Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Walter David Ehlers (May 7, 1921 – February 20, 2014) was a former United States Army soldier. Ehlers received the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II.

Ehlers was the last living Medal of Honor recipient who fought at Omaha Beach on D-Day.

Ehlers was born on May 7, 1921 in Junction City, Kansas. He joined the Army in October 1940.

Ehlers' brother Roland died at Omaha Beach when his landing craft was hit by a mortar shell. Ehlers appeared in the 1955 movie The Long Gray Line, starring Tyrone Power.

Ehlers lived in Orange County, California. He died on February 20, 2014 of kidney failure in Long Beach, California. He was 92 years old.

References

Other websites

Interview at the Pritzker Military Library on December 5, 2007
Interview  at the Pritzker Military Library on July 21, 2011 

1921 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Military people from Kansas
The Exorcist is a 1973 American supernatural horror movie directed by William Friedkin. It is based on the 1971 book by William Peter Blatty and is also based on the true events by 1949 exorcism case of Ronald Doe. It stars Max von Sydow, Ellen Burstyn, and Linda Blair with William O'Malley. It was released to positive reviews on December 26, 1973. The Film is rated R

1973 horror movies
1970s supernatural movies
American horror movies
American supernatural movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by William Friedkin
Religious horror movies
Kenneth Stanley "Bud" Adams, Jr. (January 3, 1923 – October 21, 2013) was an American businessman. He owned the Tennessee Titans. He was chairman and CEO of Adams Resources & Energy Inc., a wholesale supplier of oil and natural gas. Adams was not a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Adams was born was on January 3, 1923 in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. He studied at Culver Military Academy, at Menlo College, and at the University of Kansas.

Adams married Neville Adams from 1947 until her death in 2009. They had two daughters and one son. Adams died on October 21, 2013 in Houston, Texas from natural causes, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 Tennessee Titans profile 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Businesspeople from Oklahoma
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
Georges Descrières (15 April 1930 – 19 October 2013) was a French actor. He appeared in 52 movies and television shows between 1954 and 1996. He starred alongside Anna Karina in the 1962 movie Sun in Your Eyes and portrayed the gentleman-burglar titular character in the internationally successful TV series Arsène Lupin.

He was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Honour in January 2004 and appointed Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit in May 2011.

Descrières died of cancer in Cannes, France on 19 October 2013, aged 83.

Some movies
 The Three Musketeers (1961)
 Tonight or Never (1961)
 Sun in Your Eyes (1962)
 Two for the Road (1967)
 A Flea in Her Ear (1968)
 Mon Curé Chez les Nudistes (1982)

References

Other websites

1930 births
2013 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
French voice actors
Actors from Bordeaux
2 Live Crew is a hip hop group from Miami, Florida. The group became known for obscenity, dirty rap lyrics and serious controversy. The group was established in 1984. They officially broke up in 1998 and reunited about 10 years later. Their studio album As Nasty as They Wanna Be caused major uproars. Several songs from the album, in particular, had very sexual lyrics.

1985 establishments in the United States
1998 disestablishments in the United States
Controversies in the United States
Hip hop bands
Musical groups disestablished in 1998
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups from Miami
1980s establishments in Florida
Obscenity controversies
Nina Davuluri (born April 20, 1989) is the Miss America for 2014. She is the first Indian-American to become a Miss America and to be Miss New York. Shortly after the crowning, Davuluri went through some controversy and backlash generated by social media. Davaluri was born in Syracuse, New York.

References

Miss America winners
1989 births
Living people
Nonviolence advocates
People from Syracuse, New York
John Wayne "Jack" Norris (born August 5, 1942) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

Career
In the NHL, Norris played 23 games for the Boston Bruins, 10 games for the Chicago Black Hawks and 25 games for the Los Angeles Kings. He spent most of his playing career in the minor leagues. He played 2 seasons for the Alberta/Edmonton Oilers and 2 seasons with the Phoenix Roadrunners of the World Hockey Association before retiring after the 1975-76 WHA season.

Other websites 

1942 births
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Montreal Voyageurs players
American Hockey League players
The Apprentice is an British reality television program. A group of young entrepreneurs compete to win an investment from multi-millionaire businessman Alan Sugar.  

For twelve weeks, the contestants are split into two teams and must complete business-related tasks. At the end of each task, Sugar and his two assistants, Karren Brady and Claude Littner, "fire" a person from the losing team. Eventually, only one contestant remains and they win the investment. 

In the first few years of the show, the prize was a job at one of Sugar's companies. In season 7, they changed the prize to a business investment.

Alan Sugar is the chairman of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. and is worth billions of pounds. Brady had a rich upbringing and is known as the "first woman of football".

Overview

Other websites 

2004 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
British reality television series
UK
English-language television programs
Adam Munro (born November 12, 1982) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender that currently plays for HC TWK Innsbruck of the EBEL.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Munro played 4 years with the Erie Otters and 1 season with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the OHL.

