Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In 1887, Bass began his show biz career at Niagara Falls. He then worked his way across the United States. In spite of his disabilities, Bass remained cheerful. He parted with his manager after a dispute about his cut of the take.

Last years and death
Bass died of a fever and pneumonia while performing in Huber's Museum in New York City. The family refused an autopsy. Bass was buried in an ironclad vault to deter grave robbers from making off with the body.

An article in a 1908 issue of Scientific American accused a careless museum attendant of causing Bass's death by letting the man fall to the pavement while being lifted from a carriage.

References
 Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged.

1830 births
1892 deaths
American sideshow attractions
The Unisphere is a  stainless steel globe in Queens, New York City. It is in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park. It was designed by landscape architect Gilmore D. Clarke. It is a symbol of the borough of Queens. The globe weighs . This makes it the world's largest globe. There are fountains and a reflecting pool around the Unisphere.

The Unisphere was built for the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair. The Unisphere is designed to show countries around the world depending on each other. It stayed at the park after the World's Fair. The Unisphere was cleaned from 1993 to 1994.

History

Flushing Meadows–Corona Park used to be a landfill in Queens. The landfill was turned into the 1939/1940 New York World's Fair. After the fair, it was used as a park. The 1964 New York World's Fair also happened at Flushing Meadows. Gilmore David Clarke and Michael Rapuano designed the park for 1964 Fair.
Robert Moses ran the 1964 World's Fair. He announced the Unisphere in February 1961. At first, Clarke designed the Unisphere as an aluminum structure with metal continents and islands. Designers at Peter Muller-Munk Associates added structural steel. The last design was a lot like the first. The last design had fountains surrounding the Unisphere.

The Unisphere was built by the American Bridge Company. The American Bridge Company was part of another company called US Steel. The Unisphere was built in 110 days. The last piece of land was put on the Unishphere on August 13, 1963. At night, the Unisphere was lit up to show sunrise moving across the globe. There were lights showing the capitals of countries.

In 1966, US Steel gave $100,000 so the Unisphere could stay at the park. In 1967, the park reopened. The Unisphere became dirty afterward. People wrote graffiti in the pools.
In 1989, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation said it would clean the Unisphere. From 1993 to 1994, the Unisphere was fixed and cleaned. The fountains were also turned back on. It became an official city landmark in May 1995. The Unisphere's fountain was cleaned again in 2010.

Design

The Unisphere is the world's largest globe. It is  wide and  tall. The globe weighs . Its base weighs . The Unisphere is made of stainless steel. The continents and islands on the Unisphere were made by the Rigidized Metals Corporation. The Unisphere is tilted 23.5 degrees.

There are three rings around the Unisphere. They show the orbits of Yuri Gagarin, John Glenn, and the Telstar satellite around the Earth. There were supposed to be more rings, but the designers could not do this. The rings are held up with aircraft cable. The Unisphere's continents and islands are made of many layers of metal sheets. The Unisphere has many latitude and longitude bars of different sizes. This makes the structure stable.
There is a reflecting pool around the Unisphere. It measures  across. There are 48 fountains in the pool. These fountains are supposed to make the Unisphere look like it is floating in space. There are also plaques around the pool.

The Unisphere has a concrete foundation. The ground under the Unisphere used to be a marsh. There are 528 wooden rods under the Unisphere.

References

Notes

Other references

Other websites
 Story of the Unisphere at the World's Fair at the 1964/1965 New York World's Fair website
 Unisphere pictures
 Internet Archive: The Unisphere: Biggest World on Earth (1964), film about the creation of the Unisphere

Buildings and structures in New York City
New York City Designated Landmarks
Queens (New York City)
1960s establishments in New York (state)
Isaac W. Sprague (May 21, 1841 - January 5, 1887) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Skeleton Man. He also appeared as The Living Skeleton and The Original Thin Man.  He was born in Massachusetts. Doctors were puzzled when he began losing weight rapidly in his teens. He joined a sideshow in 1865, then got a job at P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York City in 1868. He married and had three healthy sons. He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1887.

Early years
Sprague was born in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Sprague, a shoemaker, and his wife, Betsey Sprague. He was a normal child who spent much time swimming. At 12 years, he began to lose weight quickly. His appetite was healthy. Sprague blamed the swimming for his weight loss, but doctors were puzzled.
Middle years
Sprague worked in his father's shoemaking business and later in his father's grocery store. The more weight Sprague lost, the weaker he grew. After his parents died, he was too weak to work and was forced to leave his job. 

In 1865, a sideshow passed through town. He declined a job offer with the troupe, but reconsidered and joined the show. He appeared as The Living Skeleton or The Original Thin Man. He went to New York City and got a job in P. T. Barnum's American Museum at $80 a week. Sprague's job ended when the museum burned to the ground in 1868.

