Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The New York Philharmonic is the oldest symphony orchestra in the United States. It performs most of its concerts at the Avery Fisher Hall in New York.

The orchestra started in 1842.  At that time it was called the Philharmonic Society.  At its first concert the orchestra played a very long programme which included  Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 conducted by Ureli Corelli Hill.  The musicians worked as a cooperative or "communistic" society.  This meant that the musicians themselves made up the rules about how the orchestra should be run: who would become a member, which music would be performed, and who would conduct. At the end of each season they divided any money the orchestra had earned amongst themselves.
The orchestra were a great success, but they needed a new concert hall.  They gave a fund-raising concert which included Beethoven's Symphony No. 9.  It was the first time it had ever been played in America.  The concert took place in Castle Garden on the southern tip of Manhattan. There were about 400 performers in the orchestra and choir. The words that the choir sings were translated into English.  It was the first time this work had been sung in English anywhere in the world.  However, the tickets cost a lot of money: US$2.00 each, so not so many people came. It was some time before the orchestra got their concert hall.   Many people thought Beethoven's 9th symphony was a strange piece of music because the choir only sing in the last movement which is called  "Ode to Joy"
.   In 1865 Theodore Eisfeld conducted the Orchestra’s memorial concert for the recently assassinated Abraham Lincoln, but the last movement was not performed because it was thought that the "Ode to Joy" was not suitable for the sad occasion.
Competition from another orchestra, 1878 

Leopold Damrosch, who had been  Franz Liszt's concertmaster at Weimar, was the orchestra’s conductor for the 1876-1877 season. But the public did not like him, so he started his own orchestra: the Symphony Society of New York.  When he died in 1885, his 23-year-old son Walter Johannes Damrosch took over and continued the competition with the old Philharmonic. It was Walter who would make the rich Scotsman Andrew Carnegie realize that New York needed a really good concert hall and on May 5, 1891 both Walter and the Russian composer Tchaikovsky conducted at the first concert of the city's new Music Hall.  A few years later this new hall was renamed Carnegie Hall after the man who gave the money for it to be built.

Theodore Thomas began conducting the Philharmonic in 1877 and made it a very good orchestra.  In 1891 Thomas left New York to found the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
Anton Seidl conducted the orchestra until 1898. Seidl had worked as Wagner's assistant and was famous for conducting Wagner’s music.  He gave the first performance of Antonín Dvořák's Ninth Symphony "From the New World."  Many people were sad when Seidl suddenly died in 1898 from food poisoning at the age of 47. Twelve thousand people applied for tickets to his funeral at the Metropolitan Opera House at 39th Street and Broadway and the streets were jammed with people and traffic.

New management, 1909 

In 1909 the orchestra was organized differently.  Instead of a cooperative, they were run by a small group of people called .  They persuaded Gustav Mahler to be principal conductor.  Instead of 18 concerts a season they gave 54, which included a tour of New England.  Mahler was used to conducting opera, but now he could conduct symphonies, and he introduced audiences to his own compositions.  During his time the orchestra were given regular salaries for the first time.
Between 1911 and 1920, the Philharmonic's conductor was Josef Stransky, who led every single one of the orchestra's concerts during this period.

Mergers and outreach, 1921 
When the Philharmonic joined together with the National Symphony in 1921, they had the Dutch conductor Willem Mengelberg.  He stayed there for nine years, although other conductors, including Bruno Walter, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Igor Stravinsky, and Arturo Toscanini, led about half the concerts. They started to have an outdoor symphony series, playing low-priced summer concerts at Lewisohn Stadium in upper Manhattan. In 1920 the orchestra hired Henry Hadley as "associate conductor" to perform concerts which included works by American composers.
In 1924, the Young People's Concerts were started, and soon grew to 15 concerts per season by the end of the 1920s.  They started to make recordings.  In 1928 they joined together with another orchestra, the New York Symphony Society.  Toscanini conducted the newly organized orchestra, and continued until 1936.

The War years, 1940 
The English conductor John Barbirolli and the Pole Artur Rodzinski, were joint replacements for Toscanini in 1936. The next year Barbirolli was made the main conductor, a post he held until the spring of 1941. In 1943, Rodzinski became conductor. He had also been conducting on the Sunday afternoon radio broadcast when CBS listeners around the country heard the announcer break in on Arthur Rubinstein's performance of Brahms's Second Piano Concerto to tell them about the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Artur Rodzinski, Bruno Walter, and Sir Thomas Beecham made a series of recordings with the Philharmonic for Columbia Records during the 1940s.

The Telegenic Age, 1950
Leonard Bernstein was Music Director for 11 seasons.  Many new things happened during this time. Two television series were started on CBS: the Young People's Concerts and "Leonard Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic." The first of these started in 1958.  It was a new idea and it won every award for educational television.  Bernstein continued the orchestra's recordings with Columbia Records until he retired as music director in 1969.  He got lots of composers, especially American composers such as Aaron Copland, to write new works for the orchestra.
 
