Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
One Museum Park is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 224 meters (734 feet) tall and has 62 floors.  It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in Chicago

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in Chicago
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites 
 Emporis.com - One Museum Park
 SkycraperPage.com – One Museum Park

Skyscrapers in Chicago
2009 establishments in Illinois
Olympia Centre is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 221 meters (725 feet) tall and has 63 floors.  It was built in 1986 and is one of the tallest buildings in Chicago

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in Chicago
 List of tallest buildings in the world

References

Other websites 
 Emporis.com - Olympia Centre
 SkycraperPage.com – Olympia Centre

Skyscrapers in Chicago
1986 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Illinois
The color of the day is a signal used by undercover officers of some big city police departments in the USA. It is used to identify undercover officers. It is mostly known to be used by the New York City Police Department (NYPD), the NYPD Transit Bureau (which was called the New York City Transit Police) and the NYPD Housing Bureau (which was called the New York City Housing Authority Police Department) and other law enforcement agencies when they are at work in New York City. An undercover police officer will wear a headband, wristband or other piece of clothing in the same color as the "color of the day"; this color is told to officers at the precinct before they start work. The system is for officer safety and first started during the violence of 1970s and 1980s New York City. The color of the day system is not known by most of the public but it is written about a lot by newspapers, and by writers and can sometimes be seen on episodes of television shows such as NYPD Blue and recently Law and Order: SVU.
Purpose 

New York City is a very large metropolitan city with a population of over 8,310,000 people with over 18,800,000 people living in the area around it. An extra 500,000 people enter the city during a weekday. It has many police and law enforcement officers such as; the NYPD, the (MTA) Police (that used to be called the Metro North Commuter Railroad Police), the Port Authority Police, the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and U.S. Customs and others. The color of the day system is about officer safety. With so many armed officers in the city, undercover police officers need to have an easy to use system in place so that other armed officers know that they are there and do not shoot them when they use their guns. The system is also used so that a uniformed officer will not disturb a person who is really an undercover police officer who is acting as a homeless person so that criminals will rob him.

History
The NYPD Street Crimes Unit started in 1971. During the late 1970s, the 1980s and early 1990s, New York City had a lot more crime than it does today.  Undercover officers were asked to go into the subways in plain-clothes or dressed as a homeless person to hide the fact that they were police. Many of these officers were black and had a fear that as they looked like civilian homeless people that uniformed officers would think that they were criminals if they used their guns. Many of these officers would dress and pretend to be drunk homeless people or as victims in order to catch muggers who were attacking them due to being unable to help themselves. The color of the day system was made to make these officers fear this less and was used by all undercover police officers. At the beginning headbands were given out to each street crime unit member, that were in the color of the day: beginning the use of the color of the day system. Later this included wristbands and today's officers often dress in the color: i.e
.e.: T-shirts, shoes, and hats.
Knowledge by others 

The color of the day recognition system is written about by authors and people who study the police in schools but it is not often known about by most people in New York. Books that talk about it are Roger Abell's The Black Shields (a discussion of African American policing in New York), Greg Faliis' Just the Facts Ma'am, and Leslie Glass' novel, A Killing Gift.

Related pages
Street Crimes Unit
Police

Notes

References
NYPD'S (New York Police Department) Street Crime Unit by J J Breslin, published in Police Product News 1979
Changes, Real and Imagined in the NYPD  by Jim Fay ENN NYC-NJ Metro Correspondent

Other websites
New York Police Department
Federal Bureau of Investigation

Communication
Law enforcement in the United States
Law enforcement techniques
Titanoboa cerrejonensis is the largest known snake.  Now extinct, the snake was a relative of the anaconda and the boa constrictor.  It was about 43 feet long (13 m), and weighed over a ton (about 1135 kg or 2,500 pounds).  The snake lived in the Palaeocene epoch, about 58 million years ago.  It ate crocodiles.

The fossil was found in an open-cast coal mine in Colombia, in 2009. Plant fossils at the site proved the climate at the time was a tropical rainforest. The site was in the Cerrejón Formation in La Guajira, Colombia. Other large reptile fossils have been found at this site.

Researchers found three skulls of the snake in 2002. A life-size replica is on view at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. It was sent on a world tour to be shown at various museums.
Habitat 
Titanoboa lived in the first recorded tropical forest in South America. It shared the ecosystem with large Crocodylomorpha and large turtles. The paleogeography of the late Paleocene was a sheltered paralic (coastal) swamp, with an open connection to the proto-Caribbean in the north. In this environment tropical aquatic ferns like Salvinia flourished. The ferns were found as fossils in the Bogotá Formation and the Palermo Formation.

Related pages 
Gigantophis

References 

Fossils
Boidae
"Poker Face" is a song by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. It was first released in 2008 in her debut album, The Fame. Later, it was released as the album's second single, after "Just Dance".

The song has been very successful worldwide, reaching #1 in over 20 countries, including the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and Germany.  It finished as the best-performing single of 2009 in the United Kingdom and the second-best performing in the US and Canada.  "Poker Face" has sold over 7.5 million copies in the United States as of February 2018. 

