Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Kelly Tyler Olynyk (born April 19, 1991) is an Canadian professional basketball player. He is a power forward-center for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born in Toronto, Ontario and moved to Kamloops, British Columbia when he was in grade 7.

Career

College
Olynyk played college basketball at Gonzaga University. During his freshman and sophomore years there, Olynyk averaged 12 to 13 minutes per game and was mainly a bench player. During his junior year, Olynyk and Gonzaga both agreed that he would redshirt. He played in the 2012–13 season and was selected for both the Consensus First-Team All-American and the 2012–13 Academic All-America first team.
NBA
Olynyk was selected 13th overall by the Dallas Mavericks in the 2013 NBA draft. The same day, the Mavericks traded Olynyk to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Lucas Nogueira and two future second round picks. During his first summer league game, he scored 25 points with 9-of-13 shooting. He signed his rookie scale contract with the Celtics on July 7, 2013.

On October 29, 2014, the Celtics extended Olynyk's rookie scale contract through the 2015–16 season after exercising their third-year team option. On December 15, 2014, Olynyk scored a career-high 30 points in a 105-87 win over the Philadelphia 76ers.

During the first quarter of Game 4 of the 2015 NBA Playoffs, Olynyk got tangled with Cleveland Cavaliers player Kevin Love while battling for a loose ball and dislocated Love's left shoulder. Love called it a "bush-league play" and Olynyk said that he would "never intentionally hurt someone." The league suspended Olynyk for one game without pay and ruled that he had "yanked [Love's] arm down".
On September 26, 2022, Olynyk was traded to the Utah Jazz.

National team
Olynyk plays for the Canada men's national basketball team. He was the captain of the Canadian team during the FIBA Basketball World Cup in 2023. During the tournament, he helped Canada defeat France, Germany, and World champions Spain to help Canada clinch a spot in the Olympics for the first time since 2000. Canada would defeat the United States to win the bronze medal. It was Canada's first international medal since 1936.

References

Other websites

1991 births
Boston Celtics players
Canadian basketball players
Detroit Pistons players
Houston Rockets players
Living people
Miami Heat players
Sportspeople from British Columbia
Sportspeople from Toronto
Utah Jazz players
Millerites was the name for the followers of the teachings of William Miller. In 1833, Miller said that he had done some calculations, and that the second coming of Christ would happen about the year 1844. This turned out to be false, and there was a great disappointment. Miller had documented how he did Bible interpretation, so anyone could do it. After the disappointment, some movements emerged that were generally called Adventist.

History of Christianity
Protestantism
War tax due stamp is a kind of war tax and postage due stamps that was used for mail when the war tax has not been paid by the sender. They were issued in Romania between 1915 and 1921.

During war the sender of a letter paid a war tax. Then they placed a war tax stamp on the letter showing the tax was paid. If the sender did not do that, a war tax due stamp was applied by the postal service. When the letter was delivered the person receiving the letter paid double the normal rate.

Related pages 
 Postage stamp
 Stamp Act
 Tax

References 

1910s in Europe
1920s in Europe
20th century in Romania
Postage stamps
Postal history
Taxation
War
World War I
Emilie Béatrice Epaye is a politician and teacher from the Central African Republic. She was a minister in the government and she was in the National Assembly.  Epaye works for better government, economic development, freedom, human rights, and peace.  In 2015, she won the U.S. State Department's International Women of Courage Award.

Life 

Emilie Béatrice Epaye was born about 1956.  She studied to be a teacher. She worked in her family transportation business.

Work

La Fondation la Voix du Coeur  

In 2000, Epaye became the new director of the La Fondation la Voix du Coeur (The Voice of the Heart Foundation) organization.   Lucienne Patassé, the wife of president Ange-Félix Patassé started the organization in 1994 to help street children. She started a home for the children in the city of Bangui,  The children received food, education, medical care, and training, in a place that was safe and free from violence.

Politics
Politics 

In 2003, General François Bozizé led a coup and became the new leader of the Central African Republic.  He formed a transition council to help with the change in government.  The council wrote the 2004 constitution.  Epaye was in the transition council.  

From 2003 to 2005, Epaye was president of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the National Assembly and was a member of the National Transitional Council.   In 2005 she became the Minister of Commerce, Industry and Small and Medium Enterprises.  She was in that position for five years. In 2008 she became the Minister of Trade and Industry.  She was in that position through 2011.
In 2013 there was a new coup by a group called Séléka. Michel Djotodia became president, but there was much violence.  The United Nations, the African Union, and the French government sent soldiers to stop the fighting. New elections were scheduled for 2015, and Catherine Samba-Panza was elected leader of the country for the transition.  Epaye was in the new council to help with the transition.

Pan African organizations 

From 2003-2005, Epaye was a member of the Inter-Parliamentary Commission of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). Beginning in 2008, she was the leader of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI. She also was on the Council of Ministers of the Economic Union of Central Africa (CAEU).

