Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Micronesia, officially the Federated States of Micronesia, is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, northeast of Papua New Guinea. The country is a sovereign state in free association with the United States. The capital city of Federated States of Micronesia is Palikir, Pohnpei.

The Federated States of Micronesia were formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a United Nations Trust Territory under US administration. In 1979, they adopted a constitution, and in 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on U.S. aid.

The Federated States of Micronesia is hundreds of small islands divided in seven territories in Micronesia. The term Micronesia may mean the Federated States or to the region as a whole. This area is in Oceania.

History 
The first people here lived about 3000 years ago. Spain colonized the islands in 1886, but sold them to Germany 3 years later.
Related pages
Federated States of Micronesia national football team
List of rivers of the Federated States of Micronesia
Micronesia at the Olympics

References

Other websites 

 Newspapers
Pär Lagerkvist (1891 May 23 – 1974 July 11) was a man from Sweden who wrote many books. In 1940, he was elected as a member of Swedish Academy. And in 1951, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

1891 births
1974 deaths
Swedish writers
Swedish Nobel Prize winners
Thanatos is the god of death in Greek mythology.  He is the son of Nyx and the twin brother of Hypnos, the god of sleep. 

Sigmund Freud, a famous psychologist, used the word in one of his theories. THANATOS was the god or personified spirit (daimon) of non-violent death. His touch was gentle, likened to that of his twin brother Hypnos(Sleep). Violent death was the domain of Thanatos' blood-craving sisters, the Keres, spirits of slaughter and disease. He is often confused with Hades, who is the god of the dead and underworld, not death itself.

Thanatos plays a prominent role in two myths. Once when he was sent to fetch Alkestis (Alcestis) to the underworld, he was driven off by Herakles in a fight. Another time he was captured by the criminal Sisyphos (Sisyphus) who trapped him in a sack so as to avoid death.

Greek gods and goddesses
Medication (also called medicine or pharmaceutical drugs) is the use of legal drugs to treat or cure an illness. Some drugs are freely sold. They are called over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Other drugs are so powerful or dangerous that a doctor must give permission to use the drug.  The note from the doctor is called a "prescription." These drugs are called prescription drugs, prescription medicines, or prescription only medicines (POM).

Terminology 
There are many different words used to describe important things about medications.

Dosage 
Dosage is how much medication needs to be taken to make the medication do what it is supposed to.

Dosage is very important because all medicines can be poisons if they are taken in large amounts.  If a person takes too much of a medication, they can get very sick or even die.  This is called an overdose.  For example, if a person takes too much acetaminophen (also called paracetamol, Tylenol, or Panadol), they can badly hurt their liver.
Some dosages are based on age.  For example, children often need less medication than adults. Others are based on body weight. Sometimes, normal dosages have to be changed if a person has certain medical problems, like kidney failure.

Action 
Action is what the medication is supposed to do: the helpful effects that the medicine is supposed to have on the body.

Many drugs have more than one action.  For example, acetaminophen is an analgesic (it kills pain) and an antipyretic (it makes fevers go away).

Indication 
An indication is a reason why a medication is given.

Many drugs have more than one indication.  For example, acetaminophen's indications include pain and fever.

Contraindication 
A contraindication is a reason why a medication should not be given.
Almost all medicines, even over-the-counter medications, have some contraindications.  For example, acetaminophen should not be given to people who are allergic to acetaminophen.  For these people, acetaminophen is "contraindicated," and another medicine should be used instead.  Acetaminophen is also contraindicated in people who have liver disease.

Side effects and adverse effects 

A person takes a medication because they want it to do certain things.  When the medication also does other things that the person did not want, these are called side effects.  For example, acetaminophen can cause nausea.  This is a side effect of acetaminophen.

Adverse effects are side effects that are dangerous or harm the body.  For example, in some people, acetaminophen can hurt the liver.  This is an adverse effect of acetaminophen.
Most medicines have many possible side effects.  This does not mean that anyone who takes the medicine will have those side effects.  For example, not everyone who takes acetaminophen gets nausea.  A side effect is just a possible effect that a medicine can have on the body.

Medication names 
All medications have a few different names.

Chemical name
When a medication is first discovered, it is given a chemical name.  This name describes the atoms or molecules in the medication.  Usually, only scientists use this name.

For example, the chemical names for acetaminophen are N-acetyl-para-aminophenol and para-acetyl-amino-phenol.

Generic name
Every country has one generic (official) name for every medicine.
In the United States, a medicine is given an official generic name after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) says a it is safe to be sold.  For example, acetaminophen is the official generic name used in the United States.  (Paracetamol is the generic name used in the United Kingdom and some other countries.)

Sometimes, generic names come from a medicine's chemical name.  For example, acetaminophen is named after N-acetyl-para-amino-phenol, and paracetamol is named after para-acetyl-amino-phenol.

Brand name

Each company that makes a drug gives that drug a brand name.  No other company is allowed to use this name.

For example, in the United States, the most common brand name for acetaminophen is Tylenol.  One of the companies that makes acetaminophen (Johnson & Johnson) chose the name "Tylenol" for its acetaminophen.  Another company that makes acetaminophen (GlaxoSmithKline) chose "Panadol" as its brand name.  Like with most medicines, there are many other brand names for acetaminophen.
Abbreviations
Some medicines have unofficial abbreviations.  For example, acetaminophen is sometimes abbreviated APAP.  This comes from the drug's chemical name: N-Acetyl-Para-Amino-Phenol.