The song has won Gaga several awards, including Best Dance Recording at the Grammy Awards in 2010.  On November 30, 2015, the song was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) in the US for sales and streams equal to 10 million copies in that country alone.
In an interview with Barbara Walters, she said that this song is about dealing with bisexuality. The lyrics "Bluffin' with my muffin" are about her fantasizing about women when having sex with her boyfriend. In a Carpool Karaoke segment of The Late Late Show with James Corden, where Corden and Gaga sang several of her songs as they played on the radio, Gaga revealed that she wrote "Poker Face" in only ten minutes.

Gaga has performed the song at all of her major concert tours, at her Super Bowl LI Halftime show, and at the Coachella Music Festival in April 2017, and at her Enigma/Jazz + Piano residency in Las Vegas.

Music video 
The song's music video features Gaga at a resort performing choreography with dancers. Two Great Danes are shown at the beginning of the video.

On June 11, 2022, the music video passed one billion views on YouTube, becoming Gaga's third music video to reach this, after "Bad Romance" and "Shallow".

Certifications

References
References 

2008 songs
Lady Gaga songs
Weezer songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
LGBT songs
Dance-pop songs
The Abitur (from Latin abire = go away) is a final exam in Germany, Lithuania and the Czech Republic at the end for the secondary education. The Abitur takes usually 12 or 13 years. The official term in Germany for this certificate is Allgemeine Hochschulreife. The Abiturzeugnis get pupils when they passed the final exams. It formally enables the possibility to attend a university.

es:Sistema de educación de Alemania#Sector secundario II
Examinations
The Bavarian army (German: Bayerische Armee, Bavarian: Boarische Armee) was the army of the Electorate of Bavaria. It was also the army of the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1803 onwards. In 1919, the army came together with the army of the German Empire.

Bavaria
Armies
The Fanjunkare is a military rank in some countries. In the German air force and the German army it is the rank of Officer Candidates.

Military ranks
The Republic of Taiwan was a short-lived republic on the island of Taiwan. It is also called in ; which means "Democratic State of Taiwan". In English it was also called the: Formosan Republic, Taiwan Republic and the Republic of Formosa.

The Republic of Taiwan was formed in 1895. It did not last for very long. The Treaty of Shimonoseki which ended the war between the Qing Dynasty of China and the Empire of Japan, gave Taiwan to the Japanese. The republic began when the Chinese left in May, 1895, and ended when the Japanese soldiers arrived in October, 1896. Some historians say it was the first republic in Asia, but there was one earlier, the Lanfang Republic, which had been started in 1777.
The republic was started by a group of high officials and local people who still supported the Qing. They wanted to stop the Japanese take over of Taiwan. On May 24, 1895 the new republic sent a copy of its declaration of independence to all the embassies on Taiwan. The next day the new government held an independence ceremony. The Republic of Taiwan made their own stamps. They also printed their own paper money, which is now very hard to find.

They were always loyal to the Qing, and said that the Republic would be part of the Qing state. The first president of the Republic of Taiwan was the old governor, Tang Ching-sung, who served from May 25, 1895 to June 5, 1895. The second president was Liu Yung-fu, June 5, 1895 – October 21, 1896.

When the Japanese soldiers invaded Taiwan there was a lot of fighting. They quickly defeated the new republic. Most of the republic's official quickly left the island.
The modern Taiwan independence groups want to start a new Republic of Taiwan. They say that there is no connection between them and the 1895 Republic. The first Republic of Taiwan was loyal to China, but the new Republic of Taiwan would be started to be independent of China.

Presidents
 T'ang Ching-sung (23 May 1895 – 5 June 1895)
 Liu Yung-fu (5 June 1895 – 21 October 1896)

References

1895 establishments
1896 disestablishments
1890s establishments in Asia
1890s disestablishments in Asia
Former countries in Asia
History of Taiwan
States and territories established in the 19th century
States and territories disestablished in the 19th century
Establishments in Taiwan
Bad Wiessee is a spa town on Lake Tegernsee in Bavaria, Germany.

Bad Wiessee is known for the murder of Ernst Röhm on the "Night of the Long Knives".

References

Other websites 

 The town of Bad-Wiessee - official web site 

Spa towns in Germany
Towns in Bavaria
Miesbach (district)
is a video game character from the Star Fox series.  He was created by Shigeru Miyamoto and designed by Takaya Imamura. He is a red fox and the main character of the series.  

In the English version of Star Fox 64, he was voiced by Mike West. In both the Japanese version of Star Fox 64 and Super Smash Bros., Fox's voices were done by Shinobu Satouchi. For English dialogue of Super Smash Bros. Melee and Star Fox Adventures, Fox's voice was done by Steve Malpass. In Star Fox: Assault and Super Smash Bros. Brawl, his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English version and by Kenji Nojima in the Japanese version.

Fictional characters introduced in 1993
Nintendo video game characters
Star Fox
Martina Sáblíková  (born 27 May 1987 in Nové Město na Moravě) is a Czech speedskater, specializing in long distance races. She is the elder sister of fellow speedskater Milan Sáblík.

