Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
"Bart the Daredevil" is the eighth episode of The Simpsons second season and first started on December 6, 1990. It was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky and directed by Wes Archer.

Plot 
In this episode, the Simpsons go to a Monster truck rally that has famous daredevil "Lance Murdock." Bart immediately becomes excited by this and decides that he wants to become a daredevil as well. Bart's first trick ends in injury, and although the family and "Dr. Hibbert's" best efforts, Bart continues to try tricks. Bart decides to jump the Springfield gorge, but Homer learns about Bart's plan and makes him promise not to jump it. However, Bart breaks his promise and goes to jump the gorge. Before the act, though, Homer stops him just in time and gets Bart to promise that he will stop being a daredevil homer then takes Bart's place in jump and very nearly dies.

Other websites 

1990 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
"Itchy & Scratchy & Marge" is the ninth episode of The Simpsons second season. It was first aired on December 20, 1990. In this episode, Maggie attacks Homer with a mallet and Marge blames "The Itchy & Scratchy Show" for Maggie's actions. It was written by John Swartzwelder and was the first episode to be directed by Jim Reardon. Alex Rocco makes his first of three guest appearances as Roger Meyers, Jr.

Other websites 

1990 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
The UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements describes the wheel arrangement of locomotives, multiple units and trams. It is set out in the International Union of Railways (UIC) "Leaflet 650 - Standard designation of axle arrangement on locomotives and multiple-unit sets". It is used in much of the world. The United Kingdom used a related scheme. The United States uses the simplified AAR wheel arrangement for modern locomotives.

Examples
 Bo'Bo' (UK Bo-Bo) Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has two powered axles individually driven by traction motors
 Co'Co' (UK Co-Co) Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has three powered axles individually driven by traction motors
 Co'Bo' (UK Co-Bo) Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. One bogie has three powered axles and the other bogie has two powered axles. All axles are individually driven by traction motors

References

Locomotive classification systems
Alexander Mackenzie, PC (January 28, 1822 – April 17, 1892) was the second Prime Minister of Canada.

References 

1822 births
1892 deaths
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Josh Lomberger (born November 25, 1980) is an American presenter, announcer and former professional wrestler. As of 2014, he is signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), after being let go from the WWE.

He is best known for his time with the WWE.  During that time, he used the ring name Josh Mathews. He worked as a backstage announcer and commentator for them. Matthews competed on WWE Tough Enough in 2001. He came in 3rd. Matthews has been working for the WWE since 2003. He has been the commentator for Velocity, Heat, Superstars and ECW. He was the host of the WWE webcast Byte This! Matthews competed in the ring briefly in 2004 when he was the tag team partner for Booker T in a match. He won a match with Orlando Jordan.

On June 25, 2014, he was released from the WWE.

In December 2014, TNA said that Mathews would replace Mike Tenay as lead announcer of Impact Wrestling when it starts on Destination America in January 2015.

References

Other websites

WWE profile
WWE profile

1980 births
American professional wrestlers
American television presenters
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Saurolophus was a duck-billed dinosaur. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous period, 69.5-68.5 million years ago, toward the end of the Mesozoic Era.

Saurolophus had a 5 inch (13 cm) long bony spike extending up from its forehead. There is speculation that this spike was attached to a flap of skin that covered the nostrils and could be blown up for displays and noise-making. Many Saurolophus fossils have been found, including one with fossilized skin impressions, in Alberta, Canada and Mongolia, China.

References 

Hadrosauridae
Stegoceras was a small, plant-eating dinosaur that had a large, thick-skulled head. This dinosaur may have butted heads with others of its kind in bone-shaking contests. Many Stegoceras and other pachycephalosaur fossils have been found in Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA.

Description 
Stegoceras was a herding dinosaur that lived in small groups in coastal and upland regions. Running was probably its first line of defense. Stegoceras lived during the late Cretaceous period, toward the end of the Mesozoic Era, the Age of Reptiles, about 76-65 million years ago. Stegoceras was first found in 1889.

Experiments on models 
Images of the insides of Stegoceras''' fossilised skull showed two layers of dense bone that encase a spongy sinus held apart by tiny struts, has led some scientists to doubt this interpretation.
Computer tomographic (CT) scans on the skulls of Stegoceras'', along with a variety of modern animals were used to create 3D models of the animals' heads. The team was then able to exert virtual stresses to test how the different skulls held up.

Compared to some of today's big hitters, such as the Northern American bighorn sheep, Stegoceras' head was able to withstand the most stress.

References 

Pachycephalosauria
Lambeosaurus was a crested, duck-billed dinosaur. Its large hollow, bony crest was as big as the rest of its skull. Its function has been much discussed.

Lambeosaurus lived during the later Cretaceous period, about 76 to 75 million years ago (mya). Fossils of it have been found in Alberta (Canada), Montana (USA), and Baja California (Mexico), but only the two Canadian species have been described in detail.

