Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Louis the Pious, also called Louis I, (778 - 840) was the third Carolingian King of Franks and 2nd Holy Roman Emperor (814 - 840), King of Aquitaine 781 to 814. He was Charlemagne's sixth son.

Related pages 
 King of Aquitaine
 Charlemagne
 Pepin I of Aquitaine
 Louis the German
 Lothar I
 Charles the Bald

Other websites 
 http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Louis_the_Pious_(778-840)
 http://mariefb.pagesperso-orange.fr/casseneuil/palais_charlemagne.htm

Holy Roman Emperors
Frankish kings
778 births
840 deaths
Institut supérieur européen de gestion group (ISEG group) is a group of two French higher education schools (ISG Programme Business & Management, ISEG Marketing and Communication school) created in 1980.. The group is in seven places, in Paris, Bordeaux, Nantes, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg and Toulouse (France). ISEG group delivers Bachelor's degree and Master's degree.

ISEG group's main area is entrepreneurship.

Notable teachers and former teachers
 Fabrice Bardeche, Vice-President of IONIS Education Group

References

Schools in France
1980 establishments in France
A chorus in a classical Greek play typically serving to formulate, express, and comment on the moral issue that is raised by the dramatic action or to express an emotion appropriate to each stage of the dramatic conflict.  

Aeschylus, who was the seventh servant of Dionysus, was told to be the one who directed these chorus' to perfection.

References 

Theatrical forms
Theatre of ancient Greece
Éric Boullier (born 9 November 1973) was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team from 2014 to 2018, and vice-president of Formula One Team Association.

He graduated from Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées.

References 

1973 births
Living people
French racecar drivers
Formula One people
Alumni of the Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées
People from Mayenne
Sportspeople from Pays de la Loire
"Rickey with the Tuft" or "Riquet with the Tuft" () is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It was first published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in Histoires ou contes du temps passé, a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The story is about an ugly but intelligent gnome prince who bestows wit on a beautiful but stupid princess in return for marriage. She renders Rickey handsome. The tale is not of folk otigins, but is a literary fairy tale. It has Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast elements. Similar tales include Catherine Bernard's version of the tale in her 1695 novel Inès du Cordoue, and Marie-Jeanne Lhéritier's "Ricdin-Ricdon". Another similar tale is Giambattista Basile's "Lo Cattenaccio" (The Padlock) from Pentamerone.
A fairy gives an ugly prince named Rickey the gift of conferring wit upon the one he loves the best. He comes to a kingdom with two princesses. The elder one is beautiful but unintelligent. The younger one is intelligent but ugly. The elder princess is saddened that her ugly but smart sister receives more attention than her. One day as the elder princess is walking in the forest to ease her sorrow, she is approached by Rickey who has fallen in love with her. Rickey asks how a person so beautiful can be so sad. She tells him she is sad because she is beautiful but stupid. Rickey bestows intelligence on her for a promise of marriage. A year later, Rickey returns to marry her. She refuses on grounds that he cannot hold her to a promise made before she gained her wisdom. The princess then tells him that she was gifted at birth with the power to transform her lover into a handsome man by the same fairy who helped him. The princess thinks of all Rickey's good qualities and at once he is transformed
. The king has his daughter married to Rickey who has already made preparations for the wedding.
References 
 Barchilon, Jacques and Henry Pettit. 1974. The Authentic Mother Goose Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes. Denver:Alan Swallow. p. 15.
 Betts, Christopher. 2009. The Complete Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 185-7. 
 Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. p. 423.

Other websites

Fairy tales
Works by Charles Perrault
Stadium:MK is a football stadium in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. The Milton Keynes Dons F.C. football club has played there since it opened in July 2007. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the stadium on 3rd December 2007. 

As of 2018, there were about 31,000 seats in the stadium. 

The stadium is beside the junction of the A5 road with the A421 road. 

Football stadiums in England
2007 establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Buckinghamshire
Voice of Russia () was the Russian government's international radio station. The station before it, Radio Moscow was the official radio station of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.  It closed in 2014.

Radio stations in Europe
2014 disestablishments in Europe
Messier 15 is a globular cluster in the constellation of Pegasus. This globular cluster was discovered by Jean-Dominique Maraldi in 1746. M15 is about 33,600 lightyears from Earth, and 175 lightyears in diameter. It has more than 100,000 stars, 112 variable stars and 8 pulsars. M15 also contains Pease 1, the first planetary nebula discovered in a globular cluster.

References

Star clusters
The Volvo Ocean Race (known also as the Whitbread Round the World Race) is a yacht race around the world. It happens every three years. It is named after its current sponsor, Volvo. At this moment the Netherlands holds the record of most wins with the Dutch captain Conny van Rietschoten being the only skipper to win the race twice.

The race leaves Europe in October. The race started in Alicante, Spain, on October 11, 2008. The route for the 2008-2009 race was altered from previous years to include stopovers in India and Asia for the first time. The 2008-09 race covered nearly , took over nine months to finish, and reached an audience of 2 billion people worldwide.
During the nine months of the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race, which started in Alicante, Spain in October 2011 and finishes in Galway, Ireland, in July 2012, the teams are scheduled to sail over  of the world’s most treacherous seas, and include locations such as Cape Town, Abu Dhabi, Sanya, Auckland, around Cape Horn to Itajaí, Miami, Lisbon, and Lorient.

