Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
On October 25, a package was sent to former National Intelligence Director James Clapper and to New Jersey Senator Cory Booker. On October 26, two packages were sent to Senator Kamala Harris again and to Democrat megadonner Tom Steyer.

News outlets reported that the bombs were sent to President Donald Trump's strongest critics.

Cesar Sayoc Jr. was arrested in Plantation, Florida, on October 26 in connection with mailing the explosive devices. The FBI is treating the investigation as domestic terrorism. If convicted, the bomber could face up to 100 years in prison (10 years for each bomb sent).

Timeline

Related pages
 2001 anthrax attacks
 Austin serial bombings

References

2018 crimes in the United States
2018 in California
2018 in Florida
2010s in Los Angeles, California
2010s in New York City
2010s in Washington, D.C.
Barack Obama
Bill Clinton
21st century in Delaware
Donald Trump
United States mail bombing attempts
Terrorist attacks in the United States
Terrorist incidents in 2018
Bruce Edwards Ivins (April 22, 1946 – July 29, 2008) was an American microbiologist and vaccinologist. He was a senior biodefense researcher at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. He was the key suspect responsible for the 2001 anthrax attacks.

On July 29, 2008, he died of an overdose of Tylenol with codeine in an apparent suicide after learning that criminal charges were likely to be filed against him by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for connection to the 2001 anthrax attacks.

According to The Smoking Gun, U.S. government court documents stated that Ivins edited articles on Wikipedia using the account name "Jimmyflathead".

References

1946 births
2008 deaths
Drug-related suicides in the United States
American physicians
American terrorists
Wikipedians in the United States
Scientists from Ohio
Criminals from Ohio
Sara Anzanello (July 30, 1980 – October 25, 2018) was an Italian volleyball player in the middle hitter-blocker role. Anzanello was born in San Donà di Piave, Venice. She played for Italy national team in 1998, when she was 17 years old. She had a total of 203 caps for her team.

Anzanello died on October 25, 2018 from leukemia in Venice at the age of 38.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

1980 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Italian volleyball players
Hanson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 3,461 people lived there. Its county seat is Alexandria. It was created in 1873.

References

1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Harding County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 1,311 people lived there. Its county seat is Buffalo. It was created in 1881.

References

1881 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Hutchinson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 7,427 people lived there. Its county seat is Olivet. It was created in 1862.

References

1862 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803), was a United States Supreme Court court case. It was between William Marbury and James Madison.

Background 
In the 1800 United States Presidential election, Thomas Jefferson won over John Adams. Days before Adams had to leave office, he wanted to give a number of people jobs (so that Jefferson could not give these jobs away). The United States Senate approved of his picks (nominations) and John Marshall, who was then Adams' Secretary of State and was to be the Chief Justice of the United States, had a number of these notices sent out. One that did not make it before midnight was to William Marbury.

When Jefferson took office, he ordered his Secretary of State, James Madison, to cancel the ones that had not been delivered. So then Marbury sued Madison because Marbury wanted his job as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia.
Decision 
John Marshall ruled on this case as the Chief Justice. He first answered that Marbury had a right to his job because it had been signed and approved. The actual delivery was a custom, not a requirement. He then ruled that a writ of mandamus (a type of court order) was the correct way for Marbury to rule. Finally, he noted that the Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the Supreme Court to make this kind of ruling.

The next question was who could decide this issue. Marshall ruled that the Supreme Court could decide it because the Judiciary Act of 1789 said that they could. However, Marshall said that a section of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. That section allowed the Supreme Court to make a writ but the United States Constitution did not. Therefore, that section was unconstitutional and the Supreme Court could not make a writ for Marbury.
Marshall looking over the Constitution and the statute is judicial review, a statement that the Supreme Court had an independent power to determine whether something was constitutional or not.

1803 in the United States
United States Supreme Court cases
Hyde County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 1,262 people lived there. Its county seat is Highmore. It was created in 1873.

References

1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 2,806 people lived there. Its county seat is Kadoka. It was created in 1914.

References

1910s establishments in South Dakota
1914 establishments in the United States
South Dakota counties
Shivinder Singh Sidhu (October 13, 1929 – 25 October, 2018) was an Indian politician. He became the Governor of the state of Manipur on 6 August 2004. Sidhu was also the Governor of Meghalaya from October 2007 to 1 July 2008 and Governor of Goa from 22 July 2008 to 26 August 2011.

Sidhu died on 25 October 2018 at the age of 89.

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
Governors of Goa
Governors of Manipur
Governors of Meghalaya
Jerauld County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,071 people lived there. Its county seat is Wessington Springs.

References 

1883 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Jones County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 917 people lived there. Its county seat is Murdo. It was created in 1916.

