Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1942 – World War II: Second Battle of Kharkov – In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive. During the battle, the Soviets capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.
 1943 – In Hunan, China, Japanese Imperial Army officers commit the massacre of Chiangjiang, killing 30,000 civilians.
 1948 - Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands announces that she is to abdicate the throne in September, when her daughter becomes Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.
 1949 - Western occupying powers approve the basic law for the new German state, the Federal Republic of Germany.
 1949 – Cold War: The Soviet Union lifts its Blockade of Berlin.
 1955 - Austria regains its independence after Allied occupation.
 1958 – A formal North American Aerospace Defense Command agreement is signed between the United States and Canada.
 1962 – Douglas MacArthur delivers his famous "Duty, Honor, Country" valedictory speech at West Point.
1965 – The Soviet spacecraft Luna 5 crashes on the Moon.
 1966 – Busch Memorial Stadium, home of the St. Louis Cardinals major league baseball team, opens in St. Louis, Missouri.
 1967 – At Queen Elizabeth Hall, England, Pink Floyd stages the first-ever quadraphonic rock concert.
 1972 – The Rolling Stones release Exile on Main St., often considered their best album.
 1975 – Mayagüez incident: The Cambodian navy seizes the American merchant ship SS Mayaguez in international waters.
 1978 – In Zaire, rebels occupy the city of Kolwezi, the mining center of the province of Shaba. The government of Zaire asks the U.S., France and Belgium to restore order.
 1989 - A Southern Pacific Railroad freight train derails on Duffy Street on the very steep Cajon Pass in San Bernardino, California.
 1990 - As the previous claim of Shigechiyo Izumi is no longer considered, Jeanne Calment is already considered to have become the oldest-recorded human ever on this date, more than five years earlier than previously thought.
1998 - Four students are shot at Trisakti University in Indonesia, leading to widespread riots and the resignation, on May 21, of President Suharto, who had ruled the country for over 30 years.
 1999 – David Steel becomes the first Presiding Officer (speaker) of the modern Scottish Parliament.
 2000 – The Tate Modern art gallery opens in London.
From 2001 
 2001 – In Copenhagen, Denmark, Tanel Padar & Dave Benton win the forty-sixth Eurovision Song Contest for Estonia singing "Everybody".
 2002 – Former US President Jimmy Carter arrives in Cuba for a five-day visit with Fidel Castro becoming first President of the United States, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution.
 2003 – International Development Secretary Clare Short resigns from the British government over the Iraq War.
 2003 – The Riyadh compound bombings are carried out by Al-Qaeda. 26 people are killed.
 2006 - Mass unrest in the Primeiro Comando de Capital begins in São Paulo, Brazil, leaving at least 150 people dead.
 2007 - Riots in Karachi, Pakistan, kill at least 50 people.
 2007 – Marija Serifovic wins the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest for Serbia in Helsinki, Finland.
 2008 – A major earthquake occurs in China's Sichuan province, killing thousands of people.
2010 – An Afriqiyah Airlines plane crashes in Tripoli, Libya. 103 are killed, and only one survives.
 2010 - The Unity Bridge over the Rovuma River, linking Tanzania and Mozambique, opens.
 2015 - A magnitude 7.3 earthquake hits Nepal, two weeks after one of slightly higher magnitude had killed over 8,000 people. Casualties are reported in Nepal, India, China and Bangladesh.
 2017 - The WannaCry ransomware cyber attack affects computer systems around the world.
 2018 - Israel's Netta Barzilai wins the 63rd Eurovision Song Contest in Lisbon, Portugal; United Kingdom entrant SuRie was interrupted by a stage invasion during her performance.
 2019 - Liverpool F.C. set a record points total for a second-placed team in the English Premier League, as their 97 points amount to one less than the 98 points of champions Manchester City F.C..
Up to 1900 
 1401 – Emperor Shoko of Japan (d. 1428)
 1496 – King Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1560)
 1590 – Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1621)
 1622 – Louis de Buade de Frontenac, Governor-General of New France (d. 1698)
 1626 - Louis Hennepin, Flemish priest and missionary (d. 1705)
 1670 – Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland (d. 1733)
 1700 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian engineer and architect (d. 1773)
 1725 - Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orleans (d. 1785)
 1754 - Franz Anton Hoffmeister, German composer and publisher (d. 1812)
 1755 - Giovanni Battista Viotti, Italian violinist (d. 1824)
 1767 – Manuel de Godoy, Spanish statesman (d. 1851)
 1794 - George Cathcart, British general (d. 1854)
 1803 – Justus Liebig, German chemist (d. 1873)
 1804 - Robert Baldwin, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1858)
 1806 – Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (d. 1881)
 1809 - Robert Charles Winthrop, American politician (d. 1894)
 1812 – Edward Lear, English writer, artist and poet (d. 1888)
1814 – Adolf von Henselt, German composer and pianist (d. 1889)
 1820 – Florence Nightingale, British nurse (d. 1910)
 1823 - John Russell Hind, British astronomer (d. 1895)
 1823 - Frederik Vermehren, Danish painter (d. 1910)
 1825 - Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, French lawyer and explorer (d. 1878) 
 1828 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, British painter (d. 1882)
 1829 - Pavlos Carrer, Greek composer (d. 1896)
 1840 - Alejandro Gorostiaga, Chilean military officer (d. 1912)
 1842 - Jules Massenet, French composer (d. 1912)
 1845 – Gabriel Faure, French composer (d. 1924)
 1850 – Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesman (d. 1924)
 1851 - Joseph Toole, Governor of Montana (d. 1929)
 1867 - Frank Brangwyn, British artist (d. 1956)
 1872 - Anton Korosic, Slovenian politician, 10th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 1940)
 1875 - Charles Holden, English architect (d. 1960)
 1880 – Lincoln Ellsworth, American polar explorer and pilot (d. 1951)
 1885 – Mario Sironi, Italian painter (d. 1961)
1886 - Ernst A. Lehmann, German captain (d. 1937)
 1889 – Otto Frank, father of Anne Frank (d. 1980)
 1889 - Abelardo L. Rodríguez, President of Mexico (d. 1967)
 1892 - William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor of Maryland (d. 1967)
 1895 – Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher, writer and spiritual teacher (d. 1986)
 1895 – William Giauque, American chemist (d. 1982)
 1899 – Indra Devi, Latvian-born Yoga teacher (d. 2002)
 1900 – Helene Weigel, Austrian-German actress (d. 1971)
1901  1950 
 1903 - Lennox Berkeley, English composer (d. 1989)
 1907 – Katharine Hepburn, American actress (d. 2003)
 1908 - Alejandro Scopelli, Argentine-born Italian footballer (d. 1987)
 1910 – Johan Ferrier, first President of Suriname (d. 2010)
 1910 – Dorothy Hodgkin, British biochemist (d. 1994)
 1910 – Giulietta Simionato, Italian opera singer (d. 2010)
 1913 - Igor Bondarevsky, Russian chess player (d. 1979)
 1915 – Frère Roger, Swiss religious leader (d. 2005)
 1918 - Mary Kay Ash, American businesswoman (d. 2001)
 1918 – Julius Rosenberg, American, convicted of spying for the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
 1920 - Vilém Flusser, Czech-Brazilian philosopher, writer and journalist (d. 1991)
 1921 - Joseph Beuys, German artist (d. 1986)
 1921 - Farley Mowat, Canadian environmentalist and writer (d. 2014)
 1921 - Giovanni Benelli, Italian cardinal (d. 1982)
 1922 - Roy Salvadori, English racing driver (d. 2012)
 1922 - Murray Gershenz, American actor (d. 2013)
1922 - Marco Denevi, Argentine writer (d. 1998)
 1924 – Tony Hancock, British comedian (d. 1968)
 1924 - Alexander Esenin-Volpin, Russian-American mathematician (d. 2016)
 1925 - Yogi Berra, American baseball player and manager (d. 2015)
 1926 - James Samuel Coleman, American sociologist (d. 1995)
 1926 - Viren J. Shah, Indian politician, 21st Governor of West Bengal (d. 2013)
 1928 - Burt Bacharach, American pianist and composer
 1929 – Sam Nujoma, first, and former, President of Namibia
 1929 - Dollard St. Laurent, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
 1929 - Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher
 1930 - Jesús Franco, Spanish director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
 1930 – Manuel Marulanda, Colombian guerrilla (d. 2008)
 1932 - Derek Malcolm, British movie critic and historian
 1933 – Andrey Voznesensky, Russian poet (d. 2010)
 1935 - Hoss Ellington, American NASCAR driver (d. 2014)
 1935 – Gary Peacock, American jazz musician
 1935 - Johnny Bucyk, Canadian ice hockey player
1936 – Frank Stella, American painter and sculptor
 1936 – Tom Snyder, American television personality (d. 2007)
 1936 – Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (d. 2009)
 1937 - George Carlin, American stand-up comedian (d. 2008)
 1937 - Beryl Burton, English cyclist (d. 1996)
 1937 - Miriam Stoppard, English doctor, writer and broadcaster
 1938 - Andrei Amalrik, Russian historian, publicist, writer and dissident (d. 1980)
 1939 - Reg Gasnier, Australian rugby league player (d. 2014)
 1939 – Ron Ziegler, American White House Press Secretary (d. 2003)
 1939 – Jalal Dabagh, Kurdish politician, writer and journalist
 1942 – Ian Dury, British singer (d. 2000)
 1944 - Chris Patten, British politician, last British Governor of Hong Kong
 1945 - Alan Ball, Jr., English footballer (d. 2007)
 1945 - Ian McLagan, English-American singer-songwriter and keyboardist (d. 2014)
 1946 – Gareth Evans, British philosopher
 1947 – Michael Ignatieff, Canadian politician
 1948 - John Blackley, Scottish footballer
1948 – Ivan Kral, Czech-American musician
 1948 – Steve Winwood, British musician
 1948 – David Heineman, American politician, 39th Governor of Nebraska
 1948 - Joe Tasker, English mountaineer (d. 1982)
 1950 – Gabriel Byrne, Irish actor
 1950 - Helena Kennedy, English judge and politician
 1950 - Jenni Murray, English journalist and broadcaster
 1950 - Renate Stecher, German athlete
1951  1975 
 1954 – Fridrik Thor Fridriksson, Icelandic movie director
 1958 – Eric Singer, American musician (KISS)
 1961 - Jennifer Armstrong, American writer
 1961 - Billy Duffy, English guitarist and songwriter
 1962 – Emilio Estevez, American actor
 1962 - Brett Gurewitz, American guitarist and songwriter
 1962 - April Grace, American actress
 1963 – Stefano Modena, Italian racing driver
 1963 - Panagiotis Fasoulas, Greek basketball player and politician
 1963 - Gavin Hood, South African actor, director, producer and screenwriter
 1966 - Stephen Baldwin, American actor
 1966 – Bebel Gilberto, Brazilian singer
 1967 - Paul D'Amour, American singer and musician
 1967 - Bill Shorten, Australian politician
 1968 – Tony Hawk, American skateboarder
 1968 – Catherine Tate, British comedienne
 1969 - Kevin Nalty, American comedian and blogger
 1970 – Mark Foster, British swimmer
 1970 – Samantha Mathis, American actress
 1974 - Marc Capdevila, Spanish swimmer
1974 - Taraneh Javanbakht, Iranian poet, writer, artist, scientist and activist
 1975 – Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2015)
From 1976 
 1977 – Graeme Dott, Scottish snooker player
 1978 – Aya Ishiguro, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
 1978 - Jason Biggs, American actor
 1978 - Josh Phelps, American baseball player
 1980 – Felipe Lopez, Puerto Rican baseball player
 1981 - Kentaro Sato, Japanese-American composer and conductor
 1981 - Rami Malek, American actor
 1981 - Lorena Bernal, Argentine-Spanish model and actress
 1983 – Charilaos Pappas, Greek footballer
 1983 – Alina Kabayeva, Russian gymnast
 1983 - Yujiro Kushida, Japanese professional wrestler
 1983 - Francisco Javier Torres, Mexican footballer
 1984 - Tommaso Reato, Italian rugby player
 1984 - Justin Williams, American basketball player
 1985 - Andrew Howe, Italian athlete
 1986 - Jonathan Orozco, Mexican footballer
 1986 – Emily VanCamp, Canadian actress
 1987 - Robbie Rogers, American soccer player
 1988 – Marcelo Vieira, Brazilian footballer
 1992 - Erik Durm, German footballer
 1992 – Malcolm David Kelley, American actor
 1995 – Luke Benward, American actor
1995 - Sawyer Sweeten, American actor (d. 2015)
 1995 - Sullivan Sweeten, American actor
 2003 – Madeleine McCann, missing since 2007
Up to 1900 
 1003 – Pope Silvester II
 1012 – Pope Sergius IV
 1182 – Valdemar I of Denmark (b. 1131)
 1382 – Queen Joan I of Naples (b. 1327)
 1465 – Thomas Palaeologus, titular Byzantine Emperor (b. 1409)
 1641 – Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford (b. 1593)
 1684 – Edme Mariotte (b. 1620), French physicist and priest
 1700 – John Dryden, English writer (b. 1631)
 1708 – Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)
 1784 - Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (b. 1710)
 1796 - Johann Peter Uz, German poet (b. 1720)
 1845 – János Bacsanyi, Hungarian poet (b. 1763)
 1856 - Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, French mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1786)
 1859 – Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (b. 1791)
 1860 - Charles Barry, English architect (b. 1795)
 1864 - J.E.B. Stuart, American general (b. 1833)
 1867 – Friedrich William Eduard Gerhard, German archaeologist (b. 1795)
 1876 - Georgi Benkovski, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1843)
 1884 – Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)
1889 – John Cadbury, English chocolate entrepreneur (b. 1801)
 1890 - Frances Parthenope Vernay, sister of Florence Nightingale (b. 1819)
1901  2000 
 1907 – Joris-Karl Huysmans, French writer (b. 1848)
 1913 - Enriqueta Marti, Spanish serial killer and kidnapper of children (b. 1868)
 1916 – James Connolly, Irish socialist and Easter Rising leader (b. 1868)
 1925 – Amy Lowell, poet (b. 1874)
 1935 – Józef Piłsudski, Polish statesman (b. 1867)
 1944 – Max Brand, writer (b. 1892)
 1944 – Q, British writer (b. 1863)
 1956 – Louis Calhern, movie actor (b. 1895)
 1957 – Erich von Stroheim, movie director and actor (b. 1885)
 1957 - Alfonso de Portago, Spanish bobsledder and racing driver (b. 1928)
 1963 – Bobby Kerr, Canadian runner (b. 1882)
 1966 - Felix Martin Julius Steiner, German SS officer (b. 1896)
 1967 – John Masefield, British writer (b. 1878)
 1970 – Nelly Sachs, German writer (b. 1891)
 1971 – Heinie Manush, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1901)
 1973 – Frances Marion, American screenwriter and director (b. 1888)
 1978 - Robert Coogan, American actor (b. 1924)
 1985 – Jean Dubuffet, painter (b. 1901)
1986 – Elisabeth Bergner, actress (b. 1897)
 1986 – Alicia Moreau de Justo, Argentine physician, politician, pacifist and activist (b. 1885)
 1992 – Robert Reed, actor (b. 1932)
 1994 – John Smith, British politician (b. 1938)
 1994 - Erik Erikson, German psychoanalyst (b. 1902)
 1995 - Mia Martini, Italian singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1942)
 2000 – Adam Petty, race car driver (b. 1980)
From 2001 
 2001 – Perry Como, singer (b. 1912)
 2001 - Alexei Tupolev, Russian aircraft designer (b. 1925)
 2002 - Joseph Bonanno, Italian-American gangster (b. 1905)
 2003 – Sadruddin Aga Khan, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1965 – 1977
 2005 – Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1937)
 2006 - Hussein Maziq, Prime Minister of Libya (b. 1918)
 2008 – Irena Sendler, Polish humanitarian (b. 1910)
 2008 - Robert Rauschenberg, American painter (b. 1925)
 2009 – Antonio Vega, Spanish singer (b. 1957)
 2013 - Gerd Langguth, German professor of political science (b. 1946)
 2013 - Constantino Romero, Spanish actor (b. 1947)
 2014 - Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan doctor and scientist (b. 1913)
 2014 - H. R. Giger, Swiss artist (b. 1940)
 2014 - Sarat Pujari, Indian actor, director and movie producer (b. 1934)
 2014 - Lorenzo Zambrano, Spanish businessman, CEO of CEMEX (b. 1944)
 2014 - Marco Cé, Italian cardinal (b. 1925)
 2014 - Cornell Borchers, Lithuanian-German actress (b. 1925)
2014 - Nash the Slash, Canadian musician (b. 1948)
 2015 - Peter Gay, German-American psychohistorian (b. 1923)
 2015 - Suchitra Bhattacharya, Indian novelist (b. 1950)
 2015 - William Zinsser, American writer (b. 1922)
 2015 - William MacDonald, English-Australian serial killer (b. 1924)
 2016 - Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (b. 1924)
 2016 - Susannah Mushatt Jones, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
 2016 - Mike Agostini, Trinidadian sprinter (b. 1935)
 2016 - Julius La Rosa, American pop singer (b. 1930)
 2016 - Del Latta, American politician (b. 1920)
 2016 - Yukio Ninagawa, Japanese film and theatre director (b. 1935)
 2016 - Georges Sesia, French footballer (b. 1924)
 2017 - Antonio Candido, Brazilian literary critic and sociologist (b. 1918)
 2017 - Mauno Koivisto, 10th President of Finland (b. 1923)
 2017 - Yale Lary, American football player, businessman and politician (b. 1930)
 2017 - Henri Termeer, Dutch-American biotechnology expert (b. 1946)
 2017 - Yu So-chow, Chinese actress (b. 1930)
2017 - Amotz Zahavi, Israeli evolutionary biologist (b. 1928)
 2018 - Will Alsop, English architect (b. 1947)
 2018 - Tessa Jowell, English politician (b. 1947)
 2018 - Antonio Mercero, Spanish film and television director (b. 1936)
 2018 - Dennis Nilsen, Scottish serial killer (b. 1945)
 2018 - Kevin Tierney, Irish-Canadian film producer (b. 1950)
 2018 - Donald Gary Young, American business executive (b. 1950)
 2018 - Chuck Knox, American football coach (b. 1932)
 2019 - Héctor Enrique Olivares, Argentine politician (b. 1958)
 2019 - Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Lebanese Maronite cardinal (b. 1920)
 2019 - Alan Skirton, English footballer (b. 1939)
 2019 - Hiralal Yadav, Indian folk singer (b. 1925)
Observances 
 International Nurses' Day, in honour of Florence Nightingale
 Johan Vilhelm Snellman Day (Finland)

Days of the year
1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Events 
 January 6 – Maria Montessori opens her first school and daycare center for working class children in Rome (Casa dei Bambini in San Lorenzo).
 January 14 – An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000.
 January 23 – Charles Curtis from Kansas, becomes the first Native American US Senator.
 November 16 - Oklahoma becomes a U.S. state.
 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French doctor, won in 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
 Rudyard Kipling awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Births

January 

 January 3 – Ray Milland, Welsh actor and director (d. 1986)
 January 11 – Pierre Mendès France, Prime Minister of France (d. 1982)

February 

 February 15 – Cesar Romero, American actor (d. 1994)
 February 15 – Hastings Banda, 1st President of Malawi (d. 1997)

March 

 March 17 – Takeo Miki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1988)

April
April 

 April 5 – Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2002)
 April 29 – Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-born movie director (d. 1997)

May 

 May 12 – Katharine Hepburn, American actress (d. 2003)
 May 14 – Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (d. 1974)
 May 22 – Hergé, Belgian cartoonist (d. 1983)
 May 22 – Laurence Olivier, British actor (d. 1989)
 May 25 – U Nu, Burmese politician (d. 1995)
 May 26 – John Wayne, American actor (d. 1979)

June 

 June 4 – Rosalind Russell, American actress (d. 1976)
 June 16 - Jack Albertson, American actor (d. 1981)
 June 25 – J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist (d. 1973)

July 

 July 6 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (d. 1954)
 July 7 – Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer (d. 1988)
 July 16 – Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (d. 1990)

August
August 

 August 3 – Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (d. 1996)
 August 3 - Yang Shangkun, Chinese politician (d. 1998)
 August 8 – Benny Carter, American musician (d. 2003)
 August 12 – Miguel Torga, Portuguese writer (d. 1995)
 August 30 - Leonor Fini, Argentine painter (d. 1996)
 August 31 – Ramon Magsaysay, President of the Philippines (d. 1957)

September 

 September 17 – Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1995)
 September 29 – Gene Autry, American country music singer and actor (d. 1998)

October 

 October 2 – Alexander R. Todd, Scottish chemist (d. 1997)

November 
 November 15 – Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German army officer during World War Two (d. 1944)

December 

 December 15 – Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect (d. 2012)
 December 25 – Cab Calloway, American bandleader (d. 1994)
Deaths 
 January 31 – Timothy Eaton, Canadian department store founder (b. 1834)
 February 2 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (b. 1834)
 February 16 – Giosue Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835)
 February 16 – Clémentine of Orléans, daughter of King Louis-Philippe of France (b. 1817)
 February 20 – Henri Moissan, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
 February 26 – C. W. Alcock, English footballer, journalist, and football promoter (b. 1842)
 March 19 – Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (b. 1836)
 May 12 – Joris-Karl Huysmans, French writer (b. 1848)
 August 15 – Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (b. 1831)
 August 16 – James Hector, Scottish geologist (b. 1834)
 September 4 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (b. 1843)
 September 6 – Sully Prudhomme, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1829)
 November 16 – Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma (b. 1848)
 November 28 – Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish writer, painter, and architect (b. 1869)
December 8 – King Oscar II of Sweden (b. 1829)
 December 17 – Lord Kelvin, Irish-born physicist and engineer (b. 1824)
Up to 1900 
 218 BC – Battle of the Trebia, Hannibal's first great victory over the Roman Republic.
 1271 - Kublai Khan renames his Empire Yuan.
 1352 – Innocent VI is elected Pope.
 1622 - Portuguese forces score a military victory over the Kingdom of Kongo at the Battle of Mbumbi in present-day Angola.
 1642 – Abel Tasman lands at Mohua Golden Bay becoming the first European in New Zealand.
 1644 - Christina of Sweden reaches the age 18, allowing her to govern alone.
 1776 – North Carolina's Constitution is ratified.
 1777 - The United States celebrates it first Thanksgiving Day. The holiday is nowadays celebrated in late November.
 1787 – New Jersey becomes the third state to ratify the United States Constitution.
 1793 - Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French Royalists to Lord Samuel Hood.
 1865 – Slavery is abolished in the United States, with the passing of the 13th Amendment.
1867 - The last coach of a Lake Shore Railway train derails, plunges down a gully and catches fire in Angola, New York, killing 49 people.
 1878 - The Al-Thani family takes over the government of Qatar.
 1878 - French passenger steamer Byzantin collides with British steamer Rinaldo and sinks in a storm in the Dardanelles, Turkey, killing 150 people.
 1884 - Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet is published for the first time.
 1888 - Richard Wetherill and his brother-in-law discover the ancient Native American ruins of Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde.
 1892 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite premiers in St. Petersburg.
 1894 – Women in South Australia become the first in Australia to gain the right to vote and to be elected to Parliament.
 1898 - Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the officially recognized land-speed record of 39.245 miles per hour (63.159 kilometers per hour) in Jeantaud electric car.
1901  2000 
 1912 – Piltdown Man is "discovered". It is later revealed to be a hoax.
 1914 – Egypt becomes a British Protectorate.
 1916 – The Battle of Verdun ends in World War I.
 1917 - The United States Congress passes the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, to enact prohibition of alcohol.
 1921 - Soccer: Poland plays its first-ever match, losing 1-0 to Hungary.
 1925 - António Maria da Silva becomes the last Prime Minister of the First Portuguese Republic.
 1926 – The Makropulos Affair, an opera by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček, premieres in Brno, the Czech Republic.
 1932 - The Chicago Bears defeat the Portsmouth Spartans 9-0 in the first-ever NFL championship game in Chicago.
 1939 - World War II: The Battle of Heligoland Bight, the first major air battle of the war, begins.
 1944 – The first edition of the French newspaper Le Monde is published.
 1944 – Typhoon Cobra hits the island of Luzon in the Philippines, killing 790 people.
 1956 – Japan joins the UN.
1958 – Niger becomes an autonomous state within the French Community on December 4, 1958, after the establishment of the Fifth French Republic. Following full independence on August 3, 1960, however, membership was allowed to lapse.
 1958 - Project SCORE, the world's first communications satellite, is launched.
 1961 – Indonesia invades New Guinea to annex western New Guinea, formerly known as Netherlands New Guinea.
 1961 - Indian troops enter the then-Portuguese colonies of Goa and Daman and Diu, leading to them becoming part of India.
 1965 – Japan and South Korea begin formal relations
 1966 – Saturn's moon Epimetheus is discovered by Richard L. Walker, and then lost for 12 years
 1969 – Capital punishment is ended in the United Kingdom.
 1971 - The Capitol Reef National Park is created in Utah.
 1971 - Alaska: The Alaska Native Claims Settlements Act takes effect.
 1973 – The Soyuz 13 is launched.
 1975 - Louis Sylvain Goma becomes Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo.
1978 – Dominica joins the UN.
 1990 - International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is adopted.
 1992 – Kim Young-sam is elected President of South Korea, ending a period of military rule.
 1995 - A Lockheed L-188 Electra of Congolese Trans Service Airlift airline crashes shortly after take-off from Jumba, Angola, killing 141 people, with 3 surviving the crash.
 1996 – "Ebonics" is declared a language or dialect by the outgoing school board of Oakland, California, whose vote was overturned by the incoming board.
 1997 - Kim Dae Jung is elected President of South Korea.
 1997 – HTML 4.0 is released by the World Wide Web Consortium.
From 2001 
 2002 – The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, the second movie in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, opens in theaters.
 2002 – California Governor Gray Davis announces that the state would face a record budget deficit of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier; the budget issue was used to support his 2003 recall from office.
 2003 – The Simple English Wikipedia begins using the MediaWiki software.
 2005 - Civil war begins in Chad.
 2005 - Evo Morales is elected President of Bolivia.
 2006 - Flooding begins in Malaysia, which will result in 118 deaths.
 2006 - The United Arab Emirates holds its first elections.
 2017 - Sebastian Kurz becomes Chancellor of Austria, leading a right-wing coalition government.
 2019 - The United States House of Representatives votes for the first impeachment of Donald Trump.

Births
Up to 1900 
 1392 - John VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1448)
 1418 - Albert VI, Archduke of Austria (d. 1463)
 1575 - Michelangelo Galilei, Italian composer (d. 1631)
 1626 – Christina of Sweden (d. 1689)
 1661 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (d. 1751)
 1662 - James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, Scottish politician (d. 1711)
 1707 - Charles Wesley, English hymn composer (d. 1788)
 1718 - Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia (d. 1746)
 1734 - Jean-Baptiste Rey, French conductor and composer (d. 1810)
 1768 - Marie-Guillemine Benoist, French painter (d. 1826)
 1778 – Joseph Grimaldi, English clown (d. 1837)
 1788 - Camille Pleyel, French pianist (d. 1855)
 1803 - William Allen, 31st Governor of Ohio (d. 1879)
 1824 - John Hall, 12th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1907)
 1825 - Charles Griffin, American general (d. 1876)
 1828 - Viktor Rydberg, Swedish writer (d. 1895)
 1835 – Lyman Abbott, American writer (d. 1922)
 1847 - Augusta Holmès, French composer (d. 1903)
1848 - Roger Allin, 4th Governor of North Dakota (d. 1936)
 1849 – Henrietta Edwards, Canadian women's rights activist (d. 1931)
 1856 – J. J. Thomson, English physicist (d. 1940)
 1861 - Lionel Monckton, English composer (d. 1924)
 1863 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (d. 1914)
 1868 - Carlo Perosi, Italian cardinal (d. 1930)
 1870 - Saki (Hector Hugh Munro), British writer (d. 1916)
 1873 - Francis Burton Harrison, American politician (d. 1957)
 1879 – Joseph Stalin, Georgian-born leader of the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
 1879 – Paul Klee, Swiss-born painter (d. 1940)
 1882 - Richard Maury, American-Argentine engineer (d. 1950)
 1883 - Raimu, French actor (d. 1946)
 1884 - Emil Starkenstein, Czech clinical pharmacologist (d. 1942)
 1886 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player (d. 1961)
 1887 - Bhikhari Thakur, Indian actress, singer and playwright (d. 1971)
 1888 – Gladys Cooper, English actress (d. 1971)
 1888 - Robert Moses, American urban planner (d. 1981)
1890 - Edwin Howard Armstrong, American engineer (d. 1954)
 1897 - Fletcher Henderson, American pianist, bandleader and composer (d. 1952)
 1899 - Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian philosopher and writer (d. 1990)
1901  1950 
 1904 - George Stevens, American director (d. 1975)
 1907 - Lawrence Lucie, American guitarist (d. 2009)
 1907 - Christopher Fry, British writer and dramatist (d. 2005)
 1908 - Paul Siple, American geographer and explorer (d. 1969)
 1911 – Jules Dassin, American movie director (d. 2008)
 1912 - Givi Javakhishvili, 12th Prime Minister of Georgia (d. 1985)
 1912 - Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., American general (d. 2002)
 1913 – Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany (d. 1992)
 1916 – Betty Grable, American actress (d. 1973)
 1916 - Anselm Strauss, American sociologist (d. 1996)
 1917 - Ossie Davis, American actor and activist (d. 2005)
 1920 - Merlyn Rees, Welsh politician; d. 2006
 1921 - Yuri Nikulin, Russian actor (d. 1997)
 1922 - Larry D. Mann, Canadian-American actor (d. 2014)
 1922 - Esther Lederberg, American microbiologist (d. 2006)
 1923 - Lotti van der Gaag, Dutch sculptor and painter (d. 1999)
 1923 - Edwin Bramall, English army officer (d. 2019)
1924 - Orlando Ramón Agosti, Argentine general and politician (d. 1997)
 1927 – Roméo LeBlanc, 25th Governor General of Canada (d. 2009)
 1927 - Ramsey Clark, 66th United States Attorney General
 1928 - Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Indian-Pakistani Muslim leader (d. 2003)
 1929 - Józef Glemp, Polish cardinal (d. 2013)
 1929 - Bob Jane, Australian racing driver and entrepreneur; d. 2018
 1931 – Allen Klein, American music manager (d. 2009)
 1932 - Roger Smith, American actor
 1933 - Lonnie Brooks, American singer and guitarist (d. 2017)
 1934 - Marc Rich, Belgian-American businessman (d. 2013)
 1934 - Boris Volynov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut
 1934 - John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan (Lord Lucan), British aristocrat and murder suspect (not seen since 1974)
 1938 - Chas Chandler, English bass player and producer (The Animals) (d. 1996)
 1939 – Harold E. Varmus, American scientist
 1939 - Sandro Lopopolo, Italian boxer (d. 2014)
 1940 - Bram Morrison, Canadian singer and musician (Sharon, Lois & Bram)
1941 - Sam Andrews, American musician (d. 2015)
 1941 - Prince William of Gloucester, British nobleman (d. 1972)
 1943 – Keith Richards, English guitarist (Rolling Stones)
 1943 - Bobby Keys, American saxophonist (d. 2014)
 1946 – Steven Spielberg, American movie director
 1946 – Steve Biko, South African anti-Apartheid activist (d. 1977)
 1948 - Bill Nelson, English musician
 1949 – David A. Johnston, American volcanologist (d. 1980)
 1949 - Laurent Voulzy, French singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1950 - Gillian Armstrong, Australian director
 1950 – Sarath Fonseka, Sri Lankan military commander and politician
1951  1975 
 1951 – Volker Bouffier, German politician, Prime Minister of Hesse
 1951 - Alvin E. Roth, American economist
 1952 - Krystyna Janda, Polish actress
 1953 - David Chipperfield, English architect
 1954 - Ray Liotta, American actor
 1956 - Reinhold Ewald, German physicist and astronaut
 1956 - Ron White, American comedian and actor
 1957 - Jonathan Cainer, English astrologer (d. 2016)
 1958 - Geordie Walker, English guitarist
 1963 – Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi
 1963 – Charles Oakley, American basketball player
 1963 – Brad Pitt, American actor
 1964 - Robson Green, English actor
 1964 – Steve Austin, American professional wrestler
 1966 – Gianluca Pagliuca, Italian footballer
 1968 – Mario Basler, German footballer
 1968 - Rachel Griffiths, Australian actress
 1968 - Alejandro Sanz, Spanish singer
 1968 – Casper Van Dien, American actor
 1968 - Nina Wadia, English actress
 1969 – Santiago Cañizares, Spanish footballer
 1969 - Justin Edinburgh, English footballer and manager (d. 2019)
1970 - Rob Van Dam, American professional wrestler
 1970 - Bridie Carter, Australian actress
 1971 - Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spanish tennis player
 1972 - Daniel Andersson, Swedish footballer
 1973 - Lucy Worsley, English historian and television presenter
 1974 - Knut Schreiner, Norwegian singer, guitarist and producer
 1975 - Sia Furler, Australian singer
From 1976 
 1977 - Axwell, Swedish DJ and producer (Swedish House Mafia)
 1978 – Katie Holmes, American actress
 1979 – Mamady Sidibé, Malian footballer
 1980 - Julie Fleeting, Scottish footballer
 1980 – Christina Aguilera, American singer
 1980 - Neil Fingleton, English actor (d. 2017)
 1982 - Pontus Carlsson, Swedish chess player
 1982 - Craig Fallon, British judoka (d. 2019)
 1985 – Heidi Andreasen, Faroese swimmer
 1985 - Tara Conner, American model
 1985 - Natalie Gal, Russian-American model and actress
 1985 - Hana Soukupová, Czech model
 1986 - Usman Khawaja, Australian cricketer
 1987 – Ayaka, Japanese singer
 1987 – Miki Ando, Japanese figure skater
 1987 - Yuki Furukawa, Japanese actor
 1987 - Dan Lydiate, Welsh rugby player
 1988 - Lizzie Armitstead, British cyclist
 1988 - Brianne Theissen-Eaton, Canadian heptathlete
 1988 - Imad Wasim, Pakistani cricketer
 1989 - Ashley Benson, American actress
 1992 - Bridgit Mendler, American singer and actress
 1994 - Gerard Gumbau, Spanish footballer
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 821 – Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans
 1075 - Edith of Wessex (b. 1025)
 1133 - Hildebert, French poet and scholar (b. 1055)
 1290 – King Magnus I of Sweden (b. 1240)
 1495 – King Alphonso I of Naples (b. 1448)
 1591 - Marigje Arriens, Dutch woman accused of witchcraft (b. 1520)
 1737 – Antonio Stradivari, Italian violin maker
 1803 – Johann Gottfried Herder, German writer (b. 1744)
 1829 - Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier and biologist (b. 1744)
 1848 – Bernard Bolzano, Czech mathematician (b. 1781)
 1869 – Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)
 1880 - Michel Chasles, French mathematician (b. 1793)
 1892 - Richard Owen, English biologist (b. 1804)
1901  2000 
 1922 - Carl Meyer, 1st Baronet, German-English banker and businessman (b. 1851)
 1936 - Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, Spanish mathematician and inventor (b. 1852)
 1936 – Andrija Mohorovičić, Croatian seismologist (b. 1857)
 1954 - Pedro Luna, Chilean painter (b. 1896)
 1969 - Charles Dvorak, American athlete (b. 1878)
 1971 – Bobby Jones, American golfer (b. 1902)
 1971 – Diana Lynn, American actress (b. 1926)
 1974 – Harry Hooper, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1887)
 1980 – Alexei Kosygin, Soviet premier (b. 1904)
 1982 – Hans-Ulrich Rudel, highly decorated German pilot during World War II (b. 1916).
 1990 - Anne Revere, American actress (b. 1903)
 1990 – Paul Tortelier, French musician (b. 1914)
 1991 – George Abecassis, English race car driver (b. 1913)
 1992 – Mark Goodson, game show producer (b. 1915)
 1993 – Sam Wanamaker, American actor (b. 1919)
 1995 – Konrad Zuse, German engineer and computing pioneer (b. 1910)
 1997 – Chris Farley, American actor and comedian (b. 1964)
1998 – Lev Demin, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1926)
 1999 – Robert Bresson, French movie director (b. 1907)
 2000 – Kirsty MacColl, British musician (b. 1959)
From 2001 
 2001 – Gilbert Bécaud, singer (b. 1927)
 2002 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor General of Canada (b. 1934)
 2004 – Princess Takamatsu of Japan (b. 1911)
 2006 – Joseph Barbera, American animator (b. 1911)
 2006 - Ruth Bernhard, American photographer (b. 1905)
 2008 – Mark Felt, American Watergate agent, known as 'Deep Throat' (b. 1913)
 2010 – Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian banker and politician (b. 1940)
 2010 - Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist, writer and scholar (b. 1913)
 2011 – Václav Havel, Czech playwright, statesman and President of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic (b. 1936)
 2012 - Mustafa Ould Salek, President of Mauritania (b. 1936)
 2013 - Ronnie Biggs, British train robber (b. 1929)
 2014 - Virna Lisi, Italian actress (b. 1936)
 2014 - Mandy Rice-Davies, British model and media personality (b. 1944)
 2014 - Ingvar Kjellson, Swedish actor (b. 1923)
 2014 - Gideon Ben-Yisrael, Israeli politician (b. 1922)
 2014 - Larry Smith, American record producer (b. 1951)
2014 - Robert Simpson, American meteorologist (b. 1912)
 2015 - Helge Solum Larsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1969)
 2016 - Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and socialite (b. 1917)
 2017 - Janet Benshoof, American activist and lawyer (b. 1947)
 2017 - Jonghyun, South Korean singer-songwriter (b. 1990)
 2017 - Altero Matteoli, Italian politician (b. 1940)
 2017 - Arseny Roginsky, Russian dissident and historian (b. 1946)
 2018 - David C. H. Austin, British rose breeder (b. 1926)
 2018 - Alex Badeh, Nigerian politician and air force officer (b. 1957)
 2018 - Steve Daskewisz, American actor and stuntman (b. 1944)
 2018 - Tulsi Giri, Nepalese politician (b. 1926)
 2018 - Kazimierz Kutz, Polish film director and politician (b. 1929)
 2018 - Peter Masterson, American playwright (b. 1934)
 2018 - Robert Neild, British economist (b. 1924)
 2018 - Shinobu Sekine, Japanese judoka (b. 1943)
 2018 - Bill Slater, English footballer (b. 1927)
 2018 - Raimo Vartia, Finnish basketball player (b. 1937)
2019 - Claudine Auger, French actress (b. 1941)
 2019 - Alain Barrière, French pop singer (b. 1935)
 2019 - Herman Boone, American football coach (b. 1935)
 2019 - Zafar Chaudhry, Pakistani military officer (b. 1926)
 2019 - Geulah Cohen, Israeli politician (b. 1925)
 2019 - Leandro Despouy, Argentine politician and activist (b. 1947)
 2019 - Ibrahim Diarra, French rugby union player (b. 1983)
 2019 - Kenny Lynch, English singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1938)
 2019 - Abbey Simon, American pianist (b. 1920)
Observances 
 National Day of Qatar
 New Jersey Day
 Republic Day (Niger)
 International Migrants Day
 UN day of the Arabic language

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
780 BC – The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.
1039 – Henry III becomes King of Germany.
1615 – Forces under the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
1745 - Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick I of Prussia's army defeats the Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.
1760 – Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada taken from the Acadians.
1769 – A transit of Venus is followed five hours later by a total solar eclipse, the shortest such interval in the historical past.
1783 – In Annonay, France, the Montgolfier Brothers demonstrate their unmanned hot air balloon.
1792 – Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for Great Britain.
1794 – British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.
1802 - Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel I of Savoy.
1805 - The Ligurian Republic and the Duchy of Parma are merged into a part of the French Empire.
1812 – After Louisiana becomes a U.S. state, the territory previously known by that name was renamed the Missouri Territory.
1859 – Italian Independence wars: in the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeats an Austrian army.
1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.
1876 – An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City.
1878 – Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
1896 – Henry Ford test-drives the first automobile he designed – the Quadricycle (it was also the first automobile he ever drove).
1901  1950 
1912 - Massachusetts becomes the first U.S. state to introduce a minimum wage
1913 – Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of King George V of the United Kingdom's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby.  She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
1917 – The very first Pulitzer Prizes are given:  Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for a biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history (for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days).  Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism (for his work for the New York World).
1917 – The Order of the British Empire is introduced.
1919 – Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women,  and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
1920 – Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.
1924 – During a British expedition, Edward Felix Norton reaches the height of  above sea level (on Mount Everest), the highest point climbed by anyone until then, but because of it being evening, he is unable to go up to the summit.
1926 – Robert Earl Hughes sets current record for world's heaviest human.
1928 - President of the Republic of China, Chang Tso-Lin, is assassinated by Japanese agents.
1936 – Léon Blum becomes Prime Minister of France.
1939 – Holocaust: The SS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, United States, after already having been turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, most of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.
1940 – The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers is published.
1940 – World War II: Dunkirk evacuation ends;  British forces complete evacuation of 300,000 troops from Dunkirk in France.
1940 – The Destroyer War Badge for Kriegsmarine was instituted.
1942 – World War II: Reinhard Heydrich dies in Prague due to the assassination by Czechoslovak paratroopers (Operation Anthropoid).
1942 – World War II: Battle of Midway begins. Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island with much of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
1943 – Military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.
1944 – World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy capture the German submarine U-505, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
1944 – World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis powers capital to fall.
1946 - Juan Domingo Peron becomes President of Argentina.
From 1951 
1961 – Lake Bodom murders in Finland.
1967 - Stockport Air Disaster: British Midland Flight G-ALHG crashes in Hopes Carr, Stockport, England, killing 72 people.
1970 – Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom. Taufa'ahau Tupou IV is King, a position he had held since 1965 when Tonga was a British protectorate.
1973 – A patent for the automated teller machine (ATM) is granted to Don Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.
1974 – Baseball: The Cleveland Indians host "Ten Cent Beer Night", but have to forfeit the game to the  Texas Rangers due to drunken and unruly fans.
1979 - Flight lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana.
1986 – Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.
1988 – The Canadian Heraldic Authority is founded.
1989 – The Tiananmen Square protests are suppressed in Beijing and are covered live on television.
1989 – Solidarity's victory in the first partly free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe.
1989 – Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 645 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline.
1991 – Britain's Conservative government announces that some British regiments would disappear or be merged into others – the largest armed forces cuts in almost twenty years.
1998 – Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.
2000 – A magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Indonesia kills 103 people.
2001 – Gyanendra becomes King of Nepal, after the death of Dipendra of Nepal, who was King for three days after the Royal Massacre, in which he was injured.
2002 – The wall of the Zeyzoun reservoir in Syria breaks. The resulting flood kills 100 people.
2003 – U.S. lifestyle guru Martha Stewart and her broker are indicted for using privileged investment information and then obstructing a federal investigation.  Stewart also resigns as chairperson and chief executive officer of Martha Stewart Living.
2005 – First day of Einstein Symposium in Alexandria, Egypt.
2011 – The Puyehue Cordon Caulle volcanic structure in Chile erupts, sending an ash cloud over parts of South America and as far away as Oceania. Many flights are cancelled.
2015 - An explosion at a gasoline station in Accra, Ghana, kills over 200 people.
Up to 1900 
1394 – Philippa of England, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (died 1430)
1489 – Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (died 1544)
1604 – Claudia de' Medici, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (died 1648)
1694 - François Quesnay, French economist (died 1774)
1704 - Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (died 1776)
1738 – King George III of Great Britain (died 1820)
1744 – Patrick Ferguson, Scottish officer in the British Army, and rifle designer (died 1780)
1754 – Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, Austrian editor and astronomer (died 1832)
1809 – Columbus Delano, American politician (died 1896)
1821 - Apollon Maykov, Russian poet (died 1797)
1829 - Jinmaku Kyugoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (died 1903)
1860 - Alexis Lapointe, Canadian runner (died 1949)
1866 – Miina Sillanpaa, Finnish politician (died 1952)
1867 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Finnish general and President (died 1951)
1877 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German biochemist (died 1957)
1879 - Mabel Lucie Attwell, English writer and illustrator (died 1964)
1880 - Clara Blandick, American actress (died 1962)
1881 – Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter (died 1962)
1882 - Karl Valentin, German actor, comedian and singer (died 1948)
1885 - Arturo Rawson, 26th President of Argentina (died 1952)
1887 – Tom Longboat, Native Canadian marathon runner (died 1949)
1889 – Beno Gutenberg, German seismologist (died 1960)
1891 - Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (died 2002)
1893 - Armand Calinescu, Romanian politician (died 1939)
1894 - La Bolduc, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 1941)
1895 - Dino Grandi, Italian politician (died 1988)
1899 – Stringer Davis, English actor (died 1973)
1901  1950 
1903 - Yevgeny Mravinsky, Soviet-Russian conductor (died 1988)
1907 – Rosalind Russell, American actress (died 1976)
1908 - Alejandro Villanueva, Peruvian footballer (died 1944)
1910 – Christopher Cockerell, British engineer and inventor (died 1999)
1910 - Robert B. Anderson, American politician (died 1989)
1915 – Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (died 1977)
1916 – Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist (died 2009)
1916 – Fernand Leduc, Canadian painter (died 2014)
1920 - Russell B. Train, American actor (died 2012)
1924 – Dennis Weaver, American actor (died 2006)
1924 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Samoa (died 1999)
1925 - Antonio Puchades, Spanish footballer (died 2013)
1926 - Robert Earl Hughes, American former obesity record holder (died 1958)
1926 - Judith Malina, German-American actress, writer and director (died 2015)
1927 - Henning Carlsen, Danish director, producer and screenwriter (died 2014)
1927 – Geoffrey Palmer, British actor