Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Voice Cast
 Jonathan Winters as Papa Smurf
 Alan Cumming as Gutsy Smurf
 Lucille Bliss as Smurfette
 Danny Goldman as Brainy Smurf
 Michael Bell as Grouchy Smurf and Handy Smurf
 Anton Yelchin as Clumsy Smurf
 Kenan Thompson as Greedy Smurf
 Alan Oppenheimer as Vanity Smurf
 Wolfgang Puck as Chef Smurf
 Frank Welker as Hefty Smurf and Azrael
 June Foray as Jokey Smurf
 B.J. Novak as Baker Smurf
 Tom Kane as Narrator Smurf
 John Kassir as Crazy Smurf
 Alan Young as Farmer Smurf

2011 comedy movies
2011 animated movies
American comedy movies
American animated movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
Smurfs
The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 animated comedy movie. It is the sequel to the 2011 movie The Smurfs. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Katy Perry, Christina Ricci, and Jonathan Winters. This was the last movie by Jonathan Winters. It was released on July 31, 2013.

2013 comedy movies
2013 animated movies
American comedy movies
American animated movies
English-language movies
Smurfs
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a 1963 American comedy movie. It is about when a thief hid a large amount of money and causes a madcap cross-country rush to find the money. It stars Spencer Tracy, Mickey Rooney, Peter Falk, Carl Reiner, Milton Berle, Jimmy Durante, Phil Silvers, Sid Caesar, Ethel Merman and Jonathan Winters. It won one Academy Award for Best Effects.

Other websites 

 It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) The Movie Database
 Something a Little Less Serious: A Tribute to 'It's a Mad Mad Mad Mad World' A 1991 documentary about the film. The Movie Databse

1963 comedy movies
Academy Award winning movies
American action movies
American adventure movies
American comedy movies
American epic movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Stanley Kramer
Mazu, also known as Matsu, is a popular Taoist and Chinese Buddhist goddess. She is the goddess and patroness of the sea. She is believed to protect fisherman and sailors. Mazu is widely worshiped in southern China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Fuijian, Guangdong and Hainan. She is popularly known as Empress of Heaven and Holy Mother Empress of Heaven. Her other popular titles are Holy Mother Empress of the Heavens above, Heavenly Imperial Concubine, Lady Mazu, Heavenly Princess consort and Heavenly Holy Mother.

Life and Death  
Mazu was born on 23 March  906. According to legend when she did not cry when she was born, so she was thereafter named Lin Moniang which means Silent girl or silent young female. She had a mysterious ability to predict weather and often she warned others to not make journeys to the sea. She became a very good swimmer and would often rescue people from the sea even in the harshest weather. There are at least 2 versions of her death.
One legend tells that Mazu went out into the sea during a storm to try to find her lost father. Hours passed but still she could not find her father and later died of exhaustion. 

 Another legend tells that Mazu climbed a mountain alone and flew into the heavens and became a goddess.

Worship  
After her death, her family and many other families of sailors and fishermen started to pray for her heroic acts to try to save those at sea. Soon her worship spread quickly to other parts of Asia. Starting from Fuijian, worship of Mazu spread to neighboring coastal provinces of Zhejiang and Guandong, and thence to all coastal areas of mainland China. Later, due to Chinese immigrants, the worship of Mazu further spread to Taiwan, Vietnam, Japan, Ryuku Islands, and parts of Southeast Asia. Many people soon began to build temples dedicated to Mazu all over the world.
Appearance 
Mazu is usually shown sitting on a throne between two demons known as "Thousand Miles eye" (, Qianli Yan) and "With-the-Wind Ear" ( Shunfeng Er). According to legend, both of them were conquered by Mazu and then both of them fell in love with her. Mazu said she would marry the one that defeats her. Using her martial art skills, Mazu defeats them both and they become her friends. She is usually dressed in a red robe in paintings and murals, but in sculptures she is clothed in jewel-festooned robes of an empress holding a ceremonial tablet or a jeweled staff whilst wearing the easily recognized flat-topped imperial cap with hanging beads at the front and back.

Taoism
Buddhist gods and goddesses
Chinese gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses of water
Banquo is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play Macbeth. He was a friend of the play's villain Macbeth. Banquo was the thane of Lochaber. He was killed by murderers hired by Macbeth so that he doesn't get in the way of Macbeth's reign as king. His son, Fleance was with him during the attack and lives.

