Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The economy-of-effort theory is an idea in the study of humans and the study of men, women, and sometimes a third or fourth type of person.  Scholars use it to say why some groups of people give some work to women and other work to men.  In an economy-of-effort scenario, work goes to men or women (or some other gender role recognized by that culture) not because of differences in men's and women's bodies but because other things about that culture make it easier.

Ember et al. say that if one group has men cut down trees and use wood, they will learn about wood and what it can do.  That group might also have men make wooden musical instruments because their other work makes it easier for them to do that.

Anthropologists use this idea to explain why some work goes to men or women when other theories, for example male expendability, strength, or compatibility with childcare, cannot.

Related pages
Division of labor

References

Anthropology
Gender
The Constitution of Ireland gives authority to a government which is headed by the Taoiseach, the head of government. The government is made up of ministers, each of whom must be a member of the Oireachtas, which consists of Dáil Éireann and Seanad Éireann.

The government is dependent on the Oireachtas to pass laws and so it needs a majority in the Dáil for budgets and government bills to pass.

The government runs the  public administration in Ireland. In 2022 there were about 372,000 people working for it.

References
Ogedengbe of Ilesa (1822-1910), also known as Ogedengbe Agbogun Gboro was a Yoruba chief and fighter in Yorubaland, part of present-day Nigeria, who served as the Seriki (head warrior) during the Kiriji War (1877-1893) against Ibadan.

1822 births
1910 deaths
People from Osun State
Nigerian military people
The Armory Show was an art exhibition in 1913 in 69th Regiment Armory, New York. It lasted from February 17 until March 15, 1913.

1913 in the United States
Art exhibitions
Primary care is the sort of healthcare people can use without having to be checked by someone first.  It is generally not in hospitals.  

In most countries this means general practitioners, dentists, opticians and pharmacists. Emergency departments dont expect people to be checked out first.  Physician assistants, physical therapists, or a nurse may expect people to be sent to them by a doctor in some places.  If people are paying for their own treatment they may be able to go where they want, but in a public healthcare system there are usually more controls.  In less developed countries people may be used to going to hospitals for all their problems.

References

Healthcare
Silent reading means reading without saying the words out loud.

Long ago, people didn't have spaces between words in their writing, so it was unusual to read silently.

Some people think silent reading can cause problems with thinking, but many schools still encourage it.

Reading out loud uses more parts of the brain because it involves speaking and reading at the same time.

References 

Reading
"The Metamorphosis" is a short story by Franz Kafka. It is about a young man named Gregor who wakes up from a nightmare and becomes an insect. Gregor becomes more and more like a bug and less and less like a human, and then he dies.

The story was first published as "Die Verwandlung" in 1915. The original German version is only 70 pages long. It is the longest work of fiction that Kafka thought was complete that was published during his lifetime. Several movies were made from the story. It was also turned into an opera.

Other websites 

Online editions

 Die Verwandlung  at DigBib.org (text, pdf, HTML) 
 The Metamorphosis , translated 2009 by Ian Johnston of Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, BC
 The Metamorphosis at The Kafka project, translated by Ian Johnston released to public domain
 The Metamorphosis - Annotated text aligned to Common Core Standards
 , translated by David Wyllie
 
 Lecture on The Metamorphosis by Vladimir Nabokov

Commentary
Commentary

 Lesson on the difficulties of translating the story into English 

Related

 Metamorphosis: The Game by Mito Studio, based on the story by Franz Kafka. 

German literature
Short stories
1910s books
Harlan Hubbard (January 4, 1900 – January 16, 1988) was an American artist and writer.

Hubbard was born in Bellevue, Kentucky, on January 4, 1900, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio. His father died in 1907. In 1915, he and his mother went to New York City to live with two older brothers. He went to school at Childs High School in the Bronx. Then he studied art at the New York National Academy of Design. Later he went to the Art Academy of Cincinnati. 

Hubbard's wife, Anna Eikenhout, was born in Michigan on September 7, 1902. She was a musician who played the piano and cello. She read in three languages other than English. She taught college for a while, but moved to Cincinnati to work in the fine arts department at the public library. She met Hubbard there.
They married in 1943 and lived for a short time in Fort Thomas, Kentucky. They lived for a while in a shack beside the river. Then, in 1944, they decided to live in a shanty boat (a small houseboat) and travel on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans. They spent about five years doing this.

At New Orleans they sold their boat and bought a car. They drove for the next ten months to see much of the American West. Then they went back to Kentucky in 1951 and bought seven acres of land in what was called Payne Hollow, across the Ohio River from Hanover and Madison, Indiana.

The Hubbard's built a small house at Payne Hollow and lived there for the rest of their lives. They lived a very simple life that was not modern. They "grew their own food, made their own furniture (except for a grand piano that Anna played each evening), and lived without electricity or running water."

