Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book is an important source of early keyboard music from England. Its name comes from Viscount Fitzwilliam who gave the book to Cambridge University in 1816.

Music media
The Blue Ridge Mountains are mountains that go across the eastern United States. They go through Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and West Virginia. Its highest point is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina. The first mountain or best known mountain, is Blue Mountain in Pennsylvania. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a part of the Appalachian Mountains.

The blue haze which covers the mountains is caused by isoprene. It is produced by the trees and other plants.

Other websites

Mountain ranges of the United States
Appalachian Mountains
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Mount Mitchell is a mountain in North Carolina. It is  tall, the tallest in the Blue Ridge Mountains. The top of the mountain is the highest point in the United States east of the Black Hills in South Dakota. The mountain was named after Elisha Mitchell, a professor at the University of North Carolina, who determined its height in 1835. Mitchell later fell to his death at nearby Mitchell Falls in 1857, having returned to verify his earlier measurements. The ascent of Mount Mitchell is now rather easy, since a 4.6 mile (7.4 km) road (NC 128) off the historic and scenic Blue Ridge Parkway runs nearby, and a 980-foot (300 m) trail leads through a conifer forest to the summit. The 40-foot (12 m) stone observation tower on the summit was torn down in late 2006. A new observation deck was constructed and opened to visitors in January 2009.[3] Also on the summit is the tomb of Dr. Mitchell.

Mountains of the United States
Geography of North Carolina
Appalachian Mountains
Sweet Home Alabama is a song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from the album Second Helping. It was released in 1974 and reached the #8 spot on the American music charts.

Meaning
The song was made in response to two songs that Neil Young had made about racism in the Southern United States, called "Southern Man" and "Alabama". The band felt that Young was being unfair to Alabama and the South, so Sweet Home Alabama includes the positive things about the state including the beautiful whether ("where the sky's always blue") and the music heritage (Now Muscle Shoals has got the Swampers / And they've been known to pick a song or two"). The song also protests then-Alabama Governor George Wallace, who was known for his racist views.

References

1974 songs
Country rock songs
Southern rock songs
Blues rock songs
Lynyrd Skynyrd songs
Alabama (band) songs
Face to Face (first known as Zero Tolerance) is an American punk rock band from Victorville, California  formed in 1991 by frontman Trever Keith.

American punk bands
Musical groups from California
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in 2004
2004 disestablishments in the United States
2000s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in 2008
2008 establishments in California
Geffen Records is an American record label, owned by Universal Music Group. It was made in 1980 by David Geffen. It is worked as one third of UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M label group.

.

1980 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in New York (state)
American record labels
Companies based in New York City
Fast Forward Weekly (FFWD) is a news and entertainment weekly which has news, alternative viewpoints, entertainment information, review articles and specialized advertising. It is distributed throughout Calgary, Banff and Canmore. It is owned by Great West Newspapers, LP. With an assessed readership of 70,000 upon a distributed circulation of 30,000, the paper is one of the most widely read and well-liked newspapers in Canada.

Newspapers published in Canada
English-language newspapers
Seismic performance is an execution of a building structure's ability to sustain its due functions, such as safety and serviceability, at and after a particular earthquake. A structure is, normally, considered safe if it does not endanger the lives and wellbeing of those in or around it by partially or completely collapsing. A structure may be considered serviceable if it is able to fulfill its operational functions for which it was designed.

Ancient builders believed that earthquakes were a result of wrath of gods (in Greek mythology, e.g., the main "Earth-Shaker" was Poseidon) and, therefore, could not be resisted by humans.

Nowadays, the people's attitude has changed dramatically though seismic loads, sometimes, exceed ability of a structure to resist them without being broken, partially or completely.

Related pages
 Richter scale
 Tsunami
 Volcano

Notes 

Earthquake engineering
François-André Danican Philidor (7 September 1726 – 31 August 1795), often referred to as André Danican Philidor during his lifetime, or to personal friends as André, was probably the best chessplayer of his time, and a notable composer of light operatic music. He was born into a family of musicians who served at the French court. He became the author of a book on chess which influenced players for many years.p303p15

Early years 
His family name had once been Duncan, until they came from Scotland to Brittany. Danican was then their family name. Then, after their appointment to the court of King Louis XIII in the 17th century, they adopted the name Philidor as a tribute to an Italian court musician called Filidori. Young Philidor was trained in music from an early age, and learnt chess from musicians in intervals between musical numbers. He turned out to be equally good at both activities, though initially the music came first.
Philidor took chess lessons from the leading French master of the time, du Kermeur, Sire de Légall (known as Légall). After three years, he was on equal terms. In 1746 he found himself in Rotterdam without money, after a tour had ended in the death of a young girl harpsichord player. He started to play chess for money, and came to London in 1747 to play a match against the strongest English player, whom he beat. Thus started his new life. He played chess in London, and wrote light operatic scores for the Comédie-Française in Paris.

