Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A GM will specialize in weapons such as the M500 shotgun, M60 machine gun, M14 rifle, M2 Browning machine gun, M9 pistol, M11 pistol, M16 rifle, M240 machine gun, M203 grenade launcher, M79 grenade launcher, M1911 pistol, M1 Garand, Mk 19 grenade launcher, Mk 18 Mod 0 Carbine Rifle, 5"/54 caliber Mark 45 gun, M242 Bushmaster chain gun, Vertical launching system, Missiles, torpedoes, pyrotechnics, hand grenades, non-lethal weapons, force protection & anti-terrorism, as well as operating shooting ranges, armories, and the storage and issue of ammunition.

Notes

Other websites

 GM from Navy Personnel Command (NPC): Bureau of Naval Personnel (BUPERS) 
 Enlisted Ratings and Jobs in the US Navy (Historical)
 Navy Ratings, Past and present 
 Navy Speciality ratings & Emergency ratings  

Military ranks
Sergeant First Class is a military rank in some military's and other uniformed organizations around the world. It is typically a senior non-commissioned officer.

United States Army

Sergeant First Class (SFC) is the seventh enlisted rank (E-7) in the U.S. Army. It is above Staff Sergeant and below Master Sergeant and First Sergeant. It is the first senior non-commissioned officer rank.

References

Other websites
 U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia - Criteria, Background, and Images 

Military ranks
USS Benicia was a screw sloop in the United States Navy during the late 19th century. She was named for Benicia, California.

History
Benicia was launched 18 August 1868 by Portsmouth Navy Yard as Algoma. She was renamed Benicia on 15 May 1869. It was commissioned 1 December 1869 with Commander S. Nicholson in command.

Between March 1870 and August 1872, Benicia served on the Asiatic Station. It took part in Rear Admiral John Rodgers' expedition to Korea (16 May-11 June 1871). During this period Ordinary Seaman John Andrews, Chief Quartermaster Patrick H. Grace and Private Michael McNamara, USMC, received the Medal of Honor.

Following repairs at Mare Island Navy Yard, Benicia joined the North Pacific Squadron 6 December 1872. She cruised in Mexican, Central American, and Hawaiian waters and arrived at San Francisco, California on 29 November 1874 carrying King Kalākaua of Hawaii and his suite.
Captain of the Mizzen Top Albert Weisbogel also received the Medal of Honor (his first award) for service on Benicia, in 1874.

Benicia made a cruise to Alaska (11 May-21 July 1875) and was decommissioned at Mare Island 29 November 1875. Benicia was sold 3 May 1884.

References

Other websites
US Navy Historical Center of USS Benica photographs 

Naval ships of the United States
Corporal Charles Brown (born 1849) received the United States's highest honor for bravery. It is called the Medal of Honor. Corporal Brown was a United States Marine. He was born in New York City. He enlisted in Hong Kong in 1870. The tracking number for his Medal of Honor is number 169. It is dated 8 February 1872. He received the medal for his actions while stationed aboard the USS Colorado.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:
On board the  in action against a Korean fort on 11 June 1871. Assisted in capturing the Korean standard in the center of the citadel of the fort.

Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients

Notes

References

United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
1849 births
Year of death unknown
People from New York City
Military people from New York (state)
John Coleman (October 9, 1846 – October 30, 1904) was a United States Marine. He received the United States military's highest decoration for bravery. It is called the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions during the Korean Expedition. He was Irish-born, and received the Medal for saving the life of Boatswain's Mate Alexander McKenzie while under enemy attack on the .  His death was the result of a electric tram car accident in San Diego, California.  He was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery in San Diego with a headstone depicting his Civil War service.  A new marker proudly displaying his the symbol of the Medal of Honor was placed in the Spring of 2018 courtesy of the Medal of Honor Historical Society of the United States.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation.

On board the U.S.S. Colorado in action at Korea on 11 June 1871. Fighting hand-to-hand with the enemy, Coleman succeeded in saving the life of Alexander McKenzie.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients

References
References

1847 births
1897 deaths
United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
James Dougherty (November 16, 1839 – November 25, 1897) was a U.S. Marine in the 1871 Korean Campaign. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition. He was serving as a private aboard . His Medal of Honor was issued on February 8, 1872. Private Dougherty was one of fifteen United States sailors and Marines who received the Medal of Honor for this little known American military action.

He is buried in Cypress Hills National Cemetery, Section 6, Grave 12374.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:

On board the  in various actions of that vessel. Wounded several times, Dougherty invariably returned to duty, presenting an example of constancy and devotion to the flag.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients

References
References

Note/Another James Dougherty
There may have been either two James Doughertys awarded the medal during the Korean Expedition. One served on board the Carondelet, while the other may have served on the . Alternatively, the medals may have been awarded to the same Marine.

