Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Paul Goodman (November 8, 1908 – October 1, 1959) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played three seasons for the Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup in 1938 with the Chicago Black Hawks.

References

Paul Goodman's biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame 

1909 births
1959 deaths
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Stanley Cup champions
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
United Center (nicknamed "The Madhouse on Madison II","The UC" and "The House That Jordan Built") is a sports arena located in Chicago, Illinois. The arena opened in 1994, and right now the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) play there. There is a statue of Michael Jordan on the east side of the arena.
The Bulls and Blackhawks moved to the United Center in 1994.  This was a change for both organizations as they had previously played in the older Chicago Stadium for many years.  The Blackhawks, previously also called the Chicago Stadium Corporation, rather than the Bulls, were the actual owners of both the previous Chicago Stadium and now the United Center.

References

Other websites 
United Center's Official Website

Sports buildings in Chicago
1994 establishments in Illinois
Chicago Blackhawks
Chicago Bulls
Baqubah or Baquba is a village in the Middle Eastern country of Iraq.

Iraq
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is a first-person shooter video game. It is the sixth game in the Call of Duty series. The game is available on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles, and on the Microsoft Windows operating system. The game was revealed on February 11, 2009  and released on November 10, 2009.

Content
The game offers three game modes: a campaign single-player mode (lasting about 6 hours), a "Special Ops" mode for replay value over the campaign where the player or players can collect stars (like in a Mario game), and a multiplayer mode (online and offline). The online mode is why most people play Call of Duty. The previous Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare broke World of Warcraft'''s record of 11 million people online by 2 million on Xbox 360 alone. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 managed to sell 1.2 million copies in its first day of release in the UK.

Reception
The game sold 22 million copies worldwide.  

Related pages
Call of Duty seriesCall of Duty: Modern Warfare 3''

References
References

Other websites 
 Official website 

2009 video games
Call of Duty series
Quake III: Arena is a video game in the Quake series. It has been published from 1999, for Microsoft Windows and other platforms.

It is a first person shooter and its main goal is to kill ("frag") other players using various weapons. You can fight against computer-guided characters ("bots") in singleplayer mode, or against human players in multiplayer mode (via LAN or Internet).

Game modes 
There are four game modes:
 Tournament: 1 vs. 1.
 Free for all (FFA): standard "deathmatch" (everyone vs. everyone)
 Team Deathmatch (TDM): players are divided into two teams (red and blue)
 Capture the flag (CTF): two teams, you have to get the flag of the enemy and bring it to your base

Expansions 
You can install many expansions for this game: new levels and new characters, or entire "mods" (light or heavy modifications of the game, with new items, rules, weapons...).
Some MODs:
 Team Arena (official)
 OSP (Orange Smoothie Production)
 Instagib (1 hit-kill)
 Clan Arena
 Rocket Arena 3
 DeFRaG
 AlternateFire
 BazookaQ3
 CPMA (Challenge Pro Mode Arena, simply "ProMode" or "CPM")

Shooter video games
Id Software
The Four Horsemen were a very popular professional wrestling stable in the National Wrestling Alliance and World Championship Wrestling. They debuted 1986 and disbanded 1999, The original members of the stable were Ric Flair, Arn Anderson, Tully Blanchard, and Ole Anderson. The stable is named after Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.

The stable was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Dusty Rhodes in 2012.

References

Other websites
The Four Horsemen's profile on WWE.com

WWE people
WWE Hall of Fame
NHL 10 is a ice hockey video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It was released on September 15, 2009 for North America and September 18, 2009 for Europe all for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Patrick Kane is the cover athlete for the North American version of NHL 10.

Other websites 
Official NHL 10 official website 

2009 video games
Electronic Arts video games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Sports video games
I Love Lucy is an American sitcom. It stars Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, and William Frawley. It was written by television writer Bob Schiller. The black-and-white series first ran from 15 October 1951 to 6 May 1957 on CBS. Even after the series ended in 1957, it continued for three more seasons with 13 one-hour specials. This show ran from 1957 to 1960. It was known first as The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show and later in reruns as The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour.
I Love Lucy was the most watched series in the United States in four of its six seasons. It was the first to end its run at the top of the Nielsen ratings. I Love Lucy is still syndicated in dozens of languages around the world. The series was the first scripted television program to be shot on 35 mm film in front of a studio audience. The show won five Emmy Awards, and received numerous nominations. In 2002, it ranked second on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2007, it was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME." I Love Lucy remains very popular today. It is still seen by 40 million Americans each year.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1950s American television series
1951 television series debuts
1957 television series endings
1957 disestablishments
American sitcoms
Black and white television series
Television series set in Connecticut
Television series set in New York City
1951 establishments in the United States
1950s disestablishments in the United States
Emmy Award winning programs
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Kingstown is the capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The population of Kingstown as of 2008 is 24,518. Kingstown exports bananas, coconuts, and arrowroot. Kingstown was started as a settlement by the French a little after 1722. The botanical garden in Kingstown is one of the oldest ones in the Western Hemisphere.

References 

National capitals in North America
Geography of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Euphoria (from Ancient Greek , from εὖ (eu), "well", and φέρω (pherō), "to bear") is a mental and emotional condition which makes a person feel extremely happy, excited, and carefree.  These feelings are much stronger and more intense than what a human would normally feel.  However, some natural human behaviors can cause brief states of euphoria.  For example, people may feel euphoric for a short time after orgasm, when in love, or after a very important athletic achievement.  Sometimes, people can also feel euphoria during certain religious or spiritual rituals, or while meditating.  More often, euphoria is caused by certain psychoactive drugs, mental illnesses, or medical problems.  Euphoria is the opposite of dysphoria.

Causes

Drugs

Euphoria can be caused by psychoactive drugs like cocaine and alcohol methamphetamines.

Some of the drugs that can cause euphoria are:
Alcohol: People may feel euphoria soon after they begin drinking alcohol (especially in the first 10–15 minutes after they begin to drink).

Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata): A sedative that calms the nervous system and acts as a sleep aid.  One compound in this herb, called harmine, may cause euphoria.

Cannabis: Cannabis contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which can cause euphoria as well as relaxation and sedation.  Marijuana and hashish are both made from cannabis plants.

Stimulants: Stimulant drugs can cause euphoria as well as high energy, hyperactivity, and lack of appetite.  There are different types of stimulants.  Amphetamines (including methamphetamine) are the best known drugs in this category.

MDMA: Commonly called Ecstasy, MDMA causes strong feelings of euphoria as well as rushes of energy.  MDMA and MDEA ("Eve") are popular drugs among young adults.
Opium: A drug made from the unripe seed-pods of the opium poppy.  It can cause euphoria and drowsiness, and can decrease pain.  Heroin, morphine, and codeine are made from opium.

Mental Illness

Euphoria can be a symptom of some mental illnesses.  For example, euphoria is a common symptom of mania, an extreme, high-energy mood state which can happen with bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions.

Medical Illness

Euphoria can also be a symptom of some medical problems.  It is a common symptom of hypoxia.  It is a dangerous symptom, because it can make a hypoxic person feel so good and carefree that they do not realise that they are not getting enough oxygen.

Euphoria can be a symptom of hyperthyroidism.  It can also be caused by head injuries or conditions which affect the central nervous system, like syphilis and multiple sclerosis.

Exercise
Exercise

Sometimes, people feel euphoria when exercising.  A well-known example is "runner's high," a state of euphoria and high energy that runners sometimes experience, especially during intense workouts.  According to recent studies, intense exercise can cause the brain to release endorphins.  These endorphins attach to the same brain receptors as opioid drugs, so they can cause the same euphoric effects as those drugs do.  Unfortunately, this means that a person could get chemically addicted to consistent exercise, just as he or she might get addicted to opiates.

References

Emotions
Shanxi (山西) is a province of the People's Republic China. It is in northern China. The Yellow River flows through it. The name Shanxi means "mountain's west" or "west of the mountains", as it is west of the Taihang Mountains.

Its major cities are its capital Taiyuan, Datong, Changzhi, and Yangquan.

The abbreviation of Shanxi is Jin (晋), since there is another province, Shandong (山东), that has the word "Shan" (山) in it, meaning "mountain" in Chinese.

Although in pinyin, the name of the neighboring province to the west, "Shaanxi", is spelled exactly the same as "Shanxi", the only difference in how the two words are pronounced is that the first syllable in "Shanxi" is said using the first tone in Mandarin, while the first syllable in "Shaanxi" is said with the third tone. Since tone markers are not usually used to show how to pronounce the two different names, the first word in "Shaanxi" is spelled using the Gwoyeu Romatzyh method instead, which indicates tones by adding extra letters to a syllable.
Notable residents 
Mi Fu, poet

References
Mi Fu (1051–1107), also known as Mi Fei was a Chinese painter, poet, and calligrapher born in Taiyuan, Shanxi during the Song Dynasty. His style of painting was misty landscapes. This style is the "Mi Fu" style uses large wet dots of ink. This ink is put on with a flat brush.

Life

Mi Fu was born in 1051. His mother was employed as a midwife to deliver Emperor Shenzong and afterwards she became the wet-nurse who look after and feed the Emperor Shenzong who was to start his reign in 1051 and continue until 1107. Mi Fu knew the imperial family and he lived in the privileged location of the royal palaces. He ignored formal lessons but it could be seen that he had a gift for writing, painted and drawing. He was one of the four best calligraphers in the Song Dynasty. Mi Fu was known as odd. Some called him "Madman Mi" because he collected stones and said one stone was his brother. He was a heavy drinker.
His poetry followed the style of Li Bai and his calligraphy that of Wang Xizhi. He became a civil servant to mixed success. He was firstly a book editor in the emperors library before undertaking a number of posts in Henan province. He was given the post of Professor of Painting and Calligraphy in 1103 at the Palace to select which painting and calligraphy is good enough to belong to the Emperor. He became secretary to the Board of Rites before he was appointed governor of Huaiyang in Jiangsu province. He had five sons and eight daughters. He died in 1107. His son, Mi Youren, would also be a famous painter in his father's artistic style.

Mi Fu is considered the best of all the calligraphers of the Song dynasty. An example of his work has sold for nearly four million dollars.

Related pages
List of Chinese painters

References

Chinese poets
Chinese painters
1051 births
1107 deaths
People from Shanxi
Heredity is the passing of traits (characteristics) from parents to offspring. In biology, the study of heredity is called genetics. With most living things, heredity is analysed by breeding (making crosses), often in a laboratory. But with humans, heredity is studied in other ways. Family pedigrees, identical twins and DNA genome analysis all provide clues.

A trait which may be inherited is heritable; it is inborn or innate.

References 

Classical genetics
Variation in biology usually refers to the heritable differences within a species. This is important in genetics, and the study of evolution in natural populations. Heritable variation is ultimately caused by mutations of genes and chromosomes, and shuffled by recombination. Outcrossing keeps, and inbreeding reduces, heritable variation.

Other variations are caused during life, and are not passed on to the next generation by heredity.

Variation is also a term used in biodiversity for the variety of life forms in a given ecosystem.

Evolutionary biology
Classical genetics
Taiyuan is a city in China. It is the capital of Shanxi Province. Mi Fu the poet was born here in 1051.

References 

Cities in China
Shanxi
Biography
Until 2003, Danielle lived in Balneário Camboriú. That same year, she went to São Paulo, where she won the traditional competition "As Felinas" and soon after was invited to pose for Playboy in November 2003, in where posed with Antonela Avellaneda, who participated in the Big Brother Brazil 4.
Danielle was invited by the former director of the Pânico na TV to record a pilot program, which already premiered the following week. He has worked in the "Pânico na TV" as "Mulher Samambaia", and besides being a stage assistant, also participated in some frames of the program.
Danielle did a new photo shoot for the magazine Sexy in December 2004, already with a reputation for Mulher Samambaia. 
Again posed nude for the magazine Sexy in August 2007. The photos were taken in Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul.
Danielle is studying interior design and want to specialize in decorating and landscaping.
In the carnival of 2009 participated in the parade GRES Alliança as Musa battery.
References

Other websites 
 Official website

1981 births
Living people
Santa Catarina
Antônio Augusto de Moraes Liberato (April 10, 1959 — November 21, 2019), better known as Gugu Liberato or just Gugu, was a Brazilian television presenter, businessman, actor and singer.

Gugu was hired by Silvio Santos after writing letters suggesting television shows to be aired. He started in television at age fourteen as a production assistant on the program Domingo no Parque, presented by Silvio Santos on SBT.

He was thought one of the most famous and successful Brazilian television hosts of all time. Shortly before his death, Gugu owned a fortune of about $1 billion built over a career started as an office boy. Gugu set up an empire that includes a television and video production company, sixteen stores that bear his name, a water park and a gas station.

On November 20, 2019, Gugu suffered an accident in his house in Orlando, Florida, when he fell from the ceiling and hit his head. He died the following day, November 21, but his family only released an official note on November 22.

References
References

Other websites 
 

1959 births
2019 deaths
Businesspeople from São Paulo
Brazilian television presenters
Brazilian Roman Catholics
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Deaths from head injury
Clogging is a form of tap dancing. It is a type of folk dance. Clogs are shoes that cloggers wear.  Dancers hit the heel, the toe, or both against a floor or each other to make a sound. 

Dance types
The Baba Yaga is a mythical witchlike character. She is found in Slavic stories. She is one of the most popular demons in slavic beliefs. She looks like an ugly woman.  She lives in a house that has giant chicken feet, so it can walk around.  Sometimes she travels in a mortar and pestle that can fly by magic.

Baba Yaga is different from most folklore characters because even though she is usually bad, sometimes she is good.  Sometimes she makes things or helps the story's hero make things.  Scholar Andreas Johns says that Baba Yaga is meant to be like nature itself: She can help but she can also eat you.

In popular culture
Baba Yaga appears as a character in many video games and other works of fiction, for example the Quest for Glory series of games.

The feminist website The Hairpin wrote an advice column called "Ask Baba Yaga" as a joke.

References

Legendary people
Slavic mythology
Red Buttons (born Aaron Chwatt, February 5, 1919 - July 13, 2006) was an American actor and comedian.

Buttons won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the movie Sayonara.  He was also in the movie The Poseidon Adventure.

References

1919 births
2006 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from hypertension
Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (27 March 1817 – 11 May 1891) was a Swiss botanist. He studied cell division, but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics.

References 

Swiss botanists
Cell biologists
1817 births
1891 deaths
Swiss scientists
People from the canton of Zürich‎
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German doctor, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist and politician, known for his advancement of public health. Referred to as "the father of pathology," he is considered one of the founders of social medicine.

He coined the catch-phrase omnis cellula e cellula, meaning, cells only derive from other cells.

1821 births
1902 deaths

German doctors
German biologists
Pathologists
Robert Remak (26 July 1815 – 29 August 1865) was a German embryologist, physiologist, and neurologist, born in Posen, Prussia. 

Remak obtained his medical degree from Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin in 1838 specializing in neurology.  He worked on embryology, and also discovered unmyelinated nerve fibres and the nerve cells in the heart sometimes called Remak's ganglia. He studied under Johannes Muller at the University of Berlin.  

Remak discovered that the origin of cells was by the division of pre-existing cells. 

Despite his accomplishments, because of his Jewish faith he was repeatedly denied full professor status until late in life, and even then was denied the usual benefits of the position.

References 

1815 births
1865 deaths
Embryologists
German developmental biologists
German doctors
Jewish German scientists
German neurologists
People from former German territories
People from Poznań
German physiologists
Oscar Hertwig (21 April 1849, Friedberg, Hesse – 25 October 1922, Berlin) was a German zoologist, anatomist and professor, who also wrote about the theory of evolution over 55 years after Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species. 

Oscar Hertwig was a leader in the field of embryology. He discovered fertilization of sea urchins, he recognized the role of the cell nucleus during inheritance and chromosome reduction during meiosis. In 1876, he found that fertilization includes the penetration of a spermatozoon into an egg cell. He thought, correctly, that the vectors of hereditary traits resided in the nuclei of the egg and sperm.

His work on the development of sea urchin eggs was fundamental and lasting; his work on evolution was not. He was opposed to 'chance', as he thought was Charles Darwin's theory. He wrote: Das Werden der Organismen, eine Widerlegung der Darwinschen Zufallslehre (Jena, 1916) (translation: "The Origin of Organisms: a refutation of Darwin's theory of chance").
Hertwig was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1903.

References 

1849 births
1922 deaths
German anatomists
German developmental biologists
Embryologists
Scientists from Hesse
Igersheim is a city in Germany. It is between Heilbronn and Würzburg in Baden-Württemberg.

Cities in Baden-Württemberg
Bihari is a group of Indic languages spoken in parts of Bangladesh and Bihar.

Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of Bangladesh
Languages of India
Walther Flemming (21 April 1843 – 4 August 1905) was a German biologist and a founder of cytogenetics.

Making use of dyes he was able to find a structure which he named chromatin. He identified that chromatin was correlated to threadlike structures in the cell nucleus– the chromosomes (meaning coloured body). Edouard Van Beneden (1846–1910) had also observed them, independently.
Flemming investigated the process of cell division and the distribution of chromosomes to the daughter nuclei, a process he called mitosis from the Greek word for thread. However, he did not see the splitting into identical halves, the daughter chromatids. He studied mitosis, both in life and in stained preparations, using as the source of biological material the fins and gills of salamanders. These results were published first in 1878  and in 1882 in the seminal book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung (1882; Cell substance, nucleus and cell division). On the basis of his discoveries, Flemming surmised for the first time that all cell nuclei came from another predecessor nucleus (he coined the phrase omnis nucleus e nucleo, after Virchow's omnis cellula e cellula).
Flemming was unaware of Gregor Mendel's (1822–1884) work on heredity, so he did not make the connection between his observations and genetic inheritance. Two decades would pass before the significance of Flemming's work was truly realized with the rediscovery of Mendel's rules. His discovery of mitosis and chromosomes is considered one of the 100 most important scientific discoveries of all times, and one of the 10 most important discoveries in cell biology.

References 

1843 births
1905 deaths
Cell biologists
German geneticists
Eduard Adolf Strasburger (1 February 1844 in Warsaw – 19 May 1912 in Bonn) was a German professor who was one of the most famous botanists of the 19th century.

In 1868 he taught at the University of Warsaw. In 1869 Strasburger was appointed professor of botany at the University of Jena. After 1881 he was head of the Botanisches Institut at the University of Bonn.

Accomplishments 
Strasburger was a founder of the famous Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen (Textbook of Botany), which first appeared in 1894. He was the first to provide an accurate description of the embryonic sac in gymnosperms (such as conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants), along with demonstrating double-fertilization in angiosperms. He came up with one of the modern laws of plant cytology: "New cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other nuclei", and originated the terms cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
At about the same time as Walther Flemming, and Edouard van Beneden, he worked out chromosome movement during mitosis in plant cells. His work on the upward movement of tree sap proved that the process was physical and not physiological.

Awards 
He was awarded the Linnean Society's prestigious Darwin-Wallace Medal in 1908.

Bibliography 
"On Cell Formation and Cell Division", 1876 – a book in which he set forth the basic principles of mitosis

1894 textbook Textbook of Botany (written with colleagues)

References 

"Strasburger, Eduard Adolf"  Encyclopædia Britannica (1979 ed)

1844 births
1912 deaths
Cell biologists
German developmental biologists
German botanists
People from Warsaw
Edouard Joseph Marie Van Beneden (Leuven, 5 March 1846 – Liège, 28 April 1910), cytologist and marine biologist. He was professor of zoology at the University of Liège. He contributed to cytology and genetics by his work on the roundworm Ascaris. In this work he discovered how chromosomes combined during meiosis, during the production of gametes.

Beneden discovered, with Walther Flemming and Eduard Strasburger, the essential facts of mitosis. In contrast to meiosis, the double (diploid) set of chromosomes in daughter cells is identical to those in the parent cells. Excepting rare accidents, there is no change in the genetic apparatus. In meiosis, only one set of chromosomes ends up in each gamete, a condition called haploid.

Father 
Van Beneden's father was also a well-known biologist. Pierre-Joseph van Beneden (18091894) introduced two important terms into evolutionary biology and ecology: mutualism and commensalism.

References
References 

1846 births
1910 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian biologists
Cell biologists
People from Leuven
Marine biologists
Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the "giant intestinal roundworms". One species, A. suum, typically infects pigs, while another, A. lumbricoides, affects humans, typically in sub-tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation. A. lumbricoides is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common worm infection of humans, an infection known as ascariasis. Infestation can cause morbidity, and sometimes death, by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions, such as granuloma, and provoking intestinal obstruction or rectal prolapse.

The roundworms are members of the phylum Nematoda. They are an extremely successful group; it is estimated that they represent 90% of all life on the seafloor.

References 

Nematodes
Parasites
Free were an English rock band. The band started in London, England in 1968. They are best known for their famous song called "All Right Now". When the band ended the singer, Paul Rodgers, went on to form the band Bad Company. The lead guitarist of Free was named Paul Kossoff. In 1976 he died from a drug-induced heart failure. He was only 25 years old.

English rock bands
English hard rock bands
Bacardi is a spirits company that was founded February 4, 1862 in Cuba. It is named after the founder Facundo Bacardí, a wine merchant. Facundo use to filter the rum through charcoal, which removed impurities. In addition to this, He aged the rum in oak barrels, which had the effect of "mellowing" the drink.

Other websites 
 Bacardi Rum's Official website

Alcoholic spirits
Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English musician, producer and actor. He is most famous for being the singer of the Rolling Stones. In 2003 he was knighted for his services to Music.

Early Life 
Michael Jagger was born at Livingstone Community Hospital in Dartford, He is the child of Basil Fanshawe Jagger and Eva Ensley Mary.

Personal life
Jagger is known for his many high-profile relationships. He married Nicaraguan-born Bianca De Macias on 12 May 1971. It was a Catholic ceremony in Saint-Tropez, France. In late 1977, he began seeing model Jerry Hall. This was while still married to Bianca. Jagger and Hall lived together for many years. They were married on 21 November 1990, in a Hindu beach ceremony in Indonesia. The marriage ended in August 1999.
Relationships 
Jagger has also been romantically linked to other women: Chrissie Shrimpton, Marianne Faithfull, Anita Pallenberg, Marsha Hunt, Pamela Des Barres, Uschi Obermaier, Bebe Buell, Carly Simon, Margaret Trudeau, Mackenzie Phillips, Janice Dickinson, Carla Bruni, Sophie Dahl and Angelina Jolie, among others. He was in a relationship with L'Wren Scott (1964-2014) from 2001 until she committed suicide in 2014. Jagger's girlfriend Melanie Hamrick is pregnant with his eighth child.

In March 2019, Jagger had to postpone his tour due to medical reasons. A few days later it was announced that he would have heart valve replacement surgery.

Jagger has seven children by four women:
By Marsha Hunt, he has daughter Karis Jagger Hunt (born 4 November 1970)
 By Bianca Jagger, he has daughter Jade Sheena Jezebel Jagger (born 21 October 1971).
 By Jerry Hall he has daughter Elizabeth Scarlett Jagger (born 2 March 1984), son James Leroy Augustin Jagger (born 28 August 1985), daughter Georgia May Ayeesha Jagger (born 12 January 1992) and son Gabriel Luke Beauregard Jagger (born 9 December 1997)
 By Luciana Gimenez, he has son Lucas Maurice Morad Jagger (born 18 May 1999).

Net worth 
His personal fortune was estimated in 2010, at £190 million (~$298 million US).

Discography

Albums

Soundtrack

References

Other websites 

1943 births
Living people
Actors from Kent
English movie actors
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Musicians from Kent
People from Dartford
The Rolling Stones members
"Burn It to the Ground" is a 2009 rock song by the Canadian rock band Nickelback off their Dark Horse album. It became the theme song for WWE Raw on November 16, 2009 and is featured on the soundtrack to the video game NHL 10.

References

2009 songs
Nickelback songs
Hard rock songs
Rădăuţi is a municipality of Suceava County in Romania.  27,759 people live in Rădăuţi.

Geography 
Rădăuţi can be found in Bukovina, between the Suceava and Suceviţa rivers.  It is 23 miles north of Suceava.

References

Municipalities of Romania
Cities in Romania
Towns in Suceava County
Maria Louise Kanellis (born February 25, 1982 in Ottawa, Illinois) is an American female professional wrestler. She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment from 2004 to 2010. She joined WWE again in June 2017 and she will be with real-life husband, Mike Kanellis.

Other websites
Official website 
WWE profile
Ring of Honor profile 

1982 births
Living people
Female professional wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Illinois
Former WWE wrestlers
Jillian Faye Hall (born Jillian Faye Fletcher; September 6, 1980 in Ashland, Kentucky) is an American retired female professional wrestler and singer. She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where she competed under the ring name Jillian Hall.

She released a Christmas album titled A Jingle with Jillian, which was sung completely in her character of a terrible singer. The album reached #20 on the UK Holidays Top 100 shortly after its release. During her time in the WWE, She was a one-time WWE Divas Champion.

On November 19, 2010, her WWE contract expired and WWE announced that they were not going to renew it. After being released, she wrestled on the independent circuit until announcing her retirement on January 21, 2014.

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1980 births
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Kentucky
Khufu was a Pharaoh (or leader) of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom. He was the Pharaoh of Egypt from around 2589 to 2566 B.C.E . Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty.  He is also thought to be the one who built the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Khufu's full name was "Khnum-Khufu" which means "the god Khnum protects me."

References

3rd-millennium BC pharaohs
Ajana is a small farming town in Western Australia. It is about 530 kilometres north east of Perth. The town was officially started in 1915. In 2006, there were 22 people living at Ajana. The name of the town might be from an Australian Aboriginal word, Ajano, used for the area nearby. It might also be from the word Ngajna, meaning mine, as a place where stone axes could be made.

References

Towns in Western Australia
Victor Posa (born 5 November 1966 in Bari) is an Italian ice hockey player. He played 2 games for the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL.

Other websites
 

1966 births
Chicago Blackhawks players
Sportspeople from Apulia
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Sportspeople from Bari
ECHL players
Colonial Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Genetic linkage occurs when alleles at different loci do not segregate at random. Mendel's second law is thus broken. 

Genes are linked when they are on the same chromosome. They then tend to stay together during meiosis. Alleles for genes on different chromosomes are usually not linked, due to independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis.  

There is some crossing over of DNA during meiosis when the chromosomes segregate. So, alleles on the same chromosome can be separated and go to different daughter cells. There is a greater probability of this happening if the alleles are far apart on the chromosome, as it is more likely that a cross-over will occur between them. The relative distance between two genes can be calculated using the offspring of an organism showing two linked genetic traits. The percentage of offspring where the two traits do not run together is noted. The higher the percentage of offspring showing both traits, the closer on the chromosome the two genes are.
This was the first technique used for mapping genes on chromosomes. By working out the number of recombinants it is possible to obtain a measure for the distance between the genes. This distance is called a genetic map unit (m.u.), or a centimorgan and is defined as the distance between genes for which one product of meiosis in 100 is recombinant. A recombinant frequency (RF) of 1 % is equivalent to 1 m.u. A linkage map is created by finding the map distances between a number of traits that are present on the same chromosome, ideally avoiding significant gaps between traits to avoid the possibility of multiple crossovers.

Related pages 
Meiosis
Chromosome

References 

 

Classical genetics
Works
 Commentationes botanicae. Observations botaniques (imprimerie de C. Casterman-Dieu, Tournay, 1823).
 Observations sur les graminées de la flore de Belgique (J. Casterman aîné, Tournay, 1823).
 Analyse des familles des plantes, avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent (J. Casterman aîné, Tournay, 1829).
 Lettres sur le manifeste du Roi et les griefs de la nation, par Belgicus (J. Casterman aîné, Tournay, 1830).
 Sylloge Jungermannidearum Europae indigenarum, earum genera et species systematice complectens (J. Casterman aîné, Tournay, 1830).
 Recherches sur la structure comparée et le développement des animaux et des végétaux (M. Hayez, Bruxelles, 1832).
 Essai carpographique présentant une nouvelle classification des fruits (M. Hayez, Bruxelles, 1835).
 La Belgique et les vingt-quatre articles (Société nationale, Bruxelles, 1838).
 Observations complémentaires sur le partage des dettes des Pays-Bas (Société nationale, Bruxelles, 1838).

References
References

Other websites
 IPNI Profile
 Books by Dumortier at the Biodiversity library

1797 births
1878 deaths
Belgian Christian democrats
Belgian nobility
Belgian botanists
Cell biologists
People from Hainaut (province)
Edward Lodewijk "Eddie" Van Halen (January 26, 1955 – October 6, 2020) was a Dutch-born American guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter and producer. He is most famous as the guitarist and co-founder of the hard rock band Van Halen. He is listed as number 70 in Rolling Stone Magazine's "Top 100 Guitarists of All Time" issue.

In 2007 Eddie Van Halen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Van Halen died from a stroke caused by throat cancer at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California on October 6, 2020, at the age of 65 surrounded by his wife, Janie; son and Van Halen bassist, Wolfgang; ex-wife Valerie Bertinelli; and brother, Alex; co-founder and drummer of Van Halen. Some of Van Halen's childhood landmarks in Pasadena became memorials where fans could pay their respects.

References
References

1955 births
2020 deaths
American guitarists
American keyboardists
American record producers
American songwriters
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from throat cancer
Dutch guitarists
Musicians from Amsterdam
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Van Halen members
Edward "Eddie" McKay Cheever, Jr. (born January 10, 1958 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American racing driver. He raced for almost thirty years in Formula One, Sports cars, CART and the Indy Racing League. Cheever participated in 143 World Championship Formula One races and started 132, more than any other American, driving for nine different teams from 1978 through 1989. In 1997, he formed his own IRL team and won the Indianapolis 500 as both owner and driver in 1998. The team now competes in sports cars.

1958 births
Living people
American Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
IndyCar Series drivers
Edmund "Eddie" Irvine, Jr. (Born 10 November 1965, Newtownards, County Down) is a former racing driver from Northern Ireland. He raced under a British Driving License.

Irvine spent time in the 1980s and early 1990's in Formula Ford and F3000. He joined Formula One in 1993, scoring a point on his debut as he replaced Emanuele Naspetti. He stayed on for Jordan in 1994 and 1995, before going on to drive for Scuderia Ferrari in 1996. His results were not as successful as Michael Schumacher's, including eight straight DNF's (Did not Finish) in a row in 1996. He eventually improved, scoring more podiums as he went along with the team.
In 1999 Michael Schumacher, the "#1 driver" for Ferrari was injured during a race at Silverstone. Irvine was made the #1 driver. The team put all their efforts towards Irvine winning a driver's championship. It wasn't successful, but Irvine did place second in the championship. Irvine left Ferrari after that season because he was frustrated with Ferrari's policy on team orders, which meant that one driver was labelled as "being #1." So, Irvine joined the new Jaguar Racing team in 2000, where he finally became the lead driver. However, the car was not competitive and reliable, so Jaguar, despite having lots of experience with Irvine, had little results. Irvine obtained the only two podiums Jaguar would ever see, and Irvine retired from Formula One after 2002.

References

1965 births
Living people
British Formula One drivers
Northern Irish sportspeople
Wilhelm Roux (9 June 1850 in Jena – 15 September 1924 in Halle) was a German zoologist, anatomist and pioneer of experimental embryology.

For ten years he worked in Breslau (now Wroclaw), becoming director of his own Institute of Embryology in 1879. He was professor at Innsbruck, Austria from 1889–95, then accepted a professorial chair at the Anatomical Institute of the University of Halle, a post he retained until 1921.

Embryology 
Roux's research was based upon the notion of Entwicklungsmechanik or developmental mechanics. His methodology was to interfere with developing embryos and observe the outcome. Roux's investigations were performed mainly on frogs' eggs to research the earliest structures in amphibian development. His goal was to show Darwinian processes at work on the cellular level.
In 1888, Roux published the results of a series of defect experiments in which he took 2 and 4 cell frog embryos and killed half of the cells of each embryo with a hot needle. He reported that they grew into half-embryos and surmised that the separate function of the two cells had already been determined. This led him to propose his "mosaic" theory: after a few cell divisions the embryo would be like a mosaic, each cell playing its own unique part in the entire design.

After a few years Roux's theory was refuted by the studies of his colleague Hans Driesch and later, with more precision, Hans Spemann showed that, as a rule, Driesch's conclusions were correct, but that results like Roux's may be obtained after intervention in certain planes. Despite this early lapse Roux's pioneering mechanical methodology was to prove most fruitful in 20th century biology.
Cell biology 
In a remarkable paper, Roux realised the significance of the linear structure of chromosomes. Their splitting into two equal longitudinal halves assured each daughter cell got the same chromosome complement. Therefore, chromosomes were the bearers of heredity. This was a significant event in cytogenetics.

Works 
 Der Kampf der Teile im Organismus (1881)
 Über die Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen (1890)
 Geschichtliche Abhandlung über Entwicklungsmechanik (two volumes, 1895)
 Die Entwicklungsmechanik (1905)
 Terminologie der Entwicklungsmechanik (1912).

Further reading

References 

1850 births
1924 deaths
German anatomists
Embryologists
German developmental biologists
People from Jena
The Marunouchi Line (丸の内線,まるのうちせん) is a metro line of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan.

Stations

Related pages
 Tokyo

Japanese railways
Tokyo
Poanes is a genus of butterflies.  The species are native to North America, Central America, and South America.

Species
 Poanes aaroni Skinner, 1890 – Aaron's Skipper or Saffron Skipper
 Poanes azin Draudt, 1924
 Poanes benito Freeman, 1979 – Benito's Skipper
 Poanes hobomok Harris, 1862 – Hobomok Skipper
 Poanes inimica Butler & Druce, 1872 – Yellow-stained Skipper
 Poanes macneilli Burns, 1992 – Macneill's Skipper
 Poanes massasoit Scudder, 1863 – Mulberry Wing
 Poanes melane Edwards, 1869 – Umber Skipper
 Poanes monticola Godman, 1900 – Oyamel Skipper
 Poanes niveolimbus Mabille, 1889 – Snow-fringed Skipper
 Poanes taxiles Edwards, 1881 – Golden Skipper
 Poanes ulphila Plötz, 1883 – Ulphila Skipper
 Poanes viator Edwards, 1865 – Broad-winged Skipper
 Poanes yehl Skinner, 1893 – Yehl Skipper
 Poanes zabulon Boisduval & Le Conte, 1837 – Zabulon Skipper
 Poanes zachaeus Plötz, 1883 – Zachaeus Skipper
References
 Gerardo Lamas (edited by) (2004).  Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera.  Checklist: Part4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea.  Scientific Publishers, Inc., Gainesville, FL.

Other websites

 Poanes at www.funet.fi

Hesperiidae
Concentric objects share the same center, axis, or origin. Circles,spheres, cylinders, tubes, and other round objects can be concentric. Concentric shapes do not normally have the same radius.

Geometry
Andreas Hinkel (born 26 March 1982) is a German football player. He plays for Celtic and Germany national team.

Career 
Hinkel grew up in Leutenbach in the state of Baden-Württemberg and started to play football there. When he was ten years old, he came to the youth teams of Stuttgart. In 2001 he had his first matches for Stuttgart in the UEFA Cup and in the Bundesliga. From 2003 to 2009, he played 21 matches for the Germany national team. His first international match was on 30 April 2003 against Serbia and Montenegro.

In 2006 he came to Sevilla in the La Liga. He won the UEFA Cup and the Copa del Rey with them. When he was in Sevilla, he did not play for Germany any more. He did not take part in 2006 FIFA World Cup and in 2008 UEFA Euro.

In the year 2008 he came to Celtic in Glasgow. They won Scottish Premier League in 2008 and the Scottish League Cup in 2009. On 10 September 2008, he played his first match for Germany after three years.

Club career statistics
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="6"|Stuttgart||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||10||0
|-
|2001/02||30||0
|-
|2002/03||33||0
|-
|2003/04||28||0
|-
|2004/05||29||1
|-
|2005/06||26||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Sevilla||rowspan="2"|La Liga||13||0
|-
|2007/08||2||0

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Celtic||rowspan="3"|Premier League||16||1
|-
|2008/09||32||0
|-
|2009/10||||
156||1
15||0
48||1
219||2
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
|2009||3||0
|-
!Total||21||0
|}

References 
 Andreas Hinkel's website (in English or German)
 Andreas Hinkel on fussballdaten.de (in German)

1982 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
The Nymphalidae is the largest family of butterflies, with about 6,000 species.  They live on all continents except Antarctica.  They are commonly known as nymphalids, brushfoots, or brush-footed butterflies.

Characteristics 
Brushfoots get their name from their front pair of legs.  This pair of legs is reduced.  They do not have claws at the end.  Only the middle and last pair of legs are used for walking. This is why they are called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies.

Many species are brightly colored and include popular species such as the emperors, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. Most hold their colourful wings flat when they are at rest. However, the underwings are often dull; in some species they look just like dead leaves, or are much paler. So when they raise their wings in the normal butterfly position, this cryptic effect helps the butterfly disappear into its surroundings.
Subfamilies
Apaturinae – Hackberry butterflies and Emperors
Biblidinae – Tropical Brushfoots
Calinaginae
Charaxinae – Leafwings
Cyrestinae
Danainae – Milkweed butterflies
Heliconiinae – Heliconiians and Fritillaries
Ithomiinae (sometimes placed in the subfamily Danainae as a tribe (a tribe is a ranking between family and genus))
Libytheinae – Snout butterflies
Limenitidinae – Admirals and Sisters
Morphinae – Morphos (sometimes placed in the subfamily Satyrinae as a tribe)
Nymphalinae – Buckeyes, Eggflies, Checkerspots, Crescents, Anglewings, and Ladies
Satyrinae – Satyrs and Browns.
Some example species
 Aglais urticae – Small Tortoiseshell
 Apatura iris – Purple Emperor
 Danaus plexippus – Monarch
 Hamadryas amphinome – Red Cracker
 Inachis io – Peacock
 Junonia coenia – Common Buckeye
 Libytheana carinenta – American Snout or Common Snout
 Limenitis archippus – Viceroy
 Morpho menelaus – Blue Morpho
 Nymphalis antiopa – Mourning Cloak or Camberwell Beauty
 Speyeria cybele – Great Spangled Fritillary
 Vanessa cardui – Painted Lady
 Vanessa atalanta – Red Admiral

Image gallery

References

Other websites

 Nymphalidae at Tree of Life
Marcel Schäfer (born 7 June 1984 in Aschaffenburg) is a German footballer.

Career 
Schäfer came to the youth teams of 1860 Munich when he was 16 years old. In 2003 he played his first and only Bundesliga match for Munich. After the Bundesliga season 2003-04, 1860 Munich was relegated to the 2. Bundesliga. Schäfer played three more years for Munich. 

In 2007 he went back to the Bundesliga and came to V.f.L. Wolfsburg. They won their first German Championship in 2009.

Schäfer plays for the German national football team since the year 2008. His first international match was against England on 19 November 2008.

Other websites 
 Marcel Schäfer's website  (in German)
 Marcel Schäfer on fussballdaten.de (in German)

1984 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Dred Scott (1799 – September 17, 1858) was a slave in the United States of America who took legal action to get his freedom in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case. His case was rejected by the Supreme Court.  

Many people were angry at the decision, and slavery became one of the main issues in the American Civil War a few years later. Slavery was ended after the Confederate States of America surrendered.

References

Slaves
1799 births
1858 deaths
Hannah Montana: The Movie is a 2009 American musical movie. It is based on the teen sitcom Hannah Montana. The film stars Miley Cyrus.

Storyline 
It is about a girl named, Miley Stewart, that is living the secret life of Hannah Montana. It starts with that she makes a mistake and comes late to her best friends, Lily, birthday party, dressed as Hannah. All attention goes to her, and Lily gets disappointed. As Hannah tries to make it up for Lily, she gets an offer to fly to New York with her manager Vanessa Williams but Miley's father Billy Ray Cyrus has other plans. His mother's birthday is coming up in Tennessee and he his clear that Miley will go, too. She complains and complains, which leads to her thinking she can go to New York, but is fooled by her father who drives her and her brother to Tennessee.
When they get there, Miley is seeing things in a different way and when she meets Trevor, a sweet guy she has known from her younger age, everything changes. Not to mention, the crazy journalist that is stalking her for a story that is supposed to bring her down.

2009 movies
2000s musical movies
American musical movies
English-language movies
Disney movies
Movies directed by Peter Chelsom