Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Kalamazoo is a large city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. As of 2017, the city had a total population of 75,807.

Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University, Haworth College of Business, and Kalamazoo College.

On May 13, 1980, a F3 tornado tore through Kalamazoo, killing 5 people, injuring 79, and causing $50 million in damage.

In popular culture 
Kalamazoo's name is used in song titles or lyrics to popular songs, because the way it sounds makes it a "great word for a lyric". Probably the best known was (I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo" by the Glenn Miller band with Tex Beneke. This #1 popular song was written by Mack Gordon and Harry Warren. It was performed by the band playing the part of the Glenn Miller Orchestra in the 1942 movie Orchestra Wives. This was nominated: Best Music, Original Song in Academy Awards, Harry Warren (music), Mack Gordon (lyrics).
Sister cities
The city of Kalamazoo, Michigan has three sister cities.
  Kingston, Jamaica
  Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
  Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia

References

Other websites 

 City of Kalamazoo 
 Kalamazoo County Convention & Visitors Bureau
 Kalamazoo College
 

Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
1831 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Michigan Territory
El Gato Negro (in English “The Black Cat”) is the name of two fictional superheroes that appear in comic books published by Azteca Productions. Created by Richard Dominguez, both characters made their first appearance in El Gato Negro #1.
The first El Gato Negro was Agustin Guerrero, a former luchador from South Texas who decided to use his skills to fight crime during the early '50s and late '60s.  
The current El Gato Negro is Francisco Guerrero, grandson to the original El Gato Negro. He adopted the superhero identity after his best friend was killed in a brutal murder.
Each El Gato Negro adopts a cat-like emblem, which they display in their costume designs or equipment. Although Agustin is not from the Silver Age of comics, he is sometimes referred to as “Silver Age El Gato Negro”, because the comic book’s timeline would place him in that era.

Agustin Guerrero
Agustin Guerrero

Agustin Guerrero was an American soldier from Texas sent overseas to fight in the Korean War. Separated from his battalion, Agustin was lost in the harsh jungles. There he found an exiled Japanese warrior and assassin known as “Nuro Neko” ("黒い猫" - black cat). Nuro Neko trained the young soldier martial arts and the path of a warrior. After being rescued and discharged, Agustin returned to Texas to become a masked wrestler. He adopted the identity of El Gato Negro and his success as a luchador  caused him to have many adventures outside of the wrestling ring before he finally retired in the late '60s.

Francisco Guerrero

The second and current El Gato Negro, Francisco Guerrero is a social worker by day and a vigilante by night. Francisco became the new El Gato Negro after the murder of his friend. Despite being liked by the citizens of his community, El Gato Negro is constantly being hunted by local law enforcement.

Movies
Richard Dominguez is currently in talks for a El Gato Negro movie.
Sources

Other websites 
Azteca Productions
Dominguez Illustrations

Comics characters
Richard Dominguez (born Eufrancio Ricardo Dominguez September 22, 1960 in Dallas, Texas) is an American comic book creator. He is best known for making the comic book El Gato Negro.

Biography
Richard Dominguez was born in Dallas, Texas on September 22, 1960 as the second of seven children. Dominguez first read comics at the age of six. He was first interested in art while in high school. He took classes in Commercial Art and later took Life Drawing classes in community college. Richard later worked as an intern for art and design studios in the late '80s and early '90s.
Azteca Productions
Richard made the Azteca Productions company and imprint in 1993. The first publication was El Gato Negro #1. Dominguez first got the idea for El Gato Negro in the late '80s. He originally planned thought of putting the character in a team of superheroes. Liking the character better on his own, Dominguez left the original project and focused on El Gato Negro. A lot of the character’s personality and look was inspired by Dominguez’s favorite superheroes like The Spirit, The Crimson Avenger, Daredevil, Nightwing, The Shadow, The Phantom, Zorro and Batman. The character has been popular since his introduction. and other media Dominguez is currently looking to make a movie on the character.
Dominguez made his superhero group with the help of friend and writer Michael S. Moore in 1997 in a book called Team Tejas. Richard stopped publishing his books after 1997 to spend time with his family. He later came back to publish new El Gato Negro stories in 2004. Other books he plans on publishing are Lucha Grande Comics, The Acolyte, Demon Hunter, and a revival of Judge Margarito C. Garza's Relampago!

P.A.C.A.S.
The Professional Amigos of Comic Art Society or P.A.C.A.S. was a non-profit organization made by Richard Dominguez with his friends Carlos Saldaña, Jose Martinez, and Fernando Rodriguez in 1995. The group was made to bring together different artists, comic book and cartoon creators together to help with each other’s projects. P.A.C.A.S. grew to over 50 members. Most of them lived in California. The P.A.C.A.S. group no longer exists but there are rumors of a new one being made. Only an official website and MySpace page stand in tribute to their effort.

References
References

Other websites
Dominguez Illustrations 
Official MySpace
Azteca Productions

People from Dallas
1960 births
American comics artists
Living people
Mission: Impossible II is an American action thriller movie directed by John Woo and produced by Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner. Mission: Impossible II tells the story of Ethan Hunt, an agent for the "Impossible Missions Force". Another agent has gone rogue and stolen a virus, so Hunt has to try and get it back. The movie was released on May 24, 2000 in cinemas, then on November 7, 2000 for video and DVD. The movie did not get great reviews from critics; it got a 60% score on review website Metacritic.