References

Water sports
Sport in Spain
Alicante
The Vale of Rheidol Railway () is a  railway that runs for  between Aberystwyth and Devil's Bridge in the county of Ceredigion, Wales. The Vale of Rheidol Railway has never closed except during wars. The railway celebrated its 100 year anniversary in 2002.

References

Railway stations in the United Kingdom
1902 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Wales
Narrow gauge railways
The Chinese cobra (Naja atra), also called Taiwan cobra, is a species of cobra in the Elapidae family, found mostly in southern China and a couple of neighboring nations and islands. It is one of the most prevalent venomous snakes in Taiwan, which has caused snakebite incidents to humans.

Etymology and names
Naja atra was first described by Danish physician, zoologist, and botanist Theodore Edward Cantor in 1842.  The generic name naja is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word  () meaning "cobra".  The specific epithet atra comes from the Latin term ater, which means "dark", "black", or "gloomy".
In Mandarin Chinese, the snake is known as Zhōnghuá yǎnjìngshé (中華眼鏡蛇, lit. "Chinese spectacled snake", i.e. Chinese cobra), Zhōushān yǎnjìngshé (舟山眼鏡蛇, lit. "Zhoushan spectacled snake", i.e. Zhoushan cobra) or, in Guangdong and Hong Kong, fànchǎntóu (飯鏟頭, lit. "rice paddle head").  "Spectacled snake" refers to the markings which the snake may at times have on the back of the hood that resemble eyeglasses.  In Taiwanese, the snake is known as pn̄g-sî-chhèng (飯匙倩/銃, lit. "rice paddle ?"), ba̍k-kiàⁿ-chôa (目鏡蛇, lit. "spectacled snake", i.e. cobra), or tn̂g-ām-chôa (長頷蛇, lit. "long-chinned snake").

Description 

Naja atra is iridescent black with a number of distant transversal double lines of a yellow colour. The abdominal surface is pearl or slaty coloured.
This medium-sized snake is usually  long, but they can grow to a maximum length of  though this is rare. The dorsal color of the Chinese cobra is usually brown, grey or black, with or without narrow, light transverse lines at irregular intervals which are especially prominent in juveniles. The head on this species is broad, slightly triangular in shape and is slightly distinct from the neck. The dorsal scales are smooth and glossy, while the dorsolateral scales are strongly oblique. This is a heavy bodied snake, the body is slightly flattened, and may be significantly flattened when threatened, and it has a short tail. The nostrils of this species are large and prominent. The eyes are medium-sized and the iris is a dark dirty yellow dappled with gray-black or blue-black and the pupil is round and jet black. Like other elapids, this is a proteroglyphous snake with fangs that are permanently erect and are located at the anterior of the upper jaw
. The upper head is usually the same color as the tail and dorsal part of the body, while the sides of the head are lighter in colour. Specimens with other colors on their dorsal surface, such as white, yellow or brown do occur. There may be irregular or scattered crosslines of white to light gray along the upper body and a spectacle marking on the hood, however, the hood markings may vary from partial figures to asymmetrical patterns. The ventral head and neck are white to light gray or light orange in colour. The ventral face of the hood may have a pair of small dark spots followed by a dark transverse band.
There is some variation in the colour of the ventral body and tail: it may be white to gray, dark gray mottled with white, or blackish. The populations in different geographic regions of Taiwan reveal a unique composition of ventral colouration: the eastern population is exclusively blackish (100%), the central and southern populations are mainly white to gray (both 80%), and the proportions of blackish and white-gray morphs in the northern population are 60% and 30%, respectively.

Where it lives
This species is found in southeastern China (including the provinces of Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, and the Island province of Hainan), Hong Kong, northern Laos, northern Vietnam, and Taiwan, where it is much more common in the south.
Habitat
Its typical habitat is woodlands, shrublands, grasslands, and mangroves. This species is adaptable to a wide range of terrain including grassland plains, jungle, open fields and even heavily populated regions. As an adaptable species, it occurs in a wide variety of habitats across its range. It can be found in rice paddy fields in maritime lowlands to various types of montaine forests, though it avoids dark forest with closed canopy. In primary monsoon season and rain forests, Naja atra inhabits clearings and riverbanks. Higher population density is observed in the vicinity of human settlements, in secondary forests, and in rice paddy fields which are adjacent to forests. The species can be found anywhere from sea level all the way up to elevations of more than  above sea level. It usually hides under leaves, sticks, and rocks.
How it acts
The Chinese cobra is a very alert, seldom cornered, but if confronted will raise its forebody and spread its hood and strike readily if necessary. Adults can be very aggressive, but the younger tend to be more aggressive. The Chinese cobra usually escapes to avoid confrontation with humans, but strikes readily if provoked. The snake is terrestrial, diurnal and crepuscular which means it is active by day and twilight. This species has been observed hunting during all daylight periods and as late as 2–3 hours after sunset from March to October, with ambient temperatures of 20–32°C (68–90°F).
What it eats
The Chinese Cobra has a widely varied diet and it mainly preys on rodents such as mice and rats, frogs, toads and even other snakes. It is active during both the day and night. The diet of this snake is highly variable. It preys on any vertebrates from fish to mammals. Juveniles eat mosly amphibians, whereas adults usually prefer reptiles and mammals - during amphibian breeding periods, however, adult cobras eat mostly frogs or toads: the Cricket frog (Fejervarya limnocharis), the Common tree frog (Polypedates leucomystax), and the Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus).

