Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
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1945 births
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American physicians
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The Division of Fremantle is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia. It was one of the original 75 divisions for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for the city of Fremantle, which in turn is named for Captain Charles Fremantle. Fremantle was captain of HMS Challenger, which brought the first settlers to Western Australia. The Division includes the southern suburbs of Perth, Cockburn, Coolbellup, Palmyra, Fremantle and Rottnest Island.

The division originally included Perth's southwestern suburbs. Boundary changes since 1949 have made it a very safe seat for the Australian Labor Party.

Members
Members

Many senior Labor members have held Fremantle. The most famous was John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia from 1941 to 1945.Others were Kim Beazley (senior), a minister in the Whitlam Government; John Dawkins, a minister in the Hawke Government and Keating Governments; and Carmen Lawrence, the former Premier of Western Australia and a minister in the Keating Government. Melissa Parke is a former United Nations lawyer.

Election results

References

Other websites
Division of Fremantle - Australian Electoral Commission
Melissa Parke's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
1901 establishments in Australia
Ensete is a genus of flowering plants native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, Musaceae, and includes the false banana or enset (E. ventricosum), an economically important foodcrop in Ethiopia.

Taxonomy 
The genus Ensete was first described by Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow (1796-1865) in his Prodromus Monographiae Scitaminarum of 1862 in which he created a single species, Ensete edule. However, the genus did not receive general recognition until 1947 when it was revived by E. E. Cheesman in the first of a series of papers in the Kew Bulletin on the classification of the bananas, with a total of 25 species.

Taxonomically, the genus Ensete has been reduced since Cheesman restore the taxon. Cheesman acknowledged that field study might reveal synonymy and the most recent review of the genus by Simmonds (1960) listed just six. The Plant List accepts eight species as valid.
Description
The plants of Ensete are very large herbs without branches that die after producing seeds; They have only one stem that remains short until flowering.

They have very big leaves; the lower parts of the leaves form a false stem so they look as trees. Their fruits are leathery and dry berries with few big and hard seeds.

Species

It is possible to separate Ensete into its African and Asian species.

Africa
Ensete homblei (Bequart ex De Wild.) Cheesman - SE Democratic Republic of Congo to N Zambia
Ensete livingstonianum (J.Kirk) Cheesman - Western tropical Africa to Malawi
Ensete perrieri (Claverie) Cheesman - endemic to Madagascar
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman - enset or false banana, widely cultivated as a food plant in Ethiopia
Asia
Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman - widespread in Asia from India to Papua New Guinea
Ensete lasiocarpum (Franch.) Cheesman - China, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar (Burma)
Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman - Western Ghats of India
Ensete wilsonii (Tutcher) Cheesman - Yunnan, China, but doubtfully distinct from E. glaucum

Related pages 
Musa (genus)
Plantain
Banana

Notes

References

Other websites

 IPNI Listing

Musaceae
Arius (born around 260, died 336 in Constantinople) was an early Christian thinker. He lived in Alexandria, but was probably born in Libya.  He did not agree with his bishop Alexander who said that Jesus and God were the same. Arius said Jesus and God were not the same since there was a time when Jesus did not exist. 

At the First Council of Nicea, most bishops did not vote with Arius; the official document says that God the Father and Jesus the Son were of the same essence, and therefore the same being.  They voted that Jesus and God had existed together for all time.

Reference 
Article about Arius from Encyclopedia Britannica

260s births
336 deaths
Early Christian theologians
Egyptian Christians
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Francisco Boedo Vazquez (born October 29, 1959 in A Coruña) is a judo athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B2 type athlete.  He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in judo.  He finished second in the 86 kg group. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in judo.  He finished 7 in the up to 81 kg Open group.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1959 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from A Coruña
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
In antiquity, the geographical name Libya generally referred to the part of North Africa, west of the Nile. 

History of Africa
Libya
Rafael Moreno Lopez (born August 25, 1966 in Málaga) is a judo athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B2 type athlete.  He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in judo.  He finished 6 in the + 95 Kg group. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in judo.  He finished second in the Open group. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in judo. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in judo.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1966 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
People from Malaga
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Admiral Sir Charles Howe Fremantle GCB RN (2 June 1800 – 25 May 1869) was a British Royal Navy officer.  The city of Fremantle in Western Australia is named after him. Fremantle was the son of Admiral Thomas Fremantle, a friend of Nelson. His mother was Elizabeth, the diarist. He was a nephew of William Henry Fremantle. His elder brother was Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe. His middle name, Howe, is because his birth date was the anniversary of Lord Howe's victory over the French on the Glorious First of June in 1794. He joined the Royal Navy in 1812.

Fremantle was charged with raping a 15-year-old girl in April 1826. To avoid a scandal, his family paid off witnesses and put pressure on the judge. In August 1826 he was promoted to captain. In 1828 he was given command of the 26-gun frigate HMS Challenger, and sent to claim the west coast of Australia for the United Kingdom.
Career
HMS Challenger left the Cape of Good Hope on 20 March 1829. It arrived in Cockburn Sound on 2 May, and Fremantle went ashore at Garden Island. One week later, Fremantle raised the British flag at the mouth of the Swan River and claimed Western Australia for King George IV.

The new lieutenant governor James Stirling arrived in Cockburn Sound on 2 June on the  Parmelia, bring 69 new settlers. They planned to start a colony at the Swan River in Western Australia. On 8 June they were joined by 56 officers and men from the  HMS Sulphur. On 17 June, Stirling read out loud a legal document which supported Fremantle's earlier proclamation. This was the beginning of the history of Western Australia as a British colony, and later as a state of federal Australia.

Fremantle left the Swan River Colony on 25 August 1829, for the British Army base of Trincomalee, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) where he was based the next couple of years.
While he was there he visited many places including Kowloon. He told the British government that this would be a good site for a British settlement. They agreed and Hong Kong was settled in 1841.

On his way back to England in September 1832, he made his second and final visit to the Swan River Colony.

In 1833 he stopped at Pitcairn Island, where he attempted to make peace in the leadership dispute between Joshua Hill and George Hunn Nobbs.

In 1843 he was given command of HMS Inconstant in the Mediterranean Fleet and in 1847 he took command of HMS Albion.  In 1853 he became Captain of HMS Juno on the Australia Station.

In 1855 he served as Rear-Admiral controlling the naval transport service for the Crimean War from Balaklava (a city in the Ukraine).

In July 1858 he was given command of the Channel Squadron and in 1863 he became Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth.
Personal life
He married Isabella Wedderburn on 8 October 1836.  They had three children:
 Emily Caroline Alexander (14 April 1838 – 10 February 1929).  Married Reverend CL Alexander, Rector of Sturton-by-Bridge, Derbyshire.
 Celia Elizabeth McNeil (8 October 1840 – 15 February 1929). Married Canon EA McNeile, Vicar of St Pauls, Princes Park, Liverpool.
 Louisa Frances Fremantle (23 February 1843 – 20 March 1909).

Later life
He died on 25 may 1869 six days before his 69  birthday and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.

References

 Appleyard, R. T. and Manford, Toby (1979). The Beginning: European Discovery and Early Settlement of Swan River Western Australia, University of Western Australia Press. .

Western Australia
People from Perth, Western Australia
Royal Navy officers
1800 births
1869 deaths
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Eugenio Andres Santana Santana (born December 2, 1959 in Las Palmas) is a judo athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B2 type athlete.  He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in judo.  He finished third in the 78 Kg group. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in judo.  He finished 5 in the up to Open group.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1959 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
People from the Canary Islands
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
The Carcharodontosauridae were a family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. They are a clade in the Carnosauria. Carcharodontosaurids included some of the largest land predators ever known: Giganotosaurus, Mapusaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and Tyrannotitan. All of these rivalled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus in size.

Evolution
Together with the spinosaurids, carcharodontosaurids were the largest predators in the early and middle Cretaceous throughout Gondwana. They were also in North America (Acrocanthosaurus), and Asia (Shaochilong).

Their ages range from 127 to 93 million years ago (mya). After that, they may have been replaced by the smaller abelisaurids in Gondwana and by tyrannosaurids in North America and Asia. If so, this faunal replacement occurred on a global scale.

However, some theropod teeth discovered in the late Cretaceous of Brazil, as well as a fragment of right maxilla appear to belong to carcharodontosaurids. This suggests the group survived until the latest Cretaceous.
In December 2011, Oliver Rauhut described a new genus and species of carcharodontosaurid from the Upper Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian to earliest Tithonian, about 154150 mya) of southeastern Tanzania. Veterupristisaurus is the oldest known carcharodontosaurid.

References 

Carnosaurs
Jose Luis Arribas Granados (born January 14, 1975 in Madrid) is a swimmer from Spain.  He had a disability: he is blind and is an B2/S12 type swimmer.  He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the breaststroke.

References 

1975 births
Living people
1996 Summer Paralympics
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish swimmers
Sportspeople from Madrid
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Awasa (sometimes spelled Awassa or Hawassa) is a city in Ethiopia. It is on the shores of Lake Awasa in the Great Rift Valley. The city is the capital of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region. It is on the Trans-African Highway 4 to Cairo-Cape Town. It has 165,275 people (2012).

The city was once the capital of the Sidamo Province from 1978 to 1995; when the 1995 Constitution was adopted and the province was abolished. The city also has Hawassa University, which was created in 1999. 194 members of the Sidama Liberation Movement were arrested and held in Awasa prison in September 1994. The chairman fled to the United Kingdom after someone tried to assassinate him.

Other websites
Official city website 

Cities in Ethiopia
The Stenian is the last geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.2 billion years ago, and ended at 1 billion years ago. Before it was the Ectasian. It is followed by the Tonian.

The supercontinent Rodinia began forming in this period.
Fossils of the first known sexually-reproducing eukaryotes are found at the end of the previous period in the Hunting Formation on Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada.

This period includes the Keweenawan Age at about 1100 mya.

References

Mesoproterozoic
The Ectasian is the second geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.4 billion years ago and ended at 1.2 billion years ago. The Ectasian came after the Calymmian and before the Stenian.

This period shows for the first evidence of sexual reproduction. The 1.2 billion-year-old Hunting Formation on Somerset Island, Canada, is from the end of the Ectasian. It has the microfossils of the multicellular filaments of Bangiomorpha pubescens (a type of red algae). This was the first organism that had sexual reproduction. 

Mesoproterozoic
The Calymmian is the first geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.6 billion years ago and ended at 1.4 billion years ago.

In the period new land was formed. The supercontinent Columbia broke up during the Calymmian about 1.5 billion years ago.

Mesoproterozoic
The Statherian is the last geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic. It began 1.8 billion years ago and ended at 1.6 billion years ago. 

The period is marked by new land. The supercontinent Columbia formed at the beginning of this period.

Palaeoproterozoic
The Orosirian is the third geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic. It began 2.05 billion years ago (bya) and ended at 1.8 bya. 

The latter half of the period was a time of mountain-building on nearly all continents. It was the time when the supercontinent Columbia began to form.

Two of the largest known impact events on Earth happened during the Orosirian. At the beginning of the period, 2023 million years ago (mya), a large asteroid hit the earth and created the Vredefort impact structure. The event that created the Sudbury Basin structure happened near the end of the period about 1850 mya.

Palaeoproterozoic
The Rhyacian is the second geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic that began 2.3 billion years ago, and ended at 2.05 billion years ago. Before it was the Siderian It is followed by the Orosirian.

The Huronian (Makganyene) global glaciation began at the start of the Rhyacian. It lasted until 2200 million years ago.

The first known eukaryotes began to evolve in the Rhyacian period. The multicellular Francevillian Group Fossils, at 2.1-Gyr-old are from the Rhyacian period.

References 

Palaeoproterozoic
Brandon Pirri (born April 10, 1991, in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Before he played in the NHL, Pirri played in the Ontario Junior Hockey League for the Streetsville Derbys and the Georgetown Raiders. He also played at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the ECAC Hockey conference. He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 59th overall pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. He spends most of his time with the Blackhawks AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs.

On March 2, 2014, the Blackhawks traded Pirri to the Florida Panthers for a 2014 3rd round pick and a 2016 5th round pick.

References

Other websites

1992 births
Anaheim Ducks players
Living people
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Chicago Wolves players
Florida Panthers players
New York Rangers players
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
American Hockey League players
The Siderian is the first geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic that began 2.5 billion years ago, and ended at 2.3 billion years ago. Before it was the Neoarchaean It is followed by the Rhyacian.

Banded iron formations (BIFs) became very abundant early this period. BIFs were formed as anaerobic algae produced waste oxygen that combined with iron, forming magnetite (Fe3O4, an iron oxide). This process cleared iron from the oceans, presumably turning greenish seas clear. Eventually, without an oxygen sink in the oceans, the process created the oxygen-rich atmosphere of today. This event is known as the oxygen catastrophe, which according to some geologists triggered the Huronian glaciation. The Huronian glaciation took place in the Siderian between 2400 Mya and 2300 Mya.

References 

Palaeoproterozoic
Shawn Beauchamp-Lalonde (born March 14, 1990, in Orleans, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Before he played in the NHL, Lalonde played 4 seasons in the Ontario Hockey League for the Belleville Bulls. He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 68th overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. He spends most of his time with the Blackhawks AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. He played his first game in the NHL for the Blackhawks on April 14, 2011 in a game against the St. Louis Blues.

On July 24, 2013, Lalonde left the Blackhawks to join Eisbären Berlin of the DEL.

References

Other websites

1990 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Sportspeople from Ottawa
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Swedish Hockey League players
Sara Carracelas Garcia (born September 15, 1981 in Guipúzcoa) is a swimmer from Spain.  She has a disability: she has cerebral palsy and is an S2 type swimmer.  She works with computers. She started swimming when she was four years old.  She raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished first in the 50 meter backstroke and the 50 meter freestyle. She finished third in the 100 meter freestyle. She raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. She finished first in the 50 meter backstroke. She finished third in the 50 meter freestyle. She finished second in the 100 meter freestyle.  She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  She finished first in the 50 meter backstroke, the 50 meter freestyle and in the 100 meter freestyle. She raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished third in the 50 meter backstroke.  In 2010, she competed at the Tenerife International Open.

References
References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1981 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
People from Guipuzcoa
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S2
Christopher John "Chris" Tarrant (born 10 October 1946) is a British radio and television personality. He is best known as the presenter of the British version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. He presented the show from 1998 to 2014. He was born on 10 October 1946 in Reading, Berkshire, England. 

As the presenter of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, he was known for using catchphrases such as "But we don't want to give you that!" and "Is that your final answer?" during the show. "Is that your final answer?" was a catchphrase that became a part of the Millionaire franchise.

References

Other websites
Official website

British game show hosts
British radio personalities
People from Reading, Berkshire
Television personalities from Berkshire
1946 births
Living people
The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the third Junior Eurovision Song Contest for young singers aged 8 to 15. On 26 November 2005, the contest was held at the Ethias Arena in Hasselt, Belgium. It was broadcast live in a joint effort by the national broadcasters Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT) and Radio télévision belge de la communauté française (RTBF), together with the European Broadcasting Union. Belgium won the right to hold the contest over five other countries including Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) of Croatia and AVRO of the Netherlands. Marcel Vanthilt and Maureen Louys hosted the event.

Results

Voting structure
Televote 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points.
The presenters started off by giving all contestants 12 points.

Score sheet

12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points received:

 All countries were given 12 points at the start of voting. This is so no country gets zero points.

Commentators
Commentators

  - TBC
  - Jørgen de Mylius (DR1)
  - TBC
  - Leonard Miron (TVR1)
  - Michael Underwood (ITV2)
  - Nanne Grönvall & Shan Atci (SVT1)
  - Yuriy Nikolayev (Channel One)
  - TBC
  - Tooske Ragas (Nederland 1)
  - Duška Vučinić-Lučić & Mladen Popović (Serbian, RTS1)
  - Kārlis Streips & Valters Frīdenbergs
  - Ilse Van Hoecke & André Vermeulen (Eén), Jean-Louis Lahaye (La Une)
  - TBC
  - Stian Barsnes Simonsen (NRK1)
  - Beatriz Pécker (TVE1)
  - TBC
  - Timur Miroshnychenko

References

Other websites
 Official site
 Lyrics of Junior Eurovision 2005 entries at ESCKaz.com
 Belarus at JESC 2005, Eurovision-Belarus project

Artists' sites
Denis Dimoski Official site 
 Kseniya Sitnik's Official site
Nicolai Official Site 
Joni Fullers Official site
Thea & Friends Official Site 
Antonio José's Official Site
Vlad Krutskih & Street Magic Official site

2005 in Europe
2005 in music
2000s in Belgium
Junior Eurovision Song Contest
November events
The Neoarchaean (Neoarchean) is the last geological era in the Archaean eon. It began 2.8 billion years ago and ended 2.5 billion years ago. Before the Neoarchaean era was the Mesoarchaean era and before the Palaeoproterozoic.

Oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved in this era. This led to an oxygen catastrophe in the Palaeoproterozoic era. It was caused by a poisonous buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere. This was created by oxygen-producing photoautotrophs that evolved in the Neoarchaean. The supercontinent Kenorland formed during this period, about 2.7 billion years ago.

References

Eras
Archaean
The Mesoarchaean (Mesoarchean) is the third geological era in the Archaean eon. It began 3.2 billion years ago, and ended 2.8 billion years ago. Before the Mesoarchaean era was the Palaeoarchaean era. After the Mesoarchaean era was the Neoarchaean.

Fossils from Australia show that stromatolites have lived on Earth since the Mesoarchaean. The Pongola glaciation occurred 2.9 billion years ago. The first supercontinent Vaalbara broke up during this time, around 3.2 billion years ago. The second supercontinent Ur existed during this era, 3.1 billion years ago.

References

Eras
Archaean
The Palaeoarchaean (Paleoarchean) is the second geological era in the Archaean eon. It began 3.6 billion years ago and ended 3.2 billion years ago. Before it was the Eoarchaean and after it was the Mesoarchaean. 

The name comes from the Greek word palaios. Palaios means "ancient". The oldest fossil life forms are cyanobacteria found in strata 3.46 billion years old. These rocks are in Western Australia. 

The first supercontinent, Vaalbara, formed during this period.

References

Eras
Archaean
The "Bridal Chorus" is a piece of music from Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin (1850). Transcriptions of the piece for pipe organ or other instruments are sometimes used at western world weddings as the bride enters the wedding site. The piece is slow and solemn. It is sometimes called the Wedding March or the Bridal March.

Compositions by Richard Wagner
The Eoarchaean (Eoarchean) is the first geological era in the Archaean eon that began 4 billion years ago, and ended 3.6 billion years ago. Before it was the Hadean It is followed by the Palaeoarchaean. 

The Eoarchaean is the earliest period of geology after the solidification of Earth's crust. The abiotic origins of life (abiogenesis) have been dated to a time window from 4 to 3.6 billion years ago when atmospheric pressure values ranged from  100 to 10 bar.

Chronology 
It was formerly officially unnamed and usually referred to as the first part of the Early Archaean (now an obsolete name) together with the later Palaeoarchaean Era. It is the first part of the Archaean Eon, preceded by the Hadean Eon.

The Eoarchaean was followed by the Palaeoarchaean Era.

The name comes from two Greek words: eos (dawn) and archaios (ancient). The 1st supercontinent Vaalbara appeared around the end of this period around 3.6 billion years ago.
Geology
A characteristic of the Eoarchean is that Earth possessed a firm crust for the first time. However, this crust may have been incomplete at many sites and areas of lava may have existed at the surface. The beginning of the Eoarchaean is characterized by heavy asteroid bombardment within the inner solar system: the Late Heavy Bombardment. The Eoarchaean is the first phase of our planet from which solid rock formations survived. The largest is the Isua greenstone belt at the southwest coast of Greenland. It appeared during the Eoarchaean around 3.8 billion years ago. The Acasta Gneiss within the Canadian Shield have been dated to be 4.03 Ga and are therefore the oldest preserved rock formations. In 2008 another rock formation was discovered in the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in northern Québec in Canada which has been dated to be 4.28 Ga. These formations are presently under intense investigation.

