Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Roland Dumas (born 23 August 1922 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne) is a French lawyer and Socialist politician. He served as the Foreign Minister under President François Mitterrand from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1993. He was also President of the Constitutional Council from 1995 to 1999.

References

Other websites

1922 births
Living people
Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine‎
French lawyers
Alumni of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris
People from Limoges
Warren Mitchell (born Warren Misell; 14 January 1926 – 14 November 2015) was a British actor. He was a BAFTA TV Award winner and twice an Olivier Award winner. He was known for his role as Alf Garnett in the BBC television sitcom Till Death Us Do Part (1965–75).

Mitchell died, in the early hours of 14 November 2015, after long period of illness, aged 89.  
He is survived by his wife Connie and their three children: Rebecca, Daniel (also an actor) and Anna (also known as Georgia Mitchell).

References

Other websites

Screenonline: Warren Mitchell
TimeOut: Warren Mitchell 

1926 births
2015 deaths
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Oxford
BAFTA Award winning actors
Naturalised citizens of Australia
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Eagles of Death Metal is an American rock band from Palm Desert, California.

Career
The band released their debut studio album, Peace, Love, Death Metal on March 23, 2004 through AntAcidAudio. The song "I Only Want You" was featured in the 2004 racing game Gran Turismo 4, the television series Queer as Folk, an advertisement for Windows 8, and was a downloadable song for the Rock Band series.

Their second studio album Death by Sexy was released on April 11, 2006 in the United States and on July 3, 2006 in Europe through Downtown Records and Columbia Records. In the fall of 2006, they shared an opening support slot with Guns N' Roses, but it only lasted one show. Axl Rose of Guns N' Roses called the band "Pigeons of Shit Metal" from the stage that night and Eagles of Death Metal used the phrase on a T-shirt.
The band performed a live concert for the launch of the 2008 video game Midnight Club: Los Angeles at the Hollywood & Highland Virgin Megastore in Los Angeles. The band's third studio album Heart On was released on October 28, 2008.

Their fourth studio album Zipper Down was released on October 2, 2015. The album's first single "Complexity" was made available to stream on Pitchfork Media's website.

On November 13, 2015, the band performed a concert for a sell-out crowd of 1,500 people at Le Bataclan theatre in Paris. During the concert, four gunmen with AK-47 assault rifles entered the theatre. They opened fire and threw explosives into the crowd. The attack lasted about 20 minutes. They killed 87 people in the theatre. Four of the attackers died, three of them by blowing up their suicide vests. The fourth killed by police gunfire, and his vest blew up when he fell. Lead singer Jesse Hughes was able to escape the attack through the backstage and the rest of the band survived.

Discography
Discography

Studio albums
Peace, Love, Death Metal (2004)
Death by Sexy (2006)
Heart On (2008)
Zipper Down (2015)

References

Other websites

1998 establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical duos
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups from California
A Wildflower is a flower that grows in the wild. Wildflowers aren't naturally planted by nature or by humans, but grow in the wild. Wildflowers are native and exotic species. Some species of wildflowers are endangered.

Other websites 

Flowers
A schnauzer is a type of dog breed that originated in Germany in about the 14th century. The Standard Schnauzer is the oldest of the three Schnauzer varieties: Miniature, Standard, and Giant. All three varieties have the distinctive whiskers, mustache and eyebrows, which is where they take their name from as in German schnauzer means moustache.

History 
The Standard Schnauzer is the prototype from which the other two were bred. From the middle ages on they guarded the livestock and family members. They are descended from European herding and guard dogs. As a distinctive breed, they appear in pictures of the 14th and 15th centuries. As far as can be determined they were bred from the Gray Wolf Spitz, the German poodle (pudel) and the Wirehaired Pinscher. About the middle of the 19th century German dog enthusiasts took an interest in the Schnauzer. Dog breeders experimented by crossing them with other breeds. First the Miniature Schnauzer was developed, then the Giant Schnauzer.
Three varieties 
 A Miniature Schnauzer is an energetic and sturdy little dog. Miniature Schnauzers are also very intelligent dogs. They stand between  tall at the shoulder. They normally weigh between . The normal colors are salt and pepper (a mix of off-white, gray and black), all black, and black and silver. They resemble the Standard Schnauzer from which they were bred. They were first shown as early as 1889.

 The Standard Schnauzer is the original breed of Schnauzer. German farmers in  kept them as hunting dogs, rat catchers and watchdogs. They are a medium-sized dog with a hard, wire-like coat. It is a strong and very quick dog for its size. It is able to cover distances easily. Like all Schnauzers they have the same whiskers, eyebrows and mustache. They stand between  tall at the shoulder. Standard Schnauzers normally weigh between . The colors are usually salt and pepper or solid black.
The Giant Schnauzer resembles the Standard Schnauzer, only they are bigger and stronger. They are very muscular dogs. They stand as much as  tall at the shoulder. They can weigh about . The double coat is either solid black or “pepper and salt.” Much the same as their two smaller cousins they have the distinctive whiskers, eyebrows and mustache. The breed was developed in the areas around Württemberg and Bavaria as a farm dog. They were used to drive livestock to market. During World War I they were used as military guard dogs and as police dogs. They still work with police today and also as Search and rescue dogs. They are also popular as guard dogs.