He was drafted with the 29th overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry draft by the Chicago Blackhawks. He played 17 games with the Blackhawks and spent most of his time with their-then AHL affiliate team, Norfolk Admirals.

In 2006, Munro was signed as a free agent by HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League A. He played a season with them and returned to North America to play for the Columbus Blue Jackets' AHL affiliate, Syracuse Crunch. He played 25 games for them and then played for the Toronto Maple Leafs' AHL affiliate, Toronto Marlies. After playing 40 games with the Marlies between two seasons, Munro left North America again to play for HC Sibir Novosibirsk of the KHL.
Munro would play 4 games in the KHL and 1 season in the Elite.A with SG Cortina before heading to the EBEL. In the EBEL, he has also played 2 seasons with Alba Volán Székesfehérvár.

Other websites 

1982 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Norfolk Admirals players
Syracuse Crunch players
Toronto Marlies players
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
Ontario Hockey League players
Nehemiah Grew (26 September 164125 March 1712) was an English plant anatomist and physiologist,  the "Father of Plant Anatomy".

Grew graduated from Pembroke College, Cambridge in 1661, and ten years later took the degree of M.D. at Leiden University. 

He began work on the anatomy of plants in 1664, and in 1670 his essay, The Anatomy of Vegetables begun, was communicated to the Royal Society. The following year he was elected a Fellow. In 1672, when the essay was published, he settled in London, and soon acquired an extensive practice as a physician. 

In 1673 he published his Idea of a Phytological History, which consisted of papers he had communicated to the Royal Society in the preceding year, and in 1677 he succeeded Henry Oldenburg as Secretary of the Royal Society. He edited the Philosophical Transactions in 1678-1679, and in 1681 he published by request a descriptive catalogue of the rarities preserved at Gresham College.
In 1682 appeared his great work on the Anatomy of Plants, which also was largely a collection of previous publications. It was illustrated with eighty-two plates, with an appendix of seven papers mostly of a chemical character. The Anatomy is especially notable for its descriptions of plant structure. He described nearly all the key differences of morphology of stem and root, showed that the flowers of the Asteraceae are built of multiple units, and correctly said that stamens are male organs. Anatomy of Plants also contains the first known microscopic description of pollen.

Much of Grew's pioneering work with the microscope was done at the same time as that of Marcello Malpighi. The two reportedly borrowed freely from one another. Grew's work on pollen was more extensive than that of Malpighi. It led to the discovery that size and shape is different between species, whereas pollen grains within a species are all alike. This discovery is central to the field of micropaleontology.

References
References 

1641 births
1712 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
English botanists
English biologists
British physiologists
Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858), was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. In 1833 he became Professor of physiology at the University of Berlin.

In the later part of his life he chiefly devoted himself to comparative anatomy. Fishes and marine invertebrates were his favourite subjects. He took 19 trips to the Baltic and North Sea, the Adriatic and the Mediterranean to investigate salt-water life.

He authored a comprehensive work on the anatomy of amphibians, which in his era including reptiles. Also, he described several new species of snakes.

Müller mentored some distinguished physiologists and biologists, including Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Theodor Schwann, Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, Carl Ludwig and Ernst Haeckel. In 1834, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1854.
Books 
 Müller, Johannes 1837–1840. Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen (Human physiology), 3rd ed. 2 vols. Coblenz: Hölscher.
 Müller, Johannes 1838. Ueber den feinern Bau und die Formen der krankhaften Geschwülste (On the structural details of malignant tumors). Berlin: G. Reimer, unfinished – a pioneering use of microscopical research in the investigation of pathological anatomy.

1801 births
1858 deaths
People from Koblenz
German anatomists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
German Roman Catholics
German doctors
People from Rhineland-Palatinate
People who committed suicide
German physiologists
Ichthyologists
The Sobolev space is a function space in mathematics. The space is very useful to look at for partial differential equation.
The spaces may be characterized by smooth functions. It is used by mathematicians. There is a strong relation between Soblev space and Besov space.  

Sobolev spaces are named for the Russian mathematician Sergei Sobolev in the 1930s. His space has many uses, but usually are for understanding the solutions of ordinal differential equations and partial differential equations. According to the applications above, there were questions on how to characterize the space using classical functions. These questions were answered in 1964, by Meyers and Serrin.
Introduction and definition 
Meyers and Serrin's theorem is well known for how to characterize to Sobolev spaces by collection of functions can classical derivative up to given oder same as order of distributional derivative of the Sobolev space. In this section, we shall first recall that definition of Sobolev spaces and set to several preliminaries as follows.

 
Here, Ω is an open set in ℝn and 1 ≤ p ≤ +∞.  The natural number m is called the order of the Sobolev space Wk,p(Ω).

example

Basic result

History

Application

Generalization

Calculus
The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a research organization in India. It is for studies in mathematics and science. It is located in Mumbai.

