Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Florida International University (FIU) is a public research university in Miami, Florida in the United States. the University is the largest university in South Florida and also the fifth-largest university in Florida, and the thirteenth-largest university in the country. FIU's programs in law, architecture and business are amongst its most well-ranked and most known programs. The mascot of FIU is a panther, named Roary, and students and fans of the university's athletic teams are often called "Panthers".

On March 15, 2018, a pedestrian bridge at the university collapsed and killed six people.

References

Colleges and universities in Florida
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Conference USA
Miami
1965 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Florida
A sash is of a cloth belt used to hold a robe together, and usually tied about the waist. The Japanese equivalent of a sash, called an obi, serves to hold a kimono together. Decorative sashes may pass from the shoulder to the hip rather than around the waist. Sashes traditionally form part of formal military uniform and the royal attire.

The meaning "strip of cloth worn about the waist or over the shoulder" was first recorded in 1681.

References 

Accessories
Willows are a group of trees and shrubs which may be called sallows or osiers. Their Latin name is Salix.

Willows have many differences in size and type of growth, but are very much alike in other respects. There are about 350 species of this plant, usually found on moist soils in cooler zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Many hybrids are known, both naturally occurring and in cultivation, because willows are very fertile.

Willows have watery bark sap, charged with salicylic acid (defence against herbivory). They have soft, usually pliant (bendy), tough wood, slender branches, and large, fibrous, often stoloniferous roots. The roots are remarkable for their toughness, size, and are hard to kill. Roots readily sprout from aerial parts of the plant.

Willows are dioecious, with male and female flowers appearing as catkins on separate plants. The catkins are produced early in the spring, often before the leaves.

Pictures
Pictures

Other websites
 Salix alba at plants for a future
 Salix purpurea at plants for a future
 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 Salix caroliniana images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu 
 Salix nigra images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu 
 Salix humboldtiana or Chilean willow images

Trees
Malpighiales
Elegance is the attribute of being unusually effective and simple. It is frequently used as a standard of {tastefulness, particularly in the areas of fashion and decoration.

Some associate elegance with simplicity of design. Others understand the word in an opulent light as in tasteful richness of design or ornamentation, like in "the elegance of clothings."

Visual stimuli are considered elegant if a small number of colors and stimuli are used. The color white is often associated with elegance, usually along with blue or black.

Related pages
 Aesthetics

Vocabulary
A courtesan  was often a high-class prostitute or mistress, especially one associated with rich, powerful, or noble men who gave 
luxuries and status in exchange for her services. In Renaissance Europe, courtesans had an important role in high class society, sometimes taking the place of wives at social roles requiring diplomacy. Courtesans usually enjoyed more freedom than was typical of women at the time. For example, they did not have money problems, and were more independent. Madame de Pompadour (1721–1764), the famous mistress and favorite of King Louis XV of France, was a courtesan. Courtesans also existed in many countries outside Europe, such as India and Japan.

Related pages
Geisha
Oiran

References
 Freundschuh, Aaron.  The Courtesan and the Gigolo:  The Murders in the Rue Montaigne and the Dark Side of Empire in Nineteenth-Century Paris.  Stanford University Press, 2017.
Griffin, Susan. The Book of the Courtesans: A Catalogue of Their Virtues. New York: Broadway Books, 2001.
Hickman, Katie. Courtesans: Money, Sex, and Fame in the Nineteenth Century. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.
Lawnes, Lynne. Lives of the Courtesans: Portraits of the Renaissance. New York: Rizzoli, 1987.
Rounding, Virginia. Grandes Horizontales: The Lives and Legends of Four Nineteenth-Century Courtesans. London: Bloomsbury, 2003.

Other websites
Defining the Courtesan  (Mt. Holyoke College)

Personal service occupations
Prostitution
A jester, joker, fool, or buffoon, is a type of entertainer mostly (but not always) associated with the Middle Ages. Jesters typically wore brightly colored clothing. Their hats, sometimes called the cap ’n bells or cockscomb, were special; made of cloth, they were floppy with three points (liliripes) each of which had a jingle bell at the end. 

The three points of the hat represent the asses' ears and tail worn by jesters when they first appeared. Other typical things about the jester were his constant laughter and his mock scepter, known as a bauble or maharoof.
Other websites
 BBC News site story about the Tongaon Royal Jester's involvement in financial scandal 2003
 Royal decree proclaiming the Jester title by the Tongan Royal 1999 
 BBC News site story about Kester the Jester's appointment to English Heritage 2004
 University of California, Berkeley Online Medieval and Classical Library (OMACL) & links for medieval studies 
 Picture of Will Somers with Henry the Eighth 
 Mulla Nasruddin 
 Gesundheit! Institute
 Shakespeare search engine - A keyword search such as "fool", "folly", "jester" or "clown" reveals every reference in Shakespeare 

 Rumpelstiltskin - A rare modern day jester with an impressive resumé 
 Fooling Around the World (A history of the court jester)
 Foolish Clothing: Depictions of Jesters and Fools in the Middle Ages and Renaissance What 14th-16th century jesters wore and carried, as seen in illustrations and museum collections