The U.S.S. Carondelet does not appear to have served in Korea, raising the possibility that two James Doughertys received the Medal of Honor (on-line resources do not support this point) or that the citation for Private Dougherty's medal refers incorrectly to the U.S.S. Carondelet instead of to another ship (possibly the U.S.S. Benicia) involved in the Korean campaign.

1897 deaths
1839 births
United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
Ganghwa Island is an island in the beginning of the Han River. It is on the west coast of South Korea. Ganghwa Island is separated from Gimpo on the mainland by a narrow channel. The channel is connected by two bridges. The main channel of the Han River separates the island from Gaeseong in North Korea.

About 65,500 people live on the island. With an area of . It covers most of Ganghwa County, a division of Incheon Municipality. About half of the island's population lives in Ganghwa-eup, Ganghwa Town, in the northeastern part of the island. The island's highest point is Mani-san,  above sea level. The island measures  long and  wide, and is the 4th largest island in South Korea.

Historically, it is significant as being the location of separate and brief attacks. One was the French in 1866. Another was the United States in 1871 and the Japanese in 1875 when Korea was emerging from isolation.

Climate
Climate

Notes
 Lee (1976, p. 96).
 Lee (1976, p. 100).
 Lee (1976, p. 148).
 Lee (1976, p. 151).
 Lee (1976, p. 216).
 Lee (1976, p. 264); Nahm (1996, p. 148).
 Lee (1976, p. 268); Nahm (1996, p. 151).

References

Islands of South Korea
Selwyn College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was created in 1882. It is named after George Selwyn, who was an important bishop and also rowed for Cambridge in the first Boat Race. Today it has about 600 students. Selwyn usually does well in exams, but is also one of the poorest colleges.

At the beginning, the college was for Christian male students only. With time, this changed and women were allowed in 1976, which was quite early compared to other colleges. The college is on Grange Road. It is built in red brick and a Gothic Revival architecture style. The college has a Snowball every year. This is like a May Ball, which is a traditional party in Cambridge. Unlike May Balls though, it is in the winter, usually in December.

Some important people have studied here, like Hugh Laurie and Tom Hollander, both actors.

References

Other websites 

Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1882 establishments in England
Allison Joy Langer (born May 22, 1974) is an American TV and movie actress. She acted as Rayanne Graff in the drama show My So-Called Life. Langer also acted as Erica Warner in the TV show Private Practice. 

She was born in Columbus, Ohio. She moved to the San Fernando Valley with her family at age five.

References

American television actors
Actors from Ohio
1974 births
Living people
Sidney Sussex College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often just called Sidney by the students. It was created in 1596. It takes its name from Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex, who gave money to build it. Today it has about 550 students.

It is quite a small college, and it is found in the town centre of Cambridge. Because it is in quite a small area, it has changed little since it was first built. The buildings were made of red brick at the beginning, but then they were covered by cement. 

Many important people have studied here:
Oliver Cromwell, a military and political leader in Great Britain
Cecil Frank Powell, who won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, who won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics
John E. Walker, who won the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Alan MacDiarmid, who won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Carol Vorderman, a television presenter

Other websites 

Official website
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1596 establishments
1590s establishments in England
The sexagenary cycle (六十花甲 liùshí huājiǎ), also known as the "stems-and-branches" or "trunks-and-branches" (干支 gānzhī), is a traditional Chinese calendar system.  It is a list of sixty terms which are used for identifying days or years.

History
The oldest Chinese system for recording and organizing time uses repeated periods of 60 days. 

Ancient records show that the sexagenary cycle was used to count years in the 3rd century B.C.  

The repeating series of 60 terms has been an important part of historical calendar systems in East Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, Tibet and Vietnam.
Overview 
Each term in the sexagenary cycle is made up of two Chinese characters: 
 One character is taken from a list of "heavenly stems" or "trunks" (天干 tiāngān), including wood, fire, earth, metal and water.  
The other character is taken from a list of "earthly branches" (地支  dìzhī) or animal signs, including Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig.   
 The combinations make up a total of 60 different names for a period of time.

Heavenly stems

Earthly branches

Conversion tables
Tables show specific years in the context of a repeating sexagenary cycle.

1804–1923

1924–2043

Related pages
 Chinese Zodiac

References

Other websites
  "The Chinese sexagenary cycle and the ritual origins of the calendar" 
 "The Mathematics of the Chinese Calendar"

Calendars
Units of time
Francis Brown Wai (April 14, 1917 – October 20, 1944) was a captain in the United States Army. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the recapture of the Philippines from Japan in 1944.

When he was young Wai liked to surf and he played several sports in high school and college. He graduated from college with a degree in finance. Although he started planning to work with his father he joined the Hawaii National Guard. He was commissioned a lieutenant. Wai was sent with his unit to fight in World War II. He was killed during the U.S. amphibious assault on Leyte, Philippines.

