Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The wooden horse or Spanish donkey is a torture device where the victim is made to straddle a triangular "horse" and place their full body weight on their genitals, which rested on the point of the angle which causes pain in the lower regions. Sometimes cannonballs or something similar would be tied to the victim's feet. There is also a less intense variation was probably developed for BDSM play.

BDSM
Torture
Calhoun County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas.

References 

Texas counties
1846 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in Texas
Calhoun County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia.

West Virginia counties
1856 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in West Virginia
Kenny vs. Spenny was a Canadian reality-comedy television series created by Kenny Hotz. It starred Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice.

In Canada reruns are still shown on the Showcase. The series had six seasons and ran from August 26, 2003 to December 23, 2010. Matt Stone and Trey Parker, creators of South Park, were executive producers for 10 episodes in the fourth season of the show. The series was about two friends who competed in numerous competitions. The loser of the competition would have to do a humiliation that the winner picked out. The show ended with an hour-long Christmas special that aired on December 23, 2010 on Showcase.

The show spawned many many replicas including Frank vs Girard in French Canadian on VRAK.TV, Ed vs. Spencer in the United Kingdom, Juan vs. Roman in Latin America, Elton vs. Simon in Germany, Katja vs. Bridget and Dennis vs. Valerio in the Netherlands, and Sid vs. Varun in India.
TV.com rated the series a 8.4. It was ranked as at #8 among the top 10 Canadian television shows of the 21st century.

References

Other websites
Official website

2003 television series debuts
2000s Canadian television series debuts
2000s comedy television series
2003 establishments in Canada
2010 Canadian television series endings
The Kaw people (also known as the Kanza) are a Native American people living in the central part of the Midwestern United States. The Kaw people have also been known as the "People of the South wind", "People of water", Kansa, Kaza, Kosa, and Kasa. The US state of Kansas was named after the Kaw people. Kansas' capital city, Topeka, was named after a Kaw word meaning "a good place to dig potatoes". The Kaw are closely related to the Osage Nation.

Government 
The Kaw Nation's headquarters is in Kaw City, Oklahoma. The tribe's jurisdictional area is in Kay County, Oklahoma. The elected chairwoman is Lynn Williams. She is serving a four-year term. There are 3,126 members of the tribe. 1,428 of them live in Oklahoma.

History
History

Interacting with the United States
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 hurt the Kaw. They were forced to move west by Native Americans from the east. They were also forced to move by White settlers who liked the "beautiful aspects" and "rich and exuberant soils" of the Kaw's land. In 1825, the Kaw ceded a big area of land in Missouri and Kansas to the United States. They did this in exchange for a promise of a $3,500 payment every year for twenty years. The promised payment was often late. Sometimes, the payments were taken by government officials and merchants.

The Kaw faced smallpox epidemics in 1827–1828 and 1831–1832. It killed about 500 people. In 1844, a flood destroyed most of the land the Kaw had planted. It hurt the Kaw a lot. In 1846, the Kaw sold most of their remaining  of land for $202,000 plus a  reservation on Council Grove, Kansas.
During the battle, the mixed-blood Kaw interpreter, Joseph James, Jr. went 60 miles to Topeka to ask for help from the Governor. An eight-year-old, part-Indian boy named Charles Curtis went with Joseph James. Curtis would later become a jockey, a lawyer, a politician, and Vice President of the United States under Herbert Hoover.

White pressure finally forced the Kaw out of Kansas. On June 4, 1873, they packed up, and they went south in wagons to Indian Territory to a new reservation. Two weeks later, 533 men, women, and children arrived at the junction of the Arkansas River and Beaver Creek. This would become Kay County, Oklahoma. The Kaw made their last successful buffalo hunt that winter. They went to the Great Salt Plains to hunt. They saved the buffalo meat by jerking it, and they sold the buffalo fur for five thousand dollars.
20th century 
While living in the Indian Territory, they were ignored by white people. However, the tribe continued to lose people. By 1888 there were only 188 persons. The Kaws seemed like they would be gone. However, they slowly acculturated and their numbers increased, mostly through intermarriage as the number of full-bloods continued to decline. By 1910, only one old woman in the tribe could not speak English and more than 80 percent were literate.
The Curtis act of 1898 allowed the federal government to have more power over Indian affairs. The author of the law was Charles Curtis, now a Congressman. Curtis believed that the Indians should be assimilated. He supported the break-up of tribal governments and the allotment of tribal lands to their members. In 1902, at Curtis's urging, Congress ended the Kaw tribal government and reservation. Congress divided tribal lands among members. Each of 247 Kaw tribal members got . Of that,  were for a house. Curtis and his son and two daughters got  of land. Most Kaws sold or lost their land. By 1945, only 13 percent of the land of the former Kaw Reservation was owned by Kaws. Much former Kaw land was flooded by the creation of Kaw Lake in the 1960s. This included their Council House and cemetery at Washunga which was moved to Newkirk, Oklahoma.
The last fluent speaker of the Kansa language, Walter Kekahbah, died in 1983.
{As of 2012, the Kaw Nation offers online language learning for Kansa second language speakers}.

The last full-blood Kaw, William Mehojah, died in 2000.

References

Other websites 

Kaw Nation, official website
Al-le-ga-wa-ho Memorial
Rootsweb Kaw article.
WebKanza: The Online Home of the Kanza Language 

Kansas
Native Americans
The Siouan languages (also known as Siouan proper or Western Siouan) are a group of Native American languages. The Siouan languages are spoken in central North America.

Languages of North America
1000 Ways to Die is an American docufiction black comedy series which was first shown on the Television Channel Spike TV on May 14, 2008. It shows unusual deaths and uses black humor.

Cast 
 Thom Beers in the Pilot of the U.S. broadcast
 Ron Perlman in the Seasons 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the U.S. broadcast
 Alisdair Simpson in the Pilot & series 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the UK broadcast

Seasons

Sources

Other websites 
 1000 Ways to Die at Spike.com

2008 American television series debuts
American comedy television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
Black comedy
English-language television programs
A crisis is a situation which is difficult, unexpected, or an emergency. It is often an important "turning point", where a decision must be taken, affecting many people. Very often, this decision must be taken in relatively little time. The word is related to the Greek κρίσις (krisis). Examples include the sudden threat of war, or the occurrence of a natural disaster.

According to Steven Fink, a crisis manager, crises may: 
 be difficult to control 
 the focus of mass media, or government attention
 interfere with regular business 

Crises occur in different fields. People may develop post-traumatic stress disorder, because they cannot deal with a crisis situation. Many countries and associations offer help lines, which can help people deal with a crisis situation.

Other page 
Existential crisis 

Security
Events
A dust storm, or sandstorm, is a storm of small particles of sand and dirt. Dust storms happen when a strong wind front blows loose sand and dust from a dry surface. Particles are picked up and suspended in the air, causing soil erosion where they were. The wind drops them in another place where they can form loess, a kind of silt.

Winds
The Jabiru (Jabiru mycteria) is a large stork found in the Americas from Mexico to Argentina, except west of the Andes. It is most common in the Pantanal region of Brazil and the Eastern Chaco region of Paraguay. It is the only member of the genus Jabiru. The name comes from the Tupi-Guaraní language and means "swollen neck".

Birds of South America
Ciconiiformes
Birds of Central America
Big Dipper is the American name for the seven brightest stars of Ursa Major. It is called the Plough in Britain.

Big Dipper also may refer to:
 Big Dipper, alternative name for a roller coaster ride, especially in the United Kingdom. Several roller coasters are specifically known by this name, including;
 Big Dipper (Blackpool), a wooden roller coaster at Blackpool Pleasure Beach
 Big Dipper (Geauga Lake), a wooden roller coaster at Geauga Lake
 Big Dipper (Luna Park Sydney), a wooden roller coaster operating at Luna Park Sydney from 1935 until 1981
 Cyclone (Dreamworld), a steel roller coaster which operated as Big Dipper at Luna Park Sydney from 1995 to 2001
 For other uses of the big dipper see Starry Plough (disambiguation)
As a nickname in sport, Big Dipper may also refer to:
 Wilt Chamberlain (1936–1999), American basketball player
 Melvin Turpin (1960–2010), American basketball player
 Jeff Wilkins (born 1955), American basketball player
 Robert DiPierdomenico (born 1958), Australian rules footballer 
 Chris Duncan (born 1981), American baseball player

In music:
 Big Dipper (band), a 1980s-1990s Boston alternative-rock band
 Big Dipper (Elton John song), a 1978 song by Elton John
 Big Dipper (album), a 2003 album by Drop Trio
"Big Dipper", a song by Jethro Tull from their 1976 album Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!
"Big Dipper", a song by Built to Spill from their 1994 album There's Nothing Wrong with Love 
Big Dipper (Michigan's Adventure)

Related pages
 Beidou (disambiguation), Chinese name of Big Dipper
Greensboro is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It has about 260,000 people and is growing. Greensboro is near Winston Salem and High Point in an area called The Triad. It is in Guilford County.

History
Greensboro was started in 1808. It was built in the middle of Guilford County. It grew slowly, but was rich because of cotton. In the 1840s, a railroad was built going through Greensboro, making it grow faster. The Civil War did not hurt Greensboro much.

In the early 1900s, Greensboro grew a lot because of textiles. They also became rich.

A lot of stuff happened during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s in Greensboro, including a sit-in at a counter in a restaurant.

Now, Greensboro continues to grow, and is located at the intersection of two big freeways, Interstate 40 and I-85.

References

 
County seats in North Carolina
Ophiuchus is the name of a constellation Ophiuchus, a person holding a snake.

Ophiuchus also may mean:

 Ophiuchus_(band) is an English folk band.
 Ophiuchus_(astrology) is a sign in the Western zodiac.
Christie Brinkley (born February 2, 1954) is an American model, actress, writer and designer. She was born Christie Lee Hudson in Monroe, Michigan. She moved to Los Angeles, California and changed her surname to that of her stepfather, writer Don Brinkley (1921–2012). She has appeared on magazine covers many times and has a long contract with CoverGirl (the longest of any model in history). All her four marriages ended in divorce. Her second marriage was to singer Billy Joel and lasted from 1985–1994. Their daughter Alexa Ray Joel (born 1985) is her eldest child and is a musician. Brinkley also has a son by her third husband and a daughter by her fourth.

Other websites 

Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Michigan
American activists
American movie actors
Models from Los Angeles
Models from Michigan
1954 births
Living people
Michael "Mike" Bibby (born May 13, 1978 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is a retired American basketball player who played with the Sacramento Kings of the NBA for most of his career. He attended college at University of Arizona where he played basketball with the Wildcats. Mike Bibby started his NBA career when he was drafted by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the 1998 NBA Draft with the 2nd pick in the 1st round. Bibby played 3 seasons with the Vancouver Grizzlies, 7 seasons with the Sacramento Kings, 3 seasons with the Atlanta Hawks and two games with the Washington Wizards before having his contract bought out by the Wizards on February 28, 2011.

References

Other websites 
Mike Bibby's Official website
Mike Bibby's NBA player profile

1978 births
American basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Living people
Miami Heat players
New York Knicks players
Sacramento Kings players
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Vancouver Grizzlies players
Washington Wizards players
The Vancouver Grizzlies were a Canadian professional basketball team that played in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team started playing in 1995. They started with the Toronto Raptors, as part of the NBA's expansion into Canada. They relocated to Memphis, Tennessee in 2001 and became the Memphis Grizzlies. The Grizzlies played their home games at the General Motors Place (Now Rogers Arena). The Grizzlies were originally going to be called the Vancouver Mounties but were forced to find a new name because the RCMP objected it.

The team had struggled in their early years and they finished last in their division in five of their six seasons. Over their six seasons, they had an overall record of 101 wins and 359 loses and were never able to make it to the playoffs.
After the 1998–99 lockout, the team suffered low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar was making the owner Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment lose money on the franchise. After they failed to sell the team to Bill Laurie, it was instead sold to Michael Heisley. At the time, Heisley said that he was going to keep the team in Vancouver, but he then immediately started looking for a suitable relocation city in the US. He would eventually move the team to Memphis, Tennessee for the 2001-02 season.

References

Other websites 
Official website (Archived)
Vancouver Grizzlies history at sportsecyclopedia.com

1995 establishments in Canada
2001 disestablishments in Canada
Defunct sports teams
Sports teams in Vancouver
Rango is a 2011 American computer-animated action comedy movie that was produced by Gore Verbinski, Graham King and John B. Carls and was directed by Gore Verbinski. Rango was released on March 4, 2011 in North America. Rango was positively received from audience. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
Cast 
Johnny Depp as Rango
Isla Fisher as Beans
James Ward Bykrit as Waffles
Abigail Breslin as Priscilla
Alfred Molina as Roadkill
Bill Nighy as Rattlesnake Jake
Harry Dean Stanton as Balthazar
Maile Flanagan as Boo
Ray Winstone as Bad Bill
Nika Futterman as Akiano
Claudia Black as Angélique
Ned Beatty as Tortoise John
Timothy Olyphant as The Spirit of the West
Alanna Ubach as Fresca
Lew Temple as Furgus
Ian Abercrombie as Ambrose
Stephen Root as Doc and Merrimack
John Cothran, Jr. as Elgin
Beth Grant as Bonnie
Gil Birmingham as Wounded Bird
Blake Clark as Buford
Joe Nunez as Rockeye
Daisy Eckersley as Melonee
Alex Manugian as Spoons
Logan Grove as Mouse Boy #1
Kwesi Boakye as Mouse Boy #2
Kyla Rae Kowalewski as Mouse Girl

Other websites 
Rango's Official website
2011 action movies
2011 comedy movies
2011 animated movies
2010s action comedy movies
American animated movies
American action comedy movies
Computer-animated movies
English-language movies
Academy Award winning movies
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award
Movies set in deserts
Movies directed by Gore Verbinski
Abigail Kathleen Breslin (born April 14, 1996) is an American actress. Breslin was born in New York City, New York. She first appeared in the 2002 science fiction movie, Signs. Breslin had her breakthrough role in the 2006 comedy-drama Little Miss Sunshine where she played Olive Hoover. At age 10, she was one of the youngest people to be nominated for an Academy Award.

Personal life 
In April 2017, Breslin revealed that she has been diagnosed with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after she was raped by an ex-boyfriend.

On January 28, 2023, Breslin announced that she married Ira Kunyansky.

Movies

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 
 

Actors from New York City
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
1996 births
Living people
The ICC Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition. It is played in the One Day International (ODI) cricket format. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC). Cricket World Cup is the third largest sporting event in the world, behind soccer's World Cup and the Summer Olympic Games. The first Cricket World Cup contest was organised in England in 1975. A separate Women's Cricket World Cup has been held every four years since 1973.

The finals of the Cricket World Cup are contested by all ten Test-playing nations. They are joined by other nations who qualify through the Cup Qualifying competition. Australia has been the most successful team winning the title five times (in 1987, 1999, 2003 and 2007,2015). West Indies (in 1975 and 1979) and India (in 1983 and 2011) have won the title 2 times each. And Pakistan (in 1992) ,Sri Lanka (in 1996) and England {in 2019} have won the title one time each.
Creation
The first ever international cricket match was played between Canada and the United States, on the 24 and 25 September 1844. However, the first credited Test match was played in 1877 between Australia and England, and the two teams competed regularly for The Ashes in subsequent years. South Africa was admitted to Test status in 1889. Representative cricket teams were selected to tour each other, resulting in bilateral competition. Cricket was also included as an Olympic sport at the 1900 Paris Games, where Great Britain defeated France to win the Gold medal. This was the only appearance of cricket at the Summer Olympics.
In the early 1960s, English county cricket teams began playing a shortened version of cricket which only lasted for one day. Starting in 1962 with a four-team knockout competition known as the Midlands Knock-Out Cup, and continuing with the inaugural Gillette Cup in 1963, one-day cricket grew in popularity in England. A national Sunday League was formed in 1969. The first One-Day International event was played on the fifth day of a rain-aborted Test match between England and Australia at Melbourne in 1971, to fill the time available and as compensation for the frustrated crowd. It was a forty over match with eight balls per over.

The success and popularity of the domestic one-day competitions in England and other parts of the world, as well as the early One-Day Internationals, prompted the ICC to consider organising a Cricket World Cup.

Format

Qualification
Qualification

The Test-playing nations qualify automatically for the World Cup main event, while the other teams have to qualify through a series of preliminary qualifying tournaments. The One Day International playing nations automatically enter the final qualification tournament, the World Cup Qualifier, along with other nations who have qualified through separate competitions.

Qualifying tournaments were introduced for the second World Cup, where two of the eight places in the finals were awarded to the leading teams in the ICC Trophy. The number of teams selected through the ICC Trophy has varied throughout the years; currently, six teams are selected for the Cricket World Cup. The World Cricket League (administered by the International Cricket Council) is the qualification system provided to allow the Associate and Affiliate members of the ICC more opportunities to qualify.The name "ICC Trophy" has been changed to "ICC World Cup Qualifier".

Tournament
Tournament

The format of the Cricket World Cup has changed greatly over the course of its history. The first four tournaments were played by eight teams, divided into two groups of four. The competition was held in two stages. A group stage and a knock-out stage. The four teams in each group played each other once in the group stage. The top two teams in each group went through to the semi-finals. The winners of the semi-finals played against each other in the final. With the return of South Africa in 1992 after the ending of the apartheid boycott, nine teams played each other once in the group phase, and the top four teams progressed to the semi-finals. The tournament was made bigger in 1996, with two groups of six teams. The top four teams from each group progressed to quarter-finals and semi-finals.
The last format used in the 2007 World Cup, features 16 teams allocated into four groups of four. Each team played each other once within the group. Teams earn points for wins and half-points for ties. The top two teams from each group move forward to the Super 8 round. The "Super 8" teams play the other six teams that progressed from the different groups. Teams earned points in the same way as the group stage. Teams also carry their points forward from the match against the other team who qualified from the same group. The top four teams from the "Super 8" round advance to the semi-finals. The winners of the semi-finals play in the final.

The current format features 14 teams. The 14 teams are split into two groups of seven. Within each group each team will play each other once. The top four teams from each group will proceed to the knock out stage playing quarter-finals. Winners of the quarter-finals will play semi-finals and the winning semi-finalists will play in the final.

Trophy
Trophy

The ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy is presented to the winners of the World Cup finals. The current trophy was created for the 1999 championships, and was the first permanent prize in the tournament's history; prior to this, different trophies were made for each World Cup.  The trophy was designed and produced in London by a team of craftsmen from Garrard & Co over a period of two months.

The current trophy is made from silver and gild, and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns. The columns, shaped as stumps and bails, represent the three fundamental aspects of cricket: batting, bowling and fielding, while the globe characterises a cricket ball. The trophy is designed with platonic dimensions, so that it can be easily recognised from any angle. It stands 60 cm high and weighs approximately 11 kilograms. The names of the previous winners are engraved on the base of the trophy, with space for a total of twenty inscriptions.
The original trophy is kept by the ICC. A replica, which differs only in the inscriptions, is permanently awarded to the winning team.

Media coverage

The tournament is the world's third largest (with only the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics  exceeding it), being televised in over 200 countries to over 2.2 billion television viewers. Television rights, mainly for the 2011 and 2015 World Cup, were sold for over US$1.1 billion, and sponsorship rights were sold for a further US$500 million. The 2003 Cricket World Cup matches were attended by 626,845 people, while the 2007 Cricket World Cup sold more than 672,000 tickets and recorded the highest ticketing revenue for a Cricket World Cup.

Successive World Cup tournaments have generated increasing media attention as One-Day International cricket has become more established. The 2003 World Cup in South Africa was the first to sport a mascot, Dazzler the zebra. An orange raccoon-like creature known as Mello was the mascot for the 2007 Cricket World Cup.
Selection of hosts

The International Cricket Council's executive committee votes for the hosts of the tournament after examining the bids made by the nations keen to hold a Cricket World Cup.

England hosted the first three competitions. The ICC decided that England should host the first tournament because it was ready to devote the resources required to organising the inaugural event. India volunteered to host the third Cricket World Cup, but most ICC members believed England to be a more suitable venue because the longer period of daylight in England in June meant that a match could be completed in one day. The 1987 Cricket World Cup was the first hosted outside England, held in Pakistan and India.

Finals

Individual awards

Since 1992, one player has been declared as "Man of the Tournament" at the end of the World Cup finals:
Previously, there was no tournament award, although Man of the Match awards have always been given for individual matches. Winning the Man of the Match in the final is logically noteworthy, as this indicates the player deemed to have played the biggest part in the World Cup final. To date the award has always gone to a member of the winning side. The Man of the Match award in the final of the competition has been awarded to:

Main individual and team records

Related pages

U/19 Cricket World Cup
Women's Cricket World Cup

References

Notes

Other websites
Official ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 website
Official ICC website  
ICC World Cup 2023 Full Details 

 
1975 establishments
Dicastillo is a village in Navarre. There are 691 people in Dicastillo. Festivals are held on August. These festivals are celebrated on San Blas, 3rd of February, or on the Asparagu's day, which is in spring. There is a music band called Banda Bizkarra, formed by 30 musicians.

Municipalities in Navarre
Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying. 

A desiccant is a hygroscopic (water-attracting) substance that causes desiccation in a moderately sealed container.

Biology 
Desiccation tolerance refers to the ability of an organism to withstand or endure extreme dryness, or drought-like conditions. 

Plants and animals living in arid or periodically arid environments such as temporary streams or ponds may face desiccation, therefore physiological or behavioural adaptations are necessary to ensure survival. In particular, insects occupy a wide range of ecologically diverse niches and so have a variety of strategies to avoid desiccation. 

Desiccation resistance in insects is generally measured by the change in mass during dry conditions.  The overall mass difference between measurements before and after aridity exposure is attributed to body water loss.
Extreme cases 
Cryptobiosis refers to the state of an organism that has no detectable metabolic activity, resulting from extreme and unfavorable environmental conditions. Anhydrobiosis refers to the state of surviving the loss of (almost) all body water.

Tardigrades  
Tardigrades are able to live in environments that would kill most animals. In 2007, scientists discovered that some tardigrades were able to survive 10 days in outer space. Tardigrades can survive more than ten years without water.

Rotifers 
Rotifers are specialists at living in habitats where water dries up regularly. 

The Monogononta, which have males, produce fertilised 'resting eggs' which can resist desiccation (drought) for long periods. 

The Bdelloids, who have no males, contract into an inert form and lose almost all body water, a process known as cryptobiosis. Bdelloids can also survive the dry state for long periods: the longest well-documented dormancy is nine years. After they have dried, they may be revived by adding water.
References 

Physiology
Ecology
Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer.

Kelly has released twelve studio albums and three collaboration albums. He has been nominated for 24 Grammy Awards. He has won three. He is also known for the hit songs "Ignition", "I Believe I Can Fly" and the "Trapped in the Closet" series of songs. He sold more albums than any other male R&B musician in the 1990s.

He produced Aaliyah's 1994 first album Age Ain't Nothing But a Number.  In 1996, Kelly was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing Michael Jackson's song "You Are Not Alone".
In 2019, Kelly was arrested and for sexual abuse and child pornography of under aged girls. A 2021 trial in New York convicted Kelly for violations of the Mann Act and racketeering. A 2022 trial in Chicago convicted Kelly for three child pornography charges and three charges of enticing a minor; He was acquitted of charges of conspiracy to obstruct justice in relation to his 2008 trial. The Brooklyn court sentenced Kelly to 30 years imprisonment. Kelly was sentenced in Chicago federal court on February 23, 2023. He was sentenced Kelly to 20 years: 19 years were to be served at the same time as his 30-year sentence from New York,  He was also given1 year to be served after his NY sentence, This means he has a total sentence of 31 years. , Kelly is an inmate of a prison in Chicago. He continues to challenge his two convictions.

Career
In 1989, Kelly started MGM (Musically Gifted Men) with his friend Marc McWilliams. They released a single called "Why You Wanna Play Me".
In 1990 Kelly was signed by Jive Records. 

In 1991, he was on the TV talent show Big Break. He won the $100,000 prize.

Born into the 90's, Kelly's first album with Public Announcement, was released 1992. In January 1993, he stopped making music with them. He released his first solo single, "Sex Me", on August 6 1993.

In 1993 Kelly's first solo album, 12 Play, was released. The album's second single "Bump n' Grind" was Kelly's first number 1.

In 1995, his self titled second album was released. It was Kelly's first number 1 album. It got positive reviews.

On November 26, 1996, "I Believe I Can Fly", R.'''s first single, was released. It won three Grammy Awards in 1998.

On May, 20, 1998, Sparkle released her first album Sparkle. Kelly wrote and produced the album and released it on his record label Rockland. Kelly sang in the first single from the album, "Be Careful".
Kelly's first double album, R., was released in November 1998. The album had a song with Celine Dion called "I'm Your Angel". Nine number one singles were released from the album. It is his best-selling album yet. It has sold over 12 million copies around the world.

Kelly wrote a ballad called "Cry" for Michael Jackson. It was released on Jackson's last album Invincible.TP-2.com was released in 2000. Its first single, "I Wish", was nominated for a Grammy.

On September 2 2002, "The World's Greatest" was released as a single. It was also featured in the 2001 sports movie Ali.Chocolate Factory was released 2003. It went straight to number one in the Billboard 200. The album's first single "Ignition" was Kelly's second UK number 1. It was on the soundtrack of the 2003 movie Love Don't Cost a Thing. The album got mostly good reviews.

Kelly wrote "One More Chance" for Michael Jackson's album Number Ones. It reached number one in the UK Singles Chart.
August 24, 2004, Kelly released his second double album, Happy People/U Saved Me. The first disc, Happy People, is eleven soul songs. The second disc, U Saved Me, is ten gospel songs.

Kelly released TP.3 Reloaded on July, 5, 2005. It was his fourth number one album in the Billboard 200.

On November 5, 2005, Kelly released the first 12 chapters of his movie Trapped in the Closet.Double Up, his eighth album, was released in May 2007. It was Kelly's fifth album to go straight to number one in the Billboard 200. Four singles were released.

On August 21, 2007 chapters 13-22 of Trapped in the Closet were released.

On June 3, 2009, Kelly released his first ever mixtape The "Demo" Tape (Gangsta Grillz), presented by DJ Skee and DJ Drama. It had eighteen songs.

On June 20 2009 he performed in Africa for the first time.

Kelly's ninth album Untitled was released on December 1, 2009.

On September 13, 2010, Epic, a collection of Kelly's most 'epic' ballads, was released in Europe.
Kelly's tenth solo album Love Letter was released on December 14, 2010. Kelly wrote and produced all of the songs. It got good reviews. The album has fourteen songs, and a cover of Michael Jackson's "You Are Not Alone" hidden at the end. Love Letter was nominated for Best R&B Album at the Grammy Awards. The single "Radio Message" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance.

On July, 19, 2011, Kelly was rushed to hospital for throat surgery. After this he didn't make music for a while.

On February 18, 2012, he performed "I Look to You" at Whitney Houston's memorial. "I Look to You" is a song that he wrote for Houston.

Kelly's eleventh album Write Me Back was released June 25, 2012. That summer his memoir Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me was published.

On November 23, 2012, chapters 23-33 of Trapped in the Closet were released.
2013--present
On October 21, 2013, Lady Gaga released the second single, "Do What U Want", from her album Artpop. Kelly sung on the song. They performed the song on Saturday Night Live on November 16.

On November 18, 2013, Justin Bieber released a single called "PYD" with vocals by Kelly.

Kelly's twelfth album, Black Panties was released in the United States on December 10, 2013. Two singles have been released from it, "Genius" and "My Story". A video was release for "Cookie". In 2014 Kelly will tour with Mary J. Blige.

In 2014, the 34th episode of Trapped in the Closet will be released. Trapped in the Closet: The Book will also be published.
Surviving R. Kelly
In January 2019, a widely viewed Lifetime docuseries titled Surviving R. Kelly'' detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women, allegations Kelly denies. Facing pressure from the public using the Mute R. Kelly hashtag, RCA Records dropped Kelly. On February 22, 2019, Kelly was indicted on 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse. On July 11, 2019, Kelly was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes and obstruction of justice. Kelly faces a total of 18 federal counts, including child pornography, kidnapping and forced labor, as of July 12, 2019.

Personal life
In 1994, Kelly married Aaliyah. Aaliyah lied about her age so the marriage would be legal.
Kelly married Andrea Kelly in 1996. They have three children. Kelly divorced her in 2009.

On February 3, 2002, a video with Kelly urinating on a young girl appeared. In 2008, Kelly was found not guilty of all the 14 counts of videotaping himself having sex with an underage girl that he was charged with.

Discography
Discography

Studio albums
R. Kelly has released 12 studio albums:

References

Other websites
 R. Kelly's Official website

American prisoners
American R&B singers
American rapists
American sex offenders
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
Child sexual abusers
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Chicago
People from Olympia Fields, Illinois
Singers from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
1967 births
Living people
Space Jam is a 1996 American live-action/animated sports comedy movie directed by Joe Pytka and produced by Ivan Reitman, Joe Medjuck, and Daniel Goldberg. It stars former basketball star Michael Jordan and the Looney Tunes. The movie won a Grammy Award in 1997 for Best Song Written Specifically for Motion Picture or Television for "I Believe I Can Fly" by singer R. Kelly. The stand-alone sequel Space Jam: A New Legacy, starring current basketball star LeBron James, was theatrically released on July 16, 2021.

Release Dates

Cast
Cast

Live-action 
 Michael Jordan as a fictional version of himself
 Bill Murray as himself
 Wayne Knight as Stan Podolak
 Thom Barry as James Jordan, Michael Jordan's father
 Theresa Randle as Juanita Jordan
 Kenn Michael as Adult Jeffrey Jordan
 Faizon Love as Adult Marcus Jordan
 Reagan Gomez-Preston as Adult Jasmine Jordan
 Manner Washington as Jeffrey Jordan
 Eric Gordon as Marcus Jordan
 Penny Bae Bridges as Jasmine Jordan
 Dan Castellaneta as a basketball fan
 Patricia Heaton as a basketball fan
 Trey Parker as a basketball fan
 Matt Stone as a basketball fan
 Noah Segan as a young boy
 Julia McIlvaine as a young boy
 Cedric Ceballos as himself
 Vlade Divac as himself
 Jeff Malone as himself
 Anthony Miller as himself
 A.C. Green as himself
 Sharone Wright as himself
 Alonzo Mourning as himself
 Charles Barkley as himself
 Muggsy Bogues as himself
 Patrick Ewing as himself 
 Larry Johnson as himself  
 Shawn Bradley as himself
 Larry Bird as himself
Voices 
 Billy West as Bugs Bunny / Elmer Fudd
 Dee Bradley Baker as Daffy Duck / Tasmanian Devil
 Danny DeVito as Swackhammer
 Bob Bergen as Porky Pig / Tweety / Marvin the Martian
 Bill Farmer as Sylvester the Cat / Foghorn Leghorn / Yosemite Sam
 Maurice LaMarche as Pepe le Pew
 Kath Soucie as Lola Bunny
 Jocelyn Blue as Nerdluck Pound
 Charity James as Nerdluck Blanko
 June Melby as Nerdluck Bang
 Catherine Reitman as Nerdluck Bupkus
 Colleen Wainwright as Nerdluck Nawt / Sniffles
 Darnell Suttles as Monstar Pound
 Steve Kehela as Monstar Blanko / Announcer
 Joey Camen as Monstar Bang
 Dorian Harewood as Monstar Bupkus
 T.K. Carter as Monstar Nawt
 June Foray as Granny / Witch Hazel
 Frank Welker as Charles the Dog

Other websites
 Space Jam's Official website
1996 movies
1990s comedy movies
Alternate history movies
Basketball movies
Space Jam
Grammy Award winners
1990s English-language movies
Movies featuring Sylvester (Looney Tunes)
Movies featuring the Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes)
Movies set in New York City
Warner Bros. movies
Movies composed by James Newton Howard
DeMarcus Cousins (born August 13, 1990 in Mobile, Alabama) is a professional basketball player. He plays for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). His position is center. The Kings chose Cousins with the fifth pick in the first round of the 2010 NBA Draft. Cousins played basketball at the University of Kentucky with the Wildcats.

Career highlights
 He was selected to the McDonald's All-American team selection in 2009.
 He was selected to the Jordan Brand High School All-American team selection in 2009.
 He was named the 2009–10 SEC Freshman of the Year.
 He was named the Rookie of the Month in July of 2010.

1990 births
African-American basketball players
American Olympians
American Olympic gold medalists
Competitors at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Golden State Warriors players
Living people
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
New Orleans Pelicans players
Sportspeople from Mobile, Alabama
Sacramento Kings players
American basketball players
Fettuccine Alfredo is a pasta dish made from fettuccine pasta tossed with Parmesan cheese and butter.

This is an old and simple recipe, in Italy it is simply called Fettuccine al burro ().  The Italian restaurateur Alfredo Di Lelio doubled the amount of butter used.  Alfredo invented his recipe in 1908 in the “trattoria” run by his mother Angelina in Rome, Piazza Rosa. This made it easier for his pregnant wife Ines to eat.  He then in 1914 started selling his variation at his restaurant Alfredo" in via della scrofa in Rome. 
Alfredo Di Lelio's family since 1950 continue to serve the fettuccine Alfredo in the restaurant "Il Vero Alfredo" in Piazza Augusto Imperatore in Rome.

Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks ate in 1927 at Alfredo alla Scrofa on their honeymoon, and this helped make the restaurant, and Fettuccine alfredo, popular with tourists.
American version 
In U.S. cuisine, cream is used as a sauce base. it may be mixed with other ingredients such as broccoli, parsley, garlic, shrimp, or chicken. Fettuccine Alfredo has now become ubiquitous in Italian-style restaurants in the United States and internationally, although in Italy this dish is not popular at all, as wrongly believed, and it is better known if called "Fettuccine al burro" instead of "Fettuccine Alfredo".

History
Fettuccine Alfredo is named for Alfredo di Lelio, an Italian restaurant owner. He ran a restaurant in Rome in the first half of the 20th century.
In 1914, his wife, who was pregnant, was having difficulty eating so he adapted a meal of pasta and butter, pasta al burro, for her. Later, he put the dish on the menu at his restaurant, the Alfredo alla Scrofa, and called his version Fettuccine Alfredo.  Hollywood celebrities Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks visited his restaurant on their honeymoon and eat the dish. When they returned home, they talked often about the dish. This caused the restaurant and the dish to become popular with American tourists.

In 1943, Di Lelio sold the restaurant but kept the right to the name and menu. In 1950, Alfredo Di Lelio reopened a new  restaurant "Il Vero Alfredo" in Rome, Piazza Augusto Imperatore 30. He worked there until his death in 1959. "Il Vero Alfredo" is now managed by his nephews Alfredo and Ines, with the famous “gold cutlery”” (fork and spoon gold) donated in 1927 by two well-known American actors Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks (in gratitude for the hospitality).

References
References

Dishes named after people
Pasta
A knockout mouse is a genetically engineered mouse in which one or more genes have been turned off by a gene knockout. 

Knockout mice are important animal models for studying the role of genes which have been sequenced but whose functions are not yet known. By causing a specific gene to be inactive in the mouse, and observing any differences from normal behaviour or condition, researchers can infer its probable function.

Mice are currently the most closely related laboratory animal species to humans for which the knockout technique can easily be applied. They are widely used in knockout experiments, especially those genetic questions which relate to human physiology. 

Gene knockout in rats is much harder and has only been possible since 2003.

The first knockout mouse was created by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies in 1989, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2007.
A detailed explanation of how knockout (KO) mice are produced is at the website of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007.

Aspects of the technology for generating knockout mice, and the mice themselves have been patented in many countries by private companies.

References 

Genetic engineering
The Chinese water chestnut (or water chestnut) is a plant,  Eleocharis dulcis. 

The corms of the plant are the water chestnuts. It has a crispy white flesh and can be eaten raw, slightly boiled, grilled, pickled, or tinned. This plant comes from China. They are grown in flooded paddy fields.

Poales
A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is switched off or replaced by one which does not work. 

The organisms, such as knockout mice, are used to learn about a gene that has been sequenced, but whose function is unknown or incompletely known. Researchers draw inferences from the difference between the knockout organism and normal individuals. Knockout is often abbreviated as KO.

Gene knock-in is the opposite term. There a gene is switched on, or a working gene inserted.

Method
Knockout is accomplished through a combination of techniques. It starts in the test tube with a plasmid, or other DNA construct, and proceeding to cell culture. 

Individual cells are genetically transformed with the DNA construct. Often the goal is to create an animal that has the altered gene.
If so, embryonic stem cells are genetically transformed and inserted into early embryos. Resulting animals with the genetic change in their germline cells can then often pass the gene knockout to future generations.

Genetic engineering
Molecular biology
Stewart Haas Racing is a NASCAR racing team based in Kannapolis, North Carolina. The team is co-owned by Tony Stewart and Gene Haas. There are currently four Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series drivers on the team: Kevin Harvick, Aric Almirola, Clint Bowyer, and Kurt Busch. Two Xfinity Series drivers drive for the team: Harvick and Chase Briscoe.

References

NASCAR racing teams
Temple Square is a National Historic Landmark and religious center in Salt Lake City, Utah, and is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  Temple Square contains the Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake Tabernacle, Salt Lake Assembly Hall, the Seagull Monument and two visitors' centers.  With 3 million to 5 million visitors a year, Temple Square is the most popular tourist attraction in Utah.

Other websites
 Official website - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 Official Site - Temple Square at lds.org

References

Mormonism
Buildings and structures in Utah
Salt Lake City
Town squares in the United States
National Historic Landmarks of the United States
A DNA construct is an artificially constructed segment of nucleic acid which is going to be 'transplanted' into a target tissue or cell.  

It often contains a DNA insert, which contains the gene sequence encoding a protein of interest. The DNA insert has been subcloned into a molecular biology vector. 

A DNA construct may express wildtype protein, or prevent the expression of certain genes by expressing competitors or inhibitors. It may express mutant proteins, such as deletion mutations or missense mutations. A DNA construct is often used in molecular biology to analyze macromolecules such as proteins or RNA in more detail.

Molecular biology vectors 

A molecular biology vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell. 

The main types of vectors are plasmids, bacteriophages and other viruses, and artificial chromosomes. Common to all engineered vectors are an origin of replication, a multicloning site, and a selectable marker.
The vector itself is generally a DNA sequence that consists of an insert (transgene) and a larger sequence that serves as the 'backbone' of the vector. The backbone will include bacterial resistance genes for growth in bacteria, and promoters for expression in the organism.  

The purpose of a vector which transfers genetic information to another cell is typically to isolate, multiply, or express the insert in the target cell. 

Insertion of a vector into the target cell is usually called transformation for bacterial cells, or transfection for eukaryotic cells. Insertion of a viral vector is often called transduction.

DNA
Genetic engineering
This Hour Has 22 Minutes is a Canadian comedy television series created by Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Michael Donovan, Jack Kellum, Gerald Lunz and George Anthony. In Canada reruns are shown on The Comedy Network and new episodes are shown on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

On a 2004-05 episode, Carolyn Parrish was shown stomping on a George W. Bush doll and performing voodoo on its head which ultimately lead to her dismissal from the Liberal caucus.

Websites
This Hour Has 22 Minutes at cbc.ca

References

Canadian television series
1993 television series debuts
Comedy television series
1993 establishments in Canada
English-language television programs
Enoch Arnold Bennett (27 May 1867 – 27 March 1931) was an English novelist.

He started as a journalist, and during World War I was in charge of propaganda in France.

Bennett was born in Hanley in the Potteries district of Staffordshire, and his best known books were about life in this area.  He changed the names of the five towns in the district, but their names are easy to recognise.

Food
When in London, Bennett liked to eat at the Savoy Hotel's Grill.  He often ate an omelette made with smoked haddock, and this has become known as the Omelette Arnold Bennett.  The Omelette Arnold Bennett has remained a Savoy standard dish ever since.

References

1867 births
1931 deaths

English writers
People with foods named after them
George Wald (November 18, 1906 – April 12, 1997) was an American scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967 for his discoveries in vision. He was born on November 18, 1906 in New York City and died on April 12, 1997 in Cambridge, Massachusettes, United States.

References

1906 births
1997 deaths
scientists from New York City
American biologists
American Nobel Prize winners