Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1956: Robert Merrill (Rigoletto), Roberta Peters (Gilda), Jussi Björling (Duca di Mantova), Anna Maria Rota (Maddalena), Giorgio Tozzi (Sparafucile), Vittorio Tatozzi (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Ionel Perlea - (RCA Victor)
 1959: Renato Capecchi (Rigoletto), Gianna D'Angelo (Gilda), Richard Tucker (Duca di Mantova), Miriam Pirazzini (Maddalena), Ivan Sardi (Sparafucile), Vito Susca (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro di San Carlo di Napoli, Francesco Molinari-Pradelli - (Philips)
 1959: Mario Sereni (Rigoletto), Victoria de Los Angeles (Gilda), Carlo Del Monte (Duca di Mantova), Elena Nicolai (Maddalena), Nicola Rossi-Lemeni (Sparafucile), Ferruccio Mazzoli (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Tullio Serafin - (EMI Classics)
1960: Ettore Bastianini (Rigoletto), Renata Scotto (Gilda), Alfredo Kraus (Duca di Mantova), Fiorenza Cossotto (Maddalena), Ivo Vinco (Sparafucile), Silvio Maionica (Monterone); Orchestra e coro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Gianandrea Gavazzeni - (Urania)
 1961: Cornell MacNeil (Rigoletto), Joan Sutherland (Gilda), Renato Cioni (Duca di Mantova), Stefania Malagù (Maddalena), Cesare Siepi (Sparafucile), Fernando Corena (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra dell'Accademia di Santa Cecilia, Nino Sanzogno - (Decca)
 1963: Robert Merrill (Rigoletto), Anna Moffo (Gilda), Alfredo Kraus (Duca di Mantova), Rosalind Elias (Maddalena), Ezio Flagello (Sparafucile), David Ward (Monterone); RCA Italiana Orchestra and Chorus, Georg Solti - (RCA Victor)
 1964: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (Rigoletto), Renata Scotto (Gilda), Carlo Bergonzi (Duca di Mantova), Fiorenza Cossotto (Maddalena), Ivo Vinco (Sparafucile), Lorenzo Testi (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Rafael Kubelik - (Deutsche Grammophon)
1967: Cornell MacNeil (Rigoletto), Reri Grist (Gilda), Nicolai Gedda (Duca di Mantova), Anna Di Stasio (Maddalena), Agostino Ferrin (Sparafucile), Ruggero Raimondi (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Francesco Molinari-Pradelli - (EMI Classics)
 1971: Sherrill Milnes (Rigoletto), Joan Sutherland (Gilda), Luciano Pavarotti (Duca di Mantova), Huguette Tourangeau (Maddalena), Martti Talvela (Sparafucile), Clifford Grant (Monterone); Ambrosian Opera Chorus, London Symphony Orchestra, Richard Bonynge - (Decca)
 1978: Sherrill Milnes (Rigoletto), Beverly Sills (Gilda), Alfredo Kraus (Duca di Mantova), Mignon Dunn (Maddalena), Samuel Ramey (Sparafucile, Monterone); Ambrosian Opera Chorus, Philharmonia Orchestra, Julius Rudel - (EMI Classics)
1979: Piero Cappuccilli (Rigoletto), Ileana Cotrubas (Gilda), Plácido Domingo (Duca di Mantova), Elena Obraztsova (Maddalena), Nicolai Ghiaurov (Sparafucile), Kurt Moll (Monterone); Wiener Staatsopernchor, Wiener Philharmoniker, Carlo Maria Giulini - (Deutsche Grammophon)
 1983: Thomas Allen (Rigoletto), Fiamma Izzo D'Amico (Gilda), José Carreras (Duca di Mantova), Helga Müller-Molinari (Maddalena), Evgeny Nesterenko (Sparafucile), José van Dam (Monterone); Coro del Teatro La Fenice di Venezia, Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan - (Deutsche Grammophon)
 1984: Renato Bruson (Rigoletto), Edita Gruberova (Gilda), Neil Shicoff (Duca di Mantova), Brigitte Fassbaender (Maddalena), Robert Lloyd (Sparafucile), Kurt Rydl (Monterone); Orchestra e Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Giuseppe Sinopoli - (Philips)
1988: Leo Nucci (Rigoletto), June Anderson (Gilda), Luciano Pavarotti (Duca di Mantova), Shirley Verrett (Maddalena), Nicolai Ghiaurov (Sparafucile), Natale de Carolis (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna, Riccardo Chailly - (Decca)
 1988: Giorgio Zancanaro (Rigoletto), Daniela Dessi (Gilda), Vincenzo La Scola (Duca di Mantova), Martha Senn (Maddalena), Paata Burchuladze (Sparafucile), Giorgio Surjan (Monterone); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Riccardo Muti - (EMI Classics)
 1993: Vladimir Chernov (Rigoletto), Cheryl Studer (Gilda), Luciano Pavarotti (Duca di Mantova), Denyce Graves (Maddalena), Roberto Scandiuzzi (Sparafucile), Ildebrando D'Arcangelo (Monterone); The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Chorus, James Levine - (Deutsche Grammophon)
Sources

Budden, Julian (1984). The Operas of Verdi, Volume 1: From Oberto to  Rigoletto. London: Cassell. 
Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "Rigoletto" . Almanacco Amadeus. Retrieved 20 April 2012 .
Holden, Amanda (ed.) (2001). The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001. 
Kimbell, David (1985). Verdi in the Age of Italian Romanticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Archive. 
Melitz, Leo (1913) The Opera Goer's Complete Guide. New York: Dodd, Mead

1850s operas
Compositions by Giuseppe Verdi
Terror birds, the family Phorusrhacidae, were large carnivorous flightless birds. They were the dominant predators in South America during the Cainozoic, from 53–0.1 million years ago. They were roughly 1–3 meters (3–10 feet) tall. 

Titanis walleri, one of the larger species, is known from Texas and Florida in North America. This makes the phorusrhacids the only known example of large South American predators migrating north during the Great American Interchange. This took place after the volcanic Isthmus of Panama land bridge rose about three million years ago.
A recently discovered species is Kelenken guillermoi from the middle of the Miocene some 15 million years ago. It was found in Patagonia in 2006. It had the largest bird skull yet found. The fossil has been described as having a  nearly intact skull. The beak is roughly  long and curves in a hook shape that resembles an eagle's beak. Most species described as phorusrhacid were smaller,  tall, but the new fossil belongs to a bird that probably stood about  tall. The large terror birds were nimble and quick runners able to reach speeds of .

Simulations of a terror bird strike produced by the Discovery Channel using a pneumatic model showed the larger species could easily crush the skull of its prey and puncture through bone with its beak. They had a fearsome weapon, a beak which could be driven into prey with the force of a sledgehammer. They could run at speed over long distances. The Phorusrhacids are colloquially known as "terror birds". The larger species were apex predators during the Miocene.
Well-known genera:
Brontornis
Phorusrhacos
Titanis

References 

Fossils
Flightless birds
Phorusrhacos was a genus of giant predatory flightless birds which lived in Patagonia. The terror birds lived in woodlands and grasslands. Remains are known from several localities in the Santa Cruz Province, of Argentina.

Phorusrhacos stood around 2.5 meters (8 ft) tall and weighed approximately 130 kilograms (280 lbs). It was nicknamed the "Terror Bird" for obvious reasons: it was one of the largest carnivorous birds ever to have existed, along with Titanis, Kelenken and Brontornis. Its rudimentary wings had claws shaped like a meat hook for tackling prey, which was then killed with the massive beak. It ate small mammals and carrion. 

Its skull was up to sixty centimeters long, armed with a powerful, hook-tipped beak. The structure of the beak and the large claws on the toes show that this was a bird of prey. It raced over the grassy plateaus and hills of Patagonia, catching small reptiles and mammals leaving larger prey to its more massive relatives such as Brontornis.
Large birds 
Elephant birds
Aepyornis
Moa 
Dinornis 
Terror birds 
Brontornis
Dromornis
Gastornis (Diatryma)

References 

Fossils
Flightless birds
Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
Santos was born in Maringá, Brazil on July 20, 1977. He moved to Japan in 1994. After graduating from Meitoku Gijuku High School, he joined J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse in 1997. He played as many matches as left side midfielder from first season. In 1999, the club won the 2nd place and he received the "J.League MVP". In Asia, the club won the champions 1999–00 Asian Cup Winners' Cup and the 3rd place 2000–01 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. In 2004, he joined Urawa Reds. After won the 2nd place at J1 League for 2 years in a row (2004, 2005), the club won the champions in 2006 J1 League. In January 2007, he was loaned out to Red Bull Salzburg. He went back to Urawa in January 2008. He received a serious injury in a test match and had only one appearance in this season. In July 2009, he agreed to move to Nagoya Grampus. He made 55 appearances for the club, before joining J2 League side Tochigi SC for the 2013 season. He made 25 appearances there, scoring twice. In January 2014, he joined fellow J2 League team FC Gifu
In November 2001, Santos obtained Japanese citizenship. He made his first appearance for Japan national team on March 21, 2002 against Ukraine, and he was part of Philippe Troussier's selection for the 2002 World Cup. He was the second foreign-born person to play for Japan in the World Cup after Wagner Lopes, who played in the 1998 World Cup and also the fifth naturalized citizen to play for Japan after Daishiro Yoshimura, George Yonashiro, Ruy Ramos, and Lopes.

Since Zico took over as the national team manager, Santos was a constant on the left side of the Japanese lineup, as a side back in 4-4-2 formation or midfielder in 3-5-2 formation. At 2004 Asian Cup, he played full time in all 6 matches and Japan won the champions. He was selected to Japan's 2006 World Cup squad in May 2006, providing an assist for Keiji Tamada in a group stage match against his former country Brazil. He played 82 games and scored 7 goals for Japan until 2006.

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="7"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="7"|J1 League||27||3||3||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||32||4
|-
|1998||26||10||5||2||5||0||colspan="2"|-||36||12
|-
|1999||30||11||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||35||11
|-
|2000||30||4||5||4||5||0||colspan="2"|-||40||8
|-
|2001||30||12||5||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||37||14
|-
|2002||29||9||3||0||2||2||2||2||36||13
|-
|2003||26||7||4||0||4||0||3||1||37||8
|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="3"|J1 League||27||2||2||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||3
|-
|2005||32||4||5||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||42||4
|-
|2006||34||5||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||35||5

|-
|2006/07||rowspan=2|Red Bull Salzburg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||9||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2007/08||11||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0||12||1
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="2"|J1 League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2009||6||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="4"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="4"|J1 League||14||0||6||1||0||0||4||0||24||1
|-
|2010||25||0||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|-
|2011||11||0||4||0||1||0||3||0||19||0
|-
|2012||5||0||2||0||0||0||1||0||8||0
|-
|2013||Tochigi SC||J2 League||25||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||2
|-
|2014||FC Gifu||J2 League||18||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||2
396||71||51||10||36||4||13||3||496||88
20||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0||21||1
416||72||51||10||36||4||14||3||517||89
|}

|-
|2002||9||1
|-
|2003||15||1
|-
|2004||22||2
|-
|2005||17||1
|-
|2006||19||2
|-
!Total||82||7
|}

References

Other websites
Other websites

1977 births
Living people
Brazilian-Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Nagoya Grampus players
Tochigi SC players
FC Gifu players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
"Morning Glory" is a song by the rock band Oasis.  The song was written by Noel Gallagher, and which was released on the band's second album (What's the Story) Morning Glory? in September 1995.  It was given an Australian-only single release and was also a radio single in the United States.

Charts

1995 songs
Oasis (band) songs
Songs about drugs
"The Importance of Being Idle" is a song on the English rock band Oasis.  It is from their sixth album, Don't Believe the Truth.  The song is written and sung by lead guitarist Noel Gallagher. It was the second single released from the album in the UK, on 22 August 2005, where it debuted at number one.  It was also the first time that Oasis earned two successive number ones in the same calendar year. It was written by Gallagher in the summer of 2004, before the band made their final attempt at recording what would become Don't Believe the Truth. He got the title from the book of the same name, which he found whilst cleaning out his garage (it belonged not to him but to girlfriend Sara McDonald).

2005 songs
Oasis (band) songs
This is a List of Oasis band members.

Final lineup
Liam Gallagher
Active: 1991–2010
Instruments: lead vocals, tambourine
Release contributions: all Oasis releases

Gem Archer
Active: 1999–2010
Instruments: guitar, keyboards, harmonica, bass, backing vocals
Release contributions: all Oasis releases from Heathen Chemistry (2002)

Andy Bell
Active: 1999–2010
Instruments: guitar, bass, keyboards
Release contributions: all Oasis releases from Heathen Chemistry (2002)

Jay Darlington
Active: 2002–2010
Instruments: keyboards, Hammond organ
Release contributions: Dig Out Your Soul (2008) – "Falling Down" only

Chris Sharrock
Active: 2008–2010
Instruments: drums, percussion
Release contributions: none

Former members
Tony McCarroll
Active: 1991–1995
Instruments: drums
Release contributions: Definitely Maybe (1994)

Paul "Bonehead" Arthurs
Active: 1991–1999
Instruments: rhythm guitar, piano, mellotron
Release contributions: Definitely Maybe (1994), (What's the Story) Morning Glory? (1995), Be Here Now (1997)
Paul "Guigsy" McGuigan
Active: 1991–1999
Instruments: bass
Release contributions: Definitely Maybe (1994), (What's the Story) Morning Glory? (1995), Be Here Now (1997)

Noel Gallagher
Active: 1991–2009
Instruments: guitar, vocals, keyboards, piano, mellotron, bass, drums, eBow
Release contributions: all Oasis releases

Alan White
Active: 1995–2004
Instruments: drums, percussion
Release contributions: (What's the Story) Morning Glory? (1995), Be Here Now (1997), Standing on the Shoulder of Giants (2000), Heathen Chemistry (2002)

Zak Starkey
Active: 2004–2008
Instruments: drums, percussion
Release contributions: Don't Believe the Truth (2005), Dig Out Your Soul (2008)

Lists of musicians
Members
This is a comprehensive list of songs by English rock band Oasis. Since forming in 1994, the band have released seven studio albums, one live album, two compilation albums, one extended play (EP), thirty singles and five video albums. This list does not contain live versions or remixes released by the band.

Original songs

Covers

Unreleased songs
Notes
A ^  "(It's Good) To Be Free", "Acquiesce", "Fade Away", "Going Nowhere", "Half the World Away", "Headshrinker", "I Am the Walrus", "Listen Up", "Rockin' Chair", "Stay Young", "Talk Tonight", "The Masterplan", "The Swamp Song" and "Underneath the Sky" were later included on The Masterplan.
B ^  "Bonehead's Bank Holiday" was included on the vinyl edition of (What's the Story) Morning Glory? only.
C ^  "Boy with the Blues" was included on the bonus CD of Dig Out Your Soul. Was later included on NCIS: The Official TV Soundtrack.
D ^  "Can Y'See It Now? (I Can See It Now!!)" was included on the Japanese edition of Don't Believe the Truth only.
E ^  "Cloudburst" was also included on the Japanese edition of Definitely Maybe.
F ^  "Eyeball Tickler" was also included on the UK and Canadian iTunes editions of Don't Believe the Truth.
G ^  "I Believe in All" was included on the bonus CD and Japanese edition of Dig Out Your Soul only.
H ^  "Lord Don't Slow Me Down" was later included on the bonus CD of Dig Out Your Soul.
I ^  "Pass Me Down the Wine" was also included on the US iTunes edition of Don't Believe the Truth.
J ^  "Sad Song" was included on the vinyl and Japanese editions of Definitely Maybe. Was later included on the DVD version of Definitely Maybe.
K ^  "Sittin' Here in Silence (On My Own)" was also included on the Japanese edition of Don't Believe the Truth.
L ^  "The Cage" was included as a hidden track after "Better Man".
M ^  "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" was included on the Japanese edition of "Some Might Say" only.
N ^  "Originally aired for BBC Radio 2 on 2 June 2007"
Lists of songs by recording artists
José F. Bonaparte (14 June 1928 – 18 February 2020) was a paleontologist from Argentina. He discovered and named many new dinosaurs from South America, including Noasaurus, Carnotaurus, Saltasaurus, Kritosaurus, Alvarezsaurus, Riojasaurus, and many, many others. He also discovered or described a number of archosaurs and primitive birds (such as Iberomesornis) and assisted with the study of other dinosaurs, like Giganotosaurus. 

He was born in Rosario, Argentina, and grew up in Mercedes, Buenos Aires. Despite a lack of formal training in paleontology, he started collecting fossils at an early age, and created a museum in his home town. Bonaparte was considered to be one of the greatest and most successful modern paleontologists. 

He was Professor of Palaeozoology at the Universidad Nacional de Tucumán from 1975 to 1979, and director of the palaeovertebrate section between 1960 and 1978.

Bonaparte died on 18 February 2020 in Mercedes, Argentina at the age of 91.

References
References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Paleontologists
Argentine scientists
People from Rosario, Argentina
Drowning Pool, often known as DP, are an alternative metal band from Texas in America. The most popular song they have brought out is "Bodies" which is often called "Let The Bodies Hit The Floor" because of the repeated line in the chorus. They have brought out five albums on the record label Eleven Seven, and have one live album out called Loudest Common Denominator.

History

Early years as instrumental trio (1996–1998) 
Drowning Pool formed in Dallas, Texas in 1996. Guitarist C.J. Pierce and drummer Mike Luce formed Drowning Pool after relocating from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Dallas. There, they found and recruited bassist Stevie Benton. For a few years they stuck to performing as an instrumental trio
Arrival of Dave Williams and Pieces of Nothing (1999–2000) 
In 1999, with the arrival of vocalist Dave Williams. After recording a demo, Drowning Pool hooked up with Sevendust which got Drowning Pool in touch with Hed PE and Kittie. After touring with these bands, Drowning Pool got their demos enough radio play to get signed by Wind-up Records. The band made music with producer Jay Baumgardner.

In 2000, Drowning Pool released a six-track EP called Pieces Of Nothing (with I Am, Bodies, Follow, Tear Away, Less Than Zero and Told You So).

Sinner, death of Dave Williams and Jason Jones (2001–2003) 
Drowning Pool rose to fame with debut album and played at the Ozzfest in 2001. Their 2001 debut album Sinner was certified platinum within six weeks. A number of songs from the album were featured at various WWF events that year, and three tracks would be included on the soundtrack for the Funimation dub of Dragon Ball Z: Cooler's Revenge in early 2002.
On August 14 that year, Dave Williams was found dead inside his tour bus. He died from an undiagnosed heart condition, now known to be cardiomyopathy. When asked if the band had any unreleased songs, according to a 2002 Blabbermouth article, drummer Mike Luce replied that "only 3-4 songs were done, including one called "Heroes," which is a tribute to dead rock musicians such as Layne Staley. I don't know if we will ever release them."

In 2003, Jason 'Gong' Jones replaced Williams as Drowning Pool's vocalist
The band released the album Desensitized in 2004. Despite the success of the album's lead single, "Step Up," the album was not nearly as successful as Sinner, and it was publicly announced on June 14, 2005 that Jones had departed from the band, due to "irreconcilable differences". The band announced that their replacement singer would be formally announced at Ozzfest in Dallas, where the band did a one-off performance on the main stage. On July 20, 2005, the website SMNNews revealed that Ryan McCombs, then former singer of SOiL, was the new vocalist. The band initially wanted McCombs to join Drowning Pool as the replacement of Dave Williams, nearly two years prior. In spring of 2006, the band announced that they had parted ways with Wind-up Records. In October 2006, a new song "No More" was announced to be released on the Saw III soundtrack, their first song (besides a re-recorded version of "Rise Up") with McCombs
. The bands recorded version of "Rise Up", was used as the theme song for WWE SmackDown from September 30, 2004 – September 26, 2008. The band signed a new deal with Eleven Seven Music and also announced a new management company, Tenth Street Entertainment.
Full Circle, self-titled album and Jasen Mareno (2007–2012) 

The band's third album, Full Circle, was released on August 7, 2007. Two songs on the album were produced by Funny Farm Records, owned by Mötley Crüe bassist Nikki Sixx and former Beautiful Creatures guitarist DJ Ashba. The remaining songs were produced by Ben Schigel at the Ohio-based Spider Studios. The band then toured with Saliva in North America and also Sick Puppies and Seether in support of the album. Later in the year, work on a fourth album was announced. On March 3, 2009, the band released a live album, Loudest Common Denominator, which featured acoustic versions of "Shame" and "37 Stitches" from Full Circle.
In July 2012, Jasen Moreno, from The Suicide Hook, was announced to be the band's new vocalist. On August 14, the 10th anniversary of Dave Williams' death, the band released a song in tribute of him, their first with Moreno titled "In Memory Of...". Two further singles were released with Moreno, "Saturday Night" in November 2012, and "One Finger and a Fist" in December 2012

Resilience, 13th anniversary of Sinner and Hellelujah  
The band released their fifth album, Resilience, on April 9, 2013. On September 10, the band announced that they would celebrate the thirteenth anniversary of Sinner with a U.S. tour starting from October 22, in which they plan to dig deep into the songs from their debut album. Drowning Pool released a reissue of their album "Sinner" called the "Unlucky 13th Anniversary Edition" in 2014.
The band signed to eOne Music in August 2015. On October 13, it was announced the band's sixth album titled Hellelujah would be released January 22 via eOne Music with producer Jason Suecof. The date was later postponed to February 5.

On November 19, the band released new single from their Hellelujah album called "By the Blood".

On May 17, 2016 the band announced that they would be taking part in the Make America Rock Again super tour on select dates throughout the summer and fall 2016. The tour featured other artists who had success throughout the 2000s, including Trapt, Saliva, Saving Abel, Crazy Town, 12 Stones and Tantric, Fuel, Puddle Of Mudd and P.O.D..

Members
Jasen Moreno - lead singer (2012-present)
C.J. Pierce - guitar player (1996-present)
Stevie Benton - bass guitar player (1996-present)
Mike Luce - drummer (1996-present)

Former members
Dave Williams: lead singer (1999−2002)
Jason Jones: lead singer (2003−2005)
Ryan McCombs: lead singer (2005-2011)
Albums
 Sinner (2001)
 Desensitized (2004)
 Full Circle (2007)
 Drowning Pool (2010)
 Resilience (2013)

References

Alternative metal bands
American heavy metal bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Dallas
Manon is a French opera in five acts by Jules Massenet, first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, on March 19, 1884, libretto by Henri Meilhac et Philippe Gile, after the Abbé Antoine-François Prévost's L'histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut. An immediate success, it has remained one of the most popular of French operas.

Principal roles and voice types 
 Manon - soprano
 Chevalier des Grieux - tenor
 Lescaut - baritone
 Comte des Grieux - bass
 Guillot de Morfontaine - tenor
 Monsieur de Brétigny - baritone

Sources 
 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Vikings Books, 1989.

1880s operas
Desensitized is the second studio album by American alternative metal band Drowning Pool. It was their first album after the death of vocalist Dave Williams as well as the first and only album to feature Jason 'Gong' Jones as vocalist. The album debuted at #17 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Drowning Pool albums
2004 albums
Achillobator is a dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous period of what is now Mongolia. It lived about 90 million years ago. 

It was probably an active predator, hunting with the large sickle-shaped claw on the second toe of each foot. It was a large dromaeosaurid: the first and only individual specimen found is estimated at being 5 meters (17 feet) long. The name comes from Achilles, a famous ancient Greek warrior of the Trojan War. It refers to the large Achilles tendon needed to use the sickle claw on the foot, which was the major weapon of dromaeosaurids. The one species is named A. giganticus because it is much larger than other dromaeosaurids.

Dromaeosauridae
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Full Circle is the third album from hard rock band Drowning Pool. It is their first release with former Soil singer Ryan McCombs, who joined the band after the departure of Jason 'Gong' Jones in 2005.  It was released on August 7, 2007. This album has more of a post-grunge sound compared to the last two releases by the band and is less heavy as well. The first single off the album, "Soldiers," is dedicated to all the men and women of the United States Army.

Drowning Pool albums
2007 albums
Sinner is the first album by nu metal band Drowning Pool. The album is the band's most popular, reaching platinum only six weeks after it came out. This was thought to be because of the song "Bodies", often known as "Let The Bodies Hit The Floor", which remains the band's most well-known song. This was the only album to have lead singer Dave Williams. While touring in support of Sinner, he died on August 14, 2002 from heart failure. The album debuted at #14 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Drowning Pool albums
Debut albums
2001 albums
Heavy metal albums
Drowning Pool is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Drowning Pool. It was released on April 27, 2010 and marks the band's first album not to feature a new singer, as Ryan McCombs remained with Drowning Pool from their 2007 release.

References

Drowning Pool albums
2010 albums
"Turn So Cold" is a single from the successful band Drowning Pool.

2010 songs
Noel Thomas David Gallagher (born 29 May 1967) is a British musician and singer-songwriter. 

Gallagher was the former lead guitarist and main songwriter for the band Oasis. He left the band in 2009 following an argument with his younger brother and Oasis' frontman Liam. 

In 2011 he released his first solo album Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds. The band's second album Chasing Yesterday was released 2 March 2015.

References

Other websites

 
 

1967 births
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Manchester
Oasis (band)
People with dyslexia
One billion to two billion years in the future, the increase in solar radiation caused by the helium build-up at the core of the Sun will result in the loss of the oceans and the cessation of continental drift. Four billion years from now, the increase in the Earth's surface temperature will cause a bad greenhouse effect. By that point, most if not all the life on the Earth will be gone. The most likely fate of the planet is being destroyed by the Sun in about 7.5 billion years, after the star has entered the red giant phase and expanded to cross the planet's orbit.

Human influence

Humans now play a top role in the biosphere, with the large amount of people in many of Earth's ecosystems. This has caused a widespread, ongoing extinction of other species known as the Holocene extinction. The Holocene extinction event is the result of habitat destruction, the large distribution of invasive species, hunting and climate change.

Solar evolution
Solar evolution

The energy generation of the Sun is based upon changing of hydrogen into helium. This occurs in the core region of the star.

When the Sun first became a main sequence star, it radiated only 70% of the current luminosity. The luminosity has increased in a nearly linear fashion to the present, increasing by 1% every 110 million years. In three billion years the Sun is expected to be 33% more luminous. The hydrogen fuel at the core will finally be limited in 4.8 billion years, when the Sun will be 67% more luminous than at present. Thereafter the Sun will continue to burn hydrogen in a shell surrounding its core, until the increase in luminosity reaches 121% of the present value. This marks the end of the Sun's main sequence lifetime, and thereafter it will be into a red giant.

Related pages
 Habitable zone
 Planetary habitability
 Risks to civilization, humans and planet Earth
 Stability of the Solar System

References

Other websites 
 

Earth
Geology
Earth sciences
Future
The American Library Association (ALA) is an organization which does not receive money. It is in the United States. It helps libraries and library education all over the world. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world. It has more than 62,000 members.
Justin Winsor, Charles Ammi Cutter, Samuel Swett Green, James L. Whitney, Melvil Dewey, Fred B. Perkins and Thomas W. Bicknell began the organization in 1876. It began in Philadelphia, but its head office is in Chicago now. Anybody can join, but most of its members are librarians. Most members live and work in the United States. Members from other countries make up about 3.5% of the members.

References

Other websites 

 
American Library Association
ALA Freedom to Read Statement 
ALA Intellectual Freedom Q&A 
ALA's "Resolution on the USA Patriot (sic) Act and Related Measures that Infringe on the Rights of Library Users" 
About Charles Ammi Cutter
1876 establishments in the United States
Educational organizations based in the United States
Libraries in the United States
Non-profit organizations of the United States
Bobby Ray Simmons Jr. (born November 15, 1988 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina) is an American rapper and record producer, known professionally B.o.B. In 2006, B.o.B was signed to Jim Jonsin's label Rebel Rock Entertainment.

Studio albums 
B.o.B has released 3 studio albums:

References

Other websites
 B.o.B's Official website 

Rappers from North Carolina
Singers from North Carolina
1988 births
African-American rappers
Living people
Pop rappers
American record producers
21st-century American musicians
The Pontiac Firebird was a car built by the Pontiac division of General Motors from 1967 to 2002 and they made four generations of it. The Firebird was succeeded by the Pontiac GTO.

Other websites
 Pontiac Firebird heritage at Pontiac.com

1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Pontiac automobiles
Craig Alexander Newmark (born December 6, 1952 in Morristown, New Jersey) is the founder of Craigslist. He currently lives in Cole Valley.

Newmark is Jewish, which he mentioned in a interview.

Newmark achieved a Bachelor of Science degree in 1975 and a Master of Science degree in 1977 while attending Case Western Reserve University.

References 

1952 births
Living people
American Jews
People from New Jersey
American bloggers
Avatar: The Last Airbender (known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in Europe) is a video game based on the animated television series of the same name for Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii, and Xbox. 

The game was a launch title for the Wii in Western territories (USA).

Gameplay

The Avatar: The Last Airbender video game allows the player to control one of four characters - Aang, Katara, Haru, or Sokka - in a single-player adventure. Each character uses his or her own fighting style. He or she can get new special powers through experience from defeating enemies. Many different items can help the player during battle (armor, chi, enchanted accessories, and healing potions). 

The console versions of the game were developed by THQ Studio Australia.

Plot

Characters

Aang
Katara
Sokka
Haru
Momo
Aang, a 12-year-old boy, is the main hero of the story. He is the present Avatar (the spirit of the planet as a human). As the Avatar, Aang must master all four elements to bring peace to the world and stop the war, which started 100 years ago. Katara, Sokka and Haru helped him to do it. Many characters from the show appear on this game such as Prince Zuko. However, Zuko had a small part in the game, only appearing in cutscenes. King Bumi also appears in the fourth level.

Story

While training in the North Pole, Aang and Katara hear reports of a waterbender, Hiryu, going missing, which they investigate. They arrive at the Water Tribe as a Fire Nation ship attacks, led by Prince Zuko. They are able to fend off the attackers, but Katara is captured during the battle. Aang and Sokka follow the ship, but are slowed by a Firebending machine.
They follow the ship to an Earth Kingdom port and they free Katara, who informs them of another prisoner named Lian the Maker, who is being forced to make machines for the Fire Nation. When they arrive at Lian’s cell, they find it empty, except for a map to an Earth Kingdom village.

They find the village under attack by machines. After fending off the machines, picking up Haru and being informed that one of his earthbending friends Yuan was kidnapped, they travel to the library of Omashu for clues to where the machines might originate from. The information from the library leads them to an uncharted island.
On the island, they find Lian, making more machines. She fears that Aang will not be able to master all four elements before Sozin’s comet arrives. Aang refused her help, seeing as how the machines were disrupting villages. Lian then voiced her contempt for him as she sends a machine to fight them to flee to the Air temple, attempting to destroy the Avatar statues. They stop Lian, but Katara, Sokka, and Haru are captured by another machine.

Aang pursues Lian and the machine to a fortress. After Aang rescues his friends, they find Zuko, also captured by a machine. Upon rescuing him, Zuko attacks the group, but he is knocked over. After that, Aang enter the Avatar State and killed Lian.

Reception

References

Other websites 
 Official Site
 Announcement article on IGN 
 THQ Press Release on Yahoo
 Wii Resource Centre: Wii: Avatar: The Last Airbender

Notes

2006 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Wii games
Windows games
Xbox games
 
THQ games
Dromornis is a genus of fossil flightless birds. It lived in Australia from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene. This means early humans never met this animal. 

Dromornis had a huge beak and jaw capable of great force. It did not have the typical beak and claws of a carnivore, and its life style is not certain. Though they looked like giant emus, the Dromornis are more closely related to geese. 

Dromornis stirtoni was three metres (10 feet) tall and weighed up to half a ton (500 kilos). It inhabited subtropical open woodland in Australia during the late Miocene. It may have been partly carnivorous. It was heavier than the  Moa and taller than Aepyornis.
D. stirtoni had a long neck and stub-like wings, so it was flightless. Its legs were powerful, but it was not a fast runner. The bird's beak was large and immensely powerful, leading early researchers to believe that it was used to shear through tough plant stalks. However, others have argued that the size of the beak suggests that the bird was a carnivore. There were forests and a permanent water supply where the Dromornis birds lived, although the climate was unpredictable.

Dromornis are part of a family of giant birds called Dromornithidae that lived from 15 million years ago until less than 30,000 years ago. Australasia had started to separate from other continents as Gondwana started to break up in the Mesozoic era. 

Australia's last connection with Antarctica broke about 40 million years ago. Since then the animals of Australasia (Australia and New Guinea) evolved slowly in almost complete isolation from the animals of other continents, except for the occasional immigrant species from Asia.
Large birds 
Elephant birds
Aepyornis
Moa
Dinornis
Terror birds
Phorusrhacos
Brontornis
Gastornis (Diatryma)

References 

Fossils
Flightless birds
Anseriformes
Helen Beatrix Potter (28 July 1866 – 22 December 1943) was an English writer, illustrator, mycologist and conservationist. She wrote several classic children's storybooks including The Tale of Peter Rabbit.

Life

Potter was born on 28 July 1866 in South Kensington, England. The family was wealthy. She spent most of her holidays in Scotland and the Lake District. There, she learned to love nature, plants and animals. She also sketched and painted.

Potter started her career making drawings for greeting cards. In 1900 she wrote and drew the pictures for the children's storybook The Tale of Peter Rabbit. It was very successful. Potter wrote more than 20 children's books during her life. She also loved painting plants and animals. She was particularly good at making scientific illustrations of fungi (mushrooms).
Because children liked her stories, Potter sold a doll in the shape of Peter Rabbit. She also used her illustrations for children's dishes and clothing. These items were also very successful and Potter earned a lot of money from them.

Potter married William Heelis in 1913. They were married until Potter died in 1943. The couple did not have any children. In 1923 Potter bought a sheep farm in the Lake District of England. There she raised Herdwick sheep. She left most of her money to the National Trust.

Potter died on 22 December 1943 in the village of Near Sawrey in England.

Gallery

References

Bibliography

Other websites 

 
 
 Immersive Books Beatrix Potter 

1866 births
1943 deaths
Beatrix Potter
British illustrators
Writers from London
Phillip Paul Lloyd (born March 3, 1981) is a South African professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he wrestled under the ring name Justin Gabriel. He is currently wrestling for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Global Force Wrestling (GFW) under the ring name PJ Black.

Lloyd was the first South African wrestler to compete in the WWE. While performing in Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), he was a one-time FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion and a one-time FCW Florida Tag Team Champion with Kris Logan. He is a former member of The Nexus and The Corre. His finishing move is the 450° splash.
Gabriel had his last televised WWE match on the January 14, 2015 episode of Main Event in a loss to Rusev. On January 24, 2015, it was reported by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter that Gabriel had quit WWE, which was a day before the 2015 Royal Rumble which he was scheduled to appear in before he was replaced in the match. The next day, WWE confirmed his release.

On May 6, 2015, Global Force Wrestling (GFW) announced that they had added PJ Black to their roster.

On August 12, Black was a part of an angle, where GFW invaded Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He would go on to defeat Lashley, Chris Mordetzky, Eric Young and Robbie E in a King of the Mountain match and win the vacant TNA King of the Mountain Championship. On August 19, Black faced off against EC3 for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

References

Other websites

GFW profile

1981 births
Living people
South African professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Cape Town
White South African people
Gastornis, formerly known as Diatryma, is an extinct genus of large flightless birds. They lived in the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs of the Cainozoic. The first remains were discovered in the mid-19th century.

In the 1870s, the famous American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope discovered another, more complete set of fossils in North America, and named them Diatryma.

The fossil remains of these birds have been found in western-central Europe (England, Belgium, France and Germany) as well as North America. Their life style is in dispute.

Description 
Gastornis parisiensis measured on average 1.75 metres (5.7 ft) tall, but large individuals grew up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall. Gastornis had a huge beak with a slightly hooked top, which possibly suggests that it was carnivorous. Gastornis had large powerful legs. It had large feet with small talons. Fossil footprints suggest it was a herbivore.

Paleobiology
Paleobiology

Distribution 
Although North American and Europe were separated by the end of the Cretaceous, there must have been a landbrige still in place somewhere. This is because the European and North American Diatrymas were so similar. Other bird and mammal genera also occur on both sides of the (present-day) North Atlantic in the Palaeocene and Eocene. This is evidence that Europe and North America were once connected by dry land in part of the early Cainozoic.
Palaeoecology 
At the time, the environment where Gastornis lived had dense forest and a moist to dry subtropical or even tropical climate. North America and Europe were still rather close. Greenland was  probably covered with lush woodland and grassland. Only narrow straits of a few 100 km at most would have blocked landbound dispersal of the Gastornis ancestors. Land in North American was connected. Their European range was an archipelago, with the Alps building up, and high sea levels in the Paleocene and Eocene. Geographically, it was roughly similar to today's Indonesia.

