Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The triceps brachii muscle is a muscle on the back of the upper arm.  There are three parts that each come from different places at the top of the arm and join together at the elbow. It straightens the arm. The name is Latin for "three-headed muscle in the arm".

Structure
The triceps brachii has three heads. They are: the long head, medial (inside) head, and the lateral (outside) head.The long head comes from the shoulderblade. It goes down the arm between teres minor muscle and teres major muscle.

The medial head and lateral heads comes from the humerus (upper arm bone).

The medial head is mostly made of small, slow muscle fibers and motor units. The lateral head is mostly made of large, fast fibers and motor units. The long head is made of a mixture of fiber types and motor units. Some scientists think that each of the three parts can be thought of as separate muscles.

The fibers join to a single tendon to attach to the ulna bone. Some research found that there might be more than one tendon.
Nerve supply
Scientists used to think that all three heads of the triceps brachii got nerve signals from the radial nerve. However, a study found that, in 20 cadaveric (dead) bodies and 15 live people, the long head actually got nerve signals from part of the axillary nerve in every case.

Function
The triceps straightens the elbow pulls against the biceps and brachialis muscles. It can also hold the elbow in place when the forearm and hand are used for small movements, like writing.The long head might be used when the same force is needed for a long time, or to help control shoulder and elbow movement. The lateral head is used when a lot of force is needed at once, while the medial part is used for more careful movement.

The long head also moves shoulder joint, bringing the arm backwards or inwards.

Training

The triceps can be trained by itself or together with other muscles by straightening the elbow or keeping it straight while holding something.
Name
The name triceps brachii is Latin for three-headed. It is called this because there are three parts of the muscle. The triceps brachii is commonly just called the triceps.

The plural of triceps used to be tricipites, but now people usually say triceps to mean both singular and plural.

Animals
In horses, the long head is about 84% of the weight of the triceps, the lateral head is about 15%, and the medial head is about 3%.

Many mammals, like dogs, cows, and pigs, have a fourth triceps head, called the accessory head. It is between the lateral and medial heads.

Additional images

References

Other websites

 
 Photo  at Ithaca College

Muscles
Limbs and extremities
A Touch of Class (also known as ATC) was a pop group based in Germany. It had four members. They each came from different countries— Joseph "Joey" Murray from New Zealand, Livio Salvi from Italy, Sarah Egglestone from Australia and Tracey Packham from the United Kingdom. The group was active from 1998 to 2003.

They were most popular after the release of their first single, "Around The World (La La La La La)", in 2000. This song was an English version of the song "Pesenka" by Ruki Vverh! It was first released on 9 May 2000. It charted at #1 in Germany for six weeks. It was later a Top 40 hit in the United Kingdom and United States. The song was in a television commercial for General Electric in early 2002. Similar-sounding songs were successful in parts of Europe, but A Touch of Class are mainly remembered for this first hit.
Their first album was Planet Pop. It was released on 6 February 2001 by Sony BMG Music Entertainment and Republic Records. Their second album was Touch The Sky. It was not very successful. The group broke up in mid-2003.

References

1998 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Germany
2003 disestablishments in Europe
2000s disestablishments in Germany
1990s German music groups
2000s German music groups
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups disestablished in 2003
German pop music groups
People from Hamburg
This is a list of castles and fortresses in Azerbaijan.

List

Other websites
 
 Historical monuments Azerbaijans.com 

Azerbaijan
Castles
Archaeological sites in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan-related lists
Civil War Journal is an American television series on The History Channel. It was shown from 1993 to 1998. There was only one season.

1993 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
Roaring Spring is a borough in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It had 2,585 people living there at the 2010 census. It is part of the Altoona Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Roaring Spring is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.

A post office called Roaring Spring was established in 1849, and operated until 1909. It is named after a nearby cave spring which produced a roar.

References

Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
Trigg County, Kentucky
Roaring Spring may refer to:

Roaring Spring, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in Trigg County
Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania, a borough in Blair County
A tensor is a mathematical object. Tensors provide a mathematical framework for solving physics problems in areas such as elasticity, fluid mechanics and general relativity. The word tensor comes from the Latin word tendere meaning "to stretch".

A tensor of order zero (zeroth-order tensor) is a scalar (simple number). A tensor of order one (first-order tensor) is a linear map that maps every vector into a scalar. A vector is a tensor of order one. A tensor of order two (second-order tensor) is a linear map that maps every vector into a vector (e.g. a matrix).

In linear algebra, the tensor product of two vector spaces  and , ,  is itself a vector space. It is a way of creating a new vector space analogous of multiplication of integers.

Related pages 

 Einstein field equations, where tensor is used

References 

Linear algebra
Geometry
Basic physics ideas
La Paz () is the capital of the La Paz Department of Honduras. It has a population of 46,264 (2015 est.).

References

Settlements in Honduras
1792 establishments
1790s establishments in North America
Kenton County is a county in Kentucky. Its county seats are Covington and Independence.

