Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
From  World War II onwards,  people were no longer diagnosed  with shell shock: The new term used was combat stress reaction:  this is a similar but not identical response to the trauma of warfare and bombardment.

Modern cases of shell shock 
As outlined, the term shell shocked is used in the context of World War I, to describe early cases of what is called PTSD today. As it is a reaction to the detonation of high-impact explosives, it also has modern uses.  

When they were in  Iraq and Afghanistan, approximately 380,000 U.S. troops, about 19% of those deployed, were estimated to have sustained brain injuries from explosive weapons and devices. This prompted the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to open up a $10 million study of the blast effects on the human brain. The study revealed that, while the brain remains initially intact immediately after low level blast effects, the chronic inflammation afterwards is what ultimately leads to many cases of shell shock and PTSD.
Related pages 

 Combat stress reaction

References

Sources
Sources 

 Coulthart, Ross. The Lost Diggers, Sydney: HarperCollins Publishers, 2012. ISBN 9780732294618
 Jones, E, Fear, N and Wessely, S. "Shell Shock and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury:  A Historical Review". Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:1641–1645
 Hochschild, Adam. To End all Wars - a story of loyalty and rebellion, 1914-1918 Mariner Books, Houghton, Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, New York, 2011. ISBN 978-0-547-75031-6
 Leese, Peter. Shell Shock. Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. ISBN 978-1-137-45337-2.
 Mcleod, A.D. "Shell shock, Gordon Holmes and the Great War" J R Soc Med. 2004 February; 97(2): 86–89.
 Myers, C.S.  "A contribution to the study of shell shock". Lancet, 1', 1915, pp. 316–320
 Shephard, Ben. A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists, 1914-1994. London, Jonathan Cape, 2000.
 Wessely, S. The Life and Death of Private Harry Farr Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol 99, September 2006
Other websites 
 Shell Shock during World War I, by Professor Joanna Bourke - BBC
 An Address on the Repression of War Experience, by W.H. Rivers, 4 December 1917
 
History of medicine
Anxiety disorders
The Barro Branco tree frog (Boana secedens) is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have only seen it in the town of Barro Branco.

References

Frogs of South America
None is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Fenestrelle is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Antdorf is a municipality in Weilheim-Schongau in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Weilheim-Schongau
Bernbeuren is a municipality in Weilheim-Schongau in Bavaria, Germany.

References 

Weilheim-Schongau
The Meitei currency for most of the history of Manipur consisted of gold, silver, bronze and copper coinage.
From the earliest history of the coinage in the Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak), during the 1st century CE, well into the modern times, Meitei currency saw many changes in form,
denomination and composition. A persistent feature was the inflationary debasement and the replacement of coins over the centuries. Notable examples include the reforms of King Pamheiba (). This trend continued into modern times.
There are many archeological sites excavated in Manipur from where many ancient coins were found, among which Nachou is one of the most significant places.

Standards and denominations 
There were two kinds of coins issued in Ancient Manipur right from the time of the onset of marketing, which are "semkhai" and "sen". These are generally crafted out of bronze. Two "semkhai"s equals to one "sen".
Ancient period 
The earliest known coinage was issued by during the reign of Emperor Ura Konthouba in the 7th century CE in Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). Some historians strongly opined that the oldest known coins were circulated from the 1st century CE during the reign of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba in Ancient Manipur. It is evident that bronze coins dating back to 568 AD to 658 AD were found inscribed with letters of archaic Meitei script.

Medieval period
Medieval period

Early medieval 
It is evident from the coins discovered that there was a good deal of literary activity taken place during the reign of King Kyamba. The Cheitharol Kumbaba recorded that King Khagemba issued coins along with which there was all round progress in the kingdom. In the Sana Keithel (Royal Market), there was a custom in which the king threw bell metal coins amidst the public as familiar gestures of goodwill and responsibility for public welfare. In the beginning, kings had to abandon the plan to issue copper coins when the women traders refused to accept them.
Late medieval 
The coins issued before the reign of King Pamheiba () depicted legends in the archaic Meetei script. For the first time in the history of Manipur's numismatics, Garibaniwaja introduced the Nagari script in depicting the legends. The tradition of depicting Bengali script and Nagari script in the coins was followed by the succeeding rulers of later times.
Many of the coins, issued in between seventeenth and nineteenth century AD, bear Sanskrit legends in Devanagari script. On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.

Modern period 
On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.
In the Northeast India, only Manipur struck low denomination coins that were useful for market trading. When Manipur came under the Indian Union, the Indian currency came into use.
Minting 
The Senjam and the Aheibam families were engaged for making coins under the supervision of the institution of the maibas. The populace often learned about of a new ruler when coins appeared with the new ruler's name. For example, Ura Konthouba (Wura Konthouba) issued coins bearing the Meetei letter "ꯋ" ("wa") denoting his name.

Coins in religious activities 
The senior most/chief male family members (pibas) used coins in the names of God Sanamahi and Goddess Leimarel and regularly perform rites and rituals in the Sanamahi Kachin (Lainingthou Kachin).
During the Laiching Jagoi, an ancient dance performance in the Lai Haraoba festival, the senior most maiba has to throw a "konyai" (gold or silver coin) and rice into the water to invoke a deity. The art of fortune telling consists of throwing the coins on the floor and reading its results by the maibas and the maibis.

