Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (), often simply called Morozov Design Bureau or abbreviated KMDB, is a defense company owned by the government of Ukraine. The company is  in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It makes armoured vehicles. These include the T-80UD and T-84 main battle tanks, as well as military prime movers.  It was responsible for the Soviet BT tank series and the T-34, T-54, and T-64 tanks. It is associated with the Malyshev Factory.

Manufacturing companies of Ukraine
Military of Ukraine
Military of the Soviet Union
Tanks
Kharkiv
1927 establishments in Europe
Cornufer mamusiorum is a frog. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: the Nakanai Mountains in Papua New Guinea. People have seen it more than 1500 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is about 27.4 to 30.7 mm long from nose to rear end.

This frog lives in rainforests in the mountains.

References

Frogs of Oceania
Concerns have been raised about the militarization of police. Both liberal and conservative groups, such as the Cato Institute and American Civil Liberties Union, have criticized this practice. The Fraternal Order of Police argue that it increases officer safety and protect the public, but studies have shown that militarized police units are more likely to have violent encounters with the public, they are more frequently deployed to communities with large African American population, no matter the local crime rate.

Many countries have a gendarmerie, which is a military force with police duties among civilians.

Related pages 

 Police brutality
 Militarization

References
The 2026 California gubernatorial election will be held on Tuesday, November 3, 2026, to elect the governor of California. Incumbent Governor Gavin Newsom will be term limited through the state's constitution and cannot run for reelection to a third term.

Background

Eligibility and requirements 
Section 5 of the California Constitution states for a person to serve as governor, you must be at least 18 years old, and have been a citizen of the United States and California for at least five years. The state's constitution forbids anyone from being elected governor more than twice.

Possible debate topics

Abortion 
The Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision in June 2022, which overturned the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision and permitted U.S. states to fully ban abortion for the first time in nearly 50 years, has made abortion a more possible issue. In the 2026 election, the topic of abortion is expected to play a major role in the Republican Party.
Crime 
Due to mass shootings increasingly surging in the United States, the Democratic Party has advocated for an assault weapons ban. This is most likely a major campaign topic to play out in both parties.

Candidates

Democratic Party

Declared
Eleni Kounalakis, Lieutenant Governor of California (2019–present)
Jesse Perez, FFA Secretary (2023–present) and former FFA Treasurer (2022–2023)
Betty Yee, California Democratic Party Vice Chair (2021–present) and former California State Controller (2015–2023)
Tony Fitzpatrick, former 2026 Los Angeles mayoral candidate, LGBTQIA+ activist & political activist

Publicly expressed interest
Rob Bonta, Attorney General of California (2021–present)
Antonio Villaraigosa, former Mayor of Los Angeles (2005–2013)
 Tony Thurmond, California State Superintendent of Public Instruction (2019–present)
Potential
Toni Atkins, President pro tempore of the California State Senate (2018–present) from the 39th district (2016–present)
Karen Bass, Mayor of Los Angeles (2022–present), former U.S. Representative from  (2011–2022), and former Speaker of the California State Assembly (2008–2010)
Kamala Harris, Vice President of the United States (2021–present) and former U.S. Senator for California (2017–2021)

Withdrew
Fiona Ma, California State Treasurer (2019–present) (running for lieutenant governor)

Republican Party

Publicly Expressed Interest 

 Lanhee Chen, Stanford University professor and runner-up for California State Controller in 2022

Endorsements

References

2026 elections
California elections
Child Benefit ( used to be called family allowance) is a Social Security benefit for people in the United Kingdom.  It was started in 1946 by Clement Attlee's government. 

There was a tax allowance for children from 1909 to 1979. 

The Family Allowances Act 1945 set a rate of five shillings a week for each child, after the first. It was paid up to the age of 15.  The amount increased  over time. It was  £1.50 for each child after the first in 1975. The age limit was then 18.

In 1975 family allowances stopped. Child Benefit was paid for all children. £1 a week for the first child and £1.50 for the other children. An extra 50p was payable to single parents. In 1998, Tony Blair's government increased the first child rate by more than 20%. It stopped the single parent rate. 

The rate is £21.80 a week for the first child and £14.45 for the others. It is paid until the child is 16. If they are in  approved education or training it goes on until their 20th birthday.
From January 2013, people earning more than £50,000 per year have part of their benefit stopped. People earning over £60,000 do not get any.

A person bringing up someone else’s child because the parents are dead or missing can get an extra payment called Guardian's Allowance. This is  £18.55 a week a child on top of Child Benefit.

References 

Social security in the United Kingdom
Sigismund I the Old (Polish: Zygmunt I Stary, Lithuanian: Žygimantas II Senasis; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until his death in 1548. Sigismund I was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the son of Casimir IV and younger brother of Kings John I Albert and Alexander I Jagiellon. He was nicknamed "the Old" in later historiography to distinguish him from his son and successor, Sigismund II Augustus.

Kings of Poland
Wallia or Walha (Spanish: Walia, Portuguese Vália), (c. 385 – 418) was king of the Visigoths from 415 to 418, earning a reputation as a great warrior and wise ruler. He was elected to the throne after Athaulf and Sigeric were assassinated in 415

380s births
410s deaths
Visigothic kings
Bexley is an eastern suburb of Christchurch. It is on the west bank of the Avon River and borders the suburb of Aranui. State Highway 74 runs through the suburb and suffered from earthquake damage in 2010 and 2011.

