Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Zhuang Wikipedia (壯語維基百科) was established in July 2004. As of March 11, 2009, there were 91 articles in Cuengh.

Other websites
 Zhuang Wikipedia
 List of all articles in Cuengh

Wikipedias
Parallax is the perceived change in position of an object seen from two different places.

In astronomy, annual parallax is the only direct way to measure distance to stars outside the solar system.
In essence, parallax is the perceived shifting phenomenon which occurs when an object is viewed from different positions.

It is measured by the angle between two lines of observation. Nearby objects have a larger parallax than more distant objects when observed from identical positions, so parallax can be used to determine distances.

Astronomers use the principle of parallax to measure distances to celestial objects including to the Moon, the Sun, and to stars beyond the Solar System. Here, the term "parallax" is the angle between two sight-lines to the star.
Astronomical measurement of position are taken at different times of the year. Since the Earth's orbit is known exactly, the distance from position 1 to position 2 can be worked out. The angle from the horizon to the object can be measured precisely. This gives a triangle whose baseline and angles are known accurately. From the triangle, the distance is calculated by trigonometry and expressed in parsecs.

The method only fails with objects which are so distant that the earth's orbit is too small to get a large enough parallax angle to measure accurately. This distance is about 100 light-years. Astronomers have invented various ways to solve this problem, though none are so accurate as the parallax method is for relatively nearby objects. This provides a basis for the cosmic distance ladder of techniques to calculate greater distances.
From 1989 to 1993 the Hipparcos satellite took measurements for over 100,000 nearby stars. Gaia (spacecraft) is intended to make similar measurements of about a Billion stars.

Many animals, including humans, have two eyes which provide  depth perception; this is called stereopsis. Because the two eyes are at different places on the head, this gives the basis for an automatic sense of distance. We perceive this as a normal 3-D scene.

References

Other websites 
 Parallax Citizendium

Astronomical distances
Vision
DragonForce is an English power metal band formed in 1999 in London. They are known for fast guitar solos, fantasy-based lyrics, and electronic sounds in their music.

In March 2010, the band have announced the departure of the singer ZP Theart, due to musical disputes. He moved on to form heavy metal group I Am I. After that Mark Hudson joined as new singer and they released a new album The Power Within.
History 
DragonForce was founded in 1999 by singer ZP Theart, bassist Steve Scott, guitarists Sam Totman and Herman Li, drummer Didier Almouzni, and keyboardist Steve Williams. They first called themselves "DragonHeart", but found that a band with this same name already existed. Their song "Through the Fire and Flames" is one of their most famous songs and is featured on the game "Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock" The first song and first single, "Heroes of Our Time", from their album, Ultra Beatdown, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance on December 3, 2008, and is also in the video game Skate 2.

Band members

Current members 
 Herman Li - lead and rhythm guitars, backing vocals  (founder)
 Sam Totman - lead and rhythm guitars, backing vocals (founder)
 Vadim Pruzhanov - keyboards, backing vocals (2001-present)
 Dave Mackintosh - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2004-present)
 Frédéric Leclercq - bass guitar, backing vocals (2006-present)
 Marc Hudson - lead singer
Former members 
 ZP Theart - lead vocals (founder)
 Adrian Lambert - bass guitar (2003-2005)
 Didier Almouzni - drums, backing vocals (1999-2003)
 Diccon Harper - bass guitar, backing vocals (2001-2003)
 Steve Williams - keyboards, backing vocals (1999-2000)
 Steve Scott - bass guitar, backing vocals (1999-2000)

Studio albums 
 2003: Valley of the Damned
 2004: Sonic Firestorm
 2006: Inhuman Rampage
 2008: Ultra Beatdown
 2012: The Power Within
 2014: Maximum Overload
 2017: Reaching into Infinity
 2019: Extreme Power Metal

References 

 
Power metal bands
Herman Li (, Hanyu Pinyin: Lǐ Kāng Mǐn, born 3 October 1976) is the lead and rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist and producer in the power metal band DragonForce.

Personal life
He was born in Hong Kong. His interests other than music are computer technology and martial arts. He practices Jiu-Jitsu five days a week. He speaks three languages.

Herman Li has played in many bands, including the black metal band Demoniac.

Playing influences
Li likes video game music and mimics sounds from popular retro games from the late 80s, early-90s arcade, and PC games. He has been known for making several Pac-Man-type noises in the song "Through the Fire and Flames" on Inhuman Rampage.

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Power metal
DragonForce
Hong Kong people
Sam Totman (born 26 April 1980, London) is an English musician. He is a guitarist and the main songwriter for the power metal band DragonForce.

He was in the black metal band Demoniac, with his DragonForce guitar partner Herman Li. Sam was usually called Heimdall when he was in Demoniac. Heimdall is the Norse god of vigilance.

Sam has Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, caused by weeks of obsessive videogaming.

References

Living people
DragonForce
English guitarists
1980 births
Musicians from London
Vadim Igorevich Pruzhanov () (born June 18, 1982 in Chernihiv, Ukraine, Soviet Union) is a musician, and was the keyboardist of the UK power metal band DragonForce until his departure in 2018.

Personal life
He was born in Chernihiv, Ukraine. He started to learn piano when he was 8 years old, and enrolled in music school.

He was interested in rock music when he was 12 years old, and started to compose. 

The young Ukrainian attended a Catholic 6th form college in North West London where he studied art and design. One of his first live performances was playing guitar in an all in one catsuit covered with tassles covering Steve Vai. He went on to meet DragonForce members in London in his school days. After that he met Herman Li again at club house, and joined DragonForce. Many songs of DragonForce are composed by him and Herman Li.

In 2018 he left Dragonforce since he didn't like  the direction in which the group began to move
Discography
 Valley of the Damned - (2003)
 Sonic Firestorm - (2004)
 Inhuman Rampage - (2006)
 Ultra Beatdown - (2008)
 The Power Within - (2012)
 Maximum Overload - (2014)
Reaching into Infinity

Playing influence
He is famous for very fast keyboard playing. Sometimes he plays shoulder keyboard with his tongue or head. 
 
He sticks to making sounds. He doesn't like ordinary sounds such as strings and chorus.

References

Other websites
 Vadim's page on Metal Archives
 Vadim's page on DragonForce.com 

1982 births
Living people
Keyboardists
Heavy metal musicians
Ukrainian musicians
DragonForce
People from Chernihiv Oblast
IMT can mean:

 Institut Mines-Télécom
 Nuremberg Trials
Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a Nazi war criminal. He organized the systematic enslavement of millions from lands occupied by Nazi Germany.  He was General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from 1942 until the end of the war. He was tried and executed.

Sauckel was also honorary Obergruppenführer of the SA.

1894 births
1946 deaths
Executed German people
Executed Nazis
Gauleiters
German war criminals
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Ministers-President of Germany
Nazi leaders
People executed by hanging
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
SS officers
Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 – 8 August 1974) was a Nazi youth leader. He was later convicted of being a war criminal. Schirach was the head of the Hitler-Jugend (HJ, Hitler Youth), Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter ("Reich Governor") of Vienna.

1907 births
1974 deaths
Gauleiters
German prisoners
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Nazi leaders
Politicians from Berlin
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Audacity is a digital audio editor (a computer program used to change sounds) and recording program. Audacity is cross-platform and can be used with Windows, OS X, Linux, and BSD.  It is free software. Audacity was first released on May 28, 2000.

Features 
 multi-track mixing
 import and export of WAV, AIFF, MP3

References

Other websites 

 Audacity homepage
 Audacity Wiki
 Editing audio in Linux:Audacity
 Useful information, FAQ and articles about Audacity Audacity 

Audio technology
Music software
Free software
Sophora macnabiana is the scientific name derived from Edwardsia macnabiana, a tree formerly described from cultivated material 
Indeed it is suitable for gardens, with showy flowers, numerous leaflets and tender pods.
Native from central Chile, and Gough Island, also disseminated as ornamental in New Zealand, where challenges with S.tetraptera, the local Large-leaved Kowhai.

References

Related pages
Wace NM 1961. The vegetation of Gough Island.  Ecological Monographs, 31, 337-367

Faboideae
The Audrey Hepburn semi-postal was a semi-postal postage stamp issued in Germany in 2001 and showing Audrey Hepburn. It was forbidden by the family of the actress.

The Deutsche Post (German Post) authorities changed the stamp for one depicting a film roll. The complete series included other famous actors such as Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe, Greta Garbo and Jean Gabin.

Postage stamps
Hepburn
2001 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Germany
The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft is a transport museum that has old trolleybuses. It is near to the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire.

Related pages
 Black Country Living Museum - with trolleybuses
 East Anglia Transport Museum - with trolleybuses
 National Tramway Museum
 Summerlee Heritage Park
 List of trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom

Other websites 

  for The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft.
 Official website of The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft.

Museums in England
Buildings and structures in Lincolnshire
Bus transport in the United Kingdom
The Fox and the Hound is a 1967 book by Daniel Pratt Mannix IV. It is about the lives of two canines, a hound dog named Copper and a red fox named Tod. The book is Mannix's best-known work, and was later made into a movie of the same name from Walt Disney Productions.

The Story 

The book follows Tod from his first contact with humans as a kit and Copper from his first encounter with Tod. They are living in a changing world; the wilderness present at the beginning of the book gradually gives way to a more urbanized setting, causing problems for Copper, his Master, and Tod.

It changes between Tod and Copper's point of view. Of the ten chapters in the book, four are from Copper's point of view and six are from Tod's. Both of the animals are presented as smart if not on a level with humans, and the book constantly emphasizes the point that both are creatures who rely on their sense of smell as much as humans rely on sight, particularly Copper.
Copper's chapters focus on his relationship with the Master as he assists him in hunting, mostly for Tod, who killed the Master's new dog, Chief, earlier in the book. Tod's chapters focus on his life as a wild fox, avoiding death both natural and man-made while attempting to father kits. 

1967 books
20th-century American novels
American children's books
Hodonín is a town in the Czech Republic. About 26,179 people live there (2008). It is located in the South-East of the historical region Moravia. It was founded in the 11th century. It lies on the border with Slovakia.

Other websites 

 Hodonín webpage

Cities in the Czech Republic
BREL stands for British Rail Engineering Limited, which was the engineering division for British Rail until the design and building trains in the United Kingdom went private. 

They made trains like the British Rail Class 210 diesel multiple unit and the experimental  Advanced Passenger Train (APT)  tilting High Speed Train during the 1970s and early 1980s. 

British Rail
Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 – October 24, 1991) was an American screenwriter and producer. He is best known as the creator of Star Trek, an American sci-fi series. He was sometimes called the "Great Bird of the Galaxy" because he helped start Star Trek.  He was one of the first people to have his ashes "buried" in space.

Personal life 

Gene Roddenberry was born in El Paso, Texas in 1921. His parents were Eugene Edward Roddenberry and Caroline Glen. He grew up in Los Angeles, California, where his father worked in the police. He became interested in engineering and got a pilot's license. In 1941, he joined the United States Army Air Force. He flew many combat missions as a bomber pilot and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal.
After he left the military, he became an airline pilot with Pan American World Airways.  He then stopped flying in 1949 so he could write television shows. While writing he also worked in the police so he could provide for (look after) his family. In 1956, he quit his job as a policeman to write full time.

Roddenberry was married twice and had three children. He married Eileen Rexroat first, and they were married for 27 years. They had two daughters, Darlene (1947-1995) and Dawn (1953-). In the 1960s, he also started romantically seeing Nichelle Nichols  and Majel Barrett (1932-2008). He divorced Rexroat and married Barrett in Japan in a traditional Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969. They had a son, Eugene Wesley, Jr. Roddenberry's marriage to Barrett lasted until his death in 1991.

He died in 1991 of heart failure. He was 70 years old. In 1992, some of his ashes were sent into space on board the Space Shuttle Columbia. In 2012, some more of his ashes will be sent into space with his wife Majel's ashes.
Sources 

1921 births
1991 deaths
Screenwriters from Texas
Writers from El Paso, Texas
American aviators
Pure mathematics is a field of mathematics. Other fields of mathematics are driven and motivated by applications, they can be used to solve real-world problems, for example mathematical physics in physics or engineering. In contrast, pure mathematics studies abstract ideas or it tries to make proofs more beautiful or easier to understand.

Examples 
 Generalizing theorems: Finding a more general theorem can lead to a better understanding of mathematics.
 Generality can also shorten proofs: There no longer is a need to handle special cases. This makes proofs shorter, simpler, and easier to follow or explain.

Fields of mathematics
Venus is a resort in Romania on the coast of the Black Sea.  It is about 3 kilometers north of Mangalia.

Settlements in Romania
Kung-fu or gongfu or gung fu () is a term often used by speakers of the English language to refer to Chinese martial arts. It is the art of self-defence and fighting, including without any weapons, as developed in ancient China.

In Chinese, kung fu means "hard work", and it´s not only used for martial arts.

Chinese culture
Chinese martial arts
Cohesion, cohesive attraction, or cohesive force is a physical property of an object.  It happens because of intermolecular attraction between like-molecules.

Cohesion holds hydrogen bonds together to create surface tension on water. Since water is attracted to other molecules, adhesive forces pull the water toward other molecules.

Chemical bonding
Dave "Compact Dynamo" Mackintosh is the drummer and backup vocalist for the band DragonForce. The band changed their genre to 'Extreme Power Metal' after Dave started playing in the band. Dave does extreme metal drumming in DragonForce's music, such as blast beats.

Living people
DragonForce
English drummers
1970 births
Musicians from Glasgow
Frédéric Alexandre Leclercq (born June 23, 1978 in France) is the bassist for power metal band DragonForce and plays in his own band, Maladaptive, where he sings and plays guitar. He can play bass, guitar, keyboards, and can sing. He is a session musician for many other bands and is also a former member of the French power metal band Heavenly and played several shows with Carnival in Coal in 2006.

According to his profile on Dragonforce.com, Leclercq can speak "French, English, German, and some dirty words in almost every language."

Discography

DragonForce
 Heroes of Our Time - (2008)
 Ultra Beatdown - (2008)
 The Last Journey Home - (2009)
 Twilight Dementia - (2010)
 Cry Thunder - (2012)
 The Power Within - (2012)
 Maximum Overload - (2014)

Menace
 Impact Velocity - (2014)

References
 

Living people
DragonForce
Leclercq, Frédéric
1978 births
Valley of the Damned is DragonForce's first album. It was released on 25 February, 2003.

Track listing

Band members
ZP Theart – vocals
Herman Li – guitars, backing vocals, mixing, mastering, engineering, logo concept
Sam Totman – guitars, mixing
Vadim Pruzhanov – keyboards, piano
Didier Almouzni – drums

Guest musicians
Clive Nolan - backing vocals, additional keyboards
Diccon Harper - bass

Technical staff
Karl Groom – recording, mixing, engineering
Tommy Hansen – recording
Rob Aubrey – mastering
Jean Pascal Fournier – logo design, album cover

Power metal
DragonForce
2003 albums
Debut albums
Heavy metal albums
Sonic Firestorm is the second studio album by English power metal band DragonForce released through on May 11, 2004.

Track listing

All songs arranged by Sam Totman, Herman Li, Vadim Pruzhanov, ZP Theart, and Adrian Lambert.

Personnel

Band members
ZP Theart – vocals, backing vocals
Herman Li – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitars
Sam Totman – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitars
Vadim Pruzhanov – keyboards, piano, acoustic guitars
Dave Mackintosh – drums
Adrian Lambert - bass

Guest musicians
Clive Nolan – backing vocals

Technical staff
Karl Groom – mixing, engineering
Richard West - mixing, vocal recording
Eberhard Köhler – mastering

Graphic designers
Marko Jakobi – album cover artwork
Marisa Jacobi – booklet design
Olle Carson – photography

Power metal
DragonForce
2004 albums
Inhuman Rampage is the third studio album by English power metal band DragonForce. The album was released on 9 January 2006, and 20 June 2006 in North America. It is the first album with Frédéric Leclercq on bass. An inhuman rampage can also be just something that is not a human, or a human that is not really acting like a human, going on a rampage, which basically just means they are going crazy and messing a lot of stuff up.

Track listing

All songs arranged by Herman Li, Sam Totman, ZP Theart and Vadim Pruzhanov.

Personnel

Charts

Album

Year end

Singles

Release history

References

Power metal
DragonForce
2006 albums
The Bavand dynasty (in Mazandarani: Bävendiyun) was an Iranian dynasty that began in the early 7th century. Its rulers reigned for about 700 years over Tabaristan, on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. The name of the dynasty comes from Bäv (also known as Farrukhzad), who ruled from 651 to 665. He was from the House of Ispahbudhan, a noble Parthian family which served the Sasanian Empire. The Bavandid rulers were originally Zoroastrian, but they later converted to Islam during the reign of Qarin I.

Bavand rulers
The Kayusiyya are named after Kawus, the son of the Sasanian ruler Kavadh I. It was founded by Bav (Farrukhzad), who repelled the Muslim Arabs from Tabaristan and ruled until he was murdered by the Karenid Valash in 665.
Kayusiyya
 Farrukhzad (651–665)
 Valash (usurper, 665–688)
 Surkhab I (688–717)
 Mihr Mardan (717–755)
 Surkhab II (755–772)
 Sharwin I (772–817)
 Shahriyar I (817–825)
 Shapur (825)
 Rule by the Karenid Mazyar (825-839)
 Qarin I (839–867)
 Rustam I (867–895)
 Sharwin II (896–930)
 Shahriyar II (930–964)
 Rustam II (964–979)
 Al-Marzuban (979–986)
 Sharwin III (986)
 Shahriyar III (986-987)
 Al-Marzuban (987–998)
 Shahriyar III (998)
 Al-Marzuban (998-1006)
 Abu Ja'far Muhammad (???-1027)
 Qarin II (???-1074)

Ispahbadhiyya
 Shahriyar IV (1074–1114)
 Qarin III (1114–1117)
 Rustam III (1117–1118)
 Ali I (1118–1142)
 Shah Ghazi Rustam IV (1142–1165)
 Hasan I (1165–1173)
 Ardashir I (1173–1205)
 Rustam V (1205–1210)

Kinkhwariyya

 Ardashir II (1238–1249)
 Muhammad (1249–1271)
 Ali II (1271)
 Yazdagird (1271–1300)
 Shahriyar V (1300–1310)
 Kay Khusraw ibn Yazdagird (1310–1328)
 Sharaf al-Muluk (1328-1334)
 Hasan II (1334–1349)

References 
History of Tabaristan Ibn Isfandiyar
Mazandaran
History of Iran
Royal dynasties
7th-century establishments in Asia
651 establishments
1349 disestablishments
1340s disestablishments in Asia
A Dyson sphere is an idea about a structure that surrounds a star, first thought up by physicist Freeman Dyson, and then used in some science fiction works. 

The idea of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment. Dyson noted that civilizations constantly increased their need for energy. He reasoned that as human civilization went on, there would come a time when it demanded more energy than the Earth could provide.

He proposed a system of structures designed to intercept and collect all energy produced by the Sun. Dyson's proposal did not detail how such a system would be constructed. His 1960 paper "Search for artificial stellar sources of infra-red radiation",  in the journal Science, was the first to present the concept of the Dyson sphere.
There are at least three types of Dyson spheres: 
A Dyson shell that is a solid structure and the inside could even become habitable if the sphere produces artificial gravity by spinning on itself. It would be extremely difficult, if not impossible to build (particularly because of the enormous quantity of material needed, the instability of the sphere and the strong gravity of the star affecting the whole structure).
A Dyson swarm, which is not exactly a sphere, but millions of smaller bodies orbiting the star and thus forming a more or less spherical structure around it. The most physically realistic structure to build.
A Dyson bubble that is made up of small bodies (like a Dyson swarm), but linked together with an extremely light and thin (but very large) structure such as a light sail around a star that keeps it centered because of stellar winds.

A far bigger Dyson sphere would be a Birch World

References 

Space colonization
Science fiction
Thought
Summerlee Heritage Park is an industrial museum in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It has won several awards. It was built on the old Summerlee ironworks. It also uses the main workshop of the old Hyrdocon Crane factory.

The museum closed in 2006 for a £10Million refurbishment. It re-opened in 2008.

The old main hall has been re-built. The museum tries to show Lanarkshire's contribution to engineering. There are interactive displays and a children's "Discovery Zone".

The museum also displays several railway steam locomotives, preserved carriages from a 1960s era Glasgow "Blue Train" and has a short working tramline.

Related pages
Beamish Museum - an industrial museum in the North of England
Black Country Living Museum - an industrial museum in the West Midlands conurbation
East Anglia Transport Museum
Glasgow Museum of Transport
National Tramway Museum
The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft

Other websites
Official website 

Open air museums
North Lanarkshire
The Concert of Europe was a group of countries in Europe who worked together and agreed on policies to maintain a steady balance of power which included alliances between the great powers in 1814 and 1914. The member countries were the United Kingdom, Austria,  Russia, France (from 1815), Prussia (Germany from 1871) and Italy (from 1871). 

It started as a quadruple alliance. After Napoleon, ruler of France, was no longer in power, France joined the Concert of Europe. Its importance diminished with the revolutions of 1848 and subsequent wars between the big powers. Otto von Bismarck re-established the Concert of Europe after the unifications of Germany and Italy. The Concert definitively collapsed with World War I.

Leaders

The leaders of this concert include:
 British Foreign Secretary - Lord Castlereagh
 Austrian Chancellor - Prince Klemenz von Metternich
 Russian Czar - Alexander I

The Concert was also known as the Congress System, where leaders would meet and reach decisions by mutual agreement.

Goals
Goals

Important goals of the Concert: 
 Control France after many years of war
 Develop a "balance of power" among the nations of Europe
 Uphold the agreements set by the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
 Prevent another dictator from gaining too much power (like Napoleon)

Benefits: 
 Helped Greece and Belgium gain independence
 Helped end the eight-year Egyptian control of Syria

Decline: 
 Fell apart after years of disagreement between the countries
 Mainly between Great Britain (England) and the other conservative countries in the Concert
 Finally fell after the following wars: Crimean War, Italian War for Independence, Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War.

19th-century treaties
Diplomacy
History of international relations

sl:Metternichov absolutizem
Freital is the biggest town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is on the small river Weißeritz,  southwest of Dresden.

References

Other websites

 Official website

Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Rural District
Riesa is a town in the district of Meißen in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located at the river Elbe, about 40 km northwest of the Saxony capital Dresden.

References

Meißen Rural District
Glow fuel is a term used to tell about fuel used for model airplanes, helicopters, cars and boats.  Glow fuel can be burned by very simple two-stroke engines or by four-stroke engines.  Engines like this provide lots of power in a small size.

Sometimes, glow fuel is called nitro or just model fuel.  Some model fuel has only a little bit of nitro, but some fuel has none at all.  It is called "FAI fuel."  "FAI" stands for Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.  They say that models used in racing or other competition under their rules may not have any nitro in their mix.

Glow fuel is mostly made of methanol, nitromethane and oil.
Methanol is the main ingredient.  It provides most of the fuel's ability to burn.  In order to burn the glow fuel, a glow engine must have a glow plug.  The glow plug burns very hot as the engine runs because of a catalytic reaction with the methanol.  Since the engines turn very fast, a phenomenon known as thermal inertia helps to keep the plug glowing as the engine runs.  A small amount of electricity is used to cause the glow plug to glow as the engine is started.  Once the engine is running, the electricity is disconnected. 

Nitromethane is added to the fuel for more power and to make the engine easier to tune.  Nitromethane contains less energy than the same amount of methanol, but it requires less oxygen.  This means that more of it can be put into an engine during each turn of the engine.  This leads to more power.

Fuel for most model planes, boats and helicopters has 5% to 15% nitromethane.  For use in race cars, the nitromethane can be from 30% to as much as 65%.
Nitromethane is hard to get in some countries since it is known as an explosive.  In these countries, glow fuel sometimes has no nitromethane at all.  

Since the engine doesn't have its own supply of oil, it's instead added to the fuel to help lubricate the moving parts and to keep them from burning up.  The oil can be castor oil or synthetic oils.  Some fuels include a mixture of the two.  The oils included in glow fuel are not burned by the engine.  Instead, the oil comes out of  the exhaust.  Not only does the oil lubricate the moving parts, but the oil which comes out the engine helps carry away extra heat.

Glow engines should be run slightly "rich."  This means that the mix of fuel and air going into the engine has to have a bit more fuel in it than it can burn at once.  This unburned fuel and oil help keep the engine cool.  After a model has been run, it is coated with a film of oil and must be cleaned.  Ordinary window cleaner and a paper towel do a nice job of removing the oil.
Glow fuel is not difficult to make, but some of the ingredients are dangerous in large amounts.  Instead, most modelers buy their glow fuel already made.  Some very small engines require more oil than larger engines.  More oil may be needed in the fuel.  The proper oil can be found at a hobby shop.  Companies which make glow fuel mix their fuels with the help of computers.  This helps each batch of fuel be of the highest quality it can be.

Other websites

 Glow fuel mixing and use 
 Byron Fuels, a fuel maker 
 Morgan Fuel, a fuel maker
 Powermaster Fuels, a fuel maker
Hobbies
Radebeul is a town (große Kreisstadt) in the district of Meißen in Saxony, Germany, a suburb of Dresden. The Meißen area, where Radebeul is located, is one of the northeasternmost areas where wine is grown today.

References

Meißen Rural District
Limbach-Oberfrohna is a town in the district of Zwickau in the German Free State of Saxony.

References

Other websites

Zwickau Rural District
Zittau (, , Upper Lusatian dialect: Sitte) is a city in the southeast of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is close to the border triangle between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. It is part of the Görlitz rural district.

References

Other websites

Görlitz Rural District
Glauchau (Thurginian-Upper Saxon dialect: Glauche) is a town in Saxony, Germany. It is near the river Mulde,  north of Zwickau and  west of Chemnitz by rail. It is part of the Zwickau district.

Population

References

Other websites

Zwickau Rural District
Delitzsch ( and Delč)  () is a German city in Saxony, near Leipzig. It is part of the rural district of Nordsachsen.

References

Other websites

Nordsachsen
Weißwasser (, ) is a town in Upper Lusatia in the east of Saxony, Germany.

Weißwasser is the third largest town in the Görlitz district after Görlitz and Zittau. The town's landmark is its water tower.

References

Other websites

Görlitz Rural District
Conduit current collection is a system of electric current collection used by electric trams. The power supply is in a channel under the roadway, rather than in overhead wires.

Related pages
Ground-level power supply
Kingsway tramway subway
Railway electrification system
Tramway tracks
Third rail

Other websites

Article on NYC conduits
Illustrated articles on London's conduits and the Kingsway Tram Subway. 
Description on the underground conduit system - as of December 2006 link appears to no longer be valid. 
Information, photographs and some sound clips about the ground level power supply system currently being used in Bordeaux, France.

Electric rail transport
Tram technology
Metre gauge is a type of railway track gauge. Railways with a gauge of  millimetres are called metre gauge. It is used in many regions across the world, though some railways were upgraded to standard gauge in the 20th century.

Related pages
 Narrow gauge railways, by gauge and country

Other websites 
http://parovoz.com/spravka/gauges-en.php

Rail infrastructure
Leimen can be either of the following towns:

 Leimen, Baden-Württemberg
 Leimen, Rhineland-Palatinate
Leimen is a town in the northwestern part of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is the third biggest town of the Rhein-Neckar district. Weinheim and Sinsheim are the two towns that are bigger.

References

Other websites

Towns in Baden-Württemberg
Recea is a commune in Brașov County in Romania. As of 2002, almost 3,300 people were living in Recea.

Communes in Brașov County
Jingisukan is a mutton dish.  It is thought to be first made in Hokkaido, one of Japan’s four major islands, and is most popular on this island.

How To Eat Jingisukan   
There are two ways to eat Jingisukan: mutton in sauce, and raw mutton.  It is cooked on a special grill.  It is usually cooked with many vegetables.  For example, bean sprout, onion, carrot, sweet pepper, pumpkin, or cabbage.

The Name 
The name Jingisukan comes from the famous Mongolian warrior’s name, “Genghis Khan.”  This dish was named after him because it is believed to originally come from Mongolia.
Kowhai are small, woody legume trees in the genus Sophora. They are native to New Zealand. There are eight species. Kowhai is the common name in Māori language used in New Zealand. In South Island grows Sophora microphylla, and in the North Island a larger leaflets species, i.e. S.tetraptera.

References

Other websites 
 "Sophora - The kowhais of New Zealand"

Faboideae
Trees
Ashigaru is a type of Japanese soldier that began during the Heian Period (794-1185). Their origin is serving as bodyguards to government officials during this period.  They became more active over hundreds of years and ended up serving as foot-soldiers for samurai and shogun.  Ashigaru became masterless warriors after the beginning of the Edo Period (1603-1868). After the Edo Period, many became police.

Fighting style and armor 
Ashigaru are noted for using surprise attacks and group tactics.  They wore metal armor, a gauntlet, and a Japanese half-length coat.  The armor also had leather and Japanese rice paper.  Their weapon was a sword, spear, gun, or bow.  Ashigaru also carried a water bottle, tissue paper, and rice.

The Ōnin Rebellion 
In the Ōnin War (1467-1477), the ashigaru robbed and looted Kyoto.  This gave ashigaru a reputation as bad troops.

History of Japan
Samurai
The genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism, mainly its genome. The term is contrasted with the term phenotype, as follows:

genotype + environment → phenotype

The terms were invented by Wilhelm Johanssen to distinguish between inherited and environmentally produced variation. "The distinction was not new. It had, for instance, been discussed by Francis Galton as nature vs. nurture.

The extent to which the genotype influences the phenotype varies hugely. Some aspects of the phenotype are almost entirely determined by heredity, such as eye colour and blood types. Human language is an interesting case. The capacity to learn and speak a language is entirely inherited, but which language is spoken is entirely learnt, and hence is environmental.

References 

Classical genetics
Nisio Isin (Pronounced NE-shi-oh OH-shin; born 1981) is a Japanese writer.  He was born in Kyoto.  He still lives in Kyoto.  He generally writes in the style of mystery and light novel.  His writing is very popular among teenagers and 20-year-olds.  His first published book was, Kubikiri Saikuru. He won the Mefist Literature Prize for it in 2002. Koudansha Publishing is his primary publisher. The selling slogan for him is, "20 years old in Kyoto. NISIOISIN." He likes traveling and going to bookstores.

His name 
Nisio Isin is a palindrome, so it is often written in Roman letters as NISIOISIN.

Publications 
 Zaregoto series
 Kubikiri Saikuru (; February 5, 2002 in Japan)
 Monogatari series

1981 births
Living people
Writers from Kyoto Prefecture
Ceiba pentandra or the Kapok is a species of tropical trees of the order Malvales and the family Malvaceae (previously separated in the family Bombacaceae), native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, northern South America, and (as the variety Ceiba pentandra var. guineensis) to tropical west Africa.The normal colours are white and pink flowers it takes 4 weeks to grow a bud.

The word is also used for the fibre obtained from its seed pods. The tree is also known as the Java cotton, Java kapok, or ceiba. It is a sacred symbol in Maya mythology.

The tree of life grows to  tall. It has a very substantial trunk up to  in diameter with buttresses.

Other websites

Trees
Malvaceae
Guatemala national football team is the national football team of Guatemala.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Central American national football teams
Sport in Guatemala
Honduras national football team is the national football team of Honduras.

Records

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Central American national football teams
Football in Honduras
National sports teams of Honduras
Mexico national football team is the national football team of Mexico.

Player records

Most capped players

Players in bold text are still active with Mexico.
As of 19 June 2019.

Top goalscorers

Players in bold text are still active with Mexico.
As of 27 March 2019.

References

Notes

North American national football teams
Football in Mexico
Panama national football team is the national football team of Panama.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Central American national football teams
Sport in Panama
Trinidad and Tobago national football team is the national football team of Trinidad and Tobago.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References 

Caribbean national football teams
National sports teams of Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands national football team is the national football team of Turks and Caicos Islands.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References 

Caribbean national football teams
Turks and Caicos Islands
Football in British Overseas Territories
United States national soccer team is the national soccer team of United States.

Player records
. Active players are shown in Bold.

References

North American national football teams
Soccer in the United States
National sports teams of the United States
Argentina national football team is the national football team of Argentina. They are nicknamed La Albiceleste (the blue and whites).

Most appearances 

 Boldface  indicates a player still active

Top scorers

References 

Notes

South American national football teams
Football in Argentina

Sports organizations of Argentina
Bolivia national football team is the national football team of Bolivia.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

1930 establishments in South America
South American national football teams
Sport in Bolivia
Organizations based in Bolivia
Brazil national football team is the national football team of Brazil. It is one of the most successful national teams with five World Cup titles (1958,1962,1970,1994 and 2002). It also has the most World Cup titles, with five.

Most caps

A cap is a player's appearance in a game at international level.
Players in bold are still active with Brazil.

Top goalscorers

References

South American national football teams
Football in Brazil
National sports teams of Brazil
Chile national football team is the national football team of Chile.

Most appearances

 If a player's name is in bold, that means that they are still playing international football.

Top scorers

References

South American national football teams
Football in Chile
National sports teams of Chile
Colombia national football team is the national football team of Colombia.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

South American national football teams
Football in Colombia
Ecuador national football team is the national football team of Ecuador.

References

South American national football teams

Organizations based in Ecuador
Paraguay national football team is the national football team of Paraguay.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

South American national football teams
Football in Paraguay
Peru national football team is the national football team of Peru.

References

South American national football teams
Football in Peru
1930 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Peru
Organizations based in Peru
Uruguay national football team is the national football team of Uruguay. They won the World Cup in 1930 and 1950. Also, they won the Olympics football championship in 1924 and 1928. Recently, Uruguay won the 2011 Copa América, playing against Paraguay in the final.

Player records
, after the match against Ghana
Players in bold are still active with Uruguay.

Most capped players

Top goalscorers

Related pages
 National teams world champions (football)

References

Notes

Other websites
Official website 
FIFA profile 

South American national football teams
Football in Uruguay
National sports teams of Uruguay
Venezuela national football team is the national football team of Venezuela.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

South American national football teams
Albania national football team is the national football team of Albania. Although it never played any matches, the Albanian national football team existed before FSHF was created. This is witnessed by the registration of the team in the Balkan Cup tournament of 1929-1931, which started in 1929 (although Albania eventually retired from the competition, before the competition started).[4] FSHF was founded on June 6, 1930, and Albania had to wait 16 years to play its first international match, debuting against Yugoslavia in 1946. In 1932, Albania joined FIFA (during the congress June 12 — June 16) and in 1954, it was one of the founding members of UEFA.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

European national football teams
National football team
Organizations based in Albania
Austria national football team is the national football team of Austria. It is controlled by the Austrian Football Association (German: Österreichischer Fußballbund - ÖFB).

History before the Second World War
The first official match took place on 12th October 1902 in Vienna when a team from Cisleithanien (Austrian part of the Austrian-Hungary Empire) played versus Hungary. (5:0) The team reached in the 1930s the best time. It was the time of the so-called "Wunderteam" (miracle team) when Austria was one of the leading teams in Europe. The Wunderteam was the first from the continent to defeat Scotland. In 1934 the team was took part in the FIFA world cup for the first time and reached the 4th place. 1936 Austria won the silver medal at the Olympic games in Berlin. Due to the occupation through Germany in 1938 there was no team between 1938 and 1945. The national team was dissolved and the players like Matthias Sindelar became part of the German team.
1945 to 1962
Soon after the end of the war the Austrian team played their first matches versus Hungary in Budapest. On December 6th, 1945 the first homematch took place in the renovated Praterstadion (now Ernst-Happel-Stadion). France was beaten by 4:1. Soon Austria was as successful as before the war. In 1951 Scotland was beaten in his own stadium by 1:0. Austria was the first team from the continent to do so. The FIFA World cup 1954 was the most successful ever. A legendary match was the quarterfinal against Switzerland which won Austria 7:5. It is still till  today the Worldcup match with the most goals scored. Austria reached the semifinals and was beaten by the later world champion Germany by 1:6. The match for the 3rd place was won by 3:1 versus Uruguay. Players like Gerhard Hanappi, Walter Zeman and Ernst Ocwirk were playing in the FIFA world team. A 0:6 versus the Czech team marked the end of Austrias golden periode.
1962 to present
The next years Austria was an average team but surprised through notable wins. On was on 20 October 1965 when Austria won in England 3:2. Austria was the third team to do so. In the same year however Austria failed to qualify for the 1966 World Cup. Also  the qualification for 1970 was a failure. The qualification for 1974 was missed after a 1:2 versus Sweden in a decider.
After 20 years Austria could qualify for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. The last match versus Turkey was won 1:0 through a goal by the later team coach Herbert Prohaska. In the tournament Austria won the groupstage. But after two lost matches versus Netherlands and Italy they failed to reach the final round. The last match was versus Germany in Cordoba. Austria won 3:2 through two goals by Hans Krankl and an own goal by Bertie Vogts. In Austria this is a legendary match. In the 1982 World Cup Austria also played. After two matches with wins versus Algeria and Chile a narrow loss against Germany was enough. Germany had to win  to promote to the final round. The match ended 1:0 for Germany and especially in Algeria there were manipulation reproaches. After the 1982 Cup a lot of players ended their career, so Austria failed to reach the 1986 FIFA World Cup.
Under coach Josef Hickersberger Austria could qualify for the 1990 World Cup. He called back old players like Herbert Prohaska and mixed them with new players like Andreas Herzog who had only three league matches played before the Championship. After losses versus Italy and  Czechoslovakia and a win versus USA they failed in the first round.

Shortly after the World Cup Hickersberger resigned after a 0:1 versus the Faroe Islands in Landskrona, Sweden. On the islands there was no stadium with grass and all the players were pure amateurs. This match was a great disgrace for Austrians team.

The last appearance of an Austrian team in a World Cup tournament was 1998 in France. Austria failed in the qualifing round versus Italy, Chile and Cameroon. As host Austria was qualified for the UEFA Euro 2008 and played versus Poland, Croatia and Germany. After losses versus Germany and Croatia and a draw versus Poland Austria could not qualify for the quarter finals.
Austria failed to qualify for the World Cup 2006 and 2010 and also for the UEFA Euro 2012.

Notable team players
Andreas Herzog:with 103 matches he holds the record of matches for the national team
Robert Sara:was voted to the All-Star-Team of the FIFA World Cup 1978
Walter Zeman:World goal keeper 1953
Herbert Prohaska:played in the 1990 and 1982 team  and was coach of the 1998 squad for the World Cups
Hans Krankl: he was the star of the 1978 match versus Germany and Europs best scorer
Matthias Sindelar: player of the "Wunderteam" one of Austrias best players ever
Toni Polster:with 44 goals best scorer of the Austrian team

Statistics
as 28 December 2021
Team matches
807
Won:338
Drawn:172  	
Lost:297 
Goals1428 : 1257  +171
The highest victory was a 9:0 versus Malta in a qualifing match for the FIFA World Cup 1978.
Top scorer in single match:Hans Krankl 6 versus Malta
The highest defeat was a 1:11 versus England on 8th June 1908 in Vienna.
Most matches:versus Hungary 136
Best result in Fifa World Cup:1954 3rd 
Visitors: 30.10.1960 Austria - Spain 3:0 	 91000

Matches
Marko Arnautovic 108
Andreas Herzog 	 103 
 	David Alaba 101
Aleksandar Dragovic 100
  	Anton Polster 	 95 
Gerhard Hanappi 	 93 
  	Karl Koller 	 86 
Julian Baumgartlinger 84
  	Friedrich 'Friedl' Koncilia 	 84 
  	Bruno Pezzey 	 84 
  	Herbert Prohaska 	 83 
 Christian Fuchs 78
Sebastian Prödl 73
Marc Janko 70
  	Johann Krankl 	 69 
  	Heribert Weber 	 68 
 Martin Harnik 68
 Martin Hinteregger 67
  	Peter Stöger 	 65
Top scorer
  	Anton Polster 	 44 
  	Johann Krankl 	 34 
  	Johann Horvath 	 29 
  	Erich Hof 	 28 
  	Anton Schall 	 27 
  	Matthias Sindelar 	 26 
  	Andreas Herzog 	 26 
  	Karl Zischek 	 24 
  	Walter Schachner 	 23 
  	Theodor Wagner 	 22

Manager history

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Austrian teammatches (1902 bis present-German)
 Current team players 
List of Austrian national team players (German Wikipedia)

European national football teams
Football in Austria
1902 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Austria
National sports teams of Austria
Azerbaijan national football team is the national football team of Azerbaijan.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

National sports teams of Azerbaijan
European national football teams
Football in Azerbaijan
Belarus national football team is the national football team of Belarus.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

European national football teams
Sport in Belarus
Organizations based in Belarus
Belgium national football team is the national football team of Belgium.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Notes

European national football teams
Football in Belgium
Sports organizations of Belgium
Bulgaria national football team is the national football team of Bulgaria.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Other websites 
 Bulgarian football – history, teams, stadiums, fan clubs
 RSSSF archive of results 1924–

European national football teams
Football in Bulgaria
Organizations based in Bulgaria
Croatia national football team is the national football team of Croatia. The team reached the final of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, but lost to France 4–2.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

European national football teams
Football in Croatia

Sports organizations of Croatia