Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Based on the narrative of Denys Lombard (expert of eastern customs and traditions) in his book entitled Le carrefour Javanais: Essai d'histoire globale II, one of the ancient records that alludes to Laksa (as a noodle dish) can only be found in the Old Javanese Biluluk inscription dating back to 1391 era of Majapahit empire which mentions the word  (modern spelling: Hanglaksa), which those Old Javanese word means "noodles/vermicilli maker". Those Old Javanese word is thought to have been taken from the Sanskrit, namely लक्ष (Lakhshah) which means "one hundred thousand", although this Sanskrit word does not have any indication of any connection with the noodle dish in general; however the "-shah" at the end of the word indicates that this word was most likely influenced by the Old Persian terminology.

Variety
Variety 

There are different types of Laksa developed all over the world. However, all these variants essentially have the same essence; which is a noodle dish (or pasta) which is usually served with a variety of sauces with various fillings.

In Indonesia 
In Indonesia, there are many kinds of Laksa. They were made following the local tastes and culinary traditions of the local community. Among the popular Indonesian Laksa variants are:

Banjar laksa 

Banjar laksa has different appearance from laksa in general, the laksa noodles in Banjar laksa are usually unraveled, but woven together to form a roll-like unit. For the soup, Banjar laksa usually uses a mixture of local fish that has gone through a refining process first. Various special spices (formerly imported from the Maluku Islands) are also mixed together with coconut milk. The soup color of Banjar laksa sauce usually tends to be orange in color because it also contains a little mixture of  (a type of Sambal typical of Banjarmasin).
Bogor laksa 
 
The Bogor laksa is characterized by the prominent usage of  (a Sundanese vegan food similar to Tempeh) which usually grilled first. It is also sometimes eaten with  (Javanese rice cake) or  (Javanese potato patty) as a complement to the dish. The broth of Bogor laksa usually uses a mixture of various special spices mixed together with coconut milk. The color of Bogor laksa soup usually tends to be greenish yellow.

Betawi laksa 

Based on its history, the Betawi Laksa is actually a developed version of Cibinong laksa. It was originally developed in the Cibinong district of Bogor Regency. However, the Betawi Laksa variation is becoming more popular than its predecessor due to getting greater exposure. In 1988, Betawi laksa was named as one of the winners of the Betawi Food Festival at the 26th anniversary celebration of the Hotel Indonesia in Jakarta.
In Singapore 
The variants of Laksa in Singapore usually have Chinese influence, one of the popular Singaporean Laksa variants is the one from the Katong district.

Katong laksa 

The Katong laksa originally developed to popularize the Katong district as recreational place. After the official visit of President Tony Tan Keng Yam in 2013 to Katong district, the popularity of Katong laksa started to grow and reach international audience.

References

Notes 

Soups
Noodles
Scarface is a 1983 American crime thriller movie. It was directed by Brian De Palma, written by Oliver Stone, produced by Martin Bregman and stars Al Pacino. The story is about Tony Montana, a Cuban criminal who moves to Miami, Florida and creates his own cocaine business. It is a loose remake of the 1932 movie Scarface. The movie made $85 million.

Story 
Tony Montana is a prisoner from Cuba who is coming to the United States on a boat to escape the oppressive Communist government. Once there, he works for Frank Lopez, a Miami drug lord.

Soon, Tony kills Frank and takes over his business. He also marries Elvira, Frank's girlfriend who at first refused to go out with Tony because of Frank. Soon, Tony becomes very rich and powerful because of his growing cocaine empire. He meets Alejandro Sosa, a powerful Bolivian drug lord. Elvira later leaves Tony because she feels that despite all of their money and power, Tony's criminal lifestyle and drug problems make them losers.
Tony is eventually arrested for not paying taxes and even though he would be able to bribe some of the judges, he will still have to go to jail for three years. Sosa offers to have one of his contacts in the Justice Department write off Tony's charges if Tony kills a journalist who is going to make a speech against Sosa to the United Nations. Tony plants a bomb on the target's car, but sees the journalist's family inside it, and does not make the bomb go off. Tony later visits his best friend, Manny, but when he sees his sister, Gina, with him, he kills him. Gina reveals that she and Manny got married a few days earlier and wanted to surprise Tony. Tony, feeling extreme guilt for killing his friend and ruining his sister's life, withdraws to his mansion and begins to snort large amounts of cocaine. Sosa gets angry and sends many men to Miami to kill Tony. When the men enter Tony's mansion, they kill Gina and most of his men
. Angry and sad at the death of his sister, Tony singlehandedly kills many of Sosa's men in a major shootout. Tony is then shot in the back by an assassin with a shotgun, and falls into his fountain below, dead.
References

 Scarface wallpapers
1983 crime movies
1983 thriller movies
1980s crime thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
American gangster movies
American movie remakes
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
1980s English-language movies
Movies directed by Brian De Palma
Movies set in Miami
Universal Pictures movies
American drama movies
Movies about the illegal drug trade
Contract killing is murder where a person or group is paid (usually money) to kill someone else. Someone who does this is known as a hit man (also hitman), or assassin. Contract killing is illegal, and is punishable, sometimes by death. Contract killing is often used by the mafia.

Murders
MDMA is illegal in most countries. Possessing, making or selling it could result in criminal prosecution and a possible prison term. Some countries, such as the U.S., have made limited exceptions to these laws for research. There have been some initial studies on whether it can help patients with severe PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) make progress in therapy if they take very low doses of MDMA immediately before appointments (under medical supervision). , MDMA has no accepted medical uses. The use of MDMA has become more widespread in recent years. Among teens surveyed in 2018, more than 4% of 12th graders in the U.S. reported using ecstasy at some point in their lives. Even some very young teens are experimenting with the drug. More than 1.5% of 8th graders reported ever having used the drug.
Many ecstasy tablets, especially those sold online on the “dark net” are more potent than ever before, as well. According to one European study, while tablets in the 90s and early 2000s average about 50–80 mg, the average dose of an ecstasy tablet on the current market is now 125 mg. Some “super pills” have been marketed, with doses ranging between 270 and 340 mg.

Effects on health
MDMA has many effects on the human body and brain. It makes the brain release the chemicals serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. During MDMA use the body also makes more of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin.

All these effects together can make MDMA dangerous to use. The change in body temperature and the tendency to dance for hours on end can make users dehydrate if not enough water is drunk during this time (an example of dehydration and hyperthermia). Lots of dancing can also put pressure on the heart. People with existing heart conditions are vulnerable to these negative side effects.
Around 7 people die out of every million that use MDMA. Mostly this is due to overheating and dehydration. However, it is possible to drink too much water, swelling the brain and causing death. Many people have died from this after taking MDMA. Another factor is the hormone vasopressin, which is released during MDMA use. Vasopressin restricts the body's urge to urinate, which helps to get rid of excess liquid in the body before it becomes a problem.

No current legal use
Ecstasy is illegal in most, if not all, countries. In the United States, it is classified as a "Schedule I" drug. Schedule I drugs have no official medical use and are highly addictive. Some scientists believe Ecstasy may be useful in therapy since it has been found to reduce fear in some individuals. Recently, there has been some research on if it can help people with severe PTSD confront painful memories during therapy appointments. It may also have potential to help people diagnosed with cancer manage their anxiety about death.

Notes
Notes

References

Illegal drugs
Organonitrogen compounds
Psychoactive drugs
The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a scale that is used to sort tropical cyclones in the Western Hemisphere. It is only used for storms that are stronger than "tropical storms", and become actual hurricanes. The categories into which the scale separates hurricanes are noted by the strength of their maximum sustained wind speeds. The classifications are used mainly to predict the possible wind damage a hurricane will create when it makes landfall. It does not measure rainfall or storm surge or how wide the storm is.

The scale is also used to classify subtropical cyclones after a change in the rules made by the National Hurricane Center in 2002.

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is used only to describe hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean and northern Pacific Ocean, to the east of the International Date Line. Other areas call their tropical storms by other names, and use their own classification scales.

Examples

Category 1

Dangerous winds will produce some damage
Category 1 storms may damage roofs, shingles, vinyl sidings, and gutters to well-constructed frame homes. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days.

Hurricanes that peaked at Category 1 intensity and made landfall at that intensity include: Agnes (1972), Juan (1985), Ismael (1995), Gaston (2004), Stan (2005), Humberto (2007), Isaac (2012), Manuel (2013), Earl (2016),  Hermine (2016), Nate (2017), Barry (2019), Hanna (2020), Isaias (2020), Nana (2020), Julia (2022), Lisa (2022), and Nicole (2022).

Category 2

Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage
Category 2 storms may produce extremely dangerous winds that will cause extensive damage: Well-constructed frame homes could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks.

Hurricanes that peaked at Category 2 intensity and made landfall at that intensity include: Able (1952), Alice (1954), Ella (1958), Fifi (1974), Diana (1990), Gert (1993), Rosa (1994), Erin (1995), Alma (1996), Juan (2003), Alex (2010), Richard (2010), Tomas (2010), Carlotta (2012), Ernesto (2012), Arthur (2014), Sally (2020), and Zeta (2020).

Category 3

Devastating damage will occur
Tropical cyclones of Category 3 and higher are major hurricanes, and devastating damage will occur: Well-built framed homes may incur major damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees will be snapped or uprooted, blocking numerous roads. Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes.

Hurricanes that peaked at Category 3 intensity and made landfall at that intensity include: Easy (1950), Carol (1954), Hilda (1955), Audrey (1957), Celia (1970), Ella (1970), Caroline (1975), Eloise (1975), Olivia (1975), Alicia (1983), Elena (1985), Roxanne (1995), Fran (1996), Isidore (2002), Jeanne (2004), Lane (2006), Karl (2010), and Otto (2016).

Category 4

Catastrophic damage will occur
Category 4 storms may cause catastrophic damage. Well-built framed homes can sustain severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles downed. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.

The 1900 Galveston hurricane, the deadliest natural disaster (at the time) to hit the United States, peaked at an intensity that corresponds to a modern-day Category 4 storm. Other examples of storms that peaked at Category 4 intensity and made landfall at that intensity include: Donna (1960), Flora (1963), Cleo (1964), Betsy (1965), Carmen (1974), Frederic (1979), Iniki (1992), Iris (2001), Charley (2004), Dennis (2005),Ike (2008), Joaquin (2015), Harvey (2017),  Laura (2020), Eta (2020), Iota 2020), Ida (2021), Ian (2022), Fiona (2022).

Category 5

Near-total damage will occur
Category 5 is the highest category of the Saffir–Simpson scale. These storms cause roofs to break apart on many buildings, and some building may break apart, with small utility buildings blown over or away. Collapse of many roofs and walls, especially those with no inside supports, is common. Very heavy and unfixable damage to many wooden buildings and total destruction to mobile/manufactured homes is common. Only a few types of buildings can survive, and only if located at least  inland. They include office, condominium and apartment buildings and hotels that are of concrete or steel frame construction, multi-story concrete parking garages, and residences that are made of either lots of brick or concrete/cement block and have roofs with slopes of no less than 35 degrees from a horizontal angle and no overhangs of any kind, and if the windows are either made of hurricane-resistant safety glass or covered with shutters
. Unless most of these requirements are met, the catastrophic destruction of a structure may occur.
The storm's flooding causes major damage to the lower floors of all structures near the shoreline, and many coastal structures can be completely flattened or washed away by the storm surge. Virtually all trees are uprooted or snapped and some may be debarked, isolating most affected communities. Massive evacuation of residential areas may be required if the hurricane threatens populated areas. Total and extremely long-lived power outages and water losses are to be expected, possibly for up to several months.

Historical examples of storms that made landfall at Category 5 status include: "Cuba" (1924), "Okeechobee" (1928), "Bahamas" (1932), "Cuba–Brownsville" (1933), "Labor Day" (1935), Janet (1955), Camille (1969), Edith (1971), Anita (1977), David (1979), Gilbert (1988), Andrew (1992), Dean (2007), Felix (2007), Irma (2017), Maria (2017), Michael (2018), and Dorian (2019). No Category 5 hurricane is known to have made landfall at that strength in the eastern Pacific basin.

References
References

Tropical cyclones
Winds
The Eastern Catholic Churches are autocephalous Christian churches. They recognize the Bishop of Rome as their spiritual leader, like other Catholics.They differ on ideas as how a mass should be organised, or which prayers are more important than others. 

In total there are 23 such churches, the probably best known are listed below:

 Coptic Catholic Church
 Maronite Church
 Armenian Catholic Church
 Chaldean Catholic Church
 Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
 Syro-Malankara Catholic Church

Related pages 

 Eastern Christianity

Other websites
Other websites

General
 Orientale Lumen - Apostolic Letter of Pope John Paul II on the Eastern Churches
 Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium - original text of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, with concordance
 Code of canons of the Oriental Churchs - defective English translation, with concordance
 Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches  - Instruction by Congregation for the Eastern Churches
 What All Catholics Should Know About Eastern Catholic Churches 
 Eastern Catholics in the United States of America - adapted from a similar publication by the Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference
Individual Churches
 Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate —Official Website
 Maronite Patriarchate —Official Website
 Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church —Official Website
 Syro Malankara Catholic Church International Homepage —Official Website
 Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
 Byzantine Catholic Church in America—Information and Messageboards
 Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh—Official Website
Sanjaya Joseph Malakar (; ; born September 10, 1989) is an American singer. He is best known for being on the sixth season of American Idol. He was not well liked by the program's judges, mainly Simon Cowell. He was voted off after the top 7 participants.

References

1989 births
Living people
Singers from Washington (state)
American Idol contestants
Pangolins (or scaly anteaters) are mammals which live in Africa and Asia. They have scales on their skin. They are the only mammals which have this adaptation.

There are three genera of pangolin, all of which eat ants and termites. They catch their food using their tongues, and they do not eat anything else. These scaled mammals are one of the most threatened groups of mammals. 
Unfortunately we know very little of their distribution in West African countries. Evidence of the white bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) has been found. No evidence of the giant pangolin (Smutsia gigantic) was found. Perhaps the giant pangolin no longer appears in West Africa.

Pangolins have features of armadillos (long, ant eating tongue and broad tail) and sloths (claws), but the pangolin is in a completely different order. The pangolin belongs to the order Pholidota.
Pangolins have large, hardened, overlapping plate-like scales. The pangolin scales are made of keratin. and are attached to muscles under the skin. and can be moved to point towards predators. Hair grows between the scales and near the rear of the animal.

The pangolin's scaled body is a bit like a pine cone or globe artichoke. It can curl up into a ball when threatened, with its overlapping scales acting like armour while it tucks its face under its tail. The scales are sharp, providing extra defence from predators.

A pangolin's main predators are wild cats, hyenas and humans.
A mother pangolin's gestation period is between 120 and 180 days. Young pangolin are born with scales, and they harden by the second day the pangopup is out of the womb.

When walking on a level surface the pangolin is bipedal. It walks on the back legs. Its body is held horizontal, and is balanced by its heavy tail at the back.
Sometimes pangolins are smuggled into China on the black market. Their scales are used as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

Pangolins are a critically endangered species and have been hunted and trafficked all across Asia and Africa. They are usually sought for their scales, meat and medical properties. This creature is a host for SARS-CoV-2 and similar viruses.

References

Other websites 
 Pangolin: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation
 A photograph of a pangolin
 Paul Kuniholm Pangolin Mural
 

Mammals
Antananarivo is the capital city of Madagascar. It is the largest city in the country. The city is the administrative, communications and economic center of Madagascar.

Antananarivo has a population of over 1.4 million people. Including an Anglican cathedral and a Roman Catholic cathedral, there are about fifty churches in the city and its suburbs. There is also a Muslim mosque. Antananarivo is home of the University of Madagascar and the Collège Rural d'Ambatobe.

History 
Antananarivo was founded in about 1625 by King Andrianjaka. The name, Antananarivo, means the City of the Thousand. It comes from the number of soldiers Andrianjaka used to guard the city.
Until 1869 all buildings in the city were of wood or rushes. Since the introduction of stone and brick, the whole city has been rebuilt. It now has many notable structures. For example, the royal palaces, the Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals, several stone and brick churches, colleges, schools, hospitals, courts of justice and other government buildings.

The city was captured by the French in 1895. Since then, good roads have been built in the city.

References

Other websites 
Antananarivo Renivohitra website 

National capitals in Africa
1625 establishments
17th-century establishments in Africa
Geography of Madagascar
Alex (1976–2007) was an African grey parrot.

Purpose 
He was part of a study under animal psychologist Irene Pepperberg since 1977 at two different universities: Brandeis University in Massachusetts and before that, University of Arizona. He died on Sept 7, 2007, of yet unknown causes. He knew about 100 words as of 2000, and was not ordinary because he appeared to understand what he said. For example, when Alex was shown an object and was asked about its shape, color, or material, he could label it correctly. If he was asked the difference between two things, he would also answer that, but if there was no difference between the things, he would say “none.”

Alex's name is an acronym. ALEX is short for Avian Learning EXperiment.

Other websites
Alex Foundation

Parrots
Individual animals
Lobamba is the legislative capital of Eswatini (which used to be called Swaziland). The Parliament of Eswatini and home of the Queen Mother are in this city. It is located in the west of the country, in the district of Hhohho. Its population is about 10,000 people.

Lobamba is famous for two ceremonies. The Reed Dance is in August and September. This celebration is in honour of the Queen Mother. The Incwala Kingship, in December and January, is in honour of the King. These ceremonies include dancing, singing, and celebrations with traditional clothing.

The Embo State Palace, the Royal Kraal, Swazi National Museum, Swazi Parliament and a museum about Sobhuza II of Eswatini are in the town. The Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary and Matsapha Airport lie nearby.

Notes 

Cities in Eswatini
Franklin Roberto Lashley (born July 16, 1976) is an American professional wrestler, mixed martial artist and former collegiate amateur wrestler. He is better known as Bobby Lashley. He is currently signed to the WWE where he is the United States Champion. He is also known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he competed under the ring name Lashley.

Lashley was released from the WWE on February 4, 2008. He returned to WWE on April 8, 2018, where he currently appears on Raw. He is also an MMA fighter, where he was considered a top draw for Bellator. He has not fought professionally since 2016.

Wrestling career 
Lashley went to Missouri Valley College. While he was there, he won three national amateur wrestling championships between 1996 and 1998. During 1997 and 1998 he was the NAIA National Wrestling Champion. He wrestled at the weight of 177 pounds (80 kilograms). Lashley later joined the United States Army, where he continued to wrestle.
In November 2003, Lashley started professional wrestling. He began working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). WWE sent him to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), where he started his training under Lance Storm. During 2005, Lashley appeared at four live events for both the RAW and SmackDown! brands. On September 23 2005, Lashley made his televised WWE debut on SmackDown!

On November 14, Lashley moved to the ECW brand. Lashley signed a contract for the final spot in a six-man match for the ECW World Championship at December to Dismember. Lashley won the match and became the new ECW World Champion. This made Lashley the first African American to hold the ECW title. Lashley lost the title to Vince McMahon in May of 2007. On June 3, 2007, he defeated McMahon to get the title back.

On the June 19, 2014 episode on Impact Wrestling, Lashley defeated Eric Young to win his first TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

Acting
Acting

Movies
The Way of War - Tattooed Hispanic Man (2009)
Beatdown - Lucius (2010)
Blood Out - Hector (2011)
Walk-ins Welcome - Felix (2011)

References

Other websites 

Lashley Nutrition - official website 
TNA profile 

1976 births
Living people
African-American movie actors
African-American wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
Military people from Kansas
American mixed martial artists
American professional wrestlers
WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Kansas
Newry () is a city in Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom. It is partly in County Armagh and partly in County Down. It is the eighth largest city in Ireland. 27,430 people live in the city. A picture of a local bridge is on some British pound coins.

References 

Cities in Northern Ireland
County Armagh
County Down
Shizuka Arakawa () is a figure skater from Japan. She went to the Olympics in 1998 for the first time at age 16. They were held in Nagano, Japan. She won the gold medal in single skating at the Olympics in 2006. That was the only medal for Japan at the 2006 Olympics. She also won the World Championships in 2004.

Other websites 
 Shizuka-Arakawa.com
 International Skating Union page 

Japanese figure skaters
1981 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Tokyo
Ellipsis is a term of punctuation marks with a row of three points (...). Its name comes from the ancient Greek word ἔλλειψις (omission/falling short). Notice that the three dots are not spaced as full points: they are a separate special typographic sign.

Depending on context and place in a sentence, ellipses can indicate an unfinished thought, a leading statement, a slight pause, a mysterious or echoing voice, or a nervous or awkward silence. An ellipsis can be used to trail off into silence—for example: But I thought he was...

 So much more could be said...

When text is quoted from a book or a newspaper, it stands for words that have been cut out to save space in a page. For example:
 "...one day all Americans will live peacefully throughout the world...they will be at peace with all other world inhabitants..."

When speaking, it can be referred to as "dot-dot-dot".
In mathematics, different symbols for ellipsis are used to a similar effect. These include the horizontal ellipsis symbols  and , along with vertical ellipsis symbols such as  and  .

Related pages
Punctuation

References 

 Bringhurst, Robert 2002. The elements of typographic style (version 2.5), pp 82–83. Vancouver: Hartley & Marks Publishers. 
 Morris, William 1980. The Houghton Mifflin Canadian dictionary of the English language, page 424. Markham, Ontario: Houghton Mifflin Canada. 

Punctuation
Typography
Mamoudzou is the capital of the French department of Mayotte. It is off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean. Mamoudzou is largest commune (municipality) of Mayotte. It has a population of 45,485.

Mamoudzou is a part of France on Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), the main island of Mayotte. The former capital of Mayotte was Dzaoudzi, on the small island of Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi). Mamoudzou was chosen as the capital in 1977.

Other websites

Capital cities in Africa
Communes in Mayotte
Departmental capitals in France
Regional capitals in France
Moroni (Arabic: موروني) is the capital of the Comoros. It is the largest city in the country. Moroni replaced Dzaoudzi as the capital in 1962.  The city has a population of about 60,200 people.

The city is located on the western coast of Grande Comore island.  Moroni is served by the Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport.  There is also a harbour which has ship which go between the African mainland and the islands in the Comoros archipelago, as well as Madagascar and other Indian ocean islands.

History
Moroni became the capital of Comoros in 1958.

References

Other websites

National capitals in Africa
Geography of the Comoros
Porto-Novo (also known as Hogbonou and Adjacé) is the capital of the West African country of Benin. The city has a population of 223,552 people  Porto-Nova is a port on an inlet of the Gulf of Guinea, in the southeastern part of the country. Porto-Novo is Benin's second largest city. The city of Cotonou is larger and more important, culturally and politically. The region around Porto-Novo produces palm oil, cotton and kapok. Petroleum was found off the coast of the city in the 1990s. It has become an important export of the city.
Things to see 
 The Porto Novo Museum of Ethnography has a large collection of Yoruba masks. It also has items on the history of the city and of Benin.
 King Toffa's palace (also known as the Musée Honmé and the Royal Palace) is now a museum that shows what life was like for African royalty.
 Jardin Place Jean Bayol is a large plaza which has a statue of the first King of Porto-Novo.
 The da Silva Museum is a museum of Benin history.
 The palais de Gouverneur (Governor's palace) is the home of the national legislature.

Another place of interest is a Brazilian-style church which is now a mosque. Stade Municipale and Stade Charles de Gaulle, or Charles de Gaulle Stadium, are the largest football stadiums in the city.

Notes

Other websites 
 Official Republic of Benin tourism site for Porto-Novo 
 Images of the Central Mosque of Porto-Novo 

National capitals in Africa
Settlements in Benin
Praia is the capital of the island nation of Cape Verde.  It lies on Santiago island in the Sotavento archipelago. The city has, in 2010, a population of 127,832. Praia is Cape Verde's largest city. It is also the commercial center of the country. The name Praia means "beach" in Portuguese.

Praia has a port that transports coffee, sugar cane, and tropical fruits.  Praia also has a fishing industry. The city is home to one of the nation's two international airports. There are resort beaches nearby.

Things to see
Some of the interesting things to see in Praia include:
 Albuquerque Square
 The old city hall
 The Presidential Palace - built in the end of the 19th century, it was used for the Portuguese governor

Other things
Praia has many schools,  churches, beaches, ports, and a university named after Jean Piaget.

References

Other websites 

 Praia official website 
 Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde

National capitals in Africa
Municipalities of Cape Verde
The Coptic Catholic Church is a church in full communion with the Pope in Rome instead of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. The church has about 162,000 members (as of 2007). Most of the members are in Egypt. Coptic Catholics are seen as a schism from the Coptic Orthodox Church. They left that church in order to come into full communion with the Catholic Church. The current Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria is Archbishop Antonios Naguib.

In 1990, Coptic Catholic sources estimated that there were about 10,000 followers in countries other than Egypt. These followers are under the care of local Latin Rite bishops. There are Coptic Catholic parishes in: Paris, Montréal, New York City, Los Angeles, Sydney, and Melbourne.
History 
In 1741, a Coptic bishop in Jerusalem named Anba Athanasius became a Catholic. Pope Benedict XIV appointed him Vicar Apostolic of the small community (approximately 2,000 people) who also became Catholics. Although Athanasius returned to the Coptic Orthodox Church later, a line of Catholic Vicars Apostolic continued after him.

Sources

Other websites 
 Coptic Catholic Church 
 http://www.coptcatholic.com (Arabic)
 Article on "Life in a Coptic Catholic Village" 

Eastern Catholicism
Copts
Organizations based in Egypt
Roberto Luongo (born April 4, 1979) is a former Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). Luongo retired from the NHL in 2019 after playing for 19 seasons.

Playing career 
Roberto Luongo started playing in the NHL with the Florida Panthers. During the summer of 2006, Luongo was planning to stay in Florida. Instead, the general manager of the Panthers, Mike Keenan, sent him to the Vancouver Canucks, along with Lukas Krajicek, in return for Todd Bertuzzi, Alex Auld, and Bryan Allen. Luongo first said that he was sad because he was leaving so suddenly and Vancouver was very far away.

In the 2007 season, Luongo was in Vancouver.  He was voted into the All-Star Game as the starting goaltender. The Canucks went to the playoffs. It was Luongo's first time to reach the playoffs. In one game, against the Dallas Stars, he made around 70 saves, which is very close to breaking records.
On March 4, 2014, a day before the NHL trade deadline, the Canucks traded Luongo along with prospect Steven Anthony to the Florida Panthers for goaltender Jacob Markström and centre Shawn Matthias. Luongo's salary will still be retained by the Canucks.

References

Other websites

1979 births
Living people
Acadie–Bathurst Titan players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Louisville Panthers players
Lowell Lock Monsters players
New York Islanders players
People from Montreal
Val-d'Or Foreurs players
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
Robert Anthony De Niro (born August 17, 1943) is an American actor and producer. His most well-known movies include Mean Streets (1973), The Godfather: Part II (1974), Taxi Driver (1976), The Deer Hunter (1978), Raging Bull (1980) Casino (1995), Jackie Brown (1997), Meet the Parents (2000), Silver Linings Playbook (2012), Joker (2019) and The Irishman (2019).

Early life
Robert Anthony De Niro was born on August 17, 1943, in Greenwich Village, New York City, the son of Virginia Holton Admiral, a painter and poet, and Robert Henry De Niro, an abstract expressionist painter and sculptor. His father is half Irish and half Italian descent and His mother is of half German, with her other roots of English, French and Dutch descent.

Personal life

Family

De Niro was first married to Diahnne Abbott. They have a son, Raphael, a former actor who works in New York real estate. De Niro also adopted Abbott's daughter from a previous relationship, Drena.
De Niro has twin sons, Julian Henry and Aaron Kendrik. They were delivered by a surrogate mother in 1995.  His partner was a long-term live-in relationship with former model Toukie Smith.

In 1997, De Niro married actress Grace Hightower. Their son Elliot was born in 1998. The couple split in 1999. The divorce was never finalized and in 2004 they renewed their vows. In December 2011, they had a daughter, Helen Grace. She was born through a surrogate.

In addition to his six children De Niro has three grandchildren.

In 2003, it was said that De Niro had prostate cancer. He went on to make a full recovery.

Awards and nominations

Academy Award
 Won: Best Supporting Actor, The Godfather Part II (1974)
 Nominated: Best Actor, Taxi Driver (1976)
 Nominated: Best Actor, The Deer Hunter (1978)
 Won: Best Actor, Raging Bull (1980)
 Nominated: Best Actor, Awakenings (1990)
 Nominated: Best Actor, Cape Fear (1991)
BAFTA Award 
 Nominated: Best Newcomer, The Godfather Part II (1976)
 Nominated: Best Actor, Taxi Driver (1977)
 Nominated: Best Actor, The Deer Hunter (1979)
 Nominated: Best Actor, Raging Bull (1982)
 Nominated: Best Actor, The King of Comedy (1984)
 Nominated: Best Actor, Goodfellas  (1990)

References

1943 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American Roman Catholics
American television actors
American voice actors
Kennedy Center honorees
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Erasmus can refer to:

 ERASMUS programme, the higher education part of the European Union's Socrates programme for student exchange

People:
 Erasmus of Arcadia, Greek Orthodox Bishop
 Erasmus, the humanist scholar, also known as Erasmus of Rotterdam or Disiderius Erasmus
 Saint Erasmus of Formiae alias Saint Elmo
 Erasmus Grasser, leading sculptor in Munich during the early 16th century.
 Erasmus Darwin

In Rotterdam:
 Erasmus University
 Gymnasium Erasmianum (Erasmus Gymnasium school)
 Erasmus Bridge

Other:
 Erasmushogeschool in Brussels
 Erasmus the wizard, one of the major characters in the Quest for Glory adventure games
 Erasmus (Dune), a fictional intelligent robot in the Legends of Dune series by Kevin J. Anderson and Brian Herbert
 Erasmus (shōgun), Protagonist Blackthorne's ship (Dutch)
This archive includes "snapshots of the World Wide Web" (archived copies of pages, taken at various points in time), software, movies, books, and audio recordings. To make the books available on the Internet, they are first placed into special scanning machines by volunteers and employees of the library. These machines take very high quality pictures of the books' pages, and then images and text of the books are freely available on the Website. This process is called "digitization". The old collections of films and sound are digitized in this way too before being made available online. All of the original books, movies, records and so on are stored in a giant warehouse in California, just like normal libraries store their smaller collections of books or other records. This collection is called the Open Library and aims to create "one web page for every book ever published." It was created by computer programmer and activist, Aaron Swartz.
The Archive also purchases new electronic books and loans them out to readers just like any other normal library. These electronic books can be read by viewing the Website, on the reader's own computer or electronic reading device, and even in special reading areas inside the Archive where the tables have touchscreens and computers built into them.

To ensure the stability and endurance of the archive, The Internet Archive is mirrored at Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt, the only library in the world with a mirror. The Internet Archive makes the collections available at no cost to researchers, historians, and scholars. The Internet Archive is a member of the American Library Association and is officially recognized by the State of California as a library.

Related pages
Alexa Internet
Project Gutenberg

References

Other websites
The Internet Archive home page
The Open Library - Digital library index
Wayback Machine - historical "snapshots" of the World Wide Web
Internet Archive Blogs - A blog from the team at archive.org
The International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC)
Library of Congress, Web Capture
National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
Petabox, a useful invention created in collaboration with the Internet Archive
Pictures and descriptions of the Wayback Machine hardware in 2003 (prior to the Petabox), with cost information
Form 990-PF for Internet Archive (2003)
Archive-It 1.5 Press Release and Archive-It FAQ
Warrick  – a tool for recovering websites from the Internet Archive and search engine caches
Video interview with Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle (short intro in German language, the interview is in English with German subtitles)
The European Archive in Amsterdam
Recover websites from Web Archive and search engines caches
Internet-related organizations
Archives
Non-profit organizations of California
1996 establishments in California
An archive is a collection of records. The term is also used for the location in which these records are kept.  Archives are made up of records which have been created during the course of an individual or organization's life. In general, an archive consists of records which have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation. Records, which may be in any media, are normally unpublished, unlike books and other publications. Archives may also be generated by large organisations such as corporations and governments.  Archives are different from libraries in that archives hold records which are unique. Archives can be described as holding information "by-products" of activities, while libraries hold specifically authored information "products".  The word 'archives' is the correct terminology, whereas 'archive' as a noun or a verb is related to computer science.
A person who works in archives is called an archivist. The study and practice of organizing, preserving, and providing access to information and materials in archives is called archival science.

Related pages
Internet Archive

Footnotes

Other websites 

UNESCO Archives Portal  - over 8000 links worldwide
International Council on Archives
Archives Hub — gateway to descriptions of archives held in UK universities and colleges, part of the National Archives Network
InterPares Project  — international project on electronic records
Access to Archives (A2A) — the English strand of the UK archives network
Online-Guide to Archives around the globe 

Documents
In Christianity, babies might be baptised when they were young. When that baby grows to an adult, confirmation is used to make sure that the adult agrees with the promise to be a Christian, made when they were baptised. Usually in an Anglican church, people can only take their first Holy Communion if they do the confirmation before.

Sacraments
My-Otome (舞-乙HiME, Mai-Otome) is an anime made by the Sunrise Inc.. This is similar to My-HiME, as My-Otome has the same characters, but even they have different personalities.

Story 
In the future, people live in planet Earl. Machines called nanomachines still keep the technology from the past. Nanomachines are used to give power to Otomes (Girls), who train in a school called Garderobe academy. The Garderobe academy train Otomes to become Meister Otomes (Dancing Star Girls), who protect their Masters - usually royal people of different kingdoms in Earl.

A woman called Rena Searrs is an Otome, who had lost her powers because of having a baby. She fights to protect her Master, a king from Windbloom, and hangs her necklace to the daughter of the king, floating her away in a casket at a river.
14 years later, Arika Yumemiya goes to Garderobe to become an Otome like her mother, who she does not know very much about. She enters the school and when she finds many things which disturb her from being an Otome because of her past, she tries to bear it with her cheerfulness. This story is about how Arika will begin to understand the meaning of being an Otome and how she will save the world from the legendary Harmonium's power.

My-Otome terms 
This is the list of My-Otome's fictional words or phrases.

Otome 
Otomes (Girls) are powerful girls of Earl, a future planet. Otomes are given money for 100 soldiers, because they are as strong as 100 soldiers put together. They train in a school called Garderobe, and when they graduate, they become Meisters (Dancing Star Girls). Otomes can only materialise when their master kisses their earring.

Otomes can also become one of the Five Pillars, who do not need masters to materialise.
Master 
When a royal person makes a contract with an otome, he or she becomes the master of the otome. Otomes can only materialise if the Master kisses them. The Master has to share a life with his or her otome, so when the otome dies, the Master dies, and when the Master dies, the otome dies.

Five Pillars 
The Five Pillars are the five otomes who use the Shinsou, so they do not need a master.

Shinsou 
The Shinsou is a source who makes the Five Pillars materialise. There is only one Shinsou.

Nanomachine 
A Nanomachine is a machine from the past which puts a Robe inside the otomes' bodies, so that the Robe shows when they materialise. An earring connects to the Nanomachines. But the Nanomachine has a weakness to males semen. This means that if an otome has sex with a male she will not be able to materialise any more, and will stop becoming otomes, because she lost her power.
When a Master kisses an otome's earring, the otome can materialise because the Nanomachine absorbs the heat from the Master's lips, absorbing the Master's power. This is why a Master must share a life with the otome.

Nano means small, so Nanomachine means a machine which puts things into the body's small cells.

Gem 
A gem is a jewel which the Master and otome can use to make a contract with each other. There are two same gems: one for the Master on his or her ring and one for the otome, for her earring. From then on, the earring on the otomes are kissed by their Masters to materialise. Stronger Otome's can also kiss there gem to give them permission to Materialise.

Material means an object, and materialise means that a hidden object has shown itself. In My-Otome, materialising is when the Robe (Combat Suit) inside the Otomes are released, so that they can fight.

Slave Monster 
A Slave Monster is an evil robot which is controlled by a Slave Master.
Slave Master 
Like a Master, a Slave Master shares a life with its protector. Instead of otomes, they have a Slave Monster and they do not need a contract to materialise them, as Slave Monsters do not materialise. The Slave Master has to call the Slave Monster by using the Slave Crystal and give a pledge to the God of Wisdom, that they believe in his wisdom, and to call out a loyal slave for them. A Slave Master must always listen to the Slave leader, who is John Smith in My-Otome.

Slave Crystal 
A Slave Crystal is a diamond-shaped crystal. To call out a Slave Monster, a Slave Master must put blood into the crystal by pushing his or her thumb to the crystal and pledging.

Harmonium 
A harmonium is a musical instrument which opens up only for a protector, creator or a sword. Inside is a piano which can only be played when all the three conditions stepped onto its staircase. The piano makes the players have anything they desire or want to have.

Related pages
 List of Places in My-Otome

References
Difference can mean more than one thing.

A difference is something that two or more things do not have in common.  That is, it is something that is not the same about two things.
In mathematics, the difference between two numbers is how much bigger one is than the other. Difference is the result of subtraction.

Basic English 850 words
Personality might mean:

Personality psychology - a type of psychology which studies personality.
Cult of personality - used in politics for when a leader uses the praises of the media to make all the people think they are the best.
Personality Crisis (band) - a Canadian band.
Royalty could mean:
 A royal family
 Royalties, the payment made to the owner of a copyright, patent, trademark or know-how for its use.
 A type of country subdivision used on Prince Edward Island in Canada.
 Royalty Records, a record label
 "Royalty (song)", a 2019 song by XXXTentacion from Bad Vibes Forever.
An osprey is a type of fish-eating bird. They are also known as 'fish hawk', 'sea hawk', and 'fish eagle'.  It is a large bird measuring up to 60 cm (24 in) long from beak to tail. It has dark brown wings.

Description 
The osprey weighs 1.4–2 kg (3.0–4.4 lb) and is 52–60 cm (20–24 in) long with a 150–180 cm (5–6 ft) wingspan (the distance between the right wingtip and left wingtip when they are spread out). The back of the bird is brown and the belly is white. The head is white with a dark stripe across the eyes. The eyes are golden to brown and the beak (the mouth of a bird) is black. The legs and feet are white with black talons (nails of a bird). 

The osprey has a short tail and long, narrow wings. Males and females look similar, but males are often paler. In flight, the osprey raises its wings in an arch shape, making it look like a gull.

Conservation
Conservation

Scotland 
Scotland is typical osprey habitat with lots of trees and lakes (called 'lochs'). Because of egg thieves and hunting, only two pairs of ospreys were left there in 1967. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds began to protect the nests. Ospreys have returned every year to the protected nest at Loch Garten. More than 1.5 million people have been to see them. 

The number of ospreys in Scotland has increased a lot, but the population has been slow to spread. This is because ospreys often return to breed near to the place where they hatched.  This has been shown in studies in the USA and Sweden.

References 

Accipitriformes