This movie is a sequel to Mission: Impossible. It has a sequel called Mission: Impossible III.

Release Dates

References

Other websites
Other websites
 
 

2000 action movies
2000 thriller movies
2000s action thriller movies
2000s spy movies
American action thriller movies
American sequel movies
German action movies
German thriller movies
Mission: Impossible movies
Paramount Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by John Woo
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Movies about terrorism
Movies about diseases
Movies set in Australia
Movies based on TV series
Jan Gotlib (Bogumił) Bloch ( or Блох) (July 24, 1836 – January 7, 1902) (, , , ) was a banker from Poland. He was born in Radom and died in Warsaw. He donated money to help railways, and studied industrial warfare. Bloch published a collection of writings called La Guerre Future, translated to Is War Now Impossible?, in 1898.

1836 births
1902 deaths
Polish writers
Polish Jews
The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is an American three-engine medium- to long-range widebody airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. The model was a successor to the company's DC-8 for long-range operations, and competed in the same markets as the Airbus A300, Boeing 747, and Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, which has a similar layout to the DC-10.

Production of the DC-10 ended in December 1988 with 386 delivered to airlines and 60 to the U.S. Air Force as air-to-air refueling tankers, designated the KC-10 Extender. The DC-10 was succeeded by the related McDonnell Douglas MD-11 which entered service in 1990.

Development
Douglas Aircraft began design studies based on its CX-HLS design. In 1966, American Airlines offered a specification to manufacturers for a widebody aircraft smaller than the Boeing 747 but capable of flying similar long-range routes from airports with shorter runways. The DC-10 became McDonnell Douglas's first commercial airliner after the merger between McDonnell Aircraft Corporation and Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967.  The DC-10 was first ordered by launch customers American Airlines with 25 orders, and United Airlines with 30 orders and 30 options in 1968. The DC-10, a series 10 model, made its first flight on August 29, 1970.  Following a flight test program with 929 flights covering 1,551 hours, the DC-10 was awarded a type certificate from the FAA on July 29, 1971. It entered commercial service with American Airlines on August 5, 1971 on a round trip flight between Los Angeles and Chicago. United Airlines began DC-10 service on August 16, 1971
.[6] The DC-10's similarity to the L-1011 in terms of passenger capacity and launch in the same time frame resulted in a head to head sales competition which affected profitability of the aircraft.
Accidents and Problems 
The DC-10 had design flaws and had a poor safety record in its early years. But later, the design flaws were improved, and the DC-10 became much safer. The following accidents are some of those which have occurred since 1972.
June 12, 1972 - American Airlines Flight 96, bound from Detroit to Buffalo and then to LaGuardia Airport, experienced an explosive decompression in flight. The cause was a poorly-designed rear cargo door. The crew managed to land the plane safely back in Detroit.
 November 3, 1973 - National Airlines Flight 27, en route from New Mexico. The right engine exploded. Of the 128 on board, one passenger died.
 March 3, 1974 - Turkish Airlines Flight 981, bound from Paris to London and carrying 346 passengers and crew, crashed nine minutes after takeoff, killing everyone onboard. The cause was the same as that of American Flight 96.
 November 12, 1975, Overseas National Airways flight 032. During taking off in John F Kennedy Airport, a bird strike occurs. All 129 on board survive.
May 25, 1979 - American Airlines Flight 191 crashed during takeoff near O'Hare International Airport while bound for Los Angeles. All 271 people on board and 2 on the ground were killed; this remains the worst plane crash in America. Engine No. 1 separated from the plane while on takeoff roll. The cause of the crash was due to a maintenance error and a design flaw with the engine's pylon. All DC-10s worldwide were grounded until modifications were made.
 October 31, 1979 - Western Airlines Flight 2605 collided with the construction gears and crashed at Mexico City Airport. Killed 72 of 88 people on board. Airport bus driver is also killed in crash.
November 28, 1979 - Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed into Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica during a sightseeing flight over the continent, killing all 257 on board. It is the deadliest air disaster in Air New Zealand history. The accident was caused by the flight coordinates being altered without the flight crew's knowledge, combined with unique Antarctic weather.
 January 23, 1982 - World Airways Flight 30 overran the runway at Boston Logan International Airport. All 12 crew survived, but two of the 200 passengers were never found.
 September 13, 1982 - Spantax Flight 995 was destroyed by fire after an aborted take-off at Málaga, Spain. Of the 394 People On Board, 50 passengers were killed and 110 injured due to the flames.
 December 3, 1983 - Korean Air Flight 084 collides with SouthCentral Air Flight 59 at Anchorage International Airport. But everyone on both aircraft survived.
July 19, 1989 - United Airlines Flight 232 crashed at Sioux Gateway Airport killing 111 of 296 people. The cause: Engine 2 failed with destruction of the hydraulic systems.
 July 27, 1989 - Korean Air Flight 803 crashed short of the runway in bad weather while trying to land at Tripoli, Libya. 75 of the 199 on board plus another 4 people on the ground were killed in the accident.
 September 19, 1989 - UTA Flight 772 crashed in the Ténéré Desert in Niger following an in-flight bomb explosion, claiming the lives of all 170 on board. The cause: Terrorist bomb exploded.
 December 21, 1992 - Martin Air Flight 495 crashed while landing in bad weather at Faro, Portugal. Of the 340 people on board, 54 passengers and crew were killed. The cause: Windshear.
June 13, 1996 -  Garuda Indonesia Flight 865 had just taken off from Fukuoka Airport, Japan, when a high-pressure blade from the right engine separated. The aircraft was just a few feet above the runway, and the pilot decided to abort the takeoff. Consequently, the DC-10 skidded off the runway and came to a halt 1,600 ft (490 m) past it, losing one of its engines and its landing gear. Three passengers perished in the accident.
 January 31, 2001 - Japan Airlines Flight 958  Almost Mid-Air Collision in 2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident. But everyone on board survived.
References 