References 

Christchurch
B-15 is an iceberg. It broke off from the Antarctic ice shelf in the year 2000, and was as large as Jamaica (over 10,000 km2). It started to break up into smaller pieces, some of which still remain in 2008.
Antarctic region
B15 or B-15 may refer to:

 Iceberg B-15
 London Buses route B15
 One of the ECO codes for the Caro–Kann Defence in chess
 Nissan Sentra chassis code, years 2000–2006
 A nickname for Brandon Marshall
Fuentealbilla is a municipality of 1,821 people (2022). It is in the province of Albacete in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha in Spain. The nearest town is Albacete, about 44 km away.

Former Spain international footballer Andrés Iniesta was born here.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Fuentealbilla 

Municipalities in Castile-La Mancha
Province of Albacete
Saulzoir is a commune. It is in the Nord department in north France.

It is on the river Selle. About 1700 people lived here in 2019. The commune was the site of the Battle of the Sabis between Julius Caesar and the Nervians.

Related pages 
 Communes of the Nord department

References

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Damián Emiliano Martínez (born 2 September 1992) is an Argentine football player. He plays as a goalkeeper for Aston Villa and the Argentina national team.

References 

1992 births
Living people
Argentine association football goalkeepers
Arsenal F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Premier League players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Blanes is a municipality of 40,579 people (2022). It is in the province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain. It is a popular tourist town in the Costa Brava.

Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Girona
Recanati is an Italian city in Marche. About 21,500 people live there. Tenor Beniamino Gigli and poet Giacomo Leopardi were born here.

Cities in Marche
Province of Macerata
The 1992-93 Austrian Cup was  Austria's nationwide football cup competition. FK Austria Wien were the defending champions.

Second round
First round with teams from the first and  second league

Round of 32

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final 

SK Rapid Wien:
Michael Konsel - Robert Pecl - Patrick Jovanovic - Michael Hatz - Franz Weber - Franz Blizenec - Sergej Mandreko - Dietmar Kühbauer - Karl Brauneder - Gerhard Rodax -  Jan Åge Fjørtoft coach: August Starek
 FC Wacker Innsbruck:
Milan Oraze - Michael Streiter - Harald Schneider - Andrzej Lesiak - Helmut Lorenz - Manfred Linzmaier - Michael Baur - Heinz Peischl - Robert Wazinger - Vaclav Danek - Christoph Westerthaler coach:  Werner Schwarz

Top goalscorers

References 

Austrian Cup
1993 in association football
1990s in Austria
Keith Thomson (26 February 1941, Methven – 26 January 2023, Christchurch) was a New Zealand cricketer and hockey player who played in the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. He played two tests in cricket and 28 tests in hockey.

Other websites
 
 

1941 births
2023 deaths
New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand hockey players
George Sear (born 14 November 1997) is a British television and film actor known for playing Benji in the Hulu series Love, Victor; a spin-off of the 2018 film Love, Simon.

Life and career 
Sear was born in Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England on 14 November 1997 to parents Simon Sear and BBC celebrity baking expert Juliet Sear. His first television appearance was in 2009 in the ITV Series The Bill in which he played the character Noah Morris. George also played the leading role of Seb Crossley in the Disney Channel series The Evermoor Chronicles from 2014 to 2016.
His most recent and well-known role so far is that of Benji in the Hulu Series Love, Victor, where he stars as the love interest of lead character Victor Salazar, played by co-star Michael Cimino. The spin-off series from the film Love, Simon focuses on Victor; a latinx teen who has to deal with adjusting to a new city and school, while struggling with his identity surrounding his sexual orientation after coming to the realization that he is developing a crush on his fellow classmate Benji.

Filmography

Movies

TV series

References

External links 

Living people
1997 births
English television actors
English movie actors
People from Essex
Roman Mählich (born 17 September 1971) is an Austrian football manager and a former player. He played for different Austrian football clubs as midfielder.

Club career
Mählich started his career in the youth ranks of FC Hellas Kagran and Wiener Sport-Club. At Wiener Sport-Club he also started  his professional career. Then he moved to FC Tirol Innsbruck in 1994. After one season he went to SK Sturm Graz. With this team he had his most successful time. He won 2 league titles and 3 Cups. He played also  in the UEFA Champions League.

After 8 seasons in Graz, he played for some lower league sides as well as for the Austria Wien Amateure.

International career
He made his debut for Austria in a September 1992 friendly match against Portugal . He played in the 1998 FIFA World Cup. He earned 20 caps. His last international was a May 2002 friendly match against Germany.
Coaching career
From August 2009, Mählich trained the first team of SC-ESV Parndorf 1919 in the Austrian Regionalliga Ost. From December 2009 to June 2012 he worked as a trainer at SC Lassee. After having coached SC Mannsdorf and SV St. Margarethen, he was coach of the amateurs at Wiener Austria from March 2015 until the end of the season. From 2016 he acted as an assistant coach.

In June 2017  Mählich became coach of the second division club SC Wiener Neustadt. In November 2018 he became coach of Bundesliga club SK Sturm Graz for which he had already played. In June 2019 they separated from Mählich. In September 2019 he became coach of the second division club SC Austria Lustenau. In June 2020 he left Lustenau. After that he became expert for  Austrian television.