In 2007 she won her first major tournament, the 2007 European Speed Skating Championships in Collalbo, with an outdoor world record samalog score 162.954 points. She won both the 3,000 m and the 5,000 m in an outdoor world record time. She did not perform so well at the World alround championships in Heerenveen, where she finished fifth, but she managed to win the 2006–07 Speed Skating World Cup on the 3,000 and 5,000 m track. At the end of the season she won two gold medals at the 2007 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships in Salt Lake City on 3,000 m and 5,000 m tracks. She also beat here the 5,000 m track world record and set it for 6:45.61, 1.3 seconds faster than the previous record of Claudia Pechstein.
Other websites
 at SpeedSkatingResults.com
 Martina Sáblíková - official website 
 Photos of Martina Sablikova 

Czech sportspeople
1987 births
Living people
Dianetics is an alternative mental health therapy created by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard, who published a book about it  in 1950 with the title "Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health". It is about the way people think.  Hubbard also started the religion of Scientology, which uses Dianetics.

The photo at the right shows a person learning about Dianetics by doing a stress test. The idea of the stress test is to show people something in their own minds.

Most psychologists think that Dianetics is a pseudoscience. That means that it is not really a science, and it only looks like one.

Scientology
Amy MacDonald is a Scottish singer and songwriter.  She became famous in 2007 with her first album This Is The Life and her first single "Poison Prince".  She has become even more successful in Europe since her single "This Is The Life" charted at number 1 in many European countries.

Awards

Discography
 This Is the Life (2007)
 A Curious Thing (2010)
 Life in a Beautiful Light (2012)

Living people
1987 births
Scottish singer-songwriters
Musicians from East Dunbartonshire
The Hungarian Wikipedia (In Hungarian: Wikipédia) is the Hungarian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition began in July 2003.

It is 24th largest edition.

It currently has over 180,000 articles.

References

Other websites 
 Hungarian Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
The Ukrainian Wikipedia (, Ukrayins’ka Vikipediya) is the Ukrainian language edition of the Wikipedia online encyclopedia.

It started in 2004 and is the 14th largest edition by article count.

References

Other websites 
The Ukrainian Wikipedia's Main Page

Wikipedias
An Adjutant is a military rank in some armies. Adjutants support the Officers.

The word Adjutant is first time used in the French army. Adjutants worked there for the Majors as an assistant.

Military ranks
The word Freikorps (German for "Free Corps") was first used for voluntary armies in Germany. After World War I the term was used for paramilitary units. The Freikorps got famous at the time of the Weimar Republic to fight in some towns against Communism.

First Freikorps
The first freikorps were started by Frederick II of Prussia in the eighteenth century during the Seven Years' War. Other freikorps were started during the Napoleonic Wars and were commanded by people such as Ferdinand von Schill and later Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow. The freikorps were thought to be not reliable by regular armies and were mostly used as guards and for minor duties.

Post-World War I
Post-World War I

The meaning of the word changed over time. After 1918, the word was used for the paramilitary organizations that were started in Germany by soldiers who came home after losing World War I. They were the main paramilitary groups during that time. Many of these returning soldiers were not able to return to a normal life, and joined a Freikorps to again be a part of a military structure. Others were angry at losing the war and joined to fight against Communists or get revenge. They were liked and supported by Minister of Defence Gustav Noske, a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, who used them to stop the German Revolution and the Marxist Spartacist League, and also to murder Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg on 15 January 1919. They were also used to defeat the Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919.
In 1920, Adolf Hitler had started his political work as the leader of the very small and unknown German Workers Party (that was soon called the National Socialist German Workers Party, NSDAP (or Nazi Party)) in Munich. Many people who would join this party had been in the Freikorps, including Ernst Röhm, future leader of the Sturmabteilung, or SA, and Rudolf Höß, the future Commander of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Hermann Ehrhardt, who started the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt, and his deputy Commander, Eberhard Kautter, did not want to help Hitler and Erich von Ludendorff in the Beer Hall Putsch.
Hitler Légalité 
Freikorps leaders gave their old battle flags to Hitler's SA and SS on Nov 9, 1933 in a very big ceremony. Historian  Robert Waite said that Hitler had many problems with the Freikorps. Many of the Friekorps had joined the SA, so when the Night of the Long Knives happened, they were targets for being murdered or arrested and this was also done to Ehrhardt and to Röhm. Waite also says that in Hitler's 'Rohm Purge' speech to the Reichstag on July 13, 1934, that Hitler said that the Freikorps were enemies of Germany.

In 1939, in the Polish September Campaign, Freikorps Ebbinghaus, was started to work behind the frontlines. It was not very good at this work and was sent to fight as an army unit but was not good at this either and was ended in less than one year.

Famous Freikorps members
Rudolph Berthold
 Martin Bormann
 Wilhelm Canaris-Admiral
 Kurt Daluege SS General
 Oskar Dirlewanger-SS Colonel
 Richard Glücks-SS General
 Arthur Greiser-SS General
 Reinhard Heydrich-SS General
 Hans Hinkel-SS Officer
 Heinrich Himmler-Leader of the SS 
 Rudolf Hoess-Commandant of Auschwitz 

 Hans Kammler-SS General
 Wilhelm Keitel
 Wilhelm Friedrich Loeper SS General
 Hans-Adolf Prützmann SS General
 Beppo Römer KPD Member
 Albert Leo Schlageter
 Julius Schreck SS Leader
 Hugo Sperrle Luftwaffe General
 Felix Steiner-SS General
 Gregor Strasser NSDAP Member
 Franz Ritter von Epp

 Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf SA member
 Manfred Freiherr von Killinger
 Bolko von Richthofen
 Ernst von Salomon

Famous Freikorps units 
 Volunteer Division of Horse Guards (Garde-Kavallerie-Schützendivision)

- murdered Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, 19 January 1919 

- commanded by Captain Pabst
- disbanded on the order of Defence Minister Gustav Noske, 7 July 1919, after Pabst threatened to kill him 
 Freikorps Maercker (Maercker's Volunteer Rifles, or Freiwillingen Landesjagerkorps) 

- had Reinhard Heydrich as a member 

- started by Ludwig Maercker
 Freikorps Roßbach (Rossbach)

- started by Gerhard Roßbach

- rescued the Iron Division after a 12,000 mile march.
 Marinebrigade Ehrhardt (The Second Naval Brigade)

- took part in the Kapp Putsch of 1920 

- disbanded members started the Organisation Consul, which did hundreds of political murders 
 Iron Division (Eiserne Division, related to Eiserne Brigade)

- Fought in the Baltic.

- was trapped in Thorensberg by the Latvian Army. Was rescued by the Rossbach Freikorps.
 Freikorps Ebbinghaus
 Freikorps Oberland
 Eiserne Brigade (Iron Brigade, later Iron Division)
 Freikorps Epp
 Hamburg Free Corps 
 Lowenfeld Brigade (First Naval Brigade)
 Potsdam Free Corps
 Freikorps Lützow

Related pages
 Freikorps in the Baltic

Notes
Notes

Other websites
 Axis History Factbook; Freikorps section – By Marcus Wendel and contributors;  site also contains an apolitical forum
 Freikorps Master list on Axis History Forum {reference only}

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 
 Waite, Robert G L. Vanguard of Nazism, 1969, W W Norton & Co
German military organizations
Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath (2 February 1873 in Vaihingen – 14 August 1956 in Vaihingen) was a German politician and diplomat. He was the Foreign minister of Germany between 1932 and 1938. In those early years of Adolf Hitler's regime, Von Neurath played an important role in the foreign policy. He helped the Nazi dictator to get around the Treaty of Versailles. He also helped in the territorial expansion before World War II. Hitler replaced Von Neurath with the more compliant and fervent Nazi Joachim von Ribbentrop.

Von Neurath served as Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia between 1939 and 1943. When he started to work for SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich his authority became nominal. He was one of the 24 accused at the Nuremberg Trials. He was sentenced to 15 years in Spandau Prison. He was freed in 1954.

Von Neurath was ambassador in Italy from 1921 to 1930 and ambassador in the United Kingdom from 1930 to 1932.

References
References 

1873 births
1956 deaths
Anti-communists
Ambassadors of Germany
German military personnel of World War I
German prisoners
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Government ministers of the Weimar Republic
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Politicians of the Nazi Party
SS officers
Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 in Alsenz - 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg) was a well-known Nazi official. Between 1933 and 1943, he was a minister of the Third Reich) After the end of World War II, he was executed for war crimes. He replaced Reinhard Heydrich in 1942 in the Gestapo after Heydrich’s assassination. He was executed in 1946 at Nuremberg .

Other websites

1877 births
1946 deaths
Executed German people
Executed Nazis
German lawyers
German Protestants
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
People executed by hanging
Politicians from Rhineland-Palatinate
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Artur Schnabel (April 17, 1882 – August 15, 1951) was an Austrian classical pianist, composer and teacher. He was one of the best pianists of the twentieth century. He was a very serious pianist. He did not try to impress people by playing fast or loud. He was most famous for playing music by Mozart and Beethoven and Schubert.

Life
The place where Schnabel was born was called Kunzendorf. It was near a town that was called Bielitz, in Austria-Hungary. Now Kunzendorf is called Lipnik, and Bielitz is called Bielsko-Biała, and it is in Poland. When he was two years old his family moved to Vienna. He started to play the piano when he was four. When he was nine he started to take piano lessons with the famous teacher Theodore Leschetizsky. He studied with Leschetizsky for seven years, until 1897. He also studied music theory and composition with Eusebius Mandyczewski. He gave his first concert in Vienna in 1897. After that he played more concerts in Budapest and Prague and Brno.
Schnabel moved to Berlin in 1898. He started to be famous from concerts with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and from playing chamber music. He liked playing chamber music and he played it for all his life. Some of the famous musicians he played chamber music with were Carl Flesch, Joseph Szigeti and Bronislaw Huberman (violin), Paul Hindemith (viola), and Pablo Casals, Gregor Piatigorsky and Pierre Fournier (cello). He also played piano for the contralto singer Therese Behr (1876-1959). In 1905 he married her. They had two sons. Karl Ulrich Schnabel (1909-2001) was a pianist and Stefan Schnabel (1912-99) was an actor.

In 1933 Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany, and Schnabel, who was Jewish, moved to England. He moved to the United States in 1939. After the end of World War II he went back to Europe. He gave concerts there and in the United States for the rest of his life. He died in Axenstein, Switzerland, in 1951.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1882 births
1951 deaths
Austrian composers
Austrian classical musicians
This is a list of professional wrestlers, managers and other workers that were employed in World Wrestling Entertainment from:
 1952–1963 (as the Capitol Wrestling Corporation)
 1963–1979 (as the World Wide Wrestling Federation)
 1979–2002 (as the World Wrestling Federation)
 2002–2011 (as World Wrestling Entertainment)
 2011-present (as WWE)

Alumni

Died while under contract

Related pages
 List of World Wrestling Entertainment employees

References

Other websites
 WWE alumni at WWE.com
 WWE alumni by decade at onlineworldofwrestling.com

Lists of professional wrestlers
A recognition signal is a signal where a person, a ship, an airplane or something else is recognized. They can be used during war or can be used to help the police recognize each other during undercover operations. It can also be used in biology to signal that a molecule or chemical is to be bound to another molecule.

Recognition in war
These signals are often used to recognize friends and enemies in a war. For military use these signals often use colored lights or the International marine signal flags

Recognition of police
Other uses of the signal include the police who sometimes use a recognition signal so that officers in uniform can recognize officers in normal clothing (undercover). The NYPD often use headbands, wristbands or colored clothing as recognition signals which are known as the "color of the day".

Recognition in biology
A recognition signal is also a chemical signal used in biology to signal the end of a section of DNA or RNA during gene duplication in cells.
Related pages
Signal
Communication
Enrique Peña Nieto
International Code of Signals

Notes

Other websites

 Signalman manual 

Communication
Biology
Military terminology
The New York City Police Department (NYPD), started in 1844, is the largest police force in the United States,. It is the police force that serves  the five boroughs of New York City. The NYPD was one of the first "modern" style police departments in the United States with the Boston Police Department. The NYPD uses a color of the day to allow uniformed officers to recognize undercover officers to prevent accidental shootings.
Street Crimes Unit 
The New York Police Department's Street Crime Unit (motto: "We Own The Night") was a 300+ member plain clothes unit for reducing crime that became well known after the 1999 killing of Amadou Diallo.  The four officers who did the killing were all members of the unit. The unit was ended in 2002 because of the Diallo shooting.  The unit's last leader was Inspector Bruce H. Smolka, who was later made Assistant Chief. The Street Crime Unit is now replaced by local precinct Anti-Crime Units.
All of the officers were found not guilty of the criminal charges in a long trial that took place in Albany after a successful request to change the location of the trial from the Bronx, where the shooting happened.

The Street Crime Unit was started in 1971 and had a long history of success in catching armed criminals on NYC streets. The establishment of the Street Crime Unit led to the development of the color of the day undercover officer recognition system.

References
References

Other websites 
 NYPD Homepage
The NYPD Diaspora, City Journal, Summer 2008 
 On the Front Line in the War on Terrorism, City Journal, Summer 2007 
 NYPD-Badges 
 NYPD-Current Badges
 Auxiliary Police Benevolent Association
 Unofficial School Safety Myspace Page
 Full listing of NYPD Officers who have been killed in the line of duty 
 NYCPR and COPP NYC police misconduct organizations
 NY Daily News March 12, 2007 
 From database to crime scene: Network is potent police weapon, by Thomas Lueck, New York Times, June 7, 2007
 AM New York, December 8, 2006 
 Google Earth NYPD Car Model 
 Site with instruments used by Stephen Hasbrouck, First Surgeon General of the Department *Homepage for the Civilian Complaint Review Board, the only official Civilian Oversight of Police Misconduct in NYC
 Collection of NYPD-Badges and Informations about the NYPD
Law enforcement in New York City
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1845 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in New York (state)
Being undercover means that a person is wearing normal clothing and is hiding their identity from people. It is often used by police officers when they are investigating crimes or criminals. It is done to gain trust and also possibly to gather evidence. It is not the same as a police officer who is wearing normal clothing (a plain-clothes officer) but who is not hiding their real name and that they are a police officer.

Related pages
Secret police

Criminal investigation
28978 Ixion is a Kuiper belt object that was found on 22 May, 2001. Ixion is a plutino (an object that has a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune) and could be a dwarf planet. Astronomers think that it has a diameter of about 800 km, which makes it the third biggest plutino. It is named after Ixion, a figure from Greek mythology. Before it was named Ixion, it had the provisional designation .

References 

Possible dwarf planets
Kuiper belt objects
The New York City Transit Police Department, that was started in 1953, was a transit police department for the New York City Subway and bus lines. It became part of the NYPD in 1995 as the Transit Bureau of the New York City Police Department by decision of New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani.

Transit police in movies
The New York City Transit Police were made famous in movies such as:
 The Taking of Pelham One Two Three
 Money Train
 Die Hard 3

Related pages
Amtrak Police
British Transport Police
New Jersey Transit Police Department
Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police
Port Authority Police Department
Transit police
TTC Special Constable Services
Color of the day (police)

References

Other websites
 New York City Police Department Transit Bureau
Law enforcement in New York City
Transport in New York City
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1953 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in New York (state)
1995 disestablishments in the United States
1990s disestablishments in New York (state)
The New York City Housing Authority Police Department was a police unit in New York City that existed from 1952 to 1995. The Housing Police, as well as New York City Transit Police, became part of the New York City Police Department in 1995 by order of New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani and is now called the Housing Bureau.

Related pages
New York City Transit Police
Color of the day (police)

Other websites
NYPD Homepage

Law enforcement in New York City
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1952 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in New York (state)
1995 disestablishments in the United States
1990s disestablishments in New York (state)
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police, or MTA Police, is the police force of New York's Metropolitan Transportation Authority local railroad, or MTA.  Officers of the MTA Police are full police officers in New York State and in the state of Connecticut. The force was started in 1998.

Related pages 
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
New York City Police Department
Color of the day (police)

Other websites
MTA Police Overtime Adding Up
MTA Police-A Consolidated Force 
Request for Information Form
TransitCop.com

Law enforcement in New York (state)
Transport in New York (state)
Transport in Connecticut
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in New York (state)
20th-century establishments in Connecticut
Sidney Patrick Crosby, ONS (born August 7, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL) where he serves as their captain. He was the top pick in the 2005 draft. In his second season, he won the Art Ross Trophy. His nickname is Sid the Kid.

Crosby has won the Stanley Cup three times, all with the Penguins. He first won it in 2009 and again in 2016 and 2017.

He got the game-winning goal for Canada in the 2010 Winter Olympics in overtime against the USA and in doing so won the team the gold medal.

Awards 
The Maurice 'Rocket' Richard Trophy (tied with Steven Stamkos) in 2010 

In both 2016 and 2017, he won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the playoffs.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1987 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia
Living people
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Rimouski Océanic players
Rocket Richard Trophy winners
Sportspeople from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Stanley Cup champions
A metropolis is a word that means a very big city, that usually has over 500,000 people living in it. A metropolis often has many smaller towns and cities inside its area. 

The word began in ancient Greece, originally meaning the city or state of origin of a colony. Later it came to mean the seat of a Bishop who also supervised the Church in other cities, or a city regarded as a center of some specified activity, or a large and important city. In India a "metropolis" is a city with more than a million people.

Old Uses

In the past many large cities were called metropolitan due to their size or importance; such as: Alexandria, Angkor, Antioch, Athens, Babylon, Baghdad, Beirut, Benares, Byblos,  Carthage, Constantinople, Corinth, Damascus, Ephesus, Great Zimbabwe, Harappa, Jerusalem, Kangla, Nanjing, Nineveh, Macchu Picchu, Mohenjo-Daro, Rome, Sarai, Side, Syracuse, Tenochtitlan, Teotihuacan, Tikal, Tyre, Xian and Ur.
Modern Metropolises
The modern metropolises are increasing day by day in this world since pre-21st century.

Africa

North America

Middle America

South America

Eastern Asia

Southern Asia

Southeastern Asia

Western and Central Asia

Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Southern Europe

Western Europe

Oceania

Related pages
Megacity
Metropolitan area

References

 Allen J. Scott (ed.) Global City Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy, Oxford University Press (2001).
 Monti, Daniel J., Jr., The American City: A Social and Cultural History. Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp. .

Other websites
 U.S. Census Bureau: About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistics
 Megalopolis, my Arcadia , a podcast with a worldwide analysis of megacities (focus Latin America)

Urban geography
The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is found only on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. 

They live in mangrove forests, and also lowland rainforests. It depends on the mangroves near river edges for resting and sleeping. They avoid deforested areas and avoid human settlements.

The proboscis monkey eats mainly fruit and leaves. It also eats flowers, seeds and insects to a lesser extent.  At least 55 different plant species are eaten. Young leaves are preferred over mature leaves and unripe fruits are preferred over ripe fruit. Being a seasonal eater, the proboscis monkey eats mostly fruit from January to May and mostly leaves from June to December. Groups usually sleep in adjacent trees. Monkeys tend to sleep near rivers, if they are nearby. Proboscis monkeys will start the day foraging and then rest further inland. Proboscis monkeys' daily activities consist of resting, traveling, feeding and keeping vigilant.

References 

Old World monkeys
Mammals of Asia
{{Taxobox
| name = Christmas Island pipistrelle
| status = LC
|status_system = iucn3.1
| regnum = Animalia
| classis = Mammalia
| ordo = Chiroptera
| familia = Vespertilionidae
| genus = Pipistrellus
| binomial = Pipistrellus murrayi
| binomial_authority = (Andrews, 1900)
| synonyms = Pipistrellus tenuis murrayi Koopman 1973, 1993}}

The Christmas Island pipistrelle (Pipistrellus murrayi) was a species of bat in the Vespertilionidae family. Biologists believe the bat became extinct on 27 August 2009.

It was a small bat (it weighed ), and lived only on Christmas Island, Australia.van Dyck S. & Strahan R. (eds) 2008. The mammals of Australia. It was thought to be the same as the Pipistrellus tenuis,Koopman K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. 137-241 in: Wilson D.E. & Reeder D.M. (eds) Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. but research on the bat's baculum (a penis bone) showed that Pipistrellus murrayi'' was a different species.
Decline  
The numbers of Christmas Island Pipistrelle bats had dropped a lot in the last 20 years. It had once been seen all over the island, including in the Settlement. It went from at least 80% of its living range, and its numbers had dropped more than 90% since 1994. Research into the number of bats in January 2009, shows there were only about 20 bats left. The only known group resting place had only four bats. The last bat call was heard on 26 August 2009.

Cause of decline 
Scientists do not know why the Christmas Island Pipistrelle's numbers dropped. Several possible threats may have been:
being eaten
disturbed at their resting spots
an unknown disease.

A number of animals brought to Christmas Island could be the problem:
Common Wolf Snake
 Giant Centipede  
Yellow Crazy Ant
Black Rat
Cats
Early in 2009, the Australian Minister for the Environment, Peter Garrett, stopped scientists from trying to set up a captive breeding program. He said that the bats were too hard to catch, and no one knew how to keep them alive in cages. Instead, he announced a program to breed a similar bat in the Northern Territory of Australia. Scientists would learn about caring and breeding bats, then use this information to save the Christmas Island Pipistrelle. Other scientists had said this would take too long, and the bats would become extinct. Scientists believed that by June 2009 there were only four of the bats left in the world. In July 2009, the Australian Government changed its earlier decision and said that it would try to capture the last of the bats and use them to try and breed more bats in captivity. During August and September 2009 scientists searched for the remaining bats to catch them and protect them.  At the end of August only one bat had been heard
. Scientists tried to catch this bat, but it has not been heard from since the night of 26 August. It is now believed that the bat is extinct. This may be one of the few times that the extinction of a species in the wild can be known to the exact day.  Scientists will continue to search for the bat, but there has been no signs of the bat since.
References 

Mammals of Australia
Bats
Christmas Island
Lemon meringue pie is a type of sweet pie and dessert. It has a lemon curd filling inside a shortcrust pastry base, and meringue on the top. The base is baked first, then the filling and the meringue are put in and baked again.

Pies
Desserts
Kirby is a common place name, surname, and given name, derived from Old Norse, meaning church settlement. Other common uses include:

Places

England 
 Kirkby, Merseyside (pronounced with a silent k: )
 Kirby Bedon, Norfolk
 Kirby Cane, Norfolk
 Kirby Cross, Essex
 Kirby Grindalythe, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Hill, Harrogate, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Hill, Richmondshire, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Knowle, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Muxloe, Leicestershire
 Kirby Sigston, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Wiske, North Yorkshire
 Cold Kirby, North Yorkshire
 Horton Kirby, Kent
 Monks Kirby, Warwickshire
 West Kirby, Merseyside
 see also: Places named Kirkby

United States 
 Kirby, Arizona
 Kirby, Arkansas
 Kirby, Georgia
 Kirby, Indiana
 Kirby, Ohio
 Kirby, Oklahoma
 Kirby, Pennsylvania
 Kirby, Texas
 Kirby, Vermont
 Kirby, West Virginia
 Kirby, Wyoming
 Upper Kirby, a commercial district in Houston, Texas
Canada 
 Kirby, Ontario
 York Regional Road 29, a regional road in Ontario, in which its western segment is called Kirby Road

People 
 Kirby (surname), people with the surname Kirby.
 Kirby (given name), people with the given name Kirby

Also
 List of people with the surname Kirkby
 Christopher Hatton, 1st Baron Hatton of Kirby (c. 1605-1670), English politician
 Christopher Hatton, 2nd Baron Hatton of Kirby (1632-1706), English politician
Buildings, institutions or facilities 
 Kirby Castle, a castle in Kirby Muxloe, Leicestershire, England
 Kirby Hall, an Elizabethan country house located near Corby, Northamptonshire, England
 Kirby Sports Center, a sports arena in Easton, Pennsylvania, USA
 Kirby's Mill, a flour mill located in Medford, New Jersey, USA
 Kirby College of Further Education, now part of Middlesbrough College, North Yorkshire, England
 Kirby Cross railway station, Essex, England
 Kirby Lake Airport, Alberta, Canada
 Kirby Park railway station, a defunct railway station in West Kirby, Merseyside, England

Other uses

Comics 
 Kirby Award, an award presented from 1985-1987 for achievements in comic books
 Kirby dots, an artistic convention in comic books
 Rip Kirby, fictional comic strip character created by Alex Raymond
Law 
 United States v. Kirby, an 1868 US Supreme Court case regarding statutory construction
 United States v. Kirby Lumber Co., a 1931 US Supreme Court case regarding taxation
 R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia, a 1956 Australian High Court case regarding the judicial power of the Commonwealth

Mathematics 
 Kirby calculus
 Kirby-Siebenmann class
 Freedman-Kirby theorem

Miscellaneous 
 Kirby Company, the manufacturer of Kirby vacuum cleaners
 Kirby 23, a sailboat designed by Bruce Kirby and produced in the mid-1980s
 Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing, a medical test
 Kirby wire, a pendulum-based flying system for stage performers
 A fish hook of evenly curved pattern designed by Charles Kirby
 Kirby is the name of the vacuum in The Brave Little Toaster

Games 
 Kirby (character), a popular Nintendo video game character
 Kirby (series), the video game series named after the character
 List of Kirby media
 Kirby: Right Back At Ya!, a TV series based on the famous video game character
Alfred Wilhelm Franz Maria Hugenberg (19 June 1865 - 12 March 1951) was a German businessman and politician. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet in 1933. In 1933, he was the minister of food in Germany.

Hugenberg was heading the German National People's Party (DNVP). During the period of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany he was a member of the Reichstag.

1865 births
1951 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Politicians from Hanover
Kurt Paul Schmitt (7 October 1886 in Heidelberg – 2 November 1950 in Heidelberg) was a German economist and minister for economics of the Third Reich. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.

He fought in the First World War and got the Iron Cross.

1886 births
1950 deaths
German economists
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People from Heidelberg
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Order theory is a field of mathematics. It concerns itself with being able to compare different elements of a set. Given a binary relation it is then possible to put all the elements of the set in a certain order. It is also possible to say that a certain element "comes before" another one, for that relation. Another way to say this is to say that one of the two is "smaller than" the other.

For a specific set to be ordered it must be:

reflexive: each element of the set is within a relation with itself.

anti-symmetric: if A and B are in relation, and B is also in a relation with A, then A must be equal to B.

transitive: if A and B in a relation, and B is in a relation with C, then A and C must be in a relation. 

Fields of mathematics
Führer is the German word for leader. The word Führer is most often used to name Adolf Hitler. Hitler was the German Chancellor during the Third Reich. After the death of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934, he declared the office of President vacant and made himself Führer (both Head of State and Head of Government). He used the word Führer for his title Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Reich Chancellor).

Nazi Germany
Adolf Hitler
Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht (22 January 1877 in Tingleff – 3 June 1970 in München) was a German politician and minister for economics during the time of the Third Reich. In the Weimar Republic he was the president of the Reichsbank. He was also one of the 24 defendants at the Nuremberg Trials.

His middle names come from the American politician Horace Greeley.

1877 births
1970 deaths
German bankers
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Weimar Republic
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (12 January 1893 in Rosenheim, Upper Bavaria, Bavaria, Germany – 15 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany) was a  war criminal, German politician and military leader of Germany. As second in command after Hitler, he was one of the most powerful leaders of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Between 1932 and 1945, he was President of the German Reichstag and also a minister of the Third Reich, under Adolf Hitler. In the Second World War, he was the Commander-in-Chief of the German air force. Göring was responsible for the creation of the concentration camps and the Gestapo, the Nazi secret police, which he handed over to SS chief Heinrich Himmler. In 1941, he gave Reinhard Heydrich the order to arrange the Final Solution to kill millions of Jews.
Göring was one of the 25 people charged at the Nuremberg Trials. The court decided he was guilty. The judgment on 1 October 1946 said that he was to be hanged, but he killed himself by swallowing a tablet of cyanide a few hours before he could be executed.

Early life 

Hermann Göring, son of Ernst Heinrich Göring and Franziska Göring (born Tiefenbrunn), was born in Rosenheim, Bavaria in 1893. Göring's father was a judge. The German chancellor Otto von Bismarck made Ernst Göring the first Reichskommissar (Governor-General) of South West Africa (today: Namibia), in 1885.

Hermann Göring had two brothers, Albert Göring and Karl Ernst Göring, and two sisters, Olga Therese Sophie Göring and Paula Elisabeth Rosa Göring.
He spent the first three years of his life at the home of a friend of his mother, because Göring's father was in Namibia. From 1901, he lived at his godfather Hermann von Epenstein mansion. Hermann's mother had an affair (a romantic relationship with someone other than her husband) with von Epenstein. He attended the grammar schools in Fürth and Ansbach. In the games he played as a child, the story was always about war.

In 1905, he went to a military school in Karlsruhe. He got his Abitur, and an officer exam, in 1912. He then went to the Bavarian Prinz Wilhelm Regiment (112th Infantry) in Mulhouse.
First World War 
When the First World War started, Göring had the rank of Lieutenant. He had served in the infantry. In 1915, because of his rheumatism, he had to go to a hospital. His friend, Bruno Loerzer, got him to join the air force. In France, he flew as an observer, a person who looked for targets and enemy planes. Because of this, he was awarded the Iron Cross First Class in 1915. In 1916, he was trained to fly a plane. On 14 March 1916, he shot down his first bomber. In 1917, he became the leader of the 27th Flying Group. In 1918, after he shot his 19th plane, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite (also called "The Blue Max"). This was the highest air force award in Germany. After the death of Manfred von Richthofen, he became the leader of the flying group "The Red Baron".
Weimar Republic 
Between 1919 and 1921, Göring worked as a stunt pilot in Scandinavia. In November 1922, he met Adolf Hitler and later became a member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). Göring married Carin in Stockholm on 3 February 1923. In 1923 he was leading the SA (Oberste SA-Führer), and he took part in the Beer Hall Putsch and was wounded. After this, he went to Austria. Because of pain, a doctor injected him with morphine but he became dependent on it. Between 1925 and  1926, he had two treatments in Sweden at the Långbro mental hospital. He came back to Germany in 1927. In 1928, he became a member of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic. He was a member of the Reichstag until the end of the Second World War. In 1932, the NSDAP became the most powerful party of the Reichstag. Göring then became president of the Reichstag.

Göring during the Third Reich