Civil aircraft
Ocean liner is the name given to (usually large) ships that are used to transport people or goods. These ships travel along given routes; they usually have a schedule. Usually, ocean liners travel long distances. The ships used for short distances, for example across a channel,  a lake, or between an island and the coast close by, are called ferries. Ocean liners are used for transportation. Cruise ships are different, they are used for pleasure. 

The “golden Age” of the ocean liner was the first half of the 20th Century, when ocean liners commonly carried hundreds upon thousands of poor immigrants from Europe to North America, the United States especially. Hundreds of ocean liners were built during this period.  

When WW2 started in 1939, many ocean liners were turned into troop ships, to transport soldiers to Europe and Asia, by both sides. After the war, most remaining ocean liners were returned to their original owners.
In the second half of the 20th century, ocean liners have been replaced by aircraft more and more. In the 1950’s, as airplanes like the De Havilland Comet and Boeing 707 were built, ocean liners seemed redundant as jet liners were faster and easier to build than ocean liners. By the 1980’s, most ocean liners had been retired with only a few outliers staying in service.

Ship types
Akakor is a fictional ancient underground city somewhere between Brazil and Peru. 

The German journalist Karl Brugger described the city in his book The Chronicle of Akakor (1976). Information about the city is from an interview with Tatunca Nara, a Brazilian Indian. Tantunca Nara speaks about possible contact with extraterrestrials in the ancient past. He says these extraterrestrials are believed to have built this mysterious city. Two similar cities are mentioned in this book - Akanis and Akahim. 

Later Rüdiger Nehberg showed that Tatunca Nara was actually a German named Günther Hauck.

Parts of the story from The Chronicle of Akakor were used in the movie Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.

References 
Karl Brugger: Die Chronik von Akakor, Econ Publishers: Düsseldorf, Vienna, 1976

Other websites
 The legend of Akakor
 Article about underground secrets of South America 

Cities in South America
Fictional locations
The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible or the Mazarin Bible) is a printed version of the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible that was printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, Germany in the 15th century. Although it is not the first book to be printed by Gutenberg's new movable type system, it is his major work, and of central importance for the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the "Age of the Printed Book".  It is a very rare and expensive book. Fewer than 200 were made, and 49 complete or nearly complete ones are known. It has 1286 pages.

The earliest known book with movable type was published 78 years before in Korea and is known as the Jikji.

Related pages 
 Printing.

Notes
Notes

Other websites 
 Treasures in Full: Gutenberg Bible Complete digitized texts of the two Gutenberg bibles in the British Library
 The University of Texas Ransom Center's Gutenberg Bible website including detailed images 
 Online digital edition
 Gutenberg site made by the city of Mainz 
 A complete list of digitized copies at German Wikipedia 

Bibles
Christianity in Germany
15th century in Germany‎
Mainz
15th-century books
Dancing with the Stars is a rhythm game based on the show Dancing with the Stars. It was released on October 23, 2007 in the United States. It was later released for Windows computers and mobile phones. It was made by Zoë Mode with other help from Activision.

Characters
In the game you have option of playing as selected celebrities and professional dancers from the show.

PS2 and Wii
 Joey McIntyre & Ashly DelGrosso (3rd Place in Season 1)
 Stacy Keibler & Tony Dovolani (3rd Place in Season 2)
 Lisa Rinna & Louis van Amstel (4th Place in Season 2)
 Emmitt Smith & Cheryl Burke (1st Place in Season 3)
 Mario Lopez & Karina Smirnoff (2nd Place in Season 3)
 Joey Lawrence & Edyta Sliwinska (3rd Place in Season 3)
 Monique Coleman & Brian Fortuna (4th Place in Season 3)
 Shanna Moakler & Jesse DeSoto (10th Place in Season 3)
 Laila Ali & Maksim Chmerkovskiy (3rd Place in Season 4)
Mobile phones
On the mobile phone version, the only characters listed are the celebrities. There are no mentions of their professional partners.
Kelly Monaco (1st Place in Season 1 with Alec Mazo)
 John O'Hurley (2nd Place in Season 1 with Charlotte Jorgensen)
 Drew Lachey (1st Place in Season 2 with Cheryl Burke)
 Stacy Keibler (3rd Place in Season 2 with Tony Dovolani)
 Lisa Rinna (4th Place in Season 2 with Louis van Amstel)
 Emmitt Smith (1st Place in Season 3 with Cheryl Burke)
 Mario Lopez (2nd Place in Season 3 with Karina Smirnoff)
 Monique Coleman (4th Place in Season 3 with Jesse DeSoto)
 Harry Hamlin (9th Place in Season 3 with Ashly DelGrosso)
 Apolo Anton Ohno (1st Place in Season 4 with Julianne Hough)
 Joey Fatone (2nd Place in Season 4 with Kym Johnson)
 Laila Ali (3rd Place in Season 4 with Maksim Chmerkovskiy)
 Billy Ray Cyrus (5th Place in Season 4 with Karina Smirnoff)
 John Ratzenberger (6th Place in Season 4 with Edyta Sliwinska)
 Heather Mills (7th Place in Season 4 with Jonathan Roberts )
 Shandi Finnessey (10th Place in Season 4 with Brian Fortuna)
PC Game
For the PC game, the player can choose any of the following characters and he or she will automatically be partnered with either a professional dancer or a celebrity depending on the character the player chooses.

Celebrities
 Apolo Anton Ohno (1st Place in Season 4)
 Billy Ray Cyrus (5th place in Season 4)
 Drew Lachey (1st Place in Season 2)
 Emmitt Smith (1st Place in Season 3)
 Harry Hamlin (9th place in Season 3)
 Joey Fatone (2nd Place in Season 4)
 John O'Hurley (2nd Place in Season 1)
 John Ratzenberger (6th Place in Season 4)
 Kelly Monaco (1st Place in Season 1)
 Laila Ali (3rd Place in Season 4)
 Lisa Rinna (4th Place in Season 2)
 Mario Lopez (2nd Place in Season 3)
 Monique Coleman (4th Place in Season 3)
 Stacy Keibler (3rd Place in Season 2)
Professionals
 Alec Mazo (Seasons 1, and 4-5)
 Ashly DelGrosso (Seasons 1-3, 7)
 Brian Fortuna (Season 4)
 Charlotte Jorgensen (Season 1)
 Cheryl Burke (Seasons 2-6)
 Edyta Sliwinska (Seasons 1-6)
 Jonathan Roberts (Seasons 1-2, and 4-6)
 Julianne Hough (Seasons 4-6)
 Karina Smirnoff (Seasons 3-6)
 Kym Johnson (Seasons 3-6)
 Maksim Chmerkovskiy (Seasons 2-5, 7)
 Tony Dovolani (Seasons 2-6)

Dances
The dances in the game are all dances from the show.

PS2 & Wii
 Mambo
 Jive
 Samba
 Cha-Cha-Cha
 Tango
 Waltz
 Quickstep
 Foxtrot
 Paso Doble
 Rumba

Mobile phone
 Jive
 Cha-Cha-Cha

Sequel
A sequel, Dancing with the Stars: We Dance! (or Dancing with the Stars: Get Your Dance On!), was released October 21, 2008 for Wii and Nintendo DS. It was made by Activision. The game features celebrities including Mel B, Apolo Anton Ohno, Joey Fatone and Jennie Garth and new professional dancers including Derek Hough and his sister Julianne Hough.
2007 video games
Dancing with the Stars
PlayStation 2 games
Wii games
Video games based on television shows
A fight song is a song that sports fans sing when supporting their favorite team. They are very popular in the United States.  Many colleges and universities there have fight songs. In other countries they are sometimes called team songs or team anthems.

Sports team songs
The World Draughts Federation (WDF) is the organisation which administers draughts throughout the world.  
It was created in 1947.  In the French language it is called Fédération Mondiale du Jeu de Dames (FMJD).
The WDF has organised the world draughts championships since 1948.

Other websites  
World Draughts Federation (WDF)
 

Draughts
1947 establishments
International sports organizations
Kenny Florian is an American mixed martial artist with training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai. He was in the first season of The Ultimate Fighter reality show. He fights as a lightweight for the UFC.

Other websites
 Official Kenny Florian Web Site

American mixed martial artists
1976 births
Living people
Phoenix (pronounce: "FEE-niks") most often refers to:
 Phoenix (mythology), a mythical bird that dies in flames and is reborn from the ashes
 Phoenix, Arizona, a large city in the United States
 Phoenix (spacecraft), a spacecraft that landed in the north polar region of Mars

Phoenix may also refer to:

Arts, literature, entertainment

Comics 
 Phoenix (comics), a fictional cosmic entity in the Marvel Comics universe, and the associated characters:
 "Phoenix", alias of Marvel Comics character Jean Grey
 "Phoenix", alias of Marvel Comics character Rachel Grey
 Phoenix (manga), a manga by Osamu Tezuka (original Japanese title: Hi no Tori)
 Phoenix Ikki, a character from the manga Saint Seiya
Movies 
 Phoenix (movie), a 1998 movie starring  Ray Liotta and Anjelica Huston
 The Flight of the Phoenix, a 1964 novel, 1965 movie, and 2004 remake
 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (movie), the fifth movie based on the Harry Potter book series
 The name assigned by the Nazis to the Stealth bomber airplane in the 1993 movie, The Philadelphia Experiment II
Television 
 Phoenix (TV series), a 1992-1993 Australian police drama
 The Phoenix (2004 TV series), an MBC Korean drama starring Eric Mun
 The Phoenix (1982 TV series), a short-lived American science fiction series starring Judson Scott
 Phoenix Television, a Hong Kong based television broadcaster
 Phoenix (German TV station), a German publicly-funded television station
 Phoenix (Star Trek), the name of two fictional spacecraft in the Star Trek universe
 Phoenix Foundation, a non-profit think tank and government contractor from TV-series MacGyver. Later in the series the employer of the eponymous title character.
 Phoenix Organization, a semi-scientific, semi-occult group conducting research into near-death experiences in the television series John Doe
 Phoenix Nights, a British sitcom
 The Phoenix is the fifth Daedalus class battlecruiser in the television series Stargate Atlantis
 Phoenix (American Gladiator) Character on the television show American Gladiators.
Literature 
 The Phoenix, a 1999 play written by Morgan Spurlock
 de Ave Phoenice, a poem attributed to Lactantius
 The Phoenix (novel), a 2000 German historical novel by Henning Boëtius
 The Phoenix on the Sword, a Conan the Barbarian story by Robert E. Howard.
 The Phoenix and the Turtle, an enigmatic poem by William Shakespeare
 Phoenix (novel), a fantasy novel by Stephen Brust
 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, a 2003 novel by J.K. Rowling
 David and the Phoenix, children's book by Edward Ormondroyd
 The Phoenix (play), a 1603-4 play by Thomas Middleton
 The Phoenix Nest, a 1593 anthology of poetry with numerous noted contributors