Honours
Austrian Football Bundesliga (2):
 1998, 1999
Austrian Cup (3):
 1996, 1997, 1999

Other websites

 
 
 Roman Mählich at Footballdatabase

References
References

1971 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
1996
1998 FIFA World Cup players
SK Sturm Graz players
Association football midfielders
Austrian football managers
SC Wiener Neustadt managers
SK Sturm Graz managers
Austrian football champions
The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) is a government department in the United Kingdom.  It was set up in 2001 when the Department for Social Security was closed.  It took over some the work of the  Department for Education and Employment.  It pays Social security benefits in the United Kingdom.   

Mel Stride is the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. 

It runs:    
 Jobcentre Plus
 the Pension Service     
 Disability and Carers Service.    
 Child Maintenance Group     

It is also responsible for the Health and Safety Executive, The Pensions Regulator and the Money and Pensions service. They are non-departmental public bodies.

Other websites
 
 DWP YouTube channel

References 

Departments of the United Kingdom Government
2001 establishments in the United Kingdom
Social security in the United Kingdom
Cutleria is extinct genus of carnivorous  Pelycosaurs. It is known from the early Permian period (Sakmarian stage) of Colorado.

Fossils
Jobcentre Plus is part of the Department for Work and Pensions in the United Kingdom. 

In 2019 there were 638 offices in the country.  In 2022 194 new temporary Jobcentres and  150 Youth Hubs were set up by Thérèse Coffey.  This was part of the government’s Way to Work Campaign to get more people across Great Britain into work.

Universal Credit, Jobseeker's Allowance, Employment and Support Allowance, Maternity Allowance, Bereavement benefits  and Social Fund payments are managed by people in the Jobcentres.  Work Coaches at the Jobcentres are employed to help people get support they need to get into work.

History
History 

Labour exchanges were set up by Herbert Asquith's government in 1910. They were soon renamed employment exchanges. When the National Insurance system started in 1913 Unemployment Benefit was paid there. They were also used to pay National Assistance after 1948. Unemployed people had to sign on once every 2 weeks to get their money. Separate Jobcentres were started in 1973. They advertised jobs.  Unemployed people had to sign on there to look for work and then collect their money from the employment exchange. Later the employment exchanges were turned into Jobcentres.

They paid out about £100 million a year in benefits in 2005/6. In 2010 there were about 71,000 people working in 750 Jobcentres.

References 

2002 establishments in the United Kingdom
Social security in the United Kingdom
Adolf  Vogl (4 May 1910 – 9 April 1993) was an Austrian football forward. He played for 20 caps for Austria and scored six goals. Vogl also played for FC Admira Wacker Mödling, Excelsior AC Roubaix and Wiener AC.

Career
Vogl started his career with the second league team SC Neubau. In 1927 he went to Admira Wien. Together with Anton Schall he formed a successful striker duo there. Adi Vogl spent the 1937/38 season in France with Excelsior AC Roubaix. After he came back to Austria he played again for Admira. The end of his career in 1947 he spent with Wiener AC.

International career
He started his national team career on 16 May 1931 in a 5-0 win over Scotland.  Here he scored his first goal for Austria. He was a player of the famous Austrian Wunderteam. His last match was on 22 March 1936 versus Czechoslowakia. He played 20 matches for Austria and scored six goals.

References
References 

1910 births
1993 deaths
Players of the Austrian national football team
Association football forwards
Austrian footballers
Austrian football forwards
Bron is a commune. It is in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in east France. About 42,200 people live there.

Geography 
Bron is  east of Lyon and is the sixth-largest suburb of the city of Lyon.

Sights 
The Fort de Bron, built between 1872 and 1876, is part of the second belt of fortifications around Lyon.

Twin towns 
Bron is twinned with:
  Cumbernauld, Scotland, United Kingdom
  Grimma, Germany
  Weingarten, Germany
  Talavera de la Reina, Spain

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Communes in Rhône
Gabriel Fernando de Jesus (born 3 April 1997) is a Brazilian football player. He plays as a forward for Arsenal and the Brazil national team.

References 

1997 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo
Association football forwards
Manchester City F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Premier League players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Shelton is a city in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the county seat of Mason County. 10,371 people lived here at the 2020 census.

References 

Cities in Washington (state)
County seats in Washington (state)
Sebourg is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,974 people lived there.

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Sémeries is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 544 people lived there.

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Semousies is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 237 people lived there.

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
La Sentinelle is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 3,117 people lived there.

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Sequedin is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 4,775 people lived there.

Twin towns 
Sequedin is twinned with:
  Maureilhan, France, since 1989

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Maureilhan is a commune of 2,260 people (2019). It is in Occitanie in the Hérault department in south France.

Communes in Hérault
The region known as Hispanic America (in Spanish called Hispanoamérica or América Hispana) and historically as Spanish America (América Española) during the Spanish colonization, is the part of the Americas that includes the Spanish-speaking countries and territories of North and South America. (It does not include the Portuguese-speaking country of Brazil and the French-speaking countries and territories of Haiti, French Guiana and of the Caribbean, which along with Hispanic America, make up Latin America.) In all of these countries, Spanish is the official language, sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages (such as Guaraní, Quechua, Aymara, or Mayan) or English (in Puerto Rico), and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
Countries and territories that make up Hispanic America 
  Argentina
  Bolivia
  Chile
  Colombia
  Costa Rica
  Cuba
  Dominican Republic
  Ecuador
  El Salvador
  Guatemala
  Honduras
  Mexico
  Nicaragua
  Panama
  Paraguay
  Peru
 
  Uruguay
  Venezuela

Related pages 
 Latin America (includes all Spanish, Portuguese and French-speaking countries and territories of North America and South America)

Notes

References 

Geography of North America
Geography of South America
Inírida, formerly Puerto Inírida, is  a city in Colombia. It is the capital of Guainía Department.

Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments
Quibdó is a city in Colombia. It is the capital of Chocó Department.

Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments
Cornufer wuenscheorum is a frog. It lives in the mountains in the middle of Yapen Island in Indonesia.

First paper

References

Frogs of Oceania
Manizales is a city in Colombia. It is the capital of Caldas Department. About 430,000 people live there. The city is known for the production of Colombian coffee and is near the volcano Nevado del Ruiz.

Manizales was founded on October 12, 1849.

Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments
19th-century establishments in Colombia
1840s establishments in South America
1849 establishments
Caldas Department
Séranvillers-Forenville is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 414 people lived there.

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Sercus is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 476 people lived there.

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Rives is a village in Dunklin County, Missouri, United States.

Villages in Missouri
Kingdom City is a village in Callaway County, Missouri, United States.

Villages in Missouri
Callaway County, Missouri
Birmingham is a village in Clay County, Missouri, United States.

Villages in Missouri
Josef  Blum (4 February   1898 - 18 October  1956 ) was an Austrian football player and  coach.  He played as defender for Nußdorfer AC and First Vienna FC. He was player and captain of the Austrian Wunderteam in the early 1930s.

Career
Josef Blum began his career in 1913 at Nußdorfer AC. In 1918 he moved to the then second division club First Vienna FC. The same season they were promoted to the First division. Blum celebrated great successes as a player with the Vienna. In 1929 and 1930 he won the Austrian Cup with his club, in 1931 he was Austrian champion and winner of the Mitropapokal and in 1933 again champion.
International career
Blum made his debut for the Austrian national team on 7 November 1920  in a 2-1 win over Hungary in Budapest. From 1920 to 1932 he made a total of 51 appearances in the national team. He was its undisputed captain for twelve years. At the first game of the miracle team on16 May 1931 against Scotland, Josef Blum was already 33 years old. Josef Blum played his last game in the national team on 24 April 1932 in Vienna in an 8-2 triumph over Hungary. Overall he played 51 matches and scored three goals.

Manager career
After his active career as a soccer player he coached Wiener Austria, Racing Strasbourg, First Vienna FC, Wiener Sport-Club and SV Kapfenberg. In 1933, in his very first year, he celebrated his greatest successes as a coach with Austria. They won the Vienna Cup and the Mitropapokal.
Honours
as player
 2 × Austrian champion: 1931, 1933 
 2 × Austrian Cup: 1929, 1930 
 1 × Mitropacup: 1931 (Vienna)
as manager
 1 × Austrian Cup: 1933 (Austria)
 1 × Mitropacup: 1933 (Austria)
 1 × Coupe de France: Finalist

References
Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) is a Social Security benefit in the United Kingdom. It is paid by employers to their employees when they are off work because of pregnancy.

The mother must have been working for the same employer for six months continuously in the week 14 weeks before the baby is due.  For the last eight weeks of that time they must have been getting at least enough to pay National Insurance Contributions.

For the first six weeks they get 90% of their normal pay. Then for 33 weeks they get £156.66 a week or 90% of their normal pay if that is less. 

People may get Universal Credit at the same time. Maternity Allowance is usually paid to working women who do not get Statutory Maternity Pay.

References 

Social security in the United Kingdom
Babies
Alexander Jagiellon (Polish: Aleksander Jagiellończyk, Lithuanian: Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagiellon. He was Elected grand duke of Lithuania on the death of his father (1492) and king of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert.

Kings of Poland
"Bootie Call" is a 1998 song by band All Saints and is the fourth single from their debut album. It topped the single charts in the United Kingdom and went to the top ten in the Netherlands, Ireland and Iceland and top 40 in Belgium and Sweden.

Track listings

References 

R&B songs
Funk songs
1998 songs
All Saints (group) songs
Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He was the son of Constantine of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess Alix of Lampron . Hethum was the founder of the dynasty which bears his name: the Hethumids. It is also known as the House of Lampron.

1210s births
1270 births
Monarchs of Armenia
"E-Bow the Letter" is a 1996 song by R.E.M. and featuring the backing vocals by Patti Smith. It is the first single from their 10th studio album New Adventures in Hi-Fi. It went to the top 10 in Iceland, the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland and Norway. It went to number 49 in the United States.

