Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Matthews worked with Tip O'Neill, the Speaker of the House. O'Neill, a Democrat, was a political rival of VHS Republican president Ronald Reagan, but the two remained friends, saying that after 6:00 the two could go out for a drink together. Matthews wrote a book about their relationship. The last episode of The Chris Matthews Show was shown on July 21 2013. After he wrote a best selling book about politics called Hardball, Matthews joined MSNBC and hosted a show of the same name. Matthews is a moderate Democrat who has supported Republicans before and said that he is "more conservative than people think I am." However, Matthews has been a long time supporter of Barack Obama. In 2004, following a speech by Obama, Matthews said he had "seen the first black president," a prediction which came true four years later. Matthews once stated that Obama gave him a "thrill up his leg." This quote was widely mocked by many people
. He has also been critical of Hillary Clinton, and has said that she got her office by her husband's fame and not on her own ability. As of 2015, Matthews hosts Hardball with Chris Matthews on the MSNBC cable channel at 5:00PM on weekdays. He is also a political commentator that appears on other shows. Matthews is married to his wife of thirty five years, Kathleen, a businesswoman who is an executive at Marriott. He is a Roman Catholic.
References

Other websites

American political commentators
American political activists
Writers from Pennsylvania
American television news anchors
1945 births
Living people
Alfred Charles "Al" Sharpton Jr. (born October 3, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Baptist minister, civil rights activist and television talk show host. He was a candidate for the Democrat nomination for the United States presidential election, 2004. He makes regular guest appearances on Fox News, MSNBC and CNN. In 2011, he was named the host of MSNBC's PoliticsNation, a talk show.

References

Other websites

People from New York City
Democrats (United States)
American LGBT rights activists
American civil rights activists
American television presenters
1954 births
Living people
2004 United States presidential candidates
HuffPost writers and columnists
Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley (born September 17, 1933) is the senior U.S. Senator from Iowa. He was the 91st Senate President pro tempore from 2019 until 2021.  He has been Senator since 1981. He was also in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981. Before that he was in the Iowa state legislature from 1959 to 1974.

In January 2019, Grassley became the most senior Republican serving in the United States Senate due to the retirement of Orrin Hatch and the resignation of Thad Cochran. After the Republicans kept control of the Senate in the 2018 elections, Grassley became the 91st Senate President pro tempore.

In January 2021, when Republicans lost control of the U.S. Senate, Patrick Leahy became President pro tempore while Grassley became President pro tempore emeritus.

On November 17, 2020, Grassley announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19.

In January 2023, withy Patrick Leahy's retirement, Grassley became the Dean of the United States Senate.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1933 births
Living people
American Baptists
Deans of the United States Senate
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States representatives from Iowa
United States senators from Iowa
Republican Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
The Khojaly Massacre was the murder of hundreds of ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojaly in Azerbaijan on 25–26 February 1992 by the Armenian armed forces with the help of Russian armed forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
613 people were killed, including 424 men, 106 women and 83 children. The massacre was the largest massacre of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

References

Other websites 

 Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Human Rights Watch, 1992. , 
Azerbaijani websites
 Justice for Khojaly
Armenian websites
 "Azerbaijan turned Khojaly into a launch pad for indiscriminate bombardment of Karabakh", Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic Washington DC

Massacres in Azerbaijan
War crimes
Anti-Azerbaijanism
1990s in Armenia
1992 in Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh
Republic of Artsakh
1990s in Russia
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a swimmer who competed at the Summer Olympic Games.

Career
He won a bronze medal in the Men's 400m individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  His time of 4:10.01 was an Asian record.

References

1994 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Japanese swimmers
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Tochigi Prefecture
Conrad Burns (January 25, 1935 – April 28, 2016) was a former United States Senator from the state of Montana.  He was a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was the longest serving Republican Senator in the history of Montana. He was born near Gallatin, Missouri.

Burns died at his home in Billings, Montana on April 28, 2016 from complications of a stroke, aged 81.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Montana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from stroke
1935 births
2016 deaths
Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone (born June 1, 1934 in Jacksonville, Florida) is an American singer, writer and actor. He was a very successful pop musician in the 1950s and 1960s. His many hits were covers of black R&B musicians' songs. At that time black musicians were not played on white radio stations. His daughter Debby is also a singer.

According to Billboard, Boone was the second biggest charting artist of the late 1950s, behind only Elvis Presley.  He is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.

Boone hosted a half-hour ABC variety television series.  There were 115 episodes from 1957 to 1960. Many musical performers, including Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Bailey and Johnny Mathis were on the show.

References

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
American movie actors
American pop singers
American voice actors
Actors from Jacksonville, Florida
Singers from Jacksonville, Florida
American gospel musicians
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

History
He won a silver medal at the 2009 World Judo Championships and bronze medal at the 2010 World Judo Championships.

Hiroka won the silver medal in 2012 Summer Olympics at London, in the men's under 60 kg extra-lightweight judo.

