Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The earliest established religion was Hinduism during the Cham Hindu Kingdom era. Later, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism spread. Today, these religions are grouped into the same religion known as the triple religion or Tam Giao, which has many followers. Later religions in Vietnam include Christianity and Islam. New religious movements include Hoa Hao Buddhism and Cao Dai. Hinduism is still practised by a small Cham minority who live mainly in central Vietnam.

Buddhism 

Among the religions in Vietnam, Buddhism has the most followers. According to the statistics of the Buddhist Church of Vietnam, 45 million people are taking refuge in the three jewels and about 12 million are just Buddhist making it about 57 million Buddhists. There are two main branches of Buddhism in Vietnam, Mahayana, and Theravada. Mahayana is more popular with the people while Theravada being more popular with the Khmer people.

References
Richard Wayne "Rich" Fields (born ca. 1960) is an American radio and television personality. He is currently a meterologist at television stations KABC-TV and KCAL-TV in Los Angeles, California. He is also a radio personality at the radio stations KRTH, KNX-AM, and KFWB in Los Angeles. He was born in Bay Ridge, Ohio, United States.

Career 
Fields is best known for being the announcer of the game show The Price is Right. He was announcer from 2004 to 2010. Before then, he was the announcer of lottery game show Flamingo Fortune from 1995 to 1999.  He was also a guest announcer on Wheel of Fortune in 2010 after the death of previous announcer Charlie O'Donnell.

References

Other websites
 Rich Fields' official website
 

American television personalities
American radio personalities
People from Ohio
1960 births
Living people
An outlaw motorcycle club  is a motorcycle club that is not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association and does not adhere to their rules. Such clubs are sometimes known as a motorcycle gangs or biker gangs. In the United States, outlaw motorcycle clubs sprang up after World War II. Members rode Harley-Davidson cruisers and choppers. Outlaw clubs celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture, and loyalty to the biker group. The clubs have their own sets of bylaws from which the values of the outlaw biker culture arise.

There are similar clubs in other countries.

References

Motorcycles
Gangs
Margaret Colin (born May 26, 1958) is an American actress. She works mostly on television. She played Margo Montgomery Hughes on the television series As the World Turns. She played Eleanor Waldorf-Rose in the television series Gossip Girl. Colin was born in Brooklyn, New York.

References

Actors from New York City
American television actors
1958 births
Living people
Dr Archie Barton, AM (March 1936 – 18 October 2008) was an Aboriginal Australian activist. He fought for land rights and compensation for the Maralinga Tjarutja people against the Australian and British governments in the 1980s and 1990s. He played an important role in the 20-year campaign of the Maralinga people regaining access to their land after the British nuclear weapons tests.

Early life
Barton was born in South Australia in March 1936; the exact date is unknown. He was born at a siding on the east-west Trans-Australian Railway line, about  east of Ooldea. His mother was a Pitjantjatjara woman from the Maralinga lands. It is not known who his father was, and Barton never knew him, but he is believed to have been a White railway worker. He was given the surname "Barton" because that was the name of the siding where he was born (Barton Siding). Archie spent his infancy in the care of his mother at Ooldea, which at the time was a mission station for Aboriginal people.
Maralinga
During the 1950s and 1960s, the British government tested nuclear weapons at the Woomera Test Range in central South Australia. The first two bombs were exploded at Emu Field, located to the north of Maralinga, in 1953. Major tests were done at Maralinga in 1956 and 1957, and multiple smaller tests were made up until 1963. Barton was still a young man at the time. Maralinga was Barton's mother's country, and remains the homeland of the Maralinga Tjarutja people. Most of the indigenous families living in these lands were forced to move out of the area before the major tests began. They were placed in Aboriginal missions and settlements built by the government.
The clean-up of the land was estimated to cost over AU$100 million. It took several years before the British offered an acceptable contribution, which was about £20 million. The clean-up was completed in 2000, but the test sites themselves will remain poisonous for many thousands of years.

Later life
Barton served as the administrator of the Maralinga Land Rights Council for 20 years (1985–2005). He was forced to resign the office in 2005, when it was discovered that he had stolen $230,000 of community money. His friends blamed old age and the stress of financial demands from his relatives. His reputation and position in the community was destroyed, and he became poor, unhealthy and an outcast. He lived in sheds in Whyalla and Port Augusta during this time. He was welcomed back into the community shortly before his death, but by that time he was already very weak.
Barton died on 18 October 2008, in Ceduna. He was buried at Oak Valley, the new settlement built near Maralinga when the traditional owners returned to their lands. He no children of his own, but looked after the children and grandchildren of his long-term partner Mary Harrison.

Recognition
Barton was awarded the South Australian Aboriginal of the Year in 1988, and was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1989. In 1996, he was given an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Adelaide.

In 2001, he became one of the founding members of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation. He served as a member of the National Indigenous Council from 2004 to 2005. He also served as a director of Imparja Television, the national Aboriginal broadcasting network.

References

Other websites
Archie Barton at the National Library of Australia
Speech by Archie Barton at the World Uranium Hearing in Salzburg 1992
1936 births
2008 deaths
Indigenous Australian activists
People from South Australia
Order of Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Fever is the eighth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It was released on 1 October 2001 by Parlophone Records. The album contains four singles, "Can't Get You Out of My Head", "In Your Eyes", "Love at First Sight", and "Come into My World".  "Come into My World" won Minogue won a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording, her first Grammy. Minogue embarked on her KylieFever2002 tour to promote the album.

Track listing

Other websites 
Fever on Kylie Minogue's official website 

2001 albums
Kylie Minogue albums
Dance-pop albums
Outlaw biker movie is a movie genre. Such movies are about motorcycle riding rebels. The characters are typically members of an outlaw motorcycle club. The first such movie was The Wild One (1954). Marlon Brando and Lee Marvin starred in this movie as rival biker gang leaders. Harvey Lembeck parodied Brando in the AIP "beach party" movies of the early 1960s starring Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon. 

Biker movies were aimed at teenage audiences and the drive-in crowd. The genre took off in the 1960s when the real world Hells Angels received much media attention.  Hollywood cranked out dozens of low-budget exploitation outlaw biker movies during this decade. Novelty movies of the genre featured all-female gangs, horror and zombie crossovers, and one featured a gay gang. The biker outlaw genre played itself out in the 1970s.

Movie genres
Pink Angels (or, The Pink Angels) is a 1971 outlaw biker movie. It is a comedy about gay bikers who head to Los Angeles to attend a drag ball. The movie stars John Alderman, Tom Basham, Bob Bihiller, Bruce Kimbal, Henry Olek, and Maurice Warfield as the bikers.  The 81-minute movie was directed by Larry G. Brown. The screenplay was written by Margaret McPherson.  Dan Haggerty of Grizzly Adams fame plays a straight biker.

The movie's world premier was held in Tempe, Arizona at the University Theaters.

1971 comedy movies
1970s LGBT movies
American comedy movies
American LGBT movies
English-language movies
Exploitation movies
Outlaw biker movies
Richard Karn (born February 17, 1956) is an American actor and game show host. He is best known for acting as Al Borland in the 1990s ABC sitcom Home Improvement, and for hosting Family Feud during the 2000s. He was born in Seattle, Washington.

Karn became host of Family Feud in September 2002. He left in 2006 and was replaced by John O'Hurley. He also hosted GSN's Bingo America in 2008. He replaced Patrick Duffy, who hosted the show for the first season.

References

Other websites
 

American television actors
American game show hosts
1956 births
Living people
Actors from Seattle
Psychomania (1973) is a British outlaw biker horror movie. It stars Nicky Henson as a devil-worshipping biker gang leader and Robert Hardy as the detective in charge of bringing him to justice.

Cast
 Nicky Henson ... Tom Latham
 Mary Larkin ... Abby Holman
 Robert Hardy ... Chief Inspector Hesseltine 
 Beryl Reid ... Mrs. Latham
 George Sanders ... Shadwell

Story
Tom Latham is an teen psychopath, and the leader of a violent teen motorcycle gang. The gang dabbles in black magic. They call themselves "The Living Dead". Tom's mother and her butler Shadwell get their kicks holding séances. With their help, Tom makes a pact with the devil to return from the dead.

Tom and his biker buddies commit suicide one by one with the goal of returning as one of the "undead". Not all succeed, but the ones who do return gather together at a secret place called "The Seven Witches" (a circle of standing stones). They continue to terrorize the locals.
Other websites
 
 
 
 http://www.britishhorrorfilms.co.uk/psychomania.shtml 
 http://www.spokerecords.co.uk/
 http://psychomania.bondle.co.uk

1973 adventure movies
1973 horror movies
British adventure movies
British horror movies
Outlaw biker movies
Exploitation movies
Movies directed by Don Sharp
Dan Haggerty (November 19, 1941 – January 15, 2016) was an American actor. He played  Grizzly Adams in the 1974 movie The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams and its television movie sequel The Capture of Grizzly Adams. Haggerty starred in an NBC "Grizzly Adams" television series which ran from 1977 to 1978. 

He appeared in the road movie Easy Rider, the outlaw biker comedy Pink Angels, and many other movies. Haggerty is a former animal trainer and stunt man. He was the animal handler for a Tarzan movie and the 1966 Tarzan television series. 

His many awards include a star on Hollywood Blvd. in 1994; the Dove Foundation's "Diamond Seal of Approval" for over 1 million family videos sold; the Harley-Davidson "Humanitarian of the Year" Award in 1986; "The People's Choice Award" for most popular actor in 1980; the Paul Harris Fellowship from the Rotary Foundation of Rotary International; and a star in Kanab, Utah - "Hollywood of the West" in 2009.
Haggerty died in Burbank, California from spinal cancer on January 15, 2016 at the age of 74.

References

Other websites

Dan Haggerty's Official Website 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Wisconsin
Deaths from spinal cancer
Cancer deaths in California
1942 births
2016 deaths
UFC 160: Velasquez vs. Bigfoot 2 was a mixed martial arts event held on May 25, 2013 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Background
The main fight was a rematch between current UFC Heavyweight Champion Cain Velasquez and Antonio Silva.  In their first fight at UFC 146 in 2012, Velasquez won with a first round TKO.

Alistair Overeem was going to face Junior dos Santos at the event.  However, in early March, Overeem pulled out of the bout because he had a leg injury.  It was then announced that the fight would take place in a future event, later in the summer of this year. Then, on March 9 it was announced that Dos Santos would still compete on the card and face Mark Hunt.

Ryan Bader was set to face Glover Teixeira at the event but he could not due to injury in March.  He was replaced by James Te Huna

Amir Sadollah was going to face Stephen Thompson at the event.  However, Sadollah pulled out of the bout citing an injury and  was replaced by Nah-Shon Burrell.
Gunnar Nelson was set to face Mike Pyle at the event.  However, Nelson pulled out of the bout citing an injury and was replaced by Rick Story.

Dana White said at the UFC on Fox 7 post-fight press conference that he thinks that the winner of the Gray Maynard/TJ Grant fight would get a UFC lightweight title shot against the cahampion Benson Henderson.

On the day of the weigh-in, one fight was changed to catchweight status as Khabib Nurmagomedov came in over the lightweight limit and gave up 20 percent of his purse.

Results

Bonus awards
The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses.

 Fight of the Night: Junior Dos Santos vs. Mark Hunt
 Knockout of the Night: TJ Grant' Submission of the Night:'' Glover Teixiera

References

Other websites 
Official UFC past events page 
UFC events results at Sherdog.com

Ultimate Fighting Championship events
2013 in mixed martial arts
2013 in the United States
21st century in Nevada
Glen or Glenda is a 1953 movie about a male transvestite. It was written and directed by Ed Wood. It stars Ed Wood as Glen and Glenda, and features Bela Lugosi and Wood's then-girlfriend Dolores Fuller.

The movie was inspired by the Christine Jorgensen's sex reassignment surgery in 1952. George Weiss was a Hollywood producer of low-budget films. He wanted a movie made to exploit the event. He made Jorgensen several offers to appear in the movie. These offers were turned down. 

This was the only movie Wood directed but did not also produce. Wood himself played the title character, but under the pseudonym "Daniel Davis". Lugosi is credited as "The Scientist". He acts as a sort of narrator but gives no narration relevant to the plot.
Cast
 Timothy Farrell as Narrator / Dr. Alton
 Ed Wood (credited as "Daniel Davis") as Glen/Glenda
 Dolores Fuller as Barbara
 Bela Lugosi as The Scientist
 Lyle Talbot as Inspector Warren
 "Tommy" Haynes as Alan/Anne
 Charles Crafts as Johnny
 Conrad Brooks as Banker / Reporter / Pickup artist / Bearded drag

Story
Glen is shown looking at women's clothes in a shop window. He reads about sex change operations in a newspaper. He meets with Barbara, his girlfriend. She asks if Glen's secret problem is another woman. A transvestite friend tells Glen how crossdressing ended his marriage. A dream sequence containing some BDSM scenes full of flagellation and bondage follows. Glen tells Barbara the truth. She offers Glen an Angora wool sweater as a sign of acceptance.

References

1953 movies
Movies directed by Ed Wood
Movies about dreams
La Soufrière (“The Sulfurer”) or Soufrière Saint Vincent is an active volcano on the island of Saint Vincent in the Windward Islands of the Caribbean.

Geography and structure
At , La Soufrière is the highest peak on Saint Vincent as well as the highest point in the island country of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

It is in the northern part of the island of Saint Vincent in the Saint David and Charlotte parishes. The mountain is surrounded by the towns of Wallibou and Chateaubelair to the southwest, Fancy to the north, Orange Hill and Georgetown to the southeast and the Richmond Peak and Mount Brisbane to the south.

Soufrière is an active composite volcano (or stratovolcano) with a lake in the crater and is the island's youngest and northernmost volcano. It has a main crater of 1.6 km in diameter, with the northeast edge cut by another smaller crater in 1812.
History
The first historical eruption of the volcano took place during 1718; it and the 1812 eruption produced major explosions. Much of the northern end of the island was devastated by a major eruption in 1902 that killed 1,680 people; this eruption was just hours before the eruption of Mount Pelée on Martinique.

Several volcanoes in the Caribbean are named Soufrière (French: "sulphur mine"). Two of them are Soufrière Hills on Montserrat and La Grande Soufrière on Guadeloupe.

On 9 April 2021, the volcano erupted causing over 20,000 to evacuate.

References

Other websites
 St. Vincent and The Grenadines: St. Vincent's Interior 
 The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre
 USGS/CVO West Indian Volcanoes
 Volcano Live: Soufrière St. Vincent Volcano
 Volcano World: Soufriere St. Vincent

Geography of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Volcanoes of North America
Dracula is a 1931 horror movie. It was directed by Tod Browning. It stars Bela Lugosi as the title vampire Count Dracula.  The movie was produced by Universal Pictures.

It is based on the 1924 stage play Dracula by Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston. This play in turn is based on the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker.

In 2000, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

References

1931 movies
1930s horror movies
Black-and-white movies
Dracula movies
Movies based on books
Movies based on plays
United States National Film Registry movies
Universal Pictures movies
American horror movies
The Violent Years is a 1956 American exploitation movie starring Jean Moorhead as Paula Parkins, the leader of a gang of juvenile delinquent high school girls.  Ed Wood, Jr., the director of Glen or Glenda and Plan 9 from Outer Space, wrote the screenplay. It was originally titled Teenage Girl Gang. Star Jean Moorhead was the Playboy Playmate for October 1955.

Cast
 Jean Moorhead as Paula Parkins
 Barbara Weeks as Jane Parkins
 Arthur Millan as Carl Parkins
 Theresa Hancock as Georgia
 Glen Corbett as Barney Stetson
 Joanne Cangi as Geraldine
 Gloria Farr as Phyllis
 Lee Constant as Sheila
 I. Stanford Jolley as Judge Clara
 Timothy Farrell as Lt. Holmes
 F. Chan McClure as Det. Artman
 Bruno Metsa as Manny
 Harry Keaton as Doctor

Story
Paula Parkins gets her kicks leading a gang of bored young women in criminal activities. The gang dresses in men's clothes, robs gas stations, and terrorizes couples in a local lovers' lane. Paula even rapes a young man.
Paula and her pals wreck a few classrooms in a public school. The police arrive and a deadly shootout takes place. Two members of Paula's gang are killed. Paula shoots and kills a policeman.

Paula is captured, convicted, and dies in the hospital giving birth to the child she conceived during the rape. Paula's parents are denied custody of their daughter's baby because they did a poor job of raising Paula.

Reviews
Patrick McKinnon writes, "There are some movies that shouldn't be watched alone or sober. This is one of them. It makes you want to go back in time and beat Ed Wood Jr. to death with one of his own angora sweaters."

Notes

References
 The Haunted World of Edward D. Wood, Jr. (1996), documentary film directed by Brett Thompson
 Rudolph Grey, Nightmare of Ecstasy: The Life and Art of Edward D. Wood, Jr. (1992)

Other websites 
 

1956 movies
American movies
English-language movies
Exploitation movies
Teen movies
Bride of the Monster is a 1956 sci-fi horror movie. It was produced and directed by Ed Wood. It was co-written by Wood and Alex Gordon. The movie opened in Hollywood in May 1955 with the title Bride of the Atom. A sequel titled Night of the Ghouls was completed in 1959. It was not released until 1987.

Cast
 Bela Lugosi as Dr. Vornoff, a scientist planning to use nuclear power to create an army of super-warriors who will conquer the world
 Tor Johnson as Lobo, Vornoff's assistant
 Loretta King as Janet Lawton, a newspaper reporter
 Tony McCoy as police Lt. Dick Craig, Lawton's boyfriend
 Paul Marco as police officer Kelton
 George Becwar as Professor Strowski, Vornoff's scientific colleague

Story
Dr. Vornoff and Lobo are experimenting with nuclear power in an old house. The house is guarded by a giant octopus living in a nearby swamp. The octopus has killed local people. Lawton arrives at the house to investigate (check it out). Vornoff keeps her a prisoner. Lt. Craig comes looking for Lawton.
Professor Strowski arrives to ask Vornoff to return to their homeland. Strowski is killed. Lobo accidentally turns Vornoff into an atomic-powered super-human being. A fire in the laboratory kills Lobo. Vornoff, Craig, Lawton, and the police escape the fire. A bolt of lightning kills Vornoff. It forms a mushroom cloud.

References

1956 movies
1950s science fiction movies
1950s horror movies
American science fiction horror movies
B-movies
Mad scientist movies
Monster movies
Movies about nuclear technology
Movies directed by Ed Wood
Blind Melon are an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California. The band is best known for their 1993 song "No Rain".

Blind Melon was formed in March 1990 by band members Rogers Stevens, Brad Smith and Shannon Hoon. They released their eponymous debut studio album Blind Melon in September 22, 1992. Their second album Soup was released on August 15, 1995. On October 21, 1995, Lead singer Shannon Hoon was found dead on the band's tour bus of a heart attack caused by a cocaine overdose. The band looked for a new singer after Hoon's death but broke up on March 4, 1999.

The band reunited on September 15, 2006 with new lead singer Travis Warren. They released their fourth studio album For My Friends on April 22, 2008. The band went on hiatus in 2009 and reunited again in 2010.
Band members 
Current
Rogers Stevens – lead guitar, piano, keyboards (1990–1999, 2006–present)
Brad Smith – bass, flute, backing vocals (1990–1999, 2006–present)
Christopher Thorn – rhythm guitar, steel guitar, mandolin, harmonica (1990–1999, 2006–present)
Glen Graham – drums, percussion (1990–1999, 2006–present)
Travis Warren – vocals, acoustic guitar (2006–2008, 2010–present)

Former
Shannon Hoon – vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica (1990–1995) (†)

Discography

Albums
Blind Melon (1992)
Soup (1995)
Live at the Palace (1996)
Nico (1996)
For My Friends (2008)

References

Other websites
Official website

1990 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Alternative rock bands
Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Kelli McCarty (born September 6, 1969) is an American model, actress and a former Miss USA. She played Beth Wallace in the television series Passions. She also appeared in softcore adult movies in her career.

McCarty was born in Liberal, Kansas.

References

Actors from Kansas
1969 births
Living people
Liberal is a city in southwest Kansas, close to the Oklahoma state border. In 2010, 20,525 people lived there. The city was founded in 1888 and incorporated in the same year.

Sources

Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Seward County, Kansas
1888 establishments in Kansas
The party policies were explained in a 12-point program. Many of these were to promote the interests of Western Australia as a member of the new Australian federation. This included keeping as much government revenue as possible. It also included items important to Western Australia such as coastal defence, and building a railway to the eastern states. It also wanted to introduce deciaml currency, and metric weights and measures.

References

Political parties in Western Australia
1906 establishments in Australia
Leicester Square (pronounced "Lester" Square) is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London in the City of Westminster. 

It about equal distances (about ) east of Piccadilly Circus,and west of Covent Garden. Nearby to the south is the much larger Trafalgar Square.

Prompted by the growth in tourism, Leicester Square was pedestrianised in the late 20th century. It is notable for its cinemas and nightclubs.

Entertainment

Major cinemas
Major cinemas 

Odeon Leicester Square, which dominates the east side of the square, had the first digital projector in Europe (1999), hosting most premieres with capacity for 1683 people, arranged in circle and stalls.
The adjacent Odeon Mezzanine has five smaller auditoria (capacities of 50–60 each).
Empire, on the north of the Square, is the next-largest cinema, with 1,330 seats in the main screen, as well as eight smaller screens, with 349, 96, 58, 49, 48, 42 and 23 seats. Eight of the screens are digital. The main screen and one smaller one can also play 3D films. Many premieres are hosted here.

Odeon West End, on the south side, contains two screens, which can seat 1,000 altogether. Screen 1 holds 400 people and Screen 2 holds 600. It is used for smaller premieres.
Vue, on the north side, near the north east corner, was previously the Warner Brothers Village, a multiplex that hosted only Warner Bros. film premieres. Together with the rest of the Warner Village chain, it was bought out by Vue in 2004.
Clubs, bars, restaurants 
Just off Leicester Square
Hippodrome, London
The Venue Leicester Square (West End theatre)

City of Westminster
Areas of London
Tropical Storm Matthew was a rather weak though costly tropical storm that happened in September 2010. Matthew was responsible for fewer than 130 deaths overall and nearly $2.6 billion in destruction. The storm carried maximum sustained winds of sixty miles per hour at his highest strength.

2010 Atlantic hurricane season
Atlantic tropical storms
September 2010 events
Deadly storms
École Centrale de Lille is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Lille (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Centralien de Lille (Centralien Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Masters Recherche & Doctorat (PhD doctorate studies )
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Course

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École Centrale de Lille.

Most of the 1500 graduate engineer students at École Centrale de Lille live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with 20,000 students from Lille University of Science and Technology.

History
École Centrale de Lille was founded as École des arts industriels et des mines de Lille in 1854, with support from scientists such as Frédéric Kuhlmann and Louis Pasteur. It succeeded to the municipal chairs of experimental physics, applied chemistry and mechanics that were established in 1817. It became a technical university in 1872 with the integration of the Institut industriel du Nord. Since mid 19th century, the Baccalauréat and completion of undergraduate studies have been a prerequisite for admission. The initial focus was on civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry and manufacturing engineering. Electrical engineering full courses were added in 1892, automobile design has been taught from 1899 onwards. More than 200 students graduated in year 1914. Aerodynamics studies started in 1930. A stress on automatic control and computers was initiated in 1957
. Later came courses and research in computer science (1957), supply chain management, materials science, micro-electronics, telecommunications, nanotechnologies (1994).
Since early 20th century, student admission has been based on a competitive exam after attending a French classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles or similar undergraduate studies.

It was originally in Lille central district. It then moved in 1968 in the modern campus of Lille University of Science and Technology, in the south-east suburb of Lille.

Admission 
Admission to the Centralien engineering Programme implemented at École Centrale de Lille is possible after two/three year scientific undergraduate studies and requires success to either: 
 an admission exam for Bachelors of Sciences : CASTing - Concours d'Admission sur Titre Ingénieur (2-year curriculum)
 a French nationwide selective exam with numerus clausus : concours Centrale-Supelec (3-year curriculum including at least 2 years in France)
 a selective application as per Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) double degrees procedures applicable in Europe (2+2-year curriculum, including 2 years in France)
The Centralien Programme typically lasts three years and results in a master's degree, augmented with international experience. Thus undergraduate studies + the Centralien Programme account for more than a cumulated 300 ECTS credits as applicable in the European education system.
 
However, graduate students enrolled in the TIME double degree procedure are required to spend two-years at École Centrale de Lille and spend two years in the TIME-partner institute for a total of four years resulting in a double master's degree.
Research labs 
Research activities at École Centrale de Lille relate to the following topics:
Automatic Control, Computer Science and Signal Processing (Laboratoire d'Automatique, Génie Informatique et Signal - LAGIS)
Mechanical engineering, fluid mechanics & civil engineering (Laboratoire de mécanique de Lille - LML)
Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics (Laboratoire d'électrotechnique et d'électronique de puissance de Lille - L2EP)
Electronics, Microelectronics, Nano-technologies (Institut d'électronique de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie - IEMN)
Chemical engineering, Catalysis and Solid Chemistry (Unité de catalyse et de chimie du solide de Lille - UCCS)
Systems Engineering & Manufacturing (Laboratoire de modélisation et de management des organisations - LM2O)
 Materials Science & Processing (Laboratoire des matériaux)
 Railways and urban transportation systems (IFSTTAR Railenium)

References

Further reading 

 Official website
Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1854 establishments in Europe
Lille
1850s establishments in France
Italian Union Movement ( - MUI) is a political party in Italy.

It was founded in 2010 by Stefano Bandecchi.

References

Other websites 
 Official party site  

Political parties in Italy
2010 establishments in Europe
2010s establishments in Italy
Germany's Next Topmodel, Cycle 8 is the eighth and current season of Germany's Next Topmodel. This cycle includes 20 contestants. The winner was 16-year old Lovelyn Enebechi.

Contestants

Prizes
 A modeling contract with OneEins Models
 A spread & cover in Cosmopolitan
 An Opel Adams

Episodes
Episode 1
casting episode

Episode 2
Eliminated: Lisa-Guilia Wendt & Michelle Maas 

Episode 3
Quit: Bingyang Liu & Höpke Voss
Bottom Two: Leandra Martin & Leonie Marwitz
Eliminated: Leandra Martin

Episode 4
Quit: Sophie Jungblut
Bottom Four: Anna Seebrecht, Christine Gischler, Janna Wiese & Maike van Grieken
Eliminated: Anna Seebrecht

Episode 5
Bottom Five: Christine Gischler, Janna Wiese, Jessika Weidner, Lovelyn Enebechi & Sabrina Elsner
Eliminated: Jessika Weidner

Episode 6
Eliminated: Janna Wiese

Episode 7
Bottom Two: Jacqueline Thiessen & Veronika Maria Weddeling
Eliminated: Veronika Maria Weddeling

Episode 8
Bottom Two: Jacqueline Thiessen & Leonie Marwitz
Eliminated: To be continued
Episode 9
First Eliminated: Jacqueline Thiessen
Second Eliminated: Leonie Marwitz

Episode 10
Bottom Two: Carolin Sünderhauf & Marie Czuczman
Eliminated: Carolin Sünderhauf

Episode 11
Bottom Two: Anna Maria Damm & Christine Gischler
Eliminated: Christine Gischler

Episode 12
Bottom Two: Maike van Grieken & Marie Czuczman
Eliminated: Marie Czuczman

Episode 13
First Eliminated: Anna Maria Damm
Bottom Two: Maike van Grieken & Sabrina Elsner
Eliminated: None

Episode 14
First Bottom Two: Maike van Grieken & Sabrina Elsner
First Eliminated: Sabrina Elsner
Second Bottom Two: Lovelyn Enebechi & Luise Will
Second Eliminated: Luise Will
Runner-up: Maike van Grieken
Winner: Lovelyn Enebechi

2013 in television
German television

Top Model television series
2013 television seasons
In Big Bang cosmology, the observable universe is what, in theory, can be seen from Earth. That is light, or other signals, which has had time to reach the Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion. The observable universe is a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer, regardless of the shape of the universe as a whole. Every place in the universe has its own observable universe, which may or may not overlap with the one centered on Earth.

The word observable does not depend on whether modern technology actually allows detection of radiation from an object in this region. It simply means that it is possible in principle for light or other signals from the object to reach an observer on Earth. In practice, there is much that we cannot see. We can see light only from as far back as when particles were first able to emit photons that were not quickly re-absorbed by other particles. Before then, the universe was filled with a plasma that was opaque to photons.
Sometimes astrophysicists distinguish between the visible universe, which includes only signals emitted since recombination—and the observable universe, which includes signals since the beginning of the cosmological expansion (that is, the end of the inflationary epoch in modern cosmology). The radius of the visible universe, is about 14.0 billion parsecs (about 45.7 billion light years), while the comoving distance to the edge of the observable universe is about 14.3 billion parsecs (about 46.6 billion light years), about 2% larger.
The best estimate of the age of the universe as of 2013 is 13.798 ± 0.037 billion years. Due to the expansion of the universe humans are observing objects that were originally much closer but are now considerably farther away (as defined in terms of cosmological proper distance, which is equal to the comoving distance at the present time) than a static 13.8 billion light-years distance. The diameter of the observable universe is estimated at about 28 billion parsecs (93 billion light-years), putting the edge of the observable universe at about 46–47 billion light-years away.

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Universe
Cosmology
The Brezhnev Doctrine was a policy promoted in 1968 by Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.  It said that the Soviet Union had the right to use military force to maintain the strict rule of the Communist Party in nearby socialist countries.  The Brezhnev Doctrine was used to justify the invasion of Czechoslovakia, earlier in 1968 after Alexander Dubček introduced political reforms there.  The principles of the doctrine were so broad that the Soviets used it to justify intervention in the non-Warsaw Pact nation of Afghanistan in 1979, starting the Soviet war in Afghanistan.  The Brezhnev Doctrine stayed in effect until it was ended with the Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981. 

History of the Soviet Union
Communism
1968 establishments
1989 disestablishments
20th-century establishments in the Soviet Union
Disestablishments in the Soviet Union
The Comédie-Française or Théâtre-Français is one of the few state theatres in France. It is the only state theatre to have its own company of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu. The theatre is part of the Palais-Royal complex at 2 rue de Richelieu on the Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République and La maison de Molière (English: House of Molière). It inherited the latter name from the troupe of the best-known playwright associated with the Comédie-Française, Molière. He was considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before “La maison de Molière” was rechristened the “Comédie-Française,” and the company continued to be known popularly by the former name long after the official change of name.

The Comédie-Française today has a repertoire of 3,000 works and three theatre locations in Paris (salle Richelieu;  théâtre du Vieux-Colombier; Studio-Théâtre)

References 

Theatres in Paris
Jim Thornton (born April 21, 1965) is an American radio and television personality. He is currently an afternoon anchor on all-news radio station KNX 1070 in Los Angeles, California.  He is also the announcer on television game show Wheel of Fortune. He was born in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.

Thornton became announcer of Wheel of Fortune in September 2011. He auditioned for the role in December 2010 after previous announcer Charlie O'Donnell's death. He was confirmed as the show's new announcer on June 13, 2011. He was also a guest announcer on The Price is Right after previous announcer Rod Roddy's death in 2003.

References

Other websites
 

American radio personalities
American television personalities
People from Huntington, West Virginia
1965 births
Living people
Col. William Brewster III (1566 – April 10, 1644) was an English official who was a passenger on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a religious leader both in Europe and in Plymouth Colony. He was also one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact. 

William Brewster III was the son of Capt. William Brewster, Jr. (1533-1622) and Mary Smythe Simkinson (1537-1655), Capt. William Brewster, Jr. was the son of Col. William Brewster, Sr. (1500-1616) and Maud Mann (1506-1619), William III lived in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England.

Brewster studied at Peterhouse, Cambridge. Cambridge was a university where many people wanted to change the Church of England. People who agreed with this started different religions.  They were called Separatists. In England, Separatists were put into jail.
Brewster worked for a time for William Davison in the Netherlands.  Davison went to jail because he was a Separatist. When Davison went to jail, Brewster went back home to Scrooby for a time.  He became a postmaster. Brewster began a Separatist church in his house. In 1607, He also went to jail for a short time for doing this in.  Brewster and other members of the Church decided to move to Netherlands in 1608. They hoped that would be able to practice their religion there. To leave England without permission was illegal, so they left in secret. In 1609, he was chosen as the leader of the congregation.
In Leiden, Brewster taught English. In 1616 he was a printer and made religious books for sale in England. In 1619, Brewster and Edward Winslow published a religious booklet which disagreed with King James I and the Church of England. The King ordered Brewster's arrest. He was forced to hide. The printing press was taken by the English ambassador and Brewster's partner was arrested.  The congregation had already decided to leave Leiden for the New World. While Brewster was in hiding, the other members of the church looked to others such as John Carver and Robert Cushman to make the plans. Brewster escaped and, with the help of Cushman, he and Cushman were able to get aboard the Mayflower with their friends. His wife and two of his sons, Love and Wrestling, were also passengers.

The Mayflower voyage and the New World
The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. William Brewster, the only college-educated Pilgrim, most likely wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. 

Brewster became the senior religious leader at Plymouth Colony. He also served as an advisor to Governor William Bradford.

The Brewster and his wife Mary had six children: Jonathan, Patience, Fear, who married Isaac Allerton, Unnamed child, Love Brewster, and Wrestling Brewster

Brewster's son Jonathan, arrived the next year on the ship Fortune. Brewster's daughters Patience and Fear arrived aboard the Anne.

Brewster was given land on the islands of Boston Harbor. Four of those islands are named after him. In 1632, Brewster also received lands in nearby Duxbury and moved there from Plymouth Colony to build a farm.
An epidemic killed many English and Indians in the region. William Brewster lost two daughters, Fear and Patience in 1634.

William Brewster died and was buried on 10 April 1644 at Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts. There is a memorial for him which says it is in honor of "Elder William Brewster Patriarch (father) of the Pilgrims and their Ruling Elder 1609–1644". The burial place of his wife Mary is unknown.

References 

1566 births
1644 deaths
Mayflower passengers
The civil rights movements was a series of worldwide political movements for equal civil and political rights. Many times in history, people have used nonviolence to show that they are equal without hurting anybody. Other times were more violent with people who began to rebel against others. Many of these movements did not fully achieve their goals. However, many of them helped make steps toward equality.

The main goal of the civil rights movements is that all people's rights are equally protected by the law, including the rights of minorities. Civil rights movements are different from each country. The LGBT rights movement, Women's rights movement, and many racial minority rights movements are still continuing to fight for equal rights.

Africa

Angola 
The Angolan War of Independence was fought from 1961 to 1975.  Angola fought against Portugal. Portugal was making people in Angola farm cotton. Three different groups in Angola were against Portugal. Millions of people died during the war.
Guinea 
Before 1974, the Portuguese Empire also controlled Portuguese Guinea.  From 1963-1974, in the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence, the people in Guina fought for their independence.  In 1974 they won, and formed the independent country of Guinea-Bissau.

Mozambique 
The Mozambican War of Independence was fought from 1964 until 1975.  It was fought between Portugal, which controlled Mozambique; and the Mozambique Liberation Front or Frelimo (). The Portuguese won the conflict, using guerilla soldiers. However, because of a coup d'état in Portugal, Mozambique became independent on June 25, 1975.
Ireland 
In Northern Ireland, the Campaign for Social Justice was formed in Belfast in 1964. Next the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) was formed. These groups wanted to:
 Repeal Special Powers Acts of 1922, 1933, and 1943
 End B Specials police force
 End gerrymandering of local elections
 End discrimination in housing and government jobs
These demands for reform caused a backlash by some in the unionist majority. This caused The Troubles to start.  The Troubles were a civil war that lasted for more than 30 years.

The NICRA used the same methods used by the American Civil Rights Movement: nonviolent marches, pickets, sit-ins, and protests. The first civil rights march in Northern Ireland was held on 24 August 1968 between Coalisland and Dungannon.

United States

Segregation

Segregation was an attempt by white Southerners to separate the races. They did this to strengthen white pride and to be more powerful over African Americans. Segregation was often called the Jim Crow system.
Segregation became common in Southern states after the end of Reconstruction in 1877. Reconstruction followed the Civil War (1861-1865).  During Reconstruction, Republican governments in the Southern states were run by black people. The Reconstruction governments had passed laws opening up economic and political opportunities for black people. However, by 1877, the Democratic Party had gained control of government in the Southern states. These Southern Democrats wanted to reverse black advances made during Reconstruction. To that end, they began to pass local and state laws that said certain places were "For Whites Only" and others for "Colored". Black people had separate schools, transportation, restaurants, hospitals, and parks. Usually, they were not as good as the white-only places.  Over the next 75 years, Jim Crow signs went up to separate the races in every possible place.
The system of segregation also included not letting African-Americans vote (this is called disfranchisement). Between 1890 and 1910, all Southern states passed laws that made it difficult or impossible for black people to vote. For example, some laws said a person had to be able to read and write in order to vote.  A lot of black people had no access to education and property ownership. Because black people could not vote, they were powerless to prevent whites from segregating all aspects of Southern life. They could do little to stop discrimination in public places, education, economic opportunities, or housing.
Conditions for black people in Northern states were somewhat better. Black people were usually free to vote in the North, but there were so few of them that their voices were barely heard. Segregated facilities were not as common in the North. Black people were usually denied entrance to the best hotels and restaurants. Schools in New England were usually integrated (with black and white students together). However, those in the Midwest generally were not.

Montgomery Bus Boycott
In addition to his large following among blacks, King had a powerful appeal to liberal Northerners that helped him influence national public opinion. His advocacy of nonviolence attracted supporters among peace activists. He formed alliances in the American Jewish community. He also developed supporters from the ministers of wealthy, influential Protestant congregations in Northern cities. King often preached to those congregations, where he raised funds for SCLC.

Chicano Movement 
The Chicano Movement is a political, social, and cultural movement by Mexican Americans. The Chicano Movement addresses negative ethnic stereotypes of Mexican people in the media and by Americans. People such as Tiburcio Vasquez and Joaquin Murietta became folk heros to Mexican Americans. They refused to obey White Americans.
American Indian Movement 
The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a Native American activist organization in the United States. It was founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The organization was formed to stop issues concerning the Native American urban community in Minneapolis. They wanted to stop poverty, housing, treaty issues, and police harassment.

Gender equality 

The first feminism equality issues was suffrage rights. This led women to get the right to vote. The second feminist issue involved economic equality (for example, getting paid the same as men if they did exactly the same kind of work).

Lesbians are also part of women's rights. The lesbian feminist groups, such as the Lavender Menace, are a lesbian activism group.

LGBT rights and gay liberation
People who oppose gay rights in the United States have been political and religious conservatives. These people cite a number of Bible passages from the Old and New Testaments as their reason. The most opposition of gay rights are in the South and other states with a large rural population. Many organizations have opposed the gay rights movement. These include the American Family Association,
the Christian Coalition, Family Research Council, Focus on the Family, Save Our Children, NARTH, the national Republican Party, the Roman Catholic Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church),
the Southern Baptist Convention,  Alliance for Marriage, Alliance Defense Fund, Liberty Counsel, and the National Organization for Marriage. A number of these groups have been named as anti-gay hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
Germany 
The Civil Rights Movements in Germany was a left-wing backlash against the post-Nazi Party era of the country. The movement took place mostly among disillusioned students and was largely a protest movement to others around the globe during the late 1960s.

France 
A general strike broke out across France in May 1968. It became a revolutionary problem. It was discouraged by the French Communist Party. It was finally suppressed by the government, which accused the communists of plotting against the Republic. Some philosophers and historians have argued that the rebellion was the single most important revolutionary event of the 20th century because it wasn't participated in by a lone demographic, such as workers or racial monorities, but was rather a purely popular uprising, superseding ethnic, cultural, age and class boundaries.

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