TIFR was started by Jenhangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata. It is now government funded. This institute has various departments like physics, chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. One of its founding members was physicist Homi Bhabha. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Sri Jawaharlal Nehru. Professors in this organization are recruited from institutes including the Illinois Institute of Technology.

References 

Research organizations in Asia
Mumbai
1945 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in India
Organizations based in India
Mojo! is a video game created by FarSight Studios. It is owned by Crave Entertainment. It is made to be played on the PlayStation 2. The player controls a marble through a series of traps in order to break all of the coloured blocks in a stage. The player must finish the stage within a set time. There are 100 stages.

PlayStation 2 games
2003 video games
The 1556 Shaanxi earthquake was a very bad earthquake that occurred on the morning of 23 January 1556 in Shaanxi, during the Ming Dynasty. It killed around 830,000 people, making it the worst earthquake in human history by number of deaths. 

More than 97 counties in the provinces of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Anhui were affected. The earthquake destroyed a  area. In some counties, 60% of the population was killed. It had a magnitude of around 8.0.

At the time, many people in that area lived in homes they made from artificial caves. Loess, the material that made these caves, is known to be very weak and can cause landslides. Scholars believe that is why so many people had died.

References

Other websites
 Ruins of Hua County Earthquake 

1556
Earthquakes in China
Gansu
Shaanxi
16th century in Asia
History of China
Articles on pre-1900 earthquakes
Naturopathy is a form of alternative medicine. It is based on the belief that a special energy called "vital energy" guides bodily functions such as metabolism, reproduction and growth. Naturopaths use various froms of treament, such as herbal medicine and massaging with a holistic view. They generally avoid the use of surgery and synthetic drugs. In Naturopathy, evidence-based medicine is thought of as being only part of the evidence. Taken as a whole, naturopathy is an ideologic system, not a scientific one.  

The term naturopathy comes from Greek and Latin, meaning "natural therapy". Modern naturopathy developed from the Natural Cure movement in Europe.

Related pages
 Osteopathy

References

https://www.myblogguru.com/2021/08/be-success-in-life-choose-natural.html  

Council on Naturopathic Medical Education
Pseudoscience

Medical specialties
Oscar Armando Yanes González (25 April 1927 – 21 October 2013) was a Venezuelan journalist and bestselling author. Yanes is considered to be a pioneer in Venezuela's broadcast journalism department.

He was awarded three times with the National Prize for Journalism. In 1992, he won the Silver Book Prize, awarded by Planeta Publishing, for the largest book circulation of the year.

Biography 
Yanes was born on 25 April 1927 in Caracas, Venezuela. As a child, he attended the Zamora School, in San Juan Parish. The idol of the parish was the boxer Armando Best. Pompeyo Márquez and Eloy Torres also studied at that school. Both were boxers who were going to end up as communist leaders.
Later, Yanes went to the University and studied as a journalist after he had seen a notice from the newspaper. He entered the first school of journalism that existed in Venezuela, at the Free University "Augusteo", which had been founded in October 1941 by Monsignor Rafael Lovera under General Isaiah Medina Angarita. Press freedom was given by Angarita and allowed the circulation of three newspapers that made history: Últimas Noticias, El Nacional and El Morrocoy Blue. Yanes signed up for the founding squad of Últimas Noticias and stayed there for a few years.[1]

At age 25, he assumed the direction of the newspaper La Esfera. Ramón David León, who gave him the chance at 13 of getting to know the world of journalism, gave him his office and his position 12 years later, when he decided to sell the newspaper to Miguel Ángel Capriles.
Leading the team of Venevisión, a Venezuelan network, Yanes was sent in 1966 to Vietnam as a war correspondent and press officer. For two months, he made six reports that were distributed throughout Latin America: "The War on the Sea" (la guerra en el mar), "The War in the Air" (la guerra en el aire), "The War in the Jungle" (la guerra en la selva), "The Vietcong, "The Religion "(la religion) and "The Vietnamese Woman" (la mujer vietnamita).

He stood out as professor of the first class of the School of Social Communication of the Central University of Venezuela (Universidad Central de Venezuela) and taught a class in the Andrés Bello Catholic University (Universidad Catolica Andres Bello) of Caracas.[2]
He won on three occasions the National Prize for Journalism, the Monseñor Pellín Prize and the First Prize of the Association of Writers of Venezuela in the contest of biographies of famous Venezuelans, for his work "Carlos J. Bello, the Forgotten Sage." He also won the Silver Book Award in 1992, which is awarded by Editorial Planeta for the book with the highest circulation of the year.

Considered one of the pioneers in real-time television journalism, with particular interviews confronting many in front of the cameras, he became famous for his television programs.

Yanes was famous for his tales about contemporary history in the television program Así son las Cosas (The Way Things Are). In the late 1940s, he received first prize from the Venezuelan Association of Writers for his book Carlos J. Bello, el Sabio Olvidado.(Carlos J. Bello, the Forgotten Wise Man). In 1992, he won the Silver Book Prize awarded by Planeta Publishing, for the largest book circulation of the year.[3]
He died on 21 October 2013 in Caracas from pneumonia, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Venezuela
People from Caracas
Venezuelan writers
The divine right of kings, was a political and religious doctrine. It meant that a monarch was given the right to rule by God alone. His authority could not be questioned because he ruled in God's name. It gave a king absolute rule over his subjects.

Beginnings

Pharaohs and some other ancient Kings were thought to actually be gods or descendants of gods. That concept went away when monotheism spread. A medieval principle held that God gave the right in to rule in secular matters to political rulers. God gave the right to rule over spiritual matters to the Pope as head of the Church. This has been called the 'doctrine of the two swords'. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the Holy Roman Emperor. From that time on the Emperor was the secular power while the Pope was the spiritual power. This concept began to break down prior to the First Crusade. Rather than have the Emperor provide the manpower for the crusade, the Pope called on the nobility of Europe directly.

Rise and fall
Rise and fall

In England, Henry VIII broke free of the Catholic church and the authority of the Pope. By the Acts of Supremacy in 1534 Henry was both king and "Supreme Head" of the Church of England. Following the Protestant Reformation the theory of divine right gave the king absolute authority as God's representative on earth in both political and spiritual matters. It made him accountable to no one but God. James I of England in his speech to Parliament in 1609 said:

In France the theory had been considered from the 13th century. Although France remained Catholic, her kings gradually pulled away from papal rule. By the 16th century the king replaced the pope as supreme authority over the French church. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89 the divine rights theory was no longer popular in England. In France, kings including Louis XIV of France (1643–1715) continued the divine rights doctrine. That was until the French revolution in 1789. By the 19th century it no longer had any credibility.
China 
The Chinese culture had a similar but older concept called the 'Mandate of Heaven'.  A good ruler had the blessings of heaven.  But one who ruled badly would cause the mandate to be removed.  When the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949, they claimed the Mandate of Heaven from the people.

References

Other page
Theocracy

Other websites

 J.P. Sommerville, Divine Right of Kings, University of Wisconsin 
 Divine Right of Kings, Spartacus Educational 

Monarchy
Political systems
Religious ethics
Alfred Ernest Moore (December 1, 1904 – June 29, 1979) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender.

Moore played 20 games in the NHL for the New York Americans. Moore is known for replacing Mike Karakas in the Chicago Black Hawks net in game one of the 1938 Stanley Cup Finals because replacement goaltender Paul Goodman did not arrive in Toronto on time.

He spent the end of his career in the AHL, playing for the Cleveland Barons, New Haven Eagles, Springfield Indians, Buffalo Bisons and Philadelphia Rockets. In 1941, Moore retired from playing professional ice hockey. In 1949, he became the head coach of the Galt Black Hawks of the Ontario Hockey Association which he coached for 1 season. He died in 1984.

Other websites
Other websites 

1904 births
1979 deaths
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Indianapolis Capitals players
New Haven Eagles players
New York Americans players
Pittsburgh Hornets players
Springfield Indians players
American Hockey League players
Gregory H. Millen (born February 17, 1964) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender and hockey  commentator analyst.

Playing career
Before playing in the NHL, Millen played 3 seasons for the Peterborough Petes and 25 games for the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds.

He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins with the 102nd overall pick in the 1977 NHL Entry draft. He played 3 seasons with the Penguins and was signed as a free agent by the Hartford Whalers. He played 4 seasons with the Whalers and during his time with the Whalers he represented Canada at the World Championships. He was traded by the Whalers to the St. Louis Blues in February 1985 and helped them reach the Conference Finals in 1986. They were defeated by the Calgary Flames however.

He then played 18 games for the Quebec Nordiques, 13 games for the Chicago Blackhawks and 10 games for the Detroit Red Wings before leaving for the IHL to play for the San Diego Gulls and retiring after playing 5 games with them.
Broadcasting
After retiring, Millen became the colour commentator on television broadcasts for the expansion Ottawa Senators. He spent eleven seasons as the commentator for the Senators and was teamed with Don Chevrier, Rob Faulds, and Dean Brown. He was also part of the lead broadcasting team along with Dan Shulman for CTV's ice hockey coverage at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

He joined the CBC's Hockey Night in Canada before the 1994-95 NHL season. He spent a year with CTV Sportsnet and rejoined HNIC in 1999–2000 where he was the network's secondary colour commentator and mostly covered the second game of weekly doubleheader. He usually works on the game that features the Montreal Canadiens along with Bob Cole and Guy Carbonneau. He worked on regional Toronto Maple Leafs telecasts since 2006 on Rogers Sportsnet Ontario and Leafs TV along with Joe Bowen. During the 2012 NHL playoffs, he worked the Washington-Boston series with play-by-play man Dean Brown.

Other websites 
Official website
1957 births
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Maine Mariners (AHL) players
National Hockey League broadcasters
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Quebec Nordiques players
St. Louis Blues players
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Gilles Meloche (born July 12, 1950) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

Playing career
Before playing in the NHL, Meloche played 1 season for the Verdun Maple Leafs of the QMJHL.

He was drafted with the 70th overall pick by the Chicago Black Hawks in the 1970 NHL Entry draft. Meloche played 2 games with the Black Hawks. Chicago was already strong in goal with Tony Esposito so Meloche was dealt to the California Golden Seals, one of the weakest teams in the league at the time.

Meloche played for the Seals for 5 seasons and stayed with the team when the franchise's relocated to Cleveland, Ohio to become the Cleveland Barons. He would play for the Barons for 2 seasons and stayed with the Barons when they merged with the Minnesota North Stars. Meloche played 7 seasons with the North Stars and had great success with them. He then played 3 seasons with the Pittsburgh Penguins and retired in 1988.
Since retiring from playing hockey, he became the Penguins goaltending coach. He coach the Penguins for 8 seasons and helped the Penguins win three Stanley Cups before resigning in 2013. He currently works as a special assignment scout for the Pittsburgh Penguins.

References

Other websites 

1950 births
California Golden Seals players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Cleveland Barons (NHL) players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Minnesota North Stars players
People from Montreal
Pittsburgh Penguins players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League players
Total Eclipse is a 1995 biographical-drama movie. This movie is about two 19th century French poets who become romantically involved with one another. Leonardo DiCaprio plays Arthur Rimbaud. The movie got some bad reviews not long after its release.

1990s biographical movies
1990s erotic movies
1995 LGBT movies
1995 drama movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
American independent movies
Movies based on plays
French LGBT movies
French biographical movies
French drama movies
Belgian LGBT movies
Belgian biographical movies
Belgian drama movies
Movies directed by Agnieszka Holland
Movies set in the 19th century
Movies set in Belgium
Philomena is a 2013 British drama movie. The movie is about a news journalist who has just lost his job as Labour government adviser. In the movie, Judi Dench plays Philomena Lee and Steve Coogan plays Martin. The movie has gotten positive review by critics.

2013 drama movies
2010s biographical movies
British biographical movies
British drama movies
French drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies set in the 2000s
Movies set in London
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies directed by Stephen Frears
The Buenos Aires Convention (or Convention on Literary and Artistic Copyright) is an international copyright treaty. It was signed at Buenos Aires on 11 August 1910. The countries which signed it agreed to respect the copyrights of the other countries. For a document to be covered by this convention, its copyright statement must use the proper wording. Often, the phrase "All rights reserved" (, ) was used. However, the United States only required the name of the writer and the year that the work was published.

The following countries signed the Buenos Aires Convention:

Other websites 

Text of the Convention 

Buenos Aires
1910s treaties
Copyright
1910
20th century in Argentina
1910s in South America
Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games. It is the sixth game in the Ratchet & Clank series of video games. It was released on October 23, 2007 in North America and on November 9, 2007 in Europe.
In this game, Ratchet & Clank save the universe from the Cragmites. Ratchet’s species, who were called Lombaxes, disappeared and Ratchet is the last of the Lombaxes.The Lombax secret is the last opportunity to save the universe from the Cragmites emperor Tachyon. Ratchet’s planet is called Fastoon. Fastoon has a lot of advanced technology. The dimensionator (or Lombax secret) is the most important part of Lombax technology. In the Big War it shot the Cragmites to another dimension. This is the reason why Tachyon wants to destroy Ratchet and all the Lombaxes. In their runaway from Polaris Galaxy, Clank meets the Zoni, some extraterrestrial beings who have magical powers. On many occasions Ratchet & Clank meet the pirates. The pirates are robots, but they can do what they like. They’ve got a captain who has a lot of space stations and lots of space ships.

Other websites 
Official website

2007 video games
3D platform games
PlayStation 3-only games
Ratchet & Clank
Sébastien Caron (born June 25, 1980) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender that currently plays for Iserlohn Roosters of the DEL.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Caron played 2 seasons in the QMJHL for the Rimouski Oceanic where he won the Memorial Cup with them in 2000. He also won the Hap Emms Memorial Trophy for being the Memorial Cup Outstanding Goaltender.

He was drafted with the 86th overall pick in the 1999 NHL Entry draft by the Pittsburgh Penguins.

He played 3 seasons with the Penguins and 4 seasons with their AHL affiliate team, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins before having his contract bought out by the Penguins on June 25, 2006. He also played for Saguenay Fjord and Sorel-Tracy Mission during the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

On July 27, 2006, he was signed to a contract with the Chicago Blackhawks and he played 1 game with them before being traded along with Matt Keith and Chris Durno to Anaheim Ducks for P.A. Parenteau and Bruno St. Jacques.
During his time with the Ducks, Caron served as a spare goaltender in the 2007 playoffs. He was not called on to dress during the playoffs but was included in the Stanley Cup winning picture, and has a Stanley Cup ring from when the Ducks won the Stanley Cup. He did not however qualify to have his name engraved on the Stanley Cup since he only played one regular season game.