References

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Sir Reginald Carey "Rex" Harrison (5 March 1908 – 2 June 1990) was an English stage and movie actor. He began his stage career in 1924. He won a Tony Award in 1949, and another for his role of Professor Henry Higgins in the stage production of My Fair Lady in 1957. He played the role in the 1964 movie version, and won a Golden Globe Award and Best Actor Oscar. Harrison appeared in many movies including Cleopatra (1963) and Doctor Dolittle (1967). He was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1989. Harrison wrote two autobiographies. One was published in 1975, and the other after his death in 1991. He was married six times. He had two sons. He died in June 1990.

Other websites 

1908 births
1990 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Lancashire
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Golden Globe Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
My Fair Lady is a 1964 movie based on Lerner and Lowe's 1957 stage musical of the same name. The musical and movie are based on the movie adaptation of the stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. The movie was directed by George Cukor. It stars Rex Harrison and Audrey Hepburn. The story is about phonetics professor Henry Higgins. He wagers that he can turn flower girl Eliza Doolittle (Audrey Hepburn) into a proper English high society lady. The movie won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture,  Best Actor (Harrison), and Best Director.

Julie Andrews was the original Eliza in the stage musical. Audrey Hepburn was cast as the movie Eliza because studio head Jack Warner wanted "a star with a great deal of name recognition". Julie Andrews did not have any movie experience. He thought a movie with her would not be as successful as a movie with Hepburn. Andrews went on to star in Disney's Mary Poppins that same year. She won the Best Actress Academy Award over Hepburn.

References
References

1964 drama movies
1964 musical movies
American musical movies
American drama movies
Movies set in London
Movies set in the 1910s
Movies directed by George Cukor
Sugar Hill is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.  The city is in Gwinnett County and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.  Sugar Hill has a population of 25,076 according to the 2020 United States Census.  This makes it the fourth-largest city in Gwinnett County.

History
Sugar Hill was created by the State of Georgia's government in 1939, and when the Sugar Hill was created it was called the Town of Sugar Hill.  The town was renamed to the City of Sugar Hill in 1975.  Before Sugar Hill was a town, the area was part of a road that went from a railroad stop in Buford, Georgia to the city of Cumming, Georgia.  Sugar Hill was named when a large shipment of sugar spilled along the route, and people started calling the area "the hill where the sugar spilled" or "the sugar hill".

References

Gwinnett County, Georgia
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Spanglish is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama movie written, directed and co-produced by James L. Brooks. It stars Adam Sandler, Téa Leoni and Paz Vega.

Sandler plays chef John Clasky; Leoni plays his wife, Deborah. They are a rich white American couple who live in Los Angeles with their daughter, son and Deborah's mother. They employ Flor to be their housekeeper. She and her daughter are working-class illegal immigrants from Mexico who move in with the Claskys.

Related pages 
 Spanglish language

References

Other websites 
 

2004 comedy-drama movies
2004 romantic comedy movies
2004 romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
2000s English-language movies
Spanish-language movies
Keeping Up Appearances is a British sitcom by Roy Clarke. It was shown on BBC One from 1990 to 1995 and is set in the West Midlands. It stars Patricia Routledge as middle-aged, middle-class, English housewife Hyacinth Bucket, who has narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders and lives in a suburban house with her civil servant husband Richard. She insists that her surname is pronounced Bouquet. She is the eldest of four sisters. She has a gay son who lives away from home and is studying needlework at a polytechnic college. She is proud of her sister Violet, who is married to a rich but eccentric man. Hyacinth is embarrassed by her lazy sister Daisy, her lazy husband Onslow, her histrionic sister Rose and demented father, who are underclass and live in a nearby council house
. The sitcom is about Hyacinth's attempts to prove her superiority and high social status (and that of her husband and unseen son), her attempts of being accepted by the upper class and people of high position, and her trying to hide her underclass family.
References

Other websites 

1990 British television series debuts
1995 British television series endings
1990s British sitcoms
BBC television sitcoms
Histrionic personality disorder in fiction
Narcissism in fiction
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about marriage
Television series about sisters
English-language television programs
Gold farming is playing a massively multiplayer online game to get virtual currency that other players buy in exchange for actual money. Some people in China and other developing nations have had full-time jobs as gold farmers.

References

Online games
Norcross is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.  The city is in Gwinnett County. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.  The city had a population of 17,209 according to the 2020 United States Census.