All the same medicine
No matter which of these names is used, they all describe the same medicine.  For example, there is no difference between N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, acetaminophen, paracetamol, Tylenol, Panadol, and APAP.

How medications are given 

There are many ways that medications can be given.  These are called "routes of administration."

For most medications to work, they need to get into the bloodstream.  The blood carries the medicine around the body and takes it where it is needed.  The way a medication is given affects:
 The path that the medicine takes to get into the bloodstream and how long this takes
 How much of the medicine gets into the bloodstream
 How much of the medicine reaches the tissue where it is needed
 How long the medicine's effects will last
By mouth 
The most common way of giving medicine is by mouth.  The medicine comes in a pill or liquid that a person swallows.

When taken by mouth, medication gets into the bloodstream through the digestive system.  It takes a while, usually 15–20 minutes, for the medicine to get through parts of the digestive system and get taken up into the bloodstream.  Also, a very small amount of the medicine actually gets into the bloodstream.  This is because acid in the stomach kills most of the medicine before it can be taken up into the bloodstream.

Medicines taken by mouth often last longer than medicines taken by other routes of administration.

Not every medication can be given by mouth.  With some medicines, like insulin, the acid in the stomach will change the medicine or break it down so much that it will not work.

Into a vein 

Some medicines can be given through a needle placed into a vein.  This way of giving medicine is called intravenous (IV).
This is one of the fastest ways to get medicine into the bloodstream.  Veins carry blood, so when a medication is given intravenously, it goes right into the bloodstream immediately.  It takes less than a minute for blood to flow around the entire body.  This means that when given intravenously, a medicine will reach the brain within a minute or less.  All of the medicine (100%) gets into the bloodstream.

However, IV medications will not last as long as medications given by mouth.  This is because the body starts metabolizing medications (breaking them down so the body can get rid of them) as soon as the medicine gets into the bloodstream.

Not every medicine can be given intravenously.

Into a muscle 
Some medicines can be given through a needle placed into a big muscle, like the muscles in the upper arm, thigh, or buttocks.  This way of giving medicine is called intramuscular (IM).
When a medicine is given intramuscularly, the medicine gets into the bloodstream through smaller blood vessels in the muscles.  This takes longer than an IV injection, because the medicine is not being injected directly into a blood vessel.  However, the medicine still reaches the bloodstream faster than medicines given by mouth.

Also, not all of the medicine gets into the bloodstream because some of it gets caught in the soft tissue in the muscle and never reaches the blood vessels.

Breathed in 
Some special medicines can be breathed in.  This way of giving medicines is called by inhalation (sometimes abbreviated INH).  This can be especially helpful for lung problems like asthma.  Since the medicine is breathed right into the lungs, it can start working on the lungs right away.
Other routes 
There are many other routes of administration.  For example:
 Into the bone (intraosseous (IO)).  A needle is placed into a large bone, like the femur (thigh bone), and medicines are given into the bone marrow.  Any medicine that can be given into a vein can also be given into a bone.  Like with IV medicines, all of the medicine gets into the bloodstream, immediately.  IO medicines can only be given by certain medical professionals, like doctors and paramedics.
 Into the rectum (per rectum (PR)).  Some medicines can be given into the rectum.  The medicine does not get into the bloodstream very quickly.  This route is mostly used with people who cannot swallow medicines, like very young children or people who are vomiting (throwing up).
 Under the skin (subcutaneous (sub-q)).  Some special medicines can be given through a needle placed under the skin.  For example, insulin is often given this way.
Into the nose (intranasal).  Some special medicines can be sprayed into the nose.  When a medicine is given intranasally, all of the medicine will go to the brain, immediately.  For example, naloxone (which is used to treat opiate overdoses) can be given intranasally.
There are many other routes of administration.

Many medicines can be given more than one way.  For example, acetaminophen can be given by mouth, into the rectum, or into a vein.

References

Drug delivery devices
Ahimsa (also ahiṃsā, ahinsa, Sanskrit:अहिम्स) is a Sanskrit word which means "non-violence” or "non-injury". The practice of ahimsa is an important aspect of religions like Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. A person who practices ahimsa generally eats vegetarian foods. A religious person who practices ahimsa does not take part in animal sacrifice.

In twentieth century, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Martin Luther King each followed a path of Ahimsa, though in different ways. They struggled without fighting, while asking for the rights of their followers.

Buddhism
The concept of ahiṃsā forms the base of Buddhism. In Buddhism, the first of the five basic vows (precepts) that are undertaken voluntarily by those who practice, is "I undertake the training rule to abstain from killing". In Buddhism, killing any living being out of passion is considered 'hiṃsā' (injury) and abstaining from such act is 'ahiṃsā' (non-injury or nonviolence).