Kenton County is included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Communities

Cities

Bromley
Covington (county seat)
Crescent Springs
Crestview Hills
Edgewood
Elsmere
Erlanger
Fairview
Fort Mitchell
Fort Wright
Independence (county seat)
Kenton Vale
Lakeside Park
Ludlow
Park Hills
Ryland Heights
Taylor Mill
Villa Hills
Walton

Unincorporated communities
Atwood
Latonia
Latonia Lakes
Nicholson
Visalia

References

 
1840s establishments in Kentucky
1840 establishments in the United States
Trigg County is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,061. Its county seat is Cadiz.

References

 
1820 establishments in Kentucky
Harlan County is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,831. Its county seat is Harlan.

Communities

Cities
 Benham
 Cumberland
 Evarts
 Harlan (county seat)
 Loyall
 Lynch
 Wallins Creek

References

 
1810s establishments in Kentucky
1819 establishments in Kentucky
BBC Choice was a television channel owned by the British Broadcasting Corporation. It launched on 23 September 1998 along with the launch of digital television in the UK, there was also a launch promo featuring actress Pauline Quirke. It was replaced on 8 February 2003 by BBC Three.

BBC television channels
2003 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Kenton may refer to:

Places

Canada
Kenton, Manitoba

South Africa
Kenton-on-Sea

United Kingdom
Kenton, Devon
Kenton, London
Kenton, Newcastle upon Tyne
Kenton, Suffolk

United States
Kenton, Delaware
Kenton Hundred, an unincorporated subdivision of Kent County, Delaware
Kenton County, Kentucky
Kenton, Ohio
Kenton, Michigan
Kenton, Portland, Oregon
Kenton, Oklahoma
Kenton, Tennessee

Other uses
Kenton (surname)

Related pages
Ken-Ton, the pairing of Kenmore, New York and Tonawanda, New York
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a way to grow rice. This plan for farming may grow more rice in the same field. It uses less water, takes more work, and uses younger seedlings spaced apart. SRI calls for  hand weeding with special tools. It was started in 1983 by the French Jesuit Father Henri de Laulanié in Madagascar. Full testing and spread of the system throughout the rice growing parts of the world did not happen until some years later with the help of schools like Cornell University.

History and main ideas of SRI
Writing the plan now called SRI started in the 1960s when Fr. de Laulanie kept notes on growing rice. The SRI plan includes using less water and hand planting very young seedlings in a square. The SRI plan continues to change. Sometimes people try to use only rain for water, and sometimes people try to plant seeds instead of young plants. The main parts of SRI plan written by Cornell University, New York are:
Rice field soils are kept moist, not always full of water. Less water in the soil helps root growth and helps keep the soil full of helpful organisms.
 Rice plants are planted alone and spaced wider apart to permit roots to grow more and give every leaf more sunshine.
 Rice seedlings are planted young, less than 15 days old with just two leaves. Planting should be fast, and not hard to avoid hurting the roots and causing shock to the plants.
Spread of SRI
Thanks to Norman Uphoff, the SRI plan has spread from Madagascar to many places around the world.  Norman Uphoff was director of the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York from 1990 to 2005. In 1993, Uphoff met officers from Association Tefy Saina, the non-governmental organisation set up in Madagascar in 1990 by de Laulanie to try SRI. After trying the SRI plan for three years, Malagasy farms that made about 2 tons/hectare improved to about 8 tons/hectare. Uphoff believed the SRI plan works, and in 1997 started to tell groups in Asia about SRI. Uphoff estimates that by 2013 the number of small farms using SRI had grown to between 4 and 5 million.
Does SRI Work?
Believers and unbelievers of SRI talk about the SRI claims, and many questions about it remain unresolved. Wageningen University has also published an article discussing the problems of measuring SRI. This paper ended by saying: "Although the technical aspects of SRI have been contested, it clearly exists as a real social phenomenon".

The question now seems to be: is SRI better at making more rice and other benefits to rice farmers, such as healthier soils, when compared with older, trusted ways for growing rice?[source?]

Proponents and critics of SRI debate the claimed benefits and many questions about it remain unresolved.  Wageningen University has also published an article discussing the challenges of evaluating SRI in which one concluding sentence read: "Although the technical aspects of SRI have been contested, it clearly exists as a real social phenomenon".
The question at hand seems to be: is SRI better at delivering increased yield and other benefits to rice farmers, such as healthier soils, when compared with established recommended best management practices for rice production?

Cases of success
Believers of SRI claim it grows more rice, saves water, reduces costs, and raises income and that benefits have been achieved in 40 countries. Uphoff published an article in the International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability that states that SRI "can raise irrigated rice yields to about double the present world average without relying on external inputs, also offering environmental and equity benefits".

A special issue on SRI in the trade journal Paddy and Water Environment (not related to schools) collected recent findings in support of SRI.
In 2011 Five farmers beat the old yield record, the best was a young farmer named Sumant Kumar setting a new world record in rice yield of 22.4 tons per hectare using SRI, beating the existing world record held by the Chinese scientist Yuan Longping by 3 tons. In 2014 S Sethumadhavan from Alanganallur, India grew a record yield of nearly 24 tons of paddy rice per hectare using SRI.

