Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Argers (51015)
 Auve (51027)
 Belval-en-Argonne (51047)
 Berzieux (51053)
 Binarville (51062)
 Braux-Saint-Remy (51083)
 Braux-Sainte-Cohière (51082)
 Cernay-en-Dormois (51104)
 Chaudefontaine (51139)
 Châtrices (51138)
 Contault (51166)
 Courtémont (51191)
 Dampierre-le-Château (51206)
 Dommartin-Dampierre (51211)
 Dommartin-Varimont (51214)
 Dommartin-sous-Hans (51213)
 Florent-en-Argonne (51253)
 Fontaine-en-Dormois (51255)
 Givry-en-Argonne (51272)
 Gizaucourt (51274)
 Gratreuil (51280)
 Hans (51283)
 Herpont (51292)
 La Chapelle-Felcourt (51126)
 La Croix-en-Champagne (51197)
 La Neuville-au-Pont (51399)
 La Neuville-aux-Bois (51397)
 Laval-sur-Tourbe (51317)
 Le Chemin (51143)
 Le Châtelier (51133)
 Le Vieil-Dampierre (51619)
 Les Charmontois (51132)
 Maffrécourt (51336)
 Malmy (51341)
 Massiges (51355)
 Minaucourt-le-Mesnil-lès-Hurlus (51368)
 Moiremont (51370)
 Noirlieu (51404)
 Passavant-en-Argonne (51424)
 Rapsécourt (51452)
 Remicourt (51456)
 Rouvroy-Ripont (51470)
Saint-Jean-sur-Tourbe (51491)
 Saint-Mard-sur-Auve (51498)
 Saint-Mard-sur-le-Mont (51500)
 Saint-Remy-sur-Bussy (51515)
 Saint-Thomas-en-Argonne (51519)
 Sainte-Menehould (51507)
 Servon-Melzicourt (51533)
 Sivry-Ante (51537)
 Somme-Bionne (51543)
 Somme-Tourbe (51547)
 Somme-Yèvre (51549)
 Sommepy-Tahure (51544)
 Tilloy-et-Bellay (51572)
 Valmy (51588)
 Verrières (51610)
 Vienne-la-Ville (51620)
 Vienne-le-Château (51621)
 Ville-sur-Tourbe (51640)
 Villers-en-Argonne (51632)
 Virginy (51646)
 Voilemont (51650)
 Wargemoulin-Hurlus (51659)
 Éclaires (51222)
 Élise-Daucourt (51228)
 Épense (51229)
The communes in the arrondissement with more inhabitants are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Marne department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Sainte-Menehould
A multiplication table is a tool used to learn how to multiply two numbers. The oldest known multiplication tables were written by the Babylonians about 4000 years ago. Many people think it is important to know how to multiply two numbers by heart, usually up to 12 × 12, 30 × 30, 50 × 50, or 100 × 100.

Most children are introduced to the two, five and 10 times tables by year two - at the age of six and seven. Between the age of seven and eight, children start to learn the three, four and eight times tables. The hardest multiplication is 6×8, which students got wrong 63% of the time. This was closely followed by 8×6, then 11×12, 12×8 and 8×12. The easiest multiplication, on the other hand, was 1×12, which students got wrong less than 5% of the time, followed by 1×6 and 9×1.
In a multiplication table, a number on the first column is multiplied by a number on the first row. The number they corner up to is the answer. In the table below, 21 and 18 are multiplied to get 378, using the table. The numbers in bold are squares (numbers multiplied by themselves).

Warring States decimal multiplication table 

A group of 21 strips of bamboo from 305 BC from the Warring States period is the world's oldest known decimal multiplication table.

Examples 
The traditional form of multiplication tables are written in columns with complete number sentences, instead of the standard modern grid. This form is also taught in the schools. Some examples of traditional form of multiplication tables are multiplication tables of 6 and 7 given below.

Other operations 

Addition and Division can also have their own tables. Similarly, Subtraction can also have its own table, although it is not commonly used.
In mathematics, a division table, like multiplication table, is a mathematical table used to define a division operation for an algebraic system, or to obtain the solution to a certain equation. The division symbol ÷ is used in the division table, known as the obelus. It was first used to signify division in 1659. Mathematicians however, almost never use the ÷ symbol for division. Instead they use fraction notation, called the vinculum. Division tables are used for finding the Quotient in the Long division.

References

Arithmetics
A magistrate is a law officer who administers the law in a court. The term varies in its use in different countries.

Early years 
In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers. They had judicial and executive powers.

Recent examples 
In some parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court. They usually deal with minor or preliminary matters. In England and Wales there are two types of magistrates: justices of the peace and district judges.

Law occupations
The arrondissement of Chaumont is an arrondissement of France, in the Haute-Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Chaumont.

History
When the Haute-Marne department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Chaumont was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Chaumont is in the centre of the Haute-Marne department. It is bordered to the north by the Saint-Dizier arrondissement, to the east by the Vosges department, to the south by the Langres arrondissement, to the southwest by the Côte-d'Or department and to the west by the Aube department.

