Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
January 1 - Freya von Moltke, 98, Germany Scholar.
 January 1 - Lhasa de Sela, 37, Mexican-American singer-songwriter.
 January 3 - Mary Daly, 81, American theologian.
 January 4 - Sandro de América, 64, Argentine singer.
 January 4 - Tsutomu Yamaguchi, 93, Japanese survivor of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs.
 January 4 - Casey Johnson, 30, American socialite.
 January 4 - Johan Ferrier, 99, Surinamese President.
 January 5 - Toni Tecuceanu, 37, Romanian actor, complications from swine flu.
 January 5 - Kenneth Noland, 85, American painter.
 January 8 - Art Clokey, 88, American cartoonist.
 January 9 - Armand Razafindratandra, 84, Malagasy cardinal.
 January 10 - Crispin Sorhaindo, 78, Dominica President.
 January 11 - Eric Rohmer, 89, French movie director.
 January 11 - Miep Gies, 100, Dutch woman who hid Anne Frank.
 January 12 - Zilda Arns, 75, Brazilian Pediatrician and aid worker, Earthquake
 January 13 - Teddy Pendergrass, 59, American singer-songwriter.
January 14 - Petra Schürmann, 76, Germany actress.
 January 15 - Marshall Warren Nirenberg, American biochemist, won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 84.
 January 17 - Erich Segal, 72, American author.
 January 17 - Jyoti Basu, 95, Indian politician.
 January 18 - Kate McGarrigle, 63, Canadian singer.
 January 19 - Panajot Pano, 70, Albanian footballer.
 January 19 - Bill McLaren, 86, Scottish rugby commentator.
 January 22 - Iskandar of Johor, 77, Malaysian politician.
 January 22 - Jean Simmons, 80, Anglo-American actress, lung cancer.
 January 23 - Earl Wild, 94, American pianist.
 January 24 - Pernell Roberts, 81, American actor.
 January 25 - Ali Hassan al-Majid, 68, Iraqi politician and mass murderer, execution by hanging.
 January 26 - Geoffrey Burbidge, 84, British astrophysicist.
 January 27 - Howard Zinn, 87, American historian.
 January 27 - J. D. Salinger, 91, American writer.
 January 27 - Zelda Rubinstein, 76, American actress and activist.
February 1 - David Brown, 93, American producer, renal failure.
 February 1 - Justin Mentell, 27, American actor.
 February 1 - Steingrímur Hermannsson, 81, Icelandic politician.
 February 4 - Philip Martin, 83, American chieftain.
 February 5 - Harry Schwarz, 85, South African lawyer and politician.
 February 6 - John Dankworth, 82, British jazz musician.
 February 7 - Franco Ballerini, 45, Italian road racing cyclist.
 February 7 - Andre Kolingba, 73, Central African politician.
 February 8 - John Murtha, 77, American politician.
 February 10 - Charles Wilson, 76, American politician.
 February 11 - Alexander McQueen, 40, British fashion designer, hanging.
 February 11 - Irina Arkhipova, 85, Russian singer, heart attack.
 February 12 - Leroy Nash, 94, American, oldest inmate on death row in the US.
 February 12 - Nodar Kumaritashvili, 21, Georgian luger, accident while practicing for Winter Olympics.
 February 14 - Dick Francis, 89, British jockey-turned-novelist.
February 17 - Kathryn Grayson, 88, American actress and singer.
 February 18 - Ariel Ramirez, 88, Argentine composer.
 February 18 - John Babcock, 109, Canadian World War I veteran.
 February 19 - Lionel Jeffries, 83, British actor.
 February 20 - Alexander Haig, 85, American politician, infection.
 February 23 - Orlando Zapata, 42, Cuban dissident, hunger strike.
 February 25 - Andrew Koenig, 41, American actor, suicide.
 February 27 - Wendy Toye, 92, British actress.
March 1 - Vladimir Ilyushin, 82, Russian pilot.
 March 2 - Winston Spencer Churchill, 69, British politician, grandson of former Prime Minister, Winston Churchill.
 March 3 - Michael Foot, 96, British politician.
 March 3 - Keith Alexander, 53, English footballer.
 March 4 - Vladislav Ardzinba, 64, Abkhazian politician.
 March 5 - Philip Langridge, 70, British tenor.
 March 7 - Kenneth Dover, 89, British classicist.
 March 9 - Granny D, 100, American political activist.
 March 10 - Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy, 81, Egyptian Muslim cleric.
 March 10 - Corey Haim, 38, Canadian actor, drug overdose.
 March 10 - Dorothy Janis, 100, American actress.
 March 12 - Miguel Delibes, 89, Spanish author and journalist, cancer.
 March 14 - Peter Graves, 83, American actor, heart attack.
 March 16 - Ksenija Pajcin, 32, Serbian musician.
 March 17 - Alex Chilton, 59, American musician.
 March 18 - Fess Parker, 85, American actor.
 March 20 - Stewart Udall, 90, American politician.
March 20 - Girija Prasad Koirala, 85, Nepalese politician.
 March 20 - Harry Carpenter, 84, British sports commentator.
 March 21 - Wolfgang Wagner, 90, German opera director, grandson of Richard Wagner, great-grandson of Franz Liszt.
 March 22 - Valentina Tolkunova, 63, Russian singer, cancer.
 March 22 - Sir James W. Black, 85, British physician, winner 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
 March 24 - Robert Culp, 79, American actor, injuries from a fall.
 March 25 - Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, 93, German political scientist.
 March 27 - Stanley Vann, 100, British church musician.
 March 27 - Vasily Smyslov, 89, Soviet, world chess champion.
 March 27 - Peter Herbolzheimer, 74, German jazz musician.
 March 27 - Dick Giordano, 77, American comic book artist.
 March 28 - June Havoc, 97, American actress.
 March 28 - Herb Ellis, 88, American musician. 
 March 30 - Martin Sandberger, 98, German military officer.
April 1 - Ed Roberts, 68, American computer pioneer.
 April 1 - John Forsythe, 92, American actor, pneumonia.
 April 3 - Eugene Terre'Blanche, 69, South African political activist, beaten.
 April 5 - Vitaly Sevastyanov, 74, Soviet cosmonaut.
 April 6 - Corin Redgrave, 70, British political activist.
 April 7 - Christopher Cazenove, 64, British actor, sepsis.
 April 8 - Malcolm McLaren, 64, British music manager, mesothelioma.
 April 8 - Abel Muzorewa, 84, former bishop and Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.
 April 9 - Meinhardt Raabe, 94, American actor.
 April 10 - Maria Kaczyńska, 67, First Lady of Poland, plane crash.
 April 10 - Lech Kaczynski, 60, President of Poland, plane crash.
 April 10 - Ryszard Kaczorowski, 90, Polish politician, plane crash.
 April 10 - Dixie Carter, 70, American actress, cancer.
 April 12 - Werner Schroeter, 65, German movie director.
 April 14 - Israr Ahmed, 77, Pakistani Islamic scholar, heart attack.
 April 14 - Peter Steele, 48, American gothic metal musician, heart attack.
April 16 - Carlos Franqui, 88, Cuban writer and political activist.
 April 16 - Tomas Spidlik, 90, Czech cardinal
 April 19 - Guru, 48, American rapper, multiple myeloma.
 April 20 - Dorothy Height, 98, American civil rights activist.
 April 21 - Juan Antonio Samaranch, 89, Spanish former President of the International Olympic Committee
 April 25 - Alan Sillitoe, 82, British writer.
 April 26 - Prabha Rau, 75, Indian politician, heart attack.
 April 30 - Paul Mayer, 98, German cardinal
May 2 - Kama Chinen, 114, Japanese supercentenarian, officially the oldest person in the world at the time of her death.
 May 2 - Lynn Redgrave, 67, Anglo-American actress, breast cancer.
 May 3 - Florencio Campomanes, 83, Filipino chessplayer & President of FIDE.
 May 3 - Guenter Wendt, 86, German-American NASA engineer.
 May 4 - Luigi Poggi, 92, Italian cardinal.
 May 4 - Michael Thalbourne, 55, Australian physician
 May 5 - Giulietta Simionato, 99, Italian opera singer.
 May 5 - Umaru Yar'Adua, 58, President of Nigeria, after long illness.
 May 7 - Wally Hickel, 90, American politician, 2nd Governor of Alaska.
 May 8 - Andor Lilienthal, 99, Hungarian chess player.
 May 9 - Lena Horne, 92, American singer and actress.
 May 9 - Acharya Mahapragya, 89, Indian religious leader (Jainism), heart attack.
 May 10 - Frank Frazetta, 82, American artist.
 May 15 - Besian Idrizaj, 22, Austrian football player, heart attack.
 May 15 - Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, 86, former Vice-President of India.
May 15 - John Shepherd-Barron, 84, Scottish inventor, invented the ATM.
 May 16 - Oswaldo López Arellano, 88, former President of Honduras.
 May 16 - Hank Jones, 91, American jazz pianist.
 May 16 - Ronnie James Dio, 67, American heavy metal musician, stomach cancer.
 May 17 - Yvonne Loriod, 86, French pianist.
 May 17 - Khattiya Sawasdipol, 58, Thai General, shot.
 May 17 - Bobbejaan Schoepen, 85, Belgian singer.
 May 18 - Edoardo Sanguineti, 79, Italian writer.
 May 20 - Walter Rudin, 89, Austrian-born mathematician.
 May 22 - Martin Gardner, 95, American author.
 May 23 - Leonida Georgievna, 95, Russian Grand Duchess.
 May 24 - Paul Gray, 38, American musician (Slipknot).
 May 25 - Siphiwo Ntshebe, 35, South African singer.
 May 26 - Art Linkletter, 97, Canadian-American television personality.
 May 27 - John William Finn, 100, American Navy officer.
 May 28 - Gary Coleman, 42, American actor, cerebral hemorrhage.
 May 29 - Dennis Hopper, 74, American actor, prostate cancer.
June 1 - Kazuo Ohno, 103, Japanese dancer.
 June 1 - Andrey Voznesensky, 77, Russian poet.
 June 2 - Giuseppe Taddei, 93, Italian opera singer.
 June 3 - Vladimir Arnold, 72, Russian mathematician.
 June 3 - Rue McClanahan, 76, American actress, stroke.
 June 4 - John Wooden, 99, American basketball player and coach, natural causes.
 June 7 - Mordechai Eliyahu, 81, Israeli rabbi.
 June 7 - Stuart Cable, 40, British drummer.
 June 9 - Marina Semyonova, 101, Russian ballerina.
 June 10 - Ferdinand Oyono, 80, Cameroonian writer.
 June 10 - Sigmar Polke, 69, German painter.
 June 13 - Jimmy Dean, 81, American country music singer.
 June 14 - Leonid Kizim, 68, Soviet cosmonaut.
 June 15 - Heidi Kabel, 95, German actress.
 June 16 - Ronald Neame, 99, British movie director.
 June 18 - Marcel Bigeard, 94, French military officer.
 June 18 - José Saramago, 87, Portuguese writer, winner 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.
 June 19 - Manute Bol, 47, Sudanese basketball player, kidney failure.
June 19 - Carlos Monsivais, 72, Mexican writer and journalist.
 June 20 - Roberto Rosato, 66, Italian footballer.
 June 21 - Stanley Lucas, 110, British supercentenarian, oldest man in Europe at the time of his death.
 June 23 - Mohamed Mzali, 84, former Prime Minister of Tunisia.
 June 26 - Algirdas Brazauskas, 77, former President of Lithuania.
 June 28 - Robert Byrd, 92, American senator.
July 2 - Beryl Bainbridge, 77, British writer, cancer.
 July 3 - Abu Daoud, 73, Palestinian politician and military commander.
 July 3 - Herbert Erhardt, 79, German footballer.
 July 4 - Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, 74, Lebanese spiritual leader.
 July 5 - David Fanshawe, 68, British composer and explorer.
 July 5 - Bob Probert, 45, Canadian ice hockey player.
 July 5 - Cesare Siepi, 87, Italian opera singer.
 July 5 - Nasr Abu Zayd, 66, Egyptian-Dutch academic.
 July 6 - Werner Schmalenbach, 89, German art historian and curator.
 July 10 - Sugar Minott, 54, Jamaican reggae singer.
 July 10 - Raoul Moat, 37, British murderer, suicide by gunshot.
 July 11 - Bob Sheppard, 99, American public address and baseball announcer, natural causes.
 July 12 - Günter Behnisch, 88, German architect.
 July 12 - Harvey Pekar, 70, American comic, writer, and music critic.
 July 13 - George Steinbrenner, 80, American baseball team owner, heart attack.
 July 14 - Charles Mackerras, 84, Australian conductor.
July 14 - Madalina Manole, 43, Romanian singer.
 July 17 - Bernard Giraudeau, 63, French actor, director and writer.
 July 19 - David Warren, 85, Australian inventor.
 July 20 - Benedikt Sigurdsson Grondal, 86, Icelandic politician.
 July 21 - Luis Corvalan, 93, Chilean politician.
 July 21 - Anthony Rolfe Johnson, 69, British operatic tenor
 July 24 - Theo Albrecht, 88, German businessman (Aldi Nord).
 July 24 - Alex Higgins, 61, Northern Irish snooker player, throat cancer.
 July 25 - Vasco de Almeida e Costa, 77, Portuguese politician.
 July 27 - Maury Chaykin, 61, Canadian actor.
 July 27 - Wallace Souza, 51, Brazilian entertainer, politician, and criminal.
 July 29 - Zheng Ji, 110, Chinese supercentenarian, nutritionist and biochemist.
 July 31 - Suso Cecchi d'Amico, 96, Italian screenwriter.
 July 31 - Mitch Miller, 99, American music executive and television host.
August 5 - Godfrey Binaisa, 90, Ugandan politician and former President.
 August 6 - Catfish Collins, 66, American guitarist (James Brown, Bootsy's Rubber Band, Parliament-Funkadelic), cancer.
 August 6 - Fredrik Ericsson, 35, Swedish climber, fall on K2.
 August 6 - Tony Judt, 62, British historian.
 August 7 - Bruno Cremer, 80, French actor.
 August 8 - Patricia Neal, 84, American actress, lung cancer.
 August 8 - Massamasso Tchangai, 32, Togolese footballer, heart attack.
 August 9 - Ted Stevens, 86, United States Senator, plane crash.
 August 10 - Antonio Pettigrew, 42, American athlete.
 August 12 - Guido de Marco, 79, former President of Malta.
 August 13 - Lance Cade, 29, American wrestler.
 August 14 - Abbey Lincoln, 80, American jazz singer and actress.
 August 15 - Lionel Regal, 37, French hillclimbing racer.
 August 16 - Nicola Cabibbo, 75, Italian physicist.
 August 16 - Dimitrios Ioannidis, 87, Greek military officer.
 August 17 - Francesco Cossiga, 82, 8th President of Italy.
August 18 - Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma, 80, Spanish aristocrat, cancer.
 August 19 - Ahna Capri, 66, American Actress, car accident.
 August 21 - Christoph Schlingensief, 49, German movie and theatre director, lung cancer.
 August 22 - Stjepan Bobek, 86, Croatian footballer.
 August 23 - Satoshi Kon, 46, Japanese movie director, pancreatic cancer.
 August 26 - William B. Lenoir, 71, American astronaut, died from head injuries caused by a bicycle accident.
 August 26 - Raimon Panikkar, 91, Indian-Spanish theologian.
 August 27 - Anton Geesink, 76, Dutch judoka.
 August 28 - Sinan Hasani, 88, 10th President of Yugoslavia.
 August 30 - J. C. Bailey, 27, American professional wrestler.
 August 30 - Alain Corneau, 67, French filmmaker, cancer.
 August 30 - Francisco Varallo, 100, Argentine footballer.
 August 31 - Laurent Fignon, 50, French road bicycle racer, cancer.
September 2 - Shmuel Eisenstadt, 86, Israeli sociologist.
 September 5 - Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo, 88, Dutch painter.
 September 5 - Shoya Tomizawa, 19, Japanese motorcycle racer, motorcycle accident.
 September 7 - Amar Garibovic, 19, Serbian skier, car crash.
 September 8 - Israel Tal, 85, Israeli general.
 September 9 - Bent Larsen, 75, Danish chess player.
 September 11 - Kevin McCarthy, 96, American actor.
 September 12 - Claude Chabrol, 80, French movie director.
 September 18 - Egon Klepsch, 80, German politician.
 September 20 - Fud Leclerc, 86, Belgian singer.
 September 22 - Eddie Fisher, 82, American singer.
 September 22 - Jorge Gonzalez, 44, Argentine basketball player and wrestler, diabetes.
 September 24 - Gennady Yanayev, 73, Soviet politician.
 September 25 - Art Gilmore, 98, American radio, television announcer.
 September 26 - Gloria Stuart, 100, American actress.
 September 28 - Arthur Penn, 88, American director and producer.
 September 29 - Tony Curtis, 85, American actor.
September 29 - Georges Charpak, 86, Polish-born French physicist.
 September 29 - Greg Giraldo, 44, American comedian, overdose on prescription medication.
 September 30 - Stephen J. Cannell, 69, American television producer and writer.
October 3 - Philippa Foot, 90, British philosopher.
 October 4 - Norman Wisdom, 95, British actor and comedian.
 October 5 - Bernard Clavel, 87, French writer.
 October 7 - Milka Planinc, 85, Yugoslavian politician, former Prime Minister.
 October 9 - Maurice Allais, 99, French economist, winner 1988 Nobel Prize in Economics, natural causes.
 October 10 - Solomon Burke, 70, American singer-songwriter, natural causes.
 October 10 - Hwang Jang-yop, 87, North Korean politician and defector.
 October 10 - Joan Sutherland, 83, Australian soprano.
 October 12 - Manuel Alexandre, 92, Spanish actor, cancer.
 October 14 - Simon MacCorkindale, 58, British actor, bowel cancer.
 October 14 - Benoit Mandelbrot, 85, French-American mathematician, pancreatic cancer.
 October 14 - Hermann Scheer, 66, German politician, heart failure.
 October 16 - Barbara Billingsley, 94, American actress, polymyalgia.
 October 19 - Tom Bosley, 83, American actor, heart failure.
October 20 - Bob Guccione, 79, American founder of Penthouse magazine, lung cancer.
 October 20 - Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari, 70, former President of Pakistan.
 October 21 - Loki Schmidt, 91, German environmentalist and wife of former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt, illness after fall.
 October 23 - David Thompson, 48, Prime Minister of Barbados, pancreatic cancer.
 October 25 - Gregory Isaacs, 59, Jamaican musician, lung cancer.
 October 26 - Paul the Octopus, 2, FIFA World Cup oracle, natural causes.
 October 27 - Néstor Kirchner, 60, former President of Argentina, heart attack.
 October 28 - Jonathan Motzfeldt, 72, Greenlandic politician, two-time former Prime Minister, cancer.
 October 30 - Harry Mulisch, 83, Dutch writer, cancer.
November 1 - Ed Litzenberger, 78, Canadian ice hockey player.
 November 2 - Rudolf Barshai, 86, Russian conductor.
 November 3 - Viktor Chernomyrdin, 72, Russian politician, former Prime Minister, cancer.
 November 4 - Eugenie Blanchard, 114, French-Caribbean supercentenarian, world's oldest living person.
 November 5 - Hajo Herrmann, 97, German Luftwaffe pilot.
 November 5 - Jill Clayburgh, 66, American actress, chronic leukemia.
 November 8 - Emilio Eduardo Massera, 85, Argentine military officer.
 November 10 - Dino De Laurentiis, 91, Italian movie producer.
 November 12 - Henryk Gorecki, 76, Polish composer, after long illness.
 November 13 - Luis Garcia Berlanga, 89, Spanish movie director.
 November 15 - Larry Evans, 78, American chess player.
 November 17 - Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa, 87, Brazilian footballer, cancer.
 November 18 - Gaye Stewart, 87, Canadian ice hockey player.
 November 21 - David Nolan, 66, American activist and politician.
 November 22 - Frank Fenner, 95, Australian scientist.
November 23 - Ingrid Pitt, 73, Polish-born British actress.
 November 24 - Huang Hua, 97, Chinese politician.
 November 27 - Irvin Kershner, 87, American movie director, after long illness.
 November 28 - Leslie Nielsen, 84, Canadian-born American actor, complications from pneumonia.
 November 29 - Mario Monicelli, 95, Italian movie director, suicide.
 November 29 - Maurice Wilkes, 97, British computer scientist.
 November 29 - Bella Akhmadulina, 73, Russian poet.
December 1 - Adriaan Blaauw, 96, Dutch astronomer.
 December 2 - Ron Santo, 70. American baseball player, cancer.
 December 2 - Lee Huan, 93, Taiwanese politician, former Premier of the Republic of China.
 December 3 - Hugues Cuenod, 108, Swiss tenor.
 December 5 - Don Meredith, 72, American football player and television announcer, brain hemorrhage.
 December 9 - James Moody, 85, American jazz musician, pancreatic cancer.
 December 10 - John Bennett Fenn, 93, American chemist, Nobel laureate.
 December 12 - Tom Walkinshaw, 64, British engineer and racing team owner.
 December 13 - Richard Holbrooke, 69, American diplomat, complications from a torn aorta.
 December 15 - Blake Edwards, 88, American movie director, complications from pneumonia
 December 15 - Bob Feller, 92, American baseball player.
 December 15 - Jean Rollin, 72, French movie director, actor and writer.
 December 17 - Captain Beefheart, 69, American musician.
 December 18 - Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, 70, Italian banker and politician.
December 20 - Brian Hanrahan, 61, British journalist, cancer.
 December 21 - Enzo Bearzot, 83, Italian footballer and coach.
 December 23 - K. Karunakaran, 92, Indian-Keralan politician, stroke.
 December 24 - Elisabeth Beresford, 84, British author.
 December 24 - Roy Neuberger, 107, American banker and art collector.
December 24 - Eino Tamberg, 80, Estonian composer.
 December 25 - Carlos Andrés Pérez, 88, 55th President of Venezuela, cardiac arrest.
 December 26 - Teena Marie, 54, American singer-songwriter.
December 26 - Salvador Jorge Blanco, 84, 48th President of the Dominican Republic, complications from fall.
 December 27 - Ronald Lee Herrick, 79, first organ donor, complications from heart surgery.
 December 28 - Billy Taylor, 89, American jazz musician, cardiac arrest.
December 29 - Avi Cohen, 54, Israeli footballer, complications of head injuries.
December 30 - Bobby Farrell, 61, Aruban performer.
December 30 - Ellis Clarke, 93, 1st President of Trinidad and Tobago, complications from a stroke.
Casey Johnson (September 24, 1979 - January 4, 2010) was an American socialite and heiress to the Johnson & Johnson empire. Her father was businessman Woody Johnson. She was openly bisexual and was engaged to model and reality television star Tila Tequila in December 2009. Johnson was found dead in her Los Angeles home on January 4, 2010. She died of diabetes complications.

References

2010 deaths
1979 births
LGBT people from California
American socialites
Bisexual people
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
People from Los Angeles
The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was a singing competition that took place in Oslo, Norway, after Alexander Rybak won the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song called "Fairytale".

Semi-final 1

Semi-final 2

Final 

2010 in Europe
2010 in music
2010s in Norway
2010
21st century in Oslo
Parides is a genus of swallowtail butterflies in the family Papilionidae.  They are found in North America, Central America, and South America.

Related pages 
Parides alopius Godman & Salvin, 1890 - White-dotted Cattleheart
Parides childrenae Gray, 1832 - Green-celled Cattleheart
Parides erithalion Boisduval, 1836 - Variable Cattleheart
Parides montezuma Westwood, 1842 - Montezuma's Cattleheart

References

Gerardo Lamas (edited by) (2004).  Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera.  Checklist: Part4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea.  Scientific Publishers, Inc., Gainesville, FL.  
Jeffrey Glassberg (2007).  A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America.  Sunstreak Books Inc.
A medical school is a place where medical students learn medicine. When they graduate from a medical school, they become a physician or a doctor.  Medical Schools grant Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) and sometimes Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degrees. Students take classes in human biology and disease then take a license exam to practice medicine.

Medical student
A medical student or student doctor is a person who has been accepted to a medical school and is studying to become a doctor. Medical students are typically required to learn about basic health, science, technology and the clinical practice of medicine. Medical students learn human anatomy, physiology, diseases, and different drugs.

Medical students are generally considered to be at the earliest stage of the medical career pathway. In some locations they are required to be registered with a government body.
Medical students typically engage in both basic science and practical clinical coursework during their tenure in medical school. Course structure and length vary greatly among countries.

Notable medical schools

USA
It might be needless to say that the Ivy League universities have one of the greatest medical schools in the world. Generally, most large-scale American universities (such as Stanford University) have a medical school.

Europe

UK
In the United Kingdom, Oxford University has made great medical textbooks through the Oxford University Press. Imperial College London is also famous for their medical education.

Mainland Europe
Karolinska Institutet is known as one of the greatest medical school in mainland Europe. They are also involved in the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Asia
Asia

Singapore
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine at Nanyang Technological University are famous medical schools with unique names. For graduate level, Duke-NUS Medical School is operated with Duke University.

Japan
Some major universities in Japan also includes a high quality medical school:
 Keio University
 Kyoto University
 Nihon University
 Osaka University
 Tokyo Medical and Dental University
 Tokyo Women's Medical University
 University of Tokyo

References

Tertiary education
Doom 3 (or Doom III in roman numerals), is a sequel to the first-person shooter game Doom 2. It was created by iD Software, and came out in 2004. It was the first to not be based on the same game engine as Doom and Doom 2, and had 40 levels. Even though the game is named Doom 3, the game is not a direct sequel, which means the story does not take place after Doom or Doom 2. In fact, it is a reboot of the first Doom, which means it is a new start to the Doom story. Doom 3 has a very dark environment, and the player carries a flashlight to light the way, although the flashlight can't be used at the same time as the weapons. However, this feature changed the BFG Edition, where the player does not carry the flashlight like a weapon, but the player can use at any time during gameplay
. That being said, the player must be careful not to use the flashlight too long, because the flashlight will automatically turn off after it runs after battery, and the player must wait for the battery to recharge before using the flashlight again. The game had two expansions, Resurrection of Evil and Lost Mission.
Changes from Doom 2 
 Much slower pace of gameplay
Much more emphasis on survival horror
Much higher texture resolution and quality
 More focus on the plot than in the original Doom
Cutscenes are shown in third person, which means the player can see their own character during these cutscenes
 Contains video and speech
 Most of the weapons and monsters from Doom 2 are present, but they look different
Three new weapons are added in the main campaign, the Machine Gun, Grenades, and the Soul Cube
One new weapon was added to Resurrection of Evil, the Grabber
 Support for room-over-room, colored lighting, mouse look, and sloped surfaces
 Support for scripting
 Most (but not all) sounds replaced
 Weapons must be reloaded and do not fire continuously
 Monsters are faster and will charge at the player and attempt to dodge the player's bullets
New monsters are added, such as Cherubs, Trites, Vagaries, Wraiths, and Maggots, etc.
Most of the boss enemies are only in Doom 3 (except for the Cyberdemon)
Many more jumpscares
 Cheat codes are different (typing one of the original cheat codes displays the message "your memory serves you well!")
 The status bar face was removed
 The player now carries a "PDA" (Personal Data Assistant) that is used to unlock doors (in Doom 2 red, yellow, and blue keys unlocked doors)
 No clipping (walk through walls/floors) cheat code disables clipping through both walls and floors (in Doom 2 it only disabled clipping through walls)
 Nightmare mode is not playable until completing the game on any of the lower difficulty modes
 Some monsters from Hell no longer leave behind corpses (but zombies still do)
The player can only sprint for a short time before needing to recharge (except in the Hell levels)
Related pages
Doom
Doom 2
Doom 64
Doom (2016 video game)

Other websites
Doom 3 on the Doom Wiki

Video game sequels
Doom video games
Star Trek is a science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that aired from September 8, 1966 to September 2, 1969. Though the original series was just called Star Trek, it got the nickname Star Trek: The Original Series (ST:TOS or TOS) to make it different from the spinoffs, and from the Star Trek universe or franchise they take up. Set in the 23rd century, the first Star Trek follows the adventures of the starship USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) and its crew, led by Captain James T. Kirk  (William Shatner), his First Officer Mr. Spock (Leonard Nimoy), and his Chief Medical Officer Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley). William Shatner's voice-over introduction during each episode's opening credits stated the starship's purpose:
Early Years 
When Star Trek first came on NBC in 1966, it was not successful to begin; ratings were low and advertising revenue was very little. Even at the end of the first season of Star Trek, there were already calls in the network to cancel the series due to its low Nielsen ratings. Bay Area Creature Features host John Stanley in his memoir I Was a TV Horror Host relates how Desilu head Lucille Ball at that time "single handedly" kept Star Trek from being removed from the NBC-TV lineup."
Close to the end of the second season the show was still in danger of being canceled. Its fans succeeded in giving it a third season; but NBC moved the show to the "Friday night death slot" at 10 PM. Star Trek was finally canceled at the end of the third season, making 79 episodes in total. However, this was enough for the show to be stripped in syndication, allowing it to become very popular and gather a large cult following during the 1970s. After the success of the program, five additional television series and eleven movies, including the newest movie Star Trek, which came out in May 2009. Guinness World Records lists the original Star Trek as having more spin-offs than any other television show in history.

Related pages
 Star Trek
 Star Trek: The Next Generation
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 Star Trek: Voyager

References
References 

Original Series
NBC network shows
1966 establishments in the United States
1969 television series endings
1960s disestablishments in the United States
1966 television series debuts
English-language television programs
Star Trek is an animated American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that is based on and contiunes the story of the original series. The animated series was aired under the name Star Trek, but it has become more known under this longer name (or abbreviated as ST: TAS or TAS) to make it different from the original live action Star Trek. The success of the original live action series and fan pressure for a Star Trek revival led to The Animated Series from 1973-1974, as the source of new adventures of the Enterprise crew, the next being the live-action feature movie 1979's Star Trek: The Motion Picture. TAS was the first Star Trek series to win an Emmy Award.

Related pages
 Star Trek
 Star Trek: The Next Generation
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 Star Trek: Voyager

References 
* TVClassicsondvd.Com – Complete Series on DVD
1973 American television series debuts
1974 American television series endings
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Enterprise (retitled Star Trek: Enterprise at the start of its third season) is a science fiction television program created by Brannon Braga and Rick Berman.  It is set in the fictional Star Trek universe created by Gene Roddenberry in the 1960s.  It aired from 2001 to 2005.  The series follows the adventures of humanity's first Warp 5 starship, the Enterprise, ten years before the United Federation of Planets shown in previous Star Trek series.

Related pages
Star Trek
Star Trek: The Original Series
Star Trek: The Next Generation
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
Star Trek: Voyager
Star Trek: The Animated Series

References

Enterprise
UPN network shows
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Popularity is the state of being well-liked or well-known. People, things, and ideas can be popular. Popularity figures are an important part of many people's personal value systems, and forms a critical part of success in fields such as management, politics, and the entertainment industry, among others.

Many different varieties of popularity exist, and many ways in which to gain it. General popularity usually involves respect in two ways: a popular person is respected by groups of people and will take that respect. This reinforces the idea that the person deserves the popularity. Likewise, amicability (friendliness) is an important part of popularity, as a person who does not like others is unlikely to be liked by others. This inverse nature of interpersonal popularity is often overlooked by people (particularly the young) who are attempting to become popular: being loud may be successful in gaining attention, but is unlikely to provide mutual respect.

Society
In engineering, a prime mover is an engine that converts fuel to useful work. In locomotives, the prime mover is thus the source of power for its propulsion. The term is generally used when discussing about any locomotive powered by an internal combustion engine.

References 

Locomotives
The argument from design is an argument for the existence of God or a creator. According to the argument, the appearance of design in nature is evidence for the existence of God. The argument is teleological, because it assumes a purpose. The word "teleological" comes from the Ancient Greek telos, which means "end" or "purpose".

Teleology assumes there is purpose or direction in the works and processes of nature. Immanuel Kant called this argument the physico–theological proof.

The argument 
Most of the classic forms of this argument are linked to monotheism. Simply talking about a "designer", gives the following, simple formulation.
 Complexity implies a designer.
 The universe is highly complex.
 Therefore, the universe has a designer.

A concise and whimsical teleological argument was offered by G. K. Chesterton in 1908: "So one elephant having a trunk was odd; but all elephants having trunks looked like a plot."

History of the argument
Socrates (c. 469-399 B.C.) He argued that the adaptation of human parts to one another, such as the eyelids protecting the eyeballs, could not have been due to chance and was a sign of wise planning in the universe.

Plato (c. 427–c. 347 B.C.) posited a "demiurge" of supreme wisdom and intelligence as the creator of the cosmos in his work Timaeus. For him, the demiurge lacked the supernatural ability to create ex nihilo or out of nothing. The demiurge was able only to organize the "ananke" (αναγκη). The ananke was the only other co-existent element or presence in Plato's cosmogony. Plato's teleological perspective is also built upon the analysis of a priori order and structure in the world that he had already presented in The Republic.
Aristotle (c. 384–322 B.C.) also developed the idea of a creator of the cosmos, often referred to as the "Prime Mover" in his work Metaphysics. Aristotle's views have very strong aspects of a teleological argument, specifically that of a prime mover, who (so to speak) looks ahead in setting the cosmos into motion. Indeed, Aristotle argued that all nature reflects inherent purposiveness and direction.
Cicero (c. 106–c. 43 B.C.) also made one of the earliest known teleological arguments. In de Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods) Cicero stated, "The divine power is to be found in a principle of reason that pervades the whole of nature". He was writing from the cultural background of the Roman religion. In Roman mythology the creator goddess, Gaia was borrowed from Greek mythology. The Romans called her Tellus or Terra.
"When you see a sundial or a water-clock, you see that it tells the time by design and not by chance. How then can you imagine that the universe as a whole is devoid of purpose and intelligence, when it embraces everything, including these artifacts themselves and their artificers?" (Cicero, De Natura Deorum, ii. 34)
Augustine of Hippo (A.D. 354–430) presented a classic teleological perspective in his work City of God. He describes the "city of man" and essentially posits that God's plan is to replace the city of man with the city of God (at some as-yet-unknown point in the future). Whether this is to happen gradually or suddenly is not made clear in Augustine's work. He did not, however, make a formal argument for the existence of God; rather, God's existence is already presumed and Augustine is giving a proposed view of God's teleology. Augustine's perspective follows from and is built upon the neo-Platonic views of his era, which in turn have their original roots in Plato's cosmogony.

Objections and counterarguments
Complexity does not show design 
The idea is that one can infer the existence of intelligent design by looking at an object. The teleological argument says that because life is complex, it must have been designed. It is argued that this is non-sequitur logic. Life or objects are described as "orderly" or "ordered", which shows that an intelligent designer has ordered them. However, in real life, there are examples of systems that are non-random or ordered simply because it is following natural physical processes, for example diamonds or snowflakes.
The design claim is often challenged as an argument from ignorance, since it is often unexplained or unsupported, or explained by unscientific conjecture. Supporters of design assume that natural objects and man-made objects have similar properties, therefore both must be designed. However, different objects can have similar properties for different reasons, such as stars and light bulbs. Proponents must therefore demonstrate that only design can cause orderly systems or the argument is invalid.
A designed organism would, on the face of it, be in contradiction to evolutionary theory. Most biologists support the idea of evolution, by means of natural selection. They  therefore reject the first premise, arguing that evolution is not only an alternative explanation for the complexity of life but a better explanation with more supporting evidence. Living organisms obey the same physical laws as inanimate objects. A range of chemical reactions could take place, forming other chemicals with complex properties and ways of interacting. Over very long periods of time self-replicating structures could arise and later form DNA. This has in fact been demonstrated artificially via the Avida program, which can construct complex programs without being given any design (similar programs have had similar results with building machines). Biologists therefore commonly view the design argument as an unimpressive argument for the existence of a god.

Does not prove the existence of God
Another argument states that even if the argument from design proved the existence of a powerful intelligent designer, it would not prove that the designer is God. Voltaire observed in his  Traité de métaphysique:

... from this sole argument I cannot conclude anything further than that it is probable that an intelligent and superior being has skillfully prepared and fashioned the matter.  I cannot conclude from that alone that this being has made matter out of nothing and that he is infinite in every sense.

David Hume pointed out that the argument does not necessarily lead to the existence of one God. In his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, the character Philo argued (p. 108), amidst other counterarguments to the teleological argument, "why may not several deities combine in contriving and framing the world?"

Contradictory premises lead to an infinite regress
Critics such as Richard Dawkins often argue that the teleological argument would in turn apply to the proposed designer, arguing any designer must be at least as complex and purposeful as the designed object (in Dawkins' words, "The Ultimate 747", a reference to Hoyle's analogy to a windstorm sweeping through a junkyard and constructing a 747). This, they say, would create the absurdity of an infinite series of designers.

Assertion of inconsistencies in the 'Design' of the Universe
Proponents of teleology have argued against this objection on various grounds. For example, William A. Dembski says that such arguments are based upon presumptions about what a designer would or would not do, and so constitute a "theological rather than scientific claim." "Not knowing the designer," he continues, "they are in no position to say whether the designer proposed a faulty compromise among those [design] objectives." (Dembski 2004, pp. 58–9)

Additionally, the claim of an apparent inconsistency between the "design" of predators and prey ignores the balance of the ecosystem. Dembski counters, "In criticizing design, [critics] tend to place premium on functionalities of individual organisms and see design as optimal to the degree that those individual functionalities are maximized. But higher-order designs of entire ecosystems might require lower-order designs of individual organisms." (Dembski, 2004, p. 61)
Noncoherence
George H. Smith, in his book Atheism: The Case Against God, points out what he considers to be a fatal flaw in the argument from design
Consider the idea that nature itself is the product of design. How could this be demonstrated? Nature, as we have seen, provides the basis of comparison by which we distinguish between designed objects and natural objects. We are able to infer the presence of design only to the extent that the characteristics of an object differ from natural characteristics. Therefore, to claim that nature as a whole was designed is to destroy the basis by which we differentiate between artifacts and natural objects. Evidences of design are those characteristics not found in nature, so it is impossible to produce evidence of design within the context of nature itself. Only if we first step beyond nature, and establish the existence of a supernatural designer, can we conclude that nature is the result of conscious planning. (p. 268)
Sources and further reading
 Will Crouch, "Hume and Philo on the Teleological Argument" 
 Richard Dawkins (1986) The Blind Watchmaker (takes a view against the teleological argument).
 William A. Dembski (2004) The Design Revolution. England: Intervarsity Press
 Daniel Dennett (1995). Darwin's Dangerous Idea.
 Derek Gjersen (1989). Science and Philosophy: Past and Present. London: Penguin.
 Cornelius G. Hunter (2007). "Science's Blind Spot: The Unseen Religion of Scientific Naturalism". Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press
 Hugh Ross. "Evidence For Design In The Universe", from Limits for the Universe.
  Bernard V. Lightman. (2007), Victorian popularizers of science,  
 Eric Sotnak, "Analysis of the Teleological Argument" 
 JP Moreland (1987). Scaling the Secular City: A Defense of Christianity, Chapter 2

References
References

Other websites
 Teleological Arguments for God's Existence from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 Dictionary of the history of Ideas:  Design argument
 A "Preface" to Aquinas' Teleological Argument 
  Online in full.
 .
 Design arguments for the existence of God from the Internet encyclopedia of philosophy.
 William Lane Craig: ''The Teleological Argument and the Anthropic Principle
 The Skeptic's Dictionary on argument from design

Intelligent design
Philosophy
List of fauna
Direhorse is (Pa'li in Na'vi language) a hexapodal equine-like creature.  The Direhorse was conceived and designed by Cameron and Stan Winston Studios.  Cameron described the creature as a "six-legged alien Clydesdale with moth-like antennae".
Great Leonopteryx (Toruk in Na'vi language) is an airborne predator native to Pandora. The fierce beauty and nobility of the leonopteryx gave the species a place in central Na'vi lore and culture. It is celebrated in dance, song, and with elaborate totems that symbolizes both the fear and respect accorded to the creature. The leonopteryx is considered crucial to the Na'vi sense of destiny and interconnectedness. Prior to the events of the movie, it had only been tamed five times, and Neytiri tells Jake that the riders (Toruk Makto) brought peace among the Pandoran tribes. The Great Leonopteryx and the Banshee were designed with bright colors.  Page based the colors on Earth's birds, poison dart frogs, and Monarch butterflies, though he altered the patterns so they would not obviously come from Earth's animals.
Hammerhead Titanothere (Angtsìk in Na'vi language) is a large herbivore with a head shaped like a hammer.  The creature, which resembles a cross between a rhinoceros and a hammerhead shark, is angered easily.
Hexapede (Yerik in Na'vi language) are hexapodal deerlike creatures.
Mountain Banshee (Ikran in Na'vi language) is an airborne predator who lives in mountainous territory on Pandora.  Na'vi warriors attempt to bond with a Banshee, a dangerous and required rite of passage.  A Banshee bonds to a Na'vi warrior for life.  Page spent the most time designing the Banshee for the movie so it would be convincing when it flew or perched.  The designer said, "The hardest thing of all was having a Na'vi on top of it and flying it. You had to backwards engineer it. It was like designing and engineering an aircraft."  Barlowe, who contributed to the Banshee's design, was influenced by manta rays and skates as well as relatively little-known pterosaurs and plesiosaurs that had "many, unique aerodynamic and hydrodynamic" characteristics. Like the color scheme for the Great Leonopteryx, color schemes based on Earth animals were used for various Banshees, though Page was inspired by Art Nouveau prints to warp the schemes so they would not look familiar to movie audiences.
Thanator (Palulukan in Na'vi language) is a large hexapodal land predator.  Cameron personally designed the creature.  Its appearance is similar to a panther; Cameron describes the Thanator as "a panther from hell".  The director explained how the Thanator is the most fearsome creature on Pandora, "The Thanator could eat a T-Rex and have the Alien Queen for dessert."
Viperwolf (Nantang in Na'vi language) is a hexapodal nocturnal carnivore. Cameron described the Viperwolves, "[They are] hairless with shiny skin that looks like overlapped armor. Most disturbing are its paws, which are like leathery hands."
Helicoradian is a carnivorous plant that has red spiral-leaves. The plants are up to 3-4m tall and, when touched, they curl and collapse into themselves instantly.
Obesus rotundus is a tree that looks like a puffball tree.
Pseudocycas altissima is a plant that looks like a tall Earth cycad.
The Hometrees (Kelutrel in Na'vi language) are great enough to house hundreds of clan members. The trees are honeycombed with natural hollows and alcoves in which the Na'vi sleep, eat, weave, dance, and celebrate their connection to Eywa. Adult Hometrees are more than 150 meters tall, roughly thirty meters in diameter.
The Omaticaya inhabit a Giant Hometree, standing roughly 460 meters tall. A distinguishable feature of the movie landscape, the tree itself is central to the movie story arc. Like many sacred sites on Pandora, the Giant Hometree sits above a large deposit of unobtanium. It is destroyed by the humans using rockets, which leads to the Na'vi clans' alliance against the humans.
The Tree of Souls (Vitraya Ramunon in Na'vi language) is a tree where the Na'vi are able to communicate with the biological network that exists throughout Pandora.  Cameron described the Tree of Souls as "a big input-output station" and was inspired to design it by bioluminescence that he encountered during night diving.
The Tree of Voices (Utraya Mokri in Na'vi language) is the most important tree to the Na'vi after the Tree of Souls. It is smaller but its appearance is similar and it too is illuminated. Neytiri tells Jake that it allows the Na'vi to hear the voices of their ancestors. It is destroyed in the bulldozer attack by the humans.
Woodsprites (Atokirina in Na'vi language) are seeds of the "holy tree", appearing similar to airborne jellyfish.
Various plants and trees that look like Earth's ferns, palm trees and grasses.
References

Related pages
Na'vi language

Fictional universes
Science fiction
The Na'vi are a fictional indigenous species that live on the fictional world of Pandora in the movie Avatar. They look like humans. They have two eyes, ears, arms, and legs. They also have a nose, a mouth, and expressions that are similar to humans. The Na'vi are different because they have blue skin, pointed ears, huge eyes, and tails.  They are also taller than humans. They have a smaller body frame. At the beginning, the Na'vi were meant to be more alien in their looks. Director James Cameron said that in the first drawing of the main character, "Neytiri", she had fins, gills, and cat-like features. The species was changed to look more like humans. This was so audiences could relate (feel closer and empathise) to them better. Cameron said that Avatar was more "science fantasy" than true science fiction. He said that he would explain in the novel why the Na'vi look like humans.