Last years 
Sprague married Tamar Moore, and sired three healthy boys upon her. He returned to work with Barnum and other showman. At age 44, Sprague stood five feet six inches, and weighed only 44 pounds. Physicians decided he suffered from extreme muscular atrophy.  He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1892.

References

Notes
 Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged.
1841 births
1887 deaths
Entertainers from Massachusetts
American sideshow attractions
Scott McCloud (born Scott McLeod on June 10, 1960) is an American artist. He is famous for writing comic books that are about comic books. His book Understanding Comics was published in 1993. It is about comic books as a form of art. He has also written Reinventing Comics (2000) and Making Comics (2006). 

In 1984, he created a superhero comic called Zot!. McCloud thought that super heroes were too grim so he made Zot! fun and light-hearted. 

McCloud does most of his art on computers with a graphics tablet and software like Adobe Photoshop.

American comics artists
American comics writers
1960 births
Living people
Andrea Lynn Evans (June 18, 1957 – July 9, 2023) was an American actress. She worked mostly on television soap operas. She played Rebecca Hotchkiss in the soap opera Passions, and Tawny in the series The Bold and the Beautiful. Evans was born in Aurora, Illinois.

Evans died of breast cancer at her home in Pasadena, California, on July 9, 2023, at the age of 66.

References

Deaths from breast cancer
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
1957 births
2023 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
People from Aurora, Illinois
The Wild Men of Borneo was a sideshow attraction. The Wild Men were midget brothers Hiram and Barney Davis. Hiram (1825–1905) was born in England. His brother Barney (1827–1912) was born on Long Island, New York State.

The two were mentally deficient, but physically strong. They each stood about 42 inches tall and weighed about 40 pounds. In 1852, showman Lyman Warner discovered them, and bought the two from their widowed mother.

Warner named them Waino and Plutano. The two capably acted their parts as The Wild Men of Borneo. They talked gibberish, lifted male audience members, or wrestled to show their muscles. They recited poems they had been taught. When Lyman Warner died in 1871, his son Hanford managed the brothers.

In 1880, Waino and Plutano were managed by P. T. Barnum. Under his direction, The Wild Men of Borneo became one of the most famous sideshow attractions in the world. The two earned $200,000 over their lifetimes.
In 1893, the promotional booklet What We Know About Waino and Plutano, Wild Men of Borneo described their 1848 "capture" and the Wild Men as hardly above the social level of "orang-outangs of a like size".

The brothers' sideshow days ended in 1903 when Hiram fell ill. They moved to Massachusetts. Hiram died in 1905 and Barney in 1912. The two are buried in Mount Vernon, Ohio.

References

Other websites
 Wild Men of Borneo at The Human Marvels

1825 births
1827 births
1905 deaths
1912 deaths
19th-century American sideshow performers
Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt (born August 12, 1975) is an American actor and director. He is the younger brother of Ben Affleck.

He played Morgan O'Mally in Good Will Hunting, Virgil Malloy in the Ocean's Trilogy and Patrick Kenzie in Gone Baby Gone. He portrayed Robert Ford in The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

In 2017, Affleck won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Manchester by the Sea.
Early life
Affleck was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. He is the second son of Christine Anne "Chris" (née Boldt), a school district employee and teacher, and Timothy Byers Affleck, a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, and former actor with the Theater Company of Boston. Affleck is three years younger than his brother Ben. He has English, Irish, German, Scottish, French, Swiss, Northern Irish (Scotch-Irish), Welsh, and Swedish ancestry. He is a tenth cousin, once removed, of actor Matt Damon, through a common New England ancestor. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family. As a child, he had numerous pets, including cats, snakes, guinea pigs and turtles. Affleck went to George Washington University and later transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in physics, astronomy, and Western philosophy, but never graduated.

References

Other websites

Official website
Official website 

Best Actor Academy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
1975 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Episcopalians
Actors from Massachusetts
Linda Thorson (born Linda Robinson on 18 June 1947) is a Canadian actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Tara in the British television action show The Avengers. Thorson was born in Toronto, Ontario.

Canadian television actors
1947 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Nebling is a small village in the municipality of Untergriesbach in Passau in Lower Bavaria, Germany.

References 
 Ortverzeichnis der Bayerischen Landesbibliothek

Passau (district)
"Snuff" is the fifth single from the album All Hope Is Gone by metal band Slipknot. It was released on September 28, 2009.

The song reached #2 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. It was the last single that was released from the band before the death of their bassist, Paul Gray. Vocalist Corey Taylor performs an acoustic version of the song as a tribute to Paul Gray during Stone Sour shows.

The song was nominated for Best Single at the Kerrang! Awards 2010. It lost to "Liquid Confidence" by You Me at Six.

References

Slipknot songs
2009 songs
The term social movement refers to action by groups, individuals or organizations focusing over political or social matters. In particular, the movement wants to resist or undo certain change. A reform movement is one seeking to change laws and normals. Trade unions represent rights to abortion, LGBT and workers rights.

