Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
From 2001 
 2001 – Carlo Giuliani, Italian anti-globalist demonstrator (b. 1978)
 2003 – Nicolas Freeling, English writer (b. 1927)
 2004 – Adi Lady Lala Mara, Fiji chieftainess, wife of Kamisese Mara (b. 1931)
 2004 - Antonio Gades, Spanish dancer and choreographer (b. 1936)
 2005 – James Doohan, Canadian-born actor (b. 1920)
 2005 – Charles Chibitty, World War II Comanche code talker (b. 1921)
 2005 – Finn Gustavsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1926)
 2005 – Kayo Hatta, American movie director (b. 1958)
 2005 – Alfred Hayes, British-born wrestling announcer (b. 1928)
 2007 - Tammy Faye Messner, American televangelist (b. 1942)
 2010 - Benedikt Gröndal, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1924)
 2011 – Lucian Freud, German-born British painter (b. 1922)
 2013 - Helen Thomas, American journalist (b. 1920)
 2014 - Kadhal Dhandapani, Indian actor (b. 1943)
 2014 - Victor G. Atiyeh, American politician, 32nd Governor of Oregon (b. 1923)
 2014 - Klaus Schmidt, German archaeologist (b. 1953)
2014 - Kadhal Dhandapani, Indian actor (b. 1943)
 2014 - Panna Rittikrai, Thai martial arts choreographer, actor and director (b. 1961)
 2015 - Dieter Moebius, Swiss-German electronic musician (b. 1944)
 2016 - Radu Beligan, Romanian actor, director and essayist (b. 1918)
 2016 - Dimitri, Swiss clown (b. 1935)
 2016 - Mohammed Shahid, Indian field hockey player (b. 1960)
 2016 - Pavel Sheremet, Belarusian journalist (b. 1971)
 2017 - Marco Aurélio Garcia, Brazilian politician (b. 1941)
 2017 - Chester Bennington, American singer and musician (Linkin Park) (b. 1976)
 2017 - Bernhard Kempa, German handball player and coach (b. 1920)
 2017 - Kenneth Jay Lane, American costume jewellery designer (b. 1932)
 2017 - John McCluskey, Baron McCluskey, Scottish lawyer, judge and life peer (b. 1929)
 2017 - Claude Rich, French actor (b. 1929)
 2017 - Jonathan Shurberg, American attorney and politician (b. 1963)
 2017 - Jadwiga Szubartowicz, Polish supercentenarian (b. 1905)
2017 - Pudsey, Border Collie performing dog (b. 2005)
 2018 - Thaddeus Radzilowski, Polish-American historian and writer (b. 1938)
 2018 - Christoph Westerthaler, Austrian footballer (b. 1965)
 2018 - Mitsuo Matayoshi, Japanese political activist (b. 1944)
 2019 - Sheila Dikshit, Indian politician (b. 1938)
 2019 - Ilaria Occhini, Italian actress (b. 1934)
 2019 - Peter McNamara, Australian tennis player (b. 1955)
Observances 
 Independence Day in Colombia
 Friend's Day in Argentina
 Engineer's Day (Costa Rica)
 International Chess Day

Additional information 
 In 2007, the date of July 20 could have been written as 20072007, although in the US it was mostly written as 07202007.

Days of the year
A steering wheel is a circular object used by the driver of a car or boat to change the direction it is moving. 

The earliest known use of a steering wheel can be traced back to 1894 when Alfred Vacheron used one on his custom four-horsepower Panhard to participate in the Paris-Rouen race. That race in France in 1894 is one of the earliest known instances of a wheel-shaped device being used to steer a car. 

In 1898 the French manufacturer introduced a steering wheel in all its models. Other manufacturers followed suit – and the steering wheel became a set part of automotive design. Early on, carmakers also began installing bulb horns on steering wheels, for as traffic increased, it became necessary to warn other drivers as well as pedestrians and cyclists.
For about two decades thereafter, steering wheels were incredibly simple: wooden circles directly connected to the wheel axis. They served no other task and could be extremely hard to turn, especially at low speeds or when stationary. Though power steering patents were circulating as early as the steering wheel itself, it was quite a long time before these systems were used. In the 1920s, an engineer named Francis W. Davis wanted to make truck driving a little easier and invented the first power steering system to be fitted into a vehicle, which was inspired by earlier work on power steering systems used in ships. 

In the 1950s it became popular to line steering wheels with real or artificial leather, which gave drivers a better grip.

References 

Auto parts
The German Democratic Republic (GDR) ( (DDR)), commonly called East Germany (), was founded on 7 October 1949, after World War II in 1945 when Nazi Germany got defeated by the USSR . It was formed from part of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, including part of the city of Berlin. It is no longer a nation by itself since the two parts of Germany, East Germany and West Germany, reunified in 1990.

The GDR was ruled by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).

History 
After World War II, the four Allied Occupation Zones in Germany were each controlled by a different country. The countries that controlled these parts of Germany were France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. The French, American, and British parts of Germany formed West Germany (the Bundesrepublik). Part of the Soviet section became East Germany, and other parts became western Poland and small parts of other countries.
Walter Ulbricht, the head of the SED, also had a lot of power. Pieck died in 1960, and Ulbricht became "Chairman of the State Council". Now he was really the head of state.

On 13 August 1961, the Berlin Wall was built.  Many people were shot dead by East German soldiers when they tried to escape the GDR.  According to the SED this was to make it hard for American spies to use West Berlin as a place to work from, but it also made it hard for normal people to move between east and west.
After Mikhail Gorbachev had started glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union, many people in the GDR wanted reforms, too. In 1989, there were lots of demonstrations against the SED and for McDonalds and Nike. In the city of Leipzig, people met every Monday and demonstrated, and so these demonstrations are called Montagsdemonstrationen ("Monday Demonstrations"). Erich Honecker wished that the Soviets would use its army to suppress these demonstrations.  The Soviet Union, with its own political and economical problems, refused and did not want to help Eastern Europe anymore.  Honecker was eventually forced to resign on October 18, 1989.
Egon Krenz was elected by the politburo to be Honecker's successor. Krenz tried to show that he was looking for change within the GDR but the citizens did not trust him. On November 9, 1989, the SED announced that East Germans would be able to travel to West Berlin the next day. The spokesman who announced the new travel law incorrectly said that it would take effect immediately, implying the Berlin Wall would open that night. People began to gather at border checkpoints at the wall hoping to be let through, but the guards told them that they had no orders to let citizens through. As the number of people grew, the guards became alarmed and tried to contact their superiors but had no responses. Unwilling to use force, the chief guard at the checkpoint relented at 10:54pm and ordered the gate to be opened. Thousands of East-Germans swarmed into West Berlin and the purpose of the wall was deemed now obsolete. The fall of the wall destroyed the SED politically as well as the career of its leader, Egon Krenz
. On December 1, 1989, the GDR government revoked the law that guaranteed the SED the right to rule the East German political system, effectively ending communist rule in the GDR.
On 18 March 1990, there were free elections in the GDR. The "Alliance for Germany", a group of political parties who wanted to unify the GDR with West Germany, won that election. This process, when East Germany was taken over by the West, is known also the Wende in Germany.

In the German reunification, the GDR joined West Germany by approving its constitution in 1990. The East German districts were reorganised into the Länder (Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt and Thüringen) and joined West Germany, after which the GDR ceased to exist. Fidel Castro had long ago renamed the small Cuban island of Cayo Blanco del Sur and one of its beaches in honor of the GDR, which caused many to believe the GDR still existed, even though it remained part of Cuba.
Even though the western and the eastern part joined back together in 1990, people from former West Germany still call people from East Germany "Ossi". This comes from the German word "Osten" which means "East". Ossi is not always meant kindly.

After the reunification, many factories and other jobs closed and unemployment was high.  The new government was from the west and old symbols of East Germany were eliminated.  Many became angry over the changes and wanted East Germany to come back.  This is called "Ostalgie", which means "East nostalgia". Later, businesses began producing selling things similar to those of East Germany, such as processed food and automobiles.
Politics 
The leading role of the SED was written down in the constitution of the GDR. There were other parties in the GDR, which were called the Blockparteien ("block parties"), their job was mostly to cooperate with the SED:
 CDU (Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands; in English "Christian Democratic Union of Germany") – when Germany was reunified in 1990, this party merged with the West German party of the same name, CDU.
 LDPD (Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands; in English "Liberal Democratic Party of Germany") – in 1990, it was merged with the West German FDP
 NDPD (National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands; in English "National Democratic Party of Germany") – it was merged with the FDP, too, and has nothing to do with the NPD
 DBD (Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschland; in English "Democratic Farmer's Party of Germany") – it was merged with the CDU some months before the German reunification
The Ministry for State Security (in German: Ministerium für Staatssicherheit; often called "MfS" or "Stasi") was the East German secret police.  It searched for people who were against the state, the SED and their politics.  The MfS had many informants who told them when people said or did something against the state.  There was a big MfS prison in the town of Bautzen.

Foreign policy 
East Germany was a member of the Warsaw Pact.  The GDR was no longer protected by the USSR after Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev during his reforms in the late 1980s in what was known as the "Sinatra Doctrine".

Economy 
In the GDR, there was a planned economy. All big factories and companies were in property of the state (officially Volkseigentum, "people's property"). Only some small companies and shops were private property.

A famous relic of the GDR is the low-powered automobile "Trabant" or Trabi.
Sports 
Until 1964, East and West Germany took part in the Olympic Games with only one team for both states. Since 1968, East and West Germany had their own team each. 

East German sportspeople were very successful, for example in athletics, cycling, boxing or some winter sports. Famous sportspeople from East Germany were Täve Schur (cycling), Waldemar Cierpinski (athletics), Heike Drechsler (athletics), Olaf Ludwig (cycling), Katarina Witt (ice skating) or Jens Weißflog (ski jumping). 

A famous cycling race was the Peace Race (in German: Friedensfahrt).

The East German national football team was not so successful. They were only in one FIFA World Cup. This was the 1974 FIFA World Cup, which took place in West Germany. On 22 June 1974, East Germany played against West Germany. Jürgen Sparwasser shot a goal and East Germany won 1-0.
Athletes
 Uwe Ampler, racing bicyclist
 Karin Büttner-Janz, gymnast
 Ernst Degner, racing motorcyclist
 Thomas Doll, footballer
 Heike Drechsler, athlete
 Mikhail Grabovski, hockey player 
 Marita Koch, athlete
 Olaf Ludwig, racing bicyclist
 Uwe Raab, racing bicyclist
 Jürgen Sparwasser, footballer
 Jens Weissflog, skier
 Katarina Witt, ice skater

Holidays

References

1990 disestablishments in Germany
1949 establishments in Germany
 
Former socialist republics
Former dictatorships
States and territories disestablished in the 1990s
States and territories established in the 1940s
Netball is a sport played in two teams of seven. It is like basketball except that bouncing the ball is not allowed. The player cannot step with the ball either, nor hold it for more than three seconds. The game proceeds by players throwing (passing) the ball to each other until one attempts to throw it through the hoop, known as a "shot". 

There are 7 fixed positions on the court, which restrict the places where each player is allowed to go:
 C - Centre
 WA - Wing attack
 WD - Wing defence
 GD - Goal defence
 GK - Goal keeper
 GS - Goal shooter
 GA - Goal attack
There are many rules in netball some of which are these:
 If a shooter attempts to shoot the ball but misses the hoop without it touching, then the shooter must wait until another player touches the ball first or until the ball bounces before she can touch the ball again.
 A player can only hold the ball for three seconds - held ball
 No stepping with the ball - stepping
 When defending, a player must be 3 feet from the player with the ball - otherwise it is called obstruction
 A player may not bounce the ball to herself - replay
 A player may not contact another player - contact
 A player may not enter a part of the court where her position is not allowed - offside
 When shooting or defending, a player may not use the pole as support - free pass to the other teams.
No player is allowed to shoot from outside the semi circle or pass over a third.
Playing court 
A netball court is 30.5m long and 15.25m wide. The longer sides are called the side lines and the shorter sides the goal lines. The court is divided into three equal parts, a centre third and two goal thirds. These sections are marked by two transverse lines parallel to the goal lines. Each third measures 10.167m wide.

The goal circle is a semi‑circle 4.9m in radius and its centre is the midpoint of the goal line. The centre circle is 0.9m in diameter and is marked in the centre of the court.

All lines are part of the court and  50mm wide, preferably white. It is recommended that they are a textured, water‑based acrylic, straight and have clean, crisp edges.
The atomic number (symbol: Z) of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. The atomic number of an atom identifies which element it is. In a neutral atom, the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus. The elements of the periodic table are listed in order of increasing atomic number.

Atomic number is not the same as:  
 atomic mass (symbol: ma), which is the mass of a single atom, commonly expressed in unified atomic mass units  
 mass number (symbol: A), which is the sum of the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom  
 relative atomic mass (also called atomic weight; symbol: Ar), which is the ratio of the average mass per atom of an element from a given sample to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
The atomic number of the periodic table directly corresponds to the number of protons which is in the atom. Once another proton is added, it is no longer the same element. The same cannot be applied to when another neutron or another electron is added. Adding more electrons will give the atom a negative charge and removing electrons will give the atom a positive charge. Metals tend to lose electrons, which creates a positive charge. Non-metals tend to gain electrons, forming a negative charge. Electrons are the foundation for determining how compounds are formed among atoms.

Adding or removing neutrons within an atom changes its isotope. As an example, carbon-12 is the most stable isotope for a carbon atom. However, we can add two more neutrons and carbon-12 is now carbon-14, a less stable isotope of carbon. The number of an isotope directly correlates to the atomic mass of an element.  The amount of neutrons in any given atom by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.
For example, oxygen has 8 protons. The atomic number is the number of protons an element has.  So, if an unidentified element has 8 protons, then it is oxygen. This is because each element has a certain number of protons.  If an element had 9 protons, it would not be oxygen, but an element can have 8 protons, and 9 neutrons and still be considered oxygen; we call this an isotope.

References

Related pages 
Henry Moseley

Chemistry
Nuclear physics
In most years, this is the date of the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere, as the day with the most daylight hours. In the southern hemisphere, this is the winter solstice, with the least daylight hours.

Events
Up to 1925 
 524 – Battle of Vezerone: Burgundy triumphs over the French.
 1529 - French forces are driven out of Northern Italy by Spain in the Battle of Landriano.
 1621 - 27 Czech noblemen are executed in the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
 1665 – First soldiers of Le Régiment de Carignan-Salières arrive at Quebec to invade Iroquois territories.
 1734 – In Montreal in New France (today primarily Quebec), a black slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique, was tortured then hanged by the French authorities in a public ceremony that involved her disgrace and the amputation of a hand.
 1749 – Halifax Nova Scotia founded.
 1767 – English captain Samuel Wallis reaches the island of Tahiti.
 1788 – New Hampshire ratifies the Constitution and is thus admitted as the 9th state in the United States.
 1791 - King Louis XVI of France and members of his close family attempt to flee Paris.
1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: British Army defeats Irish rebels at Battle of Vinegar Hill
 1813 – Peninsular War: Battle of Vitoria
 1813 – Laura Secord sets out to warn British forces of impending American attack at Queenston Ontario.
 1824 – Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea.
 1859 – Franco-Austrian War: Battle of Solférino is fought. Witnessed by Henri Dunant, the results were the Geneva Conventions and the Red Cross.
 1864 – Maori Wars: The Tauranga Campaign ends.
 1877 – The Molly Maguires, ten Irish immigrants who were labour activists, are hanged in the Carbon County, Pennsylvania Prison.
 1887 – Queen Victoria's golden jubilee
 1898 – Guam becomes U.S. Territory.
 1908 - The Women's Social and Political Union holds a demonstration in London for a woman's right to vote. Over 250,000 women take part.
1915 – The U.S. Supreme Court hands down decision in Guinn v. United States 238 US 347 1915, striking down an Oklahoma law denying the right to vote to some citizens.
 1919 – Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during Winnipeg General Strike.
 1919 – Admiral Ludvig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed were the last casualties of World War I.
1926  2000 
 1930 - One-year conscription begins in France.
 1939 – The New York Yankees announce Lou Gehrig's retirement.
 1940 – World War II: France surrenders to Germany.
 1940 – First successful west to east navigation of Northwest Passage begins at Vancouver, British Columbia.
 1942 – World War II: Tobruk falls to German forces.
 1942 – World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon, firing 17 shells at nearby Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by the Japanese against USA mainland.
 1945 – World War II: Battle of Okinawa ends.
 1947 – A Seaman named Harold Dahl claims to have seen six UFOs near Maury Island. The next morning Dahl reported the first modern MIB encounter.
 1948 - The Manchester small-scale Experimental Machine, the first stored-program computer, runs its first computer program.
 1957 – Ellen Louks Fairclough sworn in as Canada's first woman Cabinet Minister
 1963 - Pope Paul VI is elected.
1964 – Three civil rights workers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Mickey Schwerner are murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
 1965 – Folk rock band The Byrds release their highly influential debut album Mr. Tambourine Man.
 1973 – In handing down the decision in Miller v. California 413 US 15, the Supreme Court of the United States establishes the Miller Test, which now governs obscenity in U.S. law.
 1982 – John Hinckley is found not guilty by reason of insanity for the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan.
 1982 – Fête de la Musique street music festival inaugurated in France by Jack Lang.
 1989 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Texas v. Johnson that flag burning is protected speech under the United States Constitution.
 1998 – French police officer Daniel Nivel is beaten by German hooligans at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. He survives the attack, but is left permanently brain damaged.
From 2001 
 2003 – Deputy Justice Fazel Ahmed Manawi of the Afghan Supreme Court announces that Aftab editor Sayed Madawi and his deputy Ali Payam Sestani will be tried for "libelling Islam"
 2003 – Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the fifth book in J.K. Rowling's hugely popular Harry Potter series is published.
 2004 – SpaceShipOne becomes the first privately funded spaceplane to achieve spaceflight.
 2006 - Pluto's newly discovered moons are named Nix and Hydra.
 2009 – Greenland is allowed to make more decisions independently from Denmark.
 2013 - At 11am, Singapore's new PSI record was broken again, with a PSI of 400 in the "Hazardous" range. The newly minted record was broken soon after at 12pm, with the PSI remaining in the "Hazardous" range with a reading of 401.
2014 - 2014 FIFA World Cup: Two World Cup scoring records are equaled in the 2-2 draw between Germany and Ghana. Asamoah Gyan of Ghana equals Roger Milla's African record of five, and Miroslav Klose of Germany equals Ronaldo's overall all-time record of fifteen.
 2019 - The 2019 Africa Cup of Nations football tournament starts.
Up to 1800 
 1002 - Pope Leo IX (d. 1054)
 1226 - Boleslaus V of Poland (d. 1279)
 1528 - Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1603)
 1535 - Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (d. 1596)
 1639 - Increase Mather, American minister and writer (d. 1723)
 1646 - Maria Francisca of Savoy, Queen of Portugal (d. 1683)
 1676 – Anthony Collins, English philosopher (d. 1729)
 1710 - James Short, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)
 1730 - Motoori Norinaga, Japanese scholar (d. 1801)
 1732 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German composer (d. 1791)
 1736 – Enoch Poor, American general (d. 1780)
 1750 - Pierre-Nicolas Beauvallet, French sculptor, draftsman and printmaker (d. 1818)
 1759 - Alexander J. Dallas, 6th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1817)
 1763 - Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, French statesman and philosopher (d. 1845)
 1774 – Daniel D. Tompkins, US Congressman, Governor of New York, and the sixth Vice President of the United States (d. 1825)
1781 - Simeon Denis Poisson, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1840)
 1788 - Princess Augusta of Bavaria (d. 1850)
 1791 - Robert Napier, Scottish engineer (d. 1876)
1801  1900 
 1811 – Carlo Matteucci, Italian composer (d. 1868)
 1818 - Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1893)
 1823 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (d. 1873)
 1826 – Georg von Neumayer, German scientist and polar explorer (d. 1909)
 1831 - Duke Ludwig Wilhelm of Bavaria (d. 1920)
 1839 – Machado de Assis, Brazilian writer (d. 1908)
 1850 - Daniel Carter Beard, American illustrator and writer (d. 1941)
 1850 - Enrico Cecchetti, Italian ballet dancer (d. 1928)
 1856 - Friedrich Kluge, German philologist (d. 1926)
 1862 – Damrong Rajanubhab, Thai prince, administrator and historian (d. 1943)
 1863 – Albert Sauveur, metallurgist (one of the founders of physical metallurgy)
 1863 – Max Wolf, German astronomer (d. 1932)
 1870 – Clara Immerwahr, German chemist (d. 1915)
 1882 - Rockwell Kent, American painter, printmaker, illustrator and writer (d. 1971)
 1883 - Feodor Gladkov, Russian writer (d. 1958)
 1883 – Lluís Companys i Jover, President of Catalonia (d. 1940)
1884 – Claude Auchinleck, British Field Marshal (d. 1981)
 1887 – Norman L. Bowen, petrologist (d. 1956)
 1889 – Ralph Craig, American athlete (d. 1972)
 1890 - Frank S. Land, American businessman (d. 1959)
 1891 – Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian architect (d. 1979)
 1891 – Hermann Scherchen, German conductor (d. 1966)
 1892 – Reinhold Niebuhr, German-American Protestant theologian (d. 1971)
 1893 – Alois Hába, Czech composer (d. 1973)
 1896 – Charles B. Momsen, American inventor (d. 1967)
 1899 - Pavel Haas, Czech composer (d. 1944)
1901  1925 
 1903 - Hermann Engelhard, German athlete (d. 1984)
 1903 – Al Hirschfeld, American cartoonist (d. 2003)
 1905 – Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and playwright, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1964 (he decided not to accept it) (d. 1980)
 1905 - Jacques Goddet, French sports journalist (d. 2000)
 1910 - Aleksandr Tvardovsky, Soviet poet (d. 1971)
 1911 – Ralph Wendell Burhoe, theologian and scientist, first American to win the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion
 1911 - Karl Silberbauer, Austrian SS officer (d. 1972)
 1912 – Mary McCarthy, American writer (d. 1989)
 1912 - Marga Spiegel, German writer (d. 2014)
 1912 - Kazimierz Leski, Polish pilot and engineer (d. 2000)
 1914 – William Vickrey, Canadian economist, receives the Nobel Prize in Economics (d. 1996)
 1918 - Eddie Lopat, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1992)
 1918 - Robert Roosa, American economist and banker (d. 1993)
 1918 - Tibor Szele, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1955)
1919 – Gower Champion, dancer and choreographer (d. 1980)
 1919 – Gérard Pelletier, French journalist, politician and diplomat (d. 1997)
 1919 – Vladimir Simagin, Chess International Grandmaster & Master, International Correspondence Chess Master, trainer
 1919 - Paolo Soleri, Italian architect (d. 2013)
 1920 - Ron Lewin, English footballer (d. 1985)
 1920 - Hans Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater (d. 2017)
 1921 – Helmut Heissenbüttel, German avant-garde novelist and poet (d. 1996)
 1921 – Judy Holliday, American actress (d. 1965)
 1921 – Jane Russell, American actress (d. 2011)
 1921 - István Zsolt, Hungarian football referee (d. 1991)
 1922 - Heino Lipp, Estonian decathlete, shot putter and discus thrower (d. 2006)
 1924 - Marga Lopez, Mexican-Argentine actress (d. 2005)
 1925 - Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas, President of Bolivia (d. 2005)
 1925 – Maureen Stapleton, American actress (d. 2006)
 1925 – Giovanni Spadolini, Italian politician (d. 1994)
1926  1950 
 1926 - Johanna Quandt, German businesswoman (d. 2015)
 1927 – Carl Stokes, American politician, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (d. 1996)
 1928 - Per Lillo-Stenberg, Norwegian actor (d. 2014)
 1929 - Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer and actor (d. 1977)
 1930 - Gerald Kaufman, English politician (d. 2017)
 1931 - Margaret Heckler, American politician (d. 2018)
 1932 - Bernard Ingham, English journalist and civil servant
 1932 - Lalo Schifrin, Argentine pianist, composer and conductor
 1934 – Wulf Kirsten, German writer and recipient of the 1989 Heinrich Mann Prize
 1934 - Ken Matthews, British race-walker (d. 2019)
 1935 – Françoise Sagan, French writer (d. 2004)
 1938 - Ron Ely, American actor
 1938 - Michael M. Richter, German mathematician and computer scientist
 1939 – Ruben Berrios, Puerto Rican politician
 1939 - Ken Catchpole, Australian rugby player (d. 2017)
 1941 - Liz Mohn, German media proprietor
 1941 - Valeri Zolotukhin, Russian actor (d. 2013)
1943 – Salomé, Spanish singer and Eurovision Song Contest winner
 1943 - Beat Fehr, Swiss racing driver (d. 1967)
 1944 - Tony Scott, British director and producer (d. 2012)
 1944 – Ray Davies, English musician (The Kinks)
 1944 - Jon Hiseman, English drummer (d. 2018)
 1944 - Corinna Tsopei, Greek model and actress
 1945 - Adam Zagajewski, Polish philosopher and poet
 1946 - Piotr Domaradzki, Polish-American journalist and historian (d. 2015)
 1946 – Brenda Holloway, American musician
 1946 - Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi, Iraqi-British businessman
 1946 - Kate Hoey, British politician
 1946 - Malcolm Rifkind, British politician
 1947 – Meredith Baxter, American actress
 1947 – Shirin Ebadi, Iranian jurist, activist and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize
 1947 - Michael Gross, American actor
 1947 - Joey Molland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1947 - Fernando Savater, Spanish philosopher and writer
 1948 – Ian McEwan, British writer
1948 – Lionel Rose, first aboriginal boxer to win a world title (in 1968) (d. 2011)
 1948 – Andrzej Sapkowski, Polish fantasy writer
 1949 - Stephen Hunter Flick, American sound editor
 1950 – Anne Carson, poet
 1950 – Joey Kramer, American musician (Aerosmith)
 1950 – Vasilis Papakonstantinou, Greek singer
1951  1975 
 1951 – Nils Lofgren, American musician
 1951 - Jim Douglas, 80th Governor of Vermont
 1952 - Koichi Mashimo, Japanese director
 1953 – Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (twice), first female Muslim head of government (d. 2007)
 1954 – Robert Menasse, Austrian writer
 1954 - Anne Kirkbride, English actress (Coronation Street) (d. 2015)
 1955 – Tim Bray, computer programmer
 1955 – Michel Platini, French footballer
 1957 - Luis Antonio Tagle, Filipino cardinal
 1959 - Tom Chambers, American basketball player
 1959 – Marcella Detroit, singer, musician and songwriter (Shakespear's Sister)
 1959 - Nimr al-Nimr, Saudi cleric (d. 2016)
 1960 - Kate Brown, American politician, 38th Governor of Oregon
 1961 - Manu Chao, French singer and guitarist
 1961 - Karen Barber, British ice dancer
 1961 - Joko Widodo, 7th President of Indonesia
 1962 – Viktor Tsoi, Russian musician
 1963 - Dario Marianelli, Italian composer
 1964 – David Morrissey, British actor
1964 – Doug Savant, American actor (Melrose Place, Desperate Housewives)
 1965 - Yang Liwei, Chinese astronaut
 1965 - Lana Wachowski, American movie director, screenwriter and producer
 1966 – Rudi Bakhtiar, journalist
 1966 - Sergey Grishin, Russian businessman and billionaire
 1967 - Pierre Omidyar, French-American businessman, co-founded eBay
 1967 - Yingluck Shinawatra, former Prime Minister of Thailand
 1968 – Chris Gueffroy, last person to be shot at the Berlin Wall (d. 1989)
 1971 - Anette Olzon, Swedish singer
 1971 - Keith Loneker, American football player and actor (d. 2017)
 1973 – Juliette Lewis, American actress
 1974 - Flavio Roma, Italian footballer
From 1976 
 1976 – René Aufhauser, Austrian footballer
 1976 – Miroslav Karhan, Slovakian footballer
 1978 - Erica Durance, Canadian actress
 1978 - Jean-Pascal Lacoste, French singer and actor
 1979 – Kostas Katsouranis, Greek footballer
 1979 – Chris Pratt, American actor
 1981 – Brandon Flowers, American singer/keyboardist (The Killers)
 1982 – Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, second-in-line to the British throne
 1982 - Jussie Smollett, American actor
 1983 - Edward Snowden, American intelligence contractor, activist and academic
 1983 - Nadia López, Mexican singer
 1985 – Kris Allen, American singer/American Idol Winner
 1985 - Lana Del Rey, American singer
 1986 - Hideaki Wakui, Japanese baseball player
 1986 - Cheick Tioté, Ivorian footballer (d. 2017)
 1987 – Sebastian Prödl, Austrian footballer
 1987 - Pablo Barrera, Mexican footballer
 1987 - Kim Ryeowook, South Korean singer, songwriter and actor
 1988 - Alejandro Ramírez, Costa Rican chess player
1988 - Alyssa DeHaan, American basketball and volleyball player
 1988 - Thaddeus Young, American basketball player
 1989 - Abubakar Kaki Khamis, Sudanese track-and-field athlete
 1990 - Knowledge Musona, Zimbabwean footballer
 1991 - Gaël Kakuta, French footballer
 1992 - Carly Booth, Scottish golfer
 1992 - Max Schneider, American actor, dancer, model and singer
 1994 - Chisato Okai, Japanese singer and actress
 1997 – Rebecca Black, American pop singer, became famous on YouTube
 1998 - Isabel Atkin, English freestyle skier
 2001 – Aleksandra Obolentseva, Russian chess player
 2001 - Eleanor Worthington Cox, English actress
 2011 - Lil Bub, American celebrity cat
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 223 - Liu Rei, Chinese Emperor (b. 161)
 1040 - Fulk III, Count of Anjou (b. 972)
 1206 - Enrico Dandolo, 42nd Doge of Venice (b. 1107)
 1208 - Philip of Swabia (b. 1177)
 1305 – Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Poland (b. 1271)
 1377 – King Edward III of England (b. 1312)
 1521 - Leonardo Loredan, 76th Doge of Venice (b. 1436)
 1547 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian political philosopher (b. 1469)
 1582 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese shogun (b. 1534)
 1591 - Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (b. 1568)
 1621 - Louis III, Cardinal of Guise (b. 1575)
 1621 - Krystof Harant, Czech soldier, writer and composer (b. 1564)
 1652 – Inigo Jones, English architect (b. 1573)
 1661 - Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter (b. 1599)
 1874 - Anders Jonas Angstrom, Swedish physicist (b. 1814)
 1876 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican President and military figure (b. 1794)
 1893 - Leland Stanford, 8th Governor of California (b. 1824)
1901  2000 
 1908 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (b. 1844)
 1914 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian pacifist and first female winner of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
 1917 – Matthias Zurbriggen, Swiss mountain climber (b. 1856)
 1921 - Murphy J. Foster, Governor of Louisiana (b. 1849)
 1951 - Charles Dillon-Perrine, American astronomer (b. 1867)
 1952 - Wop May, Canadian pilot and captain (b. 1896)
 1954 - Gideon Sundback, Swedish engineer and inventor of the zipper (b. 1880)
 1957 – Johannes Stark, German physicist (b. 1874)
 1964 – James Chaney, American Civil Rights activist (b. 1943)
 1964 – Andrew Goodman, American Civil Rights activist (b. 1943)
 1964 – Michael Schwerner, American Civil Rights activist (b. 1939)
 1969 – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (b. 1934)
 1970 – Sukarno, first President of Indonesia (b. 1901)
 1970 - Piers Courage, English racing driver (b. 1942)
 1979 - Angus MacLise, American drummer and songwriter (b. 1938)
1985 – Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1901)
 1992 – Li Xiannian, President of the People's Republic of China (b. 1909)
 1993 – Ticho Parly, Danish tenor (b. 1928)
 1997 - Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor, singer,  director and producer (b. 1931)
 1998 - Anastasio Ballestero, Italian cardinal (b. 1913)
 2000 – Alan Hovhanness, American composer (b. 1911)
From 2001 
 2001 - John Lee Hooker, American blues musician (b. 1916)
 2003 – Leon Uris, American writer (b. 1924)
 2005 - Jaime Sin, Archbishop of Manila (b. 1928)
 2007 - Georg Danzer, Austrian singer (b. 1946)
 2008 – Kermit Love, American puppeteer (b. 1916)
 2010 – Stanley Lucas, British supercentenarian (b. 1900)
 2011 – Maria Gomes Valentim, Brazilian supercentenarian (b. 1896)
 2012 - Ramaz Shengelia, Soviet-Georgian footballer (b. 1957)
 2012 - Anna Schwartz, American economist and writer (b. 1915)
 2014 - Yozo Ishikawa, Japanese politician (b. 1925)
 2014 - Walter Kieber, 7th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (b. 1931)
 2014 - Jimmy C. Newman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1927)
 2015 - Veijo Meri, Finnish writer (b. 1928)
 2015 - Gunther Schuller, American conductor, composer and musician (b. 1925)
 2015 - Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski, German politician (b. 1932)
 2016 - Kunio Hatoyama, Japanese politician (b. 1948)
2016 - Henk Hofland, Dutch journalist, columnist and writer (b. 1927)
 2016 - Al Howie, Scottish-Canadian long-distance runner (b. 1945)
 2017 - Jean-Pierre Kahane, French mathematician (b. 1926)
 2017 - Steffi Martin, German luger (b. 1962)
 2017 - Con Sciacca, Italian-Australian politician (b. 1947)
 2017 - Robert M. Shoemaker, American military officer (b. 1924)
 2017 - Brian Street, British anthropologist (b. 1943)
 2018 - Katriina Elovirta, Finnish footballer and referee (b. 1961)
 2018 - Charles Krauthammer, American political commentator, columnist and writer (b. 1950)
 2018 - Armando Merodio, Spanish footballer (b. 1935)
 2018 - Laurence Street, Australian judge (b. 1926)
 2018 - Grigory Barenblatt, Russian mathematician (b. 1927)
 2018 - Jamsheed Marker, Pakistani politician (b. 1922)
 2019 - Demetris Christofias, 6th President of Cyprus (b. 1946)
 2019 - Bubba Green, American football player (b. 1957)
 2019 - Jan Meyers, American politician (b. 1928)
Observances 
 Saint Aloysius Gonzaga
 Summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, day with the most daylight hours
 Winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, day with the fewest daylight hours
 National Aboriginal Day (Canada)
 National Day (Greenland)
 World Humanist Day (International Humanist and Ethical Union)
 Statehood Day (New Hampshire)

References 

Days of the year
1920 was a leap year starting on Thursday in the Gregorian calendar.  It was the first year of the 1920s.

Events 
 The King of Spain blesses the Real Madrid football team.
 August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Births

January 

 January 2 – Isaac Asimov, Russian-born American science fiction writer (d. 1992)
 January 5 - Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Italian pianist (d. 1995)
 January 6 – John Maynard Smith, British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist (d. 2004)
 January 9 - Clive Dunn, British actor, comedian, and singer (d. 2012)
 January 19 - Roberto M. Levingston, 36th President of Argentina (d. 2015)
 January 19 – Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 2020)
 January 20 – Federico Fellini, Italian movie director (d. 1993)
 January 20 – DeForest Kelley, American actor (d. 1999)
 January 22 – Alf Ramsey, English football manager (d. 1999)
 January 23 – Gottfried Böhm, German architect and sculptor (d. 2021)
February 

 February 11 – King Farouk of Egypt (d. 1965)
 February 26 – Tony Randall, American actor (d. 2004)
 February 29 – Michèle Morgan, French actress (d. 2016)

March 

 March 11 – Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch-born American physicist (d. 2017)
 March 17 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (d. 1975)

April 

 April 1 – Toshiro Mifune, Japanese actor (d. 1997)
 April 5 – Chatichai Choonhavan, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1998)
 April 6 – Edmond H. Fischer, American biochemist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2021)
 April 11 - Emilio Colombo, 40th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2013)
 April 13 – Liam Cosgrave, Taoiseach (d. 2017)
 April 15 – Richard von Weizsäcker, former President of Germany (d. 2015)

May 

 May 18 – Pope John Paul II (d. 2005)
 May 26 – Peggy Lee, American singer and actress (d. 2002)

June
June 

 June 10 – Ruth Graham, American poet, wife of Billy Graham (d. 2007)
 June 11 – King Mahendra of Nepal (d. 1972)
 June 16 – José López Portillo, 51st President of Mexico (d. 2004)
 June 18 – Mario Beccaria, Italian politician (d. 2003)

July 

 July 11 – Yul Brynner, Russian-American actor (d. 1985)
 July 17 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, 7th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 2010)
 July 25 – Rosalind Franklin, British chemist, biophysicist, and X-ray crystallographer (d. 1958)

August 

 August 17 – Maureen O'Hara, Irish-American film actress and singer (d. 2015)
 August 18 - Shelley Winters, American actress (d. 2006)
 August 22 – Ray Bradbury, American writer (d. 2012)
 August 26 – Prem Tinsulanonda, Thai politician, 16th Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2019)

September 

 September 23 - Mickey Rooney, American actor (d. 2014)

October
October 

 October 1 – Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
 October 17 – Montgomery Clift, American actor (d. 1966)
 October 22 – Timothy Leary, American psychologist (d. 1996)
 October 31 – Melina Mercouri, Greek singer, actress and politician (d. 1994)

November 

 November 8 – Esther Rolle, American actress, known for role in Good Times and Maude (d.1998)
 November 19 – Gene Tierney, American actress (d. 1991)
 November 21 - Stan Musial, American baseball player (d. 2013)

December 

 December 9 – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 10th President of Italy (d. 2016)
 December 13 – Kaysone Phomvihane, President of Laos (d. 1992)
Deaths 
 January 2 – Paul Adam, French writer (b. 1862)
 January 3 – Zygmunt Janiszewski, Polish mathematician (b. 1888)
 January 4 – Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish novelist (b. 1843)
 January 6 – Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen, Danish mathematician (b. 1839)
 January 7 – Edmund Barton, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1849)
 January 18 – Giovanni Capurro, Italian poet (b. 1825)
 January 24 – William Percy French, Irish songwriter and entertainer (b. 1854)
 January 24 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (tuberculosis) (b. 1884)
 January 24 – William Plunket, 5th Baron Plunket, British diplomat and administrator (b. 1864)
 January 26 – Jeanne Hébuterne, French artist, model, and common-law wife of Amedeo Modigliani (suicide) (b. 1898)
 February 2 – Field E. Kindley, American World War I aviator (b. 1896)
 February 3 – Frank Brown, Governor of Maryland (b. 1846)
 February 6 – Augustus F. Goodridge, Canadian merchant and politician (b. 1839)
February 7 – Aleksandr Kolchak, Russian naval commander (b. 1874)
 February 15 – Joseph Burton Sumner, founder of Sumner, Mississippi (b. 1837)
 February 20 – Joseph J. Fern, Mayor of Honolulu (b. 1872)
 February 20 – Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer (b. 1856)
 February 27 – William Sherman Jennings, Governor of Florida (b. 1863)
 March 1 – John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator from Alabama (b. 1842)
 March 1 – William A. Stone, Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1846)
 March 1 – Joseph Trumpeldor, Russian Zionist (b. 1880)
 March 4 – Roswell P. Bishop, U.S. Congressman from Michigan (b. 1843)
 March 11 – Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (b. 1865)
 March 13 – Charles Lapworth, English geologist (b. 1842)
 March 26 – William Chester Minor, American surgeon (b. 1834)
 March 26 – Mary Augusta Ward, Tasmanian novelist (b. 1851)
 March 31 – Paul Bachmann, German mathematician (b. 1837)
 March 31 – Edwin Warfield, Governor of Maryland (b. 1848)
 April 8 – John Brashear, American astronomer (b. 1840)
April 8 – Charles Tomlinson Griffes, American composer (b. 1884)
 April 9 – Moritz Cantor, German historian of mathematics (b. 1829)
 April 21 – Maria L. Sanford, American educator (b. 1836)
 April 26 – Srinivasa Ramanujan, Indian mathematician (b. 1887)
 May 1 – Princess Margaret of Connaught, Crown Princess of Sweden (b. 1882)
 May 9 – Agnes Macdonald, wife of John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1836)
 May 11 – James Colosimo, Italian-born gangster (b. 1877)
 May 11 – William Dean Howells, American writer (b. 1837)
 May 16 – Levi P. Morton, Vice President of the United States (b. 1824)
 May 21 – Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico (b. 1859)
 May 21 – Eleanor H. Porter, American novelist (b. 1868)
 May 23 – Svetozar Borojevic, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (b. 1856)
 May 30 – George Ernest Morrison, Australian adventurer (b. 1862)
 June 5 – Rhoda Broughton, Welsh writer (b. 1840)
 June 5 – Julia A. Moore, American poet (b. 1847)
 June 6 – James Dunsmuir, Canadian politician (b. 1851)
June 13 – Essad Pasha, Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1863)
 June 14 – Gabrielle Réjane, French actress (b. 1856)
 June 14 – Max Weber, German political economist (b. 1864)
 June 18 – Jewett W. Adams, Governor of Nevada (b. 1835)
 June 18 – John Macoun, Irish born naturalist (b. 1831)
 June 20 – Marie Adolphe Carnot, French chemist, mining engineer, and politician (b. 1839)
 June 20 – John Grigg, New Zealand astronomer (b. 1838)
 June 27 – Adolphe Basile Routhier, Canadian poet (b. 1839)
 July 1 – Delfim Moreira, President of Brazil (b. 1868)
 July 10 – John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841)
 July 11 – Empress Eugénie of France (b. 1826)
 July 14 – Albert Keller, German painter (b. 1844)
 July 22 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, American heir (b. 1849)
 August 1 – Frank Hanly, Governor of Indiana (b. 1863)
 August 1 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian nationalist (b. 1856)
 August 2 – Ormer Locklear, American pilot (b. 1891)
 August 9 – Samuel Griffith, Australian politician and judge (b. 1845)
August 10 – Adam Politzer, Austrian otologist (b. 1835)
 August 12 – Hermann Struve, Russian-born astronomer (b. 1854)
 August 16 – Henry Daglish, Premier of Australia (b. 1866)
 August 16 – Joseph Norman Lockyer, English astronomer (b. 1836)
 August 17 – Ray Chapman, baseball player (b. 1891)
 August 22 – Anders Zorn, Swedish painter (b. 1860)
 August 26 – James Wilson, Scottish-born American politician (b. 1835)
 August 31 – Wilhelm Wundt, German physiologist and psychologist (b. 1832)
 September 7 – Simon-Napoléon Parent, Premier of Quebec (b. 1855)
 September 10 – Olive Thomas, American actress (b. 1894)
 September 18 – Robert Beaven, Canadian politician (b. 1836)
 September 24 – Peter Carl Fabergé, Russian jeweler (b. 1846)
 September 25 – Jacob Schiff, German-born banker and philanthropist (b. 1847)
 September 30 – William Wilfred Sullivan, Canadian journalist, politician, and jurist (b. 1843)
 October 2 – Winthrop M. Crane, Governor of Massachusetts and Senator (b. 1853)
October 10 – Hudson Stuck, English mountaineer (b. 1865)
 October 19 – John Reed, American journalist (b. 1887)
 October 20 – Max Bruch, German composer (b. 1838)
 October 24 – Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia (b. 1853)
 November 4 – Ludwig Struve, Russian astronomer (b. 1858)
 November 13 – Luc-Olivier Merson, French painter and illustrator (b. 1846)
 November 23 – George Callaghan, British admiral (b. 1852)
 November 25 – Gaston Chevrolet, Swiss-born automobile race driver and manufacturer (b. 1892)
 November 30 – Eugene W. Chafin, American politician (b. 1852)
 December 3 – William de Wiveleslie Abney, English astronomer and photographer (b. 1843)
 December 11 – Olive Schreiner, South African writer (b. 1855)
 December 12 – Edward Gawler Prior, Canadian mining engineer and politician (b. 1854)
 December 14 – George Gipp, American football player (b. 1895)
Art, music, theatre, literature 
 The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari is released.
Cardinal numbers (or cardinals) are numbers that say how many of something there are, for example: one, two, three, four, five, six. They are sometimes called counting numbers.

The cardinality of a set is the cardinal number that tells us, roughly speaking, the size of the set.

In mathematics, people also study infinite cardinal numbers. The first infinite cardinal number was named  (pronounced "Aleph null", "Aleph-zero" or "Aleph-naught") by Georg Cantor.  is the number of numbers that are in the group 0, 1, 2, 3, ... (which goes on forever). Both the set of natural numbers and the set of rational numbers are of size  (that is, they are both countable).
Another infinite cardinal number is the number of numbers in the set of real numbers, and is represented by the symbol  (or , the cardinality of the continuum). Cantor proved that there are many different infinite cardinal numbers that are bigger than . A famous theorem of Cantor is that the cardinality of the real numbers is larger than the cardinality of the natural numbers. The continuum hypothesis is the statement that there is no middle cardinal number strictly between that of natural numbers and real numbers.

Related pages
Cardinal numeral
Ordinal number
Names for ordinal numbers

References 

Number theory
Events 
 January – State of emergency is lifted in Kenya – Mau Mau Rebellion is officially over
 January 1 – Independence of Cameroon
 January 9 – Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt
 January 14 – Ralph Chubb, the gay poet and printer, dies at Fair Oak Cottage in Hampshire.
 January 14 – Reserve bank and Commonwealth Bank created (a)
 January 23 – Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh in the bathyscaphe USS Trieste break a depth record when they descend to the bottom of Challenger Deep 35,820 feet (10,750 meters) below sea level in the Pacific Ocean
 January 24 – A major insurrection in Algiers against French colonial policy
 January 25 – The National Association of Broadcasters reacts to the Payola scandal by threatening fines for any disk jockeys who accepted money for playing particular records