Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The President of Paraguay () is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive branch of the Government of Paraguay, both head of state and head of government.

The President is limited to a single five-year term. it was ultimately rejected.

The Presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The Presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción.

Once Presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of Senator for life.

The current President of Paraguay is Santiago Peña, since 15 August 2023. He was elected in 2023.

List of heads of state of Paraguay (1811–present)

Non-presidential heads of state (1811–1844)

Presidents (1844–present)

Living former presidents
There are seven living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Alfredo Stroessner (1963–1989), on 16 August 2006.

Notes

References
Raúl Alberto Cubas Grau (born August 23, 1943 in Asunción) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as the President of Paraguay from 1998 until 1999.

References

Other websites
Cecila Cubas body found – MSNBC
 Biography by CIDOB

1943 births
Living people
Presidents of Paraguay
Electrical engineers
People from Asunción
Luis Ángel González Macchi (born December 13, 1947) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003.

On December 4, 2006, González Macchi was sentenced to eight years in prison for fraud and embezzlement. The sentence was appealed.

References

Other websites
 Biography by CIDOB

1947 births
Living people
People from Asunción
Presidents of Paraguay
Lawyers
Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos (born 11 October 1956) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 2003 to 2008.

Nicanor Duarte announced his resignation as president, in order to assume a position as Senator on 1 July 2008. He presented his resignation on 23 June 2008 to the President of the Congress of Paraguay, Senator Miguel Abdón Saguier.

References

Other websites
 Biography by CIDOB

1956 births
Living people
Lawyers
Presidents of Paraguay
Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. He was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005.

In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process, which some people believed it was a coup d'état. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 general elections.

In August 2010, Lugo was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He continued his duties as president of Paraguay while undergoing treatment.

Related pages
List of scientists from South America

References
References

Other websites
 Fernando Lugo profile at CatholicHierarchy website
 27 February 2007 New York Times article on Lugo's possible candidacy
 22 February 2007 article on Lugo from Worldpress.org
 30 December 2006 Daily (Maybe) blog on background to Lugo's presidential bid
 Lugo Wins Election at AP
 18 April 2008 article on Lugo and Paraguay elections from The Christian Science Monitor
 "Rise of the Red Bishop", The Guardian Weekly, 14 August 2008
Biography by CIDOB

1951 births
Living people
Roman Catholic bishops
Presidents of Paraguay
Luis Federico Franco Gómez (born 24 July 1962) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from June 2012 until August 2013. He is a member of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA). He was elected as Vice President of Paraguay in the 2008 presidential election as the running mate of Fernando Lugo. He took office in August 2008.

Following Lugo's impeachment by the Senate on 22 June 2012, he replaced Lugo as President to complete the presidential mandate until 15 August 2013.

References

1962 births
Living people
Vice presidents
Surgeons
People from Asunción
Presidents of Paraguay
The President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay () is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. The President of the Republic is the Commander in Chief of the Armed forces. The President is elected direct popular election for a term of five years.  He may be reelected any number of times, but is ineligible for immediate reelection. 

Since 1990, the President's term has begun and ended on March 1. The current President is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou.

Living former presidents
There are three living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010, 2015–2020), on 6 December 2020.

Other websites
Politics Data Bank at the Social Sciences School – Universidad de la República (Uruguay)
Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG, (, known as Cuqui (born July 13, 1941) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.

In August 1978 Lacalle was sent three bottles of wine tainted with poison  The case remains unsolved.

His son is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, the 42nd President.

References

1941 births
Living people
Politicians from Montevideo
Presidents of Uruguay
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Aquatic locomotion is animals and other organisms moving through water. The surface of the world is mostly covered with water, and all major animal phyla started life in the water.

The earliest fossils we have are those of stromatolites, which are mat-like structures formed by photosynthetic bacteria in the sea. Even animals which evolved on land have often returned to the water, even though they usually continue to breath air. There are aquatic insects, reptiles, mammals and birds.

We don't quite know when the first animals and plants evolved, but some guesstimates have been made. Acritarchs are present from about 3200 to 1400 million years ago to the present. That's a wide time-range which means we cannot be sure when they evolved. They seem to have been grazed (eaten) by some early forms of life. Probably some kind of protist developed using existing life forms as food.
Locomotion is needed to find the right place in the seas, and to eat and avoid being eaten. All advanced forms of life, and many primitive forms of life, use locomotion.

Propulsion systems

Microorganisms 
The simplest propulsive systems evolved in microorganisms. Cilia and flagella are used.

Swimming has evolved a number of times in more complex life-forms. Examples include arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Ciliates have hundreds or thousands of small flagella called cilia to move through the water. Certain organisms such as bacteria and animal sperm have a flagellum to move in liquid environments.

Invertebrates 
All aquatic invertebrates swim at some stage in their lives, and many swim for their entire life. All jellyfish swim by pulsing their cup-shaped bodies. Crustaceans swim with their legs. Some molluscs swim all their lives, some only as larvae.

Squid and octopods swim quite vigorously by 'jet propulsion'. They squirt water out to move.
There are a very large number of insects which are aquatic as larvae or adults. Almost all use their legs for swimming. They are air-breathing, and carry air with them as they swim. The air they get from the surface of the water, and take it down with them. Usually, the air is trapped among dense hairs on their surfaces. 13 orders of insects have aquatic stages, including all mayflies and dragonflies, and many beetles, bugs, and flies.

Vertebrates 
[to come]

References 

Animal locomotion
Biological oceanography
The CNI's jurisdiction covers all states of the Republic of India with the exception of the four states in the south (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and has approximately 1,250,000 members (0.1% of India's population) in 3,000 pastorates.

References 

Protestant denominations
Religion in India
Organizations based in India
Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba ( al-Ḥabīb Būrqībah; 3 August 1903 – 6 April 2000) was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman.

Bourguiba served as the country's leader from independence in 1956 to 1987. He first served as the second Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia before proclaiming the Tunisian Republic in 1957 and thus becoming the first President of Tunisia.

Before to that, he played a major role in obtaining independence from France, ending the 75 years old protectorate and earning the title of "Supreme Combatant".

References

1903 births
2000 deaths
Presidents of Tunisia
Prime Ministers of Tunisia
Speakers of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People
Former dictators
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Bad Education is a 2004 Spanish drama movie. The movie was written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar.

It was released on 19 March 2004 in Spain and on 10 September 2004 in Mexico. It was also shown at many international film festivals, such as Cannes, New York City, Toronto and Moscow.

Plot
In 1980 Madrid, young movie director Enrique Goded is looking for his next project. He gets the unexpected visit of an actor looking for work. The actor says he's Enrique's boarding school friend and first love, Ignacio Rodriguez. Ignacio, who is now using the name Ángel Andrade, has brought with him a short story titled The Visit. Ignacio hopes Enrique would be interested in making a movie out of it, and give him the starring role.

The Visit is set in 1977. It tells of a drag artist and transgender woman named Zahara. Her birth name is Ignacio. Zahara plans to rob a drunk admirer. But she then discovers the man is her lover Enrique.
Next, she visits her old school and meets Father Manolo. Manolo abused her when she was a boy. She asks for one million pesetas (Spanish currency) for halting publication of her story The Visit. The story is set around a boarding school for boys in 1964. At the school, Ignacio, a young boy with a beautiful singing voice, is an object of lust from Father Manolo, the school principal and literature teacher.

Enrique wants to adapt Ignacio’s story into a movie. But Ángel's condition is that he play the part of Zahara, the transgender lead. However, Enrique is skeptical. He feels the Ignacio he loved and the Ignacio of today are totally different people. He (Enrique) drives to Galicia. That's when he learns from Ignacio's mother that the real Ignacio has been dead for four years. He also learns that the man who came to his office is Ignacio's younger brother Juan.
In the book, it is said that Enrique releases his movie later and has great success. Despite the grief and guilt of his brother, Juan also has success.

Cast
 Gael García Bernal as Juan / Ángel Andrade / Zahara. García was required to display a convincing Castilian Spanish accent before being cast.
 Fele Martínez as Enrique Goded
 Raúl García Forneiro as young Enrique
 Daniel Giménez Cacho as Father Manolo
 Javier Cámara as Paca/Paquito
 Petra Martínez as Mother
 Leonor Watling as Monica, wardrobe girl
 Lluís Homar as Sr. Manuel Berenguer
 Francisco Boira as Ignacio
 Nacho Pérez as young Ignacio
 Juan Fernández as Martín
 Alberto Ferreiro as Enrique Serrano

Release
Bad Education was given an NC-17 rating for "a scene of explicit sexual content". A special edition R-rated version was released later.

A New York Times reporter said that Gael García Bernal had a bad time with the movie director over the movie's content. Bernal defiantly wrote in response nothing could be further from the truth.
The movie opened at the 57th Cannes Film Festival. It was the first Spanish movie to do this.

Box office
The movie opened in theaters in the United States on November 19, 2004. It made USD $147,370 in its opening weekend. At the end of its theatrical run (106 theaters), it had taken in over $5.2 million in the U.S. and Canada. It also took in over $35 million overseas. The total was over $40 million. The movie's budget was near $5 million.

Critical reception
The movie received very good reviews by movie critics. Rotten Tomatoes rates Bad Education at 88%. On the Metacritic, the movie is rated at 88 out of 100, meaning "universal acclaim".

References

2004 drama movies
2000s LGBT movies
Spanish drama movies
Spanish LGBT movies
NC-17 rated movies
Movies directed by Pedro Almodóvar
Movies about pedophilia
Movies about child sexual abuse
Movies set in Madrid
The Toronto International Film Festival (or TIFF) is the largest movie festival of Canada and a major international movie festival. It attracts over 480,000 people annually. It was founded in 1976 and is held in Toronto.

In 2007, the Time magazine noted that TIFF had "grown from its place as the most influential fall film festival to the most influential film festival, period.

The festival's People's Choice Award has been an indicator of success in the awards season. Past movies include Academy Award winners, such as Slumdog Millionaire, The King's Speech, La La Land, 12 Years a Slave and Silver Linings Playbook.

Notable movie premieres
Movies such as American Beauty, Ray and Black Swan have premiered at the TIFF.

References

Movie festivals
Toronto
Frederick Shelton Hubbell (born April 25, 1951) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Iowa in the 2018 Governors' election.

Before running for office, Hubbell was the chairman of the Younkers department stores in the 1980s. He was also President of Equitable of Iowa.

On July 17, 2017, Hubbell declared his candidacy for the Governor of Iowa. On November 14, 2017, the Iowa Starting Line released a poll showing Fred Hubbell leading the Democratic primary.

Hubbell got 55% of the vote in the Democratic primary to become the party's nominee for Governor of Iowa. However, he lost the general election to Kim Reynolds.

Fred Hubbell was born in Des Moines, Iowa.

References

Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Businesspeople from Iowa
1951 births
Living people
The Late May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho was a weather event in the United States from May 30-31, 1998. It affected the northern half of the country and southern Ontario, from Montana to the Mid-Atlantic states.

Weather events

Spencer, South Dakota tornado 
The first reports of severe weather were from Montana around 12:30 p.m. MDT. The tornado struck Spencer, South Dakota around 8:37 p.m. CDT. The Spencer tornado was an F4. Six people were killed in this tornado.

Derecho event (May 30-31) 

The same storm that produced the Spencer, South Dakota tornado turned into a derecho affecting Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and New York. The derecho killed another 6 people.

New York and Pennyslvania tornadoes (May 31) 
On May 31, tornadoes broke out across Pennyslvania and New York, this being the most destructive to sweep across the two states since the 1985 United States-Canada tornado outbreak.

1998 in the United States
1998
Derechos
1998 in Canada
1990s in weather
Carmen Campagne  (September 8, 1959 – July 4, 2018) was a Canadian singer and children's entertainer. She, along with Connie Kaldor, received a Juno Award at the 1989 in the category Best Children's Album for Lullaby Berceuse. She was born in Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan.

In 2013, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions as a singer, songwriter and composer enhancing music for young children and using music in French-language education".

Campagne died of pancreatic cancer at age 58 on July 4, 2018, in Willow Bunch.

References

1959 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Canada
Canadian singers
Musicians from Saskatchewan
Ernst Wolfgang Hamburger  (8 June 1933 — 4 July 2018) was a German-born Brazilian physicist. Hamburger was known for his activities regarding public understanding of science. He was the director of Estação Ciência, an interactive science museum in São Paulo. He won the UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science, the José Reis Award for the Divulgation of Science, the medal of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit, and was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Hamburger was born in Berlin and died on 4 July 2018, in São Paulo, of lymphoma at the age of 85.

References

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Brazilian scientists
German physicists
Scientists from Berlin
Adamu Ciroma (20 November 1934 – 5 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician.

Ciroma served as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. He was born in Potiskum, Yobe State. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party.

Ciroma was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). He served as Minister of Finance in the government of Olusegun Obasanjo from 1999 to 2003. His wife Maryam Ciroma holds the position of PDP National Women leader in Nigeria.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
Nigerian bankers
Nigerian politicians
People from Yobe State
Neil McDermott (born 15 December 1980) is an English stage and television actor. He is best known for portraying Ryan Malloy in the BBC television soap opera, EastEnders.

McDermott appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode "The Next Doctor", as well as Casualty and Rosemary and Thyme, amongst others, the feature movies Goal! and Blooded, and various stage productions including The Sound of Music in the West End. He trained at the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts.

References

Other websites 
 

1980 births
English stage actors
English television actors
Entertainers from Merseyside
Living people
Charles Bass Reed (September 29, 1941 – December 6, 2016) was an American educator. He served as Chancellor of the State University System of Florida from 1985 to 1998 and chancellor of the California State University (CSU) system from 1998 to 2012.

Reed died on December 6, 2016 at his home in Tallahassee, Florida at age 75.

References 

1941 births
2016 deaths
Educators from Pennsylvania
People from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
New Glarus is a village in Green County, Wisconsin, United States. It had a population of 2,172 according to the 2010 census. Since 2000, it had a population growth of 2.9 percent.

New Glarus is at the intersection of Wisconsin Highways 69 and 39.

The village, and the town that surrounds it, were named after the canton of Glarus in eastern Switzerland. The community was founded in 1845 by immigrants from that canton and was incorporated in 1901.

