Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Genetics
Genetics affect the risk of SIDS.  Baby boys have about a 50% higher risk of SIDS than baby girls.  Scientists think this might be because of an allele that exists on the X chromosome.  They think this allele helps protect against episodes where the brain does not get enough oxygen (transient cerebral anoxia).  Baby boys would be more likely to be missing this allele.

Scientists think that about 10 to 20% of SIDS cases are caused by inherited defects in the ion channels that help the heart squeeze out blood.

Other
The risk of SIDS seems to be affected by things like how much education an infant's mother got, race, ethnicity, and poverty.

Vaccinations do not increase the risk of SIDS.  Most studies have shown that getting vaccinations cuts an infant's risk of a SIDS death in half.

SIDS may be more common in babies with Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, but scientists are not sure.

Preventing SIDS
Preventing SIDS

Sleep positioning
Putting infants to sleep on their backs can help prevent SIDS. The number of SIDS deaths has fallen in countries where this is commonly done.  Also, if parents share a room with their infant but do not share a bed, they can cut their baby's risk of SIDS in half.

Bedding
Parents can help prevent SIDS by not using pillows, very soft mattresses, stuffed animals, or fluffy blankets in their infant's crib.  Dressing the infant warmly and keeping the crib "naked" lowers the risk of SIDS.

If an infant has a blanket in the crib, they should be covered only up to their chest, with their arms left outside the blanket.  This makes it harder for the infant to move the blanket over their head, which could cause breathing problems.
In colder places where infants need help staying warm, the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests using a "sleep sack."  This is like a sleeping bag for a baby, but with holes for the baby's arms and head.  The bag is closed around the baby with a zipper.  This helps keep the baby warm without covering their head.  Sleep sacks are especially helpful for babies with low birth weight, who have more trouble keeping themselves warm.

Vaccination
Many studies have shown that vaccines normally given to infants help prevent SIDS.  For example, one very large research study showed that giving infants vaccines for diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis helps prevent SIDS.

Getting normal infant vaccines cuts infants' risk of SIDS in half, according to many studies.

References 

Syndromes
Death
Babies
TLC is an American girl group. Its original lineup had three members. TLC was one of the first R&B and hip hop stars of the 1990s. They formed the group in Atlanta, Georgia in 1991. TLC (an acronym for "T-Boz, Left Eye and Chilli") consisted of Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins, Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes (1971-2002) and Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas. Lisa Pebbles, was the group's manager. 

After Lopes' death in 2002, the remaining members chose to continue as a duo.

History
History

Oooooooh.... On the TLC Tip, CrazySexyCool and bankrupt years (1992-1998) 
TLC's first album Ooooooohhh.... On the TLC Tip (1992) sold 4,000,000 copies in the United States. It released four singles "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg", "What About Your Friends", "Hat 2 Da Back", and "Baby, Baby, Baby". In 1994, Lopes had set her boyfriend Andre Rison's house on fire. After she was released from rehab, she was put on probation. That same year, CrazySexyCool was released. It became their breakthrough release. It sold 11,000,000 copies in the United States and was certified 8 times Platinum in Canada, Platinum in United Kingdom and 1 time Diamond in the United States. 

Rolling Stone magazine ranked the album #377 of the "500 greatest albums of all time" list. The singles "Red Light Special", "Waterfalls", "Creep" and "Diggin' on You" all entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
TLC filed for bankruptcy in 1995, despite their success of CrazySexyCool. The group owed too much money to their manager Pebbles. The albums sales were not enough to pay her back. TLC filed for a lawyer and was able to terminate the record deal signed with Pebbles. Because of the label and producer trouble, and health problems (Watkins' struggled with sickle cell anemia), TLC postponed any work on their next album.

FanMail and 3D (1999-2004) 
Fanmail was released in 1999. The album became a hit record. The singles "No Scrubs", "Unpretty", and "Silly Ho" helped the album to reach number 1 on the Billboard 200 pop chart. The album's fourth single "Dear Lie" was not successful. The album was given positive feedback from music critics. The band began arguing with each other because of Lopes, who continued to be on tabloid magazines. Watkins married rapper Mack 10. However, her health problems were helping her to not be near recording studios.
Lopes had begun a solo career. In 2002, Lopes was killed during a car accident in Honduras. The remainder of the group announced that they continue recording their fourth album. Lopes had recorded a few verses before she was killed.

The album, 3D was released later that year. The single "Girl Talk" was a tribute to Lopes. The other single "Hands Up" was not successful. The album's third single "Damaged" was more successful and was on the Hot 100 until 2003. 

In 2004, the reality television show R U The Girl? aired on Fox. The show was about searching for great African American singers. The show had over 4,000,000 average viewers. O'so Krispie from Atlanta was chosen as the winner. TLC later said that they never wanted to replace Lopes. They continued as a duo.

Break and miscellaneous work (2005-present) 
In July 2013 TLC signed a new record contract. 

In 2017, the duo released their self titled fifth album TLC. 

In 2022, the group was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.
Discography 
Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip (1992)
CrazySexyCool (1994)
FanMail (1999)
3D (2002)
TLC (2017)

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 
 TLC at MTV.com
 TLC discography at iMusic.am
 
 
 

1990 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
African-American musical groups
American girl groups
American R&B bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical trios
Musical duos
Musical groups from Atlanta
Ali-Ollie Woodson (born Ollie Creggett; September 12, 1951 – May 30, 2010) was an American R&B singer, songwriter, keyboardist and actor. He was known for singing with The Temptations, starting in 1984. He has also worked with Aretha Franklin and Bill Pinkney. Woodson was diagnosed with throat cancer. He died in southern California after battling with leukemia for 18 months.

Other websites 
Ali Ollie Woodson interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' December 2001 (reprinted June 2010)
Ali Ollie Woodson feature with an interview at Soul Express
Ali Ollie Woodson, Singer in Temptations, Dies at 58

1951 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
African American musicians
American soul musicians
Musicians from Detroit
Deaths from leukemia
"My Heart Will Go On" is a hit song by Canadian singer Celine Dion. It was in the movie Titanic. Its music was composed by James Horner. The lyrics were written by Will Jennings. The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

The song reached number one in over 10 countries. It became Dion's signature song. It helped her become a popular singer. It was one of the best selling singles worldwide. It was the best-selling single of 1998.

Track listing

European CD single
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"Because You Loved Me" – 4:33

European CD single #2
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"My Heart Will Go On" (Tony Moran mix) – 4:21

French CD single
"The Reason" – 5:01
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40

French CD single #2
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"Southampton" – 4:02

French CD single #3
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"My Heart Will Go On" (Tony Moran mix) – 4:21

Japanese CD single
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"Beauty and the Beast" – 4:04

UK cassette single
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"I Love You" – 5:30
US CD single
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"Rose" (instrumental) – 2:52

Australian/Brazilian/European/UK/Korean CD maxi single
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"Because You Loved Me" – 4:33
"When I Fall in Love" – 4:19
"Beauty and the Beast" – 4:04

Australian CD maxi single #2
"My Heart Will Go On" (Tony Moran mix) – 4:21
"My Heart Will Go On" (Richie Jones mix) – 4:15
"My Heart Will Go On" (Soul Solution) – 4:18
"Misled" (The Serious mix) – 4:59
"Love Can Move Mountains" (Underground vocal mix) – 7:10

Brazilian CD maxi single #2
"My Heart Will Go On" (Cuca's radio edit) – 4:22
"My Heart Will Go On" (Tony Moran's anthem edit) – 4:21
"My Heart Will Go On" (Richie Jones unsinkable edit) – 4:15
"My Heart Will Go On" (Tony Moran's anthem vocal) – 9:41

European CD maxi single #2 / UK 12" single
"My Heart Will Go On" – 4:40
"My Heart Will Go On" (Tony Moran mix) – 4:21
"My Heart Will Go On" (Richie Jones mix) – 4:15
"My Heart Will Go On" (Soul Solution) – 4:18
Japanese/Korean CD maxi single
"My Heart Will Go On" (Tony Moran mix) – 4:21
"My Heart Will Go On" (Richie Jones mix) – 4:15
"My Heart Will Go On" (Soul Solution) – 4:18
"My Heart Will Go On" (Richie Jones unsinkable club mix) – 10:04
"My Heart Will Go On" (Matt & Vito's unsinkable epic mix) – 9:53

UK CD maxi single #2
"My Heart Will Go On" (soundtrack version) – 5:11
"Have a Heart" – 4:12
"Nothing Broken But My Heart" – 5:55
"Where Does My Heart Beat Now" – 4:32

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

End of year charts

References

1997 songs
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Celine Dion songs
, also known as McDonald's Tokio Hot 100, is the official music chart program of J-Wave. It is also the flagship program of the Japan FM League's Hot 100 music chart series. It ranks the most popular 100 songs every week. It is published on Billboard magazine.
Songs of the Year
1988: U2 — "Desire"
1989: Prince — "Batdance"
1990: Madonna — "Vogue"
1991: Stevie B — "Because I Love You (The Postman Song)"
1992: Shanice — "I Love Your Smile"
1993: Mariah Carey — "Dreamlover"
1994: Big Mountain — "Baby I Love Your Way"
1995: Diana King — "Shy Guy"
1996: Eric Clapton — "Change the World"
1997: Jamiroquai — "Cosmic Girl"
1998: Celine Dion — "My Heart Will Go On"
1999: Jamiroquai — "Canned Heat"
2000: Madonna — "Music"
2001: Janet Jackson — "All for You"
2002: Underworld — "Two Months Off"
2003: Beyoncé Knowles featuring Jay-Z — "Crazy in Love"
2004: Avril Lavigne — "Don't Tell Me"
2005: Def Tech — "My Way"
2006: Daniel Powter — "Bad Day"
2007: Ne-Yo — "Because of You"
2008: Coldplay - "Viva la Vida"
2009: Madonna — "Celebration"
2010: Maroon 5 - "Misery"
2011: Maia Hirasawa - "Boom!"

Other websites 
 

Japanese music
Record charts
Helmet is an alternative metal band from New York. The band was formed in 1989 by vocalist and lead guitarist Page Hamilton, who is their only constant member.

Helmet became popular when they released their 1992 major-label debut Meantime, which peaked at number 68 on the Billboard 200 and featured their best known songs "Unsung" and "In the Meantime". Meantime is also Helmet's only album to go gold in the United States. They made two more albums before breaking up in 1998. However, Helmet reformed in 2004 and released a new album later that year. The album was called Size Matters and was their last release on their longtime label Interscope Records. Helmet was briefly signed to Warcon Records, who released their next album Monochrome in 2006, but today, they are signed to Work Song Records. That label released their latest album Seeing Eye Dog in 2010.

Discography
So far, Helmet has released seven full-length studio albums, which include:
Strap It On (1990)
 Meantime (1992)
 Betty (1994)
 Aftertaste (1997)
 Size Matters (2004)
 Monochrome (2006)
 Seeing Eye Dog (2010)

References

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Alternative metal bands
Post-hardcore bands
Musical groups from New York (state)
Kyuss is an American rock band from Palm Desert, California. They started in 1987 as Katzenjammer, became Sons of Kyuss in 1989 and then changed their name to Kyuss in 1991. The band now performs as Vista Chino.

Kyuss was considered guitarist Josh Homme's band before their 1995 breakup.

Career
The band was formed in 1987 and its first name was "Katzenjammer" (A German slang word for "hangover") but changed this to Sons of Kyuss in 1989 and recorded an EP. This EP is the only release by the band that features bass player Chris Cockrell.

After Chris Cockrell left, Nick Oliveri (who played guitar in the band when they were called "Katzenjammer") replaced him and the band shortened their name to "Kyuss".

After performing shows in the Palm Desert area and gaining fans, the band signed to Dali records and released their first album "Wretch" in 1991. The band were unhappy with the album, as it didn't sound the way they wanted it to, because it wasn't produced properly and not enough money was spent on making it.
In 1992, the band hired a new producer who would be more capable to making their next album sound how the band wanted it to. This next album was called Blues For The Red Sun. It was more successful than Wretch and is considered their best album. However, bassist Nick Oliveri left after the band finished recording the album, and Scott Reeder became his replacement.

When Dali Records had problems with money, the band signed to Elektra (a bigger label) and recorded another album. The album is supposed to be called "Kyuss" but fans call it "Welcome To Sky Valley" because of the sign on the front cover. Like Blues For The Red Sun, the album was successful, although it took over a year for the album to be brought out due to the band changing record labels. Drummer Brant Bjork left shortly after it was recorded as well, and was replaced with Alfredo Hernandez.
In 1995, the band released the last album of their initial run, called ...And The Circus Leaves Town. The album wasn't quite as successful as the previous two and fans and critics had mixed opinions of it. After the band broke up later that year, people started to respect the album more.

For several years after the breakup, people wondered if the band would ever reform. Guitar player Josh Homme (who had formed a band called Queens Of The Stone Age since the breakup) was unhappy with the idea of it, believing it would be wrong after a "great history" they had between 1987-1995. However, bass player Scott Reeder believed the other members of the band would be happy to reunite.
Eventually, in 2010, A Kyuss reunion had begun. However, Josh Homme still didn't agree with a reunion, so guitar player Bruno Fevery replaced him, playing with singer John Garcia, bass player Nick Oliveri, and drummer Brank Bjork as "Kyuss Lives!". John Garcia decided to go with this name as he believes there is not a "Kyuss" without Josh Homme.

Because of a lawsuit filed by Homme, Kyuss Lives! changed their name to Vista Chino. Nick Oliveri has since left again to be replaced by Billy Cordell. Vista Chino released their debut album Peace in September 2013.

Discography
So far, the band has released five full-length studio albums, all released as Kyuss unless otherwise noted. They are:

 Wretch (1991)
 Blues for the Red Sun (1992)
 Welcome to Sky Valley (1994)
 ...And the Circus Leaves Town (1995)

References

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups from California
Spock is a character in Star Trek. He is often called Mr. Spock by others. He has been played by Leonard Nimoy and by Zachary Quinto. Jacob Kogan played Spock when he was a child in the 2009 movie Star Trek. Spock is half Vulcan and half human.

Spock first appeared in Star Trek: The Original Series and he was in many of the Star Trek movies. He also appeared in two episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation. 

Spock's signature gesture was the Vulcan salute.

Star Trek: The Original Series characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1966
Anting is a behavior in which birds rub insects (usually ants) on their feathers. This releases liquids with chemicals such as formic acid onto the bird's feathers. Instead of ants, birds can also use millipedes. Over 200 species of bird have been known to ant.
We do not know why birds ant. Birds may ant because the chemicals released by the insects kill parasites on their feathers. Another reason is that it releases the chemicals the ants make onto the bird's feathers. The bird can then eat the ant without being hurt by the chemicals.

There are two forms of anting: active anting and passive acting. Active anting is when a bird picks up ants in its bill and wipes them on its feathers. Passive anting is when the bird lies down in a group of ants and opens up its wings so that the ants will crawl up into its feathers.

References 

Birds
Bug spray is a chemical in a spray can that is used for killing bugs or keeping them away.

Bug killer
Some bug sprays are sprayed at the bug to kill it. Other bug sprays are sprayed around a house or picnic area. Bugs that come too close to this kind of bug spray will usually die.

Bug repellent
Bug repellent is never sprayed at a bug. Bug repellents can be used to keep bugs from coming into a house or picnic area. Some kinds of sunscreen have bug repellent that keeps mosquitos away. Some bug repellents are spread over the skin of a person.

Insecticides
Epigynum (plural epigyna) is the sex organ on a female spider. It is found on the underside of her abdomen. A male spider covers its pedipalps in sperm and puts them inside the female spider's epigynum.

Spiders
Anatomy of the female reproductive system
A fang is a sharp tooth used for catching prey found on many animals, such as wolves and spiders. Spiders, tarantulas, and venomous snakes have hollow fangs. Venom glands fill these hollow fangs with venom so that when these animals catch their prey with their fangs, they paralyze the prey to make it easier to eat. The fangs on a snake can be folded under the skin like a cat's claws. Spider and tarantula fangs are found outside of their mouth instead of inside it.

Teeth
Animal anatomy
"Woke Up This Morning" is a song by Alabama 3 (also known as A3) from their 1997 album Exile on Coldharbour Lane. The song is best known as the opening theme music for the HBO drama series The Sopranos which used the "Chosen One Mix".

There are two versions of the song, the mix The Sopranos used and the original.

Other websites
"Woke Up This Morning" lyrics at Metrolyrics.com 

1997 songs
The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger and Anna-Greta Crafoord. It is administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The prize is for "international basic research in the disciplines Astronomy, Mathematics, Geosciences, and Biosciences, with particular emphasis on ecology, and rheumatoid arthritis" (the disease from which Holger severely suffered in his last years). According to the Academy, "these disciplines are chosen so as to complement those for which the Nobel Prizes are awarded."

Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics; then geosciences; then biosciences. A Crafoord Prize is only awarded for arthritis when a committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made. On Crafoord Day in April, the prize is presented by the King of Sweden, who also presents the Nobel Prize Awards at the ceremony in December. The prize is to fund further research by the prize winner. In 2012 it is US$600,000.
Winners

References 

Science awards
1980 establishments
David Howell Petraeus (pronunciation: /pɨˈtreɪ.əs/; born November 7, 1952) was the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was sworn in on September 6, 2011. Prior to his assuming the directorship of the CIA, Petraeus was a four-star general serving over 37 years in the United States Army. On November 9, 2012, Petraeus resigned as CIA director following a marital scandal.

References

Other websites

Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
1952 births
Living people
American generals
Military people from New York (state)
Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) was the 23rd United States Secretary of Defense from 2011 until 2013. Before that, he served as director of the CIA from 2009 to 2011 and as Bill Clinton's White House Chief of staff from 1994 to 1997.

Panetta was born on June 28, 1938 in Monterey, California to an Itallian-American family. He studied at Santa Clara University. He served in the army from 1964 until 1966. He had won an Army Commendation Medal for his services in the force. Panetta is married to Sylvia Panetta.

References

Other websites

 Office of the Secretary of Defense 
 Biography of the Central Intelligence Agency (archived)

 Biography of Panetta, Hartnell University
 Conversations with History – Interview with Leon Panetta, UC Berkeley Institute of International Studies
 The Panetta Institute for Public Policy
1938 births
Living people
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
White House Chiefs of Staff
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
United States Secretaries of Defense
Politicians from California
Military people from California
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
April Michelle Bowlby (born July 30, 1980 in Vallejo, California ) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Kandi in the sitcom Two and a Half Men.

References

American television actors
1980 births
Living people
Actors from California
Vallejo, California
Denton Burn is an area of housing in the city of Newcastle, United Kingdom. The area has 3 schools and has many shops and take-aways. It is close to Benwell and Scotswood.

Newcastle upon Tyne
The WWE Hall of Fame is a hall of fame for wrestlers thought by WWE to be very important. It started in 1993 when André the Giant died. He was the first to go in. Other people have been added in later years. Some choices for the Hall of Fame have not been popular. The include famous people who did not wrestle. The Hall of Fame ceremony is normally broadcast on television the night before WrestleMania.
The WWE Hall of Famers
The early Hall of Famers are the ones who helped build WWE and are considered pioneers. These include Arnold Skaaland, Buddy Rogers, Chief Jay Strongbow, Freddie Blassie, Gorilla Monsoon, Antonino Rocca, Ernie Ladd, The Fabulous Moolah, George "The Animal" Steele, The Grand Wizard, Ivan Putski and Pedro Morales. James Dudley was inducted for being a dear friend of the McMahon family and for being loyal to the company for a long time. Vince McMahon, Sr. was inducted because he first started WWE and might be the most important member. It is his family that still owns and runs the company to this day. Bobo Brazil was the first great black wrestling star. Killer Kowalski was a great villain wrestler.

Classes

Class of 1993
Class of 1993 

WWF Hall of Fame (1993) was the inaugural class of the WWE Hall of Fame. During the March 22, 1993 episode of Monday Night Raw a video package announcing André the Giant's induction was shown. No ceremony took place, and André was inducted posthumously. In March 2015 a condensed version of the 1994 ceremony was added to the WWE Network. Due to no original ceremony, the 1993 induction of André was discussed by Gene Okerlund and Renee Young as part of the 1994 commentary.

Class of 1994 

WWF Hall of Fame (1994) was the event that featured the introduction of the second class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by the WWF on June 9, 1994, from the Omni Inner Harbor International Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland.

In March 2015 a condensed version of the ceremony was added to the WWE Network. Due to the original ceremony only being partially recorded and not originally intended to air, Gene Okerlund and Renee Young host the program with added commentary.

Class of 1995
Class of 1995 

WWF Hall of Fame (1995) was the event that featured the introduction of the third class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by the WWF on June 24, 1995, from the Marriott Hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The event took place the same weekend as King of the Ring.

In March 2015 a condensed version of the ceremony was added to the WWE Network. Due to the original ceremony only being partially recorded and not originally intended to air, Gene Okerlund and Renee Young host the program with added commentary.

The 1995 class featured two posthumous inductees. Antonino Rocca was presented by his wife, and The Grand Wizard was represented by Bobby Harmon.

Class of 1996 

WWF Hall of Fame (1996) was the event which featured the introduction of the fourth class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by the WWF on November 16, 1996, from the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The event took place the same weekend as Survivor Series.
In March 2015 a condensed version of the ceremony was added to the WWE Network. Due to the original ceremony only being partially recorded and not originally intended to air, Gene Okerlund and Renee Young host the program with added commentary.

Due to Vincent J. McMahon's death in 1984, he was posthumously inducted by the McMahon family.

Class of 2004

Class of 2005

Class of 2006

Class of 2007

Class of 2008

Class of 2009

Class of 2010

Class of 2011

Class of 2012

Class of 2013

Class of 2014

Class of 2015

Class of 2016

Class of 2017

Class of 2018

Class of 2019

Class of 2020 
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Hall of Fame ceremony did not take place. As such, the Class of 2020 was inducted alongside the Class of 2021 at the 2021 ceremony.

Class of 2021

Class of 2022

Class of 2023

Further reading
 WWE Encyclopedia 
 WWE.com
 Not In Hall of Fame.com

References 

1993 establishments
WrestleMania
Crop protection is a branch of horticulture, aimed at protecting crops. This is done so that the yield of the crop does not diminish. Common approaches are:
Using pesticides, these are on a chemical basis
Using biological pest control, using the natural enemies of the pests to control them.
Using barriers, such as nets
Using psychology, for example to scare birds
Using biotechnology, selective breeding and genetic engineering

Related pages
Farming
Ecology

Agriculture
Leeds Trinity University College is a university in Horsforth, Leeds, England. It has about 3,000 students. It is one of the smallest universities in the country.

Colleges and universities in England
Organisations based in Leeds
Batasuna (formerly Herri Batasuna) was a political party in Spain. Herri Batasuna was founded after the fall of the Franco regime, in 1978. In 2001, the party changed its name into Batasuna. In 2003, the party was outlawed in Spain, but it continues to be a political party in France. The party was suspected to have close ties with ETA. The party was active in the Basque Country,  and Navarre. It wanted to form an independent state of the Basque country. The region where Basque is spoken is split between the Basque country, Navarre in Spain and the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in France. The area is known as Euskal Herria (literally,: Basque country). 

Spain, the European Court of Human Rights and the European Union see Batasuna as the political wing of ETA. 

Because it was outlawed, the party has had different names, such as Euskal Herritarrok, Sozialista Abertzaleak, Ezker Abertzaleak and AUB, Aukera Guztiak.
Bastasina sees itself as a nationalist, left-wing party.  It is also called socialist (with Marxist and Libertarian tendencies). Other ideas of the party include to fight for feminism, and to be seen as envirnomentalist. Batasuna is the only party in the did not condemn the violent attacks carried out by ETA. According to Batasuna, it is sterile and hypocritical to condemn only one form of violemce; by the same token, the violence of Spain should be condemned, which oppresses the Basque people. According to the Spanish state, there were no violations of human rights after the fall of the Franco regime, and the use of violence for political reasons is inacceptable. 

Batasuna has run in elections in the French part of the Basque country, in Ustaritz, about 12 km from Bayonne.

The party dissolved in January 2013.

References

Political parties in Spain
Political parties in France
Nationalist organizations in Europe
2013 disestablishments in Europe
1978 establishments in Europe
1970s establishments in Spain
Simon Marc Amstell (born 29 November 1979) is a British comedian, television presenter, writer and actor.

Amstell was born and raised in Gants Hill, London in a Jewish family. He is openly gay.

Amstell has presented Popworld and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. He writes and stars in Grandma's House.

Related pages
List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people

References

Other websites 
 

Official website

Actors from London
Comedians from London
English LGBT writers
English television actors
English television presenters
English television writers
Gay Jews
Jewish British actors
Jewish British writers
Jewish comedians
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT comedians
People from the London Borough of Redbridge
Writers from London
1979 births
Living people
The Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes), LAAS, is one of the big research laboratories of the French National Center for Scientific Research (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS) in Toulouse, France, and is usually named LAAS-CNRS. It is associated with the six founding members of the University of Toulouse: The Paul Sabatier University, the National Institute of Applied Sciences of Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (INP toulouse), the Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (ISAE), which is the merger between ENSICA (the National Superior School of Aeronautic Construction Engineers) and SUPAERO (National Superior School of Aeronautics and Space), the University of Toulouse II Mirail and the Toulouse 1 University Capitole.