Bibliography 
 ON A UNIQUE BRASS COIN (MEDALLIAN ?) OF MANIPUR on JSTOR
Other websites 
 Unexplored Antique Coins of Manipur
 Cultural Heritage Complex 8

References 

History of Manipur
The Beating Retreat is a ceremony performed by armies and other military groups.  It began in England during the 1600s.  At first, people used it to tell soldiers on patrol that it was time to go back to the castle.

Examples

The Indian Border Security Force and Pakistani Pakistan Rangers use the beating retreat for the Wagah border closing every day.  They started doing this in 1959.  Michael Palin videoed it for one of his television programmes.  He said it was "carefully choreographed contempt".

References

Military of India
Military of Pakistan
Front is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Fiano is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Fiorano Canavese is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Foglizzo is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Nuyorican are people of Puerto Rican birth or heritage who live in New York City.  The word "Nuyorican" is a mixture of the terms “New York" and "Puerto Rican”. 

The Nuyorican Movement is a cultural movement of literature, art, and music. It celebrates Nuyorican poetry, art, music, dance, food, and festivities. It affirms Afro-Caribbean and indigenous Caribbean identities.  Artistic themes include the power of creativity, poverty, hope, resilience, and protest.

The Puerto Rican Day Parade celebrates Nuyorican people every spring at 5th Avenue in New York City. Many Nuyoricans proudly call themselves "Boricua".

Famous Nuyoricans
Famous Nuyoricans 

 Miguel Algarin (Nuyorican poet. Founder of Nuyorican Poets Cafe)
 Marc Anthony (Best-selling Salsa singer, Hollywood actor, music producer)
 Giannina Braschi (Nuyorican poet. Author of the Spanglish novel Yo-Yo Boing!)
 Lin-Manuel Miranda (Actor, producer, philanthropist.  Author of the Broadway musical Hamilton)
 Victor Hernandez Cruz (Nuyorican poet)
 Jennifer Lopez (singer, actress, entrepreneur)
 Rita Moreno (singer and actress)
 Sonia Sotomayor (US Supreme court judge)
 Piri Thomas (author of Down These Mean Streets)
 Nydia Velázquez (US Congresswoman)

References
William H. Thompson (July 8, 1913 - July 15, 1971) was an American radio personality and voice actor. His career stretched from the 1930s until his death. He was a featured comedian playing multiple roles on the Fibber McGee and Molly radio series. He was the voice of Droopy in most of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio theatrical cartoons from 1943 to 1958.

Other websites

1913 births
1971 deaths
People from Terre Haute, Indiana
Peter T. George (June 29, 1929 – July 28, 2021) was an American weightlifter. He was later an assistant professor of stomatology. He was born in Akron, Ohio.

George won a gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was the first Bulgarian-American to win Olympic gold. George also won two silver medals at the 1948 and at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

George died on July 28, 2021 at the age of 92.

References

1929 births
2021 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
American weightlifters
Academics from Hawaii
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
American physicians
The  is the executive branch of the government of Japan.

Current Cabinet of Japan 
The members of the current cabinet of Japan headed by the Liberal Democratic Party lawmaker Yoshihide Suga as of 23 June 2021 are as follows.

References 

 The Japan Times. "Cabinet Profiles" [since 2008]. The Japan Times Online. Accessed 13 October 2012 from: https://web.archive.org/web/20040623111921/http://www.japantimes.com/cabinets.htm
 Cabinet Secretariat, Office of Cabinet Public Relations, Japan (2003). Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. Retrieved 28 Oct. 2003 from: http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html
 Hunter, Janet (1984). Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp. 266–324, Appendix 5: Japanese Cabinets Since the Introduction of the Cabinet System in 1885 [to 1980].

Government of Japan
A National mosque are Mosques that represent the Cultural Identity of Muslim-Majority countries and the image of the same country or a particular Islamic nation respectively.

National mosques

Related pages
 Islam
 Mosque

References

 
mosque
Religion-related lists
Robie Lester  (March 23, 1925 – June 14, 2005) was an American voice actress, singer, actress and author, best known as the voice of "Miss Jessica" in the Rankin/Bass animated special Santa Claus is Comin' to Town, the singing voice of Eva Gabor in Disney's The Aristocats and The Rescuers and as the original "Disneyland Story Reader" for Walt Disney Records read-alongs.

Other websites

1925 births
2005 deaths
People from Texas
The graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in use today require some kind of device for positioning the on-screen cursor. Typical pointing devices are: mouse, trackball, touch pad, track point graphics, joystick and touch screen.

Pointing devices, such as a mouse, connected to the PC via a serial ports (old), PS/2 mouse port (newer), or USB port (newest). Older Macs used ADB to connect their mice, but all recent Macs use USB (usually to a USB port right on the USB keyboard).

Computer hardware
Data input
Goldbach is a market community in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany.

Politics

Community council

The council is made up of 24 council members, not counting the mayor.

(as at municipal election held on 2 March 2008)

Town partnerships
 Courseulles-sur-Mer, Calvados, France since 1994; the commune lies at Juno Beach.

References

Aschaffenburg (district)
Großostheim (or Grossostheim) is a market town in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. The inhabitants call themselves Aistmer (ostheimers).