Magazines and journals 
 The Phoenix (art journal), edited by James Cooney and Henry Miller
 The Phoenix (magazine), an Irish news and satire magazine
 Phoenix (classics journal), a Canadian classics journal
 Phoenix (literary magazine), a Russian samizdat journal published by Yuri Galanskov
 Phoenix (Austrian magazine) a neo-Nazi Austrian magazine
Newspapers 
 The Phoenix (newspaper), a collective name of alternative weekly newspapers in Boston, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; and Portland, Maine
 Loyola Phoenix, a newspaper of Loyola University Chicago
 The Phoenix, a student newspaper of Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
 The Phoenix, a student conservative journal of Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana
Music 
 Phoenix Metropolitan Men's Chorus, a singing ensemble representing Phoenix's gay and lesbian population
 Phoenix (band), a French pop/rock band
 Crippled Black Phoenix, A British post-rock band
 Transsylvania Phoenix, a Romanian band
 Phoenix Radio, a Greek internet radio station
 Phoenix (Grand Funk Railroad album), a 1972 album by Grand Funk Railroad
 Phoenix (Labelle album), a 1975 album by Labelle
 Phoenix (Dan Fogelberg album), a 1980 album by Dan Fogelberg
 The Days of the Phoenix EP, a 2001 album by AFI, and also a song on that album
 Phoenix (Pink Turns Blue album), a 2005 album by Pink Turns Blue
 The Phoenix (Lyfe Jennings album), a 2006 album by Lyfe Jennings
 Phoenix (Agathodaimon album), a 2008 album by Agathodaimon
 Phoenix (Asia album), a 2008 album by Asia
 Phoenix (Zebrahead album), a 2008 album by Zebrahead
 "Phoenix", a song on the 1970 Wishbone Ash album Wishbone Ash
 "Phoenix", a song on the 1997 Daft Punk album Homework
 "Phoenix", a song on the 2000 Stratovarius album Infinite
"Phoenix", a song on the 2004 The Prodigy album Always Outnumbered, Never Outgunned
 "Phoenix" (Decoded Feedback song), a song on the 2003 Decoded Feedback Shockwave (album)
 "The Phoenix Effect", a song on the 2007 Delta-S album Voyage to Isis
Sports 
 Phoenix Champ Car Grand Prix, a car race in downtown Phoenix, Arizona
 Phoenix Coyotes, an NHL hockey team based in Phoenix, Arizona
 Phoenix Finance, attempted to enter Formula 1 in 2002, after buying some of the assets of the defunct Prost team.
 Phoenix Suns, an NBA basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona
 Phoenix Mercury, a WNBA basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona
 Phoenix International Raceway, a race track in Phoenix, Arizona
 Elon Phoenix, the intercollegiate athletic teams for Elon University
 Manchester Phoenix, a British ice hockey club playing in the Elite Ice Hockey League
 Wellington Phoenix FC, a football (soccer) club from New Zealand which plays in the Australian A-League
 Yorkshire Phoenix, the name for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in one-day games
 Phoenix Baia Mare, a football club in Romania
 Phoenix Racing, a NASCAR team owned by James Finch
Phoenix, a sports festival organised by the Recreation Committee of The National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India
 University of Wisconsin-Green Bay (UWGB) Phoenix
 Phoenix Cricket Club, a cricket club in Dublin, Ireland
 Melbourne Phoenix, an Australian national netball team based in Melbourne, Australia
Video and arcade games 
 Phoenix, character in the F-Zero video games
 Phoenix (arcade game), a 1980 arcade game
 Phoenix Wright, title character of a lawyer simulation visual novel game
 Fenix (StarCraft), a hero from Starcraft
 Marcus Fenix, the main character Gears of War
 Phoenix, a fast muscle car in the Grand Theft Auto series
 Phoenix International, fictional corporation in James Bond 007: Nightfire

Astronomy and space exploration 
 Phoenix (constellation), a minor southern constellation
 Phoenix Dwarf, a small galaxy
 Phoenix (spacecraft), a NASA mission to Mars, launched in 2007
 EADS Phoenix, a proposed unmanned European reusable launch vehicle
 Project Phoenix (SETI), a search for extraterrestrial intelligence by listening for radio signals

Biology 
 Phoenix (plant), genus of trees within the palm family Arecaceae (including the Date Palm)
 Phoenix (chicken), a breed of chicken from Japan
Companies 
 Phoenix AG, an industrial company based in Hamburg, Germany producing industrial rubber-based products
 Phoenix Motorcars, a California-based company that focuses on developing electric vehicles
 Phoenix Natural Gas, a utility company in Northern Ireland
 Phoenix Pharmahandel, a pharmaceutical company based in Mannheim, Germany
 Phoenix Venture Holdings, a British company
 Phoenix (automobile), a defunct British automobile company

Computing 
 Phoenix (compiler framework), a framework from Microsoft
 Phoenix Object Basic, a software-based objective programming language
 Phoenix (computer), an IBM mainframe at Cambridge University
 Phoenix Technologies, a BIOS manufacturer
 Mozilla Firefox, a web browser that was previously known as Phoenix
Maritime (civil) ships and boats 
 Phoenix (boat), steamship built 1806-07, the first steamboat to sail the open ocean
 Phoenix (ship) or Phenix, a whaling vessel based in Nantucket (1821-1858), discoverer of Winslow Reef
 Phoenix (of London), nineteenth century whaling vessel based in London and active in the Pacific in the 1820s, discoverer of Phoenix Island (Rawaki)
 USS Phoenix (1861) whaler of New London, sunk in the Stone Fleet, 1861
 Phoenix of New Bedford, whaler
 Phoenix (Moore), Captain Hugh Moore.  British East India ship, wintered in the Columbia River in 1794
 Phoenix (Alaska) the first ship built in the Russian colony of Alaska (1794-1799)
 Sao Jao y Fenix, also known as Fenis and St. Joseph, a 50-foot open boat involved in the Vancouver Expedition
 Phoenix (tall ship), of Dell Quay

Military, naval and air forces

Ships 
 HMS Phoenix, the name of fifteen ships in the Royal Navy
 USS Phoenix, the name of several ships in United States Navy
Others 
 AIM-54 Phoenix, a long-range air-to-air missile
 HMT-302 - United States Marine Corps helicopter squadron known as the Phoenix.
 Phoenix breakwaters, components of a Mulberry harbour
 Phoenix Program, CIA program in Vietnam to neutralize the noncombatant infrastructure of Viet Cong (VCI) cadres
 Phoenix (UAV), an unmanned air vehicle operated by the Royal Artillery
 Project Phoenix (South Africa), the name of the South African National Defence Force programme to revive its Reserve Force

Mythology 
 Phoenix (mythology), a mythical bird that dies in flames and is reborn from the ashes. 
 Fenghuang, the Asian phoenix. 
 Phoenix (Myrmidon), a character in the Iliad who serves under Achilles as one of his commanders; or a different character in Greek mythology, brother of Cadmus and Europa 
 Phoenix (son of Agenor)
People 
 Beth Phoenix, a professional wrestler
 Joaquin Phoenix (born 1974), American actor
 Lauren Phoenix (born 1979), Canadian pornographic actress
 Lena Phoenix, author
 River Phoenix (1970–1993), American actor
 "Phoenix", the handle of Nahshon Even-Chaim (born 1971), convicted Australian computer hacker
 "The Phoenix", an alias for professional wrestler Jody Fleisch (born 1980)
 "Phoenix", the stage name of Dave Farrell, bass guitarist in Linkin Park
 Simon Phoenix, a fictional character in the film Demolition Man

Places 
 Phoenix, Mauritius, a town on Mauritius
 Phoenix Islands, a sparsely populated island chain in Kiribati
 Phoenix Park in Dublin, Ireland
 Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto
 Phoenix Cinema, the oldest continuously-running cinema in London

In the United States:
 Phoenix, Arizona
 Phoenix, Illinois
 Phoenix, Maryland
 Phoenix, Michigan
 Phoenix, New York
 Phoenix, Oregon
 Phoenixville, Pennsylvania
 Phenix City, Alabama (note spelling)
Other uses 
 Phénix, a prototype fast breeder nuclear reactor in France
 Phoenix Patrol Challenge, the national scoutcraft competition of Scouting Ireland
 Phoenix Project, a Virginia-based nonprofit
 Greek phoenix, first modern Greek currency
 Order of the Phoenix (Greek order), a modern Greek order
 Bristol Phoenix, a diesel-powered aircraft engine
 Phoenix (roller coaster), a roller coaster in Knoebels amusement park in Elysburg, Pennsylvania
 Phoenix LRT Station, a Singaporean Light-rail (LRT) station operated by SMRT
 University of Phoenix, a university in the United States of America
 Phoenix Lights, one of the most witnessed UFO sightings ever
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 Phoenix codes, police radio shorthand
 Chrysler Phoenix engine, an upcoming V6 engines family planned at Chrysler for 2010
 Pontiac Phoenix, American automobile
 The Phoenix Sorority, New York City Fellowship organization for young women
 PHOENIX Pharmahandel, a German pharmaceutical company.
This article is about the mathematician Marie-Sophie Germain. For the number theory (set, or predicate), see Sophie Germain prime.Marie-Sophie Germain (April 1, 1776 – June 27, 1831) was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher who made important contributions to differential geometry and number theory. She was born in 1776 in an era of revolution. In the year of her birth, 1776, the American Revolution began. In many ways Sophie embodied the spirit of revolution into which she was born. She was a middle-class female who went against the wishes of her family and the social prejudices of the time to become a highly recognized mathematician. Like the member of a revolution, her life was full of perseverance and hard work. It took a long time for her to be recognized and appreciated for her contributions to the field of mathematics, but she did not give up
. Even today, it is felt that she was never given as much credit as she was due for the contributions she made in number theory and mathematical physics because she was a woman.
Sophie Germain was born in Paris. As we have mentioned before, her family was quite wealthy. Her father was a merchant and later became director of the Bank of France. Sophie's interest in mathematics began during the French Revolution when she was 13 years old and confined to her home due to the danger caused by revolts in Paris. She initially received opposition from her parents and also the difficulties presented by the society for females to study. However, she had the opportunity to learn from books in her father’s library, so she spent a great deal of time in there. She read important scientists and one day she ran across a book in which the legend of Archimedes' death was recounted. This legend has it that during the invasion of his city by the Romans Archimedes was so engrossed in the study of a geometric figure in the sand that he failed to respond to the questioning of a Roman soldier. As a result, he was speared to death. This sparked Sophie's interest
. If someone could be so engrossed in a problem as to ignore a soldier and then die for it, the subject must be interesting. Thus, she began her study of mathematics.
Sophie began teaching herself mathematics and other topics using the books in her father's library. But her parents felt that her interest was inappropriate for a female (the common belief of the middle-class in the 19th century), and they did all they could to discourage her. She began studying at night to escape them, but they went to such measures as taking away her clothes once she was in bed and depriving her of heat and light to make her stay in her bed at night instead of studying. However, their efforts failed. She would wrap herself in quilts and use candles she had hidden in order to study at night. Finally. and they realized that Sophie's passion for mathematics was "incurable," and they let her learn. Thus, Sophie spent the years of the Reign of Terror studying differential calculus without the aid of a tutor. She was self-taught.

Work, and correspondences
In 1794, when Sophie was 18, the Ecole Polytechnique was founded in Paris. It was an academy to train mathematicians and scientists for the country, but women were not allowed to enroll. Nevertheless, Sophie was able to obtain the lecture notes for several of the courses and study from them. This gave her the opportunity to learn from many of the prominent mathematicians of those days. Sophie was particularly interested in the teachings of Joseph Louis Lagrange. Under the pseudonym of M. LeBlanc (a former student of Lagrange's), she submitted a paper on analysis to Lagrange at the end of the term. He was quite impressed with the work and wanted to meet the student who had written it. He was amazed that the author of the work was actually a female; he recognized her abilities and became her mentor. With a male to introduce her, Sophie could enter the circle of scientists and mathematicians that she never before could
. Up until this point not only had her gender been a hindrance to her, but her social status had been too, because she was not an aristocratic woman but one of the middle class. Lagrange certainly made his colleagues aware that Germain was a girl with mathematical talent and several of them wrote to her; for instance, Monge. But not everyone treated her with the respect she deserved. One case was Jérôme Lalande. She started to talk to him about Laplace's Exposition du système du monde. Lalande told her that she should not be reading such works, rather she should be reading the second edition of his book Astronomie des dames. This "astronomy for ladies" does not contain a single mathematical equation and Germain felt insulted by his suggestion. Lalande sent her a letter of apology but she never forgave him.
Among her work done during these years is what would be her most important work in number theory. In 1820, Sophie made a statement about the divisibility of solutions to Fermat’s equation, for an odd prime p. She proved that if x, y, and z are integers and if x5 + y5 = z5 then either x, y, or z must be divisible by 5. 

The prize from the Academy, however, was of immediate importance because it introduced her into the ranks of the prominent mathematicians of the time. She became the first woman who was not a wife of a member to attend the Academy of Sciences' sessions. She was also praised by the Institut de France and was invited to attend their sessions. Sophie continued working with well-known male mathematicians in the 1820s as an "equal collaborator" to refine her proofs and work in number theory; and also continued to work in philosophy until her death, in 1831.
Later life 
After a battle with breast cancer, Sophie Germain died at the age of 55 on June 27, 1831 in Paris. Shortly before this Gauss, one of her earliest mentors, had convinced the University of Gottingen to give Sophie an honorary degree. She died before she could receive it.

Related pages
 Timeline of women in mathematics

References 
https://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/germain.htm#:~:text=Sophie%20Germain%20was%20a%20revolutionary,also%20very%20important%20to%20mathematics.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophie-Germain

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Germain/

https://totallyhistory.com/sophie-germain/

Other websites

1776 births
1831 deaths
French number theorists
Differential geometers
French geometers
A cutting board or chopping board is a strong board used to chop food on. It may also be used to cut raw materials such as leather or plastic. Kitchen cutting boards are often made of wood or plastic. There are also cutting boards made of glass, steel, marble or corian. These kinds of cutting boards are easier to clean than wooden or plastic ones. On the down side, they normally damage knives.

Kitchenware
A measuring cup is a cup used to measure liquids or other ingredients, such as sugar or flour.

It is generally used in cooking for measurements.

Kitchenware
The Simple English Wikipedia is a Simple English Language version of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, written in a language that is easy to understand but is still natural and grammatical.

The articles in the Simple English Wikipedia use shorter sentences and easier words and grammar than the regular English Wikipedia. The language used here is plain English, without idioms, slang and jargon (when possible). Some articles are written only in Basic English, which is even simpler. This makes articles easier to understand and edit. If someone cannot understand an idea in the English Wikipedia, they can read a Simple English article.
When Simple English Wikipedia started making pages and allowing changes in 2003, the English Wikipedia already had 150,000 articles. Seven other Wikipedias in other languages also had over 15,000 articles. Because the other Wikipedias already have a lot of articles, most Simple English articles are not new. They are usually simpler versions of articles from the ordinary English Wikipedia. Right now, the Simple English Wikipedia has  articles. The Simple English Wikipedia started on September 18, 2001, and is the 47th-largest Wikipedia, as of January 2023.

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Websites established in 2001
The Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) is a college sports conference in the United States that sponsors many sports, but has not played football since the 1984 season.

The MVC has its roots in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA), a league formed in 1907 by several schools in the Midwestern United States. The MVIAA split into two leagues in 1928. One league, made up mostly of large schools, kept the MVIAA name and years later became the Big Eight Conference. The smaller schools formed the MVC. Both groups claimed a 1907 founding date, and the same history up to the 1928 split. However, the Big Eight merged in 1996 with several schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference to form today's Big 12 Conference, which does not claim any of the Big Eight's history. Because of this, only the MVC now has a claim to any of the MVIAA's history.

Members 
Following the departure of one school and the arrival of three in July 2022, the MVC has 12 members.
Associate members
The MVC has three "associate members", each of which plays one sport in the conference.

References
In 1992, the women's portion of the Gateway merged into the MVC. At that time, the Gateway became a football-only conference, changing its name to Gateway Football Conference. In 2008, the Gateway (which now had five MVC members) changed its name to the current Missouri Valley Football Conference. The MVFC and MVC are still legally separate, but operate out of the same offices in St. Louis.

Current members
Illinois State University
Indiana State University
Missouri State University
University of North Dakota
North Dakota State University
University of Northern Iowa
University of South Dakota
South Dakota State University
Southern Illinois University Carbondale (usually called "Southern Illinois")
Western Illinois University
Youngstown State University
Former members
Two schools that were in the MVFC during the Gateway era have moved to other conferences.
 Eastern Illinois University – member from 1985–1995; left for the Ohio Valley Conference.
 Western Kentucky University – member from 2001–2006; upgraded its football program to the top-level Division I FBS. It was already a non-football member of the Sun Belt Conference, and later played football in the Sun Belt as well. WKU has since moved to Conference USA.

References
A right is something a person has which people think should not be taken away. It is a rule about what a person is allowed to do or have. A right is different from a privilege, which is something that must be earned.

Rights may be put into laws, so they have legal protection. But a right can exist where most people think it is good (just).
Examples
Many think people have a "right to life".  That means that if one person kills another, the killer would be taking away the victim's "right to life". It also means life should be preserved or guarded when it is threatened in other ways.
People may also have a "right to property". It means they can own property. It also means people should not steal things from each other.
In many countries, people have a "right to free speech", which means other people should not stop them from speaking their opinions. Some countries have laws which allow newspapers and television to give opinions. They can speak against their government if they wish to.
People can defend themselves if other people attack them. That is called self-defense.

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 Civil and political rights
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AU can mean these things: 

 Astronomical unit, A unit of distance used in Astronomy.
 Auburn University, A university in Alabama, USA.
 Al-Azhar University,  a university and mosque in Cairo, Egypt. It is the main centre of Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning in the world. It is also the world's second-oldest surviving university. 
 Anadolu University, a high-degree educational institution in Eskişehir, Turkey.
 Adamson University, a private Roman Catholic university in Manila, Philippines.
 Ariel University, a public university in Ariel, a Jewish settlement in the West Bank. It used to be called the "Ariel University Center of Samaria". 
 African Union, an international organization consisting of fifty-three African member countries. 
 Au, the symbol for the chemical element gold, a metal.
 .au, the Internet country code for Australia.
 AU, abbreviation of Alternate Universe.
UA may mean:
 Ukraine
 University of Alabama
The abbreviation FSU can mean:
 Florida State University, a university in the USA
 Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, a university in Germany
Ohio State University (OSU) is a public university in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Ohio State was founded in 1870. Ohio State University has been noted by multiple publications as one of the highest ranked universities in the United States and in the world.

History 
The university was started in 1870 in a farming group in Columbus, Ohio. The first class had only 24 students. In the 1880s, Ohio State started taking graduate students. They started the law school in 1891. Later, Ohio State added colleges of medicine, dentistry, commerce, and journalism. In 1906, Ohio made a law that said Ohio State University was the state's "flagship campus", or the best school in the state of Ohio.

Academics

Rankings 
In 1916, Ohio State was the first university in Ohio to be in the Association of American Universities. Ohio State is still the only Ohio public university in the association.
U.S. News & World Report has ranked Ohio State University as the best public university in Ohio, one of the top 60 universities in the United States, and one of the top 20 public universities in the United States. In 2007, China's Shanghai Jiao Tong University said Ohio State was the 61st best university in the world.

The school was also ranked as the 24th best university in the US, 10th top public university, and top school in Ohio by Arizona State University. The Washington Monthly college rankings placed Ohio State as the 12th best in the country and 10th best public university.
Faculty and research 
Ohio State’s faculty includes a Nobel Prize-winning physicist, Kenneth G. Wilson. It has twenty-one members of the United States National Academy of Sciences or National Academy of Engineering, plus four members of the Institute of Medicine. There are also 159 elected fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science who are teaching at Ohio State. In the last 25 years, thirty-two Ohio State faculty members have been given the Guggenheim Fellowship, which is more than all other public and private Ohio universities combined.

Ohio State is using over $110 million to research important issues, such as research to find a cure for cancer, renewable energy sources, and sustainable drinking water supplies.

Admissions 
Undergraduate admissions to Ohio State are said to be "more selective" by US News & World Report. It is the most selective public university in Ohio, and it is the hardest university in Ohio to get into.