Awards 

In 2010, the Council of Ministers of the Economic Union of Central Africa (CAEU), gave Epaye the Medal of Grand Officer of the Order of Merit from the CEMAC Community.  In 2015, the U.S. State Department gave her the International Women of Courage Award.
References

Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1956 births
Living people
Central African Republic politicians
Continental Europe is the European mainland. It is distinct from the various offshore islands, including British Isles, Iceland, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, the Italian islands, and the Greek islands. People in the islands also use it to refer to ways in which the customs and speech of mainlanders differ from their own.

Geography of Europe
Marie Claire Tchecola is a nurse from Guinea. She got Ebola, but she lived. She is an activist who teaches about disease. In 2015, the U.S. State Department gave Tchecola the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 

Tchecola is from a small village in Guinea, near Senegal. She was the first woman in her family to get an education. She studied to be a nurse. She worked as a nurse at Donka Hospital in Conakry, Guinea.  In July 2014, she worked with a very sick patient. She got Ebola from that patient.  She went to a center for treatment. She got better. 

After Tchecola got well, she went back to her job as a nurse at Donka Hospital. She had more problems.  She lost her housing, because her landlord did not understand Ebola.

References

Other websites 
Marie Claire Tchecola - I Survived Ebola

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Guinean people
Nurses
Health activists
"Tainted Love" is a pop rock single. It was first sung by Gloria Jones. The lyrics are about leaving a relationship due to being abused.

The song was first released in May 1965. In 1981, Soft Cell covered the song. Their version hit #1 on some charts. In summer 1982, it reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100.

There are many versions of the song. It has been covered by many musicians.

References

Pop songs
1965 songs
Marilyn Manson songs
The Pussycat Dolls songs
Gloria Jones (born October 19, 1945) is an American singer and songwriter. She recorded the 1965 song "Tainted Love". She also had other songs.

On September 16, 1977, Jones was driving a car. Marc Bolan of the group T. Rex was a passenger. The car crashed and killed Bolan.

Jones was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She later moved to Los Angeles, California.

References

American singer-songwriters
Writers from Cincinnati
Singers from Cincinnati
1945 births
Living people
Gainan Rakhmatovich Saidkhuzhin (; 30 June 1937 – 13 May 2015) was a Soviet cyclist. He was a ten-time cycling champion of the Soviet Union. He competed in the road race at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics and finished in 34th and 41st places, respectively. He was born in Novosibirsk to a Tatar family.

Saidkhuzhin died from a heart attack on 13 May 2015 in Miami, Florida, United States. He was 77.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
1960 Summer Olympics
1964 Summer Olympics
Soviet Olympians
Soviet cyclists
Luxeuil-les-Bains is a spa town located in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in the Haute-Saône department in eastern France. About  people live there.

Spa towns in France
Communes in Haute-Saône
All-Russian Society of Philatelists was a national philatelic organisation in Soviet Russia established in 1923. Later on, it was subsequently renamed and reorganised into the All-Union Society of Philatelists and the All-Union Society of Collectors.

History 
The idea of a new countrywide philatelic society was supported by the Russian Bureau of Philately at the RSFSR National Commissariat of Post and Telegraphs in 1922. On 15 March 1923, the charter of the All-Russian Society of Philatelists was approved. On 6 April 1923 its first meeting took place in Moscow. The society's branches worked in Yerevan, Tiflis, Tashkent, Ashgabat, Baku, and other cities. In 1924–1925, the First All-Union Philatelic Exhibition was held. The All-Russian Society of Philatelists published the Soviet Philatelist journal (1922–1932). It existed till the late 1930s.
Related pages 
 First All-Union Philatelic Exhibition
 Leniniana
 Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily
 Philatelic International
 Philately
 Soviet Philatelic Association
 Soviet Philatelist

Notes

References

Further reading 
  Archived from the original and another source on 2015-05-15.

Other websites 
 

Philately of the Soviet Union
1923 establishments in the Soviet Union
1930s disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Philately organizations
Aix-les-Bains is a commune in the Savoie department. It is a well-known spa town.

Spa towns in France
The First All-Union Philatelic Exhibition was held in Moscow in 1924–1925. Its full name was the First All-Union Philatelic, Scripophilic and Numismatic Exhibition. This was because it combined the objects of philately, scripophily (collecting stock and bond certificates), and numismatics (of coins, money).

The exhibition was organised from 15 December 1924 to 15 February 1925. This was done by the Presidium of the All-Union Philatelic Association and Board of the All-Russian Society of Philatelists. The combined exhibition was meant to prepare formation of the All-Union Society of Collectors. The society was to be under the direction of Feodor Chuchin, the  Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily.

Related pages 
 All-Russian Society of Philatelists
 Leniniana
 Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily
 Philatelic International
 Philately
 Soviet Philatelic Association
 Soviet Philatelist

References

Further reading 
  Archived from the original and another source on 2015-05-15.
Other websites 
 

Philately of the Soviet Union
Exhibitions
1924
WOW air was a budget airline from Iceland.

