Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
8 (VIII) is a leap year of the Julian calendar which started on a Sunday. According to the Gregorian calendar, it started on a Tuesday. It was the 8th year of the 1st century.

Events

Roman Empire 
 August 3 – Roman general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
 Vipsania Julia is exiled. Lucius Aemilius Paullus and his family are disgraced. Augustus breaks off engagement of Claudius to Paullus' daughter Aemilia Lepida.
 Effort is made to betrothe Claudius to Livia Medullina
 Marcus Furius Camillus, Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus, suff. Lucius Apronius become Roman Consuls.
Roman poet Ovid is banished from Rome and exiled to the Black Sea near Tomis (present-day Constanţa).
 Ovid begins the Fasti (Festivals), 6 books that detail the first 6 months of the year.

Europe 
 Tincomarus, deposed king of the Atrebates, flees Britain for Rome; Eppillus becomes king.

Mid-East 
 Vonones I becomes king of Parthia.
Asia 
 Start of Chushi era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
 Wang Mang seizes power in China and establishes the short-lived Xin Dynasty.
China invents paper, which is first used by the military.

Births 
 Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman consul and brother of emperor Vespasian (d. 69)

Deaths 
Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, Roman general (b. 64 BC).

References 

0s
9 (IX) is a common year of the Julian calendar which started on a Tuesday. According to the Gregorian calendar, it started on a Thursday. It was the 9th year of the 1st century.

Events

Roman Empire 
Illyria is turned into a province after a revolt has been defeated.
The Rhine River is established as the boundary between the Latin and German speaking worlds, following the defeat of the Roman army, under the command of Varus, at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
Ovid is banished to Tomis.
 Pannonia (modern-day Hungary) submits to Roman rule.
 In order to increase the number of marriages, and ultimately the population, the lex Papia Poppaea is adopted in Rome. This law prohibits celibacy and childless relationships.
 Roman finances become strained following the Danubian insurrection, and Varus' defeat in Germany. This results in the levying of two new taxes: five percent of inheritances, and one percent on sales.
Ovid completes Ibis.

Asia 
Wang Mang founds the short-lived Xin Dynasty in China (until 25).
Births 
November 18 - Vespasian, Roman emperor

Deaths 
Publius Quinctilius Varus, Roman general, at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, said to have committed suicide

References 

9
10 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, throughout the Roman Empire, it was known as the year of the consulship of Dolabella and Silanus

Events 
 Differentiation of localized Teutonic tribes of the Irminones.
 The Greek dynasty in Bactria is ended
 Publius Cornelius Dolabella is a Roman Consul.
 Illyria is divided into Pannonia and Dalmatia.
 Ovid finishes writing Tristia (the "Sorrows") (5 books) and Epistulae ex Ponto (Letters from the Black Sea) (4 books) describing the sadness of banishment.

Births 
 Hero of Alexandria, Greek engineer (d. c. 70)
 Saint Peter, one of Jesus' disciples and the first pope (d. c. 64).

Deaths 
 Didymus Chalcenterus, Greek scholar and grammarian. (b. c. 63 BC)

10s
11 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lepidus and Taurus.

Events 
 Germania Inferior and the Rhine secured by Germanicus
 Augustus ends his plan to create a defensive border at the Elbe. This is to reinforce the Roman defence along the Rhine and the Danube.
 Artabanus III of the Arsacid Dynasty becomes ruler of Parthia
 In India, Satakarni begins his reign as Emperor of the Andhra Empire (11-29)

Births

Deaths 
 Marcus Antistius Labeo, Roman jurist

10s
12 is a year in the 1st century. It was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Capito.

Events 
 Annius Rufus is appointed Prefect of Judea.
 Germanicus and Gaius Fonteius Capito become Roman Consuls.
 Quirinius returns from Judea to become a counselor to Tiberius
 Ovid stops writing Fasti because of the lack of resources (being far from the libraries of Rome). He completes 6 books that detail festivals found in the Roman Calendar.

Births 
 August 31 – Caligula, Roman Emperor

12
13 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silius and Plancus.

Events 
 Abgarus of Edessa is reinstalled as king of Osroene.
 Roman Senate passed a senatus consultum restricting the reduced Vigintisexviri to the Ordo Equester.
 Tiberius made his triumphant procession through Rome after siege of Germany.
 Last year of Shijianguo era of the Chinese Xin Dynasty
 Strabo publishes his view on the shape of the Earth

Deaths 
 Empress Wang Zhengjun (b. 71 BC)

10s
30 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vinicius and Longinus.

Events 
 Kushan Empire is founded
 City of Tournai is founded in Belgium
 Possible year for the Sermon on the Mount 
 April 7 - possible date for crucifixion of Jesus
 Saint Peter becomes Pope
 Phaedrus translates Aesop's fables
 Velleius Paterculus writes the general history of the countries known in Antiquity

Births 
Nerva, Roman emperor
Quintus Petillius Cerialis, brother-in-law of Vespasian
Praveen Ranjan

Deaths 
April 7 - Judas Iscariot, disciple of Jesus
April 7/Good Friday - Jesus (born about 4 BC) - most widely accepted date by modern scholars (traditionally 33)
Shammai, president of the Sanhedrin and talmudic scholar, died 30 C.E.
John the Baptist 

30
50 (Roman numerals: L) is a common year of the Gregorian calendar. It started on a Saturday.

It is one of only seven years to use just one Roman numeral. The seven are 1 AD (I), 5 AD (V), 10 AD (X), 50 AD (L), 100 AD (C), 500 AD (D), and 1000 AD (M).

Events 
 The Romans create a city called Londinium on the River Thames

Deaths 
 Abgarus of Edessa, king of Osroene
 Aulus Cornelius Celsus, writer of De Medicina
 Gamliel I, the nasi of the Jewish people in Babylonia

50
The number three (3) is one more than two and one less than four. It is the first Mersenne prime. Three is an important number for many cultures (groups of people living together). It is also a prime number. It is the first odd prime. In Roman numerals, it is III.

Famous threes 
 the Three Stooges
 the three Doshas (weaknesses) in Ayurvedic medicine in India
 the Trimurti (three aspects of God) in Hindu religion
 the Holy Trinity in Christian religion
 three gifts of the wise men (Magi) who visited Christ at his birth in the Gospel of Matthew.
 the three bears in the fairy tale Goldilocks
 the three Imperial Regalia of Japan

Integers
Prime numbers
10 (one ten or ten  for short) is the number that is after nine and before eleven. Most people have ten fingers and ten toes.

Ten is the smallest positive whole number with two digits. Ten is an important number because most people write numbers using multiples of ten. This is called the decimal number system.

In Roman numerals, 10 is written as X.

References

Integers
A man is a adult male human. He is the opposite of a woman. People use the word "man" (one man, two or more men) to talk about gender. Manhood is the period in a male's life after he changes from a boy. A boy is a male child; a female child is called a girl. After boys reach maturity, they can be called a man.

Like most other male mammals, a man inherits an X chromosome from his mother and a Y chromosome from his father. The men's rights movement is a group that tries to fight for men's rights and opposes misandry.

Someone who changes gender to male would also be called a man.

Biology and gender 

There are some sexual differences between a man and a woman. Men have sex organs which we call "external" (not inside the body). But many parts of the male reproductive system are internal too. The study of male reproduction and sex organs is "andrology".

Men normally have the same illnesses as women, but there are some sexual illnesses which men have only, or more often.
There are more differences between men and women, not only sexual differences.
 Some people say men, as a group, are more aggressive than women; they want to fight more. But most research has found that men and women are equally aggressive.
 In modern western society, few men wear make-up or clothing of the sort women traditionally wear.

Some examples of secondary sexual characteristics in male humans:
 more pubic hair
 more facial hair
 more body hair
 larger hands and feet than women
 broader shoulders and chest
 narrower hips
 larger skull and bone structure
 larger brain
 greater muscle mass
 a more visible Adam's apple and deeper voice
 a longer shinbone

Men are usually taller than women. In 1996, the average height of men around the world was 171 cm.
Biology is not the only thing which makes people feel they are men, or that other people are men. Some people were born in a female body but feel that they are men. We call these transgender or transsexual men. Some men can have a hormone or chromosomal difference (for example "androgen insensitivity syndrome"). Some men have other intersex conditions. Some of those intersex people who people said were female (girls) when they were born want to change this later in their lives.

References 

 
Basic English 850 words
A woman is an adult female human. The plural of "woman" is "women". Young human females are called "girls". The word "women" is sometimes used to refer to females of any age (as in the phrase "Women's rights") 

Women usually have less hair on their faces and bodies than men. After they finished puberty, and before menopause, women are usually able to get pregnant and give birth to babies.

Women have historically been treated differently from men. They have also been expected to act differently.  In many places, the treatment of and expectations for women have changed with the spread of women's rights in the 20th century.  Transgender women are born male but live as women, and attracted more attention in the late 20th century.

Biology 

Women have sex organs including a vagina, uterus, and ovaries from birth. After they become adults, women also have breasts to make milk for babies.
Women's bodies are usually different than men's bodies in some other ways, including:
less pubic hair
less facial hair
less body hair
smaller hands and feet
narrower shoulders and chest
wider hips
smaller skull and bone structure
smaller brain
less muscle mass
higher voice
a shorter shinbone

Women are usually shorter than men. In 1996, the average height of women around the world was 159 cm.

Pregnancy and childbirth 

Between the end of  puberty and  menopause, a woman can become pregnant. Women go through puberty usually when they are between ten and sixteen years old. The menopause usually starts in the late forties, and ends in the early fifties. Between these ages, women go through a menstrual cycle, once a month. If such a woman has sex with a man, at the right time of the month, and no contraception is used, the woman may get pregnant.

Getting pregnant
Getting pregnant 

A woman who has sex with a man, at the right time, may get pregnant, if no contraception is used. Contraception will stop a pregnancy.  When she gets pregnant,  the ovum of her menstrual cycle will be fertilized, and attach itself to the wall of the uterus. In humans, a pregnancy usually takes about 38 weeks. After this time, a child is born. For childbirth, a woman usually gets help from specially-trained people, called midwives. During the pregnancy, the woman should regularly see a doctor. Very often, these doctors are specialized, and are called gynecologists or obstetricians. 

After the child is born, the woman will breast-feed her child for some time. 

Sometimes women who are very young get pregnant. These pregnancies are known as teenage pregnancies; very often, they are more difficult than normal ones.
Keeping a pregnancy from starting 
If a woman had sex with a man, and no contraception was used, there's the risk of her getting pregnant. If she does not want to get pegnant,  she has some time to take what is called emergency contraception. Emergency contraception protects against unwanted pregnancies, as it keeps the pregnancy from starting. It does not protect against sexually-transmitted diseases. Also, it will not work all the time. Very often, women who want to get emergency contaception also need to spend some time with a professional in a counselling session. Depending on the country, emergency contraception may not be available, or it may not be legal.
Stopping a pregnancy 
Humans also have the possibility to stop a pregnancy, when it has started. Stopping a pregnancy is called abortion. When people do it on purpose, it is called induced abortion. Pregnancies that stop on their own are called spontaneous abortion,  miscarriage or stillbirth.  Depending on the country or region, a pregnancy can be stopped at any time, or there are limits, for how long it can be stopped. Pregnancies that have gone on longer are generally more difficult to stop.
Many countries have laws that say for what reasons, a pregnancy can be stopped. One of a common set of reason is that continuing the pregnancy would be dangerous to the woman. Another common reason is that the pregnancy was the result of a rape (the woman did not want to have sex with a person). Still another would be that the child would be born with certain birth defects. All of these reasons vary by country. In some countries, they also vary by area. Some countries are very liberal, others are more restrictive. Some countries or territories do not allow abortion at all.

During the pregnancy 
During the pregnancy, the woman will change too. There are many things  a woman should no longer do. Many drugs have a bad effect on the child growing inside her. The woman therefore needs to watch the drugs that she takes, and she needs to tell the people who give her the drugs (at the pharmacy) that she is pregnant. Note that drinking alcohol, or smoking cigarettes also has a bad effect on the unborn.
Giving birth 
In humans, a pregnancy lasts 266 days, on average. Most children are born within two weeks of the calculated date. Only four percent of the children are born on the calculated date. With birth, the unborn child leaves the womb.There are certain signs that a birth is about to occur:

 The womb (also called uterus) will contract regularly, at first about once every 10 minutes
 A slight bleeding
 The amniotic sac will break (this is called rupture of membranes)
 Either diarrhea or vomiting

A woman giving birth will feel pain, much more pain than other animals (such as the Great Apes).This is mainly due to the fact that the head is big, and the pelvis is rather small. 

In many countries, hospitals are specially equipped to handle births. Giving birth at a hospital has the benefit that the woman can get help faster, if anything goes wrong. For this reason, most births happen at a hospital.

In some cases, people can also give birth at home.
Anonymous birth 
Some countrires allow a woman to give birth anoymously. That way, the woman does not have to give her name, or much other personal information. The baby will then be given up for adoption, so that another couple can raise the child.

Giving the child away 

In many countries there are hospitals with baby hatches. A woman can put her child in such a hatch. The baby will be raised and cared for, and it will be given up for adoption. Many women who are unable to raise the child use baby hatches.

Rights 
Women have historically had less control over their lives than men. They have often been forbidden to own land, vote, hold political office, or choose whom they marry and discouraged from voicing political opinions or attending school. Since the beginning of the 20th century women have gained many rights in most of the developed world.
Women have also historically faced a lot of sexual violence, harassment, and discrimination. The amount of sexual violence, harassment, and discrimination has decreased with the spread of women's rights, but many women still face these problems.

Gender roles
Women have historically been expected to bear and raise children, limit their public lives, and allow their male relatives to make decisions for them. These expectations have changed with the spread of women's rights.

Education 

Before modern societies, education of women was limited. In developed countries, most women have access to education, and even perform better than men at many levels. In the United States in 2005 and 2006, women have earned 62% of associate degrees, 58% of bachelor's degrees, 60% of master's degrees, and 50% of doctorates.

Education, especially for women, has become more common in most countries in the 20th and 21st centuries than it was previously.

Women at work
Women at work 

In most countries, women work, like men. Their jobs are sometimes different, and sometimes their work is what society expects. In jobs, that have ot do wirth education, or with healthcare, there are generally more women than men. If women and men do the same job, women often earn less for their work. This is known as gender pay gap. Also, there are fewer women in leading roles of  companies.

Women in politics 

Some women have become successful politicians. In 2019, about a quarter of all politicians were female. Nordic countries were in the lead, with over 42%. The fewest female politicians can be found in Oceania, with just over 16%, Middle East and North Africa, with 19%, and Asiatic countries with just under 20%.
In most countries, women have the same rights to vote, and to get elected than men. This has not always been the case. The question, whether women should be able to vote is called women's suffrage. Only very few countries in the world do not allow women to vote or to get elected.

Science, literature, and art 

Throughout history, women have made contributions to science, literature, and art.  There were many female writers, but many published their work under a male name.  In music, women have been composers, songwriters, performers, singers, conductors, scholars, teachers, critics and more.

In the 18th century, biologists began using the symbol for the goddess Venus (♀️) as indicating a female plant or animal. It is often used for women.

Femininity
Femininity 

Femininity (also called womanliness or girlishness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Feminity is a social construct, which is different in different societies. Some behaviors considered feminine are biologically influenced.  People do not agree about the extent in which femininity is sociallly or biologically influenced. It is distinct from the definition of the biological female sex, as both men and women can have feminine traits.