Harlan Hubbbard died of cancer in 1988 at age 88, about two years after his wife Anna.
Works
 Shantyboat (1953, 1977)   
 Payne Hollow:  Life on the Fringe of Society (1974, 1997)
 Harlan Hubbard Journals, 1929-1944 (1987)  
 Oyo:  An Ohio River Anthology with Don Wallis (1987)
 Shantyboat on the Bayous (1990)  
 Shantyboat Journal (1994)
 The Woodcuts of Harlan Hubbard: From the Collection of Bill Caddell (1994)
 Payne Hollow Journal (1996)  
 A Visit with Harlan Hubbard with Wade H. Hall (1996)
 The Watercolors of Harlan Hubbard (2021)

Related works
 Harlan Hubbard: Life and Work by Wendell Berry (1990)
 Sonata at Payne Hollow: A Play by Wendell Berry (2001)

References

1900 births
1988 deaths
American painters
American writers
A physician assistant or physician associate is a healthcare worker who is not a qualified physician but practices medicine under supervision.  The title used and what exactly they can do is different in different countries.  

They started in the USA in the 1960s, but there were similar jobs during World War II.  There are now similar jobs in many countries as there is a general shortage of physicians.  The training for these assistant posts is much shorter.

References 

Healthcare occupations
Rates of smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity are all high in Ireland. Heart disease, cancer and stroke are the most common causes of death. 

Life expectancy has improved since the year 1990.

The Lancet in September 2018 published a measure of expected human capital calculated for 195 countries from 1990 to 2016.  Ireland had the sixteenth highest level of expected human capital.

In 2019:

 26% of the population over 16 had a "chronic illness or health problem".
 18% of the population over 16 had "limited activity", of which 6.6% were "strongly limited" and 13.0% were "limited".
 A fifth of persons aged 45-54 years provided care to another person at least once a week

References 

Health in the Republic of Ireland
Joss paper is a type of paper that is burned as an offering during Chinese ancestral worship and in the worship of deities in Chinese folk religion. People believe it helps the dead get what they need in the afterlife. In Taiwan people spent US$400 million on Joss paper in 2014.

Different types of spirit money are given to distinct types of spirits. There are three main types of joss paper: cash (also known as copper), silver, and gold. Cash paper is given to newly deceased and unknown spirits. Golden joss paper is offered to deities such as the Jade Emperor. Silver joss paper is given only to ancestral spirits and other spirits. It is important to follow these distinctions. If you burn the wrong paper, it may confuse spirits or insult them.

Pictures

Related pages 

 Zhong Yuan Festival
 Ancestral tablet

Sources
Sources 
 

 Adler, J. (2002). Chinese Religious Traditions. London: Laurence King Publishing, Ltd.
 Asian Joss Paper: Rubber Trouble. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from http://rubbertrouble.com/joss.php 
 Burning of Joss Paper. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from https://web.archive.org/web/20070713050534/http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=720
 Feuchtwang, S. (2001). Popular Religion in China. Surrey: Curzon Press.
 Gates, H. (1987, July). Money for the Gods. Modern China, 13(3), 259–277. Retrieved from JSTOR database.
 Hell bank notes - Library - Collection - Studio - Collectors Software. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from  
 Joss Paper. Retrieved October 24, 2008
 Seaman, G. (1982 Fall). Spirit Money:  An Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Religions.
 Thompson, L. (1989). Chinese Religion. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Death customs
Bamboo
Articles containing Vietnamese-language text
Articles containing Chinese-language text
Welnos is an Indo European deity linked to cattle, and there are similar gods in many mythologies such as Slavic, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norse, and Old English. This deity was reconstructed from the Slavic god Veles, Lithuanian god Velnias, and Latvian god Velns, who all protected flocks. The name of this god is also similar to Old Norse Ullr and Old English Wuldor.

Scholar Jaan Puhvel thought Welnos is also connected to the Elysian fields in Greek myth and ritual.

Some scholars, such as Max Muller, believed that Welnos, was related to Sanskrit Varuna and Greek Ouranos. However, this theory has been rejected because of language reasons, and the origin of the word is no longer accepted..

Welnos may have been a kind sky father who represented the night while Dyēus represented the day and danger. He might have had a competition with Perkwunos like Perun and Veles.

Sources 

Proto-Indo-European gods and goddesses
There are many reconstructed Indo European deities. Here is a list of some. These gods may have never existed. Some believe they did exist based on language history.

 Dyēus a god of the sky,
 Divine twins a pair of twins who gave fertility
 Mitra-Varuna a pair of gods associated with law
 Perkwunos a thunder god
 H₂éwsōs a dawn goddess
 Seh₂ul and Meh₁not a sun goddess and moon god
 Dʰéǵʰōm an earth goddess also known as *Pleth₂wih₁
 H1n̥gʷnis a fire god
 H₂epom Nepōts an underwater fire god
 H₂weh₁-yú a wind god
 Pehuson a nature god
 Fates three goddesses of fate
 H₂eryo-men a god of roads
 Smith God a god of smiths
 Deh₂nu a goddess of rivers
 Priyah a love goddess
 Welnos a cattle god

References

Proto-Indo-European
Douglas Owen Hopkins (April 11, 1961 – December 5, 1993) was an American musician and songwriter. He was a member of the rock band Gin Blossoms. He was the band's lead guitarist and main songwriter. His writing credits included the singles "Hey Jealousy", "Found Out About You" and "Lost Horizons". Hopkins was born in Seattle, Washington. He grew up in Tempe, Arizona.

Hopkins, aged 32, died by suicide on December 5, 1993, in Tempe. He shot himself in the mouth with a .38 caliber pistol. He had chronic depression and was an alcoholic.