Entertainment occupations
Middle Ages
Joker may refer to:

 Jester, a person employed to tell jokes and provide entertainment
 Joker (comics), a DC Comics character
 Joker (The Dark Knight), the character in the 2008 movie The Dark Knight
 Joker (2016 movie), an Indian Tamil movie by Raju Murugan
 Joker (2019 movie), an American movie starring Joaquin Phoenix
Fool can mean several different things:
 A jester or a clown 
 Foolishness, having poor judgement
 The Fool (Tarot card), a Tarot card
 The meaning of fou, French term for the piece which in English is called "bishop". See chess.
Etiquette, one aspect of decorum, is a code that rules how everyone is expected to behave, according to the social conventions and norms, in society, in a social class, or group. It is usually unwritten, but it may be put in written form. Because they are a product of the society's culture and history, the rules of etiquette are very different from time to time, and from one place and social group to another.

References

Other websites 

 Debrett's 
 Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home, by Emily Post (1922)
 Global Guide to Etiquette and Customs  by Kwintessential
 Are Paris Waiters Rude Or Is It You?, by Michel Endene. A web article on cultural differences and etiquette.
 Cellphone Etiquettes 
 Email Etiquette
 Etiquette & Dress
 Wiki Etiquette Wiki about etiquette from Wikia

Sociology
Traditions
Human behavior
A hairstyle is the way hair is cut and styled. A haircut may be just practical, but a hairdo suggests professional styling. The fashioning of hair is an aspect of fashion, and cosmetics, especially for females. Practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence hairstyles.

People in many cultures cut their hair, rather than letting it grow naturally. Hair styles are often used to signal cultural, social, and ethnic identity and can be used to show social status or get attention.  

Generally, hairstyles are influenced by gender.  Women's styles are often longer than men's.  Fashion trends may have a great influence depending on the person.

Galleria 
There is a great variety of hairstyles. This can best be explained by examples:

Men

Women

References

Other websites 

 History of Hairdressing 

 
Care
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege and often financial aid given by a person or an organization. It can also refer to the business given by a regular customer, and the guardianship of saints.

In some countries the term is often used to describe the corrupt use of state money and goods to benefit groups, families, ethnicities or races in exchange for votes. These patronage systems are different depending on the area in which they are practiced.

The term comes from the Latin patronatus.

Sources and other websites
Johannes Baptist Sägmüller. Patron and Patronage, The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI, 1911, Robert Appleton Company. This is the reference for the Canon law section.
 The role of patrons in the Renaissance 

Politics
Art
Reputation is the opinion of the public towards a person, a group of people, or an organization. It is an important factor in many fields, such as business, online communities or social status.

Other websites 
 Reputation by Roger Dingledine, Michael J Freedman, David Molnar, David Parkes, Paul Syverson

Society
An appointment is a time reserved for something such as a doctor visit, much like a .
An appointment, in government also refers to the assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.  This may also happen for an office which is normally elected, but has an unexpected vacancy.  A person appointed but not yet in office is a designate.
The power of appointment, in law, is the ability of a testator to select another person to dispose of the testator's property.
An appointment of clergy, in Christianity, is made by a bishop to a particular ministry setting, particularly in denominations which practice episcopal forms of church government and polity (such as Anglicanism and United Methodist Church.) Typically, a pastor is appointed to a particular church or parish.
Lagunaria is a garden plant famous for its colour.

Malvaceae
Warwick Estevam Kerr (born September 9, 1922, Santana do Parnaíba, São Paulo, Brazil- 15 September 2018) is a Brazilian engineer, geneticist, entomologist, and professor. He made many discoveries in the genetics and sex determination of bees. He is also responsible for the spread of africanized bees across the world.

Other websites 
Warwick Estevam Kerr Biography . Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

1922 births
2018 deaths
Geneticists
São Paulo (state)
Brazilian scientists
Entomologists
The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in India. It is used by the Gazette of India, news broadcasts by All India Radio, and in calendars and communications issued by the Government of India.

Calendar structure 

The months in the first half of the year all have 31 days. This was done to take in account for the slower movement of the sun across the sky during that time.

In leap years, Chaitra has 31 days and starts on March 21.

Other websites 
 Calendars and their History (by L.E. Doggett) 
 Indian Calendars (by Leow Choon Lian, pdf, 1.22mb)
 Positional astronomy in India
 India Image website 
 Hindu Panchang

Calendars
India
A crane is a type of tall wading birds from the family Gruidae (order Gruiformes). There are 15 species in 4 genera. The tallest is the sarus crane, Grus antigone, which can grow to a height of up to 1.8 m (5.9 ft),

Cranes look a lot like herons but they are usually larger, and have a partly naked head, and a more heavy bill. When they are flying, their long neck is stretched out in front, and the legs trail out behind.

