Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Cretan capital 

Cretans chose kings to rule over them for seven years each. The king was known as Minos, and the people Minoans. The capital of Crete was Knossos (nos' us). Beautiful friezes (decorating bands) were on the walls. The symbol of the double-ax was used, and is thought to represent the power of a king. The throne was only a seat with a high back, and the nobles had only benches to sit on. However, the benches were covered with red and white plaster. On the walls were painted fish, dolphins, and seaweed. The queen had her own private staircase so she could go upstairs without bothering the men. Several rooms in the palace had jars which were six feet tall, and were used to keep wheat, oil, dye and other things.

Cretan life

Religion
Religion 

On Crete the Minoan Culture started 4700 years ago. The palace of Knossos is well-known and is a labyrinth. Visitors were lost in the labyrinth unless they used a string behind them to find their way back. In this place, it was said that a Minotaur, half bull and half man, lived. Every year seven young men and seven girls were sacrificed to the Minotaur. Many scholars think sacrifices to a bull were made because the Cretans thought the sound of an earthquake was an angry bull.

The Cretans also worshiped the Great Mother Cybele, or Snake Goddess. Often, her picture was carved in statues with gold decorations and with snakes curled around the arms. Snakes were thought to protect houses, so each home had a special room for snakes. Sometimes a little table with grooves cut into it was put in a comfortable place so snakes could sip some milk from a cup.

Games and art
Games and art 

The Cretans loved games, food, athletics, music, and beautiful clothes. They were the first people to build stone theaters where many people were amused by parades and music. Girls could even help bullfighters. In bullfighting, the Minoans did not kill the bull, but the male fighter had to grab the horns of an attacking bull, throw himself on the back of the animal, and then land on the ground; the girl helped the bullfighter keep his balance.

Clothes 

Women wore long, full skirts with very tiny waists, complicated hairstyles, and lots of jewelry. The men wore small belts around their waists. They shaved with stones, rubbed their teeth with pumice stone, and had their body hair burnt by a barber.

Food
Food 

The Cretans ate fish, birds, and beef. They had barley cooked in many ways and ate lots of cheese, nuts, and honey. They thought only uncivilized people drank cow's milk, so they drank goat's milk instead. The Cretans sang, played games, and guessed riddles. Even though they ate with their fingers, they had the food cut into tiny pieces before it was served.

Cretan conquest 

The Cretans were peaceful people without fortifications to protect them from an attack. In about 1450 B.C., the Greek Mycenaeans captured Crete, after Knossos, Crete's capital, had been shaken by an earthquake.

References

Other websites 

 
Peripheries of Greece
Rhodes is a Greek island, belonging to the Dodecanese island group. In Greek it is called Rhodos.

The largest cities are Rhodes City in the north and Lindos in the south-east.
About 125,000 people live on Rhodes. It has an international airport in Paradisi in the north, near to Rhodes (city). 

First settlement were on Rhodes at the 16th century before Christ.
Rhodes was an important Fort for the Knights of St. John in their war against the Turkish invasion. In 1644 the Turkish occupied Rhodes.

1912 Italy won the Dodecanese from Turkey, 1943 Germany took them over, 1945 the British. Since 1946 the islands have belonged to Greece.

Rhodes lives mostly on tourism industry now.
History
During antiquity, Rhodes was an ancient Greek state. Rhodes' people belonged to the Greek race of Dorians. In those days there were three important towns in the island - Lindos, Kameiros and Ialysos. Later, during the fourth century B.C., Rhodes city was founded. Between the third and first century B.C. Rhodes was a powerful state. 

In the first century, Rhodes was conquered by the Romans. Later it came under Byzantine rule. In the Middle Ages, it was conquered by the Knights of St. John, who were crusaders. They built the big castles in the city of Rhodes. Later, it came under Turkish rule, Italian rule and in the year 1946 was united with Greece.

References

Islands of Greece
Tenerife is one of the seven Canary Islands. It is part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the capital of the province being on the island. The other province in the Canary Islands is Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. With 899.833 inhabitants, Tenerife is the most populated island of the Canary Islands and the second most populated island of Spain (after Mallorca).

The flag adopted by the island is that of a white St Andrew's cross on a navy blue background this is due to St Andrew being the patron saint of the island. 

Geologically it grew up from a volcano, the Teide. This volcano has had many violent eruptions over its very long history, the most recent of those eruptions took place in 1909.
Island capital is Santa Cruz de Tenerife, other important cities are Puerto de la Cruz, La Orotava, Arona, Adeje and San Cristóbal de La Laguna, all in the north of the island. Also important town of Candelaria, where they worship the patron saint of the Canary Islands, the Virgin of Candelaria.
The island is currently dependent on the tourism industry for much of its income.

Tenerife has two international airports, one in the south near the centres of tourism in Playa de Las Americas, Costa Adeje and Los Cristianos, and one in the north near Santa Cruz, which is where the world's worst plane disaster happened on March 27, 1977. Two Boeing 747 planes collided on the runway and killed 583 people.

The biggest tourist attractions are the volcano Teide (top is more than 3,000 m above sea level) and the Loro Parque in Puerto de la Cruz.

References 

Islands of the Canary Islands
Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Majorca (or Mallorca) is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the largest of the Balearic Islands. About 869,067 people (as of January 1, 2010) live on Mallorca, making it the most populated island of Spain. Palma de Mallorca is the capital of Mallorca. Palma has a population of 375,000. Mallorca has one international airport, one university and its own subway. The economy of the island depends on the tourism industry.