History
WOW air began in November 2011. Its first flight was on 1 June 2012. The airline flew 11 airplanes from the Airbus A320 family to destinations in Europe, North America and the Middle East.

Wow air stopped operations on 28 March 2019. All flights were cancelled and thousands of stranded passengers were told to book with other airliners.

References

2011 establishments in Europe
2019 disestablishments in Europe
Low-cost airlines
Transport in Iceland
Establishments in Iceland
Defunct airlines of Europe
Organizations based in Iceland
Dzhokhar Anzorovich "Jahar" Tsarnaev (Cyrillic: Джоха́р Анзо́рович Царна́ев ; born July 22, 1993) and his brother Tamerlan Tsarnaev planted bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. The bombings killed three people and reportedly injured as many 264 others. On May 15, 2015, a Boston U.S. federal court jury verdict resulted in a death-sentence verdict for Tsarnaev for his crimes.

Early life
He and his family immigrated to the United States as refugees in 2002. Tsarnaev was a student at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. He had become a naturalized U.S. citizen on  September 11, 2012.
Capture
During the bombings, on April 19, there was a shootout between police and the Tsarnaev brothers. MBTA police officer was critically injured in the course of Tsarnaev's escape in the SUV Tsarnaev was injured but escaped. On the evening of April 19, the heavily wounded Tsarnaev was found unarmed hiding in a boat on a trailer in Watertown just outside the police perimeter. He was arrested and taken to a hospital. It was later reported that he was persuaded to surrender when the FBI negotiators mentioned a public plea from his former wrestling coach.

Tsarnaev was charged on April 22 with using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death and with destruction of property resulting in death.
Conviction
He was convicted on April 8, 2015, and was sentenced to death on May 15, 2015. Tsarnaev allegedly later said during questioning that they next intended to detonate explosives in Times Square in New York City. Tsarnaev reportedly also said to authorities that he and his brother were radicalized, at least in part, by watching Anwar al-Awlaki lectures.

Notes

References

Other websites
Tsarnaev Family (Wall Street Journal)

1993 births
Living people
American murderers
American Muslims
American terrorists
Kyrgyzstani people
Muslim terrorists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Catholic Christian Outreach Canada (CCO) is a group of Catholics who do missionary work at universities in Canada. They try to teach students three things: How to have a close friendship with Jesus
 How to be good Catholics
 How to be leaders and missionaries.

History 
André and Angèle Regnier started CCO in 1988 at the University of Saskatchewan. The Regniers were part of an Evangelical Protestant group called Campus Crusade for Christ. They saw that other people in this group were excited about being Christians. They wanted Catholics to be excited about their religion too. They found a group of Catholics called the Catholic Charismatic Renewal who were already trying to do this. This group showed them how to get Catholics to be excited about their religion. The Regniers and their parish priest started CCO so that they could teach university students at the University of Saskatchewan about their religion and how to teach others about it too.
Expansion of CCO 
CCO began with only four missionaries at the University of Saskatchewan. As of August 2013, it had more than 70 missionaries at eleven universities. CCO plans to start doing missionary work on 20 new universities between 2008 and 2028.

 CCO does not work at these universities any more.

Rise Up 
CCO runs a conference called "Rise Up" every year. It is one of the largest conferences for young Catholics in Canada. The largest Rise Up was in Ottawa in 2013. There were 850 people there.

The conference happens every year from December 28 to January 1. At Rise Up, there are presentations, workshops, songs, prayers in front of the Eucharist, confession, and a big dinner and dance on New Year's Eve. CCO runs Rise Up because they want people to become closer to Jesus. They also want to help people become excited about telling other people about their religion.
Mission Projects 
CCO runs many missions. Some of them are in Canada and some of them are in other countries. CCO often sends students and missionaries to World Youth Day.

IMPACT Canada 
There is a mission that happens every year called IMPACT. Students from across Canada go to one city for a summer of missionary work. They live together and work in teams at various parishes, where they lead faith studies and run retreats and special events. IMPACT also has a weekly event called Cornerstone that involves skits, songs, testimonies, and Catholic teaching, a Courageous Catholic program that teaches people how to share their faith, and a monthly Summit event involving songs, prayers in front of the Eucharist, and confession.IMPACT has happened in the following
Methods and Materials 
Students involved with CCO lead and attend weekly faith studies at the university. These faith studies help students learn more about their religion and how they can live it out. The studies are based on the Bible, the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and other Christian writings. They also use many analogies, a way of explaining things simply. There are five studies called Discovery, Source, Growth, Obedience, and Commission.

CCO wrote a small book The Ultimate Relationship to teach people the basic parts of the Christian religion.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Roman Catholicism
Religious organizations based in Canada
Tamerlan Anzorovich Tsarnaev (Тамерла́н Анзо́рович Царна́ев ; October 21, 1986 – April 19, 2013) and his brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev planted bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. The bombings killed three people and reportedly injured as many as 264 others.

Death
Shortly after the Federal Bureau of Investigation declared them suspects in the bombings and released images of them, the Tsarnaev brothers killed an MIT police officer, carjacked an SUV. They soon engaged in a shootout with the police in the Boston suburb of Watertown. 

