Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
8213: Gacy House is a 2010 horror movie. It was directed by Dan T. Hall. The plot follows paranormal investigators searching a house that was built on the land of serial killer John Wayne Gacy.

References

Other websites
 
 

2010 crime movies
2010 horror movies
2010 mystery movies
American crime movies
American horror movies
American mystery movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies set in Illinois
Jeong Mong-ju (, Hanja:鄭夢周, 1337 - April 1392) was a Korean Goryo Dynasty politician, writer, poet and thinker. The last Prime Minister of Goryo Dynastys 1390 to 1392. He was murdered by Lee Bang-won (이방원) and Jo yeong-mu (조영무), in Sunjukkyo (선죽교). Another name was 'Mongran' (몽란, 夢蘭) and 'Mongryong' (몽룡, 夢龍), nickname was Poeun (포은, 圃隱).

Books 
 Poeunjip (포은집)
 Poeunsigo (포은시고)

Related pages
 Jeong Do-jeon
 Neo Confucianism

References 

http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=136035
http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=3586

1337 births
1392 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Korean murder victims
Confucianism
Korean writers
Jeong Do-jeon (, Hanja:鄭道傳, 1337(?) - August 26, 1398) was a Korean Goryo Dynasty politician, educators and Joseon Dynasty politician, educator, writer, poet and thinker. First Prime minister of Joseon Dynastys 1392 to 1398. In 1398 he was murdered by Lee Bang-won. Another name was 'Jongji'(종지, 宗之), nickname was Sambong(삼봉, 三峯).

Works 
 Sambongjip (삼봉집, 三峯集)
 Joseongyeonggukjeon (조선경국전, 朝鮮經國典)
 Gyeongjemungam (경제문감, 經濟文鑑)
 Gyeongjeuiron (경제의론, 經濟議論)
 Bulssijapbyeon (불씨잡변, 佛氏雜辨)
 Simmuncheondap (심문천답, 心問天答)
 Simgiri (심기리, 心氣理)
 Hakjajinamdo (학자지남도, 學者指南圖)
 Jinmaekdogyeol (진맥도결, 診脈圖結)
 Goryeoguksa (고려국사, 高麗國史)
 Jinbeop (진법, 陣法)
 Daemyeongryuljikhae (대명률직해, 大明律直解)

Related pages
 Jeong Mong-ju
 Goryeo Dynastys
 Joseon Dynastys
 Neo Confucianism
 Yi Seak
 Gil Jae
 Gyunggukdaejeon

References 

 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=135920
 http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=3622 

1330s births
1398 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Korean murder victims
Confucianism
Korean writers
A swing is a hanging seat. It is usually found in a playground for children. Acrobats in a circus can also have swings which hang from the top of the tent. Sometimes chairs in gardens are made to swing gently.

The seat of a swing is suspended from chains or ropes. The child sits on the swing and kicks off from the ground with his feet.  The swing then starts to swing to and fro.  The child can make the swing go higher by pulling (as he goes forwards) and pushing (as he goes backwards) the rope and by making his legs straight as it goes up. Once a swing is in motion it continues to oscillate like a pendulum until something brings it to a halt.

In children's playgrounds some swings are made for very young children.  They have safety bars with holes for the legs. Their parents can push them to help the swing. At the highest point on a swing, the person sitting on it is weightless.
Usually the ground is grassy, sandy, or padded with rubber so riders do not hurt themselves badly if they fall off, although this should not happen if they are being sensible. Sometimes several swings are hung from one long metal or wooden frame.

Many children have swings in their own gardens or back yards.  A tyre (or tire) can be hung by a rope from the branch of a tree to make a swing.

Playground equipment
is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

As of 2008, the city has an estimated population of 197,437 and a population density of 1,010 people per km². The total area is 194.67 km².

Suzuki is about 83 km east from Nara, and 52 km southwest from Nagoya.

History

In the Edo period, Ishiyakushi-juku and Shōno-juku were 44th and 45th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. Both Tōkaidō rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Suzuka.

In December 1942, two towns and twelve villages were merged to form Suzuka. It was a military administered city, and had a population of 52,000. After World War II, many automotive companies and other industries moved into Suzuka.
Local Dialects 
Suzuka is by the Suzuka Quasi National Park (the boundary between Suzuka and Shiga). Since the industrial boom, it has been a interchange point for the main commuter train lines. With the mix of commuters passing through Suzuka city, the local dialect (hōgen) is a mixture of three, variations of Japanese.

Industry 
Suzuka has a significant industrial base. It has large factories for both Sharp and Honda.

Motor racing circuit 

Suzuka Circuit was the home of the Japanese Grand Prix from 1987 to 2006.

The Grand Prix returned in 2009 and the racing continues through the present.

It was the only figure-of-eight circuit in the championship, and is very popular with the drivers.

Next to the circuit is the Honda Safety Riding/Driving School. Thousands of car and motorcycle drivers have been trained at the school.  Graduates include many police officers and instructors throughout the world.

