Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Other websites

French biologists
French movie directors
French movie producers
Writers from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Members of the Académie française
Oceanographers
Ecologists
Order of Australia
People from Gironde
French photographers
Television directors
Television producers
1910 births
1997 deaths
Orpiment is a mineral. Its chemical formula is As2S3. It is an orange to yellow mineral. It has a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and a specific gravity of 3.46. It melts at 300°C and oxidizes to arsenic trioxide at higher temperatures. It is toxic because it gets a layer of arsenic trioxide on it by oxidation in the air.

Orpiment was used as a pigment because it was one of the only yellow pigments that they could find. It is used to remove hair from hides. 

Minerals
Realgar is a mineral. Its chemical formula is As4S4. It is a soft (Mohs hardness 1.5 to 2) red mineral. It is an ore of arsenic. It changes into a yellow powder when exposed to light. This yellow powder is called pararealgar. It melts at 320°C and burns with a blue flame, making arsenic and sulfur fumes. It was used to make a white color in fireworks before powdered metals were used. It is still used in some crackling firecrackers. It was used as a red pigment and an item of trade. It is used as a medicine in China. Its uses are similar to orpiment, a similar mineral.

Minerals
PepsiCo, Inc. is an American multinational food, snack and beverage corporation headquartered in Harrison, New York, in the hamlet of Purchase. PepsiCo manufactures, marketing, and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company (not to be confused with the Coca-Cola Company) and Frito-Lay, Inc.

References

American food companies
Companies based in New York (state)
1965 establishments in the United States
American drink companies
Creative destruction (German: schöpferische Zerstörung) is a term that came from Marxism. It talks about how wealth is gathered and lost under capitalism. The term was first used in Werner Sombart's  Krieg und Kapitalismus ("War and Capitalism", 1913) These ideas were first discussed in books The Communist Manifesto (1848), in Grundrisse (1857) "Volume IV" of Das Kapital (1863).

Origin and meaning 

Creative destruction is supposed to describe a theory of how the destruction of economic order leads to capitalistic economic ideals. A German Marxist sociologist (Sombart) is credited for using it first in his 1913 book Krieg und Kapitalismus, which means "War and Capitalism" in English. The works and publications of Marxists such as Karl Marx himself, and Friedrich Engels, a socialist scientist, discuss the ideas of creative destruction.
In and after the 1950s, the term became associated with Austrian-American economist Joseph Schumpeter. Schumpeter is credited for making the theory popular. However, his idea of creative destruction was quite different from Marx's original theory. The term gained popularity within neoliberal or free-market economics where it is used to described processes such as downsizing. The original Marxist usage has, however, been maintained in the work of influential social scientists such as David Harvey, Marshall Berman, and Manuel Castells.

Marxism
Capitalism
Economics
William Sanford Nye (born November 27, 1955), often known as Bill Nye the Science Guy, is an American actor, comedian, engineer, and educator.  He is most known for hosting the children’s TV show Bill Nye the Science Guy. Nye is also the CEO of The Planetary Society. Nye was born in Washington, D.C. and went to school at Cornell University. Early in his life, Nye worked as an engineer for Boeing in Seattle. He also was a member of the Seattle comedy troupe Almost Live!.  He hosted Bill Nye the Science Guy from 1993 to 1997.  Since then, he has hosted several TV shows and specials concerned with science and the environment.  He also designed the sundial on the Mars Rover.  Nye currently lives in the San Fernando Valley.

References 

1955 births
Living people
Engineers from Washington, D.C.
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
Cornell University alumni
The Coca-Cola Company is a publicly-traded (sold on the stock market) company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock symbol is KO. It is on the Dow Jones Industrial Average and makes up a large portion of the holdings of Berkshire Hathaway.

Soft drinks
The company is most known for making the drink Coca-Cola, the most drank soft drink in the world. It also makes other soft drinks, including:

 Barq's
 Diet Coke
 Coca-Cola Cherry (Cherry Coke)
 Fanta
 Sprite
 Tab
 Mr. Pibb
 Mello Yellow
 Vault

Business
The company offers 500 different brands and sells more than a billion drinks each day. Most of this is sold in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan and the UK.

Besides soft drinks, the company also makes Minute Maid and Odwalla fruit juices, Powerade, and Dasani bottled water. At one time, the company owned Columbia Pictures, but they are now owned by Sony and also Rockstar energy drink now owned by PepsiCo.

Sources
Sources

1892 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Atlanta
Coca-Cola
19th-century establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Examples are smoke, oceanic haze, air pollution, smog and CS gas. When they say aerosol most people mean an aerosol spray can or the spray it makes. 

To differentiate suspensions from true solutions, the term sol evolved—originally meant to cover dispersions of tiny (sub-microscopic) particles in a liquid. With studies of dispersions in air, the term aerosol evolved and now embraces both liquid droplets, solid particles, and combinations of these.

Physical chemistry
Pollution
The Al Ikhwan el Muslimeen, 
the  Society of the Muslim Brothers, often called the Muslim Brotherhood, or The Brotherhood, is an Islamist movement. Today, it exists in many states and often is one of the largest political opposition groups. The group is the world's oldest and largest Islamic political group, and the "world's most influential Islamist movement". Hassan al-Banna founded the group in Egypt in 1928.

Goals

The Brotherhood's stated goal is to instill the Qur'an and Sunnah as the "sole reference point for ... ordering the life of the Muslim family, individual, community ... and state". Since it was created, in 1928 the movement has officially opposed violent means to achieve its goals, with some exceptions such as in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict or to overthrow secular Ba'athist rule in Syria (see Hama massacre). This position has been questioned, particularly by the Egyptian government, which accused the group of a campaign of killings in Egypt after World War II.

In Egypt
In Egypt

The Muslim Brotherhood is banned in Egypt. People have been arrested because they participated in the group. To circumvent this ban, supporters of the group often run for office as independent candidates.

Outside Egypt

Outside Egypt, the group's political activity is more traditional and conservative. Inside Egypt, the group is modernist and wants reforms to happen. 
In Kuwait,for example, the Muslim Brotherhood says that women should not have a right to vote in elections. The Brotherhood condemned terrorism and the 9/11 attacks. Whether the group has ties to terrorist organisations is disputed. 

The question  whether and how to use violence has also led to disputes inside the movement. At times, those in favour of using violence split from the main group and created their own groups. Examples of such groups are Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Group) and Al Takfir Wal Hijra (Excommunication and Migration).
Among the Brotherhood's more influential members was Sayyid Qutb. Qutb was the author of one of Islamism's most important books, Milestones. The book called for the restoration of Islam by re-establishing the Sharia and by using "physical power and Jihad for abolishing the organizations and authorities of the Jahili system. Qutb believed these included the entire Muslim world.  The book also reveals that Qutb no longer held the Brotherhood's ideas and that he was closer to the ideas of Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is concluded in the introduction and dedication of the book"     While studying at university, Osama bin Laden claimed to have been influenced by the religious and political ideas of several professors with strong ties to the Muslim Brotherhood including both Sayyid Qutb and his brother Muhammad Qutb
. However, once Al Qaeda was fully organized, they denounced the Muslim Brotherhood's reform through nonviolence and accused them of "betraying the cause of Islam and abandoning their 'jihad' in favour of forming political parties and supporting modern state institutions".
The Brotherhood is financed by contributions from its members, who are required to allocate a part of their income to the movement. Some of these contributions are from members who live in oil-rich countries.

References

Islamic organizations based in Egypt
1928 establishments
20th-century establishments in Egypt
Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), originally called al-Jihad, is an Egyptian terrorist group based on an extreme interpretation of Islam. It has been active since the late 1970s. It is under worldwide embargo by the United Nations as a group linked to al-Qaeda. It is also banned by several governments around the world, including that of the Russian Federation.  

Since 1991 it has been led by Ayman al-Zawahiri, who is now the leader of al-Qaeda. According to Zawahiri, the EIJ was "different from the Takfir wal Hijra group as we do not consider people infidels because of their sins. And we are different from the Muslim Brotherhood because sometimes they do not oppose the government".

The organization's original main goal was to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state based on the way it thought Islam should be. Later it broadened its aims to include attacking the United States and Israel, and other interests in Egypt and abroad.
Islamic Jihad was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Sadat's Sinai treaty with Israel, which recognized the Jewish state, made them very angry.

Link with Al Qaeda 
In June 2001, Al Qaeda and Egyptian Islamic Jihad, which had been associated with each other for many years, merged into 'Qaeda al-Jihad'.

"...the members of Islamic Jihad and its guiding figure, Ayman al-Zawahiri, have provided the backbone of [al-Quaeda's] leadership. According to officials in the C.I.A. and the F.B.I., Zawahiri has been responsible for much of the planning of the terrorist operations against the United States".

References 

Islamic terrorism
Rebel militia groups in Africa
1970s establishments in Egypt
Islamic organizations‎ based in Egypt
Joseph Henry "Bad Joe" Hall (May 3, 1881 – April 5, 1919) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Hall played senior and professional hockey from 1902 to 1919, when he died as a result of the influenza epidemic of 1918. He won the Stanley Cup twice with the Quebec Bulldogs and once with the Kenora Thistles.

Playing career

Hall was born in Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom and grew up in Brandon, Manitoba. Nicknamed "Bad Joe" for his aggressiveness on the ice, he played in the Manitoba Hockey Association with the Brandon Wheat Kings, Winnipeg Rowing Club and the Kenora Thistles, and in the National Hockey Association as a member of the Quebec Bulldogs. He played for the Montreal Canadiens in their first two seasons in the National Hockey League from 1917-1919.
Hall won the Stanley Cup with the Kenora Thistles in 1907, for which he received a "loving cup" which is on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame. He won the Cup with the Quebec Bulldogs in 1912 and 1913.  He also challenged for the Stanley Cup in 1904 with the Winnipeg Rowing Club.

1919 Stanley Cup Final

In 1919, Hall was part of the Montreal Canadiens team that made it to the Stanley Cup Finals.  The Finals were interrupted and eventually cancelled due to an outbreak of Spanish influenza. The flu was contracted by several players on both the Canadiens and their opponents, the Seattle Metropolitans. Hall would eventually succumb to pneumonia, related to his influenza, in a hospital in Seattle, Washington just four days after the Stanley Cup Final series was abandoned.

He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961.

Career statistics
Career statistics

Awards and achievements
IHL First Team All-Star (1906)
Stanley Cup Championships (1907 - Kenora, 1912 & 1913 - Quebec)
Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961
"Honoured Member" of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

In fiction
In Roy MacGregor's The Ghost of the Stanley Cup in his The Screech Owls series of hockey books, "Bad" Joe Hall is named as the haunting spirit.

Other websites
 
Joe Hall's biography at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

1881 births
1919 deaths
Deaths from influenza
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
Montreal Canadiens players
Montreal Wanderers players
Stanley Cup champions
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA) players
Glen A. Hanlon (; born February 20, 1957 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired National Hockey League (NHL) goaltender and a former head coach of the Washington Capitals of the NHL, Dynamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), and the Belarusian national ice hockey team. He was a goaltender scout for the Vancouver Canucks. On March 24, 2010 he was named head coach of Slovak national ice hockey team.

Career statistics

Regular season

Post season

NHL coaching record

SM-Liiga coaching record

Awards and achievements
WCJHL First All-Star Team (1976 & 1977)
WCJHL Goaltender of the Year (1977)
CHL Rookie of the Year (1978)
CHL First All-Star Team (1978)
“Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

References

Other websites

Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com
1957 births
Adirondack Red Wings players
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Central Professional Hockey League players
Detroit Red Wings players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
New Haven Nighthawks players
New York Rangers players
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
St. Louis Blues players
Vancouver Canucks players
Playing career
Johnson spent four seasons at Boston University before spending a year with the Canadian National Ice Hockey Team.  In 1998, Johnson moved to the United Kingdom's British Ice Hockey Superleague with the London Knights.  He then moved to the Bracknell Bees and won the Superleague title with the team.  Johnson then moved to the Belfast Giants in 2000 and became a huge fan favourite during a six-year spell which saw him win another Superleague title in 2002, the playoff cup in 2003 and the Elite League title in 2006 as well as becoming an all-star.  In 2006, Johnson moved to the Sheffield Steelers, but midway through the season, Johnson signed with the Slough Jets.  In 2007, Johnson returned to Sheffield for a brief spell and had another brief spell with the Cardiff Devils before he rejoined the Giants.  Johnson retired at the end of the 2009-2010 season. Johnson also played for the Great Britain national ice hockey team and is now a British citizen.

Other websites
Other websites

1974 births
British ice hockey players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
Living people
Minute Maid is an American drink company. It is owned by The Coca-Cola Company. Minute Maid makes juices, lemonade and other soft drinks. Minute Maid was the first company to make orange juice from concentrate. It makes an orange drink called 'Minute Maid Pulpy'. It contains juice with a large amount of orange pulp. Now 'Minute Maid Pulpy' comes in four variants, orange, tropical, o'mango (orange mango) and lemon. Now 'Minute Maid Pulpy Aloe Vera' contains juice with a lot of aloe vera pieces. It came in white grape.

1945 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Texas
American drink companies
Playing career
Johnstone played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Canada Hockey League from 1971 to 1974. After two 100 point seasons in a row with Medicine Hat, Johnstone was drafted 104th overall by the New York Rangers in the 1974 NHL Amateur Draft, and 78th overall by the Michigan Stags in the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft. He played 23 games for the Stags in 1974–75 and played in the American Hockey League for the Providence Reds. Johnstone started his National Hockey League career in 1975–76, scoring 3 points in 10 games. Johnstone played for the Rangers until the end of the 1982–83 season, before being traded to the Detroit Red Wings along with Ron Duguay and Eddie Mio for Mike Blaisdell, Willie Huber, and Mark Osborne. He played for the Red Wings and their AHL minor league affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings before retiring in 1987.

Awards and achievements
Named to the AHL First All-Star Team in 1977.
Played in NHL All-Star Game (1981)

Career statistics

Other websites
Other websites
 

1954 births
Adirondack Red Wings players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
Living people
Medicine Hat Tigers players
New Haven Nighthawks players
New York Rangers players
Providence Reds players
World Hockey Association players
No Protection is the name of a dub remix of Massive Attack's second album Protection.  The remix was done by the British dub producer Mad Professor.  Mad Professor was contacted by Massive Attack after Protection was released to remix a song for a single.  After the single was remixed, the band asked Mad Professor to listen to more of the album to find the possibility of more remixes.  The project then became a track by track remix of almost the entire album. Mad Professor heavily edited the original material to form a slow, pulsating mix in which the beat is emphasized, reverb is extensively used and the occasional vocals (many of the tracks are almost entirely instrumental) fade in-and-out in normal dub fashion, making a hypnotic, if hi

nice

repetitive, mix. The result is, on paper, more textured than the original, but loses any sense of the jazzy feel of Protection.

Track listing
Track listing

"Radiation Ruling the Nation" (based on "Protection") – 1:35
"Bumper Ball Dub" (based on "Karmacoma") – 5:59
"Trinity Dub" (based on "Three") – 4:22
"Cool Monsoon" (based on "Weather Storm") – 7:10
"Eternal Feedback" (based on "Sly") – 6:26
"Moving Dub" (based on "Better Things") – 5:57
"I Spy" (based on "Spying Glass") – 5:07
"Backward Sucking" (based on "Heat Miser") – 6:17

Reviews
Ink Blot Magazine 
Rolling Stone Magazine 
Trouser Press

References

Other websites
Mad Professor MySpace Page
Massive Attack Home Page

Massive Attack albums
1995 albums
Trip hop albums
Bauhaus were an English gothic rock band formed in Northampton in March 1978. The group was of Peter Murphy (vocals), Daniel Ash (guitar), Kevin Haskins (drums) and David J (bass). The band was originally Bauhaus 1919 before they dropped the number part of their name within a year of formation. With their dark and gloomy sound and image, Bauhaus are generally known the first gothic rock group.

Bauhaus first broke up in 1983. Peter Murphy began a solo career while the other members continued as Tones on Tail and, later, Love and Rockets. Both enjoyed greater commercial success in the United States than Bauhaus had, but disappeared from the charts in their homeland. The band reunited for a 1998 tour and on a more permanent basis in 2005. The group announced plans to break up again following the release of their final album, Go Away White, in 2008.

References

English musical groups
Fear of the Dark is a studio album by Iron Maiden.  It went on sale on 11 May 1992. It was the most popular album in the United Kingdom when it started being sold.

The album got mixed reviews. One person who reviewed it said that it was a "return to form," but had too many songs that were boring on it.

Musicians
 Bruce Dickinson – vocals, bass guitar
 Dave Murray – guitar
 Janick Gers – guitar
 Steve Harris – bass guitar, backing vocals
 Nicko McBrain – drums

Track listing

References

Iron Maiden albums
1992 albums
Louise Élisabeth de France (Marie Louise Élisabeth; 14 August 1727 – 6 December 1759) was the eldest daughter of King Louis XV of France and Maria Leszczyńska. She married Infante Philip, younger son of Philip V of Spain, and later became Duchess of Parma.

Princess of France

Baptised with the names Marie Louise Élisabeth she was the twin of Henriette of France. She was known at court as Madame Royale, Madame Première or Madame Élisabeth. Within the family she was known Babette. She was he fathers favourite daughter.

Marriage

She was forced to marry Infante Philip of Spain by proxy on 26 August 1739. not having met her future husband beforehand. Afterwards, she was known as Madame Infante at the court of Louis XV. The marriage ceremony took place on 25 October 1739. She was known as Madame Infante at Versailles after her marriage.
Louise Élisabeth travelled to Madrid to the court of Philip V of Spain who was in fact her great uncle. The strict court etiquette was made worse by her mother-in-law, Elisabeth Farnese, who disliked Louise Élisabeth.

Duchess of Parma

Louise Élisabeth was able to leave Spain in 1748 when her husband was created Duke of Parma thanks to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) which ended the War of the Austrian Succession. At Louis XV's instigation, Philip was given Parma as Louise Élisabeth had frequently asked him to bestow territory on her husband. En route to Parma, Louise Élisabeth went to Versailles arriving there in December 1748. During her stay she became acquainted with Madame de Pompadour. She arrived in Parma in October 1749 where she imported French court manners and cuisine. She also redecorated the Ducal Palace of Colorno in the French style.
At the death of her twin sister in 1752, Louise Élisabeth returned to France in September to visit her tomb at Saint-Denis. She was expected to stay for only a few weeks, but remained in Versailles for almost a year. 

Louise Élisabeth was bored when she returned to Parma, and sought a wider realm to rule. She allied herself with Empress Maria Theresa, who promised Louise Élisabeth the throne of the Southern Netherlands, which had been returned to Austrian rule under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. This alliance was to be cemented by the marriage of her daughter Princess Isabella to Archduke Joseph of Austria. The marriage took place in 1760.

While back at Versailles, Louise Élisabeth died of smallpox. She was buried on 27 March 1760 at Saint-Denis Basilica beside her sister, Henriette. Their tombs were destroyed during the French Revolution.

Issue
Issue

Princess Isabella of Parma (31 December 1741 – 27 November 1763) married Archduke Joseph of Austria and had issue.
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma (20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) married Maria Amalia of Austria and had issue.
Princess Maria Luisa of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) married her cousin, the Charles IV of Spain and had issue.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

14 August 1727 – 25 October 1739 Her Royal Highness Madame Royale
25 October 1739 - 18 October 1748 Her Royal Highness Doña Luisa Isabel, Infanta of Spain
18 October 1748 - 6 December 1759 Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, Infanta of Spain
In France the princess was informally known as Madame Infante.

Other websites

Bourbons of Parma
Dukes and Duchesses of Parma
Spanish infantes and infantas
Deaths from smallpox
1727 births
1759 deaths
People from Versailles
Gordon Thomas Lawrence Lane (born March 31, 1953 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a retired Canadian ice hockey defenceman.

References

Other websites

Gord Lane's biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame 

1953 births
Living people
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
New Westminster Bruins players
New York Islanders players
Springfield Indians players
Stanley Cup champions
Washington Capitals players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Maria Josepha of Saxony (Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria; 4 November 1731 – 13 March 1767) was a Dauphine of France and daughter-in-law of Louis XV. Marie Josèphe was the mother of three kings of France, including the doomed Louis XVI, who died under the guillotine during the French Revolution. Her youngest daughter, Madame Élisabeth, also was beheaded during the Revolution.

Family

Maria Josepha was born at Dresden Castle to Augustus III of Poland. She was named after her mother Maria Josepha of Austria. Her mother was a first cousin of Maria Theresa of Austria. Maria Josepha was the eighth of fifteen children and the fourth daughter. Her oldest sister Maria Amalia had married the future Charles III of Spain.

Marriage
Marriage

She was married to the Dauphin of France on 9 February 1747, Maria Josepha of Saxony married Louis of France. The dauphin had been married to Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain who had died in childbirth in 1746. In France the Saxon princess was known as Marie-Josèphe de Saxe. The dauphin mourned the death of his first wife but would eventually fall in love with Marie Josèphe. Like her husband, Marie Josèphe was very devout. She was the mother of some eight children, her favourite being Louis, Duke of Burgundy who died young. Politically reserved, she exerted herself only once, in 1762, in vain, for the preservation of the Society of Jesus in France. The Society had been dissolved by the King on the initiative of the duc de Choiseul and Madame de Pompadour.
The death of her husband, in December 1765, she sank into a deep depression for the rest of her life. Her health declined and she died on 13 March 1767 of tuberculosis and was buried at Sens Cathedral and her heart was taken to the Basilica of Saint Denis.

Issue

Marie Zéphyrine of France (26 August 1750 - 1 September 1755) died in infancy.
Louis Joseph Xavier of France, Duke of Burgundy (13 September 1751 - 22 March 1761) died in infancy.
Xavier of France, Duke of Aquitaine (8 September 1753 -22 February 1754_
Louis XVI of France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) married Marie Antoinette and had issue.
Louis XVIII of France (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824) married Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy, no issue.
Charles X of France (9 October 1757 - 6 November 1836) married Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy and had issue
Marie Clotilde of France (23 September 1759 – 7 March 1802) married Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia, no issue.
Élisabeth of France (3 May 1764 – 10 May 1794) died unmarried.
Maria Josepha also had a stillborn son in 1748 and again in 1749. A stillborn daughter in 1752; Stillborn son in 1756. She also miscarried a son in 1762.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

4 November, 1731 - 9 February 1747 Her Highness Duchess Maria Josepha of Saxony
9 February 1747 – 20 December 1765 Her Royal Highness The Dauphine of France
 20 December 1765 – 13 March 1767 Her Royal Highness The Dowager Dauphine of France

References

Other websites

1731 births
1767 deaths
Burials at the Basilica of St Denis
Dauphins and Dauphines of France
House of Bourbon
House of Wettin
People from Saxony
Robert McVicar (born January 15, 1982 in Hay River, Northwest Territories) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender with one game of NHL experience.

Playing career 
McVicar grew up in Brandon, Manitoba, where he played junior hockey for the Brandon Wheat Kings of the WHL for the four seasons 1999-2000 to 2002-2003. He was the 151st overall pick of the Canucks in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. For most of three seasons, from 2003-2004 to 2005-2006, McVicar played in the AHL for the Manitoba Moose; with the exception of 19 games played in the ECHL with the Columbia Inferno during the 2003-2004 season; 33 games played in the ECHL with the Victoria Salmon Kings during the 2005-2006 season; and one game played in the NHL with the Vancouver Canucks during the 2005-2006 season. In McVicar's only NHL appearance, on December 1, 2005 against the Edmonton Oilers, he played 3 minutes without facing a shot.
During the 2006-2007 season he played in the ECHL with the Utah Grizzlies, and during the 2007-2008 season he played in the CHL with the Arizona Sundogs. He signed with TOTEMPO HvIK for the 2008-2009 season.

On February 2, 2009 McVicar joined the Hamburg Freezers. His contract was confirmed after bankruptcy from Totempo.

References

Other websites

1982 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
ECHL players
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
Living people
Manitoba Moose players
Vancouver Canucks players
Przemysł II (also given in English and Latin as Premyslas or Premislaus,  or less properly ) (14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296) was the Duke of Poznań, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerania, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death.

1257 births
1296 deaths
Kings of Poland
People from Poznań
Piast dynasty
Polish dukes
Henry IV Probus (Latin for the Righteous) (; ) (c. 1258 – 23 June 1290) was a Duke of the Silesian territory of Wrocław (Lower Silesia) starting in 1266, and starting in 1288 High Duke of the Seniorate Province of Kraków until his death in 1290.

He was the only son of Henry III the White, Duke of Wrocław, by his first wife Judith, daughter of Duke Konrad I of Masovia.

1250s births
1290 deaths
Polish dukes
Piast dynasty
Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (6 July 1923 - 25 May 2014) was a Polish military officer and politician. He was leader from 1981-1989 and the first President of Poland from July 1989 to December 1990.

Personal life
Jaruzelski came from a family of Polish gentry. He was a son of Władysław Jaruzelski.

Military and political career

Selected by the Soviets for officer training in 1943, he served in the military working for Stalin,from 1943-1953 and Beria,Malenkov,and,Molotov,in 1953 and,Khrushchev,from 1955-1964,and Brezhnev,from 1964-1982,Andropov,from 1982-1984 and,Chernenko,from 1984-1985 and Gorbachev,from 1985 until 1989 . In total he worked for 46 year’s from 1943-1989 . He was the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie) and chairman of the Polish United Workers Party 1981-1989. Jaruzelski was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland from 1981-1985 and remained as head of state until 1990 as Poland's last communist leader. He resigned to allow for democratic elections.
In 1981, Jaruzelski ordered a brutal crackdown on people who did not agree with the Communist government of Poland. Jaruzelski imposed martial law in Poland on 13 December 1981 to stop pro-democracy movements including Solidarity, the first non-Communist trade union in the Warsaw Pact.

In 2005, Jaruzelski said he was happy that Poland joined NATO for reasons of security and the European Union for reasons of economic development.

Death
Jaruzelski died on 25 May 2014, in a Warsaw hospital after having a stroke earlier that month.

References

Other websites

Jaruzelski's official website

1923 births
2014 deaths
Polish communist politicians
Polish generals
Presidents of Poland
Prime Ministers of Poland
Former dictators
World War II people
Cadmium chloride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdCl2. It has cadmium and chloride ions in it. The cadmium is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Cadmium chloride is a colorless solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is toxic and carcinogenic (causes cancer). It is mostly ionic but a little covalent. It reacts with bases to make cadmium oxide.

Preparation
Cadmium chloride is made by reacting cadmium oxide, cadmium, or cadmium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. It can also be made by mixing cadmium and chlorine.

Uses
It is used to make yellow cadmium sulfide, which is used as a pigment. It is also used to make organocadmium compounds. It is also used for electroplating.

Related pages
Cadmium sulfate
Zinc chloride
Mercury chloride

Cadmium compounds
Chlorine compounds
Chościsko – according to Gallus Anonymus it is the name of father of Piast Kołodziej, the founder of the Piast Dynasty. His name (originating possibly from Old Polish word for a tail chost/chwost) appears in the Chronicle of Gall of Anonym three times. It is likely that the name in in fact a title of prince Popiel due to his long hair.

Piast dynasty
Cadmium sulfate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdSO4. It is made of cadmium and sulfate ions. The cadmium is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Cadmium sulfate is a white solid. It easily dissolves in water. It is toxic and carcinogenic.

Preparation
Cadmium sulfate is made by dissolving cadmium carbonate, cadmium oxide, or cadmium metal in sulfuric acid.

Uses
Cadmium sulfate is used to electroplate cadmium on electronic circuits. It is also used to make cadmium sulfide, a pigment. It is used as an electrolyte in a certain battery used to make voltmeters accurate.

Related pages
Cadmium telluride
Zinc sulfate
Mercury sulfate
Cadmium chloride

References

Cadmium compounds
Sulfur compounds
Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802. He abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I. He was the brother-in-law of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X of France.

Biography

Carlo Emanuele was born at the Royal Palace of Turin, the eldest son of Victor Amadeus, "Duke of Savoy" and Maria Antonia of Spain. From his birth till his succession he was styled "Prince of Piedmont". He was named after his grandfather Charles Emmanuel III and baptised Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria. 

In 1775 Charles Emmanuel married Marie Clotilde of France, the daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie Josèphe of Saxony, and sister of Louis XVI.  Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Charles Emmanuel and his wife became devoted to each other. Their attempts to have children, however, were unsuccessful.
He became king at the death of his father on 14 October 1796. In December 1798, the French occupied Turin and forced Charles Emmanuel to abdicate all his territories on the Italian mainland and to withdraw to the island of Sardinia. The following year he tried unsuccessfully to regain Piedmont. He and his wife lived in Rome and in Naples as guests of the rich Colonna family. 

On 7 March 1802 Charles Emmanuel's wife Marie Clothilde died. He was so moved by her death that he decided to abdicate on 4 June 1802 in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel. Charles Emmanuel retained the personal title of King.  
He died at the Palazzo Colonna in Rome and was buried in the Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

24 May 1751 – 16 October 1796 His Royal Highness The Prince of Piedmont
16 October 1796 – 4 June 1802 His Majesty The King of Sardinia
4 June 1802 – 6 October 1819 His Majesty King Charles Emmanuel

Other websites
Other websites

1751 births
1819 deaths
People from Turin
Princes and Princesses of Piedmont
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
House of Savoy
Jacobite pretenders
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Victor Emmanuel I (Vittorio Emanuele; 24 July 1759–10 January 1824) was King of Sardinia from 1802 to 1821.

Biography

Born at the  Royal Palace of Turin, he was the second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia of Spain. From birth he was known as the Duke of Aosta. His older brother Charles Emmanuel IV abdicated in 1802 and Victor Emmanuel succeeded him. He ruled Sardinia from Cagliari for the next twelve years as the mainland Kingdom of Sardinia had been captured by the French. 

Victor Emmanuel returned to Turin only in 1814, his realm reconstituted by the Congress of Vienna with the addition of the territories of the former Republic of Genoa. After the outbreak of the liberal revolution in his lands in 1821, he abdicated in favor of his brother, Charles Felix. Victor Emmanuel died in the Castle of Moncalieri. He is buried in the Basilica of Superga.

Family and children

On 21 April 1789, he married Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Modena.
Maria Beatrice of Savoy (1792–1840) married Francis IV, Duke of Modena and had issue.
 Maria Adelaide Clothilde Xaveria Borbonia of Savoy (1794-1802) died in infancy.
 Charles Emmanuel of Savoy (1796-1799) died of smallpox.
 A daughter (1800-1801) died in infancy.
 Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803-1879) married Charles II, Duke of Parma and had issue.
 Maria Anna of Savoy (1803–1884) married Ferdinand I of Austria.
 Maria Christina of Savoy (1812–1836) married Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and had issue.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

24 July 1759–4 June 1802 His Royal Highness The Duke of Aosta
4 June 1802–12 March 1821 His Majesty The King of Sardinia
12 March 1821–10 January 1824 His Majesty King Victor Emmanuel

Other websites

1759 births
People from Turin
Dukes and duchesses
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
Burials at the Basilica of Superga
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Jacobite pretenders
1824 deaths
Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, OM, GCMG, GCVO, KCB  (22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was an English army officer most known for starting the . He was born in Paddington, in the West End of London and went to British public schools before joining the army. Baden-Powell served in South Africa during the Anglo-Ashanti and Boer Wars, and also served in Malta. Baden-Powell's most notable service was at the Siege of Mafeking. For that, he became a major general, and later a lieutenant general, which he was until 1910. In 1907, he founded the Boy Scouts, and wrote the first Handbook for Boys.  He also started the Woodbadge program, which is based on Scoutcraft and things he learned from the Zulus. He also spied in Germany, Austria and Russia.
1857 births
1941 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights of Grace of the Order of St John
Order of Merit
People from London
Scouting
United Kingdom Barons
Domino's Pizza is a pizza delivery company founded in the United States. It is the biggest pizza company in the United States. They are now a world-wide company with 17,100 stores in more than 90 countries. "Domino's" menu has pizza, pasta, oven-baked sandwiches, chicken wings, boneless chicken, salads, breadsticks, cheesesticks, and a variety of desserts. 

"Domino's" also operates in the United Kingdom and is one of the most popular pizza restaurant chains in Britain. In 2020, "Domino's" closed all 55 of their restaurants in South Africa.

References

Other websites

 Domino's Pizza history and success story by Tom Monaghan
 
Domino's official mobile site

1960 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Michigan
American fast food restaurants
Companies based in Michigan
Gaara is a character in the manga and anime Naruto. He is known as Gaara of the Sand in the Viz translation, and Sabaku no Gaara (Gaara of the Desert) in the original Japanese. Initially  he was  a bad guy and Naruto's rival. After a while the two develop a bond as kindred spirits and become close friends.

Naruto characters

pt:Anexo:Lista de personagens de Naruto#Gaara
Taejong Muyeol of Silla (, 602  June 661) was the 29th king of Silla. He was named Kim Chun-chu.

He was the grandson of King Jinji. He went to Goguryeo, asking for help to destroy Baekje.

After he went to Tang for help in destroying Baekje and Goguryeo so that the Three Kingdoms could become one kingdom. In 660 he led the military with Kim Yu-sin to fight against Baekje. They won the fight, but he died that year.

Related pages
 Kim Yu-sin
 Munmu of Silla

Other websites 
 http://enc.daum.net/dic100/contents.do?query1=b22t2283a

602 births
661 deaths
Korean military people
Korean monarchs
661 was a common year.

Events 
 A series of wars begin between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire.

 June Taejong muyeol of Silla, 29th King of Silla(Korean of ancient kingdom, B.C 57 – A.D 935)
An antiseptic is a substance that is applied to lesions or wounds of the skin to kill germs. This helps prevent the wound becoming infected.

Commonly used antiseptics include alcohol, iodine and mercury compounds. Antiseptics are different from antibiotics. Antiseptics can only be used on the skin, antibiotics can also be used internally, through the blood and lymphatic systems. They are also different from disinfectants: Disinfectants are used on non-living objects only, because they are dangerous to the living.

Drugs
Gwanggaeto the Great (, 374 - 413) was an ancient Korean monarch. He was the 19th King of Goguryeo and reigned from 393 to 413 CE. During his reign the Goguryeo territory widened with the conquests of Suksin, Mohe, Khitan, Buyeo. His era name was Yeongnak ().

King Gwanggaeto died from a sickness in the year 413.

References 
 Les Coréens dans l'histoire, Gwanggaeto le Grand, l’esprit de Goguryeo, KBSworld, le 27 aout 2010. 

374 births
413 deaths
Korean military people
Korean monarchs
Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri (June 19, 1951 – July 31, 2022) was an Egyptian terrorist. He was the leader of the militant Islamist organization al-Qaeda. Ayman al-Zawahiri was member of Islamist organizations which have organised and carried out attacks in North America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In 2012 he called on fellow Muslims to kidnap western tourists in Muslim countries.

Since the September 11 attacks until his death, U.S. State Department offered a US$25 million reward for information leading to al-Zawahiri's arrest. He was under worldwide sanctions by the United Nations Security Council 1267 Committee as a member or affiliate of al-Qaeda.

Early life
Al-Zawahiri studied medicine in Cairo. He successfully completed his studies in 1974. He worked as a surgeon for three years in the Egyptian army. After that, he worked in a hospital in Cairo. In 1980 and 1981, al-Zawahiri travelled to Pakistan to help the Red Crescent movement.
Al-Zawahiri is the author of several works, including numerous al-Qaeda statements. He spoke Arabic, English, and French.

Death 
Al-Zawahiri was killed on July 31, 2022 shortly after 6:00 AM local time (9:00 PM Eastern Time), in an early-morning drone strike by the Central Intelligence Agency. Since this was a specialized attack, there were no other casualties except al-Zawahiri. Zawahiri was living in a friend's house in Kabul, Afghanistan, which was where the drone struck. He was 71 years old.

Notes

References

1951 births
2022 deaths
Al-Qaeda people
Cairo University alumni
Deaths by airstrike
Egyptian Muslims
Egyptian scientists
People from Cairo
Physicians
Cadmium oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdO. It has cadmium and oxide ions in it.

Properties
Cadmium oxide can be a colorless powder, brown powder, or red-brown crystals. All forms dissolve in acid. It is carcinogenic. Breathing the dust is harmful. It is similar in some ways to zinc oxide.

Preparation
Cadmium oxide is made by burning cadmium in air or reacting an alkali with any soluble cadmium salt.

Uses
Cadmium oxide is used in electronics as a transparent conductor. It is also used to make pigments (cadmium sulfide), kill nematodes, make nickel cadmium batteries, and electroplating cadmium.

Related pages
Mercury(II) oxide
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate

Cadmium compounds
Oxides
Cadmium bromide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdBr2. It has cadmium and bromide ions in it. The cadmium is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Cadmium bromide is a very pale yellow solid. It easily dissolves in water. It is quite toxic.

Preparation
Cadmium bromide is made by reacting cadmium with bromine or by reacting cadmium or its oxide with hydrobromic acid and evaporating the solution in helium.

Uses
It is used in photography and engraving.

Related pages
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium sulfate
Mercury bromide

Cadmium compounds
Bromine compounds
Mercury bromide can refer to either of these mercury bromides:

Mercury(I) bromide, Hg2Br2
Mercury(II) bromide, HgBr2
Cadmium fluoride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdF2. It has cadmium and fluoride ions in it.

Properties
Cadmium fluoride is a gray solid. It does not dissolve in water very well. It is toxic.

Preparation
It is made by reacting cadmium with hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, or fluorine.

Uses
Cadmium fluoride is used in organic chemistry, as well as in medicine for fluoride treatment.

Related pages
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium iodide
Zinc fluoride

Cadmium compounds
Fluorine compounds
Cadmium iodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdI2. It has cadmium and iodide ions in it.

Properties

Cadmium iodide is a white or pale yellow solid. It is known for its crystal structure. Many other chemical compounds have a cadmium iodide crystal structure. It easily dissolves in water. It is toxic.

Preparation
It is made by reacting cadmium with iodine. It can also be made by reacting cadmium, or cadmium oxide with hydriodic acid.

Uses
Cadmium iodide is used to make phosphors (things that light when struck by UV light), photography, and electroplating.

Related pages
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium fluoride
Cadmium bromide
Mercury iodide

Cadmium compounds
Iodine compounds
Cadmium sulfide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdS. It has cadmium and sulfide ions in it.

Properties
Cadmium sulfide is a yellow orange solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide and cadmium chloride. It is used in an odd reaction where cadmium sulfide is sprinkled into a sulfide solution and light is shined on it. It starts making small amounts of hydrogen gas.

Occurrence
Cadmium sulfide is only found in two rare minerals. It is normally made artificially.

Preparation

Cadmium sulfide is made several different ways. Cadmium salts, normally the sulfate or the chloride (cadmium chloride), are reacted with hydrogen sulfide to make a bright yellow cadmium sulfide solid. When it is made for pigment, the cadmium sulfide is then washed, heated (to change it into the right form), and ground to a powder. It is then mixed with paint.
Uses
Cadmium sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow is the name of the pigment. If selenide is added during the roasting process (seen above in "preparation" section), it can make an orange or a yellow pigment. Cadmium sulfide is a good pigment because it does not break down easily, is very bright, and does not react with air like other pigments can. It is toxic, though. 

It is also used in photoresistors that are sensitive to infrared and red light. Cadmium sulfide is found around some bacteria that reduce sulfate to sulfide.

Related pages
Cadmium telluride, semiconductor
Mercury sulfide, bright red pigment, too toxic to be used
Zinc sulfide, phosphor

Cadmium compounds
Sulfur compounds
Kim Yu-Sin (김유신, 金庾信, 595 – July 673) was a general and politician of the Silla Kingdom in ancient Korea. He belonged to the royal family of Gaya, and served as a soldier of Silla. He conquered the kingdoms of Goguryeo and Baekje. After his death, he was given the title of Heungmu the Great (흥무대왕).

Other websites 
 Naver-Cast Kim Yu-sin (Korean)

595 births
673 deaths
Korean politicians
"One Sweet Day" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and American R&B boy band Boyz II Men. The song was released on November 14, 1995, as the second single from the former's fifth studio album, Daydream (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co-wrote the song with Walter Afanasieff, who co-produced it with Carey. Lyrically, the song speaks about the death of a loved one and misses them, and finally about seeing the person in heaven. The artists wrote the song about specific people in their lives, being inspired by sufferers of the AIDS epidemic, which was a topic at the time.

Music video
The music video for "One Sweet Day" was filmed in February 1995, and features snippets of Carey and Boyz II Men in the studio and recording the song. The busy schedule of both Carey and Boyz II Men did not allow time for them to shoot a proper video.