Other important cities in Mallorca are Calvià (43.499), Manacor (35.908), Llucmajor (29.891), Marratxí (28.237), Inca (26.504), Felanitx (16.566), Pollença (15.987), Alcúdia (15.897) and Sóller (12.521).
Huế is a city and a district in Central Vietnam. About 200,000 people live in the city of Huế. From 1802 to 1945 Huế was the capital city of Vietnam under the Nguyen Dynasty. Today people can visit the Imperial City, where the Nguyen emperors lived and ruled, and the tombs of the Nguyen emperors. Huế has an Medicinical University and is the seat of an archebishop.

The city is famous for food that is unique to the city, especially the dish Bún bò Huế.

It was also the place where the Battle of Huế was fought, which was one of the longest and deadliest battles in the Vietnam War.

Cities in Vietnam
Nha Trang (no diacritics) is a city with about 350,000 inhabitants in the middle south of Vietnam.  Its name is spelled with no diacritics in the Vietnamese language.  It lives on tourism and fishing industry.

Other websites 

Cities in Vietnam
Da Nang is the biggest city in Central Vietnam and the fourth largest city in Vietnam. It has about 870,000 people (2010). The city is built by the Han River (Vietnam) and Vietnam's central coast.

Nearby is Hoi An, a popular tourist town, and Hue, Vietnam's former capital. It is connected to Hue by the Hai Van Pass, a well-known national highway and popular tourist spot.

It is a popular city for tourism, both in-country and international, because of its beaches.

Its airport, Da Nang International Airport, used to also be used as airbase to fight against North Vietnam and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.

The city was a part of Quang Nam province until 1997, when the Vietnamese government decided to make the city its own municipality, or an area directly ruled by the central government. Today, it is one of Vietnam's five municipalities. The other municipalities are Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong, and Can Tho.
Da Nang Port is Vietnam's third largest port and the largest port in Central Vietnam. Since it is close to the ocean and since there is little farmland, the city's economy makes much more money from fishing than from farming.

Popular tourist attractions include the Ba Na Hills, the Golden Bridge, the Da Nang Sun Wheel, the Marble Mountains, and the Dragon Bridge.

Special food and drinks include mì Quảng noodles, bánh xèo, bún chả cá, snails, avocado ice cream, and coconut coffee. Food from Hue and Hoi An are also popular in Danang.

Cities in Vietnam
Rostock (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔstɔk]) is a city in the northeast of Germany. It is in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Rostock has over 200,000 people (204,260 in December 2011). It has an old university (founded in 1419). The town is on the river Warnow. The mayor is Roland Methling. The city today has the name Hansestadt (Hanseatic city) in memory of its history, where it has been an important part of the Hanseatic League. The architecture of the city and the region is influenced by this historic period.

Rostock is on the Baltic Sea. It has an important harbor. A district of the city, Warnemünde, is famous for its long beaches. It has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Koeppen climate classification).

The most important football club of Rostock is F.C. Hansa Rostock. It is in the German Bundesliga.

Other major Hanseatic cities today are: Hamburg, Lübeck, Wismar, Stralsund, Bremen, Greifswald and Demmin.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea
Ports and harbours of Germany
 
Urban districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
1218 establishments
13th-century establishments in Germany
1210s establishments in Europe
Ingolstadt ( , ; Bavarian: Inglstod [ˈʔɪŋl̩ʃtɔːd] or Ingoistod, Latin: Auripolis) is a city in the German state of Bavaria near Munich. It is on the Danube river and has about 127,000 inhabitants.

History 
In 1472, Bavaria's first university was founded in Ingolstadt. The Bavarian Reinheitsgebot, a regulation about the purity of beer, was started there in 1516. The car manufacturer Audi has its main base in Ingolstadt.

Ingolstadt is also the setting of Mary Shelley's famous novel Frankenstein.

References

Other websites
Jena is a city in the middle of Germany, in the state of Thuringia. About 103,000 people live there. Jena has a university called Friedrich Schiller University.

Geography 
Jena is partly in the middle hall valley between from mixed woodlands covered shelly limestone and sandstone slopes (geological phenomena are among other things the devil holes and the student chute). On them, numerous partially rare Orchideenarten occurs. From north to south Jena is  wide, and from east to west . The following larger cities are close to Jena: Gera, approx.  east, Erfurt, approx.  west, Weimar, approx.  west, Naumburg (Saale), approx.  northeast, is (Saale), to approx.  northeast, Leipzig, approx.  northeast and Chemnitz, approx.  east, Rudolstadt, approx.  south.

References

Other websites 
 A traveller's review of Jena
 The University's website 
 University of Applied Science Jena website

Other websites

 
Urban Districts of Thuringia
Paderborn (, Paterboärn) is a city in the middle west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and "born", an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral.
It has about 150,338 inhabitants  and a university.

Paderborn has a football club in the first men's league in Germany (SC Paderborn 07) and a basketball team in the 2nd German league (Paderborn Baskets).

Pope John Paul II visited Paderborn in 1996 and Pope Leo III visited Paderborn in 799.

Paderborn has got a very big cathedral. It was built by Charlemagne ("Karl der Große").

References

Other websites

Paderborn (district)
Darmstadt is a city in Germany, in the state of Hesse. It has about 140,000 inhabitants and a university. The chemical element named darmstadtium is named after the city.

References

Other websites 

 Official site of the city of Darmstadt (German, English)
 Darmstadt on Wikivoyage
 Mathildenhoehe
 Details of Trams and Buses used in Darmstadt
 Public Transport in Darmstadt - Maps, Timetables, Fares
 War memorials in Darmstadt
Kassel is a city in Germany, in the state of Hessen.

It has about 195,000 inhabitants and a university.

Every 5 years there is an international arts exhibition documenta in Kassel. The best football team KSV Hessen Kassel plays in the Regionalliga, the fourth Division in Germany.