He was initially presented the Distinguished Service Cross. It is the United States' second highest decoration for valor. After an extensive review of awards in 2000, his medal was upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
, Wai is the only Chinese American and the first Asian-American officer to receive the medal.
Early life
Wai was the child of a Native Hawaiian mother and a Chinese father. Growing up, he often surfed with Duke Kahanamoku regarded as the father of surfing. He also surfed with Buster Crabbe who later became an actor. He attended the Punahou School in Honolulu where he earned athletic letters in track, football and baseball. He went to college at the Sacramento Junior College before transferring to UCLA. At UCLA, he was a four sport athlete and graduated in 1939 with a bachelor's degree in Banking and Finance. He intended to work alongside his father in real estate and banking but instead joined the military upon the outbreak of World War II.
Military service and death
After his graduation from college Wai enlisted in the Hawaii National Guard. He was called to active duty before the United States' entrance into World War II. He received a commission as an officer and completed Officer Candidate School in 1941. His commission was rare at a time when few Asian-Americans were allowed to serve in combat leadership roles. He was eventually assigned to the 34th Infantry Regiment of the 24th Infantry Division with the rank of Captain. The 24th Division, based at Schofield Barracks, Oahu, was among the first American units to be involved in the Pacific Theater. They exchanged fire with Japanese aircraft during the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.
Operation Reckless
In May 1943 Captain Wai deployed to Australia with the 24th Infantry Division. By September 19, 1943 the unit was at Camp Caves, near Rockhampton. It is on the eastern coast of Australia. Wai and the rest of the unit began intensive combat training. With training completed, the division moved to Goodenough Island on January 31, 1944, to prepare for Operation Reckless. That was the name of the amphibious invasion of Hollandia, Netherlands New Guinea (now Jayapura, in the Papua province of Indonesia).

The 24th landed at Tanahmerah Bay on April 22, 1944. They seized the Hollandia Airdrome despite torrential rain and marshy terrain. Shortly after the Hollandia landing, the division's 34th Infantry Regiment moved to Biak. They went to reinforce the 41st Infantry Division. Wai's regiment captured the Sorido and Borokoe airdromes before returning to the division on Hollandia in July. In two months, Wai and his unit had crossed New Guinea and recaptured three airdromes from the Japanese.

Leyte
After occupying the Hollandia area, Wai was assigned to X Corps of the Sixth United States Army in preparation for the invasion of the Philippines. On October 20, 1944, his division was paired with the 1st Cavalry Division within X Corps. The two divisions made an assault landing at Leyte. When Captain Wai landed at Red Beach, the Japanese forces stationed on the island focused their fire on the waves of incoming troops. The Japanese fired from gun positions in a palm grove in the middle of submerged rice paddies. When Wai arrived on the beach in the fifth wave, he found the soldiers there to be leaderless, disorganized, and pinned down on the open beach. Assuming command, he moved through the rice paddies, without cover. His demeanor and example inspired the other men to follow him. Without thinking of his own personal safety, he moved forward without cover to draw Japanese machine gun and rifle fire. This allowed him to identify the locations of the entrenched Japanese forces
. Systematically, the Japanese positions were assaulted and overcome. Wai was killed leading an assault against the last Japanese pillbox in the area. For his actions during the landing on Leyte, Wai was posthumously presented the Distinguished Service Cross. After the war, his remains were interred at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Hawaii. His grave is in section Q, grave 1194.
Military awards and honors
In 1996 there were allegations of prejudicial treatment of Asian Americans in uniform in World War II. Congress directed Louis Caldera, then Secretary of the Army, to conduct a full review of military records. The review concluded that 22 Asian Americans, including Wai, did not receive full consideration for the Medal of Honor. In 2000 Wai's Distinguished Service Cross was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. Of those whose medals were upgraded, Wai was one of only two who did not belong to the predominantly Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team/100th Infantry Battalion; the other being Rudolph B. Davila of the 7th Infantry. At a White House ceremony June 20, 2000, President Bill Clinton presented the Medal of Honor to 22 Asian Americans whose Distinguished Service Crosses were upgraded to the Medal of Honor.

During the course of his short military career, Wai earned eight awards and decorations.
Medal of Honor citation
Citation:
Captain Francis B. Wai distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action, on 20 October 1944, in Leyte, Philippine Islands. Captain Wai landed at Red Beach, Leyte, in the face of accurate, concentrated enemy fire from gun positions advantageously located in a palm grove bounded by submerged rice paddies. Finding the first four waves of American soldiers leaderless, disorganized, and pinned down on the open beach, he immediately assumed command. Issuing clear and concise orders, and disregarding heavy enemy machine gun and rifle fire, he began to move inland through the rice paddies without cover. The men, inspired by his cool demeanor and heroic example, rose from their positions and followed him. During the advance, Captain Wai repeatedly determined the locations of enemy strong points by deliberately exposing himself to draw their fire. In leading an assault upon the last remaining Japanese pillbox in the area, he was killed by its occupants
. Captain Wai's courageous, aggressive leadership inspired the men, even after his death, to advance and destroy the enemy. His intrepid and determined efforts were largely responsible for the rapidity with which the initial beachhead was secured. Captain Wai's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army."
Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

Footnotes

References
Inline

General

Other websites
 

1917 births
1944 deaths
American people of World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Purple Heart recipients
People from Honolulu
Military people from Hawaii
Christopher Dennis Alexander Martin-Jenkins (January 20, 1945 – January 1, 2013) was an English sportcaster, historian, and journalist who broadcast Test Match Special on BBC Radio.