References

Other websites
 

1961 births
1993 deaths
American rock guitarists
American songwriters
Musicians from Arizona
Musicians from Seattle
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Sir Jadunath Sarkar CIE, FRAS (10 December 1870 – 19 May 1958) was an Indian historian known for his expertise on the Mughal dynasty. He received his education in English literature and initially worked as a teacher before shifting his focus to historical research and writing. He had a deep understanding of the Persian language and wrote all of his books in English. Sarkar served as the Vice Chancellor of the University of Calcutta from 1926-1928 and was also a member of the Bengal Legislative Council from 1929-1932. He was knighted by the British government in 1929.
Bio
Sarkar was born in Karachmaria village in Natore, Bengal, and graduated in English from Presidency College, Calcutta in 1891. He went on to top the Master of Arts examination in English at Calcutta University in 1892 and received the Premchand-Roychand Scholarship in 1897. Sarkar began his teaching career as a faculty member of English literature at Ripon College, Calcutta in 1893, and was later appointed at Presidency College, Calcutta in 1898. He taught modern Indian history at Benaras Hindu University from 1917-1919 and both English and history at Ravenshaw College, Cuttack from 1919-1923. Sarkar was appointed as the Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University in 1926 and later joined Madras University as the Sir W. Meyer Lecturer in 1928.
Work
Sarkar's work on the Mughal dynasty was highly regarded in his time, but later faded from public memory with the emergence of Marxist and postcolonial schools of historiography. Academically, his work has been compared to that of the Aligarh historians, who focused on the mansabdari system and gunpowder technology in the Mughal Empire. Sarkar, on the other hand, concentrated on military tactics and sieges.

Achievements
Sarkar was honored by the British government with a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) and was knighted in the 1929 Birthday Honours list. A research center, the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, has been established in his house and includes the Jadunath Bhavan Museum and Resource Centre, a museum-cum-archive of primary sources.

List of works

Published works by Sarkar include:
Economics of British India (1900)
 The India of Aurangzib (1901)
 Anecdotes of Aurangzib (1912)
 History of Aurangzib (in 5 volumes), (1912–24)
 Chaitanya's pilgrimages and teachings, from his contemporary Bengali biography, the Chaitanya-charit-amrita: Madhya-lila (translation from the Bengali original by Krishnadasa Kaviraja, 1913)
 Shivaji and his Times (1919)
 Studies in Mughal India (1919)
 Mughal Administration (1920)
 Nadir Shah in India (1922)
 Later Mughals by William Irvine (in 2 volumes), (edited by Jadunath Sarkar, 1922)
 India through the ages (1928)
 A Short History of Aurangzib (1930)
 The Fall of the Mughal Empire (in 4 volumes), (1932–38)
 Studies in Aurangzib's reign (1933)
 The House of Shivaji (1940)
 The History of Bengal (in 2 volumes), (1943–1948)
 Maāsir-i-ʻĀlamgiri: a history of the emperor Aurangzib-ʻl̀amgir (translation from the Persian original by Muḥammad Sāqī Mustaʻidd Khān, 1947)
 Military History of India (1960)
 A History of Jaipur, c. 1503–1938 (1984)
A History Of Dasnami Naga Sanyasis
Indian historians
Deh₂nu-  is a Proto-Indo-European goddess of rivers. Some people think that this is based on the Vedic goddess Dānu, the Irish goddess Danu, the Welsh goddess Don, and the names of some rivers such as the Danube, Don, Dnieper, and Dniester. But, Mallory and Adams say that there is no proof for a specific river goddess in this mythology, only the idea of rivers being important in Indic tradition.

Some people have suggested a sea god named *Trih₂tōn based on the Greek god Triton and the Old Irish word trïath, which means "sea". Mallory and Adams do not think this is true because there is only a small possibility that the words are related, and there is no evidence of a similar god in Irish mythology.

The goddess is also linked to Ossetian Donbettyr, who is said to give "three scones with honey" to those who turn their waterwheels. Donnán of Eigg might be a Christianized version of this deity.
Some stories say that the goddess fought a hero named H2nert, and her possible descendants include Nart from the Nart saga, Indra, and Njord.

There’s a central Asian river called Dan. Its name might come from Dehnu

Related pages 

 Trito

References 

Gods and goddesses of water
Proto-Indo-European gods and goddesses
MBC 1 is a free-to-air pan-Arab general television channel.

Programming

Television shows and programming
Arab Idol
Good Morning Arabs
Kalam Nawaem
Little Big Stars
MBC in a Week
MBC News
 The Godfather: Club of the East
 Ahl al-Gharām
 Aswār
 Gārī Yā Hammūda
 Khams Khawāt

Play
Aleial kaburat
Bani Samet
Bay bay landan
The School of the Misfits

Telenovelas 
 Corazón valiente

Related pages
 MBC Group

References

Other websites
 

1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
1991 establishments in France
Television channels in Europe
Saudi Arabian culture
History
The Swagger API project was created in 2011 by Tony Tam, technical co-founder of the dictionary site Wordnik. During the development of Wordnik's products, the need for automation of API documentation and client SDK generation became a major source of frustration.  Tam designed a simple JSON representation of the API, building upon the flexibility of part of the REST style of architecture and using Swagger quickly gained popularity among API developers due to its ability to generate interactive documentation, client libraries, and server stubs automatically from API specifications. In 2015, the Swagger project was acquired by SmartBear Software, a company that specializes in software quality tools and API testing. SmartBear continues to develop and support Swagger and the OpenAPI Specification, which has become the industry standard for defining RESTful APIs.