References
His Holiness (short form "HH") is the official title to address (name) a leader of a religion. Catholics refer to the Pope using this style, while Buddhists use this when talking about the Tibetan Lamaist leader, the Dalai Lama.

Religious leaders
Cottbus (Low Sorbian: Chóśebuz, Upper Sorbian: Choćebuz) is a city in the east of Germany, in the state of Brandenburg.
Cottbus has about 105,000 inhabitants and is the second largest city after Potsdam in Brandenburg. It lies southeast of Berlin on the River Spree. There are two universities, the Brandenburgische Technische Universität (BTU) and the Hochschule Lausitz.

Boroughs of Cottbus 
 (1) Mitte (Srjejź)
 (2) Neu und Alt Schmellwitz
 (3) Sandow (Žandow)
 (4) Spremberger Vorstadt
 (5) Ströbitz (Strobice)
 (6) Sielow (Žylow)
 (7) Saspow (Zaspy)
 (8) Merzdorf (Žylowk)
 (9) Dissenchen (Dešank)
 (10) Branitz (Rogeńc)
 (11) Madlow (Modłej)
 (12) Sachsendorf (Knorawa)
 (13) Döbbrick (Depsk)
 (14) Skadow (Škodow)
 (15) Willmersdorf (Rogozno)
 (16) Kahren (Korjeń)
 (17) Kiekebusch (Kibuš)
 (18) Gallinchen (Gołynk)
 (19) Groß Gaglow (Gogolow)

References

Other websites

 

Urban districts of Brandenburg
Mönchengladbach (Low Franconian: Jlabbach, Jelabbach) is a city in the very west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is 35 km from Düsseldorf and 15 km from the Netherlands away.
It has about 260,000 inhabitants and a well-known soccer team, Borussia Mönchengladbach.

References 

Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf
Regensburg (German pronunciation: [ʁɛ:gənsbʊɐ̯k]; Czech: Řezno, Austro-Bavarian: [ʁɛŋsbʊɐ̯k]; Rengschburg or Rengschbuach [ʁɛŋsbʊax]) is a city in the south of Germany, in the east of the state of Bavaria.
It has about 138,000 inhabitants and a university.

Important people from Regensburg
Konrad of Megenberg died in the city in 1374.

References
Mannheim (;  or ) is a city in the southwest of Germany. It is in the northwest of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

The city was built in the Rhine River valley where the Rhine and the Neckar Rivers meet. The city of Ludwigshafen is on the opposite bank of the Rhine. Mannheim and Ludwigshafen together with Heidelberg and other cities make a big area called "Rhine-Neckar-Area" or "Rhein-Neckar Triangle". Nearly 2.4 million people live in this area.

As of 2020, 309,720 people live in the city. Mannheim is the biggest city in "Rhine-Neckar-Area". It has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Mannheim has universities. The city has a history of important transport inventions. The first automobile, tractor and bicycle (draisine or velocipede, as the earliest recognisable bicycles were called) were all made or presented for the first time in Mannheim. This is why the city is also called the "city of inventions". The Forbes magazine ranked Mannheim 11th of the most inventive cities worldwide.

During World War II almost all of the old city was destroyed. The houses were built again after the war. Year 2007 was the city's 400th birthday.

Mannheim is now an important city because of its business power and culture. The New Economy Magazine praised Mannheim's positive economic and innovative environment.

It has very good transport connections, by road, rail and water.
Demographics
The following list shows significant groups of foreigners by nationalities. 44,7% of all Mannheim inhabitants are from foreign descent. The population of Neckarstadt-West district is the most foreign (68.9%). The population of the Wallstadt district is the least foreign (23,1%).

Inventions made in Mannheim

Economy 
Mannheim had a gross domestic product (GDP) of €20.921 billion in 2018. This makes it 17th on the list of German cities by GDP.

It is the economic centre of the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region. This is one of Germany's most important business locations.

Sister cities

Mannheim is twinned with:
  Bydgoszcz, Poland
  Chişinău, Moldova
  Haifa, Israel
  Klaipėda, Lithuania
  Swansea, Wales
  Toulon, France
  Ulan Ude, Russia
  Windsor, Canada
  Zhenjiang, China

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Official website
 Official tourism website
 
 Literature from and about Mannheim in the German National Library
 Parks in Mannheim
 Mannheim in Britannica.com
 U.S. Army Garrison Mannheim homepage
 The Mannheim Heritage of World Cultures
Kaiserslautern (; ) is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It has about 100,000 inhabitants, a university and a well-known soccer team.

References

Other websites

Cities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Dordrecht is a city in the Netherlands, in the province South Holland.

Dordrecht was founded in 1047 and got its City Rights in 1220. It was the first city in the west of the Netherlands to get City Rights.
In 1572 the Dutch Dukes under Willem van Oranien declared their independence from Spain in Dordrecht.

Dordrecht has about 120,000 inhabitants. It has a marine harbor, metal and food industry.

 
11th-century establishments in Europe
's-Hertogenbosch () is a municipality in the Netherlands, and also the capital of the province of North Brabant. It is in the southern Netherlands,  south of Amsterdam.

In 2015, Maasdonk became a part to 's-Hertogenbosch.

References

Notes

Other websites 

 The official site of 's-Hertogenbosch
 Municipality of 's-Hertogenbosch
 Map of 's-Hertogenbosch
Razorlight are an Anglo-Swedish indie rock band. They formed in 2002. 

Razorlight are best known for the songs Golden Touch, Somewhere Else and In the Morning.