The arrondissement of Chaumont is the largest arrondissement of the department, with an area , but the second in population (64,970 inhabitants) with a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Chaumont, there are eight cantons and four of them do not have all their "communes" in the arrondissement:

 Bologne (5201) (partly)
 Bourbonne-les-Bains (5202) (partly)
 Châteauvillain (5204)
 Chaumont-1 (5205)
 Chaumont-2 (5206)
 Chaumont-3 (5207)
 Nogent (5211) (partly)
 Poissons (5212) (partly)

Communes
The arrondissement of Chaumont has 159 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Ageville (52001)
 Aillianville (52003)
 Aizanville (52005)
 Andelot-Blancheville (52008)
 Annéville-la-Prairie (52011)
 Arc-en-Barrois (52017)
 Aubepierre-sur-Aube (52022)
 Audeloncourt (52025)
 Autreville-sur-la-Renne (52031)
 Bassoncourt (52038)
 Biesles (52050)
 Blaisy (52053)
 Blessonville (52056)
 Bologne (52058)
 Bourdons-sur-Rognon (52061)
 Bourg-Sainte-Marie (52063)
 Bourmont-entre-Meuse-et-Mouzon (52150)
 Brainville-sur-Meuse (52067)
 Braux-le-Châtel (52069)
 Brethenay (52072)
 Breuvannes-en-Bassigny (52074)
 Briaucourt (52075)
 Bricon (52076)
 Bugnières (52082)
 Busson (52084)
 Buxières-lès-Clefmont (52085)
 Buxières-lès-Villiers (52087)
 Chalvraines (52095)
 Chambroncourt (52097)
 Champigneulles-en-Bassigny (52101)
 Chantraines (52107)
 Châteauvillain (52114)
 Chaumont (52121)
 Chaumont-la-Ville (52122)
 Chamarandes-Choignes (52125)
 Choiseul (52127)
 Cirey-lès-Mareilles (52128)
 Cirfontaines-en-Azois (52130)
 Clefmont (52132)
 Clinchamp (52133)
 Colombey-les-Deux-Églises (52140)
 Condes (52141)
Condes (52141)
 Consigny (52142)
 Coupray (52146)
 Cour-l'Évêque (52151)
 Curmont (52157)
 Cuves (52159)
 Daillancourt (52160)
 Daillecourt (52161)
 Dancevoir (52165)
 Darmannes (52167)
 Dinteville (52168)
 Doncourt-sur-Meuse (52174)
 Ecot-la-Combe (52183)
 Esnouveaux (52190)
 Euffigneix (52193)
 Forcey (52204)
 Foulain (52205)
 Froncles (52211)
 La Genevroye (52214)
 Germainvilliers (52217)
 Giey-sur-Aujon (52220)
 Gillancourt (52221)
 Goncourt (52225)
 Graffigny-Chemin (52227)
 Guindrecourt-sur-Blaise (52232)
 Hâcourt (52234)
 Harréville-les-Chanteurs (52237)
 Huilliécourt (52243)
 Humberville (52245)
 Illoud (52247)
 Is-en-Bassigny (52248)
 Jonchery (52251)
 Juzennecourt (52253)
 Lachapelle-en-Blaisy (52254)
 Lafauche (52256)
 Laferté-sur-Aube (52258)
 Lamancine (52260)
 Lanques-sur-Rognon (52271)
 Lanty-sur-Aube (52272)
 Latrecey-Ormoy-sur-Aube (52274)
 Laville-aux-Bois (52276)
 Lavilleneuve-au-Roi (52278)
 Leffonds (52282)
 Leurville (52286)
 Levécourt (52287)
 Liffol-le-Petit (52289)
Longchamp (52291)
 Louvières (52295)
 Luzy-sur-Marne (52297)
 Maisoncelles (52301)
 Malaincourt-sur-Meuse (52304)
 Mandres-la-Côte (52305)
 Manois (52306)
 Maranville (52308)
 Marbéville (52310)
 Mareilles (52313)
 Marnay-sur-Marne (52315)
 Mennouveaux (52319)
 Merrey (52320)
 Meures (52322)
 Millières (52325)
 Mirbel (52326)
 Montheries (52330)
 Montot-sur-Rognon (52335)
 Morionvilliers (52342)
 Neuilly-sur-Suize (52349)
 Ninville (52352)
 Nogent (52353)
 Noyers (52358)
 Orges (52365)
 Ormoy-lès-Sexfontaines (52367)
 Orquevaux (52369)
 Oudincourt (52371)
 Outremécourt (52372)
 Ozières (52373)
 Perrusse (52385)
 Poinson-lès-Nogent (52396)
 Pont-la-Ville (52399)
 Poulangy (52401)
 Prez-sous-Lafauche (52407)
 Rangecourt (52416)
 Rennepont (52419)
 Reynel (52420)
 Riaucourt (52421)
 Richebourg (52422)
 Rimaucourt (52423)
 Rizaucourt-Buchey (52426)
 Rochefort-sur-la-Côte (52428)
 Romain-sur-Meuse (52433)
 Saint-Blin (52444)
 Saint-Thiébault (52455)
 Sarcey (52459)
 Semilly (52468)
 Semoutiers-Montsaon (52469)
Sexfontaines (52472)
 Signéville (52473)
 Silvarouvres (52474)
 Sommerécourt (52476)
 Soncourt-sur-Marne (52480)
 Soulaucourt-sur-Mouzon (52482)
 Thivet (52488)
 Thol-lès-Millières (52489)
 Treix (52494)
 Vaudrecourt (52505)
 Vaudrémont (52506)
 Verbiesles (52514)
 Vesaignes-sous-Lafauche (52517)
 Vesaignes-sur-Marne (52518)
 Viéville (52522)
 Vignes-la-Côte (52523)
 Vignory (52524)
 Villars-en-Azois (52525)
 Villiers-le-Sec (52535)
 Villiers-sur-Suize (52538)
 Vitry-lès-Nogent (52541)
 Vouécourt (52547)
 Vraincourt (52548)
 Vroncourt-la-Côte (52549)
The communes in the arrondissement with more inhabitants are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Haute-Marne department
 Communes of the Haute-Marne department

References

Chaumont
The arrondissement of Langres is an arrondissement of France, in the Haute-Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Langres.

History
When the Haute-Marne department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Langres was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Langres is in the southern part of the Haute-Marne department. It is bordered to the north by the Chaumont arrondissement, to the northeast by the Vosges department, to the southeast by the Haute-Saône department, and to the south and west by the Côte-d'Or department.

