Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
On November 25, 1986, President Reagan announced the creation of a Special Review Board to look into the matter; the following day, he appointed former Senator John Tower, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft to serve as members. This commission was called the Tower Commission. Towards the end, the committee said that there was no evidence to say that Reagan had anything to do with the affair.

References

Other websites
Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs, a comprehensive website

1985 in the United States
1986 in the United States
1987 in the United States

Political scandals in the United States
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (January 4, 1941 – August 8, 2001) was an American television and movie actress. She was the first child of Ronald Reagan and his first wife, Jane Wyman. Her brother was Michael Reagan (adopted). She also had a sister, Christine, who died shortly after birth. She also has a brother and sister from her father's second marriage, to Nancy Davis: Patti Davis and Ron Reagan.

Maureen Reagan died from melanoma in Granite Bay, California. She was aged 60.

References

1941 births
2001 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in California
Children of Presidents of the United States
Deaths from melanoma
Reagan family
Michael Edward Reagan (born John Flaugher; March 18, 1945) is an American radio show host. He is the adopted son of Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman. He hosted the radio show The Michael Reagan Talk Show.

Early life and careers 
He was born at Queen of Angels - Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles, California to Irene Flaugher. 

He has studied at Loyola High School and Judson School,  and Arizona State University and Los Angeles Valley College, He has doing four kinds of jobs, He would be sale-man by Hart Schaffner Marx on 1970s, And then He then became a director of special events catering at Michaelson Food Service Company in Los Angeles. Reagan has had small roles in movies and television shows since 1985, including Falcon Crest which starred his mother, Jane Wyman.
In 1971 Reagan has married Pamela Gail Putnam (born 1952). She is the daughter of Duane Putnam, who was then the Atlanta Falcons football line coach. The couple divorced in 1972.
1975, Michael remarried to Colleen Sterns at The Church On The Way from The Foursquare Church, Their had two children is Cameron and Ashley by his marriage.

References

1945 births
Living people
American adoptees
American radio personalities
Reagan family
Children of Presidents of the United States
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Patti Davis (born October 21, 1952) is an American actress, model and author.

David was born at Cedar-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,, She is youngest daughter of late U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Reagan's second wife, Nancy Reagan., She is have one brother Ron Reagan

Davis In 2013, she published a book called Till Human Voices Wake Us.

References

1952 births
Living people
Reagan family
American movie actors
Models from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Ronald Prescott "Ron" Reagan (born May 20, 1958) is an American political commentator. He presents his commentary on the radio. He currently works for MSNBC as a political analyst.

Reagan was born at Cerdar-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, He is youngest son of Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan, He had one sister Patti Davis.

Reagan is a Democrat and an atheist despite being the son of Republican President Ronald Reagan. His mother was Nancy Reagan. He is often incorrectly called Ronald Reagan Jr. or Ronald Reagan II. In 2011 he wrote a book on his father called My Father at 100.

References

1958 births
Living people
Reagan family
American political commentators
American radio personalities
American political activists
Children of Presidents of the United States
Democrats (United States)
People from Los Angeles
Eureka College is a Christian liberal arts college in the United States. It is in Eureka, Illinois. It was established in 1855. Abraham Lincoln once spoke on the campus of the college in 1856. Ronald Reagan graduated from the college in 1932. In 2010, Eureka College was made a national historic district by the National Park Service.

References

Colleges and universities in Illinois
1855 establishments in Illinois
The Lieutenant Governor of California is a constitutional statewide elected office in the executive branch of the state government of the U.S. state of California. It is the second highest-ranking official in the state government. The lieutenant governor is elected on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term. Official duties of the lieutenant governor are under the current California Constitution are to serve as the president of the California Senate, serve as the acting governor in the absence of the governor from the state or to become the governor in the event of the governor's death, resignation or impeachment.

Eleni Kounalakis is the current Lieutenant Governor of California, in office since January 2019, under Gavin Newsom.

List

Notes

References
Robert Hutchison Finch (October 9, 1925 - October 10, 1995) was an American politician. He was a Republican politician from La Canada Flintridge, California. He served as the Lieutenant Governor of California under the term of Ronald Reagan from 1967 to 1969.

He was born in Tempe, Arizona. He was the son of Robert L. Finch, a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.

References

1925 births
1995 deaths
United States Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare
Lieutenant Governors of California
Politicians from Arizona
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Edwin "Ed" Reinecke (January 7, 1924 – December 24, 2016) was an American politician. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives. He also served under Ronald Reagan as the 39th Lieutenant Governor of California from 1969 to 1974.

Reinecke was born on January 7, 1924 in Medford, Oregon. He died on December 24, 2016 in Laguna Hills, California of natural causes, aged 92.

References

Other websites
Congressional biography
Video: Reinecke discusses drug trafficking

1924 births
2016 deaths
United States representatives from California
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of California
Politicians from Medford, Oregon
John Loren Harmer (April 28, 1934 – December 6, 2019) was an American politician. Harmer served in the California State Senate from 1966 to 1974. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the 40th Lieutenant Governor of California from 1974 to 1975. He was given the job by Governor Ronald Reagan, who was leaving office at the time.

Harmer wrote the book Reagan: Man of Principle.

Harmer died on December 6, 2019 in Bountiful, Utah at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2019 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of California
Writers from California
Republican Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown, Sr. (April 21, 1905 – February 16, 1996) was an American politician. Brown served as the 32nd Governor of California from 1959 to 1967. He is the father of the 34th and 39th Governor of California, Jerry Brown. He was succeeded by Ronald Reagan as Governor, but Reagan was soon succeeded by Brown's son Jerry. Brown ran for President of the United States three times; in 1976, 1980 and in 1992.

References

Other websites
Official Biography and portrait from State of California 
California State of Mind: The Legacy of Pat Brown
Brown family of California at The Political Graveyard 
Shows off his custom license plate 
 Find a grave Edmund Brown

1905 births
1996 deaths
Governors of California
District attorneys
Attorneys general
1960 United States presidential candidates
1964 United States presidential candidates
Politicians from San Francisco
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Robert Montgomery (May 21, 1904 – September 27, 1981) was an American actor and director. He was born in Beacon, New York. He starred in many movies, including Night Must Fall. He died in New York City from cancer. He was cremated.

Other websites
 

American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
1904 births
1981 deaths
Howard Clifford Keel (April 13, 1919 – November 7, 2004) was an American actor and singer. He was born in 1919. He starred in many movies, including Man of La Mancha and Kiss Me, Kate. He died of colon cancer in 2004.

Other websites
 

Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Singers from Illinois
1919 births
2004 deaths
George Chandler (June 30, 1898 – June 10, 1985) was an American actor. He starred in many movies, including The Fatal Glass of Bear and in Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?. He also starred in the 1954 television series Lassie.

Chandler was born in Waukegan, Illinois. He served in the United States Army during World War II. In his early career, he was a vaudeville performer.

Chandler's first movie appearance was in 1928. In 1960, Chandler was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild.

Chandler died in Los Angeles from complications of cancer-related surgery on June 10, 1985, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 

People from Waukegan, Illinois
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from surgical complications
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
1898 births
1985 deaths
The bombing of Libya by the United States in 1986 was codenamed Operation El Dorado Canyon. It was a series of airstrikes against Libya on 15 April 1986 ordered by President Ronald Reagan. The attack was made by the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps. It was in response to the bombing of a discotheque in Berlin, West Germany. It was reported that 40 Libyans were killed. One U.S. plane was shot down, killing two soldiers.

Bombing of Libya
20th century in Libya
Airstrikes
April 1986 events
Attacks on buildings and structures in Africa
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1980s
Attacks on military installations
Explosions in 1986
Explosions in Africa
Century City is a small city west of Los Angeles, in the United States. It is next to Beverly Hills. About 5,900 people live here.

References

Cities in California
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar (, born 1958) is an Iraqi politician. He was the Vice President of Iraq from 2005 to 2006. He then served as President of Iraq from 2004 to 2005.

References

1958 births
Living people
Presidents of Iraq
Vice presidents of Iraq
Lesley Rene Stahl (born December 16, 1941) is an American television journalist. Since 1991, she has reported for CBS on 60 Minutes.

Stahl was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. She was raised in Swampscott, Massachusetts.

References

Other websites
CBS biography

NNDb entry for Lesley Stahl
Lesley Stahl  at wowOwow

1941 births
Living people
American journalists
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Edith "Edie" Windsor  (née Schlain; June 20, 1929 – September 12, 2017) was an American lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights activist and a former technology manager at IBM.

Windsor was the lead plaintiff in the Supreme Court of the United States case United States v. Windsor, which successfully overturned Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act and was considered a landmark legal victory for the same-sex marriage movement in the United States.

Windsor died in Manhattan, New York on September 12, 2017 at the age of 88.
Early life and education 
Windsor was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to James and Celia Schlain, a Russian Jewish immigrant family of modest means. She was the youngest of three children. During her childhood, her family suffered as a result of the Great Depression, and her father lost both his candy-and-ice-cream store and their home above it. In school, she at times experienced anti-Semitism. Throughout school, she dated boys her age, but said later she recalls having crushes on girls.

Windsor received her bachelor's degree from Temple University in 1950. In 1955, she began pursuing a master's degree in mathematics, which she obtained from New York University in 1957. She then joined IBM, where she worked for the next sixteen years. During this time, she spent two semesters studying applied mathematics at Harvard University on an IBM fellowship.

References

Other websites
1929 births
2017 deaths
American LGBT rights activists
Lesbians
LGBT people from New York City
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
New York University alumni
People from Philadelphia
The national flag of Ecuador was created in September 1860.

Appearance 
It has three horizontal bands in light yellow, blue and red. In the center it features an eagle over the Seal of Ecuador.

Ecuador
Ecuador
The flag of Chicago was created in 1917 by Wallace Rice. Stars were added to the flag in 1933 and 1939.

Appearance 
It has five horizontal bands. The first, third and last are white and the second and fourth are light blue. There are four stars in the middle in which each represents an important event in the city's history.

Ranking 
In a review by the North American Vexillological Association of 150 American city flags, the Chicago city flag was ranked second best with a rating of 9.03 out of 10, behind only the flag of Washington, D.C.

References

Other websites 
Municipal Code of Chicago (sections pertaining to Municipal Flag)
NAVA city flag survey 

Chicago
1917 establishments in the United States

Flags of cities in the United States
The flag of Illinois was adopted in 1915. The flag has the state seal of Illinois surrounded by white. This original design was changed in 1961 to add the name of the state at the bottom of the flag.

Illinois
Flag
The national flag of the Vatican City is also the flag of the Holy See. It was created in 1929 as a direct order from Pope Pius XI.

Appearance 
It has two vertical stripes in light yellow and white. The original flag had yellow and red stripes. The flag also features the Vatican City's coat of arms.

Vatican City
Vatican City
St Peter's College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The college was founded in 1929. It became a full college of the University in 1961.

The college is located on the site of the former New Hall Inn. Its oldest buildings are Linden House (1794) and Canal House (1828). Both were former headquarters of the Oxford Canal Company.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1929 establishments in the United Kingdom
1920s establishments in England
Somerville College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1879 as a women's college. The college was named after Mary Somerville, a prominent scientist, mathematician and astronomer. Somerville supported women's suffrage and education. The college first admitted male students in 1994.

Famous graduates of the college include Anthea Bell, Indira Gandhi, Sam Gyimah, Dorothy Hodgkin, Iris Murdoch and Margaret Thatcher.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1879 establishments in England
William Reibert Mapother, Jr. (; born April 17, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Ethan Rom on the television series Lost.

Early life
Mapother was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He is the son of Louisa (née Riehm) and William Reibert Mapother, Sr. He is of English, Irish, and mostly German ancestry.

He is a first cousin of actor Tom Cruise, whose real name is Thomas Cruise Mapother IV. Mapother has appeared in five movies starring Cruise. He had tiny roles in Minority Report and Vanilla Sky, and supporting roles in Mission: Impossible II, Born on the Fourth of July and Magnolia. Mapother has two sisters, Katherine and Amy. His father was a lawyer and judge in Louisville, between 1967 and 1970. His father died on June 22, 2006.

Mapother graduated from the University of Notre Dame. He majored in English. Then, he taught high school in East Los Angeles for three years before becoming an actor.
Career
Mapother has become widely known as a character actor. He sometimes plays scary or otherwise dark characters. He played an important role in Todd Field's In the Bedroom. Mapother is more widely known as Ethan Rom in the TV show Lost. The character was killed early in the first season. Since then, however, he has appeared in seven episodes mainly through flashbacks, once due to time travel and another in an alternate timeline. In total, he appeared in eleven episodes of Lost.

Mapother has also had major roles in several independent movies, such as The Lather Effect, Moola, Hurt and  Another Earth. Mapother starred in The Burrowers as a Native American fighter who joins a posse to help find missing white settlers, only to discover that the hunters have become the hunted.

In September 2007, he was elected to a three-year term on the National Board of Directors for the Screen Actors Guild.
Television and movie roles
 American Horror Story (TV, 1 episode, 2012) .... Misogynist Driver
 Justified (TV, 2 episodes, 2012) .... Delroy Baker
 The Mentalist (TV, 2 episodes, 2011-2013) .... Richard Haibach
 Edwin Boyd: Citizen Gangster (2011) .... Detective Rhys
 Warrior (2011) .... David Milligan
 Another Earth (2011) .... John Burroughs
 A Warrior's Heart (2010)
 Hurt (2008) .... Darryl Coltrane
 Prison Break (TV, 2 episodes, 2009) .... FBI Agent Chris Franco
 Lost (TV, 11 episodes, 2004–2010) .... Ethan Rom
 Criminal Minds (TV, 1 episode, 2008) .... Ian Corbin
 The Burrowers (Film, 2008) .... Will Parcher
 Lost: Missing Pieces (TV, 1 episode, 2008) .... Ethan Rom
 Skip Tracer (TV, 2008) .... Henry Hargrove Jr.
 WordGirl (TV animation, 2007) ... Guy Rich (voice)
 Viva Laughlin (TV, 1 episode, 2007) .... Sweet Lenny Collins
 K-Ville (TV, 1 episode, 2007) .... Gordon Wix
 Moving McAllister (2007) .... Bob
 Moola (2007) .... Steve
 Robot Chicken (TV, 2 episodes, 2006) .... Alien Bully / Leprechaun #2
World Trade Center (2006) .... Jason Thomas
 The Lather Effect (2006) .... Jack
 Ask The Dust (2006) .... Bill
 Crossing Jordan (TV, 1 episode, 2005) .... Henry Bishop
 Threshold (TV, 2 episodes, 2005) .... Gunneson
 Chloe (2005) .... Doctor
 The Zodiac (2005) .... Dale Coverling
 Lords of Dogtown (2005) .... Donnie
 The Inside (TV, 1 episode, 2005) .... Ronald Ewing
 The Grudge (2004) .... Matthew Williams
 NCIS (TV, 1 episode, 2004) .... Kyle Grayson
 CSI: Miami (TV, 1 episode, 2004) .... Pete Keller
 Suspect Zero (2004) .... Bill Grieves
 Line of Fire (TV, 2 episodes, 2004) .... Larry
 The Kiss (2003) .... Peter
 Touched by an Angel (TV, 2 episodes, 2003) .... Eddie
 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (TV, 1 episode, 2003) .... Luke Edmunds
 The Pennsylvania Miners' Story (TV, 2002) .... John 'Flathead' Phillippi
 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (TV, 1 episode, 2002) .... Douglas Sampson
 Self Storage (2002) .... Graham
 Minority Report (2002) .... Hotel Clerk
 Swordfish (2001) .... Gabriel's Crew
In the Bedroom (2001) .... Richard Strout
 Almost Famous (Scenes Deleted, 2000) .... Bartender
 Mission: Impossible II (2000) .... Wallis
 Magnolia (1999) .... WDKK Show Director's Assistant
 The Unknown Cyclist (1998) .... By-Stander
 Trickle (1998) .... Josh Riddell
 Without Limits (1998) .... Bob Peters
 Born on the Fourth of July (1989) .... Platoon Member – Vietnam
References

1965 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Louisville, Kentucky
American movie actors
PopMatters is an online magazine about popular culture. It was started in 1999 by Sarah Zupko. PopMatters publishes reviews, interviews, and essays about music, television, movies, books, video games, comics, sports, and the internet.

References

1999 establishments
Entertainment websites
Rachel Lloyd (born 1975) is an English activist against sex trafficking. Lloyd moved to the United States in 1997. In 1998 she started the Girls Educational and Mentoring Services. A documentary was made about it called Very Young Girls. It was released in 2007. In 2011 her book  Girls Like Us: Fighting for a World Where Girls Are Not for Sale, an Activist Finds Her Calling and Heals Herself was published.

Early life
Lloyd was born in Portsmouth. She left school when she was 13 to work. She tried to kill herself three times. When she was 17 years old, she moved to Germany. She worked there as a prostitute for two years. When her pimp tried to kill her, she went to a church to live. Lloyd moved to the United States in 1997. She went back to school and got a General Educational Diploma. Then she went to university. There she got a Master’s degree in urban anthropology.

References

1975 births
Living people
British sex industry people
English activists
Prostitutes
Mark Duggan, a 29-year-old who lived in Tottenham, north London, was shot in Tottenham by a Metropolitan Police officer on 4 August 2011. Police had been trying to arrest Duggan because he had been carrying a handgun and they thought he was planning to shoot someone. Duggan died at the scene from a bullet wound to his chest. The 2011 England riots started on 6 August 2011 because some criminals used Duggan's death as an excuse to burgle shops and set fire to things. They lasted until 11 August 2011. Five people were killed.

On 31 January 2013, Kevin Hutchinson-Foster was found guilty of giving Duggan a gun and was sent to prison.
An inquest into Duggan's death began on 16 September 2013. On 8 January 2014 a jury decided that his death was a lawful killing. It was decided that it was lawful because the police officer who shot Duggan told the jury he believed that Duggan was holding a gun and was going to shoot it. Witness B said that Duggan was not holding a gun. He said that Duggan was holding a mobile phone. There was a gun in a sock 10–14 feet away from where Duggan was shot. The sock and the gun did not have Duggan's DNA on them. Duggan's family were angry about the jury's verdict.

On 11 January there was a vigil for Duggan outside Tottenham police station. Hundreds of prostesters were there.

Background

Tension with police
There was tension between black people and the police in Tottenham before and since the Broadwater Farm riot in 1985.
Duggan
Duggan was born on 15 September 1981 to a white mother, Pamela Duggan, and a black father, Bruno Hall. He grew up in Broadwater Farm. At age 13, he left home to live with one of his maternal aunts in Manchester. Duggan had three children with his partner Semone Wilson at the time of his death, as well as three other children by other women.
After his death police and other people said that he was a drug dealer. His family and friends said that he was not. Tony Thompson of the London Evening Standard wrote that Duggan may have been one of the first members of North London's "Star Gang". Duggan's family said that "He was not a gang member and he had no criminal record." Duggan had been convicted of having cannabis in 2000 and having things that he knew had been stolen in 2007. The Daily Mail said that he had also been arrested many times. The things he was arrested for included the murder of Gavin Smith and attempted murder. He was not charged with the murder of Smith because there was not enough evidence.

In March 2011 Duggan's cousin had been stabbed to death at a nightclub. Some people said that this made Duggan want to carry a gun.

Duggan was under investigation by Operation Trident. "Trident have jammed me," he wrote in a text message minutes before his death.
Shooting
Officers of the Metropolitan Police Service stopped a cab that was carrying Duggan as a passenger at about 6:15pm on 4 August 2011. They did this because they had been told that Duggan had a gun. A firearms officer said that Duggan got out of the cab and pulled a gun from his waistband. He then ran away. Police shot him twice. An eyewitness said that Duggan "was shot while he was pinned to the floor by police." Paramedics came, but he died before he could be taken to hospital. A 9mm gun was found 10–14 feet away from where Duggan was shot on the other side of the fence. Witnesses told the IPCC that they saw police throw the gun over the fence.

Aftermath
Police waited a day and a half to tell Duggan's family to tell them that Duggan was dead.
Riots
The 2011 riots started with the peaceful protest of Duggan's death.
At about 5:30pm on 6 August 2011, Duggan's family and people living in the area marched from Broadwater Farm to Tottenham Police Station. They chanted "we want answers". Around 8pm a 16-year-old girl was beaten by police with a baton. A witness said that she had thrown something at the police. Around 8:20pm members of a crowd waiting to speak to a police officer set fire to two police cars. The next day people rioted in other areas of London. Most of the rioters were young men. On August 9 a man died after being shot in Croydon on August 8. On August 10 three men were killed in a hit-and-run. A man died on 8 August from injuries from an attack by a mob. By 15 August 2011, about 3,100 people had been arrested.
Media coverage
Duggan's death quickly became a big news story. Duggan was called a 'gangster' and a 'thug' by the Daily Mail. On September 8 2011 an article by Martin Samuda, a friend of Duggan, was published in The Guardian. Duggan's brother Shaun Hall also wrote an article for The Guardian in September 2013 which said that Duggan's family did not trust the police anymore.

Funeral
On 9 September 2011 there was a funeral for Duggan. Thousands of people were there.

Father's death
In 2012 Duggan's father died from cancer.
Inquest
A public inquest into Duggan's death started on 16 September 2013. The jury learned that Duggan had been killed by a 9mm hollow-point round. A hollow-point bullet. Two witnesses said that they saw a police officer move something from the minicab to the place where the gun was found.  Duggan's lawyers argued that police had put the gun found near where Duggan was killed there to make Duggan's killing look lawful. The officer who killed Duggan said Duggan was still holding a gun when both shots were fired. 9 of the jury decided that Mark Duggan threw the firearm on to the grass.

Protests
On 11 December 2013 students protested outside the Royal Courts of Justice during the inquest.

Verdict
On 8 January 2014 the jury decided that Duggan's death had been a lawful killing. People living in Tottenham said that there may be more riots because of this.

References
References

2011 deaths
2011 in England
2010s in London
August 2011 events
People shot dead by law enforcement officers
Black British people
Black Lives Matter
Deaths by firearm in England
The title of Prince of Condé was a title used in France while the country was a monarchy For example prior to 1793. The holder of the title was a member of the extended royal family and therefore held the rank and further title of prince of the blood and the style of Serene Highness but the style was only used when in writing. The holder of the title also held the important further rank of First Prince of the blood. The heir was usually given the title of Duke of Bourbon and at other times the Duke of Enghien.  The title was only to be inherited by the male line as females were expelled from to succeeding to titles. The title existed for almost two centuries and during that time the prince was one of the highest ranking prince behind that of the actual royal family.

Over the years the princes were used to make political and financial marriages with member of the wealthy French nobility as well as princesses of other European ruling houses. The prince was a member of the French House of Bourbon.
Louis de Bourbon (1546-1569) Founder of the line and a younger son of a Queen of Navarre and from which the Count of Soissons line descends. 
 Henri de Bourbon (1569–1588) A Lieutenant General of New France (Modern day Canada)
 Henri de Bourbon (1588–1646) It is from him that the Princes of Conti descend. 
 Louis, Grand Condé (1646–1686) famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
 Henri Jules de Bourbon (1686–1709) famous for his madness. 
 Louis de Bourbon (1709–1710) forced to make a marriage with an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV.
 Louis Henri de Bourbon (1710–1740) known better as the Duke of Bourbon. He was also a Prime Minister of France during the reign of Louis XV 
 Louis Joseph (1740–1818)
 Louis Henri (1818–1830). Last Bourbon Prince of Condé
 Prince Louis of Orléans (1845–1866). A son of Louis Philippe I and given the title by courtesy. Not due to male line descent.

Small note
Small note

Princes and princesses of this line of the House of Bourbon are often incorrectly surnamed as "Bourbon-Condé". Which is incorrect. Their surname was just "de Bourbon".

Related pages

Princes of Conti another cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, itself descending from the Condé line. 
The title was similar to the Savoyard title of Prince of Carignan.

Titles in the old Kingdom of France
Thomas Victor O'Carroll (born 1945) is an Irish writer. He is an activist for pedophiles. He lives in Cumbria.

Career
In 1980 O'Carroll's first book, Paedophilia: The Radical Case, was published. In the book, O'Carroll talks about his own experiences as a pedophile and about how sex between children and adults is not wrong. The book was taken off Amazon in 2010.
In June 2010 Michael Jackson's Dangerous Liaisons, a book he wrote about Michael Jackson was published under a pen name.

Sex offences
O'Carroll was first jailed in 1981 for the contact ads in the Paedophile Information Exchange's magazine. In August 2002, O'Carroll was imprisoned for nine months, and jailed again in 2006 for two and a half years for having child pornography.

References

1945 births
Living people
Irish writers
British sex offenders
Sexual freedom activists
The École Polytechnique Massacre, known also as the Montreal massacre was a school shooting on December 6, 1989. It took place at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, an engineering school and faculty that is affiliated with the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Marc Lépine, a twenty-five year old, shot 28 people and killed 15 people as well as himself (suicide). The shooter targeted women in the attack and said that he was "fighting feminism" and called the women "a bunch of feminists".
The attack
He entered the building sometime at 4 p.m. on December 6, 1989 with a Ruger Mini-14 rifle and hunting knife. After he entered a second floor mechanical engineering class of about sixty students at about 5:10 p.m., he approached a student that was giving a presentation. He ordered that everyone stop what they were doing and both men and women to go to opposite sides of the classroom. Nobody moved at first, believing it to be a joke until he fired a shot into the ceiling. He killed six women and wounded three others there.
After that, he moved to the second floor corridor and wounded three other students before he entered another room where he tried to shoot a female student twice but failed. He reloaded the gun in the emergency staircase and tried to enter the room that he left but the students locked the door. He attempted to unlock it with three gunshots but failed. He moved through the corridor where he shot wounded a student. He went to the financial services office and shot and killed a woman through the window of a door she had locked.

He went down the stairs to the first floor cafeteria which had around a hundred people in it. He shot a woman standing near the kitchens and wounded another student. After hearing the gunshots, everyone scattered. He killed two more women after finding them hiding.
He went up the escalator to the third floor shooting and wounding three students in the corridor. After entering a classroom where a presentation was being held, he shot at the front row and killed two women who were trying to escape. He shot three more female students and killed another. After hearing Maryse Leclair, a student he had shot, ask for help, he took out his hunting knife and stabbed her three times, killing her. He then took off his hat, wrapped his jacket around the gun, said "ah shit," and then killed himself.

References

1989 in North America
1980s in Canada
20th century in Montreal
Attacks on buildings and structures in North America
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1980s
December events
Mass murder in the 1980s
Mass shootings in North America

Massacres in North America
Murder in Canada
Murders by firearm
Murder-suicides in North America
School shootings
Suicides by firearm
Suicides in Canada
Ezra Matthew Miller (born September 30, 1992) is an American actor of Jewish descent. They played Patrick in the 2012 movie The Perks of Being a Wallflower. For the role they won the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Miller appeared in the 2016 movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice as The Flash. They played the role again on Suicide Squad, the 2017 movie Justice League and in their own 2023 movie.

Miller portrayed Credence Barebone in the 2016 movie Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.

Miller came out as queer in 2012.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 

1992 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American child actors
American child singers
American movie actors
American television actors 
Jewish American actors
Jewish American musicians
LGBT actors
LGBT Jews
LGBT people from New Jersey
LGBT singers
People from Wyckoff, New Jersey
Queer people
Singers from New Jersey
LGBT models
Models from New Jersey
5 Tracks is second EP by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in May 2003. It was his first album on EMI Records label. Song called "Wilderness Approaching" features in the Ramin Niami movie Paris (2003).

Track listing
All songs written by John Cale.

Personnel
 John Cale − vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards, piano
 Eden Cale − background vocals on "Verses"

References

John Cale albums
2003 albums
Rock albums
The British Armed Forces are the armed forces of the United Kingdom. They are officially called His Majesty's Armed Forces and sometimes called the Armed Forces of the Crown. The British Armed Forces are made up of three parts: the British Army, the Royal Navy (including the Royal Marines) and the Royal Air Force.

The Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces is the British monarch. Members of the British Armed Forces must swear allegiance that they will obey the orders of the monarch. Under the constitution of the United Kingdom, the armed forces controlled by the Crown, but because of the 1689 Bill of Rights, the British may not have an army during peacetime unless the British Parliament allows it. However, the British Parliament now passes an Armed Forces Act every five years as a formality. The British Prime Minister is the de facto commander of the British Armed Forces, which are managed by the Ministry of Defence.
The British Armed Forces protect the United Kingdom, the British overseas territories and the Crown dependencies and take part in United Nations peacekeeping missions  NATO missions. The most recent wars in which the British Armed Forces have fought are the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, peacekeeping in Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone, peacekeeping in the Balkans and Cyprus and defending the no-fly zone over Libya. The British Armed Forces have bases in the following places: Ascension Island, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Diego Garcia, the Falkland Islands, Germany, Gibraltar, Kenya, Qatar and the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus.

The United Kingdom tested its first nuclear weapon in Operation Hurricane in 1952. , Britain is one of the five recognised nuclear powers and has around 225 nuclear warheads, which are controlled by the Royal Navy.

Notes

References 

1707 establishments
18th-century establishments in England
Military of the United Kingdom
Christina Onassis (December 11, 1950 – November 19, 1988) was a Greek-Argentine businesswoman and socialite. She was the heiress to the Onassis family fortune. She was the only daughter of Aristotle Onassis, a wealthy shipping businessman, and Athina Livanos.

Onassis was born at LeRoy Sanitarium in New York City, United States, but she gave up her American citizenship. She had a brother, Alexander Onassis. Her daughter, by Thierry Roussel, is Athina Onassis Roussel (named after Christina's mother). Christina died in Buenos Aires from a heart attack. She was aged 37. Her heart attack was caused by pulmonary edema.

References

1950 births
1988 deaths
People from Buenos Aires
Businesspeople from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from pulmonary edema
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Greek people
Athina Onassis Roussel (alternate: Athina Onassis de Miranda; born 28 January 1985) is a French-Greek heiress. Her grandfather was Aristotle Onassis, a wealthy shipping businessman. She is his only living descendant. Her mother was Christina Onassis. Athina inherited her great grandfather's fortune when her mother died in 1988.

Roussel was born at American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She is the eldest of Thierry Roussel's four children. She is a horse rider.

References

1985 births
Living people
Billionaires
Equestrians
French businesspeople
Greek people
Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine
Arrogance (also called hubris) indicates strong pride or acting extremely self-important. In particular, a loss of contact with reality and overestimating one's own competence or capability.

It is when you try to reason out or state your case over a traffic violation to an enforcer - only in the Philippines.

Arrogance is also associated with lack of humility and love toward oneself. Examples include making oneself far more important than others or superiority. Children raised around arrogance may be arrogant themselves.

Arrogance is usually detrimental and fosters a negative-minded culture. Some sources, however, also indicate arrogance means taking and receiving pride with one's work.

Arrogance is different from confidence. Arrogance may be associated with insecurity. Confidence has an association with improving and examining one's own weaknesses.
Hubris is the ancient Greek concept. It is similar to arrogance, but is usually translated as pride. Because their societies were more concerned with honour, it works out as somewhat different from arrogance. To understand it fully one needs to work through the Greek passages where it is used, which is beyond our scope. For example, the use of force to shame someone would have been considered hubris.

Related pages
 Confidence
 Dunning–Kruger effect
 Megalomania
 Narcissism

References

Emotions
Narcissism
Steven Yeun (born December 21, 1983) is a South Korean,American actor, voice actor and Singer. He is most well known for his role as "Glenn" in the AMC original series The Walking Dead. Yeun was born in Seoul, South Korea and grew up in Troy, Michigan. Along with The Walking Dead, he has acted in multiple movies and television series, such as The Big Bang Theory and The Lemons Show.

In 2021, he was nominated for an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award.

References

1983 births
Living people
Actors from Michigan
American movie actors
American television actors
People from Troy, Michigan
The Dawson College shooting was a school shooting on September 13, 2006. It took place at the Dawson College in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Kimveer Gill, a twenty-five year old Indo-Canadian, shot 20 people and killed 1 person as well as himself (suicide) after being shot in the arm by a police officer.

Gill had a Vampirefreaks.com profile and mentioned the song "À Tout le Monde" by thrash metal band Megadeth on the day of the shooting. News outlets blamed Megadeth for the shooting. Later in 2006, Megadeth performed a live concert in Montreal and responded to the blame they and their music received. Lead singer and guitarist Dave Mustaine said to the crowd:

"The guy who went to Dawson College and shot everyone, it's terrible. Aside from the fact that what he did was wrong, we have a relationship with Montreal, and that really pissed us off."

Mustaine was also interviewed by CBC News before Megadeth's concert and said :
"I was so angry that this guy would use my song, and that he would try and turn that beautiful song into something ugly and nasty. It's for those who lost their lives, and it's a gift to those who are in the process of healing (...) and Gill was not worthy of being a Megadeth fan."

The attack
Gill drove to the college campus and parked his car. Bystanders saw that Gill took weapons out of his trunk. He took a person as a hostage and forced him to carry a bag which had a fourth gun and more ammunition in it. Gill shot at students that were outside on the steps of the college near the rear entrance. The hostage ran away with Gill's bag and hid it.
Gill entered the school and went to the cafeteria. He walked to the corner of the room and shot students that were standing in front of him. He ordered the students to lie on the floor and shot at more students. Two police officers that were visiting the school at the time because of an unrelated incident rushed to the cafeteria after hearing the gunfire. More officers surrounded the college and Gill took two more people hostage. Officer Denis Côté shot him in the arm and Gill killed himself. The officers tried to bring him back to life but they failed.

References

2006 crimes
2000s in Montreal
Attacks on buildings and structures in North America
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2000s
Mass shootings in North America
Mass shootings in the 2000s
Murder in Canada
Murders by firearm
Murder-suicides in North America
University and college shootings
September events
Suicides by firearm
Suicides in Canada
Crisis hotlines are telephone numbers that people can call to get urgent and immediate counseling. Since the 1970s, most areas around the United States have had these lines. The lines were originally for suicides or stopping suicide. Now they also deal with family abuse, emotional troubles, and depression. There are also special text and call lines especially for teenagers.

History 
In the United States, the first crisis help line began in 1958; the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center. It used trained voluneers to answer calls 24 hours a day. San Francisco Suicide Prevention started a hotline "Call Bruce" in 1962.

A similar service, Lifeline, was started in Australia in 1963.

Lifelink Samaritans Tas. Inc, began in Launceston, Tasmania in 1968.  It was started as a way to help people in emotional pain that could not talk with family and friends.
It answered calls 24 hours a day throughout the country of Tasmania.

References 

Telephone numbers
Suicide
Boys Town is an American non-profit organization based in Boys Town, Nebraska. It used to be called Girls and Boys Town and Father Flanagan's Home for Boys.

The original Boys Town organization was an orphanage that was established in December 1917 by Edward J. Flanagan. It has since expanded into twelve regions across the United States, including Louisiana, Nevada and the Northeastern United States.

References

Non-profit organizations of the United States
1917 establishments in the United States
Boys Town is a village in eastern Nebraska. It is a suburb of Omaha. The population was 410 at the 2020 census, down from 745 at the 2010 census. The Boys Town organization was established here.

References

Villages in Nebraska
Selçuk Uluergüven (1 January 1941 – 8 January 2014) was a Turkish actor. He appeared in over 80 movies and many television and stage roles. Uluergüven began his theatre career in 1962, at Meydan Stage in Ankara.

Uluergüven died on 8 January 2014 in Aydın, Turkey. He was 73.

References

Other websites
 Selçuk Uluergüven at SinemaTürk website

1941 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Istanbul
Turkish stage actors
Turkish movie actors
Turkish television actors
Dale Thomas Mortensen (February 2, 1939 – January 9, 2014) was an American economist. He received his Bachelor of Arts in economics from Willamette University and his PhD in Economics from Carnegie Mellon University.

Mortensen was born in Enterprise, Oregon on February 2, 1939.

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2010. He won the award with Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics and Peter A. Diamond from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They were awarded it for "their analysis of markets with search frictions".

Mortensen died on January 9, 2014 from a stroke and cancer. He died at his home in Wilmette, Illinois. He was aged 74.

References

Other websites

Dale T. Mortensen  official site
Dale Mortensen  at School of Economics and Management at Aarhus University
Markets with Search Frictions 2010 lecture at NobelPrize.org
Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc
1939 births
2014 deaths
American economists
Academics from Illinois
Nobel Prize in Economics winners
Scientists from Oregon
Josep Maria Castellet Díaz de Cossío (15 December 1926 – 9 January 2014), also known as José María Castellet, was an Spanish writer, poet, critic, publisher and editor.

Castellet was born in Barcelona on 15 December 1926. He began his career in writing in 1955. He wrote novels and poetry in both Catalan and Spanish. His last novel was published in 2012.

Castellet died on 9 January 2014 from pneumonia. He was aged 87. He died in his hometown of Barcelona.

References

1926 births
2014 deaths
Literary critics
Publishers
Spanish poets
Writers from Barcelona
Wilmette is a village in Cook County, Illinois. It is north from Chicago. About 28,000 people live here. The village was established in 1872.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Illinois
Trinity College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1555 by Thomas Pope. Pope purchased the buildings of the former Durham College, which dated from 1286, to house the college. The oldest surviving building at the college is the Old Library, which was built in 1421.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1555 establishments
1550s establishments in England
Albert I (April 8, 1875 – February 17, 1934) reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934. This was an eventful period in the history of Belgium. It included the period of World War I (1914-1918).

References

1875 births
1934 deaths
Accidental deaths
Kings and Queens of Belgium
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knute Rockne, All American is an American biographical drama movie. It is directed by Lloyd Bacon and William K. Howard. The movie was based on the early career of Knute Rockne. It stars Pat O'Brien, Gale Page, and Ronald Reagan. It was released on October 4, 1940.

1940 drama movies
1940s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Lloyd Bacon
Movies directed by William K. Howard
Love Is on the Air is an American crime drama movie. It is directed by Nick Grinde. It was Ronald Reagan's first movie. The movie also stars June Travis, Hal B. Wallis, and Jack L. Warner. It was released on October 2, 1937. 
 

1937 drama movies
1930s American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Nick Grinde
Kings Row is an American drama movie. It is directed by Sam Wood and produced by Hal B. Wallis. It stars Ann Sheridan, Robert Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. It was released on February 2, 1942.

1942 drama movies
1940s historical movies
1940s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Sam Wood
Warner Bros. movies
Movies about psychiatry‏‎
Movies set in Vienna
Movies set in the 1890s
Movies set in the 1900s
The Voice of the Turtle is an American romantic comedy movie. It is directed by Irving Rapper. It stars Ronald Reagan and Eleanor Parker. It was released on December 25, 1947.

1947 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Irving Rapper
John Loves Mary is an American romance movie. It is directed by David Butler. It stars Ronald Reagan, Patricia Neal and Jack Carson. It was released on February 19, 1949.

References

1949 romance movies
1949 musical movies
American romance movies
Movies directed by David Butler
Movies based on plays
Warner Bros. movies