Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
These are chosen to reflect Pakistani culture and beliefs and also the positive attributes often associated with Pakistani customs and traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history of the country respectively.

These national symbols are mostly the national things from and relating to Pakistan of which are mentioned and listed portrayed elegantly in great detail here:

Other Pakistani National and Official Symbols
{{Blockquote|"(Official name)   Islamic Republic of Pakistan".

The State Religion of Pakistan is Islam, which is practiced by 96.28% of the population. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Pakistani constitution, which established a fundamental right of Pakistani citizens, irrespective of their religion, to equal rights.Information on other countries: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf  The remaining 4% practice Hinduism, Christianity, Ahmadis, Sikhism, Baháʼí Faith and other religions.}}
1. They exemplify the rich cultural fibre that resides at the core of the country.

2. Infuse a deep sense of pride in the hearts of Pakistani citizens.

3. Represent a quality unique to Pakistan and its citizens.

4. Popularize the object chosen.

5. Help to preserve the chosen national symbol for generations to come.Here is the detailed information about the National symbols of Pakistan.''

Related pages
 Provincial symbols of Pakistan

Notes

References

Other websites
 The Government of Pakistan
 Jasmine: The National flower of Pakistan
 Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 
 Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs 

National symbols of Pakistan
The sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) is a dark-gray, stream-lined baleen whale that is found worldwide except in polar waters. It swims in small pods of 3-5 whales but larger groups may form at rich feeding grounds. It has very fine grey-black baleen that traps very small particles of food. It is a rorqual whale (a large baleen whale) that is similar to the Bryde's whales.

Description 
The Sei whale is also called the Sardine whale, the Pollack whale, the Coalfish whale, the Japan Finner, and Rudolphi's rorqual. Large numbers of these whales were hunted until recently for their oil and meat. It is the fastest of the great whales and can swim at about 23 mph (20 knots) in short bursts.

Diet 
Sei whales are carnivores that filter-feed plankton (tiny crustaceans like krill, copepods, etc.) and small fish from the water.

References

Baleen whales
Vithoba is a Hindu god worshipped mainly in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He is also known as Vitthala and Panduranga. He is generally considered a form of the Hindu god Vishnu or Krishna. In stone images and pictures, he is shown as a dark young boy. He stands on a brick with his hands on his waist. His wife Rukmini or Rakhumai stands with him.

Vithoba's main temple is at Pandharpur in Maharashtra. It is close to its border with Karnataka. Two Hindu sects, the Varkari sect of Maharashtra and Haridasa sect of Karnataka worship Vithoba as their main god. The Varkari poet-saints have written devotional poems called abhangas in praise of god Vithoba. The abhangas are written in the language Marathi. The Haridasa poets have also written poems, devoted to Vithoba in the Kannada language. The two most important festivals associated with Vithoba are Shayani Ekadashi in the Hindu month of Ashadha, and Prabodini Ekadashi in the Hindu month of Kartik.

Hindu gods and goddesses
Breadalbane () is a small village on the Lachlan River in New South Wales, Australia. It is near Goulburn in the Upper Lachlan Shire. This little town is also on the Hume Highway which links Sydney and Melbourne. The highway used to go through the small town but it was bypassed in the early 1990s. Breadalbane is also on the Sydney-Melbourne railway line.

Breadalbane is also near the start of the Federal Highway. This branches off the Hume Highway just south of Goulburn and goes to Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. Canberra is the capital city of Australia where the Federal Parliament sits.
History
Breadalbane is a historic town. There are now only a few houses. In the past there was a hotel, service station and a railway station. These are now closed, although the old hotel and service station buildings are still there. They are now used as private houses. The railway station opened in 1875 and closed in 1974. The signal box was still used until 1979. All trace of the station has been removed, although a loading bank is still standing.

There is a memorial at the school to people from Breadalbane who fought in World War II. It has 40 names on it.

References

Towns in New South Wales
A hydrofoil is a type of boat that can lift its hull out of the water with a pair of special wings underwater. These wings are like the wings of an airplane.

How it works 
When a hydrofoil moves quickly, its wings allow it to fly. When this happens the boat is said to be in foilborne. The result of flying means less of the boat is touching the water and can make the boat have less drag which allows it to move faster (drag slows a boat down).or special pontoons when going fast keep it out of the water.

Other websites 

 The International Hydrofoil Society
 Classic Fast Ferries Magazine
 Kawasaki Jetfoil 
 Rodriquez Cantieri Navali
 Soviet-made hydrofoils 
 Swiss experimental hydrofoils

Boats
Gundaroo is a small village in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the Yass Valley Shire.  It is built near the Yass River. Gundaroo is about 16 kms north of Sutton and about 15 km west of the Lake George range.  About 300 people live there.

History
The explorers Charles Throsby and Joseph Wild travelled through the Yass River valley in 1820.  The Aborigines called the valley Candariro which means blue crane. This name might be the meaning of the word Gundaroo.  Governor Lachlan Macquarie gave the first Europen settler, Peter Cooney, 30 acres in 1825.  Other farms were started quickly with about 400 people in the 1840s. The Harrow Inn (hotel) was built in 1834.  A post office was built in 1848 and an Anglican church, St Lukes in Upper Gundaroo (now part of a pottery business), in 1849. The first school opened in 1850 and a Police station in 1852.  When gold was discovered in the area in 1852 many more people came to the town.
Gundaroo has become a place where people who work in Canberra can live. It is a village for tourists from Canberra to visit because of its well cared for historic buildings.

