Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Le Mesnil-Bacley is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Benoist is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Noues de Sienne.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Caussois is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Noues de Sienne.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Durand is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Eudes is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References

Other websites

Communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Germain is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Guillaume is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Mauger is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Patry is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Thue et Mue.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Robert is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Simon, Calvados is a commune. It is in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in northwest France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-Villement is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-au-Grain is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Molay-Littry is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Pin is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Plessis-Grimoult is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Monts d'Aunay.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Pré-d'Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Reculey is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Theil-Bocage is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Theil-en-Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Torquesne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Le Tourneur is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Le Tronquay, Calvados is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Le Vey is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Leffard is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Les Autels-Saint-Bazile is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Les Authieux-Papion is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Les Authieux-sur-Calonne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Les Isles-Bardel is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Les Loges, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Les Loges-Saulces is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Les Monceaux is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Les Moutiers-Hubert is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Les Moutiers-en-Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Les Moutiers-en-Cinglais is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Les Oubeaux is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune of Isigny-sur-Mer.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Lessard-et-le-Chêne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Lingèvres is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Lion-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Lisieux is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Death place of St. Therese of Lisieux (Sainte Thérèse de l'Enfant Jésus), who entered the Carmelite convent at the age of 15.

Other websites

Communes in Calvados
Subprefectures in France
Lison is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Lisores is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Litteau is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Livarot was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Livry, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Caumont-sur-Aure.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Longraye is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aurseulles.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Longues-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The Wehrmacht constructed a series of concrete bunkers here during World War 2.

Communes in Calvados
Longueville, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Longvillers is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Loucelles is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Louvagny is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Louvigny, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Louvières, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Formigny La Bataille.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Luc-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Léaupartie is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Lécaude was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Lénault was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Condé-en-Normandie.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Magny-en-Bessin is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Magny-la-Campagne is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Magny-le-Freule is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Maisoncelles-Pelvey is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Maisoncelles-la-Jourdan is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire-Normandie.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Maisoncelles-sur-Ajon is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Maisons, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Maizet is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Maizières is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Malloué was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Maltot is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Mandeville-en-Bessin is a commune. It is in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France.

Communes in Calvados
Manerbe is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Manneville-la-Pipard is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Manvieux is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References

Other websites

Communes in Calvados
Marolles, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Martainville, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Martigny-sur-l'Ante is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Martragny is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Moulins en Bessin.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Mathieu is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

References

Communes in Calvados
May-sur-Orne is a commune. It is in the region of Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Merville-Franceville-Plage is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Meslay, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie, in the Calvados department, in the northwest of France.

References

Communes in Calvados
Mesnil-Clinchamps is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Noues de Sienne.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Meulles was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Meuvaines is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Missy, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Noyers-Missy, which became part of the new commune Val d'Arry on 1 January 2017.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Mittois was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Monceaux-en-Bessin is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Mondeville, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Mondrainville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Monfréville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Mont-Bertrand is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Montamy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Montchamp, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Montchauvet is a former commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

Related pages
Communes of the Calvados department

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Monteille is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Montfiquet is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Montigny, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Montreuil-en-Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Monts-en-Bessin is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Montviette is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Morteaux-Coulibœuf is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Mosles is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Mouen is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Moulines is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Moult is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Moult-Chicheboville.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Moyaux is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Mutrécy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Méry-Corbon is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Méry-Bissières-en-Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Mézidon-Canon was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France.

History 
On 9 September 1972, Mézidon merged with Canon to create Mézidon-Canon. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Neuilly-la-Forêt is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune of Isigny-sur-Mer.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Nonant is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Norolles is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Noron-l'Abbaye is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Noron-la-Poterie is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References

Other websites

Communes in Calvados
Norrey-en-Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Notre-Dame-d'Estrées is a former commune. It is in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2015, it became part of the new commune Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon.

Former communes in Calvados
Notre-Dame-de-Courson is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Notre-Dame-de-Livaye is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Noyers-Bocage is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Noyers-Missy, which became part of the new commune Val d'Arry on 1 January 2017.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Olendon is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Ondefontaine was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Monts d'Aunay.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Orbec is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Osmanville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Ouffières is a commune. It is in the region of Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department. This is in the northwest of France. In 2017, 189 people lived there.

