Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Atlantic Wall Commands
The Atlantic Wall was not a single organisation except in the administration of its building. Militarily it was divided into eight commands:
 Norway Army Command
 Forces Commander in Danmark
 Deutschen Bucht Command
 Wehrmacht Netherlands Command
 Armee Oberkommando 15 (15th Army zone)
 Armee Oberkommando 7 (7th Army zone)
 Armee Oberkommando 1 (1st Army zone)
 Armee Oberkommando 19 (19th Army zone)

Atlantic Wall Fortresses
Many major ports and positions were made part of the Atlantic wall and received heavy fortifications, Hitler ordered them all to fight to the end  and some of them remained in German hands until the unconditional surrender of Axis Forces on May 8, 1945. Several of the port fortresses were resupplied by submarine after being surrounded by Allied forces. The defenders of these positions included Slavic soldiers and SS troops.

References
References 

German Publication (PhD) in military history
Dr. Thorsten Heber: Der Atlantikwall 1940–1945. Band I Die Befestigung der Küsten West- und Nordeuropas im Spannungsfeld nationalsozialistischer Kriegführung und Ideologie. 564 Seiten, 157 Bildtafeln mit 535 Abb. BoD 2008, .
Dr. Thorsten Heber: Der Atlantikwall 1940–1945. Band II Die Invasion – Die Atlantikfestungen 1944/45 – Der Atlantikwall in Deutschland, Dänemark, Norwegen – Kompendium Regelbauten. 504 Seiten, 196 Bildtafeln mit 670 Abb. BoD 2008, .

Further reading 
Kauffmann, J.E. and Jurga, Robert M. Fortress Europe: European Fortifications of World War II, Da Capo Press, 2002.

Other websites
Other websites 

 AtlantikWall.co.uk
 AtlantikWall.dk
 The defences of the Atlantikwall at Omaha Beach 
 Atlantikwall.fr
 Atlantikwall.net 
 The Atlantikwall in Denmark
 Bunkertypes, maps, museums and others 
 The Atlantic Wall Linear Museum 
 Britannica Online
 Museumscenter Hanstholm 
 Kristiansand Cannon Museum 
 Vara Battery (Kristiansand, Norway)
 Fortress Alderney 
 Information site about the Atlantikwall in the Netherlands, Haagse Bunker Ploeg 
 Atlantikwall Museum Noordwijk, Site about the Atlantikwall Museum Noordwijk in the Netherlands
 Information about the open air museum in Ostend, Belgium. 
 Festung Europa : Bunkers in the Atlantikwall 
 Places of interest for the war tourist along Hitlers Atlantic Wall in Denmark and Norway (English)
 Fortifications in Denmark and Europe through a thousand years (Danish) 
 The Atlantic Wall in North Brittany (Bretagne Nord), France. Shore & Beach, 2004, 72:4 10–12

Alderney
Fortifications of World War II
Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant, and opponent of the Nazi regime. If a plan to kill Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944 had succeeded, Goerdeler would have served as the Chancellor of the new government.

He was mayor of Leipzig from 1930 to 1937.

Goerdeler was executed by hanging.

1884 births
1945 deaths
German civil servants
Executed German people
German Lutherans
German mayors (Weimar Republic)
German military personnel of World War I
German people of World War II
Nazi German politicians
People executed by hanging
People from former German territories
Victims of Nazism
Escherichia is a genus of bacteria. They are named after the German doctor, Theodor Escherich, who discovered Escherichia coli, a bacterium common in human intestines. Escherichia is similar to Enterobacter.

Gram-negative bacteria
Portage la Prairie is a city in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The population of Portage la Prairie was 12,728 at the 2006 census and is the 4th largest city in the province of Manitoba. The mayor of Portage la Prairie is Earl Porter. Portage la Prairie is the sister city of Plant City, Florida in the United States.

Name origins
The name comes from the French word portage, which means to carry a canoe overland and between waterways. In this case the "portage" would have been between the Assiniboine River and Lake Manitoba, over la prairie.

References

Other websites 
City of Portage la Prairie - Official city website.

Cities in Manitoba
Bad Boys II is an American action and comedy movie from 2003. It stars Martin Lawrence and Will Smith as police officers working for the Miami Police Department. The officers are on a mission to dissolve an ecstasy trafficking organization.

It is a sequel to the 1995 movie Bad Boys.

The movie received mostly negative reviews.

Release Dates

Other websites

 
 

2003 movies
Columbia Pictures movies
A fire hose is a big flexible tube that is easy to bend. It is used to bring water from a pump to put on a fire at a high intensity. Because the water is under high pressure, all fire hoses must be very strong. They come in several sizes.
Firefighting
Neopterygii is a group of fish. Neopterygii means "new fins". 

There are only few changes during their evolution from the earlier actinopterygians. They appeared somewhere in the Late Permian, before the time of the dinosaurs. The Neopterygii is a very successful group of fishes, because they can move more rapidly than their ancestors. Their scales and skeletons began to lighten during their evolution, and their jaws became more powerful and efficient.

The following diagram explains their relationship to the teleosts. Almost all modern fish are teleosts.