References

Towns in New South Wales
John James "Jack" Adams (June 14, 1895 – May 1, 1968) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, coach and general manager in the National Hockey League and Pacific Coast Hockey Association. He was a Hall of Fame player during a 10 year professional career with Toronto, Vancouver and Ottawa. He is best known for his 36-year association with the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL as coach or general manager. He later became president of the Central Hockey League.

Awards & achievements
 Won Stanley Cup as Player 1918 Toronto, 1927 Ottawa
 Won Stanley Cup as Manager-Coach 1936-37-43 with Detroit
 Won Stanley Cup as Manager 1950-52-54-55 with Detroit
Named in his honour, the Jack Adams Award was introduced in 1974 and is awarded annually to the most outstanding coach in the NHL.
Lester Patrick Trophy in 1966.
Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959.
First All-Star Team Coach in 1937 & 1943.
Second All-Star Team Coach in 1945.

Related pages
List of NHL seasons
List of NHL players

References
References

Other websites
 

1895 births
1968 deaths
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey centres
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ottawa Senators (original) players
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Toronto Arenas players
Toronto St. Pats players
Almas Tower is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.  It is 363 meters (1,191 feet) tall and has 68 floors.  It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites

 Emporis.com - Almas Tower
SkycraperPage.com – Almas Tower

Skyscrapers in the United Arab Emirates
Buildings and structures in Dubai
2009 establishments in Asia
Establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Emirates Office Tower is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.  It is 355 meters (1,163 feet) tall and has 54 floors.  It was built in 2000 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Emirates Office Tower is next to the Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel, which is also one of the tallest buildings in the world at 309m (1,014ft).

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

References

Other websites

 Emporis.com - Emirates Office Tower
SkycraperPage.com – Emirates Office Tower

Skyscrapers in the United Arab Emirates
Buildings and structures in Dubai
2000 establishments in Asia
Establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.  It is 309 meters (1,014 feet) tall and has 56 floors.  It was built in 2000 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel is next to the Emirates Office Tower, which is also one of the tallest buildings in the world at 355m (1,163ft).

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Sources

Other websites

 Emporis.com - Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel
SkycraperPage.com – Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel

Skyscrapers in the United Arab Emirates
Hotels in the United Arab Emirates
Buildings and structures in Dubai
2000 establishments in Asia
Establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Jeremy Adduono (born August 4, 1978, in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger. He was drafted in the seventh round, 184th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.

References

1978 births
Bridgeport Sound Tigers players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Rochester Americans players
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
United States Hockey League players
Old College is a building in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. It is part of University of Edinburgh.

Other websites 
 University of Edinburgh
 Edinburgh Law School
 Talbot Rice Gallery

Buildings and structures in Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
Garage Inc. is a cover album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released in 1998.

It includes recorded cover versions of other artists' songs, all of their b-side covers released up to that point, and the entire The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited, which had gone out of print since its original release in 1987. The title is a combination of Garage Days Re-Revisited and their song Damage, Inc.  Over 5 million copies have been sold in the US as certified by the RIAA.
Reception 
Professional reviews:
Rolling Stone (12/10/99, p. 122) - 4 Stars (out of 5) -"Gloriously hard as the album is, you can't miss Metallica's good natured side coming through."
Entertainment Weekly (12/18/98, p. 84) - "We'll have to wait until Metallica's next `proper' album to find out if this trip to the garage recharges their batteries. Still, all things considered, Garage Inc. is an intermittently exhilarating joyride." - Rating: B-
CMJ (12/21/98, p. 29) - "Those who still relate to the adolescent angst of the 'Metallicats' earliest days will find plenty to like on Garage Inc."

Track listing

Disc one 
These tracks were recorded in September-October 1998 for the Garage Inc. album.

Disc two
These tracks are a collection of B-sides from artists Metallica were inspired by throughout the early years of the band.
Personnel 
James Hetfield – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Kirk Hammett – lead guitar
Jason Newsted – bass, backing vocals
Lars Ulrich – drums, percussion
Cliff Burton – bass on "Blitzkrieg" and "Am I Evil?"

References

Other websites 
Information about the album on the official website 

1998 albums
Heavy metal albums
Metallica albums
The Christmas 1994 nor'easter was a strong cyclone along the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada. It developed from an area of low pressure in the southeast Gulf of Mexico near the Florida Keys, and moved across the state of Florida.