Communes in Calvados
Ouilly-du-Houley is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Ouilly-le-Tesson is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Ouilly-le-Vicomte is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Ouistreham is a commune in Lower Normandy in the Calvados department in northwestern France.

It is a small port with fishing boats, leisure craft and a ferry-harbour. It serves as the port of the city of Caen.

Communes in Calvados
Ouville-la-Bien-Tournée is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Ouézy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Parfouru-sur-Odon is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pennedepie is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Percy-en-Auge is a former commune that is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Perrières is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pertheville-Ners is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Petiville, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pierrefitte-en-Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pierrefitte-en-Cinglais is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Pierrepont, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pierres is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Placy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cesny-les-Sources.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Planquery is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Plumetot is a commune. It is in the Basse-Normandie  region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pont-Bellanger is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pont-Farcy is a former commune. It is found in the  region Normandy in the Manche department in the northwest of France. Before 1 January 2018, it was part of the Calvados department. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune of Tessy-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Pont-d'Ouilly is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. It is known for Pont-l'évêque cheese, a type of soft cheese, the oldest Normandy cheese in production.

On 1 January 2019, the former commune of Coudray-Rabut was merged into Pont-l'Évêque.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Pontécoulant is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Port-en-Bessin-Huppain is a French commune. It is in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in northwest France.

Communes in Calvados
Potigny is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Poussy-la-Campagne is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Valambray.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Presles  used to be a commune. It is in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune of Valdallière.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Proussy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. Proussy had about 400 inhabitants in 2006. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Condé-en-Normandie.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Préaux-Bocage is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Préaux-Saint-Sébastien is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Prêtreville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Putot-en-Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Putot-en-Bessin is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Thue et Mue.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Périers-en-Auge is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Périers-sur-le-Dan is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Périgny, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Quetteville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Ranchy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Ranville is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References

Other websites

Communes in Calvados
Rapilly is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Repentigny, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Calvados department

Communes in Calvados
Reux is a commune. It is in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in northwest France.

Communes in Calvados
Reviers is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Rocquancourt is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Castine-en-Plaine.

Population

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Rocques is a commune that is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Rosel is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References

Other websites

Communes in Calvados
Rots is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, the former communes of Lasson and Secqueville-en-Bessin were merged into Rots.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Roucamps is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Monts d'Aunay.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Roullours was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire-Normandie.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Rouvres, Calvados is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Calvados
Rubercy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Rucqueville was a commune. It was in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Moulins en Bessin.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Rully, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into (it became part of) the new commune of Valdallière.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Rumesnil is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Russy, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aure sur Mer.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Ryes is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Malherbe-sur-Ajon.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Aignan-de-Cramesnil is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Le Castelet.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-André-d'Hébertot is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-André-sur-Orne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Arnoult, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Aubin-d'Arquenay is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Aubin-des-Bois, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Benoît-d'Hébertot is a commune. It is in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Charles-de-Percy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Contest is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Cyr-du-Ronceray is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valorbiquet.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Côme-de-Fresné is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Denis-Maisoncelles is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Denis-de-Mailloc is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Denis-de-Méré is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Désir is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Gabriel-Brécy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Creully sur Seulles.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Gatien-des-Bois is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Georges-d'Aunay is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Seulline.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Georges-en-Auge is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-Langot is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-d'Ectot is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aurseulles.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-de-Livet is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-de-Montgommery is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Val-de-Vie.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-de-Tallevende-la-Lande-Vaumont was a commune. It is in the region of Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department. This is in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire-Normandie.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-du-Crioult is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Condé-en-Normandie.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-du-Pert is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Germain-le-Vasson is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Hymer is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Jean-de-Livet is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Jean-des-Essartiers is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val de Drôme.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Terres de Druance.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Jouin is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Julien-de-Mailloc is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valorbiquet.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Julien-le-Faucon is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Julien-sur-Calonne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Lambert, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Laurent-de-Condel is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Laurent-du-Mont is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. In 2016, 189 people lived there. On 1 January 2019, it became a part of the commune Cambremer.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Louet-sur-Seulles is a commune. It is in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Loup-Hors is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Loup-de-Fribois is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Belle Vie en Auge.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Léger-Dubosq is a commune. It is in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Manvieu-Bocage is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Noues de Sienne.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Manvieu-Norrey is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Marcouf, Calvados is a commune. It is in the region of Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department. This is in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Martin-Don is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References 

Former communes in Calvados
Saint-Martin-aux-Chartrains is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
Saint-Martin-de-Bienfaite-la-Cressonnière is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Calvados
The cuckoos are a family of near-passerine birds. They are the main part of the order called Cuculiformes. The family is famous for its "nest-parasite" members, but has a range of other types of bird. The cuckoo family, in addition to those species named as such, also includes the roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis.

