Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Senate is the upper house of the Parliament of Australia. The lower house is the House of Representatives. Senators are elected for a term that is usually six years. But some senators have three year terms. The Senate has a lot of power from the Australian Constitution.

There are currently 76 people in the Senate.

Notes

Senate, Australian
Australia
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. The upper house is the Senate. Members of Parliament (MPs) serve for terms of about three years. There are 151 members. Each member represents one electorate. The number of electorates is figured out so that it is in proportion to the population of each state/territory. and so that each one has roughly the same population. This is determined by the AEC (Australian Electoral Commission).

Notes

References

Parliament of Australia
Austral
UTC+06:30 is the timezone in places below.  The time is 6.5 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.

As standard time (all year round)
Australia
Cocos Islands
Myanmar

UTC offsets
UTC+07:00 is the timezone in places below.  The time is 7 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.  This timezone is also known as Indochina Time (ICT).

As standard time (all year round)
Australia
Christmas Island
Cambodia
Indonesia (Western)
Central Kalimantan, Java, Sumatra, West Kalimantan

 Mongolia  (Far Western)
Khovd, Uvs, and Bayan-Ölgii

Laos
Thailand
Vietnam
Russia - Omsk Time
Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast.

East Asia
It is considered the westernmost time zone in East Asia.

Discrepancies between official UTC+07 and geographical UTC+07
Although usually time zones are made based on longitude, there are some differences.

Areas located within UTC+07 longitudes using other time zones
Many parts of China, including for example Guangxi Province and Hainan Island
Most of central Mongolia including the capital Ulaanbaatar
Peninsular Malaysia
Western part of Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo including Kuching
Singapore
Areas located outside UTC+07 longitudes using UTC+07 time

Areas between 82°30′ W and 97°30′ E ("physical" UTC+06)
The westernmost part of Indonesia including Banda Aceh.

Areas between 102°30′ W and 117°30′ E ("physical" UTC+08)
The easternmost part of Java including Surabaya, Malang, and Banyuwangi.

References
Asian time zones

UTC offsets
Usually, an automatic rifle is a rifle that continuously fires bullet as long as the trigger is pressed. Cartridge shells are ejected and new cartridges are loaded into the chamber automatically. However, most automatic rifles are designed to give both semi- and fully automatic fire. This is called selective fire. They also rifle bullets from a magazine. These features makes them different from other automatic firearms like the machine gun and submachine gun.

Use
Soldiers in the United States Army who carry the M249 SAW are called automatic riflemen. The weapon is also called an automatic rifle. However, it is a fully automatic firearm. These are normally called squad automatic weapons (SAW) or light machine guns.
An assault rifle is quite similar to an automatic rifle. However, it uses less powerful bullets than the machine gun or battle rifle. This allows the soldier using it to control the recoil of the weapon without using a bipod or something similar. Bullets like these are called "intermediate" bullets. For example, the AK-47 assault rifle often uses a 7.62x39mm bullet. The bullet is the same diameter. However, it is smaller and less powerful compared to the 7.62x54mmR. The 7.62x54mmR was what was being used with rifles when the AK-47 was brought in to service.

History
History 

The very first automatic rifle was the Mexican Mondragón rifle. It was designed by General Manuel Mondragón. He began working on the weapon in 1882. He patented it in 1887. In the 20th century, automatic rifles go back to World War I. This is where the Browning Automatic Rifle (B.A.R.) and Huot were first used. They were supposed to be used like light machine guns to help soldiers attack. However, only the Mondragón rifle and the B.A.R. were used in World War I.

Examples
Farquhar-Hill rifle
Federov Avtomat
Cei-Rigotti
Browning Automatic Rifle
M1946 Sieg automatic rifle
MTB 1925

Related pages 
Semi-automatic rifle
Assault rifle
Sniper rifle
Light machine gun
Squad automatic weapon

References

Other websites
UTC+06:00 is the timezone in places below. The time is 6 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.

As standard time (all year round)
Bangladesh - previously used this as standard time and UTC+07:00 as daylight saving time
Bhutan
British Indian Ocean Territory (including Chagos Archipelago and Diego Garcia)
Kazakhstan - most of country (including Nur-Sultan and Almaty)
Kyrgyzstan
Russia - Yekaterinburg Time - Asia/Yekaterinburg
Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Perm Krai, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast
China, Unofficial time zone in Tibet and XUAR

UTC offsets
UTC+11:30 is the timezone in places below. The time is 11.5 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time. This time zone was used in Norfolk Island until October 4, 2015.

As standard time (all year round)
Australia
Norfolk Island

UTC offsets

es:Huso horario#UTC+11:30, L†
Country Code: +61
International Call Prefix: 0011
Trunk Prefix: 0

The Australian telephone numbering plan is how phone numbers work in Australia.  It has changed many times.  The most recent major change was between 1994 and 1998.

Present numbering plan Overview 
Australia is divided geographically into four large area codes. The standard telephone number in Australia has ten digits.  The first digit is '0'.

The first digits are for the type of service. The following list is a high level of numbering plan presented in domestic format. Geographical region boundaries do not exactly follow state borders.

00 Emergency and International access
01 Alternative phone services
02 Geographic: Central East region (NSW, ACT)
03 Geographic: South-east region (VIC, TAS)
04 Digital Mobile services (GSM and 3G)
05 Universal/Personal numberings
07 Geographic: North-east region (QLD)
08 Geographic: Central and West region (SA, NT, WA)
1 Non-geographic numbers (mostly for domestic use only)
Overview of plan between 1980s and 1994 
 00 TAS, toll-free, premium, satellite telephones
 01 AMPS mobile services
 02 Sydney
 03 Melbourne
 04 NSW regional areas less than 200 km away from Sydney
 05 VIC regional areas
 06 ACT, NSW regional areas more than 200 km away from Sydney
 07 QLD
 08 SA, NT
 09 WA

000 is the emergency telephone number in Australia.