References 

1840s establishments in Wisconsin Territory
1845 establishments in the United States
Villages in Wisconsin
Green County, Wisconsin
Farrah Lynn Abraham (born May 31, 1991) is an American reality television personality and pornography actress. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Council Bluffs, Iowa and Austin, Texas.

Abraham is known for starring in 16 and Pregnant in 2009, which documented the pregnancies and first months of motherhood for several young women. Later that year she was cast in the spin-off series Teen Mom, and appeared in each of its four seasons until its conclusion in 2012.

In 2012, she wrote her first memoir My Teenage Dream Ended. The book made it onto The New York Times Best Seller List.

Abraham began starring in sex tapes and pornography videos since 2014.

References

Other websites
1991 births
Living people
American pornographic actors
American autobiographers
Writers from Omaha, Nebraska
Writers from Iowa
Writers from Austin, Texas
Actors from Omaha, Nebraska
Actors from Iowa
Actors from Austin, Texas
singers from Austin, Texas
Singers from Omaha, Nebraska
Singers from Iowa
American television presenters
Erotic dancers
Participants in American reality television series
People from Sicily
Caitlin McHugh (born May 13, 1986) is an American actress, writer and model. She is known for her roles in I Am Legend and in the TV series The Vampire Diaries.

McHugh is signed with Wilhelmina Models.  In 2016, she appeared in television commercials for Colgate toothpaste.

On October 23, 2017, McHugh announced her engagement to actor John Stamos after a year of dating. Stamos and McHugh married in February 2018.

References

Other websites

1984 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Models from California
Actors from California
Writers from California
Rudolf Kirchschläger (; 20 March 1915 – 30 March 2000) was an Austrian diplomat, politician and judge. From 1974 to 1986 he was the 8th President of Austria.

Kirchschläger died on 30 March 2000 near Vienna, aged 85.

References 

1915 births
2000 deaths
Presidents of Austria
Ambassadors of Austria
Judges
Austrian Roman Catholics
People from Upper Austria
Politicians from Vienna
Bulle (, ) is a municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. In January 2006 Bulle incorporated the formerly independent municipality of La Tour-de-Trême.

References

Other websites 
 
 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Gruyère
Cities in Switzerland
Mehrsa Baradaran (born April 3, 1978) is an Iranian-American law professor. She was born in Orumieh, Iran. She works in banking law at the University of Georgia. Her book How the Other Half Banks has received national and international media coverage.

In 2017, Baradaran publicly criticized President Donald Trump and his executive order that allowed an immigration ban.

References

1978 births
Living people
Iranian writers
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Academics from Georgia (U.S. state)
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Novato ( ) is a city in northern Marin County, in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, in the U.S. state of California.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,225. It officially became a city on January 20th, 1960.

Novato is about  northwest of San Rafael and about  north of San Francisco on U.S. 101.

History 
The first people to live in the area were the Coast Miwok, who set up several villages in the area. The location of one of them, Olompali, is now a State Historic Park. In the early 1800s, the Mexican government gave the land in the form of grants to various people. The territory became part of the United States, along with the rest of California in 1848. The town stayed rather small until the late 1900s, when the population boomed due to the vast amount of people settling in the area.

References

Other websites 

 Official website
 A Century of Gentle Seasons, The History of Novato
1960 establishments in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Mill Valley is a city of Marin County in the state of California, United States.

It is about  north of San Francisco by way of the Golden Gate Bridge. The population was 14,231 at the 2020 census.

Actress and comedian, Eve Arden was born there in 1908.

References

1900s establishments in California
1900 establishments in the United States
Cities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
EA Vancouver (formerly known as EA Canada and also known as EA Burnaby) is a video game developer in Burnaby, British Columbia.

Studio is in Burnaby near Vancouver. In the complex there are several buildings where there are a theater, cafes, restaurants and a full-size football pitch. There is also a Motion Capture studio.

History 
The studio was founded in 1982 as Distinctive Software Inc. by Don Mattrick and Jeff Sember. In the late 1980s, Sember sold his shares to Mattrick. In 1991, it was bought by Electronic Arts and changed its name to EA Canada. A year later, 80 people worked for the studio, in 2000 it was already 660, in 2010 it employed 1,300 employees in British Columbia and 2,400 throughout the country.

In 2008, the decommissioned EA Black Box was added to EA Canada, which despite the merger still retained its name.

References

1983 establishments in Canada
Video game companies of Canada
Companies based in British Columbia
, born , was a Japanese terrorist. He was the founder of the Japanese doomsday cult group Aum Shinrikyo. Asahara was convicted for being the mastermind behind the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack and several other crimes, for which he was sentenced to death in 2004.

In June 2012, his execution was postponed due to further arrests of Aum Shinrikyo members. He was executed by hanging on July 6, 2018.

References

Other websites
Aleph : the organization's official website, with an English section
A Japan Times article  about two documentary films on Aleph.
 BBC link & photos
IMDB: Documentary films A (1998) and A2 (2001) by Tatsuya Mori

1955 births
2018 deaths
Japanese murderers
Terrorists
People executed by hanging
Executed people
The Tokyo subway sarin attack ( was an act of domestic terrorism on 20 March 1995, in Tokyo, Japan, by members of the cult movement Aum Shinrikyo. 13 people were killed. 

The group had already carried out several assassinations and terrorist attacks using sarin, including the Matsumoto sarin attack nine months earlier. They had also produced several other nerve agents, including VX. The cult had attempted to produce botulinum toxin and had perpetrated several failed acts of bioterrorism.

In the raid following the attack, police arrested many senior members of the cult. Police activity continued throughout the summer, eventually arresting over 200 members, including Asahara himself. Thirteen of the senior Aum management have been sentenced to death, with many others given prison sentences up to life. Leader Shoko Asahara was executed in July 2018.
Executions 
On July 6, 2018, Asahara and six other Aum Shinrikyo members were executed by hanging. Japan's Justice Minister Yōko Kamikawa stated that the crimes "plunged people, not only in Japan but in other countries as well, into deadly fear and shook society to its core". Amnesty International criticized the use of the death penalty. While executions are rare in Japan, they have public support according to surveys. There were 13 members on death row at the time:
Aum Shinrikyo members executed on 6 July 2018:
 Shoko Asahara, leader of Aum Shinrikyo
 Yoshihiro Inoue, Aum's "head of intelligence" and chief coordinator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Tomomitsu Niimi, the getaway driver for Ikuo Hayashi, one of the perpetrators of the Tokyo subway attack
 Tomomasa Nakagawa, a perpetrator of the Sakamoto family murder
 Kiyohide Hayakawa, Aum's "construction minister", convicted of strangling a young cult member in 1989 suspected of dissidence
 Seiichi Endo, the "head scientist" of Aum Shinrikyo
 Masami Tsuchiya, Aum Shinrikyo's chief chemist and director of the sarin gas manufacturing
The six remaining Aum Shinrikyo members were executed on 26 July 2018.
 Yasuo Hayashi, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Kenichi Hirose, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Toru Toyoda, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Masato Yokoyama, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Kazuaki Okazaki, a perpetrator of the Sakamoto family murder
 Satoro Hashimoto, a perpetrator of the Sakamoto family murder

References

Other websites
Aum Shinrikyo A history of Aum and list of Aum-related links
The Aum Supreme Truth Terrorist Organization – The Crime library Crime Library article about Aum
I got some pictures of sarin scattered on the metro floor Several pictures taken by One of the passengers on the scene (in Japanese)
"Homebrew chemical terror bombs, hype or horror?," The Register

1995 disasters in Asia
1990s in Japan
20th century in Tokyo

March 1995 events
Mass murder in Asia
Mass murder in the 1990s
Murder in 1995
Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 1990s
This is a list of political parties in Pakistan.

Awami National Party
Balochistan National Party
Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
Jamiat Ulema-E-Islam
Multahida Qaumi Movement
National Party
Pakistan Muslim League (N) 
Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Pakistan Peoples Party (sherpao) Pakistan

Pakistan
Jean-Louis Pierre Tauran (; 5 April 1943 – 5 July 2018) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. At his death he had been president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue since 2007. 

He was made a cardinal in 2003 and was the Cardinal Protodeacon from 2011 to 2014. He was the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church since 20 December 2014 until his death.

Tauran died on 5 July 2018 from complications of Parkinson's disease in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
Catholic-Hierarchy
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Catholic-pages.com 
Al Jazeera interview 

1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Connecticut
French cardinals
The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a common molecule found in cytoplasm. It is a ribonucleoprotein (a protein-RNA complex). It recognizes and targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.

When the SRP-ribosome complex binds to a cell membrane receptor, SRP releases the ribosome and drifts away. The ribosome resumes protein synthesis, but now the protein is moving through the SRP-receptor transmembrane pore. So, SRP directs the movement of proteins within the cell. It binds with a transmembrane pore. This allows the protein to cross the membrane to where it is needed. In eukaryotes, the target is the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

The SRP is 'universally conserved'. That means it is so important that all living things have it in their cells. Despite this, the actual composition of the SRP varies greatly between organisms.

References 

Cell biology
General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series is a book of the sayings of Xi Jinping, the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, published in 2014 and 2016. The book is a collection of quotations taken from Xi Jinping's speeches. The book was written by Party's Publicity Department and published by official People's Publishing House and Study Publishing House. Party's Organization Department ordered to communist staffs and university students must study this book and learn General Secretary's talking spirit.

Related pages
 The Little Red Book

Reference 

Chinese literature
Political books
Xi Jinping
2014 books
Counterintelligence is an activity to protect a state against spies and other activities of a foreign intelligence service.

It includes "protecting an agency's intelligence program against an opposition's intelligence service". It refers to information gathered and steps taken to counter espionage. Other intelligence activities are taken to prevent sabotage, or assassinations by foreign powers, organizations or persons. Activities are taken against international terrorist groups and personnel. Work is done on physical, document or communications security programs.

Often counterintelligence at home is done by a different department from gathering intelligence abroad. For example, in the United Kingdom, there is a distinction between the Security Service (MI5) and the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Arrests and interrogation is done by Special Branch. Gathering intelligence abroad is done by MI6, the Secret Intelligence Service.
Russia may have been the first country to set up an official counterintelligence organisation: the Okhrana was set up in 1880. Its title 'Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order'. sounds very modern. There was an even earlier Russian security department called the 'Department on Protecting the Order and Public Peace'. It was founded in 1866. It would be fair to say that these Russian organisations were not directed towards foreign intelligence services, but against internal threats to public order. They were part of the MVD (Ministry of the Interior).

References 

Security
Espionage
A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of the features and capabilities of a large computer but is smaller in physical size.

A minicomputer fills the space between the mainframe and microcomputer, and is smaller than the former but larger than the latter. It also has a computer terminal to operate the computer.

Minicomputers are mainly used as small or mid-range servers operating business and scientific applications. However, the use of the term minicomputer has diminished and has merged with servers.

A minicomputer may also be called a mid-range computer.

References

Computers
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a wartime intelligence agency of the United States during World War II. It was the predecessor of the modern Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

References 

Espionage
Karl Schlechta (28 January 1922 – 5 September 2016) was an Austrian football player and coach.

He played for Austria Wien, Sturm Graz and Rapid Wien.

Schlechta died on 5 September 2016 at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
Austria Archiv 
Sturm Archiv 
Rapid Archiv 

1922 births
2016 deaths
Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
FK Austria Wien managers
LASK managers
FC Red Bull Salzburg managers
SK Sturm Graz managers
SK Rapid Wien managers
Hilmar Otto Thate (17 April 1931 – 14 September 2016) was a German actor. He appeared in 40 movies and television shows between 1955 and 2016. Thate was born in Dölau, Saalkreis, Germany.

He was known for his role as Robert Krohn in the 1982 movie Veronika Voss.

Thate died on 14 September 2016 in Berlin at the age of 85.

References

Other websites 
 

1931 births
2016 deaths
German movie actors
German television actors
People from Saxony-Anhalt
Julius Malema is a South African Politician who serves as Leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF).

References 

1981 births
Living people
South African politicians
Gunnar Ernst Algot Sandgren (27 June 1929 – 4 November 2016) was a Swedish novelist and playwright. He made his literary debut in 1960, with the novel Förklaringsberget. He later wrote a series of historical novels. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1981.

Sandgren died on 4 November 2016 at the age of 87.

References 

1929 births
2016 deaths
Swedish playwrights
Swedish novelists
Larkspur is a city in Marin County in the state of California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 13,064.

It is about  south of San Rafael.

References

1887 establishments in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in California
Belvedere is a small city in Marin County in the state of California, United States. It has no shops or restaurants. The population was 2,126 at the 2020 census.

It is about  northeast of Sausalito.

References

1890s establishments in California
1896 establishments in the United States
Cities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sausalito is a city in Marin County, California. The population was 7,269 as of the 2020 census.

Sausalito is about  south-southeast of San Rafael, 4 miles (7 km) north of San Francisco.

References 

1893 establishments in California
Cities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Corte Madera (; formerly Adams) is an incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 10,222 at the 2020 census.

Corte Madera is about  south of San Rafael.

In Spanish, Corte Madera means "chopped wood". The area was famous for producing lumber out of redwood trees which went into the construction of the city of San Francisco.

References

Other websites 

 Official City of Corte Madera website 
 Corte Madera Library

1878 establishments in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Towns in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Fairfax is an incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 7,605 at the 2020 census.

Fairfax is about  west-northwest of San Rafael.

It consists mostly of hills and valleys.

References

1930s establishments in California
1931 establishments in the United States
Towns in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
San Anselmo is an incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 12,830 at the 2020 census.

San Anselmo is about  west of San Rafael, and about  north of San Francisco. The town is bordered by San Rafael to the east, Fairfax to the west, and Ross to the south. Mount Tamalpais dominates the view to the south.

References

1900s establishments in California
1907 establishments in the United States
Towns in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Strawberry is a census-designated place (CDP) and an unincorporated district of Marin County, California, United States. There were 5,447 people living in Strawberry at the 2020 census.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
François Budet (3 October 1940 – 5 July 2018) was a French singer-songwriter, novelist and poet. He was known for his songs "Loguivy-de-la-mer", "Chante : Loguivy de la mer" and "Calédonie". He was born in Plaine-Haute, Côtes-d'Armor.

Budet died on 5 July 2018 in Plaine-Haute, Côtes-d'Armor from a stroke, aged 78.

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
French singers
French songwriters
French novelists
French poets
Amos Cardarelli (6 March 1930 – 1 July 2018) was an Italian professional footballer. He played as a defender. Cardarelli was born in Monterotondo, Italy. He played for Roma (1950–1957), Udinese (1957–1958), Internazionale (1958–1960), Lecco (1960–1962) and for Tevere Roma (1962–1963).

Cardarelli died on 1 July 2018 in Rome at the age of 86.

References

1930 births
2018 deaths
Footballers from Lazio
El Dorado ( ) is city and county seat of Butler County, Kansas, United States.  It is along the Walnut River in central Butler County in south-central Kansas.  As of the 2010 census, the city population was 13,021.

References

Cities in Butler County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Lawrence Irving Wilde (born Yuri Boguinia, April 5, 1991), is a composer. He studied music at the Juilliard School and Princeton University. He has worked with ensembles such as the Kronos  Quartet, Eighth Blackbird, JACK Quartet, ÆON Music Ensemble ,  Sō Percussion, Tesla Quartet, Aspen Music Festival Orchestra, Moscow String Quartet , Ensemble Mise-En, Juilliard Orchestra and others. In 2013 Wilde became "one of the youngest composers ever commissioned by Kronos".

Education 
Wilde completed his undergraduate studies at the Juilliard School where he worked with  Samuel Adler and Christopher Rouse. Wilde went on to do a PhD at Princeton University where he worked with Steven Mackey, Dmitri Tymoczko and Dan Trueman. In 2015 Wilde was named a Bang on a Can Summer Festival Fellow and worked with composers David Lang, Julia Wolfe and Michael Gordon at MASS MOCA.

References 

1991 births
21st-century American composers
21st-century American singers
Living people
A gas turbine locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a gas turbine. Several types of gas turbine locomotive have been developed.  Some have had mechanical transmission.  Others have had electric transmission.

Locomotives
Newton-le-Willows is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, Merseyside, England. It was historically part of Lancashire. It is midway  between Liverpool and Manchester, about 15 miles (24 km) from each. It is  east of St Helens,  north of Warrington and  south of Wigan. The population at the 2011 census was 22,114.

References

Towns in Merseyside
The Vulcan Foundry was a British locomotive builder sited at Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire. It opened in 1832 as Charles Tayleur and Company  to produce girders for bridges, switches, crossings and other ironwork after the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. In 1832, Robert Stephenson (son of George Stephenson) became a partner.  The company became The Vulcan Foundry Company in 1847 and acquired limited liability in 1864. From the beginning of 1898, the name changed to The Vulcan Foundry Limited, dropping the word 'company'. In 1957, the business became part of the English Electric group. 

Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
Locomotive manufacturers
British rail vehicles manufacturers
Cepheus (Ancient Greek: Κηφεύς Kepheús) may refer to:

In Greek mythology
 Cepheus, King of Aethiopia,  in Greek mythology
 Cepheus, King of Tegea, the king of Tegea, Arcadia in Greek mythology

In astronomy
 Cepheus (constellation), one of the 88 modern constellations
 Cepheus (crater), a lunar impact crater

In Computing
 Cepheus (poker bot)

In modern fiction
 Cepheus Daidalos, a fictional character in the manga and anime, Saint Seiya
 Cepheus, the FM king in Mega Man Star Force
 In the Galaxy Railways, one of the squads is named the Cepheus Platoon.

Other uses
 USS Cepheus (AKA-18), an Andromeda class attack cargo ship
The Reynolds Building is a 21-floor apartment building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. It was originally built in 1929 as an office building for the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. The much larger Empire State Building in New York City is based on the design of the Reynolds Building.

Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Art Deco buildings
KY Cygni is a red star in the Cygnus constellation. It is one of the largest stars known and with a radius about . If it was placed at the center of the Solar System, it would extend past the orbit of Jupiter (or Saturn). It is also one of the most luminous stars, with about 300,000 or more times the Sun's luminosity. It is about 5,000 light-years away.

References

Red giants
Variable stars
Stars
{{Infobox person
|birth_date=
|birth_place=Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
|death_date=
|death_place=Keswick, Ontario, Canada
|nationality = Canadian
|occupation= Actor, voice actress, voice artist, impressionist, pitchman
|yearsactive = 1964–2006
|notable_works = Speaking Original voice of Gargool in Monster by Mistake (1996-2005)  Speaking Original voice of Principal Mulligan in Flying Rhino Junior High (1998-2000)
}}
Len Carlson (September 2, 1937 – January 26, 2006) was a Canadian voice actor on many animated television series from the 1980s onward, an occasional live-action TV actor, and a Kraft Canada TV pitchman during the 1980s. He was a native of Edmonton and a former professional athlete.
Career
He was the voice of Big Boss, Sundown and Mace on C.O.P.S., Ganon on The Legend of Zelda, Senator Robert Kelly (and the Supreme Intelligence) on X-Men (1992), Bert Raccoon in The Raccoons, Putter from Popples (and a voice director for the show from 1990 onwards), Mr. Frumble in The Busy World of Richard Scarry, Professor Coldheart in the early Care Bears series by DiC Entertainment, and Rocket Robin Hood in some of the third-season episodes. He was also the voice of Allo and Quackpot on the TV series, Dinosaucers and he was the original voice of the Green Goblin in Spider-Man the original series (1967) and the voice of Buzz in the show Cyberchase (2002). Also, he was the voice of Sterling Überbucks, his brother Carling, his great grandfather Sterling Überrucks and his nephew Stewie on Roboroach (2002) and the title character in the short-lived Swamp Thing (1991) animated series.
He also voiced all the male characters in two animated 1970s series (The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo and The Toothbrush Family), was the voice of Ace the Seagull and Sharkey Shark in the children's TV series The Waterville Gang and did voices for movies including The Nutcracker Prince, Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot, both Rolie Polie Olie movies (The Baby Bot Chase and The Great Defender of Fun), and reindeer voices in the live-action feature Blizzard.

In his last years, Carlson was a regular on Nelvana-produced shows such as Rolie Polie Olie, Cyberchase, Pecola, Donkey Kong Country, Medabots, Beetlejuice, and Beyblade as the main antagonist Gideon (season two). Most recently, he appeared in the French-Canadian co-production Atomic Betty, voiced the characters Hugo and Q in the video game Street Fighter III 3rd Strike and narrated the animated bible TV series Friends and Heroes. He also voiced Herc Stormsailor in the 1980s show Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors'' and The Big Boss in COPS .
Death
Carlson died of a heart attack in Keswick, Ontario at the age of 68, in January 26, 2006.

References

Other websites

 Obituary as published by the Globe and Mail 
 Eulogy by Kevin Gillis

1937 births
Canadian voice actors
Actors from Toronto
Actors from Edmonton
Sanchi Stupa is a memorial built in the state of Madhya Pradesh in the city of Sanchi in India. It is located   north-east of Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India. It is an important monument of Indian Architecture. The emperor Ashoka ordered it to be built,in the 3rd century BCE. Its center was a simple dome-like brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha. It was crowned by the chatra, a parasol-like structure symbolising high rank. This structure was intended  to honour and shelter the relics. The original construction work of this stupa was overseen by Ashoka, whose wife Devi was the daughter of a merchant of nearby Vidisha. Sanchi was Devi's birthplace as well as the place of her wedding with Ashoka. In the 1st century BCE, four elaborately carved toranas (ornamental gateways) and a balustrade encircling the entire structure were added. The Sanchi Stupa built during Mauryan period was made of bricks
. The composite flourished until the 11th century.
Sanchi is the center of a region with a number of stupas including Satdhara (17 km from Sanchi, 40 stupas, the Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana, now enshrined in the new Vihara, were unearthed there), Morel Khurd (on a fortified hilltop with 60 stupas), Andher (17 km NE of Vidisha), Mawas, Sonari etc. all very close to Sanchi.

References 

World Heritage Sites in India
3rd-century BC works
A roundabout (also known as a traffic island) is a road circle joining three or more roads. Drivers follow a simple rule to avoid crashes. 

In countries that drive on the left:
At the island, give way to traffic coming from your right.
The driver goes round the island in a clockwise direction.

In countries that drive on the right:
At the island, give way to traffic coming from your left.
The driver goes round the island in an anticlockwise direction.

Types of circular intersections 
There are larger roundabouts that can have two to six lanes and can have traffic lights. These can sometimes be found at motorway junctions.

Gyratory system 
The term "gyratory" (for example, Hanger Lane gyratory) is sometimes used in the United Kingdom for a larger roundabout with unusual features.

Roads
China Railway, commonly known as CR, full name China Railway Corporation, undertakes railway passenger and freight transport services in the People's Republic of China. It is a state-owned industrial enterprise established under the "Law of the People's Republic of China on All-Ownership Industrial Enterprises." The Ministry of Finance acts on behalf of the State Council to perform the duties of investors.   China Railway operates passenger and freight transport through 21 companies.

References

Rail transport in the People's Republic of China
The World Cup final match is the last of the competition, and the result determines which country will be the world champions. If after 90 minutes of normal play the score is a draw, an additional 30-minutes, called extra time, is added. If the game is still tied after extra time, it is then decided by a penalty shoot-out. The team winning the penalty shoot-out are then declared champions. In the 21 tournaments held, 79 nations have appeared at least once. Of these, 13 have made it to the final match, and eight have won. Brazil have won the most titles with five and are also the only nation to have taken part in every World Cup finals tournament. Italy and Germany have four titles. Current champion France, along with past champions Uruguay and Argentina, have two titles each, while England and Spain have one each. The team that wins the finals receive the FIFA World Cup Trophy, and their name is engraved on the bottom side of the trophy.