Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen mustards
Nitrogen mustards are similar to sulfur mustards, but they have nitrogen in them instead of sulfur.  While some countries stockpiled (gathered a lot of) nitrogen mustards during World War II, nitrogen mustards have never been used as chemical weapons.  In fact, today, they are mainly used to treat medical problems.  A few nitrogen mustards are too poisonous to be used for anything but chemical weapons.  But many others are used as chemotherapy medications to treat cancer.

Lewisite
Lewisite was first created in 1904.  The United States experimented with using lewisite as a chemical weapon in the 1920s and during World War II.  However, lewisite did not work well because it smelled like geraniums (a type of flower) and made people's eyes water.  Enemy soldiers would smell the chemical and realize their eyes were watering, and would put on gas masks to protect themselves.
In the 1940s, British scientists made an antidote to lewisite, called dimercaprol (or "British anti-Lewisite").  After this, lewisite was no longer as useful as other blister agents, and countries stopped using it.

Effects of blister agents
Blister agents can cause many different symptoms.  These symptoms are very painful, and can kill a person.  Symptoms include:  
 Severe pain, redness, and irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucus membranes
 Severe burns and large fluid blisters both outside the body (like on the skin) and inside the body (like in the lungs).  These burns and blisters heal slowly, and may become infected
 Eye problems, like conjunctivitis and damage to the corneas
 Trouble breathing
 Severe damage to the airways, making it difficult or impossible to breathe air into the lungs

All blister agents easily enter the body through the eyes, lungs, and skin.
Lewisite causes symptoms right away.  However, mustard agents do not.  When they are breathed in, symptoms usually do not appear for 4 to 6 hours.  When mustard agents get on the skin, symptoms can take 2 to 48 hours to appear.

References

Chemicals
Chemical warfare
Zināʾ (زِنَاء) or zina (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic law concerning unlawful sexual relations between male and female who are not married to one another through a nikah.  It includes extramarital sex and premarital sex. It also includes adultery (consensual sexual relations outside marriage). Zina covers fornication (consensual sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons), and homosexuality (consensual sexual relations between same-sex partners).
In the four schools of Sunni fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and the two schools of Shi'a fiqh, the term zināʾ is a sin of sexual intercourse that is not allowed by Sharia (Islamic law) and classed as a hudud crime (class of Islamic punishments that are fixed for certain crimes that are considered to be "claims of God").  To prove an act of zina, a qadi (religious judge) in a sharia court relies on an unmarried woman's pregnancy, the confession in the name of Allah, or four witnesses to the actual act of penetration. The last two types of prosecutions are uncommon. Most cases of zina in the history of Islam have been pregnant unmarried women. In some schools of Islamic law, a pregnant woman accused of zina who denies sex was consensual must prove she was raped with four eyewitnesses testifying before the court.  This has led to many cases where rape victims have been punished for zina.  Pressing charges of zina without required eyewitnesses is considered slander (Qadhf, القذف) in Islam, itself a hudud crime.
The above sense of zina is not to be confused with the woman's name Zina or Zeina (زينة). The name has a different linguistic root (Greek xen-). It also has a different meaning ("guest, stranger"), is pronounced differently (either Zīnah or Zaynah), and is usually spelled differently.

References 

Islamic culture
Sexual law
École Polytechnique (EP or "l'X") is a engineering graduate school in France.. It is in a campus of Palaiseau (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Polytechnicien (Polytechnique Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Courses.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed  in French and English languages. Students from a lot of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École Polytechnique.

Notable Graduates
Caroline Aigle, French fighter jet pilot
 Paul-Louis Arslanian, Former head of Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile
 Michel Bernard, French public servant
 Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematiker
 Yves Carcelle, French businessman
 Auguste Comte, French thinker
 Valérie Cornetet, head of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées
 Philippe Crébassa, French public servant
 Jacques Friedel, French physicist, educator and material scientist
 Carlos Ghosn, French-Lebanese businessman
 Patrick Ky, French Manager
 Joseph-Louis Lagrange, mathematician and astronomer
 Yves Lambert, French aerospace engineer
 Edmond Malinvaud, French economist
 Gérard Mestrallet, CEO of GDF Suez
 Guy du Merle, French aerospace engineer, pilot and writer
 Louis Pailhas, French politician and aerospace engineer
 Yves Poilane, French manager
 Siméon Denis Poisson,  French mathematician and physicist
 Jean Robieux, French Physicist
 Gérard Rozenknop, French aerospace engineer
Jean-Paul Troadec, French aerospace engineer
 Jacques Villiers, French aerospace engineer and public servant
 Michel Wachenheim, French ambassador
 Farid Zizi, French aerospace engineer
References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1794 establishments
1790s establishments in France
Grandes Ecoles
Farmington may refer to: 

