Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A broker is a middleman who brings others together to bargain, or bargains for them.

A broker is someone who helps arranges transactions between two parties.

The broker is sometimes a mediator between a buyer and a seller.  The broker sometimes gets a commission when the deal is completed. 

A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. 

A broker is different than an agent: one who acts on behalf of a principal.

Types of brokers

 Aircraft broker
 Auto broker
 Broker-dealer
 Brokerage firm
 Business broker
 Commodity broker
 Customs broker
 Information broker
 Insurance broker
 Investment broker
 Joint venture broker
 Leasing broker
 List broker
 Marriage broker
 Mortgage broker
 Options broker
 Power broker (term)
 Prime broker
 Real estate broker
 Retail broker
 Ship broker
 Sponsorship broker
 Stockbroker
 Office broker
 Serviced office broker

References

Business occupations
In the Heat of the Night was an American television series that aired beginning March 1988 to May 1995 on the NBC and CBS networks. The show's themes dealt with racism, incest, corruption by government and abuse of drugs.

Other websites 

1988 American television series debuts
1995 American television series endings
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
American crime drama television series
American police television series
CBS network shows
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Stress analysis is the study of stresses and strains in materials and structures as force is applied against them. It is a topic in engineering. Stress may cause deformation or fractures in materials. Stress analysis is about finding out how much stress causes deformation in a given material.

Stress analysis is an important task for civil, mechanical and aerospace engineers. They work on the design of structures of all sizes, such as bridges and dams, machines, and even plastic cutlery and staples. Stress analysis is also used in the maintenance of such structures, and to investigate the causes of structural failures.

Mechanics
The University of Göttingen (), known informally as Georgia Augusta, is a university in the city of Göttingen, Germany.

King George II of Great Britain and the Elector of Hanover founded the school in 1734. It opened for classes in 1737. The University of Göttingen soon grew in size and popularity. Göttingen is a historic university city, with a high student and faculty population.

The University of Göttingen is one of the highest-ranked universities in Germany. It is associated with 45 Nobel laureates.

References

Other websites

 The University of Göttingen – home page
 The "Göttingen Nobel prize wonder"; the 44 Nobel prize laureates affiliated with Göttingen
 Shame at Göttingen , detailing the 1933 purge.

Gottingen
Lower Saxony
Beloit is a city in southern Wisconsin near the Illinois border just north of Rockford, Illinois. The city has two colleges: Blackhawk Technical College and Beloit College.

Beloit is located on the north side of the border between Wisconsin and Illinois.

Other websites
 Welcome to the City of Beloit

References

Cities in Wisconsin
1836 establishments in Wisconsin Territory
Outlaw is a shooting video game by Atari. It came out first for arcade automats in 1976. A version for the Atari 2600 came out 1979. The player uses a joystick or a gamepad to play the game. It has animated violence in it. The player has to shoot targets to win points. David Crane designed the game. Gunslinger is a game like Outlaw.

Other websites 
Outlaw overview at AllGame

Sources 
Arcade games
Rosetta was an ESA space probe.  It went on a mission to study the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.  The Rosetta mission had two parts: the Rosetta space probe and the Philae lander.  The spacecraft was launched on 2 March 2004 by an Ariane 5 rocket.  On 12 November 2014 Philae landed but soon lost electrical power and radio contact.  Rosetta continued to examine the comet from orbit until 30 September 2016 when it landed.

References

European Space Agency spacecraft
Spacecrafts launched in 2000s
Kim Basinger (born December 8, 1953) is an American actress and model. She has been in many movies from the 1970s onwards. Basinger was born in Athens, Georgia. She is of English, Scottish, Swedish, Irish and Native American ancestry. Her roles include: Never Say Never Again, The Natural, 9 1/2 Weeks, My Stepmother Is an Alien, Batman, The War of the Roses, L.A. Confidential, 8 Mile and Cellular.

Personal life
Before she was famous, Basinger dated model Tim Saunders, photographer Dale Robinette and football player Joe Namath. She would not have another public attachment until 2014, when she began dating Mitch Stone. Like Snyder and Peters before him, Stone met Basinger while doing her hair on a movie set. The couple wear matching gold bands and have since moved in together.

References

Other websites 

1953 births
Living people
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actresses who played Bond girls
Models from Georgia (U.S. state)
American movie actors
American television actors
People from Athens, Georgia
The Azerbaijani Armed Forces () is the military  of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The armed forces have three branches: the Azerbaijani Land Force, the Azerbaijani Air Force, and the Azerbaijani Navy. Related forces which are not part of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, include the paramilitary Azerbaijani National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan (who patrol Azerbaijan’s borders with Georgia, Russia, Iran, Turkey and Armenia), which can be involved in state defense.

The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Azerbaijan, currently Ilham Aliyev. The Ministry of Defense is in charge of political leadership. It is currently headed by Safar Abiyev. Military command is in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Colonel-General Najmaddin Sadigov.
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Based on 2007 statistics the country has about 66,940 troops, and a paramilitary force of 15,000 troops. There are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years. 

Azerbaijan had actually established the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and a Ministry of Defense on June 26, 1918 with the first independence of Azerbaijan, as the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, after the collpase of the Russian Empire in 1918 until it was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1920 which came after the Russian Empire. The Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defense were established again in 1991 with the second and final independence of Azerbaijan, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the Azerbaijani Armed Forces were formed out of the former Soviet forces in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.
Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

References

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards 
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces , October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program
The Azerbaijani Land Force () is the army of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces which is the military  of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Based on 2007 statistics the country has about 56,840 ground force (land) troops, and a paramilitary force of 15,000 troops. There are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years. 

In wartime, the Army proper could call the support of the paramilitary Azerbaijani National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan (who patrol Azerbaijan's borders with Georgia, Russia, Iran, Turkey and Armenia), which can be involved in state defense. The exact wartime command structure is unknown.
Azerbaijan has also sent soldiers to be trained in Turkey, Russia and Israel over the past years, and these countries also sell weapons to Azerbaijan, among many countries. Since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War, Azerbaijan has made the army boost the defense of the country and possibly retake its separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh from neighboring enemy Armenia which invaded it, but is legally a part of Azerbaijan.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

References

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards 
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces , October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

Land Force
The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force often called the Azerbaijani Air Force () is the air force and air defence force of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, bought its first fighter aircraft. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the presence of former Soviet air bases in Azerbaijan helped the Air and Air Defence Force develop.
Current organization
The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force has about 600 aircraft and 350 helicopters, and 7,900 personnel. There are Soviet-made MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Su-24s and Su-25s, as well as fourth generation MiG-29s bought from Ukraine in 2006 and Soviet-made Il-76s. Azerbaijan is holding talks with either China or Pakistan to buy JF-17 Thunder aircraft. The MiG-29 has been chosen as the standard aircraft for the Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards 
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces , October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

References
References

Other websites
 Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force • Azərbaycan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri

Air Force
Air forces
The Azerbaijan Navy () is the navy of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces operating in the Caspian Sea.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, formed its first navy. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Azerbaijani Navy was formed out of the former Soviet Navy in the Azerbaijani SSR.

Strength
The navy has about 5,000 military personnel in sixteen units. These include the Caspian Sea fleet and a border coast guard. The fleet is made up of 1 Petya class frigate, 2 OSA-II-Class and 5 Stenka Class patrol boats, 2 Sonya Class and 5 Yevgenya Class minesweepers (for removing mines), 6 landing craft (ships that can land on the coast), 2 landing cutters (patrol boats that can land on the coast), 1 special purposes warship and 1 special purposes cutter.
Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards 
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces , October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

Navy
Navies
This article is about the Japanese national capital in general. For the current capital, see Tokyo.

The capital of Japan is Tokyo.  In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Tokyo.

History
Traditionally, the home of the Emperor was considered the capital.  From 794 through 1868, the Emperor lived in Kyoto.  After 1868, the seat of the Government of Japan and the location of the Emperor's home was Tokyo.

In 1941, the Ministry of Education published the .

After World War II, the new Constitution of Japan transferred the state's sovereignty from the Emperor to the people. The people of Japan are represented by the Diet of Japan in Tokyo.  Consensus considers the site of the Diet is the capital of Japan.

Capital area
No law makes Tokyo as the Japanese capital.  However, many laws have defined a  which incorporates Tokyo.
Article 2 of the  of 1956 states that
"In this Act, the term 'capital area' shall denote a broad region comprising both the territory of Tokyo Metropolis as well as outlying regions designated by cabinet order."

Laws which identify this "capital area" include the  and the .

List of capitals

Legendary
This list of legendary capitals of Japan begins with the reign of Emperor Jimmu.  The names of the Imperial palaces are in parentheses.
Kashiwabara, Yamato at the foot of Mt. Unebi during reign of Emperor Jimmu
 Kazuraki, Yamato during reign of Emperor Suizei
 Katashiha, Kawachi during the reign of Emperor Annei
 Karu, Yamato during reign of Emperor Itoku.
 Waki-no-kami, Yamato during the reign of Emperor Kosho
 Muro, Yamato during reign of Emperor Koan
 Kuruda, Yamato during the reign of Emperor Korei
 Karu, Yamato during reign of Emperor Kōgen
 Izakaha, Yamato during reign of Emperor Kaika
 Shika, Yamato (Palace of Mizugaki) during reign of Emperor Sujin
 Shika, Yamato (Palace of Tamagaki) during reign of Emperor Suinin
 Makimuko, Yamato (Palace of Hishiro) during reign of Emperor Keiko
 Shiga, Ōmi (Palace of Takaanaho) during reign of Emperor Seimu
 Ando (Palace of Toyoura) and Kashiki on the island of Kyushu during reign of Emperor Chūai

Historical
This list of capitals includes the Imperial palaces names in parentheses.
Kofun period
 Karushima, Yamato (Palace of Akira), reign of Emperor Ojin
 Naniwa, Settsu (Palace of Takatsu), reign of Emperor Nintoku
 Ihare, Yamato (Palace of Watasakura''''), reign of Emperor Richū
 Tajikhi, Kawachi (Palace of Shibakaki), reign of Emperor Hanzei
 Asuka, Yamato (Palace of Tohotsu), reign of Emperor Ingyō
 Isonokami, Yamato (Palace of Anaho), reign of Emperor Ankō
 Sakurai, Nara (Hatsuse no Asakura Palace), 457–479 in reign of Emperor Yūryaku
 Sakurai, Nara (Iware no Mikakuri Palace), 480–484 in reign of Emperor Seinei
 Asuka, Yamato (Chikatsu-Asuka-Yatsuri Palace), 485–487 in reign of Emperor Kenzō
 Tenri, Nara (Isonokami Hirotaka Palace), 488–498 in reign of Emperor Ninken
 Hatsuse, Nara (Nimiki Palace), 499–506 in reign of Emperor Buretsu
 Hirakata, Osaka (Kusuba Palace), 507–511
 Kyōtanabe, Kyoto (Tsutsuki Palace), 511–518
 Nagaoka-kyō (Otokuni Palace), 518–526
 Sakurai, Nara (Iware no Tamaho Palace), 526–532 in reign of Emperor Keitai
Kashihara, Nara (Magari no Kanahashi Palace), 532–535 in reign of Emperor Ankan
 Sakurai, Nara (Hinokuma no Iorino Palace), 535-539 in reign of Emperor Senka
Asuka period
 Asuka, Yamato (Shikishima no Kanasashi Palace), 540–571 in reign of Emperor Kimmei
 Kōryō, Nara (Kudara no Ohi Palace), 572–575 
 Sakurai, Nara (Osata no Sakitama Palace or Osada no Miya), 572–585 in reight of Emperor Bidatsu
 Shiki District, Nara (Iwareikebe no Namitsuki Palace), 585–587 in the reign of Emperor Yomei
 Shiki District, Nara (Kurahashi no Shibagaki Palace), 587–592 in the reign of Emperor Sushun
 Asuka, Yamato (Toyura Palace or Toyura-no-miya), 593–603 in the reign of Empress Suiko
 Asuka, Yamato (Oharida Palace or Oharida-no-miya), 603–629 in the reign of Empress Suiko
 Asuka, Yamato (Okamoto Palace or Oakmoto-no-miya), 630–636 in the reign of Emperor Jomei
 Kashihara, Nara (Tanaka Palace or Tanaka-no-miya), 636–639
 Kōryō, Nara (Umayasaka Palace or Umayasaka-no-miya), 640
Kōryō, Nara (Kudara Palace or Kudara-no-miya), 640–642
 Asuka, Yamato (Oharida Palace), 642–643
 Asuka, Yamato (Itabuki Palace or Itabuki no miya), 643–645 in the reign of Empress Kōgyoku
 Osaka (Naniwa-Nagara no Toyosaki Palace), 645–654 in the reign of Emperor Kōtoku
 Asuka, Yamato (Itabuki Palace), 655–655 in the reign of Kōtoku
 Asuka, Yamato (Kawahara Palace or Kawahara-no-miya), 655–655
 Asuka, Yamato (Okamoto Palace or Nochi no Asuka-Okamoto-no-miya), 656–660 in the reign of Emperor Saimei
 Asakura, Fukuoka (Asakura no Tachibana no Hironiwa Palace or Asakure no Tachibana no Hironiwa-no-miya), 660–661
 Osaka, (Naniwa-Nagara no Toyosaki Palace), 661–667
 Ōtsu, Shiga (Ōmi Ōtsu Palace or Ōmi Ōtsu-no-miya), 667–672 in reign of Emperor Tenji and the reign of Emperor Kobun
 Asuka, Yamato (Kiyomihara Palace or Kiomihara-no-miya), 672–694 in the reign of Emperor Temmu and in the reign of Empress Jito
 Fujiwara-kyō (Fujiwara'' Palace), 694–710 in the reign of Emperor Mommu
 Nara period
Nara period
 Heijō-kyō (Heijō Palace), 710–740 in the reigns of Empress Genmei, Empress Gensho, and Emperor Shomu
 Kuni-kyō (Kuni Palace), 740–744 in the reign of Shomu
 Naniwa-kyō (Naniwa Palace), 744
 Naniwa-kyō, Shigaraki Palace, 744–745
 Heijō-kyō (Heijō Palace), 745–784
 Nagaoka-kyō (Nagaoka Palace), 784–794 in the reign of Emperor Kammu
 Heian period
 Heian-kyō (Heian Palace), 794–1180 in the reign of Kammu and others
 Fukuhara Palace, 1180 in the reign of Emperor Antoku
 Heian-kyō/Kyoto (Heian Palace), 1180–1868
 To-kyō (Kōkyo), 1868–present
References

More reading

Other websites

 
History of Japan
Japan-related lists
Jane was a German rock band. The band formed in October 1970 in Hanover. In 1973, their album Here We Are was very popular.

Discography

Vinyl
 Together (1972)
 Here we are (1973)
 Jane III (1974)
 Lady (1975)
 Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1976)
 Live at Home (1976)
 Between Heaven and Hell (1977)
 Age of Madness (1978)
 Sign No. 9 (1979)
 Jane (Mask) (1980)
 Germania (1981)
 Warlock Rock Ballet soundtrack (feat. Lady Jane) (1983)
 Beautiful Lady (1986)
 Live '88 (1989)
 Live '89 (1990)
CDs
 Together (1990)
 Here we are (1997)
 Jane III (1997)
 Lady (1997)
 Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1990)
 Live at home (1992)
 Between Heaven and Hell (1997)
 Age of madness (1997)
 Sign No. 9 (1997)
 Jane (Maske) (1997)
 Germania (1997)
 Beautiful Lady (1993)
 Live '89 (1990)
 Resurrection (Pano's Jane) (1996)
 Comes alive (Klaus Hess/Mother Jane) (2000)
 Back again (Lady Jane) (2000)
 Genuine (2002)
 Live 2002 (Peter Panka's Jane) (2002)
 Shine On (Peter Panka's Jane) (2003)
 Voices (Peter Panka's Jane) (2006)
 Live At META's (Peter Panka's Jane) (2007)
 Tribute to Peter Panka (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2008)
 Proceed with Memories (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2009)
 In Dreams (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2009)
 Traces (Peter Panka's Jane) (2009)
 Hungry4Live (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
 Hungry4Live part 2 (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
 The Journey - Best of Jane '70-'80 (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2010)
 Eternity (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2011)
Singles
 Daytime (1972)
 Here we are (1973)
 Bambule Rock (1974)
 Age of madness (1978)
 Love Song (1978)
 Beautiful lady (Maxi-Single) (1986)
 Together we stand (Mother Jane) (1998)

Compilations
 Waiting for the sunshine (1979)
 Rock on brain (2 LP) (1980)

DVD
Krautrock Meeting (2005)Jane - Live 2002 Hannover (2005)
Jane - Tribute To Peter Panka (2008)Phoenix (2008)
Jane - Inside - (The Cave - Concert) (2010)Jane - Live 2010 / Fernsehkonzert 2010 (2010)
Jane - Eternity (2011)Jane - Visual Impressions (2011)
''Jane - Live at home again - Hannover 2011 (2011)

Other websites 
Overview of Jane on AllMusic
  Jane (PP's Jane), official site
  Mother Jane a.k.a. Klaus Hess' Jane, official site
   Jane (WN's Jane), official site

1970 establishments in Germany
1970s German music groups
1980s German music groups
1990s German music groups
2000s German music groups
German rock bands
Hanover
Musical groups established in 1970
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the armed forces of Russia, created after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Armed Forces is known to be one of the biggest in the world with about  1,200,000 troops active. Russia also makes its own weapons. The Armed Forces has 6 branches: Russian Air Force, Russian Ground Forces, Russian Navy, Strategic Missile Troops, Russian Space Troops and the Russian Airborne Troops. The Commander-In-Chief is the President of Russia.

History 
When the Soviet Union broke up, Russia and the various other countries got parts of its large armed forces. The country's president, Boris Yeltsin, had to fix Russia and build up the military. So, Yeltsin appointed himself the Russian minister of defence. Eventually, CIS helped Russia get its defence into shape. Then in 1993, a doctrine was made to set up the official military.
Personnel 
As of 2008, 480,000 men joined the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term is usually a year. Russians can join at the age of 18 to 27 years old. Like any other Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has ranks. The ranks are open to non-Russian citizens as well.

References 

Russian military organizations
St. Cloud is a city in central Minnesota. It is north of Minneapolis-St. Paul. St. Cloud State University is there. Most of St. Cloud is in Stearns County, but parts of it are in Benton and Sherburne Counties. The population of St. Cloud was 66,881 at the 2020 census. The Mississippi River runs through St. Cloud, and St. Cloud uses the Mississippi as drinking water.

References

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Shannon Miller (born March 10, 1977) is an American gymnast. She was born in Rolla, Missouri. She moved to Edmond, Oklahoma when she was six months old. She is the most decorated artistic gymnastics performer in the history of the United States. She was the 1993 and 1994 World All-Around Champion and 1996 Summer Olympics balance beam gold medalist. Shannon won a combined total of 16 World Champion and Olympic medals between 1991 and 1996. She was also the most successful United States athlete at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, receiving five medals overall.

References

Other websites

Shannon Miller  at USA Gymnastics
 

American gymnasts
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
Sportspeople from Missouri
1977 births
Living people
This article is about the Korean national capital in general. For the current capital, see Seoul or Pyongyang.

The capital of Korea has been in many locations during the history of the Korean peninsula.  Today there are two Koreas, each with its own capital city:  
 Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea (ROK), also known as South Korea
 Pyongyang is the capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), also known as North Korea

Since the end of World War II, there have been two countries or  divided Korea:  If reunification were to take place someday, alternate prospects for the capital city, along with Seoul and Pyŏngyang,are Sejong City in South Korea and Kaesong in North Korea.
History
During the Gojoseon period
The Go-Joseon period lasted from 2333 BC to 108 BC.
 Unknown — first capital
 Pyongyang — second capital (post 400 BC)
During the Three Kingdoms period
The Three Kingdoms period lasted from 57 BC to AD 676
 Jolbon – first capital of Goguryeo
 Gungnae-seong – second capital of Goguryeo
 Pyongyang – third capital of Goguryeo
 Wiryeseong – first capital of Baekje
 Ungjin – second capital of Baekje
 Sabi – third capital of Baekje
 Gyeongju – capital of Silla

During the North-South States Period
 Gyeongju – capital of Silla
 Dongmo Mountain – first capital of Balhae
 Junggyeong – second capital of Balhae
 Sanggyeong – third capital of Balhae

During the Later Three Kingdoms period
 Gyeongju – capital of Silla
 Wansanju – capital of Hubaekje
 Songak – first capital of Taebong
 Cheorwon – second capital of Taebong
During the Goryeo Dynasty period
The Goryeo Dynasty lasted from 918 to 1392.
 Gaegyeong
 
During the Joseon Dynasty period
The Joseon Dynasty lasted from 1392 to 1910.
 Hanseong

During the Japanese colonial period
The Japanese colonial period lasted from 1910 to 1945.
 Seoul

Modern capitals
 Seoul
 Pyongyang

References

 
History of Korea
This article is about the Egyptian national capital in general. For the current capital, see Cairo.

The Capital of Egypt is Cairo. In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Cairo.

History

List of Egyptian capitals 
The capitals of Egypt in chronological order begin with Thinis (pre-2950 BC)

I-VIII dynasties 
 Memphis: (2950 BC - 2180 BC)

IX and X dynasties
 Herakleopolis: (2180 BC - 2063BC

XI dynasty  
 Thebes: (2135 BC - 1985 BC)

XII dynasty  
 Itjtawy: (1985 BC - 1785 BC)

XIII dynasty 
 Thebes: (1785 BC - 1650 BC)

XIV dynasty   
 Xois: (1715 BC - 1650 BC)

XV dynasty
 Avaris: (1650 BC - 1580 BC)

XVI dynasty
 unknown (perhaps in Kingdom of Kush)

XVII-XVIII dynasties 
 Thebes: (1650 BC - c. 1353 BC)  
 Akhetaten: (c. 1353 BC - c. 1332 BC)

XVIII-XIX dynasties
 Thebes: (c. 1332 BC - 1279 BC)   
 Memphis

XIX-XX dynasties
 Pi-Ramesses: (1279 BC - 1078 BC)

XXI dynasty   
 Tanis: (1078 BC - 945 BC)

XXII dynasty 
 Bubastis: (945 BC - 715 BC)
XXIII dynasty 
 Tanis: (818 BC - 715 BC)

XXIV dynasty
 Sais: (725 BC - 715 BC)

XXV dynasty 
 Napata/Memphis (715 BC - 664 BC)

XXVI-XXVII dynasties
 Sais: (664 BC - 525 BC)

XXVIII dynasty 
 Sais: (404 BC - 399 BC)

XXIX dynasty 
 Mendes: (399 BC - 380 BC)

XXX dynasty 
 Sebennytos: (380 BC - 343 BC)

XXXI dynasty 
 Alexandria: (332 BC - 641 AD)
 Al-Fustat: (641 AD - 750 AD)
 Al-Askar: (750 - 868 AD)
 Al-Qatta'i: (868 - 905 AD)  
 Al-Fustat: (905 - 969 AD)
 Al-Qahira (Cairo): the present capital (969 AD - Present)

References

 
History of Egypt
Historical
Jennifer Beals was born December 19, 1963 around the Chicago metropolitan area. Her most notable acting role was playing Alexandra Owens for the 1983 film Flashdance. She also starred in the Showtime television program The L Word. She's been in more than 50 movies over the years.

1963 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Chicago
Red Wing is a city in Minnesota on the Mississippi River. It is known for its farming and where the Swiss Mission for Native Americans took place.

Other websites 
Information on Red Wing, Minnesota from Infoplease

County seats in Minnesota
Cities in Minnesota
, also called Naniwa no Tsu,  was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan in the 7th and 8th centuries.  It was located in present-day Osaka.

History
Naniwa was founded by Emperor Temmu in 683. After 745, the capital moved to Heijō-kyō.

Timeline
 683: Temmu establishes Naniwa
 744 (Tenpyō 16): Emperor Shōmu and the court moved to Naniwa, which then became the new capital.
 745 (Tenpyō 17): Shōmu built a palace named Shigaraki no Miya
 745 (Tenpyō 17): The court and the capital moves to Heijō Kyō.

Archeology
In 1957, traces of ancient palaces were found. Other archaeological site was discovered in 2006.

Related pages
 Capital of Japan

References

Other websites 
 Osaka City Cultural Properties Association 

Former capitals of Japan
Cities in Osaka Prefecture
Aggression refers to behavior between members of the same species that is intended to cause humiliation, pain, or harm.

Ferguson and Beaver defined aggressive behavior as "Behavior which is intended to increase the social dominance of the organism relative to the dominance position of other organisms”

Aggression takes a variety of forms among humans and can be physical, mental, or verbal.

There are two types of aggression - hostile, affective aggression and instrumental, predatory, or goal-oriented aggression.

Reactive relational aggression (hostile, affective, retaliatory) is used in response to feeling attacked, threatened, or mad. Usually the person who shows this type of aggression feels provoked to do so. Instrumental relational aggression (predatory, goal-oriented) is used in order for an individual to get what they want.

Predatory or defensive behavior between members of different species is not normally considered as "aggression."
Like most, or even all behaviors, aggression can be examined in terms of its ability to help an animal reproduce and survive. Animals may use aggression to gain and secure territories, as well as other resources including food, water, and mating opportunities.

The most apparent type of aggression is that seen in the interaction between a predator and its prey. An animal defending itself against a predator becomes aggressive in order to survive and predator in order to secure food. Because aggression against a much larger enemy or group of enemies would be nearly certain to lead to the death of an animal, animals have developed a good sense of when they are outnumbered. This ability to gauge the strength of other animals gives animals a "fight or flight" response to predators; depending on how strong they gauge the predator to be, animals will either become aggressive or flee.
Although humans share aspects of aggression with non-human animals, they differ from most of them in the complexity of their aggression because of factors such as culture, morals, and social situations.

Aggression research 
Aggression is a behavior where one harms another individual intentionally. Over the years, there has been an ongoing debate on the origin or causes of aggression among humans. Some theories argue that aggression is innate, while others contend it is a learned behavior.
The cognitive approach claims aggression is learned. The main argument of this theory is that people learn to be aggressive. However, Albert Bandura asserted that aggression is imitated rather than learned through conditioning. Apart from imitation, observation learning is another way people learn to be aggressive. For example, watching aggressive acts, especially in movies or video games, inc eases the likelihood of one acting aggressively. This mostly happens among children when children are exposed to aggressive environments. Children in such a situation usually grow, knowing that aggressive behavior is acceptable. Research has repeatedly depicted that children who are exposed to family violence as they grow up are more likely to develop aggressive acts or turn to aggressive adults in the future.
The psychoanalytic approach views aggression as an innate. Sigmund Freud’s aggression theory describes aggressive behaviors as an innate drive or instinct, and it is not influenced by situations or nature. Thus, it is an inevitable part of human life.
References 

Human behavior
, also called Kuni no miyako, was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan between 740 and 744. It was in present-day Kizugawa in Kyoto Prefecture.

History
The new capital of Emperor Shōmu was built by Tachibana no Moroe.

The palace (Kuni no miya) was built in the former Yamashiro Province. in what became the town Kizu. 

The city of Kuni-kyō was not completed.  The court and capital moved to Naniwa-kyō (Osaka) after only four years.

Archeology
Studies of the archaeological site suggest the location of the main buildings.  The city was laid out in a grid. The area of palace is estimated to have been 500+ meters wide and 700+ meters long.

Related pages
 Capital of Japan

References 

Former capitals of Japan
Nina Burger (born 27 December 1987 in Tulln, Austria) is an Austrian football player. She plays for the Austrian National football team and SV Neulengbach in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest level in Austrian Women´s soccer. She is a striker.

Career
She started playing at the age of seven for the youth teams of FC Hausleiten. She started her club career with SV Langenrohr from Lower Austria. 2005 she went to SV Neulengbach. There she is still playing.

National team
as September 2011
A-team  34 matches  15 goals
U 19- team 18 matches  13 goals

Honours
Champion with SV Langenrohr (NÖ Landesliga 02/03)
 U-18 Champion 2005
 UEFA Women's Champions League
 Champion and Cupwinner with Neulengbach (05/06, 06/07, 07/08, 08/09, 09/10, 10/11)
 Topscorer ÖFB Frauenliga (06/07 - 38 goals, 07/08- 33 goals, 08/09- 23 goals, 09/10-22 goals, 10/11- 29 goals )
Bruno award "Best player 2010"

References

Austrian women's footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
1987 births
Living people
The focal length tells how strongly a lens, a curved mirror or another optical device brings light together or spreads it out. If rays of light go straight into a lens and the focal length is positive, the focal length is the distance to the point behind the lens where the rays will be brought to a focus. If the focal length of the lens is negative, the focal length is the distance at which the light has spread to twice its original size. Light from a large distance produces an image at F (focal point). The distance from the centre of the lens to F is the focal length.

Optics
Photography
Heijō-kyō (, also known as  Heizei-kyō) was twice the ancient Imperial capital of Japan from 710 to 784.  It was where Nara is today.

History
In 710, Empress Gemmei moved the Imperial capital from Fujiwara-kyō which is about 18 km south.

Timeline
 707 (Keiun 4): Emperor Mommu orders construction of a new capital city, but the work is not complete before his death.
 710 (Wadō 3, 3rd month):  Empress Gemmei moves from Fujiwara-kyō to Heijō-kyō.  The palace of the empress was named Nara-no-miya.
 784 (Enryaku 3): Capital is moved briefly to Nagaoka
 794 (Enryaku 13): Capital was moved to Heian-kyō and the palace was named Heian no Miya.
 November 17, 794 (Enryaku 13, 21st day of the 10th month): The emperor traveled by carriage from Nara to Heian-kyō in a grand procession.   This marks the end of the Nara period and the beginning of the Heian period in Japanese history.
Architecture
The Heijō Palace and some of the Buddhist temples at Heijō-kyō are named together as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, including 
 Daian-ji (大安寺)
 Yakushi-ji (薬師寺)
 Kōfuku-ji (興福寺)
 Gangō-ji (元興寺)
 Suzakumon (朱雀門, reconstruction) 
 Saidai-ji (西大寺)
 Tōdai-ji (東大寺)
 Daikokuden (大極殿, reconstruction)

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan
 Capital of Japan

References

Other websites

 Jô-Bô System of Heijô-Kyô 
 Nara (Heijô-kyô) — The Capital of Japan in the 8th Century 

Former capitals of Japan
8th century in Japan
First Spaceship on Venus is a science fiction movie that came out in 1959. It is rated PG for parental guidance. It is 130 minutes long. It is directed by Kurt Maetzig.

Other websites 

1959 science fiction movies
German-language movies
Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam () (2002), meaning Of Parashurama and Rama, is a Sanskrit epic poem (Mahākāvya) made by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (1950–) in 2002. It is made of 2121 verses in 40 Sanskrit and Prakrit metres and is separated into 21 cantos (Sargas) and each contains 101 verses. The epic is the story of the two Rama Avatars – Parashurama and Rama. This is found in the Ramayana and other Hindu books. Bhārgava is used for Parashurama, as he was born in the family of the religious teacher Maharishi Bhrigu, while Rāghava is used for to Rama as he was born in the royal family of king Raghu. The poet was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit in 2005, and many other awards for this work.

A copy of the epic with a Hindi commentary by the poet himself was published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh. The book was released by the then prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee on October 30, 2002.

Notes

Works cited
Notes

Works cited

Other websites
 A Sanskrit only text of the epic 
 A list of corrections in the published version 
 The single consonant verses from the epic with the Sanskrit commentary by the poet

Epic poems
Sanskrit
Indian literature
This article is about the French national capital in general. For the current capital, see Paris.

The capital of France is Paris.  In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Paris.

History
List of capitals of France
Tournai (before 486)
Soissons (486-ca. 900)
Paris (900-1419) The residence of the kings of France, but they were consecrated at Reims.
Orléans (1108) One of the few consecrations of a French monarch to occur outside of Reims occurred at Orléans, when Louis VI the Fat was consecrated in Orléans Cathedral by Daimbert, archbishop of Sens and from 13 December 1560 to 31 January 1561, the French States-General met here. 
Troyes (1419–1422) For a short time during the Hundred Years' War, the town was the seat of the royal government.
Bourges (1422–1444) Charles VII was forced to flee from Paris.
Tours (1444—1527) Louis XI made château de Plessis-lez-Tours his residence.
Paris (1528—1588) Francis I had established his court in Paris
Tours (1589—1594) faction of parliamentarians, faithful to the king was sitting at Tours.
Paris (1594—1661)
Paris (1661-1682) Paris is the official capital, but Louis XIV disputed that Versalles will be the politic centre.
Versailles (1682–1715) In 1682, Louis XIV made Versailles his residence. 
Paris (1715–1722)
Versailles (1722–1789) On October 5 and 6, 1789, a throng from Paris invaded the castle and forced the royal family to move back to Paris. The National Constituent Assembly followed the king to Paris soon afterward, and Versailles lost its role of capital city.
Paris (1789–1871)
Versailles (1871–1879) The French Third Republic established Versailles as its seat of government in March 1871 after the Paris Commune took control of Paris.
Paris (1879–1914, 1914-1940)
Bordeaux (September 1914) The French government was relocated from Paris to Bordeaux very briefly during World War I, when it was feared that Paris would soon fall into German hands. These fears were alleviated after the German Army was pushed back at the First Battle of the Marne
Tours (10–13 June 1940) Tours served as the temporary capital of France during the Second World War after the government fled Paris due to the German advance.
Bordeaux (June 1940) The French government was relocated from Paris to Tours then Bordeaux very briefly during World War II, when it became apparent that Paris would soon fall into German hands.
Vichy (1940-1944) The Parliament abolished the French Third Republic here and replaced it with the French State.
Paris (1944–present) With the liberation of Paris in 1944, Charles de Gaulle established the Provisional Government of the French Republic, restoring Paris as the French capital.
References

 
History of France
The PDB is useful for scientists studying structural biology and structural genomics. Many scientists have to send their information to the database. Major scientific journals and some funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health in the United States have rules telling scientists to send the data to the PDB. The PDB has the original or primary data. Hundreds of other databases reuse the data. These secondary databases organize the information in different ways. For example, both SCOP and CATH put structures into groups organized by type of structure and ideas about how they are related through evolution. Gene ontology puts the data into groups based on genes.

References
References

Related pages
 Database of Molecular Motions
 The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) – parent site to regional hosts (below)
 RCSB Protein Data Bank (USA)
 PDBe (Europe)
 PDBj (Japan)
 BMRB, Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank (USA)
 wwPDB Documentation – documentation on both the PDB and PDBML file formats
 Looking at Structures  – The RCSB's introduction to crystallography
 PDBsum Home Page – Extracts data from other databases about PDB structures.
 Nucleic Acid Database, NDB – a PDB mirror especially for searching for nucleic acids
 Introductory PDB tutorial sponsored by PDB 

Chemistry
Proteins
Dhok Padhal () is a village in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan.

Geography
The village is at 32° 58' 40" North, 73° 30' 40" East and has an altitude of 275 metres (905 ft) Falling Rain Genomics and has an area of about .It lies 10 km west of Dina, 5 km north of Rohtas and 30 km north east of Tilla Jogian.

Related pages
Dhok padhal map
school name

Villages in Punjab (Pakistan)
Jhelum District
The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijani: Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист РеспубликасыAzərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikası; Russian: Азербайджанская Советская Социалистическая Республика [АзССР] Azerbaydzhanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika [AzSSR]), also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union.

It was founded on April 28, 1920 as the Azerbaijan SSR. From March 12, 1922 to December 5, 1936, it was part of the Transcaucasian SFSR together with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR. In December 1922, the Transcaucasian SFSR became part of the newly established Soviet Union. The Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR was approved by the 9th Extraordinary All-Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets on March 14, 1937. On November 19, 1990, the Azerbaijan SSR was renamed the "Republic of Azerbaijan" while still a part of the Soviet Union for another year before its collapse and the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991.

References
Plitvice Lakes is a World Heritage Site and National Park in Croatia. 
Waters flowing over the limestone and chalk have deposited minerals, and created natural dams. The result is a series of beautiful lakes, caves and waterfalls. The forests in the park are home to bears, wolves and many rare birds.

Plitvice is the oldest national park in southeast Europe and the largest national park in Croatia. It was founded in 1949 and is in the mountainous karst area of central Croatia, at the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 1979, Plitvice Lakes was one of the first natural sites added to the UNESCO World Heritage register. Each year, more than 900,000 visitors are recorded.

The lakes are renowned for their distinctive colours, ranging from azure to green, grey or blue. The colours change constantly depending on the quantity of minerals or organisms in the water and the angle of sunlight.

Wildlife
Wildlife

Plants 
The area includes forests, meadows and water plants; ecologically it ranges from Alpine to Mediterranean conditions. Of over 1,000 types of plant, 75 are endemic, found naturally only here, and 55 are species of orchids.

Animals 
The park is home to a wide variety of animal and bird species. Rare fauna such as the European brown bear, wolf, eagle, owl, lynx, wild cat, capercaillie and many bats are there, with many more common species. 
157 species of birds have been recorded, 70 of which nest in the area. 12 amphibian species and lizards, snakes and turtles are there also.

References 

Geography of Croatia
World Heritage Sites in Europe
National parks in Europe
Jaat is a community of traditionally non elite peasants in northern India and Pakistan.

History
Jats had its origins in pastoralism in the lower Indus valley of Sindh until they were forced northwards due to the Islamic conquests.
"... (North India) contained large numbers of non-elite tillers.Like many similar titles used elsewhere, this was not so much a caste name as a broad designation for the man of substance in rural terrain. … To be called  Jat has in some regions implied a background of pastoralism, though it has more commonly been a designation of non-servile cultivating people".

Many Jat people serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the Punjab Regiment.[69].

Distribution
Jaats inhabited throughout the Punjab region, Sindh and some other northwestern parts of Subcontinent.

References
References

Further reading
 Census Of India 1911 Volume XIV Punjab Part 2 by Pandit Narikishan Kaul
 'A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province' by H.A. Rose, Page 354, published in 1919.

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnic groups in India
Haryana
Punjab
Sikhism
Sapote (from Nahuatl tzapotl) is a word for a soft, edible fruit. The word is part of the names of several plants from Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America that have fruits. 

Some but not all sapotes come from the family Sapotaceae:

 Sapotaceae sapotes:
 Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) is native to Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Belize, and possibly El Salvador. 
 Yellow sapote (Pouteria campechiana) is from Mexico and Central America.
 Mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) is from southern Mexico to northern South America.
 Green sapote (Pouteria viridis) is native to lowland southern Mexico.

 Ebenaceae sapotes:
 Black sapote (Diospyros digyna) is from eastern Mexico south to Colombia. This is probably the original Aztec tzapotl.
 Chapote (Diospyros texana) is from the lower Rio Grande valley region in Texas and Mexico
Other sapotes
 White sapote (Casimiroa edulis: Rutaceae) is from northern and central Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala.
 South American sapote (Quararibea cordata: Malvaceae) is from the Amazon rainforests of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

References

Tropical fruit
"Hansel and Gretel" () is a fairy tale from Germany. The Brothers Grimm heard it from Dortchen Wild in Cassel and published it in their Children's and Household Tales in 1812. The Grimms revised the tale over the years. They gave the children names, changed the mother to a stepmother, and introduced Christian motifs. Their final version is dated 1857. The tale has been adapted to many media, most notably the opera Hänsel und Gretel (1893) by Engelbert Humperdinck. A stop-motion animated movie based on the opera was made in the 1950s.
Story 
Hansel and Gretel are a young brother and sister who learn their parents intend to abandon them in the forest. Despite their situation, Hansel and Gretel’s spirits remained high.They find their way home by leaving a trail of pebbles. One day, however, their parents succeed. The children wander the forest and come upon a house made of cake and candy. It belongs to an old woman who makes the children prisoners. Although, she intends to eat them, she fails. Gretel outwits her. She pushes the old woman into the oven and slams the door. The two poor kids escaped and lived happily ever after.

References 
 Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. The Classic Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 236-7.
 Tatar, Maria. 2002. The Annoted Classic Fairy Tales. Norton. pp. 44-5.
 Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2002. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Norton. pp. 225-6.

Grimms' Fairy Tales
Hurricane Hattie was a very powerful and deadly Atlantic storm in the western Caribbean Sea in autumn 1961. The storm struck Belize and parts of nearby countries, killing more than 300. This hurricane, because of how strong it was, would have been a Category Five on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The name Hattie was later retired.

Deadly storms
1961 in North America
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
1960s in weather
Hattie
Singapore has sent athletes to most Summer Olympic Games held since 1948. The country was created as a separate British Crown Colony from the Straits Settlements about three months before the start of the 1948 Summer Olympics. It sent a team to the Games until 1964. 

At that time, Singapore was part of Malaysia. The team from Malaysia included people from Singapore. When Singapore became independent from Malaysia in 1965, the country began sending its own team again. It sent a team for every summer games after then, except in 1980. The country boycotted the 1980 games along with many other countries. No athletes from Singapore have been in any Winter Olympic Games.