References

Other websites
  Hiroaki Hiraoka at the Judoinside.com

1985 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese judoka
Earl Benjamin "Ben" Nelson (born May 17, 1941) is a former U.S. Senator from Nebraska and member of United States Democratic Party. Before that he was 37th Governor of Nebraska. He was born in McCook, Nebraska.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Nebraska
Governors of Nebraska
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
1941 births
Living people
Tom Harkin (born November 19, 1939) is a retired American politician for the Democratic Party. From 1985 to 2015, he served as a junior Senator in Iowa. He also served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985.

Harkin ran for the Democratic nomination for President in 1992, losing to then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton.

In 2013 Harkin said he would retire from the Senate after completing his fifth term in 2015.

References

Other websites

1992 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Iowa
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
1939 births
Living people
Chuck Hagel (  ; born October 4, 1946) was the 24th Secretary of Defense and the former U.S. Senator from Nebraska. He is a member of the United States Republican Party. He has criticized the Bush Administration on many things, such as the Iraq War.

In October 2014, speaking at a meeting of defense ministers in Peru, Hagel highlighted a report’s  findings of the global security threats of climate change and global warming; stating “The loss of glaciers will strain water supplies in several areas of our hemisphere,” and “Destruction and devastation from hurricanes can sow the seeds for instability. Droughts and crop failures can leave millions of people without any lifeline, and trigger waves of mass migration.”

He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 26, 2012 to become Secretary of Defense during Barack Obama's second term replacing Leon Panetta.

On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would resign the position of Secretary of Defense due to job stress and decisions on ISIS/ISIL.
References

Other websites

United States senators from Nebraska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
1946 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Defense
People from North Platte, Nebraska
Nancy Travis (born September 21, 1961 in New York City) is a television and movie actress. She is known for her roles in many movies, especially in Three Men and a Baby and its sequel Three Men and a Little Lady. She has also been in many television sitcoms.

Early life
Travis was born in New York City, the daughter of Theresa, a social worker, and Gordon Travis, a sales executive. Travis was raised in Boston, Massachusetts, and Baltimore, Maryland.

Sources

Other websites

People from New York City
American television actors
1961 births
Living people
American movie actors
Naughty by Nature are a Grammy winning rap trio from New Jersey. They formed in 1988, and their songs include O.P.P. from 1991 (on their own self titled album). Other hit songs by the rap group followed over the years.

1988 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rap music groups
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 1988
Musical groups from New Jersey
Musical trios
1980s establishments in New Jersey
The Quai Branly Museum, known in French as the Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (), is a museum in Paris. It displays art and culture from indigenous civilisations of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania. Quai Branly opened on 23 June 2006. It holds the collections of the old Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie, which is now closed. It contains 267,000 objects in its permanent collection. Of these, 3500 items are on display.

Notes

Other websites 

Musée du quai Branly  (site in French, English and Spanish)

2006 establishments in France
Art museums in France
Museums in Paris
Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri (; born late 1950s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. He is one of Australia's most well-known indigenous artists.

Early life

Warlimpirrnga was born in the late 1950s. He was born near Lake Mackay, east of where Kiwirrkurra is today. He and his family lived a traditional nomadic way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. They had never come into contact with European society. Warlimpirrnga's father died when he was a young boy. His mother remarried shortly after. Warlimpirrnga himself married his cousin, Yalti, sometime around 1980. He was a hunter, the family's main provider of food. He hunted with spears, mirru (spear-throwers) and boomerangs.
In 1984, when he was about 25, he finally came into contact people from outside his family. When he saw a white man for the first time, Warlimpirrnga remembers, "I couldn't believe it. I thought he was a devil, a bad spirit. He was the colour of clouds at sunrise." He and his family were settled at Kiwirrkurra. News of this group living nomadically so far into the modern world made headlines internationally.

Painting
Warlimpirrnga started painting in 1987. He did paintings for Papunya Tula. He was taught by the other artists at the company. He finished his first painting for them in April 1987. His first public exhibition was in Melbourne, in 1988. It showed eleven of his paintings. The entire collection was bought for the National Gallery of Victoria. He has since become one of central Australia's most well-known artists.
Warlimpirrnga paints abstract images of sacred dreaming stories and songs. The stories focus around the Tingari, the ancestors of the Pintupi, spirit beings who are believed to have created all living things. His stories are about his country and sacred sites like Marruwa and Kanapilya.

His work is held in public collections across Australia, such as in the National Gallery in Canberra, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the National Gallery of Victoria. He also has work in galleries overseas, such as the Quai Branly Museum in Paris. In 2012, his work was shown as part of the documenta exhibition in Kassel, Germany. As of 2008, the most one of his paintings has sold for is AU$85,000.

References

Other websites
Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the National Gallery of Victoria

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1950s births
Pintupi
During the 1960s, the assimilationist policies of the Menzies government had a major effect on the mentality of many Pintupi. Part of the policy led to hundreds of Pintupi children being taken away from their parents and put into missions or foster care (this is now known as the Stolen Generation). 