in Canada:
Farmington, British Columbia
Farmington, Nova Scotia

in the United Kingdom:
Farmington, Gloucestershire
Farmington Institute for Christian Studies at Oxford
in the United States (by state):
Farmington, Arkansas
Farmington, California
Farmington, Connecticut
Farmington, Delaware
Farmington, Kentucky
Hustonville, Kentucky, formerly known as Farmington
Kingsley, Kentucky, formerly known as Farmington
Farmington, Illinois
Farmington, Indiana
Farmington, Iowa
Farmington, Maine
Farmington, Michigan
Farmington, Minnesota
Farmington, Mississippi
Farmington, Missouri
Farmington, New Hampshire
Farmington, New Mexico
Farmington, New York
Farmington, North Carolina, a township and unincorporated community in Davie County, North Carolina
Farmington, Ohio
Farmington, Oregon
Farmington, Pennsylvania (Fayette County)
Farmington Township, Pennsylvania
Farmington Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
Farmington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania
Farmington, Utah
 Farmington (UTA station), Utah Transit Authority commuter rail station
Farmington, Virginia
Farmington (Albemarle County, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Albemarle County, Virginia
Farmington (St. Stephens Church, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in King and Queen County, Virginia
Farmington, Washington
Farmington, West Virginia
Farmington, Wisconsin
Farmington, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, La Crosse County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, Polk County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, a town
Farmington (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Ada County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho.  As of the 2020 Census, 494,967 people lived in the county. That was more than any other county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Boise. Boise is also the state capital.

Communities

Cities
Boise
Eagle
Garden City
Kuna
Meridian 
Star

Census-designated places
Avimor
Hidden Spring

References
Hidden Springs is a census-designated place in Ada County, Idaho, United States. Its population was 3,076 in the 2020 census.

References

Ada County, Idaho
Census-designated places in Idaho
Vincent Albert "Buddy" Cianci, Jr. (, ; , ; April 30, 1941 – January 28, 2016,) was an American lawyer, convicted felon, conservative radio talk show host, politician and political commentator.

He served as the mayor of Providence, Rhode Island from 1975 to 1984 and again from 1991 to 2002. Cianci was the longest-serving mayor of Providence, and one of the longest-serving "big city" mayors in United States history, having held office for over 21 years.

Cianci died of colon cancer in Providence, Rhode Island on January 28, 2016 at the age of 74.

References

Other websites
 WJAR's index of Plunder Dome–related articles 
 "Charges in 30-Count Indictment against Cianci and other Defendants" 
 Vice and Virtue—2002 special by Rhode Island's The Providence Journal.
 "ABC6 News names Buddy chief political analyst" 
 The Buddy Cianci Show on 630 WPRO
1941 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Cancer deaths in Rhode Island
American mayors
American political commentators
Businesspeople from Rhode Island
Independent politicians in the United States
Writers from Providence, Rhode Island
Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
People from Cranston, Rhode Island
Carlos Matute Loyzaga (August 29, 1930 – January 27, 2016) was a Filipino basketball player and coach. He was born in Manila, Philippine Islands.

He was the most dominant basketball player of his era in the Philippines. He was called the greatest Filipino basketball player of all time. Loyzaga was a two-time Olympian (1952, 1956), as a member of the Philippines men's national basketball team.

Loyzaga died on January 27, 2016 in San Juan, Metro Manila from complications of a stroke at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
 Basketball-reference.com 
 Blogs.inquirer.net 
 Interaksyon.com 
 Sports.enquirer.com
 Philstar.com
 Journal.com.ph 
 Gameface.ph

1930 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Filipino basketball players
People from Manila
PhinDeli Town Buford, originally known as Buford, is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. In 2013, it had only 1 resident.

References

Other websites
 Community of Buford
 2010 video interview from CNN

Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Albany County, Wyoming
1866 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Wyoming Territory
Harmony is an unincorporated community  in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. It is located about  southwest of Laramie. Harmony Elementary School is a part of Albany County School District #1. Older students attend school in Laramie.

References

Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Albany County, Wyoming
Garrett is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Wellesley is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.

Towns in Massachusetts
Paul Lorin Kantner (March 17, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American guitarist, vocalist, and political activist. He was known for co-founding Jefferson Airplane, a psychedelic rock band of the 1960s and its more commercial spin-off band Jefferson Starship. He was born in San Francisco, California.

Kantner died from multiple organ failure and septic shock caused by a heart attack in San Francisco, California on January 28, 2016. He was 74.

References

Other websites

Official website for Jefferson Starship 
Official website for Jefferson Airplane.
'Got A Revolution': Biography of Jefferson Airplane by Jeff Tamarkin
Jefferson Airplane biography  at Rolling Stone.
Jefferson Airplane profile, NNDB.

1941 births
2016 deaths
American political activists
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
Jefferson Airplane members
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in San Francisco
Musicians from San Francisco
Singers from California
Dmitry Vasil'evich Shirkov (; 3 March 1928 – 23 January 2016) was a Russian theoretical physicist. He was known for his works to quantum field theory and to the development of the renormalization group method. He used to work at Lund University in Sweden. He was born in Moscow, Russia.

Shirkov died at his home in Dubna, Russia from a heart attack on 23 January 2016 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Biography at the department of Quantum Theory and High Energy Physics at MSU  

1928 births
2016 deaths
Scientists from Moscow
Russian theoretical physicists
The Middle Passage  the part of the Atlantic slave trade where African slaves were brought to the Americas on slave ships.  Millions of African people were shipped to the Americas over the Middle Passage.

Enslaved people were treated so badly on the slave ships that about 15% of them died during the Middle Passage.  Even more were killed before they left Africa, when slave traders were trying to kidnap them and force them onto the slave ships.  Historians think that up to two million African people died during the Middle Passage. However, somewhere between 9.4 million and 12 million African people survived the Middle Passage, and arrived in the Americas as slaves.

The triangular trade
The transatlantic trade of African people had three different parts.  Because of this, it was called "the triangular trade."  The Middle Passage got its name because it was the middle part of the triangular trade.  The three parts of the Atlantic slave trade were:
(1) Europe to Africa
Ships brought weapons, gunpowder, cloth, rum, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa.  In Africa, these things were traded for African people who had been bought as slaves or kidnapped.
(2) Africa to the Americas (the Middle Passage)
 Enslaved African people were brought to the Americas on slave ships.  There they were sold as slaves, or traded for raw materials like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which other enslaved people had made.
(3) The Americas to Europe
These raw materials would be sent to Europe, where they were used to make things.  Then the triangular trade would start all over again.  For example, cotton would be used to make cloth.  That cloth could then be sent to Africa to trade for more enslaved people.

The enslaved peoples' journey
After being kidnapped, enslaved African people were usually forcibly marched to forts along the coast of western Africa.  There they were sold to European and American human traffickers.  They might have to wait in these forts, which were like prisons, for months before slave ships arrived.

Enslaved people were then packed onto the slave ships.  Often, they were packed together as closely as possible.  (The famous drawing on the right shows how closely enslaved people were packed together on some slave ships.) Enslaved men were often chained together at the ankles.  Sometimes, slaves were allowed to move around during the day, but many ships kept enslaved people chained up for the entire trip.
Sailing through the Middle Passage could take anywhere from one to six months, depending on the weather.  Over time, human trafficking ships got better at making the trip more quickly.  In the early 16th century, the average trip took a few months.  However, by the 19th century, many slave ships crossed the Middle Passage in fewer than six weeks.

Living conditions
Enslaved people were treated barbarically and wickedly during the Middle Passage.  Slaves were not seen as human.  They were thought of as "cargo" or "goods" - commodities rather than innocent people - to be bought and sold, and not respected and cared about.
Enslaved people were starved during the Middle Passage.  At "best", the enslavers fed enslaved people beans, corn, yams, rice, and palm oil.  However, enslaved African people were not always fed every day.  If there was not enough food for the sailors (human traffickers) and the slaves, the enslavers would eat first, and the enslaved might not get any food.  On some slave ships, slaves who looked sick were not given any food.  Many enslaved people died from starvation and dehydration (not having enough water) during the Middle Passage.
The enslaved peoples' living conditions on the slave ships were horrific.  Diseases spread very quickly because the enslaved people were so crowded together, and because there was no sanitation.  The most common diseases were dysentery, scurvy, smallpox, syphilis, and measles.  Many enslaved African people were killed by disease during the Middle Passage.  On longer trips, even more enslaved people died, because there was less food and water (this made dysentery and scurvy more common).  Also, many slaves became too depressed to eat.

Slaves were often tortured as punishment if they did not follow the human traffickers' orders or if they seemed disobedient in any way.  For example, enslaved people who were too depressed or sick to eat might be beaten or whipped.  The worst forms of torture were for enslaved people who tried to rebel (fight back).  For example, one slave ship captain punished an enslaved person who tried to rebel, by murdering him; then he forced two other slaves to eat his heart and liver.
Enslaved women and enslaved children were often raped or sexually abused by the sailors.

Participants 
Many different people participated in the Middle Passage and the triangular trade.

World powers 
The countries that controlled most of the slave trade were European and Asian countries that were very powerful at the time.  These countries included:

 Spain
 France
 The Netherlands
 Denmark
 Sweden
 Brandenburg (now a state of Germany)

Slave traders in North America, Brazil, and the Caribbean also took part in the slave trade.

Different countries were more powerful in the slave trade at different times.  For example, for two hundred years, from 1440–1640, Portugal controlled most of the slave trade.  However, over time, the balance of power in Europe changed.  By the 18th century, the British Empire was much more powerful.  During the 18th century, when 6 million Africans were brought over the Middle Passage, British slavers carried almost 2.5 million of them.
Africans 
Most of the African slaves came from eight different areas:
 Senegambia (now Senegal and Gambia);
 Upper Guinea;
 Windward Coast (now the Ivory Coast);
 Gold Coast (now Ghana);
 Bight of Benin;
 Bight of Biafra, off the western coast of Africa;
 West Central Africa and;
 Southeastern Africa

Slave traders 
The slave trade was very profitable for slave traders.  By the late 18th century, a strong male slave could be sold for about $600 to $1500 (which is about $9,000 to $15,000 in United States dollars today).  Because of this, kidnapping people in Africa and selling them into slavery became more and more popular.  Historians think that African warlords, kings, and private kidnappers - Europeans, Americans, and Africans alike - all participated in kidnapping people into slavery.

Photo gallery

Related pages
 Atlantic slave trade
Other websites 
 The Middle Passage  from DiscoveringBristol.org.uk (simple English)
 Journals from people on slave ships  from DiscoveringBristol.org.uk (may not be simple English)
 Pictures of slave ships and the slave trade from History.com

References

Historic slave trade
Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen, Jr. (born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk and rock guitarist. He is best known for his work with Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #54 on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists.

Kaukonen was born in Washington, D.C.. He moved to San Francisco, California in the 1960s and studied at Santa Clara University.

References

Other websites

Jorma Kaukonen website
Fur Peace Ranch website
Jorma searches for his Jewish Soul 
List of Authorized links from Jormakaukonen.com 
Got a Revolution: Jefferson Airplane biography by Jeff Tamarkin

1940 births
Living people
American guitarists
American blues musicians
American folk musicians
American rock musicians
Jefferson Airplane members
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
Musicians from San Francisco
John William "Jack" Casady (born April 13, 1944) is an American musician. He is called one of the popular bass guitarists of the rock music era. He is best known as a member of Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He became the bass player for Jefferson Airplane with lead guitarist Jorma Kaukonen and Paul Kantner.

References

Other websites

 Official Jack Casady website  requires Flash
 Jack Cassady in SVT

1944 births
Living people
Jefferson Airplane members
American guitarists
American rock musicians
American blues musicians
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
Sciences Po or Institut d'études politiques de Paris is a special university in France. The school is in Paris. It was created in 1872.

It is a specialist in the fields of economics, administration, social sciences and politics.

Notable graduates 

 Charline Avenel, French official
 Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
 Marc Drillech, French sociologist and President of universities
 Roland Dumas, French lawyer and Socialist politician
 François Hollande, President of France
 Adrienne Jablanczy, French economist, professor
 Pierre Mauroy, French Socialist Party politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984
 Jean Peyrelevade, French civil servant, politician and business leader
 Peter Scholl-Latour, French-German professor, journalist and publicis

Notable teachers 
 Dominique Strauss-Kahn, French politician, economist

References

More reading 
 Sciences Po Paris website
 Richard Descoings, Sciences Po. De la Courneuve à Shanghai, préface de René Rémond, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2007 ()
Education in France
Universities in Paris
"Work" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is from her eighth studio album, Anti.  The song features Canadian rapper Drake.  It was released on January 27, 2016. It was the most heard song for its first day on the over 1,200 stations monitored by Nielsen music.  A few hours after its release, it was sent to digital outlets such as iTunes and Google Play Music.  Rihanna announced via Twitter that "Work" was the lead single for Anti.  In June 2017, the song was certified sextuple-Platinum in the US for sales and streams equal to six million copies.

The song was nominated for Record of the Year and for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017.
The song reached number one on the iTunes charts of over 70 countries.  "Work" debuted at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100, which made her one of the artists with the fifth-most top-ten singles in Billboard history (with 27 top-ten songs), along with singer-songwriters Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, and Elton John.  In addition, the song also managed to enter the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number one.  "Work" reached number two in the UK, number five in Australia, and topped the charts in Canada.  The song became Rihanna's 14th and Drake's second number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100.  Rihanna became the artist with the third-most number-one songs in Hot 100 history and the second-most for a female artist.  She passed Michael Jackson's record of 13 number-ones and is behind Mariah Carey's 18 chart-toppers and The Beatles' 20 number-one songs
.  "Work" was the third longest-running number-one song of 2016, with nine weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 (The Chainsmokers' "Closer" featuring Halsey has spent 12 weeks at number one, and Drake's "One Dance" has spent ten weeks at the top).  The song was later replaced at number one by rapper Desiigner's first single, "Panda".
About the song 
"Work" is about a relationship that has turned bad and using work as a distraction from the relationship.  It is a reggae-pop and dancehall song.

Music video 
The music video was released on February 22, 2016, two days after Rihanna's 28th birthday.  It first appeared on the streaming service Tidal and was later uploaded to YouTube/Vevo.  The first half of the video contains scenes of a club and shows Rihanna performing Caribbean dance moves with short hair.  The second half is a different version of the video, which contains a couch and neon signs, while Rihanna, wearing much longer hair, sings to Drake, and is wearing a sheer shirt.  Drake is present in both versions of the video.

References

Rihanna songs
2016 songs
Drake (musician) songs
Dancehall songs
Reggae songs
R&B songs
Rover or rovers may refer to:

Cars and motorcycles
 Rover (marque), British car brand in use from 1904–2005
 Rover Company (1885–1967), a British car maker
 Rover Group (1986–2000), a British car maker
 MG Rover Group (2000–2005), a British car maker, formerly the Rover Group
 Land Rover, a brand of 4-wheel drive cars by Jaguar Land Rover
 Rover (motorcycles), a British bicycle and motorcycle maker

Space rovers
 Rover (space exploration), a vehicle that explores the surface of an astronomical body
 Lunar rover, a vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon
 Mars rover, a vehicle designed to explore the surface of Mars
Sports
 A.F.C. Kempston Rovers, a football club based in Kempston, Bedfordshire, England
 Albion Rovers F.C., Coatbridge, Scotland
 Albion Rovers F.C. (Newport), Wales
 Blackburn Rovers F.C., England
 Blackpool Wren Rovers F.C., Lancashire, England
 Boston Rovers, a United States soccer team that competed in the United Soccer Association league in 1967
 Bristol Rovers F.C., England
 Doncaster Rovers F.C., England
 Fall River Rovers, a United States soccer club, based in Fall River, Massachusetts
 Forest Green Rovers F.C., Gloucestershire, England
 Paulton Rovers F.C., near Bristol, England
 Raith Rovers F.C., Kirkcaldy, Scotland
 Rochedale Rovers Football Club, Queensland, Australia
 Shamrock Rovers F.C., Dublin, Ireland
 Sligo Rovers F.C., Sligo, Ireland
 Tampines Rovers FC, Singapore
 Taringa Rovers Soccer Football Club, Brisbane, Australia
 Tranmere Rovers F.C., Birkenhead, England
 River City Rovers, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Saleable slaves 
Ship captains were under orders by slavers to deliver only saleable slaves. Starving, sick or troublesome slaves were often thrown overboard into the ocean to drown. Sometimes Africans were kept on deck chained together with long chains. There were times when they would jump overboard, taking every other chained slave with them, to avoid their unknown fate. Many ships kept extra crew members on deck to prevent this from happening. At other times crew members would throw slaves overboard as a warning to other slaves. If the ship was running out of food or water, all the slaves would be killed to save the crew from starving.
Zong massacre 
Slave ships could at times get insurance on their cargos of slaves. But insurance would not pay if the slavers starved the slaves or they got sick. Insurance paid out if the slaves drowned, but not if they were severely starved to death. In 1781 the slave ship Zong was hauling 470 slaves—more than the ship could handle. Many began to get sick. By the time the ship reached the Doldrums, a mid-Atlantic region that at times had no wind, several of the crew had died from the spreading diseases. To save themselves, the remaining crew threw 132 dying and sick slaves into the ocean. Another 10 slaves jumped with them. When they tried to collect the insurance the Insurance underwriter denied the claim. In 1782 in a court in Jamaica, ruled for the owners. The insurance company appealed the decision. This brought a good deal of public attention. It began to be called the Zong massacre. No member of the crew or the owners were ever charged with murder.

Slave ship takeovers
About 15% to 20% of the ships leaving Africa never arrived in the Americas. In thousands of cases the crews were overtaken by captured slaves, some of them warriors. Often the crew was killed and the Africans managed to sail back to Africa. In other cases the ships were lost at sea.

Some of the documented slave ship revolts are:

 The Little George ship revolt happened after the ship Little George left Guinea in June of 1730. It was carrying 96 slaves to Rhode Island. Several of the African men slipped out of their shackles and overpowered the crew. They killed three of the crew who were on deck at the time. The rest were taken prisoner. The Africans sailed the ship back to the Sierra Leone River where they abandoned the ship and still imprisoned crew.

 In 1732 a ship out of Portsmouth, New Hampshire captained by John Major had just loaded hundreds of slaves and was leaving when about 50 Africans took over the ship. The crew was killed with guns, axes, swords and other weapons taken from the crew members.
In 1747 an American ship with a captain named Beers was taken over by hundreds of captive Africans in West Africa. All but two of the crew were killed with their own weapons. There was no record of how many Africans died during the short battle.

 A 1764 ship incident. An unnamed ship from New London, Connecticut had just taken on a load of slaves in Senegal. That night, while the ship was still in port, the Africans freed themselves and, using clubs, killed the entire crew and captain. The Africans then disappeared back into Senegal.

 In 1839 the Spanish ship Amistad was sailing off the coast of Cuba in the process of smuggling slaves. By this time slave trading was illegal except in Cuba. Joseph Cinqué, who had been captured as a slave in Sierra Leone, led a revolt that had far reaching consequences. The court case in Connecticut that followed was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States where it was upheld. Cinqué and the surviving Africans returned to Sierra Leone in 1842.
The Creole Ship Uprising. The ship Creole sailed from Richmond, Virginia on Oct. 27, 1841. It was bound for New Orleans with a cargo of 135 slaves. The slaves were able to kill some of the crew, the rest were taken captive. The ship arrived at Nassau, Bahamas where the slaves were set free by the British.

References 

Historic slave trade
Ship types
Gooding County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2020 census, the population was 15,598. Its county seat is Gooding. It is named for Frank R. Gooding, an early 20th Century governor and United States Senator from Idaho.

Communities
Bliss
Gooding
Hagerman
Wendell

References 

 

 
1913 establishments in Idaho
Lost River is a city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It had 42 residents at the 2020 census.

Geography
Lost River is located at  (43.721785, -113.544931).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .  of it is land and  is water.

Its named after the Big Lost River.

References

Cities in Idaho
Custer County, Idaho
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was President of Brazil. He was the dictator from 1930 to 1945. His first 15-year long rule is known as the Vargas Era. Then he was elected President in 1951 and served until 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President. He was second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism. Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". He was a supporter of workers rights and was very much an anti-communist. He committed suicide by shooting himself with a gun, after he was forced by the Brazilian military to resign from the Presidency.

In 2014, sixty years after his death, the movie Getúlio which depicts the events that ended with his suicide, was shot.

References 

1882 births
1954 deaths
Brazilian lawyers
Politicians who committed suicide
Presidents of Brazil
Former dictators
Anti-communists
Suicides by firearm
Custer County is a county in U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2020 census, the population was 4,249. The county seat is Challis.

Communities

Cities
Challis
Clayton
Lost River
Mackay
Stanley

Unincorporated communities
 Ellis 
 Goldburg

Ghost towns
 Bayhorse 
 Bonanza 
 Custer

References

Other websites

Challis School District #181 

 

 
1881 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Idaho Territory
Bosler is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States, along the Laramie River.  It lies along the concurrent U.S. Routes 30 and 287 north of Laramie.  Its elevation is 7,080 feet (2,158 m).  Although Bosler is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 82051.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Gordon Goody (11 March 1929 – 29 January 2016) was a British criminal and small businessman. He was born in London, England. Goody was known for playing a role in the Great Train Robbery in 1963 that was lead by Bruce Reynolds.Goody was sentenced to 30 years in jail, but was released in 1975. A year after his release, he moved to Spain were he opened a small business as a bar owner.

Goody died at his home in Mojácar, Spain from a heart attack on 29 January 2016 at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 
 Great Train Robber Gordon Goody Confesses 50 Years On
 Great Train Robbers, Who Were They?

1929 births
2016 deaths
British people convicted of assault
Criminals from London
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Andalusia
Great Train Robbers
There are 99 incorporated municipalities in the state of Wyoming.

Cities and towns

Related pages
List of census-designated places in Wyoming

References

Wyoming
This page lists census-designated places (CDPs) in the U.S. state of Wyoming. At the 2010 census, there were 104 census-designated places in Wyoming.

By name (alphabetically)

By county
Twenty-one of Wyoming's twenty-three counties contain census-designated places.
Albany County (Albany, Centennial, Fox Park, Woods Landing-Jelm)
Big Horn County (Hyattville, Shell)
Campbell County (Antelope Valley-Crestview, Sleepy Hollow)
Carbon County (Arlington, Ryan Park)
Converse County (Esterbrook, Orin)
Crook County (Beulah)
Fremont County (Arapahoe, Atlantic City, Boulder Flats, Crowheart, Ethete, Fort Washakie, Jeffrey City, Johnstown)
Goshen County (Hawk Springs, Huntley, Veteran)
Hot Springs County (Lucerne, Owl Creek)
Lincoln County (Alpine Northeast, Alpine Northwest, Auburn, Bedford, Etna, Fairview, Fontenelle, Freedom, Grover, Nordic, Oakley, Osmond, Smoot, Taylor, Turnerville)
Laramie County (Carpenter, Fox Farm-College, Hillsdale, Ranchettes, South Greeley, Warren AFB)
Natrona County (Alcova, Antellope Hills, Brookhurst, Bessemer Bend, Casper Mountain, Hartrandt, Homa Hills, Meadow Acres, Mountain View, Powder River, Red Butte, Vista West)
Niobrara County (Lance Creek)
Park County (Garland, Mammoth, Ralston)
Platte County (Chugcreek, Lakeview North, Slater, Westview Circle, Whiting, Y-O Ranch)
Sheridan County (Arvada, Big Horn, Parkman, Story)
Sublette County (Bondurant, Boulder, Cora, Daniel)
Sweetwater County (Arrowhead Springs, Clearview Acres, Eden, Farson, James Town, Little America, McKinnon, North Rock Springs, Purple Sage, Reliance, Table Rock, Washam)
Teton County (Alta, Hoback, Kelly, Moose Wilson Road, Rafter J Ranch, South Park, Teton Village, Wilson)
Uinta County (Carter, Fort Bridger, Lonetree, Robertson, Urie)
Weston County (Hill View Heights, Osage)
By population

Places with more than 1,000 people
Antelope Valley-Crestview
Arapahoe
Ethete
Fort Washakie
Fox Farm-College
Hoback
Moose Wilson Road
North Rock Springs
Rafter J Ranch
Ranchettes
Sleepy Hollow
South Greeley
South Park
Warren AFB
Wilson

Places with 500 to 1,000 people
Clearview Acres
Hartrandt
James Town
Lucerne
Nordic
Purple Sage
Reliance
Story
Vista West

Places with 100 to 500 people
Alpine Northwest
Alpine Northeast
Alta
Auburn
Bedford
Bessemer Bend
Big Horn
Boulder Flats
Boulder
Brookhurst
Casper Mountain
Centennial
Chugcreek
Cora
Crowheart
Daniel
Eden
Etna
Fairview
Farson
Fort Bridger
Freedom
Garland
Grover
Hill View Heights
Homa Hills
Johnstown
Kelly
Mammoth
Meadow Acres
Osage
Osmond
Parkman
Ralston
Red Butte
Smoot
Teton Village
Turnerville
Urie
Y-O Ranch
Places with fewer than 100 people
Albany
Alcova
Antellope Hills
Arlington
Arrowhead Springs
Arvada
Atlantic City
Beulah
Bondurant
Carpenter
Carter
Esterbrook
Fontenelle
Fox Park
Hawk Springs
Hillsdale
Huntley
Hyattville
Jeffrey City
Lakeview North
Lance Creek
Little America
Lonetree
McKinnon
Mountain View
Oakley
Orin
Owl Creek
Powder River
Robertson
Ryan Park
Shell
Slater
Table Rock
Taylor
Veteran
Washam
Westview Circle
Whiting
Woods Landing-Jelm

Related pages
List of municipalities in Wyoming

References

Other websites 
Population Finder: US Census Bureau

 
Lists of settlements in the United States
Powell is a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 6,314 at the 2010 census.

Cities in Wyoming
Park County, Wyoming
Albany is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. Its population was 55 at the 2010 census.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Census-designated places in Wyoming
Centennial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 270 at the 2010 census.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Census-designated places in Wyoming
Ellis is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 93  northeast of Challis. Ellis has a post office with ZIP code 83235.

References

Custer County, Idaho
Unincorporated communities in Idaho
Lander is a unincorporated community in Farmington Township in Warren County, Pennsylvania. 

Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania
Farmington is an unincorporated community in Belmont County, Ohio, United States.

History
Farmington was laid out in 1818. A former variant name of Farmington was Cope. A post office called Cope was established in 1874, and operated until 1895.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Hershey is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey.

The community is located  east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,257 at the 2010 census.

References

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Lovell is an unincorporated community in Wyandot County, Ohio.

History
Lovell was founded in the 1870s soon when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Lovell in 1877, and operated until 1909. The community was named for its founder, Lovell B. Harris.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Agnès Varda (30 May 1928 – 29 March 2019) was a French movie director and producer, screenwriter, editor, actress, artist, photographer. She was also a professor at the European Graduate School.

Her movies, photographs, and artworks focused on realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinct experimental style. Movie historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave movie movement. She was known for her works Cleo de 5 a 7, La Pointe Courte, and Vagabond.

Varda was born in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium to French parents. She studied at École des Beaux-Arts. Varda was married to Jacques Demy from 1962 until his death in 1990. They had one daughter, Rosalie.

Varda died of cancer on 29 March 2019 in Paris, at the age of 90.
Awards and honours
Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival for Vagabond/Without Roof or Rule
2002 - René Clair Award.
2009 - The Beaches of Agnès won the César Award for best documentary film
12 April 2009 - made Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur
May 2010 - Directors' Fortnight's 8th Carosse d'Or award for lifetime achievement at the Cannes Film Festival
14 May 2013 - promoted to Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit of France
10 August 2014 -Leopard of Honour award at the 67th Locarno Film Festival
13 December 2014 - Lifetime Achievement Award from the European Film Academy
24 May 2015 - honorary Palme d'or

References

Other websites
Other websites

  
 Agnès Varda  Faculty Page @ European Graduate School Biography, bibliography, films and quotes.
 Watch 17 films of Agnes Varda at www.dafilms.com
 Biography on newwavefilm.com
 Ciné-Tamaris
 Jonathan Romney, The Beaches of Agnès (Sight & Sound 'Film of the Month') 
 "A Talk: Agnès Varda ," 2009, (Frieze Foundation Talks) 
 Agnès Varda  talks about cinema and her work

1928 births
2019 deaths
Cinematographers
French artists
French academics
French feminists
French movie actors
French movie directors
French movie producers
French photographers
French screenwriters
French movie editors
People from Brussels-Capital Region
U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinions, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. It was founded as a weekly news magazine in 1933. Since 2010, it mainly publishes its content on the internet. U.S. News is best known today for its influential rankings of colleges and hospitals. It has expanded its content on education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.

The editorial staff of U.S. News & World Report is based in Washington, D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content editor since April 2007. The company is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman.

References

Other websites
 , which includes:
 U.S.News & World Rankings – Rankings main website
 America's Best High Schools
 Reviews and Rankings for the Best Cars and Trucks

Newspapers in the United States
Richard Sugarman (born July 12, 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of Religion and Philosophy at the University of Vermont. He has been called a "world-renowned expert on the Lithuanian-born philosopher Emmanuel Levinas." He is a political advisor to presidential candidate Bernie Sanders on his 2016 presidential campaign.

He studied philosophy at Yale and Boston University.

Sugarman is of Jewish descent. He is an Orthodox Jew and also a Zionist.

References

Works

1944 births
Living people
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Boston University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Scientists from New York (state)
Writers from Buffalo, New York
Yale University alumni
Zionists
Academics from New York (state)
Huck Gutman (born about 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of English at the University of Vermont. He was the Chief of Staff to U.S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. He co-wrote Sanders' political memoir, Outsider in the White House.

References

Works

1944 births
Living people
Academics from Vermont
People from Burlington, Vermont
Outsider in the White House is a political memoir written by Huck Gutman and Bernie Sanders. It was first published as Outsider in the House in 1997. It was republished in 2015, when Sanders ran for President of the United States. The book contains an afterword by journalist John Nichols. 

The book talks about Sanders's support for the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. This law gives United States citizens the right to own guns.

References

1997 books
2015 books
Bernie Sanders
American autobiographies
John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper (10 September 1935 – 29 January 2016) was a British politician.

Roper was elected Member of Parliament for Farnworth in 1970. He sat as a Labour Co-operative MP from 1970 to 1981, and for the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1981 to 1983, when he was also the party's Chief Whip. His Farnworth seat was then abolished, and he contested the seat of Worsley at the 1983 general election. He finished third in a three-way marginal election.

On 12 May 2000, he was created a life peer as Baron Roper, of Thorney Island in the City of Westminster. He was the Liberal Democrat Chief Whip in the House of Lords until 2005. He was then appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. In 2008, he was elected Principal Deputy Chairman of Committees. He retired from the House of Lords on 23 May 2015.

Roper died on 29 January 2016 after a long illness. He was aged 80.

References

Other websites
Lord Roper  profile at the site of Liberal Democrats
Who's Who 2002 entry
1935 births
2016 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Social Democratic Party (UK) MPs
United Kingdom Life Peers
Aleš Debeljak (25 December 1961 – 28 January 2016) was a Slovenian cultural critic, poet, and essayist. He was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. From the mid-1980s onwards, Debeljak took an active part in civil society movements. He was one of the co-editors of popular journal Nova revija.

Debeljak was killed in a car crash on 28 January 2016. He was aged 54.

References

Other websites
Personal Page (Faculty for Social Sciences, Ljubljana) 
Biography and bibliography
Aleš Debeljak's "Without Anesthesia" in Blackbird: an online journal of literature and the arts

1961 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths
Slovenian poets
Cultural critics
People from Ljubljana
Augusto Giomo (3 February 1940 – 27 January 2016) was an Italian basketball player. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He finished in fourth and fifth place. His younger brother Giorgio played for Italy at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Treviso.

Giomo died in Treviso, from cancer, on 27 January 2016. He was aged 75.

References

1940 births
2016 deaths
1960 Summer Olympics
1964 Summer Olympics
Italian basketball players
Italian Olympians
Sportspeople from Veneto
Paul Ichiro Terasaki (September 10, 1929 – January 25, 2016) was an American scientist. He worked in the field of human organ transplant technology. He was the Professor Emeritus of Surgery at UCLA School of Medicine. Terasaki was born in Los Angeles, California. 

In 1964, Terasaki developed the microcytotoxicity test. This is a tissue-typing test for organ transplant donors and recipients. It required only 1 microliter of antisera used to identify human leukocyte antigens (HLA).

Terasaki died on January 25, 2016 after a long illness in Beverly Hills, California. He was aged 86.

References

Other websites
  See also its links to oral history video clips.

1929 births
2016 deaths
Educators from Los Angeles
American philanthropists
Scientists from Los Angeles
Słopnice  is a village in southern Poland. It is located in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Słopnice. It is located about  west of Limanowa and  south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Villages in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Michel Legrand (24 February 1932 – 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and pianist. He was born Courbevoie, in present-day France.

Legrand was a well-known composer. He has written over 200 movie and television scores, as well as many memorable songs. 

He was best known for his movie music, such as The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) and The Thomas Crown Affair (1968). The Thomas Crown Affair featured the song "The Windmills of Your Mind". Legrand won his first Academy Award for this song. He would win another Academy Award in 1971 for Summer of '42.

Legrand died suddenly from sepsis after suffering from a lung infection in Paris on 26 January 2019 at the age of 86.

Influences
Legrand stated composers like Stan Kenton, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Oscar Peterson, Bill Evans, Gil Evans, Django Reinhardt, Nat King Cole, Art Tatum, Dizzy Gillespie, Erroll Garner, Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, Dave Brubeck, Earl Hines and Teddy Wilson as influences.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
Biography of Michel Legrand , from Radio France Internationale

non official website of Michel Legrand

1932 births
2019 deaths
Academy Award winning composers
BAFTA Award winners
20th-century French composers
French conductors
French pianists
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Musicians from Paris
A pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR) is a nuclear reactor developed by Canada. It commonly uses uranium as its fuel. It uses heavy water (deuterium oxide D2O) as its coolant and neutron moderator. The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure. This allows it to be heated to higher temperatures without boiling. While heavy water is a lot more expensive than ordinary water, it creates greatly enhanced neutron economy. This allows the reactor to operate without fuel-enrichment facilities (offsetting the additional expense of the heavy water).

Related pages
 Pressurized water reactor

References 

Nuclear power plants
Nuclear energy
Myth Makers: Trixie in Toyland is a platforming video game for the computer, PlayStation 2, and most recently the Nintendo Wii. The game was created by Data Design Interactive, a British company. It is one of three parts of their Myth Makers series of video games.

References 

2005 video games
3D platform games
PlayStation 2 games
Wii games