References

Australia
Australia
This list is about 1910 in music.

Events
March 19 - Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 1 is premiered in Budapest
June 25 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet, The Firebird, is premiered in Paris
September 12 - Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8, the Symphony of a Thousand, is premiered in Munich.
October - Pietro Mascagni and Giacomo Puccini make up after their 1905 quarrel.
November 7 - the musical comedy, Naughty Marietta, with music by Victor Herbert, is first performed on Broadway
November 10 - Edward Elgar conducts the premiere of his Violin Concerto, with Fritz Kreisler playing the solo part
Mary Garden begins her 20-year reign as soprano of the Chicago Civic Opera
Published popular music
 "Ah! Sweet Mystery Of Life" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert.  From the operetta Naughty Marietta
 "Alexander and His Clarinet" w. Irving Berlin m. Ted Snyder
 "All Aboard For Blanket Bay" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
 "All That I Ask Of You Is Love" w. Edgar Selden m. Herbert Ingraham
 "Alma, Where Do You Live?" w. George V. Hobart m. Adolph Philipp
 "Angel Eyes" w. Alfred Bryan m. James Kendis & Herman Paley
 "Angels" w.m. Irving Berlin
 "Any Little Girl, That's a Nice Little Girl, is the Right Little Girl For Me" w. Thomas J. Gray m. Fred Fisher
 "Back To My Old Home Town" w.m. Nora Bayes & Jack Norworth
 "A Banjo Song" by Howard Weeden
 "The Big Bass Viol" w.m. M. T. Bohannon
 "The Birth of Passion" w. Otto Harbach m. Karl Hoschna.  From the musical Madame Sherry.
 "Bring Back My Lena To Me" w.m. Irving Berlin & David Andrew Noll
 "By The Saskatchewan" w. C. M. S. McLellan m. Ivan Caryll
 "Call Me Up Some Rainy Afternoon" w.m. Irving Berlin
"Caprice Viennois" m. Fritz Kreisler
 "The Chanticleer Rag" w. Edward Madden m. Albert Gumble
 "The Chicken Reel" m. Joseph M. Daly
 "Cloud-Chief" m. J. Ernest Philie.
 "Come Josephine In My Flying Machine" w. Alfred Bryan m. Fred Fisher
 "Come To The Ball" w. Adrian Ross m. Lionel Monckton
 "Constantly" w. Chris Smith m. James Henry Burris
 "Day Dreams, Visions Of Bliss" w. Harry B. Smith & Robert B. Smith m. Heinrich Reinhardt
 "Dear Mayme, I Love You!" Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
 "Doctor Tinkle Tinker" by Otto Harbach
 "Don't Wake Me Up, I'm Dreaming" w. Beth Slater Whitson m. Herbert Ingraham
 "Down By The Old Mill Stream" w.m. Tell Taylor
 "Dreams, Just Dreams" Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
 "Every Little Movement" w. Otto Harbach m. Karl Hoschna
 "Gee But It's Great To Meet A Friend From Your Old Home Town" w. William Tracey m. James Mc Gavisk
 "Goodbye Rose" w. Addison Burkhart m. Herbert Ingraham
 "Grizzly Bear" w.m. George Botsford & Irving Berlin
"Herman Let's Dance That Beautiful Waltz" Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
 "How Can You Love Such A Man?" Berlin
 " I Feel So Lonely" w.m. Bert Lee.  Introduced by Fred Allandale in the musical The Islander
 "I'd Love To Live In Loveland" w.m. W. R. Williams (Rossiter)
 "If He Comes In I'm Going Out" w. Cecil Mack m. Chris Smith
 "If I Was A Millionaire" w. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
 "I'm Falling In Love With Someone" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert
 "I'm Henery the Eighth" w.m. Fred Murray & R. P. Weston
 "In The Shadows" w. E. Ray Goetz m. Herman Finck
 "Is There Anything Else I Can Do For You?" w.m. Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
 "Italian Street Song" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert
 "I've Got The Time I've Got The Place But It's Hard To Find The Girl" w. Ballard MacDonald m. S. R. Henry
 "Joshua" w.m George Arthurs & Bert Lee
 "Kiss Me, My Honey, Kiss Me" w. Irving Berlin m. Ted Snyder
 "Let Me Call You Sweetheart" w. Beth Slater Whitson m. Leo Friedman
"Let Me Live And Stay In Dixieland" w.m. Elizabeth Brice & Charles King
 "Liebesfreud" m. Fritz Kreisler
 "Liebeslied" m. Fritz Kreisler
 "Life Is Only What You Make It After All" w. Edgar Smith m. A. Baldwin Sloane
 "Macushla" w. Josephine V. Rowe m. Dermot MacMurrough
"Maiden with the Dreamy Eyes" w. J. W. Johnson m. Bob Cole
 "Morning" w. Frank Lebby Stanton m. Oley Speaks
 "Mother Machree" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Ernest R. Ball & Chauncey Olcott
 " 'Neath The Southern Moon" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert.  From the operetta Naughty Marietta.
 "Nora Malone" w. Junie McCree m. Albert Von Tilzer
 "Oh How That German Could Love" w.m. Irving Berlin & Ted Snyder
 "Oh That Beautiful Rag" w. Irving Berlin m. Ted Snyder
 "On Mobile Bay" w. Earl C. Jones m. Neil Moret
 "A Perfect Day" w.m. Carrie Jacobs-Bond
 "Plant A Watermelon On My Grave And Let The Juice Soak Through" w.m. Frank Dumont & R. P. Lilly
 "Play That Barbershop Chord" w. Ballard MacDonald & William Tracey m. Lewis F. Muir
 "Put On Your Ta-Ta Little Girlie" w.m. Fred Leigh
 "Put Your Arms Around Me Honey" w. Junie McCree m. Harry Von Tilzer
 "Red Pepper: A Spicy Rag" m. Henry Lodge
 "Silver Bell" w. Edward Madden  m. Percy Wenrich
 "Silver Star" m. Charles L. Johnson
"Some Of These Days" w.m. Shelton Brooks
 "Spaghetti Rag" m. George Lyons & Bob Yosco
 "Steamboat Bill" w. Ren Shields m. Bert Leighton & Frank Leighton
 "Stein Song (Maine)" w. Lincoln Colcord m. E. A. Fenstad
 "Stop, Stop, Stop (Come Over And Love Me Some More)" w.m. Irving Berlin
 "Sweet Italian Love" Irving Berlin, Ted Snyder
 "Tambourin Chinois" m. Fritz Kreisler
 "Telling Lies" Irving Berlin, Henrietta Blanke-Belcher
 "That Minor Strain" w. Cecil Mack m. Ford Dabney
 "That Opera Rag" Irving Berlin, Ted Snyder
 "That's Why They Call Me "Shine"" w. Cecil Mack m. Ford Dabney
 "Tramp! Tramp! Tramp!" w. Rida Johnson Young m. Victor Herbert
 "Two Little Love Bees" w. Harry B. Smith & Robert B. Smith m. Heinrich Reinhardt
 "Under The Yum Yum Tree" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
 "Vissi D'Arte" Giacossa, Illica, Puccini
 "Washington And Lee Swing" w. Thornton W. Allen & C. A. Robbins m. Thornton W. Allen & M. W. Sheafe
 "What's The Matter With Father?" w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
"Who Are You With Tonight?" w. Harry Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
 "You Are The Ideal Of My Dreams" w.m. Herbert Ingraham
Classical music
Victor Ewald - Symphony for Brass
Gustav Mahler - Symphony No. 9 finished
Erkki Melartin - String Quartet No. 4
Nikolai Myaskovsky - Symphonic poem Silence; original versions of String Quartet No. 3, String Quartet No. 4
Carl Nielsen - At the Bier of a Young Artist (orchestral for funeral)
Arnold Schoenberg - Five Pieces for Orchestra
Alexander Scriabin - Prometheus, "The Poem of Fire"
Igor Stravinsky - The Firebird
Ralph Vaughan Williams - Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis, Symphony No. 1 ('A Sea Symphony')

