Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Étigny is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Étivey is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Évry is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the centre of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
La Ferté-Loupière is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Festigny is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Flacy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fleury-la-Vallée is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References

Communes in Yonne
Fleys is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Flogny-la-Chapelle is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Foissy-lès-Vézelay is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Foissy-sur-Vanne is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fontaine-la-Gaillarde is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fontaines is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fontenailles is a former commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Les Hauts de Forterre.

References
INSEE

Former communes in Yonne
Fontenay-près-Chablis is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fontenay-près-Vézelay is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fontenay-sous-Fouronnes is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fontenouilles is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Orée-de-Puisaye.

References
INSEE

Former communes in Yonne
Fontenoy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fouchères is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fournaudin is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fouronnes is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fresnes is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Fulvy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Pimelles is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Piffonds is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Pierre-Perthuis is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Perrigny-sur-Armançon is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Pontigny is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Pont-sur-Vanne is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Pont-sur-Yonne is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
La Postolle is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Pourrain is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Précy-le-Sec is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Vincelles is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Villy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Villon is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References 

Communes in Yonne
Villiers-Vineux is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Germigny is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Gigny is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References

INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Girolles is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Gisy-les-Nobles is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Givry is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Villiers-sur-Tholon is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Montholon.

References

Former communes in Yonne
Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple () is a famous Hindu temple in Bangladesh, dedicated to the goddess Kali.

Hindu temples
Shri Shail () is a Hindu temple in Bangladesh. It is dedicated to Shakti. It is in Joinpur village, Dakshin Surma, near Gotatikar, 3 km north-east of Sylhet town.

Hindu temples
Sylhet Division
Sugandha Shaktipeeth (), is a Hindu temple of the Goddess Sunanda, in Bangladesh. It is in the village of Shikarpur, 10 miles north of Barisal.

References

Hindu temples
Karen is a female given name, and a Danish short version of Katherine. The pronunciation of the name is [ kuh-ren ]. The name Karen is of Danish origin, and it means "pure" or "chaste." It ranked in the top 10 during 1950s and 1960s, peaking at the #3 in 1965. There are multiple celebrities with the name. In addition, the name is currently being used for Atlantic tropical cyclones.
'Karren' is also a surname. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021). Karen has also became a derogatory term for middle-aged white women.

People And Fictional Characters
Karen Pence , American educator and Second Lady of the United States
 Karen (slang) , a common given name used as pejorative American slang term referring to an annoying white entitled woman
 Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer (1950–1983)
 Billy Karren, musician
 Karren Brady, business leader
 Karen (The Walking Dead), a female character in the TV series The Walking Dead
 Karen Plankton, a female computer character in SpongeBob SquarePants
 Karen The Raven, a character in Playtime Superstars
 Karen Akers, American singer
 Karen Gillan, Scottish actress and filmmaker

References 

Given names
Pattan () is a unit and a subdistrict of Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
Ganderbal () is unit and a sub-district of Ganderbal District, Jammu and Kashmir State of India. It used to be part of Srinagar District.

Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
Kangan () is town and a sub-district of Ganderbal District, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It used to be part of Srinagar District.

Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
An electoral college is a group of people who are chosen to elect a candidate to a particular office (job). The electors usually have one vote each. Often each elector represents a particular organization or entity. Many times, though, the electors are simply important people whose wisdom would ideally make a better choice than a larger group of people. The electoral college can ignore the wishes of a general membership.

A similar concept existed in the former Holy Roman Empire, in which the Holy Roman Emperor was elected by the rulers of various provinces of the Empire, or their representatives. These rulers were referred to as Electors. For instance, King George III of Great Britain was also Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg ("Hanover") and later became King of Hanover, though he never visited Hanover.

Related pages 
 U.S. Electoral College

Elections
Katherine is a female name that is very popular in multiple countries, and especially so in Christian countries. It is of Greek origin and means "pure" or "clear." The pronunciation of the name is [ kath-er-in, kath-rin ]. The name and its related variants have ranked on the 100 most popular girls names in the United States since around 1880. There are many celebrities with the name itself and its variants. Its variants Kate, Katrina and Karen have been used on Atlantic tropical cyclones. This name was ranked #158 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People 

 Katherine Johnson , African-American mathematician
 Katherine Dunham , American dancer, choreographer, songwriter, actress and activist
 Katharine Hepburn, American actress (1907–2003)
 Katherine Maher, former chief executive officer and executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation
 Katherine Milhous, American Quaker artist and writer
 Katharine McPhee, American recording artist; singer and songwriter

References

Given names
Rangamati () is a district in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

Districts in Chittagong Division
Chittagong Hill Tracts
Khagrachari () is a district in southeastern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. it has many tourist area, Such as sajek velly, Richang Jhorna, Alu Tila etc.

Districts in Chittagong Division
Chittagong Hill Tracts
Cox's Bazar () is a district in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh.