Criticism
How well SRI works is still debated between believers and unbelievers of the plan. Critics of SRI say that claims of high yield in SRI are due to unscientific reporting. They object that there is a lack of details on the methodology used in trials and a lack of printed reports in the peer-reviewed literature (related to schools and universities). Some unbelievers have suggested that SRI success is unique to soil conditions in Madagascar. While unbelievers still claim this, there are over 700 articles and printed reports about SRI that are published in international scientific journals as of January 2016.
SRI picture gallery

Below is a picture gallery of SRI farming in Chhattisgarh, India:

Related pages
Organic farming

References

Other websites
SRI at Cornell University
SRI information  from the International Rice Research Institute
Rice Knowledge Bank: best management practices for rice production
SRI - much more than more rice  Farming Matters magazine, 29.1, March 2013
Krishi Usha low-cost weeder developed by Krishi Gram Vikas Kendra and Usha Martin Limited, Jharkhand 
Article on SRI from Nature
News article on SRI from the BBC
SRI: Achieving More with Less - A new way of rice cultivation from the World Bank Institute

1983 establishments
Rice
Agriculture
Toulouse School of Economics (TSE) is a school for the study of economics. The school is in Toulouse, France. It is one of the most famous research and teaching centers of economics in the world. It was created in 2006.

TSE is specialist in the fields of economics. Its President is Jean Tirole, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2014.

Former students 
 Philippe Crébassa, French aerospace engineer and businessman.
 Éloïc Peyrache, French Economist

References

Other website
 Official

Colleges and universities in France
Toulouse
2006 establishments in France
Jasmine Tookes (born February 1, 1991) is an American model.

Tookes was born and raised in Huntington Beach, California.  She did gymnastics for ten years and was active in volleyball and softball before she became a model at about the age of 15. Her mother is a celebrity fashion stylist. Tookes was discovered at one of her mother's showroom appointments.

Tookes is of  mixed ancestry. African, West Indian and her maternal grandmother is Caucasian.

Tookes' first commercial ad campaigns were in 2010 for ugg boots and Gap. Before breaking out on the international scene, she booked a Spring 2011 DKNY campaign and a layout in Vogue Italia.

In 2015, she became a Victoria's Secret Angel.

In September 2020, Tookes announced her engagement to her boyfriend of four years Juan David Borrero, director of international markets of Snap Inc and son of doctor Alfredo Borrero Vega, Vice President-elect of Ecuador.

References 

Models from California
1991 births
Living people
Paavo Johannes Nurmi (13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finnish middle- and long-distance runner. He was born in Turku. Nurmi set 22 official world records at distances between 1500 metres and 20 kilometres. He participated in the Olympic Games twelve times where he won nine gold and three silver medals.

References 

1897 births
1973 deaths

Finnish athletes
Middle-distance runners
Long-distance runners
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Finnish Olympic gold medalists
Turku
Belle is a brown haired Disney princess. She is in the Disney movie, Beauty and the Beast. She is a normal girl who loves to read and help her father. She hates the Beast till she finds out he is not a beast. He has a loving heart and was cursed by an old woman. Belle has brown eyes, brown hair, and a loving heart.

Disney characters
Codependency is a psychological condition that makes the person put the needs of others before their own. It originated to describe people in a relationship where they become care-givers to someone who has a substance abuse problem (eg an alcoholic or drug addict).

In a codependent relationship, individuals put the other person’s needs before their own, often sacrificing their own integrity and sense of self in the process. Codependency can cause a person to have an overinflated belief that they alone are responsible for affecting the beliefs, thoughts, emotions, and behaviours of those around them.

So codependency is a word used to describe a person who is excessively focused on taking care of the needs of others. This behaviour leads to them having problems in their life because they never do anything for themselves, but they exist to serve their partner. They feel guilty or ashamed whenever they do something for themselves, so they neglect themselves.
Unfortunately this means that codependent people are easy targets for abusive people, especially those who have narcissistic personality disorder. They often end up in relationships with people who have NPD, because narcissists have an extreme need for admiration, which the codependent partner is very willing to provide.

Causes of Codependency
Codependency is often thought to be a result of living with alcoholic parents or other family members who struggle with substance abuse. It is often the result of parentification, when children are not allowed to act like children, but instead have to care for other family members.{cn}}
 Codependency may begin in childhood, as children often grow up modeling behaviors after a parent who may have been codependent or in a codependent relationship.
 Codependency may also be the result of a traumatic event, whether in childhood or adulthood.
 A complex relationship between codependency and narcissism has been established, indicating that the two often go hand in hand, and even sometimes overlap.

While childhood abuse, traumatic experiences, and exposure to narcissistic behaviors of parents and/or partners seem to play a role, it is difficult to predict codependency on the basis of any of these factors alone.
Symptoms of Codependency 
There are two main forms of codependence: passive and active.  Someone who is passively codependent is more likely to avoid conflict and confrontation, going to great lengths to keep things smooth and not rock the boat. Active codependency is often more manipulative, and an individual may try to push their partner into behaving a certain way in order to fill their own emotional needs. 

Both forms of codependence have many things in common, however. Some common signs of codependency include:
Putting the feelings of others above oneself: Someone who suffers from codependence will often sacrifice their own feelings and wellbeing in order to make their partner happy.
 ''Constrained ability to assert oneself: With codependence, a person will rarely stand up for themselves, and if they do, it is often followed by intense bouts of guilt. 
 Fear of rejection, abandonment, and isolation: The fear of being alone can be so intense that many behaviors are molded around this. A person may go to extreme lengths to hold on to relationships.
 Trouble making decisions without others: A person may be so wrapped up in their partner’s needs and wants that they are unable to assert their own. 
 Need for control: Codependency breeds a strong need to control one’s environment and people around them.
 Efforts to be the one others depend on'': Codependency can cause a person to feel the overwhelming need to be the caretaker and thus become indispensable to those around them.

