Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Over the 1887 season, Burns hit nine home runs. He had 19 triples, which was tied with five other players for the American Association lead. He played in 140 games, which also tied for the league's lead.

After playing in 79 games for Baltimore, Burns was moved to the Brooklyn Bridegrooms by Harry Von der Horst. Von der Horst owned both teams. While playing for the Bridegrooms, the New York Clipper described Burns as "the noisiest man that ever played on the Brooklyn team. His voice reminds one of a buzz-saw." Burns remained with the Bridegrooms for the 1889 season. He had team highs in batting average and home runs. That season the Bridegrooms became American Association champions. In the World Series, the Bridegrooms played the New York Giants. Burns hit a three-run home run to win the fourth game of the series. This gave Brooklyn a 3–1 series lead. However, the Giants won the World Series after winning five straight games.
In 1890, the Bridegrooms moved to the National League. Burns, then 26, led the league in home runs (13) and RBIs (128). He hit for the cycle on August 1, 1890. He was the first Bridegroom to do so. The Bridegrooms won the National League pennant. In the 1890 World Series, the team played against the Louisville Colonels. The series ended in a 3–3–1 tie because of bad weather. In 1892, the Bridegrooms changed their name to the Grooms. Burns's RBI total was third highest in the league. His hits, doubles, triples, and batting average were the second highest on the Brooklyn team. In 1893, between games of a doubleheader, a teammate of Burns, Tom Daly, was sleeping in center field. Burns stabbed Daly with a knife. Daly woke up and turned into the knife. This led to a severed tendon which kept Daly out for two weeks. Burns' 1894 batting average (.355) was the highest of his career. He continued to play for the club until 1895, when he left the Grooms to play for the New York Giants
. In his final MLB year, Burns batted .258 over 53 games.
After the 1895 season, Burns' contract was bought by the minor league Newark Colts. The Colts won the Atlantic League division with a 82–61 record. The next season, Burns served as a player-coach for the Hartford Bluebirds. He lead the team in doubles and batting average. In his final year managing, Burns coached for a minor league team in Portland, Maine.

After baseball
After retiring from baseball, Burns lived in Brooklyn. He died on November 11, 1928. He was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery in North Arlington, New Jersey.

References

1864 births
1928 deaths
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Los Angeles Dodgers players
San Francisco Giants players
Thomas Wolsey (born between 1471 and 1476 at Ipswich, Suffolk; died 29 November 1530) was an English statesman and archbishop. He was made a cardinal in 1515. Of humble origin, Thomas Wolsey became the principal figure in affairs of state for many years during the reign of King Henry VIII of England before falling into disgrace.  

Cardinal Wolsey chiefly developed his talents in managing the foreign policy of the kingdom on behalf of Henry VIII. In spite of the many enemies who envied his ambition, he was able to  acquire the confidence of the king until the latter decided to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled in order to marry Anne Boleyn.
Chronology 
 Between 1471 and 1476: born at Ipswich.
 10 March 1498: ordained priest.
 1509: Dean of Lincoln; made royal almoner and member of the Council.
 1514: Took Thomas More into his service to look after his revenue.
 1515: Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor of England.
 10 September 1515: Pope Leo X created Wolsey a cardinal.
 1516: Obtained from Leo X the title of cardinal-legate.  He proceeded to take the possessions of thirty monasteries and put himself forward as a candidate to become Pope.
 1518: Bishop of Bath and Wells (while still Archbishop of York)
 1522: Resigned Bishopric of Bath and Wells
 1525: Founded Cardinal College at Oxford (afterwards Christ Church), one of the largest and richest colleges of the University of Oxford.
1529: The varying attitudes of Wolsey, wishing to keep the Pope happy, had the effect of destroying his credit with the king.  In the autumn, impelled by Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII brought charges against Thomas Wolsey.  He was dismissed from his office of Lord Chancellor and deprived of his properties, including the palace of Whitehall, where Henry decided go and live, instead of Westminster Palace.
 29 November 1530: He died of exhaustion at Leicester while being transferred to the Tower of London.
References

Other websites 
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Wolsey, Thomas 
 Catholic-Hierarchy, Thomas Cardinal Wolsey

1470s births
1530 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Lord Chancellors
People from Ipswich
English Roman Catholic archbishops
Archbishops of York
There is some concern that the use of pacifiers can affect the child's teeth so many teats now are a special shape to allow the teeth to form properly, these are called orthodontic teats. Non-orthodontic teats are sometimes called cherry teats.

Childhood
Medical equipment
The Wilmington Quicksteps were a baseball team in the Union Association. They finished with a 2–16 record and were managed by Joe Simmons. The team played home games in Union Street Park in Wilmington, Delaware.

References

Wilmington, Delaware
Baseball teams in the United States
Games played (abbreviated as G or GP) is a statistic. It is used in team sports to show the total number of games in which a player has participated in.

Baseball
In baseball, the statistic also applies to players who are included on a starting lineup card whether they play or not.

References 

Statistics
In baseball, a triple is when a batter reaches third base on a hit without an error occurring in the field. Chief Wilson hit the most triples, recording 36 in 1912.

References

Statistics
Muhammed Ali (/mɔːˈlɑːnə mʊˈhɑːməd ɑːˈliː/; Arabic: محمد علي‎‎; 1874 – 13 October 1951) was an Indian writer and leading figure of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam.

References

Indian writers
Indian journalists
Indian poets
Indian activists
Indian Muslims
1878 births
1931 deaths
Golden, Colorado is a city in the US state of Colorado. It is the county seat of Jefferson County, Colorado. It was founded on June 16, 1859 during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Golden City was the capital of the Territory of Jefferson from 1860 to 1861, and the capital of Colorado Territory from 1862 to 1867. In 1867, the capital was moved to Denver City.

In 2020, there were 20,399 people living in Golden.

References 

Cities in Colorado
County seats in Colorado
1859 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Colorado
The Sprawl trilogy is William Gibson's first set of novels. The three books in the series are: Neuromancer (1984), Count Zero (1986), and Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988). It is also called  the Neuromancer, Cyberspace, or Matrix trilogy. The Sprawl is a name for a very large city in the novels.

The stories all happen in the same fictional future. The books share characters and themes. Some of Gibson's short stories "Johnny Mnemonic," "New Rose Hotel," and "Burning Chrome" also happen in the Sprawl.

Series of books
American science fiction books
Emerald is a small town in Victoria, Australia. It is 44km south-east of Melbourne. In 2006 there were 6,135 people living in Emerald. The large Cardinia Reservoir which supplies water to Melbourne is in Emerald.

References
A Panzerschreck (also known as a Raketenpanzerbüchse, abbreviated to RPzB) is an infantry weapon made by Nazi Germany. They fired an 88 mm calibre anti-tank rocket. Unlike the Panzerfaust, they were reusuable.

References

Weapons
Nazi Germany
This article is about the game designer. For a mountain pass, see mountain pass.

Markus Alexej Persson (born 1 June 1979), better known as Notch, is a Swedish game designer. He is famous for creating the video game Minecraft. Persson started the company Mojang AB in 2009. On September 15, 2014, he announced that he would be leaving the company, and soon after he left.

References

1979 births
Living people
Swedish designers
Minecraft
Pyeongchang is a city in the Republic of Korea. They hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. 

The town has many mountains, with a lot of snow in the winter. As of 2013, its population was about 44,000.

References

Other websites

 Pyeongchang County government website
 Pyeongchang 2018 website 

Cities in South Korea
Cape Conran Coastal Park is a coastal reserve near Marlo in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. It is 420 km east of Melbourne and 530 km south of Sydney. It covers an area of 11,700 hectares, and has 60 kilometres of coast line. Most of the area is covered in banksias and woodland which attracts many nectar feeding birds. Other birds seen in the area include the White-bellied Sea Eagles and Eastern Ground Parrots.
Whales and dolphins can sometimes be seen near the coast at certain times of the year.

References

Protected areas of Victoria (Australia)
Seoul National University is a university in Seoul, South Korea.

A notable former student is Ban Ki-moon.

Colleges and universities in South Korea
Buildings and structures in Seoul
Dame Margaret Evelyn de Arias DBE (née Hookham; 18 May 191921 February 1991), known by the stage name Margot Fonteyn, was an English ballerina. She is widely regarded as one of the greatest classical ballet dancers of all time.

She spent her entire career as a dancer with the Royal Ballet, eventually being appointed Prima Ballerina Assoluta of the company by Queen Elizabeth II. This is an honour rarely given to a dancer. The highest rank in the Royal Ballet today is Principal dancer. Fonteyn's appointment as a Dame commander of the British Empire is the female equivalent to a knighthood.
Fonteyn danced until 1979, when she was nearly 60. This is unusual for any dancer, male or female. Her career was expected to end round about 1960, but it was reborn by a new partnership with a Russian dancer who had escaped from the Soviet Union. He was Rudolph Nureyev, one of the three greatest male ballet dancers of the twentieth century. Though he was 19 years younger than her, the partnership flourished, and was called "the most famous partnership in ballet history".p188

She married a Panamanian politician in 1955. He survived an assassin's bullets ten years later. She continued dancing to raise money for his upkeep. The marriage was not happy; he had a mistress. However, the couple remained married until his death in 1989.

Media
Media

Film 
Several films were made of her performances.
 Various photos and early film clips 
 1955 The Sleeping Beauty: with Michael Soames (NBC, colour). A black and white version is available on DVD.
 1958 The Nutcracker: with Michael Soames
 1960 Swan Lake: a colour film of her with Rudolf Nureyev as the Prince
 2005 Margot: a documentary with filmed interviews with Nureyev, Frederick Ashton, Roland Petit, Ninette de Valois, Robert Helpmann, Lynn Seymour, and others.
 2009. Margot: BBC 4, dramatised biography with Anne-Marie Duff.

Books 
 1976 Margot Fonteyn Autobiography New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

References 

Ballerinas
British autobiographers
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
English dancers
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
People from Surrey
1919 births
1991 deaths
Hampstead is a district of London, England, about  north-west of Charing Cross. It is part of the London Borough of Camden. It is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for the large and hilly parkland Hampstead Heath. Some of the most expensive housing in the London area, or indeed anywhere in the world is in Hampstead, with large houses selling for up to £50m (2008). The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.

Hampstead has long been known as a residence of writers, composers, ballerinas, intellectuals, actors, artists and architects, many of whom created a bohemian community in the late 19th century. After 1917, and again in the 1930s, it became base to a community of avant garde artists and writers and was host to a number of émigrés and exiles from the Russian Revolution and Nazi Europe.

References

Areas of London
Cosmic dust (also known as star dust and space dust) is a type of dust. It is very small crystals sent out from stars.

It is formed when a star, such as the Sun, sends out atoms. Some of the atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons and becoming negatively and positively charged. These oppositely charged ions form an ionic bond, sticking together in tiny crystals, a few thousand nanometres across, to form cosmic dust.