References

Other websites 

The Three Varieties of the Schnauzer Dog Breed
The Behavioral Differences Between a Miniature, Standard & Giant Schnauzer

Dog breeds originating in Germany
Chelsea is a well-known area in London. It was a borough, but now it is in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

It is an area where the property values are very high, and the shops and facilities cater to wealthy people. It is the home of Sloane Square, the King's Road and Chelsea F.C. It was the centre of Swinging London in the 1960s, and is still a centre of the fashion trade. Sloane Street is one of London's premier shopping destinations, with high-end fashion or jewellery boutiques such as Cartier, Tiffany & Co., Dolce & Gabbana, Prada, Gucci, Harrods, Dior, Louis Vuitton, Jimmy Choo, Giorgio Armani, Yves Saint Laurent, Chanel, Valentino, Bvlgari, Gianni Versace and Graff.

References 

Chelsea, London
Harrods is an upmarket department store on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London. The Harrods brand also applies to Harrods enterprises, including Harrods Bank, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods.

The store has a  site. It has 330 departments covering one million square feet () of retail space. It is said to be the biggest department store in Europe.

Harrods was founded by Charles Henry Harrod in 1834. In the 20th century they bought other stores in the UK. In 1959, the British department store holding company, House of Fraser, bought Harrods. Later, in 1985, the Egyptian Mohamed Al-Fayed bought Harrods. In 2010, the store was sold to Qatar Investment Authority (QIA). This company invests the wealth of the Qatar royal family. Harrods is also known for their annual Christmas bears which are very popular.
1834 establishments in Europe
Department stores
Buildings and structures in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
1830s establishments in England
Odo, Earl of Kent (ca 1030 – 1097) and Bishop of Bayeux, was the half-brother of William the Conqueror. For a time he was second in power after William became King of England.

Career

Early life 
Odo was born about 1030. He was the son of William the Conqueror's mother Herleva and Herluin de Conteville. Count Robert of Mortain was his younger brother.
Norman Conquest and after 
Although he was an ordained Christian cleric, he is best known as a warrior and greedy nobleman. He provided 100 ships for his brother's invasion of England. Odo is one of the very few proven companions of William the Conqueror, known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. He probably commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry. In 1067, Odo became the Earl of Kent. For several years he was a trusted royal minister. On some occasions when William was absent (back in Normandy), he served as the de facto regent of England. At times he led the royal forces against rebellions. There are also other occasions when he accompanied William back to Normandy. During this time Odo acquired vast estates in England. He held land in twenty-three counties, mainly in the southeast and in East Anglia.
Character 
As the Earl of Kent he became infamous for being greedy, ruthless and a tyrant. Odo obtained a large fortune in land and gold by plundering the landowners of Kent. One chronicler, Thomas of Marlborough, called him a "ravening wolf". Orderic Vitalis, writing nearly a century after Odo's death, he showed him to be a very complex man. On the one hand Odo had great ambition. He was the perfect example of Norman oppression on a conquered England. Yet he was deeply religious and contributed to the ecclesiastical growth of England. Orderic wrote of him:

Fall from grace 
In 1076 Odo was placed on trial. He was accused of defrauding the Crown and the Diocese of Canterbury. At the conclusion of the trial he was forced to return a number of properties he had taken. Most of his wealth was redistributed.
In 1082, he was suddenly disgraced and put in prison. This time it was for having planned a military expedition to Italy. He wanted to crown himself the Pope. His brother, the king, disapproved of the plan and put a stop to it. Odo spent the next five years in prison in Rouen. His English estates were taken back by the king, as was his office as Earl of Kent. He was allowed to remain the Bishop of Bayeux, however. Odo was released from prison after William died. In 1096 Odo set off on the First Crusade with his nephew, Robert Curthose. He died in Palermo while wintering there in early 1097. He was buried in the Cathedral there.

References 

1030s births
1097 deaths
Crusaders
Earls and countesses
Normans
French Roman Catholic bishops
Cortisone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone. Its chemical name is 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone. It is one of the main hormones released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. 

In chemical structure, it is closely related to cortisol. It is used to treat a variety of ailments and can be administered in various ways. Cortisone suppresses the immune system. This reduces inflammation, pain and swelling at the site of the injury. Long-term use of cortisone has risks.

Tadeus Reichstein, E.C. Kendall and P.S. Hench were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for their discovery of cortisone.