References

Gwinnett County, Georgia
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
The Atlanta metropolitan area is an area around the city of Atlanta. The United States Office of Management and Budget calls the area the "Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area". It is also unofficially known as Metro Atlanta.  More people live in the Atlanta metropolitan area than any other metro area in Georgia. It is the ninth largest metro area in the United States.  The Atlanta metropolitan area includes 29 counties in north Georgia. The US Census Bureau estimated that 5,457,831 people lived in the Atlanta metropolitan area in 2012.

References

Metropolitan area
Metropolitan areas of the United States
Boyce Avenue is a band formed in Florida. They play pop rock music. They like to make their songs sound more melodical. The group is made up of three brothers. Their names are Alejandro, Fabian and Daniel Manzano. The group began in 2004. They are becoming more and more known by everyone. They chose to call the group Boyce Avenue because it is a combination of the two streets they have grown up on.  Boyce Avenue usually play music in Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America.

In 2007, they had decided to put their music on Youtube. Since this moment, they have filmed themselves playing songs that they made or songs that they like from some artists like Rihanna, Coldplay, Lifehouse and Bruno Mars. They also invite new artists like Hannah Trigwell to play as guests.
Almost of the songs that they play are acoustic. The singer, Alejandro, plays the guitar with his other brother Fabian. The oldest brother, Daniel, does all the percussion and sometimes, he plays the bass. Alejandro plays also the piano. Their first big show was in New York City in January of 2009. All tickets were sold. That is when they decided to have more shows all around the world.

They have two albums with only their songs on. The first one is called All You're Meant To Be. This was released in 2008. The second one is All We Have Left, made in 2010. All songs that are in those albums were written and produced by them. "Every Breath" is the first single of the second album, All We Have Left. This song also has a music video. The group has also five other albums. The songs in those albums are not their songs. It is many different songs from many other artists.

Albums 
 All You’re Meant to Be (2009)
 All We Have Left (2010)
 Road Less Traveled (2016)

References
References

Musical groups from Florida
American pop music groups
Sarasota, Florida
Musical groups established in 2004
2004 establishments in Florida
The Division of Fraser was an Australian Electoral Division in the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory. It was set up in 1974 when the Division of Australian Capital Territory was changed. It is named for Jim Fraser, who was member for Australian Capital Territory 1951-70. It includes the area north of the Molonglo River and Lake Burley Griffin, Belconnen, Gungahlin, and North Canberra. It also includes Jervis Bay Territory.

Members

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Fraser - Australian Electoral Commission
 Andrew Leigh's website

Former electoral divisions of Australia
1974 establishments in Australia
Mount Kelut is a volcano in Indonesia. It is in eastern Java.

Volcanoes of Indonesia
Vulcanization is a kind of chemical reaction between sulphur, or another agent, and natural rubber. It makes cross-links between the molecular chains in the rubber. The reaction is not reversible. Charles Goodyear discovered it in 1839.

The purpose of this is to harden the rubber so it does not melt or soften in warm temperatures. This hard rubber can keep its shape when it is used in applications where it might be warmed or cooled.

Chemical processes
Jerome "Jerry" Siegel (October 17, 1914 – January 28, 1996) was an American comic book writer and artist. He is known for creating Superman. He won many awards and was honored many times for his creation. 

Siegel was born on October 17, 1914 in Cleveland, Ohio to a Jewish family. Siegel studied at Greenville High School. Siegel was married to Joanne Siegel from 1948 until his death in 1996. They had one daughter, Laura. Siegel died from unknown causes in Los Angeles, California, aged 81.

References

Other websites

Mike's Amazing World of DC Comics: The DC Database - Jerry Siegel 
Jerry Siegel Attacks! Translation of Nazi SS article attacking Siegel and Superman

1914 births
1996 deaths
Jewish American writers
American comics writers
American comics artists
Writers from Cleveland
Unexplained deaths
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is the capital and the only settlement of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the South Atlantic Ocean. Locally it is always called "The Settlement".

Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is regarded as the most remote permanent settlement on Earth, being  from the nearest human settlement, on Saint Helena.

History
The first permanent settler was Jonathan Lambert, from Salem, Massachusetts, United States, who came to the islands in December 1810. He declared the islands his property and named them the Islands of Refreshment. Lambert's rule was short-lived, as he died in 1812.
The settlement was founded on the island of Tristan da Cunha in 1816 by a Corporal William Glass (with his South African wife and two children) after the UK annexed Tristan da Cunha. A military garrison was maintained on the islands as a guard against any French attempts to rescue Napoleon, imprisoned on  Saint Helena. The military garrison remained until the end of World War II.

It is named after Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria, in honour of his visit to the island in 1867, after which the Settlement was officially (but never locally!) known as Edinburgh of the Seven Seas.
It was damaged in a volcanic eruption near the Settlement in 1961 which forced the entire population to abandon the settlement and move to the UK. The eruption destroyed the settlement's crayfish factory. The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected. Most families returned in 1963.

After the return of most of the islanders in 1963, the Settlement was rebuilt. The harbour at Edinburgh was named Calshot Harbour, after the place in Hampshire where the islanders temporarily stayed.

Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is the only major settlement of Tristan da Cunha, and contains a small port, the Administrator's residence, and the post office. There is a school, St Mary's School, with five classrooms, a computer room and other facilities.

Climate
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas has a mild and humid oceanic climate, with moderate temperatures throughout the year.

Gallery
Gallery

References

Other websites
 DS World's Lands: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
 tripadvisor: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas

Tristan da Cunha
Harry Joseph Lennix III (born November 16, 1964) or Harry J. Lennix is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Terrence "Dresser" Williams in The Five Heartbeats and as Boyd Langton in the television series Dollhouse. He played General Swanwick in the 2013 movie Man of Steel, its 2016 follow-up movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, and the 2021 movie Zack Snyder's Justice League, which reveals that Swanwick was actually the Martian Manhunter.

Lennix was born on November 16, 1964 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Quigley Preparatory Seminary South and at Northwestern University.

References

Other websites
 
 

Satellite Award winners
1964 births
Living people
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Chicago
Pannotia (also called Greater Gondwanaland or the Vendian supercontinent) is a Neoproterozoic supercontinent. It may have existed during the Ediacaran period (~600 mya), to the end of the Precambrian (about 541 mya). After that, it split into smaller continents. The small ones were Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica, with the main landmass Gondwana south of them.

Lifespan 
About 750 million years ago the older supercontinent Rodinia split apart into three continents. These were earlier forms of Laurasia and Gondwana, and the continental craton of Congo. About 600 milion years ago, they formed Pannotia.

Pannotia did not last for long. The collisions that formed Pannotia were brief collisions, and the continents making up Pannotia already had active rifting. By about 550 million years ago, Pannotia separated into four continents. This means it only lasted for about 50 million years. Later the four landmasses would combine again to form the next supercontinent, Pangaea.
Related pages 
 Plate tectonics 
 Rodinia
 Pangaea

References

Other websites

 An image showing Pannotia according to Christopher Scotese. (it is referred to as the late Precambrian Supercontinent in the image).
 
 

Supercontinents
Neoproterozoic
The e-Reader is a device made by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance video game console. It is an add-on device which attaches to the Game Boy Advance. It was released in Japan in December 2001 and in North America in September 2002. It is used to read "e-Reader cards," which are paper cards with video game data on it. To use an e-Reader card, the player swipes the card into the e-Reader's slot. e-Reader cards that were released include:

NES games
New levels and power-ups for Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3
New items and designs for Animal Crossing
New trainers that can be battled in Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire
Minigames, including Mario Party ones
Game & Watch games

The e-Reader was successful in Japan, with many e-Reader cards being released in only in Japan. It was not as successful in North America, where it stopped being made in 2004.

Nintendo hardware
The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical movie. It was directed by Robert Wise. It stars Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. The movie is based on the Broadway musical The Sound of Music. The songs were written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. The musical was based on the book The Story of the Trapp Family Singers by Maria von Trapp. The movie is about a young woman who leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the seven children of a naval officer widower. The Sound of Music contains several popular songs, including "Edelweiss", "My Favorite Things", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain", "Do-Re-Mi", "Sixteen Going on Seventeen", and the title song, "The Sound of Music".
The Sound of Music was shot on location in Salzburg, Austria; the state of Bavaria in Germany; and at the 20th Century Fox studios in California, USA. The movie won five Academy Awards including Best Picture. It displaced Gone with the Wind as the highest-grossing film of all-time. The cast album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress selected the movie for preservation in the National Film Registry as it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

References

1965 drama movies
1960s musical movies
20th Century Fox movies
American biographical movies
American family movies
American musical comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
1960s historical movies
Movies about families
Movies about weddings
Movies based on plays
Movies set in the 1930s
World War II movies
Movies set in Austria
Camelot is a musical. Alan Jay Lerner wrote the book and lyrics. Frederick Loewe wrote the music. The musical is based on T. H. White's novel, The Once and Future King. It tells the story of King Arthur and his knights in Camelot. 

