Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Family 
The name of Arnulf's first wife is unknown but he had at least one daughter by her:

 Name unknown; married Isaac of Cambrai. Their son Arnulf succeeded his father as Count of Cambrai.

In 934 he married Adele of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II of Vermandois. Their children were:

 Hildegarde, born c. 934, died 990; she married Dirk II, Count of Holland. It is uncertain whether she is his daughter by his first or second wife.
 Liutgard (935–962) married Wichmann IV, Count of Hamaland.
 Egbert, died 953.
 Baldwin III, Count of Flanders (c. 940 – 962), married Mathilde of Saxony († 1008). His son Arnulf II succeeded his grandfather, Arnulf I.
 Elftrude; married Siegfried, Count of Guînes.

Notes

References 

890s births
964 deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
Baldwin III of Flanders called The Young (–962) was a French nobleman and  briefly was the fourth count of Flanders. He ruled jointly with his father Arnulf I.

Career 

Baldwin III was born , the son of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and his second wife, Adele of Vermandois (c. 915 – 969). She was a daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois. Baldwin became co-ruler of Flanders in 958 alongside his father Arnulf I.  During his short rule, Baldwin was responsible for establishing the wool manufacturing industry at Ghent and markets at other towns in Flanders. Baldwin III died on 1 January 962 of smallpox. He was  buried at the Abbey of Saint Bertin. 

After Baldwin's death, Arnulf I arranged for King Lothair of France to become the guardian of Baldwin's son Arnulf II.

Family 

Shortly before 961 Baldwin married Mathilde of Saxony († 1008). She was a daughter of Hermann Billung(† 973), Duke of Saxony. They had a son:
 
 Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (c. 960 – 987), who succeeded as count.

Notes

References
Notes

References 

940s births
960s deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
An emulsion is what you get when you put two or more liquids together and the two liquids do not mix. Immiscible liquids do not mix together. For example, if you add oil to water, the oil floats on the surface of the water. And if you shake the two together then leave them to stand, tiny droplets of oil float upwards. These droplets join together until eventually the oil is floating on the water again. To stop the two liquids separating, we need a substance called an emulsifier.

Emulsifiers are molecules that have two different ends, a hydrophilic end (water-loving) that forms chemical bonds with water but not with oils, and a hydrophobic end (water-hating lipophile) that forms chemical bonds with oils but not with water.

Uses of Emulsion
Uses of Emulsion 

 Usually used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, personal hygiene.
 Microemulsions are used to deliver vaccines to kill various microbes.
 It is used in chemical synthesis mainly in the manufacture of polymer dispersions.
 It is used in firefighting.
 Nanoemulsions such as soybean oil are used to kill microbes.

Related pages
 Emulsifier

References 

Physical chemistry
Aspall is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 52 people living in Aspall. Aspall has a church called Our Lady of Grace.

References 
 GENUKI

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Athelington is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 23 people living in Athelington. Athelington has a church called St Peter.

References 
 GENUKI

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Badwell Ash is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 685 people living in Badwell Ash. Badwell Ash has a church called St Mary. Badwell Ash is about 12 miles from Bury St Edmunds and Stowmarket.

References 
 GENUKI

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Baylham is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 251 people living in Baylham. Baylham has a church called St Peter.

References 
 GENUKI

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Bedfield is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 298 people living in Bedfield. Bedfield has a church called St Nicholas. Bedfield is about 4 miles east of Debenham.

References 
 GENUKI

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Bedingfield is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 223 people living in Bedingfield. Bedingfield has a church called St Mary.

References 
 GENUKI

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Technology
Ethernet hub, connects all the cables in a Local Area Network
Port multiplier, a component in Serial ATA
USB hub, allows connecting to many devices to a single USB port

Transport
Transport hub or transport interchange is a station which allows to switch between different lines in the transport network.
Airline hub, an airport used by an airline as a transfer point

Places
Hub Tehsil, a tehsil in Pakistan
Hub, Balochistan, the capital of the tehsil
Hub River, a river in Pakistan

Others
In video games, a hub is a special Level which connects to many other levels.
The Hub (TV channel), a television network in the United States
Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel. It is a renewable resource. Generally, firewood is not highly processed and is in some sort of log or branch form.

References 

Wood
Fuel
Steven Sharp Nelson is an American cellist. He is part of The Piano Guys, a YouTube music video channel. The video 'Moonlight-Electric cello' in which he is featured has had more than 7 million views on YouTube to date.

References

Other websites
 Official site

Living people
American cellists
American Latter Day Saints
Musicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
1977 births
The Goliath birdeater spider is one of the biggest spiders in the world. It is a tarantula. It lives in burrows in swampy areas of northen South America. It eats insects, rodents, bats, small birds, lizards, frogs, and snakes. The spiders have fangs, but their venom is harmless to people. Hairs on their bodies can irritate human skin. Explorers named the spider when they saw one eating a hummingbird. 

The female lays 100 to 200 eggs. The babies hatch in two months. The female spiders sometimes eat their mates. Females can live about 20 years, but males only live 3 to 6 years. These spiders can have a leg span of up to  and a body length of up to . They can weigh up to . The spider's living areas are threatened by real estate development.

References 

 Smithsonian Institution 
Top 10 Real Life Monsters
Goliath Bird Eating Spider

Other websites

Caring for your Goliath Bird Eating Tarantula 

Spiders
Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali; and his son Warith Deen Mohammed.

Muhammad was born on October 7, 1897 in Sandersville, Georgia. Poole married Clara Evans (1899–1972) on March 7, 1917. They had eight children. Muhammad died from congestive heart failure at the age of 77 on February 25, 1975, the day before Saviours' Day, at Mercy Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.

Al Freeman, Jr. played him in the 1992 movie Malcolm X.

References

Other websites

 Elijah Muhammad's Teachings
  Nation of Islam official biography
 Seventh Family of the Nation of Islam
 Elijah Muhammad History
 Malcolm X Reloaded: Who Really Assassinated Malcolm X?
  FBI file on Elijah Muhammad
 
Booknotes interview with Claude Andrew Clegg III on An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad, March 30, 1997.
1897 births
1975 deaths
African-American people
American civil rights activists
Converts to Islam
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
American Islamic religious leaders
Malcolm X is a 1992 American biographical movie directed by Spike Lee. Its stars Denzel Washington as Malcolm X. It also stars Angela Bassett, Albert Hall, Al Freeman, Jr., and Delroy. Al Sharpton and Nelson Mandela also appear in this movie. 

It received positive reviews. It was released on November 18, 1992. In 2010, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". 

1992 drama movies
1990s biographical movies
1990s epic movies
American biographical movies
1990s American drama movies
Japanese biographical movies
Japanese drama movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies set in Massachusetts
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Egypt
Political movies
Movies about racism
Movies set in Chicago
Movies set in Michigan
Movies directed by Spike Lee
Judith of Flanders (or Judith of the Franks) (–), was a member of the Frankish Royal family, twice Queen of Wessex, and by her third marriage Countess of Flanders.

Early life 

Judith was the eldest daughter of the Frankish King and Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Bald and his wife Ermentrude of Orléans. She was born about 844. Judith inherited her name and her willful temperament from her grandmother, Judith of Bavaria. In 855 King Æthelwulf of Wessex made a pilgrimage to Rome, remaining there about a year. On his return in 856 he stayed at the court of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Bald. In July Æthelwulf became engaged to Judith, Charles' oldest daughter. She was at most thirteen years of age at the time.

Child Queen
Child Queen 

On 1 October 856 they were married at Verberie in northern France. The marriage was at best a diplomatic alliance. Both men were suffering from Viking attacks, and formed a common alliance. Charles insisted that his daughter be consecrated queen. He wanted her position safeguarded in England. At her coronation she was anointed with chrism, usually reserved for anointing bishops and kings.
Up to this time in Wessex they did not allow queens. The king's wife was just that, the king's wife. When Æthelwulf first ordered his new queen to sit beside him it caused concern among his people. In Wessex there were old superstitions regarding the evil of having a queen. But his order was obeyed without any objections from his nobles. Judith had no children by Æthelwulf, who died in 858. He was succeeded by his son Æthelbald, who married Judith, his step-mother. The marriage was condemned by Asser as well as, according to him, all who heard of it. Two and a half years later Æthelbald died leaving her a widow a second time.

Countess of Flanders
Judith returned to France the widow of her own stepson. To avoid scandal her father was keeping her under close guard at his castle at Senlis. He was looking for a new husband for her so she could be quietly married. Baldwin was already a count, probably at Ghent. He was in Senlis in early 862. Baldwin either abducted or convinced Judith to run off with him. The fact she slipped out of the castle dressed as a peasant girl seems to point to her cooperation. She also had help from her brother Lewis. When her father discovered what had happened he was furious. He was furious with Lewis as well. Baldwin and Judith fled to the court of Lothair II, king of Lorraine. He was Judith's cousin. Once they were safely out of her father's reach Baldwin married her. This was about 862. King Charles had his bishops excommunicate the couple. He also demanded that his nephew return Baldwin and his daughter Judith to him. At this point Baldwin and Judith wisely fled to Rome
. They asked Pope Nicholas I to intercede and legitimize their marriage. Baldwin made known his intent to join the Vikings if his marriage was not allowed. Vikings were a constant threat in northern France and Baldwin was needed to help fight them. The pope decided their marriage was valid and had the bishops withdraw their excommunication. Charles the Bald was forced to accept Baldwin as his son-in-law. By her marriage Judith became the first Countess of Flanders. Baldwin was given rule over Flanders with the title of margrave (count of a borderland) of Flanders. He protected Flanders for the next fifteen years from Vikings. Judith was last known to be living in 870. Baldwin died in 879.
Judith gave her descendants, the counts of Flanders and Boulogne, the status of descent from Charlemagne. She was also an ancestress of Matilda of Flanders, the consort of William the Conqueror, and thus of later monarchs of England.

Family 

By her first husband, Æthelwulf, King of Wessex, she had no children.

By her second husband, Æthelbald, King of Wessex, she had no children.

By her third husband, Baldwin I of Flanders, Judith's children included:

 Baldwin II (–918), he succeeded his father as count. 
 Raoul (Rodulf) († 896), Count of Cambrai.
 Guinidilda, she married Wifredo I, Count of Barcelona.