Districts in Chittagong Division
The name Hugo [ hyoo-goh ] is a male given name of Germanic origin Hugo, which means "bright in mind and spirit". Hugo is a moniker with a lengthy existence, boasting a complex background and significance. Its roots can be traced back to the Germanic language, where it translates to "mind" or "intellect." The term itself originates from the Old High German word "hug," signifying "thought" or "mind." The name Hugo has seen usage in various societies and tongues, earning a widespread appeal throughout the course of history. The English spelling for Hugo is Hugh. The name can also be used for surnames. The popularity of Hugo is very high in Europe. A devastating hurricane with the name struck the Caribbean Islands and South Carolina in September 1989.

People 

 Hugo Lloris, French association football player
 Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela, 1999–2002 and 2002–2013

References

Given names
Gazipur () is a district of central Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division.

Districts in Dhaka Division
Manikganj () is a district in central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Dhaka Division.

Districts in Dhaka Division
Narsingdi (, ) is a district in central Bangladesh. It is 50 km north-east of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division.

Districts in Dhaka Division
Munshiganj () is a district in central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Dhaka Division.

Districts in Dhaka Division
The Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica (GNAA), or National Gallery of Ancient Art, is an art gallery in Rome, Italy, located on two sites: the Palazzo Barberini and the Palazzo Corsini. The Palazzo Barberini was designed for Pope Urban VIII, a member of the Barberini family, by Italian architect Carlo Maderno (1556–1629) on the old location of Villa Sforza. Its central salon ceiling was decorated by Pietro da Cortona with the visual panegyric of the Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power to glorify the papal Barberini family. The Palazzo Corsini, formerly known as Palazzo Riario, is a 15th century palace that was rebuilt in the 18th century by architect Ferdinando Fuga for Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini.  For a partial list of artworks, see Palazzo Corsini entry.

The gallery's collection includes works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Caravaggio, Giovanni Baglione, Hans Holbein, Perugino, Nicolas Poussin, Giulio Romano, Raphael, Carlo Saraceni Tiepolo, Tintoretto and Tiziano.

References
References

Other websites
 Gallerie Nazionali d'Arte Antica official sites
 Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei , hosted in the Palazzo Corsini

Art museums in Italy
National museums
The Guilford Native American Association is a Native American community association in Guilford County, North Carolina. It is a North Carolina State-recognized American Indian Organization, 
and is a United Way referral agency.

Started in September 1975 by local parents as a non-profit education advocacy group, the association has grown to include child care, employment, and age-based community programs. It is the oldest American Indian urban association in North Carolina and one of the oldest organizations of its kind in the United States.

Its stated main goal is to "assist Indian people in achieving social and economic self-sufficiency". It serves over 5,000 Native Americans in Guilford and the surrounding counties. One of its major events since 1976 is an annual pow-wow and cultural festival.The association also operates the Guilford Native American Art Gallery in Greensboro, North Carolina.

References

Other websites
 GNAA website
1975 establishments in the United States
Organizations based in North Carolina
20th-century establishments in North Carolina
Prudery is being very modest, especially about sex. A person with such an attitude is a prude. Synonyms and hyponyms for this term include celibacist, anti-sexualist, erotophobe, anti-sexualist and genophobe.

Emotions
Adaptive replacement cache (often abbreviates ARC) is a page replacement algorithm which was developed by IBM. It has a better performance than the frequently used LRU cache algorithm.

Algorithms
The Golden Triangle is an unofficial name for a set of leading universities in the southern English cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London.

The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge ('Oxbridge') form two corners of the triangle. The third is London: Imperial College, University College London, King's College London and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). The last three are independent colleges of the University of London.  The universities within the triangle (with the exception of the LSE) attract the highest research incomes of all British universities.

However, it has been argued that it should be replaced by a term like "Brilliant Diamond", to include the University of Manchester. The figures below suggest that both the universities of Manchester and Edinburgh belong in the same class. That might better reflect the geographical spectrum of the UK higher education.
Oxford, Cambridge and some of the London institutions collaborate in research. The Global Medical Excellence Cluster (GMEC) for biomedical research was formed by Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College, University College London, King's College London and Queen Mary University of London.

Rankings

World

Domestic

Research income

Note:

a Excludes the School of Pharmacy, which merged with UCL in January 2012; the School of Pharmacy had a research income of £8,130,000 in the period.

bThe LSE has a much lower research income, perhaps explained by its concentration on social science research.

References

Colleges and universities in the United Kingdom
The name Anna [ah-nuh] is a female given name with multiple variants. In Hebrew, it means "favor" or "grace". The variant Anne was originally French, although it has been in use in English for hundreds of years. The variant spelling Ann was originally English. There are countless famous people, queens and saints under this name and its variants(The year when the name Anna was most popular is 1904. In that year, the number of births is 5330, which represents 1.823 percent of total female births in 1904). This name was ranked #84 on the US Popular Female Names in 2021. 