Beginning in the 1970s, there was a strong push within the Pintupi community at Papunya to return to their historical lands. They moved back west in 1981 to set up Kintore (Waḻungurru). Further west, Kiwirrkurra was founded in 1983, close to Lake Mackay.

Skin groupings

The Pintupi have a complex kinship system, with eight different skin groups. Males and females have different prefixes ("Tj" for males, "N" for females). These names define kinship relationships. They dictate who can marry whom. Although they may be used as terms of address, they are not surnames in the sense used by Europeans.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- bgcolor=#efefef
!Gender
!Skin name
!Can marry only
!Children will be
|-
|Male
|Tjapaltjarri
|Nakamarra
|Tjungurrayi, Nungurrayi
|-
|Female
|Napaltjarri
|Tjakamarra
|Tjupurrula, Napurrula
|-
|Male
|Tjapangati
|Nampitjinpa
|Tjapanangka, Napanangka
|-
|Female
|Napangati
|Tjampitjinpa
|Tjangala, Nangala
|-
|Male
|Tjakamarra
|Napaltjarri
|Tjupurrula, Napurrula
|-
|Female
|Nakamarra
|Tjapaltjarri
|Tjungurrayi, Nungurrayi
|-
|Male
|Tjampitjinpa
|Napangati
|Tjangala, Nangala
|-
|Female
|Nampitjinpa
|Tjapangati
|Tjapanangka, Napanangka
|-
|Male
|Tjapanangka
|Napurrula
|Tjapangati, Napangati
|-
|Female
|Napanangka
|Tjupurrula
|Tjakamarra, Nakamarra
|-
|Male
|Tjungurrayi
|Nangala
|Tjapaltjarri, Napaltjarri
|-
|Female
|Nungurrayi
|Tjangala
|Tjampitjinpa, Nampitjinpa
|-
|Male
|Tjupurrula
|Napanangka
|Tjakamarra, Nakamarra
|-
|Female
|Napurrula
|Tjapanangka
|Tjapangati, Napangati
|-
|Male
|Tjangala
|Nungurrayi
|Tjampitjinpa, Nampitjinpa
|-
|Female
|Nangala
|Tjungurrayi
|Tjungurrayi
|Tjapaltjarri, Napaltjarri
|}
Related pages
Pintupi Nine
Papunya Tula
Luritja

References
A brick factory or brickworks is a factory for making bricks from mud by humans. There is no modern equipment in traditional style brickmaking.

History
The oldest discovered bricks were originally made from shaped mud and dating to before 7500 B.C. They were found at Tell Aswad, and then later in the upper Tigris region and in southeast Anatolia close to Diyarbakir. Other more recent findings, dated between 7,000 and 6,395 B.C., come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük. In the ancient Indus Valley city of Mehrgarh, mud bricks have been found dating to 7000 BCE. (Kenoyer 2005)  Ceramic bricks were used as early as 4500 BCE in early Indus Valley cities.

Equipment
Most brickworks have some or all of the following:
 A kiln, for firing, or 'burning' the bricks.
 Drying yard or shed, for drying bricks before firing.
 A yard land for manufacturing the bricks.
 A quarry for clay.
 A pugmill or clay preparation plant

Brick making
Brick making

In a traditional brickworks, clay is taken from the quarry, and then carried by workers to the yard  After the forming or cutting, the bricks must be dried, in the open air, in drying sheds, When the bricks have been dried, they must then be fired or 'burnt' in a kiln, to give them their final hardness and appearance.

Iran 
There are about 300 traditional brick factories in the suburb of Tehran but most of them closed. Use of the Traditional brick-baking furnace or manually or pressure brick factory is very old in Persia. Persian's most famous ancient brick arch  of Anushirvan or Al-Mada'in currently in Iraq. Bricks by hand (pressure) is seven thousand years old, Tehran capital of 220 years, with older homes and historic traditional identity both modern and traditional building are made of traditional bricks. Now, after thousands of years, this custom is coming to an end. Only a few factories are still functioning. Modern factories and modern styles of bricks has substituted the hand bricks.
Traditional brick ovens are baking all over Iran, but the largest organizations manually brick kilns in the past two hundred years has always been around Tehran. Other cities with this kind of factory are Isfahan, Yazd, Ahvaz and Gonabad.

India
A brick is a block, or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually stacked together, or laid using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure. Bricks are typically produced in common or standard  sizes in bulk quantities. They have been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.

Methods of manufacture

"Bricks" for building may be made from mud. Normally, brick contains the following ingredients:

 Silica (sand) - 50% to 60% by weight
 Alumina (clay) - 20% to 30% by weight
 Lime - 2 to 5% by weight
 Iron oxide - 5 to 6% (not greater than 7%) by weight
 Magnesia - less than 1% by weight

Rail kilns
Rail kilns

In modern brickworks, this is usually done in a continuously fired tunnel kiln, in which the bricks move slowly through the kiln on conveyors, rails, or kiln cars to achieve consistency for all bricks. The bricks often have added lime, ash, and organic matter to speed the burning.