Features
Swagger provides a suite of tools for designing, building, documenting, and testing RESTful APIs. Some of its key features include:
Interactive documentation: Swagger UI allows developers to view and interact with the API in a web browser, making it easy to understand and test the API's functionality.
 Code generation: Swagger Codegen can generate client libraries, server stubs, and API documentation in various programming languages based on an API's specification.
 API testing: Swagger Inspector is a cloud-based tool for testing and validating APIs, with support for various authentication methods and response validations.
 API design: Swagger Editor is a web-based tool for designing and editing API specifications in YAML or JSON format.
 API management: SwaggerHub is a platform for hosting, sharing, and collaborating on API designs, with features for versioning, team collaboration, and API documentation publishing.

Related pages
 OpenAPI Specification
 RESTful
 API Gateway

References

Other websites
 Swagger website
 Swagger on GitHub
Ruthless is a 1948 American Polish drama movie directed by Edgar G. Ulmer and was based on the novel Prelude to Night by Dayton Stoddart. It stars Zachary Scott, Louis Hayward, Diana Lynn, Sydney Greenstreet, Lucille Bremer, Martha Vickers, Raymond Burr, Dennis Hoey, Ann Carter and Edna Holland. It was distributed by Eagle-Lion Films.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1948 drama movies
American drama movies
Polish drama movies
Movies directed by Edgar G. Ulmer
Movies about businesspeople
Movies based on books
MBC Iraq Now () is a TV channel for Iraqi viewers. It was launched on 17 February 2019. The channel is owned by the Middle East Broadcasting Center.

Programming

Play 
Aleial kaburat
Fananees
Cocomelon
The School of the Misfits

References

Other websites

Iraq
2019 establishments in Asia
Television stations
Television channels in Asia
The Carlisle Indian Industrial School (or Carlisle Indian School) was a boarding school in  Carlisle, Pennsylvania. It operated between 1879 and 1918. It was located in the old barracks. It was there to educate Native American children (which were called "Indians" at the time). The problem with these schools was that the children were told what America was like, but they were not told, what their people were like. This process was called assimilation, and was done on purpose. It means that some of the cultural values were lost.

With the beginning of the first World War, the school was closed, and the property again was used by the military. Today, all of it is part of the United States Army War College.

Schools in Pennsylvania
History of Native Americans
Freddy's Frozen Custard & Steakburgers is an American fast casual restaurant chain. They make and hand out frozen custard, sundaes, hot dogs and chicken sandwiches along with other foods. There were almost 450 Freddy's restaurants in the United States as of August 1, 2022.

The company was founded in Wichita, Kansas in 2002. Almost two years after that they opened their first franchise in Hutchinson. In 2011, Freddy's opened their 50th store in California.

The company was named for Frederick "Freddy" Simon (1924 or 1925 -- 2020).

2002 in the United States
Companies of the United States
American fast food restaurants
On February 3, 2023, a train accident happened in  East Palestine, Ohio, United States. The accident happened at 8.55pm EST (UTC−5). A train carrying dangerous chemicals derailed. Several of the 38 railcars caught fire, and started to burn. Some  burned for more than two days. Emergency crews  burned several of them in a controlled fire. This fire released hydrogen chloride and phosgene into the air. Phosgene is used only in specially equipped plants. Today, it is used to produce certain plastics, and other chemicals, such as dyes. In the past, it was also  used as a chemical weapon. For this reason, the residents within a  radius were evacuated. Emergency response was started from agencies in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. East Palestine is about half way between Cleveland and Pittsburgh.
Background 
The derailed train was running from  Madison, Illinois to Conway, Pennsylvania, on the Fort Wayne Line. Aboard the  train were an engineer, conductor, and conductor trainee. The train consisted of 141 loaded cars and 9 empty ones. Other reports say there was one more car, for a total of 151 cars, weighing 18,000 tons.

Of those cars, 20 were carrying dangrous materials, including chloroethene (vinyl chloride), butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, isobutylene, flammable liquids, and benzene residue. The train departed Madison on February 1, and had had at least one mechanical failure before the derailment.

Derailment
Derailment 

Security footage from a business in Salem, Ohio ( northwest from East Palestine), and a Ring doorbell camera from New Waterford, Ohio ( northwest from East Palestine), show fire coming from underneath a rail car. After this, at around 8:55 pm EST on February 3, 2023, 51 cars derailed on the east side of town, near the border with Pennsylvania. 49 of the cars ended up in a derailment pile, which caught fire and burned for several days. Of the 51 derailed cars, 11 were tank cars which dumped 100,000 gallons of hazardous materials, including vinyl chloride, benzene residue, and butyl acrylate.
About 48 hours later, the NTSB released a first report that stated  that the derailment was caused by a mechanical problem on one of the railcars' trucks.   This may be connected to reports that an axle was observed throwing sparks about an hour before. The crew received an alarm from a wayside defect detector shortly before the derailment indicating a mechanical problem, and then an emergency brake application initiated.