The Spanish variant Ana has been used for Atlantic tropical cyclones. There are also many composite variants of Anna, including Annabelle (which is French) and Annabella (which is Italian).
People named Anna
 Anna Soliman swan Daraw Egypt born 2006
 Saint Anne, known by tradition as the mother of the Virgin Mary
 Anna of Russia (1693–1740), Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740
 Anna Politkovskaya(1958-2006),a Russian journalist
 Anna Bergendahl(born 1991),singer and former Idol 2008 contestant
 Anna Nicole Smith, American model, actress, and television personality (1967–2007)

Places
 Anna, Estonia, a village in Paide Parish, Järva County, Estonia
 Anna Regina, the capital of the Pomeroon-Supenaam Region of Guyana
 Anna, Latvia, a village in the Alūksne District, Latvia
 Anna Valley, a village in Hampshire, United Kingdom
 Anna, Kentucky, United States
 Anna, Illinois, United States
 Anna, Ohio, United States
 Anna, Texas, United States
 Lake Anna, a freshwater lake in central Virginia, United States

Rivers
 Anna River in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
 North Anna River in Virginia, tributary of the Pamunkey River
 South Anna River in Virginia, tributary of the Pamunkey River

References
The Sovereign's Orb is a piece of coronation regalia. It was created for the coronation of Charles II in 1661 from the royal goldsmith Robert Viner. It is made of gold, sapphires, rubies, emeralds, amethyst, diamonds, pearls, and enamel. It has been used at all coronations and events after the one of Charles II. 

In 1671, it was damaged in Colonel Thomas Blood's attempt to steal the regalia. The Orb shows Christian sovereignty over the earth. It was set with 12 large diamonds, 30 rubies, sapphires, and emeralds for the coronation of George I in 1714. 

During the coronation ceremony, the Archbishop of Canterbury places the orb in the right hand of the Monarch. It is put back on the altar. The Monarch leaves the coronation wearing the Crown, carrying the Scepter, and holding the Orb.
William and Mary came to the throne in 1689 as King and Queen, each in their own right. An orb was made for Mary II. It is called Queen Mary's Orb. It was used once and never used again. Both orbs were placed on Queen Victoria's coffin at her funeral.

The orbs are hollow balls of gold. The Sovereign's Orb is 6.5" in diameter. It weighs 42oz 7dwt. Queen Mary's orb is smaller: it measures 5.75" in diameter. It weighs 34oz 6dwt. Queen Mary's orb was originally set with hired jewels. Today it is set with imitations for display purposes. The Sovereign's Orb is currently set with over 600 precious stones and pearls.

References

Other websites 
Photograph of the Sovereign's Orb
 Official website of the British Monarchy
 Sovereign's Orb

Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
Symbols
Haiku (initially OpenBeOS) is an open source operating system in development aimed at personal desktop computing and inspired by Be Inc.'s BeOS. It is designed to be fast and easy to use. Haiku is written in C++ and uses a kernel based on the NewOS kernel. Haiku is licensed under the MIT License.

Haiku uses the Be File System (BFS). Features of this filesystem include a 64-bit address space, journaling, and extensible attributes. Haiku's version of the BFS is optimized for speed and performance.

Michael Phipps started the Haiku project in 2001 as Palm, Inc. was purchasing Be, Inc.. In 2003, Phipps founded the non-profit Haiku, Inc. in order to support Haiku and its development.

References

Other websites
haiku-os.org
newos.org

Operating systems
The name Lucy [ loo-see ] is a French and English female given name. It is feminine for the male name Lucius (which means "as of light"). There are several celebrities with this name. Fictional characters having the name include Lucy McClane from Die Hard.
Lucy is a beautiful, happy, cheerful name. This name was ranked #47 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People And Fictional Characters 

 Lucy Lawless, New Zealand actress and singer
 Lucy Pinder, English glamour model
 Lucy Webb Hayes, First Lady of the United States
 Lucy Elektra, a cheerful and happy-go-lucky cyberadult in the Disney Channel animated series CyberAdult Girls
 Lucy, a character in 64 Zoo Lane

References

Given names
Henrietta is a female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ hen-ree-et-uh ]. It comes from the male given name Henry which means "ruler of the household" or "estate ruler." Henrietta is the English form of the French name Henriette. The short version of this name is Harriet. In some English-speaking areas, Henrietta is not used as much as it used to be. Harriet, however, is popular for certain countries. Both Henrietta and Harriet were most popular in the 1960s in United States. Henrietta itself ranked 446th in popularity in the 1990 census. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

People 

 Henrietta Boggs , American author
 Henrietta Swan Levitt , American astronomer and human calculator

 Henrietta Maria of France, queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I
 Henriette Gardelle, French swimmer (1905-1928)

References

Given names
Sebastian Lewis Shaw (May 29, 1905 – December 23, 1994) was an English actor, director, novelist, playwright and poet. Shaw is known for his role in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, The Spy in Black, It Happened Here, Men Are Not Gods, and in A Midsummer Night's Dream. 

Shaw was born on May 29, 1905 in Holt, Norfolk, England. He was raised in Holt. Shaw stuided at Slade School and at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Arts. He was married to Margaret Delamere from 1929 until they divorced in 1956. They had daughter, Drusilla. Shaw died on December 23, 1994 in Brighton, East Sussex, England from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 
 

1905 births
1994 deaths
English movie actors
English radio actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Writers from Norfolk
Ian William Richardson (7 April 1934 – 9 February 2007) was a Scottish actor who was well known for his role as Francis Urquhart in House of Cards. He won a Drama Desk Award in 1976.

