Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Northern Savonia or North Savo () is a region in eastern Finland. The largest city in the region is Kuopio.

Neighbouring regions are Central Finland, Northern Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, North Karelia and Southern Savonia.

Other websites 

 Official website
Tyler Kluttz (born May 4, 1984 in Tega Cay, South Carolina) is an American professional wrestler, authority figure and referee. He is best known for his time working for the WWE under the ring name Brad Maddox. He acted as the General Manager of Raw.

Career
On the August 20, 2012 episode of Raw, Kluttz debuted on the main roster and refereed a Divas battle royal. At Hell in a Cell, he refereed the main event between CM Punk and Ryback for the WWE Championship. Maddox turned heel for the first time when he gave Ryback a low blow and then fast-counted a pin for Punk which helped Punk retain his title.

On the July 8 episode of Raw, Vickie Guerrero was fired when the fans voted that she had failed in her role of Raw Managing Supervisor. Maddox was then named as the new General Manager of Raw.
Championships
Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Briley Pierce (one) and Rick Victor (one))
FCW 15 Championship (one time)
'''Ohio Valley Wrestling
OVW Television Championship (one time)
OVW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1984 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from South Carolina
Paul Heyman (born September 11, 1965) is an American professional wrestling manager. He is currently working for the WWE. He has also worked as a promoter, commentator, and journalist.

He is best known as the owner and creator of Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). He also worked in World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

Career
On the May 7, 2012 episode of Raw, Heyman returned to the WWE as Brock Lesnar's legal advisor. When Lesnar left, Heyman aligned himself with CM Punk on the September 3 episode of Raw when he was seen driving a car which Punk entered. He managed Punk until Money in the Bank when Heyman turned on Punk by smashing him with a ladder while he was climbing up another ladder. He returned on the December 30th edition of Raw and returned to being the manager of Brock Lesnar.
On April 6, 2014, Heyman was the manager of Lesnar when Lesnar conquered The Undertaker's undefeated streak at WrestleMania XXX. This was the first loss at WrestleMania. Paul Heyman is also the manager of Cesaro, who revealed himself to be a "Paul Heyman guy" on the next Raw.

Awards
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Manager of the Year (1992)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2005)
Best Booker (1994–1997, 2002)
Best on Interviews (2013)
Best Non-Wrestler (2001–2002, 2004, 2012–2013)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1965 births
Living people
Jewish American sportspeople
Professional Wrestling broadcasters
Sportspeople from New York (state)
WWE people
Alan Parsons (born 20 December 1948) is an English audio engineer, musician, and record producer. In 1975 he started a progressive rock band called The Alan Parsons Project.

Other websites

 
 
 Alan Parsons Music Official Site
 Alan Parsons Project Official Site
 The Avenue, The Official Alan Parsons Fan Club
 Crawdaddy! "Parsons Knows: The Tale of Alan Parsons and Edgar Allan Poe" 
Alan Parsons Project official website

1948 births
English rock musicians
Living people
Musicians from London
British audio engineers
A style is referring to how you address a person in a formal manner. It varies on the status of a person. For example a married woman would be addressed as Mrs (). A prince would be addressed as His Royal Highness. A male (regardless of being married) would be addressed as Mr.

Examples

Mrs Smith.
Mr Smith
Master Smith (Master is usually used by the oldest son in this case the oldest son of the Smith family).
His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales.
His Serene Highness The Prince of Monaco. 
Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia.

Other styles of address

Your Lordship or your Ladyship is how minor members of nobility are addressed.
The Right Honourable is traditionally used by Prime Ministers.
His Grace The Duke of Devonshire. A style used by English/British Dukes.

Related pages 
 Highness
 Honorific
 Diplomacy
 Protocol (diplomacy)

Notes

References 
 

Styles (manners of address)
Many past and present European monarchies have reserved titles used just by the heir apparent to the throne. The famous example of this is Charles, Prince of Wales, former heir to the British throne. Many heir have had “crown prince” as their title.