Emergency response and burn off 

Nearly 70 emergency agencies from Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania mobilized in response. East Palestine Mayor Trent Conaway declared a state of emergency.
Norfolk Southern personnel were first to respond on February 3. On February 4, they noticed water spillage into Sulphur Run and Leslie Run, and installed barriers to separate the floating pollutant. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began monitoring air quality on February 3. According to the EPA, humans can smell butyl acrylate at a concentration lower than the screening level (exposure limit). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit for butyl acrylate is time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m3).
On February 5, the temperature changed in one of the train cars. his caused fears of an explosion with the potential to disperse shrapnel as the fires continued to burn. Although five cars containing vinyl chloride remained intact after the crash, the relief valve on one of the cars had malfunctioned. Ohio Governor Mike DeWine activated the Ohio National Guard to assist local authorities in what he called "a matter of life and death". Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro ordered an evacuation in areas of Beaver County which bordered the site. Officials in both states went door-to-door to evacuate residents. The fire from the accident burned until February 5.

Reactions
Reactions 

Commentary following the derailment centered around industry working conditions and safety concerns, such as the lack of modern brake safety regulations, the implementation of precision scheduled railroading (PSR), reduced railway workers per train, and increased train lengths and weight. Critics said that train companies have failed to invest in train maintenance to prevent accidents, even though they conduct stock buybacks, in which capital that could be used on maintenance and safety measures is instead distributed to existing shareholders.

On February 14, Governor Mike DeWine told reporters that he was not seeing any problems in the area after the controlled release of chemicals and that President Joe Biden had offered federal assistance but DeWine said that no further assistance was necessary.

References
References 

2020s disasters in the United States
2023 disasters
2023 in the United States
2020s fires in the United States
Transport disasters in the United States
21st century in Ohio
February 2023 events
2023 fires
Joseph Cornell (December 24, 1903 – December 29, 1972) was an American visual artist and film-maker. For his art, he did not paint or draw. He put together pictures and objects that he found. This kind of art is called "collage" and "assemblage." He often arranged things inside of wooden boxes that he made himself.

Cornell was born in Nyack, New York in 1903. He had two sisters. His younger brother Robert had cerebral palsy. After his father's death in 1917, the family moved to a house on Utopia Avenue in Bayside, Queens in New York City. He lived there from 1929 until he died in 1972. 

From 1917 to 1921, Cornell went to Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, but he did not graduate. After that, he worked as a salesman and, later, as a textile designer in New York. He walked around the city and found many things to collect in used bookstores and junk shops.
In the 1930s he started making movies out of parts of other old movies. These and his collages and boxes were influenced by surrealism, an art and literature movement that made things that felt strange, like dreams.

His first public show was in Surréalisme at the Julien Levy Gallery in 1932, along with art by Salvador Dali and Marcel Duchamp.

Cornell died of a heart attack at home in 1972, a few years after the deaths of his mother and brother.

Selected films
Rose Hobart (1936)
Children's Party (c. 1940)
Cotillion (c. 1940)
The Midnight Party (c. 1940)
The Aviary (1955)
Gnir Rednow (1956) (made with Stan Brakhage)
Mulberry Street (1957)
Boys' Games (1957)
Centuries of June (1955) (made with Stan Brakhage)
Nymphlight (1957)
Flushing Meadows (c. 1965) (made with Larry Jordan)
A Legend for Fountains (1957–1965)
Bookstalls (1973)
By Night with Torch and Spear (1979)

References
References

Other websites
 Joseph Cornell at the Art Institute of Chicago
 Joseph Cornell at the Guggenheim Museum
 Joseph Cornell at the Tate Museum
 Joseph Cornell at the Museum of Modern Art
 Joseph Cornell at The Royal Academy of Arts

1903 births
1972 deaths
American filmmakers
American artists
The OpenAPI Specification (OAS) is an open standard for describing and defining RESTful APIs. It was previously called the Swagger Specification and is currently maintained by the OpenAPI Initiative, which is a group of industry experts and companies.

The OAS is a machine-readable format that enables developers to outline the details of an API in a structured and standardized way. This includes information about the endpoints, operations, parameters, responses, and other relevant data. This uniformity makes it easier for developers to understand, use, and test APIs, as well as for tools to generate documentation, client libraries, and server stubs automatically from the specification.

The OAS supports both JSON and YAML formats and has become a popular tool in the API development community.

History
History 

The Swagger Specification was created in 2010 by Tony Tam, technical co-founder of the dictionary site Wordnik. During the development of Wordnik's products, the need for automation of API documentation and client SDK generation became a major source of frustration. Tam designed a simple JSON representation of the API, building upon the flexibility of part of the REST style of architecture, and Swagger quickly gained popularity among API developers due to its ability to generate interactive documentation, client libraries, and server stubs automatically from API specifications. 

In 2015, the Swagger Specification was donated to the newly formed OpenAPI Initiative, which is a consortium of industry experts and companies who are dedicated to the development of the standard.

