Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In 1999, two fossil bones of Oxalaia were found in rocks on an island in the Northeast Region of Brazil. This part of the island gets covered up by the sea at high tide. Because of the action of the waves which cause erosion, the fossils were almost lost. Hundreds of other fossil teeth were also found at the same place.

The full name of the dinosaur is Oxalaia quilombensis. The animal was named by Brazilian palaeontologists Alexander Kellner, Elaine Machado, Sergio Azevedo, Deise Henriques, and Luciana Carvalho. The first part of the dinosaur's name (the genus) comes from an African god. The second part of the name (the species) comes from the quilombos, a group of Brazilian towns.

In 2011 the discovery of Oxalaia was presented at the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. Machado said that people are interested in spinosaurids: because of how different they are from other carnivorous dinosaurs, and because they are known by the public through the Jurassic Park movies.
Only two pieces of bone are known from Oxalaia. The first is the tip of its snout, called the premaxilla bone. The second is a piece of its left maxilla, or main upper jaw bone. The two pieces were put on display in the National Museum of Brazil in 2011. The museum was burnt down in a large fire in 2018, and the  Oxalaia fossils may have been destroyed.

Oxalaia is the third spinosaurid named from Brazil so far. The other two are Irritator and Angaturama (which might be the same animal as Irritator). These two animals are known from another part of Brazil, and lived nine to six million years before Oxalaia.

Description 

To estimate its size, Oxalaia's skull bones were compared with those of its close relative, Spinosaurus. Oxalaia was probably  long, and likely weighed . This makes it the largest known carnivorous dinosaur from Brazil.

The tip of Oxalaia's snout, called the premaxilla, was  long. Oxalaia's complete skull was probably  long. This is shorter than the skull of Spinosaurus, which was  long.
The front of Oxalaia's upper jaw was spoon-shaped, or larger at its front end than at its rear end. The bottom of the snout tip was curved inwards. This shape would have joined with the lower jaw, or mandible, which was also spoon-shaped. The roof of Oxalaia's mouth had a very complex and bony surface, called a secondary palate. This structure made the upper jaw more sturdy, so it would bend less when feeding. The fossil snout preserves broad and deep holes. These probably contained blood vessels and nerves.

The snout of Oxalaia had seven tooth sockets on each side. It had one tooth in each socket, and there were two teeth underneath to replace it if it fell out. This feature is common in sharks, but not in most theropod dinosaurs. Oxalaia's teeth were also oval in cross section, instead of flattened somewhat sideways like in most theropods.

Classification
Classification 

Oxalaia is more closely related to the African than Brazilian members of its family. Oxalaia, Irritator, Angaturama, Ichthyovenator, and Spinosaurus are the only known dinosaurs from their clade that don't have knife-like (or serrated) teeth. This places them in their own subfamily, called the Spinosaurinae.

Oxalaia can be separated from Spinosaurus by differences between their jaw bones. For example: Oxalaia had a rounder snout, and more closely spaced teeth than Spinosaurus. Oxalaia's two replacement teeth per socket, and less smooth secondary palate, also make it unique among the other known spinosaurs.

The cladogram below shows Oxalaia's relationship with other spinosaurids. It is from a study by Marcos Sales and Cesar Schultz:

Palaeobiology

Diet and feeding
Diet and feeding 

Spinosaurids likely spent most of their time near or in water, feeding mostly on aquatic animals like fish. This way, they would avoid competing with other large predatory dinosaurs. Fossil evidence shows that spinosaurs sometimes also ate pterosaurs and small dinosaurs. 

The cone-shaped teeth of Oxalaia were built for impaling prey, instead of cutting flesh like those of most theropod dinosaurs. Oxalaia's nostrils were placed far back on the head. This was probably to avoid water getting inside its nostrils when fishing. Both of these features were unique to spinosaurid dinosaurs, and were useful for catching and feeding on fish. The spoon-shaped front jaws and piercing teeth of spinosaurs worked as an efficient fish trap. This trait is also seen in the Indian gharial—the most fish-eating of modern crocodilians.

Habitat
Habitat 

Oxalaia is known from the Alcântara Formation, a geological formation in northeastern Brazil. This formation dates to the Upper Cretaceous Period, sometime between 100.5 to 93.9 million years ago. Back then, the environment of the formation had a wet climate. There were large tropical forests made of plants like conifer trees, ferns, and horsetails. These forests were surrounded by an arid, or dry, landscape.
Oxalaia shared this habitat with many different kinds of animals. Other dinosaurs found in the formation included giant carnivores like Carcharodontosaurus, and perhaps Spinosaurus. Smaller predators lived there too, such as dromaeosaurids, and an animal very similar to Masiakasaurus. There were also large sauropods, a group of herbivorous (plant-eating) dinosaurs. Fish found in the formation included bony fish, ray-finned fish, and lungfish. There were also giant coelacanths and sawfishes. Besides dinosaurs, there were other reptiles, like pterosaurs and crocodilians. Fossils of snakes and molluscs have also been found.

The fauna from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil is very similar to that of Morocco and Egypt during the same time period. This is because South America and Africa used to be connected, in a giant supercontinent called Gondwana.

References

Other websites 

Spinosauridae
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Ichthyovenator was a meat-eating theropod dinosaur. It was from the Early Cretaceous, about 113 to 125 million years ago. Its fossils were found in Laos in 2010. Ichthyovenator was a spinosaurid, they were crocodile-like dinosaurs that ate fish.

It is one of three spinosaurids found in Asia, the other two are Siamosaurus, and "Sinopliosaurus" fusuiensis.

Discovery and naming 
The first parts of the skeleton were found in 2010. They include: One rib, part of the animal's backbones (or vertebra), and most hip bones. They did not find the skull.

The only known species is Ichthyovenator laosensis. It was named and described by Ronan Allain and his colleagues in 2012. It was found in the Grès supérieurs Formation.

The name Ichthyovenator comes from the Greek word for "fish" and the Latin word for "hunter", The name refers to the fact that it ate fish. The species name is laosensis, because it lived in what is now Laos.
While Ichthyovenator was being described, paleontologists were still digging up more of its bones.

Ronan Allain was one of Ichthyovenator's original describers. In 2014, he mentioned that more of Icthyovenator's skeleton was dug up in 2012. He wrote this in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. These new bones include: several teeth, a hip bone, most neck bones, and a few back and tail bones. The description of the new bones has not been officially published.

In 2015, some of Ichthyovenator's bones were compared to the ones of Sigilmassasaurus. Sigilmassasaurus is another spinosaurid.

Description 
Paleontologists estimate Ichthyovenator was about  long. That's about as big as Baryonyx, one of its close relatives.

It had a half-meter sail or hump on its back, similar to Suchomimus, or Spinosaurus. Ichthyovenator's sail was unusual because it was split in two at the hips. Scientists don't know why it was like that.

Classification
Classification 

Ichthyovenator was first classified as a spinosaurid, inside the subfamily baryonychinae. This is the same subfamily that includes Baryonyx and Suchomimus.

In 2014 it was found that Ichthyovenator was part of the subfamily spinosaurinae instead.  This was because of specific features on its teeth, and because its backbones look much like the ones of Sigilmassasaurus.

Some sources say Ichthyovenator might not have been a spinosaurid. They say it may have been a sail-backed carcharodontosaurid, and that it was related to Concavenator. But this hypothesis has not been published in an academic place.

The diagram below is called a cladogram. It shows how Ichthyovenator is related to other dinosaurs in its family tree. This cladogram is by Allain et al. (2012):

References

Other websites

Spinosauridae
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Trần Đức Lương (born May 5, 1936) is a former Vietnamese politician and President of Vietnam from 1997 to 2006.

Trần Đức Lương became member of the Communist Party of Vietnam on 1959 in Hanoi. And became a functionary of the party in 1970. Trần Đức Lương was Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam from August 1987 to Februray 1997. And became member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam in June 1996.

References

Other websites
President rejects appeal of Nam Cam

1936 births
Living people
Presidents of Vietnam
Phan Văn Khải (; December 25, 1933 – March 17, 2018) was a Vietnamese politician and was the 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1997 to 2006. 

Phan Văn Khải died in Ho Chi Minh City on March 17, 2018 at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
Vietnamese Embassy biography 

1933 births
2018 deaths
Prime Ministers of Vietnam
is an album that is by Radwimps. They are a Japanese rock band. The album is their eighth album and is the soundtrack of Your Name. It was released on 24 August 2016 by Universal Music Japan.

The album was certified for gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan because it sold over 100 000 copies.

Track listing

Related pages
Your Name, the movie that this album was made for.

References

2016 albums
Rock albums
Nguyễn Thị Bình (born Nguyễn Châu Sa; 26 May 1927) is a Vietnamese communist leader. She negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference on behalf of the Viet Cong, or National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam. She was born in Saigon.

During the Vietnam War, she became a member of the Viet Cong's Central Committee and a vice-chairperson of the South Vietnamese Women's Liberation Association.

References

1927 births
Living people
Vice presidents of Vietnam
Andrés Manuel López Obrador (; born 13 November 1953), also known as AMLO, is a Mexican left-wing politician. He is the 65th and current President of Mexico since 1 December 2018. He was the Head of Government of the Federal District from 2000 to 2005, before resigning in July 2005 to become a candidate in the 2006 presidential election. He lost the election.

López Obrador was a candidate in the 2012 presidential election as part of a coalition of the PRD, Labor Party and Citizens' Movement. He finished second with 31.59% of the vote. He announced his resignation from the  PRD on September 9, 2012.

He was the leader of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and was the party's successful presidential candidate for the 2018 election. He was seen as a frontrunner for the 2018 presidential elections. He was elected President in a landslide victory on July 1, 2018 winning almost 54% of the vote. He is the first president to win a majority of the vote since 1988.
During his presidency, he has been seen as a progressive and has fought against corruption in the country. However, many did not like how he handled the COVID-19 pandemic and deals with drug cartels.

References

1953 births
Living people
Presidents of Mexico
Current national leaders
Democratic socialists
Heads of Government of Mexico City
Politicians from Tabasco
David Henry Halford Coventry (born 2 October 1969) was born in Wellington, New Zealand and is an author and musician. His first novel, The Invisible Mile (2015), was the winner of the 2016 Hubert Church Award for Fiction,  and finalist for both the Ockham New Zealand Book Award  and the Sports Book Awards in the United Kingdom. His work has been compared to Don DeLillo, Toni Morrisson, Thomas Mann.

Education 
Coventry went to the Hutt Valley High School from 1983 to 1986. He then studied at the Victoria University of Wellington, for a degree in English Literature and Religious Studies, and a Honours Degree in English Literature (2001) and a Masters in Creative Writing from the International Institute of Modern Letters (2010). He lives in Wellington, New Zealand.
The Invisible Mile
His novel, The Invisible Mile, is set during the 1928 Tour de France. It was described in the Sydney Morning Herald as its pick of the week: "David Coventry's poetic odyssey relates ... with symbolic force and poetic finesse." The New York Times included it in its book of the week section.  David Coventry is among the best New Zealand authors.

In an interview Coventry said: "The book is not trying to be a metaphor for the war, but for remembering the war."   The novel creates its own legends around the riders and pays homage to ancestral competitors.

Awards and appearances 
Coventry was the 2015 winner of the Todd New Writer's Bursary. He was a guest at the 2016 Edinburgh International Book Festival, the International Festival of Authors in Toronto (2017), the New Zealand Festival's Writer's Week (2016), the Auckland Writers Festival (2016), and the Nelson Arts Festival (2016).
Music  
As a sound engineer he has produced works for the experimental groups Thela, La Gloria and Empirical He also played in the groups La Gloria and Empirical.

References

Other websites 
 
 

1969 births
New Zealand writers
Living people
The Shanghai Water Gate Museum is a museum in Shanghai, China. It lets people see a water gate from the old path of the Wusong River (today's Suzhou Creek) from 700 years ago. It is free.

The gate itself is an important historical and cultural place protected by China's national government.

Name
The museum's full name the . Its Chinese name is the Shánghǎi Yuándài Shuǐzhá Yízhǐ Bówùguǎn. It is written as  in the older writing used on Hong Kong and Taiwan and  in the easier writing used on the mainland.

Location
The museum is at 619 West Yanchang Road  in Shanghai's Putuo District. It's at the corner of West Yangchang and Zhidan Roads.
History
Ren Renfa and his workers built the water gate on the Wusong River around 1300 during the Yuan Dynasty. Today, Suzhou Creek is small and less important than the Huangpu River, but it used to be bigger and more important for all the cities between Suzhou and the East China Sea. Dirt and sand in the river ("silt") slowly made it narrower and narrower. People built the water gate to help stop and wash away some of the dirt. The river changed its path to the south, the old gate became covered with dirt, and people forgot where it was.

Workers found the water gate in May 2001 while they were building new apartment buildings in the area. Once they understood that the stone their machines hit was a very old building, archaeologists came to look at it. The archaeologists started digging in January 2004 and finished in May 2006.

Workers started building the museum in November 2009 and finished on December 31st, 2012.

Notes

Other websites
 《上海元代水闸遗址博物馆》 on Baidu Baike
Bryson Djuan Tiller (born January 3, 1993), is an American singer, songwriter, and rapper from Louisville, Kentucky. He started his career in 2011, releasing the debut mixtape titled Killer Instinct Vol.1. In 2015, Tiller signed a record deal with RCA Records. In October of the same year, Tiller released his first album, Trapsoul. His sophomore album, True to Self, was released in May 2017.

Discography
Studio albums
 Trapsoul (2015)
 True to Self (2017)

Mixtapes
 Killer Instinct Vol.1 (2011)

References 

Living people
1993 births
Bond energy calculations is defined as the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. IUPAC defines bond energy as the average value of the gas-phase bond dissociation energies (usually at a temperature of 298 K) for all bonds of the same type within the same chemical species.

Chemical bonding
Energy
Phạm Văn Đồng (1 March 1906 – 29 April 2000) was the first Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since 1976 until his retirement in 1987. Prior to that he had served as the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1976. He was the longest serving Vietnamese Prime Minister (1955-1987). He was the student and associate of President Hồ Chí Minh
.His nickname was Tô which was once his alias.

References

Vietnamese politicians
Lê Duẩn (7 April 1907 – 10 July 1986) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1969 until his death in 1986. Lê Duẩn participated in the formation of the Communist Party of Vietnam, in 1930. During the French colonial rule, he was imprisoned in 1931-36 and 1940-45. Then until 1957 he served as leader of the Communist Party's Sector Section, and became General Secretary in 1960, thus leading the party after Ho Chi Minh. He continued Hồ Chí Minh's policy of ruling through collective leadership. and helped to formulate the party's policy for the development of the socialist economy.

References

General Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam
1907 births
1986 deaths
Ohanna Shivanand (born Shilpa Anand, 10 December 1982) is an Indian model, television and movie actress, who has appeared in Tamil,Telugu,Kannada and Hindi movies and worked in many commercials as a model. She is best known for her roles as Dr. Riddhima Gupta in the serial Dill Mill Gayye opposite Karan Singh Grover She also played the role of Dr. Shilpa Malhotra in Dill Mill Gayye on fans demand. she was born on 10 December 1982 in South Africa and did her schooling there. Her parents were from India, and Later she moved there with her family. In 2015 she changed her name to Ohanna Shivanand. She is the younger sister of Sakshi Shivanand, who is an actress from South India. She studied at Punjab University, obtaining a master's degree in Computer Applications (MCA), from 2000 to 2003. She worked as a software developer for five years, with Java J2EE application development and E-Learning.

Filmography

TV Shows

Guest appearance
Guest appearance

Advertisements
Source
 Coca-Cola with Aamir Khan
 Sunsilk
 Mrs Marino (hair softner)
 Bajaj Bramhi Amla Hair Oil
 Nerolac Paints with Amitabh Bachchan
 Dabur Pudin Hara with Amitabh Bachchan
 New York Life Insurance
 Pizza Hut
 Nirma
 Fair Look
 Gold Bindya
 Chick Talc
 Moov
 Lux with Aishwarya Rai Bachchan
 Vasmol Kesh Kala
 Kisna Diamond Jewellery

Music videos

Awards and nominations
Anand was nominated at several Awards ceremonies in 'Best Actress' category for her role Dr. Riddhima Gupta in the show Dill Mill Gayye such as New Talent Awards in 2008. She won the award alongside Karan Singh Grover for the best on-screen couple in August 2008.

References

Other websites

 
 Shilpa Anand at Bollywood Hungama

Living people
1982 births
Indian actors
Harry Sinclair Lewis was a writer who became the first American to win a Nobel Prize.

Notes
Võ Văn Kiệt (23 November 1922 – 11 June 2008) was a Vietnamese politician who was Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 8 August 1991 until 25 September 1997. He has been praised by the media as having promoted the process of Đổi mới and policy reform in Vietnam since 1986. He was the master engineer of many of the bold projects of the Đổi mới period.

References

Prime Ministers of Vietnam
1922 births
2008 deaths
Đổi mới  is the official title given to the current economic system in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It is described as a multisectoral market economy, where the state sector plays a crucial role in managing economic development with the possible long-term goal of developing socialism.

The socialist-oriented market economy is a product of Đổi mới economic reforms, which led to the replacement of the centrally planned economy with a market-based mixed economy based on state-owned industry. These reforms were implemented to allow Vietnam to participate in the global market economy.

Đổi mới-economic reforms were initiated by the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1986 during the party's sixth national congress. These reforms allowed private ownership of small businesses together with state-owned and collectively-owned companies. In addition, these reforms also played a greater role in market forces in order to coordinate economic activity between companies and public authorities.

References
References 

Politics of Vietnam
Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British painter. He was famous for his disturbing paintings of crucifixions, popes, self-portraits, and portraits of close friends. He was one of the most recognized British painters of the 20th century.

1909 births
1992 deaths
British painters
People from Dublin
Camila is the debut solo album by Cuban American singer Camila Cabello.  She was previously a member of the girl group Fifth Harmony.  The album was released on January 12, 2018.

Camila entered the US Billboard 200 album chart at number one, with 119,000 copies and streaming units sold in its first week.  It reached number one in the same week as the single "Havana".  As a result, she became only the third artist in history to have their first album and one of its singles both reach number one in the same week.  Only Beyoncé and Britney Spears have done this before.

Track listing

Notes

References 

2018 albums
Pop albums
Latin pop albums
Gert Brauer (September 7, 1955 – January 1, 2018) was an East German footballer. He played 270 Oberliga matches in East Germany. He was born in Ronneburg, East Germany (nowadays in Thuringia).

Three of his four international matches for East Germany where part of the UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying.

References

Other websites
 Gert Brauer

1955 births
2018 deaths
East German sportspeople
German footballers
Sportspeople from Thuringia
Yves Philippe Afonso (13 February 1944 – 21 January 2018) was a French actor. He was born in Saulieu in the Côte-d'Or département.

His first movie was Masculin, féminin in 1966. Since then, he had many roles, both in movies and on television. He also played in theatre. He normally played supporting roles. He was perhaps best known for his role as Inspector Bricard in L'Horloger de Saint-Paul, and the black comedy Week End, where he played Tom Thumb.

Afonso died at his home in Saulieu at the age of 73.

References

Other websites

1944 births
2018 deaths
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
People from Côte-d'Or
James Christopher Armfield, CBE, DL (21 September 1935 – 22 January 2018) was an English professional football player and manager. He worked as a football pundit for BBC Radio Five Live. 

Armfield played the whole of his Football League career at Blackpool, usually at right back. Between 1954 and 1971 he played 627 games in all competitions, scored six goals, and spent a decade as the club's captain. He also represented the England national team 43 times between 1959 and 1966, and captained them in 15 games.

Armfield died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Blackpool, Lancashire on 22 January 2018 at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
 Jimmy Armfield Bob's 70–71 footballers Jimmy Armfield
Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL
Jimmy Armfield Statue Fund website
Armfield in the Blackpool Supporters Association Hall of Fame
Jimmy Armfield on englandstats.com
1935 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Cancer deaths in England
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Lancashire
Ferdinand de Saussure (26 November 1857 – 22 February 1913) is considered a founding father of modern day linguistics and semiotics. Semiotics is the study of how we attach meaning to the world around us and how we communicate that meaning to others.

Relevant Historical Events

1857- Saussure was born in Geneva, Switzerland.

1870s- Saussure studied Sanskrit, Latin and Ancient Greek at the University of Geneva.

1876-1880- Saussure studies historical linguistics in the German cities of Leipzig and Berlin.

1880- Saussure received his doctorate in Leipzig. He moved to Paris to become a professor in historical linguistics.

1891- Saussure accepted the title of “Chevalier of the Legion of Honor” after teaching for 11 years in Paris, at the École Pratique des Hautes Études. He returned to Geneva, accepting a job as a professor.

1907-1911- For three years in a row, Saussure holds a lecture series about general linguistics.

1913- Saussure dies.
1916- Saussure’s students put together notes from the lectures and publish them in a book called Cours de linguistique générale or Course on General Linguistics

Saussure was a professor in historical linguistics, which is concerned with how languages relate to each other and how they change over time. This interest in how language changes over time can be called diachrony. Saussure was more interested in synchrony, which doesn’t change over time. This means he looked at the parts of a language, as if they didn’t change. Saussure studied the structure of language without comparing it to other languages and without focusing on change.
Saussure distinguished two different parts of language, langue and parole. Langue is the system of the language or the theory of the language. When we learn a language in school we are learning the “langue” of the language: vocabulary words, grammatical structures, the order of words, etc. Parole is how the language is actually spoken. Often times, people speak in a way that is different from how language is taught in schools. We make mistakes, use slang words, and use figurative language. This is all part of parole. Saussure was more interested in studying the langue of a language. Parole was harder to study because the language people speak changes often. Studying the langue allowed Saussure to understand the basic structure of language. 

Saussure wanted to know how people communicate language with each other. In his “Course in General Linguistics”, Saussure first defines language and how it is involved in speech.

Defining Language
Many different factors work together to create language. 
 The first relationship     is between the sounds we make and the way we make these sounds. The sounds     of letters and combinations of letters are called acoustical impressions.     The way we use our vocal cords, the muscles in our mouth, and our tongue     to produce these sounds is called oral articulation. Therefore, the first     relationship that contributes to language is between acoustical     impressions and oral articulation. Together these make up the “signifier”,     or the specific words and pronunciations we use.
 The second relationship     is between the signifier and the meaning that we attach to it. This     meaning is called the “signified”. A signifier and the signified combine     to make a linguistic sign, which Saussure also calls a “complex     physiological-psychological unit”.
The third relationship     is when an individual starts using linguistic signs with other     individuals. This discourse is speech and previously mentioned as “parole”
 The fourth relationship     looks at the evolution of language and is the concern of historical     linguistics. 
To summarize, Saussure describes language as our ability to represent meaning by using signs (the words themselves and the way they sound when spoken). In the process of communicating with another individual, language can be found in the process of taking meaning from the words that we hear (which make up an “auditory image”). This process is psychological, while producing signs is the physiological process of speech. To study language, we focus on the psychological process.
Language is studied apart from speech. It does not exist among one person but among the community of people that use it. Each member of the community shares a knowledge of the language but cannot change the system of the language individually. Language as a stable system can be studied scientifically, which is the goal of linguistics. 

Saussure also focuses on the arbitrary nature of signs.This means that a word and the sounds that make up a word don’t tell us anything about word means. For example, the word “dog” doesn’t tell us about what a dog is. The letters and sounds chosen are not special.  Most words are chosen in this way. A small amount of words are not. For example in the word “slap”, the letters sound like the noise you hear when you slap something. The arbitrary nature of sounds allows us to make many words. If every letter had a single meaning, then we could only create a small number of words with that letter.

References

Linguists
1857 births
1913 deaths
People from Geneva
Swiss academics
Sherry Beth Ortner (born September 19, 1941) is an American cultural anthropologist and has been a Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at UCLA since 2004.

Biography
Ortner grew up in a Jewish family in Newark, New Jersey, and attended Weequahic High School, as did Philip Roth and Richie Roberts. She received her B.A. from Bryn Mawr College in 1962. She then studied anthropology at the University of Chicago with Clifford Geertz and obtained her Ph.D. in anthropology in 1970 for her fieldwork among the Sherpas in Nepal. She has taught at Sarah Lawrence College, the University of Michigan, the University of California, Berkeley, Columbia University, and finally the University of California, Los Angeles, where she currently teaches.

References

Other websites
Sherry Ortner faculty profile

1941 births
Living people
American anthropologists
Scientists from Newark, New Jersey
Jane Wagner (born February 26, 1935) is an American writer, director, stage actor and producer. She was born in Morristown, Tennessee. Wagner is best known as Lily Tomlin's comedy writer, collaborator and wife. She is the author of The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe, The Incredible Shrinking Woman and other Tomlin vehicles.

References 

Drama Desk Award winners
Emmy Award winners
Peabody Award winners
1935 births
Living people
American playwrights
American screenwriters
American television writers
American television directors
American television producers
American stage actors
Lesbian feminists
LGBT actors
American LGBT writers
LGBT people from Tennessee
Actors from Tennessee
Writers from Tennessee
Bruno Giacosa (1929 – 21 January 2018) was an Italian wine producer. He was born in the village Neive in Piemonte. He produced a number of Barbaresco and Barolo wines, as well as bottlings of Arneis, Barbera, Dolcetto and a sparkling wine. Giacosa was considered a traditionalist. He has been described as the "Genius of Neive".

Giacosa died at his home in Alba, Piemonte of complications from a stroke on 21 January 2018 at the age of 88.

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Italian businesspeople
A shutdown of the United States federal government began at midnight EST on Saturday, January 20, 2018, after a failure to pass a legislation funding bill for government operations and agencies and ended on Monday, January 22, 2018.

The shutdown was caused from disputes over the status of protection of persons affected by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) immigration policy, and therefore whether those covered under the program should face deportation. There was also a dispute over whether funding should be funded towards building a Mexico–United States border wall, a keystone policy during Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
This is the first shutdown in United States history to occur while both chambers of Congress as well as the White House are controlled by the same party (in this case, the Republican party). The 2018 shutdown began when the Senate failed to approve a House-passed bill to keep the government open. The shutdown began on the first anniversary of Donald Trump taking office.

References

2018 in the United States
Government of the United States
January 2018 events
Spinosauridae (meaning 'spined lizards') is a family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. They are unique among other meat-eating dinosaurs from their more water-based lifestyle, which involved a diet of mostly fish. Spinosaurid fossils have been found all over the world, including Asia, South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia.

Description 

Spinosaurids had longer arms than most theropods, the claw on the first finger was usually the largest. They evolved jaws like those of crocodiles, and their teeth were long and cone-shaped, made to trap prey in their mouths instead of tearing them apart. Because of this, their teeth usually did not have the strong knife-like edges (called serrations) of a lot of other meat-eating dinosaurs.

The family contains Spinosaurus, the first spinosaurid discovered, and the largest carnivorous dinosaur we know of. Paleontologists suggest it might have reached up to 15 meters (49 ft.) in length.
Paleobiology 
A study made in 2010 by Roman Amiot and his colleagues found that spinosaurids had very semiaquatic (living partly in water, and partly on land) lifestyles, this means they lived in habitats like those of hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and turtles, making them very unusual compared to other theropods. It also means they could exist at the same time and place as other large predators without competing for food. For example; Carcharodontosaurus, which lived at the same time as Sigilmassasaurus and Spinosaurus, did not need to fight with either of those animals for prey; those spinosaurids ate fish, while Carcharodontosaurus was on land most of the time, hunting smaller dinosaurs.
Classification 
The family "Spinosauridae" was named by the German paleontologist Ernst Stromer in 1915, he was the one that discovered the first genus in the group, Spinosaurus. And as scientists discovered more fossils of its close relatives, the family was eventually split into two subfamilies: Baryonychinae, and Spinosaurinae. This was done because of differences in the anatomy of their skulls and teeth.

This is a cladogram made in 2017 showing the relationships between different spinosaurids inside of megalosauroidea.

References

Other websites 
 Spinosauridae
 Spinosauridae on the Theropod Database

Spinosauridae
Romana Acosta Bañuelos (March 20, 1925 – January 15, 2018) was an American public servant. She was the thirty-fourth Treasurer of the United States.  She was appointed by President Richard Nixon on September 20, 1971. She served from December 17, 1971 to February 14, 1974.

References

1925 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in California
Businesspeople from Arizona
Treasurers of the United States
Politicians from Arizona
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Mary Ellen Hinamon Withrow (born October 2, 1930) is an American public servant. She was the 40th Treasurer of the United States from March 1, 1994 to  January 20, 2001 under President Bill Clinton.

She also was Treasurer when the $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 notes were redesigned in the 1990s.

References

1930 births
Living people
Treasurers of the United States
Politicians from Ohio
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Pathet Lao was a political and communist movement in Laos that was established in the mid-20th century. The organization eventually succeeded in gaining the highest power in Laos after an internal war. war or revolution (against the French and American) that lasted from the 1950s to 1975. The organization had very close relationship with the Vietnamese communists. During the Indochina War, the organization was effectively organized, supported and equipped by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

References

Communism
Organizations based in Laos
Background
In 1949 the French Army was still unable to advance into the Việt Bắc area. The control of the Northern Delta was slow but unstable. Việt Minh gradually reorganized its apparatus and forces, and began organizing large-scale battles against French forces.During the five years of the war against the French in isolation, the Việt Minh actively expanded relations to seek international support. On October 1 1949 the People's Republic of China was established and quickly recognized and established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Then on January 18, 1950 the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries recognized and established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The prestige and military capabilities of the Việt Minh Front are growing in the people.
During the same five years, the Việt Minh also adopted overseas Vietnamese organizations in France and left-leaning organizations to fight politics strongly influencing the French people's rising resistance to Indochina War. France fell into an unprecedented political crisis. The Vietnamese State lacked credibility among the people as a puppet government, and its army was too weak to cooperate with French troops in Indochina to win the war. The French government was forced to take into account the US government's plan to accept economic and military aid to pursue the war.

However, after five years of war French troops in Indochina became more and more bogged down in defense. In addition, although the development of the native force, but the quality and the fighting spirit is low it is almost impossible to undertake military tasks instead of the French.

References 

20th century in Vietnam
1950 in Asia
Gulberg ) is an administrative town (tehsil) in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is also a union council (UC 97). It has gained importance as a commercial area.

Neighbourhoods

References 

zameen 
Towns in Lahore
The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) was an American immigration policy that allowed some individuals who entered the country as minors, and had either entered or remained in the country illegally, to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and to be eligible for a work permit. 

As of 2017, about 800,000 individuals—referred to as Dreamers after the DREAM Act bill—were enrolled in the program created by DACA. The policy was established by the Obama Administration in June 2012 and rescinded by the Trump Administration in September 2017. In November 2014 President Barack Obama announced his intention to expand DACA to cover additional illegal immigrants. But multiple states immediately sued to prevent the expansion, which was ultimately blocked by the courts.

References

Barack Obama
Donald Trump
2014 establishments in the United States
Immigration
2017 disestablishments in the United States
Niles is a village in Maine and Niles townships, Cook County, Illinois, United States. The 2020 population from the U.S. Census Bureau was 30,912.

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Siamosaurus (meaning 'Siamese lizard') is a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. It is only known from fossil teeth, so paleontologists don't know much about its size, but it might have reached a length of 9.1 meters (30 ft). The teeth that were discovered looked a lot like those of Spinosaurus, so it probably ate fish.

A study made in 2010 by Roman Amiot and his colleagues compared the teeth of spinosaurids like Baryonyx, Irritator, Siamosaurus, and Spinosaurus to other meat-eating dinosaurs. They found that spinosaurids had very semiaquatic (living partly in water, and partly on land) lifestyles. This means they lived in habitats like those of hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and turtles. It also means they could exist at the same time and place as other large predators without competing for food.

References 

Dinosaurs
Spinosauridae
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Cristatusaurus was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of West Africa. Its fossils look very similar to the ones from Baryonyx and Suchomimus.

Discovery and naming 
The first specimens were found in Niger in 1973 by a French paleontologist named Philippe Taquet. The name of the animal refers to the Latin word for crest, "crista", because it had a crest on its snout. The species "lapparenti" is named after another French paleontologist called Albert-Félix de Lapparent. The fossils discovered so far include two broken snout bones, some pieces from the upper and lower jaws, a claw, and four backbones (also called ''vertebrae''). Scientists aren't sure if Cristatusaurus is a new species, some of them say it could be the same dinosaur as Suchomimus or Baryonyx.

References 

Spinosauridae
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of Africa
Al-Qassim Region (, Minṭaqat al-Qaṣīm [ælqɑˈsˤiːm]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 1,370,727. It has an area of . It is known to be the "alimental basket" of the country, for its agricultural assets. Al-Qassim is the richest region per capita in Saudi Arabia. It is the seventh most populated region in the country after Jizan. It is the fifth most densely populated region. Its capital city is Buraydah.

Geography of Saudi Arabia
Eric Derk Wiebes (born March 12, 1963 in Delft) is a Dutch politician. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

He was minister of Economic Affairs and Climate in the Third Rutte cabinet from October 26, 2017 until January 15, 2021.

Wiebes studied mechanical engineering at Delft University of Technology, and obtained a Master of Business Administration at INSEAD.

He worked at Royal Dutch Shell, McKinsey & Company, OC&C Strategy Consultants, and at the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

He was an alderman of Amsterdam from 2010 to 2014, and deputy minister of Finance in the Second Rutte cabinet from 2014 to 2017.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1963 births
Living people
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch civil servants
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from Delft
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
The APEX flight academy based in Taitung Airport, Taiwan, is a flight school started in 2014.

Known because it is the first and only school approved by the Civil Aviation Authority in Taiwan. It has aircrafts and flight simulators.

In 2018, the school signed an partnership deal with the French Civil Aviation University to conduct EASA certified trainings.

References

Further reading 
 Official website

Aviation organizations
2014 establishments in Asia
21st-century establishments in Taiwan
Organizations based in Taiwan
Tourism 
General Santos City celebrates the "Kalilangan Festival" every month of February "Kalilangan" It is a social gathering marked by exchanging of amenities among traditional leaders, elders, allies, and subordinates in varying tones, The Tuna Festival is also celebrates in Month 5th of September, mean named "Tuna Capital of the Philippines, The Pacquiao Mansion is one of the place often visit in this city. People usually take of pictures in the front f Pacquiao's mansion, Another place to go also the Plaza Heneral it is actually big rutonda in the city it is the front the city hall. And you will find also a big monument dedicated to whom this twon is named by General Paulino Santos born from Camiling, Tarlac, One place you should not miss this tuna fish port located at Brgy. Tambler, this port is the most modern fisgh port in Mindanao, its just not Mindanao, to be the whole in Philippines.
Plaza Heneral 
Dedicated to this name, Gen. Paulino Santos is placed on a 4.8 hectare land owned by the government of Philippines. People from different walks of life can enjoy in park day and night.

Transportation 
Buses and modern services vehicles are served in this city, as well as air transportation, The "General Santos International Airport", stylized named as "General Santos City Airport". Hub airline for Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, AirAsia and others.

Other websites
 Official Website of the City of General Santos

 Philippine Standard Geographic Code

Cities in the Philippines
Vietnam People's Public Security is the key armed force of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the state of Socialist Republic of Vietnam as the core and shock in the cause of protecting national security and maintaining the order and safety of the commune. Association of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The People's Public Security Forces has the function of advising the Communist Party of Vietnam and the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the protection of national security and preservation of social order and safety; To exercise unified management over the protection of national security and preserve social order and safety; To fight against the conspiracy, activities of hostile forces, assorted crimes and violations of the law on national security, social order and safety
. The Vietnamese People's Police is placed under absolute and direct leadership in all aspects of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the domination of the State President, the unified management of the Government and direct and direct management. Next of the Minister of Public Security. The slogan of the force from the early days was "Protecting Homeland Security.
References

Organizations based in Vietnam
Iloilo City is the capital city of the province
of Iloilo, Philippines. In 2015, 447,992 people lived there. The city is located on the banks of the Iloilo river and lies to the northwest of the island Guimaras. It is one hour south of the province of Capiz. People from the city are called Ilonggos.

References

Other websites 
 Iloilo City Government official website
 Iloilo Travel Website 

Cities in the Philippines
Mu (Chinese: 亩; pinyin: mǔ or 畝, mǔ) is a unit of area measurement used in the Far East, and particularly in China, where it is officially standardised.

It corresponds to 1/15 of a hectare, or about 666.67 m2. 

Units of area
Lucena, officially the City of Lucena () is a first class highly urbanized city. It is the capital city of the province of Quezon, Philippines. In 2015, 266,248 people lived there.

Other websites 
 Quezon Province Website
 Philippine Standard Geographic Code
 Philippine Census Information
 SC unseats Lucena - mayor orders vice-mayor to take over SC, unseats Lucena

Cities in the Philippines
The Second Rutte cabinet, also called Rutte II cabinet or Rutte II, was a Dutch cabinet, which governed the Netherlands from November 5, 2012 until October 26, 2017 (outgoing from March 14, 2017).

It consisted of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Labor Party (PvdA).

The Prime Minister was Mark Rutte (VVD), the Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher (PvdA).

Although Rutte II lost its small minority in the Second Chamber in November 2016, and had no minority in the First Chamber at all, it managed to fulfill its entire period.

It was preceded by the First Rutte cabinet and has been succeeded by the Third Rutte cabinet.

Related pages 
 List of Dutch cabinets
 2012 Dutch general election

Other websites 
 Second Rutte cabinet, Parlement.com

Rutte 2
2010s establishments in the Netherlands
2012 establishments in Europe
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Jolly Grant Airport  (IATA: DED, ICAO: VIDN), also known as Dehradun Airport, is an airport serving Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun is the only operational airport plying daily commercial flights, connecting the Garhwal region by air.

About Jolly Grant Airport 
Situated 25km east of Dehradun city, Jolly Grant Airport is nestled in the foothills of Himalayas. The proximity of Jolly Grant Airport with popular places like Dehradun, Mussoorie, Haridwar and Rishikesh enables tourists to fly in to Uttarakhand instead of travelling by rail or by road. The distance from Jolly Grant Airport to Rishikesh and Dehradun can be easily covered in 20 and 40 minutes respectively. Several efforts are being made by the government of Uttarakhand to rope in more airlines as it will help in improving the tourism sector.
Dehradun Airport Flights Schedule 
Jolly Grant is the largest commercial airport of Uttarakhand. This airport is centrally located between Dehradun, Haridwar and Rishikesh cities. Daily several flights are operates from here by airline players like IndiGo, Jet Airways, Spice Jet and Air India towards New Delhi International Airport. Tourists can board connecting flights towards cities like Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai and Hyderabad via Delhi from here. Now domestic flights are also available from Dehradun Airport.

References 

Airports in India
Uttarakhand