Notes

References 

840s births
870s deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
Franks
Mechagodzilla is a fictional giant robot dinosaurian mecha monster who appears in movies in the Godzilla series. He is Godzilla's robotic doppelgänger. He first appeared in Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla, a 1974 kaiju movie from Toho Studios. He is one of Godzilla's most powerful enemies.

Movie appearances 
 Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla (1974)
 Terror of Mechagodzilla (1975; also as "Mechagodzilla 2")
 Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II (1993; also as "Super Mechagodzilla")
 Godzilla Island (1997)
 Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla (2002; also as "Kiryu") 
 Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. (2003; also as "Kiryu")
 Godzilla vs. Kong (2021)
                                                                                                                           Monsters
Godzilla
Fictional robots
Fictional dinosaurs
Every force has a coupling constant, which is a measure of its strength in an interaction. The coupling constant determines the chances of one particle to emit or absorb another particle. In electromagnetism, for example, the coupling constant is based on the electric charge. A coupling constant plays an important role in dynamics.

When physicists study the quantum behaviour of electromagnetism, they can not solve the whole theory exactly, because every particle may emit and absorb many other particles, which may also do the same, endlessly. So events of emission and absorption are considered as perturbations and are dealt with by a series of approximations.

This also can happen in string theory. String theories have a coupling constant. It determines the probability that a 1-dimensional string of energy will separate into two separate energy strings. But unlike in particle theories, the string coupling constant is not just a number, but depends on one of the oscillation modes of the string.
Quantum mechanics
Statistics
Latin dance is a general term for dance styles from the Americas and Spain. It is also a term for dances in the international latin dance syllabus: rumba, cha-cha-cha, samba, paso doble and jive.

Social latin dances include salsa, mambo, merengue, tumba, bachata, bomba, plena, cumbia, and the Argentine tango. There are many dances which were popular in the first part of the 20th century, but which are now of only historical interest. The Cuban danzón is a good example.

References
Arnulf II of Flanders (–987), called Arnulf the Young was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 965 until his death. He ruled a much smaller County of Flanders than his father.

Career 
Arnulf II, born about 961, was the son of Baldwin III, Count of Flanders and Mathilde. She was the daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony. His father Baldwin III died in 962 when Arnulf was just an infant. His grandfather, Arnulf I, was still alive and ruling Flanders. When Arnulf I died three years later (965), the regency was held by his kinsman Baldwin Balso. The regent Balso died in 973.
By the time Arnulf reached his age of majority in 976, Flanders had lost some of the southern territory acquired by Arnulf I. His grandfather had given some parts of Picardy to King Lothar of France to help make sure his grandson, Arnulf II would succeed him. Arnulf I also Boulogne as a fief to his nephew, Arnulf II, Count of Boulogne. Then early in Arnulf's minority King Lothar had taken Ponthieu and given it to Hugh Capet, and the first counts of Guînes had established themselves there. Arnulf died on 30 March, 987, just 26 years old.
Shortly after Arnulf's death his widow married Robert II, King of France as his first wife.

Family
In 968 he married Rozala of Lombardy, daughter of Berengar II of Italy, and had two children:

 Baldwin IV (980–1035), who succeeded his father. 
 Mathilde, who died before 995.

Notes

References 

960s births
980s deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
Baldwin IV of Flanders (980–1035) known as Baldwin the Bearded, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 987 until his death. His reign saw Flanders grow into a powerful principality.

Career 
Baldwin IV, born c.980, was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders and Rozala of Ivrea. When his father died in 987 Baldwin succeeded him as Count of Flanders . His mother, Rozala, was the regent of Flanders until he reached the age of majority. After his father's death, his mother's second marriage was arranged by Hugh Capet. She married Hugh's son Robert II, King of France as his first wife. When Robert repudiated her in 991 Baldwin rebelled. When they came to terms Artois and Ostrevant, once taken from Flanders, were returned to Baldwin.
Unlike his predecessors Baldwin was more interested in what lay east of Flanders. He left the southern part of his territory in the hands of his vassals the counts of Guînes, Hesdin, and St. Pol. Baldwin was the first count of Flanders to extend Flemish control eastward. He was given Zeeland as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II. He also received Valenciennes from the emperor. Then Baldwin obtained parts of the Cambresis as well as Saint-Omer and the northern Ternois (1120). 

In the French territories the principality of Flanders remained powerful throughout the Capetian period. The Flemish economy saw strong growth during Baldwin's reign. Baldwin IV died on 30 May, 1035.

Family 

Baldwin married first, Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, by whom he had a son and heir: 

 Baldwin V, Count of Flanders (1012–1067). He succeeded his father as count. 

He secondly married Eleanor of Normandy, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy,  by whom he had a daughter:
Judith (1033–1094) who married Tostig Godwinson. She secondly Welf I, Duke of Bavaria.

Notes

References

980s births
1035 deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
A ribozyme (ribonucleic acid enzyme) is an RNA molecule that can help certain biochemical reactions. similar to the action of protein enzymes. 

Also called catalytic RNA, ribozymes  work in the ribosome to link amino acids during protein synthesis. They also take part in RNA splicing, viral replication, and transfer RNA biosynthesis. 

The 1981 discovery of ribozymes showed RNA can be both genetic material (like DNA) and a biological catalyst (like enzymes). This led to the RNA world hypothesis, in which RNA acts in the evolution of prebiotic self-replicating systems.
Investigators studying the origin of life have produced ribozymes in the laboratory that can catalyze their own synthesis under certain conditions, such as an RNA polymerase ribozyme. Improved variants of the "Round-18" polymerase ribozyme have been developed. "B6.61" is able to add up to 20 nucleotides to a primer template in 24 hours, until it decomposes by cleavage of its phosphodiester bonds. The "tC19Z" ribozyme can add up to 95 nucleotides with great accuracy.

Some ribozymes may play an important role as therapeutic agents, as enzymes which target defined RNA sequences for cleavage, as biosensors, and for applications in genomics and gene discovery.

History 
In 1967, Carl Woese, Francis Crick, and Leslie Orgel suggested that RNA could act as a catalyst. It was discovered that RNA can form complex secondary structures.

The first ribozymes were discovered in the 1980s. In 1989, Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their "discovery of catalytic properties of RNA".
References 

RNA
Enzymes
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote at least five violin concertos between 1773 and 1776 in Salzburg, Austria, most likely for his own use as concertmaster of the Archbishop of Salzburg's orchestra.

Violin Concerto No. 1 in B-flat major, K. 207
This concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns and strings, and was composed in Salzburg on April 14, 1773 or 1775. The date is uncertain. There are three movements: Allegro moderato; Adagio; Presto.

All three movements are written in sonata form, a form reserved by classical composers for their more serious works. The second movement is marked Adagio, a more intense tempo than Mozart's usual Andantes.

Violin Concerto No. 2 in D major, K. 211
The D major concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was written in Salzburg and dated June 14, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro moderato; Andante; (Rondeau) Allegro.
Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major, "Strassburg", K. 216
This concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was composed in Salzburg and is dated September 12, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro; Adagio; (Rondeau) Allegro.

Violin Concerto No. 4 in D major, K. 218 
The fourth concerto in D major is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was composed in Salzburg, and is dated October 1775. The autograph of the score is kept in Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Kraków. 
 Allegro.
 Andante cantabile. This movement is written in the concerto's dominant key of A major.  It begins with a broad opening theme that occurs again in the middle of the piece, and again in the coda. The movement focuses on expressive melody rather than virtuoso display. The opening theme returns in 6/8 meter in the third movement's Allegro ma non troppo section. Mozart first used the theme in the Concertone in C major, K. 190.  
 Andante grazioso.
Violin Concerto No. 5 in A major, "Turkish", K. 219

The fifth concerto in A major is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was written in Salzburg and is dated December 20, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro aperto; Adagio; (Rondeau) Tempo di Menuetto.

Two Other Concertos of Controversial Attribution 

A sixth concerto, in E flat major, was at one time attributed to Mozart   but is now attributed instead to Johann Friedrich Eck.

Violin Concerto No. 7 in D Major, also called the Kolb Concerto.

Notes

References
 
 

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Mozart
Samurai Pizza Cats is a television anime series produced by Saban. It is an English version of the Japanese anime series  Kyatto Ninden Teyandee, which aired on TV Tokyo from February 1, 1990 to February 12, 1991. It aired for 54 episodes. It was very popular among English anime fans because of its references to pop culture and the crazy nature of the show.

Plot
The series is about a group of three robotic samurai cats (Rick Gomez, Tress MacNeille, Paul Reubens) called the Samurai Pizza Cats who protect the city of Little Tokyo from crime. Little Tokyo is a mechanical city which combines feudal Japanese culture with present day culture. When they are not fighting crime, the Samurai Pizza Cats work at the city's pizzeria.
Cast
 Rick Gomez as Speedy Cerviche
 Tress MacNeille as Polly Esther
 Paul Reubens as Guido Anchovy
 Jess Harnell as Guru Lou
 Don Messick as Big Cheese
 Billy West as Al Dente
 Sally Struthers as Lucille
 Kath Soucie as Francine
 Maurice LaMarche as Spritz
 Charlie Adler as Bad Bird
 Nancy Cartwright as Junior
 Dee Bradley Baker as Crow

References

Other websites
 Samurai Pizza Cats at the Anime News Network's Encyclopedia

Anime
Animated television series
1990 television series debuts
Latte is a kind of coffee made with espresso and hot milk.

Related pages 
 Mate (drink)

Coffee
The adventure movie was most popular in Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940s. Movies such as Captain Blood, The Adventures of Robin Hood and The Mark of Zorro were regularly made with major stars, notably Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power, who were closely associated with the genre. In the earliest adventure movies, the main character was usually male. They were portrayed as courageous heroes, facing tyrants or rescuing a beautiful woman in distress.
Themes
Adventure movies usually emphasise the mystery, romance, adventure, danger, and terror of the unknown. Common settings include a jungle or desert. Classic dangers include ferocious man-eating mammals and reptiles, hostile natives, deadly diseases, lost cities and crumbling temples, torrential rivers, waterfalls, whirlpools, and quicksand bogs, damsels in distress, evil emirs and treacherous tribal chieftains, and despicable white adventurers from the civilized world intent on exploiting the jungle, its animals, treasures, resources, and primitive native peoples. 

Adventure movies may crossover into other genres such as war, crime, romance, or horror.
Examples
Notable examples of jungle adventure movies include King Kong (adventure, romance, horror), The African Queen (romance, adventure), I Walked with a Zombie (romance, horror), Disney's animated The Jungle Book (children's, comedy, musical), Apocalypse Now (war), and the many Bomba movies, and the Tarzan movies and serials. Since the first theatrical releases of jungle movies in the early 20th century, popular interest in the genre has never waned. Comic books, novels, pulp magazines, and television series have stoked the genre's popularity over the decades.

References

 
Movie genres
Fernand Léger (born Joseph Fernand Henri Léger, 4 February 1881 – 17 August 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism which he gradually changed into a more popular figurative style. His boldly simplified treatment of modern subject matter made him a forerunner of pop art.

His personal style was called "tubism" because it was influenced by cubism, but used tube-like forms.

French painters
French sculptors
French filmmakers
1881 births
1955 deaths
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (often referred to as "The Guggenheim") is a well-known art museum on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.  It has a large collection of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early Modern and contemporary art.  It also has several special exhibitions during each year.

The museum was started by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director, the artist Hilla von Rebay. The name was changed to honor the founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, after his death in 1952.

Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical museum building is wider at the top than the bottom. He wanted it to be a "temple of the spirit". The building is one of the 20th century's most important architectural landmarks. The building opened on October 21, 1959, replacing rented spaces used by the museum since 1939.
To design the museum, Wright created more than 700 sketches until the final draft of the project was official. Wright spent 16 years working on the design, but he died before the building was completed. His design created a lot of arguments as many people did not like it. One person said it looked like "an indigestible hot cross bun", and another said it looked like "an inverted oatmeal dish." Some artists thought that the curved walls and ramps would make it impossible to hang their paintings properly.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Gwathmey Siegel Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Renovation and Addition project page 
 Architectural Review 
 Art of the Motorcycle Exhibit 
 New York Academy of Sciences Podcast about Imageless Exhibit
 Happy 50th Birthday, Guggenheim  – slideshow by Life magazine
 50 Facts on Guggenheim's 50th  – Daily News archives
 The Guggenheim 50th Birthday Party

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
1939 establishments in New York (state)
Museums in Manhattan
The Frederick C. Robie House is a U.S. National Historic Landmark in the Chicago, Illinois neighborhood of Hyde Park at 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue on the South Side.  It was designed and built between 1908 and 1910 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and is renowned as the greatest example of the Prairie School style, the first architectural style that was uniquely American.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 27, 1963 and was on the very first National Register of Historic Places list of October 15, 1966.

References

Other websites

 Pictures of Robie House
 The Richard Nickel Committee and Photographic Archive Photographer of the Robie House
 Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust website 
 Drawings, photos and data pages in the Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey
Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Buildings and structures in Chicago
Landmarks in Chicago
National Historic Landmarks of the United States
Houses in the United States
1910 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Illinois
Humberto Maturana (September 14, 1928 – May 6, 2021) was a Chilean biologist and philosopher. He was one of the second-wave systems scientists and cyberneticians. Maturana was born in Santiago, Chile.

Maturana, with Francisco Varela, was known for creating the term autopoiesis about the nature of life. His work has been influential in many fields, mainly the field of systems thinking and cybernetics. Overall, his work is concerned with the biology of cognition.

Maturana died on May 6, 2021 in Santiago from pneumonia at the age of 92.
Publications
Books, a selection: 
 1980. Autopoiesis and cognition: the realization of the living, with Francisco Varela. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science.
 1984. The tree of knowledge: biological basis of human understanding, with Francisco Varela. Revised edition 1992.
 1990. Biology of cognition and epistemology. Universidad de la Frontera. Temuco, Chile.
 1992 Conversations with Humberto Maturana: questions to biologist psychotherapist, with K. Ludewig.  Universidad de la Frontera. Temuco, Chile.
 1994. Reflections and conversations, with Kurt Ludewig. Collection Family Institute. FUPALI Ed. Cordova.
 1994. Democracy is a work of art. Collection Roundtable. Linotype Ed Bogota Bolivar y Cia. 
 1997 Objectivity: an argument to force. Santiago de Chile: Dolmen.
 1997 Machines and living things: autopoiese to do organização vivo. With Francisco Varela Porto Alegre: Medical Arts.
 2004. From being to doing: the origins of the biology of cognition, with Bernhard Poerksen.
2009. The Origins of humanness in the biology of love, with Gerda Verden-Zoller and Pille Brunnel.
 2004. From biology to psychology. 
 2009. Sense of humanity.
References 

1928 births
Chilean biologists
Systems scientists
2021 deaths
Scientists from Santiago
Philosophers
Writers from Santiago
Spring Green is a village in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,628 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the Town of Spring Green. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright lived in Spring Green, Wisconsin.

Other websites

 Village of Spring Green
 Spring Green Community Library

Villages in Wisconsin
Sauk County, Wisconsin
Baldwin V of Flanders (1012–1067) known as Baldwin de Lille or Baldwin de Insulanus, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 1035 until his death. Baldwin was one of the most powerful counts in France at the time.

Early career 

He was the son of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and his first wife Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, In 1028 Baldwin married Adèle of France She was the daughter of King Robert II of France. At her instigation he rebelled against his father, Baldwin IV, but in 1030 they were reconciled. When his father died in 1035 Baldwin succeeded him.

Count of Flanders 

While Eustace I, Count of Boulogne was usually at odds with Baldwin IV, he and Baldwin V had friendly relations. They signed each other's charters and worked together several times. Eustace I signed three charters of Baldwin's which limited the power of advocates.
Flanders under Baldwin V did not have very good relations with England. Baldwin gave refuge to England's exiles and even gave them ships and men at times. He protected Queen Emma 1036-1040 as well as her two sons Alfred and Harthacnut. When Earl Godwin, Earl of Wessex and his family were exiled by Edward the Confessor in 1051-2, Baldwin welcomed them. He also helped them to prepare their return to England. In turn Edward the Confessor positioned his fleet off the coast of Flanders while Baldwin V was warring with Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor in 1049. This threat caused Baldwin to sue for peace with the Emperor.
Baldwin V had a great deal of influence due in part to several marriages alliance between Flanders and England, France and Germany. He was close to his brother-in-law, Henry I,the king of France. From 1060 to 1067 Baldwin was the Regent for his nephew Philip I of France. In 1051 Baldwin had coerced Richildis, the widow of Count Herman of Hainault, to marry his son Baldwin VI. This gave him control of Hainault through his son. This also led to a series of conflicts between Baldwin V and Emperor Henry III, as Hainault was part of the Holy Roman Empire. After a series of defeats Henry III withdrew back to Germany and died a short time later. In 1056 Baldwin received the whole of the Schelt march as a fief from Agnes of Poitou, regent for her son Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Baldwin's daughter Matilda married William I of England, later king of England. At first the marriage was banned by Pope Leo IX. He did not give a reason but it was probably because the two were cousins
. Some time between 1050 and 1052 the two married despite the papal ban. Although Baldwin allowed some Flemish support for his Norman conquest of England relations between Baldwin and his son-in-law William the Conqueror were not that friendly. The English king was wary of Baldwin's growing power. But by then Baldwin was growing old. He died 1 September 1067.
Family 

Baldwin and his wife Adèle had three children:

 Baldwin 'de Mons'. He succeeded his father.
 Matilda, (–1083), she married William the Conqueror and was Queen consort of England.
 Robert 'le Frison', (–1093), Count of Flanders; Count of Holland.

Notes

References 

1012 births
1067 deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
Weymouth is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts,  United States. As of the 2010 census, Weymouth had a total population of 53,743. Despite its city status, it is formally known as the Town of Weymouth. It is named after Weymouth, Dorset, a coastal town in England. The 1st Town Meeting was held in Weymouth (Wessagussett) in the Spring of 1622.  The 375th Town Meeting was held in the Spring of 1999. The final Town Meeting was held in the Fall of 1999 after a vote by citizens to change the Town Charter to form a City Form of Government. Wessagussett was the Algonquin name of Weymouth which was the Territory of the Massachusett Tribe under the leadership of its Sachem Chickatawbut.  His son Josiah Chickatawbut "sold" Wessagussett to the Colonists in a Deed dated 1642. In the Spring of 1623, Wessagussett was the site of the first act of Genocide when Captain Myles Standish and 8 men, led by Wampanoag Warrior Hobbamock killed Massachusett Leaders Wituwamat and Pecksuot and several others in an unprovoked raid
. The date given for this event is April 6, 1623.
Abigail Smith, daughter of Rev. William Smith and Elizabeth (Quincy) was born in North Weymouth on November 11, 1744.  She would marry John Adams of Braintree, MA, who would become the 2nd President of the United States.  Their son, John Quincy Adams, would become the 6th President of the United States. John and Abigail would become the first to live in the White House in Washington, DC. It is the second oldest European settlement in Massachusetts. Actor Hal Holbrook and architect Frank Lloyd Wright lived in Weymouth.

References

Other websites

 Town of Weymouth
 The Weymouth News 
 Weymouth History 
Answer Book/Weymouth: Everything you need to know 

Cities in Massachusetts
1630 establishments in Massachusetts
Francisco Javier Varela García (September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001) was a Chilean biologist, philosopher, and neuroscientist.

Varela was, with his teacher Humberto Maturana, best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology, and for co-founding the Mind and Life Institute to promote dialog between science and Buddhism.
Publications
Varela wrote numerous books and articles:
 1980 (with Humberto Maturana). Autopoiesis and cognition: the realization of the living. Boston: Reidel.
 1979. Principles of biological autonomy. North-Holland.
 1998 (1987) (with Humberto Maturana). The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding. Boston: Shambhala Press.
 1991 (with Evan Thompson and Eleanor Rosch). The Embodied mind: cognitive science and human experience. MIT Press.  
 1992 (with P. Bourgine) eds. Towards a practice of autonomous systems: the first European conference on artificial life. MIT Press.
 1992 (with J. Hayward) eds. Gentle bridges: dialogues between the cognitive sciences and the Buddhist tradition. Boston: Shambhala Press.
 1993 (with D. Stein) eds. Thinking about biology: an introduction to theoretical biology. Addison-Wesley, SFI Series on Complexity.
 1997 (ed). Sleeping, dreaming and dying. Boston: Wisdom Book.
 1996-99. Invitation aux sciences cognitives. Paris: Seuil.
1999. Ethical know-how: action, wisdom and cognition. Stanford University Press.
 1999 (with J. Shea), eds. The view from within: first-person methodologies in the study of consciousness. London: Imprint Academic.
1999 (with J. Petitot, B. Pachoud, and J-M. Roy) eds. Naturalizing phenomenology: contemporary issues in phenomenology and cognitive science. Stanford University Press.
References

1946 births
2001 deaths
Systems scientists
Chilean biologists
Angry Birds is a Finnish animated television series based on the Angry Birds series of games created by Rovio Mobile. The series was first shown on channel Teletoon. It began on March 16, 2013.

Characters 
The characters in Angry Birds Toons are birds, pigs, and other animals. None of the characters in the series say anything. Birds chirp, pigs grunt. But these sounds, including shouts, groans, growls, squeaks, squeals, laughter, etc., are being published by people, Finnish actors (often the authors of the series themselves are scriptwriters, directors, composers).
Birds 
 Red is the red, round bird, and leader of the flock. He is bossy, poor at stress and anger management, and is perhaps the most dedicated on protecting the Eggs from being captured by the Pigs.
 The Blues are a trio of blue birds who are mischievous and fun-loving, pulling pranks on both the Pigs and the Birds. They're the youngest in the flock. Their names are Jim, Jake, and Jay.
 Chuck is a yellow triangular-shaped bird who can move incredibly fast, to the point of even slowing down time. He is incredibly arrogant and even possesses a hero complex at times, though he does have the flock's best interest at heart.
 Matilda is caring, kind, loves children, has culinary skills, although sometimes her cooking can only be fed by pigs. Has something to do with the hippy culture.
Bomb is a black bird with a "fuse" on top of his head and has the ability to cause explosions at will. Bomb is laid back and has an active imagination. He is somewhat of a glutton, as he has a much greater appetite than the other birds.
 Bubbles is cheerful and friendly, very fond of sweets, and when he takes candy, he gets furious and does everything to get the sweets back. Like the blue birds are a child.
 Terence is a large red bird with a permanent grumpy appearance. He prefers to be silent, only growling to communicate, and rarely making eye contact (also doesn't blink). He normally moves around Weeping Angel style, disappearing and reappearing elsewhere only when other characters aren't looking at him. His immense weight and stonewall personality are comically worked into the episode plots.
 The Eggs are the children of birds. According to the plot, they want to steal pigs and cook eggs from them. Each of the adult birds wants to instill in their offspring their character.
Pigs 
For More See "Pigs from Angry Birds Toons"
 Minion Pigs are the pigs who dutifully serve the King, although they would prefer to just have dumb fun. As a group, they're a competent and reliable work force, having constructed an entire city for their kind, in stark contrast to the tribal lifestyle of the birds.
 King Pig is a large pig with a crown on his head. He is gluttonous, lazy, stupid, and selfish. His ego is also very fragile, often behaving like a spoiled child when things don't go his way. A running gag in the show is that his palace is constantly being reduced to rubble by the various antics of both the birds and pigs.[17]
 Corporal Pig is a militaristic pig who wears a helmet with an ace of spades playing card. He reveres King Pig and likes to bully others and order the minion pigs around. According to his Angry Birds profile, he had accidentally glued his tin helmet to his scalp, though one episode shows that it can be remove.
Foreman Pig is a pig with a bright orange moustache and a blind eye who is in charge of the construction projects. He occasionally leads the charge for stealing the eggs when Corporal Pig isn't doing so.
 Chef Pig is a pig with a chef hat and French moustache who cooks for the King and frequently helps with egg stealing. He is actually incredibly devious, and will act against even the other pigs, including the king, if it suits him.
 Chronicler Pig is the chronicler, priest, judge and master of ceremonies of Pig City, one of the most faithful servants of the King Pig. Very intelligent and calm.
  Professor Pig is an ingenious scientist and inventor, the truth of his creations does not always work properly.
 Fat Pig is strong, but narcissistic, arrogant and cowardly swine. He can sing very loudly.
 Hambo is stubborn and brave fighter, faithful disciple of Corporal. However, he is inattentive and a bit stupid.
Muscle Pig is a pumped swine, used to solve all the problems with his immense power. Likes to fight, but on condition that he wins. Losing he can not stand.
The Butterfly is one of the insects in the show. Chuck looked at her as he descended the mountain. She also appeared in the episodes A Pig's Best Friend, El Porkador! and The Butterfly Effect.
 The Fly is an insect in the show. After Red breathed on her with the smell of soup Matilda, she fell to the ground.
 The Bee is an insect in the show. It stung a small pig in the nose.
 Fish are one of the animals in the show. They were in an aquarium in a pig house. He also appeared in the episodoes Catch Of The Day. In the Sink or Swim episode, the red fish laughed at Red when he tried to learn to swim, and even photographed it.
 The Snail is an animal on the show. It has found the shape of a pig through the Chef, who tested his potion, turning all living things into pigs.
 The Lamb is a character on the show. She threw in the disguised birds Chef and two pigs.
The Crab is a character in the show. When Red tried to swim with a mask with a pipe, but he did not get out and he went to the bottom, the crab jumped on it.
 The Sea Monster is a character on the show. It was awakened when the pigs threw a dog in it, tied to the anchor.
Perhaps in the cartoon there will be Hal, Stella, Mighty Eagle, other pigs, but they did not appear in the trailers or had a minor role in them.

Angry Birds Toons episode list

Season 1 (2013-2014) 
 Chuck Time
 Where's My Crown?
 Full Metal Chuck
 Another Birthday
 Egg Sounds
 Pig Talent
 Cordon Bleugh!
 True Blue?
 Do as I say!
 Off Duty
 Slingshot 101
 Thunder Chuck
 Gardening with Terence
 Dopeys on a Rope
 Trojan Egg
 Double Take
 Crash Test Piggies
 Slappy-Go-Lucky
 Sneezy Does It
 Run Chuck Run
 Hypno Piggies
 Eggs Day Out
 Gate Crasher
 Hog Roast
 The Bird That Cried Pig!
 Hamshank Redimption
 Green Pig Soup
 Catch of the Day
 Nighty Night Terence
 Piggy Wig
 Pig Plot Potion
 Tooth Royal
 Night of the Living Pork
 King of the Castle
 Love is in the Air
 Fired Up
 Clash of Corns
 A Pig's Best Friend
 Slumber Mill
 Jingle Yells
 El Porkador!
 Hiccups
 The Butterfly Effect
 Hambo
 Bird Flu
 Piggies from the Deep
 Oh Gnome!
 Shrub It In
 The Truce
 Operation Opera
 Chucked Out
 Bomb's Awake
Season 2 (2014-2015) 
 Treasure Hunt
 Sweets of Doom
 Party Ahoy
 Hide and Seek
 Sink or Swim
 Super Bomb!
 Just So
 The Miracle of Life
 Cave Pig
 Joy to the Pigs
 Dogzilla
 Boulder Bro
 Chuck Mania
 Not Without My Helmet
 Mona Litha
 Sir Bomb of Hamelot
 Bearded Ambition
 Cold Justice
 Slow the Chuck Down!
 Brutal vs. Brutal
 Eating Out
 The Great Eggscape
 Sleep like a Hog
 Bombina
 Pig Possessed
 Epic Sax-Off

Season 3 (2015-2016) 
 Royal Heist
 Bad Hair Day
 Golditrotters
 A Fistful of Cabbage
 Porcula
 Didgeridork
 The Porktrait
 Fix It!
 Age Rage
 Catching the Blues
 Last Tree Standing
 Happy Hippy
 Mind the Pony
 Robo-Tilda
 King of the Ring
 Spaced Out
 Battling Buttlers
 Egghaustion
 Short and Special
 Hocus Porcus
 Romance in a Bottle
 The Butler Did It!
 Stalker
 Photochucked
 Bake On!
 Toy Hoggers
Development 
Rovio had announced a TV series based on the Angry Birds video games for Q4 2012. They planed to produce 52 short (sub-3 minute) episodes. The series was produced by Finnish animation studio Kombo, which Rovio bought in June 2011. The series will have 52 episodes, 4 seasons, and the theme song will be Angry Birds. "I am happy to say we are going to roll out a weekly animation series this year of short format content," said Nick Dorra, head of animation at Rovio. It aired on the Angry Birds apps on March 16th and 17th of 2013.

References 

Finnish culture
2013 anime television series
2013 television series debuts
2016 television series endings
American animated television series
Cartoon Network series
Comedy television series
Flash animation
Eustace I, of Boulogne, was a Frankish nobleman and Count of Boulogne. He held the county of Boulogne from 1042 until his death.

Career 

He was the oldest son of Count Baldwin II of Boulogne and Adelina of Holland. Eustace became count in 1042. Eustace I was also the count of Lens.

During the minority of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, Eustace's grandfather, Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne, broke free of control by the count of Flanders. Both Eustace's father and Eustace himself remained independent. In 995, having reached his majority, Baldwin IV of Flanders tried to take back several of the independently held castles. He also expanded the Flemish borders. This had caused considerable enmity between Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and Eustace's father. When Baldwin IV's son Baldwin V succeeded him in 1035 Eustace I and Baldwin V of Flanders cooperated on several ventures including several charters. Eustace also signed charters of Baldwin V which limited the powers of the advocates.
Eustace I was allied to the house of Normandy. This was through the marriage of his son Eustace II to Goda, niece of Richard II. Under Eustace I the counts of Boulogne rose to great prominence in Northern France. He was apparently a patron of Samer Abbey near Calais and he is said to have been buried there. In 1028 Eustace I confirmed the foundation of a college of canons at his castle at Lens  Eustace I died in 1049.

Family 

Eustace I was married to Matilda of Leuven. She was the daughter of Lambert I, Count of Leuven. Together they had:

 Eustace II of Boulogne.
 Godfrey, Bishop of Paris (1061–1095).
 Lambert II, Count of Lens.
 Gerberga, married Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine.

Notes

References

1049 deaths
Year of birth unknown
The 2012 Delhi gang rape case involved a gang rape and murder that happened on 16 December 2012 in Delhi, India. A 23-year-old female physiotherapy intern was beaten and gang raped on a bus that had been stolen by the gang. The woman died from her injuries. Four men were accused. They were found guilty. They received the death penalty. A minor was accused. He was sentenced to three years in prison. Rest of other accused got the death penalty on 20 March 2020.

References 

2012 in India
December events
2012 gang rape
Kidnapping
Murder in 2012
2010s murders in India
Rape in India