Geography

Location
Großostheim is on the northeast edge of the Odenwald in the Bavarian Lower Main (Bayerischer Untermain) region.

Constituent communities

Großostheim's Ortsteile are Großostheim, Pflaumheim, Wenigumstadt and Ringheim.

Neighbouring communities
Clockwise from the north, these are the community of Stockstadt, the district-free town of Aschaffenburg, the community of Niedernberg, the community of Mömlingen (both in Miltenberg district) and the community of Schaafheim (Darmstadt-Dieburg).

Together with Stockstadt am Main and the neighbouring Hessian community of Schaafheim, the market community forms the historic Bachgau region.

Population development
Within the municipal area lived 12,788 inhabitants in 1970, 13,514 in 1987, 15,913 in 2000 and 16,299 in 2004.

Politics
Politics

The mayor is Herbert Jakob (CSU), elected in April 2014 and re-elected in 2020.

The income from municipal taxes in 1999 amounted to €9,751,000 (converted) of which net intake from business taxes amounted to €3,180,000.

Education
There are the following institutions (as at 2007):
Kindergartens: 675 kindergarten places with 652 children
Elementary schools: 5 with 72 teachers and 1,234 pupils

Famous people

Sons and daughters of the town
 Otto Becker (1958–    ), German show jumper
 Heinrich Hock (1887–1971), German chemist
 Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schüßler (1960–    ), German (moral) philosopher

Town partnerships

 Carbon-Blanc, Gironde, France
 Saulxures-sur-Moselotte, Vosges, France
 Hamoir, Liège Province, Belgium

References

Further reading
 Wolfgang Hartmann: 1200 Jahre Großostheim. Großostheim 1999
 Frank Schmelz: Lineare anthropogene Gehölz- und Saumstrukturen im Bachgau (Gmde. Großostheim, Lkrs. Aschaffenburg). Gießen 2001

Other websites
Other websites

 Bavarian Lower Main history portal 
 Großostheim in National Socialist times, documentation 

Aschaffenburg (district)
Haibach is a community in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. It has a population of around 8,300.

Geography

Location

The community is east-south-east of the town of Aschaffenburg on the western edge of the Spessart (range) between the town and the hills' well-known landmark Mespelbrunn Castle. The highest elevations in the municipal area are the Findberg and the Buchberg. They reach some 330 m above NHN. Haibach is in the Spessart Nature Park (Naturpark Spessart)

Constituent communities
Haibach's Ortsteile are Haibach, Grünmorsbach and Dörrmorsbach.

Climate
The climate is moderate and warm (Bayerisch Nizza, or "Bavarian Nice"). Haibach represents a meteorological divide between the Main Plain and the High Spessart.

Demographics
Demographics

Religion
There are three Catholic churches in the community:
 St. Nikolaus von der Flüe, Haibach
 St. Johannes der Täufer, Grünmorsbach
 St. Johannes der Täufer, Grünmorsbach (old church under monumental protection)
 St. Laurentius, Dörrmorsbach

There is also one Protestant church:
 Paul-Gerhardt-Kirche

Economy
In Haibach are found, among others, the head office of the Adler chain of clothing shops, the German headquarters of Macrovision Corporation and the European headquarters of Renzi AG.

Government

Mayor
Since 2006, Andreas Zenglein (CSU) has been Haibach's mayor.

Community council

The council is made up of 20 council members, counting the mayor.

(as at municipal election held on 2 March 2008)

Town twinning
 Marck, Pas-de-Calais, France

Infrastructure

Transport
 Bus routes to Aschaffenburg: 5 (to Dörrmorsbach), 16, 40, 41, 47
 Autobahn A 3 between Frankfurt (roughly 45 km away) and Würzburg (roughly 75 km away).
Education
 Haibach primary school and Hauptschule with Mittlere-Reife-Zug
 Haibach primary school – Grünmorsbach branch

References

Other websites

 Ketzelburg 

Aschaffenburg (district)
Garzigliana is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Germagnano is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Giaglione is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is on the border with France.

Twin towns 
Giaglione is twinned with:
  Bramans, France, since 2010

Comunes of Turin
Bramans is a former commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Savoie department in southeast France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val-Cenis.

Twin towns 
Bramans is twinned with:
  Giaglione, Italy, since 2010

References 

Former communes in France
Communes in Savoie
Bulgarograsso is a comune in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.

Settlements in Como
Guanzate is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about  northwest of Milan and about  southwest of Como. As of 31 December 2004, 5,290 people lived there. It has an area of 6.9 km².

Guanzate is next to these municipalities: Appiano Gentile, Bulgarograsso, Cadorago, Cassina Rizzardi, Cirimido, Fenegrò, Fino Mornasco, Lomazzo, Veniano.

Demographic change

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Settlements in Como
Cadorago is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about  northwest of Milan and about  southwest of Como. As of 30 September 2017, 7,953 people lived there. It has an area of 7.19 km².

Cadorago is next to these municipalities: Bregnano, Fino Mornasco, Guanzate, Lomazzo, Vertemate con Minoprio.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Settlements in Como
Bregnano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about  northwest of Milan and about  south of Como. As of 31 March 2017, 6,466 people lived there. It has an area of 6.2 km².