Martin-Jenkins was born on 20 January 1945 in Peterborough, England. He studied at Marlborough College and at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He had one son, Robin. Martin-Jenkins died on 1 January 2013 in Rudgwick, West Sussex from lymphoma after being diagnosed a year before, aged 67.

References

Other websites

BBC profile of CMJ
CMJ's 'Aggers & Johnners' moment. See also legover.
Debrett's People of Today

1945 births
2013 deaths
English historians
English journalists
Sportspeople from Northamptonshire
Writers from Northamptonshire
James Sebastian Faulkner (born July 18, 1948) or James Reed Faulkner is an English actor who is known for his roles in The Bank Job, Bridget Jones's Diary, Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London, and in Zulu Down.

Faulkner was born on July 18, 1948 in Hampstead, London, England. He is married to Kate Faulkner. They had two sons, Guy and Leo Faulkner. He now lives in London, England.

References

Other websites
The Official James Faulkner Website 

James Faulkner  at the CrystalAcids Anime Voice Actor Database

1948 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Luge is a Winter Olympics sport. It is similar to the bobsleigh, but faster and more dangerous. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, a Georgian athlete was killed in practice after several complaints that the track was too fast.

Winter Olympic sports
Winter sports
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; , also known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic as well as being unofficially known as Soviet Russia, the Russian Federation  or simply Russia) was an independent socialist state from 1917 to 1922. Afterwards it was the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991. When the Soviet Union broke up, the Russian SFSR became known as the country of Russia.

References

Republics of the Soviet Union
1917 establishments in Europe
1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Government of Russia
Illeana Douglas (born July 25, 1965) is an American actress. She has appeared in many movies and television programs. She was in the 1991 remake movie Cape Fear. She also acted in the television sitcom Ugly Betty. She also hosts many programs for Turner Classic Movies.

References

American movie actors
American television actors
1965 births
Living people
American stage actors
American voice actors
Movie directors from Massachusetts
Movie producers from Massachusetts
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
American television presenters
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Quincy, Massachusetts
Frederick Franklin (1840–1873) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the 1871 Korean Campaign.

Biography
Frederick H. Franklin was born in 1840 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. 

Along with Bosun's Mate Alexander MacKenzie, Marine Private John Coleman, Ordinary Seaman Samuel F. Rogers and fellow Quartermaster William Troy in the attempt to save the life of Lieutenant Hugh McKee. Mckee was mortally wounded in the action. Lieutenant McKee was not eligible for the medal as an officer. 

He is buried in Proprietors' Cemetery Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:

On board the U.S.S. Colorado during the attack and capture of the Korean forts on 11 June 1871. Assuming command of Company D, after Lt. McKee was wounded, Franklin handled the company with great credit until relieved.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients

References
References

1840 births
1873 deaths
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Military people from New Hampshire
General of the Armies John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948), was a general officer in the United States Army. He led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. Pershing is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army. The rank is known as General of the Armies. (a retroactive Congressional edict passed in 1976 promoted George Washington to the same rank but with higher seniority). Pershing holds the first United States officer service number (O-1). He was regarded as a mentor by the generation of American generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II. These include George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley, and George S. Patton.

Summary of service

Dates of rank

Assignment history
1882: Cadet, United States Military Academy
 1886: Troop L, Sixth Cavalry
 1891: Professor of Tactics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
 1895: 1st Lieutenant, 10th Cavalry Regiment
 1897: Instructor, United States Military Academy, West Point
 1898: Major of Volunteer Forces, Cuban Campaign, Spanish–American War
 1899: Officer-in-Charge, Office of Customs and Insular Affairs
 1900: Adjutant General, Department of Mindanao and Jolo, Philippines
 1901: Battalion Officer, 1st Cavalry and Intelligence Officer, 15th Cavalry (Philippines)
 1902: Officer-in-Charge, Camp Vicars, Philippines
 1904: Assistant Chief of Staff, Southwest Army Division, Oklahoma
 1905: Military attaché, U.S. Embassy, Tokyo, Japan
 1908: Military Advisor to American Embassy, France
 1909: Commander of Fort McKinley, Manila, and governor of Moro Province
 1914: Brigade Commander, 8th Army Brigade
 1916: Commanding General, Mexican Punitive Expedition
 1917: Commanding General for the formation of the National Army
1917: Commanding General, American Expeditionary Forces, Europe
 1921: Chief of Staff of the United States Army
 1924: Retired from active military service
 1925: Chief Commissioner assigned by the United States in the arbitration case for the provinces of Tacna and Arica between Peru and Chile.
References
Notes