References

Citations
 

Hinduism
Jainism
Buddhism
Religious ethics
Sant Kabir Saheb also known as Kabir Das and Kabir Saheb was born  in 1398, Varanasi and brought up in a Muslim weavers family by Niru and Nima. He was a mystic poet and a musician and was one of the important saints of Hinduism and also considered a Sufi by Muslims. He is respected by Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.  He was a disciple of Saint swami Ramananda. He was never formally educated and was almost completely illiterate. According to legend, the only word that he ever learned how to write was "Rama" and also Kabir Sahib ji also told information about the Supreme God through his couplets and poems..
Poetry
It is because of poetry that Kabir is held in high esteem all over the world. Another beauty of Kabir's poetry is that he picks up situations that surround our daily lives. Thus, even today, his poetry is relevant and helpful in both social and spiritual context. Following him means understanding one's inner self, realizing oneself, accepting oneself as is, and becoming harmonious with one's surroundings .
Kabir das has written much poetry and song. All of his recorded verses are in Hindi. His lyrics are characterised by a free use of the vernacular, and is unfettered by the grammatical bonds of his day. It is this quality which has made his philosophy accessible to generations of Indians.He always help others.
Dohe
Saint Kabir's Dohe (दोहे) is full of meaning and teachings. He believed God is one and people just worship him with different names and nicknames Kabir has written the famous Dohe in Hindi. Kabir's poems were in vernacular Hindi, borrowing from various dialects including Awadhi, Brij, and Bhojpuri.

References 

Hindu saints
1440 births
1518 deaths
Asian Sufis
Mystics
The Indus River is the greatest river on the western side of the south Asian subcontinent. It is one of the seven sacred rivers for The Brahmans of Vedic period. It was the birthplace of the early Indus Valley civilization. It flows through China (Western Tibet), India and Pakistan. It is one of the main rivers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

The river is 3180 km long. It is Pakistan's longest river. The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000 km2 (450,000 sq mi). Its estimated annual flow stands at around 207 km3 (50 cu mi), making it the twenty-first largest river in the world in terms of annual flow. It discharges about 6,600 cubic meters per second.
The word Indus and the cognate word "Hindu" are derived from Sapta Sindhu (Sanskrit for "seven rivers") for the region is ancient. The Ancient Greeks used the word Indós; Hinduš was Old Persian; Sindhu in Sanskrit. Latest languages on the sub-continent use either Sindh (modern Sindhi) or Sindhu (ancient Sanskrit) or very similar words. The river's region's name came to be the name of the country India.

River basin 
Over 47% of the total area of the Indus drainage basin is in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. India has about 39%, Tibet has 8% and Afghanistan has 6 % of the Indus basin catchment area.
The Indus water system of rivers comprises the main Indus and its major tributaries: the Kabul River and Kurram River on the right bank, and the Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, Beas River and the Sutlej on the left. The first two join the Indus soon after it leaves the mountains, and the others lower down in the plains. The whole of the Beas and the head reaches of the Ravi and Sutlej are in the Republic of India, while those of the Chenab and Jhelum lie mostly in the disputed Kashmir state. 

The entire basin covers an area of about 384,000 square miles of open land, of which 204,000 lie in Pakistan. In addition, there are about 29,000 square miles which lie outside the Indus basin but are dependent on the Indus river system for their water requirements and irrigation supplies.
Without the Indus waters, agriculture in Pakistan would be very uncertain, because there is not much rain. Even now when Pakistan is being rapidly industrialised, it needs its water resources, because much of its industry uses agriculture produce for its raw materials.  Almost all of the basin in Pakistan receives an overall rainfull of less than 15 inches, 60% of its area receiving less than 10 inches, while, 16% receives less than 5 inches.  The rainfull is not evenly distributed throughout the year but is concentrated during the monsoons.
Course 
Rising in western Tibet, the Indus runs at first across a high plateau, then the ground falls away and the river, dropping rapidly, gathering momentum and rushing north-west, collects the waters from innumerable glacier-fed streams, and runs north-west between the world's greatest mountain ranges, the Karakoram and the Himalayas. In Kashmir it crosses the United Nations cease-fire line and, in Baltistan District, enters Azad Kashmir. From here on it is Pakistan's river; Pakistan's first town on the upper Indus, Skardu, at 7,500 feet above sea-level, stands on a bluff near the junction of the Indus and one of its great right-bank tributaries, the Shigar. The majority of the people live in Skardu town; others inhabit small and scattered villages along the Indus and Shigar valleys, or tiny hamlets high on the surrounding mountains.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Blankonthemap The Northern Kashmir WebSite
 All About Indus River Pakistan 
 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law  See Indus River. Peace Palace Libray
 Northern Areas Development Gateway 
 The Mountain Areas Conservancy Project 
 Indus River watershed map (World Resources Institute) 
 Indus Treaty 
 Baglihar Dam issue 
 Indus
 Indus Wildlife

Rivers of Pakistan
Jagannath is a form of the God Shri Krishna. The biggest temple of Jagannath is in Puri, Odisha, India. He is worshipped in Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and rest parts of the Indian Subcontinent.

Hinduism
Patañjali (fl. 150 BC or 2nd century BC) lived in the 2nd century. He was an Indian. He wrote the first grammar of Sanskrit language. He also wrote books about yoga.
He is also the author of the Mahabhyasa, a commentary on Katyayana's varttikas on Panini's Astadhyayi as well as an unspecified work of medicine (Ayurveda).

References

Yoga
Hinduism
Indian writers
2nd-century BC people
Kalypso or Calypso is a nymph in Greek mythology, who lives on the island Ogygia. This island was so hidden that no man would find it twice.  Calypso was the daughter of Atlas so she was placed on the island and not allowed to leave.

In the Odyssey, the hero Odysseus comes to her island after escaping from the sea, and the death of his men. Odysseus stayed with her for seven years. But then the god Hermes came and told her that the gods said that she had to let Odysseus go. Calypso promised Odysseus immortality (that he would live forever) if he stayed, but he wanted to go back to his wife Penelope, and so he left her. She can be seductive at times.

Nymphs
There are several dialects of English used in different parts of the world.

Africa
 Nigerian English
 South African English
 Sudanese English
 Zimbabwean English

Asia 
 Hong Kong English
 Indian English
 Hinglish
 Japanese English
 Engrish
 Malaysian English
 Manglish
 Pakistani English
 Philippine English
 Singaporean English
 Singlish
 Thai English
 Tinglish

Europe

 Euro English

Great Britain 
 British English
 Received Pronunciation (sometimes called "the Queen's English")
 Scottish English
 Welsh English

Ireland
 Irish English (Hiberno-English)
 Ulster Scots dialects

Oceania 
 Australian English
 Fiji English
 New Zealand English

North America 
 American English
 African-American Vernacular English
 Appalachian English
 Southern American English
 Canadian English
 Jamaican English

Related articles
 Comparison of American and British English
 Early Modern English
 Middle English
 Modern English
 Old English
 Oxford spelling
Theory of Music is all about trying to understand how existing music works and how new music could or should be organized. Someone who makes a special study of music theory is a music theorist.

People who make their own music are composers. People who play or sing music are “performers”. It is important for both composers and performers to understand what makes the music sound the way it does. In the times of the Ancient Greeks the famous philosopher Pythagoras tried to explain how instruments are tuned. He understood the science of the good vibrations that the instruments make and explained how and why the octave is divided into twelve parts(in some cultures).

In the Middle Ages there were several famous music theorists who wrote books about music theory. Their ideas are interesting for us because they tell us what people thought about music at that time.
In the 18th century some composers wrote books on music theory. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (son of the famous Johann Sebastian Bach) wrote a book called: “An Essay on the true art of playing the Keyboard”. Leopold Mozart (the father of the famous Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) wrote a book called The Art of Playing the Violin. Both these books were extremely well known in their day. In spite of their titles the first halves of these two books are both about a branch of music theory called "performance practice": They tell us a lot about how music was played in those days, how some rhythms were played quite freely and how ornaments in the music were played.
Today people who want to compose will study music theory, perhaps at college or university school of music.  In a conservatory program, they study harmony and counterpoint as well as form; in other programs, they spend less time on the theories of the past. They will be taught “rules”. These rules are not laws, they simply mean: the way that most great composers wrote music in the past. These rules describe what composers of the past did, rather than telling composers of today what to do -- in fact, music composed today can have completely different rules than the music of the past. 

Music theory is important for people who perform music because all these things help people to understand the music they are playing.
According to Hindu epic, Ravana (IAST : Rāvaṇa; / ˈrɑːvənə) was a demon king of the island of Lanka.

In the Ramayana, Ravana is described as a symbol of evil, though a learned scholar well versed in the Vedas. He appears as the primary antagonist, and is said to be the most revered devotee of Shiva, with his image being associated with him at some places. He also appears in several Buddhist and Jain texts.

Pedigree 
 Grandfather(maternal) - King Sumaali
 Mother - Princess Kaykasee
 Grandfather(paternal) - Saint of Pulasthi
 Father - Saint of Waishrawa
 Wife - Princess Mandhodharee
 Son - Meganaadha (Indrajith)
 Brothers - Kuweara, Kumbhakarna, Vibheeshana
 Sister - Suparnakaa
 Father in law - Saint of Kaalaneam

Kindom 
Capitol - Lankapura

Alakamandhaawa, Thapo wanaya, Gokannaka

Written Books 
 Arka prakaasha
 Kumaara thanthraya
 Rasarathnaakaraya
 Watikaa Prakaranaya
References 
 http://www.hindustantimes.com/Ravana-is-a-hero-for-Sinhala-nationalists/Article1-249335.aspx 
 https://wiralfeed.wordpress.com/2015/11/08/facts-about-ravana/

Notes

Hindu mythology
History of Sri Lanka
Devaki was a woman mentioned in the Mahabharata. Her father’s name was Devaka, and she was the younger sister of Kansha, a cruel king of Mathura of Ancient India. Devaki was married to Vasudeva, a son  of Sureshana. Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu (a god of Hindus)  was son of Devaki and Vasudeva.She was Krishna's real mother.

She had 8 sons in total including Krishna. The first six of her children were killed by her brother Kamsa. The seventh time there was a miscarriage and Balaram got carried to Mother Rohini's womb. All the time she was in prison by Kamsa till he released them out of pity. You can find more at the book Krsna by His divine Grace A.C Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila Prabhupada.

Hindu mythology
Ayurveda () is an alternative medicine system from the Indian subcontinent. Ayurveda is [pseudoscientific]. The Indian Medical Association (IMA) says the practice of modern medicine by Ayurveda is quackery. Ayurvedic texts say that the gods of Hindu mythology gave medical knowledge to legendary Hindu philosophers, who then gave the knowledge to human physicians. The word "ayurveda" is from the , , and means knowledge of life and longevity. 

Ayurveda therapies have varied and evolved over more than two millennia.Therapies include herbal medicines, special diets, meditation, yoga, massage, laxatives, enemas, and medical oils. Medicines are typically based on complex herbal compounds, minerals, and metal substances (perhaps under the influence of early Indian alchemy or rasa shastra). Ancient Ayurveda texts also taught surgical techniques, including rhinoplasty, kidney stone extractions, sutures, and the extraction of foreign objects.
In Ayurveda, the story is that Dhanvantari, the Hindu god of Ayurveda, made himself into a human king by incarnation. He was king of Varanasi, and taught Ayurvedic medicine to a group of physicians. One of these physicians, named Sushruta, wrote the Sushruta Samhita (Sushruta's Compendium), an Ayurvedic text that has this story in it. 

Most Ayurvedic therapies are made from chemical compounds taken from plants, from minerals, and from metals. In ancient India, Ayurvedic texts gave explanations for surgeries and for the stitching of wounds to help wound healing. The ancient Indians knew how to take out kidney stones and how to do rhinoplasty (plastic surgery for the nose). People have used many different Ayurvedic therapies through the history of India. Ayurveda has changed for more than two thousand years. In the 1970s and 1980s, Ayurveda also changed for consumption in the Western world.
Some people say Ayurveda comes from Prehistory. Some ideas in Ayurveda may have been in existence at the time of the Indus Valley civilization, during the Bronze Age in India. During the Vedic period, Ayurveda went through many developments. Outside the tradition of the Vedas, Buddhism and Jainism also shared some ideas with the Ayurvedic texts from ancient India. By around two thousand years ago, Ayurveda had developed some of its ideas for surgery and drugs.

There is no good evidence that works or helps for any disease. Some Ayurvedic products have lead, mercury, and arsenic in them. In 2008, nearly 21% of Ayurvedic products sold on the internet and made in India and the United States had in them lead, mercury, and arsenic (heavy metals) in quantities that are toxic. There may be public health dangers that result from this, but that is not known.

References

Cited references 

 
  (Republished by National Informatics Centre, Government of India.)
 
 
 
 
 
 

Indian culture
Pseudoscience
The Ganges (English pronunciation: /ˈɡændʒiːz/ GAN-jeez), also called the Ganga (, , ; Ganga IPA: [ˈɡəŋɡaː]  ( listen); Bengali: গঙ্গা Gonga), is the third largest river on the Indian subcontinent by discharge. The Ganges river is named after a Hindu goddess called Ganga. Geographers, Historians and Mythologists alike regard Ganges as the heart of Indian culture, tradition and living.

Geography
The government declared that the Ganges river between Allahabad and Haldia is National-Waterway No.1. The river has many industrial towns like Patliputra, Kannauj, Kanpur, Kara, Prayagraj, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Bhagalpur,Munger, Murshidabad,Baharampur and Kolkata on its banks. The Ganges Basin drains 1,000,000-square-kilometre (390,000 sq mi) and supports one of the world's highest densities of humans. The average depth of the river is 52 feet (17 m), and the maximum depth, 100 feet (33 m).
Course
The river starts from a glacier called Gangotri Glacier, which is in the Garhwal region in Himalayas. The Ganges flows through north India, and ends at the Bay of Bengal in eastern India. Overall it flows 3,877 km making it one of the longest rivers in the world. Its watershed is 907,000 km² broad. The major rivers which flow into the Ganges are Brahmaputra River, Gomti, Kosi river, Gandak, Ghaghra river, Yamuna river and Son river.
The Ganges flows only 200 km through the Himalayas. The river touches plain land in the Rishikesh region near Haridwar in Uttarakhand. Then it passes through the towns of Kanpur, Soron, Kannauj, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Ghazipur, Bhagalpur, Mirzapur, Ballia, Buxar, Saidpur, and Chunar. At Allahabad, the river joins with Yamuna river.
At Pakur, the river divides itself into two distributaries, viz.- the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly and the main stream. Bhāgirathi-Hooghly in the later course forms the Hooghly River. The main stream Ganges enters Bangladesh.
Near the border with Bangladesh the Farakka Barrage controls the flow of the Ganges by diverting some of the water into a feeder canal which has link with the Hooghly river to keep it relatively silt-free. The river breaks up into multiples branches at its delta.
Pollution of Ganges
There is a lot of pollution in the Ganges because many locals tend to release their waste into it. This causes a lot of sicknesses like cholera, hepatitis, typhoid, and amoebic dysentery. The presence of coliform bacteria in the waters has increased well above normal. This is a major cause of water pollution. These diseases cause about a third of the deaths in India every year. That is why the government has started a multi-crore project called the Ganga Action Plan (GAP).
History
During the early Vedic Age, the Indus and the Sarasvati River were the major rivers of the Indian subcontinent, not the Ganges. But the later three Vedas seem to give much more importance to the Ganges, as shown by its numerous references. Possibly the first European Traveler to mention the Ganges was Megasthenes (ca. 350 – 290 BCE). In Rome's Piazza Navona, Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (fountain of the four rivers) was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and built in 1651. The art-work symbolizes four of the world's great rivers (the Ganges, the Nile, the Danube, and the Río de la Plata), which is to represent the four continents (Australia and Antarctica were unknown then).

Religious significance
In Hinduism
Hindus regard the Ganges as not only a river but also a mother, a goddess, a tradition, a culture, and much more. In Hinduism it is considered holy to take a pilgrimage to the Ganges and take a dip. Many Hindus believe that bathing in the Ganga can purify a person's soul of all past sins, and some believe that it can also cure illnesses. So, many Hindu families keep Ganga water in their homes as they consider it to be very pure. The holy towns like Haridwar, Prayagraj, Kanpur, and Varanasi attract thousands of pilgrims. Thousands of Hindu pilgrims arrive at these towns to bathe in the Ganges. In Hinduism people's ashes are consecrated into the Ganges as it is a sacred river.
Legend of Bhagirath
According to Hindu Puranas a king named Bhagiratha did Tapasya for many years to bring the River Ganges. Ganges was then residing in the Heavens. By the help of pure Ganga waters, Bhagirath wanted to release his ancestors of a curse. Therefore, the Ganges descended to the Earth to make the earth pious, fertile and wash out the sins of humans.

Economic significance
The water of the Ganges is used extensively in agriculture in the fertile Gangetic plains. Chief crops cultivated in the area include rice, sugarcane, lentils, oil seeds, potatoes, and wheat. 
Along the banks of the river, the swamps and lakes provide a good growing area for crops such as legumes, chillies, mustard, sesame, sugarcane, and jute. Fishing is also done in the Ganga waters.
Industries which require a large amount of water are set up on the banks of the river. The Ganges is popular for river rafting, which attract many adventurers in the summer months. Tourism is also a related activity in modern times.

References
References

Sources

Other websites

Rivers of India
National symbols of India
Rivers of Bangladesh
Arges, Argeş, or Argeș might mean:

 Arges (Cyclops), a Cyclops in Greek mythology

Places in Romania
Argeș County, a county
Argeș River, a river in the south of the country
Curtea de Argeş, a city along the banks of the Argeş River
Ţinutul Argeş, a former administrative division
In Hinduism, Sita was the daughter of Janaka and wife of Rama, an avatar of god Vishnu. The word Sita means “furrow”, that is, the line created on the farm when it is ploughed. She is believed to be the daughter of Bhūmi in many legends. 

There is a story about Sita's birth. Her father Janaka was ploughing the land and a furrow was formed. From that furrow a baby girl came out. Janaka took the girl as his daughter and named her Sita.

In Hinduism, Sita is considered a form of the goddess Lakshmi. Sita is worshiped for her greatness and for her loyalty. She was the goddess of loyalty and her responsibility.

Other websites

Hindu gods and goddesses
Halima Sadia () was an Arabic Beduin woman. She was a foster mother and took care of the prophet Muhammad for the first six years of his life. Halimah and her husband were from the tribe of Sa'd b. Bakr (a large North Arabian tribe).

Relationship with Muhammad 
Foster mothers came to Mecca to feed children. It was the custom at that time in Makkah that families send their children to live for a while with a nurse who lived in the desert. This was healthier for their bodies to be around a natural environment instead of living in the city. They preferred that the fathers of the children they took care of were still alive. Although Muhammad's father was dead, Halimah took him just eight days after he was born. He grew up in Hudaybiyah, then in Medina before he was returned to his mother, Aminah bint Wahb.
Years after Muhammad's mother died and he became married to Khadijah, Halimah came to him complaining of her poverty. He asked Khadijah to give her 40 sheep. After Muhammad got his first revelation, Halimah and her husband came to Muhammad and embraced Islam. When she came to Muhammad on the day of Hunayn, he took off his robe and put it on the ground for her to sit.

So when the group of foster mothers arrived at the Makkah city and they picked up most of the children, the last nurse arrived with her husband (Al-Harith) riding a donkey and old camel. She found only one orphan boy who had no father to pay her. She was ready to go back but she did not want to return without a baby. She decided to go back and pick up the orphan.
As soon as she lifted that boy, her life changed and became filled with immense good fortune and blessings. The old camel, which had not given a drop of milk, was soon over flowing with milk. Although she was the last women leaving makkah on her donkey, she passed her friends. This was indeed a great blessing for her and for this poor Bedouin family.

After two years, Muhammad was returned to his mother Amina. She told Amina about the great blessings that she had received when Muhammad was in her care, but soon, Amina was persuaded by Halima and her husband (Al-Harith) to return the child back with them for another two years to protect him from a spreading disease in Makkah.

References 

Sahaba
6th-century births
Year of death unknown
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid () (555 - 619) was the first wife of Muhammad, an Islamic prophet. Her nickname was Khadijah al-Kubra. She was known by the special names Thahira and Ummu Hinth. She was the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad and Fatimah bint Za'idah. Khadijah is widely known as the first person to convert to Islam. Khadijah is known as Umm-al-mu'minin which means "the Mother of the Believers".

Children 
Khadijah had six children with Muhammad.
 Qasim ibn Muhammad, died in 605 CE, before his second birthday
 Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad, died in childhood in 615 CE
 Zainab bint Muhammad, married to her maternal cousin Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee
 Ruqayyah bint Muhammad, married to Uthman ibn Affan
 Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad, also married to Uthman ibn Affan after Ruqayyah's death
 Fatimah, married to 'Ali bin Abi Talib

555 births
619 deaths
Wives of Muhammad
555 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events
 King Chlothar I adds the Frankish territories of Metz and Reims.
 King Erb of Gwent dies; his kingdom is divided into Gwent and Ergyng in Southern Wales (approximate date).
 Chinese Liang Dynasty: Jing Di, age 12, succeeds his father Yuan Di.

Birth of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
619 (DCXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events
 Heraclius prepares to leave Constantinople. He moves the Byzantine capital to Carthage.
 The Second Perso-Turkic War is fought. It ends with a strong Persian victory.
 Muhammad's wife, Khadija, dies after 24 years of marriage. 
 Kubrat, ruler of the Bulgars, is baptised in Constantinople.
 December 23 – Pope Boniface V succeeds Adeodatus I as the 69th pope of Rome.

 Death of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

619
Sarasvati may mean several things. Some of the meanings are written below:

Sarasvati was a river of Ancient India: Saraswati River.
Sarasvati is a goddess of Hindus: Sarasvati.
Sarasvati is a common name of girls in India.
Sarasvati River was one of the major rivers of Ancient India. The river flowed through parts of western and northern India. Then in Allahabad, the river merged with the Jamuna River.

At one time, Sarasvati was a deep river. The river dried up and became lost over a few hundred years, possibly between 2000 and 1500 BC.

References 

Rivers of Pakistan
Tributaries of the Indus River
Rivers of India
The Ming dynasty was the family of emperors who led China from 1368 to 1644. The name is also used to talk about the  that they led and the 276 years in Chinese history that it lasted.

It is also famous for its pottery from Jingdezhen in Jiangxi and Dehua in Fujian.

Name
The Ming dynasty is known in Chinese as the Míng. This is written as  in Chinese characters. The character is a sun () and a moon () together and means "bright". Chinese uses different words to talk about the different meanings of a Chinese "dynasty" in English: their government is called the Míng cháo , their country is called the Dà Míng dìguó ( or , and their time in Chinese history is called the Míng dài .

Unlike in English, the name of the dynasty is not the same as the family name of the leaders. The family that led China during the Ming were the Zhūs.  This is written as  in Chinese characters.  Today, it is just a common Chinese family name, but at that time it meant a kind of red coloring made from cinnabar (HgS).
The Yuan dynasty before them had been part of the Mongol Empire started by Genghis Khan. The Yuan dynasty was established by Kublai Khan. Its emperors had been Mongolian people, but most of China was Han Chinese. To keep their power, the Yuan used a Chinese kind of government of Three Departments and Six Ministries, with imperial examinations. Their laws gave special powers to Mongolian people, though, with other people from other countries ("Semu") placed second, northern Chinese third, and southern Chinese last. They were especially nice to Tibetan Buddhists and gave many important jobs to Muslims, although they also made Muslims break some rules and eat like Mongolians. Some Muslims were angry and started to fight the Yuan. Many people began to fight after the 1340s. The Black Death killed many people and the government did not keep up the work needed to stop the Yellow River from killing people when it flooded
. The Red Turbans began fighting in 1351 and its best leader Zhu Yuanzhang made the Yuan emperor Toghun Temür run away from the capital city Khanbaliq (now inside Beijing) in 1368.
When Zhu Yuanzhang took Khanbaliq, he said that the Yuan was over and that his family would be a new dynasty called the Ming. He said that 1368 was the 1st year of the Hongwu Era and became known as the Hongwu Emperor. Toghun Temür and other Mongolians still fought him, but now they were known as the Northern Yuan and the Ming became the real government of most of China.

The Hongwu Emperor had many sons and made them the leaders of the 13 different parts of China. He did not stay in Khanbaliq. He made his old base Yingtian (today's Nanjing) into the new capital city. He wanted China to be more traditional and more Chinese, so he ended most government support for other religions and made Christianity against the law. He wanted China to take care of itself, so he ended most buying and selling of things from other countries. He made a list of rules for his family, and they mostly followed them during the rest of the Ming.
The Yongle Emperor did not like many of the people in government who got there by doing well on their tests. He gave more power to eunuchs, men who were hurt as children to stop them from being able to have children of their own. One of these was Zheng He, a Muslim who led great treasure ships south from Suzhou and Nanjing in 7 big trips between 1405 and 1433. The first trips may have been looking for the Jianwen Emperor, but they also became trips that taught China about the South China Sea and Indian Ocean and opened up more buying and selling between their countries and China.

The Mings' main capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng, who established the Shun dynasty. This was soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. The people who still liked the Ming continued to fight as the Southern Ming up to 1683.
Importance
The Ming Empire has been described as "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history". It was the last Chinese dynasty led by the Han Chinese, not counting the short-lived governments of Li Zicheng and Yuan Shikai. It is also famous for its pottery from Jingdezhen in Jiangxi and Dehua in Fujian.

Notes

References 

Chinese dynasties
1368 establishments
14th-century establishments in Asia
Establishments in China
1644 disestablishments
Disestablishments in China
1640s disestablishments in Asia
Saraswati is one of the Hindu goddesses. The Vedas also mention her name. She is the goddess of speech, learning and knowledge. The legend states that she created the Sanskrit language and invented the vina, a musical instrument similar to a lute. The legend also says that she is the wife of Brahma, one of the gods of the Hindus.

Birth 

Mata Saraswati was born from the Samudra Manthan that arranged between the Devatas and the Asuras. She was born from the sea and was married to Lord Brahma thereafter. In another legend, Brahma created her by his imagination. However, she turned out to be so beautiful that he could not takes his eyes off her. Since he had five heads - four in the four cardinal directions - and one on top, his head kept turning in whichever direction Saraswati went.
Saraswati is mentioned in the Vedas, the Brahmans, the Aranyaks, the Upanishads and the Mahabharat. She is dressed in white, carries a book and a lotus. Her favorite instrument is a lute and she rides a swan. Generally, an image or a statue of Saraswati shows her with four arms. Two arms hold the vina. In other arms she holds a book and a lotus flower.

References

Other websites

Hindu gods and goddesses
Holi is one of the major festivals of Hindus. It is celebrated in South Asian countries, especially in India and Nepal. Hiranyanaksap wanted to kill his son, so he called his sister, Holika. She had a magic robe. This robe had the power to save the wearer from burning in fire. Hiranyakashyap ordered his sister to sit on a burning fire along with Prahlad. He thought that his sister would not be harmed by the fire of the magic robe and Prahlad would be burnt to death. But the result was the opposite of what the evil demon king planned.

Thus Prahlad came out of the burning fire safely and Holika was burnt to death. Holi is the festival of colours. It is celebrated with colors to mark the victory of virtue and goodness over evil.

The festival is celebrated for two days. The 2nd day, Rang Panchami marks the closing day of the Holi festival.

People are seen with different varieties of colors on Holi. They put colors on each other, sing, dance. They worship Lord Krishna and put colors on his idol.
Families gather together and Parvi the whole day...

References Happy Holi colors

Other websites
 
 How to practice safe Holi , Government of India
 Holi in pictures from The Guardian

Hindu festivals
Festivals in India
Maharashtra
Sikh festivals
Suriname
Beaminster is a town in Dorset, England. The town has a population of 3,000. Beaminster is known for a nine-day music and art festival called the Beaminster Festival. The festival is held every year.

Towns in Dorset
After World War II, when tape recorders had been invented and were becoming popular, composers started to use them to make music.  The tape recorder was needed for the performance.  Composers used them to combine lots of different sounds.  Sometimes it was music played on ordinary (acoustic) instruments which was then changed in some way by the tape recorder.  Sometimes they took sounds from everyday life such as the sound of water, traffic noise or bird song.  All these noises were put together in the way the composer wanted by using the tape recorder.  Tapes of sounds were often cut into pieces, then the pieces were 'spliced' – put back together in a different order. The results were often very interesting, but there were problems.  Some people asked: “Is it music?”  Others thought it was boring to just look at a tape recorder during a concert instead of being able to watch live musicians play.
Composers in Paris were experimenting with electronic music in the 1940s.  They called it “Musique concrète” because they used natural, concrete sounds. (“Concrete” in this sense meant the opposite of “abstract” music which was written down for performance).  The sounds were played back at different speeds, combined in lots of ways, played backwards or played continuously (repeated in a 'loop'), or played into a mixer and re-recorded onto another tape recorder.  The sounds could be filtered. Effects such as vibrato or echo could be added.  Sometimes composers used synthesizers which were machines that could make electronic music in real time.  They sounded more like normal instruments than the sound effects on a tape recorder.

Computers have often been used for composing electronic music.
Classical music
Composers who have used these ways of making music include John Cage (1912-1992), Bruno Maderna (1920-1973), Pierre Boulez (1925-2016), Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007), Martin Garrix (2009-2019) with songs like "Pizza", "Forever" and "Scared to be lonely". Very often composers combined electronic music with ordinary instruments being played.

Rock music
Bands like Twenty One Pilots, Taylor Swift, and Vance Joy among many others employ electronic sounds amongst their music.

Rap music
Kendrick Lamar, Eminem, Lil Wayne and many other have added electronic music into their rap music.

Pop music
In popular music, the use of electronics to create new sounds began in the 1960s. Producer Joe Meek and inventor Bob Moog both expanded the range of sounds that could be used in pop music, and by the end of that decade electronics had become accepted in the industry. In the next few years the work of people like Giorgio Moroder, Jean-Michel Jarre, Brian Eno and Kraftwerk made electronic music famous.
In the early 1980s electronic music became fashionable, and bands like New Order, The Human League, Pet Shop Boys and Depeche Mode became famous. Sometimes these bands would mix electronic music with rock music.

In the 21st Century electronics are so much a part of popular music that using it is no longer strange - in fact, many artists use nothing else.

EDM music

A subgenre of electronic music is electronic dance music, or EDM. Electronic dance music is a form of electronica which is generally made with the intention of being danced to, thus making it generally club-friendly and often (but not always) up-tempo in nature. Whilst a lot of electronic genres are also classified as EDM, not all forms of electronic music fall within the specific category. Examples of EDM genres include post-disco, deep house, techno, Eurodance, trance, trip hop, drum and bass and dubstep, as well as several others.