References 

Steroid hormones
Seux is a French commune in Picardy. In 2012, 167 people lived there. The commune is stuated on a plateau, about  from Amiens. It is known for its church, Saint Fiacre, which was built in the 18th century. Robert de Louvencourt (1880-1952), which was in the French legion d'honneur, was born in Seux.

Communes in Somme
The Scottish Terrier is one of the five breeds of terrier that originated in Scotland. It is also known as Aberdeen Terrier. The other four breeds of terrier from Scotland are Skye, Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, and West Highland White Terrier. Originally scottish terriers were  used for hunting, but because of their small size, they are often kept as pets. 

Terriers
FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in Scotland
Eicosanoids (or icosanoids) are hormones made of lipids. They are signaling molecules made by the oxidation of 20-carbon fatty acids.

They have control over many bodily systems. They influence growth during and after physical activity, inflammation or immunity after the intake of toxic compounds and pathogens. They are also messengers in the central nervous system.

The networks of controls that depend upon eicosanoids are among the most complex in the human body.

References 

Hormones
Vincent Roy Margera (July 3, 1956 – November 15, 2015), more commonly known as Don Vito, was an American reality television personality. He was known for his appearances in Viva La Bam, Jackass, Haggard and the CKY videos alongside his nephew Bam.

Child sexual abuse conviction
His career was ended with his conviction for child sexual abuse in 2006. He was found groping two 12-year-old girls at an autograph signing and was subsequently held with bail set at $50,000. On October 31, he was found guilty of two counts of sexual assault on a minor and acquitted on one count. On November 1, 2007, he was put on suicide watch. He was held at the Jefferson County Detention Facility until his sentencing on December 20, 2007. He faced between two years to life in prison. He was sentenced to 10 years probation.

Death
Margera died on November 15, 2015, from kidney and liver failure in West Chester, Pennsylvania at the age of 59.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

1956 births
2015 deaths
American sex offenders
American television personalities
Child sexual abusers
Criminals from Pennsylvania
Entertainers from Pennsylvania
People acquitted of sex crimes
Moira Orfei (; 21 December 1931 – 15 November 2015), a.k.a. Miranda Orfei, was a popular Italian actress and television personality. Moira was considered the queen of the Italian circus. She was also an actress who was known for her role as Giorgia Casellato in The Birds, the Bees and the Italians.

On 4 August 2006 Moira Orfei had an Ischemic stroke during a show in Gioiosa Ionica. She was still under medical care when she died on 15 November 2015 in Brescia, Italy from complications of the stroke, aged 83.

References

Other websites
 
 

1931 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Italian movie actors
People from Friuli Venezia-Giulia
Gastone Moschin (8 June 1929 – 4 September 2017) was an Italian actor. He was born in San Giovanni Lupatoto (Veneto).

Moschin began his career in the 1950s as theatre actor. He starred with Barbara Bouchet in Milano Calibro 9 in 1972. His most famous role is that of Rambaldo Melandri in the Amici miei series (1975–1985). He also had a part in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Part II, as Don Fanucci.

Moschin died of kidney failure on 4 September 2017 at his home in Terni, Italy at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Italian movie actors
People from Veneto
Marco Vicario (born 20 September 1925) is an Italian movie actor, screenwriter, movie producer and director. He appeared in 23 movies between 1950 and 1958. He is known for his roles in 7 uomini d'oro (1965), Il grande colpo dei 7 uomini d'oro (1966) and Wifemistress (1977).

Other websites

1925 births
Living people
Italian movie actors
Italian movie directors
Italian movie producers
Italian screenwriters
Actors from Rome
Heber Hugo Carámbula, (31 October 1945 – 14 November 2015), also known under the stage name of Berugo Carámbula, was a Uruguayan actor, comedian and TV host. He was born in Las Piedras in 1945. He was known for his role in the Argentine telenovela Son Amores from which he starred in from 2002 through 2003.

Carámbula died in Montevideo, Uruguay from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 70.

references

Other websites
Berugo Carámbula en cinenacional (Spanish) 
Berugo Carámbula (Spanish) 
Un único: Berugo Carámbula recordado en Buenos Aires (Spanish)

1945 births
2015 deaths
Uruguayan actors
Movie actors
Television actors
Comedians
Bernard King (born December 4, 1956) is an American retired basketball player. He played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

King was picked in the 1st round of the 1977 NBA Draft. He played with the New Jersey Nets, Utah Jazz, Golden State Warriors, New York Knicks and the Washington Bullets.

He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on September 8, 2013.

References

1956 births
African-American basketball players
New York Knicks players
New Jersey Nets players
Utah Jazz players
Golden State Warriors players
Washington Bullets players
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
Living people
American basketball players
The A Division is a division in the New York City Subway. It is made of IRT-operated services. Services in the A Division are given numbers, as opposed to Services in the B Division which are given letters.