Bregnano is next to these municipalities: Cadorago, Cermenate, Lazzate, Lomazzo, Rovellasca.

It has three churches called San Michele, San Giorgio and Santi Ippolito e Cassiano.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Settlements in Como
George Hudson (1800–71) was the most important railway promoter of his time. 

Called the "railway king" of Britain, Hudson amalgamated (brought together) short lines and set up a "Clearing House" in 1842. This designed uniform paperwork and standardized methods for fares. Passengers and freight were included, and  part of their journey might be on canals. Hudson designed company and line amalgamations.  

His activities helped to bring about a more modern railway network. In 1849 he exercised effective control over nearly 30% of the rail track then operating in Britain. Financial malpractice eventually forced him out of office.

References 

19th-century British people
British businesspeople
People from York
1800 births
1871 deaths
Givoletto is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Gravere is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Susa is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Euston bus station stores buses that carry people around the Euston area of Camden in London. The station, as it is in London, is owned and fixed up by Transport for London.

Bus transport in the United Kingdom
Jonathan Joseph "Candy" Candido (December 25, 1913 - May 19, 1999) was an American bass player, radio performer, and voice actor. He was best remembered for his famous line "I'm feeling mighty low". Born Jonathan Joseph Candido on Christmas Day in 1913 in New Orleans, Louisiana, Candido, who later used the legal name John B. Candido, was a bassist and vocalist in Ted Fio Rito's big band, and they can be seen in a Soundie, "Ma, He's Making Eyes at Me". In 1933, he married Anita Bivona.

Other websites
 
 

1913 births
1999 deaths
People from New Orleans
Grosso is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Nole is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Made in U.S.A is a 1966 French crime comedy movie directed by Jean-Luc Godard and was based on the novels The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler and The Judder by Donald E. Westlake. It stars Anna Karina, Ernest Menzer, László Szabó, Jean-Pierre Léaud, Kyôto Kosaka, Yves Afonso, Jean-Claude Bouillon.

Other websites
 
 

1966 comedy movies
1966 crime movies
French comedy movies
French crime movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Jean-Luc Godard
The 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election. Pennsylvania has 20 electoral votes in the Electoral College.

Trump won the state in 2016 by a narrow margin of 0.72%. However, Biden was able to get back the state, winning it by a 1.17% margin. On November 6, Decision Desk HQ forecast that Biden had won Pennsylvania's 20 electoral votes. The state brought Biden over 270 electoral votes, winning them the election.

References

2020 United States presidential election
21st century in Pennsylvania
Bruce Reitherman (born September 15, 1955) is an American filmmaker and former child actor. Born in Burbank, California, Reitherman is the son of German American Disney animator Wolfgang Reitherman and Janie Marie McMillan and provided the voices of Mowgli in The Jungle Book and Christopher Robin in Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree.

Other websites
 
 

1955 births
Living people
Actors from Burbank, California
American child actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
Movie directors from California
The 2016 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election. Pennsylvania has 20 electoral votes in the Electoral College.

Obama won the state in 2012 by a margin of 5.38%. However, Trump was able to get back the state, winning it by a 0.72% margin.

References

2016 United States presidential election
Westphalian  may refer to:
 The culture or people of the Westphalia region of Germany
 Westphalian language, one of the major dialect groups of West Low German
 Westphalian sovereignty, a concept in international relations
 Westphalian (stage), in geology
 Westphalian ham (Westfälischer Schinken) produced from acorn-fed pigs raised in Westphalia. The resulting meat is dry cured and then smoked over a mixture of beechwood and juniper branches.

Animals 
 Westphalian horse, a warmblood horse bred in the Westphalia region of western Germany
 Westphalian chicken, old hardy landrace of chicken
 Westphalian Dachsbracke, a small, short legged scenthound
A national monument is a monument constructed in order to commemorate something of importance to national heritage. The term may also refer to a specific monument status, such as a national heritage site, by reason of their cultural importance rather than age respectively.

National monument status is usually granted to colossal symbols of national identity.

Related pages
Cultural identity

 
National symbols
Many countries have a national sport stadium, which typically serves as the primary or exclusive home for one or more of a country's national representative sports teams.  The term is most often used in reference to an association football stadium. 

Stadiums
National symbols
Karan Singh Grover (born 23 February 1982), also known by the initialism KSG is an Indian model and actor. He is known for his work in Indian television series such as Dill Mill Gayye and Qubool Hai. He has also starred in the Indian films Alone and Hate Story 3.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 Karan Singh Grover at Bollywood Hungama

1982 births
Living people
Indian models
Indian actors
is a 2015 Japanese movie, based on the video game series of the same name, starring Rina Ikoma, Kita Yoko, and Ryōsuke Ikeoka.

The movie has followed by sequel, Corpse Party: Book of Shadows in 2016.

2015 movies
2015 horror movies
The Cagua tree frog (Boana alemani) is a frog that lives in Venezuela.

References

Frogs of South America
Mayank Anand is an Indian actor. He is best known for playing the character of Dr. Rahul in the television series Dill Mill Gayye.

Career
Mayank's most popular role to date was Dr. Rahul Garewal in Dill Mill Gayye on STAR One opposite Drashti Dhami.