Features 

The OAS provides a variety of features that make it easier to design, build, document, and test RESTful APIs. These include:
Interactive documentation: Swagger UI allows developers to view and interact with the API in a web browser, making it easy to understand and test the API's functionality.
 Code generation: Swagger Codegen can generate client libraries, server stubs, and API documentation in various programming languages based on an API's specification.
 API testing: Swagger Inspector is a cloud-based tool for testing and validating APIs, with support for various authentication methods and response validations.
 API design: Swagger Editor is a web-based tool for designing and editing API specifications in YAML or JSON format.
 API management: SwaggerHub is a platform for hosting, sharing, and collaborating on API designs, with features for versioning, team collaboration, and API documentation publishing.

Related pages 

 RESTful
 API
 API Gateway

Other websites 

 OpenAPI Specification website
 OpenAPI Specification on GitHub

Software
De Película is a 24-hour cable television movie channel. It is owned by TelevisaUnivision under Televisa Networks. It is available in Mexico, the United States, and Latin America. This channel focuses on Mexican movies of all times that are under license of TelevisaUnivision.

Other websites
 Official site  

Television networks
Television channels in Mexico
1990 establishments
De Película Clásico (Classic Films) is a Spanish-language cable channel. It is owned by TelevisaUnivision under Televisa Networks.

Other websites
 Official site 

Television channels in Mexico
1994 establishments in North America
Television networks
Charles E. Lawrence III (July 9, 1956) is an American former accountant, former commercial real estate broker, and convicted sex offender. In October 2015, Lawrence was confronted by Chris Hansen after traveling to a sting house thinking he was going to have sex with a 13-year-old boy. Lawrence was arrested and sentenced to two years in prison.
Background and sting
Prior to being caught in the sting, Charles E. Lawrence III worked in New York as an accountant and commercial real estate broker. In September 2015, Lawrence, who was 59 years of age at the time, started talking to someone he thought was a 13-year-old boy on a social media app called Grindr. He told the boy he could teach him about sex and asked about his sexual thoughts. On October 3, 2015, Lawrence went to meet the boy, but instead of meeting a real child, he was met by former Dateline NBC reporter Chris Hansen and was arrested by the police. When police searched Lawrence, they found a container of lubricant and a bottle of nail polish remover. Lawrence was charged with three felonies: second-degree attempted sexual assault, attempted risk of injury to a minor and enticing a minor to have an obscene performance.
Criminal process and sentencing
On April 28, 2016, while dressed in a blue suit, Lawrence was in front of Superior Court Judge Robert Devlin and pleaded guilty under the Alford Doctrine to all three felonies he was facing. A plea under the Alford Doctrine meant that he did not admit to everything but agreed there was enough evidence to convict him of the crimes. Judge Devlin found him guilty and told him he would be sentenced to prison for up to three years, but not less than nine months, on September 2, 2016. Lawrence and his lawyer didn't talk to the media as they left the courtroom. During his sentencing hearing, Lawrence said he had eye problems and thought he was going to have sex with an 18-year-old man, not a 13-year-old boy.
His lawyer said he got a text message that had a one and a three which he mistook for a one and an eight. According to State's Attorney John Smriga, an undercover operation by his office, the Fairfield police, and Hansen revealed Lawrence actually thought he was chatting with a 13-year-old boy on Grindr. Lawrence said he was not a pedophile, adding that he used "poor judgment", and claimed he had never seen, used or downloaded child pornography in his life. Gavin told the judge that it was funny because his client traveled daily on the commuter train with Hansen and was aware of Hansen's previous television program, To Catch a Predator. Judge Devlin said he didn't believe him and said the case had "Shakespearean" quality to it, or "maybe a Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde aspect". The judge said the case was about protecting children and noted that Lawrence did a horrible thing. Judge Delvin sentenced Lawrence to eight years in prison but suspended six years of the sentence, ordering him to serve two years
. He also required Lawrence to register as a sex offender. Lawrence was released from prison on June 15, 2018.
Mommie Dearest is a 1981 American biographical psychological drama movie directed by Frank Perry and starring Faye Dunaway, Steve Forrest, Mara Hobel, Diana Scarwid and Xander Berkeley. The movie shows Christina Crawford's adoptive mother, Hollywood actress Joan Crawford, as an abusive, controlling and manipulative mother. Christina and her brother Christopher are suffering child abuse from their mother.

Cast

Production
The movie was adapted for the screen by Robert Getchell, Tracy Hotchner, Frank Perry, and Frank Yablans from Christina's 1978 autobiography of the same name. The executive producers were Christina's husband, David Koontz, and Terry O'Neill, Dunaway's then-boyfriend and soon-to-be husband. The movie was distributed by Paramount Pictures, the only one of the "Big Eight" movie studios for which Crawford had never appeared in a movie.
Reception
The movie was not considered successful at the box office, making just over $19 million in North America from a $10 million budget. Despite receiving mostly negative reviews from movie critics, the movie's melodramatic script and Faye Dunaway's acting, made it a cult movie and an "unintentional comedy". It is often considered one of the worst movies ever made. It was nominated for nine Golden Raspberry Awards (Razzies) at the 2nd Golden Raspberry Awards, and won five, including "Worst Picture" and "Worst Actress" for Faye Dunaway.