Related pages
Activism
Anti-nuclear movement
Anti-war movement
Environmentalism
Lobbying

References

Political movements
The term minority rights refers to the rights of minority groups. This includes the individual rights of a group's members and the collective rights of the group itself. These groups can be racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual minorities.

For the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights protects their identities. For people with disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities  exists to protect them, and for LGBT people, the Yogyakarta Principles were written down by the United Nations.

Also, the Council of Europe, European Union and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe also affirm protection of minority rights as part of human rights and the rule of law.

Other Page 
International human rights law

Politics
Rights
The Native American Cherokee people of the Appalachians have a complex set of spiritual beliefs. Their mythology involves a set of totemic creation spirits who are said to have formed the world.

The Cherokee believe that signs, visions, dreams and powers were all gifts of the spirits. They believe that the real world is intertwined with and presided over by the spirit world.

Creation beliefs
The creation myth of the Cherokee describes the earth as a great floating island surrounded by an ocean. It hangs from the sky by cords attached at the four cardinal points. The story tells that the first earth came to be when Dâyuni'sï, the little water beetle, came down from the sky world (Gälûñ'lätï) to see what was below the water. He paddled over the surface of the water, but found no place to rest. He dived to the bottom of the water and brought up some soft mud. This mud expanded in every direction and became the earth.
The other spirits in Gälûñ'lätï were eager to come down to the new earth. Firstly, birds were sent to see if the mud was dry. The buzzard was sent ahead to make preparations for the others, but the earth was still soft. When he grew tired, his wings dipped very low and brushed the soft mud, forming mountains and valleys in the flat ground. When the earth was finally dry, all of the animals came down from the sky. It was dark, so they took the Sun and put it in a track to travel east to west. At first, they set it too low and the crawfish was burned. So they elevated the sun several times to reduce its heat.

The story tells how several other plants and animals got certain features. They all were told to stay awake for seven nights, but only a few animals such as the owl and panther were able to; and so these two were given the power to see and hunt at night. Only a few trees were able to as well – the cedar, pine, spruce and laurel – and so the rest were forced to shed their leaves in the winter.
The first people were a brother and sister. The brother hit his sister with a fish and told her to multiply. Following this, she gave birth to a child every seven days. Soon, there were too many people, so women were then forced to have just one child every year.

Venerated spirits
The Cherokee revere the Great Spirit. She is called Unelanuhi, the sun goddess. She presided over all things when the earth was created, and was said to have made the earth to provide for her children. Unelanuhi is all-seeing, all-knowing and all-powerful. The Wahnenauhi Manuscript says that God is Unahlahnauhi, meaning "maker of all things", and Kalvlvtiahi, meaning "the one who lives above".
The twin Thunder Boys are the sons of Kanati and Selu. They live in the land of the west above the sky. When thunder sounds, the boys are playing ball. The lightning and the rainbow are their beautiful dress. The priests pray to the thunder and he visited the people to bring the rains and blessings from the South.  It was believed that the thunder beings who lived close to the Earth's surface, in the cliffs and mountains, and under water falls could and did harm the people at times.  These other thunders are always plotting mischief. The thunder beings were viewed as the most powerful of the servants of the Great Spirit. They were revered in the first dance of the Green Corn Ceremony held each year. They were believed to have brought the rains for a successful corn crop.
Other spirits
 Asgaya Gigagei - The Red Man or Woman evoked in spells to cure the ill. Asgaya Gigagei is either male or female, depending on the sex of the patient.
 Kanati - "The Lucky Hunter." Sometimes called First Man. He lives with his wife Selu ("Corn") in the east where the sun rises, and their sons, the Twin Thunder Boys, live in the west.
 Ocasta -  "Stonecoat." The name comes from his coat which was made of pieces of flint. Equally good and evil, Ocasta was one of the Creator's helpers. Ocasta created witches and drifted from village to village stirring up turmoil. Some women trapped Ocasta, pinning him to the ground with a stick through his heart. The men cremated the dying Ocasta, who while burning on his funeral pyre taught them songs and dances for hunting, fighting wars and healing. Some of the men were granted great power and became the first medicine men.
Selu - "Corn." Sometimes known as First Woman. Kanati's wife. Selu created corn in secret by rubbing her belly or by defecating. Her sons, the Twin Thunder Boys, killed her when they spied upon her and decided she was a witch.
 Sun - A goddess. When Sun's daughter was bitten by a snake and taken to the Ghost Country, Sun hid herself in grief. The world was ever dark, and Sun's tears became a flood. At last the Cherokee sent their young men and women to heal Sun's grief, which they did with singing and dancing.
Evil
There is no one evil spirit in Cherokee theology. An asgina is any kind of spirit, but it is usually considered to be a bad spirit. Uya, sometimes called Uyaga is an evil earth spirit which works against the forces of good and what is right. There is also Nun'Yunu'Wi and Kalona Ayeliski, evil spirits who prey on the souls of the dying and would torment their victims until they died.

