Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Aldgate tube station is a London Underground station at Aldgate in the City of London.

The station is on the Circle Line between Tower Hill and Liverpool Street. It is also the eastern terminus of the Metropolitan line. It is in Travelcard Zone 1, and its ticket office is part-time only.

Platforms 1 and 4 at Aldgate are two of the only three platforms on the network to be served exclusively by the Circle Line (the other being Platform 2 at Gloucester Road). All other Circle Line platforms are shared by the District, Metropolitan and/or Hammersmith & City Lines.

In literature

Aldgate tube station is important in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans.
In the story, Cadogan West is found dead on the tracks near the station. We later know that the body was placed on top of the train before its arrival at the station.

Gallery

Related pages
List of London Underground stations

References
References 

Circle line stations
Metropolitan line stations
Tube stations in the City of London
Travelcard Zone 2 is the second most central zone of Transport for London's six (approximately concentric) zones system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal fares, and fares for London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys.  A flat fare applies for journeys entirely by bus or tram. 

London Underground
London Travelcard zone 2
Aldgate East is a London Underground station. It is between Aldgate and Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

The station is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is on the Hammersmith & City Line between Liverpool Street and Whitechapel, and the District Line between Tower Hill and Whitechapel.

Image gallery

Related pages
List of London Underground stations

References

Other websites 

 London's Abandoned Tube Stations - Aldgate East

District line stations
Hammersmith & City line stations
Railway stations in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
London Travelcard zone 1
All Saints DLR station is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in East London. It is named after the neaby All Saints, Poplar, a church dating from 1821-3. The station entrance is on the East India Dock Road, opposite Chrisp Street Market.

References 
 Listed as All Saints LRT station

Other websites 

 Docklands Light Railway website - All Saints station page
 Map of Poplar, 1885.
 Photograph of the platform at All Saints

London Travelcard zone 2
Docklands Light Railway stations
Railway stations in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Travelcard Zone 3 is the third-outward zone of Transport for London's zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated intermodal Travelcard fares within London. In the Travelcard zonal system, London is split into nine (approximately concentric) zones for the purpose of determining the cost of a Travelcard.  The zone is also used for pricing London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys, but not journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a city-wide flat fare applies. 

London Underground
Alperton is a London Underground station on the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly Line.  The station is between Sudbury Town and Park Royal. It is on Ealing Road (A4089 road) a short distance from the junction with Bridgewater Road (A4005) and is close to Alperton Bus Garage and the Paddington branch of the Grand Union Canal. The station is in Travelcard Zone 4.

Services
The typical off-peak service is a train in each direction every ten minutes. Half of northbound trains terminate at Rayners Lane and the other half continue to the terminus of the line at Uxbridge.

References

Other websites

London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive 

 Showing structure of reinforced concrete roof

 With appearance marred by rooftop safety barriers

Piccadilly line stations
Transport in the London Borough of Brent
London Travelcard zone 4

Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Brent
Angel tube station is a London Underground station in The Angel, Islington. It is on the Bank branch of the Northern line, between Old Street and King's Cross St. Pancras stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

Gallery

References

Oher websites

London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive 

 

Northern line stations
London Travelcard zone 1
Tube stations in the London Borough of Islington
Amersham station is a railway station serving Amersham in Buckinghamshire. It is in Travelcard Zone 9 (previously zone D). 

Amerhsam Station is a terminus of the Metropolitan Line branch of the London Underground. It is situated 23.7 miles (38.1 km) north west of Charing Cross and is the second most westerly station on the whole London Underground system, after Chesham

Amersham Station is also served by Chiltern Railways, which runs trains between London Marylebone and Aylesbury. From Aylesbury a shuttle service to Princes Risborough provides access to through services between Marylebone and Birmingham Snow Hill. The journey times to Central London range between 33 and 60 minutes.

Ticket barriers are in operation.

Services

Gallery

Other websites

Official London Underground website

References
 
 
 
 Station on navigable O.S. map

Metropolitan line stations
Buckinghamshire
1892 establishments in England
Travelcard Zone 5 is the fifth outward zone of the Transport for London zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal Travelcard fares within London. In this zonal system, London is split into six approximately concentric zones for the purpose of determining the cost of a Travelcard.  The zones are also used for pricing London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys, but not single journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a city-wide flat fare applies. The zones are not usually used for calculating the cost of tickets on National Rail services, but do apply to Travelcards used for such services.

London Underground
A Teddy boy was a young man who dressed in a style popular in 1950s Britain. The word 'Teddy' comes from the clothes, which were a version of clothes from the Edwardian period, about 1910. That period is named after Edward VII (19011910).

Teddy boys relate to early rock and roll music. People often thought of them as rebels. The teddy boy also meant the first British culture of young people. For the first time, teenagers who were in a working class could buy clothes, a bicycle or motorcycle and entertainment. Teddyboys wore clothes that might shock older people.

Style 
The style featured a long and jacket with one row of buttons and narrow pants, "brothel creeper" shoes with thick crepe soles and pencil-thin ties. Duck-tail hairstyles were the norm. The movement was working class, and rather dandyfied. It was quite short-lived, and gave way to the mods and rockers of the early 1960s.

References 

British culture
Fashion
1950s
SHINee is a South Korean boy band formed by SM Entertainment The members are Onew, Minho, Key, Taemin (order from oldest to youngest). The group's first album named “Replay-The first mini album” was released on the 22nd of May 2008, but the group officially debuted on the 25th of May 2008 with the song "Noonan neomu yeppeo (누난 너무 예뻐)", or better known as "Replay".

Members

Current
 Onew (Lee Jin-ki): Position: Leader and Lead Vocalist
 Key (Kim Ki-bum): Position: Vocalist, Lead Rapper and Lead Dancer
 Minho (Choi Min-ho): Position: Main Rapper, Vocalist and Visual
 Taemin (Lee Tae-min): Position: Vocalist, Main Dancer and Maknae

Former
Jonghyun (Kim Jong-Hyun): Position: Main Vocalist.

History

2008: Debut
In late May 2008 news articles started to surface online about SM Entertainment's new group, SHINee (pronounced "shiny"). On May 23, the group's first mini-album, Replay was released. Replay debuted at #10 on the Korean music charts and peaked at #8, selling 17,957 copies in the first half of 2008.
On June 7, 2008, SHINee participated in the Dream Concert in the Seoul Olympic Stadium along with other high profile Korean stars such as Epik High, Girls' Generation, Super Junior, TVXQ and the Wonder Girls. The group won their first award, Rookie of the Month, at the Cyworld Digital Music Award on June 22, 2008. SHINee took part in SMTown Live '08, which was held on August 18, 2008. They performed alongside labelmates BoA, Cheon Sang Ji Hee the Grace, Girls' Generation, Super Junior and TVXQ. On August 23, 2008, SHINee attended MNet's 20's Choice Awards 2008, where they won the "Hot New Star" award. SHINee released their full debut album, The SHINee World, on August 28, 2008. The album debuted on the charts at #3, selling 30,000 copies.
The first single released from the album was "Sanso Gateun Neo (Love Like Oxygen)" (산소 같은 너 (Love Like Oxygen), lit. You Like Are Like Oxygen), a cover of "Show the World" by Martin Hoberg Hedegaard, originally written by the Danish songwriting and production team of Thomas Troelsen, Remee and Lucas Secon. On September 18, 2008, SHINee's "Sanso Gateun Neo (Love Like Oxygen)" was the #1 song on M! Countdown.  A few days later, SHINee received the "Mutizen" award for the single on SBS's Popular Songs. SHINee participated in the "5th Asia Song Festival", where they received the "Best New Artist" award with Japanese girl group Berryz Kobo.
SHINee attended the 2008 Style Icon Awards on October 30, 2008, where they won the "Best Style Icon Award". On the same day, they released The SHINee World as a repackaged album under the name Amigo. Included on the album were three new songs: "Forever or Never", a remix of "Sa. Gye. Han (Love Should Go On)" (사.계.한) and the promotional single "A.Mi.Go (Amigo)" (아.미.고).  "A.Mi.Go" is a shortened version of the Korean phrase "Areumdaun Minyeorueljoahamyeon Gosaenghanda" (아름다운 미녀를 좋아하면 고생한다 lit. Heart Aches When You Fall In Love With a Beauty).

On November 15, 2008 SHINee won the "Best Male Rookie" award at the 10th annual MNET KM Music Festival, beating fellow newcomers U-Kiss, 2PM, 2AM and Mighty Mouth. At the 23rd Annual Golden Disk Awards, they performed a medley of their songs, "Noonan Neomu Yeppeo (Replay)", "Sanso Gateun Neo (Love Like Oxygen)" and "A.Mi.Go (Amigo)" and won the award for "YEPP Newcomer Album".
2009–2011 Mini-albums
SM Entertainment announced that SHINee would make their comeback with their second mini album Romeo on May 21, 2009. On May 18, "Juliette", the first single was released; the song is instrumentally a remake of Corbin Bleu's "Deal With It". It was later announced that their comeback was going to be delayed due to Onew damaging his teeth and the release of the mini-album was pushed back to May 25.  SHINee eventually had their return performance on June 5, 2009, on KBS's Music Bank, where they received the award for first place.

The group released their third mini-album, titled 2009: Year of Us, on October 19, 5 months after the release of Romeo.  SM Entertainment stated that this EP would showcase the group's vocals and demonstrate their unique qualities.  The lead single "Ring Ding Dong" was released digitally on October 14; the group had their comeback stage on October 16, on KBS's Music Bank.
On July 19, 2010, the group released their second studio album, Lucifer. It topped several charts in South Korea. The album was nominated for the Best Dance Performance Award at the Mnet Asian Music Awards. The album became the 6th best selling album of 2010 in South Korea. On December 26, 2010, the band began their first concert tour, SHINee World.

2016–present: "D×D×D," "1 of 1," "Five," “Don't call me”, “Atlantis”
On January 1, 2016, SHINee released their fourth Japanese album D×D×D. The album reached the top of the Oricon charts for 2 weeks in a row. To promote the album, they began their fourth Japanese tour that began on January 30, 2016, and ended on May 16, 2016. The tour had a total of 20 concerts in 9 cities. Toward the end of the year, SHINee released their fifth Korean album, "1 of 1," which charted #1 on the Korean Charts and #14 in the US. Their song, "Tell Me What to Do" (part of repackaging, "1 and 1") was #35 on YouTube's trending list.
On February 22, 2017, SHINee released their fifth Japanese album Five. They began their fifth Japanese tour with a total of 25 concerts in 10 cities.

On the 10th of September, SHINee released their sixth album. Named the story of Light’ Epilogue containing songs from their previous three mini albums The story of Light’ Ep.1, Ep.2 and Ep.3.

After a two-year break, SHINee came back on the 22nd of February 2021 with their seventh album called "Don't call me". With songs such as Don't call me, Body Rhythm and Attention. 

On the 12th of April, SHINee released the album repackage of "Don't call me" named “Atlantis” with three new songs, “Atlantis”, “Area” and “Days and Years”.

Awards
Awards

Other Activities
SHINee has taken part in various other activities including TV advertisements, a reality show, Drama OST, and so on. They also did a reality show named "Yun Ha Nam" for women older than them. They were also the public representatives for the Korean Youth Federation and many others. SHINee also sang songs for TV drama OST, including "Stand By Me" for the famous Korean drama "Boys Over Flowers". They also featured in the second season of the reality show "Hello Baby".

It was announced that SHINee with be performing along side with Jay Park, B1A4, Teen Top and the much buzzed about new band 7.9.4.2 on 15 June 2012 at Singapore indoor stadium.

References

Other websites

http://www.shinee-ing.com  
http://people.naver.com/DetailView.nhn?frompage=nx_people&id=68882

K-pop music groups
R&B bands
South Korean boy bands
2008 establishments in South Korea
Baskin-Robbins is an international chain of ice cream parlors.  It has franchises in more than 30 countries. Out of 5800 locations, 2800 are based in the United States. It was founded in 1953 by the merger of two separate ice cream ventures of Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins, who were brothers-in-law. Before the merger, the two separate ice cream ventures were called Burt’s Ice Cream Shop and Snowbird Ice Cream. Snowbird Ice cream had 21 flavors at the time, which was praised as novel and fresh.

After the two ventures were combined into Baskin-Robbins, which would later become a world-famous ice cream parlor, they pushed the slogan of "31 flavors." Baskin-Robbins was creative in its approach, introducing the sampling system—letting people taste the different flavors of ice cream with small, single-use pink plastic spoons until they find the flavor that they want. Also, Baskin-Robbins was the first to introduce the ice cream cake to the public.
Original 31 Flavors
The original flavors when Baskin-Robbins first opened in 1945 were:

 Banana Nut Fudge
 Black Walnut
 Burgundy Cherry
 Butterscotch Ribbon
 Cherry Macaron
 Chocolate
 Chocolate Almond
 Chocolate Chip
 Chocolate Fudge
 Chocolate Mint
 Chocolate Ribbon
 Coffee 
 Coffee Candy
 Date Nut
 Eggnog
 French Vanilla
 Green Mint Stick
 Lemon Crisp
 Lemon Custard
 Lemon Sherbet
 Maple Nut
 Orange Sherbet
 Peach
 Peppermint Fudge Ribbon
 Peppermint Stick
 Pineapple Sherbet
 Raspberry Sherbet
 Rocky Road Nut
 Strawberry
 Vanilla
 Vanilla Burnt Almond

Current Flavors

Mint Chocolate Chip
Love Potion #31
Chocolate
Oreo Cookies 'n' Cream
Chocolate Chip
Pralines 'n' Cream
Very Berry Strawberry
Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough
Old Fashioned Butter Pecan
Jamoca
Peanut Butter Cup
Rocky Road
Peanut Butter 'n' Chocolate
Gold Medal Ribbon
World Class Chocolate
Cherries Jubilee
Chocolate Fudge
Daiquiri Ice
Rainbow Sherbet
Rainbow Chocolate Fudge Cake 
Wild And Reckless
Strawberry Cheesecake
Pokey Dot
Seasonal Flavors
America's Birthday Cake
Baseball Nut
Blueberry Cheesecake
Bourbon Street Pecan Pie
Brownie Bar Mashup
Cherry Cordial with Kisses
Chocolate Mousse Royale
French Vanilla
Eggnog
German Chocolate Cake
Icing On The Cake
Love Potion #31
New York Cheesecake
Nutty Coconut
Peppermint
Rock 'n' Pop Swirl
Reese’s Peanut Butter Cup
Trick Oreo Treat
Winter White Chocolate
Made With Snickers
Made With M&M's
Heath
Mango Tango
Pumpkin Cheesecake

Regional Flavors
Pink Bubblegum
Caramel Macchiato
York Peppermint Pattie
Cotton Candy
Orange Sherbet
Grape Ice 
Watermelon Ice
Miami Vice Sorbet
Splish Splash
Wild 'n' Reckless Sherbet
Lemon Custard
Oregon Blackberry
Bananas 'n' Strawberries
Mississippi Mud
Rum Raisin
Creole Cream Cheese
Chocolate Almond
Fudge Brownie
Banana Nut
Black Walnut
Cotton Candy Crackle
Quarterback Crunch
Chocolate Chocolate Chip Cheesecake
Caramel 'n' Cookies
Bright Choices
Real Fruit Strawberry Sorbet
Premium Churned Light Raspberry Chip
Premium Churned Light Vanilla
Premium Churned Light Milk Chocolate
Premium Churned Dark Milk Chocolate
Premium Churned Reduced Fat, No Sugar Added Butter Almond Crunch
Premium Churned Reduced Fat, No Sugar Added Pineapple Coconut
Premium Churned Reduced Fat, No Sugar Added Brownie Sundae
Premium Churned Reduced Fat, No Sugar Added Caramel Turtle Truffle
Premium Churned Reduced Fat, No Sugar Added Moose Tracks
Premium Churned Reduced Fat, No Sugar Added Peanut Buttery Bar Blast
Fat Free Vanilla Frozen Yogurt

Hidden message of the logo 
The Pink part has the 31 inside meaning there is 31 flavours.

References

Other websites 
Official website

American food companies
1953 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Massachusetts
Kurt Thomas Busch (born August 4, 1978) is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Race car driver from Las Vegas, Nevada. He drives the No. 1 Chevrolet for Chip Ganassi Racing. Busch has raced for Roush Fenway Racing, Penske Racing, Stewart-Haas Racing and Phoenix Racing. He has won one NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship, which he won in 2004. In 2014, Busch raced in the Indianapolis 500, where he finished in sixth place. The Indianapolis 500 was Kurt Busch's first try at racing in the IndyCar Series.

References

1978 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Las Vegas
In short, the strike zone extends from the batters' knees to the letters across the front of his uniform.
To be called a strike, the pitcher must throw the baseball across home plate, an area 17 inches wide (0.4318 meters), and between the knees and letters as indicated.
In professional baseball, a player who stands 5' 6" tall (1.67 meters), for example, will have a much smaller strike zone that will a 6' 4" (1.93 meters) homerun hitter.
Moreover, the focus is not on where the ball is caught by the catcher, but rather where the ball is as it passes the front of home plate.

Related pages
At bat

References
Strike Zone  MLB website.
John Walsh, "Strike Zone: Fact vs. Fiction," The Hardball Times, July 11, 2007.

Baseball rules
IndyCar
Team Penske joined the IndyCar circuit in 1968 with driver Mark Donahue, who won the team's first race at Indianapolis in 1972. By the late 1980s, the team had become one of the highest rated in IndyCar, and hired drivers like Emerson Fittipaldi, Rick Mears, and Al Unser Jr. to name three. In the early 1990s, Penske won many races and has continued to be a force in the series ever since. In 2003, they switched to the Indy Racing League, now known as the IndyCar Series, and hired Sam Hornish Jr. and Gil de Ferran to drive. Both won championships. Even though Penske has not won a championship since 2006, the team is always one of the fastest in the series. In 2014, their drivers will be Juan Pablo Montoya who left NASCAR to move to open wheel racing, three time Indy 500 winner Hélio Castroneves, and top ranked Australian driver Will Power. The team's headquarters are in Mooresville, North Carolina.
NASCAR 
Team Penske also runs a NASCAR team, which used to be called Penske Racing South until last year. Although this team has not been as successful as Penske's IndyCar program, it has had some big wins. Ryan Newman won the Daytona 500 for Penske in 2008 and Brad Keselowski won a Sprint Cup title while driving for the team in 2012. Keselowski will be joined by Joey Logano at the team in 2014.In 2018 Ryan Blaney joins in the 3rd car the 12. Joey Logano won the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Championship in 2018.

Other Motorsport Activities 
Penske was involved in Formula 1 in the 1970s, with John Watson as their most famous driver. Penske also had a highly successful sports car program in the 2000s. This team ran Porsche sports cars with great success. Their drivers included Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas, and Sacha Maassen. Penske stopped running this team in 2009.

Drivers 
 Juan Pablo Montoya
 Hélio Castroneves
 Will Power
 Brad Keselowski
 Joey Logano

References
References

NASCAR racing teams
Formula One constructors
1968 establishments
2009 disestablishments
IndyCar Series
Chupa Chups is a Spanish confectionery brand which was started in 1958. Enric Bernat had the idea of caramel on a stick because many children ate a lot of caramels and this caused their hands to get dirty. The company had much success.  

Chupa Chups was sold outside of Spain in the 1970s. It now does business in over 150 countries. These include Russia, Japan, Germany, Mexico, Australia and the United States. 
 
Chupa Chups began with seven flavours. This number has grown since then.

The logo of the company is a daisy with the name of the company inside. It was an designed by Salvador Dalí in 1969. 

In July 2006, the company as a whole was acquired by the Italian-Dutch company Perfetti Van Melle.

References

Other websites 
 Chupa Chups site

Manufacturing companies of Spain
Food companies of Europe
BIGBANG (, ) is a Korean boy band. The current members of the group are G-Dragon, Taeyang, T.O.P and Daesung. Former member Seungri left the group and the entertainment industry in 2019. Since their debut in 2006, they have become one of the most popular groups in Korea. BIGBANG has been praised numerous times for their musical talent. The group was planning a comeback in 2020 with a performance at the Coachella festival, however it was cancelled because of the Coronavirus.

Members
 G-Dragon (Kwon Jiyong ) - Leader, Main Rapper, Vocalist,  Dancer, Face Of The Group
 T.O.P (Choi Seung-hyun ) - Lead Rapper, Vocalist, Visual
 Taeyang (Dong Young-bae ) - Main Vocalist, Main Dancer
 Daesung (Kang Daesung ) -  Vocalist
 Seungri (Former member, 2006-2019) (Lee Seung-hyun ) - Lead Vocalist,  Lead Dancer, Maknae

Discography
Discography

Singles
"First Single"  - August 28, 2006
"BigBang is V.I.P"  - September 28, 2006
"Bigbang 03"  - November 21, 2006
"My Heaven"  - June 24, 2009
"Gara Gara GO!!"  - July 8, 2009
"Let Me Hear Your Voice"  - November 4, 2009
"Tell Me Goodbye"  - June 9, 2010
"Beautiful Hangover"  - August 25, 2010
"Alive"  - March 28, 2012

EPs (mini albums)
Always  - August 16, 2007
Hot Issue  - November 22, 2007
For The World  - January 4, 2008
With U  - May 28, 2008
Stand Up  - August 8, 2008
Tonight  - February 24, 2011
Alive  - February 29, 2012

Albums
Bigbang Vol.1  - December 21, 2006
Number 1  - October 22, 2008
Remember  - November 5, 2008
BIGBANG  - August 19, 2009
BIGBANG 2  - May 12, 2011
Alive  - March 28, 2012

Concert albums
1st Live Concert Album - The Real - February 8, 2007
2nd Live Concert Album - The Great - February 29, 2008
2009 Big Bang Concert Live Album - Big Show - April 22, 2009
2010 Big Bang Concert Live Album - Big Show - June 23, 2010
MADE -2015

References

Other websites
Other websites 

  
  
 Information about Korean artists 
 
 Big Bang's channel on YouTube

South Korean boy bands
K-pop music groups
2006 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in South Korea
Hélio Castroneves (born Hélio Castro Neves; May 10, 1975) is a Brazilian racecar driver. Until 2020, Castroneves raced for Team Penske in the IndyCar Series. He has won the Indy 500 four times. Castroneves won Dancing with the Stars in 2007 with his partner Julianne Hough. Castroneves drove for Team Penske since he entered the Indycar series in the late 1990s. Even though he has many race wins, Castroneves has never won an IndyCar Series championship. Castroneves lives in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Castroneves was born and raised in Brazil and was successful in karting there. He moved to Europe to keep racing and was a top driver in British Formula 3, which many racing experts say is a "stepping stone" to a career in a higher series such as F1 or IndyCar. He began racing in the United States in what was then the CART series in the late 1990s and struggled at first. However, in 2000, he got a big break when Team Penske signed him after Greg Moore, who the team originally wanted to drive for them, died in a racing accident in 1999. He joined the team in 2000 and has remained there ever since. In 2001, he won the Indianapolis 500, one of the most important events in the racing world. At the event, he famously climbed the protective fence at the side of the track. The following year he won again in a very controversial finish where it wasn't clear whether Castroneves or rival Paul Tracy had won. Castroneves was declared the winner, but many people believe Tracy was the rightful winner
. Tracy has not gotten along with Castroneves since then and has called him a "two time winner", leaving out his 2002 win. Castroneves has always been a top driver and finished second in IndyCar Series points in 2008. The following year he won the Indy 500 for a third time. In 2009, the IRS charged Castroneves with tax evasion. After a trial, Castroneves was acquitted by a jury.
References

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian racecar drivers
IndyCar Series drivers
Changdeokgung is one of the five grand palaces in South Korea. They are Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Deoksugung, Changgyunggung, and Gyeonghuigung. The five grand palaces were not built at the same time. Changdeokgung was built as the secondary palace next to Gyeongbokgung. The construction began by King Taejong, the Third King of the Joseon Dynasty, in 1405. Taking 7 years to complete, it was finished in the year 1412.

The word Changdeokgung means 'the palace of prospering virtue'. Because of the meaning of the name of the palace, the kings of Joseon Dynasty chose mostly Changdeokgung to live in.
However, Changdeokgung had suffered some damage for 350 years after the reconstruction. As a result, a large scale restoration took palace from 1990 to 1999. This restoration shows how much the Korean people loved Changdeokgung. Apparently, the UNESCO saw its value as well. Seeing Changdeokgung as a vital global asset, UNESCO listed it as a World Cultural Heritage. The UNESCO said that Changdeokgung 'was outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design'.

Changdeokgung is in a park in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. There are total of 13 buildings remaining in all and the area is designated as Historical Site No. 122. Tourists from all around the world visit this historic site. Changdeokgung is also an enjoyable park for families to spend their weekends.

Palaces in Asia
Buildings and structures in Seoul
World Heritage Sites in South Korea
Korea University is a private university in Seoul, South Korea. Along with Seoul National University and Yonsei University, KU is one of the three most renowned universities in the country, collectively known as 'SKY.'

Founded in 1905 with the struggle against Japanese colonialism as a historical background, Korea University holds its legacy with highly national values as priorities. These days, however, an emphasis on internationalism and globalization is also becoming an important value that KU pursues.
Korea University has 81 academic departments, and is most well known for its law school, business school, and college of education. 
It has many notable alumni, including the former President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myung-bak and former mayor of Seoul Oh Se-hoon. 
Cha Bum-Kun, famous football manager and former player (nicknamed Tscha Bum), graduated from KU.
In 2009, famous figure skater Kim Yu-Na entered Korea University as a physical education major. 
About 28,000 students are currently studying in Korea University, including 1,000 foreign students.

Other websites 
Korea University

Colleges and universities in South Korea
1905 establishments
20th-century establishments in South Korea
1900s establishments in Asia
Joseph-Armand Bombardier (April 16, 1907 – February 18, 1964) was a Canadian inventor famous for inventing the snowmobile.  In 2000, Joseph-Armand Bombardier was honored by the government of Canada with his image on a postage stamp.

Childhood
Joseph-Armand was born in 1907 in Valcourt, Quebec. As a child he loved to take things apart and put them back together. He was very good at building mechanical things.  He built his first moving toy at the age of 13. His father had to hide the family car from him because he liked to take apart and re-build the motor. To keep him away from the family car, his father gave him an old car that didn't work.  Joseph-Armand fixed the motor, and put it on old sleds and created the first snow vehicle.

When he was 17 years old he convinced his father to let him quit college and become a mechanic. He continued to study mechanics and electrical engineering at night school.
Inventions
His first patent was for a sprocket wheel and track system in 1937, this system would help him to make the first snowmobile the B7.  These first snowmobiles were used by doctors, veterinarians, innkeepers and funeral directors to get around in the winter. Bombardier went on to design bigger snowmobiles that would carry up to 12 people.

During the War, he made snowmobiles and armoured tracked vehicles for the Canadian Government. 

 Because of this, his company began to grow. In the 1970s, it began making airplanes and trains and became the large multi-national corporation now called Bombardier Inc.

He is a member of the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame.

Further reading

Related pages
 Bombardier Recreational Products
 Snowmobile

References

Other websites
  J. Armand Bombardier Museum
 Joseph-Armand Bombardier  at The Canadian Encyclopedia
 CBC's Bombardier: The Snowmobile Legacy
 Heritage Minute about Joseph-Armand Bombardier
1907 births
1964 deaths
Canadian inventors
People from Quebec
An Earthship is a type of house that is built with natural and recycled materials with energy conservation in mind. Designed by the architect Michael Reynolds and his company Earthship Biotecture, it is built to produce water and electricity for its own use. Mainly made of earth-filled tires it takes advantage of thermal mass, natural heat insulation and ventilation to maintain its temperature. Since it does not require any public utilities such as gas, electricity, water or sewage it can be considered as an off-the-grid housing, meaning that it can live away from public utilities.
An Earthship does not require external support to sustain itself. Instead, it is built to use resources available from its natural surroundings. For example, windows are placed so that sunlight is shone inside the house to be used for heating. Electricity is generated by solar panels and stored in batteries. The roofing collects rainwater that is filtered and used for drinking and various household activities such as cooking and washing. Used water from sinks and showers is reused to water indoor plants and after that for toilet flushing.

Earthships can adapt to different climates and are being build worldwide. In North- and South America, the Carribeans, Asia, Africa and Europe. Construction drawings and training should enable people to build their own off-the-grid Earthship home and become independent from public and commercial utilities.

References

Other websites 
 NaveTierraMDQ, Project in Mar del Plata, Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Earthship Biotecture

Houses
Matt Kenseth (born March 10, 1972) is an American race car driver. He drove for Joe Gibbs Racing and Roush Fenway Racing before he retired. In 2003, Kenseth won the NASCAR Winston Cup Championship.

References

NASCAR drivers
1972 births
Living people
American racecar drivers
Daytona 500 winners
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
Kittanning () is a borough and the county seat of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is 44 miles (71 km) northeast of Pittsburgh,  and is by the Allegheny River.

History

Kittanning is along the Allegheny River. It was originally a Native American village in the 18th century. In 1756, the village was destroyed by John Armstrong, Sr. at the Battle of Kittanning during the French and Indian War. During the attack, a blast from the explosion of gunpowder stored in Captain Jacobs's house was heard in Pittsburgh, 44 miles away.

In 1900, 3,902 people lived in Kittanning, and in 1910, there were 4,311 people living in the area. After Wickboro became part of Kittanning, an estimated 10,000 people lived in Kittanning in 1914. In 1930, there were 7,808 people; in 1940, 7,550. The amount of people living in Kittanning was 4,787 at the 2000 census. Kittanning is the county seat of Armstrong County.
The playground on North Jefferson Street was formerly the Kittanning Cemetery; 274 graves were moved in 1960 to a new cemetery on Troy Hill Road.

Notes and references

Other websites
 Armstrong County Tourist Bureau 

County seats in Pennsylvania
1724 establishments
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Settlements established in the 18th century
1720s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
Gastric dumping syndrome, also called dumping syndrome, and rapid gastric emptying, is when food or water passes through the body too fast. It can cause cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, feeling dizzy, nausea, and feeling tired.

Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Richard A. Peddie (born January 1947) is a Canadian businessman. He is the former president and CEO of Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment.

References

1947 births
Living people
Canadian businesspeople
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Webmail (or Web-based e-mail) is an e-mail service which is usually accessed through a web browser, instead of an email client such as Microsoft Outlook. Some well known versions are Gmail, Windows Live Mail and Yahoo! Mail. One of the advantages of using web-based e-mail, as with other Cloud computing is that users needn't have their own computer. They can access and write their mail from anyone else's computer that has a web browser connected to the internet. 

Internet
E-mail
Club Penguin was a free-to-play multiplayer online game that was available to play online. It was owned by The Walt Disney Company starting in October 2005 before it was shut down in late March 2017. Club Penguin started as a chat room called Penguin Chat by Rocketsnail Games. The game was replaced by a freemium mobile application called Club Penguin Island, which did not receive the success that the original online game had.

Gameplay
Club Penguin was an online virtual world for all ages, where players could talk and meet with each other. Parties were held once a month with a different theme every time. Players could play games to earn coins.

There were also several rooms in Club Penguin. A player would usually land in the town whenever they logged on. All players gathered at the town. By walking or by using the map, players could visit other places.
Shutdown
Before shutdown, it was announced that on the final day of Club Penguin, everybody would get membership. Club Penguin was shut down at 00:01:39 PM. A message appeared on screen for all players, saying "The connection has been lost. Thank you for playing Club Penguin. Waddle on!"

Membership
Like most online games, Club Penguin had a membership which could be purchased online or through a gift card that was purchased from a store. As a member, players could buy new furniture, adopt more puffles, and get access to bonuses.

Puffles
Puffles were the virtual pets. Non-members could buy a red puffle and a blue puffle, but members could adopt all 20 puffles in exclusive colors. A puffle that was not well cared for by its owner would leave its owner and return to the wild. Puffles had food, hats, and toys which could be bought in the game.
Minigames
There were many games on Club Penguin, all with different controls. Some games are controlled by the computermouse, while other games were controlled by the keyboard. At the end of a game, the player earns a certain amount of coins, depending on how well the game was played.

Console games 
There are some console video games based on Club Penguin. These include the following:
 Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force 
 Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force: Herbert's Revenge for Nintendo DS 
 Club Penguin: Game Day for Wii

References

Other websites 
Club Penguin website
Club Penguin Wiki
Club Penguin Wikia

Online games
Disney video games
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Crush syndrome is a very bad health condition. It involves major shock and kidney failure because of the skeletal muscles being crushed. This condition can cause death.

Syndromes
Shock may refer to:

Medical conditions
Shock (circulatory), a circulatory medical emergency
Acute stress reaction, often termed 'shock' by laypersons, a psychological condition in response to terrifying events
Post-traumatic stress disorder, a long-term complication of acute stress reaction

Other meanings
Shock (economics), an unexpected or unpredictable event that affects an economy
Shocks (Image Processing)
Electric shock
Shock (mechanics)
short for "Shock absorber"
Shock wave, one example being a sonic boom
Shock site, a website that is intended to be offensive or shocking to most viewers
Shock tactics, a close quarter battle tactic, usually done by specially trained shock troops.
Shock troops, troops trained for shock tactics, usually heavy cavalry or infantry
The Detroit Shock, a professional women's basketball team
Shock (Cooking Technique), to quickly stop the cooking process of blanched items by plunging them in ice water.
Last names
Aaron Schock, member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing the 18th district of Illinois.

In the arts
Shock (troupe), a rock/mime/burlesque/music troupe
Shock (1946 movie), a movie starring Vincent Price
Shock (1977 movie), a 1977 Italian movie
Shock (novel), a 2001 book by Robin Cook
Shock (2004 movie), a 2004 Tamil movie starring Prashanth Thyagarajan
Shock (2006 movie), a 2006 Telugu movie
The Shock (1923 movie), a 1923 silent movie
Shock Records, an Australian record label

Related pages
Culture shock
Future shock
Sticker shock
Combat stress reaction, or "shell shock"
Culture shock is a feeling that people have when they are in a different place or experiencing a culture that is different from their own. Many times, the feelings that come with culture shock are confusion, feeling out of place, anxiety, and homesickness. These feelings come from adjusting to the new culture or place, which can be very difficult for some people. Adjustment is especially hard when the change of environment and culture is in a foreign country. It is difficult for people to know what is appropriate and what is not in an unfamiliar place.

Signs and symptoms 

 Frustration
 Tiring easily and sleeping a lot

 Feelings of loneliness and not being motivated

 Negative attitude towards host culture

 Extreme homesickness
Dealing with culture shock 
It is important to understand and identify the symptoms of culture shock so that it can be worked through. The feelings and symptoms that are a result of culture shock are not always caused by one event alone. Many times, it is more than one event over time that leads to overwhelming feelings and emotions. Sometimes it is difficult to identify feelings and emotions as symptoms of culture shock because they can often be confused with other things. There are some different strategies for coping and working through culture shock. Keeping active, making friends with the host country’s locals, and staying positive are all good methods to improve the ability to deal with culture shock.
Reverse culture shock 
Reverse culture shock is like culture shock but is experienced when someone returns to their original home after being away for a long period of time. Reverse culture shock can be unexpected because people expect their home to be the same as when they left. This makes it harder for someone to readjust to the change in their home culture and environment. Usually, a longer period of time spent away from home means a longer adjustment period after returning home. Reverse culture shock can be worked through by talking with others, doing things that are a reminder of the foreign place or culture, and staying positive.

References 

Culture shock
Modern dance is related to ballet, but aims at different types of performance, as compared to the classical ballets. Many of its dancers have been trained in ballet, and modern dance companies are rather similar to ballet companies. Here the word "modern" is not used to mean "recent". Modern dance is over a century old, having begun (in this sense) around 1900.

The phrase 'modern dance' is also applied to ballroom dance of the English (now 'International') style. However, this page uses Modern dance as a term to describe 20th century concert dance, on stage. The modern dance style does not have set rules. Modern dancers often create their own dance routines using their emotions and moods but, on the other hand, many performances are choreographed.
Also modern dancing does not require specific costumes. So modern dancers often dance barefoot and choose whatever they want to wear. Modern dancers try to show their innermost emotions through dancing, often trying to get closer to their inner-selves. Modern dance has evolved continually. Artistic content has changed and shifted from one choreographer to another, as have styles and techniques.

History 
Modern dance was developed in the 20th century, mainly in the United States and Germany. In the early 1900s, several female dancers began rebelling against the strict rules of classical ballet.

The pioneers of modern dance in the United States were Isadora Duncan, Loie Fuller, Ruth St. Denis and Martha Graham. The pioneers of Germany were Rudolf Von Laban and Mary Wigman.

References

Further reading 
Bedinghaus, Treva. What is modern dance? About.com
Love P. 1997. Modern dance terminology: the ABC's of modern dance as defined by its originators. Independent Publishers. 

Dance types
Epik High is a South Korean hip hop music group. They are well known for having combined genres and different styles of hip-hop throughout their career and for the quality of their music and the lyrics to their songs. Group members are Tablo, DJ Tukutz and Mithra Jin. They made their first recording in 2003, and started their own music label, Map the Soul, in 2009. They went on a World Tour to Japan, Korea and U.S.A. (April 26 ,2009 ~ May 23, 2009). The label was acquired by Woolim Entertainment, their former label. But soon the contract between them and their company ended and they are now the members of 
YG Entertainment.

Members 

 Tablo (Lee Seon-woong , or "Supreme T")
 DJ Tukutz (Kim Jeong-sik , or "Street T")
 Mithra Jin (Choi Jin , or "Sleeping M")
Recordings  
2003 Map of the Human Soul 
2004 High Society 
2005 Swan Songs 
2006 Black Swan Songs 
2007 Remapping the Human Soul 
2008 Pieces, Part One 
2008 Lovescream 
2009 魂: Map the Soul
2009 Remixing The Human Soul
2009 [e]
2010 epilogue 
2012 "99"
Other: Rideback ライドバック Soundtrack (Japanese anime)

Awards

2005 
Mnet KM Music Festival Best Hip Hop Award 
Golden Disk Awards Best Hip Hop Award 
KBS Artist of the Year 
SBS Best Hip Hop Award

2007 
Mnet KM Music Festival Album of the Year, Best Hip Hop Award 
Golden Disk Awards Artist of the Year 
KBS Artist of the Year

2008 
Mnet KM Music Festival Best Hip Hop Award, Best Lyricist Award 
Seoul Music Awards Album of the Year, Artist of the Year 
Korea Music Awards Hip Hop Album of the Year, Viewer's Choice Award

References 

 http://www.ygfamily.com

South Korean musical groups
2003 establishments in South Korea
Ben Foster (born 3 April 1983) is an English footballer. He is a former England national team goalkeeper who currently plays for the National League club Wrexham A.F.C. He holds the record for having done the most number of saves (1178) in premier league history.

Foster started his football career at Racing Club Warwick and in 2001, secured his first transfer to Stoke City. Although considered promising, Foster struggled and could not get regular game-time in his youth days.

In 2005 he departed, without playing a single match, from Stoke City after a series of loan spells and joined Manchester United where he played as a back-up to Edwin van der Sar. He was loaned twice, consecutively, for the years 2005-06 and 2006-07 to Watford before spending three more seasons at Manchester United as a substitute goalkeeper. He finally left Manchester United for Birmingham City in 2010.
It was from this time that Foster started to get regular starts in all the teams he played till now. At Birmingham City, he instantly established himself in the main eleven for the 2010-11 season. The next season, West Bromwich Albion successfully managed to seal a loan deal with Birmingham City for Foster before finalising the transfer in 2012. He spent a total of seasons at West Brom before leaving the club for Watford in 2018. Since joining Watford, he has been praised several times by analysts for his calm presence in the goal behind a considerably weak Watford defense and has won back-to-back Premier league goalkeeper of the year awards at the London Football Awards.
Personal life
Born in Leamington Spa, Ben Foster used to work as a chef before he started his career as a footballer. He is currently married to Kate Foster with whom he has 2 children's. The family lives in a self-designed house at Tiddington, Warwickshire. Besides football, Foster has deep interest in cycling and has taken part in various cycling tours.

Career statistics

Club

International

Source:

Honours
Wrexham
Football League Trophy: 2004–05

Watford
Football League Championship play-offs: 2006
FA Cup runner-up: 2018–19

Manchester United
Football League Cup: 2008–09, 2009–10

Birmingham City
Football League Cup: 2010–11

Individual
Watford Player of the Season: 2006–07
Alan Hardaker Trophy: 2009, 2011
Birmingham City Player of the Season: 2010–11
Birmingham City Players' Player of the Season: 2010–11
West Bromwich Albion Supporters' Player of the Season: 2011–12, 2013–14
West Bromwich Albion Players' Player of the Season: 2011–12, 2013–14
London Football Awards Goalkeeper of the Year: 2018, 2019
References

Other websites

Profile  at the Watford F.C. website

1983 births
Living people
English association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Warwickshire
Premier League players
This article is about the Korean university.  For other uses, see Yonsei.
Yonsei University (연세대학교,延世大學校) is one of the top three universities in South Korea. It is privately-owned, and one of the oldest universities in the country.

History
Yonsei University was started by a Christian missionary named Horace Underwood. The university included older schools. One was Yonhi College and another was Severance Hospital. Severance Hospital had a medical school called Gwanghyewon which opened in 1885. Therefore, Yonsei University states that it started in 1885.

Geography
The main buildings are in Sinchon in Seoul, but there are also students in Wonju in Gangwon province.

The university offers courses in economics, business, and medical majors. Severance Hospital is still the medical center of Yonsei University. Yonsei University's school color is blue.

References 

Colleges and universities in South Korea
1885 establishments
1880s establishments in Asia
Establishments in South Korea
Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies (HAFS) is a private boarding school in Yongin City, South Korea. It was founded by the city council and the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies through working together. HAFS was established on 9 October 2004. The school has around 113 workers and approximately 1050 students. The school is well known for its school uniform which is designed by André Kim, a famous designer in S. Korea.

The school ground includes three classroom buildings named Pioneer Hall, Dream Hall, and Challenge Hall respectively and two dormitory buildings named Ace Hall. All students have to live in the dormitory throughout the school years.