Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Allegory—A sustained metaphor in which a story is told to illustrate an important attribute of the subject. May be continued through whole sentences or even through a whole discourse. For example: "The ship of state has sailed through rougher storms than the tempest of these lobbyists".
 Alliteration—when a sentence or phrase has many words that start with the same sound.
 Antanaclasis—Repeating a single word, but with a different meaning each time. Antanaclasis is a common type of pun, and like other kinds of pun, it is often found in slogans.
 Aphorism—A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion, an adage
 Euphemism—Substitution of a less offensive or more agreeable term for another
 Hyperbole—Use of exaggerated terms for emphasis
 Innuendo—Having a hidden meaning in a sentence that makes sense whether it is detected or not
 Irony—Implying the opposite of the standard meaning, such as describing a bad situation as "good times".
Metonymy—A trope through proximity or correspondence, for example referring to actions of the U.S. president as "actions of the White House".
 Metaphor—an explanation of an object or idea through juxtaposition of disparate things with a similar characteristic, such as describing a courageous person as having a "heart of a lion".
 Paradox—Use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth
 Proverb—Succinct or pithy expression of what is commonly observed and believed to be true
 Pun—Play on words that will have two meanings
 Rhetorical question—statement in the form of a question, asked and answered without a needed reply
Synecdoche—Related to metonymy and metaphor, creates a play on words by referring to something with a related concept. For example, referring to the whole with the name of a part, such as "hired hands" for workers; a part with the name of the whole, such as "the law" for police officers; the general with the specific, such as "bread" for food; the specific with the general, such as "cat" for a lion; or an object with the material it is made from, such as "bricks and mortar" for a building.
 Truism—a self-evident statement
Adobe Flash (formerly 2005 Macromedia Flash) is a rich internet application distributed by Adobe Systems. Adobe Flash and Adobe Flash Player were used to create and view animated content that could be placed on web pages. Adobe Flash was used commonly on the Internet by web browsers.

Flash was created by FutureWave (a multimedia company) in 1995. Then it was called "FutureSplash Animator" (this was Flash 1.0). FutureWave along with Flash were soon bought by Macromedia around 1997, who in December 2005 was again bought by Adobe Systems. From Flash version 2 to 8 it was called "Macromedia Flash", now it is called "Adobe Flash".

In 2012, Adobe discontinued the Solaris version of Flash Player, and made the Linux version only for Google Chrome. The Android version was removed from Google Play.

In 2020, Adobe  discontinued Adobe Flash, because Adobe claims that WebGL, HTML5, and WebAssembly serve as good alternatives for Adobe Flash.

How Adobe Flash was used

Video games
Video games 

Flash video games are popular on the Internet, with websites like Newgrounds, Kongregate, and Armor Games are dedicated to Flash-based games. Popular Flash games include Transformice, Farmville, Alien Hominid, QWOP and Club Penguin.

Adobe AIR allows the creation of Flash-based mobile games, which can be published to the Google Play and the Apple App Store.

References

Internet
Adobe software
1990s in technology
In Object-oriented programming languages, inheritance is a way to add functionality. Object-oriented programming has the notion of classes (and perhaps interfaces). A derived class inherits most fields and methods from its parent class. It can modify the behaviour of the parent, by adding new fields and methods, or by modifying existing ones. Depending on the programming language used, there may be certain restrictions when extending a class. 

Inheritance can be used to solve different types of problems:
 Specialisation: The child class extends the functionality of the parent. That way a Bank account may have fields for balance, account number and owner; a subclass interest-earning account may add fields like interest rate and interest received.
 Overriding: The child class can redefine the behaviour of the parent class.
 Code reuse: Code that is common to many classes can be placed in a parent class, and reused.
An example can be a Car class. You could create a Ferrari class which would inherit from Car, and also make a Toyota class which would also inherit from Car. This way, all the fields and methods (drive method, brake method, color field...) would also be inside of Ferrari and Toyota, and you wouldn't need to copy the code twice. However, maybe inside of Car you could have a brand field. This brand field would be equal to nothing, but inside of Ferrari the field might be equal to "ferrari" and in Toyota to "toyota". Of course, you could not just create a Car, because otherwise that field would be missing. In order to prevent people from just creating a Car, you turn the Car into an abstract class.

Object-oriented programming
Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is a former American basketball player. He is widely considered the greatest basketball player of all time. He won six championships and was the Finals MVP 6 times. He played for the Chicago Bulls and the Washington Wizards. Jordan led the Bulls to a then-record 7320 wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan earned the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness" due to his leaping ability, which was illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests. Jordan won two Olympic gold medals with Team USA, famously playing on the 1992 Dream Team. During the early part of his college career, he went by Mike Jordan, and he still uses Mike as a nickname to this year.
Family and early years 
Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born on February 17, 1963 in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, New York, he is the son of Deloris (née Peoples), who worked in banking, and James R. Jordan, Sr., an equipment supervisor. His family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina when he was a toddler.[7]Jordan developed a competitive edge at an early age. He wanted to win every game he played.

Jordan is the fourth of five children. He has two older brothers, Larry Jordan and James R. Jordan, Jr., one older sister, Deloris, and a younger sister, Roslyn. Jordan's brother James retired in 2006 as the Command Sergeant Major of the 35th Signal Brigade of the XVIII Airborne Corps in the U.S. Army.
Early career 
As a sophomore at Laney High School in Wilmington, North Carolina, Jordan did not make his school's varsity (main) basketball team. This inspired him to work harder, and he made the team the next year. In 1981, he went to the University of North Carolina to play. He averaged 13.5 points per game his freshman year, and 20 points per game his sophomore year. Under coach Dean Smith's system, no player was allowed to average more than 20 ppg.  North Carolina won the national championship in 1982, Jordan's freshman year. Jordan made the winning shot with 18 seconds left in the championship game. After Jordan's junior year in college, he said that he would be leaving college to play in the NBA. The Chicago Bulls chose him with the third pick in the 1984 NBA draft.  He never served as a team captain in college.
NBA career 
In 1993, after winning three NBA championships in a row, Jordan said that he would retire and switch to a career in minor league baseball. He played for the Birmingham Barons, a minor league team in the Chicago White Sox's system, but hit only one home run during his whole baseball career. In 1995, Jordan announced that he would return to the NBA with a two word announcement: "I'm back". He was back in time to play for the Bulls in the 1995 playoffs, but the Bulls lost in the playoffs before reaching the NBA Finals. However, the next three seasons after that, the Bulls won the championship. This included the 1995-1996 season, when the Bulls won 72 games in the regular season and only lost 10. In 1996, he starred in the live-action/animated comedy movie Space Jam as himself. Jordan retired for a second time in 1998, but was still not done playing. He would buy part of the Washington Wizards basketball team, and played for the Wizards from 2001 to 2003, and ended his playing career after that.
Game-winning shots
During his NBA career, Jordan had at least 29 game-winning shots on field goals or free throws when deciding a game in the last 30 seconds of the game.  In addition to well-documented instances, he made a pair of free throws in a road game at New Jersey, on March 16, 1996.  While making the free throws, WGN play-by-play announcer Wayne Larivee remarked, "Michael Jordan, ice water in his veins".

Player Profile 
Michael Jordan played mostly shooting guard.  Other than a brief spell in April 1989 during which he played point guard, Jordan almost always played shooting guard during his time with the Chicago Bulls.  He was widely heralded as the most skilled and accomplished basketball player of all time.

After retiring 
Jordan is now the majority owner of the Charlotte Hornets. He was chosen to enter the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2009.

References 

Notes

Other websites

Michael Jordan's NBA profile
1963 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
African-American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from Chicago
Sportspeople from New York City
Sportspeople from North Carolina
Washington Wizards players
Tune Squad players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Space Jam characters
Sports movie characters
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Lawrence Taylor (February 4, 1959) is a retired American football player who played for the New York Giants in the National Football League (NFL). Taylor was famous for sacking the other team's quarterbacks. After he retired he got in trouble for doing drugs. He has since stopped doing drugs. He also appeared on Dancing With the Stars in the 2009 season.

1959 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Sportspeople from Virginia
New York Giants players
History
The New York Giants started playing in 1925. They were named for the baseball team also called the New York Giants. They have won six NFL championships, including some before the Super Bowl era. On February 3, 2008, the Giants beat the previously unbeaten New England Patriots (17-14) to win their third Super Bowl championship in Super Bowl XLII as well as stopping them from achieving the NFL's first 19-0 season. The previous two Super Bowl victories came against the Denver Broncos and the Buffalo Bills (when they won the game on a missed last second field goal that went "wide right".) The Giants won Super Bowl XLVI against the Patriots but this time the Patriots went 13-3 in the regular season. The Giants beat them in Foxborough during the 2011 season.

Other websites
 Official site

 
1925 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in New York (state)
1920s establishments in New Jersey
Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon (born January 21, 1963 in Lagos, Nigeria; pronounced ah-KEEM ah-LAH-zhoo-wahn), formerly Akeem Olajuwon, is a retired Nigerian-American basketball player. He is considered by some to be the greatest defensive player in basketball history.  Hakeem Olajuwon travelled all the way from his home country of Nigeria to play basketball in the United States. He won two National Basketball Association (NBA) championships with the Houston Rockets. During his career, he was nicknamed "The Dream", often extended to "Hakeem the Dream", due to his grace both on and off the court.  His best move was called the "Dream Shake".  He also called himself "Little Moses" after one of his biggest idols, Moses Malone. He played for the Houston Rockets while Olajuwon played for the University of Houston Cougars men's basketball team.

Other websites

Hakeem Olajuwon's NBA legends profile

References
References

1963 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American Muslims
American Olympic gold medalists
Houston Rockets players
Sportspeople from Lagos
Toronto Raptors players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
An ecomuseum is a museum which shows things about the identity of a place or landscape.  Many of the people who live in that place help to organize things in the museum.  The ecomuseum tries to help the welfare and development of the local community.

Other page 
Ecology

Museums
Scottie Maurice Pippen (born September 25, 1965) is a retired American basketball player. He played for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) for most of his career and won six championships with the Bulls, although he also played with Charles Barkley in 1999 for the Houston Rockets and the Portland Trail Blazers near the end of his career.

In addition to his chemistry with Michael Jordan, Pippen was known for his defense.  His unusually long wingspan allowed him to clog passing lanes and make chase-down blocks.

Pippen went by Scott Pippen early in his NBA career.  Later on he earned the nicknames Pip, Robin (to Michael Jordan's Batman) and later Batman (Jordan was then called Superman).  Off the court, Pippen developed a reputation for not leaving tips at restaurants, and got the nickname No Tippin' Pippen.

Pippen's nephew Kavion Pippen currently plays basketball for the Southern Illinois Salukis.

References

Other websites

NBA legends profile
1965 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Chicago Bulls players
Houston Rockets players
Portland Trail Blazers players
Sportspeople from Chicago
Sportspeople from Arkansas
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team. They play in Chicago, Illinois at the United Center. The Bulls are a part of the National Basketball Association (NBA). They were named the Bulls in reference to the Chicago Union Stockyards, which was once a major business in Chicago. The current head coach is Billy Donovan.

Michael Jordan played for the Chicago Bulls from 1984 until 1993 and from 1995 until 1998. Jordan, along with Scottie Pippen and Phil Jackson, lead the team to six NBA championships via two three-peats. In the 21st century, Derrick Rose was the star of the Bulls (as well as the youngest player to win the MVP Award) until his injuries prevented him to play.

References

Other websites
Barry Bonds (born July 24, 1964, in Riverside, California) is an American Major League Baseball player. Barry Bonds was a left fielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1986-1992) and New York Giants (1993-2007)He holds the Major League Baseball career home run record with 762 home runs. He is currently a free agent. He is not signed with any team and is currently not playing baseball. He played his debut on May 30, 1986, for the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Early Life
Barry Bonds was born on July 24, 1964 to Patricia and Bobby Bonds.

References

Other websites 
 

1964 births
African-American baseball players
Baseball players from California
Living people
National League All-Stars
Pittsburgh Pirates players
San Francisco Giants players
William Felton Russell (February 12, 1934 – July 31, 2022) was an American basketball player. Russell played for the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969. He was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was a civil rights activist. 

Russell was also an NBA coach. He coached the Celtics from 1966 to 1969, Seattle SuperSonics from 1973 to 1977 and the Sacramento Kings from 1987 to 1988.

Russell won two NCAA titles in 1955 and 1956.  He ended his college career with the University of San Francisco by winning his last 55 straight games and achieving an undefeated season in 1956. Before entering the NBA, Russell also earned an Olympic gold medal in 1956.   The US team, led by Russell, was undefeated and won by an unsurpassed victory margin of 53.5 points per game
Russell was named the NBA MVP five times during his career. He won 11 championships in 13 seasons as a player, the most in NBA history, including eight in a row from 1959 through 1966. During his NBA career, he made it to the championship round during 12 of his 13 seasons.

President Barack Obama honored Russell with the Presidential Medal of Freedom at the White House in 2011. He was honored into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame twice, one in 1975 for his playing career and another in 2021 for his coaching career.

Russell died on July 31, 2022 at his home in Mercer Island, Washington at the age of 88.

References

1934 births
2022 deaths
African-American basketball players
American basketball players
Boston Celtics players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Sportspeople from Louisiana
National Basketball Association coaches
American Olympic gold medalists
American civil rights activists
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII is a third-person shooter roleplaying video game.  It is a sequel to Final Fantasy VII.

Story
Three years after the what happened in Final Fantasy VII, a group of powerful SOLDIERs that nobody had seen before appear, stopping the peace enjoyed by the people of world. The members of this mysterious group are the ones who were trapped under the ruins of Midgar for three years- the Deepground SOLDIERs. The Deepground SOLDIERs want to call forth the final WEAPON, Omega, before it is supposed to be. But to do that, the DGS need Vincent Valentine to lead the way to Omega.

Vincent Valentine is chased by many members of the mysterious group. An chain of events leads Vincent to the truth about his past and forces him to be the leader again in a battle for the planet itself and all those living in it.
Reeve Tuesti, who used to be the Head of Urban Development at Shinra (and the remote controller of Cait Sith), is now the leader of the World Regenesis Organization, which looks after the planet and stops people from hurting it any more. Yuffie Kisaragi is another member of the organization, and several other characters from the original game provide the World Regenesis Organization with more help.

The game begins with a Full Motion Video showing the attack on the town of Kalm by Deepground soldiers. Vincent stops the attack, but encounters Azul and Shelke. Azul and Shelke are members of the Tsviets, Deepground's elite force of supersoldiers.

Shooter video games
2006 video games
Final Fantasy games
A diving suit is a type of protective clothing worn by scuba divers when they swim underwater in oceans, lakes, and rivers. Diving suits help insulate the diver from the cold temperature of the water. There are several types of diving suits, including wetsuits and dry suits.

Protective clothing
A kilt is a ceremonial article of clothing worn in Scotland. It is made of a thick, woven fabric with a tartan (checkered) pattern. It resembles a pleated skirt except that it is worn by men. It is still worn during ceremonies by some Scottish and Canadian military units and by people who play the bagpipes (a Scottish wind instrument). It is also quite commonly worn by men at weddings.

Bottoms (clothing)
National symbols of Scotland
A straitjacket is a type of clothing used to restrain patients in mental health hospitals and psychiatric wards of hospitals. A straitjacket has straps that restrain a person's arms and hands. Hospitals put straitjackets on people who have mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or paranoia, to keep them from hurting themselves, other patients, or hospital staff.

Psychiatry
A spacesuit is the specialised covering of protective clothing worn by astronauts when they travel into outer space occasional cases such as extravehicular activity (EVA) or into the upper atmosphere. Spacesuits are completely sealed, so that an astronaut can survive in the harsh, cold, and airless environment of space. Spacesuits have their own heating and cooling systems and a radio communication system. Spacesuits also provide a supply of fresh air for the astronauts to breathe and create a normal atmospheric pressure. Spacesuits cover the entire body, and they have gloves for the hands and a helmet for the head, including a clear visor for the face. Astronauts wear spacesuits when they fly in the space shuttle, rockets, or space stations. For Extravehicular activity they wear a heavier, more complex kind of spacesuit.

Parts of Space suit 

A generalised, typical space suit is made of several pieces which has various properties. 
Environmental suits
Spaceflight
Weasels are the genus Mustela, part of the Mustelidae family. The genus includes the weasels, polecats, stoats, ferrets and minks. 

Weasels are small, active predators, long and slender with short legs. Their body shape is adapted to going down burrows after prey such as rabbits. There are 17 species, and they live all over the world except for Antarctica and Australasia.

Weasels vary in length from 173 to 217 mm (6.8 to 8.5 in). They have red or brown upper coats, white underneath. Their tails may be from 34 to 52 mm (1.3 to 2.0 in) long. 

Biologically, despite looking a bit like cats, they are actually more related to  dogs.

Other websites 
Weasel riding on woodpecker.

References 

Mustelids
In 1920, the International Conference on Passports, Customs Formalities and Through Tickets made a law that said passports must be issued in French and at least one other language. Now, many countries issue passports in English and the language(s) of the issuing country.

References
 Lloyd, Martin (2003). The Passport: The History of Man's Most Travelled Document.  Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. .
 Salter, Mark B. (2003). "Rights of Passage: The Passport in International Relations." Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
 Torpey, John (2000). "The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Travel
Identification documents
The University of Nottingham is a university in the city of Nottingham, in the United Kingdom. It has four different sites in the United Kingdom. It also has a site in China and a site in Malaysia. It was named the 'University of the Year' in 2006 by the London newspaper, The Times.

The University of Nottingham is ranked in the UK's Top 10 and the World's Top 100 universities by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and the Times Higher Education - Quacquarelli Symonds World University Rankings.

Associations 
Nottingham University is the fifth largest university in the UK. It is a member of:
 the Russell Group,
 Universitas 21,
 the Association of Commonwealth Universities,
 and the European University Association.

References

Other websites 

 University of Nottingham website

Nottingham
1798 establishments in Europe
18th-century establishments in England
Metastasis is what happens when cancer spreads from its original place to another part of the body.  Cancer cells spread from the original site to other places in the body by traveling through the bloodstream. When the cancer cells stick to a new place in the body, they grow and form another tumor there. Metastasis makes cures more difficult, or in many cases impossible.

Cancer
The dingo is a dog found in Australia and South-East Asia. They are not found in Tasmania, where the sea levels cut the island off from mainland Australia about 10,000 years ago. 

The earliest known dingo remains was found in Western Australia. It dates to 3,450 years ago. However, the genes show that the dingo reached Australia 8,300 years ago. The humans which brought them are unknown.  Dingo morphology has not changed over the past 3,500 years: this suggests that artificial selection has not been done over this period. 
 
Their scientific name, Canis lupus (wolf) dingo, was changed recently from Canis familiaris (dog) dingo. This was to show it is related to the white footed wolf which lives in Asia.

Description 
Dingos (or Dingoes) are usually between 117 cm to 124 cm in length. Their tail is about 30 cm in length. They usually weigh between 10 kg and 20 kg. The colour of their fur is usually yellow-ginger, but can sometimes include tan, black, white or sandy colours. They live for about 14 years.
Dingos live in packs of between 3 and 12, but they can be seen alone as well. The leaders are the alpha male and the alpha female and are usually the only pair to breed. Young dingos are called "cubs". The breeding season is in March and April. After a gestation of 63 days, the adult females usually give birth to 4-5 cubs in a litter. Mothers will regurgitate food for the cubs to eat. They become independent of their mother after four to eight months of age.

Dingos do not bark like other dogs, but they do howl.

Diet 
Dingos are carnivores and eat other animals such as kangaroos, wallabies, wallaroos, rabbits, rodents, lizards, sheep, calves, poultry and carrion. It believed to have hunted several animal species to extinction including some species of bandicoots and rat kangaroos. They often hunt in packs.
Managing dingos 
While some people keep dingos as pets, they are regarded as a pest by farmers. They are controlled by trapping, shooting, poisoning (with sodium monofluoroacetate), and fences. The dingo fence which runs through South Australia, and then along the New South Wales border through to central Queensland is the world's longest fence. Dingos are protected in national parks and reserves.
It is illegal to have a dingo as a pet in South Australia, Queensland and Tasmania. In Victoria and the Northern Territory you have to have a special permit to keep a dingo. The dingo can be a dangerous animal: they have attacked people at times. On April 30, 2001, a nine-year-old boy was attacked and killed on Fraser Island by a dingo. A dingo is believed to have killed a baby, Azaria Chamberlain, at Uluru in August, 1980. This became a world famous case when her mother was sent to jail for murdering the baby. She was later found innocent and released. Evil Angels, a book about Azaria by John Bryson, was made into a movie starring Meryl Streep.

References 

Dog breeds originating in Australia
Canids
The Silk Road was a group of trade routes that went across Asia to the Mediterranean Sea. This let China trade with the Middle East and the Mediterranean world.

It was called the Silk Road because silk was traded along it. At the time, silk was only made in China, and it was a valuable material. 
The Silk Road not only earned China a lot of money, but all along the route cities prospered and markets flourished. Cities like Samarkand and Bukhara were built largely on the trade from the silk route.

Trade on the Silk Road played a big part in the growth of the ancient cultures of China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, and Rome, and helped to make the beginning of today's world. The term Silk Road is English for the German word "Seidenstraße". The first person who called it that was a German geographer in 1877.
General trading 
Of course, many other things were also traded, even ideas. Because the traders came from many places, different ideas were brought to China, and China's ideas were taken to other places.

Some of the other things traded were porcelain and other types of pottery, food, wine, and spices. Chess pieces from northern India were brought to China and Persia. Paper arrived in the west from China. Metals and jewels were certainly transported, and very likely slaves also. Probably no trader went the whole way along. Goods would be traded on at every stopping-point. Deals might be needed to get past difficult places.

Path 
The Silk Road first traveled west from northern China. Then the part of the Silk Road on land split into two branches. One branch went north of the Tibetan Plateau, and the other branch went south of it.
After the two parts rejoined, it went in an almost straight line west through mountains via Tabriz in north Iran and the north tip of the Syrian Desert to the Levant (Syria, Israel, Palestine). From there Mediterranean trading ships took routes to Italy, and land routes went north through Byzantine Empire or south to North Africa.

The sea route was also called the "Silk Road". It ran from South China, to the Philippines, Brunei, Siam, Malacca, Ceylon, India, Pakistan, and Iran.  In Europe it went between Israel, Lebanon, Egypt, Greece, Balkans, and Italy. Past the Mediterranean Sea, it continued to Portugal and Sweden.
Asian trades 
The Buddhist religion and the Greco-Buddhist culture started to move east on the Silk Road, reaching China from around the second century BC. Trading also helped make many arts and crafts, brought different religions, and food to China. Chinese people helped build the Silk Road. They bought and sold with other people, and built up their culture. 
The Kushan empire, in the northwest part of India, was in the middle of these trades.

The Silk Road brought other cultures into Central Asia and China. It also helped the rise of the Mongol Empire, the largest land empire ever.

The Roman Empire, which bought a lot of Chinese goods, began to fall from power in the West around the 5th century. In Central Asia, Islam expanded starting in the 7th century. This brought a stop to Chinese growth westwards at the Battle of Talas in 751 AD. More growth of the Islamic Turks in Central Asia from the 10th century stopped trade in that part of the world.

Notes

Other websites
Other websites 

 The history of the Silk Road by Oliver Wild 
 Introduction of the Silk Road from a Turkish tour guide
 Old World Traditional Trade Routes Project 
 Photos of Silk Road China Sights

History of China
Trade routes
History of Asia
History of the Middle East
Economy of Africa
Isis is a goddess in Egyptian mythology. She was known as the goddess of the moon. As the goddess of life and magic, Isis protected women and children, and healed the sick. Closely linked to the throne, she was one of the greatest goddesses of Ancient Egypt.

Her symbols were the ankh, her wings, and her throne headdress. She was the sister and wife of Osiris. Isis and Osiris had a son named Horus.

Name 
The English pronunciation used, ), comes from the pronunciation of the Greek name, , which changed the Egyptian name by adding a final "-s" because of the grammatical requirements of Greek noun endings.

The Egyptian name was recorded as  or . It meant '(She of the Throne)'. However, the true Egyptian pronunciation is not known because their writing system left out vowels. Based on recent studies, the reconstructed pronunciation of her name is * (ooh-saht). Later, the name in Coptic dialects was "Ēse" or "Ēsi".
To make it easier to say, Egyptologists choose to say the word as "ee-set". Sometimes they may also say "ee-sa". This is because the last "t" in her name was a feminine (female) suffix which is known to have been dropped in speech in the last stages of the Egyptian language.

Cults 
Isis was perhaps the most important goddess of all Egyptian mythology.  During the course of Egyptian history, Isis assumed the attributes and functions of virtually every other important goddess in the land. Her most important functions, however, were those of motherhood, marital devotion, healing the sick, and the working of magical spells and charms. She was believed to be the most powerful magician in the universe, because she had learned the Secret Name of Ra from the god himself. Isis was the sister and wife of Osiris, sister of Set, and twin sister of Nephthys. She was the mother of Horus the Child (Harpocrates), and was the protective goddess of Horus's son Amset, protector of the liver of the deceased.
Isis was responsible for protecting Horus from Set during his infancy; for helping Osiris to return to life; and for assisting her husband to rule in the land of the Dead. 

Her cult seems to have originally centred, like her husband's, at Abydos near the Delta in the North (Lower Egypt). She was adopted into the family of Ra early in Egyptian history by the priests of Heliopolis. From the New Kingdom onwards (c. 1500 BC) her worship no longer had any particular identifiable centre, and she became more or less universally worshipped, as her husband was.

Powers 
Isis had great powers such as: healing, protection, and magic. She could even cast spells on Ra.  An example of her powers is when Isis brought Osiris back to life for one night.  The powers were only strong enough to bring Osiris back for a single night.
Isis is shown with a sun disk on her head.  She also had a throne on her head to symbolize she was a queen.  Sometimes Isis is called the egg of the goose because Geb is the father of Isis and goose represents him.

Worship of Isis 

Many Egyptian gods and goddesses started in one place, or were the tutelary deity of one place all through their history.  Many big cities and towns are known as the hometowns of their god or goddess.  However, no local cities where Isis was worshipped have been found; all through her early history there are no known temples to her. Worship of Isis did not start until as late as the 30th dynasty; until that time Isis was worshipped in temples of other gods or goddesses. However, even in the 30th dynasty Isis was worshipped together with Horus and Osiris. Temples to Isis became common in the Roman times. There was a temple built to her at Philae.
By this time, temples to Isis began to spread outside of Egypt. In many places her followers took over the worship to the Semitic goddess Astarte, because of the similarity of names. In the Hellenistic era, she also became the goddess who protected sailors. 

In all parts of the Graeco-Roman world, Isis became one of the most important figures of the "mystery religions", and many classical writers sometimes wrote about her temples, and followers. Temples to Isis were built in Iraq, Greece, Rome, even as far north as England where the remains of a temple were found at Hadrian's Wall. At Philae, she was worshipped until the 6th century, after the rise of Christianity. The fall of her temples is usually said to mark the end of ancient Egypt.

Priesthood
Priesthood 

Little information on Egyptian priests of Isis has been found, but we know that there were both priests and priestesses of her followers all through her history. By the Graeco-Roman era, many of them were healers, and were said to have many other powers, including explaining dreams and the power to control the weather by braiding or combing their hair.
{reflist}

References

Other websites
 http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/isis.htm
 http://www.ancient-egypt.org
 http://www.touregypt.net/isis.htm

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses of agriculture
In Egyptian mythology, Osiris is the god of life, death, the flooding of the Nile, and the afterlife. He was the brother and husband of Isis. They had a son named Horus. Osiris was murdered by his brother Set because Osiris was the pharaoh, which Set wanted to be. Osiris was killed when Set tricked him into getting into a box, then poured lead onto the box to close it so Osiris could not get out of it. However, Isis brought Osiris back to life for one night. After Horus was old enough, he defeated Set and became the pharaoh. Osiris' mother was the goddess Nut, father Geb, sister Nephthys, and sister as well as wife Isis.

Osiris and Dionysus
Why Egypt loved Osiris 
Egyptian civilization loved Osiris because he was a wise and gentle king. He taught them law and order and led them away from savage practices like cannibalism and human sacrifice. Osiris also taught them the art of agriculture and the appropriate rites for worshipping the gods. When he was done civilizing the people in Egypt, he left the country to his wife Isis and made peace in many other places. When he finished his job he then returned to Egypt.

Purpose 
Osiris was the god of the Underworld. He was also one of the Nine Gods. One of his duties as Lord of the Dead was to do the very last judgment of the Dead, and after that to protect people from the dangers of the Underworld. The transition between life and death must have been a great experience, but still perilous .

Appearance
Appearance 

Osiris was shown in the form of a mummified pharaoh. He wore a white atef crown with feathers on the side, and held a crook and flail; tools of a pharaoh. Osiris had green skin, symbolizing rebirth to the Egyptians.

References

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Afterlife
Mummies
ISO 3166-2:BR is an ISO standard which defines geocodes: it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Brazil. It covers 1 Federal District and 26 states.

Brazil
ISO Brazil
His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a group of advisors to the British Monarch. Most of its important work is done by two committees,
 The Cabinet. All cabinet ministers are made Privy Councillors (or Privy Counsellors), as are other important politicians. These include the leaders of the big political parties.
 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The most senior judges in England and Wales sit on this committee

Some laws need to be made by the "King-in-Council", that is at a meeting of the King and the Privy Council. Some jobs are filled by the King in Council too. For example, when the King appoints a new Bishop or Lord-lieutenant he announces his choice at a meeting of the Privy Council.
Meetings of the Privy Council 
Once someone is made a member of the Privy Council they are a member for life, but only members of the government are asked to meetings, except for special occasions such as when a new monarch takes the "Accession Oath", a promise to do their best, at a meeting when the Privy Council called the Accession Council 

In the past some kings and queens were bored by long meetings of the Privy Council, so they made everyone stand instead of sitting comfortably. The tradition carries on today.

Privy Council Terms 
Sometimes the Prime Minister shares information with other politicians on Privy Council Terms. This means that the information must stay secret.

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 
The Law Lords, and retired Law Lords, also form the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. It is the final court of appeal from British colonies an dependent territories, and some commonwealth realms. These countries call it an appeal to The King in Council.
The Commonwealth Realms 
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Bahamas
 Barbados
 Belize
 Cook Islands and Niue (Associated States of New Zealand)
 Grenada
 Jamaica
 St. Christopher and Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 Tuvalu

The Overseas dependent Territories 
 The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (in Cyprus)
 Anguilla
 Bermuda
 British Virgin Islands
 Cayman Islands
 Falkland Islands
 Gibraltar
 Montserrat
 The Pitcairn Islands
 Saint Helena and dependencies (Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha)
 Turks and Caicos Islands

Republics in the Commonwealth 
Four republics in the commonwealth also use the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as a court of appeal.
 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
 Commonwealth of Dominica
 Kiribati
 Mauritius

Brunei 
From the Court of Appeal of Brunei the only appeal is to the Sultan of Brunei. The Queen and the Sultan have agreed that the cases are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council who then advise the Sultan, directly.
Domestic Jurisdiction 
The committee hears Appeals to His Majesty in Council:
 from Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man;
 from the Disciplinary Committee of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons;
 against some plans of the Church Commissioners.
 about "devolution issues", (the powers of the Scottish Parliament, or the Northern Ireland or Welsh Assemblies) if

 A Law Officer refers a Bill, directly to the committee.

 there is an appeal from certain superior courts of England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

 Devolution issues can be referred to the Judicial Committee by -

 certain appellate courts, including the House of Lords, and

 any court or tribunal, if required to do so by the appropriate Law Officer.

 A Law Officer refers "devolution issues" that are not about current bills.
Very rarely the Committee hears:
 Appeals from the Church of England's Court of Arches  of Canterbury and the Chancery Court of York.
 Appeals from Prize Courts,which hear the value of ships and their cargo.
 Disputes under the House of Commons Disqualification Act, about whether someone is allowed to be a Member of Parliament
 Appeals from the Court of Admiralty of the Cinque Ports.

The committee must also report to the King about anything he ask. For example, investigating which members of the House of Lords supported the enemy in World War I.

References 

Politics of the United Kingdom
A patrician was a member of the upper class in the two social classes in Ancient Rome. They were rich and powerful. The other class was the plebeian class.

References 
Kurt Raaflaub, ed. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders (Blackwell Publishing, 2005)
Gary Forsythe, 2005, A Critical History of Early Rome. University of California Press. 
Kenny Zeng, 2007, A History Of Ancient and Early Rome

Other websites 
www.bartleby.com/65/pa/patricia.html 
https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/patricians.html
W.A.S.P. is an American heavy metal band. The band was formed in 1982 in Los Angeles, California by Blackie Lawless, Rik Fox, Randy Piper and Tony Richards.

Current members 
Blackie Lawless - Vocals, guitar and bass guitar
Doug Blair - Guitar
Mike Duda - Bass guitar
Mike Dupke - Drums

Former members 
Glenn Soderling
Stet Howland
Rik Fox
Tony Richards
Johnny Rod
Frankie Banali
Chris Holmes
Randy Piper
Steve Riley
Bob Kulick
Patrick Johansson
Darrell Roberts
Don Costa

Studio albums 
W.A.S.P.
The Last Command
Inside The Electric Circus
The Headless Children
The Crimson Idol
Still Not Black Enough
Kill Fuck Die
Helldorado
Unholy Terror
Dying For The World
The Neon God: Part 1 - The Rise
The Neon God: Part 2 - The Demise
Dominator
Babylon

Live albums 
Live...In The Raw
Double Live Assassins
The Sting
Live...Animal (EP)

Video 
The Sting

References

Other websites
The Official W.A.S.P. Nation Website
WASP Arena Of Pleasure Fan Site
1982 establishments in California
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American hard rock bands
American heavy metal bands
Glam metal bands
Musical groups established in 1982
Musical groups from Los Angeles
The Virginia Tech massacre was a school shooting on April 16, 2007, which took place at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, a college in Blacksburg, Virginia, United States. Seung-Hui Cho, a senior English major at Virginia Tech, who had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and selective mutism killed 32 people before killing himself. The killings occurred in two separate attacks on the campus. The first at around 7:15 a.m., when two students were shot and killed at  West Ambler Johnston Hall, a co-ed residence hall that houses 894 students. More than two and a half hours later, 31 others, including Cho, were shot and killed across Norris Hall, which houses the Engineering Science and Mechanics program among others, where three main doors had been chained. Victims were found in different locations around the building.
Among the victims the most notable was that of Professor and Holocaust survivor Liviu Librescu who died while shielding his students from the gunman. Librescu was killed after being shot five times.

Virginia Tech President Charles W. Steger and U.S. President George W. Bush attended vigils to honor the victims at the institution.

The number of people that died was more than any other mass shooting in modern U.S. history up until the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. Before then, the deadliest campus shooting in United States history was in 1966 at the University of Texas, where Charles Whitman climbed to the 28th-floor observation deck of a clock tower and opened fire, killing 16 people before he was gunned down by police. In the Columbine High attack in 1999, two teenagers killed 12 fellow students and a teacher before killing themselves.

References
References

2007 in the United States
2000s in Virginia
April events
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2000s
Attacks on schools in the United States
Crime in Virginia
Mass murder in the 2000s
Massacres in the United States
Murder in 2007
2000s murders in the United States
Murder-suicides in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
University and college shootings in the United States
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (born 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia) is a two-time Grammy Award-winning and 10 Latin Grammy Award-winning Colombian-Lebanese singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, record producer, dancer, UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador and occasional actress, first season of the coach The Voice.

Mebarak is also a philanthropist. She has created the NGO's Pies Descalzos Foundation in Colombia, and the Barefoot Foundation in the US, to help children world-wide.

Mebarak is also known for having made a song named "Timor" based on fighting in East Timor between gangs (groups of criminals with guns), security forces (small personal armies), and the government.

The first single from Mebarak's tenth album was released in January 2014. Shakira by Mebarak was released on 21 March 2014.
Career
In 1991 Shakira's first album Magia was released. Her second album Pies Descalzos was released in 1993. Her first hit in Colombia was her third record, “¿Dónde Estás Corazón?" from 1995. In 2001 she released her first English album Laundry Service. The album's first single "Whenever, Wherever" was the best selling single of 2001. In 2005 she released her second English album Oral Fixation, Vol.2. In 2009 She Wolf was released. The first single "She Wolf" reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. On 14 January 2014 Shakira released a single with Rihanna, "Can't Remember to Forget You".
Personal life
Shakira's first language is Spanish. She also speaks Portuguese and English. In addition she can speak some Italian, French, Catalan and Arabic/Japanese. Accordingly, she records songs in both English and Spanish, as well as having covered Francis Cabrel's song Je l'aime à mourir in French and Fairuz's Aatini Al Nay in Arabic as an homage to her home country of Lebanon.  She has two sons, Milan (born 2013) and Sasha (born 2015) with her former boyfriend, Gerard Piqué. In July 2018, Mebarak came back to Lebanon with her family. She visited her grandmother's village of Tannourine where she was granted a square in her name. A statue of the pop-star is set to be built soon in the mentioned village. She also visited her father's hometown, Zahle.

Discography

Singles

References

Other websites 
 aCharts Data
 2007 New Entries
 refused-to-perform in FIFA 2022
 Current Single Placing
 Barefoot Foundation  official site
 Fundación Pies Descalzos  official site
1977 births
Living people
Colombian singer-songwriters
Dancers
Grammy Award winners
Latin Grammy Award winners
Latin singers
People from Barranquilla
South American philanthropists
Pop musicians
 
Colombian models
Colombian musicians
Joe Louis (born Joseph Louis Barrow, May 13, 1914 - April 12, 1981) was an American boxer. He was the world heavyweight champion from 1937 to 1949. Louis won the title from James Braddock. He made a record twenty-five title defenses before giving up the title in 1949.

Career 
Perhaps his most famous fight was his one-round knockout of Max Schmeling, the German former heavyweight champion, in 1938. Schmeling had given Louis his only loss up to that point, and was widely seen at that time as a representative of Nazi Germany. The buildup to the fight was wrapped up in the politics of the United States versus Nazi Germany.

When World War II began, Louis signed up for the U.S. Army. While in the army, he boxed 100 exhibition bouts.

Death 
Louis died of a heart attack in Paradise, Nevada on April 12, 1981. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Legacy 
He has an arena named after him, the Joe Louis Arena where the Detroit Red Wings play.

References

Other websites 
Brown Bomber, a hero to many