Sources

Further reading
Richard Goldhurst, Pipe Clay and Drill: John J. Pershing, the classic American soldier, (Reader's Digest Press, 1977)
Gene Smith, Until the Last Trumpet Sounds: The Life of General of the Armies John J. Pershing (Wiley, New York, 1998) 
Donald Smythe, Guerrilla Warrior: The Early Life of John J. Pershing (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1973) 
Donald Smythe, Pershing: General of the Armies (Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1986) 
Frank E. Vandiver, Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing - Volume I (Texas A&M University Press, Third printing, 1977) 
Frank E. Vandiver, Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing - Volume II (Texas A&M University Press, Third printing, 1977)

Other websites
Other websites

Pershing Museum 
Biography of John J. Pershing
New York Times obituary
Black Jack Pershing in Cuba 
CHAPTER IV, General of the Armies John J. Pershing, State Funeral, 15-19 July 1948  in The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funeral, 1921-1969  by B. C. Mossman and M. W. Stark, United States Army Center of Military History

1860 births
1948 deaths
American generals
American military personnel of the Spanish-American War
American military personnel of World War I
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Military people from Missouri
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder derived from trauma, as all cluster B disorders are. It comes from extreme neglect and criticization in their childhoods, leading them to adapt to a certain survival instinct, and to shut down their emotions completely. People with NPD find it difficult to show empathy to others because of the lack of empathy they've been shown as children. They may have a sense of self-righteousness, and may defend themselves if they are in the wrong as a defense mechanism to past criticization. 

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) categorizes NPD as Cluster B personality disorder, with antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder.
Cluster B personality disorders are also known as “dramatic” personality disorders. Common to these is very emotional behavior which creates problems in relationships. Studies have found that up to 6.3% of the general population suffers from narcissistic personality disorder and it is more prevalent in men than it is in women.

History 
Before the introduction of narcissistic personality disorder, the term narcissism was used to explain a person's extreme self-love and self-admiration. The word narcissism comes from Greek mythology. A handsome young man named Narcissus saw his own reflection in a pool of water and fell in love with himself. Narcissus' love could not be returned back and therefore he became a flower, which was named after him. 

In 1925 Robert Waelder introduced the term narcissistic personality and by 1968 the term narcissistic personality disorder was used by Heinz Kohut.
Signs and traits 
In order to be diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder, The American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5 says that a person must show at least five of the following problematic behaviors:
Having a heightened sense of self-importance in order to isolate themselves to protect their mental well-being. People with NPD feel a lot of the time as though everyone is against them, and therefore feel like they're the only one they can truly trust.
 Have a deep-rooted belief that others are out to get them, and will selectively choose people who are on their side in order to feel safer around others. This is called an "equal". They consider these equals as on the same level as them, and trust & respect them.
 May require frequent admiration and affirmation in order to fill the lack of it in their childhoods.
 Have a strong sense of justice, and will often become aggressive if what they believe to be true or right in their eyes is gone against.
 May act in a manipulative manner unknowingly to persuade others, that is how they've been taught as children to get what they want.
 Struggles with empathizing with others.
 Envies anyone who they fear might be better than them.
It is important to note that there is a difference between narcissistic personality disorder and narcissistic traits. People with narcissistic personality traits show some of the behavior discussed above, but to a lesser degree than those with full-blown NPD.

Psychopathology
People with NPD act very confident as a façade. A lot of people with NPD have deep-rooted self esteem issues, due to the criticization they received in their childhoods. They often need admiration and support from others in order to feel confident in themselves, and they tend to rely on other people to give them confidence. They may be obsessed with fantasies of power in order to make up for the lack of control they had during their abuse in childhood. They consider themselves to be in the right a lot of the time, because they feel they cannot trust anyone else, and are very wary about who they let into their life. They do strive for connection with others, and bonding. They are not inherently manipulative people, unless they're significantly unhealed or do not realize some of their behaviors can be abusive
. In reality, these people can be very loving and attentive to their partners, as they don't want them to leave and strive to bond and make genuine connections with others, however, they tend to struggle with showing or expressing empathy to others, which makes it hard to connect. They may also struggle to maintain healthy relationships due to abandonment issues, and they become wary as the relationship goes on, insecurities fill their head, and they struggle to communicate their emotions with romantic partners. This can lead to misunderstandings, arguments, and problems during relationships. Due to a lot of the demonization on the internet and from therapists and community, a lot of people with NPD struggle asking for help, as a lot of the time they can be so deep into a mindset of survival they feel they do not need help, and that if they healed, or in their eyes, "became weaker", they may not be able to survive in the world
. Listening to people with NPD can help demolish this stigma that they are manipulative, so that more people with this trauma disorder can reach out for help, and not feel afraid.
According to the DSM-5 narcissistic characteristics are often seen in successful people, but an individual can be diagnosed with NPD only when these traits affect their every day life by making it harder.