According to the police, during the shootout Tamerlan was captured, but died partly as a result of his brother driving over him. He was 26 years old.

Notes

References

Other websites
 Tsarnaev Family (Wall Street Journal)
 

1986 births
2013 deaths
American murderers
American Muslims
American terrorists
Kyrgyzstani people
Muslim terrorists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People shot and killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily was established in Moscow in 1922 by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) for matters concerned with philately and bonds. An old Bolshevik Feodor Chuchin headed this organisation.

History 
To help finance the Central Famine Relief Committee (POMGOL), VTsIK decided to sell abroad postage stamps of Imperial Russia and the newly formed governments of the Civil War period. The idea was to obtain hard currency for them. Feodor Chuchin was named in 1921 the POMGOL commissioner for matters pertaining to stamp donations.

In March 1922, the Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily was set up. Chuchin was appointed to supervise its activities in Soviet Russia and abroad. The sale of stamps and paper money was profitable:

The Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily  existed till 1926 and was superseded by the Soviet Philatelic Association.
Related pages 
 All-Russian Society of Philatelists
 First All-Union Philatelic Exhibition
 Leniniana
 Philatelic International
 Philately
 Soviet Philatelic Association
 Soviet Philatelist

Notes

References

Further reading 
  Archived from the original and another source on 2015-05-15.

Other websites 
 

Philately of the Soviet Union
Government agencies
1922 establishments in the Soviet Union
Organizations based in the Soviet Union
Philately organizations
Spy is a 2015 American action comedy spy movie directed by Paul Feig. This movie is about a CIA analyst, Susan Cooper. She goes undercover in the world of a deadly arms dealer to prevent a global disaster. Melissa McCarthy plays Susan Cooper. Allison Janney plays Elaine Crocker.

The movie was released on June 5, 2015 in the United States.

Release dates

References

Other websites
  

2015 action movies
2015 comedy movies
2010s action comedy movies
2010s spy movies
American spy movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies directed by Ben Falcone
Spy comedy movies
Movies set in Rome
"Michelle" is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on the band's 1965 album Rubber Soul. It was mainly written by Paul McCartney, with some parts written by John Lennon. It is a love ballad and some of the words are in French.

Personnel 
According to Walter Everett:

Paul McCartney – lead vocal, backing vocal, acoustic guitar, bass guitar
John Lennon – backing vocal, classical guitar
George Harrison – backing vocal, acoustic guitar, lead guitar
Ringo Starr – drums

Notes

References

Sources

 
 
 
 
 

The Beatles songs
1965 songs
1960s ballads
Grammy Award winning songs
Pop ballads
Patricia Hitchcock O'Connell (7 July 1928 – 9 August 2021) was an English actress and producer. She appeared in small roles in some of her fathers well known works most notable as Carolina in Psycho (1960). Her father was legendary director Alfred Hitchcock.

Hitchcock died on 9 August 2021 in Thousand Oaks, California at the age of 93.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
2021 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Vera Miles (born August 23, 1929) is an American actress. She worked closely with Alfred Hitchcock. She is known for her role as Lila Crane in the classic masterpiece Psycho, and in the sequel Psycho II. Her other popular movie include The Wrong Man, The Searchers, Follow Me Boys! and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.

Other websites

1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Oklahoma
Wood County is the name of four counties in the United States:

 Wood County, Ohio
 Wood County, Texas
 Wood County, West Virginia
 Wood County, Wisconsin
Wood County is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. In 2020, 44,843 people lived there.  The county seat is Quitman.  The county was named for George T. Wood, governor of Texas from 1847 to 1849.

References

Texas counties
Veneridae is a family of clams, with over 500 described species, in twelve subfamilies. They are commonly called Venus clams. They are bivalve molluscs.  Many are edible and used as seafood. Venus clams occur in all seas of the world. Most live near the shore, preferably in areas with sandy bottoms.

Bivalves
Hinge teeth are part of the inner surface of the shell of a bivalve mollusc. Bivalves by definition have two valves (parts of the shell). They are joined together by a strong and flexible ligament on the hinge line at the dorsal (top) edge of the shell.

In life, the shell needs to be able to open slightly to allow the foot and siphons to protrude, and then close again, without the valves moving out of alignment with one another. To make this possible, the two valves usually have hinge teeth (the "dentition"). Like the ligament, the hinge teeth are along the hinge line of the shell.

In most families, the two valves of the shell are almost perfectly symmetrical with one another along the hinge line, though the placement and shape of the teeth may differ slightly in the left valve and right valve so the two valves fit together properly.
Each group of bivalves tends to have distinctive hinge teeth. Because of this, examining the arrangement of the hinge teeth in a bivalve shell is often essential for identification and classification.