The earliest fossils of cranes were discovered in North America. Living forms are living everywhere all over the world except in Antarctica and South America. Many populations are endangered by hunting and habitat destruction.
Description 
Cranes are tall birds with long legs. Cranes are large birds, the world's tallest flying birds. They range in size from the demoiselle crane, which is 90 cm (35 in) in length, to the sarus crane, which may be up to 176 cm (69 in). The heaviest is the red-crowned crane, which can weigh 12 kg (26 lb) before migrating.  They are usually brown, white, or gray in color. There are over 15 kinds of species of cranes. They look rather like herons. The whooping crane (Grus americana) is the tallest American bird. Adults stand 5 feet tall and have a wingspan of up to 7 feet.

Life 
Cranes are omnivores. They eat many kinds of plants, reptiles, small mammals, and other birds. The average life time of a crane is from 20 to 25 years. Cranes are highly social birds that live in large flocks. Some species of cranes are thought as holy in Asia, especially in Japan.
Reproduction 
Cranes usually build their nests in marshy areas and lay two eggs at a time. Cranes can make sounds that are heard from far away. Cranes dance special dances when they mate, and they include stepping quickly, high leaps, stretching, and bowing. Crane chicks grow very quickly and at two to four months, they develop their flight feathers. Cranes are very vocal. They use several different types of calls. They also communicate with their bodies.

Behaviour 
All cranes are able to defend themselves quite well. They are mostly quite large, and peck, kick and batter opponents with their wings. They are territorial, and males will fight even more vigorously than usual at mating seasons. Zookeepers use acrylic riot shields to protect themselves against crane attacks.
Evolution 
Cranes are an ancient type of wading bird. Their first definite fossils are in the Eocene epoch, The rails (family Rallidae) are their nearest relatives in the order Gruiformes. Most of the other groups in the Gruiformes are flightless birds. These lived in forests, and left little or no fossil record.

Threatened 
The biggest threats to cranes are hunting and habitat destruction. Cranes need large  habitats. All cranes are protected by international agreement.

Related pages 
Grus
Black-necked crane
Common crane
Grey crowned crane
Red-crowned crane
Sandhill crane
Sarus crane	
Siberian crane

References

Other websites 
 Saving Cranes website (ICF)
 Craneworld website 
 Gruidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection
 Origami crane
Estimation is the approximation of a result that one can use even if they are using information that is not clear or is incomplete. It is like making an educated, reasonable guess based on the information given.

If an estimate is more than the actual amount, then it is called an overestimate. If the estimate was less than the actual result, then it is called an underestimate. This is different from a prediction.

References

Other websites

 Estimation chapter from "Applied Software Project Management" (PDF)

Mathematics
A fee is the price one gives as payment for services, especially the honorarium paid to a doctor, lawyer, consultant or member of a learned profession. Traditionally, a fee is different to a payment, salary, or wage, because the fee usually is paid only once for the professional's services.

Business
A maid, housemaid or, formerly, maidservant is a female employed in domestic worker. Maids perform typical domestic chores such as cooking, ironing, washing, cleaning the house, grocery shopping, caring for pets, and taking care of children like a nanny. In many places in some poor countries, maids often take on the role of a nurse in taking care of the elderly and people with disabilities. Many maids are required by their employers to wear a uniform.

In June 2011, International Labour Organization has made its Convention No.189 for domestic workers including maids.

Other websites 

Personal service occupations
Domestic work
Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials with designs stitched in strands of thread or yarn using a needle. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. Sewing machines can be used to create machine embroidery.

Qualifications 
City and Guilds qualification in Embroidery allows embroiderers to become recognized for their skill. This qualification also gives them the credibility to teach. For example, the notable textiles artist, Kathleen Laurel Sage, began her teaching career by getting the City and Guilds Embroidery 1 and 2 qualifications. She has now gone on to write a book on the subject.

References

Other websites
 The Crimson Thread of Kinship  at the National Museum of Australia

Needlework
Style may refer to:

 Genre, design, format, or looks
 Fashion, applies to a mode of expression, i.e. clothing.
 Carpel, in Botany: part of the pistil of a flower
 The artistic characteristics that make an artist's work special or unique
 Painting style, in art and painting style can refer either to the aesthetic values followed in choosing what to paint (and how) or to the physical techniques employed
 Music genre, category (or genre) of pieces of music that share a certain style or "basic musical language"
 Cascading Style Sheets, in web design
 Style guide and literary genre, in writing
 Stylistics (linguistics), in Linguistics: Variation in the language use of an individual, such as formal/informal style.
 Style (band), pop music group from Sweden
 Style (address), how you address a person; titles, honorifics or courtesy names
A banquet is a large public meal or feast, complete with main dishes and desserts. It usually serves a purpose, such as a ceremony, or a celebration. Sometimes a banquet is made only of desserts.

Related pages
 Festival

Other websites 
 Banquet Preparation  and keeping things organized

Meals
Eccentricity or extravagance is a word used to describe unusual behaviour in a person. People who have habits which many people think are very strange may be called eccentric. Eccentric behaviour is not necessarily good or bad in itself.

Some clever people (geniuses) have behaviour which might be described as eccentric. It is not always clear whether behaviour is just eccentric or whether it is madness. 

Famous people who were eccentric in their different ways include Albert Einstein, Nero, Alan Turing, Howard Hughes, Ludwig II of Bavaria and Lord Berners.