In 1971 Pierre Boulez became the first Frenchman to have the job of conductor of the Philharmonic.  Boulez had new ideas about music to be performed.  He was a composer himself and often performed modern music.
Ambassadors abroad
Zubin Mehta became conductor in 1978.  He, too, conducted a lot of new music. 
 
Kurt Masur, who had often been conducting the Philharmonic since 1981, became conductor in 1991.  During his time he included a series of free Memorial Day Concerts at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine and annual concert tours abroad that included the orchestra's first trip to mainland China. His stayed until 2002, and was then given the honorary title “Music Director Emeritus of the Philharmonic”.

On 26 February 2008 the Philharmonic gave a concert in Pyongyang in North Korea.  It was the first time since the end of the Korean War in 1953 that there had been an important cultural visit from the United States to North Korea.

A third century, 2000
In September 2002, 60 years after conducting the Orchestra at the age of twelve at Lewisohn Stadium, Lorin Maazel became conductor of the Philharmonic. In his first subscription week he conducted the first ever performance of John Adams' On the Transmigration of Souls.  This work had been composed in memory of those who lost their lives on September 11, 2001.  He performed new music as well as music of the well-known composers.  He stayed with the orchestra until the end of the 2008-2009 season.

Music directors (conductors)

References

Other websites 
New York Philharmonic Official website

American orchestras
Music in New York (state)
1842 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in New York (state)
Organizations based in New York (state)
Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis (Vietnamese: Thằn lằn Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng) is a type of gecko native to Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh province, Bac Trung Bo, Vietnam. It was found and described in 2002.

References

 ZIEGLER, T., RÖSLER, H., HERRMANN, H.-W. & VU NGOC THANH(2002): Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis sp.n., ein neuer Bogenfingergecko aus dem annamitischen Karstwaldmassiv, Vietnam. - Herpetofauna, Weinstadt 24(141): 11-25.
 Atlas de la terrariophile Vol.3 : les lézards. Animalia Éditions, 2003. 

Lizards
Quảng Bình province
Reptiles of Asia
Philip II was an ancient king of Macedonia. He ruled from 359 BC to 336 BC. He was the father of the emperor Alexander the Great, who was born in 356 BC. Philip united all of Ancient Greece. He would either bring a city-state into his hegemony with his military or he would talk/bribe the leaders into joining his empire. It was under his reign in 338 BC at Chaeronea against Athens that Alexander first showed his military genius. Philip was assassinated by one of his bodyguards, at the celebration of the wedding of his daughter. Alexander soon carried out Philip's plan to attack the Persian Empire.

382 BC births
336 BC deaths
Ancient Greeks
Lake Enriquillo is a lake in western Dominican Republic, near the border with Haiti. Its Taíno name was Hagueygagon but, in colonial times, it had the name Jaragua Lake. 
It is in the Hoya de Enriquillo valley, a long valley between the "Sierra de Neiba", to the north, and the "Sierra de Bahoruco", to the south.

The lake has an area of 265 km², and its surface is around 44 meters below sea level, the lowest point in the Caribbean. There are three small islands in the lake: Isla Cabritos, Barbarita, and La Islita.

Only small rivers flow into the lake. The rivers that flow from the Sierra de Neiba always have water. Those rivers that flow from the Sierra de Bahoruco sometimes do not have water.

It is a salt water lake with a higher concentration of salt than the sea water because the rivers that flow into the lake are small and the evaporation of its water is high.
Many water birds visit the lake to feed, including flamingos. There are also American crocodiles and some fishes as tilapia. Because it is an arid region, the vegetation around the lake is poor with cacti and small shrubs.

The lake is part of the "Lago Enriquillo e Isla Cabritos National Park" and of the "Jaragua - Bahoruco - Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve".

Cities on the lake
The main cities on the coast (or very near) of the lake are:
 Villa Jaragua
 Postrer Río
 La Descubierta
 Boca de Cachón
 El Limón
 Vengan a Ver

References

Other websites 

Lakes of North America
Geography of the Dominican Republic
Biosphere reserves
Nebuchadnezzar II (about 642 BC – 562 BC) was king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, and reigned ~605 BC – 562 BC.

According to the Bible, he conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and sent the Jews into exile. He is featured in the Book of Daniel and is mentioned in several other books of the Bible. He (allegedly) destroyed Solomon's Temple.

He is said to have built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The king built the hanging gardens in attempt to please his wife. His kingdom had a great flow of trade and prosperity. However, some scholars argue that the Gardens may have been constructed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib in his capital city, Nineveh.

References 

Neo
Neo-Babylonian kings
Orthopedic casts are casts made of plaster that cover a limb to hold a broken bone in place while it heals.  Doctors use casts of fiberglass currently.  In early times, people often used splints to help heal broken bones.  It is thought that orthopedic casts came about from splints.