Titles in present and former kingdoms
Present Kingdoms 
Crown Prince of Denmark, used by the heir to the Kingdom of Denmark.
The present heir is Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark. 
Crown Prince of Norway, used by the heir to the Kingdom of Norway.
The present heir is Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. 
Crown Prince of Sweden, used by the heir to the Kingdom of Sweden. 
The present heir is Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden who holds the title in her own right.
Duke of Brabant, used by the heir to the Kingdom of Belgium. 
The title of Crown Prince of Belgium was also used once but later abandoned after the death of Crown Prince Louis Philippe.
The present heir is Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant.
Prince of Asturias, used by the heir to the Kingdom of Spain. 
In addition, the heir holds the titles of Prince of Viana, Prince of Girona, Duke of Montblanc, Count of Cervera and Lord of Balaguer.
The present heir is Leonor, Princess of Asturias.
Prince of Orange, used by the heir to the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The present heir is Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange.
Prince of Wales, used by the heir to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 
In addition, the heir holds the titles of Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.
The present heir is William, Prince of Wales.
Former Kingdoms 
Crown Prince of Greece, used by the heir to throne of Greece while the country was a monarchy. 
The title Duke of Sparta was used once for Crown Prince Constantine I but abandoned for being contrary to the constitution.
Crown Prince of Hanover, used by the heir to the former Kingdom of Hanover before its annexation by Prussia.
Crown Prince of Prussia & German crown prince, used by the heir to the German Empire.
Dauphin of France, used by the heir to the throne of France while the country was a monarchy.
Duke of Tarnovo, used by the heir to the throne of Bulgaria while the country was a monarchy.
King of the Romans, used by the heir of the Holy Roman Emperor and thus the person expected to rule over the Holy Roman Empire.
Prince Royal of Portugal, used by the heir to the throne of Portugal while the country was a monarchy. 
The title held by the heir used to be Prince of Brazil, Duke of Braganza.
Tsarevich of Russia, used by the heir to the Russian Empire.
Titles in present Principalities and Grand Duchies
Hereditary Prince of Monaco, used by the heir to the Principality of Monaco. 
Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, used by the heir to the Principality of Liechtenstein. 
Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, used by the heir to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Territories prior to unification
German states 
Prior to the unification of Germany, the area was made up of dozens of small principalities such as Duchies and Grand Duchies and most of them used the titles of Hereditary Grand Duke or Hereditary Prince [followed by name of state] such as:
His Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, heir to the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
His Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, heir to the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
His Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg, heir to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.
His Royal Highness The Hereditary Prince of Baden, heir to the Grand Duchy of Baden. 
 His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, heir to the Electorate of the Palatinate.
 His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, heir to the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont.
His Highness The Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, heir to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Italian states 
Prior to the unification of Italy, the area was made up of independent Kingdoms, Duchies and Grand Duchies.
Grand Prince of Tuscany, used by the heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Hereditary Prince of Naples, used by the heir to the Kingdom of Naples. 
After the unification with Sicily in 1825, the title Duke of Calabria was used by the heir to the throne.
Hereditary Prince of Modena, used by the heir to the Duchy of Modena.
Hereditary Prince of Parma, used by the heir to the Duchy of Parma.
Prince of Piedmont, used by the heir to the Duchy of Savoy. 
When the duchy became the Kingdom of Sardinia, the title Duke of Savoy was also used by the heir to the throne.
Examples
Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany known as the Grand Prince all his life as he never succeeded dying before his father. 
Philippe of Belgium present day King of the Belgians who was known as the Duke of Brabant from 1993-2013. 
King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia was known as the Duke of Savoy from 1726-1773. 
Emperor Wilhelm II - known as the Crown Prince of Prussia & German crown prince for 6 months in 1888. 
Queen Charlotte of Württemberg known as The Hereditary Princess of Württemberg for five months in 1797.

References 
 

Titles
Royalty and nobility
Ramona is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Lake County, and 174 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in South Dakota
Wentworth is a village in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the only village in South Dakota. All other places where people live are either towns or cities. It is located in Lake County, and 171 people lived there at the 2010 census. Wentworth became a village in 1896.

References

Villages in the United States
Settlements in South Dakota
Nunda is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Lake County, and 43 people lived there at the 2010 census. Nunda was founded in 1906.

References

Towns in South Dakota
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in South Dakota
Short-track speed skating is a type of ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (usually between four and six) skate on an oval ice track. The track is 111.12 metres all the way around. The rink itself measures 60 m by 30 m.

World Championships have been held since 1981. It has been a Winter Olympic sport since 1992.

Other websites 

Speed skating
Skeleton is a winter sport in which a person rides a small sled down a frozen track. The person lays face down on the sled, and rides head forward. It had been played at the Winter Olympics since 2002; before that, it had also been played in the 1928 and 1948 Games.

Skeleton is a dangerous sport. Riders can reach speeds of .

Related pages 
 Bobsled

Other websites 

 Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Toboganning (FIBT) World governing body.

Winter sports
The 2013 El Reno tornado happened on May 31, 2013. It happened close to the city of El Reno, Oklahoma in central Oklahoma. It was the widest tornado ever recorded. This tornado also was found to have some of the strongest winds ever found. One mobile Doppler radar found very high winds of 296 miles per hour. These winds are slightly less than the 301 mile per hour winds detected in a tornado on May 3, 1999 while it was close to Bridge Creek, Oklahoma in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.

Notes

References

Tornadoes in the United States
2010s in Oklahoma
2013 in the United States
El Reno tornado
The Division of Fadden is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1977 and is named after Sir Arthur Fadden, Prime Minister of Australia in 1941. At first it included a large area south of Brisbane, but today it covers the northern Gold Coast area, including Alberton, Arundel, Biggera Waters, Coombabah, Coomera, Gaven, Gilberton, Helensvale, Hollywell, Hope Island, Jacobs Well, Labrador, Molendinar, Norwell, Paradise Point, Parkwood, Runaway Bay, Stapylton, Steiglitz, Woongoolba and parts of Ormeau, Oxenford, Pacific Pines, Pimpama and Southport. South Stradbroke Island and other islands in the Broadwater and South Moreton Bay.

Members

David Cameron lost his seat in the 1983 election, but was elected to the Division of Moreton in a by-election. David Beddall did not stand for Fadden in 1984, but changed to the Division of Rankin. David Jull was Minister for Administrative Services at the start of the Howard Government.

Election results

References
References

Other websites
 Division of Fadden (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
 Stuart Rpbert's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Queensland
1977 establishments in Australia
Nicola Sacco (22 April 1891 – 23 August 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (11 June 1888 – 23 August 1927) were two Italian men who were convicted of murder in the United States in 1920. They were convicted of killing two men during an armed robbery in Braintree, Massachusetts.

Sacco and Vanzetti were immigrants to the country. Both were anarchists who supported rebellion against governments that were violent and oppressive.
The jury found Sacco and Vanzetti guilty of murder on 14 July 1921. The case drew attention from around the world. As details of the trial became public, many protests were held against their conviction. Sacco and Vanzetti were eventually executed on 23 August 1927. Since their deaths, scholars have mostly agreed that Sacco and Vanzetti were wrongfully convicted. They also did not speak English so they could not get a defense attorney themselves. This would not have mattered because they could not afford an attorney anyway. Eventually, in 23 August 1927, they were executed by electric chair.

References 

1927
1920s in the United States
20th century in Massachusetts
Italian anarchists
People executed by electric chair
Trials
American murderers
Highness is a style of address historically used for princes and princesses of minor nobility. As such it is much lower in terms of rank when compared to Royal Highness and Imperial Highness.

Highness is literally and, historically, the quality of being lofty or above. It is used as a term to evoke dignity or honour, and to acknowledge the importance or high rank of the person being addressed. The short way to write it is HH. However it is outranked by Grand Ducal Highness. The style was often used by low-level nobility of the Holy Roman Empire.

Historical examples
His Highness The Duke of Aosta. A future King of Sardinia who was known as the Duke of Aosta prior to succession. Known as this from 27 April 1701 – 22 March 1715. 
His Highness The Prince of Piedmont, Later used Royal Highness after his father was created a King.

Related pages
Titles of European royal heirs

Styles (manners of address)
Liev Isaac Schreiber (; born October 4, 1967) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. He was known for his role in Scream, Phantoms, The Sum of All Fears,  X-Men Origins: Wolverine, Salt, Taking Woodstock, and in The Butler.

Schreiber was born on October 4, 1967 in San Francisco, California.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Interview with Details 
 Interview with Men's Vogue 
 Interview with W magazine 

Tony Award winning actors
Drama Desk Award winners
1967 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from San Francisco
Henry Judah Heimlich (February 3, 1920 – December 17, 2016) was an American thoracic surgeon. He is known as the inventor of the Heimlich maneuver.  It is a technique of abdominal thrusts for stopping choking.

Heimlich, born in Wilmington, Delaware on February 3, 1920. He died from complications from a heart attack in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged 96.

References

Other websites
 Biography page  at the Heimlich Institute
 Henry Heimlich Archival Collection Finding Aid
 Outmaneuvered: How We Busted the Heimlich Medical Frauds by Peter M. Heimlich

1920 births
2016 deaths
American surgeons
Scientists from Wilmington, Delaware
Jewish American scientists
Cornell University alumni
Medical researchers
People from New Rochelle, New York
Scientists from New York (state)
The "ash heap of history", also called "dustbin of history" or "garbage heap of history" or "landfill of history", is a figurative speech about people, events, artifacts, and ideologies. It is used about people that are forgotten or things that will be forgotten in history.

Ronald Reagan used this speech as an example and the Soviet Union, Leninism, and Marxism will eventually fall and be forgotten.

Leon Trotsky once famously used the phrase "dustbin of history" referring to when the Mensheviks walked out of a meeting during the Russian Revolution in 1917.

Speeches by Ronald Reagan
"Morning in America" is the common name of a political campaign television commercial. The ad was part of the 1984 U.S. presidential campaign of Republican Party candidate Ronald Reagan. It was narrated by Hal Riney.

It shows a montage of pictures of Americans going to work and a calm, optimistic narration that suggested the improvements to the U.S. economy since his 1980. The term was used many times during Reagan's presidency. 

Ronald Reagan
Political slogans
Dame Eileen June Atkins, DBE (born 16 June 1934) is an English actress and occasional screenwriter. She has worked in the theatre, movies, and television consistently since 1953. 

She has been nominated for many awards such as a BAFTA Award. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 2001.

Other websites

Eileen Atkins interviewed by Beth Stevens about performing in Doubt on Broadway
Eileen Atkins interviewed on Theater Talk about performing in Doubt on Broadway 
 Performance details listed at the Theatre Collection archive, University of Bristol

Emmy Award winning actors
Drama Desk Award winners
1934 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Ranjit Bhatia OBE (c. 1936 – 9 February 2014) was an Indian athlete. He ran in the marathon and 5000 meters events at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. 

Bhatia studied at the Lawrence School, Sanawar. He was then a Rhodes scholar at Oxford University, matriculating at Jesus College in 1957. He retired as Reader in Mathematics from St. Stephen's College, Delhi. 

Bhatia died on 9 February 2014 at the age of 77.

References

1936 births
2014 deaths
Indian athletes
Clarence Williams III (August 21, 1939 – June 4, 2021) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as "Linc Hayes" on the iconic "hippie" cop show The Mod Squad (1968-1973). He was nominated for a Tony Award. His last movie role was in the 2013 movie The Butler.

Williams III was born on August 21, 1939 in New York City. He died of colon cancer on June 4, 2021 in Los Angeles, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 Clarence Williams III at AllMovie
 

1939 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo (born 1 April 1976) is a British actor, director and producer. He portrayed Louis Gaines in Lee Daniels' 2013 film The Butler. He also provided the voice of Scar in The Lion Guard.

Oyelowo lives in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Actors from Oxfordshire
British movie actors
British stage actors
British television actors
British voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Oxford
Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman (better known as H. R. Haldeman; October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman. He was White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon. He committed crimes in the Watergate scandal.

Early life
Haldeman was born on October 27, 1926 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Watergate scandal
His role in the Watergate cover-up forced him to resign from government. Haldeman was tried on counts of perjury, conspiracy and obstruction of justice. Haldeman was found guilty and imprisoned for 18 months. Upon his release he returned to private life and was a successful businessman.

Death
Haldeman died on November 12, 1993 in Santa Barbara, California from stomach cancer, aged 67.

References

More reading
 Haldeman H.R. 1994. The Haldeman diaries: inside the Nixon White House. New York: Putnam.
Other websites
 Washington Post profile of Haldeman
 Washington Post Haldeman Obituary
 Ford Library & Museum:The Watergate Files
 Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: H.R. Haldeman
 Watergate trial of H.R. Haldeman, courtroom sketches.
 Spartacus Educational Biography 
 The Testimony of John Ehrlichman & H. R. Haldeman  at Smithsonian Folkways

1926 births
1993 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from stomach cancer
Politicians from Los Angeles
Republican Party (United States) politicians
White House Chiefs of Staff
Christian Scientists
His Grace or Her Grace is a style of address used for various high-ranking persons. It was the style used to address the King or Queen of Scots up to the Act of Union of 1707.  It was also used to address monarchs of England before Henry VIII. Today, the style is used when referring to dukes and duchesses in the United Kingdom, who are not members of the royal family. Your Grace would be used in spoken or written address. Royal dukes, for example The Duke of York, are addressed with their higher royal title, Royal Highness.

Examples
 His Grace The Duke of Ormonde. 
His Grace The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
His Grace The Duke of Marlborough. The title of the Spencer-Churchill family from which Winston Churchill descends.
His Grace The Duke of Bedford.
Ecclesiastical usage
The style "His Grace" and "Your Grace" is used in England and other English-speaking countries to address Roman Catholic archbishops. This is not common in other countries (for example in France and the United States Roman Catholic bishops are addressed using the style "Excellency"). In the Eastern Orthodox Church it is used for bishops and abbots. The style is also used for an archbishop and some bishops in the Anglican Church.  In the United Methodist Church in the United States, bishops are addressed "Your Grace" (spoken style, and "His/Her Grace" (reference style). In the Church of God in Christ, the Presiding Bishop's style is "His Holy Grace" and "Your Holy Grace". The bishop's reference style is "His Eminence" and the spoken style is "Your Eminence". 

International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON—Hare Krishna) devotees prefix the name of their founder, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, with "His Divine Grace".
In Islam several Sufi orders (such as the Qadrianis and Hawariyun) may refer to their spiritual Grand Masters with the epithet "(Most) Graceful ..." or "His Grace" in reference style while the spoken style is "(Most) Graceful".

Other British dukedoms that use the style

Lennox
Rutland
Richmond
Rutland
Norfolk
Portland
Grafton
Devonshire
Somerset
Westminster
Bedford

Notes

References 

Styles (manners of address)
Jessica Oyelowo (born Jessica Watson in 1978) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in Murphy's Law, Mayo, and in Hex. 

She studied at Woodbridge School. She was a member of the National Youth Music Theatre. She lives in Los Angeles with her husband, actor David Oyelowo, and their three sons.

Other websites
BBC Mayo
tv.com 

1978 births
Living people
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Yusuf Kironde Lule (10 April 1912 – 21 January 1985) was a Ugandan politician. He was the President of Uganda. He served as president from 13 April and 20 June 1979. His name is sometimes spelled Yusufu.

Lule died on 21 January 1985 at Hammersmith Hospital in London of kidney failure.

References

1912 births
1985 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Presidents of Uganda
Glynis Johns (born 5 October 1923) is a British stage and movie actress, dancer, pianist and singer. She is the daughter of Welsh actor Mervyn Johns.

