Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Book of Ezra is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh. It details the return of the Jewish people from their exile in Babylon in the second half of the sixth century BC and the struggles they had. These include having to rebuild their previously destroyed temple and people failing to obey Jewish religious commandments.

Ezra and Nehemiah 

The words that start Nehemiah 1:1, "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah", shows that Ezra and Nehemiah were at first two different works. However, they were put together as one in the earliest Hebrew manuscripts. Josephus and the Jewish Talmud talk about the book of Ezra but not a different book of Nehemiah. The oldest manuscripts of the Septuagint also treat Ezra and Nehemiah as one book.
Origen (A.D. 185–253) is the first writer to treat the books as different works. He called them I Ezra and II Ezra. In translating the Latin Vulgate, Jerome called Nehemiah the second book of Esdrae (Ezra). The English translations by Wycliffe (1382) and Coverdale (1535) also called Ezra "I Esdras" and Nehemiah "II Esdras". The same separation first came out in a Hebrew manuscript in 1448.

References 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
4th-century BC books
Aberdeen railway station is a railway station in Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. It first opened in 1867.

Rail services

References

Aberdeen
Railway stations in Scotland
1867 establishments in the United Kingdom
19th-century establishments in Scotland
Aberdeen railway station can mean one of the railway stations in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland — only the one now named simply Aberdeen railway station is still in existence:

Those which have Aberdeen in the station name 
 Aberdeen Guild Street railway station on the Aberdeen Railway (closed)
 Aberdeen Joint railway station on Denburn Valley Line connecting the Great North of Scotland Railway and Aberdeen Railway; the present station, now referred to simply as Aberdeen railway station
 Aberdeen Waterloo railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (now a freight terminal only)
Those which don't have Aberdeen in the station name 
 Don Street railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (closed)
 Holburn Street railway station on the Deeside Railway (closed)
 Hutcheon Street railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)
 Kittybrewster railway stations (three stations have existed in the Kittybrewster area) on the Denburn Valley Line and the Great North of Scotland Railway (all closed)
 Schoolhill railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)

Railway stations in Scotland
Aberdeen
Thomas Lauren Friedman (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist.

Friedman is known for supporting a compromise resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, modernization of the Arab world, environmentalism and globalization.  Although an early supporter of the invasion of Iraq, he later became an outspoken critic of the war and the Bush administration.

1953 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American columnists
Journalists from Minnesota
Mark Bosnich is a football player. He plays for Central Coast Mariners.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989||Sydney Croatia||National Soccer League||5||0

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|First Division||1||0
|-
|1990/91||2||0
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="8"|Aston Villa||First Division||1||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Premier League||17||0
|-
|1993/94||28||0
|-
|1994/95||30||0
|-
|1995/96||38||0
|-
|1996/97||20||0
|-
|1997/98||30||0
|-
|1998/99||15||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||23||0
|-
|2000/01||0||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Chelsea||rowspan="3"|Premier League||0||0
|-
|2001/02||5||0
|-
|2002/03||0||0

|-
|2008/09||Central Coast Mariners||A-League||||
210||0
5||0
215||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||3||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||11||1
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
!Total||17||1
|}

References
References

1972 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Australian association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Sydney
Dario Gradi is a football manager. He manages Crewe Alexandra.

References

1941 births
Living people
Italian football managers
Footballers from Milan
Rio Gavin Ferdinand  (born 7 November 1978) is a retired English football player. He is now a pundit for BT Sport. 

On 8 November 2022, he was given a Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his service of sport and charities.

Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|West Ham United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1996/97||15||2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|1996/97||Bournemouth||Second Division||10||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|West Ham United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||35||0||6||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||46||0
|-
|1998/99||31||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1999/00||33||0||0||0||4||0||10||0||47||0
|-
|2000/01||12||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||23||2||1||0||2||0||7||0||33||2
|-
|2001/02||31||0||1||0||1||0||7||0||40||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Manchester United||rowspan="8"|Premier League||28||0||3||0||4||0||11||0||46||0
|-
|2003/04||20||0||0||0||0||0||6||0||26||0
|-
|2004/05||31||0||5||0||1||0||5||0||42||0
|-
|2005/06||37||3||2||0||5||0||8||0||52||3
|-
|2006/07||33||1||7||0||0||0||9||0||49||1
|-
|2007/08||35||2||4||0||0||0||11||1||50||3
|-
|2008/09||24||0||3||0||1||0||11||0||39||0
|-
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
399||10||34||0||24||0||85||1||542||11
399||10||34||0||24||0||85||1||542||11
|}
International career statistics 

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||4||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||9||1
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||12||0
|-
|2007||8||1
|-
|2008||8||1
|-
|2009||4||0
|-
!Total||76||3
|}

References 

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from London
Manchester United F.C. players
Premier League players
People from Peckham
Jack Charlton (8 May 1935 – 10 July 2020) was an English former footballer and manager. He played for England national team.

His younger brother was Bobby Charlton.

He died on 10 July 2020 in Northumberland at the age of 85. He had dementia and lymphoma.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1952-53||rowspan="21"|Leeds United||rowspan="4"|Second Division||1||0
|-
|1953-54||0||0
|-
|1954-55||1||0
|-
|1955-56||34||0
|-
|1956-57||rowspan="4"|First Division||21||0
|-
|1957-58||40||0
|-
|1958-59||39||1
|-
|1959-60||41||3
|-
|1960-61||rowspan="4"|Second Division||41||7
|-
|1961-62||34||9
|-
|1962-63||38||2
|-
|1963-64||25||3
|-
|1964-65||rowspan="9"|First Division||39||9
|-
|1965-66||40||6
|-
|1966-67||28||5
|-
|1967-68||34||5
|-
|1968-69||41||3
|-
|1969-70||32||3
|-
|1970-71||41||6
|-
|1971-72||41||5
|-
|1972-73||18||3
629||70
629||70
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1965||9||0
|-
|1966||16||3
|-
|1967||2||1
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||5||2
|-
|1970||2||0
|-
!Total||35||6
|}

References
References 

1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Deaths from lymphoma
English football managers
English footballers
Sportspeople from Northumberland
England at the 1966 FIFA World Cup
England at UEFA Euro 1968
England at the 1970 FIFA World Cup
Republic of Ireland at UEFA Euro 1988
Republic of Ireland at the 1990 FIFA World Cup
Republic of Ireland at the 1994 FIFA World Cup
Billy Wright was a football player. He has played for Wolverhampton Wanderers and England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1939-40||rowspan="14"|Wolverhampton Wanderers||rowspan="14"|First Division||0||0
|-
|1946-47||34||1
|-
|1947-48||39||5
|-
|1948-49||35||2
|-
|1949-50||35||3
|-
|1950-51||38||0
|-
|1951-52||39||0
|-
|1952-53||38||1
|-
|1953-54||39||0
|-
|1954-55||39||1
|-
|1955-56||37||0
|-
|1956-57||40||0
|-
|1957-58||38||0
|-
|1958-59||39||0
490||13
490||13
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1946||4||0
|-
|1947||8||0
|-
|1948||7||0
|-
|1949||7||2
|-
|1950||7||1
|-
|1951||6||0
|-
|1952||7||0
|-
|1953||9||0
|-
|1954||9||0
|-
|1955||8||0
|-
|1956||9||0
|-
|1957||7||0
|-
|1958||11||0
|-
|1959||6||0
|-
!Total||105||3
|}

References

1924 births
1994 deaths
1950 FIFA World Cup players
1954 FIFA World Cup players
1958 FIFA World Cup players
Cancer deaths in London
Deaths from stomach cancer
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Shropshire
Mick McCarthy (born 7 February 1959) is a former Irish football player. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team. He currently manages Ipswich Town Football Club, having brought them out of relegation in his first season there in 2012.

Club career statistics

|-
|1977/78||rowspan="7"|Barnsley||rowspan="2"|Fourth Division||46||1
|-
|1978/79||46||2
|-
|1979/80||rowspan="2"|Third Division||44||1
|-
|1980/81||43||1
|-
|1981/82||rowspan="3"|Second Division||42||1
|-
|1982/83||39||1
|-
|1983/84||12||0
|-
|1983/84||rowspan="4"|Manchester City||rowspan="2"|Second Division||24||1
|-
|1984/85||39||0
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="2"|First Division||38||0
|-
|1986/87||39||1

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Celtic||rowspan="2"|Premier Division||22||3
|-
|1988/89||26||5

|-
|1989/90||Olympique Lyonnais||Division 1||10||1

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Millwall||First Division||6||0
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Second Division||12||0
|-
|1991/92||17||2
447||11
48||8
10||1
505||20
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1984||4||0
|-
|1985||7||0
|-
|1986||6||0
|-
|1987||7||0
|-
|1988||9||1
|-
|1989||5||0
|-
|1990||12||0
|-
|1991||3||0
|-
|1992||4||1
|-
!Total||57||2
|}

References

1959 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Irish football managers
People from South Yorkshire
Ali Daei (born 21 March 1969) is a former Iranian football player. He has played for Iran national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Persepolis||rowspan="2"|Azadegan League||25||15
|-
|1995/96||13||8

|-
|1996/97||Al-Sadd||Stars League||16||10

|-
|1997/98||Arminia Bielefeld||Bundesliga||25||7
|-
|1998/99||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||23||6
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||28||3
|-
|2000/01||23||3
|-
|2001/02||8||0

|-
|2002/03||Al-Shabab Dubai||UAE League||25||11

|-
|2003/04||Persepolis||Pro League||28||16
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Saba Battery||rowspan="2"|Pro League||25||12
|-
|2005/06||26||11
|-
|2006/07||Saipa||Persian Gulf Cup||26||10
143||72
16||10
107||19
25||11
291||112
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1993||16||7
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||18||22
|-
|1997||17||9
|-
|1998||13||9
|-
|1999||5||2
|-
|2000||19||20
|-
|2001||16||10
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
|2003||9||5
|-
|2004||16||17
|-
|2005||9||4
|-
|2006||6||2
|-
!Total||149||109
|}
References 

1969 births
Living people
Iranian footballers
Iranian football managers
Carsten Ramelow (born 20 March, 1974) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

Club career statistics
|-
|1991-92||rowspan="5"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="5"|2. Bundesliga||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1992-93||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|-
|1993-94||27||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||2
|-
|1994-95||31||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|-
|1995-96||17||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1995-96||rowspan="13"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="13"|Bundesliga||15||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|1996-97||32||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||2
|-
|1997-98||33||2||colspan="2"|-||9||1||42||3
|-
|1998-99||27||4||6||0||4||0||37||4
|-
|1999-00||26||0||3||0||6||0||35||0
|-
|2000-01||32||2||8||0||6||1||46||3
|-
|2001-02||32||2||8||0||14||2||54||4
|-
|2002-03||32||1||colspan="2"|-||9||0||41||1
|-
|2003-04||31||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|-
|2004-05||31||1||colspan="2"|-||10||0||41||1
|-
|2005-06||25||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|-
|2006-07||13||2||colspan="2"|-||6||2||18||4
|-
|2007-08||4||1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||5||2
413||28||25||0||65||6||503||33
413||28||25||0||65||6||503||33
|}
International career statistics

|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||12||0
|-
|2003||10||2
|-
|2004||2||1
|-
!Total||46||3
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Berlin
Geysir (sometimes known as The Great Geysir) is a geyser in Iceland. It is in the Haukadalur valley, Iceland. It is the oldest known geyser and one of the world's most impressive ones. The English word geyser comes from Geysir. Geysir is on the slopes of Laugarfjall hill at . The Strokkur geyser is about 400 metres south of Geysir.

Eruptions at Geysir can send boiling water up to 60 metres in the air. However, eruptions may be infrequent. In the past, they have in the past stopped altogether for years at a time.
Geysers

Geography of Iceland
Lens is a city in the Pas-de-Calais department of France. Today, about 36.000 people live there. The city has an important history of mining. There is also the Racing Club de Lens, a well-known French soccer team. Paris is 200 km to the south,  Lille is 40 km to the north, Douai is 15 km to the east, and Arras is 20 km to the south.

The city is very old, though no one knows exactly how old. Ruins of Ancient Roman settlements have been found.

Cities in France
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Subprefectures in France
A music recording sales certification is the award system that a country uses for music sales.

Almost all countries have a type of sales certification, often using RIAA certification categories (such as gold, platinum and diamond). The number of sales that an album needs before it gets an award is different in each country, depending on the population of the country. In some sales certifications, there may be different awards for the type of music recording sold, such as albums, singles, or videos.

 United States

United Kingdom

References

Music industry
The global music industry typically awards recordings with certification awards based on the total units sold. These awards and their sales requirements are defined by the various certifying bodies representing the music industry in various countries and territories worldwide. The standard certification awards given consist of various combinations of Silver, Gold, Platinum, and Diamond awards, in ascending order of sales requirements.  In most cases, a "Multi-Platinum" or "Multi-Diamond" award is given for sales in multiples of the Platinum or Diamond sales requirements.

Albums
"—" denotes that an award is not given by the certifying body.
 I Egyptian, Lebanese, and Gulf State domestic figures refer to sales of domestic releases throughout the greater Arab world.
 II Hungarian sales figures provided refer to "Pop" albums. A separate scale is used for jazz, spoken word, classical, and world music albums: sales exceeding 1,500 and 3,000 for Gold and Platinum awards respectively.
 III Indian figures provided refer to "National Basic" and "International" scales.  However, there are six separate release scales in all.  Each scale is provided here with Gold and Platinum sales thresholds in parenthesis: "Hindi Films" (100,000, 200,000); "Regional Films" (50,000, 100,000); "Regional Basic" (25,000, 50,000); "National Basic" (50,000, 100,000); "Classical/Non-Classical" (15,000, 30,000); and "International" (5,000, 7,500).
IV Mexican sales figures provided refer to physical album sales.  A separate scale is used for digital album sales via digital download: sales exceeding 5,000, 10,000, and 250,000 for Gold, Platinum, and Diamond awards respectively. Gold and platinum album certifications for productions before 2007 differ; 50,000 and 100,000, respectively.
 V Dutch sales figures provided refer to "Popular" albums.  A separate scale is used for jazz, classical, and world music albums: sales exceeding 10,000 and 20,000 for Gold and Platinum awards respectively.
 VI Polish sales figures provided refer to "Pop" albums.  Separate scales are used for jazz/classical albums, and soundtracks.  Each scale is provided here with Gold, Platinum, and Diamond sales thresholds in parenthesis: "Jazz/Classical" (5,000, 10,000, 50,000); and "Soundtracks" (10,000, 20,000, 100,000).
VII Swedish sales figures provided refer to "Pop" albums.  A separate scale is used for jazz, classical, and folk music albums: sales exceeding 10,000 and 20,000 for Gold and Platinum awards respectively.
 VIII South African sales figures provided refer to albums released after August 1, 2006.  For albums released before August 1, 2006, a Gold award is given for sales exceeding 25,000, a Platinum award for sales exceeding 50,000.
Singles

"—" denotes that an award is not given by the certifying body.
 IX German, Norwegian, Swedish, and British figures can include sales from legal digital downloads.

Digital download singles

"—" denotes that an award is not given by the certifying body.
 X Japanese awards refer to online singles and mobile singles.
 XI Japanese digital download sales exceeding 1 million are given the "1 million" award, not "Diamond".

Music videos

"—" denotes that an award is not given by the certifying body.
 XII Polish sales figures provided refer to "Pop" music videos.  A separate scale is used for jazz/classical music videos: sales exceeding 2,500, 5,000, and 25,000 for Gold, Platinum, and Diamond awards respectively.
 XIII American sales figures provided refer to "Video singles".  A separate scale is used for "Long form videos" and "Multi-Box Music Video Sets": sales exceeding 50,000 and 100,000 for Gold and Platinum awards respectively.

Video/DVD
Video/DVD

"—" denotes that an award is not given by the certifying body.
 XIV Danish DVD sales figures provided refer to Music/Single DVDs.  Other "Entertainment DVDs" are on a differing scale: sales exceeding 20,000 and 40,000 for Gold and Platinum awards respectively.
 XV Hungarian DVD sales figures provided refer to "Pop" DVDs.  A separate scale is used for jazz, spoken word, classical, and world music DVDs: sales exceeding 1,000 and 2,000 for Gold and Platinum awards respectively.

Master ring tones

"—" denotes that an award is not given by the certifying body.
 XVI Japanese master ring tone sales exceeding 500,000, 750,000, and 1 million are given the "Double Platinum", "Triple Platinum", and "1 million" awards respectively, not "Gold", "Platinum", or "Diamond".

Related pages
 RIAA certification

References

General
 
  (Current as of 2008)
  (Current as of October 2007)
Specific

Other websites 
 IFPI Official website

List of music recording sales certifications
Music-related lists
Music Canada (formerly The Canadian Recording Industry Association) is a non-profit trade organization that was founded in 1964 to represent the interests of Canadian companies that create, manufacture and market sound recordings in Canada. The organization is based in Toronto.

CRIA is governed by a board of directors who are elected annually by CRIA members.  To be eligible for election a candidate for the board must be among the chief executive officers of member companies of the organization.  Graham Henderson (Universal Music Canada) is the current president of the CRIA.

Album certifications
The CRIA certifications for albums are:
40,000 units: Gold
80,000 units: Platinum
1,000,000 units: Diamond 

Note: Multi-Platinum refers to how many times the album has reached 100,000 units sold.
Other websites
 Canadian Recording Industry Association Website 
 London Free Press article on the decision
 Full text of the decision (PDF) 
 CBC: CRIA wants tougher internet piracy law in Canada
 CRIA Falling Apart 
 Demonoid

References

Music industry organizations
Non-profit organizations of Canada
Organizations based in Toronto‎
The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) is the British record industry's trade association. Its membership comprises hundreds of music companies including all four 'major' record companies (Warner Music Group, EMI, Sony BMG, and Universal Music Group), associate members such as manufacturers and distributors, and hundreds of independent music companies representing literally thousands of labels.
It has represented the interests of British record companies since being formally incorporated in 1973 when the principal aim was to fight copyright infringement.

It founded the annual BRIT Awards for the British music industry, as well as the Mercury Prize for the Album of the Year.
Sales certificates
The British Phonographic Industry awards certificates for music releases in Britain. The level of the award varies depending on the format of the release and the number sold. BPI certificates are not automatic; the record company must pay a fee to the BPI and they carry out an audit into the release in question. Certificates are usually awarded on the basis of the number of units the release has shipped, rather than the number it has sold.

Other websites
 British Phonographic Industry, The
 BPI Radar 

Music industry organizations
1973 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in the United Kingdom
Thomas Edison made early phonographs in the 1870s. He originally used tin foil to record the sound.  Soon wax cylinders were used in place of the tin foil. The cylinders could be taken off the machine and put back on without destroying the recording. Although discs were made as early as 1888, it was not until 1902 that discs became more popular than cylinder records. Discs were first made of a shellac mixture, and later of polyvinyl chloride, often abbreviated as "vinyl". Singles usually carried only one or two songs or recordings. EPs (extended play records) carried from three to five songs. Albums carried many more recordings; a dozen was normal, or from 30 to 45 minutes of playing time. These formats are still used today, with digital recordings, and playing time for singles and albums has grown considerably.
Vinyl records lost popularity but never went out of production. Now, in recent years vinyl is gaining popularity, while CD record shops have gone out of business, more and more vinyl only record shops are opening. CD and other digital formats have a much higher objective sound quality (closeness to the original) than vinyl, being identical to the original within the limits of human hearing, but many argue the higher subjective (heard by the ear) sound quality of vinyl compared to newer formats. This higher subjective quality comes from changes to the sound caused by the record cutting and pressing process. This sound is very subjective, and not everyone prefers the sound of vinyl over CD.

References

Audio disc
Storage devices
Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks (originally called Mainstream Rock Tracks) is a ranking in Billboard of the most-played songs on mainstream rock radio stations, a category that includes stations that play primarily rock music but are not modern rock (that is, "alternative") stations, which are counted in the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart.

Billboard charts
The 1959–60 NHL season was the 43rd season of the National Hockey League. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to none for their fifth straight Stanley Cup.

Regular season

Final standings

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average

Stanley Cup playoffs 
All dates in 1960

Playoff bracket

Semifinals 
Chicago Black Hawks vs. Montreal Canadiens

Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 0

Detroit Red Wings vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 2

Finals 
Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Montreal Canadiens

Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 0

Playoff leading scorers
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

NHL awards

All-Star teams

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1959 in North America
1960 in North America
Sabelianism is a position in Christian theology. It is against the idea of the trinity. Sabellianism is also known as modalism, modalistic monarchianism, or modal monarchism. Basically, the teaching says that God has three masks, and humans see him in three different ways, but he is in fact only one.

Those in favor
Historic Sabellianism taught that God the Father was the only person of the Godhead, a belief known as Monarchianism.  One author has described Sabellius' teaching: The true question, therefore, turns on this, viz., what is it which constitutes what we name ‘person’ in the Godhead? Is it original, substantial, essential to divinity itself? Or does it belong to and arise from the exhibitions and developments which the divine Being has made of  himself to his creatures? The former Sabellius denied; the latter he fully admitted.
Modalists say that the only number given to God in the Holy Bible is One. Christian texts do not explicitley talk about God being three. The number three is never mentioned in texts talking about God. The number three is the number that is central to the word "Trinity". There is one text known as Comma Johanneum which may be an exception to this. The comma Johanneum is a disputed text passage in First John. The text is mainly known from the King James Version of the Bible and some versions of the Textus Receptus. It is usually not included in modern critical texts.  Modalism has been mainly associated with Sabellius, who taught a form of it in Rome in the third century. 

Hippolytus of Rome knew Sabellius personally and mentioned him in the Philosophumena. He knew Sabellius disliked Trinitarian theology, but he said Modal Monarchism  was the heresy of Noetos, not that of Sabellius.
Christians in Cyrenaica liked Sabellianism, and converted to it. Demetrius, Patriarch of Alexandria, wrote many letters to them arguing against this belief.

Critics
The primary critic was Tertullian, who said that they crucified the Father. 

It is important to note that our only sources available for our understanding of Sabellianism are from people who opposed it. Scholars today do not agree what exactly Sabellius or Praxeus taught. It is easy to think Tertullian and Hippolytus misrepresented the opinions of their opponents.

Tertullian seems to suggest that the majority of believers at that time favoured the Sabellian view of the oneness of God.  Epiphanius (Haeres 62) about 375 AD notes that Sabellius still had many followers, both in Mesopotamia and at Rome.  The second general council at Constantinople in 533 AD declared the baptism of Sabellius to be invalid, which indicates that Sabellianism was still around.
Its position today
Sabellianism has been rejected by the majority of Christian churches in favour of Trinitarianism. This was done through the Athanasian Creed, which says that God is three distinct persons. Each one of the three is equal to the others, and eternal in the same way than the other two.

Michael Servetus and Emanuel Swedenborg were scientists of the 16th and 17th century. Some of the tests thy have written seem to suggest that they were in favor of Modalism. Neither of the two describes God as appearing in three modes. Both describe him as the One Divine Person, Jesus Christ, who has a Divine Soul of Love, Divine Mind of Truth, and Divine Body of Activity. Jesus merged his human form with the divine. By doing this, he  became entirely One with His Divine Soul from the Father in such a way that the persons could no longer be kept apart.
Oneness Pentecostalism teaches that the Father (a spirit) is united with Jesus (a man) as the Son of God. However, Oneness Pentecostalism is very different from Sabellianism, because it rejects sequential modalism. They teach that God was fully God and fully man.   

Oneness Pentecostalism and Sabellianism can be compared to each other, because they are both Notrinitarian. There may be several differences between both positions though.

What did it really teach?
It is difficult to find out what Sabellianism really taught, because all that is left today are the texts of those who were against it. All of his original works were burned. The following excerpts which demonstrate some of the known doctrinal characteristics of ancient Sabellians may be seen to compare with the doctrines in the modern Oneness movement:

Sabellianism was doctrine taught by a sect of the Montanists.
Cyprian wrote of them "How, when God the Father is not known--nay, is even blasphemed--can they who among the heretics are said to be baptized in the name of Christ only, be judged to have obtained the remission of sins?" (Cyprian, c. 250, W, 5.383,484)

In 225 AD Hippolytus spoke of them saying "Some of them assent to the heresy of the Noetians, affirming the Father Himself is the Son."

Victorinus had this to say of them "Some had doubts about the baptism of those who appeared to recognize the same Father with the Son with us, yet who received the new prophets." 

Saballianism was also referred to by the following Church fathers:

Dionysius (c.200-265 AD) wrote "Those baptized in the name of three persons...though baptized by heretics..shall not be rebaptized. But those converted from other heresies shall be perfected by the baptism of the Holy Church." (St. Dionysius, Letters and Treatises,p.54).
"Sabellius...blasphemes in saying that the Son Himself is the Father and vice versa." (Dionysius of Rome, c.264,W, 6.365)

"Jesus commands them to baptize into the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit--not into a unipersonal God." (Tertullian, C. 213,W,3.623)
 
Sabellianism teaching of Modalism and singular name baptism was also accompanied by glossolalia and prophecy among the abovementioned sect of Montanists. 

In 225 AD Tertullian speaks of "those who would deserve the excellent gifts of the spirit--and who...by means of the Holy Spirit would obtain the gift of language, wisdom, and knowledge."

It is reported that Sabellians experienced glossolalia and baptized in the "shorter formula" because of their denial of the Trinity. (J.H. Blunt, p.332,Heik,p 150, kelsey, pp. 40,41).

References

Christian theology
Tritheism is the belief that there are three distinct, powerful gods, who form a triad. Generally three gods are believed to have separate powers and separate supreme beings or spheres of influence but working together. In this respect tritheism differs from dualism, which typically envisages two opposed Divine powers in conflict with one another.

Ironically, there is no group that claims to believe in or teach tritheism; the term is solely used as an accusation against others, somewhat similar to the usage of the word cult, in accusing a group of holding an alternate or distorted view of the Christian doctrine of Trinity. The main branches consider tritheism heretical.

References

Theology
The Book of Jeremiah, or Jeremiah (, Yirməyāhū), is part of the Hebrew Bible, Judaism's Tanakh, and later became a part of Christianity's Old Testament.

 Jeremiah Chapter 1, verses 1 to 3 says that the book is "the words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah". Jeremiah is seen clearly as a real person, talking to his scribe Baruch about his role as a servant of God who had bad news for the people. His book is a message to the Jews in exile in Babylon, saying that the disaster of exile is God's response to Israel's pagan worship.  The people, says Jeremiah, are like an untrue wife and children who act badly.  This made God punish them, but He will also welcome them back if they change their ways.
Jeremiah began began his work in the thirteenth year of king Josiah (about 627 BC) and finished in the eleventh year of king Zedekiah (586 BC), when Jerusalem went into exile. During this period, Josiah reformed their religion, Babylon destroyed Assyria and Egypt briefly made Judah their subject. Then Babylon defeated Egypt and made Judah their subject (605 BC). Judah revolted several times and after the final time, Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and its Temple and took away its king and many of the leading people in 586 BC.

Besides his written warnings, Jeremiah did some strange things to call attention to his message:
Jeremiah 13:1–11: He wore a linen waistband, buried it and later got it again.
    Jeremiah 16:1–9: He didn't get married or go to funerals or happy events. 
    Jeremiah 19:1–13: He bought a clay jug and then broke it in front of the religious leaders of Jerusalem.
    Jeremiah 27–28: He wore an ox yoke which was later broken.
    Jeremiah 32:6–15: He bought a field for seventeen silver coins.
    Jeremiah 35:1–19: He gave wine to the Rechabites, a tribe who lived in tents and didn't drink wine.

Jeremiah's name is found in the Chronicles and the Book of Ezra, both written after the exile. He said that the exile would last 70 years. This was mentioned in the Book of Daniel.  

Christians believe that Jesus was a suffering prophet and that this was like what happened to Jeremiah in chapters 37–44, as well as to the suffering servant described in the book of Isaiah Chapter 53. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
6th-century BC books
The Book of Lamentations (Eikha, ʾēḫā(h)) is a book of the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh. It is traditionally read by the Jewish people on Tisha B'Av, the fast day that commemorates the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.

 In Western Christianity, readings and songs from the book are used in the Lenten religious service known as Tenebrae (Latin for darkness). In the Church of England, readings are used at Morning and Evening Prayer on the Monday and Tuesday of Holy Week, and at Evening Prayer on Good Friday.

In the Coptic Orthodox Church, the book's third chapter is chanted on the twelfth hour of the Good Friday service, that commemorates the burial of Jesus.

The book has been thought to be the work of Jeremiah by Jews from 200 B.C. and by Christians from 400 A.D.  The book itself does not tell who wrote it, so the author is uncertain.  It is a series of sad poems about the destruction of Jerusalem.
Beginning with the reality of disaster, Lamentations ends with the thought that God may have finally rejected Israel (chapter 5:22). The poet says that this suffering is a just punishment, still God is held to have had choice over whether to act in this way and at this time. Hope arises from remembering God's past goodness. The poem says that the mercies of Yahweh (the God of Israel) never end, but are new every morning (3:22–33).

The book was written in Hebrew.  That language has 22 letters in its alphabet. Each of the verses in chapters 1, 2 and 4 start with the next letter of the alphabet.  In Chapter 3 groups of 3 verses also start with the same letters.  That is why chapters 1,2 and 4 have 22 verses and chapter 3 has 66 verses.  Chapter 5 also has 22 verses, but does not follow the method of using a different letter for each verse. This type of structure is called an acrostic and may have been used as an aid to memory. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
6th-century BC books
The Book of Ezekiel, Hebrew: ספר יחזקאל , is a book of the Hebrew Bible and of the Old Testament. It is named after the prophet Ezekiel.

 It belongs to the Nevi'im (Prophets) and consists of 48 chapters.

The book begins with a vision of beings with 4 heads surrounded by rings adorned with eyes. Then, God appears to Ezekiel and instructed him to warn the Israelites who at the time, were religiously rebellious.  Another well known dream that the prophet saw was a valley full of dry bones that came to life when the prophet spoke to them. This was to show that God would bring life back to the people who were being punished by being taken captive by Babylon These two stories have been made into songs.

The prophet did some strange things to warn the people that they were going to be punished for a time because they had not been faithful to God as he had told them to.
It deals among others with the revival of the Jewish people and the Land of Israel (chapters 36-37), with the war of Gog and Magog against Israel (chapters 38-39), the new Jewish temple (chapters 40-47), and the determination of the boundaries of the land and also the division of the land among the tribes of Israel (chapters 47-48).

References 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
Book of Ezekiel
6th-century BC books
The Book of Daniel (דניאל), originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a book in both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the Christian Old Testament.

Writer 

The book says that Daniel is its writer in several places, such as 9:2 and 10:2. Jesus warned his disciples about coming events when he talked about " 'the abomination that causes desolation', spoken of through the prophet Daniel". The book was probably completed shortly after Cyrus captured Babylon in 539.

Contents
Contents

The Book of Daniel has two main parts.  Chapters 1-6 tell stories about Daniel and his three friends who were taken from the land of Israel to Babylon.  They were told to stop worshiping their God and instead follow the gods of Babylon or the king.  When they would not obey, God saved them by doing miracles. The two most well known of these stories are when three of Daniel's friends are put in a hot furnace, but are unharmed when a forth man appears to help them. Another story is about Daniel being put into a den of lions because he would not stop praying to his God, but the hungry lions did not eat him.  Daniel said that God had "shut the mouth of the lions".
We get the English saying, "He saw the handwriting on the wall" from another story in Chapter 5 where the king was having a party and a hand appeared and wrote some strange words on the wall.  Daniel was able to tell the king that this meant that he was about to be killed and another king would take his place. We use this phrase "handwriting on the wall" to mean that someone sees that something bad is about to happen or something good is about to end.

The second part of the Book of Daniel (Chapters 7-12) tell about dreams and visions that Daniel had that told about world history and also about things that would happen in the future.  The main point of these visions was that God would win out over all of the kingdoms of the world. Many things that Daniel saw are later mentioned in the New Testament book of Revelation.
In Chapter 9 Daniel tells of 70 weeks that were about the future. Bible scholars believe that each week represents 7 years and so it refers to 490 years, (70 times 7 years).  Daniel says that after that time Messiah would be "cut off". Christians think this may refer to the time Jesus was killed. Understanding the detailed meaning of the 70 weeks prophesy has puzzled many Bible scholars and there are many opinions.

References 

Daniel
Daniel
Eschatology
Christian eschatology
2nd-century BC books
The Book of Amos is one of the books of the Nevi'im (Hebrew: "prophets") and of the Christian Old Testament. Amos is one of the minor prophets.

Amos lived during the time of two other prophets,Hosea and Isaiah, around 750 BC while Jeroboam was king of Israel and Uzziah was king of Judah. Amos lived in the kingdom of Judah but preached in the northern Kingdom of Israel. He wrote about social justice, God's power, judgement and eventual restoration. The message is harsh, but Amos wrote some of the most poetic parts of the Bible.

The book has 9 chapters. In the first chapter Amos says that God will punish many of the nations around Israel. Then in the second chapter he uses similar words to say the Judah and Israel will also be punished. The rest of the book tells the reasons for that punishment before ending with a promise that Israel would then be restored.
There are some well known verses in the book of Amos that religious leaders and people who work for justice have used in speeches about modern problems such as racism.

Chapter 5 verse 24, "But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream." This verse was often quoted by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr..

Chapter 6 verse 1, "Woe to you who are at ease in Zion,(Jerusalem)." This is a warning to those who think they are safe from God's judgement because things are going well at the present. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
8th-century BC books
Washington Mutual (abbreviated to WaMu) () was the United States' largest savings and loan association. Despite its name, it ceased being a mutual company in 1983 when it began to be publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

On September 25, 2008, the 119th anniversary of WaMu's founding, the United States Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) announced that it was seizing the bank and would sell most of its functional assets to JPMorgan Chase. WaMu's collapse is the largest U.S. bank failure in history.  At the time of the collapse, it was the sixth-largest bank in the United States. According to Washington Mutual's 2007 SEC filing, it held assets valued at $327.9/Billion Dollars.

References

1889 establishments in the United States
2008 disestablishments in the United States
Banks of the United States
Companies based in Seattle
Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy) is an English-language human anatomy textbook. It was first called Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical in the United Kingdom in 1858, and in the United States in 1859. It was written for medical students by Henry Grey and illustrated by  Henry Vandyke Carter in 1855 and published in 1858.

Relating page 
Gray's Anatomy for Students

Other websites 

 Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery, 39th edition (2004), 1600 pages, Churchill-Livingstone,  – the U.K version.
 Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 39th edition (2004), 1627 pages, C.V. Mosby,  – the U.S. version.
 Online version of Gray's Anatomy from Yahoo 

Reference works
Anatomy
1858 books
Gray's Anatomy for Students is an anatomy textbook following the same idea as the famous Gray's Anatomy for medical students. The book is famous for its detailed drawings and style.

The first edition was published in 2004.

2004 books
Anatomy
Killing Joke are an industrial rock band from England. They have been called a key influence on the industrial rock genre.

Studio albums 
 Killing Joke (1980)
 What's THIS For...! (1981)
 Revelations (1982)
 Fire Dances (1983)
 Night Time (1985)
 Brighter than a Thousand Suns (1986)
 Outside the Gate (1988)
 Extremities, Dirt and Various Repressed Emotions (1990)
 Pandemonium (1994)
 Democracy (1996)
 Killing Joke (2003)
 Hosannas from the Basements of Hell (2006)
 Absolute Dissent (2010)
 MMXII (2012)
 Pylon (2015)

References

English rock bands
English punk bands
English heavy metal bands
David Finlay (born 20 October 1958) is a professional wrestler and road agent from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He is best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring name Finlay. He has held both the WCW World Television Championship and the WWE United States Championship.

References 

1958 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
Northern Irish sportspeople
Sportspeople from Belfast
Christopher Keith Irvine (born November 9, 1970), better known by his ring name Chris Jericho, is an American - Canadian professional wrestler, rock musician,actor, author, and radio host. He is currently signed to AEW.
Jericho is also known for his appearances with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and internationally in Canadian, Mexican and Japanese promotions.

As a part of WWE, he is credited as being the first-ever Undisputed Champion in professional wrestling history. Also, he has won the Intercontinental Championship a record nine times. Jericho is a six-time world champion, having won the WCW World Heavyweight Championship twice, the aforementioned Undisputed Championship, and the World Heavyweight Championship three times. He is also the Ninth Triple Crown Champion and Third Grand Slam Champion.
Jericho is also the frontman of Fozzy, an American heavy metal band. Jericho uses the theme song "Break The Walls Down" as his entrance theme.

On May 24, 2012, during a match against CM Punk in São Paulo, Brazil, Jericho dropped and kicked the flag of Brazil which is a crime in that country. The police went to the ring and threatened to arrest Jericho. Jericho apologized to the crowd and was suspended by the WWE for 30 days. Jericho returned on June 25 episode of Raw, his disappearance was explained by a European tour with his band Fozzy which happened to coincide with his suspension.

On the June 30, 2014 episode of Raw, Jericho made a surprise return to the WWE and attacked The Miz who had also returned minutes earlier. Jericho was then attack by The Wyatt Family.

He currently hosts weekly podcast called "Talk Is Jericho" on PodcastOne.com.

He is best friends with Kevin Owens.
Discography
Fozzy (2000)
Happenstance (2002)
All That Remains (2005)
Chasing the Grail (2010)
Sin and Bones (2012)
Do You Wanna Start a War (2014)
Judas (2017)

In wrestling

Finishing moves
Breakdown (Full nelson facebuster) – 2001–2002
Codebreaker (Double knee facebreaker, sometimes while springboarding) – 2007–present
Lion Tamer (Boston crab while kneeling on the opponent's back or neck) – 1996–present
Walls of Jericho (Elevated Boston crab) – 1996–present
Lionsault (Springboard moonsault) – 1996–2005; He used it as a signature move afterwards
Signature moves
Backbreaker submission
Backhand chop
Baseball slide
Diving double axe handle
Diving reverse elbow
Double underhook backbreaker
Double underhook powerbomb
Flashback (Sleeper slam, he sometimes used it as a counter to an oncoming opponent) – 1999–2000
Flying forearm smash
Jericho Spike (Hurricanrana, sometimes from the top rope)
Multiple kick variations
Missile drop
Spinning heel
Springboard drop to an opponent on the ring apron
Standing, leg-feed or a running enzuigiri
Multiple powerbombs sometimes followed by a pin
Multiple suplex variations
Belly to back
Northern Lights
Super
Tiger
Vertical
One-handed bulldog
Putting his foot on the opponent's chest in a pinning attempt, with theatrics
Running back elbow, sometimes while performing a corkscrew
Springboard plancha
Tilt-a-whirl backbreaker
Managers
Ralphus (part of "Jericho Personal Security")
The Jerichoholic Ninja (part of "Jericho Personal Security")
Viva Los Jericho (part of "Jericho Personal Security")
Mr. Hughes
Chyna
Stephanie McMahon
Lance Cade

Nicknames
"Lionheart"
"The Man of 1,004 Holds"
"Y2J"
"The Ayatollah of Rock 'n' Rolla"
"The Sexy Beast"
"The (self-proclaimed) Living Legend"
"The King of the World"
"The Best In The World At What He Does"

Entrance themes
Entrance themes

"Rock America" by Danger Danger (SMW)
"Soul-Crusher" by White Zombie (ECW)
"Electric Head, Pt. 2 (The Ecstasy)" by White Zombie (ECW)
"All The Days"  by Mammoth (WCW)
"One Crazed Anarchist" by Grunge City from the Aircraft Music Library (WCW)
"Break the Walls Down" by Adam Morenoff (WWF/E; August 9, 1999 – August 25, 2005; November 19, 2007 – September 27, 2010; January 2, 2012 – present)
"King of My World" by Saliva (WWF/E; 2002)
"Don't You Wish You Were Me" by Fozzy (WWE; 2004)
"Crank the Walls Down" by Maylene & The Sons of Disaster (WWE; July 31, 2009 – January 4, 2010; Used while teaming with Big Show)

Accomplishments
Canadian Rocky Mountain Wrestling
CRMW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
CRMW North American Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Lance Storm)
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
NWA World Middleweight Championship (one time)1
Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Television Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Feud of the Year (2008) (vs. Shawn Michaels)
PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2002)
He was ranked #2 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009.
World Championship Wrestling
WCW Cruiserweight Championship (four times)
WCW World Television Championship (one time)
World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment
Undisputed WWF Championship (one time)5
World Heavyweight Championship (three times)
WCW/World Championship (two times)2
WWF/E Intercontinental Championship (nine times)3
World Tag Team Championship (five times) (with Chris Benoit (one), The Rock (one), Christian (one), Edge (one) and The Big Show (one))