Band Members

Johnny Borrell
Björn Ågren
Carl Dalemo
Andy Burrows

English rock bands
English punk bands
indie rock bands
Gran Canaria is one of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
The capital and biggest city is Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in the north of the island. Economical centre (tourism) of the island is in the south. Gran Canaria is the second most populous island of the Canary Islands, after Tenerife.

Gran Canaria lives - like most of the Canary Islands - mainly on tourism, although Las Palmas does have one of the most important ports in the Atlantic.
The touristic centres Maspalomas and Playa del Ingles in the south are especially popular. 
The climate varies very little through the year. Gran Canaria is very popular for its party tourism. 

The international airport is farther north.

The administration of the Canary Islands is shared between Tenerife and Gran Canaria.

Biosphere reserves
Islands of the Canary Islands
Bremerhaven (Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Bremen. It is where the rivers Weser and Geeste meet.

Bremerhaven has more than 115,000 people. It lives mostly on its marine industry. The city was founded in 1827.

A city called Geestemünde was founded in 1847 as a "rival" of Bremerhaven. Some villages around Bremerhaven are older.
Geestemünde and Lehe were joined together in 1927 to Wesermünde. Wesermünde and Bremerhaven were unified in 1939 to Wesermünde. After the Second World War the city was called Bremerhaven.

Bremerhaven was one of the important harbours of emigration in Europe. In 2005 a museum of emigration opened in Bremerhaven (the "Deutsches Auswanderhaus").

Bremerhaven has a railway station Bremerhaven Hauptbahnhof that opened in 1914. It was in Geestemünde in 1862. It was the first railway station in the area.

Bremerhaven has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).

References

Other websites 
 English website for tourists
Jamie Oliver   MBE (James Trevor Oliver, born 27 May 1975) is a British celebrity chef, restaurateur, and media personality. He is known for his television shows, cookbooks and restaurants. He has highlighted the need for improved cooking in schools and hospitals.

Early life 
Oliver was born in the village of Clavering in Essex, where he still lives. His parents run a bar/restaurant where he practised cooking as a youngster.

He was educated in Newport Free Grammar School. He graduated at the age of sixteen with two GCSE qualifications in geology and art. He went on to attend the Westminster Catering College, which is now known as the Westminster Kingsway College. From there he earned what is known as a City & Guilds NVQ (National Vocational Qualification) in home economics.
Career 
Oliver’s first job was a pastry chef at Antonio Carluccio’s Neal’s Yard Restaurant, where he prepared his first Italian cuisine therefore gaining good, helpful experience. He also developed a great relationship with his mentor Gennaro Contaldo. Later on in his career, he offered Contaldo an employment where he could help run Oliver’s thriving selection of High Street restaurants, Jamie’s Italian. Then Oliver became a sous chef of The River Café in Fulham.

School 'dinners' 
In 2005, Oliver started his 'school dinners' campaign to improve the quality of food fed to pupils in schools. At the time it was a controversial shake-up for students and parents, Many of whom preferred food from fast food outlets ("junk food"). Some thought the students should have a healthy option available, but still be allowed to choose what they wanted to eat.
In a four-part documentary TV series Oliver ran the kitchen meals in Kidbrooke School, Greenwich, for a year. He was disgusted by the unhealthy food being served to schoolchildren, and the lack of healthy alternatives on offer. His campaign to improve the standard of Britain’s school meals eventually persuaded the British Government to spend £280m on school dinners.

References

Other websites 
 Jamie Oliver Website in Spanish

1975 births
Living people
British chefs
English television presenters
Television personalities from Essex
People with dyslexia
Neuss (Low Franconian and Ripuarian: Nüüs, (; officially apelled Neuß until 1968) is a city in the west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In the local dialect it is called Nüss or Neuß. Neuss has about 150,000 inhabitants. It is on the Rhine, across from the big city of Düsseldorf.

Neuss was founded by the Romans about 2,000 years ago. The Romans called the town Castra Novesia.

References

Other websites

Rhein-Kreis Neuss
Oberhausen (Ripuarian: Ovverhouse, Low German: Owerhuusen, Overhus)  is a city in Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr Area. Oberhausen has about 220,000 inhabitants. It was dominated by industry like most towns in the Ruhr Area. The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen.

References 

Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf
Gießen or Giessen is a city in the German state of Hesse.

It is  north of Frankfurt. Giessen has about
73,000 inhabitants. The university of Giessen has about 20,000 students.

The German word "Giessen" means "to pour" in English, as "to pour a glass of water." The city is on the banks of the Lahn River, and it is surrounded by many lakes and streams.
People from Giessen
 Justus von Liebig (1803-1873), Chemist, Professor. The official name of the University of Giessen is named Justus Liebig University.
 Fritz Heichelheim
 Demis Nikolaidis
 Martin Gindler, an important piano player. Has lived in North Carolina but currently resides in the Netherlands.
 Samuel Adler, a well known rabbi in the United States, attended the University of Giessen[1]
 Wilhelm Liebknecht, founder of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, was born on 29 March 1826 in Giessen.
 Friedrich Kellner (1885-1970) was Chief Justice Inspector of Laubach, where he wrote the Friedrich Kellner Diary. He was also Chief Regional Auditor in Giessen. The University of Giessen has established the Kellner Project.
 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was professor of physics from 1879 until 1888 at the university of Giessen. After his death in 1923 his body was buried at the "Alte Friedhof".

Education
Universities in Gießen are the University of Gießen and the University of Applied Sciences Gießen-Friedberg
References

Other websites

Giessen (district)
Ludwigshafen am Rhein (literally: Ludwigshafen on the Rhine), commonly referred to as Ludwigshafen, is a City in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. and to Mannheim the second largest city of the Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar.

Ludwigshafen is independent of the local district government, but is administrative seat of the surrounding district.

Geography 
Ludwigshafen lies on the westbank of the Rhine River. 

As one of the five upper centers of the country Rhineland-Palatinate Ludwigshafen forms the core of the European Metropolregion Rhine Neckar triangle together with its neighbour city of Baden-Wuerttemberg Mannheim. Further nearer-lying large cities are Heidelberg (about 25 km southeast), Karlsruhe (about 50 km south) and Mainz (about 60 km north).

Population 
The number of people of the city of Ludwigshafen on the Rhine exceeded the 100,000 by the year 1925. Nowadays it has about 160,000 people, who lives mostly on the chemical industry.
Sister cities 
  Pasadena (United States), since 1948
  Lorient (France), since 1963
  Havering (England), since 1971
  Sumqayıt (Azerbaijan), since 1987
  Dessau (Germany), 1988
  Antwerpen (Belgium), since 1999

References

Other websites 

 Official City Website
 Ludwigshafener Kongress- und Marketing-Gesellschaft mbH 
 BASF Website
Krefeld (until November 25, 1925 - Crefeld) is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, near Düsseldorf.

Krefeld has about 235,000 inhabitants.

References 

Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf
Zwickau (Thurginian-Upper Saxon dialect: Zwigge) is a city in the German state of Saxony. It has fewer than 100,000 inhabitants.

References

Other websites

Zwickau Rural District
Anton Praetorius (1560 in Lippstadt – 6 December 1613 near Heidelberg) was a German Calvinist pastor, theologian and writer.

Life and writings 
 
Anton Praetorius was the son of Matthes Schulze. He later changed his name to Praetorius. 
Praetorius wrote a poem about the Heidelberg Wine Barrel in the Heidelberg Castle in city of Heidelberg in October 1595.

In 1596 he worked as a pastor in the church in Birstein near Frankfurt am Main in Hesse. There Praetorius worked for a prince and wrote church songs and books of religion in the year 1597.

Fight against the chase of witches

Praetorius fought against torture and against the hunting of witches. Some women were accused of being witches. People thought that witches can do harm to others. So these women were arrested and put in prison.

In 1597 Anton Praetorius protested against the torture of women accused of witchcraft.

Praetorius was so shocked about the torture of the accused woman that he demanded a stop. His protest was successful.
In 1598 he wrote a book to protest against torture and the prosecution of witches. The book was published again in 1602, 1613 and in 1629. Praetorius described the terrible situation of the prisoners and protested against torture.

Theological argument against witchcraft
Praetorius was a Protestant minister. He believed that man can do either good or bad things. However, God chooses certain people to do certain things. Those things can be good or bad. According to Praetorius, witchcraft can only be a fall from the favour of God, and a pact with the devil. But, neither the devil nor sorcerers can do more than is in their nature (and predestination). God will punish those who are witches or sorcerers. This however, does not give human courts a right to put those to death, they believe are guilty of the crime of witchcraft. For Praetorius, witchcraft cannot exist, because it is beyond the faculties of either man or the devil. It is also against Nature.

Bibliography (in German)
Hartmut Hegeler: Anton Praetorius, Kämpfer gegen Hexenprozesse und Folter, (fighter against the persecution of witches and against torture) Unna, 2002
 Hartmut Hegeler und Stefan Wiltschko: Anton Praetorius und das 1. Große Fass von Heidelberg, (the 1. Great Wine Barrel in the Castle of Heidelberg) Unna, 2003
 Anton Praetorius, De Sacrosanctis Sacramentis novi foederis Jesu Christi, Eine reformatorische Sakramentenlehre von 1602 über die hochheiligen Sakramente des Neuen Bundes Jesu Christi (teachings about the sacraments) Lateinische Originalschrift (the original writing in Latin with a translation into German, translated by Burghard Schmanck), herausgegeben und übersetzt von Burghard Schmanck, Bautz Verlag, Nordhausen 2010,
Other websites 
 http://www.bautz.de (Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, Verlag Traugott Bautz)
 http://www.anton-praetorius.de   biography and literature about Anton Praetorius
 http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Ecd2/drw/F3/praetor/o02wid.htm  reprinted text of the "Bericht" of Praetorius 1613
 http://www.theology.de/praetorius.htm    Biography including coulored pictures
 http://news.genealog.de/rheinhessen/dittelsheim-hessloch/anton-praetorius-teil1.shtml  Praetorius as pastor in Dittelsheim (with pictures)
 http://www.sfn.uni-muenchen.de/hexenverfolgung/art784.htm   biography
 http://141.48.65.178/hd/content/titleinfo/281386   (Latin text of De Sacrosanctis Sacramentis, 1602, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt)

1560 births
1613 deaths
Calvinists
German Christian clergy
German Protestants
German theologians
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Hagen is a city in the Arnsberg Government Region in the Ruhr area in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

Population 
It has about 196,000 inhabitants.

Boroughs 

Some localities of Hagen:
 Hagen-Dahl
 Hagen-Emst
 Hagen-Priorei
 Hagen-Rummenohl
 Hagen-Halden

References

Other websites

Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg
Hamm () is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of the Arnsberg Government Region

About 185,000 people live there.

References

Other websites

Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg
Herne is a German city, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area. It is part of the Arnsberg Government Region

It has about 170,000 inhabitants.

References 
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg
Mülheim an der Ruhr (Low German and Low Franconian: Mölm, Ripuarian: Müllem) is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area.
Around 170,000 people live there.

References 

Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf
Solingen is a city in Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is near Düsseldorf and Wuppertal.

Solingen has about 165,000 inhabitants.

In 1993, five Turks were killed in an arson attack.

References
Europa is a large moon of the planet Jupiter. It is a little smaller than Earth's Moon and it is the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System.

