Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Getty Foundation was originally called the "Getty Grant Program," which began in 1984 under the direction of Deborah Marrow. The J. Paul Getty Trust can spend up to 0.75% of its endowment on gifts and grants; by 1990 the Getty Grant Program (then based in Santa Monica) had made 530 grants totaling $20 million to "art historians, conservators and art museums in 18 countries". For example, a foundation grant funded the restoration of the Cosmati Pavement in the floor of Westminster Abbey. For many years, the foundation conducted the Getty Leadership Institute (GLI).  The major GLI program is the Museum Leadership Institute (MLI), formerly known as the Museum Management Institute, which "has served close to 1,000 museum professionals from the United States and 30 countries worldwide". However, effective on January 2, 2010, the GLI was transferred to the Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California and was renamed "The Getty Leadership Institute at Claremont Graduate University".
The Getty Research Institute (GRI), located at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California, is "dedicated to furthering knowledge and advancing understanding of the visual arts".  GRI maintains a research library, organizes exhibitions and other events, sponsors a residential scholars program, publishes books, and maintains electronic databases including a Semantic Web service. The GRI was originally called the "Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities", and was conceived as early as 1983. Among other holdings, GRI's research library contains about 900,000 volumes of books, periodicals, and auction catalogs; special collections; and two million photographs of art and architecture. The library also includes the trust's "Institutional Archives" which document the activities of the trust's various programs.
The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) is headquartered at the Getty Center but also has facilities at the Getty Villa, and commenced operation in 1985. The GCI is a private international research institution dedicated to advancing conservation practice through the creation and delivery of knowledge. It "serves the conservation community through scientific research, education and training, model field projects, and the dissemination of the results of both its own work and the work of others in the field" and "adheres to the principles that guide the work of the Getty Trust: service, philanthropy, teaching, and access". GCI has activities in both art conservation and architectural conservation. GCI scientists study the deterioration of objects and buildings, and how to prevent or stop such deterioration
. GCI has also been involved with long-term education programs, such as establishing a Master's degree program in Archaeological and Ethnographic Conservation in collaboration with the University of California, Los Angeles.
Governance
The Getty Trust Indenture dated December 2, 1953 made a California charitable trust for "the diffusion of artistic and general knowledge." The trust is governed by a 13-member board of trustees. Trustees are elected to serve four-year terms, with a maximum limit of three terms. The board is self-perpetuating with the board electing or re-electing the trustees. The board holds an annual meeting in May or June of each year. Although the board conducts most of its work through committees, a number of important decisions are reserved for the entire board including approval of any art acquisition costing more than $1 million.

On October 2, 2006, the California Attorney General issued a report following an investigation of the trust and its operations. At the close of the investigation an independent monitor was hired to assure proper governance and expenditures of the trust. On May 7, 2008, the Attorney General closed the monitoring process.
The trust was hurt by the economic downturn following 2007 and has reduced its annual budget by 14%. In 2007, the trust had $6.4 billion in endowment, but this amount dropped to $4.5 billion in 2009. In 2009, the trust had $300 million in expenses down from $349 million in 2008. For example, GRI co-produced the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals with the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, but transferred that activity to Columbia University on July 1, 2009.

References

Other websites 
 
 Hoovers Online Article
 Records and archives administrative records, 1980–1990 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. The records reflect the early development of the records management and archives policies and practices for the emerging J. Paul Getty Trust.
 Press relations records, 1954–2007 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. The records comprise press releases and press clippings issued by and about the J. Paul Getty Trust and J. Paul Getty Museum, 1954–2007.
Georgetown is a neighborhood in Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River. Georgetown started as a separate city in 1751 before the area became the District of Columbia. Georgetown stayed a separate city until 1871, when the United States Congress took away its charter. Another law in 1895 canceled Georgetown's laws and renamed the streets to match those in the city of Washington. Today, stores, bars and restaurants in Georgetown are on M Street and Wisconsin Avenue. Georgetown has the main campus of Georgetown University. The embassies of France, Mongolia, Sweden, Thailand, and Ukraine are in Georgetown.

Geography
Historic landmarks
Georgetown has many historic landmarks including:
 Canal Square Building, 1054 31st Street, NW, former home of the Tabulating Machine Company, a direct precursor of IBM
 The City Tavern Club, built in 1796, is the oldest commercial structure in Washington, D.C.
 The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, begun in 1829.
 Dumbarton Oaks, 3101 R Street, NW, former home of John C. Calhoun, U.S. vice president, where the United Nations charter was outlined in 1944.
 Evermay, built in 1801 and restored by F. Lammot Belin
 The Forrest-Marbury House, 3350 M Street, NW, where George Washington met with local landowners to acquire the District of Columbia. Currently the Embassy of the Ukraine.
 Georgetown Lutheran Church was the first church in Georgetown, dates back to 1769.  The current church structure, the fourth on the site, was built in 1914.
Georgetown Presbyterian Church was established in 1780 by Reverend Stephen Bloomer Balch.  Formerly on Bridge Street (M Street), the current church building was constructed in 1881 on P Street.
 Healy Hall on Georgetown's campus, built in Flemish Romanesque style from 1877 to 1879 was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987.
 Mount Zion United Methodist Church and Mount Zion Cemetery
 The Oak Hill Cemetery, a gift of William Wilson Corcoran whose Gothic Revival chapel and gates were designed by James Renwick, is the resting place of Abraham Lincoln's son Willie and other figures.
 The Old Stone House, built in 1765, on M Street is the oldest original structure in Washington, D.C.
 Tudor Place and Dumbarton Court
References

 
 
 
 
 Weiss, Eric M., "Public Works - Oldest Bridge Reopens", Washington Post, Thursday, May 17, 2007, page B-5.

Other websites 

 Citizens Association of Georgetown, community association
 GeorgetownDC.com, by the Georgetown Business Improvement District
 The Georgetown Current, community newspaper
 The Georgetowner, community magazine

Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.
1751 establishments
1750s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
Brentwood is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C.. It is named after the Brentwood Mansion built at Florida Avenue and 6th Street NE in 1817 by Robert Brent, the first mayor of Washington City. He built it as a wedding present for his daughter Eleanor and Congressman Joseph Pearson. Brent gave them both the mansion and a large farm surrounding it. Congressman Pearson also purchased additional properties and expanded the estate further. The property then known as Brentwood was larger than the present (2007) neighborhood known as Brentwood. Images of the mansion may be found in the book "Capital Losses: A Cultural History of Washington's Destroyed Buildings" by James W. Goode, and in several books in the collection of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. Edward Sisson, a descendant of the family that owned the mansion throughout its existence, has posted a collection of paintings, drawings, photos, and histories of the mansion on-line.  The Frick Art Reference Library (http://www.frick
.frick.org/) has drawings, paintings, and perhaps photographs (although none appear to be accessible on-line as of late 2007). On the web, a small drawing of the mansion, together with a brief description of its owners in 1873, Capt. & Mrs. Carlile Pollock Patterson, may be found in "Washington Outside and Inside" by George Alfred Townsend, at page 620, searchable as a "google book."
Many people think that Benjamin Latrobe (who designed the United States Capitol) designed Brentwood Mansion. However, at the time of the house's design, Latrobe was suffering family troubles and his records for this period are poor.

During the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877), Brentwood Mansion was a center of Washington social life, with many parties hosted by Elizabeth (Eliza) Worthington Patterson (daughter of Joseph Pearson and his third wife Catherine Worthington Pearson) and her husband Carlile Pollock Patterson. Patterson had known Grant since 1852; Patterson's brother-in-law David Dixon Porter, married to Patterson's sister George Ann, was the highest-ranking Admiral in the US Navy; and Patterson's brother Thomas H. Patterson was commander of the Washington Navy Yard (1873-1876) before becoming the Rear Admiral in command of the Asiatic Squadron (1877-1880). Patterson Street, N.E., which is adjacent to the property, was probably named for the Patterson family.
C.P. Patterson, a Naval officer and ship captain turned scientist and administrator of a government department, had neither the interest nor the aptitude to manage the transformation of a large rural farming and forest property into an urbanized part of the city growing around it. After C.P. Patterson's death in 1881, long-delayed financial problems came to a head, and on June 6, 1884, three years after Patterson's death, Congress enacted a private bill, House bill No. 4689, entitled "An act for the relief of Eliza W. Patterson," C.P. Patterson's widow, excusing accumulated District of Columbia property taxes on the Patterson land. President Chester A. Arthur neither signed nor vetoed the bill, but held it ten days and allowed it to become law without his signature
. In a message dated June 21, 1884, the President explained "I do not question the constitutional right of Congress to pass a law relieving the family of an officer, in view of the services he had rendered his country, from the burdens of taxation, but I submit to Congress that this just gift of the nation to the family of such faithful officer should come from the National Treasury rather than from that of this District, and I therefore recommend that an appropriation be made to reimburse the District for the amount of taxes which would have been due to it had this act not become a law."
After five more years confusion, in March 1889, Patterson's son-in-law, Lt. Francis Winslow (II) USN (oldest brother of future Rear Admiral Cameron Winslow), after 19 years of Naval service during the slow-promotion post-war years, resigned from the Navy to devote himself to subdividing, renting, developing, and selling portions of the property. He was successful. A portion of this property later became the subject of a lawsuit that reached the United States Supreme Court, Francis Winslow v. Baltimore & Ohio RR Co., 188 U.S. 646 (1903), which includes excerpts of the will by which Mrs. Patterson came into the property on the death of her mother, Catherine Worthington Pearson, in 1868. The suit, which the Patterson/Winslow family won, involved renewal of a lease of some of the land to a railroad. (Winslow (II) also developed an expertise in oysters, having led government surveys in the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s
. A "google" search on "Francis Winslow" and "oyster" returns dozens of "hits," referring to the Francis Winslow who managed the Brentwood property. His work is still cited today (2007) as authoritative and accurate. See: http://www.ocracokepreservation.org/id39.html . Winslow was also a leader of US government survey expeditions in Nicaragua, studying potential routes for a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific.).
Brentwood neighborhood as it is today (whose boundaries are somewhat different than the original Brent property, as increased by Pearson) is trapezoidal in its geography. It is bounded by New York Avenue to the south, Montana Avenue to the east, Rhode Island Avenue NE to the north, and the tracks of the Washington Metro's Red Line and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor to the west. It is serviced by the Rhode Island Ave-Brentwood Metro station. Politically, Brentwood is in Ward 5.

Brentwood has the main post office for Washington, D.C. It was the postal mail sorting facility through which anthrax-contaminated mail addressed to two members of the U.S. Senate passed in the 2001 anthrax attacks. The Post Office is now named after Joseph Curseen Jr. and Thomas Morris Jr., who were postal workers who died after exposure to the anthrax in the incident. The 633,000 square foot facility was closed October 21, 2001, because of anthrax contamination and did not reopen until December 21, 2003.
The area also is the site of a major rapid transit rail maintenance facility of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transportation Authority (WMATA), the principal public transit operator in metropolitan Washington, D.C.  It is served by the New York Avenue Metrorail station.

References

Other websites 
 Metrorail's Brentwood Yard 

Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.
Leon Allen White (May 14, 1955 – June 18, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was better known by the ring name, Big Van Vader.
WWF 
In 1996, Vader was hired by World Wrestling Federation, Vader appeared at WrestleMania XII, in a fight between six  Vader, Owen Hart, British Bulldog vs Yokozuna, Ahmed Johnson and Jake Roberts. Vader's team won the match. Vader faced the champion of the WWF Shawn Michaels at SummerSlam in 1996, and then faced The Undertaker in the Royal Rumble.

1998 to 2012 
In 1998 Vader returned to Japan in All Japan Pro Wrestling, then went to the Pro Wrestling Noah between 2000 and 2002 before being hired by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Vader turned to work for the WWE in 2003 performing in several episodes of Raw where he retired from the wrestling in 2012.

Health and death
In 2016, Vader was diagnosed with congestive heart failure following a car crash. White went in for heart surgery on March 12, 2018 followed by another in May to treat an arrhythmia. 

On June 18 2018, after being hospitalized in Boulder, Colorado for a month with pneumonia, Vader died at 63 years old.

References
References 

 The Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame: The Heels Escrito por Greg Oliver,Steven Johnson

Other websites 
Vader at YouTube
WWE Alumni profile
BigVanVader.com (fan site)

1955 births
2018 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
WWE Hall of Fame
Sportspeople from California
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Holocephali ("complete heads") is a subclass of cartilaginous fish, of which the order Chimaeriformes is the only surviving group. 

Holocephali have a long fossil record that starts during the Devonian period. However, most fossils are teeth, and the body forms of numerous species are not known, or, at best, poorly understood. Sequence analysis on living chimaera suggests the whole group originated  420 million years ago in the Silurian period.

References 

Cartilaginous fish
The Getty Villa in Pacific Palisades, California, USA, is one of two locations of the J. Paul Getty Museum. The Getty Villa is an educational center and museum that covers the arts and cultures of Ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria. The collection has 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities dating from 6,500 BC to 400 AD. The UCLA/Getty Master’s Program in Archaeological and Ethnographic Conservation is here. The online GettyGuide as well as through audio tours tell about the items owned by the museum.

Collection
Collection

The collection has 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities dating from 6,500 BC to 400 AD.  Among the outstanding items is Victorious Youth, one of few life-size Greek bronze statues to have survived to modern times. The Lansdowne Heracles is a Roman sculpture that was probably copied from an older Greek statue. The Villa also has jewelry and coin collections. The Villa's library has  20,000 books covering art from these periods.  The Villa also displays the 'Getty kouros', which the museum lists as "Greek, about 530 B.C., or modern forgery" because scientific analysis is inconclusive as to whether the marble statue can be dated back to Greek times. If genuine, the Getty kouros is one of only twelve remaining intact kouroi. The Marbury Hall Zeus is a  tall marble statue that was recovered from the ruins at Tivoli near Rome.
GettyGuide
The "GettyGuide" has detailed information about the items owned by the museum. This is available both at the Museum, at various points known as "GettyGuide stations", and externally on its website.

Photographs

References

Further reading

Other websites 

 J. Paul Getty Trust official website
 A four-part documentary about the villa and its Roman model, the Villa of the Papyri
 Photos from the Getty Villa
 flickr.com photos tagged with "Getty Villa"

Buildings and structures in Los Angeles
Museums in California
Villa
1954 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in California
, also spelled Minami Sanriku, is a resort town on the Pacific Coast of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The town has an area of , and as of October 1, 2004 the population of the area was 19,170.  The town was created on October 1, 2005, when the towns of Shizugawa and Utatsu merged to form the new town of Minamisanriku.

Minamisanriku was largely destroyed by the Japanese 2011 tsunami, with most buildings swept away by waves of  or more. Over half the town's population is missing and almost certainly dead.

2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster

95 percent of the town was destroyed by the 2011 Japanese tsunami that followed the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake. Only the tallest buildings remain and an estimated 9,500 people are missing, roughly half the population. 9,700 people are confirmed alive and evacuated.
The town had two evacuation centres where residents could go to escape from a tsunami. One was on the southern headland overlooking the town. The other was inland away from the center of the town. Although both were 20 meters above sea level, the tsunami covered them and washed people away. At least 31 of the town's 80 designated evacuation sites were inundated by the tsunami.

One early report suggests that many residents may have evacuated to the nearby city of Tome, Miyagi. According to an English teacher at the local high school located on a hill above the tsunami, "The entire town was simply swept away. It just no longer exists. There were around 7,000 of us on the hill that day. Perhaps a few thousand at the school on the hill opposite. But there are 17,000 in the town. All the others have gone." Since the schools were all on high ground, many children were orphaned. Survivors wrote "SOS" in white lettering, in the playing field of Shizugawa High school.
When the earthquake struck, the mayor of the town, Jin Sato (佐藤仁), was talking at the town assembly. They were discussing the much smaller tsunami caused by the March 9 foreshock before the March 11 earthquake. The three-story building of the town's  was covered by the tsunami. Out of the 130 people who worked at the town hall, Sato was one of only 30 who reached the roof. He was one of only 10 who survived. He returned to government affairs, founding the headquarters for disaster control at the Bayside Arena on March 13, 2011.

Shizugawa hospital was one of the few major buildings that survived the tsunami. However, it was partly flooded, and 74 out of 109 patients died. Close to 200 people were rescued from the roof of the building.
International response
The town is the site of the first field hospital established by an outside nation offering assistance following the disaster. A team of five doctors from Israel set up a surgery. A 53 member group of medical personnel from the Home Front Command and the IDF’s Medical Corps opened a field hospital near Minamisanriku on March 29. The clinic included surgical, pediatrics and maternity wards, and an intensive care unit, pharmacy and laboratory along with 62 tons of medical supplies. The clinic began treating patients immediately.

On April 23, 2011, the Prime Minister of Australia Julia Gillard visited Minami Sanriku.
1960 tsunami
The Great Chilean Earthquake of 1960 caused a tsunami that crossed the Pacific Ocean and struck the then town of Shizugawa. That tsunami was as high as , At that time, the damage was considered extensive.  As a result, two-storey-high harbor walls were built by 1963, and residents held tsunami drills each year on the anniversary.  The harbor walls were ineffective in the 2011 tsunami, which washed over four-storey buildings.

To mark the 30th anniversary in 1990, a bilingual Spanish-Japanese plaque was installed, with a message from President Patricio Aylwin of Chile, accompanied by a replica moai statue.  The plaque survived the 2011 tsunami.

The 2010 Chile earthquake caused a  tsunami in Minamisanriku.

Transportation

The Kesennuma Line includes the following stops: Rikuzen-Togura, Shizugawa, Shizuhama, Utatsu, and Rikuzen-Minato.  Major roads include Route 45 and Route 398.

Related pages
 Kesennuma
 Minamisōma
 Rikuzentakata

References

Other websites

 Official website
Videos
 Video showing aerial view, before and after: 
 Video of tsunami, shot from Shizugawa High School (志津川高校):  
 Another video from a similar vantage point as above, showing a wider-angle view of some parts: 
 Video of tsunami, shot from Shizugawa Junior High School (志津川中学校):  
 video shot from a train (facing east) in 2009, stopping at Shizugawa Station and then proceeding to Rikuzen-Togura Station on the Kesennuma Line. Satellite photos (e.g., in Google Maps) and aftermath videos show that virtually every building visible (except the very largest white buildings in the background) in the first three minutes, and in the final minute, were washed away in the 2011 tsunami, as well as the train track and infrastructure and both stations; buildings and track in the middle part were undamaged. 
 The same train trip in the opposite direction, in 2010: 
 Tsunami aftermath videos (driving around in the town): #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11
video shot inside Shizugawa Hospital, showing tsunami damage reaching as high as the fourth floor: 
 News Video of Tsunami Destroying Minamisanriku  The Telegraph, UK news outlet
 Video of Tsunami Aftermath in Minamisanriku "Some Kind of Armageddon", Channel 4 News, UK
Towns in Japan
Settlements in Miyagi Prefecture
2005 establishments in Japan
Yi Ui-bang (, ? - 1174) was a Korean Goryeo dynasty soldier and politician. He was the father-in-law of King Gangjong and grandfather of King Gojong.

Life 
In 1170 Yi joined the Goryeo warrior rebellion. In 1174, he was murdered by Jeong Kyun.

His younger brother Yi In was the ancestor of Yi Seonggye, the founder of the Joseon dynasty.

Other websites 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=127558
 http://people.aks.ac.kr/front/tabCon/ppl/pplView.aks?pplId=PPL_5COb_A9999_1_0010319
 http://www.sanzoa.net/lee/gosa_13.htm 
 리인 - 전주이씨 

Year of birth unknown
1174 deaths
Korean military people
Korean politicians
Ivy City is a small neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is primarily an industrial neighborhood. It is dominated by warehouses and the Ivy City Yard, a railroad coach yard and maintenance facility for Amtrak. The area has undergone some renewal. But Ivy City still remains among the poorest parts of the city.

Geography
Ivy City is bounded by New York Avenue to the northwest, West Virginia Avenue to the east, and Mt. Olivet Road to the south. The neighborhood is  surrounded on all sides by significant landmarks: Gallaudet University (across Mt. Olivet Rd.), Mt. Olivet Cemetery (across West Virginia Ave.), and Amtrak's Ivy City yard (across New York Ave.).

Politically, Ivy City is in Ward 5.
History
In 1831, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) received approval of a plan to build its Washington Branch. Passenger train service between Baltimore and Washington began in 1835. As part of the construction, the railroad company built its last roundhouse (the current Amtrak yard) one mile outside the city limit. The railroad then worked with land speculators to develop the tract immediately next to the roundhouse as Ivy City. Ivy City became an early Washington suburb. It housed railroad employees and give a formal mailing address to the roundhouse.

Ivy City became part of the city of Washington with the passage of the Organic Act of 1878, which extended the city to occupy all of the District of Columbia.
Over the years, railroads were one of the few industries to consistently give jobs to African Americans. Ivy City became an increasingly black section of town. In 1911, while Washington DC had separate schools for black and white students, the neighborhood's first colored school, Alexander Crummell Elementary School, opened in Ivy City. The school quickly became a symbol of civic pride in the neighborhood and a major community anchor.

The economic status of Ivy City went up and down with the economic success of the railroads. After World War II, U.S. rail travel suffered terrible declines due to the rise of the commercial airline industry and the Interstate Highway System. In 1963, B&O was bought by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad; the two were combined in the Chessie System in 1973. Three years after that, the Ivy City yard was acquired by the newly created Amtrak, which leased it to commuter rail services.
Amtrak gave some stability to the industrial tenor of the neighborhood. But Ivy City had suffered a lot from the railroad industry's decades-long downturn. Even after Amtrak took over the train yard, Washington entered a period of poor city management and economic blight. This was hard on low-income neighborhoods. Those who could afford to leave Ivy City did; its population decreased by a third in the 1990s.

Ivy City remains home to many of the poorest residents of the District. It is largely occupied by old warehouses, abandoned and decrepit homes, and large expanses of parking lots, and crime. By mid-2005, the city's recent trend toward gentrification had only just begun to reach some parts of Ivy City. Only 20 percent of Ivy City residents own their own homes. In 2011, Habitat for Humanity built or rennovated 23 houses in Ivy City.

Government and infrastructure
Amtrak maintains some offices in Ivy City.

References
References

Other websites
Photos of Ivy City Yard  - Amtrak Historical Society
Area Map of Ivy City Yard, Union Station and approach tracks 

Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.
Left-wing fascism (or  left fascism) is when left-wing politics emulate and practice the traditional ideology of standardised fascism on the far-left side of the political spectrum. Fascism has traditionally been identified as being part of far-left politics. The existence of left-wing fascism was discussed shortly after World War II where many Social-Nationalist groups across Europe were identified as having left-wing ideals, some in direct opposition to right-wing groups.
Left-wing fascism has been long discussed academically and written about by researchers like Jürgen Habermas, Irving Louis Horowitz, and Victor Klemperer.

References

Related pages 
 Authoritarianism
 Horseshoe theory
 Stalinism
 Totalitarianism

Other websites 
 
 좌파 파시즘 

Forms of government
Fascism
Gacy is a 2003 American biographical crime drama movie directed by Clive Saunders and written by Saunders and David Birke. The movie is based on the life of John Wayne Gacy, an American rapist and serial killer in Illinois. The movie was rated "R" by the Motion Picture Association of America, and stars Mark Holton as John Wayne Gacy.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2003 crime drama movies
2003 horror movies
2000s LGBT movies
2000s American biographical movies
American crime drama movies
American horror movies
American LGBT movies
American serial killer movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
2000s English-language movies
LGBT drama movies
Movies set in Illinois
Movies set in the 1970s
American independent movies
Dear Mr. Gacy is a 2010 Canadian crime drama movie thriller directed by Svetozar Ristovski. The movie stars William Forsythe as American serial killer John Wayne Gacy. It is based on a book by Jason Moss, The Last Victim. The movie was rated "R" by the Motion Picture Association of America.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2010s biographical movies
2010 crime drama movies
2010 drama thriller movies
2010s serial killer movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction

Canadian crime movies
Canadian drama movies
Canadian thriller movies
Movies based on books
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in Illinois
Serial killer movies
Grants 
The Foundation was originally called the "Getty Grant Program." That program began in 1984 under the direction of Deborah Marrow. The J. Paul Getty Trust can spend up to 0.75% of its endowment on gifts and grants; by 1990 the Getty Grant Program (then based in Santa Monica) had made 530 grants totaling $20 million to "art historians, conservators and art museums in 18 countries". Among notable grants of the Program were grants to partially fund the publication of books, for example to "provide for additional illustrations or allow a book's purchase price to be lowered". Some books "published with the assistance of the Getty Grant Program" were:
As of June 2008, the Foundation has four priorities for grants:
 "Strengthening art history as a global discipline"
 "Promoting the interdisciplinary practice of conservation"
 "Increasing access to museum and archival collections"
 "Developing current and future professionals and leaders"

In the summer of 2011, the foundation is funding Multicultural Undergraduate Internships at 70 Los Angeles-area museums and visual arts organizations. The internships seek to attract into museum and visual arts organizations students from historically underrepresented groups: people of African American, Asian, Latino/Hispanic, Native American, and Pacific Islander descent.
Getty Leadership Institute at Claremont Graduate University
The Foundation also sponsors the Getty Leadership Institute (GLI).  The major GLI program is the Museum Leadership Institute (MLI). The MLI was formerly known as the Museum Management Institute. It "has served close to 1,000 museum professionals from the United States and 30 countries worldwide".  It offers a three-week curriculum for "museum directors and senior executive team members", with instruction in areas such as "strategy, marketing, management and finance". Most of the attendees work in art museums; among the executives who attended the MLI were the directors of the Frick Collection, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Van Gogh Museum, and Winnipeg Art Gallery.
In addition to the MLI, GLI offers other professional development programs, convenes meetings involving non-profit agencies, and hosts an online forum. The GLI began in 1979 with a headquarters in New York City and classes taught at the University of California Berkeley. From 1999 to 2009, the program was headquartered at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California. In 2004, classes moved from Berkeley to the Getty Center.  In 2010, the GLI affiliated with Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California and was renamed The Getty Leadership Institute at Claremont Graduate University. After the transfer, the foundation supports the GLI with a three-year, $2.2 million grant, but the program is headquartered on the Claremont campus. Claremont is paying for GLI's indirect costs. Although the transfer took effect on January 2, 2010, the 2010 MLI was held at the Getty Center. The 2011 MLI will be held on the Claremont campus.
Senior staff 
The Foundation's senior staff includes:
 Joan Weinstein, Interim Director
 Associate Director, Grants Administration: Rebecca Martin
 Program Officer: Angie Kim
 Senior Program Officer: Nancy Micklewright
 Program Officer: Antoine M. Wilmering
 Head, Leadership Institute: Philip M. Nowlen
 Principal Project Specialist: Kathleen Johnson
Deborah Marrow, who was Foundation Director, now serves as interim president and CEO of the J. Paul Getty Trust.

Employees and budget
During the period July 2006 - June 2007, the Foundation had approximately 30 full-time and part-time employees, and a budget of $27.8 million.

Foundation with similar name
The Getty Foundation should not be confused with the "Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation," which is based in San Francisco, California, and which awards grants largely "to promote the fields of music, the opera, and the symphony".

References
References

Other websites 
 Getty Foundation official site
 Getty Leadership Institute official site
 Reports submitted to the Getty Foundation by recipients of conservation grants, 1985-2009 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. The records consist entirely of final and annual progress reports made up of correspondence, reports, surveys, architectural drawings, publications, specifications, print and slide photographic documentation, CD-ROMs, video, and floppy diskettes, dating 1985-2009, submitted to the Getty Grant Program or Getty Foundation by recipients of conservation grants for the purpose of documenting the progress and results of their grant-funded projects.

J. Paul Getty Trust
1984 establishments in California
The Getty Research Institute (GRI), at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California, is "dedicated to furthering knowledge and advancing understanding of the visual arts". It is a program of the J. Paul Getty Trust.  GRI maintains a research library, organizes exhibitions and other events, sponsors a residential scholars program, publishes books, and produces electronic databases.

History

The GRI was originally called the "Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities", and was first discussed in 1983. Located in Santa Monica, its first director (beginning in 1985) was Kurt W. Forster.  GRI's library had 30,000 volumes in 1983, but grew to 450,000 volumes by 1986.
In a statement upon his departure in 1992, Forster summarized his tenure as "Beginning with the rudiments of a small museum library... the center grew... to become one of the nation's preeminent research centers for arts and culture...". In 1994, Salvatore Settis, a professor of the history of classical art and archeology in Italy, became the director of the Center.  By 1996, the Center's name had been changed to "Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities", and by 1999 it was known simply as "Getty Research Institute".
One GRI's special projects was "L.A. as Subject: The Transformative Culture of Los Angeles Communities" conducted between 1995 and 1999, whose purposes included "enhanc[ing] existing resources and develop new resources that support new research scholarship on LA and also encourag[ing] the preservation, conservation, and display of local material culture".  GRI worked with other local organizations to publish Cultural Inheritance/L.A.: A Resource Directory of Less Visible Archives and Collections in the Los Angeles Region in 1999. In 2000, the "L.A. as Subject" project was transferred to the University of Southern California. That school continues to update and expand an online version of the resource directory.

The Getty Information Institute (formerly the Art History Information Program, established in 1983) was dissolved in 1999 as a "result of a change of leadership at the Getty Trust". GRI absorbed "many of its functions".
In 2000, Thomas E. Crow was hired as GRI director to replace Settis who had resigned in 1999. Crow announced in October 2006 that he would be leaving for New York University.  Since November 2007 Thomas W. Gaehtgens has been GRI's director; he was previously (1985–1986) a visiting scholar with the Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities.

Programs

Library

Among other holdings, GRI's research library owns about 900,000 volumes of books, periodicals, and auction catalogs; special collections; and two million photographs of art and architecture. The library is at the Getty Center. It does not loan its items to be taken out of the library. However, any visitor can come to the library to use items there.
Exhibitions and other events
GRI holds three public art shows (exhibitions) per year in its gallery which "focus primarily on the special collections of the Research Library or on work produced by artists in residence".  For example, in 2005–2006 GRI held an exhibition entitled "Julius Shulman, Modernity and the Metropolis". The exhibition traveled to the National Building Museum and to the Art Institute of Chicago.

In addition to exhibitions, GRI has lectures (open to the public), colloquia (most open to the public), workshops (by invitation only), and screenings of films and videos (open to the public).
Residential scholars program
The GRI hires people who work at other art museums and colleges to work for a year at GRI. After the year is over, the people go back to their old jobs.  The goal is to help spread ideas between people who work for different art museums. The residential scholars program seeks to "integrate the often isolated territory of art history into the wider sphere of the humanities".  The first class of scholars arrived in 1985–1986; they had their salaries paid for and their housing provided but were under "absolutely no obligation to produce". Among the notable scholars was German writer Christa Wolf in 1993–1994, who wrote the novel Medea: a modern retelling during her year at GRI.
Each year the scholars are invited to work on projects related to an annual theme.  In 2008–2009, the theme for the Getty Center was "Networks and Boundaries" and for the Getty Villa "The Power and Function of Ancient Images". The lengths of stay vary: Getty scholars are in residence for three, six or nine months, visiting scholars for one to three months, and predoctoral and postdoctoral fellows for a nine month academic year. In 2011-12, the theme is "Artistic Practice".

Publications
GRI publishes "Series Imprints" books in the categories of "Issues and Debates", "Texts & Documents", "Introduction To" (on "cultural heritage information in electronic form"), and "ReSources" (on the library's special collections).  In addition, GRI publishes exhibition catalogs and other materials in hardcopy form.
This is a list of some of the books published by GRI, by the Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities, by the Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, by the Getty Information Institute, or by the Art History Information Program:
 Bakewell, Elizabeth, et al. Object, image, inquiry: the art historian at work: report on a collaborative study by the Getty Art History Information Program (AHIP) and the Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship (IRIS), Brown University. Santa Monica, CA: AHIP, 1988. 
 Gaehtgens, Thomas W., and Heinz Ickstadt. American icons: transatlantic perspectives on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American art. Santa Monica, CA: Getty Center for the History of Art and Humanities, 1992. 
 Necipoglu, Gülru, and Mohammad Al-Asad. The Topkapi scroll: geometry and ornament in Islamic architecture: Topkapi Palace Museum Library MS H. 1956. Santa Monica, CA: Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1995.
Roth, Michael S., Claire L. Lyons, and Charles Merewether. Irresistible decay: ruins reclaimed. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1997. 
 Baca, Murtha. Introduction to metadata: pathways to digital information. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Information Institute, 1998. 
 Warburg, Aby. The renewal of pagan antiquity: contributions to the cultural history of the European Renaissance. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1999. 
 Paul, Carole, and Alberta Campitelli. Making a prince's museum: drawings for the late-eighteenth-century redecoration of the Villa Borghese. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2000. 
 Phillips, Glenn, and Thomas E. Crow. Seeing Rothko. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2005. 
 Reed, Marcia, and Paola Demattè. China on paper: European and Chinese works from the late sixteenth to the early nineteenth century. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2007.
Electronic databases
GRI continues to produce some of the electronic databases from the former Getty Information Institute. They are:
 Getty Vocabulary Program databases (Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), and Union List of Artist Names (ULAN))
 Bibliography of the History of Art

In 2006, GRI and the OCLC Online Computer Library Center announced that the Getty Vocabularies (Art & Architecture Thesaurus, Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names, and Union List of Artist Names) will be available as a Web service.

Until July 1, 2009, the Getty Information Institute and later GRI co-produced the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals with the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library. On that date, GRI transferred the database back to Columbia University, which continues to maintain it.
Senior staff
GRI's senior staff includes:
 Thomas W. Gaehtgens, Director
 Andrew Perchuk, Deputy Director
 Gail Feigenbaum, Associate Director
 David Farneth, Assistant Director
 Kathleen Salomon, Assistant Director
 Marcia Reed, Chief Curator

Employees and budget
During the period July 2006 – June 2007, GRI had approximately 200 full-time and part-time employees. Its budget was $63.7 million.

References
Other websites 
 Interviews with art historians, 1991-2002 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. Transcripts, audio cassette tapes, and computer disks record interviews with contemporary art historians, archaeologists, bibliographers, and selected key individuals from the J. Paul Getty Trust.
 Steve Lanzarotta records, 1983-2001 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. These records were created and maintained by Steve Lanzarotta during his employment with the Getty Research Institute (GRI) and its predecessors, the Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities and the Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities (GCHAH).
Letters and papers of British artists, 1774-1964 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. The collection, assembled by the repository, comprises 1360 items, mostly letters signed by 507 British painters, illustrators, printmakers, draughtsmen, and sculptors. The collection includes circa 40 illustrated letters, as well as sketches, press clippings, manuscripts, and reproductions of art works. Most items date from the late 19th century.
 Letters of British Architects, 1793-1921 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. The collection includes 80 letters, 3 prints and 1 seat diagram for the 1907 RIBA annual dinner. The letters were written by 34 British architects between 1793 and 1921, most of them from the second half of the 19th century.
Letters of British art patrons, collectors, and dealers, 1821-1921 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. The collection comprises 66 letters written by 47 persons between May 1821 and June 1921. Most letters date to the 19th century, with only a few items from the first quarter of the 20th century.
 Letters of British authors, 1770-1915 The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. The collection comprises 150 letters sent by 73 persons. The letters are dated from 1770 to 1915, with the bulk from the 1840s to the 1890s. Three letters are dated from 1770, 1791 and 1798, and 24 are from the first quarter of the 20th century.
J. Paul Getty Trust
Museums in California
1985 establishments in California
Wyomia Tyus (pronunciation: why-o-ma; born August 29, 1945 in Griffin, Georgia, United States) is an American athlete. She was the first person to win and keep the Olympic title in the 100 m. She participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics at age 19. In the heats of the event, she equalled Wilma Rudolph's World Record. She was in a good position for the final. Her main rival was another American, Edith McGuire. Tyus won the final, beating McGuire by two tenths of a second. At the same Olympics, she also won a silver medal with the 4 x 100 m relay team.
Tyus continued to compete and won national championships in sprint events and a gold medal in the 200 m at the Pan-American Games. In 1968, she returned to the Olympics to defend her title in the 100 m. In the final, she set a new World Record of 11.08 seconds. She became the first woman to hold the Olympic 100 m title through a second Olympic Games. Tyus also finished sixth in the 200 m. She ran the final leg for the relay team and helped set a new World Record. Winning the relay was her third gold medal.

Tyus retired from amateur sports after the 1968 Olympics. She became a member of the National Track & Field Hall of Fame in 1980 and the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 1985.

Other websites
 Georgia Sports Hall of Fame 
 Wyomia Tyus Olympic Park 
 Women's Sports Illustrated 
  New Georgia Encyclopedia

References
References

1945 births
Living people
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
American sprinters
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
William Joseph Mosconi (; June 27, 1913 – September 12, 1993) was an American professional pool (pocket billiards) player from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is best known as Willie Mosconi. Between 1941 and 1957, he won the World Straight Pool Championship 15 times--more than any other player. He was one the first people to become a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame. Mosconi created many trick shots that he used often. He set many records and helped make pool a popular recreation activity.

References

Cue sports players
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
1913 births
1993 deaths
Yuri Petrovich Lyubimov (September 30, 1917 – October 5, 2014) was an Soviet and Russian actor and director, founder of the internationally-renowned Taganka Theatre. He is one of the leading names in the Russian theatre world. 

After service in the Soviet Army during the World War II, Lyubimov joined the Vakhtangov Theatre. In 1953, he received the USSR State Prize. Lyubimov started teaching in 1963 and formed the Taganka Theatre the following year. Under Lyubimov, the theatre became the most popular in Moscow, with Vladimir Vysotsky and Alla Demidova as the leading actors.
After Vysotsky's death in 1980, all of Lyubimov's productions were banned by the Communist authorities. In 1984, he was stripped of Soviet citizenship. Thereupon Lyubimov worked abroad before returning to the Taganka Theatre in 1989. While in the West he maintained a busy directing career. In the US he directed Crime and Punishment at Arena Stage and Lulu at the Lyric Opera of Chicago. In 1983 he directed Crime and Punishment in London, winning the Evening Standard Award for Best Director.

His staging of Eugene Onegin premiered in the Taganka on his 85th birthday to much critical acclaim.

In June, 2011 Lyubimov left the Taganka theatre. 

Lyubimov died at 97 after being admitted to the Botkin Clinic in Moscow with heart failure.

Selected filmography
 Michurin (1948)

References

Other websites 

Website on Lyubimov

1917 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Russian movie actors
Soviet actors
Russian theatre directors
Russian playwrights