Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Disraeli is a 1929 American historical drama movie directed by Alfred E. Green and is the third version of the 1911 play of the same name by Louis N. Parker. It stars George Arliss, Doris Lloyd, Joan Bennett, Florence Arliss, Anthony Bushell and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was nominated 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1930.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1929 drama movies
1920s historical movies
1920s American drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Alfred E. Green
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in England
Movies set in the 1870s
Malaya is a 1949 American World War II adventure movie directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Spencer Tracy, James Stewart, Sydney Greenstreet, Lionel Barrymore, DeForest Kelley, Roland Winters, Richard Loo. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Other websites
 

1949 war movies
1940s American adventure movies
American war movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Richard Thorpe
George Ross Anderson Jr. (January 29, 1929 – December 1, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina from 1980 until his retirement in 2016. He was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to the court. He also was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1955 to 1956. 

Anderson was born in Anderson, South Carolina. He was a Democrat. Anderson died on December 1, 2020 at a South Carolina nursing home at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
American judges
Politicians from South Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (in case citations, D.S.C.) is the federal district court. They cover the state of South Carolina. 

Court is held in the cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, and Spartanburg.

Other websites
 United States District Court for the District of South Carolina Official Website
 United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina Official Website

Organizations based in South Carolina
Federal judiciary of the United States
The Utah Kid is a 1930 American western movie directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Rex Lease, Boris Karloff, Dorothy Sebastian, Mary Carr, Lafe McKee, Walter Miller. It was distributed by Tiffany Pictures.

Other websites

1930 movies
1930s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies directed by Richard Thorpe
Hugh Keays-Byrne (18 May 1947 – 2 December 2020) was an English-Australian actor and movie director. He moved to Australia in 1973. He was known for his roles as Toad in the 1974 movie Stone, Toecutter in the 1979 movie Mad Max, and Immortan Joe in the 2015 movie Mad Max: Fury Road. He was born in Srinagar, then-British India.

Keays-Byrne died on 2 December 2020 at a hospital in Gosford, New South Wales at the age of 73.

References

Other websites

 Hugh Keays-Byrne at Theatricalia.

1947 births
2020 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English movie directors
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Australian stage actors
Australian voice actors
Australian movie directors
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Arnie Paul Robinson Jr. (April 7, 1948 – December 1, 2020) was an American athlete. He won a bronze medal in the long jump at the 1972 Olympics and a gold medal in 1976. Robinson was born in San Diego, California.

Robinson died on December 1, 2020 at the age of 72.

References

1948 births
2020 deaths
American track and field athletes
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from San Diego, California
Walter Edward Williams (March 31, 1936 – December 1, 2020) was an American economist, commentator, and academic. He was the John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics at George Mason University. He was known for his classical liberal and libertarian views. His writings frequently appeared on Townhall.com, WND, and Jewish World Review. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Williams died on December 1, 2020, in Devon, Pennsylvania at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Academics from Virginia
American economists
American political commentators
Writers from Philadelphia
Libertarians
Devon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Easttown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,515 at the 2010 census.

References

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Chamalières (Auvergnat: Chamalèira) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Chamalières is the third-largest town in the department and lies about  from Lyon.

References

Communes in Puy-de-Dôme
Mahashian Di Hatti Private Limited, doing business as MDH, is an Indian spice producer and seller based in New Delhi, India. 

It is the second largest leader in the Indian market with 12% market share, following S Narendrakumar's Everest Spices.

References

1910s establishments in India
1919 establishments in Asia
Companies of India
Food companies
New Delhi
Dead End is a 1937 American crime drama movie directed by William Wyler and was based on the 1935 play of the same name by Sidney Kingsley. It stars Sylvia Sidney, Humphrey Bogart, Joel McCrea, Wendy Barrie, Claire Trevor, Allen Jenkins, Ward Bond, Esther Dale, Charles Halton and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1938.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1937 drama movies
1930s American crime drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by William Wyler
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis. There is a long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine. 

Usually the joints where the spine joins the pelvis are also affected. Eye and bowel problems may also occur. Pain in the back is a typical symptom of AS, and it often comes and goes. Stiffness of the affected joints usually gets worse over time.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) inflames the sacroiliac joints located between the base of the spine and pelvis from there the disease starts and gradually captures the entire spinal cord and there is complete tilt in the body. Some of the bones in the spine fuse, this fusing makes the spine less flexible. If ribs are affected, it can be difficult to breathe deeply.

What are ankylosing spondylitis symptom?
Pain and stiffness in the body are its common symptoms.
 Joint pain.
 Neck pain.
 Ankylosing spondylitis patients have back pain or hip pain.
 Stiffness in the body when they wake up in the morning.
 Breathing Problem.
 Chest Pain.
 Bone fever in the body.
 Fatigue.
 Vision Problem
 Loss of appetite, irritability are all the symptoms of this disease. 

If the pain in the back bone is more than 3 months and the stiffness is more on getting up in the morning, then we should see the rheumatologist as soon as possible. 