Europa's diameter is about 3000 kilometers. It probably has an iron core, and a thin atmosphere of mostly oxygen. The surface is icy and very smooth. There are not a lot of craters, but there are some cracks and lines. 

Scientists believe that there is a liquid ocean under the surface, and that it is kept warm by tidal heating. In other words, heat from tidal flexing (Jupiter's strong gravitational pull on Europa) makes it warm. Europa certainly has a lot of water. 

The moon Europa was found by Simon Marius in December 1609. Galileo Galilei first saw the moon in January 1610 (he did not know Marius had found it). Simon Marius was the one who had the idea of the name 'Europa'.

Europa is named after a princess from Greek mythology who became the first queen of Crete.

References 

Notes

Other websites 
 Europa 

Jupiter's moons
Keane are an English rock band. They started in East Sussex. They are known for using pianos and their little use of guitars in their music. They listen to artists like The Beatles, U2 and Oasis.

Tim Rice-Oxley and Dom Scott composed the songs that the band played from 1997 to 2001. When Dom left in 2001, Tim composed all the future songs.

History

Beginning (1995 - 2003)
Pianist Tim Rice-Oxley and singer Tom Chaplin were friends since they were kids. Rice-Oxley's brother was born on the same day and hospital in 1979.

They studied at Vinehall School and later at Tonbridge School. There, they met the other member of the band, Richard Hughes.
Tim made the band in 1995 with his friend Dominic Scott. They named the band "The Lotus Eaters". They changed their name to "Cherry Keane" in 1997, when Chaplin entered the band. Cherry Keane was a woman who served tea at Tim and Tom's school. The name changed again to "Keane". In an interview on 2006, Rice-Oxley said that the band was called Coldplay, but he gave this name to a friend (Chris Martin, of Coldplay).

Keane began playing songs by other artists, but soon they wanted to play their own songs.
Their first live performance (gig) was in 1998, at the "Hope & Anchor" pub (bar) in England.

They made 2 CDs and sold at the pubs where they played. Scott left the band in 2001. Tim wrote "Everybody's Changing" for this.

In December 2002, Simon Williams of Fierce Panda went to a Keane gig in and he offered to make the band's next and first commercial single (song), "Everybody's Changing".
The single was released on 2003.

Hopes and Fears (2003 - 2006)
After another single, in 2004, Island Records invited Keane to make a single with them. "Everybody's Changing" was made after "Somewhere Only We Know". An album was released in May and called "Hopes And Fears". The album was very successful and it was the second best-seller album of the year.

The album sold five million (5,000,000) copies. In 2006, they competed for a Grammy but they lost.

Under the Iron Sea (2005 - 2006)

Keane began recording their second album, "Under the Iron Sea", in 2005, with producer Andy Green.

The first two singles from the album were "Atlantic" and "Is It Any Wonder?". Now, the album has sold one million (2,000,000) copies in the world.
Perfect Symmetry (2008)
Their third album is called Perfect Symmetry produced with Island Records. It was released 13 October 2008 to favourable reviews. According to international Island Records manager, Jon Turner, "the general international feel is of excitement and 'Spiralling' is a favourite track of the US company.". The album included the singles "Spiralling", "The Lovers Are Losing", "Perfect Symmetry" and "Better Than This".

Strangeland (2011-2012)
The band's fourth album was released in May 2012 through Island Records. It went straight to No.1 in the UK Albums Chart. It included the singles "Silenced By The Night", "Disconnected", "Sovereign Light Cafe" and "Black Rain". The album cover is photographed in Bexhill-On-Sea in East Sussex, which is where the Sovereign Light Cafe is located and where the video for "Sovereign Light Cafe" was filmed.
Cause & Effect (2018-2019) 
The band's fifth album after a five-year hiatus released on September 20th 2019. The band got together in 2018 and started to work on a new album after Rice-Oxley had been through a divorce and Chaplin had been through therapy for addiction. It included the singles "The Way I Feel", "Love Too Much" and "Stupid Things". It reached number 2 in the charts.

Equipment list
This is a list of Keane's equipment.
 Piano:
 Yamaha CP70B Electric piano
 Yamaha CP70M Electric piano
 Synthesizers:
 Rhodes Suitcase Piano
 Nord Lead 3
 Yamaha CP60M
 Bass:
 Fender Precision Bass
 Fender Jazz
 Yamaha CP35 Bass synthesizer
 Yamaha DX-7 synthesizer
 Organs:
 Hammond XK2
 Drums:
 Yamaha Maple Custom "Absolute Nouveau"
 Microphones:
 Sennheiser e602s/e604s/e935s/421
 Shure Beta 57/91
 Other:
 Apple PowerBook G4 Titanium
 Apple PowerMac G5

Members
Members

 Tim Rice-Oxley - piano, bass, keyboards, backing singer
 Tom Chaplin - singer, live keyboards, organ
 Richard Hughes - drums
 Dominic Scott - guitar, keyboard (left in 2001)

Discography
Keane releases:

Singles (songs)
 "Call Me What You Like" (1996)
 "Wolf At The Door" (1997)
 "Everybody's Changing" (1999)
 "This Is The Last Time" (1999)
 "Somewhere Only We Know" (2000)
 "Everybody's Changing" (2000) (made again)
 "Bedshaped" (2000)
 "This Is the Last Time" (2000) (made again)
 "Bend and Break" (2001)
 "Atlantic" (2002)
 "Is It Any Wonder?" (2002)
 "Crystal Ball" (2002)
 "Try Again" (2003)
 "A Bad Dream" (2003)
 "The Night Sky" (2003)
 "Spiralling" (2004)
 "The Lovers Are Losing" (2004)
 "Better Than This" (2005)