Bull's Trench Kilns
In India, brick making is typically a manual process. The most common type of brick kiln in use there are Bull's Trench Kiln (BTK), based on a design developed by British engineer W. Bull in the late 19th century.

An oval or circular trench, 6–9 meters wide, 2-2.5 meters deep, and 100–150 meters in circumference, is dug. A tall exhaust chimney is constructed in the centre. Half or more of the trench is filled with "green" (unfired) bricks which are stacked in an open lattice pattern to allow airflow. The lattice is capped with a roofing layer of finished brick.
In operation, new green bricks, along with roofing bricks, are stacked at one end of the brick pile. Cooled finished bricks are removed from the other end for transport. In the middle the brick workers create a firing zone by dropping fuel (coal, wood, oil, debris, and so on.) through access holes in the roof above the trench.

Related pages
 Brick
 Masonry
 Factories

Notes

References

Further reading
 
 Hudson, Kenneth (1972) Building Materials; chap. 3: Bricks and tiles. London: Longman; pp. 28–42
 
 Dewan, Kader 2010

Other websites 
 Brick in 20th century architecture
 Brick Industry Association
 Mason Contractors Association of America
 Masonry Institute of America
 Western States Clay Products Association

Industries
Construction
Hester Jonas (around 1570 in Monheim am Rhein – December 24, 1635 in Neuss) was a German midwife and cunning woman. She was executed for witchcraft and is known as the so called Witch of Neuss.

Life 
Jonas married the miller Peter Meurer. They moved to Neuss. There she suffered severe epileptic seizures. She worked as a midwife and was familiar with herbalism, particularly mandrake.

In November 1635 (at the age of about 64 years), she was accused of witchcraft. She was arrested, examined and tortured. The mayor of Neuss accused her of having a deal with the devil. A few years back she already had the reputation of being a witch. In the wake of growing public rumours, the authorities were forced to do something. After hearings on November 15 and 22, Jonas denied the charges. On December 19 and 20 she was put on a chair spiked with sharp nails for three hours.
After her torture she confessed falsely. She confessed to having sexual intercourse with a black man named "Hans Beelzebub". She confessed to damaging humans and animals by black magic. On the same night she escaped, but was captured again in a short time. Jonas then said her confession wasn't true, but her resistance was broken after a violent whipping the next day. She again confessed to all charges and the court sentenced her to death by beheading. On December 24 she was beheaded by an executioner. Her body was burnt and the ashes blew away in the wind.

The transcripts are still available in the city archive of Neuss.

Trivia 
 "The Ballad of Hester Jonas" by Peter Maiwald

Further reading 
 Kemmerich, Hetty. Sagt, was ich gestehen soll! Hexenprozesse. Dortmund 2004, , p. 231–236.

References 

1570s births
1635 deaths
Executed German people
People executed for witchcraft
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Papunya Tula Artists is a co-operative of Aboriginal Australian artists. It is owned and run by Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. It is famous for its development of the Western Desert art movement – widely referred to as "dot painting" – and is often credited with bringing Aboriginal art to the world's attention. The original group of artists started painting in the town of Papunya, but today the company is based in Alice Springs.

The origins of the company go back to 1971. Geoffrey Bardon, the school teacher at Papunya, taught the children to paint a mural using the classical style of body and sand art. Historically, paintings and designs are made by Aborigines to depict stories and songs about the dreamtime. The co-operative was formed in 1972 by a group of men from Bardon's classes. They painted spiritual designs used in ceremonial art, but using modern instruments (like acrylic paints on canvas).
In the late 1970s, many of the people at Papunya left and moved back to their traditional lands. But the company continued to grow, and it centralised in Alice Springs. In 1987, the National Gallery of Victoria bought eleven paintings by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri. As popularity of this style of art continued to grow, so did their value. In 2007, a single painting by Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri set a record at auction for Aboriginal art. It was bought for £1.03 million, more than twice as much as the previous record-holder.

The first artists, including all of the company's founders, were men. In the early years, the men didn't like women painting. However, there was also a strong desire amongst many of the women to participate. In the 1990s large numbers of them began to create paintings.

Notes
Notes

Other websites
Gallery website 
Papunya Tula exhibition  at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
Papunya Painting , an exhibition at the National Museum of Australia
Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art, an exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria
Papunya Tula art movement of the Western Desert , Australian Government portal

Indigenous Australian culture
Australian artists
Companies of Australia
CIS or Cis may refer to:
Center for Immigration Studies
Cisgender
Confederacy of Independent Systems
Commonwealth of Independent States
CIS national football team
Center for Immigration Studies
CIS Tower
Ham Tae-yeong (1872-1964) was a Korean politician and independence activist. He was the 3rd Vice President of South Korea, from 1952 to 1956.

