Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Lisa Olivia Munn (born July 3, 1980) is an American comedian and actress. She acts in both movies and television programs. She was in the 2010 action movie Iron Man 2. She also models with Nike and Pepsi. Olivia Munn was born in Oklahoma City.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Oklahoma
1980 births
Living people
Models from Oklahoma
Julianne Nicholson (born July 1, 1971) is an American actress. She works mostly on television programs. She played the Detective Megan Wheeler in Law & Order: Criminal Intent. She played Esther Randolph in Boardwalk Empire. She was born in Medford, Massachusetts.

American television actors
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Medford, Massachusetts
1971 births
Living people
Piers Morgan Live (previously known as Piers Morgan Tonight) is a television talk show on CNN. It is hosted by Piers Morgan. It started on January 17, 2011. It took over the timeslot that Larry King Live was in before Larry King retired. On the show, Morgan interviews guests such as politicians, celebrities, and members of the public. His first guest was Oprah Winfrey. The show was cancelled on February 23, 2014 and the final episode was aired on March 28, 2014.

References

Other websites

2011 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
English-language television programs
Hilarie Burton (born July 1, 1982) is an American actress. She works mostly on television. She played Lauren in Grey's Anatomy. She played Sara Ellis in the television show White Collar. She has also been in movies. Burton was born in Sterling, Virginia.

American television actors
American movie actors
1982 births
Living people
Actors from Virginia
Evelyn King (born July 1, 1960) is an American singer. She mostly performs disco and rhythm and blues. She had the hit singles "Love Come Down" and "Shame". King was born in the Bronx, New York. She was raised in Philadelphia.

Singers from Pennsylvania
Singers from New York City
American R&B singers
1960 births
Living people
The View is an American television talk show that airs on ABC. It started in 1997. It features a panel of women who talk about current issues and news items such as tabloid headlines and celebrity news. As of 2017, the panel included moderator Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Paula Faris, Sara Haines, Jedediah Bila, and Sunny Hostin.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 

1997 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
English-language television programs
Restorationism, also called Christian primitivism is a movement that tries to model itself after what is known or believed of the Early Christian Church. Over the course of time, different groups have used the term, with different meanings:
In the Middle Ages, most groups were active during the time when the Protestant Reformation happened. In the 15th century, a movement called the Lollards started. Another group  with similar ideas was the Brethren of the Common Life.
Movements such as the Hussites, the Anabaptists,  the Landmark Baptists, the Puritans and the Waldensians were called Primitive, as is the Primitive Methodist Church.
After the Protestant Reformation, the Protestant movement split in many groups. Some of these groups, such as the Churches of Christ and the Baptists are more restorationist than others. Other movements include the Glasites, in Scotland. In the United States, there was a Restoration Movement, which is also known as Stone-Campbell Movement as well as the Mormons, Christadelphians, Christian Scientists, and Jehovah's Witnesses.
A number of Pentecostal movements has been described as restorationist: Among them are the Assemblies of God, and the evangelical British New Church Movement
Some movements use the term to say that Jewish people must be "restored" to the Promised Land. These movements are usually called Christian Restorationism or Christian Zionism.
 The term has also been used in reference to Muslim movements with similar aims, such as Salafism, Muwahhidism, Ghair Muqallids and Quranism.
 In the Philippines, Iglesia ni Cristo sees itself as restorationist.
Christian movements and denominational families
Religious terminology
Apocatastasis, which can be translated as universal restoration is a concept that can be found in Ancient Greece. The theological idea was that people did not fully agree with their creator, and moved away; this is called Apostasy. At the end of time, everything would be re-united with its creator, according to the idea. Different people have seen the process differently: Some say, that everything, even those that have "fallen", will be reunited; these people speak about apokatastasis panton or restitutio omnium (quae locutus est). 

Ancient Greek philosophy used the term, before it was used by Christian scholars. That way, the Pythagoreans, Heraclitus, and the Stoics used the term. Neoplatonism, as well as Friedrich Nietzsche also used the term in this meaning. Most of these philiosophers believed, that this "restoration" was periodic, and not an event that occurred only once.
Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Gregory of Nyssa where the first Christian scholars who used the term: For them, this "restoration" would occur only once, and was not periodic. 

Christian theology
By far the greater number of wasps (over 500,000 species in the superfamily Chalcidoidea alone) are a special type of parasite. They are parasitoids which lay their eggs in or on the bodies of other insect species (usually the larvae such as caterpillars). 

Different species specialise in hosts from different insect orders, most often Lepidoptera, though some select beetles, flies, or bugs; the spider wasps (Pompilidae) exclusively attack spiders.

Almost every insect  pest species has at least one wasp species that preys upon it or parasitizes it. This makes wasps critically important in the natural control of pest numbers (biocontrol). Parasitic wasps are increasingly used in agricultural pest control as they themselves do little or no damage to crops. Farmers buy these parasitic wasps for insect control in their fields.
With most species, the adult parasitic wasps themselves do not get any nutrients from their prey. Much like bees, butterflies, and moths, those which do feed as adults usually get all of their nutrition from nectar. 

Parasitic wasps are extremely varied in their habits. Many lay their eggs in inert stages of their host (egg or pupa). If the prey is a caterpillar, they paralyze it by injecting it with venom through their ovipositor. Then they insert one or more eggs into the host or deposit them upon the host externally. The host remains alive until the parasitoid larvae are mature, dying later when the parasitoids pupate, or when they emerge as adults. Basically, the hosts are eaten alive.
Ichneumons 
The Ichneumonoidea is a superfamily of wasp parasitoids. It has two main families:
Ichneumonidae: this is by far the largest family. It is a very specific parasite, each species preying on only one or two prey species.
Braconidae: these are more all-round parasites which have a wide range of hosts they can parasitise.

Polydnavirus (PDV) 
Polydnaviruses are a unique group of insect viruses that have a mutualistic relationship with parasitic wasps. 

The virus protects the parasitic larva inside the host by weakening the host’s immune system. It also alters the cells of the host in ways which help the parasite. The polydnavirus, like all viruses, need a host to replicate itself. This it does in the oviducts of the female wasp. 

The relationship between these viruses and the wasp is obligatory: all individuals are ‘infected’ with the viruses; the virus has been added to the wasp’s genome.
The two main genera of polydnaviruses are the Ichnoviruses (IV) and the Bracoviruses (BV). The ichnoviruses occur in ichneumonid wasp species and bracoviruses in braconid wasps.

Host defence 
The victims of parasitoids do have defences they can use. Many try to hide from the wasps. The egg shells and cuticles of the prey are thickened to prevent the wasp from penetrating them.  When the wasp arrives, prey may drop off the plant they are on, or twist and thrash to dislodge the female. Some regurgitate onto the wasp to tangle it up. The wriggling can sometimes help by causing the wasp to miss laying the egg on the host and instead place it nearby. Wriggling of pupae can cause the wasp to lose its grip on the smooth hard pupa or get trapped in the silk strands. Some caterpillars bite wasps that approach it. Some secrete poisonous compounds that kill or drive away the parasitoid. Ants that are in a symbiotic relationship with caterpillars, aphids or scale insects defend them from attack by wasps.
Even parasitoid wasps are vulnerable to hyperparasitoid wasps. Some parasitoid wasps change the behaviour of the infected host to build a silk web around the pupa of the wasps after they emerge from its body to protect them from hyperparasitoids.

In endoparasitoids, host immune cells can encapsulate the eggs and larvae of parasitoid wasps. In aphids, a secondary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola carries a latent phage. This phage makes the aphid relatively immune to their parasitoid wasps by killing many of the eggs. However, wasps counter this by laying more eggs in aphids that have the endosymbiont so that at least one of them can hatch and parasitize the aphid.
Certain caterpillars eat plants that are toxic to both themselves and the parasite to cure themselves. Drosophila melanogaster larvae also self-medicate with ethanol to treat parasitism. D. melanogaster females lay their eggs in food containing toxic amounts of alcohol if they detect parasitoid wasps nearby. Despite the alcohol slowing the growth of the flies, it protects them from the wasps.

Evolution 
Parasitoidism evolved only once in the Hymenoptera, during the Permian. It lead to a single clade, the Apocrita. Almost all parasitoid wasps are descended from this clade. 

The parasitic lifestyle has been lost several times, including among the ants, bees, and yellowjacket wasps. As a result, the order Hymenoptera has many families of parasitoids intermixed with non-parasitoid groups. The Hymenoptera, Apocrita, and Aculeata are all clades, and each has both parasitic and non-parasitic species. The parasitoid wasps do not form a clade on their own.
The parasitoid wasps include some very large groups. Some estimates suggest the Chalcidoidea has 500,000 species, the Ichneumonidae 100,000 species, and the Braconidae up to 50,000 species.
Host insects have evolved a range of defences against parasitoid wasps, including hiding, wriggling, and camouflage markings.

A big increase of species in the Hymenoptera occurred soon after the evolution of parasitoidy in the order. The parasitoidy may have been a main cause of it. The evolution of a 'wasp waist' (a constriction in the abdomen) helped the Apocrita because it increased manoeuverability of the ovipositor (the organ used to lay eggs).

References 

Wasps
Parasitoids
Before Midnight is a 2013 American romantic drama movie. Ethan Hawke stars as Jesse Wallace and Julie Delpy as Celine. This movie is set in Greece. Before Midnight has gotten strong praise from the movie critics. It was released during May and June of 2013 in the United States.

It was preceded by Before Sunrise and Before Sunset.

Other websites 

2013 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
American sequel movies
Greek movies
Multilingual movies
Movies set in Greece
American independent movies
Movies directed by Richard Linklater
Movies about conversations
2013 independent movies
Deborah Kara Unger (born May 12) is a Canadian actress who has been mostly in independent movies. She acted as Catherine Ballard in the 1996 movie Crash and as Carol Lynn Johnson for the 2007 movie 88 Minutes. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Some sources cite 1964 for her birth year, although other sources mention 1966.

Other websites 

1960s births
Living people
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Innocent Blood is a horror-crime movie released in autumn 1992. Its cast members are Angela Bassett as Attorney Sinclair, Linnea Quigley as Nurse and Robert Loggia as Salvatore Macelli. The movie is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is about vampires and Mafia activities. This movie was released in September 1992. It got mixed reviews, though it took in almost $5 million in the box office.

1992 horror movies
1992 crime movies
American horror movies
American crime movies
English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by John Landis
Summer of Sam is a 1999 crime drama movie. It was directed by Spike Lee, who also co-wrote and co-produced it. The movie is about a series of murders done by David Berkowitz (nicknamed the Son of Sam) during the summer of 1977 in New York City. John Leguizamo, Mira Sorvino, Adrien Brody and Jennifer Esposito play fictional characters. The MPAA threatened Summer of Sam with an NC-17 due to a sex scene, which was then cut out. The movie was released in July 1999.

Other websites 

1999 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American serial killer movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies directed by Spike Lee
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1970s
Screenplays by Spike Lee
The 84th Academy Awards was on February 26, 2012. It was held in the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. Billy Crystal was the morderator at this ceremony.

The Artist won five Oscars: Best Picture, Best Actor for Jean Dujardin and Best Director for Michael Hazanavicius. Other Winners were Hugo with five Oscars, The Iron Lady with two Oscars and Beginners, The Descendants, The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Help, Midnight in Paris, The Muppets, Rango, Saving Face, A Separation, The Shore and Undefeated with one.

Nominees and winners
Winners are listed first.

Academy Awards
2012 movies
Anthony LaPaglia (born 31 January 1959) is an Australian movie and television actor. He has received Golden Globe Awards and Emmy Awards for acting. He acted as "Jack Malone" in the series Without a Trace and as "Detective Lou" in the movie Summer of Sam.

He was born in Adelaide, although he later moved to the United States. His first part in a movie was Cold Steel in 1987. LaPaglia appeared on Broadway in 1997, in a production of A View From the Bridge. He received a Tony Award his role as the play's main character.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1959 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Actors from Adelaide
Tony Award winning actors
Christina Hendricks (born 3 May 1975) is an American actress of movie, stage, television and video games. She is best known for portraying the roles of Joan Harris in the AMC period drama series Mad Men (2007–2015), and Beth Boland in the NBC comedy-drama series Good Girls (2018–2021). Prior to this, Hendricks had starring roles as Kelly Kramer in the Showtime comedy-drama series Beggars and Choosers (2000–2001), Saffron in the Fox drama series Firefly (2002–2003), and Nicolette Raye in the UPN legal drama series Kevin Hill (2004–2005).

Personal life
Christina was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. She has lived in Idaho.

Other websites

 

1975 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Knoxville, Tennessee
Immortal Beloved is a 1994 drama movie in which Gary Oldman and Isabella Rossellini star. The movie is about Ludwig van Beethoven. This movie was released in December 1994 in United States theaters. It received mixed reviews. It debuted strongly at the box office.

 
1994 drama movies
British drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about composers
Movies about classical music and musicians
José Martínez Morote  (born February 5, 1984 in Albacete) is a Paralympic track and field athlete from Spain. He has an intellectual disability. He helps track and field athletes where he lives. He first played football, and then started track and field when he was 16 years old. He has competed at the 2007 World Games, the 2011 IPC World Athletics Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand and the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  Martínez had two scholarships to allow him to be a track and field athlete.

Personal 
Martínez was born February 5, 1984 in Albacete, Spain, and  has an intellectual disability. He lives in the city where he was born. He went to school in Cruz de Mayo. He helps track and field athletes where he lives.

In 2008, Martínez got an award from the Culture and Sport at the yearly award ceremony for the Federation of Employers of Albacete (FEDA).
Athletics 
Morote started doing track and field when he was 16 years old. Before track and field, he played football but began track and field because a teacher said his running speed would be better in track and field.  He competed in races in Tunisia, Hungary, Sweden, Australia, France, Prague, Brazil and China. His coaches are Camilo and Maxi.  He is a member of Club Paralímpico de la Región athletic club in Castilla-La Mancha. He has been given money from the 'Castilla-La Mancha Olímpica' program, which gets money from the Foundation for Culture and Sports of Castilla-La Mancha. He competed in his first Spanish national championships when he was 19 years old. He finished first in the 5,000 and 10,000 meter races.
In 2005, Martínez got money from Foundation for Culture and Sports of Castilla-La Mancha to do track and field. He competed at the 2006  Spanish national championships and came first in the 400 and 800 meters. He competed in the 2007 World Games, where he finished second in the 800 meters and third in 1,500 meters.
In 2008, Martínez competed in the Spanish National Athletics Championship where he finished first in the 800 and 1500 meters.  That winter, he finished first at the Spanish national winter cross country championships.  The following year at the Spanish National Athletics Championship, he competed in the 400, 800, 1,500, long jump and 4x100 meter events, where and came first in the 800 and 1500 meters. . He competed at the 2008 World Intellectual Disability Indoor Athletics Championships in Tallinn, Estonia in where he finished second in the 400 meter event and third in the 4x400 meter event.  Competing at the 2008 European Championships, he finished first in the 400 meters. Competing in the 2009 Subida al Castillo de Chiva, he came in first in the one mile Paralympic class with a time of 4:45. He competed in the 2009 World Games in the Czech Republic. He competed in the 2009 Spanish national cross country championships, where he finished first.  The next year, he finished third.
Martínez competed at the 2010 World Indoor Championships for people with intellectual disabilities. He competed in the 2011 Subida al Castillo de Chiva one mile race in the Paralympic class.

Martínez competed at the 2011 IPC World Athletics Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand and he finished fourth in the T20 1,500 meter race. He competed at the 2011 World Games, and finished second in 4x100 and competed in the 1,500 meters, and finished first in the 4x400 relay team race.

Martínez competed in 2012 INAS European Athletics Championship. In 2012, he had a scholarship from the Spanish-based Fundación Cultura y Deportes and the Spanish business Lafarge. In 2012, he competed in the World Intellectual Disability Indoor Athletics Championships and finished third in the in the 4 x 400 meter race.  He finished sixth in the 1,500 meters.

Martínez competed in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. He finished 8th in the T20 1,500 meter race.

References
References 

Spanish middle-distance runners
2012 Summer Paralympics
Living people
1978 births
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T20
Spanish long jumpers
Spanish sportspeople with disabilities
A Diophantine equation is an equation that only takes integer coefficients, and that can be written as , where f is a polynomial. Diophantine analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis, concerned with such equations. Typical questions include:
Are there any solutions?
Are there any solutions beyond some that are easily found by inspection?
Are there finitely or infinitely many solutions?
Can all solutions be found in theory?
Can one in practice compute a full list of solutions?
Very often such problems were unresolved for centuries. With time, mathematicians  came to understand their depth (in some cases), rather than treat them as puzzles. The equation is named after Diophantus of Alexandria, a mathematician, who described them first. The restriction on integer coefficients makes sense, when one is concerned about finding Divisors, or in the case of modular arithmetic. In everyday life, many equations solve problems where only whole numbers make sense: A product is composed of many parts, but only whole pieces can be produced.
Some diophantine equations are very famous. These include the Pythagorean triple, Fermat's Last Theorem and Pell's equation. Hilbert's tenth problem was to find an algorithm to decide, whether a given Diophantine equation has an integer solution.   

Equations
Mathematical analysis
Number theory
Algebraic geometry
Eva Ngui Nchama (born on June 9, 1985 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea) is an athlete from Africa. She has a disability: she cannot see and is a T12/B2 type athlete. She competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece in the women's 100 metres - T12 event.  She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China and finished third in the women's 100 metres - T12 event and thir in the women's 200 metres - T12 event.  She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and was the 14th runner to finish.

In 2012, she had a Plan ADO €18,000 athlete scholarship with a €3,000 reserve and a €2,500 coaching scholarship.

References 

Sprinters
Living people
1985 births
Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Equatoguinean people
José María Pámpano Cillero (born December 10, 1978 in Badajoz) is a T36 athlete from Spain.

Pámpano competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens and finished second in the 4x400m relay and finished second in the T36 1500 meter race.  He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in the 800 meter race but was not one of the first three racers to finish. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and finished sixth in the 800 meter race.

References 

Spanish middle-distance runners
Living people
1978 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T36
People from Extremadura
Bloody Sunday took place in Russia in 1905. More than 3,000 people marched towards the Winter Palace in hopes of presenting Tsar Nicholas II a petition for reform, however he was not present at the palace.  Without the order of the tsar to stop them, the army shot their rifles into the crowd, leaving 96 dead and around 300 wounded. 

This event began the 1905 Russian Revolution, which was caused in part by defeat in the Russo-Japanese War. Many thousands died and the Tsar created the State Duma to represent the Russian people. It is considered a cause of the later, larger Russian Revolution.

Later Dmitri Shostakovich composed his 11th Symphony based on this event.

References

Russian Revolution
1905
Saint Petersburg
Massacres in Europe
20th-century protests
Warren Mercer Oates (July 5, 1928 – April 3, 1982) was an American television program and movie actor. He acted mostly in movies. He was known for playing Lyle in the famous 1969 movie The Wild Bunch, and John Dillinger in the movie Dillinger. He was born in Kentucky, and later relocated to Los Angeles for acting reasons.

Oates died of a heart attack at age fifty-three. His final movie, Blue Thunder, was shot in 1980 but not released until 1983, one year after his death.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Kentucky
1928 births
1982 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
The Kamba (Akamba in the plural) are a Bantu ethnic group.

They live in the semi-arid Eastern Province of Kenya,  from Nairobi east to Tsavo and north up to Embu, Kenya. This land is called Ukambani. They are one of the largest ethnic group in Kenya. They speak the Bantu Kikamba language as a mother tongue. 

The Kamba mostly live in the Machakos District of Kenya. The total population of the Kamba is about 4 million. The Kamba are also called Kikamba, Kekamba, Masaku, Ukamba, Kitui and Mumoni.

References 

Ethnic groups in Kenya
Abdülaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز) (8 February 1830 – 4 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and was 111st Caliph of Islam. He ascended the throne when he was 31 years old, reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876. He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and became sultan after the death of his brother Abdülmecid I.  He was deposed in 1876, having become unpopular, and was found dead six days later.

His Reign 
Abdülaziz was fond of wrestling, hunting and arm wrestling. He expanded and modernized the Ottoman navy, making it the third largest in the world.  This resulted in large debts to European countries. He also bought modern weapons for the Ottoman Army and expanded it.

Sultan Abdülaziz frequently organized trips to inland and abroad. He was the first Sultan who visited Egypt after Yavuz Sultan Selim who had conqueared Egypt in 1517.

As well as principalities Abdülaziz was the first Sultan who visited Europe. And often contacted with other countries' leaders.
In the peroid of Abülaziz the Ottomans pay attention to get along with West. Ottoman's westernization politics that was started after the Edict Of Gülhane were continued.

New provinces were created country-wide and the Istanbul University's system re-edited by copying France's education system. Sirkeci Train Station began to be built in the Abdülaziz era.

Here are some modernization introductions enacted by him.

 New soldier uniforms were prepared
 Post stamps were used for the first time
 Lighthouses were built along the coasts.
 Ottoman Bank was opened.
 High schools and industry schools were opened.
 Forest, mine, and medicine schools were opened
 Rulers of France, Austria, and Iran visited Istanbul.

Lover of Polish Arabian Horses 
In 1864 the westernizing Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz imported 90 mares and two stallions from Count Branicki"s studs in Bialocerkiew/Poland.

Descendants of Abdulaziz  
Only male descendants of Abdulaziz are considered representatives of the former Ottoman throne.

References
References

Other websites 

1830 births
1876 deaths
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Caliphs
Eleanore Cammack "Cammie" King (5 August 1934 – 1 September 2010) was an American actress. Her acting career was short, but with notable movies. She played Bonnie Blue Butler in Gone with the Wind in 1939. She provided the voice for the fawn Faline in the Disney movie Bambi in 1942.

King was born in Los Angeles. She died from lung cancer at age 76.

American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1934 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
"Money" is a song by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. The song was on their 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon. It was  written by their bassist/co-lead singer Roger Waters, and it was the first song on the second side of the original album. Money is the only song on the album to enter the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Money" is noted for its unusual 7/4–4/4 time signature, and the sounds of money-related objects that begins the song.
Composition
One of Gilmour's ideas for the solo section was that, for the second chorus of the solo, all special effects would be completely off (referred to as "dry"), creating the sense of just four musicians playing in a small room. For this "dry" chorus, all musicians played softly and subtly, with Gilmour's solo, now one single guitar, playing very little. Then, for the third chorus, the dynamics would suddenly rise, with heavy use of reverb and echo (a "wet" sound), additional rhythm-guitar parts in the background, and the drums becoming heavy and almost chaotic.
The notes and chords are based on the regular twelve-bar blues in the musical key of B minor, with the sung melody and nearly all of Gilmour's solo based on the pentatonic and blues scales. Two twelve-bar verses are followed by a twenty-bar instrumental section that features a blues-style tenor saxophone solo (played by Dick Parry) along with keyboard, bass and drums and a further two-bar intro in 4/4 leading to the guitar solo, which is structured like a twelve-bar blues, but doubled to a twenty-four-bar length.

The lyrics are quickly talked about in the movie Pink Floyd The Wall, when the main character, Pink, is caught writing poems in class by his teacher. The teacher takes the poem from him and reads it in a very mean manner, wanting Pink's classmates to laugh. The poem is a part of the lyrics to "Money".
Recording
The first rough recordings of the song, including some of the sound effects, were recorded in a small recording studio Roger Waters had in his garden shed. As recorded by the band, the song has a sad feel, unlike Waters' original version, which he later talked about as "prissy and very English". As heard on Classic Albums: Pink Floyd – The Making of The Dark Side of the Moon, the demo is in G-sharp minor, as opposed to the B minor of the final version. The instrumental section was worked on by both Gilmour and Waters, with Gilmour overseeing the time change as well as his own guitar and voice work, and Richard Wright and Nick Mason making up their own parts. Dick Parry added the tenor saxophone solo that comes before the guitar solo. Gilmour's advice is also seen in the final mix, which features "wet" and "dry" sections. To produce the special high notes that make up the final chorus of his solo, Gilmour played a special Lewis guitar with twenty-four frets, allowing a large variety of notes.
One of the special elements of "Money" are the sound effects that begin the song. These were made by putting together recordings Waters had made of clinking coins, a ringing cash register, tearing paper, a clicking counting machine and other items.

In the video Classic Albums: Pink Floyd – The Making of The Dark Side of the Moon, engineer Alan Parsons talked about the recording of the band's first backing track for the song: They used the sound-effect tape loop as a sort of metronome, but Parsons gradually faded out the loop before the vocals started. As the song went on, the band slowly sped up, yet later, between the second verse and the saxophone solo, Parsons briefly raised up the volume of the effects loop, and just by coincidence, it turned out to fit the beat. After this point, the loop is not heard again.
Re-recording
The song was re-recorded for the 1981 Pink Floyd album, A Collection of Great Dance Songs, because Capitol Records refused to let Columbia Records have the track in the US. With the help of producer James Guthrie, Gilmour re-recorded the song, providing vocals and playing all the instruments except saxophone (resulting in a much simpler drum part). Parry again added the sax solo, redoing his role on the original recording.

The music video for "Money" features scenes of various ways of making and spending money, and includes brief closeups of a coin spinning.

Personnel
David Gilmour - guitars, vocals
Roger Waters - music, lyrics, bass guitar, tape effects
Richard Wright - Wurlitzer electric piano
Nick Mason - drums

with:

Dick Parry - tenor saxophone

Charts

References

Other websites
[ AMG review]
"Money" Songfacts

1973 songs
Pink Floyd songs
Cynthia Jeanette Myers (September 12, 1950 – November 4, 2011) was an American actress and fashion model. She acted primarily in B-movies. She was Playboy Playmate of the Month in December 1968. Her most famous theatrical movie was Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a 1970 movie in which she starred as bisexual musician Casey Anderson.

Myers was born in Toledo, Ohio. She died due to lung cancer at age sixty-one.

American movie actors
1950 births
2011 deaths
Actors from Toledo, Ohio
Deaths from lung cancer
Evelyn Lauder (August 12, 1936 – November 12, 2011) was an American businesswoman and socialite. She became well known for being one of the creators of the pink ribbon symbol of breast cancer.

Lauder was Senior Corporate Vice President of Estée Lauder Companies. She was responsible for raising over $13 million for a breast cancer club that had the Evelyn Lauder name. Lauder was born into a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria, but later relocated to and was raised in New York City. She died at home in Manhattan, New York City, due to complications of ovarian cancer at 75.

Businesspeople from New York (state)
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from ovarian cancer
People from Vienna
Austrian businesspeople
1936 births
2011 deaths
Billie Jean Spears (January 14, 1937 – December 14, 2011) was an American country music singer. She reached the top ten in the country charts five times. She first sang "Harper Valley PTA", though that failed to chart. Her biggest song was "Blanket on the Ground" in 1975. She had other popular singles. Billie was born in Beaumont, Texas. She died of cancer at age seventy-four.

Singers from Texas
People from Beaumont, Texas
Country musicians from Texas
1937 births
2011 deaths
Cancer deaths in Texas
Tintoretto (1518 – 31 May 1594), born Jacopo Comin, was an Italian Renaissance painter. He was known by the nickname Il Furioso. His works are very dramatic, often depicting muscular figures and a bold use of perspective. These elements he paints in the Mannerist style. His use of colour and light, however, is typical of the Venetian School.

Tintoretto was from Venice. He spent most of his life painting there. He was a devout Roman Catholic. He painted frescos and other murals on the walls and ceilings of several churches and other buildings in Venice, such as the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, the Doge's Palace. His largest work is Il Paradiso, which dominates the main hall of the Doge's Palace. It is 22.6 x 9.1 metres in size, and is said to be the largest painting ever done on canvas.

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

Notes
Notes

References 
 
 Carlo Ridolfi, La Vita di Giacopo Robusti (A Life of Tintoretto) 1642
 Tintoretto, and Pierluigi De Vecchi. 1970. L'opera completa del Tintoretto. Milano: Rizzoli.  (Italian language)

Other websites 

Works at Web Gallery of Art
www.JacopoTintoretto.org - 257 works by Tintoretto

1518 births
1594 deaths
People from Venice
16th-century Italian painters
Italian Roman Catholics
Renaissance
The Nok culture was an ancient civilisation in what is now Nigeria. It appeared around 1000 BC and vanished around 300 CE. This civilisation lived in northern and central Nigeria. Its social system is thought to have been very advanced for its time. The Nok are considered to be the earliest producers of life-sized Terracotta sculptures in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been suggested that the Nok culture eventually evolved into the Yoruba. The use of iron, in smelting and forging tools, appears in the Nok culture at least by 550 BC and possibly earlier.

References

1st millennium BC
History of Nigeria
Nigerian culture
Ancient history by country‎
Magic is the performance of tricks or the creation of illusions. It is a type of performing art that entertains audiences. It is done by a magician or an illusionist. The magician does things that look impossible or supernatural by ordinary means. Card tricks, disappearing beauties, pulling a rabbit from a hat, and sawing a person in half are examples of this kind of magic.

References

Magic
Illusions
The renminbi (RMB, ¥; code: CNY; also CN¥, 元 and CN元) is the currency of the People's Republic of China. It is the main currency used in mainland China. It is also sometimes accepted in Hong Kong and Macau, and can be easily exchanged in those territories. The currency is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of China. Its name means "people's currency" ().

The main unit of renminbi is the yuán (/). One yuan is divided into 10 jiǎo (). One jiǎo is subdivided into 10 fēn (份). Renminbi banknotes are available in denominations from 1 jiao to 100 yuan (¥0.1–100). Coins have denominations from 1 fen to 1 yuan (¥0.01–1). Therefore, some denominations exist in both coin and banknote form. Coins under ¥0.1 are rarely used.

Currently, only ¥20,000 can be taken in or out of China without declaring it, or telling customs that you have it.

References

More reading
More reading

 Ansgar Belke, Christian Dreger und Georg Erber: Reduction of Global Trade Imbalances: Does China Have to Revalue Its Currency? In: Weekly Report. 6/2010, Nr. 30, 2010, , S. 222–229 (PDF-File; DIW Online).
 
 

Currency of Asia
People's Republic of China
The Scandinavian  Mountains are a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula. The western sides of the mountains drop steeply into the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, where they form the fjords of Norway. To the north they form the border between Norway and Sweden, and passing across the Arctic Circle. A small part of the range runs into Finland, but this part mostly consists of hills.

Galdhøpiggen in southern Norway is the highest peak in the range, at . Kebnekaise has the highest peak on the Swedish side, at . Halti is the highest peak in Finland, at . The range's proximity to the Arctic and the North Atlantic ocean has caused the formation of many icefields and glaciers.

References

Other websites

Mountain ranges of Europe
Mountains of Europe
Mountains of Norway
Geography of Finland
Geography of Sweden
Uto-Aztecan or Uto-Aztekan is a language family of the Americas. It consists of over 30 languages. Almost all of the Uto-Aztecan languages are found in the Western United States and Mexico. The name of the language family was given to show that it links the Ute language of Utah and the Aztecan languages of Mexico. The language of the Aztecs and its modern relatives are part of the Uto-Aztecan family.

Languages of Mexico
Languages of the United States
The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) are a clade of passerine birds from the Americas. They are the largest family of birds on Earth, with more than 400 species. They are the most diverse family of birds in every country in South and Central America. They also live in North America.

The family is named after the Old World flycatchers. Some members have similar features to the Old World flycatchers, but they are not related to them. They are members of suborder Tyranni. They do not have the song (vocal capabilities) of most other songbirds. 

Tyrant flycatchers are opportunistic feeders and often catch any insect they run across. Some, like the large great kiskadee, may eat fruit or small vertebrates such as frogs.

Kingbirds are flycatchers of the genus Tyrannus. They can be quite aggressive in defence of their interests.

References

Other websites

 
 Tyrant Flycatcher videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
 

Tyranni
Semyon Grigorevich Frug (born in 1860) was a writer. He was born into a family of Jewish farmers in southern Ukraine. From 1912 until his death in 1916, he lived in Odessa, where the sixth edition of his three-volume Complete Works was published in 1913.

His talent was at its best in Odessa. Frug's works were mainly written in Russian with a few stories written in Yiddish. In his writing, he described the life of the Jewish colonists, their relationships with their Ukrainian and Russian neighbors, and the disagreements and occasional arguments about various Yiddish dialects. Many of Frug's poems were set to music and performed on stage.

Ukrainian writers
Ukrainian poets
1860 births
1916 deaths
Margaret Elizabeth Chan (or Meg Tilly; February 14, 1960) is a Canadian and American actress who has received Academy Award nominations. She played a prostitute in the television drama Hill Street Blues, Madame de Tourvel in the movie Valmont and Chloe in The Big Chill. Tilly received a Golden Globe Award for her performances.

Tilly was born in California. She was raised in British Columbia.

References

Canadian movie actors
American movie actors
Actors from Long Beach, California
1960 births
Living people
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Susan Ann Sulley (sometimes known as Susan Ann Gayle; born 22 March 1963) is a British singer-songwriter. She began singing at age 17. She worked with The Human League and had major hit singles with them, including "Human" in 1986. Sulley was born in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

References

1963 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singers
Musicians from Sheffield
New wave singers
Ann Patchett (December 2, 1963) is an American author who writes literary fiction. She has written many novels, including Run, The Patron Saint of Liars and Taft. Patchett was born in Los Angeles, although she later moved to Nashville, Tennessee.

Writers from Los Angeles
Writers from Tennessee
1963 births
Living people
Sparta was an important Greek city-state in the Peloponnesus. It was unusual in that it had a diarchial system, with two kings ruling at the same time. The kings were called Arkhagêtai. They were hereditary rulers, and came from two separate dynasties. According to tradition, the two lines, the Agiads and Eurypontids, were descended from the twins Eurysthenes and Procles. These twins were said to be the descendants of Heracles, who conquered Sparta two generations after the Trojan War. The dynasties were named after the twins' grandsons, the kings Agis I and Eurypon. The Agiad line was regarded as being senior to the Eurypontid line.

Although there are lists of earlier Kings of Sparta, there is little evidence to show that any kings existed before the middle of the 6th century BC.

Legendary kings
Many kings of Sparta are described in Greek mythology.

Lelegids
 Lelex, a son of Poseidon or Helios
 Myles, a son of Lelex
 Eurotas, a son of Myles, father of Sparta
Lacedaemonids
 Lacedaemon, a son of Zeus, husband of Sparta
 Amyklas, a son of Lacedaemon. He founded Amyklai
 Argalus, a son of Amyklas
 Kynortas, a son of Amyklas
 Perieres, a son of Kynortas
 Oibalos, a son of Kynortas
 Tyndareos (First reign), a son of Oibalos and father of Helen
 Hippocoon, a son of Oibalos and brother of Tyndareos
 Tyndareos (Second reign)

Atreids
 Menelaus, a son of Atreus and husband of Helen — c. 1250 BC
 Orestes, a son of Agamemnon and nephew of Menelaus — c. 1200 BC
 Tisamenos, a son of Orestes
 Dion, husband of Iphitea, the daughter of Prognaus — c. 1200 BC

Heraclids
Heraclids

Agiad dynasty 
The dynasty was named after its second king, Agis.
 Eurysthenes ? – c. 930 BC
 Agis I c. 930 – c. 900 BC
 Echestratus c. 900 – c. 870 BC
 Labotas c. 870 – c. 840 BC
 Doryssus c. 840 – c. 820 BC
 Agesilaus I c. 820 – c. 790 BC
 Archelaus c. 790 – c. 760 BC
 Teleclus c. 760 – c. 758 BC
 Alcamenes c. 758 – c. 741 BC
 Polydorus c. 741 – c. 665 BC
 Eurycrates c. 665 – c. 640 BC
 Anaxander c. 640 – c. 615 BC
 Eurycratides c. 615 – c. 590 BC
 Leon c. 590 – 560 BC
 Anaxandridas II c. 560 – c. 520 BC
 Cleomenes I c. 520 – c. 490 BC
 Leonidas I c. 490 – 480 BC
 Pleistarchus 480 – c. 459 BC
 Pleistoanax c. 459 – 409 BC
 Pausanias 409–395 BC
 Agesipolis I 395–380 BC
 Cleombrotus I 380–371 BC
 Agesipolis II 371–369 BC
 Cleomenes II 369–309 BC
 Areus I 309–265 BC
 Acrotatus II 265–262 BC
 Areus II 262–254 BC
 Leonidas II 254–242 BC
 Cleombrotus II, 242–241 BC
 Leonidas II, 241–235 BC
 Cleomenes III 235–222 BC
Eurypontid dynasty 
The dynasty is named after its third king Eurypon. Not shown is Lycurgus, who served for a short time as regent either for the minor Charilaus (780–750 BC) or for Labotas (870–840 BC) the Agiad.
 Procles - c. 930 BC
 Soos ? - c. 890 BC
 Eurypon c. 890 – c. 860 BC
 Prytanis c. 860 – c. 830 BC
 Polydectes c. 830 – c. 800 BC
 Eunomus c. 800 – c. 780 BC
 Charilaus c.780 – c. 750 BC
 Nicander c. 750 – c. 725 BC
 Theopompus c. 725 – c. 675 BC
 Anaxandridas I c. 675 – c. 645 BC
 Zeuxidamus c. 645 – c. 625 BC
 Anaxidamus c. 625 – c. 600 BC
 Archidamus I c. 600 – c. 575 BC
 Agasicles c. 575 – c. 550 BC
 Ariston c. 550 – c. 515 BC
 Demaratus c. 515 – c. 491 BC
 Leotychidas c. 491 – 469 BC
 Archidamus II 469–427 BC
 Agis II 427–401/400 BC
 Agesilaus II 401/400–360 BC
 Archidamus III 360–338 BC
 Agis III 338–331 BC
 Eudamidas I 331 – c. 305 BC
 Archidamus IV c. 305 – c. 275 BC
 Eudamidas II c. 275 – c. 245 BC
 Agis IV c. 245 – 241 BC
 Eudamidas III 241–228 BC
 Archidamus V 228–227 BC
After Cleomenes III was defeated by Antigonus III Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League in the Battle of Sellasia, the Spartan kingship began to fail. Sparta was a republic from 221 to 219 BC. The dual monarchy was restored in 219 BC.

 Agesipolis III, 219–215 BC, the last Agiad, deposed by Lycurgus

 Lycurgus, 219–210 BC
 Pelops, 210–206 BC, son of Lycurgus and last king from either dynasty

Nabis, who was regent for Pelops, deposed Pelops and took the throne for himself. He claimed to be descended from the Eurypontid king Demaratus. He ruled from 206–192 BC. Laconicus was the last known king of Sparta. He took the throne in 192 BC. The Achaean League took control of Sparta in 192 BC.

References

Other websites
 Eurypontids and Agiads  by Jona Lendering

Lists of monarchs
Kings of Sparta
The University of Magallanes (UMAG) is a university in Punta Arenas, Chile.

Faculties 
 Faculty of Engineering
 Faculty of Sciences
 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences 
 Faculty of Economic Sciences and Juridical Sciences
 Faculty of Health Sciences
 Medical School

Other websites 

 Official Website 

Colleges and universities in Chile
1961 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Chile
Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. Shakespeare's source was The Patterne of Painefull Adventures (1576) by Lawrence Twine. Pericles, Prince of Tyre was probably first acted between 1608 and 1609.  It was probably first printed in quarto form in 1609.

References

Plays by William Shakespeare
1600s plays
Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. Shakespeare's source may be George Whetstone's Promos and Cassandra.  Measure for Measure may have been first acted on 24 December 1606. It was probably first printed in the First Folio of 1623.

References

Plays by William Shakespeare
1600s plays
Richard II is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a history play. Shakespeare's sources were probably Holinshed's Chronicles and The Civil Wars (1595) by Samuel Daniel. Richard II was probably first printed in 1597. It was first acted on 7 February 1601.

References

Plays by William Shakespeare
Plays based on English history
1590s plays
Henry V is a play by William Shakespeare. It is called a history play. Shakespeare's source was The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland by Raphael Holinshed. The play was probably first acted between 1598 and 1599. It was first printed in 1600. Laurence Olivier and Kenneth Branaugh have both made movies of the play.

References
  

Plays by William Shakespeare
Plays based on English history
1590s plays
Henry IV, Pt. 2 is a play by William Shakespeare.  It is a history play. Shakespeare's source was The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland by Raphael Holinshed. It was probably first acted on 3 March 1592. It was probably first printed in 1594.

References

Plays by William Shakespeare
Plays based on English history
1590s plays
The Taming of the Shrew is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. Shakespeare's source was Suppositi (1509) by Ludovico Ariosto. George Gascoigne's play Supposes (1566) may have also been used. The play was probably first acted between 1593 and was first printed in 1623 in the First Folio. The   musical, Kiss Me Kate, was based on the play. Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton made a movie of the play.

References

Plays by William Shakespeare
1590s plays
Timon of Athens is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a tragedy.  Shakespeare's source was probably The Misanthrope by Lucian. Timon was probably first acted between 1607-1608.  It was probably first printed in the First Folio of 1623.

References

Plays by William Shakespeare
1600s plays