Track listings
All songs were written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe, except where noted.
 US CD, cassette, and 7-inch single
UK cassette single
 "E-Bow the Letter" (Seattle studio) – 5:22 (5:24 on UK version)
 "Tricycle" (St. Louis soundcheck) – 1:58 (1:59 on UK version)

 US 12-inch and maxi-CD single
UK and European CD single
 "E-Bow the Letter" (Seattle studio) – 5:22 (5:24 on UK version)
 "Tricycle" (St. Louis soundcheck) – 1:58 (1:59 on UK version)
 "Departure" (Rome soundcheck) – 3:35
 "Wall of Death" (Athens studio)  – 3:07

 Australian CD single
 "E-Bow the Letter" – 5:24
 "Tricycle" – 1:59
 "Departure" (live) – 3:35
 "Wall of Death"  – 3:07

References
References 

1996 songs
R.E.M. songs
Patti Smith songs
Folk rock songs
Songs about drugs
Henricus was a bishop in Ireland during the early 14th century: he was Bishop of Clogher from 1310 until 1316.
1316 deaths
Irish Roman Catholic bishops
Maternity Allowance is a United Kingdom social security benefit for women who work but cannot get Statutory Maternity Pay.  It can be paid from 11th week before the baby is due.  It is paid by the Department for Work and Pensions. 

It is paid to women who have worked and earned at least £30 a week for at least 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before the baby is due.  They can also get it if they have worked with a partner who is self employed  in the 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before the baby is due. 

It is £156.66 a week or 90% of average weekly earnings (whichever is less). It is paid for up to 39 weeks and is not taxed or means-tested.

References 

Social security in the United Kingdom
Babies
"Electrolite" is a 1996 song by R.E.M. and is the third single from their 10th studio album New Adventures in Hi-Fi. It went to number 5 in Iceland, number 29 in the United Kingdom and number 96 in the United States. It has been covered by Radiohead.

Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe.
"Electrolite" – 4:05
"The Wake-Up Bomb" (Live) – 5:07
"Binky the Doormat" (Live) – 5:01
"King of Comedy" (808 State remix) – 5:36

1996 songs
1990s ballads
Rock ballads
R.E.M. songs
Radiohead songs
Alternative rock songs
Folk rock songs
Christopher Young (born April 28, 1958) is an American composer and orchestrator of film and television scores.

Life and career 
Young was born in Red Bank, New Jersey.

Discography

Film

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Influences 
Young stated composers like Bernard Herrmann, David Raksin, David Newman, Peter Bernstein, Michael Kamen, Jean-Michel Jarre, Joel Goldsmith, Carter Burwell, Howard Shore, Alan Silvestri, Hans Zimmer, Mark Isham, Danny Elfman, James Newton Howard, Leonard Bernstein, Chris Mancini, James Horner, Dimitri Tiomkin, John Debney, George Bruns, Oliver Wallace, Leigh Harline, Frank Churchill, Paul Smith and Carl W. Stalling as influences.

References

Other websites 

 

1958 births
American movie score composers
Living people
Musicians from New Jersey
This Is Me... Now is the upcoming ninth studio album by American singer and actress Jennifer Lopez. The album is scheduled to be released in 2023. The record is a sequel to Lopez's third studio album This Is Me... Then (2002). It is her first studio album in nine years, since A.K.A. (2014).

Track listing

References

2023 albums
Jennifer Lopez albums
Hip hop albums
Trap albums
R&B albums
Futurama is an 3D platformer based on the TV series of the same name.

2003 video games
Mange Tout (also called snow pea or sugar pea) is a pea which has an edible pod and is eaten when the pod is young and flat. The name in French explains that you can eat the pod too and it translates to 'eat it all.' It is a garden pea which grows well in a small garden. The season for Mange Tout in the UK is between June and September.  Mange Tout have to be eaten quickly before they spoil. Fresh Mange Tout should be moist and broken crisply. The colour should be green and not yellow.

Faboideae
Vegetables
A means test  is a check that people are poor enough to get help.  Social security, education and healthcare are often free only to people who can show that they are poor.

Poverty is generally judged  in a family or household. The members are expected to support each other.  There may be tests both of regular income and of capital.  People who are thought to be deserving are more likely to be helped without a means test.  

Means testing can be found in ancient Rome, where  200,000 adult male citizens who passed the test were given cheap grain.
The English Poor Laws gave relief to people who were destitute.  Destitution was not defined in the law.   In workhouses  the rule was that conditions in workhouses had to be worse than conditions available outside. This was to stop people choosing not to help themselves.  The National Assistance Act 1948 gave help to people over 16, not in full time work, "who are without resources to meet their requirements, or whose resources must be supplemented in order to meet their requirements."   The National Assistance Board made rules about  resources and requirements but they were not public.  From 1966 there was Supplementary Benefit. The rules were very detailed and public. From 1966 there was Income Support, which was simpler but still public. All these benefits were stopped if a person did more than a very small amount of work.
The development of National Insurance meant that fewer people had to claim means tested benefits. Means testing can be seen as rewarding people for being poor.  More recently various ideas have been suggested to reward people for working, even if they cannot do much work. Basic income is one. 

In the United Kingdom there has been a shift towards more means-tested benefits and away from those based on National Insurance.

References 

Social security
Cornufer nakanaiorum is a frog. It lives in rainforests high in the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.

The audult frog is 34.2 to 35.8 mm long from nose to rear end.

References

Frogs of Oceania
Robert White Creeley (May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005) was an American poet and teacher.

Creeley was born in West Acton, Massachusetts. His father was a doctor who died when Creeley was very young. An accident caused him to lose his left eye before he was five years old.

In 1943, he started at Harvard University. He left Harvard to serve in the American Field Service in Burma and India in 1944–1945. His first poem was printed at Harvard in 1946.