References

Psychiatry
Hardin may refer to:

People
 Hardin (surname)

Places
 Hardin, California
 Hardin, Illinois
 Hardin, Kentucky
 Hardin, Missouri
 Hardin, Montana
 Hardin, Ohio
 Hardin, Texas

Counties
 Hardin County, Illinois
 Hardin County, Iowa
 Hardin County, Kentucky
 Hardin County, Ohio
 Hardin County, Tennessee
 Hardin County, Texas
Hardin is an unincorporated community in Shelby County, Ohio.

History
Hardin was platted in 1816. The community was named for John Hardin (1753–1792), a Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War. Hardin was the county seat from 1819 until 1820. A post office called Hardin was established in 1820, and discontinued in 1909.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Jeffersonville is the name of several places in the United States:

Jeffersonville, Georgia
Jeffersonville, Illinois
Jeffersonville, Indiana
Jeffersonville, Kentucky
Jeffersonville, New York
Jeffersonville, Ohio
Jeffersonville, Vermont
Jefferson County is the name of 26 counties and one parish in the United States:

Jefferson County, Alabama
Jefferson County, Arkansas
Jefferson County, Colorado
Jefferson County, Jefferson Territory
Jefferson County, Florida
Jefferson County, Georgia
Jefferson County, Idaho
Jefferson County, Illinois
Jefferson County, Indiana
Jefferson County, Iowa
Jefferson County, Kansas
Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Jefferson County, Mississippi
Jefferson County, Missouri
Jefferson County, Montana
Jefferson County, Nebraska
Jefferson County, New York
Jefferson County, Ohio
Jefferson County, Oklahoma
Jefferson County, Oregon
Jefferson County, Pennsylvania
Jefferson County, Tennessee
Jefferson County, Texas
Jefferson County, Washington
Jefferson County, West Virginia
Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Ravensbrück concentration camp (pronounced "RAW-vins-brook") was a concentration camp for women, run by Nazi Germany during World War II.  It was in northern Germany, near the town of Ravensbrück.

The Schutzstaffel (SS), led by Heinrich Himmler, ran Ravensbrück concentration camp.

In November 1938, Himmler gave the order to start building the camp at Ravensbrück.  By 1939, Ravensbrück was the biggest women's concentration camp in Nazi Germany.

Over time, the Nazis made Ravensbrück much bigger.  By 1944, Ravensbrück had become a complex (a group of many concentration camps).

Between 1939 and 1945, about 153,000 people were prisoners at Ravensbrück.

Growth of Ravensbrück

The women's camp
After Heinrich Himmler decided that Ravensbrück should be built, the SS brought about 500 male prisoners from Sachsenhausen concentration camp to the area.  The SS forced these prisoners to build Ravensbrück.  SS records say that Ravensbruck was designed to hold 3,000 prisoners.pp. 3, 12, 20, 24
Ravensbrück opened in May 1939.  The camp's first prisoners were a group of about 900 women sent from Lichtenburg concentration camp.  Ravensbrück very quickly became full.  From 1939 to 1945, the Nazis were constantly making the camp bigger to hold more and more prisoners.

After Nazi Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, the Nazis made Ravensbrück much larger.  They expected to send many Polish people to concentration camps, and they wanted Ravensbrück to be able to fit more prisoners.  However, by May 1940 (just eight months after World War II started), Ravensbrück was full of prisoners.p. 15

When Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in summer 1941, there were about 5,000 prisoners at Ravensbrück.p. 15  By the end of 1942, the camp held 10,000 prisoners (including many Soviet prisoners of war).p. 15

At its most crowded, the women's camp held 50,000 prisoners.

New camps
To make room for more and more prisoners, the Nazis added new camps to the original women's camp.
In April 1941, the Nazis added a concentration camp for men next to the women's camp.  The SS forced the male prisoners to build the new camps in the Ravensbrück complex, and to work on making the women's camp bigger.

In June 1942, a "juvenile protective custody camp" called Uckermark was built next to the men's camp.  This was a camp just for teenage girls and young women.

By 1944, the SS had forced prisoners to build over 40 smaller camps (called sub-camps).  These sub-camps held over 70,000 prisoners, mostly women.  The original Ravensbrück camp became the office for these sub-camps.  However, women prisoners were still kept there, and male prisoners had to keep making the camp bigger to fit more prisoners.