All disease and suffering is traditionally believed to be caused by the spirits or by witchcraft. It was also believed that the plants made medicine to cure each sickness that entered the world. When the medicine man does not know what medicine to use the spirits of the plants tell him.

References

Other websites
Myths of the Cherokee by James Mooney

Mythology
Cherokee Nation
Tanycolagreus is a genus of coelurosaur theropod from the Upper Jurassic of North America.

The fossil holotype  was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of Thanksgiving Point Institute, and displayed in the North American Museum of Ancient Life at Lehi, Utah. It includes an incomplete skull and mandible (lower jaws) and much of the postcranial skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The size of this specimen suggests a size in life of about 3.3 meters (11 feet) long.

Habitat 
The fossil was found in the Morrison Formation, where originally there was a great variety of life. This environment  a savannah with many rivers. Along the rivers were conifer forests, with  ginkgos, cycads, tree ferns, and horsetails rushes.
Insects were very similar to modern species, with termites building 30 m (100 ft.) tall nests. Along the rivers, there were fish, frogs, salamanders, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, pterosaurs, crayfish, clams, and monotremes (prototherian mammals, the largest of which was about the size of a rat). The dinosaurs were most likely along the rivers as well. Hundreds of dinosaur fossils have been discovered.

According to radiometric dating, the Morrison Formation dates from 156.3 ± 2 million years old (mya) at its base, to 146.8 ± 1 mya at the top, so it lasted just under 10 million years.

Phylogeny
Carpenter and his co-workers said that this genus most closely resembles Coelurus, though it has some more "primitive" features. Although a 2007 analysis suggested it was a basal Tyrannosaur, later work showed once again its basal position in the Coelurosauria.

References 

Jurassic dinosaurs
Coelurosaurs
Videotape is magnetic tape used to record moving images and (usually) sound. Videotape was invented in the 1950s for recording television shows for later broadcasting. In the 1970s it entered use in low-cost filmmaking. In the 1980s analog tape became commonplace at home, and replaced the use of photographic film for home movies. Better digital videotape systems started replacing motion picture film at the end of the 20th century. 21st century video mostly uses digital recording media such as memory cards and hard drives rather than videotape. 

Magnetic tape
Saint Catherine's Monastery is a monastery in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. It is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Other websites 

 Official Website of the Holy Monastery of St. Catherine at Mount Sinai
 Saint Catherine Area/ World Heritage Listing on UNESCO's Website
 Saint Catherine Foundation

Archaeological sites in Egypt
World Heritage Sites in Egypt
Byzantine Empire
Monasteries
Eastern Orthodox Church
6th-century buildings and structures‎
South Sinai Governorate
The Arabian Desert is a desert in western Asia. It is on most of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers . Most people are Arabs. The main language is Arabic, and the main religion is Sunni Islam.

The countries in The Arabian Desert are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE, Oman, and Yemen.

Animals that live here are gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards. Very few animals live in the Rub' al Khali in the middle of the desert.

Other websites

Deserts of Asia
Ecoregions
My Old Man is a music hall song. It was written in 1919 by Fred W. Leigh and Charles Collins. Marie Lloyd made the song popular.

Chorus
The chorus is known the most:
   My old man said "Foller the van,
   And don't dilly dally on the way".
   Off went the van wiv me 'ome packed in it,
   I followed on wiv me old cock linnet.
   But I dillied and dallied, dallied and I dillied
   Lost me way and don't know where to roam.
   Well you can't trust a special like the old time coppers
   When you can't find your way 'ome.

References and notes

Other websites  
 Full song lyrics

1910s songs
Mobridge is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Walworth County, which is in the northern part of the state. It became a city in 1906, and 3,465 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites 
City of Mobridge website

Cities in South Dakota
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in South Dakota
The term delusional disorder refers to an uncommon although serious condition in which patients have non-bizarre delusions. These patients function in normal manners. Their delusions are not caused from drugs or general disorders. Examples of these delusions include being followed, spied on or being poisoned, having certain health problems, such as heart disease or stroke.

Mental illnesses
Where's My Water? is a puzzle video game developed by Creature Feep and published by Disney Mobile, a subsidiary of Disney Interactive Studios. Released for desktop web browsers such as Internet Explorer and devices using Apple's iOS, Google's Android, Microsoft's Windows Phone and BlackBerry 10 operating systems, the game requires players to route a supply of water to an alligator. Its lead character, Swampy, is the first original Disney character for a mobile game.

The game has inspired additional games by Disney Mobile, “Where’s My Perry?” and “Where’s My Mickey?” being released on June 20, 2013. A follow-up to the game, called "Where's My Water? 2" was released on September 2013.