Earth's oceans formed  3.8 billion years ago.

References

Eras
Archaean
James Edward Narz (February 26, 1927 – October 7, 2020), known professionally as Tom Kennedy, was an American television personality. He was best known for his work in game shows. He was the younger brother of game show host Jack Narz. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky.

Kennedy hosted many game shows over his lifetime. His most successful shows were You Don't Say! (aired on NBC from 1963-1969 and on ABC in 1975), Split Second (1972-1975), Name That Tune (1974-1981), and Password Plus (1980-1982; took over for original host Allen Ludden after Ludden's death). He also hosted other shows such as Whew! (1979-1980), Body Language (1984-1986), and a syndicated version of The Price is Right (1985-1986). He retired in 1989.

Kennedy died on October 7, 2020 in Oxnard, California at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2020 deaths
American game show hosts
Actors from Louisville, Kentucky
The term white flight represents large-scale migrations of White people from large cities around Europe and the United States starting in the mid 20th century. Those large cities were primarily in Midwestern States and Northeastern States: Whites relocated out of those regions and into Southeastern and Southwestern States like Arizona and Texas. Midwestern cities like Chicago, Detroit or St. Louis, however, lost population of many Whites since the mid 20th century.

Migration
History of the United States
The climate of California varies widely from desert to alpine depending on latitude, elevation and how close the area is to the coast. Most of the coastal and southern parts of the state have a Mediterranean climate with somewhat rainy winters and dry summers. The deserts in the south of the state have very hot summers and mild winters. Parts of the south have a semi-arid/steppe climate, for example San Diego.

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) averages from 1981-2010,  
California is the 13th warmest state in the United States with the average annual temperature of 58.4 °F (14.7 °C)
Northwest California has rainy cool winters and dry summers with temperatures in the summers in the upper 60s to the upper 70s. The Central Valley has a semi-arid climate with temperatures in the winter sometimes at nights fall below 30 °F (-1.1 °C) and at daytime rises above 80 °F (26.7 °C) with summers being from 80 °F (26.7 °C) to 100 °F (38 °C) at day. The desert areas in southern California has a hot and very dry climate with precipitation in some areas below 5 inches (127 mm) a year. Temperatures are mild in southern California's desert in the winter and temps can range from 60°F (15.5 °C) to 80°F (26.7 °C) at daytime with nights being chilly with temperatures ranging from 35°F (1.7 °C) to 50°F (10 °C). Temperatures are usually very hot during the day in desert places like Needles, San Bernardino and Palm Springs in the summer with daytime temperatures being from 105°F (40.5 °C) to 120°F (48°C) sometimes reaching above 120 °F (48 °C) and with nights being from 75°F (23.9 °C) to 90°F (32.2 °C)
.2 °C). The hottest place in the world is in the desert of California, Death Valley. Death Valley once had a temperature of 134 °F (56.7 °C) on July 10, 1913 although some meteorologists dispute this temperature reading.  The average annual temperature in Death Valley from 1981-2010 was 76.7 °F (24.8 °C) with an average July mean temperature of 101.8 °F (38.8 °C).
References

California
Cal
Jack Warden (John Warden Lebzelter; September 18, 1920 – July 19, 2006) was an American actor. He won an Emmy Award in 1976 for his role in Brian's Song. He also starred in the 1976 movie All the President's Men.

Warden was born on September 18, 1920 in Newark, New Jersey. He is of Dutch-Irish ancestry. Warden was raised in Louisville, Kentucky. He was married to Vanda Dupre from 1958 until his death in 2006. They had one son, Christopher. Warden died on July 19, 2006 from renal failure in New York City, New York, aged 85.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
Emmy Award winning actors
The SS4 () is a kind of AC-powered electric locomotive used in China. It was built by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works in 1985 and is still produced as of 2010. It also has an updated version: SS4G ().

Gallery

Other websites 

SS4 Electric locomotive for freight,CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive co.,ltd. 

Bo-Bo locomotives
Locomotives of China
Wallace Maynard Cox (December 6, 1924 – February 15, 1973) was an American comedian and actor.  He is known for being the voice of Underdog in the animated series Underdog. He is also known for his role in Mr. Peepers. He was close friends with actor Marlon Brando.

Cox was born on December 6, 1924 in Detroit, Michigan. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Cox studied at Denby High School, at the City College of New York, and at New York University. 

He was married to Marilyn Gennaro from 1954 until they divorced. Then he was married to Milagros Tirado from 1963 until they divorced in 1963. Then he was married to Patricia Tiernan from 1969 until his death in 1973. He had two children with Tirado.

Cox died on February 15, 1973 in Hollywood, California after suffering a heart attack, aged 48. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered at Death Valley and in Tahiti.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 YouTube Video of Wally Cox in Marilyn Monroe's last screen appearance
 
 
 A detailed Cox biography
 Watch Wally Cox in The Copper
 Marlon and Wally
  Retrieved on 2009-05-27

1924 births
1973 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
Actors from Detroit
Actors from Chicago
Actors from New York City
Comedians from Chicago
Comedians from New York City
Television personalities from Chicago
Television personalities from New York City
Ira Stadlen (January 16, 1924 – April 18, 2010) or Allen Swift, was an American actor and painter. He is known for playing Simon Bar Sinister and Riff-Raff on the Underdog cartoon show.

Biography
Swift was born on January 16, 1924 in New York City, New York. He was married to Lenore Loveman until his death in 2010. They had three children. Swift died on April 18, 2010 in New York City, New York from heart failure, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American painters
Actors from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
Eugene Merril "Gene" Deitch (August 8, 1924 – April 16, 2020) was an American illustrator, animator and film director. His movie Munro won an Academy Award for Animated Short Film in 1961. It was the first short made outside of the United States to receive an Oscar.

Deitch was born in Chicago, Illinois. He has three sons: Kim, Simon, and Seth. They are artists and writers for comics. Deitch was married to Zdenka Deitch.

Deitch died in Prague on April 16, 2020 of bowel obstruction, at the age of 95.

References

Other websites
Gene Deitch official site
The 65 Greats in my 65-year animation career 

Howdy Doody lost work 
"How to succeed in animation"  - a long teaching online book by Gene Deitch
Biography of Gene Deitch from the Cartoon Hall of Fame of ASIFA-Hollywood 

1924 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from bowel obstruction
American animators
American illustrators
Artists from Chicago
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Chicago
Benjamin Crowninshield "Ben" Bradlee (August 26, 1921 – October 21, 2014) was a vice president at-large of The Washington Post. He was executive editor of the Post from 1968 to 1991. He became a national figure during the presidency of Richard Nixon, when he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers and oversaw the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal.

Bradlee was born on August 26, 1921 in Boston, Massachusetts. He is of English descent. He studied at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and at Harvard University. Bradlee was married three times; two of the marriages ended in divorce. His last wife, Sally Quinn worked for the Washington Post. Bradlee had four children.
In late September 2014, Bradlee entered at hospice care in Washington, D.C. due to declining health as a result of Alzheimer's disease. He died on October 21, 2014, at the age of 93, at his home in Washington, D.C.. His funeral was held on October 29 at the Washington National Cathedral.

References

Other websites
Bill Green, Washington Post Ombudsman 19 April 1981
Website for Free Speech: Jim Lehrer with Ben Bradlee  19 June 2006
Interview  via kayotix.com from the BBC news programme Hardtalk 2 November 2006
Ben Bradlee in Dick 8 August 1999
illinois.edu
mediabistro.com 
philly.com
http://www.americanancestors.org/boston-cousins-of-queen-victoria-and-yankee-ancestors/
Booknotes interview with Bradlee on A Good Life: Newspapering and Other Adventures, October 29, 1995. 

1921 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American journalists
Writers from Boston
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Harry M. Rosenfeld (August 12, 1929 – July 16, 2021) was an American newspaper editor who was the editor in charge of local news at The Washington Post during the Watergate scandal. He was born in Berlin.

He oversaw the newspaper's coverage of Watergate and resisted efforts by the paper's national reporters to take over the story. Though Post editor-in-chief Benjamin C. Bradlee gets most of the credit, managing editor Howard Simons and Rosenfeld worked most closely with reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on developing the story.

Rosenfeld died on July 16, 2021, at his home in Slingerlands, New York from COVID-19 related problems, aged 91.

References

Other websites
Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward. All the President's Men. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974. ()
Katharine Graham.  Personal History.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.  .
Adrian Havill. Deep Truth: The Lives of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein.  New York:  Birch Lane Press, 1993.
1929 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American journalists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from New York City
Howard Simons (June 3, 1929 – June 13, 1989) was the managing editor of the Washington Post at the time of the Watergate scandal, and later curator of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University.

Simons was born on June 3, 1929 in Albany, New York. He studied at Union College. Simons died on June 13, 1989 from pancreatic cancer in Washington, D.C., aged 60.

Other websites
 Epstein, Noel. Howard Simons, Ex-Managing Editor of Post and Nieman Curator, Dies. Washington Post, June 14, 1989.
 Jones, Alex S. Howard Simons Dies at Age 60, an Ex-Editor at Washington Post. New York Times, June 14, 1989.

1929 births
1989 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
American journalists
Writers from New York (state)
People from Albany, New York
Edwin Thomas "Ed" Shaughnessy (January 9, 1929 – May 24, 2013) was an American singer of swing music, and bebop drummer who was associated with The Tonight Show Band that appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and grew up in New York City. Shaughnessy was married to Ilene Woods. He died on May 24, 2013, aged 84.

References

Deaths from myocardial infarction
Musicians from New Jersey
Singers from New York City
1929 births
2013 deaths
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
William Mark Felt, Sr. (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008) or W. Mark Felt was an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), who retired as the Bureau's Associate Director in 1973. After denying his involvement with reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein for 30 years, Felt revealed himself to be the Watergate scandal's whistleblower, "Deep Throat" on May 31, 2005.

Felt was born on August 17, 1913 in Twin Falls, Idaho. He studied at the University of Idaho. Felt was married to Audrey Robinson from 1938 until her death in 1984. They had two children. Felt died on December 18, 2008 in Santa Rosa, California from heart failure, aged 95.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Dohrn, Jennifer. "I Was The Target Of Illegal FBI Break-Ins Ordered by Mark Felt aka 'Deep Throat'"  (June 2, 2005). Democracy Now!
Dean, John W. Why The Revelation of the Identity Of Deep Throat Has Only Created Another Mystery (June 3, 2005). Findlaw (also see the extensive appendix, containing all of Woodward's references to "Deep Throat" in All The President's Men)
University of Idaho Alumni Hall of Fame (1972): W. Mark Felt 
AP Obituary in the San Francisco Chronicle

1913 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
FBI people
Lawyers from Idaho
Politicians from Idaho
Writers from Idaho
Thomas Nast (September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a German-American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who is considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon". He helped create Uncle Sam and the elephant symbol for the Republican Party and the donkey symbol for the Democratic Party. Targets included Tammany Hall.

Nast was born on September 27, 1840 in Landau, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Confederation. He spent his adulthood in New York City, New York. Nast began working for Harper's Weekly in 1859. He was married to Sarah Edwards from 1861 until his death in 1902. They had five children. Nast died on December 7, 1902 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from complications of a yellow fever, aged 62.

Other websites
Other websites

 Elections 1860-1912 as covered by Harper's Weekly; news, editorials, cartoons (many by Nast)
 Nast cartoons from Ohio State University 
 More work by Thomas Nast
 ThomasNast.com
 National History Day Project about Thomas Nast 
 Thomas Nast Civil War Pictures
 Thomas Nast Caricatures of the Civil War, Reconstruction, Santa Claus, Napoleon, Catholicism, Boss Tweed, Tammany Hall and more.
 
  The Thomas Nast Collection--Morristown & Morris Township Public Library, NJ 
 Thomas Nast on  History Buff.
 "Emancipation," a work by Thomas Nast from 1865 via the World Digital Library

1840 births
1902 deaths
American cartoonists
Deaths from infectious disease
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from New York City
Sir Mohamed "Mo" Muktar Jama Farah, ,  (born 23 March 1983) is a British middle and long-distance runner who holds the European record in the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres. 

Farah was born in Gabiley, Somalia (now part of Somaliland) He spent his early childhood living in Somaliland and Djibouti. He was illegally taken to the United Kingdom at age 9. He lives in both London and Portland, Oregon, US (United States). 

In the 2012 Olympics he won gold in the 10,000 metres and the 5,000 metres and in the 2011 World Championships, he won gold in the 5,000 meters and silver in the 10,000 meters. He won the 5,000 m and 10,000 m again at the 2012 World Championship in Moscow.

References

1983 births
Living people
2008 Summer Olympics
Black British sportspeople
British Olympic gold medalists
British middle-distance runners
British long-distance runners
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
People from Mogadishu
Somali sportspeople
Black gospel is a kind of Christian music that developed from Negro spirituals. 

Christian music
Afro-American religion
Australia's Next Top Model (also known as AuNTM or AusNTM) is an Australian reality television show that is produced and broadcasted by Fox8. The series is a spin-off of the popular America's Next Top Model. The show has currently 7 "cycles", but an eight is announced in July 9, 2013. The show is/was hosted by Sarah Murdoch, Jodhi Meares, Erika Heynatz and for the upcoming cycle the beauty queen, model and television personality Jennifer Hawkins.

Cycles

Notes

Top Model television series
Australian television
English-language television programs
Australia's Next Top Model, Cycle 7 is the seventh season of Australia's Next Top Model. It began airing on August 2011. This cycle includes 16 contestants. The winner was 17-year-old Montana Cox from Melbourne.

Contestants

	
Top 16 (Finalists)

Prizes
 A modeling contract with Chic Model Management
 A spread & cover in Harper's Bazaar
 A $20,000 cash prize by U By Kotex
 A brand New Ford Fiesta
 A trip to New York City to meet with NEXT Model Managment

Episodes
Episode 1
casting episode

Episode 2
Best: Rachel Riddell
Worst: Georgia Stensness, Lauren Middlin, Sarah Boulazeris, Shannon Gaitz & Simone Holtznagel 
Eliminated: Georgia Stensness, Lauren Middlin, Sarah Boulazeris & Shannon Gaitz 

Episode 3
Best: Yolanda Hodgson
Worst: Cassy Phillips-Sainsbury & Hazel O'Connell
Eliminated: Cassy Phillips-Sainsbury

Episode 4
Best: Liz Braithwaite
Worst: Tayah Lee-Traub & Alissandra Moone
Eliminated: Tayah Lee-Traub
Episode 5
Best: Montana Cox
Worst: Alissandra Moone, Annaliese McCann & Neo Yakuac
Eliminated: Alissandra Moone & Annaliese McCann

Episode 6
Best: Montana Cox
Worst/Eliminated: Caroline Austin & Neo Yakuac

Episode 7
Best: Rachel Riddell
Worst: Yolanda Hodgson, Jess Bush & Amelia Coutts
Eliminated: Yolanda Hodgson

Episode 8
Best: Simone Holtznagel
Worst: Liz Braithwaite, Jess Bush & Amelia Coutts
Eliminated: Jess Bush & Amelia Coutts

Episode 9
Best: Hazel O'Connell
Worst: Madeline Huett & Izzy Vesey
Eliminated: Madeline Huett

Episode 10
Best: Montana Cox
Worst/Eliminated: Izzy Vesey & Hazel O'Connell

Episode 11
Best: Montana Cox
Worst: Rachel Riddell & Simone Holtznagel
Eliminated: Rachel Riddell

Episode 12
recap episode

Episode 13
Best: Montana Cox
Worst: Liz Braithwaite & Simone Holtznagel
Eliminated: Simone Holtznagel

Final Two: Liz Braithwaite & Montana Cox
Winner: Montana Cox

Australian television
Top Model television series
Vito Andolini Corleone (born Vito Andolini in Corleone, Province of Palermo, Sicily, Italy) is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather and in Francis Ford Coppola's first two movies, where he was portrayed by Marlon Brando in The Godfather and, as a younger man, by Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II.

Other websites
 Vito Corleone on The Godfather Wiki

Fictional criminals
Movie characters
Morgan le Fay (, meaning "Morgan the Fairy"), also called Morgaine, Morgan or Morgana, is a powerful sorceress in the Arthurian legend. She was King Arthur’s half-sister and enemy. In some legends she is said to have borne Arthur's child, Mordred. 

Morgan le Fay is said to have been quite powerful. She hated King Arthur even though he was her half-brother. (She is also said to have wiped out most of the Templar Knights). She is one of the main antagonistss of the Grey Griffins book series.

References

Arthurian legend
The Buddhist calendar is a set of calendars used in Southeast Asia. It is based on the Hindu calendar.

Calendars
Calendar
Harvey Lembeck (15 April 1923 – 5 January 1982) was an American stage, movie, and television actor. He is famous for playing Cpl. Rocco Barbella on The Phil Silvers Show (aka Sgt. Bilko) in the late 1950s, and the clumsy biker gang leader in the American International Pictures (AIP) beach party movies of the 1960s starring Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon. He made other appearances on television including two on The Donna Reed Show. On stage, he appeared in Stalag 17 (472 performances), and as Sancho Panza on Broadway and in the first national company of Man of La Mancha.

American stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
1923 births
1982 deaths
A beach movie or beach party movie is a movie genre. The genre was popular in the late 1950s. It flourished during the early 1960s. The genre was launched in 1959 with Gidget starring Sandra Dee, and came to an end in 1967 with Catalina Caper featuring Tommy Kirk and Little Richard. This movie is generally thought to be the "last gasp" of the genre, the final beach-themed movie. 

Beach movies are about happy-go-lucky teenagers frolicking on the sun-drenched beaches of California and Hawaii. Genre elements include girlfriend/boyfriend relationships, motorcycles, cars, food, muscles, bikinis, rock and roll, surf music and surfing. Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon set the pace for the genre as teen sweethearts in a string of seven beach movies from AIP. 
 
Movie genres
Miriam [ mir-ee-uhm ] is a female given name. Miriam is a name that boasts a fascinating history and significance, while also being aesthetically pleasing. Its popularity spans centuries and it remains prevalent in modern times. The name evokes connotations of power, elegance, and attractiveness. Originating from Hebrew, the name Miriam translates to "wished-for child" or "bitterness." This is derived from the Hebrew word "mar," meaning "bitter." In accordance with biblical accounts, Miriam served as an influential figure and played the role of an older sister to both Moses and Aaron. She was also regarded as a prophetess and a key leader for the Israelites during their pilgrimage through the desert. This name was ranked #261 on the US Popular Names in 2021. 

According to the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament, Miriam was the older sister of Moses. She was a prophet and first appears in the Book of Exodus.

People
People 

 Miriam Margolyes, English actress
 Miriam Makeba, South African singer and civil rights activist (1932–2008)
 Miriam Akavia, Polish-born Israeli writer and translator, a Holocaust survivor, and the president of the Platform for Jewish-Polish Dialogue

References

Given names
Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
Officially, Vietnam is an atheist state. Despite this, many of its citizens are religious. The three main religions in Vietnam are Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Sometimes, they are grouped together as one religion called the three teachings or tam giáo. According to many studies, 70-90% of Vietnamese people are tam giáo. 8% are Christians (mostly Roman Catholic) and 1-2% practice indigenous, animist religions including Hinduism. About 1% are not religious but have a strong Buddhist influence in their life.

Despite strong links in the older adult population, the younger population of Vietnam is quite different, with low numbers of young people believing religious ideas. The religious ideas that don't fit state thinking aren't emphasised.