References
"Hello" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Adele. It is from her third studio album, 25.  It was released on 23 October 2015.  The song was Adele's first since the Bond theme "Skyfall" in 2012.  The song reached number one in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States. In the US, it first appeared at the top of the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Adele's fourth chart-topper there and spending ten weeks on top of the chart.  It sold over 1,112,000 copies in its first week.  This is the most copies of a song sold in a single week in the U.S. since the release of Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997".  "Hello" was certified 4× Platinum in the U.S. faster than any other song in history.  On September 20, 2016, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the song 7× Platinum for sales and streams equal to 7 million copies in the United States.
The song finished at number 35 on the Year-End Billboard Hot 100 of 2015 and at #7 on the 2016 chart.  Similarly, the song ranked at number 25 on the Canadian 2015 year-end chart and at number 9 at the end of 2016.

"Hello" won three awards at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017: Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Pop Solo Performance.

Background
The song was first featured in a 30-second TV commercial for The X Factor in the UK.   She has stated that the lyrics of the song can be applied to anyone with whom one has a history — romantically or otherwise.  In an interview with i-D, she explains:
Music video
The music video was shot in Canada. It was shot in sepia.  It shows Adele having a conversation on a flip phone when she suddenly loses reception.  Her feelings towards a man are throughout the video.  It broke the Vevo record for most views in a single day, with over 27.7 million views.  This record was later broken in 2017 with Taylor Swift's music video for "Look What You Made Me Do".  In January 2016, the music video for the song reached over one billion views on YouTube. It did this in less time (88 days) than other videos. That was faster than the music video for Psy's 2012 single "Gangnam Style".
Live performances
Adele performed "Hello" live for the first time for a BBC one-hour-long special, Adele at the BBC, which was recorded on 2 November and was broadcast on BBC One on 20 November. She also performed the song at the 17th NRJ Music Awards on 7 November 2015, at Radio City Music Hall in New York on 17 November 2015 as her opening number (Adele Live In New York City), and on Saturday Night Live on 21 November 2015. On 23 November 2015, after appearing on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Adele recorded the song with Fallon and his house band The Roots, playing classroom instruments. The version was broadcast on the show the following night. In December 2015, Adele performed "Hello" on the live final episode of The X Factor at Wembley Arena.

Awards 
2017 — 59th Annual Grammy Awards
 Song of the Year — Won
 Record of the Year — Won
 Best Pop Solo Performance — Won
Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded at: Metropolis Studios in London, United Kingdom; mixed at Capitol Studio Los Angeles California and Electric Lady Studios, New York, New York.

Personnel

Vocals, drums - Adele Adkins
Songwriting - Adele Adkins, Greg Kurstin
Production, piano, keyboard, bass, drums, guitar, engineering, electronic keyboard - Greg Kurstin
Mixing - Tom Elmhirst
Engineering - Alex Pasco, Greg Kurstin, Julian Burg, Liam Nolan
Mastering - Randy Merrill, Tom Coyme
All instruments played by - Greg Kurstin, Adele Adkins
Additional Instruments - Emile Haynie

Source:

References

2015 songs
2010s ballads
Adele songs
Soul ballads
Black garlic is a type of food which is made by heating whole bulbs of garlic over the course of several weeks. It was first used as a food ingredient in Asian cuisine. The taste is sweet and syrupy with hints of balsamic vinegar or tamarind. 
Black garlic's popularity has spread to the United States because it has become a sought-after ingredient used in high-end cuisine. The ornamental plant Allium nigrum is commonly called black garlic.

Sources

Allium
Herbs
Wikimapia is a geographic online encyclopedia project. It utilizes an interactive "clickable" web map with a geographically-referenced wiki-based system. Its aim is to mark and describe all geographical objects in the world. Wikimapia was created by Alexandre Koriakine and Evgeniy Saveliev on May 2006.

Other websites
Wikimapia website

Free content
Encyclopedia websites
Orbital resonance is a resonance of two orbiting bodies exerting a regular, periodic gravitational effect on each other. Their orbital periods may be related by a ratio of two small integers. It is caused by the changing gravitational forces of bodies which go round each other. The stability of the Solar System was first investigated by Laplace, and there is still much that is not known about it.

As a satellite goes round a planet or two stars go round each other, the gravitational forces can change, sometimes hugely. This is partly because orbits are usually ellipses, not circular, and so the forces change accordingly. Also, the planets and stars are usually not spherical. They spin, and vary in their degree of oblateness. This also changes the forces on an orbiting body.
In particular, the forces may be unstable, so the smaller partner may change until the forces are stable (do not change with time). Satellites often end up with one face towards their planet, because that is the most stable position (tidal locking).

There are other stability effects. Gaps in Saturn's rings are caused by the particles shifting into more stable positions. In the rings of Saturn, the Cassini Division is a gap between the inner B Ring and the outer A Ring. It was cleared by a 2:1 resonance with the moon Mimas. Jupiter makes similar Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt.

There is a stability ratio for Neptune and Pluto: the 2:3 ratio means Pluto completes two orbits in the time it takes Neptune to complete three.

The area of mechanics which is used for these studies is called celestial mechanics.

References 

Solar System
Orbits
Agoura Hills, California is a city of Los Angeles County, California.

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
1982 establishments in California
The New Zealand national men's rugby union team, officially nicknamed the All Blacks, represents New Zealand in men's rugby union. This is regarded as the country's national sport. 

The All Blacks are the holders of the Rugby World Cup, since 2011. They are the 2014 World Rugby Team of the Year. They have won over 76% of their test matches and are the leading test match points scorers of all time. Their win ratio puts them amongst the most successful teams of any sport in history. They are the only international side with a winning record against every country they have played. Since their international debut in 1903 only five nations have defeated New Zealand in test matches. 

Since the introduction of the World Rugby Rankings in October 2003, New Zealand has held the number one ranking longer than all other teams combined.
The All Blacks are also the first team to set their hands on the Webb Ellis Cup. They are the first team to successfully defend the Rugby World Cup. They were the first team to win back to back Rugby World Cups and the first team to win the cup on 3 separate occasions.

Rivals
New Zealand competes with Argentina, Australia and South Africa in The Rugby Championship. The All Blacks have won the trophy thirteen times in the competition's nineteen-year history. They also hold the Bledisloe Cup, which is contested annually with Australia. They hold the Freedom Cup, contested annually with South Africa. New Zealand has achieved a Grand Slam (defeating England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales in one tour) four times1978, 2005, 2008 and 2010.
Awards
They have also been named the "World Rugby Team of the Year" seven times since 2005. Four members have won the "World Rugby Player of the Year" awardcurrent captain Richie McCaw, Dan Carter, Kieran Read, and Brodie Retallick. Fifteen former All Blacks have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame. Four of these are also inductees of the World Rugby Hall of Fame.

History
The team's first match was in 1884. Their first international match was in 1903 against Australia in Sydney. The following year they hosted their first ever home Test, a match against a British Isles side in Wellington. This was followed by a tour of Europe and North America in 1905 where the team suffered their first test defeatto Wales in Cardiff.

Notes

References 

National rugby union teams
National sports teams of New Zealand
Eamon Doyle (born September 19, 1983), professionally known as Eamon, is an American R&B singer-songwriter and harmonicist. He is known for his hit single, "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)".

Early years
Eamon was born Eamon Jonathan Doyle in Staten Island, New York City. His mother Diane was a nurse and his father Walter Doyle was a counselor.

He began singing at age nine and started to perform and tour with his father's group a R&B group called "The Elations". When he was 15 he began to work with songwriter and producer, Milk Dee, who had worked with many hip hop and R&B artists such as MC Lyte, Janet Jackson and Mary J. Blige.
Relationship with Frankee
After Eamon had released his debut single "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)", a female R&B singer from Staten Island called Frankee released her debut single which was an answer back to "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)". She claimed that they were in a relationship. Eamon claimed in an interview that they were not in relationship and that he didn't know who she was. He was only involved with her song because it sampled his. Eamon was asked for the licensing permission which made him one of her song's songwriters.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

References

Other websites

 
 

1984 births
Living people
American hip hop musicians
American R&B singers
Musicians from Staten Island
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Derogation (Latin derogatio) is the relaxation or exemption from of a rule of law. This is as opposed to a repeal or ending of a law.  The term is used in both civil law and common law.  It is sometimes used, loosely, to mean abrogation. For example in the legal maxim: Lex posterior derogat priori which means a more recent law may overrule an earlier law. Derogation is different from dispensation (an exception to a law) in that it applies to the law. A dispensation applies to specific people who are affected by the law.

In terms of European Union legislation, a derogation can also imply that a member state delays putting into effect a part of an European Union regulation (etc.) into their own legal system. This can be for a period of time such as five years. Or that a member state has decided not to enforce a specific provision in a treaty due to internal circumstances (typically a state of emergency).

Related pages 
 Repeal
 Implied repeal
 Canon law

References
References

Other websites 
 Catholic Encyclopedia Derogation

Law
Legal terms
A repeal is the removal or reversal of a law. There are two basic types of repeal. A repeal with re-enactment (or replacement) of the repealed law, or a repeal without replacement.  The move to rescind, repeal, or annul is used in parliamentary procedure to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly. Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Under the common law of England and Wales, the effect of repealing a statute was "to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed." This, however, is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978.

Partial or full repeals
A partial repeal occurs when a specified part or provision of a previous act is repealed but other provisions remain in force. For example, the Acts of Union 1800, providing for the union between the formerly separate kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom, was partially repealed in 1922. This was when (as a consequence of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty), twenty-six of the thirty-two counties of Ireland were constituted as the Irish Free State, and ceased to be part of the United Kingdom.

A full repeal occurs where the entire Act in question is repealed.

Repeal with or without re-enactment

A typical situation where an Act is repealed and re-enacted is where the law in the area is being updated but the law being repealed needs to be replaced with one suitable for the modern era.  Re-enactment can be with or without amendment. However, repeal and re-enactment without amendment normally occurs only in the context of a Consolidation Bill (a bill to consolidate the law in a particular area).
A repeal without replacement is generally done when a law is no longer effective, or it is shown that a law is having far more negative consequences than were originally envisioned. Many repeals without replacement are the result of significant changes in society.  Major examples include:
the old Jim Crow laws or blue laws in the US
The Corn Laws in England, repealed in 1846 after a passionate campaign.
Repeal of Prohibition in the United States. Enacted by the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, it proved to be so ineffective that it had to be repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment. This is the only constitutional amendment to be repealed in the U.S.
The massive Statute Law Revision Act 2007 in the Republic of Ireland, through which 3,225 Acts were repealed, dating back over eight centuries to 1171 and the earliest laws enacted by England when it began its invasion of Ireland. The statutes repealed include a number of Acts of significant historical interest, including an Act of 1542 providing that the Kings of England shall be Kings of Ireland. This Act is the largest single repealing statute in the history of Ireland.
Don't ask, don't tell was a policy of the US military signed into law by president Bill Clinton in 1993. Service members could not be asked their sexual orientation. They were also not allowed to discuss the subject among themselves. Congress passed a law in 2010 to repeal the policy.
References 

Law
Legal terms
Rudy Markussen (born July 24, 1977 in Copenhagen) is a retired Danish professional boxer. 

His nickname is The Hard Hitter. On November 16, 2002 Markussen was the number 1 challenger for the IBF Super Middleweight World title. He lost to Sven Ottke. On October 24, 2003 he won the WBO title against American James Crawford. Then on July 24, 2004 he won the EBU (European) Super Middleweight title. He beat Danilo Häussler by a 12 round unanimous decision.

In 2006 Markussen was in a car accident. He was unable to box for several years. Markussen made a comeback in 2010 and had 6 fights in the years 2010-2012. His last fight was December 12, 2015 against fellow Dane Patrick Nielsen.

References

Danish boxers
Sportspeople from Copenhagen
1977 births
Living people
Cumberland is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,169.

References

Towns in Indiana
Willie Howard Mays Jr. (born May 6, 1931), nicknamed "The Say Hey Kid" is a retired American Major League Baseball (MLB) center fielder. He spent almost all of his 22 season career playing for the New York and San Francisco Giants before finishing with the New York Mets. His career began in 1951 and he retired in 1973.

Mays was born in Westfield, Alabama, near Bessemer, Alabama.

Other websites

Willie Mays article, Encyclopedia of Alabama 
May 1951: Minneapolis Tribune account of Mays' first home game as a Minneapolis Miller
Willie Mays: Say Hey!  – slideshow by Life magazine

1931 births
African-American baseball players
American military personnel of the Korean War
Living people
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
National League All-Stars
New York Giants (NL) players
New York Mets players
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
San Francisco Giants players
Sportspeople from Alabama
People from Atherton, California
Sportspeople from California
Military people from Alabama
Sharnbrook Upper School is an affiliated school in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. It is in the village of Sharnbrook. It has about 2,500 students. The students range in age from 13 to 18 years of age. The school is very popular and has a waiting list for students. Some parents move into the Sharnbrook area to guarantee their children will get a place at the school. In 2015, 99% of Sharnbrook students passed their level 3 exams. The school is rated in the top 10% of schools in England "for student progress and attainment".

References 

Schools in England
Marie Jean Pierre Flourens (13 April 1794 – 6 December 1867) proved that the effects of "the mind" were caused by the brain, not the heart.

He was a French physiologist, the founder of experimental brain science and a pioneer in anesthesia. He use brain surgery on animals, and studied their effects. His kind of surgery is called "ablative surgery": in most cases ablative brain surgery does not mean removing brain tissue, but rather destroying tissue and leaving it in place.

In 1825, Flourens pioneered the experimental method of ablating parts of the brain in living rabbits and pigeons. He carefully observed their effects. His intention was to find out whether different parts of the brain had different functions.
Flourens was able to show for the first time that the main parts of the brain were responsible for largely different functions. By removing the cerebral hemispheres, for instance, all perceptions, voluntary action, and judgment were abolished. The removal of the cerebellum affected the animal's equilibrium and motor coordination, while the destruction of the brainstem (medulla oblongata) caused death. These experiments led Flourens to conclude that:
 the cerebral hemispheres are responsible for higher cognitive functions,
 the cerebellum regulates and integrates movements,
 that the medulla controls vital functions, such as circulation, respiration and general bodily stability.

References 

1794 births
1867 deaths
French neuroscientists
Members of the Académie française
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Physiologists
History
The first practical packaged terminal air conditioner was invented by engineers at Chrysler Motors.

Sources

Engineering
HVAC
Phoenix, Edison, New Jersey is a neighborhood of Edison, New Jersey.

References

Neighborhoods in the United States
Settlements in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Lincoln Park, New Brunswick, New Jersey is a neighborhood of New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Neighborhoods in the United States
Settlements in New Jersey
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Primary legislations 
In parliamentary systems, of three branches of government—executive, legislative and judicial—the legislative branch is the most powerful. In other forms of government, such as democracy for example, the three branches of government are equal in power. When a parliament makes a law, called an act, it is binding on the other two branches of government. Acts are made by a majority vote of the legislature. The exact process differs in different parliamentary systems. In a bicameral (two-chamber) system there is usually a lower house (such as the House of Commons in the UK) and an upper house (such as the House of Lords). A new law starts out as a bill, usually in the lower house. It must pass both houses before it can become an act. Other systems use a unicameral or one-chamber legislation. In either system, an act becomes the law. Judges and the courts have almost no authority to challenge the validity of a law.
In the United States, primary legislation is, at the federal level, an Act of Congress. A statute that delegates authority or responsibility to an agency is called an authorizing statute. A law created by the executive branch of the United States Government or that of a state government as the result of primary legislation is called a regulatory law.

Secondary legislation 
Secondary (also called subordinate) legislation is all other forms of legislation that are not Acts of Parliament. It is very similar to administrative law in the United States. The legislative branch of governments often delegates power to allow ministers to make secondary legislation. Secondary legislation also includes directives, regulations and decisions by commissions or councils. Most Acts of Parliament in the UK contain provisions to allow secondary legislation.
The two types of secondary legislation are delegated legislation and prerogative legislation.
 Delegated legislation allows other branches of a government to make changes to a law as they become necessary. There is no need to start a new bill in a parliament.
 Prerogative legislation are those powers given to certain officials to create laws, rules or regulations.

References 

Legislation
A statute is a written law passed by a state or federal legislature that creates a rule or regulation. Statutes (also called legal codes) provide the authority for other laws. Many state and federal agencies, such as the IRS, EPA and state Secretaries of State may issue regulations for the areas of the law they cover. A statute usually commands something, prohibits something or declares something to be policy. When there is a dispute over the meaning of a statute, a state or federal court may issue a judgment that interprets the statute more clearly. When this happens it also becomes case law.

Before a statute becomes law in some countries, it must be agreed upon by the highest executive in the government. Then it is published as part of a legal code. In many countries, statutes are organized (or codified) for a particular jurisdiction. In many nations statutory law is distinguished from and is subordinate to constitutional law.

References 

Legislation
Androula Christofidou Henriques (born 1936) is an activist from Cyprus. In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

Henriques started "Cyprus Stop Trafficking", a group to fight human trafficking. She became the president of the group. She also worked to get the government of Cyprus to stop human trafficking.

In 2008, Cyprus Stop Trafficking had a conference in Cyprus to help stop human trafficking.  There were speakers from the United States and the European Union.  There were also people from the National Police, the House of Representatives, the Attorney General's Office, the Turkish-Cypriot community, several NGOs, and many journalists.

Awards 

 She received an International Women of Courage Award in 2010.

 In 2012, she received the rank of Commander in the National Order of Merit from Jean-Luc Florentby, France's ambassador to Cyprus.

Other websites
Other websites 

 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References  

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Political activists
Living people
1936 births
Cypriot people
Solange Pierre or Sonia Pierre, (1963 – December 4, 2011), was a human rights activist in the Dominican Republic.  She worked to end antihaitianismo, which is discrimination against people of Haitian origin either born in Haiti or in the Dominican Republic. For this work, she won the 2006 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award.

In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

Life 

Pierre was born in Villa Altagracia, San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic, in 1963.  Her parents were from Haiti.   Her mother came to the Dominican Republic in 1957 with a temporary work permit.  Her father came to the Dominican territory illegally).

There were twelve  children in Pierre's family The family lived in a migrant worker camp.  The name of the camp is batey.  Many people from Haiti live here. Pierre's birth certificate said her name was Solain Pie.  Pierre said that was a mistake by a government clerk."
On December 4, 2011, Pierre died at the age of 48.  She had a heart attack on the way to the hospital in Villa Altagracia.

Work 

At the age of 14, Pierre started a protest by sugar cane workers. Pierre went to jail, but the protest received some attention. After the protest, the workers got better tools and more money. 

Pierre worked as director of the non-governmental organization Movement for Dominican Women of Haitian Descent (MUDHA).  The goal of the group is to stop "antihaitianism", or discrimination against people from Haiti in the Dominican Republic.