His life in chess 

Philidor started playing regularly about 1740 at the Parisian Café de la Régence. It was there that he played with a friend from 'New England', Mr. Benjamin Franklin.
At 21 Philidor met the Syrian Philip Stamma of Aleppo, who was a translator and chess player of note. Philidor won by 8½–1⅓. At 29 he defeated his tutor Légall in a match. Unfortunately, none of these games survive, though we do have a number of games from his later career. In 1744, as a teenager, he could play two games of chess simultaneously blindfold, and in Berlin he played three games without sight of the board. He gave these exhibitions many times. This was thought to be a marvel, though it had been done before, by an Italian priest, Saccheri.p45

The book 
In 1749 he published a book on chess which was to make his name. The first edition, in French, included a subscription list of prosperous sponsors, such as the Earl of Sandwich and the Duke of Cumberland. An edition in English, Chess analysed, came out in 1750. He revised and extended the book twice, in 1777 and 1790.
Over the years, the book was a steady success. By 1871, it had gone through about 70 editions, and had been translated into English, German, Russian and Italian. Eventually it went through over a hundred editions in ten languages.p17

His chess ideas 
As one commentator said:
"Philidor's Analyse revolutionised chess thought. For the first time the principles of chess were laid down in an intelligible manner... In particular, he laid down the rules for the correct handling of pawns... [There are] games... to illustrate his principles... He gives some remarkable [endgame] analysis". Hartston p17
Philidor's motto "Les pions sont de l'âme du jeu" (Pawns are the soul of chess) is a saying which is still taught to young players today. It sums up the idea that the pawn 'skeleton' gives the game its long-term structure, and influences how a game proceeds.
Philidor’s book was the first that gave (1) detailed annotations on how to play the middlegame, (2) that presented chess strategy as a whole, and (3) that presented the concepts of the blockade, prophylaxis, positional sacrifice, and mobility of the pawn formation (though without fully identifying those ideas).

Philidor also studied chess endgames, and the book gives generally accurate information about them. An important chess  endgame position that he wrote about is called the Philidor position.

He gave his name to one of the basic chess openings, Philidor's defence.

Philidor was now received into fashionable society in France and England. He took his mistress with him to Prussia, then back to England. Later, in 1760, he married a singer, and had seven children.p304 Philidor played chess at the Café de la Régence in Paris, and at the Salopian Coffee-house and at Parsloe's chess club in London.
His music 
Philidor's contemporaries had some difficulty believing he could be so good at two such different arts, but he was. His work on comic opera (opéra bouffe) excelled. He wrote 25 such works, four with collaborators (including Rousseau). "His Tom Jones (1765) was regarded as the finest work in the theatre...  His Ernelinda, Princess of Norway (1766) so pleased Louis XV that he gave Philidor a pension of 25 louis d'or (French gold coin) from his own purse".p304 The English, however, ignored his music, and after 1792 he never returned home. The French Revolution made his connection with royalty a danger.

Philidor died in 1795, and the Comédie-Française held a benefit concert for his widow.

References 

1726 births
1795 deaths
French chess players
18th-century French composers
Writers from Centre-Val de Loire
People from Eure-et-Loir
A silent majority is a large group of people who support something, but choose not to express their opinions publicly.

This term was made popular by US President Richard Nixon in a speech he gave on November 3 1969, about the Vietnam War. Nixon said "And so tonight, to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans; I ask for your support." The opposite of the silent majority were a noisy minority, a small group of people, who Nixon said tried to get their way by holding demonstrations in the streets.
The speech on this link does not contain these words. Read it for yourself. It only references the term “Silent Majority” which had been described during his campaign in other speeches.
  I might add that we are a Republic, and a “Silent Majority” is probably the most dangerous threat to the Constitution that we face.
-Sam Molloy

Examples
Examples

Nazi Germany
During WWII many German citizens claimed they had no idea of what was happening with the concentration camps. However many citizens felt opposed but did not stand up and fight them.

Other websites
 The full text and an mp3 of Nixon's speech

References

Politics
The 1960 United States presidential election happened on November 8, 1960. This election was between Senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon. Kennedy won the election like many people expected, but it was a much closer election than most people thought it would be.

Incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower was not allowed to run again due to serving two terms.

This was the first presidential election in American history in which both candidates debated against each other on television. On television, Kennedy appeared calm while Nixon appeared nervous. More television viewers thought that Kennedy won the debate, while more radio listeners thought that Nixon won the debate.

This election was the last to not count District of Columbia as an electoral vote until the 1964 election.

Senator John F. Kennedy announced his candidacy for president on January 2, 1960. Vice President Richard Nixon announced his candidacy on January 9, 1960.
This was the last election where Ohio voted for the losing candidate until 2020.

Candidates

Democratic Party
Democratic candidates
 John F. Kennedy, U.S. senator from Massachusetts.
 Lyndon B. Johnson, U.S. Senate Majority Leader from Texas.
 Stuart Symington, U.S. senator from Missouri.
 Adlai Stevenson, former governor of Illinois.
 Hubert Humphrey, U.S. senator from Minnesota.
 Wayne Morse, U.S. senator from Oregon.
 Pat Brown, Former governor of California.