References

Other websites
American biographical movies
1980s biographical movies
1981 drama movies
1980s American drama movies
American psychological movies
1980s psychological movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Cult movies
Movies based on books
Movies about actors
Movies about child abuse
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in California
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1970s
"Sweating Bullets" is a song by Megadeth. Megadeth is an American thrash metal band. The song was released in 1993 as a single. It was the third single from Countdown to Extinction (1992). This is the band's fifth album. A music video for the song was also made. The song went to number 27 on the US Mainstream Rock music chart. It also went to number 26 on UK music charts.

The song was written by Dave Mustaine. It is about somebody that has schizophrenia.

Charts

References 

1992 songs
Megadeth songs
Tromsdalen (Northern Sami: ) in Tromsø, Norway, is a neighborhood east of the city center. It has a population of 17,377 people as of 2019 and covers an area of 5.01 square kilometers. Its time zone is Central European Time, with a UTC offset of +1. The Tromsø Bridge connects Tromsdalen to Tromsøya island and the E8 highway runs through its northern part. The Tromsdalselva river flows through the valley. Tromsdalen features the Arctic Cathedral and the Fjellheisen aerial tramway that takes visitors to the top of Tromsdalstinden, a nearby mountain. Popular among Tromsø residents, the mountain can be climbed without special equipment, and reaches an elevation of 1,238 meters.

References

Tromsø
Tromsøya or Romssasuolu is an island in Tromsø Municipality, Norway. It is between the mainland and the larger island of Kvaløya. The city of Tromsø is on this  island, which has a population of 39,882 people. Tromsø Airport is on the western side of the island. The island is connected to Tromsdalen on the mainland to the east and the village of Kvaløysletta on Kvaløya island to the west by bridges. The Prestvannet lake, located in the middle of the island, is now a nature reserve area. The University of Tromsø, Tromsø police and fire stations, University Hospital of North Norway, and Tromsø Museum are located on the eastern part of the island.

References 

Islands of Norway
Troms og Finnmark
The Tromsø Bridge is a road bridge in Tromsø, Norway, connecting Tromsdalen on the mainland with Tromsøya island. The  bridge, opened in 1960, was the longest in Northern Europe at the time. It has 58 spans and a maximum clearance of  to the sea. The bridge replaced a ferry connection and helped boost Tromsø's growth. The bridge is a landmark of Tromsø and is protected against modifications. In 2005, the fencing was raised to prevent suicide.

References 

Buildings and structures in Norway
Tromsø
The Arctic Cathedral, also known as Tromsdalen Church, is a church in Tromsø Municipality in Norway. It is a part of the Tromsøysund parish and is managed by the Tromsø domprosti, which is responsible for a group of churches in the area. The church is also under the authority of the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland.

The church was built in a long church style in 1965 using plans drawn up by architect Jan Inge Hovig. The church is made mainly of concrete and metal, and it has a seating capacity of approximately 600 people. The church was built by Ing. F. Selmer A/S Tromsø as the main contractor for the construction.

Despite being nicknamed the Ishavskatedralen or "The Cathedral of the Arctic Sea", it is important to note that the church is not a cathedral, but a parish church.
Design 
The church is notable for its design and is one of the most notable churches in Tromsø. Tromsø has other notable churches, including the Protestant Tromsø Cathedral, which is the only wooden cathedral in Norway, and the Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady, Tromsø.

History 
The church was consecrated on 19 November 1965 by Bishop Monrad Norderval. The church is made out of cast-in-place aluminum-coated concrete panels and has a glass mosaic on the eastern side, made by Victor Sparre in 1972. The church acquired a new organ built by Grönlunds Orgelbyggeri in 2005 to replace the old organ delivered by Vestlandske Orgelverksted, Hareid in 1965.

References

Churches in Norway
Tromsø
Buildings and structures in Troms og Finnmark
Fjellheisen or Tromsø Cable Car is an aerial tramway in Tromsø, Norway. It has a lower station in Tromsdalen and an upper station called Storsteinen, which offers a panoramic view of the city, surrounding islands, and fjords. The cable car is a popular starting point for hikes to Tromsdalstinden, an iconic peak visible from the city. It is busy in summer due to cruise ship passengers wanting to experience the midnight sun and is also an excellent place to view the Northern Lights in winter. Fjellheisen was built by Brødrene Jakobsens Rederi in 1960 and officially opened on February 22, 1961. It is currently owned by Skips AS Nordfisk and operated by Utelivsbyen AS.

References

Buildings and structures in Troms og Finnmark

Cableways
Tromsø
Li Qiang (born 23 July 1959) is a Chinese politician who is currently serving as the 8th Premier of the People's Republic of China. Known to be one of Xi Jinping's closest ally, he used to serve as chief of staff and a de facto personal aide under Xi. This is when Xi served as the top party leader in the province of Zhejiang from 2004 to 2007.

In March 2023, he was appointed to premiership by the National People's Congress with 2,936 votes, three voting against his appointment, and eight abstaining. As premier, he promised to improve the economy and to expand China's gross domestic product by 5%.

References
Tromsdalstinden is a mountain in Tromsø Municipality in Norway, with an elevation of 1,238 meters. The mountain is located at the southern end of the Tromsdalen valley, just southeast of the city of Tromsø. The Norwegian name Tromsdalstinden means "the peak above Tromsdalen," while the Sámi name is made up from the parts Sálaš and Oaivi, with the first word meaning a good hunting area, and the second meaning a rounded mountain without jagged peaks.