In 1954 the poet Charles Olson asked Creeley to come and teach at Black Mountain College in North Carolina. Creeley would also edit the Black Mountain Review. That college brought together many artists, poets, dancers, and musicians. It was a center for much new art from 1933 to 1957.

At Black Mountain and later, Creeley connected with other poets who shared ideas about poetry. These others included Allen Ginsberg, Denise Levertov, Robert Duncan, Kenneth Rexroth, and Philip Whalen.
In his first important book, For Love, Creeley wrote poems that cared about "the sounds and rhythms of language" and how words were put on the page. One critic said, "We recognise Creeley’s poems first by what they leave out: he uses few long or rare words, no regular metres and almost no metaphors.”

Creeley won many awards. He received the Lannan Lifetime Achievement Award, the Bollingen Prize, the Frost Medal, a National Endowment for the Arts grant, and a Rockefeller Foundation grant. He was Professor of Poetry and Humanities at the State University of New York, Buffalo. And he was the New York State poet from 1989 to 1991.

Books
The Gold Diggers and Other Stories (1961)
For Love: Poems 1950–1960 (1962)
The Island (1963)
The Finger (1968)
Later (1979)
The Collected Poems of Robert Creeley, 1945–1975 (1982)
Mirrors (1983)
Memory Gardens (1986)
Selected Poems 1945–1990 (1991)
Echoes (1994)
Life & Death (1998)
Just in Time: Poems 1984–1994 (2001)   
If I Were Writing This (2003)

References
References

Other websites
Robert Creeley at PennSound

1926 births
2005 deaths
American poets
American teachers
Robert the Strong (French: Robert le Fort, c. 830 – 866) was the father of two kings of West Francia: Odo (or Eudes) and Robert I of France. His family is named after him and called the Robertians. In 853, he was named Missus dominicus by Charles the Bald, king of West Francia. Robert the Strong was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and ancestor of all of the Capetian dynasty.

866 deaths
830s births
Counts of Anjou
Kukrit Pramoj was a novelist and former prime minister of Thailand.

He is famous in Thailand for being a writer. His novel Four Reigns, was published as a serial in his newspaper Siam Rat from 1951 to 1952.

Works that he did write

Novels
 Sam Kok Chabap Nai Thun (1951)
 Four Reigns; The Thai novel came out in 1953, Si Phaendin, but it was first printed as a serial in a newspaper from 1951 to 1952. In 1981, the English translation was published; translator: Tulachandra
 Phai Daeng (1954); Red Bamboo (1961) is the English version.
 Su Si Thai Hao (1957)
 Jew (1967)
 Kawao Thi Bang Phleng (1989)
 Based on John Wyndham's 1957 science fiction novel The Midwich Cuckoos. Adapted into a film of the same name in 1994.
 Lai Chiwit
 Translated in English as Many Lives in 1996
 Khun Chang Khun Phaen (1989)

Plays
 Rashomon; It was made from a Japanese movie, Rashomon.
Collected short stories and essays
 Phuean Non (เพื่อนนอน; short stories, 1952) 
 "Mom" (มอม, published individually in 2011) 
 Sapphehera Khadi (สัพเพเหระคดี)
Non-fiction
 Phama Sia Mueang (พม่าเสียเมือง; 1967) , 
 Huang Mahannop (ห้วงมหรรณพ; 1959) 
 Chak Yipun (ฉากญี่ปุ่น; 1962) 
 Mueang Maya (เมืองมายา; 1965) 
 Khon Rak Ma (คนรักหมา; 1967) 
 Wai Run (วัยรุ่น; 1980) 
 Thammakhadi (ธรรมคดี; 1983) 
 Khrong Kraduk Nai Tu (โครงกระดูกในตู้) 
 Chao Lok (เจ้าโลก) 
 Kritsadaphinihan An Bot Bang Mi Dai (กฤษฎาภินิหารอันบดบังมิได้) , 
 Chang Nai Chiwit Khong Phom (ช้างในชีวิตของผม) 
 Phra Phutthasatsana Kap Khuekrit (พระพุทธศาสนากับคึกฤทธิ์) 
 Kho Khit Rueang Koet Kae Chep Tai (ข้อคิดเรื่อง เกิด แก่ เจ็บ ตาย) 
 Songkhram Phio (สงครามผิว) 
 Thok Khamen (ถกเขมร) 
 Banthoeng Roeng Rom (บันเทิงเริงรมย์) 
 Rueang Kham Khan (เรื่องขำขัน) 
 Kep Lek Phasom Noi (เก็บเล็กผสมน้อย) 
 Klai Rok (ไกลโรค) 
 Khon Khong Lok (คนของโลก) 
 Chom Suan (ชมสวน) 
 Talat Nat (ตลาดนัด) 
 Tham Haeng Ariya (ธรรมแห่งอริยะ) 
 Nam Phrik (น้ำพริก) 
 Beng Hek Phu Thuk Kluen Thang Pen (เบ้งเฮ็ก ผู้ถูกกลืนทั้งเป็น; 2001 [Revised]) 
 Arokhaya (อโรคยา) 
 Sappha Sat (สรรพสัตว์) 
 Khon Khong Lok (คนของโลก; 1967)
Farang Sakdina (1957-1958)
  M. R. Kukrit Pramoj, His Wit and Wisdom (Writings, Speeches, Interviews) 1983.  Compiled by Vilas Manivat, Edited by Steve Van Beek.  Editions Duang Kamol.  
 The King of Siam Speaks, by Seni Pramoj and Kukrit Pramoj
Translations
 Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard Bach, translated as Jonathan Livingston Nang Nuan (จอนะธัน ลิวิงสตัน นางนวล; 1973)

References

Asian novelists
Sallent is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

Municipalities in Barcelona
Balsareny is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

Municipalities in Barcelona
John Winslow Irving (born John Wallace Blunt Jr.; March 2, 1942) is an American-Canadian novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter.