Opera
Giacomo Puccini - La fanciulla del West (The Girl of the Golden West), libretto by Guelfo Civinini and Carlo Zangarini, first performed in New York City
Jules Massenet - Don Quichotte premiered in Monte Carlo, starring Feodor Chaliapin
Gialdino Gialdini - La Bufera premiered November 26 at the Politeama Ciscutti, Pola
Scott Joplin - Treemonisha completed but not staged

Musical theater
The Balkan Princess London production opened at the Prince of Wales Theatre on February 19 and ran for 176 performances
 The Chocolate Soldier (Rudolf Friml) - London production opened at the Lyric Theatre on September 10 and ran for 500 performances
 The Islander London production opened at the Apollo Theatre on April 23 and ran for 114 performances
 The Jolly Bachelors Broadway production opened at the Broadway Theatre on January 6 and ran for 165 performances
 Die keusche Susanne (m. Jean Gilbert) opened in Magdeburg
 Madame Sherry Broadway production opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre on August 30 and ran for 231 performances
 Naughty Marietta (Rida Johnson Young and Victor Herbert) - Broadway production opened at the New York Theatre on November 7 and ran for 136 performances
 Our Miss Gibbs Broadway production opened at the Knickerbocker Theatre on August 29 and ran for 64 performances
The Quaker Girl (Music: Lionel Monckton Lyrics: Adrian Ross & Percy Greenbank  Book: James T. Tanner).  London production opened at the Adelphi Theatre on November 5 and ran for 536 performances.  Starring Gertie Millar, Joseph Coyne and C. Hayden Coffin.
 The Satyr London production
 Tillie's Nightmare Broadway production opened at the Herald Square Theatre on May 5 and was revived at the Manhattan Opera House on December 18, 1911 for a total run of 85 performances
 Up and Down Broadway Broadway revue opened at the Casino Theatre on July 18 and ran for 72 performances
 The Yankee Girl Broadway production opened at the Herald Square Theatre on February 10 and ran for 92 performances
 Zigeunerliebe Vienna production opened at the Carltheater on January 8
Births
January 8 - Fabian Andre, composer (d. 1960)
January 23 - Django Reinhardt, guitarist (d. 1953)
February 3 - Blas Galindo Dimas, Mexican composer (d. 1993?)
February 25 - Winifred Shaw, US actress, singer and dancer (d. 1982)
March 9 - Samuel Barber, composer (d. 1981)
March 11 - Nicola Salerno, Italian lyricist (d. 1969)
March 15 - Anna-Lisa Björling, operatic soprano (d. 2006)
March 27 - Manfred Bukofzer, German-American musicologist (d. 1955)
April 14 - Werner Wolf Glaser, Swiss composer (d. 2006)
April 26 - Erland von Koch, Swedish composer (d. 2009)
April 30 - Levi Celerio, songwriter (d. 2002)
May 8 - Mary Lou Williams, US jazz pianist and composer (d. 1981)
May 12 - Gordon Jenkins, US songwriter, conductor and pianist (d. 1984)
May 12 - Giulietta Simionato, Italian mezzo-soprano (d. 2010)
May 13 - Cleavant Derricks, gospel songwriter (d. 1977)
May 23 - Artie Shaw, US bandleader (d. 2004)
May 28 - T. Bone Walker, blues musician (d. 1975)
June 4 - Anton Dermota, operatic tenor (d. 1989)
June 10 - Howlin' Wolf, blues singer and musician (d. 1976)
June 17 - H. Owen Reed, conductor and composer
June 18 - Ray McKinley, US drummer, singer and bandleader (d. 1995)
June 29 - Frank Loesser, US songwriter (d. 1969)
July 10 - Rafael Cepeda, folk musician (d. 1996)
July 15 - Ronald Binge, British composer (d.1973)
July 18 - Lou Busch, US arranger and composer aka Joe "Fingers" Carr (died 1979)
August 1 - Walter Scharf, film composer (died 2003)
August 7 - Freddie Slack, US pianist, composer and bandleader (d. 1965)
August 12 - Heinrich Sutermeister, Swiss composer (d. 1995)
August 17 - Erkki Aaltonen, composer (d. 1990)
August 24 - Tunde King, Nigerian singer and instrumentalist, originator of Jùjú music (d. c.1980)
September 3 - Kitty Carlisle, US actress and singer (d. 2007)
September 12 - Shep Fields, bandleader (d. 1981)
September 29 - Virginia Bruce, actress and singer (d. 1982)
October 1 - André Dumortier, pianist (d. 2004)
October 13 - Otto Joachim, composer (d. 2010)
November 22 - Ethel Smith, organist (d. 1996)
December 7 - Louis Prima, musician, singer (d. 1978)
December 10 - John H. Hammond, record producer (d. 1987)
Deaths
January 19 - Otakar Hostinský, musicologist (b. 1847)
March 10 - Carl Reinecke, composer, pianist and teacher (b. 1824)
March 17 - Joaquín Valverde Durán, flautist, conductor and composer (b. 1846)
March 28 - Édouard Colonne, violinist and conductor (b. 1838)
May 3 - Lottie Collins, singer and dancer (b. 1865)
May 7 - Bernhard Cossmann, cellist (b. 1822)
May 18
Pauline Viardot, mezzo-soprano and composer (b. 1821)
Flor van Duyse, Belgian composer and musicologist (b. 1843)
May 29 - Mily Balakirev, composer (b. 1837)
July 4 - Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray, pianist and composer (b. 1840)
July 7 - Emilio Usiglio, conductor and composer (b. 1841)
July 14 - Marius Petipa, ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
August 31 - Emīls Dārziņš, composer, conductor and music critic (b. 1875) (probable suicide)
September 5 - Franz Xaver Haberl, musicologist (b. 1840)
September 24 - Rudolf Dellinger, composer (b. 1857)
October 14 - Georges Mathias, composer and pianist (b. 1826)
October 17 - Julia Ward Howe, lyricist of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" (b. 1819)
November 25 - John Henry Martin, Band instrument manufacturer (B. 1835)
date unknown - Albert Schatz, composer and librettist (b. 1839)
Other websites

1910
20th century in music
The Kingdom, Op. 51, is an oratorio for soloists, chorus and orchestra composed by Edward Elgar.

It was first performed at the Birmingham Music Festival on 3 October 1906, with the orchestra conducted by the composer, and soloists Agnes Nicholls, Muriel Foster, John Coates and William Higley.

History of its composition
Elgar thought for a long time about the idea of writing an oratorio about the apostles.  He decided in the end to write not just one, but three oratorios (a “trilogy”).  The first one was to be about the apostles being called to follow Jesus.  This one was called The Apostles and was composed and performed in 1903.  The second one was to be about the apostles being persecuted.  This one, first performed in 1906,  was given the title The Kingdom.  The third one was going to be about the Last Judgement.  Elgar never got round to composing it, although he thought about it as late as the 1920s.
Elgar prepared the words of The Kingdom himself.  He describes events from the Acts of the Apostles, and he also put in lines from the Gospels, the Old Testament and the Apocrypha.

A lot of the music is calm and thoughtful rather than dramatic.  If Elgar had completed all three oratorios, The Kingdom  would have been the middle one: quiet and relective between two more dramatic ones.  As in The Apostles , Elgar used the idea of the Leitmotif.  This is something that Richard Wagner had developed in his operas: the technique of having short tunes (motifs) which represent particular characters or events in the story.

The oratorio is divided into a prelude which is played by the orchestra, and five parts.

Performers
The Kingdom is written for a large orchestra. There is a double chorus (the choir split into 8 parts) with semichorus, and four soloists who represent The Blessed Virgin (soprano), Mary Magdalene (contralto), St John (tenor), and St Peter (bass).
The story of The Kingdom
In the orchestral prelude we first hear tunes (motives) which we heard in The Apostles.  There are motifs which represent Jesus’ sadness, and one for Peter, another one representing the new faith, Christ the Redeemer and the prelude ends by hearing these last two at the same time.

Part I is about the Apostles and Holy Women meeting after Christ’s Ascension.  Matthew is chosen to take Judas’ place.

Part II is quite short.  Mary (Christ’s mother) and Mary Magdalene are talking about a lame man and remembering how Jesus healed the blind and the lame.

Part III is about the Pentecost.  This is when the Holy Spirit came down and gave the apostles the ability to speak all languages so that they could tell everybody in the world about Jesus. Peter tells everybody that they should be baptised in the Name of the Lord.
Part IV John sings a big duet with Peter. They preach to the crowd about Jesus’s resurrection, so they get arrested.  After their arrest Mary prays for the two men (this is not in the Bible, it was Elgar’s idea).

Part V The opening chorus is heard in a different form.  The Apostles and Holy Women take communion and sing the Lord's Prayer.  Christ the Redeemer appears, and the work finishes with the theme of the new faith.  The music does not end in a loud burst of glory, but quietly and peacefully.

References
W.H.Reed: “Elgar” pub Dent 1939
Jerrold Northrop Moore: “Edward Elgar: A Creative Life” OUP 1984

Other websites 
 The Kingdom: Synopsis

Oratorios
Compositions by Edward Elgar
Broadheath with Lower Broadheath is a civil parish officially  known as Lower Broadheath, in the Malvern Hills district of Worcestershire, England.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 1,713.  The parish also includes Upper Broadheath, which is about 3 miles north-west of Worcester.

There are many housing estates in the village.

The village has a village hall, church, post office and shop, a village green with a football pitch, running track and many children's play areas.  There is a large village common. There is also a primary school (Broadheath C.E. Primary School). The school has about 150 children, from the age of four up to eleven.  There are also three pubs in the village.

Broadheath is the birthplace of the English composer Edward Elgar.

Other websites
 Lower Broadheath official web site. 

Villages in Worcestershire
Civil parishes in England
The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  It was passed on 11 December 1931.  The Act gave equality to the self-governing dominions of the British Empire.  It is still law in each of the Commonwealth realms.

The Statute is important because it gave legislative freedom to these countries.  Its current relevance is that it sets the basis for the continuing relationship between the Commonwealth realms and the Crown.

References

1931
1930s in Europe
20th century in the United Kingdom
Commonwealth of Nations
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 is an Act of the Australian Parliament.  They formally accepted the Statute of Westminster 1931. It happened on 9 October 1942.

The Act is more important for its symbolic value than for the legal effect of its provisions. Australia was becoming more independent from the United Kingdom.  This Statute showed the independence to the world.

1942
1940s in Australia
Legislation
Law of Australia
The Australia Act 1986 is the name of a pair of separate but related pieces of legislation. One was an Act of the Commonwealth Parliament of Australia.  The other was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. These nearly identical Acts were passed by the two parliaments because no one knew which one had the power to do so.

The Australia Act ended the possibility for the UK to make laws for Australia.  Also the UK could not be involved in Australian government. And no one could appeal from any Australian court to a British court.

1986
Politics of Australia
Legislation
1980s in Australia
1980s Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Law of Australia
Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales.  It is a few kilometres south of the Sydney central business district. The Cooks River and the Georges River are the two major tributaries that flow into the bay. Two runways of Sydney Airport extend into the bay.

On 29 April 1770, Botany Bay was the site of James Cook's first landing of HMS Endeavour on the continent of Australia. Later the British planned Botany Bay as the site for a penal colony. Out of these plans came the first European to live in Australia at Sydney Cove.

Aboriginal lived in this area dating back 5,000 years. The Aboriginal people of Sydney were known as the Eora.

Even though it is a busy port, there are many types of marine life.  The area around its entrance is some of the best scuba diving in the Sydney area.  The world's largest population of weedy sea dragon found was on the southern side.

Geography of New South Wales
Bays of Australia
Sydney
A corroboree is a ceremonial meeting of Aboriginal Australians. The word was made by the European settlers of Australia.  It was an imitation of the Eora word caribberie. At a corroboree, Aborigines interact with the Dreamtime through dance, music and costume. Many ceremonies act out events from the Dreamtime. Many of the ceremonies are sacred.  People from outside a community cannot participate or watch.

References 

Australian culture
Indigenous Australian culture
Andrew Austen Luck (born September 12, 1989) is an American football quarterback for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for Stanford University. He was also the first person taken in the 2012 NFL Draft by the Colts.

References

1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
American football quarterbacks
Indianapolis Colts players
Blue Mountains may mean:

Geography
Blue Mountains (New South Wales), Australia
City of Blue Mountains, a local government area west of Sydney
Blue Mountains railway line
Electoral district of Blue Mountains
Greater Blue Mountains Area, a World Heritage Site
Blue Mountains (Nunavut), Canada
The Blue Mountains, Ontario, a town in Canada
Blue Mountains (Congo), northwest of Lake Albert
Sinimäed Hills (Blue Mountains) in Estonia, near Narva
Nilgiri mountains (Blue Mountains), southern India
Blue Mountains (Jamaica) 
Blue Mountains (New Zealand), in West Otago
Blue Mountains (Niger), a mountain range near the Aïr Mountains in Niger
Blue Mountains (Oregon), United States
Blue Mountains (ecoregion), a Level III ecoregion
Blue Mountains or Abajo Mountains, Utah, United States
Fictional
The Blue Mountains (Elgar), a song about Australia by Sir Edward Elgar to a poem by Alfred Noyes
The Blue Mountains (fairy tale), a fairy tale by Andrew Lang in The Yellow Fairy Book
Blue Mountains (Middle-earth) or Ered Luin, fictional mountains in Tolkien's Middle-earth
Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3, is an American football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for Baylor University, and won the 2011 Heisman Trophy for being the best college player that year.  He was the second person taken  by the Washington Redskins with the second pick of the 2012 NFL Draft. Later in 2016 he was traded to the Cleveland  Browns. He spent three years backing up Lamar Jackson for the Baltimore Ravens. Currently he is employed by ESPN covering NCAA and NFL games.