Gallery

Related pages 
 The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Suzuka City website  
  Hiroshige prints, Ishiyakushi ,  Shono 

Cities in Mie Prefecture
Yeongam is a county in South Jeolla Province of South Korea. It borders Mokpo and Naju to the north, Jangheung County to the east, and Haenam and Gangjin to the south. Yeongam contains two towns, called eups, and nine townships, called myeons. The populated is about 60,000 people, and the county hall is seated in Yeongam-eup.

In 2010, the first ever Korean Grand Prix was held next to the harbor, at the Korean International Circuit. The track was designed by Hermann Tilke. The circuit is part permanent, part temporary. Construction began in 2007, and was completed in September/October 2010. The circuit will host the Grand Prix until 2016. After that, a 5-year option would have to be picked up to keep the race until at least 2021.

Sister cities 
 Huzhou, China
 Yeongdeungpo, Seoul, South Korea

References

Other websites 
 Official website of the County Government

Cities in South Korea
In sociology, alienation is a more complex and difficult idea. Alienation is how people understand themselves in relation to their entire society. A good example of this is how people think of themselves when they are working and doing a job. Karl Marx wrote about this. This kind of alienation happens when people do work that they are not interested in or find boring. However, in almost all societies some people may have to do jobs that they don't like because they need to earn money. This can be seen as a type of alienation because a person's true feelings and their actions are separated and unrelated. On the other hand, a person might feel empowered and connected if they do a job that they do like. Empowerment and the feeling of being connected is the opposite of alienation.

Alienation is also a key element in the existentialism of Sartre and Camus. The connection between these ideas is the theme of Colin Wilson's The Outsider (1956). Anomie is another related idea.

References
References

Other page 
Social isolation

Sociology
Philosophy
The State University of New York, abbreviated SUNY (), is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States. It is the largest comprehensive system of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the world. It has a total enrollment of 465,000 students, plus 1.1 million adult education students.  SUNY has 64 campuses in different places in New York State. The SUNY system has 88,000 faculty members. It awards 7,660 different degree and certificates. The annual budget of SUNY is $10.7 billion. SUNY includes many institutions and four University Centers: Albany (1844), Binghamton (1946), Buffalo (1846), and Stony Brook (1957). SUNY's administrative offices are in Albany.

SUNY comprises all institutions of higher education (above 12th grade) in New York State that are state-supported, but the City University of New York (CUNY) are not a part of SUNY.  CUNY receives money from both SUNY and from New York City.
History
The first colleges in New York State were established privately, with some arising from local seminaries.  New York State has a long history of supported higher education prior to the start of the SUNY system in 1948.  On May 7, 1844, the State legislature voted to establish New York State Normal School in Albany as the first college for teacher education. In 1865 New York created Cornell University as its land grant college. New York began direct financial support of Cornell's statutory colleges in 1894. From 1889 to 1903, Cornell operated the New York State College of Forestry, until the Governor vetoed its annual appropriation.  The school was moved to Syracuse University in 1911.  It is now the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. In 1908, the State legislature began the NY State College of Ceramics at Alfred University.
In 1946-48, the Governor appointed a Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University. It was chaired by Owen D. Young, then-Chairman of the General Electric Company. The Commission studied New York's existing higher education institutions and recommended consolidating them into a state university system. While Thomas E. Dewey was Governor, the state legislature established The State University of New York in 1948. The new law followed the commission's recommendations. The system was greatly expanded during the administration of Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller, who took a personal interest in the design and construction of new SUNY facilities across the state.

On October 8, 1953, SUNY took a historic step of banning national fraternities and sororities that discriminated based on race or religion from its 33 campuses. Various fraternities challenged this rule in court.  As a result, national organizations felt pressured to open their membership to students of all races and religions.
Organization 
SUNY is governed by a Board of Trustees, which consists of sixteen members, fifteen of whom are appointed by the Governor, with consent of the New York State Senate. The sixteenth member is the President of the SUNY Student Assembly. The Board of Trustees appoints the Chancellor who serves as SUNY Chief Executive Officer.  The  SUNY Chancellor is  Nancy L. Zimpher.

The state of New York assists in financing the SUNY system, which, along with CUNY, provides lower-cost college-level education to residents of the state. SUNY students also come from out-of-state and 171 foreign countries. Out of state and foreign students pay more tuition than do students from New York State.
Although tuition is higher for these non-resident students, their tuition is subsidized by New York State taxpayer dollars.
For the 2010-2011 academic year, tuition costs at SUNY schools for an undergrad degree are less than two-thirds the cost of most other state run college institutions in the U.S. 
Tuition at the State University of New York at Buffalo for an undergraduate degree is $7,772.75 per semester or $15,545.50 per year for non-resident students. 
Undergrad tuition for non-resident students at the University of Maryland is  $24,830.44 per year. 
Non-resident tuition and fees at University of Oregon are $25,830.00 per year.
There are a large variety of colleges in the SUNY system with some overlap in specialties from site to site. SUNY divides its campuses into four distinct categories: university centers/doctoral-granting institutions, university colleges, technology colleges, and community colleges.  SUNY also has a unique relationship with its statutory colleges which embeds state-funded colleges within other institutions such as Cornell University and Alfred University.  Students at the statutory  colleges have the benefit of state-subsidized tuition while receiving all of the campus life amenities of the host institutions.
SUNY and the City University of New York are entirely different university systems.  (However, both are public institutions which receive funding from New York State.) Also, SUNY is not to be confused with the University of the State of New York (USNY), which is the governmental umbrella organization for most education-related institutions and many education-related personnel (both public and private) in New York State, and which includes, as a component, the New York State Education Department.
In the 1970s, students asked for voting representation on the governing boards of SUNY colleges.  In 1971, the State Legislature added five student voting members to Cornell's Board of Trustees. In 1975, the legislature added a non-voting student seat to the boards of all SUNY units.  Two Attorney General of the State of New York opinion letters reduced the parliamentary rights of the student members to participate at meetings. These documents indicated that the student members were not in fact Public Officers. For this reason the Attorney General said the students might be taken to court for their decisions. In 1977, another statutory amendment made student members of SUNY councils and boards subject to the NYS Public Officers Law or NYS General Municipal Law and granted student representatives parliamentary powers of moving or seconding motions and of placing items on the agendas of the bodies
.  Finally, the legislature gave full voting rights to the student members in 1979, resulting in the students of all SUNY units having voting representatives, except for the NYS College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Finally, in 1986, the legislature gave the student representative of that college voting rights as well.
Campuses