The mountain is a popular hiking destination and can be summited from the suburb Tromsdalen or from Ramfjorden. The slopes up are not technically difficult, though fog and rain can make the ascent complicated for those not familiar with the terrain. Skiers usually take the Fjellheisen aerial tramway to Mount Storsteinen and begin their ascent from there.
In 2003, plans to build an alpine skiing facility on the slopes of Tromsdalstinden for the 2014 Winter Olympics were proposed. However, this sparked immediate protests from some Sámi activists who claimed that Tromsdalstinden has been a Sámi sacred mountain since ancient times. The Sami Parliament enacted a resolution declaring it a holy mountain in 2004, and the plans were discontinued.

While some argue that Tromsdalstinden was made a holy mountain in recent times as part of Sámi identity politics, others believe that it has been sacred at one point before Christianization. The mountain bears the significant feature of a traditional sacred mountain, dominating the landscape due to its shape and/or height. Although the classic Sámi religion is dead, the mountain remains of cultural significance to modern Sámi, and their commitment to preserving it displays its intense cultural significance to their ancestors.

References

Mountains of Norway
Troms og Finnmark
The French alphabet uses the same letters as the ISO basic Latin alphabet as well as the English alphabet, although its pronunciation is different from that of English. Some letters sometimes also have diacritics on them (e.g. Français), but letters with diacritics are considered to be a modified form of the letters without diacritics, so they are not different letters of the alphabet. The letters "k" and "w" do not appear in original French words, only in words borrowed from other languages (e.g. kangourou, wagon).

French language
Alphabets
"If You're Gone" is a 2000 song by Matchbox Twenty and is the second single from their second studio album Mad Season. It went to number 5 in the United States, number 12 in New Zealand, number 16 in the Netherlands, number 18 in Australia, number 27 in Canada and number 50 in the United Kingdom.

Track listings

UK CD single
 "If You're Gone" (edit) – 4:21
 "If You're Gone" (album version) – 4:33
 "Bent" (live) – 4:36

European CD single
 "If You're Gone" (edit) – 4:21
 "Bent" (live) – 4:36

Australian maxi-CD single
 "If You're Gone" (album version)
 "Bent" (live)
 "Back 2 Good" (live)

References 

2000 songs
Matchbox Twenty songs
Timothy David Paine was born 8 December, 1984 in Hobart, Australia. He was an Australian cricketer who played 35 tests and 35 one-day internationals for Australia from 2010 to 2021 including captaining them in 23 tests from 2018 to 2021. He also played for Tasmania in the Sheffield Shield.

Other websites
 

1984 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language) is a human-readable data serialization format that is commonly used for configuration files and data exchange between programming languages. It is often used in conjunction with web development frameworks and other systems that need to share data.

YAML was first released in 2001 by Ingy döt Net, Brian Ingerson, and Oren Ben-Kiki. It was designed to be a more user-friendly alternative to other markup languages like XML and JSON. YAML's syntax is designed to be easy to read and write, using whitespace and indentation to organize data.

YAML is often used for configuration files, such as those used by web development frameworks like Ruby on Rails and Django. It is also commonly used for data exchange between programming languages, especially in systems that use different programming languages for different components.
One of the key features of YAML is that it is designed to be easy for humans to read and write, while still being machine-readable. This makes it a popular choice for configuration files, as it allows developers to easily modify settings without needing to understand complex markup languages.

YAML is a superset of JSON, meaning that any valid JSON document is also a valid YAML document. However, YAML adds additional features, such as support for comments, anchors and aliases, and complex data types like maps and lists.

YAML has been implemented in many programming languages, including Python, Ruby, Java, and Perl. It is also supported by many text editors and IDEs, which can provide syntax highlighting and other features to make working with YAML easier.

Overall, YAML is a flexible and user-friendly data serialization format that is widely used in web development, system configuration, and other areas where data needs to be exchanged between different components.
Syntax 
YAML's syntax is designed to be simple and easy to read. It uses indentation and whitespace to organize data, rather than relying on explicit tags or markup. Here is an example of a YAML document:name: John Smith
age: 35In this example, the document contains three key-value pairs, where the keys are `name`, `age`, and `email`, and the values are `John Smith`, `35` , respectively.- name: John Smith
  age: 35
  email: john AT example.com
- name: Jane Doe
  age: 28
  email: jane AT example.comYAML also supports more complex data structures, like maps and lists. Here is an example of a YAML document that contains a map and a list:

Computer file formats
Bradley James Haddin was born 23 October, 1977 in Cowra, New South Wales. He was an Australian cricketer who played 66 tests, 126 one-day internationals and 34 Twenty20 Internationals for Australia. He made his one-day international debut in January 2001 and became Australia's 400th test cricketer following the retirement of Adam Gilchrist in May 2008. He scored four test centuries (including three of them in The Ashes) and two one-day international centuries both against New Zealand. He also played for New South Wales in the Sheffield Shield. He retired from international cricket after the 2015 Ashes.

References

Other websites
 http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/5560.html ESPNcricinfo

1977 births
Living people
Australian cricketers