South Korean politicians
Korean activists
1872 births
1964 deaths
The hippocamp (also: hippocampe, hippokamp, or hippocampus, pl: hippocampi or hippokampoi) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. The creature has a horse's body and a fish's tail. It was not commonly pictured in Classical Greek art but when it is, it is sometimes ridden by the sea god Nereus or sea nymphs. The hippocamp plays no part in any known mythological tale. The ancients believed it was the adult form of the seahorse. It draws the chariot of Poseidon and other sea divinities in the works of ancient writers and artists.

References 

Greek legendary creatures
Stronghold 2 is a real-time strategy computer game. It was released by Firefly Studios in April 2005.

Gameplay
In the game, players play as a leader of a medieval castle. They must administer the castle in a good way in order to gain experience points. With his available energy, he should develop his food production, industry, civil, or military buildings and defenses. Military units are directly controlled individually or in groups. There are some semi-independent villages, which can be bought with experience points, and will contribute to the player's available energy.

Different play modes are possible, such as Kingmaker, Siege, War Campaign, Peace Campaign, Freeplay, Custom scenario, and Multiplayer.
Stronghold 2 is set within the Middle Ages. The player plays as Sir Matthew Steele, a page for Sir William. The main storyline begins with Barclay, who wants to become the king of the no-king castle. Sir William is the player's closest ally, King who believes him to be a traitor disgraced him, because he mistakenly sieges Lady Seren’s castle, helps a tyrant escape, and accidentally poisons the King. Sir Grey is an elderly man, whose useful life is nearing end, but he still builds small but powerful castles with tall towers and thick walls. Lady Seren originally appears as an enemy, however, Sir Steele learns that she is in fact an ally, and Sir William mistook her for a witch. Sir Edwin is the weakest enemy, he lacks confidence but he is not as pathetic. Olaf Grimtooth is the Viking warlord. Pascal Devereux, better known as "The Hawk" is Sir William's evil brother. His castles are usually built from stone and feature large, powerful gatehouses, so he’s the most difficult enemy
. And your mission is to beat them one by one.
War campaign
You are the page of Sir William. Sir William was captured by Lord Barclay but you helped him to managed escape.  Afterwards, Sir William and you ride to a nearby boathouse. Then Sir William will guide you how to develop your economically, and Constable Briggs will guide you how to fight with enemy. At this moment, Olaf Grimtooth led his army to the lands as an aggression, then you beat Olaf, William takes you to lady Seren. Then you have to protect the Edwin, he gives you some land. When you arrive in the country's borderlands, you will see that there are many problems there, and then you should solve the problems one by one. At last, you kill Olaf, then you have to make a choice: Follow The Hawk and The Hammer, or The Lamb and The King.
Peace Campaign
This story begins with a small and poor castle, and your mission is to rebuild this castle. You should build some wells for the fire, get more food and put out the wolves. Finally, you need to get lots of food in your kitchen for the King’s banquet.

Map editor
A map editor is provided, which players can use to create new maps. These maps can be shared online.

Reception

The game received "mixed or average reviews," according to Metacritic. Metacritic gave the game an average score of 63. All other scores were averaged or negative, but few positive scores. PC Gamer gave the game 84%, and Eurogamer gave it 7/10, being generally favorable.

Demo
On January 4, 2007, a single player demo was released, including three missions. The demo solved many bugs.

References

2005 video games
Real-time strategy video games
Takariya Napaltjarri (born early 1960s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints for the Papunya Tula artists' co-operative.

History

Early life

Takariya was born in the 1960s near Lake Mackay, in Western Australia. The exact year is not known. She grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life in the desert. Takariya's mother was named Papalya and her father was named Waku. Her father died not long after she was born. She had an older sister, Topsy, and an older brother, Warlimpirrnga.
Takariya's family lived in isolation in the desert. They had never come into contact with Euro-Australian society. Most of their relatives had been settled into towns on the edges of the desert. The group's leader, Lanti, had decided that they would stay living in the desert. Takariya and her family finally came into contact with some of their relatives in 1984. They were settled at Kiwirrkurra, on the south edge of Lake Mackay. The event was big news at the time, and the family became famously known as "the last nomads". Takariya was in her mid- to late-20s at the time.

Kiwirrkurra
Shortly after her family arrived at Kiwirrkurra, Takariya was married to Freddy West Tjakamarra. This was a gesture between the family and the village. They later separated. A few years later, Takariya married another man, named Richard Tjakamarra.
Painting
Takariya began painting for the Papunya Tula co-operative in June 1996. Later in the year, she had her first exhibition. It was a group exhibition called Papunya Women, shown at Utopia Art Gallery in Sydney. In 1997, her work was included in the Bulada exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. She has also painted for Warlayirti Artists at Balgo, where her husband's family lives. Works by Takariya are held in the Art Gallery of New Wales, as well as in collections overseas.

Her paintings are of sacred dreaming stories and songs. They are mostly about the Tingari (the ancestors of the Pintupi). Takariya paints her and her mother's dreaming country. This includes places like Marrapinti, Ngalpurrunya, Ngaminya, Karilwara, Wirrulnga and Marruwa – places that are sacred to her.

References

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1960s births
Pintupi
Glíma is an Old Norse word meaning glimpse or flash, and is 
the name of the Scandinavian martial arts system used by the Vikings 
over 1200 years ago.

Glima as a self-defence system contains throws, blows, kicks, chokes,
locks, and pain techniques, and is comparable with the best complete 
martial arts systems from around the world. Glima as self-defence was 
the foundation for the Viking warrior, and these techniques are still 
practiced in Scandinavia, Europe, North America and South America.
Glima as a sport  is often called Viking wrestling and covers several types of Scandinavian folk wrestling: Lausatök, Brokartök and Hryggspenna. Lausatök (Loose-grip or Free-grip) is the most wide spread form of glima practiced in Norway. It is quite aggressive form of wrestling where the match the winner is considered the one who is standing up while the opponent is lying on the ground. Hryggspenna (Backhold) is a form of wrestling where the opponents take hold of each other's 
upper body with a grip around the back; whoever touches the ground with any part of the body except 
the feet has lost. Brokartök (Trouser-grip) the most widespread in Iceland and Sweden. In this type of Glima, the wrestlers hold each others trousers by the waistline, or by a special Brokartök glima belt, then attempts to trip and throw their opponent.
Christian priests regarded Glima as a pagan activity and tried to eliminate it when Scandinavia, became Christian. The people of Scandinavia however thought it good for physical and moral development and continued to practice the sport. Brokartök glima has been the national sport of Iceland for over 100 years.

References 
 Craig, Steve. Sports and Games of the Ancients, pages 97-99, Greenwood Publishing Group.

Other websites

Wrestling
Iceland
The Surgeon is a 1995 horror movie directed by Carl Schenkel. The plot involves a small boy who witnesses his brother being killed in surgery, and grows up to become a monster with a scalpel. The film stars Isabel Glasser, Peter Boyle, Malcolm McDowell and Charles Dance. Originally titled Exquisite Tenderness, the film was released in Spain in 1995. Some of the footage was shot in Canada. It made about 10,000,000 in profit. It also came out in the United Kingdom and Germany.

Other websites

1995 movies
1995 horror movies
English-language movies
In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, the Bohr model is the model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. Bohr's model is useful only when discussing the behavior of a hydrogen atom. Bohr's model is extremely useful in describing the hydrogen emission spectrum.

Electrons

Energy Levels 

The Bohr model says that the angular momentum of an electron within a hydrogen atom can only be integer multiples of a certain number.

Where h is Planck's constant, π is pi, and n is the multiples (1,2,3,...). This formula says that an electron will only be found on the energy levels predicted by the formula, and not anywhere in between. This means that if an electron jumps from one energy level to the next, it will never be in between energy levels, but will instantaneously be transported from one level to the other.
Light 
Bohr's model is also useful because it explains the cause of light. Bohr agreed with classical theory that light has a wave-particle duality (meaning that it is made of both electromagnetic waves and particles called photons), but he said that light was given off when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one. Basically, if an electron with x amount of energy goes to a lower state of energy and loses y energy, then a photon with energy y is emitted by the atom and either becomes light or some other form of radiation.

Related pages 
Quantum mechanics
Emission spectrum

Quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, a matter wave is when you think of matter as a wave. The concept of matter waves was first introduced by Louis de Broglie. Matter waves are hard to visualize, because we are used to thinking of matter as a physical object. De Broglie revolutionized quantum mechanics by producing the equation for matter waves.

Wavelength of Matter 
As experiments on light revealed that photons possessed both wavelike and particular properties, they were considered at the time to have a dual nature as both particles and waves. De Broglie showed that matter might exhibit such a 'wave-particle duality' as well. Basing his formula on earlier formulas, he arrived at the equation below. 

Where λ is the wavelength of the object, h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity of the object. An alternate and also correct version of this formula is
Where p is the momentum. (Momentum is equal to mass times velocity). These equations merely say that matter exhibits a particle-like nature in some circumstances, and a wave-like characteristic at other times. Erwin Schrödinger created an advanced equation based on this formula and the Bohr model, known as the Schrödinger equation.

Related pages 
Quantum mechanics
Wave-particle duality

Wave physics
Quantum mechanics
Matthew Allen Hughes (born December 13, 1978 in Hillsboro, Illinois) is a retired American mixed martial artist. Hughes is a former two-time UFC Welterweight Champion and UFC Hall of Famer. He put together two separate six-fight winning streaks. He defeated all the available opposition in his weight class. He defeated six former UFC Champions. Hughes also was the coach for the reality shows The Ultimate Fighter 2 and The Ultimate Fighter 6. He was the host of Trophy Hunters TV.

On June 16, 2017, Hughes was hospitalized with a serious head injury after a train struck the passenger side of his truck at a crossing near his home in Montgomery County, Illinois.

