Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Daniel Irvin Rather, Jr. (born October 31, 1931 in Wharton, Texas) is an American journalist and reporter. He worked with the CBS network until 2006. Controversy over documents Rather reported on that he claimed indicated President George W. Bush avoided military service during Vietnam caused him to leave CBS Evening News in 2005, his last broadcast on that program was March 9, 2005 and the whole network altogether two years later. He is now reporting for HDNet.

Awards
He has received many Emmy Awards, several Peabody Awards, and various honorary degrees from universities.

References

1931 births
Living people
American television news anchors
Journalists from Texas
American war correspondents
Peabody Award winners
Television personalities from Texas
Emmy Award winners
The Lycée Edgar-Poe  is a private secondary school in Paris. It is named after the American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849).

Its motto is  ('"The interest for the student develops the student's interest"). Its director is Mrs Evelyne Clinet.

History 

The Lycée Edgar-Poe was created in 1965 under the name Cours Edgar-Poe and has been recognized by the French State the 26th of February 1980.

Famous alumni
 Olivier Caudron (born in 1955), singer.
 François Ravard (born in 1957), French record and film producer.

References

Other websites
  

1965 establishments in Europe
Schools in Paris
1960s establishments in France
The bias of a piece of woven fabric is at 45 degrees to its warp and weft threads.  Every piece of woven fabric has two biases, at right angles to each other. Fabrics which are not woven, such as felt, do not have a bias.

When cut on the bias, woven fabric is more elastic as well as more fluid in movement, compared to the on-grain direction. This helps many types of garment, such as skirts, dresses and neckties.

The "bias-cut" is a technique used by tailors and dress-makers for cutting cloth. The greater stretch in the bias (diagonal) direction of the fabric, helps it accentuate body lines and curves and drape softly. For example, a full-skirted dress cut on the bias will hang more gracefully or a narrow dress will cling to the figure.
Bias-cut garments were prominent in haute couture clothes designed by Madeleine Vionnet in the 1920s. It is still used often in both haute couture and high street clothing. In the Middle Ages, before the development of knitting, hose leggings were cut on the bias in order to make them fit better.

References 

Woven fabrics
Madeleine Vionnet (22 June 1876 – 2 March 1975) was a French fashion designer. She used the bias cut, made  Grecian-style dresses and introduced haute couture design to high street shops.

Life & career 
Born into a poor family in Chilleurs-aux-Bois, Loiret, Vionnet began her apprenticeship as a seamstress at age 11. After a brief marriage at age 18, she left her husband and went to London to work making clothes in a  hospital. While in London, Vionnet worked as a fitter for Kate Reily (or Reilly). Reily bought original French designer dresses and brought them to her London workshop. There she had them copied, and sold the copies to her London clients for half the price of the originals. Vionnet was head of her workshop (atelier), cutting, fitting and directing the seamstresses.p30
Vionnet eventually returned to Paris and trained with well known fashion houses. In 1912 she founded her own fashion house, "Vionnet". In the 1920s she created a stir by re-introducing the bias cut, an old technique for cutting cloth diagonal to the grain of the fabric. She developed techniques for managing the problems the bias cut caused. Bias cuts cling to the body and move with the wearer. Vionnet's use of the bias cut to create a sleek, flattering, body-skimming look would change women's clothing and carry her to the top of the fashion world.

Madeleine's clothes were famous for accentuating the natural female form. Influenced by the modern dances of Isadora Duncan, Vionnet created designs that showed off a woman's natural shape. Like Duncan, Vionnet was inspired by ancient Greek art, in which garments appear to float freely around the body rather than distort its shape.
Vionnet's simple-looking styles were not simple to produce. She cut, draped, and pinned fabric designs on to miniature dolls, before recreating them in chiffon, silk, or Moroccan crepe on life-size models. Vionnet used materials such as crêpe de chine, gabardine, and satin to make her clothes; fabrics which were unusual in women's fashion of the 1920s and 30s. She would order fabrics two yards wider than necessary in order to accommodate draping, creating clothes – particularly dresses – that were luxurious and sensual but also simple and modern. Characteristic Vionnet styles included the handkerchief dress, cowl neck, and halter top.
Vionnet influenced the design of mass production prét à porter (ready to wear) clothing. She had worked in mass production as a hospital seamstress, and could simplify her designs for the retail market. High fashion was too expensive for working people, and (unlike today) was not copied in the high street. Vionnet's ability to take her designs off the cat walk and into the high street revolutionised the fashion industry and popular culture.

Career stages 
Apprentice seamstress, Aubervilliers, 1888–93.p29–39
Seamstress at the House of Vincent, Paris, 1893–95.  
Head of workroom for Kate Reilly, London, 1895–1900.
Brief period as a saleswomen at Bechoff-David, Paris, 1900–01.
Première, making the original models from designs of Mme Gerber at Callot Soeurs, Paris, 1901–07. 
Designer for Doucet, 1907–11.p35
Maison Vionnet, 1912–14, 1919–39; retired 1940.
Copyright on fashion designs 
In 1930, Suzanna Laneil was caught with 48 copies of Chanel and Vionnet designs. Vionnet sued her, in a French landmark case. The Court found that the design originals by Vionnet were "real works of art" and that they were "entitled to the same protection accorded authors and copyright holders". That protection has been written into the statute and ratified by European treaties on copyright law. Vionnet began as a style copiest with Kate Reilly, but became a strong supporter of intellectual property protection for designers.

Awards 
Légion d'Honneur, 1929.

Exhibitions 
1987 Three Women: Madeleine Vionnet, Claire McCardell and Rei Kawakubo. Fashion Institute of Technology, New York, 
1991 Madeleine Vionnet, 1876–1975: l'art de la couture. Centre de la Vieille Charité, Musée de Marseille, 
1994 Madeleine Vionnet—les années d'innovation: 1919-1939. Musée historique des tissus de Lyon.

References 

Lydia Kamitsis 1996. Vionnet. Fashion memoir series, Thames & Hudson, London.
French fashion designers
French fashion houses
1876 births
1975 deaths
was a  after Kanpyō and before Engi.  This period started in April 898 and ended in July 901.  During this time, the reigning emperor was .

Events of the Shōtai era
 7 December, 899 (Shōtai 2, 1st day of the 11th month): At winter solstice, all the great officials of the empire presented themselves in the Imperial court.
 6 February 900 (Shōtai 3, 3rd day of the 1st month):  The emperor went to visit his father in the place former-Emperor Uda had chosen to live after abdication.
 900 (Shōtai 3, 10th month): The former-Emperor Uda traveled to   in what is now Wakayama Prefecture.  He visited the temples on the slopes of the mountain.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
898 establishments
9th-century establishments in Japan
901 disestablishments
10th-century disestablishments in Japan
Severiano Ballesteros Sota (9 April 1957 - 7 May 2011) was a Spanish golfer.

Ballesteros won The Open Championship in 1979, 1984 and 1988. He won the Masters Tournament in 1980 and 1983. He was ranked number one golfer in the world for parts of the 1980s.  

He was born in Pedrena, Cantabria and died there, of brain cancer.

Other websites 
Official website

Cancer deaths in Spain
Deaths from brain cancer
Golfers
People from Cantabria
Spanish sportspeople
1957 births
2011 deaths
, also known as Katsuo-dera, is a Japanese Buddhist temple in Minō, which is in the mountains of northern Osaka Prefecture.

Katsuō-ji is one in a grouping of Buddhist temples which are pilgrimage sites in the Kansai region.

History
The temple site was first named Miroku-ji in 765.

The name "Katsuō-ji" was given by the Emperor Seiwa.

In 1184, the temple was destroyed by fire, but it was re-built.

Daruma
Daruma dolls are often returned to the temple and left somewhere on the grounds.

References

Other websites

Katsuō-ji website 

Buddhist temples in Japan
760s establishments in Japan
765 establishments
8th-century buildings and structures‎
Osaka Prefecture
Paktika () is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the south-east of the country. Most of the people are Pashtun. Its capital is Sharana.

Districts

References
Sharana (), or Sharan (), is the capital of Paktika Province, Afghanistan. There are about 2,200 people who live in the town.

References

 

Cities in Afghanistan
Paktika Province
Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov (10 August 186521 March 1936) was a Russian composer, music teacher, and conductor. He was the director of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory between 1905 and 1928. He left the Soviet Union in 1928 and did not return. Glazunov successfully reconciled nationalism and cosmopolitanism in Russian music. 

1865 births
1936 deaths
Russian composers
Paul Oswald Ahnert (November 22, 1897 - February 27, 1989) was a German astronomer. He worked at the Sonneberg Observatory. He made an annual astronomical calendar called the "Kalender für Sternfreunde", which translates as the calendar for star friends. He included items in space which could easily be seen by amateur astronomers using small telescopes, or even just by eyesight. The calendar was first published in 1948 and was one of the few books from the German Democratic Republic which was highly regarded by people in other countries. After Ahnert's death the calendar continued to be published by astrophysicist Rainer Luthardt. An asteroid, 3181 Ahnert, was named after him.

References

1897 births
1989 deaths
German astronomers
Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor who was in Hatching Pete and Good Luck Charlie.

References

Other websites

1991 births
Living people
American television actors
Panjshir (, meaning "Five Lions", also spelled as Panjsher) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Panjshir province is known for not being taken by the Soviets during their occupation in the 1980s. There has not been as much violence here as the rest of the country.

References
Bazarak () is a town in the Panjshir Valley, in northern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Panjshir Province. It has six villages: Khanez, Jangalak, Malaspa, Parandeh, Rahmankhil. The tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud, known as the "Lion of Panjshir", is in Bazarak.

References 

Cities in Afghanistan
Panjshir Province
Parwān (Persian/Pashto: پروان), also spelled Parvān, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. There are about 560,000 people. The capital is Charikar. 

In 329 BC, Alexander the Great formed the settlement of Parwan. It was conquered by the Arabs in 792.

Districts

References
Charikar () is a city in northern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Parwan Province. The city is on the road 69 km from Kabul.  Charikar is known for its pottery and high-quality grapes.

References 

Cities in Afghanistan
Parwan Province
The Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919, also known as the Treaty of Rawalpindi, was a treaty which brought the Third Anglo-Afghan War to an end. It was signed on 8 August 1919 in Rawalpindi by Great Britain and Afghanistan. Britain recognised Afghanistan's independence (as per Article 5 of the treaty), agreed that British India would not extend past the Khyber Pass and stopped British subsidies to Afghanistan. Afghanistan also accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India as per Article 5 of the Anglo-Afghan treaty of 1919. Thus, Afghanistan as an independent country agreed to recognise Durand Line as international border between the two countries.

Related pages
Durand Line

References

20th century in Afghanistan
Rawalpindi
1919 in the United Kingdom
1921 in the United Kingdom
Afghanistan has around 29.8 million people as of the year 2011.  About 2.7 million Afghan refugees are living in Pakistan and Iran.

The country is multi-ethnic and multi-lingual.  Most of Afghanistan's people are of the Iranic peoples. The Pashtun is the largest group followed by Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimak, Turkmen, Baloch and others.

Dari (Persian) and Pashto are both the official languages of the country.

Islam is the religion of more than 99% of Afghanistan.

Related pages 
 Ethnic groups in Afghanistan

References
Samangan () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. About 313,211 people live in the Province, as of 2006. The capital is Samangan.

Districts

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Samangan (previous: Eukratidia; then Aybak or Aibak) is the capital of Samangan Province in the northern part of Afghanistan. It was a major Buddhist centre during the 4th and 5th centuries.

The town is on the banks of the Khulm River valley below the Hindu Kush Mountains.

Many Uzbek people live in the town.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Sar-e Pol, also spelled Sari Pul (), is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north of the country.  The capital is the city of Sar-e Pol. Dari (Persian) is the main language. About 442,261 people live in the Province. There are many mountains, especially in the south part.

Districts
The province is divided into 7 Districts.

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Sar-e Pol or Sari Pul () is the capital city of the province of Sar-e Pol in northern Afghanistan.  It is in Sari Pul District. About 115,463 people live in the city.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
According to the principle of 'To each according to his contribution', during the transition of a society from capitalism to socialism and then to communism, individuals should be rewarded for the amount they contribute to society. Economists such as David Ricardo (1772-1823) had this idea. Ricardo founded a movement that is known as Ricardian socialism today. Many people in the labour movement had this idea too. Ferdinand Lassalle (1825–1864) and Eugen Dühring (1833-1921) expressed such ideas towards Leon Trotsky. Despite this, Vladimir Lenin was the first person to say that this element is fundamental to Marxist theory.

According to Libertarian socialist thinkers, such as American anarchist Benjamin Tucker, socialism is a system in which the laborer receives the full product of his labor. This eliminates exploitation and unearned income accrued to the capitalist.
The term To each according to his contribution simply means that each worker in a socialist society receives "wages" and benefits according to the quantity and value of the labor that he or she contributed. That way, highly productive workers will receive more wages and benefits than workers of average productivity, and substantially more than workers of low productivity. What is more, the more difficult the job is, the more one is rewarded for the labor contributed. Difficulty can result from factors such as greater training requirement, job intensity or safety hazards. According to Trotsky, the idea is to promote productivity. This is done by creating incentives to work harder, longer, and more productively. In the end, the principle comes from capitalism, but will vanish, according to Marx, as work becomes more automated and enjoyable, and as goods become available in greater quantities.
In capitalism, the means of production are owned by a few people; these people are also known as the bourgeoisie. These people do not produce, but they live off the work others do for them. Socialism can fix this issue, because with socialism, the means of production are owned by all people, they are a common good.

Related pages
From each according to his ability, to each according to his need
He who does not work, neither shall he eat

References

Socialism
Takhār () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. The capital is Taloqan. Its salt mines are one of Afghanistan's major mineral resources.

Districts

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Tāloqān (, also Tāleqān or Tāluqān) is the capital of Takhar Province, in northern Afghanistan. It is in the Taluqan District. About 196,400 people live in the city.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Maidan Wardak Province (also spelled Maidan Wardag, or Maidan Vardak,  , ) is one of thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the central east part of Afghanistan. About 540,100 people live in the province. The capital is Maidan Shar.

Districts

References
Maidan Shar ( - Maidān Šhār; ; also Maydan, Meydan, Maidan) is the capital of Wardak Province, Afghanistan. About 35,008 people live in the town as of 2003.

On 21 January 2019, over 100 people were killed in a terrorist attack.

Economy
Most of the people in Maidan Shar do agriculture, livestock, gardening and trade. Many of the people are poor.

Education
By the end of 2008, there were a total of 14 schools with about 9268 students. There were about 275 teachers teaching in these schools.

People 

 Zarifa Ghafari, former mayor of Maidan Shar, was one of the first female Mayors in Afghanistan

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Maidan Wardak Province
Zabul () is a historic province in southern Afghanistan. Qalat is the capital. About 275,100 people live in the province. The major ethnic group is Pashtun.

Districts 

Zabul is surrounded by Paktika and Ghzani provinces in the east, Urozgan province in the north, Kandahar province in west and southwest, and Balochistan state of Pakistan in south. 

Around 800,000 people live in Zabul. Most of them live in Shahjoi, Arghandab and Kalat city.

Almond, grapes, apricots, wheat, and vegetables are the main agricultural products of Zabul. About 80% of the people are farmers.

The current governor of Zabul province is Bissmillah Afghanmal, son of Haji Mauladad Momand, born in Kandahar in 1976.

Transportation 

In 2006, the province's first airstrip was opened near Qalat.  It was for the Afghan National Army.  The airstrip is not paved.

References 

Provinces of Afghanistan
Qalat () is a town in southern Afghanistan.  It is the capital of Zabul Province. It is linked by a highway with Kandahar to the west and Ghazni to the east. In 2006, Zabul's first airstrip was built near Qalat.

References 

Cities in Afghanistan
The afghani is the type of money used in Afghanistan.  100 pul make 1 afghani.  Pul coins are not used any longer.  In 2005, coins with a value of 1, 2 and 5 Afghani were made.

References

Afghanistan
Currency of Asia
The Pamir languages are a group of the Eastern Iranian languages. Many people in the Pamir Mountains, mostly along the Panj River speak the language. This includes the Badakhshan Province of northeastern Afghanistan and the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province of eastern Tajikistan. Smaller communities can be found in areas of Pakistan. The only other living member of the Southeastern Iranian languages is Pashto.

Languages of Pakistan
Iranian languages
Languages of Tajikistan
Languages of Afghanistan
Durrës is the second largest city of Albania.  It is on the central Albanian coast, about  west of the capital Tirana. It is one of the most ancient and economically important cities of Albania. Durrës is at one of the narrower points of the Adriatic Sea.  It is opposite the Italian ports of Bari ( away) and Brindisi ( away). Durrës is home to Albania's main port, the Port of Durrës.  The Aleksandër Moisiu University is here. The town has about 115,550 people. Durrës was the national capital from 7 March 1914 until 11 February 1920 .

Climate
Durrës has a typical Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool winters. The average of water temperature in Durrës is from  in February to  in August. The summer in Durrës starts from May to middle of October .
History 
Durrës was founded as a Greek colony, in 627 BC. It was called Epidamnos by the Greeks, and Epidamnus by the Romans. Around 436 BC there was a civil war, which caused the Peloponnesian War. Around 200 BC,  Plautus wrote a comeny, Menaechmi, which takes plce in Epidamos. After the Illyro-Roman Wars Epidamnos became a Roman protectorate. It changed its name to Dyrrhachium (Dyrrháchion Δυρράχιον in Greek).  They also built the Via Egnatia, which linked Dyrrachium to Byzantium. It was the contiuation of the Via Appia, which ended in Brindisi, 150km away across the Adriatic Sea.

References

Cities in Albania
Durrës County
This is a list of municipalities () of Albania.  They are sorted by county and by district.

List of municipalities 

Albania
Geography of Albania
Elbasan is a city in central Albania. It is on the Shkumbin River in the District of Elbasan and the County of Elbasan.  It is one of the largest cities in Albania.  There are about 79,810 people.

References

Cities in Albania
Elbasan County
Vlorë is a city in Albania. It is the second largest port city of Albania. There are 79,948 people who live here. It is on the Adriatic Sea, almost surrounded by mountains.

Vlorë is where the Albanian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on November 28, 1912. The city was for a short time the capital of Albania.

Vlora is one of the oldest cities of Albania. It was formed by Ancient Greeks in the 6th century BC.

The University of Vlora is the second largest in Albania.

References

Cities in Albania
6th-century BC establishments
Vlorë County
Albania is divided into 36 districts. Districts are grouped into counties or prefectures, of which there are 12. The districts are:

1. Berat
2. Bulqizë
3. Delvinë
4. Devoll
5. Dibër
6. Durrës
7. Elbasan
8. Fier
9. Gjirokastër
10. Gramsh
11. Has
12. Kavajë
13. Kolonjë
14. Korçë
15. Krujë
16. Kuçovë
17. Kukës
18. Kurbin

19. Lezhë
20. Librazhd
21. Lushnjë
22. Malësi e Madhe
23. Mallakastër
24. Mat
25. Mirditë
26. Peqin
27. Përmet
28. Pogradec
29. Pukë
30. Sarandë
31. Shkodër
32. Skrapar
33. Tepelenë
34. Tirana
35. Tropojë
36. Vlorë
The flag of Albania () is a red flag, with a silhouetted black double-headed eagle in the centre.

Albania
National symbols of Albania
The coat of arms of Albania is similar to the flag of Albania.  It is based on the seal of Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg.  The picture above the head of the two-headed eagle is the helmet of Skanderbeg.  The helmet also has billy goats' horns.

Albania
National symbols of Albania
Bamir Myrteza Topi (born 24 April 1957 in Tirana) is an Albanian diplomat and politician. He served as President of Albania from 2007 to 2012.

References 

1957 births
Living people
European diplomats
Politicians from Tirana
Presidents of Albania
Veterinarians
Sali Berisha (born 15 October 1944) is an Albanian politician.  He was the Prime Minister from 2005 to 2013. He was the President of Albania from 1992 to 1997.

References

1944 births
Living people
Presidents of Albania
Prime Ministers of Albania
The Godfather Part III is a 1990 American crime drama movie directed and produced by Francis Ford Coppola, that stars Al Pacino and Diane Keaton. The movie is set in 1989 and 1990. It is the sequel to The Godfather and The Godfather Part II. It received mixed to positive reviews and did well at the box office. This movie was released December 25, 1990 in the United States.

Release dates

Media interest
The final scenes of the movie were filmed at the Teatro Massimo in Palermo, where the uncle of Francis Ford Coppola, the composer and conductor Anton Coppola, is shown conducting the opera, Cavalleria rusticana.

Other websites 

1990 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American gangster movies
American sequel movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in Rome
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies directed by Francis Ford Coppola
Movies about atonement
The architecture of Singapore shows influences and styles from different places and periods. Singapore architecture may be divided into two periods: the more traditional pre-World War II colonial period, and the modern post-war and post-colonial period.

Pre-colonial architecture

Malay houses built in the 'kampong' style were common before the British came..

Colonial period

After the British established a settlement near the mouth of the Singapore River in 1819, building construction in Singapore changed. The new settlement was small but very urban. Merchants built warehouses right next to each other along Boat Quay. Risk of fire became a problem because the buildings were so close together and had many valuable goods inside. Builders switched to brick masonry with clay tiled roofs, to reduce the fire hazard. Bricks and tiles were made at kilns on the island, and the mortar and plaster was made by grinding up corals from sea around Singapore.
Shophouse
 Shophouses are common style of building in Southeast Asia. They are usually two or three storeys high. Each shophouse is usually very narrow and part of a long row of terraced buildings. But, shophouses may be very deep front to back. The first floor is usually for business and the upper floors are for living.

The front of the building usually has a covered area called the "five foot ways".  An 1822 law in Singapore said that all houses made of brick or tiles should be similar in the front.  They should have an open arcade making an open passage on each side of the street. This style of building shophouses soon spread to other states in British Malaya. More rules said that the verandah ways should be .at least seven feet from the edge of the road and the walkway must be at least five feet wide.
Black and White bungalow
A bungalow is usually a small one or one-and-half storey home with deep verandahs. In Singapore, Many Europeans lived in bungalows from the 19th century until World War II. They are called Black and Whites for their white paint and dark wood.

These homes were similar to the UK's Arts and Crafts and Art Deco movements. They were built large enough to give rich families homes with light, air, and space. Black-and-Whites were built by wealthy families, successful businesses, the Public Works Department, and the British Armed Forces. Many are still homes today, but some have become shops, restaurants, or bars.

Art Deco
Art Deco

Singapore has many Art Deco buildings from the 1920s and 1930s. The style was especially popular in commercial architecture, like factories and offices. Sometimes the style was only on the surface. Often, Art Deco style ornaments were added to typical shophouses or bungalows. The Art Deco period was important as a style, but also for bringing modern construction technologies like reinforced concrete to Singapore.

Modern architecture
Singaporean architecture moved to a modern direction after the war. The need to save money meant less spending on ornaments or features that only looked good. Simple forms and surfaces became more common. Modern architecture was also better for building many public buildings with the same or similar designs such as schools, clinics, factories, and especially public housing.

Public housing
Public housing

Public housing started in Singapore in the 1930s. The Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT) carried out a building programme because there was not enough housing in the city. The SIT mainly built housing for middle and lower-middle class Asians at first. The Tiong Bahru estate is a typical example. It is a group of four-storey Art Deco style apartment blocks, shops, and markets outside the city center. After the war, the style changed from Art Deco to a simple, modern style.

1970s to present

Modern architecture was most important during the 1970s and 1980s. Brutalist architecture was common. Some older commercial buildings, such as the OCBC Centre by I. M. Pei, and many government office buildings are examples of this style.

Related pages
 Shophouse
 Black and white bungalow
 National Monuments of Singapore
 Public housing in Singapore

Further reading
 Powell, Robert (2004) Singapore Architecture: A short history Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd, Hong Kong

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

Buildings and structures in Singapore
Architecture
The County of Berat is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Berat, Kuçovë, and Skrapar. Its capital is Berat. It is 123 km south of Tirana, the capital of Albania.

References
The County of Dibër is one of the 12 counties of Albania.  The districts are Bulqizë, Dibër, and Mat. Its capital is Peshkopi.

Dibër County
The County of Durrës is one of the 12 counties of Albania.  It has the districts Durrës and Krujë. Its capital is Durrës.
The County of Elbasan is one of the 12 counties of Albania.  It has districts  Elbasan, Gramsh, Librazhd and Peqin. Its capital is Elbasan.

Elbasan County
Diarchy (or dyarchy) is a form of government where two people are usually the heads of state. The word comes from the Greek δι- "two elements" and ἀρχή, "rule" (from ἄρχω; -αρχία is a derived suffix). The term duumvirate is a hyponym (from Latin duumvirātus, "male diarchy") but some people use it erroneously for women. 

Historical examples Diarchies are Sparta, The Roman Republic and at one point India

Modern diarchies 
Diarchies are very uncommon in the modern day. However, there are a few that remain.
The Principality of Andorra is a small country in Western Europe. The two heads of state are the Co-Princes of Andorra. As per a historic treaty, the Co-Princes are the Bishop of Urgell and the Ruler of France. The current Co-Princes are Emmanuel Macron and Joan Enric Vives Sicília.
  The Kingdom of Eswatini is a country in Africa. The King and his mother are the joint heads of state.
  The Republic of San Marino is a small country in Southern Europe. It is the oldest republic in the world. The two heads, the Captains Regent, are elected by the legislature every six months.

Monarchy
Forms of government
The Head of Government is the main person in charge of the government of the Principality of Andorra.

The current Cap de Govern is Xavier Espot Zamora.

Heads of Government of Andorra (1982–present)

Related pages
Co-Princes of Andorra

 

Andorra
The Co-Princes of Andorra are the two rulers of the Principality of Andorra. Andorra is a tiny landlocked nation in the Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain. Currently, the Bishop of Urgell and the President of France are Andorra's co-princes.

History 
In 988, Count Borrell II of Urgell gave the land of Andorra to the Bishop of Urgell. In 1095, the Bishop of Urgell feared that the Count wanted to take over Andorra again. He asked for help from the Lord of Caboet. The two became co-rulers of Andorra.

Eventually, the Lord's title passed on to the Count of Foix. In 1278, it was officially agreed that Andorra's sovereignty would be shared between the Bishop and the Count.

Through inheritance, the Foix title passed on to the King of France, whose position would be replaced by the President of France when it became a republic.
A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, with the title of president, is in charge of an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation of powers. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state. 

The first true presidential system was created during the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787.

References

Forms of government
Juan Luis Vives (), also Joan Lluís Vives i March () (6 March 1493 – 6 May 1540), was a Valencian Spanish scholar and humanist. He lived during the reign of Charles I of Spain (technically under Philip II of Spain, as Charles was more preoccupied with the Holy Roman Empire). He caused great upset during this period of time, as the Church wanted religious unity and his beliefs caused more religious contradications to what the Inquisition and Philip wanted.

He descended from conversos (converts)- his parents had practiced the Jewish faith. He was offered a position at Alcala University but after the burning of his father, he could not take up this post. Vives had to leave Spain.

1493 births
1540 deaths
Humanists
Spanish scientists
People from Valencia
Alexey Arhipovsky (; May 15, 1967) – is a Russian balalaika virtuoso player.
He was born in the town of Tuapse, Krasnodar Territory, Russia on May 15, 1967. His father played the garmon and accordion. At the age of 9, Arhipovsky started at musical school to study the balalaika. Later he entered Gnessin State Musical College, the department of folk instruments, class – balalaika. Upon graduation, he entered the Smolensk folk orchestra as a soloist-balalaika.

In 1985 he became a laureate of the Contest of Folk Instrument Performers in Russia. Since 1998 he toured around Russia and abroad with the State Academic Folk Ensemble "Rossiya" Russia directed by Lyudmila Zykina.

Since 2002 he cooperated with Stas Namin, the musician, composer, and record producer. Arhipovsky took part in festivals of Russian culture in the United States, China, South Korea, Germany, France, Spain and Bulgaria. He participated in jazz festivals in Russia and abroad, in radio and TV programmes.
During his tours, fans compared his performance with Paganini and Jimi Hendrix.

 Critics have dubbed him the “Paganini of the Russian balalaika”.

He recorded a DVD album Alexey Arhipovsky in 2009.

In 2009, he was invited to participate in the opening ceremony of the second semi-final of the Eurovision song contest in Moscow.

References

Russian musicians
1967 births
Living people
The name Kate [ keyt ] is a girl's name. It's a variant of the name Katherine. The name Kate comes from the Greek name Katherine, which means "pure" or "clear." A woman named Saint Catherine of Alexandria, who lived during the fourth century and was known for her intelligence and beauty, helped to popularize the name among Christians. During medieval times, Catherine was a favorite name among royals and nobles in Europe. Many well-known women throughout history have also gone by this name. This name was ranked #413 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People 

 Kate Winslet, English actress
 Kate Beckinsale, British actress
 Kate Hudson, American actress

References

Given names
The County of Fier is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts of Fier, Lushnjë and Mallakastër. The capital is Fier. Fier's western edge is the shoreline of the Adriatic Sea.

Fier County
Gjirokastër County is one of the 12 counties of Albania.  It has the districts Gjirokastër, Përmet, and Tepelenë.  The capital is Gjirokastër. There are some Greek people who live here.  To the southeast, Gjirokastër shares a border with Greece.

References

Gjirokastër County
The County of Korçë is one of the 12 counties of Albania.  It is in the eastern part of the country.  It is the largest county of Albania. The districts are Devoll, Kolonjë, Korçë and Pogradec. The capital is Korçë.

The county borders North Macedonia to the northeast and Greece to the southeast. 

Korçë County
The County of Kukës is one of the 12 counties of Albania.  The districts are  Has, Kukës and Tropojë. The capital is Kukës. To the east, Kukës borders Kosovo. The northwest  borders Montenegro. The southeast borders North Macedonia.  

Kukës County
Lezhë County is one of the 12 counties of Albania.  It has the districts Kurbin, Lezhë and Mirditë.  The capital is Lezhë.

Lezhë has a small western shoreline on the Adriatic Sea.

Demographics 
According to the last national census from 2011 this county has 134,027 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the county include:
Albanians = 116,469 (86.90%)
Greeks = 41 (0.03%)
Macedonians = 9 (0.01%)
Montenegrins = 8 (0.01%)
Aromanians = 15 (0.01%)
Romani = 187 (0.14%)
Egyptians = 240 (0.18%)
others = 18 (0.01%)
no answer = 17,040 (12.71%)

Lezhë County
Shkodër County is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Malësi e Madhe, Pukë and Shkodër. The capital is the city of Shkodër. The majority of the population is Catholic.

In its southwest, Shkodër County has a small shoreline on the Adriatic Sea.  The northern border is Montenegro.

Shkodër County
Tirana County (), formally the County of Tirana (), the county is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Kavajë and Tirana.  The capital is Tirana. There are 800,347 people.  It has the most people of the Counties of Albania.

Ishëm River and the Tiranë River both flow through the city.

Dajti National Park is 26 km east of the capital of Tirana.

References

Tirana County
The County of Vlorë is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Delvinë, Sarandë and Vlorë.  The capital is Vlorë. There are about 211,773 people who live here.
Vlorë's western and southern edges are the shorelines of the Strait of Otranto.  It also has a small border with Greece. There are some Greek people who live here.

References

Vlorë County
Berat is a town in south-central Albania.  It is the capital of both the District of Berat and the larger County of Berat. About 71,000 people live here. Berat is on the right bank of the river Osum.

References

Cities in Albania
Berat County
Peshkopi is a city in Dibër District, Dibër County, northeastern Albania.  It is the capital of both.

It is  away from Tirana, the capital of Albania, and  from North Macedonia. About 14,100 people live here.

Peshkopi is east of the Black Drin river.

There is a branch of Aleksandër Moisiu University.

Cities in Albania
Dibër County
The List of World Heritage Sites in Japan is a group of places chosen by UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

History
UNESCO was created for the "conservation and protection of the world’s inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science". The constitution of UNESCO was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries.

Japan agreed to take part in the World Heritage Convention on 30 June 1992.

List
The World Heritage Site (WHS) list has developed over time.  It is part of a process; and the list continues to grow.

As of 2012, there are 16 WHS places in Japan. 
 12 cultural sites  
 4 natural sites

There are 12 sites which are on a tentative list.

Table

Tentative List
The Tentative List consists of sites which have been nominated.  The evaluation process is not yet completed.
Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological Sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties
 Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki
 Fujisan
 Hikone-Jo (castle)
 Jômon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidô, Northern Tôhoku, and other regions
 Main Building of the National Museum of Western Art
 Modern Industrial Heritage Sites in Kyûshû and Yamaguchi
 Mozu-Furuichi Kofungun, Ancient Tumulus Clusters
 Okinoshima Island and Related Sites in Munakata Region
 Sado complex of heritage mines, primarily gold mines
 Temples, Shrines and other structures of Ancient Kamakura
 Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Industrial Heritage

In January 2012 the Japanese government requested the inscription of the tentative sites of Kamakura and Mount Fuji in 2013, with plans to request the inscription in 2014 of The Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Industrial Heritage. The Amami and Ryūkyū Islands (Yanbaru) have been selected for nomination as a joint fifth Natural Site and a study panel is to be formed to consider a sixth candidate site.
Related pages
 UNESCO World Heritage Site

References

Other websites

 UNESCO, World Heritage Sites
 GoJapan, World Heritage Sites  
 Agency for Cultural Affairs, http://www.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index.asp ; http://www.bunka.go.jp/bunkashingikai/sekaibunkaisan/08/pdf/sankou_1_4.pdf 
  List of biosphere reserves which are wholly or partially world heritage sites

Japan
Fieri is a city in southwest Albania.  It is the capital of the district and county of the same name. About 82,297 people live in Fier. Fier is  from the ruins of the ancient Greek city of Apollonia.

References

Cities in Albania
Fier County
Gjirokastër is a city in southern Albania.  There are about 43,000 people who live here. It is the capital of both the Gjirokastër District and the larger Gjirokastër County. Gjirokastër is between the Gjerë mountains and the Drino River. The Eqerem Çabej University is in the city.

References

Cities in Albania
Gjirokastër County
Korçë is a city in southeastern Albania.  It is the capital of the Korçë District.  About 105,000 people live here. It is the sixth largest city in Albania.

The city has Fan Noli University.

References

Cities in Albania
Korçë County
Kukës is a town in Albania.  It the capital of Kukës District and Kukës County. About 16,000 people live here. The town is in the mountains of northern Albania. It is famous because during the Kosovo conflict they took 450,000 refugees from Kosovo (Serbia). Because of this, it was nominated for the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize.  It was the first time a town was nominated for the prize.

References

Cities in Albania
Kukës County
Lezhë is a city in northwest Albania. It is the capital of Lezhë District and Lezhë County. About 27,500 people live here. The majority of the population is Catholic.

The city was formed around 385 BC as a Greek colony by the name of Lissos.

References

Cities in Albania
Lezhë County
Year 385 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Capitolinus, Cornelius, Capitolinus, Papirius, Capitolinus and Fidenas

Events 
 By place 
 Greece 
 Jason of Pherae becomes tyrant of Thessaly.
 Dionysius I of Syracuse attempts to restore Alcetas I of Epirus to the throne.
 Bardyllis becomes king of Illyria and the Dardani and forms the Bardyllian Dynasty.

 By topic 
 Education 
 Plato forms his Academy, teaching mathematics, astronomy and other sciences as well as philosophy. It is dedicated to the Attic hero Academus. Philanthropists pay all costs; students pay no fees.

 Astronomy 
 Democritus announces that the Milky Way is composed of many stars.

References
Tap dancing  is a type of dance. Its main feature is the sound made by tap shoes hitting the floor. Tap dancers wear special shoes with metal pieces on the toes and heels. 

There are two main types of tap dance: rhythm (Jazz) tap and Broadway tap. Broadway tap is more about the dance. It is often done in musical theater. Rhythm tap is more about the sound of the tapping.

In tap dancing dancers use their shoes to tap the floor like drummers.  The sound you get from the tap shoe depends on how hard you hit the floor, and what part of your foot you use.

Other websites

Dance types
is a Japanese city in eastern Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

History

In the Edo period, Mishima-juku was the 11th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

Related pages
 The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō

References

Other websites

 http://www.city.mishima.shizuoka.jp/foreign/e/index.html# 

Cities in Shizuoka Prefecture
Shkodër is a city in northwestern Albania.  It is the capital of Shkodër District. It is one of the oldest towns in Albania. There are about 74,876 people in the city.  It is near the Lake of Shkodër. 

Luigj Gurakuqi University of Shkodër is in the city.  It is an important school in Albania. Shkodër is also the home of Loro-Boriçi Stadium, the second biggest stadium in Albania. The majority of the population is Catholic.

References

Cities in Albania
Shkodër County
Isadora Duncan (May 27, 1877 – September 14, 1927) was an American dancer. She was an inspiration for modern dance.

Duncan was born in San Francisco, California. She preferred natural movement, instead of what she called the artificial movements of ballet. Her 'free dance movement' was based on simple, flowing movements of the body. It was inspired by nature, and by ancient Greek sculptures. Costumes were flowing and transparent. Dances involved simple runs, skips and jumps, big gestures and mime.

Duncan was wildly unconventional. A bisexual who had two children but did not marry either of their fathers, she became a communist, and boasted about it. She went to the Soviet Union in 1922, but left in less than two years. At different times she lived in Paris, London and other European cities. She started dance schools in Moscow, Berlin and Paris. The schools did not last long, but Duncan had admirers who have continued her influence to the present day.
Private life 
Duncan's private life was tragic. Both her children were killed in a strange accident on the River Seine in 1913. The children were in a car with their nanny when the car stalled as the driver tried to avoid a collision. He got out to hand-crank the engine, but forgot to put the brake on. The car rolled across the road, down the bank and into the river. The children and their nanny drowned. Duncan married poet Sergei Yesenin (1895–1925) in 1922. He left her in 1923, and hanged himself two years later.

Death 
Duncan liked long, flowing scarves. One of these scarves caused her own death. As The New York Times noted in its obituary: "Isadora Duncan, the American dancer, tonight met a tragic death at Nice on the Riviera. According to dispatches from Nice, Miss Duncan was hurled in an extraordinary manner from an open automobile in which she was riding and instantly killed". At her death, Duncan was a Soviet citizen.
"Isadora Duncan’s death was as dramatic as her life. On September 14, 1927, she encountered a young driver in Nice, France and suggested he take her for a spin in his open-air Bugatti sports car. As the car took off, she reportedly shouted to her friends, "Adieu, mes amis, je vais a la gloire!" — “Goodbye my friends, I go to glory!" Moments later, her trailing shawl became entangled in the rear wheel, breaking her neck instantly".

Born in the United States, she lived in Europe from the age of 22 until her death at age 50. In the United States she was popular only in New York, and then only later in her life.
Legacy 
Her work was continued by some of her six adopted daughters. They were her pupils, the Isadorables, who continued to teach her methods after her death. There have been several revivals of interest in Duncan. There was a film, Isadora (1969) by Karl Reisz. There were two ballets. Five Brahms Waltzes in the Manner of Isadora by Frederick Ashton had its first show in 1976. Kenneth Macmillan created a two-act ballet Isadora for the Royal Ballet (1981).

In New York her tradition has passed to third generation Duncan dancer Lori Belilove. She founded The Isadora Duncan Dance Foundation in 1979 and The Isadora Duncan Dance Company  in 1989.

Her ideas on natural dance influenced a wide range of other dancers. Some of the ideas of the Denishawn School of Dancing are quite Duncanesque, and the growth of modern dance in general owes something to her.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Archive film of Anna Duncan dancing a piece by Isadora Duncan in 1942 at Jacob's Pillow.  Anna Duncan was one of her adopted daughters.

1877 births
1927 deaths
Accidental deaths in France
American dancers
Bisexual people
American communists
LGBT dancers
Artists from San Francisco
Road accident deaths
The District of Berat is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Berat County. About 117,066 people live in the district. The capital is Berat. Other cities in this district are Polican and Ura Vajgurore.

References

Districts of Berat County
The District of Kuçovë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Berat County. About 34,907 people live in the district. The capital is Kuçovë.

References

Districts of Berat County
The District of Bulqizë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Dibër County. About 28,374, people live in the district.The capital is Bulqizë.

References

Districts of Dibër County
The District of Delvinë or District of Delvina is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Vlorë County. About 11,985 people live in the district.  Many of them are Greek. The capital is Delvinë.

References

Districts of Vlorë County
The District of Devoll is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Korçë County.  The name is from the Devoll River flowing through the valley. About 33,785 people live in the district. The capital is Bilisht.

References

Districts of Korçë County