People with NPD often also have additional psychological disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and substance abuse, as well as other disorders from the second cluster of personality disorders.

Types of NPD 
Narcissistic personality disorder can take many forms. These are the three general categories and their descriptions:

-       Overt narcissism: likely to be outgoing, arrogant, competitive, and struggle with empathy.

-       Covert narcissism: likely to express low self esteem, introversion, avoidance, and a tendency to victimize themselves.

-       Antagonistic narcissism: likely to try to assert power, disagreeability or proneness to arguing, and tendency to compete with others

source : https://psychcentral.com/health/types-of-narcissism
Causes 
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is the result of a mix of genetic and environmental factors. Studies have suggested that there is 45-80% heritability, meaning that these traits are passed on from a parent to a child, supporting the genetic cause of the disorder. However it is important to remember that what is inherited is not the disorder per se, but a genetic predisposition (genotype) to developing this or any other type of mental disorder. This is where nurture comes in, because it is the environment that the person is living in that activates (or does not activate) the genotype.  

A lot depends on the dynamics within the family. If the child is neglected or constantly criticized, they may develop narcissistic personality disorder as a way of compensating for the lack of love and attention. In all cases the child has suffered damage to their psyche that is called a narcissistic injury.
Finally, from a neurological view, studies have found that NPD is connected to a change in the brain, making it hard to express and control emotions such as empathy.

Treatment 
There is no strong evidence of treatment or managing options that work. However, as with many personality disorders, the most common and used option is psychotherapy and psychodynamic methods.These options seem to be the ones most likely to control narcissism. Mental conditions that often come with narcissistic personality disorder, such as depression or anxiety disorder can be treated, but there is no evidence that medicine can treat narcissistic symptoms.

References 

Cluster B personality disorders
Narcissism
Specialist (abbreviated "SPC") is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the U.S. Army. It is just above Private First Class and equivalent in pay grade to Corporal. Unlike Corporals, Specialists are not considered junior non-commissioned officers (NCOs).

Specialist

On 1 July 1955 four grades of Specialist were established. The first was Specialist Three (E-4). It is the only one that still exists. It was changed to Specialist Four in 1958. Specialist Two (E-5), Specialist One (E-6), and Master Specialist (E-7) were also created in 1955. These were all eventually replaced with other titles. In 1958 the DoD added two more pay grades. This gave enlisted soldiers more opportunities to progress to a full career. These were Specialist Eight (E-8) and Specialist Nine (E-9) which were abolished in 1968. All except SP4 were abolished in 1984 when SP4 was renamed as "Specialist" and abbreviated as "SPC".

References
References

Other websites
U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia - Criteria, Background, and Images 
The Short History of the Specialist Rank by Daniel K. Elder, CSM (Ret), USA

Military ranks
The 442nd Regimental Combat Team () of the United States Army was a regimental size fighting unit. It was composed almost entirely of American soldiers of Japanese descent. The 442nd RCT <https://encyclopedia.densho.org/442nd%20Regimental%20Combat%20Team>formed in April 1943 of volunteers, mostly from Hawaii and some from the mainland USA where many came from the internment camps, joined the 100th Infantry Battalion <https://encyclopedia.densho.org/100th%20Infantry%20Battalion> in Italy in May 1944. The combined units earned an extraordinary combat record in Europe, emerging as one of the most decorated units in American military history. The 442nd, beginning in 1944, fought primarily in Europe during World War II. The 442nd was a self-sufficient force. It fought with uncommon distinction in Italy, southern France, and Germany. The combined 100th/442nd is considered to be the most decorated infantry regiment in the history of the United States Army
. The combined unit was awarded eight Presidential Unit Citations and twenty-one of its members were awarded the Medal of Honor for World War II.<https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Congressional%20Medal%20of%20Honor%20recipients>
|url=http://www.defense.gov/specials/medalofhonor/
|title=Title unknown
|access-date=January 1, 2013
|archive-date=October 28, 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028212638/http://www.defense.gov/specials/medalofhonor/
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The 442nd Regimental Combat Team motto was, "Go for Broke".
References

References

Other websites

Official sites
  22 Asian Americans Inducted into Hall of Heroes  (pentagon.mil)
 The "Go for Broke" Regiment Lives Duty, Honor, Country (defenselink.mil)