Lambeosaurus was described by Dr. William A. Parks in 1923, 20 years after Lawrence Lambe (an early Canadian fossil hunter) had studied it. The genus ranged over much of North America, and into Mexico.

Paleobiology

Feeding
As a hadrosaurid, Lambeosaurus was a large bipedal/quadrupedal herbivore, eating plants. It had a sophisticated skull that allowed a grinding motion like mammalian chewing. Its teeth were continually replaced and were packed into dental batteries that each contained over 100 teeth, only a relative handful of which were in use at any time.
It used its beak to crop plant material, which was held in the jaws by a cheek-like organ. Feeding would have been from the ground up to around 4 meters (13 ft) above.

Lambeosaurines have narrower beaks than hadrosaurines, which suggests  that Lambeosaurus and its relatives could feed more selectively than their broad-beaked, crestless counterparts.

Cranial crest

Like other lambeosaurines such as Parasaurolophus and Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus had a distinctive crest on the top of its head. Its nasal cavity ran back through this crest, making it mostly hollow. Many suggestions have been made for the function or functions of the crest. They include housing salt glands, improving the sense of smell, use as a snorkel or air trap, acting as a resonating chamber for making sounds, or being a method for different species or different sexes of the same species to recognize each other. Social functions such as noisemaking and recognition have become the most widely accepted of these hypotheses.
The large size of hadrosaurid eyes and the presence of sclerotic rings in the eyes imply acute vision and diurnal habits, evidence that sight was important to these animals. The hadrosaurid sense of hearing also appears to be strong. There is at least one example, in the related Corythosaurus, of a slender stapes in place, which combined with a large space for an eardrum implies a sensitive middle ear. The auditory part of the inner ear was well-developed. If used as a noisemaker, the crest could also have provided recognizable differences for different species or sexes, because the differing layouts of the nasal passages corresponding to the different crest shapes would have produced different sounds.

References 

Hadrosauridae
Yuji Hashimoto (born 13 May 1970) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993||rowspan="4"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1994||15||0||3||0||0||0||18||0
|-
|1995||37||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||39||0
|-
|1996||1||0||0||0||4||0||5||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|Football League||24||3||3||0||5||0||32||3
|-
|1998||24||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
102||4||8||0||11||0||121||4
102||4||8||0||11||0||121||4
|}

References

1970 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||Vissel Kobe||Football League||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1996||Albireo Niigata||Regional Leagues||||||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1997||Albirex Niigata||Regional Leagues||||||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Yokogawa Electric||Regional Leagues||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Football League||22||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|2000||21||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||2
46||2||2||0||0||0||48||2
46||2||2||0||0||0||48||2
|}

References

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Atsushi Shirai (born 18 April 1966) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Tanabe Pharmaceuticals||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||25||0||||||1||0||26||0
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Toshiba||JSL Division 1||16||0||||||0||0||16||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||17||0||||||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1996||Consadole Sapporo||Football League||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||17||0||0||0||1||0||18||0
|-
|1998||2||0||1||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="4"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||36||0||2||0||2||0||40||0
|-
|2000||38||0||3||0||1||0||42||0
|-
|2001||39||0||0||0||2||0||41||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
210||0||6||0||9||0||225||0
210||0||6||0||9||0||225||0
|}
1966 births
Living people
Japanese association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Osaka
Niclas Alexandersson (born 29 December 1971) is a former Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989||rowspan="7"|Halmstad||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||4||0
|-
|1990||22||2
|-
|1991||16||3
|-
|1992||Division 1||27||7
|-
|1993||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||25||4
|-
|1994||25||4
|-
|1995||26||5
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Göteborg||rowspan="2"|Allsvenskan||26||7
|-
|1997||26||6

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Sheffield Wednesday||rowspan="3"|Premier League||6||0
|-
|1998/99||32||3
|-
|1999/00||37||5
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Everton||rowspan="3"|Premier League||20||2
|-
|2001/02||31||2
|-
|2002/03||7||0
|-
|2003/04||West Ham United||First Division||8||0

|-
|2004||rowspan="5"|Göteborg||rowspan="5"|Allsvenskan||26||4
|-
|2005||26||6
|-
|2006||24||0
|-
|2007||20||2
|-
|2008||23||6
316||55
141||12
457||67
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||8||2
|-
|1996||6||0
|-
|1997||12||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||10||3
|-
|2000||8||0
|-
|2001||8||1
|-
|2002||12||1
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||11||0
|-
|2006||13||0
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
!Total||109||7
|}

References

1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Halmstad
Barry Ferguson (born 2 February 1978) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Birmingham City and Scotland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="8"|Rangers||rowspan="2"|Premier Division||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1997/98||7||0||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="6"|Premier League||23||1||3||0||4||1||10||0||40||2
|-
|1999/00||31||4||5||1||1||0||12||0||49||5
|-
|2000/01||30||2||3||1||3||1||11||0||47||4
|-
|2001/02||22||1||5||2||3||1||9||3||39||7
|-
|2002/03||36||16||6||2||4||0||2||0||48||18
|-
|2003/04||3||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||5||0

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="2"|Premier League||15||1||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|2004/05||21||2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||2
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="5"|Rangers||rowspan="5"|Premier League||13||2||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|2005/06||32||5||2||0||2||0||10||0||46||5
|-
|2006/07||32||4||1||0||0||0||8||3||41||7
|-
|2007/08||38||7||3||0||3||1||18||1||62||9
|-
|2008/09||22||2||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||26||2

|-
|2009/10||Birmingham City||Premier League||||||||||||||||||||
290||44||34||6||24||4||82||7||430||61
36||3||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||38||4
326||47||35||6||25||5||82||7||468||65
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||3||1
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||3||0
|-
|2007||8||1
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||45||3
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Association football midfielders
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Premier League players
Scottish football managers
Alexander Frei (born 15 July 1979) is a Swiss football player. He plays for Basel and the Switzerland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997/98||Basel||Nationalliga A||11||1
|-
|1998/99||Thun||Nationalliga B||32||6
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Luzern||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga A||32||13
|-
|2000/01||20||4
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Servette||rowspan="3"|Nationalliga A||12||6
|-
|2001/02||33||17
|-
|2002/03||19||13

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Stade Rennais||rowspan="4"|Ligue 1||13||1
|-
|2003/04||28||19
|-
|2004/05||36||19
|-
|2005/06||23||7

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||32||16
|-
|2007/08||13||6
|-
|2008/09||29||12

|-
|2009/10||Basel||Super League||||
159||60
100||46
74||34
333||140
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2001||8||5
|-
|2002||6||2
|-
|2003||8||7
|-
|2004||9||2
|-
|2005||11||7
|-
|2006||11||8
|-
|2007||3||1
|-
|2008||8||5
|-
|2009||9||3
|-
!Total||73||40
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Sportspeople from Basel
Petit (born 25 September 1976) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Köln.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1995/96||Esposende||||26||1
|-
|1996/97||Gondomar||||13||2
|-
|1997/98||União Lamas||Liga Honra||31||3
|-
|1998/99||Esposende||Liga Honra||30||3
|-
|1999/00||Gil Vicente||Portuguese Liga||30||4
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Boavista||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||26||3
|-
|2001/02||25||4
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="6"|Benfica||rowspan="6"|Portuguese Liga||25||2
|-
|2003/04||23||0
|-
|2004/05||29||2
|-
|2005/06||30||3
|-
|2006/07||24||4
|-
|2007/08||17||1

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Köln||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||3
|-
|2009/10||||
329||32
31||3
360||35
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2001||7||0
|-
|2002||9||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||10||2
|-
|2005||6||1
|-
|2006||12||1
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||5||0
|-
!Total||56||4
|}

References 

1976 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Gary Naysmith (born 16 November 1978) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Sheffield United and Scotland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="6"|Heart of Midlothian||rowspan="3"|Premier Division||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1996/97||10||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|1997/98||16||2||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Premier League||26||0||1||0||2||0||3||0||32||0
|-
|1999/00||35||1||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||40||1
|-
|2000/01||9||0||0||0||1||1||4||0||14||1
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="7"|Everton||rowspan="7"|Premier League||20||2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|-
|2001/02||24||0||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|-
|2002/03||28||1||1||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||32||2
|-
|2003/04||29||2||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|2004/05||11||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2005/06||7||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2006/07||15||1||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Sheffield United||rowspan="3"|League Championship||38||0||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|-
|2008/09||39||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
97||3||10||0||5||1||7||0||119||4
211||6||20||0||10||1||colspan="2"|-||241||7
308||9||30||0||15||2||7||0||360||11
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||3||1
|-
|2003||12||0
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||4||0
|-
|2007||6||0
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||46||1
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Edinburgh
Colin Lloyd (born 7 August 1973 in Colchester, Essex), nicknamed "Jaws", is an English professional darts player. He is a player on the Professional Darts Corporation circuit. He used to be a world champion and he has won two major titles in the PDC.

He appeared in the Dartsworld in 1999. In 2000, he had his first time on television. In 2002, he recorded his first major success when he lost in the semi-finals of the PDC World Championships against Peter Manley. In 2003 he reached the semifinals of the Las Vegas Desert Classics, 2004, he won the Sky Bet World Grand Prix 2005, the World Matchplay in Blackpool. In 2005 he was pitted against Phil Taylor in the finale. From 2004/2005 until the beginning of 2006 he was the No. 1 ranked player in the PDC.

Other websites
Darts1-Playerprofil Info-Sites
ColinJawsLloyd.com  Official website

1973 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Essex
Darts
Andrew "Andy" Frank Millen (born 10 June 1965, in Glasgow) is a Scottish retired professional footballer who played in defence. He is the assistant manager of St. Mirren. During his career, Millen played for St Johnstone, Alloa Athletic, Hamilton Academical, Kilmarnock, Hibernian, Raith Rovers, Ayr United, Greenock Morton, Clyde and finished his career with St. Mirren in the Scottish Premier League.

He currently holds the record for oldest player to have played in Scottish Premier League in a match playing for St. Mirren vs Hearts, at the age of 42 years 279 days, on 15 March 2008.

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Scott Robinson (born 12 March 1992 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish professional football player currently playing for Heart of Midlothian in the Scottish Premier League.

He is the youngest player in SPL history. He is also the youngest player to have ever played football for Hearts, having made his first play in a 1-0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle on 26 April 2008. He was 16 years, 1 month and 14 days old.

References

1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Edinburgh
David Goodwillie (born 28 March 1989 in Stirling) is a Scottish footballer who currently plays for Dundee United in the Scottish Premier League.

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Stirling
Scottish football managers
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Anthony Stokes (born 25 July 1988 in Dublin) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Scottish Premier League club Hibernian. He has also played for the Republic of Ireland national football team.

References

1988 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Steven John Pressley (born October 11, 1973 in Elgin, Moray) is a Scottish former international footballer. He last played for Falkirk in the Scottish Premier League. He was joint Scotland assistant manager with Terry Butcher until September 2009.

References

1973 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
People from Moray
Craig Sinclair Gordon (born 31 December 1982 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish footballer, currently playing as a goalkeeper for both Sunderland and the Scotland national team.

References

1982 births
Living people
British association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Edinburgh
Alan Hutton (born 30 November 1984) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur and also the Scottish national team. He is a right back.

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Justin Jason Roberts (born December 29, 1979) is an American ring announcer. He is best known for his time with the WWE.

Career
Roberts began watching wrestling, after he saw Saturday Night's Main Event and met Kerry Von Erich and The Ultimate Warrior at a hotel in Wisconsin. The combined events made Roberts become a fan of professional wrestling. He also trained for a short time as a referee so he could be in the same ring as Curt Hennig, because he was a fan of him.

Roberts began ring announcing at age 16 for local professional wrestling promotion Pro Wrestling International, and announced his first match in November 1996. While studying Media Arts and Communications at the University of Arizona from 1998 to 2002, Roberts worked for other independent promotions such as the American Wrestling Alliance, All Pro Wrestling, and Impact Zone Wrestling. During this time, he also announced for the Toughman Contest.
World Wrestling Entertainment
In 2002, Roberts was hired by World Wrestling Entertainment as a backup announcer for SmackDown, and then by moving to the Raw brand. He also worked on Velocity and Heat shows while touring as the full time Raw live event announcer. Also, Roberts announced the ECW show each week on the Sci Fi Network until September 2007, before swapping with SmackDown's Tony Chimel. Roberts was the most well known in his career when he announced the main event of WrestleMania XXIV between Edge and The Undertaker on March 30, 2008. Also announcing SmackDown and pay-per-view matches, Roberts would also announce on WWE Superstars, including its first episode on April 16, 2009.

Beginning on September 28, 2009, Roberts took over the Raw announcing job from Lilian Garcia.

On October 13, 2014, WWE decided not to renew his contract.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 WWE profile
1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Chicago
People from Scottsdale, Arizona
All Elite Wrestling people
WWE people
Sportspeople from Arizona
Wisdom literature is a genre of literature that was common in the  ancient Near East. Wisdom literature is about sayings of wisdom that teach about divinity and wisdom. The story-telling used is the same than in other forms of literature. Wisdom literature  tells the reader has about how nature is made, and what reality is. 
There are two kinds of wisdom literature:
Sayings
Speculative wisdom literature
Sayings are generalized. Speculative wisdom literature are about a person, and its relationship to questions such as the meaning of life, suffering or the relationship between that person and a deity.

Christianity 
The Jews sometimes say the Old Testament is the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings. Included inside the Writings are Psalms and wisdom materials like Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. These wisdom books are related to certain people called "wise men" who were an important part of Israelite society. ()
Examples
The collection of Ptah-Hotep, dated to about 2450 BC.
In the second half of the second millennium BC, there are a number of writings from Ugarit, Emar and other centres in Western Syria
Certain books of the Bible are classified as Wisdom literature
Mirrors for princes writings have a long history in Islamic and Western literature. These writings are secular though.
In Classical Antiquity there was "advice poetry", for example Hesiod's Works and Days

Religious literature
The map lichen is a species of lichen, Rhizocarpon geographicum. It grows on rocks in areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of spores. These patches grow next to each other. This makes the lichen look like a map or a patchwork field.

Map lichen is a lichen widely used by climatologists to determine  the relative age of deposits. As an example, they might use it in  a moraine systems, to tell how long a rock has been exposed. With this they can also tell about glacial advances. The process is called lichenometry.
 
Lichenometry is based on the assumption that the largest lichen growing on a rock is the oldest individual. If the growth rate is known, the maximum lichen size will give a minimum age for when this rock was deposited.
Growth rates for different areas and species can be obtained by measuring maximum lichen sizes on substrates of known age, such as gravestones, historic or prehistoric rock buildings, or moraines of known age (e.g. those deposited during the Little Ice Age).

Fungi
Die Frau vom Checkpoint Charlie (English: The Woman of Checkpoint Charlie) is a movie in two parts about a woman who manages to escape to the west from the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), but is separated from her children.  She spent six years trying to get the East German government to allow her daughters to join her in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).  It is based on a true story.  It was first shown on French-German television station ARTE on 28 September 2007.

The woman’s name was Jutta Fleck.  In the movie she is called Sara Bender.  She is played by the actress Veronica Ferres.  Her children were called Claudia and Beate.  In the movie they are called Silvia and Sabine (or “Bine” – pronounce “BEE-ne” - for short).

The story

Part 1
The story

Part 1 

In 1982 Sara Bender is living with her two daughters Silvia (11) und Sabine (9) in Erfurt in the GDR (East Germany).  Their mother said some things that criticized the government of their country.  In a communist country like the GDR it was a bad thing to be critical of the government.  Because of what their mother said, her children were treated badly at school.

Sara wants to marry Peter Koch, whom she knows at work.  A wedding is arranged.  Sara’s father lives in Helmstedt in the West Germany.  He travels to his daughter’s wedding, but on the way he has an accident on the motorway and is seriously injured.  The wedding is postponed.  Sara wants to visit her father in hospital in West Germany, but the government of the GDR do not allow her to go because of the critical things she had said.  Her father dies.  Sara still keeps asking for permission to leave her country, but she is not allowed, and things are made difficult for her at work.
She tries to escape from the GDR with her two daughters.  They manage to get to Romania, and they want to go to Yugoslavia, but they are caught by the East German secret police (Stasi).  The Stasi knew they were going to try to escape because they had put secret microphones in Sara’s flat so that they could hear everything that was said.  Sara and the children are brought back to East Berlin.  At the airport the children are separated from their mother.  They are taken to a children’s home in Dresden.  Sara is locked up in a  police cell.  Her friend Peter, whom she had wanted to marry, turns out to be on the side of the Stasi.  He works against her.  Sara is sentenced to three years in prison.

Part 2
Part 2 

After two years in prison Sara is let out, thanks to the West German government who paid the GDR to free her and let her come to the West.  She is still not allowed to see her two daughters who had been sent to live with a foster family who were loyal to the communist government. Sara is tricked into signing papers which actually mean that she no longer has any rights to see her daughters.

Sara cannot bear to be in the West without her daughters.  She immediately starts to beg the GDR to let her daughters join her, but nothing happens.  Even the West German government does not help her, because, for political reasons, they do not want to make bad relationships with the GDR in East Berlin.
Sara thinks the only way she can make anyone take any notice of her is to get publicity.  She gets help from a journalist and photographer Richard Panter.  She stands at Checkpoint Charlie, the place in the middle of  Berlin,  where foreigners could cross over from one side of the divided city to the other.  She wears a big placard which says: “Give my children back to me!”.  Richard takes photographs and gets newspapers all over the world to print them.  The GDR government does not like this at all.  They send agents to threaten her.  She is even attacked and wounded in the street, and told that next time she will be killed if she carries on her campaign.  Even the FRG (West German) ask her to stop her campaign, because it is bad for international relations.

However, Sara does not stop.  She manages to contact her children by smuggling letters and messages on  cassettes.  The girls are really cheered up and think they will soon be able to join their mother in the West.  But no permission is given.
Sara travels to a conference in Helsinki where she wants to speak to Hans-Dietrich Genscher, the West German Minister for Foreign Affairs (the movie is slightly different here to what really happened).  She is given a lift in a car by men who say they are taking her to Genscher, but they are Stasi agents who take her to a forest to murder her, but she manages to escape.

Her two daughters are told that their mother has been killed in a car crash, but this is a lie. The children happen to see their mother demonstrating on a television news report.  They realize she is still alive.  Her foster parents find a recording on a cassette on which the girls have criticized the GDR government.  They are harshly punished.

In the end their foster mother feels sorry for them and helps to persuade the GDR government to let the children go.  They are reunited with their mother in West Berlin.

Literature
Horst Schneider: Gruselstory Checkpoint Charlie, Verlag Wiljo Heinen, Böklund 2008,

Other websites
Other websites
 

Television movies
2007 movies
Movies set in Berlin
Movies set in Germany
German-language movies
The Mulde is a river in Central Germany. It is formed when the Zwickauer Mulde and the Freiberger Mulde coming from the Erzgebirge meet near Colditz. It runs on through the Saxon towns Grimma, Wurzen and Eilenburg to Dessau in Saxony-Anhalt. The river flows three kilometers north of Dessau into the Elbe River.

The Mulde has a length of 124 kilometers and is one of the fastest rivers in Central Europe. It is not navigable.

Geography of Saxony
Geography of Saxony-Anhalt
Rivers of Germany
Grimma is a town on the banks of the river Mulde in northwestern Saxony, Germany. It is about  southeast of the city of Leipzig.

References

Other websites

 www.grimma.de 

Leipzig (district)
Wurzen is a town on the banks of the river Mulde in north-western Saxony, Germany, about  east of the city of Leipzig.

One of its claims to fame is the fact that in 1768, the famous German author Goethe traveled through Wurzen and had to wait a long time for the ferry over the Mulde River. While waiting for the boat, he was doing some thinking and later wrote a part of Faust.

References

Other websites 

Official website

Leipzig (district)
(born September 14, 1986) is a Japanese pop singer. She sings upbeat songs in the group Morning Musume which is a part of the Hello! Project unity. She was the leader of the group.

Biography 

Her first appearance on TV was in 1999, on a children's talent show, where she won a prize.

She joined Morning Musume in 2001 with Asami Konno, Makoto Ogawa and Risa Niigaki. Her first single was "Mr. Moonlight ~Ai no BIG BAND~" which she sang with the group. In 2002 she launched her first photobook alone and joined the group Mini Moni. She also acted in a movie, MiniMoni Ja Movie: Okashina Daibouken. She was called "Takkity" by her fans because her dress in the movie was like a black cat.

In 2003 she replaced Mari Yaguchi in the group Mini Moni. In 2007 she became leader of the group Morning Musume after Miki Fujimoto left the team. In 2008 she joined a new group, High King, created to promote the musical: "Cinderella the Musical". Takahashi plays the main character in this musical.
In 2009 she was made the leader of the group Hello!Project. She is the only member of Morning Musume that plays a character in a dorama (Japanese drama).

Discography and releases

Singles

Photobooks

DVDs

Acts

Television dramas

Television shows

Radio

References

Other websites 
 Morning Musume: Official Hello! Project profile  
 Hello Project – Official webpage.
 Hello Online - English community of Hello!Project.

1986 births
Living people
Japanese musical entertainers
J-pop
People from Fukui Prefecture
Diffusion is a process where molecules of a material move from an area of high concentration (where there are many molecules) to an area of low concentration (where there are fewer molecules)until it has reached equilibrium (molecules evenly spread).   

Diffusion usually happens in a mixture in gas, a liquid and occasionally colloids. It is possible to see diffusion happening when two liquids are mixed in a transparent container. 
It describes the constant movement of particles in all liquids, gases and colloids. These particles move in all directions bumping into each other.

Examples 

 A sugar cube is left in a beaker of water for a while.
 The smell of ammonia spreads from the front of the classroom to the back of the room.
 Fumes of perfume rise from the bottle when the top is removed.
 Food coloring dropped on the beaker spreads out.
 the smell of food spread in the whole house
Molecules tend to move from places of high concentration to places of low concentration, just by moving randomly. For example, there is more oxygen in a lung than there is oxygen in the blood so oxygen molecules will tend to move into the blood. Similarly, there is more carbon dioxide molecules in the blood than in the lung so carbon dioxide molecules will tend to move into the lung. It happens in cell biology, where small molecules simply diffuse through the cell membrane, but larger molecules only get through by using energy: see active transport.

The random movement of fluid molecules makes them spread out until a boundary stops them.

Diffusion is a passive process, therefore does not require energy as it occurs down a concentration gradient. 

Osmosis and heat transfer are types of diffusion.

Rate of Diffusion 
Diffusion is affected by:
the concentration gradient - diffusion will be greater where gradient is larger
 the temperatures - diffusion will happen faster when temperatures are higher as there is more kinetic energy
 the surface area - diffusion will be greater where it's greater
 the diffusion distance - diffusion will be greater where there is a short diffusion distance

Surface Area and Volume 
In small unicellular organisms, simple diffusion can exchange molecules quickly enough to keep them alive. A high surface area to volume ratio helps.

However, for multicellular organism simple diffusion is not enough. They need to move more material over longer distances to remain alive. They have evolved to have internal structures and systems for rapid distribution movement. For example, humans have lungs to make diffusion happen rapidly. The same happens in plants with the leaf.

Related pages 
 Osmosis
Heat transfer

References 

 
Physical chemistry
Thermodynamics
"Bart Gets Hit by a Car" is the tenth episode of The Simpsons second season. The episode first started on January 10, 1991.

This episode has the first appearance of "Dr. Nick Riviera", "Lionel Hutz", and the "Blue-Haired Lawyer". Also, recurring (appearing in several episodes) guest star Phil Hartman and the show's then-script supervisor Doris Grau made their first episode in the show.

References

Other websites 

The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
1991 television episodes
"One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish" is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons second season. It first started on the Fox network in the United States on January 24, 1991. In this episode, Homer eats a poisonous fugu fish at a sushi restaurant, and is told that he has only twenty-four hours left to live. He accepts his fate and makes a list of all the things he wants to do before he dies. Some of the things he wanted to do include: Hanging out with Grandpa.

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
The Blythe Intaglios are a group of figures on the ground near Blythe, California. They are similar to the Nazca Lines in Peru. They can be seen well only from high up. One of the figures is Mustamho, a creator deity.

The Blythe Intaglios are on the National Register of Historic Places. They are also a California Historical Landmark.
Native Americans
National Register of Historic Places
Archaeological sites in the United States
History of California
California Historical Landmarks

Works of art
"The Way We Was" is the twelfth episode of The Simpsons second season. It first started on the Fox network in the United States on January 31, 1991. In this episode, Marge tells the story of how she and Homer first met and fell in love. Going back to 1974, we see how Homer falls in love with Marge in high school and tries to get close to her by  her as his French tutor. After several hours of verb conjugation, Marge falls for Homer too, only to become mad when he says that he is not a French student. Marge decides not to go to the prom with Homer and goes with "Artie Ziff". Artie turns out to be a bad date and Marge realizes that it is Homer she really wants.

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
"Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of The Simpsons. It first aired on February 7, 1991. In this episode, Homer gets an illegal cable hook-up. They enjoy the new channels, but Lisa thinks that they are stealing cable. Lisa protests by no longer watching television. Meanwhile, Homer invites his friends over to watch a boxing match, but Lisa's protest gets to him. He decides not to watch the fight and cuts the cable. It is one of a number of The Simpsons episodes that have won an Emmy Award.

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
Emmy Award winning programs
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
"Principal Charming" is the fourteenth episode of the second season of The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 14, 1991. In this episode, Marge's sister "Selma" is looking for a husband, so Marge tells Homer to help her find one. Things go wrong, however, when Homer invites "Principal Skinner" over for dinner and Skinner instead falls for Selma's twin sister Patty.

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
"Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?" is the fifteenth and penultimate episode of The Simpsons second season. It first started on the Fox network in the United States on February 21, 1991. In this episode, Grampa confesses that Homer has a half-brother, who Homer quickly tries to track down. He eventually finds that his brother is "Herbert Powell", the head of a car maker. Herb quickly starts to bond with Bart and Lisa, and he invites Homer to design his own car. Homer's car design turns out to be bad, which causes Herb to become bankrupt penultimate episode of season The Simpsons February 21 This is today February 15th yes Homer Yes

Promos for the next episode on February 15th, 1991 aired during the commercial break for Principal Charming February 14, 1991, on the FOX network.

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
Bart's Dog Gets an "F" is the sixteenth episode of The Simpsons second season. It was first shown on the Fox Broadcasting network in the United States on March 7, 1991.

Plot 
In this episode, the Simpson family's dog, "Santa's Little Helper", chews on Homer's new shoes. The dog also destroys a prized family treasure and eats Homer's cookie. The family gets angry at the dog. As a result, Bart is forced to train "Santa's Little Helper" at an obedience school so that the family will not give him away. At first, the dog acts very badly. At the last minute, he passes the test.

References

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
In psychiatry, the term thought disorder or formal thought disorder refers to a condition where people have problems with consistent and straight thinking leading to abnormalities e.g. with spoken and written language. The people who have this condition use language that is disordered, or sometimes hard to follow. According to the psychiatrists, language is a reflection of thought processes. People who have difficulty speaking therefore often also have difficulty thinking.

Thought disorder is considered to be a symptom of psychotic mental illness, but there can also be other causes for it.

The condition it describes is permanent. It affects speech and writing. Those affected may speak all the time, or they may show patterns like switching ideas inside a sentence. They may also use different words that do not fit together at all; this is known as 'word salad'.
Eugen Bleuler, who named schizophrenia, held that its defining characteristic was a disorder of the thinking process. However, although the delusions and hallucinations of psychosis could also be considered as disorders of thought, the term formal thought disorder applies specifically to the presumed disruption in the flow of conscious verbal thought that is inferred from spoken language. This is typically what is referred to when the strictly less accurate, more commonly used but abbreviated term, 'thought disorder', is used.

References

Symptoms
Minoru Suganuma (born 16 May 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashiwa Reysol.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2003||4||1||1||0||0||0||5||1
|-
|2004||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0

|-
|2005||Vitória||Série B||0||0||||||||||0||0

|-
|2006||Ehime||J. League 2||45||11||2||0||colspan="2"|-||47||11
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||29||6||0||0||6||0||35||6
|-
|2008||29||10||5||2||6||1||40||13
|-
|2009||30||4||2||0||6||2||38||6
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
143||32||10||2||19||3||172||37
0||0||||||||||0||0
143||32||10||2||19||3||172||37
|}

References

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Shaun Maloney (born 24 January 1983) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Celtic and Scotland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="7"|Celtic||rowspan="7"|Premier League||4||0
|-
|2001/02||16||5
|-
|2002/03||20||3
|-
|2003/04||17||5
|-
|2004/05||2||0
|-
|2005/06||36||13
|-
|2006/07||9||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||1
|-
|2007/08||22||4

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Celtic||rowspan="2"|Premier League||21||4
|-
|2009/10||||
125||30
30||5
155||35
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||7||1
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||17||1
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Aberdeen
Malaysian people
Johan Mjällby (born 9 February 1971) is a former Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989||rowspan="10"|AIK Solna||rowspan="10"|Allsvenskan||1||0
|-
|1990||14||0
|-
|1991||26||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||7||0
|-
|1994||23||0
|-
|1995||19||0
|-
|1996||23||5
|-
|1997||7||1
|-
|1998||24||2

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="6"|Celtic||rowspan="6"|Premier League||17||1
|-
|1999/00||30||2
|-
|2000/01||35||4
|-
|2001/02||35||3
|-
|2002/03||14||3
|-
|2003/04||13||0

|-
|2004/05||Levante||La Liga||3||0

|-
|2006||AIK Solna||Allsvenskan||1||0
145||8
144||13
3||0
292||21
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||7||1
|-
|1999||7||1
|-
|2000||11||2
|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2002||10||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
!Total||49||4
|}

References

1971 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Sweden at UEFA Euro 2000
Sweden at the 2002 FIFA World Cup
Sweden at UEFA Euro 2004
Bogdan Lobonţ (born 18 January 1978) is a Romanian football player. He plays for Roma and Romania national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Corvinul Hunedoara||rowspan="2"|Divizia B||6||0
|-
|1996/97||34||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Rapid Bucureşti||rowspan="3"|Divizia A||33||0
|-
|1998/99||31||0
|-
|1999/00||16||0

|-
|2000/01||Ajax||Eredivisie||1||0

|-
|2001/02||Dinamo Bucureşti||Divizia A||22||0

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Ajax||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||17||0
|-
|2003/04||24||0
|-
|2004/05||7||0

|-
|2005/06||Fiorentina||Serie A||17||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Dinamo Bucureşti||rowspan="3"|Liga I||14||0
|-
|2007/08||32||0
|-
|2008/09||25||0

|-
|2009/10||Roma||Serie A||||
214||0
49||0
17||0
280||0
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||5||0
|-
|2000||8||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||3||0
|-
|2003||9||0
|-
|2004||7||0
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||6||0
|-
|2007||11||0
|-
|2008||10||0
|-
|2009||3||0
|-
!Total||74||0
|}

References
References 

1978 births
Living people
Romanian footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Kim Källström (born 24 August 1982) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Spartak Moscow and Sweden national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Häcken||Division 1||22||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||5
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Allsvenskan||23||2||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||3
|-
|2001||24||8||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||8
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Djurgården||rowspan="2"|Allsvenskan||24||12||6||3||colspan="2"|-||6||2||36||17
|-
|2003||24||14||3||1||colspan="2"|-||2||0||29||15
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Stade Rennais||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||18||7||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||21||7
|-
|2004/05||31||5||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||33||6
|-
|2005/06||34||8||5||1||0||0||4||3||43||12
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|OLYMPİQUE LYON||rowspan="4"|Ligue 1||33||3||3||0||4||0||6||1||46||4
|-
|2007/08||37||5||6||0||2||0||8||1||53||6
|-
|2008/09||32||2||2||0||1||0||6||0||41||2
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
117||40||15||6||colspan="2"|-||8||2||140||48
174||30||20||1||8||1||24||5||226||37
291||70||35||7||8||1||32||7||366||85
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||7||1
|-
|2004||10||1
|-
|2005||7||2
|-
|2006||12||2
|-
|2007||9||2
|-
|2008||10||3
|-
|2009||9||2
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||71||13
|}

References

1982 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Teemu Tainio (born 27 November 1979) is a Finnish football player. He plays for Ajax and Finland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996-1997||Haka||Ykkönen||46||14||||||||||4||0||50||14

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="8"|Auxerre||rowspan="5"|Division 1||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|-
|1998/99||13||1||||||||||||||13||1
|-
|1999/00||25||3||||||||||||||25||3
|-
|2000/01||10||1||||||||||||||10||1
|-
|2001/02||28||3||||||||||||||28||3
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||25||1||||||||||11||1||36||2
|-
|2003/04||22||3||||||||||7||1||29||4
|-
|2004/05||26||2||||||||||7||0||33||2

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="3"|Premier League||24||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||1
|-
|2006/07||21||2||4||0||1||0||6||0||32||2
|-
|2007/08||16||0||2||0||5||0||3||0||26||0
|-
|2008/09||Sunderland||Premier League||21||0||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||23||1
|-
|2009/10||Birmingham City||Premier League||6||0||0||0||||||||||6||0
|-
|2010/11||Ajax||Eredivisie||2||0||1||0||||||2||0||5||0
|-
46||14||||||||||4||0||50||14
150||14||12||2||11||1||25||2||198||19
88||3||8||0||7||1||9||0||112||4
||2||0||1||0||||||2||0||5||0
286||31||21||2||18||2||40||2||365||37
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||4||1
|-
|2002||6||0
|-
|2003||6||3
|-
|2004||2||1
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||6||1
|-
|2008||5||0
|-
|2009||4||0
|-
|2010||1||0
|-
!Total||51||6
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Finnish footballers