Gameplay
Swampy, an alligator living in a city sewer system, hates being dirty. Whenever he tries to take a bath, Cranky, another alligator living in the sewers, disrupts the water flow to Swampy's home.
Located somewhere on the level is a supply of water, either a limited amount pooled at different locations or an unlimited amount flowing from a pipe. Players use the touch screen on their device to dig through the dirt and redirect the water toward an inlet leading to Swampy's bathtub. In many levels, the water must be routed through other pipes or must interact with machines in order to open up a route to the inlet. When the required amount of water (that being twenty minimum) reaches the bathtub, the level is completed and the next level is unlocked. Also scattered around the level are three rubber ducks that can be collected when they are filled with five drops of water. Select levels also include items hidden in the dirt that will unlock bonus levels when three-item collections are completed.
Certain levels are also populated by hazards that must be avoided or removed. For example, some levels contain algae that will absorb water and grow, while bombs destroy all objects and/or kill all the rubber ducks in the bomb's vicinity. Other types of fluids will sometimes appear, such as purple poison/acid, reddish mud, and green ooze/slime. If either poison, ooze or mud reaches the inlet, the level is failed and must be restarted (Swampy jumps out of the tub if poison/acid enters it, but simply gets surprised or disgusted if ooze/slime or mud enters it instead). If all the water or any fluids that must be converted disappear, Swampy simply mopes as the level restarts too (in the free version of this game or any version of the game until 2013, he mournfully cries as a result of failure). The poison, mud, and the ooze will kill all the rubber ducks (they turn into uncollectable skulls and make a painful-sounding quack) on contact, as well as bombs when the ducks are in the vicinity of them.
Points are awarded for a/the short amount of time taken to complete the level, for collecting rubber ducks and for delivering more than the minimum amount of water to Swampy's tub. Collecting a certain number of rubber ducks will also unlock new groups of levels.

Development
Where's My Water? was developed by Creature Feep, a team of designers within the Disney Mobile division of Disney Interactive Studios. Creature Feep is headed up by game design director Tim FitzRandolph. In an October 2011 interview, FitzRandolph explained that the goal for the development of Where's My Water? was "to contribute a new character to the company, while making a really fun game in the process".
The earliest phase of development centered around the concept of the game, which was players using their fingers to guide water to a goal. In actuality, the water is rendered as lots of individual "drops" that interact with each other. At one point the designers had to devise a reason for having a bathtub underground. That reason came from the urban legend of alligators living in city sewers, so the game's lead character became a "hygiene-conscious alligator". Unlike many mobile games released by Disney, where characters from the company's films are used, Where's My Water? represents the first time that Disney has produced an original character for a mobile game. In designing that character, Disney Mobile wanted one "that felt like it belonged when lined up with other Disney characters".
Where's My Water? came out with four chapters - "Meet Swampy", "Troubled Waters", "Under Pressure" and "Sink or Swim" — each containing 20 levels.  New chapters are rolled out with updates, each featuring new gameplay tools and supplies. A version for devices that have the Android operating system was released on the Android Market in North America on November 23, 2011 and included all six chapters available up to that point. A free, ad-supported version of Where's My Water? was also released to both iOS and Android in December 2011. The free version included 25 unique levels, plus the ability to unlock five popular levels taken from the main game. In May 2012, a total of 20 levels that originally appeared in the free version were added to the full version, collectively known as "The Lost Levels". The levels in question are grouped into two holiday-themed chapters
. June 2012  The update also included two new in-app purchases: the "Mystery Duck" mode (see below) and Locksmith Duck, which would unlock a chapter without having to collect a certain number of ducks within the main game. In connection, Where's My Perry, a version of the game featuring Perry the Platypus from Phineas and Ferb. On September 19, 2012, a new update brought a special Birthday Level, "Make a Wish", to Where's My Water and Swampy's 1 Year Birthday. 10 more Lost Levels were also added for free. An infographic of Where's my Water's history teased a new update with a black-and-white and Frankenweenie-based levels.
Cranky's Story
In January 2012, "Cranky's Story", a new subset of levels within the game, was added initially to the iOS version and later to the Android version. The gameplay in "Cranky's Story" is basically the same as the main game, in that players must route a fluid to an inlet goal. However, this time the player must help Cranky by bringing the purple poisonous water into his lair to melt algae that is covering his food. This time, the ducks are now purple and can only be collected by being filled with poison, while other fluids (including clean water) will kill it. If water or any of the other liquids enter the inlet, the level is failed (the water causes Cranky's food to be covered with more algae, surprising him, while ooze will turn it into a rock and being kicked away, the same is true with mud). If all of the poison is lost, then Cranky will get very angry and impatient over the loss of the poison.
The update also includes Cranky Challenges, a set of 24 challenges and eight bonus stages for the player to accomplish, but with different objectives rather than those in Swampy's main story, ocassionally some Cranky levels also incorporate such Challenges. If those challenges are failed, then Swampy will just mope as if you lost all the water (up until 2013, he would mournfully cry as if you lost all the water as well). If the challenge were to be a Cranky-based level, and then fail in a similar manner to other challenges, then Cranky will get very angry as if you lost all the poison.
The first five levels in the first chapter, "Cranky's First Course", are free to play, while the rest of the chapter and all of the second chapter, "Hunger Pains", are accessible through a one-time in-app purchase.  An all new Food Groups and the third episode "Bulking Up" were released on April 5, 2012, as well as adding 6 challenges and two bonus stages. The fourth and final episode, "Overstuffed", was released on May 18, 2012.

Challenges 
There are challenges found in many Swampy and Cranky levels. There are seven basic types, four of them coming from Cranky Challenges, while the other three from the Mystery Duck's game mode:
 To triduck (get three ducks on a level) a level, but with Cranky Ducks
 To triduck (get three ducks on a level) a level, but with Swampy Ducks
 To zeroduck (get past a level with no ducks) a level
 To get past a level without getting any of the required water to Swampy
 To beat a level with a Mystery Duck
 To beat a level with a Mega Duck
 To beat a level with 10 Ducklings
Mystery Duck
In June 2012, a new game mode called "Mystery Duck" was introduced. It is a revisit of the levels from the main game except the player has to deal 3 special kinds of ducks. They are:
 The MegaDuck, a large duck that requires a large amount of water to fill
 Ducklings, a group of 10 tiny ducks (which can easily be filled with a drop of water)
 The tuxedo-clad Mystery Duck, which goes around an entire level either by disappearing and reappearing in certain spots or physically moving up and down and side to side.
Like "Cranky's Story", a one-time in-app purchase was required to play beyond the first five levels. On September 19, as part of the Birthday update, 40 more levels were added to Mystery Duck.
Allie's Story
In May 2013, a new subset of levels called "Allie's Story" was added in a May 25 update. The gameplay in this mode is the same as the other modes, but this time, it requires players to direct steam to operate Allie's makeshift pipe organ. Ducks are light blue and can only be filled with steam, while other fluids (except clean water) will kill them. If water or any other fluids get in the inlet or any of the steam is lost, the level is failed. As with Cranky's Story and Mystery Duck, a one-time in-app purchase is required to play beyond the first five levels.
The update also includes Allie Challenges, a set of 24 challenges and eight bonus stages for the player to accomplish, but has to collect all the notes in the correct order from left to right. Ocassionally, Swampy, Cranky, or Allie levels incorporate such Challenges.  If the player makes a wrong turn of events, such as killing (or partially filling) the music note or breaking the correct order, then such challenge would fail and the level would be failed as well as if you lost all of the steam/water/poison.

List of levels

References

2011 video games
Disney video games
Puzzle video games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
Windows games
Televiziunea Română (TVR) is the national television system of Romania. It is made up of many channels (important channels of TVR : TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR Cultural and TVR Info). It broadcasts most official and important international events. It started in the year 1956.

References

Other websites

 TVR official website
  Six TVR journalists accuse censorship (Ziua, 8 December 2004)

1956 establishments in Europe
Television networks
20th-century establishments in Romania
Organizations based in Romania
Sam Alexander (ca. 1920s-1997) was a 20th-century sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Man with Two Faces. As a young man and an employee of the Schubert Theater in Chicago, Illinois, his carelessness with a lit cigarette caused a gasoline explosion that burned off his face. 

After a year in hospital and then a stay in a nursing home, Alexander began wearing a mask and joined a Peter Kortes sideshow. Alexander would tell his story to the audience then remove his mask. It was a shocking exhibition. Alexander was made the blow off for the show.

Alexander went on to work with Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey. At Madison Square Garden in the 1960s, ladies were so shocked by his face he was ordered off the stage. He later worked with the Clyde Beatty Circus. He later started his own sideshow company. Alexander had 72 operations throughout his life to repair his face, all were unsuccessful. Eventually, he decided the remaining years of his life were not best spent behind the mask. He died in 1997.
References
 Hartzman, Marc. 2006. American Sideshow Penguin. pp. 112-113.
 Sideshows: Sam Alexander
 The Human Marvels: Sam Alexander
 Top 10 Famous Side Shows & Peculiar Performers: Sam Alexander

1920s births
1997 deaths
American sideshow attractions
Quetiapine (better known as Seroquel) is an antipsychotic drug used to treat bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression, though it is used off-label for anxiety problems, Tourette syndrome and autism issues. The side effects of Quetiapine include fatigue, dry mouth and being sleepy. The medication is sometimes used for PTSD.

References

Drugs used in psychiatry
Organonitrogen compounds
Organosulfur compounds
Miriam Bryant (born in Gothenburg, Sweden on 8 March 1991) is a Swedish-Finnish singer and songwriter.