The family is notable for its subfamily, the Cuculinae. Many of them have a unique kind of parasitism called brood parasitism. This means it lays its eggs in the nests of other kinds of birds, who then rear the baby cuckoo instead of their own.

The brood parasite
The common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, (usually just called “cuckoo” in countries where it lives) is a spring migrant to Europe and northern Asia. It winters in Africa and southern Asia. It is a greyish bird with a slender body, long tail and strong legs. It looks a little bit like a small bird of prey when it flies. The male is dark grey above with a blackish brown tail, spotted and tipped with white and unevenly barred in black. The female is similar but a bit more reddish on the upper breast. It likes to eat hairy caterpillars. It is often found where woods border on to open land.

The cuckoo gets its names because the male Common Cuckoo sings two notes which sound like the word “cu – ckoo”. The female does not make this sound. She has a loud bubbling call.

Laying its eggs
Laying its eggs 

The common cuckoo does not make a nest of its own, and they do not bring up their own young. Instead, the female lays her eggs in the nests of other birds. Each female cuckoo specialises in just one host species, and lays camouflaged eggs in that bird's nest. For example, a cuckoo which lays its eggs in reed warbler nests will lay eggs that look like those of a reed warbler.

The female cuckoo spends a lot of time watching the birds at the nest where she wants to lay an egg. She has to work out the exact time to go and lay her egg while the 'host' parents are not looking. If the cuckoo lays her egg in the nest before the other bird lays, the reed warbler will notice and knows it is not her egg, and so she will get rid of it. If the cuckoo lays her egg too late, when the reed warbler has finished laying, this will be noticed, too.
About 56 of the Old World and 3 of the New World cuckoo species are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other birds. These species are obligate brood parasites, meaning that they only reproduce in this fashion. The shells of the eggs of brood-parasites is thick. They have two distinct layers with an outer chalky layer that is believed to provide resistance to cracking when the eggs are dropped in the host nest.

Host-specific lines 
Female parasitic cuckoos specialize and lay eggs which look like the eggs of their chosen host. This has been produced by natural selection, as some birds are able to distinguish cuckoo eggs from their own. This leads to those eggs least like the host's being thrown out of the nest.

Host species may take direct action to stop cuckoos laying eggs in their nest. Birds whose nests are at high risk of cuckoo-eggs often mob cuckoos and drive them out of the area.
Parasitic cuckoos are grouped into gentes: each gens specializes in a particular host species. This permits each gens to evolve a particular egg colouring. Thus, the species as a whole parasitizes a wide variety of hosts, but each line of females specializes in a single host species.

Genes regulating egg colour are passed down only along the maternal line, no doubt on the sex chromosome. This allows females to lay mimetic eggs in the nest of their host species.

Females are thought to imprint on the host species which raised them; later they only parasitize nests of that species. Male cuckoos fertilize females of all lines, so gene flow takes place between the different maternal lines.
The detail and near-perfection of the cuckoo nest parasitism, and the defences of the host birds, are extraordinary. Many of the host species can spot and throw out almost perfect cuckoo eggs. This system is a fine example of an evolutionary arms race, a type of co-evolution. There are other birds which practice nest parasitism (such as the cowbirds) but these other systems are much less specialized.

Morphs and mimicry 

The males and grey females in flight look a bit like a sparrowhawk. That may protect them from other birds' mobbing (Batesian mimicry). The advantage of the rufous-coloured females is not known. It may be that, being less common, they are less recognised by other bird species.

Migration 
The cuckoo only stays in its summer location for about 10 weeks. In Britain, for example, it arrives in April and the adults start for Africa by the end of June or early July. They arrive in Africa (or Asia) in August.
They moult twice a year, changing feathers partially in summer, and completely in winter.

Further reading 
Davies, Nick 2015. Cuckoo. London: Bloomsbury. 
Wyllie, Ian 1981. The Cuckoo. London: B.T. Batsford.

References 

Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Parasites
Cuculiformes