The arrondissement of Langres is the second largest arrondissement of the department, with an area , but the one with fewest inhabitants (44,332 inhabitants) and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Langres, there are five cantons and two of them do not have all their "communes" in the arrondissement:

 Bourbonne-les-Bains (5202) (partly)
 Chalindrey (5203)
 Langres (5210)
 Nogent (5211) (partly)
 Villegusien-le-Lac (5216)

Communes
The arrondissement of Langres has 157 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Aigremont (52002)
 Andilly-en-Bassigny (52009)
 Anrosey (52013)
 Aprey (52014)
 Arbigny-sous-Varennes (52015)
 Arbot (52016)
 Auberive (52023)
 Aujeurres (52027)
 Aulnoy-sur-Aube (52028)
 Avrecourt (52033)
 Baissey (52035)
 Bannes (52037)
 Bay-sur-Aube (52040)
 Beauchemin (52042)
 Belmont (52043)
 Bize (52051)
 Bonnecourt (52059)
 Bourbonne-les-Bains (52060)
 Bourg (52062)
 Brennes (52070)
 Champsevraine (52083)
 Celles-en-Bassigny (52089)
 Celsoy (52090)
 Chalancey (52092)
 Chalindrey (52093)
 Champigny-lès-Langres (52102)
 Champigny-sous-Varennes (52103)
 Changey (52105)
 Chanoy (52106)
 Charmes (52108)
 Chassigny (52113)
 Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse (52400)
 Chatenay-Mâcheron (52115)
 Chatenay-Vaudin (52116)
 Chaudenay (52119)
 Chauffourt (52120)
 Chézeaux (52124)
 Choilley-Dardenay (52126)
 Cohons (52134)
 Coiffy-le-Bas (52135)
 Coiffy-le-Haut (52136)
 Colmier-le-Bas (52137)
 Colmier-le-Haut (52138)
 Coublanc (52145)
 Courcelles-en-Montagne (52147)
 Culmont (52155)
 Cusey (52158)
 Dammartin-sur-Meuse (52162)
Dampierre (52163)
 Damrémont (52164)
 Dommarien (52170)
 Enfonvelle (52185)
 Farincourt (52195)
 Faverolles (52196)
 Fayl-Billot (52197)
 Flagey (52200)
 Frécourt (52207)
 Fresnes-sur-Apance (52208)
 Genevrières (52213)
 Germaines (52216)
 Gilley (52223)
 Grandchamp (52228)
 Grenant (52229)
 Guyonvelle (52233)
 Heuilley-le-Grand (52240)
 Haute-Amance (52242)
 Humes-Jorquenay (52246)
 Isômes (52249)
 Laferté-sur-Amance (52257)
 Laneuvelle (52264)
 Langres (52269)
 Larivière-Arnoncourt (52273)
 Lavernoy (52275)
 Lavilleneuve (52277)
 Lecey (52280)
 Leuchey (52285)
 Les Loges (52290)
 Longeau-Percey (52292)
 Maâtz (52298)
 Maizières-sur-Amance (52303)
 Marac (52307)
 Marcilly-en-Bassigny (52311)
 Mardor (52312)
 Melay (52318)
 Montcharvot (52328)
 Le Montsaugeonnais (52405)
 Mouilleron (52344)
 Neuilly-l'Évêque (52348)
 Neuvelle-lès-Voisey (52350)
 Noidant-Chatenoy (52354)
 Noidant-le-Rocheux (52355)
 Occey (52360)
 Orbigny-au-Mont (52362)
 Orbigny-au-Val (52363)
 Orcevaux (52364)
 Ormancey (52366)
Ormancey (52366)
 Le Pailly (52374)
 Palaiseul (52375)
 Parnoy-en-Bassigny (52377)
 Peigney (52380)
 Perrancey-les-Vieux-Moulins (52383)
 Perrogney-les-Fontaines (52384)
 Pierremont-sur-Amance (52388)
 Pisseloup (52390)
 Plesnoy (52392)
 Poinsenot (52393)
 Poinson-lès-Fayl (52394)
 Poinson-lès-Grancey (52395)
 Poiseul (52397)
 Praslay (52403)
 Pressigny (52406)
 Rançonnières (52415)
 Rivières-le-Bois (52424)
 Rivière-les-Fosses (52425)
 Rochetaillée (52431)
 Rolampont (52432)
 Rouelles (52437)
 Rougeux (52438)
 Rouvres-sur-Aube (52439)
 Saint-Broingt-le-Bois (52445)
 Saint-Broingt-les-Fosses (52446)
 Saint-Ciergues (52447)
 Saints-Geosmes (52449)
 Saint-Loup-sur-Aujon (52450)
 Saint-Martin-lès-Langres (52452)
 Saint-Maurice (52453)
 Saint-Vallier-sur-Marne (52457)
 Sarrey (52461)
 Saulles (52464)
 Saulxures (52465)
 Savigny (52467)
 Serqueux (52470)
 Soyers (52483)
 Ternat (52486)
 Torcenay (52492)
 Tornay (52493)
 Vaillant (52499)
 Val-de-Meuse (52332)
 Le Val-d'Esnoms (52189)
 Valleroy (52503)
Valleroy (52503)
 Vals-des-Tilles (52094)
 Varennes-sur-Amance (52504)
 Vauxbons (52507)
 Velles (52513)
 Verseilles-le-Bas (52515)
 Verseilles-le-Haut (52516)
 Vesvres-sous-Chalancey (52519)
 Vicq (52520)
 Villars-Santenoge (52526)
 Villegusien-le-Lac (52529)
 Villiers-lès-Aprey (52536)
 Violot (52539)
 Vitry-en-Montagne (52540)
 Vivey (52542)
 Voisey (52544)
 Voisines (52545)
 Voncourt (52546)
The communes in the arrondissement with more inhabitants are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Haute-Marne department
 Communes of the Haute-Marne department

References

Langres
The arrondissement of Saint-Dizier is an arrondissement of France, in the Haute-Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Saint-Dizier.