In 2005, Pierre went to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the case of two ethnic Haitian children who did not receive Dominican birth certificates. The name of the case was Yean and Bosico v. Dominican Republic. The court told the Dominican government to give birth certificates to the children.  However, later, the Dominican Supreme Court later said the Haitian workers were 'in transit,' so their children could not be citizens. "

Awards
Awards 

 For her work, Pierre received the 2006 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award from Senator Edward Kennedy.  

 Pierre also received Amnesty International's 2003 Human Rights Ginetta Sagan Fund Award.

 She and MUDHA were nominated for the UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education in 2002.

 In 2008, she received the Giuseppe Motta Meda] for working for human rights.

 She was also honored by the United States Department of State with a 2010 International Women of Courage Award.

References

Other websites 

 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Human rights activists
Haitian people
1963 births
2011 deaths
Jonah Tali Lomu (12 May 1975 – 18 November 2015) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He had sixty-three caps as an All Black after debuting in 1994. He was thought to be as the first true global superstar of rugby union. He had a huge impact on the game. He was inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame on 9 October 2007, and the IRB Hall of Fame on 24 October 2011.

He played for several domestic teams, in the Super Rugby, NPC and later the Magners League competitions. These included the Auckland Blues, Chiefs  and Hurricanes, and Counties Manukau, Wellington and later North Harbour and Cardiff Blues. He made a comeback after undergoing a kidney transplant in 2004.

Lomu died suddenly of kidney failure in Auckland, New Zealand, aged 40.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 ESPN Profile

1975 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from renal failure

New Zealand rugby union players
Sportspeople from Auckland
Saeed Jaffrey, OBE (Punjabi: ਸਈਦ ਜਾਫ਼ਰੀ, Urdu: ; ; 8 January 1929 – 15 November 2015) was an Indian-born British actor. He appeared on radio, stage, television and movie. He was known for his roles in The Man Who Would Be King, Shatranj Ke Khilari, and in My Beautiful Laundrette.

Jaffrey died at a hospital in London on 14 November 2015, having recently collapsed at his home and suffered a brain hemorrhage, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
British movie actors
British television actors
British stage actors
British radio actors
Ferdinando "Nando" Gazzolo (16 October 1928 – 16 November 2015) was an Italian actor and voice actor. He was born in Savona, Italy. Gazzolo was known for his roles in West and Soda (1965), He Who Shoots First (1966) and La ragione degli altri (1965).

Gazzolo died in Nepi, Italy from complications of pneumonia at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian voice actors
People from Savona
Dora Doll (19 May 1922 – 15 November 2015) was a French actress. She was born Dorothea Hermina Feinberg in Berlin. She was known for her roles in Manon, French Cancan and in Julia.

Doll died in Gard, France from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 93.

References

Other websites
 
 Dora Doll has died; accessed 17 November 2015. 

1922 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
French movie actors
French television actors
Actors from Berlin
Metairie is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Census-designated places in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Ross Carl "Rocky" Anderson (born September 9, 1951) is an American attorney and politician. He served two terms as the 33rd mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah, from 2000 to 2008. He is the executive director of High Road for Human Rights. He ran for President of the United States in the 2012 U.S. presidential election.

References

1951 births
Living people
Lawyers from Salt Lake City, Utah
Mayors of Salt Lake City
Politicians from Utah
2012 United States presidential candidates
People from Logan, Utah
Edwin Jacob "Jake" Garn (born October 12, 1932) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He served as a U.S. Senator representing Utah from 1974 to 1993.

Garn became the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space when he flew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery as a Payload Specialist during NASA mission STS-51-D (April 12–19, 1985).

References

Other websites
NASA biography of Garn
IMNO Interviews Jake Garn 
Spacefacts biography of Jake Garn 
Page with true origin of "Garn scale" 

1932 births
Living people
American astronauts
American Latter Day Saints
Mayors of Salt Lake City
United States senators from Utah
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Robert Foster "Bob" Bennett (September 18, 1933 – May 4, 2016) was an American politician. He is the former United States Senator from Utah serving from January 3, 1993 through January 3, 2011. He was a member of the Republican Party. Bennett held chairmanships and senior positions on a number of key Senate committees, including the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee, Appropriations Committee, Rules and Administration Committee, Energy and Natural Resources Committee, and Joint Economic Committee.

Bennett was a popular conservative senator for most of his tenure, earning high ratings from conservative activist groups such as the National Rifle Association of America, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and American Conservative Union. However, in 2010 Bennett became one of the most prominent targets of the Tea Party Movement, which criticized his support of George W. Bush.

Bennett died on May 4, 2016 at his home Arlington, Virginia after suffering from pancreatic cancer and a stroke. He was 82 years old.
References

1933 births
2016 deaths
American Latter Day Saints
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from stroke
Politicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
United States senators from Utah
Republican Party (United States) politicians
This title has been used for more than one book:

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton
Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell