Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The following is a list of rivers of the Americas, and includes all the major rivers of the Americas:

North America
Alsek - Canada/United States
Colorado - United States / Mexico
Columbia - Canada/United States
Okanagan - Canada/United States
Kettle - Canada
Pend Oreille - United States
Kootenay - Canada/United States
Canoe - Canada
Kicking Horse - Canada
Dean - Canada
Fraser - Canada
Pitt - Canada
Thompson - Canada
Chilcotin - Canada
Quesnel - Canada
Nechako - Canada
Liard - Canada
Mackenzie - Canada
Peace - Canada
Mississippi - United States
Missouri -United States
Nass - Canada
Ohio - United States
Rio Grande - Mexico/United States
Sacramento - United States
Saskatchewan - Canada
Skagit - Canada/United States
Skeena - Canada
Babine - Canada
Bulkley - Canada
Morice - Canada
Kitwanga - Canada
Zymoetz - Canada
Squamish - Canada
St. Lawrence - Canada
Yukon - Canada/United States

Central America
Central America

Escondido - Nicaragua
Grande de Matagalpa - Nicaragua
Patuca - Honduras
San Juan - Nicaragua
Usumacinta - Mexico, Guatemala
Cahabón - Guatemala
Cahaboncito - Guatemala
Lankin - Guatemala
Nahualate - Guatemala
Los Esclavos - Guatemala
Rio Dulce - Guatemala
Reventazón River - Costa Rica
Tárcoles River - Costa Rica
Tempisque River - Costa Rica
South America
Aconcagua - Chile
Amazon - Ecuador. Perú, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil
Madeira - Brazil
Rio Negro - Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil
Tocantins - Brazil
Apure - Venezuela
Atrato - Colombia
Bío-Bío - Chile
Malleco - Chile
Caroní - Venezuela
Cautín - Chile
Chubut - Argentina
Colorado - Argentina
Elqui - Chile
Essequibo - Guyana
Itata - Chile
Ñuble - Chile
Loa - Chile
Magdalena - Colombia
Maipo - Chile
Mapocho - Chile
Maule - Chile
Loncomilla - Chile
Achibueno - Chile
Ancoa - Chile
Longaví - Chile
Perquilauquén - Chile
Purapel - Chile
Putagán - Chile
Melado - Chile
Maullín - Chile
Maroni - Suriname, French Guiana
Orinoco - Colombia, Venezuela
Apure - Venezuela
Arauca - Colombia, Venezuela
Meta - Colombia, Venezuela
Guaviare - Colombia
Parnaiba - Brazil
Rapel - Chile
Reñihue - Chile
Río Bueno - Chile
Rahue - Chile
Damas - Chile
Río de la Plata It is not really a river but the lower stretch of the Paraná and the estuary that forms after its confluence with the Uruguay
Paraná - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
Uruguay - Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
Palena - Chile
Petrohué - Chile
Puelo - Chile
São Francisco - Brazil
Toltén - Chile
Trancura - Chile
Valdivia - Chile
Calle-Calle - Chile
San Pedro - Chile
Enco - Chile
Llanquihue - Chile
Huahum - Chile, Argentina
Chapelco - Argentina
Liquiñe - Chile 
Cau-Cau - Chile
Cruces - Chile
Cutipay - Chile
Futa - Chile
Yelcho - Chile
Futaleufú - Chile
This is the List of rivers in Connecticut (U.S. state), sorted by drainage basin.

All of Connecticut's rivers flow into Long Island Sound. From there, the waters mix into the Atlantic Ocean.
Pawcatuck River
Green Fall River
Shunock River
Wood River
Mystic River
Whitford Brook
Poquonock River
Thames River
Shetucket River
Little River (Shetucket River)
Natchaug River
Fenton River
Mt. Hope River
Still River (Natchaug River)
Quinebaug River
Blackwell Brook
Fivemile River (Quinebaug River)
French River
Little River (Quinebaug River)
Moosup River
Pachaug River
Willimantic River
Hop River
Skungamaug River
Tenmile River (Willimantic River)
Yantic River
Niantic River
Fourmile River (Connecticut)
Threemile River (Connecticut)
Black Hall River
Connecticut River
Deep River (Connecticut River)
Eightmile River (Connecticut River)
Falls River (Connecticut River)
Moodus River
Salmon River
Blackledge River
Jeremy River
Farmington River
East Branch Farmington River
Nepaug River
Pequabu River
Pequabuck River
Poland River 
West Branch Farmington River
Still River (Farmington River)
Mad River (Still River)
Hockanum River
Tankerhoosen River
Mattabesett River
Coginchaug River
Coginchaug River
Park River (also known as Hog River and Little River)
Podunk River
Scantic River
Watchaug River
Patchogue River
Menunketesuck River
Indian River (Clinton)
Hammonasset River
Neck River
East River (Connecticut)
West River (Guilford)
Branford River
Farm River (Connecticut)
Quinnipiac River
Eightmile River (Quinnipiac River)
Muddy River (Connecticut)
Tenmile River (Quinnipiac River)
Mill River
West River
Sargent River
Cove River (Connecticut)
Oyster River (Connecticut)
Indian River (Milford)
Wepawaug River
Housatonic River
Blackberry River
Whiting River
Halfway River
Farmill River
Hollenbeck River
Konkapot River
Naugatuck River
Mad River (Naugatuck River)
Ten Mile River, Housatonic
Pomperaug River
Nonewaug River
Weekeepeemee River
Pootatuck River
Shepaug River
Bantam River
Marshepaug River
Still River
West Aspetuck River
East Aspetuck River
Pequonnock River
Mill River (Southport)
Saugatuck River
Aspetuck River
Little River (Saugatuck River)
West Branch Saugatuck River
Norwalk River
Norwalk River
Silvermine River
Fivemile River (Connecticut)
Noroton River
Rippowam River
Mill River (Rippowam River)
Mianus River
Byram River
Hudson River (New York)
Croton River (New York)
Titicus River
References

Connecticut
Zakynthos (or Zante) is a Greek island. It is the third largest island in the Ionian Sea. It is in the south Ionian Sea, west of the Peloponnese. Zakynthos' total population amounts to 41,472 inhabitants. The largest town of Zakynthos is Zakynthos city. Zakynthos is mostly flat island, with an area of 410 square kilometres.To the north of the island, there are low mountains and hills.

Sights and tourism

Zakynthos is a very touristic island. Most tourists who visit the island come from Western Europe, mainly Italy and England. The most popular part of island is the southern part. The island has many beautiful beaches, the most famous including the Navagio (shipwreck) and the beach of Laganas. The Mediterranean turtle lives in and around Zakynthos. It is also called careta careta. This species is very rare and it is a threatened species.

References

Islands of Greece
Paros is a Greek island which belongs in Cyclades group. It is the third largest island in the Cyclades. Its area is 195 square meter and its population is 12,853. The island has got a scheme almost circular. The most largest towns in Paros is Paroikia (or Paros city) and Naoussa.

Sights-Architecture
The island is very touristic. Every summer many thousands tourists came to Paros. The most of them came from European countries. The island has got beautiful beaches and very beautiful villages. The main feature of the villages of Paros is its important architecture. The houses of the villages has got cubic scheme with intense white colour. The windows and the doors has got an intense colour, usually azure or blue.

References

Other websites 
The website of Paros 

Islands of Greece
Shawnee Park is a park in Louisville, Kentucky.  It was created by Frederick Law Olmsted, who made 18 of the city's 123 public parks. Along with the rest of the city's Olmsted-designed park system, Shawnee Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

History
Shawnee Park was first planned in 1890 to be one of the free flagship parks in Louisville's new park system. All three were found on the geographic edges of the city. In Shawnee's case, it was the western edge bordering the Ohio River. The land at the time was still mostly used for truck farms, but it was clear residential development was imminent even without the park. Shawnee was the slowest of the parks to create, as much of the land was already owned by investors who thought they could increase the sale price by holding out.
The city had to force owners to sell the properties to obtain the land for the park, and won the case in 1895. In 1896, the city started to create access to the park, another area in which Shawnee was behind the other two parks. River Park Drive was laid out in 1899, but the Broadway entrance remained unfinished until 1914.

The Olmsted firm advised the city not to build a golf course at Shawnee Park due to the "grave danger to visitors in the park and especially the children" but demand was such that the course was built anyway in 1927.

All three parks had the intended effect of spurring residential development near them. The interest was so great that developers found themselves promoting the parks rather than their own developments, as the highest prices would exist for the park perceived to be best. Dozens of subdivisions were built near Shawnee Park, and the neighborhood itself came to be called Shawnee.
Shawnee Park allowed access only to whites from 1924 to 1954, although park officials and police had a de facto policy of not allowing blacks access to the park for some years prior to that. The only park blacks were allowed access to was nearby Chickasaw Park, which many people entered by traveling through Shawnee.

Features

Great Lawn

Although now overshadowed by the Louisville Waterfront Park, Shawnee boasts an expansive Great Lawn which is very useful for formal gatherings.  The Great Lawn, the principal feature of the park, is enclosed by plantings and a circular drive that is lined with trees.

Riverwalk Trail
Louisville's Riverwalk Trail, which passes through Shawnee Park, extends across Louisville's waterfront, which is an extensive, mostly flat pedestrian pathway. The one-way distance between the Belvedere and Shawnee Park is 6.2 miles.

References

Other websites
Metro Parks page 
Satellite image of Shawnee Park
Louisville, Kentucky
Parks in the United States
National Register of Historic Places
Iraklis is a Greek football club which is based in Thessaloniki. It is founded in 1908 and it is the most oldest club of Thessaloniki. Iraklis is the third most successful club of Thessaloniki after PAOK and Aris. It has won a Greek cup in 1976. He always plays in the highest professional football league of Greece unless one year. The name of club is the name of ancient Greek hero Hercules, which in Greek is said Iraklis. Its colour is the blue and white.

Other websites
Iraklis Thessaloniki FC - Official website

Greek football clubs
Thessaloniki
1908 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Greece
Active Worlds (AW) is a 3D virtual reality platform. The "Active Worlds Browser" runs on Windows. Users assign themselves a user name, log into the Active Worlds virtual world universe, and explore 3D virtual worlds and environments that other users have created.  Users can chat with one another or build structures and areas from a selection of objects. AW allows users to own worlds and universes, and develop 3D content.

Related pages 
Second Life
IMVU

Software
Jim (or Jimmy) Clark OBE (4 March 1936 – 7 April 1968) was a British Formula One racing driver from Scotland.

He was the dominant driver of his era, winning two World Championships, in 1963 and 1965. At the time of his death, he had won more Grand Prix races (25) and achieved more Grand Prix pole positions (33) than any other driver. He also competed in the Indianapolis 500 five times, and won it once, in 1965.

In 2009, The Times placed Clark at the top of a list of the greatest Formula One drivers.

Clark crashed off the Hockenheimring, Baden-Wuerttemberg, West Germany during a race and died of his injuries on the way to hospital.

References

1936 births
1968 deaths
Deaths in sport
British Formula One drivers
Scottish racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Fife
Emerson Fittipaldi (born December 12, 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a highly successful Brazilian automobile racing driver. He has won championships in both Formula One, and CART. Fittipaldi won the Indianapolis 500 twice.

Early life
Emerson Fittipaldi was born in São Paulo, Brazil. He is the younger son of prominent Italian-Brazilian motorsports journalist and radio commentator Wilson Fittipaldi Sr and his wife Józefa "Juzy" Wojciechowska, an immigrant from Saint Petersburg, Russia and of Polish and Russian descent.

References

1946 births
Living people
Brazilian Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from São Paulo
Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (22 February 1949 – 20 May 2019) was an Austrian Formula One driver. He was a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in ,  and . He was also an aviator, entrepreneur and writer. He has founded and run two airlines and was manager of the Jaguar Formula One racing team for two years. In February 2018, Toto Wolff and Niki Lauda signed a deal at Mercedes until 2020.

Lauda died after a period of ill health on 20 May 2019 in Zürich. He was 70.
Niki Lauda raced in the 1973 F1 season as a member of the British racing motors team.in 1974 he signed with the prestigious pransing horse Scuderia Ferrari team and gathered his first career F1 victory  (as well as an additional win), finishing the season in fourth place. The 1975 racing season is one of the most storid in F1 history. Through nine races, Lauda had 5 victories and more than twice as many points in the championship standings as his closest competitor. Lauda tried to get the other drivers to agree to boycott the 10th race of the season, the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, but Lauda lost and the race went ahead. On the second lap of the German Grand Prix Lauda crashed and his car went on fire.

First Race:1971 Austrian F1 GP

Last Race: 1985 Austrian F1 GP 

First Win: 1974 Spanish F1 GP

Last Win: 1995 Dutch F1 GP

References

1949 births
2019 deaths
Austrian businesspeople
Austrian racecar drivers
Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Vienna
Antonio Ascari (15 September 1888 – 26 July 1925) was an Italian Grand Prix motor racing champion.

References

Other websites

 

1888 births
1925 deaths
Italian racecar drivers
Road accident deaths
Louis Alexandre Chiron (born 3 August 1899  in Monte Carlo, Monaco – died there on 22 June 1979) was a Grand Prix driver.

1899 births
1979 deaths
Formula One drivers
Monegasque sportspeople
Ghirlandaio is the surname of a family of the Renaissance Italian painters:
 Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494), Michelangelo's teacher
 Davide Ghirlandaio (1452–1525), younger brother of Domenico
 Benedetto Ghirlandaio (1458–1497), younger brother of Domenico and Davide
 Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (1483–1561), son of Domenico
Pietro Perugino (1446–1524) was a leading Italian painter of the Umbrian school. He developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. He was born as Pietro Vannucci in Città della Pieve. Perugino also was one of Raphael's teachers.

Related pages

 Italian Renaissance art
 List of Italian painters

1446 births
1524 deaths
15th-century Italian painters
John Michael Hawthorn (10 April 1929 – 22 January 1959) was a racing driver, born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, England, and educated at Ardingly College, West Sussex.

On 22 January 1959, only three months into his retirement, Hawthorn died in a car accident on the A3 Guildford bypass. He drove his modified 1958 Jaguar 3.4-litre saloon (now known as the 3.4 Mk 1) VDU 881 to London. The precise cause of the accident is unknown.

The accident occurred on a notoriously dangerous section of the road, the scene of 15 serious accidents (two fatal) in the previous two years. The road was also wet at the time. Driving at speed (one witness estimated 80 m.p.h.), Hawthorn overtook a Mercedes-Benz 300SL 'gull-wing' sports car driven by an acquaintance, the motor racing team manager Rob Walker. On entering a right-hand bend shortly after passing the Mercedes, Hawthorn clipped a 'Keep Left' bollard dividing the two carriageways, causing him to lose control..

References
References

1929 births
1959 deaths
British Formula One drivers
Road accident deaths
The white-tailed starfrontlet (Coeligena phalerata) is a species of hummingbird. It is found only in Colombia. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

References
 BirdLife International 2004.  Coeligena phalerata.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 10 July 2007.

Hummingbirds
Birds of South America
The Venezuelan sylph (Aglaiocercus berlepschi) is a species of hummingbird.  It is restricted to a small area of north-eastern Venezuela and is classed as an endangered species by BirdLife International. It is sometimes thought to be a subspecies of the Long-tailed Sylph (A. kingi).

The male is 22 centimeters in length with the elongated outer tail-feathers accounting for 14-15 centimeters. Its color is mostly  green. The throat is blue and the outer tail-feathers are violet, becoming blue towards the tips. The female is 9.5-11 centimeters long. The tail is shorter than that of the male but still fairly long and slightly forked. Females have a blue crown and white throat, breast and belly.

The Long-tailed Sylph is almost the same in color but does not overlap in range. Males of the subspecies caudatus have a mostly blue tail and no blue throat patch, while males of the subspecies margarethae have green tips to the tail-feathers. Females have a rufous breast and belly.
References
 (2007) Species factsheet: Aglaiocercus berlepschi.  Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 16/9/2007.
 (1978) A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela, Princeton University Press.

Other websites

BirdLife Species Factsheet.
Photograph of a Venezuelan Sylph

Birds of South America
Hummingbirds
Thankful is the first album by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released in the United States by RCA Records on April 15, 2003. She originally had the release set for fall 2002 but got pushed back due to her busy schedule. "A Moment Like This" was the first single from the album to be released, followed by "Miss Independent", "Low", and "The Trouble with Love Is".

Thankful contained two cover tracks, "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" by Aretha Franklin and "Just Missed the Train" by Danielle Brisebois. Thankful has sold 2.73 million copies in the United States and was certified platinum in Canada for selling over 100,000 copies.

Track listing

References 

2003 albums
Kelly Clarkson albums
Serdar Taşçı (born 24 April 1987) is a German footballer.

Career 
Serdar Taşçı played for SC Altbach and the Stuttgarter Kickers until he came to the youth teams of VfB Stuttgart in 1999. In 2005 he played his first matches for the second senior team, and on 20 August 2006 he had his first Bundesliga match. He won the German Championship with Stuttgart in the 2006-07 Bundesliga season. 

As a child of a Turkish family, he had also the chance to play for the Turkish national football team, but went to the German team instead. On 20 August 2008 he played his first international match against Belgium.

International career statistics 

|-
|2008||4||0
|-
|2009||5||0
|-
|2010||3||0
|-
!Total||12||0
|}

Other websites 
 Website of Serdar Taşçı 
 Serdar Taşçı on fussballdaten.de (in German)

1987 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
Christian Träsch (born 1 September 1987 in Ingolstadt, Bavaria) is a German footballer.

Career 
Träsch came to the youth teams of TSV 1860 Munich in 2003. He played for their second senior team in the Regionalliga in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 he came to the second team of VfB Stuttgart, and on 3 February 2008 he played his first match in Stuttgart's Bundesliga team. 

Träsch joined the German national football team for a trip to Asia in 2009 and played his first international match against the United Arab Emirates on 2 June 2009.

Other websites 
 Christian Träsch's website  (in German)
 Christian Träsch on fussballdaten.de (in German)

1987 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Christian Gentner (born 14 August 1985 in Nürtingen, Baden-Württemberg) is a German footballer.

Career 
Gentner won the German Under-19 Championship with VfB Stuttgart in 2003. For the 2004-05 season he came to Stuttgart's second senior team. On 20 February 2005 he played his first Bundesliga match for Stuttgart. In the 2006-07 Bundesliga season they won the German Championship.

In summer 2007 he came to VfL Wolfsburg where he won his second German Championship in 2009. He came back to Stuttgart after the 2009-10 season. 

In 2009 Gentner joined the Germany national football team for a trip to Asia and played his first international match against China PR national team on 29 May 2009.

Other websites 
 Christian Gentner on fussballdaten.de (in German)

1985 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
A vector subspace is a vector space that is a subset of another vector space. This means that all the properties of a vector space are satisfied.
Let W be a non empty subset of a vector space V, then, W is a vector subspace if and only if the next 3 conditions are satisfied:
 additive identity – the element 0 is an element of W: 0 ∈ W
 closed under addition – if x and y are elements of W, then x + y is also in W: x, y ∈ W implies x + y ∈ W
 closed under scalar multiplication – if c is an element of a field K and x is in W, then cx is in W: c ∈ K and x ∈ W implies cx ∈ W.
If  and  are subspaces of a vector space , then the sum and the direct sum of  and , denoted respectively by  and , are subspaces as well.

Related pages 

 Parallel projection

References 

Linear algebra

ru:Векторное пространство#Подпространство
An apocalypse  is a revelation: seeing something which has been hidden. It comes from the Greek word, Apokálypsis, which means "lifting of the veil", or finding out something secret. Often this secret is discovered in a dream or a vision.

In religion, the word describes Armageddon or the end of the world. This might have come from the words, apokalupsis eschaton, meaning all the secrets will be discovered "at the end of the æon, or age". In Christianity The Apocalypse of John is the Book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible. It describes the end of the world, and the second coming of Jesus Christ.

Christian eschatology
Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950) is an English singer and songwriter. He became famous as the singer and flute player in the progressive rock group Genesis. After leaving Genesis, Gabriel went on to a successful solo career. More recently he has spent his time on producing and promoting world music and pioneering digital distribution methods for music. He has also been involved in various humanitarian efforts. Gabriel was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2009. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010 with the group Genesis and again as a solo  artist in 2014.
Discography
 From Genesis to Revelation (1969) - with Genesis
 Trespass (1970) - with Genesis
 Nursery Cryme (1971) - with Genesis
 Foxtrot (1972) - with Genesis
 Selling England by the Pound (1973) - with Genesis
 The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway (1974) - with Genesis
 Peter Gabriel (Car) (1977)
 Peter Gabriel (Scratch) (1978)
 Peter Gabriel (Melt) (1980)
 Peter Gabriel (Security) (1982)
 Birdy (1985)
 So (1986)
 Passion (1989)
 Us (1992)
 OVO (2000)
 Long Walk Home (2002)
 Up (2002)
 Scratch My Back (2010)
 New Blood (2011)
 i/o (2023)

References

1950 births
Living people
English musicians
Genesis members
Mykonos is a very touristic Greek island. It belongs to Cyclades. It is in the north of Cyclades, near Syros and Tinos islands. The area of the island is 85 square kilometres. 9,320 people live there. Most of them work in the tourist industry. The island is famous mainly for its nightlife. Also, the island has many beautiful beaches, with yellow sand. Along the beaches there are bars and cafes, so the entertainment continues during day. The island has two main settlements. Chora, the capital of the island, is in the west and Ano Mera, the second settlement is in the center.

Sights
Sights

Mykonos' houses have got the distinguished  Cycladic architecture. The houses have a cubic scheme, with wooden windows, and doors, painted usually with intense colours. The alleys are painted with lime, so they have a bright white colour. Mykonos is very close to the islet Delos. Delos was very important in antiquity. It was the center of Delian League, the leaders of which were ancient Athenians. In Delos there was an important sanctuary for Apollon, one of twelve Greek gods. Delos today is a very important archaeological site and the visitors go there from Mykonos. Mykonos has many old traditional windmills, which are everywhere on the island

References

Other websites
 Official website of the Municipality of Mykonos
 Mykonos Travel Guide

Islands of Greece
Edward Jenner (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician known for creating the vaccine for smallpox.

Vaccination 
Vaccination was a concept that was known before Jenner.

In 1765, Dr John Fewster published a paper in the London Medical Society entitled "Cow pox and its ability to prevent smallpox", but he did not pursue the subject further.

After 1770, at least five investigators in England and Germany (Sevel, Jensen, Jesty 1774, Rendell, Plett 1791) successfully tested a cowpox vaccine in humans against smallpox. For example, Dorset farmer Benjamin Jesty successfully vaccinated and presumably induced immunity with cowpox in his wife and two children during a smallpox epidemic in 1774. Jenner may have been aware of Jesty's procedures and success, but after Jenner's work some 20 years later the procedure became widely understood at last.
It was a common observation that milkmaids were generally immune to smallpox. Jenner thought that the pus in the blisters that milkmaids received from cowpox (a disease similar to smallpox, but much less virulent) protected them from smallpox. He may already have heard of Benjamin Jesty's success.

On 14 May 1796, Jenner tested his hypothesis on an eight-year-old boy, the son of his gardener. He scraped pus from cowpox blisters on the hands of a milkmaid. Jenner inoculated Phipps in both arms that day, subsequently producing in Phipps a fever and some uneasiness, but no full-blown infection. Later, he injected the boy with a mild form of smallpox and he showed no sign of infection. Jenner successfully tested his hypothesis on 23 more subjects.
"Jenner's unique contribution was not that he inoculated a few persons with cowpox, but that he then proved [by subsequent challenges] that they were immune to smallpox. Moreover, he demonstrated that the protective cowpox pus could be effectively inoculated from person to person, not just directly from cattle".

References 

1749 births
1823 deaths
English physicians
Vaccinologists
Mansfield Park is the third novel by iconic English author Jane Austen. Published in 1814, it was the most successful during her lifetime.

Plot

Mansfield Park is about a poor young girl named Fanny Price.

Born in Portsmouth, Fanny's mother has two sisters, one of whom has married Sir Thomas Bertram of Mansfield Park miles away and the other lives in a cottage on the grounds of Mansfield.  This other sister, in an attempt to show off her own sense of self-importance and charity, offers to take one of her poor sister's children off her hands, and persuades Sir Thomas that Fanny could be her assistant in helping with the daily running of Mansfield and so should live there too.

At Mansfield Park, Fanny grows up with her cousins Tom, Maria, Julia and Edmund Bertram. Only Edmund is kind to her. As they grow up, Edmund's kindness to Fanny makes her fall in love with him.
However, when Fanny's uncle goes away for business, Mary Crawford and her brother Henry come to the neighborhood. Henry flirts with the Misses Bertram, making them fall in love with him, even though Maria is already engaged to a Mr. Rushworth. Mary and Edmund fall in love with each other, much to Fanny's surprise and sadness, but Mary wants Edmund to become rich and not be a clergyman. They put on a play called Lovers Vows that Fanny does not think Sir Thomas would like, so she does not join in. Just as they are trying to make her act, Sir Thomas returns home.

Henry Crawford goes away, and Maria, angry and proud, quickly marries Mr. Rushworth, even though she does not love him. Henry Crawford falls really in love with Fanny, and proposes to her, but she says no. Sir Thomas gives Fanny the ultimatum of marry Mr Crawford or go back to her parents.  Choosing to see her family again she is unhappy to see how coarse and vulgar they are.
While she is there, she finds out in a newspaper that Maria has run away with Henry Crawford. Fanny is very shocked and unhappy. Edmund comes to ask Fanny to come back to Mansfield to nurse a sick Tom. He tells Fanny that he was shocked that Mary Crawford only thought Maria and Henry were silly for being found out, and that the act of adultery was not bad. He expresses he has finally realised he has always loved Fanny, and they marry.

Other websites

Mansfield Park Free audio book at LibriVox
Mansfield Park Complete text with audio and language translations.
Mansfield Park free ebook in PDF, PDB and LIT formats
Selected quotes from Mansfield Park 
Mansfield Park Map 
Mansfield Park study guide, themes, quotes, literary devices, & teacher guide

1814 books
Books by Jane Austen
English novels
Aristarchus is a large impact crater on the Moon's surface. It is 40 kilometers large in diameter and can be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The crater was named after the Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos.

Surface features of the Moon
Impact craters
The Barossa Valley is in South Australia. It is found about  north-east of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. The Barossa Valley is famous for making wine and because of this it often has many tourists. The three main towns in the region are Nuriootpa, Tanunda and Angaston.

History 
The Barossa Valley was named in 1837 by a surveyor called Colonel William Light. It was meant to be named Barrosa, named after the town in Spain, but a mistake was made and it ended up being spelt Barossa.

The first place to be settled was Bethany in 1842 by people from both England and Germany. Most of the people to first arrive were from Germany and because of this the Barossa Valley has lots of German heritage. Soon after Bethany was established other towns were made. the next group of town to be created were: Angaston, Krondorf, Ebenezer, Penrice, Light Pass and Langmeil.
The year after the first town was made, churches stared being built. These were all Christian churches and most were Lutheran. The Christian lifestyle is still around the Barossa Valley today with lots of churches still around, although many are not Lutheran.

People 
There are about 20 000 people who live in the Barossa Valley. Most of these people live in Tanunda, Nuriootpa, Angaston, Williamstown and Lyndoch, each having more than 1000 people. A few smaller towns such as Moculta and Springton are in the Barossa Valley too and all the town are a part of the Barossa Local Government which is more commonly called the Barossa Council.

Most people in the area still call themselves Lutherans. This has caused many towns to have two or more Lutheran churches. For example, Tanunda has four, Nuriootpa has two and Angaston has two. Each town with more than 1000 people, not including Williamstown, has a Lutheran Primary School and Tanunda has a Lutheran Secondary School.
The number of people in all of the biggest towns is listed below.

Wine 
The Barossa Valley is called ‘Australia's most famous wine region’ by lots of people. There are about 150 wineries in the Barossa Valley. Some of the wineries are very famous both in Australia and overseas. The famous wineries include: Wolf Blass, Penfolds, Yalumba and Peter Lehmann Wines. The two secondary schools in the area both have wineries. Nuriootpa High School owns a winery called Barossa Class Wines (more commonly known as Nurrihannam Wines) and Faith Lutheran School owns a winery called Mengler View Wines.

Vintage Festival 
Every two years this festival is held in the Barossa Valley to celebrate the vintage. Vintage is the time between grapes been picked and then turned into wine. The vintage festival lasts for 9 days and on each day many events take place.
The most popular of all the events is the parade. This is where different companies and groups gather a few volunteers who parade from the main street in Nuriootpa through to the main street in Tanunda. Many groups choose to give out free gifts, such as lollies and stickers.

References

Other websites 
 Barossa Vintage Festival Site

Rivers of South Australia
Valleys
Wine regions of Australia
Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (May 21, 1960 – November 28, 1994) was an American serial killer. He was born in Wisconsin and moved to Ohio in 1966. He murdered young males in Wisconsin and Ohio from 1978-1991. In 1992, he was convicted of 15 murders. Dahmer later confessed to 17 murders in all, dating back to his first victim in 1978. The jury rejected Dahmer's insanity defense, and he was sentenced to 15 life terms (life imprisonment is the maximum penalty that Wisconsin has, but not Ohio, which has the death penalty). He was beaten to death with workout equipment by another inmate, Christopher Scarver, who had been jailed for murder, on the morning of November 28, 1994.  Scarver also killed another inmate, Jesse Anderson, at the same time with the workout equipment. Anderson had been jailed for murder as well. They had all been working out together.

Dahmer was diagnosed with three personality disorders: antisocial, borderline, and schizotypal.

References
References 

1960 births
1994 deaths
Deaths by beating
American murder victims
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American rapists
American serial killers
Criminals from Ohio
Gay men
LGBT people from Ohio
LGBT people from Wisconsin
Murdered criminals
People murdered in the United States
People who died in prison custody in the United States
People with antisocial personality disorder
People with borderline personality disorder
The first person to become an art historian was Giorgio Vasari. He lived in Florence during the Renaissance, at a time when there were many famous artists alive. Vasari was an artist himself. He decided to write down all the stories that were told in Florence about the many different artists who had made the city famous. He included biographies of several other artists from Northern Italy as well. When all the information was collected and the biographies written, he published them in 1568 in a book called Lives of the Artists. Because of this book, art students today have a lot of information about artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Titian and their works.

References

Related pages
Art critic

Art
The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a large mammal that lives its whole life in the sea. 

They are sometimes called "sea cows" as they eat large amounts of sea grass. They live in warm, shallow areas where the sea grass grows. This area includes the north coast of Australia, and in other countries in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. 

Dugongs are more closely related to elephants than to other sea creatures. Their closest aquatic relative is the manatee, a fresh water species found in America and West Africa.
The dugong can grow to about  long and weigh as much as . They only come to the surface to breathe, and unlike seals, they never come up on the land. A baby dugong is called a calf. It drinks milk from its mother until about two years old. A dugong reaches its adult size between the ages of 9 and 17 years. The dugong can live for up to 70 years of age. They are grey to brown in color. They have a tail with flukes, like a whale, and flippers. They do not have a dorsal fin like a shark. They have a wide flat nose, small eyes, and small ears.

The dugong is a migratory animal, but very slow moving. Studies by James Cook University showed that while many dugongs traveled less than , some went as far as . Scientists believe that dugongs move long distances for several reasons. They may be looking for food, as cyclones or floods can affect the seagrass. Males may be following females, or looking for their own territory. If the water gets cold, less than 17 degrees Centigrade, they will travel to warmer areas.
Because of their size, the only other species to attack dugongs are sharks, the Saltwater Crocodile and killer whales.

References

Sirenia
Mammals of Australia
National symbols of Papua New Guinea
The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom.  It is on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras, London, between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station. The Library is a public institution and is one of the world's largest research libraries. Since 2000 the Chief Executive of the British Library has been Lynne Brindley.
The British Library contains over 170 million items in every language that is known. It has around 25 million books, more than any other library. It has manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC. There are books, journals, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings and much more. 
 
The British Library, by the law of the United Kingdom, receives copies of every book that is published in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, including all foreign books that are sold in the UK. It also buys many books which are only published outside Britain and Ireland. The British Library adds about three million items to its collection every year. The British Library has about 388 miles (625 km) of shelves.

History
History 

The British Library, before it got its present name, started out as a group of collections made by several people in the 18th century and then given as part of a national library. The collectors were King George III,  Sir Robert Cotton, Sir Hans Sloane, and Robert Harley. The national library was part of the British Museum and was kept at various places, with some of the most important items always being on public display in the museum. 

The British Library was created in 1973 by the British Library Act 1972.  Since 1997 the main collection has been housed in a single new building on Euston Road next to St. Pancras railway station. In the middle of the building is a four-storey glass tower containing the ‘’King's Library’’, with 65,000 printed volumes along with other pamphlets, manuscripts and maps collected by King George III between 1763 and 1820.
Not all of the collection is kept in this new building. Part of the collection is at the Document Supply Centre in Yorkshire and all the newspapers from before 1800 are kept at the newspaper library at Colindale, north-west London.

In December 2009 a new storage building at Boston Spa was opened. It cost £26million and will house seven million items, stored in more than 140,000 bar-coded containers, which are retrieved by robots, from the 262 kilometres of temperature- and humidity-controlled storage space.

Highlights of the collections
The Stein collection from Central Asia. 
 The Diamond Sutra, the world's earliest dated printed book printed in 868 during the Tang Dynasty 
 The Lindisfarne Gospels, a famous illuminated manuscript
 Two Gutenberg Bibles, two of the earliest Bibles to be made on a printing press with movable type
 Two 1215 copies of Magna Carta, one of the most important documents in the history of England
 The Egerton Gospel
 The only ancient copy of the poem Beowulf 347 leaves of the Codex Sinaiticus, the oldest Bible in the world
 Codex Alexandrinus
 The Codex Arundel, one of  Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks.
 William Tyndale's 1534 English translation New Testament, the personal copy of Anne Boleyn.
 Working manuscripts by J.S. Bach, W.A. Mozart, Arthur Sullivan, Gustav Mahler,  Benjamin Britten and the Beatles.
 My Ladye Nevells Booke of Virginal Musick by William Byrd, one of the two surviving collections of 16th century music for the virginal.
References

Other websites
YouTube page

National libraries in Europe
1973 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s establishments in England
Libraries in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Camden
A disk image is a single computer file containing the complete contents of a device that contains data, such as a hard drive, tape drives, floppy disk, CD, DVD, BD, and key drive. 

A disk image file (or simply a disk image) is an exact binary copy of an entire disk or drive. Disk image files contain all the data stored on the source drive including not only its files and folders but also its boot sectors, file allocation tables, volume attributes and any other system-specific data. A disk image is not a collection of files or folders but is an exact duplicate of the raw data of the original disk, sector by sector.

Computing
R-Drive Image is a disk disk cloning and system backup computer program. The program is developed and distributed by R-Tools Technology Inc., and intended for home and corporate users.

File format
R-Drive Image uses a closed file format with the .rdi extension and an open format VMDK.

Related pages
Disk cloning
List of disk cloning software

References

Other websites 
Official website
Reviews: Techradar: R-Drive Image review, PC World: The best Windows backup software,  ,  ,  ,  

Software
Live CD
Parnitha is a mountain of Greece. It is in the south of Greece, in Attica peninsula. This mountain is the highest mountain in Attica, 1,413 meters high. The mountain is covered by dense vegetation. In the lower points is covered by Pine forests and in the higher points by Greek-fir forests. In the summer of 2007 a big part of forest was burnt because of a destructive wildfire.

References

Balkan Mountains
Mountains of Greece
Sir John Dankworth, CBE (20 September 1927 - 6 February 2010), was an English jazz composer, saxophonist and clarinetist.  He was widely thought of as Britain's most famous jazz musician.  He had a very big influence in the development of jazz in Britain.  He composed film music and several television theme tunes such as "The Avengers" and "Tomorrow's World".  In his early career he was known as Johnny Dankworth He was the husband of jazz singer Cleo Laine.

Life

Early years
John Dankworth was born in Woodford and grew up in Highams Park, Essex. His father was a sales manager who worked for an electrical engineering firm.  John soon found that he loved jazz.  He played the clarinet in a jazz band when he was still at school.

In 1944 he went to study music at the Royal Academy of Music.  He was playing the saxophone, too, but kept this a secret because jazz was not thought to be  suitable for study at the RAM.
When Dankworth did his National Service with the army, he often played in the army dance bands.  He then got a job playing jazz on the Queen Mary which sailed regularly over the Atlantic Ocean to New York.  In America he heard some of the greatest jazz players, especially Charlie Parker who played bebop.

Career
Back in Britain Dankworth took many jobs to get experience playing in jazz bands.  He was a member of a group called Club Eleven which played together for several years.  He also formed a band called Johnny Dankworth Seven with Frank Holder, who played bebop in the style of Miles Davis.  They started to get well-known, and in 1951 were joined by a young singer called Cleo Laine.
In 1953 the band broke up and Dankworth formed his first big band.  It had eight brass instruments, five saxophones, a rhythm section and vocalists.  The group was redesigned in 1956 when he put in a group of soloists instead of the saxophones.  They often played on the radio and brought in guest artists who were not necessarily jazz musicians, e.g. the clarinettist Jack Brymer and the violinist Kenneth Essex as well as the music comedian and cartoonist Gerard Hoffnung.

In 1960 he gave up playing in the band to spend more time on composition. He wrote some very successful film music, e.g. The Servant, Darling, Modesty Blaise and Morgan, A Suitable Case for Treatment. He wrote the television theme for The Avengers and Tomorrow’s World, as well as lots of music for television adverts.  He composed a musical version of Lysistrata together with Benny Green for the Bath Festival.

In 1958 he married Laine. He wrote many songs for her and played the beautiful accompaniments, often on the clarinet.
In 1969 they built a concert hall called The Stables in their garden in Wavendon in Milton Keynes.  It became an important centre for concerts, educational programmes and cultural events.

Dankworth and Laine have two children: Alec who is a double bass player and Jacqui who is a singer. John formed a band which included Alec playing the double bass.

Dankworth set up scholarships for young musicians and often worked with young people.  He encouraged educational work at The Stables.  He continued to work hard until shortly before his death.

Dankworth died in hospital in London on 6 February 2010.  His death was announced a few hours later by Laine, who spoke to the audience at the end of a concert in The Stables.  She had told the performers before the concert began.  She wanted the concert to be a celebration of his life. Alec and Jacqui were both performing in the show.

Honours
Dankworth was made a CBE in 1974 and was given a knighthood in 2006.
References
•The Daily Telegraph, 8 February 2010 p. 31: Sir John Dankworth – Obituary

1927 births
2010 deaths
British jazz musicians
British saxophonists
British clarinetists
Jazz composers
Knights Bachelor
Musicians from Essex
Child abandonment is when a parent leaves their child. There are many causes of child abandonment, including poverty or mental illness. In many countries, if a children are abandoned, they become orphans and live in an orphanage. They are raised there until they reach 18.

In the United States, "Safe Haven Laws" allow parents to leave their infants at certain safe places.  The goal of these laws is to keep parents from leaving their infants in unsafe places, or killing them.  In some states, leaving a baby at a Safe Haven is thought of as child abandonment, and a complaint may be filed in family court.  But as long as the baby has not been hurt, the parents cannot be charged with a crime for leaving their baby at a Safe Haven.  The baby is given to state child protection workers, who find a safe place for the baby and try to get him or her adopted.  Hospitals, fire stations, and police stations are common Safe Havens.
History
Abandonment (or exposure) was a widely used method of getting rid of babies that parents did not want. Babies would be left outside, often in a pot or a vase, to die. It was practiced in ancient times, especially in Athens. The babies at the most risk were girls; babies with physical disabilities; ugly babies; children born to poor families; and babies who looked unwell. In past days, Women would not voice their thoughts on whether their babies were left to die. Due to the patriarchic structure of society, the fathers were the only ones who ultimately had a say.

References

Child abuse
In math, a helix is a curve in three dimensions. It looks a bit like a spiral. Each helix has a line called its axis. The helix has a constant angle to this line. Helices are often seen in nature and the sciences. 

Three-dimensional shapes
The Cartoon Cartoon Show is the programming block that airs 15 Cartoon Cartoons on Cartoon Network. The block began airing in 2005 and has appeared on weekends at 8AM and 12PM ever since. The block also appears on weekdays at 2PM.

Cartoon Network series
English-language television programs
The Parazoa are an ancestral subkingdom of animals, literally translated as "beside the animals". Parazoans differ from their choanoflagellate ancestors in that they are macroscopic and have differentiated cells, but unlike "true animals" (Eumetazoa), they do not have tissues. Most people put Placozoa in Parazoa, but Placozoa can also be placed in the subkingdom Agnotozoa.

Groups of phyla
The basic concept of the theory of everything is that one theory could explain every aspect of physics.  The four basic forces of nature are gravity, the strong force, the weak force, and the electromagnetic force; the theory of general relativity explains gravity, and quantum mechanics explains the other three forces. Right now, no one theory that everyone accepts can explain all four forces.

String theory is a theory that could become the "theory of everything".
Unified field theory 
Unified field theory is a hope for a theory of fields in physics that will explain all natural phenomena. Theories in physics can be very different and even disagree with each other. This is true for example for quantum mechanics (the science of very small things) and general relativity (the science of space and time). The goal of unified field theory is to take all the different parts of physics and combine them into one theory that explains everything. The Standard Model comes close to a unified field theory, combining everything except general relativity.

References

Nuclear physics
Basic physics ideas