Related pages

 Official website

Research
Toulouse
Laboratory equipment
The Irgun (), (full title: Irgun Zevai Leumi) (from , "The National Military Organization in the Land of Israel"), was a Zionist paramilitary group in Palestine between 1931 and 1948.

History

Irgun is best known for the bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem in 1946.

In the 1940s, Irgun was labelled as a terrorist organization.

Legacy
Irgun is considered an early version of Ḥerut which was an Israeli political party.  Irgun is also an early version of today's Likud political party in Israel.

Reference

Other websites

1931 establishments
1948 disestablishments
Nationalist organizations in Palestine
National liberation movements
Terrorism
Zionism
Arab–Israeli conflict
20th century in Israel
History of Palestine
Would I Lie to You? is a British comedy panel game shown on BBC One. It began on 16 June 2007. The first two series were presented by Angus Deayton. Since then it has been presented by Rob Brydon. There are two teams of three people, a team captain and two celebrity guests. The captains are David Mitchell and Lee Mack.

During each episode, the contestants take turns to make statements about themselves. The other team try to work out whether the statement is true or false, by questioning the person who has made the statement.

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2007 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
BBC Television programmes
British comedy television series
British television game shows
Panel games
English-language television programs
Potentiometers are variable resistors. Potentiometers are resistors where the resistance can be changed using a knob or a slider. Potentiometers are used to control many things, including how bright or dim the lights in your house are and the volume controls on your television. Some are used in voltage dividers.

The idea of a device that could be used to control the amount of electricity going to a component was thought by many people, but the carbon potentiometer we commonly use today was invented by Thomas Edison in 1872 at the age of 25. He called this device a "coiled resistance wire rheostat". His patent for this device was issued in 1872. Carbon resistors, as said above, are the most commonly used resistors today. They are used in radios to control the volume, in televisions to control picture brightness, contrast, and color response.
Different types
There are many different types of potentiometers. These different types include carbon potentiometers, plastic potentiometers, and wire potentiometers. Carbon potentiometers are the most common potentiometers that we use today because they are inexpensive to make and are easy to put together. Wire potentiometers are the most powerful type out of the three listed above. The wire inside the potentiometer is wound so that it has more power. Plastic potentiometers have the same amount of power that carbon potentiometers do, but are of a higher quality. They are made of a special kind of plastic that conducts electricity just as effectively as carbon potentiometers. It as a better life than carbon potentiometers do. Trimmer potentiometers are small. They are adjustable with a screwdriver.

References 

Electronic components
École Supérieure d'Électricité, commonly known as Supélec, is a French university in electric energy and information sciences.

Founded in 1894 and initially located in the 15th district of Paris, it was moved to Gif-sur-Yvette in 1975. After that, two more campuses were established in Rennes in 1972 and Metz in 1985. It is a member of the Conférence des Grandes Écoles.

Notable Alumni
 Hervé Laborne, former head of the École spéciale de mécanique et électricité.

References

Other websites 
 Official website in English

Technical colleges and universities in France
1894 establishments in Europe
1890s establishments in France
Shitoku (至徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Eitoku and before Kakei.  This period started in February 1384 and ended in August 1387.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Go-Komatsu' Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was {{nihongo|Emperor Go-Kameyama|後亀山天皇|Go-Kameyama-tennō}}.

Events of the Shitoku era
 1384 (Shitoku 1, 3rd month): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu gave up his position in the Imperial court hierarchy.
 1385 (Shitoku 2, 8th month): Yoshimistu made a public visit to Kasuga-taisha.
 1385 (Shitoku 2): The forces of the Southern Court were defeated at Koga.
 1386 (Shitoku 3, 7th month''): Yoshimitsu authorized the Five Mountain System for ranking state-sponsored Buddhist temples; and Nanzen-ji was ranked at the top and in a class of its own.

Southern Court nengō 
 Genchū, 1384–1393

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References
References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1384 establishments
1380s establishments in Japan
1387 disestablishments
1380s disestablishments in Japan
An incandescent light bulb has a small thin wire with two bigger wires holding it up. This wire is called a filament. The filament is the part of the light bulb that produces light.

Filaments in incandescent light bulbs are made of tungsten. Whenever an electric current goes through the filament, the filament glows. It may also be known as the electron emitting element in a vacuum tube. To make the bulb produce more light, the filament is usually made of coils of fine wire, also known as the coiled coil.

Electricity
Kakei (嘉慶) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Shitoku and before Kōō.  This period started in August 1387 and ended in February 1389.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Go-Komatsu's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was {{nihongo|Emperor Go-Kameyama|後亀山天皇|Go-Kameyama-tennō}}.

Events of the Kakei era
 1387 (Kakei 1, 1st month): Nijō Yoshimoto is removed from his position as sesshō and daijō daijin in the Imperial court hierarchy.
 1387 (Kakei 1, 2nd month): Konoe Kanetsugu is named sesshō.
 1388 (Kakei 2, 3rd month): The sesshō Konoe Kanetsugu dies at age 29; and Yoshimoto re-assumes this role.
 1388 (Kakei 2, 6th month): Yoshitomo dies at age 69; and his son Nijō Morotsugu succeeds him with the title of kampaku. 1389 (Kakei 3''): Yoshimitsu pacifies Kyūshū and distributes lands.

Southern Court nengō
 Genchū, 1384–1393

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References
References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1387 establishments
1380s establishments in Japan
1389 disestablishments
1380s disestablishments in Japan
, also romanized as Kō-ō, was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Kakei and before Meitoku.  This period started in February 1389 and ended in March 1390.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Go-Komatsu's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was {{nihongo|Emperor Go-Kameyama|後亀山天皇|Go-Kameyama-tennō}}.

Events of the Kōō era
 1389 (Kōō 1): Yoshimitsu  opposed by Kamakura kanrei Ashikaga Ujimitsu.
 1389 (Kōō 1, 7th month): Saioinji Sanetoshi died at the age of 56. He ha held the office of Minister of the Right (udaijin'').

Southern Court nengō
 Genchū, 1384–1393

Related pages 
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1389 establishments
1390 disestablishments
1380s establishments in Japan
1390s disestablishments in Japan
Meitoku (明徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Kōō and before Ōei.  This period started in March 1390 and ended in July 1394.  After October 1392, Meitoku replaced the Southern Court's nengō (Genchū).  The pretender in Kyoto was   Go-Komatsu's Southern Court rival in Yoshino until 1392 was {{nihongo|Emperor Go-Kameyama|後亀山天皇|Go-Kameyama-tennō}}..

Events of Meitoku era
 1391 (Meitoku 2): Yamana Ujikyo attacked Kyoto.
 1392 (Meitoku 3), also known as Genchū 9'': Northern and Southern courts were reunited under Go-Komatsu.

Southern Court nengō
 Genchū, 1384–1392

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1390 establishments
14th-century establishments in Japan
1394 disestablishments
1390s disestablishments in Japan
Cryptopsy is a Canadian death metal band from Montreal, Quebec, formed in 1988. The band has sold over 300,000 records.

Members

Current members
 Flo Mounier – drums (1992–present)
 Jon Levasseur – lead, rhythm guitars (1993–2005, 2011–present)
 Christian Donaldson – guitar (2005–present)
 Matt McGachy – lead vocals (2007–present)
 Olivier Pinard – bass guitar (2012–present)
Former members
Vocals
 Lord Worm – lead vocals (1988–1997, 2003–2007)
 Mike DiSalvo – lead vocals (1997–2001)
 Martin Lacroix – lead vocals (2001–2003)
Rhythm guitar
 Steve Thibault – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1988–1995, 1996)
 Miguel Roy – rhythm, lead guitars (1996–1999, 2004)
 Alex Auburn – rhythm guitar, lead, backing vocals (1999–2009)
 Youri Raymond – guitar, backing vocals (2009–2011), bass guitar (2011)
Bass guitar
 John Todds – bass guitar (1988–1992) as Necrosis
 Kevin Weagle – bass guitar (1992–1993)
 Martin Fergusson – bass (1994–1995)
 Eric Langlois – bass guitar (1996–2011)
Lead Guitar
 Dave Galea – lead, rhythm guitars, vocals (1992–1993, 2000)
Keyboards
 Maggy Durand – keyboards (2007–2008)
Drums
 Mike Atkin – drums (1988–1992) as Necrosis

Session members 
 Dan Mongrain – lead guitar (2004)
 Steve Shyy (aka Steven J. Robillard) – keyboards (studio and live) as Necrosis

Discography
Discography

Studio albums
Blasphemy Made Flesh (1994)
None So Vile (1996)
Whisper Supremacy (1998)
…And Then You'll Beg (2000)
Once Was Not (2005)
The Unspoken King (2008)
Cryptopsy (2012)

Live albums
None So Live (2003)

Demos
Ungentle Exhumation (1993)

References

Other websites

Canadian death metal bands
Canadian heavy metal bands
Deathcore bands
Musical groups established in 1988
1988 establishments in Canada
Katra is a Finnish symphonic metal band featuring vocalist Katra Solopuro.

Members
Current members

2006: Katra Solopuro - vocals
2006: Kristian Kangasniemi - guitar
2006: Johannes Tolonen - bass
2009: Teemu Mätäsjärvi - guitar
2009: Matti Auerkallio - drums

Former musicians
2006: Jani Wilund - keyboards
2006: Tom "Tomma" Gardiner - guitar
2006-2009: Jaakko Järvensivu - drums

Tour musicians
2008: Teemu Mätäsjärvi – guitar

Discography

Studio albums

2007: Katra (Edel)
2008: Beast Within (Napalm)
2010: Out of the Ashes (Napalm)

Singles

2006: Sahara
2007: Tietäjä/Vaaratar
2010: One Wish Away

Music Videos
2007: Tietäjä
2008: Beast Within
2010: One Wish Away

Other websites
Official Website 
Official Myspace
Katra Blog
Metal Storm band page

Finnish heavy metal bands
Symphonic metal bands
A mad scene is a scene in a play, ballet, opera, or other theatre work that shows a character either insane or going insane. Three famous mad scenes are those in the play Hamlet, in the ballet Giselle, and the opera Lucia di Lammermoor. In Hamlet, Ophelia is truly mad while Hamlet pretends to be mad.

Theater
Opera
Summerland is a town in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is in the interior of British Columbia, on the west side of Okanagan Lake. The population of Summerland was 10,828 in 2006. The mayor of Summerland is Janice Perrino. It is known for its world renowned wineries. It is also home to the historic Kettle Valley Steam Railway. The town was originally known as Trout Creek and was renamed Summerland in 1902 when Sir Thomas Shaughnessy bought the Barclay Ranch. The nickname for Summerland is Town of Festivals. The sister city of Summerland is Toyokoro, Japan.

References

Other websites
Official website

Cities in British Columbia
Bruno Sammartino (October 6, 1935 – April 18, 2018) was an Italian-American professional wrestler. He was born on October 6, 1935 in Italy. He became a wrestler in 1959. He would often beat opponents with his bearhug.

On May 17, 1963, Bruno beat Buddy Rogers to become the second World Wide Wrestling Federation champion. He held this title for over seven years, a record for professional wrestling world champions. He had his first match in Japan in 1967. He lost to Ivan Koloff on January 18, 1971. On December 10, 1973, Sammartino beat Stan Stasiak to once again be the champion. Billy Graham won the championship from Bruno on April 30, 1977 in Baltimore. World Wide Wrestling Federation became the World Wrestling Federation in March 1979. Sammartino wrestled less often after but he did have classic feud with Larry Zbyszko that ended in a steel cage match at Shea Stadium in 1980. He retired in 1987.
Sammartino was also a commentator with Vince McMahon.
In 2013, he accepted an invitation for induction into the WWE Hall of Fame, after he declined many times in prior years.

Sammartino died on April 18, 2018 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania of multiple organ failure caused by heart disease at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

More on Bruno Sammartino

1935 births
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
2018 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Abruzzo
WWE Hall of Fame
was a  of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Shōkyō and before Ryakuō. This period started in January 1334 and ended in August 1338 in the Northern Court, but it lasted until only February 1336 in the Southern Court.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Kōmyō's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .
Events of the Kemmu era 
In 1333-1336, the Kemmu Restoration was an attempt by Emperor Go-Daigo to restore Imperial authority after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate. The failure of this effort led to the creation of two rival Imperial courts.
 1334 (Kemmu 1): Emperor Go-Daigo caused Kemmu nenchū gyōji to be written. This was a book which described the ceremonies of the court; and its purpose was to aid the process of reviving ancient court etiquette.
 25 October 1334 (Kemmu 1, 27th day of the 9th month): Emperor Go-Daigo made an Imperial progress to Kamo-jinja. No other emperor would visit Kamo's shrines until April 29, 1863 (Bunkyu 3, 11th day of the 3rd month), when Emperor Komei made an Imperial progress to Kamo.
 1336 (Kemmu 3): An anonymous author published Kemmu nenkan ki, which was a chronicle of the Kemmu era. The text is a source of information about laws, government, bureaucrats, and arable lands and estates given by the emperor to the nobility or to religious institutions (shōen).
1336 (Kemmu 3): Ashikaga Takauji issued a new legal code with 17 articles (Kemmu-shikimoku).
 17 May 1336 (Kemmu 3, 6th day of the 4th month): Former-Emperor Go-Fushimi died.
Southern Court nengō
The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Shōkei 1 as time was reckoned in the Northern Court in Kyoto; and the era began in Genkō 4, as time was ordered in the Southern Court in Yoshino.

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1330s establishments in Japan
1330s disestablishments in Japan
1334 establishments
1338 disestablishments
, also known as JOGMEC, is an Independent Administrative Institution which was created by the Japanese government in 2004.

History
In 2004, JOGMEC was established by the  Law Concerning the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation .

JOGMEC was created when the Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC) merged with the former Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ).

Rare metal stockpiles are managed by JOGMEC.

In March 2013 JOGMEC successfully extracted methane hydrate from seabed for the first time in the world.

Related pages
 List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan

References

Other websites
  JOGMEC website

Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan
The Elector of the Palatinate () ruled the Palatinate of the Rhine in the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire from 915 to 1803.

Electors and Electresses

et:Pfalzi kuurvürstkond#Pfalzi kuurvürstkonna valitsejate loend
Mary Claire Cheney (born March 14, 1969) is an American businesswoman and the younger daughter of former U.S. Vice President, Dick Cheney and his wife, former second lady, Lynne Cheney. She is openly lesbian and has stated support for same-sex marriage along with her father. She is in a long relationship with Heather Poe, a former parking ranger with whom she has had 2 children, Samuel David and Sarah Lynne. On June 22, 2012, Cheney married her long time partner Heather Poe. Cheney has a sister, Elizabeth Cheney (born 1966).

References 

1969 births
Living people
American LGBT rights activists
Lesbians
LGBT businesspeople
LGBT people from Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Madison, Wisconsin
Shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) are a common crustacean. They are often found around the sea shore.

They come in a variety of colours. They are often green or brown. They have eight legs and two large pincers. The width across the shell is up to . The usual width is about .

They are normally found in the North Atlantic or the Baltic Sea but are beginning to live in many other areas of the world. Shore crabs live on beaches and rocky shores.

Shore crabs are a nocturnal predator which means it hunts at night. They eat small crustaceans, molluscs, worms and some fish.

A female shore crab can lay up to nearly 200 thousand eggs at once. They carry the eggs with them until they hatch. Like most crabs, when a shore crab gets too big for its shell, it sheds its shell. After that, it has a new soft shell which soon hardens.

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Portunidae