History
When the Haute-Marne department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Saint-Dizier was part of that original department.

In 1800, the subprefecture was moved to Wassy. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Wassy was eliminated but in 1940 Wassy was made again an arrondissement but the subprefecture was moved back to Saint-Dizier.

Geography
The arrondissement of Saint-Dizier is the most northern of the arrondissements of the Haute-Marne department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Meuse department, to the southeast by the Vosges department, to the south by the Arrondissement of Chaumont arrondissement, to the west by the Aube department and to the northwest by the Marne department.
The arrondissement of Saint-Dizier is the smallest arrondissement of the department, with an area of , but the one with more inhabitants (71,371 inhabitants) and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

In the arrondissement of Saint-Dizier, there are eight cantons and two of them do not have all their "communes" in the arrondissement:

 Bologne (5201) (partly)
 Eurville-Bienville (5208)
 Joinville (5209)
 Poissons (5212) (partly)
 Saint-Dizier-1 (5213)
 Saint-Dizier-2 (5214)
 Saint-Dizier-3 (5215)
 Wassy (5217)

Communes

The arrondissement of Saint-Dizier has 111 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Aingoulaincourt (52004)
 Allichamps (52006)
 Ambonville (52007)
 Annonville (52012)
 Arnancourt (52019)
 Attancourt (52021)
 Autigny-le-Grand (52029)
 Autigny-le-Petit (52030)
 Bailly-aux-Forges (52034)
 Baudrecourt (52039)
 Bayard-sur-Marne (52265)
 Bettancourt-la-Ferrée (52045)
 Beurville (52047)
 Blécourt (52055)
 Blumeray (52057)
 Bouzancourt (52065)
 Brachay (52066)
 Brousseval (52079)
 Ceffonds (52088)
 Cerisières (52091)
 Chamouilley (52099)
 Chancenay (52104)
 Charmes-en-l'Angle (52109)
 Charmes-la-Grande (52110)
 Chatonrupt-Sommermont (52118)
 Chevillon (52123)
 Cirey-sur-Blaise (52129)
 Cirfontaines-en-Ornois (52131)
 Courcelles-sur-Blaise (52149)
 Curel (52156)
 Domblain (52169)
 Dommartin-le-Franc (52171)
 Dommartin-le-Saint-Père (52172)
 Domremy-Landéville (52173)
 Donjeux (52175)
 Doulaincourt-Saucourt (52177)
 Doulevant-le-Château (52178)
 Doulevant-le-Petit (52179)
 Échenay (52181)
 Éclaron-Braucourt-Sainte-Livière (52182)
 Effincourt (52184)
 Épizon (52187)
 Eurville-Bienville (52194)
Fays (52198)
 Ferrière-et-Lafolie (52199)
 Flammerécourt (52201)
 Fontaines-sur-Marne (52203)
 Frampas (52206)
 Fronville (52212)
 Germay (52218)
 Germisay (52219)
 Gillaumé (52222)
 Gudmont-Villiers (52230)
 Guindrecourt-aux-Ormes (52231)
 Hallignicourt (52235)
 Humbécourt (52244)
 Joinville (52250)
 Laneuville-à-Rémy (52266)
 Laneuville-au-Pont (52267)
 Leschères-sur-le-Blaiseron (52284)
 Lezéville (52288)
 Louvemont (52294)
 Magneux (52300)
 Maizières (52302)
 Mathons (52316)
 Mertrud (52321)
 Moëslains (52327)
 Montreuil-sur-Blaise (52336)
 Montreuil-sur-Thonnance (52337)
 Morancourt (52341)
 Mussey-sur-Marne (52346)
 Narcy (52347)
 Nomécourt (52356)
 Noncourt-sur-le-Rongeant (52357)
 Nully (52359)
 Osne-le-Val (52370)
 Pancey (52376)
 Paroy-sur-Saulx (52378)
 Perthes (52386)
 Planrupt (52391)
 Poissons (52398)
 La Porte-du-Der (52331)
 Rachecourt-Suzémont (52413)
 Rachecourt-sur-Marne (52414)
 Rives-Dervoises (52411)
 Roches-Bettaincourt (52044)
 Roches-sur-Marne (52429)
 Rouécourt (52436)
Rouécourt (52436)
 Rouvroy-sur-Marne (52440)
 Rupt (52442)
 Sailly (52443)
 Saint-Dizier (52448)
 Saint-Urbain-Maconcourt (52456)
 Saudron (52463)
 Sommancourt (52475)
 Sommevoire (52479)
 Suzannecourt (52484)
 Thilleux (52487)
 Thonnance-les-Moulins (52491)
 Thonnance-lès-Joinville (52490)
 Trémilly (52495)
 Troisfontaines-la-Ville (52497)
 Valcourt (52500)
 Valleret (52502)
 Vaux-sur-Blaise (52510)
 Vaux-sur-Saint-Urbain (52511)
 Vecqueville (52512)
 Ville-en-Blaisois (52528)
 Villiers-en-Lieu (52534)
 Voillecomte (52543)
 Wassy (52550)
The communes in the arrondissement with more inhabitants are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Haute-Marne department
 Communes of the Haute-Marne department

References

Saint-Dizier
Herod I ( 74/73 BCE – 4 BCE/1 CE), also known as Herod the Great, was the King of Judea from 37 to 4 BC. At the time Judea was a client state of Rome. During his 33 year reign, Herod was an excellent leader. But he is most famous for the Bible account of his  killing the boys of Bethlehem. While this massacre of innocents is not confirmed by other historical records, Herod did murder countless rivals, a mother-in-law, a wife and three of his sons.
Rise to power 
Herod was born about 73–75 BC. He was the son of Antipater the Idumaean and his wife Cyprus, the daughter of an Arabian sheik. Both Herod's grandfather and his father were political officials in Judea. Both had close ties to the Romans. When Antipater came to the aid of Julius Caesar after the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, Caesar made Antipater the governor of Judea. In 47 BC Antipater made his oldest son, phasael, the governor of Jerusalem. He made Herod governor of Galilee. As governor, Herod won favor with the Romans by his dealing with hostile revolts. At the same time his actions were censured by the Great Sanhedrin.

