Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
One Night Eight Man Tag Team Tournament (1994) (with Gran Hamada, Shinjiro Otani and El Samurai)
Junior Heavyweight Super Grade Tag League (1996) (with Black Tiger II)
Osaka Pro Wrestling
Osaka Pro Wrestling Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Asian Cooger)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #23 of the best 500 singles wrestlers by PWI in the PWI 500 in both 1996 and 1997.
He was ranked #92 of the 500 best singles wrestlers by PWI during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
Universal Wrestling Association/Universal Wrestling Federation
UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Gran Hamada (one) and Sasuke the Great (one))
WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (two times)
World Wrestling Association
WWA World Middleweight Championship (one time)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
5 Star Match (1994) (vs. Wild Pegasus at Super J Cup)
5 Star Match (1994) (vs. Jushin Liger on July 8)
Best Flying Wrestler (1994)
Best Wrestling Maneuver (1994) (The Sasuke Special)
References

Other websites
The Great Sasuke's Michinoku Pro Wrestling profile
Great Sasuke  on Online World of Wrestling

1969 births
Former WWE wrestlers
Japanese professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Iwate Prefecture
In a society, certain people may have ideas that are noticeably different from those of the majority. These people are sometimes called hat the majority (for example, the state or a religious group) recognises that their ideas are different. Very often, they also want autonomy, self-determination, and perhaps secession and independence from the main group. People may support separatism because they are of a different culture, ethnicity, religion, race or gender than the majority. It may also be because they have different ideas about governing, laws or religion.

Types of separatism

Ethnicity
Ethnic separatism is based more on differences in culture and language than religious or racial differences. These may also may exist, however.
Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia
South Ossetia and Abkhazia separated from Georgia.
Armenian separatists of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan.

Religion
Religion

Religious separatist groups and sects want to withdraw from some larger religious groups.
In the 16th and 17th century, certain people in Great Britain wanted to become independent of the Church of England. 
The separation of beliefs and/or practices is often followed by a migration. The dissident group may fear sanctions for heresy if they stay in their original homeland.

Physical separation of different religions 

The Partition of British India into the modern-day countries of India, Pakistan,  Bangladesh and Myanmar (which was called Burma at the time). In India, most people are Hindu, in Pakistan, Islam is the state religion. In Bangladesh most people are Muslim. In Myanmar most are Buddhist. 
The Partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into Jewish and Arab nations. This has led to separatism between the Jewish nation (Israel) and the Arab nations (Jordan and the Palestinian territories).
Race
Racial separatists are against their members marrying with other races. They want separate schools, businesses, churches and other institutions or even separate societies, territories and governments.
Black separatism is the idea to create separate institutions for black people in the United States
There were two wars in South Africa, where the Boer wanted to form an independent state: The First Boer War and the Second Boer War

Gender
Gender-based separatism includes:
Separatist feminism is a form of feminism

Related pages
 Segregation, forced separation
 List of unrecognized countries
 Separatist movements of India
 Separatist movements of Pakistan
 Minority rights
 Nationalism

References

Sociology
Ugni is a genus of plants of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). Four species belong to this genus, all from western America.

Description

They are small evergreen shrubs. The leaves are simple, entire, opposite, elliptical; they are 1–2 cm long and 0.2-2.5 cm broad, dark green, and with a spicy scent if broken into many small pieces.

The solitary flowers are usually hanging; they are 1–2 cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and many short stamens. The fruit is a small red or purple berry, 1 cm in diameter, with many seeds.

Name
The name comes from Uñi with which the Mapuches (native people from south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina) name the fruits of the best known species of the genus, Ugni molinae.

The genus was formerly often included in either Myrtus or Eugenia; it is distinguished from these two genera by the hanging flowers with stamens shorter than the petals.

The Russian botanist Nicolai Stepanowitsch Turczaninow created the genus Ugni in 1849.
Where it grows
All species of this genus are found in western South and Central America, native from southern Mexico to central southern Chile and Argentina.

Species
There are four species in this genus:'
 Ugni candollei (Barnéoud) O.Berg: Chile
 Ugni molinaeTurcz.: Chile and Argentina
 Ugni myricoides (Kunth) O.Berg: Southern Mexico, Central America to Bolivia, Venezuela and northern Brazil
 Ugni selkirkii (Hook. & Arn.) O.Berg: Endemic species of the Juan Fernández Islands, Chile

Uses
Ugni molinae is grown as an ornamental plant and for its edible fruits; these fruits are also used to make jams.

References

Other websites

 Ugni in Encyclopedia of the Chilean Flora
 Ugni molinae at ChileBosque 
 Flora of Chile: Ugni
 Trees and shrubs of Ecuador: Ugni

Shrubs
Myrtaceae
The Bell X-1 is a famous US jet aircraft. It was the first aircraft in the world that reach a speed of Mach 1 in level flight. It was the October 14th 1947. Its pilot was Chuck Yeager.