University centers and doctoral-granting institutions

University centers

Other doctoral-granting institutions

State-wide colleges
Empire State College
SUNY Learning Network

State-wide awards
SUNY Chancellor's Award for Student Excellence

Institute for Community College Development
The Institute for Community College Development (ICCD) operates leadership ability assessment programs. It also provides leadership skills development. ICCD's programs are open to administrators, faculty and trustees of SUNY's community colleges.  The ICCD also conducts two "Successful Teaching Conferences" each year for developing community college faculty skills. ICCD is a part of the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations.

References

Other websites
State University of New York
State University of New York Press

1948 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in New York (state)
State University of New York
Josef Hickersberger(born  27 April 1948 in Amstetten, Austria) is a former Austrian football midfielder. He is now football manager. He was two times coach of the Austrian national footballteam.

Career

Player
He started playing professional football in 1966 for FK Austria Wien. After six seasons he went to Germany playing for Kickers Offenbach and Fortuna Düsseldorf. Coming back to Austria he played for Wacker Innsbruck and later for SK Rapid Wien. After finishing as professional he played for the amateur squads of Badener AC, UFC Pama, SV Forchtenstein and WSV Traisen. In Traisen he had his first time as coach. He played 372 matches in the leagues of Austria and Germany scoring 71 goals.

He played 39 matches for the Austrian national football team and scored five goals. His first match was versus Romania. His last match was the 3:2 win versus Germany during the 1978 FIFA World Cup.
Manager
He was the coach of the Austrian national football team during the 1990 FIFA World Cup and the 2008 UEFA European Championship. After losing a qualifying match versus the  Faroe Islands he resigned and coached Fortuna Düsseldorf and Austria Wien. The years between 1994 and 2004 he spent in the Arabian region coaching various club teams and national teams. 2002 he went back to Austria and became coach of SK Rapid Wien. In this time Rapid won the first championship since 1995. The team also qualified for the UEFA Champions league. 2006 he became again coach of the Austrian soccer team and played in the EURO 2008. After the event he resigned and went back to Arabia.

Honours

As a player
Austrian Football Bundesliga (3):
 1969, 1970, 1982
Austrian Cup (3):
 1969, 1971, 1979
Member of the squad for the FIFA World Cup 1978

As a manager
Austrian Cup (1):
 1994
Bahraini Premier League (1):
 1996
Qatari League (1):
 2002
Austrian Football Bundesliga (1):
 2005
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football managers
Austria national football team managers
1948 births
Living people
SK Rapid Wien players
SK Rapid Wien managers
Fortuna Düsseldorf managers
FK Austria Wien players
Austrian football champions
Austria at the 1978 FIFA World Cup
Austria at the 1990 FIFA World Cup
Austrian football champions
The State University of New York Upstate Medical University is a public medical school in the city of Syracuse, New York, USA. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. Upstate's main departments includes the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, College of Health Professions and College of Graduate Studies.

It is one of only 140 academic medical centers in the USA and takes care of 1.8 million people yearly. 10,959 people work at Upstate and it creates more than $2.5 billion in impact. Upstate is Central New York's largest employer.
History 
The present-day university's earliest predecessor was Geneva Medical College founded 1834 as part of Geneva College, today known as Hobart and William Smith Colleges. The new medical college was located in Geneva, New York, and became the first college to grant a full M.D. to a woman, Elizabeth Blackwell in 1849. In 1871, the college was disbanded and its assets donated to the recently-founded Syracuse University, which subsequently founded a medical college.

In 1950, Syracuse University transferred the college to the State University of New York (SUNY). It has been owned by SUNY since then. At first the school was named "SUNY Upstate Medical Center"  and  later named "SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse" in 1986. The current name was adopted in 1999.

A clinical campus in Binghamton, New York for third and fourth year medical students was established in 1979.
A plaque in the lobby of Weiskotten Hall aptly describes one of the institution's driving philosophies:
"Dedicated to all those of scientific and technological mind who purpose to serve humanity."

Campus
The university's main campus is located in downtown Syracuse, New York flanking Interstate 81. It includes the University Hospital, the Institute for Human Performance, Setnor Academic Building, Central New York Gamma Knife Center, Jacobsen Hall, Regional Oncology Center, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Weiskotten Hall (which includes the Health Sciences Library), and Clark Tower dormitory for 170 students.

A clinical campus in Binghamton, New York teaches third and fourth year medical students. Some students spend their first two years of medical school in Syracuse, New York and then complete their training in Binghamton. Other students stay in Syracuse for all four years.
Organization
The College of Medicine is one of the oldest medical schools in New York. It has the highest percentage of non-white students of any medical school in the state. More physicians practicing in Central New York received their training at Upstate than at any other medical school. Upstate also ranks eighth nationally for the number of graduates who are on the faculty of a academic medical center in the United States.

The Colleges of Nursing and Health Related Professions also important to Central New York. The College of Nursing is the only nursing school in New York to offer graduate programs in all major tracks: nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, nurse midwifery, and nurse anesthesia. Approximately three-fourths of its students are minorities.
The College of Health Related Professions is the gateway for students seeking to enter some of the most competitive and highly paid careers in healthcare today: physician assistant, physical and occupational therapy, medical informatics, diagnostic medical imaging, and midwifery. The college is particularly proud of its historic claim to having the oldest midwifery program in the nation.

The School of Graduate Studies is known for its excellence in basic science education and research. Students have the opportunity to work side by side with many of the top neuroscientists and basic researchers in the country.

The university operates the Southern Tier Center on Aging in conjunction with the SUNY Binghamton. The Center develops, implements and evaluates new interventions and models of service delivery geared to enhancing quality of life of older adults and their caregivers.

The current president is Mantosh Dewan, MD.
Notable alums and professors 
 Robert B. Barlow, Ph.D. - Professor of Ophthalmology, Director of Center for Vision Research
 Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D. - First woman in the United States to be awarded the degree of Medical Doctor.  Founder of The New York Infirmary, now The New York Downtown Hospital.
 Joe Dervay, M.D. - NASA Flight Surgeon
 Maxwell Mozell, Ph.D. - Distinguished Service Professor of Clinical Olfactory Research Institute and Chemosensory
 Frederick Parker, M.D. - Professor of Cardiac Surgery, Chairman of the Department of Surgery
 Robert Rohner, M.D. - Professor of Pathology, Philip Armstrong Award Winner
 David P. Schenkein, M.D. - Senior Vice President Clinical Hematology/Oncology at Genentech Inc. (San Francisco, CA); Former Senior Vice President of Oncology Clinical Development at Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc. and developer of cancer drug Velcade
 Elinor Spring-Mills, Ph.D - Distinguished Service Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology
 Thomas Szasz - Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry
Irwin M. Weiner, M.D. - Professor of Renal Physiology, architect of the SUNY Graduate Research Initiative
 William J. Williams, M.D. - Professor of Clinical Medicine, author of the Williams Manual of Hematology
References

Further reading

Other websites 
Official website
campus map 

Syracuse, New York
1834 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in New York (state)
Medical education in the United States
State University of New York
The Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (translates to united self-defense groups of Colombia, officially called United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia in English) is a grouping of far-right paramilitary organisations in Colombia. The group was founded in 1977, from several independent groups active in the 1960s and 1970s. Their official goal is to support the guerilla active in Colombia, the FARC and ELN, in military affairs. They are among the main actors of the armed conflict in Colombia. In Colombia, the European Union and the United States considers the AUC as a terrorist organisation.

Terrorism
1977 establishments
1970s establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Colombia
Organizations based in Colombia
Brian Mannion Dennehy (July 9, 1938 – April 15, 2020) was an American actor, director, and producer. Dennehy acted in many movies, such as First Blood, A Real American Hero, and To Catch a Killer. He won two Tony Awards and one Golden Globe Award.

Dennehy died on April 15, 2020 at his home in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 81. The cause of death was cardiac arrest caused by sepsis.

References

Other websites

Tony Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Drama Desk Award winners
Actors from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Writers from Connecticut
American movie actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers 
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from sepsis
1938 births
2020 deaths
Annonaceae (custard-apple, or annona family) is the largest family of the magnolia order. It has 129 genera and 2,400 species.  

Many species are valuable for their large pulpy fruits. Some are useful for their timber, while others are prized as ornamentals. The family consists of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers found mainly in the tropics, with a few species in temperate regions.
Their fruits defend themselves against some herbivores. Eating the neotropical plant Annona muricata (soursop, graviola, guanabana) is a causal agent in "atypical Parkinsonism". The causative agent, annonacin, is present in the seeds and leaves of many of the Annonaceae, though not in any significant quantity in the fruit flesh. It is thought to be responsible for up to 70% of Parkinsonian conditions in Guadeloupe. Exposure is typically through traditional food and natural medicines. It is hard to interpret this. Presumably some favoured herbivores can eat it without ill effects. In some plants, seeds contain irritants to encourage early defecation.

