Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Mrs. Penelope Puff is a pufferfish who is SpongeBob's teacher at the underwater driving school, Mrs. Puff's Boating School. She is old, patient, and easily scared. She wears a blue sailor hat and a yellow wig. SpongeBob really wants to pass Mrs. Puff's class, but he always fails his driving test. She is voiced by Mary Jo Catlett.
 Pearl Krabs is a big gray whale with blonde hair who is the daughter of Mr. Krabs. She is sixteen years old and has a job at the Bikini Bottom Mall. When she grows up, Mr. Krabs (Daddy) will give his restaurant and his money to her. She usually wears a pink cheerleading dress. She is voiced by Lori Alan.
 Gary the Snail is SpongeBob's pet snail who lives with him in their pineapple house. He meows and acts like a cat. He cannot talk, but SpongeBob can understand him. Gary is usually shown to be very smart. He is voiced by Tom Kenny.
Recurring characters
 Patchy is a pirate who hosts special episodes of the show. He thinks SpongeBob is a real person and not a cartoon character. He dreams to meet SpongeBob one day and collects lots of SpongeBob toys. He is played by SpongeBob's voice actor Tom Kenny.
 Potty is Patchy's pet parrot, who is shown as a poorly-made puppet on strings. Potty is annoying and sometimes mean to Patchy, but is loyal and always stays by Patchy's side. Potty was voiced by Stephen Hillenburg from 2000 to 2004, by Paul Tibbitt from 2005 to 2012, and by Mr. Lawrence since 2017.
 The French Narrator is the show's narrator. He is a scuba diver with a French accent who talks to the viewers at the beginnings and endings of many episodes. He also narrates the time cards. He is voiced by Tom Kenny doing an impression of the filmmaker Jacques Cousteau.
 Mermaid Man is an elderly superhero dressed as a mermaid to protect the Bikini Bottom. He also has a bad memory. He was voiced by Ernest Borgnine.
Barnacle Boy is Mermaid Man's sidekick. He is dressed in navy clothing. He is tired of people calling him "boy" because he is a senior citizen. He was voiced by Tim Conway.
 The Flying Dutchman is a green ghost who owns a pirate ship and haunts the ocean. He can get irritated easily and likes to scare people. He lives in a cave that contains Davy Jones' locker. He is voiced by Brian Doyle-Murray.
 King Neptune is a merman god who rules the ocean. His name is said by the characters in place of God's in exclamations. He carries a trident and lives in the underwater city of Atlantis. He is voiced by John O'Hurley in the TV episodes and by Jeffrey Tambor in the first movie.
 The Realistic Fish Head is a tuna who works as a news reporter and announcer. He looks like a realistic cutout of a fish head. He is voiced by Mr. Lawrence.
 Perch Perkins is a famous news anchor. He is usually seen with a microphone, a headset, and a camera crew. He is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
Larry the Lobster is a strong lobster who works at a beach called Goo Lagoon. He is a lifeguard. He is voiced by Mr. Lawrence in "Ripped Pants" and later appearances, and by Bill Fagerbakke for one line in "MuscleBob BuffPants."
 Fred is a fish who is usually brown or blue. He is known for shouting "MY LEG!" whenever there is destruction. He is voiced by Mr. Lawrence.
 Harold and Margaret SquarePants are SpongeBob's parents, who live out of town. They are voiced by Tom Kenny and Sirena Irwin.
 Grandma SquarePants is SpongeBob's grandmother. She treats him like a young child and likes to bake cookies. She is voiced by Marion Ross.
 Squilliam Fancyson is Squidward's rival from high school band class. He is a rich octopus with a unibrow. He is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
 Betsy Krabs is Mr. Krabs' mother and Pearl's grandmother. She lives in a pink anchor. She was voiced by Paul Tibbitt in her first two appearances and later by Sirena Irwin.
Jellyfish are characters that are mostly seen at their natural habitat, a grassy meadow called Jellyfish Fields. They are usually pink and sting people.
Minor characters
 Bubble Bass is a fat bass fish with glasses who was SpongeBob's enemy in the first season. He later returned as a background character in season eight, he is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
 Harold is a blue fish with a shark-like back fin and spiky teeth. He most often wears a red speedo and a white shirt. He has a tendency to start arguments or trouble, he is voiced by Mr. Lawrence.
 Scooter is a purple fish who likes to surf at Goo Lagoon. He usually wears swim trunks. He is voiced by Carlos Alazraqui.
 Tom is a brown-green fish who is usually angry and yells a lot. He is voiced by Mr. Lawrence.
 Nat Peterson is a yellow fish with a purple back fin. He had an important role in "Plankton's Regular" where Karen paid him to become the Chum Bucket's first regular customer, he is voiced by Tom Kenny.
Norma Rechid is an orange fish with a purple dress, she is usually nice & happy, but sometimes joins the other fish in a riot, she is voiced by Carolyn Lawrence.
Sandals is a light olive-green fish who is stupid, he is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. 
 Old Man Jenkins/Walker is a senior citizen with poor eyesight and a bad memory. He thinks SpongeBob is a talking cereal box.
 The Captain is a painting of a pirate who sings the opening theme song. He is voiced by Patrick Pinney.
Frank is a red-orange fish with a light blue top.
Shelly Fishbowl is a light olive green fish with a lavender colored dress.
Mable-Monica is a light olive green anchovy with a light teal dress with a light yellow and pink necklace and black shoes.
Lenny is a light blue fish with blue pants, black shoes, a white coat, a red tie, and a black hat.
Thaddeus is a light olive green fish with a yellow-orange shirt.
Miss Rechid is a blue fish with a light purple dress and matching leg bands.
Susie Rechid is a dark tan-colored fish with a pink skirt.
Evelyn is a dark pink fish with a red skirt, red bra, and black shoes.
Frankie Billy is an light olive fish with blue pants and a black belt with a silver belt buckle.
Ivy is a brownish-gray fish with light blue pants and a black belt with a golden belt buckle on it.
Abigail Marge is an aqua-blue fish with a purple dress and black shoes.
Shubie is a red-pink fish with a light teal skirt and light teal bra.
Nazz-Mimi is a light emerald-green fish with a red bathing suit.
Tina Fran is a light pink and light red fish with a light blue/teal dress and skirt.
Bubble Zoo Animals is a Bubble Animals. he is voiced by Dan Castellaneta, Tara Strong, Jim Henson, Susanne Blakeslee, Tony Anselmo, Kath Soucie and Bill Farmer. 
Nancy Suzy is a gray-white haired minnow with a mustard yellow dress.
References 

 
Lists of television characters
Grace Under Fire was an American television sitcom which aired on ABC between 1993 and 1998. It was part of a wave of 1980s-1990s television shows built around a comedian. Brett Butler starred as Grace, a divorced single mother with three children. This was the highest rated new show for its first season. It was distributed through the Carsey-Werner Company.

1990s television series
1990s American sitcoms
English-language television programs
ABC network series
The article about the Muse album can be found at Absolution (album)
Absolution is the name of a sacrament of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran churches. Using absolution, a priest or the church can forgive a sin, after confession. 

Christian theology
Petrified wood (from the Greek root Petro meaning "rock" or "stone"; literally "wood turned into stone") is the name given to a special type of fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. It is the result of a tree having turned completely into stone by the process of per mineralization. All the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (most often a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original structure of the wood. Unlike other types of fossils which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three dimensional representation of the original organic material.

The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried under sediment and is initially preserved due to a lack of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition.

Fossils
Dolores Claiborne is a 1995 American crime drama movie set in Maine. Kathy Bates plays the title character. Also starring in the movie is Jennifer Jason Leigh, who plays her daughter. Dolores is accused of murdering her employer, an elderly woman. Dolores is also accused of murdering her husband. He was a violent alcoholic sexually abusing her daughter.

This movie is based on Stephen King's novel of the same name.

Other websites 

1995 crime drama movies
1995 mystery movies
American crime drama movies
American mystery movies
1990s English-language movies
Incest in movies
Movies about domestic violence
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies based on books
Movies set in Maine
Christian René Marie Joseph, Viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Belgian biochemist. He was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey and grew up in Antwerp, Belgium. 

Duve won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He discovered two cell organelles, lysosomes and peroxisomes. He described them, and was the first to investigate their functions. Duve shared the Nobel prize with Albert Claude and George E. Palade.

De Duve died in Grez-Doiceau, Belgium, on 4 May 2013, when he asked that his life be ended through euthanasia.

References

1917 births
2013 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian biologists
Belgian chemists
Belgian Nobel Prize winners
Biochemists
Deaths by euthanasia
People from Antwerp
Corvus is a small constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for raven or crow. It has only 11 stars that can be seen without a telescope. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. However, he only included 7 stars. Corvus is one of the 88 modern constellations.

Special  features

Stars
Four principal stars, δ, γ, ε, and β Crv, make a group of stars called "Spica's Spanker" or "the Sail".

31 Crateris (which was originally numbered in Crater) is a 5.2 magnitude star which was once mistaken for a moon of Mercury.

Deep sky objects
Corvus has no Messier objects.

The Antennae galaxies are made up of two galaxies that are colliding, NGC 4038 and NGC 4039. It has a heart shape as seen from Earth. The name name comes from the huge tidal tails that come off the ends of the two galaxies.

There is a planetary nebula NGC 4361 at the center of Corvus.  The nebula looks like a small elliptical galaxy, but it is not. The center star is only magnitude 13, so it cannot be a large galaxy.

Mythology
Mythology

The story of Corvus is related to two other constellation, Crater and Hydra.

Once the crow had beautiful silver or snowy white feathers and could speak to humans. The crow was a very special bird for the god Apollo. When Apollo's lover Coronis was pregnant, Apollo told the raven to watch over her. Coronis slowly lost interest in Apollo and was attracted to a human. The crow had been spying on her secretly. He told Apollo that Coronis had a new lover. Apollo was so angry that he turned the loyal raven's feathers black and took away the bird's ability to speak. Coronis was killed by Apollo's twin sister Artemis. The child of Coronis and Apollo lived. He then became Asclepius, the god of medicine and healing.
In another story, Apollo sent his raven to get some water in the god's cup called the Crater. The raven waited for some figs to become ripe and ate them. He came back very late with a water snake called a Hydra and the water in the cup. The foolish raven said he was late because of the water snake. Apollo was not tricked. He put the raven in the sky along with the water snake and the cup. The snake stops the thirsty raven from getting to the water in the cup. The raven can see the water, just out of reach.

Origins
Corvus is similar to the Babylonian raven (MUL.UGA.MUSHEN). The Babylonians also put the raven sitting on the tail of a snake. The Babylonian constellation was special to the god Adad. Adad was the god of rain and storms. In the time of the Babylonians, the constellation would have risen just before the start of the autum rainy season.

Notes
Notes

References
Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .
Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Legend, New York, Dover.
Thomas Wm. Hamilton, Useful Star Names, Viewlex, Holbrook, New York, 1968.

Other websites
Hawaiian Astronomical Society
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Constellations of Words
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Corvus
Star Tales – Corvus and Crater

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Eric Richard Kandel (born 7 November 1929) is an American neuropsychiatrist of Jewish descent. He was a professor of biochemistry and biophysics.

He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1999, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for describing the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. Kandel shared the Nobel Prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.

Kandel was born in Vienna. He migrated to Brooklyn, New York City in 1939, the year after the Anschluss when Austria was made part of Nazi Germany. In 1956, he married sociologist Denise Kandel. They have two children.

References
References

1929 births
Living people
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Austrian Jews
American biophysicists
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Wolf Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American neuroscientists
New York University alumni
Scientists from Vienna
Austrian psychiatrists
American psychiatrists
American psychoanalysts
Refugees from Nazism
Scientists from Brooklyn
Austrian Nobel Prize winners
Austrian biologists
Educators from New York City
Dwayne "D. J." King (born June 27, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the St. Louis Blues and the Washington Capitals.

Before playing in the NHL, King played 4 seasons in the Western Hockey League; 3 seasons with the Lethbridge Hurricanes and 1 season with the Kelowna Rockets. He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 190th overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.

King is of Métis heritage. He has a younger brother named Dwight, that plays for the Los Angeles Kings.

References

Other websites
 
 

1984 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Lethbridge Hurricanes players
Peoria Rivermen (AHL) players
St. Louis Blues players
Washington Capitals players
Worcester IceCats players
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
Memorial Cup winners
Fallout is the left over radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion. The name is because radioactive material "falls out" of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion. These materials continue to undergo radioactive decay for minutes, days or centuries. "Fallout" commonly refers to the radioactive dust created when a nuclear weapon explodes. All nuclear explosions make fission products, which are the broken, radioactive atoms from a fission reaction. Neutrons from the explosion also make some nearby materials radioactive. 

There was also radioactive fallout after a part of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl exploded. The fallout caused serious contamination over an area including Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Scandinavia and some parts of Europe. All people living in an area of 30 kilometres radius around the power plant were forced to move because of the fallout with villages and towns being abandoned.

References

Nuclear weapons
Nuclear energy
Cast 
 Owen Wilson as Bob "Drillbit" Taylor
 Nate Hartley as Wade
 Troy Gentile as Ryan Anderson
 David Dorfman as Emmit Oosterhaus
 Alex Frost as Terry Filkins
 Josh Peck as Ronnie Lampenelli
 Leslie Mann as Lisa Zachey
 Danny R. McBride as Don Armstrong
 Stephen Root as Principal Neville Doppler
 Ian Roberts as Jim
 Lisa Lampanelli as Mrs. Lampanelli
 Lisa Ann Walter as Delores Anderson
 Hynden Walch as Mrs. Oosterhaus
 Valerie Tian as Brooke Nguyen
 David Bowe as the male teacher.
 Beth Littleford as Barbara Drennan
 Steve Bannos as Coffee Computer Guy
 Chuck Liddell as Himself
 Robert Allen Mukes as Bonecrusher
 Adam Baldwin as Ricky Linderman
 Cedric Yarbrough as Bernie Hodge
 Tichina Arnold as Photography teacher
 Kevin Hart as Pawn Shop Guy 1
 Matt Besser as Pawn Shop Guy 2
 David Koechner  as Frightened Dad (unrated version)
 Shaun Weiss as the Bus Driver

Other websites 
Official website 

2008 movies
2008 comedy movies
The canary (Serinus canaria), also called the island canary, Atlantic canary or common canary, is a small passerine bird. It belongs to the genus Serinus in the finch family. It is native to the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Madeira. Wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back. The species is common in captivity. Different colour varieties have been bred. Canaries are domestic birds. They are popular pets. 

Nesting
Canary nests are small and cup-shaped, and the birds build them several feet off the ground in a shrub or a tree. Both members of the pair build the nest, usually with a variety of twigs, sticks, grasses, and more. Females lay an average of three or four eggs per clutch.

Finches
Cars 2 is a 2011 movie made by Pixar. It was directed by John Lasseter and produced by Denise Ream. It is a sequel to the 2006 comedy movie Cars and it was released on June 24, 2011. The teaser trailer for Cars 2 appeared on the DVD and Blu-ray versions of Toy Story 3 and the full length trailer was shown before the movie Tangled. In the Cars trilogy, this movie was followed by Cars 3, which was released in June 16, 2017.

Plot
Lightning McQueen competes in the first-ever World Grand Prix which determines the world's fastest car. Each race is held at a different part of the world: first in Tokyo, second in Italy, and third in London. Meanwhile, the Lemons are secretly trying to destroy the World Grand Prix racers, and Mater finds himself helping secret agents Finn McMissile and Holley Shiftwell in stopping them.

Cast
Cast 

 Owen Wilson as Lightning McQueen
 Larry the Cable Guy as Mater
 Michael Caine  as Finn McMissile
 Emily Mortimer as Holley Shiftwell
 Jason Isaacs as Siddeley
 Thomas Kretschmann as Professor Zündapp
 Joe Mantegna as Grem
 Peter Jacobson as Acer
 Tony Shalhoub as Luigi
 Guido Quaroni as Guido
 Lloyd Sherr  as Fillmore (replacing George Carlin after his death in 2008) and Tony Trihull
 Paul Dooley as Sarge
 John Ratzenberger as Mack
 Brent Musburger as Brent Mustangburger
 Darrell Waltrip as Darrel Cartrip
 David Hobbs as David Hobbscap
 John Turturro as Francesco Bernoulli
 Eddie Izzard as Miles Axelrod
 John Lasseter as John Lassetire
 Franco Nero as Uncle Topolino
 Vanessa Redgrave as Mama Topolino
 Bonnie Hunt as Sally Carrera
 Cheech Marin as Ramone
 Jenifer Lewis as Flo
 Michael Wallis as Sheriff
 Katherine Helmond as Lizzy
Characters
Finn McMissile, Holley Shiftwell, Francesco Bernoulli, Sir Miles Axlerod, and Professor Z. are five new characters which have important roles in Cars 2. Finn McMissile is a British secret agent, and is expert with spy gadgets, while Holley Shiftwell acts as Finn's sidekick. Francesco Bernoulli is a flashy Italian race car, and is McQueen's racing rival in the World Grand Prix. Sir Miles Axlerod is the creator of the World Grand Prix, which is a publicity stunt for a new alternative fuel source, while Professor Z. is the leader of the Lemons, an evil corporation in charge of all the oil and fossil fuels in the world that is planning to sabotage the World Grand Prix to make alternative fuel look bad.

Release Dates

References

Other websites 
 Cars 2 at disney.com
 

2011 comedy movies
2011 animated movies
American comedy movies
Cars (franchise)
Pixar movies
Movies composed by Michael Giacchino
Movies about automobiles
Movies set in London
Movies set in Japan
Movies directed by John Lasseter
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi () was born 30 July 1947 in Paris, France. She studied biochemistry at the University of Paris. Later, she graduated from the Pasteur Institute with a Ph.D in virology. She is a French virologist. She won the Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in 2008 after she discovered the pathogen of AIDS. AIDS had been discovered before the discovery of the pathogen. AIDS is a more developed version of HIV. She discovered HIV with Luc Montagnier. AIDs was a dangerous disease and because she discovered it, the population of people with AIDS decreased.  She shared the Noble prize with  Luc Montagnier (a French virologist) and Harald zur Hausen (A German virologist) They both helped her discover the pathogen of AIDS. She also contributed to the development of a blood screening for AIDS which helped many people discover that they had AIDS. She is currently 75 years old.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1947 births
Living people
French academics
French biologists
French Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Paris
Virologists
Parliamentary opposition is a political position. It is a type of opposition to the government. It is usually used in countries that use the Westminster system of parliament. Parties that have second-most seats usually make up the opposition. They are called the "Official Opposition" sometimes. Examples of countries with an Official Opposition are Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

Related pages
 Leader of the Opposition

Parliamentary procedure
Flowering plant sexuality describes some of the technical terms for common arrangements of flowers.

Flowers 
Terms for the sexuality of individual flowers:
 Perfect flowers have both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive structures. They include stamens and an ovary. Flowers that contain both androecium and gynoecium are called hermaphroditic. Examples of plants with perfect or bisexual flowers include the lily, rose, and most plants with large showy flowers. A complete flower is a perfect flower with petals and sepals.
 Unisexual: Reproductive structure that is either functionally male or functionally female. In angiosperms this condition is also called imperfect, or incomplete.

Individual plants 

Many plants have complete flowers with both male and female parts, others only have male or female parts, and still other plants have flowers on the same plant that are a mix of male and female flowers.
Some plants even have mixes that include all three types of flowers, where some flowers are only male, some are only female and some are both male and female.

A distinction needs to be made between arrangements in single plants versus the larger plant population.

Some plants also undergo what is called sex-switching, like Arisaema triphyllum which express sexual differences at different stages of growth. In some arums smaller plants produce all or mostly male flowers and as plants grow larger over the years the male flowers are replaced by more female flowers on the same plant. Arisaema triphyllum thus covers a multitude of sexual conditions in its lifetime; from nonsexual juvenile plants to young plants that are all male, as plants grow larger they have a mix of both male and female flowers, to large plants that have mostly female flowers.
Other plant populations have plants that produce more male flowers early in the year and as plants bloom later in the growing season they produce more female flowers. In plants like Thalictrum dioicum all the plants in the species are either male or female.
Specific terms are used to describe the sexual expression of individual plants within a population.
 Hermaphrodite, a plant that has only bisexual reproductive units (flowers, conifer cones, or functionally equivalent structures). In angiosperm terminology a synonym is monoclinous from the Greek "one bed".
 Monoecious, an individual that has both male and female reproductive units (flowers, conifer cones, or functionally equivalent structures) on the same plant; from Greek for "one household". Individuals bearing separate flowers of both sexes at the same time are called simultaneously or synchronously monoecious. Individuals that bear flowers of one sex at one time are called consecutively monoecious; plants may first have single sexed flowers and then later have flowers of the other sex. Protoandrous describes individuals that function first as males and then change to females; protogynous describes individuals that function first as females and then change to males.
Dioecious refers to a plant population having separate male and female plants. That is, no individual plant of the population produces both microgametophytes (pollen) and megagametophytes (ovules); individual plants are either male or female. From Greek for "two households". Individual plants are not called dioecious; they are either gynoecious (female plants) or androecious (male plants).
 Androecious, plants producing male flowers only, produce pollen but no seeds, the male plants of a dioecious population.
 Gynoecious, plants producing female flowers only, produces seeds but no pollen, the female of a dioecious population. In some plant populations, all individuals are gynoecious with non sexual reproduction used to produce the next generation.
 Polygamy, plants with male, female, and perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers on the same plant. A polygamous inflorescence has both unisexual and bisexual flowers.
Related pages 
 Alternation of generations

References 

 
Biological reproduction
Mean Streets is a 1973 American crime drama movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It is set in New York City and stars Harvey Keitel and Robert De Niro. This movie was released by Warner Bros. on October 2, 1973. It received mostly positive reviews from movie critics.

Other websites 

1973 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
1970s English-language movies
American gangster movies
Mafia
Movies directed by Martin Scorsese
Movies set in New York City
United States National Film Registry movies
Warner Bros. movies
Aaron Sherritt (August 1854 - 26 June 1880) was a close friend of Joe Byrne and later Ned Kelly. His murder in 1880 was the first of the actions that led to the Kelly Gang's final shoot out with the police at Glenrowan.

Sherritt lived about three miles from Byrne, in the Woolshed Valley, near Beechworth, Victoria. He went to school with Byrne, and in 1876 were sent to prison for stealing meat. Soon after being let out of prison, Sherritt and Byrne were sent back again. They had fought with Chinese man who had tried to stop them from swimming in his dam. In 1878 Byrne was said to be engaged to Sherritt's sister. He had a reputation for being tough; at times he would sleep out in the open at night.
After the Kelly Gang robbed the bank at Jerilderie, New South Wales, they disappeared for 18 months. In January 1879, Sherritt went to the police station at Benalla and gave them information about where the Kelly Gang was hiding, and what they were going to do next. He was paid £2 for the information. Sherritt helped the police find a cave from where they could watch Byrne's mother's house. He was interested in Byrne's sister, Kate. The police told Sherritt that they would not kill Byrne. When the police in the cave were found out, Sherritt then tried to get close to Ned Kelly's younger sister, Kate Kelly. He showed the police a place from where they could watch the Kelly house, but this was soon discovered. Sherritt sold Kate Kelly a horse he had stolen from Kate Byrne. When Ned Kelly's older sister, Maggie Skillion, found out she reported it to the police. It went to court, but the case against Sherritt was dropped because the police said that the Byrnes and the Kellys were criminals and not to be trusted
. Byrne's mother said she thought the whole thing was a trick by the police to get the Kelly Gang to come out of hiding.
Late at night on 26 June 1880, Joe Byrne and Dan Kelly went to Sherritt's house at Sebastopol. Sherritt and his family were being guarded by four policemen who were living at the house. When Sherritt opened the door, he was shot dead by Joe Byrne. The police did not come out of the house and remained there until the next day. Byrne and Kelly left Sebastopol and rode across country to Glenrowan. They knew the police would send a large group by train to Beechworth to try and capture them. Ned Kelly and Steve Hart had gone to Glenrowan earlier and had pulled up the train tracks. They had planned on the police sending the train to Beechworth during the night. The plan failed when the police at Sherritt's house did not report the murder until midday.

References

1855 births
1880 deaths
Ned Kelly
People from Victoria (Australia)
Murder victims
Australian crime victims
The Parliament of Victoria is a bicameral legislature that makes the laws for the state of Victoria, Australia. Its two houses are a lower house the Legislative Assembly, and an upper house, the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly has 88 members, and the Legislative Council has 40 members. The political party with the most members in the lower house forms the government, and is led by the Premier of Victoria. In 2014, the Labor Party won the November election, and its leader, Daniel Andrews, became the Premier. The third part of the Parliament is the Crown, Queen Elizabeth II. She is represented in Victoria by the Governor of Victoria. The current governor is Professor David de Kretser, A.C.

The parliament meets at Parliament House in Spring Street, Melbourne. This building was also the home of the Parliament of Australia from 1901 to 1927.

References

Victoria, Australia
Victoria
Victoria
Victoria
The Victorian Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria.

References

 
Parliament of Victoria
Victoria
1856 establishments in Australia
Rita Levi-Montalcini (22 April 1909 - 30 December 2012) was an Italian neurologist.  She won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her discovery of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She shared the Nobel Prize with Stanley Cohen with whom she made the discovery.

She was the first Nobel Prize winner to have reached 103 years of age.

Levi-Montalcini was the third of four children. Her parents were Adamo Levi and Adele Montalcini. She was born on April 22, 1909, in Turin, Italy. Her father wanted her to attend a high school which prepared girls for marriage, but Levi-Montalcini did not want to have children. Although she wanted to go to a university, her parents did not support that idea. Three years later, her governess (nanny) got cancer. This inspired her decision to become a doctor.
She applied for the Turin School of Medicine in 1930. She was accepted, and she studied the nervous system, which is the system of the human brain, spinal cord, and nerves. She graduated from school in 1936 and became a research assistant. In 1942, Levi-Montalcini experimented on chicken embryos to study how cells were made.

A neuron bryologist (a person who studies the nervous system in embryos) named Viktor Hamburger contacted her in 1946, inviting her to fill a visiting research position at Washington University.
Levi-Montalcini was famous for her research on cell growth. Her first experiments were done in a small laboratory in her house. This was because she was Jewish when Italy was ruled by a dictator called Mussolini (1883-1945). Mussolini would not allow Jews to have a serious job. Since Levi-Montalcini was in great danger from Germans, she fled to Florence and was in hiding until their departure. Levi-Montalcini was allowed to experiment in better laboratories after World War II. From 1944 to 1945 Levi-Montalcini cared for war refugees after becoming medicine doctor.

In the 1950s, she found a protein in the human nervous system, that she later named the  NGF. She worked with Biochemist Stanley Cohen at Washington University, who was able to find the chemical structure of NGF and produce NGF antibodies. Levi-Montalcini's and Cohen's work was noticed in 1986 when they were awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. Levi-Montalcini was the fourth woman to win the Nobel Prize.
Related pages
List of biologists

References

Bibliography
Levi-Montalcini, Rita 1988. In praise of imperfection: my life and work. Basic Books, New York.

1909 births
2012 deaths
Italian biologists
Italian centenarians
Italian Jews
Italian Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish scientists
Neurologists
People from Turin
The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy-drama movie. It is about baby boomer friends reuniting after 15 years due to a friend's suicide. This movie stars Tom Berenger, Glenn Close and Mary Kay Place. It was filmed in Beaufort, South Carolina and set in South Carolina.

Other websites 

1983 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in South Carolina
Suicide in fiction
Movies directed by Lawrence Kasdan
Columbia Pictures movies
Nathan Joel Marquardt (born April 20, 1979 in Lander, Wyoming) is an American mixed martial artist. He currently fights for the UFC in the middleweight division and fights out of Denver, Colorado. Marquardt holds a second black belt in both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Jujutsu. His current record is 32 wins, 10 losses and 2 draws.

Other websites
Nate Marquardt's Official website

Sportspeople from Wyoming
Freemont County, Wyoming
American mixed martial artists
1979 births
Living people
The Painted Veil is a 2006 romantic drama movie that was directed by John Curran. It was based on the 1925 novel with the same name. This is the third movie version of the novel the first in 1934 and the second in 1957 called The Seventh Sin. This movie won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score in 2006.

Cast 
 Edward Norton as Walter Fane
 Naomi Watts as Kitty Garstin Fane
 Toby Jones as Waddington
 Diana Rigg as Mother Superior
 Anthony Wong Chau Sang as Colonel Yu
 Sally Hawkins as Mary
 Liev Schreiber as Charles Townsend

Other websites 
Official website 

2006 romantic drama movies
Adultery in movies
American romantic drama movies
Chinese movies
2000s English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Venice
Movies set in London
Movies set in the 1920s
Shanghai
Victoria Police provides police services to the people of Victoria, Australia. It employs more than 13,800 people and has 339 police stations.

Victoria Police started in the 1850s. One of their early jobs was to collect licence fees from miners searching for gold. In 1854 the miners at Ballarat refused to pay the fee and built a defensive fort, known as the Eureka Stockade. A military force of the British Army and 94 policemen attacked the stockade. About 30 miners and four soldiers were killed.

References

Victoria, Australia
Law enforcement agencies
Law enforcement in Australia
Government agencies of Australia
1850s establishments in Australia
Timothy Leif "T. J." Oshie, Jr. (born December 23, 1986 in Mount Vernon, Washington) is an American professional ice hockey center and right winger that currently plays for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 24th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Draft.

He played ice hockey in college at University of North Dakota with the Fighting Sioux.

References

Other websites
T. J. Oshie's Official website 
 
 

1986 births
Living people
American ice hockey centers
Sportspeople from Washington (state)
St. Louis Blues players
Washington Capitals players
United States Hockey League players
In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an important issue.  They have been held in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya and Saudi Arabia.  In Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, they are called a Commission of Enquiry or Commission of Inquiry.

A Royal Commissioner has a lot of power, more than those of a judge but these are limited to the "Terms of Reference" of the Commission. The Commission is created by the Head of State (the Sovereign, or his/her representative in the form of a Governor-General or Governor) on the advice of the Government. In practice–unlike other forms of inquiry–once a Commission has started the government cannot stop it. Because of this governments are usually very careful about framing the Terms of Reference and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.
Royal Commissions are called to look into very important matters and usually controversy. For example, these can be about government structure, the treatment of minorities, or the events that had received concern from the public or economic questions.

Many Royal Commissions last many years and, often, a different government is left to respond to the findings. In Australia–and particularly New South Wales–Royal Commissions have been investigations into police and government corruption and organised crime. They have used the powers of the Royal Commissioner to force  powerful, but corrupt, public officials to tell the truth.

Royal Commissions are usually run by one or more notable figures. Because of their legal powers the Commissioners are often retired senior judges.
Royal Commissions usually research issues, consult with experts both within and outside of government and the public as well. They can call witnesses under oath, offer indemnities, seize documents and other evidence (sometimes including those normally protected, such as classified information), holding hearings in camera, and can force all government officials to help the Commission.
The results of Royal Commissions are published in, often, massive reports of findings containing policy recommendations. They often have long and complex names, for example, the "Royal commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer". Because of this they are commonly known by the name of the main Commissioner.  These reports are often quite important, with the government making some or all recommendations into law. The work of some Commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government. In other cases, where the Commissioner has not kept to the terms of reference, the commission has been stopped by a superior court.
Government-related organizations
Delmonico's is the name of series of restaurants in New York City.  The original and most famous was operated by the Delmonico family during the 19th and early 20th centuries, but the last family-owned restaurant closed due to a Prohibition-era slowdown in 1923. Since that time restaurants using the Delmonico's name have reopened elsewhere in Manhattan under different owners.

The original Delmonico's began in a rented pastry shop at 23 William Street in 1827, appearing listed as a restaurant in 1830. They moved several times before settling at 2 South William Street for eighty years, it is credited with being the first restaurant in America to allow patrons to order from a menu à la carte, as opposed to table d’hôte. It is also claimed to be the first to employ a separate wine list.

At the peak of "Delmonico's" fame the family operated four restaurants under the name at the same time, and a total of ten during their ownership.
Six years after they closed the doors of their last restaurateur Oscar Tucci opened a Delmonico's at 2 South William Street, which stayed in business until 1977. Other Delmonicos have operated in the space from 1981–1992 and from 1998 to present.

History

Origin
The restaurant was opened by the brothers John and Peter Delmonico, from Ticino, Switzerland. In 1831, they were joined by their nephew, Lorenzo Delmonico, who eventually became responsible for the restaurant's wine list and menu. When the William Street building was opened on a grand scale in August 1837, after the Great Fire of New York, New Yorkers were told that the columns by the entrance had been imported from the ruins of Pompeii.
Expansion and closure
Beginning in the 1850s, the restaurant hosted the annual gathering of the New England Society of New York which featured many important speakers of the day.   In 1860, Delmonico's provided the supper at the Grand Ball welcoming the Prince of Wales at the Academy of Music on East 14th Street. Supper was set out in a specially constructed room; the menu was French, and the pièces montées represented Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, the Great Eastern and Flora's Vase. The New York Times reported, "We may frankly say that we have never seen a public supper served in a more inapproachable fashion, with greater discretion, or upon a more luxurious scale". In 1862, the restaurant hired Charles Ranhofer, considered one of the greatest chefs of his day.

In 1919, Edward L.C. Robins purchased Delmonico's. Its grand location at Fifth Avenue and 44th Street closed in 1923 as a result of changing dining habits due to Prohibition. That was the Delmonico's linked with the original family business.
Almost immediately after the closing of the last Delmonico's, a number of imitators opened "Delmonico's" restaurants. The Delmonico family attempted to retain exclusive rights to the name, but a court ruled that with the closing of the last restaurant the name had passed into the public domain.

Later revivals 
In 1927, Oscar Tucci reopened Delmonico's popularly called "Oscar's Delmonico" at the old restaurant at 2 South William Street in New York. Tucci used the original menus and recipes. Tucci created the famous Wedge Salad. Oscar's Delmonico became distinguished in its own right, continuing to attract prominent politicians and celebrities.. The Tucci legacy continued in Greenwich, CT, when Mario Tucci, son of Oscar, opened Delmonico's in 1986.

In 1989, a new Delmonico's was opened at the location by Ed Huber, which operated until 1992.
The building was vacant until 1998, when the Bice Group acquired the property and again opened a Delmonico's, with Gian Pietro Branchi as executive chef. In 1999, the restaurant was sold to the Ocinomled partnership, which continues to operate Delmonico's at the South William Street location.

Signature dishes
Lobster Newberg, and Delmonico Potatoes were invented at Delmonico's restaurant, and possibly Chicken à la King, but it was most famous for Delmonico steak. Eggs Benedict were also said to have originated at Delmonico’s, although others claim that dish as well.
Baked Alaska's name was coined at Delmonico's as well.
Notable patrons
Among the many well-known people who patronized Delmonico's are Jenny Lind, who, it was said, ate there after every show, Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, "Diamond Jim" Brady, Lillian Russell, usually in the company of Diamond Jim, Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde, J.P. Morgan, James Gordon Bennett, Jr., Walter Scott, Nikola Tesla, Edward VII, then the Prince of Wales, and Napoleon III of France. Journalist Jacob A. Riis claimed to be a patron of a different sort: in his book, The Making of an American, he mentioned that when he was down on his luck, a kindly French-speaking cook at Delmonico’s would pass him rolls through the basement window.

Other Delmonico's 
The New Orleans, Louisiana, Delmonico's, which opened in 1895, was purchased by Emeril Lagasse in 1997. Lagasse refurbished the restaurant and reopened it as Emeril’s Delmonico.

The unconnected Delmonico's Hotel, at Park Avenue and East 59th Street, was a center of Beatlemania in August 1964, when the Beatles stayed there.
References
Notes

Bibliography
"John Delmonico - pioneer of fine dining in America"  by Milford Prewitt. Nation's Restaurant News, February, 1996.
New York Architecture Images - Delmonico's
Website of modern-day Delmonico's restaurant in New York. (Opened in 1998.)

American restaurants
1827 establishments in the United States
Companies based in New York City
1820s establishments in New York (state)
Frank Heller was the pen name of a Swedish writer. His real name was Gunnar Serner. He lived from July 20, 1886 - October 14, 1947. He wrote a series of light novels. His books were about suspicious international business. Heller created the character Philip Collin in most popular books. Collin who was a detective and a thief. Collin also used the name Professor Pelotard.

Bibliography
 The Emperor's Old Clothes, 1923 New York
 The Marriage of Yussuf Khan, Crowell New York 1923, Hutchinson & Co London 1924
 The Chinese Coats, London 1924
 The Grand Duke's Finances
 The Perilous Transactions of Mr. Collin, 1924
 The London Adventures of Mr. Collin, 1923
 Mr. Collin is Ruined, 1925
 The Strange Adventures of Mr. Collin, Crowell New York 1926
 The Thousand and Second Night, An Arabesque. Williams & Norgate, London, 1926
 Lead Me into Temptation, Crowell New York 1927
 Twilight of the Gladiators, 1944
F. W. Murnau made a film called The Grand Duke's Finances (German: Die Finanzen des Großherzogs) that was  based on of Heller's novel with the same name.

Other websites 

Swedish novelists
1886 births
1947 deaths
In cooking, a consommé is a type of clear soup made from richly flavoured stock or bouillon.  "Double" consommé is clarified  often through a fining process involving egg protein. It usually requires an advanced knowledge of cooking and past experience to create a high quality consommé. Consommé has maintained its place as one of the most highly regarded and appreciated soups in the world.
gelatin desserts.

References

Soups
The term generation gap refers to the fact that a younger generation and their parents are thinking differently. The term was made popular in the 1960s.

Sociology
Shawinigan is a city on the Saint-Maurice River in Quebec, Canada. In 2011, 50060 people lived there.

Michel Angers was elected as mayor in the 2009 municipal election.

The name of the city has also been spelled different over periods of time: Chaouinigane, Oshaouinigane, Assaouinigane, Achawénégan, Chawinigame, Shawenigane, Chaouénigane and could either mean "portage", "portage of beeches", "angular portage" or "summit" or "crest".

Famous residents
Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
Jacques Plante, Former ice hockey goaltender

Other websites 
City of Shawinigan - Official city website

Cities and towns in Quebec
Caroline Gilchrist Rhea is a Canadian actress and stand-up comedian. She was the original host for the NBC reality show The Biggest Loser until Alison Sweeney took her place. Rhea also starred as Hilda Spellman for the situation comedy Sabrina, the Teenage Witch and replaced Rosie O'Donnell as the hostess for her syndicated talk show (which was renamed the Caroline Rhea Show). She was born April 13, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec.

1964 births
Living people
Actors from Montreal
Canadian stand-up comedians
Canadian television actors
Comedians from Quebec
Television talk show hosts
A nova (plural novae or novas) is a huge nuclear explosion on a white dwarf star. It causes a sudden brightening of the star.

Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as supernovae. Novae occur on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system. If the two stars of the system are close enough, material is pulled from the companion star's surface onto the white dwarf. This collection of hydrogen onto the surface of the star starts a runaway fusion reaction.
In spite of their violence, the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about 1⁄10,000 of a solar mass, quite small relative to the mass of the white dwarf. Only five percent of the accreted mass is fused during the power outburst.  This is enough energy to make nova ejecta to go outward as fast as several thousand kilometers per second—higher for some novae than others.  The star also brightens, from a few times solar to 50,000–100,000 times solar.  In 2010 scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope were surprised to discover, for the first time, that a nova can also emit gamma-rays (>100 MeV).

A white dwarf can potentially generate multiple novae over time as additional hydrogen continues to accrete onto its surface from its companion star. An example is RS Ophiuchi, which is known to have flared six times (in 1898, 1933, 1958, 1967, 1985, and 2006). Eventually, the white dwarf could explode as a type Ia supernova if it approaches the Chandrasekhar limit.