Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
From 1926 to 1947 in the US, the Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railway carried motor carrier vehicles and shippers' vehicles loaded on flatcars between Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in 1929, Seatrain Lines carried railroad boxcars on its sea vessels between New York and Cuba. 

During World War II the Australian Army used containers. These non-stackable containers were about the size of the later 20 foot ISO container and perhaps made mainly of wood.

1950s expansion 

Toward the end of World War II, the United States Army used containers to speed the loading and unloading of transport ships. The army used the term "transporters" for shipping household goods of officers in the field. A "transporter" was a reusable container,  long,  wide, and  high, made of rigid steel with a carrying capacity of 9,000 pounds. 

During the Korean War the transporter was evaluated for handling sensitive military equipment and, proving effective, was approved for broader use.
In 1952 the army began using the term CONEX, short for "Container Express". The first major shipment of CONEXes, containing engineering supplies and spare parts, was made by rail from the Columbus General Depot in Georgia to the Port of San Francisco, then by ship to Yokohama, Japan, and then to Korea. 

In 1955, a trucking company owner, Malcom McLean, worked with engineer Keith Tantlinger to develop the modern container.  The challenge was to design a shipping container that could be loaded onto ships and held securely for long sea voyages. The result was a  tall by  wide box in -long units constructed from  thick corrugated steel.

The design had a twistlock mechanism on top each of the four corners. This meant the container could be easily secured and lifted by cranes. After helping McLean make the successful design, Tantlinger convinced him to give the patented designs to the industry. This began international standardization of shipping containers.
The U.S. Department of Defense standardized an 8'×8' cross section container in multiples of 10' lengths for military use. This was exactly the standard proposed by McLean and Tantlinger in Britain, and it was rapidly adopted for shipping purposes.

Shipping industry standard
There are many variations on the standard 8'x8'x10' size, but the use of containers for transport is now world-wide. In addition to ships, containers are universally used on planes for international air transport. Countries with large rail networks still use containers for much of their freight transport.

Other widely used standard include the 20 Foot container having external dimensions of 20 feet long, 8 feet wide and 8.5 feet high and the 40 Foot length.
Ports 
Ports round the world have been adapted to freight transport by container. The ships that carry containers are huge, and ports must have depth and size to dock ships. China is by far the world's largest user of container transport. Container ships cannot get down the Thames to London, so a modern container port was built at Felixtowe on the Suffolk coast. The Port of Felixtowe is the UK's largest container port, and carries 35% of the UK container cargo. However, it is only the 29th busiest container port in the world. 

World #1 container port is Shanghai, China; #2 is Singapore, and #3 is Rotterdam, Netherlands. Top U.S. container port is South Louisiana at #9, just in front of Houston. These rankings are by millions of tons.
 
The use of containers has caused increased efficiency in loading and unloading.  Also, there have been changes in short-term storage and handling in ports.

References

Other websites
 BBC News home page for The Box project; Image of The Box

Transport
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is a French commune in the Savoie department. Its population is about 8,507 (2008 census).

Communes in Savoie
Subprefectures in France
Zoë Yadira Saldaña-Perego (née Saldaña Nazario; born June 19, 1978) is an American actress. She is best known for her work in several science fiction franchises. She has acted in three of the five highest-grossing movies of all time. These are Avatar, Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame). She has also acted in the Guardians of the Galaxy movies and several Star Trek movies.  Her movies have earned more than  worldwide. She is the second-highest-grossing movie actress of all time .
Saldaña is also a trained dancer. She began her acting career in two 1999 episodes of Law & Order. Her first movie role was in Center Stage (2000) in which she played a ballet dancer. She starred with Britney Spears in the movie Crossroads  in 2002. Saldaña had her breakthrough performance with her work in several science fiction movie franchises. These began in 2009 with her roles as Nyota Uhura in the Star Trek movie series and Neytiri in the Avatar movie series. She went on to play Gamora in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with Guardians of the Galaxy in 2014. Saldaña has also starred in the science fiction movie The Adam Project and the romantic drama miniseries From Scratch.

She was born in Passaic, New Jersey.

Family life
On June 2013, Saldaña married an Italian former footballer turned artist Marco Perego. They have three sons together, twins Bowie and Cy (born 2014) and Zen (born 2016).

Notes

References

Other websites
Other websites

1978 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
African-American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
People from Passaic, New Jersey
This is a list of freighter shipping fleets.  The largest shipping companies are European and Asian.

History
The growth of container transport fleets began in the 1950s.

List
This list is in order of size, with the largest first.  In 2009, for example, Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK) was the tenth in size worldwide.

This list is in a table format:
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

Related pages
 Containerization

References

Transport lists
Containers
Water transport
,  also known as NYK Line, is one of the largest shipping companies in the world. It is a core Mitsubishi company. The company has its headquarters in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

History
The company history began with the Tsukumo Shokai shipping company which was founded by the Tosa clan in 1870.

Related pages
 List of container transport fleets

References

Other websites

Company website (in English) 
NYK Group official history

Transport companies of Japan
Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and Senior United States Senator of Massachusetts since January 3, 2013. She is a Democrat and a bankruptcy law expert. She was also an assistant to President Barack Obama. She supports student loan forgiveness, banking regulation, and consumer protection regulations. 

Warren was an unsuccessful candidate for the 2020 Democratic nomination. Warren was seen as a possible running mate pick for Joe Biden's campaign.

Pre-senate career
Before she was a senator, Warren taught bankruptcy law at Harvard Law School. She interviewed hundreds of people who were going through bankruptcy or struggling to avoid bankruptcy. She gained a thorough understanding of the causes of bankruptcy and financial difficulties that families face in the United States. She wrote several books about these struggles, and about the institutions that make money by making it hard for people to escape from these difficulties.
She and her daughter Amelia Warren Tyagi are the co-authors of a book called The Two-Income Trap. Warren has also written several other books, including A Fighting Chance and This Fight is Our Fight.

In 2011, she was an advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, a government agency that protects consumers from unfair practices of banks, payday lenders, student loan providers, credit card companies, collection agencies, for-profit colleges and universities, and the collection departments of health maintenance organizations (HMOs).

2020 campaign

Warren announced her plans to run for President in the 2020 election in December 2018. In February 2019, she announced her candidacy for president. Warren ended her campaign on March 5, 2020 after failing to win any primaries and falling to third place in Massachusetts' primary. After Joe Biden won the nomination, she became one of the final four finalists for his running mate pick.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Democratic Party (United States) politicians
American progressives
United States senators from Massachusetts
1949 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
ENCODE is the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements. Encode was launched in 2003 to identify all the functional elements (working bits) in the human genome. The work was done by over 400 scientists in 32 laboratories in the US, UK, Spain, Singapore and Japan. Their findings were published in 30 open-access papers in three journals, Nature, Genome Biology and Genome Research. It is the most detailed analysis to date of the human genome.

A simplified account of their main findings is as follows:
Only 1% of the genome codes for proteins. That is about 21,000 genes.
70,000 sequences code for 'promotor' regions. They are upstream of the genes, where proteins bind to control gene expression.
There are about 400,000 'enhancer' regions which regulate distant genes.
There are four million gene 'switches'. These are DNA sequences which control when genes are switched on or off. They are often a long way on the genome from the gene they control.
About 80% of the genome has a definite biochemical function. The idea that most of the DNA is "junk DNA" is definitely wrong. "The vast majority of the human genome does not code for proteins and, until now, did not seem to contain defined gene-regulatory elements. Why evolution would maintain large amounts of 'useless' DNA had remained a mystery, and seemed wasteful. It turns out, however, that there are good reasons to keep this DNA. Results from the ENCODE project show that most of these stretches of DNA harbour regions that bind proteins and RNA molecules, bringing these into positions from which they cooperate with each other to regulate the function and level of expression of protein-coding genes".
Evolution is caused both by changes in the genes which code for proteins and in the DNA which codes for regulatory control.
"One of the great challenges in evolutionary biology is to understand how differences in DNA sequence between species determine differences in their phenotypes. Evolutionary change may occur both through changes in protein-coding sequences and through sequence changes that alter gene regulation".
The methods used for the work included:

They isolated and sequenced the RNA transcribed from the genome.
They identified the binding sites for about 120 transcription products.
They examined patterns of chemical modification made to histones. This was to find regions where gene expression is boosted or suppressed.
They did 1648 experiments on 147 cell types.

News items connected with this work are:
An individual patient's cancer has about 50 genetic mutations, but the mutations differ between individuals.
A biotech company, Life Technologies, has announced a laserprinter-size machine which can sequence a human genome in a day or two instead of weeks. It costs $149,000. Other companies are rushing to put their products on the market. An implication of this is that, within a decade or two, local schools and medical practices might use such machines. They could be used to find genetic markers for a range of inherited defects.
Sources  
The information on this page comes mainly from two sources:
Maher, Brendan 2012. ENCODE: The human encyclopaedia. Nature 489 (7414) 4648. 
Walsh, Fergus 2012. ENCODE: The human encyclopaedia. BBC News Sci & Environment.

References

Other websites 
Nature ENCODE Explorer 

Genetics
David Cash (born July 31, 1969 in Waynesboro, Virginia) is an American former professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name Kid Kash. During his career, he wrestled for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

He is also a mixed martial artist. He made his MMA debut on November 5, 2016 and was knocked out by Lindsey Jones in 38 seconds.

Championships
Kash has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Television Championship (one time)
Juggalo Championship Wrestling
JCW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Powerhouse Wrestling Alliance
PWA World Heavyweight Championship (four times)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #68 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2000.
Showtime All-Star Wrestling
SAW International Heavyweight Championship (four times)
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
NWA World Tag Team Championship (two times) – with Dallas
TNA X Division Championship (one time)
United States Wrestling Organization
USWO Championship (two times)
World Wrestling Council
WWC Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Wrestling Entertainment
WWE Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
X Wrestling Federation
XWF World Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
XtraWrestle Federation
XWF World Cruiserweight Championship (six times)

References

Other websites

Kid Kash's TNA profile
1969 births
Living people
American mixed martial artists
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
Sportspeople from Virginia
Park Geunhye (born February 2, 1952) is a South Korean politician. She served as the President of South Korea from 2013 until her impeachment in 2017. She is the second daughter of Park Chung-hee, former President of South Korea.  On December 19, 2012, she was elected president of 
the country. She was the first woman president of South Korea, having taken office on February 25, 2013.
In 2013 and 2014, Park was named the world's 11th most powerful woman and the most powerful woman in East Asia by Forbes magazine.

Park was impeached on 10 March 2017 and was replaced by Prime Minister of South Korea Hwang Kyo-ahn.

Impeachment and suspension
On 9 December 2016, Park was impeached by the National Assembly on charges related to influence peddling by a top aide. Her presidential powers and duties have been suspended since the ratification of the impeachment proposal, and Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn has assumed those powers and duties as Acting President. She was officially removed from office on 10 March 2017.
On 6 April 2018, a three-judge panel of the Central District Court in Seoul sentenced Park to 24 years in prison and a fine of ₩18,000,000,000 (US$16,798,683).  The panel said she was guilty of 16 out of 18 charges brought against her.

References

Other websites
 Park Geunhye 
 Park Geunhye  
 Park Geunhye 
 Park Geunhye:facebook 

Living people
1952 births
Anti-communists
First Ladies of South Korea
Presidents of South Korea
Yi San-hae (, July 20, 1539  July 20, 1609)  was a Joseon Dynasty politician, writer, and philosopher. His pen names were Agye (아계 鵝溪) and Jongnamsuong (종남수옹 終南睡翁).

Books 
 Agyejip (아계집, 鵝溪集) 
 Agyeyugo (아계유고, 鵝溪遺稿)

Related pages 
 Yi I
 Yi Hwang
 Cho Shik
 Chung In-hong

Other websites 
 Lee San-hae  
 Family cafe of Lee San-hae 

1539 births
1609 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Korean autobiographers
Korean writers
Călin Constantin Anton Popescu-Tăriceanu (b. 14 January 1952, Bucharest) is a Romanian politician. On 28 December 2004, he was prime minister of Romania.

He was president of PNL and vice-president of PLD.

He founded Radio Contact Romania. He is president of Automotive Trading Services (ATS), which represents Citroen in Romania.

1952 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Romania
Politicians from Bucharest
Presidents of the Senate of Romania
Upsilon Andromedae d is an extrasolar planet. It orbits the Sun-like star Upsilon Andromedae A.

Upsilon Andromedae A was the third star known to host a multiple-planet planetary system, the others are the Sun and the pulsar PSR 1257+12.

In 1999, two groups of astronomers independently concluded that a three-planet model best fit the data. The two new planets were designated Upsilon Andromedae C and Upsilon Andromedae D.

References

Exoplanets
Dinosaur Provincial Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is about two and a half hours drive southeast of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The park is in the valley of the Red Deer River, which is noted for its badland topography. The park is one of the richest dinosaur fossil locales in the world. Forty dinosaur species have been discovered at the park and more than 500 specimens have been removed and exhibited in museums across the globe. The fossil assemblage of nearly 500 species, from microscopic fern spores to large carnivorous dinosaurs, justified it becoming a World Heritage Site in 1979.

Dinosaur Provincial Park Visitor Centre 
The Visitor Centre has exhibits about dinosaurs, fossils, and the geology and natural history of the park.  There is a video theater, fossil prep lab area, and a gift shop.  Public programs are offered in the summer.
John Ware's Cabin is a restored early 20th century cabin that was used by John Ware, an African-American cowboy and important figure in Alberta's ranching history.  The cabin is near the visitor center and is open on select days in the summer.

History 
The Park was set up on June 27, 1955 as part of Alberta's 50th Jubilee Year. The main aim was to protect the fossil beds. The park was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on October 26, 1979. Its significant badlands and riverside habitats, and the importance of the fossils found here, were listed as reasons.
Nature 
The Park protects a very complex ecosystem with three communities: prairie grasslands, badlands, and riverside cottonwoods. Its ecosystem is surrounded by prairies. Choruses of coyotes are common at dusk, as are the calls of nighthawks. Cottontail rabbits, mule deer, and pronghorn can all be seen in the park; the prairie rattlesnake, bull snake and the red-sided garter snake are present as well. Curlews and Canada geese are among the 165 bird species that can be seen in the spring and summer. Some of the most northern species of cactus, including Opuntia (prickly pear) and Pediocactus (pincushion) can be seen in full bloom during the later half of June.
Geology 
The sediments of Dinosaur Provincial Park span 2.8 million years and three formations. The terrestrial Oldman Formation is at the base of the strata; the terrestrial Dinosaur Park Formation above, and the marine Bearpaw at the top. The Dinosaur Park Formation, which contains most of the fossils with articulated skeletons, was mostly laid down by large rivers in very warm temperate coastal lowlands. It was on the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway. The formation dates to about 75 million years ago. The Dinosaur Park Formation lasted about a million years.
Paleontology 
Dinosaur Provincial Park preserves an extraordinarily diverse group of freshwater vertebrates. Fish include sharks, rays, paddlefish, bowfins, gars, and teleosts. Amphibians include frogs, salamanders, and extinct albanerpetontids. Reptiles include lizards (such as the large monitor Paleosaniwa), a wide range of turtles, crocodilians, and the fish-eating Champsosaurus. Mammals such as shrews, marsupials, and squirrel-like rodents are also there, although usually only noticed by their fossilized teeth, rather than bones.

Mega-plant fossils are rare in the park, but pollen grains and spores collected from here suggest that these forests contained sycamore, magnolia and bald cypress trees, and Metasequoia.

The dinosaurs of the park are astonishingly diverse. They include:

Ceratopsia
 Leptoceratops
 Centrosaurus 
 Styracosaurus 
 Pachyrhinosaurus
 Chasmosaurus 
 Vagaceratops 

Hadrosauridae
 Corythosaurus
 Gryposaurus 
 Lambeosaurus 
 Prosaurolophus 
 Parasaurolophus
Ankylosauria
 Panoplosaurus
 Edmontonia
 Euoplocephalus 

Hypsilophodontidae
 Orodromeus

Pachycephalosauria
 Stegoceras

Tyrannosauridae
 Daspletosaurus
 Gorgosaurus 

Ornithomimidae
 Ornithomimus
 Struthiomimus
 new ornithomimid species A

Caenagnathidae
 Chirostenotes 

Dromaeosauridae
 Dromaeosaurus 
 Saurornitholestes
 Hesperonychus
 ?new dromaeosaur species A
 ?new dromaeosaur species B

Troodontidae
 Troodon
 new troodontid species A

Classification Uncertain
 Ricardoestesia

Birds of the Hesperornis type were present, as well as giant Pterosauria related to Quetzalcoatlus. multituberculates, Stagodont marsupials and placental mammals scurried underfoot.

References

Related pages 
 Dinosaur Park Formation

Other websites

 Dinosaur Provincial Park official site 
 UNESCO World Heritage

Geography of Alberta
World Heritage Sites in Canada
Lagerstätten
Badlands
1955 establishments
1950s establishments in Canada
Parks in Canada
Kerman is a city in and capital of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, 621,374 people lived there.

Cities in Iran
Kerman Province
Mule shoes are shoes that are backless and almost always closed-toed. They can be any heel height (flat to high). The shoes are almost always worn by females. High heeled mule shoes were a popular indoor shoe in the 18th century. By the early twentieth century, the shoes were very often associated with prostitutes. However, in the early 1950s, Marilyn Monroe popularized the shoes and helped to break their poor reputations. Similar shoes, called slides, were introduced in the early 1990s, except that slides are open-toed versions of mules.

Other websites

Footwear
Christiaan Neethling Barnard (8 November 1922 – 2 September 2001) was a South African heart surgeon. He was born in Beaufort West, Cape Province, Union of South Africa. He did the first successful heart transplant from human to human. He died of asthma in Paphos, Cyprus. His brother was Marius Barnard.

1922 births
2001 deaths
Afrikaner people
Deaths from asthma

South African scientists
Surgeons
Slip-on shoes are laceless shoes. The style most commonly seen is called a loafer or slipper, with a moccasin construction. They began appearing in mid 1930s Norway as casual shoes, though they have increased in popularity to the point of being worn with lounge suits. They are worn mostly by women, though men wear the shoes, also.

Footwear
Ring of Honor (ROH) is a professional wrestling company founded in 2002 by Rob Feinstein and Gabe Sapolsky. The president of the company is Tony Khan. Their headquarters are in Bristol, Pennsylvania. Matches for the company airs on The Fight Network in Canada and on Samurai TV in Japan. The company also aired matches in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

History
The company was started by RF Video owner, Rob Feinstein after Extreme Championship Wrestling went out of business. Feinstein left the company in 2004 after he was caught in an internet sting operation allegedly trying to ask for sex on the internet from a person who he thought was an 13 year old boy but was actually an adult, pretending to be the boy. Gabe Sapolsky left the company on October 26, 2008. Doug Gentry bought Feinstein's stake in the company and sold it to Cary Silkin who then became the president of the company.
On the March 2 episode of Dynamite, All Elite Wrestling owner Tony Khan announced that he had bought Ring of Honor from the Sinclair Broadcast Group.

Code of Honor
Ring of Honor followed a set of rules called the "code of honor". The code of honor was considered a moral requirement to follow. They were put in place to make Ring of Honor feel more like Japanese professional wrestling. There were originally 5 rules set in place but they were retired in 2004. They reappeared again and were changed to only 3 rules.

Champions

Men's

Women's

Tag team

References

Other websites

Official website

2002 establishments in the United States
American professional wrestling promotions
Sports in Pennsylvania
2000s establishments in Pennsylvania
Companies based in Pennsylvania
Thai basil, or Asian basil is a type of sweet basil.  It is found in Southeast Asia. Thai basil has small, narrow leaves and purple stems.  The flower is a mauve (pink-purple) color. One cultivar commonly grown in the United States is 'Queen of Siam'.

Thai basil is an important ingredient in the very popular Taiwanese dish, sanbeiji (three cup chicken). Used as a condiment, a plate of raw Thai basil leaves is often served with phở (Vietnamese-style noodle soup) so each customer can season it to taste with the anise-flavored leaves.

References

Herbs
Lamiaceae
Plants of Asia
Bolivian coriander (Porophyllum ruderale) is an annual plant.  Its leaves can be used for seasoning food. The taste has been described as "somewhere between arugula, cilantro and rue." The plant is commonly grown in Mexico and South America.  There it is used in salsas. When fully grown, this plant grows to about 5 feet in height and 3 feet in diameter.

This herb is known by many names, including quillquiña (also spelled quirquiña or quilquiña), killi, papalo, tepegua and pápaloquelite. 

Also, even though the name is "Bolivian coriander", this plant is not botanically related to the coriander.

Herbs
Asteraceae
The term exploitation is defined very loosely: it is more about the viewers' impression that this exploitation happens, than the people actually being exploited. The first exploitation movies appeared in the 1920s. Exploitation movies only became popular after the 1960s and 1970s, when there was less censorship. Very often, exploitation movies use  recent news events to base their story on. Major film studios ofen avoid such events, because producing the movie takes a long time and a lot of money.  

In 1938, Orson Welles produced War of the Worlds to be broadcast on radio, as a Halloween special. When it was aired, this shocked many Americans. As a result, Universal Pictures edited one of their Flash Gordon serials into a short movie  which it released ot movie theatres one week after Welles' boradcast. The movie was called Mars Attacks the World.

Related pages 
Blaxploitation

References 

Genres
Movies
Kim Hyo-won (, Hanja 金孝元, 1532  1590), was a Korean scholar, writer, politician, and Neo-Confucian philosopher of the Joseon period.

References

Other websites 
 http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=8487
 윤종일교수의 남양주역사기행(26)- 동인(東人) 김효원(金孝元)(남양주타임즈, 2007.01.26자 
  Political factions in Korea at Citizendia.org 

1532 births
1590 deaths
Korean writers
Korean politicians
Korean philosophers
The human genome is stored on 23 chromosome pairs in the cell nucleus and in the small mitochondrial DNA. A great deal is now known about the sequences of DNA which are on our chromosomes. What the DNA actually does is now partly known. Applying this knowledge in practice has only just begun.

The Human Genome Project (HGP) produced a reference sequence which is used worldwide in biology and medicine. Nature published the publicly funded project's report, and Science  published Celera's paper. These papers described how the draft sequence was produced, and gave an analysis of the sequence. Improved drafts were announced in 2003 and 2005, filling in to ≈92% of the sequence.

The latest project ENCODE studies the way the genes are controlled.
Although the sequence of the human genome has been completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. There are vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome. This does important things, like regulating gene expression, organization of chromosomes, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.

DNA and proteins 
The human genome contains just over 20,000 protein-coding genes, far fewer than had been expected. In fact, only about 1.5% of the genome codes for proteins, while the rest consists of non-coding RNA genes, regulatory sequences, and introns.

However, a single gene can produce a variety of proteins by means of RNA splicing. One particular Drosophila gene (DSCAM) can be alternatively spliced into 38,000 different mRNAs. Each mRNA codes for a different peptide chain. Therefore the number of proteins produced is far above the number of coding genes.

With RNA splicing and post-RNA translation changes, the total number of unique human proteins may be in the low millions.
The idea that most DNA is useless 'junk' is wrong. At least 80% of the genome has definite functions.

Differences between humans and chimpanzees 
The animal that is alive now that is closest to humans is the chimpanzee. 98.4% of the DNA is the same between humans and chimpanzees. However, this applies only to single nucleotide polymorphisms, that is, changes in single base pairs only. The full picture is rather different.

The draft sequence of the common chimpanzee genome was published in 2005. It showed that the regions which are similar enough to be aligned with one another account for 2400 million of the human genome’s 3164.7 million bases, that is, 75.8% of the genome.
This 75.8% of the human genome is 1.23% different from the chimpanzee genome in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs - changes of single DNA “letters” in the genome). Another type of difference, called 'indels' (insertions/deletions) account for another ~3% difference between the alignable sequences. In addition, variation in copy number of large segments (> 20 kb) of similar DNA sequence provides a further 2.7% difference between the two species. Hence the total similarity of the genomes could be as low as about 70%.

Related pages 
Gene therapy
Sequence analysis

References 

DNA
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener, most of which, if ingested, will not be broken down by the body and is thereby non-caloric (doesn't contribute to calorie intake). Sucralose is almost 600 times as sweet as sucrose, twice as sweet as saccharin and 3 times as sweet as aspartame. It is stable under heat and over a broad range of pH condition, meaning it can be used in baking or products which require longer shelf lives. It was first discovered and patented in 1976.

Sweeteners
Richard W. Farnsworth (September 1, 1920 – October 6, 2000) was an American television, stage, radio, voice, and movie actor, and a stuntman. He was previously known as Dick Farnsworth. He was nominated for two Academy Awards. 

Farnsworth was known for his role as Sheriff Buster in the 1990 movie Misery. Farnsworth is the oldest person to receive an Academy Award nominated for Best Actor in a Leading role. He was 79 years old when he was nominated.

He was born in Los Angeles, California on September 1, 1920. He was married to Margaret Hill from 1947 until her death in 1985. They had one child. 

Farnsworth never liked using four-lettered words. He was once asked by Roger Ebert what he was most proud of in regards to his acting career, he replied that it was the fact that in over 60 movies he never says one cuss word.  

Farnsworth committed suicide on October 6, 2000 at his ranch in Lincoln, New Mexico by shooting himself. He was 80 years old.
He was added into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1997.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Richard Farnsworth at NNDB

1920 births
2000 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Suicides by firearm
Ty Law (b. 10 February 1974) is a retired American football player. He played as a safety in the NFL. Law was drafted by the New England Patriots in 1995. He also played for the New York Jets (2005, 2008), Kansas City Chiefs (2006-2007) and Denver Broncos (2009). He retired after the 2009 season. Law was born in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania.

References

New England Patriots players
New York Jets players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Denver Broncos players
American football players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Living people
1974 births
Lawyer Marzell Milloy (born November 14, 1973 ) is a retired American football player. He was drafted by the New England Patriots of the National Football League in 1996. He last played in 2010. Milloy also played for the Buffalo Bills, Atlanta Falcons and Seattle Seahawks.

References

Other websites

New England Patriots players
Buffalo Bills players
Atlanta Falcons players
Seattle Seahawks players
American football players
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Living people
1973 births
Black January (), also known as Black Saturday or the January Massacre, was a massacre by the Soviet Red Army and the KGB secret police agency of peaceful Azerbaijani protesters of the Azerbaijani independence movement. It happened in Baku, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic on 19–20 January 1990, during the last years of the Soviet Union. Between 133-137 people were killed, when the Red Army and the KGB shot the protesters. As a result, the Azerbaijanis became totally opposed to stay a part of the Soviet Union and started to plan the independence of Azerbaijan. This happened with the end of the Soviet Union in December 1991.

It was one of the rare events during the liberal reform era of glasnost (reform of the government) and perestroika (reform of the economy) in which the Soviet Union used force against peaceful protesters. Before this era, the Soviet Union did not allow any protests of its population and stopped them violently if they did protest.
The reason for using violence, was that powerful conservative people in the Communist Party, the Red Army and the KGB did not like these reforms and feared that the ethnic groups and republics of the Soviet Union were getting out of their control with the rise of nationalism. 

However, the use of violence angered the people in Azerbaijan and the rest of the Soviet Union. It had the opposite effect, because the liberal Soviet leaders  and their reforms were too popular and powerful in the end. Neither the use of force against protesters nor the reforms prevented the republics becoming independent.

References

Other websites 

 "Black January". Azerbaijan International. Spring 1998.
 "A republic loses faith". BBC News. Wednesday, 15 August, 2001.
Azerbaijani websites
 January20

Massacres in Azerbaijan
1990s in Azerbaijan
Anti-Azerbaijanism
1990s in the Soviet Union
1990
Jenilee Harrison (born June 12 1959) is an American actress. She has starred in many television programs. She played Cindy Snow in the sitcom Three's Company and Jamie Ewing in the soap Dallas. She was born near Los Angeles, California.

Actors from Los Angeles
American television actors
1959 births
Living people
Sandra Fluke (born April 17 1981) is an activist for women's rights. She demanded birth control and contraceptives be paid for by taxpayers. She was a supporter for Barack Obama's re-election. She was born near Saxton, Pennsylvania.

People from Pennsylvania
1981 births
Living people
Bachman–Turner Overdrive are a Canadian rock band from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Bachman–Turner Overdrive have five members in the band; the current band members are Fred Turner, Randy Bachman, Mick Dalla Vee, Marc LaFrance and Brent Howard. Two of the band's best known songs are "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" and "Takin' Care of Business". Their song "Takin' Care of Business" was ranked #10 in top 100 most covered songs by Guitar Magazine.

The band was formed in 1971. They released their self-titled first album on August 30, 1989. Fans of the bands are usually known as "gearheads". They have won many Juno Awards as well.

Discography

Studio albums
Bachman–Turner Overdrive (1973)
Bachman–Turner Overdrive II (1973)
Not Fragile (1974)
Four Wheel Drive (1975)
Head On (1975)
Freeways (1977)
Street Action (1978)
Rock n' Roll Nights (1979)
Bachman–Turner Overdrive (1984)
Trial by Fire: Greatest and Latest (1996)
Bachman & Turner (2010)

References

Other websites 
Official website
1970s music groups
1980s music groups
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian hard rock bands
Canadian rock bands
Organizations based in Winnipeg
Musical groups established in 1973
1973 establishments in Canada
Musical groups disestablished in the 1970s
20th-century disestablishments in Canada

Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
2000s disestablishments in Canada 
Musical groups disestablished in 2004
Camilla Belle (born October 2, 1986) is an American actress. She has acted in many movies. She starred in the movies Practical Magic and Push. The actress was born in Los Angeles, California.

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1986 births
Living people
She was an amazing speaker because she was able to use stories as examples in her speeches, and she could also make the audience participate. In 1897, she got the title "Mother Jones". She was 60 at the time. In 1903, she was upset about the bad working conditions of children. For this reason, she organised a march where children marched from Philadelphia to the home of President Roosevelt in New York. In 1992 she was inducted into the Hall of Honor by the United States Department of Labor.

References 

Industrial Workers of the World
1837 births
1930 deaths
People from Cork (city)
Yun Jeung ( Hanja 尹拯, 1629-1714), also known as Yun Chŭng, was a Korean scholar, writer, politician, and Neo-Confucian philosopher of the  Joseon period. The name he used for writing was Myeongjae.

Early life
Yun was the son of Yun Seon-geo.

Career
Yun is part of the Silhak school.

Yun was a disciple of Kim Jip, Song Siyeol.  He was a political rival of Kwon Sang-ha.

Work book 
 Myungjaeyugo (명재유고, 明齋遺顧) 
 Myungjaeuiryemundap (명재의례문답, 明齋疑禮問答) 
 Myungjaeyuseo (명재유서)

Related pages
 Soron
 Noron
 West man
 Kim Jip
 Yun Seon-geo
 Song Siyeol
 Song Jun-gil
 Kwon Sang-ha

References

Other websites 
 Yun Jeung  
 Yun Jeung  
 Yun Jeung  
 Yunjeung  

1629 births
1714 deaths
Korean writers
Korean politicians
Korean philosophers
The great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), is the largest species of the Hammerhead shark group. It can be identified by the shape of its "hammer" (called the "cephalofoil"), which is wide and has an almost straight margin at the front, and by its first dorsal fin which is tall, and is sickle-shaped.

Description
thumb|left|250px|The underside of the Great hammerhead shark 
Like all other hammerhead sharks, the great hammerhead has a streamlined body and a "hammer" on its head. They have usually been confused with the scalloped hammerhead and the smooth hammerhead shark, but adult great hammerhead sharks can be identified by their wide cephalofoil which has an almost straight margin at the front, and by their first dorsal fin, which is tall and sickle-shaped. The cephalofoil is usually around 1 to 1.5 meters long.
Great hammerhead sharks are around 2.85 to 5.5 meters long, and weigh around 450 kg, but the longest ever found was 6.1 meters long. The heaviest ever found was a 4.4 meter long female, which weighed 580 kg, and was caught off Boca Grande, Florida. But the female weighed this much because it was pregnant. The top part of the great hammerhead is gray-brown or green, and the belly is white.
Home
The great hammerhead shark is found in tropical waters around the world, between the latitudes 40°N to 37°S. In the Atlantic Ocean it is found from North Carolina to Uruguay, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and from Morocco to Senegal, and the Mediterranean Sea. It is found all along the rim of the Indian Ocean, and in the Pacific Ocean from the Ryukyu Islands to Australia, New Caledonia, and French Polynesia, and from southern Baja California to Peru. It's said to be found off Gambia, Guinea, Mauritania, Sierra Leone, and Western Sahara, but this has not been confirmed. Great Hammerhead Sharks can be found from inshore waters which are less than 1 meters deep, to a depth of 80 meters offshore. They live mainly in coral reefs, but have been found in lagoons and deep water near land.
Behaviour
Even though great hammerheads are apex predators, young pups have been seen eaten by bull sharks. Yellow jacks have been seen rubbing themselves against great hammerhead sharks, probably to get rid of parasites. Pilot fish have been seen swimming with great hammerheads.

Reproduction
Great hammerheads are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. Females are pregnant for around 11 months, before giving birth to a litter of 6-56 pups. When they are born, the pups are around 50–70 cm (20 to 28 in) long. Males mature when they are about 2.3 to 2.8 meters long, and weigh around 51 kg. Females mature when they are about 2.5 to 3 meters long, and weigh around 41 kg. Great Hammerhead Sharks live for around 20–30 years, but the oldest Great Hammerhead Shark ever found was said to be 40–50 years old.
Feeding
Great hammerhead sharks are known to hunt at dawn and at dusk. They feed on crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, mollusks like squid and octopuses, bony fish like tarpon, sardines, herrings, sea catfish, toadfish, porgies, jacks, croakers, groupers, flatfish, boxfish, and porcupine fish. They also eat other sharks like smoothhounds and grey reef sharks. Great Hammerhead Sharks have been known to eat others of their kind.

Great hammerhead sharks' favourite prey are rays and skates; its favourite type of ray are stingrays. The venomous spines of the stingrays don't seem to affect them, because a great hammerhead shark caught off Florida had 96 venomous spines found in and around its mouth.
The cephalofoil of the great hammerhead shark is said to be used to pin stingrays down, because agreat hammerhead shark was found attacking a stingray in the Bahamas; the great hammerhead first pinned the stingray down by hitting the stingray with its cephalofoil, and then it grabbed the stingray in its jaws and started to rip apart the stingray by shaking its head rapidly. 

Another great hammerhead shark was found attacking a spotted eagle ray in open water; the Great Hammerhead Shark first bit off one of the ray's pectoral fins, and then pinned the ray down with its cephalofoil, and then ate the ray head-first.
Human interactions
Although they have been said to be dangerous towards humans, Great Hammerhead Sharks rarely ever attack humans. Divers have reported that Great Hammerhead Sharks are shy and avoid humans, but there have been reports of Great Hammerhead Sharks approaching divers closely and even chasing them. In 2009, the International Shark Attack File listed 34 attacks caused by a shark which belonged in the Sphyrna genus, but it is not confirmed if the shark was a Great Hammerhead Shark or not. The great hammerhead shark has been confirmed to be responsible for one provoked attack.

Conservation status
The great hammerhead shark has been listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), because of fishing for its fins, which are made into shark fin soup, for its skin which is made into leather, and their liver oil for vitamins. Populations of the Great Hammerhead Shark have decreased by 50% because of fishing.
References
  BBC-Great Hammerhead Shark 
  Great Hammerhead Shark-Cool Facts and Information 
  FLMNH- Great hammerhead shark 

Sharks
The Space Needle is a tower in Seattle, Washington. It is at the Seattle Center. The Space Needle was built for the 1962 World's Fair. During this time, almost 20,000 people used the elevators every day. Over 2.3 million visitors came to the World Fair overall. The Space Needle is  high and  wide. It weighs 9,550 tons. When it was completed it was the tallest building to the west of the Mississippi River. It is built not to fall in wind up to  and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude. This gives protection against an earthquake as powerful as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. The tower also has 25 lightning rods on its roof to protect it against lightning.
The Space Needle has a deck at , where people can look down and look at the view around them. It also has a gift shop with a rotating SkyCity restaurant at . From the top of the Needle, the Downtown Seattle skyline, the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay and islands around it can be seen. Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle.

Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by using elevators. These elevators travel at . The trip to the top takes 41 seconds. Some tourists wait in hour-long lines so that they can go to the top of the tower. On windy days, the elevators are slowed down to a . The Space Needle was made a historic landmark on April 19, 1999, by the city's Landmarks Preservation Board.

Gallery

Related pages 
 CN Tower

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Buildings and structures in Seattle
1961 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Washington (state)
Sapeornis is a genus of primitive bird which lived during the Lower Cretaceous about 125120 million years ago (mya). Only one species is known: Sapeornis chaoyangensis. The fossils are from the Jiufotang Formation and Yixian Formation rocks in the People's Republic of China. Several nearly complete skeletons have been found.

Sapeornis is named after SAPE, the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, added to the Ancient Greek όρνις (ornis), meaning "bird". chaoyangensis is Latin for "from Chaoyang".

This animal was about 30–33 cm long. The skull has a handful of teeth in the upper jawtip only. A single tail feather has been found on one of the specimens.  It may have been a glider or soarer rather than an active flier.

References 

Cretaceous birds
Acapulco de Juárez is one of the municipalities of Guerrero in Mexico, the capital is Acapulco. In 2010, the municipality had a total population of 789,971 being the capital Acapulco, the most populous city

Municipalities of Mexico
Guerrero (state)
True owls (typical owls) are owls of the family Strigidae.

They are one of the two families of owls, with 189 living species in 25 genera. The other family is the barn owls. True owls are found on every continent except Antarctica.

The division of owls into these two groups is quite ancient. The relationships of the owls in general are still unresolved.

Morphology
Typical owls vary greatly in size. The smallest is the elf owl.  Its weight is a hundred times less than the largest, the Eurasian eagle owl and Blakiston's fish owl.  Most owls have very similar bodies.  They have large heads, short tails, and round facial circles around the eyes. Most live in trees (with a few exceptions like the burrowing owl) and get their food on the wing. The wings are large, broad, rounded and long. Like other birds of prey many owls have females that are larger than males.
They are nocturnal.  Because of this the plumage is not much different between males and females. The feathers are soft and the base of each is downy.  This give them silent flight. Hearing in owls is highly sensitive. The ears are asymmetrical which lets the owl localise a sound. Owls have massive eyes relative to their body size.

References

 Feduccia, J. Alan 1970. Some birds of prey from the Upper Pliocene of Kansas. Auk 87(4): 795-797. PDF fulltext 
 Olson, Storrs L. 1985: The fossil record of birds. In Farner D.S.; King J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds): Avian Biology 8: 79-238. Academic Press, New York.
 Sánchez Marco, Antonio (2004): Avian zoogeographical patterns during the Quaternary in the Mediterranean region and paleoclimatic interpretation. Ardeola 51(1): 91-132. PDF fulltext

Other websites
Other websites

ITIS - Strigidae Taxonomy 
Typical owl videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
Strigidae sounds from the Neotropics on xeno-canto.org
The Owl Pages about owls - photos, calls, books, art, mythology and more.

Strigiformes
Jean Reno (born Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez on July 30, 1948) is a French-Spanish actor, he has appeared in many successful movies such as Crimson Rivers, Godzilla, The Da Vinci Code, Mission: Impossible, Ronin, The Pink Panther, and Léon: The Professional. 

He was born in Casablanca, Morocco on July 30, 1948. He was married to Genevieve Reno from 1977 until they divorced in 1995. Then he married Nathalie Dyszkiewicz from 1996 until they divorced in 2001. He is currently married to Zofia Borucka since 2006. His career began in 1979.

References

Other websites

1948 births
Living people
French movie actors
French television actors
People from Casablanca
Spanish movie actors 
Spanish television actors
Spanish stage actors
Spanish voice actors
French stage actors
French voice actors
Moroccan actors