Richardson was born on 7 April 1934 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was raised in Balgreen, Edinburgh. Richardson studied at Balgreen Primary School, at Tynecastle High School, at the George Heriot's School, and at the College of Dramatic Arts. He was married to Maroussia Frank from 1961 until his death in 2007. They had a son, Miles. Richardson died on 9 February 2007 in London, England from a heart attack, aged 72.

References

Other website

 Interview with Ian Richardson at the Theatre Archive Project
  Ian Richardson's performances in the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol
 The Guardian – Actor Ian Richardson dies
 The Guardian – obituary
 BBC – Obituary: Ian Richardson
 Ian Richardson Tribute
1934 births
2007 deaths
Actors from Edinburgh
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Drama Desk Award winners
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children (1779) is an oil on canvas portrait by Joshua Reynolds. It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. The sitters in the picture are Lady Elizabeth Delmé and her children John and Isabella Elizabeth. They sat for their portraits in April and June 1777. Reynolds was paid three hundred pounds for the work in 1780, and touched up and re-varnished the picture in 1789.

Reynolds believed in the what was called the "Grand Manner". The two years involved in completing the portrait would have aged the children. "But Reynolds worked from abstract principles of design rather than observation of nature," the National Gallery of Art writes, "One of his conceptions for Grand Manner likenesses was: Each person should have the expression which men of his rank generally exhibit. Reynolds therefore suppressed psychological individuality to gain a grandeur appropriate for these aristocrats."
Reynolds alluded to the Madonnas of Raphael (such as the Madonna of the Goldfinch) in the triangular configuration of the sitters.  This was another attempt to evoke the Grand Manner. Rembrandt and Titian are hinted at in the browns of the background.  

Cynthia Saltzman writes in Old Masters, New Worlds (2009) that "Lady Delmé has a long, elegant face, heavy-lidded eyes, and towering powdered hair. She wears a white dress and a cloak that covers her knees in a cascade of rose-colored satin that speaks both to her beauty and to the luxury at her command." Saltzman writes that Lady Delmé is one of the finest representatives of Reynolds's intent to raise portraiture to the level of history painting. English portraiture of the period "flattered the sitter", Saltzman explains, by depicting the sitter as a member of a powerful ruling class whose very existence made the world a better place.
References 
 NGA: Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children 
 British Paintings of the Sixteenth through Nineteenth Centuries. Oxford University Press. pp. 213–215
 Saltzman, Cynthia. 2009. Old Masters, New Worlds: America's Raid on Europe's Great Pictures. Viking. Unpaged.

1770s paintings
Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Paintings by Joshua Reynolds
1779
Cookie is a 1989 comedy movie released on August 23, 1989 by Warner Brothers.

Cast
 Peter Falk - Dominick "Dino" Capisco
 Dianne Wiest Lenore Voltecki
 Emily Lloyd - Carmela "Cookie" Voltecki
 Michael V. Gazzo - Carmine
 Brenda Vaccaro - Bunny Capisco
 Adrian Pasdar - Vito
 Lionel Stander - Enzo Della Testa
 Jerry Lewis - Arnold Ross
 Bob Gunton - Richie Segretto
 Joe Mantello - Dominick
 Ricki Lake - Pia
 Joy Behar - Dottie

Other websites
 
 

1989 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in New Jersey
Movies directed by Susan Seidelman‏‎
Mrs. Winterbourne is a 1996 romantic comedy and drama starring Shirley MacLaine, Ricki Lake, and Brendan Fraser.  It is kindly based on Cornell Woolrich's book I Married a Dead Man, which has already been filmed in Hollywood as No Man of Her Own (1950) starring Barbara Stanwyck, and in Hindi as Kati Patang (1970). The movie was filmed on location in and around Toronto, Ontario including Eaton Hall in King City, Ontario.

Cast
 Shirley MacLaine as Grace Winterbourne 
 Ricki Lake as Connie Doyle/"Patricia Winterbourne" 
 Brendan Fraser as Bill / Hugh Winterbourne 
 Miguel Sandoval as Paco
 Loren Dean as Steve DeCunzo
 Peter Gerety as Father Brian Kilraine
 Jane Krakowski as Christine
 Debra Monk as Lieutenant Ambrose
 Cathryn de Prume as Renee
 Susan Haskell as Patricia Winterbourne
 Bobcat Goldthwait (uncredited) as TV comedian
 Paula Prentiss (uncredited) as Maternity nurse

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1996 movies
American movies
At a coronation, the Archbishop of Canterbury takes the crown from the altar and places it reverently upon the Monarch's head. "God save the King/Queen" is heard. The princes and princesses, the peers and peeresses put on their coronets and caps. The trumpets sound and a royal salute is fired at the Tower of London. After the crowning, the Monarch is enthroned and receives the homage of the clergy, princes, and peers.

