Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
2011 Buh-Bye (2011) 
This is a parody of My Bonnie Lies Over The Ocean. Notable events mentioned include:
 The introduction of Ben & Jerry's new ice cream flavor, "Schweddy Balls", inspired by Saturday Night Live
 Charlie Sheen
 Theft claims by Lindsay Lohan
 Charges of sexual assaults against Dominique Strauss-Kahn
 The campaigning of Republicans Mitt Romney, Rick Perry, and Herman Cain for the 2012 United States presidential election
 The trial and conviction of Dr. Conrad Murray
 Arnold Schwarzenegger's love child scandal
 Standard & Poor lowering America's rating
 The high unemployment rate
 The United States debt-ceiling crisis
 Weinergate
 Taxation and Class War debates
 Rupert Murdoch getting hit with a pie
 The 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
 Greek debt
 The Arab Spring (including the 2011 Egyptian revolution and the 2011 Libyan civil war)
 The death of Muhamar Gaddafi
 The removal of Don't ask, don't tell
 The claims and denials of homosexuality in Sesame Street characters Bert and Ernie
The death of Osama bin Laden
 An earthquake and nuclear crisis in Japan
 Riots in Great Britain
 The 2011 end times prediction by Harold Camping
 The widespread 2012 phenomenon (also called the Mayan Prophecy or the Mayan Apocalypse)
 The short-lived marriage by Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries
 Jessica Simpson and Beyoncé have babies
 The bankruptcy of Borders Group
 Netflix policy changes lead people to unsubscribe, consequently losing over 75% brand value
 Justin Bieber's new hairstyle
 Rebecca Black's hit song "Friday"
 The Royal Wedding
 The Occupy Wall Street movement and the widespread of the Occupy movement
 The deaths of Steve Jobs, Elizabeth Taylor, Betty Ford, Randy Savage, Andy Rooney, Peter Falk, Ryan Dunn, and Amy Winehouse
 The Nyan Cat
 The last Space Shuttle mission
 The incident in Zanesville, Ohio when exotic animals, such as lions, tigers, and bears were released.
2012 The End is Near (2012) 
This is a parody of Down By The Riverside portrayed by Mayans. Notable events mentioned include:
 Global warming causing Arctic ice to melt
 Felix Baumgartner jumping to solid ground from the edge of the atmosphere (Red Bull Stratos)
 The ongoing conflict in Libya
 The United States fiscal cliff
 Zumba
 Fifty Shades of Gray
 Sam Champion and Anderson Cooper coming out as gay
 Chick-Fil-A hating gay people
 Kristen Stewart cheating on Robert Pattinson
 The divorce of Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise
 Lance Armstrong blowing his career for using steroids
 The disappointing price plunge of Facebook stock once the company went public
 The record-breaking success of Marvel's Avengers movie, surpassing the same year's films The Dark Knight Rises; The Hunger Games and The Amazing Spider-Man
 Rush Limbaugh's sexist tirade against Sandra Fluke, calling her such names as a "slut"
 Disney's purchase of Lucasfilm
 Here Comes Honey Boo Boo
 Gangnam Style by Psy
The failed restoration of Elías García Martínez's Ecce Homo by amateur restorer Cecilia Giménez
 Erhmagerd memes
 The Secret Service escort scandal
 The Petraeus scandal
 Obamacare
 The 2012 United States presidential election, Barack Obama defeating Mitt Romney
 The Olympics
 Arnold Schwarzenegger's autobiography Total Recall: My Unbelievably True Life Story
 The deaths of Michael Clarke Duncan, Andy Griffith, Phyllis Diller, Sherman Hemsley, Dick Clark, Larry Hagman, Whitney Houston, Jerry Nelson, Donna Summer, Neil Armstrong, Hector Camacho, Alastair Burnet, Ernest Borgnine, Maurice Sendak, Dave Brubeck, and Ray Bradbury
 Hurricane Sandy
 Fail Mary, the controversial game between the Green Bay Packers and Seattle Seahawks that led to public outcry over NFL's replacement referees
 Israel and Palestine arguing
 Snooki having a baby
2013 What a Year (2013)  
This is a parody of Give My Regards To Broadway. Notable events mentioned include:
 The 2012–13 Egyptian protests and the overthrow of Mohamed Morsi
 Drone warfare in Pakistan
 Edward Snowden exposing the NSA scandal
 Sequestering
 A government shutdown
 Obamacare
 Rob Ford smoking crack
 Weinergate again
 The movie Gravity
 The Pope quits
 The striking down of the Defense of Marriage Act and California Propisition 8
 Kanye West having a baby
 A royal baby
 The popularity of The Walking Dead and Breaking Bad, as well as the latter's series finale
 The launch of the iPhone 5S and 5C
 Harlem Shake by Bauuer
 Wrecking Ball by Miley Cyrus
 Jeff Bezos buying the Washington Post
 Paula Deen allegedly saying the N-word
 Blurred Lines
 The deaths of James Gandolfini, Lou Reed, Nelson Mandela, and Margaret Thatcher among others
 Blockbuster going out of business
 Batkid
 Grand Theft Auto V
 What Does the Fox Say by Ylvis
 Floods in Colorado
 A typhoon in the Philippines
A tornado in Oklahoma
 Sharknado
 The Justin Bieber-Anne Frank controversy
 Marissa Mayer buying Tumblr
 The Hunger Games: Catching Fire
 Jennifer Lawrence playing Katniss Everdeen
 Jason Collins coming out as gay
2014 You are History (2014) 
This is a parody of Beethoven's 9th Symphony. Notable events mentioned include: 
 2014 Winter Olympics
 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
 The December 2014 Sony Pictures Entertainment hack and temporary cancellation of The Interview
 The How I Met Your Mother series finale
 Renée Zellweger's facial reconstruction
 The 2014 Omar J. Gonzalez White House intrusion
 Kim Kardiashian's butt
 ISIS
 Russia fighting against Ukraine
 The Republicans taking over Congress
 Barack Obama's executive orders
 Michael Brown and Eric Garner's deaths, and subsequent unrest
 Ebola
 Washington, D.C. and Colorado legalizing marijuana
 Jay Leno retiring from the Night Show, being replaced by Jimmy Fallon
 The ending of Colbert Report
 All About that Bass by Megan Trainor
 Shia LaBeouf no longer being relevant
 Roger Goodell terminating Ray Rice from the Baltimore Ravens and Adrian Peterson from the Minnesota Vikings over domestic violence cases
The marriage of Brad Pitt to Angelina Jolie and George Clooney to Amal Alamuddin
 The divorce of Chris Martin and Gwyneth Paltrow
 Justin Bieber's egg-throwing and DUI incidents, subsequent arrest, and continued career downfall
 The Solange Knowles-Jay-Z elevator brawl
 Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson
 The Rosetta Spacecraft successfully landing on a comet
 The success of Guardians of the Galaxy and Interstellar
 4Chan
 "Happy" by Pharrell Williams and his giant mountie hat from the 56th Annual Grammy Awards
 "Weird Al" Yankovic
 Jane Foster becomes Marvel Comics' first ever female Thor
 The deaths of Casey Kasem, Norman Bridwell, Robin Williams, Sid Caesar, Pete Seeger, Richard Attenborough, Mickey Rooney, Maya Angelou, Jan Hooks, Harold Ramis, Joan Rivers, and Philip Seymour Hoffman
 The 2014 FIFA World Cup, specifically Germany's 7-1 thrashing of Brazil in the semifinals
 "Anaconda" by Nicki Minaj and Eaten Alive
 The iPhone 6
The iPhone 6
 Malaysia Airlines aircraft losses (The disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 and shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17)
 Potato Salad Kickstarter
 Gamergate controversy
 The Chase Bank, Home Depot, and Sony data breaches
 Tracy Morgan's traffic accident and subsequent lawsuit against Walmart
 The Washington Redskins change their logo
 Malala Yousafzai winning a 2014 Nobel Peace Prize
 The discovery of Dreadnoughtus schrani, believed to be the largest dinosaur ever to exist
 Star Wars: The Force Awakens announcement
 Janet Yellen becomes Chairwoman of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors
 The racist comments made by Donald Sterling, and the ensuing controversy
2020 You've Got to Go (2020) 
This is an original song. Notable events mentioned include: 
 Billie Eilish winning at the Grammys
 Parasite winning an Academy Award
 Brexit
 Donald Trump getting impeached
 The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns
 The usage of face masks
 The use of "Karen" as an insult
 The use of hand sanitizer during the pandemic
 The closing of barber shops during the pandemic, resulting in "pandemic hair"
 Panic buying of toilet paper during the pandemic
 The use of the app Zoom to communicate during the pandemic
 The closing of movie theaters during the pandemic, resulting in the rise of streaming service
 The killing of George Floyd and subsequent unrest
 Donald Trump's tweets
 Sweatpants
 Tiger King
 The murder hornet scare
 The rise of Tik Tok and Donald Trump's attempt to ban the service
 Jeff Bezos being rich
 Sports events held in empty stadiums due to the pandemic
 LeBron James wins his fourth NBA championship
The deaths of Kobe Bryant, Chadwick Boseman, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg, among others
 Incidents during the 2020 United States presidential election, including Donald Trump interrupting Joe Biden and a fly landing on Mike Pence
 The delay of the final results of the election, due to mail-in voting caused by the pandemic
 Joe Biden defeating Donald Trump in the election, and Trump's accusitions of voting fraud and attempts to overturn the election in favor of Trump
 US West Coast fires
 The failing economy caused by the pandemic
References

American websites
1999 establishments in California
Jewish ethics refers to the philosophical tradition of ethics in Judaism. 

Like other types of laws and values in other religions, the subject of Jewish ethics tries to provide answers for many moral questions. It has gone through major changes over the past 2000 years. The halakha addresses many problems that are related to all kinds of ethics.

Related pages
Ethics
Virtue

Other websites

Jewish Ethics (topic)  at My Jewish Learning
Society of Jewish Ethics
Jewish Bioethics, from Jerusalem's Darche Noam Educational Institute 
Bioethics for clinicians: Jewish bioethics - Canadian Medical Association Journal article
Jewish Encyclopedia entry on ethics
Judaism: Issues in Jewish Ethics at the Jewish Virtual Library

Judaism
Religious ethics
Lancaster University is a British university in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It consistently rated among the top universities in the United Kingdom for research and teaching. It is ranked in the top one percent of universities in the world. All students are a member of a college. There are eight undergraduate colleges and a ninth college for postgraduates.

Universities in England
City of Lancaster
The Jewish belief of Jews as a chosen people is that Jews are the chosen people of God. Some Jews believe that God has given them a special job to repair the world and make it a better place. According to this view, they must use the things in the world to increase good and come closer to God, and as God’s partner in repairing the world – to find ways to lessen suffering of people and animals, to make more peace and respect between people, and to protect the earth’s environment from destruction. This process is known as “tikkun olam” (from Hebrew) – repairing the world.

From the Bible
This origin of the idea in the Torah (the first five books of the Tanakh, which are also included in the Christian Bible). Much is written about these topics in rabbinic literature:
According to Judaism, God made an agreement called a “covenant” with Abraham, the ancestor of the Jewish people. The Bible says that God promised to bless Abraham and his descendants if they worshipped God and were faithful to him. God made this covenant with Abraham's son, Isaac, and with Isaac's son, Jacob. God also gave Jacob another name – Israel. This is how Jacob’s descendants got the name the “Children of Israel” or “Israelites.” The Jewish religion, God later gave the Israelites the Torah to the Israelites through their leader, Moses. The Torah told the Israelites how to live and build their community. God gave the Israelites the Ten Commandments and other laws in the Torah.

Interpretations
Modern views
The idea of chosenness has traditionally been interpreted by Jews in two ways: one way is that God chose the Israelites, while the other is that the Israelites chose God. Another opinion is that even though the Jews chose to follow God, the Kabbalah and Tanya teach that even prior to creation, the "Jewish soul" was already chosen. However, Jews do not believe that being a member of the Chosen People gives them any special talents or makes them better than anyone else, and many of whose who are considered "Jewish" (especially secular/(non-religious ones) do not believe they are "Chosen" in any way at all. 

Jews generally do not try to convince other people to believe in Judaism. Jews believe they have a special job to show all peoples that God exists, but people do not have to be Jewish to follow God. All people can serve God by following the Seven Commandments (rules) given to Noah. But, Judaism accepts people who choose to change their religion to Judaism.
From other religions
The Jewish people have a special status in the Islamic book, the Quran:
O children of Israel, remember my favor which I bestowed upon you, and that I favored you above all creation. (Qur'an 2:47). 2:122).

Many Christians also believe that the Jews were God's chosen people (), but because of Jewish rejection of Jesus, the Christians in turn received that special status (). This doctrine is known as Supersessionism.

References

Other websites
The Contemporary Rivalry over the Chosen People: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Perspectives - Avi Beker at the Institute for Global Jewish Affairs
Chosen people at the Jewish Encyclopedia
The Jewish concept of chosenness 
The Chosen People FAQs
How does Jewish Pride differ from Nazi Supremacy?, Rabbi Tzvi Freeman

Judaism
The Musar movement is a Jewish ethical, educational and cultural movement. It developed in the 19th century in Eastern Europe, particularly among Orthodox Lithuanian Jews.

The Hebrew term Musar (), is from the book of Proverbs 1:2. It means moral conduct, instruction or discipline. The movement made important contributions to Jewish ethics and Musar literature.

Jewish culture
History of Lithuania
Carter Hutton (born December 19, 1985, in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender that is currently signed to the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Before he played in the AHL and NHL, Hutton played 4 seasons in the University of Massachusetts Lowell with the River Hawks. He has also played in the AHL with the Adirondack Phantoms for 4 games and the Worcester Sharks for 22 games.

On August 1, 2011, the Rockford IceHogs signed Hutton as an unrestricted free agent. He was called up by the Blackhawks to replace Ray Emery who was out with an illness and played his first game in the NHL on March 26, 2012. On July 5, 2013, Hutton signed a one-year, two-way contract worth $550,000 with the Nashville Predators.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1985 births
Adirondack Phantoms players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Nashville Predators players
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Worcester Sharks players
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
Ketuvim (in Biblical Hebrew:  "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). It includes: 

Tehillim – Psalms

Mishlei – Proverbs

Iyyov – Job

Shir Hashirim – Song of Songs

Rut – Ruth

Eikha – Lamentations

Kohelet – Ecclesiastes

Ester – Esther

Daniyel – Daniel

Ezra-Nechemya – Ezra-Nehemiah

Divrei Hayamim - Chronicles I and II

Other websites
David Betesh and the Sephardic Pizmonim Project - Syrian melodies (all books)
Leining Master (Ashkenazi melodies for five megillot).
"Potpourri for Purim"  Melodies for Megillat Ester in several traditions
The crest, in some cases called a crown, of a bird, is a group of feathers that some species of birds have on top of the head. The feathers of these crests can move up and down or be permanently up, depending of the species. For example, the crests of cockatoos and the hoopoe could be up or down but the feathers in the crest of the grey crowned crane are always up.

Crests on birds are generally used for display purposes. Birds with crests often use them to communicate with others and as a part of their courtship. They also tend to display their crests when they are frightened or ready to fight because the birds may appear larger than they really are.
Cockatoos and their smaller cousins, cockatiels, are part of the Cacatuidae family of parrots found in Australia, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Philippines, and are probably the most recognizable birds to feature crests.  Cockatoos and cockatiels possess crests which may be raised or lowered at will. Their crests are used to communicate with fellow members of their species, or as a form of defense to frighten away other species that approach too closely, making the bird appear larger when the crest is suddenly and unexpectedly raised.

Gallery of birds with crest

Related pages
 Feather

References

Feathers
Birds
The Hebrew term Chumash (also Ḥumash, ) is a term for Torah in printed form, unlike the Torah scroll.

The word comes from the Hebrew word for five,  (). A more formal term is Ḥamishah Ḥumshei Torah, meaning "five fifths of Torah". It is a Hebrew name for the Five Books of Moses, also known by the Latinised Greek term Pentateuch in common printed editions. The five books are: Beraishis (Genesis), Shemot (Exodus), Vayikra (Leviticus), Bamidbar (Numbers), and Devarim (Deuteronomy).

Other websites
 Chumash on Judaism 101
 Chumash (5 Books Of Moses) on Judaism.com
 Torah Summary & Analysis

Judaism
Bible
James Eubert Holshouser, Jr. (October 8, 1934 – June 17, 2013) was the Governor of the state of North Carolina from 1973 to 1977 for the Republican.

Holshouser was born on October 8, 1934 in Boone, North Carolina. He studied at Davidson College. Holshouser  was married to Patricia Ann Hollingsworth  until his death in 2013. They had no children. Holshouser died on June 17, 2013 in Pinehurst, North Carolina, aged 78.

References

Other websites
Biographical Timeline 
Oral History Interviews with James E. Holshouser Jr. , , ,  from Oral Histories of the American South

1934 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in North Carolina
Governors of North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan is an Indian movie actor.  He has been in over 200 Indian movies in more than forty years. Bachchan is widely thought of as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.

Bachchan has won many major awards in his career. His awards include three National Film Awards as Best Actor and fourteen Filmfare Awards. 

Bachchan made his Hollywood debut in 2013 with The Great Gatsby.

References

Further reading
 Mazumdar, Ranjani. Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007

Other websites

 Amitabh Bachchan's official blog
 

1942 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian movie producers
Indian voice actors
Bollywood playback singers
Game show hosts
Peride Celal Yönsel (June 10, 1916 – June 15, 2013), commonly known as Peride Celal or Peride Celâl was a Turkish novelist and story-writer.

Celal was born in İstanbul, Ottoman Empire on June 10, 1916. She completed her high school education in Samsun and at the French curriculum Lycée Saint Pulchérie in İstanbul. Celal spent most of her childhood in Anatolia. She had one daughter, Zeynep Ergun.

Peride Celal died on June 15, 2013, but it was announced two days later by her family.

In 1977, she was honored for her novel Üç Yirmi Dört Saat with the Turkish Sedat Simavi Literature Award along with Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca. The 1991 Orhan Kemal Novel Prize was bestowed on Peride Celal for her novel Kurtlar.

In 1996, Selim İleri published a book titled Present to Peride Celal (Peride Celal’e Armağan) edited by 19 Turkish authors.

References

Other websites

1916 births
2013 deaths
Turkish novelists
Turkish poets
Writers from Istanbul
André Bourvil was a French actor and singer.  He was born with the name André Robert Raimbourg. He is best known for his roles in comedy movies.  He worked with Louis de Funès in the movies Le Corniaud (1965) and La Grande Vadrouille (1966). 

He won a Special Diploma at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.

References

1917 births
1970 deaths
Deaths from bone cancer
French movie actors
French comedians
Monster on the Campus is 1958 sci fi horror movie. It was directed by Jack Arnold. The  screenplay was written by David Duncan. The story is about a professor (Arthur Franz) who terrorizes a college campus when he is turned into a Neanderthal monster after coming into contact with the irradiated blood of a coelacanth. Troy Donahue appears as college student Jimmy Flanders. Nancy Walters plays his girlfriend.

Other websites
 
 

1958 science fiction movies
1950s horror movies
American science fiction horror movies
Mad scientist movies
Monster movies
1950s English-language movies
Claudia Cardinale is an Italian actress.  She was in some of the most famous European movies of the 1960s and 1970s. Most of Cardinale's movies have been Italian or French.

Cardinale has been honoured at nearly every major movie festival. She has been given lifetime achievement awards from festivals in Canada, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Armenia, Russia, Bulgaria, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Australia, the UK and US. The Los Angeles Times Magazine named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in movie history.

References

1938 births
Living people
Italian movie actors
Lara-El (née Lara Lor-Van) is a fictional character who appears in Superman comics published by DC Comics. Lara is the biological mother of Superman, and the wife of scientist Jor-El. Lara was played by Ayelet Zurer in the 2013 Superman movie Man of Steel. 

Kryptonians
Superman
Jacques Dominique Wilkins (born January 12, 1960) is an American former basketball player. He played for the Boston Celtics and Atlanta Hawks in the NBA. Wilkins was born in Paris, France. He was raised in North Carolina.

References

Sportspeople from North Carolina
American basketball players
1960 births
Living people
Boston Celtics players
Atlanta Hawks players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
The Monolith Monsters is a 1957 sci fi horror movie.  It was directed by John Sherwood and stars Grant Williams and Lola Albright.  It was based on a short story by Jack Arnold and Robert M. Fresco. Fresco and Norman Jolley wrote the screenplay. Troy Donahue and The Donna Reed Show regular Paul Petersen have uncredited roles.

Story
A meteor crashes near the desert town of San Angelo. Fragments are scattered everywhere. They grow into skyscraper-sized monoliths. These monsters fall and shatter into thousands of pieces that grow into monoliths themselves. People are crushed or turned into statues.

Other websites

 
Movie review at Rotten Tomatoes
Review of The Monolith Monsters

1957 horror movies
1957 science fiction movies
American science fiction horror movies
American monster movies
1950s English-language movies
Anthony Kirby Puckett (more often known simply as Kirby Puckett; March 14, 1960 - March 6, 2006) was an American baseball player. He was born in Chicago. He played for the Minnesota Twins from 1984 to 1995. He had many home run hits and doubles. He retired because of bad vision in one eye. Kirby died on March 6, 2006 in Phoenix, Arizona from a hemorrhagic stroke.

Sportspeople from Chicago
1960 births
2006 deaths
Minnesota Twins players
Deaths from stroke
Dorothy Stratten (or Dorothy Ruth Hoogstraten; February 28, 1960 - August 14, 1980) was a Canadian model and actress. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She later moved to Los Angeles. She appeared in three comedy movies and several television series. She was also Playboy Playmate of the Month in August 1979 and Playmate of the Year in 1980. Stratten was shot dead in Los Angeles by her estranged husband Paul Snider, who committed suicide the same day.

References

Other websites 

1960 births
1980 deaths
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian models
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Murder-suicides in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
Astrodynamics is a part of physics that deals with movement in space. It is a branch of mechanics dealing with orbits. It is related to celestial mechanics.

Other websites
Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research

Subfields of physics
Theory of the Earth was a publication by James Hutton which laid the foundations for geology. In it he showed that the Earth is the product of natural forces. What could be seen happening today, over long periods of time, could produce what we see in the rocks. This idea, uniformitarianism, was a major step in the History of the geologic time scale. It was used by Charles Lyell in his work, and Lyell's textbook was an important influence on Charles Darwin.

Hutton recognized that rocks record the evidence of the past action of processes which still operate today. He also anticipated natural selection, as follows:

"Those which depart most from the best adapted constitution, will be the most liable to perish, while, on the other hand, those organised bodies, which most approach to the best constitution for the present circumstances, will be best adapted to continue, in preserving themselves and multiplying the individuals of their race".
Hutton's prose hindered his theories.  John Playfair in 1802 restated of Huttton's geological ideas in clearer English. However, he left out Hutton's thoughts on evolution. Charles Lyell in the 1830s popularised the idea of an infinitely repeating cycle (of the erosion of rocks and the building up of sediment). Lyell believed in gradual change, and thought even Hutton gave too much credit to catastrophic changes.

Hutton's work was published in different forms and stages:
1788. Theory of the Earth; or an investigation of the laws observable in the composition, dissolution, and restoration of land upon the Globe. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 1, Part 2, pp. 209–304.
1795. Theory of the Earth; with proofs and illustrations. 2 vols, Edinburgh: Creech. 
1899. Theory of the Earth; with proofs and illustrations, vol III. Edited by Sir Archibald Geikie. Geological Society, Burlington House, London.

References 

Science books
Geology
1780s books
The movie Kill Your Darlings is a 2013 historic drama set in 1944. The cast includes Daniel Radcliffe as Allen Ginsberg, Jennifer Jason Leigh as Naomi and Kyra Sedgwick as Marian Carr. This movie got very positive reviews from the critics.

2013 drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
The accusative case is the grammatical case which marks the direct object of a transitive verb. This is best explained with examples:

Forms 
In the sentence "He sees the woman", "he" is the subject of the sentence. In the sentence "The woman sees him", "him" is the object.

English 
So, in English we use different forms of the pronoun: he/him. "Him" would be the accusative case. If we use a noun, there is no difference in English. We use the same word "man": The man sees the woman and The woman sees the man. 

In many languages different forms of the word are used, depending on what function it has in the sentence - subject or object.
Latin 
For example, in Latin. "The man sees the woman" = "Vir feminam videt", while "The woman sees the man" = "Femina virum videt". For "man", Latin uses "vir" for the subject, and "virum" for the object. Also, in the same sentences, we have "femina" for a subject and "feminam" for object. The form used for the direct object ("him", "virum", "feminam") is known as the "accusative case", while the form used for the subject ("he", "vir", "femina") is known as the nominative case.

German 
In some languages, like German, the accusative case is applied to the definite article and not to the noun. In German, "the car" as the subject of a sentence may be "der Wagen". This is the form in the nominative case. When "the car" is used as the object in a sentence, it becomes "den Wagen", the accusative.

Grammar
Elizabeth Chase Olsen (born February 16, 1989) is an American actress. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the younger sister of the actresses Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. She is most known for her role as the Marvel Comics character Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) in a post-credits scene, Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). She then reprised her role in the Disney+ miniseries WandaVision (2021), Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) in a post-credits scene, and in the movie Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022).
Early life and education 
Elizabeth Chase Olsen was born on February 16, 1989, in Sherman Oaks, California. Her mother, Jarnie, is a former dancer, while her father, Dave, is a real estate agent. She is the younger sister of twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who became television and film actresses as children. Olsen also has an older brother, a younger half-brother, and a younger half-sister. Her parents divorced in 1996.
Olsen began acting when she was four years old, appearing in Mary-Kate and Ashley's projects, including the 1994 television film How the West Was Fun and the straight-to-video series The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley. As a child, she took acting classes and spent time at musical theatre camp. Olsen nearly quit pursuing acting in 2004 due to the media attention toward Mary-Kate's eating disorder. She went to Campbell Hall School in Studio City, California. Olsen attended New York University (NYU)'s Tisch School of the Arts, during which she took classes at Atlantic Theater Company and spent a semester at the Moscow Art Theatre School in Russia. She attained understudy roles in the 2008 off-Broadway production of the play Dust and the 2009 Broadway production of the play Impressionism, which led to her securing an agent. Olsen graduated from NYU in January 2013.
Career

Early roles and acclaim (2011–2014) 
Olsen made her film debut in the 2011 thriller film Martha Marcy May Marlene. The film, along with her performance, received critical acclaim following its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival. Olsen earned several award nominations for her portrayal of the titular Martha, a young woman suffering from delusions after fleeing her life in a cult and returning to her family, including those for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead. She attributed her interest in the character to her own fascination with mental illnesses. Olsen next appeared in the horror film Silent House, which garnered her "rave reviews". Despite premiering at the Sundance Film Festival alongside Martha Marcy May Marlene, it was released in 2012, during which she also starred in the thriller Red Lights and the comedy Liberal Arts.
In January 2013, Olsen garnered a nomination for the BAFTA Rising Star Award at the 66th British Academy Film Awards. She played Edie Parker, novelist Jack Kerouac's first wife and the author of the Beat Generation memoir You'll Be Okay, in the biographical drama Kill Your Darlings. She appeared in the American remake of the 2003 South Korean film Oldboy, playing Marie Sebastian, a nurse who helps the protagonist, played by Josh Brolin, find his daughter. That same year, she starred as the titular Juliet in an off-Broadway production of the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. The New York Times critic Ben Brantley described her portrayal as "an open book, and a slim volume, alternating between saucy petulance and hysteria". She played the leading role in In Secret, a film adaptation of Émile Zola's 1867 novel Thérèse Raquin. The film was released in February 2014
. Later that year, Olsen starred in the monster film Godzilla, opposite Bryan Cranston and Aaron Taylor-Johnson, which received positive reviews and grossed $529 million against a $160 million production budget. She and Dakota Fanning co-starred as teenage girls in Brooklyn in the film Very Good Girls, released that same year, which Josh Duboff of Vanity Fair characterized as unfavorably reviewed.
Marvel Cinematic Universe and continued success (2015–present) 
Olsen starred in the 2015 superhero film Avengers: Age of Ultron, a sequel to The Avengers, joining the Marvel Cinematic Universe media franchise and rising to fame. In the film, she portrayed Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch, which marked the comic book character's film debut. She first appeared as the character in a post-credits scene of the 2014 film Captain America: The Winter Soldier, alongside Taylor-Johnson, who portrayed Scarlet Witch's brother, Pietro Maximoff / Quicksilver. Olsen played the part with an accent originating from a fictional country called Sokovia, which she described as similar to Slovakian. She reprised the role in Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019), the last of which became the second highest-grossing film of all time.
Olsen portrayed Audrey Williams, the wife, manager, and duet partner of singer Hank Williams, portrayed by Tom Hiddleston, in the 2015 biographical film I Saw the Light, directed by Marc Abraham. In 2017, she starred as a novice FBI agent in the mystery film Wind River and a social media influencer in the comedy-drama film Ingrid Goes West, both of which were released in August to critical praise. Vulture's David Edelstein found Olsen's "incongruously high-schoolish demeanor" in Wind River problematic, while Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote that she gave a "major eye-opener of a performance" in Ingrid Goes West, deeming it "toxic perfection". The following year, she appeared in the Netflix film Kodachrome, playing a caregiver to a photographer, played by Ed Harris. Olsen executive produced and starred as a young widow named Leigh Shaw in the Facebook Watch web television series Sorry for Your Loss, which premiered in September 2018
. She said the three years it took to develop the series enabled her to immerse herself in Shaw's impulses. Critics reviewed the series positively, and Olsen's performance, which earned her a nomination for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series, was noted as "stunning", "disciplined and sharp", as well as "slyly sympathetic". The series was canceled in January 2020 after two seasons.
Alongside Paul Bettany as Vision, Olsen played Scarlet Witch again in the superhero miniseries WandaVision, which premiered on Disney+ in January 2021. In addition to complimenting Olsen and Bettany's chemistry, critics praised the cast, with Vox's Alex Abad-Santos writing Olsen was brilliant in her portrayal and Linda Holmes of NPR highlighting her "indelible central performance" in their respective reviews. Olsen earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie and Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for her performance. She reprised the role in the film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, which was released in May 2022. She is set to star as Candy Montgomery in Love and Death, an HBO Max limited series about a 1980 Texas murder.
Personal life 
Olsen has been an atheist since the age of 13 because she believed that "religion should be about community and having a place to go in prayer, not something that should determine women's freedoms." She is an ambassador for the company Bobbi Brown Cosmetics. She and actor Boyd Holbrook were in a relationship from 2011 to 2014.
Olsen became engaged to musician Robbie Arnett, of the American band Milo Greene, in July 2019 after three years of dating but after a year of marriage they got a divorce and ended up with one of her good friends who do not know the name off but have the initials AM. Olsen revealed in June 2021 that the two had married. in her first public relationship she She also had a secret affair with a woman with the initials VB.

Acting credits

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

Actors from Los Angeles
1989 births
Living people
American atheists
American movie actors
American child actors
American television actors
Kikki Danielsson, born 10 May 1952, is a Swedish country, dansband and schlager singer. She participated at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1982 as a member of the group Chips and 1985, as a solo artist.

Solo discography

Solo albums
Rock'n Yodel (1979)
Just Like a Woman (1981)
Kikki (1982)
Varför är kärleken röd? (1983)
Singles Bar (1983)
Midnight Sunshine (1984)
Kikkis 15 bästa låtar (1984)
Bra vibrationer (1985)
Papaya Coconut (1986)
Min barndoms jular (1987)
Canzone d'Amore (1989)
På begäran (1990)
Vägen hem till dej (1991)
Jag ska aldrig lämna dig (1993)
100 % Kikki (2001)
Fri - En samling (2001)
Nu är det advent (2001)
I dag & i morgon (2006)
Kikkis bästa (2008)
Första dagen på resten av mitt liv (2011)
Postcard from a Painted Lady (2015)
Christmas Card from a Painted Lady (2016)
Portrait of a Painted Lady (2017)
Ängel med sorgkant (2022)

References

Other websites

1952 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Lotta Engberg (born 5 March 1963 in Överkalix,) is a Swedish dansband and schlager singer. She participated at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1987.

Discography

Solo albums
Fyra Bugg & en Coca Cola (1987)
Fyra Bugg & en Coca Cola och andra hits (2003)
Kvinna & man (Lotta Engberg & Jarl Carlsson, 2005)
Världens bästa lotta (2006)
Jul hos mig (2009)
 Lotta & Christer (2012, Lotta Engberg & Christer Sjögren)

References

Other websites

1963 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Elisabeth Andreassen (born 28 March 1958) is a Norwegian singer. She participated at the Eurovision Song Contest for Sweden in 1982, and for Norway in 1985 and 1996.

Discography

Solo albums
Angel of the Morning (1981)
I'm a Woman (1983)
Elisabeth Andreasson (1985)
Greatest Hits Vol. 2  (1985)
Greatest Hits  (1986)
Älskar, älskar ej (1988)
Elisabeth (1990)
Stemninger (1992 to 1994)
Julestemninger (1993)
Elisabeth Andreassens bästa 1981-1995 (1995)
Eternity  (1996)
Bettans jul (1996)
Så skimrande var aldrig havet (1997)
20 bästa (1998)
Kjærlighetsviser (2001)
A Couple of Days in Larsville (2004)
Short Stories (2005)
Spellemann (2009)
Julenatt (2009, Elisabeth Andreassen & Rein Alexander)
Kärleken & livet (2012)

Other websites

1958 births
Living people
Norwegian singers
County Cavan (in Gaelic, ) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Border Region as it is on the border with Northern Ireland. It is part of the province of Ulster. It is named after the town of Cavan. 73,183 people live in the county according to the 2011 census. Not many people live in the north-western area of the county as there are many mountains.

Cavan borders six other counties: Leitrim to the west, Fermanagh and Monaghan to the north, Meath to the south-east, Longford to the south-west and Westmeath to the south.

Main towns and villages

 Arvagh
 Bailieborough
 Ballinagh
 Ballyconnell
 Ballyhaise
 Ballyjamesduff
 Ballymagauran
 Bawnboy
 Belturbet
 Blacklion
 Butlersbridge
 Cavan
 Cootehill
 Crossdoney
 Dowra

 Glangevlin
 Kilcogy
 Killeshandra
 Kilnaleck
 Kingscourt
 Lough Gowna
 Mullagh
 Mountnugent
 Redhill
 Shercock
 Stradone
 Swanlinbar
Virginia
Largest Towns in County Cavan (2011 Census)
  Cavan = 10,205 
  Ballyjamesduff = 2,568 
  Bailieborough = 2,530 
  Kingscourt = 2,326 
  Virginia, County Cavan = 2,282

Geography

The county has a lot of countryside with many lakes and small hills called drumlins.  The highest point of the county is in the Breifne mountains, mount Cuilcagh at .

Cavan is known as 'The Lakeland County' and it is said it has 365 lakes, one for every day of the year. At , Lough Sheelin is the county's largest lake in the south of the county. A large area of lakes in the north and west of Cavan are marked as Specially Protected Areas (SPA), example of this being Lough Oughter. Other important wildlife protected lakes such as Lough Gowna and Lough Ramor are in the south and east of the county. The county contains forests such as Bellamont Forest near Cootehill, Killykeen Forest Park at Lough Oughter (a Coillte state forest), Dún na Rí Forest Park and the Burren Forest.
Many rivers in Ireland start in County Cavan. The Shannon Pot is the source of the River Shannon, the longest river in Ireland at . The River Erne is a major river which starts from Beaghy Lough south of Stradone in Cavan and flows for  to Lough Erne.

History
In medieval times, the area of Cavan was part of East Bréifne after its ruling Gaelic family. This in was a division of the 11th century Kingdom of Bréifne. For this reason the county is also sometimes known as the Breffni County. The natural landscape of drumlin hills and loughs made a good defence against invaders.

Historically, Cavan was part of the western province of Connacht, but was transferred to Ulster in 1584 when Bréifne was shired and became the county of Cavan. In the south, the Lough Sheelin area was part of Leinster until the late 14th century.
Parts of Cavan were under Norman influence from the twelfth century. The remains of several buildings from the time can still be seen at Castlerahan and Clogh Oughter castle. There are also some remains of early abbeys in the county, like at Drumlane and Trinity Island.

The Plantation of Ulster from 1610 saw the settlement and origins of several new towns within the county like Bailieborough, Cootehill, Killeshandra and Virginia. Existing towns such as Cavan and Belturbet became over time more important as trading centres. Wars aimed at trying to unsettle the Plantation only led to further plantations of English and Scottish settlers into the county and the beginnings of a thriving flax and linen industry.
Economy
Agriculture is the largest industry in the county, especially dairy milk processing as well as pig and beef farming. Much of Cavan's land is clay soils, which are rich in minerals, but heavy and poorly drained, making pasture farming the dominant farming system in the county. The total farmed area is  in the county, and there are approximately 219,568 cattle in Cavan.

Peat cutting exists in the northwest of the county, in the Cuilcagh range.

Cavan has expanded in other industries, mainly quarrying, energy production and manufacturing facilities.

Places of interest
 Magh Slécht
 Castle Saunderson
 Cabra Castle
 Cloughoughter Castle
 Drumlane Monastery

Natural Attractions
 Dún na Rí Forest Park
 Killykeen Forest Park
 Marble Arch Caves Global Geopark
 Lough Sheelin
 Cuilcagh
 Shannon-Erne Waterway

References

Other websites
Other websites

Cavan County Council
Cavan Heritage website
Cavan County Council Retail Strategy 2008–2014  
Development plans for County Cavan and Cavan Town and Environs 
Central Statistics Office statistics

 
Cavan
Elitserien (literally, the "Elite League") is the name of several Swedish sport leagues that cover the whole of Sweden. In most sports, Elitserien is the highest league, with the second highest  usually named Allsvenskan.

Elitserien leagues:
 Elitserien (badminton)
 Elitserien (bandy)
 Elitserien (baseball)
 Elitserien (chess)
 Elitserien (men's curling)
 Elitserien (women's curling)
 Elitserien (orienteering)
 Elitserien (men's rugby union)
 Elitserien (women's rugby union)
 Elitserien (speedway)
 Elitserien (tennis)
 Elitserien (men's volleyball)
 Elitserien (women's volleyball)
Leagues formerly named Elitserien:
 Elitserien (1927–35), the highest ice hockey league 1927–1935
 Swedish Hockey League, the highest ice hockey league, named Elitserien 1975–2013
 Swedish Super League (men's floorball), the highest men's floorball league, named Elitserien 1995–2007
 Swedish Super League (women's floorball), the highest women's floorball league, named Elitserien 1997–2012
 Elitserien (men's basketball), the highest men's basketball league 1954–1992, now Basketligan
 Elitserien (women's basketball), the highest women's basketball league 1957–2001, now Basketligan dam
 Elitserien (women's bandy)
 Elitserien (men's table tennis)
 Elitserien (women's table tennis)
 Handbollsligan, called Elitserien between 1990-2016
 Svensk handbollselit, called Elitserien between 1989-2016
Gyllene Tider is a pop band from the town of Halmstad in Sweden.

Discography 
 1978 Gyllene Tider EP (Gula EP-en)
 1980 Gyllene Tider LP
 1981 Moderna Tider
 1982 Puls
 1984 The Heartland Café
 1990 Parkliv!
 1996 Gyllene Tider EP ("Gå & fiska)
 1997 Återtåget Live! 
 2005 Finn 5 fel!
 2004 GT25 
 2013 Dags att tänka på refrängen

Other websites

Swedish pop music groups
Halmstad
1977 establishments in Sweden
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection is a book by R.A. Fisher first published in 1930 by Oxford University Press which combines Mendelian genetics with Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. It is one of the most important books of the modern evolutionary synthesis.

Editions 
A second, slightly revised edition was published in 1958. In 1999, a third variorum edition, with the original 1930 text, annotated with the 1958 alterations, notes and alterations accidentally omitted from the second edition was published.
Its significance 
When Fisher started his career, genetics was not a well-understood science. There were biologists who did not see how evolution by natural selection could happen with heredity as they understood it. The main effect of the book was to show the small changes in genes could indeed lead to the large changes seen in the fossil record. Fisher's second chapter, the Fundamental theory of natural selection, convinced most biologists that Darwin's idea and modern genetics were compatible (could work together). Fisher's view was reinforced by Julian Huxley, J.B.S. Haldane, Sewell Wright, Theodosius Dobzhansky, and G. Ledyard Stebbins. All of these men were in touch with genetics. With the addition of two field biologists, Ernst Mayr and Bernhard Rensch and a palaeontologist, George Simpson, the group put together the modern synthesis.
Fisher also developed ideas on sexual selection, mimicry and the evolution of dominance. He showed that mutations with big effects usually reduce the fitness of the individual. He also proved that larger populations carry more variation and have a greater chance of survival. He set the foundations for population genetics.

About a third of the book concerned the applications of genetics to humans. Using the British census data of 1911, he showed there was an inverse relationship between fertility and social class. This was partly due, he believed, to the rise in social status of families who were not capable of producing many children but who rose because of the financial advantage of having a small number of children. Therefore he suggested subsidies (he called them allowances) to families with larger numbers of children, with the allowances proportional to the earnings of the father. He himself had two sons and six daughters.
Reviews 
The book was reviewed, among others, by physicist Charles Galton Darwin, a grandson of Charles Darwin's. After his review, C.G. Darwin sent Fisher his copy of the book, with notes in the margin. The marginal notes became the food for a correspondence running at least three years.

Although Fisher's book was immediately understood by the few who understood genetics, it was a long time before the general biologist appreciated it. It is now agreed to be one of the foundations of modern population genetics and evolution.

Fisher's book also had a major influence on W.D. Hamilton and the development of his theories on the genetic basis for kin selection. Hamilton, a leading theoretician of the later 20th century, said:
"This is a book which, as a student, I weighed as of equal importance to the entire rest of my undergraduate Cambridge BA course... through the time I spent on it, I think it notched down my degree. Most chapters took me weeks, some months.
"For a book that I rate only second in importance in evolution theory to Darwin's Origin [and] its supplement The Descent of Man, [it is] undoubtedly one of the greatest books of the twentieth century...
"In some ways some of us have overtaken Fisher; in many, however, this brilliant, daring man is still far in front."

References 

Biology books
1930s books