Reproduction
It is oviparous. Mating and egg-laying periods are very extended.  The species has been observed mating in the mountains of the western Tonkin region, at elevations of  in the months of March through May. As recorded, gravid females will lay between 6 and 23 eggs sometime between May through to the end of July.
Venom
The Chinese cobra is a highly venomous member of the true cobras (genus Naja). Its venom consists mainly of postsynaptic neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. Four cardiotoxin-analogues I, II,  III,  and IV, account for about 54% of the dry weight of the crude venom and have cytotoxic properties. The LD50 values of its venom in mice are 0.29 mg/kg IV, and a range of 0.53 mg/kg - 0.67 mg/kg SC. The average venom yield from a snake of this species kept at a snake farm was about 250.8 mg (80 mg dry weight). Although this is not a spitting cobra, some rare individuals (mostly specimens from Guizhou Province) are capable of ejecting venom towards a threat within a distance of .
Local symptoms in victims caused by Chinese cobra are wound darkening, localized redness and swelling, pain, insensibility, and invariably blisters and necrosis. Necrosis is a serious problem in cases of cobra bite as it may persist for many years after the general recovery of the victim. The following systemic symptoms may also occur: chest discomfort, fever, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, loss of voice, weak feeling in limbs, walking haltingly, general ache, lockjaw, and difficulty in breathing. Fatality occasionally occurs. The antivenom is widely available and deaths are much rarer than they used to be.

Reference

Other websites 
Video of a Chinese cobra in a tunnel
Video of Chinese cobra found in Hong Kong
Venomous Snakes of Southern China 
CITES - NAJA SPECIES 
Snakes of Taiwan (Naja atra - Chinese cobra) 

Elapidae
Snakes of Asia
The robots exclusion standard (also called the robots exclusion protocol or robots.txt protocol) is a way of telling Web crawlers and other Web robots which parts of a Web site they can see.

To give robots instructions about which pages of a Web site they can access, site owners put a text file called robots.txt in the main directory of their Web site, e.g. http://www.example.com/robots.txt. This text file tells robots which parts of the site they can and cannot access. However, robots can ignore robots.txt files, especially malicious (bad) robots. If the robots.txt file does not exist, Web robots assume that they can see all parts of the site.

Examples of robots.txt files 
Google
YouTube
Wikipedia

References 

Internet protocols
A VOR station broadcasts a VHF radio signal including the identifier, voice, and navigation signal. The identifier is in Morse Code. The voice will have information from the station. The navigation signal allows the equipment to find a magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft. VOR stations in areas of magnetic unreliability are oriented to True North. A line of position is called the "radial" from the VOR. The crossing of two radials from different VOR stations provides the position of the aircraft. VOR signals have a range of about 200 miles.

References

Aviation infrastructure‎
Navigation
John Scottie Ferguson is a former detective. Scottie was in a chase and saw a policeman die after falling from a tall building. Scottie now has a fear of heights (acrophobia) and a sense of rotating (vertigo). Gavin Elster tells John to follow his wife, Madeleine. Galvin says she is behaving strangely. John observes and follows Madeleine. She buys flowers, goes to the grave of Carlotta Valdes (1831–1857), looks at a painting of Carlotta, and stays at a hotel. John learns from a historian that Corlatta killed herself. Gavin tells John that Carlotta was the great-grandmother of Madeleine. Gavin believes Carlotta possesses Madeleine. Madeline jumps into the San Francisco bay, and John rescues her. Madeleine tells about a nightmare. The location of the dream seems to be Mission San Juan Bautista. Scottie drives Madeleine there. They embrace and fall in love. Madeleine suddenly runs up the tower, falls, and dies. Scottie follows but is too dizzy to go up. The police call the death a suicide
. Scottie gets depressed and has to go to a hospital. He is released. He comes back to places that connect to Madeleine. He looks everywhere for women that look like her. He meets a woman called Judy. She looks like Madeleine. He wants to spend time with her.
Judy has a flashback. She is really the Madeleine Scottie knew. She was involved in a murder plot. The plan was to fake the suicide of the real Madeleine. Gavin knew that Scottie had a fear of heights. So Gavin knew Scottie would not go up the tower. As a result, Scottie wouldn't see Gavin throwing down his wife's body from the tower. Judy writes a letter telling Scottie about the murder plot but rips it up. 

Scottie wants to see Judy again. He is obsessed with "Madeleine". He makes Judy wear all the clothes of "Madeleine". Judy puts on the necklace of "Madeleine". Scottie realizes that Judy and "Madeleine" are the same person. He drives her to the mission. He makes Judy relive the murder scene. Judy admits that Galvin paid her to act like a "possessed" Madeleine. A nun scares Judy, and she falls and dies. Scottie is sad, but he no longer has a fear of heights.

