Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Younger prisoners commonly worked as putzers. Their job was to do cleaning and meet the needs of SS officers and the Trawniki men. Young male prisoners were often forced to work as the "barbers" who cut women's hair on their way to the gas chamber. The Nazis often assigned young men to this job in order to humiliate them the naked women whose hair they were cutting. Armed Trawniki men supervised the process in order to ensure that barbers did not respond to victims' questions or pleas.

When construction of Lager IV began in the summer of 1943, the Nazis assembled a forest commando who worked there cutting timber for heat, cooking, and cremation pyres.

The Sonderkommando 
In Lager III, a special unit of Jewish prisoners called the Sonderkommando was forced to assist in the extermination process. They had to remove victims' dead bodies from the gas chamber, search their body cavities for valuables, and cremate their corpses. They also had to scrub blood and excrement from the gas chambers.
The Sonderkommando were direct witnesses to genocide. For this reason, the Nazis did not allow them to interact with other prisoners. Regularly, the SS would kill the entire unit and replace them with a new group of Sonderkommando. Since no workers from Lager III survived, nothing is known about their lives or experiences.
Resistance 
Prisoners struggled with the fact that they had participated in mass murder, even though they were forced to do so and did not directly kill anyone. Many committed suicide. Others endured, finding ways to resist. Many prisoners found symbolic ways to resist the Nazis, like praying for the dead, performing Jewish religious rites, and singing songs of resistance. Other prisoners found small ways to hurt the Nazi war effort. For example, while working in the sorting shed, Saartje Wijnberg would secretly damage fine items of clothing to prevent them from being sent to Germany. Another survivor, Esther Terner, said she would sometimes find an unattended pot of soup in the Nazis' canteen. Any time this happened, "We spit in it and washed our hands in it… Don't ask me what else we did to that soup… And they ate it."
Social relations 
It was difficult for prisoners to form personal relationships. Because people died so quickly at Sobibor, the camp's population was constantly changing. Also, prisoners often distrusted each other. Differences in nationality and language worsened this distrust. Many prisoners were especially suspicious of Dutch Jews because they spoke little Yiddish and had assimilated manners. German Jews faced the same suspicion as the Dutch. Many prisoners also suspected that German Jews would really be loyal to Germany, not to their fellow prisoners. 

When social groups did form, they were generally based on family ties or shared nationality. They were completely closed off to outsiders. Chaim Engel was shunned by fellow Polish Jews after he began a romantic relationship with Dutch-born Saartje Wijnberg. Many prisoners from Western Europe were not trusted with important information about what was happening in the camp.
Prisoners constantly expected death. For this reason, most of them adopted a day-at-a-time outlook. Crying was rare and prisoners often spent their evenings enjoying whatever of life was left. After the war, Leon Feldhendler, who helped organize the Sobibor revolt, said: “The Jews only had one goal: carpe diem, and in this they simply went wild.” Prisoners sang and danced in the evenings. Frequently, they had sexual or romantic relations. In some situations, prisoners may have traded sex for food or items. In other situations, especially between female prisoners and kapos, the relations were probably coerced. However, others were driven by genuine bonds. Two couples that met in Sobibor were married after the war. 

The Nazis allowed and even encouraged an atmosphere of merriment. They even forced prisoners to join a choir by threatening to kill them if they refused. Many prisoners thought the Nazis were trying to prevent them from resisting or thinking about escape.
Social status 
Prisoners had different levels of social status in the camp. A person's social status was mostly based on how useful they were to the Germans. There were three categories of prisoners: 

 Artisans. Their specialized skills made them very important to the Nazis. Artisans were at the top of the prisoner hierarchy and got special privileges from the SS. 
 Privileged workers. These prisoners had special jobs where they could be a little more comfortable than regular workers.
 The regular "drones." Most prisoners fell into this category. They did not do skilled jobs that were important to the Nazis. The Nazis viewed them as expendable (easily replaced). If the SS killed one of these prisoners, they could immediately replace that person with another prisoner. Their lives were entirely at the mercy of the SS.
Kapos also had a high social status in the camp. These were prisoners (usually criminals) chosen by the Nazis to help run the camp. Kapos did many different supervisory tasks. They also kept other prisoners under control, using whips, threats, and abuse. Prisoners were not asked if they wanted to be kapos; the Nazis simply chosen them, killing anyone who refused.
The kapos responded in many different ways to the pressures of their job. For example, Oberkapo Moses Sturm was nicknamed "Mad Moisz" for his unpredictable temperament. He would beat prisoners horrifically without provocation and then later apologize hysterically. He talked constantly of escape. Sometimes he just berated the other prisoners for not resisting the Nazis; at other times, he tried to formulate escape plans. Sturm was executed after a lower-ranking kapo named Herbert Naftaniel betrayed him. Naftaniel, nicknamed "Berliner", was promoted to Oberkapo and became a notorious figure in the camp. He viewed himself as German rather than Jewish. He terrorized other prisoners until just before the revolt. Then a group of prisoners beat him to death with the permission of SS-Oberscharfuhrer Karl Frenzel.
Although there were many divisions within the prisoner population, people found ways to support each other. Sick and injured prisoners were secretly given food, medicine and sanitary supplies stolen from the camp pharmacy. Healthy prisoners were expected to cover for sick prisoners, who would otherwise be killed. Kurt Ticho, a camp nurse, falsified his records so that sick prisoners could take more than the allowed three-day recovery period. Members of the railway brigade tried to warn new arrivals that they were going to be murdered, though few people believed them. 

The most successful act of solidarity in the camp was the revolt on 14 October 1943. The revolt was planned so that all of the prisoners in the camp would have at least some chance of escape.

Notes

References

Further reading

Other websites
Other websites

 Stichting Sobibor, the Dutch Sobibor Foundation 
 Collection of interviews , from NIOD
 Sobibor Museum 
 Nooit Voltooid Verleden Archaeological and testimonial documents
 Sobibor entry at the Holocaust Research Project
 Kurt Ticho testimony
 Toivi Blatt testimony
 Esther Raab testimony

1943 disestablishments in Europe
The Holocaust
Sean Rice (July 20, 1972 – January 14, 2022) was a Canadian pair skater. He also competed in the fours discipline. With Jodeyne Higgins. He was a two-time (1993, 1995) Canadian pairs bronze medallist and four-time (1993–1996) Canadian fours champion. Rice was born in Oakville, Ontario.

Rice died on January 14, 2022, at the age of 49.

References

1972 births
2022 deaths
Canadian figure skaters
Sportspeople from Ontario
People from Oakville, Ontario
Alice Marie von Hildebrand, GCSG (11 March 1923 – 14 January 2022) was a Belgian-born American Catholic philosopher, theologian, author, and professor. She was born in Brussels, Belgium. She taught at Hunter College. Von Hildebrand retired in 1984. She made more than 80 appearances on EWTN television programming.

Von Hildebrand died from a short-illness on 14 January 2022, at her home in New Rochelle, New York, at the age of 98.

References

1923 births
2022 deaths
Belgian philosophers
Belgian academics
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American philosophers
American theologians
Academics from New York City
Writers from Brussels
Ron Goulart (; January 13, 1933 – January 14, 2022) was an American popular culture historian and science fiction author.

In the early 1970s, Goulart wrote some scripts for Marvel Comics. In the early 1990s, he wrote Marvel's TekWar comics series.

Goulart died on January 14, 2022 in New Haven, Connecticut, one day after his 89th birthday.

References

1933 births
2022 deaths
American historians
American science fiction writers
American comics writers
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
Writers from Berkeley, California
Dallas Frazier (October 27, 1939 – January 14, 2022) was an American country musician and singer-songwriter. Frazier was born in Spiro, Oklahoma. His career lasted from 1954 until 1988. His best known songs were "Elvira", "There Goes My Everything", and "Alley Oop". In 1966, he was nominated for a Grammy Award.

Frazier died on January 14, 2022 in Gallatin, Tennessee from problems caused by multiple strokes, aged 82.

References

1939 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American country singers
American country musicians
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Oklahoma
Singers from Oklahoma
Writers from Oklahoma
People from Bakersfield, California
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Writers from Nashville, Tennessee
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Raúl Vilches More (2 October 1954 – 13 January 2022) was a Cuban volleyball player. He competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics. In 1976 he was part of the Cuban team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic event. He was born in Havana, Cuba.

Vilches died from cancer in Colombia on 13 January 2022, at the age of 67.

References

1954 births
2022 deaths
Cuban volleyball players
Cuban Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Havana
Cancer deaths in Colombia
Baubau is a city in Southeast Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The population of the city was 136,991 in 2010.

References

Cities in Indonesia
Sulawesi
Saousoalii Poe Siavii, Jr. ( ; November 14, 1978 – January 13, 2022) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League for the Kansas City Chiefs, Dallas Cowboys, and Seattle Seahawks. His career began in 2004 and he retired in 2010.

In August 2019, he was arrested for charges related to illegal firearms in Kansas City, Missouri. Three months later, he was indicted for conspiracy and drug-trafficking charges. On July 31, 2020, he was arrested on charges of 2nd degree burglary. 

Siavii died while waiting for his trial at a prison in Leavenworth, Kansas on January 13, 2022 at the age of 43.

References

1978 births
2022 deaths
American football defensive tackles
Kansas City Chiefs players
Dallas Cowboys players
Seattle Seahawks players
People who died in prison custody in the United States
Troy Pickard ( 1973 – 13 January 2022) was an Australian politician. He was the mayor of the City of Joondalup from 2006 to 2017. He was President of the Western Australian Local Government Association from 2010 to 2015 and president of the Australian Local Government Association from 2014 to 2016.

Pickard died suddenly on 13 January 2022, at the age of 48.

References

1973 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from Western Australia
Australian mayors
Israel Seymour Dresner (April 22, 1929 – January 13, 2022) was an American Reform rabbi. He was president of the Education Fund for Israeli Civil Rights and Peace. He was an important person in the Civil Rights Movement and a close friend to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.. Dresner was once called "the most arrested rabbi in America."

In December 2021, Dresner announced that he was diagnosed with terminal colon cancer. He died from the disease on January 13, 2022 in New York City, at the age of 92.

References

1929 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
American rabbis
American civil rights activists
People from New York City
Marktoberdorf () is the capital of Ostallgäu in Swabia.

Marktoberdorf is near Kempten, Füssen, known for the castle Neuschwanstein, Bad Wörishofen, and Schongau. The nearest larger city is Kaufbeuren, eleven kilometers away.

Gallery

Other websites

References

Ostallgäu
Mauerstetten is a municipality in Ostallgäu in the southwest of Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites
Official site (in German)

Ostallgäu
Jean-Jacques Beineix (; 8 October 1946 – 13 January 2022) was a French movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Paris, France. His career began in 1977. His best known movies were Diva, Moon in the Gutter, Betty Blue, Roselyne et les lions and Mortel Transfert.

Beineix died on 13 January 2022 at his home in Paris from a long-illness, aged 75.

References

1946 births
2022 deaths
Movie directors from Paris
Movie producers from Paris
French screenwriters
Writers from Paris
Aminata Touré (12 December 1952 – 12 January 2022) was a Guinean politician. She was mayor of Kaloum from 2018 until her death in 2022.

Touré died in Morocco from a long illness, on 12 January 2022, at the age of 69.

References

1952 births
2022 deaths
Guinean politicians
Mayors
Nesselwang is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is a frequently photographed market town and tourist resort at the foot of the Alps in Allgäu. It contains the market (Nesselwang) as well as 17 surrounding hamlets (Gschwend, Hörich, Reichenbach, Bayerstetten, Wank, Hertingen, Attlesee, Schneidbach, Hammerschmiede, Lachen, Niederhöfen,  Rindegg, Thal, Schicken, Schneidbach, Voglen and Widdumhof).

References

Ostallgäu
Obergünzburg (Swabian: Obergenzburg) is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Ostallgäu
Oberostendorf is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Ostallgäu
Osterzell is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Ostallgäu
Pforzen is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Ostallgäu
Mohamed Béavogui (born 15 August 1953) is a Guinean politician. He was the interim Prime Minister of Guinea from 6 October 2021 to 17 July 2022.

From 1982 to 1986, he worked in Nigeria, before being hired as a consultant by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

On 6 October 2021, a month after the 2021 Guinean coup d'état, he was named transitional prime minister of Guinea by interim president Mamady Doumbouya.

References

1953 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Guinea
Pfronten (Swabian: Pfronte) is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography 

Pfronten is one of a total of 45 towns, markets and municipalities in Ostallgäu. 

Pfronten is on the northern edge of the Allgäu Alps. The Vils flows through the municipal territory. It is at an altitude of 853 m above sea level. NN at the foot of Edelsberg, Kienberg, Breitenberg and Falkenstein. The highest point of the municipality is the peak of the Aggenstein (1986 m above sea level) on the Tyrolean border, which belongs to the Tannheim Mountains.

On the German side, neighbouring communities of Pfronten are Füssen, Eisenberg and the market of Nesselwang. In Austria, the small town of Vils and the Tannheim valley with the communities of Grän, Tannheim, Schattwald, Zöblen, Nesselwängle and Jungholz are nearby. 

The municipal territory has the districts of Bergpfronten and Steinachpfronten.
The settlements Berg, Dorf, Halden, Heitler, Kappel, Kreuzegg, Meilingen, Ösch, Rehbichel, Ried, Röfleuten, Steinach and Weißbach belong to Pfronten.

Further reading 
 Johann B. Doser: Pfronten in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart – Ein Beitr. zur Heimatkunde. Pfronten-Ried 1925
 Simone Haf, Alison Feller: Pfrontener Impressionen. Horb am Neckar 2002. 
 Ludwig Holzner: Geschichte der Gemeinde Pfronten. herausgegeben von der Gemeinde Pfronten 1956
 Anton H. Konrad, Annemarie Schröppel, Adolf Schröppel: Pfronten (Schwäbische Kunstdenkmale, 34). Weissenhorn 1986
 Pfrontener Bilderbogen 86. Pfronten 1986. 
 Annemarie Schröppel, Adolf Schröppel: Alt-Pfrontener Photoalbum. Pfronten 1984
 Annemarie Schröppel: Pfrontener Kirchen und Kapellen und ihre Pfarrer. Pfronten 2002
 Thaddäus Steiner/Bertold Pölcher/Gemeinde Pfronten (Hrsg.): Pfrontener Flurnamen. Pfronten 2010

References

Other websites

  

Ostallgäu
Rettenbach am Auerberg is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites
 www.rettenbach-am-auerberg.de/

Ostallgäu
Adi Andojo Soetjipto (11 April 1932 – 12 January 2022) was an Indonesian politician, lawyer and educator. He was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia from 1981 until his retirement in 1997. Soetjipto was nominated twice for the position by the People's Representative Council in 1979 and 1980.

Soetjipto died in Jakarta, Indonesia on 12 January 2022, at the age of 89.

References

1932 births
2022 deaths
Indonesian politicians
Indonesian academics
Lawyers
Judges
Rieden is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Ostallgäu
Rieden am Forggensee is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Jules Winslow Wright (August 21, 1933 – January 11, 2022) was an American businessman and politician. He was born in Nenana, Alaska. He was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives between 1967 until 1969. Wright was a member of the Republican Party.

Wright died on January 11, 2022 in Wasilla, Alaska at the age of 88.

References

1933 births
2022 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Alaska
Businesspeople from Alaska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Jiří Patera (10 October 1936 – 3 January 2022) was a Czech-born Canadian mathematician and academic. He taught at the Université de Montréal. He was known for his work in group theory, Lie groups, and cryptography.

Patera died in Montreal on 3 January 2022, at the age of 85.

References

1936 births
2022 deaths
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Czechoslovak academics
Canadian mathematicians
Academics of Université de Montréal
Czech writers
Writers from Montreal
Jean-Pierre Defontaine (4 February 1937 – 1 January 2022) was a French politician. He was a member of the Radical Party of the Left. He was a member of the National Assembly from 1978 to 2007. He was President of the club RC Lens from 1976 to 1979. He was born in Mametz, France. He was Mayor of Hénin-sur-Cojeul between 1983 until 1996.

Defontaine died in Hénin-sur-Cojeul on 1 January 2022, at the age of 82.

References

1937 births
2022 deaths
French mayors
Ronsberg is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Roßhaupten is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Rückholz is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Ruderatshofen is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Marina Teresa Squerciati (born April 30, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for her role in Chicago P.D. as Officer Kim Burgess. Squerciati was born in New York City. She played guest roles in The Good Wife, Damages, Blue Bloods and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit in 2010 and 2011. She also played Alessandra Steele in Gossip Girl.

Squerciati lives in Near West Side, Chicago. Her half-sister is actress Maggie Wheeler.

References

1984 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from Chicago
Schwangau is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria, Germany. The village is 4 km from Füssen and 1.5 km from Hohenschwangau.

Gallery

References 

Ostallgäu
Chicago P.D. is an American police action drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Matt Olmstead. It is part of Wolf Entertainment's Chicago franchise. The series premiered on NBC on January 8, 2014. It is about detectives and police officers who work for the Chicago Police Department.

References

2014 American television series debuts
Television series set in Chicago
Chicago (franchise)
The Chicago franchise (also called One Chicago) is a media series of American television programs created by Derek Haas, Michael Brandt and Dick Wolf. These shows broadcast on NBC. They are about public services in Chicago, Illinois. 

The Chicago franchise has had strong ratings. The shows are Chicago Fire, Chicago P.D., Chicago Med and Chicago Justice.

References
Seeg is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

Gallery

References 

Ostallgäu
Stötten is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Chicago Fire is an American drama television series created by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas with Dick Wolf as an executive producer. It is the first show of Wolf Entertainment's Chicago franchise. The series premiered on NBC on October 10, 2012.

On February 27, 2020, NBC renewed the series for its 9th, 10th, and 11th season.

References

2012 American television series debuts
Chicago (franchise)
Television series set in Chicago
Stöttwang is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Unterthingau is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Chicago Med is an American medical drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Matt Olmstead. It is the third show of Wolf Entertainment's Chicago franchise. The series premiered on NBC on November 17, 2015. Chicago Med is about the lives of emergency department doctors and nurses of the fictional Gaffney Chicago Medical Center.

On February 27, 2020, NBC renewed the series for a sixth, seventh and eighth season.

References

2015 American television series debuts
American medical television series
Chicago (franchise)
Television series set in Chicago
Untrasried is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

References 

Ostallgäu
Waal is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. The town has a municipal association with Buchloe.

References 

Ostallgäu
Chicago Justice is an American legal drama television series that aired on NBC from March 1 to May 14, 2017. The series was created by Dick Wolf and was the fourth show of the Chicago franchise. The show was about the prosecutors and investigators at the Cook County State's Attorney's Office.

On May 22, 2017, NBC canceled the series after one season, making it the first series in the Chicago franchise to end.

References

2017 American television series endings
2017 American television series debuts
Television series set in Chicago
Chicago (franchise)
Wald is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

The village Wald is in the Allgäu region. Wald belongs to the administrative community Seeg and is in Bavarian Swabia. 

Wald includes many surrounding hamlets: Barnstein, Bergers, Birngschwend, Geigers, Gemmels, houses, Herring, Hofen, Holzmanns, Kaltenbrunn, Kaufmanns, Kippach, Klosterhof, Neupolz, Öbele, Ofen, Stechele, Wetzlers, Wies, Wimberg.

Sights

Other websites 

 
  (PDF; 1,05 MB)

References 

Ostallgäu
Jason Deneen Beghe (; born March 12, 1960) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Hank Voight in the NBC TV series Chicago P.D. He starred in the 1988 George A. Romero movie Monkey Shines.

His great-grandfather was Charles S. Deneen, a two-term governor of Illinois and one-term U.S. Senator in the late 1920s.

References

1960 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
The Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte (German for: House of Bavarian History) or HdBG was established in 1983 as an rule of Bavaria, Germany and, since 1993, has had its permanent headquarters at Augsburg. On 6 October 1998 it was incorporated into the Bavarian State Ministry for Science, Research and Art (Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst). The German historian Claus Grimm was director from 1983 until 2007.

Sources 
 Ulla-Britta Vollhardt: Geschichtspolitik in Bayern. Das Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte: Idee – Debatte – Institutionalisierung. Utz, München 2003, .

Other websites 
Official website of the Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte 
Photo archive of the Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte 
Bavarias towns and villages. History - Coats of arms - Links. 
Castles in Bavaria. History - Architecture - Photographs - Plans 
Abbeys in Bavaria. History - Photographs - Writing 

History of Bavaria
Westendorf is a municipality  in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

The municipality of Westendorf, which has the villages of Dösingen and Westendorf, is in the Allgäu region, about eleven kilometres east of Kaufbeuren, in the northern part of Ostallgäu.

References

Other websites 

 
  (PDF; 1,05 MB)

Ostallgäu
Aicha vorm Wald () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Aidenbach () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Franco Cavallo (26 September 1932 – 9 January 2022) was an Italian competitive sailor. He won a bronze medal in the Star class at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City in team with Camillo Gargano. He was born in Naples, Italy.

Cavallo died in Naples on 9 January 2022, at the age of 89.

References

1932 births
2022 deaths
Italian Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Naples

Italian sailors
Aldersbach () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography

Geographic setting 

Aldersbach is in the Donau-Wald region in the Vils valley, about ten kilometers south west of Vilshofen an der Donau, 30 km west of  Passau, 25 km north of  Pfarrkirchen and 15 km south of Osterhofen. A stream, the Aldersbach (Bach = stream), flows through the town. The region surrounded by Aldersbach and Fürstenzell  is often known as Klosterwinkel (Abbey Corner).

Structure 

Aldersbach is made up of 52 communities:
Adenberg
 Aldersbach
 Am Käserberg
 Ammerreuth
 Atzenberg
 Beiglöd
 Duschlöd
 Eck
 Edelsbrunn
 Eggerting
 Freundorf
 Gainstorf
 Galgenberg
 Grüneröd
 Gumperting
 Haag
 Haidach
 Haideck
 Haidenburg
 Harreröd
 Heinrichsdorf
 Hiendlöd
 Hinteröd
 Hirt
 Holzhausen
 Holzhäuser
 Hütter
 Karglöd
 Kramersepp
 Kriestorf
 Maierhof
 Meiering
 Moos
 Neustift
 Niederöd
 Ölat
 Pörndorf
 Reit
 Reuth
 Röslöd
 Sankt Peter
 Schwaig
 Schwarzholz
 Seier
 Stocköd
 Uttigkofen
 Vogler
 Walchsing
 Weidfeld
 Weng
 Wetzstein
 Wifling

These are assigned to the sub-districts of Pörndorf, Walchsing, Aldersbach and Haidenburg.

Neighboring towns and villages (district in parentheses) 
 Johanniskirchen (Landkreis Rottal-Inn)
 Roßbach (Landkreis Rottal-Inn)
 Osterhofen (Landkreis Deggendorf)
 Künzing (Landkreis Deggendorf)
 Vilshofen an der Donau (Landkreis Passau)
 Aidenbach (Landkreis Passau)
Literature 
 Lübbers, Bernhard, Art. Aldersbach, in: Hans-Michael Körner/ Alois Schmid (Hrsg.): Handbuch der historischen Stätten, Bayern I: Altbayern und Schwaben (Kröners Taschenausgabe 324) Stuttgart 2006, S. 10–11.

References

Other websites 

 
 Schloss Haidenburg
  (PDF; 1,24 MB)

Passau (district)
Bad Füssing is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Spa towns in Germany
Bad Griesbach im Rottal (), or just Bad Griesbach, is a town in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Twin towns and cities

Bad Griesbach (Rottal) is twinned with:
  Friesach, Austria

References

Passau (district)
Spa towns in Germany
Beutelsbach () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Breitenberg is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany. It is on the border with Austria, and is the easternmost municipality of Bavaria.

References

Passau (district)
Büchlberg is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Eging am See is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Fürstenstein is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Ronald Alexander Stewart (April 13, 1927January 10, 2022) was a Canadian businessman and politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1979 to 1988. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Stewart was born in Beeton, Ontario.

Stewart died on January 10, 2022 at his home in Barrie, Ontario at the age of 94.

References

1927 births
2022 deaths
Canadian businesspeople
Politicians from Ontario
Fürstenzell () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany. Fürstenzell is the birthplace of past Bayern Munich defender Klaus Augenthaler.

References

Passau (district)
Haarbach () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Villages

References

Passau (district)
Hauzenberg () is a municipality in Passau, in Bavaria, Germany. It is  northeast of Passau.

Twin towns — sister cities
Hauzenberg is twinned with:
 Vöcklabruck, Austria
 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
 Český Krumlov, Czech Republic

References

Passau (district)
Hofkirchen is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC; ) was a centre-right political party in Canada. It existed from 1942 to 2003.

Only four members of this party became Prime Ministers of Canada (John Diefenbaker, Joe Clark, Brian Mulroney and Kim Campbell). Peter MacKay was the party's last leader.

References

Political parties in Canada
Political parties based in Ottawa‎
Hutthurm () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Carmela Corren (; February 13, 1938 – January 16, 2022) was an Israeli-Austrian singer and actress. She was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. She represented Austria at the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Vielleicht geschieht ein Wunder". An actress, she appeared in Between Shanghai and St. Pauli (1962), His Best Friend (1962) and Don't Fool with Me (1963).

Corren died on January 16, 2022 at her home in London, England at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
 Homepage of Carmela Corren (German)
 Austrian Song Contest Fanclub (German)
 Deutsche Schlagerfestspiele (German) 
 IMDB profile (English)

1938 births
2022 deaths
Israeli movie actors
Austrian movie actors
Austrian singers
Singers from Tel Aviv
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Actors from Tel Aviv
Kirchham (literally "Churcham") is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Kirchham has 27 subdivisions:

Kirchham is twinned with Churcham, England.

References

Passau (district)
Kößlarn is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Brijmohan Mishra, (4 February 1938 – 16 January 2022), popularly known as Pandit Birju Maharaj, was an Indian Kathak dancer, composer and singer. He was born in Handia, Uttar Pradesh. His career began in 1951. In 1986, he was honored with the Padma Vibhushan. He was known for his choreography for Vishwaroopam and Bajirao Mastani.

Maharaj died at a hospital in New Delhi, India from a heart attack caused by diabetes and kidney disease on 16 January 2022, aged 83.

References

1938 births
2022 deaths
Indian dancers
Indian singers
Indian composers
Indian choreographers
People from Uttar Pradesh
Malching is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Neuburg am Inn is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography

Geographical Place 
Neuburg am Inn is in the Danube-region forest high above the river Inn, which makes the border with Upper Austria. In 2006, a bridge over the Inn was opened to pedestrians and cyclists, which now connects Neuburg to the opposite edge. By Neuburg is the major road B 12, which connects it to Passau (city) 10 km further north and a further 15-kilometer link to Pocking. Just 6 km from the community is the motorway junction ‘’Passau-south’’, a link to the Autobahn 3. Also nearby is the district of Neukirchen am Inn, a frequent stop for the train from Passau to Mühldorf.

Community Structure 
The municipality has 22 Neuburg am Inn officially named districts:

There are also the municipal areas Eglsee, Neuburg a. Inn, Neukirchen am Inn and Engertsham.

Neighboring Communities 
 Fürstenzell
 Ruhstorf an der Rott
 Neuhaus am Inn

References

Passau (district)
Neuhaus is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Neukirchen vorm Wald is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Obernzell () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography

Geographical place
Obernzell is in the Donau-Wald region at the Danube River. The middle of the Danube River makes the border with Upper Austria.

Neighboring communities in Bavaria
In Bavaria (Passau district):
 Thyrnau
 Untergriesbach

In Upper Austria:
 Vichtenstein
 Esternberg

Constituent communities

The Obernzell Municipality has 21 Districts.:
Hammermühle

There are the districts of Ederlsdorf, Kellberg and Obernzell .

History

Incorporations

Once an independent municipality, Ederlsdorf was incorporated on July 1, 1972.

Population development
 1970: 3.426 Residents
 1987: 3.425 Residents
 2000: 3.790 Residents
 2011: 3.850 Residents

References

Passau (district)
Aafia Siddiqui (; born 2 March 1972) is a Pakistani neuroscientist. She was convicted of multiple felonies. She was born in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. She is serving an 86-year sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. 

She is viewed by some people in Pakistan as the "national symbol of honor". The Pakistani news media have called her trial a "farce" and very politically motivated.

References

1972 births
Living people

Pakistani Muslims
Pakistani scientists
People convicted of attempted murder
People from Karachi
Prisoners
Neuroscientists
Pakistani criminals
Kwek Leng Beng (born 1941) is a Singaporean businessman and a billionaire. Kwek Leng Beng is the executive chairman of Hong Leong Group Singapore. In 2019, his net worth to be US$3.4 billion.

Background 
Kwek Leng Beng chose to join the family business in the early 1960s after he was trained as lawyer in London.

Career 
Kwek Leng Beng went on to establish an international reputation for his leadership of the Hong Leong Group where he became the chairman, which is now a conglomerate with over 300 companies.

Personal Life 
Kwek got married to Cecilia Kok, His younger son Kingston was a private investor and a venture capitalist, his son Sherman is CDL's CEO.

Kwegotis married to Cecilia Kokitalist.

References 

1941 births
Living people
Singaporean businesspeople
Forrest Li Xiaodong (born 1977 or 1978), popularly known as Forrest Li, is a Singaporean businessman and an entrepreneur. Forrest Li is the founder of Garena and Shopee.

Early life 
Li likes football. He was grew up in the Chinese port city of Tianjin with his parents. At early stage, Li usually spend most nights playing video-games. He is the executive chairman of the Lion City Sail football club acquired by Sea in 2020.

Personal life 
Li got married. He lives in Singapore with his family.

References

1978 births
Living people
Singaporean businesspeople
Don't Fool with Me (German: Sing, aber spiel nicht mit mir) is a 1963 Austrian musical comedy movie directed by Kurt Nachmann and starring Adrian Hoven, Wera Frydtberg, Karin Heske, Paul Hörbiger, Peter Vogel, Rex Gildo, Hans Richter, Lou Van Burg, Carmela Corren, Oskar Sima.

Other websites
 

1963 comedy movies
1963 musical movies
Austrian comedy movies
Movies directed by Kurt Nachmann
Movies set in Vienna
Ortenburg () is a municipality and old market town in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography

Geographical place 
Ortenburg is in the forested area south of the Danube and north of the Rott. It is one of the main centres of population in the Lower Bavarian Upland. The majority of the municipality is in the Wolfach Valley and the Wolfach itself runs directly through Ortenburg.

The market town is 20 km west of Passau, 10 km south of Vilshofen an der Donau, 12 km northwest of Bad Griesbach and 20 km north of Pocking.

Neighbouring municipalities 
The closest municipalities are Haarbach, Beutelsbach, Vilshofen an der Donau, Fürstenzell, and Bad Griesbach im Rottal. The cities of Passau and Pocking are farther away.

Administrative division 
The municipality of Ortenburg includes 112 districts.

References

Passau (district)
Pocking (; ) is a town in Passau, in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is about 30 km south-west of Passau, close to the Austrian border.

References

Other websites
  

Passau (district)
Rotthalmünster is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Ruderting is a municipality  in Passau in Bavaria in south-east Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Ruhstorf is a municipality  in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Salzweg is a municipality  in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.  It is near the German border with Austria.

References

Passau (district)
Sonnen is a small municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the Danube forest, lower Bavarian forest and is mostly in Passau at a height of 700 to 900 meters. Sonnen is 28 km from Passau, 9 km from Hauzenberg and from the forest itself 13 km.  Sonnen borders with upper Austria which is only 8 km away.

References

Other websites
 Sonnen City Website  (German)

Passau (district)
Tettenweis is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Thyrnau is a municipality  in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Tiefenbach is a municipality  in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography 
Tiefenbach is in the Danube Forest region, in one of the southernmost foothills of the Bavarian Forest northwest of Ilz and north of Danube on Bundesstraße 85. Tiefenbach is only 9 km north of the university and three-river city Passau.

History

Incorporations 
Haselbach, Kirchberg and Tiefenbach were independent communities from 1818 to 1971/1972. On 1 January 1972 Haselbach was incorporated into Tiefenbach. The greater part of the municipality of Kirchberg was added on 1 July 1972. The rest of the municipality Kirchberg with the district Schalding on the left side of the Danube and Minihof (formerly Mimming) was incorporated into the city of Passau and there added to Hacklberg.

Population development 
 1961: 3961 Residents
 1970: 4512 Residents
 1987: 5930 Residents
 1991: 6223 Residents
 1995: 6525 Residents
 2000: 6725 Residents
 2005: 6694 Residents
 2010: 6683 Residents
 2015: 6713 Residents

References

Passau (district)
Tittling is a municipality  in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

It is home to the Bavarian Forest Museum Village.

References

Passau (district)
Untergriesbach () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography 
Untergriesbach is in the southern Bavarian Forest and extends high above the deep valley of the Danube. The height of the market town is 565 meters above sea level. Via the Bundesstraße 388 it is connected  to Passau (22 km) and in the opposite direction to the Upper Austrian Haslach (32 km).

Municipality arrangement 
Untergriesbach has 106 districts:
Bachhäusl
Berghof
Brunnreut
Dienberg
Diendorf
Dürrmühle
Eck
Eckersäg
Eckerstampf
Eckmühle
Endsfelden
Feldhäuslhäusl
Ficht
Fichtwiesen
Friedlgrub
Gammertshof
Gebrechtshof
Gebrechtsmühle
Glotzing
Gotting
Gottsdorf
Grögöd
Grub
Grunau
Habersdorf
Hamet
Hanzing
Hastorf
Haunersdorf
Herrenwies
Hinterkühberg
Hintersäg
Hitzing
Hochreut
Hochwiesl
Höhenberg
Holzhäusl
Hubing
Hundsruck
Jochenstein
Kagerreut
Kappelgarten
Kinzesberg
Knapphäusl
Knittlmühle
Kohlbachmühle
Kroding
Kronawitten
Kronawitthof
Krottenthal
Kühberg
Lämersdorf
Leizesberg
Linden
Lindlmühle
Mairau
Mittereck
Mitterreut
Nebling
Neureuth
Niederdorf
Oberöd
Oberötzdorf
Oberreut
Ochsenreut
Ornatsöd
Paulusberg
Pfaffenreut
Priel
Ramesberg
Rampersdorf
Ratzing
Rechab
Reut
Richtermühle
Riedl
Riedlerhof
Roll
Rothkreuz
Saxing
Schaibing
Schergendorf
Scherleinsöd
Schreinerhäusl
Spechting
Sperrhäusl
Steinbruck
Steinbüchl
Stollberg
Stollbergmühle
Tabakstampf
Taubing
Untergriesbach
Unteröd
Unterötzdorf
Unterreut
Vorholz
Waldfriede
Weidwies
Wesseslinden
Willersdorf
Würm
Willersdorf
Würm
Würmmühle
Zaunbrechl
Ziering
Zipf
Incorporations 
On 1 October 1971, the previously independent municipality Lambsdorf was incorporated. On 1 January 1972 Gottsdorf and Schaibing were added. Oberötzdorf followed on 1 March 1972.

References 

Passau (district)
Municipalities in Bavaria
Vilshofen an der Donau is a town in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites 

  

Passau (district)
Wegscheid is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Windorf is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Witzmannsberg is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Passau (district)
Ernsgaden is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Geisenfeld is a town in Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Ilm,  southeast of Ingolstadt.

Subdivisions

Geisenfeld has twelve districts, past independent municipalities:
Engelbrechtsmünster
Gaden including Wasenstadt and Furthof
Geisenfeld
Geisenfeldwinden
Ilmendorf including Einberg
Nötting
Parleiten including Eichelberg, Holzleiten and Scheuerhof
Rottenegg including Hornlohe, Moosmühle and Brunn
Schillwitzried including Schillwitzhausen, Schafhof and Gießübel
Untermettenbach including Obermettenbach and Ziegelstadel
Unterpindhart including Kolmhof, Untereulenthal and Obereulenthal
Zell including Ainau, Ritterswörth, Unterzell and Oberzell

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Engelbrechtsmünster is a village in Bavaria, Germany, now part of the municipality of Geisenfeld. It is near the Ilm river.

Gallery

References

Sources

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Villages in Bavaria
Rottenegg is a village in the Hallertau of Bavaria, Germany. A past separate municipality, it is now part of the municipality of Geisenfeld in Pfaffenhofen.

Place

Rottenegg is in the Danube-Isar Hills of the Lower Bavarian Upland. The village is at  above sea level.
It is  southeast of the Geisenfeld town center, and extends  in a northwest-southeast direction. 
Munich is  south of the village.

Gallery

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Villages in Bavaria
Gerolsbach is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Hettenshausen is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Hohenwart is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Ilmmünster is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Jetzendorf is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Manching is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Paar, 7 km southeast of Ingolstadt.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Münchsmünster is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

Gallery

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm is a municipality  in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the district Pfaffenhofen. It is on the river Ilm.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Pörnbach is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Reichertshausen is a municipality  in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany and is near the A9 and between Munich and Ingolstadt.

Geography 

The Bundesstrasse 13 (B13) runs through Reichertshausen. Also the river Ilm, which gives the valley (Ilmtal) its name and is a tributary to the Abens, runs through the town.

Districts 

 Bärnhausen
 Grafing
 Gründholm
 Gurnöbach
 Haunstetten
 Kreut
 Langwaid
 Lausham
 Salmading
 Oberpaindorf
 Paindorf
 Pischelsdorf
 Steinkirchen

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Reichertshofen is a market town and municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

Personalities 

 Johann Andreas Schmeller (1785-1852), Germanist and linguist; spent the childhood and youth in Rinnberg near Rohrbach.
 Raymond Wilson (born 1928), physicist, honorary citizen of Rohrbach
 Roman Inderst (born 1970), economist

Related pages
Rohr, Pfaffenhofen

References

Other websites 
 

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Rohr is a small village in Rohrbach in Pfaffenhofen in Upper Bavaria in Bavaria, Germany.

Other websites 
 Rohrbach municipality

Villages in Bavaria
Scheyern is a municipality  in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany. The Scheyern Abbey is in Scheyern.

The village of Fernhag is outside the town.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
LTO tapes are read and written to with a tape drive. This is typically connected to a computer using serial attached SCSI, although some tape drives use Fibre Channel. LTO drives are very expensive, but the tapes are much cheaper than an equivalent-sized hard drive or optical disc. Unlike many other tape formats, LTO cartridges contain only a single reel of tape. The other reel is inside the drive. This means that the tape must be rewound before it can be removed from the drive. This makes the cartridge smaller because it does not need to contain an empty reel. It also makes the drives more expensive because they must contain a mechanically complex mechanism to pull the tape out of the cartridge and thread it onto the takeup reel. Unlike most other tape drives, LTO drives do not have a rotating head drum, and do not use helical scan. The head writes tracks in a straight line, like a reel-to-reel audio recorder. This is where the name comes from
. The head can, however, move up and down to write multiple tracks to the tape. This is similar to the way an 8 track tape works, although since the head is much smaller, an LTO tape can have hundreds or thousands of tracks (up to 8960 tracks for LTO-9). This allows many terabytes of data (up to 18 TB for LTO-9) to be stored on a single tape.
LTO tapes have an expected lifespan of about 30 years, which is longer than hard drives (5-10 years), but not as long as the best gold-plated optical discs (100-1000 years). LTO drives are only backward-compatible by two generations, whereas the latest Blu-ray drives can read the oldest CDs from the 1980s, making optical media a better solution for very long-term archival. LTO tapes should be stored at 15-25ºC and away from sources of magnetic fields, such as TVs and computer monitors, loudspeakers, or motors.

Magnetic tape
Schweitenkirchen is a municipality  in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Vohburg is a town in Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the right edge of the Danube, 14 km east of Ingolstadt.

References

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Wolnzach (, locally ) is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria, Germany.

Twin towns and cities 
Wolnzach is twinned with Poperinge in Belgium since 1965.

References

Other websites 

 German Hops Museum, Wolnzach

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Achslach () is a municipality in Regen in Bavaria in Germany.

Population development
 1840: 956 
 1900: 955 
 1939: 965 
 1950: 1180 
 1970: 1024 
 1991: 1241 
 2005: 1080 
 2015: 902

References

Regen (district)
Khalas is a Palestinian Israeli-Arab rock band, started in 1999. The name of the band means "enough" in Arabic.

In 2013, the band started on a tour across Europe along with Israeli band Orphaned Land, an event which was reported on by Western media outlets such as The Guardian and CNN.

Albums 

 Ma Adesh Feeha (We've Had It) (2003) 
 Arabic Rock Orchestra (2013) 
 The Peace Series Vol. 1 (2021)  – Split EP with Orphaned Land

References

Other websites 

 Khalas – Official website (No Longer Available)

Palestinian culture
Johnny Tiger is a 1966 American western movie directed by Paul Wendkos and was based on the story by R. John Hugh. It stars Robert Taylor, Geraldine Brooks, Chad Everett, Brenda Scott, Marc Lawrence, Ford Rainey and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites

1966 movies
1960s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies directed by Paul Wendkos
Universal Pictures movies
Movies set in Florida