Meteorological history
A weather system moved towards the southeast from the central Great Plains into the Deep South of the United States. After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the weather system became a cyclone. An approaching trough pushed the system across Florida. A forecaster at the National Hurricane Center, Jack Beven, said that "as it [the storm] moved out into the Bahamas, it appeared to take on the characteristics of a tropical storm." He also noted that because of the uncertainty, the National Hurricane Center did not call the weather system a tropical cyclone.
The cyclone was said to be a "hybrid" storm. The cyclone quickly gained strength in warm waters from the Gulf Stream, and because of cold air over the United States. The system continued to become stronger while moving within the Gulf Stream. The storm developed central atmospheric convection, which is unusual for a storm of its type. Extratropical cyclone. Also, the system developed an eye, which is usually seen in tropical cyclones. Even though the cyclone showed signs of a tropical storm, forecaster Jack Beven stated: "There was no front associated with it [the storm] and it had a warm core, but the radius of maximum winds was more than 150 nautical miles [175 mi, 280 km], so under the standard NHC criteria it didn’t qualify as a tropical storm." On December 23 and 24, the nor'easter intensified to attain a barometric pressure of 970|mb. Another low pressure system that developed behind the storm became stronger, and grew to be larger in size than the original storm
. Due to the Fujiwhara effect, the large circulation of the secondary low moved the original nor'easter towards the northwest. The nor'easter passed along the south shore of Long Island, and it made landfall near New York City on December 24. Later, it moved over southeastern New York State. On December 25, which is Christmas Day, the system began to lose strength as it moved towards Nova Scotia, before the pair of low pressure systems moved out to sea early on December 26.
Related pages
Storm
Weather
Christmas

References

1994 in New York (state)
1990s in Florida
Christmas
1994 disasters
Natural disasters in the United States
1990s in weather
The Wear is a river in northeast England. It starts in Wearhead, County Durham and opens up into the North Sea at Sunderland.

Industrial past 
Much of the River Wear shows the history of the Industrial Revolution. Its upper end runs through lead mining country, until this gives way to coal seams of the Durham coalfield for the rest of its length. As a result of limestone quarrying, lead mining and coal mining, the Wear valley was amongst the first places to see the development of railways. The Weardale Railway continues to run occasional services between Stanhope and Wolsingham.

Geology 
The upland area of Upper Weardale has a flora which survives from the end of the last Ice Age. After the Ice Age, the Wear valley became thickly forested. During the Neolithic period and increasingly in the Bronze Age, the forests were progressively cleared for agriculture.
References 
 Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971, "British Regional Geology: Northern England" Fourth Edition, HMSO, London.
 Johnson, G.A.L. & Hickling, G. (eds.), 1972, "Geology of Durham County", Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne, Vol.41, No.1.
 'Wear River', "Encyclopaedia Britannica", 17th Edition, 1990.

Rivers of England
North East England
The Tees is a river in England. It starts in Cross Fell (a mountain) in the Pennines, and opens up into the North Sea. It forms a border between North Yorkshire and County Durham and also between the towns of Hartlepool and Redcar. It is also 85 miles or 137 kilometres long. High force waterfalls is 7 feet high. The Pennines Way was opened in 1965.

Rivers of England
North Yorkshire
County Durham
Rutland Boughton  (born Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire 23 January 1878; died London, 25 January, 1960) was an English composer.  He was well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. 

Boughton studied with Charles Villiers Stanford and Walford Davies.  He wrote many different kinds of music including symphonies, concertos, part-songs, songs, chamber music and opera.  His best known work was the opera The Immortal Hour. His carol Bethlehem (1915) became very popular in England and in many other countries.

He was a great admirer of the composer Richard Wagner who had built his own theatre, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, in the German town of Bayreuth.  Boughton wanted to create an "English Bayreuth" at Glastonbury, so he started the series of Glastonbury Festivals that took place from 1914 until 1926. From 1927 until his death in 1960, he lived at Kilcot near Newent, Gloucestershire.

Other websites 
 The Rutland Boughton Music Trust
English composers
Romantic composers
1878 births
1960 deaths
The Bayreuth Festspielhaus (Bayreuth Festival Theatre) is an opera house in the town of Bayreuth, Germany. The German opera composer Richard Wagner got the opera house built so that his own music could be performed properly. He had lots of ideas about how opera should be performed, and he thought that there was no opera house in Germany that was good enough for performances of his operas. Today it is still the place where every year there is a festival, the Bayreuth Festival, which is dedicated only to the operas of Richard Wagner.

King Ludwig II of Bavaria was a great admirer of Richard Wagner and he gave a lot of money for the opera house to be built. Wagner watched the construction all the time and made sure that everything was built in the way he wanted. Work on the building started on 22 May 1872 (Wagner's birthday), and it was ready four years later when, for the first time, all four operas which make up the cycle called Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), were performed.
The opera house is big enough for an audience of 1,925. One unusual thing is the orchestra pit, which is right under the stage, covered by a hood, so that the orchestra cannot be seen at all by the audience. Wagner wanted the audience to be able to concentrate properly on the action on the stage instead of being distracted by watching the orchestra. It makes it very difficult for the orchestra and the singers to be together, and conductors have to get used to the problem.

The Festspielhaus also has a double proscenium, which makes it look as if the stage is farther away than it actually is.

Bayreuth
Buildings and structures in Bavaria
Opera houses in Germany
Kilmalcolm is a town in Inverclyde, Scotland, UK.  The village has a population of around 4,000 people.

Towns in Inverclyde
Port Glasgow is a town in Inverclyde, Scotland, UK.

Newark Castle stands very close to the shore of the Clyde. The castle dates to around 1484. It is now a visitor attraction maintained by Historic Scotland. Several acres of the Clyde foreshore at Parklea are owned by the National Trust for Scotland. Coronation Park is in the town centre. The park was opened on the site of the West Harbour in 1937 to celebrate the coronation of King George VI.

Towns in Inverclyde
Largs is a town in North Ayrshire, Scotland, UK. It is about  from Glasgow. The original name means "the slopes" (An Leargaidh) in Scottish Gaelic. 

Towns in North Ayrshire
Dunoon is a town in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK.

Towns in Argyll and Bute
Falkland is a town in Fife, Scotland, UK.

Falkland Palace is in the town. James IV started building it in 1500. It is the best example of French-influenced Renaissance architecture in the United Kingdom. Mary, Queen of Scots came to visit often.

A fire happened when Oliver Cromwell's troops stayed in the palace. The fire in 1654 destroyed the East Range. The Court never came back to Falkland Palace after 1665.  In the late 19th century rebuilding and restoration work began.  Today the palace and gardens are open to the public through the National Trust for Scotland.

References

Towns in Fife
Saving Abel is an American rock band. It formed in 2004 in Mississippi. Saving Abel makes records for Virgin Records. The band made a studio album in 2006 called Saving Abel and released a later self-titled album (Saving Abel). The rock band is famous for two songs, Addicted and 18 Days.

Members
 Jared Weeks - lead vocals
 Jason Null - lead guitar, backing vocals
 Scott Bartlett - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 Eric Taylor - bass guitar, backing vocals
 Mike McManus - drums

Discography

Albums
 Saving Abel (2008)
 Miss America (2010)
 Bringing Down the Giant (2012)
 Blood Stained Revolution (2014)

Singles
 2008 - Addicted (from the album Saving Abel)
 2008 - 18 Days (from the album Saving Abel)

Other websites

Official website
Official myspace

American hard rock bands
American rock bands
Post-grunge bands
southern rock bands
Musical groups from Mississippi
Carl Reinecke (born Altona, Hamburg 23 June 1824; died Leipzig, 10 March 1910) was a Danish-born composer, conductor, and pianist.

Reinecke was born near Hamburg, which was part of Denmark at the time. Carl learned music from his father. He was soon playing the piano in public and was composing by the age of twelve.

When he was 19 he travelled about giving concerts. He went as far east as Riga. In 1846 he became Court Pianist for King Christian VIII in Copenhagen. He stayed there until 1848, composing four piano concertos as well as concertos for violin, cello, harp and flute. He continued to travel, including to Leipzig where he met Schumann, Mendelssohn and Liszt. 

In 1851 he became a professor at the Cologne Conservatory. Later he had conducting jobs in Barmen and Breslau.
In 1860, Reinecke was made director of the famous Gewandhaus Orchestra concerts in Leipzig, and professor of composition and piano at the Conservatorium. He became director of the Conservatorium and made it one of the best in Europe. He conducted the Gewandhaus Orchestra for 35 years and raised the standard of their playing. He conducted many first performances, including the first complete performance of Brahms's German Requiem (1869).

Perhaps his best-known piece is the flute sonata "Undine". He taught many famous musicians, including Edvard Grieg, Christian Sinding, Leoš Janáček, Isaac Albéniz, Johan Svendsen, Felix Weingartner and Max Bruch. 

At the age of 80, Reinecke recorded his playing on piano roll, making him the earliest-born pianist to have his playing recorded in any way.

He retired in 1902, but continued to compose until the end of his life. 

1824 births
1910 deaths
20th-century German composers
German conductors
Romantic composers
On March 11, 2008, the rock band Saving Abel released their hit studio album called Saving Abel (the second self-titled album). A song in this particular album is featured on Saving Abel's previous studio album called 18 Days. There are two major singles on this album called "Addicted" and "18 Days". The album has 11 studio tracks on it, and 2 original B-Sides. The album was produced by producer Skidd Mills. The album's songs have some of the songs featured on it from the previous self-titled studio album like "18 Days", "Drowning (Face Down)", "Running Away from You", and "Beautiful You".

Track listing
 "New Tattoo"
 "Addicted"
 "She Got Over Me"
 "18 Days"
 "Drowning [Face Down]"
 "In God's Eyes!"
 "Sailed Away"
 "Beautiful Day"
 "Out Of My Face"
 "Running From You"
 "Beautiful You"

Bonus tracks
 "Goodbye, So Long"
 "After All"

2008 albums
"18 Days" is the second single off the 2008 album by Saving Abel called Saving Abel. The song is also on the previous self-titled album by Saving Abel. The song was released in late 2008 when it took major airplay.

Charts
"18 Days" by Saving Abel reached 14 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks. The single also peaked at #8 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.

2008 songs
Dagenham is an area of London, United Kingdom.  It has been a part of Greater London since 1965.  There are mostly places for people to live and few businesses.

London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
Grays is a town in Essex, England, UK.  It is sometimes called Grays Thurrock. 

The town is about 20 miles (32 km) to the east of London.  It is on the north bank of the River Thames, and near the M25 motorway.

Another Grays is a hamlet within the civil parish of Chislet, near Canterbury, Kent. It is to the south of the A299 road and on the North Stream, a tributary of the River Wantsum. The hamlet has a small collection of houses (Little Grays) and the moated Grays Farm. On the A299 is the large public house named the Roman Galley.

