Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The year 1486 was a common year which started on Sunday.

Events
 January 18 – King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York are married, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York after the Wars of the Roses.

1486
1481 was a common year.

Events 
 May 21 – Christian I, King of Denmark and Norway dies and is succeeded by his son John (1481–1513).
 December 26 – Battle of Westbroek: Holland defeats the troops of Utrecht.
1474 was a year starting on a Saturday.

Events 
The Treaty of Utrecht was signed ending the Anglo-Hanseatic War in February

Births 

 Ludovico Ariosto (d. 1533), Italian Poet
 Giulia Farnese (d. 1524) mistress to Pope Alexander VI
 Juan Ponce de Leon (d. 1521), Spanish explorer
 Perkin Warbeck (d. 1499) English Throne Pretender

Deaths 

 Guillaume Dufay, Franco-Flemish Renaissance composer
Births 
 August 5 – Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (d. 19 March, 1330), youngest surviving son of King Edward I of England
The 1040s was a decade that began on 1 January 1040 and ended on 31 December 1049.

Significant people 
 King Macbeth of Scotland (d. 1057)
 Godwin, Earl of Wessex (d. 1053)
 El Cid (b. 1040)
The 1030s is the fourth decade of the 11th century.

Events
Europe 
 1030 – On July 29, during the Battle of Stiklestad of Norway, Olav Haraldsson lost to the people he ruled and is killed in the fight. The people he lost to were called "pagan" because they were not Christian. Later on, Olav is made a saint and is called the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway', or 'King of Norway forever').
 1030 – The city of Kaunas in Lithuania is founded.
 1030 – The city of Tartu in Estonia is founded.
 1030 – Thalwil, Switzerland, is talked about for the first time
 1030 – Henry I of France fights against his father Robert.
 1031 – Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba.
 1031 – Byzantine general George Maniaces captures Edessa.
 1031 – Henry I becomes King of France
 1031 – Bezprym seizes the throne of Poland from Mieszko II Lambert
 1034 – On April 11, Empress Zoe of Byzantium marries her chamberlain and elevates him to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael IV.
1034 – Free County becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire.
 1035 – Harald I becomes King of England.
 1035 – Harthacanute becomes king of Denmark.
 1035 – Magnus I becomes king of Norway.
 1035 – William II (the future William I of England) becomes duke of Normandy.
 1035 – Construction on the cathedral of Saint Sabino begins in Bari.
 1035 – Koper is awarded town rights.
 1036 – Edward the Confessor's younger brother Alfred Aetheling is blinded and murdered in an apparent attempt to seize the throne of England from Harold I.
 June 4, 1039 — Henry III becomes King of Germany. 
 1039 – The Abbey of Bec is founded.
 1039 – Bretislav I of Bohemia invades Poland.
Asia 
 1030 – The Song Dynasty Chinese historian and scholar Ouyang Xiu earned his jinshi degree at the age of 22 by passing the highest level tests in the country. This was his third time to take the test. This degree let him work for the government as a scholar-official.
 1030 – Byzantine Emperor Romanus III attacks Syria.
 1030 – Masud begins to rule the Ghaznavid Empire after the death of his father Mahmud.
 1036 – Emperor Go-Suzaku ascends the throne of Japan.

Other 
 1036 – First appearance of the Flower Sermon in Buddhist literature

Births 
 July 26, 1030 — Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Saint Stanislaw (died 1079)
 1030 – Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders (died 1070)
 1030 – Vsevolod I of Kiev (died 1093)
 1031 – Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of the Kingdom of England
 September 3, 1034 – Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (d. 1073)
Deaths 
 April 30, 1030 — Mahmud of Ghazni
 July 19, 1030 — Adalberon, bishop of Laon
 July 29, 1030 — King Olaf II of Norway (born 995)
 September 30, 1030 — William V, Duke of Aquitaine (born 969)
 July 20, 1031 – King Robert II of France (b. 972) 
 September 2, 1031 – Saint Emeric of Hungary
 July 1–July 3, 1035 — Robert I Duke of Normandy at Bythinian Nicaea while on pilgrimage
 October 18, 1035 — Sancho III of Navarre
 November 4, 1035 — Jaromír, duke of Bohemia
 November 12, 1035 — Canute the Great, King of England, of Denmark, of Norway, some of Sweden, and the territories near the legendary Jomsviking stronghold Jomsburg.
 c. February 5, 1036 – Alfred Aetheling, Anglo-Saxon prince
 May 15, 1036 — Emperor Go-Ichijō of Japan (b. 1008)
 June 12, 1036 — Tedald, Bishop of Arezzo
 June 13, 1036 — Ali Az-Zahir, caliph
 1036 – Sweyn Knutsson, son of Canute the Great
 March 10, 1039 — Eudes of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony
 June 4 – Conrad II (the Elder), Holy Roman Emperor
1039 – Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, Prince of Gwynedd
 1039 – Unsuri, Persian poet
References 

1030s
The 1020s was the third decade of the 11th century.

Events 
 1021 – The Moorish taifa (state) of Valencia (in modern Spain) becomes independent, after being ruled by Slavic soldiers for about ten years.
 1024 – The Salian Dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire is founded by Conrad II.
 1024 – John XIX succeeds his brother as Pope
 1027 – On March 26, Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor. 
 1027 – On May 14, Henri I is crowned king of France at Reims Cathedral.
 1027 – Aldred becomes abbot of Tavistock.
 1027 – Start of the Tibetan calendar.
 1028 – On November 12, dying Emperor Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire marries his daughter Zoe of Byzantium to his chosen heir Romanus Argyrus.
 1028 – On November 15, Romanus Argyrus becomes Eastern Roman Emperor as Romanus III.