References

Other websites  
 Official website of the British Monarchy
 St Edward's Crown

Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
Symbols
The movie is a parody of teen musicals (particularly Grease) and centers on a group of delinquents that refer to themselves as "drapes" and their interaction with the rest of the town and its other subculture, the "squares", in 1954 Baltimore, Maryland. "Cry-Baby" Walker, a drape, and Allison, a square, create upheaval and turmoil in their little town of Baltimore by breaking the subculture taboos and falling in love. The film shows what the young couple have to overcome to be together and how their actions affect the rest of the town.

Part of the movie takes place at the now-closed Enchanted Forest amusement park in Ellicott City, Maryland. Others take place in the historic towns of Reisterstown, Jessup, Milford Mill and Sykesville, Maryland.
Plot
In 1954 Baltimore, Wade "Cry-Baby" Walker is the leader of a gang of "Drapes", which includes his teenage mom sister Pepper, facially disfigured Mona "Hatchet Face" Malnorowski, wild and free-spirited Wanda Woodward, and Milton Hackett, the nervous son of overzealous religious activists. His ability to shed a single tear drives all the girls wild. One day after school, he is approached by Allison Vernon-Williams, a pretty girl tired of being a "square", and the two fall in love. That same day, Cry-Baby approaches the "square" part of town to a talent show ("Sh-Boom", "A Teenage Prayer") at the recreation center where Allison's grandmother hosts events, and introduces himself to her, who is skeptical of his motives. Cry-Baby invites Allison to a party at Turkey Point, a local hangout spot for the drapes.
Despite her grandmother's skepticism, Allison accompanies Cry-Baby to Turkey Point and sings with the drapes ("King Cry-Baby"). As Cry-Baby and Allison tell each other about their orphan lives (Cry-Baby's father was sent to the electric chair after being the "Alphabet Bomber" - a killer who bombed places in alphabetical order airport, barber shop etc.; Allison's parents always took separate flights to avoid orphaning her if they crashed, but one day both their planes went down), Allison's jealous square boyfriend, Baldwin, starts a riot. Cry-Baby is blamed for the fight and sent to a penitentiary, outraging all his friends and even Allison's grandmother, who is impressed by Cry-Baby's posture, manners, and musical talent.
As Lenora Frigid, a girl with a crush on Cry-Baby but constantly rejected by him, claims to be pregnant with his child, Allison feels betrayed and returns to Baldwin and the squares, though her grandmother advises her against rushing into a decision. Meanwhile, in the penitentiary, Cry-Baby gets a teardrop tattoo. He tells the tattoo artist, fellow drape Dupree (Robert Tyree): "I've been hurt all my life, but real tears wash away. This one's for Allison, and I want it to last forever!".

Eventually, Allison is persuaded by the newly established alliance between the Drapes and her grandmother to stand by Cry-Baby and join the campaign for his release ("Please, Mr. Jailer"). Cry-Baby is released but immediately insulted by Baldwin who, after revealing that his grandfather is the one who electrocuted Cry-Baby's father, challenges him to a chicken race. Cry-Baby wins, as Baldwin chickens out, and is reunited with Allison.
Cast
 Johnny Depp as Wade "Cry-Baby" Walker
 James Intveld as Cry-Baby's singing voice
 Amy Locane as Allison Vernon-Williams
 Rachel Sweet as Allison's singing voice
 Polly Bergen as Mrs. Vernon-Williams
 Susan Tyrrell as Ramona Rickettes
 Iggy Pop as Belvedere Rickettes
 Ricki Lake as Pepper Walker
 Traci Lords as Wanda Woodward
 Kim McGuire as Mona Malnorowski/Hatchet-Face
 Darren E. Burrows as Milton Hackett
 Kim Webb as Lenora Frigid
 Stephen Mailer as Baldwin
 Jonathan Benya and Jessica Raskin as Snare-Drum and Susie Q, Pepper's son and daughter
 Troy Donahue and Mink Stole as Mr. and Mrs. Malnorowski, Hatchet-Face's parents, who sell cigarettes to high school students
 Joe Dallesandro and Joey Heatherton as Mr. and Mrs. Hackett, Milton's overzealous, religious parents
 Robert Marbury as Pepper's angelic boyfriend
 David Nelson and Patricia Hearst as Mr. and Mrs. Woodward, Wanda's happy-go-lucky parents who remain completely oblivious to their daughter's activities
Robert Tyree as Dupree, a faithful Drape who joins Cry-Baby in the slammer
 Robert Walsh as Judge, the judge who sentences Cry-Baby to the reformatory; he has a crush on Mrs. Vernon-Williams
 Willem Dafoe as Hateful guard
References

Other websites

 
 
 Cry-Baby at Allrovi
 
 

1990s musical movies
1990 romantic comedy movies
1990s teen comedy movies
1990s teen romance movies
American musical comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen romance movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in Baltimore
Movies set in the 1950s
Universal Pictures movies
Methuselah was the son of Enoch and the father of Lamech in Genesis chapter 5. He is stated as having lived to the age of 969 (verse 27) and so his name in English is proverbial for great age.

References

Old Testament people
Baby Cakes is a 1989 television movie starring Ricki Lake and Craig Sheffer.  It was released on Valentine's Day in 1989 and is currently aired sporadically on Lifetime and Lifetime Movie Network.

Cast 
Ricki Lake as Grace 
Craig Sheffer as Rob Harrison
Nada Despotovich as Keri
John Karlen as Al
Betty Buckley as Wanda
Cynthia Dale as Olivia

Other websites
 

1989 movies
History
The conflict started during the Partition of India (1947–48). On October 20, 1947, tribesmen backed by Pakistan invaded Kashmir. The Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir initially fought back but on 27 October appealed for assistance to the Governor-General Louis Mountbatten, who agreed on the condition that the ruler accede to India and that a plebiscite would be held afterwards, which was not. Once the papers of accession to India were signed, Indian soldiers entered Kashmir with orders to stop any further occupation, but they were not allowed to remove anyone from the state. India took the matter to the United Nations. The UN resolution asked Pakistan to vacate the areas it has occupied and asked India to assist the U.N. Plebiscite Commission to organize a plebiscite to determine the will of the people. Pakistan refused to vacate the occupied areas.
In 1947-8 India and Pakistan fought their first war over Jammu and Kashmir. Under United Nations' supervision, they agreed to a ceasefire along a line which left one-third of the state - comprising what Pakistan calls Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and the Northern Areas administered by Pakistan and two-thirds, Jammu, Ladakh and the Kashmir Valley, controlled by India. In 1972, under the terms of the Simla agreement, the ceasefire line was renamed the Line of Control. 

Although India claims that the entire state is part of India, it has been prepared to accept the Line of Control as the international border, with some possible modifications. Both the US and the UK have also favoured turning the Line of Control into an internationally-recognised frontier.
But Pakistan has consistently refused to accept the Line of Control as the border since the predominantly Muslim Kashmir Valley would remain as part of India. Formalising the status quo also does not take account of the aspirations of those Kashmiris who have been fighting since 1989 for independence for the whole or part of the state.

Water dispute
Another reason behind the dispute over Kashmir is water. Many rivers start in Kashmir. Some of them are tributaries of the Indus River basin, such as the Jhelum and Chenab River. These flow into Pakistan and are used for irrigation there. Other rivers like the Ravi, Beas River and the Sutlej flow into northern India.
Current status
Today Kashmir is split, as follows:
Republic of India controls the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is made of the Jammu region, the Kashmir valley, and Ladakh. Pakistan refers to this as Indian occupied kashmir or Indian controlled kashmir, or Indian annexed kashmir and Indian held kashmir.
The territories known as Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir are administered by Pakistan. Islamabad calls them Pakistan-administered Kashmir. India refers to this as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
The region called Aksai Chin is controlled by China. China also controls a territory it received from Pakistan, called Trans-Karakoram Tract. The legality of this swap is disputed by India.
The Siachen Glacier is currently a disputed territory, India controls the glacier, Pakistan the valley below.
The Trans-Karakoram Tract is an area Pakistan gave to China in 1963, March 3rd. Pakistan says the area was uninhabited, so there is no problem to this. India claims this area as part of its state Jammu and Kashmir.
Kashmir has been a source of conflict between India and Pakistan for more than 60 years. Currently a boundary - the Line of Control - divides the region in two, with one part occupied by India and one militarily administrated by Pakistan. India would like to formalise this status quo and make it the accepted international boundary. But Pakistan and Kashmiri activists reject this plan because they both want greater control over the region.

Map issues
Map issues

As with other disputed territories, each government issues maps depicting their claims in Kashmir as part of their territory, regardless of actual control. It is illegal in India to exclude all or part of Kashmir in a map. It is also illegal in Pakistan not to include the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Non-participants often use the Line of Control and the Line of Actual Control as the depicted boundaries, as is done in the CIA World Factbook, and the region is often marked out in hashmarks, although the Indian government strictly opposes such practices. When Microsoft released a map in Windows 95 and MapPoint 2002, a controversy was raised because it did not show parts of Kashmir as part of India as per Indian claim. However, all the neutral companies claim to follow the UN's map and over 90% of all maps containing the territory of Kashmir show it as disputed territory.

International responses

References

Kashmir
Territorial disputes
The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu is a two-act operetta. The book and lyrics were written by W. S. Gilbert. The music was written by Arthur Sullivan. The operetta premiered 14 March 1885 at the Savoy Theatre, London, with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. 

The Mikado is the ninth of the fourteen Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. It had 672 performances in its original run. This was the longest original run of any Gilbert and Sullivan operetta.

At the time of the operetta's creation, London was overwhelmed with all things Japanese: tea shops, kimonos, fans, etc. Gilbert reported that he got the idea for The Mikado when a Japanese sword fell from the wall of his study.
Roles 
    The Mikado of Japan (bass or bass-baritone)
    Nanki-Poo, His Son, disguised as a wandering minstrel and in love with Yum-Yum (tenor)
    Ko-Ko, The Lord High Executioner of Titipu (comic baritone)
    Pooh-Bah, Lord High Everything Else (baritone)
    Pish-Tush, A Noble Lord (baritone)
    Go-To, A Noble Lord (bass)
    Yum-Yum, A Ward of Ko-Ko, also engaged to Ko-Ko (soprano)
    Pitti-Sing, A Ward of Ko-Ko (mezzo-soprano)
    Peep-Bo, A Ward of Ko-Ko (soprano or mezzo-soprano)
    Katisha, An Elderly lady, in love with Nanki-Poo (contralto)
    Chorus of School-Girls, Nobles, Guards and Coolies

Story of the opera 
Nanki Poo is the son of the Mikado. He has disguised himself as a wandering minstrel to be near the village girl he loves Yum Yum. Their love is complicated by an old woman named Katisha who believes she will marry Nanki Poo. In the end, Nanki Poo and Yum Yum are united. Katisha settles for Koko, the town's executioner.
Musical numbers
 Overture (Includes "Mi-ya Sa-ma", "The Sun Whose Rays Are All Ablaze", "There is Beauty in the Bellow of the Blast", "Braid the Raven Hair" and "With Aspect Stern and Gloomy Stride")

Act I
1. "If you want to know who we are" (Chorus of Men)
 2. "A Wand'ring Minstrel I" (Nanki-Poo and Men)
 3. "Our Great Mikado, virtuous man" (Pish-Tush and Men)
 4. "Young man, despair" (Pooh-Bah, Nanki-Poo and Pish-Tush)
 4a. Recit., "And have I journey'd for a month" (Pooh-Bah, Nanki-Poo)
 5. "Behold the Lord High Executioner" (Ko-Ko and Men)
 5a. "As some day it may happen" ("I've Got a Little List") (Ko-Ko and Men)
 6. "Comes a train of little ladies" (Girls)
 7. "Three little maids from school are we" (Yum-Yum, Peep-Bo, Pitti-Sing, and Girls)
 8. "So please you, Sir, we much regret" (Yum-Yum, Peep-Bo, Pitti-Sing, Pooh-Bah, and Girls)
 9. "Were you not to Ko-Ko plighted" (Yum-Yum and Nanki-Poo)
 10. "I am so proud" (Pooh-Bah, Ko-Ko and Pish-Tush)
 11. Finale Act I (Ensemble)
 "With aspect stern and gloomy stride"
 "The threatened cloud has passed away"
 "Your revels cease!" ... "Oh fool, that fleest my hallowed joys!"
 "For he's going to marry Yum-Yum"
"The hour of gladness" ... "O ni! bikkuri shakkuri to!"
 "Ye torrents roar!"
12. "Braid the raven hair" (Pitti-Sing and Girls)
 13. "The sun whose rays are all ablaze" (Yum-Yum) (Originally in Act I, moved to Act II shortly after the opening night)
 14. Madrigal, "Brightly dawns our wedding day" (Yum-Yum, Pitti-Sing, Nanki-Poo and Pish-Tush)
 15. "Here's a how-de-do" (Yum-Yum, Nanki-Poo and Ko-Ko)
 16. "Mi-ya Sa-ma" "From every kind of man obedience I expect" (Mikado, Katisha, Chorus)
 17. "A more humane Mikado" (Mikado, Chorus) (This song was nearly cut, but was restored shortly before the first night.)
 18. "The criminal cried as he dropped him down" (Ko-Ko, Pitti-Sing, Pooh-Bah, Chorus)
 19. "See how the Fates their gifts allot" (Mikado, Pitti-Sing, Pooh-Bah, Ko-Ko and Katisha)
 20. "The flowers that bloom in the spring" (Nanki-Poo, Ko-Ko, Yum-Yum, Pitti-Sing, and Pooh-Bah)
 21. Recit. and song, "Alone, and yet alive" (Katisha)
 22. "On a tree by a river" ("Willow, tit-willow") (Ko-Ko)
 23. "There is beauty in the bellow of the blast" (Katisha and Ko-Ko)
24. "Finale Act II" (Ensemble)
 "For he's gone and married Yum-Yum"
 "The threatened cloud has passed away"
References 

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1880s operas
Roxanne [ rok-san ] is a female given name. The name is based on the Greek name Roxane. Roxane comes from the Persian word Roschana, which means "dawn of day". The name was ranked 389 in the 1990 U.S. Census. It fell out of the top 1000 girls names in the 21st century. The name has been popular in Australia and Canada, however. This name was used for a damaging hurricane in 1995. It was also the title of a single from music group The Police in the 1980s.

People 

 Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, American historian
 Rosanne Cash, American singer-songwriter

References

Given names
The Ballet of the Nuns is the first ballet blanc and the first romantic ballet. It is an episode in Act III of Giacomo Meyerbeer's grand opera, Robert le Diable. It premiered in November 1831 at the Paris Opéra. The choreography (now lost) was created by either Filippo Taglioni or Jean Coralli. 

