Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Tucumán is the smallest of the provinces of Argentina. It is in the northwest of the country and its capital is San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán.

The province has the nickname El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.

Geography
The province of Tucumán has an area of  and is surrounded by the provinces:
 Salta to the north;
 Santiago del Estero to the east; and
 Catamarca to the south and west.

Tucumán has two main different geographical regions. The east is associated with the Gran Chaco flat lands, while the west presents a mixture of the Sierras of the Pampas to the south and the canyons of the Argentine Northwest to the north.

The highest peak in the province is the Cerro del Bolsón near the border with the Catamarca province. It has an elevation of .

The main river of the province is the Dulce that flows through the province where is known as the Salí river.
Climate
San Miguel de Tucumán, with an elevation of , has a humid subtropical climate (subtype Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).

The average temperature for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

Population
The inhabitants of Tucumán are known, in Spanish, as Tucumanos (women: Tucumanas).

The province of Tucumán has a population, in 2010, of 1,448,188; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Tucumán
Education 
There are four universities in Tucumán:
 Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (National University of Tucumán).
 Facultad Regional Tucumán, part of the Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (National Technological University).
 Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (Saint Thomas Aquinas University of the North).
 Universidad San Pablo-T (Saint Paul-T University).

Political division
The province is divided into 17 departments ().

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Tucuman.gov.ar Tucuman Province Official Website 
 TucumanTurismo.gob.ar Tucuman Tourism Official Website 

Tucumán Province
Duran Duran are  a British pop group. They formed in Birmingham, England in 1978 and were very popular in the  1980s.

Discography 
 Duran Duran (1981)
 Rio (1982)
 Seven and the Ragged Tiger (1983)
 Arena (1984)
 Notorious (1986)
 Big Thing (1988)
 Decade (1989)
 Liberty (1990)
 Duran Duran (The Wedding Album) (1993)
 Thank You (1995)
 Medazzaland (1997)
 Pop Trash (2000)
 Astronaut (2004)
 Red Carpet Massacre (2007)
 All You Need Is Now (2010)
 Paper Gods'' (2015)
 Future Past (2021)

1978 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
2020s British music groups
British pop rock bands
English pop music groups
English rock bands
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups from Birmingham
Warner Bros. Records artists
Peter Tosh (born Winston McIntosh, October 19, 1944- September 11, 1987) was a Jamaican reggae musican. He was a member of the Wailers with Bob Marley and Bunny Livingston. He was a Rastafarian and sang very political songs.  His songs were a lot more radical than his friend, Bob Marley's, whom he often criticized for selling out to the white mainstream. He also toured with the Rolling Stones and sang a duet with Mick Jagger. He was murdered in his home in Kingston during a robbery in 1987. His biggest claim to fame was a song titled "Legalize It" in relation to marijuana laws.

Discography

Studio albums
 Negril (1975)
 Legalize It (1976)
 Equal Rights (1977)
 Bush Doctor (1978)
 Mystic Man (1979)
 Wanted Dread And Alive (1981)
 Mama Africa (1983)
 No Nuclear War (1987)
 I Am That I Am (2001)

Live albums
 Captured Live (1984)
 Live at the One Love Peace Concert (2000)
 Live & Dangerous: Boston 1976 (2001)
 Live At The Jamaica World Music Festival 1982 (2002)
 Complete Captured Live (2004)
Compilations
These are the highest rated compilation albums on Allmusic.

 Collection Gold (1994)
 The Toughest (1996)
 The Best of Peter Tosh - Dread Don't Die (1996)
 Honorary Citizen (1997)
 Scrolls Of The Prophet: The Best of Peter Tosh (1999)
 Arise Black Man (1999)
 The Essential Peter Tosh - the Columbia Years (2003)
 ''Talking Revolution (2005)

References

Other websites
 Peter Tosh on Allmusic
 Discography
 Peter Tosh - Jamaicapage.com Feature
 VitalSpot - Peter Tosh 

1944 births
1987 deaths
Jamaican reggae musicians
Murdered musicians
Jamaican activists
Jamaican singer-songwriters
William Martin "Billy" Joel (born May 9, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter. He produced successful pop songs for two decades, from 1973's Piano Man to 1993's River of Dreams which marked his retirement. As well as writing classical music, he has frequently been on the road, usually with Elton John.  Yesterday was his birthday.  He was born on a Monday.

Joel was born in the Bronx, New York City. He grew up in Hicksville, New York. He joined his first band The Echoes (Later known as The Lost Souls) at age fourteen, and in the late 1960s he teamed up with The Hassles. The Hassles when on to release two albums. In 1970 After parting ways with The Hassles Joel and Hassles Drummer Jon Small Formed a two-man duo Attila. In 1971 his solo debut, Cold Spring Harbor, was released. (The title takes its name from a town in Long Island.)

He is a Democrat. In 1988, Joel played a New York City dog named Dodger in the Disney animated movie, Oliver & Company.
Joel has been married four times. The first three ended in divorce. His first marriage was from 1973 to 1982. His second marriage, from 1985 to 1994, was to supermodel Christie Brinkley. Their daughter, Alexa Ray Joel (born 1985) is one of his two children. His daughter's middle name is taken from one of his musical influences, Ray Charles. His third marriage began in 2004. His fourth marriage with Alexis Roderick began in 2015. They had one child; Della Rose Joel, who was born on the 12th of August 2015. Baby Remy was born 2017

Discography
Studio albums
 Cold Spring Harbor (1971)
 Piano Man (1973)
 Streetlife Serenade (1974)
 Turnstiles (1976)
 The Stranger (1977)
 52nd Street (1978)
 Glass Houses (1980)
 The Nylon Curtain (1982)
 An Innocent Man (1983)
 The Bridge (1986)
 Storm Front (1989)
 River of Dreams (1993)
 Fantasies & Delusions (2001)

References

Other websites 
 The official site
1949 births
Living people
American pianists
American pop musicians
American rock musicians
American rock singers
Democrats (United States)
Musicians from the Bronx
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Singers from New York City
American Jews
Atheists
Lake Constace or Lake of Constance (German: Bodensee) is a large Lake on the river Rhine. It is on the border between Germany and Switzerland and Austria. It is the third largest lake in Central Europe after Lake Balaton and Lake Geneva. It is made of two smaller lakes (called Obersee and Untersee (Upper and lower lake) respectively). These are joined by a small part of river in Constance.
The lake covers about  of total area. 

There are three big islands in the lake. The islands Lindau and Mainau are in the Obersee. Reichenau is in the Untersee. The Obersee is about  long, from Bregenz to Bodman-Ludwigshafen. It is about  wide at its widest point between Romanshorn and Friedrichshafen. The deepest point is  deep, between Fischbach and Uttwil (just off Constance).
The lake forms the border between Austria, Germany and Switzerland. On much of its length, this border has not been defined. Switzerland thinks the border runs through the middle of the lake. Austria thinks the lake is a condominium of all the countries. A condominium is a space that is governed by all countries taking part in it. Germany has no clear view.

Other legal issues, like navigation and fishing are governed by separate treaties. About 62% of the lake's shoreline belongs to Germany, about 33% to Switzerland, and the remaining 11% to Austria.

In 1963, the whole lake froze. This has not happened since then.

German towns:
Konstanz
Radolfzell
Meersburg
Überlingen
Friedrichshafen
Lindau

Swiss towns:
Stein am Rhein
Kreuzlingen
Rorschach
Romanshorn
Arbon

Austrian towns:
Bregenz

Geography of Baden-Württemberg
Geography of Bavaria
Constance
Constance
Constance
Canton of Schaffhausen
Canton of St. Gallen
Thurgau
Vorarlberg
Konstanz
The samurai (or bushi) were Japanese warriors who were members of the important military class before Japanese society changed in 1868. The samurai were also considered to be a type of hereditary nobility.
 
The word samurai comes from the Japanese verb saburau, which means "to serve and look up to someone."

History  

In the 12th century, two military clans, the Minamoto and the Taira, were very powerful. They controlled  Japan and fought wars against each other. In 1192, Minamoto no Yoritomo became the first shogun. He became the ruler of all of Japan and started a new government in Kamakura. The Kamakura government lasted from 1185 to 1333. It made the samurai the ruling class of Japanese society.

The samurai fought many wars in the Warring States period (1467-1573). There were many independent areas in Japan that fought one another all the time and so Japan needed many samurai. Many of the famous samurai movies by Akira Kurosawa were about this time.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi won many wars against other clans. He made Japan one country and developed a social caste system. It was completed by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the rulers after him. Between the wars, many samurai had always worked on farms. Hideyoshi said that all samurai must either live on farms or live in castle towns with other warriors. He also made a law that only samurai could have swords.

The samurai became very powerful and important near the end of the Edo period (1603-1867) and during the Shinto period. In the Edo period, they were the most important social caste.  All samurai had to live in castle towns. Some of them had lords who paid them with rice, but others did not have lords and were called "rōnin". The "rōnin" caused problems for Japan in the early Edo period.
In 1615, the Tokugawa an won a very important battle when he took Osaka Castle. It has no rivals and so Japan became very peaceful for about 250 years. Military skills became less important, and most samurai became bureaucrats, teachers or artists.

In 1868, feudalism ended in Japan, which ended the samurai class.

Weapons

Weapons used by the samurai included:
 Japanese swords, (katana)
 The yumi (longbow)
 Firearms from the 16th century
 Cannons
 Pole weapons bearing blades, and spears
 Staff weapons (no blades)
 Clubs and truncheons
 Chain weapons

Beliefs  
A samurai believed that his swords held his soul and so his sword was the most important thing that he had.

Samurai were allowed to fight anyone who did not show them proper respect. Every sword had to be tested for sharpness. To do so, the owner of the sword could execute a criminal.
Samurai led their lives according to the ethical code of bushido ("the way of the warrior"). That meant loyalty to one's master, self-discipline, respect, and ethical behavior. When a samurai lost his master, also called daimyo, he became a rōnin. 

If a samurai was defeated or dishonored himself by not following the code of bushido, he had to commit seppuku (ritual suicide). Part of the seppuku ritual was cutting his stomach or abdomen. That part of the ritual is called hara-kiri. For a samurai, death was better than having no honor or being captured by the enemy. Another reason for committing Seppuku was the death of the daimyo. With that ritual, a samurai showed how loyal he was to his dead master. There were periods in which seppuku was forbidden, but some samurai still committed it.

The bushi's training methods, like meditation, judo and kendo, are still followed today. There is no longer a samurai class in modern Japan, but their families' successors are still well-respected.

Women
Women   

Samurai women were trained to defend themselves and their children. They usually did so when their warrior husbands were busy in battles. Sumurai women were therefore trained to handle polearms (naginata) and short daggers (tanto). During the Edo period, Japanese women were trained to handle naginata by the age of 18. The short kaiken knife was used by young women to defend their virtue or, if they lost it, to take their own life.

During the Edo period, women's education became very important. Girls were taught from a young age to write, read, dance, etc. The main criteria for marriage changed, but among the most important were physical attractiveness and education. Special books were written for women. They taught mainly how to take care of house and children. By the end of the Edo period, women attended philosophical and literary classes.
The term "samurai" refers to males specifically, but here were a few women who were samurai. One of the most famous was Itagaki, who lived during the end of the Heian period. She owned her own army of about 3,000 warriors. In 1199, Itagaki fought against 10,000 Heike soldiers. She was famous for being very good at handling the naginata sword. 

Hino Tomiko ruled in place of her husband, Ashikaga Yoshimasa (8th shogun).

Toyotomi Hideyoshi's mistress became the master of Osaka Castle after his death.

Yamauchi Kazutoyo's wife, Chiyo, was one of the most loyal wives known in Japanese history. She supported her husband during hard times and saved to buy a horse for him. Yamauchi Kazutoyo never took a mistress, though it was a known tradition for a samurai. He never left Chiyo even though she had only one child.

Related pages 
 Katana
 Tachi
 Japanese sword schools
 Wakizashi

References

Other websites 

 Samurai from childhood 
 Hanami Web - Samurai
The Republic is a book by Plato. It was finished in 375 BC. 
It asks the question 'why should people do good things?' and also the question 'are people punished for doing bad things?'. 
Plato said that people should not do bad things because people who do bad things end up unhappy.
However, people who do good things end up happy.

He also said that if people who do bad things get power in a society then that society will become an unhappy one.
Plato believed that philosophers are best able to do good things and so they should be given power in a society. 
He thought that non-philosophers should allow themselves to be ruled by philosophers and that if they do this then they will be happy, because the rule of peoples (democracy) often fall because of unreasonable confusion.
However, in order not to be tempted to do bad things, the philosophers who have power must not be able to have things or feel love.
Plato also talked about many other things while discussing these questions including metaphysics, psychology, religion and most branches of philosophy.
He introduced the philosophy called Platonism.

Plato's argument (Less Simple) 
Plato thought that people and societies are very much alike.

Plato thought that people are made of three things:
 A mind that thinks and reasons
 A spirit or a self that looks after the person
 A body that does things, likes things, hates things and wants things (such as food, drink and sex).
He said that a good person will listen to all these things, but will let the mind control the other two.

Somebody who does not listen to all three parts, or who does not let the mind control the other two will be unhappy.
They might go mad because they do not let the mind control them.
Or they might do things that they later regret.
They will also be disliked by other people and will suffer because of that.
He said that they will be like a country in anarchy.
Plato also thought society should be made up of three things (types of people)
 Philosophers who think for the society
 Soldiers who look after the society
 Workers who do things in the society, who make food, drink and more workers.
He said that society needs all three things (types of people) but that only the philosophers will be good people.
The others will be dominated by their souls or bodies, not their minds.
The soldiers will not even listen to their minds, and the workers will not listen to their minds or their souls.
This is why the philosophers should rule and the other types of people should be soldiers and workers.

References 

Works of philosophy
4th-century BC books
Classical Greek literature‎
Subjectivism 
One theory in aesthetics is called subjectivism. Subjectivism says that each person has a sense of beauty. So, the only way of judging something's beauty is if people say it is beautiful. A common way of describing this is "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder". Subjectivism also says, for the same reason, that something is art simply because someone says it is art. This is backed up by the experience. Even though people feel that something is beautiful, they may not be able to explain why.

Objectivism 
Many objectivist theories of beauty have been offered, going from the ancient ideas of Plato and Aristotle (e.g., the golden mean,) which still have great appeal in their way to neuroscience research into the brain's response to images and other sensitive information. At the moment, even though we do not know what people are thinking, brain-scan technology can identify when people are responding pleasurably to images, providing some clue as to how certain images affect some people.
Some questions 

 What is beauty? What if one person thinks a painting is beautiful, but another person thinks the painting is ugly? Can the painting be beautiful and ugly at the same time?
 Are true things beautiful?
 Are good things beautiful?
 What is art? We commonly think that a sculpture in a museum is art. If a sculptor sculpts a sculpture of a rock from clay, and puts it in a museum, many would call it art. But what if a person picks up a rock from the ground - is the rock a piece of art?

 What has value?
 Does love, beauty, or justice hold any value?

Other websites 
 Aesthetics -Citizendium

Philosophy
Wesley Earl "Wes" Craven (August 2, 1939 – August 30, 2015) was an American movie director, producer and writer. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He is well known for horror movie classics including A Nightmare on Elm Street and Scream.

On August 30, 2015, Wes Craven died of brain cancer at his home in Los Angeles. He was 76 years old.

Filmography 
Together (1971)
The Last House on the Left (1972)
The Hills Have Eyes (1977)
Summer Of Fear aka Stranger In Our House (1978)
Deadly Blessing (1981)
Swamp Thing (1982)
A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)
Deadly Friend (1986)
The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988)
Wes Craven's Shocker (1989)
The People Under the Stairs (1991)
Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994)
Scream (1996)
Scream 2 (1997)
Music of the Heart (1999)
Scream 3 (2000)
They (2002)
Cursed (2005)
Red Eye (2005)

Other websites 
Wes Craven official website

References
References 

1939 births
2015 deaths
Scream (franchise)
A Nightmare on Elm Street
Actors from Cleveland
American movie actors
American movie editors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from brain cancer
Movie directors from Ohio
Movie producers from Ohio
Screenwriters from Ohio
Writers from Cleveland
Earth, Wind & Fire are an American funk group. They formed in Chicago in 1969 and were very popular in the 1970s.

Albums
 1970 - Earth, Wind & Fire  
 1971 - The Need of Love 
 1972 - Last Days And Time 
 1973 - Head To The Sky
 1974 - Open Our Eyes 
 1975 - That's The Way Of The World 
 1976 - Spirit 
 1977 - All 'N All
 1979 - I Am 
 1980 - Faces
 1981 - Raise!
 1983 - Powerlight
 1983 - Electric Universe
 1987 - Touch The World 
 1990 - Heritage
 1993 - Millennium
 1997 - In The Name Of Love
 2003 - The Promise
 2005 - Illumination
 2005 - That's The Way Of The World

1960s American music groups
1969 establishments in Illinois
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
African-American musical groups
American R&B bands
Funk bands
Musical groups established in 1969
Musical groups from Chicago
Soul bands
Fifth Dimension was a singing group popular in the 1960s and 1970s, some of the songs they sang include:
"Up, Up, and Away"
"One Less Bell to Answer"
"Wedding Bell Blues"
"Aquarius/Let the Sun Shine In"
"California Soul"
"Stone Soul Picnic"
"Workin' on a Groovy Thing"

1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
The Kinks are one of the most important and influential rock acts of their era. Their music was influenced by a wide range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk and country. Between the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the group released a lot of commercially and critically successful singles and LPs. The group reached a reputation for songs and concept albums which show English culture and lifestyle. Albums such as Face to Face, Something Else, The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society, Arthur, Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround and Muswell Hillbillies, are considered among the most influential recordings of the period. The Kinks had five Top 10 singles on the US Billboard chart. Nine of their albums charted in the Top 40. In the UK, the group had seventeen Top 20 singles and five Top 10 albums.

In 1990 the original four members of the Kinks were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and in the UK Music Hall of Fame in November 2005.
Bandmembers
Ray Davies
Active: Feb 1964–1996Instruments: lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica, keyboards
Release contributions: all Kinks releases
Ray Davies was a member of the original band formed in 1964.

Dave Davies
Active: Feb 1964–1996
Instruments: lead guitar, vocals
Release contributions: all Kinks releases
Dave Davies was a member of the original band formed in 1964.

Mick Avory
Active: Feb 1964–1984
Instruments: drums and percussion
Release contributions: all Kinks releases from Kinks (1964) to Word of Mouth (1984)
Mick Avory was a member of the original band formed in 1964.

 Pete Quaife
Active: Feb 1964–June 1966, Nov 1966–Mar 1969
Instruments: bass guitar, backup vocals
Release contributions: from Kinks (1964) to The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society (1968)
Pete Quaife was a member of the original band formed in 1964.
John Dalton
Active: June–Nov 1966, Apr 1969–1976, 1978
Instruments: bass guitar, vocals
Release contributions: all releases from Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) to Misfits
Dalton briefly covered for Quaife in 1966 only to replace him full-time in 1969 after the latter quit.

John Gosling
Active: 1970–1978
Instruments: keyboards, vocals
Release contributions: all releases from Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One (1970) to Misfits (1978)
The band expanded into a five piece in 1970.

Andy Pyle
Active: 1976–1978
Instruments: bass guitar, vocals
Release contributions: Sleepwalker (1977) and Misfits (1978)
Andy Pyle replaced John Dalton after the latter quit the band in 1976, only in turn to be replaced by Dalton.

Gordon John Edwards
Active: 1978
Instruments: keyboards, vocals
Release contributions: none
Gordon John Edwards briefly toured with the band during 1978.
Jim Rodford
Active: 1978–1996
Instruments: bass guitar, backup vocals
Release contributions: all releases from Low Budget (1979) to To the Bone (1996)
Jim Rodford stepped in when Dalton finally left the band in 1978

Ian Gibbons
Active: 1979–1989, 1993–1996
Instruments: keyboards, backup vocals
Release contributions: all releases from Give the People What They Want (1981) to To the Bone (1996), apart from Phobia (1993)
Ian Gibbons joined the band after the band recorded Low Budget.

Bob Henrit
Active: 1984–1996
Instruments: drums and percussion
Release contributions: all releases from Think Visual (1986) to To the Bone (1996)
Bob Henrit replaced Mick Avory in 1984 after Avory and Davies quarreled in the studio.

Mark Haley
Active: 1989–1993
Instruments: keyboards, backup vocals
Release contributions: none
After Gibbons left the band Mark Haley toured with them.
Positions in UK charts
 You Really Got Me - No. 1 (1964)
 All Day and All of the Night - No. 2 (1964)
 Tired of Waiting for You - No. 1 (1965)
 Dedicated Follower of Fashion - No. 4 (1966)
 Sunny Afternoon - No. 1 (1966)
 Dead End Street - No. 5 (1966)
 Waterloo Sunset - No. 2 (1967)
 Autumn Almanac - No. 3 (1967)
 Lola - No. 2 (1970)
 Apeman - No. 5 (1970)

Discography

Studio albums

Live and other albums
 1968 – Live at Kelvin Hall (Released in the US as The Live Kinks in 1967) #162 US
 1980 – One for the Road #14 US
 1988 – Live: The Road
 1994 – To the Bone
Compilation albums
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year !! Album Title !! Highest UK Chart Position !! Highest US Chart Position
|-
|1966 || Greatest Hits! (US-only album) || align="center" | - || align="center" | #9
|-
|1966 || Well Respected Kinks || align="center" | #5 || align="center" | -
|-
|1967 || Sunny Afternoon(UK-only album) || align="center" | #9 || align="center" | -
|-
|1970 || The Hit Collection || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1971 || Golden Hour of the Kinks(UK-only album) || align="center" | #21 || align="center" | -
|-
|1972 || The Kink Kronikles(US-only album) || align="center" | - || align="center" | #94
|-
|1973 || The Great Lost Kinks Album || align="center" | - || align="center" | #145
|-
|1974 || Golden Hour of the Kinks Vol. 2(UK-only album) || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1974 || Lola, Percy and the Apeman Come Face to Facewith the Village Green Preservation Society || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|-
|1976 || The Kinks' Greatest: Celluloid Heroes || align="center" | - || align="center" | #105
|-
|1978 || 20 Golden Greats || align="center" | #19 || align="center" | -
|-
|1980 || Second Time Around || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1981 || The Kinks Collection || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1983 || Candy from Mr. Dandy(US-only album) || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1983 || Dead End Street: Kinks Greatest Hits || align="center" | #96 || align="center" | -
|-
|1984 || Kinks Kollectables || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1984 || The Kinks: A Compleat Collection20th Anniversary Edition || align="center" | - || align="center" | #209
|-
|1985 || The Kinks: Backtrackin' (The Definitive Double Album Collection) || align="center" | - || align="center" |
|-
|1986 || Come Dancing with the Kinks: The Best of 1977-1986 || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1988 || The Kinks Are Well Respected Men || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|-
|1989 || 25 Years: The Ultimate Collection || align="center" | #35 || align="center" | -
|-
|1992 || The Kinks Story Vol. 1: 1964-1966 || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1992 || The Kinks Story Vol. 2: 1967-1971 || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1993 || The Definitive Collection: The Kinks Greatest Hits || align="center" | #18 || align="center" | -
|-
|1994 || You Really Got Me: The Very Best of The Kinks || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1997 || The Singles Collection || align="center" | #42 || align="center" | -
|-
|1998 || God Save The Kinks, Vol. 1 || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1998 || God Save The Kinks, Vol. 2 || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1998 || God Save The Kinks, Vol. 3 || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|1999 || You Really Got Me: The Best of The Kinks || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|2001 || BBC Sessions: 1964-1977 || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|-
|-
|2002 || The Ultimate Collection || align="center" | #32 || align="center" | -
|-
|2007 || The Ultimate Collection(re-released as a 2-CD set) || align="center" | #1(Indie Chart) || align="center" | -
|-
|2008 || Picture Book (6-CD box set) || align="center" | - || align="center" | -
|}
EPs
 1964 – Kinksize Session 1965 – Kinksize Hits 1965 – Kwyet Kinks 1966 – Dedicated Kinks 1968 – The Kinks 1991 – Did Ya''

Singles

References

1964 establishments in the United Kingdom
1996 disestablishments in England
1960s British music groups
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
English rock bands
Musical groups disestablished in 1996
Musical groups established in 1964
Musical groups from London
The name diesel is given to an engine invented by a German named Rudolf Diesel in the late 19th century. It is one of the most used kinds of internal combustion engine.

Most other engines need a system called an ignition system – one that uses an electric spark – in order to burn the mix of fuel and air and make power. Other types of ignition systems use compressed air from an outside source, such as an air compressor.  A diesel does not.  It burns a diesel fuel (similar to heating oil) through very high compression or pressing together of the mix. A tiny bit of fuel is injected, or forced, into the engine's cylinders at just the right moment. Since gases heat when they are pressed together, the compression of the air and fuel mix cause the mix to explode within the cylinder.
A diesel engine can also be made to run on canola oil made from old cooking oil. This type of fuel is called biodiesel. Running a diesel engine on biodiesel fuel makes the exhaust smell like food. Vegetable oil as fuel is not a new idea. The engine that Rudolf Diesel used to demonstrate his new idea ran on canola oil.

Motors
A megabyte (MB) is a large number used when talking about hard drives or computer memory. One megabyte is 1 million bytes or 1 thousand kilobytes.

Until December 1998, when the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) first defined a mebibyte as 220, or 1,048,576 bytes, megabyte also meant either 1,048,576 bytes, or 1,024,000 bytes.  Casual computer users still often use megabyte to mean one of these numbers.

One thousand megabytes make one gigabyte.

This definition is part of the International System of Quantities.

Units of information
A waffle is a cooked food made from a batter that consists of flour, water, baking powder, oil, and eggs.  It has a gridlike appearance because it is cooked in between two hot metal plates in an electric kitchen appliance called a waffle iron. Waffles are cooked until they become golden-brown in color, with a crispy outer texture and a soft interior. Waffles are served as a breakfast or as a dessert, and they are usually served with sweet sauces or toppings.
Waffle has two definitions, the edible kind of waffles, but also the verb waffle means to talk on and on, often about random things. Synonyms include ramble

Serving

For breakfast
In North America, waffles are often eaten for breakfast on weekends or holidays. Freshly-baked waffles are topped with maple syrup and served with breakfast sausages, eggs, orange juice, and hot coffee.
As a dessert
In Belgium, France, and the French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec, waffles are often served as a dessert, after dinner is finished. Freshly-baked waffles are topped with sweet toppings such as chocolate syrup, bananas, strawberries, or whipped cream.

Varieties of waffles
American waffles are often made from a batter leavened with baking powder and may be round, square, or rectangular in shape. They are usually served as a sweet breakfast food, topped with butter and maple syrup, bacon, and other fruit syrups, honey, or powdered sugar. They are also found in many different savory dishes, such as fried chicken and waffles or topped with kidney stew.  Waffles were first introduced to North America in 1620 by Pilgrims who brought the method from Holland.
Belgian waffles, or Brussels waffles, are made with a yeast-leavened batter. It is generally, but not always, lighter, thicker, and crispier and has larger pockets compared to other waffle varieties. They are easy to tell the difference from Liège Waffles by their rectangular sides. In Belgium, most waffles are served warm by street vendors and dusted with confectioner's sugar. In tourist areas they might be topped with whipped cream, soft fruit or chocolate spread. Despite their name, 'Brussels waffles' were actually invented in Ghent in 1839. They were introduced to America by restaurateur Maurice Vermersch.  He sold Brussels waffles under the name "Bel-Gem Waffles" at the New York's 1964 World's Fair.
The Liège waffle (from the city of Liège, in eastern Belgium) is a richer, denser, sweeter, and chewier waffle. It was invented by the chef of the prince-bishop of Liège in the 18th century,  It has chunks of pearl sugar which caramelize on the outside of the waffle when baked.  It is the most common type of waffle in Belgium.  It is made in plain, vanilla and cinnamon varieties by street vendors across the nation.
 Bergische waffles, or Waffles from Berg county, are a specialty of the German region of Bergisches Land. The waffles are crisp and less dense than Belgian waffles.  They are always heart shaped.  They are served with cherries, cream and sometimes rice pudding as part of the traditional afternoon feast on Sundays in the region.
Hong Kong style waffle, in Hong Kong called a "grid cake" or "grid biscuits" (格仔餅), is a waffle usually made and sold by street hawkers and eaten warm on the street. It is similar to a traditional waffle but larger, round in shape and divided into four quarters. It is usually served as a snack. Butter, peanut butter and sugar are spread on one side of the cooked waffle. Then it is folded into a semicircle to eat. Eggs, sugar and evaporated milk are used in the waffle recipes, giving them a sweet flavor. They are generally soft and not dense. Traditional Hong Kong style waffles are full of the flavor of yolk. Sometimes different flavors, such as chocolate and honey melon, are used in the recipe and create various colors. Another style of Hong Kong waffle is the eggette or gai daan jai (鷄蛋仔), which have a ball-shaped pattern.
Pandan waffles come from Vietnam.  They use pandan flavoring and coconut milk in the  batter. The pandan flavoring gives the batter a spring green color. When cooked, the waffle browns and crisps on the outside and stays green and chewy on the inside. Unlike most waffles, pandan waffles are usually eaten plain.
Scandinavian style waffles, common throughout the Nordic countries, are thin and made in a heart-shaped waffle iron. The batter is similar to other varieties. The most common style are sweet, with whipped or sour cream and strawberry or raspberry jam, or berries, or simply sugar, on top.
Stroopwafel are thin waffles with a syrup filling. They were first made in Gouda in the Netherlands during the 18th or 19th century. The stiff batter for the waffles is made from flour, butter, brown sugar, yeast, milk, and eggs. Medium-sized balls of batter are put on the waffle iron. When the waffle is baked and while it is still warm, it is cut into two halves. The warm filling, made from syrup, brown sugar, butter, and cinnamon, is spread in between the waffle halves, which glues them together. They are popular in Belgium and the Netherlands and sold in pre-prepared packages from local supermarkets.
Other meanings
Waffle is also a slang term meaning "to keep changing one's mind.". For example, if a reporter is asking a politician a question, and the politician does not give a clear answer, the reporter might say that the politician was "waffling." It can also mean to keep repeating the same information in a different way or make no useful points.

References

Breakfast foods
Desserts
Baked foods
Sweet breads
Belgian food
Stargard Szczeciński () is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland. It has 71,400 inhabitants (2003). It is on the Ina river. It is the capital of Stargard County in West Pomeranian Voivodship.

Other websites

Towns in Pomeranian Voivodeship‎
Hanseatic League
Disney can mean either:

In entertainment:
The Walt Disney Company and its related companies
Walt Disney Pictures, which it also owns

The name also refers to several members of the Disney Family, such as:
Walt Disney, co-founder of the Walt Disney Company
Roy Oliver Disney, Walt's brother and co-founder of the company
Roy Edward Disney, son of Roy Oliver and leader of the Save Disney campaign

Other
Disney, Oklahoma, a small town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Ruby slippers are red shoes that are worn by the character Dorothy (Judy Garland) in the movie The Wizard of Oz. They are an important part of the story. Many pairs of slippers were made for the movie. One pair can be seen at the Smithsonian Institution in the United States. The others are owned by private collectors.

Plot 

Dorothy gets the slippers after her house falls on the Wicked Witch of the East, killing the witch. The witch's sister, the Wicked Witch of the West, wants the ruby slippers. She attacks Dorothy many times during her journey down the yellow brick road. The Wicked Witch of the West wants the slippers for herself so she can become the most powerful witch in all of the land of Oz.

Dorothy knows that the slippers are powerful, but she does not know why. At the end of the movie, she learns their power: click your heels together three times, and repeat "There's no place like home."

Movie industry
Saint Pope John XXIII (; ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (25 November 1881 - 3 June 1963), was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 262nd Pope from 1958 to 1963.

Early life
Roncalli was born in Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII in northern Italy.
In 1904 he was ordained as a priest in the Roman Church of Santa Maria. Later in 1905, the new Bishop of Bergamo, Giacomo Maria Radini Tedeschi, appointed Angelo his secretary. Angelo went with Bishop Giacomo to all his pastoral visits. Angelo also helped him with many other tasks like managing the diocesan bulletin, going on pilgrimages, and social works. Angelo did more than just that while in the seminary; using his very good preaching skills he taught history, patrology, and apologetics. It was in the seminary he met the two future saints that would affect his life dramatically. These two Saints were St. Charles Borromeo and St. Francis de Sales, who were both very good pastors in the same seminary, and had a kind of apprentice like relationship. Father Angelo was extremely devoted to Bishop Giacomo until his death in 1914
. After Bishop Giacomo’s death, Father Angelo continued teaching in the seminary, but was dragged into World War I and served as a medical corps sergeant after the war started Italy’s first home for poor young students. His life after the war started changing dramatically, and he even got the attention of Pope Pius XI.
Bishop
From 1925 to 1944, Roncalli was a papal representative in the Balkans and the Mideast. 

Pope Pius XI named him Apostolic Visitator in Bulgaria, which brought him to the episcopate with the titular Diocese of Areopolis. He chose a motto, Oboedientia et Pax, which was his motto for the rest of his life.

Cardinal
Roncalli was Patriarch of Venice from 1953 to 1958. Venice is the see of a cardinal.

Pope

Cardinal Roncalli was elected pope on October 29, 1958.  His coronation was televised in Europe, and filmed for viewing in other parts of the world.

Pope John expanded the College of Cardinals by naming the first African Cardinal, the first Japanese Cardinal, the first Filipino Cardinal. and the first Venezuelan Cardinal. 
 
He was the first Pope to make an official visit to the President of the Italian Republic at the Quirinal Palace.

Second Vatican Council 
Pope John brought together the church's bishops and cardinals in a meeting called Vatican Council II. It was ended by the Pope's death.
After his death
John XXIII is buried with other popes in a crypt below St. Peter's Basilica.  According to the official news agency of the Soviet Union, the pope's reign "was marked by fruitful activity for the sake of consolidating peace and peaceful cooperation among nations."
On September 3, 2000, Pope John XXIII was beatified and given the title of "Blessed John XXIII". On April 27, 2014, Pope John XXIII was canonized by Pope Francis and declared a new Saint of the Catholic Church given the title of "Saint John XXIII" alongside Pope John Paul II now known as "Saint John Paul II".

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites 

 Vatican webpage, John XXIII biography
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Paul IV
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Roncalli

 

1881 births
1963 deaths

Italian popes
Beatified people
Time People of the Year
People from Lombardy
There are many ideas about what beauty is. Some people say that beauty is:
The similarity between a real object and an object of art. For example, a beautiful picture might be one that looks very lifelike.
The similarity between any object and what you think it 'should' look like. For example, a beautiful tree might be one with a straight brown trunk and lots of green leaves, or beautiful clouds might be those that are white and fluffy (like wool).
The way an object makes us feel: happy, sad, angry, or something else (emotional). For example, a beautiful piece of music might be one which makes people feel very happy or very sad.
The quality of an object. For example, a beautiful story might be very well written.
In regards to writing, a piece may be beautiful through use of intricacies and depth which gives the reader a mental image or a certain feeling or feelings of emotion. Poetry is one example of writing that can be considered beautiful in the way it "paints" a picture or brings about an emotional response.
There are many other theories. Some things that people say are beautiful are not explained by any of these ideas.

Related pages
 Aesthetics
 Physical attractiveness
 Sublime

References 

Everyday life
Psychology
The 2020s (pronounced "twenty-twenties" or "two thousand twenties") is the current decade in the Anno Domini and Common Era in the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2020 and will end on December 31, 2029. It is distinct from the decade known as the 203rd decade which began on January 1, 2021 and will end on December 31, 2030.

Events
2020 
 In 2020, the United Kingdom left the European Union. This event was called Brexit.
 Starting in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been spreading around the world. As of April 2022, over 500 million people have been infected, and more than 6 million people have died.  Government responses to the pandemic caused many disputes. Business slowed down during the pandemic, which led to a recession.
 May 25 – George Floyd, an African-American man, was killed by a police officer in Minnesota. Over the next few months, there were many protests across the United States against police violence and racism. 
 June 30 - China's National People's Congress enacts the Hong Kong national security law. This law gave the National People's Congress much more power over Hong Kong. It allowed China to reduce civil liberties in Hong Kong.
 July 9 - Protests begin in Bulgaria against the government of Boyko Borisov.
September 27 - November 10 – The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war was fought between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. Azerbaijan won the war and gained land.
 November 3 – Joe Biden was elected as 46th President of the United States, defeating incumbent Donald Trump.
 November – The Tigray War, a civil war, began in Ethiopia between the Tigray Region and the government of Ethiopia.
2021 
 During 2021, COVID-19 vaccines were given to large numbers of people around the world. By the end of the year, over 4 billion people had received at least one vaccine dose.
 January 6 – The United States Capitol is attacked and stormed by supporters of Donald Trump.
 January 21 – Joe Biden was sworn in as 46th President of the United States.
 The 2020 Summer Olympics happened in 2021 instead. They were moved a year later because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 July 7 – President of Haiti Jovenel Moïse is assassinated at his home, aged 53.
 August 31 – The War in Afghanistan ended as the United States military left Afghanistan and the Taliban took over the country.

2022
2022 

 February 24 – Russia launched an invasion on Ukraine.  The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine is the largest war fought in Europe since World War II.  In response, other countries brought economic sanctions, or penalties, against the Russian government.
 July 8 – Former Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe is assassinated at aged 67.
 September 8 – Elizabeth II died at the age of 96. Which led to the succession of her son King Charles III
 November 15 – The world population reached 8 billion (8,000,000,000) people, according to the United Nations.
 November 30 – OpenAI released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot able to answer questions and write essays.

Future predictions
 In 2004, then President of the United States George W. Bush said that people would try to fly to Mars some time in this decade.
 In 2023, India will become the country with the highest population, passing China.
 In 2027, the autopsy (study of a dead body to find out how that person died) of Elvis Presley will be published.
The guitar is a string instrument which is played by plucking the strings. The main parts of a guitar are the body, the fretboard, the headstock and the strings. Guitars are usually made from wood or plastic.  Their strings are made of steel or nylon.

The guitar strings are plucked with the fingers and fingernails of the right hand (or left hand, for left handed players), or a small pick made of thin plastic. This type of pick is called a "plectrum" or guitar pick. The left hand holds the neck of the guitar while the fingers pluck the strings. Different finger positions on the fretboard make different notes.
Guitar-like plucked string instruments have been used for many years. In many countries and at many different time periods, guitars and other plucked string instruments have been very popular, because they are light to carry from place to place, they are easier to learn to play than many other instruments. Guitars are used for many types of music, from Classical to Rock. Most pieces of popular music that have been written since the 1950s are written with guitars.

There are many different types of guitars, classified on how they are made and the type of music they are used for. All traditional types of guitar have a body which is hollow. This makes the sound of the strings louder, and gives the guitar its quality. This type of guitar is called "acoustic". (An acoustic instrument is one that makes its own dynamics.)
From the 1930s, people started making and playing guitars that used electricity and amplifiers to control the loudness. These guitars, which are often used in popular music, are called electric guitars. They do not need to have a hollow body. This is because they do not use acoustics to amplify the sound.

Most guitars have six strings, but there are also guitars with four, seven, eight, ten, or twelve strings. More strings make the instrument sound fuller. The neck of a guitar has bars or marks called frets. Frets help a guitarist know where to put his or her fingers to get the right pitch when playing. Standard tuning defines the string pitches as E, A, D, G, B, and E, from lowest (low E2) to highest (high E4). Standard tuning is used by most guitarists, and frequently used tunings can be understood as variations on standard tuning.
Word origin 
The word guitar was adopted into English from Spanish word guitarra in the 1600s. In the Middle Ages the word gitter or gittern was used in England. Both guitarra and gitter came from the Latin word cithara. The word cithara came from the earlier Greek word kithara. Kithara could have come from the Persian word sehtār.  seh meaning "three" and tār meaning "string".  There is also a similar but two-stringed Persian instrument named dotār. do means "two" in Persian.  The Indian sitar instrument was named after the Persian sehtār. The sihtar itself is related to the Indian instrument, the sitar.