Cast
Cast 

 James Stewart as John "Scottie" Ferguson
 Kim Novak as Judy Barton and Madeleine Elster
 Tom Helmore as Gavin Elster
 Barbara Bel Geddes as Marjorie "Midge" Wood
 Henry Jones as the coroner
 Raymond Bailey as Scottie's doctor
 Ellen Corby as the manager of the McKittrick Hotel
 Konstantin Shayne as bookstore owner Pop Leibel
 Lee Patrick as the car owner mistaken for Madeleine

Uncredited

 Margaret Brayton as the Ransohoff's saleslady
 Paul Bryar as Capt. Hansen (accompanies Scottie to coroner's inquest)
 Dave McElhatton as the radio announcer (alternative ending)
 Fred Graham as Scottie's police partner (falls from rooftop)
 Nina Shipman as the girl mistaken for Madeleine at the museum
 Sara Taft as nun during closing scene
Alfred Hitchcock makes a cameo appearance.
A major theme in Vertigo is obsession. Scottie seems to obsess with Madeleine. The camera often follows the eyes of Scottie. His eyes constantly gaze at Madeleine. With the suicide, Scottie ends up in a mental hospital. Afterwards, he always goes to objects and places that connect to Madeleine. Judy has to look exactly like Madeleine. The obsession is like a spiral. It creates a form of vertigo. Gavin also makes Madeleine obsess with Carlotta. The theme of obsession connects to death. The vertigo and images of spirals connect to the idea of falling to one's death. Death appears with tunnels and corridors. Hallways are also common elements in horror films. Another theme in the film is self-deception. Scottie was a detective. This is someone who tries to figure out the truth about crimes. Now he is following Madeleine like a detective. However, Madeleine is not real and Scottie is deceived. He also deceives himself through his obsession. He tries to create an image of Madeleine, but forgets reality
. Madness takes over. The film is very philosophical. Gender roles are important in the film. Some say the film is about male aggression and dominance. Another theme in the movie is lack of identity and wandering. Madeleine says that she is just wandering. When Scottie follows her, he also is wandering with her. He also says multiple times that he is just wandering. At one point, Madeleine seems to be driving in circles. Wandering means that they do not have a destination. There is no purpose or sense. The two are also unstable and do not understand themselves. This connects to the idea of vertigo and dizziness. The spirals in the film can connect to wandering without a destination.
Production

Development 
The film script (screenplay) is based on the French novel D'entre les morts (From Among the Dead) by Pierre Boileau and Thomas Narcejac. In the book, Judy reveals the murder plot at the climax. Judy reveals the plot two-thirds way in the film. This would show the internal conflict of Judy. Judy wants to be with Scottie, but also wants to stay away from him. Hitchcock wanted to delete the letter-writing scene, but it remained in the movie.

Writing 
Hitchock rejected the scripts of Maxwell Anderson and  Alec Coppel. He finally accepted the script of Samuel A. Taylor. Taylor created the character Midge. Both Taylor and Coppel were credited in the film.

Casting 
Vera Miles was supposed to perform as Madeleine. Hitchcock got sick and Miles became pregnant. Kim Novak took the lead role.
Filming 
The movie was filmed in San Francisco and the San Francisco Bay Area. There are several notable shooting sites: Mission San Juan Bautista, Fort Point, underneath the Golden Gate Bridge, the California Palace of the Legion of Honor, Big Basin Redwoods State Park, the Palace of Fine Arts, Coit Tower, and Pebble Beach. There was outdoor shooting for 16 days and then studio shooting for several months.

Music 
Bernard Hermann composed the score for the film. This is one of his most notable music compositions for film.
Reception 
The movie received mixed reviews at first. Some praised the film. Others did not like the structure of the film. Over time, the film has gotten much more praise by critics. In a 2002 Sight & Sound poll, Vertigo was ranked the second greatest film after Citizen Kane (1941). In 1962 and 1972, the film was on the top ten list of Sight & Sound. In 2012, Vertigo was considered the best film ever made. The film is studied by critics and is popular with audiences. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 94%. Vertigo is the favorite film of Martin Scorsese. The film is on the following American Film Institute lists: 
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (1998) #61
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills (2001) #18
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions (2002) #18
 AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores (2005) #12
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) (2007)  #9
 AFI's 10 Top 10  (2008) #1 Mystery

Other Websites
Other Websites  

 Vertigo on IMDb 
 Vertigo Quotes 
 Vertigo Script/Screenplay 
 Vertigo at AllMovie
 Vertigo at Filmsite 
 Vertigo at the American Film Institute Catalog 
 Vertigo at Rotten Tomatoes

Notes

References

1958 movies
1950s mystery movies
1950s psychological movies
1950s thriller movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies about murderers
Movies composed by Bernard Herrmann
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies about suicide
United States National Film Registry movies
Paramount Pictures movies
"The Conqueror Worm" is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe. It is about human mortality and the fact that death cannot be stopped.  It was first published in Graham's Magazine in 1843. It was incorporated into Poe's short story "Ligeia" in 1845.  In the revised story, the poem is composed by Ligeia. She teaches it to the narrator during her death throes.

Story 
Weeping angels watch a play performed by "mimes, in the form of God on high", and controlled by vast formless shapes looming behind the scenes. The mimes chase a "Phantom" which they can never capture. Finally, a monstrous "crawling shape" emerges, and eats the mimes.  The final curtain comes down, "a funeral pall," signaling an end to the "tragedy, 'Man'" whose only hero is "The Conqueror Worm".
Interpretation
Though Poe was referring to an ancient connection between worms and death, he may have been inspired by "The Proud Ladye", a poem by Spencer Wallis Cone which was reviewed in an 1840 issue of Burton's Gentleman's Magazine. That poem contained the lines "Let him meet the conqueror worm / With his good sword by his side".

