Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Naoki Chiba (born 24 July 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Brummel Sendai||rowspan="3"|Football League||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1997||17||1||2||0||1||0||20||1
|-
|1998||26||0||4||0||4||0||34||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="12"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||31||0||2||0||2||0||35||0
|-
|2000||39||2||1||0||2||0||42||2
|-
|2001||38||1||3||1||2||0||43||2
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||17||0||0||0||5||0||22||0
|-
|2003||8||0||0||0||2||0||10||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="6"|J. League 2||27||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2005||36||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2006||44||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||46||2
|-
|2007||43||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||43||4
|-
|2008||39||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||40||1
|-
|2009||40||5||4||0||colspan="2"|-||44||5
|-
|2010||J. League 1||25||0||1||0||3||0||29||0
|
430||18||21||1||21||0||472||19
430||18||21||1||21||0||472||19
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Miyagi Prefecture
Biography
Takakuwa was born in Tokyo on August 10, 1973. After graduating from Nihon University High School, he joined Yokohama Marinos (later Yokohama F. Marinos) in 1992. However he could not play in the match behind Japan national team goalkeeper, Shigetatsu Matsunaga and Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi. He moved to Kashima Antlers in 1996. In 1998, he became a regular goalkeeper and won the champions in J1 League. In Asia, the club won 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. In 2000, the club won all three major title in Japan; J1 League, J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. He also was selected Best Eleven. In 2001, his opportunity to play decreased behind Hitoshi Sogahata. He moved to Tokyo Verdy in 2002 and Vegalta Sendai in 2003. At Sendai, he played as regular goalkeeper from 2004 to July 2006. In 2007, he returned to Yokohama F. Marinos for the first time in 11 years. However he could hardly play in the match. He moved to Tokushima Vortis in 2009 and retired end of 2009 season.
In October 2000, Takakuwa was selected the Japan national team for 2000 Asian Cup. At this competition, on October 20, he debuted against Qatar. Although he played only one match, Japan won the champions.

Statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="5"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="5"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="6"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="6"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1998||24||0||3||0||5||0||32||0
|-
|1999||26||0||2||0||7||0||35||0
|-
|2000||30||0||4||0||4||0||38||0
|-
|2001||9||0||1||0||0||0||10||0
|-
|2002||Tokyo Verdy||J1 League||12||0||0||0||5||0||17||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="4"|Vegalta Sendai||J1 League||11||0||1||0||5||0||17||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|J2 League||44||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||46||0
|-
|2005||43||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|-
|2006||25||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="2"|J1 League||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||Tokushima Vortis||J2 League||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
225||0||14||0||27||0||266||0
225||0||14||0||27||0||266||0
|}
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
Kashima Antlers players
Tokyo Verdy players
Vegalta Sendai players
Tokushima Vortis players
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="7"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|1998||32||1||2||0||4||0||38||1
|-
|1999||30||0||1||0||2||0||33||0
|-
|2000||J. League 2||39||0||4||0||2||0||45||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||30||0||0||0||6||0||36||0
|-
|2002||10||1||1||0||7||0||18||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||J. League 1||26||0||0||0||6||0||32||0
|-
|2004||J. League 2||16||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 2||11||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2006||J. League 1||16||0||1||0||2||0||19||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Sanga||J. League 2||44||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||44||1
|-
|2008||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2009||Roasso Kumamoto||J. League 2||43||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||43||3
297||6||12||0||30||0||339||6
297||6||12||0||30||0||339||6
|}

References
References

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Toshiyuki Abe (born 1 August 1974) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="5"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||14||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||4||0||4||0
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|1998||23||1||4||0||5||0||32||1
|-
|1999||26||2||2||0||6||1||34||3
|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 2||28||7||2||1||0||0||30||8
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||23||3||4||2||6||0||33||5
|-
|2002||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||10||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2003||15||1||0||0||6||0||21||1
|-
|2004||Albirex Niigata||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||3||0||3||0
|-
|2005||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||8||0||1||0||4||0||13||0
151||14||36||1||15||3||202||18
151||14||36||1||15||3||202||18
|}

References
References

1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Albirex Niigata players
Association football midfielders
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japanese football managers
Kashima Antlers players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Vegalta Sendai players
is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="7"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||26||4||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|1996||28||6||4||1||13||2||45||9
|-
|1997||0||0||2||1||5||0||7||1
|-
|1998||31||4||0||0||3||2||34||6
|-
|1999||14||3||0||0||2||1||16||4
|-
|2000||J. League 2||22||9||4||0||2||0||28||9
|-
|2001||J. League 1||9||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2003||7||0||0||0||1||0||8||0
143||26||13||2||27||5||183||33
143||26||13||2||27||5||183||33
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Iwamoto was born in Yokohama on May 2, 1972. After graduating from Yokohama College of Commerce High School, he joined Fujita Industries (later Bellmare Hiratsuka) in 1991. In 1994, the club won 1994 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club also won 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. After that, he could not become regular player due to injuries. In the latter the 1990s, he played for Kyoto Purple Sanga (1998), Kawasaki Frontale (1999) and Verdy Kawasaki (2000). In 2001, he moved to Vegalta Sendai. At Vegalta, he became a regular player and assisted many goals. In 2004, he moved to Nagoya Grampus Eight. However he got hurt in May and he left the club end of the season. In October 2006, he signed with Auckland City and played until December. In December, he also played at 2006 Club World Cup in Japan. He retired after 2006 Club World Cup.
On May 22, 1994, Iwamoto debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. He also played at 1994 Asian Games. At Asian Games, he wore the number 10 shirt for Japan. He played 9 games and scored 2 goals for Japan in 1994.

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Fujita Industries||JSL Division 2||22||7||||||0||0||22||7
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||14||2||4||3||colspan="2"|-||18||5
|-
|1993||10||1||1||0||4||3||15||4
|-
|1994||rowspan="4"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="4"|J1 League||37||6||5||3||1||1||43||10
|-
|1995||18||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||19||2
|-
|1996||17||3||3||0||9||2||29||5
|-
|1997||24||4||3||2||6||0||33||6
|-
|1998||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J1 League||33||8||1||0||4||1||38||9
|-
|1999||Kawasaki Frontale||J2 League||12||5||0||0||1||0||13||5
|-
|2000||Verdy Kawasaki||J1 League||9||0||0||0||2||0||11||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="3"|Vegalta Sendai||J2 League||34||5||3||0||2||1||39||6
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|J1 League||22||4||2||0||6||0||30||4
|-
|2003||26||5||0||0||4||0||30||5
|-
|2004||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J1 League||5||0||0||0||1||0||6||0

|-
|2006/07||Auckland City||Championship||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
287||55||19||5||40||8||322||65
3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
290||53||19||5||40||8||325||65
|}
|-
|1994||9||2
|-
!Total||9||2
|}

References

Other websites

1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Shonan Bellmare players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
Kawasaki Frontale players
Tokyo Verdy players
Vegalta Sendai players
Nagoya Grampus players
Sportspeople from Yokohama
A Web service is defined as "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network". Web services are frequently just Web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services.

The W3C Web service definition encompasses many different systems, but in common usage the term refers to clients and servers that communicate over the HTTP used on the Web. Such services tend to fall into one of two camps: Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services.
"Big Web Services" use XML messages that follow the SOAP standard and have been popular with traditional enterprise. In such systems, there is often a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but it is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .NET SOAP frameworks (frameworks such as Spring, Apache Axis2 and Apache CXF being notable exceptions). Some industry organizations, such as the WS-I, mandate both SOAP and WSDL in their definition of a Web service.

More recently, RESTful Web services have been regaining popularity, particularly with Internet companies. These also meet the W3C definition, and are often better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services. They do not require XML messages or WSDL service-API definitions.

Internet
Johannes Fibiger (Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, 23 April 1867  30 January 1928) was a Danish doctor. He won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery that an infection could lead to cancer.

References 

1867 births
1928 deaths
Danish physicians
Danish Nobel Prize winners
Julius Wagner-Jauregg (March 7, 1857 – September 27, 1940) was an Austrian doctor. He won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery that malaria inoculation helps the treatment of paralysis.

References

1857 births
1940 deaths
Austrian scientists
Austrian Nobel Prize winners
Austrian physicians
Pricing is the creation of a price. In a market economy the price is made by supply and demand. The suppliers would like to get the price as high as possible and the consumers would like to pay as few as possible. Prices will be built if consumers and salesmen make an agreement of the exchange of goods.

Type of market

Oligopoly
There are many consumers but only a few suppliers.

Monopoly
There are many consumers but only one supplier.

Polypoly
Many suppliers are compared to many consumers. By the low market share of the individual supplier you call it "atomize market structure". You also call this market form competitive market.

Very important factors for

Suppliers
Cost of production
Amount of the market price
Speculation
Production facilities
Market position of the suppliers
engineering progress
national sanctions
quantity demanded
Consumers
Cost of production
Necessity
Available income
Quality of the product
Price of substitute (compensating) goods
Price of complementary (additional) goods
Quantity of supply

Law of supply
The supplier will offer more goods, if the market price is rising. (and backwards)

Law of demand
The consumer will demand more goods, if the market price drops. (and backwards)

Microeconomics
OEM stands for Original Equipment Manufacturing. It is mainly used to describe parts for cars, airplanes and electrical systems. It is also used for computer parts and computer programs.

The name OEM is usually used when a new version of something is made by a company that is different to the company that first made it. The new company will sell the product at a cheaper price, but this is often because it does not have as many features as the first version. For example, an OEM computer program will usually only come with the disc and a licence, but no instruction manuals.

Manufacturing
Software
The pubis, or pubic bone, is one of the bones that make up the pelvis.  It is ventral and anterior. In other words, it is at the front in humans, and below in most other mammals. 

The left and right hip bones join at the pubic symphysis. In the female, the pubic bone in front is covered by the urethral sponge.  This is a layer of fat,  forming the mons pubis or mons Venus.

The body of the pubis forms one-fifth of the acetabulum, the area around the hip socket. It contributes to the hip socket itself. Its inner surface is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis.

More images

Other websites 
  - "The Male Pelvis: Hip Bone"

Bones
The Kingdom of Poland was a proposed landlocked puppet state of the German Empire. It was proposed by Act of November 5th.
 
  

 Józef Rapacki, Pro memoria. Prusak w Polsce, Wydawnictwo Tygodnika Ilustrowanego, Warszawa

Former countries in Europe
Puppet states
The Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) is an arboreal colubrid snake the lives in parts of coastal Australia, Papua New Guinea, and islands in northwestern Melanesia.

This snake is known for being an invasive species, responsible for killing the bird population on Guam.

Diet
The Brown tree snake eats birds, lizards, and bats.  It also eats small rodents in its home.   It also eats birds and shrews at Guam.

Due to the amount of prey and lack of predators in habitats such as Guam, they have been known to grow to larger sizes than their normal 1 to 2 meters in length. The longest recorded length of this species is one found on Guam was three meters.
Reproduction
Reproduction has not been looked at in detail.   The female makes 4-12 eggs, 42–47 mm long and 18–22 mm wide with a leathery shell.    Females make up to two groups, called clutches per year depending on season, climate. and amount of prey.   The female places the eggs in hollow logs, rock cracks, and other places where they are likely protected from drying and high temperatures.

Venom
The Brown tree snake is a nocturnal snake that can be very aggressive when confronted. The fangs are grooved rather than hollow fangs, the poison is hard to place into a bite on a human, in this way, is only given in small amount. The venom appears to be weakly neurotoxic and possibly cytotoxic. Adults are not affectly in a great way, however, children are in greater danger.

References 

Colubrids
Snakes of Australia
Flagellation or flogging is  hitting the  body with a whip. The word comes from flagellum, the Latin word for Whip. Usually it is done as a punishment.

Punishment
Flogging was used to punish convicts in the penal colonies of Australia. After Irish convicts tried to start a riot at Castle Hill in 1804, many were flogged. Paddy Galvin was given 300 lashes at Parramatta, New South Wales. The first one hundred were across his back, and tore open his skin so the bones in his spine could be seen. The second hundred was given across his behind which became like jelly. A doctor ordered that the third hundred was given across the back of his legs. People watching were hit by pieces of skin and flesh. There are records in Tasmania of a convict named Greenwood, being given 1000 lashes for wounding an officer while trying to escape.

References

Punishments
The history of Curitiba has many different periods.

Indigenous period 

In the past, the region where today is the city of Curitiba was a region of exuberant forest, where the parana-pine was dominant. The first inhabitants of the region were the indigenous tribe Tingüi, by the Tupi-Guarani nation.

At the beginning of the Christian Era, the Plateau Curitibano (also known as First Plateau of Paraná) was inhabited by peoples potters. Subterranean houses, found at archaeological sites on the outskirts of Curitiba, show the adaptation of native to the adverse conditions of climate, as the cold wind, frost and snow.

In time of arrival of the Portuguese to Brazil, the Plateau Curitibano was occupied by groups of linguistic families Jê and Tupi-Guarani.

Colonization period
The first ten years of the 16th century marked the beginning of a war of conquest of Europeans against the indigenous peoples who inhabited the plateaus of southeastern and southern Brazil. Were Portuguese and Spanish expeditions in search of precious metals and stones, and Indians to enslave. 

The region of Curitiba began to be populated by non-Indians around 1630, by people from Paranaguá, where the alluvium gold had been discovered, forming the village of "Our Lady of Light and Good Jesus of Pine Forest", which was became in town in 1693. The Portuguese who founded a village in 1693 gave it the name of Vila da Nossa Senhora da Luz dos Pinhais ("Our Lady of the Light in the Pine Forest"). The name was changed to Curitiba in 1721.
There is a legend telling that around 1648 a group of pioneers founded a small village near the Atuba River while searching for gold. These pioneers venerated Nossa Senhor da Luz and made a special place there for her statue. The legend tells that every morning the image turned her eyes to a pine tree forest, which the pioneers knew was a sacred place of the Indians. The explorers took this as a sign that Nossa Senhora was showing them a special place for their village. Even though they knew that the Indians took them as enemies, the pioneers took the risk and went in to the forest to find this special place. When the pioneers got close to the tribe, a miracle happened: the Indians were peaceful and expecting them to come. Done contact with the leader of the Tingüi tribe, the cacique Tindiqüera would have said the new location and put a stick in the ground, saying "Coré Etuba" ("many pines"). By this stick would have grown a great tree, where today is the zero mark of Curitiba
. At that place the pioneers built a chapel in honor of the saint, now called Nossa Senhora da Luz dos Pinhais ("Our Lady of the Light in the Pine Forest").
Curitiba officially became a town in 1812, orthography its name as Curityba. An alternative orthography also came up: Coritiba. This orthography looked to become dominant for it was used in press and state documents, but a state decree in 1919 decided the dispute by orthography the city name Curitiba. Growth was based on the cattle trade, being a way between cattle breeding country to the South and markets to the North. Developing effective started from the beginning of the 19th century, with the exploitation and exportation of Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), and the elevation to the condition that city in 1842.
Immigration period 

Waves of European immigrants started arriving after 1850, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians. In 1853, the south and southwest of the province of São Paulo are separated, forming the new province of Paraná, and Curitiba has become capital. The Universidade Federal do Paraná (Federal University of Paraná), the first in Brazil, was established in Curitiba in 1913, the same year in which electric streetcars were first deployed.

As most of Southern Brazil's population, Curitiba is mostly inhabited by Brazilians of European descent. The first Europeans to arrive in the region were of Portuguese origin, during the 17th century. They intermarried with the native people and with the African slaves.

In the 19th century, the influx of immigrants from Europe increased. In 1828, the first German immigrants settled in Paraná. However, large numbers of immigrants from Germany only arrived in Curitiba during the 1870s, most of them was Volga Germans from Russia.
Immigrants from Poland first arrived in 1871, settling in rural areas near to Curitiba. They largely influenced the agriculture of the region. Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world, second only to Chicago, and is the only Brazilian city to have orthography in Polish language: Kurytyba.

Italian immigrants started arriving in Curitiba in 1878. They came mostly from the Veneto and Trento regions, in Northern Italy and settled mostly in the Santa Felicidade neighborhood, still today the center of the large Italian community of Curitiba.

Large numbers of Ukrainian immigrants settled in Curitiba, mostly between 1895 and 1897, when 20 thousands arrived. They were peasants from Galicia, who immigrated to Brazil to become small farmers. Nowadays there are 300 thousand Ukrainian-Brazilians living in Paraná.
Japanese immigrants starting arriving in the region in 1915. Curitiba received significant numbers of immigrants from Japan. Nowadays, there are about 40 thousand Japanese-Brazilians living in the city. 

Other immigrants, such as jewishes, Arabs from Lebanon and Syria, English, French, Russians and other Eastern Europeans also settled in Curitiba.

Current period 

During the 20th century, especially after the middle, the city is going through a large increase in population and is consolidating as regional hub for trade and services, becoming one of the richest cities in Brazil and pioneer in urban solutions. In the 1940s and 1950s, Alfred Agache, co-founder of the French Society for Urban Studies, was hired to produce the first city plan. It emphasised a "star" of boulevards, with public amenities downtown, an industrial district and sanitation. It was followed when possible, but was too expensive to complete.
By the 1960s, Curitiba's population had increased to 430,000, and some residents feared that the growth in population threatened to drastically change the character of the city. In 1964, Mayor Ivo Arzua solicited proposals for urban design. Architect Jaime Lerner - who later became mayor - led a team from the Universidade Federal do Paraná that suggested strict controls on urban sprawl, a reduction of traffic in the downtown area, preservation of Curitiba's Historic Sector, and a convenient and affordable public transit system. This plan, known as the Curitiba Master Plan, was adopted in 1968. Lerner closed the XV de Novembro St. to vehicles, because it had very high pedestrian traffic. The plan had a new road design to minimise traffic: the Trinary Road System. This uses two one-way streets moving in opposite directions which surround a smaller, two-lane street where the express buses have their exclusive lane.  Five of these roads form a star that converges to the city centre
.  Land farther from these roads is zoned for lower density developments, to reduce traffic away from the main roads. A number of areas subject to floods were condemned and became parks.
Currently, the immigration of foreigners is small - is common only immigrants from China, some Middle Eastern  and South American countries -, has been replaced by migration of Brazilians from other regions of the country (it is estimated that nowadays about half the population of Curitiba is composed of migrants).

References 

History of Brazil
Curitiba
Cosmopolitan is a word considered first made by Diogenes of Sinope and is made of two parts, cosmos and politics.  It can be used for:
A place or person that is proud of its multicultural heritage
World citizens think that all the people of the world should have and follow the same ideals or international law, especially on human rights and that the idea of nation-states will be therefore outdated, before international organizations.
Cosmopolitan (magazine), an American women's magazine.
A living thing has a cosmopolitan distribution if it lives on all parts of Earth.
Coimbra is a city in Portugal. It was the capital city of the country during the 12th century, and is home of the University of Coimbra, the oldest academic institution in the Portuguese language-speaking world.

According to the census of 2001, the city had a population of 101,069 inhabitants, and the municipality had a population of 148,443 inhabitants in a 319.4 km² land area. Over 430,000 inhabitants live in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Coimbra.
Corrientes is a city in Argentina. It is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, and about 1,000 km from Buenos Aires. According to the census of 2001, the city had 328,689 people.

As the provincial capital, Corrientes is the most important city in the province, being an economical center, and holds the authorities and governmental institutions.

Climate 

The annual average temperature is 21.3 degrees celsius, with maximum and minimum averages of 33 degrees celsius and 10 degrees celsius respectively. The annual rainfall is around 1,500 millimeters.

 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Corrientes Province
The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis or Agrilus marcopoli) is a shiny green beetle native to Asia. It made its way into the United States on accident and has since been spread to eleven states and to the border with Canada.

The beetle is an invasive species, and a serious pest which destroys ash trees. It has killed at least 25 million ash trees so far and threatens to kill most of the ash trees throughout North America.

Adults lay eggs in crevasses in the bark. Larvae burrow into the bark after hatching and consume the living tissue of cambium and phloem. This causes death within two years. The average emerging season for the emerald ash borer is early spring to late summer. Females lay around 75 eggs, but up to 300 from early May to mid-July.  The borer's life cycle is estimated to be one year in southern Michigan but may be up to two years in colder regions.
Huge efforts have been made to slow down its spread, but nothing has worked so far. Parasitoid wasps from Asia are being released, and a fungus which kills insects is being tried.

References

Polyphaga
Pests
The ratites are a group of medium to large birds, most of which are flightless. Most of them, including the largest (moas and elephant birds) are now extinct. 

Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum. In a flying bird the sternum anchors the wing muscles. 

Most parts of the former super-continent Gondwana have ratites, or did have until the fairly recent past. Their closest living relatives are the tinamous of South America.

The classification used here includes all ratites in the order Struthioniformes, but not the tinamous. This may change in future.

Evolution and systematics 
 
It was once thought that ratites were all one monophyletic group, which evolved together in Gondwana in the Upper Cretaceous. Then they evolved in their separate ways as Gondwana split up, and the parts drifted apart. The parts became the modern southern continents, plus Africa and the Indian subcontinent.
However, modern gene analysis conflicts with this. DNA analysis shows that the ratites diverged from one another too recently to share a common Gondwanian ancestor. However, all analyses show that rheas (South America) and the living Australasian/Oceanian ratites are monophyletic. 

Recent analysis of twenty nuclear genes suggests that the flighted tinamous cluster within the ratite lineage. The timamids are the sister group of the Australo-Pacific ratites.

If so, this would make 'ratites', as a whole, paraphyletic rather than monophyletic. Since tinamous are weak fliers, this raises interesting questions about the evolution of flightlessness in this group. If timamous are inside the ratite lineage, then ratites evolved flightlessness at least three times. Re-evolution of flight in the tinamous would be an alternative explanation, but that has no precedent in bird evolution, while loss of flight is commonplace.
Simple summary 
Tinamous are ratites. Therefore, ratites are a group of medium to large birds, most of whom are flightless, with the exception of the tinamous. The ratites evolved flightlessness more than once. The similarities between ostriches and the Australo-Pacific ratites is due to convergent evolution.

References 

 
Flightless birds
New Britain is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. It was named for Otto von Bismarck. It is separated from the island of New Guinea by the Dampier Strait, and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.

Other websites

Geography of Papua New Guinea
Gosford is a city on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 80 km north of Sydney. Gosford is the 18th largest local government area in Australia with a total resident population of 158,157.

References

Cities in New South Wales
Airlie Beach is a town in the Whitsunday Region of Queensland, Australia. At the 2006 census, Airlie Beach had a population of 2,751. The greater Whitsunday region had a population of approximately 31,000.

References 

Islands of Australia
Agama is a genus of lizards. It contains at least 31 species across Africa, where they are the most common lizard. 

They can be found in many sizes, from 5 inches to a foot in length and a wide variety of colors. One of the best known species is the red-headed rock agama (Agama agama), widespread in sub-Saharan Africa.

Iguania
Reptiles of Africa
Hurricane Luis was one of the most powerful storms of the very active 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. Even though Luis was strong it was still only the second strongest storm in 1995, the strongest was Hurricane Opal. Hurricane Luis was the strongest storm to hit the Leeward Islands since Hurricane Hugo in 1989. From August 22 to September 1 Humberto, Iris, Jerry, Luis, and Karen were active at the same time. Most of the places damaged by Luis were damaged only a week earlier by Hurricane Iris, except for the United States and Newfoundland (Canada) and most of the islands would be damaged again less than two weeks later by Hurricane Marilyn.

Meteorological History
The early stages of Luis's formation is track back to a tropical wave that moved off of Africa on August 26. The next day it became Tropical Depression Thirteen near Cape Verde. It reached Tropical Storm status on the 29th and was named Luis. It reached hurricane status on August 30 and reach category 4 strength on September 2. The next day Luis reached it's highest winds of 150 mph making it a Category 4. Luis continued west and crossed over Barbuda late on September 4. At this time Luis came very close to  Antigua, St. Barthelemy, St. Martin and Anguilla. Luis turned northwest and while it was 150 miles to the north of Puerto Rico Luis weakened to a category 2 hurricane, after being a major hurricane for a week. Luis kept slowly weakening and headed to the northeast. While Luis was offshore of Newfoundland he caused a wave more than 98 feet tall. Luis made landfall in eastern Newfoundland on September 11 while a category 1. That same day Luis became extratropical and died near Greenland.

Impact
Impact

These were the places impacted by Hurricane Luis. Many of the Island Countries were affected by Hurricane Iris a week before; many would also be affected by Hurricane Marilyn only ten days later.

Antigua and Barbuda
Luis caused a lot of damage in Antigua and Barbuda because it made landfall in that country. In Antigua about 50% of houses were either destroyed of damaged. In Barbuda nearly 70% of houses were either destroyed of damaged. The government of the country spent about $350 million in U.S. Dollars to fix the damage.

Bermuda
In Bermuda winds were reported up to 46 mph. However, there was no damage or people killed in Bermuda. On September 11 a ship called  Queen Elizabeth 2 got caught in the 98 foot wave that Luis caused. The ship was not damaged but it arrived late in New York.

Canada
The only Providence in Canada affected by Luis was Newfoundland.
Newfoundland
In Newfoundland, Luis killed one person and caused about $500,000 in damage. Luis dropped 2.4 to 4.7 inches of rain while it passed over Newfoundland on September 11.

Dominica
In Dominica, larges waves from Hurricane Luis caused one fisherman to get killed. Hurricane Luis caused about $47 million in damage to the island nation.

St. Martin
St. Martin, a small island was hurt most by Luis. Luis did not strike St. Martin, but it was hurt most by Luis because he caused 9 people to get killed and $1.8 billion in damage.

United States
In North Carolina, a U.S. state, a wave caused one person to get killed. Also, in New York, a wave washed under a house and later destroyed causing $1.9 million in damage.

Other places
In Guadeloupe, Luis killed one. In Saint Barthelemy, winds were recorded up to 155 mph. In Saint Kitts and Nevis, damages from Luis were at $197 million.
After the storm
After Hurricane Luis many organizations and Governments donated money to help fix the damage on the affect islands. The largest donation was the Government of the Netherlands, which donated $15.2 million.

Records
When Tropical Depression Thirteen became Tropical Storm Luis on August 29, it marked the earliest date of a seasons 12th named storm. While Luis was becoming extratropical it sped up to nearly 65 mph, making it the third fastest traveling Atlantic hurricane. On September 11 when Luis caused that 98 foot wave it was the highest wave recorded from an Atlantic hurricane. Until 2004, when Hurricane Ivan may have caused a wave up to 130 feet.

Retirement

The name Luis was retired in the spring of 1996. Luis was the first name retired since Andrew in 1992. Luis was also the first named storm starting with L to get its name retired. Luis is now only one of two L names to get retired, the other was Lili in 2002. In 2001 Lorenzo was used instead.

References
References

Other websites
 NHC Luis Report
 Canadian Hurricane Center 

Luis
Luis
1990s in Bermuda
1990s in Canada
1995 in the United States
Luis
Mossman is a town in north Queensland, Australia. It is on the Mossman River. There are about 1700 people living in Mossman. It was first called Mosman; the name was changed because there was a Sydney suburb called Mosman. Mossman is on the Captain Cook Highway,  north of Cairns.

Mossman Gorge, a popular attraction in Daintree National Park, is located west of town. Sugar cane farming is a major crop around Mossman. The Mossman Central Mill is the only sugar mill in the area; turns the cane into sugar.

The Mossman area was served by 2 separate tram systems using 2 foot (610 mm) gauge tracks (width of track). The trams carried passengers and general goods, as well as sugar cane. These tramways were the first transport in the area, proper roads were built much later.
Mossman has 5 primary schools and one high school. Mossman was once part of the old Douglas Shire. It was also part of the Cairns Regional Council but has since left the council after protests, prompting the creation of the Douglas Shire Council. Mossman has a number of sporting clubs such as the Mossman Sharks rugby league club and the Port Douglas Australian Rules Football club.

References

Other websites
Town information from the Sydney Morning Herald

Towns in Queensland
is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. His son Yuta Tsunami is also a footballer.

Biography
Tsunami was born in Setagaya, Tokyo on August 14, 1961. He joined Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) from their youth team in 1980. The club won the champions in Japan Soccer League 5 times, JSL Cup 3 times and Emperor's Cup 3 times. This was golden era in club history. He was also selected Best Eleven 3 times (1982, 1983 and 1984). In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. However he lost opportunity to play after that. Toward the end of his career, he played for Avispa Fukuoka (1996–1997) and Bellmare Hiratsuka (1997–1998). He retired in 1998. He played 267 games and scored 5 goals in the league.
In December 1980, Tsunami was selected the Japan national team for 1982 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, he debuted against Singapore on December 22. He also played at 1984 Summer Olympics qualification, 1988 Summer Olympics qualification and 1986 World Cup qualification. After 1988 Summer Olympics qualification in 1987, he ceased to be selected Japan.

In May 1992, Tsunami was selected Japan for the first time in 5 years. He was a member of the Japan team that won the 1992 Asian Cup. He played all the Japan games except one for which he wasn't eligible due to suspension.
He also played all matches at 1994 World Cup qualification in spring 1993. However he injured his left ankle in domestic league match in May. So, he could not play any game in the final round that was centrally held in Doha, Qatar in October. Japan's hope to qualify for the finals was dashed by a stoppage time Iraqi equaliser in the last qualifying match. The Japanese fans now refer to this match as the "Agony of Doha" (ドーハの悲劇), and his absence was one of the main reasons why Japan's campaign ended up unsuccessful. He played 78 games and scored 2 goals for the Japan until 1995.
After the retirement, Tsunami started coaching career at Verdy Kawasaki (later Tokyo Verdy) in 1999. He mainly served as manager for the youth team. In 2005, he moved to Vegalta Sendai and became a top team manager. In 2006, he returned to Verdy and became an assistant coach for top team under manager Ruy Ramos. In 2007, he moved to Cerezo Osaka and became a manager. However the club results were sluggish and he was sacked in May. In 2008, he signed with Yokohama FC and managed the club in 1 season.

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1980||rowspan="12"|Yomiuri||rowspan="12"|JSL Division 1||12||2||3||0||2||1||17||3
|-
|1981||18||1||5||0||1||0||24||1
|-
|1982||17||0||3||0||1||0||21||0
|-
|1983||18||0||3||0||3||0||24||0
|-
|1984||18||1||5||0||0||0||23||1
|-
|1985/86||21||0||2||0||4||1||27||1
|-
|1986/87||19||0||3||0||1||0||23||0
|-
|1987/88||10||0||4||0||1||0||15||0
|-
|1988/89||21||0||3||0||3||1||27||1
|-
|1989/90||10||0||4||0||4||0||18||0
|-
|1990/91||21||1||2||0||2||0||25||1
|-
|1991/92||21||0||4||1||5||0||30||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="4"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||3||0||11||1||14||1
|-
|1993||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|1994||8||0||2||1||0||0||10||1
|-
|1995||16||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J1 League||21||0||1||0||11||0||33||0
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="2"|J1 League||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|1998||5||0||0||0||4||0||9||0
267||5||47||2||53||4||367||11
267||5||47||2||53||4||367||11
|}
|-
|1980||3||0
|-
|1981||7||0
|-
|1982||8||0
|-
|1983||10||0
|-
|1984||5||0
|-
|1985||7||0
|-
|1986||5||2
|-
|1987||10||0
|-
|1988||0||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1991||0||0
|-
|1992||10||0
|-
|1993||10||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
!Total||78||0
|}

References

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Cerezo Osaka managers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Tokyo Verdy players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Shonan Bellmare players
1995 King Fahd Cup players
1992 AFC Asian Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
Ryuji Kawai (born 14 July 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="6"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2000||J. League 2||13||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="8"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||11||0||3||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|2004||9||0||1||0||3||0||3||1||16||1
|-
|2005||22||1||0||0||2||0||3||0||27||1
|-
|2006||25||1||3||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2007||33||3||2||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||42||3
|-
|2008||20||3||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||28||3
|-
|2009||11||0||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
145||8||18||1||31||0||6||1||200||10
145||8||18||1||31||0||6||1||200||10
|}
References
Yokohama F. Marinos 

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Matsui was born in Takatsuki on January 4, 1961. After graduating from Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nippon Kokan (later NKK) in 1983. From 1985, the club won the 2nd place for 3 years in a row and won the champions 1987 JSL Cup. In 1992, he moved to Shimizu S-Pulse joined new league J1 League. He retired in 1993.

On May 31, 1984, Matsui debuted for the Japan national team against China. In 1985, he played as regular goalkeeper at 1986 World Cup qualification. He also played at 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. He played 15 games for Japan until 1988.

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1983||rowspan="5"|Nippon Kokan||JSL Division 2||12||0
|-
|1984||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||18||0
|-
|1985/86||20||0
|-
|1986/87||22||0
|-
|1987/88||22||0
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|NKK||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||16||0
|-
|1989/90||22||0
|-
|1990/91||15||0
|-
|1991/92||JSL Division 2||23||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="2"|J1 League||0||0
|-
|1993||0||0
170||0
170||0
|}

|-
|1984||2||0
|-
|1985||8||0
|-
|1986||2||0
|-
|1987||1||0
|-
|1988||2||0
|-
!Total||15||0
|}

References

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
NKK SC players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Bando was born in Himeji on August 2, 1979. After graduating from Kotogaoka High School, he joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka in 1998. He played many matches as substitute forward. He was transferred to J2 League club Consadole Sapporo in 2000. He scored 15 goals and helped them to promote to J1. In 2002, he moved to Vissel Kobe which based in his local Hyogo Prefecture and became one of the key players in the team. He scored 17 goals in the 2004 season, which made him the third most prolific goal scorer in the league. He then returned to Gamba in 2006. He scored 16 goals and his good form earned him a call-up to the national team. In 2007, Gamba won the champions in J.League Cup. Although he could not play many matches for injury in 2008, Gamba won the champions in 2008 AFC Champions League first Asian title in the club history. Gamba also won the 2008 Emperor's Cup. At Emperor's Cup final, he played as substitute forward and scored a winning goal in extra time
. However his opportunity to play decreased behind new player Cho Jae-jin and Leandro in 2009. In 2010, Bando moved to Osaka's cross town rivals, Cerezo Osaka. Although he played many matches as substitute forward, he scored 10 goals in 2011. However he could hardly play in the match in 2013. In July, he moved to Sagan Tosu. However he could not play many matches. In 2015, he moved to J2 club Omiya Ardija. He played many matches in 2015 and Ardija was promoted to J1. However he could hardly play in the match from 2016. In 2018, he move to J3 League club FC Ryukyu. He played many matches and the club won the champions in 2018. Although the club was promoted to J2 from 2019, he retired end of the 2018 season.
In 1999, Bando was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1999 World Youth Championship. He played 5 matches and Japan won the 2nd place. On October 4, 2006, he debuted for the Japan national team against Ghana. He played 7 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 2008.

Statistics
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J1 League||13||2||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||18||3
|-
|1999||21||1||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||25||1
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Consadole Sapporo||J2 League||30||15||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||16
|-
|2001||J1 League||27||9||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||29||9
|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="4"|J1 League||26||4||0||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||31||4
|-
|2003||27||7||3||1||6||0||colspan="2"|-||36||8
|-
|2004||28||17||1||0||5||3||colspan="2"|-||34||20
|-
|2005||18||2||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||24||2
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="4"|J1 League||30||16||4||1||2||0||6||1||42||18
|-
|2007||31||9||4||2||10||2||colspan="2"|-||45||13
|-
|2008||15||1||5||1||1||0||7||2||28||4
|-
|2009||21||2||3||1||2||0||4||0||30||3
|-
|2010||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="4"|J1 League||18||5||3||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||26||7
|-
|2011||21||10||4||2||1||0||3||1||26||13
|-
|2012|||17||2||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||23||3
|-
|2013||0||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|-
|2013||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J1 League||6||0||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1
|-
|2014||5||0||0||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||9||2
|-
|2015||rowspan="3"|Omiya Ardija||J2 League||22||5||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||6
|-
|2016||rowspan="2"|J1 League||1||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2017||0||0||0||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|-
|2018||FC Ryukyu||J3 League||19||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||2
396||109||41||12||64||11||20||4||521||136
396||109||41||12||64||11||20||4||521||136
|}
|-
|2006||2||2
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
!Total||7||2
|}

References

Other websites

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
Vissel Kobe players
Cerezo Osaka players
Sagan Tosu players
Omiya Ardija players
FC Ryukyu players
is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Kazuyoshi Miura also played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Miura was born in Shizuoka on July 15, 1965. After graduating from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, through Brazilian club Santos, he joined Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) in 1986. The club won the champions in Japan Soccer League 3 times, JSL Cup 1 times and Emperor's Cup 2 times. In Asia, the club also won 1987 Asian Club Championship. In 1992, moved to new club Shimizu S-Pulse based in his local Shizuoka in 1992. In 1996, he returned to Verdy Kawasaki. The club won 1996 Emperor's Cup. However his opportunity for play has decreased, he moved to Avispa Fukuoka in 1999. He played as regular player at the club. However the club was relegated to J2 League in 2001 and he moved to Vissel Kobe in 2002. He retired in 2003. He was 38 years old.
On October 4, 1993, Miura debuted for the Japan national team against Ivory Coast. He played as left side-back on behalf of regular player Satoshi Tsunami who could not play for injury. Miura also played at 1994 World Cup qualification in Doha. However Japan failed to qualify for the 1994 World Cup. It was known as the "Agony of Doha" (ドーハの悲劇) in Japan. He played 3 games for Japan in 1993.
After retirement, Miura became a manager for J2 League club Giravanz Kitakyushu in 2011. Although Giravanz was at the bottom place in 2010 season, Miura led Giravanz to the 8th place in 2011 season. In 2012 season, Giravanz finished at the 9th place. In 2013, he moved to J2 club Tokyo Verdy which Miura played for long time. However the club results were bad and Miura was sacked in September 2014 when the club was at the 20th place of 22 clubs. In 2015, Miura moved to Thailand and signed with Chiangmai. However he was sacked for poor performance in July. In 2016, he signed with J3 League club Kataller Toyama. He moved to J3 club Kagoshima United FC in 2017. In 2018, he led the club to the 2nd place and the club was promoted to J2 first time in the club history. However he resigned end of 2018 season.

Statistics