Albums
 Raised in Rain (2013) (N12 in Sweden)

Singles
 "Finders, Keepers" (2012)
 "Raised in Rain" (2012)
 "Push Play" (2013) (N13 in Sweden) 
 "Find You" (2014) Zedd ft Matthew Koma and Miriam Bryant
 "Dragon" (2014) (N44 in Sweden)

References

1991 births
Living people
Singers from Gothenburg
Swedish pop singers
Wood Buffalo National Park is a national park and the largest one in Canada. The park is in northeastern Alberta and southern Northwest Territories.

It was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 because of its biological diversity. The Peace-Athabasca Delta is one of the world's largest freshwater deltas, as well as having a population of wild bison.

Inside the park is the only natural nesting habitat for the endangered whooping crane. The park is also populated by moose, wood bison, black bear, wolf, lynx, beaver, brown bear, snowshoe hare, sandhill crane, ruffed grouse, and the world's northernmost population of red-sided garter snakes.

Other websites

Wood Buffalo National Park; Parks Canada
Wood Buffalo National Park; UNESCO

Geography of British Columbia
Northwest Territories
National parks in Canada
Dark-sky preserves
World Heritage Sites in Canada
County Tipperary () is a county of Ireland. County Tipperary is in the province of Munster. It is named after the town of Tipperary. The area of the county is in two halves, North Tipperary and South Tipperary. The population of the county as a whole is 158,754, according to the 2011 Irish Census.

 Tipperary
Munster
Barbara Bennett (1940s–2000) was an American sideshow attraction. Her stage name was "World's Smallest Mother". Her bones were disfigured. In the 1970s, she attended a sideshow, and decided that she wanted to be an attraction. She joined the Hall & Christ show with her similarly afflicted daughter and her husband Ed. Audiences accused her of being a male attraction in drag, Peter Moore, who suffered the same sort of disfigurements. She worked the Hall & Christ show for eight years, then bought it. After four years, she retired. She went on to have three more children. She died on Christmas Day of 2000.

References
 Hartzman, Marc. 2006. American Sideshow. Penguin. pp. 119–120. (pbk. edition). 

1940s births
2000 deaths
American sideshow attractions
A sideshow is an amusement or entertainment usually associated with circus and carnival midways. Such a show displays curiosities of all sorts such as bearded ladies, midgets, giants, snake charmers, two-headed babies saved in formaldehyde, six-legged calves, and more.

Related pages
 Freaks, a 1930s movie about sideshow performers

References

Circuses
Robert Newton "Bob" Ford (January 31, 1862 – June 8, 1892) was an American outlaw. He is best known for shooting his gang leader Jesse James in the back of the head and killing him. Ford shot James because Missouri governor Thomas T. Crittenden placed a $10,000 bounty on James.

Death
On June 8, 1892, while Ford was drinking in his tent saloon, Edward Capehart O'Kelley entered with a shotgun. O'Kelley said "Hello, Bob." and when Ford turned around O'Kelley fired both barrels which killed Ford instantly. "The man who shot Jesse James" was inscribed on his grave marker.

References

Other websites 
Robert Ford's Legends of America profile

1862 births
1892 deaths

American murderers
American murder victims
People from Missouri
Anthony John "Tony" Soprano is an Italian-American fictional character on The Sopranos. He is a troubled crime boss struggling to balance his family life and career in the Mafia. Soprano is also a crime boss for many criminal organizations. He was played by James Gandolfini. Soprano was born in Newark, New Jersey. Gandolfini's performance as Soprano made him famous. Entertainment Weekly listed him as the 42nd Greatest TV Icon of All Time.

References

Fictional American people
Fictional criminals
Fictional people with antisocial personality disorder
People from New Jersey
Television characters
Westwood (nicknamed "The Hub of the Pascack Valley") is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Westwood was officially incorporated as a borough on May 8, 1894. Actors James Gandolfini and Robert Sean Leonard. are from Westwood.

References

Other websites

 Borough of Westwood official website
 Westwood Regional School District 
 Data for the Westwood Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics
 Westwood Chamber of Commerce website
 Westwood NJ HandyGuide 
 Westwood Heritage Society 
 Westwood United Methodist Church 

Boroughs in Bergen County, New Jersey
The Staten Island Mall is an indoor shopping mall located in Staten Island, New York. It is the largest shopping center on Staten Island. It is the only indoor shopping mall in the borough. It opened in 1973.

The mall has 200 stores with around 3,000 people working in those stores. Stores include JCPenney, Sears, and Macy's. Many bus routes go to the mall area. This makes it the second-largest area in the borough for public transportation after the St. George ferry terminal.

References

Other websites
 Staten Island Mall website

Buildings and structures in New York City
Malls
Mall
1973 establishments in New York (state)
The Staten Island Zoo is a zoo in Staten Island, New York. It has over 443 animals of over 206 species. It opened on June 10, 1936. At the time of its opening, it was considered the first "educational zoo" in the United States.

The zoo is known for its large collection of rattlesnakes. The zoo's collection is one of the largest rattlesnake collections in North America. It is the home of Staten Island Chuck, a groundhog who is New York City's official Groundhog Day forecaster.