References

Towns in Essex
Carcoar is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the Blayney Shire. In 2006, 218 people lived in Carcoar. It next to the Mid-Western Highway,  west of Sydney and  south west of Bathurst. It is  above sea-level. Carcoar is in a small green valley, with the town on both sides of the Belubula River.

Carcoar was once one of the most important government centres in Western New South Wales. The town has been classified by the National Trust. This is because it has a lot of buildings from the 1800s. Carcoar is a Aboriginal word from the Gundungura people meaning either frog or kookaburra.

Nearby towns are Blayney, Millthorpe, Mandurama, Neville, Lyndhurst and Barry.

History

Settlers
The first people to live in the area were the Gundungura people. The first Europen to travel through the area was surveyor George Evans. He came from Bathurst in 1815 and set up his camp on Coombing Creek.
The first settlers arrived in 1821. The first official land grant, 560 acres (2.3 km²), was given to Thomas Icely on 26 May 1829. He named his farm Coombing Park. In 1838 Thomas Icely asked that a village be started to supply items for his big farm. On 29 September 1839 Carcoar became the third town west of the Blue Mountains.

The first land for houses in the town were sold in 1840. By 1850 Carcoar was the second biggest town west of the mountains. It was second in size to Bathurst. It became a banking and government centre for the area.  In 1857 the town's public school opened.  It is one of the oldest schools in Australia.

When gold was found in the west in the 1860s, Carcoar became less important. The government began building a number of important buildings in the late 1870s. At this time, Coombing Park was supplying iron ore to the Lithgow steelworks.
Railways
Because the town is at the bottom of a steep valley it wasn't suitable for the railway. The railway line went to Blayney  north west in 1874. By the early 1880s many people had left the town. Carcoar was joined to the railway line in 1888 when the Blayney-Demondrille Line.

In the 1980s train services were stopped between Cowra and Blayney. This included included Carcoar. This section was re-opened by the Lachlan Valley Railway. The LVR run tourist trains, mainly from Cowra to Blayney and Canowindra. They have now moved into general freight haulage.

Convicts and bushrangers
Carcoar's  was often visited by escaped convicts and bushrangers. They came into the town and robbed many times.
In one robbery, German Charley tried to stop Mickey Bourke from stealing a racehorse from the Coombing Park stables. He was shot dead by Bourke. Another bushranger, Curran was captured by the local police. The government sent extra police and a magistrate to the town. Frank Gardiner was working in the area after six years gaol for stealing horses. He gave up farm work and started stealing cattle.

In 1863 Johnny Gilbert and John O'Meally tried to rob the Commercial Bank. This may be Australia's first daylight bank robbery. Both bushrangers ran away when a bank worker fired a shot into the ceiling of the bank.

The Presbyterian Reverend James Adam was held up by Ben Hall. Hall liked the Adam and didn't rob him.

Movies and television
The town has been used as a location for many movie and television productions. They include:
 Jessica (starring Sam Neill)
 Let the Balloon Go
 Brides of Christ 
 Tommy the Kid.

References

Other websites
Other websites

National Trust of Australia
Firearms Tech Museum
Lachlan Valley Railway
Tommy the Kid - Australian Short Film
Gravesend is a town in Kent, England, UK. It is on the bank of the river Thames. One of the most famous landmarks in Gravesend is the Clock Tower, a scaled replica of Elizabeth Tower, the tower that houses Big Ben in the Palace of Westminster. 

Gemma Arterton was born and raised in Gravesend. Some people say Pocahontas is buried there, however there is no proof of this.
The Bach Choir is a world-famous amateur choir based in London. They sing the music of many composers, not just Johann Sebastian Bach.

History
The Bach Choir gave its first concert on 26 April 1876 with a performance of Bach’s Mass in B minor. At this time more and more people in England were becoming interested in the music of Bach, but the Mass in B minor had never been performed in England. The conductor Otto Goldschmidt conducted the concert, and afterwards the Choir's committee decided to make The Bach Choir a permanent choir. Otto Goldschmidt was appointed as the Musical Director.

In those days all choir members came from rich families (the upper classes). New members had to pass an audition, but they also had to be “proposed” (recommended) by existing members and accepted by the committee. Queen Victoria became Patron of the choir in 1879. The Choir sang music by lots of different composers as well as Bach’s motets, church music and the Mass in B minor.
Goldschmidt resigned in 1885 and Charles Villiers Stanford became conductor. Stanford had already become well known as organist of Trinity College, Cambridge and conductor of the Cambridge University Musical Society. He widened the repertoire of the Choir, and the concerts also included works for orchestra. Hubert Parry composed his popular anthem Blest Pair of Sirens for the choir to sing at the Golden Jubilee of the Queen in 1887. The Jubilee concert also included the first London performance of Berlioz's Te Deum, a work dedicated to the late Prince Consort.

20th century

Towards the end of the nineteenth century changes were made, including regular auditions for existing choir members, and stopping the requirement for new members to be proposed. Henry Walford Davies became the conductor. He improved the choir which was then taken over by Hugh Allen in 1908.
Hugh Allen found himself conducting a choir which included the young Ralph Vaughan Williams, who had joined in 1903 and Adrian Boult, who joined around 1914. Allen was strict, but good, and during his time as conductor the Choir gave many important first London performances including Vaughan Williams' Toward the Unknown Region and A Sea Symphony and Parry's Songs of Farewell. 

When Allen resigned in 1921 his place was taken by Ralph Vaughan Williams who had by then become a famous composer. He had a gentler approach than Allen. He stayed until 1928 when he left to be able to work more on composition. In his place the Choir appointed Gustav Holst, but he became ill and was never able to take up his post. Instead, Adrian Boult took over for three years. During his time it became tradition to perform Bach’s St Matthew Passion every year. This tradition continues today.
Boult was replaced by Reginald Jacques (pronounced: “Jakes”), who had been a pupil of Hugh Allen at Oxford. Jacques stayed until 1960. He managed to keep the Choir going through World War II, and the annual Carol Concerts became part of their tradition. They made a recording of the St Matthew Passion which filled 42 sides of the old 78 rpm. gramophone records.

Jacques was followed by David Willcocks who led the Choir almost to the end of the century. He broadened the Choir’s repertoire, and they gave the first London concert hall performance of Britten's War Requiem, conducted by Britten himself, with Galina Vishnevskaya, Peter Pears and Tom Krause (who replaced Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau at the last minute) as soloists. The Choir then recorded the work and this recording sold more than 200,000 copies in the first five months. Willcocks took the Choir on tours to many parts of the world. His last performance was in 1998.

The Choir today
The Choir today

Today the Choir is conducted by David Hill. As well as spending much of his time with The Bach Choir, he is also conductor of the BBC Singers. The choir continues to do new things, such as giving world premieres of new music, as well as keeping up the tradition of performing the St Matthew Passion every spring at the Royal Festival Hall.

References 

Basil Keen: The Bach Choir - The First Hundred Years (Ashgate)

Other websites 
 The Bach Choir Website

Choirs
Oban is a town in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.uk    

Towns in Argyll and Bute
Argyll and Bute is a council area of Scotland, UK, is one of 32 unitary authority council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area. The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead.

Argyll and Bute covers the second-largest administrative area of any Scottish council. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire. Its border runs through Loch Lomond.

The present council area was created in 1996, when it was carved out of the Strathclyde region, which was a two-tier local government region of 19 districts, created in 1975. Argyll and Bute merged the existing Argyll and Bute district and one ward of the Dumbarton district. The Dumbarton ward, called 'Helensburgh and Lomond', included the burgh of Helensburgh and consisted of an area to the west of Loch Lomond, north of the Firth of Clyde and mostly east of Loch Long.
Halesowen is a town in West Midlands of England. Historically, it is part of Worcestershire. The population of the town in the 2001 census was 55,273.

The centre of Halesowen has a Norman church, St John's Church. It was built in 1083 on the site of an Anglo-Saxon church. It was founded by Earl Rodger de Montgomery. The building of the spire at St John's Church started at the end of the 1st century and is shows evidence of Norman origin even though there have been many alterations to it.

References

Towns in the West Midlands (county)
The King of Fighters is a fighting game released by SNK for the Neo Geo arcade and home consoles. It is the first game of The King of Fighters series, done by the same company.

The game is a fictional crossover with many characters from SNK's previous fighting games, Fatal Fury and Art of Fighting. There are even modernized versions of their pre-Neo Geo games: Ikari Warriors and Psycho Soldier. There are also original characters in this series.

The game was  converted for Neo Geo AES and Neo Geo CD after the releases for Arcade. In 2004, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the series, SNK released a remake titled The King of Fighters '94 Rebout, featuring the original game and a newer version with high definition graphics.

References 

1994 video games
Arcade games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Vita games
Video game series
Virtual Console games
Fighting games
PlayStation Network games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Android (operating system) games
Nintendo Switch games
102 Dalmatians (known as 102 in Japan) is a 2000 live-action movie produced by The Walt Disney Company with Glenn Close acting as the protagonist, Cruella de Vil. It is a sequel to the 1996 movie 101 Dalmatians, which was a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated movie 101 Dalmatians. In the movie, Cruella de Vil attempts to steal puppies for her making a fur coat. Glenn Close and Tim McInnerny were the only actors from 101 Dalmatians to return for this sequel. The film was released on VHS and DVD on April 3, 2001, and re-released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on September 16, 2008.

The story 
After a spot of therapy Cruella De Vil is released from prison a changed woman. Devoted to dogs and good causes, she is delighted that Chloe, her parole officer, has a dalmatian family and connections with a dog charity. But the sound of Big Ben can reverse the treatment so it is only a matter of time before Ms De Vil is back to her incredibly ghastly ways, using her new-found connections with Chloe and friends.

Cast
Cast

Box office 
The movie did well at the box office, earning $66,957,026 in the US and $116,654,745 in other countries, bringing its total to $183,611,771 worldwide. This is less than the first movie which earned $320,689,294 worldwide.

Sets 
 The Oxford prison was used for the scene as Cruella walked out of prison. This motion picture was filmed partially in Paris.

Video game 
A video game based on the movie was released, with Frankie Muniz as the voice of Domino.

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 
 
 

2000 comedy movies
Disney movies
2000s English-language movies
American sequel movies
101 Dalmatians
Movies about dogs
American comedy movies
102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue is a video game based on the live-action Disney movie 102 Dalmatians. It was made for the Sony PlayStation.

Voice cast 
 Susan Blakeslee as Cruella de Vil
 Molly Marlette as Oddball
 Frankie Muniz as Domino
 Barbara Dirikson as Dottie
 Jeff Bennett as Dipstick and Jasper
 Eric Idle as Waddlesworth
 Nancy Cartwright as Fidget
 Eddie Izzard as Sgt. Tibs
 Tress MacNeille as Ivana
 Rob Paulsen as Fluffy
 Maurice LaMarche as Horace
The game itself does not follow the movie's storyline. The player can choose the role of two of the dalmatians, Oddball or Domino, who are out on the town looking for treasure. It's not long before the player realizes that a toy found buried in a park was made at one of Cruella de Vil's toy factories; the fact that her toys are being buried rather than being played with is making mean Cruella very upset. Facing financial ruin from lack of sales, Cruella sets an evil plan in motion - to reprogram her toys to capture any Dalmatian puppies in sight. Soon enough, Domino and Oddball are out on their biggest adventure yet - to save their brothers and sisters. The player needs to save their brothers and sisters, collect 100 bones and stop Cruella's henchmen. Player's health can be increased by picking up food. The player fights Cruella a few times, then off to the Toy Factory where Cruella is waiting for them. The game includes several challenging levels, from the sewers to the circus
. The player befriends many other characters that help them along the way. At times the player has to take a challenge to fight Cruella in certain levels as well as other enemies such as Jasper or Horace.
Levels 
 Regent's Park
-You find Jasper in this level.
 Toy Store
 Picadilly
-Horace is found in this level.
 Big Ben
1. Cruella I
-Defeat Cruella to unlock the mini game "Tilt Maze".
 Royal Museum
-Le Pelt will be found inside the Pyramid in the Egyptian exhibit.
 The Underground
 Carnival
-Jasper will be found here. When you find the dunk tank after talking to the turtle Shelby, he will appear.
 Lumber Mill
2. Cruella II
-Defeat Cruella to unlock the mini game "Checkers".
 Countryside
-Horace will show up near Stonehenge.
 Barnyard
 Ice Festival
-Jasper shows up for the 3rd time in this level.
 Medieval Castle
3. Cruella III
-Defeat Cruella and you will unlock the mini game "Ice Race".
 Spooky Forest
-Le Pelt shows up again in this level.
 Hedge Maze
 De Vil Mansion
-Horace appears in this level.
 Toy Factory
4. Cruella IV
-Defeat Cruella and you will win the game as well as unlocking the mini game "Jam Dance."
Cruella's Toys 
 Jack-in-the-Box: This toy is the very first toy you'll come across in the game (found in the first level). When they pop up, they say "Hello." Get too close to them and they'll say "I've got an idea" before lashing out at you.

References 

Game Boy Color games
PlayStation games
Dreamcast games
Video games based on movies
Cruella De Vil (obviously a play on cruel and devil) is the villain in the Dodie Smith book The Hundred and One Dalmatians who kidnaps (dognaps) the puppies for their fur.  She is described as having one half of her hair white and the other half black, an extreme fondness for pepper and a preference for elevated temperatures.

In the 1961 Disney animated movie her voice was played by Betty Lou Gerson. The movie featured a song about her sung by Roger whose lyrics begin:

Cruella De Vil, Cruella De Vil, If she doesn't scare you, no evil thing will.
Later, in the 1996 live-action remake, and its 2000 sequel, 102 Dalmatians, she was played by Glenn Close. In the 2021 Disney movie Cruella, the character is played by American actress Emma Stone. Shortly afterward, Cruella was a regular viallian in 101 Dalmatians: The Series, where she was voiced by April Winchell. This time, though, she wanted to steal the Dearly Farm, seeing how killing animals for fashion was deemed politically incorrect. However, she returned to hunting dogs in House of Mouse (which features an ongoing joke in which she inspects dogs from other Disney movies with a measuring ruler) and 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure, both of which had Susanne Blakeslee as her voice.

Characters in written fiction
101 Dalmatians is a movie made by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. It is a remake of the 1961 animated movie 101 Dalmatians (which was based on Dodie Smith's 1956 novel The 00 and 1 Dalmatians). The movie's main actor is Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil. Unlike in the earlier versions of the story, the dalmatians are played by real dalmatian actors, and none of the dalmatians talk. A sequel, 102 Dalmatians, was made in 2000 and was released in November. This movie is called simply 101 in Japan, like its sequel, which is called 102.
Cast 
 Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil
 Jeff Daniels as Roger Dearly
 Joely Richardson as Anita Campbell-Green-Dearly
 Joan Plowright as Nanny
 Hugh Laurie as Jasper
 Mark Williams as Horace
 John Shrapnel as Skinner
 Tom Juddy as Pongo (speaking)
 Julie Moorthie as Perdita (speaking)
 Billy Neltane as Lucky
 Michael Bantel as Kipper
 Craig DeSeve as Sergeant Tibbs
 Giselle Neith as Cow
 Henry Banvali as Pig
 Phil LaHerr as The Captain
 Tim Jarry and Bob Maltz as 2 Goat
 Mike Walker as Raccoon
 J. Nee as Horse
 Elsa DeHeper as Skunk
 Noah Judas as Bird
 Henry Oldman as Dog
 Nina DeSeve as 2 Cow
 Kiara Gimmy as Sheep
 Diego Clancy as Fidget

Release 
101 Dalmatians was released on VHS on April 15, 1997 and as a DVD on December 12, 2000. Because many people bought the DVD, Disney re-released the film on September 16, 2008 in the United States.
Box office 
The movie made lots of money when it was in movie theatres, earning $136,189,294 in the United States and $184,500,000 in other places, bringing its worldwide total to $320,689,294.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

1996 comedy movies
1996 adventure movies
1990s American adventure movies
American comedy movies
Disney movie remakes
1990s English-language movies
101 Dalmatians
Movies about dogs
Movies based on books
Movies composed by Michael Kamen
Movies directed by Stephen Herek
Movies set in London
The African wildcats (Felis silvestris lybica) are small, fierce cats that live in forests, grasslands, and brush lands in Africa and the Middle East. They are the closest living relatives of the domestic cat.

It is a wildcat subspecies which occurs across northern Africa and extends around the edges of the Arabian Peninsula to the Caspian Sea. It is the most common and widely distributed wild cat, and is listed as Least Concern by IUCN since 2002.

The African wildcat appears to have diverged from the other subspecies about 131,000 years ago. Some individual African wildcats were first domesticated about 10,000 years ago in the Middle East, and are the ancestors of the domestic cat. Remains of domesticated cats were found in human burials in Cyprus, done by Neolithic farmers about 9,500 years ago. Hybrids between domestic cats and African wildcats are still common today.
Description 
African wildcats are generally crepuscular, hunting at dawn and dusk. They are diurnal (most active during the day) during very cold weather. They are very good climbers. African Wildcats live for 12 to 15 years. They are about 50 percent larger than domesticated (tame) cats.

Diet 
African wildcats are carnivores, like all cats. These fast, solitary hunters eat small to medium-sized mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, invertebrates, and eggs.

References 

Felines
Mammals of Africa
Mammals of Asia
A gale is a very strong wind. The Beaufort scale is a way to measure weather conditions. It is based on observations. The first level of the scale that uses the word gale is 7 beaufort (of a total of 13 steps). There are other definitions as well. The U.S. Government's National Weather Service defines a gale as 34 to 47 knots (63 km/h to 87 km/h or 39 miles per hour to 54 miles per hour) of sustained surface winds. Forecasters usually issue gale warnings when they think there will be winds of this strength.

Other sources use speeds as low as  and as high as . The  definition is rare. A common alternative definition of the maximum is .

Related pages
Beaufort scale

References 

Winds
Marin Marais (31 May 1656, Paris – 15 August 1728, Paris) was a French composer and viol player. He is regarded as one of the great French musicians of the Baroque.

Marais, the son of a poor shoe maker, was educated in a choir school were he was taught to play the viol. He then learnt from Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, a famous bass viol player. In six months he was said to be better than his teacher. In 1675, aged 19, he joined the orchestra of the Paris Opera. This was where he met Jean-Baptiste Lully, who was the director of the Opera. Lully taught him to compose music. Marais often conducted the operas Lully had written.

Marais was hired as a musician in 1676 to play at the royal court of Versailles. He did quite well as court musician. In 1679 he was appointed "ordinaire de la chambre du roy pour la viole", a title he kept until 1725.
He was a master of the basse de viol. He wrote a lot of music for that instrument, he was the most important French composer for it. He wrote five books of Pièces de viole (1686-1725). Most of the pieces in the book are suites with basso continuo. These were quite popular in the court, and for these he was remembered in later years as he who "founded and firmly established the empire of the viol" (Hubert Le Blanc, 1740). His other works include a book of Pièces en trio (1692) and four operas (1693-1709). Alcyone (1706) is well known for its storm scene. Marais became the conductor of the Paris Opera in 1706, but after the failure of his 1709 opera, Sémélé he gradually withdrew from public life. He married Catherine d'Amicourt, on 21 September 1676. They had 19 children together. Two of the children, Vincent Marais and Roland Marais also became famous musicians, as well as his grandson, Nicolas Marais.
Titon du Tillet wrote about Marais in his book Le Parnasse françois. He describes a piece from Marais' fourth book called The Labyrinth, which goes through lots of keys. The notes which are often dissonant, sometimes fast, sometimes slow, describe a man caught in a labyrinth. Eventually the man comes out of it happily and the music finishes with a gracious and natural chaconne. Another piece called La Gamme [The Scale], very gradually goes up the steps of the octave and then down again.

Facsimiles of all five books of Marais' Pièces de viole are published by Éditions J.M. Fuzeau. A complete critical edition of his instrumental works in seven volumes, edited by John Hsu, is published by Broude Brothers.
References in Film
Marais and his music were featured in the movie Tous les matins du monde (1991). The movie shows a detailed, imagined life of Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe. Marais' music is heard a lot, including his longer work Sonnerie de Ste-Geneviève du Mont-de-Paris (1723). A recording of the Sonnerie performed on a Fairlight synthesizer was used in the cult classic film Liquid Sky.

References

1656 births
1728 deaths
17th-century French composers
Baroque composers
French musicians
18th-century French composers
Camberley is a town in Surrey, England, UK. It is close to the border with Hampshire.

Towns in Surrey