References

1990 births
Living people
African American players of American football
American football quarterbacks
Sportspeople from Texas
Washington Redskins players
Heisman Trophy winners
The Blue Mountains is a region in New South Wales, Australia. The foothills start about  west of the state capital, Sydney. The area begins on the west side of the Nepean River.  It goes west as far as Coxs River. The Blue Mountains is an Australian natural wonder and World Heritage-listed area.

Geography 
It is mainly a sandstone plateau. The highest point of the range is Mount Werong.  It is  above sea level. A large part of the Blue Mountains is in the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site.  The area has seven national park areas and a conservation reserve.

The Blue Mountains area includes the local government areas of the City of Blue Mountains, the City of Hawkesbury, the City of Lithgow and Oberon.
Fauna
The Greater Blue Mountains Area has over 400 different forms of animals. Among them are rare mammal species like Spotted-tailed Quoll, the Koala, the yellow-bellied Glider, and Long-nosed Potoroo. There are also some rare reptiles, like the Blue Mountain Water Skink. There are also some dingos in the area.  They are the top predators and hunt for grey kangaroos.

References

Mountain ranges of Australia
Geography of New South Wales
A watchog or watch dog can have several meanings:
 A dog with a special training, usually called guard dog
 A part of an elecronic system that makes sure the system is operating properly, called watchdog timer
 Watchdog (TV series), British television series
Gregory Blaxland (17 June 1778 – 1 January 1853) was a pioneer farmer and explorer in Australia.

Early life 
Gregory Blaxland was born 17 June 1778 at Fordwich, Kent, England.  He was the fourth son of John Blaxland, mayor from 1767 to 1774. His mother was Mary, daughter of Captain Parker, R.N. Gregory attended The King's School, Canterbury. In July 1799 he married Elizabeth, daughter of John Spurdon.  They had five sons and two daughters.

The Blaxlands were friends of Sir Joseph Banks.  Banks influenced Gregory and his older brother, John, to move from England. The government promised them land, convict servants and free passages. Gregory sailed in the William Pitt on 1 September 1805 with his wife, three children, two servants, an overseer, a few sheep, seed, bees, tools, groceries and clothing. When he reached Sydney he sold many of these goods for a good amount of money.  He bought eighty head of cattle.

Blue Mountains expedition
In 1813, he led the first known European trip across the Blue Mountains.  He went along with William Lawson and William Charles Wentworth.  Their trip opened up the inland of the continent.

Blaxland visited England and in February 1823 he published his Journal Of A Tour Of Discovery Across The Blue Mountains. Later the same year Blaxland was awarded the silver medal of the Royal Society of Arts for some wine he had sent to London.  Five years later he got the gold medal. In January 1827 Blaxland was elected by a public meeting with two others to ask Governor Darling for "Trial by jury" and "Taxation by Representation" for the colony.

Blaxland is noted as one of the first settlers to plant grapes for wine-making purposes. 

He died by his own hand in 1 January 1853 in New South Wales. He is buried in All Saints Cemetery in Parramatta.

Recognition 
The township of Blaxland in the Blue Mountains is named after him.  So is the Division of Blaxland.
In 1963 he was honoured, together with Lawson and Wentworth, on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post showing the Blue Mountains crossing.

Romeo Smith has a boat on Home and away called the Blaxland.

References 

1778 births
1853 deaths
Australian explorers
People from Kent
A watchdog timer is a component of an electronic system that makes sure the system is operating properly. These components can either be done as a piece of hardware or as software. Depending on the intended use, they either signal that a system is not working properly, or they make a system work properly again. A watchdog timer may cause a system to reset itself to its initial state.

Clocks
Electronic components
Electronic circuits
William Lawson may mean:
 William Lawson (banker) (1772–1848), businessman, office holder, justice of the peace and politician born in Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
 William Lawson (co-operator) (1836-1916) co-operator and agriculturalist
 William Lawson (explorer) (1774–1850), explorer of New South Wales, Australia
William Lawson (speedway rider)
 B.J. Lawson, William "B.J." Lawson (born 1974), 2008 Republican Party nominee in North Carolina
 William Lawson (writer) (1875–1957), Australian poet
William Lawson (2 June 1774 – 16 June 1850) was an explorer of New South Wales, Australia.  He helped discover a passage inland through the Blue Mountains from Sydney.

Lawson was born in Finchley, Middlesex, England.  He is the son of Scottish parents. Lawson came to Sydney as an ensign with the New South Wales Corps in November 1800.  He was soon posted to Norfolk Island.

After 1808, Lawson was appointed aide-de-camp to George Johnston.  He was given 500 acres (2 km²) at Prospect. He built a 40-room mansion there.

In 1813 Lawson, with Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth, led a trip west from Sydney to cross the Blue Mountains. 

They left on 11 May 1813 with four servants, five dogs and four horses. The route they travelled is still the one used by travellers today. On 31 May 1813 they reached Mount Blaxland and could see the plains to the west.
Lawson was rewarded with a grant of 1,000 acres (4 km²) of land.  He ended up one of the largest land-holders in Australia. He was made a magistrate and was appointed commandant at Newcastle. 

In 1819 Governor Lachlan Macquarie made a new settlement, Bathurst.  He made Lawson commander of the Bathurst settlement.  Lawson had this job until 1823. From Bathurst, Lawson explored as far north as Mudgee. 

After leaving the army, Lawson was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1843 to 1848. He died at Veteran Hall on 16 June 1850.  The town of Lawson in the Blue Mountains is named for him.

In 1963 Lawson was honoured, together with Blaxland and Wentworth, on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post showing the Blue Mountains crossing.

References

1774 births
1850 deaths
Australian explorers
People from London
People from Middlesex
William Charles Wentworth (13 August 1790 – 20 March 1872) was an Australian poet, explorer, journalist and politician.  He was one of the leading figures of early colonial New South Wales. He was the first native-born Australian to get a reputation overseas.  He wanted self-government for the Australian colonies.

Early life
In 1796 Wentworth arrived in Sydney.  It was then a poor prison settlement. The family lived at Parramatta. His father became a prosperous landowner. In 1802 he was sent to England.  He went to a school in London. He returned to Sydney in 1810.  He was appointed acting Provost-Marshall by Governor Lachlan Macquarie.  He was given a land grant of  on the Nepean River.

On 15 October 1810, at Hyde Park, Wentworth won the first official horse races on Australian soil.
Crossing the Blue Mountains
In 1813 Wentworth, along with Gregory Blaxland and William Lawson, led the trip which found a route across the Blue Mountains. The town of Wentworth Falls in the Blue Mountains is named for him. As a reward he was given another .

Studying in England
Wentworth  returned to England in 1816. There he was admitted to the bar, travelled in Europe, and studied at Cambridge University.

In 1819 Wentworth published the first book written by an Australian: A Statistical, Historical, and Political Description of the Colony of New South Wales and Its Dependent Settlements in Van Diemen's Land, With a Particular Enumeration of the Advantages Which These Colonies Offer for Emigration and Their Superiority in Many Respects Over Those Possessed by the United States of America. He said there should be an elected assembly for New South Wales, trial by jury and settlement of Australia by free emigrants rather than convicts.
Wentworth successfully completed his legal studies by 1822 and was called to the bar. In 1823 he was admitted to Peterhouse, Cambridge. That year he also published an epic poem Australasia, which contains lines now famous in Australia:

And, O Britannia!... may this — thy last-born infant — then arise,To glad thy heart, and greet thy parent eyes;
And Australasia float, with flag unfurl’d,A new Britannia in another world!

Political life
Wentworth returned to Sydney in 1824.  He was joined by Robert Wardell. His father died in 1827 and William inherited his property.  This made him one of the wealthiest men in the colony.

Wentworth became Vice-President of the Australian Patriotic Association and founded a newspaper, The Australian.  It was the colony's first privately owned paper.
He was elected to the Council in 1843 and soon became the leader of the conservative party.  He was against the liberals led by Charles Cowper. In 1853 Wentworth chaired the committee to draft a new constitution for New South Wales. In 1856 Wentworth retired from the Council and settled in England.

He died in England, but at his request his body was returned to Sydney for burial.

Recognition
The towns of Wentworth and Wentworth Falls, the federal Division of Wentworth, an electorate in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, the Wentworth Falls waterfall, and Wentworth Avenue which runs through the suburb of Kingston in Canberra, were named after him.

In 1963 he was honoured, together with Blaxland and Lawson, on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post showing the Blue Mountains crossing.  Another stamp was issued again in 1974 on the anniversary of the first newspaper publication.

The Wentworth Building, where University of Sydney Union resides, was named after William Wentworth.
Works
 A Statistical Account of the British Settlements in Australasia (1819)
 Journal of an expedition, across the Blue Mountains, 11 May-6 June 1813, 1813 
 Australasia: a poem written for the Chancellor's Medal at the Cambridge commencement, July 1823, London: G. and W.B. Whittaker, 1823

References 

1790 births
1872 deaths
Australian explorers
Australian poets
Politicians from Sydney
Australian journalists
Writers from Sydney
A battleship is a kind of large warship. It has metal armour and has large (heavy caliber) guns. Battleships are larger, better armed and armored than cruisers and destroyers. Battleships were mainly around from about 1880 to the 1940s, though some were still used as late as the Gulf War in 1991. For most of this time, battleships were the most powerful and most expensive kind of warship. Today some battleships are still around but these are museums.

In the 19th century, different countries tried to build bigger and better warships. One of the first ships with iron armor was called Gloire, from 1859. This ship had both sails and a steam engine which drove a propellor, as well as guns the fired explosive shells. This was a kind of ship called an ironclad. A few years later, ironclads were used in the American Civil War.
After World War II there was not much point to a battleship. Aircraft carriers had become even better, because of jet aircraft and missiles. Also, even a heavily armored battleship could be sunk by a nuclear bomb. Even so the United States Navy kept a few battleships during the Cold War. The very big guns on a battleship were still useful to shoot at shore targets if there was an invasion from the sea. American battleships were also given new weapons like guided missiles to make them more useful if there was a war with Russia. However, only the United States could afford to keep battleships like this. No-one else did. Some American battleships shot at Iraq in the Gulf War. This was the last time when any battleships fought. The United States kept battleships until 2004, when the last ones were made into museums.

References

Warships
Jōgen may refer to:

Jōgen (Heian period) (貞元), Japanese era from 976 to 978
Jōgen (Kamakura period) (承元), Japanese era from 1207 to 1211
William Ray Guy (December 22, 1949 – November 3, 2022) is a retired American football punter for the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders. Coming from the University of Southern Mississippi, he was the only pure punter ever to be selected in the first round of the NFL Draft when the Oakland Raiders selected him in 1973. He won three Super Bowls with the Oakland Raiders also.

On August 2, 2014, Guy was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame and became the second pure kicker (after Jan Stenerud) and the first pure punter to be inducted.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1949 births
American football punters
Living people
Oakland Raiders players
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
In some rules of football, a punt is a play in which a player drops the ball and kicks it before it touches the ground. A punt is in contrast to a drop kick, in which the ball touches the ground before being kicked.

In American and Canadian football, the ball is kicked downfield to the opposing team, usually on the final down, with the hope of giving the receiving team a field position that is more helpful to the kicking team when possession changes.

