Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In Ancient Rome, Dignitas was regarded as the sum of the personal influence that a male citizen acquired throughout his life. It included personal reputation, moral standing, and ethical worth and the man's entitlement to respect and proper treatment as well.

The word does not have a direct connotation or translation in English. Some interpretations include dignity (merely a derivation) and prestige. The Oxford Latin Dictionary defines the expression as fitness, suitability, worthiness, visual impressiveness or distinction, dignity of style and gesture, rank, status, position, standing, esteem, importance, and honor.

Origins 
Authors who had used dignitas extensively in their writings and oratories include M. Tullius Cicero, Julius Caesar, Cornelius Tacitus, and T. Livius (Livy). The most prolific user was Cicero, who initially related it to the established term auctoritas. These two words were highly associated, auctoritas was thought to be the expression of a man’s dignitas.
The changing definition of dignitas 
Over the course of Ancient Roman history, dignitas took on different meanings over time, adjusting for the gradually changing viewpoints of society, politicians, and the various authors.

Years after Caesar's death, his heir Augustus rejected the contemporary meaning of dignitas. Augustus found the related term auctoritas to be a suitable alternative.

References 
Balsdon, J.p.v.d. "Auctoritas, Dignitas, Otium." The Classical Quarterly ns 10 (1960): 43-50.
Cicero, Ad Familiares 4.14
Cicero, Epistulae Ad Familiares. J. Paul Leonard Library, San Fransisco. Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares. San Francisco State University. 18 May 2007 
Radin, Max. "Roman Concepts of Equality." Political Science Quarterly 38 (1923): 262-289.
Ridler, Vivian. "Dignitas." Oxford Latin Dictionary. 1 vols. London: Oxford UP, 1968.

Ancient Rome
Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca. 56 – ca. 117) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving parts of his two major works—the Annals and the Histories—report about the reigns of the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian.

Works 

Experts believe Tacitus wrote these five works that have survived. The dates are approximate:

 (98) De vita Iulii Agricolae (The Life of Julius Agricola)
 (98) De origine et situ Germanorum (The Germania)
 (102) Dialogus de oratoribus (Dialogue on Oratory)
 (105) Historiae (Histories)
 (117) Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annals)

References
References 

 Haynes, Holly. The History of Make-Believe: Tacitus on imperial Rome (Berkeley, Calif.; London: University of California Press, 2003) 
 Syme, Ronald. Tacitus, Volumes 1 and 2. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958) (reprinted in 1985 by the same publisher, with the ) is the definitive study of his life and works.
 Syme, Ronald. Ten Studies in Tacitus. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970) 
 Talbert, R.J.A. "Tacitus and the Senatus Consultum de Cn. Pisone patre". The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 120, No. 1 (1999), pp. 89–97.
 Woodman, Anthony John. Tacitus Reviewed (Oxford: Oxford University Press,  1998)

Other websites
Other websites 

 Bibliography on Tacitus  (from Rutgers University Classics Department)
 Texts by Tacitus:
 
 Works by Tacitus at the Internet Archive
 At Perseus Project: Works by Tacitus in English and/or Latin
 At "The Online Books Page": Online e-texts of Tacitus' works
 At "Romansonline" (Latin text can be displayed side by side to translation): Works by Tacitus
 At "The Internet Sacred Text Archive": Parallel English and Latin text of the complete works of Tacitus
 Works by Tacitus: text, concordances and frequency list
 About Tacitus' Agrippina on QueenDido.org

110s deaths
Ancient Roman historians
50s births
Tacitus was a Roman historian. Other people and things named Tacitus include:

Marcus Claudius Tacitus, emperor of Rome 275–276
Asteroid 3097 Tacitus, named after the historian.
Tacitus, a fictional data matrix from the Command & Conquer series of computer games.
Connotation is a meaning that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal definition.

Usage
Today the word has different meanings, but it is always used for the contrast of a word or phrase with its primary, literal meaning (known as a denotation). That can be an implied value judgement or feelings.

A stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed. Although these have the same literal meaning (i.e. stubborn), strong-willed connotes admiration for the level of someone's will, while pig-headed connotes frustration in dealing with someone. Likewise, used car and previously owned car have the same literal meaning, but many dealerships prefer the latter, since it is thought to have fewer negative connotations.
It is often useful to avoid words with strong connotations (especially negative ones) when striving to achieve a neutral point of view. A desire for more positive connotations, or fewer negative ones, is one of the main reasons for using euphemisms.
Other websites 
 Connotations of problem solving

Logic
A Margrave () is a German nobleman.  

Originally the Holy Roman Emperor would give a Markgraf an area of the borders (the Marches or ) to look after.  The Margrave would have to protect the people in the area from invaders, and at the same time protect the empire. 

A Markgraf ranked higher than a graf, but lower than a duke.  The Margraves of Brandenburg were in control of such an important area that they were made Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, which was the highest honour in the Imperial Parliament.  There were no Kings in the Empire, so when the Margraves of Brandenburg took control of some territory outside the empire as well, they could call themselves King in Prussia.
As the Middle Ages ended and Europe and the Holy Roman Empire became more secure the military importance of the Margraves became less.  At the end of the German Empire in 1918, there were no Markgrafs left.  All had been given higher title, but may have kept the Markgraf title as an extra.  The Kings of Prussia, for example, always kept the lower title Margraves of Brandenburg.

History of Germany
German nobility
Meppel is a city and a municipality in the north east of the Netherlands (in the province Drenthe). On January 1, 2007 it had about 31,063 inhabitants. It has a density of 558/km² (1,445.2/sq mi). The timezone in Meppel is CET.

History

Meppel received city rights in 1644. It is the oldest town of Drenthe.

In the World War II almost all the Jews of Meppel were killed. 232 of the 250 were killed, so 18 survived it. Now there is a monument in Meppel for all those who died.

Municipality

These are the cities in the municipality of Meppel.

Cities in Drenthe
Municipalities of Drenthe
For the Spanish painter, see Diego Velázquez.

Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar (1465 - 1524) was a Spanish soldier and colonial administrator (a Conquistador).He conquered and governed Cuba for Spain. He is often called Diego de Velázquez by Dominican historians (that is the name used in the Appleton's Cyclopedia).

He was born in Cuéllar, near Segovia, Spain. He came to America in the second voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1493. He spent 17 years in the Hispaniola, living most of the time in the southwestern region of the island.

He worked together with the Spanish governor Nicolás de Ovando in the fight against the Taíno Indians of the region. He founded and governed several towns: Azua de Compostela (1504), San Juan de la Maguana (1503), Bánica (1504), Salvatierra de la Sabana (1504, now Les Cayes, Haiti), Santa María de la Verapaz (near the present Port-au-Prince, Haiti), Villanueva de Yáquimo (now Jacmel, Haiti).
In 1511, he left from Salvatierra de la Sabana with 300 men and three or four ships to the island of Cuba to conquer that island. He was the first governor of the island and he founded several cities, Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Baracoa (the first European city in Cuba and its first capital) in 1511, San Salvador del Bayamo (1513), Santiago de Cuba in 1514 and Havana in 1515.

In 1517 he sent Juan de Grijalva to explore the coast of Mexico and in 1518 he sent Francisco Hernández de Córdoba to explore the coast of Yucatán. Then in 1519 he sent his secretary, Hernán Cortés, to conquer Mexico with about 450 soldiers but when Cortés got to México (in Veracruz), he broke all relations with Velázquez.

Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar died in Santiago de Cuba in 1524.

References

Other websites
 Enciclopedia Libre Universal 
 Biography , with a bibliography
Short biography
 Encarta 

1465 births
1524 deaths
History of Cuba
15th century in Spain
Spanish military people
For the opposite of Denotation see Connotation.

In logic, linguistics and semiotics, a denotation of a word or phrase is a part of its meaning.

Examples
In order to understand fully the difference between denotation and connotation in the media studies and semiotics uses it is necessary to become familiar with some examples:
:

Different aspects of meaning 

Several parts of meaning may be called denotation. That depends on the contrast being drawn.
 Connotation and denotation are either
in basic semantics and literary theory, the figurative and literal meanings of a word, or
in philosophy, logic and parts of linguistics, the intension and extension of a word
 Denotation can be synonymous with reference in the sense and reference in philosophy of language.

 In Computer science, denotational semantics is contrasted with operational semantics.

 In Semiotics, denotation also has its own meaning.
In media-studies terminology, denotation is the first level of analysis: what the audience can visually see on a page. Denotation often refers to something literal, and avoids being a metaphor. Here it is usually coupled with connotation which is the second level of analysis, being what the denotation represents

In logic and semantics, denotational always attracts the extension meaning "in the pair", but the other element genuinely varies. See intension for some more discussion.

A denotation is the strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or colour. 

Denotation often links with symbolism, as the denotation of a particular media text often represents something further; a hidden meaning (or an Engima Code) is often encoded into a media text (such as the images below).

Other websites
 Semiotics for Beginners
 VirtuaLit Elements of Poetry 

Philosophy
Logic
Victoria Silvstedt (born September 19, 1974 in Skellefteå, Sweden) is a Swedish fashion model and actress. She is also a former winner of Playmate of the Year, which is chosen by Hugh Hefner.

1974 births
Living people
Swedish models
Doner kebab (also spelled döner kebab) (, ;  or  ) is a type of kebab. A Doner can be made from bread, salad, lamb, chicken or beef. It is cooked on a vertical rotisserie then thinly sliced. When bought from kebab shops it usually comes with salad or french fries. 

Restaurants in Germany offer hot chili sauce and garlic yoghurt-style sauce.  Barbecue sauce, burger sauce, lemon juice, or a mint sauce similar to raita are also popular. 

Doners are often eaten as take-away food on the way home after a night out. There are several common ways in which doner kebabs are served.

 Wrapped in pita bread (the most common)
 On pita bread
 Served as a dish of "doner meat" (and maybe chips), typically including salad
 Often preferred to be garnished with a range of sauces such as tomato ketchup, mayonnaise, chili sauce, mint or garlic sauce.

It is a very popular German fast food. The Döner was introduced to the Germans in the 1970s.

In the UK
In the UK

Kebabs are very much part of the Friday and Saturday night culture in the UK rather than breakfast or lunchtime food. UK doner kebab often uses a different mixture of spices, because immigrants from Cyprus run many of the shops. They may offer doner, shish (lamb and chicken) and kofte kebabs, with a 'special' including some of each with bread and chips.

References

Middle Eastern foods
The murder of Meredith Kercher happened on the night of 1 November 2007. Meredith Kercher was born in London on 28 December 1985 and was 21 years old at the time of her death. She was a student at Leeds University in England but moved to Italy in August 2007. Meredith went to a university in Perugia, Italy as part of her course of study. She lived in a house, upstairs, with three other female students.

Police investigators concluded that Kercher had been killed by striking her neck with a knife, undressed, and locked in her bedroom. Missing from her bedroom were credit cards, 300 euros (~US$450) as rent money due, and her house keys, all never found. Also missing were her 2 mobile phones (one international and one for local calls) which were found in bushes several blocks away when they rang as friends called on the next day.
Also accused in the case were the girl's 3-month flatmate and college classmate, Amanda Knox, along with her new student boyfriend of 8 days, an Italian young man named Raffaele Sollecito (/so-Lay-chee-toe/), who lived in an apartment nearby. Knox and Sollecito were both held in prison, without bond, for 4 years as they waited on the court judges to re-hear the case until they were found innocent of the crimes. None of their DNA was found anywhere in the girl's locked bedroom, only out in the hallway or other rooms.
However, the court continued for over 7 years in again attempting to sentence them, to 26 and 25 years in prison, until they were judged completely innocent in 2014.
Murder
An American student named Amanda Knox who lived in the house with Kercher, came home the next day. At 12:07 pm, she called Kercher's local Italian mobile phone, but it rang without being answered for 16 seconds. Then she called another roommate, Filomena R., and said that there were drops of blood in the house and that Kercher did not answer her phone. Knox then tried calling Kercher again two times, but there was still no answer on either her local Italian phone or her UK phone. Immediately, Filomena called back to Knox to say she was coming home, and Knox then announced that Filomena's bedroom window had been broken, with glass all over her clothes and the computer on the floor.
After Filomena had called Knox again, two police officers came to the house because two mobile phones had been found in gardens about one kilometer (0.6 mile) from the house. When Knox had called Kercher (at 12:07 pm), her phone was found ringing in some garden bushes. It was found by a neighbour who then called the communications police.

Entering the house, the police noted all the drops of blood that Knox showed them, and they confirmed that Kercher's bedroom door was locked. A friend of Filomena's broke the door to open it. The police looked in the bedroom and found Kercher's body under a duvet (quilt). She was naked except for her T-shirts pulled up to her shoulders. There was a lot of blood on her body and around the room. Someone had stabbed her neck with a knife. Her clothes were laying scattered towards the door. Two credit cards, 300 euros (about US$420), and her house keys were missing.
Arrests
The next day, the police arrested three people. They arrested Knox, her 2-week boyfriend (an Italian student) Raffaele Sollecito. They also arrested Knox's boss at a local pub where she worked but later released him. Sollecito was Knox's new boyfriend, and she had met him just eight days before the murder. Weeks later, police arrested another person called Rudy Guede.  Originally from the Ivory Coast, Guede later acquired dual citizenship in Italy. After the murder, he went by train to Germany. Police in Germany caught him and took him back to Italy.

Trials
Guede was put on trial in Italy in October 2008. He was found guilty and sent to prison for 30 years.

Knox and Sollecito were also put on trial. Sollecito was sent to prison for 25 years, and Knox for 26 years. They both appealed their sentences.
Guede had claimed that he had been invited to her house, as a date planned with Kercher on Halloween. While in her house, he claimed he became sick, and while in the bathroom, he heard a loud scream. In his story, Guede claimed that he saw a brown-haired Italian man holding a knife, over Kercher on the floor of her room. He then claimed that the man fought him, and ran from the house, saying in perfect Italian, "Trovato negro, trovato colpevole" ("found black, found guilty"). Guede said that he tried to help Kercher, as she was bleeding quickly, but he became scared and ran from the house, without calling the police or anyone for help. Guede had told officials that Kercher was fully dressed when she was stabbed, and he left her with the bed quilt and pillow on her bed. However, witnesses and CSI experts, from the Forensic Police in Rome, presented evidence that contradicted Guede's story about that night:
Guede claimed Kercher met with him on Halloween, but her friends testified that they had gone partying with her, and none of them saw her talking to Guede.
 Guede claimed Kercher was fully dressed when stabbed, but blood spots on her skin indicated that her T-shirt was pulled above her bra when she was stabbed.
 Guede claimed the white pillow remained on the bed, but it was found under the body, marked with his left shoe print (from Nike Outbreak 2 tennis shoes) and his palm-print in blood.
 Guede claimed that he did not return to undress and move the body, but the bra and severed bra strap had DNA matching Guede's DNA genetic profile, also on her body and handbag.
 Guede claimed he did not break the upstairs window in the third bedroom, but just 5 days earlier, he had been caught afterhours in a Milan school, with a laptop computer and mobile phone stolen from a law office burgled with a rock breaking through an upstairs window.
Guede claimed he had not stabbed Kercher, but when caught inside the Milan school on 27 October 2007, the local police searched his backpack and found a kitchen knife stolen from the school kitchen.
At Guede's trial, the judge and jury did not believe Guede's claims, and they convicted him of the murder. He had been caught because his palm-print on the pillow matched his police file, including the Milan school incident, when Milan police had released him just 5 days before the murder. Guede was sentenced to 30 years in prison, but that was reduced to 16 years after his first appeal trial.
In a separate trial, both Knox and Sollecito were tried for the murder, but the evidence was much less than with Guede. No witnesses testified that they had seen or heard Knox or Sollecito enter or leave the house that night. Also, the small amounts of DNA connecting them to the murder were in such low amounts that it could be considered contamination, and such small amounts of DNA are inadmissible during trials in British or U.S. criminal courts. Although numerous shoe prints had been found matching Guede's Nike shoe, there were no shoe prints matching any of the shoes which police had taken from the houses of Knox and Sollecito. The main issues about them were that they said things that seemed suspicious:
 Knox had written a statement, during police interrogation, in which she vaguely remembered going to the house with her boss from work, but thought it was a false memory, suggested under police pressure.
Knox testified that the police, on the 4th day of questions, had kept her awake all night, without food, then shouted, hit her, and threatened to put her in prison for 30 years unless she named someone. However, the police testified they did not bully her, and instead that Knox started crying and confessed to being in the house.
 Sollecito, when calling the police, said that there had been a burglary break-in with nothing taken, even though the other housemates had not returned to count their belongings.
 They both claimed to have stayed the night at his 2-story house, but they could not confirm what the other was doing downstairs, or if either had left.
 Sollecito told police his father had called him at home around 11 p.m. However, phone records later showed that he received no such call.
Because no other witnesses could confirm the couple stayed in his house, during the murder at Knox's house, they were both sent to trial. The evidence against them was very limited:
 One man, Hekuran K., claimed he saw all three on a rainy street near the house that night, and had argued with them, but the rain had been on Halloween, instead, the night before. When asked how he knew what time they argued, he said he checked his car clock, but noted that it was broken. When asked if he had talked to reporters, he said no then yes.
 Another witness, a homeless man, Antonio C. said that he saw Knox and Sollecito talking in a town square near the house that night at 11-11:30 pm, timed from a nearby clock, but in his original statement, he had said other people nearby were wearing masks, as on Halloween, the night before.
 Computer records show that Sollecito's computer was being used at 9:10 pm and he lived at least 10 minutes from the town square.
A fingerprint expert claimed that one shoe print on the bed pillow was in Knox's size, but the pattern did not match any of her 22 shoes, and when the pillow was folded, that shoe print exactly matched Guede's Nike shoes.
 A partial blood footprint on the nearby bath mat was claimed to match Sollecito's foot, but experts testified that it was so vague that it also matched Guede's foot.
 No hairs, clothing fibers, skin or fingerprints of Knox or Sollecito were found in Kercher's room.
 No blood-stained clothes, shoes, or knives were found in either of their houses, or in Sollecito's car.
 A knife taken from Sollecito's kitchen, with Knox's DNA on the handle, was claimed to match a trace amount of Kercher's DNA near the tip, but the knife was too large to have made two of the three stab wounds, and tested negative for any blood residue anywhere.
When Knox was convicted in the first trial, the verdict was questioned by some as "anti-Americanism", but Sollecito was also convicted at the same time.
Appeals
Guede appealed against his sentence, and it was changed from 30 to 16 years in prison. He still says that he did not kill Kercher. His second appeal trial ended in December 2010 with upholding the verdict of guilty.

Knox and Sollecito filed the proper legal documents to appeal their convictions, and they were still considered "presumed innocent" as if the previous trial verdicts were suspended. Their appeal trial began in November 2010, with a new judge who ruled to re-examine DNA evidence against them. The judge also granted a re-questioning of witness Antonio C. about which days he saw what.

On 3 October 2011, murder convictions against Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito were overturned and they were both set free that same night.

Italy's supreme court ordered a re-trial. The case was heard in Florence, and ended on 30 January 2014. Both Knox and Sollecito were found not-guilty of murder. They were originally sentenced to 28 (Knox) and 26 (Sollecito) years in prison.

References
References

2007 in Europe
2000s in Italy
2000s murders in Europe
British people murdered abroad
English murder victims
Murder in 2007
Murders by blade weapons
People murdered in Italy
Meredith Monroe (born December 30, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Andie McPhee on Dawson's Creek from 1998 to 2000. She's currently part of the CBS program NCIS.

She was a series regular in Seasons 2-3, appearing in several episodes at the beginning and end of season 4, and was a special guest star in the final series episode in Season 6, though these scenes were cut from the televised episode.

References

Other websites

 
 

1968 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Michelle Williams (born September 9, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actress. Williams first appeared in the teen series Dawson's Creek and later acted in full length movies, such as Brokeback Mountain, for which she was nominated for an Oscar as Best Supporting Actress.

In 2018, Williams was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role as Gail Getty in All the Money in the World.

In 2023, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Fabelmans.

She was nominated for the Orange Rising Star Award in 2006.

References

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Montana
1980 births
Living people
People from Kalispell, Montana
Pernilla Wiberg (born October 15 1970 in Norrköping) is one of the most successful Swedish alpine skiers. She won the giant slalom in the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville and the Alpine combination at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer as well as 24 wins in the Alpine skiing World Cup between 1991 and 1999. She was elected a member of the International Olympic Committee in 2002. In club competitions, she represented Norrköpings SK.

References 

Swedish skiers
1970 births
Living people
International Olympic Committee
Ebba von Sydow (born February 18, 1981 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Swedish journalist and author. She is the great-granddaughter of Swedish prime minister Oscar von Sydow, and also related to actor Max von Sydow and politician Björn von Sydow.

1981 births
Living people
Writers from Gothenburg
Swedish journalists
Lulu is an opera by the composer Alban Berg.  Berg took the story from two plays called Erdgeist and Die Büchse des Pandora by the German playwright Frank Wedekind.  Berg wrote the libretto (the words for the opera) himself.

Many people found Lulu very shocking because the story is very decadent.  There is a lot of blood, murder, sex and violence in it.  Also: Berg’s music was quite difficult to understand.  He uses twelve tone music, which is not in any particular key,  although he uses it to make a style of music which is often very Romantic and expressive.
Composition
Berg started to write the opera in 1929, but then he stopped working on it to write his Violin Concerto.  When Berg died, he had not finished the last act of the opera, he had only sketched it.  Schoenberg was asked whether he would finish the opera, but he thought it would be too much work.  When the opera was first performed in 1937 there were only two acts: the opera was unfinished.  Berg’s widow, Helene, said that nobody was allowed to finish it and that it should stay unfinished.  For more than 40 years, that is how the opera was performed.

When Helene died in 1976, a man called Friedrich Cerha finished the opera, guessing what Berg might have written.  This completed version was performed in 1979 at the Opera Garnier, conducted by Pierre Boulez.

Famous sopranos who have sung the main part of Lulu include Teresa Stratas, Anja Silja and Christine Schäfer.

Roles

The story
Roles

The story

Prologue: A circus ringmaster introduces all his animals. The last one is Lulu herself, who is carried on stage and introduced as a snake.

Act I

Scene 1: Lulu, the wife of Dr. Goll, an old doctor, is having her portrait painted. Dr. Schön, a newspaper editor who rescued Lulu when she was living in the streets, is now having a love affair with her. Dr. Schön’s son Alwa arrives, excuses himself, and he and Dr. Schön leave. The Painter wants to make love to Lulu. Dr. Goll unexpectedly walks in, sees that the two of them are alone, collapses and dies of a heart attack.
Scene 2: Lulu has now married the Painter. She gets a telegram which says that Dr. Schön is engaged to be married.  Schigolch, a tramp, visits her.  He seems to have had something to do with her in the past. Dr. Schön arrives.  He talks as if  Schigolch is Lulu's father. He has come to ask Lulu to stay out of his life from now on. She takes no notice and leaves after her husband, the Painter, arrives. Dr. Schön tells the Painter about their affair, and says he must talk to his wife about it. The Painter leaves, but instead of going to talk to Lulu he cuts his own throat and dies. Lulu does not seem to care and simply tells Dr. Schön "You'll marry me all the same."
Scene 3: Lulu, working as a dancer, is sitting in her dressing room with Alwa. They talk about a Prince who is in love with Lulu and who wants to marry her. Lulu leaves to go on stage, but refuses to go on because Dr. Schön and his fiancée are in the audience. Dr. Schön comes in to try to persuade her to perform. When the two are left alone, she tells Schön that she is thinking of leaving with the Prince to go to Africa. Dr. Schön realises that he cannot live without her, and Lulu makes him write a letter to his fiancée saying that he does not want to marry her.  Lulu carries on with the show.

Act II
Act II

Scene 1: Lulu has now married Dr. Schön, who is full of jealousy because so many men and one woman seem to love Lulu. One of them, the lesbian Countess Geschwitz, visits her to invite her to a ball, but leaves when Dr. Schön disapproves. When the two go out, the Countess returns and hides. Two other admirers, the Acrobat and the Schoolboy, also enter, and all begin to talk to Lulu when she returns. Alwa arrives, and the admirers hide as Alwa tells Lulu he loves her. Dr. Schön returns, sees the Acrobat, and begins a long argument with Lulu. Gradually he finds the other people who are hiding.  He gives Lulu a revolver, and tells her to kill herself, but she shoots Schön instead. The police arrive to arrest Lulu for the murder.
Scene 2: The Countess Geschwitz, Alwa and the Acrobat are in the same room as Act II, Scene 1. They are waiting for Schigolch, who is to take the Countess to the hospital. She is going to give up her own freedom by taking Lulu's place so that nobody will discover she has escaped until it is too late. The Acrobat says he is going to marry Lulu and move with her to Paris where the two will work in an act together. Schigolch leaves with the countess, then returns with Lulu, who is so ill from her disease that the Acrobat does not follow his plan, but goes off to get the police instead. Schigolch is sent off to buy train tickets, and, left alone, Alwa and Lulu say they love each other and agree to go away together.

Act III
Act III

Scene 1: Lulu and Alwa are now living in Paris. The scene is a party in a casino. Lulu is being forced by blackmail to work in a Cairo brothel by the Acrobat and a pimp.  The police still want her for Dr. Schön's murder and the Acrobat and the pimp say to her that they will take her to the police if she does not do as they say. Schigolch arrives, asking for money. She is persuaded to lure the Acrobat away to a hotel and murder him. After they have gone, news arrives that the railway company has run out of money.  The guests have all got money in the company.  The party quickly breaks up, and in the confusion, Lulu manages to change clothes with a young man. She escapes with Alwa just before the police arrive to catch her.
Scene 2: Lulu and Alwa are now living with Schigolch.  They are poor are in London so that the police cannot find them. Lulu is working as a prostitute. She arrives with a client, a professor (played by the same actor as Dr. Goll, Lulu's first husband). The Countess Geschwitz then arrives with a portrait of Lulu which she has brought from Paris. Alwa hangs it on the wall. Lulu goes out, and returns with another client, the Negro (played by the same actor as the Painter, Lulu's second husband). He refuses to pay before making love, and kills Alwa in a struggle. Schigolch takes the body away while Geschwitz thinks about killing herself, but then gives up the idea when she realises that Lulu does not care. Eventually, Lulu goes out and comes back with a third client (played by the same actor as Dr. Schön, Lulu's third husband). He argues over the price, and is about to leave when Lulu decides she will sleep with him for less than her usual fee
. This client, who is actually Jack the Ripper, murders Lulu, and then on his way out kills the Countess as well, who swears her love to Lulu as the curtain comes down.
Structure
The shape of the whole opera is often said to be like a mirror – Lulu's popularity in the first act is mirrored by the poverty she lives in during Act III.  Also, Lulu's husbands in Act I are played by the same singers as her clients in Act III.  In the middle of the opera is the movie.  Even some of the music is a palindrome (it reads the same forwards as backwards). This can be seen at the very middle of the Act II movie Interlude, when a piano plays a rising pattern of notes, which then reverses direction and falls.
Some of the characters have their own music which, in each case, is a theme made of twelve notes.  This is the twelve-tone system which was invented by Berg’s teacher Arnold Schoenberg.  By giving each character a theme, he is using the idea of a leitmotif, which was used a lot by Wagner. This can be heard in Scene I of Act II, when Lulu sings a dramatic solo telling Dr. Schön she has never pretended to be anything other than what she is. The first twelve syllables (If men have killed themselves for my sake...) that she sings are set to her leitmotif.

1930s operas
Compositions by Alban Berg
1937 works
Howard University is an African-American college in Washington, D.C. It was started in 1867.

Other websites
Howard University

Atlantic Soccer Conference
Colleges and universities in Washington, D.C.
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
United Soccer Conference
19th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
1867 establishments in the United States
Historically black colleges and universities
Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (born October 26, 1973) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He is best known for creating the animated television series, Family Guy, American Dad! and The Cleveland Show.

Early years and beginning of Family Guy
MacFarlane went to Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), a school in Rhode Island where he studied animation. He made a short cartoon movie named, The Life of Larry during his senior year. He worked at Hanna-Barbera writing and making episodes of Johnny Bravo. FOX, a media network, saw The Life of Larry and offered him $50,000 to make a pilot.

Political views
MacFarlane is a supporter for the Democratic Party. In 2015, MacFarlane revealed support for Bernie Sanders on the 2016 U.S. presidential election, and he introduced Sanders on a Los Angeles rally.
September 11 attacks
On the morning of September 11, 2001, MacFarlane was scheduled to return to Los Angeles on American Airlines Flight 11 from Boston. After having a hangover from last night's celebrations, and after getting his departure time incorrectly (8:15 a.m. instead of 7:45 a.m.) from his travel agent, he arrived at Logan International Airport about ten minutes too late to board the flight as the gates had been closed. Fifteen minutes after departure, American Airlines Flight 11 was hijacked, and at 8:46 a.m. it was flown into the North Tower of the World Trade Center, destroying the airplane, and killing everyone on board.

Career

Family Guy

American Dad!

The Winner

The Cleveland Show

Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy

The Flintstones

Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
In August 2011, Fox ordered a 13-part updated series of Cosmos: A Personal Voyage. MacFarlane will co-produce with Anne Druyan and Steven Soter. It will be hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson. The series was broadcast on Fox in 2014.
Bordertown
Seth MacFarlane is on his fifth animated series Bordertown with Alex Borstein. Its broadcast date is on January 3, 2016. It shows a family and has a female lead role.

Filmography

Movies

Television

References

Other websites

Interview  on IGN.com
 Seth Macfarlane at Emmys.com

Biography with signature
1973 births
Living people
American atheists
Webby Award winners
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Television producers
Television writers
Comedians from Connecticut
Democrats (United States)
Actors from Connecticut
Tanuki is a word for the Raccoon Dog in Japanese. Tanukis are in Japanese folk tales. In Japan, it is said that tanukis deceive a person, and that the ability is superior to a fox.

Japanese folklore
Megalibgwilia is a genus of echidna only known from fossils from Australia, it contains the oldest known echidna species.

References 
 Long, J., Archer, M., Flannery, T. and Hand, S. 2002. Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. Johns Hopkins University Press.  pp 45–47. 
 Griffiths, M., Wells, R.T., and Barrie, D.J. 1991. Observations on the skulls of fossil and extant echidnas (Monotremata:Tachyglossidae),. Australian Mammalology 14:87-101

Monotremes
Mantle is a word with various meanings:

Mantle (geology) = Earth's mantle, below crust, above core
Mantle (vesture) = Ecclesiastic cloak
Mantle (mollusc) = Cloak-like part of molluscan anatomy
Ajax the Great or Aias () son of Telamon, was a hero from the Trojan War. He was a cousin of Achilles. Ajax died by suicide. This happened after Achilles died and Ajax was in a contest with Odysseus to see who would receive Achilles's armour. Ajax lost the contest.

Related pages
 Ajax the Lesser

References 

People in Greek mythology
Phoenicia was a civilization to the north of Canaan. that existed from 1200 to 900 BC. People from Phoenicia had their own language, Phoenician, which is the origin of most of the world's alphabets.

Phoenicians set up colonies in the Mediterranean region and beyond. Carthage was one of them. Phoenician traders went as far as the British Isles to buy tin. At their peak, the Phoenicians were a major power in the Mediterranean.

References
The Seattle Seahawks are a professional American football team in Seattle, Washington, USA. They started playing football in 1976. They are currently members of the Western Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Seahawks played football in three Super Bowls, winning one of them. The Seahawks have retired five jersey numbers: #80, #71, #96, #45, and #12. The number 12 was retired in honor of the Seahawks fans, often referred to as the 12th Man, while the other four were retired in honor of former players. The Seahawks play their home games at Lumen Field (formerly known as Seahawks Stadium, Qwest Field, and CenturyLink Field).

Notes

References

Other websites

 

1974 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Washington (state)
Salisbury is a city in Wiltshire, South West England. It is the only city in Wiltshire and is its second largest settlement.  It sits at the joining of five rivers: the Nadder, Ebble, Wylye, and Bourne, which are tributaries to the Hampshire Avon, which flows to the south coast and into the sea at Christchurch in Dorset.

To the north of Salisbury is an old settlement surrounded by mounds and ditches for protection. It is called Old Sarum. Today there are only a few ruined stone foundations. This was the original town that was first occupied about 5,000 years ago. Experts think it was built there because it was close to the River Avon for water and it was near major trackways across the country.

Salisbury Cathedral has a copy of the Magna Carta. 

Salisbury has 45,000 people. Salisbury is about 15 kilometers (9.5 miles) from Stonehenge.

References
Jan Ullrich (born 2 December 1973 in Rostock, Germany) is a retired German bicycle rider. He was very good in riding in the mountains. In Individual time trials he was one of the best cyclists at his time. He won the Tour de France in 1997. Jan Ullrich is the only German athlete who has won this event.

Beginning 
Jan Ullrich started cycling early. When he was ten years old, he won his first race. After Germany's reunification he went to a club in Hamburg. In 1993, when Ullrich was 19 years old, he won the World Amateur Road Race championship in Oslo, Norway. In this year Lance Armstrong won the Professional World Race championchip. The year after, he became third in the Individual Time Race championchip. After this succes he became a professional member of the German Team "Team-Telekom".
Tour de France 
Jan Ullrich first rode the Tour de France in 1996. There he won a stage and became overall second, after his team mate Bjarne Riis. Some experts say, Jan Ullrich could have won the Tour the France that year, but he did not because he helped his team-mate over the Tour.

In 2007 Bjarne Riis said that he used drugs to win the 1996 Tour. In 1997 Jan Ullrich won the Tour the France, when he was 23 years old (fourth youngest winner of the Tour since 1947). During this year he won the Tour de Suisse, German-Tour and HEW-Cyclassics. At the end of the year, he was elected as the "sports person of the year" in Germany.
Doping
Many of Jan Ullrichs Team-members said, he was taking drugs in the 90. In 2002 he tested positive for amphetamine. He said he took pills in a disco, without knowing that they were an illegal substance. He was suspended for 6 months. In 2006 Ullrich was suspected to be a client of Fuentes. In 2007 a DNA-test gave the evidence that he was one, and that he was planning to use the illegal blood doping. Ullrich denied using drugs for a long time. In 2013, Ullrich decided to tell the truth. He admitted he used illegal substances during his career.

Palmarès
Palmarès 

1993
 Amateur World Road Race Cycling Champion
1995
 National Time Trial Champion
1996
Tour de France
 2nd place overall
 Winner white jersey
 Winner stage 20
Regio Tour
1997
Tour de France
 Winner yellow jersey
 Winner white jersey
 Winner stages 10 and 12
 National Road Race Champion
Luk Cup, à Bühl
HEW Cyclassics
1998
Tour de France
 2nd place overall
 Winner white jersey
 Winner stages 7, 16 and 20
Rund um Berlin
Rund um die Nürnberger Altstadt
1999
 World Time Trial Cycling Champion
Winner Vuelta a España
2000
Summer Olympics Road Race Champion
Tour de France: 2nd place
Coppa Agostini
2001
 World Time Trial Cycling Champion
 National Road Race Champion
Tour de France: 2nd place
Giro dell'Emilia
Versatel Classic
2003
Tour de France
 2nd place
 Winner stage 12
Rund um Köln (Tour of Cologne)
2004
Tour de France: 4th place
Tour de Suisse: winner
Coppa Sabatini
2005
Tour de France: 3rd place
2006
Tour de Suisse: winner

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Official Homepage
 Jan Ullrich at the Internet Movie Database

1973 births
Doping cases in cycling
German cyclists
Living people
People from Rostock
Sportspeople from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Tour de France winners
Vuelta a España winners
Lincoln is an old city in Lincolnshire, England. Lincoln has a population of about 100,000 people. It is the county town of Lincolnshire, in the East Midlands of England.

Lincoln developed from the Roman town of Lindum Colonia. Before then it was an Iron Age settlement. Lincoln's major landmarks are Lincoln Cathedral, a famous example of English Gothic architecture, and Lincoln Castle, an 11th-century Norman castle.

The city has the University of Lincoln and Bishop Grosseteste University. Lincoln is north of London, and by the River Witham, in the East Midlands.

References
Burj el-Barajneh is a settlement in Beirut, Lebanon. It was set up as a Palestine refugee camp in 1948. It was laid siege to by the Israeli army and local Christian Phalangists during 1982, after Israel invaded Lebanon earlier that year.

Other websites

 Burj el-Barajneh Camp: A Photo Essay . Alternative Media Centre of Québec (CMAQ), 7 November 2005.
 UN.org profile of Burj el-Barajneh refugee camp
 February 23, 1987 TIME article 
 Burj el-Barajneh Camp: A Photo Essay 

Beirut
1948 establishments in Asia
A coelacanth is a type of fish in the Sarcopterygii, the lobe-finned fishes. They are a sister group to those fish which evolved into tetrapods. Their fossil record goes back 400 million years, before any land vertebrates had evolved.

There are at least two species of coelacanths living in the Indian Ocean. Scientists thought they had been extinct for 80 million years until one was caught off the east African coast in 1938. However, fisherman in the Comoros islands had been catching it for a very long time and called it gombesa.

Characteristics 
The coelacanths are the closest link between fish and the first amphibians which made the transition from sea to land in the Devonian period (408–362 million years ago). Whereas the fishapods lived near the shore in muddy water, the coelacanths lived in open water. The modern species are predators that live in the deep ocean.
Latimeria 
Latimeria is the only living genus of the otherwise fossil coelacanth fish. It is probably the best-known Lazarus taxon. That such a creature could have been unrecorded for so long is rare, but perhaps the cold depths of the West Indian ocean (in which the Coelacanth lives), and the few predators it has, may have helped the species survive. Its disgusting taste means that fishermen did not deliberately try to catch it, that is, before scientists started offering rewards.

The population living off Tanzania is threatened by Japanese trawlers, but the fish is not edible. They are simply caught in trawls by accident. More than 20 have died this way, and their total numbers cannot be large.
Scientific study 
Latimeria was first found by scientists in 1938 by Marjorie Courtenay Latimer, the curator of a small museum in the South African port town of East London. She was visiting a fisherman who would let her search through his boat's catch for interesting specimens. Another one was found off the Comoros islands in 1952. The largest specimen was about 1.8 metres (~6 ft).

References 

Lobe-finned fish
Living fossils
Environmental disasters and homeless people 
Since Hurricane Katrina made landfall in August of 2005, the term has been used to describe temporary housing sites set up for Gulf Coast residents who were left homeless by the storm. Some of the tents that were built by Seabees and funded by FEMA are wooden structures covered by tents. With the exception of indoor plumbing, most of the tents have heat, air, and lights. The tent city can hold as many as 250 occupants. Displaced residents are only expected to stay for three to six months. In late December 2006, the St. Vincent de Paul Society in Saint Petersburg, Florida established an encampment on their property when dozens of homeless moved off of public land across the street from the society. In early January 2007, city officials noted city codes that prohibit living in tents and gave the society one week to evict the occupants of the tent city.
For travelers on The Hajj to Mecca 
Every year, the Saudi Arabian government's Ministry of Hajj sets up a tent city to support Muslim pilgrims in the village of Mina, where the ritual Stoning of the Devil takes place as part of the overall Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. A tent city is also established annually at Mount Arafat, another essential stop during the Hajj . Because up to four million pilgrims may be performing the Hajj annually, the tent cities are densely inhabited with 20-40 people per tent. As such, fire and disease outbreaks are constant concerns. Since the late 1990s, Saudi authorities have started using fireproof tents to reduce the risks of a major fire.
Military uses 
In the military, the term "tent city" usually refers to temporary living quarters erected on deployed military bases, such as those found in Bosnia or Iraq. Depending on the branch of service and the length the tent city has been in place, the living space may have most modern amenities. For sanitary reasons, military tent cities place toilet, shower, and laundry facilities at least 50 feet (15m) from living quarters. Also, tents are typically divided into clusters of 8-10 to prevent the rapid spread of fire, which is of utmost concern because of the tent and bedding materials.

References 

Accommodations