Brachiopods 
The other great shelled phylum, the brachiopods, also has a group with hinge teeth. In the traditional classification, the Articulata have toothed hinges between the valves. In the Inarticulata the two parts of the shell are held together only by muscles.87–93

References 

Molluscs
Brachiopods
Animal anatomy
Stotting (or pronking) is a behaviour of some bovines, particularly gazelles. They spring into the air, and lift all four feet off the ground simultaneously. Usually, the legs are held in a relatively stiff position and the back may be arched with the head pointing downward.  Many explanations of stotting have been proposed. At least in some cases it is an honest signal to predators that the stotting animal is not worth pursuing.

Some possible explanations 
Stotting makes a prey animal more visible and uses up energy and time that could be spent escaping. Therefore, it is assumed that it must bring some benefit to the stotting animal. A number of possible explanations have been proposed. Stotting may be:
A good means of rapid escape or jumping over obstructions. This cannot be true in Thomson's gazelles because they do not stot when a predator is less than about 40 m away. 
 An anti-ambush behaviour: animals in tall grass may leap into the air to detect potential predators.
 An alarm signal to other members of the herd that a predator is hazardously close thereby increasing the survival rate of the herd.  
 A social behaviour, making it more difficult for a predator to target any individual during an attack (much like the suggestion that zebra stripes cause motion dazzle). 
 An honest signal of the animal's fitness. Stotting could be a way of deterring pursuit by warning a predator of the animal's unsuitability as prey: the prey benefits by not being chased (because it is in fact very fit); the predator benefits by not wasting time chasing an animal it is unlikely to catch.
An instance of Amotz Zahavi's handicap principle: stotting is signalling to predators that the animal is so fit it can escape even if it slows itself down with some apparently useless behaviour (i.e. stotting).
 A predator detection signal: the animal signals to the predator that it has been seen and therefore does not have the advantage of surprise. Many such signals exist in different groups of animals. Again, this would be an honest pursuit deterrence signal, benefiting the prey by not being chased and benefitting the predator by not wasting time stalking prey when it has already been seen. Evidence for this hypothesis is that cheetahs abandon more hunts when their gazelle prey stots, and when they do give chase to a stotting gazelle, they are far less likely to make a kill. However, gazelles stot less often to cheetahs (which stalk and would therefore probably give up when detected) than to African wild dogs, which "course" (chase prey relentlessly, not relying on surprise).
A fitness display to potential mates in a sexual selection process rather than a defence against predators.
 Play, especially in young animals, may help to prepare them for adult life. Stotting is sometimes observed in immature animals, but stotting is generally seen in adult prey responding to predators.
The English evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith concludes that "the natural explanation is that stotting is an index of condition and of escape capability", used as a signal especially to coursing predators. He also observes that "it is hard to see how it could be a handicap", unless perhaps it is a signal to other gazelles of the same species.

References

Ethology
Animal communication
Definition
Karl Burkart defines a green economy as based on six main sectors:
 Renewable energy i.e., Sustainable energy such as Solar energy and Wind energy.
 Green buildings i.e., Eco-friendly constructions and practices. 
 Sustainable transport i.e., Electric vehicle, Hybrid vehicle
 Water management i.e., Water coservation and recycling.
 Waste management i.e.,  Reusing the waste and improving Carbon footprint. For example, sustainable fashion.
 Land management i.e., Sustainable development of land in terms of farming, forestation, housing etc.

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) representing global business defines green economy as “an economy in which economic growth and environmental responsibility work together in a mutually reinforcing fashion while supporting progress on social development”.
In 2012, the ICC published the Green Economy Roadmap. It states that a shift towards a green economy requires the following:
 Open and competitive markets
 Metrics, accounting, and reporting
 Finance and investment
 Awareness
 Life cycle approach
 Resource efficiency and decoupling
 Employment
 Education and skills
 Governance and partnership
 Integrated policy and decision-making

Criticisms
Criticisms 

A number of organisations and individuals have criticised aspects of the 'Green Economy'. The research organisation ETC Group argues that the corporate emphasis on a biobased economy "will spur even greater convergence of corporate power and unleash the most massive resource grab in more than 500 years." Venezuelan professor Edgardo Lander says that the UNEP's report, Towards a Green Economy, while well-intentioned "ignores the fact that the capacity of existing political systems to (regulate and restrict)... is seriously limited by the political and financial power of the corporations." Ulrich Hoffmann, in a paper for UNCTAD also says that the focus on Green Economy and "green growth" in particular, "based on an evolutionary (and often reductionist) approach will not be sufficient to cope with the complexities of climate change". He added it "may rather give much false hope and excuses to do nothing really fundamental that can
bring about a U-turn of global greenhouse gas emissions.
References

Further reading 
 College Graduates Will Clean Up in the Green Economy, Huffington Post
 Building a Green Economy, The New York Times

Other websites
 

Green politics
Natural resources
Sustainable development
Chevrolet Spark is a city car sold by General Motors. It was first introduced in 1998 as Daewoo Matiz. In 2002 it was redesigned for a second generation. It began to be exported and sold under various names including Chevrolet Joy and Pontiac Matiz. In 2007 the third generation was introduced. It was only sold as Chevrolet and Daewoo. GM plans to stop making the Spark and replace it with a brand new vehicle called the Opel Karl. GM will still use the Spark name in U.S., Korean and Australian markets. Ever since its first generation the Spark is only offered as a 5-door hatchback.

