Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Terms
Short films or movies are sometimes called short subjects. Before 1910 all American movies were short subjects. Another term used for short films is avant-garde or "avant-garde short films". The term featurette originally was used for a movie or film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film. Documentaries are almost always short films. So are many training films.

Genre
Short films are usually made by independent filmmakers and are not for profit. They are made with a low budget or no budget at all. Shorts are usually funded by film grants, non profit organizations, Sponsors, or personal funds. Short films are generally used by filmmakers to gain experience. They are also used to prove their talent in order to gain funding for future films. They want to attract private investors, entertainment companies, or film studios. Most film festivals show feature films or movies but also show short films. Some short films are shown along with a feature film.

References
References

Other websites
 Festival 2015 : Cannes Court Métrage (short films)
 How to Make a Short Film, wikiHow

 
Movie industry
Eduardo Hughes Galeano (3 September 1940 – 13 April 2015) was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist. His best-known works are Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire Trilogy, 19826).

Galeano died in Montevideo, Uruguay from lung cancer, aged 74."

References

Other websites
Other websites

Interview with Eduardo Galeano
Sandra Cisneros reads "Los Nadies/The Nobodies" by Eduardo Galeano from Book of Embraces, El libro de los abrazos (1989)  " ".
"'Voices of Time': Legendary Uruguayan Writer Eduardo Galeano on Immigration, Latin America, Iraq, Writing – and Soccer ,"  Democracy Now! 19 May 2006
"Reflections from Eduardo Galeano ," The Leonard Lopate Show, 19 May 2006.
"Writer Without Borders "—interview by Scott Widmer on In These Times
"Author of the Month ," Escritores.org
The Guardian: Chávez creates overnight bestseller with book gift to Obama
Eduardo Galeano Interviewed by Jonah Raskin by Monthly Review, October 2009
Uruguayan Author Eduardo Galeano Returns with Mirrors: Stories of Almost Everyone – video report by Democracy Now!
Haiti Occupied Country 

1940 births
2015 deaths
Writers from Montevideo
Uruguayan educators
Tom Towles (March 20, 1950 – April 2, 2015) was an American actor. He was known for his roles Night of the Living Dead, Fortress, Mad Dog and Glory, Blood in Blood Out, House of 1000 Corpses, and its sequel, The Devil's Rejects.

References

Other websites

1950 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Chicago
Ronnie Carroll (born Ronald Cleghorn, 18 August 1934 – 13 April 2015) was a Northern Irish singer and entertainer. Carroll was born in Roslyn Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland. He stood in the Haltemprice and Howden by-election, 2008 as a candidate for Make Politicians History and received 29 votes despite announcing that he was trying to enter the record books by receiving no votes.

He lived in Hampstead, London. Carroll died aged 80 on 13 April 2015 from a short-illness.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2015 deaths
Irish politicians
Irish singers
Musicians from Belfast
Patrice Dominguez (12 January 1950 – 12 April 2015) was a French tennis player. He was born in Algiers, Algeria. He represented France in the Davis Cup between 1971 and 1979. He then became a trainer for several players such as Henri Leconte and Fabrice Santoro. He also worked as an analyst for different French media. Between 2005 and 2011 he was the national technical director of the French Tennis Federation.

Dominguez died on 12 April 2015 from lung disease at the age of 65.

References

1950 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung disease
French tennis players
Sportspeople from Algiers
The Tin Drum () is a 1959 novel by Günter Grass. The novel is the first book of Grass's  (Danzig Trilogy). It was made into a movie in 1979. 

1959 books
German literature
Mario Adorf (born 8 September 1930) is a Swiss-born German movie actor. He was known for his roles as "Alfred Matzerath" in The Tin Drum (1979). He has also wrote many autobiographies about his career. Adorf was born in Zürich, Switzerland.

Other websites

 Official website
 
 Photographs and literature

1930 births
Living people
German movie actors
German television actors
German writers
Actors from Zürich
Paul Konrad Muller (born 11 March 1923 in Neuchâtel) is a Swiss character actor. He was known for his roles in Journey to Italy (1954), Nightmare Castle (1965) and Vampyros Lesbos (1971).

Other websites

1923 births
Living people
Swiss actors
People from Neuchâtel
Michèle Morgan (; 29 February 1920 – 20 December 2016) was a French movie actress.

Morgan was born Simone Renée Roussel in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, a wealthy western suburb of Paris.

Morgan was known for her roles in Port of Shadows, Passage to Marseille (alongside Humphrey Bogart), Stormy Waters, Fabiola, The Proud and the Beautiful, and in The Grand Maneuver.

Morgan died on 20 December 2016 at her home in Paris, aged 96.

Trivia 
The former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet was named after Michèle Morgan.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Michèle Morgan at filmsdefrance.com
 Photographs of Michèle Morgan

1920 births
2016 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
Actors from Hauts-de-Seine
People from Neuilly-sur-Seine
A Killer Among Friends is a 1992 made-for-television movie. It aired on CBS on December 8, 1992. Based on a true story, the movie stars Patty Duke as a mother grieving for her murdered daughter (Tiffani Thiessen). She sets out to find the killer. The movie is based on the real life murder of Michele "Missy" Avila.

Cast
Patty Duke Jean Monroe
Tiffani Thiessen as Jennifer Anne "Jenny" Monroe
Margaret Welsh as Ellen Holloway
Angie Rae McKinney as Carla Lewis
David Cubitt as Greg Monroe
Janne Mortil as Kathy Pearl
Loretta Swit as Detective Patricia Staley
Debra Sharkey as Sheryl Monroe
Chad Todhunter as Adam Monroe
Ben Bass as Steve
William S. Taylor as Detective Mike Collins
Babs Chula as Diane
Matthew Bennett as Dan
Heather and Shannon Beaty as Celeste
Barry Pepper as Mickey Turner
Lisa Vultaggio as Susan

References

Other websites 
 A Killer Among Friends, IMDb

1992 movies
The Trevi fountain is a fountain in Rome. It lies in the Trevi district, from which it gets its name. The current fountain was built from 1732 to 1736 in Baroque style. At about  high and about  wide the Trevi fountain is Rome's largest fountain. It is also one of the best-known ones.

History
History

In the year 19 BC, Marcus Agrippa commissioned an aqueduct to provide water for the baths he had built in the city. This aqueduct is about  long, and has been in use since then. From the 12th century, the aqueduct provided water to three fountains in the current Via del Corso in Rome. Pope Nicholas V ordered the restoration of the aqueduct, in the 15th cenrury. The new aqueduct ended in a different place. Leon Battista Alberti constructed a simple fountain, which provided water from three openings. The wall of this fountain also bore the signs of the pope. Pope Pius IV also had the aqueduct restored, about a century later, from 1561 to 1570. Pope Urban VIII ordered a new fountain to be built; for lack of money, all that was done is that the place before the fountain was enlarged.

Buildings and structures in Rome
Fountains
Mount Hope is a mountain in Antarctica. Ernest Shackleton named it in 1908, when he was on an expedition to reach the geographic south pole. The expedition was named Nimrod Expedition. Mount Hope has a height of 835m. Shackleton climbed the mountain to get a better view of the sourrounding area. On the top of the mountain, Shackleton had a better view of the Beardmore Glacier. Shackleton and his team reached the polar plateau, but did not reach the geographic south pole. 

Three years later, Robert Falcon Scott started an expedition which used the route Shackleton had taken. They reached the south pole, but fronze to death on their way back.

Mountains of Antarctica
Andover, Kansas is a city in southeast Kansas. It is near Wichita. At the 2010 census, 11,791 people lived there. On April 26, 1991, Andover was severely damaged by an F5 tornado.

References

Cities in Butler County, Kansas
Anselmo has also worked as a voice actor for the Kingdom Hearts series. This featured Donald Duck as one of three main characters. He also provided the voice of Donald in the video game Kinect Disneyland Adventures in 2011. Anselmo attended the Character Animation program at the California Institute of the Arts. As an animator, Anselmo has worked on such Disney theatrical films as The Black Cauldron, The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King, Tarzan and The Emperor's New Groove. In September 2009, Tony Anselmo was named a Disney Legend.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Animator

References

1960 births
Living people
American voice actors
American animators
Actors from Salt Lake City, Utah
James Todd Spader (born February 7, 1960) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in Stargate (1994), Wolf (1994), Crash (1996), Secretary (2002), Boston Legal (2004) and The Blacklist (2013). He played Robert California in The Office.

Spader was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 James Spader at Emmys.com

Emmy Award winning actors
1960 births
Living people
Actors from Boston
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Mortimer Maxwell Caplin (July 11, 1916 – July 15, 2019) was an American lawyer and educator. He was the founding member of Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered. Caplin served on John F. Kennedy's Task Force on Taxation and in January 1961. He appointed U.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

Caplin was born in New York City, New York. He turned 100 in July 2016. Caplin died on July 15, 2019 in Chevy Chase, Maryland at the age of 103.

References

Other websites

D.C. Bar Legends in the Law 
Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered 
UVA's Mortimer Caplin Public Service Center 
Images of Mortimer Caplin (Source: Life)  
 Lewis Gilbert, Still Timely 
 Multiplex: Ruth Caplin Theatre Curtains Go Up 
 UVA's Innovative Ruth Caplin Theatre Opens Its Doors Tonight
 U.Va. Drama Department Ends Season, Begins Era at State-of-the-Art Ruth Caplin Theatre
 Chevy Chase Couple Has Dedication to Dance, Arts
1916 births
2019 deaths
University of Virginia faculty
Lawyers from New York City
American centenarians
Commissioners of Internal Revenue
Businesspeople from New York City
Writers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Al-Ustaj Umbra Amiril Kato (18 May 1946 – 14 April 2015) was a Filipino terrorist. He was the founder of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) a group which seceded from Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). 

He joined the MILF after 1985, after he graduated from Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Umbra Kato was the Philippine's most wanted man though due to his still official membership in the MILF.

Kato died of a heart attack at the age of 68.

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Filipino military people
Muslim terrorists
Herbert W. "Herb" Trimpe (May 26, 1939 – April 13, 2015) was an American comic book artist and occasional writer. He was best known as the seminal 1970s artist on The Incredible Hulk and as the first artist to draw for publication the character Wolverine, who later became a breakout star of the X-Men.

He was born in Peekskill, New York.

Trimpe died suddenly in Hurley, New York on April 13, 2015 at the age of 75.

References

1939 births
2015 deaths
American comics artists
American comics writers
Writers from New York (state)
John Victor Romita Sr. (January 24, 1930 – June 12, 2023) was an American comic-book artist. He was best known for his work on Marvel Comics' The Amazing Spider-Man and for co-creating Wolverine. He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2002. He was born in New York City.

Romita died in his sleep on June 12, 2023, at the age of 93.

References

1930 births
2023 deaths
American comics writers
American comics artists
Writers from New York City
"When a Man Loves a Woman" is a 1966 R&B song by Percy Sledge. The song hit #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also was #1 on the R&B singles chart. The song was later performed by Michael Bolton in 1991. His version won a Grammy Award. Barbara Mandrell recorded a country music version of this song, also in 1991.

References

1966 songs
1960s ballads
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Rhythm and blues ballads
Grammy Award winning songs
Percy Sledge songs
Bette Midler songs
Michael Bolton songs
Jimmy Barnes songs
Joe Cocker songs
Esther Phillips songs
Celadon is a term for ceramics meaning both a type of glaze and color. Celadon originated in China. Kilns such as the Longquan kiln in Zhejiang province are known for their celadon works. Celadon production later spread to other regions in Asia, such as Japan and Korea and Thailand.

References 

Ceramics
Micheline Presle (born 22 August 1922) is a French actress. She was known for her roles in Devil in the Flesh, Paris Frills, The Legend of Frenchie King, Donkey Sin, and Adventures of Captain Fabian.

Other websites

Micheline Presle at Allocine (French language)

1922 births
Living people
French movie actors
Actors from Paris
Homaro Cantu (September 23, 1976 – April 14, 2015) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, chef and  molecular gastronomer. He owned and operated the Cantu Designs Firm and Moto Restaurant in Chicago, Illinois.

On April 14, 2015, Cantu's body was found hanging inside a building he purchased in hopes of renovating it into a brewery on the Northwest Side of Chicago. Cantu was 38. After an autopsy on April 15, the Cook County medical examiner’s office officially declared Cantu's death a suicide.

References

Other websites
 "Future Food Television Series"
 Cantu Designs 
 Fast Company Article: "Homaro Cantu's Weird Science" (May 2006)
 Moto Restaurant 
 FLYP Media multimedia article: "A Menu with Meaning" 

1976 births
2015 deaths
People who committed suicide
American chefs
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from Tacoma, Washington
Norman "Norm" Howard Bangerter (January 4, 1933 – April 14, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 13th Governor of Utah from 1985 to 1993. He was the first Republican elected to the position since 1965.

On April 14 2015, Bangerter suffered a stroke and later died at the age of 82 in Murray, Utah.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
American Latter Day Saints
Deaths from stroke
Governors of Utah
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Deep Throat or Deep-throat may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Deep Throat (movie), 1972 pornographic movie
 Deep Throat (The X-Files), a character in The X-Files
 "Deep Throat" (The X-Files episode)
 Deep Throat (album), 2002 album by Henry Rollins
 The Deep Throat Sex Scandal, 2010 American play
 "Deep Throats", 2006 episode of Family Guy
 Gray Fox (Metal Gear) or Deepthroat, a character in Metal Gear Solid

Other uses
 Deep Throat (Watergate), the anonymous source (later revealed to be Mark Felt) in The Washington Post investigation of U.S. President Nixon's 1972 Watergate scandal
 Deep-throating, a type of fellatio
 GBU-28, a bunker buster bomb nicknamed "Deep Throat" 
 Deep Throat or Win32.DeepThroat, a Trojan horse
The 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane was a severe tropical cyclone. The entire U.S. Atlantic seaboard was affected in September 1944. The hurricane struck several states from North Carolina to New York and central New England. The storm killed 300-400 people. It caused $100 million in damage.

Warnings 
During World War II, the US kept radio silence about military information including weather. The government was aware that German U-boats patrolled the coastal waters. Hurricane-warning flags were posted at coast guard stations and post offices. But weather forecasters wanted the public to know this was a monster storm. The Hurricane Warning Centers in Miami, San Juan, Washington DC and Boston issued a total of 51 warnings. In New York city alone there were thousands of phone calls made and received between September 12 and 15.
Path 
On September 9, 1944, it was first discovered just northeast of Puerto Rico. It was already at hurricane strength. Weather reconnaissance aircraft discovered the eye of the storm over the northern part of the Bahamas. The Miami office of the National Hurricane Center named it "Great Atlantic Hurricane" because of its great size. For the next few days it moved steadily in a west-northwest direction. On September 12, 1944, reconnaissance aircraft reported the storm was growing stronger. At this time the winds were reported at over 150 mph and it was about 500 miles across.
At 10 pm on 14 September the hurricane made landfall on eastern Long Island. At this point it was a category 3 hurricane. It passed just south of Boston, Massachusetts. It moved out to sea at 1:00 am on 15 September. The storm weakened into a tropical storm as it passed near the coast of Maine. It then moved into New Brunswick,Canada. On 15 September it became extratropical. It then merged with another weather system southwest of Greenland.

Damages

Shipping
The hurricane caused a great deal of damage to World War II military ships. Five ships were sunk. The destroyer USS Warrington capsized with a loss of 248 men. The minesweeper YMS-409 also capsized. The United States Coast Guard Cutters Bedloe and Jackson sank off the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Between the two 47 men were lost. The Coast Guard Lightvessel Vineyard Sound was sunk. The entire crew was lost.
New Jersey 
New Jersey was one of the hardest hit states. Nine were killed and 390 were injured. More than 400 homes were completely destroyed with about 3,000 damaged. Atlantic City got the worst part of the storm. Heavy flooding and high winds caused a great deal of damage. Reports said there were tidal waves 50 to 60 feet high.

Notes

References

Other websites 

 Storm Stories: 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, YouTube
 GREAT ATLANTIC HURRICANE 1944, trees at Rockefeller center

Great Atlantic Hurricane
Hurricanes in the United States
September 1944 events
Hurricanes in New England
Robert Oscar Peterson (1916–1994) was an American businessman and philanthropist. As the founder of the Jack in the Box restaurant chain, he popularized the drive-through fast food restaurant concept. He is credited with being the first to pair the drive-through window with an intercom system for greater efficiency.  On April 18, 1994, Peterson died in San Diego, California of leukemia at age 78.

References 

1916 births
1994 deaths
Businesspeople from San Diego, California
Deaths from leukemia
Leilani Leeane (born October 1, 1992) is the stage name of an African-American model and pornographic actress.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 
 
 Leilani Leeanne at the Internet Adult Film Database
 Leilani Leeanne at the Adult Film Database
 Leilani Leeane on Model Mayhem

1992 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
African American actors
African-American sex industry people
American adult models
American LGBT sex industry people
American pornographic actors
LGBT pornographic actors
Models from California
ILOVEYOU was a computer worm that first appeared on May 5, 2000. The worm was sent by email using the subject "ILOVEYOU", with the worm attached. The worm would look like a text file, until it was opened. The file would be called LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU.txt.vbs. Because of Microsoft Windows' default options, the user would not see the ".vbs" extension, and mistake it for a harmless text file which cannot execute code.

Many of the files on the computer would be replaced by the worm. Depending on what version was run, the payload would be different, because the worm could be changed so easily. The worm was written in Visual Basic Script, and used Microsoft Outlook to spread. It infected over 45 million computers and caused $10 billion in damages

References

Malware
Bella Moretti (born March 12, 1989 in Las Vegas, Nevada) is the stage name of an Afro-American model and pornographic actress. She started making pornographic movies in 2008. Has also used the aliases Bella Morecti, Bella Marette and Bella Moriett.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 Bella Moretti at the Internet Adult Film Database
 Bella Moretti at the Adult Film Database

1989 births
Living people
Actors from Las Vegas
African-American movie actors
African-American sex industry people
American pornographic actors
Models from Nevada
Michelle Lynn Hall (born March 26, 1986 in Inglewood, California), better known by her stage name Misty Stone, is an Afro-American pornographic actress and fetish model. She started making pornographic movies in 2006. Has also used the aliases Jenny Stone, Misti Stone and Misty.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Misty Stone at the Adult Film Database

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Inglewood, California
African-American movie actors
African-American sex industry people
American adult models
American pornographic actors
Models from California
AVN Award winners
Klaus Bednarz (6 June 1942 – 14 April 2015) was a German journalist and writer. He had been working in television since 1967. From 1971 until 1977, he was a foreign correspondent in Poland and then to the Soviet Union until 1982. He was also a presenter on the programme Monitor. He wrote many books in Polish and Russian. He also won many journalism awards.

Bednarz was born in Falkensee, Brandenburg. He studied at universities in Hamburg, Vienna and Moscow.

Bednarz died on 14 April 2015 in Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, aged 72.

References

Other websites

 

1942 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Germany
German television presenters
German journalists
Writers from Brandenburg
Meir Rosenne (‎; 19 February 1931 – 14 April 2015) was an Israeli lawyer and diplomat. Rosenne was born in Jassy, Romania.

From 1971 until 1979 he served as legal adviser to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1979 until 1983 he served as the Israeli Ambassador to France. From 1983 until 1987 he served as the Israeli Ambassador to the United States. In 1987 Rosenne retired from the diplomatic service. From 1989 until 1994 he served as President of the Israel Bonds Organization.

Rosenne died on 14 April 2015 in Jerusalem, aged 84.

References

Other websites
 A brief biography
 An article by Meir Rosenne regarding UN Security Council resolution 242

1931 births
2015 deaths
Ambassadors of Israel
Israeli Jews
Israeli lawyers
Jewish lawyers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Romanian Jews
Zalman Shoval (, born 28 April 1930) is an Israeli politician and diplomat. He is also active in Israel's economic life.
He was the Israeli ambassador to the United States in the years 1990–1993 and 1998–2000, and an active member of the Knesset in the Rafi party of Ben Gurion, the State List, and the Likud party.

Shoval was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland).

References

1930 births
Living people
Members of the Knesset
German Jews
Likud politicians
Ambassadors of Israel
Jewish Israeli politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from former German territories
People from Gdańsk
Ruth Dayan (born Ruth Schwartz, March 6, 1917 – February 5, 2021) was an Israeli activist. She was the widow of late Israeli general and politician Moshe Dayan. She founded the Maskit fashion house and was active in many social causes.

Ruth Dayan was born in Haifa, Israel. She wrote her memoirs.

She turned 100 in March 2017 and died in February 2021, one month before her 104th birthday. Dayan died at her home in Tel Aviv.

References

1917 births
2021 deaths
Israeli  autobiographers
Israeli activists
Israeli centenarians
Jewish centenarians
People from Haifa
Gloria Henry (born Gloria McEniry; April 2, 1923 – April 3, 2021) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as "Alice Mitchell", Dennis’s mother, from 1959 to 1963 on the CBS family sitcom, Dennis the Menace.

Henry died on April 3, 2021 at her home in Los Angeles, just one day after her 98th birthday.

References

Other websites

 

1923 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New Orleans
Thelma Dorothy Coyne Long (14 October 1918 – 13 April 2015) was an Australian tennis player. She was one of the female players who dominated Australian tennis from the mid-1930s to the 1950s. During her career, she won 19 Grand Slam tournament titles. In 2013, she was added into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Coyne Long was born in Sydney, New South Wales. For a short time in the early 1940s during World War II, she was married to Maurice Newton Long.

Coyne Long died on 13 April 2015 in the Sydney suburb of Narrabeen, aged 96.

References

1918 births
2015 deaths
Australian military people
Australian tennis players
Sportspeople from Sydney
Hermann Schweppenhäuser (12 March 1928 – 8 April 2015) was a German philosopher and publisher. He was a professor of philosophy at the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Uinversity in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and the University of Lüneburg, Germany. He was the author of books on Heidegger, Kierkegaard and Hegel and numerous esaays and articles on philosphical and aesthetical topics. Together with Rolf Tiedemann, he was the editor of the collected works of Walter Benjamin. He was born in Frankfurt am Main an died in Veitshöchheim, Germany at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Biography 

1928 births
2015 deaths
20th-century German philosophers
21st-century German philosophers
German academics
People from Frankfurt
Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and translator.

Benjamin was born to a Jewish family in Berlin, then-German Empire.  

He worked in many subjects such as  German idealism, Romanticism, historical materialism, and Jewish mysticism. He helped aesthetic theory and Western Marxism grow. 

Benjamin committed suicide by taking an overdose of morphine in Portbou at the French–Spanish border while attempting to escape from the Nazis at the age of 48.

Family 
Jewish-East German judge and politician Hilde Benjamin was his brother's wife.

References

Other websites
Walter Benjamin, at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 The Internationale Walter Benjamin Gesellschaft. In English and German.  (Defunct)
 Walter Benjamin at Marxists.org
 Fragments of the Passagenwerk: The Arcades Project, Giles Peaker
 Aufklärung für Kinder, by Walter Benjamin. 30 broadcasts for German Radio between 1929–1932 specifically for children, maybe 7–14 or so, each consisting of a 20 minute talk or monologue.
 One Way Street: Fragments for Walter Benjamin (1993), by John Hughes. This documentary provides clear and accessible introductions to some of the central ideas in Benjamin's writings.
 Protocols to the Experiments on Hashish, Opium and Mescaline  Translated by Scott J. Thompson, copyright March 25, 1997
 From 'Rausch' to Rebellion  An introductory essay by Scott J. Thompson
 Paris, capitale du XIXe siècle In French
 Walter Benjamin Research Syndicate 
 "Walter Benjamin for Historians", American Historical Review, Vol. 106, No. 5. December 2001.
"Walter Benjamin on the idea of Progress" ...and the law of "uneven and combined development"
 Who Killed Walter Benjamin..., (Spain/The Netherlands/Germany, 2005, 73 min.) a documentary film about the circumstances of Benjamin's death by David Mauas
1892 births
1940 deaths
20th-century German philosophers
Cultural critics
Drug-related suicides
German critics
German people of World War II
19th-century German philosophers
Jewish German scientists
Jewish German writers
Marxists
Refugees from Nazism

German translators
Writers from Berlin
Writers who committed suicide
Hans-Georg Gadamer (; February 11, 1900 – March 13, 2002) was a German philosopher. His philosophy was about the continental tradition. He was best known for his 1960 magnum opus Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode) on hermeneutics.

References

Other websites

Hans-Georg Gadamer at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Chronology (in German) 
Works by Gadamer 
Hans-Georg Gadamer: Plato as portratist 
Miguel Ángel Quintana Paz: "On Hermeneutical Ethics and Education", a paper on the relevance of Gadamer's Hermeneutics for our understanding of music, ethics and education in both.
 Larisa Cercel, Auf den Spuren einer verschütteten Evidenz: Übersetzung und Hermeneutik , in: Larisa Cercel (ed.), Übersetzung und Hermeneutik / Traduction et herméneutique , Bucharest, Zeta Books, 2009,  (paperback), 978-973-1997-07-0 (ebook).

1900 births
2002 deaths
20th-century German philosophers
Continental philosophers
German academics
German centenarians
21st-century German philosophers
Writers from Hesse
Luis Humberto Delgado Aparicio Porta (28 September 1940 – 2 April 2015) was a Peruvian politician. He served in the Congress of the Peruvian Government from 1995 to 2001. Before serving as a congressman, Aparicio was a delegate from 1990 through 1992. He was born in Callao, Peru.

Aparicio died in Lima, Peru from pancreatic cancer, aged 74.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Peruvian politicians
Callao
Doctor Zhivago is a 1965 epic romantic drama movie. The movie is about life in Russia before and during World War I and during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922. The movie is based on a novel of the same name. It was written by Boris Pasternak. The movie was banned in the Soviet Union. It could not be made there and also could not be shown in theatres after it was released. It was first shown in Russia in 1994. The movie was directed by David Lean.

Critics complained when the movie was released because its running time was over three hours. Also, critics thought that the history in the movie was not told correctly. Over time, opinions changed. Now it is thought by the public to be one of David Lean's best movies. It was ranked by the American Film Institute in 1998 as the 39th greatest American movie of all time.

The movie won five Academy Awards. It was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.
Cast
 Omar Sharif – Dr. Yuri Zhivago
 Julie Christie – Lara Antipov
 Rod Steiger – Victor Ipolitovich Komarovsky
 Alec Guinness – General Yevgraf Zhivago
 Geraldine Chaplin – Tonya Gromeko
 Tom Courtenay – Pasha Antipov / "Strelnikov"
 Rita Tushingham – Tanya Komarova / "The Girl"
 Jeffrey Rockland – Sasha

Background
The Doctor Zhivago novel was published in 1957 outside Russia, in Western countries. The book caused both praise and controversy. Some of Boris Pasternak's story had been available in Samizdat for some time after World War II. But the novel did not get written until 1956.

The book had to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union, because their government banned it for its views against Communism. It was taken by a trusted friend to an Italian publisher who printed and released it. Many people heard about the book because of the Soviet Union actions taken against the novel. It became very popular in the non-communist world. It spent 26 weeks at the top of the New York Times best-seller list.
A great poet who wrote about how he felt, Pasternak was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature. Even though the award was given for his poetry, it was known that the prize was mainly for Doctor Zhivago. The Soviet Union saw this Nobel Prize as a personal attack against their government itself. Pasternak was said to be a traitor by their leaders, so he refused to accept the Prize. The public now thought Pasternak was a Cold War symbol of rebellion against Soviet communism.

The movie plot was the same as the novel in some ways, but some changes were made. Many critics said that the movie gave too much attention to the love story between Zhivago and Lara. This downplayed the events of the Russian Revolution and the civil war that it caused.

References
References

1965 romantic drama movies
Italian romance movies
Italian drama movies
American romantic drama movies
1960s epic movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Russia
Academy Award winning movies
English-language movies
1960s historical movies
Movies composed by Maurice Jarre
Aaron Josef Hernandez (November 6, 1989 – April 19, 2017), was an American football tight end and convicted murderer. He was born in Bristol, Connecticut. He was drafted by New England Patriots in 2010. 

In 2013, Hernandez was indicted for first-degree murder. He was found guilty of murder in April 2015. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole.

He committed suicide by hanging on April 19, 2017 in his prison cell.

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1989 births
2017 deaths
American football tight ends
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Solidarity (, pronounced ; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union "Solidarity" – Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy "Solidarność" ) is a Polish trade union that began on 17 September 1980. It started at the Gdańsk Shipyard. Its first leader was Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by the Communist Party. It had 10 million members. This was one third of the number of people who worked in Poland. Solidarity helped Poland have fairer elections. These elections were important as the country became less communist.

References

History of Poland
1980 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Poland
Trade unions
Valery Konstantinovich Belousov (; 17 December 1948 – 16 April 2015) was a Russian professional ice hockey coach and player. He played for four teams between 1964 and 1987. At the time of his death, he was the head coach of the KHL's Traktor Chelyabinsk.

Belousov was born in Novouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast. He died on 16 April 2015, aged 66.

References

1948 births
2015 deaths
Ice hockey coaches
Russian ice hockey players
Attaphol Buspakom (; 1 October 1962 – 16 April 2015), nicknamed "Tak" (), was a Thai national and football coach. He played for three teams between 1985 and 1998, and managed eight teams between 2002 and 2015.

Buspakom was born in Sattahip, Chonburi Province. He died from a blood infection on 16 April 2015 in Bangkok, aged 52.

References

1962 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
Attaphol Buspakom
Attaphol Buspakom
Stanislav Gross (30 October 1969 – 16 April 2015) was a Czech lawyer and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 4 August 2004 to 25 April 2005. He was a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), which he lead from 26 June 2004 to 26 April 2005.

Gross was born in Prague. He was married to Šárka Grossová and had two daughters. He was a Christian.

Gross died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on 16 April 2015 in Prague, aged 45.

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1969 births
2015 deaths
Christians
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in the Czech Republic
Lawyers
Politicians from Prague
Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic
Hardijs Baumanis (10 December 1967 – 6 April 2015) was a Latvian diplomat. He served as Ambassador of Latvia to Lithuania and Azerbaijan from 2010 until his death.

Baumanis was born in Riga. He died on 6 April 2015 in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, aged 47.

References

1967 births
2015 deaths
Ambassadors
People from Riga
Latvian politicians
Mariano di Jacopo detto il Taccola (1381 – ca. 1453), called Taccola (the crow), was an Italian artist, engineer and administrator. He lived during the early Renaissance period. He wrote two important books, De ingeneis and De machinis. These hand-drawn books have drawings of many new (for his time) machines. There are also descriptions of the machines.  Leonardo da Vinci and other people used his books in the later Renaissance.
Life  
Mariano Taccola was born in Siena in 1381. His father was a wine merchant named Jacopo. His mother's name was Madonna Nofria (Bacci). The name he was given at his baptism was Mariano Daniello. He once interviewed the Florentine architect Filippo Brunelleschi and recorded it in one of his folios. Brunelleschi advised Taccola not to explain his inventions to others who did not understand machines. He said: "Therefore the gifts given to us by God must not be relinquished to those who speak ill of them and who are moved by envy or ignorance.  To disclose too much of one's inventions and achievements is one and the same thing as to give up the fruit of one's ingenuity... the ignorant and inexperienced understand nothing, not even when things are explained to them; their ignorance moves them promptly to anger; they remain in their ignorance because they want to show themselves learned, which they are not"
Facsimile editions 
 J.H. Beck, ed., 1969, Mariano di Jacopo detto il Taccola, Liber tertius de ingeneis ac edifitiis non usitatis, (Milan: Edizioni il Polifilo), 156 pp., 96 pls.
(This edition reproduces Books III and IV of de Ingeneis)
 Frank D. Prager and Gustina Scaglia, eds., 1971, Mariano Taccola and His Book "De ingeneis" (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press), 230 pp., 129 pls.
(This edition also reproduces Books III and IV of de Ingeneis)
Gustina Scaglia, ed.,1971,  Mariano Taccola, De machinis: The Engineering Treatise of 1449, 2 vols. (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag), 181 and 210 pp., 200 pls.

Further reading 
 Donald Routledge Hill, 1996, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times Routledge
 Lawrence Fane, 2003, "The Invented World of Mariano Taccola", Leonardo, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 135–143
 Scott Christianson, 2012, 100 diagrams that changed the world. A Plume Book/Penguin: New York, N.Y., p. 71

Notes

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Institute and Museum of the History of Science – Online-Exposition about Taccola's drawings
 New York Public Library Digital Collection; Mariano Taccola
 The Archimededes Project; Database Machine Drawings Author:	mariano (taccola)

1380s births
1450s deaths
Italian engineers
Italian artists
People from Siena
The Azali religion  or Azali Babism (for short:Azali) is an Iranian religion founded in 1860s by Subh-i-Azal.

Azali is a monotheistic religion, beliving in one god. Its teaching comes from Abrahamic and old Iranian religions like Zoroastrianism and Indian like Buddhism, Hinduism and  Sikhism

Both Azali and Baha'i Faith split from religion of bayan (Babism), but some people categoring the Azali religion as one of Babism divisions.

Abrahamic religions
Babism
Oles Buzina (; 13 July 1969 – 16 April 2015) was a Ukrainian journalist, writer, and politician for the pro-Russia Russian Bloc party. He was a journalist for the Russian language tabloid newspaper Segodnya.

Buzina was born in Kyiv. In 1992, he graduated from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He was married and had a daughter.

Buzina was shot and killed by masked men on 16 April 2015 in Kyiv, aged 45.

References

1969 births
2015 deaths
Ukrainian journalists
Murders by firearm
Politicians from Kyiv
Writers from Kyiv
Television presenters
Leland "Lee" Remmel (June 30, 1924 – April 16, 2015) was an American football personality. He was known for working 62 years with the Green Bay Packers as a sportswriter and later a team employee (public relations, historian, spokesperson, and writer).

Remmel was born in Shawano, Wisconsin. He was married to Margaret "Noreen" Remmel from 1948 until her death on April 27, 2012.

Remmel died on April 16, 2015 in Green Bay, Wisconsin, aged 90.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
American historians
Writers from Wisconsin
Alexander Nadson (; 8 August 1926 – 15 April 2015) was a Belarusian émigré social and religious leader. He was the Apostolic Visitor for Belarusian Greek Catholic faithfuls abroad from 1986 until his death. He became a priest in 1958 and worked in the United Kingdom for most of his life.

Nadson was born in the town of Haradzeya, Nesvizh Raion of the Minsk Oblast.

Nadson died on 15 April 2015 in London, aged 88.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Belarusian people
British historians
British priests
Christian ministers
Eastern Catholics
Military personnel of World War II
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Polish military people
Juan Carlos Cáceres (4 September 1936 – 5 April 2015) was an Argentine jazz and tango musician, singer-songwriter, and painter. He began his career in 1977 and created "Tango negro". For most of his career, he worked and lived in France. He released 12 albums between 1993 and 2011.

Cáceres was born in Buenos Aires. He died from cancer on 5 April 2015 in Perigny, near Paris, aged 78.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Argentine painters
Argentine singer-songwriters
Argentine pianists
Cancer deaths in France
Musicians from Buenos Aires
Singers from Buenos Aires
Writers from Buenos Aires
Charles P. "Charlie" Beasley (September 23, 1945 – April 11, 2015) was an American basketball player. He played for the Dallas Chaparrals (1967–70), Texas Chaparrals and The Floridians (1970–71) in the ABA for 281 games.

Beasley was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma. He was married and had a son.

Beasley died on April 11, 2015 in McKinney, Texas, aged 69.

References

Other websites
 

1945 births
2015 deaths
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
People from Shawnee, Oklahoma
Kayahan Açar (29 March 1949 – 3 April 2015), better known by his stage name Kayahan,  was a Turkish pop music singer-songwriter. His career lasted forty years. He composed all of his own material and released more than eight best-selling albums.

Kayahan was born in İzmir. He was married three times and had two daughters.

Kayahan died from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to lung cancer on 3 April 2015 at a hospital in Istanbul. He was 66.

References

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1949 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from multiple organ failure
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Lonnie Alexander "Lon" Simmons (July 19, 1923 – April 5, 2015) was an American baseball and football broadcaster. He worked for the San Francisco Giants baseball team and the San Francisco 49ers football team. He also played for three minor league baseball teams after World War II.

Simmons was born in Vancouver, Washington and grew up in Burbank, California. At the time of his death, he was living in San Francisco. He had four daughters.

Simmons died on April 5, 2015 in Daly City, California, aged 91.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
American radio personalities
American television presenters
Baseball players from California
People from Burbank, California
Sportspeople from Washington (state)
John Leslie Toohey  (4 March 1930 – 9 April 2015) was an Australian judge. He served as the Justice of the High Court of Australia from 6 February 1987 to 2 February 1998.

Toohey was born in rural Western Australia. He died on 9 April 2015, aged 85.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Australian judges
Australian lawyers
Politicians from Western Australia
King's Counsel
Perth Amboy is a city in eastern New Jersey. It is part of the New York City metropolitan area. At the 2010 census, 50,814 people lived in the city.

Perth Amboy was chartered in 1718. The city was incorporated on December 21, 1784.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Perth Amboy include:
 Solomon Andrews (1806–1872), creator of the first successful dirigible airship; served three terms as mayor of Perth Amboy.
 Jon Bon Jovi (born 1962), singer was born in Perth Amboy.
 Alan Cheuse (1940-2015), writer.
 Stanley Norman Cohen (born 1935), credited with the co-creation of the first genetically modified organism and the process of recombinant DNA technology.
 William Dunlap (1766–1839), theater pioneer.
 William Franklin (1730-1813), last governor of Province of New Jersey
 Angelina Grimké (1805–1879) and Sarah Grimké (1792–1873), abolitionists.
 Vida Guerra (born 1974), model, was born in Cuba but was raised in Perth Amboy.
 George Inness (1825–1894), landscape painter.
 Augustus Johnston (1729-1790), Rhode Island Attorney General, Tory sympathizer.
 Lawrence Kearny (1789-1868) the "Sailor Diplomat", who paved the way for an open-door policy with China.
Edward L. Kemeys (1843-1907), sculptor in residence at Eagleswood Mansion.
 Morgan Foster Larson (1882-1961), Governor of New Jersey from 1929 to 1932.
 Miilkbone (Thomas Wlodarczyk), rapper.
 Walter Mitty, fictional character from the 1947 film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty.
 Steve Mizerak (1944–2006), champion pool player.
 Joseph Montani (PAHS, 1970), astronomer and planetary scientist who named the minor planet "12465 Perth Amboy" after his hometown.
 John A. Nagy (born 1946), author of books about espionage and mutinies of the American Revolution.
 George Otlowski (1912–2009), politician who was mayor of the city from 1976 to 1990.
 Thomas Mundy Peterson (1824–1904), first African-American to vote under the provisions of the 15th Amendment to the U.S. constitution in 1870.
 Joseph J. Sadowski (1917–1944), United States Army soldier awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II.
 Richie Sambora (born 1959), guitarist for Bon Jovi was born here.
Marcus Spring (1810-1874), founder of Raritan Bay Union and Eagleswood Military Academy.
 John Stevens, (1749-1838), engineer who developed the multitubular boiler engine and the screw propeller.
 Gina Stritch, author.
 Bruce Taylor (born 1948), former NFL player.
 Harry Tierney (1890–1965), composer.
 Michelle Visage (born 1968), singer, deejay.
 John Watson (1685–1768), one of the first painters in America and holder of the first gallery of paintings in the country.
 Ruth White (1914–1969), actress.
 David T. Wilentz (1894–1988), N.J. Attorney General from 1934 to 1944 who prosecuted Bruno Hauptmann in the Lindbergh kidnapping trial.
References

Other websitess

 
1683 establishments in New Jersey
Cities in New Jersey
"Monkey Wrench" is the first single from Foo Fighters second album The Colour and the Shape. The song is about the ending of Dave Grohl's four year marriage to Jennifer Youngblood.

The song peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was released on 28 April 1997 in the United States.

References

Rock songs
1997 songs
Foo Fighters songs
"Everlong" is the second single from Foo Fighters second album The Colour and the Shape. The song lyrics are about falling in love with a new woman. 

The song was released in the United States on 18 August 1997.

References

Rock songs
1997 songs
Foo Fighters songs
James Wan (born 26 February 1977) is an Australian movie producer, screenwriter and movie director. He is best known for directing the horror movie Saw (2004) and creating Billy the Puppet. He also directed the movies Dead Silence (2007), Death Sentence (2007), Insidious (2010), The Conjuring (2013), Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013), Furious 7 (2015), The Conjuring 2 (2016) and Aquaman (2019).

Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers for the Saw franchise with the movies Saw II, Saw III, Saw IV, Saw V, Saw VI, Saw 3D: The Final Chapter, Annabelle: Creation and Jigsaw.  He was also a producer for the horror movie The Curse of La Llorona (2019).

Wan was born in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. He is of Chinese ancestry. When he was seven, Wan moved with his family to Perth, Western Australia. He later lived in Melbourne, Victoria. He married Romanian-born actress Ingrid Bisu in 2019.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1977 births
Living people
Australian movie directors
Australian movie producers
Australian screenwriters
People from Melbourne
People from Perth, Western Australia
Saw (franchise)
Writers from Victoria (Australia)