culture, and International Communication.
All students in the department of English have to study other languages besides English. They chose at least one language as elective subject within twelve languages: Chinese, Spanish, Korean, French, German, Russia, Italy, Arabic, Portuguese, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Thai.
Department of English set up "Interpretation and Translation course" in 2009. This course was made for students who aim to become a translator or an interpreter.

Events
There are many events in a year at KUIS. In May, the international friendship soccer tournament is held. Many foreign soccer teams come to KUIS to play soccer. In July, wafuku day is held at SALC. ELI teachers and students wear yukata. In October, the English conversation for children is held. Many children come to KUIS to learn English. Moreover, Halloween party is held. ELI teachers and students disguise. The contest of disguise is also held. There are many food like pizza, snacks and so on. In November, Hamakaze festival is held. There are many stalls outside. KUIS has many international departments, so there are national foods, national music lives, shows of national clothes and so on. In December, a Christmas party is held at SALC. A smorgasbord of food is served. ELI teachers and students enjoy playing games.
Other websites
 Kanda University of International Studies: English website 
 Kanda University of International Studies: Japanese website
 Kanda Gaigo Group website
 British Hills website

References

Colleges and universities in Japan
1987 establishments in Japan
Organizations based in Chiba Prefecture
Deportivo Italia is a Venezuelan football team in Caracas. It was founded in 1948 and ended activities in summer 2010.

History
Football started to be played in Venezuela in the first half of the 20th century. "Deportivo Italia" was one of the first teams. If was founded by Italian emigrants in Caracas in 1948.

The most successful years of the team were those of the "D'Ambrosio era", which lasted from 1958 to 1977. This 20 years period was crowned by the victory 1:0 with the Fluminense, champion team of Brazil in 1971.

The D'Ambrosio golden era

In 1958, Mino D'Ambrosio and his brother Pompeo D'Ambrosio took control of Deportivo Italia. Pompeo managed the finances of the team. For the next twenty years, the team was the most successful in Venezuela.
In those golden years, Deportivo Italia won the "Venezuelan First Division" tournament four times (1961, 1963, 1966 and 1972) and the Copa Venezuela three times (1961,1962 and 1970), and was runner up in the first division in 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1971 and in the Copa Venezuela in 1976. 

Deportivo Italia even managed to participate in the Copa Libertadores six times (1964, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971 and 1972).

In the 1971 Copa Libertadores, Deportivo Italia was even able to defeat 1:0 the Fluminense (Champion of Brasil) in the Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro: it was celebrated as Pequeno Maracanazo (Small Maracanazo in english) by all the Latinoamerican sport-media.

The Caracas daily 'El Universal' wrote that: