Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sodium phosphate is a group of chemical compounds. The phosphate atom can hold three other atoms. They can be three hydrogen (phosphoric acid), two hydrogen and one sodium(sodium dihydrogen phosphate), one hydrogen and two sodium (disodium hydrogen phosphate), or three sodium (trisodium phosphate).

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, also known as monosodium phosphate, is a chemical compound with the formula NaH2PO4. It is acidic. It is used in some baking powders. It is used as a laxative or a pH buffer (something that keeps a chemical from getting more acidic or basic). It is made by reaction of a little sodium hydroxide with phosphoric acid.

Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Disodium hydrogen phosphate, also known as disodium phosphate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2HPO4. It is about neutral (not acidic or basic). It is used to prevent clumping in foods. It is made by reaction of some sodium hydroxide with phosphorus.

Trisodium phosphate
Trisodium phosphate, also known as sodium phosphate, is a chemical compound with the formula Na3PO4. It is basic. It formerly was used in detergents, but the phosphate fueled algal blooms. It is made by combining sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid.

Related pages
Phosphite
Sodium phosphite
Hypophosphite

Phosphorus compounds
Sodium compounds
The San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One championship race. It was held at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in the town of Imola. Imola is near the Apennine mountains in Italy. The race was first held , and the last race was in . It is named the San Marino Grand Prix after the nearby republic of San Marino.

History 
The area by Imola is home to several racing car manufacturers, including Ferrari, Lamborghini, and Maserati. Following the Second World War, the town started a project to improve the local economy. Four local motor racing fans suggested building a new road. The road would link together existing public roads. These road were used by the local car manufacturers to test their new car designs. Construction began in March 1950. The first test run took place two years later when Enzo Ferrari sent a car to the track.
In April 1953, the first motorcycle races took place at Imola, and the first car race took place in June 1954. In April 1963, the first race with Formula One cars took place at Imola. It was a non-championship event, and was won by Jim Clark for Lotus. An additional non-championship event took place at Imola in 1979. This race was won by Niki Lauda for Brabham-Alfa Romeo.

In 1980, the Italian Grand Prix moved from the high-speed Monza circuit to Imola. This was because of a bad crash in 1978. The crash killed the popular Swedish driver Ronnie Peterson. The 1980 race was won by Nelson Piquet for Brabham-Ford. In 1981 the Italian Grand Prix returned to Monza, and Imola hosted the new San Marino Grand Prix, named after the nearby republic of San Marino.
1994 
In  there were three serious accidents at Imola. 
During the Friday practice, Rubens Barrichello hit the fence at the Variante Bassa. It was a very hard crash and he was knocked unconscious for a few minutes. 
During the qualifying session on Saturday, Roland Ratzenberger crashed at the Villeneuve Corner. On the lap before he crashed, Roland went over a kerb too quickly which damaged his front wing. This caused his front wing to fail at 190mph, causing him to go into the concrete wall. He hit a concrete barrier wall almost head-on and received a very bad head injury. He was taken to the hospital, but died from injuries.
In the race on Sunday, Ayrton Senna hit a concrete wall at the high-speed Tamburello Corner. Senna suffered severe head injuries. After he was removed from the car he was air lifted to hospital. He died in hospital after his life support was turned off because it was the only thing keeping him alive. It is still not clear today what caused Senna's crash. The car was too damaged to analyse what caused the crash. For the 1995 race, the Tamburello and Villeneuve corners were changed. They became slower chicanes. The Variante Bassa was also straightened. These crashes started changes at other Formula One circuits. Changes were made to make the sport safer.
Teams had complained about the poor quality of the facilities (buildings and work areas) at Imola. San Marino Grand Prix was dropped from the Formula One championship after . Part of the reason for dropping San Marino was there was another grand prix held in Italy.

Winners of the San Marino Grand Prix

Repeat winners (drivers)

Repeat winners (constructors)

Repeat winners (engine manufacturers) 

* Built by Porsche

** Built by Cosworth

By year 

A pink background indicates an event which was not part of any championship.

Broadcasting

United Kingdom

Deaths 
Roland Ratzenberger, died in a crash at Villeneuve Corner during qualifying for the 1994 grand prix.
Ayrton Senna, died in a crash at Tamburello while leading the race on May 1, 1994.

References

Other websites 

 San Marino Grand Prix 
 San Marino Grand Prix Statistics 

Formula One Grands Prix
Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (27 January 1836 – 9 March 1895) was an Austrian writer and journalist, who became famous for his romantic stories about Galician life. The word masochism comes from his name.

During his lifetime, Sacher-Masoch was known as a thinker who supported socialist and humanist ideas in his writing, both his stories and his letters. Most of his works have not been translated into English. The novel Venus in Furs is the only one of his books that can be commonly found in English.

Life
Life

Storytelling
Von Sacher-Masoch was born in what is now Lviv, Ukraine.  His father was an Austrian police director with Spanish ancestry, and his mother was Charlotte von Masoch, a Ukrainian noblewoman. He began learning German at age 12. He studied law, history and mathematics at Graz University. After he finished his study, Sacher-Masoch moved back to Lemberg where he became a professor. His early writing was mainly non-fiction works about Austrian history. At the same time, Sacher-Masoch began looking into the stories of his homeland, Galicia. Soon he stopped lecturing to write stories and letters. Within ten years, his short stories and novels became more famous than his historical non-fiction works, though his fiction had history in it.
Sacher-Masoch was especially interested in capturing stories of the different ethnicities that lived in Galicia. From the 1860s to the 1880s, he collected many volumes of Jewish Short Stories, Polish Short Stories, Galician Short Stories, German Court Stories and Russian Court Stories. His works were translated into Ukrainian, Russian and French. They were very popular in Ukraine.

The Legacy of Cain
In 1869 Sacher-Masoch wrote a large number of short stories under the group title Legacy of Cain. These stories showed his view on life and the world. Six volumes were planned, but only the first two were ever completed. By the middle of the 1880s, Masoch had abandoned the Legacy of Cain. Despite this, the published volumes of the series included his best-known stories, including Venus in Furs (1869) which is the most famous today. The short novel expressed Sacher-Masoch's fantasies and fetishes, which he tried to live out with his mistresses and wives.
Views on semitism and feminism
Sacher-Masoch edited the monthly literary magazine Auf der Höhe. Internationale Review (At the Pinnacle. International Review), which was published in Leipzig from October, 1881 to September, 1885. This was a magazine aimed at helping Jews in Saxony become part of the community, as well supporting women's rights with articles on women's education and suffrage.

In his later years, he worked against local antisemitism through an association called the Oberhessischer Verein für Volksbildung (OVV), which he founded in 1893 with his second wife, Hulda Meister.

References

1836 births
1895 deaths
Austrian writers
People from Lviv
Christopher Kuper (born December 19, 1982 in Anchorage, Alaska) is an American football Offensive guard for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). Kuper played college football at the University of North Dakota and was drafted by the Denver Broncos with the 161st pick in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft.

Other websites
Chris Kuper at denverbroncos.com

1982 births
Living people
Kuper, Chris
American football offensive guards
Sportspeople from Anchorage, Alaska
Sportspeople from North Dakota
The Blackout is a Welsh Post-hardcore band from Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. The Blackout has six members in the band; the current band members are Sean Smith, Gavin Butler, Matthew Davies, James Davies, Rhys Lewis and Gareth Lawrence.

Career 
In 2003 a band called Ten Minute Preview was formed out of boredom and was named after the New York City blackout of 1977. The band currently has Sean Smith on Vocals, Gavin Butler on Vocals, Matthew Davies on Guitar and backing vocals, James Davies on Guitar and backing vocals, Rhys Lewis on Bass guitar and Gareth Lawrence on Drums and Backing vocals and they are all original members.
The Blackout released their debut album, We Are the Dynamite! on October 1, 2007 on the record label, Fierce Panda and it was the fastest selling album ever released by Fierce Panda. The album spawned 2 singles on it, "The Beijing Cocktail" and "It's High Tide Baby!" (which featured lead singer of Lostprophets, Ian Watkins). After their album release The Blackout went on a 14-date headline UK tour playing alongside bands such as The Used and Rise Against.

The Blackout left the Fierce Panda records in 2008 and signed with the record label, Epitaph Records. On the Epitaph record label the band released one album, The Best in Town, which spawned 4 singles "STFUppercut", "Children of the Night", "Save Our Selves (The Warning)" and "I Don't Care (This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things)" and are releasing another album in 2011 which currently does not have a name.

Band members
Band members 

Current
Sean Smith – Vocals
Gavin Butler – Vocals
James "Bob" Davies – Guitar, Backing vocals
Matthew Davies – guitar, backing vocals
Rhys Lewis – Bass guitar
Gareth "Snoz" Lawrence – Drums, backing vocals

Discography 
So far as of 2011, The Blackout has released 1 EP and three albums.

Albums
We Are the Dynamite! (1997)
The Best In Town (2009)
Hope (2011)

EPs
The Blackout! The Blackout! The Blackout! (EP) (2006)

Other websites 
 Official website 

Post-hardcore bands
Welsh musical groups
Musical groups established in 2003
2003 establishments in the United Kingdom
2000s establishments in Wales
Phosphorus oxide refers to any of the following compounds:

Phosphorus(III) oxide, phosphorus trioxide, reducing agent, poisonous
Phosphorus(V) oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, used to make phosphoric acid and for drying things out
There are several phosphorus acids. They are acids that have phosphorus in them. Three of them are common.

Hypophosphorous acid, phosphorus in oxidation state of +1, salts are called hypophosphites, reducing agent
Phosphorous acid, phosphorus in oxidation state of +3, salts are called phosphites, reducing agent
Phosphoric acid, most common, phosphorus in oxidation state of +5, salts are called phosphates
The Sunshine Coast (population 312,908) is a coastal region in South East Queensland, north of the Queensland  capital of Brisbane. On 15 March 2008, the former Councils of Noosa Shire, Maroochy Shire and Caloundra City combined to form the Sunshine Coast Regional Council.

The Sunshine Coast is bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east, and extends to the local government boundaries beyond the Blackall Range to the west. Sometimes, the towns of Gympie, which is 30 minutes' drive north of Noosa Heads, and Caboolture, 30 minutes' drive south of Caloundra, have been included in a broader definition of the Sunshine Coast region.

History 
The Glass House Mountains, located south-west of Caloundra, were first sighted by James Cook from the deck of the HM Bark Endeavour in 1770.
The Sunshine Coast's first white inhabitants were three castaways who shared the life of the aborigines for eight months. Later it became the home of many runaway convicts. It was also the scene of some of the most bitter skirmishes of Australia's Black War.

Timber-getters  used its rivers and lakes as seaways to float out logs of cedar, and prospectors climbed its mountains to reach the Gympie gold. With the coming of the railway line to Gympie, the coastal towns, which were founded as ports for the early river trade, were bypassed. The Sunshine Coast later grew into a holiday destination, which was further expanded in the development boom of the 1960s and 1970s.

Tourism 
The Sunshine Coast is a centre for tourism. The attractions include: Steve Irwin's Australia Zoo, UnderWater World marine park, Aussie World with the Ettamogah Pub, The Buderim Ginger Factory, The Big Pineapple and the Majestic Theatre at Pomona.
Environment 
The Sunshine Coast contains many beaches. Many well-known beaches within the Sunshine Coast region are located at Noosa Heads, Alexandra Headland, Mooloolaba (the spit), Coolum, Maroochydore and Kings Beach in Caloundra.

The region is also home to more national parks than any other region in Queensland. The natural variety of the area has been protected by five separate parks in both coastal and inland regions, including Mapleton Falls National Park, Kondalilla National Park, The Glasshouse Mountains National Park, Noosa National Park, and the Great Sandy National Park, which includes sections on Fraser Island and in Cooloola near Rainbow Beach.

References
Kia Michelle Stevens (born September 4, 1977 in Carson, California) is an American female actress and former professional wrestler. She is best known for her time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). She was known for wrestling under the ring name Awesome Kong. She also wrestled for Ring of Honor (ROH), Shimmer Women Athletes, All Elite Wrestling (AEW), and WWE. During her time in WWE, sh wrestled under the ring name Kharma.

While in TNA, she was a two-time TNA Women's Knockout Champion and one-time TNA Knockout Tag Team Champion with Hamada.

On August 28, 2021, Kong announced that she was retiring from in-ring competition. At Bound for Glory on October 23, 2021, she was inducted in the Impact Hall of Fame by Gail Kim.

References

Other websites 
 Awesome Kong's Official website 
 Kharma's WWE Profile

1977 births
Living people
All Elite Wrestling alumni
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Robert Lee Frost  (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was an American poet. He is well known for his realistic writings of rural life and his use of American informal (slang) speech. His poems were often set in rural life in New England in the early twentieth century, and used these settings to look at complex social and philosophical themes. Frost has often been quoted by other people. He was honored often during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Early years 

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott Frost, Jr., and Isabelle Moodie.
Frost's father was a teacher, and later an editor of the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (later the San Francisco Examiner), and an unsuccessful candidate for city tax collector. After his death on May 5, 1885 the family moved across the country to Lawrence, Massachusetts. Frost graduated from Lawrence High School in 1892. Frost's mother joined the Swedenborgian Church and had him baptized in there, but he left the church as an adult.

Although he would be famous for writing about rural life, Frost grew up in the city, and published his first poem in his high school's magazine. He attended Dartmouth College for two months, long enough to be accepted into the Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Frost returned home to teach and to work at different jobs.

Adult years
Adult years

In 1894, Frost sold his first poem, "My Butterfly: An Elegy", for fifteen dollars. It was published in the November 8, 1894, edition of the New York Independent. Proud of this accomplishment, he proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White. She waited, wanting to finish college before they married. Frost then went on a trip to the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia. After returning he proposed again to Elinor. Because she had then graduated, she agreed. They got married on 19th December 1896.
He attended liberal arts studies at Harvard for two years, but left to support his growing family. Shortly before dying, Robert's grandfather purchased a farm for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; and Robert worked the farm for nine years, while writing early in the mornings and producing many of the poems that would later become famous. His farming was unsuccessful and he returned to education as an English teacher at New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy from 1906 to 1911, then at the New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

In 1912, Frost sailed with his family to Great Britain, living first in Glasgow before settling in Beaconsfield outside London. His first book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published the next year. In England, he made some important friends, including Edward Thomas (a member of the group known as the Dymock Poets), T.E. Hulme, and Ezra Pound. Surrounded by his peers, Frost wrote some of his best work while in England.
For forty-two years – from 1921 to 1963 - Frost spent almost every summer and fall teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College, at its mountain campus at Ripton, Vermont. The college now owns and maintains his former Ripton farmstead as a national historic site near the Bread Loaf campus. In 1921 Frost accepted a fellowship teaching post at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided until 1927; while there he was awarded a lifetime appointment at the University as a Fellow in Letters. The Robert Frost Ann Arbor home is now situated at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. Frost returned to Amherst in 1927. In 1940 he bought a  plot in South Miami, Florida, naming it Pencil Pines; he spent his winters there for the rest of his life.
Harvard's 1965 alumni directory says Frost received an honorary degree there. Although he never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees, including ones from Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities; and was the only person to receive two honorary degrees from Dartmouth College. During his lifetime, the Robert Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, and the main library of Amherst College were named after him.

Frost was 86 when he spoke and performed a reading of his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. He died in Boston two years later, on January 29, 1963, of complications from prostate surgery. He was buried at the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His epitaph quotes a line from one of his poems: "I had a lover's quarrel with the world."
Frost's poems are analyzed in the Anthology of Modern American Poetry (Oxford University Press) where it is mentioned that behind a sometimes charmingly familiar and rural front, Frost's poetry frequently presents hopeless and hostile undertones which often are either unseen or unanalyzed.

One of the original collections of Frost materials is found in the Special Collections department of the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts.  The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand items, including original manuscript poems and letters, correspondence, and photographs, as well as audio and visual recordings.

References 

1874 births
1963 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American poets
Pulitzer Prize winners
Writers from San Francisco
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Lawrence, Massachusetts
Kevin Michael Harvick (born December 8, 1975), nicknamed "The Closer" and "Happy Harvick", is an American racecar driver. He drives the No. 4 Ford Mustang for Stewart-Haas Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. Harvick won the NASCAR Nationwide Series championship  and the Sprint Cup rookie of the year award in 2001. In 2007, Harvick beat Mark Martin and Enrique Peña Nieto to win the Daytona 500. In 2014 Harvick began racing for Stewart-Hass Racing. Over the year, he was able to win a total of five races, and at the end of the year, he was named the NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion.

References

1975 births
Living people
Daytona 500 winners
American racecar drivers
NASCAR drivers
The Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari is an auto racing circuit near the Italian town of Imola,  east of Bologna and  east of the Ferrari factory in Maranello. Often, it is simply called Imola.

The circuit is named after Ferrari's late founder Enzo, and his son Dino who had died in the 1950s. Before Enzo Ferrari's death in 1988 it was called 'Autodromo Dino Ferrari'.

It was the host for the Formula One San Marino Grand Prix. The Italian Grand Prix has been held in Italy since the start of Formula One. The race at Imola was named after the nearby Republic of San Marion. After a bad crash Monza in , Imola hosted the  Italian Grand Prix. When Formula One visits Imola, it is considered the 'home circuit' of Ferrari and a large group of tifosi (Ferrari supporters) come out to support the local team.
Tamburello corner 
Even with the addition of the chicanes, safety was a concern at the circuit. One of the biggest worries was the high-speed, flat-out Tamburello corner. Tamburello was very bumpy and had very little room between the track and a concrete wall. The wall protected a creek that ran behind the corner. In  San Marino Grand Prix, Nelson Piquet had an accident at the corner during practice. He missed the race due to his injuries. In the  San Marino Grand Prix, Gerhard Berger crashed his Ferrari at Tamburello after the front wing broke. The crash was so heavy, the monocoque (the driver's compartment) split open. The car caught fire. The firefighters and medical personnel went to work quickly. Because of fast response, Berger survived with only burns on his hands. Berger only missed one race, the Monaco Grand Prix. Other drivers, including Michele Alboreto and Riccardo Patrese also bad crashes at Tamburello corner. They escaped without serious injury.
In  there were three serious accidents at Imola. During the Friday practice, Rubens Barrichello hit the fence at the Variante Bassa. It was a very hard crash and he was knocked unconscious for a few minutes. During the qualifying session on Saturday, Austrian Roland Ratzenberger crashed at the Villeneuve Corner. He hit a concrete barrier wall almost head-on and was received a very bad head injury. He was taken to the hospital, but died from injuries. In the race on Sunday, 3-time World Champion Ayrton Senna hit a concrete wall at Tamburello Corner. Senna was killed instantly. In two unrelated accidents, several spectators and mechanics were also injured during the race.
In response to the deaths of Ratzenberger and Senna, changes were made to try to make the circuit safer. The flat-out Tamburello corner was reduced in speed. It was also made into a left-right sweeper. A gravel trap was added to the limited space on the outside of the corner.  Villeneuve corner was also slowed down and a gravel trap added. To retain some of the character of the old circuit, the slow chicane at Acqua Minerale was eliminated. Many say that the new circuit configuration is not as good as it used to be as a result of the new chicanes at Tamburello and Villeneuve.

Another modification made was to the Variante Alta. Variante Alta is at the top of the hill leading down to Rivazza. It has the hardest braking point on the lap. The kerbs were very high, and the drivers often hit them. This often caused damage to the cars and sometimes lead to accidents. Before the 2006 Grand Prix, the kerbs were lowered and the turn itself was tightened to reduce speeds.
Some had complained about the poor quality of the facilities (buildings and work areas) at Imola. San Marino Grand Prix was dropped from the Formula One championship after .

Recent developments 
Following an FIA decision in August 2006, Imola did not host a Grand Prix in . SAGIS is the company that owns the circuit. They hoped that the race would be reinstated at the October 2006 meeting of the FIA World Motorsport Council. They were planning renovations to the facility, but the reinstatement was denied.
The circuit has undergone major revisions. The pitlane, pit garages and the final corners have been updated. The final left-right chicane has been removed. The run from Rivazza 2 to the first Tamburello chicane is flat-out. This is more like the old version of the circuit. The pitlane has been extended and reworked. The old pit garages and paddock have been completely rebuilt. The circuit hopes to rejoin the F1 calendar within the next few seasons. The reconstruction has been designed by German track architect Hermann Tilke.

In June 2008, with most of the reconstruction work done, FIA gave the track "1T" rating, meaning that an official F1 test can be held there. But still the track needs the "1" approvial to again host a Formula One race. The track also hosted the 2008 World Touring Car Championship Race of Europe, on September 21, 2008.

References

Other websites 

Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari
Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari History and Statistics 
Satellite picture by Google Maps

Formula One circuits
The 1220s decade ran from January 1, 1220, to December 31, 1229.

Events and trends 
 1220
 Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Honorius III.
 1222
 Hungarian king András II (Andrew II) issued the Golden Bull to make the Hungarian barons happy. This document secured the rights of the nobility and protected law over the king's rule and will.
 1223
 Philip II of France died July 14. 
 Louis VIII is crowned King of France.
 1226
 St. Francis of Assisi died October 3. 
 Louis VIII of France died November 8.
 1228
 Stefan II, the ruler of Serbia, died September 24 (aged 52). 
 1229
 The city and castle of Rapperswil was established by Count Rudolf II of Rapperswil.

References 

1220s
The Constitutional Union Party was an American political party. It was one of four major parties to have candidates in the 1860 United States presidential election right before the American Civil War. It was made up of former Whigs and Know-Nothings who had not joined the Republican Party, and people from the South who wanted the Union to stay together. It had one idea - keeping the United States together. It ran John Bell for President and Edward Everett for Vice-President. They got about one eighth of the popular vote, mostly from the South and the border states.

Political parties in the United States
William Joseph Crawford (born January 28, 1984)  is an American rapper. He is better known by his stage name, Ya Boy. 

Ya Boy was written about in a column by The Source magazine called "Unsigned Hype" before being signed to Akon's record label, Konvict Records.

Discography

Studio Albums

EPs

Mixtapes

References

Other websites
 Ya Boy's Official Myspace
 

1984 births
Living people
Rappers from California
Singers from California
Musicians from San Francisco
A miniseries (also known as mini-series), in a serial storytelling medium, is a production which tells a story in a planned limited number of episodes.

Related pages

Television series
Metaseries

Other websites
The Museum of Broadcast Communications (MBC) - MINISERIES 
A USC retrospective  on the career of producer David L. Wolper.
An elastic collision is when two objects collide and bounce back with little or no deformation. For example, two rubber balls bouncing together would be elastic. Two cars hitting each other would be inelastic, as the cars crumple, and do not bounce back. In a perfectly elastic collision (the simplest case), no kinetic energy is lost, and so the kinetic energy of the two objects after the collision is equal to their total kinetic energy before the collision. Elastic collisions occur only if there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms (heat, sound). The other rule to remember when working with elastic collisions is that momentum is conserved.

One-dimensional Newtonian

Consider two particles, indicated by subscripts 1 and 2. Let m1 and m2 be the masses, u1 and u2 be the velocities before the collision and v1 and v2 be the velocities after collision.
Using Conservation of Momentum to write one formula
Since it is an elastic collision, the total momentum before the collision is the same as the total momentum after the collision.
Given that momentum (p) is calculated as

We can calculate the momentum before the collision to be:

and the momentum after the collision to be:

Setting the two equal gives us our first equation:

Using Conservation of Energy to write a second formula
The second rule we use is that the total kinetic energy remains the same, meaning that the initial kinetic energy is equal to the final kinetic energy.

The formula for kinetic energy is:

So, using the same variables as before: 
The initial kinetic energy is:

The final kinetic energy is:

Setting the two to be equal ( since the total kinetic energy remains the same):
Putting those two equations together
These equations may be solved directly to find vi when ui are known or vice versa.
Here is a sample problem, which can be solved using either conservation of momentum, or conservation of energy:

For example:

Ball 1: mass = 3 kg,       v = 4 m/s
Ball 2: mass = 5 kg,       v = -6 m/s

After collision:

Ball 1: v = -8.5 m/s
Ball 2: v = unknown ( We'll represent it with v )

Using Conservation of Momentum:

After doing multiplication, and then subtracting  from both sides, we get:

Summing the left side, then dividing by  gives us:
, and doing the final division gives us: 

We could have also solved this problem using Conservation of Energy:

Multiplying both sides by , and then do all the required multiplications gives us:

Adding the numbers on the left, subtracting  from both sides, and dividing by  gives us:

Taking the square root of both sides gives us an answer of .
Unfortunately, we'd still need to use conservation of momentum to figure out whether  is positive or negative.

Physics
Elasticity (physics)

ru:Удар#Абсолютно упругий удар
Eastern Kentucky University is a university in Kentucky in the United States. Eastern Kentucky's athletics teams are called the Colonels and they have 15 varsity teams and have a rivalry with Western Kentucky University. The president of Eastern Kentucky is Dr. Charles Doug Whitlock.

References

Other websites 
 Eastern Kentucky University Official website

Colleges and universities in Kentucky
Ohio Valley Conference
1906 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Kentucky
Shaun Toub is an Iranian-American movie and television actor. He is perhaps best known for his role as Farhad in the 2004 movie Crash, as Rahim Khan in the movie The Kite Runner, as Yinsen in the movie Iron Man and as Iroh in the movie The Last Airbender.

Other websites

Shaun Toub cover story in OCPC magazine

References

1963 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Tehran
Iranian movie actors
Nicktoons is an American digital cable and satellite television network owned by Viacom.  It is a sister service of the Nickelodeon cable channel. The network broadcasts Nickelodeon's animated series, Nicktoons, along with other original animated series and foreign animation from other Nickelodeon networks overseas 24 hours a day.  The slogan for the network is "Big Stars, Animated."

Related pages
 Nicktoons
 Nickelodeon
 Nick Jr.

Notes

2002 American television series debuts
 
Companies based in New York City
2000s establishments in New York (state)
Michael Adams (born 17 November 1971 in Truro, Cornwall) is a British chess grandmaster (1989). His highest ranking was world #4, achieved several times from October 2000 to October 2002. He achieved a peak FIDE rating of 2755. 

He has achieved superb results in World Chess Championship tournaments. At the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, he reached the final, narrowly losing out to Rustam Kasimdzhanov in the tie-break games.

Adams won the British Chess Championship in 1989 at the age of seventeen. Making only rare appearances, he won (jointly) in 1997, and won again in 2010 and 2011. A fine score of 6½/7 in the 2011 European Club Championship marked a return to form, but his results are no longer so consistent as they used to be.

References

Other websites
 Michael Adams profile at chessgames.com

1971 births
Living people
British chess players
People from Cornwall
Chess grandmasters
Sodium carbonate is a chemical compound. It is composed of sodium and carbonate ions. Its chemical formula is Na2CO3. It is a base. It reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide. It is made by reacting sodium hydroxide with carbon dioxide or by heating sodium bicarbonate. It is produced industrially by the Solvay process. It is used to make glass. It is also used in pools and cooking. It is used as an electrolyte.

Related pages
Natron
Sodium compounds
Sodium chlorate
Potassium carbonate

Sodium compounds
Carbonates
The Solvay process is a way to make sodium carbonate and sodium dicarbonate invented by Ernest Solvay. It is essentially the reaction of carbon dioxide with ammonia and sodium chloride to produce ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate may be heated to produce sodium carbonate.The process consists of saturation of cold, concentrated solution of sodium chloride with ammonia.

Related pages
Chemistry
Ammonium
Carbonate

Chemical reactions
Potassium carbonate, also known as potash or pearl ash, is a chemical compound. It is made of potassium and carbonate ions. Its chemical formula is K2CO3.

Properties
Potassium carbonate is a white solid. It dissolves in water. It is similar to sodium carbonate. It reacts with acids to make carbon dioxide and a potassium salt. It does not dissolve in alcohol. It is basic. It is a mild drying agent.

Preparation
It is made by the reaction of carbon dioxide with potassium hydroxide.

Uses
It is used to soften water (remove some of the ions from water) and make soap. It is used to put out fires. It can be used as an electrolyte to electrolyze water.

Related pages
Sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium hydroxide

Potassium compounds
Carbonates
Bicarbonate is an anion (a negatively-charged ion). Its chemical formula is HCO3−. It reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide. A sample compound is sodium bicarbonate. It forms carbonate when heated.

Related pages
Carbon
Oxygen
Carbonate

Bicarbonate compounds 
 Sodium bicarbonate
 Potassium bicarbonate
 Calcium bicarbonate
 Ammonium bicarbonate
 Carbonic acid

Ions
Adjacent stations
JR East
 Tōkaidō Line
Rapid Acty, Local
Kawasaki - Yokohama - Totsuka
 Keihin-Tōhoku Line
Rapid, Local
Higashi-Kanagawa - Yokohama - Sakuragichō
 Yokosuka Line
Local
Shin-Kawasaki - Yokohama - Hodogaya
 Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
Special Rapid, Rapid
Musashi-Kosugi - Yokohama - Totsuka
Local
Shin-Kawasaki - Yokohama - Hodogaya
Keikyū
 Keikyū Main Line
Rapid Ltd. Express
Keikyū Kawasaki - Yokohama - Kami-Ōoka
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Airport Express
Naka-Kido - Yokohama - Hinodechō
Local
Kanagawa - Yokohama - Tobe
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 Sagami Railway Main Line
Express 
Yokohama - Futamatagawa
Rapid
Yokohama - Hoshikawa
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Yokohama - Hiranumabashi
Tōkyū, Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company
 Tōkyū Tōyoko Line,  Minatomirai Line
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Local
Tammachi - Yokohama - Shin-Takashima
Yokohama Municipal Subway
 Blue Line
Takashimachō (B19) - Yokohama (B20) - Mitsuzawa-Shimochō (B21)

Other websites
Other websites

Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yokohama
Minatomirai Station () is a railway station of Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

Adjacent stations
Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company
 Minatomirai Line
Limited Exp.
Yokohama - Minatomirai - Motomachi-Chūkagai
Commuter Exp., Expless
Yokohama - Minatomirai - Bashamichi
Local
Shin-Takashima - Minatomirai - Bashamichi

Other websites

Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yokohama
Motomachi-Chūkagai Station (元町・中華街駅,もとまち・ちゅうかがいえき) is a railway station of Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

Adjacent stations
Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company
 Minatomirai Line
Limited Exp.
Minatomirai - Motomachi-Chūkagai
Commuter Exp., Expless, Local
Nihon-ōdōri - Motomachi-Chūkagai

Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yokohama
KFAX is a radio station in San Francisco Bay Area, California. The station aired its first broadcast on January 3, 1925. KFAX is registered in San Francisco, California. The station is owned by Salem Communications.

References 

Radio stations in the United States
San Francisco
1925 establishments in California
"Don't Bother Me" is the first song written by George Harrison to appear on an album by The Beatles. It was on the group's With the Beatles album in the UK, released in 1963, and on their Meet the Beatles! album in the U.S., released in 1964.
History
Harrison wrote the song while sick in bed at a hotel room in Bournemouth, England, where the Beatles were playing some shows during the summer of 1963. Harrison never regarded it highly, saying, "It was a fairly crappy song. I forgot all about it completely once it was on the album." He considered it an exercise in whether he could write a song, later saying, "at least it showed me that all I needed to do was keep on writing, and then maybe eventually I would write something good." Harrison received a writing credit for two earlier songs, "In Spite of All the Danger" (McCartney/Harrison) and "Cry for a Shadow" (Harrison/Lennon). Both were recorded by the Beatles but neither was released officially by the band until 1995's Anthology 1 compilation. "Don't Bother Me" is considered Harrison's first song by most (including the composer himself).
The sullen mood and sad lyrics—"So go away, leave me alone, don't bother me"—were unusual for the Beatles at the time but would become characteristic for Harrison. The song mostly stays in a minor key and achieves a thick sound through its double-tracked vocal, reverbed guitars, and busy drumming. The elaborate percussion lends the song a Latin rhythm accentuated by its stop-time structure.

The Beatles recorded the song on 11 and 12 September 1963. They were not satisfied with the version recorded on the 11th and did a remake on the 12th.

"Don't Bother Me" is one of several songs featured in A Hard Day's Night, during a scene where the Beatles dance at a nightclub while McCartney's grandfather gambles elsewhere. At the end of the movie, it is noted as a Lennon/McCartney composition rather than a Harrison composition.

British singer Gregory Phillips released a version of "Don't Bother Me" as his third single. Though unsuccessful, this was the first cover version of a Harrison composition.
Personnel
George Harrison – double-tracked vocal, lead guitar
John Lennon – rhythm guitar, tambourine
Paul McCartney – bass, claves
Ringo Starr – drums, bongos
George Martin – producer
Norman Smith – engineer
Personnel per Ian MacDonald

Notes

References 
 
 
 
 

The Beatles songs
1963 songs
A negotiation is a formal discussion to reach agreement about an issue. It is an important method to reduce conflict, and to get things done. Examples:
Two hostile nations both claim a piece of territory. They may go to war over it. Or, they may negotiate some agreement or peace treaty. The agreement would be written down, and both governments would agree to keep the agreement.
A football club wishes to buy a player from another club. A series of negotiations would take place between the clubs, the player and the player's agent. If the negotiations succeed, the player gets moved. In this case, and in many others, success is followed by a legal contract, or a court decision, which makes the agreement legal.
In less formal circumstances, a negotiation is just bargaining or haggling over, for example, money.

Essential skills for Negotiation 

 Effective verbal communication 
 Listening
 Good Rapport building
 Critical Thinking
 Problem solving
 Objection handling
 Attentiveness

Dispute resolution
Eupeodes lapponicus is a common European species of hoverfly. It is sometimes known as the Lapland syrphid fly.

References

Flies
Joshua John Bidwell (born March 13, 1976 in Winston, Oregon) used to be an American Football punter.

Bidwell was drafted out of the University of Oregon by the Green Bay Packers with the 133rd pick in the fourth round of the 1999 NFL Draft. He was diagnosed with testicular cancer on September 1, 1999. Bidwell played with the Packers from 1999 to 2003. He was then signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and he played with them from 2004 to 2009. He played for the Washington Redskins in 2010.

References

Other websites
Josh Bidwell at nfl.com

1976 births
Living people
Green Bay Packers players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Washington Redskins players
American football punters
Sportspeople from Oregon
Peabody River State Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on  in Randolph County, Illinois, United States.

References

State parks in the United States
Geography of Illinois
James Dickinson Irvin, Jr. (born July 19, 1892 – May 15, 1957) was a professional Canadian ice hockey centre. He played his playing career for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and also coached hockey in the NHL. Irvin's son Dick Irvin, Jr. is a retired sports broadcaster and author.

Irvin won 4 Stanley Cups in his coaching career, one in 1932 with the Toronto Maple Leafs and 3 in 1944, 1946, and 1953 with the Montreal Canadiens.

Irvin was born on July 19, 1892 in Hamilton, Ontario and died on May 15, 1957 in Chicago, Illinois.

He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958.

Other websites

1892 births
1957 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
People from Hamilton
Stanley Cup champions
East Jensens Island is an uninhabited island of the Lincoln Sea, Greenland. The island has an area of 163.7 km ² and has a shoreline of 57.2 kilometres.