Role in "Ligeia"

The poem plays an important symbolic role as part "Ligeia." The poem is written by Ligeia as she is dying, though it is actually recited by the narrator, her husband.
Because it emphasizes the finality of death, it calls to question Ligeia's resurrection in the story.  Also, the inclusion of the bitter poem may have been meant to be ironic or a parody of the convention at the time, both in literature and in life.  In the mid-19th century it was common to emphasize the sacredness of death and the beauty of dying (consider Charles Dickens's Little Johnny character in Our Mutual Friend and the death of Helen Burns in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre).  Instead, Ligeia speaks of fear personified in the "blood-red thing."

"The Conqueror Worm" also uses the word "evermore", which would later evolve into "nevermore" in Poe's famous poem "The Raven" in 1845.
Publication history
"The Conqueror Worm" was first published as a stand-alone poem in the January 1843 issue of Graham's Magazine. Shortly after, it was included among several other poems by Poe in the February 25 issue of the Saturday Museum in a feature called "The Poets & Poetry of Philadelphia: Edgar Allan Poe". It was later included in Poe's poetry collection The Raven and Other Poems in 1845. That same year, it was incorporated into "Ligeia" for the first time when the story was reprinted in the February 15, 1845, issue of the New York World. "Ligeia" was again republished with "The Conqueror Worm" in the September 27, 1845, issue of The Broadway Journal while Poe was its editor. This was not unusual for Poe, who had also incorporated poems "The Coliseum" and "To One in Paradise" into tales.

Adaptations
The British horror movie Witchfinder General was retitled The Conqueror Worm for US release. It was not based on Poe's poem.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Reading by Classic Poetry Aloud (MP3)
The Conqueror Worm: A Study Guide
 Project Gutenberg Etext containing The Conqueror Worm 

Poems by Edgar Allan Poe
1840s poems
Tania Khalill (stage name Tânia Calil Padis Campos, July 8, 1977 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian actress.

Biography 

Emiliano is the daughter of a pediatrician and psychologist Terezinha Campos Campos Calil (the Calil's name, she turned into Khalill), São Paulo, created in the neighborhood of Partridges, is the second of three daughters, descendants of Spaniards and Lebanese.

As a teenager he studied Brazilian Baptist College. In 2000, Tania graduated in psychology at the University Mackenzie, because his family was important to go to college, but has never practiced the craft.

Tania practiced ballet for 16 years, between 6 and 22 years, danced professionally for five in the Paulista Dance Company, formed by the classical ballet dancer Paula Castro, lived for five months in Cuba to study at the National School Ballet of Cuba, one of the most respected in the world. He also starred in advertising campaigns, although part of the casting of the Elite modeling agency, has never walked the catwalks.
In 2002 premiered on television in the supporting cast of the soap opera, Sabor da Paixão. In 2004 he participated in the show Galera, TV Cultura, a history teacher making and interprets it the first character of their prominence, the samba Nalva Ferrari in the novel Senhora do Destino, of Aguinaldo Silva, a role that was rumored to Scheila Carvalho and Luma de Oliveira. In 2006, Nikki Ortega lived, a heel in Cobras & Lagartos. In 2008, participated in serious Casos e Acasos and Guerra e Paz. In 2009, around the novels, playing the passionate Duda in Caminho das Índias.
It was the cover of magazines: Boa Forma, Claudia, Manequim, Corpo a Corpo, among others. Sensual held for VIP magazine, with cover of the publication in September 2004, was still present in the list of one hundred sexiest women in the world in the same magazine that year was also considered one of the 25 sexiest women in the annual ranking of the journal This is People in 2004 and 2009. She refused the invitation of men's magazine Playboy to pose nude.

In 2010 Great Little attended the show, the children's musical based on the book was titled CD released by Jair Oliveira in 2009 and was nominated for a Grammy Latino in the same year. We recently debuted the piece ?, with text by Mario Viana and opposite Dalton Vigh.
In 2010 the actress involved with a children's project, launched in October, Acampamento de Férias 2 - A Arvore da Vida, where he plays Debora. In the movie, the actress will work with Murilo Rosa and Isaiah Washington in the sci-fi Area Q, a co-production between Brazil and the United States, which deals with the appearance of aliens in Quixadá and Quixeramobim, Ceará cities. She will live Valkyrie, a reporter at the service of self-interested superpower. The movie is directed by Gerson Sanginitto Halder Gomes and production of the recordings take place in Ceará and Los Angeles.

In 2011 was in the telenovela Fina Estampa, playing the teacher Letícia. In 2012 interpreted the turquoise Ayla in the telenovela Salve Jorge of Glória Perez.
Personal life 
On December 10, 2005, married the singer Jair Oliveira, who in childhood was part of the group Turma do Balão Mágico, known then as Jairzinho in the church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help in São Paulo, officiating a marriage that lasted four years, she met her husband when he sang in a bar in São Paulo. Jair Before, she had three boyfriends long. The couple have two daughters, Isabella, born July 10, 2007 in São Luiz hospital, and Laura born March 5, 2011 in São Luiz hospital, as well as his sister.

References

Other websites 

1977 births
Living people
Brazilian actors
Hazrat Hafiz Barkhurdar (1658–1707), was a Punjabi Sufi Jatt poet from the village of Takhat Hazara in Sargodha District in modern-day Pakistan. His shrine where he was buried stands in the village of Chitti Sheikhan in Sialkot District. 

He was the first person to give name 'Punjabi' to the language of Punjab in 1672 A.D. 

Punjabi people
1658 births
1707 deaths
Sargodha District
Sufis
Mindless Behavior is an American boy band. They are best known for the singles "My Girl" and "Mrs. Right", which were produced by Walter Millsap. The band was put together in Los Angeles in 2008, by Keisha Gamble, Walter Millsap (who has previously worked with Beyoncé and Timbaland) and Vincent Herbert (Lady Gaga, Toni Braxton). The band trained in dance and singing for two years before releasing anything. The members are all in their early teens.  They performed "My Girl" on The Today Show in November 2010. Their first album,  #1 Girl, was released on September 20, 2011. It appeared on the Billboard 200 album chart at number 7.

Mindless Behavior toured with the Backstreet Boys, Justin Bieber and Jason Derülo. They were the opening act for Janet Jackson's 2011 tour. 
This Must Be Pop says that it thinks Mindless Behavior will be future stars.

Members of the band 
EJ 
Princeton 
Mike

References

Other websites 

American boy bands
American R&B bands
hip hop bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
The rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) is a species of bird in the Corvidae (crow) family. The rufous treepie is native to the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining parts of Southeast Asia from Pakistan to Vietnam. Woodland, forest edges and gardens are the habitat of this species. It feeds on various fruits, insects and carrion.

Distribution and subspecies 

The rufous treepie builds its nest 6−8 meters above the ground in trees. Both male and female take turns breeding and feeding the young. There are usually 3-5 eggs laid. After the young have hatched, the remain with their parents for several months. Rufous treepies form pair bonds for life.
The species was first described in 1790 by John Latham. A previous description as "Dendrocitta rufa" is not valid. It belongs to the Treepie genus Dendrocitta which is Southeast Asian in distribution. According to ornithologist Derek Goodwin, the rufous treepie may be closely allied to the hooded treepie (D. frontalis). There are eight recognized subspecies.
There are no estimates for the population of this species. It is common throughout its range, but rare in Vietnam.

Description 
The Rufous Treepie is shorter and smaller than the European magpie. The head, neck and breast are grey, although sometimes they are slightly brown. The underparts and lower back are orange-brown. The tail is a light blue color with a black tip. The bill, legs and feet are black.

Sources
Sources

Literature 
 Salím Ali, S. Dillon Ripley: Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 5: Larks to the Grey Hypocolius. Oxford University Press, London 1972.
 Joseph del Hoyo, Andrew Elliot, David Christie (Hrsg.):  Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2009, .

References 

Corvids
Birds of India
Birds of Asia
RecordTV, formerly Rede Record, or simply Record, is a Brazilian television network, launched by Paulo Machado de Carvalho on 1953, and bought by bishop and entrepreneur Edir Macedo on 1989.

References

Other websites 
 Official page 
 

Brazilian television networks
The Greater Los Angeles area is centered on the county of Los Angeles, California. The term is defined to refer to the area from Ventura to the southern border of Orange County, and from the Pacific Ocean to the Inland Empire. The Greater Los Angeles area includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Inland Empire, and Ventura County. The term "Greater Los Angeles" does not include San Diego and Imperial counties. 

The United States Census Bureau has named the five county region as the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA combined statistical area. The Los Angeles metropolitan area has a total area of . The wider combined statistical area covers . More than half of this is the thinly populated eastern areas of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.

Main cities 
The following is a list of main cities in the Greater Los Angeles Area with their population in 2020.

Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana MSA

Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario MSA
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura MSA 
 Oxnard (202,063)
 Thousand Oaks (126,966)
 Simi Valley  (126,356)
 Ventura (110,763)
 Camarillo (70,741)

References

Metropolitan areas of the United States
Walter Chauncey Camp (April 17, 1859 – March 14, 1925) was an American football player, coach, and sports writer.  He is known as the "Father of American Football".

Early life 

Camp was born in New Haven, Connecticut on April 17, 1859. His parents were Leverett and Ellen Camp. He attended Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven. He went to Yale in 1876. He graduated in 1880.

Career 
Camp played college football at Yale from 1876 to 1882. He was head football coach at Yale from 1888 to 1892. He was in the first class to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. 

Camp's football inventions include the eleven-man team and the gridiron marking of the field. He also invented the line of scrimmage and the modern point system. He invented the "All-American team" of college players. "All-American" has since become a part of American-English. In time, he began to think of American football as his private property. He did not want new additions to the game, like the forward pass.
Personal life 
He stayed at Yale for two more years to study medicine. He started working for a watch company in 1882. In 1888, he married Alice Graham Sumner. They had two children. In 1903, he became president of the watch company. Camp died of a heart attack on March 15, 1925 in New York City, New York, aged 65.

Notes

References

Other websites 

 

1859 births
1925 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American football coaches
College Football Hall of Fame
American football players
Sportspeople from Connecticut
Jessica Ellen Cornish (born 27 March 1988), better known by her stage name Jessie J, is an English singer and songwriter. She was born and raised in London where she studied at the BRIT School before signing with Gut Records.

Jessie J became better known after the release of her debut single "Do It Like a Dude" which peaked at number two in the UK. She achieved her first number one in the UK, France, Ireland and New Zealand with the song "Price Tag". After those two singles, she released her debut album Who You Are in 2011. The album charted at number two in the UK. Other singles from the album included "Nobody's Perfect", "Who's Laughing Now" and "Who You Are" which charted within the top 20 in the UK but the release of fifth single "Domino" became international chart success, peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming her second UK number one. She is the first British female artist to have six top ten singles on one album.
Jessie J has written songs for other singers such as Chris Brown and Miley Cyrus.

Jessie J is recognized for an unconventional musical and performing style. It mixes her soul voice with contemporary R&B, pop music and hip-hop influences. She has several awards and nominations. These include the 2011 Critics' Choice BRIT Award and the BBC's Sound of 2011. As of April 2012, Jessie has sold over 11 million singles and 2.5 million albums worldwide.

On 4 October 2011, Jessie said that she will be one of four coaches for new BBC program, The Voice UK. The other coaches are will.i.am (of The Black Eyed Peas), Tom Jones and Danny O'Donoghue (of The Script).
Personal life
Asked about her bisexuality in an interview on the "In Demand" radio show on 3 March 2011, Jessie J stated, "I've never denied it. Whoopie doo guys, yes, I've dated girls and I've dated boys – get over it." According to The Guardian, Jessie J's sexuality is valuable to young teens, especially for young girls unsure of themselves because of their sexuality and identity, to feel "that this does happen and this is normal." In April 2014, Jessie J renounced her bisexuality in an interview with Daily Mirror's "3am" celebrity tabloid; "For me, it was a phase. But I'm not saying bisexuality is a phase for everybody", she said.

On 12 June 2011, at the Capital Radio Summertime Ball, Jessie ruptured several tendons in her foot during rehearsals. She performed for several weeks while sitting on a gilded throne.

Discography 
 Who You Are (2011)
 Alive (2013)
 Sweet Talker (2014)
 R.O.S.E. (2018)

References

Other websites
 Jessie J – official website
1988 births
Living people
English pop singers
British R&B musicians
English singer-songwriters
People from the London Borough of Redbridge
Singers from London
Synth-pop singers
The Pentamerone or Lo cunto de li cunti overo lo trattenemiento de peccerille (The Tale of Tales, or Entertainment for Little Ones) is a seventeenth-century collection of fairy tales by Giambattista Basile. The collection consists of a frame story and 49 fairy tales. Ten old women tell the tales over five days. The collection contains many famous fairy tale types such as "Cinderella" and "Puss in Boots".

References 
 Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 377-8.

Other websites 
 "La vita di Giambattista Basile"  (in Italian)
 The complete text of Lo cunto de li cunti  (in Neapolitan)
 
 SurLaLune Fairy Tale Pages: Il Pentamerone by Giambattista Basile
 Illustrations  by George Cruikshank
 Professor S. Cicciotti's page about G. B. Basile (in Italian)
 Online text of some stories, in English (from Taylor translation) 

Fairy tales
Collections of fairy tales
Curling is a sport played on ice. Players slide curling stones on the ice towards a target, called the house. There are two teams with four players on each team. Each team slides eight stones, this is called an end. After an end the team with the stone closest to the centre of the house (target) scores points. The game is over after eight or ten ends. The team with the most points is the winner.

The player sliding the stone can make it turn or curl slowly. Two other players on the team sweep the ice in front of the stone with brooms. This is to make the stone stop in the right place.

Curling is played at the Winter Olympics.

History

Curling was invented in Scotland in medieval times. It was played outside in the winter because there was lots of ice. Today curling is played all over Europe and in many other countries such as Canada, the United States, Japan and South Korea.

Curling was played at the Winter Olympics for the first time in 1998.

Equipment
Equipment

The ice is called a curling sheet. It is a rectangular sheet of flat ice, between 146 and 150 feet (45-46 metres) long and 14.5 to 15.5 feet (4.4-5.0 metres) wide. The house, or target, is marked at the end of the sheet by coloured rings. The rings help players to aim for the centre of the house. They are also useful to decide which stone is closest to the centre when scoring. There is also a hack at the end of the sheet which players push against when sliding a stone.

Curling stones are made of granite. They are heavy, weighing 38-40 pounds (17-20kg). There is a handle on the top of each stone to help slide and turn the stone. The handles are different colours for each team. The stones are usually red for one team and yellow for the other team.

Curling brooms or brushes are used to sweep the ice in front of the stone when it is sliding.

Players wear special shoes for curling. One shoe has a smooth surface for sliding on the ice and the other rough.

Gameplay
Gameplay

The purpose of the game is to score points by getting stones close to the centre of the house. Players from each team take turns to slide a stone towards the house. This is called delivering or throwing a stone. An end is completed when all stones have been delivered. There are eight stones for each team. The winner is the team with the most points after all ends have been played. There are usually eight or ten ends.

Delivery and sweeping
The captain of the team is called the skip. The skip chooses how hard the stone should be delivered, the direction of delivery, and the amount of turn (curl) that the stone should be given. The skip can choose to aim the stone for the house, hit one of the other team's stones out of play, or make a stone stop before the house as a guard if their team has a stone in a good position.
The player delivering the stone starts at the hack. The skip stands at the other end of the curling sheet behind the house. The skip shows where to aim the stone. The other two players sweep the ice in front of the stone as it slides. The players take turns to deliver stones. When the skip is delivering a stone another player stands behind the house instead.

To deliver a stone the player puts one foot on the hack. The player lines up towards the skip. The stone is on the ice in front of the foot in the hack. The player then slides the stone back before sliding forwards on their other foot. The player lets go of the stone, gently turning the handle just before letting go to give the stone curl.

Then the other players can sweep the stone. Sweeping helps the stone to travel faster, and makes it curl less. The aim of sweeping is to help the stone stop in the right place.

Scoring
Scoring

Points are scored at when an end has finished. The team with the stone closest to the centre of the house wins the end. The team scores one point for every stone that is closer to the centre than the other team's closest stone.

Only stones that are in the house count for scoring. If it is difficult to see which stone is closest to the centre of the house there are special measuring devices to help.

Sometimes neither team scores any points, this is called a blank end.

Related pages
 Winter Olympics

References

Other websites
 World Curling Federation website

 
Winter Olympic sports
Ice sports
Indoor sports
Drive-Thru is a 2007 horror movie, directed by Brendan Cowles and Shane Kuhn, starring Leighton Meester and Nick D'Agosto. It is set in Orange County, California and involves a serial killing clown mascot Horny the Clown. The movie was released on May 29, 2007.

2007 movies
American horror movies
English-language movies
Lionsgate movies
The Muppets is a 2011 American musical comedy movie. It starred Jason Segel and Amy Adams. The movie was directed by James Bobin. It was made by Walt Disney Pictures. It involves The Muppets reuniting to put on a show in order to save their theater from a businessman who wants to tear it down to drill for oil.

2011 movies
American comedy movies
American musical movies
Muppets
Disney movies
English-language movies
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Bret Peter Tarrant McKenzie (born 26 June 1976) is a New Zealand comedian, actor, musician and producer. He is best known as one half of the Grammy Award-winning comedy duo Flight of the Conchords with Jemaine Clement. For The Muppets (2011), he won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. He also played Lindir in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit movie trilogy.

McKenzie was born in Wellington. He has two children with his wife, publicist Hannah Clarke.

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Movie producers
New Zealand comedians
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand singers
New Zealand television actors
Actors from Wellington
Peter Szymon Serafinowicz ( /sɛrəˈfɪnəwɪtʃ/; born 10 July 1972) is an English actor, comedian, writer, composer, voice artist, television producer and writer. He was born in Liverpool. He is married to Sarah Alexander; the couple have a son and daughter together.

Other websites 

1972 births
Living people
Actors from Liverpool
English movie actors
English television actors
English television producers
English television writers
English voice actors
Writers from Liverpool
Pease 1 is a planetary nebula. It is in the globular cluster Messier 15 in the constellation of Pegasus. It is the first planetary nebula discovered within a globular cluster. Three more have been discovered in other clusters.

References

Nebulae
Roller skating is a physical activity on roller skates. Roller skating is also a sport when the skaters form a team and compete in events such as roller hockey or roller derby. Roller skating is also performed with certain styles of music and dance steps such as Jam Skating.

The wheels on roller skates are laid out similar to a skateboard, containing a set of trucks and cushions to allow for turning.

Skating
The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a is a selection of 8 musical numbers Tchaikovsky made from The Nutcracker ballet for a concert performance before the St. Petersburg branch of the Musical Society on March 19, 1892.  Every number was acclaimed and repeated, and the suite became an instant hit. The complete ballet was first performed on December 17, 1892.  It was not a success. It did not gain any popularity until George Balanchine staged a production in New York City. The suite however was very popular in concert. It was featured in Disney's Fantasia. The Nutcracker Suite should not be mistaken for the complete ballet. 

The numbers chosen by Tchaikovsky for The Nutcracker Suite and their sequence within the suite are as follows:
I. Miniature Overture
II. Danses caractéristiques
a. Marche
b. Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairy [ending altered from ballet-version]
c. Russian Dance (Trepak)
d. Arabian Dance
e. Chinese Dance
f. Reed-Flutes
III. Waltz of the Flowers

References
References 

Compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Suites
Oops!... I Did It Again is the second album released by American pop music singer Britney Spears on Jive Records. 
Four singles were released from the album, the title track, "Lucky", "Stronger", and "Don't Let Me Be The Last To Know". 
It also features the first song Britney had a hand in writing, titled "Dear Diary".

2000 albums
Britney Spears albums
Jive Records was an American recording imprint known for rap and pop music artists and albums. 
It was folded into RCA Records in 2011.

References 

American record labels
The Million Pound Drop Live is a British quiz show. It began on 24 May 2010 and is shown on Channel 4. It is presented by Davina McCall.

International versions

Other websites 
Official website

2010 establishments in the United Kingdom
2010 British television series debuts
2010s British television series
British television game shows
Channel 4 television programmes
Television quiz shows
English-language television programs