Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In criminal law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled criminal procedure. The sentence generally involves a decree of imprisonment, a fine and/or other punishments against a defendant convicted (found guilty) of a crime. For example, a man could be given a life sentence for murder. 

Trials
Criminal justice

de:Urteil
Interstate 82 (sometimes called I-82) is a  long Interstate Highway in the states of Washington and Oregon. The road goes from Interstate 90 and U.S. Route 97 in Ellensburg, Washington southeast through Yakima, Washington, the Tri-Cities of Washington, and Umatilla, Oregon before ending at Interstate 84 in Hermiston, Oregon.

Since I-82 is north of Interstate 84, it breaks the rules for Interstate numbering. This happened because when Interstate 80N was renumbered to Interstate 84 in 1980, Interstate 82 became north of Interstate 84. The renumbering was part of a project to remove Interstates that have letters within their numbers.

The highway goes over Selah Creek on a bridge called the Fred G. Redmon Bridge.  When this bridge was opened on November 2, 1971 it was the longest concrete arch bridge in North America. The bridge is 549 feet long when it goes above the creek. It is mostly north south despite ending in a 2
Roads crossed
  Interstate 90 and U.S. Route 97 in Ellensburg, Washington
  Washington State Route 821 near Selah, Washington
  Washington State Route 821 near Selah, Washington
  Washington State Route 823 near Selah, Washington
  U.S. Route 12 in Yakima, Washington
  Washington State Route 24 in Yakima, Washington
  U.S. Route 97 in Yakima, Washington
  Washington State Route 22 near Zillah, Washington
  Washington State Route 223 in Granger, Washington
  Washington State Route 241 in Sunnyside, Washington
  Washington State Route 22 in Prosser, Washington
  Washington State Route 224 in Benton City, Washington
  Interstate 182 and U.S. Route 12 near Richland, Washington
  U.S. Route 395 near Kennewick, Washington
  Washington State Route 14 near Plymouth, Washington
  U.S. Route 395 and U.S. Route 730 in Umatilla, Oregon
  Interstate 84 and U.S. Route 30 near Hermiston, Oregon
Cities and towns along the highway
 Ellensburg, Washington
 Selah, Washington
 Yakima, Washington
 Union Gap, Washington
 Zillah, Washington
 Granger, Washington
 Sunnyside, Washington
 Grandview, Washington
 Prosser, Washington
 Benton City, Washington
 Umatilla, Oregon

Counties along the highway
 Kittitas County, Washington
 Yakima County, Washington
 Benton County, Washington
 Umatilla County, Oregon

References

Other websites

 Highways of Washington State
 ORoads

82
Roads in Washington (state)
Roads in Oregon
Wesley Carter Welker (born May 1 1981, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American football wide receiver for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League.

References

1981 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
Purpose of food coloring 
People associate certain colors with certain flavors. The color of the food can therefore influence its perceived flavor in anything from candy to wine.
For this reason, food manufacturers add dyes to their products. One of the reasons this is done is to simulate the colour the customer expects as natural. An example would be to add red coloring to glacé cherries. Without coloring, the cherries would be beige. Food coloring can also be done for effect, such as a green ketchup instead of an expected red.
Most people are aware that food with bright or unnatural colors, such as the green ketchup mentioned, contains food coloring. Far fewer people know that "natural" foods such as oranges and salmon may also be dyed to hide natural variations in color. The color of foods varies through the seasons. Processing food and storing it may change its color. For these reasons, it may give a commercial advantage to add colors to food, so that it has the color expected or preferred by the customers. Some of the main reasons are:
Compensate for  color lost due to light, air, extremes of temperature, moisture, and storage conditions.
Hide natural variations in color
Make the naturally occurring colors stronger
Give identity to food, so it can be associated with the color
Protect flavors and vitamins from damage by light.
Decorative or artistic purposes such as cake icing
Regulation 
Food colorings need to be tested before they can be used. These tests are done to make sure the coloring is not poisonous, and has no unwanted side-effects. Sometimes, different testing-bodies have different opinions on the safety of a certain coloring. In the United States, FD&C (generally indicates that the FDA has approved the colorant for use in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics) numbers are given to approved synthetic food dyes that do not exist in nature. In the European Union, E numbers are used for all additives, both synthetic and natural, that are approved in food applications.

Most other countries have their own regulations and list of food colors which can be used in various applications, including maximum daily intake limits.

Natural colors are not required to be tested by a number of regulatory bodies throughout the world, including the United States FDA. The FDA lists "color additives exempt from certification" for food.
Natural food dyes 
A growing number of natural food dyes are being commercially produced, partly due to consumer concerns surrounding synthetic dyes.  Some examples include:

 Caramel coloring, made from caramelized sugar, used in cola products and also in cosmetics.
 Annatto, a reddish-orange dye made from the seed of the Achiote.
 A green dye made from chlorella algae.
 Cochineal, a red dye derived from the cochineal insect, Dactylopius coccus.
 Beet juice
 turmeric
 saffron
 paprika

To make it easy to get the exact color, these color components are often available in very pure form. They can also be used with suitable carrier materials.

Dyes and lakes 
In the United States, certifiable color additives are available for use in food as either "dyes" or "lakes".
Dyes dissolve in water, but are not soluble in oil.  Dyes are manufactured as powders, granules, liquids or other special purpose forms. They can be used in drinks, dry mixes, baked goods, confections, dairy products, pet foods and many other products. Dyes also have side effects which lakes do not, including the fact that large amounts of dyes ingested can color stools.

Lakes are the combination of dyes and insoluble material.  Lakes tint by dispersion.  Lakes are not oil soluble, but are oil dispersible.  Lakes are more stable than dyes and are ideal for coloring products containing fats and oils or items lacking sufficient moisture to dissolve dyes.  Typical uses include coated tablets, cake and donut mixes, hard candies and chewing gums, lipsticks, soaps, shampoos, talc etc.
Other uses 
Because food dyes are generally safer to use than normal artistic dyes and pigments, some artists have used food coloring as a means of making pictures, especially in forms such as body-painting.
Food colorings can be used to dye fabric, but are usually not wash-fast when used on cotton, hemp and other plant fibres. Some food dyes can be fixed on Nylon and animal fibers.
Criticism and health implications 
In the past, research has not shown any link between  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and food dyes. Newer studies show that synthetic preservatives and artificial coloring agents can make the symptoms of ADD and ADHD worse. The older studies were inclonclusive on this point, perhaps because the  clinical methods of measuring this behavior were inappropriate. Parents' reports of food additives proved to be better indicators whether additives were present than clinical tests. Several major studies show academic performance increased and disciplinary problems decreased in large non-ADD student populations when artificial ingredients and artificial coloring were eliminated from school food programs.
 Norway banned all products containing coal tar and coal tar derivatives in 1978. New legislation lifted this ban in 2001 after EU regulations.  As such, many FD&C approved colorings have been banned.
 Tartrazine causes hives in less than 0.01% of those exposed to it
References

Other websites 
 FDA/CFSAN Food Color Facts 
 Natural Food Colors (Food-Info)

Food ingredients
Color
A varsity letter (or monogram) is an award in the United States for excellence in school activities. They are typically awarded to student athletes who have played on a varsity team.

Other websites 
 History of the varsity letter and letterman jackets

Sports words
Free content, or free information, is any kind of work, artwork, or other creative content which does not have lots of legal restrictions about how people can use it.  People have freedom to make changed versions of the content, give changed and not changed versions of the content to others, and sell copies of the content and changed versions of it.  The author of free content does not use all of his copyright monopoly, he gives many of the rights to others.  The articles in Wikipedia are free content.
Free software is different from free music or text, because it is often much more difficult to understand and change a program if one does not have its source code, than it is to change a song or a text. Because of that, the source code of free software must always be easy to receive, or the software will not be free. However, source code for pictures, movies and music can also exist and be given to others. Choosing what to call a “source code” is sometimes important when publishing a work under a copyleft license.

References
Frederick Lee "Ted" Petoskey (born January 5, 1911 in St. Charles,  Michigan, died November 30, 1996 in Elgin, South Carolina) was a sportsman at the University of Michigan. He played three sports - American football, basketball, and baseball.

1911 births
1996 deaths
Major League Baseball players
Interstate 5 (sometimes called I-5, or in Southern California, The 5) is a  long Interstate Highway in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The road goes from Mexican Federal Highway 1 at the United States-Mexican border to British Columbia Highway 99 at the  United States-Canadian border. It is the main interstate highway of the West Coast. Nearly 60% of its length is in California.

Cities along the highway
 San Diego, California
 Santa Ana, California
 Los Angeles, California
 Stockton, California
 Sacramento, California
 Redding, California
 Medford, Oregon
 Eugene, Oregon
 Salem, Oregon
 Portland, Oregon
 Olympia, Washington
 Tacoma, Washington
 Seattle, Washington
 Everett, Washington
 Bellingham, Washington

References

1979 establishments in the United States
Central Valley of California
05
Roads in California
Roads in Oregon
Roads in Washington (state)
In baseball, earned run average (abbreviated to ERA) is the mean of earned runs given up by a pitcher. It is measured per nine innings pitched in Major League Baseball. ERA is found by dividing the number of earned runs allowed by the number of innings pitched and multiplying by nine. For example, if a pitcher allowed 25 runs during 95 innings pitched, his ERA would be 25 / 95 x 9, or 2.37.

Baseball statistics
Interstate 90 (sometimes called 90) is a very long Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes  across the country from Interstate 5 in Seattle to Logan International Airport in Boston and is the longest Interstate Highway. I-90 runs through the states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts.

In some states, drivers have to pay a toll to use Interstate 90.

References 

90
Roads in Washington (state)
The Washington State Department of Transportation (sometimes called WSDOT) is the part of the government of Washington about roads, railroads, ferries, airports, and other ways to get around. It was made in 1905 as Washington Department of Highways.

References

Transport in Washington (state)
State departments of transportation in the United States
Body-painting (also body painting and bodypainting) is when special colors are applied to a human's skin. The colors used are temporary. Depending on the material used, paintings last between a few hours and a few weeks. 

Body-painting can be done for various reasons. Examples are:
 to make a work of art
 to camouflage one's body
 to act in some traditional theatre
 to take part in some traditional ceremony
 to party, to create a sensation

Related pages 

 Cosmetics

 Nudity

Body art
Materpiscis (Latin for "mother fish") is a genus of ptyctodontid placoderm from the late Devonian period, about 380 million years ago. A fossil of this armored placoderm shows an embryo and umbilical cord inside its body. So Materpiscis is the oldest known vertebrate to show viviparity (giving birth to live young). Viviparity of one kind or another is quite common in certain kinds of fish, for example sharks.

The holotype was found in the Kimberley area of northern Western Australia. Fossils from the Gogo Formation are preserved in limestone nodules, so dilute acetic acid is used to dissolve the surrounding limestone and reveal the fossil. These fossils are often preserved in three dimensions with minimal distortion.

The species was named Materpiscis attenboroughi in honour of David Attenborough who first drew attention to the significance of the Gogo fish sites in his 1979 series Life on Earth.

References 

Fossils
Extinct fish
Devonian
Western Australia
Cornelius Crane "Chevy" Chase (born October 8, 1943) is an American Emmy Award-winning comedian, writer, and actor. He was one of the original cast members on Saturday Night Live. He left after a year.

References 

1943 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
Emmy Award winners
Diprotodon was the largest marsupial that ever lived, or at any rate, the heaviest. Its family, the Diprotodontidae, existed from at least 1.6 million years ago until extinction some 40,000 years ago. So it lived through most of the Pleistocene epoch. Its forebears lived in the  late Oligocene to early Miocene roughly 23 million years ago.

Diprotodon looked like a rhino without a horn. Its feet turned inwards like a wombat’s, giving it a pigeon-toed appearance. It had strong claws on the front feet, so it may have been able to dig up roots to eat. Footprints of its hairy feet have been found, so we know it had fur like a horse rather than being bald like a rhino. Diprotodon is found in sites all over Australia, but not in Tasmania. 

Female skeletons have been found with babies where the mother's pouch would have been. The largest specimens were hippopotamus-sized: about  from nose to tail, standing  tall at the shoulder and weighing about .
The animal was semi-aquatic with a life-style rather like a hippo. Its extinction may have been caused by the extreme drought conditions, as well as pressure from the first Aboriginal Australians.

References

Other websites

Australia's lost kingdom on Diprotodon optatum
Regional Council of Goyder page on the genera 
Museum Victoria on the Diprotodontids 
Description of Price's research

Fossils
Marsupials of Australia
Tahlequah (Pronounced "Tal a Kwa") is the county seat of Cherokee County, Oklahoma, United States. It is at the foot hills of the Ozark Mountains. Tahlequah is also home to Northeastern State University.

References 

County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
The Russo-Japanese War was a war between the Japanese Empire and the Russian Empire. It started in 1904 and ended in 1905. The Japanese won the war, and the Russians lost.

The war happened because the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire disagreed over who should get parts of Manchuria and Korea. It was fought mostly on the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden, the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. The politics of the two countries in the war were very complicated, but both wanted to gain land and economic benefits.
The Chinese Empire of the Qing Dynasty was large but weak, and it was Qing land and possessions they fought over. For example Korea was under Qing rule, but was seized by Japan. The Russians wanted a 'warm-water port' on the Pacific Ocean for their navy and trade. The harbour at Vladivostok freezes over in the winter, but Port Arthur (now part of Dalian on the Liaodong Peninsula in China) can be used all the time. Russia had already rented the port from the Qing and had got their permission to build a Trans-Siberian railway from St Petersburg to Port Arthur.

Causes of the Russo-Japanese War 
Russia wanted a warm-water Pacific Ocean port for trade and its navy. Japan wanted to expand her empire into Korea and China. Japan thought that when Russia completed its railway in 1906, it would be able to beat Japan in a war by being able to supply large numbers of troops there.
To avoid war, Japan wanted to compromise with Russia even if it got the better deal.  Japan wanted more of Korea and China than it thought Russia would offer.  Japan decided to attack before the railway was ready to help Russia fight a war.

The war started with a Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur and continued with Japanese victories in Manchuria and elsewhere. The last major battle was at Tsushima Strait and destroyed the Russian Navy.
Peace treaty and aftermath 
United States President Theodore Roosevelt helped Russia and Japan make peace after the war. He won a Nobel Prize for this. Russia had to give up all influence in the Far East. The Russian people were very angry at the government and at czar Nicholas II for not continuing the war because everyone was sure that Russia could have won. This is true because Japan was completely broke and she would have suffered an economic crisis after just a few more months of fighting.  Russia's army was also much stronger than Japan's and had very large reserves to replace the soldiers she lost.  Japan had no more men with military training to replace her losses and no money to give new men training.
The Japanese got Port Arthur and the Russian railway in Manchuria. Five years later, in 1910, Japan took over Korea. Japan would continue to grow its empire in Asia until World War II. The Russian defeat was one of the reasons for the Russian Army's great improvement after 1904, which helped start the European arms race that was a cause of World War I. The war also contributed to the Russian Revolution and to the Russian Civil War in 1917. Vladimir Lenin, who helped start the revolution, wanted Russia to lose the war since that showed that the tsar was losing power.

References
References

Further reading
 Asakawa, Kanichi. (1905). The Russo-Japanese Conflict: Its Causes and Issues. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. OCLC 2418247; reprinted by Kennikat Press, Port Washington, New York, 1970.
 Koda, Yoji.  "The Russo-Japanese War: Primary Causes of Japanese Success,"  Naval War College Review (Spring 2005)
 Mutsu, Munemitsu. (1982). Kenkenroku (trans. Gordon Mark Berger). Tokyo: University of Toyko Press. ;  OCLC 252084846
 Nish, Ian, ed. The Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5 Folkestone, Kent : Global Oriental.  ;  OCLC 56955351

Wars involving Russia
Wars involving Japan
20th century in Russia
20th century in Japan
1900s conflicts
Goodison Park is the stadium of the English football club Everton FC and is in the heart of the City of Liverpool. Everton FC is one of the founder members of the football league and holds the record as the longest serving football club in the top tier of English Football. 

Football stadiums in England
Buildings and structures in Liverpool
WikiLeaks is a non-profit organization which uses its website to publish governmental, private data, corporate or religious documents that had previously been secret. The website was started in 2006 by Julian Assange. It had over 1.2 million documents in its database by the time one year had passed.  Usually, it does not give out the names and addresses of people who post documents. The site is based in Sweden. Though its name is similar to Wikipedia, it is not related to Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation. The name was chosen because WikiLeaks used a wiki model at first, where people could edit the site, but it has since changed and is no longer open for editing.

History
In July 2010, WikiLeaks was in the news for publishing over 76,900 documents related to the War in Afghanistan. In October that same year, WikiLeaks posted almost 400,000 documents that were about the War in Iraq.
This was the largest ever leak of documents about the US Army. It reported mainly on deaths of civilians, soldiers, and sightings of homemade bombs or armed civilians.

On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and five major newspapers - from Spain (El País), France (Le Monde), Germany (Der Spiegel), the United Kingdom (The Guardian), and the United States (The New York Times) - all began to publish the first 291 of 251,287 confidential diplomatic cables from 274 embassies dated from 1966–2010. WikiLeaks plans to release all of the cables in phases over several months.

This leak was widely covered by the international media, as many of the leaks contained information that affected countries other than the United States. Some leaks were published by other news organizations like Fairfax Media.  White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said that an "open and transparent government is something that the President believes is truly important. But the stealing of classified information and its dissemination is a crime".
In August 2016, WikiLeaks posted more than 20,000 emails from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) that showed they tried to undermine Bernie Sanders.

Related pages
 Cryptography

References

Other websites 

 WikiLeaks Fan Club
 WikiLeaksNews.org (An unofficial WikiLeaks news resource & social network)

Websites established in 2006
Non-profit organizations of Europe
Controversies
Organizations based in Sweden
Eugowra is a town in the central west of New South Wales, Australia.  The town is placed  west of the state capital, Sydney.  In 2006,  535 people lived in Eugowra.

The word "Eugowra" comes from an Australian aboriginal word meaning "the place where the sand washes down the hill". The first people to live in the Eugowra area were the Wiradjuri people. Europeans first began exploring the area in 1815. John Oxley went through the area on his trip to explore the inland of NSW in 1817.  Farming began at Eugowra station (farm) in 1834.
The town was started in the 1860s on the site of the farm. This was where the track for people going to the Lachlan gold fields crossed the Mandagery Creek. A bridge was built over the creek, and then the John Bull Hotel (later the Fat Lamb Hotel) was built next to it. In 1881, the town was laid out and a police station, courthouse and school were built. The creek has flooded many times; in 2005 it had a flood peak of . This cut the town in two, and water flowed through many buildings and houses.

The Gold Escort robbery
Australia's biggest gold robbery took place near Eugowra.  The bushrangers, Frank Gardiner, Ben Hall and their gang robbed the Forbes to Orange Ford and Company coach on 15 June, 1862.  The bushrangers stole  of gold and £3,700 in cash. The value in 2008 money is about A$4 million. The site of the robbery was a gully  north of Eugowra, known as Eugowra Rocks. Coaches and wagons had to slow down to get around a steep gully which went down to Mandagery Creek. They also had to get past many large granite rocks. One of these rocks was called "Coonbong" (dead man) by the Wiradjuri people. Gardiner’s gang stopped two bullock wagons and left them in the middle of the road. When the gold escort coach arrived it had to slow right down and try to get past the wagons. The bushrangers, hidden behind the rocks, fired their guns at the coach. The coach driver and two policemen were wounded. One policeman had been shot in the testicles. The horses reared up and the coach was tipped on its side
. One policemen assisted the wounded and they escaped into the bush. They went towards the Eugowra homestead for help. The other policeman went back down the road to a small hotel, Lyell's Shanty.
The bushrangers took the gold and money. They put it onto the back of one of the coach horses. They went back to their horses which had been hidden up the hill. They escaped into the bush and stopped at the southern end of Noble’s Lagoon to share out the bags of gold. They went to Mount Wheogo, north of the Weddin Mountains, where Gardiner had his camp.

A local farmer, Hanbury Clements, heard the gun shots and went to find out what was going on. He found the wounded men and helped them back to the farm house. He got on to his horse and rode the  to Forbes in the dark in less than three hours to report the robbery. The police arrived quickly, and with the help of an aboriginal tracker, Jimmy Dargan, they were soon following the bushrangers. Gardiner’s camp at Wheogo had a good view of the country. John "the Warrigal Walsh", (the brother of Ben Hall's wife), warned the bushrangers that the police were coming and the gang got away.
Most of the gold was still loaded on the back of the very tired coach horse. The bushrangers finally had to leave the horse in the foothills of the Weddin Mountains. They only took the money with them. The police got most of the gold back. Only Ben Hall and Frank Gardiner's share of the gold was not found.

What happened to the Gardiner gang?
Frank Gardiner went to Queensland and was eventually caught. He went to gaol. Released after 8 years, he was exiled (forced to leave Australia). He went to the USA where he died about 1904.
 Ben Hall was arrested for the robbery, but Dan Charters would not give evidence that Hall was part of the gang. Hall set up his own gang and continued to be a bushranger. He was shot dead by police, west of Forbes, on 5th May, 1865. He is buried in the Forbes cemetery.
 John Gilbert stayed with Ben Hall. He was shot dead by police near Murrumburrah, on 13 May 1865. He is buried in the police paddock at Binalong, New South Wales.
 Johnny O'Meally stayed with Ben Hall. Shot dead during a robbery in November 1863. He is buried near the Anglican church at Gooloogong, New South Wales.
 Dan Charters gave himself up to the police on August 14, 1862. He was give a free pardon in return for information about the robbery. He worked as a horse breaker for the police. He died in 1919 and is buried at Grenfell, New South Wales.
Henry Manns, was captured by the police. He was hanged on March 26, 1863. He is buried at Campbelltown, New South Wales.
 Johnny Bow, captured and sent to gaol for life. He was later released and died near Condobolin, New South Wales.
 Alex Fordyce was captured and sent to gaol for life, but later released.
 John Maguire was arrested for having gold from the robbery. He died in Junee, New South Wales, in 1915.
 John "the Warrigal" Walsh was never proved to be a gang member.
Eugowra today
Today, the town has a supermarket, two hotels, a newsagent, a butcher and golf and bowling clubs. There is also farm supplies, a lucerne plant and a sawmill.  Eugowra is famous for its granite. More than 2000 slabs of granite were used in the new Parliament House, Canberra in Canberra.

References

Other websites
 Eugowra web site 

Towns in New South Wales
Californication is the seventh studio album by American alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. It was released on June 8, 1999 on record label Warner Bros. Records. The producer was Rick Rubin. On Californication,  John Frusciante returned to Red Hot Chili Peppers. He had appeared on Mother's Milk and Blood Sugar Sex Magik, but Dave Navarro was the guitarist on the band's last album, One Hot Minute. The band's sound was very different because of Frusciante's return.

References

1999 albums
Red Hot Chili Peppers albums
Dan Kelly (1 June 1861 – 28 June 1880) was an Australian bushranger and outlaw. The son of an Irish convict, he was the youngest brother of bushranger Ned Kelly. Dan and his brother killed three policemen. With two friends, they formed the Kelly Gang. Dan Kelly died during the famous siege of Glenrowan.

More books have been written about the Kelly Gang than any other subject in Australian history. The Kelly Gang were the subject of the world's first full-length feature movie, The Story of the Kelly Gang, made in 1906. They robbed banks, took over whole towns, and kept the people in Victoria and New South Wales frightened. For two years the Victorian police searched for them and locked up their friends and families, but could not find them.

Early life
 
Dan Kelly's father, John "Red" Kelly, was an Irishman, a convict who had been sent to Van Diemen's Land in 1842. He would have been kept in the convict gaol at Port Arthur.
In 1848, after his time in gaol, Red Kelly moved to Victoria, and began working as a farmer around Beveridge. There he built a simple wooden house. The house in Kelly Street is still standing. The original three rooms have been added to over the years, and the house now has 11 rooms.

Red married an Irish girl, Ellen Quinn, in Melbourne in 1850. They had seven children: Annie (1853), Edward "Ned" (1854), Maggie (1856), Jim (1859), Dan (1861), Kate (1862) and Grace (1863).
Greta
In 1864, Dan Kelly's family moved north to a farm at Avenel. Red Kelly stole a calf and was sent to gaol for six months. Dan was in trouble with the police when he was five years old because they believed he had stolen a horse. Dan's father died in 1866, and in 1867, his mother, Ellen Kelly, moved the family to a small farm near Greta in north east Victoria. Ellen Kelly's two sisters, Catherine and Jane Lloyd, were living at Greta, and her two brothers, John and James Quinn, had moved to the area in 1864. The Quinn family were well known to the police. Dan Kelly was again in trouble with the law when he was only 10 years old. He and his brother Jim, aged 12, were arrested by Constable Flood for riding a horse that did not belong to them. Jim was working for a local farmer and had taken the horse to ride home on. Flood did not believe them, and the boys were forced to spend two nights in a prison cell.
On 15 April 1878, Constable Fitzpatrick, went to the Kelly's house to arrest Dan Kelly for stealing horses. Dan had been seen in Chiltern riding a stolen horse. What happened at the house is now called the "Fitzpatrick incident". There was a fight with Fitzpatrick, and he said the Kelly family had tried to kill him. Dan and Ned went into the bush to hide. Ellen Kelly was sent to gaol for three years for attempted murder. Maggie's husband, William Skillion, and a neighbour, William Williamson, were sent to gaol for six years.

The Kelly Gang
Ned and Dan Kelly went into the bush to a place in the Wombat Ranges. Dan Kelly had built a small hut some time earlier on Bullock Creek, where he had cleared an area of about  to keep horses. He had also built a small still for making alcohol. The brothers spent their time searching for gold in the creek.
During the months they were hiding at Bullock Creek, they were often visited by their friends including Steve Hart, Joe Byrne, Aaron Sherritt and the Lloyds. The police took the charge of attempted murder very seriously. A reward of £100 was offered for the capture of the two Kelly boys. The police thought the brothers were hiding in the Wombat Ranges. In October 1878, they sent two search groups out to find them. One group travelled south from Greta, and the other started from Mansfield and travelled north.

Stringybark Creek
Stringybark Creek

The Mansfield group was led by Sergeant Michael Kennedy, with three policemen; Constables Thomas McIntyre, Thomas Lonigan, and Michael Scanlon. They set up a camp at Stringybark Creek in a thick forest area. Kennedy and Scanlon went searching for the Kellys, while Lonigan and McIntyre remained at the camp. The Kellys were living in a hut close by at Bullock Creek. They heard noises and discovered the police camp. They decided to capture the policemen and take their guns and horses. Ned and Dan, and friends Joe Byrne and Steve Hart, went to the police camp and told them to surrender.
Outlaws
The Victorian government passed a law on 30 October 1878, making the Kelly Gang outlaws; they no longer had any legal rights. They could be shot by anyone, at any time, without warning. Anyone who could capture one of the Gang, alive or dead, would be paid a reward of £500, or £2,000 for the four men. The bushrangers were seen at several places around north east Victoria. They had tried to cross the Murray River into New South Wales, but the water was too deep. The police had several large groups hunting for them. On 10 December, the Kelly Gang robbed the bank at Euroa. In February 1879, they went to Jerilderie, New South Wales. They locked the town's policemen in the police station cells, and kept many people prisoner in the Royal Mail Hotel for three days. Dan Kelly and Steve Hart kept the people in the hotel, while Ned Kelly and Joe Byrne robbed the bank. After the bank robberies, the reward was increased to £2,000 for each man, or the larger amount of £8,000 for the Gang.
Over the next 18 months many policemen were sent to north-east Victoria to search for the Kelly Gang. The police could not find the bushrangers because they were badly led and they did not know how to live in the bush.  However the Kellys were experts in living in the bush and they had the support of the local people.
In June 1880, the Kelly Gang came out of hiding. They knew that Joe Byrne's friend, Aaron Sherritt, had been giving information to the police. Four policemen were living at Sherritt's house, near Beechworth, to protect him. Dan Kelly and Byrne went to Sherritt's house late at night and knocked on the door. When Sherritt opened the door, Byrne shot him dead. The policemen were hiding under the bed. Kelly and Byrne rode quickly back to Glenrowan where Ned Kelly and Hart had forced many of the town people into a hotel, the Glenrowan Inn. They also had forced railway workers to pull up the train tracks. They knew that more police would be sent by train to Beechworth to find them. They wanted the train to crash when it reached the place where tracks had been removed near Glenrowan. The bushrangers, wearing homemade armour, would then capture any of the policemen that were alive after the crash. With the police out of the way, the Kelly Gang would then go into Benalla and rob the bank
. The captured police would be released when Ellen Kelly, William Williamson, and William Skillion, were let out of gaol.
The plan did not work because the four policemen did not come out of Sherritt's house until the next morning. This meant that the news of the murder did not reach Melbourne as quickly as the Kelly Gang had hoped. The people held prisoner in the hotel became restless. Ned organised music and Dan joined in dancing to keep the people in the hotel entertained. Dan also organised some sporting games including long jump and hop, step and jump. Dan wanted to leave Glenrowan when they knew the plan was not going to work because the train was late. Ned Kelly let Thomas Curnow, the school teacher, go home to his wife. Dan told his brother not to trust Curnow, and to keep him at the hotel. Instead of going home, Curnow went to the railway and about 3.00am he was able to stop the train before it reached the broken rails. The police quickly left the train and placed themselves around the hotel so that the Kelly Gang was trapped inside.

Glenrowan
Glenrowan

When the bushrangers heard the train pull into the station, they knew their plan to destroy the train had failed. They put on their suits of armour and went on to the verandah of the hotel to wait for the police. In the first few shots, police Superintendent Hare, Ned Kelly and Joe Byrne were wounded, and Jack Jones, son of the hotel owner was killed. Ned Kelly, who was dressed in his armour, was able to leave the hotel and kept shooting at the police. The police fired their guns into the hotel building for seven hours. It is estimated that 15,000 bullets were fired during the shooting. Byrne died after being shot in the groin. Ned Kelly went back to the hotel but could not find Dan or Steve Hart who were hiding in a back room. He again left and tried to find his horse. Ned Kelly was shot in the legs as he searched outside for his brother. The police were then easily able to capture him.
After Glenrowan, Dan Kelly and Steve Hart's armour was taken by the police and kept at Benalla. Ned Kelly's armour was sent to Melbourne to be used at his trial. Joe Byrne's armour was sent to the police depot in Richmond. At the end of 1880, all the pieces were in Melbourne. One set of armour was given to Sir William Clarke. Over the years the pieces became mixed up. In 2002, the State Library of Victoria and the police exchanged some pieces to try and get the sets complete. The State Library has Ned's armour, Joe's is still owned by the Clarke family, and the police have Dan and Steve's armour which can be seen at the Victoria Police Museum in Melbourne Australia.

Dan Kelly after Glenrowan
Because it was not possible to prove how they died, or that the bodies were really Dan and Steve, there have been many stories about what might have happened. It is possible they may have killed themselves. This was the story that was used in the first Kelly movie, The Story of the Kelly Gang in 1906, and in the 2003 Ned Kelly movie. There have also been stories that both survived the fire. There is little evidence to support these claims. One man, James Ryan, said he was Dan Kelly. In 1934 he went on stage at the Brisbane Exhibition and told stories about the Kelly Gang. He died on 29 July 1948, after being struck by a train. The Ipswich City Council have put a memorial on his grave. In 2001, scientists took a small piece of bone from the grave of Charles Devine Tindall at Toowoomba, Queensland, to see if they could find DNA to prove he was Dan Kelly. Devine, who had burn scars on his body, told his family he was really Dan
. He said he had hidden under the floor of the Glenrowan hotel and escaped after the fire. In October 1902, a Melbourne newspaper printed a story that Dan Kelly and Steve Hart were living in South Africa. The men had fought in the Second Boer War. Another man, Jim Davis from Darra (a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland), said in 1938 that he was Dan Kelly. He claimed that he, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne had escaped from the hotel. He also said he was born at the Eureka Stockade in 1854, which makes him too old to have really been Dan.
The story of Dan and Ned Kelly has been told many times. There have been more books written about the Kelly Gang than any other event in Australian history. The very first full-length movie in the world, made in 1906, was The Story of the Kelly Gang. In the 2003 Ned Kelly movie starring Heath Ledger as Ned Kelly, the part of Dan Kelly was played by Laurence Kinlan. Orlando Bloom played the part of Joe Byrne.

In 2012 a pistol was put up for sale which had "1876 DAN KELLY" carved into it. A pistol was known to have been found at Glenrowan after the siege but it is now lost. The pistol being sold was found on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River in 1900. It is a muzzle load single shot pistol made for the East India Company Cavalry.

References
References

Other websites
The Ned Kelly Trail  - has many photographs of Ned Kelly linked places and items.
Photograph of Dan Kelly at the State Library of Victoria
Bill Denheld's website on Stringybark Creek, with maps and photos
Photograph of the Glenrowan Inn 
Photograph of Dan Kelly and Steve Hart's armour 
Photograph of Dan Kelly's body after the fire 
Photos of the archaeological dig at Glenrowan in 2008 

1861 births
1880 deaths
Australian murderers
Bushrangers
Ned Kelly
People from Victoria (Australia)
By the Way is the eighth studio album by American alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. It was released on July 9, 2002 by record label  Warner Bros. Records. It sold over 282,000 copies in the first week, and reached the number two position on the Billboard 200 chart. The singles from the album were "By the Way", "The Zephyr Song", "Can't Stop", "Dosed" and "Universally Speaking". The lyrics on the album were about different things to past Red Hot Chili Peppers albums. However, some critics thought it was similar to the previous album, Californication, but more a bit more serious.

References 

2002 albums
Red Hot Chili Peppers albums
Stadium Arcadium is the ninth studio album by American alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. It was released on May 9, 2006 by record label Warner Bros. Records. It sold 442,000 copies in the U.S. in the first week. It also appeared in the number one position on the Billboard 200 chart. According to Anthony Kiedis, Stadium Arcadium was going to be three different albums that the band would release; one every six months. However, they changed their mind and made one big double album. Critics said in reviews of Stadium Arcadium that the music on it was not very original, and was similar to the band's older work. However, they said it was still very good music. Stadium Arcadium won a Grammy Award, and so did "Dani California", the first single.

References 

2006 albums
Red Hot Chili Peppers albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
KSpread is a free software spreadsheet program that is part of KOffice, an office suite for the KDE Desktop Environment.

Among KSpread features are multiple sheets per document, assorted formatting possibilities, support for more than 100 built-in functions, templates, chart, spell-check, hyperlinks, data sorting and scripting with Python, Ruby and Javascript.

KSpread native format is XML, compressed with ZIP. However, KSpread has the ability to import several different spreadsheet formats, including those from Microsoft Excel, Applix Spreadsheet, Quattro Pro, CSV and OpenOffice.org Calc.

Related pages
KOffice

Other websites 
KSpread homepage 
The KSpread Handbook
KSpread Screenshots 
FOSS spreadsheet hands-on comparison by Bruce Byfield 

KOffice
Spreadsheet software
Nanterre is a town in the west suburbs of Paris, France. Nanterre is the prefecture (capital) of the Hauts-de-Seine département and is in the Île-de-France region. Its population is about 84,000 (March 8, 1999 census). Its density is about 7,200/km². 

Eastern Nanterre, contains a part of the La Défense business district of Paris and some of the tallest buildings in Paris. The city of Nanterre also includes the University called Paris X – Nanterre, and its one of the largest in the Paris region.

Twin towns 
  Novgorod, Russia
  Watford, United Kingdom

Communes in Hauts-de-Seine
Departmental capitals in France
Créteil is a city in the southeast suburb of Paris, France. It is the prefecture of the Val-de-Marne department in the Île-de-France region.

Twin towns
Créteil is twinned with:

  Falkirk, Scotland
  Kiryat Yam, Israel
  Salzgitter, Germany
  Les Abymes, France
  Mataró, Spain
  Bejaia, Algeria

Communes in Val-de-Marne
Departmental capitals in France
Although iWork is called "a successor to AppleWorks" by Apple, it does not have the functions of AppleWorks's database and drawing tools. Also, it does not compete directly with the Mac version of Microsoft Office, but instead offers tools with a different focus (presentation, rather than analysis) at a lower price. It is made to integrate with other applications from Apple's iLife Suite. Although iLife comes free on every Mac, iWork is sold separately. From February to March 2008, a free 30-day trial of iWork was installed on every new Mac bought during that time, but now the trial must be downloaded from online. It is still given with copies of iLife. It was later sold for $19.99 per app on OS X and $9.99 per app on iOS. In October 2013 Apple announced that all iOS and OS X devices purchased onwards, whether new or refurbished, were eligible for a free download of all three iWork apps. iWork for iCloud, which also incorporates a document hosting service, is free to all holders of an iCloud account
. iWork was released as freeware for macOS and iOS in April 2017. In September 2016, Apple announced that the real-time collaboration feature would be available for all iWork apps.
History

iWork '05
iWork '05 was launched on January 11, 2005 and had the new version 2 of Keynote and the first release of Pages. Before it was released, what would become iWork was said to be an add-on, upgrade, or new release of AppleWorks.

iWork '06
On January 10, 2006, Apple introduced iWork '06 at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco, which upgraded Pages to version 2 and Keynote to version 3. New features common to both applications included 3D charts, tables with formula support, reviewer comments, and shaped image masking. The addition of tables with formula support may have been added to quiet rumors of an Apple spreadsheet application. Since iWork's focus is on presentation, Apple gave a way to put most common spreadsheet features into a table while providing only limited additional functionality.
iWork '08 
iWork '08 was announced on August 7, 2007 at a special event at Apple's Cupertino campus. New versions of Pages and Keynote were introduced, as was a new spreadsheet application, Numbers. Despite this, hard disk space requirements were reduced from 1.85 GB in iWork '06 to 690 MB in iWork '08. iWork '08 was the end of AppleWorks which was not sold anymore a week later. iWork 08 drops support for Mac OS X v10.3 'Panther'.

Related pages
Office suite
Keynote (software)

References

IWork
Office suites
Apple software
KPresenter is a free presentation program that is part of KOffice, an office suite for the KDE Desktop Environment.

KPresenter's native format is XML, compressed with ZIP. KPresenter is also able to load presentations from Microsoft PowerPoint, MagicPoint and OpenOffice.org Impress documents.

Related pages
KOffice

References

Other websites 
KPresenter homepage 

KOffice
Presentation software
Aulnay-sous-Bois is a town and commune in the northeast suburb of Paris, France. It is in the Île-de-France region and the Seine-Saint-Denis department. About 80,000 people lived there in  1999. The people who live there are called the Aulnaysiens.

In October and November 2005, it was badly affected by riots.

Communes in Seine-Saint-Denis
Vitry-sur-Seine is a town and commune in the southeast suburb of Paris, France. It is in the Île-de-France region and the Val-de-Marne department. About 79,000 people lived there in 1999.

Twin towns 
  Burnley (UK), since 1958 until 1974 and since 1995
  Kladno (Czech Republic), since 1966
  Meissen (Germany), since 1973

Communes in Val-de-Marne
The Distrito Nacional is a subdivision of the Dominican Republic enclosing the capital Santo Domingo, so it is not in any of the provinces. It is a municipality but, in some aspects, it is like a province; for example, it elects one senator to the congress.

Before 16 October 2001, the Distrito Nacional was much larger, including what is now the Santo Domingo Province.

Location
The Distrito Nacional ("National District") is in the south coast of the country. It has the Santo Domingo province to the north, east and west, and the Caribbean Sea to the south.

History
The Distrito Nacional was created by the Dominican constitution of 1844 as a province: the Santo Domingo province (different from the modern province of the same name). It had the municipalities of Santo Domingo, Baní, San Cristóbal, San José de Los Llanos, Monte Plata, Bayaguana and Boyá.
In 1932, its name was changed to Provincia Nacional and all municipalities that were to the north of the Isabela and Ozama rivers became part of the San Cristóbal province.

In 1934, the name was changed to Distrito Nacional and, instead of a province, it became like a municipality. The name was changed again to Distrito de Santo Domingo but the 1955 constitution changed it back to Distrito Nacional.

Population
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the Distrito Nacional, second only to the Santo Domingo province. The population density was  persons/km², the highest density in the country.

Its population represents  of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 2nd (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated administrative division.

, the total estimated propulation of the province is 1,015,150 inhabitants.