Personal life

He married film and television actress Shraddha Nigam in December 2012. They have since launched a fashion label together at the Lakme Fashion Week.

Filmography

Television shows
 Dill Mill Gayye - Dr. Rahul Garewal
 Hotel Kingston - Niklesh Mehra aka Nik
 Naaginn as Vikram
 Bombay Talking on Zee Café
 Saarrthi on STAR Plus
 Hello Dollie as Nikshay Rana on STAR Plus
 Na Na Karte on Star One
 Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai - Bhediya as Madhukar (Episode 14)
 Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai - Honeymoon as Vineet (Episode 22)
 Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai - Bhai as Anil (Episode 30)

References

Other websites 

 
 

1979 births
Living people
Indian actors
Titus Livius (; 64/59 BC – AD 12/17), was a Roman historian. Today, he is best known for his work Ab Urbe Condita (From the foundation of the city [of Rome]). In it, he tells the history of Rome from the foundation of the city (753 BC) to the year 9 BC. Livius was born probably in 59 BC in the city that is now called Padua. He died there in either 12 AD or 17 AD. In English, he is also known as Livy. Unlike other historians of the time, Livius was not active in politics. 

About a quarter of Ab Urbe Condita is known exactly. The rest is lost, but for some parts, it is known what they contained (because other people summarized his works).  

When citing his works, his name is usually shortened to Liv.  

Ancient Roman historians
60s BC births
10s deaths
People from Padua
The Kii Peninsula () is the largest peninsula on the island of Honshū in Japan.

Peninsulas of Asia
Wakayama Prefecture
Osaka Prefecture
Mie Prefecture
Nara Prefecture
Saulxures-sur-Moselotte is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Vosges department in northeast France.

References 

Communes in Vosges
Gigantophis garstini was an extinct giant snake. Before the Paleocene constrictor genus Titanoboa was described from Colombia in 2009, Gigantophis was  the largest snake ever recorded. Gigantophis lived about 40 million years ago during the Eocene, in the Paratethys Sea. This was in what is now the northern Sahara, where Egypt and Algeria are now.

References 

Snakes
Eocene
Saint-Aubin-de-Scellon is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Eure department in north France.

References 

Communes in Eure
Cloak & Dagger is a 1984 American spy family adventure movie directed by Richard Franklin and is the third version of the short story The Boy Cried Murder by Cornell Woolrich. It stars Henry Thomas, Dabney Coleman, Michael Murphy, Jeanette Nolan, Christina Nigra, John McIntire, Eloy Casados, Tim Rossovich and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites

1984 movies
1984 adventure movies
1980s family movies
1980s spy movies
American adventure movies
American family movies
American spy movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Richard Franklin
Santa Maria Maggiore is a church in Rome, Italy. It is also called Santa Maria della Neve, Santa Maria ad praesepe, or Basilica Liberii. It is located near the main railway station, Roma Termini. There are over 40 churches dedicated to Mary in Rome. Santa Maria Maggiore is the most important of these. The church was built in the 5th century. It is a basilica major.

Churches in Rome
1st millennium buildings and structures
5th century
Juliette Nadia Boulanger (; 16 September 188722 October 1979) was a French music teacher and conductor. She taught many of the leading composers and musicians of the 20th century, and also performed occasionally as a pianist and organist.

She grew up in a musical family. Her first success was when she was at the Conservatoire de Paris. She believed, that she had no talent as a composer, she gave up that path. She became a teacher instead. As a teacher, she had a large influence on many young copmosers of the 20th century. Most of them were from the United States and other English-speaking countries. Among her students were people who later became important composers, soloists, arrangers and conductors. Some of them were  Grażyna Bacewicz, Burt Bacharach, Daniel Barenboim, Lennox Berkeley, İdil Biret, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, John Eliot Gardiner, Philip Glass, Roy Harris, Quincy Jones, Dinu Lipatti, Igor Markevitch, Astor Piazzolla, and Virgil Thomson.
Boulanger taught in the US and England. She worked  with music academies including the Juilliard School, the Yehudi Menuhin School, the Longy School, the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music. For most of her life, she was in her family's flat in Paris, where she taught for most of the seven decades from the start of her career until her death at the age of 92.

Boulanger was the first woman to conduct many major orchestras in America and Europe, including the BBC Symphony, Boston Symphony, Hallé, and Philadelphia orchestras. She conducted several world premieres, including works by Copland and Stravinsky.

Honours and awards
1932 Chevalier to the Légion d'honneur
 1934 Order of Polonia Restituta
 1962 Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 1962 Howland Memorial Prize
 1975 Médaille d'Or of the Académie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France
 1977 Grand officier to the Légion d'honneur
 1977 Order of the British Empire
 1977 Order of St. Charles of Monaco
 1977 Order of the Crown of Belgium

Notes

References 

 
 
  (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Other websites 
 

 www.nadiaboulanger.org
 The American Conservatory at Fontainebleau
 
 Songs by Nadia Boulanger at The Art Song Project
 Free scores by Nadia Boulanger at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
 http://www.openculture.com/2018/04/meet-nadia-boulanger.html
French Roman Catholics
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery, Paris
Musicians from Paris
1979 deaths
1887 births
Articles with hAudio microformats
Boana icamiaba is a frog that lives in Brazil.