Evolution and diversity

Classification
Order †Pholidopleuriformes
 Order †Redfieldiiformes
 Order †Platysiagiformes
 Order †Polzbergiiformes
 Order †Perleidiformes
 Order †Louwoichthyiformes
 Order †Peltopleuriformes
 Order †Luganoiiformes
 Order †Pycnodontiformes
 Infraclass Holostei
 Clade Halecomorphi
 Order †Parasemionotiformes
 Order †Panxianichthyiformes
 Order †Ionoscopiformes
 Order Amiiformes, the bowfin
 Clade Ginglymodi
 Order †?Dapediiformes
 Order †Semionotiformes
 Order Lepisosteiformes, the gars
 Clade Teleosteomorpha
 Order †Prohaleciteiformes
 Order †Aspidorhynchiformes
 Order †Pachycormiformes
 Infraclass Teleostei
 Order †?Araripichthyiformes
 Order †?Ligulelliiformes
 Order †?Tselfatiiformes
 Order †Pholidophoriformes
 Order †Dorsetichthyiformes
 Order †Leptolepidiformes
 Order †Crossognathiformes
 Order †Ichthyodectiformes
 Superorder Osteoglossomorpha
 Order †Lycopteriformes
 Order Osteoglossiformes, the bony-tongued fishes
 Order Hiodontiformes, including the mooneye and goldeye
 Superorder Elopomorpha
Order Elopiformes, including the ladyfishes and tarpon
 Order Albuliformes, the bonefishes
 Order Notacanthiformes, including the halosaurs and spiny eels
 Order Anguilliformes, the true eels
 Order Saccopharyngiformes, including the gulper eel
 Superorder Clupeomorpha
 Order †Ellimmichthyiformes
 Order Clupeiformes, including herrings and anchovies
 Superorder Ostariophysi
 Order †Sorbininardiformes
 Order Gonorynchiformes, including the milkfishes
 Order Cypriniformes, including barbs, carp, danios, goldfishes, loaches, minnows, rasboras
 Order Characiformes, including characins, pencilfishes, hatchetfishes, piranhas, tetras.
 Order Gymnotiformes, including electric eels and knifefishes
 Order Siluriformes, the catfishes
 Superorder Lepidogalaxii
 Order Lepidogalaxiiformes, the salamanderfish
 Superorder Protacanthopterygii
 Order Argentiniformes, including the barreleyes and slickheads (formerly in Osmeriformes)
 Order Salmoniformes, including salmon, Arctic char, and trout
Order Esociformes, the pikes and mudminnows
 Order Galaxiiformes, the galaxiids
 Order Osmeriformes, including the smelts
 Superorder Stenopterygii (may belong in Protacanthopterygii)
 Order Ateleopodiformes, the jellynose fish
 Order Stomiiformes, including the bristlemouths and marine hatchetfishes
 Superorder Cyclosquamata (may belong in Protacanthopterygii)
 Order Aulopiformes, including the Bombay duck, tripod fish, and lancetfishes
 Superorder Scopelomorpha
 Order Myctophiformes, including the lanternfishes
 Superorder Lampridiomorpha
 Order Lampriformes, including the oarfish, opah and ribbonfishes
 Superorder Polymyxiomorpha
 Order †Pattersonichthyiformes
 Order †Ctenothrissiformes
 Order Polymixiiformes, the beardfishes
 Superorder Paracanthopterygii
 Order Percopsiformes, including the cavefishes and trout-perches
 Order †Sphenocephaliformes
 Order Batrachoidiformes, the toadfishes
 Order Lophiiformes, including the anglerfishes
 Order Gadiformes, including cods
Order Ophidiiformes, including the pearlfishes
 Superorder Acanthopterygii
 Order Mugiliformes, the mullets
 Order Atheriniformes, including silversides and rainbowfishes
 Order Beloniformes, including the flying fishes
 Order Cetomimiformes, the whalefishes
 Order Cyprinodontiformes, including live-bearers, killifishes
 Order Stephanoberyciformes, including the ridgeheads and gibberfishes
 Order Beryciformes, including the fangtooths and pineconefishes
 Order Zeiformes, including the dories
 Order Gobiesociformes, the clingfishes
 Order Gasterosteiformes including sticklebacks
 Order Syngnathiformes, including the seahorses and pipefishes
 Order Synbranchiformes, including the swamp eels
 Order Tetraodontiformes, including the sunfish, filefishes and pufferfish
 Order Pleuronectiformes, the flatfishes
 Order Scorpaeniformes, including scorpionfishes and the sculpins
 Order Perciformes 40% of all fish including anabantids, bass, cichlids, gobies, gouramis, mackerel, perches, scats, whiting, wrasses
References 

 Gardiner, B. G. (1993). "Osteichtythyes: basal actinopterygians". Fossil Record II.
 Nelson, Joseph, S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.

Ray-finned fish
Holostei are bony fish that show primitive characteristics. There are eight species divided among two orders, the Amiiformes represented by a single living species, the bowfin (Amia calva), and the Lepisosteiformes, the gars. There are more species to be found in the fossil record.

Ray-finned fish
Reñaca is a Chilean area of many beaches. It is at the north of Viña del Mar, Chile.

Overview 
There are many balnearios with some very good restaurants and recreational activities, specially in summer on the beach.

Education 
There are two universities:
 Universidad Andrés Bello (Reñaca headquarter)
 Universidad de Valparaíso (only the Faculty of Marine Sciences)

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 Recreative Tourism in Reñaca  

Geography of Chile
Valparaíso Region
Silverstone is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is about  from Towcester on the former A43 main road,  from the M1 motorway junction 15A and about  from the M40 motorway junction 10, Northampton, Milton Keynes and Banbury.  The A43 now bypasses to the south-east of the village, between the village and the race circuit.

History 
The village is listed in the Domesday Book.

In the Middle Ages the village trade was primarily in timber from the surrounding Whittlewood forest, through the use of coppicing. Coppicing is a method of managing a forest. It allows trees to regrow after they have been cut down.

Parish church
Parish church 

The first chapel in Silverstone was built by 1200 AD. In about 1780 the mediaeval building was replaced by a Georgian building. That building was enlarged in 1841 and 1852. The entire church was demolished (torn down) in the 1880's and replaced by the present Church of England parish church of Saint Michael. The building is a Gothic Revival designed by JP St Aubyn. It was finished in 1884.

Facilities 
The village has a public house, the White Horse Inn.

About  south of the village is the Silverstone Circuit. It was a Royal Air Force bomber base during World War II. Now it is the home of the British Grand Prix, a Formula One race. The race track attracts more than 300,000 visitors each year.

References

Further reading

Other websites 

Villages in Northamptonshire
Rasmus Lindgren (born 29 November 1984 in Landskrona,Sweden) is a Swedish footballer who  plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. Before he went to Red Bull in the summer of 2011, he played for AFC Ajax Amsterdam and FC Groningen in the Dutch Eredivisie.

Career
He started with his local team  Landskrona BoIS and went on to Ajax Amsterdams youth team in 2003. He became member of Ajax´ first squad in 2005. He played four times and then he came to FC Groningen on loan. After this he signed with Groningen and played 84 matches for the team. In January 2008 he came back to Ajax and became a regular player in the next two seasons. But injuries and the chance of the playing system under the coaches Martin Jol and Frank de Boer made him to a  substitute player. So he went on to Red Bull Salzburg in 2011.

International
After making 9 appearances in the U21 team, he made his debut for Sweden on 19 November 2008, in a 3–1 defeat to the Netherlands.

Honours
Ajax
Eredivisie (1): 2010-11
Swedish footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
San Sebastián University (Universidad San Sebastián) is a private university in Chile with headquarters in Santiago. Some faculties are in Concepción, Puerto Montt and other cities of Chile.

History 
It was founded and established in 1989, state-recognized in 2001.

Faculties 
 Architecture
 Art and Design
 Health Sciences
 Social Sciences
 Law
 Business & Economy
 Engineering & Technology
 Veterinary medicine
 Medicine & Nursing
 Dental & Medical Technology
 Education

Other websites 
 Universidad San Sebastián official website 

Private Chilean universities
Colleges and universities in Santiago de Chile
1989 establishments in Chile
Colleges and universities in Concepción
An adulterant is a chemical substance that should not be present in other substances, like food, drinks or fuels. Adulterants are often added to more expensive substances to increase the visible quantity. The word is used when the addition is unwanted by the recipient of the product. Chemical substances that are added to food or drinks for a purpose are called food additives. When substances are added to (illegal) drugs, these are often called cutting agents.

Foods
Google+ was a social networking website owned and operated by Google. Google+ was opened to people with an invitation on April 28, 2008 for testing. The next day the July 3, 2015, people with accounts were allowed to invite friends to the service. This was stopped within a day after there was "insane demand" for accounts.

Google+ is made to work with different Google social services such as Google Profiles and Google Buzz. It also has features including Circles, Hangouts, Sparks and Huddles. It has been said that this is Google's biggest attempt to rival the social network Facebook.

On October 8, 2018, Google said they were going to shut down Google+ by the end of August 2019. This is because a software bug in Google+ let people see the data of hundreds of thousands of users. They later moved the shut down date to April 2, 2019 after discovering yet another bug.
Growth
On 14 July 2011, Google said that Google+ had 10 million users two weeks after it was opened to people with invitations. After three weeks, Google+ had 20 million users. The Google+ iPhone app was the most popular free application in the Apple App Store less than a day after it was added to the store.

Features
 "Circles" lets users to organize contacts into groups for sharing.
 "Messaging" lets people communicate with their circles using Android, iPhone, and SMS devices.
 "Hangouts" are places used to have a group video chat within a circle.
 "Instant Upload" lets people with Android smartphones upload and store photos or video in a private album for sharing later.
 "Sparks" uses Google Search to let users find topics they might like to share with others. 
 "Streams" lets users see updates from those in their circles. This is similar to a news feed.
 "Ripples" is a visualization tool that allows users to play back public shares and conversations.

References

Other websites

The Google+ Project
2011 establishments in the United States
Google
Social networking
Web 2.0
2019 disestablishments in the United States
Colombia was at the Olympic Games in 1932 for the first time.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Colombia is COL.

History
Teams from Colombia have been in all but one Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1952 Games.  Colombia was in the Winter Olympic Games in the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Colombian athletes have won a total of eleven Olympic medals in six different sports. María Isabel Urrutia won the nation's first gold medal in 2000.

The National Olympic Committee for Colombia was formed in 1936 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Colombia profile at London2012.com 
 COlombia at Olympic.org

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Costa Rica was first at the Olympic Games in 1936

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Costa Rica was COS. It is now CRC.

History
Teams from Costa Rica have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1964.  Costa Rica has been in several Winter Olympic Games since 1980.

Costa Rican athletes have won a total of four medals, all by Silvia Poll and Claudia Poll in swimming.

The National Olympic Committee for Costa Rica was formed in 1953 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1954.

List of medals

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Costa Rica profile at London2012.com 
 Costa Rica at Olympic.org

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Cuba was first at the Olympic Games in 1900.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Cuba is CUB.

History
Teams from Cuba have been in 19 of 26 Summer Olympic Games overall.  Cuban athletes have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

Cuban athletes have won a total of 208 medals at the Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Cuba is the Comité Olímpico Cubano.  It was formed in 1926 and recognized in 1954.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Cuba profile at London2012.com 
 Cuba at Olympic.org

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
This is a list of competitors for Cuba who have won a medal in the Olympic Games.

References 
 

Lists of sportspeople
 Cuba
Olympic medalists
Dominica was first at the Olympic Games in 1996.  They have been in each Games since then.  Dominica has not received any medals at the Olympic Games.

The Dominica Olympic Committee was formed in 1993 and recognized in 1998.

Dominica has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.

Olympic table Summer

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Dominica profile at London2012.com 

Dominica
Nations at the Olympics
Dominican Republic was first at the Olympic Games in 1964.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Dominican Republic is DOM.

History
Teams from the Dominican Republic have competed in the Summer Olympic Games. None have gone to the Winter Olympic Games.

The country has won six medals in all.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Dominican republic profile at London2012.com 

Sport in the Dominican Republic
Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of the Dominican Republic
New Jack City is a 1991 crime drama movie starring Ice-T, Wesley Snipes and Mario Van Peebles (who also directed the movie). The movie is set in New York City and is about the trafficking of illegal drugs and associated violence.

Other websites 

1991 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
1990s English-language movies
American gangster movies
Movies set in New York City
Narcissism in fiction
American independent movies
Stratford St Mary is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 703 people living in Stratford St Mary.

References 

Settlements in Babergh
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Ecuador has been in 12 Summer Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Ecuador is ECU.

History
No Ecuadorian team has competed in the Olympic Winter Games.  The Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1948 and recognized by the IOC in 1959.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Ecuador profile at London2012.com 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Windom is a city in Cottonwood County, Minnesota, United States.  The population was 4,646 at the 2010 census.  It is the county seat of Cottonwood County.

Windom is a small farming town.  It also has many parks including one with a disc golf course.  The Des Moines River flows through Windom and some people canoe there.

History
The city was named for William Windom, who was a United States Senator from Minnesota from 1881–1883, and was United States Secretary of the Treasury under presidents James Garfield, Chester Arthur and Benjamin Harrison.

Geography
Windom is located at  (43.866346, -95.116937). It is  above sea level. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.7 km²).  3.5 square miles (9.2 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²) of it (5.08%) is water.
Politics
Windom is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat. At the state level, Windom is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22B, represented by Republican Rod Hamilton.

Transportation
U.S. Highway 71, Minnesota Highway 60, and  Minnesota Highway 62 are three of the main routes in the city.

Industry
Windom is home to one of 8 Toro manufacturing facilities.  It is also the home to Big Game Treestands.

Communications
The local paper is the Cottonwood County Citizen.
The local radio station is KDOM Radio.

Education
Windom is home to three schools: Windom Area Middle/High School, Winfair Elementary School, and Red Rock Ridge ALC.  It is also home to two preschools: Busy Bees and Sunshine School.
Windom Area Middle/High School
Windom Area Middle/High School is home to students grade 4-12 due to renovations in 2003.  There are roughly 300 students attending the high school (grades 9-12) and 350 attending the middle school (grades 4-10).  The school is led by Principal Eric Hanson and Superintendent Wayne Wormstadt.

Extracurriculars
Extracurriculars

Sports
Football home of Top Minnesota recruits Michael Rivera and Tent Bever
Volleyball - State Champions in 2008, State Runner up in 2007 2013 section 2A champs 
Cross Country - Boys and Girls- John Curley and Emily Turner, State Participants, 2010 (800 meter dash winner 7th grade John Turner)
Basketball- Boys and Girls Hoops that Like to throw Alley-oops. Stepping stone to Intermural glory.
Gymnastics-voted all state academics 12 years running 
Wrestling- Jeff Stuckenbroker, Nick Kulseth, A.J. Stevens, Drake Borsgard, Joe Fischenich, Billy Hochstein, Sam Fischenich, and Wyatt Stevens have all been state place winners.
Golf - State Runner-up in 2008 lead by Jordan Higley. 
Lacrosse established in 2008 coached by Johnathan Smith who has a 21-46 career record star players have been Sean Mcgire, Phillip Symens, and Nolan Jones.
Tennis only all state player in school history Brendon Chester

Arts
Band
Stage Band
Choir
Pop Group
Flags and Rifles
Fall Musical
Winter Play
Mass Media
Academics
Knowledge Bowl State Participants in 3 successive years 2009, 2010, and 2011
YES! Team
Speech-Many state participants, including Morgan Potter, State Champion in Prose
FFA
Student Senate

Entertainment

Riverfest
Windom holds an annual summer festival called Riverfest during the second weekend of June.  A pageant corresponds to this celebration which crowns a Miss Riverfest, a First Runner-Up, Miss Photogenic, Miss Congeniality and a Little Miss Riverfest.  Other activities in this weekend celebration include: fireworks, Vickie Schendel 5K Walk/Run, tennis tourney, fishing tourney, turtle races, kiddie tractor pull, street dance, grand parade, and many more.

Winter-River-Fest
In February 2011 Windom started a new festival dubbed "Winter-River-Fest."  Activities included a chili feed, open fires, dodge ball, snow sculpting, and the Darn Cold Croquet Contest.

Notable natives
Maria Schneider - Composer
Johnny Olson - Gameshow announcer
Larry Buhler - Professional football player
References
 Brown, John A.  History of Cottonwood and Watonwan Counties, Minnesota: Their People, Industries, and Institutions.  B.F. Bowen & Co.: Indianapolis, 1916.

Other websites
 City of Windom
 Windom Community Guide

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
El Salvador has been in nine Summer Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for El Salvador is ESA.  In 1964, it was SAL for "salvador".

History
There have been no teams from El Salvador at the Olympic Winter Games. As of 2010, El Salvador does not have a medal.

The "Comité Olímpico de El Salvador" was formed in 1949 and recognized by the IOC in 1962.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 El Salvador profile at London2012.com 
El Salvador at SportsReference.com 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Boroughbridge is a town in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,184 people living in Boroughbridge.

References 

Towns in North Yorkshire
Cottonwood County is a County in Minnesota. At the 2020 census, 11,517 people lived there.  The county seat of Cottonwood County is Windom.

References

Minnesota counties
The Sioux (pronounced "soo") are a Native American tribe.  They live in the Midwestern U.S. They have a long history with the European colonists that eventually became the Americans. Today, the Sioux mainly consist of 2 language-based tribes: The Dakota, and the Lakota.

Famous Sioux People
Sitting Bull

References

Native Americans
The University of the Bío-Bío () is a university located in Concepción, Chile. It is one of the universities in the south of Chile.

History 
This university was created by the union of some statal universities and was founded in 1947 as the Technical University of the State (TUS).

Faculties 
 Business Studies
 Architecture, Design and Construction 
 Sciences
 Engineering
 Education and Humanities
 Health Sciences and Food

References

Other websites 

 University of the Bío-Bío official website 

Colleges and universities in Concepción
1947 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Chile
The Mansion Passos Oliveira was a historic building in the city of São José dos Pinhais, Brazilian state of Paraná. It was built in 1876 and demolished in June 2011.

References

Buildings and structures in Brazil
Paraná State
1876 establishments
1870s establishments in Brazil
2011 disestablishments
Alexander Walke (born June 6, 1983 in Oranienburg, Brandenburg) is a German professional football goalkeeper who is playing for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

Career
After starting football with his local club Eintracht Oranienburg he went at the age of 14 to Energie Cottbus. He was transferred to Werder Bremen where he reached the first squad in 2003. 2005 he went on to SC Freiburg and SV Wehen Wiesbaden. His next team was Hansa Rostock, where he signed a two-years contract but went in 2010 to FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. The 2010/11 season he played on loan for Greuther Fürth in the Second German Bundesliga then he came back to Salzburg. In the 2011/12 season he played his first league match on November 26, 2011 versus SV Kapfenberg. His last match was on 28 May 2023 versus Austria Klagenfurt. After this match he ended his career.He played 158 league matches for Salzburg.
International
He played for Germany at the FIFA World Youth Championship 2003, but tested positive with doping.

Honours
Red Bull Salzburg
 Austrian Bundesliga: 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21 2021-22 
 Austrian Cup: [2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21 , 2021-22, 2022 -23

1983 births
Living people
German association football goalkeepers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Sportspeople from Brandenburg
Austrian football champions
Dave Murray (born David Michael Murray on 23 December 1956 in Edmonton, London, England) is one of the three guitarists in the British heavy metal band, Iron Maiden. Murray has been with Iron Maiden since 1980.

Career 
Murray is considered the second original member of Iron Maiden along with the founder Steve Harris. He has played on every album since its debut in 1980. However, Murray joined in 1976, just two months after they formed in 1975. He was forced to leave the band that year by the vocalist Dennis Wilcock, but returned months later. His solos are characterized for being fluid and clean, making rapid progress note after note through techniques that use the right hand using especially a lot of Hammer and tapping, based on the legato technique. A characteristic in live performance is the vocalization which makes while playing fast parts, as if singing at the same time than playing his Fender Stratocaster.
First years 
David Michael Murray was born on 23 December 1956 in Edmunton, England. Dave's mother often worked part-time at a bar, because his father was at a young age retired consequence of a disease. The money for the maintenance of the house came irregularly. The frustration and poverty took their parents to a continuous fighting which caused her mother to take him together with her sisters to the nearest army refuge, where they used to spend weeks protected from the occasional attacks of fury of his father.