She is best known for her role as Desiree Armfeldt in A Little Night Music on Broadway. She won a Tony Award for this role. She played Winifred Banks in Walt Disney's musical motion picture box office smash, Mary Poppins.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Glynis Johns images
 Glynis Johns at the Disney Legends website

1923 births
Living people
British centenarians
British dancers
British pianists
People from Pretoria
Tony Award winning actors
20th-century British people
Disney people
Drama Desk Award winners
English actors
English singers
Grammy Award winners
Musical theater actors
People from Ballarat
Welsh movie actors
Welsh singers
Welsh stage actors
Welsh television actors
The Saint Valentine's Day massacre was a mass murder that took place in Chicago, Illinois, United States, on the morning of 14 February 1929. It was the most infamous event in the history of crime in the United States.

Background 
Al Capone was the most powerful bootlegger in Chicago. By 1929 he had eliminated several of his rival crime bosses. The last one on his "list" was Bugs Moran. Capone was trying to appear as if he was retired to Florida. So Capone didn't want to be seen as starting another gang war. Instead, Capone gave the order to one of his associates, Jack McGurn, to eliminate Bugs Moran.
Massacre 
On the morning of 14 February, McGurn lured Moran and his men to a warehouse on Clark street. The bait was a stolen truckload of whisky they could buy cheap. Seven of Moran's men were there to inspect the load. A police car pulled up outside the building and several of Capone's men dressed in Chicago police uniforms went in and pretended to arrest Moran's men. When they were lined up against a wall when the killers pulled out Thompson submachine guns and opened fire. Six of the seven men were killed. Moran himself was just arriving when he saw the police car and escaped without notice.

At this time murder was not a federal offense. Most of the killers McGurn hired were from out of town. Police departments from different cities rarely could work together to solve crimes at that time. So the killers knew if they simply left Chicago after the massacre nobody could touch them.
Newspapers ran stories of the gangster shootings and prohibition lawlessness in Chicago. These were complete with detailed photographs of the murders. At first many thought the Chicago police had committed the massacre. But most people in Chicago thought Al Capone was behind the murders. Capone had an alibi. He was at his winter home in Palm Beach, Florida when the murders took place. The suspicions finally resulted in the arrests of Vincenzio Damora and John Scalise. These were two of Capone's known henchmen. Scalise was charged with the murders after Damora came up with an alibi. But Capone murdered Scalise personally before he could stand trial. Public opinion also put pressure on the FBI to arrest Capone with any charge they could. In 1931 they finally charged him with tax evasion and sent him to prison. Capone was sent to Alcatraz for eleven years. When he was finally released he was too sick to continue his crime career. He died in 1947
. He died in 1947. Prohibition was repealed in 1933 which all but eliminated bootlegging.
Notes

References 

1929 in the United States
1920s in Illinois
20th century in Chicago
Crime in Illinois
February events
Mass shootings in the United States
Massacres in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
The Frozen Ground is a 2013 American crime movie based on a true story. It tells the story of a woman who helped to catch serial killer Robert Hansen in 1983. Hansen murdered 17 young women, and kidnapped and raped at least 30 others, in Alaska during the 1970s and early 1980s.

The movie stars Vanessa Hudgens as Cindy Paulson, Nicolas Cage as Sergeant Jack Halcombe, and John Cusack as Hansen.

The movie guest stars James Maslow as Daniel O' Brian and Kendall Schmidt as Riley McKessie.

The movie was released August 23, 2013 in North America. The reviews of the movie were mixed.

References

Other websites 

2013 thriller movies
2013 crime drama movies
2010s serial killer movies
Movies set in Alaska
2010s American crime drama movies
2010s American crime thriller movies
American serial killer movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in the 1980s
Rape in movies
Lionsgate movies
Alexander Frederik Paul "Frits" Thors (13 September 1909 – 19 April 2014) was a Dutch journalist and television and news anchor. He was best known for being the newscaster of the NTS-Journaal from 1965 until 1972.

Thors was born in on 13 September 1909 in Amsterdam, North Holland. He retired in 1979.

Thors died from natural causes on 19 April 2014 in Laren, North Holland. He was 104.

References

1909 births
2014 deaths
Dutch centenarians
Dutch journalists
Dutch television presenters
Writers from Amsterdam
The small village of Happisburgh on the coast of Norfolk has evidence of the earliest modern man.

The oldest hominin footprints in Europe are in Britain. They are about 800,000 years to a million years old. They were found on Happisburgh beach, East Anglia in May 2013.

The archaeologists describe them as "the oldest known hominin footprint surface outside Africa at between ca. 1 million and 0.78 million years ago". The site is known for its preservation of sediments with early Pleistocene fauna and flora. Since 2005 flint tools have been found. This means humans occupied northern Europe at least 350,000 years earlier than was thought before.
The footprints were found in sediment, partially covered by beach sand, at low tide on the shore at Happisburgh. Stormy weather had washed away the sand, leaving the sediment exposed. Because the sediment was soft, and lay below the high tide mark, the tides quickly eroded the exposed sediment, and in two weeks the footprints had all been destroyed. The team worked during low tides, often in pouring rain, to record 3D images of all the footprints.

