Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Cultural references 
The title of this episode is a play on both the song 'Round Midnight by Thelonious Monk and the movie of the same name about an unhappy jazz musician.

Bleeding Gums Murphy appears to Lisa in a cloud near the end of the episode with Darth Vader, Mufasa, and James Earl Jones saying "This is CNN". Despite the fact that all three characters were voiced by Jones, the characters in this scene were impersonated by cast member Harry Shearer; Jones himself guest-starred in two episodes before. Additionally, Mufasa accidentally said "Kimba". He corrects himself by saying "Simba". This is a reference to controversy regarding The Lion King'''s similarity to the anime show Kimba the White Lion. Lisa and Bleeding Gums play Carole King's song "Jazzman" in this scene and in the hospital earlier in the episode. Bleeding Gums has to leave at the end of the scene because he has a date with the jazz singer Billie Holiday. for the TV Show ER.
Bleeding Gums appears on an episode of The Cosby Show. This is a reference to Cosby often getting jazz musicians he liked to appear on the show; in the episode, Cosby is voiced by The Simpsons regular Dan Castellaneta. Lionel Hutz' "crack team of lawyers" Robert Shapiro and Albert Dershman are parodies of Robert Shapiro and Alan Dershowitz, two of the defense attorneys at the O.J. Simpson murder case. The three drive away in a white Ford Bronco, the same car O.J. Simpson drove in his televised low-speed pursuit before his arrest.
Production 
This was the first episode directed by Steven Dean Moore. Joshua Sternin and Jeffrey Ventimilia, who were writers on The Critic and were big fans of The Simpsons, were happy to be able to write an episode.The original story was based on a story idea by Al Jean and Mike Reiss. The main story of the episode's first act sees Bart get appendicitis from eating a jagged metal Krusty-O. Mike Reiss's father, being a doctor, "sort of" acted as the medical consultant on this episode. He stated that "you can't get" appendicitis from eating a piece of metal, but the writers decided to do it anyway. In his flashback, Murphy is shown as having a "$1,500 a day Fabergé egg habit"; Jean "didn't realize just how expensive" Fabergé eggs actually were, so the joke does not make much sense.
Reception 
"'Round Springfield" finished 60th on its American broadcast in the ratings for the week of April 24 to 30, 1995. It received a Nielsen rating of 8.2. The episode was the fourth highest-rated show on the Fox network that week. Mike Reiss and Al Jean thought that the episode would "get a ton of awards", and joked that this was why they opted to receive a story credit, which they usually would not. Ultimately it did not win any awards.
Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, who were the authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide found that it was "a real tear-jerker" and praised Grampa believing everything he saw was death. Ryan Keefer of DVD Verdict rated the episode a "B". Adam Finley of TV Squad liked the episode. He liked its many "great moments" including "Steve Allen pimping his books on TV: How to Make Love to Steve Allen; Happiness is a Naked Steve Allen; Journey to the Center of Steve Allen; The Joy of Cooking Steve Allen" and "Moe running a "retox" clinic right next to a detox clinic".

On the bad review side, Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide called the episode "dull" stating that "some of the moments connected to Bart's illness are funny," but that he "really hate[s] that "Jazzman" song" and dislikes "the Bleeding Gums parts."
Popularity 
In the episode, budget cuts at Springfield Elementary School force the janitor Groundskeeper Willie to be used as a French teacher. Expressing his disdain for French people, he exclaims to his class: "Bonjour, you cheese-eatin' surrender monkeys." This quote, particularly the phrase "cheese-eating surrender monkeys", has since been more widely used. It was used particularly in the run-up to the war in Iraq, having been popularized by the right-wing National Review journalist Jonah Goldberg, to describe European and especially French opposition to military action. It was once noted that the phrase was "made acceptable in official diplomatic channels around the globe". Ben Macintyre has written that the phrase is "perhaps the most famous" of the show's coinages and since Goldberg's usage it "has gone on to become a journalistic cliché."
It has subsequently been used by the New York Post (as "Surrender Monkeys") as the headline for its December 7, 2006, front page, referring to the Iraq Study Group and its recommendation that U.S. soldiers be withdrawn from Iraq by early 2008. Articles in the Daily Mail have used the phrase in reference the French's "attitude problem", and the "muted" European reaction to the death of Osama Bin Laden, while The Daily Telegraph has cited it in relation to Anglo-French military cooperation. The term has been used in books by commentator Laura Ingraham, and academics Stuart Croft, Stephen Chan, and Paul L. Moorcraft and Philip M. Taylor. Ned Sherrin included the quote in the Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations; it was introduced in the third edition in 2005. It is also included in the Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations. Douglas Coupland's 2009 novel Generation A'' refers to Groundskeeper Willie's use of the phrase.
The line was "probably" written by Ken Keeler during one of the episode's re-write sessions, although none of those present on the episode's DVD audio commentary could remember for sure. The writers were surprised it became as widely used as it did and never meant it as a political statement, merely as an "obnoxious" joke for Willie. The French dub of the show uses the line "singes mangeurs de fromage", eliding the word "surrender".

References

Other websites 

The Simpsons (season 6) episodes
1995 television episodes
There are five counties of Hawaii on the Hawaiian Islands in the United States. Counties are the only lower governments in the State of Hawaii. This is unusual in the United States. Most states include city governments, township governments, or other local authorities. The Hawaii State Department of Education is in charge of Hawaii's public education, because there are no local school boards to operate schools.  People in Hawaii pay property taxes and user fees to the county they live in to help pay for road maintenance, community activities, parks, garbage disposal, police, ambulances, and fire departments. All the counties in Hawaii were formed in 1905 from unorganized territory, seven years after the Territory of Hawaii was created. The county of Kalawao is very small because it used to be a leper colony, so it does not as have many elected officials as the other counties do.
County information
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code below is a code which is used by the United States government to keep track of all the counties. It can be used to find more information on that county. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county. The county seat is the city, town or village where the county government is actually located.

|}

References

Hawaii-related lists
Hawaii
There are 14 counties in the U.S. state of Vermont. These counties together contain 255 political units, or places, including 237 towns, 9 cities, 5 unincorporated areas, and 4 gores. Each county has a county seat, known in Vermont as shire town. In 1779, Vermont had two counties. The western side of the state was called Bennington County and the eastern was called Cumberland County. In 1781, Cumberland County was made into three counties in Vermont plus another county named Washington (not the same as the modern Washington County) that then became part of New Hampshire. Today's Washington County was known as Jefferson County from its start in 1810 until it was renamed in 1814. Essex County, Orleans County, and Caledonia County are commonly called the Northeast Kingdom.

List

Notes
  There are several sources that state the formation year for Windham County is 1781 and that Cumberland County was dissolved rather than renamed.

References

Vermont
Ghost Dance
During the 1890's, a Native American shaman, named Wovoka, began teaching people about his visions for the future. He said the living would join with the dead, and the prairies would be covered in new soil. This would bury the European settlers, and life would return to the way it had been with lots of bison and other animals to hunt. To make this happen, he told people they would have to perform the Ghost Dance. The dancers wore brightly colored shirts with pictures of bison and eagles. They believed the shirts had magic powers which would protect them from bullets. The Ghost Dance caused a lot of excitement in the Sioux camps. European settlers were worried by these beliefs and the sight of wild and crazy people dancing in the snow. They demanded protection from the army.
Massacre
The army was sent in to the Native American camps to arrest the leaders and take away their weapons until things settled down. Chief Sitting Bull was killed when the army tried to arrest him at Standing Rock Reservation of December 15, 1890. The army then went to arrest Chief Big Foot. On December 28, the army found Chief Big Foot, who was leading his people south to the Pine Ridge Reservation, near the Wounded Knee Creek. The next morning Chief Big Foot met with Colonel Forsyth.

During the meeting a shot was fired, and very quickly both groups began shooting at each other. The army had Hotchkiss cannons which fired into the tepees. Many women and children were caught in the gunfire. When the shooting stopped over 300 people had been killed.

References

History of South Dakota
Massacres in the United States
War crimes
1890s in the United States
A television producer is a person who oversees one or more aspects of video production on a television program. Some producers take more of an executive role, in that they conceive new programs and pitch them to the television networks, but upon acceptance they focus on business matters, such as budgets and contracts. Other producers are more involved with the day-to-day workings, participating in activities such as screenwriting, set design, casting, and directing.

There are a variety of different producers on a television show. A traditional producer is one who manages a show's budget and maintains a schedule, but this is no longer the case in modern television.

Related pages
 Television director
 Television presenter
Television producers
Tok Pisin (pronounced: ) is a market language used in parts of the South Pacific, mainly Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, but also in areas of Vanuatu, where a second language known as Bislama is also spoken.  A market language is one which is used as an everyday language between people who don't speak a common language.

Tok Pisin is a Creole language, meaning that it's a mixture of other languages, mainly English, German and Tahitian.    

Languages of Oceania
Pidgins and creoles
Emmanuel Sanders (born March 17, 1987) is an American football wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Steelers in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. Sanders played college football at Southern Methodist University. He also played for the Denver Broncos from 2014 to 2019.

College
Sanders spent his college football career at Southern Methodist University.

Professional career

Pittsburgh Steelers
Sanders was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 3rd round (#82 overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. With the Steelers, Sanders played as a solid backup behind Hines Ward, Antonio Brown, and Mike Wallace. Sanders missed a Week 9 game on November 6, 2011 against the Baltimore Ravens because his mother died. For his career, Sanders has a total of 50 catches for 664 yards and 4 touchdowns.

References

Living people
American football wide receivers
Pittsburgh Steelers players
1987 births
Sportspeople from Texas
San Francisco 49ers players
Bean queen (sometimes rice and bean queen) is a derogatory slang term. The term refers to a white gay man who is chiefly attracted to Hispanic and Latino men.

One source describes these white gay males as "Gay men who are attracted to gentlemen of the Latino flava." "Bean queen" is probably derived from "rice queen". This term refers to a gay white male who is attracted to Asian men. In this case, the word rice (the food that forms the basis of the Asian diet) has been substituted with the word bean or rice and bean, foods popular throughout Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Other food-based variations include taco queen and salsa queen. Refried beans refers to Hispanic and Latino men who prefer other Hispanic and Latino men. Much less frequently, these terms are used to describe gay Latino men themselves. The term is also used in a derogatory manner when referring to a drag queen of Hispanic or Latino background.

References 

Gay slang
Drag queen is a gay slang term. It refers to a person who dresses up and portrays a woman for entertainment purposes. Although men dressed as women are the most common type of drag queen, trans women, female impersonators, and many other people can also be considered a drag queen. Drag queens exaggerate certain characteristics (such as make-up and eyelashes) for comic, dramatic, or satirical effect. Drag queens perform in gay bars. They participate in gay pride parades and drag pageants. They may make appearances at events such as gay rodeos. They generally do not want to pass as women. RuPaul is a drag queen well known through his many television appearances in the 1990s. He is the host of one of, if not the most, famous television show about drag, RuPaul's Drag Race. Movies about drag queens include The Birdcage and The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert.

Gay slang
 
Performing arts
Entertainment occupations
French kisses are kisses in which tongues touch. These kisses are usually romantic. French kisses are usually reserved for those in love.

The Petit Robert 2014 French dictionary, released in 2013, added the French verb "se galocher" as slang for kissing with tongues. The informal English term "frenching" also means French kissing, as does the Quebec French term "frencher".

References 

Human sexuality
RuPaul (born RuPaul Andre Charles on November 17, 1960 in San Diego) is an African-American actor, drag queen, model, author, and singer-songwriter. He first became widely known in the 1990s when he appeared in a wide variety of television programs, films, and musical albums. He was once a fixture on the Atlanta and New York City gay club scenes during the 1980s and early 90s. RuPaul has on occasion performed as a man in a number of roles. He is usually billed as RuPaul Charles. RuPaul is noted among famous drag queens for his indifference towards the gender-specific pronouns used to address him—both "he" and "she" have been deemed acceptable. "You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis and Kathie Lee; I don't care! Just as long as you call me."  He hosted a short-running talk show on VH1. He has hosted reality television shows called RuPaul's Drag Race and RuPaul's Drag U.
In 2020, he learned that he and New Jersey Senator Cory Booker are cousins; they discovered it by appearing on the TV show Finding Your Roots.

References 

1960 births
Living people
Actors from San Diego, California
Singers from San Diego, California
Writers from San Diego, California
African American actors
African-American singers
African American television personalities
African American writers
American television presenters
Drag queens
LGBT actors
LGBT African Americans
LGBT models
LGBT people from California
LGBT singers
LGBT songwriters
American LGBT writers
Gay men
Models from San Diego, California
Musicians from San Diego, California
Singer-songwriters from California
Writers from California
American bloggers
I Hate My Teenage Daughter is an American sitcom first aired on November 30, 2011 on Fox.

On March 15, 2012, Fox announced they were removing I Hate My Teenage Daughter from the Tuesday night schedule, and that I Hate My Teenage Daughter would be replaced by reruns of Raising Hope, and that the remaining episodes would air in the Summer.

References 

2011 American television series debuts
American sitcoms
Fox television series
English-language television programs
Chi Chi LaRue (born Larry David Paciotti on November 8, 1959) is an American movie director of gay, bisexual, and straight pornography. He was born in Hibbing, Minnesota. He is best known in his drag name, Chi Chi LaRue. He has also directed under the names Lawrence David and Taylor Hudson.

References 

1959 births
Living people
American LGBT sex industry people
American movie directors
Drag queens
LGBT directors
People from Hibbing, Minnesota
Pornographic movie directors
AVN Award winners
Lypsinka (born John Epperson on 24 April 1955) is an American drag queen, actor, pianist, vocalist, and writer. Epperson was born in Hazelhurst, Mississippi. He moved to New York City in 1978. He did drag gigs on the side at various nightspots. "Lypsinka" first appeared in 1988 in New York as a late-night addition to Charles Busch's Vampire Lesbians of Sodom. Lypsinka has appeared in solo shows Off-Broadway. Epperson says Lypsinka was modelled on Dolores Gray. For his show Lypsinka! The Boxed Set, Epperson won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Sound Design, the LA Weekly Theater Award for Best Solo Performance, and the Helen Hayes Award for Best Non-resident Production in 2003.

References 

1955 births
Living people
Actors from Mississippi
American LGBT writers
American pianists
Drag queens
LGBT actors
LGBT singers
Singers from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
José Sarria (December 22, 1922 – August 19, 2013) was an American political activist. For many years, he performed in drag at the Black Cat Bar in San Francisco, California.  He ran for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1961, making him the first openly gay candidate for public office in the United States.  A portion of a San Francisco street was named in his honor.
Early life 
Sarria was born in San Francisco to Julio Sarria and Maria Dolores Maldonado on December 22, 1922. His parents did not marry. His father showed no interest in raising him. José's mother tried to raise him on her own. This became too difficult. She placed him with another couple. Both they and his mother indulged his early interest in wearing girls' clothing. Sarria had a talent for languages. This led to his first serious romance with another man. Sarria tutored Paul Kolish. Kolish was an Austrian baron who had fled from the Nazis. Sarria and Kolish fell in love. Their relationship lasted until Kolish and his son were killed in a car accident in 1947.
Drag life 
Sarria served in the United States Army during World War II. He studied to become a teacher after his discharge. He often went to the Black Cat Bar. He met waiter Jimmy Moore. Sarria describes Moore as "the love of [his] life". Sarria was hired as a cocktail waiter. He was convicted on a morals charge. He knew he could not become a certified teacher following his conviction. He began performing as a drag queen. He appeared regularly at the Black Cat. Sarria co-founded several organizations dedicated to gay interests. Sarria became the first openly gay candidate for public office in the United States. He ran for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1961. In 1964 Sarria declared himself "Empress José I, The Widow Norton". He founded the Imperial Court System. The System grew to become an international association of charitable organizations.
Later life 
The Black Cat closed in 1964. Sarria went to work with restaurant operator Pierre Parker. The two operated French restaurants at World's Fairs. Sarria was working at the 1964 New York World's Fair when he learned that Jimmy Moore had died. Sarria worked at several more Fairs before retiring in 1974. Sarria lived with Parker in Phoenix, Arizona for several years, then returned to San Francisco. He continued to reign over the Courts for 43 years. He abdicated in 2007. The city of San Francisco renamed a section of 16th Street in Sarria's honor for his lifetime of activism.

Death 
Sarria died on August 19, 2013 from natural causes in his home in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He was 90 years old.

References 

 Gorman, Michael R. (1998). The Empress is a Man: Stories From the Life of José Sarria. New York, Harrington Park Press: an imprint of Haworth Press.  (paperback edition).
Other websites 
GLBT Historical Society (San Francisco). Holds the personal papers of José Sarria (collection no. 1996-01).
José Sarria  on glbtq.com
José Sarria (as Widow Norton) at the Internet Movie Database
 Widow Norton on International Imperial Court Website 
Photos of the Black Cat Cafe at the San Francisco Public Library Historic Photo Collection

1922 births
2013 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
American political activists
Drag queens
Gay men
LGBT people from California
People from San Francisco
Military people from California
Kuch Toh Log Kahenge is an Indian soap opera television program.  It airs on Sony TV. It first appeared on TV on October 3, 2011. It is a remake of the Pakistani classical TV drama Dhoop Kinare. Kuch Toh Log Kahenge is a love story between two people who have a substantial age gap. It last appeared on TV on March 28, 2013.

At first, actors Kritika Kamra and Mohnish Behl played the two main characters.  Sharad Kelcar was later replaced by :en:Sharad Kelkar.

Plot
Kuch Toh Log Kahenge takes places in a hospital in Lucknow.

Kuch Toh Log Kahenge is a love story between people from two different generations: a young, spirited Dr. Nidhi Verma (age 24) and a brooding and handsome Dr. Ashutosh (age 42). These two people do not know that they have a connection from their past.

Awards
KTLK's entire cast and crew won an award at the 18th Lion Gold Awards.

Cast
Cast

 Kritika Kamra as Dr. Nidhi Verma (female protagonist)
 Mohnish Behl/Sharad Kelkar as Dr. Ashutosh (male protagonist)
 Karan Wahi as Rohan, a friend of Nidhi
 Rukhsar Rehman as Dr. Malika, an old friend of Dr. Ashutosh
 Ishita Sharma as Anji Solanki, a childhood friend of Nidhi
 Vishal Malhotra as Dr. Rangnath
 Puneet Tejwani as Aditya, Brother of Malika
 Nitesh Pandey as Armaan, a childhood friend of Aashutosh
 Vijay Kashyap as Yograj Verma
 Nandita Puri as Shyama Solanki
 Kavita Vaid as Dadi Bua
 Lekha Tiwari as Suhasini
 Mansi Parekh as Mandira

References

Other websites
 Kuch Toh Log Kahenge Official Website
 Kuch To Log Kahenge – The Biggest Romance on Indian Television  
 Kuch To Log Kahenge – Daily Episodes 
 Watch Episodes
 Website (apni.tv)
 KTLK at the Internet Movie Database
 

Soap operas
2011 Indian television series debuts
Natalie Marla West (born January 23, 1956) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Crystal Anderson Conner on the television series Rosanne on ABC.

West has been in some movies. These include Life Sentence (2004) and The Poker House'' (2007).

Other websites 

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from North Dakota
Actors from Indiana
1956 births
Living people
People from Grand Forks, North Dakota
Elisabeth Judson Shue (born October 6, 1963) is an American actress. She is best known for her work in the movies The Karate Kid, Adventures in Babysitting, Cocktail, Back to the Future Parts II and III and Leaving Las Vegas.

Early life
Shue was born in Wilmington, Delaware. Shue's mother was a descendant of Pilgrim religious leader William Brewster. Her father's family moved from Germany to Pennsylvania in the early 19th century. Shue's younger brother, Andrew, is also an actor.

Shue grew up in Bergen and Essex counties in New Jersey. Her parents divorced when she was young. Shue graduated from Columbia High School, in Maplewood, New Jersey. She later studied at Wellesley College and Harvard University. Shue left Harvard early because of her acting career. She returned to Harvard to finish her degree in Government in 2000.

Career

1980s and early 1990s
While in high school, Shue acted in television commercials. She did ads for Burger King, DeBeers diamonds, and Hellman's mayonnaise.
Her first movie role was in 1984. She acted in The Karate Kid. She played the girlfriend of Ralph Macchio. In 1986, she acted with Terrance Stamp in the British horror movie Link. Adventures in Babysitting was her first acting job where she was the main character.

Personal life
Shue is married to movie director Davis Guggenheim. Their son, Miles William, was born on November 11, 1997. She gave birth to her first daughter, Stella Street, on March 19, 2001. Her third child, Agnes Charles, was born on June 18, 2006. Her son's middle name is in honor of her second brother, William. This brother died in 1988 at the age of 26 in a swimming accident.

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 Elisabeth Shue at FEARnet

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Wilmington, Delaware
Actors from New Jersey
1963 births
Living people
Yi See-young (, 3 December 1868 - 19 April 1953) was a politician and independence activist, politicians and Neo-confucian scholars of South Korea. He was first Vice President of South Korea 1948 to 1952. His pen name was Seongjae (성재, 省齋), Seerimshanin(시림산인, 始林山人).

Work book 
 Gamseemanuh(감시만어, 感時漫語)

Related pages 
 Rhee Syng-man
 Kim Gu
 Kim Kyu-sik
 Chang Myon

References

Other websites 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=126966
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=542586

1868 births
1953 deaths
Anti-communists
People of the Korean War
Vice presidents of South Korea
The alveolar approximant is a consonant. It is used in some languages. It is used in English where the letter "r" is used for the sound, as in run or brick. The International Phonetic Alphabet represents the alveolar and postalveolar approximants as ⟨⟩. International Phonetic Alphabet represents it as a lowercase letter r rotated 180 degrees, or in broad transcription ⟨⟩; the X-SAMPA symbol of this is ⟨r\⟩.

Many times the symbol is written as ⟨⟩ instead of ⟨⟩ because typing ⟨⟩ is easier.

Features

Examples

Notes

References

Consonants
Mena Alexandra Suvari (born February 13, 1979) is an American actress, fashion designer, and model. She began acting in guest roles on 1990s television programs such as Boy Meets World and High Incident. She made her movie debut in the 1997 drama movie Nowhere.

Her first major movie roles were in American Beauty and American Pie. Both of these moves were in 1999. She was nominated for a BAFTA Award for American Beauty. Next she was in Loser (2000), with her American Pie co-star, Jason Biggs. In 2001, she played the main character in the comedy movie Sugar & Spice. She was in the 2002 drama Spun and the 2004 thriller Trauma. She was also in the HBO's drama series Six Feet Under in 2004. While working on this series, she was nominated as a member of cast by the Screen Actors Guild for "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series" in 2005.  In 2008, she was cast in a many movies. These incude Day of the Dead, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, and the movie version of The Garden of Eden.
Suvari is a model for Lancôme cosmetics. She has been in many fashion blogs and magazines such as Vogue. She is an activist for the African relief organization, the African Medical and Research Foundation. Feminist issues are also important to her.  She works with charities whose cause is breast cancer, and "End Violence Against Women" campaign.

Early life
Suvari was born in Newport, Rhode Island. She is the daughter of Candice, a nurse, and Ando Süvari, a psychiatrist. Her mother is half Greek and her father is part Estonian. She has three older brothers.

Her family moved Charleston, South Carolina. Growing up, Mena wanted to be an archaeologist, astronaut or doctor. A modeling agency came to her all-girls school, Ashley Hall, to offer classes. By the time she started acting, she had been modeling for the New York-based Wilhelmina agency for five years.

After moving to the Los Angeles area, Suvari studied at Providence High School in Burbank. She graduated in 1997.
Personal life
Suvari married German-born cinematographer Robert Brinkmann on March 4, 2000. Brinkmann was seventeen years older than her. They divorced in May 2005.

In 2007, Suvari began dating Italian-Canadian concert promoter Simone Sestito. She met him at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival. They were married on June 26, 2010 in Rome. They chose Rome because most of Sestito's family lives near the city. On January 13, 2012, Suvari said she wanted a divorce from Sestito. The divorce became final in October 2012.

In late 2017, Suvari became a vegan for ethical reasons. Since then she only uses cruelty-free and environmentally friendly products.

In October 2018, she married her boyfriend Michael Hope.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 

1979 births
Actors from Rhode Island
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
Jo Sik (or Cho Shik) (, 1501–1572) was a politician and Confucianist scholar of Korea. His nickname was Nammyung, rival of Twaegye Yi Hwang.

Work book 
 Nammyungjip (남명집 南冥集)
 Nammyunghakgi (남명학기 南冥學記)
 Shinmyungshado (신명사도 神明舍圖)
 Phahanjapgi (파한잡기 破閑雜記)
 Nammyunghakgiyupyun (남명학기유편 南冥學記類編)
 Nammyungga (남명가)
 Gwonseonjirogha (권선지로가 勸善指路歌)

Related pages 
 Yi Hwang
 Yi I

Other websites 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=138990
 Nammyung Cho Shik's memorial 
 Cho Shik:Navercast 

Korean people
Confucianism
1501 births
1572 deaths
A crown group is a group of living species and their ancestors back to the most recent common ancestor. It is a term in cladistics and phylogenetics. It is a clade with at least some members that have survived to the present day. How a crown group is defined depends on which living species are chosen. One definition stresses the need for members of the crown group to have the clade's characteristic synapomorphy.

The idea was developed by Willi Hennig, the founder of phylogenetic systematics, but he did not use this term. The terms "crown group" and "stem group" were invented by R.P.S. Jefferies in 1979. Though invented in the 1970s, the term was not often used until it was reintroduced in the 2000s.

One very simplified cladogram for birds is shown below:
Aves 
†Archaeopteryx and its extinct relatives
†Avisaurus and its extinct relatives
†Hesperornis and its extinct relatives
†Ichthyornis
Crown group, Neornithes includes all living birds
Neoaves (most modern birds and their extinct ancestors)
Paleognathae (ratites and some others)
Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and some others)

Archaeopteryx and some other extinct groups are not included in the crown group Neornithes. They fall outside the clade, as they diverged earlier. Neoaves can also be considered a crown group, as can Paleognathae, the ratites clade, and Galloanserae, the ducks and chickens clade. Bigger crown groups can also be defined, such as the phylum Chordata.

Stem group 
The stem group of birds would be all the earlier Aves minus the crown group Neornithes.

References 

Cladistics
Vampire Lesbians of Sodom is a satirical play by Charles Busch. It is about two immortal vampire lesbians.  They are locked in eternal antagonism after surviving the downfall of the Biblical city of Sodom. Both women arrive in Jazz Age Broadway and Hollywood. They pretend to be silent movie stars. They reach a truce in a final scene set in Las Vegas in the 1980s. The New York Times described the show as having "costumes flashier than pinball machines, outrageous lines, awful puns, sinister innocence, [and] harmless depravity". It was first performed at the Limbo Lounge in Manhattan's East Village in 1984. It moved Off Broadway in June 1985 to the Provincetown Playhouse. It had a five year run.

References 

American plays
1984 works
1980s plays
The digital audio player is a device that can play digital audio, such as CD and MP3 formatted music. Such devices include MP3 players and CD players. Some are portable and use battery power. 

Audio technology
Daniel Levy (born 8 February 1962 in Essex) is the current chairman of Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. He has been the chairman since 2001.

Career

He is managing director of ENIC International Ltd., which is an investment company. He replaced Alan Sugar as chairman of Tottenham in February 2001. This happened after ENIC bought a controlling stake in the club. ENIC is controlled by Joseph Lewis. Levy was before this a director of the Scottish football club Rangers, in which ENIC held a significant stake.  Before this, ENIC has also controlled many other European football clubs including AEK Athens, Slavia Prague and Vicenza. ENIC has also had power in non-football companies such as Warner Bros. and Autonomy.

Tottenham Hotspur

He has changed many managers since becoming chairman, like (George Graham, Glenn Hoddle, David Pleat and Jacques Santini). When Martin Jol was manager, the team finished at 5th place in the Premier League and they qualified for the UEFA Cup also.
In summer of 2011, Chelsea tried to sign Tottenham's important player Luke Modric. But, Levy refused to sell Modric. After that, the club have started season 2011/12 very nicely and have won many matches in the Premier League.

Personal life

Daniel Levy is married. He has four children- Joshua, Oliver, Chloe and Gabriella. He has a degree from Cambridge University in Land Economy.

References

1962 births
People from Essex
English football managers
British businesspeople
Living people
are the local governments and sub-divisions of the island nation.
 
There are three main types of municipalities in Japan: 
cities, 
towns, 
villages 

There is a fourth type of municipality — the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

History
In 1878, the national government enacted the "Municipalities Formation Law", the "Prefectural Assemblies Act", and the "Local Tax Ordinance".  Japan was organized into three levels of government: 
 the national government of Japan
 the mid-level Prefectures of Japan
 the local municipality governments

In 1889, the ''shikuchōson was refined to create 39 cities and 15,820 towns and villages. The "Municipal Government Act" was a blend of Japanese customs and Prussia’s local government system.  

After 1898, local officials were elected in municipal elections.

Since the 19th century, Japan has been divided into 47 prefectures; and each prefecture has many districts and municipalities.

In 1947, the "Local Autonomy Law" (LAL) further refined Japan's municipalities.

Related pages
Related pages

 Capital of Japan
 Provinces of Japan
 Districts of Japan

References

Other websites
  graphic shows municipalities in context (PDF 7 of 40)

 
Japan
Sodom and Gomorrah are two ancient cities mentioned in the Book of Genesis. Both cities were destroyed by fire from God because of their sexual wickednesses including rape, child sexual abuse, homosexuality and indecent assault. Some scholars believe that the cities were in Moab, east of the southern edge of the Dead Sea. The word sodomy (anal sex) is derived from Sodom. The story of Sodom and Gomorrah was made into a movie in 1963.

In Genesis 18-19
God tells Abraham He plans to destroy Sodom because of its wickedness. Abraham gets God to promise to spare it if ten good men can be found.
Lot, Abraham's relative, lives in Sodom. He is visited by three men who are angels. An interpretation by some scholars is that the men of Sodom want to have anal sex with these visitors. Lot refuses to allow this. He offers the Sodomites his two virgin daughters instead. The men decline the offer. They storm Lot's door. The angels rescue Lot. They tell Lot that God has sent them to destroy Sodom for its wickness. They order Lot to gather his family, and leave the city. They forbid Lot or any of his family to look upon the city during its destruction. Lot and his family flee. Lot's wife looks back at the city. She is turned into a pillar of salt.

References

Cities in Asia
Old Testament
The Tradeston Bridge, also known as the Squiggly Bridge, is a pedestrian bridge that opened on May 14, 2009. It crosses the River Clyde in Glasgow to the districts of Anderston on the north bank with Tradeston on the south bank.

References

Other websites

 Dissing+Weitling, Tradeston Bridge 

Bridges in Scotland
Buildings and structures in Glasgow
Steel bridges
Windsor Railway Bridge is a wrought iron 'tied arch'  bridge in Windsor, Berkshire. It was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and carried Brunel's Great Western Railway (GWR) branch line from Slough to Windsor (Windsor and Eton Central station). It crosses the River Thames between Romney Lock and Boveney Lock.

The bridge is a single-span structure with three bowstring trusses which created two bays for the original two GWR tracks. The bridge is the world's oldest wrought iron bridge still in regular service. It is a forerunner for Brunel's last masterpiece, the Royal Albert Bridge, Saltash. The bridge was Grade II* listed in 1975.

The line opened in 1849. The construction of the line was delayed and could not be included in the original Parliamentary Act because of objections from the Provost of Eton College.
The brick viaduct was constructed between 1861–65 to replace the original wooden trestle viaduct.
Although the bridge was built to take two tracks, the track on the upstream side was removed when the line was rationalised in the 1960s.  The trackbed on this side now carries a sewage or water main pipe.

References 

Bridges in England
Steel bridges
Concrete bridges
Grade II* listed buildings
Buildings and structures in Berkshire
Sebastian (died c. 268) was a  Christian saint and martyr. He is said to have been killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians.  He is usually depicted in art and literature tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows. This is the most common artistic depiction of Sebastian. However, he was rescued and healed by Irene of Rome. He then criticized the emperor, and was clubbed to death. He is venerated in both the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox churches.

References 

256 births
288 deaths
LGBT
Christian saints
Menace II Society, released May 26, 1993 by New Line Cinema, is an American urban crime drama movie set in and around South Central Los Angeles. It is rated R by the MPAA for violence, intense language and drug use. Several different versions exist for this motion picture. The character Caine was originally supposed to be played by Spice-1, but he was replaced by Tyrin Turner. The character Sharif was originally supposed to be played by Tupac Shakur, although Shakur was later fired due to a dispute in which he wanted to play the character O-Dog. Larenz Tate later played O-Dog. A prison riot scene was cut from this motion picture to avoid receiving an NC-17. Menace II Society received positive reviews by critics.

Other websites 

1993 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American gangster movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Los Angeles
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Albert Hughes
Movies directed by Allen Hughes
Aurelius and Natalia (died 852) were Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba. They are counted among the Martyrs of Córdoba. Aurelius and his wife Natalia were both the offspring of Muslim fathers. They were secretly Christians.  Aurelius's cousin Felix and his wife Liliosa were also Christians. Under Sharia Law, all four of them were required to profess Islam. In time though all four began to openly profess the Christian faith. The two women would go about in public with their faces unveiled. They were all swiftly arrested as apostates from Islam. They were given four days to recant. They refused, and were beheaded. They were martyred with a local monk, George. He had openly spoken out against the Islamic prophet Mohammed. He had been offered a pardon as a foreigner. He chose instead to denounce Islam again and die with the others. They are considered saints in the Roman Catholic Church. Their feast day is July 27.
References 
 Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. .

Christian saints
852 deaths
Year of birth unknown
People executed by decapitation
Charlotte Corday (Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont, 27 July 1768 – 17 July 1793), was a figure of the French Revolution. In 1793, she was sent to the guillotine for the assassination of Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat.  She blamed Marat for the more extreme course the Revolution had taken. He played a large role in the takedown of the Girondins. Corday believed in the Girondins' cause.  In 1847, writer Alphonse de Lamartine gave Corday the nickname  (the Angel of Assassination).

Biography
Charlotte Corday was born in Saint-Saturnin-des-Ligneries, Orne in Normandy, France in 1768. Corday was from a family of minor aristocrats.
When Corday was a girl, her older sister and their mother, Charlotte Marie Jacqueline Gaultier de Mesnival died. Her father sent Corday and her younger sister to a convent in Caen.  In the convent's library, Corday read the writing of Plutarch, Rousseau, and Voltaire After 1791, Corday lived in Caen with her cousin, Madame Le Coustellier de Bretteville-Gouville. They were very close. Corday was going to inherit her cousin's estate.
Politics
As the French Revolution became more and more extreme, Corday began to support the Girondins even more. She loved their speeches and liked many of the Girondins she met in Caen very much. She decided that she needed to do what the Girondins were doing. She thought that they were the party that would save France from the radicalism of the Jacobins. The Jacobins believed that France would be saved only by terrifying the people into obedience. They believed that violence was the only way. Corday and the Girondins did not agree with this approach. Corday decided to kill Marat, because she believed he was the most radical. She believed this because she blamed him for the September Massacres.
Assassination of Marat
Jean-Paul Marat was a member of the radical Jacobin party that led the Reign of Terror. He wrote an important and widely read newspaper called  (the Friend of the People). Corday also blamed Marat for the civil war she thought would happen in France. She believed that Marat was bad for the future of France and that his death would stop the violence in France. She also believed that Louis XVI should not have been executed.

On July 9th, 1793, Corday left her cousin's estate and went to Paris, where she bought a knife. At her hotel, she wrote a letter to the French people. In the letter, she explained why she had killed Marat. She called it  ("Address to the French people, friends of law and peace").
At first, she planned to assassinate Marat in front of the entire National Convention. However, Marat did not attend meetings anymore, because of a skin disease. She changed her plan and went to his home. The first time she came, Marat's wife, Simonne Evrard, did not let her come in. When she came back in the evening, Marat let her in. She gave him the names of Girondins in Caen, and he wrote them down. Then, she stabbed him with the knife she had bought. Marat called "" ("help me, my dear friend!") to his wife and died.

David, one of Marat's friends  painted Marat's body. The painting became famous.

The moment was also painted by Baudry.

Trial and Execution

Corday said that she had planned to kill Marat alone. There was no evidence against this. Corday said that she "killed one man to save a hundred thousand" at her trial. 

Four days after she killed Marat, Corday was execution via guillotine. 

Corday's plan worked, but it also failed. The violence in France did not stop. Marat became a martyr.
Citations 
 

Assassins
Executed French people
French murderers
People executed by decapitation
1768 births
1793 deaths
People of the French Revolution
People from Orne
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG (10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman and a favourite of Elizabeth I. He was politically ambitious, and a committed general. He was placed under house arrest following a poor campaign in Ireland during the Nine Years' War in 1599. In 1601 he led an abortive coup d'état against the government and was executed for treason. His story has been told in art and literature. Two well known examples are the opera Roberto Devereux by Gaetano Donizetti and the movie The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex starring Bette Davis and Errol Flynn. 

Robert Devereux was one of Elizabeth I’s suitors, meaning he wanted to marry her.

1565 births
1601 deaths
English Earls
Knights of the Garter
People executed by decapitation
Earls and countesses
Executed English people
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex is a 1939 historical movie. It is about the relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. The movie stars Bette Davis and Errol Flynn. The movie was directed by Michael Curtiz. It was based on the Maxwell Anderson play, Elizabeth the Queen.

The play had been a Broadway success with Lynn Fontanne and Alfred Lunt in the lead roles. The supporting cast in the movie included Olivia de Havilland, Donald Crisp, Henry Daniell, Henry Stephenson, and Vincent Price. The score was composed by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. He later used a theme from the movie in his Symphony in F sharp major.

The Technicolor cinematography was by Sol Polito. The elaborate costumes were designed by Orry-Kelly. The movie was a Warner Brothers production. The movie was a hit.  It received five Academy Award nominations including Best Color Cinematography. Bette Davis was expected to receive a nomination. She was nominated instead for Dark Victory.
1939 movies
1930s historical movies
1930s romance movies
Movies based on plays
English-language movies
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
The Batman Bridge crosses the Tamar River in northern Tasmania, about 30 km north of Launceston. It was opened on 18 May 1968 by the Premier of Tasmania, Eric Reece. When it was built it was one of the first cable-stayed truss bridges in the world. It provides access between the north east and north west of Tasmania. It was named after John Batman, a Tasmanian pioneer and the founder of the city of Melbourne.

Details
The bridge is held up by cables connected to a  high A frame tower on the west bank.  This tower is not straight, but leans  out over the river.  The bridge is  in length.  The main span over the river is  and with a span on the western shore of . The eastern side is approached by four continuous viaduct spans. The bridge is  above the high water level.  The steel deck has room for two lanes of traffic and a walk way for people on both sides.
A frame
The bridge is built at the narrowest point on the Tamar River, at Whirlpool Reach. However, the east bank was found to be soft clay which would not support the bridge. The A frame tower on the west bank is built into the bedrock  below the surface and supported by steel cables concreted into tunnels in the bedrock. The tower supports the whole weight of the river span of the bridge.

References

Other websites

 Photos of Spidertech checking the cables 

Bridges in Australia
Buildings and structures in Tasmania
Steel bridges
1968 establishments in Australia
The 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge was the first version of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. It was a suspension bridge in the U.S. state of Washington. The bridge was built over the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound between Tacoma and the Kitsap Peninsula. It opened on July 1, 1940. The bridge collapsed into Puget Sound on November 7 of the same year. At that time, it was the third longest suspension bridge in the world in terms of main span length. The Golden Gate Bridge and the George Washington Bridge were the only bridges that were larger.

Construction of the bridge started in September 1938. After the deck was built, the wind caused it to move vertically. Because of this, the people building it gave it the nickname Galloping Gertie. The movement was seen even when the bridge opened to the public. Many things were tried to stop the bridge from moving. None of these things worked. The bridge's main span collapsed under  winds on the morning of November 7, 1940.