First paper

References

Frogs of South America
The title of Hero is presented by various governments in recognition of acts of self-sacrifice to the state, and great achievements in combat or labour.

Related pages
Father of the Nation
Folk hero

Titles
National symbols
The Morning (also known as Il Mattino) is a 20th-century portrait painted in oil by Umberto Boccioni, made around 1909-1910, during the Futurism in Milano, Italy, exhibited at the Museum Gallerie di Piazza Scala of Milano.

Description 
The work was created by Boccioni in his apartment in Via Adige at number 23 in Milan, observing the door area Porta Romana - Vigentina-Via Ripamonti, near the Museum Fondazione Prada . Today the neighborhood is identified with innovative luxury fashion and art.

Bibliography 
 Omar Calabrese - Vittorio Giudici, Art dall'Ottocento a oggi, Mondadori Education, 2012

Other websites
  Pittori del'900- Umberto Boccioni

1900s paintings
Paintings by Umberto Boccioni
Paintings at Porta Romana
Description 
Materia is clearly a full-length portrait of the artist's mother, the main subject of numerous canvases he made, as in the case of the mother with crochet from 1907.
The mother in the painting is portrayed sitting in her house frontally, so as to turn her back to a balcony overlooking the urban landscape behind Porta Romana in Milan.
This compositional choice serves to merge in a single "simultaneous vision" the optical perception of two distinct subjects, the metropolitan environment seen from Via Adige (Via Ripamonti) in Milan and the artist's mother.
The hands of the mother figure are represented crossed and gigantic and constitute the focus of the portrait.
The urban scenario of the Fondazione Prada district in Via Ripamonti appears as a space perfectly integrated with the human figure, the profiles of the houses are represented as generating nuclei of wide beams of transparent blue light, which illuminate the "mother" from above.
Bibliography 
Omar Calabrese - Vittorio Giudici, Art dall'Ottocento a oggi, Mondadori Education, 2012

Other websites
Official Website Peggy Guggenheim

Paintings at Porta Romana
1910s paintings
Paintings by Umberto Boccioni
Paintings in Milan
Meidingu Hongnemyoi Khunjao Naothingkhong () was a Meetei ruler of Ningthouja dynasty of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). He is the successor of Ura Konthouba and the predecessor of Khongtekcha. He ran away from the Kangla at the age of about 10 or 12 years and went to live along the Shelloi Langmais in the Nongmaiching Hill in the eastern Manipur. He was mad in love with Pitang-nga, a Langmai girl and married her. They lived in her parents' house. This is the first reference to the matrilocal residence in the history of Manipuri ethnicity. According to ancient sources, he has six wives from different clan principalities of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). In fact, he has nine total wives, out of which three are childless. So, in general cases, it is regarded as he has six wives. He married Princess Ewanglon Namun Chaobee after engagement. Luwang Ningthou Punshiba of Luwang dynasty gave training of state craft and the art of governance to Naothingkhong when he was a prince
. Besides, the great grandson of Luwang Ningthou Punshiba (from his first wife) got married to Naothingkhong's daughter.
The Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba (), a literary work, narrates his life story of how he ascended the throne. He defeated Mangang Konkhuchaa Atengba, the chief of Mangang tribe, after which the Mangangs merged into the Ningthoujas. He is one of the nine kings associated with the design of a historic flag. The Meitei family Lourembam of the Ningthouja dynasty branch appeared during the reign of Naothingkhong.

References

Other websites
 
 
  
 
 
 

Kings of Ancient Manipur
The Porta Romana (also known as Workshop of Porta Romana in Milano) is a 20th-century portrait painted in oil by Umberto Boccioni, made around 1909-1910 in Milan in Via Adige, near Porta Vigentina, during the Futurism in Milano, Italy, exhibited at the Gallerie di Piazza Scala.

Description 
The work is created by Boccioni in his apartment in Via Adige at number 23 in Milan, near the door Porta Romana - Vigentina, near the Museum Fondazione Prada, while looking from the window. Today the neighborhood is identified with innovative luxury fashion and art.
The Palazzo displays a plaque in memory of the painter Boccioni on the outside.

Today these urban area is the youngest and most innovative in Milan and can be compared to the Upper East Side of New York.

History 
Boccioni was inspired by his window from which he also created the work The Street Enters the House and Mater.

Related pages 
 Twilight at Porta Romana (Boccioni)
 Porta Romana (Milan)
 Mater (Boccioni)
 The Street Enters the House (Boccioni)
Bibliography 
 Omar Calabrese - Vittorio Giudici, Art dall'Ottocento a oggi, Mondadori Education, 2012

Other websites
  Pittori del'900- Umberto Boccioni
Officine a Porta Romana, Boccioni, Umberto, Lombardia Beni Culturali
 L’inno futurista di Boccioni risuona a Londra. Donne e officine all’Estorick Collectiona

Paintings at Porta Romana
1900s paintings
Paintings by Umberto Boccioni
Paintings in Milan
The Street Enters the House (La Strada Entra Nella Casa) is an oil on canvas painting by Italian artist Umberto Boccioni. Painted in the Futurist style, the work centres on a woman on a balcony in front of a busy street, with the sounds of the activity below portrayed as a riot of shapes and colours.