Championships and achievements
Mixed martial arts
Ultimate Fighting Championship
UFC Welterweight Champion (two times)
Seven successful title defenses
Second most successful welterweight title defenses (seven)
Tapout of the Night (four times)
Submission of the Night (one time)
Fight of the Night (one time)
UFC Hall of Fame
Third most wins in the UFC (eighteen)
Most finishes in the Welterweight division (Thirteen)
Two separate six-fight win streaks in the UFC
Defeated all but one (Pat Miletich) of the other UFC welterweight champions while active
Defeated six different UFC champions
Black Belt Magazine
2006 NHB Fighter of the Year
Black Belt Magazine Hall of Famer
Bleacher Report
2000s Welterweight of the Decade.
Sports Illustrated
2000s #3 Fighter of the Decade
UFC's #4 Greatest Fight vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
UFC's #1 Greatest Fight vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
About.com
2000s #5 Fight of the Decade vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
2000s #3 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
Fight Matrix
Fight Matrix
1999 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2002 Fighter of the Year
2003 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2004 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2005 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
MMAFighting
2002 Welterweight Fighter of the Year
2003 Welterweight Fighter of the Year
2005 Submission of the Year vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
Yahoo! Sports
2000s #6 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
Amateur wrestling
National Collegiate Athletic Association
NCAA Division 1 All-American Team (Two times)
NCAA Division 1 158 lb - 8th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1996)
NCAA Division 1 158 lb - 5th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1997)
National Junior College Athletic Association
NJCAA All-American Team (Two times)
NJCAA Hall of Fame
Eastern Illinois University
EIU Athletic Hall of Fame
Illinois High School Association
IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145 lb (1991)
IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145 lb (1992)

Submission grappling
Grapplers Quest
2002 Grapplers Quest West Championships Middleweight Advanced Champion (2/23/02)

Books
(2008) Made in America: The Most Dominant Champion in UFC History. Simon Spotlight Entertainment. .

References

Other websites

Matt Hughes' official website
Official UFC Profile
IMDB page
Matt Hughes' training facility
Matt Hughes profile at the National Wrestling Hall of Fame
1973 births
Living people
American Christians
American mixed martial artists
Niki Taylor (born March 5, 1975 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) is an American model and was shown on multiple magazine covers, such as Sports Illustrated. She is also associated with cosmetics, including but not limited to CoverGirl. In 2001, she was almost killed because of a car accident, but has continued to model in spite of that accident.

References

Models from Florida
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Participants in American reality television series
1975 births
Living people
Female sexual arousal disorder is condition where a woman has a hard time getting aroused sexually. or to maintain this arousal, until after sexual intercourse.

Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response or desire — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as female sexual dysfunction.

Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point in their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can occur at all stages of life, and it may be ongoing or happen only once in a while.

You may experience more than one type of female sexual dysfunction. Types include:
Low sexual desire. You have diminished libido, or lack of sex drive.
Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity.
Orgasmic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation.
Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact.

Sexual disorders
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

Career
In 2011, Ebunuma won the World Championship for his judo weight class.

Ebinuma won the bronze medal in the men’s 66 kg judo category during the 2012 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites
  Masashi Ebinuma (JPN) at Judoinside.com 

1990 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Japanese judoka
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Topsy Gibson Napaltjarri is an Australian Aboriginal artist.

Life
Topsy was born around 1950, in the Gibson Desert. She was born at Wirrulnga, a rockhole near what is now Kiwirrkurra, in Western Australia. She was the first child of Papalya and Waku. She grew up living in the desert, living a traditional hunter-gatherer way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. Her family had no contact with the modern world and had never seen White people. When she was about 13, she married a man named Tommy Tjakamarra. She left her family and went with Tommy to go and live at Mount Doreen, northwest of Yuendumu. This was her first encounter with modern, Euro-Australian society. Her family was left behind in the desert and did not come out until 1984.
Topsy and Tommy lived at Papunya for a few years, but they later separated. Topsy remarried, to a man named Tony Tjakamarra, and she moved west with him to Balgo. They moved to Kiwirrkurra in 1984, not long after it was founded. She has two daughters, Yalamay (born 1973) and Lynette (born 1976), and one son.

Painting
Topsy began painting in 1996, with her sister Takariya. Her younger brother, Warlimpirrnga, had been painting since 1987 and was already famous as an artist. She was first represented by Warlayirti Artists, the art co-operative at Balgo.

References

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1950s births
Pintupi
Brett Butler (born January 30, 1958) is an American actress and stand-up comedian. She is best known for playing Grace in the sitcom Grace Under Fire. She has also done other television programs and comedy acts.

Butler published Knee Deep in Paradise in 1996.  The book tells about her life before her successful television program.

References

Other websites
 
 

Comedians from Alabama
American television actors
Actors from Montgomery, Alabama
1958 births
Living people
Nicola (Antonio) Porpora (or Niccolò Porpora) (17 August 1686 – 3 March 1768) was a composer and a very famous singing teacher from Italy. He composed more than 40 operas. He also composed cantatas, oratorios, sonatas for violin, and church music. Some of the famous people who studied singing and music with Porpora were the poet Pietro Metastasio, the composer Joseph Haydn, Princess Maria Antonia of Bavaria, and the castrato singers, Farinelli and Caffarelli.

Life
Porpora was born in Naples. His father, Carlo Porpora, owned a book shop. When he was ten years old, Porpora began to study music at a famous music school in Naples called the . He studied there for ten years. He composed his first opera, Agrippina, when he was 22 years old. It was about Agrippina the Younger, the mother of the Roman Emperor, Nero. Agrippina was first performed in 1708 at the Royal Palace in Naples.
At first, Porpora worked mostly in Naples, composing music and teaching singing. In 1726 he went to live in Venice where he taught singing and composed many operas. He lived in Venice for many years. During his life he also worked in Vienna, Dresden, and London. He went back to Naples to work two or three times. The last time was in 1758. He stayed in Naples for the rest of his life. He was a teacher at two music schools there, the  and the . 

He wrote his last opera in 1760. It was called  (Camilla's Triumph). It was performed at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, but it was not a success. He retired from teaching in 1761. In the last years of his life, he had very little money. Porpora died in 1768. He was 81 years old. He is buried in the Church of Ecce Homo in Naples. Many singers and musicians performed at his funeral.
Recordings
There are several modern recordings of Porpora's music, especially his sonatas for violin and his church music. There is also a recording of arias from six of his operas. They are performed by the soprano, Karina Gauvin and the  orchestra, conducted by Alan Curtis.

References

Grove, George (1900). "Porpora, Nicola", A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Volume 3, pp. 16-18. MacMillan & Co 
Randel, Don Michael (ed.) (1996). "Porpora, Nicola (Antonio)" in The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music, pp. 702-703. Harvard University Press

Other websites
The Porpora Project with a longer biography of Porpora and lists of his compositions.
 Nicola Porpora at the International Music Score Library Project

1686 births
1768 deaths
Entertainers from Campania
18th-century Italian composers
Musicians from Naples
Hermannsburg is an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about  southwest of Alice Springs. It is known in the local Arrernte language as Ntaria.

In the 2006 census, Hermannsburg had a population of 559. It was established as a Lutheran mission in 1877 by two missionaries from Germany. They named their new mission after Hermannsburg in Germany where they had trained. The missionaries left in 1891, but people still lived at the settlement. The mission land was given over to traditional ownership in 1982.

The famous painter Albert Namatjira was born at Hermannsburg in 1902. He painted landscapes in Western-style watercolours. Painting in this style came to be known as the Hermannsburg School of painting.

Other websites
South Australian History - Hermannsburg 

1877 establishments in Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Towns in the Northern Territory
Australian National Heritage List
Arrernte
The town was evacuated in March 2001 because of serious floods. The population (about 170 people) were first moved to Kintore, then to Alice Springs and then finally to the Goldfields of Western Australia, over  south of Kiwirrkurra. At Alice Springs, the people drunk alcohol for the first time. This led to major conflicts and violence. The community moved back to Kiwirrkurra in late 2002. Though they had been evacuated and living in other places at the time, the Kiwirrkurra people gained native title over the area on 19 October 2001. The title covered  of the land and waters around the town.

References

Towns in Western Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Pintupi
1983 establishments in Australia
Karl "Ham" Rove (born December 25, 1950) is an American political consultant and a policy advisor. He was Deputy Chief of Staff under President George W. Bush. Rove is also a Fox News contributor and columnist for the Wall Street Journal. Rove was born in Denver, Colorado.

References

Other websites

Politicians from Denver
1950 births
Living people
Republican Party (United States) politicians
American political commentators
Fox News people
Ann-Margret Olssen (born April 28, 1941 in Valsjobyn, Sweden, more often known as just Ann-Margret) is a television and movie actress. She has won five Golden Globe Awards for her many performances. Her movies include The Cincinnati Kid and Carnal Knowledge.

From 1967 until his death in 2017, she was married to actor Roger Smith.

References

Other websites

Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
1941 births
Living people
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Swedish voice actors
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
Actors from Stockholm
Annie Potts (born October 28, 1952 in Nashville) is an American television, movie and voice actress. She starred in the two Ghostbusters movies and the first two Toy Story movies. She is best known for playing Mary in the CBS sitcom Designing Women and as Sheldon's MeeMaw in Young Sheldon. She was also in other movies.

Filmography

Animated Roles
 Hercules - Syrinx
 Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja - Miss Mary Elizabeth Zingwald
 The Kwicky Koala Show - Additional Voices
 Welcome to the Wayne - Olympia Timbers

Live-Action Roles
 Amazing Stories - Bev Binsford

Film Roles
 Toy Story - Bo Peep
 Toy Story 2 - Bo Peep
 Toy Story 4 - Bo Peep
 Woody's Roundup: The Movie - Bo Peep

Video Game Roles
 Ghostbusters: The Video Game - Janine Melnitz

References

Other websites

American movie actors
1952 births
Living people
Actors from Nashville, Tennessee
American television actors