Candidates gallery

Republican Party
Republican candidates
 Richard Nixon, U.S. vice president from California.
 Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York.
 Barry Goldwater, U.S. senator from Arizona.

Candidates gallery

References

presidential election
United States presidential elections
was the 19th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Ingyō to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Ingyō-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history 
The Kojiki and Nihon Shoki record that Ingyō was the fourth son of Emperor Nintoku. He was the younger brother of Emperor Hanzei.

Ingyō made one of his brothers his heir, but this plan did not unfold as planned.  Instead, his brother's sons would attain the throne.  Ingyō would be followed by his nephews, Emperor Ankō and Emperor Yūryaku.
Events of Ingyō's life
Very little is known about the events of Ingyō's life and reign. Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

The earliest recorded earthquake in Japan was in 416. The Imperial Palace in Kyoto was destroyed.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Ingyō.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun). Ingyō is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) in Fujiidera, which is a city near Osaka.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Kofun period

References

Emperors of Japan
The Alien and Sedition Acts were acts of Congress signed by United States president John Adams in 1798, during a naval (sea) conflict against France.  

There were four acts.  

The first 3 acts were about immigration. They set required time for an immigrant to become a citizen, and allowed the president to send illegal immigrants back to their home country if their home country is at war with the United States or they are considered to be dangerous to the US. The fourth act made it a crime to publish bad things about the government.

The acts were very controversial. Many people did not like them because they felt that they violated the First Amendment. 

The acts made many people dislike John Adams. For that reason, Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party were able to defeat John Adams and the Federalist Party in the elections of 1800. Three of the acts were repealed. The Alien Enemies Act, however, is still United States law.
1790s in the United States
United States federal legislation
John Adams
1798
Pak Hon-yong or Park Heon-young (Hangul: 박헌영, Hanja:朴憲永, 28 May 1900 – 18 December 1955) was a Korean independence activist, politician, thinker, Communist, and leader of the Korean Chosen Communist Party. His other names are 'Kim Seongsam' (김성삼) and "Ijeong", () which is his pen name. He served in North Korea as the Foreign Minister and Vice Prime Minister, August 1948 to 1953.

He was executed by the North Korean regime on the accusation of being an American spy.

Works 
 Modern society and our duty
 historical viewed of Christian inner 

1900 births
1955 deaths
Executed people
Korean activists
Korean feminists
North Korean politicians
People executed by firearm
South Korean politicians
is also known as Japanese chess. It is a two-player board game in the same family as International chess, and Chinese Xiangqi. Shogi is the most popular of a family of chess variants, and is native to Japan. Shōgi means general's (shō) boardgame (gi). In early years, however, shogi was written 象棋 (the same as Xiangqi, "elephant chess").

The earliest predecessors of the game, chaturanga, originated in India in the 6th century AD, and spread from China to Japan, where it spawned a number of variants. Shogi in its present form was played as early as the 16th century, while a direct ancestor without the "drop rule" was recorded from 1210 in a historical document Nichūreki, which is an edited copy of Shōchūreki and Kaichūreki from the late Heian period (~1120).
According to ChessVariants.com, "Perhaps the enduring popularity of Shogi can be attributed to its 'drop rule'; it was the first chess variant wherein captured pieces could be returned to the board to be used as one's own. This has the consequence that few games are drawn, which is a weakness of international chess. David Pritchard credits the drop rule to the practice of 16th century mercenaries (ronin) who switched loyalties when captured—no doubt as an alternative to execution".

 History of chess

Famous players
 Hiroe Nakai, Ichiyo Shimizu, Kana Satomi - One of the strongest women shogi players in Japan

References 

Chess variants
Sport in Japan
The 1964 United States presidential election happened on November 3, 1964. It was between Democrat Lyndon Johnson, President of the United States, and his running mate Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota, against Republican Barry Goldwater, a Senator from Arizona, and his running mate, Congressman William Miller of New York.

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated and Johnson (his vice president) became president of the United States.

Lyndon Johnson campaigned to continue many of Kennedy's policies and ideas such as civil rights. He supported a series of programs called the "Great Society" to improve the quality of living for poor people which included programs like Medicare, Medicaid, and environmental programs.
Barry Goldwater had the opposite belief that the government should be smaller and he was against government programs. During his campaign, actor Ronald Reagan made a famous speech called "A Time For Choosing" in support of Goldwater. Goldwater, during the campaign, was portrayed as an extremist who condoned the actions of the KKK and would cause nuclear war. His beliefs were radical at the time, but they would later influence many libertarian and conservative politicians.

Lyndon Johnson won the election by a landslide, and this was the last presidential election where Democrats carried any of 8 particular states.

Candidates

Democratic Party
Democratic candidates:
Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States from Texas
George Wallace, governor of Alabama
Pat Brown, governor of California

Candidates gallery
Candidates gallery

Republican Party
Republican candidates:
John W. Byrnes, U.S. representative from Wisconsin
Hiram Fong, U.S. senator from Hawaii
Barry Goldwater, U.S. senator from Arizona
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., former U.S. senator and 1960 vice-presidential nominee from Massachusetts
Richard Nixon, former vice president and 1960 presidential nominee
Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor and candidate for the 1960 nomination from New York
Margaret Chase Smith, U.S. senator from Maine
William Scranton, governor of Pennsylvania
Harold E. Stassen, former Minnesota Governor and candidate for the 1944, 1948 and 1952 nominations, running from Pennsylvania

Candidates gallery

Other websites
 1964 Presidential General Election Results

presidential election
United States presidential elections
The 1980 United States presidential election happened on November 4, 1980. Ronald Reagan, the Republican candidate and former Governor of California, won the election. He defeated the incumbent president, Jimmy Carter, who was a Democrat, and John B. Anderson, a notable third party candidate who was an Independent.

The country had a lot of problems during the election. The economy was bad (it was in a recession). Inflation was very high. There was an energy crisis. Iran, after the Iranian Revolution was holding 52 Americans hostage.

Reagan campaigned for to cut income taxes and to reduce government spending overall while increasing defense spending to challenge the Soviet Union in the Cold War. Carter campaigned for more government programs and mentioned the importance of human rights and preventing nuclear war.

Ronald Reagan won the election by a landslide, meaning that he had a lot more votes than his opponent.
Ronald Reagan's victory resulted in the Republicans gaining more power for the next few decades.

Candidates

Democratic Party
Democratic candidates:
Jimmy Carter, President of the United States from Georgia
Ted Kennedy, U.S. senator from Massachusetts
Jerry Brown, governor of California
Cliff Finch, former governor of Mississippi

Candidates gallery

Republican Party
Republican candidates:
 Former Governor Ronald Reagan of California
 Former CIA director and United States Representative George H. W. Bush of Texas
 Representative John B. Anderson of Illinois
 Senate Minority Leader Howard Baker of Tennessee
 Representative Phil Crane of Illinois
 Former Governor John Connally of Texas
 Senator Bob Dole of Kansas
 Former Special Ambassador to Paraguay Ben Fernandez of California
 Former Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota
 Senator Lowell Weicker of Connecticut
 Senator Larry Pressler  of South Dakota

Candidates gallery

Notes

References
Notes

References

1980 in the United States
1980 elections
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
1980
The 1984 United States presidential election happened on November 6, 1984. Ronald Reagan, the incumbent president and Republican candidate, won the election. He defeated Walter Mondale, the Democratic candidate, who was the vice president of Jimmy Carter.

During the debates, Mondale criticized Ronald Reagan's idea (called Strategic Defense Initiative) to build a missile defense system and also criticized him for making the government borrow too much money.

The bad economy of 1982 ended, and the economy recovered very quickly.  During the election, the economy was the greatest it had been in many years.  Ronald Reagan called it "Morning In America".

Ronald Reagan won the election by a huge landslide (winning 49 out of 50 states).

This election received the highest electoral votes towards any presidential nominee in American history. It is the lowest electoral vote for a Democratic nominee and the highest for a Republican to date.

Candidates
Candidates

Republican Party
 Ronald Reagan, President of the United States from California
 Harold Stassen, former governor of Minnesota
 Ben Fernandez, former Special Ambassador to Paraguay from California

Candidates gallery

Democratic Party
Walter Mondale, former U.S. vice president and former U.S. senator from Minnesota
Gary Hart, U.S. senator from Colorado
Jesse Jackson, reverend and civil rights activist from Illinois
John Glenn, U.S. senator from Ohio
George McGovern, former U.S. senator and 1972 Democratic nominee from South Dakota 
Reubin Askew, former Governor of Florida
Joe Biden, U.S. senator from Delaware
Alan Cranston, U.S. senator from California
Ernest Hollings, U.S. senator from South Carolina

Candidates gallery

References

1984 in the United States
1984 elections
Ronald Reagan
1984
The  is a time in the history of Japan from around 250 to about 538.   This grouping of years is named after the type of Imperial burial mounds called kofun which were raised in central Japan.

The Kofun period and the Asuka period are sometimes considered together as the Yamato period.

Timeline
The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era.
 416: The earliest recorded earthquake in Japan destroyed the Imperial Palace in Kyoto.
 593: Prince Shotoku is regent
 607: First ambassadors from Japan are sent to China

References

Other websites

 Metropolitan Museum of Art, Kofun period
 British Museum,  Kofun period 
 Japan-guide.com,  Early Japan

Periods in Japanese history
250s establishments
3rd-century establishments in Asia
538 disestablishments
Disestablishments in Japan
Alexis Jordan (born April 7, 1992) is an American singer and actress. Jordan was born in Columbia, South Carolina, as the last child of a mixed race mother and a Puerto Rican father. Her musical career started when she performed the opening act for American singer Smokey Robinson at a Stevie Wonder tribute concert. In 2006, she auditioned for the first season of America's Got Talent and sang Whitney Houston's "I Have Nothing". She was later eliminated from the show and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, with her family. Jordan uploaded videos of her cover versions on her official YouTube account. She was discovered by Stargate, which flew Jordan to New York to record a few songs. She met American rapper Jay-Z and signed a recording contract with his new record company, StarRoc/Roc Nation.
In September 2010, Jordan released "Happiness", which peaked at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs. It was her first number-one single. "Happiness" was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 210,000 copies. Jordan released her debut album Alexis Jordan a few months later. Around this time, Jordan was appearing in two television series. She was nominated for "Best International Act" and "Best Push Act" and won "International Hit of the Year" for her single "Happiness".

Life and career
Life and career

1995–2008: Early life and career beginnings 
Alexis Jordan was born in Columbia, South Carolina, on April 7, 1992. Jordan was born as the last child, she also has three older siblings. Her mother is of African American, Native American, and European descent, while her father is Puerto Rican. Jordan began writing songs when she was in third grade. When she was eleven years old, her family moved to Santa Clarita, California, so she could have a career in the arts. The following year, Jordan was the opening act for Smokey Robinson at a Stevie Wonder tribute concert.
In 2006, Jordan auditioned for the first season of America's Got Talent. At the auditions, she sang Whitney Houston's "I Have Nothing" as a cover version. Jordan made it to the next round, but was eliminated from the show during the semi-finals. Jordan and her family then moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to be closer to the music industry. Jordan began uploading cover versions on her official YouTube account, and submitted demos to record companies across the nation. By 2008, Jordan's YouTube page had reached a million views. After seeing her uploaded videos, Stargate asked Jordan to record a few songs with them. They flew Jordan to New York. While Jordan was in the recording studio, rapper Jay-Z entered. After they talked, Jordan became the first artist to be signed with Sony Music label StarRoc/Roc Nation, which is owned by Jay-Z.
After Jordan signed a record deal with Jay-Z's record studio, she released her debut single "Happiness" in September 2010. "Happiness" peaked at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart, becoming Jordan's first number-one single. The song also peaked at number one in Norway and the Netherlands. It peaked at number three in Australia and the United Kingdom. The single was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for shipments of 210,000 copies. "Good Girl" was Jordan's second single, released in February 2011. It debuted at number six on the UK Singles Chart, giving Jordan her second top-ten hit in the United Kingdom. "Good Girl" peaked at number 15 in Ireland, and later became her second chart-topper on Billboards Hot Dance Club Songs in April 2011. Jordan released her self-titled debut album Alexis Jordan on February 25, 2011. The album debuted at number nine on the UK Albums Chart, and number 11 on the Australian Albums Charts.
Jordan's third single, "Hush Hush", was released on May 8, 2011. Jordan became a supporting act for English group JLS' tour in the United Kingdom for a month. She also appeared on T4 on the Beach in the United Kingdom, where she performed "Hush Hush" and "Good Girl" from her first album. Jordan recorded a duet with reggae singer Sean Paul for his single "Got 2 Luv U", which peaked at number one in Switzerland and Bulgaria. The editor of Take40 called Jordan one of the current "hottest artists", behind Britney Spears and Avril Lavigne.

Jordan was one of many headliners for the Boston Pride Parade in June 2012. The parade is an annual event held in Boston, Massachusetts for LGBT people. Jordan told the Daily Record that she is working on her second album. She stated that "It is a big departure from what I have done."

Discography 

Alexis Jordan (2011)
TBA (2012)

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
1992 births
Living people
Singers from South Carolina
American television actors
actors from South Carolina
 
People from Columbia, South Carolina
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
American contemporary R&B singers
American pop singers
American pop musicians
American dance musicians
American hip hop musicians
American hip hop singers
Pico de gallo (known in Mexico as Salsa fresca) is a Mexican garnish that is often placed on tacos or tostadas.  It is made with onions, serrano peppers, tomatoes, cilantro and lime juice. There are variations of this garnish such as ones with avocado, nopales (cactus), etc.

Mexican sauces
The word match can have many meanings:
Match, a tool for producing fire
One or more games, played between a number of players, or teams
A marriage, or other relationship, which may be arranged by a matchmaker
A lighter is a tool that can produce a flame, on demand. It is made of a plastic or metal container, which contains a flammable liquid or gas. There is also a means of producing the flame, and extinguishing it, when it is no longer needed.

One of the first lighters was developed by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1823. The lighter was produced until around 1880. The lighter was named Döbereiner's lamp.

There is often an electric cigarette lighter in cars. When the lighter button is pushed in, a metal heating element is connected to the car's 12 volt electricity supply, and it heats up to a high temperature. The lighter is then removed from the socket and the element is used to light the tip of a cigarette. The socket that the lighter goes in can also be used to power mobile phones and other electronics, and the term "cigarette lighter" is now commonly used to refer to this type of connector even when not being used to light a cigarette.

Related pages
 match

References 

Light
Heat
Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actor and singer. She was born in Washington, D.C. and moved to Mill Valley, California at age eight. She acted in the movie Alvin and the Chipmunks 2. She played Pamela in Alice Upside Down in 2007, and Kristen Gregory in the movie version of The Clique. She also guest starred in Disney Channel Original Series' JONAS  and played Juliet Van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place. She plays Teddy Duncan in the Disney Channel Original Series Good Luck Charlie and she also played Olivia White on Lemonade Mouth.

References

Other websites 

1992 births
Living people
Actors from Marin County, California
Actors from Washington, D.C.
American child actors
American child singers
American movie actors
American R&B singers
American pop singers
American television actors
Singers from California
Singers from Washington, D.C.
Shake-table in earthquake engineering is a very effective experimental equipment to verify seismic performance associated with the direct damage to individual buildings or their models under specified ground shaking. The best way to do it is to put a structure on a shake-table that simulates the earth shaking and to watch what may happen next (if you have no time to stand out in the field and wait for a real earthquake to strike). The earliest shake-table experiments were performed more than a century ago

Other websites
Earthquake vibration control videos

Notes

Earthquake engineering
Modeling
Chiniot District () is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is on left bank of the Chenab River on the Sargodha to Faisalabad road. About 1.5 milion people live there. Chiniot is at latitude 31.7200 and longitude 72.9789.

Chiniot is on the bank of River Chenab, and is famous for its furniture industry, and it sells furniture to other places. Its workers are very good at woodwork.

 
Faisalabad Division
"Como La Flor" ("Like The Flower") is a song by American singer Selena. The song was written by Selena's brother, A.B. Quintanilla III. A former Selena y Los Dinos member, Pete Astudillo, co-wrote the song. It was on her third album, Entre A Mi Mundo (1992). The song talks about a sad woman who is hurting because she has lost her boyfriend and she is explaining how it hurts to lose his love but she is saying that his love was like a flower that has dried up and died. As he says goodbye he takes her heart with him she hopes someday some other woman  or his new woman will give him what he is looking for.
The song was released in the United States and Mexico in October 1992. It was the third single off of the album, following "La Carcacha" ("The Jalopy"). It was the lead single in both countries. The single reached number-one on the Mexican Singles Chart and the MonitorLatino charts. This gave Selena her first number-one song as a solo artist. Despite the success, a music video was not produced. "Como La Flor" helped Selena to be accepted into Mexico. She toured there for the first time after the single peaked at number-one. "Como La Flor" also became one of her signature songs.

Various recording artists worldwide have since made their own versions of "Como La Flor", some being non-Hispanic. The song was nominated for several awards at the Tejano Music Awards and the Premio Lo Nuestro awards. It has been certified Diamond in Mexico and Gold in Argentina. It remains one of Selena's most popular songs.
Production and background 
"Como La Flor" was recorded in Q-Productions in Corpus Christi, Texas. Selena's brother, A.B. Quintanilla III had written the song during Selena's Ven Conmigo Tour (1990-92). Pete Astudillo, a former back-up dancer for Selena y Los Dinos, had helped writing the song. A family friend, Brian "Red" Moore, remixed the song after it was recorded.

Quintanilla had wanted to write a song about a sad woman whose ex-boyfriend is in love with another women and wants him back. The message of the song was to show people that you should love your partner if they truly love you back. The song compares love to a flower, which needs love and care.
Release 
"Como La Flor" was released in the United States and Mexico as the lead single for the album Entre A Mi Mundo (1992) on October 4, 1992. It was the second single to be released from Entre A Mi Mundo (1992). "Como La Flor" was positioned at number ten on the Mexican Singles Chart, when it was released. It was also at number ten on the US Latin Regional Mexican Airplay chart. The song peaked at number-one on the Mexican Singles Chart on November 22. It knocked off Luis Miguel's song "Inólvidable" from the number-one spot. The song remained at number-one for eight weeks, breaking Tejano artist Emilio Navaira's record. The song also peaked at number-one on MonitorLatinos Top 20 Latin Hits the following year.
"Como La Flor" peaked at number nine on the Latin Regional Mexican Airplay chart on April 15, 1995. It also peaked at number four on the Latin Songs Airplay chart on December 27. The remix version found on Dreaming of You (1995), peaked at number seventeen on the Italian Singles Chart. The song peaked at number eleven on the Spanish Singles Chart. In Mexico, the single was certified Diamond for selling over 80,000 copies in 1994. In 2005, the single was certified Diamond in digital sales. In Argentina, the single was certified Gold for selling over 50,000 copies. In 2005, the single was certified Gold in digital sales.

"Como La Flor" was nominated for "Song of the Year" and "Single of the Year" at the 1993 Tejano Music Awards. The song was also nominated for "Pop Ballad of the Year" at the 1994 Premio Lo Nuestro awards. The single was also nominated for the same two categories at the following Tejano Music Awards. Quintanilla, was nominated for "Songwriter of the Year" at the 1994 Tejano Music Awards.
Critical reception 
Raúl Manuel Rodríguez of El Dictamen said that "Selena displayed an instinctive voice on catchy melodies". He also said that "Como La Flor" helped build awareness for Selena and her band. He also stated that the song "best fits with Mexico" because of its Tejano sounds. Victoria Díaz of Grupo Reforma, believed that the song was one of the biggest hits in Tejano history. She also said that "Como La Flor" helped younger people to like Tejano music, which was never done before. She finished her rating with a 5 out of 5 score. Carmen Lopez of Novedades de México, stated that "Como La Flor" showcases Selena's "exotic voice". Lopez also stated that the song was given positive responses from fans when it was released. She ended her review with "[...] a song that will never die".
Antonio Morales of Gringo Gazette, liked the song's message and meaning. Morales also reported that "Como La Flor" is a "dance-cumbia song that is contagious when you hear it". Castro Fernando, of ¡Alarma! wrote that the song surpassed expectations when it was released onto radio stations. Esmeralda Rivera of Nuestro Diario, praised the songs rhythms. Daniel Rodriguez of Grupo Reforma, believed Jennifer Lopez's performance was "incredible" while also stating that in the movie "[...] she captures Selena's every dance move precisely". Ramiro Burr of San Antonio Express-News stated that "songs such as "Baila Esta Cumbia," "La Carcacha," "Como La Flor" and "Amor Prohibido" had that instant appeal (liking), that memorable melodic hook that had everyone dancing". Cathy Ragland of Austin American Statesman, stated that "Como La Flor" was one of Selena's popular songs.

Promotion

Entre A Mi Mundo Tour
Selena always had performed "Como La Flor" first in her concerts. The song became Selena's opening song for two years. At the Amor Prohibido Tour (1994-95), "Como La Flor" was performed as the last song. The song was always performed in every venue. Selena performed the song on the Veronica Castro Show in September 1993. She had wore a black-stylish pants with golden chains she had designed. She also wore her signature bras. On October 3, 1993, Selena had performed "Como La Flor" to a crowd of 40,000 in her hometown. The following day, she performed the song during the Lo Nuestros Awards ceremony in Miami, Florida. On the following three days, Selena performed the song in a Austin, Texas concert. She performed to a crowd of 100,000.
The next day, she performed the song in San Antonio, Texas to a crowd of 78,000. Selena also performed the song at the 1993 Tejano Music Awards. The following week, Selena performed the song at the Houston Astrodome to a record-breaking audience. The next day, she performed the song at the Furia Musical Show. Selena performed "Como La Flor" once more in her hometown in December 1992. The following two days, she had performed the song for a free concert she had organized. The free concert was held in Corpus Christi. The free concert was for an upcoming live album that was to be released in 1993. The concert Selena had performed, was another record-breaking audience.
Selena performed "Como La Flor" in Houston, Texas on January 12, 1994 to a crowd of over 100,000. The following two days, she performed the song in Denver, Colorado to a crowd of over 87,000. The following week, she had performed the song in Los Angeles, California to over 60,000 fans. The following day, she had performed the song in North Hollywood, California. From February 21-27, 1994, Selena performed the song at a Monterrey, Mexico tour, each averaging from 100,000-200,000 fans. On March 10, 1994, she had performed the song at the Houston Astrodome to another record-breaking audience. The concert out performed  country stars such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire.
In March she was the lead act at Miami's Calle Ocho Festival, which attracted over 100,000 fans. In June 1994, she performed the song at the 1994 Festival Acapulco in Mexico to a record-breaking 300,000 audience. The song was performed at Selena's most famous concert at the Houston Astrodome on February 26, 1995, which broke the record audience record once more. Selena performed the song seven more times before she was killed.

Music video 
A music video was not produced. However, a music video was done for "La Carcacha". After the Selena movie was released, a promotional video of "Como La Flor" was released. The video had Jennifer Lopez, who was portraying "Selena" in the movie, singing to a crowd. The concert was one of Selena's record-breaking audience of 300,000 fans in Mexico. The promotional video used a softer (slower) version of "Como La Flor". The video was shown on Spanish-language television channels for two years.

Track listing 

US Promo Single (1992)
 "Como La Flor" - 3:49

US Single (1993)
US Single (1993)

 "Como La Flor" - 3:49
 "La Carcacha" - 3:36
 "Como La Flor (Radio Edit)" - 3:22

Mexico Single (1992)

 "Como La Flor" - 3:49
 "Como La Flor (Radio Edit)" - 3:22

Mexico Promo Single (1993)

 "Como La Flor" - 3:49

Charts

Certifications

Awards and nominations

Covers 
American Idol runner-up singer David Archuleta had covered the song during his tour. He also covered the song at the 2010 Tejano Music Awards. Phuong Thanh, recorded the song in Vietnamese. Kelly Hensen, recorded the song in Dutch. Baby Karen, covered the song in raggaeton. At the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert, the song was performed at the grand finale. It had all the singers (who had done a cover that night) coming together and singing along with Selena. Also, a 55-member children's choir sang along to the song as well.