References

Other websites
Staten Island Zoo website

1936 establishments in the United States
Buildings and structures in New York City
Zoos in the United States
Zoo
1930s establishments in New York (state)
Robert Calvin "Bobby" Bland (January 27, 1930 – June 23, 2013), also known as Bobby "Blue" Bland, was an American singer of blues and soul. He was an original member of the Beale Streeters, and was sometimes referred to as the "Lion of the Blues". Along with such artists as Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, and Junior Parker, Bland developed a sound that mixed gospel with the blues and R&B.

Bland was an African-American who was born on January 27, 1930 in Rosemark, Tennessee. He was raised in Memphis, Tennessee. Bland died on June 23, 2013 in Germantown, Tennessee from an illness. He was 83 years old. After his death, his son told news media that Bland had recently discovered that musician James Cotton was his half-brother.

References

Other websites
 Bobby Bland discography
 Bobby Bland  at Wenig-Lamonica Associates
 Bobby Blue Bland  at AuthenticBlues.com
1930 births
2013 deaths
African American musicians
American blues musicians
American soul musicians
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
American soul singers
Vanesa Capo Perez (born October 3, 1982 in Balearic Islands) is a swimmer from Spain.  She has a disability: she has cerebral palsy and is an S6 type swimmer.  She raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the 4 x 50 meter Relay 20pts race.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1982 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S6
Tania Cerda Meseguer (born September 30, 1977 in Badalona) is a swimmer from Spain.  She has a physical disability: she is an S9 type swimmer.  She raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished third in the 4 x 100 meter Relay 34 Points race. She raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1982 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
1996 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S9
Sportspeople from Catalonia
Richard Wilson Riley (born January 2, 1933) is an American politician. He was United States Secretary of Education under President Bill Clinton. He was the 111th Governor of South Carolina. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Riley was born on January 2, 1933 in Greenville, South Carolina. He studied at Furman University and at the University of South Carolina. Riley is currently married to Ann Yarborough. They had four children.

Other websites
SCIway Biography of Richard Wilson Riley
NGA Biography of Richard Wilson Riley 
 U.S. Department of Education Bio
 The Political Graveyard
 CNN AllPolitics – Players – Richard Riley
 Nelson, Mullins, Riley, and Scarborough Biography 
 Richard W. Riley College of Education and Leadership 
 The Riley Institute 
 Furman University

1933 births
Living people
Lawyers from South Carolina
American Methodists
Governors of South Carolina
People from Greenville, South Carolina
United States Secretaries of Education
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Pablo Cimadevila Alvarez (born December 12, 1978 in Pontevedra) is a swimmer from Spain.  Back in 1982 when Pablo was only four-years-old, he faced a severe car accident. Due to which he becomes paraplegic. Later, Cimadevila took swimming classes and decided to pursue a career as a swimmer. He is an S6 type swimmer.  

Cimadevila won his first Bronze Medal in Men's 200meter freestyle back in 1991. Similarly, in 1998 he won a Gold Medal in Men's 4x50 m freestyle relay. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 200 meter individual medley.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the 4×50 meter medley relay 20 pts race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 200 meter individual medley  race and third in the 4×50 m medley 20 points race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

In 2010, he raced at the Tenerife International Open.
In 2014 Pablo established a jewelry company named Cimadevila Designs. He has a jewelry brand named Kamikaze Jewels.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1978 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S6
Galician people
People from Pontevedra
Jesus Collado Alarcon (born September 13, 1979 in Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability; he is an S9 type swimmer.  He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 100 meter butterfly race. He finished third in the 100 meter backstroke race and in the 200 meter individual medley SM9 race.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 100 meter butterfly race. He finished third in the 100 meter backstroke race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 400 meter freestyle race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

In 2010, he raced at the Tenerife International Open.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1979 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S9
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Pablo Corral Embade (born January 25, 1972 in A Coruña) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is an B2/S12 type swimmer.  He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 50 meter freestyle.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1972 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Sportspeople from A Coruña
The Fresh Kills Landfill was a landfill located in Staten Island, New York City. It was opened in 1947 as a temporary landfill. The area used to be a swamp. It became New York City's main landfill in the second half of the 20th century. At one time, it was the largest man-made structure in the world. It was closed in 2001.

At the height of its service in the 1960s, the contents of 20 barges, each having 650 tons of garbage, were added to the landfill every day. By 2001, the landfill was larger than the Statue of Liberty.

After the September 11 attacks, the landfill was used to sort one third of the debris from the World Trade Center site. Around two million tons of debris from the site was taken to the landfill for sorting.

The site of the landfill will become the Freshkills Park. Construction on the park began in 2008. It will be larger than Central Park. Construction on the park will last 30 years.

References

Other websites
 Freshkills Park Blog
 Staten Island Landfill: Fresh Kills
1947 establishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in the United States

Staten Island
1940s establishments in New York (state)