Archaeology
Archaeology

In 2010, Simon Parfitt and colleagues from University College London discovered flint tools near Happisburgh. The tools were dated to "somewhere between 866,000 to 814,000 years ago or 970,000 to 936,000 years ago", around 100,000 years earlier than the finds at Pakefield. The flints were probably left by hunter-gatherers of the human species Homo antecessor who inhabited the flood plains and marshlands that bordered an ancient course of the river Thames. The flints were then washed downriver and came to rest at the Happisburgh site. In May 2013 the oldest human footprints outside of Africa, being more than 800,000 years old, were reported to have been discovered on the beach.

References 

important-of-water
Archaeological sites in England
Alexander I served as the fifth Pope of the Catholic Church; the official title is the Bishop of Rome.  His years of service can only be approximated to be ca. 109-116 C.E.  

Early sixth-century writings attribute Alexander with inserting the words now used in the Holy Eurachist or Holy Communion of the Catholic Mass.  These words are taken from the New Testament and are said to be the words of Jesus Christ at the Last Supper.  He is also said to have started the practice of the blessing of homes with holy water, water blessed by the Pope or any priest.

He was made a Saint by the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated on May 3.

Reference 

Linus
Year of birth unknown
115 deaths
Pope Sixtus I (also known as Xystus) was the sixth successor to Saint Peter as the Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church.  He served from approximately 116-125 C.E.

He decreed that the people should chant with the priest during the Sanctus at the Holy Communion section of the Catholic Mass.

He is considered a Saint by the Catholic Church.  He died a martyr.  His feast day is April 3 or 6.

Reference 

Linus
40s births
Year of birth unknown
William Patrick Roache OBE (born 25 April 1932) is an English actor. He has played the role of Ken Barlow in the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, since its first episode on 9 December 1960.

Early life
Roache was born in Basford, Nottinghamshire. He grew up in Ilkeston, Derbyshire.

Career
Roache played the leading role in a Granada Television play called Marking Time. It was shown on ITV in 1961. In a 2007 interview, Roache said, "Tony Warren, who created Coronation Street, saw it and thought I was right for Ken Barlow." In 2008, Roache's autobiography Soul on the Street was published.

Personal life
Roache lives in Wilmslow, Cheshire. He supports the Conservative Party.

Sex crime charges
On 1 May 2013, Roache was arrested at his home on suspicion of raping a 15-year-old girl in the 1960s.

References

Other websites
 

1932 births
Living people
English television actors
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People acquitted of sex crimes
Actors from Derbyshire
Actors from Nottinghamshire
Mad Men is set in the 1960s. The scene is the fictional Sterling Cooper advertising agency on Madison Avenue in New York City. Later it becomes the newly created company, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (later Sterling Cooper & Partners). According to the show's pilot, the phrase "Mad men" was a slang term started in the 1950s by advertisers working on Madison Avenue to refer to themselves. This claim has since been denied. The main character is Don Draper (Jon Hamm), creative director at Sterling Cooper and a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce. The plot focuses on the business of the advertising agency as well as the personal lives of the characters.
Mad Men has received widespread critical acclaim, particularly for its historical authenticity, visual style, costume design, acting, writing, and directing. The show has won many awards, including fifteen Emmys and four Golden Globes. It is the first basic cable series to win the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series, winning it in each of its first four seasons. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it sixth in its list of the sixty greatest dramas of all time. It was ranked seventh in a list of the 101 best-written TV series of all time by the Writers Guild of America.

References
References 

1960s in fiction
2007 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
2000s American workplace television series
2010s American drama television series
2010s American workplace television series
American workplace drama television series
Emmy Award winning programs
Manhattan in fiction
Period television series
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Northern Ostrobothnia, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa is a region in Finland. Regions around of Northern Ostrobothnia are Finnish Lapland, Kainuu, Northern Savonia, Central Finland and Central Ostrobothnia.

As of November 2013 there were over 400,000 people living there. It is one of the largest regions in Finland.

Other websites 
 Webpages

North Ostrobothnia
Kymenlaakso is a region in Finland. As of November 2013, there were over 180,000 people living there. Neighbouring regions are Uusimaa, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Savonia and South Karelia.

Municipalities in the region are Hamina, Iitti, Kotka, Kouvola, Miehikkälä, Pyhtää and Virolahti. Kymenlaakso was one most earliest industrialized areas in Finland, since around the 1800s.

Other websites 
 Webpages

Kymenlaakso
This article is about the transportation of illegal liquor. For the computer use of the term bootlegging see Copyright infringement of software.

Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of taking alcoholic beverages where they are against the law. It is usually done to evade taxation or prohibition laws.