In this disease, the bones of the spine are completely fused, ie, the bones joining in this disease become one bone in 8-10 years, due to which the patient can get up, sit, walk, bend, twist of the neck. shuts down and all day-to-day activities are affected.

See Also 

What are ankylosing spondylitis causes?

References

Autoimmune diseases
Inflammation
Diseases and disorders of joints
Koba Davitashvili (; July 31, 1971 – December 2, 2020) was a Georgian politician. He was a leader of the Georgian People's Party and co-founder of the United National Movement. He was a member of the Georgian Parliament between 1999 to 2006.

Davitashvili died on December 2, 2020 in Tbilisi from ankylosing spondylitis, aged 49.

References

1971 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Tbilisi
Franco Giraldi (11 July 1931 – 2 December 2020) was an Italian director and screenwriter. He was born in Comeno, Kingdom of Italy. He directed Seven Guns for the MacGregors (1966), Sugar Colt (1966) and Up the MacGregors! (1967).

Giraldi died on 2 December 2020 in Trieste, Italy from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
The First Degree is a 1923 American drama movie directed by Edward Sedgwick and was based on the 1914 short story The Summons by George Pattullo. It stars Frank Mayo, Sylvia Breamer, Philo McCullough and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites
 

1923 drama movies
1920s American drama movies
American silent movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Edward Sedgwick
Maker of Men is a 1931 American drama movie directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Jack Holt, Richard Cromwell, Joan Marsh, John Wayne, Natalie Moorhead. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites

1931 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
Movies directed by Edward Sedgwick
Columbia Pictures movies
Warren Berlinger (August 31, 1937 – December 2, 2020) was an American actor. He was born in New York City. His career lasted from 1946 to 2016. He was best known for his roles in The Joey Bishop Show, The Cannonball Run and in The World According to Garp.

Berlinger died on December 2, 2020 at a hospital in Santa Clarita, California at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Brighton Rock is a 1947 British crime thriller movie directed by John Boulting and was based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Graham Greene. It stars Richard Attenborough, Hermione Baddeley, Carol Marsh, William Hartnell, Wylie Watson, George Carney, Alan Wheatley. It was remade in 2010.

Other websites
 
 
 

1947 crime movies
1940s thriller movies
1940s crime thriller movies
British crime movies
British thriller movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by John Boulting
River of No Return is a 1954 American western movie directed by Otto Preminger and Jean Negulesco. It stars Robert Mitchum, Marilyn Monroe, Tommy Rettig, Rory Calhoun and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 
 

1954 movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Otto Preminger
Movies directed by Jean Negulesco
Aldo Moser (7 February 1934 – 2 December 2020) was an Italian cyclist. Moser rode in 16 editions of the Giro d'Italia and 4 of the Vuelta a España, totaling in 20 Grand Tours. He was the older brother of Francesco Moser, Enzo Moser  and Diego Moser. He was born in Giovo, Italy.

Moser died on 2 December 2020 in Trento, Italy from COVID-19 at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Italian cyclists
People from Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Giovo () is a comune (municipality) in Trentino, located about  northeast of Trento in northern Italy.

References

Settlements in Trentino
Rafer Lewis Johnson (August 18, 1934 – December 2, 2020) was an American decathlete and actor. He was born in Hillsboro, Texas. Johnson was a silver medalist at the 1956 Summer Olympics and a gold medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He also played Mullens the DEA agent in the 1989 James Bond movie Licence to Kill.

In 1968, Johnson, football player Rosey Grier, and journalist George Plimpton tackled Sirhan Sirhan moments after he had fatally shot Robert F. Kennedy.

Johnson died on December 2, 2020 at a Sherman Oaks, California hospital from a stroke, aged 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
African-American track and field athletes
African-American movie actors
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Actors who played in James Bond movies
Actors from Texas
Sportspeople from Texas
American decathletes
People from Hillsboro, Texas
George Ames Plimpton (March 18, 1927 – September 25, 2003) was an American journalist, writer and editor. He was widely known for his sports writing and for helping to found The Paris Review. He was born in New York City.

Plimpton, along with former decathlete Rafer Johnson and American football star Rosey Grier, helped wrestle Sirhan Sirhan to the floor when Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1968.

Plimpton died on September 25, 2003 at his New York City apartment from a heart attack caused by supraventricular tachycardia, aged 76.

References

1927 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American editors
American sports commentators
Journalists from New York City
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an abnormally fast heart rhythm caused from improper electrical activity in the upper part of the heart. 

There are four main types: atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), atrial flutter, and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome.

Symptoms may include palpitations, feeling faint, sweating, shortness of breath, or chest pain.

References

Heart disease
Yuvensius Alfonsius Biakai (9 November 1956 – 5 November 2020) was an Indonesian politician. He was the Regent of Asmat from October 2005 to October 2015 . He was the first regent of Asmat. 

Biakai died in Timika, Indonesia on 5 November 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 63.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Indonesian politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Franciscus Johannes "Frank" Erik Kramer (27 November 1947 – 30 November 2020) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a striker, television presenter and football commentator. Kramer was born in Amsterdam. His career lasted from 1970 to 1984. 

Kramer played for Amsterdam, MVV Maastricht, Telstar, Volendam and Haarlem. He also made appearances on television sports networks as a commentator for AVRO and Eurosport.

Kramer suffered from a stroke on his 73rd birthday and fell in a coma. He died three days later in Amsterdam on 30 November 2020.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Dutch footballers
Dutch television presenters
Sports commentators
Footballers from Amsterdam
Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions is a 2010 action-adventure video game based on the fictional superhero Spider-Man released for the Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. It was followed by a sequel, Spider-Man: Edge of Time in October 2011.

Gameplay
The game revolves around an artifact known as the Tablet of Order and Chaos. When it is shattered into pieces during a fight between Spider-Man and Mysterio, it causes problems with multiple realities across the Marvel Universe. Madame Web calls on four versions of Spider-Man from four realities to assist in bringing the realities back into balance: the Amazing Spider-Man, Spider-Man Noir, Spider-Man 2099, and Ultimate Spider-Man. The player controls each of the four Spider-Men as they attempt to retrieve the tablet fragments from villains within their respective dimensions, who now possess new abilities granted by the tablet.
2010 video games
Nintendo DS games
Wii games
Xbox 360 games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Spider-Man video games
Spider-Man: Edge of Time is an action-adventure video game based on the fictional superhero Spider-Man released in October 2011 for the Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360. It is a sequel to 2010's Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions.

Gameplay
Spider-Man and Spider-Man 2099 combat a new threat across space and time and attempt to save both of their realities.

2011 video games
Wii games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo 3DS games
Xbox 360 games
PlayStation 3 games
Spider-Man video games
Thomas James Sandt (December 22, 1950 – December 1, 2020) was an American Major League Baseball player and coach. Sandt played for the Oakland Athletics in 1975 and 1976. He also coached the Florida Marlins during their 1997 World Series win. He was born in New York City.

Sandt died on December 1, 2020 at his home in Lake Oswego, Oregon at the age of 69.

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
Oakland Athletics players
Sportspeople from New York City
A giant planet is any planet much larger than Earth. They are usually mostly composed of low-boiling-point materials (gases or ices), rather than rock or other solid matter. Massive solid planets also exist. There are four giant planets in the Solar System: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Many extrasolar giant planets have been identified orbiting other stars.

Giant planets are also sometimes called jovian planets, the adjective for the name Jupiter. They are sometimes known as gas giants. Many astronomers use the latter term only for Jupiter and Saturn. They classify Uranus and Neptune, which have different compositions, as ice giants. Both names are potentially misleading: all of the giant planets consist primarily of fluids above their critical points, where distinct gas and liquid phases do not exist. The principal components are hydrogen and helium in the case of Jupiter and Saturn, and water, ammonia and methane in the case of Uranus and Neptune.
Terminology 
The term gas giant was coined in 1952 by the science fiction writer James Blish. It was originally used to refer to all giant planets. Arguably it is something of a misnomer, because for most of thire volume the pressure is so high that matter is not in gaseous form. Other than the upper layers of the atmosphere, all matter is likely beyond the critical point, where there is no distinction between liquids and gases. Fluid planet would be a more accurate term. Jupiter also has metallic hydrogen near its center, but much of its volume is hydrogen, helium, and traces of other gases above their critical points. The observable atmospheres of all these planets (at less than unit optical depth) are quite thin compared to their radii, only extending perhaps one percent of the way to the center. Thus the observable portions are gaseous (in contrast to Mars and Earth, which have gaseous atmospheres through which the crust can be seen).
The rather misleading term has caught on because planetary scientists typically use rock, gas, and ice as shorthands for classes of elements and compounds found on planets, whatever the actual phase of matter. In the outer Solar System, hydrogen and helium are referred to as gases; water, methane, and ammonia as ices; and silicates and metals as rock. When deep planetary interiors are considered, it may not be far off to say that, by ice astronomers mean oxygen and carbon, by rock they mean silicon, and by gas they mean hydrogen and helium. The many ways in which Uranus and Neptune differ from Jupiter and Saturn have led some to use the term only for the planets similar to the latter two. With this terminology in mind, some astronomers have started referring to Uranus and Neptune as ice giants to indicate the predominance of the ices (in fluid form) in their interior composition.

The alternative term jovian planet refers to the Roman god Jupiter, and meant all these planets were similar to Jupiter.
Objects large enough to start deuterium fusion (above 13 Jupiter masses for solar composition) are called brown dwarfs, and these occupy the mass range between that of large giant planets and the lowest-mass stars. The 13-Jupiter-mass cutoff is a rule of thumb, not something of precise physical significance. Larger objects will burn most of their deuterium and smaller ones will burn only a little, and the Jupiter mass value is somewhere in between. The amount of deuterium burnt depends not only on the mass but also on the composition of the planet, especially on the amount of helium and deuterium present. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia includes objects up to 60 Jupiter masses, and the Exoplanet Data Explorer up to 24 Jupiter masses.

Description
Description

A giant planet is a massive planet and has a thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. They may have a dense molten core of rocky elements, or the core may have completely dissolved and dispersed throughout the planet if the planet is hot enough. In "traditional" giant planets such as Jupiter and Saturn (the gas giants) hydrogen and helium constitute most of the mass of the planet, whereas they only make up an outer envelope on Uranus and Neptune, which are instead mostly composed of water, ammonia, and methane and therefore increasingly referred to as "ice giants".

Extrasolar giant planets that orbit very close to their stars are the exoplanets that are easiest to detect. These are called hot Jupiters and hot Neptunes because they have very high surface temperatures. Hot Jupiters were, until the advent of space-borne telescopes, the most common form of exoplanet known, due to the relative ease of detecting them with ground-based instruments.
Giant planets are commonly said to lack solid surfaces, but it is more accurate to say that they lack surfaces altogether since the gases that constitute them simply become thinner and thinner with increasing distance from the planets' centers, eventually becoming indistinguishable from the interplanetary medium. Therefore, landing on a giant planet may or may not be possible, depending on the size and composition of its core.

Subtypes

Gas giants

Gas giants consist mostly of hydrogen and helium. The Solar System's gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, have heavier elements making up between 3 and 13 percent of their mass. Gas giants are thought to consist of an outer layer of molecular hydrogen, surrounding a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, with a probable molten core with a rocky composition.
Jupiter and Saturn's outermost portion of the hydrogen atmosphere has many layers of visible clouds that are mostly composed of water and ammonia. The layer of metallic hydrogen makes up the bulk of each planet, and is referred to as "metallic" because the very high pressure turns hydrogen into an electrical conductor. The core is thought to consist of heavier elements at such high temperatures (20,000 K) and pressures that their properties are poorly understood.

Ice giants

Ice giants have distinctly different interior compositions from gas giants. The Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, have a hydrogen-rich atmosphere that extends from the cloud tops down to about 80% (Uranus) or 85% (Neptune) of their radius. Below this, they are predominantly "icy", i.e. consist mostly of water, methane, and ammonia. There is also some rock and gas, but various proportions of ice–rock–gas could mimic pure ice, so that the exact proportions are unknown.
Uranus and Neptune  have very hazy atmospheric layers with small amounts of methane, giving them aquamarine colors; light blue and ultramarine respectively. Both have magnetic fields that are sharply inclined to their axes of rotation.

Unlike the other giant planets, Uranus has an extreme tilt that causes its seasons to be severely pronounced. The two planets also have other subtle but important differences. Uranus has more hydrogen and helium than Neptune despite being less massive overall. Neptune is therefore denser and has much more internal heat and a more active atmosphere. The Nice model, in fact, suggests that Neptune formed closer to the Sun than Uranus did, and should therefore have more heavy elements.

Massive solid planets
Massive solid planets can also exist.
Solid planets up to thousands of Earth masses may be able to form around massive stars (B-type and O-type stars; 5–120 solar masses), where the protoplanetary disk would contain enough heavy elements. Also, these stars have high UV radiation and winds that could photoevaporate the gas in the disk, leaving just the heavy elements.
For comparison, Neptune's mass equals 17 Earth masses, Jupiter has 318 Earth masses, and the 13 Jupiter-mass limit used in the IAU's working definition of an exoplanet equals approximately 4000 Earth masses.

Super-Puffs
A super-puff is a type of exoplanet with a mass only a few times larger than
Earth’s but a radius larger than Neptune, giving it a very low mean density. They are cooler and less massive than the inflated low-density hot-Jupiters.

The most extreme examples known are the three planets around Kepler-51 which are all Jupiter-sized but with densities below 0.1 g/cm3.

Extrasolar giant planets
Atmospheres
The bands seen in the atmosphere of Jupiter are due to counter-circulating streams of material called zones and belts, encircling the planet parallel to its equator. The zones are the lighter bands, and are at higher altitudes in the atmosphere. They have an internal updraft and are high-pressure regions. The belts are the darker bands, are lower in the atmosphere, and have an internal downdraft. They are low-pressure regions. These structures are somewhat analogous to the high and low-pressure cells in Earth's atmosphere, but they have a very different structure—latitudinal bands that circle the entire planet, as opposed to small confined cells of pressure. This appears to be a result of the rapid rotation and underlying symmetry of the planet. There are no oceans or landmasses to cause local heating and the rotation speed is much higher than that of Earth.
There are smaller structures as well: spots of different sizes and colors. On Jupiter, the most noticeable of these features is the Great Red Spot, which has been present for at least 300 years. These structures are huge storms. Some such spots are thunderheads as well.

Related pages 
 Planetary system
 Terrestrial planet
 Tyche (hypothetical planet)
 Planet Nine

References

Bibliography
 SPACE.com: Q&A: The IAU's Proposed Planet Definition, 16 August 2006, 2:00 AM ET
 BBC News: Q&A New planets proposal Wednesday, 16 August 2006, 13:36 GMT 14:36 UK

Other websites

 SPACE.com: Q&A: The IAU's Proposed Planet Definition 16 August 2006 2:00 am ET
 BBC News: Q&A New planets proposal Wednesday, 16 August 2006, 13:36 GMT 14:36 UK
 Gas Giants in Science Fiction: 
 Episode "Giants" on The Science Channel TV show Planets

Types of planet
June Rose Bellamy, also Yadana Nat-Mei (; lit. Goddess of the Nine Jewels, 1 June 1932 – 1 December 2020) was the First Lady of Myanmar and fourth wife of the 4th President of Burma Ne Win. 

She was a Burmese royal princess of Australian descent and the great-granddaughter of Prince Kanaung.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
First Ladies
Burmese people
Socialites
Bronisław Dankowski (22 August 1944 – 2 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was a member of the Sejm from 1997 to 2005. He was a member of the Democratic Left Alliance.

Dankowski died on 2 December 2020 at the age of 76.

References

1944 births
2020 deaths
Polish politicians
Maria Fyfe (née O'Neill; 25 November 1938 – 3 December 2020) was a Scottish Labour politician. She was a Member of Parliament for Glasgow Maryhill from 1987 to 2001. Fyfe was born in Glasgow. 

Fyfe died on 3 December 2020 in Glasgow, aged 82.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Politicians from Glasgow
QAnon () is a disproven far-right conspiracy theory believing that a cabal of Satan-worshipping pedophiles is running a global child sex-trafficking ring and are planning against former US president Donald Trump, who is fighting the cabal. 

QAnon also believes that Trump is planning a day known as the "Storm", when thousands of members of the cabal will be arrested. No part of the conspiracy claim is based in fact. 

QAnon's supporters have accused many liberal Hollywood actors, Democratic politicians, and high-ranking government officials of being members of the cabal.

Former followers of the group have criticized it for vandalism of stores and general antisocial behavior.
Members of the movement actively took part in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, during which they supported Donald Trump's campaign. After Joe Biden won, they were involved in efforts to overturn the results of the election. Many of the QAnon followers attacked the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, which caused many media websites to track down and block QAnon information and members from spreading.

References

Conspiracy theories
Donald Trump
"Pizzagate" is a debunked conspiracy theory that went viral during the 2016 United States presidential election cycle mainly supported by far-right politicians and activists.

In March 2016, the personal email account of John Podesta, Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, was hacked in a spear-phishing attack. Supporters of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory falsely claimed the emails had coded messages that connected several high-ranking Democratic Party officials and U.S. restaurants with an alleged human trafficking and child sex ring.

References

Conspiracy theories
Hillary Rodham Clinton
The murder of Seth Rich happened on Sunday, July 10, 2016, at 4:20 a.m. in Washington, D.C. Rich died about an hour and a half after receiving two gunshot wounds to the back. He was murdered by unknown people for unknown reasons, but police suspected he had been the victim of an attempted robbery.

The 27-year-old Rich worked for the Democratic National Committee (DNC), and his murder caused many right-wing conspiracy theories, including the false claim that Rich had been involved with the leaked DNC emails in 2016.  

The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and The Washington Post wrote that the promotion of these conspiracy theories was an example of fake news.

References

2016 in the United States
Conspiracy theories
2016 murders in the United States
Rich, Seth
Hot Jupiters are a class of gas giant exoplanets that are physically similar to Jupiter but have very short orbital periods (). They are close to their stars, with high surface-atmosphere temperatures. Hot Jupiters are usually tidally locked.

Hot Jupiters are the easiest extrasolar planets to detect by the radial-velocity method. The oscillations of their parent stars' motion are large and rapid compared to those of other types of planets. These oscillations are caused by the planet orbiting its star in the line of sight of the Earth.

Since it seems that they are common, that raises the question of why the Solar System has its largest planet so far from its star. This led astronomers to think the Earth's Jupiter was first much closer to the Sun, and moved out later to its present orbit.
 
One of the best-known hot Jupiters is . Discovered in 1995, it was the first extrasolar planet found orbiting a Sun-like star.  has an orbital period of about 4 days.

References 

Exoplanets
Types of planet
The 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak is a collection of Democratic National Committee (DNC) emails stolen by one or more hackers working under the pseudonym "Guccifer 2.0" who are said to be Russian intelligence agency hackers, according to indictments carried out by the Mueller investigation.

These emails were leaked by DCLeaks in June and July 2016 and by WikiLeaks on July 22, 2016, just before the 2016 Democratic National Convention. 

This collection included 19,252 emails and 8,034 attachments from the DNC. The leak includes emails from seven key DNC staff members, and date from January 2015 to May 2016. 

The leaks also showed the DNC trying to sabotage and spread fake information to hurt then-2016 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders and his presidential campaign.

On November 6, 2016, WikiLeaks released a second batch of DNC emails, adding 8,263 emails to its collection.

References

2016 in the United States
2016 United States presidential election
Bernie Sanders
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (Seville, baptized on January 1, 1618– April 3, 1682) was a Spanish Baroque painter. Developed in final naturalism, he advanced towards original forms of the full baroque with a perception that sometimes precedes the rococo in some of his most peculiar and imitated pictorial creations, such as the Immaculate Conception or the Good Shepherd in child figure. A central personality of the Sevillian school, with a high number of disciples and followers who carried his influence well into the 18th century, he was also the best known and most appreciated Spanish painter outside of Spain, the only one of which Sandrart included a brief and fabled biography in his Academia picturae eruditae of 1683 with the Self-portrait of the painter engraved by Richard Collin
. Conditioned by the clientele, the bulk of his production is made up of works of a religious nature destined for Sevillian churches and convents, but unlike other great Spanish masters of his time, he also cultivated genre painting on a continuous and independent basis. throughout much of his career.
The Arabian tree frog (Hyla felixarabica) is a frog from the Middle East.  Scientists saw it in Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria and Lebanon.

Scientists say there are two separate groups of Arabian tree frogs: one in the hills in Yemen and Asir Mountains in Saudia Arabia and another group in Syria, Israel and the hills in Jordan.

Scientists used to think that this was the same frog as the Middle East tree frog, but it is not.  Scientists believe that the Arabian tree frog separated from the Middle East tree frog 8.4 million years ago.  They believe the two groups of frogs were separated by the Dead Sea Rift and then became different species over time.

First paper

References

Frogs of Europe
"Krusty the Clown" is the 8th episode of the 30th season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 25, 2018.

References 

The Simpsons (season 30) episodes
2018 television episodes
"Separate Vocations" is the 18th episode of the 3th season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on television on February 27, 1992.

Other websites 

1992 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 3) episodes
Belgian Americans are Americans who can trace their ancestry to immigrants from Belgium who emigrated to the United States. While the first natives of the then-Southern Netherlands arrived in America in the 17th century, most of the Belgian immigrants arrived during the 19th and 20th centuries.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
The Human Rights Party was a socialist political party in Michigan. It existed from the year 1970 to the mid-1970s around Ann Arbor.

Platform

Communication 

 More people can be in government through the use of cable television
 Media is to be funded blindly by the government

Foreign Policy 

 United States' wars are for the rich and companies
 The United States should stop fighting the Vietnam War
 Focus on community planning and growth

Education 

 Schools are used to oppress groups, through sexism, racism, and class
 Schools are used to spread propaganda of an free society
 Students deserve privacy, dignity, due process, and other decisions
 Schools should be controlled by students, parents, and teachers
 Schools should be funded by a income tax. The tax should be the same throughout Michigan. If a person gets more money, more of the tax they pay

Childcare 

 The government and employers should pay for childcare
 Parents, staff, and children should run the childcare

The young
The young 

 Age should not be a factor of the rights a person has

The legal system 

 All crimes which doesn't affect another person should be repealed
 Jails contain more poor, black, and young people
 Social inequality is the cause of crime
 People convicted with non-violent crimes should be released without bail
 The police should be controlled by the community
 Prisons should be replaced by rehabilitation 
 All laws on having drugs should be repealed
 Ann Arbor should have more relaxed laws then the state
 Ann Arbor should fund treatment for addicts. Education of drugs should be in schools

Economics 

 Wealth goes to a few people. The tax system doesn't stop this, but might help it
 Labor unions must be protected
 Workers must be given good working conditions

Taxation 

 There must be progressive taxation

Sexism
Sexism 

 Sexual preference and activity should not be regulated if not interfering with another person
 Human rights should be given to people of all sexual orientations and genders
 Laws against prostitution and sexual orientation must be repealed
 Marital status should not determine rights.
 Immediate divorce should happen if both individual consent to it
 Discrimination against single people in tax laws, housing, jobs and credit must end.
 Laws about pornography should be repealed
 Birth control should be accessible 
 Anti-abortion laws should be repealed. Abortions should be free

Racism 

 Minority groups should have control over their future
 The city should have more funding and power to find discrimination
 Courses of minority culture should be offered in schools
 Community control of the police to end police racism

Model cities 
 Community control is more important then the model cities program

References 

Political parties in the United States
Unmarried is a 1939 American drama movie directed by Kurt Neumann and starring Helen Twelvetrees, Buck Jones, Donald O'Connor, Virginia Vale, Larry Crabbe, Robert Armstrong.  It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites
 
 

1939 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
Movies directed by Kurt Neumann
Paramount Pictures movies
Three Girls Lost is a 1931 American drama movie directed by Sidney Lanfield and starring Loretta Young, Lew Cody, John Wayne, Paul Fix, Ward Bond, Joan Marsh, Joyce Compton, George Beranger. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

1931 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
Movies directed by Sidney Lanfield
Half Angel is a 1936 American comedy movie directed by Sidney Lanfield and starring Frances Dee, Brian Donlevy, Charles Butterworth, Helen Westley, Henry Stephenson, Sara Haden, Julius Tannen. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 

1936 comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Sidney Lanfield
Starship is a rocket made by the American company SpaceX. The rocket is made out of stainless steel. The rocket is made of two stages: Super Heavy and Starship. Both of these stages can be used again. This is unusual for a rocket. The rocket is expected to lift  of people and things to orbit. It is expected to travel to the Moon. It is expected to serve space tourists, and also help humans going to Mars.

In 2023, Starship became  the tallest and the most powerful rocket ever flown.

In April 2023, a booster rocket and a spacecraft launched. 1 minute 25 seconds into the launch, the booster and the spacecraft could not be steered. The flight continued up to altitude of 39 kilometres (24 mi), then began to tumble.

Test flights and other testing 
In September 2019, Starship Mk1 (Mark 1) was the first built Starship. The next vehicle, named Mk2, was built in Florida five months later. Mk1 failed [testing at cold temperature, or] the cryogenic proof test. It did not fly.

Mk2 was recycled. It did not fly.
Mk3's name changed to SN1 (serial number 1). On 28 February 2020, SN1 crushed itself during a cryogenic proof test. It is because of a leak in the bottom tank. On 8 March 2020, SN2's tank completed its only cryogenic proof test. On 3 April 2020, during the SN3 cryogenic proof test, a valve leaked liquid nitrogen inside its bottom tank. This causes the vehicle to lose pressure and crush itself. On 29 May 2020, SN4 had its fifth successful static fire test. But, after the test, the connected propellant pipe made SN4 explode.

On 4 August 2020, SN5 completed a flight with one Raptor. The rocket went to  before coming down. It is the first Starship spacecraft to complete a flight intact. On 24 August 2020, SN6 repeated SN5's flight and did not explode.
High-altitude testing
SN8 was the first complete Starship. In October and November 2020, SN8 survived four static fire tests. The first, second, and fourth tests were successful, but the third test failed. In the third test, SN8's Raptors destroyed the mount. The concrete layer melted, splashed, and hit a Raptor.

On 9 December 2020, the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) warned SN8 could explode if it was flown as planned. SpaceX ignored its warnings. SN8 then flew up, making it the first Starship to fly. It goes as high as , then comes back down. While landing, SN8's methane header tank did not pump enough methane to the Raptors. This causes one engine to burn itself. So, SN8 hit the ground fast and exploded.
On 2 February 2021, SN9 flew  high. During the landing, a Raptor does not work. So, SN9 lands at an angle and exploded as well. On 3 March 2021, SN10 repeated SN9's flight. It then landed with all Raptors working. But, because SN10 was damaged, it blew up eight minutes later. On 8 March 2021, the first Super Heavy booster named BN1 (booster number 1) was finished.

On 30 March 2021, SN11 exploded in dense fog. No one knows why it exploded. A possible explanation is that a Raptor burned SN11's computer. This could let too much propellant flow into the engine's turbopump. When the engine is lit, the pressure inside the chamber is too much, making SN11 explode.

SpaceX did not finish SN12, SN13, SN14. Their improvements were added to SN15 instead. On 5 May 2021, SN15 flew the same flight and landed. It did not explode after launch. On 20 July 2021, BN3 static fired for the only time.
Around July 2021, SpaceX started using the word Ship instead of "SN" for Starship spacecrafts. Booster instead of "BN" is another name for the Super Heavy boosters.

Super Heavy and Starship must pass many tests before launch. Firstly, they are filled with nitrogen gas to check for leaks. Then, cold liquid nitrogen fills and drains from Starship and Super Heavy to check the tanks' strength. Finally, propellant fills their tanks, and the Raptor engines are fired. 

Since 2005, SpaceX has been working on ideas similar to Starship. The company then checks the design with a series of tests: from flying  high in July 2019, to flying  high in May 2021.

Attempt at orbital flight (April 2023)
SpaceX tried to do an Orbital test flight in April 2023. The flight did not reach orbit.
"Three of the 33 engines on the" booster rocket "were shut down before the rocket even left the launchpad", according to media's paraphrasing of Elon Musk; Furthermore, “The system didn’t think" that those 3 engines "were healthy enough to bring them to full thrust,” “so they were shut down”, according to Musk.

At about 27 seconds into the flight, SpaceX lost communications with another engine. 

The flight passed max q. 

1 minute 25 seconds into the launch, SpaceX lost thrust vector control and therefore the ability to steer the rocket.

The flight came up to altitude of 39 kilometres (24 mi), then began to tumble.

At 29 kilometres (18 mi), about four minutes after liftoff, the (onboard) Autonomous flight safety system destroyed the booster and the Starship. (One source says that "a self-destruct mechanism" was triggered.) The time from the triggering to disintegration (or destruction), was 40 seconds. That time is supposed to be much shorter.
Things that should happen before and during an orbital flight 
Before launch, liquid oxygen and liquid methane fill the tanks of the booster rocket and the spaceship.

Engine chill begins on the booster, at 16 minutes 40 seconds before liftoff. This is to protect the engine's turbopumps from thermal shock. 

The thirty-three engines startup-sequence begins, at eight seconds before liftoff. 

33 Raptor engines fire and lift the rocket up. Super Heavy and Starship will then separate. After that, the Starship spacecraft boosts itself into orbit. The booster then descends and lands on the launch tower's arms. When Starship lands, the spacecraft will glide using its flaps. At the last few seconds, the spacecraft flips up and lands.
Parts of the Starship system (booster rocket and Starship spacecraft) 
Starship has two parts: the Super Heavy booster and the Starship spacecraft. Both Super Heavy and Starship should be able to land and launch many times quickly. That is the reason why the Starship rocket is often called a fully-reusable rocket. As of November 2021, no other rockets except Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy's booster can do this. Most of the rocket is made from SAE 304 stainless steel, the most common type of all. 

A Starship spacecraft lifts off (from Earth) on top of a booster. The spacecraft is supposed to carry  of cargo to low Earth orbit. The Space Shuttle could only carry  to the International Space Station, however. 

In this example, the International Space Station has an even lower orbit than Starship.

{{Efn|The International Space Station orbits  high at 51.64° inclination. Starship in this case orbits  high at 98.9° inclination.
Booster rocket ("Super Heavy") 
Below the spacecraft is a  tall Super Heavy booster rocket. This booster can hold about  of propellant. Super Heavy and Starship's propellants are liquid methane and liquid oxygen. The booster is made from stainless steel rings. These rings are  thick,  tall, and  diameter.
At the bottom of the booster are 33 Raptor rocket engines. They can make  of thrust, twice more than the Saturn V. The thrust speeds up the rocket to .

On top of the booster are four boxes containing fins in a grid pattern. These boxes are usually called grid fins, like those of the Falcon 9. Grid fins rotate to control and guide the booster while falling from the sky. When the booster comes back closer to Earth - just a few kilometers or miles above ground - the booster fires its engines and lands on the tower arms, which will 'catch' it.

SpaceX has two Super Heavy booster rockets, that have not been retired or scrapped (as of 2023's second quarter). They have not gone thru the static fire test.
Spacecraft 

On top of the booster sits a  tall Starship spacecraft. The spacecraft can hold about  of propellant. Its propellant is the same as Super Heavy's, which are liquid methane and liquid oxygen. The Starship spacecraft is made from stainless steel rings, similar to Super Heavy.

At the bottom of the spacecraft are six rocket engines. Three of them are regular Raptor engines; three others are Raptor Vacuum engines. These regular Raptor engines work inside the air, while Raptor Vacuum engines work inside the vacuum.

There are two kinds of propellant tanks inside Starship: these are main tanks and header tanks. The main tanks store propellant for almost all functions of the spacecraft. The only exception here is when Starship lands when it uses its header tanks instead.
There are four flaps that connect to Starship's body. Two large flaps are at the bottom of the spacecraft, and two small flaps are at the top of the spacecraft. They are made from stainless steel sheets and bend to a trapezoid shape. The flaps can control Starship's falling speed and direction.

A black heat shield covers one side of the spacecraft. The heat shield is made from ceramic hexagon tiles and sheets of ceramic wool. They help to protect Starship from hot plasma, made when the spacecraft enters Earth's atmosphere. Starship's heat shield could be durable and used many times.

Types of Starship spacecraft 

Starship HLS (Starship Human Landing System) is supposed to land astronauts on the Moon during the Artemis program. It can take propellant from other Starships to have more range. The spacecraft would not have a heat shield or body flaps. However, it will have solar panels and landing engines. Starship HLS can be fueled and connected to the Orion spacecraft.

Rocket engines
Rocket engines 

Both Super Heavy and Starship have SpaceX's Raptor rocket engines at the bottom. Each engine can make about  of thrust. It has a full-flow staged combustion cycle design and burns liquid methane with liquid oxygen. 

Also at the bottom of the Starship spacecraft are the Raptor Vacuum engines. They are Raptor engines with larger nozzles. The Raptor Vacuum only works in space and is more efficient than the normal Raptor engine. The Raptor 2 engine is the next generation of the Raptor and Raptor Vacuum engines. They will be used in Super Heavy and Starship sometime in the future.
This is how a full-flow staged combustion cycle engine works. First, liquid methane and oxygen flow into the engine's turbopumps. The turbopumps increase the liquids' pressure. Then, the methane and oxygen evaporate into hot gases in two preburners. One preburner gets more methane, and another gets more oxygen. The gas then turns the turbines and turbopumps by a shaft. These spinning turbines and turbopumps pump more propellant to the engine. This hot and mixed gas is then burned in a combustion chamber. Finally, the engine nozzle directs the ignited gas to make thrust.

Raptor engines will be made in a new factory at McGregor. Both the Raptor Vacuum and Raptor 2 are going to be made in another factory at Hawthorne.

Planned missions