Albums
 Hopes and Fears (2004)
 EP Live Recordings 2004 (2005) (concert album)
 Under the Iron Sea (2006)
 Keane Live 06 (concert album)
 Perfect Symmetry (2008)
 Strangeland (2012)
Awards
Keane have won the following awards:
 Brit Award for New Artist
 Brit Award for Best Album
 Premios Onda for Best International Band
 Q Magazine for Best Album
 Ivor Novello for Best Composer (Tim Rice-OXley)

References

Other websites

Sites
 Official site
 Lyrics, official FAQ and tabs

1995 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English rock bands
 
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical quartets
New wave bands
People from East Sussex
Timothy James Rice-Oxley (born 2 June 1976, in Oxford, England) is an English musician. He is the pianist of rock band Keane. He plays piano and bass. He also writes the songs for the band.

Early life 
He took piano lessons which he hated. This because he had to play classic music and he thought it was boring. Later, he began playing the piano listening to The Beatles. In 2004, he won the Ivor Novello award for Best composer of the year.

In 1995, his friend Dominic Scott told him to make a band. The band was called "The Lotus Eaters". They asked Richard Hughes to play the drums. Tom Chaplin would play bass. Rice-Oxley and Chaplin had been friends since they were children. In 1997, Rice-Oxley asked Chaplin to sing. The band changed its name to "Keane". When Scott left the band in 2001, Rice-Oxley started playing piano again and recording bass separately. He still does that.

Rice-Oxley married in February 2005.
Equipment list
Complete list: Equipment list
Yamaha CP70 (Piano)
Nord Lead 3 (Synthesizer)
Fender Precision (Bass)
Apple Computer PowerBook G4
Apple PowerMac G5

References

Other websites 
 Nezz-Media! - Dedicated to Keane

1976 births
Living people
english pianists
English guitarists
English rock musicians
Keane (band)
Musicians from Oxfordshire
People from Oxford
Thomas "Tom" Oliver Chaplin (born 8 March 1979) is the singer of the rock band Keane. He comes from Battle, East Sussex.

He went to Tonbridge school with his friend Tim Rice-Oxley. There they met Richard Hughes and Dominic Scott. He was invited to join the band in 1997, when the name "The Lotus Eaters" was changed to "Cherry Keane".

When the band moved to London trying to get a record deal, Tom left his Art History studies at the Edinburgh University in 1999 to join the band. With Scott in the band as the lead guitarist, Tom played the acoustic guitar. After Scott left in 2001, he took the lead vocals, but also plays the keyboard on some songs. Since Scott left, the band has not used guitars, with their first album using only keyboards, drums and vocals.

Chaplin also took part in Band Aid 20's re-recording of Do They Know It's Christmas in November 2004.

1979 births
Living people
English singers
Keane (band)
Musicians from Sussex
People from East Sussex
Nowadays he has two solo albuns (2017's The Wave and Twelve Tales of Christmas), and made a tour around the world, specially in Britain and Europe. The first tour was about he launched The Wave. And, the second, with the album Twelve Tales of Christmas.

Tom rejoined Keane in 2018/2019 and in September 2019 they released their 5th Studio album, Cause and Effect, which toured Europe, USA and Latin America throughout 2019.

During such tour, Tom opened up during interviews about overcoming cocaine addiction and Tim Rice-Oxley family misfortunes that led the songwriter to compose the album songs and approaching Tom in the Christmas of 2018.

He has a child called Freya with his wife Nat; she is four years old.
"Somewhere Only We Know" is a song by English band Keane. It is their third single. The song is played using a piano, drums and bass. The song was the first single from the album Hopes and Fears. The single was very popular in the United Kingdom and world wide.

Composition and recording 
"Somewhere Only We Know" was composed by Tim Rice-Oxley in 2001. 

The song was first played on the guitar, just before Dominic Scott left the band. It was recorded as a demo the same year with piano instead of the guitar. Keane recorded the final version in 2003 at the Helioscentric Studios, East Sussex for the album.

Keane played this song at the historical concert Live 8 in London.

Information of songs
Somewhere Only We Know 
The drummer for Keane, Richard Hughes, said that the band had been asked if the song was about a place. He said that Rice-Oxley had said that to the members of the band it might be about a place or a feeling. He also said that the song can mean something to each person and each person can relate the song to their own memories. He felt that the song was more of a theme than being about any single place or time.
Look at the interview for this song, the place that only we know is when friends get High together.

The song is related to trees:
 The three different music videos show Keane in a forest.
 Images used when the band performs the song live include pictures of a forest.
 The cover of the single has leaves falling.
 One promo single had a burning tree.
 "Snowed Under" b-side mentions "Manser's Shaw", a forest area in Battle, East Sussex.
 "Walnut Tree" b-side mentions a tree.
B-sides 
"Somewhere Only We Know" has been released two times as a single. Each time it had a different b-side.

Walnut Tree 
The lyrics of "Walnut Tree" talk about waiting for someone or something. Rice-Oxley has not talked about a real meaning to this. The song appeared on the "Music from the OC: Mix 2" soundtrack.

Snowed Under 
"Snowed Under" talks about a place called "Manser's Shaw". This is a place where the band used to spent their days. It was inspired by a poem
"Snowed Under" was the only b-side played live during 2004, 2005 and early 2006.

Track listings 
CD Single CID849
 "Somewhere Only We Know"
 "Walnut Tree" 
 "Snowed Under"
 "Somewhere Only We Know" (CD-ROM Video)

UK 7" Vinyl IS849
 "Somewhere Only We Know"
 "Snowed Under"

Other versions 
Germany CD Single
Released March 26 2004
 Somewhere Only We Know
 Snowed Under

Spain CD Single
Released April 16 2004
 Somewhere Only We Know
 Walnut Tree
 Somewhere Only We Know (Video)
UK, 3" Pocket CD
Released July 19 2004
 Somewhere Only We Know
 Snowed Under
 Somewhere Only We Know (Polyphonic ringtone)
 Snowed Under (Polyphonic ringtone)
 Somewhere Only We Know (Truetone)
 Snowed Under (Truetone)

Cover versions and TV 
The song has been covered by:
 Natasha Bedingfield (Jo Whiley's Radio 1 programme).
 Lifehouse
 Laura Michelle Kelly
 Travis (After Mark and Lard Show)

It has appeared on:
 The Movie The Lake House
 The television programme Pimp My Ride
 A Victoria's Secret commercial
 The Ashlee Simpson Show"
 Grey's Anatomy The movie trailer for Finding Neverland An episode of Doctor Who Confidential in 2005
 The movie trailer forWinnie the Pooh'' in 2010
 An episode of The Blacklist

Music videos 
There are three music videos for this song:

International version 
Keane comes out of a studio and takes a taxi. Then they come across a forest where the "simple thing" aliens live. Each alien represents the spirit of a tree. The video was directed by Colin Hardy.
United States version 1 
The video is the same without the "simple thing" aliens

United States version 2 
This video was made in May 29 2004 in Hollywood, California. It was directed by The Saline Project.

References 

2004 songs
Keane (band) songs
Under the Iron Sea is the second album by rock band Keane. It was launched in June 2006.

There is a version with a bonus DVD. This includes videos and demo versions of songs.

The title of the album comes from the phrase "I lost my heart. I buried it too deep under the iron sea," of the eighth (8th) song, "Crystal Ball".

In its first week sold 222,297 copies. It was #1 in UK and #4 in US.

The album had sold 1,000,000 copies to date.

Song list 
 All tracks written by Tim Rice-Oxley, Tom Chaplin, and Richard Hughes.
 "Atlantic" (4:13)
 "Is It Any Wonder?" (3:08)
 "Nothing In My Way" (4:02)
 "Leaving So Soon?" (3:58)
 "A Bad Dream" (5:04)
 "Hamburg Song" (4:37)
 "Put It Behind You" (3:35)
 "The Iron Sea" (2:57)
 "Crystal Ball" (3:53)
 "Try Again" (4:26)
 "Broken Toy" (6:07)
 "The Frog Prince" (4:21)

Note: Some editions combine "The Iron Sea" with "Put It Behind You," with a length of 6:33.

Charts
Charts

General charts 
 United Kingdom: #1
 United States: #4
 Canada: #7
 Ireland: #1
 Switzerland: #2
 Holland: #1
 Germany: #3
 Portugal: #3
 Norway: #3
 Mexico: #3
 Denmark: #5
 'India': #8

Related pages
 List of songs by Keane

Other websites 
 Official Site
 Austrian Fansite 
 Fansite
 French Fansite
 Link to download a UTIS fan-made font 

2006 albums
Keane (band)
Island Records albums
Rock albums
This is a list of songs of Keane. Keane is a rock band from England.
The songs are divided for easy consult.

Unknown songs
These old songs were written by Keane. They have not been heard as there are no recordings from them. They are known because the band had mentioned them.
11th Hour Blues
All I Was
Captain Planet
Duncan Elliot
Gingerbread
High Time
If Not You
I'll Live in Fear
Innes' Song
In the Light
Less in More
Melodrama
Morsel
Mr. Caravan
Nagasaki Summer
Pot of Gold
Start the Car
The Silence of an Alien
Wonderful River

Unreleased songs
These songs were not released but they are known for recordings. These recordings are on the internet.
A Heart to Hold You
Emily
Maps
More Matey
New One
The Happy Soldier

Singles
These songs had been recorded on CD Singles.
Atlantic
Bedshaped
Bend and Break
Call Me What You Like
Crystal Ball
Everybody's Changing
Is It Any Wonder?
Somewhere Only We Know
This Is the Last Time
Wolf at the Door
The Night Sky
On a Day Like Today
B-Sides not released on albums
A b-side is a song included with a single on its CD.
Allemande
Call Me What You Like
Closer Now
Fly to Me
He Used to Be a Lovely Boy
Maybe I Can Change
Rubbernecking
She Opens Her Eyes
Snowed Under
Something in Me Was Dying
The Way You Want It
Thin Air
To the End of the Earth
Tyderian
Untitled 2
Walnut Tree
Wolf at the Door (Released as a single but not included in any album)

Hopes and Fears
This is Keane's first album.
Somewhere Only We Know
This Is the Last Time
Bend and Break
We Might as Well Be Strangers
Everybody's Changing
Your Eyes Open
She Has No Time
Can't Stop Now
Sunshine
Untitled 1
Bedshaped

Under the Iron Sea
This is Keane's second (2nd) album
A Bad Dream
Broken Toy
Hamburg Song
Leaving So Soon?
Nothing in My Way
Put It Behind You
The Frog Prince
The Iron Sea
Try Again
Let It Slide
Perfect Symmetry
This is Keane's third (3rd) album
Spiralling
The Lovers Are Losing
Better Than This
You Haven't Told Me Anything
Perfect Symmetry
You Don't See Me
Again and Again
Playing Along
Pretend That You're Alone
Black Burning Heart
Love Is the End

Songs not yet released
These songs have not been released. In the future they will.
All Your Days
Any Human Heart
Back in Time
Barcelona Song (Crystal Ball)
Golden Light
If You Feel Bad / Bitter Pill
Love Actually
You Might Be Smiling Now