The first public display of the painting was in Paris, in 1912, as part of the first Futurist exhibition. It is now housed in the Sprengel Museum in Hanover, Germany.
Background
Boccioni was one of the founding members of the Futurist movement. Until 1910, the group concentrated primarily on capturing "emotion and multiple states of mind" using techniques derived from Neoimpressionism style (for example, Severini's The Black Cat or The Obsessive Dancer). After hearing second-hand reports of the innovations of Picasso and Braque, Boccioni and his compatriots adapted their technique to match, incorporating angular lines and intersecting planes as a way of capturing multiple viewpoints in a two-dimensional image. While this was going on, there was a corresponding shift in what the group was attempting to capture as well. They began to focus more heavily on the physical and the external rather than the emotional and internal.
In 1910, Boccioni began a series of works based on modern urbanism. The first, The City Rises, described the construction of a new city and the sights and sounds of men and horses at work. He described it as a "great synthesis of labour, light, and movement." His later works, such as The Forces of the Street, The Street Enters the House, Simultaneity of Vision, and Street-pavers and A Study of a Woman Among Buildings were elaborations on the same theme.

Composition and interpretation
The central figure of The Street Enters the House is a woman dressed in blue and white, viewed from behind and above. She looks over her balcony at a busy street scene, a riot of colours, lines, and angles. On the road in front of her, workers lift poles to form the walls of a new building, surrounded by a pile of bricks. On every side of this construction, white and blue houses lean into the street. Two of the balconies are occupied by other figures peering down into the road. A line of horses flies past the foreground.
The identity of the woman in The Street Enters the House is the subject of some debate. While several scholars postulate that she was an entirely imagined character, Boccioni had a history of employing the women of his family as models. This has led some to the conclusion that the figure is Boccioni's mother, and use the depiction in The Street Enters the House as evidence of Boccioni's changing view of women in general and mothers in particular.
The painting in general showcases Boccioni's evolution from a Neoimpressionist style to one more aligned with the ideals of Cubism, and the catalog description for the piece demonstrates his increasing fascination with scientific terminology. It includes lines such as "The principles of Roentgen rays is applied to the work, allowing the personages to be  studied from all sides, objects both at the front and the back are in the painter's memory." Boccioni experiments with Cubist techniques as a way of keeping elements in both the foreground and background "rushing into the window at the same time" He also weaves in references to his earlier works. See for example, the visual pun of the horse's appearance on the woman's buttock when compared with a line from his earlier Manifesto: "How often have we seen upon the cheek of the person with whom we are talking the horse which passes at the end of the street."
Provenance
The Street Enters The House was completed after Boccioni's return from Paris in November 1911. Its first public display was at the Bernheim-Jeune gallery in Paris as part of the first Futurist exhibition. The exhibition featured works by Boccioni, Carrà, and Severini, among others. It remained at Bernheim-Jeune from 5 to 24 February 1912, before moving on to Herwarth Walden's Sturm Gallery in Berlin, and finally to the Sackville Gallery in London. The painting, along with several others, was purchased by Albert Borchardt in 1913, who later donated it to the Sprengel Museum in Hanover, Germany, where it remains.

References

Other websites
Umberto Boccioni, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on this work

Paintings at Porta Romana
Paintings by Umberto Boccioni
Paintings in Milan
1910s paintings
The City Rises (La città che sale) (1910) is a painting by the Italian painter Umberto Boccioni. It was his first major Futurist work.

Background
The original title of the painting was Il lavoro (Work), as it appeared at the Mostra d'arte libera (Exhibition of free art) in Milan in 1911. Though realistic elements are present, such as the building, and the space is still rendered through perspective, this painting is considered the first true futurist work by Umberto Boccioni, even though it is not markedly different from his several previous works centered on suburbs. In this painting the naturalistic vision of the previous works is partly abandoned, replaced by a more dynamic vision.
Subject
Buildings in construction in a suburb can be seen with chimneys in the upper part, but most of the space is occupied by men and horses, melted together in a dynamic effort. Boccioni thus emphasizes some of the most typical elements of futurism, the exaltation of human work and the importance of the modern town, built around modern necessities.
The painting portrays the construction of a new city with developments and technology. Suburbs, and the urban environment in general, formed the basis of many of Boccioni's paintings, from the capture of the staccato sounds of construction in The Street-Pavers to the riot of sound and colour offered to the observer of street scenes, as typified by The Street Enters the House.

Provenance
In 1912, the picture was bought by the musician Ferruccio Busoni during the travelling futurist art exposition in Europe. It has been exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City as part of their permanent collection.
Related pages 
 Twilight at Porta Romana (Boccioni)
 Porta Romana (Milan)
 Mater (Boccioni)
 The Street Enters the House (Boccioni)

References

Paintings by Umberto Boccioni
Paintings at Porta Romana
Paintings in Milan
1910s paintings
Polsat Box is the company of Cyfrowy Polsat's digital satellite television services. It replaced the company name identical to platform name in August 2021.

History

1999 

On December 5, the third platform in Poland was launched - Polsat 2 Cyfrowy. Initially, the platform offered 10 Polish-language stations, which included: Polsat, Polsat 2, TVP1, TVP2, Polsat's thematic channels and a dozen foreign-language stations. During this period, Polsat 2 Cyfrowy advertised itself as the only digital platform without a subscription.

