Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Charles Pasqua (18 April 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a French businessman and Gaullist politician. He was Interior Minister from 1986 to 1988, under Jacques Chirac's cohabitation government, and also from 1993 to 1995, under the government of Édouard Balladur.

References 

1927 births
2015 deaths
Government ministers of France
Politicians from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
People from Alpes-Maritimes
Christopher Russell Edward (known as Chris Squire; 4 March 1948 – 27 June 2015) was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known as the bassist and founding member of the progressive rock band Yes. He was the only member to appear on each of their 21 studio albums, released from 1969 to 2014.

In May 2015, Squire announced a hiatus from Yes after he was diagnosed with acute erythroid leukemia. Squire died on 27 June at his home in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 67.

References

Other websites

1983 audio interview with Trevor Rabin, Alan White, Chris Squire, Jon Anderson, Rick Wakeman 

1948 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Arizona
Deaths from leukemia
English singer-songwriters
Singers from London
Musicians from Middlesex
Writers from Middlesex
The 2015 Clinton Correctional Facility escape took place on June 6, 2015, when two inmates were discovered missing during a 5:30 a.m. bed check at the maximum security Clinton Correctional Facility in New York. The inmates were Richard Matt and David Sweat. Both men had been convicted of murder. Nearly three weeks later, Matt was found at Malone, New York, where he was shot and killed. Two days after that, Sweat was shot in Constable, New York and taken into custody.

References

2015 crimes in the United States
2010s in New York (state)
Crime in New York (state)
The Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC;  ) is an annual political conference in National Harbor, Maryland attended by conservative activists and elected officials from across the United States.  CPAC is hosted by the American Conservative Union (ACU). More than 100 other organizations contribute in various ways.

In 2011, ACU took CPAC on the road with its first Regional CPAC in Orlando, Florida. Since then ACU has hosted regional CPACs in Chicago, Denver, St. Louis, and San Diego.

The conference was founded in 1973 by the American Conservative Union and Young Americans for Freedom as a small gathering of dedicated conservatives. Over the years it has grown to thousands of attendees annually. Roughly half of those in attendance in the past few years have been college-aged.
Speakers have included Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Pat Buchanan, Karl Rove, Newt Gingrich, Sarah Palin, Ron Paul, Mitt Romney, Tony Snow, Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh, Ann Coulter, Allen West, Michele Bachmann, and other conservative public figures. Before, during, and after his presidency, Ronald Reagan spoke at CPAC a total of 12 times. In 2017, President Donald Trump spoke at the event.

References

Other websites
 CPAC Official site
 Home page for the American Conservative Union, the organization that runs CPAC

Conservatism 
Republican Party (United States)
1973 establishments in the United States
These competitions include the Special Olympics World Games. These alternate between summer and winter games. Special Olympics World Games are held every four years. The most recent World Summer Games were the Special Olympics World Summer Games, held in Athens, Greece (The birthplace of the modern Olympic Games). They ran from June 25, 2011 to July 4, 2011. The next summer games will be held in Los Angeles beginning Saturday, July 25 and ending on August 2, 2015. The Flame of Hope is the symbol of the Special Olympics. It was lit on May 14, 2015 at the Pnyx in Athens, Greece. That began the  journey to the World Games. The torch remains lit until the end of the Games on August, 2.

Next Specialolympics will held in Canada in 2024 in winters

References 

Sports competitions
Silphium was a plant that was used in classical antiquity as a seasoning and as a medicine. It is also known as silphion, laserwort, or laser. It was the essential item of trade from the ancient North African city of Cyrene. Most of the coins from Cyrene show a picture of the plant. The valuable product was the plant's resin (called laser, laserpicium, or lasarpicium).

Silphium was an important species. The Egyptians and the Minoan civilization of Knossos used a special glyph in their writing for the silphium plant. It was used by most ancient Mediterranean cultures. The Romans considered it "worth its weight in denarii" (silver coins). Legend said that it was a gift from the god Apollo.
Which plant species silphium was is unclear. It is commonly believed to be a now-extinct plant of the genus Ferula.  The still-living plant species Ferula tingitana has been suggested as another possibility. Another resin from different Ferula species, asafoetida, was used as a cheaper substitute for silphium. Asafoetida is still available.

References

Further reading
 Herodotus. The Histories. II:161, 181, III:131, IV:150–65, 200–05.
 Pausanias. Description of Greece 3.16.1–3
 Pliny the Elder. Natural History. XIX:15 and XXII:100–06.
 
 Theophrastus. Enquiry into plants and minor works on odours and weather signs, with an English translation by Sir Arthur Hort, bart (1916). Volume 1 (Books I–V) and Volume 2 (Books VI–IX) Volume 2 includes the index, which lists silphium (Greek σιλϕιον) on page 476, column 2, 2nd entry.

Spices
Extinct plants
Medicinal plants
is a video game series developed and published by Capcom. The games have the player hunt monsters and build new weapons and armour.

List of games

Main Series
Monster Hunter
Monster Hunter 2
Monster Hunter Tri
Monster Hunter 4
Monster Hunter: World
Monster Hunter World: Icebone
Monster Hunter Rise

Freedom Series
Monster Hunter Freedom
Monster Hunter Freedom 2
Monster Hunter Freedom Unite
Monster Hunter Portable 3rd

Frontier series
Monster Hunter Frontier Online
Monster Hunter Frontier G

Stories Series
Monster Hunter Stories
Monster Hunter Stories 2: Wings of Run

Other series

Monster Hunter Generations
Monster Hunter Diary
Monster Hunter: Dynamic Hunting
Monster Hunter Orage
Monster Hunter (2020)

Other websites
 Monster Hunter official website for North America
 

Video game series
Streets of Rage is a beat 'em up video game. It was released in Japan as . The game was made and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis in 1991, for the Game Gear in 1992 and for the Master System in 1993.

It is the first game in the Streets of Rage series. It is followed by Streets of Rage 2 (released in 1992).

References 

Beat 'em ups
1991 video games
1992 video games
1993 video games
Sega Genesis games
Game Gear games
Master System games
Video games developed in Japan
Streets of Rage
Sega CD games
Streets of Rage 2 is a beat 'em up video game. It was released on the Sega Mega Drive in the year 1992. The game was released in Japan as . In Europe it was titled Streets of Rage II.  It is the second game in the Streets of Rage series. 
The game has been praised for its soundtrack. 

It is the second game in the Streets of Rage series. It is a sequel to Streets of Rage (released in 1991) and it is followed by Streets of Rage 3 (released in 1994).

References 

Beat 'em ups
1992 video games
Sega Genesis games
Master System games
Game Gear games
Video games developed in Japan
Video game sequels
Streets of Rage
Koska Helvacısı or simply Koska is the leading brand and trademark of helva (halva) and Turkish delight production in Turkey.

Name
Koska was a former quarter of Istanbul, near Laleli. The company takes its name from their old location at Koska. Helvacı means producer or seller of sweets in Turkish. "Koska Helvacısı", then, "Sweetshop of Koska".

History
Koska's origins go back to the city of Denizli in the early 1900s. It was founded by Hacı Emin Bey.

His son Halil İbrahim Adil Dindar came to Istanbul in 1931. He started a helva production and sale shop at Koska. In 1982, after the death of their father, the three Dindar brothers inherited the company and divided it into two. They made an agreement to continue to use the brand name of Koska, both of them independently. Nevzat and Mümtaz Dindar established "Merter Helva" under the brand name "Koska". Mahir Dindar established "Mahir Gıda" under the brand name "Koska Helvacısı". Thus both companies market(ed) their products using the traditional name "Koska".
At present
In 2011, Merter added a "nazar boncuğu" (traditional blue and white bead for good luck) image to its logo, with the aim of differentiating the two companies. This was criticised by Mahir Gıda as a violation of their agreement. They announced that no Koska product bore any signs like bugs, flowers or beads. In return, Merter announced that no Koska product without the image of the "Helvacı Dede" (Grandpa Helvacı) is genuine Koska.

Merter Helva drafted a "constitution" or agreement not to have similar divisions in the future. They also received a "kosher food" and a "halal food" certificate.

Both companies produce Turkish delight, fruit preserves and various other sweet confections. This is in addition to the traditional "helva".

References

Other websites

 Official internet page of "Koska Helvacısı" by Mahir Gıda
 Official internet page of "Koska" by Menter Helva

Candy
Companies of Turkey
The Miracle of Bern () is a 2003 movie directed by Sönke Wortmann. It tells the story of a German family (particularly of a young boy and his depressed ex-POW father). It is also about the unexpected West German miracle victory in the 1954 World Cup Final in Bern, Switzerland. The film is a portrait of post-war Germany. With over 6 million visitors, it is one of Germany's best-selling movies.

Plot 
In 1954, Richard (Peter Lohmeyer) returns to his German hometown after seven years as a prisoner of war (ww2). The years have caused some consequences, and he fails to relate to his family. Particularly he does not relate to his soccer-loving son, Matthias (Louis Klamroth). Meanwhile, a journalist (Lucas Gregorowicz) and his wife head to Bern, Switzerland, to write about the World Cup. The stories of these strangers converge when they arrive in Bern. There they witness an uplifting German performance in a game against Hungary.

References
References 

German drama movies
2003 drama movies
Movies set in Switzerland
Movies directed by Sönke Wortmann
Marujita Díaz (María del Dulce Nombre Díaz Ruiz; 27 April 1932 – 23 June 2015) was a Spanish singer and actress. She was born in Sevilla, Spain. Díaz was known for presenting the very popular show Música y estrellas.

Díaz died of respiratory failure caused by colon cancer in Madrid, aged 83.

References

Other websites
 

1932 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Spain
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from respiratory failure
Entertainers from Andalusia
People from Seville
Spanish movie actors
Spanish singers
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2015. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, cause of death, reference (must be added) are added.


July 2015
July 1 - Sir Nicholas Winton, 106, British humanitarian, organised rescue of 669 children from Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia, respiratory failure.
 July 1 - Czesław Olech, 84, Polish mathematician.
 July 1 - Val Doonican, 88, Irish singer and television presenter (The Val Doonican Show).
 July 2 - James C. Weaver, 70, American football player (Penn State) and coach (Iowa State), Virginia Tech Hokies Director of Athletics (1997-2014), Parkinson's disease.
 July 2 - Slavko Avsenik, 85, Slovenian composer and musician.
 July 2 - Jacobo Zabludovsky, 87, Mexican news anchor, stroke.
 July 2 - Charlie Sanders, 68, American Hall of Fame football player (Detroit Lions), cancer.
 July 3 - Phil Walsh, 55, Australian football player (Collingwood, Richmond, Brisbane Bears) and coach (Adelaide), stabbing.
 July 3 - Boyd K. Packer, 90, American apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve (since 2008).
July 3 - György Szabad, 90, Hungarian politician and historian, Speaker of the National Assembly (1990–1994).
 July 3 - John A. Williams, 89, American writer, Alzheimer's disease.
 July 3 - Peter Záboji, Hungarian investor and entrepreneur.
 July 3 - Diana Douglas, 92, Bermudian-born American actress (The Indian Fighter, Days of Our Lives, Planes, Trains and Automobiles), cancer.
 July 3 - Jacques Sernas, 89, Lithuanian-born French actor (Helen of Troy, The Dirty Game, Midas Run).
 July 4 - Nedelcho Beronov, 86, Bulgarian  jurist, right-wing politician and Constitutional Court chairman (2003-2006).
 July 4 - Alan Walton, 79, British biochemist and venture capitalist.
 July 4 - Scot Breithaupt, 57, American BMX cyclist. (body discovered on this date)
 July 4 - Carlo de Gavardo, 45, Chilean rally car and motorcycle racer, respiratory arrest. 
 July 5 - Yoichiro Nambu, 94, Japanese-born American physist, Nobel Prize laureate, heart attack.
July 5 - Sakari Momoi, 112, Japanese supercentenarian, world's oldest living man, kidney failure.
 July 6 - Jerry Weintraub, 77, American movie producer (Ocean's Eleven, Diner, The Karate Kid), chairman and CEO of United Artists, heart attack.
 July 7 - Maria Barroso, 90, Portuguese actress and politician, First Lady (1986-1996), complications from a fall.
 July 7 - Fons van Wissen, 82, Dutch footballer (PSV Eindhoven, national team).
 July 8 - Irwin Keyes, 63, American actor (House of 1000 Corpses, The Jeffersons, The Flintstones), acromegaly.
 July 8 - James Tate, 71, American Pulitzer Prize winning poet.
 July 8 - Yoash Tzidon, 88, Romanian-born Israeli politician.
 July 8 - Ken Stabler, 69, American football player (Oakland Raiders), colon cancer. 
 July 9 - Saud bin Faisal, 75, Saudi royal, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1975–2015), complications from Parkinson's disease.
 July 9 - Caspar Bowden, British privacy advocate and computer scientist, cancer. (death announced on this date)
July 9 - Jim Bede, 82, American aircraft designer, aneurysm.
 July 9 - Christian Audigier, 57, French fashion designer (Ed Hardy, Von Dutch), myelodysplastic syndrome. 
 July 10 - Jon Vickers, 88, Canadian heldentenor, Alzheimer's disease.
 July 10 - Omar Sharif, 83, Egyptian actor (Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago, Funny Girl), heart attack.
 July 10 - Roger Rees, 71, Welsh-born American actor (Cheers, Robin Hood: Men In Tights, The West Wing), Tony Award winner (1982), brain cancer.
 July 11 - James U. Cross, 90, American military pilot, aide and author, Brigadier general flew Air Force One during LBJ administration.
 July 11 - Giacomo Biffi, 87, Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal, Archbishop of Bologna (1984–2003).
 July 11 - Satoru Iwata, 55, Japanese businessman, president and CEO of Nintendo (since 2002), bile duct cancer.
 July 12 - Cheng Siwei, 80, Chinese economist, President of the China Democratic National Construction Association (1996-2007).
July 12 - Javier Krahe, 71, Spanish singer-songwriter, heart attack.
 July 12 - Tenzin Delek Rinpoche, 65, Chinese Tibetan Buddhist monk and political prisoner.
 July 13 - Philipp Mißfelder, 35, German politician, member of the Bundestag (since 2005), pulmonary embolism.
 July 13 - Arturo Paoli, 102, Italian priest and missionary.
 July 13 - Joan Sebastian, 64, Mexican singer and songwriter, bone cancer.
 July 14 - M. S. Viswanathan, 87, Indian music composer and film scorer, kidney cancer.
 July 14 - Olaf Pooley, 101, English actor (Doctor Who, Star Trek: Voyager, Sunday Night Theatre) and writer.
 July 15 - Wan Li, 98, Chinese politician, Chairman of the National People's Congress (1988–1993).
 July 15 - Fred Wendorf, 90, American archaeologist.
 July 16 - Alcides Ghiggia, 88, Uruguayan footballer, heart attack.
 July 16  - Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez, 24, Kuwaiti-born shooting suspect (2015 Chattanooga shootings), shot.
July 16 - Alan Kupperberg, 62, American comic book artist (The Amazing Spider-Man, Thor), thyroid cancer.
 July 17 - Jules Bianchi, 25, French Formula One driver, injuries sustained in competition collision.
 July 17 - John H. Gibbons, 86, American scientist, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1993-1998).
 July 17 - Van Miller, 87, American football announcer (Buffalo Bills).
 July 17 - John Taylor, 72, British jazz pianist, heart attack.
 July 17 - Owen Chadwick, 99, British rugby player, historian, and theologian.
 July 18 - Alex Rocco, 79, American actor (The Godfather, The Facts of Life, The Famous Teddy Z), cancer.
 July 18 - George Coe, 86, American actor (Kramer vs. Kramer, The Dove, Archer).
 July 19 - Galina Prozumenshchikova, 66, Russian Soviet-era swimmer, 1964 Olympic Champion.
 July 19 - Gennadiy Seleznyov, 67, Russian politician, Speaker of the Duma (1996–2003).
 July 19 - Carmino Ravosa, 85, American composer and lyricist.
July 19 - Van Alexander, 100, American big band leader, songwriter-arranger ("A-Tisket, A-Tasket"), television theme writer (I Dream of Jeannie, The Dean Martin Show) and movie scorer, heart failure.
 July 19 - Stellan Bojerud, 70, Swedish politician, MP for Dalarna (2012-2015).
 July 20 - Dieter Moebius, 71, Swiss-German electronic musician (Cluster, Harmonia).
 July 21 - Robert Broberg, 75, Swedish singer and songwriter, Parkinson's disease.
 July 21 - Dick Nanninga, 66, Dutch footballer (Roda JC Kerkrade, national team), complications from diabetes. (death announced on this date)
 July 21 - Theodore Bikel, 91, Austrian-born American actor (The Defiant Ones, My Fair Lady, Fiddler on the Roof), folk singer and composer.
 July 21 - Luiz Paulo Conde, 80, Brazilian politician and architect, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro (1997–2001).
 July 21 - E. L. Doctorow, 84, American author (Ragtime, Billy Bathgate, The March), complications from lung cancer.
July 22 - Christopher M. Fairman, 54, American legal scholar (Fuck: Word Taboo and Protecting Our First Amendment Liberties), cardiac arrest.
 July 22 - Eddie Hardin, 66, British rock musician (Spencer Davis Group) and singer-songwriter, heart attack.
 July 22 - Jeannette Cathy, 92, American philanthropist (WinShape Foundation), wife of S. Truett Cathy.
 July 23 - José Sazatornil, 89, Spanish actor (Espérame en el cielo), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
 July 24 - Peg Lynch, 98, American comedy writer and actress (Ethel and Albert).
 July 25 - R. S. Gavai, 86, Indian politician, Governor of Bihar (2006–2008), Kerala (2008–2011), member of the Rajya Sabha (20002006), MP for Amravati (1998).
 July 26 - Bobbi Kristina Brown, 22, American media personality and singer.
 July 26 - Leo Reise, Jr., 93, Canadian ice hockey player (Detroit Red Wings), lung cancer.
 July 26 - Ann Rule, 83, American true crime author (The Stranger Beside Me), heart failure.
July 26 - Vic Firth, 85, American musician and instruments manufacturing executive, pancreatic cancer.
 July 27 - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, 83, Indian scientist and politician, President (2002-2007), heart attack.
 July 27 - Samuel Pisar, 86, Polish-born American lawyer, writer and Holocaust survivor.
 July 28 - Edward Natapei, 61, Ni-Vanuatu politician, President (1999), Prime Minister (20012004, 20082009, 20092010, 2011), MP (19832008).
 July 28 - Jan Kulczyk, 65, Polish businessman (Kulczyk Investments), wealthiest person in Poland, complications of heart surgery.
 July 28 - David Faber, 86, Polish holocaust survivor and author (Because of Romek).
 July 29 - Sir Peter O'Sullevan, 97, Irish-born British horse racing commentator, cancer.
 July 30 - Yakub Memon, 53, Indian chartered accountant, convicted of financing the 1993 Bombay bombings, execution by hanging.
 July 30 - Lynn Anderson, 67, American country singer  ("(I Never Promised You a) Rose Garden"), heart attack.
July 30 - Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., 90, American businessman, cancer.
 July 30 - Alena Vrzáňová, 84, Czech figure skater, World champion (1949, 1950) and European champion (1950).
 July 31 - Billy Pierce, 88, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, San Francisco Giants), gallbladder cancer.
 July 31 - Howard W. Jones, 104, American physician, In vitro fertilisation pioneer, respiratory failure.
 July 31 - Richard Schweiker, 89, American politician, Secretary of Health and Human Services (1981–1983), Senator from Pennsylvania (1969–1981), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania's 13th district (1961–1969), infection.
 July 31 - Roddy Piper, 61, Canadian professional wrestler (WWE, NWA, WCW); Hall of Fame (2005, 2007) and actor (They Live, Hell Comes to Frogtown, Body Slam), cardiac arrest.
 July 31 - Alan Cheuse, 75, American writer and critic, subdural hematoma caused by a car crash.
Previous months
 January 2015
 February 2015
 March 2015
 April 2015
 May 2015
 June 2015

References

07
July 2015 events
Jackson Vroman (June 6, 1981 – June 29, 2015) was an American-born Lebanese professional basketball player. He was naturalized as a Lebanese citizen to play for the Lebanon national basketball team. He was the son of former NBA player Brett Vroman, who played briefly for the Utah Jazz in the 1980-81 NBA season.

Biography 
Vroman was born in Laguna, California. He studied at Snow Community College in Ephraim, Utah and Iowa State University.

Jackson was a second-round draft pick of the Chicago Bulls in the 2004 NBA Draft. He played for the Phoenix Suns and the New Orleans Hornets/New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets.

Vroman was found dead in a swimming pool at his home in Los Angeles County, California on June 29, 2015, aged 34. His drowning is thought to have been an accident.

References
References

1981 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths by drowning in the United States
Accidental deaths in California
New Orleans Hornets players
Phoenix Suns players
Lebanese sportspeople
Sportspeople from California
Sportspeople from Utah
The 2016 presidential campaign of Chris Christie, the 55th Governor of New Jersey, began on June 30, 2015 at an event in his hometown of Livingston, New Jersey. Christie was seen by many as a possible presidential candidate in the 2016 U.S. presidential race. He withdrew on February 10, 2016.

Background
In January 2015, Christie formed a PAC to see if running for president was a good idea. The campaign's headquarters is in Trenton, New Jersey.

References

Christie
Jaime José Nebot Saadi (born October 22, 1946) is an Ecuadorian politician. He was mayor of Guayaquil, which is Ecuador's largest city until 2019. Although he is a member of the Social Christian Party, he has distanced himself from it and now is more on running the city. Nebot twice ran unsuccessfully for President of Ecuador. He is considered as the protégé of former president León Febres-Cordero.

References

1946 births
Living people
Mayors of Guayaquil
Eddy Louiss (May 2, 1941 – June 30, 2015) was a French jazz musician. His primary instrument is the Hammond organ. As a vocalist, he was a member of Les Double Six of Paris from 1961 through 1963.

References

1941 births
2015 deaths
French jazz musicians
Musicians from Paris
Zvi Elpeleg (1926 – 27 June 2015) was a Polish-born Israeli academic, author, and a senior researcher at the Dayan Institute at Tel Aviv University. He born in Poland. Elpeleg served as a colonel in the Israeli army and later received an ambassadorial appointment.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Israeli colonels
Academics of Tel Aviv University
Ambassadors of Israel
Israeli Jewish scientists
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Polish Jews
Obergefell v. Hodges was a landmark decision United States Supreme Court case. The Court held that the recognition and provision of same-sex marriage is a fundamental right. They ruled it is guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Not one lawsuit 
The U.S. Supreme Court case, Obergefell v. Hodges, is not the result of one lawsuit. Instead, it is the result of a consolidation of six lower-court cases originally representing sixteen same-sex couples, seven of their children, a widower, an adoption agency, and a funeral director. The original cases hail from the four states of Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee. All six federal district courts ruled for the same-sex couples and other claimants. The lead plaintiff in the case was Jim Obergefell. He had challenged Ohio's ban on same-sex marriage. He filed the lawsuit because he could not put his name on his partner, John Arthur's death certificate. Ohio would not recognize their marriage in Maryland.
Decision 
The dissents in the Obergefell case argued that this decision was not based in law. Chief Justice Roberts, in his dissenting opinion, explained the Obergefell plaintiffs’ “‘fundamental right’ claim falls into the most sensitive category of constitutional adjudication.” The claim is not based on a right mentioned in the constitution. Instead, it was argued that it discrimination against “a right implied by the Fourteenth Amendment’s requirement that ‘liberty’ may not be deprived without ‘due process of law.’”

On June 26, 2015, Obergefell requires all states to issue a license to marry between all people of the same sex. It requires all states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions.

Notes

References 

 

2015 in the United States
United States law
LGBT rights in the United States
United States Supreme Court cases
Steven Scott Harwell (9 January 1967 – 4 September 2023) was an American singer who was the lead vocalist for the American band Smash Mouth. He died on 4 September 2023 due to liver failure.

1967 births
2023 deaths
American rock singers
Deaths from liver failure

References
Skate punk is a music genre related to punk rock music. It began on the West Coast. It is a popular music with skateboarders and their culture.

Skate punk means the sound of melodic hardcore bands from the 1990s with an aggressive sound, and similar sounding modern bands. Many bands classified as skate punk also fit into genres such as pop punk, melodic hardcore, thrashcore, metalcore, surf punk and crossover thrash.

Skate videos use this aggressive style of punk rock for their background music. This played a big part in the coining of the term "skate punk".
Skate punk is now popular in other parts of the world, including a large punk group in Oxnard, California.

References 

Punk rock
Skateboarding
Pat Toomey (born November 17, 1961) is an American politician. On January 3, 2011, he became the junior U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005. He retired from the Senate in 2023.

On October 4, 2020, Toomey announced that he will not run for re-election to a third term in 2022 or for Governor.

Toomey was born on November 17, 1961 in Providence, Rhode Island. He graduated from the Harvard University. He is married to Kris Toomey. They have three children.

On February 13, 2021 Toomey voted that no longer Republican President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. He and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

References

Other websites
Other websites

United States senators from Pennsylvania
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Harvard University alumni
1961 births
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
Pennsylvania Republicans
Businesspeople from Rhode Island
Politicians from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
Fundamental rights are a set of rights that are recognized under the laws of a country to protect their citizens. 
These laws protect these rights even from the governments themselves. These protected rights include the right to life, right to freedom, and the right to free will. Other generally agreed upon examples of fundamental rights include freedom of religion, the right to free speech, the right to travel and the pursuit of Happiness. Fundamental rights are different from human rights. Fundamental rights are those protected by laws of a jurisdiction. Human rights are usually not enforceable by courts. Sometimes fundamental needs are associated with the concept of maslowism.

Related pages 
 Rights
 Human rights
 Natural rights (also called unalienable rights)
 Constitution

References 

Rights
Jon Heidenreich is an American retired wrestler. He is best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment.

Prior to professional wrestling, Heidenreich played American football. He played in the Canadian Football League for the Shreveport Pirates. He also played for the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europa in 1997.

References

1969 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
American football players
Shelley Moore Capito (born November 26, 1953) is an American politician. On January 3, 2015, she became the junior U.S. Senator from West Virginia. She was in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2015. She was in the West Virginia state legislature from 1996 to 2000.

Capito was born on November 26, 1953 in Glen Dale, West Virginia. Her father was former Governor of West Virginia Arch A. Moore, Jr.. She was educated at the Holton-Arms School, Duke University, and the University of Virginia. She is married to Charles Capito. They have three children.

References

Other websites

1953 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
United States representatives from West Virginia
United States senators from West Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Bill Cassidy (born September 28, 1957) is an American politician. On January 3, 2015, he became the junior U.S. Senator from Louisiana. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 2009 to 2015. He was in the Louisiana Senate from 2006 to 2009.

Cassidy was born on November 17, 1961 in Highland Park, Illinois. He graduated from the Louisiana State University and A&M College. He is married to Laura Layden. They have three children.

On February 13, 2021 Cassidy voted that Republican President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. He and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

References

Other websites

1957 births
Living people
American physicians
United States representatives from Louisiana
United States senators from Louisiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Highland Park, Illinois
Kelly Ann Ayotte (born June 28, 1968) is an American politician. From 2011 to 2017 she was the junior U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. She was Attorney General of New Hampshire from 2004 to 2009.

During the 2016 New Hampshire senate elections, Ayotte narrowly lost her seat to Governor Maggie Hassan by less than 720 votes.

In July 2023, Ayotte announced her campaign for Governor of New Hampshire in the 2024 election.

Ayotte was born on June 28, 1968 in Nashua, New Hampshire. She graduated from the Pennsylvania State University. Ayotte later graduated from Villanova University School of Law. She married Joseph Daley in 2001. They have two children.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
Lawyers from New Hampshire
United States senators from New Hampshire
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Nashua, New Hampshire
Businesspeople from New Hampshire
"Mr. Roboto" is a 1983 song by American rock band Styx and taken from their 11th studio album Kilroy Was Here. It went to number 1 in Canada and number 3 in the United States.

References

1983 songs
Styx songs
Progressive pop songs
Synth-pop songs
There are 2 arrondissements in the Lozère department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Lozère are:

History
Since its creation, the Pyrénées-Orientales department, first with the name of Roussillon, has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Mende, Marvejols, Florac, Langogne, Villefort, Meyrueis, Saint-Chély); the capital was Mende alternating with Marvejois. In that same year, Mende remain as the only capital.
 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Mende, Florac and Marvejols.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Marvejols was eliminated.
Related pages
Arrondissement of Florac
Arrondissement of Mende
List of arrondissements of France

References

Lozere
Bob Corker (born August 24, 1952) is an American politician. From 2007 to 2019, he was the U.S. Senator from Tennessee. From 2001 to 2005, he was Mayor of Chattanooga.

Corker was born on August 24, 1952 in Orangeburg, South Carolina. He graduated from the University of Tennessee. He and his wife Elizabeth have two daughters.

On September 26, 2017, Corker announced that he would not run for re-election in 2018.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Tennessee
American mayors
1952 births
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from South Carolina
The arrondissement of Florac is an arrondissement of France; it is part of the Lozère département in the Occitanie region.

History
When the Lozère department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Florac was part of that original department.

Geography
It is the smallest and southernmost of the two arrondissements of the department, with an area of . It has 13,313 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km²

The arrondissement is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Mende, to the east and south by the Gard department, and to the west by the Aveyron department.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

In the arrondissement of Florac, there are 2 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement: Le Collet-de-Dèze and Florac. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:
Communes
The arrondissement of Florac has 44 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Barre-des-Cévennes (48019)
 Bassurels (48020)
 Bédouès-Cocurès (48050)
 Les Bondons (48028)
 Cans-et-Cévennes (48166)
 Cassagnas (48036)
 Le Collet-de-Dèze (48051)
 Florac Trois Rivières (48061)
 Fraissinet-de-Fourques (48065)
 Gabriac (48067)
 Gatuzières (48069)
 Hures-la-Parade (48074)
 Ispagnac (48075)
 La Malène (48088)
 Mas-Saint-Chély (48141)
 Le Massegros (48094)
 Meyrueis (48096)
 Moissac-Vallée-Française (48097)
 Molezon (48098)
 Montbrun (48101)
 Le Pompidou (48115)
 Pont-de-Montvert-Sud-Mont-Lozère (48116)
 Quézac (48122)
 Le Recoux (48125)
 Rousses (48130)
 Le Rozier (48131)
 Saint-André-de-Lancize (48136)
 Sainte-Croix-Vallée-Française (48144)
 Sainte-Enimie (48146)
 Saint-Étienne-Vallée-Française (48148)
 Saint-Georges-de-Lévéjac (48154)
 Saint-Germain-de-Calberte (48155)
 Saint-Hilaire-de-Lavit (48158)
 Saint-Julien-des-Points (48163)
 Saint-Martin-de-Boubaux (48170)
 Saint-Martin-de-Lansuscle (48171)
 Saint-Michel-de-Dèze (48173)
 Saint-Pierre-des-Tripiers (48176)
Saint-Privat-de-Vallongue (48178)
 Saint-Rome-de-Dolan (48180)
 Vebron (48193)
 Ventalon-en-Cévennes (48152)
 Vialas (48194)
 Les Vignes (48195)
There is only a town with more than 1,000 inhabitants, and it is the subprefecture, Florac Trois Rivières, with 2,107 inhabitants.

Related pages
Arrondissements of the Lozère department
Arrondissement of Mende
List of arrondissements of France

References

Florac
The arrondissement of Mende is an arrondissement of France; it is part of the Lozère département in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Mende.

History
When the Lozère department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Mende was part of that original department.

Geography
It is the largest arrondissement of the department, with an area of . It has a population of 63,047 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

The arrondissement covers the northern part of the department and is bordered by the Cantal department to the northwest, the Haute-Loire department to the northeast), by the Ardeche department to the east, by the arrondissement of Florac to the south and by the Aveyron department to the west.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Mende, there are 9 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:

Communes
The arrondissement of Mende has 132 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Albaret-le-Comtal (48001)
 Albaret-Sainte-Marie (48002)
 Allenc (48003)
 Altier (48004)
 Antrenas (48005)
 Arzenc-d'Apcher (48007)
 Arzenc-de-Randon (48008)
 Aumont-Aubrac (48009)
 Auroux (48010)
 Badaroux (48013)
 Bagnols-les-Bains (48014)
 Balsièges (48016)
 Banassac-Canilhac (48017)
 Barjac (48018)
 La Bastide-Puylaurent (48021)
 Belvezet (48023)
 Les Bessons (48025)
 Blavignac (48026)
 Le Bleymard (48027)
 Le Born (48029)
 Bourgs-sur-Colagne (48099)
 Brenoux (48030)
 Brion (48031)
 Le Buisson (48032)
 La Canourgue (48034)
 Chadenet (48037)
 Chambon-le-Château (48038)
 Chanac (48039)
 Chasseradès (48040)
 Chastanier (48041)
 Chastel-Nouvel (48042)
 Châteauneuf-de-Randon (48043)
 Chauchailles (48044)
 Chaudeyrac (48045)
 Chaulhac (48046)
 La Chaze-de-Peyre (48047)
 Cheylard-l'Évêque (48048)
 Cubières (48053)
 Cubiérettes (48054)
 Cultures (48055)
 Esclanèdes (48056)
 Estables (48057)
 La Fage-Montivernoux (48058)
 La Fage-Saint-Julien (48059)
 Fau-de-Peyre (48060)
 Fontans (48063)
 Fournels (48064)
Fournels (48064)
 Gabrias (48068)
 Grandrieu (48070)
 Grandvals (48071)
 Grèzes (48072)
 Les Hermaux (48073)
 Javols (48076)
 Julianges (48077)
 Lachamp (48078)
 Lajo (48079)
 Langogne (48080)
 Lanuéjols (48081)
 Laubert (48082)
 Les Laubies (48083)
 Laval-Atger (48084)
 Laval-du-Tarn (48085)
 Luc (48086)
 Malbouzon (48087)
 Le Malzieu-Forain (48089)
 Le Malzieu-Ville (48090)
 Marchastel (48091)
 Marvejols (48092)
 Mas-d'Orcières (48093)
 Mende (48095)
 Montbel (48100)
 Montrodat (48103)
 Les Monts-Verts (48012)
 Nasbinals (48104)
 Naussac-Fontanes (48105)
 Noalhac (48106)
 Palhers (48107)
 La Panouse (48108)
 Paulhac-en-Margeride (48110)
 Pelouse (48111)
 Pied-de-Borne (48015)
 Pierrefiche (48112)
 Pourcharesses (48117)
 Prévenchères (48119)
 Prinsuéjols (48120)
 Prunières (48121)
 Recoules-d'Aubrac (48123)
 Recoules-de-Fumas (48124)
 Ribennes (48126)
 Rieutort-de-Randon (48127)
 Rimeize (48128)
 Rocles (48129)
 Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole (48132)
 Saint-Amans (48133)
 Saint-André-Capcèze (48135)
Saint-Bauzile (48137)
 Saint-Bonnet-de-Chirac (48138)
 Saint-Bonnet-de-Montauroux (48139)
 Saint-Chély-d'Apcher (48140)
 Saint-Denis-en-Margeride (48145)
 Sainte-Colombe-de-Peyre (48142)
 Sainte-Eulalie (48149)
 Sainte-Hélène (48157)
 Saint-Étienne-du-Valdonnez (48147)
 Saint-Flour-de-Mercoire (48150)
 Saint-Frézal-d'Albuges (48151)
 Saint-Gal (48153)
 Saint-Germain-du-Teil (48156)
 Saint-Jean-la-Fouillouse (48160)
 Saint-Juéry (48161)
 Saint-Julien-du-Tournel (48164)
 Saint-Laurent-de-Muret (48165)
 Saint-Laurent-de-Veyrès (48167)
 Saint-Léger-de-Peyre (48168)
 Saint-Léger-du-Malzieu (48169)
 Saint-Paul-le-Froid (48174)
 Saint-Pierre-de-Nogaret (48175)
 Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux (48177)
 Saint-Privat-du-Fau (48179)
 Saint-Saturnin (48181)
 Saint-Sauveur-de-Ginestoux (48182)
 Saint-Sauveur-de-Peyre (48183)
 Saint-Symphorien (48184)
 Les Salces (48187)
 Les Salelles (48185)
 Serverette (48188)
 Servières (48189)
 Termes (48190)
 La Tieule (48191)
 Trélans (48192)
 La Villedieu (48197)
 Villefort (48198)
The only important city is Mende with 11,542 people living there in 2014. Other towns are Marvejols (4,882) and Saint-Chély-d'Apcher (4,169).

Related pages
Arrondissements of the Lozère department
Arrondissement of Florac
List of arrondissements of France

References

Mende
Timothy Eugene Scott (born September 19, 1965) is an American politician. On January 3, 2013, he became the junior U.S. Senator from South Carolina. He was in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2009 to 2013. He is the only African-American senator as of the 115th United States Congress. More specifically, he is the first Republican African-American senator since Edward Brooke, of Massachusetts, in the 1970s. 

Scott is a candidate for President of the United States in the 2024 election.

Personal life
Scott was born on September 19, 1965 in North Charleston, South Carolina. He attended Presbyterian College. Scott graduated from Charleston Southern University. He is unmarried.

Political Positions

Civil Rights 
Scott is a Republican, and conservative overall, but has a liberal stance on civil rights for African-Americans.
George Floyd Protests 
Scott criticized President Donald Trump when he controversially tweeted: When the looting starts, the shooting starts. This was about the  protests of the death of George Floyd. Scott had spoken out against Floyd's murder.

Environment 
Scott was in 2017 one of 22 senators sending a letter to Donald Trump asking him to withdraw from the Paris Agreement. He is a lobbyist for oil/gas/coal interests, having received over $54,000 from them since 2012.

2024 presidential campaign

In late 2022, it was reported that several United States senators such as John Barrasso, John Cornyn, and Joni Ernst had encouraged Scott to run for President of the United States in the 2024 election. 

In February 2023, it was reported that Scott was preparing for a presidential run. Two months later in April, he created an exploratory committee to see if he should run for president.

On May 19, 2023, Scott officially filed to run for president.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1965 births
Living people
African American politicians
2024 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from South Carolina
United States senators from South Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
South Carolina Republicans
Samira Salih al-Nuaimi (also Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi, Sameera Salih Ali al-Nuaimy, or سميرة صالح النعيمي in Arabic) (1963 – 22 September 2014) was an Iraqi lawyer and human rights activist. 

She had criticized Islamic State on Twitter because they destroyed mosques, churches, and shrines. She was then kidnapped by men in masks. She was tortured for five days and then was killed by Islamic State (ISIS or Daish).

The United Nations spoke out strongly against the killing.

Work 

Samiraa al-Nuaimi was a lawyer.  According to the Gulf Centre For Human Rights, she worked on detainee rights and poverty.  She worked as a volunteer for women's rights.  She was one of the leading activists in Iraq, especially in the defense of people in jail, and in helping families with little money.
Samira lived in the northeastern part of Mosul with her husband and three children.  On September 17, 2014, when she was at home with her husband and children, the ISIL group took Samira from her home.  They said she was guilty of apotasy under Sharia law. They tortured her for 5 days. Then they killed her.   Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, the United Nations human rights commissioner, said her familiy was not permitted to give her a funeral. 

The United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq said she was arrested because of her Facebook messages.  She posted criticism of ISIL's destruction of religious places in Mosul. After her death, the Facebook page was removed.

International reaction 

The United States Department of State condemned Samira's murder. They said she was brave because she helped people when she was in danger.
The Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Iraq (SRSG), Mr. Nickolay Mladenov, also spoke strongly against the killing of al-Nuaimi.  He said it was a "sickening crime committed against the people of Iraq".   United Nations Commissioner Prince Zeid bin Raad, from the High Commissioner office in Geneva and New York, said Samira's death was terrible.  He said she had courage because she defended the human rights of others.

References  

Iraqi human rights activists
Lawyers
Executed people
1963 births
2014 deaths
George Shrinks is a Canadian-Chinese-French-American animated television series. It is based on the children's book by William Joyce. The show is about a ten to fifteen-year-old boy named George. After a dream one night, he wakes up and is only three inches tall. He has adventures with his friends and family. He also drives mini machines that he made with his father. Co-produced By Nelvana and Jade Animation In Association With Treehouse TV and Canal+ Family

The series started on 29 September 2000 on PBS Kids.

Content
Because of George's very small size, everyday activities, such as working around the house or playing outside, often become exciting adventures. He mostly uses the Zooper Car to travel. It can change into a submarine or a helicopter.

The show has a retro-1940s look, with simple animation and colors. Most of the background music is jazz.
Characters
 George Shrinks — George is the main character of the series. George wakes up from a dream to discover he is small. He is voiced by Tracey Moore.
 Junior Shrinks — George's baby brother. Junior helps George with things that are too difficult for him. He is voiced by Robbi Jay Thuet.
 Becky Lopez — George's best friend and neighbor. She goes on many of George's adventures. She is voiced by Bryn McAuley.
 Perdita "Mom" Shrinks — Mom is a sculptor. She is voiced by Kathleen Laskey.
 Harold "Dad" Shrinks — Dad is an inventor and a musician in a jazz band. He makes musical instruments and vehicles. He is voiced by  Paul O'Sullivan.

Broadcast 
TVO SCN Télé-Québec Treehouse Knowledge Network TFO and Access (Canada) PBS Kids Disney Channel and Disney XD (United States)

Other websites
George Shrinks Episode Guide at Big Cartoon DataBase

Retrojunk: George Shrinks

References
References

2000 American television series debuts
Canadian animated television series
2000s Canadian television series debuts
PBS Kids shows
English-language television programs
Mare Nostrum (Latin for "Our Sea") was a Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea. In the years after the unification of Italy in 1861, the term was used again by Italian nationalists. They believed that Italy should follow on from the Roman Empire.

Use of the term in Roman times
The term mare nostrum was used in the first place by Romans to refer to the Tyrrhenian Sea. This was after they had taken over the countries around it. These were Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. It happened during the Punic Wars with Carthage. When they controlled Hispania they expanded the term to the whole western Mediterranean. By 30 BC, the Romans had taken over the countries around the Mediterranean from the Iberian Peninsula to Egypt. So they started to use the name mare nostrum for the whole Mediterranean Sea. They used other names as well, such as Mare Internum ("The Internal Sea"). However, they did not use the name "Mediterranean" (Middle Sea), as this name came later.
Use by Italian nationalists
In the 1880's some Italians became interested in nationalism. Other European countries had made colonies in Africa (called the "Scramble for Africa"). They wanted Italy to have African colonies too. The term mare nostrum was used again by the Italian poet Emilio Lipi

Use by Mussolini and the Italian Fascists
The term was again used by Benito Mussolini for use in fascist propaganda. He used it in the same way that Adolf Hitler used the word lebensraum (German for "living space"). It meant they wanted to take over other countries to have more for themselves. Mussolini wanted Italy to be great like the Roman Empire. He believed that Italy was the most powerful Mediterranean country after World War I.  He said that "the twentieth century will be a century of Italian power". Mussolini built up a powerful navy so he could control the Mediterranean Sea.