Notes

References

Other websites 
Official Website 

1992 songs
Selena songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
As spyware has turned into a worse threat, a number of ways to get rid of spyware have been used to remove it. These include programs designed to remove or to block spyware, as well as various user practices which reduce the chance of getting spyware on a system.
Nonetheless, spyware remains a costly problem. When a large number of pieces of spyware have infected a Windows computer, the only way to get rid of them may involve backing up user data, and fully reinstalling the operating system. For instance, some versions of Vundo cannot be completely removed by Microsoft, PC Tools, Symantec and others because it infects Internet Explorer, and Windows' lsass.exe (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service) with a randomly-filenamed dynamic link library (or dll). These can be very helpful.

Spyware

en:Spyware#Remedies and prevention
Thul  is an administrative subdivision of Jacobabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The subdivision is administratively divided into 19 Union Councils, two of which form the capital, Thul.

References 

Tehsils of Sindh
Jacobabad District
is a city in Kanagawa, Japan. It is about  south of Tokyo.  It was the functioning capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1203-1333).

In 1250, Kamakura was the 4th largest city in the world with 200,000 people.  The other two large cities in Japan at this time were Kyoto and Nara.

Kamakura was made a municipality on November 3, 1939.  

Today, Kamakura is famous as an upper-class area for people to live. This is because of the history and because it is close to the mountains and the sea.

History
 1192 (Kenkyū 3, 12th day of the 7th month): Kamakura Shogunate founded by Minamoto no Yoritomo

 1252 (Kenchō 4): Large bronze statue of Buddha is completed.

 1293 (Einin 1, 4th month): A severe earthquake; fatalities in Kamakura were estimated to be 10,000 people.

 1923 (Taishō 12): Sagami Bay was the center of the Great Kantō earthquake. The disaster caused widespread damage in the region.  Fatalities in Kamakura were more than 2,000 victims.
Tourism
Kamakura has many Buddhist temples.  The huge outdoor bronze statue of Buddha at Kamakura is world famous. 

The city has many Shinto shrines, including 
 Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū Shinto shrine

Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine is one of the three major Hachimangu located in Kamakura. It is the most popular spot in Kamakura, especially, Yabusame in September is very famous. Tsurugaoka Hachimangu was built in 1063 and became the capital and center of Kamakura Government established by Minamoto no Yoritomo. Turugaoka Hachiman-gu has many beautiful maple and ginkgo trees. In autumn, the vew at this shrine is nice. In June, hydrangeas grow. Many temples have beautiful gardens of hydrangeas. The Hase temple is the most well-known of these temples.

Sister cities
Kamakura has international sister cities. 
 Nice in France
 Dunhuang in the People's Republic of China

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Rudyard Kipling poem, "The Buddha at Kamakura", 1892
 Official web site 
 Kamakura's Daibutsu 
 Kamakura's History - Chronological table 
 
 

Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture
1192 establishments
1190s establishments in Japan
Concepción is the second city in importance of the Republic of Chile with 889,725 inhabitants (2002 census).

History

Concepción was founded by Pedro de Valdivia in 1550 north of the Bío-Bío River, at the site which is today known as Penco. At that time it was given the name Concepción del Nuevo Extremo. The new settlement of Concepción was just a few kilometers north of La Frontera (The Frontier), the boundary between Spanish territory and the land of the Mapuche, an American Indian ethnic group that remained independent until the 1870s.  The settlement was formally recognized by the Spanish authorities as a town two years later by a royal decree. It was given a coat-of-arms that is still in use today.

Earthquakes and tsunamis, which razed the town in 1570, 1657, 1687, 1730 and 1751, led the authorities to move the town to its current site in the Valle de la Mocha, alongside the Bío-Bío River.
27 February 2010 Earthquake
On February 27, 2010, an 8.8 magnitude earthquake struck the city of Concepción, killing more than 700 people and injuring thousands nationwide. Following the earthquake, geologists relying on global positioning satellite (GPS) data concluded that the city had been displaced roughly 3 meters (10 feet) to the west as a result of the event.  Fortunately, the city avoided the tsunami that followed the earthquake.

Climate
The climate of Concepción is classified as Köppen climate classification csb, with a dry summer nadir in February. It has an oceanic influence which keeps temperatures mild throughout the year. Wet snows are possible in winter, but snow does not remain for long.
The chart at right provides a climate summary for Concepción.
Cultural life
To an outsider, there may be confusion between the demonyms of the inhabitants of Concepción and the nearby city of Penco. Due to the previous location of Concepción being where Penco currently stands, inhabitants of Concepción are called penquistas while inhabitants of Penco are known as pencones.

Concepción is one of the most active cities in Chilean rock music and many famous rock groups in Chile started up in Concepción.
cepción has the second largest concentration of universities in Chile, and is home to three major universities. Concepción currently has four traditional universities:
 Universidad de Concepción
 Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
 Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
 Universidad del Bío-Bío.

Gallery

Twin towns 
  La Plata, Argentina
  Monterrey, Mexico
  Auckland, New Zealand
  Bethlehem, Palestine
  Guayaquil, Ecuador
  Cuenca, Ecuador
  Cascavel, Brazil
  Minnesota, USA