Types of prisoners
Of the 153,000 people who were prisoners at Ravensbrück between 1939 and 1945:
 About 132,000 were women and young children
 About 1,000 were teenage girls
 About 20,000 were men
People were sent to Ravensbrück for many different reasons.  Prisoners at Ravensbrück included:
 Communists and socialists
 "Criminals", including prostitutes and midwives who had done abortions
 Jehovah's Witnesses
 Jewish people
 People with physical disabilities and mental illnesses
 "Race defilers" (like Jews who had sex with Germans)
 Roma and Sinti people
 Soviet prisoners of war
 Women who refused to get married

By country

The Nazis sent people from over 30 countries to Ravensbrück.  For example, historians estimate that:
 36% of Ravensbrück's prisoners were from Poland
 21% were from the Soviet Union
 18% were from Germany or Austria
 8% were from Hungary
 6% were from France
 3% were from Czechoslovakia
 2% were from Belgium, the Netherlands, or Luxembourg
 2% were from Yugoslavia
 4% were from other countries (including the United Kingdom and the United States)

Guards
Male SS members were in charge of Ravensbrück.  However, the camp had over 150 female SS members who guarded the prisoners.
Ravensbrück was also a training camp for SS women.  They learned how to be concentration camp guards at Ravensbrück.  Then they would stay and work there, or go work at another camp.  Over 4,000 SS women trained at Ravensbrück.

Many of the female SS guards at Ravensbrück, like Irma Grese, treated the prisoners very badly.

Life at Ravensbrück

Arriving at Ravensbrück

When prisoners first got to Ravensbrück, their hair was usually shaved off.  The SS took away their personal things, including their clothes.  Prisoners had to wear striped uniforms, which included a dress and a head scarf.  Later on in the war, when there were not enough uniforms, women were sometimes allowed to wear their own clothes.  However, they had to mark a big white "X" on the back of their clothes to show that they were prisoners.p. 76

Every prisoner was given a serial number.  The SS never called them by their names - only by their numbers.
Prisoners had to sew their serial numbers onto their clothes.  They also had to wear colored triangles which showed why they were sent to Ravensbrück.  In the middle of the triangle, they had to sew a letter saying what country they were from.  For example, Polish prisoners had to sew a red triangle with the letter "P" (for Poland) onto their clothes.  (A red triangle showed that a person was a political enemy of Nazi Germany.)

Living conditions
When Ravensbrück first opened, and the camp was not too crowded, living conditions were not too bad.  However, during the winter of 1939 to 1940, the camp got more crowded, and the SS reacted by giving the prisoners less food.  After 1941, the food got much worse, and prisoners got much less of it.
The women's camp at Ravensbrück had twelve barracks where the prisoners lived.  They slept on wooden bunks which had three rows, one on top of the other.  Each barrack had a washroom and three toilets with no doors. There was very little sanitation.  After 1943, sanitation in the barracks got much worse.  This made it easier for diseases to spread.

Towards the end of World War II, the camp was so crowded that 1,500 to 2,000 women were packed into barracks meant to hold only 250 people.  Many women had to sleep on the floor, without even a blanket.  In 1945, the barracks were so crowded and sanitation was so bad that an epidemic of typhus spread through the camp.  The disease killed many prisoners.

Slave labor

Every morning, the prisoners had to get up at 4:00 in the morning for roll call.  This meant they had to stand in line while the SS counted them.

After roll call, prisoners went to work.  Every prisoner at Ravensbrück was forced to work.  If a person could not work, they would be killed.
Many prisoners worked at a Siemens Electric Company factory next to the women's camp.  The prisoners worked as slaves, making parts for Nazi V-1 and V-2 rockets (flying bombs).  Other prisoners worked at important German companies like Daimler-Benz (now Mercedes-Benz) and AEG (a German electrical company).

Some prisoners in the women's camp did other jobs, like:
 Working in a leather and textile factory owned by the SS
 Making uniforms for prisoners and the SS
 Making fur coats for the Waffen-SS and the Wehrmacht
 Making carpets out of reeds
 Doing paperwork for the SS

Some women had to work outside.  They built roads and buildings.  Sometimes these women were used like animals.  For example, sometimes twelve to fourteen women would have to pull a huge roller to pave the streets.

Women who were too sick or injured to do other jobs - usually because of medical experiments - knitted things like socks for the German Army, or cleaned the barracks and latrines.
Prisoners usually worked for twelve hours a day.  Some worked from 7:00 in the morning to 7:00 at night.  Others worked from 7:00 at night to 7:00 in the morning.

Prisoners did not have to work on Sundays.

Medical experiments
Starting in 1942, Nazi doctors did medical experiments on 86 women prisoners.  The doctors did two types of experiments.

In the first type, the doctors cut the women's legs, muscles, and nerves, or broke their leg bones.  Then they infected these wounds with bacteria.  Sometimes they rubbed wood or glass into the wounds.  Then they gave the women sulfanilamide antibiotics to see if they would work.

In the second type of experiment, the doctors studied whether bones could be taken from one person and put into another person.  They amputated some women's arms or legs to do these experiments.

In January 1945, Nazi doctors sterilized about 120 to 140 Roma women and children.  The doctors were trying to find a quick, easy way to sterilize people.
Some women died from these experiments.  The SS killed some other women who had wounds that did not heal.

Sexual abuse
Some of the women and young children at Ravensbrück were raped or sexually abused.

Starting in 1942, the SS created brothels in eight other concentration camps, like Buchenwald and Dachau.  Women from Ravensbrück were forced to work as prostitutes in these brothels.

Death at Ravensbrück

Nobody agrees on how many people died or were murdered at Ravensbrück.  Estimates range from 52,200, to 90,000,p. 8 to 117,000.