The short ballet tells of deceased nuns rising from their tombs in a ruined cloister to seduce the knight, Robert le Diable. At the end of the ballet, the white-clad nuns return to their tombs.  The ballet was created because officials at the Paris Opéra wanted to demonstrate the building's newly installed gas lighting. The lighting was capable of creating ghastly effects.   

The Ballet of the Nuns starred Marie Taglioni as the Abbess Helena. Although opening night was marred with a few mishaps, Taglioni made her indelible mark on the ballet world in the role. She became known for her ethereal qualities and her moral purity, and is one of the most celebrated ballerinas in history.
Story 
The ballet opens with Bertram, Robert le Diable's father, entering the ruined cloister of Sainte-Rosalie. He summons the ghosts of nuns who have violated their vows. They rise from their graves. He orders them to seduce his son Robert into accepting a deadly talisman. The Abbess Helena orders the ghosts to waltz. In spite of their sacred vows, the nuns waltz. The dead nuns give themselves over to unholy thrills.

Robert enters. The nuns hide, but return to prevent his escape. Robert stands terrified before a saint's tomb. The Abbess lures him towards the talisman in the saint's hand. Robert seizes it. The nuns continue their dance,fluttering like white moths. Their graves open and they sink into the earth. Stone slabs slide into place, covering the dead. A choir of demons is heard.
Background 
Ballet of the 18th century was based on rational thought and classical art. The French Revolution however ushered in a period that brought romantic ballet to the stage. Trapdoors, gas lighting, and other elements that became associated with the romantic ballet had been used in the popular theaters on the Paris boulevards for some time. Such elements would gain official sanction and prestige at the Paris Opéra in the middle decades of the 19th century.
A ballet on a Robert le Diable theme was danced in Paris before Her Highness Mlle de Longueville in 1652. The Ballet of the Nuns however was something entirely new in concept to audiences on the ballet's opening night. Henri Duponchel, managing director of the Paris Opéra, was in charge of visual effects at the Opéra. He wanted to demonstrate the venue's recently installed gas lighting. Its reflectors produced a stronger, more keenly directed light than ever before. Working with him was Pierre Ciceri, chief scenery designer. Ciceri was inspired by either the Saint-Trophime cloister in Arles or the cloister of Monfort-l'Amaury for the ballet's moonlit setting.
The theme of the ballet is passion and death, and love beyond the grave. The scene is night rather than day, and Gothic Europe rather than the classical world of Greece and Rome. After almost 100 years of rational thought, audiences were clamoring for the mysterious, the supernatural, the vague, and the doomed. The story of the ballet is about a knight who slips into a cloister at midnight to steal a talisman from a dead saint's hand that will allow him to win a princess.

Hans Christian Andersen included the scene in one of his novels. Andersen writes of the scene, "By the hundred they rise from the graveyard and drift into the cloister. They seem not to touch the earth. Like vaporous images, they glide past one another ... Suddenly their shrouds fall to the ground. They stand in all their voluptuous nakedness, and there begins a bacchanal." The nuns were not completely naked, but Andersen did capture the essence of the scene.

Opening night
Opening night 

Opening night was spoiled by a falling gaslight and a trapdoor that would not close properly. A piece of scenery fell, narrowly missing Taglioni. The curtain was brought down. The ballerina assured everyone she was unharmed. The curtain rose and the performance continued. It ended in a triumph for Meyerbeer, the Taglionis, and Dr. Louis Véron, the Opéra's new manager. 

Dr. Véron had recently been awarded the Paris Opéra as a private enterprise.  He had great faith in Taglioni. He raised her salary to an unprecedented 30,000 francs a year. Her father was named ballet master with a three year contract. Véron's boldness was rewarded when Taglioni fulfilled her promise and became a great star.
Reception 
The audience took prurient delight in the scandalous Nuns. A reviewer for the Revue des Deux-Mondes wrote:A crowd of mute shades glides though the arches. All these women cast off their nuns' costume, they shake off the cold powder of the grave; suddenly they throw themselves into the delights of their past life; they dance like bacchantes, they play like lords, they drink like sappers. What a pleasure to see these light women.

Nuns was the first ballet blanc and the first romantic ballet. The opera was performed 756 times between 1831 and 1893 at the Paris Opéra.  French Impressionist Edgar Degas painted the ballet scene several times between 1871 and 1876.
Under her contract, Taglioni was to appear in Nuns about a dozen times. She left after six. It is possible that the erotic implications of the nuns' ballet did not set well with her. She may have been reluctant to appear in a ballet within an opera. A foot injury and the accidents that marred the first performance may have given the ballerina pause for thought. Bad press directed at her father may have caused Taglioni to withdraw. Taglioni was replaced by Louise Fitzjames, who danced the role 232 times.  

The Danish choreographer August Bournonville saw Fitzjames's performance as the Abbess in Paris in 1841. He based his own choreography, which was used in Copenhagen between 1833 and 1863, on this. His choreography has been fully preserved. It represents the only record of the original.