References

Atlantic islands
Islands of North America
Geography of Greenland
Uninhabited islands
Sulfur oxide can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

Sulfur dioxide, sulfur in +4 oxidation state, toxic heavy gas
Sulfur trioxide, sulfur in +6 oxidation state, irritating liquid, used to make sulfuric acid
Tony Miles (Anthony John Miles, 23 April 1955 – 12 November 2001) was an English chess Grandmaster.

World Junior Champion 
In 1973 Miles won the silver medal at the World Junior Chess Championship at Teesside, his first important event against international competition. He won the title next year in Manila.

Miles entered the University of Sheffield to study mathematics, but dropped out to concentrate on chess.

Career highlights
In 1976, Miles became the first ever FIDE Grandmaster born in the United Kingdom, narrowly beating Raymond Keene to the title. Other English players had been acknowledged as true Grandmasters in the past. Howard Staunton, the 19th century World Champion, was obviously a grandmaster. Joseph Blackburne was also regularly described as a grandmaster. Naturalised German-born Jacques Mieses was awarded the GM title in 1950; and Jonathan Penrose was awarded the title retrospectively. For his achievement, Miles won a £5,000 prize.
Miles had a string of good results in the late 1970s and 1980s, and his success was a factor in the growth of strong British players shortly after Miles became a GM. Miles won games against a number of former World Chess Champions, including Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, and Boris Spassky. In 1980 at the European Team Championship in Skara, he beat reigning world champion Anatoly Karpov with black using the extremely unorthodox opening 1. e4 a6!?, the so-called English Defence. Miles beat Karpov again three years later in Bath in a game that was part of the BBC's Mastergame series, but it was never shown on television due to a technicians' strike. However, over their careers, Karpov won most of the other encounters.
Miles won the British Chess Championship only once, in 1982. His prime time as a chess player was in the middle of the eighties. In the January 1984 FIDE rating system, he ranked #18 in the world with a rating of 2599. One of his best (and most controversial) results was his win at the Tilburg tournament in 1984. The following year, he tied for first there with Robert Hübner and Viktor Korchnoi, playing several of his games while lying face-down on a table, having injured his back.

Playing on top board for England, Miles helped his team to an all-time best silver medal at the 1986 Chess Olympiad in Dubai. But he was never able to qualify for the Candidates' series for the world title, and was overtaken by fellow Englishman Nigel Short in 1985.

Against Garry Kasparov Miles had little success, not winning a game against him, and losing a 1986 match in Basel against him by the overwhelming score of 5.5–0.5. Following this encounter, Miles described Kasparov as a "monster with a thousand eyes who sees all".
After he was hospitalized because of a mental breakdown in late 1987, Miles moved to the United States. He finished last in the 1988 US Championship, but continued to play there and had some good results. In 1991, he played in the Championship of Australia, but he eventually moved back to England, and began to represent his home country again. He was equal first at the very strong Cappelle-la-Grande Open in 1994, 1995 and 1997. He also won the Capablanca Memorial in Cuba three times (1995, 1996, and 1999). His last tournament victory was the 2001 Canadian Open Chess Championship in Sackville, New Brunswick.

Miles played in the 2001 British Championship, but withdrew before the final round, apparently because of ill-health.

The Miles Variation (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.Bf4) in the Queen's Indian Defence is named after him.

Death 
In his later years, Miles became grossly overweight, and suffered from diabetes. A post mortem found that this contributed to his death by heart failure.
Personality 
Miles was in many ways a controversial figure. He had his disagreements with chess authorities and with his fellow English players, particularly Keene and Short. Miles made accusations regarding payments that Keene had received from the British Chess Federation for acting as his second (assistant) in the 1985 Interzonal tournament in Tunis. Miles became rather obsessed with the affair, eventually suffering a mental breakdown over it. He was arrested in September 1987 in Downing Street, apparently under the belief that he had to speak to the then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher about the matter. He was subsequently hospitalised for two months. Writing in the Daily Telegraph in November 2003, Nigel Short claimed that "Tony was insanely jealous of my success, and his inability to accept that he was no longer Britain's number one was an indication of, if not a trigger for, his descent into madness".
Miles was also noted for his acerbic wit. He often attacked chess personalities in published articles. He attacked former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in an article entitled "Has Karpov lost his marbles?" .

Notable game
Karpov-Miles, Skara 1980, English Defence, 0-1 The famous game between Karpov and Miles with the opening line 1. e4 a6.

References

Further reading
Geoff Lawton (compiler) 2003. Tony Miles: It's only me (an anagram of Miles' name) Batsford, London. Mainly articles by Miles and games annotated by him, with a few tributes from other writers
Raymond Keene 2006. Tony Miles: England's chess gladiator. Hardinge Simpole, London. , 100 annotated games, and commentary.

Other websites
Obituary from The Week in Chess 
Obituary in the Guardian
Personal reminiscenses from Geoff Chandler 
"Has Karpov Lost his Marbles?"  - a short article by Miles
Miles' finger-notes at the Internet Chess Club, where he often played
Karpov vs Miles Multimedia annotated game
1955 births
2001 deaths
British chess players
Deaths from diabetes
Deaths from heart failure
People from Birmingham
Chess grandmasters