Medical equipment
The Battle of Patay (18 June 1429) was an important battle in the Hundred Years' War between the French and the English in north-central France. The French won and the English lost badly, historical accounts report that the English army was four times as large as the French army. Many men in the English longbow corps died. Many English leaders of the battle were killed or taken prisoner. This battle changed the course of the war and made the French more powerful. Joan of Arc was the head of the battle leading the French and was the reason that the French won the battle and the Hundred Years' War.

Patay
1429
15th century in England
15th century in France
June events
1420s in Europe
Battletoads is a fighting video game by Rare Ltd. where the players play as toads that fight.

Gameplay 
The game offers gameplay changes as the player battles with toads, fights with frogs or attack other amphibians.

1991 video games
Sega Genesis games
Game Gear games
The Battle 
In the battle, the French knights, protected by chain mail reinforced with metal plate, were nearly exhausted by charging several miles into the battle (against their king's wishes). Their horses had to walk through deep mud and charge up a hill into English and Welsh arrow storm. They were cut down. Many French nobles died.
The knights' horses were barely protected at all. The storm of arrows killed or disabled the knights' mounts, and left the knights floundering in the mud on foot beneath a hail of arrows.
The bolts (heavy arrows) of the Genoese crossbowmen at the forefront of the battle could not reach the English. They fell short because the  crossbow strings were wet. The archers had also misjudged the range and shot too early and too low. The English, controlling the high ground, were able to run a short distance down the hill and pick off the Genoese with volleys of arrows. As the Genoese attempted to retreat, they were cut down by the French knights, who thought the withdrawal was cowardly. This wasted the first charge of French cavalry, and left them disorganized for the charge on the English.

In a very strong defensive position, Edward III ordered that everyone fight on foot. He split the army in three divisions, one commanded by his sixteen-year-old son, Edward, the Black Prince. The archers were set in a 'V-formation' along the top of the hill. While they waited, the English built a system of ditches, pits and caltrops, to hurt and bring down the enemy cavalry.

Notes
Notes 

 Battle of Auberoche was before this one

Crecy
1346
1340s in England
1340s in France
August events
102 (also written as CII or one hundred [and] two) is a number. It is after 101 and before 103, and is even. 102 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 17, 34, 51, and 102.

19E02 102
Coffea (coffee) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Out of about 120 species, we make coffee from only two, Coffea arabica and C. canephora.

Coffea are shrubs or small trees, native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia. The seeds are called "beans" in the coffee trade. Beans from the two productive species are widely cultivated in tropical countries. Coffee is one of the world's major commodity crops and is the major export product of some countries.

The caffeine in coffee "beans" protects the seeds of the plant. It is a form of natural plant defense against herbivory. The fruits and leaves also contain caffeine, and can be used to make a tea called 'Coffee cherry tea'. The fruit is also used in many types of soft drink.

Several insect pests attack the plants and affect coffee production. 
Coffee is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species.
History 
in Europe Coffee entered Europe through two routes, through land trade of the Ottoman Empire and through sea trade, from the ports of Yemen and the Horn of Africa. Was.

It was also raised in this country. Around 1650 AD, coffee was imported to England and coffeehouses were established in Oxford and London.

The cultivation of coffee plant in England started from the same time, but pests and the cold weather of the region destroyed the coffee plants and the British had to turn to tea cultivation instead of coffee cultivation,  first in Europe to coffee as a drink. Muslims were viewed with suspicion, but it is said that around the year 1600, Pope Clement VIII  enjoyed a cup of coffee so much that he considered its monopoly in the hands of Muslims as a great mistake and demanded to "baptize" it. Coffee drinking in Austria increased dramatically after the defeat of the siege of Vienna in 1683 and the confiscation of their large coffee reserves.
Before the beginning of the 18th century, the use of coffee drinks was common throughout Europe. European countries introduced this plant to tropical regions so that these countries can cultivate and mass produce coffee plants. In Europe, like the Middle East and Greater Iran, coffeehouses became a place for socializing, studying and exchanging opinions on current issues. Another similarity was the possibility of turning them into a gathering place for undesirable elements and vandals. Charles II, King of England, introduced coffeehouses as "places for traitors to meet, and to spread vulgar gossip about his Majesty and his ministers." In the 18th century, the famous Paris coffee house, Café Procope, had regular customers such as Mara,  Danton and Robespierre  who planned the revolution there during the French Revolution

Other websites
Other websites

 Coffee & Conservation - Many resources on sustainable coffee, including reviews, especially shade coffee and biodiversity
Just About Coffee — General information webpage about the coffee tree subject.  
 Coffea arabica by James A. Duke — detailed information about this species.

References 

Rubiaceae
Coffee
Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr., born Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger (October 15, 1917 – February 28, 2007), was an American historian and social critic. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. His work explored the liberalism of American political leaders, especially that of Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Robert F. Kennedy. He served as Special Assistant and Court Historian to the President in John F. Kennedy's administration. He wrote a lot about the Kennedy administration. These writings have the title A Thousand Days.  

When the United States thought about invading Cuba at the Bay of Pigs, he was one of only two people who opposed the invasion. The other was William Fulbright. Schlesinger sat silent, except for a private memorandum to the president. He did this, because he did not want to undermine the President's desire for a unanimous decision.
When it had become clear the invasion had failed, Schlesinger later wrote: "In the months after the Bay of Pigs, I bitterly reproached myself for having kept so silent during those crucial discussions in the cabinet room ... I can only explain my failure to do more than raise a few timid questions by reporting that one's impulse to blow the whistle on this nonsense was simply undone by the circumstances of the discussion."

Schlesinger contributed many things to liberal theory. He was mostly for the kind of liberalism Kennedy did. He was admired for his wit, scholarship, and devotion to delineating the history and nature of liberalism. Since 1990 he had been a critic of multiculturalism.

He popularized the term "imperial presidency" during the Nixon administration by writing the book The Imperial Presidency.

References

1917 births
2007 deaths
American historians
Pulitzer Prize winners
Vu Quang National Park is a national park in Ha Tinh Province, Bac Trung Bo, Vietnam. Saola and Muntiacus vuquangensis are a species found in this park. Vu Quang National park has a high mountainous topography, which is separated from the surrounding. It has a tropical climate that is a good condition for the growth of animals and plants. This is a precinct virgin forest that is remained in Vietnam and is a value ecology for economy, scientific and landscape.

National parks in Vietnam
Bae Young Joon is an actor from Seoul. He became popular in Japan on the hit Korean drama, "A Winter Tale". He was born on August 29, 1972.
He is known for being handsome. He stars in another Korean history drama, Tae Wang Sa Shin Gi, which is popular in both Korea and Japan.

Films and television appearances

Films 
 2005: April Snow
 2003: Untold Scandal
 1995: PpilKu

Drama 
 2007: The Story of the First King's Four Gods (MBC)
 2007: Hotelier (TV Asahi) (TV Asahi) - Shin Dong Hyuk, Frank
 2002: Winter Sonata (Winter Love Story, KBS) - Kang Jun-sang/Lee Min-hyung
 2001: Hotelier (MBC) - Shin Dong Hyuk, Frank
 1999: Did We Really Love? (True To Love MBC) - Gang Jae-ho
 1998: The Barefooted Youth (KBS)
 1997: First Love (KBS) - Sung Chan-woo
 1996: Papa (KBS) - Choi Hyun-jun
 1995: A Sunny Place of The Young (KBS)
 1995: Sea Breeze (PSB) Jang Moo-hyung
 1995: Six Steps to Separation (KBS)
 1994: Salut D'Amour (Love Greeting) (KBS) - Kim Yong-min

Other websites
 Bae Yong Jun Official Website
1972 births
Living people
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
In Germany an Urban District ( is a large town or city that is responsible for its own local government. Germany is divided into 429 districts. 313 are rural districts (Landkreise, see List of German rural districts) and 116 urban districts (Kreisfreie Städte / Stadtkreise) which are listed below.

It is not part of a rural district, or county ().

In some states, there is another level of government, the Regierungsbezirk or governmental district.  Several urban and rural districts are joined together to make a regierungsbezirk, which does some of their jobs, especially things in land-use planning which can affect several districts.

They are the equivalent of an independent city in the United States or unitary authority in the United Kingdom.

List by state

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Berlin

Brandenburg

Bremen

Hamburg

Hesse

Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony 

¹ following the "Göttingen Law" of January 1 1964, the town of Göttingen is incorporated into the district (Landkreis) of Göttingen, but the rules on urban districts still apply, as long as no other rules exist.
² following the "Law on the region of Hannover", Hannover counts since November 1 2001 as an urban district as long as no other rules apply.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

North Rhine-Westphalia

Rhineland-Palatinate

Saarland 
There are no longer any urban districts. The town of Saarbrücken used to be an urban district but became incorporated into the Saarbrücken Town Federation on January 1 1974.

Saxony 

1The urban districts of Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Plauen und Zwickau lost their status as „Kreisfreie Stadt“ on 1st July 2008 in a reform of Saxony's districts.

Saxony-Anhalt

Schleswig-Holstein

Thuringia

Related pages
Districts of Germany
List of German districts
Local government of Germany
Rural districts of Germany

References
References 

Districts of Germany
Germany-related lists
Local government of Germany
Megiddo () is a hill in Israel. It is near the modern settlement of Megiddo, and is known for theological, historical and geographical reasons. 

In ancient times, Megiddo was an important city-state. It is also known alternatively as Tel Megiddo (Hebrew) and Tell al-Mutesellim (Arabic). According to some interpretations of the Christian Bible, this will be the place for Armageddon (that derives from the name's place in Hebrew) or the final battle between the forces of light led by Jesus Christ and the forces of darkness led by Satan or the Anti-Christ after the "End of Days".

Megiddo is a tel (hill or mound) made of 26 layers of the ruins of ancient cities in a strategic location at the head of a pass through the Carmel Ridge, which overlooks the Valley of Jezreel from the west.

References

Northern District (Israel)‎
World Heritage Sites in Asia
Hills of Asia
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire (also known as Chaldea) refers Babylonia during the 11th, or Chaldean, dynasty. The old empire was torn apart by civil wars in the middle 7th Century BC.  "Chaldea" meant the southern part of Babylonia, until a Chaldean became the king of Babylon.

This new dynasty ruled between 626 BC when Nabopolassar rebelled against Assyria, till 539 BC when Cyrus the Great captured the city of Babylon. The king Nebuchadnezzar II ruled this kingdom from 605 BC - 562 BC.

Other websites 
 Chaldea on Answers.com
 Chaldea on Jewish Encyclopedia

Mesopotamia
Former countries in the Middle East
Former empires
CornerShot is a special-use weapon that can fire around corners.  It was first made in the early 2000s for SWAT teams and special forces in situations usually involving terrorists and hostages.

Overview
Its designers were two former Israeli Army senior officers. It was made with money invested by American investors. It has several different types. So far, the types made are the Standard, the 40 mm grenade launcher, the APR, and an Anti-tank version. It works because its many parts are either on the front or the back end, which are linked by a steel hinge. It is manufactured by Corner Shot Holdings, LLC, a company in Miami with offices in Israel. Units have been sold in 15 countries. The CornerShot was recently evaluated by the UK Ministry of Defence.
Forms and variations 
The CornerShot is available in several different types. A standard pistol version is available, along with a 40 mm grenade launcher. Because they are fitted with very good digital cameras, any type can also be used as a tool to spy with. All the models come with the same camera and 2.5 inch color LCD screen. this provides video and a sighting system with transmission capability. The flashlight and camera let it work in either day or night. A variety of cameras, as well as a folding stocks, are available. An accessory rail is standard.

Standard 
The standard CornerShot can put a normal semi-automatic pistol in the front part of the weapon. It has a remote linkage to the trigger mechanism in the rear part. The mechanism has a trigger pull of 21 newtons (4.7 lbf).  It is 820 millimetres (32.67 in) long, with a weight of 3.86 kilograms (8.5 lb).
40 mm grenade launcher 
The 40 mm Grenade Launcher is a breech-loading, single shot grenade launcher. Manually operated, or it can only fire one round at a time. It fires all 40 mm grenades, less-deadly and non-deadly ammunition (or what a gun fires), and tear/irritant gas capsules (the container in a liquid or gas is stored). Spent ammunition is ejected for easier reloading. The same system is available in 37 mm size for police. The 40 mm model has a rifling of 1:1.224, is 900 mm long, and weighs 4.4 kg (9.5 lb). The muzzle velocity is 74.7 m/s (M-406 grenade). Its range for normal fire, single target is 150 meters. For area coverage, with fragmentation munitions, or ammunition that blows apart when it hits its target, is 350 meters.

Assault Pistol Rifle (or APR) 
The Assault Pistol Rifle mounts an assault pistol in the front part of the weapon to allow the use of rifle bullets. It fires 5.56 mm ammunition. The APR pistol can be removed from the CornerShot frame.
CornerShot Panzerfaust (or CSP) 
It was first shown at the Eurosatory 2004 military trade show in Paris. The model for use against armored vehicles is designed to fire Panzerfaust anti-tank rockets. It can turn 90 degrees instead of the standard 60 degrees.

How it works 
In the standard version a pistol is mounted in the front end of the weapon, which bends horizontally (like a door does) at a mid-gun sixty-degree hinge. There is a digital camera and a flashlight attached to the barrel in the bayonet position. On the butt side of the hinge are the trigger, camera screen (which is on a horizontal hinge just like the mid-gun hinge but it is off of the left side of the gun), and controls for the camera and light.

Similar weapons
The Krummlauf was a bent barrel designed for the Sturmgewehr 44. It was used by Germans in World War II. It allowed for looking and firing around corners with its 30 degree barrel and a periscope-style sight.
In popular culture  
It was featured on the first episode of Future Weapons.
On the Fox TV show Standoff, a CornerShot is used by the FBI's HRT.
An episode of CSI: Miami ("Going Under", season 5) features a CornerShot used by a biker gang. Dialogue near the beginning of the episode referred to it as a "CS".
Hasbro's Nerf product line has included a toy gun that functions in the same fashion.
The video game Nemesis Strike  for the Xbox console includes the CornerShot as a weapon choice.
The recently released "G.I. Joe: Sigma 6 Snake Eyes with Night Ops Gear" action figure comes includes a CornerShot which is able to launch a small toy missile.
In the "Full Metal Panic!" novel series and "2nd Raid" animated series, MITHRIL has some CornerShot weapons in service.
A second season Numb3rs episode features a CornerShot being used by an FBI HRT entry team. The sequence clearly demonstrates the operation to reorientate the handgun from left to right and depicts the view operators receive via the weapons monitor.
Related pages
Krummlauf

Sources 

Firearms
The five levels are:
 The European Union (or EU). The EU can make laws that all the other levels of government must execute (do completely);
 The Federation or national government. The national government of Germany is responsible for defense and Foreign policy. The national government develops standards about the actions of the sixteen Länder (states). The federation also gives money to poorer states. It is designed to help all states to be equal.
 The sixteen Länder (states). The state government can create rules for local government in each state. But state governments cannot "abolish" (officially end) local governments. Local government is guaranteed by the constitution and the federal government;
 The rural districts or counties (Landkreise) and the urban districts or independent towns;
 The towns and municipalities, which are parts of a district or perhaps suburbs of an urban district.
Some states have Regierungsbezirke which are a group of counties and cities in an area to help run certain tasks across the area.

Other states have Ämte which is a collection of municipalities (local governments) in a district. They might do this if the local governments are too small to run some local services.

Regierungsbezirke and Ämte are not guaranteed by the constitution, they are a way of helping the various levels of government to do their job.

Subsidiarity 
The idea of subsidiarity means that government jobs should be done by the lowest possible level.

There are two types of tasks (jobs) for a municipality. "Voluntary" which a town or municipality can do if it wants, and "mandatory", which are things that a federal or state law says the local government has to do.
Setting up a theatre, a museum, a sports field or a meeting hall is a voluntary task. If the local government can afford to set these things up, the Land (state) cannot stop them. Also the Land (state) cannot order the local government to set these things up.

The mandatory self-government tasks are things which a local government must do itself, or must get someone else to do for it. For example, one of the most important jobs of any local government is to prove its citizens (people who live there) with water, electricity, heating, and gas, as well as wastewater services and waste removal.

A council could run its own waterworks or join with others to share a larger facility. Modern electricity supply means that a council does not have to run their own power station anymore. But they must help private companies get the electricity supply to local houses and factories.
Transferred tasks 
Although the Federation or state might have the right to control some things, the idea of subsidiarity means that they are administered (carried out) at the lowest possible level. For example, marriage ceremonies and issuing birth and death certificates are arranged by the town registrar, the Federation and the Land arrange legal and expert supervision so that the task is done properly and is the same across Germany.

Other transferred tasks include:
General security
 Nationality, registration, passport affairs
 Registrar's office and civil status
 Commercial affairs
 Construction matters
 Health care, veterinary affairs
 Road traffic
 Registration of vehicles and vehicle taxation, (national and state laws say which cars can be registered, but local offices do the actual work)
 Water legislation and land cultivation
 Running Federal and Land parliamentary elections (roughly each district or kreis is a federal constituency, so voter registration and counting could be done by the district, but there are also larger Land based constituencies, so susidiarity make the Land the smallest possible level to handle counting)
 Social security affairs, youth care. Social security rates are set by the federal government, but paid out by municipal authorities.
 Protection and maintenance of historical monuments
 Statistics
 Forestry and fisheries.

Running local government 
Who runs the town or district government depends on where in Germany the town is.
Magistrat system 
The town council, or town council meeting is responsible for all jobs not given to the magistrat. The magistrat is the executive responsible for administering services. It is chosen by the town council, and can have both professional and honorary members. The mayor is head of the magistrate, but not of the town council meeting. The mayor is chosen separately by the people not the council. the system is only used in Hesse. It is the oldest system, and the only system where a group of elected people are responsible for the administration, instead of just one, the mayor.

Mayoral system 
The mayor is head of the council and the administration.

North German system 
Power is split between the mayor and the town clerk. The mayor has some functions, but day-to-day administration is done by the professional town clerk.
South German system 
Used in Bavaria and the old eastern länder. The mayor is elected by the people, and he heads the council and the town government. The council is responsible for nearly all decisions. Some decisions are taken by the mayor. The council may give some of its tasks to the mayor, in which case they cannot change the mayor's decision.

Related pages
 Urban districts of Germany
 Rural Districts of Germany

References
Aguascalientes is a state in Mexico that is in the center of the country. Its state capital is the city of Aguascalientes. The state's name means "hot waters" in Spanish. People gave it this name because there are many hot springs in the area. The adjective for Aguascalientes is hidrocálido, because hidro means water and cálido means hot.

References 

 
1857 establishments
19th-century establishments in Mexico
1850s establishments in North America
Vicksburg is the nineteenth-largest city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the seat of the County of Warren. It is the only city in the county. It is a riverport on the east bank of the Mississippi River. It is most famous for the American Civil War battle fought there, in which the Union won. It is the county seat of Warren Country, Mississippi.  The July 2006 estimate, (a guess based on some information) of the population (the number of people living there) was 25,740.

Suburbs 

 Beechwood, Mississippi (Unincorporated community)
 Delta, Louisiana
 Mound, Louisiana
 Richmond, Louisiana
 Tallulah, Louisiana

Other websites 

Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
1826 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Mississippi
The Chrysler Building is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 1,046 feet (319 m) tall and has 77 floors. It was built in 1931 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

The Chrysler Building was the tallest building in the world from 1930 to 1931. Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was the Bank of the Manhattan Company Building, now called The Trump Building. The Empire State Building became the tallest one year later.  The Chrysler Building is still the tallest brick building in the world.

The Chrysler Building was also the tallest structure in the world from 1930 to 1931.  Before it was built, the tallest structure in the world was Eiffel Tower. The Empire State Building became the tallest within a year later.

Photos

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world
 List of tallest buildings in New York City

Other websites

 Emporis.com - Chrysler Building
SkycraperPage.com – Chrysler Building
Skyscrapers in New York City
Art Deco buildings
1931 establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Mendelian inheritance is a set of rules about genetic inheritance.

The basic rules of genetics were first discovered by a monk named Gregor Mendel in the 1850s, and published in 1866. For thousands of years, people had noticed how traits are inherited from parents to their children. However, Mendel's work was different because he did experiments on plants, and designed those experiments very carefully.

In his experiments, Mendel studied how traits were passed on in pea plants. He started his crosses with plants that bred true, and counted characters that were either/or in nature (either tall or short). He bred large numbers of plants, and expressed his results numerically. He used test crosses to reveal the presence and proportion of recessive characters.

Mendelian genetics
Mendelian genetics

Limitations 
Mendel's laws apply widely, but not to all living things. They apply to any organism which is diploid (has two paired sets of chromosomes) and which engages in sexual reproduction. They would not apply to bacteria, for example, or to asexual reproduction. They do apply to the great majority of plants and animals.
Mendel's laws 
Mendel explained the results of his experiment using two scientific laws:
 1. Factors, later called genes, normally occur in pairs in ordinary body cells, yet separate during the formation of sex cells. This happens in meiosis, the production of gametes. Of each pair of chromosomes, a gamete only gets one. The factors (genes) determine the organism's traits, and are inherited from its parents. As the pair of chromosomes separate, each gamete only receives one of each factor. This Mendel called the Law of segregation.
Mendel also noted that versions of a gene could be either dominant or recessive. We call those different versions alleles.
 2. Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another when gametes are formed. This he called the Law of independent assortment. So Mendel thought that different traits are inherited independently of one another.
The second law is only true if the genes are not on the same chromosome. If they are, then they are linked to each other. This was the next great discovery after Mendel: that genes were carried on chromosomes. The closer they were on the chromosomes, the less likely was crossing over between them.
Mendel's laws explained the results he got with his pea plants. Later, geneticists discovered that his laws were also true for other living things, even humans. Mendel's findings from his work on the garden pea plants helped to establish the field of genetics. His contributions were not limited to the basic rules that he discovered. Mendel's care towards controlling experiment conditions along with his attention to his numerical results set a standard for future experiments.

Consequences 
When the chromosome pairs are separated in a gamete, they are randomly segregated. A gamete might have any proportion from 100% maternally derived to 100% paternally derived chromosomes.
In crossing-over, sections are exchanged between pairs of chromosomes during meiosis. This increases the number of genetically different individuals in a population, which is important in evolution.
As a consequence of 1 & 2, except for identical twins, no two siblings have identical genetics.
Diagammatic examples 
The ratios in the diagrams below are statistical predictions. In a large number of crosses, the numbers of offspring with these features will approximate to the ratios given.

References 

Classical genetics
Altenburger Land is a rural district in Thuringia, Germany.

History 

The city of Altenburg and the surrounding land were the tiny duchy of Saxe-Altenburg from 1826 to 1918; afterwards it was a state within the Weimar Republic for a short time, before it was dissolved in 1922 in order to join the state of Thuringia.

The district in its present borders was started in 1922 as "Altenburg". In 1952 districts was split in two, called Altenburg and Schmölln. They were joined up again in 1994, but called "Altenburger Land".

Altenburger Land is the easternmost district of Thuringia. It is a mainly agricultural region.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website

References

1994 establishments in Germany
WWF may stand for:
World Wide Fund for Nature (before called the World Wildlife Fund), an organization for the protection of the natural environment
World Wrestling Federation (Former name of WWE, a professional wrestling entertainment company)
World Water Forum, an international forum for water problems organized by the World Water Council
Wesley Willis Fiasco, an American punk rock band
Windows Workflow Foundation, Microsoft's workflow management software
The Tennessee River is a tributary, or a river that flows into, the Ohio River. Its path makes a crescent. It starts in eastern Tennessee before entering Alabama. After entering Alabama it goes north and for a few miles, forms the boundary between Alabama and Mississippi. Then it flows through Tennessee and Kentucky, where it joins with the Ohio River at the city of Paducah. The watershed for the Tennessee River includes parts of the states of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.

Related pages
List of rivers of Alabama

Other websites 
Map of the Tennessee River 

Rivers of Kentucky
Rivers of Alabama
Rivers of Tennessee
Rivers of Mississippi
The Woolworth Building is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 241 meters (792 feet) tall and has 57 floors.  It was built in 1913 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

A businessman named Frank Winfield Woolworth wanted the building to be built for his business, F. W. Woolworth Company. It was created by an architect named Cass Gilbert. The building was called the Cathedral of Commerce, which means it was like a church of business.

The Woolworth Building was the tallest building in the world from 1913 to 1930.  Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower.  The Bank of the Manhattan Company Building (now named The Trump Building) became the tallest twenty-seven years later.

Photo Gallery

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world
 List of tallest buildings in New York City

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Emporis.com - Woolworth Building
SkycraperPage.com – Woolworth Building
Australianearme.com – Сatalogue Woolworths 

Skyscrapers in New York City
1913 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
A keylogger is a piece of software or computer hardware which records keystrokes on a computer. Its most common use is in spyware to obtain passwords and credit card details. The government sometimes uses keyloggers to break encryption and to spy on wrong-doers.

References 

Malware
The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower (also called the Met Life Tower) is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 213 meters (700 feet) tall and has 50 floors.  It was built in 1909.

The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower was the tallest building in the world from 1909 to 1913.  Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was the Singer Building.  The Woolworth Building became the tallest four years later.

Photo Gallery

Other websites 

 Emporis.com - Metropollitan Life Tower
 SkycraperPage.com – Met Life Tower

Skyscrapers in New York City
1909 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines is an airline that is a part of Air France-KLM. It is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It has flights that stay in Netherlands and other flights that go world-wide. KLM goes to 90 different places and its main airport or hub is Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Before KLM combined with Air France, KLM was the main airline of the Netherlands. KLM is the world's oldest airline with its original name. In September 2014, KLM had around 32,000 people working for it.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 
 Route map and statistical information

1919 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in the Netherlands
Airlines of the Netherlands
The Kentucky River is a river in the state of Kentucky. It is a tributary of, or flows into, the Ohio River and is 259 miles long. The city of Frankfort is located on the Kentucky River. It is formed at Beattyville, Kentucky, which is in Lee County, which is where the North and South Forks come together.

Description

The river is formed in eastern Kentucky at Beattyville, in Lee County, when the North, Middle and South Forks meet at about 670 feet (204 m). The river flows generally northwest, and is highly meandering in the mountains. It then flows through Daniel Boone National Forest, then past Irvine and Boonesborough, then southwest, passing south of Lexington, then north through Frankfort. It joins the Ohio at Carrollton.
Approximately 15 mi (25 km) southwest of Boonesborough it is joined by the Red River. About 20 mi (30 km) southwest of Boonesborough it is joined by Silver Creek. At High Bridge, it is joined by the Dix River. At Frankfort, it is joined by Benson Creek. 10 mi north of Frankfort, Elkhorn Creek flows into the river.

Between Clays Ferry in Madison County and Frankfort, the river passes through the Kentucky River Palisades. The latter is a series of steep gorges approximately 100 mi (160 km) in length.

According to Robert F. Collins of the United States Forest Service, Dr. Thomas Walker named the river, in 1750, Louisa River, after Princess Louisa, the wife of Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. Later, the name Louisa became Levisa and shifted to the nearby stream today called Levisa Fork River.
References
 Collins, Robert F. "A History of the Daniel Boone National Forest". (1975)
 Arthur Benke & Colbert Cushing, "Rivers of North America".  Elsevier Academic Press, 2005 
 Rhodes, Captain Rick, "The Ohio River --In American History and Voyaging on Today's River" has a section on the Kentucky River, Heron Island Guides, 2007, 

Rivers of Kentucky
The Singer Building was a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It was 213 meters (700 feet) tall and had 50 floors.  It was built in 1908 and torn down in 1968 to make room for the U.S. Steel Building (now One Liberty Plaza).  The Singer Building was the tallest building ever demolished by a company.

The Singer Building was the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909.  Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was Philadelphia City Hall.  The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower became the tallest one year later.

Photo Gallery

Other websites

 Emporis.com - Singer Building

Skyscrapers in New York City
1908 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Maurizio Giuliano (born 1975) is an Italian jounalist, writer and traveller. In 2004, he was in the Guinness Book of World Records as the youngest person who has been to all the countries in the world.  In 2006/2007, he worked for the UN.

Education

Maurizio Giuliano was born on 24 February 1975 in Milan, Italy, with a lawyer as a father and a housewife as a mother.  He lived in Cuba, Chile, and Indonesia, among other countries.  As of 2004, he knew eight languages according to one source, while another source specified that he "spoke" five and had a "passion" for two more.

He went to school in Milan and Manchester, and then studied at the University of Oxford in 1996 and the University of Cambridge in 1997. At Oxford, he studied at University College to know about Oxford's inter-disciplinary course in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE), especially Latin America and eastern Europe.

As of 1998, he was a research fellow at the Centre for Social Studies (CESOC) in Santiago, Chile.

Writings