Prisoners at Ravensbrück died for many reasons.  These included:
 Starvation
 Diseases
 Medical experiments
 Being forced to work too hard without having enough food, water, or medical care

Many prisoners were also murdered by the SS.

Murder

Unlike many other concentration camps, Ravensbrück did not have its own gas chamber until early 1945.  The SS used other ways of killing prisoners.
Regularly, the SS would perform "selections."  They would pick out prisoners who looked too sick or weak to work.  Then they would kill these prisoners.

At first, the SS killed prisoners by shooting them or giving them lethal injections in the camp's "hospital."  Then, starting in 1942, they began sending prisoners to other places that did have gas chambers, like Hartheim Euthanasia Centre, so they could be killed there.  Between 1942 and 1944, the SS sent about 60 groups of prisoners to Hartheim to be gassed to death.  Each group had 60 to 1,000 prisoners in it.

The SS also sent prisoners to Auschwitz concentration camp to be killed in its gas chambers.
In early 1945, the SS made prisoners build a gas chamber at Ravensbrück.  By this time, the Nazis knew that the Soviet Red Army was getting close.  They wanted to kill as many prisoners as possible before the Red Army arrived.  In its last few months, Ravensbrück became an extermination camp (a death camp).  The SS started sending children and prisoners from Ravensbrück's sub-camps to the main camp, so they could be gassed to death.  In just a few months, the SS killed 5,000 to 6,000 prisoners in the gas chamber.

Death march and freedom
In March 1945, the Red Army was very close to Ravensbrück.  The SS did not want to leave any witnesses to tell the Soviets what had happened at Ravensbrück.  In March, they sent about 8,000 prisoners to other concentration camps.
On April 27, the SS forced about 20,000 female prisoners and about 3,000 male prisoners to march towards the middle of Germany.  This was a death march.  The SS guards had been ordered to kill anyone who could not keep up.  However, Soviet soldiers found the route of the march and freed the prisoners who had survived the death march.

On April 29, the SS guards that were still at Ravensbrück ran away from the camp.  The next day, the Red Army arrived at Ravensbrück and freed the camp.  They found only about 3,000 very sick prisoners.  These were the prisoners that the SS had left behind because they were too sick to march.

Photo gallery

Related pages
 The Holocaust

References

1939 establishments in Germany
Nazi concentration camps in Germany
Pantelis Pantelidis (23 November 1983 – 18 February 2016) was a Greek singer and songwriter. He was born in Athens and grew up in Nea Ionia. He worked in the Greek Navy, but left this job for a musical career. He learned music by himself. He became known from some YouTube videos. He worked with Greek musicians such as Vasilis Karras, Despina Vandi and others. He twice won awards at the MAD Video Music Awards, first in 2013 as the best new artist and secondly in 2015 as the best Greek male singer.

Pantelidis was killed on February 18, 2016, in a car crash in Athens. He was aged 32.

References

1983 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths
Singers from Athens
Belinda Nash (October 27, 1946 – February 16, 2016) was an American historian, author and activist. She wrote a biography of Grace Sherwood, the last person to be "convicted" by ordeal of being a witch in Virginia. As a result of Nash's work, Sherwood was given a pardon, 300 years after her trial by ordeal.

Nash died in Virginia Beach, Virginia on February 16, 2016 from cancer. She was aged 69.

References

1946 births
2016 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American historians
Writers from Ontario‎
Claude Jeancolas (1949 – 17 February 2016) was a French writer, art historian and journalist. He was best known for his expertise on Arthur Rimbaud. He was born in Nancy, France. 

Jeancolas died in Paris, France from cancer on 17 February 2016. He was aged 66.

References

1949 births
2016 deaths
People from Nancy
Writers from Grand Est
French historians
French journalists
Displacement or displacement tonnage is the weight of water that a ship pushes aside when it is floating, which in turn is the weight of a ship (and its contents). It is usually applied to naval vessels rather than commercial ones, and is measured when the ship's fuel tanks are full and all stores are aboard.  Merchant vessels use other measures such as net tonnage, gross tonnage, or deadweight tonnage.

References 

Ships
Tamerlan Kimovich Aguzarov  (; 14 June 1963  – 19 February 2016) was a Russian politician. He was the head of North Ossetia-Alania from June 5, 2015 until his death in February 19, 2016.

Aguzarov died on 19 February 2016 in Moscow from complications of pneumonia. He was aged 52.

References

Other websites
 Официальный сайт Правительства Республики Северная Осетия — Алания  

1963 births
2016 deaths
Russian politicians
Bill Daily (August 30, 1927 – September 4, 2018) was an American comedian and dramatic actor. He acted in many television sitcoms. He was best known for playing astronaut Roger Healey on I Dream of Jeannie and commercial airline navigator Howard Borden on The Bob Newhart Show.

Daily was born in Des Moines, Iowa. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Daily died on September 4, 2018 at the age of 91 in his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2018 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Des Moines, Iowa
Actors from Chicago
Comedians from Chicago
Comedians from Iowa
Comedians from New Mexico
Aleksey Vladimirovich Batalov () was a Soviet and Russian actor. He has been known for his portrayal of noble and positive characters. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1976 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1989. He also starred in Mikhail Romm's Nine Days of One Year (1962). In 1967 he was a member of the jury of the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.