References 

Spark
Holden
Héricourt is a commune located in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in the Haute-Saône department in eastern France. About  people live there.

Communes in Haute-Saône
Gray is a commune located in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in the Haute-Saône department in eastern France. About  people live there.

History 
It was, since the Middle Ages, an important river port, an important trading center in Franche-Comté.

Gray is believed to have got its name from an old landed estate in its area owned by a family with Gallo-Roman origins having the name "Gradus", cognate with the Celtic "Grady" meaning "illustrious" or "noble".

Geography 
Gray is situated on the banks of the river Saône. It is the last major town in Haute-Saône before the Saône flows into Côte-d'Or.

References 

Communes in Haute-Saône
The Dodge Charger is an American full-size car. They are marketed through the Dodge division of Chrysler. Several different vehicles built on at least three different chassis have had the Charger name.

History 
Notable years in Charger history are:

1966 through 1968 
The Dodge Charger first premiered with the 1966 models. Dodge added a fastback roof on their Coronet (B-body). Inside there were four bucket seats with a full length console. Engines included the 318 cid (cubic inch displacement), the 361 cid, 383 cid and a 426 Hemi. Transmissions included a three-speed manual, four-speed manual and Torqueflite automatic. In 1968 the Charger was restyled to improve sales. But as the muscle car era was nearly over, sales went down.
1975 through 1978 
Dodge introduced the Charger SE in 1975. It was a clone of the Chrysler Cordoba. Like the Cordoba it was a luxury car. The base engine was the 360 cid. The 318 cid and the 400 cid engines were optional. A new  new Charger Daytona model was available with larger tires. It had no resemblance to the NASCAR Daytona Charger. In 1975 Dodge chargers won 14 NASCAR Grand National races. But they did it in 1974 Chargers. The 1975 Chargers were just too heavy. In 1978 Chrysler was facing financial troubles. Lee Iacocca turned Chrysler around and by 1983 the company was making money again.
2006 to 2014 
The Dodge Charger was re-introduced in 2006. The new Charger is a four-door sedan. It rides on the new rear-wheel drive LX platform sharing similarities with the Chrysler 300. In 2011 the next generation was launched. The styling of the 2011 was like the late 1960s muscle car Chargers. The Pentastar 3.6 liter V6 was the base engine. The 292 hp V6 engine got 21 mpg city and 31 mpg on the highway using an 8-speed automatic transmission. The combination could move the Charger from 0-60 mph in 6.6 seconds. It was available in rear-wheel drive or  all-wheel drive.

References 

1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Sayaka Osakabe (; born 1978) is a Japanese magazine editor and women's rights activist.  She went to court because of Japan's Equal Opportunities law.  The government decided that discrimination against women because of pregnancy is illegal. In 2015, the U.S State Department gave Osakabe the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 
Sayaka Osakabe was born in Japan in 1978. She had a job as a magazine editor. She became pregnant, so she asked her boss for shorter work hours.  Osakabe's boss wanted her to quit her job. Osakabe was pregnant twice and she lost the baby twice.  Then Osakabe asked for a leave of absence so she could leave her job to become pregnant, then return to the job.  Her boss refused.  Osakabe quit her job, but she took her case to a labor tribunal.  In June, 2014, Osakabe won her case.

Work 
Osakabe started a support group called Matahara Net.  The word comes from the English words "maternity and harassment".   The word "matahara" is now a legal term.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1978 births
Living people
Japanese activists
People from Kanagawa Prefecture
Arbana Xharra is a journalist from Kosovo. In 2015 she won the International Women of Courage Award from the US State Department.

Work 

Arbana Xharra became a journalist in 2001. She worked for Koha Ditore, Kosovo's first independent newspaper, in 2006 and 2007. She wrote for Balkan Insight and is now editor-in-chief of Zëri.

Xharra writes about many public issues. In 2006 she investigated government expense reports and problems with financial management.  In 2007, she wrote about inflation and food shortages.  In 2010 she wrote a report about the finances of the state-run Telecom of Kosovo. 

In 2012, Xharra had legal problems.  She wrote a report about government corruption and about politicians' connections with local business.  The court decided that Xharra acted correctly. They said she followed the Code of Ethics for print media of Kosovo.
In 2012, Xharra investigated the increase of religious activity in the former Yugoslavia. She wrote about religious extremism and its effect on society. When she investigated Islamic extremists in Kosovo, she found connections with terrorist organizations. Xharra's report helped the government with the problem.  After the report, she received death threats.

Awards 

Xharra won the UNDP Prize three times--in 2006, 2007, and 2008--for her articles on corruption in Kosovo. In 2012 she won a Balkan Fellowship for Journalistic Excellence and studied the changing attitudes towards Islam in Kosovo. In 2013 she won the Rexhai Surroi Award from the KOHA Group for an article on extremism.  She also won the Stirring Up Debate Award from INPO Ferizaj  for starting public discussion on religious extremism. In 2015 she won the US Secretary of State's International Women of Courage Award.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Living people
Journalists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1981 births
Kosovan politicians
The Life Ball is a charity event, held each year in Vienna. It is an event to help raise funds to combat HIV. It is one of the biggest such events in the world. Gery Keszler and Torgom Petrosian started the foundation in 1993. Torgom Petrosian, a doctor who was affected, has since died of AIDS. 

Many people notable from public life take part in the opening ceremony. The event is known for its extravagant style.  

1993 establishments in Europe
Charity events
HIV/AIDS
Vienna
1990s establishments in Austria
Garabed Sarkis "Garo" Yepremian (June 2, 1944 – May 15, 2015) was an American football placekicker. He played in the National Football League for the Detroit Lions, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1966 to 1981.

Yepremian was born in Larnaca, southern Cyprus to Armenian parents. He died from brain cancer on May 15, 2015 in Media, Pennsylvania, aged 70.

References

Other websites
 

1944 births
2015 deaths
American football placekickers
Cancer deaths in Pennsylvania
Deaths from brain cancer
Detroit Lions players
Miami Dolphins players
New Orleans Saints players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Reykjavík-Keflavík Airport (also called Keflavik Airport) is the largest and busiest airport in Iceland. It is the country's main hub for international flights. The airport is  west of the Icelandic capital, Reykjavík. The airport has three runways. Most international flights to or from Iceland pass through this airport.

The main airlines at Keflavík are Icelandair and WOW Air. Both make the airport their main hub. The airport handles almost all international flights. Most domestic flights are flown from Reykjavík Airport. It is only  from Reykjavík. Keflavík Airport is operated by Isavia, a government enterprise.

History
Until World War II Iceland had very little contact with the United States. Because of the strategic importance of Iceland to the war in Europe The US and Iceland signed a treaty in June 1941. The Americans built military bases on land provided by Iceland. Construction on the airport began on 2 July 1942. It was occupied by US troops on 24 March 1943 and named Meeks field. After the war the US wanted to keep their bases but the Icelandic government said no. Ownership of Keflavik airport was returned to Iceland while the American military turned over their facilities to an American company to run for them. When Iceland joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949, they sided firmly with the Americans in the Cold War. In 1951 a new treaty was signed and the American military returned to Iceland. During the cold war the Icelandic bases were used for surveillance in the North Atlantic. In the 1990s, with the end of the cold war, the US scaled back its operations in Iceland
. In 2006 it closed down its base at Keflavik.
Keflavik 
During the 1950s two airlines served Iceland. Loftleidir Icelandic flew between Luxembourg and New York stopping in Iceland. The other carrier was Flugfelag Islands. They flew to Europe from Reykjavik. Sometime after the start of the jet age both moved to Keflavik. The two companies later joined together as “Icelandair”. In April 1987, the airport got the "Leifur Eiriksson International Air Terminal". It was remodeled and extended in 2001. When the US military left in 2006, the government owned company ISAVIA took over control. The company operates all airports and navigational aids in Iceland.
Leifur Eiríksson terminal 
According to an article in USA Today, Leifur Eiriksson Air Terminal was ranked second best in the world. According to Frommers.com "Iceland's cozy, little international airport looks like it arrived in a flat pack from Ikea". The airport has beautiful views of the rugged Islandic landscape. The Leifur Eiríksson Terminal is well lit, clean and easy to navigate for travelers. It is open 24 hours a day. The tax-free and duty-free shops are available both for arriving and departing passengers.

References

Other websites 
 For children at Keflavík

1943 establishments in Europe
Airports in Europe
Transport in Iceland
1940s establishments in Iceland
Pontiac G6 was a mid-sized automobile sold by the Pontiac division of General Motors. It was available as a coupe, sedan or convertible. The G6 was introduced in 2005 to replace the Grand Am. The last model year for the G6 was 2010. It was unchanged from the 2009 model. General Motors declared bankruptcy in 2009 and Pontiac division was discontinued. The 2010 G6 was the very last U.S. built Pontiac.

References 

Pontiac automobiles
Iceland Express was a low-cost airline from Iceland. It began in 2002. Reykjavík-Keflavík Airport used to be their main hub. WOW Air bought the airline in 2012.

References

2002 establishments in Europe
2012 disestablishments in Europe
Airlines of Europe
Transport in Iceland
Establishments in Iceland
Organizations based in Iceland
Braniff International Airways was an American airline. The company started in 1928. The first flight was between Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma on 20 June 1928. Called the Paul R. Braniff Inc. Airline, it set up service between Oklahoma City and Tulsa three days a week. During World War II it lost half it's fleet to government service. After the war, Braniff began flying to South America. It served Brazil, Argentina, Columbia and Peru. Braniff became the first all-jet airline in 1960. After the airline deregulation of 1978, Braniff found the air fare competition cut into profits. The recession had caused fewer passengers. Braniff found itself with too many air routes. With rising interest rates and fuel prices, the company debt became a major problem. Braniff declared bankruptcy in 1982. Its last flight was on May 12, 1982.