The majority view is that Gastornis was a predator. However, some doubt the bird was agile enough to catch fast-moving prey, and have doubts about the beak being right for carnivory. It may be that Gastornis was an ambush hunter, or used pack hunting techniques to pursue or ambush prey. If Gastornis was a predator, it would need some way of hunting prey through the dense forest.
Alternatively, they may have been mainly scavengers, omnivores or even herbivores. The large beak of Gastornis would have been suited for crushing seeds and tearing off vegetation. It seems rather big for a purely vegetarian diet. Regardless of what these birds ate, the beak may have been used also for social display – its presence in all known fossils argues against a sexual display role. These contradicting hypotheses, which can't be separated by the evidence, make the paleobiology of Gastornis unclear.

Similar gigantic birds of the Cenozoic were the South American terror birds (phorusrhacids) and the Australian mihirungs (Dromornis). The former were certainly carnivorous, and the latter are suspected of being predators, too. On the other hand, ratites, the flightless giant birds of our time, feed on plants, small vertebrates, and invertebrates.
Gastornis were among the largest, if not the largest birds alive during the Paleogene. They had few natural enemies or serious competitors. If these huge birds were active hunters, they must have been important apex predators which dominated the forest ecosystems of North America and Europe until the middle Eocene. 

The mid-Eocene saw the rise of large creodont and mesonychid predators in Eurasia and North America. The appearance of these new predators coincides with the decline of Gastornis and its relatives. This was possibly due to an increased tendency of mammalian predators to hunt together in packs (especially in the hyaena-like creodonts). We know of no bird which weighed more than half a metric ton. Perhaps they could not evolve to larger sizes. If so, they could not compete by sheer bulk as some mammals can do.

Trace fossils
In late Paleocene deposits of Spain and early Eocene deposits of France, shell fragments of huge eggs have turned up in Provence. These are presumably from Gastornis.
Some of these fragments were complete enough to reconstruct a size of 24 by 10 cm (about 9.5 by 4 inches) with shells 2.3–2.5 mm (0.09–0.1 in) thick. This is roughly half again as large as an ostrich egg, and very different in shape from the more rounded ratite eggs.

Large birds 
Cassowary
Elephant birds
Aepyornis
Moa 
Dinornis 
Terror birds 
Phorusrhacos
Brontornis
Dromornis

References 

Fossils
Flightless birds
Lead(II) oxide, also known as plumbous oxide and litharge, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is PbO. It has lead in the +2 oxidation state. It also contains oxide ions.

Properties
It is a yellow or red solid. When it is heated with charcoal it makes liquid lead metal. It is a crystalline solid. It is highly toxic since it has lead in it. It reacts with acids to make other lead(II) salts and bases to make plumbites.

Preparation
It can be made by heating lead strongly in air. It can be also made by heating lead carbonate or lead nitrate.

Uses
It is made when lead is taken from its ores. The lead sulfide in galena is changed to lead(II) oxide, which is heated with charcoal to make liquid lead. It is used to make lead glass. It used to be used in lead paint.

Related pages
Lead(II) chloride
Lead(IV) oxide
Lead(II,IV) oxide

Lead compounds
Oxides
Yoshihiro Tajiri (born September 29, 1970 in Tamana, Kumamoto, Japan) is a Japanese professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with WWF/E and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). Tajiri is currently wrestling on the independent circuit under SMASH.

Championships
Tajiri has won many belts with different wrestling promotions:
Big Japan Pro Wrestling
BJW Junior Heavyweight Championship - (one time)
BJW Tag Team Championship - (two times) with Ryuji Yamakaw
Combat Zone Wrestling
CZW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
CMLL World Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mikey Whipwreck
ECW World Television Championship (one time)
Fight Club Finland
FCF Finnish Heavyweight Championship (one time)
International Wrestling Association
IWA Hardcore Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #23 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 2002
Tokyo Sports Grand Prix
Special Award (2001)
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
World Tag Team Championship (one time) with William Regal
WCW Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
WCW United States Championship (one time)
WWE Tag Team Championship (one time) with Eddie Guerrero
WWF/E Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
Other websites
Tajiri's Official website 
Tajiri's alumni profile at WWE.com

1970 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
Japanese professional wrestlers
People from Kumamoto Prefecture
Lead(II,IV) oxide, also known as lead tetroxide, minium, red lead, or triplumbic tetroxide, is a chemical compound. It contains some lead atoms in the +2 oxidation state and some in the +4 oxidation state. It is used in batteries, paints, and glass. It dissolves in acids. It is made by heating lead(II) oxide in air. It is toxic because it contains lead.

Its formula is Pb3O4. It is commonly said "Sandur".

Related pages
Lead(IV) oxide
Lead(II) oxide
Lead oxide

Lead compounds
Oxides
Flightless birds are birds which cannot fly. They rely on their ability to run or swim, and have evolved from their flying ancestors. There are about 60 species living today, the best known being the ostrich, emu, cassowary, rhea, kiwi, and penguin. Flightless birds have smaller wing bones and a greatly reduced or absent keel on their breastbone.  The keel anchors muscles needed for wing movement. Flightless birds also have more feathers than flying birds.

New Zealand has more species of flightless birds (such as the kiwis, several species of penguins, and the takahe) than any other country. One reason is that until the arrival of humans a thousand years ago, there were no large land predators in New Zealand. The main predators of flightless birds were large eagles.

Some flightless varieties of island birds are closely related to flying varieties. This suggests that the apparatus of flight has a significant biological cost. As soon as birds do not need to fly, there is selection against flight.