King of Judea 
Herod was friends with Octavian and Mark Antony who in 40 BC had the Roman Senate designate Herod as the next king of Judea. Herod traveled to the Temple of Jupiter to give thanks to the gods of Rome. When the king of Judea was beheaded in 37 BC, Herod became the de facto king.
Herod saw himself as the perfect example of a refined king even if Bible writers saw him as a tyrant. He became completely involved in Greco-Roman history, culture and philosophy. At the same time he began neglecting the affairs of state and the study of Halakha (Jewish law). He needed the consent of the Pharisees in order to rule so he kept trying to gain their approval in a number of ways. He never won them over completely. When he built the Caesarea Maritima (22–10 BC) in honor of his patron Caesar Augustus, the pagan symbols decorating his cities upset the Jewish leaders.  He organized fights between gladiators every five years and celebrated with orgies, which further upset the Jewish leaders. In 20 BC, Herod turned his attention to building the renovations for the Second Temple, also called Herod's Temple. While Herod wanted the temple to be the crowning monument to the Jewish faith, he used Greek architects. He allowed moneylenders to operate in the temple courtyard which angered many Jews.
His greatest religious scandal was digging up King David's Tomb to find the treasure it was rumoured to contain. He had spent great sums of money on his other projects and thought that by secretly robbing the tomb he could profit from any treasure he found there. But on opening the tomb, there was no treasure.

He rebuilt the fortresses at Masada and Herodium. After a severe earthquake in 31 BC, he built a new market, a new 
amphitheater and a new building for the Sanhedrin. He built a new royal palace for himself. He also improved the water supply for Jerusalem.
Domestic life 
Herod is thought to have had as many as nine wives and may have been married to more than one at a time. He had a large number of concubines. Herod seems to have been plagued by paranoia. He continuously thought there were conspiracies and plots to overthrow him as king. He may have married too often and produced too many sons. Herod worried each one was plotting to take his place. In all he had three of sons killed. He became suspicious of the brother of his favourite wife, Mariamme, and had him drowned in a game of water polo. He ordered Mariamme's grandfather killed and finally, Mariamme herself. 

As Herod realized he would die soon, he ordered all the leading men in Judea to be brought together in a large arena. As soon as the king died, they were all to be put to death. This was to keep others from celebrating his death. Herod had probably been suffering from chronic kidney disease, gangrene and possibly other diseases that left him mentally unbalanced.

References
References

Other websites 
 Herod the Great — A legacy in Stone; YouTube
 Bible Mysteries Herod and the Bethlehem Massacre English documentary on BBC Part 1; YouTube

Kings and queens
Jerusalem
4 BC
Maxwell is a Gauss unit of cgs(centimetre-gram-second) on magnetic flux, named after James Clerk Maxwell and introduced by Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Magnetism
SI derived units
Linus Gabriel Sebastian is a host of the YouTube channels LinusTechTips, TechQuickie, TechLinked, ShortCircuit, and ChannelSuperFun. He is the founder of LinusMediaGroup, a company dedicated to creating videos for these channels. In 2015, Inc. magazine ranked Sebastian 4th in a list of the "Top 30 Power Players in Tech".

References 

Canadian YouTubers
1986 births
Background 
In 1824 the Era of Good Feelings had come to an end. Up to this time one political party, the Democratic-Republicans, had dominated American politics. When James Monroe did not support a candidate to succeed him, it allowed a wide-open campaign for president in 1824.
In the summer of 1824, about one-third of the eligible congressmen met in an informal caucus to nominate Crawford to be president. The Massachusetts legislature followed by nominating Adams as their favorite son candidate. Clay was nominated by the Kentucky legislature. Calhoun decided to run for Vice President instead. All four candidates were Democrat-Republicans so there was no official party endorsement. 
By this time the Federalist Party no longer existed.
The candidates  
Monroe turned out to be the last of the Virginia dynasty of presidents. But three members of his cabinet decided to run. Adams, from Massachusetts, was the Secretary of State. Crawford, from Georgia, was the Secretary of the Treasury. Calhoun, of South Carolina, was the Secretary of War. Clay, nearly as popular in the Western territories as Jackson, was the powerful Speaker of the House of Representatives. As a heroic General, Jackson was by far the best known by the public. He had only a brief term in Congress and had been a territorial governor. He had few other qualifications. He was not experienced in diplomacy, never held a cabinet post and did not speak any foreign languages. Up to this time all U.S. presidents had diplomatic and administrative experience before becoming president.
Adams, was undoubtedly the most qualified to be president. He was a son of the second president and had studied at Harvard College. He was fluent in Dutch, French and German. In 1794 he was the U.S. minister to the Netherlands. During his father's presidency he served as the minister to Prussia. Under President Madison he helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ending the War of 1812. As Secretary of State he played a key role in foreign policy. Adams helped to formulate the Monroe Doctrine. He was elected to the Massachusetts legislature in 1802 and the next year was elected to the United States Senate.

Adams, however, almost completely lacked charisma. He wasn't able to generate much excitement as someone like Jackson could. If he had campaigned in person, his appearance would have prevented him from getting many votes. He described himself saying "I am a man of reserved, cold, austere and forbidding manners."
Calhoun was a strong Jeffersonian Republican. He was elected in 1807 to South Carolina's state legislature and in 1811 he represented his state in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was in favor of a war against Great Britain as early as 1807. In 1817 he became secretary of war under James Madison. Calhoun briefly ran for president in 1824, but withdrew early and ran for vice president instead.

Henry Clay was a leading candidate in 1824. He was born in Virginia in 1777. After becoming a lawyer in Virginia in 1797, he moved to Kentucky to establish a law practice there. He was elected to the Kentucky General Assembly in 1803. Another follower of Jeffersonian politics he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1811. There he served several terms eventually rising to become Speaker of the House. He was one of the five delegates from the U.S. who negotiated the Peace Treaty at Ghent. It was Clay who proposed and got the passage of the Missouri Compromise in 1820.
Results
There were a total of 261 electoral votes needed to win, with the winning candidate needing to get 131 of them. However, no candidate did. Andrew Jackson got first place in both the electoral vote and popular vote, but he didn't get close to 131, getting just 99. Adams placed second with 84, Crawford third with 41 and Clay with 37. The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution said that if this happened, the House of Representatives would vote on who would be president. Only the top three candidates would get to be voted on, though, so Clay officially lost. However, Clay, being the House Speaker, had a lot of power. He liked John Quincy Adams and hated Andrew Jackson. His influence likely gave Adams the win, able to secure just enough votes. In this House vote, there was one vote from each state. There were 24 states, which meant 24 votes would be given. The majority number of votes was 13. Adams got 13, so he just barely won. Jackson got 7, and Crawford got 4.
Aftermath
Jackson and his supporters became really mad at Adams and Clay. Jackson began accusing Adams and Clay of making a "corrupt bargain", where in exchange for Adams becoming president, Clay would become his Secretary of State. It didn't help when Adams actually did make Clay his Secretary of State. It effected Adams' presidency over its entire four years, and would make Adams lose in the next election in 1828.

Election results 
There was no election "day" in 1824. All through the fall of 1824, voters cast their ballots either for individual candidates or for electors to vote in the Electoral College. Electors were chosen in the states of Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, New York, South Carolina and Vermont. Some electors were pledged to support certain candidates while others were not. Of those who were pledged, some changed their minds and voted for another candidate.
House of Representatives 
Jackson received the majority of the popular vote and the majority of the electoral vote. But, no candidate received the necessary 131 electoral votes required by the Constitution. Based on the Twelfth Amendment, the election would be decided by the House of Representatives between the top three candidates. Clay, as the fourth candidate, was eliminated. But, as Speaker of the House he would play a large part in the decision of who would become president. Clay used all his influence to support Adams. He also convinced other members of the House that Jackson was not qualified to be president. This was in spite of the fact that Clay had instructions from the Kentucky legislature to vote for Jackson. Clay's arguments apparently succeeded and Adams was elected president by the House on February 9, 1825. A few days later, Adams nominated Clay to be his Secretary of State.
Aftermath 
Andrew Jackson and his supporters called the actions of Clay and Adams a "corrupt bargain." The presidential race of 1828 began even before Adams was sworn in as president. The apparent agreement between Adams and Clay was used to show the corruption of the system that ignored the will of the people. Jackson began campaigning as the "champion of the common man".

The 1824 election caused several changes to American presidential politics. It was the end of the system of Congressional caucuses for nominating candidates. From 1800 to 1820, Congressional caucuses selected presidential candidates. There was very little direct voter involvement in the system. But in 1824, only one candidate was selected by a caucus. The other candidates decided to appeal directly to the people. This led to a major change in the system. By the 1830s politics had become a subject of wide national interest.
The election of 1824 saw the end of the one-party political system. The Democratic-Republicans split into two parties. The new Democratic Party was formed by Jackson and his followers. The National Republican Party (not to be confused with the later Republican Party) was led by Adams and Clay.

Jackson resigned his Senate seat returning to Tennessee. He and his followers began the groundwork for his 1828 presidential campaign. His support grew across the United States. In Congress, his supporters opposed spending programs put forward by Adams. Jackson was the champion of the common man while Adams was said to represent everything that was wrong in American politics. After three years in office, Adams accomplished very little. This was in part because of his own shortcomings and in part by the pressure put on him by Jackson's followers.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 The Election of 1824; YouTube
 Andrew Jackson and the "Corrupt Bargain" of the 1824 Election; YouTube

1824 in the United States
1824
Wigan Warriors are a rugby league club from Wigan, United Kingdom. Wigan play in Super League and have won 21 league championships, 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club titles. Wigan play at the DW Stadium.

Rugby league clubs
Wigan
The Super League is a rugby league competition for clubs from the United Kingdom and France. The league started in 1996 and Wigan Warriors are the current champions, having won the 2016 title.

Current teams

Castleford Tigers
Catalans Dragons
Huddersfield Giants
Hull F.C.
Leigh Centurions
Leeds Rhinos
Salford Red Devils
St Helens R.F.C.
Wakefield Trinity
Warrington Wolves
Widnes Vikings
Wigan Warriors

Former teams

Bradford Bulls
Hull Kingston Rovers
London Broncos
Newcastle Thunder
North Wales Crusaders
Sheffield Eagles
Workington Town

Winners

Leeds Rhinos (7): 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015
St Helens (6): 1996, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006 and 2014
Bradford (4): 1997, 2001, 2003 and 2005
Wigan (4): 1998, 2010, 2013 and 2016

Rugby league
Nissan Navara (also called Nissan Frontier) is a pickup truck from Nissan. The line began around 1997. It replaced the Datsun Hardbody trucks.

The Navara is named for the Navarre region in northern Spain.

The truck is available in two and four doors.

References

Nissan automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Andrew Franklin "Andy" Puzder (born July 11, 1950) is the chief executive of CKE Restaurants. He received his Juris Doctor in 1978 from Washington University School of Law in St. Louis where he served as senior editor on the Law Review. Puzder has served as president and CEO of CKE since September 2000.

On December 8, 2016, Puzder was named as President-elect Donald Trump's nominee for United States Secretary of Labor. He withdrew as the nominee on February 15, 2017.

References

1950 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Cleveland
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Politicians from Cleveland
Politicians from Tennessee
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Tennessee
Lawyers from Cleveland
Joseph Mascolo (March 13, 1929 – December 8, 2016) was an American musician and former dramatic actor. 

Mascolo was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. He studied at the University of Miami and at the United States Military Academy. He began acting in 1957. 

During his long career, he has acted in many movies such as Jaws 2, Heat and The Trail of the Incredible Hulk. He was best known for playing super villian Stefano DiMera, a role he originated in 1982 on NBC's Days of Our Lives until his retirement in January 2016.

Mascolo was married to Rose Maimone in 1953. She died in 1986. They had one son. Mascolo then married Patricia Schultz in 2005. He lived in Los Angeles. California. Mascolo was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2015 and suffered a crippling stroke the same year.

Mascolo died on December 8, 2016 at his home in Los Angeles from complication of the disease, aged 87. He was survived by his wife Patricia, his sister Marie, his son Peter and a step-daughter Laura.

References

Other websites
Other websites

His Personal Website

1929 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American movie actors
American television actors
Musicians from Connecticut
Actors from Connecticut
People from West Hartford, Connecticut
Associação Chapecoense de Futebol is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 Copa Sudamericana : 1
 2016

Brazilian football clubs
1976 establishments in Brazil
Virtual reality (often just called VR) is the name for computer technology that makes a person feel like they are somewhere else.  It uses software to produce images, sounds, and other sensations to create a different place so that a user feels like he or she is really part of this other place.  That other place can be a real place (to take a tour in another country, for instance) or imaginary (playing a game). 

A user uses a headset which consists of a screen to project the content, and speakers to produce sounds. The technology to do this needs special display screens or projectors and other devices.  Often the picture will change when the user moves their head, they may be able to "walk" through this virtual space and to see things in that space from different directions, and maybe move things in that space.  Haptic feedback might also be used to help make it seem more real - haptic feedback uses special gloves that make it feel like you touched something in real life.
Virtual reality is different than augmented reality, which shows the real place that a person is in, but changes or adds to it.  Pokémon Go is an example of augmented reality. Augmented reality headsets are also commercially available such as the Microsoft HoloLens.
Martisberg was a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Martisberg and Betten merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

Former municipalities of Valais
Mörel was a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Mörel and Filet merged into the new municipality of Mörel-Filet.

Former municipalities of Valais
Bettmeralp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Before the merger, Bettmeralp was the name of a village and ski resort in Betten.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Bettmeralp 

2014 establishments in Switzerland
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Municipalities in Raron
Villages in Valais
Vincent Laforet (born 1975, Switzerland) is a French American director and photographer.

Laforet shared the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography. The other photographers who won were: Stephen Crowley, Chang Lee, James Hill, and Ruth Fremson. The group worked for The New York Times. They covered events outside of the United States after the September 11 attacks.

References

Living people
American movie directors
American photographers
1975 births
Ponte Preta is a Brazilian soccer club.

Other websites 
 Ponte Preta official website

Brazilian football clubs
Clube Náutico Capibaribe also known as Náutico, is a Brazilian sports club, including a professional football team, in Recife, Pernambuco. Náutico, as of 2021, is competing in the Série B.

Brazilian football clubs
Recife
1931 establishments in Brazil
Raising Hope is an American sitcom. It aired from September 21, 2010, to April 4, 2014, on Fox.

The show aired during prime time, a block of television viewing time in the peak evening hours. The show averaged over 6 million viewers per episode in the first season. The show was also broadcast internationally. It aired in Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. It was broadcast by I.Sat in Latin America.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
 

American sitcoms
2010s American television series
2010 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
Citropsis articulata is a type of flowering plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is native to tropical West Africa.

The plant and fruit are known by many names. Some of the names are: African cherry orange, West African cherry orange, Uganda cherry orange, Agbalumo, Udara, Otien, and Omuboro.

References

Rutaceae
The Mannheim Steamroller is a neoclassical new-age music group. It was founded by Chip Davis. The group is well-known for mixing classical music with new aged and rock music. They also do Christmas music.

Their music is done using the Fresh Aire series of studio albums. They have sold over 28 million albums worldwide.

The Mannheim Steamroller was founded in 1974.

Rock bands
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Christmas music is songs that relate to Christmas and New Year's. The music is normally heard during the holiday season.

Music was an early part of Christmas and its celebrations.

During the Middle Ages, the English people combined circle dances with singing and called them carols. Christmas carols in English first appeared in a 1426 work from John Audelay. 

Traditional Christmas songs are "Silent Night", "Deck the Halls" and "God Rest You Merry Gentlemen".

Modern Christmas songs include "Jingle Bell Rock", "The Christmas Song", "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", "Sleigh Ride", "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree" and "I'll Be Home for Christmas".

References
“Ta Moko” means tattoo art in Maori.
Often these tattoos covered the whole face and were a symbol of rank, social status, power and prestige for the Maori people.
Ta Moko is a visual language which connects the person who has it to his “whakapapa”. Whakapapa is the family, it’s the genealogical tree, so there is nothing which links religion to Ta Moko. 
Ta Moko symbolises identification with their origins. It is considered to be beautiful but ferocious because they have to frighten their enemies. The Maori facial tattoo was used as a kind of “identification card”.
These tattoos look like animals or geometric shapes. The most popular tattoo is “the tortoise”. 
The technique of making tattooes leaves scars. Traditional tools to make Ta Moko are albatross bone chisels and black ink. A Maori tattoo takes a lot of time to do; generally the Maori people start tattooing themselves in adolescence and they finish in adulthood. They take years to be finished. But a real Ta Moko is very painful. The tattoo artist removes your skin by making wide cuts with a mallet and either a Turtle scale or an Albatross bone. So it takes a long time and you suffer a lot.