X-1
United States Army aircraft
United States Air Force aircraft
The Bell P-63 Kingcobra is a US fighter aircraft of World War II. It is a modernized variant of the P-39 Aircobra. Refused by the USA and UK, it was used by Free France and the USSR as a fighter-bomber. After the war some were used by Honduras. More than 3300 examples were built between 1943 and 1945.

References

P-63
World War II American aircraft
United States military aircraft
The Curtiss C-46 Commando is an American cargo aircraft. It was mainly used by US Army Air Force and US Navy for the World War II and after the Korean War. It was called R5C-1 by US Navy. After 1945 many were sold to airlines across the world. It's often confused with the Douglas C-47 Skytrain.

References

World War II American aircraft
United States Air Force aircraft
United States Army aircraft
United States Navy aircraft
Civil aircraft
The Dassault Super Mirage 4000 is a prototype of a fighter aircraft. It was built in France by Dassault Aviation to compete McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle and Panavia Tornado. Its first flight was in 1979, but it was refused by the French Air Force. Since 1995 it is at the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, near Paris.

Super Mirage 4000
French military aircraft
The Dassault Falcon 20 is a French twin-turbojet aircraft. It was the first business jet built in France. It can carry two pilots and between eight and twelve passengers.

Militaries variant 

The United States Coast Guard uses a special variant for search and rescue and reconnaissance called HU-25 Guardian. A similar aircraft is used by French Navy as Gardian for operations in Overseas France. 

United States Coast Guard aircraft
Falcon 20
French military aircraft
The Dassault Falcon 10 is a French light business jet. It's a shorter variant of the Falcon 20. Between 1973 and 1985 a total of 212 examples were built. Some are used by French Navy as training aircrafts.

Civil aircraft
Falcon 10
French military aircraft
The Gloster Gladiator is a biplane fighter aircraft of the World War II. It was built in UK and used by Royal Air Force, especially in Malta. Sea Gladiator was a variant, built for operations from an aircraft carrier, and used by Fleet Air Arm. Belgium, Finland, and Norway also used it. It was the last biplane fighter in service in UK.

Royal Air Force aircraft
World War II British aircraft
The Leduc 0.10 is an experimental jet aircraft. Built in France, it was the first aircraft in the world to fly powered just by a ramjet. It was built in 1947. In 2013 it is at the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace.

French aircraft
The Duke of Norfolk is an aristocrat or peer in the United Kingdom. He is Earl Marshal in the House of Lords. He has a family home at Arundel Castle in West Sussex. His family have long been Catholic. They paid for the building of Arundel Cathedral. The title dates to 1397. As of 2013 the holder of the title is the 18th Duke, Edward Fitzalan-Howard. He took the title in 2002.

British Dukes and Duchesses
The McDonnell FH Phantom was one of the first U.S. jet fighters. It was used by the US Navy and US Marines Corps from aircraft carriers between 1947 and 1954. Mc Donnell F2H Banshee is a modernized variant.

United States Marine Corps aircraft
United States Navy aircraft
Arundel Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church in West Sussex in Southern England. It was built in 1868. It is dedicated to Our Lady and Saint Philip Howard, the 20th Earl of Arundel, who died in the Tower of London under Queen Elizabeth I.

Other websites
Cathedral website

Cathedrals in England
Roman Catholic churches
Buildings and structures in West Sussex
Kensuke Shinzaki (born December 2, 1966) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is better known under the ring names, Jinsei Shinzaki and Hakushi.

Career
He started in Gran Hamada's Universal Lucha Libre promotion where he competed under the name Mongolian Yuga.

He competed in the World Wrestling Federation in 1995 where he portrayed a Japanese villain named Hakushi (White Messenger). He debuted in a match against a young Matt Hardy which Hakushi won.

He gained victories over Aldo Montoya and 1-2-3 Kid. He embarked on a short feud with Bret Hart and also competed in the 1996 Royal Rumble but was eliminated by Bret's brother, Owen Hart.

During a match against Justin "Hawk" Bradshaw, Bradshaw hit Hakushi with a branding iron after Bradshaw defeated him and Hakushi  had been so humiliated by the branding that he (kayfabe) left the WWF.
After he left the WWF, he competed in a tag team match at Extreme Championship Wrestling's 1998 ECW Heat Wave with Hayabusa for the ECW World Tag Team Championships against Rob Van Dam and Sabu.

Shinzaki owned a restaurant in Japan but his restaurant along with his house were destroyed in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and he was forced to live in his car.

Championships
 All Japan Pro Wrestling
 AJPW All Asia Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Hayabusa)
 Michinoku Pro Wrestling
 Tohoku Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Último Dragón (one) and Gaina (two))
 Futaritabi Tag Tournament (1994) (with Super Delfin)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 He was ranked #209 of the 500 best singles wrestlers by PWI during the "PWI Years" in 2003.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Michinoku Pro Wrestling profile

1966 births
Former WWE wrestlers
Japanese professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Tokushima Prefecture
Arundel is a small town on the River Arun in West Sussex, England. It is the site of Arundel Castle, the seat of the Duke of Norfolk, and the Catholic Arundel Cathedral. It is 10 miles east of Chichester.

Other websites
Arundel

Towns in West Sussex
A flower pot is a container in which flowers and other plants are grown. They are traditionally made from terracotta, but are now often also made from plastic, wood or stone. The flower pot is filled with soil and have a plant planted in them. Often there are holes in the bottom, to allow water to flow out, sometimes into a saucer that is placed under the flowerpot. If the plant becomes too big for the pot, it is moved to a bigger one.

Gardening
Containers
Bernadette Lafont (28 October 1938 – 25 July 2013) was a French actress.

Lafont won the César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her role in An Impudent Girl (L'Effrontée) in 1985. For her long service to the French motion picture industry, in 2003 she was awarded an Honorary César.

Lafont was born on 28 October 1938 in Nîmes, Gard, France. She has been married to Gérard Blain from 1957 until they divorced in 1959. Then she was married to Diourka Medveczky until they divorced. She had a daughter, actress Pauline Lafont (1963-1988). Lafont died on 25 July 2013 in Nîmes, Gard, France from cardiac arrest, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 
 

1938 births
2013 deaths
People from Nîmes
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
French voice actors
Virginia Eshelman Johnson (February 11, 1925 – July 24, 2013) was an American sexologist and psychologist, best known as the junior member of the Masters and Johnson sexuality research team.

Johnson was born on February 11, 1925 in Springfield, Missouri. She studied at Drury University.

Johnson divorced her first husband, with whom she had had two children – Scott Forstall and Lisa Evans – in 1956. Then she was married to William H. Masters from 1971 until they divorced in 1992. Johnson died on July 24, 2013 in St. Louis, Missouri from an illness, aged 88.

References

1925 births
2013 deaths
Academics from Missouri
American physicians
American psychologists
People from Springfield, Missouri
Scientists from Missouri
American sexologists
William Howell Masters (December 27, 1915 – February 16, 2001) was an American gynecologist. He was best known as the senior member of the Masters and Johnson sexuality research team. With Virginia Johnson, he did research into the nature of human sex. The work lasted from 1957 until the 1990s. It included the diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders and dysfunctions. This was a more orthodox kind of research than that done by Alfred Kinsey.

Masters was born on December 27, 1915 in Cleveland, Ohio. He was married three times, and all the  marriages ended in divorce. Masters died on February 16, 2001 in Tucson, Arizona from Parkinson's disease, aged 85.

References

1915 births
2001 deaths
Gynecologists‎
American physicians
Scientists from Cleveland
American sexologists
Married... with Children is an American sitcom. It aired for 11 seasons. It is about a family living in a fictional Chicago, Illinois, suburb. It stars Ed O'Neill, Katey Segal, Amanda Bearse, Christina Applegate, David Faustino, Ted McGinley, and David Garrison. On April 22, 2012, Fox re-aired the series premiere in honor of its 25th anniversary.

References

Other websites

1987 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
1980s American comedy television series
1990s American comedy television series
1990s American sitcoms
Television series set in Chicago
English-language television programs
According to Jim is an American television sitcom. It stars Jim Belushi as a suburban father of three children (five children starting with the season-seven finale). It originally ran on ABC from October 1, 2001 to June 2, 2009.

Other websites 

2001 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American sitcoms
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about marriage
Television series about siblings
Television series about suburbia
Television series set in Chicago
English-language television programs
ABC network series
George Lopez (also known as The George Lopez Show) is an American sitcom starring comedian George Lopez. The show originally aired on ABC from March 27, 2002, to May 8, 2007. Emiliano Díez and Belita Moreno also star in the show.

Cast

Other websites 

2002 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American comedy television series
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
Aurabela "Belita" Moreno (born November 1, 1949 in Dallas, Texas) is an American actress best known for her roles as Benita "Benny" Lopez on the ABC sitcom George Lopez and Edwina Twinkacetti/Lydia Markham on Perfect Strangers.

References

Other websites
 
 Belita Moreno profile at Starpulse.com 
 Date of birth of Belita Moreno confirmed as November 1, 1949 at Texas Births, 1926-1995. Family Tree Legends Records Collection (Online Database). Pearl Street Software, 2004-2005

1949 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Dallas
Emiliano Díez (born 26 August 1953 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban movie and television actor. He is best known for his role as Victor Palmero in the sitcom George Lopez, as well as his role as Manny Beltrán in the sitcom Los Beltrán.

References

Other websites

1953 births
Living people
Actors from Havana
Movie actors
Television actors
Singers
Musicians from Havana
Valente Rodriguez (born February 14, 1964 in Edcouch, Texas) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Ernesto "Ernie" Cardenas on the sitcom George Lopez. He currently stars as Cesar in the TV Land sitcom Happily Divorced.

Other websites
 

1964 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Texas
Constance Marie Lopez (born September 9, 1965) is an American actress.  

She is known for her role as Angie Lopez on George Lopez (2002–2007) and for her role as Marcella Quintanilla (mother of Selena) in the 1997 movie Selena. She now plays Regina Vasquez on the ABC Family drama Switched at Birth.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Constance Pallo's Spay/neuter PSA in English

1965 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Luis Armand Garcia,  (born March 9, 1992) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Max Lopez on the sitcom George Lopez.

Garcia was born on March 9, 1992 in suburban Chicago in LaGrange, Illinois. He now lives in the Los Angeles area in Santa Clarita, California in Valencia.

Other websites

Luis Armand Garcia at tvguide.com

1992 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
People from La Grange, Illinois
Aimee Garcia (born November 28, 1978) is an American actress, known for her roles as Veronica Palmero on the sitcom George Lopez and Jamie Batista on the Showtime drama Dexter.

Other websites

Aimee Garcia interview

1978 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Chicago
Paranoia is an American drama thriller movie directed by Robert Luketic. The screenplay was written by Barry L. Levy and Jason Dean Hall, based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Joseph Finder. It stars Liam Hemsworth, Gary Oldman, Harrison Ford, Amber Heard and Josh Holloway.

It was released on August 16, 2013.

References

2013 drama thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
2010s English-language movies
FBI in fiction
Movies based on books
The Conjuring is a 2013 American supernatural horror movie. The movie is based on the real life events of Ed and Lorraine Warren. It is set in Rhode Island in 1971. It stars Patrick Wilson, Vera Farmiga, Ron Livingston, Lili Taylor, Mackenzie Foy, and Joey King. The Conjuring was released in the United States and Canada on July 19, 2013, and in the United Kingdom on August 2, 2013. A prequel titled Annabelle was released in October 2014. A sequel, The Conjuring 2 was released in 2016.

Other websites 

2013 horror movies
American horror movies
American supernatural movies
English-language movies
Haunted house movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in the 1970s
Rhode Island in fiction
Saturn Award winning movies
Family Weekend is an American comedy/drama movie. It was the first movie directed by Benjamin Epps. It stars Matthew Modine, Kristin Chenoweth, Olesya Rulin, Joey King, Shirley Jones, and Chloe Bridges. It was released on March 29, 2013.

2013 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
Michael James "Mick" Dodson, AM (born 10 April 1950, in Katherine, Northern Territory) is an indigenous Australian activist, lawyer and teacher. He is the director of the National Centre for Indigenous Studies at the Australian National University. He is also a professor of law at the university's College of Law. He was previously director of the Indigenous Law Centre at the University of New South Wales. He was named Australian of the Year in 2009.

Dodson was born in Katherine, in the Northern Territory. He is a member of the Yawuru people, who are the traditional owners of the land around Broome, in Western Australia. His brother is Patrick Dodson, who has become a well-known Aboriginal leader as well. Their parents died when they were still children. When this happened, Mick moved to Monivae College, a boarding school in Hamilton, Victoria. He graduated in law from Monash University in 1974. He was the first indigenous person to graduate from law in Australia.
Dodson has been an important advocate of land rights and other issues affecting Indigenous Australians. He was a commissioner with the Australian Human Rights Commission from April 1993 to January 1998. From August 1988 to October 1990, he worked with the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. He is currently a chairperson of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS).

References

1950 births
Living people
Australian human rights activists
Australian lawyers
Australian of the Year Award winners
Indigenous Australian activists
Order of Australia
People from Melbourne
People from the Australian Capital Territory
People from the Northern Territory
Hume Blake Cronyn, OC (July 18, 1911 – June 15, 2003) was a Canadian-American actor and writer who enjoyed a long career, often appearing professionally alongside his second wife, Jessica Tandy.

Cronyn was born in July 18, 1911 in London, Ontario, Canada. He studied at Ridley College and at McGill University. 

Cronyn was married to Emily Woodruff from 1934 until they divorced in 1936. Then he was married to Jessica Tandy from 1942 until her death in 1994. Then he was married to Susan Cooper from 1996 until his death in 2003. 

Cronyn died on June 15, 2003 in Fairfield, Connecticut from prostate cancer. He was 91.

He won three Emmy Awards and one Tony Award.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Hume Cronyn at Virtual History
 Order of Canada Citation 
 Hume Cronyn - Internet Accuracy Project
1911 births
2003 deaths
Actors from London (Ontario)
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian radio actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Cancer deaths in Connecticut
Deaths from prostate cancer
Emmy Award winning actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Tony Award winning actors
Edward Cuthbert Platt (February 14, 1916 – March 19, 1974) was an American actor best known for his role as "The Chief" in the 1965-70 NBC/CBS television series Get Smart. With his deep voice and mature countenance, he played an eclectic mix of characters over the span of his career.

Platt was born on February 14, 1916 in Staten Island, New York City. He studied at Juilliard School of Music and at Princeton University.

Platt was married to Suzanne Belcher from 1954 until his death in 1974. They had four children. Platt died on March 19, 1974 in Santa Monica, California from a heart attack, aged 58.

However, one of his sons confirmed that Platt committed suicide after two previous attempts while suffering from an undiagnosed and untreated depression that was further sparked by financial troubles. It is also said that Platt's Get Smart co-star Don Adams knew the real cause of death.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 "Chief" places 6th on Great Secondary TV Characters list
1916 births
1974 deaths
Actors from Staten Island
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Princeton University alumni
Barbara Feldon (born March 12, 1933) is an American character actress who works mostly in the theatre but is primarily known for her roles on television. Her most well-known role was that of Agent 99 on the 1960s sitcom Get Smart. She also worked as a model.

References

Other websites

 
 

1933 births
Living people
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Models from Pennsylvania
Christina Cox (31 July 1971) is a Canadian actress. She acts in television programs and independent movies. She became known for playing Eve Logan in The Chronicles of Riddick. She is also a stuntwoman who did boxing stunts for Hilary Swank in Million Dollar Baby. Cox was born in Toronto.

Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
1971 births
Living people
Lanu-puisto is a park near Pikku-Vesijärvi in Lahti, Finland. It contains 12 statues by Olavi Lanu, made of concrete. It was built 1988-1992.

References
Statues 
Olavi Lanu in Lahti library's pages 

Parks in Europe
Geography of Finland
1992 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Finland
A headphone amplifier is a sound amplifier that is designed for headphones.

Audio technology
A tube amplifier is a sound amplifier that uses vacuum tubes instead of transistors to amplify signal. Some people think the sound from tube amplifiers is better than transistor-based amplifiers. Even the measured distortion would be higher with vacuum tubes.

Audio technology
To distort is to change the shape of something. Distortion may refer to:

Distortion in electrical signal
Distortion, a type of musical effect that can be controlled using an effect pedal
Distortion (economics), a state where the agent does not maximize its profit or utility
Cognitive distortion, irrational thought patterns
In statistics, the bias of an estimator is sometimes called distortion
In medicine, a Strain (injury) is called distortion
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issues tax forms to people and organisations who pay tax in the United States. These documents are used by taxpayers to report information about their finances. This includes information about income, which is required by the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) in order to calculate how much tax must be paid to the federal government of the United States. There are over 800 forms. The best-known of these is Form 1040 used by individual people.

Types of forms
Form 1040 is used by individual people. It is used to report their income, calculate how much tax they have already paid, and how much more they need to pay. These are issued every year, and each person must send the form back with their information written in. The forms are normally due by April 15 of the next year.
Form 990 provides the public with financial information about a specific organization. It is also used by government agencies to make sure organizations that do not have to pay tax (such as non-profit organizations) comply with the rules. By doing this, they make sure that these organizations are really not making any profits.
Form 1040NR is used by foreign workers who have earned income from the United States.
Informational returns report information to taxpayers to help them complete their own tax returns. They are prepared by employers and banks. Copies of them are also sent to the IRS. An example is Form 1098, which is used to report interest that a taxpayer has paid on his or her mortgage.
Several forms begin with the code W. Some examples of these include:
Form W-2 is used by an employer to report wages paid to employees. It also reports the tax that was deducted from those wages. Employers must complete a Form W-2 for each employee to whom they pay a salary or wage. An employer must mail out the Form W-2 to employees on or before January 31. This gives the employees about 2 months to finish their tax returns before the April 15 due date.
Form W-9 is used to request a taxpayer's identification number and certification. To apply for this, the taxpayer must give some basic information like name, marriage status, and social security number.
References

Other websites 
 Internal Revenue Service
Taxation in the United States
A banana plug is a type of electrical connector used for joining wires to equipment.

Other websites

 

Electrical connectors
The Division of Aston is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1984 and is named for Tilly Aston. Aston was a blind writer and teacher who helped setup the Library of the Victorian Association of Braille Writers in 1894. Aston is in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, including Rowville, Scoresby, Knoxfield, Vermont and Wantirna.

Members

In 2013, Alan Tudge was made the Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister, Tony Abbott.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Aston - Australian Electoral Commission
 Alan Tudge's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1984 establishments in Australia
The Division of Batman was an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1906 and replaced the Division of Northern Melbourne. It was abolished in 2019 and replaced by the Division of Cooper.

It took its name from John Batman, one of the founders of the city of Melbourne. At first it covered the inner suburbs of Carlton and Fitzroy, but as the boundaries changed it moved north. It included Alphington, Clifton Hill , Northcote, Preston, Reservoir and Thornbury.

Members

Brian Howe was the Deputy Prime Minister in the Hawke and Keating governments. Martin Ferguson was the leader of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) before being elected. David Feeney was elected to the Australian Senate in 2007, and resigned to take up a seat in the House of Representatives.

Election results
 2004 election result
 2007 election result
 2010 election result
 2013 election result 
 2016 election result

References
References

Other websites
 Division of Batman - Australian Electoral Commission
 David Feeney's website 

Former electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1906 establishments in Australia
A balanced circuit is a way to connect electrical signal wires together to avoid interference.  To do this, the two or more wires must be in the same cable.  Balanced audio cables in studios commonly add a grounded wire, and use XLR connectors or phone connectors.  Balanced circuits first became standard practice in early 20th century telephone lines. 

Electronic circuits
A rotary switch is an electric switch. It may have several positions. Its position can be changed by rotating.

Electronic switches
Commodore VIC-20 was a home computer released in 1980. It was made by Commodore Business Machines. It was the first computer that sold over one million units.

The Commodore VIC-20 was powered by a 6502 CPU, running at 1 MHz.  Though the system had 5KB of RAM, users only had access to about 3.5KB for BASIC programs.  It had no internal data storage, but could store programs on standard audio tapes. Later, it could use 5.25 inch floppy disks as well. In early 1985 this computer was discontinued.

References

Commodore computers
Commodore 16 was a home computer made by Commodore International. It was released in 1984. It was intended to replace VIC-20 computer, but it failed. It was only sold in Europe.

References

Commodore computers
The Incredible Burt Wonderstone is a 2013 comedy movie directed by Don Scardino. It stars Jim Carrey, Steve Carell, Steve Buscemi, Alan Arkin, Olivia Wilde, and James Gandolfini. It got positive reviews. It was released on March 8, 2013.

2013 movies
American comedy movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Las Vegas
English-language movies
Flight is a 2012 drama movie directed by Robert Zemeckis. It stars Denzel Washington, Kelly Reilly, Melissa Leo, Don Cheadle, and John Goodman. It got positive reviews. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie four out of four stars. It was released on November 2, 2012. It was nominated for two Academy Awards.

Release dates 

2012 drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Robert Zemeckis
Jessica Kelly Siobhán Reilly (born 18 July 1977) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in Eden Lake, Sherlock Holmes, After Miss Julie, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, and Flight. 

Reilly was born on 18 July 1977 in Surrey, England. She has been married to Kyle Baughner since 2012.

References

Other websites

1977 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Actors from Surrey
Richard I of Normandy (933–996), also known as Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur), was the "Duke of Normandy" from 942 to 996. Richard made Normandy into a feudal society where he owned all the land. His followers held on to the lands given them by remaining loyal to him. He made Normandy a much stronger a power in western France.

Early Career 

Richard was the son of William Longsword, princeps or ruler of Normandy. His mother's name was Sprota. She was a Breton prisoner captured in war who William later married. William Longsword was told of the birth of a son after the battle with Riouf and other viking rebels. But he kept this a secret until a few years later. When he first met his son he kissed him and made him the heir to Normandy. William then sent Richard to be cared for in Bayeux.
When his father died, Richard was only 10 years old (he was born in 933). King Louis IV of France decided to take charge of Normandy himself. The king placed the young duke in the custody of the count of Ponthieu.  Then the king gave the lands in lower Normandy to Hugh the Great. Louis kept Richard a prisoner at Lâon. Fearing the king was going to harm the boy Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Richard's grandfather Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane freed Richard.

Duke of Normandy 

In 946, Richard agreed to be a ward of Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders. Together they drove Louis out of Rouen and took back Normandy by 947. In 962 Theobald I, Count of Blois, attacked Rouen. But Richard's army defeated them. Lothair king of West Francia stepped in to prevent any more war between the two. For the rest of his reign Richard chose not to make Normandy bigger. Instead he worked on making Normandy stronger.
Richard used marriages to build strong alliances. His marriage to Emma gave him a connection to the Capet family. His wife Gunnor was from a rival Viking group in the Cotentin. His marriage to her gave him support from her family. Her sisters married several of Richard's loyal followers. Also Richard's daughters provided valuable marriage alliances with powerful counts as well as to the king of England. Richard also made sure the church and the great monasteries were doing well. His reign was marked by a long period of peace and tranquility. Richard died in Fecamp, Normandy, on 20 November 996.

Marriages

William married first (960)to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France. They were promised to each other when both were very young. She died after 19 March 968, before they had any children.

Richard had children with his concubine Gunnora. Richard later married her to make their children legitimate:
Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy
 Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Évreux
 Mauger, Earl of Corbeil
 Emma of Normandy, wife of two kings of England
 Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
 Hawise of Normandy married Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
 Papia of Normandy
 William, Count of Eu

Illegitimate Children

Richard was known to have had several other concubines and had children with many of them.
Known children are:

 Geoffrey, Count of Eu
 William, Count of Eu (-), 
 Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne

Notes

References

930s births
996 deaths
Dukes and duchesses of Normandy
Betsy Ross (January 1, 1752 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – January 30, 1836 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), born  Elizabeth Griscom and also known by her second and third married names Elizabeth Ashburn and Elizabeth Claypoole, is widely known as making the first American flag.  There is, however, no evidence that the story is true.

References

Other websites

Flag: An American Biography website
Betsy Ross Homepage from ushistory.org

1752 births
1836 deaths
People from Philadelphia
The Douglas A-1 Skyraider is an attack aircraft designed and built in the United States. Its first flight was in 1945, but it was too late to be flown in World War II. Originally designed for the US Navy, it was also used by the US Air Force, Fleet Air Arm and French Air Force. It was used by US pilots in the Korean War and Vietnam War, and by the French in the Algeria War. Some were modified for reconnaissance or electronic warfare. Before 1962, the US Navy's A-1 were called AD.

United States Navy aircraft
A-1
United States Air Force aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
The North American Aviation OV-10 Bronco is a twin-turboprop reconnaissance and light attack aircraft. It was designed and built in the United States. The US Air Force, US Marines Corps, and US Navy used it in the Vietnam War. It was also used by the German and Indonesian air forces.

United States Navy aircraft
United States Air Force aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
Spherical geometry is the use of geometry on a sphere. It was started for cartography, as well as for making maps of stars. It is different from Euclidean geometry (which is always on a plane), and Non-Euclidean geometry. Points are defined in the same way as they are in Euclidean geometry: A point is at a defined location on the sphere. A "staight line" is different though: It is the shortest path between two points, which stays on the surface of the plane. Some theorems of Euclidean geometry cannot be used on the sphere, many of them have been adapted though.

Fields of geometry
The SPAD S.XII is a French fighter aircraft of World War I. It was used by French pilots, but also by Belgians, British, and American pilots. More than 8400 examples were built.

Reference 
1.SPAD S.XII Reference book. Link to Book publisher.
SPAD S.13
French military aircraft
Photobleaching is when a dye or a fluorophore (a chemical that re-emits light) breaks down from exposure to strong light; similar to how the detergent chemical bleach breaks down dye in clothing.

Other websites
 Introduction to Optical Microscopy an article about photobleaching

Light
Cell biology
The Cotentin Peninsula (\kō-ˌtäⁿ-ˈtaⁿ\), also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that is part of the coast of France. It extends in a northwest direction into the English Channel. To its west are the Channel Islands and to the southwest is the Brittany Peninsula. It is in the Departement of Manche, in the region of Normandy. The largest town is Cherbourg on the north coast. Cherbourg is a major port on the English Channel. The west coast of the Cotentin known as Côte des Îles ("Islands Coast") faces the Channel Islands. Ferry links serve Carteret, and the islands of Jersey, Guernsey and Alderney from the port of Dielette.

History
History

The peninsula formed part of what the Romans called Armorica. Coutances was the capital of the Unelli, a Gaulish tribe. It got its name Constantia in 298 during the reign of Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus. Under the Carolingians it became known as the Cotentin and was controlled by viscounts. For some time these were members of the Saint-Sauveur family. They lived at Saint-Sauveur on the Douve river.

In the ninth century, Vikings settled the Cotentin, which became part of Normandy in the early tenth century. Many place names there come from the Norse language. Examples include La Hague, and La-Hougue both derived from the Old Norse word haugr meaning a hill or mound. Until the construction of modern roads, the peninsula was almost inaccessible in winter because of marshland cutting off the higher ground. This explains occasional historical references to the Cotentin as an island.
King Alan the Great of Brittany waged war successfully on the Norsemen. As the result of his conquests, the Cotentin Peninsula was included in the territory of the Duchy of Brittany. After his death, the Norsemen invaded and occupied Brittany from 907 to 939. While they were eventually expelled by Alan's grandson, Alan II, Duke of Brittany, the subsequent rulers of Brittany were weaker than Alan the Great.  The succeeding Dukes of Brittany suffered continuing Norse invasions and Norman raids. Eventually the Cotentin Peninsula was lost to the  Brittany, and became part of Normandy.
In 1088 Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, gave the Cotentin to his brother Henry, later King Henry I of England. Henry, as count of the Cotentin, established his first power base there and in the adjoining Avranchin to the south During the Hundred Years' War, King Edward III of England landed in the bay of La Hogue, and then came to the Church of Quettehou in Val de Saire. It was there that Edward III knighted his son Edward, the Black Prince. A remembrance plaque can be seen next to the altar. The naval Battle of La Hogue in 1692 was fought off Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue near Barfleur.

The town of Valognes was, until the French Revolution, a provincial social resort for the nobility, nicknamed the Versailles of Normandy. The social scene was described in the novels of Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly (himself from the Cotentin). The grand houses and châteaux; were destroyed during World War II.
During World War II, part of the 1944 Battle of Normandy was fought in the Cotentin. The westernmost part of the D-Day landings was at Utah Beach, on the southeastern coast of the peninsula. What followed was a campaign to occupy the peninsula and take Cherbourg.

Economy
The main economical resource is agriculture. Dairy farming is a prominent activity. Along the west coast, renowned vegetables are grown, such as the carrots of Créances. The renowned trademark "Florette" was created in Lessay. The region is also famous for its shellfish culture. These include oysters from Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue and Pirou. Other products are alcoholic beverages like cider and calvados, made from locally grown apples and pears.
There are two important naval shipyards in Cherbourg. The state-owned shipyard DCNS has built French nuclear submarines since the 1960s. Privately owned CMN builds frigates and patrol vessels for various states, mostly from the Middle East. Tourism is also an important economic activity in this region. Many tourists visit the D-Day invasion beaches, including Utah Beach in the Cotentin. At Sainte-Mère-Église a few miles away from the beach, there is a museum dedicated to the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. The Cité de la Mer in Cherbourg is a museum of oceanic and underseas subjects. The main attraction is Redoutable, the first French nuclear submarine, launched in 1967.

Culture
Culture

Due to its relative isolation the Cotentin is one of the last remaining places the Norman language is spoken. The Norman language writer Alfred Rossel, native of Cherbourg, composed many songs which form part of the heritage of the region. Rossel's song Sus la mé ("on the sea") is often sung as a regional patriotic song.

References

Web pages

Renaud, Jean   Les Vikings et la Normandie (Ouest-France. 2002) ISBN/ISSN : 2-7373-0258-7
Renaud, Jean   Les dieux des Vikings  (Ouest-France. 2002) ISBN/ISSN : 2-7373-1468-2

Manche
Peninsulas of Europe
The Aérospatiale SA-315 Lama is a French helicopter designed and built for operations in mountains. It is used by both civilians and the military. It is a fuselage of Alouette II which was assembled an Alouette III's turboshaft. Many were built in India as Cheetah.

References 

Lama
Indian military aircraft
Helicopters
George Herbert Hitchings (April 18, 1905 – February 27, 1998) was an American doctor. He shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude B. Elion for their discoveries of important steps for drug treatment.

1905 births
1998 deaths
American physicians
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
The Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN) is number used by Amazon.com to identify books. When there is a ten-digit ISBN code, the ASIN is usually the same number. The ASIN can be useful to use when a book is old and has no ISBN code.

Books
Amazon (company)
Fuji Television is a Japanese broadcasting company. It is part of a large media company that also owns the record label and film group Pony Canyon, the newspaper Sankei shinbun, and other TV networks.

Other websites
Fuji TV
Pony Canyon 

Television stations
Japanese television networks
The Division of Northern Melbourne was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first Federal election in 1901. It was located in the inner northern suburbs of Melbourne, including the suburbs of Carlton, North Melbourne and Fitzroy. It was abolished in 1906 when the boundaries were redrawn and mostly replaced by the Division of Batman.

Members

The division was held by one member, H. B. Higgins. Higgins was Attorney General from 1904 to 1905. He was appointed a Justice of the High Court of Australia in 1906. Isaac Selby, who was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1901 election, became famous in 1905 when he tried to shoot a judge during a court case in San Francisco.

References

Northern Melbourne
1901 establishments in Australia
1900s disestablishments in Australia
Soups have been made since ancient times. This page lists a selection of well-known soups from the various cuisines around the world. They are sorted by the type of soup.

Some soups are served with large chunks of meat or vegetables left in the liquid; these are categorised below as "chunky". A broth is a flavoured liquid usually made from boiling a meat and bone or vegetable for a period of time in a stock. A common type of broth is consommé. A potage is a category of thick soups, stews or porridges. In some of them, meat and vegetables are boiled together with water until they turn into a thick mush.

Bisques are creamy soups traditionally made with shellfish, but can be made with any type of seafood. The base of cream soups is dairy. Chowders are thick soups usually containing some type of starch. Coulis were originally meat juices, and now are thick purees. Some soups are only ever served cold, and other soups can be served cold as an option.

Related pages 
Soup

Notes

References
 

Soups
Hardware may refer to:
 Household hardware, equipment sold in hardware stores
 Computer hardware, physical devices that make up a computer system
 Electronic component, a basic electronic element
 Digital electronics, the hardware used by digital computer systems that can be controlled by software
Vibe may mean:

 Vibe (magazine)
 Vibe (band)
 Pontiac Vibe
Fedor Jeftichew, better known as Jo-Jo the Dog-Faced Boy (1868 - January 31, 1904) was a Russian sideshow performer. Like his father, Adrien, with whom he performed, Jo-Jo was afflicted with hypertrichosis, an abnormal growth of hair over the face and body. Jo-Jo was covered with long, silky hair and was said to resemble a Skye terrier.

Jo-Jo was born in St Petersburg, Russia in 1868. He began touring Europe in 1873. He was five feet eight inches tall, had only four or five teeth, and spoke Russian, German, and a little English. He dressed like a Russian cavalryman. He would bark at an audience, and would perform as often as 23 times a day. In 1886, he was making US$500 a week.
Jo-Jo toured Europe and Russia, playing in fairgrounds. He was discovered by Charles Reynolds in London, England. Jo-Jo was performing with his father, Adrien, who resembled a poodle. Reynolds realized the Dog-Faced Boy could be presented in a more professional manner. He took the boy to the United States on the City of Chicago on 12 October 1884.

A press conference was called. Journalists were allowed to pull Jeftichew's hair to be assured it was real and not pasted on. The New York Herald described Jeftichew as "the most extraordinary and absorbingly interesting curiosity that has ever reached these shores."

In 1884, Jeftichew signed with P. T. Barnum. Barnum stated (falsely) that Jo-Jo was captured by a hunter in the wilds of central Russia. Barnum advertised him as "the most prodigious paragon of all prodigies secured by P. T. Barnum in fifty years. The Human Skye Terrier, the crowning mystery of nature's contradictions."