Sources
 Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Annonaceae
University of Hawaii, Botany Department. Annonaceae

References
The 2010 Asian Games was a many-sport event held in Guangzhou, China from November 12 to November 27, 2010. This was the second time that any Chinese city had hosted the Games, after Beijing in 1990. A total of 9,704 athletes from 45 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 476 events from 42 sports and disciplines, making it the biggest event in the history of Asian Games.

2010 in Asia
2010 in China
2010 in sports
Asian Games by year
2010s in Chinese sport
Guangzhou
November 2010 events
Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours is a motor racing circuit in France, near the towns of Magny-Cours and Nevers. It is often called just Magny-Cours. It is most well known for hosting the Formula One French Grand Prix, which was held there between 1991 and 2008.

History 
The circuit was built in 1960 by Jean Bernigaud. It was the home to the L'école de pilotage Winfield racing school. The school provided such drivers as François Cevert and Jacques Laffite. In the 1980s, the track condition was not very good. It needed a lot of repairs. The circuit was not used for international racing until it was purchased by the Regional Conseil de la Nièvre.

In the 1990s the Ligier (later known as Prost) Formula One team was based at the circuit. They did a lot of their testing at Magny-Cours. It started hosting the F1 French Grand Prix in 1991, and the Bol d'Or motorcycle race in 2000. The circuit was re-designed in 2003 and used for a wide range of events include various sports and commercial use.
The circuit does not provide many overtaking opportunities. The races here are commonly regarded as quite uneventful.

For the 2003 event, the final corner and chicane were changed in an effort to increase overtaking.  It did not help much. The change did make the pitlane much shorter. Because less time was lost making a pit stop, Michael Schumacher was able to win the 2004 French Grand Prix using a four-stop strategy.

In 2006, the circuit was the scene of more Formula One history. Michael Schumacher became the first driver to win a single Grand Prix 8 times at the same circuit.

The 2007 race was to mark the last French Grand Prix at Magny-Cours. The French Grand Prix had been indefinitely suspended from the Formula One calendar. Bernie Ecclestone originally said that F1 would not return to Magny-Cours in 2008. He wanted to move to another location, possibly in Paris.

When the official calendar on July 2007, the 2008 French Grand Prix was still in place at Magny-Cours.
In May 2008, Ecclestone confirmed that Magny-Cours would stop hosting the French Grand Prix after the 2008 race. He suggested he was looking into hosting the French Grand Prix on the streets of Paris.

In June 2008, the provisional calendar for the 2009 season was released. The French Grand Prix at Magny-Cours appeared on it, scheduled for 28 June. However, in October 2008 the 2009 French Grand Prix was canceled after the French Motorsports Federation (FFSA) withdrew financing for the event.

In 2009 the track hosted its first Superleague Formula event. It has also been confirmed it will host a second event in 2010.
The circuit 
The current track is a modern, smooth circuit. It has good facilities for the teams and spectators. It is  from Paris in central France. Many corners are modeled on famous turns from other circuits, and are named after those circuits. Examples include the fast Estoril corner and the Adelaide hairpin. It has a mix of slow hairpins and high-speed chicane sections. It includes a long fast straight into the first-gear Adelaide hairpin, the best overtaking opportunity on the circuit. The circuit is very flat with little change in elevation. It does not provide many overtaking opportunities, despite modifications in 2003.

References

Other websites 

 Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours
 Google Maps satellite view of Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours
 Nevers Magny-Cours History and Statistics 
 Track info from official F1 site
 A lap of Magny-Cours with Honda’s Alexander Wurz
 Magny-Cours - the technical requirements

Formula One circuits
Nièvre
Sport in France
A telomere is a region of DNA at the end of a chromosome. It protects the end of the chromosome from deteriorating (getting worse) or fusing (joining) with other chromosomes.

The telomeres are made of repeated sequences of DNA ('repetitive DNA'). During cell division, enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their work all the way to the end of chromosomes. If cells divided without telomeres, they would lose the ends of their chromosomes, and the information they contain. 

The telomeres are disposable buffers blocking the ends of the chromosomes. They are destroyed during cell division, and are remade by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.

The Australian Elizabeth Blackburn and the Americans Carol Greider and Jack Szostak won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on telomeres.

References 

Chromosomes
Molecular biology
Gernot Jurtin (9 October 1955 – 5 December 2006) was an Austrian football striker. He had a long stay with S.K. Sturm Graz and over 100 goals.

Career
He started his career with WSV Judenburg and went to SK Sturm Graz in 1974. In 378 matches he scored  119 goals in the league. Together with Božo Bakota he formed a dangoures striker duo. 1980/81 he was the best scorer of the Austrian Bundesliga.

Between 1979 and 1983, he played 12 times for Austria, scoring one goal. He made two appearances for them in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, against Chile and Northern Ireland.

1955 births
2006 deaths
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian footballers
Austrian football forwards
Austrian Football Bundesliga top scorers
Eugene (Gene) Jules Colan (September 1, 1926 — June 23, 2011) was an American comic book artist. He worked for the comic book publishers DC and Marvel for over 60 years. He drew comics for Batman, Wonder Woman, Iron Man, Captain America and Daredevil. He was well known for his artwork on the Tomb of Dracula where he was able to create atmosphere through the use of shadows.

He was born in the Bronx, New York in 1926. His parents were Jewish migrants from Germany who had changed their name from Cohen. Colan served in the US Air Force in the Philippines during World War II. His first comics were called Army Life and were published in the Manila Times. In 2010 he won an Eisner Award for a Captain America story.

References

1926 births
2011 deaths
American comics artists
People from the Bronx
In 1988 he became one of the four Jagadguru Ramanandacharyas, the leaders of the Ramananda order. He is the founder of Tulsi Peeth which is a religious and social service organization. It is in Chitrakuta. It is named after the saint Tulsidas. He is the founder and lifelong chancellor of the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. It is a university in Chitrakuta and it gives graduate and postgraduate courses entirely to the four types of disabled students, having a poor physical or mental ability. Jagadguru Rambhadracharya became blind at the age of two months. He has never used Braille or any other help to learn or compose. He can speak 22 languages, and he is a self-produced poet (Ashukavi). He is a composer in Sanskrit, Hindi, Avadhi, Maithili and many other languages
. He has written more than 80 books, which include four story telling poems (two in Sanskrit and two in Hindi), a Hindi series of comments on the Ramcharitmanas, a Sanskrit series of comments on the Ashtadhyayi, and a Sanskrit series of comments on the Prasthanatrayi religious books (the Brahma Sutra, the Bhagavad Gita and the main Upanishads). He is seen as one of the greatest sources of information on Tulsidas in India, and he is the editor of a critical edition of the Ramcharitmanas. He is a famous Katha artist for the Ramayana and the Bhagavata. His Katha programmes are held regularly in different cities in India and in other countries. They are shown on many television channels like Sanskar TV and Sanatan TV.
Birth and early life

Jagadguru Rambhadracharya was born in Shandikhurd village of Jaunpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. His family was a Saryupareen Brahmin family of Vasishtha Gotra. His birth time was 10:34 pm and he was born on the Makar Sankranti day of Saturday, January 14, 1950 (Magha Krishna Ekadashi). His mother was Shachidevi and his father was Pandit Rajdev Mishra. His name Giridhara was named by his father's aunt, a cousin of his grandfather Pandit Suryabali Mishra. His father's aunt was an admirer of Mirabai, a female saint of the Bhakti age in middle India, who used the name Giridhara for Krishna in her compositions.
Blindness
Giridhara became blind in March 1950 when he was aged two months. When he got the eye disease trachoma, there was no medical care in his village. He was taken to a local woman who was known to cure Trachoma. She dropped a hot medicine into his eyes to break the Trachoma lumps, but his eyes started bleeding and he became blind. His family took him to many Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Allopathic and medical doctors in Sitapur, Lucknow and Mumbai, but there was no help. He cannot read or write, as he does not use the Braille system, but learns by listening and composes by dictating to secretaries.

First musical work
First musical work

As Giridhara's father used to work in Bombay, his early learning was at home from his grandfather. During afternoons, his grandfather used to tell him various parts of the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and other books like Vishramsagar, Sukhsagar, Premsagar, and Brajvilas, etc. When he was of 3 years, Giridhara made his first poem in Hindi (Avadhi), which was the following pada. He spoke it to his grandfather. In this poem, Yashoda is fighting with a Gopi for causing pain to Krishna.
Devanagari
मेरे गिरिधारी जी से काहे लरी । 
तुम तरुणी मेरो गिरिधर बालक काहे भुजा पकरी ॥ 
सुसुकि सुसुकि मेरो गिरिधर रोवत तू मुसुकात खरी ॥ 
तू अहिरिन अतिसय झगराऊ बरबस आय खरी ॥ 
गिरिधर कर गहि कहत जसोदा आँचर ओट करी ॥ 

IAST
mere giridhārī jī se kāhe larī । 
tuma taruṇī mero giridhara bālaka kāhe bhujā pakarī ॥ 
susuki susuki mero giridhara rovata tū musukāta kharī ॥ 
tū ahirina atisaya jhagarāū barabasa āya kharī ॥ 
giridhara kara gahi kahata jasodā āŉcara oṭa karī ॥

Learning Gita and Ramcharitmanas
Upanayana and Kathavacana
His Upanayana (A sacred thread ceremony) was done on the Nirjala Ekadashi day of June 24, 1961. On this day, he got the Gayatri Mantra, and he was given Diksha into the Mantra of Rāma by Pandit Ishvardas Maharaj of Ayodhya. After learning Gita and Ramcharitmanas to high level of skills at a very young age, Giridhara started visiting the Katha programmes held one time in 3 years (in the Purushottama month) near his village. When he went to the third event, he showed a Katha on Ramcharitmanas which was highly respected by many famous representers of the Katha art.

Official Learning
Official Learning

Schooling
On 7 July, 1967, Giridhara Miśra joined the Adarsh Gaurishankar Sanskrit College in Jaunpur to study Sanskrit Grammar as well Hindi, English, Maths, History and Geography. As he has the ability to memorize everything by just listening it one time, he never used Braille or other help to learn. In three months, he had learned the whole Laghusiddhāntakaumudī of Varadarāja to a high level. He was the best student and got most marks in tests in his class for four years, passing the primary to secondary tests in Sanskrit with best grades and a thing which makes him better than others.

First composition in Sanskrit
When Girihara was in Adarsh Gaurishankar Sanskrit College, he learnt the eight Gaṇas while learning Chandaprabhā, a book on Sanskrit poetic metre. On the next day, he made his first Sanskrit poetic form, in the Bhujaṅgaprayāta metre.
Devanagari
महाघोरशोकाग्निनातप्यमानं 
पतन्तं निरासारसंसारसिन्धौ । 
अनाथं जडं मोहपाशेन बद्धं 
प्रभो पाहि मां सेवकक्लेशहर्त्तः ॥
IAST
mahāghoraśokāgninātapyamānaṃ 
patantaṃ nirāsārasaṃsārasindhau । 
anāthaṃ jaḍaṃ mohapāśena baddhaṃ 
prabho pāhi māṃ sevakakleśaharttaḥ ॥
In 1971, Giridhara Miśra entered at the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University in Varanasi for higher learning of Vyākaraṇa. He got most marks in the final test for the Śāstrī (three years' first degree) in 1974. He then registered for a Master's degree at the same university. While trying to get the master's degree, he went New Delhi to take part in many national contests at the Akhila Bhāratīya Sanskrit Adhiveśana (All-India Sanskrit Conference). There he won five gold medals in Vyākaraṇa, Sāṅkhya, Nyāya, Vedānta and Sanskrit Antyākṣarī out of eight. Then the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, gave the five gold medals with the Calavaijayantī prize for Uttar Pradesh to Giridhara. Surprised by his abilities, Indira Gandhi gave him the offer to send him to the United States of America for medical care of his eyes, but Giridhara Miśra did not accepted this offer
. In 1976, he got most marks in the final Ācārya (two years' Master's degree) tests in Vyākaraṇa, he also won seven gold awards and the Chancellor's gold award. In an uncommon achievement, though he had registered for a master's degree in Vyākaraṇa only, he was made Ācārya of all subjects which were taught at the university for his all-round qualities on April 30, 1976.
Highest degree and post-doctorate

Giridhara began studying for a PhD also at Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. Pandit Ramprasad Tripathi supervised his studies. Giridhara got a scholarship from the University Grants Commission (UGC) by passing an examination. However, he had money problem for several years. He completed his PhD  in Sanskrit grammar on October 14, 1981. He wrote about the language of the poet Pāṇinī in the Ramayana. UGC then offered him a job as head of the Vyākaraṇa department of the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. However, Giridhara Miśra did not take the job. He decided to give his life to the service of his religion, the world, and the disabled.
In 1997 he was awarded the post-doctorate Vācaspati (DLitt) degree by Sampurnanand Sanskrit University for his lecture called Search into spoken knowledge of every Sūtra of the Aṣṭādhyāyī in English (Original title: Aṣṭādhyāyyāḥ Pratisūtraṃ Śābdabodhasamīkṣaṇam). He described each phrase of the sutra carefully. He told about Pāṇinī's grammar and use of Sanskrit poetic forms.

Later life

Virakta Diksha
In 1976, Giridhara Miśra said aloud a Kathā on Rāmcaritamānasa to Svāmī Karapātrī. Svāmī Karapātrī advised him not to marry, to live a lifelong Brahmacārin, and to take start in a Vaiṣṇava Sampradāya. Giridhara Miśra took Vairagi start (Virakta Dīkṣā) in the Rāmānanda Sampradāya (monastic order) on the Kārtika full-moon day of November 19, 1983 from Śrī Śrī 1008 Śrī Rāmacaraṇadāsa Mahārāja Phālāhārī. He now came to be known as Rāmabhadradāsa.

Six-month fasts
Six-month fasts

Rambhadradas had a six month Payovrata, which is a diet only of milk and fruits, at Chitrakoot in 1979 per the following fifth verse of the Dohavali made by Tulsidas.

Tulsi Peeth

In 1987 Rambhadradas established a religious and social service institution in Chitrakoot, where, as per the Ramayana, Rama had spent twelve out of his fourteen years of exile. Its name is Tulsi Peeth (the seat of Tulsi). As he is the founder of the institution, Sadhus gave him the title of Śrīcitrakūṭatulasīpīṭhādhīśvara (which means the God of the Tulsi Peeth at Chitrakoot). In the Tulsi Peeth, there a temple of Rama and Sita, and its name is Kanch Mandir ("glass temple").

Title of Jagadguru Ramanandacharya
Rambhadradas was made Jagadguru Ramanandacharya seated at the Tulsi Peeth by the Kashi Vidwat Parishad in Varanasi on 24 June 1988, and this order was supported by the Mahants of three Akharas, the four sub-Sampradayas, the Khalsas and saints of the Ramananda Sampradaya on 3 February 1989, at the Kumbh Mela in Allahabad. On 1 August 1995 he was anointed as the Jagadguru Ramanandacharya in a ritual manner in Ayodhya by the Digambar Akhara. After that he is known as Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya.