Resources
 Asian-Nation: 442nd RCT Rescue of the Lost Battalion
 Go For Broke National Education Center 
  The 442nd Regimental Combat Team 
 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry
 Hawaii Star Bulletin article on Hawaii Statehood passage 
 "U.S. Samurais in Bruyeres" by Pierre Moulin
 The Story of the 442nd Combat Team compiled by members of the 442nd Combat Team, Mitsuye Yamada papers, Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, via Calisphere.
 "From a Quiet American, a Story of War and Remembrance". The New York Times. 16 August 2008.
 Medal of Honor recipient George Joe Sakato on Veterans Chronicles  produced by the
 Japanese American Veterans Collection , Archives & Manuscripts Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa Library
Media
 442-Live with Honor, Die with Dignity: Documentary Film 2010
 Valor with Honor: documentary film on the Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team 
 ONLY THE BRAVE Official Movie Site
 The Official Website for upcoming movie LITTLE IRON MEN about the 442nd's rescue of the Lost Battalion 
 A Path to Lunch Liberation Day and the Liberation of America, the 442nd in Lunigiana and Versilia.

Organizations
 Americans of Japanese Ancestry World War II Memorial Alliance 
 WWII Japanese American Veterans' Registry 
 442nd Regimental Combat Team Historical Society
 442nd World War II Reenactors 
 Go For Broke National Education Center

Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Rex Taylor Reed (born October 2, 1938) is an American movie critic, journalist, actor, and was the co-host for At the Movies. He worked for the New York Observer. He appeared as himself in the 1978 movie Superman.

Reed was born on October 2, 1938 in Fort Worth, Texas. He was raised in New York City, New York. He now lives in Manhattan, New York City, New York. He is good friends with Liz Smith.

References

Other websites
 Rex Reed's New York Observer movie review archive
 

1938 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television personalities
American journalists
American movie critics
Writers from Texas
Writers from New York City
Actors from Fort Worth, Texas
Actors from New York City
Joe Morgenstern (born October 3, 1932) is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic, historian, and journalist for the Wall Street Journal. He was born in Matamoras.

He was raised in New York City, New York. He studied at Lehigh University. He was married to Piper Laurie from 1962 until they divorced in 1982. They had one daughter. He now lives in New York City, New York.

References

Other websites
 Bio on Pulitzer Prize Site
 "Joe Morgenstern '53: Pulitzer winner is essayist at heart" from the Lehigh University Alumni Bulletin
 

1932 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
American movie critics
Writers from Pennsylvania
Writers from New York City
Pulitzer Prize winners
Vincent Canby (July 27, 1924 – October 15, 2000) was an American movie critic, historian, and journalist who is known for being the critic for The New York Times.

Canby was born on July 27, 1924 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in New York City, New York. He studied at Dartmouth College. He was never married. Canby died on October 15, 2000 in Manhattan, New York City, New York from cancer, aged 76.

References

Other websites
 Vincent Canby Reviews at The New York Times
 

1924 births
2000 deaths
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Journalists from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Writers from New York City
American military personnel of World War II
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
Jonathan Rosenbaum (born February 27, 1943) is an American movie critic, journalist, and historian. He worked for the Chicago Reader until his retirement in 2008 at age 65.

Rosenbaum was born on February 27, 1943 in Florence, Alabama. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at The Putney School and at Bard College. He was never married. He now lives in Chicago, Illinois.

References

Other websites
 Official Blog
 Chicago Reader: Jonathan Rosenbaum bibliography 
 Jonathan Rosenbaum's 1000 Essential Films 
 Interview with Rosenbaum on Orson Welles
 CineScene interview 
 Interview with: Jonathan Rosenbaum  on The Oxford American

1943 births
Living people
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Journalists from Chicago
Writers from Alabama
Writers from Chicago
People from Florence, Alabama
Jane Kaczmarek (born December 21, 1955, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American actress who acted as Lois in Malcolm in the Middle. She has acted on other television series, particularly sitcoms.

American television actors
Actors from Wisconsin
1955 births
Living people
Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler best known for wrestling with Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the WWF/WWE best known under the ring name Mike Awesome.

ECW
During his time with ECW, he won the ECW World Heavyweight Championship two times and the ECW World Tag Team Championship one time with Raven.
WCW
He joined WCW in 2000 and started his "Career Killer" gimmick when he threw Chris Kanyon off the top of the first level of a triple cage and he landed on the entrance ramp. His gimmick was somewhat changed and he started calling himself "The Fat Chick Thrilla" after his heavy women. He would later change his gimmick once again and was known as "That '70s Guy" Mike Awesome which was a reference to That '70s Show. As The '70s Guy, he would dress up in different 1970s inspired outfits and also hosted an interview segment called the "Lava Lamp Lounge". He also used to drive a bus which was painted like the bus in The Partridge Family into arenas for his entrance. He also feuded with Vampiro and Insane Clown Posse members Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope.
WWF/WWE
He became part of The Invasion storyline and debuted on WWE television when he attacked Rhyno with a metal pipe after Rhyno defeated Test for the Hardcore Championship. After he attacked Rhyno, he powerbombed him onto a ladder and pinned him to become Hardcore Champion because of the 24/7 rule. He become the first member of the Invaders to win a title in the WWF but he finally lost the title when he was pinned by Jeff Hardy on SmackDown!. He was later assigned to appear on WWE Velocity where he jobbed before being released on  September 27, 2002. He later said in the book, The Death of WCW, that "Being in the WWE (formerly the WWF) sucked. I hated it. You had to kiss everybody's ass... You had to be on your political toes all the time. You would not believe the backstage politics. You were getting stabbed in the back constantly. I was so happy when I was told I was gone [fired]."
He left the WWE and appeared on the independent circuit for five years before retiring from professional wresting in February 2006 to spend more time with his family.