Gallery

References

Airlines of North America
1928 establishments in the United States
1982 disestablishments in the United States
The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt began when Lower and Upper Egypt were joined together as one country in about 3100 BC. This was called the Two Lands. The First and Second Dynasties ruled during this time. It ended in about 2686 BC, at the beginning of the Old Kingdom.

The capital city of the Two Lands was moved from Thinis to Memphis. The united Egypt was ruled by an Egyptian god-king. The main features of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and religion, took shape during this time.

Before the Early Dynastic Period, Egypt was settled with small, separate villages. The rulers were able to set up a government system across the whole country, run by local royal governors. Government buildings were usually open-air temples made of wood or sandstone. Writing, in hieroglyphs began to be used just before this period. Little is known about the spoken language.

Cultural development
By about 3600 BC, neolithic Egyptian societies on the River Nile were growing crops and farming with animals.  Shortly after 3600 BC Egyptian society began to grow and advance rapidly. They made pottery in a new style and began using copper. The Egyptians began using sun-dried bricks for building. They also started using the arch, and recessed walls for decorative effect.
The societies and towns on the upper Nile River, or Upper Egypt began to join together. This was also happening in the Nile Delta, or Lower Egypt. There were often wars between Upper and Lower Egypt. During his rule in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies on the Delta. He joined the Kingdom of Upper and Lower Egypt together under his rule.  Narmer is shown in pictures wearing the double crown, called the Pschent, with the lotus flower of Upper Egypt and the papyrus reed of Lower Egypt. These symbols of a united Egypt were used by all future rulers.  In mythology, the falcon-god, Horus of Lower Egypt, won a battle over the god Seth, of Upper Egypt. This helped start the idea that Egyptian kings were gods and divine, which lasted for 3,000 years. It was the basis of Egypt's government.  The unification of societies of the Nile has also been linked to the drying of the Sahara.
Rich people began to have more complex funeral practices. The Egyptians began building mastabas which became models for later buildings, such as the Old Kingdom's Step pyramid. The growing of cereal crops and the use of central control to organize farm workers helped the success of the state for the next 800 years.

It seems certain that Egypt was unified culturally and economically long before its first king ruled from the city of Memphis. Political unification was a slow process, taking place over a century or so. Local areas started trading networks and governments were able to organize farm workers on a large scale. Divine kingship gained importance as the cults of gods like Horus, Seth and Neith spread across the country.

The Egyptian writing system was further developed. At first Egyptian writing was a few symbols showing amounts of various items. By the end of the third dynasty it had been grown to more than 200 symbols, both phonograms and ideograms.

First Pharaoh
First Pharaoh

Manetho, an Egyptian historian, said almost three thousand years later that Menes was the first king of the Two Lands. Menes is probably Narmer, the earliest recorded king of the First Dynasty Narmer's name is on the king lists of Den and Qa'a. The first dynasty kings saw Narmer as an important founding figure. Narmer is also the earliest king linked to the symbols of power over the two lands. The Narmer palette, a special cosmetic palette designed for ritual use, shows him wearing the Pschent, the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. Another theory is that Narmer was the last king of the Protodynastic Period and that Menes was Hor-Aha.

References

Further reading

Other websites
Narmer Palette

3rd millennium BC in Egypt
4th millennium BC in Egypt
In geometry, an Archimedean solid is a convex shape which is composed of polygons. It is a polyhedron, with the following properties:
 Each face is made of a regular polygon
 All the corners of the shape look the same
 The shape is neither a platonic solid, nor a prism, nor an antiprism.
Depending on the way there are counted, there are thirteen or fifteen such shapes.  Of two of these shapes, there are two versions, which cannot be made congruent using rotation. The Archimedean solids are named after the Ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes, who probably discovered them in the 3rd century BC. The writings of Archimedes have been lost, but  Pappus of Alexandria summarized them in the 4th century. During the Renaissance, artists and mathematicians valued pure forms and rediscovered all of these forms.  Johannes Kepler probably completed this search around 1620.

Constructing an Archimedean solid takes at least two different polygons.
Properties 
 Archimedean solids are made of regular polygons, therefore all edges have the same length.
 All Archimedean solids can be produced from Platonic solids, by "cutting the edges" of the platonic solid.
 The type of polygons meting at a corner ("vertex") characterizes both the archimedean and platonic solid

Relationship with Platonic solids 

Platonic solids can be turned into Archimedean solids by following a series of rules for their construction.

Listing of Archimedean solids 
The following is a listing of all Archimedean solids

References 

 
Archimedes
Gigablast is a small web search engine based in New Mexico. It was started by Matt Wells in 2000 and was part of Infoseek.

In July 2013, the website's source code was released under the Apache License.

References

Other websites 
 
 Source code

Search engines