American football
Canadian football
Rugby
Sports words
A drop kick is a type of kick in various rules of football. It involves a player dropping the ball and then kicking it when it bounces off the ground. It contrasts to a punt, wherein the player kicks the ball without letting it hit the ground first.

American football
Canadian football
Rugby
Sports words
A single is when the batter safely reaches first base by hitting a fair ball and getting to first base before a fielder puts him out. As an exception, a batter-runner reaching first base safely is not credited with a single when an infielder attempts to put out another runner on the first play; this is one type of a fielder's choice.  Also, a batter-runner reaching first base on a play due to a fielder's error trying to put him out at first base or another runner out (as a fielder's choice) is not credited with a single.

Singles leaders, Major League Baseball

Career
 Pete Rose - 3215
 Ty Cobb - 3053
 Eddie Collins - 2643
 Cap Anson - 2598
 Willie Keeler - 2513
 Honus Wagner - 2422
 Rod Carew - 2404
 Tris Speaker - 2383
 Tony Gwynn - 2378
 Paul Molitor - 2366

Season
 Ichiro Suzuki () - 225
 Willie Keeler (1898) - 206
 Ichiro Suzuki () - 203
 Lloyd Waner () - 198
 Willie Keeler (1897) - 193

References

Baseball
Sports words
In baseball, a fair ball is a batted ball that gives the batter to attempt to reach first base. In order for a batted ball to be fair, it must be hit in such a way that it:

settles on fair ground between home and first base, or between home and third base; or
is on or over fair territory when bounding past first or third base; or
touches first, second, or third base, which are all in fair territory; or
touches the body of an umpire or player while the ball is on or over fair territory (unless it touches the batter in the batter's box, or bounces off the ground and immediately hits the bat); or
passes out of the playing field in flight while over fair territory, or touches any part of the foul pole, including any attached screen, while in flight; or
strikes any object for which the ballpark specifies that a batted ball which strikes it is a fair ball (e.g., a roof if present)

References

Baseball rules
Sports words
In baseball statistics, an error, abbreviated E and then the defensive positional designation, is the act, in the judgment of the official scorer, of a fielder misplaying a ball in a manner that allows a batter or baserunner to reach one or more additional bases, when such an advance would have been prevented given ordinary effort by the fielder.

An error does not count as a hit but still counts as an at bat for the batter unless, in the scorer's judgment, the batter would have reached first base safely but one or more of the additional base(s) reached was the result of the fielder's mistake. In that case, the play will be scored both as a hit (for the number of bases the fielders should have limited the batter to) and an error. However, if a batter is judged to have reached base solely because of a fielder's mistake, it is scored as a "hit on error," and treated the same as if a batter was put out, which would lower his batting average.
Similarly, a batter does not receive credit for an RBI when runs score on an error, unless the scorer rules that a run would have scored even if the fielder had not made a mistake. For example, if a batter hits a ball to the outfield for what should be a sacrifice fly and the outfielder drops the ball for an error, the batter will still receive credit for the sacrifice fly and the run batted in.

If a play should have resulted in a fielder's choice with a runner being put out and the batter reaching base safely but the runner is safe due to an error, the play will be scored as a fielder's choice, with no hit being awarded to the batter and an error charged against the fielder.

Passed balls and wild pitches are separate statistical categories and are not scored as errors.

Baseball statistics
In the game of baseball, the official scorer is a person appointed by the league to record the events on the field, and to send the official scoring record of the game back to the league offices. In addition to recording the events on the field such as the outcome of each plate appearance and the circumstances of any baserunner's advance around the bases, the official scorer is also charged with making judgment calls that do not affect the progress or outcome of the game. Judgment calls are primarily made about errors, unearned runs, fielder's choice, the value of hits in certain situations, and wild pitches, all of which are included in the record compiled. This record is used to compile statistics for each player and team. A box score is a summary of the official scorer's game record.

Baseball
Sports occupations
Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo is an American ballet company of men who dance in drag. The company makes fun of romantic and classical ballet. Peter Anastos, Natch Taylor, and Antony Bassae co-founded the "Trocks" in 1974 in New York City. The company danced in small shows late at night in places on off-off Broadway. Their first show was on September 9, 1974. The artistic director in 2011 is Tory Dobrin. The public's attention was directed to the company when Arlene Croce reviewed the "Trocks" in The New Yorker. The "Trocks" have danced in many large cities worldwide. In 2008 the company danced for Prince Charles at the Royal Variety Performance.

Notes

Reviews

Other websites 
 Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo, official site
 Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo  at IMG Artists
 Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo  on glbtq.com
Archive film of Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo performing Le Lac des Cygnes (Swan Lake, Act II) in 2010 at Jacob's Pillow 

Ballet companies
The New South Wales Legislative Council is the upper house of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia. The lower house is the Legislative Assembly. Both sit at Parliament House in the state capital, Sydney.  The Council has 42 members. Each member serves an eight-year term.  Half of the members are elected every four years.

Notes

References

New South Wales
Politics of New South Wales
Legislatures of country subdivisions
Busby Berkeley (29 November 1895 – 14 March 1976) was a Hollywood movie director and movie musical choreographer. He was famous for musical production numbers involving complex geometric patterns and armies of chorus girls and boys. His famous movies include several Mickey Rooney / Judy Garland "let's put on a show" musicals and the Great Depression musicals 42nd Street, Footlight Parade, Gold Diggers of 1933, and Fashions of 1934.

Notes

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hooray for Hollywood: Busby Berkeley
 Busby Berkeley at Classic Movie Favorites Tribute site: galleries, bio, filmography and more.
 bio & pics on Busby Berkeley

1895 births
1976 deaths
American movie directors
People from Los Angeles
American choreographers