Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Macau used to be a colony of Portugal. Although Portuguese is an official language alongside Chinese (as a result of it being a Portuguese colony in the past), very few Macanese actually speak Portuguese; only about 0.7% speak it at home. As a matter of fact, English is more commonly spoken, despite it not being an official language (about 2.3% speak it at home). Cantonese is the main dialect of Chinese spoken in Macau. However, Mandarin has also become more common since Portugal returned it to China in 1999.

Today, Macau mostly makes money from offshore gambling. In fact, Macau generated 7 times greater gambling revenue than Las Vegas in 2013.  People in Macau also make some money from exporting clothing.

As Macau was previously a Portuguese colony, you can easily find traces of how the Portuguese culture is presented in the city. One of them is itinerary for couples, who are intending to spend a day exploring Macau.
Economy of Macau
Macau’s economy relies on gambling. Eighty percent of the government’s revenue  is derived from gambling. The revenue generated by gambling  in 2019 was $36.5 billion, which is about 6 times larger than Las Vegas. Macau has 41 casinos including several  that belong to Wynn resorts and Sands.

Macau is the only part of China where gambling is legal. Many of the customers of casinos are wealthy Chinese.

Around 2020 Chinese new year  authorities closed down travel from China to Macau. Visits fell eighty percent. It is estimated by some observers that the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak will cost Macau between 5-15 percent of its gambling revenue.

References

 
People's Republic of China
Taipei City () is the capital city of the Republic of China, known by most people simply as Taiwan. It is the largest city in Taiwan. It has a monsoon  humid subtropical climate (Cwa in the Köppen climate classification). Its population in 2014 was about 2.7 million people. Its mayor is Ko Wen-je.
Taipei is the political, economic, educational, and cultural center of Taiwan island, and one of the major hubs of Greater China. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area. Railways, Taipei Metro, high-speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan. Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks which include Taipei 101, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Dalongdong Baoan Temple, Taipei Zoo, National Taiwan University, Hsing Tian Kong, Lungshan Temple of Manka, National Palace Museum, Presidential Office Building, Taipei Guest House, Ximending, and several night markets dispersing over the city. Its natural features such as Maokong, Yangmingshan, and hot springs are also well known to international visitors.

History
History

In 1626, Spanish people took over and started to spread their religion. The Dutch moved out Spanish and took over their fortresses than the Dutch started their trading business. In 1661 Koxinga came to Taiwan and expel the Dutch. And he started to reclaim Taiwan, used a system called Tuntian (a state-promoted method of agriculture), it successfully help Taipei to grow more food. Taipei officially became part of the Tianxing county of China.

In 1683 Taiwan got marked as part of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, a lot of Chinese moved into Taipei, so there were many villages and streets formed, like the Mengjia, Shilin Street, Xikou Street and Dadaocheng. Dadaocheng is a place that produces tea, it has an important impact on how Taipei became prosperous. It was the biggest external trade port that . Foreign countries started to set their business stores in Taipei.

Divisions
Taipei City is divided into 12 districts. Among the notable one is Tamsui.
Air quality 
When compared to other Asian cities, Taipei has "excellent" capabilities for managing air quality in the city. Its rainy climate, location near the coast, and strong environmental regulations have prevented air pollution from becoming a substantial health issue, at least compared to cities in southeast Asia and industrial China. However, smog is extremely common and there is poor visibility throughout the city after rain-less days.

Motor vehicle engine exhaust, particularly from motor scooters, is a source of air pollution in Taipei. There are higher levels of fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mornings because of less air movement; sunlight reduces some pollution.

Related pages
 List of counties of the Republic of China
 Kaohsiung (Second largest city in Taiwan)

References

Other websites 

 

 
1709 establishments
Establishments in Taiwan
1700s establishments in Asia
Robert (Bob) Chiarelli (born September 24, 1941) is a retired Canadian politician, who from 2001 to 2006 was the mayor of Ottawa. In 2006, Chiarelli was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, serving as the Member of Provincial Parliament for the riding of Ottawa-West-Nepean. In the 2018 Ontario provincial election, Chiarelli was not reelected and decided he would retire from politics. Chiarelli grew up in Ottawa, and was married to the late Carol Chiarelli.

References

1941 births
Living people
People from Ottawa
Politicians from Ontario
A skeleton is the hard structure that protects the internal organs of a living thing. Skeletons can be inside the body or outside the body. In mammals, which include humans, the skeleton is made of bones. All the bones, when they are joined together, make the "skeletal system" of a body. The skeletal system or "skeleton" is under the skin, the muscle and the tissue of the body. The skeleton supports the skin, muscle and tissue, and all the organs that are inside the body. The skeleton protects important internal organs like the brain, heart and lungs. If humans did not have a skeleton then the body would be flat as the skeleton gives the body its frame.

 Creatures that have skeletons inside their bodies are mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. A skeleton that is on the inside is called an endoskeleton.
Some creatures, called arthropods, have skeletons outside their bodies. These are insects (like ants and bees), arachnids (spiders and scorpions), and crustaceans (sea creatures like crabs and lobsters). These creatures all have skeletons made of hard plates or shells. This kind of skeleton is called an exoskeleton 
A new born baby has 300 bones, but as they grow up to become an adult, their bones join together and the number lowers to 206 bones.

Human skeleton 

 

The important parts of a human body are the head, the spine, the chest, the abdomen, the arms and hands, and the legs and feet.
Bones of the head 
The head bones all together are called the skull. 
 The skull is made of a group of curved bones fitted together like a ball, which protects the brain, the eyes and the inside parts of the ears. The bones of this part of the head, together, are called the cranium. 
 The skull has a top jaw, and a bottom jaw, with teeth in them. The jaws are called the "upper" and "lower" mandibles. The "lower mandible" is moved by strong muscles so that the teeth can bite and chew food. 
 There are several other small bones which make up the face. There are also several small bones in the front and side of the neck. 
 The smallest bones in the body are three tiny bones inside the ear, which vibrate to help a person hear sounds.
Bones of the spine 
The spine supports the head, the chest and the structure that carries the arms. It is made of small bones called vertebrae. The spine, all together, is called the spinal column. It is not straight, but has curves that help to support the body, and help the person to move and bend. One bone is a "vertebra". More than one are "vertebrae".
The "vertebrae" have different names, depending on the part of the body they are joined to. 
 The neck vertebrae are called cervical vertebrae. (ser-vick-al ver-ta-bray)
 The chest vertebrae are called thoracic vertebrae. (thor-assic vert-ta-bray) 
 The vertebrae of the "lower back" are called the lumbar vertebrae. 
 The next vertebrae are joined together in a triangular shape called the sacrum. The hip bones are attached to the sacrum and support it.
At the bottom of the "sacrum" are some little tail-bones. They are called the coccyx. On many animals the "coccyxal vertebrae" are long, making a tail that the animal can move, but on humans, apes and some other creatures, they are very short.
Bones of the pelvis 
This part of the body is made of the sacrum and the two pelvic bones which are joined to it on either side. The pelvic bones are carried by the leg bones, and they support the "spinal column". Each pelvic bone has a strong structure for the leg bone to fit into, so that a person can stand, walk, run and jump. Each pelvic bone spreads into a large flat plate which supports the person's "internal organs". The pelvis of a woman spreads into a wider shape than a man's, so that when the woman is pregnant, the baby is supported by the pelvis, until it is ready to be born. At the bottom of the pelvis is a large opening, big enough for a baby to pass through.
Bones of the chest 
The chest is called the thorax, and the vertebrae that are part of it are the thoracic vertebrae. The thorax is made up of long flat curved bones called ribs. At the back, the ribs are joined to the vertebrae. At the front, most of the ribs are joined to the sternum, which is often called the "breast bone". All together, the "thorax" protects the heart, lungs and stomach. 

At the top of the "thorax" is the shoulder girdle. This is made of two thin horizontal bones at the front, joined to the "sternum". These two bones are called the clavicles or "collar bones". At the back of the "thorax" are two flat triangular-shaped bones called the scapulae, or "shoulder blades". The "clavicles" and "scapulae" come together on each side to make "shoulders". The bones of the arms fit into sockets (cup-like holes) in the "scapulae".
Bones of the limbs 
Arms and legs both have a thicker bone at the top and two thinner bones at the bottom. They both have a rotating joint at the top, and a hinge joint in the middle. The hands and feet have lots of bones and are joined to the arms and legs by small bones with sliding parts.

Bones of the arms 
 The upper bone is the humerus,  so when people bang their elbow, they often say that they bumped their "funny bone". 
 The bone that sticks out at the elbow and runs down the outside of the arm is the ulna. 
 The bone that is on the thumb-side is called the radius. Near the elbow, it is joined to the "ulna" in a way that allows it to rotate. The "radius" and the "ulna" can twist around each other, allowing a person to turn their hand. 
 The small bones of the wrist are called carpals, and the bones inside the hand are called metacarpals. 
 The finger bones are the phalanges.
Bones of the legs 
 The upper bone of the leg, which is the longest bone in the body, is called the femur. 
 The bone at the back of the leg is called the tibia, or "shin bone". It makes the inside ankle bone. 
 The thinner bone at the side of the leg is called the fibula. It makes the outside ankle bone. 
 The small bones that join the foot to the leg bones and allow it to move are called the tarsals. The bones inside the foot are the metatarsals. 
 The toe bones are called phalanges, like the finger bones. 
 The leg has another bone. At the front of the joint where the "tibia" meets the "femur" is a small round bone like a little shield, to protect the joint. It is called the patella.

Skeletons in culture
Skeletons as symbols 
A skeleton, or just a skull, has often been used as a symbol for death and poison. 
 Skeletons and skulls can be seen carved on many tombs, from ancient times to the 20th century. 
 Skeletons or skulls are often seen in medieval and Renaissance paintings or stained glass windows, reminding people that life is short. 
 Skeletons or skulls were often used as a sign to frighten people. Skeletons would be left hanging in public places, such as cross-roads or bridges to remind the people of a town that they would be punished by death if they broke the law. 
 Skeletons or skulls were a symbol used by pirates.

Skeletons in popular culture
Skeletons, particularly living skeletons, have often been used in horror stories and comedies.
 There are stories where skeletons rise from the dead. Things that come back to life are called undead. In these stories, most skeletons are controlled by a person who brings them back to life. These people are called necromancers. A necromancer uses magic to make the skeleton move and act upon his/her will.

Bones
Catalan might mean:
Anything related to Catalonia
Catalan language
Catalan people, the people of Catalonia
The GP2X is a handheld gaming console. It uses the Linux operating system. An operating system goes inside another system. It helps the other system do what it needs to. The GP2X can have music, videos, games, and pictures. There are updates to the GP2X so it will get more things. The GP2X can have DivX, XviD, MP3, and Ogg Vorbis. DivX and XviD are ways to keep videos and MP3 and Ogg Vorbis can keep music. It can also be able to emulate video games. Emulating means you copy a system. It can emulate systems like the Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Master System, Turbo Grafx 16, Game Boy, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and Genesis.

Other websites 
 Germany, Austria and Switzerland (GP2x.de) Official distributor.

Handheld video games
Upton Beall Sinclair (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was a writer of many works from the United States. His most famous book, The Jungle from 1906, was about the American meat-packing industry.

Upton Sinclair had socialist political opinions.  Most of Sinclair's books, including The Jungle, dealt with social injustice. He also wrote a book called Mental Radio where he claimed to have conducted telepathic experiments with his wife. 

He wrote many other books.  His book The Flivver King was about the Ford Motor Company.  The Flivver King was written at the time when workers at Ford factories were trying to start a labor union.  He wrote a series (many books in a row) with Lanny Budd as the main character.  There were eleven (11) Lanny Budd books.  The Lanny Budd books were about current events in the World at the time.
He later joined the Democratic Party and ran for governor of the state of California in 1934.  He wanted California to start new businesses which would be run by the state government.  This was to help people who were unemployed (did not have jobs) because of the Great Depression.  He lost the election.  

He retired in the town of Buckeye, Arizona.

Other websites

 Works by Upton Sinclair in audio format from LibriVox

 The Jungle Department of American Studies, University of Virginia
 The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest, Bartleby.com
Guide to the Upton Sinclair Collection , Lilly Library, Indiana University
 .
Upton Sinclair, "EPIC", Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
 .
 

writers from Maryland
1878 births
1968 deaths
19th-century American novelists
Gizmondo is a handheld video game system. It is made by Tiger Telematics. It has GPRS and GPS. GPRS is used to go on the Internet, and GPS is where you can see where you are. Some games use the Gizmondo's GPS. It has a camera. It can also send text (words) and multimedia (pictures and videos and music) messages, play MP3/WAV/MIDI music and WMA/MP4 video, and play games. MP3, WAV, and MIDI are ways to keep music, and WMA and MP4 are ways to keep videos.

Releases
The Gizmondo came out in the United Kingdom in March 2005 for £229. It came out in the USA in October 22, 2005. Games include Agaju: the Sacred Path, Colors, and Chicane. 

In February 2006, the company was forced into bankruptcy and stopped making the Gizmondo.

Handheld video games
The Antarctic Treaty System is a set of agreements about the continent of Antarctica. It was signed in 1959 and took effect in 1961. So far, it has been signed by 46-48 countries.

The ATS is used for governing the continent. The main idea of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is to make sure that Antarctica is:
 is used peacefully and taken care of.
 is not exploited or used for animal hunting.
 is not involved with military use unless for peaceful purposes.
 is not owned by one group.
 is not ruled by any country and/or continent.
 is not used for violence e.g. testing nuclear missiles.

References

1950s treaties
Antarctica
1959
1961
Kansas City is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Missouri. The Kansas River and Missouri River meet one another in Kansas City. The city has about 448,000 people, and the entire metropolitan area has about 2,000,000 people, some of whom live in the state of Kansas. Its mayor is Quinton Lucas. Some sports teams there are the Royals (baseball), the Chiefs (American football), and the Wizards (soccer). Kansas City is well known for some of its barbecue restaurants, and is also an important place for business.

References 

 
County seats in Missouri
Cascading Style Sheets, or CSS, is a way to change the look of HTML and XHTML web pages. CSS was designed by the W3C, and is supported well by most modern web browsers. The current version of CSS is CSS3. CSS4 is available, but is split into parts.

One advantage to using CSS is a web page can still be displayed, even if the CSS is not working or removed.

CSS code is saved in files with the .css file extension.

CSS Examples

Paragraphs 

To make all paragraphs on a page blue and sized 20% bigger than normal text, we would apply this CSS rule to a page:

p {
color: blue;
font-size: 120%;
background-color: white
}
The p refers to all HTML elements with the <p> tag. The CSS is being used to change this element. The color and font-size are both properties and the blue and 120% are values. Each property has a set of possible values. These values can be words or numbers.

Main Title
Main Title 

To give the main Title on a page a solid red border underneath, we would apply this CSS rule to the page. 5px otherwise known as pixels, represents the thickness of the line:

h1 {
border-bottom: 5px solid red;
}The h1 refers to all HTML elements with the <h1> tag. The CSS is being used to change this element. The border-bottom is the property and the 5px and solid red are values. Each property has a set of possible values. These values can be words or numbers.

Other websites 
 W3C
 Website about CSS3

Programming languages
Web design
Allah () is the common name for God in the Arabic language. It is similar to Eloah, the name for God in the Hebrew language, and Elaha, the name for God in the Aramaic language. Muslims commonly use the word Allah for God. Sometimes, people who speak Arabic still use the word Allah when they speak English. In Islam, Allah is Merciful and Allah is the one who loves his followers.

In Arabic
In Arabic

Where the word comes from
Around 2000 BC (4000 years ago) there was a group of people called the Canaanites, who lived in the Middle East. They had many gods, and the ruling god was called "El" or "Il." El had power and ruled over everything, and he lived forever. He is claimed to have made the earth and everything else. Later, the word "El" became Eloh or Elaha in the Aramaic language. Another language, Hebrew, changed the Aramaic word to Eloah. In the New Testament (the second book in the Christian Bible), the words "Eli" and "Elohi" were used to mean god. "El" is also in some people's names: Gabri-el, Mika-el, Azrael, Israel, Israel, Yishmael, Emanuel etc.

As a common noun 
In Arabic, the general word for a god is ilaah. It can mean a specific god, or any god at all, depending on how it is used.

As a proper noun
As a proper noun 

As a proper noun, "Allah" is a name for one God, the god of the Abrahamic religions. In Arabic, the word al is an article (a word for "the"), so al-ILaah means "The God". Usually, the word "Allah" is used by Muslims. However, Arab Christians also call their God "Allah." The name "Allah" is made of four letters in Arabic,  (or Alif Lam Lam Ha, from right to left, A-L-L-H, 2111), which when brought together make الله

In Islam 
In Islam, God is usually called "Allah." There are many different names for God in Islam. However, "Allah" is the most common. It means the same thing as any of the other names. For Muslims, "Allah" describes a single God who is all-powerful and never makes mistakes.  Muslims believe that Allah created everything, including the heavens and the Earth, simply by saying Kun Faya Kun ("Be and it is"). Muslims often repeat the word "Allah" many times when they are praying.
In Judaism 
In Judaism, God is usually called YHWH (by scholarly convention pronounced Yahweh) and Eloah. Both names are mentioned in the Old Testament and are one of the seven names of God in Judaism. It can also be noted that in Judaism, Elohim is a name for God and in Islam, Allahuma is a name for God. Since Jewish and Muslim names of God are very similar, Jews and Muslims say that they believe in the same God.

In Christianity 
Arab Christians call their God "Allah" due to the Arabic language. In the Arabic translation of the Christian Bible, God is referred to by "Allah". The word "Allah" was also used in the old translations of the Bible into Turkish, e.g. 1941 version, due to Islamic culture being common in Turkey, and because the Turkish language was influenced by the Arabic language.

References

Islamic terminology
Gods and goddesses
Arabic words and phrases
The iPod nano is a MP3 player made by Apple Inc.  It is available in 8GB and 16GB memory, in nine colours: silver, grey, purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, red, and pink.

The iPod Nano was discontinued by Apple on July 27, 2017.

Features (5th Generation)

FM radio
There is a built-in FM receiver inside the iPod nano, and with the radio app, radio from the FM channels can be listened to.  There is also a feature called Live Pause which allows listeners to pause the radio stream, and resume it at the same place later.

VoiceOver
The iPod nano can 'talk to you', using a feature called VoiceOver.  When the button on the headphones or the Click Wheel is held down, VoiceOver will speak the song currently playing and its artist.  This feature is available in 20 languages.

Fitness

Pedometer
The iPod nano has a built-in pedometer.  You can create a Daily Step goal, or use the 'Always On' setting so it counts all of your steps.

Nike+iPod
Nike+iPod

Using the Nike+iPod sport kit, the iPod nano can be used as a fitness aid.  It can measure your run by fitting into the insole Nike+ shoe pocket, then it can sync it to nikeplus.com.  Nike+ is also compatible with some exercise machines.

Video camera
The iPod nano includes a video camera which can be used to capture video.  You can add fifteen video effects, then upload it to YouTube, MobileMe, or Facebook with your computer.

Models

History

First Generation
The iPod Nano was first released on September 7, 2005. 1, 2, and 4 GB iPods were available.

Second Generation
The second generation iPod Nano was released on September 25, 2006. Like the second generation iPod Mini it was available in different colors. But unlike the Mini, the click wheel was grey for all colors except for the black iPod which had a black click wheel.

The 1GB iPod was only available in silver, the 4GB iPod was available in green, blue, silver, and pink and the 8GB was only available in black, but red was added later.
On October 13, 2006, a Product Red iPod Nano was released. For each red iPod Nano sold a $10 donation goes to the Product Red brand. On November 3, 2006 a red 8GB iPod Nano was released due to high demand.

Third Generation
The third generation iPod Nano was released on September 5, 2007. It had a new smaller and wider design, video playback ability and a new user interface.

A 4GB iPod was released in silver while an 8GB iPod was released in silver, turquoise, mint green, black, and Product Red. A pink 8GB iPod was also released on January 22, 2008.

On October 6, 2007 Apple released OS 1.0.2 which improved cover flow and made going throw the menu a lot quicker. On November 28, 2007 1.0.3 was released which fixed a couple of bugs. On January 15, 2008 1.1 came out which had support for iTunes movie hiring, music song lyrics and more bug fixes. 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 had bug fixes. They were both released in May and July 2008.
Fourth Generation
The iPod Nano fourth generation was released on September 9, 2008 and changed back to the body shape used in the first and second generation models.

The six old colors (silver, black, mint, turquoise, berry red and rose pink) were replaced with silver, black, purple, light blue, green, yellow, orange, red and pink. But the Product Red iPod could only be bought on the Apple website and retail stores. An accelerometer was also added to the iPod Nano. Because of this, you could turn the shuffle songs feature on and off by shaking it, go through the cover flow when you put the iPod on its side and look at pictures portrait or landscape. But videos could only be watched in landscape. Because of the accelerometer feature, the Quiz game was removed and a new Maze game was added.
Fifth Generation
The iPod Nano fifth generation was released on September 9, 2009 and had a smaller price than the last generation. At the time the 8GB Nano was $149 and the 16GB Nano $179. The screen was also bigger and some new colors were introduced: Silver, Black, Purple, Blue, Yellow, Orange, Product Red, Green and Pink though the yellow and Product Red iPods were only available at the Apple Website and retailers.

The fifth generation introduced a number of new things including a microphone, a pedometer, a video camera and an FM radio that had station frequencies coming from North and South America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand and Asia.
 
The dock connector and the head jack also swapped sides so that the head jack was left of the dock connector.
Sixth Generation
The sixth generation iPod Nano was released on September 1, 2010. It was a combination of the iPod Shuffle by the size and shape and the iPod Touch by the touch screen, a sleep/wake button and the user interface and icons. This iPod Nano however didn't have a video camera, the ability to play back videos, the voice-recorder, (though plugging in the headphones with a microphone would show a voice memos app) built in speaker and games. But it did still have a pedometer and an FM radio. The price for this iPod Nano was also the same GB models for the same prices as the previous generation Nano.

On February 28, 2011, OS 1.1 was released with featured the ability to change song or pause by double clicking the sleep/wake button and on October 4, 2011 OS 1.2 added several new wallpapers and the ability to change the size of icons.
Seventh Generation
The seventh generation iPod Nano was released on October 12, 2012. The shape was again similar to the fifth generation shape but it was still the same size as the sixth generation and still had a touch screen but only a single 16GB iPod Nano was released but video playback was also restored. It was discontinued on July 27, 2017, alongside iPod Shuffle.

Timeline

References

IPod
Proton decay is a theory that a proton could decay into two small particles, a pion and a positron. This would be a new type of radioactive decay. So far, proton decay has not been observed, but some physicists believe it. Most current theories say that protons do not decay.

Nuclear physics

ja:陽子#陽子の崩壊
The 99 Names of  Allah (, translit: ) also known as the 99 attributes of Allah, according to Islamic tradition, are the names of Allah  revealed by the Creator (الله) (Allah) in the Qur'an. These are considered to be the attributes of Allah.
The 99 Names of Allah are very important to Muslims and in Islamic tradition which are taken from different verses of the Holy Qur'an.
 
According to Islamic tradition, whoever memorizes and acts upon the 99 names of Allah, will enter Paradise. 

They are: 

‘Allah’ is a title for All-Mighty Allah. The word Allah means One and only Allah in Arabic. It is a combination of ‘Ilah’ in Arabic which means Allah, and ‘al’ the alif and laam letters of the Arabic alphabet which denote the definite article, Allah, meaning "the God".

References

 https://www.britannica.com/topic/Allah

Islamic theology
For single-player card games, see solitaire.

A single-player game, when talking about computer games or video games, means a game that is played by one player. It involves playing against and/or with computer-controlled (AI) characters.

Types of video games
Video game gameplay
The fallopian tubes (also known as oviducts and uterine tubes) connect the ovaries to the uterus. The fallopian tubes let the ovum pass into the uterus. The ovum is able to be fertilized by sperm during sexual intercourse.

Origin 
They are named after the 16th century Italian anatomist, Gabriele Falloppio. The Greek word salpinx (σαλπιγξ) means "trumpet".

Anatomy 
There are two Fallopian tubes attached to either side of the end of the uterus. Each tube will end near one ovary. This place is called the fimbria. The Fallopian tubes are not attached to the ovaries, but open into the peritoneal cavity.

In humans, the Fallopian tubes are about 7 - 14 cm long.

Parts 
There are four parts of the fallopian tube from the ovary to the uterus:
 Infundibulum
Ampulla - where the ovum is fertilized
 Isthmus

Layers 

The fallopian tube is made of three layers:

 Mucosa - these are folded walls with ciliated cells along them.
 Muscularis externa
 Serosa

Movement 
The Fallopian tubes can move around the pelvis.
Fertilization 

When an ovum is ready to be released from the ovary, the ovary wall breaks open and the ovum goes into the fallopian tube. There, it starts moving towards to uterus with the help of liquids and cilia on the inside walls. This can take hours or days.

If the ovum is fertilized while in the fallopian tube, then it sticks to the endometrium, which is the beginning of pregnancy.

Related pages
 Menstrual cycle

References 

Anatomy of the female reproductive system
1818 is a common year in the Gregorian calendar.

Events 
 January 3: Venus occulted (block from view) Jupiter.
 February 12: Chile became independent from Spain.
 December 3: Illinois becomes a state.
Carmen Miranda (February 9, 1909 – August 5, 1955) was a Portuguese-Brazilian singer and actress. She was best known for her exotic costumes and hats made of fruit.

Brazilian actors
Brazilian singers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Portuguese singers
1909 births
1955 deaths
Magnum, P.I. is an American American crime drama television series. It stars Tom Selleck and John Hillerman. It was on TV from 1980 to 1988. It is about Thomas Magnum III, a smooth private detective working in Hawaii.

Other websites 

 

1980 establishments in the United States
1980 television series debuts
1988 disestablishments in the United States
1988 television series endings
1980s American drama television series
1980s American workplace television series
1980s crime television series
American workplace drama television series
Detective television series
Hawaii
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Twin Peaks was an American television series that ran from 1990 to 1991. It told the story of an FBI agent who comes to the strange small town of Twin Peaks, Washington, to investigate the murder of a teenage girl. It was made by David Lynch. The show was successful around the world. In 1992, a Twin Peaks movie 'Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me' was released.

Cast
Dana Ashbrook
Kyle MacLachlan
Peggy Lipton
Joan Chen
Sam Stanley

Other websites 

1990s American television series
1990 American television series debuts
1991 television series endings
American crime drama television series
FBI in fiction
Mystery television series
Movies set in Washington (state)
English-language television programs
McDonald's is an American corporation that operates one of the largest chains of fast food restaurants in the world.

McDonald's has over 36,000 stores in 119 countries and territories, the second-most stores out of all fast food chains worldwide behind only the submarine sandwich chain Subway. They serve almost 54 million people each day.

The first McDonald's restaurant was opened by Richard and Maurice (Mac) McDonald in 1940. It was located on Route 66 in San Bernardino, California. The McDonald brothers later sold their company to Ray Kroc in Des Plaines, Illinois.

Food 
McDonald's restaurants mainly serve hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken nuggets, burgers, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milk shakes and desserts. They also have options such as salads, apples, milk, McDonald's Popular Picks

Spicy McCrispy,BigMac ,Chicken McNuggets, Quarter Pounder With Cheese, Iced Coffee, Egg McMuffin, Sausage Burrito and Snack Wraps on the menu. And kids meals are available too.
In Australia, they sell the Frozen Coke, which is very popular.

More McDonald's food is sold in the United States than in any other area, which means that it is McDonald's largest market. Europe is McDonald's second largest market. The restaurants are either operated directly by McDonalds or more often by a franchise, where the business is owned and operated by someone else to the standards set by McDonald's and with support from the McDonald's company. The company provides a central source of supply for food items and standardized menu.

Criticism 
McDonald's used to make their fries in beef tallow. People liked the flavor the tallow gave to the fries. Criticisms about its high saturated fat content have came up in late 80s. In 1990, McDonald's switched to using vegetable oil.
In 2014, McDonald's in Europe used chicken meat which was produced by using genetically modified animal feed, which it had not done since 2001. Greenpeace states that McDonald's saves less than one Eurocent for each Chickenburger and goes down a path not desired by its customers.

Mascot 
McDonald's mascot is Ronald McDonald.

Locations 
McDonald's has restaurants in the following countries:
Andorra
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Barbados (no longer operates)
Belarus
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Hong Kong
Macau
Colombia
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Fiji
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland (no longer operates)
Italy
India
Indonesia
Iran (no longer operates)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Kuwait
Latvia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Luxembourg
North Macedonia (no longer operates)
Malaysia
Malta
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Morocco
Netherlands
Aruba
Curaçao
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Paraguay
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russia (no longer operates)
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
American Samoa
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba)
Guam
Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Notes

References

Other websites
 
 How McDonald's makes a burger in 60 seconds and McDonald's burger price 

Companies based in Illinois
 
1940 establishments in Illinois
English people refer to people who are citizens of England or of English descent. England is one of the nations that is a part of the Island of Great Britain. It shares the island with Scotland (Scots) and Wales (the Welsh). England is also a part of the United Kingdom along with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Because of this, English people are also British people.

Originally, English people descended from Anglo-Saxons and Celts.  Modern English people often have ancestors from many different countries. Often, their ancestors came from other European countries and from the rest of the world.

Many people leave England to live in former British colonies. These include the United States, Australia and Canada. The countries with the largest number of English people, other than the United Kingdom are the United States, Australia, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand.
Citizenship 
Citizenship refers to the United Kingdom rather than just England.
A large number of citizens in the U.K. are not ethnically British. In the past, the British Empire controlled countries all over the world. People from many of these countries moved to England and had families. Over time, this led to a large number of citizens from different ethnic groups. Examples of these groups include Indian people and other groups from the Indian subcontinent, people from African countries, people from the Caribbean islands and people from Hong Kong.

Emigration from Britain is even more significant. About 40 to 44 million people in other countries have British ancestors. Census data provide the evidence for these statements.

References

Germanic peoples
 
Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
To Kill a Mockingbird is an American novel written by Harper Lee. It was published in 1960. The book was a great success. It won the Pulitzer Prize. The book was adapted and made into a 1962 movie starring Gregory Peck. The movie won three Academy Awards.

Lee based the story and characters on her family and neighbors, and something that happened near her hometown in 1936. This was when she was 10 years old.

To Kill a Mockingbird is a Southern Gothic novel and a bildungsroman (a story where the main character develops and grows). Its main themes are white/black racism and innocence. Lee also writes about bravery, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book has been taught in many schools in English-speaking countries with lessons about being patient and fair.
Harper Lee was born in 1926 and grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama. There, she became close friends with Truman Capote, who became a famous writer later. She went to Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). When she went to college, she wrote for literary magazines, like Huntress and Rammer Jammer. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial unfairness, which was not usually written about in colleges at the time. In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation. While she was there, she began writing essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. In 1957, Lee showed her writing to a literary agent whom Capote had told her about. An editor at J.B. Lippincott suggested to her that she should stop working at the airline and focus on writing instead. Her friends gave her money to help her continue writing for a year.
Lee spent two and a half years writing To Kill a Mockingbird. The National Endowment for the Arts describes how Lee once became so unhappy that she threw her manuscript out the window into the snow. Her agent made her take her writing back again. The book was printed on July 11, 1960. It was first titled Atticus, but Lee changed its name because the story was more than simply about one character. The editors at Lippincott told Lee that she would probably sell only several thousand copies. In 1964, Lee said, "I never expected any sort of success with 'Mockingbird.' ... I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I hoped for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I'd expected
." Instead of a "quick and merciful death", Reader's Digest Condensed Books chose part of the book to be printed again. This immediately made many more people read it. After it was first published, the book never stopped being printed.
To Kill a Mockingbird was written by Alabama author Harper Lee in 1960. The story comes from the perspective of 8-year-old girl Scout Finch, she has an older brother, Jem, who is 4 years her elder. They live with their father, Atticus, who is a lawyer and they are looked after by Calpurnia, their black maid during the day. The story takes place in a sleepy little town called Maycomb, in Alabama, it takes place during the Great Depression (1933-1935). At the beginning of the story Scout and Jem are introduced to Dill, he comes to live with his aunt every summer. The kids are intrigued by a person they call Boo Radley (real name, Arthur Radley), the rumor around the town is that Boo only goes outside of his house at night and hunts squirrels with his bare hands. Dill thinks of a plan to lure him out and dares Jem to pound on the front door, Jem refuses but Dill calls him a coward, Jem has not backed out of a dare since he was born so he ends up doing it
. After pounding on the door they all run back to their own house, but for a split second Scout swears she saw a flicker of light in the house, as if they were being watched. Now the kids have grown obsessed with the house, they wonder what Boo looks like and why he doesn't come out. One night they try to break in from the back door to get a glimpse of Boo, however his brother Nathan Radley hears the commotion and fires a shot from his shotgun. the bullets don't hit but the kids learn their lesson.
When school starts Scout and Jem are ridiculed by the other kids  their father is protecting a black man, when they ask about it, Atticus tells them that is his client and his name is called Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of the rape of a young white woman. Scout and Jem don't understand why their father is defending a black man since it makes the entire town despise them. Around this time their Aunt Alexandra moves in to help take care of the kids, she doesn't approve of Atticus defending a black man. Every Christmas, the Finch family has a gathering at Finch's Landing, their great-grandfather's early home. There Atticus teaches Scout how to shoot a bb gun, but tells her to remember she can shoot all the bluejays she wants if she can hit them, but it's a sin to kill a mockingbird. As the date of the trial comes closer, the kids get a better understanding of the situation and why their father would deliberately choose to take this case if it meant the hardships he would have to ensure
. There neighbour Miss Maudie tells them that though Atticus is old, he is still the strongest person in the town, and will take on the burden that no one in town will take.
On the day of the trial, Scout, Jem and Dill sneak into the amphitheater where they are having the hearing even though Atticus told them to stay home. They watch the trial on the porch with the colored people, they see Atticus but he doesn't see them. Atticus begins the trial politely and addresses the jury, Judge Taylor and the prosecutor in a well mannered way. Mayella Ewell and her father Bob Ewell are rash when Atticus shows more evidence and justification that Tom didn't do anything, rather it was Bob Ewell who hit his daughter when he found the pair together. Atticus creates an image of the Ewells for the jury, a family with no mother, an alcoholic father and 7 kids living in a small dilapidated house lacking many essentials. The Ewell’s don't have any defense rather than he said she said, but the jury still finds Tom guilty. Atticus leaves promptly after the trial and takes the kids with him, he is bitter but he does see light in the dark situation
. He tells the kids that he's angry about what the verdict was, however the jury deliberated for a couple hours before reaching a decision. Normally when a black man was accused by a white man, the verdict would be guilty, no questions asked, in a matter of seconds. Atticus says today was a small step forward, the children are upset about the extreme racism that they witnessed especially Jem, who pukes at the thought of the situation. Jem asks his neighbour Miss Maudie how a world like this "could exist" and how they could treat a person like that. She tells him that it might seem at times the entire town is racist and evil, but there are always good people even when it seems everything is dark. She also reminds Jem that Judge Taylor chose Atticus for this case, because he also hopes to see some change in this town. Jem nods, and before he goes to sleep he tells Scout that he's beginning to understand why Boo Radley doesn't leave his house.
Things in Maycomb are relatively back to normal after the trial, however Bob Ewell isn't satisfied and tells Atticus he's going to get back at him if it takes his life, Atticus pays very little attention to this and tells the kids Bob was just angry that he made a fool of him in the court. At school Scout and Jem aren't ridiculed anymore, since all the parents tell their children that Scout and Jem are already going through enough having a father who is crazy enough to defend a black man. Every October the town has a Halloween festival, and this year the elementary school is having a performance so Scout has to go. Jem takes her and when they walk there, they are scared by Cecil Jacobs, one of their classmates. Scout goes to the performance but forgets her lines and as they walk back home, Jem tells Scout to hush, but he hears someone following them. Scout thinks it's just Cecil trying to scare them again, but Jem doesn't think so
. They keep on walking and reach the Radley place when someone jumps on Jem, Scout screams and hears a snap, the person tries to attack her but is stopped by another person, Scout thinks it was Jem but it was actually Boo Radley who heard the scream outside his house, he takes Scout and Jem back to their house, and Atticus calls Dr.Reynolds and the sheriff, Heck Tate. Heck goes back to the Radley place and finds Bob Ewell dead from a knife to the chest. Scout tells the sheriff that when they were walking back someone jumped them, and attacked Jem and she heard a snap and screamed, the snap was the sound of Jem’s arm breaking. She than recalls Jem defending her from the attacker not knowing that Jem could not function and passed out right after the snap, and that it was Boo Radley who saved her. The sheriff tells Atticus that Bob Ewell fell on his knife, but Atticus is stubborn and still believes Jem killed him
. The sheriff and Atticus are both stubborn and the sheriff tells him to think again, it could not have been Jem, he has already passed out, he points to the corner of the room, and Scout sees for the first time, Boo Radley. His face was pale from not seeing the sun in years, and he was standing awkwardly not knowing what to say or do. Atticus is still not convinced, and he says "Boo would be a hero for saving his kids, but the sheriff tells him, Boo has not left his house in 15 years, all the attention would do an introvert like him no good." Scout tells Atticus that giving Boo the attention would be like killing a mockingbird, Atticus understands what she says and goes with the sheriff’s story. Boo whispers to Scout if she can take him home, because he's afraid of the dark and she agrees. She realises that Boo is still much like a child, she wonders about the times where she, Jem, and Dill tried to make Boo come out, and what he thought of watching them
. When she gets back home, she asks Atticus if there are good people in the world, and Atticus tells her that most people are.
Sequel

Related pages
 The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time

References

Bibliography 
 Johnson, Claudia. To Kill a Mockingbird: Threatening Boundaries. Twayne Publishers: 1994. 
 Johnson, Claudia. Understanding To Kill a Mockingbird: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historic Documents. Greenwood Press: 1994. 
 Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. HarperCollins: 1960 (Perennial Classics edition: 2002). 
 Mancini, Candice, (ed.) (2008). Racism in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, The Gale Group. 
 Murphy, Mary M. (ed.) Scout, Atticus, and Boo: A Celebration of Fifty Years of To Kill a Mockingbird, HarperCollins Publishers: 2010. 
 Noble, Don (ed.). Critical Insights: To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Salem Press: 2010. 
 Petry, Alice. "Introduction" in On Harper Lee: Essays and Reflections. University of Tennessee Press: 1994. 
 Shields, Charles. Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee. Henry Holt and Co.: 2006. 

 
1960 books
20th-century American novels