Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Pilgrimage 
Many people make a special visit to a sacred site. This is called a pilgrimage. A person who travels on pilgrimage is called a "pilgrim". Pilgrimage is very important in Islam, because every Muslim person is expected to make a pilgrimage to the city of Mecca once in their lifetime, if they can possibly do so.

Many Christians also make pilgrimages to sacred sites. Pilgrimage became very important in the Middle Ages when thousands of people travelled to many sacred sites, particularly to Jerusalem, to the famous Christian basilicas of Rome, to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain and Canterbury Cathedral in England. In modern times, sacred sites of Christian pilgrimage include Assisi in Italy, Lourdes in France, Fatima in Portugal and the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City.

In Buddhism, the sacred sites are four places in India where Buddha lived and preached. These are Kapilavastu, Bodh Gaya, Benares and Kusinagara.

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 Religion 
 Pilgrimage 
 Basilica 
 Church 
 Cathedral 
 Mosque 
 Shrine
 Synagogue

Religious places
Basil II (958 – December 15, 1025), was a Byzantine emperor from the Macedonian dynasty from January 10, 976 to December 15, 1025. Under his reign, the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest height since Justinian the Great. Under his reign, the First Bulgarian Empire was completely taken by him, a land that would be part of his empire for 150 years. Because of this, the northern part of the Roman Empire touched the Danube river for the first time in several hundred years. He also took land towards the east.

Bibliography 
 (primary source) Michael Psellus, Chronographia
 The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991

References

Other websites 

 Basil II

Byzantine emperors
950s births
1025 deaths
The Battle of Manzikert, or Malazgirt (Turkish: Malazgirt Sav) was fought between the Byzantine Empire and then Seljuq Empire. The Seljuq forces attacked on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert, (modern Malazgirt, Turkey). Its result was one of the most decisive defeats of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of the Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes. The Battle of Manzikert played an important role in breaking the Byzantine resistance and preparing the way for the Turkish settlement in Anatolia.

References

Other websites
 Battle of Manzikert: Military Disaster or Political Failure?  By Paul Markham
 Debacle at Manzikert, 1071: Prelude to the Crusades , by Brian T. Carey (Issue 5 - January 2004)

Byzantine Empire
Manzikert
1071
Mark Thomas Lawrenson (born 2 June 1957, in Preston, Lancashire) is a former professional football player, a defender in the Liverpool and  Irish football teams of the 1980s; he has since become a radio, television and internet pundit for the BBC. 

Despite being born in England, UK, he played for the Republic of Ireland national football team due to his Irish ancestry.

1957 births
Living people
Liverpool F.C. players
Red Square (, ) is the most famous city square in Moscow, Russia. The square separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitay-gorod (China-Town). As major streets of Moscow radiate from here in all directions, being promoted to major highways outside the city, the Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow and of all Russia.

Red Square and the Kremlin are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Joseph Stalin's body was preserved near Red Square, in Lenin's mausoleum. It was later moved and reburied deep behind the Kremlin Wall without any ceremony.

Red Square is a popular tourist attraction in Russia.

Other websites
Other websites 

 Red Square in Moscow, the most important place in the country's largest. - Thewotme Travel Blog
 Moscow-Life: A guide to Moscow's Red Square
 3D model of Red Square 
 Visiting Red Square  – Useful information for visitors to Red Square and the Kremlin
Red Square and surrounding area time-lapse video

Moscow
World Heritage Sites in Russia
National squares
Town squares in Europe
George I (George Louis; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was the ruler of Hanover in North Germany and later also the King of Great Britain and Ireland.

Family 

George was born in Osnabrück, Germany, on 28 May 1660. He lived most of his life in the Electorate of Hanover, one of the many German countries that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. This area is today part of Germany. He married his cousin Sophia Dorothea (the daughter of his father's brother George William) in 1682.

On 10 November 1683, their first child and only son, George Augustus, was born. When George Louis was King of Great Britain, George Augustus was the Prince of Wales. When the father died, the son became king, as George II.

On 16 March 1687, their second child and only daughter was born. She was called Sophia Dorothea, after her mother. She later married and became the Queen in Prussia. Because she was married, she did not live in Britain with her father, but in Prussia with her husband.
George and his wife drifted apart, because he preferred his mistress Melusine, with whom he had three daughters, Anna, Melusine and Margaret. Meanwhile, his wife was having an affair with Count Philip Christopher of Königsmarck, who was found dead in a river, rumoured to have been murdered on George's orders.

The marriage was ended in 1694, on the grounds that Sophia Dorothea had effectively abandoned George. Sophia Dorothea's father, George William, and George Louis, had Sophia Dorothea imprisoned in Ahlden Castle in Celle, where she was unable to see her father, former husband, or children.

In 1698, his father died and George became the ruler ("Prince-elector") of Hanover.
King of Great Britain 
When Queen Anne of Great Britain died in 1714, an act of parliament said the next ruler must be a Protestant. George was not the closest relative, but was the closest Protestant one. All the closer relatives were Roman Catholic, so George became King of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 August 1714. He was the first ruler of Great Britain from his family, the House of Hanover.

Many of the British people did not like the new king. It is often said that he could not actually speak English. This may have been true at first, but he sometimes wrote in English later in his reign. George spent less time running the country than previous monarchs and allowed Parliament to have a bigger role. Later on, he left Robert Walpole in charge of running the country. Walpole became the first British prime minister, although the word "prime minister" was not used at the time.

He died while travelling from England to Hanover on 11 June 1727.
1660 births
1727 deaths
Kings and Queens of Great Britain
People from Osnabrück
Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition, or the Official Opposition in the United Kingdom is led by The Leader of the Opposition.  This is usually the political party with the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons, as the largest party will usually form the government. Since May, 2010, the Official Opposition has been the Labour Party.

Politics of the United Kingdom
The Leader of the Opposition (sometimes known as the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the second largest party in the House of Commons.

The current Leader of the Opposition is Sir Keir Starmer, the Leader of the Labour Party. Starmer was elected to that position on 4 April 2020.

References 

 
Opposition leaders
David Michael Davis (born 23 December 1948) is an English politician.  He is a member of the Conservative Party.  In July 2016, Davis became the first Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union under the Theresa May cabinet.

Davis was born in York and raised in south London.

He was the Shadow Home Secretary from 2003 - 2008.  He is the Member of Parliament for the Haltemprice and Howden constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1987 general election for the Boothferry constituency.
On 12 June 2008, Davis said he was going to resign as an MP, and was immediately replaced as Shadow Home Secretary.  This was intended to force a by-election in his seat, for which he intended to seek re-election by mounting a specific campaign designed to provoke wider public debate about the erosion of civil liberties in the United Kingdom.  Following his formal resignation as an MP on 18 June 2008, he officially became the Conservative candidate in the resulting by-election and won it on 10 July 2008.

In 2017, Davis proposed a new treaty between UK and EU to fight crime and terror, after series of terrorist incidents in UK.  In September 2017, he stated that UK was to remain as the part of Europol.  However, EU is said to have refused to discuss Europol, which exchanges crime and counter-terrorism information and intelligence, until it judges that "sufficient progress" has been been on the financial settlement, Ireland and citizen's rights after Brexit.
On 8 July 2018 Davis resigned as Brexit Secretary.

References 

1948 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Libertarians
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from York
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
William Jefferson Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond (pronounced HAIG; born 26 March 1961) is a British politician. He was Foreign Secretary and First Secretary of State. He was the leader of the Conservative Party from June 1997 to September 2001. He was the Member of Parliament for the Richmond (York) constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

William Hague was born in Rotherham in West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He first gained national attention when he spoke at the 1977 Conservative Party conference aged 16. He was educated at the University of Oxford. Hague first became a Member of Parliament at a by-election in 1989. In 1995, William Hague was made the Secretary of State for Wales until 1997 when the Conservatives lost the general election. He was elected as Conservative Party leader in 1997. Following the Conservative's defeat in the 2001 General Election, he resigned from the position and was succeeded by Iain Duncan Smith.
He went on to write biographies of William Pitt the Younger and William Wilberforce. In 2005, when David Cameron became the Conservative Party leader, Hague was made the Shadow Foreign Secretary and Secretary of State.

Hague became the Foreign Secretary after the 2010 election in the Conservative Liberal Democrat coalition government. Issues that he was involved in included the Arab Spring and Syrian Civil War as well as the crisis in Crimea. Hague thinks Syrian President Bashar al-Assad should be removed from power, and the Cameron government wanted to help the opposition with air strikes in 2013, but Parliament did not agree and the plans did not go forward. Hague did not run for reelection in the 2015 election and mostly retired from politics after that. He was made a member of the House of Lords as Baron Hague of Richmond, where he is a member today.
Awards
 The Spectator's "Parliamentarian of the Year Award" (1998)
 History Book of the Year in the 2005 British Book Awards, for William Pitt the Younger
 The Spectator's 'Speech of the Year Award' (2007)
 The Trustees Award at the 2008 Longman/History Today Awards
 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature (2009)

References

1961 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
English historians
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
Politicians from Yorkshire
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Royal Society of Literature
Secretaries of State for Wales
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
George Gideon Oliver Osborne CH PC (born 23 May 1971) is a former British politician and newspaper editor. 

Osborne was the Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2010 to 2016 in the David Cameron government. He was the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the Tatton constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was an MP from 2001 to 2017.

George Osborne was born in Paddington, London, England and was educated at the University of Oxford. He became an MP in 2001 and entered the shadow cabinet in 2004. In 2005, Osborne was made the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer by Michael Howard and held this post when David Cameron became leader of the Conservative Party.
Osborne became Chancellor of the Exchequer on 11 May 2010 and  outlined £6.2 billion worth of cuts to help reduce the budget deficit. He left office on 13 July 2016 when Theresa May became Prime Minister. He was replaced by Philip Hammond. In April 2017 he said he would not stand in the 2017 general election. He was made a Companion of Honour in the 2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours. He was editor of the Evening Standard from 2017 to 2020.

Osborne is part of the old Anglo-Irish aristocracy, known in Ireland as the Ascendancy. He is the heir to the Osborne baronetcy (of Ballentaylor, in County Tipperary, and Ballylemon, in County Waterford).

Revelation 
Private Eye wrote about the relationship between Osborne and Evening Standard owner Evgeny Lebedev. Russian oligarch Lebedev appointed Osborne as editor. The Evening Standard is now called The Standard.
During Osborne's time as Chancellor of the Exchequer he regularly pledged Treasury money to Standard charitable campaigns. In September 2015, the newspaper ranked Osborne in joint-first place on its annual 'Progress 1000' list of the most influential people in London. It also said that, as Chancellor, Osborne failed to tackle the advantageous tax status for so-called "non-doms" (foreign wealthy people). Lebedev's paper strongly supported the Conservative Party in the 2015 general election and the Conservatives' candidate Zac Goldsmith in the 2016 London mayoral election.

References

1971 births
Living people
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from London
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
Trojanus of Saintes (died c.530) was a 6th century bishop of Saintes, in France. 

He is a Catholic saint, also known as Trojan and Troyen.  His feast day is held on 30 November.

References

Christian saints
French Roman Catholics
Year of birth unknown
530 deaths
530 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Births 
 Dallán Forgaill, Christian Irish poet (approximate date)
 Venantius Fortunatus, Latin poet and bishop (approximate date)
 Xuan Di, emperor of the Chen Dynasty (d. 582)

Deaths 
Trojanus of Saintes
 Cador, king of Dumnonia (England)
 October 14 – Antipope Dioscorus
 Erzhu Rong, general of Northern Wei (b. 493) 
 September 22 – Pope Felix IV
 Xiao Baoyin, prince of Southern Qi (b. 487)
Celestus microblepharis are a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family.  It can only be found in Jamaica.

Anguids
Reptiles of North America
Anguidae is a family of lizards.

Classification 
Family Anguidae
Subfamily Anguinae
Genus Anguis
Genus Ophisaurus (glass lizards)
Genus Pseudopus
Subfamily Diploglossinae
Genus Celestus
Genus Diploglossus
Genus Ophiodes
Subfamily Gerrhonotinae   
Genus Abronia
Genus Barisia
Genus Coloptychon
Genus Elgaria
Genus Gerrhonotus
Genus Mesaspis

Anguids
Celestus is a genus of lizards.

Classification
Genus Celestus
Celestus agasepsoides
Celestus anelpistus
Celestus badius
Celestus barbouri
Celestus bivittatus
Celestus carraui
Celestus costatus
Celestus crusculus
Celestus curtissi
Celestus cyanochloris
Celestus darlingtoni
Celestus duquesneyi
Celestus enneagrammus
Celestus fowleri
Celestus haetianus
Celestus hewardi
Celestus hylaius
Celestus macrotus
Celestus marcanoi
Celestus microblepharis
Celestus montanus
Celestus occiduus
Celestus orobius
Celestus rozellae
Celestus scansorius
Celestus sepsoides
Celestus stenurus
Celestus warreni

Anguids
Reptiles of North America
Celestus warreni (also known as the Warren's galliwasp or the giant Hispaniolan galliwasp) is a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family.  It can be found in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests underneath leaf litter and underneath forest debris. Giant galliwasps are opportunistic predators that feed on insects, earthworms, small mammals, and other reptiles. 

It is threatened by habitat loss.

Anguids
Reptiles of North America
Celestus duquesneyi (also known as the Duquesney's galliwasp or blue-tailed galliwasp) is a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family.  It can only be found  in Jamaica.

Anguids
Reptiles of North America
Celestus fowleri is a kind of lizard in the Anguidae family. It only lives in Jamaica.

Sources

Anguids
Reptiles of North America
The Jamaica giant galliwasp (Celestus occiduus) was a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family. It was only found in Jamaica, and it is now extinct.

Anguids
Reptiles of North America
Virginia Wynette Pugh (usually known as Tammy Wynette, May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998), was an American country music singer. She was born in Mississippi.

The best-known of her songs is "Stand by Your Man". She had 17 number-one hits during her career.

She died of pulmonary thrombosis.

Personal life
Wynette was married 5 times. Her third husband was George Jones, also a singer of country music.

Discography
Singles
"Stand by Your Man" (1968)

Studio albums
Your Good Girl's Gonna Go Bad (1967)
 My Elusive Dreams  (1967)
Take Me to Your World / I Don't Wanna Play House (1968)
D-I-V-O-R-C-E (1968)
Stand by Your Man (1969)
Inspiration (1969)
The Ways to Love a Man (1970)
Tammy's Touch (1970)
The First Lady (1970)
Christmas with Tammy (1970)
We Sure Can Love Each Other (1971)
We Go Together  (1971)
Bedtime Story (1972)
Me and the First Lady  (1972)
My Man (1972)
We Love to Sing About Jesus  (1972)
Let's Build a World Together  (1973)
We're Gonna Hold On  (1973)
Another Lonely Song (1974)
Woman to Woman (1974)
George & Tammy & Tina  (1975)
I Still Believe in Fairy Tales (1975)
'Til I Can Make It on My Own (1976)
Golden Ring  (1976)
You and Me (1976)
Let's Get Together (1977)
One of a Kind (1977)
Womanhood (1978)
Just Tammy (1979)
Only Lonely Sometimes (1980)
Together Again  (1980)
You Brought Me Back (1981)
Soft Touch (1982)
Good Love & Heartbreak (1982)
Even the Strong Get Lonely (1983)
Sometimes When We Touch (1985)
Higher Ground (1987)
Next to You (1989)
Next to You (1989)
Heart Over Mind (1990)
Honky Tonk Angels  (1993)
Without Walls (1994)
One  (1995)
Related pages

List of country musicians from Mississippi

Other websites 
Tammy Wynette official website

Country musicians from Mississippi
American guitarists
Deaths from pulmonary thrombosis
Singers from Mississippi
1942 births
1998 deaths
Triciti (Polish Trójmiasto) is the unofficial name of an urban area with 3 cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot in Pomeranian Voivodeship. Tricity is a big centre for tourism.

Cities in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kaliningrad Oblast (, Kaliningradskaya oblast) is an exclave of Russia bordered by Poland, Lithuania and Baltic Sea. The capital of Kaliningrad Oblast is Kaliningrad, formerly Königsberg.

It is quite unusual, first because it is not attached to Russia. It is an exclave on the Baltic coast, with no land connection to the rest of Russia. It has a population of 941,873 (2010 Census). It has a continental climate (Dfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Its territory was part of historical East Prussia (German: Nord-Ostpreussen), which was an exclave of Germany from 1919 until 1945. That year, it was occupied by the Soviet Union as a result of the World War II. The region was later annexed to the Soviet Union under border changes of the Potsdam Agreement, when it was attached to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Most of its German population were fled west to West Germany during the last months of the war. The rest were expelled between 1944 and 1950. Russian settlers were moved in and the population is now mainly Russian. As of the 2010 census, only a small number of ethnic Germans remain; most of the several thousand who live in the oblast are recent immigrants from other parts of the former Soviet Union.

References

Other websites
A official Coat of Arms of Poland is the White Eagle with golden crown in its head on red shield.

The White Eagle came from a legend about Lech.

Poland
National symbols of Poland
Christianization is when a country, nation or region changes their faith to Christianity. It can be started when a local ruler is baptized.

Christian terminology
Religious conversion
Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9, 1966) is a Swedish-American actor, comedian, musician, screenwriter and movie producer. His family is Jewish, and descends from Swedish-Norweigan immigrants on both sides. He is best known for comedy movies, such as Happy Gilmore, The Wedding Singer, Little Nicky, Spanglish, I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, You Don't Mess with the Zohan and Uncut Gems. He also starred in a dramatic role for Reign Over Me.

Sandler was born in New York City, and grew up in New Hampshire.

Influences
Sandler's influences include "Weird Al" Yankovic, Beastie Boys, Bill Cosby, Chris Rush, Dennis Miller, Eddie Murphy, Jerry Lewis, Joe Piscopo, Mel Brooks, Redd Foxx, Sam Kinison, Steve Martin and The Blues Brothers as influences.

References

Other websites
 
 Adam Sandler at Biography.com
1966 births
Living people
20th-century American comedians
20th-century American actors
20th-century American musicians
Actors from New Hampshire
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
Comedians from New York City
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American musicians
Jewish American entertainers
Movie producers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New Hampshire
Singers from New Hampshire
Screenwriters from New York City
Writers from Brooklyn
Comedians from New Hampshire
Republicans (United States)
Anguis is a member of legless lizards also known as slowworms or blindworms. belonging to the genus Anguidae. Even though they are lizards, slow worms have lost their legs and are usually mistaken for snakes.

Classification
Subfamily Anguinae
Genus Anguis
Anguis cephalonnicus - Peloponnese Slow Worm 
Anguis fragilis

Anguids
Reptiles of Europe
Anguis fragilis (the slow-worm, or blindworm) is a lizard which is limbless (meaning it has no legs or arms). It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia, and is one of the few reptiles native to Britain.

When a slow-worm is in danger it can shed (break off) its tail and escape. It can then grow back a new, shorter tail, which it cannot shed.

The female often has a stripe along the back and the male may have blue spots.

Instead of laying eggs, the females give birth to live young (viviparous birth). In the days leading up to birth the female can often be seen basking in the sun on a warm road. 

Slow-worms are often called snakes, but they are not. Slow-worms can blink, but snakes cannot.  They shed their skin in patches like other lizards, rather than the whole skin as most snakes do.

Adult slow-worms grow to be about 50 centimetres long. They are known for their very long life. One was said to have been fifty four years old.
There are not as many slow-worms as there used to be. Many places where they used to live have been built on. In gardens they can be killed by cats.

References

Anguids
Reptiles of Europe
Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio is a broadcast presentation of Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio.  The games include the Opening Day game, the Sunday Night Baseball games, Saturday afternoon games, holiday games (like Memorial Day games) and September pennant race games. The All-Star Game and all of the playoffs can also be heard on ESPN Radio including the Division Series, League Championship Series and the World Series.

In addition to affiliate stations on AM/FM radio, ESPN Radio's game broadcasts are also on XM Satellite Radio.  They are not included in the subscription "Gameday Audio" package on MLB.com, however.

History
On September 27, 1997, ESPN outbid CBS Radio to become the exclusive national radio broadcaster of Major League Baseball. This was very surprising, considering that CBS Radio had been the national broadcaster since 1976.
The agreement lasted seven years through 2004 and gave ESPN Radio the rights to broadcast numerous games including opening Day, Sunday Night Baseball, Saturday Game of the Week, holiday games, September pennant race games, the All-Star Game and all of the playoffs, including the World Series.

Then on October 21, 2004, ESPN Radio extended its then seven year relationship with Major League Baseball with a five year, $55 million dollar contract extension through the 2010 season.

The agreement also added a weekly program devoted to baseball, which became The Baseball Show from 3 p.m. ET to 7 p.m. ET on Sundays during the regular season. The program is hosted by John Seibel and Steve Phillips.
Broadcasters
ESPN Radio's lead broadcasting crew consists of Gary Thorne and Dave Campbell.  Thorne succeeded Dan Shulman, who had called for the network since 2002; Shulman, in turn, had been preceded by Charley Steiner from 1998-2002. Campbell replaced Kevin Kennedy as analyst in 2000. The pregame host for all of the games since its debut has been Joe D'Ambrosio.

The broadcast team for the World Series and one League Championship Series is Jon Miller and Hall of Famer Joe Morgan. During all of the games there is also the ESPN Radio SportsCenter every twenty minutes with live cut ins during the games.

Major League Baseball
Radio programs
Calixa Lavallée, (born Quebec, 28 December 1842; died Boston, 21 January 1891), was a Canadian-American composer.  For many years he was a travelling musician.  Later he worked hard to improve music education in Canada.  He is famous for composing the music for the Canadian national anthem "O Canada".

Life

Lavallée was born into a French-Canadian family.  Originally his name was Calixte Paquet.  His father made musical instruments and played in a band.  He learned to play the piano, violin and cornet.  He went to the United States and played in a band during the American Civil War.  For many years he travelled, playing and teaching.  He becamGrand Opera House which put on minstrel shows rather than proper operas.  When the theatre closed in 1872 he went back to Montreal.  His friends got enough money together to help him go to France to study at the Paris Conservatoire.  There he studied under famous teachers including Boieldieu.
When he went back to Canada he wanted to help to improve the state of music education there.  He small music school in Quebec but it was always difficult for him to get money from the authorities.  He composed the music to “O Canada” which soon became the Canadian national anthem.

Shortly after that he went to the United States again.  He became music director of the Roman Catholic cathedral in Boston and became very active with the Music Teachers’ National Association.  He died of tuberculosis in 1891.  In 1933, his remains were taken back to Montreal where they were buried in the cemetery.

His music
Besides the tune to O Canada, Lavallée wrote many works, including some comic operas: Loulou, Tiq and The King of Diamonds.  Most of the music that was published consists of his lighter pieces, including a short piece for piano called Papillon (Butterfly) which became extremely popular in North America as well as Europe.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980;
1842 births
1891 deaths
Canadian composers
Romantic composers
Sepsis is a very dangerous disease that occurs when an infection goes wrong. Normally the immune system of the body is able to fight the germs and overcome the infection, but in sepsis something goes wrong. The pathogen was at some point able to get into the blood or tissues. The term sepsis is frequently used to refer to septicemia (blood poisoning). Septicemia is only one type of sepsis. Bacteremia specifically refers to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream (viremia and fungemia are the terms used for  viruses and fungi). A sepsis is a medical emergency, as it can put the life in danger, if it is not acted on.

Symptoms 
Common symptoms of sepsis are inflammations all over the body. This is often combined with high fever. Today, people believe, these symptoms are caused by the immune system trying to fight the disease. Because of the strong reactions, organs can be damaged in the process. In a sense, the immune system over-reacts the germs and goes wrong, causing damage to the organs.
Cause of death 
In the United States, sepsis is the leading cause of death for ICU patients which do not have heart problems. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows it is the tenth most common cause of death overall. Older people, those with a weak immune system and those with a strong illness suffer from sepis more often. It is also more dangerous to them. It occurs in 1%-2% of all hospitalizations and accounts for as much as 25% of intensive care unit (ICU) bed utilization. It is a major cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, with mortality rates that range from 20% for sepsis to 40% for severe sepsis to over 60% for septic shock.

More severe forms 
Severe sepsis and septic shock are more severe forms of sepsis. With severe sepsis, one or more organs fail to work. Septic shock is when sepsis is combined with very low blood pressure.
Treatment 
Today, the bacterial forms of sepsis can be treated with antibiotics. In addition, the fluids (blood) containing the germs have to be replaced. It might also be necessary to functionally replace the organs that failed. It is important to begin to treat the sepsis as quickly as possible, as each hour it is left untreated will raise the chances of death by 5% to 10%.

About half the people affected and untreated die from the condition. Rapid access to treatment will increase the chances of survival in most cases.

References

Other websites 
 Society of Critical Care Medicine  Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock (and other guidelines)

Diseases
Patrick Allen McLoughlin, Baron McLoughlin,  (born 30 November 1957) is an English politician and the current Chief Whip, which is the same job he had in opposition. He was first elected in 1986 in a by-election as the Member of Parliament for the West Derbyshire constituency in the United Kingdom, and since 2010 for its successor, the Derbyshire Dales constituency.

He is a member of the Conservative Party. On 14 July 2016, he became Chairman of the Conservative Party and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, under the new Prime Minister Theresa May. He resigned as Chairman on 8 January 2018 and was succeeded by Brandon Lewis.
Early life and career
McLoughlin was born in Stafford on 30 November 1957, the son and grandson of coal miners. He was educated at the Cardinal Griffin Roman Catholic School in Cannock, Staffordshire, and Staffordshire College of Agriculture at Rodbaston College. From 1974, he worked for five years as a farm worker and, after 1979, worked underground at the Littleton Colliery in Cannock. He was a member of the National Union of Mineworkers, and became an industrial representative for the National Coal Board's Western Area Marketing Department.

He was knighted in the Resignation Honours of David Cameron in 2016. In Theresa May's Resignation Honours in September 2019, he was made a Companion of Honour.

References

Other websites
Profile at the Conservative Party

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1957 births
Living people
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
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Oliver Letwin, a MP and a FRSA (born 19 May 1956) is an English politician. He is currently the Minister of State at the Cabinet Office as well as the Chairman of Policy Review, and Chairman of the Conservative Research Department. He is the Member of Parliament for the West Dorset constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1997 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

He married Isabel Grace Davidson on 14 September 1984 in Cambridge. They have a twin son and daughter born in July 1993.
Selected works
Oliver Letwin (1987) Ethics, Emotion and the Unity of the Self, Routledge, 
Oliver Letwin and John Redwood. (1988) Britain's Biggest Enterprise – ideas for radical reform of the NHS, Centre for Policy Studies, 
Oliver Letwin (1988) Privatizing the World: A Study of International Privatization in Theory and Practice, Thomson Learning, 
Oliver Letwin (1989) Drift to union: Wiser ways to a wider community, Centre for Policy Studies, 
Oliver Letwin (2003) The Neighbourly Society: Collected Speeches, Centre for Policy Studies,

Related pages
Ukrainian diaspora in the United Kingdom

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1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Jewish British politicians
Politicians from London
Dame Caroline Alice Spelman DBE MP (née Cormack, born 4 May 1958) is an English politician. She was born in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire. She is the Meriden constituency in England. She was first elected in the 1997 general election.

In May 2010 she became Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in David Cameron's coalition cabinet, and was sworn as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. She served in this role until September 2012, when she was dismissed in a cabinet reshuffle. In 2015, she became Second Church Estates Commissioner.

She is a member of the Conservative Party.

References 

1958 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Hertfordshire
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1997–2001
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Philip Hammond, Baron Hammond of Runnymede  (born 4 December 1955) is an English politician. He was born in Epping, Essex. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 2016. He became Secretary of State for Transport on 12 May 2010, and a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. He was the first Member of Parliament for the Runnymede and Weybridge constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1997 general election. In 2017, he announced the Midlands Engine Strategy.

He was a member of the Conservative Party until 2019. He was suspended from the party after voting against the government in a bill to remove the possibility of a no-deal Brexit.

References 

1955 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
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UK MPs 1997–2001
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Andrew John Bower Mitchell (born 23 March 1956) is an English politician. He was born in Hampstead, London. He was appointed as Secretary of State for International Development on 12 May 2010, and as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Sutton Coldfield constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1987 general election  for the Gedling constituency but lost in 1997. He returned to parliament in the 2001 general election. 

His father, David Mitchell (1928-2014), was also an MP.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

In 2007 he started Project Umubano.

On 19 September 2012 he allegedly said to a police officer, 'You don't run this fucking government.... You're fucking plebs.' The media called what happened 'Plebgate'.

References

1956 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from London
David Mundell was born in Dumfries, Scotland and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. In 1999 and 2003, he was elected as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the South of Scotland region however resigned as an MSP following the 2005 General Election when he was elected as an MP. From December 2005 to the 2010 General Election, he was the Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland. After the 2010 election, a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition was formed and because the Liberal Democrats have more Scottish MP's than the Conservatives, a Liberal Democrat was given the post of Scottish secretary.

On 13 January 2016, Mundell came out as gay on his personal website.

He was previously married to Lynda Carmichael but the couple have divorced. He has three children, one of whom, Oliver Mundell, is a Conservative candidate for the Scottish Parliament in May 2016.

References
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1962 births
Living people
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Members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
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Dame Cheryl Elise Kendall Gillan DBE MP (21 April 1952 – 4 April 2021) was a British politician.  She was the Secretary of State for Wales from 2010 to 2012. She was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the Chesham and Amersham constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1992 to 2021. Gillan was born in Cardiff, Wales.

She was first elected in the 1992 general election and became the Shadow Secretary of State for Wales in 2005. When the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition was formed on 11 May 2010, she became the Secretary of State for Wales. She was dismissed from this post in a cabinet reshuffle in 2012.

She was the Chair of the 1922 committee from May until September 2019. This is the powerful committee of backbench Conservative MPs in the House of Commons.

Gillan was diagnosed with breast cancer in June 2020. She died on 4 April 2021 in Epsom, England from the disease at the age of 68.

References
References

1952 births
2021 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
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Owen William Paterson (born June 24, 1956 in Shropshire, England) is a British politician who was the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. He was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of North Shropshire in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

He was first elected in the 1997 general election and first entered the shadow cabinet in 2007.

Other websites

 Owen Paterson MP  official constituency website
 Profile  at the Conservative Party

 Guide to new Cabinet members: Owen Paterson, BBC News, 13 May 2010
 Debrett's People of Today 

1956 births
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland
Alan James Carter Duncan (born 31 March 1957) is an English politician and a former Minister of State in the Department for International Development. He was born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire.

He is the Member of Parliament for the Rutland and Melton constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

He is openly gay and in a civil partnership with James Dunseath.

References 

1957 births
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Conservative Party (UK) MPs
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Politicians from Hertfordshire
Theresa Mary, Lady May (née Brasier; born 1 October 1956) is a British politician. She was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2019.

She was born in Eastbourne, Sussex, and grew up in Oxfordshire. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Maidenhead in the House of Commons. She was the Home Secretary in the David Cameron government. In 2018, she was elected as Commonwealth Chair-in-Office.

On 12 December 2018, 48 Conservative MPs had submitted letters of no confidence to the Chairman of the 1922 Committee Sir Graham Brady, triggering a vote of no confidence. Despite this, May won the confidence vote after 200 MPs vowed support to her leadership. On 15 January 2019 after her Brexit proposal failed in the House of Commons by a 432 to 202 vote, Opposition Leader Jeremy Corbyn filled a motion of no confidence in her ministry, which failed in a 325 to 306 vote.
In March 2019, May said she would resign as Prime Minister if Parliament passed her Brexit deal, to make way for a new leader in the second phase of Brexit.

On 24 May 2019, she announced that her resignation as party leader would take effect on 7 June and she would leave her position as Prime Minister when her replacement is selected. She was replaced by Boris Johnson.

Early life
May was born on 1 October 1956 at Maternity Home in 9 Upperton Road in Eastbourne, Sussex. May is the only child of Zaidee Mary (née Barnes; 1928–1982) and Hubert Brasier (1917–1981). Her father was a Church of England clergyman. May was educated at Oxfordshire primary and grammar schools in the State sector, and graduated the University of Oxford in 1977.
Early career
From 1977 and 1983 May worked at the Bank of England, and from 1985 to 1997 as a financial consultant and senior advisor in International Affairs at the Association for Payment Clearing Services. May's parents died during this period, her father in a car accident in 1981 and her mother of multiple sclerosis a year later. May served as a councillor for the London Borough of Merton from 1986 to 1994, where she was Chairman of Education (1988–90) and Deputy Group Leader and Housing Spokesman (1992–94).

Early political work
She first became a Conservative Party MP at the 1997 general election and was promoted to the shadow cabinet in 1999. She held several positions in the shadow cabinet, including Chairman of the Conservative Party (July 2002-November 2003) and Shadow Leader of the House of Commons (December 2005-January 2009).
"Nasty party" 
In October 2002, May used the term "nasty party" to describe the conservative party. She wrote: "There's a lot we need to do in this party of ours. Our base is too narrow and so, occasionally, are our sympathies. You know what some people call us -- the Nasty Party." What she meant at the time was that the conservative party was hostile towards people with disabilities, as well as other people who are vulnerable. 

The term "Nasty Party" applied to Conservative Party members with traditional conservative views:this included being anti-gay, anti-minorities, and pro-business, and lacking concern for the poor.

Many conservatives felt this one the reasons the Conservative Party lost the last three general elections and needed to broaden their traditional base to have a chance of reelection.

Nasty party is likely a play on words (of the Nazi Party, which was active in Germany in the 1930s and 1940s).
Home Secretary (2010-2016)
She became the Home Secretary and Minister for Women and Equality on 12 May 2010.

In December 2010, May declared that deployment of water cannon by police forces in mainland Britain was an operational decision which had been "resisted until now by senior police officers." She rejected their use following the widespread rioting in Summer 2011. In 2010, May promised to bring the level of net migration down to less than 100,000. In February 2015, The Independent reported, "The Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced a net flow of 298,000 migrants to the UK in the 12 months to September 2014—up from 210,000 in the previous year."

At the Conservative Party Conference on 4 October 2011, while arguing that the Human Rights Act needed to be amended, May gave the example of a foreign national who the Courts ruled was allowed to remain in the UK, "because—and I am not making this up—he had a pet cat".
In May 2012, she said she supported same-sex marriage. She recorded a video for the Out4Marriage campaign.

In July 2013, May decided to ban the stimulant khat, against the advice of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD). The council said that there was "insufficient evidence" it caused health problems.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2016-19)

2016 Conservative Party leadership election
May was a candidate in the upcoming election for leadership of the Conservative Party. May described herself as a candidate who will unify the party after a 'divisive' referendum (Brexit). She won the first ballot on 5 July 2016 by a large margin with 50% of the votes. On 7 July, May won the votes of 199 MPs, facing the vote of Conservative Party members in a contest with Andrea Leadsom.

Leadsom's withdrawal from the contest on 11 July led to May being set to be appointed party leader and hence, Prime Minister, an office she assumed on 13 July 2016.
Early days
After being appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016, May became the United Kingdom's second female Prime Minister, after Margaret Thatcher. She is the first female Prime minister of the 21st century.

May told the media on 12 July 2016 that she was "honoured and humbled" to be the party leader and to become prime minister. Responding to some calls for a general election (reported by the news media) to confirm her mandate, "sources close to Mrs May" said there would be no such election according to the BBC.

A big issue May had to tackle during her premiership is Brexit, after Britain voted to leave the European Union. May has led talks with the European Union to plan how the split will happen.

May has also dealt with the war in Iraq and Syria. She has used Britain's military to fight ISIS in both countries. British troops have been in the Battle of Mosul, helping Iraq's military and the Kurdish forces.

General election, 2017
On 18 April 2017 Theresa May surprised people by saying she wanted to have a snap general election on 8 June . The next day the House of Commons voted in favour of holding the general election in June.

At the start of the campaign the Conservatives had a large lead in the polls. As the campaign went on, the Labour Party gained more support and started to rise in the polls. On the day of the election the Conservatives did worse than expected and May lost her majority in the House of Commons.

Vote of no confidence 
On 12 December 2018, the chairman of the 1922 committee received enough formal request letters to warrant what some Westminster system countries call a Leadership spill, which was promptly scheduled for the following evening. Many say this is because of the Brexit deal and the way May is handling the deal. Before the vote, May said later that day that she would not lead her party in the next general election. May would go on to win the confidence vote.

Brexit defeat
Brexit defeat

On 15 January 2019 Theresa May's government was defeated in the house of commons by a majority of 203 in a vote on her deal to leave the European Union. This is the largest majority against a United Kingdom government ever.

Resignation
On 24 May 2019, May announced that she would resign as Conservative Party leader effective on 7 June and that she will remain as Prime Minister until her replacement is picked.

In the 2019 General Election she was re-elected in her Maidenhead constituency.

Personal life
She married Philip John May on 6 September 1980. She has no children.

In 2013, she was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.

May is a member of the Church of England and regularly worships at church on Sunday.

Honors

Styles
 Miss Theresa Brasier (1956–1980)
 Mrs Philip May (1980–1997)
 Theresa May MP (1997–2003)
 The Rt Hon Theresa May MP (2003–present)

References

Other websites