Cosmic dust is found in various locations. Intergalactic dust is found between galaxies. Interstellar dust is found between stars. Dust clouds in these places are found by their blocking light from stars behind them, and by their own infrared radiation. Circumplanetary dust is found around planets and in planetary rings Interplanetary dust can be found between planets, and is seen as gegenschein and zodiacal light.  

The coming together of large amounts of dust over time leads to the creation of planets, the Earth, for example.

References 

Astrophysics
Sautéing is a method of cooking food. It uses a small amount of fat in a shallow pan. The heat must be quite high. Ingredients are often cut into pieces or sliced thinly. It makes things cook faster. 
Food that is sautéed is browned, but it keeps the same texture, moisture and flavor. If meat, or fish is sautéed, the sauté is sometimes finished by using the pan's remains to make a sauce.

Sautéing is different from pan-frying. People sometimes confuse the two. In pan-frying larger pieces of food (for example, chops or steaks) are cooked quickly. Sautéing is also different from searing. Searing only browns the surface of the food. Olive oil or clarified butter are commonly used for sautéing. Most others fats will work too. Regular butter will produce more flavor. However it burns at a lower temperature and more quickly than other fats. This is because of the milk solids in it. Therefore clarified butter is better for sautéing.

Cooking methods
Li Zehou (13 June 1930 – 2 November 2021) was a Chinese scholar who lives in the United States. He was an important scholar of Chinese history and culture. He criticized the Chinese government's response to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Because of that, his books and articles were banned in China. He was invited to the United States to teach. He was granted permanent resident status. Li had an important role in Chinese culture. Professor Yu Ying-shih of Princeton University wrote that Li's books helped a whole generation of young Chinese students become free from communist ideas.

Li died on 2 November 2021, aged 91.

Books 
The Path of Beauty: A Study of Chinese Aesthetics, Oxford University Press, 1988

Related pages 
List of Chinese dissidents
Liu Xiaobo, a Nobel Peace Prize winning scholar who has criticized Li's work as a scholar.

References
References

Other websites 
"Modernization and the Confucian World", Colorado College's 125th Anniversary Symposium on Cultures in the 21st Century: Conflicts and Convergences, address given February 5, 1999 
"Li Zehou And The Marxist Reconstruction Of Confucianism", High Culture Fever, UC Press Ebooks

Chinese scholars
1930 births
2021 deaths
Chinese activists
Cynthia DeFelice (born in 1951 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American children's book writer. She has written 16 novels, and 12 picture books for young readers. Her novels are written for children at the reading level of ages nine to twelve.

Biography
She was born Cynthia Carter in 1951. Her father was a psychiatrist, and her mother was an English teacher, who stopped working to raise DeFelice and her siblings. She credits her mother for her interest in books. She began writing children's books in 1987. She lives in Geneva, New York.

Bibliography
Bibliography

Children's novels
The Strange Night Writing of Jessamine Colter, Atheneum (1988), 
Weasel, Atheneum (1990), 
Devil’s Bridge, Gale Group (1992), 
The Light on Hogback Hill Atheneum (1993), 
Lostman’s River, Atheneum (1994), 
The Apprenticeship of Lucas Whitaker Farrar, Straus & Giroux (1996),  (ALA Notable Book 1996)
The Ghost of Poplar Point, Farrar Straus (1997), 
The Ghost of Fossil Glen, Farrar Straus (1998), 
Nowhere to Call Home Farrar Straus (1999), 
Death at Devil’s Bridge Farrar Straus (2000), 
The Ghost and Mrs. Hobbs, Farrar Straus (2001)
The Ghost of Cutler Creek, Farrar Straus (2004), 
Under the Same Sky, Farrar Straus (2005), 
Missing Manatee, Farrar Straus (2005), 
Bringing Ezra Back, Farrar Straus (2006) (sequel to Weasel)
Signal, Farrar Straus (2009),
Select children's picture books
Dancing Skeleton, illustrations by Robert Andrew Parker, Atheneum (1989)  (named a Best Book of the Year by the Library of Congress)
Clever Crow, illustrations by S.D. Schindler, Atheneum (1998), 
Cold Feet, illustrations by Robert Andrew Parker, DK Books for Children (2000),  (2001 Boston Globe-Horn Book award for best picture book)

References

Other websites 
author website
DeFelice at Macmillan Books website
DeFelice at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database website

Living people
Writers from Philadelphia
1951 births
American science fiction writers
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day is a children's picture book written by Judith Viorst and illustrated by Ray Cruz. It was published in 1972 by Simon and Schuster. It is a humorous story about a boy named Alexander and how one day everything went wrong for him, so he started thinking of moving to Australia. But at the end, he realized that other people have bad days too, even in Australia. In 2011 Century Fox confirmed to make a live-action film based on the book but was later picked by The Walt Disney Company. In 2014, Disney released a film adaption, of the same name loosely based on the book.

References

1972 books
English-language picture books
Pippi Longstocking () is a novel by Astrid Lindgren. It was originally published in Sweden on 26 November 1945. It is the first in a series of books about Pippi Longstocking. Pippi is a girl who lives alone in a house with her pets, a monkey named Mr. Nilsson and a horse that she keeps on the porch. She befriends Tommy and his sister Annika, who live next door to her.

As of 2009, the book has been translated into 64 languages.

Background
Background

Astrid Lindgren first thought of Pippi Longstocking in 1941. Her 9-year-old daughter Karin was sick and had to be kept in bed. She asked her mother to tell her a story, so Lindgren made up a character named Pippi Longstocking and some stories about her to entertain her daughter. In 1944, she wrote them down and sent the manuscript of the book to Bonnier Publishers. They said that they did not want to publish the book. When the publishing company Rabén and Sjögren announced a children's book contest on January 28 of the next year, she sent a new version of the book to the company. It won first prize and was published in 1945. Afterwards, Rabén and Sjögren would also publish the sequels, Pippi Goes on Board (1946) and Pippi in the South Seas (1948). Since then, the series has been translated into many other languages. It has also been adapted into a television series and two movies.
Plot
Pippi is a girl who is 9 years old. She lives alone in Villa Villekulla, an old house in a garden way out at the end of a small town (the name of the town is not given). She lives there all alone because her father, a sea captain called Captain Efraim Longstocking, disappeared when he was washed overboard in a storm and her mother died when she was very young. Pippi believes that her mother is now an angel in Heaven, watching her through a peephole and her father, instead of drowning after being washed overboard, had actually floated to an island filled with cannibals and become a cannibal king.
Afterwards, she invites them over to her house, where they eat pancakes and Pippi tells them about Brazilians, who always have eggs in their hair. Then she shows them some of the things which she and her father brought home from their journeys around the world. From these, Pippi gives them some gifts: Tommy gets a small knife with a handle of pearl and Annika gets a ring with a green stone. Annika and Tommy then go back to their home.

References

1945 books
Swedish children's books
The Ringstraße (also known as Ring) is a street in Austria's capital Vienna. It goes around the first district in almost the shape of a circle. The street is 5.2 km long and is divided into nine sections. It is one of the main sights in Vienna.

History

On December 20th, 1857, emperor Franz Joseph I. ordered to destroy the old city walls and to build a street which should show the glory of the Habsburg Empire. The old walls were a traffic block because in 1850, the suburbs became part of the city as districts II. till IX. The order of the emperor outlined the exact size of the boulevard, as well as the geographical positions and functions of the new buildings. The only building which was erected by the city was the Town Hall.

During the following years, a large number of important public and private buildings were erected. Nobility and  bourgeoisie began to build mansions along the street. Most of them were built in the Ringstraßenstyle, which mainly quotes older styles.

Sections of the Ringstraße
The Ringstraße has several sections. It surrounds the central area of Vienna on all sides, except for the northeast, where its place is taken by the Franz-Josephs-Kai, the street going along the Donaukanal (a branch of the Danube). Starting from the Ringturm at the northern end of the Franz-Josephs-Kai, the sections are:
 Schottenring (named after the Schottenstift)
 Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring (Karl Lueger)
 Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring (Karl Renner)
 Burgring (Hofburg)
 Opernring (Vienna State Opera)
 Kärntner Ring (Carinthia)
 Schubertring (Franz Schubert)
 Parkring (Wiener Stadtpark)
 Stubenring (named after the Stubenbastei, part of the viennese citywall since 1156)
Buildings along the Ringstraße
 The K.u.K. Hofoper (now Vienna State Opera), in neo-romantic style by August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Nüll,
 the Akademie der bildenden Künste (Academy of Fine Arts),
 the Justizpalast (now Federal Ministry of Justice),
 the Parliament building, in neo-attic style (a reference to the democracy of ancient Athens) by Theophil Freiherr von Hansen,
 the Rathaus (Town Hall) in Flemish-Gothic style by Friedrich Schmidt,
 the K.u.K. Hofburgtheater (now Burgtheater) by Karl Freiherr von Hasenauer, 
 the University Building, in neo-renaissance style (a reference to the beginnings of the university system in northern Italy,
 the Votivkirche, in neo-gothic style (a reference to the gothic Cathedrals of France) by Heinrich Freiherr von Ferstel,
 the Börse (Stock Exchange),
 the Ringturm, modern 1950s style,
 the Urania observatory,
 the Kriegsministerium (now Regierungsgebäude), in neo-baroque style by Ludwig Baumann,
the Postsparkasse (Postal Savings Bank), in Jugendstil by Otto Wagner,
 the Museum für Angewandte Kunst (Museum of Applied Arts) in neo-renaissance style by Heinrich Freiherr von Ferstel,
 the Palais Württemberg (now Hotel Imperial),
Gallery

Other websites 

 suf.at - Vienna Ringstraße
 Die Ringstraße - ein Juwel unter den Straßen der Welt
 viennatouristguide.at - Sights along the Ringstraße

Vienna
Life
Otto Wagner was born in the Penzing district of Vienna. He studied in Berlin and Vienna. After work as brick layer he started as architect. His first buildings were in the  historism style. In the late 1880s he became a proponent of the realism style. In 1890 he designed a city plan for Vienna but only the railway netwerk Wiener Stadtbahn was built. In 1894 he became Professor of Architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.In 1896 he published a textbook entitled Modern Architecture in which he wrote down his ideas about the role of the architect, it based on his first lecture in the Academy. He called for an architecture based on modern materials and modern construction methods. In 1897, he joined Gustav Klimt, Joseph Maria Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser shortly after they founded the "Vienna Secession" artistic group. He died in 1918 in Vienna.

Works of Otto Wagner

Other websites
Other websites 

Otto Wagner Museum in Vienna 
Great Buildings Online
Images of several Wagner buildings
Otto Wagner at WOKA (de/en) 
Majolica House in Vienna by Otto Wagner  (with drawings and photos)
AEIOU - Das österreichische Kulturinformationssystem
Digitized books from the architecture collection of AMS Historica, the digital library of the University of Bologna. 
  Einige skizzen 1, Wien, 1905.
  Einige skizzen 2, Wien, 1905.
  Einige skizzen 3, Wien, 1905.

1841 births
1918 deaths
Austrian architects
People from Vienna
Urban planners
Dame Ninette de Valois OM CH DBE FRAD FISTD (6 June 1898 – 8 March 2001) was an Irish-born British dancer, teacher, choreographer and director of classical ballet.

Most notably, she danced professionally with Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, reaching the rank of soloist. After Diaghilev's death she established what became The Royal Ballet. This became one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century and one of the leading ballet companies in the world today. She also established the Birmingham Royal Ballet and the Royal Ballet School. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of ballet and as the 'godmother' of English ballet.
Career 
Before de Valois there had been no permanent ballet company in London, though there were a few quality dance schools which offered shows from time to time. The company which became the Royal Ballet started as the Vic-Wells Ballet, founded by de Valois in 1931. It had Anton Dolin as its Guest dancer. In 1933 the company was joined by Alicia Markova, who was appointed prima ballerina. At this point de Valois retired as a stage performer, and continued as Director. Her reputation was now made as an organiser and teacher. She was also a choreographer, with a number of ballets to her credit. Her ballet Checkmate is still danced today.
'Madame', as she was called by everyone, attracted great talents to the company. She engaged Frederick Ashton as Principal Choreographer and Constant Lambert as Musical Director, in 1935. Tamara Karsavina was a dance advisor. Eventually the company included many of the most famous ballet dancers in the world, including Margot Fonteyn, Svetlana Beriosova, and, most sensationally, Rudolf Nureyev.

As a manager, she had a fearsome reputation. She would stand for no misbehaviour, or for anything which stood in the way of the dance. One younger dancer said:
"She could be absolutely terrifying and I count it as one of the blessings of my life that I never saw that side of her... The dragon manner was business. Outside of that she was the most witty, delightful, intelligent and informed of companions".
The Vic-Wells was given a Royal Charter in 1956, and became the Royal Ballet. Madame was its first Director. She retired from the Royal Ballet in 1963, but was a big influence for years. She was appointed a Companion of Honour, and awarded the Order of Merit. Madame died at the age of 102 in 2001.

References 

1898 births
2001 deaths
Ballerinas
British centenarians
British choreographers
British dancers
A Wrinkle in Time is a science fiction and fantasy novel by Madeleine L'Engle. It was first published in 1962. The book won the 1963 Newbery Medal and the 1965 Sequoyah Book Award. It also won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1964.

A live-action movie by Disney based on the book will be released in 2018.
A Wrinkle in Time is the story of Meg Murry, a high-school-aged girl who is transported on an adventure through time and space with her younger brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin O'Keefe to rescue her father, a gifted scientist, from the evil forces that hold him prisoner on another planet. At the beginning of the book, Meg is a homely, awkward, but loving girl, troubled by personal insecurities and her concern for her father, who has been missing for over a year. The plot begins with the arrival of Mrs. Whatsit at the Murry house on a dark and stormy evening. Although she looks like an eccentric tramp, she is actually a celestial creature with the ability to read Meg's thoughts. she loves me so much  the way, they meet Calvin O'Keefe, a popular boy in Meg's school whom Charles considers a kindred spirit. The three children learn from Mrs. Whatsit and her friends Mrs. Who and Mrs
. Who and Mrs. Which that the universe is threatened by a great evil called the Dark Thing and taking the form of a giant cloud, engulfing the stars around it. Several planets have already succumbed to this evil force, including Camazotz, the planet on which Mr. Murry is imprisoned.
Main Characters 
Meg Murry -  The book's heroine and protagonist, a homely, awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an adventure through time and space with her brother and her friend Calvin to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe. Meg's greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she channels and overcomes them, ultimately emerging victorious.

Charles Wallace Murry  -  Meg's extraordinarily intelligent five-year-old younger brother who is capable of reading minds and understanding other creatures in a way that none of the other Murry children can.

Calvin O'Keefe -  A popular boy and talented athlete in Meg's high school who accompanies the Murry children on their adventure. Calvin comes from a large family that does not really care about him, but he nonetheless demonstrates a strong capacity for love and affection, and shows a burgeoning romantic interest in Meg.
IT -  The disembodied brain that controls all the inhabitants of Camazotz with its revolting, pulsing rhythm. IT, identified with the Black Thing, is the embodiment of evil on this planet.

The Black Thing  -  A cold and dark shadow that symbolizes the evil forces that Meg, Calvin, and Charles Wallace must fight against in order to rescue their father.

Mrs. Whatsit -  The youngest of the three celestial beings who accompany the children on their adventure. Meg initially comes to know Mrs. Whatsit as the tramp who stole bed-sheets from their neighbors and then sought shelter from a storm in the Murrys' warm kitchen. She later learns that Mrs. Whatsit gave up her existence as a star in order to fight the Dark Thing.
Mrs. Which -  The oldest of the three celestial beings who accompany the children on their adventure. Mrs. Which has difficulty materializing and is usually just a shimmering gleam. Her unconventional speech is usually rendered in capitalized words, with the first consonants repeated several times.

Mrs. Who -  The second of the three celestial beings who accompany the children on their adventure. She usually speaks in quotations from famous thinkers and writers because she finds it too difficult to craft her own sentences. When the children first meet Mrs. Who, she is sewing sheets in the haunted house in their neighborhood.

Mr. Murry  -  Meg's father and a physicist who works for a top-secret government agency on experiments with travel through space-time in the fifth dimension. In trying to tesser to Mars (i.e., travel through a tesseract, or wrinkle in time), he is captured and imprisoned on the dark planet of Camazotz. When the plot begins, no one on Earth has heard from him for over a year.
Aunt Beast -  This tall, furry, many-tentacled inhabitant of the planet Ixchel cares lovingly for Meg after she is nearly destroyed by the Black Thing. Aunt Beast, like all the creatures on Ixchel, lacks eyes and has no concept of light or vision.

Happy Medium -  A jolly, clairvoyant woman in a silk turban and satin gown who shows the children a vision of Earth through her crystal ball. The Medium is reluctant to show them anything unpleasant, but the Mrs. W's insist that they see what they are up against.

Man with the Red Eyes  -  A robot-like inhabitant of Camazotz who tries to hypnotize Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin in the CENTRAL Central Intelligence building. The Man, like all of Camazotz, is totally controlled by the power of IT.
Mrs. Murry  -  Meg's mother and an experimental biologist who works out of a lab in the Murry home. She is at once a brilliant scientist and a loving mother who cooks meals for her family on her Bunsen burner. She also writes loving letters to her absent husband every night.

Mr. Jenkins -  Meg's cold and unfeeling high-school principal who calls her "belligerent and uncooperative" and implies that her family is in denial about Mr. Murry's true whereabouts.

Mrs. Buncombe -  The wife of the constable in Meg's hometown, who has twelve bed-sheets stolen from her at the beginning of the novel.

Sandy and Dennys Murry  -  Meg's athletic and socially successful ten-year-old twin brothers who encourage her to let them fight off the bullies who make fun of Charles Wallace. The twins do not accompany Meg and Charles Wallace on their interplanetary adventure.

References
References

Other websites 
 L'Engle's Official Site
 A Wrinkle in Time reviewed at The Open Critic
 
 Review of A Wrinkle in Time
 Official book site for the May 2007 release.
 A Wrinkle in Time study guide, themes, quotes, multimedia, & teacher guide

1962 books
American fantasy books
American young adult novels
Newbery Medal winning books
A calibre (or caliber in American English) is the diameter of the barrel of a gun. For example, a rifle with a diameter of 0.22 inch is a .22 cal. Guns that have a particular calibre are designed to fit and use bullets of the same calibre.

Types of callibre
Callibre is measured in inches, not millimetres. Common callibres include:

References

Ammunition
Alexandre Rosell i Feli or Sandro Rosell (born March 6, 1964 in Barcelona) is the current chairman of FC Barcelona. He was the vice-president from 2003 to 2005.

1964 births
Living people
Spanish football managers
Bitter, one of the five basic tastes.

Common bitter foods and beverages are coffee, pure chocolate, beer,  citrus peel and escarole. Quinine is also known for its bitter taste and is found in tonic water.

Related pages
 Gustatory system
 Saltiness, the taste of salt
 Sweet (taste), the taste of sugar
 Sourness, the taste of lemon

Sensory system

en:Taste#Bitterness
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was a comet. It broke apart and crashed into Jupiter, in July 1994. The event was special because people could see, for the first time, how objects in the Solar System, outside Earth, collided. It caused a large amount of coverage in the media. The comet was carefully watched by astronomers worldwide. The crash gave new information about Jupiter. It also showed up its role in reducing space debris in the inner Solar System. The name came out of the discovers' last names.

Discovery of this comet 

The comet was discovered by astronomers Carolyn and Eugene M. Shoemaker and David Levy on March 24, 1993. It was found in a picture taken by the  Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory, in California. When it was discovered, it was orbiting Jupiter. It was the first comet seen to be orbiting a planet. Scientists think that it had been orbiting the planet for 20 - 30 years before its discovery.

Crash
Crash 

Calculations showed that its unusual broken up form was due to a previous closer approach to Jupiter in July 1992. At that time, the orbit of Shoemaker-Levy 9 passed within Jupiter's Roche limit. Jupiter's tidal forces had acted to pull the comet apart. The comet was later observed as a series of pieces up to  in diameter. These fragments collided with Jupiter's southern hemisphere between July 16 and July 22, 1994. The pieces were moving at a speed of approximately 60 km/s. The impact scars were more easily seen than the Great Red Spot and they stayed for many months.

References

Comets
Impact events
The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league based in the Eastern United States. Like the Pacific Coast League, the International League plays at the Triple-A (AAA) level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball (MLB).

The league started in 1884. It had different names until it became known as the International League in 1912. The league was called that because it had teams in the United States, Canada, and Cuba. However, all the league's 20 teams are now located in the United States. After MLB took control of Minor League Baseball in 2021, it was called the Triple-A East for one season before going back to the IL name in 2022.

Teams

References

Other websites
Minor League Baseball's official website

Baseball leagues
Cigerxwîn or Cegerxwîn (born Sheikhmous Hasan; 1903 – October 22, 1984) was a Kurdish polymath, and nationalist.

1903 births
1984 deaths
Kurdish activists
In mathematics, division by two is when a number is divided by two. Some cultures, like the ancient Egyptians, thought this was a different operation than division. Some mathematicians up until the 16th century (1500-1599) thought this too. Today division by two is handled specially in modern computer programming.

Division by two is also called halving, mediation, and dimidiation.

Binary 

In a binary number system, there are only two digits: 0 and 1. All other numbers are represented with those two digits. For example, "one" is 1, "two" is 10, "three" is 11, "four" is 100, and so on. Most of the time people use a number system with ten digits (the numbers 0 through 9.) This is called the decimal number system.
Division by two in binary is very easy. It is done by dropping the last digit on the right of the number. This is called a "bit shift operation." For example, if we performed a bit shift operation on the binary number 100, we'd get 10. Since binary 100 is decimal 4, and binary 10 is decimal 2, this makes sense.

Another example is performing a bit shift operation on 1101. This would leave us with 110, but we dropped a 1 from the end, not a zero. This also makes sense because 1101 in binary is 13 in decimal. If we divide 13 by 2, we get 6 with a remainder of 1 (we have 1 left over.)

Computers
Computers 

Computers use the binary number system to store information. Information is broken up into tiny pieces called bits. Each bit is either a 0 or a 1. Because of this, the fastest and easiest way for a computer to do division is by a bit shift operations -- division by two. Replacing regular division with bit shifts is a way to do program optimization. (Program optimization is trying to make a program faster and more efficient.)
In computer programming, the symbol >> is sometimes used to show a bit shift operation. In Java, we can ask the computer to do the problem  by writing 19 >> 2. This is the same as writing 19/2. Both of these versions will give us the answer 9. There is a problem when trying to do something a problem like . In Java, if we write -3/2, the computer will tell us the answer is -1. But if we try to do -3 >> 2, the computer will say the answer is -2. This will happen every time we try to do a bit shift operation with one negative number. The reason for this is complicated, and has to do with the way negative binary numbers are saved by the computer.
Even though it is fastest for computers to do division using bit shift operations, most computer code does not do it this way. This is because programmers want their programs to be portable and readable. Portable means that a program can be run on many different kinds of computers and operating systems. Readable means that the source code is easy to read and understand. Most of the time, the compiler (a program that changes source code into 0's and 1's that the computer can understand) will change the division into bit shifts automatically.

References 

Arithmetics
This is a list of ice hockey leagues, both professional and amateur, from around the world.

World
 International Ice Hockey Federation (1908)

North America

Major professional
 National Hockey League (1917) (Canada; United States)

Minor professional

 American Hockey League (1936) (United States; Canada)
 ECHL (1988 as East Coast Hockey League) (United States; Canada)
 Southern Professional Hockey League (2004) (United States)
 Federal Hockey League (2010) (United States)

Semi-Pro
 Liga Mexicana Élite (Mexico)
 Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey (2004) (Canada)

Junior

Major junior
Note: that the Major Junior level is considered professional by some authorities, including the NCAA, as its players earn a small stipend.
Canadian Hockey League (governing authority)
Ontario Hockey League (1933) (Canada; United States)
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (1969) (Canada)
Western Hockey League (1966) (Canada; United States)

Junior A
Junior A

Canadian Junior A Leagues
Canadian Junior Hockey League (governing authority)
Alberta Junior Hockey League
British Columbia Hockey League
Central Canada Hockey League
Quebec Junior AAA Hockey League
Manitoba Junior Hockey League
Maritime Junior Hockey League (1967 as Metro Valley Junior Hockey League; became a junior A league in 1977)
Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League
Ontario Junior Hockey League
Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League
Superior International Junior Hockey League

American Junior A Leagues

Tier I
United States Hockey League (1979)

Tier II
North American Hockey League (2003)

Tier III
Eastern Hockey League (Premier and 19U Elite) (2013) formerly the Atlantic Junior Hockey League (2003)
North American 3 Atlantic Hockey League (1966) formerly the Metropolitan Junior Hockey League (1966–2016)
North American 3 Hockey League (1970) formerly the Central States Hockey League
Rocky Mountain Junior Hockey League (2015)
United States Premier Hockey League (Elite, Premier, USP3) (2013)
United Hockey Union (AAU) Junior Leagues
Canadian Premier Junior Hockey League (2016)
National College Prospects Hockey League (2016)
Western Prospects League (2015)
Western States Hockey League (1994)

Independent Junior Leagues
Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League (2006)
Manitoba Major Junior Hockey League (1970)

Junior B
Canadian Junior B Leagues
Calgary Junior Hockey League
Capital Junior Hockey League
Central Canada Hockey League Tier 2 formerly Eastern Ontario Jr B hockey League
Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League (OHA)
Heritage Junior B Hockey League
Island Junior Hockey League
Keystone Junior Hockey League formerly Manitoba Junior B Hockey LeagueKootenay International Junior Hockey League
Lakehead Junior Hockey League
Ligue de Hockey de La Capitale *
Ligue de Hockey Chaudière-Appalaches Junior AA *
Ligue de Hockey Estrie-Mauricie Junior AA *
Ligue de Hockey Lac St. Louis Junior AA *
Ligue de Hockey Laurentides-Lanaudière Junior AA*
Ligue de Hockey Métropolitaine Junior AA *
Ligue de Hockey Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean Junior AA *
New Brunswick Junior B Hockey League
North Eastern Alberta Junior B Hockey League
North West Junior Hockey League
Nova Scotia Junior Hockey League
Pacific Junior Hockey League
Prairie Junior Hockey League formerly South Saskatchewan Junior B Hockey League, merged with North Saskatchewan Junior B Hockey League
St. John's Junior B Hockey League
Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League(*) Quebec Junior "AA" is roughly equal to Ontario Junior "B"Junior C
Canadian Junior C Leagues
Calgary Junior C Hockey League
Hanover Tache Junior Hockey League
Ligue de Hockey Junior A Bois Francs *
Ligue de Hockey Junior A Rive-Sud *
Ligue Interzone de hockey mineur BC Rive Nord (Junior A)
National Capital Junior Hockey League
New Brunswick Junior B Hockey League
Noralta Junior Hockey League
Nova Scotia Junior C Hockey League
Prince Edward Island Minor Junior Hockey League
Provincial Junior Hockey League 2016-17 - Merging of the Southern Ontario's Jr. C Leagues*Bill Stobbs Division (OHA) - formerly (Great Lakes Junior C Hockey League ) *Central Division (OHA) - formerly (Central Junior C Hockey League)*Empire B Division (OHA) - formerly (Empire B Junior C Hockey League)*Georgian Mid-Ontario Division (OHA) - formerly (Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League)*Niagara & District (OHA) - formerly (Niagara & DistrictJunior C Hockey League)*Pat Doherty Division (OHA) (2013–14) - formerly (Midwestern Junior C Hockey League) *Pollock Division (OHA) - formerly (Western Jr C Hockey League) *Southern Division (OHA) (From Jr D 2013-14) - - formerly (Southern Ontario Junior C Hockey League)
Qu’Appelle Valley Hockey League formerly the Saskatchewan Junior C Hockey League(*) Quebec Junior "A" is roughly equal to Ontario Junior "C"Junior D
Ligue Interzone de hockey mineur BC Rive Nord (Junior B) (Canada) *(*) Quebec Junior "B" is roughly equal to Ontario Junior "D"College
CIS Hockey (Canada)

Canadian Interuniversity Sport (Canada, varsity)
Atlantic University Sport
Canada West Universities Athletic Association
Ontario University Athletics
Quebec Student Sports Federation
Alberta Colleges Athletic Conference
British Columbia Intercollegiate Hockey League

NCAA Hockey (United States)
National Collegiate Athletic Association (United States, varsity)
Atlantic Hockey (Division I, men only)
Big Ten (Division I, men only)
College Hockey America (Division I, women only)
ECAC Hockey (Division I, both sexes)
Hockey East (Division I, both sexes)
National Collegiate Hockey Conference (Division I, men only)
Western Collegiate Hockey Association (Division I, both sexes)
Northeast-10 Conference (Division II)
Eastern College Athletic Conference East (Division III)
Eastern College Athletic Conference Northeast (Division III)
Eastern College Athletic Conference West (Division III)
Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (Division III)
Midwest Collegiate Hockey Association (Division III)
Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (Division III)
Northern Collegiate Hockey Association (Division III)
New England Small College Athletic Conference (Division III)
State University of New York Athletic Conference (Division III)
Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (Division III)Note: The Northeast-10 sponsors a championship for its members that play ice hockey, but the NCAA doesn't currently sponsor a national championship at the Division II level.Non-NCAA Hockey
American Collegiate Hockey Association (United States)
Men's Division 1
Central States Collegiate Hockey League (CSCHL)
College Hockey Mid-America (CHMA)
Eastern Collegiate Hockey Association (ECHA)
Eastern States Collegiate Hockey League (ESCHL)
Great Lakes Collegiate Hockey League (GLCHL)
Northeast Collegiate Hockey League (NECHL)
Western Collegiate Hockey League (WCHL) (2013–14)
Men's Division 2
Colonial States College Hockey Conference (CSCHC)
Atlantic Coast Collegiate Hockey League (ACCHL)
Great Midwest Hockey League (GMHL)
Great Northeast Collegiate Hockey Conference (GNCHC)
Mid-American Collegiate Hockey Association (MACHA) (Gold division)Mid-Atlantic Collegiate Hockey Association (MACHA)
Mountain West Collegiate Hockey League (MWCHL)
Northeast Collegiate Hockey Association (NECHA)
Pacific 8 Intercollegiate Hockey Conference (PAC-8)
Super East Collegiate Hockey League (SECHL)
Tri-State Collegiate Hockey League (TSCHL)
West Coast Hockey Conference (WCHC)
Western Collegiate Club Hockey Association (WCCHA)
Men's Division 3
Blue Ridge Hockey Conference (BRHC)
College Hockey Association (CHA) (Contains Non-ACHA members)College Hockey East (CHE)
Delaware Valley Collegiate Hockey Conference (DVCHC)
Empire Collegiate Hockey Conference (ECHC)
Mason-Dixon Collegiate Hockey Association (MDCHA)
Metropolitan Collegiate Hockey Conference (MCHC) (Contains Non-ACHA members)Michigan Collegiate Hockey Conference (MCHC)
Mid-American Collegiate Hockey Association (MACHA) (Silver division)Indiana Collegiate Hockey Conference (ICHC)
North Central Collegiate Hockey Association (NCCHA)
Southeastern Collegiate Hockey Conference (SECHC)
Southern Collegiate Hockey Conference (SCHC)
Pacific Collegiate Hockey Association (PCHA)
Women's Division 1
Central Collegiate Women's Hockey Association (CCWHA)
Eastern Collegiate Women's Hockey League (ECWHL)
Delaware Valley Collegiate Hockey Conference (DVCHC Women's)
National Collegiate Hockey Association (NCHA)
Upstate New York Club Hockey League (UNYCHL) (CIHA-affiliate)Note: there are also many independent teams in all three ACHA divisions in addition to the many within the hockey conferences and leagues.Junior College