Sociology
Human behavior
Květinov is a small village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. 243 people live there. It covers 7,08 km². It was first documented in 1436.

Villages in Vysočina Region
Úsobí is a village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. 707 people live in Úsobí. It covers 12.97 km². It was first documented in 1307.

Villages in Vysočina Region
A conversation is two or more people talking about something. It is spontaneous, usually unplanned, though the people may have interests in common. 

Conversations are one of the basic types of human communication. They can be about any subject, and do not necessarily have any fixed purpose. They allow people with different views of a topic to learn from each other. A conversation may be contrasted with formal presentations. A talk or speech, for example is an oral presentation by one person directed at a group. It is basically a one-way communication.

Conversations do not have to happen in person, they can happen over the telephone or on the Internet.
Banter 
Banter is short witty sentences that bounce back and forth between individuals. Often banter uses clever put-downs and witty insults. It can contain misunderstandings (often intentional), zippy wisecracks, zingers, flirtation, and puns. The idea is each line of banter should "top" the one before it. It is a verbal war of wit without any physical contact.

Related pages 
 Conversation analysis
 Consensus
 Intensity of preference

References

Other websites 
 Advice  on initiating conversations and links to conversational organizations 
 Article on developing basic communication skills 
 Conversation Cafè, devoted to creating a "culture of conversation."
 Empathic listening skills 
 Lifehack howto on Small Talk 
 "The art of conversation", Economist, 19th December 2006

Human communication
FK Viktoria Žižkov is a football club in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1903 in the city of Prague. Viktoria Žižkov won Czechoslovak championship in 1928 and won the National cup in 1994 and 2001.

Historical names 
 1903 - Sportovni kroužek Viktoria Žižkov
 1904 - SK Viktoria Žižkov
 1950 - Sokol Viktoria Žižkov
 1951 - Sokol ČSAD Žižkov
 1952 - Club was merged with Avia Čakovice
 1952 - TJ Slavoj Žižkov
 1965 - TJ Viktoria Žižkov
 1973 - TJ Viktoria Žižkov Strojimport
 1982 - TJ Viktoria Žižkov PSO
 1992 - FK Viktoria Žižkov

Other websites
 Official site
 Official site Fans 

Viktoria Zizkov
Wit is a form of intellectual humour. A wit is someone skilled in making witty remarks. A witty remark is a smart observation, put with humor and said in the perfect moment. Forms of wit include: the quip and the repartee.

Witty remarks may be intentionally cruel, and perhaps more ingenious than funny. 

A quip is an observation or saying that has some wit but perhaps descends into sarcasm, or otherwise is short of point; a witticism also suggests the diminutive. Repartee is the wit of the quick answer. (Wilde: "I wish I'd said that." Whistler: "You will, Oscar, you will".)

Language
Humor

es:Ingenio (desambiguación)
Joss sticks are a type of incense. They are traditionally burned before an Asian religious image, idol, buddha statue, or shrine. But some joss stick burning rituals (and the prayers that come with it) do not need to be done in front of religious images. They can be burned before anything without limits; like in front of a door, or open window as an offering. In modern days, the burning of joss sticks can be used for any reason, like making the smell of a room better or lighting fireworks up.

Religious objects
Perfumery
AFK Union Žižkov is a football club in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1907 in the city of Prague.

Historical names 
 AFK Union Žižkov (1907–?)
 ASK Union Žižkov (?–1948)
 Sokol Union Žižkov (1948–1950)
 Sokol Žižkov B (1950–1952)
 ZSJ Pošta Žižkov (1952–1953)
 TJ Dynamo Žižkov Spoje (1953–?)
 TJ Spoje Žižkov
 TJ Union Žižkov
 AFK Union Žižkov

Other websites 
 Official site 

Union Zizkov
1907 establishments in Europe
The 2004 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2004. It lasted until November 30. These dates usually mark the beginning an the end of the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. However, the 2004 season went past these actual limits slightly.  For example, Tropical Storm Otto formed on the last day of the season and lasted two days into December.  The season was above average in activity.  It had fifteen named storms and one of the highest Accumulated Cyclone Energy totals ever recorded. The most season included storms called: Hurricane Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne.

Storms

Hurricane Alex
Hurricane Alex

Hurricane Alex formed on July 31 off the coast of South Carolina. Alex quickly strengthened into a category 2. On August 3, Hurricane Alex came within 10 miles of North Carolina. Hurricane Alex turned northeast and dissipated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Because Hurricane Alex did not make landfall it only caused $2.4 million in damage and only 1 person was killed as a result of the hurricane.
For the official forecasts, see the NHC's archive on Hurricane Alex.

Tropical Storm Bonnie

Bonnie started as Tropical Depression Two while east of Barbados. Tropical Depression Two crossed the Windward Islands and died out shortly after. It became Tropical Depression Two again while it was south of Cuba. Tropical Storm Bonnie made landfall in the Florida Panhandle. Bonnie died out again after that. Bonnie left only about $1 million in damage and 4 deaths.  
For the official forecasts, see:
 the NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Bonnie.
 the HPC's advisory archive on Bonnie after landfall .
Hurricane Charley

Hurricane Charley was a strong hurricane that strengthened very fast. Charley also made landfall further south then he was supposed to. Charley left $16.5 billion in damage and 35 deaths. The damage caused by Charley made it the second costliest storm in U.S. history, only to Hurricane Andrew. This beaten by four other storms within 4 years, it was beaten by Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Wilma, then Hurricane Ike. That makes Charley the fifth costliest storm in U.S. history. 
For the official forecasts, see the NHC's archive on Hurricane Charley.

Hurricane Danielle

Danielle was a category 2 hurricane of 2004. It started on August 13 in the far east Atlantic Ocean. The path took it over cooler waters, which caused Danielle to die on August 21.
For the official forecasts, see the NHC's archive on Hurricane Danielle.

Tropical Storm Earl
On August 13 Tropical Depression Five formed. On August 14 it became Tropical Storm Earl. Tropical Storm Earl passed south of Grenada and became a tropical wave. It was no longer a tropical storm. Later on the remains became Hurricane Frank in the Pacific Ocean. See also 2004 Pacific hurricane season for information on Earl after it crossed oceans.

Hurricane Frances

Frances was one of the four hurricanes to have a major impact of the U.S. state of Florida. Frances made landfall near the same location Hurricane Jeanne would make landfall in about two weeks later. Frances caused about 101 tornadoes from Florida to Virginia. Frances killed 49 people and $12 billion in damage.

 the NHC's archive for Hurricane Frances.
 the HPC's advisory archive on Frances after landfall .

Hurricane Gaston
Hurricane Gaston

Gaston started as Tropical Depression Seven on August 27. It strengthened into a tropical storm. Later on it strengthened into a hurricane very shortly before landfall in South Carolina on August 29. On August 30 it moved back into the Atlantic Ocean. Gaston died on September 1, after killing 9 people and causing $120 million in damage.

Tropical Storm Hermine

Hermine started about 360 miles south of Bermuda. It moved west and became a tropical storm. Hermine moved quickly north and on August 31 made landfall in New Bedford, Massachusetts as a weak tropical storm. Hermine died on the same day after killing no one and causing little damage.

Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Ivan

Hurricane Ivan was the strongest hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm formed as a Cape Verde-type hurricane in early September, and became the ninth named storm, the sixth hurricane, and the fourth major hurricane of the year. Ivan reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, the highest possible category and the only one of the season. At the time it was sixth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record.

For official forecasts see:
 the NHC's public advisory archive on Hurricane Ivan.
 the HPC's advisory archive on Ivan after landfall .

Tropical Depression Ten

Tropical Depression Ten was the only depression of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Ten formed in the northeast Atlantic on September 7 and dissipated two days later, Tropical Depression Ten caused no affects to land.

For official forecasts, see the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Depression Ten

Hurricane Jeanne
Hurricane Jeanne

Hurricane Jeanne was a deadly storm, especially to Haiti. The storm cause 3,035 deaths, about 3,006 were in Haiti alone. Hurricane Jeanne was also a costly hurricane. With $7 billion in damage makes it the 13th costliest hurricane in U.S. History. In Florida the hurricane made landfall in the same area as Hurricane Frances only two weeks before.

For official forecasts see:
 the NHC's public advisory archive on Hurricane Jeanne.
 the HPC's advisory archive on Jeanne after landfall .

Hurricane Karl

Hurricane Karl was a strong category 4 that only affected the Faroe Islands. Karl formed in the middle of the Atlantic on September 16 as Tropical Depression Twelve. It became a tropical storm that same day. Two days later it became a hurricane and by September 21 it became a category 4 and soon reached it highest winds of 145 mph. It continued north weakening and then becoming extratropical on September 24.

For official forecasts see the NHC's public advisory archive on Hurricane Karl.
Hurricane Lisa

Lisa was a category 1 hurricane, it remained weak for much of its early life. After almost 14 days it finally became a hurricane. Hurricane Lisa started on September 19 and died on October 3. 
For official forecasts see the NHC's public advisory archive on Hurricane Lisa.

Tropical Storm Matthew

Matthew was a weak tropical storm. It started in the Gulf of Mexico on October 8. Tropical Storm Matthew made landfall in Louisiana on October 10, and died on the same day. The storm caused $300,000 in damage.
For official forecasts see: 
 the NHC's public advisory archive on Tropical Storm Matthew.
 the HPC's advisory archive on Matthew after landfall .

Subtropical Storm Nicole

Subtropical Storm Nicole was the only subtropical storm in 2004. Nicole formed on October 10 southwest of Bermuda. Subtropical Storm Nicole dissipated the next day. Nicole caused swells to the East Coast of The United States and almost 6 inches of rain in Bermuda.
For official forecasts, see the NHC's public advisory archive on Subtropical Storm Nicole.

Tropical Storm Otto

Tropical Storm Otto formed late in the season of November 29 and on the same day, Tropical Storm Otto reached it's highest winds of 50 mph. Otto then dissipated on December 3.

For official forecasts, see the NHC's public advisory archive on Tropical Storm Otto.

Storm names
The list is the names that were set aside for the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Name that were not used are marked in .

Retirement

In the spring of 2005 four names were retired. They are Charley, Frances, Jeanne and Ivan. In 2010 they were replaced with Colin, Fiona, Igor, Julia.

References
References

Other websites
 NHC 2004 Tropical Cyclone Archive
U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2004 
 NOAA hurricane season outlook 
 William Gray's 2004 preseason forecast 
 Tropical cyclone images and movies - Northern hemisphere 2004, from the United Kingdom Met Office 
 Effects of the Third-Quarter Hurricanes on Income Measures 
 Gary Padgett May 2004 Summary - Hispaniola Low 
 The Hurricane Hut  - Detailed Information on All the Storms of 2004
Flirting is a form of human behavior from one person toward another person, or between two people, usually showing a sexual or romantic interest in the other person. It can include conversation, body language (such as winking), or short physical contact.

Other websites
FlirtDictionary  The largest database of pick-up lines. Shared and voted on by the community.
SIRC Guide to Flirting
Nonverbal Courtship Patterns In Women: Context and Consequences 
Psychology Today - Flirting Fascination  –Reviews several studies on flirting

Human communication
Trustworthiness or honesty is mainly a moral value. A trustworthy person is someone in whom we can place our trust and be sure that the trust will not be betrayed. Examples could be 
Do we trust this person to look after our children when we are not present?
Do we trust this person to carry out a complicated repair to a piece of machinery?

The first example is moral. It depends on what we know about the person, their family and upbringing.

The second example is technical. We would need to know what kind of jobs the person had done before and, perhaps, what kind of training he had.

In order for one to trust another,their worth and integrity must be proven over time. That applies especially to the first (moral) case.
Trustworthiness in technical matters may be identified by attributes such as reliability, dependability and qualifications.

Related pages
Virtue
Loyalty

Virtues
The shamisen or samisen (Japanese: 三味線, literally "three taste strings"), also called sangen (literally "three strings") is a Japanese musical instrument with three strings, that is played with a big plectrum called a bachi. The pronunciation in Japanese is usually "shamisen".

Other websites
 Buy shamisen and other traditional Japanese instruments
 God of Shamisen is a progressive/metal band that has implemented the acoustic and amplified sound of the tsugaru-jamisen.
 About the shamisen 
 Buy shamisens and shamisen accessories

Audio
 Play with a shamisen 
 Listen to a shamisen (in modern times)
 Listen to arrangements with shamisen of nagauta pieces Kokaji, Tsurukame, Echigo Jishi and Musume Dojoji

Video
 Shamisen Player - Public Performance #2 
 Shamisen Player - Public Performance 

Japanese music
Plucked string instruments
Obi (帯, おび) is a Japanese word meaning "belt" or "band". Mostly, it is used to describe the types of sash worn with kimono and keikogi.

Obi are worn by both men and women. They can be very simple, made of one layer of lightweight fabric, or decorated heavily, made of stiff, woven material, embroidered and dyed with different designs.

Obi for men are less wide and shorter than obi for women. Men mostly wear kaku obi, but sometimes wear heko obi, which are made of much softer material. Heko obi are worn casually, but kaku obi can be worn casually and formally.

Obi for women are much wider and longer. Most women usually wear a nagoya obi, which is wider at one end. In summer, women wear hanhaba obi with yukata. Formal obi for women can be woven from metallic yarns, covered in embroidery, or dyed in an elegant design.
Obi for women are usually the most expensive part of a kimono outfit. However, obi for men can be expensive as well. Expensive obi are usually made by very skilled artists. Some of these people are called National Living Treasures because they are so skilled.

Obi worn for practicing martial arts are a lot thinner and shorter than other kinds of obi. They come in different colours, and the colours show how skilled someone is in practicing martial arts. When someone becomes skilled enough, they wear a new colour of obi. Both men and women wear the same size and length of obi in martial arts, and they are not decorated with embroidery or dyes designs.

Japanese clothing
Nitrogen fixation how nitrogen in the air (N2) is changed (converted) into ammonia () or other nitrogenous compounds in the soil.

Nitrogen fixation is essential to life because nitrogen compounds are needed for making all nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Atmospheric nitrogen is a relatively unreactive molecule. It is useless to all except a few bacteria and archaea. Biological nitrogen fixation converts  into ammonia, which is used (metabolized) by most organisms.

Nitrogen is fixed in biological and non-biological ways:

Biological

Microorganisms that fix nitrogen (diazotrophs)
 Cyanobacteria, e.g. the highly significant Trichodesmium
 Green sulfur bacteria
 Azotobacteraceae
 Rhizobia
 Frankia Gram-positive soil bacteria cause nitrogen-fixing nodules in actinorhizal plants.
Cyanobacteria are in most environments on Earth. They play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Cyanobacteria use many sources of combined nitrogen, like nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, or some amino acids. 

Several cyanobacteria are also diazotrophs which can fix nitrogen from the air. This is an ability which may have been present in their last common ancestor in the Archaean. 
Cyanobacteria in coral reefs can fix twice the amount of nitrogen than on land—around 1.8 kg of nitrogen is fixed per hectare per day. The colonial marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium may fix nitrogen on such a scale that it accounts for almost half of the nitrogen-fixation in marine systems on a global scale.

Root nodule symbioses
Legume family
Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family – Fabaceae – with taxa such as kudzu, clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, peanuts, and rooibos. They have symbiotic bacteria called Rhizobia in nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compounds that help the plant to grow and compete with other plants. When the plant dies, the fixed 
nitrogen is released, making it available to other plants and this helps to fertilize the soil. Most legumes have this association, but a few genera (e.g., Styphnolobium) do not. In traditional farming practice, fields are rotated through various types of crops, which usually includes one consisting mainly or entirely of clover or buckwheat (non-legume family Polygonaceae), which are often referred to as "green manure".

Non-leguminous

Although most plants able to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules are in the legume family Fabaceae, there are a few exceptions:
Parasponia, a tropical genus in the Cannabaceae also able to interact with rhizobia and form nitrogen-fixing nodules

 Actinorhizal plants such as alder and bayberry, can also form nitrogen-fixing nodules, thanks to a symbiotic association with Frankia bacteria. These plants belong to 25 genera in eight plant families. In these families, not all can fix nitrogen. For example, of 122 genera in the Rosaceae, only 4 genera are capable of fixing nitrogen. 

All these families belong to the orders Cucurbitales, Fagales, and Rosales, which together with the Fabales form a clade. In this clade, Fabales were the first lineage to branch off; thus, the ability to fix nitrogen was lost in most descendants of the original nitrogen-fixing plant. 

Biological nitrogen fixation was discovered by Hermann Hellnegel (18311895) and Martinus Beijerinck (18511931).
Non-biological 
 Lightning. Nitric oxide (NO) from nitrogen gas and oxygen gas due to lightning, is important for the chemistry of the air, but too small to be important for life. 
 Through the Haber process.  Nitrogen gas is combined with hydrogen gas into ammonia for fertilizer and explosives.
 Burning.

References 

Ecology
Biochemistry
Nitrogen
Britské listy is an Internet cultural and political daily published in the Czech Republic. It specialises in critical analysis of Czech politics; some Czech commentators consider this as "left-wing views".  It is editorially open and will publish stimulating pieces by authors from any part of the political spectrum

Other websites 
 Britské listy
 Focus on the Czech Republic (The best of Czech daily Britské listy)

Czech Republic
Politics of Europe
Newspapers in Europe
The nitrogen cycle is the way that nitrogen in nature is changed into many different forms that are used by living organism[s]. 

Air is about 78% nitrogen. Nitrogen chemicals are needed for life. Nitrogen is a necessary part of proteins, DNA, and RNA. In plants, nitrogen is needed for photosynthesis and growth.  However, living things cannot use the elemental nitrogen in the air for these things. Nitrogen fixation is needed to change the nitrogen in air (N2) into forms that can be used by life. Most nitrogen fixation is done by microorganisms called bacteria. These bacteria have an enzyme that combines N2 with hydrogen gas (H2) to make ammonia (NH3).
Some of these bacteria live in the roots of plants (mostly legumes). In these roots, they make ammonia for the plant and the plant gives them carbohydrates. Other plants take nitrogen compounds out of the soil through their roots. All nitrogen in animals comes from eating plants.

Ammonium (NH4) in soil is made by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposers, bacteria and fungi that break down dead life into its parts. This process is called ammonification. Ammonium has a positive charge. It easily joins to clay and humus in the soil. Ammonia and ammonium are poisonous to fish and other animals. Sewage and other waste-water is regularly measured because of this. If ammonia levels are too high, nitrification must happen.
Nitrification is the oxidation of ammonia and ammonium to nitrite (NO2−) and then to nitrate (NO3−) by bacteria. Because nitrite and nitrate have a negative charge they do not easily join to soil and will wash out of the soil during rain and irrigation.  High nitrate levels in drinking water are harmful for babies and can cause blue-baby syndrome.   High nitrate levels can also cause too much algae growth in lakes and pools.  This eutrophication can be harmful to fish and other water animals.  The use of fertilizers is controlled because of this. 

Where there is no oxygen, some bacteria will make nitrate into nitrogen gas (N2) to extract energy. This starts the nitrogen cycle over again. This process is called denitrification.

References 

Ecology
Nitrogen
The university building is an example of Stalinist architecture. In total, there are seven such towers around Moscow. The tower at the university is the largest one. The tower was designed by architect Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev. It was built after the war. He was awarded the Stalin Prize for its construction, in 1949. The building was the largest skyscraper outside New York for a long time. It was the tallest buildimg in Europe, until 1988. The central tower is 240m high. It has 36-stories. It is flanked by four huge wings of student and faculty accommodations. It is said to contain a total of 33 kilometers of corridors and 5,000 rooms. Facilities that are inside the building include a concert hall, a theatre, a museum, various administration services, a library, a swimming pool, a police station, a post office, a laundry, a hairdresser's salon, a canteen, bank offices, shops, cafeterias, and a bomb shelter
. Along with the university administration, four of the main faculties - Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Faculty of Geology, the Faculty of Geography, and the Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts - now are in the Main building. The star on the top of the tower is large enough so that it has a small room and a viewing platform; it weighs 12 tons. The building's facades are decorated with giant clocks, barometers, and thermometers, statues, carved wheat sheaves, and Soviet crests (recently renovated). It stands before a terrace featuring statues of male and female students gazing optimistically and confidently into the future.
Other websites 

 Moscow State University
 Pictures of Lomonosov Moscow State University 
 Moscow State University campus on Google Maps

Colleges and universities in Moscow
1755 establishments
A boarding school is a school where students live and sleep. Some boarding schools have day students who go home at the end of the school day. If the school costs money, they don't have to pay as much money. A person who stays at a boarding school is called a "boarder". In the UK 1% of children go to boarding schools and 13% of private school pupils are boarders. Most boarding schools are private. This means that as well as having to pay to sleep there, students have to pay for their education.  

In Ghana most secondary schools are boarding.

Famous private boarding schools include Eton College, Rugby School and Harrow School in the United Kingdom, Phillips Exeter Academy in the United States and Cornway College in Zimbabwe.
There are therapeutic boarding schools which offer treatment for psychological difficulties. Special needs education for children are catered for in some boarding schools. Some boarding schools offer 'democratic education', such as Summerhill School (where pupils make many of the decisions). Others are determinedly international, such as the United World Colleges. Military schools or academies provide discipline and may offer a way into military service. Gordonstoun in Scotland is a co-educational school for both day and boarding pupils.

Some famous novels use boarding schools as their setting. Examples include the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling; A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett; The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger; the Malory Towers, St. Clare's and The Naughtiest Girl series by Enid Blyton; and Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens.

References

Types of educational institutions
Sacha Noam Baron Cohen  (born 13 October 1971) is an English comedian, writer and actor. He was born in Hammersmith in London.

In 2021, Cohen was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Abbie Hoffman in The Trial of the Chicago 7.
Career
He made a television series called Da Ali G Show, in the series he had three characters:
 Ali G - An English "wannabe" (someone who wants to be something they are not) rapper.
Borat Sagdiyev - A news reporter from Kazakhstan, often uses phrases in the movie that are not "real Kazakh," but are intended to be such. Some of these phrases are; "very nice" and "woo woo wiwa" Borat likes to make fun of Jews and is a very talented song writer. His most famous song is called "In My Country there is Problem" (often called "Throw the Jew Down the Well") The lyrics for "In My Country there is Problem" can be found below:                            Lyrics:                                                                                                                                                                              In my country there is problem, And that problem is transport. It take very very long, Because Kazakhstan is big
. Chorus 1 Throw transport down the well (repeat line) So my country can be free (repeat line) We must make travel easy (repeat line) Then we?ll have a big party (repeat line) Verse 2 In my country there is problem And that problem is the Jew They take everybody money And they never give it back Chorus 2 Throw the jew down the well (repeat line) So my country can be free (repeat line) You must grab him by his horns (repeat line) Then we have a big party (repeat line) Verse 3 If you see the Jew coming You must be carefull of his teeth You must grab him by his money And I tell you what to do (Repeat Chorus 2 twice)
He also made a movie about the character Borat called Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. This movie made Cohen an international celebrity.

In 2009 he made a movie about Bruno called Brüno. The movie about Borat made about $26.4 million in its debut.

In 2012 Cohen played Thénardier in Les Misérables.

In 2012, Cohen made a movie called The Dictator in which he played Admiral General Aladeen.

Personal life
Cohen became engaged to Isla Fisher in 2004. The couple married in 2010. They have two daughters and a son. Cohen is Jewish.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Sacha Baron Cohen audio interview with NPR's Robert Siegel
 Official Borat Homesite 
 Yahoo biography
 Sacha Baron Cohen's characters video collection 
 'Borat' Earns Glorious $26.4M in Debut
1971 births
Living people
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winners
Comedians from London
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English movie actors
English movie producers
English television actors
English television writers
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish British actors
Jewish British writers
Jewish comedians
People from Hammersmith
Screenwriters from London
Utrecht (officially Province of Utrecht) is a province in the Netherlands. It is found near the centre of the country. Utrecht is the smallest province by size in the Netherlands. About 1,361,000 people are living in Utrecht (2021).

Its capital is also called Utrecht, it is the city of Utrecht.

Other websites 
 
 Detailed Map of Utrecht 
 Province maps showing subdivision in municipalities:
 Municipalities of Utrecht Province 
 Detailed Information about Utrecht's Municipalities
George II (George Augustus, 10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was a British king. He was born in Germany. He was the last British monarch born outside of Great Britain. 

He became King of Great Britain and King of Ireland. He was also Elector of Hanover. His son, Frederick, Prince of Wales died before he did, so Frederick’s son became George III of Great Britain.

George II died of heart problems on the toilet on 25 October 1760.

1683 births
1760 deaths
Electors and Electresses
Kings and Queens of Great Britain