Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In early 1986, Megadeth had a short tour in the United States. At the tour's concerts, the band played music that was going to be on Peace Sells. Combat Records gave them $25,000 to record the album. Recording the album was very hard because of many problems. Mustaine and Ellefson were homeless. Chris Poland and Gar Samuelson did not show up to make music very much because they were using heroin. After the band finished recording the album, someone from Capitol Records asked Megadeth to join their record label. The band joined Capitol. The album was released with Capitol Records.

Track listing 
All songs written by Dave Mustaine, except "I Ain't Superstitous" by Willie Dixon.

Personnel
Information is from the album liner notes.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Megadeth albums
1986 albums
Heavy metal albums
Capitol Records albums
"A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld" is a mix of a song by the ambient house group The Orb. The song is about being in love with a beautiful person. The song was at first a Minnie Riperton song called Lovin' You.  The Orbs version was first sold in October 1989 and was in the UK Singles Chart in 1990, at number 78. In April 1991, it was sold as part of the album The Orb's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld.  The name is taken from a sound effects track from Blake's 7 on BBC Sound Effects No. 26 - Sci-Fi Sound Effects called "The Core, A Huge Evergrowing Pulsating Brain which Rules from the Centre of Ultraworld".

History
History 

In 1989, The Orb, with Martin "Youth" Glover, developed the musical style of ambient house using samples.  The best of their musical work came when The Orb recorded music for John Peel on BBC Radio 1.  The song, then known as "Loving You", was made quickly with many sound effects and samples from science fiction radio plays, nature sounds, and Minnie Riperton's "Lovin' You".  Before the song was sold by record company Big Life, The Orb changed the name to "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld".  After the first week of sale Minnie Ripertons record company forced Big Life to remove her voice from the song. After the first week another singer sang the song. 

The Orbs version of the song was 19 minutes long and became number 78 on the UK Singles Chart.

Tracklisting

12": WAU! Mr.Modo / MWS 17T (UK) 

 "Loving You [orbital mix]" (19:07)
 "Loving You [bucket and spade mix]" (5:50)
 "Loving You [why is six scared of seven?]" (5:30)
12": WAU! Mr.Modo / MWS 017R (UK) 

 "A Huge Ever Growing Remix (orbital dance mix)" (7:05)
 "A Huge Ever Growing Remix (orbital radio mix)" (3:34)
 "A Huge Ever Growing Remix (aubry mix mk 2)" (8:38)

 First sold January 1990

CD: Big Life / BLR 27 OCD (UK) 

 "Loving You [orbital mix]" (19:07)

 Called "compactdisc"
 First sold June 1990, re-issued March 1994 [BLRDB 27]

CD: Big Life / BLR 27CD (UK) 

 "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain... (orbital dance mix)" (8:20)
 "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain... (orbital 9am radio mix)" (3:15)
 "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain... (aubrey mix mk1)" (6:06)

 Labeled as "Jimmy Cauty Remixes"
 "aubrey mix mk1" is an edit of "aubrey mix mk11"
 Called "Compactdisco"
 First sold June 1990, re-issued March 1994 [BLRDA 27]

References 

1989 songs
Hermann Carl Vogel (born 3 April 1841, died 13 August 1907) was a German astronomer. He was born in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony.

Vogel was one of the first astronomers to use a spectroscope in astronomy.  He used it to read the chemicals on planets far away and to measure the time it takes the Sun to spin. He could read it by measuring the Doppler effect.

In 1882, Vogel became the Director at the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam and he is best known for some work there in 1890. Vogel found that the colour of some stars changed over time, becoming red and then later becoming blue.  His idea was that the star was moving toward and then away from the Earth, and that the colour changes were the because of that movement. These stars seemed to be orbiting around a hidden star as if they were double-stars but the second star could never be seen, only known by the colour changing Doppler effect.
Volgel proved that Algol was a double star that could not be seen (spectroscopic binary star) and it was one of the first of these double stars proven to exist.

Medals of Hermann Carl Vogel

Awarded to Hermann Carl Vogel
 Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1893)
 Henry Draper Medal (1893)
 Landskroener Medal of Achievement (1898)
 Richard C. White Purple Honors Medal (1899)
 Bruce Medal (1906)

Places in space named after Hermann Carl Vogel
 Vogel crater on the Moon
 Crater on Mars

Books to read

Other websites
Short biography 

1841 births
1907 deaths
German astronomers
People from Leipzig
Algol, also known as the Demon Star, is a bright star in the Perseus constellation.  It is one of the best known double stars that can only be seen in spectroscopes, the first star of its type discovered, and one of the first variable stars  to be discovered before it explodes. Algol is made of three stars (Beta Persei A, B and C) and the brightest is Persei A. These stars partly eclipse each other every 2 days, 20 hours and 49 minutes for 10 hours.

References

Variable stars
Binary stars
So Far, So Good... So What! is the third studio album by thrash metal band Megadeth.  It was released on January 19, 1988.

Track listing
All songs written by Dave Mustaine, except where noted.

References 

Megadeth albums
1988 albums
Capitol Records albums
The subclass Lissamphibia includes all living amphibians. They are classified in three orders:
the Anura: frogs, including toads 
the Caudata or Urodela: salamanders, including newts
the Gymnophiona or Apoda: the limbless caecilians. 

Although the ancestry of each group is controversial, all share certain common characteristics. This indicates they evolved from a common ancestor and so form a clade.

References 

Amphibians
NRG Stadium is a football stadium in Houston, Texas. The NFL's Houston Texans play their home games here. It was called Reliant Stadium from 2002 until 2013. The stadium hosted WWE's WrestleMania 25 on April 5, 2009. On March 19, 2014, the stadium's name was changed to NRG Stadium, after NRG Energy, the parent company of Reliant Energy.

References

Other websites
Official website 

National Football League venues
Sports in Houston
Buildings and structures in Houston
Sports buildings in Texas
Game rules and goals
The aim of the game is to respond quickly to the directions that come out of the game's speakers. These directions are given in a way that requires the player do use different devices on the machine, such as pull handles, twist cranks, spin wheels, or toggle switches. A beat is played during the game and the beat will get faster as the player scores more points, making it harder for the player to respond. In the most recent series of Bop It's, the players goal is to beat the game by scoring 100 points. In the 90's Extreme and 02's Extreme 2 version, the goal is to beat the game by scoring 250 points. In Bop It Smash, Bounce, Beats and Tetris, the goal is to score as many points as you can. The highest possible score ever achieved on Smash is 1073 and Tetris is 866. The highest possible score on Beats is 264 on Classic and 151 on DJ (only on the foreign versions on DJ Expert and Lights Only) since those game doesn't have a limit on the highest possible score.
Versions
Bop It can be played by one to many people at a time and has been very popular as a children's game. It was designed, invented, patented by Dan Klistner  and developed by other Hasbro designers, including Bob Welch who also provided the voice for the Original Bop It. The original version was released in 1996, and there have been several versions made since then. followed by an Extreme version one year later which was voiced by Scott Parkin, a dude character from California. The Extreme was one of the first versions for it to speak to the player when they mess up. In an Interview with some well known Bop It fans on YouTube, Scott said that the line "Game over!" was an idea from the 1986 film Aliens.

The current Classic version was released in 2019, and to mark the 25th anniversary of the original game Hasbro teamed up with Super Impulse to make the Worlds Smallest Bop It. There was an updated version of the Bop It XT titled Bop It Extreme to mark the 25th anniversary.
Voice actors
Since 2008, the main voice actor in the games has been Buddy Rubino, who signed a contract with Hasbro and is only allowed to do voice acting for Hasbro, but in 2020 during the course of the COVID pandemic, he has been doing some videos with Dan for his social media. Dan has archived a lot of original Buddy Rubino recordings which he has used in some of his videos on his social media. He has recorded the voice for Bop It!, Bop It! XT, Bop It! Smash!, Bop It! Tetris Bop It! New Moves, Bop It Maker and the Bop It Button. He did not do the voice for Bop It Bounce, Bop It Beats and Bop It Download. Other voice actors include, Scott Parkin, who's been announced as the voice of Bop It Extreme, Bob Welch, the voice and designer of the original Bop It, and Adam Rossi, the 'go to' voice for all prototype models.

It may also been revealed that the voice actor of Brock from Pokemon, Eric Stuart, may have been the voice of Bop It Extreme 2.
Models
Re-Release Series (Featuring Buddy Rubino as the Main Voice for Bop It, Twist It Pull It Games) (2008+)
 Bop It! Shout ( made in 2008 - released in 2009)
 Bop It! Bounce (made in 2009 - released in 2010)
 Bop It! XT (Made in 2010 - released in 2011)
 Bop It! Smash (2012)
 Bop It! Tetris (2013)
 Bop It! Beats (2014) - released early in late 2013 in the US
 Bop It! Micro (2014)
 Bop It! R2D2 (2015)
 Bop It! with 10 New Moves (Made in 2015 - released in (2016)
 Bop It! BB8 (2016)
 Bop It Maker (2017)
Bop It Classic (2019)
Bop It! Baby Yoda (2020)
Bop It Marvel Spider-Man
Worlds Smallest Bop It - 25th Anniversary Special - (Uses the same chip as the Bop It Classic 2019 3rd edition looks like an Original Bop It - says "Refresh US 4" on entering Test Mode) (2022)
Bop It! Extreme (2022) - An Amazon.com exclusive, uses the same programming as the Bop It XT, says "XT Second Mask 4" in the Test Mode, The Bop It button is now Purple and is designed for easy players. The command design is similar to the design of the 2016 Bop It Refresh. 
The Bop It! Button (2022) - A game with just one button, with 2 commands to mark the 25th anniversary - Bop It! and Don't Bop It! Uses a variety of sounds from the past 25 years of Bop It and voice actors have re-recorded clips in the game. The button is avaliable excluseively at Bop It 4 Good.com.
Bop It Arcade (2022-2023) - an arcade themed Bop It ticket remdeption game/
Original Series (1996-2006)
 Bop It (1997)
Bop It (Second Edition) (1999-2002)
Bop It Original Remake - (2002-2004) a smaller version of the Original that runs on AAA batteries and goes up to 200 like the Second Edition original, but the difference is that in the Solo mode, it will stop the music and announce the 200 points score with 2 pull it downward whistles before the victory celebration. 
 Bop It Extreme (1999)
 Bop It Extreme 2 (2003)
 Bratz Bop It (2004), a Bratz version
 Bop It Blast (2005)
 Bop It Download (2007)

Bop It Clones
Since the invention of Bop It became popular in the 90's, it lead other inventors and designers to come up with other electronic games. Besides the games mentioned below, there was a family of games called the Brain family by Tiger Electronics who made the games Brain Bash, Brain Warp and the Brain Shift.
Zing It
Zing It is a yo-yo version of Bop It. It tells commands that the player must follow along with. Like the original Bop It, there are three commands that may be said: "Bop it!" (requiring the player to press the purple button), "Zing it!" (requiring the player to drop the yo-yo downward and send it back up again), and "Loop it!" (requiring the player to do the "'round the world" yo-yo trick). Zing It has 3 modes: "Vox Bop" (as with Bop It), "Beat Bop" (again, as with Bop It), and "Vox Bop Challenge" (where the game will tell a series of commands which must be done in correctly). As with Bop It and Bop It Extreme, Zing It announces the score musically by sound effects. Different tones represent different point values. There is a maximum score of 250.
Top It
The Top It is a kendama-style version of Bop It made by Parker Bros. (under Hasbro) that also gives commands which a player must respond to with the right action. Commands include "Top it!" (requiring the player to catch the ball in the red top cup), "Flop it!" (requiring the player to catch the ball in one of the purple side cups), and "Flip it!" (requiring the player to catch the ball in the purple side cup on the other side). The command structure has slightly fewer variations than any other Hasbro game, since the "Flip it!" command can only be issued if the "Flop it!" command directly precedes it.

Super Click It
The Super Click It was a game released during peacetime in 1999 by MGA Entertainment in the US and Marks and Spencer in the UK and it was bought by many fans of the original Bop It.

The game has 5 commands - Squish It!, Twist It!, Crack It!, Zip It! and Blast It!.

The game has 2 modes - voice and sounds.
Torx
The Torx is a Bop It spin-off made by Big Monster Toys under Hasbro that was released in 2000. The game has two twistable circles and two bendable arms that can bend in different angles 90 degrees. The game has four modes - Follow My Command, Find My Shape, Torx Says and Pass Torx. In Follow my Command, the game plays like a Bop It but the commands can get more advanced. First the voice will say "Twist me" but then it can command the player to "Twist me again" or to "Twist me back". If it says "Bend me" it can command the player to "Bend me back", "Bend the same side" or "Bend the other side" or to "Straighten me." After every 15 points, the game will announce "Torx Challenge" and give the player a pattern of commands to remember. The Challenge mode is similar to the one in Top It and Zing It and the player must start the sequence after Torx has given the last command. In Find My Shape, the game unit will tell the player how close they are to the shape that Torx wants to be
. It will give out directions like "Cooler", "Hotter" and when the player is near Torx will say "On fire!" and a celebrationary sound effect will play if they find the shape. If the player is not near the correct shape, Torx will say "Ice cold!", "Warm" or "Warmer". In Torx Says, the game will produce 2 different tones. At the start of the game, Torx will say "When you hear this sound (plays the sound) - you must follow my command." With a normal pitched Torx unit, if the player hears an F3 tone, they must follow the command. If they hear a B flat 4 tone they must not follow the command. The game is over if the player beats the game or fails to respond or hesitate. In game four, Pass Torx, the game will player like Game 1 but instead after a certain sequence of commands, the player will hear "Pass Torx". The maximum score in each game mode is 240.
NuJam Guitar

The NuJam Guitar was a game made by KID Group and Hasbro. KID made the soundtrack for the game, along with Gary Lexemburg. The idea of the name NuJam was taken from an app that Gary was working on before it eventually become an electronic pyshical Bop It guitar. It was released in 2002 in the US and UK and sold under the name Rock It Bop It Guitar. 

The game has 4 actions - Strum, Twist, Slide Left and Slide Right.

It also has 4 game modes - Jam, Rhythm Jam, Group Jam and Free Jam. 

It also has 2 different playstyles - Rock and Funk. 

In the Jam mode, the player has to score 300 points to win the game. The game instructions gives an error saying that after 12 points the game changes octave, however it only changes octave on 12 on the first 2 times. After 176 moves, the game goes into Double Time which makes it twice as fast. The maximum score in Jam is 300.
In the Rhythm Jam mode the game does a pattern of 4 most of the game, but the patterns mix from 6-9 in later rounds. There are multiple patterns sets for Rock and Funk. In the second part of the Funk mode, the patterns are all different. 

In the Group Jam mode, the game plays like the Jam mode but the announcer voice says “Who’s next?” and then after a rift it says “Let’s do this!”. 

A mobile app for NuJam Guitar is being planned and is to be released for PC (Windows and Mac) and mobile, (iOS and Android) titled NJ RockOut as a free to play app. The project is being organised by some YouTubers who created a discussion group called Bop It Rift. The app will be using a familiar voice that was used during the original NuJam Guitar project, Adam Rossi who provided the prototype voice, and some new lines such as "YOU... ROCKED... OUT!" when the player beats the game.
Groove It
Groove It is an audio game made by Hasbro whose instructions have been copyrighted in 2003. It was voiced by Adam Rossi. With similar game play to the Bop It games, Groove It employs photodetection technology to determine the player's hand position. As with Bop It games, Groove It issues voice commands, however in this case the commands are: "the scratch", "the slide", and "the zoom". The game is more tolerant of errors than the Bop It games, allowing as many as three missed commands in some modes. The game requires a score of 250 to win, has a maximum score of 300, and uses a ranking system.

Video games
In 2009, EA Games made a video game called Hasbro Family Games Night 2. It had Bop It as one of the games that could be played. It is available for the Nintendo DS and the Nintendo Wii. In 2011, EA Games made an iPhone application which played exactly like the handheld game. It has the same commands from the handheld games and added extra commands which were never invented on the handheld game.
References

Other websites
 Bop It instructions
 Zing It Instructions

Toys
Games
Shamanism is a practice where a practitioner reaches altered states of consciousness. Supposedly,  the shaman  perceives and interacts with a spirit world, and channels these  energies into this world.

A shaman is a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and bad spirits. They usually enter into a trance state during a ritual, and do divination and healing. To become a shaman, a person has to have had a near death experience (a "shamanic illness").

The name "shaman" comes from the Evenki people in Siberia.

Shamans play a central role in these movements, as they can be in both worlds, this one, and the world of spirits.

Beliefs

 Spirits are real and can do things in the real world.
 There are good and evil spirits.
 Healing can be done in the spirit and real world.
 A person's spirit can leave their body and go into the world of the spirits.
 Animal shapes are used to interact with the spirits.

Shamanism is different from animism.

Films
Films

Quantum Men (Carlos Serrano Azcona) Spain 2011
Other Worlds (Jan Kounen) France 2004
Bells From the Deep (Werner Herzog) Germany 1993
The Mad Masters (Jean Rouch) France 1955
Au pays des mages noirs (Jean Rouch) France 1947

References 

Religious leaders
Cultural anthropology
John 'Jocky' Alexander Scott (born January 14, 1948 in Aberdeen) is a Scottish football manager and former player. He is currently the manager of Dundee F.C.

1948 births
Living people
Scottish football managers
Footballers from Aberdeen
A real-time operating system (RTOS; commonly pronounced as "are-toss") is a multitasking operating system designed for real-time applications. Such applications include embedded systems, industrial robots, scientific research equipment and others.

An RTOS simplifies the creation of a real-time applications, but does not guarantee the final result will be real-time; this requires good development of the software.

Real-time operating systems use specialized scheduling algorithms in order to provide the real-time applications. An RTOS can respond more quickly and/or predictably to an event than other operating systems.

The main features of an RTOS are minimal interrupt latency and a minimal thread switching latency.

The basic two designs for RTOS are:

 Event-driven (priority scheduling) designs: switch tasks only when an event of higher priority needs service, called pre-emptive priority.
 Time-sharing designs: switch tasks on a clock interrupt, and on events, called round robin.
Examples 
These are the best known, most widely used real-time operating systems. See List of real-time operating systems for a full list. Also, see List of operating systems for all types of operating systems.

 Windows CE
 QNX
 RTLinux
 VxWorks
 TRON

Related pages 
 Operating system
 BIOS
 Rate-monotonic scheduling
 Adaptive Partition Scheduler
 Earliest deadline first scheduling

Other websites 

 SOOS Project

Computer science
Rage is a heavy metal band from Germany. They have been playing since 1984. Today, only Peavy Wagner is the only member in the band who has been playing since the beginning. At first they were called Avenger.

Discography

Under the name Avenger
 Prayers of Steel (1985)
 Depraved to Black (EP, 1985)

Albums
 Reign of Fear (1986)
 Execution Guaranteed (1987)
 Perfect Man (1988)
 Secrets in a Weird World (1989)
 Reflections of a Shadow (1990)
 Trapped (1992)
 The Missing Link (1993)
 10 Years in Rage (1994)
 Black In Mind (1995)
 Lingua Mortis (1996)
 End of All Days (1996)
 XIII (1998)
 Ghosts (1999)
 Welcome to the Other Side (2001)
 Unity (2002)
 Soundchaser (2003)
 Speak of the Dead (2006)
 Carved in Stone (2008)
 Strings to a Web (2010)
 21 (2012)
 The Devil Strikes Again (2016)

EPs
 Extended Power (1991)
 Beyond the Wall (1992)
 Refuge (Japan) (1993)
 Higher than the Sky (Japan) (1996)
 Live from the Vault (Japan) (1997)
Other
 Power of Metal (Live, 1994)
 From the Cradle to the Stage (Live, 2004)
 Full Moon in St. Petersburg (Live, 2007)

Other websites

 Official website
 Nuclear Blast - official website

German heavy metal bands
Egon Schiele (12 June 1890 – 31 October 1918) (, or SHEE-luh) was a painter from Austria. Some people see his work as expressionist, but also in the art nouveau movement. With Gustav Klimt and Oskar Kokoschka, he was among the most important artists of Wiener Moderne.  The most important collection of Schiele's work is in the Leopold Museum in Vienna.

Schiele died of influenza, at only 28 years old of the pandemic known as Spanish flu, which killed between 20 and 100 million people.

Images 

Austrian painters
Deaths from influenza
1890 births
1918 deaths
A reduced instruction set computing (acronym RISC pronounced risk), represents a CPU design method to simplify instructions which "do less" but provide higher performance by making instructions execute very fast.

RISC was developed as an alternative to what is now known as CISC. However, there are CPU designs other than RISC and CISC. Some examples are VLIW, MISC, OISC, massive parallel processing, systolic array, reconfigurable computing, and dataflow architecture.

The main feature of a RISC processors is a small core logic which allows designers to increase the number of the register set and increase internal parallelism using one of the following methods:
Instruction level parallelism (ILP) which increases the rate at which instructions are executed within a CPU 
Thread level parallelism (TLP)  which increases the number of threads the CPU can execute "in-parallel".  

Other features, which are typically found in RISC architectures are:
Uniform instruction format, using a single word with the opcode in the same bit positions in every instruction, requiring less decoding.
 Similar general purpose registers, allowing any register to be used by any method, simplifying compiler design. However most RISC CPUs have separate floating point registers.
 Simple addressing modes. Complex addressing performed via sequences of arithmetic and/or load-store operations.
 Few data types in hardware. Some CISCs have byte string instructions, or support complex numbers, which are almost never found on a RISC.

Well known RISC processors include Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, PIC, Power Architecture (including PowerPC), SuperH, and SPARC.

Related pages
 Complex instruction set computer
 Very long instruction word
 Minimal instruction set computer
 Zero instruction set computer
 OISC
 Microprocessor
 Instruction set architecture
 Computer architecture

Other websites
 RISC vs. CISC 
 What is RISC 
 RISC vs. CISC from historical perspective
A complex instruction set computer (acronym CISC pronounced sisk), represents a CPU design method in which each instruction can execute several low-level operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction. The term is used in contrast to reduced instruction set computer (RISC).

The terms RISC and CISC have become less meaningful with the continued improvements of both CISC and RISC designs and implementations. The first highly pipelined "CISC" implementations, such as Intel 80486 series, supports every instruction that their predecessors did, but achieved high efficiency only on a few simple x86 subset (similar to a RISC instruction set, but without the load-store limitations of RISC). Modern x86 processors also decode and split more complex instructions into a series of smaller internal "Micro-operations" which can thereby be executed in a pipelined (parallel) fashion, thus achieving high performance on a much larger subset of instructions.
Examples of CISC processors are the System/360 (excluding the 'scientific' Model 44), VAX, PDP-11, Motorola 68000 family, and Intel x86 architecture based processors.

Related pages
 CPU
 RISC
 ZISC
 VLIW
 microprocessor
 CPU design

References 

Computer architecture
A debugger is a computer program that is used to test and "debug" other programs, mainly to solve programming bugs. 

Debuggers offer advanced functions such as:
Running a program step by step (single-stepping),
Stopping (breaking) (pausing the program to examine the current state) at some kind of event by means of breakpoint (a place for stopping or pausing in a program),
Tracking; which means following the values of some variables, 
Some debuggers can change a program while it is running; some only watch it.

The same things that make a debugger useful for solving software bugs allow it to be used as a software cracking tool to defeat copy protection and other software protection features.

Computer science
BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra (formerly known as BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra) is a digital radio station from the BBC. It is broadcast on digital radio services and digital TV in the UK and Republic of Ireland. It is not available on normal analogue radio. It is also streamed online, however, some events are not available online, or outside the UK.

It is used to provide an additional sports commentary service when the BBC's main sports channel, BBC Radio 5 Live, is already being used.

It has given coverage of Major League Baseball's World Series since 2004.
It is also the digital radio home for Test Match Special - the station provides full commentary without the shipping forecast given by the Radio 4 long wave coverage.

Each year during Wimbledon Sports Extra provides extra court commentary for the first week of the tournament. The station also provides live coverage of the non-final rounds of the other Grand Slam tournaments.
The station first broadcast at 2.30pm on 2 February 2002. Juliette Ferrington introduced the first programme - commentary of a Manchester United against Sunderland football match.

Related pages
BBC Radio 5 Live

References

Other websites

5 Live Sports Extra
Sports media
In computing, firmware is a computer program that is "embedded" in a hardware device and is an essential part of the hardware. It is sometimes called embedded software. An example is a microcontroller, a part of the microprocessor that tells the microprocessor what actions to take. It can also be a larger program stored on flash memory, or uploaded onto existing hardware by a user.

As its name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and software, connecting the two worlds. It can mean slightly different things to different people, especially as stand-alone electronic devices become more like computers. Like software, it is a computer program which is run by a microprocessor. But it is also linked to a piece of hardware and has no meaning without it.
On a Computer 
A computer can have both firmware and software. The firmware is permanently stored in the computer, such as the BIOS, and cannot be easily changed or added to. Software, even the OS, can be replaced by reformatting the hard drive. Software includes the applications that a person operating a computer sees, like a web browser or a word processor. Sometimes a device driver is called firmware, since it is needed to run that piece of hardware, like a printer or a video card. The device driver is on the main part of the computer and can be easily updated (if an update exists).
On an Electronic Device 
Other electronic devices may not look like a computer, but they still have an embedded system such as a microcontroller inside, with a program telling them what to do. This is also firmware. A TV cable box, an elevator controller and a card reader in a hotel door lock all run firmware. In this case, the firmware is the only software on the device and it runs everything, from handling button presses to turning motors on or off.

In the past, firmware was stored in ROMs but now it is often stored in media that can be written to such as EEPROMs and Flash. Firmware in many machines such as routers can now be updated without any special hardware, other than a computer and a USB cable. This is done by downloading a new version from the World Wide Web to update the device, using instructions from the device manufacturer.
An electronic device is said to be "bricked" if it cannot be started because of firmware issues. It is then as useful as a brick. Loading the wrong firmware into a device might cause this. Firmware is stored as a binary image file.

Examples 
Examples of firmware include:
 The BIOS found in IBM-compatible Personal Computers 
 Code inside a printer (in addition to the printer driver that is on the computer)
 Software controlling a heart defibrillator
 Software controlling the lights in an office building
 Software controlling electronics in a car — the radio, the ABS (anti-lock braking system), engine controls, etc. 
 Software controlling newer household appliances (microwave ovens, dishwashers, etc.)

Related pages 
 BIOS
 Real-time operating system
 Microcode

References 

Computer science
Preparations and impact 
In preparations for the storm, emergency teams along the Louisiana and Texas coasts became active. The Governor of Texas, Rick Perry, started a disaster declaration for 17 counties in Texas that were in the possible path of the storm. He also activated around 1,200 National Guard troops, a 70 member rescue team, six helicopters, and a team that brings food and water to affected areas. About 200 buses became ready for use in San Antonio and Houston to help in evacuations. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a statewide emergency. In Cameron Parish, Louisiana, the Office of Emergency Preparedness started a mandatory evacuation, and Sheriff's deputies put up roadblocks. In the Gulf of Mexico, the Shell Oil company removed about 40 workers from drilling locations.
Storm surge from the storm reached  at Freshwater Locks in Louisiana, and also reached  at Rollover Pass in Texas.  Heavy rain fell along the upper Texas coast. The highest rainfall in Jefferson county from Edouard was  from a site along the East Bay Bayou at Jones and Allen.  In the Houston, Texas area,  of rain faell at the Baytown Emergency Management Center.  In central Texas, a cluster of thunderstorms near the center of the storm on August 6 caused  of rain near Hamilton, Texas. The strongest winds of  at the caused loss of electric power and a few fallen trees.

Related pages
Tropical cyclone
National Hurricane Center

References

Atlantic tropical storms
Hurricanes in the United States
August 2008 events
2008 Atlantic hurricane season
2000s in Louisiana
2008 in Texas
In algebra, the discriminant, sometimes represented by the symbol , is an algebraic expression used to determine the number of roots a polynomial have.  

For example, the discriminant of the quadratic polynomial 
       is       .

If the discriminant is larger than zero, then the polynomial has two (distinct) real numbers as roots. 

If the discriminant is equal to zero, then the polynomial has two repeating real numbers as roots (i.e., exactly one real root).

If the discriminant is smaller than zero, then the polynomial has two (purely) complex numbers as roots (i.e., zero real root).

Apart for quadratic polynomials, discriminants can be defined for cubic polynomials, general conic equations, and other mathematical entities such as differential equations and quadratic forms as well.

Related pages 

 Equation solving
 Quadratic equation

References 

Algebra
Number theory
Algebraic geometry
A single event upset (SEU) is a change of state caused by a low-energy ions or electro-magnetic or nuclear radiation or any other kind of interferences that can reach (called "strike") a sensitive node in a micro-electronic device, such as in a microprocessor, semiconductor memory, or power transistors. The error in the device output or operation caused as a result of the strike is called a SEU or a soft error. The SEU itself is not considered permanent damage to the transistor's, circuits' or devices'.

Electronic components
Chris Gbandi is a football player. He plays for Haugesund and Liberia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Dallas Burn||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||0||0
|-
|2003||22||1
|-
|2004||23||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Dallas||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||17||1
|-
|2006||28||0
|-
|2007||21||1

|-
|2008||Haugesund||First Division||||
113||0
0||0
113||0

International career statistics

|-
!Total||1||0

1979 births
Living people
Liberian footballers
Matthew Wolfenden is a football player. He plays for F.C. United of Manchester. He has also played for Oldham Athletic and Wrexham.

Club career statistics

References

English footballers
People from Oldham
1987 births
Living people
Arthur Wharton is a former english football player.

References

1865 births
1930 deaths
Ghanaian footballers
English association football goalkeepers
Hristo Stoichkov (born 8 February 1966) is a former Bulgarian football player. He has played for Bulgaria national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1982/83||rowspan="2"|Hebros Harmanli||||11||4||||||||||||||11||4
|-
|1983/84||||21||10||||||||||||||21||10
|-
|1984/85||rowspan="6"|CSKA Sofia||rowspan="6"|A PFG||11||0||||||||||||||11||0
|-
|1985/86||0||0||||||||||||||0||0
|-
|1986/87||25||6||||||||||||||25||6
|-
|1987/88||27||14||||||||||||||27||14
|-
|1988/89||26||23||||||||||||||26||23
|-
|1989/90||30||38||||||||||||||30||38

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="5"|Barcelona||rowspan="5"|La Liga||24||14||6||2||colspan="2"|-||8||5||38||21
|-
|1991/92||32||17||2||1||colspan="2"|-||9||4||43||22
|-
|1992/93||34||20||6||2||colspan="2"|-||6||2||46||24
|-
|1993/94||34||16||6||1||colspan="2"|-||8||7||48||24
|-
|1994/95||27||9||4||5||colspan="2"|-||8||3||39||17

|-
|1995/96||Parma||Serie A||23||5||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||2||30||7
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||22||7||6||1||colspan="2"|-||6||0||34||8
|-
|1997/98||4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||3||1||8||1

|-
|1997/98||CSKA Sofia||A PFG||4||1||||||||||||||4||1

|-
|1997/98||Al-Nasr||||5||1||||||||||||||5||1

|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||16||8||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||8
|-
|1999||11||4||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||12||5

|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Chicago Fire||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||18||9||3||1||||||||||21||10
|-
|2001||17||6||3||2||||||||||20||8
|-
|2002||16||2||0||0||||||||||16||2
|-
|2003||DC United||Major League Soccer||21||5||3||1||||||||||24||6
155||96||||||||||||||155||96
177||83||31||12||colspan="2"|-||48||22||256||117
23||5||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||2||30||7
5||1||||||||||||||5||1
27||12||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||29||13
72||22||9||4||||||||||81||26
459||219||43||16||1||1||53||24||556||260
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1986||1||1
|-
|1987||3||0
|-
|1988||11||3
|-
|1989||8||1
|-
|1990||4||0
|-
|1991||3||2
|-
|1992||5||2
|-
|1993||6||4
|-
|1994||11||9
|-
|1995||7||7
|-
|1996||5||5
|-
|1997||4||1
|-
|1998||10||1
|-
|1999||5||1
|-
!Total||83||37
|}

References 

1966 births
Living people
Bulgarian footballers
Bulgarian football managers
RC Celta de Vigo managers
Ballon d'Or winners
FC Barcelona players
Bulgaria at the 1994 FIFA World Cup
Bulgaria at UEFA Euro 1996
Bulgaria at the 1998 FIFA World Cup
Sandy Martens is a football player. He has played for Belgium national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993-94||Olsa Brakel||||30||18
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="5"|Gent||rowspan="5"|First Division||31||10
|-
|1995-96||32||9
|-
|1996-97||30||6
|-
|1997-98||22||6
|-
|1998-99||28||8
|-
|1999-00||rowspan="5"|Brugge||rowspan="5"|First Division||29||4
|-
|2000-01||31||8
|-
|2001-02||26||5
|-
|2002-03||30||14
|-
|2003-04||15||2
|-
|2003-04||rowspan="4"|Gent||rowspan="4"|First Division||11||0
|-
|2004-05||3||1
|-
|2005-06||28||2
|-
|2006-07||7||1
|-
|2007-08||Beveren||Second Division||26||5
|-
|2008-09||Oudenaarde||Third Division||||
379||99
379||99
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||6||3
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
!Total||11||3
|}

References

1972 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
C. B. Fry is a former sportsman. He played Cricket and football for England. He played in an FA Cup Final. Fry held a world record for long jump for many years. He also played Rugby union.

Later in his life, he was a writer and diplomat. He was asked to become king of Albania, but refused it.

International career statistics

|-
|1901||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1872 births
1956 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
People from Croydon
Egil Olsen is a former football player. He has played for Norway national team.

International career statistics

|-
!Total||16||0

1942 births
Living people
Norwegian footballers
Franck Queudrue (born 27 August 1978) is a football player. He plays for Birmingham City.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999-00||rowspan="3"|Lens||rowspan="3"|Division 1||16||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||0||23||1
|-
|2000-01||22||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||1
|-
|2001-02||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2001-02||rowspan="5"|Middlesbrough||rowspan="5"|Premier League||28||2||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|2002-03||31||1||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||33||2
|-
|2003-04||31||0||2||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|2004-05||31||5||2||0||1||0||9||0||43||5
|-
|2005-06||29||3||3||0||3||0||14||0||49||3
|-
|2006-07||Fulham||Premier League||29||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||1
|-
|2007-08||rowspan="2"|Birmingham City||Premier League||16||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2008-09||League Championship||||||||||||||||||||
40||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||0||47||2
195||12||18||0||12||1||23||0||248||13
235||14||18||0||12||1||30||0||295||15
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Paris
Craig Bellamy (born 13 July 1979) is a Welsh football player. He plays for Manchester City and Wales national team. He was part of the Great Britain squad at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Norwich City||rowspan="5"|First Division||3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|1997/98||36||13||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||38||13
|-
|1998/99||40||17||0||0||5||2||colspan="2"|-||45||19
|-
|1999/00||4||2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||2
|-
|2000/01||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2000/01||Coventry City||Premier League||34||6||2||1||3||1||colspan="2"|-||39||8
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Newcastle United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||27||9||3||0||3||4||6||1||39||14
|-
|2002/03||29||7||1||0||0||0||6||2||36||9
|-
|2003/04||16||5||0||0||0||0||8||5||24||10
|-
|2004/05||21||7||1||0||2||0||5||3||29||10

|-
|2004/05||Celtic||Premier League||12||7||3||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||9
|-
|2005/06||Blackburn Rovers||Premier League||27||13||1||2||4||2||colspan="2"|-||32||17
|-
|2006/07||Liverpool||Premier League||27||7||0||0||2||0||12||2||41||9
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|West Ham United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||2||0||0||1||2||colspan="2"|-||9||4
|-
|2008/09||16||5||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||5
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Manchester City||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||3||0||0||0||0||3||2||11||5
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
297||96||10||3||21||11||40||15||368||126
12||7||3||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||9
309||103||13||5||21||11||40||15||383||135
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1998||4||2
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||5||1
|-
|2002||3||2
|-
|2003||5||1
|-
|2004||7||1
|-
|2005||4||2
|-
|2006||7||2
|-
|2007||8||4
|-
|2008||5||1
|-
|2009||4||1
|-
!Total||58||17
|}

References 

1979 births
Living people
2012 Summer Olympics
British Olympians
Liverpool F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Sportspeople from Cardiff
Welsh footballers
West Ham United F.C. players
Derlei is a football player. He plays for Sporting Portugal.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999-00||rowspan="3"|Leiria||rowspan="3"|Portuguese League||26||8
|-
|2000-01||32||13
|-
|2001-02||33||21
|-
|2002-03||rowspan="3"|Porto||rowspan="3"|Portuguese League||26||7
|-
|2003-04||18||12
|-
|2004-05||13||10

|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Dynamo Moscow||rowspan="2"|Russian League||23||13
|-
|2006||18||7

|-
|2006-07||Benfica||Portuguese League||12||2
|-
|2007-08||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese League||4||1
|-
|2008-09||||
164||74
41||20
205||94
|}

Brazilian footballers
1975 births
Living people
Avril Ramona Lavigne (born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. Her first album Let Go was credited as the biggest pop debut of 2002. It was certified seven-times Platinum in the United States. Avril is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music since she paved the way for female-driven, punk-influenced pop music in the early 2000s.

Early life 
Avril grew up in Ontario. At the age of 14, she began writing her own music and performing at country fairs. Her first song "Can't Stop Thinking About You" was about a teenage crush, which she described as "cheesy cute". By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain. By 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million.

Music career
Music career

2002–2003: Let Go 
In June 2002, Avril Lavigne began with the release of her first album Let Go and also a music video for the first single Complicated. In the US, it reached number two on the Billboard 200 chart. At 17 years old, Avril was the youngest female soloist to have a number-one album on the UK Albums Chart at that time. She was nominated for five Grammy Awards. Complicated, Sk8r Boi and I'm With You were all number one songs on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40.

2004–2005: Under My Skin 
Under My Skin, was released on May 2004. The album debuted at number one in Australia, Mexico, Canada, Japan, UK, and U.S. The singles from the album were "Don't Tell Me", "My Happy Ending", "Nobody's Home" and "He Wasn't". Avril was awarded for "World's Best Pop/Rock Artist" and "World's Bestselling Canadian Artist" at the 2004 World Music Awards. She received five Juno Award nominations in 2005. She won three of them which include "Artist of the Year".
2006–2008: The Best Damn Thing 
The Best Damn Thing was released In April 2007. Girlfriend, the first single from the album became Lavigne's first number-one single on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and was one of the decade's biggest singles. The album was the first to carry a parental advisory warning due to repeated use of swear words. Avril described the album as "fast, fun, young, bratty, aggressive, confident, cocky in a playful way ... all the good stuff". The albums second single was When You're Gone. Avril won two World Music Awards in 2007, for "World's Bestselling Canadian Artist" and "World's Best Pop/Rock Female Artist".

2009–2011: Goodbye Lullaby
Goodbye Lullaby was released on March 2011 in the US. Avril said that the album as being about her life experiences rather than focusing on relationships and that it was easy for her to do a "boy-bashing pop song," but it was different to write about something "that's really close to me, something I've been through." Other than the album's lead single "What the Hell", Avril described the songs on Goodbye Lullaby as different from her earlier songs. She said her music on this album was less pop rock than her previous material.

2012–2015: Avril Lavigne 
Avril's fifth studio album, the self-titled Avril Lavigne, was released on November 2013. Avril described the album as being "pop and more fun again". The four singles from the album were "Here's to Never Growing Up", "Rock n Roll", "Let Me Go", and "Hello Kitty".
2016–present: Head Above Water 
Avril's sixth studio album Head Above Water was released on February 2019. The four singles from the album were: "Head Above Water", "Tell Me It's Over", "Dumb Blonde" and "I Fell in Love with the Devil". Avril re-recorded the track "Warrior" and released it as a single titled "We Are Warriors". All the proceeds from the single supported Project HOPE during the COVID-19 pandemic.

At an interview in May 2020, Avril mentioned that she would "like to release some music in 2021 and that she's started working on new material, which could be the basis of her next album". In September 2022, she got her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Personal life 
During her childhood, Avril was diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. She has taken Ritalin ever since.

Avril was diagnosed with Lyme disease in 2014. In an interview, she said that she was in the recovery process, and that she wanted to increase awareness of the disease.
Influences 
Lavigne stated music artists like Alanis Morissette, No Doubt, Green Day, Sum 41, Lisa Loeb, System of a Down, Goo Goo Dolls, Matchbox Twenty, Nirvana, Blink-182, Natalie Imbruglia, Incubus, Coldplay, Hanson, The Rubinoos, Concrete Blonde and Joan Jett as influences.

Discography

Studio albums 
Let Go (2002)
Under My Skin (2004)
The Best Damn Thing (2007)
Goodbye Lullaby (2011)
Avril Lavigne (2013)
Head Above Water (2019)

Singles

Filmography

Tours

Headlinglining tours 
Try To Shut Me Up Tour (2002–03)
Bonez Tour/ Mall Tour (2004–05)
 The Best Damn World Tour (2008)
The Black Star Tour (2011–2012) 
 The Avril Lavigne Tour (2013–2014)
 Head Above Water Tour (2019)

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official site
 Official Myspace

 Avril Bandaids
 Avril Lavigne (China) 
 Avril Lavigne (Hong Kong) Fan Club 
 Rock Girl Avril Lavigne (TW) Fan Club
1984 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian singers
Canadian pop singers
Canadian rock guitarists
Canadian rock singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Former good articles
Rock guitarists
Singers from Ontario
Doctor Hannibal Lecter is a fictional serial killer. He is a character in books by the crime drama writer Thomas Harris. Several of these books have been made into movies. Lecter was also the main character in an NBC television show called Hannibal.

Lecter himself
Lecter is a cannibal, meaning that he eats people. He is also highly intelligent, so that he can talk to people in a way that makes them afraid or disturbed. He employs this unusual technique most famously in The Silence of the Lambs, a novel featuring him that was made into a movie starring Anthony Hopkins as Lecter. The movie became very popular, and won many awards.

Lecter is Lithuanian. He is cultured, and his reasons for killing people are often that he thinks they are annoying, rude or corrupt. He is a psychopath, a predator who does not feel empathy. Thus, he feels no guilt about his actions.