Births 
 August 28, 1025 – Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan

References
Births 
 Giordano Bruno (d. 17 February 1600), Italian philosopher, priest, mathematician, and astronomer
 8 July – Kim Jang-saeng (d. 3 August 1631), Korean scholar, politician, and educator

Deaths
 January 23 – Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer (b. 1490)
 February 26 – Lorenzino de' Medici, writer and assassin (b. 1514)
 March 23 – Itagaki Nobukata, Japanese retainer
 March 24 – Gissur Einarsson, first Lutheran bishop in Iceland
 April 1 – King Sigismund I the Old of Poland (b. 1467)
 May 30 – Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin, Mexican Catholic saint (b. 1474)
 June 3 – Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish Catholic bishop of Mexico (b. 1468)
 June 6 – João de Castro, Portuguese explorer (b. 1500)
 June 14 – Carpentras, French composer (b. c. 1470)
 September 8 – Catherine Parr, Sixth and last Queen of Henry VIII of England (b. c. 1512)
 October 27 – Johannes Dantiscus, Polish poet and Bishop of Warmia (b. 1485)
 December 27 – Francesco Spiera, Italian Protestant jurist (b. 1502)
1487 was a common year which started on Monday.

Events
 August – Bartolomeu Dias leaves Lisbon on his voyage to the Cape of Good Hope.

Date unknown
 Aztec emperor Ahuitzotl dedicates the Great Temple Pyramid of Tenochtitlan with thousands of human sacrifices.

Births
 February 7 – Queen Dangyeong, Korean royal consort (d. 1557)
 February 8 – Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1550)
 February 15 – Henry of the Palatinate, bishop of Utrecht (d. 1552)
 April 10 – William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (d. 1559)
 July 5 – Johann Gramann, German theologian (d. 1541)
 July 16 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530)
 July 17 – Ismail I, Shah of Persia (d. 1524)
 August 27 – Anna of Brandenburg, Duchess of Schleswig and Holstein (d. 1514)
 September 10 – Pope Julius III (d. 1555)
 October 5 – Ludwig of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German nobleman (d. 1553)
 November 14 – John III of Pernstein, Bohemian land-owner, Governor of Moravia and Count of Kladsko (d. 1548)
Deaths 
 March 21 – Nicholas of Flüe, Swiss hermit and saint (b. 1417)
 June 16 – John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln (b. c. 1463)
 June 26 – John Argyropoulos, philosopher
 July 16 – Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus (b. 1436)
 September 9 – Chenghua Emperor of China (b. 1447)
 September 14 – Mara Branković, Serbian princess (b. 1416) 
 September 30 – John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1400)
 October 22 – Antonio Bettini, religious writer (b. 1396)
 date unknown
 William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel (b. 1417)
 Tlacaelel, high priest of Tenochtitlán (b. 1397)
The year 1296 was a leap year which started on a Saturday.

Events 
 April 27 – Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated by Edward I of England.

Births 
 August 10: King John I of Bohemia
1293 was a common year.

Births 
 Philip VI of France (died August 22, 1350), King of France
1214 is a year in the 13th century.

Events 
 Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter.
 June 20 – University of Oxford receives its charter.
 July 27 – Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
 Foundation of the German city of Bielefeld.
 The Emperor of Jin China surrenders to the Mongols under Genghis Khan who have been besieging Beijing for a year. He pays a huge ransom and then abandons Northern China, heading for Kaifeng.

Births 
 April 25 – King Louis IX of France (died 1270)
 Isabella of England, daughter of John of England (died 1241)

Deaths 
 September 14 – Albert Avogadro, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (born 1149)
 October 5 – King Alfonso VIII of Castile (born 1155)
 October 31 – Leonora of England, queen of Alfonso VIII of Castile (born 1162)
 December 4 – King William I of Scotland
 John de Gray, bishop of Norwich
 Rostislav II of Kiev (born 1173)
 Vsevolod IV of Kiev
 Rurik Rostislavich, Prince of Novgorod
 Steksys, Grand Prince of Lithuania
Events 
 Donald III of Scotland comes to the throne of Scotland.

Births 
 King Conrad III of Germany
 King Roger II of Sicily

Deaths 
 King Malcolm III of Scotland (b. 1031)
File has several meanings:

 Folder (computing) used to organize documents
 Filing cabinet
 Computer file
 File (tool)
 Filing (legal)
 File (formation) Military term for a single column of men one in front of the other. See also Rank (formation)
 File (chess)
 file (Unix), a program used to determine file types.
 The File menu
 filé culinary ingredient used in Cajun and Creole cooking
Labium (plural labia) is a Latin-derived term meaning "Lip". Labium and its derivatives (including labia, labial, labrum and labellum) are used to describe any lip-like structure, but in the English language, labium often specifically refers to parts of the vulva.

A variant of the word, labellum (plural: labella), is used by people studying entomology and botany.

References

Anatomy of the female reproductive system
Rete testis is a network of small tubules found in the part of the testicle that carries sperm. They can sometimes get cysts.

Purpose 
The rete testis have concentrated sperm and fluid in them, and they help the epididymis to absorb this fluid. If the fluid is not absorbed, the person can be infertile.

Gallery

Other websites 
 Image at UC Davis 
 Diagram 
 Diagram 

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero. Scientific notation does, however, use a minus sign, so '2 BC' is equal to 'year −1'.

Related pages 
 Kofun period
Popular may refer to:

Popularity, the quality of being well-liked
Popular culture
Popular fiction
Popular music
"Popular" (song), by Nada Surf
 "Popular", a song in the musical, Wicked
Popular (TV series), a teenage dramedy on The WB
Popular Holdings, a Singapore-based educational book company
Popular, Inc, a Puerto Rican-based financial services company, also known as Banco Popular
Poplar, a genus of trees, Populus, which includes the cottonwoods, poplars, and aspens
A thing that is used to store information, such as --
vinyl record (also called a "phonograph record" or "gramophone record")
Compact disc
World record, an unsurpassed accomplishment or statistic
Record (computer science)
Record (technical) a document, originated by a qualified person or qualification body, that register or records data, parameters, variables, values and/or measurements pertaining to a specific technical activity.
Administrative records, a collection of documentation pertaining to personal information or transactions or organizational meetings.
 Any document for administrative use
 Vital record of life events
 Business record of economic transactions
 Medical record of a person's medical history and treatments
 Service record, usually associated with military service
 Minutes, a summary of the proceedings at a meeting
 Public record, information that has been filed or recorded by public agencies
Records (album), the 1982 album by rock band Foreigner
The Record (name of a number of newspapers and other publications)
Record (newspaper), a Portuguese sports newspaper.
Récord, a Mexican sports newspaper
The Monarch of the United Kingdom is the head of state of United Kingdom and formal head of Church of England. The current monarch is Charles III who has reigned since 2022. The king is currently the head of the UK and 15 other nations known as the Commonwealth realms.

List of Monarchs of the United Kingdom

House of Stuart
 Anne (In England and Scotland, 1702 – 1707. In Great Britain, 1707 – 1714) First British Monarch.

House of Hanover
  George I (1714 – 1727)
 George II (1727 – 1760)
 George III (1760 – 1820)
 George IV (1820 – 1830) (Regent 1811–1820)
 William IV (1830 – 1837)
 Victoria (1837 – 1901)

House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
The royal household changed its name to Saxe-Coburg-Gotha after Queen Victoria married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, but Victoria stayed part of the House of Hanover. With monarchs it started in 1901. The name was changed in 1917 by George V.

 Edward VII (1901 – 1910)
House of Windsor
In 1917 King George V changed the royal house's name to Windsor because the United Kingdom was at war with Germany and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha is a German name. 

 George V (1910 – 1936, changed name of house in 1917)
 Edward VIII (1936), abdicated
 George VI (1936 – 1952)
 Elizabeth II (1952 – 2022)
 Charles III (2022 – present)

In 1922 Ireland was split into the future Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland stayed part of the United Kingdom. However, the name was not changed until 5 years later and George V continued to be King of Ireland until he died ("of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India").

Lists of British monarchs
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
is a short way of saying of "Costume Play". It is an act of dressing up to look like an anime, manga, video game, Japanese rock,  or K-pop character. A person who does this is called a Cosplayer. 

Cosplay can be divided into two parts, basic cosplay and masquerade cosplay. Both types of cosplay involve trying to physically look like the character, including speaking like the character and memorizing quotes. Masquerading, or "The Masquerade," usually refers to a cosplay competition where cosplayers demonstrate their skills in creating costumes, putting on skits, and in technical matters.

Even though cosplaying comes from Japan, there are a number of cosplay communities in Malaysia, China, the United States, UK, Indonesia, and the Philippines, because of the popularity of Japanese animation, movies, and popular culture in those countries.

Cosplay communities often hold events such as parties and conventions. Some of the best cosplayers can be famous amongst otaku.

References

Anime
Cosplay
A Las Vegas algorithm is an algorithm that uses randomness which has the consequence that the algorithm terminates with probability $p<1$. If the algorithm does terminate then it does so with a correct result (unlike a Monte Carlo algorithm which definitely terminates but with a result that is only correct with probability $p<1$). The algorithm  gambles with the resources used. It may take a very long times to give back a result, or it may not give back a result at all.

A simple example would be a version of the Quicksort. Quicksort is used to quickly sort things (mostly numbers). For this, each element is compared to a central element (called pivot). Depending on how this element is selected the sorting can take more time or less.

Most often, a Las Vegas algorithm is used to pick the pivot randomly.

Randomised algorithms
Game theory
The factorial of a whole number , written as  or , is found by multiplying  by all the whole numbers less than it. For example, the factorial of 4 is 24, because . Hence one can write . For some technical reasons,  is equal to .

Factorials can be used to find out how many possible ways there are to arrange  objects.

For example, if there are 3 letters (A, B, and C), they can be arranged as ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA. That is be 6 choices because A can be put in 3 different places, B has 2 choices left after A is placed, and C has only one choice left after A and B are placed. In other words,  choices.

The factorial function is a good example of recursion (doing things over and over), as  can be written as , which can be written as  and finally as . Because of this,  can also be defined as , with 

The factorial function grows very fast. There are  ways to arrange 10 items.

Applications
Applications 

The earliest uses of the factorial function involve counting permutations: there are  different ways of arranging  distinct objects into a sequence. Factorials appear more broadly in many formulas in combinatorics, to account for different orderings of objects. For instance the binomial coefficients  count the  combinations (subsets of  from a set with  and can be computed from factorials using the formula

Related sequences and functions 

Several other integer sequences are similar to or related to the factorials:

 Alternating factorial
 The alternating factorial is the absolute value of the alternating sum of the first  factorials,  These have mainly been studied in connection with their primality; only finitely many of them can be prime, but a complete list of primes of this form is not known.

Notes 
Factorials are not defined for negative numbers. However, the related gamma function () is defined over the real and complex numbers (except for negative integers).
Related pages 
 Exclamation mark
 Permutation

References

Other websites
 Calculation of Factorial (0≤N≤40000)

Recursion
Mathematics
Combinatorics
Integer sequences
A database is a computer system for storing and taking care of data (any kind of information).

When the software that runs a database is separate from the programs that use the database, it is called a database engine.

Information stored inside a database is usually stored in an organized way. Data about a person that would have been written on a piece of paper before databases would be stored in a record in a database. A collection of person records that would have been an address book before databases would be stored in a file or table.

Uses for database systems 
Uses for database systems include:
 Storing data.
 Searching for specific information within the data.
 Allowing multiple people to look at and change the data at the same time.
 Managing who is allowed to see the data and who can change it.
 Managing rules about the data. A rule might say November has 30 days. This means if someone enters November 31 as a date, this date will be rejected.
Changing data 
In most databases, data can change. This also means, that in many cases, changing the data needs to be done in several steps. This is because the data is often stored in more than one tables or files that need to work together to make sense. In many cases all the steps that are needed for a given change are grouped in what is called a transaction. If something goes wrong, all the steps are undone. Being undone is another way of saying the transaction was rolled back. If all the steps are successful, they can be made a permanent part of the database. People talk about a transaction being committed. Both rollback and commit affect all the steps in a transaction.

The reason why a transaction is rolled back could be that the user or program did not want to finish the change. It could also mean that there is a problem. The database system itself might have a problem during the change. The change might break the rules of the data.
Guarantees about the data 
In order to be able to do this, many databases follow the ACID principle:
 All. Either all tasks of a given set (called a transaction) are done, or none of them is. This is known as Atomicity.
 Complete. The data in the database always makes sense. There is no half-done (invalid) data. This is known as Consistency.
 Independent. If many people work on the same data, they will not see (or impact) each other. Each of them has their own view of the database, which is independent of the others. This is known as Isolation.
 Done. Transactions must be committed, when they are done. Once the committed, they can not be undone. This is known as Durability.
Most relational databases follow the ACID principle. ACID is expensive, which means that it takes the system enough time and other things to do it that it that some systems might not be able to. Because it is expensive, many database systems that are not relational databases don't use the ACID principle.
Around the year 2000, Eric Brewer presented what he called the CAP theorem. It is not as strong as the ACID principle, but many larger, distributed databases use it. Eric Brewer states that any distributed data store can provide only two of the following three guarantees:
 Consistency: Every read gets the result of the most recent write.
 Availability: Every read gets a non-error response, but there is no guarantee that it is the most recent write.
 Partition tolerance: Even if messages are lost, the system continues to work.
When they talked about the CAP theorem, people also often mentioned the term eventual consistency. It means that sooner or later, the data will be consistent, if there's enough time without writes, or errors.
Database model 
There are different ways how to represent the data.
 Simple files (called flat files): This is the most simple form of database system. All the data is stored in a simple file.
 Hierarchical model: The data is organized like a tree. Every piece of data relates to another piece of data that is closer to the root of the tree.
 Network model: This is similar to the hierarchical model, but has much more complex structure. Every piece of data relates to another piece of data, but there is no single root that everything relates to.
 Relational model: This is the most widely used kind of database in business. Data is organized in tables. The tables can be joined together as needed for queries. This model uses set theory and predicate logic.
 Object-oriented model: The data is represented in the form of objects. Software created using object-oriented programming can work easily with the data.
 Object–relational model: This uses parts of both the relational model and the object-oriented model.
NoSQL model: This is a new kind of database model and is increasing being used in the industry in big data and real-time web applications. The data in this model is stored as key-value pairs without any strict hierarchy as in other models. NoSQL systems are also referred to as "Not only SQL" because they are often used without using SQL, but sometimes they can be used with SQL.
Ways to organize the data 
Data can be looked at from different perspectives, and it can be organized in different ways.

Database Normalisation was developed to organize data. Currently there are six Normal forms. These are ways to make some databases faster and make the data take less space.

An example of database normalization is storing a person's address in one place, and linking that address to all the other records about that person. When the address is updated in the one place it is stored, all the other records will be linked to the new address automatically.

References

Related pages 
 Archive
Lichtenfels may refer to:

Places
 Lichtenfels, Hesse in Germany
 Lichtenfels, Bavaria in Germany
 Lichtenfels station
 1. FC Lichtenfels, a German association football club
 Lichtenfels (district) in Bavaria
 Lichtenfels, Greenland, a former settlement

People with the surname
 Friedrich-Karl Freiherr von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels (1907–1940),  German Major in the Luftwaffe during World War II
 Julius Lichtenfels (1884–1968), German fencer
 Eduard Peithner von Lichtenfels (1833–1913), Austrian painter
 Friedrich Wilhelm Scanzoni von Lichtenfels (1821–1891), German gynecologist and obstetrician
  (1885-1977), grandson of Friedrich Wilhelm Scanzoni von Lichtenfels
 Gustav Scanzoni von Lichtenfels (1855–1924), German general of World War I

Ships
 SS Lichtenfels (1929), a heavy lift ship, built for the DDG Hansa shipping company
Neustadt bei Coburg is a German city in the North of Franconia. It has an population of about 17,000. It is near Coburg. Its mayor is Frank Rebhan (SPD).

Sister cities
 Sonneberg, Germany
 Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France
 Member in the City Friendship Neustadt (Newton) in Europe

Traffic
Next important traffic routes are in Coburg.

References

Other websites

Coburg (district)
Kronach is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany, in the Frankenwald area. It is the capital of the district Kronach.

Geography

Place
Kronach is at the southwestern edge of the Franconian Forest. The rivers Haßlach, Kronach and Rodach unite in Kronach.

Town districts
Kronach is divided into the following districts:

 Bernsroth
 Birkach
 Blumau
 Dennach
 Dörfles
 Fischbach
 Friesen
 Gehülz
 Glosberg
 Gundelsdorf
 Höfles
 Kestel
 Knellendorf
 Kreuzberg
 Krugsberg
 Neuses
 Ruppen
 Seelabach
 Seelach
 Stübental
 Vogtendorf
 Vonz
 Wötzelsdorf
 Ziegelerden

Twin towns – sister cities
Kronach is twinned with:
 Hennebont, France
 Kiskunhalas, Hungary
 Rhodt unter Rietburg, Germany

References

Other websites

Official website 

Kronach (district)
Rödental is a German town in the north of Franconia. There are about 14,000 people living in Rödental. Rödental and Coburg have grown together like one city. The mayor of Rödental is Gerhard Preß.

References

Other websites

Coburg (district)
Rocko's Modern Life is an American animated sitcom television series that aired on Nickelodeon from 1993 to 2006. A comic book series based on the cartoon was made by Marvel Comics the following year. The television special, Rocko's Modern Life: Static Cling was released in 2019.

Its characters included an Australian wallaby named Rocko, his dog Spunky, his best friend Heffer, a turtle named Filbert, and his not-so-friendly neighbors Mr. and Mrs. Bighead. The show's story line was based on Rocko's everyday life.

Rocko was voiced by Carlos Alazraqui.

1993 American television series debuts
1990s American animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
1996 American television series endings
American children's television series
Adult animated television series
English-language television programs
Jörð (or Jord) is a giantess (jötun) and goddess in Norse mythology. Her name means "earth". She is also called Fjörgyn.

Jörð is the wife of Odin, king of the gods, and the mother of Thor. Her parents are Annar and Nótt.

Snorri Sturluson says Jörð was included among the Asynjur.  Her name occurs most often in Skaldic and Eddic poetry in phrases that refer to Thor as "the son of Jörð".  There is some confusion, however, because in some parts of the Poetic Edda the word "Fjörgyn" appears in phrases referring to Thor, such as in the poem "Voluspa", where Thor is described as "the son of Fjörgyn".  Scholars explain the confusion by pointing out that Fjörgyn, as an Old Norse noun, means "earth" when used in the feminine form.

Norse gods and goddesses
Asgard (Old Norse: Ásgarðr - “Enclosure of the Æsir; Court of the Ás”) is one of the Nine Realms in Norse mythology, home to the tribe of deities known as the Æsir. Asgard lies at the top of Yggdrasill’s highest branches, and the only thing connecting Asgard to Midgard is the mystical rainbow bridge Bifröst. 

At the center of Asgard lies the bountiful field of Iðavöllr; there the Æsir meet to feast, make revelry, and discuss important issues. The male gods meet in a hall called Glaðsheimr, the goddesses in the hall Vingólf. *According to the poem Grímnismál (as found in the Poetic Edda), Glaðsheimr is the field in which Valhalla was located.

Popular Culture
In the science fiction series Stargate SG-1 and its spinoff series, Stargate Atlantis, "Asgard" is the name of a highly advanced, fictional race of beings who are extraterrestrial in origin.
Asgard appears frequently in Marvel Comics. Similar to the original mythological location, it is one of the Nine Realms, home to a race of beings known as the Asgardians, whom the Germanic peoples (in particular Norsemen) once worshipped as gods. It is often seen and referenced in both film, and television shows.

Spellings
Other spellings: Ásgard, Ásegard, Ásgardr, Asgardr, Ásgarthr, Ásgarth, Asgarth, Ásgardhr
 Common Swedish and Danish form: Asgård
 Norwegian: Åsgard (also Åsgård, Asgaard)
 Icelandic, Faroese: Ásgarður

Norse mythology
Midgard is an old Germanic name for our world. Midgard means "middle enclosure". It is where the term "Middle Earth" comes from. The term is an English version of the Old Norse language.

Old Norse 
Midgard is a realm in Norse mythology. It is the home of mortals. Midgard is surrounded by a world of water or ocean. The ocean is inhabited by the great sea serpent Jörmungandr. It is a world between Asgard, the land of the gods (Aesir) and Helheim (Hel), the land of the dead. Midgard was connected to Asgard by the Bifrost Bridge, which is guarded by the god Heimdall.

According to mythology, Midgard will be destroyed in Ragnarök, the battle at the end of the world. Jörmungandr will arise from the ocean. He will poison the land and sea. The final battle will take place on the plain of Vigrond. Midgard and almost all life on it will be destroyed, with the earth sinking into the sea.

Places in Norse mythology
Alien is a 1979 British-American science fiction–horror movie directed by Ridley Scott. It is called a science fiction movie because the story takes place in outer space, and there are alien creatures.  The movie's title refers to a highly aggressive (angry) and intelligent extraterrestrial (alien creature) that attacks and kills the crew of the spaceship Nostromo. The movie stars Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Ripley, Tom Skerritt as Captain Dallas, and Ian Holm as Ash.

The extraterrestrials in the movies are usually called Xenomorphs.

Alien was a box office success (it made a lot of money). It led to a successful Hollywood franchise of books, video games, merchandise, and three official sequels (follow-ups). Along with launching the career of actress Sigourney Weaver, the movie is credited as being the first action movie to have a strong female heroine.
There are three sequels to this movie: Aliens (1986), Alien³ (1992), Alien: Resurrection (1997), and a cross-overs: Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007).

The famous tagline (slogan) for the movie was: In space no one can hear you scream.

Other websites 
 
 Executive producer Ron Shusett on making Alien - video interviews and transcript

1979 horror movies

1970s English-language movies
1979 science fiction movies
20th Century Fox movies
Alien movies
American monster movies
British science fiction movies
British horror movies
Movies set on fictional planets
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Movies directed by Ridley Scott
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
Saturn Award winning movies
Isabella of Castile (22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504) was a queen of Castile and León. She was the daughter of John II of Castile and his second wife Isabel of Portugal. 

Her brother, Enrique IV, who was the king of Castile, wanted her to marry her off. She wanted to marry someone from Portugal to make a political ally. She secretly married Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469, and had five children with him.  The youngest was Catherine of Aragon, who married Henry VIII of England in 1509. Isabella was the grandmother of Carlos I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor).
When Isabella’s brother died, she was supposed to be the new queen. Her brother Enriques’s daughter, Juana, wanted to become queen instead. After a war, Isabella became queen. At the same time, Isabella’s husband, Ferdinand, became king of Aragon. They united the lands of Castile and Aragon into present-day Spain. Isabella helped pay for four of Christopher Columbus’ trips to find the Americas. In their time, the Americas were called “The New World”. She signed a truce in 1492 that made Spain a Christian country. After she died, her daughter Joanna of Castile became queen.

References

 Weissberger,Barbara, 2008. Queen Isabel I of Castile: power, patronage, persona. Tamesis, Woodbridge, p.20-21.
 Boruchoff, David A. 2003. Isabel la Católica, Queen of Castile: critical essays. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 

Kings and Queens of Spain
1451 births
1504 deaths
The Xinhai Revolution was a revolution in China in 1911. It consisted of many revolts and rebellions. At the end of the Xinhai Revolution the last emperor, Puyi, abdicated. China changed from a monarchy to a republic.

Revolutions
20th-century rebellions
Rebellions in Asia
20th century in China
1911
Basque might mean:
Anything related to Basque Country (greater region), a region in southwestern Europe within France and Spain
Basque people, the people from that region
Basque language, spoken in the Basque Country
Basque (clothing), a type of garment for women
Sonneberg is a German city in the south of Thuringia. The nearest large city is Coburg. The population of Sonneberg is about 20,000 people. The mayor of the city is Sibylle Abel.

Sister cities
 , Göppingen
 , Neustadt bei Coburg

Sights

Museums
 Schlauaquarium Nautiland
 Heimattiergarten
 German Toy Museum
 Astronomiemuseum

Buildings
 Sternwarte
 Citychurch St.Peter
 Militarychuch St. Aegidien
 Old City hall
 New City hall
 House of AOK
 Main station

Regular meetings
 International Jazz Days of Sonneberg
 Sonneberger Vogelschießen
 Sonneberger Kneipenfest
 Sonneberger Musikmeile
 Doll Theater Weeks
 International Doll Festival (with Neustadt bei Coburg)
 City festival

Traffic
 B 89 Konach-Meiningen
 A 73 Nürnberg-Coburg-Suhl about  away from Sonneberg there is the Connectionpoint Neustadt bei Coburg-Sonneberg. It is next to Coburg.
 With the train to Coburg and to Eisenach
 Next airports in Coburg and Suhl

References

Sonneberg Rural District
Hildburghausen is a German town in the south of Thuringia. The next towns in size are Suhl and Coburg. Its population is ca. 13,000. Its mayor is Steffen Harzer.

Sister cities
 Pelhřimovin
 Würselen (Germany)

References

Other websites

  

Verwaltungsgemeinschaftfrei towns in Hildburghausen
Haßfurt (; English: Hassfurt) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the Haßberge district. It is on the river Main, 20 km east of Schweinfurt and 30 km northwest of Bamberg.

References

Haßberge (district)
Eisfeld is a German city in the south of Thuringia. The next bigger cities are Hildburghausen and Coburg. Its population is about 6,000. The current mayor is Kerstin Heintz.

Sister cities
 Ahorn (Germany)
 Ham (France)

Traffic
 B 4 Nürnberg-Coburg-Erfurt-Hamburg
 A 73 Nürnberg-Coburg-Suhl

The next important airports and train stations are in Coburg

References

Other websites

  

Verwaltungsgemeinschaftfrei towns in Hildburghausen
Bad Colberg-Heldburg is a German city in the south of Thuringia. It is near the Franconian city of Coburg. The population is 2,260. The mayor is Anita Schwarz. Before 1993, there were eight different municipalities (villages, cities) that merged into the current city.

Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Heldburg.

References

Other websites 

 Bad Colberg-Heldburg official city website

Former municipalities of Germany
Heldburger Unterland Verwaltungsgemeinschaft
Schleusingen is a town in the district of Hildburghausen, in Thuringia, Germany. It is  north of Hildburghausen, and  southeast of Suhl.

The population of Schleusingen is about 6,000. The mayor of the city is Klaus Brodführer.

Sister city 
 , Plettenberg

Traffic 
 A 73 Coburg-Suhl
 The next important train stations and airports are in Coburg and Suhl.

References

Other websites

 Schleusingen on the net

Verwaltungsgemeinschaftfrei towns in Hildburghausen
Ummerstadt is a German city in the south of Thuringia. Larger cities nearby are Hildburghausen and Coburg. With a population of 527, it's one of the smallest towns in Germany. The mayor of Ummerstadt is Christine Bardin.

References

Other websites

Heldburger Unterland Verwaltungsgemeinschaft
Seßlach is a German city in the north of Franconia. The nearest large cities are Coburg and Ebern. The population of Seßlach is about 4,000. The mayor of the city is Hendrik Dressel. The movies Luther and Der Räuber Hotzenplotz were made there.

References

Other websites

Coburg (district)
Ebern is a town in Haßberge, Bavaria, Germany. It is  southwest of Coburg and  northwest of Bamberg. Its population is about 8,000. Its mayor is Robert Herrmann.

Its name comes from , the German word for boar.

Villages of Ebern
The borough of Ebern covers an area of  within which are 18 villages as well as the town of Ebern itself.

Creation legend 
The legend is that one day two hunters were chasing a wild boar. It was finally hit, but with two spears, one from each of the hunters. They could not decide who threw the spear that caused the boar to die. The boar finally broke down exactly at the border between Seßlach and Ebern, with its head in Ebern, and its body in Seßlach, so they divided it. That is why the town Ebern is named after the boar, and the town's flag carries the head of the boar.

References

Haßberge (district)
Bad Staffelstein is a small town in the Bavarian Administrative Region of Upper Franconia in Germany. It has about 10,000 residents.

Geography

Location
The municipal territory of Bad Staffelstein extends on both sides of the Main river. It is northeast of Bamberg in Lichtenfels.

Subdivisions
Bad Staffelstein consists of the following Stadtteile:

References

The information in this article is based on a translation of its German equivalent.

Further reading

Antiquarian
Heinrich Karl, Staffelsteiner Chronik. Staffelstein 1905.
Modern
 Karl-Ludwig Ostertag-Henning,  Der Apfelbaum im Gottesgarten. Staffelstein 1998, 
 Bildende Kunst in Staffelstein. Hrsg. vom Arbeitskreis Kunst der Kultur-Initiative Staffelstein. Volume 1. Staffelstein 2000, 
 Günter Dippold und Alfred Meixner (Hrsg.), Staffelsteiner Lebensbilder. Staffelstein 2000, 
 Günter Dippold, Bad Staffelstein. Kleinod im Gottesgarten am Obermain.  Stuttgart 2001, 
 Bildende Kunst in Staffelstein. Hrsg. vom Arbeitskreis Kunst der Kultur-Initiative Staffelstein. Volume 2. Bad Staffelstein 2002,

Other websites

 

Spa towns in Germany
Lichtenfels (district)
Ludwigsstadt is a town in Kronach, in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.

Geography
It is in the valley of the Loquitz River, a tributary of the Saale, in the Thuringian-Franconian Highlands of the Thuringian Slate Mountains and the Franconian Forest mountain ranges. Being  north of Kronach, the Bavarian border with the state of Thuringia runs about  north of the town centre, with Thuringian Saalfeld in a distance of c.  down the Loquitz. Ludwigsstadt is the only municipality of the State of Bavaria north of the Rennsteig ridge.

References

Kronach (district)
Teuschnitz () is a town in Kronach, in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the Frankenwald, 19 km north of Kronach, and 15 km east of Sonneberg.

References

Kronach (district)
Wallenfels is a town in Kronach, in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the Frankenwald, 11 km east of Kronach, and 32 km west of Hof.

It is a twin town of Bingham, Nottinghamshire, England.

Geography
Wallenfels is on the B 173, between Hof and Coburg. Bordering communities are Kronach, Marktrodach, Schwarzenbach am Wald, and Presseck.

References

Kronach (district)
Steinach is a German ski city in the south of Thuringia. Larger cities nearby are Coburg and Sonneberg. The population of Steinach is about 4,500 people. The mayor of the city is Ulrich Kurtz.

References

Other websites
Lauscha is a German city in Thuringia. Next bigger cities are Sonneberg and Coburg. Its population is ca 4,000. Its mayor is Norbert Zitzmann.

Lauscha is in the middle of the Thuringian forest.

References

Other websites

Sonneberg Rural District
Neuhaus am Rennweg is a German ski city in the south of Thuringia. Bigger cities close by are Sonneberg and Coburg. Its population is about 6,000. Its mayor is Marianne Reichelt.

References

Other websites

Sonneberg Rural District
Themar is a town in the district of Hildburghausen, in the south of Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Werra, 11 km northwest of Hildburghausen, and 14 km southwest of Suhl.

It was first named in 796 as Tagamari and today Themar consists out of the districts Wachenbrunn and Tachbach, with a population of about 2,900 inhabitants. The town church is the St Bartholomew's Church. 
The mayor of Themar since 2000 is Hubert Böse.

Main sights 
 St Bartholomew's Church
 St. John's Church
 defensive wall
 town hall
 market place
Notable people
 Adam Werner (1462–1537), Humanist, teacher, poet, lawyer and professor of theology at the university in Heidelberg
 Johannes Haym (16th century), Cathedral vicar in Augsburg, author and publisher of hymns
 Joachim Zehner („Decimator“) (1566–1612), Founder of the „Zehnerschen Bibliothek“ in Schleusingen
 Johann Trier (1716–1790), Organist and composer
 Johann Friedrich Fuchs (1774–1828), Medical doctor
 Eduard Gottlieb Amthor (1820–1884), School principal, publisher, bookseller and writer
 Karl Pfauter (1905–1993), Diplomat
 Karl-Heinz Löffler (1927–2016), Soccer player
 Karl Blau (1930–1994), Politician in DDR
 Claus Oefner (1938–2017), Musician
 Gernot Güntherodt (* 1943), Professor for physics
Sustainability
In the last 5 years Themar has invested in sustainable energy production systems. A small local heat network was installed with a cogeneration unit of 15 kW electric and 30 kW thermal energy. Also photovoltaics (6 kWp) and a heat pump (20 kW) which is using the water and thermal energy from the river Werra have been established. These renovations were completed in March 2019. In total Themar is saving carbon dioxide emissions of 14,200 kg per year.

References

Other websites

Towns in Thuringia
Verwaltungsgemeinschaftfrei towns in Hildburghausen
Schalkau is a German town in the south of Thuringia. Schalkau is in the district of Sonneberg, in Thuringia, Germany. It is  west of Sonneberg, and  north of Coburg.

The population of Schalkau is about 3,500. The mayor of the city is Rheinhard Zehner.

The former municipality Bachfeld was merged into Schalkau on 31 December 2019.

References

Other websites

Sonneberg Rural District
Römhild is a German city in the south of Thuringia. The next bigger cities are Hildburghausen and Coburg. Its population is about 2,000. It is the county seat of the Gleichberge verwaltungsgemeinschaft

References

Other websites

Verwaltungsgemeinschaft in Hildburghausen
A mutant can be:

 an organism with genetic changes, see Mutation

 Mutant (Marvel), fictional mutants from Marvel Comics
Mily Alexanyevich Balakirev (born Nizhny-Novgorod 2 January 1837; died St Petersburg 29 May 1910) was a Russian composer. His music sounds very Russian, and he was a very important influence on other Russian composers such as Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Borodin and César Cui. These five composers were known as the “Mighty Handful”. Balakirev mainly wrote music for orchestra, choir and piano and solo songs.

Russian composers
Romantic composers
People from Nizhny Novgorod
1837 births
1910 deaths
Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French composer and music critic. He was one of the greatest composers of the 19th century. His music is typical of the Romantic period: full of passion and often based on ideas outside music. He was not particularly good at playing any instrument, but he was brilliant at writing for the orchestra. Some of his most famous works include several orchestral overtures, the Symphonie Fantastique, the opera Les Troyens (The Trojans), the requiem Grande messe des morts and the song cycle Les nuits d'été (Summer Nights). He was very original as a composer, and his music was not fully appreciated until many years after his death.

Life

Childhood and student days 

Berlioz was the eldest of six children. One brother and one sister lived to be adults, and Berlioz was always very fond of them both. His father was a doctor. The family lived in the country, north west of Grenoble.
Berlioz started going to the Opéra. He particularly liked the music of Gluck and went to the library to study Gluck’s scores. At the end of 1822 he found a good teacher. His name was Le Sueur. He made Berlioz stop publishing his music until he had learned to compose properly. In 1826 he was officially a student at the Conservatoire. He continued to study with Le Sueur and with Reicha. He tried four times to win the important music prize called Prix de Rome. The first time he wrote a piece called La Mort d’Orphée (The Death of Orpheus). The judges said it was unplayable, but Berlioz got an orchestra to play it. The second time he wrote a piece called Herminie which had a tune he used later as the main tune for his Symphonie fantastique. The third time he wrote a cantata La mort de Cléopâtre which is a wonderful work but he still did not win the prize. The fourth time he wrote a cantata La mort de Sardanapale, and he won the prize. Nearly all the music for this work is now lost.
Berlioz did not understand any English, but he went to a performance of Shakespeare’s Hamlet given by an English theatre company. The actress taking the part of Ophelia was called Harriet Smithson. Berlioz fell passionately in love with her, although he did not know her, and started following her about everywhere. In the end he married her. The marriage was not a success. Berlioz was really in love with Ophelia, the character from Shakespeare’s play. He found it hard to love Harriet in real life.

Shakespeare’s plays, however, were to be a great inspiration for Berlioz. He wrote many works which are inspired by Shakespeare, including Roméo et Juliette, Béatrice et Bénédict, Roi Lear and several others. He was also inspired at this time by Goethe’s Faust as well as by many other writers including E.T.A. Hoffmann, Scott and Byron. He also discovered the music of Beethoven which helped him to learn how to give shape to large compositions.
Berlioz started to be very busy putting on concerts of his music in Paris. He was quickly becoming known as a very original young composer. Winning the Prix de Rome gave him a steady income for a time, but he was supposed to go to Rome. Berlioz did not want to go to Rome. He said that he had plenty of work in Paris. The real reason why did not want to go was probably because he was in love with a 19- year-old girl called Camille Moke.
.
The 1830s 
Berlioz spent 15 months in Rome. On his way there he visited his parents who seemed to have forgiven him for not studying medicine. They could now be proud because their son was so successful. In Italy Berlioz did not write much music. He did not like Italian music or Italian art, but he was inspired by the countryside, the sun, the sea, the people he met: sailors, peasants, sculptors, travellers. He did not like the city of Rome, although he did like Florence. He hated the Villa Medici, the house where he had to stay. When he travelled about he wrote some music. When he heard the news that Camille now loved another man he became so furious that he left Rome in order to return to Paris to kill them both. However, when he got as far as Nice he calmed down and changed his mind. He returned to Rome.