Irving was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. His parents divorced before he was born. His name was changed when his mother married again. His step-father was a teacher at Phillips Exeter Academy. When he graduated from there, Irving went to the University of Pittsburgh. After one year there, he went to study in Vienna, Austria. He came back to the United States to study at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. One of his teachers there was Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.. In Iowa, he wrote his first novel, Setting Free the Bears.

He became well-known in 1978 when The World According to Garp came out. It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction in 1979. In 1999 he won an Academy Award for his screenplay of his novel The Cider House Rules. In 2018, he won the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award.
Books
Setting Free the Bears (1968) 
The Water-Method Man (1972) 
The 158-Pound Marriage (1974)
The World According to Garp (1978) 
The Hotel New Hampshire (1981) 
The Cider House Rules (1985) 
A Prayer for Owen Meany (1989)
A Son of the Circus (1994)
Trying to Save Piggy Sneed (1996) 
A Widow for One Year (1998) 
The Fourth Hand (2001)
Until I Find You (2005) 
Last Night in Twisted River (2009) 
In One Person (2012) 
Avenue of Mysteries (2015) 
The Last Chairlift (2022)

References

1942 births
American short story writers
American novelists
Living people
American screenwriters
Writers from New Hampshire
Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) is a Social Security benefit in the United Kingdom for people who are unemployed.

Unemployment Benefit was started in 1911 by the National Insurance Act 1911 for people who had paid National Insurance contributions.  This was the first legal insurance scheme against unemployment in the world. At first it was only for people in a few industries like engineering and ship building. From 1920 it covered more workers. From 1947 it covered everyone.  In 1996 it was changed to Jobseeker's Allowance.

To make a claim people must show that they are actively seeking work by filling in a Jobseeker's Agreement form and attending a New Jobseeker interview. They must also go to a Jobcentre Plus every two weeks to "sign on", that is, to say that they are still actively seeking work.
Payment can be stopped (sanctioned) if the person is thought not to be doing their best to find a job.  The system of sanctions makes little difference to job finding efforts, but is very damaging especially to disabled people and people bringing up children on their own.  

Payment is £61.05 a week for people under 25 and £77 a week for people over 25.  It stops after 182 days. 

When it started there was a means tested Jobseeker's Allowance but it was stopped in 2022.  Now people can claim Universal Credit if they do not qualify or if the benefit is not enough for them to live on.

References 

Social security in the United Kingdom
María Gabriela Otaiza (Born on November 23, 1998 in Valencia Venezuela) is a Venezuelan singer, songwriter and music producer.

The singer became recognized for her song Solo Tú which was released in 2022. Shakira with Bizarrap They were accused of inspiration by the artist Briella with the song Solo Tu.

Early life 
María Gabriela Otaiza was born on November 23, 1998 in Valencia, Venezuela.

Discography

Albums 
Studio Albums

 Noviembre Sin Ti (2021)
 Otra Vez (2021)
 Segunda Parte (2022)
 Solo Tu - Remix (2022)
 Ibizaaa (2022)
 Que Raro (2022)
 Fantasma (2022)
 Es un 10 ft Gudnana (2022)
 Electricidad (2023)
 Retrovisor ft Gustavo Elis (2023)
 Se le ve ft Elio Leiros (2023)
 QLQ (2023)

References

Other websites 

 Briella on Instagram
Venezuelan singers
1998 births
Le Morte d’Arthur is a compilation of Arthurian romances put together by Sir Thomas Malory and contains both old English legends and original work written by Malory himself. The 1450s are considered the start of Malory’s writing of the book, with the first edition being published in 1485 by William Caxton. To this day, the compilation is considered the best-known English Arthurian legend.

Authorship 
While the exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has been questioned, Thomas Malory born in 1416 in Newbold Revel, Warwickshire, England to Sir John Mallory has been most widely accepted by scholars as its author.
Malory had engaged in criminal activities including theft, attempted murder of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, accusations of rape, and robbery. Malory was imprisoned in several prisons and managed to escape multiple times. In 1461, King Henry VI granted him a pardon. However, he was imprisoned again in 1468 because of his allegiance to the House of Lancaster and his plot to overthrow King Edward IV. He was imprisoned at Newgate Prison in London, where he most likely wrote Le Morte d'Arthur. Henry VI returned to the throne in 1470 and Malory was thus released from prison again. He died only five months later.

The other likely candidate for the authorship of Le Morte d'Arthur is Thomas Mallory of Papworth St Agnes in Huntingdonshire. This theory was put forth by T. A. Martin in the Athenaeum magazine in September 1897.
Manuscript history 
Until 1934, William Caxton’s printed edition of 1485 was thought to be the earliest surviving version of Malory’s text. However, that year Walter Oakeshott (a librarian at Winchester College) was collecting the college’s most interesting books when he discovered a manuscript. He discovered that the text had been written in years between 1471 and 1483 by two scribes working together.

Clues on its pages proved this was one of the manuscripts used by William Caxton in the preparation of his Le Morte D'Arthur. Pages fresh from the press had been laid on the manuscript and the wet ink accidentally transferred reversed images of Caxton’s distinctive typefaces. So it is probable that the manuscript was in Caxton’s Westminster workshop during the early 1480s. The printer may even have borrowed the manuscript from one of Malory’s family members.
There is much debate over the way in which these two versions relate to each other. Field observes, however, that certain drastic and deliberate changes are made. Scholars continue to debate whether Caxton or Malory authorized these alterations. Roland argues that the differences between the Caxton and Winchester versions of this narrative suggest that Caxton "overwrote his copy text to comply with his world view, just as Malory had overwritten his source texts before him," and observes that the Roman Wars accounts in both Caxton and Malory's versions are informed by "almost four hundred years of struggles for dominion over the east and a gradual slipping away of the conquests made by the First Crusade". According to Roland, Caxton's version of the Roman War and his possible amendments to the Morte are a direct response to contemporary fears of Turkish expansion
. In addition, she discovers that Malory's Morte was "written in the arc of an ascending fear of the Turks, an arc that reaches its zenith just as Caxton publishes Malory's work in the mid-1480s, a time when Europe was awash in uncertainty as to the repercussions of Mehmed II's death". For these reasons, the emphasis on crusades and on fears of foreign invasion begin to take on a deeper significance when the context of the Winchester and Caxton versions is considered.
Printed edition by William Caxton
Thomas Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur was first printed by William Caxton, who is generally accepted to be the first printer in England. The printing of the first edition was carried out in 1485 by Caxton’s printing house and has been of great significance, since Caxton’s printed version allowed for further distribution and printing by other printing houses. Further printing of Malory’s text by different English printers is what allowed the creation of the canonical text of Arthurian literature in the English language, as this piece of writing became more widely distributed. During the times of Victorian Britain, Malory’s first printed version, and the whole genre of English Arthuriana, gained great popularity within the academia, as well as the general population. What was especially praised was Malory’s treatment of the topic of violence, which abundantly occurs in the legend
. The occurrences of killings and rape were treated with a sense of religious significance and later act as patriotic and sacred, rather than barbaric and immoral, causing the text to become a symbol of morality and Godly ideology. Furthermore, it is not only Malory’s text that was praised. William Caxton and his printed edition were greatly valued by Victorian scholars, too. It was regarded as Caxton’s most influential production. The academia generally agreed that if it was not for Caxton’s agreement to print Malory’s text, English literature might have moved in a very different direction, or been radically altered, even. Although there are several different versions of Malory’s text, each is used for different purposes, as each was published with an altered, mostly modernized, version of the language.
Le Morte D’Arthur was written in Middle English, a period of the English language in 11th to 15th century England. Published in 1485, the year of Thomas Malory’s writing corresponds with the end of the Medieval English era. In comparison to Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, a significant piece of writing written in typical Middle English style, Malory’s language and use of English are much closer to Early Modern English. Although Chaucer’s writing was published 85 years before Malory’s, their work belongs to the same historical and language period, and as such are often compared, especially language-wise. Although the spelling of Malory’s text does not necessarily correspond with the spelling of Early Modern English, from a grammatical and lexical point of view, it reads similarly to early Elizabethan English. The reason for the modernization of Malory’s writing is believed to be the inspiration in French texts, which gave Thomas Malory the foundation for his story
. It is generally agreed that the French language was what so heavily influenced Malory’s own style of writing, as it is with high probability what modernized the language. Concerning the style specifically, Thomas Malory has been both criticized and praised for his rich usage of connecting words such as “so–and–then,” usually used to transition between stories, and for his lengthy and repetitive sentences and phrases, which some scholars condemned as too simplistic, others have, however, praised it to be of high aesthetic quality.
Influence from other sources

Book I 
Malory's first book's storyline is mainly based on the Prose Merlin in the Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin.

Book II 
This book is based mainly on the first half of the Middle English heroic poem Alliterative Morte Arthure, which is mostly based on  Geoffrey of Monmouth’s pseudo-chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae.

Book III 
This book is based on parts of the French Prose Lancelot, mostly its 'Agravain' section, along with the chapel perilous episode taken from Perlesvaus.

Book IV 
Unlike most of the material in the preceding books, this specific one is not directly based on any preexisting literature. Instead, it is inspired by several Arthurian romances of the Fair Unknown genre, also known as Le Bel Inconnu, or Sir Gingalain

Book V 
That is the longest of his eight books, it is based primarily on the lengthy Prose Tristan in French, or the lost English translation of it, and also could be from the Middle English verse romance Sir Tristram.
Book VI 
For this lengthy book, the main source is The Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal, which details the exploits of numerous knights in their mythical search for the Holy Grail.

Book VII 
In this book, Malory explicitly mentions the adultery of Guinevere and Lancelot. He combined the story from both the Vulgate Cycle prose Lancelot (counting the story of the Fair Maiden of Astolat and an abridged retelling of Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart) and his own creative setups.

Book VIII 
For writing his final book, he used the version of Arthur's death derived primarily from parts of the Vulgate Mort Artu, and as a secondary source, he used the English Stanzaic Morte Arthur.

References