During his adolescence, Dave was interested in music, so he developed an cardboard-electric guitar to mimic the Beatles records, also that he risked playing with the piano of a bar that was in the bottom of a residential complex in which they lived for some time. In 1970 his family finally rented a more comfortable house in the county of Clapton, and that's how the future partner of Steve Harris, like many other teens in that time shaved his head.
The moment that completely changed the life of Dave and took him to a career which seemed impossible in his time and those who followed the style of skinhead, occurred at the age of 15 when heard for the first time the song "Voodoo Child" (part 2) of Jimi Hendrix on the radio, then it started to listen to bands like Thin Lizzy, Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, UFO, Queen, Free, Judas Priest and Wishbone Ash.

Dave's love for rock understood everything he was referring to the "rock culture" so he grew his hair too much, which caused him problems with his skinhead friends. He Adopted hippie clothes and began to read the newspaper "Melody Maker" which spoke of the rock of that time, which also began to frequent shows and come out with a new group of friends, being the closest, Adrian Smith.

In terms of sound, he used a super distortion humbucker made by Dimarzio, who was replaced for a compact hot rails humbucker of the firm Seymour Duncan, both in bridge position.
Additional information 
Together with Steve Harris, Dave was the only "irremovable member" of Iron Maiden since its founding. He has participated in all records and has been a key piece to define the sound of the group, although it has not participated much in the compositions of letters he composed the rhythm guitar to most of the compositions of Steve Harris.

Between their compositions are the songs "Charlotte the Harlot" from the first album, "Still Life" from the album "Piece of Mind." "Deja Vu" from the album "Somewhere in Time," "Chains of Misery" and "Judas Be My Guide" from the album "Fear of the Dark," "Brave New World", "The Nomad" and "The Thin Line between Love and Hate" from the album "Brave New World", "Rainmaker" and "Age of Innocence" from the album "Dance of Death" and "the Reincarnation of Benjamin Breege" from the album "A Matter of Life and Death".
Other projects 
 Hear 'n Aid (1985) – "Stars"
 Nicko McBrain (1991) – "Rhythm of the Beast"
 Was part of the band Psycho Motel, led by Adrian Smith playing the guitar on the song "With You Again" (1997) from the album Welcome to the World.

Personal life 
In his spare time Murray is an avid golfer as seen at Rock in Rio DVD. Murray and his wife Tamar have one daughter named Tasha (born in 1991) When not on tour, Murray is in Hawaii.
Discography with Iron Maiden 
 Iron Maiden (1980)
 Killers (1981)
 The Number of the Beast (1982)
 Piece of Mind (1983)
 Powerslave (1984)
 Live After Death (1985)
 Somewhere in Time (1986)
 Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (1988)
 No Prayer for the Dying (1990)
 Fear of the Dark (1992)
 Live at Donington (1993)
 A Real Live / Dead One (1993)
 The X Factor (1995)
 Virtual XI (1998)
 Ed Hunter (1999)
 Brave New World (2000)
 Rock in Rio (2002)
 Dance of Death (2003)
 Death on the Road (2005)
 A Matter of Life and Death (2006)
 Somewhere Back in Time (2008)
 Flight 666 (2009)
 The Final Frontier (2010)

1956 births
Iron Maiden members
Musicians from London
English guitarists
Living people
In politics, the use of agriculture or agricultural products to influence the outcome of decisions is called Food Power. Several nations with crude oil have organised themselves and founded a cartel called OPEC. Through this cartel, they can fix the price at which they will sell oil. Food power works in much the same way. Nations usually do what is best for their citizens, who usually want food. 

Food power is part of food politics. Embargoes can also be used to put pressure on a nation. In order for a nation to make use of food power effectively, the nation must effectively apply and display scarcity, supply concentration, demand dispersion, and action independence. The four main nations that export enough agriculture to be able to exert food power are the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The U.S. does appear to use food power for punishment. Some African countries have used food power in internal conflicts on a smaller scale.

International politics
Food and drink
The Audi S3 is a car that has been produced by Audi in four generations since 1999. It is a high-performance version of the Audi A3.

S3
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
The Arecibo message was a short radio message sent into space to celebrate the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974. It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13, about 25,000 light years from Earth. M13 was chosen because it was the right size, and was in the sky at the right time and place for the ceremony. 

Dr. Frank Drake, then at Cornell University and creator of the famous Drake equation, wrote the message, with help from Carl Sagan, among others. The message was in seven parts which show:
The numbers one (1) to ten (10)
The atomic numbers of the elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, which make up deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The formulas for the sugars and bases in the nucleotides of DNA
The number of nucleotides in DNA, and a graphic of the double helix structure of DNA
A figure of a human, the size of an average man, and the human population of Earth
The Solar System
The Arecibo Observatory and the diameter of the transmitting antenna dish
It will take 25,000 years for the message to reach the stars, and at least another 25,000 years to get any reply. This means the Arecibo message was a show of human technological achievement, not a real attempt to talk to extraterrestrial life.  The stars of M13 that the message was aimed at will no longer be in that location when the message arrives. Cornell University said on November 12, 1999, the real purpose of the message was not to make contact, but to show the power of the new equipment. (Cornell University had built and operated the radio telescope for the United States National Science Foundation.)

The message consisted of 1679 binary digits, about 210 bytes. It was transmitted at a frequency of 2380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz, with a power of 1000 kW. The "ones" and "zeros" were transmitted by frequency shifting at the rate of 10 bits per second. The total broadcast was less than three minutes.
The cardinality of 1679 was chosen because it is a semiprime. It can be arranged as a rectangle of 73 rows by 23 columns. The other arrangement, 23 rows by 73 columns, does not produce a meaningful result. The message forms the image shown on the right, or its inverse, when translated into graphics characters and spaces.

In 2009 the band Boxcutter made an album called the Arecibo Message, which has a lot of short songs.

References

Other websites
 Arecibo Observatory Home Page

Astronomy
Telecommunications
1974 in the United States
20th century in Puerto Rico
The Ministry of Justice (in Spanish: Ministerio de Justicia - previously called Ministerio de Gracia y Justicia, Ministerio de Justicia y Culto, Ministerio de Sanidad, Trabajo y Justicia and Ministerio de Interior y Justicia) is one of the departments of the Government of Spain. The current minister of Justice is Dolores Delgado García.

It's headquarters is located in Madrid, in the Palacio de la Marquesa de la Sonora.

Tasks 

The Ministry of Justice is responsible for the preparation and execution of government policy on development of law (criminal law, civil law, commercial law, ...), rights and religious freedom and worship, prerogative of mercy and titles of nobility and greatness of Spain.
In addition, the department shall be responsible for policy for the organization and support for the administration of justice, international judicial cooperation, as well as with the Autonomous Communities, in coordination with other relevant departments in this area. The ministry is also one that provides legal assistance to State.

References

Other websites 
 Ministry's page

Government of Spain
Goliath is a steel roller coaster in the Dutch theme park Walibi Holland. The lift hill has a height of 46.8 meters. This makes it the tallest coaster of the Benelux. However, in 2007 this record was beaten by Vertigo in Walibi Belgium, but after Vertigo was demolished in 2008, Goliath was again the tallest coaster of the Benelux.

Ride information 
The coaster was created by the Swiss coaster manufacturer Intamin AG. It was opened in 2002. The coaster has a maximum speed of 66 miles per hour (106 km/h) over 3,982 feet (1,214 m) of track. The coaster has 2 trains, one green and one purple with hydraulic lap bars as restraints.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 Walibi Holland website 

Roller coasters in the Netherlands
Roller coasters by name
2002 establishments in the Netherlands
Condor (formerly El Condor) is a steel roller coaster at Walibi Holland in The Netherlands. The ride was built by Vekoma as the first suspended looping coaster in the world.

Gallery

Other websites 
El Condor on the Walibi Holland website

References 

Roller coasters in the Netherlands
Roller coasters by name
1994 establishments in the Netherlands
Xpress is a steel launched roller coaster at Walibi Holland in The Netherlands. It opened in 2000 under the name Superman the Ride. However, Six Flags was planning to open it under the name Riddlers Revenge and the ride was painted green at the factory. Shortly before the coaster was built, the name was changed to Superman the Ride and was painted red and blue. Since 2005 the coaster is called Xpress. It is the first LSM coaster in Europe.

The coaster had been standing but not operating for the whole season in 2011. The reason for this was because important parts of the launch mechanism were broken, which can cause that the train does not have enough speed at the end of the launch, or doesn't launch at all. These parts are ordered and are only made on request, as there are only 3 coasters of this type worldwide (2 of which are in Disney parks). Therefore, Walibi Holland decided to paint the track. As of 2012, the coaster operates again.

Gallery

References
References 

Roller coasters in the Netherlands
Roller coasters by name
2000 establishments in the Netherlands
Sylvia Anne Ratonel, born June 14, 1988, is a Singaporean singer and spokesmodel. She is best known as the runner-up of the third season of Singapore Idol. Ratonel was also the first female to make it to the finals. The program started her career in singing and entertainment. In January 2010, she signed a contract with broadcaster MediaCorp. Ratonel signed a recording contract with Universal Music Singapore in March of the same year. She was the first Singaporean celebrity ambassador for cosmetic brand Maybelline. In 2010, Sylvia Ratonel was ranked as part of the "Top 100 Sexiest Women in the World" by FHM Magazine. She also won the "Breakout Star of the Year" ELLE Awards 2010.

Her self-titled debut album, Sylvia Ratonel was released on 27 October 2010. Four singles were released from the album. Three of these became Top 10 hits on Singapore radio charts.
Early life
Sylvia comes from a family of five. She has two brothers; Bryan and Timothy. Her family was not wealthy in her early years. When she was 10, the family moved into a small apartment with no bedrooms. Sylvia later said that they "grew up sleeping together in one room, on mattresses". Life was not easy for her family. They had to depend on food from their church. They would go to church every Sunday to get food.

Sylvia studied at Fengshan Primary School and Bedok View Secondary School. She chose an education at Temasek Polytechnic so she could start working quicker. Sylvia graduated with a diploma in Hospitality and Tourism Management. She worked while in school to help support her family. After graduating, Sylvia decided to wait to go to college because her parents could not afford it.  Instead, she went to work at the Conrad Centennial Hotel as a secretary.
Growing up, Sylvia did not take part in school performances. At the age of 18, Sylvia left home in what was a rebellious phase. She began visiting clubs and drinking alcohol. She now has a better relationship with her family. Ratonel says that she is "a good girl who likes bad boys". With her family's support, Sylvia auditioned for Singapore Idol in 2009 even though she did not have any professional vocal training.

Singapore Idol
On 6 June 2009, Sylvia auditioned for the third season of Singapore Idol. Her audition impressed judge Ken Lim. He said that she could make it into the Top 10. Sylvia made it through the auditions. The judges had different opinions about how talented she was. At the Piano Show round in September, she impressed the judges with her singing of Duffy’s "Mercy".
During the competition, Sylvia was one of the best and worst contestants. She was in the bottom two twice. Once she reached the Top 6 round, her support from the viewers grew. For the next 5 weeks she was not in the elimination group each week. After the last semi-final round on 8 December, Sylvia became the first female finalist on Singapore Idol. On 27 December 2009, she competed against Sezairi Sezali for the title of Singapore Idol. She did not win. Although she wanted to win, Sylvia has was happy to be in the finals. She said  "my Idol journey has been wonderful. I would never change anything about it. It’s been a really long and tiring journey, but it’s so fulfilling.... I’m really glad that I managed to touch many people’s hearts, and their lives. I hope to continue doing that,"
In an interview with both Ken Lim and Ratonel, Lim said that he "didn't think that [Sylvia] did well" when asked about his opinions about the results. He said her performances in the finals were weaker than those she had in the semi-final rounds.

Post-Idol career
Sylvia's firstperformance after Singapore Idol was at the Celebrate 2010 Countdown Party at Marina Bay. She sang "Empire State of Mind" with the rest of the Singapore Idol Top 13.

In January 2010, Ratonel signed a contract with broadcast station MediaCorp. She was also hired to promote the new Motorola Dext phone. Later in March, she signed a record deal with Universal Music Singapore. Her appearance caught the attention of cosmetics company Maybelline. That same month, she became the new face of Maybelline New York. She was the first Singaporean celebrity for the cosmetics brand.
Sylvia was a guest star in the MediaCorp television movie Seven Days. In the movie, she performed "You and I" with Rai from the Singaporean pop duo Jack & Rai. In June, Sylvia made her debut as co-host with Michelle Chia in the MediaCorp weekly food program "Buffetlicious"

She performed the National Anthem of Singapore before the start of the Singapore F1 Grand Prix race on September 26, 2010. In the same month, Sylvia made it to the Top 100 Sexiest Women in the World list of FHM. Sylvia was on the cover of Cleo in March 2010  and November 2010.
She was also on cover for Seventeen Magazine in June 2010. Sylvia won the Breakout Star of the Year ELLE Awards 2010 in December 2010. Later that month, Sylvia recorded a duet of "Come Home to 5" with Sezali.

Music career
Sylvia has released one studio album and four radio singles.
Her self-titled debut album Sylvia Ratonel was released in Singapore on 27 October 2010. The musical style of the album was different from the acoustic genre she used during Singapore Idol. Other than a cover of an 1980s song titled "Manic Monday"  and a Malay language song "Mari Bersamaku", the album was all new music. It was co-written by Sylvia and Don Richmond. The album has many pop ballads and upbeat R&B songs.

Singles
The album has had four singles. All of them were released only on radio format.

Discography

References

Other websites
 Sylvia Ratonel YouTube Channel Sylvia Ratonel - YouTube
 Interview with RazorTV RAZORTV 
 Sylvia Ratonel Official Facebook Sylvia Ratonel | Facebook

1988 births
Living people
Singaporean singers
The Rules of Attraction is a 2002 American satirical black comedy-drama movie. It stars James van der Beek and Jessica Biel. This movie is based on the novel of the same name by Bret Easton Ellis. It is about events at a fictional college in New Hampshire. The Rules of Attraction was originally rated NC-17 by the MPAA, although edits were performed by Lionsgate so that the movie could get an R rating.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

2002 comedy-drama movies
2000s LGBT movies
American LGBT movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies based on books
NC-17 rated movies
New Hampshire
2000s black comedy movies
American independent movies
Lionsgate movies
The term spa is associated with water treatment of disease by bathing. Spa towns, spa resorts, and hot springs resorts often offer various health treatments. People have believed in the helpful powers of mineral waters back to prehistoric times. This practice has been popular worldwide. It is especially widespread in Europe and Japan.

Origins of the term 
The term came from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium. This name was known back in Roman times, when it was called Aquae Spadanae. It may be related to the Latin word "spargere" meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten.

References 

Care
Albert Dwayne Roloson (born October 12, 1969 in Simcoe, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and the current goaltending coach of the Anaheim Ducks. Roloson played 606 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Calgary Flames, Buffalo Sabres, Minnesota Wild, Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders, and Tampa Bay Lightning.

After Mark Recchi retired, Roloson became the oldest active NHL player and the last active NHL player to have been born in the 1960s. He played for the Calgary Flames for 2 seasons, the Buffalo Sabres for 2 seasons, the Minnesota Wild for 4 seasons, the Edmonton Oilers for 4 seasons and the New York Islanders for 2 seasons before being traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning on January 1, 2011 for defenceman Ty Wishart. He is married to his wife, Melissa and they have two sons, Brett, 7, and Ross, 5.

Other websites
Other websites

American Hockey League players
Buffalo Sabres players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Minnesota Wild players
New York Islanders players
Rochester Americans players
Saint John Flames players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Worcester IceCats players
John Farey, Sr. (1766 – January 6, 1826) was an English geologist. However, he is better known for a mathematician, the Farey sequence is named after him. He is also a writer.

References 

English geologists
1766 births
1826 deaths