Institutes for the disabled
Swami Rambhadracharya started the Tulsi School for the Blind in Chitrakoot on 23 August 1996. He also started the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University in Chitrakoot on 27 September 2001. This is the first university in the world entirely for disabled students. It was created by a local law of the Uttar Pradesh Government, which was afterwards accepted as the Uttar Pradesh State Act 32 (2001) by the Uttar Pradesh legislature. This act assigned Jagadguru Rambhadracharya as the chancellor of this university for his entire life. The university offers graduate, post-graduate and doctorate degrees in many arts and sciences. The university is planning to give courses in Ayurveda and Medical Sciences from 2013. The permission to enter into the university is limited to only four types of disabled students – those who are blind, or have difficulty in hearing, having difficulty in walking or having some mental illness, as defined in the Disability Act (1995) of the Government of India
. According to the Government of Uttar Pradesh, the university is one of the main education institutes for Information Technology and Electronics in the state. Various degrees were given to 354 disabled students in the second graduation ceremony of the university which was held in March 2010. In the third graduation ceremony which was held in January 2011, 388 disabled students were given degrees.
Rambhadracharya also founded an organisation. Its name is Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Viklang Seva Sangh. Its based in Satna, Madhya Pradesh. Its mission is to make community awareness and to start child development programs in Indian villages. Its main aim is to support the education programs of Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. It helps disabled children get a good education by making access to education easier. Rambhadracharya also runs a hundred-bed hospital in Gujarat.

Rambhadracharya's edition of Ramcharitmanas

Tulsidas wrote the epic poem Ramcharitmanas in the late sixteenth century. It has been very popular in northern India ever since. Some Western scholars have called it the "Bible of northern India". Many different poets have created their own versions of the poem.

Notes

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Official website of Jagadguru Rambhadracharya
 Very important edition of Ramcharitmanas edited by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya, with a Hindi series of comments 
 Unofficial website of Jagadguru Rambhadracharya on Google Pages 
 Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University
 Youtube channel with information and discourses of Jagadguru Rambhadracharya

1950 births
Indian religious leaders
Living people
Hindu gurus
Sanskrit
People from Uttar Pradesh
In chemistry, a molecular orbital (or MO) explains what happens to electrons when atoms join together in a molecule.  A MO is a mathematical function which describes the wave-like behaviour of an electron in a molecule. The functions can tell the probability of finding an electron in any specific region. Chemists use such functions to predict or explain chemical and physical properties.

Chemists usually build mathematical models of molecular orbitals by combining atomic orbitals. Hybrid orbitals from each atom of the molecule, or other molecular orbitals from groups of atoms can also be used. Computers can work on these functions. Molecular orbitals allow chemists to apply quantum mechanics to study molecules.  MOs answer questions about how the atoms in molecules stick together. The various rounded shapes in an orbital diagram indicate where electrons would most likely be found in an atom.
History
The word orbital was first used in English by Robert S. Mulliken. The German physicist Erwin Schrödinger wrote about MOs earlier. Schrödinger called them Eigenfunktion.

Physicist Max Born described the theory behind molecular orbitals in 1926. Today, it is known as Born's rule and is part of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. When initially proposed, this theory did not agree with the atom model of Niels Bohr. Bohr's model described electrons as "orbiting" the nucleus, as they moved around in circles. However, the Born model eventually gained popular support because it was able to describe the locations of electrons within molecules and explained a number of previously inexplicable chemical reactions.
Overview
Atomic orbitals predict the position of an electron in an atom. Molecular orbitals are created when atomic orbitals are brought together.  A molecular orbital can give information about the electron configuration of a molecule. The electron configuration is the most likely position, and the energy of one (or one pair of) electron(s). Mostly a MO is represented as a linear combination of atomic orbitals (the LCAO-MO method), especially in  approximate use. This means that chemists assume the chance of an electron being at any point in the molecule is the sum of the probabilities of the electron being there based on the individual atomic orbitals. LCAO-MO is a simple model of bonding in molecules, and is important for studying molecular orbital theory.
Theoretical chemists use computers to calculate the MOs of different molecules (both real and imaginary).  The computer can draw graphs of the "cloud" to show how likely the electron will be in any region. The computers can also give information about the physical properties of the molecule. They can also say how much energy is required to form the molecule. This helps chemists say whether some small molecules can be combined to make bigger molecules.

Most present-day ways of doing computational chemistry begin by calculating the MOs of a system. Each MO's electric field is generated by the nuclei of all the atoms and some average distribution of the other electrons.

Analogy
Understanding MOs is like the task of knowing where each employee is in a large home improvement store (without looking inside the store). An analyst knows the number of employees working at the store and each employee's department. He also knows that employees do not step on each other toes and employees stand in the aisle rather than on the merchandise shelves. Employees leave their own department to help customers locate merchandise in other departments or to check inventory. An analyst giving the location of all employees in the store at a selected moment without looking inside is like a chemist calculating the MOs of a molecule. Just as MOs cannot tell the exact location of each electron, the exact location of each employee is not known. An MO having a nodal plane is like the conclusion that employees walk down aisles and not through shelves. Although electrons are contributed from a specific atom, the electron fills an MO without regard to its source atom
. This is like an employee leaving his department to walk elsewhere in the store during the day. So, an MO is an incomplete description of an electron just as the analyst's calculations about the unseen store is an incomplete guess about employee locations.