References

Basic English 850 words
Position is a way to explain where something is.

Location
The words which indicate position are called prepositions.

Left, middle, and right

To find which is your left hand side, hold your hands palms down, point your index fingers and stick your thumbs out at right angles. The finger and thumb of your left hand will form a capital letter L. 

If the letter L you make is reversed, you found your right hand. Left and right are called opposite sides.

Middle is between up and down and is between left and right.
Middle means the same as center.

Far and near

Far means that something is a long way away from you. Near means it is close to you. Things can also be near and far other persons and other things.

In sports
In many sports, the term "position" is used to show what occupation a person has on their team. For example, in baseball, positions include catcher, shortstop and pitcher.
Human position 
In various activities such as dance and yoga, the static arrangement of the body and its parts is called a position, for example in an arabesque (ballet).

In math and physics

The position of something is where that thing is in space and time. Usually people use Cartesian coordinates to write down a position. So a scientist might say that the balloon was at x, y, z when it popped at a certain time.

In society
The position of a person is his status or responsibility in a community or group of people. It is called rank in the army.
In a factory the manager is a typical position.

Basic English 850 words
Geometry
Right might mean:

A position, the opposite of left
Right, the opposite of wrong in morality
Rights, something a person has that people think should not be taken away from them
Right-wing, a conservative point of view
Arundel Castle is a castle in Arundel, West Sussex, England. It was built by Edward the Confessor.

Other websites 
 Official site

Castles in England
Buildings and structures in West Sussex
11th-century buildings and structures‎
The Religious Society of Friends is a group with Christian roots that began in England in the 1650s. The group's formal title is the Society of Friends, or the Religious Society of Friends.

People in the Society of Friends are called "Friends" or Quakers, which mean the same thing. Most Quakers are Christian, but the group today includes a few other people. They live all over the world, but the largest groups are in Kenya, the United States, Bolivia, Guatemala, the United Kingdom, and Burundi.
History 
The Society of Friends began in the 1650s in England. A man, named George Fox, spent several years struggling to figure out how to be a good Christian. He finally heard God's voice telling him that Christ would make it clear to him what he should do. Fox went around preaching to people and told them they could talk to God themselves and that they did not need a priest or minister to do it for them. He told them that if they listened within themselves, they would hear Christ telling them what to do. Fox found other people who had similar experiences. Together, they started a religious movement, which later became the Religious Society of Friends.

The government of England did not like the new group since at the time, the law required people to belong to the Church of England. Many Friends were put into jail or made to pay money as a punishment. At first, the word "Quaker" was a name used to make fun of the Friends, but after a while, many of those people came to like it and use it for themselves.
Seeking freedom of religion, some Quakers moved away to places like America. A young Quaker named William Penn started a new colony there. He got the land because King Charles II of England owed his father a lot of money. The new colony was called Pennsylvania, and it was a place for people to belong to any religion. Penn wanted people to be fair to one another, and he called the biggest city in his new colony Philadelphia, which means "The City of Brotherly Love." Soon, many Quakers were in America.

The Quakers were very active in America in the 19th century 1800s. Many of the leaders of the abolitionist and the women's rights movements, such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, were Quakers.

Today, there are about 375,000 Quakers in the world. This number is very small compared to other religious groups. Even so, many people have heard of the Quakers, because they have worked hard to make the world fairer and more just.
Worship 
Quaker worship services are called "meetings for worship".  They start with everybody sitting quietly, trying to listen to God. Sometimes, Quakers will feel that God wants them to say something. When that happens, the person stands up and tells everyone. Then, they all sit quietly again. At some meetings, many people will speak. At other meetings, nobody speaks. Quakers feel that a meeting for worship helps them to understand what God wants. Usually, worship lasts about an hour.

Anyone may go to a Quaker meeting.

Quakers also have meetings for worship for weddings and funerals. When two people get married, the meeting is about them and the life that they will live together. When people have died, the meeting is about remembering things about them and the life that they had.
Many Quakers in North America, South America, and Africa have a different kind of worship service that is like other Christian services. They sing hymns, and a pastor gives a sermon. They also have a quiet time, but it does not last as long. Those Quakers often have strong Christian beliefs.

At other times, the meetings also decide what Quakers should do, which can be called "meetings for business" but also "meetings for worship for business" because they include parts of both worship and business.

Way of life 
Quakers seek religious truth in their inner experiences. They rely on conscience to guide what they do. They emphasise direct experience of God rather than ritual or ceremony. They believe that priests and rituals are unnecessary to get between the believer and God. What Quakers say matches what they do.
Almost all Quakers share these beliefs:
 There is a piece of God in everybody and so each person is important. That makes Quakers value all people equally and oppose anything that may harm or threaten them.
 God can be found in everyday life as much as during a meeting for worship.
 Everybody has an "inner light" that tells them what they should do. The inner light comes from God.
 Everybody should try to do what God wants.
 People should try not to hurt other people.
 People should tell the truth and not lie. Quakers think that the truth is very important.
 People should not spend a lot of money on ourselves or wear clothes that make look rich.
 People should take care of the world around us (animals, plants, and the planet) so that it is healthy and can be used by people in the future.

References 

Protestantism
The size of something is how much space the thing takes. It can also be described as how big or small something is.

Sizes can be measured. When a size is measured, it is given a number.

Words for sizes
little
palmer is very small, as in short.
small means "little" 
tiny means "very little"
big
large means "big" 
huge means "very big"
 
Small and big are opposites.

Examples
Example 1
A yellow box is 2 metres long, 3 metres wide and 1 metre deep. The box has a volume of 6 cubic metres. 
A green box is 3 metres long, 3 metres wide and 1 metre deep. The size of the green box is 9 cubic metres.  
The green box is larger in size than the yellow box.

Example 2
A red box is 2 feet long, 3 feet wide and 1 foot deep. The box has a volume of 6 cubic feet. 
A blue box is 3 feet long, 3 feet wide and 1 foot deep. The size of the blue box is 9 cubic feet.  
The blue box is larger in size than the red box.

Notes

Basic English 850 words
Opposite may refer to:
 Antonym, a word that means the opposite of a word
 Additive inverse, in mathematics, taking the negative ("opposite") of a number

Related pages
 Opposition (astronomy and astrology)

Basic English 850 words
Direction follows an imaginary line connecting two points.
Something following the line is moving in that direction. People show directions by pointing.

The word direction is made from the root direct meaning to guide.

These are words used to talk about a direction:
 Up
 Down
 Backward
 Left
 Right
 Forward
 Northeast
 South
 Southeast
 East
 Northeast
 West

Related pages
 Compass
 Navigation

Basic English 850 words
Starvation happens when a living being (like a person or an animal) doesn't eat enough food to live properly. If a living thing is starving for a long period of time, it dies.

Starvation can be seen as an extreme version of hunger. During starvation, the body will slowly but surely become less fat and stop working properly, until the living being dies or eats enough again to stop starving.

There are other effects of starvation. These can include:
Tiredness,
problems with thinking properly,
sudden and extreme changes to emotions,
dehydration (lack of water in the body),
vomiting,
loss of muscles,
a swollen stomach caused by kwashiorkor,
weakness and not being able to stand.
When the body is starving, the body will start eating itself in a final attempt to survive. When there are no muscles and fat left to eat, the person (or animal) dies. People who eat nothing usually die in a few months.

Even when a starving person eats again, they may have permanent damage to their body.
Some people intentionally starve themselves to lose weight, but this is considered a bad idea because it may damage the body.

In history, countries used to use starvation as a form of the death penalty.

In 1944 Ancel Keys started a scientific experiment about starvation to see the impact of starvation on people and to see how people could best recover from starvation. The participants were all men. They ate 1800 calories a day.

Related pages
 Hunger
 Global Hunger Index
 Malnutrition
 Anorexia nervosa

References

Hunger
Microsoft Word or MS Word (often called Word) is a graphical word processing program that users can type with. It is made by the computer company Microsoft. Its purpose is to allow users to type and save documents.

Similar to other word processors, it has helpful tools to make documents.
 Spelling & grammar checker, word count (this also counts letters and lines)
 Speech recognition
 Inserts pictures in documents
 Choice of typefaces
 Special codes
 Web pages, graphs, etc.
 Tables
 Displays synonyms of words and can read out the text
 Prints in different ways

Microsoft Word is a part of Microsoft Office, but can also be bought separately.
History 
The program was first released in 1981.
Many of the ideas and features in Microsoft Word came from Bravo, the first graphical writing program.
Microsoft bought the Bravo program, and changed its name to Microsoft Word.
When it first came out, it was not very popular, and did not sell as well as other writing programs like WordPerfect.
Although it was not very popular when it came out, it had a feature called WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), which meant that people can change the visual style of writing (e.g. bold, italics), by selecting and formatting text, when in other programs like WordPerfect, people had to add special 'codes' to change the style of writing. WYSIWYG is now a common feature of all computer writing programs.

Versions 
There are versions for Microsoft Word for other operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows. New versions support fewer operating systems, although they always support Windows.
For Microsoft Windows 
 Word for Windows 1.1, for Windows 3.0 came out in March, 1990.
 Word for Windows 1.1a, for Windows 3.1 came out in June, 1990.
 Word for Windows 2.0, came out in 1991.
 Word for Windows 6.0, came out in 1993.
 Word for Windows 95 (sometimes called Word 7), came out in 1995.
 Word 97 (sometimes called Word 8), came out in 1997.
 Word 2000 (sometimes called Word 9), came out in 1999.
 Word 2002 (sometimes called Word 10 or Word XP), came out in 2001.
 Word 2007 which required Windows XP Service Pack 2.
 Word 2019 which is latest version of Microsoft Word to support Windows XP Professional 64-bit edition.

For macOS 

 Word 1.0 for Mac came out on January 18, 1985.
 Word 3.0 for Mac came out on January 31, 1987. (There was no "2.0" version.)
 Word 4.0 for Mac came out on November 6, 1990.
 Word 5.1 for Mac came out in 1992.
 Word 2001 was released in 2000.
 Word 2004 was released in May 2004.
 Word 2008 was released on January 15, 2008.
 Word 2011 was released in October 2010.
Popularity 

The program is very popular.

Without configuration the program saved the document in a proprietary file format, so other programs could not open it. When the user sent his document to a friend, the friend needed a copy of Microsoft Word to read the document. Then that friend would probably also save documents in the same secret format of Word. This gave Microsoft Word a dominant position.

Other websites 
 Official website 
 www.office.com

Microsoft Office
Word processors
Ants are a kind of insect that lives together in large colonies. They are the family Formicidae.

Ants are a lot like bees and wasps. They all came from the same kind of animal a long time ago, but now they are different. There are about 22,000 different kinds of ants, but we have only documented 12,500. Every kind of ant has a thin middle, called a thorax, and two long rods on their heads called antennae.

Ants live in groups that can be big or small. Some kinds of ants live in small groups and eat other animals. Some ants work together in very big groups. These groups can have millions of ants in them that travel outside every day in a big area. Ants are small, but they are very strong. Some ants are strong enough to carry things that are as heavy as 10 times their own weight. Some ants are called workers. Workers dig tunnels and carry food back to the colony so that other ants and the queen ant can eat. The Queen ant is the mother of all the ants in the colony. She is the only non-worker ant.
Colonies 
The groups that ants live in are called colonies. A colony has a female ant called a queen which lays eggs. Those eggs will grow into more ants. Big colonies of ants have different kinds of ants that grow from the eggs. These are called different castes of ants. Some are workers which do jobs like carrying and digging, and soldiers which fight other animals. Worker and soldier ants are females. Another type of ant are drones which are male ants.

Really big ant colonies are sometimes called superorganisms. This means the ants work together so well that they are like little parts of one big animal. Ants cannot live by themselves for very long because they need to work with other ants.

Ants have colonies almost everywhere on planet Earth.  Antarctica lacks ants because it's very cold and there's not much food. Small islands may not have ants.

Evolution
Evolution 

The family Formicidae belongs to the order Hymenoptera, which also includes bees, sawflies and wasps. Ants evolved from a lineage within the vespoid wasps.

Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ants arose in the Lower Cretaceous period about 110 to 130 million years ago, or even earlier. One estimate from DNA studies places the origin of ants at ≈140 million years ago (mya). Another study puts it in the Jurassic at 185 ± 36 mya (95% confidence limits).

After the rise of flowering plants about 100 million years ago ants diversified. They became ecologically dominant about 60 million years ago.

In 1966 E.O. Wilson and his colleagues identified the fossil remains of an ant (Sphecomyrma freyi) from the Cretaceous period. The specimen, trapped in amber dating back to more than 80 million years ago, has features of both ants and wasps. Sphecomyrma was probably a ground forager but some suggest that primitive ants were likely to have been predators underneath the surface of the soil.
During the Cretaceous period, a few species of primitive ants ranged widely on the Laurasian super-continent (the northern hemisphere). They were scarce in comparison to other insects, representing about 1% of the insect population.

Ants became dominant after adaptive radiation at the beginning of the Cainozoic. By the Oligocene and Miocene ants had come to represent 20-40% of all insects found in major fossil deposits. Of the species that lived in the Eocene epoch, approximately one in ten genera survive to the present. Genera surviving today comprise 56% of the genera in Baltic amber fossils (early Oligocene), and 92% of the genera in Dominican amber fossils (apparently early Miocene).p23
Termites, though sometimes called white ants, are not ants and belong to the order Isoptera. Termites are actually more closely related to cockroaches and mantids. Termites are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction. The similar social structure is attributed to convergent evolution. Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps.

Development and reproduction 

The life of an ant starts from an egg. If the egg is fertilised, the progeny will be female (diploid); if not, it will be male (haploid). Ants develop by complete metamorphosis with the larval stages passing through a pupal stage before emerging as an adult. The larva is fed and cared for by workers.

Food is given to the larvae by trophallaxis, a process in which an ant regurgitates liquid food held in its crop. This is also how adults share food, stored in the 'social stomach', among themselves.
Larvae may also be given solid food brought back by foraging workers, and may even be taken to captured prey in some species. The larvae grow through a series of moults and enter the pupal stage.

The differentiation into queens and workers (which are both female), and different castes of workers, is influenced in some species by the food the larvae get. Genetic influences, and the control of gene expression by the feeding are complex. The determination of caste is a major subject of research.p351, 372

A new worker spends the first few days of its adult life caring for the queen and young. It then does digging and other nest work, and later, defends the nest and forages. These changes are sometimes fairly sudden, and define what are called temporal castes. An explanation for the sequence is suggested by the high casualties involved in foraging, making it an acceptable risk only for ants that are older and are likely to die soon of natural causes.
Mating 
Most ant species have a system in which only the queen and breeding females can mate. Contrary to popular belief, some ant nests have multiple queens (polygyny). The life history of Harpegnathos saltator is
exceptional among ants because both queens and some workers
reproduce sexually.

The winged male ants, called drones, emerge from pupae with the breeding females (although some species, like army ants, have wingless queens), and do nothing in life except eat and mate.
The nuptial flight 
Most ants produce a new generation each year. During the species specific breeding period, new reproductives, winged males and females leave the colony in what is called a nuptial flight. Typically, the males take flight before the females. Males then use visual cues to find a common mating ground, for example, a landmark such as a pine tree to which other males in the area converge. Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow. Females of some species mate with just one male, but in some others they may mate with anywhere from one to ten or more different males. Mated females then seek a suitable place to begin a colony. There, they break off their wings and begin to lay and care for eggs. The females store the sperm they obtain during their nuptial flight to selectively fertilise future eggs.
The first workers to hatch are weak and smaller than later workers, but they begin to serve the colony immediately. They enlarge the nest, forage for food and care for the other eggs. This is how new colonies start in most species. Species that have multiple queens may have a queen leaving the nest along with some workers to found a colony at a new site,p143 a process akin to swarming in honeybees.

A wide range of reproductive strategies have been noted in ant species. Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through parthenogenesis, and one species, Mycocepurus smithii is known to be all-female.

Ant colonies can be long-lived. The queens can live for up to 30 years, and workers live from 1 to 3 years. Males, however, are more transitory, and survive only a few weeks. Ant queens are estimated to live 100 times longer than solitary insects of a similar size.
Ants are active all year long in the tropics but, in cooler regions, survive the winter in a state of dormancy or inactivity. The forms of inactivity are varied and some temperate species have larvae going into the inactive state (diapause), while in others, the adults alone pass the winter in a state of reduced activity.

Uses 
It may seem strange that ants have uses, but there are some. Some people use ants for food, medicine and rituals. Some species of ants are used for pest control (they eat pests that destroy food for humans). They can damage crops and enter buildings, though. Some species, like the red imported fire ant, live in places where they came to by complete accident.

Related pages 
 Formic acid
 Leaf-cutter ant

Notes

Further reading
 
 Hölldobler B. and Wilson E.O. 1998. Journey to the ants: a story of scientific exploration. Harvard University Press.

Other websites 

 
 
 
 Global Ant Project 
 The super-nettles. A dermatologist's guide to ants-in-the-plants
 Ant Citizendium
Scissors are a tool used for cutting thin material like:
 paper
 cardboard
 metal foil
 thin plastic
 food
 cloth
 rope
 wire
 hair
 nail

Knives are better than scissors for some uses. Unlike a knife, scissors have two sharp edges.
Some types of scissors, like children's scissors, are not very sharp. Children's scissors are often protected with plastic. These are called "Safety Scissors".

Scissors can be made for left-handed or right-handed people. Using scissors made for the wrong hand is very hard for most people. 

There are many kinds of scissors used for cutting different materials and shapes.

Basic English 850 words
Cutting tools
Indigo is a shade of blue, more specifically, purplish blue or dark blue.  

Isaac Newton named and defined indigo as a spectrum color when he divided up the spectrum into the seven colors of the rainbow.  The spectral range of indigo is between 450 and 420 nanometers.  

The name of the color indigo originally came from the indigo plant. Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth. Indigo dye also is used to dye denim cloth, which is used to make what are called blue jeans (they should really be called indigo jeans). This shade of indigo is called indigo dye.

The indigo plant originally came from the nation of India. The Ancient Greek language word for the dye is indikon. The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo. 

These things are colored indigo:
 some grapes
 night sky in the mid-evening
 blueberries
some small clams
 some eggplants
Jenna Rose's jeans
Meaning of indigo
 Indigo represents religion, spirituality, sorcery and intuition. 

 In the Hindu religion, indigo represents the sixth chakra. 

 Indigo was also the name of a character from the famous toy line, Rainbow Brite.

Comparison of blue, indigo, violet and purple

Tones of indigo color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors
Navy blue
Prussian blue

References
Violet is the seventh color of the rainbow--it is the color on the inner edge of the rainbow. Violet is the color between blue and purple. The name of the color comes from the violet, which is a small flower grown in most parts of the world.

The first written use of violet as a color name in English was in 1370.

Meaning of violet
The color violet represents magic. 
Violet is a color of royalty and extravagance, when paired with yellow, which used to represent abundance and wealth.

Comparison of blue, indigo, violet and purple
Tones of violet color comparison chart
 Lavender Blush (web color) (Hex: #FFF0F5) (RGB: 255, 240, 245)
 Lavender Mist (web color Lavender) (Hex: #E6E6FA) (RGB: 230, 230, 250)
 Languid Lavender (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #D6CADD) (RGB: 214, 202, 221)
 Lavender Blue-Grey (Hex: #BDBBD7) (RGB: 189, 187, 215)
 Lavender Grey (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #C4C3D0) (RGB: 196, 195, 221)
 Pale Lavender (Lavender (ISCC-NBS)) (Hex: #DCD0FF) (RGB: 220, 208, 255)
 Lavender Blue (Periwinkle (www.99colors.net)) (Hex: #CCCCFF) (RGB: 204, 204, 255)
 Pastel Lavender (Mauve (www.99colors.net) (Maerz & Paul)) (Hex: #E0B0FF) (RGB: 224, 176, 255)
 Pale Violet (Pale Blue Purple) (Pale Violet (www.99colors.net) (Maerz & Paul)) (Hex: #CC99FF) (RGB: 204, 153, 255)
 Medium Lavender Grey Lilac (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #C8A2C8) (RGB: 200, 162, 200)
 Light Lavender (Wisteria (Crayola)) (Hex: #C9A0DC (RGB: 201, 160, 220)
 Lavender Pink (Crayola "Lavender") (Hex: #FBAED2) (RGB: 251, 174, 210)
 Lavender Rose (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #FBA0E3) (RGB: 251, 160, 227)
Brilliant Lavender (Electric Lavender) (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #F4BBFF (RGB: 249, 192, 255)
 Lavender Magenta (X11 color "violet") (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #EE82EE) (RGB: 238, 130, 238)
 Vivid Lavender (Psychedelic Lavender) (Heliotrope (www.99colors.net)) (Hex: #DF73FF) (RGB: 223, 115, 255)
 Vivid Orchid (Orchid (Crayola colored pencils) (Hex: #CC00FF) (RGB: 204, 0, 255)
 Light Blue-Violet (Blue-Violet Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #C77DF3) (RGB: 199, 125, 243)
<li style = "background-color: #b96cca;"> Light Seance (Seance Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #B96CCA) (RGB: 185, 108, 202)<li>
 Steel Pink (Crayola Ultra colored pencils) (Hex: #CC33CC) (RGB: 204, 51, 204)
 Fandango Pink (Pantone TPX 17-2033) (Hex: #DE5285) (RGB: 222, 82, 133)
 Violet-Red (Crayola) (Hex: #F75394) (RGB: 247, 83, 148)
 Heather Violet (RAL 4003) (Hex: #DE4C8A) (RGB: 222, 76, 138)
 Bright Red-Violet (Xona.com "Violet-Red") (Hex: #D02090) (RGB: 208, 32, 144)
Red-Violet (web color Medium Violet-Red) (Hex: #C71585) (RGB: 199, 21, 133)
 Medium Red-Violet (Red-Violet (Crayola)) (Hex: #BB3385) (RGB: 187, 51, 133)
 Rose Violet (Pantone TPX 17-2624) (Hex: #C24C92) (RGB: 194, 76, 146)
 Medium Lavender Pink (Sky Magenta) (Venus colored pencils) (Hex: #CF71AF) (RGB: 207, 113, 175) 
<li style = "background-color: #caabd0;"> Light Medium Violet (Violet Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #CAABD0) (RGB: 202, 171, 208)<li>
 Violet Tulle (Pantone TPX 16-3416) (Hex: #C693C7) (RGB: 198, 147, 199)
 African Violet (Pantone TPX 16-3520) (Hex: #B284BE) (RGB: 178, 132, 190)
 Dull Deep Lavender (Wikipedia Link Lavender) (Hex: #9C87CD) (RGB: 158, 137, 193)
 Light Studio (Studio Light (Xona.com color list)) Hex: #B89BDD) (RGB: 184, 155, 221)
 Medium Bright Lavender (Bright Ube (www.99colors.net)) (Hex: #D19FE8) (RGB: 209, 159, 232)
 Bright Lavender (Light Floral Lavender) (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #BF94E4) (RGB: 191, 148, 228)
 Light Violet (Hex: #B09DB9) (RGB: 176, 157, 185)
Lavender (Floral Lavender) (www.99colors.net) (Maerz & Paul) (Hex: #B57EDC) (RGB: 181, 126, 220)
 Rich Lavender (Deep Floral Lavender) (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #A76BCF) (RGB: 170, 97, 204)
<li style = "background-color: #9955BB;"> Deep Rich Lavender (Deep Lilac (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #9955BB) (RGB: 153, 85, 187)<li>
 Medium Deep Lavender (Amethyst (www.99colors.net)) (Hex: #9966CC) (RGB: 153, 102, 204)
 Deep Rich Lavender Grey (Purple Yam) (Ube (www.99colors.net)) (Hex: #8878C3) (RGB: 136, 120, 195)
 Deep Lavender (Medium Purple (web color)) (Hex: #9370DB) (RGB: 147, 112, 219)
 Lavender Indigo (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #9457EB) (RGB: 148, 87, 235)
 Near Violet (Color Wheel Violet) (Hex: #7F00FF) (RGB: 127, 0, 255)
 Violet (Middle Violet) (Electric Violet) (Blue Purple) (Hex: #8F00FF) (RGB: 143, 0, 255)
 Extreme Violet (Vivid Violet) (Hex: #9F00FF) (RGB: 159, 0, 255)
<li style = "background-color: #9932cc; color: #ffffff"> Dark Orchid (web color) (Hex: #9932CC) (RGB: 153, 50, 204)<li>
Pigment Violet (web color Dark Violet) (Hex: #9400D3) (RGB: 148, 0, 211)
<li style = "background-color: #8806ce; color: #ffffff"> French Violet (Violet (pourpre.com) (Hex: #8806CE) (RGB: 136, 6, 206)<li>
 Deep Indigo (web color Blue-Violet) (Hex: #8A2BE2) (RGB: 138, 43, 226)
<li style = "background-color: #7d26cd; color: #ffffff"> Internet Purple (color of "all purple website" www.purple.com) (Hex: #7D26CD) (RGB: 125, 38, 205)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #7b4bab; color: #ffffff"> Light Violent Violet (Violent Violet Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #7B4BAB) (RGB: 123, 75, 171)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #7058a3; color: #ffffff"> Light Japanese Violet (Violet (contemporary Japanese traditional colors)) (Hex: #7058A3) (RGB: 112, 88, 163)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #5d5387; color: #ffffff"> Sultan Blue (Nippon Paint) (Hex: #5d5387) (RGB: 93, 83, 135)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #6b3Fa0; color: #ffffff"> Royal Purple (Crayola) (Hex: #6B3FA0) (RGB: 107, 63, 160)<li>