Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Baby Daddy is an ABC Family situation comedy. It stars Jean-Luc Bilodeau (as Ben Wheeler), Tahj Mowry (as Tucker Dobbs), Derek Theler (as Danny Wheeler), Chelsea Kane (as Riley Perrin) and Melissa Peterman (as Bonnie Wheeler). The show was green-lighted on February 2, 2012. It began production on March 28, 2012. It began airing on ABC Family on June 20, 2012.

On August 17, 2012, the show was renewed for a second season. It started on May 29, 2013. On March 22, 2013, ABC Family announced that the show will continue on for its third season. Baby Daddy was renewed for a fourth season on March 17, 2014. It premiered on October 22, 2014, with the series' first Halloween episode "Strip or Treat".
Plot 
The show follows Ben Wheeler, a single bartender in his twenties who lives in New York City. A one-night-stand, whom he had forgotten about, leaves her 3-month-old baby on his doorstep. He later finds out that the baby is his daughter, Emma. Ben raises Emma with the help of his brother, Danny, his two close friends, Riley and Tucker, and his mother, Bonnie.

Characters 
Benjamin "Ben" Bon Jovi Wheeler (Jean-Luc Bilodeau): the lead character of the series. He doesn't know what he wants to do with his life and is actual age has not been mentioned. He learns a lesson that he has to believe in himself if he's going to raise his daughter.
Tucker Dobbs (Tahj Mowry): Ben's best friend and roommate. He marked his food as soon as he heard about Danny moving in. Tucker is friendly towards everybody so long as they don't eat all of his food. He and Bonnie are the only ones that know Danny is in love with Riley. In earlier episodes he had a girlfriend named Vanessa who appeared to be a running gag due to her never being on camera.
Daniel "Danny" J. Wheeler (Derek Theler): Ben's older brother, who is a professional hockey player. He was traded to the Rangers. He caused Tucker to mark all his food in the kitchen because he "looked" like an eater. His little brother looks up to him, because he has everything a man would want. He's the only person that knows that Riley loves Ben and she usually hurts him for it because she wants him not to tell. In turn he loves Riley, but she does not know how he feels and he feels awkward because she often shares her feelings for Ben with him.
Bonnie Wheeler (Melissa Peterman): Ben and Danny's mother. She wanted to be a model but never "recovered" after having Danny. She thinks that Ben is not ready to take care of a child because she still "buys his pants." She and Tucker are the only ones that know Danny is in love with Riley.
Riley Perrin (Chelsea Kane): Ben's close female friend. It has been said that she has lost 200 pounds. She is in love with Ben but Danny is the only person who knows about it. She is highly intelligent, as she passed her LSATs and entered law school. She has liked Ben ever since they were little.
Emma Wheeler (Ali and Suzy Hartman in Season 1; Mila and Zoey Beske since Season 2): Ben's daughter, who was left on his doorstep.
Recurring characters
Ali and Susanne Hartman as Emma Wheeler (season one)
Zoey and Mila Beske as Emma Wheeler (season two)
Jase Whitaker as Bartender
Rachna Khatau as Sondra

Guest appearances
Ana Nogueira as Chloe
Briana Lane as Cassie
David Cade as Jack Parker
Cali Fredrichs as Zoe
David S. Lee as Henderson
Tuc Watkins as Hank
Ashley Argota as Ava
Amber Stevens as Izzy
Greg Grunberg as Ray
Melissa Tang as Katie
Lucy Hale as Piper

Episodes

References

Other websites
 
 

2012 American television series debuts
2017 American television series endings
2010s American sitcoms
Television series about brothers
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about friendship
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Specific phobias are a generic form of anxiety condition which consists of unreasonable or irrational fears of exposure to specific objects or certain situations. Affected people tend to avoid direct contact with such objects or situations, sometimes even the mentions of them. Exposure may result in panic attacks or severe anxiety. The usual onset age is childhood or adolescence, although the condition can start for young adults. Females are almost twice as likely to suffer from specific phobias as males. Examples for specific phobia include fears of thunderstorms and certain animals, particularly spiders or snakes.

Anxiety disorders
Phobias
This is a list of episodes of the television series Baby Daddy.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2012)

Season 2 (2013) 
On August 17, 2012, Baby Daddy was renewed for a second season, it premiered on May 29, 2013. Matt Dallas, who previously worked with Jean-Luc Bilodeau on the ABC Family series Kyle XY, appeared in a recurring role as Fitch Douglas, a love interest for Riley. Both Lacey Chabert and Grace Phipps also had recurring roles this season. Wayne Brady guest starred in the episode "There's Something Fitchy Going On".
Season 3 (2014) 
On March 22, 2013, two months before the second season premiered, ABC Family renewed Baby Daddy for a third season. It premiered on January 15, 2014. Bruce Thomas, who previously worked with Jean-Luc Bilodeau on Kyle XY, guest starred in the episode "The Bet". Bilodeau's other Kyle XY co-star Matt Dallas reprised his role as Fitch in the episode "Lights! Camera! No Action!", Mary Hart also guest starred as herself in that episode. Other guest stars this season included Lucy Hale, David DeLuise, Phil Morris, Mark DeCarlo, Kelsey Chow and Dot Jones.
Season 4 (2014–15) 
On March 17, 2014, Baby Daddy was renewed for the fourth season. It premiered on October 22, 2014, with the series' first Halloween episode "Strip or Treat". The second Christmas episode of the series entitled "It's a Wonderful Emma" premiered on December 10, 2014. Aisha Dee guest starred as Olivia, Tucker's ex-wife. Christa B. Allen will appear in a recurring role as Robyn, a corporate lawyer working at Riley's law firm, who later begins dating Danny. Eddie Cibrian will appear in a multi-episode arc as Ross, a guy that Riley falls for, later discovering that he is her boss. Jackée Harry will guest star as Judge Johnson, a no nonsense judge, with a weakness for children. The episode will reunite Harry with Tahj Mowry, Mowry made numerous guest appearances on Harry's 1990s sitcom Sister, Sister.

Season 5 
On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a fifth season.

References

Other websites
List of Baby Daddy episodes  at TV.com

Lists of comedy television series episodes
Kathleen Wilhoite (born June 29, 1964) is an American movie and television actress. She has been in lots of movies and television programs. She played Liz Danes in the TV drama Gilmore Girls. She also played Chloe in the medical drama ER. 

Wilhoite was born in California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
1964 births
Living people
Actors from California
3 Musketeers is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated. It has whipped chocolate covered with milk chocolate. It was introduced in 1932. At first, it had chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla. The strawberry and vanilla were removed due to higher costs and World War II. 3 Musketeers is the fifth best selling chocolate bar in the United States.

References

Other websites

Candy
Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American radio personality, television host, and producer. He is best known for being the host of the FOX television show American Idol. He also hosts the morning radio show On Air with Ryan Seacrest on KIIS-FM in Los Angeles, California as well as the syndicated radio show American Top 40.

Seacrest started hosting American Idol in 2002. In the show's first season, he hosted the show with comedian Brian Dunkleman. Dunkleman left the show after the first season, leaving Seacrest as the show's only host. American Idol went on to be a very successful show, making Seacrest a well-known television personality. American Idol is seen by 26 million people weekly.
On December 31, 2005, Seacrest became the executive producer and co-host of ABC's Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve. In 2009, the show was renamed Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest. He co-hosted the show with Dick Clark until Clark's death in 2012. For the 2013 show, he hosted the show with Jenny McCarthy and Fergie.

He has won Emmy Awards for hosting American Idol. He also won an Emmy Award for producing the ABC show Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution.

References

Other websites
 
 

American Idol
American television presenters
American television producers
Television personalities from Georgia (U.S. state)
1974 births
Living people
Emmy Award winners
Sir William Randal Cremer was an English Member of Parliament.  Cremer was born 18 March 1828. He was a pacifist.

Cremer won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903.  It was mostly for his work on the 1897 Anglo-American arbitration treaty. He was knighted in 1907.

Cremer died from pneumonia on 22 July 1908.

1828 births
1908 deaths
Nobel Peace Prize winners
English politicians
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
The Institut de Droit International is an organization that formed on 8 September 1873. It was made to study and develop  international law. In 1904 the Institute received the Nobel Peace Prize.

The institute was founded by Gustave Moynier and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns.  They and nine other lawyers formed the IDI in Belgium.

Nobel Peace Prize winners
Research organizations in Europe
1873 establishments in Europe
International law
Organizations based in Belgium
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta was an Italian journalist and soldier.  He later became a pacifist and won the 1907 Nobel Peace Prize.

Moneto was born in Milan on September 20, 1833.  He died February 10, 1918.

1833 births
1918 deaths
Nobel Peace Prize winners
Italian journalists
Writers from Milan
Italian Nobel Prize winners
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious neurological illness.  It is a type of dyskinesia - a disorder that causes movements that happen over and over again, which a person cannot control.  "Tardive" means these movements do not start right away, or they start slowly.

Tardive dyskinesia is usually caused by taking antipsychotic medicines in high doses, or for a long time.  This happens more often with older antipsychotic medicines.  Usually, tardive dyskinesia happens when these medicines are taken for many months or years.  But some people get tardive dyskinesia after taking these medicines for only 6 weeks.

Causes 
The medicines that are most likely to cause tardive dyskinesia are these older antipsychotic medicines:
 Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
 Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
 Haloperidol (Haldol)
 Trifluoperazine
Other medicines that are similar to these antipsychotics can also cause tardive dyskinesia.  These medicines are used to treat gastrointestinal problems, like nausea, vomiting, and delayed gastric emptying (when the stomach does not empty as quickly as normal).  If they are taken for a long time, they can cause tardive dyskinesia:
 Metoclopramide (Reglan)
 Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

Newer antipsychotic medicines (also called "atypical antipsychotics") are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia, but they still can.

Who gets tardive dyskinesia? 
Nobody knows why some people get tardive dyskinesia after taking antipsychotic medicines while others do not.  But there are certain groups of people who are more likely to get tardive dyskinesia.  The longer a person has been on antipsychotic medicines, the more likely they are to get TD.
Most people who get tardive dyskinesia are people who have schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, and have been on antipsychotic medicines for a long time.  But some other people can get tardive dyskinesia too.  Some people have a very high risk of getting tardive dyskinesia.  They can get TD even after taking an antipsychotic medicine just once.  People that have this very high risk include:
 People with fetal alcohol syndrome
 People with other developmental disabilities
 People with brain diseases or injuries

Symptoms 
The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are movements of the face, lips, tongue, torso, arms, and legs.  The person with tardive dyskinesia cannot stop or control these movements.  For example, people with tardive dyskinesia often cannot stop themselves from:
 Smacking their lips
 Pushing their tongue out
 Swinging their jaw
 Moving their mouth like they are chewing or sucking
 Moving their fingers, arms, or legs
Often, people with tardive dyskinesia also have akathisia.  This is a constant urge to move, or always being restless.

Prevention 
Doctors can try to prevent tardive dyskinesia by:
 Using the lowest possible dose of antipsychotic medicine
 Using antipsychotic medicine for the shortest possible time
 Using newer (atypical) antipsychotic medicines instead of older antipsychotics which are more likely to cause TD
 Checking for symptoms of TD at every appointment with the patient

Treatment 
Diagnosing tardive dyskinesia early is very important.  Sometimes, if the drug that is causing TD is stopped early enough, the tardive dyskinesia will go away.  This is more likely to happen if the TD is diagnosed soon after its symptoms start.

Sometimes, even if the medication is stopped, the tardive dyskinesia never goes away.
If a person with TD still needs antipsychotic medicines, a medication called clozapine (Clozaril) is the best choice.  It is a newer antipsychotic, it often works well for schizophrenia that is hard to treat, and it has less of a risk of causing or worsening TD.

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any medicines to treat the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.  Some doctors use these medications:
 Benzodiazepines, especially clonazepam (Klonopin)
 Clonidine (Catapres), a medication used for blood pressure and many other things
 Medicines given for Parkinson's disease, like pramipexole (Mirapex) and baclofen

Some small experiments have said that these medicines may be helpful for TD symptoms:
 Ondansetron (Zofran), a medicine for nausea and vomiting
 Vitamin E
 Levodopa (L-DOPA), an old medicine used for Parkinson's disease
 Propranolol, a blood pressure medicine that can also be used for tremors
 Zonisamide (Zonegran), an anti-seizure medication
 Botulinum toxin (Botox)
References 

Neurology
Louis Renault was a French jurist and educator. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1907.

Renault was born at Autun on 21 May 1843.  He was a professor at the University of Dijon.  He then worked at the University of Paris until his death on 8 February 1918.

1843 births
1918 deaths
Nobel Peace Prize winners
French Nobel Prize winners
French lawyers
People from Saône-et-Loire
The South African general election of 1994 was an election held in South Africa. The election was free and equal and conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). At the end of the general election, President Nelson Mandela became the first President of South Africa. 

Millions of people were in lines over a three-day voting period. The total of people who's votes were counted were 19,726,579 and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As required by the Interim Constitution, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party, the two other parties that won more than twenty seats in the National Assembly.

The date 27 April is now a public holidays in South Africa. It is known as Freedom Day.

Other websites
U.S. Department of the Army, South Africa Country Study, "The 1994 Elections"
 IEC results for 1994 election 
 Proportional representation and alternative systems
1994 in Africa
Politics of South Africa
Nelson Mandela
1994 elections
1990s in South Africa
Elections in Africa
General elections
April 1994 events
The Equalizer is a 2014 American action crime thriller movie. It is set in Boston, Massachusetts. It stars Denzel Washington and Melissa Leo. It is based on the TV series of the same name. This movie is about retired intelligence officer Robert McCall (Washington). He becomes a vigilante on behalf of helpless people, though he gets heat from the Russian Mafia. The movie was released worldwide on September 26, 2014. It was followed up

Other websites
 

2014 action movies
2010s action thriller movies
2014 crime thriller movies
American action thriller movies
2010s American crime thriller movies
2010s English-language movies
Film noir
Movies based on TV series
Movies set in Boston
Vigilante movies
Movies directed by Antoine Fuqua
The Rivonia Trial was a trial that took place in South Africa between 1963 and 1964. Ten leaders of the African National Congress were tried for 221 acts of sabotage designed to overthrow the apartheid system. This trial was held after the police raid on the MK base in Rivonia, where documents related to the 10 accused men were found. One of the men was the future President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela. After the trial, Mandela was taken to jail in Robben Island.

The chief prosecutor was Dr. Percy Yutar, deputy attorney-general of the Transvaal.

The presiding judge was Dr. Quartus de Wet, judge-president of the Transvaal.

Arrests 

Among the arrested were:
Nelson Mandela
 Walter Sisulu
 Govan Mbeki
 Raymond Mhlaba
 Andrew Mlangeni
 Elias Motsoaledi, trade union and ANC member
 Ahmed Kathrada
 Denis Goldberg, a Cape Town engineer and leader of the Congress of Democrats
 Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein, architect and member of the South African Communist Party (SACP)
 Bob Hepple
 Arthur Goldreich
 Harold Wolpe, prominent attorney and activist
 James "Jimmy" Kantor, brother-in-law of Harold Wolpe

Most of the Rivonia defendants were to be convicted, and in turn sentenced to life imprisonment.

Other websites
 "The Rivonia Trial " - article by Sunder Katwala from The Observer, dated Sunday, 11 February 2001
 ANC history 
 On the trail of Mandela's handgun
 Rivonia Unmasked The prosecutor's account of the Rivonia Trial.
 Historical Papers of the Rivonia Trial, Digital Collection at the University of the Witwatersrand.
 Rivonia Trial Images

1963
1964 in Africa
Nelson Mandela
20th century in South Africa
María Conchita Alonso (June 29, 1957) is a Latin American actress who has performed in lots of movies and television programs. She acted in movies including Vampire's Kiss, The Running Man and Colors. Alonso was born in Cuba, and grew up in Caracas, Venezuela. She is an American citizen.

Alonso is active politically and is a critic of Cuba's Fidel Castro and late Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez.

References

Other websites 

American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
Cuban actors
People from Caracas
1957 births
Living people
Monica Potter (born June 30, 1971) is an American actress. She works in both movies and television programs. She played Alison Gordon in the 2004 movie Saw, Tricia Poe in the thriller movie Con Air and Kristina Braverman in the television show Parenthood. She also played Lori Colson in Boston Legal. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

American television actors
American movie actors
1971 births
Living people
Actors from Cleveland
American Roman Catholics
Child actors
Vegetarians
Kate Walsh (born October 13, 1967) is an American actress who acts in both movies and television programs. She played Addison Montgomery in the show Grey's Anatomy and in Private Practice. She played Nicki in The Drew Carey Show. Walsh was born in San Jose, California.

Other websites 

Actors from Santa Clara County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
1967 births
Living people
Family Research Council is an American conservative Christian group that started in 1981 and established in 1983 by James Dobson. In the late 1980s, the Family Research Council became part of Dobson's organization Focus on the Family. Although in 1992 the Family Research Council became a separate group again. They strongly oppose abortion, homosexuality and LGBT rights.

References

Christian organizations based in the United States
1983 establishments in the United States
Non-profit organizations of Washington, D.C.
Nushki is a town and a district in Balochistan, Pakistan. The population of Nushki is around 40000 people. The city is in the northwest of Balochistan near to the Afghanistan border.

Cities in Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Darwin–Wedgwood family is actually two inter-related English families, descended from the prominent 18th century doctor, Erasmus Darwin, and Josiah Wedgwood, founder of the pottery firm, Josiah Wedgwood and Sons, the most notable member of which was Charles Darwin. There were a number of first and second cousin marriages between the two families: Charles Darwin married his cousin Emma Wedgwood.

The family contained at least ten Fellows of the Royal Society and several artists and poets (including the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams). The Wedgwoods were extremely important in British industry in the west Midlands. As Quakers, they were all anti-slavery, and so were the Darwins. The families were also closely related to the banking family of Francis Galton. Galton was one of Charles Darwin's cousins. 

Darwin family
Wedgwood family
Flood control is a term to refer to measures that protect settlements, people and property against flooding. Such measures include building dams, levees and weirs. People also move away from floodplains where flooding is frequent.

Although it may be impossible to prevent flooding, there are a number of methods you can carry out to stop the water coming into your home or working environment. Simply follow these steps:

 Set up flood-barriers
 Have flood doors and windows installed if necessary
 Set up prevention and reaction solutions

Gallery

Related pages 
Levee

References
Octavia Leonare Spencer (born May 25, 1970) is an American actress. She has won several awards, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Golden Globe Award, and is the first black actress to receive two consecutive Oscar nominations

Life 

Octavia Spencer was born in Montgomery, Alabama. She has six brothers and sisters. 1988, she went to the Jefferson Davis High School and in this school she did her high school graduation.

Filmography
Filmography 

 1996: A Time to Kill
 1998: ER (TV Series)
 1999: Blue Streak
 1999: Never Been Kissed
 1999: Chicago Hop (TV Series)
 1999: The X-Files (TV Series)
 2000: Just Shoot Me!
 2000: Big Momma's House
 2000: Becker
 2000: Malcolm in the Middle
 2001: Grounded for Life (TV Series)
 2001: Dharma & Greg (TV Series)
 2001,2002: Titus (TV Series)
 2002,2005: NYPD Blue (TV Series)
 2003: S.W.A.T.
 2003: Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde
 2004: Win a Date with Tad Hamilton
 2004-2005: LAX (TV Series)
 2005: Beauty Shop
 2005: Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous
 2005: CSI: NY
 2005: Medium
 2007: Ugly Betty
 2008: Seven Pounds
 2008: Wizards of Waverly Place
 2008: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (TV Series)
 2008: The Big Bang Theory
 2009: Just Peck
 2009: Halloween II
 2010: The Dennis Schäfner Show
 2010: Dinner for Schmucks
 2011: Flypaper
 2011: The Help
 2012: Smashed
 2017: The Shape of Water
1970 births
American movie actors
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Living people
Actors from Montgomery, Alabama
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) sets a unique and meaningful name for every known human gene. It asks experts their opinions. The HGNC gives a long name, and an abbreviation (referred to as a symbol) to every gene. The HGNC is part of the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO).

Traditional gene names and abbreviations are often not specific for a single gene. Example: CAP (which means just "chromosome-associated protein") can refer to any of six different genes: (BRD4, CAP1 , LNPEP , PTPLA , SERPINB6 , and SORBS1 ).

Unlike traditional names like CAP, the HGNC short gene names, or gene symbols, are given to one gene only. This reduces confusion as to which gene is referred to.
Naming guidelines 
The HGNC approach to naming genes and assigning symbols (gene name abbreviations)is:
 gene symbols must be unique
 symbols should only use the Roman alphabet and Arabic numerals
 symbols should not contain punctuation or "G" for gene
 symbols do not contain any reference to the species they are encoded in, i.e. "H/h" for human
The full description of HGNC's nomenclature guidelines can be found on their web site . HGNC advocates the appendices _v1, _v2,.. to distinguish between different splice variants and _pr1, _pr2,.. for promoter variants of a single gene.

HGNC also states that "gene nomenclature should evolve with new technology rather than be restrictive as sometimes occurs when historical and single gene nomenclature systems are applied".
Procedure 
The HGNC contacts authors who have published on the human gene in question by e-mail. They are asked their opinion on the proposed nomenclature. HGNC also works with other database curators, and experts for specific gene families or sets of genes.

Revision 
Changing a standardised gene name after it has got established may cause confusion. The merit of such changes are therefore controversial. For this reason the HGNC changes a gene name only if agreement for that change can be got from most researchers working on that gene.

Related pages 
 Human Genome Organisation (HUGO)
 Human Genome Project
 human genome
 gene
 gene nomenclature

References

Other websites 
 HGNC homepage
 HUGO homepage

Genetics
A weir is a barrier built across a river which changes the flow of the river. Depending on the design, some pose problems for fish, as the fish cannot get across the weir.

Gallery

Flood control
In genetics, a promoter is a section of DNA which starts the transcription of a gene. 

Promoters are near the genes they transcribe. They are on the same strand of DNA and are 'upstream'.

Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.

Overview
For the transcription to take place, the enzyme that makes RNA, known as RNA polymerase, must attach to the DNA near a gene. 

Promoters contain specific DNA sequences which give the RNA polymerase a place to bind. Other proteins also help this to happen. Some can also stop it from happening. The whole thing is called "the regulation of gene expression". 

In bacteria The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase and another protein.
In eukaryotes The process is more complicated. At least seven different factors are needed so RNA polymerase II can bind to the promoter.
Promoters are important parts of the DNA. They work with other regulatory regions. Together, they adjust the level of transcription of a gene. So, genes get switched on when they are needed, and switched off when they are not. When they are on, they get adjusted up or down as needed.

References 

DNA
Elizabeth Anne "Lizzy" Caplan (born June 30, 1982) is an American television and movie actress. She has played many roles. She played Janis Ian in Mean Girls, Marlena Diamond in Cloverfield and Gena in Bachelorette. She also played Amy Burley in the show True Blood. Since 2013 she has played Virginia E. Johnson in Masters of Sex.
 
She was born in Los Angeles to a Jewish family.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1982 births
Living people
Tax evasion is criminal activity to evade taxes. It may be done by trusts, persons or organizations. The main way taxpayers evade taxes is by deliberately misrepresenting the actual state of their affairs to tax authorities to reduce their tax liability. This includes dishonest tax reporting, such as declaring less income or profit than the amounts which were actually earned. Tax evasion is an activity connected with the informal economy.

Related pages 
Corruption
Panama Papers

Taxation
Financial crimes
Paintball can be played indoors or outdoors, on fields specifically made for the game. The field is scattered with natural or artificial obstacles and terrain, which players use to hide behind. The objective can vary according to the type of game being played. Players may have to capture a flag held by the opposing team, defend or capture a particular point on the field, or simply eliminate all other players on the field until they are the only player or team remaining. Depending on the variant played, games can last from seconds to hours.

In many countries, paintball is regulated by specific laws. Players are usually required to wear protective gear (such as masks), and game rules are strictly enforced. Paintball is also used by military forces and law enforcement for training recruits.
Terrain 
The playing field is scattered with several obstacles. These are used to block the view of opponents and prevent them from firing accurately. They may be a shelter, fallen tree, barrels, or a cylindrical tube. In most modern speedball tournaments, inflatable vinyl objects of different shapes and sizes are used.

Variations 

 Scenario paintball - Scenario paintball games strive to be the most realistic paintball games you can play.  Scenario paintball games are usually based on a story line such as the Battles of Normandy or Iwo Jima, however they are not all limited to World War II. Some go into the realm of Sci-Fi and play out an alien invasion. In nearly every Scenario game there are props, character players, paintball grenades, smoke bombs and sometimes vehicles and bodies of water as well. Scenario Paintball is very similar to big Airsoft games. Scenario games also last much longer than the other types of paintball  games, usually lasting anywhere from 12 hours to several days.
Capture the Flag - There are two variations of this type: Normal two flag, and center flag. In the normal two flag type game, each team has a flag on opposite sides of the field. The objective is to capture the opposing team's flag and return it to your base. Center flag is where there is a single flag in the center of the field. The objective is to get the flag and take it to the far side of the field.
 Defend the Castle - This is again a two-team based paintball game and is not very common one. One team being inferior in numbers has to defend a Castle/ building while other with superior numbers has to conquer it. The desired objective of the game is met when the attackers enter the castle or die trying. It involves the combination of Paintball skills as well as the strategic planning at the same time.
Elimination - The objective is to simply eliminate everyone else on the other team. Games typically last from 15-20 minutes. Big games, however, can last hours. Most big games have rejuvenation every half hour or so, so if you get out in the first 10 minutes, you're not sitting on the sidelines for two hours.

References

Other websites 

 
Team sports
A sham marriage is when people get married just for the sake of convenience or to deceive the public or society. Entering such marriages is a violation of the law in some countries. Usual reasons for sham marriages are to gain immigration rights for one of the spouses or to create defense against the suspicion of homosexuality.

Marriage
Crime
The term lavender marriage relates to man-woman marriage which is for purposes of hiding homosexuality. This is called a "beard" in slang terminology. The term lavender marriage was started in the 1920s. Such marriages are called marriages of convenience. They are done to protect public reputations and preserve careers of some people.

Marriage
LGBT
Mail-order brides are women who list themselves in catalogs and are picked by males for marriage. The term mail-order bride dates back to the 19th century. These brides often come from one country and immigrate to another for marriage reasons. Finding a foreign husband gives such a woman a chance to leave her country and find better economic opportunities abroad. 

Marriage
Paula Prentiss (born March 4, 1938) is an American movie and television series actress. She first became famous in the 1960s. She played Bobbie Markowe in the 1975 movie version of The Stepford Wives. She played a maternity nurse in the 1996 movie Mrs. Winterbourne.

Prentiss was born in San Antonio, Texas.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from San Antonio, Texas
1938 births
Living people
Alice Faye (May 5, 1915 – May 9, 1998) was an American singer and actress. She was first in movies made by the 20th Century Fox, and then in other movies. She sang the Academy Award winning "You'll Never Know", a 1943 song. She also acted in the movie Poor Little Rich Girl in 1936 with Shirley Temple.

Faye was born in New York City. She died from stomach cancer at age eighty-three.

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
1915 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
A cassette player (or cassette deck) is a machine can play audio cassettes. 
Some cassette players also can record music or other sounds to cassette tapes. If a microphone is built in, there is no need for a separate microphone but in that case the quality of sound may not be so good. Most cassette decks were made in the late 20th century.

audio technology
Music technology
Lucrezia Borgia  (18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was the daughter of Pope Alexander VI, and his long-term mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei. Her brothers included Cesare Borgia, Giovanni Borgia, and Gioffre Borgia.

Lucrezia's family was typical of the ruthless Machiavellian politics and sexual corruption of the times. It was alleged to be characteristic of the Renaissance Papacy. Lucrezia was cast as a femme fatale, a role seen in many artworks, novels, and films.
Appearance 
Lucrezia is described as having heavy blonde hair which fell past her knees, a beautiful complexion, hazel eyes which changed colour, a full, high bosom, and a natural grace which made her appear to "walk on air". These features were highly appreciated in Italy during that period. Another description said that "her mouth is rather large, the teeth brilliantly white, her neck is slender and fair, and the bust is admirably proportioned".

One painting, Portrait of a Youth by Dosso Dossi at the National Gallery of Victoria, was identified as a portrait of Lucrezia in November 2008. This painting may be the only surviving formal portrait of Lucrezia Borgia; however, doubts have been cast on that claim. Several other paintings, such as Veneto's fanciful portrait, have also been said to depict her but none has been accepted by scholars at present.
Rumours 
Several rumours have persisted throughout the years, especially about the extravagant parties thrown by the Borgia family. There were allegations of incest, poisoning, and murder on her part, but no historical basis for these rumours has ever been found. Most of the allegations were made by the rivals of the Borgias.

 It is rumoured that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used to poison drinks.
 An early 20th century painting by Frank Cadogan Cowper that hangs in the London art gallery, Tate Britain, portrays Lucrezia taking the place of her father, Pope Alexander VI, at an official Vatican meeting. This apparently documents an actual event, although the precise moment depicted (a Franciscan friar kissing Lucrezia's feet) was invented by the artist.
Biographies
Lucrezia Borgia: life, love and death in Renaissance Italy by Sarah Bradford; Viking 2004; 
Lucrezia Borgia: a biography by Rachel Erlanger; 1978; 
Lucrezia Borgia by Maria Bellonci; Phoenix 2002; 
 The Borgias (1971) by Michael Mallett
Lucretia Borgia (1874?) by Ferdinand Gregorovius; translated in 1903 by John Leslie Garner
 The Borgias by Christopher Hibbert; Constable 2011;

References 

1480 births
1519 deaths
House of Borgia
Helen Menken (December 12, 1901 – March 27, 1966) was an American actress. She did some movies but was known mostly for stage plays. She began acting on Broadway around 1917. She was very active from the 1920s to the early 1940s. Her greatest stage successes were Seventh Heaven (1922-24), The Old Maid and Mary of Scotland.

Menken was born in New York City. She died there when she suffered a heart attack at the age of 64.

American movie actors
American stage actors
1901 births
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Actors from New York City
1966 deaths
Dame Judith Anderson AC DBE (10 February 1897 – 3 January 1992) was an Australian actress. She lived in the United States and performed on stage, television and movies. She received two Emmy Awards and a Tony Award for her acting. Her Hollywood movies included the Academy Award-nominated movie Rebecca, Laura in 1944 and The Diary of a Chambermaid in 1946. Anderson was born in Adelaide, South Australia, although she later relocated to Santa Barbara, California. Anderson died of pneumonia at 94.

References

1897 births
1992 deaths
Actors from Adelaide
Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Emmy Award winning actors
Infectious disease deaths in California
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Tony Award winning actors
2NE1 () was a K-pop girl group from South Korea. They were formed in 2009 and split in 2016. They are best known for their nine number one hit songs in South Korea. They are "Try to Follow Me", "Go Away", "Lonely", "I Am the Best", "Ugly", "I Love You", "Falling in Love", "Missing You", and "Come Back Home". Before their split, 2NE1 was one of the most successful girl groups in South Korea.

History 
2NE1's first single was "Lollipop" and came out in March 2009 featuring BIGBANG. Their official debut single "Fire" was released on May 6, 2009.

Their second single "I Don't Care" was released on 1 July 2009. "I Don't Care" achieved great success, topping various Korean music shows and was also the most downloaded song of the year. By the end of 2011 the song had sold 4,503,928 digital copies, becoming one of the most successful singles of all-time in Korea.

During 2011 and 2012, 2NE1 was active in Japan, and made some Japanese versions of their songs.
After the release of their second album Crush in 2014, the group became inactive for 2 years. Minzy left in March 2016, while the rest of the group broke up in November 2016. Their last song, Goodbye, was released in 2017 with the remaining members.

Albums 
2NE1 1st Mini Album (2009)
To Anyone (2010)
2NE1 2nd Mini Album (2011)
Nolza (2011)
Collection (2012)
Crush (2014)
Goodbye (2017, a single)

References 

K-pop music groups
South Korean girl groups
2000s music groups
2007 establishments in South Korea
2010s disestablishments in Asia
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups disestablished in 2016
Disestablishments in South Korea
Martha Raye (August 27, 1916 – October 19, 1994) was an American comedian, singer and actress. She began acting in movies and then acted in television series. She had her own show, The Martha Raye Show during the mid 1950s. She also appeared as Carrie on CBS' sitcom Alice.

Raye was born in Montana. She died from pneumonia at age 78 in Los Angeles.

Musicians from Montana
Singers from Montana
American television actors
American movie actors
Comedians from Montana
1916 births
1994 deaths
Actors from Montana
Deaths from pneumonia
Ida Lupino (February 4, 1918 – August 3, 1995) was an English-American author, director and actress. She appeared in almost sixty movies and directed seven others. She was also in television series, including The Donna Reed Show and Gilligan's Island. She retired from acting at sixty. Ida died in Los Angeles when she suffered a stroke at age seventy-seven.

English movie actors
American television actors
American movie actors
1918 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from stroke
English television actors
Elisabeth Moss (born 24 July 1982) is an American actress. She works in both movies and television. She played Zoey Bartlet in The West Wing and Peggy Olson in the series Mad Men. Moss was born in Los Angeles.

References 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1982 births
Living people
Ruby Dee (née Wallace; October 27, 1922 – June 11, 2014) was an American actress, screenwriter and playwright. She acted in many television series and movies. She won many awards, including Grammy Awards and Emmy Awards. She starred in Do the Right Thing, Jungle Fever No. 2 and in American Gangster. She also did many stage plays. She was married to activist and actor Ossie Davis.

Dee died on June 11, 2014, at her home in New Rochelle, New York, from natural causes at the age of 91.

References

Other websites 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Cleveland
African American actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Joan Leslie (January 26, 1925 – October 12, 2015) was an American actress. She acted in television and movies until 1991. Her first movie was Camille in 1936. Her other movies included Nine Lives are Not Enough and Two Guys from Milwaukee. She retired from acting around 1991. She was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Leslie died at the age of 90 in Los Angeles, California on October 12, 2015.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Detroit
American movie actors
American television actors
Scripture means writing in Latin. The word is mostly used to refer to the Bible or books that are considered sacred to a certain religion, like the Qur'an or Hindu scripture.

Other websites
Daily Scripture
Marian Hall Seldes (August 23, 1928 – October 6, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for her roles in Tom and Huck, Home Alone 3, The Haunting, If These Walls Could Talk 2, and in Mona Lisa Smile. She won a Tony Award in 1967.

Biography 
Seldes was born on August 23, 1928 in New York City, New York. She is of Russian-Jewish descent. Seldes studied at the Neighborhood Playhouse.

Seldes was married to Julian Claman from 1953 until they divorced in 1961. Her marriage to Julian was abusive. Seldes left the marriage after her father noticed marks on Seldes's face. Then she was married to Garson Kanin from 1990 until his death in 1999. She had one daughter with Julian, Katherine. 

Seldes died from dementia-related problems at her apartment in New York City, New York, aged 86.

References

Other websites
1928 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Jewish American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Tony Award winning actors
Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is an American politician who serves as the senior United States Senator from South Carolina, serving in office since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. He ran for President in 2016.

Early life
Graham was born on July 9, 1955 in Central, South Carolina. his parents were Millie and Florence James "F.J." Graham. He studied at the University of South Carolina.

U.S. senator (2003-present)
In 2002, Graham ran for the U.S. Senate after eight-term Republican incumbent Strom Thurmond announced his retirement. Graham won the primary unopposed and defeated Democratic opponent Alex Sanders in the general election. 

Graham was re-elected to a second term in 2008, defeating Bob Conley. He won a third term in 2014, defeating Democrat Brad Hutto and Independent Thomas Ravenel.
Graham is known in the Senate for his support for a strong national defense, his support of the military, and as an advocate of strong United States leadership in world affairs.  He is also known for his willingness to be bipartisan and work with Democrats on issues like global warming, tax reform and immigration reform and his belief that judicial nominees should not be opposed solely on their philosophical positions. He is also a critic of the Tea Party movement.

During his political career, Graham never lost an election.

2016 presidential campaign

On May 18, 2015, Graham informally announced his candidacy for President of the United States; he made a formal announcement on June 1 in his hometown of Central, South Carolina. After low polling numbers, Graham withdrew from the race on December 21, 2015. He later announced his support for Jeb Bush for president.

Personal life
Graham has never been married and has no children. He was close friends with the late Arizona senator John McCain.

References
References

Other websites

United States Senator Lindsey Graham official U.S. Senate site
Lindsey Graham for U.S. Senate official campaign site
Profile  at SourceWatch
"Swing Conservative: The perilous bipartisanship of Lindsey Graham."  Washington Monthly, April 2005
"The American Ghosts of Abu Ghraib", Sam Provance, Consortium News, March 27, 2007

1955 births
Living people
American Baptists
Lawyers from South Carolina
American colonels
2016 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from South Carolina
United States senators from South Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
South Carolina Republicans
Wagamama is an international restaurant chain serving East Asian food. The name means 'selfish' in Japanese. It was founded in 1992 by Alan Yau in Bloomsbury, central London. As of 2013 there are 133 restaurants worldwide, mostly in Europe.

Other websites
Website

European restaurants
1992 establishments in England
Despicable Me is a 2010 American family/animated/comedy/crime movie directed by Pierre Coffin. It stars Steve Carell, Will Arnett, Kristen Wiig, Russell Brand, Jason Segel, Julie Andrews, Ken Jeong, and Miranda Cosgrove. It was released on July 9, 2010. The movie received positive reviews. A sequel Despicable Me 2 was released on July 3, 2013, while a another sequel Despicable Me 3 was released on June 30, 2017. There is also a spinoff movie all about the comic relief characters in the series.
Cast 
 Steve Carell as Gru
 Jason Segel as Victor "Vector" Perkins
 Russell Brand as Dr. Nefario
 Kristen Wiig as Miss Hattie
 Miranda Cosgrove as Margo
 Dana Gaier as Edith
 Elsie Fisher as Agnes
 Will Arnett as Mr. Perkins
 Julie Andrews as Marlena, Gru's mother
 Danny McBride as Fred McDade
 Jack McBrayer as a Carnival Barker
 McBrayer also voices a tourist, who is Justin's father
Additional Voices Lori Alan, Steve Alterman, Jeremy Bowker, Jack Angel, Dee Bradley Baker, Bob Bergen, Gregg Berger, J.B. Blanc, Rodger Bumpass, Earl Boen, David Cowgill, Darin De Paul, Jim Cummings, Holly Dorff, Richard Epcar, Eddie Frierson, Jackie Gonneau, Kyle Hebert, Ranjani Brow, Crispin Freeman, Katie Leigh, Wendy Hoffman, Greg Ellis, Don Fullilove, Philip L. Clarke, Anne Lockhart, Mike Gomez, Edie Lehmann-Boddicker, Luisa Leschin, Django Craig, Tony Lee, Tom Kane, Danny Mann, Mona Marshall, Scott Menville, Edie Mirman, Juan Pacheco, Bradley Pierce, Jonathan Nichols, Paul Pape, Phil Proctor, Tony Oliver, Al Rodrigo, Michelle Ruff, Regina Taufen, David Randolph, James Kyson, John Hans Tester, Randy Thom, Josh Petersdorf, Andre Sogliuzzo, Skip Stellrecht, Kirk Thornton, Claudette Wells, Debi Mae West, Dave Wittenberg, Jim Ward. Additional Children's Voices Charles Bright, Mikaila Baumel.
2010 animated movies
2010s criminal comedy movies
2010 crime movies
2010 comedy movies
American family movies
American animated movies
American criminal comedy movies
American adventure movies
Despicable Me
Universal Pictures movies
Supervillain movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Pierre Coffin
Despicable Me 2 is a 2013 American computer-animated action/comedy movie directed by Pierre Coffin. It is a sequel to the 2010 animated movie Despicable Me. It stars Steve Carell, Russell Brand, Kristen Wiig, Benjamin Bratt, Ken Jeong, Steve Coogan, and Miranda Cosgrove. It was released on July 3, 2013. It received good reviews from critics. A spinoff/prequel movie, Minions, focusing on the little yellow henchmen before they met Gru, was released on July 10, 2015. A sequel, Despicable Me 3, was released on June 30, 2017.

Release Dates 

2013 animated movies
2013 comedy movies
American animated movies
American adventure movies
American comedy movies
American family movies
Despicable Me
Sequel movies
English-language movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Pierre Coffin
Jean Marsh (b.  London, 1 July 1934) is an English actress and screenwriter who appeared mostly on television.

Marsh co-created and starred in the television series Upstairs, Downstairs and created The House of Elliot. She also starred in Doctor Who, and appeared in many other series, and in films. She got an Emmy Award for the Outstanding Lead Actress for the role of the parlourmaid Rose Buck in Upstairs, Downstairs.

References 

English television actors
1934 births
Living people
Actors from London
Emmy Award winning actors