Death
He was found hanged in his Tampa home by a group of his friends on February 17, 2007.

References

Other websites 

1965 births
2007 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Tampa, Florida
Suicides by hanging in the United States
Kenneth Turan (born October 27, 1946) is an American movie critic, journalist, historian, and radio personality. He has worked for the Los Angeles Times since 1991.

Turan was born on October 27, 1946 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Swarthmore College and at Columbia University. Turan is not married and has no children. He now lives in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
NPR biography
Turan's page at USC 

1946 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
American radio personalities
American movie critics
Writers from New York City
Writers from Los Angeles
Steven Rea or Steven X. Rea is a British-born American movie critic, journalist, historian, writer, and poet. He writes for the Philadelphia Inquirer.

Rea was born in London, England. He was raised in New York City. Rea studied at Stuyvesant High School, at San Francisco State University, and at the University of Iowa. He is married. He lives in Los Angeles, California and in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites
 On Movies, Rea's blog
 Previous website for On Movies blog

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American historians
American movie critics
American poets
Journalists from London
Journalists from New York City
Writers from London
Writers from New York City
Michael Phillips (born 1961) is an American movie critic, journalist, and historian who works as a critic for the Chicago Tribune. His influences include Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel.

Phillips was born in 1961 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He was raised in Racine, Wisconsin. He studied at the University of Minnesota. He now lives in Chicago, Illinois.

References

Other websites
 
 Michael Phillips at the Chicago Tribune

1961 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Writers from Wisconsin
Writers from Chicago
People from Kenosha, Wisconsin
People from Racine, Wisconsin
Ansbertus, Ansbert or Ausbert was a Frankish nobleman and politician. His wife, Billihild, claimed to be the daughter of Charibert I, Merovingian King of Paris, and granddaughter of Chlothar I Magnus. Ansbert was the father of Arnoald of Mez and grandfather of Doda of Mez.

Related pages 
 Pepin von Landen

6th-century births
6th-century deaths
Carolingian dynasty
European politicians
French autobiographers
Colin Covert is an American movie critic, historian, and journalist. He worked as a critic for the Minneapolis Star Tribune. In December 2018, Covert resigned from the Tribune after he was accused of plagiarism.

Covert was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He studied at Macalester College. He was raised in Minnesota. Covert now lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

References

Other websites
 Colin Covert at rottentomatoes.com 
 Colin Covert bio at startribune.com

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American journalists
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Writers from Minneapolis
Writers from Chicago
Writers from New Jersey
A curriculum (plural: curricula) is a program of study. It is used to plan teaching or training. It spells out the details so others can know what is going to happen:
what topics will be taught
in which order they will be taught
often, how much time will be spent on each topic
it is often linked to a timetable, and other details of an organisation where it will take place
it is often authorised by a public or private examination board, and used as the basis for setting exams

Today it usually means the courses, their content, and the  coursework offered at a school or university. Often, curricula are backed by some kind of theory, or by intending to change what was done before. Curricula may be backed by textbooks and by courses to train teachers. The study of curricula is part of most qualifications for teachers.
A similar word is syllabus, which means a summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or book or lecture. Another term is discipline, which in this sense means an academic subject-matter.

Historical development 
Historically, curricula have done more than act as a background for syllabi and examinations. They have discussed the basis of teaching by taking account of:
the psychology of children, especially younger children.
the needs of society, including the needs of employers.
the growth in knowledge, for example in science
the balance between education and training
the legal status of the education, for example whether the education is voluntary or mandatory
The four questions asked by Tylor in his introductory text are generally regarded as fundamental:
What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? 
How can learning experiences be selected which are useful in attaining these objectives? 
How can learning experiences be organized for effective instruction?
How can the effectiveness of learning experiences be evaluated?
Hidden curriculum 
A term sometimes used to describe what a critic thinks is really going on in an educational system. It means the unspoken beliefs and values of an institution, the implicit demands of behavour and respect. In a school subject-matter is taught, but much else is going on.

Related pages 
Trivium
Quadrivium
Subject (school)

References 

Education