Boys start to be tattooed around adolescence but we don’t know when women can start to be tattooed.
Men’s tattooes can be found everywhere on their bodies; whereas women can only have tattooes on their foreheads, necks, lips, chins and backs.
The number of tattooes they have depends on their age, what the people have done in their lives and the place of the person in the tribe. For Maoris these tattooes are like a diary because they are a written record of all the important events and places a man has experienced in his life.

References 

Maori
Body art
Sekkizhar is a Tamil poet and scholar. He lived during the period of Kulothunga Chola II. He was considered an excellent poet. Sekkizhar wrote Periya Puranam. It was originally 4253 poems describing the lives of 63 Shaiva Nayanars.

Life of Sekkizhar
Sekkizhar was born in the village of Kundrathur in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a scholar in vedas as well as Tirumurai (later his work was also been added as a tirumurai). His real name is Ramadevan. He was an inmate in a Vaishnavite shrine near Kanchipuram. He started his works of Periya Puranam when he was in Chidambaram. Among all Puranas in Tamil, Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam stands first. Kulothunga Chola II began to restore Tamil Shaivism that was begun by his ancestors because he was a great devotee of Lord Nataraja (Shiva) at Chidambaram. The king called upon Sekkizhar to compose a poem on the life of Shaiva saints.
In Tamil literature, Periya Puranam, the great poem works of Sekkizhar is considered the fifth veda. It had also took place as the twelfth tirumarai or Shiva canon.

References

Indian poets
Earlier issues 
 
A McDonnell Douglas DC-10, flying as American Airlines Flight 96, had experienced an explosive decompression in the aft cargo hold in June 1972. American Airlines Captain McCormick had managed to land the plane safely. On the ground, it was discovered the rear cargo door had opened in flight. This caused damage to the fuselage, but not the explosive damage in the case of Turkish Flight 981. The two planes were also configured differently above the baggage compartment. There were three rows of extra seats added to TC-JAV, which added a greater overall load to the floor. When the cargo door blew out, the additional seats and passengers were ejected from the plane. Both flights experienced uncontrolled explosive decompression when the cargo door latches failed.
An Airworthiness Directive was immediately issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FFA), calling for strengthening the load floor and control cables. It also required improving the electrical wiring having to do with the cargo door, so that if the cargo door was not closed properly, the light in the cockpit indicating that the door was still open would stay lit.

Crew 
The pilot in command was Nejat (or Mejat) Berkoz, age 44, a former Turkish Air Force pilot and had a total of 7,783 flight hours, and has been with Turkish Airlines for six years. He also had flown the Fokker F27 and the McDonnell Douglas DC-9.

The First Officer was Oral Ulusman, age 38, he had been with Turkish Airlines for five years at the time of the accident, with a total of 5,589 flight hours.

The Flight Engineer was Huseyin Ozer, age 37, he ha had 2,113 flight hours at the time of the accident..

The cabin consisted of eight flight attendants.

Accident
Accident 

TK981 was scheduled to fly from Istanbul to London Heathrow, with a stop in Paris Orly airport. The first leg from IST to ORY went smoothly, with a flying time of four hours. While the ORY-LHR leg usually did not attract many passengers, an ongoing strike by British European Airlines employees meant that the economy cabin was full, with the aircraft originally 167 passengers and 11 crew members for the first leg, 50 disembarked, and 218 more pasengers boarded. The flight departed at 12:32 PM local time.
ATC cleared the aircraft to 6,000 initially, then up to FL230 within 2 minutes of leveling off. Shortly after 1140 hrs, when Turkish Airlines flight TK981 had reached 12,000 (roughly 3,700 m) feet during climb, the Air Traffic Control recorded a transmission in the Turkish language, partly covered by heavy background noise and accompanied by the pressurization warning and then the overspeed warning; and at the same time, the aircraft radar return split in two and the secondary radar label disappeared.

The flight was over Coulommiers, France at the time. A rapid decompression caused the last two rows of seats to be sucked through a large hole in the plane. The loss of the rear left cargo door caused a huge pressurization difference with the cabin right above it. This section was ripped off the aircraft, along with the six passengers seated there. However, the loss of the door resulted in pilots losing access to critical parts of the plane, including the rudder, elevator, and engine two.
Investigation 
The investigation sparked blame on Turkish Airlines and Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of the crisis. The airline had failed to station an engineer on the ground and had reportedly rushed the training process for the DC-10. However, McDonnell-Douglas knew about the flaws with the door design and an NTSB directive after a similar incident had not been implemented.

TK981 went on to become the deadliest single aircraft crash for over a decade, until the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 in 1985, which became the single deadliest aircraft disaster, holding a death toll of 520. The aftermath saw several design changes to the DC-10 to prevent such crashes and renewed scrutiny of the design process.
The accident was the result of the ejection in flight of the aft cargo door on the left-hand side: the sudden depressurization which followed led to the disruption of the floor structure, causing six passengers and parts of the aircraft to be ejected, rendering No 2 engine inoperative and impairing the flight controls (tail surfaces) so that it was impossible for the crew to regain control of the aircraft.

The underlying factor in the sequence of events leading to the accident was the incorrect engagement of the door latching mechanism before take-off. The characteristics of the design of the mechanism made it possible for the vent door to be apparently closed and the cargo door apparently locked when in fact the latches were not fully closed and the lock pins were not in place.

It should be noted, however, that a view port was provided so that there could be a visual check of the engagement of the lock pins.

This defective closing of the door resulted from a combination of various factors: