Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In the study of orbital dynamics the mean anomaly of an orbiting body is the angle the body would have traveled about the center of the orbit's auxiliary circle.  Unlike other measures of anomaly, the mean anomaly grows linearly with time.  Because of the linear growth with time, the mean anomaly makes calculating the time of flight between two points on the orbit very easy. The mean anomalies for the two points are calculated and their difference is found.  Knowing this, the ratio of this difference relative to the entire  encompassing one orbit is simply equal to ratio of the time of flight to the orbital period of one whole orbit (i.e. ).

Orbits
The orbital period is the time taken for a given object to make one complete orbit around another object. The year and month are orbital periods. 

When mentioned without further qualification in astronomy this refers to the sidereal period of an astronomical object, which is calculated with respect to the stars. Other periods include the synodic period, which is the interval between conjunctions. 

Orbits
The orbital speed of a body, usually a planet, a natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a multiple star, is the speed at which it orbits around the barycenter of a system, usually around a more massive body. It can be used to refer to either the mean orbital speed, the average speed as it completes an orbit, or instantaneous orbital speed, the speed at a particular point in its orbit.

The orbital speed at any position in the orbit can be computed from the distance to the central body at that position, and the specific orbital energy, which is independent of position: it equals the kinetic energy plus the potential energy, divided by the mass. It is also given by Kepler's Second Law.

Orbits
Year 101 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.

Births 
 Ptolemy

Deaths 
 John the Apostle
Continental drift is a historical, scientific theory. The theory was first proposed by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. It was fully developed by the German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener in 1915. 

The theory said that parts of the Earth's crust move slowly on top of a liquid mantle of higher density. The theory has now been included in the wider theory of plate tectonics.

Evidence 
The theory was supported by finding the same minerals and fossils in western Europe and eastern North America.  There are also similar fossils on the western coast of Africa and the eastern South America. The shapes of these continents nearly fit together. The theory was plausible (believable), but there was no known mechanism to drive these great movements. This problem was later solved by plate tectonics.

The pattern of volcanic activity, mountain building (orogeny) and earthquakes is explained by continental drift. The existence of identical rocks widely apart supports the theory.
Examples (there are hundreds):
Fossils of the fern Glossopteris are found in rocks from Australia, South America, Antarctica, India, Africa and Madagascar. These were all together in the supercontinent Gondwana, after the global continent Pangaea broke up.
Table Mountain at the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and mountains south of Rio de Janeiro are made of identical rocks. This corresponds to the fit of Africa with South America in Pangaea. 
The Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, and Fingal's Cave on Staffa, Inner Hebrides, Scotland is the same rock formation.

Mechanism 
The basic machine driving continental movement is heat moving from the Earth's mantle through the crust and out of the planet. The effect of this it to cause convection, and plate movement. 

Two events in particular are of huge importance:
The production of new crust at places such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
The removal of crust by subduction (moving under) at the points where plates collide.

Footnote 

Plate tectonics
Saxe-Altenburg () was one of the Ernestine duchies of the House of Wettin.
Altenburg was independent for most of the 1600s until 1672. This is when the last male ruler died. Because only men could rule the Ernestine duchies Altenburg began to be ruled by the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, who had married the last ruler’s daughter.

In 1825 the ruler died, and he also had no male heirs. Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was split up. Gotha was given to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Altenburg to the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, who in exchange gave up Saalfeld and Hildburghausen to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. This family ruled in the duchy until the end of the monarchies in 1918. Saxe-Altenburg became part of the new state of Thuringia in the Weimar Republic in 1920.

Saxe-Altenburg had an area of  and a population of 207,000 (1905). Its capital was Altenburg.

The Saxe-Altenburg line became extinct following the death of Prince George Moritz in 1991.
Dukes of Saxe-Altenburg 
 Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1826-1834) (Previously Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen)
 Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1834-1848)
 Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1848-1853)
 Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1853-1908)
 Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1908-1918)

Heads of the Ducal House of Saxe-Altenburg, post monarchy 
 Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1918-1955)
 Georg Moritz, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Altenburg (1955-1991)

In 1991 the Saxe-Altenburg line became extinct.
Two branches descend from duke Ernest the Pious, the father of the progenitor of this Saxe-Altenburg branch: Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; according to old Wettin family law, they would have divided the actual territories between them (as happened to Gotha and Altenburg in 1826). The senior male agnate descending from duke Ernest the Pious, in 1991 , was prince Frederick-Alfred of Saxe-Meiningen (a monk, 1921-1997), and thus technically succeeded then as titular duke of Saxe-Altenburg and head of the whole branch; but, because he renounced all his succession rights in favor of his uncle Bernhard, was him instead Frederick-Alfred the general heir of the line of Saxe-Meiningen. His successor was Konrad, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, the present head of that branch.

Related pages
 Ernestine duchies

References

Other websites 

 Saxe-Altenburg family genealogy
Ernestine duchies
States of the German Confederation
States of the German Empire
States of the Holy Roman Empire
States of the North German Confederation
States of the Weimar Republic
Thuringia
A porcupine is a rodent with a coat of sharp spines, or quills, that defend them from predators. The porcupine is the third biggest rodent, after the capybara, and beaver, and are not to be confused with hedgehogs. Most porcupines are about 60–90 cm long, with a 20–25 cm long tail. Weighing between 12-35 pounds (5–16 kg), they are rounded, large and slow. Porcupines come in various shades of brown, grey, and the unusual white. The name "porcupine" comes from Middle French porc d'épine "thorny pork", hence the nickname "quill pig" for the animal. The correct term for a baby porcupine is a porcupette. A porcupette has soft quills made of hardened hair. This protects the mother from injury as she gives birth.
Porcupine quills are as sharp as needles, can be removed very easily, and will stay stuck in an attacker. Unlike needles, however, the quills of New World porcupines have small, backwards-facing barbs on the tip that catch on the skin making them hard and painful to pull out. Quills are about 75 mm long and 2 mm wide. If a quill becomes put in the tissues of an attacker, the barbs act to pull the quill farther into the tissues with the normal muscle movements of the attacker, moving up to many millimeters in a day. Animals who try to eat porcupines have been known to die because of quill penetration and infection. Quills can still penetrate animals and humans even after death. The ancient belief that porcupines can throw their quills at an enemy has long been proved to be incorrect.

Porcupines can live in a wide range of places in tropical and mild parts of Asia, Italy, Africa, and North and South America. Porcupines live in forests, deserts and grasslands. Some live in trees, others stay on the ground.
Porcupines in search of salt sometimes live in human places, eating plywood cured with sodium nitrate, certain paints, and tool handles, footwear, clothes and other items that have been coated in salty sweat. Porcupines like going near roads in areas where rock salt is used to melt ice and snow, and are known to gnaw on vehicle tires or wiring coated in road salt. Salt licks placed nearby can stop porcupine damage.

Natural sources of salt used by porcupines include different salt-rich plants (such as yellow water lily and aquatic liverwort), fresh animal bones, outer tree bark and mud in salt-rich soils.

References 

Rodents
The Silvia Night Show is a 2007 Icelandic television series following the controversial fictional character Silvia Night. It is the English version that was made to promote her participation in the Eurovision Song Contest.

The show followed Silvia Night during her appearance in Eurovision Song Contest 2006, and her tantrums after she realised she did not qualify for the final.

Silvia also received a lot of attention from media when she, on the premiere day of her own television program, protested against it on the streets of Reykjavík saying that "the show is total junk". The show will be available on DVD sometime soon.

The Silvia Night Show started airing in Sweden on the channel TV400 on October 10, 2007.

Other websites 

The Silvia Night Show (episodes online)  - at Skjárinn

2007 television series debuts
was a Swedish reality program. It was first broadcast on August 4, 2000. It was broadcast by the station TV4. The program followed three American actresses who auditioned for the role as "Billie Jo" in the Swedish soap opera Nya tider.

The winner was Alexandra Sapot. The winner was chosen by Swedish viewers' televotes and the production company Jarowskij.

Contestants 

Tanya Gingerich  is an actress from Tarrytown, New York. She also played parts in series like Hamlet and Shame No More. 
Melissa Hanson is an actress born in Honolulu,Hawaii. She also played parts in series like Grace Under Fire and Who shot Patakango?.
Hope Harris is an American actress from Virginia. She also played roles in series like The Sullivan sisters,Come On, Get Happy: The Partridge Family Story and Angel in Training.
Alexandra Sapot is an actress and executive assistant on series like Entourage, and Now and Again.

Other websites

About the contestants

About the show
About the show 

Alex  blev Billie Jo (Alex Sapot won the role as Billie Jo, Aftonbladet article, in Swedish)

2000 television series debuts
Reality television series
The Ernestine duchies, are sometimes called the Saxon duchies, were a changing number of small states in the present German state of Thuringia, governed by dukes of the Ernestine line of the house of Wettin. The Albertine duchies of Weissenfels, Merseburg and Zeitz were are also sometimes called "Saxon duchies" and border several Ernestine ones.

Overview
The old Duchy of Saxon began to split up in the 15th Century, because law said that all sons should inherit.   All of the sons of a Saxon duke had the title of Duke, sometimes brothers ruled the territory together, and sometimes they divided it up between them. Some of the Ernestine duchies stayed independent until 1918.  The nearby royal houses of Reuss and Schwarzburg also divided up their territory, so Thuringia was a tangle of little states, exclaves and enclaves from the late 15th Century until the early 20th Century.
Background 
Albert, grandson of  Albert "the Bear" inherited the Duchy of Saxony from his father.   Albert's sons divided Saxony into the duchies of Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg.  When duke of Saxe-Wittenberg died without an heir in 1422, the Emperor Sigismund gave the duchy to Frederick IV of the House of Wettin.  Frederick was already Margrave of Meißen and Landgrave of Thuringia, and then became Frederick I, Elector of Saxony.  Frederick was followed as Elector by his son Frederick II, and when Frederick II died in 1464 his sons Ernest and Albert took over.  Because he was the older, Ernest became Elector of Saxony, but the brothers shared ruling the lands until 1485.  Then Ernest took northern Meißen, southern Thuringia, and Wittenberg, with Albert receiving northern Thuringia and southern Meißen

The Ernestine line
Elector Ernest died in 1486, and was succeeded by his son, Frederick III, the Wise.
It was Frederick the Wise who set up the University of Wittenberg in 1502.  This was because the only university in Saxony was in Leipzig, was in the part of Saxony controlled by the descendants of his uncle, Albert.  The University of Wittenberg was were Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses. Frederick protected Luther, and did not send him to Rome for trial. Frederick allowed Lutheran reforms in his country.

 
Frederick the Wise  had three grandsons to share the territory.  John Frederick II set up his capitals in Eisenach and Coburg, the middle brother John William staying in Weimar (Saxe-Weimar), and the youngest, John Frederick III  took Gotha (Saxe-Gotha).

John Frederick III of Gotha died unmarried and heirless in 1565 and John William of Weimar tried to claim Saxe-Gotha, but the sons of the imprisoned John Frederick II entered their own claim.
In 1572 the claimants agreed to the Division of Erfurt.  This treaty said John William of Saxe-Weimar would also take the districts of  Altenburg, Gotha and Meiningen.

When John William died a year later.
his older son, Frederick William I received Altenburg, Gotha and Meiningen with using the title of Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, and founding the first Saxe-Altenburg line, 
 younger son John II. John Casimir took Saxe-Weimar

The older son of John Frederick II, and John Ernest (d 1638 heirless), the younger son of John Frederick II, received together the territory of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach. In 1596 the brothers agreed to split the duchy into Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Eisenach.
Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (or John II), died young but left eight surviving sons who ruled together,  Three died, (including Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, the youngest, the famed general) and a will ordering them to rule jointly. Only three survived by 1639, when the lands of the Coburg-Eisenach dukes were divided between the Altenburgs and the Weimarsthe remaining brothers finally divided their lands which were twice the size of what they inherited.

William kept Weimar, Albert  became Duke of Eisenach and Ernest "the Pious" became known as Duke of Gotha.

Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (1601-75) had married Elisabeth Sophie, the only child of John Philip, Duke of Altenburg(1597-1638). Elisabeth Sophie's cousin Frederick William III, Duke of Altenburg, died unmarried 1672.  He was the last male descendant of the first Saxe-Altenburg line.
There was a big argument about who should get the Altenburg land.  In the end most went to Ernest and Elisabeth Sophie's sons.  One quarter  the original Altenburglands went to the Saxe-Weimar branch.

These two lines: Weimar and Gotha(-Altenburg) form the basis of future Ernestine lines, and both have surviving male lineage up to today.

After the division of the first Altenburg lands line, the senior Ernestine branch (the Saxe-Weimar family ), line held just under half of the Ernestine lands, and the junior, Gotha-Altenburg, line held more than half. Gotha-Altenburg line divided more each generation.  The Weimar line did not subdivide their land and by 1741 all of the land was controlled by the one branch of the Weimar family.  In 1815 they became Grand Dukes.
Duke Ernest of Gotha and Duchess Elisabeth Sophie's numerous sons divided the inheritance into seven parts: Gotha-Altenburg, Coburg, Meiningen, Römhild, Eisenberg, Hildburghausen and Saalfeld.   The new dukes of Coburg, Römhild and Eisenberg had no children, so their lands were quickly absorbed by the four remaining lines.

Eventually, primogeniture (that is, only the eldest son inherits) became the rule for inheritance in the Ernestine Duchies.

In 1825 the Ernestine duchies were
Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (approximately three eights of all the Ernestine lands), and the ("Elisabeth-Sophie-line") duchies of 
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 
Saxe-Meiningen, 
Saxe-Hildburghausen and
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

In 1825 Ernest the Pious' senior line, the Gotha-Altenburg, went extinct and the land was redistributed for the last time.
Altenburg went to the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, but he gave Hildburghausen to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghausen.  The duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld gave up Saalfeld in return for Gotha.. All of the Ernestine Duchies ended with the abolition of the monarchy and princely states in Germany shortly after the end of World War I.

Five rulers of the Ernestine duchies 
Saxe-Weimar
Saxe-Eisenach
Saxe-Coburg
Saxe-Gotha
Saxe-Altenburg

had a vote in the Holy Roman Empire’s Reichstag. In 1792 the Duke of Saxe-Weimar was also the Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, and the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg was also the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, so both had two votes; and the Duke of Saxe-Coburg had one vote.
The other Ernestine duchies were never members of the Imperial Circle, and were subordinate to the five duchies that did belong to the Imperial Circle (for example, the principalities of Meiningen and Hildburghausen were such; that was one reason why Duke of Hildburghausen exchanged his patrimony to that of Altenburg). Ultimately, in the German Confederation, all these became equally sovereign.

Ernestine duchies

 Saxe-Altenburg (1603 to 1672; 1826 to 1918)
 Saxe-Coburg (1596 to 1633; 1681 to 1699)
 Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572 to 1596)
 Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1735 to 1826)
 Saxe-Eisenberg (1680 to 1707)
 Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826 to 1918)
 Saxe-Eisenach (1596 to 1638; 1640 to 1644; 1672 to 1806)
 Saxe-Gotha (1640 to 1680)
 Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1681 to 1826)
 Saxe-Hildburghausen (1680 to 1826)
 Saxe-Jena (1672 to 1690)
 Saxe-Marksuhl (1662 to 1672)
 Saxe-Meiningen (1681 to 1918)
 Saxe-Römhild (1680 to 1710)
 Saxe-Saalfeld (1680 to 1735)
 Saxe-Weimar (1572 to 1806)
 Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1806 to 1918)
References

John B. Freed. 1988. Saxony, in Strayer, Joseph R., Ed. in Chief. Dictionary of the Middle Ages, Vol. 10. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 
Ernestine Saxony, 1485-1547 - accessed December 13 2005
Wettin Dynasty. (2005). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 12, 2005, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service 
House Laws of Anhalt - retrieved December 13 2005
Chart showing succession of Ernestine duchies - originally retrieved December 13 2005, found using Wayback machine November 27 2006
 The Ernestine Line's Saxon Duchies

Thuringia
Kalpa could mean:

 A word in Sanskrit, meaning "practicable, feasible, possible", and also "proper, fit, able", from a root  "to be well ordered or regulated"
 Kalpa (Vedanga) "proper practice", "ritual", one of the six disciplines of Vedanga in Hinduism
 Kalpa (time unit) a Sanskrit word referring to a great length of time (Aeon) in Buddhist and Hindu cosmology
 Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh, a town in Himachal Pradesh, India
 KalPa, a Finnish ice hockey team

Related pages
 Hindu units of measurement
 Kalachakra
The Sri Maha Bodhi is a Sacred Fig tree in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. The site where it's on, Sacred City of Anuradhapura, is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. 

It is said to be a tree grown from a sapling from the famous Bodhi tree where the first Buddha became enlightened. It brought down by Mihindu (Mahinda) and Sanghamitta. It was planted in 288 BC. It is the oldest living human-planted tree in the world with a known planting date. 

It was planted on a high terrace about  above the ground. It is surrounded by railings to protect it. It is one of the most sacred objects of the Buddhists in Sri Lanka, and respected by Buddhists all over the world. 

Its wall was built during the reign of King Kirthi Sri Rajasingha, to protect it from wild elephants which might have attacked the tree.

History

In the 3rd century BC, the Buddha's fig tree was brought to Sri Lanka by Sangamitta, daughter of Emperor Asoka and founder of an order of Buddhist nuns, in Sri Lanka.
In 280 BC, Jaya Siri Maha Bodhi was planted in the Mahamevnāwa Park in Anuradhapura by King Devanampiya Tissa.

Related pages
 Bodhi tree

References

Other websites
Living Heritage - Jaya Siri Maha Bodhi  

Buddhism
World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka
This is a list of children of U.S. presidents with stepchildren, adopted children, and alleged illegitimate children included.  Full names are given including middle, maiden and married names.  This list also includes the children's spouses and any known children they had and a “?” for an unknown number of children.

Presidential children have been studied individually, and as a group.  As individuals, they are more often notable than most individuals: they know many political and social leaders and are part of the richer, upper classes. They are more likely to be viewed as a part of celebrity culture.  Also, as individuals they frequently have significant influence on other notable family members. A child who may appear otherwise non-notable may have affected the parent's beliefs or performance.
George Washington and Martha Dandridge Custis Washington 
No children together. Martha's first husband, Daniel Parke Custis (October 15, 1711 – July 8, 1757), had four children, two of whom were still living at the time of her marriage to Washington (those who did not survive were Daniel Parke Custis, Jr. [November 19, 1751 – February 19, 1754] and Frances Parke Custis [April 12, 1753 – April 1, 1757]):
 John “Jacky” Parke Custis (stepson) (November 27, 1754 – November 5, 1781)
 m. Eleanor Calvert. His wife remarried and took two oldest of four children.  The other two, “Nelly” and “Wash”, were raised but not formally adopted by George and Martha (see below).
 Martha “Patsy” Parke Custis (stepdaughter) (1756 – June 19, 1773) no children, died from epilepsy
Martha's grandchildren who were raised by the Washingtons:
 Eleanor “Nelly” Parke Custis Lewis (step-granddaughter) (March 21, 1779 – 1852)
 m. Lawrence Lewis, 8 children
 George “Wash” Washington Parke Custis (step-grandson) (April 30, 1781 – 1857)
 m. Mary Lee Fitzhugh, 4 children; the only survivor, Mary Ann Randolph Custis, married Robert E. Lee

John Adams and Abigail Smith Adams 
 Abigail “Nabby” Adams Smith (July, 14, 1765 – August 15, 1813), also nicknamed "Amelia"
 m. William Stephens Smith, 4 children
 John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23,  1848) 6th U.S. President
 m. Louisa Catherine Johnson, 5 children
 Susanna Adams (December 28, 1768 – February 4, 1770), cause of death unknown
 Charles Adams (May 29, 1770 – November 30, 1800)
 m. Sally Smith, 2 children
 Thomas Boylston Adams (September 15, 1772 – March 12, 1832)
 m. Ann Harold, 7 children
 Elizabeth Adams (July 11, 1777) stillborn
Thomas Jefferson and Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson 
 Martha had one son, John Wayles Skelton (November 7, 1767 – June 10, 1771) with her first husband Bathurst Skelton (1744–1768).  John died months before her marriage to Jefferson.
 Martha “Patsy” Washington Jefferson Randolph (September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836)
 m. Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 12 children (including first born in the White House)
 Jane Randolph Jefferson (April 3, 1774 – September 1775), named after her paternal grandmother, cause of death unknown
 unnamed son (May 28, 1777 – June 14, 1777)
 Mary “Polly” “Maria” Jefferson Eppes (August 1, 1778 – April 17, 1804)
 m. John Wayles Eppes, 3 children
 Lucy Elizabeth (I) Jefferson (November 3, 1780 – April 15, 1781), died from illness
 Lucy Elizabeth (II) Jefferson (May 8, 1782 – October 13, 1784), died from "teething, worms and Whooping Cough" as the doctor wrote
Alleged children of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings 
 Tom Hemings (1790–?) (Evidence concerning this child is contradictory.)
 Harriet Hemings (I) (October 5, 1795 – December 1797)
 Beverly Hemings (possibly born William Beverly Hemings) (April 1, 1798 – after 1873)
m. (wife's name unknown), 1 child
 daughter (possibly named Thenia, after Hemings's deceased sister) (December 7, 1799 – ca. 1802)
 Harriet Hemings (II) (May 1801 – after 1863)
m. (husband's name unknown), several children
 Madison Hemings (possibly born James Madison Hemings) (January 1805 – 1877)
m. Mary Hughes McCoy, 10 children
 Eston Hemings (possibly born Thomas Eston Hemings) (May 1808 – 1856)
m. Julia Ann Isaacs, 3 children
James Madison and Dolley Payne Todd Madison 
No children together, but raised Dolley's son from her first marriage
 John Payne Todd (stepson) (February 29, 1792 – 1852) was the first son of Dolley's first husband, John Todd, Jr. (1764–1793).  Their second son William Temple Todd (b./d. 1793) died the same year as his father in a yellow fever epidemic.

James Monroe and Elizabeth Kortright Monroe 
 Eliza Kortright Monroe Hay (December 1786 – 1835?) some sources claim 1840 in Paris, France
 m. George Hay, 1 child
 James Spence Monroe (May 1799 – September 28, 1801)  , cause of death unknown
 Maria Hester Monroe Gouverneur (1803–1850) (first to wed in the White House)
 m.  Samuel Lawrence Gouverneur, 3 children
John Quincy Adams and Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams 
 George Washington Adams (April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829)
 John Adams II (July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834)
 m. Mary Catherine Hellen
 unnamed son (died shortly after birth, 1806)
 Charles Francis Adams, Sr. (August 18, 1807 – November 21, 1886)
 m. Abigail Brown Brooks
 Louisa Catherine Adams (1811–1812), born and died from winter illness in Russia; birth and death dates never recorded
Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson 
No biological children together, adopted two:
 Andrew Jackson Jr. (December 4, 1808 – 1865) (adopted at birth, twin of Thomas Jefferson Donelson, and a nephew of Rachel, son of Severn Donelson)
 m. Sarah Yorke, 5 children
 Lyncoya Jackson (c. 1812 – June 1, 1828) (adopted orphaned Creek Indian)  
Also guardians of eight additional children including:
Orphaned nephews of Rachel, sons of Samuel Donelson who died in 1804;
John Samuel Donelson (died 1817)
Andrew Jackson Donelson (1799–1871)
m. Emily Tennessee Donelson, 4 children
m. Elizabeth Martin Randolph, 8 children
Daniel Smith Donelson (1801–1863)
Orphaned grandnephew of Rachel;
Andrew Jackson Hutchings (1812–1841)
Orphaned children of family friend Edward Butler;
Caroline Butler
Eliza Butler
Edward Butler
Anthony Butler
Martin Van Buren and Hannah Hoes Van Buren 
 Abraham Van Buren (November 27, 1807 – March 15, 1873)
 m. Angelica Singleton
 John Van Buren (February 18, 1810 – October 13, 1866)
 m. Elizabeth Van der Poel
 Martin Van Buren, Jr. (December 20, 1812 – March 19, 1855)
 Unnamed son (1814) 
 Smith Thompson Van Buren (January 16, 1817 – 1876) (7 children between 2 wives)
 m. Ellen King James, ?, ?
 m. Henrietta Eckford Irving, ?
 unnamed daughter (stillborn, date unknown)
William Henry Harrison and Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison 
 Elizabeth “Betsy” Bassett Harrison Short (September 29, 1796 – September 26, 1846)
 m. John Cleves Short, One Child
 John Cleves Symmes Harrison (October 28, 1798 – October 30, 1830)
 m. Clarissa Pike, 6 children
 Lucy Singleton Harrison Este (September 1800 – April 7, 1826)
 m. David K. Este, one child
 William Henry Harrison, Jr (September 3, 1802 – February 6, 1838)
 m. Jane Findlay Irwin, 2 children
 John Scott Harrison (October 4, 1804 – May 25, 1878)
 m. Lucretia Knapp Johnson, 3 children, was outlived
 m. Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin, 10 children (including Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd U.S. President)
 Benjamin Harrison (May 5, 1806 – June 9, 1840)
 m. Louisa S. Bonner, one child
 m. Mary Raney, 2 children
 Mary Symmes Harrison Thornton (January 22, 1809 – November 16, 1842)
 m. John Henry Fitzhugh Thornton, one child
 Carter Bassett Harrison (October 26, 1811 – August 12, 1839)
 m. Mary Anne Sutherland, one child
Anna Tuthill Harrison Taylor (October 28, 1813 – July 5, 1865)
 m. William Henry Harrison Taylor, a cousin, number of children debated
 James Findlay Harrison (May 5, 1814 – April 6, 1819) , cause of death unknown
John Tyler and Letitia Christian Tyler 
 Mary Tyler Jones (April 15, 1815 – June 17, 1848)
 m. Henry Lightfoot Jones, 3 children
 Robert Tyler (September 9, 1816 – December 3, 1877)
 m. Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper, 9 children
 John Tyler, Jr. (April 27, 1819 – January 26, 1896)
 m. Martha “Mattie” Rochelle, 3 children
 Letitia “Letty” Tyler Semple (May 11, 1821 – December 28, 1907)
 m. James Semple, no children, separated
 Elizabeth “Lizzie” Tyler Waller (July 11, 1823 – June 1, 1850)
 m. William Waller, 5 children
 Anna Contesse Tyler (April 1825 – July 1825), cause of death unknown
 Alice Tyler Denison (March 23, 1827 – June 8, 1854)
 m. Henry Mandeville Denison, 2 children
 Tazewell Tyler (December 6, 1830 – January 8, 1874)
 m. Married, divorced
 m. Second wife (debate: 2 children or 7 children)

Alleged son of John Tyler and a slave 
 John William Dunjee (1833–1903) born a slave of the Terrell family in Virginia. His children claimed he was the son of Tyler.
John Tyler and Julia Gardiner Tyler 
 David Gardiner “Gardie” Tyler (July 12, 1846 – September 5, 1927)
 m. Mary Morris Jones, 5 children
 John Alexander “Alex” Tyler (April 7, 1848 – September 1, 1883)
 m. Sarah Griswold Gardiner, one child
 Julia Tyler Spencer (December 25, 1849 – May 8, 1871)
 m. William H. Spencer, one child
 Lachlan Tyler (December 2, 1851 – January 26, 1902)
 m. Georgia Powell, no children
 Lyon Gardiner Tyler (August 1853 – February 12, 1935)
 m. Annie Baker Tucker, 3 children
 m. Sue Ruffin, 2 children
 Robert Fitzwalter Tyler (March 12, 1856 – December 30, 1927)
 m. Fannie Glenn, 3 children
 Pearl Tyler Ellis (June 20, 1860 – June 30, 1947)
 m. Major William Mumford Ellis, 8 children

James Knox Polk and Sarah Childress Polk 
No natural children, but raised Polk's nephew as their ward:
 Marshall Tate Polk, Jr. (May 15, 1831 – 1884) 
m. Evalina McNeal Bills, 2 children

After the death of James, Sarah was guardian of:
Sarah Polk Jetton (1847–1924)  
m. George William Fall
Zachary Taylor and Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor 
 Anne Margaret Mackall Taylor Wood (April 9, 1811 – December 2, 1875)
 m. Robert C. Wood, 4 children
 Sarah "Knox” Taylor Davis (March 6, 1814 – September 15, 1835)
 m. Jefferson Davis, no children together
 Octavia Pannell Taylor (August 16, 1816 – July 8, 1820), died from malaria
 Margaret Smith Taylor (July 27, 1819 – October 22, 1820), died from malaria
 Mary Elizabeth Taylor Bliss Dandridge (April 20, 1824 – July 26, 1909)
 m. Major William Wallace Smith Bliss, no children
 m. Philip Dandridge, no children
 Richard Taylor (January 27, 1826 – April 12, 1879)
 m. Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier, 5 children

Millard Fillmore and Abigail Powers Fillmore 
 Millard Powers Fillmore (April 25, 1828 – November 15, 1889)
 Mary Abigail “Abby” Fillmore  (March 27, 1832 – July 26, 1854)

Millard Fillmore and Caroline Carmichael McIntosh Fillmore 
 No children together
Franklin Pierce and Jane Means Appleton Pierce 
 Franklin Pierce, Jr. (February 2, 1836 – February 5, 1836), cause of death unknown
 Frank Robert Pierce (August 27, 1839 – November 14, 1843), died from typhus fever
 Benjamin “Bennie” Pierce (April 13, 1841 – January 16, 1853), died in train accident in front of his parents, weeks before his father was inaugurated

James Buchanan 
No children; served as guardian to two nieces:

Mary Elizabeth Speer Lane (1826–1855)
m. George Baker
Harriet Rebecca Lane (May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903)
m. Henry Elliott Johnston, 2 children

Abraham Lincoln and Mary Ann Todd Lincoln 
 Robert Todd Lincoln (August 1, 1843 – July 25, 1926)
 m. Mary Harlan, 3 children
 Edward Baker" Eddie" Lincoln (March 10, 1846 – February 1, 1850)
 William Wallace “Willie” Lincoln (December 21, 1850 – February 20, 1862)
 Thomas “Tad” Lincoln (April 4, 1853 – July 15, 1871)
Andrew Johnson and Eliza McCardle Johnson 
 Martha Johnson Patterson (October 25, 1828 – July 10, 1901)
 m. David T. Patterson U.S. Senator (TN) succeeded his father-in-law after a four year vacancy, ? children
 Charles Johnson (February 19, 1830 – April 4, 1863)
 Mary Johnson Stover Brown (May 8, 1832 – April 19, 1883)
 m. Daniel Stover, 3 children, divorced
 m. William Brown, no children
 Robert Johnson (February 22, 1834 – April 22, 1869), suicide
 Andrew Johnson, Jr. (August 6, 1852 – March 12, 1879)
 m. Bessie May Kumbaugh, no children
Ulysses Simpson Grant and Julia Boggs Dent Grant 
 Frederick Dent Grant (May 30, 1850 – April 11, 1912)
 m. Ida Marie Honore, 2 children including Ulysses III
 Ulysses Simpson “Buck” Grant, Jr. (July 22, 1852 – September 25, 1929)
 m. Fannie Josephine Chaffee, 5 children including Ulysses IV; died
 m. America Workman Will, no children together
 Ellen Wrenshall “Nellie” Grant Sartoris Jones (July 4, 1855 – August 30, 1922)
 m. Algernon Charles Frederick Sartoris, 4 children; divorced
 m. Frank Hatch Jones, no children
 Jesse Root Grant (February 6, 1858 – June 8, 1934)
 m. Elizabeth Chapman, 2 children including Chapman; divorced
 m. Lillian Burns, no children together
Rutherford Birchard Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb Hayes 
 Birchard Austin Hayes (November 4, 1853 – January 24, 1926)
 m. Mary Sherman, 5 children
 James Webb Cook Hayes (March 20, 1856 – July 26, 1934)
 m. Mary Otis Miller, no children
 Rutherford Platt Hayes (June 24, 1858 – July 21, 1927)
 m. Lucy Hayes Platt, 3 children
 Joseph “Jody” Thompson Hayes (December 21, 1861 – June 24, 1863), died of dysentery
 George Crook Hayes (September 29, 1864 – May 24, 1866), died of scarlet fever
 Fanny Hayes Smith (September 2, 1867 – March 18, 1950)
 m. Mary Eaton Smith, one child
 Scott Russell Hayes (February 8, 1871 – May 6, 1923)
 m. Maude Anderson, no children
 Manning Force Hayes (August 1, 1873 – August 28, 1874), died of unknown causes
James Abram Garfield and Lucretia Rudolph Garfield 
 Eliza Arabella “Trot” Garfield (July 3, 1860 – December 3, 1863), died of diphtheria
 Harry Augustus Garfield (October 11, 1863 – December 12, 1942)
 m. Belle Hartford Mason, 4 children
 James Rudolph Garfield (October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950) 23rd U.S. Secretary of the Interior
 m. Helen Newel, 4 children
 Mary “Molly” Garfield Stanley-Brown (January 16, 1867 – December 30, 1947)
 m. Joseph Stanley-Brown, 3 children
 Irvin McDowell Garfield (August 3, 1870 – July 18, 1951)
 m. Susan Emmons, 3 children
 Abram Garfield (November 21, 1872 – October 16, 1958)
 m. Sarah Granger, 2 children, was outlived by Abram
 m. Helen Grannis Mathews, no children together
 Edward Garfield (December 25 1874 – October 25, 1876), died of whooping cough
Chester Alan Arthur and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur 
 William Lewis Arthur (December 10, 1860 – July 7, 1863), died of convulsions
 Chester Alan Arthur II (July 25, 1864 – July 17, 1937)
 m. Myra Townsend, one child
 m. Rowena Graves, no children
 Ellen Herndon “Nell” Arthur Pinkerton (November 21, 1871 – September 6, 1915)

Grover Cleveland 1st term 
 No children first term, bachelor, married Frances Clara Folsom during his first term

Alleged son of Grover Cleveland and Maria Crofts Halpin
 Oscar Folsom Cleveland, (September 1874 – ?), adopted by James and Sarah King of Buffalo, New York before his fifth birthday; his name was changed to James E. King. Here, evidence becomes sketchy: he may have become a physician, died before the age of 30, and been buried in Warren, Pennsylvania.
Benjamin Harrison and Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison 
 Russell Benjamin Harrison (August 12, 1854 – December 13, 1936) (Born Russell Farnum Lord Harrison)
 m. May Angeline Saunders, ?
 Mary "Mamie" Scott Harrison McKee (April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930)
 m. James Robert McKee, 2 children
 unnamed daughter (June 13, 1861)

Benjamin Harrison and Mary Scott Lord Dimmick Harrison 
 Elizabeth Harrison Walker (February 21, 1897 – December 26, 1955)
 m. James Blaine Walker, one daughter, Jane Harrison Walker who married Newell Garfield, a grandson of Interior Secretary James Rudolph Garfield, and great-grandson of President James Garfield
Grover Cleveland and Frances Clara Folsom Cleveland (later Preston) 
 Ruth Cleveland (October 3, 1891 – January 7, 1904)
 Esther Cleveland Bosanquet (September 9, 1893 – June 26, 1980)
 m. Captain William Sydney Bence Bosanquet, 2 children
 Marion Cleveland Dell Amen (July 7, 1895 – June 18, 1977)
 m. William Stanley Dell, 1 child, divorced
 m. John Harlan Amen, 1 child
 Richard Folsom “Dick” Cleveland (October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974)
 Francis Grover Cleveland (July 18, 1903 – November 8, 1995)
 m. Alice Erdman

William McKinley and Ida Saxton McKinley 
 Katherine “Katie” McKinley (December 25, 1871 – June 25, 1875), died of typhoid fever
 Ida McKinley (daughter) (April 1, 1873 – August 22, 1873), died of unknown causes

Theodore Roosevelt and Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt 
 Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth (February 12, 1884 – February 20, 1980)
 m.  Nicholas Longworth, Speaker of the House, 1 child (paternity disputed)
Theodore Roosevelt and Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt 
 Theodore “Ted” Roosevelt, Jr. (September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944)
 m. Eleanor Alexander, 4 children
 Kermit Roosevelt (October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943)
 m. Belle Willard, 4 children
 Ethel Carow Roosevelt Derby (August 13, 1891 – December 10, 1977)
 m. Richard Derby, 4 children
 Archibald “Archie” Bulloch Roosevelt (April 9, 1894 – October 13, 1979)
 m. Grace Lockwood, 4 children
 Quentin Roosevelt (November 19, 1897 – July 14, 1918)
 engaged to Flora Layne Whitney at time of death in WWI

William Howard Taft and Helen Louise Herron "Nellie" Taft 
 Robert Alphonso Taft (September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953)
 m. Martha Wheaton Bowers, 4 children
 Helen Herron Taft Manning (August 1, 1891 – February 21, 1987)
 m. Frederick Johnson Manning, 2 children
 Charles Phelps Taft II (September 20, 1897 – June 24, 1983)
 m. Eleanor K. Chase, 7 children
Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Louise Axson Wilson 
 Margaret Woodrow Wilson (April 13, 1886 – February 12, 1944)
 Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre (August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933)
 m. Francis Sayre, 3 children
 Eleanor Wilson McAdoo (October 16, 1889 – April 5, 1967)
 m. William Gibbs McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, 2 children, divorced

Woodrow Wilson and Edith Bolling Galt Wilson 
 No children together (Mrs. Wilson and her first husband, Norman Galt, had a son in 1903 who died a few days after birth.)

Warren Gamaliel Harding and Florence “Flossie” Mabel Kling DeWolfe Harding 
 No children together
 Marshall Eugene “Pete” DeWolfe (stepson) (September 22, 1880 – January 1, 1915), was the son of Flossie's first husband, Henry Athenton (Pete) DeWolfe, whom she divorced
 m. Esther Naomi Neely, 2 children

Alleged daughter of Warren Harding and Nan Britton
 Elizabeth Ann Britton   (October 22, 1919 – November 17, 2005)
 m. Henry Blaesing, 3 children
Calvin Coolidge and Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge 
 John Coolidge (September 7, 1906 – May 31, 2000)
 m. Florence Trumbull, (daughter of CT Gov.), 2 children
 Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (April 13, 1908 – July 7, 1924)

Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover 
 Herbert Hoover, Jr. (August 8, 1903 – April 9, 1969)
 m. Margaret Watson, 3 children
 Allan Henry Hoover (July 17, 1907 – November 8, 1993)
 m. Margaret Coberly, 3 children
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Anna Eleanor Roosevelt 
 Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Dall Boettiger Halstead (May 3, 1906 – December 1, 1975)
 m. Curtis Bean Dall, 2 children, divorced
 m. (Clarence) John Boettiger, 1 child, divorced
 m. James Addison Halstead, no children
 James “Jimmy” Roosevelt (December 23, 1907 – August 13, 1991) (debate: 3 or 7 children total)
 m. Betsey Maria Cushing, 2 children, divorced
 m. Romelle Theresa Schneider, 3 children, divorced
 m. Gladys Irene Kitchenmaster Owens, 1 adopted child, divorced
 m. Mary Lena Winskill, 1 child
 Franklin Roosevelt (March 18, 1909 – November 8, 1909)
 Elliott Roosevelt (September 23, 1910 – October 27, 1990)
 m. Elizabeth Browning Donner, 1 child, divorced
 m. Ruth Josephine Googins, 3 children, divorced
 m. Faye Margaret Emerson (actress), no children, divorced
 m. Minnewa Bell Burnside Gray Ross, no children, divorced
 m. Patricia Peabody Whitehead, adopted her 4 children, 1 child together who died an infant
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. (August 17, 1914 – August 17, 1988)
 m. Ethel du Pont, 2 children (including FDR III), divorced
 m. Suzanne Perrin, 2 children, divorced
 m. Felicia Schiff Warburg Sarnoff, no children, divorced
 m. Patricia Luisa Oakes, 1 child, divorced
 m. Linda McKay Stevenson Weicker, no children
 John Aspinwall Roosevelt (March 13, 1916 – April 27, 1981)
 m. Anne Lindsay Clark, 4 children, divorced
 m. Irene Boyd McAlpin, no children
Harry S Truman and Elizabeth “Bess” Virginia Wallace Truman 

 Margaret Truman (February 17, 1924 – January 29, 2008)
 m.  Elbert Clifton Daniel Jr., 4 children

Dwight David Eisenhower and Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower 
 Doud Dwight “Icky” Eisenhower (September 24, 1917 – January 2, 1921), died of scarlet fever
 John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower (August 3, 1922 – December 21, 2013)
 m. Barbara Jean Thompson, 4 children (including David Eisenhower who married Julie Nixon), divorced
 m. Joanne Thompson, no children
John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy (later Onassis) 
 daughter (stillborn; some sources say her name was Arabella, though only "DAUGHTER" appears on her gravestone) (August 23, 1956)
 Caroline Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg (November 27, 1957 – )
 m. Edwin Arthur Schlossberg, 3 children
 John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr. (November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999)
 m. Carolyn Jeanne Bessette, no children, died together in airplane accident off the coast of Massachusetts in 1999
 Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (August 7, 1963 – August 9, 1963) died of respiratory distress secondary to prematurity

Lyndon Baines Johnson and Claudia Alta Taylor “Lady Bird” Johnson 
 Lynda Bird Johnson Robb (March 19, 1944 – ) (Born Linda Bird Johnson)
 m. Charles S. Robb, Governor of Virginia, US Senator, 3 children
 Luci Baines Johnson Nugent Turpin (July 2, 1947 – ) (Born Lucy Baines Johnson)
 m. Patrick John Nugent, 4 children, annulled
 m. Ian J. Turpin, no children
Alleged son of Lyndon Baines Johnson and Madeleine Duncan Brown 

 Steven Mark Brown (December 27, 1950 – September 28, 1990) filed lawsuit for a share of LBJ's estate; died of cancer before suit was resolved

Richard Milhous Nixon and Thelma Catherine Ryan "Pat" Nixon 

 Patricia "Tricia" Nixon Cox (February 21, 1946 – )
 m. Edward Cox, one child
 Julie Nixon Eisenhower (July 5, 1948 – )
 m. (Dwight) David Eisenhower II, 3 children

Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. and Elizabeth Ann Bloomer Warren Ford 

 Michael Gerald Ford (March 14, 1950 – )
 m. Gayle Ann Brumbaugh, 3 daughters
 John “Jack” Gardner Ford (March 16, 1952 – )
 m. Juliann Felando, 2 children
 Steven Meigs Ford (May 19, 1956 – )
 Susan Ford Vance Bales (July 6, 1957 – )
 m. Charles Vance, 2 daughters
 m. Vaden Bales, no children together, he has three

James Earl Carter, Jr. and Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter
John William “Jack” Carter (July 3, 1947 – )
 m. Juliet “Judy” Lanford, 2 children
 m. Elizabeth Brasfield, no children together, she has two
 James Earl “Chip” Carter III (April 12, 1950 – )
 m. Caron Griffin, one child (James Earl Carter IV), divorced
 m. Ginger Hodges, one child
 m. Becky Payne, no children together
 Donnell Jeffrey “Jeff” Carter (August 18, 1952 – )
 m. Annette Jene Davis
 Amy Lynn Carter Wentzel (October 19, 1967 – )
 m. James Gregory Wentzel, one child

Ronald Wilson Reagan

Marriage with Jane Wyman
 Maureen Elizabeth Reagan Filippone Sills Revell (Adopted) (January 4, 1941 – August 3, 2001)
 m. John Filippone, no children (div.)
 m. David Sills, no children (div.)
 m. Dennis Revell, one adopted child
 Michael Reagan (adopted) (March 18, 1945 – )
 m. Pamela Putnam, no children (div.)
 m. Colleen Sterns, 2 children
 Christine Reagan (June 27, 1947 – June 28, 1947) born too early to survive
Marriage with Nancy Davis Reagan 
 Patricia “Patti Davis” Ann Reagan (October 22, 1952 – )
 m. Paul Grilley, no children (div.)
 Ronald Prescott Reagan (May 20, 1958 – )
 m. Doria Palmieri, no children

George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush 
 George Walker Bush (July 6, 1946 – ) 43rd U.S. President
 m. Laura Welch, two children
 Pauline Robinson “Robin” Bush (December 20, 1949 – October 11, 1953)
 John Ellis “Jeb” Bush (February 11, 1953 – ) Governor of Florida
 m. Columba Garnica Gallo, 3 children
 Neil Mallon Bush (January 22, 1955 – )
 m. Sharon Smith, 3 children, divorced
 m. Maria Andrews, no children together, she has at least one
 Marvin Pierce Bush (October 22, 1956 – )
 m. Margaret Conway Molster, 2 adopted children
 Dorothy “Doro” Bush LeBlond Koch (August 18, 1959 – )
 m. William “Billy” LeBlond, 2 children, divorced
 m. Robert “Bobby” P. Koch, 2 children

William Jefferson Clinton and Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton
Chelsea Victoria Clinton (February 27, 1980 – )
 married to Marc Mezvinsky on July 31, 2010, in Rhinebeck, New York

George Walker Bush and Laura Lane Welch Bush 

 Barbara Pierce Bush (November 25, 1981 – )
 Jenna Welch Bush (November 25, 1981 – )
 married to Henry Hager on May 10, 2008, at the home of her parents in Crawford, Texas

Barack Obama and Michelle Robinson Obama 

 Malia Ann Obama (July 4, 1998 – )
 Sasha Obama (June 10, 2001 – )

Donald Trump

Marriage with Ivana Zelníčková
 Donald Trump Jr. (December 31, 1977 - )
 m. Vannessa Haydon in 2005; 5 children
 Ivanka Trump (October 30, 1981 - )
 m. Jared Kushner in 2009; 3 children
 Eric Trump (January 6, 1984 - )
 m. Lara Yunaska in 2014; 1 child

Marriage with Marla Maples
 Tiffany Trump (October 13, 1993 - )

Marriage with Melania Knauss
 Barron Trump (March 20, 2006 - )
References
 Bonnie Angelo, First Families: The Impact of the White House on Their Lives, 
 William A. Degregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Wings Books, 1991
 Doug Wead, All the President's Children:  Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families, Atria Books, New York, 2003,

Further reading
 Larry D. Underwood. All the President's Children, Dageford Publishing, 2002,  (a children's book)
 Quinn-Musgrove, Sandra L. and Kanter, Sanford, America's Royalty: All the President's Children, Olympic Marketing,

Other websites
 Lythgoes genealogy search 

Lists of American people
Dolores Hope (May 27, 1909 – September 19, 2011) was an American singer. She was the widow of Bob Hope.

Early life
Hope was born Dolores DeFina on May 27, 1909. She was of Italian and Irish ancestry. She was born and raised in New York City. She began her career in the 1930s.

Marriage to Bob
In 1933, she met Bob Hope the first time in a Manhattan nightclub. They married in 1934. The couple adopted four children: Eleanora, Anthony, Linda and Kelly.

She and her husband entertained U.S. troops from the 1940s until the 1990s. Dolores Hope did this job over the time of a half century until the 1990s. In 1990, she was the only female entertainer who was allowed to go to Saudi Arabia.

Awards
She was often awarded for her work, for example with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and seven honorary Doctorates. A street was named after Dolores Hope in the Bronx.
Later life
She was with her husband as he turned 100. Shortly after, and 69 years after their marriage, Bob Hope died in summer of 2003 at age 100. On May 27, 2009, Dolores Hope celebrated her 100th birthday. She died on September 19, 2011.

Other websites
 
 Dolores Hope biography 
 Anthony J. Hope, Bob Hope's Son, dies at 63

American centenarians
American musicians
Singers from New York City
1909 births
2011 deaths
Miranda (late latin Miranda meaning to be admired at  or "watchtower", "vantage point"). Miranda is also a family name and a female given name. It may also refer to:

People 
Miranda Hart (born 1972), British actress and comedienne
Miranda Krestovnikoff (born 1973), British television presenter
Miranda Richardson (born 1958), British actress

Literature 
Miranda (Shakespeare),  the daughter of Duke Prospero in William Shakespeare's The Tempest
Miranda (novel), a novel by Antoni Lange written in 1924
Miranda Cornielle, a character in the webcomic User Friendly
Miranda Priestly, a character in the novel and movie The Devil Wears Prada