References

1910s establishments in South Dakota
1916 establishments in the United States
South Dakota counties
Charles B. Wang (August 19, 1944 – October 21, 2018) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was a co-founder and CEO of Computer Associates International, Inc. (later renamed to CA Technologies). He was a minority owner (and past majority owner) of the NHL's New York Islanders ice hockey team. A philanthropist, he donated to charities including SmileTrain.

Wang died of lung cancer at his home in Oyster Bay, New York on October 21, 2018 at the age of 74.

References

1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American philanthropists
American computer scientists
Engineers from New York (state)
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Scientists from New York (state)
People from Shanghai
The Town of Oyster Bay is an eastern town that makes up Nassau County, New York, in the United States. It is the only town in Nassau County to extend to Long Island. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 293,214.

References

Towns in New York (state)
Zheng Xiaosong (; September 1959 – 20 October 2018) was a Chinese politician and diplomat. He was Director of the Macau Liaison Office until he fell to his death in October 2018. He was Deputy Director of the International Liaison Department of the Communist Party of China, Vice Governor of Fujian Province, and secretary-general of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Zheng was a member of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

On 20 October 2018, Zheng died in Macau after falling from a tall building where he lived, aged 59. Many believed Zheng committed suicide as he suffered from depression at the time of his death.

References

1959 births
2018 deaths
Chinese diplomats
Accidental deaths from falls
Politicians from Beijing
Vienne may refer to:

Regions and cities
Vienne, a department of France named after the river Vienne
Vienne, Isère, a city in the French department of Isère
The French name for Vienna, the capital of Austria

French villages and communes
Vienne-en-Arthies, in the department of Val-d'Oise
Vienne-en-Bessin, in the department of Calvados
Vienne-en-Val, in the department of Loiret
Vienne-la-Ville, in the department of Marne
Vienne-le-Château, in the department of Marne

Rivers
Vienne (river), an important river in south-western France
Saint Blaise was a physician and bishop of Sebaste, martyred in 316.

Saint-Blaise is the name of several places:
In Canada:
 Saint-Blaise-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, a municipality in the province of Quebec

In France:
 Saint-Blaise, Alpes-Maritimes, in the Alpes-Maritimes département
 Saint-Blaise, Haute-Savoie, in the Haute-Savoie département
 Saint-Blaise-du-Buis, in the Isère département
 Saint-Blaise-la-Roche (St. Basien (bei Rappoltsweiler)), in the Bas-Rhin département
 L'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise, a village and commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of southwestern France
 Lentillac-Saint-Blaise, a village and commune in the Lot département of south-western France

In Germany:
 St Blaise, the English name for the town of Sankt Blasien, in Baden-Württemberg

In Switzerland:
 Saint-Blaise, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Neuchâtel
Bédeille is the name of the two communes in France:
 Bédeille, Ariège
 Bédeille, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Péronne is the name or part of the name of three communes in France:
 Péronne, Saône-et-Loire
 Péronne, Somme
 Péronne-en-Mélantois, in the Nord département
Kingsbury County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 5,187 people lived there. Its county seat is De Smet. It was created in 1873.

References

1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 11,059 people lived there. Its county seat is Madison. It was created in 1873.

References

1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Alexandria is a city in Hanson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 615 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hanson County.

References 

Cities in South Dakota
County seats in South Dakota
La Vergne is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

Cities in Tennessee
The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action movie directed by Rob Cohen, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer. It is the first installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise. The movie stars Paul Walker, Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Rick Yune, Chad Lindberg, Johnny Strong, and Ted Levine. The movie follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner, who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers. It is an international co-production between the United States and Germany.

Cast 
 Vin Diesel as Dominic Toretto
 Paul Walker as Brian O'Conner
 Michelle Rodriguez as Leticia "Letty" Ortíz
 Jordana Brewster as Mia Toretto
 Rick Yune as Johnny Tran
 Chad Lindberg as Jesse
 Johnny Strong as Leon
 Matt Schulze as Vince
 Ja Rule as Edwin
 Ted Levine as Sergeant Tanner
 Thom Barry as Agent Bilkins
 Vyto Ruginis as Harry
2001 thriller movies
2001 action movies
German action movies
German thriller movies
Fast & Furious movies
Movies directed by Rob Cohen
This article lists political parties in Antigua and Barbuda.
Antigua and Barbuda has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party.

The parties

Major parties
Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party
United Progressive Party

Third party
Barbuda People's Movement

Other parties
Barbuda People's Movement for Change 
Barbudans for a Better Barbuda
Democratic People's Party
First Christian Democratic Party
National Labour Party
National Movement for Change
National Reform Movement
Organisation for National Development

Former parties
Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement
Barbuda Independence Movement
New Barbuda Development Movement
Progressive Labour Movement 
United National Democratic Party

Politics of North America
Political parties in the Bahamas exist within a two-party system, in that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for candidates to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party.

Active parties

Major
Progressive Liberal Party (PLP)
Free National Movement (FNM)
Democratic National Alliance (DNA)
Landslide National Movement (LNM)

Minor
Bahamas Constitution Party (BCP)
Bahamas National Coalition Party (BNCP)

Defunct parties
United People's Movement
United Bahamian Party
National Development Party
National Democratic Party
Labour Party
Social Democratic Party
Poor Powerful Peoples Party
Workers Party
Independent
Coalition for Democratic Reform
Vanguard Party
Bahamian National Party
Bahamas Democratic Party
Bahamas Democratic Movement

Politics of the Bahamas
Political party
The Head of State in Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country. Under the current constitution, this responsibility lies with the President of the United Mexican States, who is head of the supreme executive power of the Mexican Union.

First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)

First Regency 
After the end of the Mexican War of Independence, a Provisional Board of Governing consisting of thirty-four persons was set up. The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire and appointed a regency composed of six people.

Second Regency

Agustín I

Provisional Government (1823–1824) 

The Provisional Government of 1823–24 was an organization that served as the Executive in the government of Mexico after the end of the Mexican Empire of Agustín I, in 1823. The organization was responsible for convening the body that created the Federal Republic and existed from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.

First Federal Republic (1824–1835)

Centralist Republic (1835–1846)
Second Federal Republic (1846–1863)

Presidents recognized by the Conservatives during the Reform War

Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)

Regency 
On June 22, 1863, a "Superior Governing Board" was established. On July 11, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.

Maximilian I

Restored Republic (1867–1876)

Porfiriato (1876–1911)

Revolution (1911–1928) 

 Parties

Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes

Restoration of democracy 

 Parties

Maximato (1928–1934) 

 Party

Modern Mexico (1934–present) 

After the constitutional reform of 1926, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928; with a formal ban on reelection. After the federal election of 1934 all the presidents have completed their six-year terms.

 Parties

Living former Presidents
As of , there are six living former Presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former President was that of Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on April 1, 2012.

Presidents who died in office

Timeline
Timeline

References

Other websites
 Lista de gobernantes de México Official List

List
Sahle-Work Zewde (Amharic: ሳህለወርቅ ዘውዴ, born 21 February 1950) is an Ethiopian diplomat. She is the 4th and current President of Ethiopia, the first female to hold the office. She was elected President by members of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly on October 25, 2018. 

Sahle-Work was a diplomat, serving as Special Representative of United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres to the African Union and Head of the United Nations Office to the African Union at the level of Under-Secretary General of the United Nations.

References

Other websites
United Nations Press Release
UNON: Enough is Enough, UNDT says

1950 births
Living people
Presidents of Ethiopia
Current national leaders
Washington County is one of 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 600,372, making it the state's second most populous county. The county seat and largest city is Hillsboro.

References

Oregon counties
Lawrence County is the name of eleven counties in the United States:
 Lawrence County, Alabama
 Lawrence County, Arkansas
 Lawrence County, Illinois
 Lawrence County, Indiana
 Lawrence County, Kentucky
 Lawrence County, Mississippi
 Lawrence County, Missouri
 Lawrence County, Ohio
 Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
 Lawrence County, South Dakota
 Lawrence County, Tennessee
Lawrence County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 25,768 people lived there. Its county seat is Deadwood. It was created in 1875.

References

1875 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Timber Lake is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Dewey County.

Cities in South Dakota
County seats in South Dakota
1911 establishments in South Dakota
Lyman County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 3,718 people lived there. Its county seat is Kennebec. It was created in 1873.

References

1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Elk Point is the name of two places in North America:
 Elk Point, South Dakota, United States
 Elk Point, Alberta, Canada
Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 4,306 people lived there. Its county seat is Britton.

References

1883 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Britton is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Marshall County.

Cities in South Dakota
County seats in South Dakota
1884 establishments in Dakota Territory
Rutherford County is a county in southwest North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, 64,444 people lived there. Its county seat is Rutherfordton.

References 

1779 establishments in North Carolina
North Carolina counties
Rutherford County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Rutherford County, North Carolina
 Rutherford County, Tennessee
McCook County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 5,618 people lived there. Its county seat is Salem. It was created in 1873. It was named for the former governor of the Dakota Territory and Civil War general Edwin Stanton McCook.

Communities

Cities 
 Bridgewater
 Canistota
 Montrose
 Salem (county seat)
 Spencer

Unincorporated community 
 Unityville

Townships 
The county is divided into sixteen townships:

 Benton
 Bridgewater
 Brookfield
 Canistota
 Emery
 Grant
 Greenland
 Jefferson
 Pearl
 Montrose
 Union
 Ramsey
 Richland
 Salem
 Spring Valley
 Sun Prairie

Other places 
 Laurent - (proposed / abandoned housing development)

References

Other websites 

 McCook County, SD government website

South Dakota counties
1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
McPherson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,459 people lived there. Its county seat is Leola. It was created in 1873.

1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Meade County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 29,852 people lived there. Its county seat is Sturgis. It was created in 1889.

References

1889 establishments in South Dakota
South Dakota counties
Mellette County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,048 people lived there. Its county seat is White River. It was created in 1909.

References 

1909 establishments in South Dakota
South Dakota counties
Pennington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 100,948, making it the second-most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Rapid City. It was created in 1875.

References 

1875 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Polenta () is a dish of boiled cornmeal. It may be served as a hot porridge, or it may be allowed to cool and solidify into a loaf that can be baked, fried, or grilled. It is a dish popular in Italian, Savoy, Swiss, Austrian, Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Corsican, Argentine, Brazilian, and Mexican cuisine, and it is a traditional staple food throughout much of northern Italy.

References 

Grains
Argentine food
Austrian food
Brazilian food
Bulgarian culture
Croatian food
French food
Italian food
Mexican food
Romanian food
Serbian food
Slovenian culture
Swiss food
Venezuelan food
"Shallow" is a song by American entertainer Lady Gaga and American actor Bradley Cooper from the soundtrack of the fourth version of A Star Is Born (2018).  It was released as the lead single from the soundtrack on September 27, 2018.  The song was written by Gaga, Mark Ronson, Anthony Rossomando, and Andrew Wyatt, while Gaga and Benjamin Rice handled production.

The song has reached number one in several countries, including the US, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Portugal, and Ireland, and the top ten in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Norway.

The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2019, marking Gaga's first Oscar win. It reached number one in its 22nd week on the Billboard Hot 100, replacing "7 rings" by Ariana Grande. "Shallow" became Gaga's fourth US number-one hit and Cooper's first.  The last song by Gaga to reach the top was "Born This Way" in 2011.
It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales and streams of two million copies in the US.

Charts

Weekly charts

Monthly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

All-time charts

References 

2018 songs
Lady Gaga songs
Garth Brooks songs
Acoustic rock songs
An exonym is a name of a person, a people group, language, or place used by people of other places and languages. An endonym is a name that people of a certain place and language call themselves. For example, the endonym of Germany is Deutschland, because that is what Germans call their country, and Germans call themselves and their language Deutsch. On the other hand, Germany and German are its exonym because English speakers, who are not German, use those names to describe it.
This is actually very common across languages for several reasons. One reason is because the sounds for an endonym may not exist in certain languages. It would be difficult for speakers of other languages to say them, so speakers of other languages make an exonym. For example, words in Japanese cannot end in any consonant that is not an "n" sound, and for that reason, Deutsch is Doitsu in Japanese. Japanese also adds Japanese morphemes so that there is no confusion between the country, the people, and the language. The German people are Doitsujin, in which -jin means people, and the name of the German language is Doitsugo, in which -go means language. While the country, people, and language of Laos can all be called Lao in English, they are called Raosu, Rasoujin, and Raosugo in Japanese in that same order.
Another reason why a country might call another country a different name is because people from a certain country might have different ideas about those people or associate them with certain things. For example, even though Greeks call their country Hellas, their country is known around the world as Greece because the Roman Empire named the region after Magna Graecia, which were coastal areas in southern Italy that were colonized by Greeks in the early days of Rome. Germany has a very large number of exonyms, being called Allemagne in French, Niemcy in Polish, and Saksa in Finnish. This is because Germany has interacted with many other European countries and the Germans were a collection of tribes speaking similar languages until they unified into a country in the late 19th century
. Even though the Dutch call themselves Nederlanders in their own language, English speakers call them Dutch (a cognate of the German word Deutsch) because the words German and Dutch used to be interchangeable until Germany unified in the 1800s. From then on, German was used to describe people from Germany, while Dutch was used to describe people from the Netherlands.
Even though in Mandarin Chinese China is called Zhōngguó, meaning the "Middle Kingdom" or the "Central States", most other countries calls it China. It is believed that the word China cam from the word Qín, in which the Qin dynasty unified China. However, there are a few exceptions. In Japanese, it is called Chūgoku, which has the same meaning as the Chinese name, except it uses the Japanese pronunciation for the Chinese characters for the name 中國 / 中国. In Korean, it is called Jungguk for the same reason. In Russian, China is called Kitay.
A third reason why a country might call another place a different name is because a language can borrow a name from another language. Even though Japan is called Nippon or Nihon in Japanese, the word passed on to Europe through many different languages, all of which were very different from Japanese. Marco Polo heard about Kublai Khan sending soldiers to Cipangu, which in Chinese characters is 日本, which means "Sun's Origin". When the Portuguese arrived in Japan in the mid-16th century, who were the first Europeans to directly trade with Japan, they called the country Japão based on an old Malay word, which was borrowed from a southern Chinese dialect. Thus, most other countries call the country Japan. A few exceptions are Chinese, which call it Rìběn based on the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese characters, and Korean, which call it Ilbon based on the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese characters
. Also, while many countries call European cities by their endonym, including Roma, Praha, Köln, and Napoli, the English names of many European cities are noticeably different, which are called Rome, Prague, Cologne, and Naples in the same order. These names were borrowed from French. Since French was the official language of England from the Norman invasion to King Henry V, many of the cities names came into English through French.
References

Ethnicity
Holger Mathew Pihl, Jr. (September 23, 1928 – October 3, 2018) was an American Republican politician and judge. He was the Circuit Court Judge of Washington County, Oregon until 1995, and then a Senior Judge until his retirement in 2005. He was appointed to the court by Oregon Governor Tom McCall in 1976.

Pihl was born in Portland, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon and at Northwestern University. Pihl died on October 3, 2018 in Manning, Oregon at the age of 90.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from Portland, Oregon
Politicians from Portland, Oregon
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Manning is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States. Manning was named for Martin Manning, who took up a land claim there in 1865.

References

Other websites
 Manning history from VanNatta Forestry

Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Rudolf Gelbard (4 December 1930 – 24 October 2018) was an Austrian Holocaust survivor and political campaigner. He fought against anti-Semitism and neo-Nazism. He taught in schools and universities about his experiences during the Holocaust. From 1954-1963, Gelbard worked for the Ministry of Social Affairs. He later worked as a merchant, before becoming editor of the Kurier in 1975.

Gelbard died in Vienna on 24 October 2018 at the age of 87.

References

1930 births
2018 deaths
Holocaust survivors
Austrian activists
Austrian businesspeople
People from Vienna
Tony Joe White (July 23, 1943 – October 24, 2018) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana. White was best known for his 1969 hit "Polk Salad Annie" and for "Rainy Night in Georgia", which he wrote but was first made popular by Brook Benton in 1970.

He also wrote "Steamy Windows" and "Undercover Agent for the Blues", both hits for Tina Turner in 1989. "Polk Salad Annie" was also recorded by Elvis Presley and Tom Jones.

White died of a heart attack in Nashville, Tennessee on October 24, 2018, at the age of 75.

References

1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American singer-songwriters
American guitarists
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Writers from Louisiana
Musicians from Tennessee
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Writers from Tennessee
Lindon Oscar Crow (April 4, 1933 – October 25, 2018) was an American football cornerback.

Biography 
He played professionally in the National Football League. He was named to three Pro Bowls. He was born in Denison, Texas. Crow played for the New York Giants and the Los Angeles Rams.

Crow died on October 25, 2018 in Exeter, California from complications of a stroke at the age of 85.

References

1933 births
2018 deaths
American football cornerbacks
Deaths from cerebrovascular disease
Los Angeles Rams players
New York Giants players
People from Denison, Texas
Sportspeople from Texas
Exeter is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. It is in the San Joaquin Valley near the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains. The population was 10,321 at the 2020 census.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Tulare County, California
The San Joaquin Valley ( ) is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies south of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the San Joaquin River.

It is made up of seven Northern California counties—all of Kings County; a majority of Fresno, Merced, Stanislaus counties; segments of Madera and Tulare counties—and a majority of Kern County, in Southern California.

References

Valleys of California
Fresno County, California
Kern County, California
Kings County, California
Madera County, California
Merced County, California
San Joaquin County, California
Stanislaus County, California
Tulare County, California
Central Valley of California
Oak Grove is the parish seat of West Carroll Parish in northeastern Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,174 at the 2000 census, but it declined by 447, or 20.5 percent, to 1,727 in 2010.

References

Towns in Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
Settlements in West Carroll Parish, Louisiana
Fr. Thomas Keating, O.C.S.O. (7 March 1923 – 25 October 2018) was an American Trappist monk and priest. He was born in New York City. Keating was known as one of the architects of Centering Prayer. He was a founder of the Centering Prayer movement and of Contemplative Outreach. 

Keating died on 25 October 2018 in Spencer, Massachusetts from respiratory failure at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

Contemplative Outreach
Summary of Invitation to Love
ONE: The Movie  Participation in ONE: The Movie
Thomas Keatings' books 

1923 births
2018 deaths
Christian monks
American Roman Catholic priests
Writers from New York City
Michael J. O'Connor (December 15, 1928 – October 24, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives and South Dakota State Senate. He was President Pro Tempore of the Senate from 1975 to 1976. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

O'Connor died in Sioux Falls from skin cancer on October 24, 2018 at the age of 89.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from skin cancer
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from South Dakota
People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Cancer deaths in South Dakota
Ana González González, more commonly known by her married name Ana González de Recabarren (25 July 1925 – 26 October 2018), was a Chilean human rights activist. She was born in Tocopilla, Chile.

González joined the Association of Relatives of the Disappeared Detainees (AFDD) and became one of its primary leaders alongside Sola Sierra, Viviana Díaz, and Clotario Blest. She participated in a hunger strike at the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean headquarters in Santiago.

In 1996, she was the focus of the Televisión Nacional de Chile-broadcast documentary Quiero llorar a mares and in 2001 won the Premios Ondas for Ibero-America for the Best Program or Professional or Television Station.

In June 2000, she sued former dictator Augusto Pinochet for the disappearance of her family 26 years prior.

González died from a lung infection in Santiago on 26 October 2018 at the age of 93.

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References

2018 deaths
1925 births
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Chilean human rights activists
People from Santiago
Nikolai Petrovich Karachentsov (, 27 October 1944 – 26 October 2018) was a Soviet and Russian actor. He was born in Moscow. He was known for his roles in Juno and Avos, The Dog in the Manger, and in A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines. In 1989, he was awarded the People's Artist of the RSFSR.

In 2005, Karachentsov was involved in a serious car accident that left him in a coma for a month.

In 2017 Karachentsov was diagnosed with lung cancer and underwent unsuccessful treatment in Israel. 

Karachentsov died of kidney failure in Moscow one day before his 74th birthday.

References

Other websites
 

1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Soviet actors
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Russian stage actors
Actors from Moscow
György Károly (Károly György, 31 August 1953 – 26 October 2018) was a Hungarian poet and writer. He was born in Budapest. He published his first poems in the weekly Élet és Irodalom (“Life and Literature”) magazine. His best known novels were Folyamatos május and Dunakanyaró.

Károly died on 26 October 2018 in Szigetszentmiklós, Hungary from brain cancer, aged 65.

References

Other websites
 Official website of György Károly
 Terebess Online

1953 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Hungary
Hungarian novelists
Hungarian poets
Writers from Budapest
Chappaqua (, ) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of New Castle, in northern Westchester County, New York. It is on  of land on the east bank of the Hudson River. It is about  north of New York City. 

Bill and Hillary Clinton live here. Since the 2010 census, 1,436 people live here.

References

Hamlets in New York (state)
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Burlingame () is a city in San Mateo County, California. It is located near San Francisco on the San Francisco Peninsula and has a significant shoreline on San Francisco Bay. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, Burlingame had a population of 31,386.

References 

Cities in California
Settlements in San Mateo County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Diabase (also known as dolerite or microgabbro) is an igneous rock that is often blue in colour. It is rich in magnesium and iron.
Dikes and sills in igneous rock are often made of diabase. 

Diabase is mostly a silicate feldspar known as labradorite (about 40% to 70%). Most of the rest is pyroxene minerals (usually augite). Small amounts of hornblende, olivine, magnetite, and quartz are in some diabase rocks.

References 

Igneous rocks
On October 27, 2018, a mass shooting occurred at the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Authorities reported several fatalities along with several other wounded people (including three police officers). One suspect was taken into custody.

It was reported that three people were killed on the ground level, four in the synagogue's basement and at least one other person died in the building. 

The local TV station KDKA-TV initially reported that the suspect, described as a white male with a beard, entered the synagogue and shouted "All Jews must die" before opening fire.

References

2018 mass shootings in the United States
2018 murders in the United States
2010s in Pennsylvania
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2018
Attacks on religious buildings and structures in the United States

Mass murder in 2018
Mass murder in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
October 2018 events
Synagogue shooting
Racially-motivated violence in the United States
On August 26, 2018, a fire broke out in Chicago's Mexican-American Little Village neighborhood. The fire killed 10 children, including six under the age of 12. Investigators stated that the fire started in the back of the building in a ground-floor apartment, which was vacant. 

The fire is the deadliest residential fire to have occurred in Chicago since 1958. In the aftermath of the fire, multiple violations were found in the apartment. Apartment owner, Merced Gutierrez, appearing in court for the 40 violations found at the site of the fire.

References

2018 in Illinois
2018 disasters in the United States
2018 fires
2010s in Chicago
August 2018 events
Building and structure fires in the United States
was a Japanese engineer and inventor. He was known for his electronic inventions beginning in the 1950s, including the PIN diode, static induction transistor, and static induction thyristor. He was a professor at Sophia University. Many called him the "Father of Japanese Microelectronics".

