Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
During the winter, many birds migrate to warmer climates. Many small animals hibernate or aestivate, in other words, they slow down their metabolism and sleep or stay in their burrows. Some of the other animals just slow down their metabolism and eat food they stored during the summer and fall months. The trees in winter are bare, but with the coming of spring, leaves sprout, birds return, animals are born, and all the forest animals get busy with their lives. Animals that we may see or hear in this biome include bears, deer, raccoons, otters, beavers, foxes, frogs, squirrels, snakes, salamanders, and birds such as woodpeckers, robins (European or American), owls, blue jays and the small birds usually called tits (family Paridae).

Some deciduous forests grow in tropical places that do not have a winter but do have a wet season and a dry season.

Rainforests
Rainforests 

Tropical rainforests grow in South America, the Congo, Indonesia and some nearby countries, Hawaii, and north eastern Australia. Tropical rainforests are well named, as it rains here on about half the days. The only season in a tropical rain forest is summer, so plants grow for all 12 months of the year. Trees are tall and thick in the rain forest and they grow so close together that they form a big umbrella of greenery called a canopy. This blocks out most of the sunlight. The air is muggy as it filters through the dense canopy cover of the trees. The light that filters through this tree cover is dim and green. Only along river banks and in places that have been cleared does enough sunlight allow plants to grow on the forest ground.
Millions of species of plants and animals live in the world's tropical forests. Life in the rain forest exists at different levels or layers in the trees. Each layer has a name, such as 'emergent', 'canopy', 'understory', and 'forest floor'. Animal life is found on all levels.

History of forests 

The first forests on Earth were about 380 million years ago), in the later Devonian period. Archaeopteris grew to about 10 meters tall (33 feet). The plant was rather fern-like, with deciduous fronds which dropped onto the forest floor. Streams running through the forest picked up fronds, which perhaps stimulated freshwater fishes. Wattieza was an even earlier plant which has been claimed as the "first tree". They were also fern-like, reproduced with spores and grew in groups together.

Forests were widespread biomes in the Carboniferous period. The earlier part is called the Mississippian, and the later part is known as the Pennsylvanian in North America.
Related pages 
 Tropical rainforest
 Peat swamp forest
 Congo rainforest
 Cloud forest
 Temperate rainforest
 Deforestation

References
A barber is someone who cuts hair and shaves beards. Usually, it is men who go to a barber. Women usually go to hairdressers instead.  Barbers sometimes have a pole outside, which is red and white in most countries. Barbering is a most ancient and honorable profession, with a very interesting history. Barbering is the practice of cutting or trimming hair and includes shaving or trimming facial hair. Besides cutting hair, barbers also shampoo and style hair, mostly for male clients. Other duties include scalp treatment, skin care and fitting or grooming hairpieces. In some states, barbers color, highlight or bleach hair.
Job Description
The main job of a barber is to cut a client's hair. The goal is to improve the appearance of the hair and to adapt styles to the customer's wishes. Barbers also shape and trim beards and mustaches. Instruments such as scissors and combs must be kept sterile and in good condition, and the barber is also responsible for keeping the shop clean by sweeping up hair. Owners of barbershops also order supplies, pay bills and may hire and supervise staff. Good interpersonal skills and a positive attitude are important qualities to have when working as a barber. Examples of famous barbers are Alex Kelly and Cameron Kelly formally known as the Kelly Cutters. Many barbers use these men as examples and aim to also deliver a very high quality service.
With experience, barbers can manage a salon or barber shop, or eventually open their own shop. Advancement is also possible in teaching barbering. Some states combine barbering and cosmetology licenses into one. Some states allow transferring a barbering license from another state without additional formal training, but not all states allow this.

Personal service occupations
A carpenter is a person who works with wood. They can make cabinets, build houses, or do other things with wood.

Carpenters usually make very good foremen (people who watch over a job) on larger jobs as they deal with so much of the project from ground up. Carpenters are always adding to their tools and always learning how to use the new tools, materials, and ways of working with wood.

Many carpenters will choose to focus their skills in one of two broad ranging categories. Rough carpenters will focus on building things that need to be simple and structural. This includes framing for houses, or crates for shipping. Finish carpenters will focus on things that are detailed and artistic. For example, they can be furniture builders, cabinet makers or toy makers. Wood carvers are sometimes counted as carpenters.

Related pages 
 Cabinet making

References 

Construction occupations
An electrician is a person who fixes the wires and switches so that lights and outlets work the right way. Some electricians work in a building. 

Construction occupations
A roof is the top surface of the building. The plural of 'roof' is 'roofs'. The roof keeps out rain and snow and protects people from the sun. Some roofs are sloped, or pitched, so the rain and snow fall off easily. Some roofs are flat, but even flat roofs have a little bit of pitch so the water can flow away towards a drain.

Types 
Gable, hip, gambrel, shed and mansard roofs are the main types of pitched roofs. The type of roof on a building helps identify the building style. For example, an American Arts and Crafts style versus a Cape Cod style. Roofs are often covered in asphalt or wood shingles. But they can also be covered in metal, slate, or clay tiles. It can be dangerous to walk on a pitched roof. Some pitched roofs have parts that stick out for windows. These are called dormers. The edges of pitched roofs are called 'eaves'. Often there are gutters and leaders at the eaves, which take away water from the roof.
Flat roofs are usually covered in rubber or types of plastic. You can usually walk on a flat roof. At the edge of a flat roof there is sometimes a parapet. This is to prevents people from falling off the roof.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 Gable Roof Erection Procedure: YouTube
 Roof Truss Basics - Structural Engineering And Home Building Tips; YouTube

Basic English 850 words
Roofs
A brick is a man-made building material used to make walls and make places to walk. It is a single unit of a kneaded clay-bearing soil, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried, used in masonry construction.

Bricks are made mostly of clay. They are put into molds or cut with wires, and then baked in an oven. The color of a brick depends on the clay from which it was made.

Masons build brick walls. They join bricks together using mortar.
Bricks can be assembled into many different patterns. The most common pattern is called "running bond". A row of bricks is called a course. 

Bricks used outdoors on the ground are called "pavers". Engineering bricks are used for high load-bearing walls, and for damp-proof courses. They are more expensive, and are made of better clays and fired at a higher temperature.
History
The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7500 B.C. They have been found in Çayönü, a place in the upper Tigris area in south east Anatolia, close to Diyarbakir. A bit later, between 7000 and 6395 BC, bricks come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük. 

Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials. They have been used since about 3000 BC in early Indus Valley cities. Sun-dried mud bricks are much older, and quite satisfactory in hot, dry climates. Fired bricks are much more resistant to cold and moist weather conditions. They allow permanent building in regions where the harsher climate prevents the use of mud bricks.

Most bricks from all places tend to be about the same size: ~9 x ~4¼ x ~2½ inches or 250 × 120 × 65 mm. This is because they are picked up by the brickie in one hand, while in his other hand is a trowel with cement on it.
Cement 
Just as bricks are ancient (probably Neolithic in origin), so is cement. That is (in comparison) a more recent invention. The ancient Greeks and Romans used cement. Older civilizations knew, however, that bricks needed to be stuck together. The Babylonians and Assyrians used bitumen to bind together burnt brick or alabaster slabs. Bitumen comes out of the ground naturally in a few places. It is a black oily substance of organic origin, like oil or pitch.

In Ancient Egypt, stone blocks were cemented together with a mortar made of sand and roughly burnt gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O), which often contained calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

Other images

References 

Basic English 850 words
Building materials
San Diego () is the second largest city in the U.S. state of California and eighth largest in the United States. It is at the southwest corner of California, as well as the southwest corner of the continental United States. It was founded in 1769 and it is the oldest city in California. The mayor of San Diego as of 2020 is Todd Gloria.

It has comfortable weather most of the year. There are several military bases in and near San Diego. It has many beaches along the Pacific Ocean. The San Diego Zoo is very famous.

San Diego is home to San Diego State University, the University of California, San Diego, and University of San Diego.

San Diego is on the international Mexico–United States Border. The city of Tijuana is just across the Mexican border.

San Diego is home to the San Diego Padres baseball team.
Substance Abuse Statistics in San Diego 
Heroin, fentanyl, alcohol, and prescription drug addiction are common addiction types in San Diego. In 2017, there were 273 unintentional prescription-related deaths in San Diego County and 7,505 opioid-related visits to emergency rooms. From 2016 to 2017 there was a 115% increase of fentanyl-related deaths in San Diego. In 2017, there were 357 alcohol-related deaths in San Diego County. Of those deaths, 127 also involved prescription drugs, 15 involved a combination of heroin and prescription drugs, and  involved heroin. 15,952 adults were admitted into drug treatment centers in San Diego in 2017. In 2016, an estimated 125 million opioid pills were sold in San Diego County, which equates to nearly 38 pills per person.

References 

 
County seats in California
1769 establishments
18th-century establishments in California
The oriole ( or Old World oriole) is a bird in the family Oriolidae. They make up the genus Oriolus. Old World orioles are found areas of Africa, Asia and Europe. They are most often found in tropical areas but one species lives in cooler areas. The golden oriole is the only species of Old World oriole which is not a tropical bird.

Many species have bright coloured feathers.

The orioles evolved in Australasia, and later spread to Eurasia. They are not related to the New World oriole. New World orioles are members of the blackbird family Icteridae and are native to the Americas .

The kinds of oriole 
This is a list of kinds of orioles, in the English and Latin languages:
Golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
 Brown oriole, Oriolus szalayi
 Halmahera oriole, Oriolus phaeochromus
 Ceram oriole, Oriolus forsteni
 Buru oriole, Oriolus bouroensis
 Timor oriole, Oriolus viridifuscus
 Olive-backed oriole or White-bellied Oriole, Oriolus sagittattus
 Yellow oriole or Green oriole, Oriolus flavocinctus
 Dark-throated oriole, Oriolus xanthonotus
 White-lored oriole, Oriolus albiloris
 Isabella oriole, Oriolus isabellae
 African golden oriole, Oriolus auratus
 Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis
 Green-headed oriole, Oriolus chlorocephalus
 Great-billed oriole, Oriolus crassirostris
 Western black-headed oriole, Oriolus brachyrhynchus
 Forest oriole,  Oriolus monacha 
 Black-headed oriole, Oriolus larvatus
 Black-winged oriole, Oriolus nigripennis
 Black-hooded oriole, Oriolus xanthornus
 Black oriole, Oriolus hosii
 Black and crimson oriole, Oriolus cruentus
 Maroon oriole, Oriolus trailili
 Silver oriole, Oriolus mellianus
 Figbird Sphecotheres viridis

References
References

Other websites 
 Oriole videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Passeri
Feathers are the things which cover birds. They help keep birds warm.  Feathers also protect them from injury. In most kinds of birds, wing feathers help them to fly. These are called flight feathers. 
Some people have their pet birds clipped. This is a procedure where a vet or a groomer cuts a certain amount of feathers to prevent the bird from flying away or simply for medical reasons.

Vaned feathers 
The main feathers which cover the outside of a bird are called vaned feathers. Vaned feathers have a stiff center, with soft barbs on the side, which seem like hairs. The center is called a quill. This type of feather is called pennaceous (= like a pen).
Down feathers 
Young birds have small feathers, called down, which keep them warm, but cannot be used for flying.  Down is very soft.  Adult birds have down, but also have vaned feathers on top of the down. Down is also used in blankets. Down feathers are just one example of plumaceous feathers (the word means 'fluffy'). Another example is the feathers on flightless birds such as the ostrich.

Moulting 
Birds lose their feathers at certain times.  This is called moulting.  By moulting, a bird can replace old feathers with new ones.  Many birds moult once every year.
Colour 
Feathers give birds colour.  The function of colour in birds is extremely important. It includes:
Camouflage: it hides the bird in its natural environment, especially when it is stationary in the nest. Camouflage is often backed up with behaviour: see the bittern on its nest.
Display: birds carry display colours when they need to be noticed by other birds. Often the male of a pair will do the display and wear colours, while the female is camouflaged. Display is usually backed up by behaviour, especially bird song. The main functions are:
To attract a mate
To signal and defend their territory.

Use by people 
People use feathers for many purposes.  In the past, quills were commonly used as pens, and colorful feathers were worn on hats.  Many pillows, cushions, mattresses, coats, and quilts are stuffed with down. Feathers are also used by people of many tribes for decoration.

References 

Basic English 850 words
Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13, 1986) are twin American actresses.  They have acted in movies and on television series since they were nine months old.

The twins began acting on the ABC series Full House between 1987 and 1995, in which both of them played Michelle Tanner.

In the early 1990s, they became the youngest entrepreneurs in Hollywood history by starting the Dualstar Entertainment company.

Later that decade, they acted in Two of a Kind and So Little Time, as well as their own animated series.

They also acted in the movies, It Takes Two (1994), New York Minute (2003), and many direct-to-video movies and specials.

Merchandise related to the Olsens is still very popular in the teenage market. The Olsens have a clothing line for girls ages 4–14 in Wal-Mart stores across North America, as well as a beauty line called "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Real fashion for real girls".
Health issues 
In mid-2004, Mary-Kate Olsen announced she had entered treatment for an eating disorder, anorexia nervosa. A Got Milk? ad featuring the twins was pulled following the announcement. On November 20, 2007 she was hospitalized for a reported kidney infection.

Fashion only 
The twins have bought up a number of fashion labels, and this is now their main activity. In 2012 the girls decided to quit acting permanently and focus on fashion.

References

Other websites 
 The Official Site 
 Olsen Twins in the News 
 A Site Devoted to the Twins

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
American movie actors
American movie producers
Singers from Los Angeles
American television actors
American television producers
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Sibling duos
Twin people
The Walt Disney Company, commonly nicknamed Disney, is one of the largest entertainment and media companies in the world. Disney is known for Mickey Mouse, Winnie the Pooh, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Cinderella, The Little Mermaid, The Lion King, Mary Poppins, Frozen, Aladdin, Lilo and Stitch, Toy Story and Cars. The studio is famous for cartoons, movies, television programs and shorts. It was started in 1923 by Walt Disney and his brother, Roy Oliver Disney, as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. It had the name of Laugh-O-Gram Studio from 1921 to 1923, Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio from 1923 to 1926, Walt Disney Studio from 1926 to 1929, and Walt Disney Productions from 1929 to 1985. 

Some of Disney best-known franchises include Mickey Mouse, Winnie the Pooh, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Cinderella, The Little Mermaid, The Lion King, Aladdin, Mary Poppins, Frozen, Lilo and Stitch, Pinocchio, Dumbo, Bambi, Pirates of the Caribbean, Toy Story, Cars and other Disney and Pixar characters.
Mickey Mouse has been the mascot of Disney since 1928.

The current chairman and CEO is Bob Iger since 2022.

Divisions 
The company's main units are Studio Entertainment, Parks and Resorts, Media Networks and Consumer Products.

Studio Entertainment 
This unit, also called the Walt Disney Studios, is headed by Chairman Dick Cook. It consists of:
 The Walt Disney Studios – movie studios Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios, and Hollywood Pictures.
 The Disney Music Group – Walt Disney Records, Mammoth Records, Lyric Street Records and Hollywood Records.
 Distribution companies: Buena Vista International and Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.
One of the Studios' largest assets lies in Walt Disney Animation Studios, which has made a successful string of animated movies for almost seven decades. Because of failures with most of their recent additions, it has changed its focus from traditional hand-drawn to CGI movies. Pixar, also owned by Disney, is one of the first studios to create CGI movies. Since 2009, Disney has bought three movie studios: Marvel Comics, Lucasfilm and 20th Century Studios.

On March 20, 2019, The Walt Disney Company bought 21st Century Fox for $52.4 billion USD.
Parks and Resorts 
Worldwide, Disney has eleven theme parks (as of  ):
 Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California
 Disneyland Park in California
 Disney's California Adventure in California
 Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida
 Magic Kingdom in Florida
 Epcot in Florida
 Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida
 Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida
 Disneyland Paris in France
 Walt Disney Studios in France
 Tokyo Disneyland in Japan
 Tokyo DisneySea in Japan
 Hong Kong Disneyland Resort
 Shanghai Disneyland Park in China

Disney once owned the sports teams, the Angels (baseball) and the Mighty Ducks (ice hockey), both based in Anaheim, California. These teams were later sold to other people.

Disney Enterprises Inc.

Disney Enterprises Inc. is a subsidiary of the company; the name is found in many of its franchises.
Media Networks 
The ABC television network, which Disney bought in 1995, serves as the center of this unit. Cable television channels within it include Disney Channel, Disney XD, Freeform, ESPN and SOAPnet. It also partly owns Lifetime, A&E and E!.

Buena Vista Television, responsible for the syndication of many Disney series, produces some of its own as well: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, Live with Regis and Kelly, and Ebert & Roeper.

Consumer Products 
Merchandising and licensing within the company are overseen in this division. Disney Publishing Worldwide, part of this unit, has Disney Press, Disney Editions and Hyperion Books as its brands.

It once owned the Disney Store shopping chain until 2004, when it sold all the stores to The Children's Place.
History 
 1923: The Disney Company is founded
 1925: First appearance of Pegleg Pete cartoons, Alice Solves the Puzzle
 1928: First Mickey Mouse cartoons, Plane Crazy
 1928: First appearance of Minnie Mouse cartoons, Plane Crazy
 1928: First official Mickey Mouse episode, Steamboat Willie
 1929: Start of the Silly Symphonies: The Skeleton Dance
 1929: First Silly Symphony episode, The Skeleton Dance
 1930: First appearance of Pluto cartoon, The Chain Gang
 1932: First appearance of Goofy cartoon, Mickey's Revue (Columbia Pictures Studios)
 1932: First full-colour cartoon, Flowers and Trees
 1933: First appearance of Fifi the Peke cartoons, Puppy Love
 1933: First Donald Duck Theme Music #1, The Steeplechase
 1933: First Pluto's Devil cartoons, Mickey's Pal Pluto
 1933: First Pluto's Angel cartoons, Mickey's Pal Pluto
 1934: First Walt Disney segment, The Hot Choco-Late Soldiers
 1934: First Donald Duck cartoon, The Wise Little Hen
 1937: First Daisy Duck cartoons, Don Donald
1937: First Donald Duck episode, Don Donald
 1937: First Pluto, Jr. cartoons. Pluto's Quin-Puplets
 1937: First full-length animated movie, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
 1938: First Huey, Dewey and Louie cartoons, Donald's Nephews
 1939: First Goofy episode, Goofy and Wilbur
 1939: First Mickey Mouse Theme #1, The Standard Parade
 1940: First Disney movie failed at the box office, Pinocchio
 1940: First Pluto episode, Bone Trouble
 1940: First Donald Duck Theme #2, Window Cleaners
 1940: First Goofy Theme #1, Goofy's Glider
 1940: First Pluto #1, Private Parate
 1940: Studio moves to Burbank, California
 1940: Fantasia's debut
 1941: Dumbo's debut
 1942: Bambi's debut
 1942: First P.J. cartoons, Bellboy Donald
 1943: First Scrooge McDuck cartoons, The Spirit of '43
 1943: First Chip 'n' Dale cartoons, Private Pluto
 1944: First Pluto Theme #2, Springtime for Pluto
 1945: First Dutch cartoons, Canine Casanova
 1946: Song of the Souths debut
 1947: First Pluto Theme #3, Pluto's Housewarming
1947: First Donald Duck Theme #3, Donald's Dilemma
 1947: First Mickey Mouse #2, Mickey's Delayed Date
 1950: Cinderella's debut
 1950: First Goofy Theme #2, Motor Mania
 1954: Walt Disney anthology series starts
 1955: Disneyland opens in Anaheim, California
 1955: First widescreen cartoon, Lady and the Tramp
 1964: Mary Poppins becomes the first Disney movie to be nominated for Best Picture
 1966: Walt Disney dies; his brother Roy takes over the studio
 1967: Last animated movie from producer Walt Disney, The Jungle Book
 1971: Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida
 1979: Don Bluth and friends leave the studio
 1979: The Black Hole, Disney's first PG movie, is a failure with critics.
 1981: Disney's last movie that has any of the Nine Old Men as the animators: The Fox and the Hound
 1983: Disney Channel is launched
 1984: Touchstone Pictures starts with Splash
 1984: Michael Eisner became the CEO of Disney
 1985: Disney's first animated movie that was rated PG: The Black Cauldron
1987: Disney animated television series DuckTales
 1988: Who framed Roger Rabbit's debut
 1988: DisneyToons Studios opens
 1989: The Little Mermaid brings new life in the animation division as well as the genre; studio gets its first Oscar in eighteen years for this movie
 1990: Hollywood Pictures starts with Arachnophobia
 1991: Beauty and the Beast becomes the first animated movie to be nominated for Best Picture
 1992: Disney releases Aladdin
 1993: The Nightmare Before Christmas's debut
 1993: Disney buys the Miramax movie studio.
 1994: Studio president Frank Wells was killed in a helicopter crash
 1994: The Lion King is released. It becomes the highest grossing hand drawn animated movie of all time.
 1994: Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns from Disney.
 1995: Disney acquires American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and ESPN
 1995: First Pixar movie, Toy Story
 2001: Disney Channel television series Lizzie McGuire
 2001: First Pixar movie that was nominated for Best Animated Feature, Monsters Inc.
2003: First Pixar movie that won an Oscar for Best Animated Feature, Finding Nemo
 2003: Pirates of the Caribbean becomes studio's first family movie with a rating of PG-13
 2004: Home on the Range is Disney's last traditionally animated movie to use CAPS
 2004: First Pixar movie that is rated PG, The Incredibles
 2005: Disneyland celebrates fiftieth birthday
 2005: Michael Eisner resigns from Disney. He was replaced by Bob Iger.
 2005:The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe's debut
 2005: First self-made CGI movie, Chicken Little
 2009: Up becomes the first Pixar animated feature to be nominated for Best Picture
 2009: Disney buys comic book publisher Marvel Comics for 4 billion US dollars - including Hulk, Spider-Man, X-Men, Fantastic Four and the Avengers.
 2010: Disney sells one of its movie studios, Miramax Films, to Filmyard Holdings.
2012: Disney buys movie studio Lucasfilm for 4 billion US dollars - including Star Wars and Indiana Jones - the removed ending of Lucasfilm at the studios from 20th Century Fox and Paramount Pictures.
 2013: Disney releases Frozen, which becomes the studio's first non-Pixar movie to win an Oscar for Best Animated Feature.
 2017: Disney agrees to buy most of Fox’s assets for 52 billion US dollars.
 2018: DisneyToon Studios was closed down
 2018: John Lasseter left Disney
 2018: Touchstone Pictures was closed down
 2019: Disney completes its purchase of 21st Century Fox and its assets.
 2019: Ed Catmull retires
 2019: Disney creates their own streaming service, Disney+ (including Pixar, Marvel Comics and Star Wars) in November 2019.
 2020: Disney renames 20th Century Fox to "20th Century Studios", to avoid confusion with Fox Corporation.
 2020: Bob Iger resigns as the CEO of Disney. He was replaced by Bob Chapek as CEO.
 2021: Disney closes its radio station, Radio Disney.
2021: Disney+ creates the Star hub outside of the US, which has movies and television programs for adults.
 2021: The Walt Disney Company Latin America rebrands all the channels with the Fox name in Latin America, to Star.
 2022: The Walt Disney Company Latin America closes Star Premium in January 31st, 2022.
 2022: Bob Chapek got fired, and Bob Iger returned as a CEO of Disney.
Disney+ 

 On November 12, 2019, Disney launched their own streaming service, Disney+. The platform features almost all of their cartoons, short movies, movies and TV shows along with those made by properties bought by Disney, such as Disney, The Muppets, Pixar, Lucasfilm, and Marvel. It also features original content, such as several Marvel and Star Wars programs. R rated movies and shows appear on Hulu and the international Star hub, and movies, cartoons, and TV shows that feature smoking, swear words, violence, and stereotypical depictions of African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, and other minorities come with a warning.

Related pages
 Walt Disney Pictures
 List of Disney animated movies
 List of Disney characters

References

Other websites

 The Official Site
 Corporate Site
 
 

 

Companies based in Los Angeles
Hypercholesterolemia means that the cholesterol level is too high in the blood.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a molecule in cells. It is a type of lipid which is a fat or fat-like molecule. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid that is called a steroid. Steroids are lipids that have a special chemical structure. This structure is made of four rings of carbon atoms.

Other steroids include hormone steroids like cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. In fact, all steroid hormones are made from changing the basic chemical structure of cholesterol. When scientists talk about making one molecule from changing simpler ones, they sometimes call it synthesis.
Jobs
Cholesterol does many important jobs in a cell. Cholesterols main function is as a structural component of cell membranes.  It is also the starting material for bile acids that are made by the liver and used to digest fats, and for steroid hormones.  However, it is best known for something bad that it does.  High levels of cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis.  This is an inflammatory disease of artery walls in which white blood cells invade the vessel wall and become engorged with cholesterol and other lipids. These 
areas can slowly close off a blood vessel or can suddenly rupture and trigger formation of a blood clot.

Types
Not all cholesterol is bad. There are different kinds of cholesterol in the blood. Doctors often measure these different types to see if someone has hypercholesterolemia.

HDL (high density lipoprotein) is sometimes called 'good cholesterol' because people with high levels of HDL cholesterol have less atherosclerosis.
LDL (low density lipoprotein) is sometimes called 'bad cholesterol' because people with high levels of LDL cholesterol have more atherosclerosis.

High blood levels of VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) also causes more atherosclerosis. However, measuring its level in blood is more expensive. So the blood level of triglycerides (a kind of fat) is used instead. High triglycerides (TG) are found in people with high VLDL.

Treatment

The most common type of medicine to treat hypercholesterolemia are 'statin' drugs. They are called 'statins' because their names all end in -statin. They are also called HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors. This is because they work by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase. Inhibiting an enzyme means to make it work less well.
The HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme causes the body to make more cholesterol. If it is inhibited, the body makes less cholesterol. So statin drugs lower the amount of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the blood which stops atherosclerosis from getting worse. Statin drugs can even help make atherosclerosis better. However, statins are not as good at increasing the HDL (good) cholesterol. Low HDL is hard to treat with medicines, but goes up with more exercise.

There are two big problems with taking statins: Liver problems and 'Rhabdomyolysis.'
Rhabdomyolysis means a disease where muscle cells are damaged and die. Statins can cause damage to muscle cells. This can cause weakness and muscle pain. The worse problem though is that when muscle cells die, they release cell proteins into the blood. The kidney removes the muscle protein from the blood. If the kidney takes up too much protein, it can be hurt. If it is bad enough it can cause kidney failure. So if people take statins and get muscle pain or weakness, stop the medicine and see a doctor.

Statins can also cause liver problems. They can cause mild irritation of the liver. They can rarely cause very bad liver damage. Because of this, when someone starts taking a statin, doctors check liver blood tests after six weeks. Doctors also warn patients to watch for the signs of liver damage: pain in the right side of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.
However, both of these problems are rare. In someone with hypercholesterolemia, the benefit from statins is more than the risk. This means that someone is more likely to prevent problems than cause problems by taking them. There are many big scientific studies of this problem that show the same thing: if people have hypercholesterolemia and take statins, they are more likely to live longer and be healthier.

There are other kinds of medicines to treat hypercholesterolemia. But statins are the most effective treatment.

Fibrates are medicines that lower cholesterol levels. They may also help people with Type II Diabetes. This is a good effect because diabetes and hypercholesterolemia cause some of the same problems. If both diabetes and hypercholesterolemia happen in the same person the problems from these diseases can be much worse. Fibrates can have rhabdomyolysis like the statins and also can cause upset stomach. Use of fibrates and statins at the same time makes rhabdomyolysis happen much more often.
Niacin is a vitamin that lowers cholesterol levels. It is also called Vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid. Severe niacin deficiency in the diet can cause a disease called Pellagra. This is rare in the developed world today. However, less bad deficiency of niacin can cause high blood pressure, weight gain, and hypercholesterolemia. So sometimes Niacin is used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Niacin is one of the medicines that may make HDL (good) cholesterol go up. The biggest problem with taking enough Niacin to help cholesterol is that it causes severe flushing (hot, red, sometimes itchy skin). This 'side-effect' is so bad, sometimes people stop taking the medicine.

Bile Acid Resins are medicines that make people not absorb as much bile when they digest food. This causes them to take up less cholesterol also, which lowers blood levels of cholesterol.

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cholesterol is a molecule that is found in animal cells and body fluids. Cholesterol is not found in plant sources. It is a type of lipid which is a fat or fat-like molecule.  Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid that is called a steroid. Steroids are lipids that have a special chemical structure. This structure is made of four rings of carbon atoms. Cholesterol is found especially in animal fats.

Cholesterol is the main steroid synthesized by animals. Other steroids include hormone steroids like cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. These and other steroid hormones are made by changing the basic chemical structure of cholesterol. This is an example of chemical synthesis.

Hypercholesterolemia means that cholesterol level is too high in the blood. High cholesterol levels show that heart disease may develop.

Related pages 
Bile
Metabolism

Lipids
Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its name comes from the Iowa River, which was named after the Ioway people, one of the Native American tribes that lived in Iowa. Iowa was a part of New France, but was sold to the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Its settlers were mostly farmers: Iowa is part of the Corn Belt and is often known as the "Food Capital of the World." However, Iowa's landscape, culture, and economy are diverse, with the economy changing in the second half of the 20th Century to include many kinds of business.

Iowa has about 3,200,000 people . Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa became a state on December 28, 1846. It was the 29th state to join the United States.

Geography
 Iowa is in the Midwestern United States. To the north of Iowa is Minnesota; to the west are Nebraska and South Dakota; to the south is Missouri; and to the east are Illinois and Wisconsin.
The eastern border of the state is marked by the Mississippi River which runs between Iowa and Illinois. The western border is marked by the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers. The northern border is a line 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border follows the northern border of Missouri. Iowa and Missouri disagreed about the location of the Iowa-Missouri border. This argument was ended by the Supreme Court of the United States in the 1896 case, State of Missouri v. State of Iowa, after a standoff called the Honey War. The border follows the Des Moines River for the far eastern part of the state and is at close to 40 degrees, 35 minutes north for the rest of the state.

Iowa has 99 counties, but 100 county seats because Lee County has two. The state capital, Des Moines, is in Polk County.

Most of Iowa is considered to be a plain.
Law and Government
The government of Iowa has three branches, similar to the federal government of the United States. The executive branch is headed by the governor, currently Kim Reynolds (R) since May 24, 2017. The legislative branch is the Iowa General Assembly, composed of two houses - the Iowa Senate and the Iowa House of Representatives. The judicial branch is headed by the Iowa Supreme Court under the chief justice, currently Marsha Ternus.

There are two major political parties in Iowa, the Iowa Democratic Party and the Republican Party of Iowa, as well as several unofficial third parties. No one party is in charge of the government ; the governor is a Republican and the House has a Republican majority under Kraig Paulsen, but the Senate has a Democratic majority under Mike Gronstal.
Iowa sends two senators and four representatives to Congress. The number of representatives was five, but starting with the 2012 elections is only four, because of redistricting.
Senators:
 Joni Ernst (R)
 Chuck Grassley (R)
Representatives:
 Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R) - First District
 Ashley Hinson (R) - Second District
 Zach Nunn (R) - Third District
 Randy Feenstra (R) - Fourth District

Economy

There are many farms in Iowa. Iowa is well known for its agriculture. Its main agricultural outputs are hogs, corn, soybeans, oats, cattle, and dairy products. Its industrial outputs include food processing and machinery. Iowa also produces more ethanol fuel than any other U.S. state.

There are diesel pumps in Iowa.

Related pages
 Colleges and universities in Iowa
 List of cities in Iowa
 List of counties in Iowa
 List of rivers of Iowa

Notes

References

1846 establishments in the United States
Midwestern United States
Definition and common identities
Gender Identity is how a person identifies themselves. A person’s gender identity is based on what label and type they feel most comfortable aligning with. It can change throughout someone’s life, depending on how they feel during that time. Much of dominant society across cultures follows the construction of the gender binary, prescribing that everyone must either be a man or a woman. However, more genders exist outside of male and female. Recent decades have brought new terminology and means of using language to make space for a range of genders. And more importantly, the rise of LGBTQ+ education and rights have brought transgender issues to the attention of the public, as well as the many genders that a person can identify as.

 Cisgender: the label for people who identify as the gender they were assigned at birth (ex: male and female)
'Transgender' is both an identity label and an umbrella term. A person can identify as a trans woman or trans man, but there are more genders that fall underneath the transgender category. Nonbinary genders (or people who do not identify as male or female) may fall underneath transgender, depending on how the person self-identifies. 'Nonbinary' may be used as a synonym for agender, or someone doesn't identify with a gender, but also may refer to other genders. 

Some gender identities include, but aren't limited to:

 Agender
Bigender
Cisgender
Genderfluid
Genderqueer
 Nonbinary
Transgender
Two-Spirit
 and more.
Gender expression
Gender expression (also called, "gender presentation") means how a person dresses, looks, and acts, in ways that might affect how other people view their gender. Someone who wears men's clothes and acts in a masculine way has a male gender expression.  Someone who wears women's clothes and acts in a feminine way has a female gender expression. This is different from gender identity because people can choose to look or behave one way even if that is not how they feel inside. Sometimes people call this gender presentation or just presentation.
Gender identity in anthropology
Gender is a key concept in the field of anthropology. Gender and sex are defined differently in this field. Gender in regards to an individual's identity, and sex being biology determined. Gender identity, while can be tied to sex and biology in some, is not necessarily determined by these factors. Assumptions around gender identity based in biological factors can be false and while sometimes accepted in the mainstream, can be in fact dangerous. The roles and expectations of gender have strong cultural influences as well. Gender across cultures has been studied extensively, regarding the different identities accepted in the mainstream, roles of the genders, and historical trends of them. Gender Identity and expression has extremely common historical roots, and more gender identities outside of the traditional binary are becoming accepted in the mainstream
. Acceptance of gender identities that do not exist within a harsh binary is not exclusively a new concept, just one that is becoming more common in current western society. There are various historical examples of gender identities that were not only recognized, but celebrated, outside the traditional cisgender male and female.
Transgender and transsexual
'Transgender' is a term that means that the gender assigned at birth (typically 'AMAB' or 'assigned male at birth' and 'AFAB' or 'assigned female at birth') does not match with the gender a person identifies as. The experiences that transgender people have are vast and may differ from one another, although there are sometimes shared experiences. For instance, a transgender person may feel gender dysphoria (but not everyone will be dysphoric). A transgender person may also feel it necessary to medically transition, or take hormones, or a combination of the two. 'Transsexual' is a term that some transgender people may use after receiving sex-reassignment surgeries and medical transition, but depending on who one is talking to, this term may be considered outdated and the person may instead opt to simply continue using the term 'transgender' as their identification.
Some people use the word 'transgender' to mean somewhat different things, as the word has expanded and changed since it was first invented in 1965.

Factors and terminology 
Some factors involved in transgender identification are:
Assigned gender (or sex assignment, or just sex) is whether a person is male or female at birth.
Gender identity (or simply gender) is the label a person uses to describe how they identify to the world around them: male, female, nonbinary, and other identities that fall around them. 
Gender expression (or gender presentation) is how a person dresses, acts, and behaves. It's important to remember that gender expression is not the same as gender identity. A cisgender woman can wear traditionally-male clothes and not be a man, a cisgender man can act in a way that's considered "feminine" and not be a woman, etc.
All three of these factors contribute to how a person labels their self, and make gender a confusing construct to navigate. People can have gender presentations that don't match their gender identity, or a gender identity that doesn't match the gender they were assigned at birth, etc. A person whose gender identity matches the gender they were assigned at birth is called 'cisgender'. As time has passed, the growing voice of LGBTQ+ issues and rise of educational resources on the topics of gender and sexuality has allowed for many to learn about transgender issues, and help others with their own gender navigation.

Types of identity mismatch

It is possible to have every different combination of sex, gender identity, and gender expression. For example:
A person may be female at birth, but have a male gender identity, may call themself a transgender man or 'trans man'. Trans men may typically dress in a masculine manner, wear a chest binder, take testosterone and have sex reassignment surgery if they wish to do so.
 Someone who identifies as male (whether he was that at birth or has taken on that gender identity) may dress up and perform in traditionally-women's clothes (in drag). While in drag, this person performs as a woman and may call themselves such.. It also works vice-versa, where women perform on stage as men. This is called being a drag king.

There are many people whose gender identity differs from the one they are at birth, but the person hides it due to fear of rejection, laws that do not protect transgender people, being abandoned or cut off by family and friends, and even fear of getting assaulted.
For instance, a woman going on a date may have to grapple with the decision of when and or if she should tell her date that she is transgender. There is the chance that her date will not care that she is transgender and they can carry on, and she will be happy knowing that she can safely be herself around this person. However, there's also the chance that her date will react angrily and misgender her after finding out she is transgender, and maybe even assault her. A person who identifies as nonbinary may keep their identity a secret to their family out of fear of being kicked out and left homeless, or sent to conversion therapy.

Many people go through this fear, so it is very normal to feel scared.
Another issue that has come up recently is one that feminists, who believe one can dress however they want, argue over whether someone claiming to be a woman and deciding to wear a dress
should be treated as a woman based on this self-identification. This is a matter of dispute within the feminist movement. You can wear whatever you want and still be a woman. A transwoman AMAB who wears a dress makes it so that the feminist movement can not move past this idea that women must wear a dress. Women who see themselves as feminists have strong views on both sides of the issue of whether or not trans women are women,to the point that they deny those who hold the opposite view are real feminists.
Women who see feminism as based on fighting against the oppression of biological women based on biological sex often call themselves gender critical or gender abolitionists (the latter idea based on the expectation of particular dress or behavior being itself oppression). Those who disagree often label these women Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminists, or TERFs.
Medical diagnosis
When a person's gender identity and body do not match, they may go to see a doctor. The doctor may help them change their body if that is what they want. A psychiatrist may diagnose this person with Gender identity disorder (gender dysphoria), but medical diagnosis itself is a controversial subject because being transgender has one been considered to be a mental illness, the stigma is still there. Principle 18 of the Yogyakarta Principles, a document about international law on human rights states that "any classifications to the contrary, a person's gender identity is not in and of itself, medical condition". And "Activist's Guide" to them says that "gender identity" or "gender identity disorder" exists still in categories of mental illness, contrary to the "sexual orientation" removed from such categories.
But despite the strides taken to remove the stigma of mental illness in being transgender, gatekeeping by doctors and therapists make most transgender people struggle to achieve their ideal self. In most cases, doctors require therapists to 'diagnose' whether their patient is 'transgender enough' to take hormones or have surgery. And even if you do that diagnosis, a surgeon can refuse to perform surgery on you.

For children about to enter puberty, drugs called puberty blockers can slow down or temporarily stop the process of puberty. This gives the person more time to explore their gender identity and decide if surgery is what they want.

References

Related pages
Legal gender

Other websites
BORN FREE AND EQUAL - Sexual orientation and gender identity in international human rights law, 2012

Gender
America's Army is a multiplayer first-person shooter computer game series. It can be played using Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. It is the official game of the United States Army. The first version was free. It came out on July 4, 2002. It has been updated many times since then. The second important release was America's Army: Special Forces in November 2003. America's Army was made by the MOVES Institute at the Naval Postgraduate School. It is based on the Unreal engine.