2000 
A new Polsat set-top box was launched - Samsung DSR 7000, and the Open TV software was also launched.

2001 
In February, a mandatory subscription was introduced, in the same month a movie channel - Filmax was launched, Portal ITV was launched in set-top boxes, and the name of the platform was changed to Polsat Cyfrowy.

2002 
Another decoder was introduced - the Thomson DSI30OP.

2003 
On June 13, Polsat Cyfrowy changed its name to Cyfrowy Polsat.
2004 
Cyfrowy Polsat commissioned Echostar to produce set-top boxes for the platform, Polsat Zdrowie i Uroda launched the same year.

2006 
On October 4, Cyfrowy Polsat modified the logotype of the platform.

2008 
On May 6, Cyfrowy Polsat debuts on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. On June 30, the company's mobile telephony service was launched under the company's brand. In July, the company had nearly 10,000 points of sale throughout Poland and enabled the use of prepaid and postpaid services of the Rodzinna Telefonia Komórkowa Cyfrowego Polsatu. In mid-this same year, the platform was the third in Poland (after n and Cyfra+) to start selling set-top boxes with a hard disk and a freeze function ("freeze frame"), which made it possible to stop the program being watched at any time and play it at a later date.
2009 
On November 30, two new services were launched: wireless internet and VOD Domowa Wypożyczalnia Filmowa, which allows subscribers paid access to popular movies, available on specific positions of the set-top box (items from 201 to 213).

2010 
In November, Cyfrowy Polsat announced that it was buying 100% of the shares of Telewizja Polsat. 2010 also saw the finalization of the purchase of M.Punkt Holdings Ltd., the owner of a distributor of mobile telephony services. In this same year, the company launches the HSPA+ broadband Internet access service and introduces the first HD set-top box of its own production to the market. Until then, a million set-top boxes had been produced in the Cyfrowy Polsat factory.

2011 
Cyfrowy Polsat starts selling LTE services, and the platform's offer is expanded to include Multiroom HD and catch-up TV services.
2012 
Cyfrowy Polsat buys 100% of shares in Redefine, the creator of the IPLA online video service and the muzo music service. This year, a new service is launched - "MOBILNA TV" - operating in digital terrestrial television (DVB-T) technology. LTE Internet speeds up to 150 Mb/s, and its availability is growing - at the beginning of 2013, every second inhabitant of Poland is within the range of the service.

2020 
On April 30, Polsat Group donated 200,000 to Polish hospitals. tests for coronavirus worth PLN 16 million.

On September 8, Cyfrowy Polsat changed the bundling of satellite TV and IPTV. It was critically received by Internet users.

2021 
On August 2, Cyfrowy Polsat changed its logotype and introduced the name Polsat Box.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Television
Chūshingura is a famous Japanese play about Akō incident. This story is played in bunraku, kabuki, many movies. 
Japanese literature
Yakusha-e is a subgenre of ukiyo-e. This is about depiction of Kabuki actors with makeup of their famous roles on woodblock prints.

Related pages 
Ukiyo-e 
Japanese art
Terence Cooper (12 July 1944 – 31 July 2021) was an English football player and manager. He was born in Brotherton, West Riding of Yorkshire. He made twenty appearances for the England national team between 1969 until 1974. He also played for Leeds United and Middlesbrough. Cooper also managed Bristol City.

Cooper died on 31 July 2021 at the age of 77.

References

1944 births
2021 deaths
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
The Parliament of Morocco (; ; ) is the bicameral legislature located in Rabat, the capital of Morocco.

Since 1996, the national legislature has become bicameral and has two parliamentary chambers:
 The House of Representatives or the lower house. 395 members elected directly for a five-year term.
 The House of Councillorss 120 members are elected for a six-year term by two sets of electoral colleges.

References

Organizations based in Morocco
The House of Representatives ( ; ; ) is one of the two chambers of the Moroccan Parliament. The House of Representatives has 395 members elected for five-year terms.

References

Organizations based in Morocco
The House of Councillors ( ; ; ) is the upper house of the Parliament of Morocco and has 120 members, elected for a six-year term.

References

Organizations based in Morocco
Omar Jazouli (1946 – 1 August 2021) was a Moroccan politician. In 1977, he was elected the Parliament of Morocco. He became mayor of Marrakesh in 2003. He lost his mayoral re-election in 2009 by 35 votes.

Jazouli died on 1 August 2021 in Marrakesh of COVID-19, aged 75.

References

1946 births
2021 deaths
Mayors
Moroccan politicians
People from Marrakesh
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco
Tōshūsai Sharaku (active period - 1794 - 1795) was a Japanese ukiyo-e print designer. He depicted the Kabuki actors on woodblock prints. The dates of his birth and his death are not known. His works consist of fewer than 160 prints, chiefly of actors. They are very dynamic, with unflattering details. He became popular when his works appeared in Europe.

After 1795 Sharaku quit his career and suddenly disappeared. Nodoby knows the exact circumstances.

Style 
Sharaku characters have facial expression. Sharaku focused on the actor's psychology.

References 

Japanese printmakers