On April 1, 2010, he was signed by the Philadelphia Flyers but never played in net for Philadelphia during his short visit. He was the seventh goaltender acquired the Flyers' for the 2009–2010 NHL season.

He went on to play for HC Fribourg-Gotteron of the NLA for 3 seasons and was signed to a contract by Traktor Chelyabinsk of the KHL on August 23, 2010.
He played 12 games with Traktor and went back to the NLA to play for HC Lugano. He 14 games with them and returned to the NHL after the Tampa Bay Lightning signed him to a 1-year, one-way contract. He only played 3 games with them and was traded to the Nashville Predators, along with 3 draft picks for Kyle Wilson, Anders Lindback, and one draft pick. Instead of playing, Caron left to play for the Iserlohn Roosters of the DEL.

References

Other websites 

1980 births
Living people
Anaheim Ducks players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Memorial Cup winners
Norfolk Admirals players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Portland Pirates players
Rimouski Océanic players‎
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players
American Hockey League players
Jan Evangelista Purkyně  (17 December 1787 – 28 July 1869) was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. He was one of the best known scientists of his time. In 1839, he coined the term 'protoplasm' for the fluid substance of a cell.

Biography 
Purkyně was born in Bohemia, which was then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now it is in the Czech Republic. In 1818, he graduated with a degree in medicine, and was appointed  Professor of Physiology. He published two volumes  which contributed to experimental psychology. He created the world's first Department of Physiology at the University of Breslau in Prussia (now Wrocław, Poland), and the world's first official physiology laboratory.
Discoveries 
He is best known for his discoveries of Purkinje cells and Purkinje fibres. Purkinje cells are large neurons with many branching dendrites found in the cerebellum. Purkinje fibres conduct electrical impulses to all parts of the ventricle of the heart. Other discoveries include Purkinje images, reflections of objects from structures of the eye, and the Purkinje shift, the change in the brightness of red and blue colours as light intensity decreases gradually at dusk. Purkyně also introduced the scientific terms plasma (for the component of blood left when the suspended cells have been removed) and protoplasm (the substance found inside cells.)
Purkyně was the first to use a microtome to make wafer thin slices of tissue for microscopic examination and was among the first to use an improved version of the compound microscope. He described the effects of camphor, opium, belladonna and turpentine on humans in 1829. He also experimented with nutmeg that same year, when he "washed down three ground nutmegs with a glass of wine and experienced headaches, nausea, euphoria, and hallucinations that lasted several days", which remain a good description of today's average nutmeg binge. Purkyně discovered sweat glands in 1833 and published a thesis that recognised nine principal configuration groups of fingerprints in 1823.

Cell theory 
Purkyně was, in the opinion of Henry Harris, the true father of the cell theory. The work of Purkyně and his student and collaborator Gabriel Valentin (1810–1883) was "unjustly denigrated by the nationalistic Germans. They have a claim to some priority in the cell theory".Chapter 9
Johannes Müller (1801–1858) also made great contributions. However, it was Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) who got the credit for the cell theory, despite the fact that some of their observations were not correct, and their credits to previous workers were "a travesty".p97

References 

1787 births
1869 deaths
Czech scientists
Biologists
Roger I de Montgomery, was the seigneur (lord) of Montgomery and vicomte of the Hiesmois in Normandy.

Career 

Roger was the son of Hugh de Montgomery and his wife Josceline. She was the niece of Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy. Roger held the lands of Saint-Germain-de-Montgommery and Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery. Both had traces of early castles. He became the Viscount of the Heismois about the same time Robert I of Normandy became Duke in 1027. But as the viscount he witnessed a royal charter to the abbey of St. Wandrille . Like Duke Robert, Roger began taking properties that belonged to the church. These included () half the town of Bernay. He took over a woodland at 'Crispus Fagidus' which belonged to Jumièges Abbey. He put an end to a market held by the same abbey and took it into his own domain. Later he seemed to have a change of heart. He returned the market to the abbey and paid restitution for their losses.
After 1035 Roger seems to have lost favor with the young duke William. He signed an early charter of Duke William simply as 'Roger of Montgomery'. He apparently was no longer the viscount. In 1037 when rebellions broke out, Roger was one of the rebels. When he was defeated he fled to the court of Henry I of France. Roger was forced into exile by Osbern the Steward. Osbern was later killed by William de Montgomery, Roger's son. Where and when Roger died is unknown. In 1068 his wife was still holding lands at Bures and Saint-Pair.

Family  

The name of Roger's wife is unknown but he had five sons:

 Hugh de Montgomery
 Robert de Montgomery
 Roger II de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.
 William de Montgomery killed during the minority of duke William
 Gilbert de Montgomery who in 1063 supposedly poisoned by Mabel de Bellême

Notes

References

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Normans
Barákapuszta is a former village, now a part of Zichyújfalu, Hungary.

Geography 

It currently has a population of around 15 (in 2013). Barákapuszta an area of 0.8 km².

History 
The settlement founded of 17th century.

References 

Villages in Hungary
17th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in Hungary
Chris Clifford (born May 26, 1966 in Kingston, Ontario) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

Playing career
Before playing in the NHL, Clifford played 1 season with the Kingston Canadians of the OHL.

He was drafted by the Chicago Black Hawks with the 111th overall pick in the 1984 NHL Entry draft. He played 1 game with them but went back down to the OHL to play with the Canadiens again. He won the Bobby Smith Trophy in 1985-86 and became the first goaltender in Ontario Hockey League history to score a goal.

After spending 3 seasons with the Canadiens, he played for the Saginaw Hawks of the IHL. He played 22 games with them and was called up to play 1 game for the Black Hawks. After that game, he went back down to the IHL to play 7 games with Saginaw and 23 games with the Muskegon Lumberjacks.
He went to the ECHL to play 10 games with the Virginia Lancers and then returned to the Lumberjacks to play 1 season. After his season with the Lumberjacks was over, Clifford played 2 games for the Fort Wayne Komets and left for the ECHL to play for the Louisville Icehawks. After play the 1993-94 season with them, Clifford retired from playing professional ice hockey.

Other websites 

1966 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
People from Kingston, Ontario
The paradox of thrift is the idea that during a recession, people will want to save more money. But if everyone saves money, then the economy can slow down even more, reducing peoples' income as a result. It is often linked with John Maynard Keynes. It is a main theory of Keynesian economics.

It is a kind of prisoner's dilemma: saving benefits each individual but damages the general population. This is a paradox because it is contrary to intuition. Someone might think that what seems to be good for an individual in the economy will be good for the entire population. However, exercising thrift may be good for an individual by enabling that individual to save for a "rainy day", and yet not be good for the economy as a whole.

There is little agreement as to how important this is in a modern economy. Modern economies are huge, and much affected by other national economies. 

Paradoxes
Economic theories
The Mora was William the Conqueror's flagship for his invasion of England in 1066. It served as his personal ship between England and Normandy afterwards. It was the largest and fastest ship in his invasion fleet. The Mora was a gift to William by his wife Matilda of Flanders.

The ship
The ship

The Mora was built at Barfleur in Normandy. It was a gift from Matilda of Flanders to her husband  Duke William of Normandy. It was completed in the summer of 1066. Mora was a larger ship that could carry ten to twelve knights with their attendants, weapons and armor. It would also have a crew to sail it. The captain of the ship was Stephen, the son of Airard. Stephen was the captain of the Mora for over twenty years.  Orderic Vitalis described the ship: "it had for its figurehead the image of a child, gilt, pointing with its right hand towards England, and having in its mouth a trumpet of ivory. Mora carried multicolored sails and at the top of the mainmast was the papal banner (Pope's flag), consecrated and sent to William from Rome.<ref>G.H. Preble, 'The "Mora", A.D. 1066', The New York Times, June 3, 1883</ref> The banner was described as "a square white banner charged with a gold cross within a blue border."

 Maiden voyage
Maiden voyage 

Before sunset on September 27th, according to William of Poitiers, Duke William's invasion fleet left for England. The Mora led the fleet. Mora carried a lantern on her mast so she could be seen in the dark. A horn also let the other ships know where the Mora was. The Mora was much faster than the other ships. By dawn William found himself in mid-channel, alone, with no other ships in sight. While he waited his servants served him breakfast with wine. Once the others were in sight the fleet proceeded to Pevensey in Sussex. According to Elisabeth van Houts, the meaning of the name is not known although there have been several suggestions. It might be named for the Morini, ancient inhabitants of Flanders.  This is where Matilda was from. The Latin word mora has several meanings, none of which seem likely. These range from 'delay' or 'pause' to 'foolish' or 'foolish woman'. Also is the possibility that Mora was an anagram of Amor''.

Notes

References
Notes

References

Sailing ships
Normandy
1060s establishments
1066 in England
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions of a given kind from a set X to a set Y. For example:
In set theory, the set of functions from X to Y may be written X → Y or YX.

Mathematics
Functions and mappings
The Besov space is one of the Banach spaces. It can be used for solving partial differential equations.

Mathematics
Mario and Donkey Kong: Minis on the Move is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It is the fifth game in the Mario vs. Donkey Kong series. It was released on Nintendo's eShop service on May 9, 2013 in Europe and North America, and July 24, 2013 in Japan.

In the main game, the player has to place blocks on a grid with the goal of making a path for a Mini (a small walking robot that looks like Mario or another character in the Mario series) to get from a warp pipe to the goal. The player has to avoid obstacles like Shy Guys and spikes. Each level has three colored coins that the player can collect. Collecting all three coins gives the player a star token. Star tokens can be used to unlock more gameplay modes, levels, and toys. There are more than 180 levels in four modes of gameplay. There are also four minigames that can be unlocked.
The game has a level creation mode where the player can create their own levels using pieces from the game. They can also control how often tiles fall. Created levels can be saved and shared using StreetPass after the player is able to complete the level that they have created. The levels can also be shared through Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, where players can download levels created by other players.

References

Other websites
 Official website (North America)
 Offical website (Europe)

2013 video games
Nintendo 3DS games
Puzzle video games
Mario video games
Donkey Kong
John Winthrop (1588–1649) was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Winthrop was born in Edwardstone, Suffolk. He was an English lawyer from a rich landowning family. He led a large group of Puritans from England in 1630. Winthrop served as governor to the newly formed Massachusetts Bay Colony and held that position for twelve years. He was one of the chief founders of New England. He saw the colony as a Puritan "City upon a hill" and a model to western Christianity.

References or Sources

Other websites 
 John Winthrop (1588-1649), American Literature Sites, Washington State University

1588 births
1649 deaths
British lawyers
Colonial Americans
Governors of Massachusetts
Politicians from Boston
Politicians from Suffolk
Jacques Cloutier (born January 3, 1960 in Noranda, Quebec) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender. He currently works as the associate coach for the Calgary Flames.

Playing career
Before playing in the NHL, Cloutier played 4 seasons in the QMJHL with the Trois Rivieres Draveurs.

He was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres with the 55th overall pick in the 1979 NHL Entry draft. He played 144 games with Sabres and 136 games with their AHL affiliate, Rochester Americans. After his time with Sabres, he played 2 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks and 58 games with the Quebec Nordiques. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1994.

After retiring, Cloutier became the assistant coach of the Cornwall Aces for 2 seasons, the assistant coach for the goaltending coach for the Quebec Nordiques/Colorado Avalanche for 12 seasons and is the current associate coach of the Calgary Flames.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1960 births
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Quebec Nordiques players
Rochester Americans players
Trois-Rivières Draveurs players
The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) is a kind of fish which occurs in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. It is a pelagic fish, which means that it lives near the surface of the ocean. They can grow to a size of  and reach a weight of . In the wild, they live to be about nine years old. 

Bluefish are predators: they hunt other fish, in small groups. Bluefish are caught commercially, and there is a problem with overfishing. 

Sometimes another species, Rock salmon or Coal fish is erroneously called Bluefish.

It is the only species in the family Pomatomidae, in the genus Pomatomus.

One extinct relative of the bluefish is Lophar miocaenus, from the Late Miocene of Southern California.

References

Perciformes
Economic liberalization is a theory about applying the ideas of classical liberalism to the government of a state: In very broad terms, it is about removing as much state control as possible from the economy. The state that follows this path often allows privately owned companies to do some things that governments usually do. 

The state can introduce competition in an economic sector while still controlling a publicly held company. This is the case with many railway systems, for example in France
The state can privatize a publicly held company, and guarantee a monopoly on the services it offers: This has been the case with the ocmpany responsible for transporting electricity in France, called Réseau de Transport d'Électricité (RTE). It is a subsidiary of Électricité de France (EDF).

Economic policy
Spitalfields is an area in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is near Brick Lane. Many immigrants went to live there in the past.

London Borough of Tower Hamlets
A handheld barcode scanner
A Barcode reader or Barcode scanner is an electronic input device which is able to scan and decode barcodes. These devices use optical technology such as infrared light. Some readers use an integrated decoder, others have one unit for reading the barcode, and another one to decode the barcode. A barcode reader also called a price scanner or point-of-sale ( POS ) scanner, is a hand-held or stationary input device used to capture and read the information contained in a bar code. A barcode reader consists of a scanner, a decoder (either built-in or external), and a cable used to connect the reader with a computer. Because a barcode reader merely captures and translates the barcode into numbers and/or letters, the data must be sent to a computer so that a software application can make sense of the data. Barcode scanners can be connected to a computer through a serial port, keyboard port, or an interface device called a wedge
. A barcode reader works by directing a beam of light across the bar code and measuring the amount of light that is reflected back. The dark bars on a barcode reflect less light than the white spaces between them. The barcode scanner then converts the reflected light energy into electrical energy, which is converted into data by the decoder and forwarded to a computer.
There are five basic barcode readers -- pen wands, slot scanners, Charge-Couple Device ( CCD ) scanners, image scanners, and laser scanners. A pen wand is the simplest barcode reader. It contains no moving parts and is known for its durability and low cost. A pen wand can present a challenge to the user, however, because it has to remain in direct contact with the bar code, must be held at a certain angle, and has to be moved over the bar code at a certain speed. A slot scanner remains stationary and the item with the bar code on it is pulled by hand through the slot. Slot scanners are typically used to scan bar codes on identification cards. A CCD scanner has a better read range than the pen wand and is often used in retail sales. Typically, a CCD scanner has a "gun" type interface and has to be held no more than one inch from the bar code. Each time the bar code is scanned, several readings are taken to reduce the possibility of errors