Nishizawa died on October 21, 2018 in Sendai, Japan at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
Jun-ichi Nishizawa – Biographical article on IEEE Global History Network.

1926 births
2018 deaths
Japanese engineers
Japanese inventors
Electronic engineers
People from Miyagi Prefecture‎
Erin Heather Bubley (born March 4, 1989) is an American model and actress. She is best known for her work for lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret. Heatherton was born in Skokie, Illinois. At the age of 17, Heatherton moved to New York City and signed with the Marilyn Agency.

As of December 2013 Heatherton is ranked No. 15 on Models.com top 25 sexiest models list. In 2013 it was announced that Heatherton had signed with IMG.

References

Other websites

1989 births
Living people
American movie actors
Models from Illinois
Actors from Skokie, Illinois
The Australian men's para ice hockey team (also known as Aussie Ice Roos) is the ice sledge hockey team representing Australia.  The team will make it's debut at the 2018 World Para Ice Hockey Championships in Pool C in Finland.

Roster

2018 World Championships Roster
Team Members - Darren Belling (QLD), Joe Chivers (Tas), Geoff Cook (QLD), Marty Jackson (Vic), Tao Joos (NSW), Tomas Klein (Vic), Jarred Liddicoat (QLD), Ziggy Markovic (Vic), Xavier Player (Vic), Jason Sauer (QLD), Bill Siegloff (Vic) - Management - Andrew McDowell (Chef de Mission), Emma Poynton (General Manager), Gary Farmer (Head Coach), Ben Stadtmiller (Assistant Coach)

Related pages
Australia men's national ice hockey team

References

Ice hockey
The Statue of Unity is at Sadhu Bet Island. A 12 km square lake will create the atmosphere of equality and diversity. A special trust called as “Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Rashtriya Ekta Trust” has been created for to manage the place. The statue is made with steel frame and reinforced concrete. For durability, the statue has been given bronze plating.  The statue has a 153 m high viewing deck able to hold 200 visitors. It has a panoramic view of the Sardar Sarovar Dam. 

It has been designed to withstand winds of velocity of 60 metres/second, and is also claimed to be earthquake resistant.  A total of 22,500 tons of cement forms the core structure of this monument. The iron used in the construction was collected from old farm equipment throughout India. A team of 700 Indian workers worked on the cementing and casting.

References

Statues
2018 works
Gujarat
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 — 15 December 1950) was a lawyer and influential political leader in the Indian independence movement. After independence, he played an important role in the integration of over 500 princely states into the Indian Union. He was deeply influenced by Gandhi’s ideology and principles, having worked very closely with the leader. He was the first Home Minister of Independent India and his uncompromising efforts towards consolidation of the country earned him the title "Iron Man of India".

Childhood
Vallabhai Patel was born on October 31, 1875 in Nadiad village of modern day Gujarat to Jhaverbai and Ladbai. He belongs to rich class agriculturist Patidar (leva patidar patel) community and Vallabhbhai’s father had served in the army of the Queen of Jhansi, and his mother was a very spiritual woman.
Starting his academic career in a Gujarati medium school, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel later shifted to an English medium school. In 1897, Vallabhbhai passed his high school and started preparing for law examination. He went to pursue a degree in law and travelled to England in 1910. He completed his law degree in 1913 from Inns of Court and came back to India to start his law practice in Godhra, Gujarat. For his legal proficiency, Vallabhbhai was offered many lucrative posts by the British Government but he rejected all. He was a staunch opponent of the British government and its laws and therefore decided not to work for the British.

In 1891, he married Zaverbai and the couple had two children. His daughter, Maniben Patel (1903-1990), was an activist while his son, Dahyabhai Patel (1905-1973) was a member of the parliament of India.
Patel shifted his practice to Ahmedabad. He became a member of the Gujarat Club where he attended a lecture by Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi’s words deeply affected Vallabhai and he soon adopted Gandhi’s principles to become a staunch follower of the charismatic leader. That is how deeply Gandhi’s words had affected him. He didn’t know that he would change India and start a successful career.
Role in the Indian National Movement
In 1917, Sardar Vallabhbhai was elected as the Secretary of the Gujarat Sabha, the Gujarat wing of the Indian National Congress. In 1918, he led a massive "No Tax Campaign" that urged the farmers not to pay taxes after the British insisted on tax after the floods in Kaira. The peaceful movement forced the British authorities to return the land taken away from the farmers. His effort to bring together the farmers of his area brought him the title of 'Sardar'. He actively supported the non-cooperation Movement launched by Gandhi. Patel toured the nation with him, recruited 300,000 members and helped collect over Rs.1.5 million.
In 1928, the farmers of Bardoli again faced a problem of "tax-hike". After prolonged summons, when the farmers refused to pay the extra tax, the government seized their lands in retaliation. The agitation took on for more than six months. After several rounds of negotiations by Patel, the lands were returned to farmers after a deal was struck between the government and farmers’ representatives.

In 1930, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was among the leaders who were imprisoned for participating in the famous Salt Satyagraha movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi. His inspiring speeches during the "Salt Movement" transformed the outlook of numerous people, who later played a major role in making the movement successful. He led the Satyagraha movement across Gujarat when Gandhi was under imprisonment, upon request from the congress members.
Sardar Patel was freed in 1931, following an agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India. The treaty was popularly known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. The same year, Patel was elected as the President of Indian National Congress in its Karachi session where the party deliberated its future path. Congress committed itself towards the defense of fundamental and human rights. It was in this session that the dream of a secular nation was conceived. 

During the legislative elections of 1934, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel campaigned for the Indian National Congress. Though he did not contest, Sardar Patel helped his fellow party mates during the election.
In the 1942 Quit India Movement, Patel continued his unwavering support to Gandhi when several contemporary leaders criticized the latter’s decision. He continued travelling throughout the country propagating the agenda of the movement in a series of heart-felt speeches. He was arrested again in 1942 and was imprisoned in the Ahmednagar fort till 1945 along with other Congress leaders.

Sardar Patel’s journey often saw a number of confrontations with other important leaders of the congress. He voiced his annoyance at Jawaharlal Nehru openly when the latter adopted socialism in 1936. Patel was also wary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and considered him to be "keen on more power within the party”.
Sardar Patel & the Partition of India
The separatist movement lead by Muslim League leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah led to a series of violent Hindu-Muslim riots across the country just before the independence. In Sardar Patel’s opinion, the open communal conflicts incited by the riots had the potential to establish a weak Government at the centre post-independence which will be disastrous for consolidating a democratic nation. Patel went on to work on a solution with V.P. Menon, a civil servant during December 1946 and accepted his suggestion of creating a separate dominion based on religious inclination of states. He represented India in the Partition Council.
Contributions to Post-independence India
After India achieved independence, Patel became the first Home Minister and also the Deputy Prime Minister. Patel played a very crucial role in post-independence India by successfully integrating around 565 princely states under the Indian Dominion. The British Government had presented these rulers with two alternatives - they could join India or Pakistan; or they could stay independent. This clause magnified the difficulty of process to mammoth proportions. Congress entrusted this intimidating task to Sardar Patel who started lobbying for integration on August 6, 1947. He was successful in integrating all of them barring Jammu and Kashmir, Junagarh and Hyderabad. He eventually dealt with the situation with his sharp political acumen and secured their accession. The India that we see today was a result of the efforts put in by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Influence of Gandhi
Gandhi had profound effect on Patel’s politics and thoughts. He pledged unwavering support to the Mahatma and stood by his principles allowed by night at museum and art is the most beautiful woman and through his life. While leaders including  Chakravarthy Rajagopalachari and Maulana Azad criticized Mahatma Gandhi's idea that the civil disobedience movement would compel the British to leave the nation, Patel extended his support to Gandhi. Despite the unwillingness of the Congress High Command, Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel strongly forced the All India Congress Committee to ratify the civil disobedience movement and launch it without delaying further. Upon Gandhi’s request he gave up his candidacy for the post of the Prime Minister of India. He suffered a major heart attack after Gandhiji’s death.  Although he recovered, he attributed it to having lamented silently for the loss of his mentor.
Death of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's health started declining in 1950. He realized that he was not going to live much longer. On November 2, 1950, his health became even worse and he had to stay in bed. He died because of a heart attack on December 15, 1950.

Honours after death
 1991 - He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.
 2014 - His birthday, October 31, was declared Rashtriya Ekta Divas.
 2018 - The Statue of Unity dedicated to Patel is unveiled as the world's tallest statue.
 

1875 births
1950 deaths
Indian National Congress politicians
Indian Deputy Prime Ministers
Politicians from Gujarat
The All India Trinamool Congress (abbreviated AITC, TMC or Trinamool Congress) is an Indian political party based in West Bengal.

References

1998 establishments in India
Political parties in India
West Bengal
Deadwood (Lakota: Owáyasuta; "To approve or confirm things") is a city in South Dakota, United States, and the county seat of Lawrence County. It is named after the dead trees found in its gulch. The population was 1,270 at the 2010 census. The entire city is a National Historic Landmark District, for its well-preserved Gold Rush-era architecture.

References 

Cities in South Dakota
County seats in South Dakota