Rum-running usually means smuggling over water. The term is thought to come from the start of the Prohibition era in the United States. This is when ships from Bimini in the western Bahamas transported cheap rum to Florida to be sold illegally. But there was little profit in cheap rum. They soon started smuggling Canadian whisky, French champagne, and English gin to major cities like New York City and Boston. This gave them a high profit. It was said that some ships carried $200,000 worth of alcohol in a single trip.
Bootlegging usually means smuggling over land. It is thought the term "bootlegging" started during the American Civil War. Soldiers would sneak liquor into army camps by hiding bottles of liquor in their boots or under their trouser legs.

References 

Organized crime
Alcoholic drinks
Southern Savonia or South Savo is a region in Finland. Neighbouring regions are Central Finland, Päijänne Tavastia, Northern Savonia, North Karelia, Kymenlaakso and South Karelia.

There are three cities in Southern Savonia: Mikkeli, Pieksämäki and Savonlinna.

Other websites 

 Official website
Satakunta is a region in western Finland. As of November 2013, there were almost 225,000 people living there. Neighbouring regions are Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, Southern Ostrobothnia and  Ostrobothnia.

Other websites 

 Official website

Satakunta
Burnaby is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The population of Burnaby was 126,456 in 2011. The mayor of Burnaby is Derek Corrigan.

The city was named after Robert Burnaby, a legislator, speaker, Freemason and explorer. The largest commercial mall in British Columbia, is Metropolis at Metrotown is located in Burnaby.

References

Other websites
Official website

Cities in British Columbia
1892 establishments in North America
1890s establishments in Canada
Árpád Prandler (23 February 1930 – 5 February 2014) was a Hungarian professor of international law and a jurist. From 1952 he taught at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest. He served as an ad litem Judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (2006–2013). The court is based in The Hague, Netherlands. Prandler died on 5 February 2014, at the age of 83.

Diplomat 

Between 1963 and 1968 Prandler was the counselor to the Hungarian delegation to the United Nations in New York. From 1976 he was appointed a special ambassador. From 1995 to 2002 he was a leader of the Hungarian delegation. He took part in the in the International Criminal Court. He was elected to the UN General Assembly and was the chairman of the legal committee. In 2005 UN General Assembly established a committee to investigate war crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia. Prandler was a key part of the process.
Selected works
Az ENSZ Biztonsági Tanácsa. Budapest: Közgazdasági és Jogi. 1974.
Nemzetközi szervezetek és intézmények. ed. Prandler, Árpád. Budapest: Aula. 2001.  (co-author)
Nemzetközi szervezetek és intézmények. ed. Prandler, Árpád. Second edition. Budapest: Aula. 2005.  (co-author)

References

Sources
MTI Ki Kicsoda 2006, Magyar Távirati Iroda, Budapest, 2005, p. 1390.
Prandler Árpád életrajta a Nemzetközi Törvényszék honlapján
Az Index cikke Prandler hágai bíróvá történt megválasztásáról

1930 births
2014 deaths
Hungarian academics
Judges
United Nations officials
Joseph Eugene Stiglitz, ForMemRS, FBA (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor of Jewish descent. He works at Columbia University.

He won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (2001) and the John Bates Clark Medal (1979). He is a former senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank, and is a former member, and Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. He won the Nobel Prize for discovering that some things happen in the economy because some people know more things than others.

He is known for his critical view of the management of globalization, free-market economists (whom he calls "free market fundamentalists"), and some international institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

References

Further reading
Further reading

Other websites
  josephstiglitz.com
 Joseph E. Stiglitz at Columbia University
 Joseph Stiglitz  committee chair profile at Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University
 Information and the Change in the Paradigm in Economics 2001 lecture at NobelPrize.org
 Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc
 Publications at the National Bureau of Economic Research

1943 births
Living people
American economists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
People from Gary, Indiana
United States Council of Economic Advisers
Columbia University faculty
Robert Horton (Meade Howard Horton, Jr., July 29, 1924 – March 9, 2016) was an American television actor. Horton was known for his role as Flint McCullough in the NBC western show Wagon Train. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Horton died at a clinic in Los Angeles, California on March 9, 2016. He was aged 91.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Official site

1924 births
2016 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Stuart McPhail Hall (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born cultural theorist and sociologist.

Hall, with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, was one of the founding figures of British Cultural Studies. He was President of the British Sociological Association 1995–97. In the 1950s Hall was a founder of the influential New Left Review.

Hall become a Professor of Sociology at the Open University. Hall retired from the Open University in 1997 and was a Professor Emeritus. British newspaper The Observer called him "one of the country's leading cultural theorists".

Hall died on 10 February 2014, from complications following kidney failure a week after his eighty second birthday.

Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe

References
References

Other websites
 Obituary in The Independent by Marcus Williamson
 John O'Hara interview with Stuart Hall for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program, originally broadcast 5 May 1983: The Narrative Construction of Reality - Stuart Hall . Republished in centerforbookculture.org's "Context" online edition, No. 10. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
 Mitchell, Don. Chapter 24: Stuart Hall. In: Key Thinkers on Space and Place. Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, Gill Valentine (2004), pp. 160ff. .
 Marxist Media Theory
 A brief biography 

1932 births
2014 deaths
British sociologists
Academics of the Open University
Jamaican writers
Marxists
Antonio Gramsci (; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian writer, politician, political theorist, philosopher, sociologist, and linguist. He was a founding member and onetime leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime.

Gramsci was one of the most important Marxist thinkers in the 20th century. He is a notable figure within modern European thought and his writings analyze culture and political leadership called "hegemony". He is known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how states use cultural institutions to maintain power in capitalist societies.

Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe

References
References

Other websites
 Gramsci's writings at MIA
 The International Gramsci Society
 "Notes on Language". TELOS
 Fondazione Instituto Gramsci
 Special issue of International Socialism journal with a collection on Gramsci's legacy 
 Roberto Robaina: Gramsci and revolution: a necessary clarification
 Dan Jakopovich: Revolution and the Party in Gramsci's Thought: A Modern Application

1891 births
1937 deaths
20th-century Italian people
Italian politicians
Italian writers
Italian philosophers
European sociologists
Marxists
Italian communists
Raymond Henry Williams (31 August 1921 – 26 January 1988) was a Welsh academic, novelist and critic.

He was an important person in the New Left movement and in wider culture. His writings on politics, culture, the mass media and literature are a significant contribution to the Marxist critique of culture and the arts.

Some 750,000 copies of his books have sold in UK editions alone and there are many translations available. His work laid the foundations for the field of cultural studies and the cultural materialist approach.

References
References

Further reading
 Pinkney, Tony, editor. Raymond Williams. Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan, England: Seren Books, 1991.
 Politics and Letters (London, New Left Books, 1979) gives the author's own account of his life and work
 Smith, Dai. Raymond Williams: A Warrior's Tale. Cardigan: Parthian, 2008.
 Stevenson, Nick. Culture, Ideology, and Socialism: Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson. Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1995.
Tredell, Nicolas. Uncancelled Challenge: the work of Raymond Williams. Nottingham: Paupers' Press, 1990. 
 Ward, J. P.  Raymond Williams in the Writers of Wales series.  University of Wales Press, 1981.
 Williams, Daniel, editor. Who Speaks for Wales?: Nation, Culture, Identity, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2003.
Other websites
The Raymond Williams Society
Museum of Broadcast Communications article about Raymond Williams 
Maurice Cowling on Raymond Williams
Selections from Keywords 
Raymond Williams Centre for Recovery Research
Raymond Williams page at The Literary Encyclopedia
Raymond Williams Worldcat Identity 

1921 births
1988 deaths
British communists
British critics
British military personnel of World War II
Marxists
Welsh writers
Kushtagi  is a panchayat town in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is part of the Koppal district.

Historically city gets its name by a disease called kushta roga in Kannada. It is believed British rulers used this village as a camp to seperate out and keep the deceased people here.

In the 2001 census, Kushtagi had a population of 21,180.

Kushtagi is well connected by road to Bangalore, Hubli, Raichur, Bagalkot and other major cities. The nearest major airport is in Hubli. Koppal and Hospet have the nearest railway stations to Kushtagi.

Villages in the Kushtagi area include:
 Vanageri
 Varikal
 Virupapur
 Yelbunchi
 Yelburthi
 Yerigeri
 Zhoolkunti
 Zhunjalkoppa

Though India got independence from British. It was under Nizams of Hyderabad when rest of the India was struggling for independence. Nizams continued to rule it even post Independent India And kushtagi had to carry a seperate fight to get its independence.

References 

Towns in Karnataka
Yelburga is a panchayat town in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is part of the Koppal district.

In the 2001 census of India, Yelburga had a population of 11,437.

Villages in Yelburga include:
 Vangera
 Vanjabhavi
 Watparvi
 Yadiapur
 Yapaldinni
 Yarihanchinal
 Yeddoni

References

Towns in Karnataka
Gangawati (or Gangavati, ) is a town, municipality and taluk in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is part of the Koppal district.

In the 2001 census of India, Gangawati had a population of 93,249.

Near Gangawati is Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is  south-west of the town.

Villages in Gangawati include:
 Varankhed
 Vipra
 Virupapuragaddi
 Yemmigudda

References 

Towns in Karnataka
Koppal () is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the capital of the 
Koppal district. Koppal was an important town in the history of Karnataka. It contains historical temples and ruins.

Koppal is surrounded by many smaller villages, such as Wanballary, Yettinhatti and Yelamgera.

References

Towns in Karnataka
Pål Eugen Bucher Skjønberg (20 October 1919 – 3 February 2014) was a Norwegian actor. He was born in Stavanger. He was the son of actors Eugen and Henny Skjønberg. He started acting in 1946. He retired in 1991.

Skjønberg died on 3 February 2014, aged 94. He was outlived by his two children with actress, Elisabeth Bang.

References

Other websites
 

1919 births
2014 deaths
Norwegian movie actors
Norwegian stage actors
Norwegian television actors
People from Stavanger