Batalov died on 14 June 2017 in Moscow from complications of a fall at the age of 88.

References

1928 births
2017 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Russian movie actors
The Dream Makers II (, also The Dream Makers 2 or ZZSF2) is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It is a sequel to the 2013 series The Dream Makers. It began its run from 4 December 2015. There are 32 episodes. It stars Zoe Tay, Li Nanxing, Huang Biren, Jeanette Aw, Rui En, Qi Yuwu, Romeo Tan, Julie Tan, Zhang Zhenhuan, Ian Fang, Chen Meifeng and Damian Lau as the main characters. The show is Channel 8's end-year blockbuster for 2015.
Cast
Zoe Tay as Zhou Weiyun
Li Nanxing as Lin Tao
Huang Biren as Guan Xie En
Rui En as Fang Tonglin
Qi Yuwu as Jason Lam
Jeanette Aw as Zhao Fei'er
Romeo Tan as Zhong Yiming
Julie Tan as Dong Zihuai
Zhang Zhenhuan as Chen Guang
Ian Fang as Joey
Damian Lau as Zheng Shouyi
Chen Meifeng as Zhong Qianyi
Wang Yuqing as Qin Wenxu
Li Wenhai as MD Chong
Choy Peng Hoy as Yalian
Rayson Tan as Richard Ma
Tracy Lee as Diana
Richard Low as Zhao De
Edwin Goh as Eddy
Damien Teo as Eden
Eelyn Kok as Meiling
Yan Bingliang as Chen Dongqiang
Yao Wenlong as Zheng Shoude
Chen Hanwei (special appearance)

Trivia
This is Zoe Tay and Huang Biren's first drama collaboration in 27 years.
This is Hong Kong TVB actor Damian Lau's second Singaporean drama series after Dare To Strike, and Taiwanese actress Chen Meifeng's first Singaporean drama.
Accolades 
 Star Awards 2016 Backstage Achievement Awards - 
 Loh Woon Woon and Wong Foong Hwee were nominated for Best Director, to which Loh won.
 Rebecca Leow was nominated for Best Screenplay.
 Kee Chee Wee was nominated for Best Programme Promo.
 Tommy Lee Heng Soon was nominated for Best Cameraman (for Drama Programmes).
 Simon Poon, Joyce Teo and Steven Lee were nominated for Best Editing for Drama Programme, to which Poon won.
 Star Awards 2016 Part 2 - 
 《终于》 won the Best Theme Song.
 Damien Teo won the Young Talent Award.
 Edwin Goh and Zhang Zhenhuan are nominated for Best Supporting Actor, to which Zhang won.
 Julie Tan won the Best Supporting Actress.
 Romeo Tan and Qi Yuwu are nominated for Best Actor, to which Qi won.
 Jeanette Aw, Rui En and Zoe Tay are nominated for Best Actress, to which Aw won.
The series won the Best Drama Serial. It is one of the five dramas to be nominated for both the Best Drama Serial and Best Theme Song, along with 118, Crescendo, The Journey: Our Homeland and Tiger Mum.
 Star Awards 2016 Post Show Party - 
 Jeanette Aw, Rui En and Huang Biren are nominated for Favourite Female Character. Despite Aw's wish to withdraw from voting-based award categories, she is nominated for "Favourite Female Character" and "Favourite Onscreen Couple" again. Aw won the award once again.
 Qi Yuwu and Rui En, Qi Yuwu and Jeanette Aw, and Zhang Zhenhuan and Julie Tan are nominated for Favourite Onscreen Couple (Drama). Qi and Aw won the award.
 Romeo Tan won the London Choco Roll Happiness Award.
References

Singaporean television programs
Chinese language
2015 television series debuts
Drama television series
2015 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Singapore
Comberton is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, England. It is about 10 km (6 miles) south-west of the city of Cambridge.

Comberton has a population of about 2,400. It has two churches: an Anglican church dating from the 13th century, and a Baptist church dating from 1861.

Its neighbouring village is Barton.

Related pages
 List of places in Cambridgeshire

References

Other websites

 Comberton Village Website

Villages in Cambridgeshire
Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire
A gamemaster is a person who plans, referees, solves arguments in and otherwise runs a role-playing game with more than one player. They are almost always seen in games where all the players are on the same side, and less often seen in games where the players are against each other. Acting as a gamemaster is sometimes called "Gamemastering" or "GMing" for short.

A gamemaster's job in a traditional role-playing game (where all the players are together in person) is to bring the other players' characters' stories together, control the other characters and monsters, put together places and scenes for the player characters to act in, and solve arguments between players. This basic rule is the same in almost all role-playing games, but some rule sets may need the gamemaster to do other jobs unique to that system.
The role of a gamemaster in an online game is to make sure everyone follows the game's rules and give general customer service. Gamemasters for online games may be players who choose the role like in traditional role-playing games, or they might be workers paid by the company that makes the game.

History and variants of the term
The term gamemaster and the job itself it could be found in the postal gaming hobby.
In the sense of a role-playing game, it was first used by Chivalry & Sorcery, and in wargaming it has been used in Guidon Games' 1973 ruleset, Ironclad. In most play-by-mail games, players control armies or countries and mail the actions they want to do to the GM. The GM then regularly mails the newest game state to all players.
Each gaming system has its own name for the gamemaster, such as "judge", "narrator", "referee", "director", or "storyteller", and these names not only describe the role of the gamemaster in general but also help explain how the game is meant to be run. For example, the Storyteller System used in White Wolf Game Studio's storytelling games calls its gamemaster the "storyteller", while the rules- and setting-focused Marvel Super Heroes role-playing game calls its gamemaster the "judge". The cartoon-based role-playing game Toon calls its gamemaster the "animator". A few games use system- or setting-specific flavourful (closely related to the game's setting or "flavour") names for the gamemaster, such as the Hollyhock God in Nobilis, where the hollyhock means vanity, or the most well known of such names, "Dungeon Master" (or "DM") in Dungeons & Dragons.

Gamemasters in traditional role-playing games
The four major "hats"
A gamemaster can be said to wear four "hats" in their role, meaning the four main jobs they do as part of the overall job of GMing.
 Writer: The GM plans out (in a very loose way) the plot of the story of which the Player Characters will become heroes (or bad guys, or rich, or whatever they want); making (or choosing) the setting, filling that setting with bad guys and other NPCs, and giving them any backgrounds, motivations, plans and/or resources (items, wealth or similar things they own) that they need.
 Director: During the game, while each of the other players usually controls the actions of one of the Player Characters, the GM decides the actions of all the NPCs as they are needed. The GM may also control one or more NPCs that travel with the party (commonly known as a GMPC, GameMaster Player Character), but this may be open to abuse as the Game Master having a "pet" NPC may make them biased towards them or the group as a whole.
Referee: In most Tabletop RPGs, the rules are supplied to sort out arguments (avoiding the "Bang! you're dead!"/"No, you missed!" problem of playing without any rules). The GM is expected to make a decision when the rules are unclear in or do not cover a certain event. The GM may also allow or make "House Rules" to cover such events or to make the game play differently than with just the normal rules. As the gamemaster is often seen as being in charge of their gaming group, they might also be expected to solve arguments that are not to do with the game's rules.
 Manager: The least official job of the GM (and sometimes most surprising) is bringing the game together in the first place. They are often expected to be the one to pick players, choose dates and times to play, find a place to play, and balance the needs of all the other players.
Gamemasters in online games
In early virtual worlds gamemasters worked as a moderator or administrator; in MUD gamemasters were called "wizards". Gamemastering in the form found in traditional role-playing games has also been used in virtual worlds that mostly run by themselves. However, human moderation was sometimes thought of as unfair or wrong in a world that is otherwise run by computer programs.
America Online Online Gaming Forum (which is no longer in use) used to use volunteers chosen from applications from its users. These people were called OGFs by other members, and their screennames showed their role (i.e., OGF Moose, etc.). While users only needed to be members of AOL to use the Online Gaming Forum, OGFs were given powers like AOL "Guides" and could use them at will when they thought it was right.

World of Warcraft has employees of Blizzard Entertainment that serve as gamemasters to help users with many problems in gameplay, chat, and other things like account and payment issues. A gamemaster in this game can talk to players through chat with blue text, and they will also have a special "GM" tag and Blizzard logo in front of their name.
RuneScape has more than 500 moderators working for Jagex Games Studio to help players and do administrative work in-game and on the site forums. These Jagex Moderators, as they are called, usually have the word "Mod" and a gold crown preceding their account names which normal players are not allowed to use. The game also has Player Moderators and Forum Moderators who are player volunteers helping with moderation, having the power to mute (block from chatting) other players who break rules.

Note that a few games, such as Neverwinter Nights and Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption, are video game adaptations of tabletop role-playing games that are played online with one player acting as a gamemaster in the same way as they would in real life.
Gamemasters in pervasive games
Gamemastering, sometimes called Orchestration is used in pervasive games to guide players along a path that the game's writer wants.
 To make sure good gamemastering can happen, four things are needed: some kind of  way for the game masters to know current events and game information; this allows them to make good decisions; decisions need to be put into effect in the game, either through the game system or in person; and finally a way to send messages is needed for both diegetic (sounds you would expect to hear in the game world) or non-diegetic (sounds that are obviously not part of the game world)  communication.

Good gamemastering in this type of game sometimes needs special user interfaces that are unique to a certain game.
Gamemasters in online chat environments
Sometimes, tabletop GMs can not find players that want to play in either the same setting, product line, or play style in their local area.  The networked personal computer gave an answer with online chat programs.  Gamemasters with the right equipment can find players online and a group can meet using chat rooms, forums, or other electronic means.
Compared to standard tabletop games (and to games meant to be played online), this online chat format changes the balance of duties for a gamemaster quite a lot. Descriptions require more preparation, even when using cut-and-paste; acting and voice skills can not be used to get the personality of NPCs and monsters across, making background music as a playing aid more useful. The GM is likely to need copies of player-character records, not being able to look at the originals as in a normal face-to-face game.  The format also forces the issue (particularly when players do not all know each other) of whether to leave all rolling of dice to the GM, or to trust all players to honestly give the results of their rolls (the honor system may be strained when rolling well is a very good thing).