The original 1960 production was directed by Moss Hart. It ran on Broadway for 873 performances. It starred Julie Andrews, Robert Goulet, and Richard Burton. 

The original production was followed by several revivals and foreign shows. In 1967, a movie version starring Richard Harris, Franco Nero, and Vanessa Redgrave was released. The original cast album was America's top-selling LP for 60 weeks. The musical has become associated with John F. Kennedy's Presidential Administration.

Broadway musicals
1960s musicals
Musicals based on books

1960 works
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a telescope that was launched on 25 December 2021.  It is a replacement for the Hubble Space Telescope which was launched in 1990. 

The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was a director at NASA and created the Apollo program that put astronauts on the moon.
It has a main mirror that is  wide. This is 6 times larger in area than Hubble. It is so large that it is made in 18 pieces that fold together during the launch, so that it can fit into a rocket. It is mainly an infrared telescope but also works in the red part of the visible light (the pictures will be coded with false color so we can see them). It is plated with gold because gold reflects infrared very well. It is able to see things that the Hubble Space Telescope cannot. Infrared vision can be used to see heat radiation (like some kinds of night vision goggles), so the telescope itself must be kept as cool as possible. It is protected by a large sunshield the size of a tennis court to keep it cool and dark.

NASA released the first image from JWST on 11 July 2022, the oldest and highest resolution image of the Universe.

Orbit
Orbit

The JWST is in orbit far from Earth, to avoid heat radiating from the Earth and moon. This special orbit is beyond the moon, at the second Lagrange point (L2) of the Sun-Earth system, a place of stable gravity. This orbit is  from Earth, about four times farther away from us than the moon.  This keeps it in the Earth's shadow most of the time; it does not actually go around the Earth, but goes around the sun at the same speed as the Earth.

References

Space telescopes
December 2021 events
Does This Look Infected? is the second studio album by Canadian punk rock band, Sum 41. Does This Look Infected? was released on November 26, 2002. It's more heavy and less poppy than "All Killer, No Filler.

The album featured the singles "Still Waiting", "The Hell Song" and "Over My Head (Better Off Dead)". It is the only Sum 41 album that has a parental advisory sticker on it. Drummer Steve Jocz is featured on the cover dressed as a zombie. The band said on the DVD Sake Bombs And Happy Endings that the song title "A.N.I.C." stood for Anna Nicole is a Cunt. The band stopped including the song in their live performances after Smith died.

Songs

References

2002 albums
Punk albums
Sum 41 albums
Underclass Hero is the fourth studio album by Canadian punk rock band, Sum 41. Underclass Hero was released on July 18, 2007, in Japan, July 23, 2007, in Canada and Europe and on July 24, 2007, in the United States.

The album featured the self-titled single "Underclass Hero", "Walking Disaster" and "With Me".

The album was the first that did not feature guitarist Dave Baksh who left the band On May 11, 2006, because of personal reasons. The album received mixed to negative reviews but also received success on the Canadian and on the United States album charts where it reached #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart and also at #7 on the U.S. Billboard 200.

The album was certified in both Canada and Japan where it sold 100,000 Units+ in Japan and 50,000 Units+ in Canada.

Songs

References

2007 albums
Pop punk albums
Sum 41 albums
Island Records albums
Rock albums
Screaming Bloody Murder is the fifth studio album by Canadian punk rock band, Sum 41. Screaming Bloody Murder was released on March 25, 2011.

The album featured the self-titled single "Screaming Bloody Murder", "Baby, You Don't Wanna Know" and "Blood in My Eyes". "Blood in My Eyes" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.

It was the last album to feature original drummer, Steve Jocz as he left the band on April 18, 2013. The album received mixed to positive reviews. Grace Duffy of Under The Gun said:
"Screaming Bloody Murder” takes things up a notch, with a forceful and cutting rhythm and vocals to match. The undercurrent of rage and disillusionment is one that echoes throughout the record, and the band capture it well here."

Songs
All songs written and composed by Deryck Whibley, except where noted.

References

Other websites

2011 albums
Sum 41 albums
Punk albums
Lagrange points are stable positions near large bodies in orbit. When two large bodies are in orbit around each other, there are places that a third body can occupy. Lagrange points are found in the orbits of Earth and the Sun, or the Moon and the Earth. The most well-known natural occupants of Lagrange points are Trojan asteroids.

The points are five places where a small object (such as a man-made satellite) can orbit. At those points, the gravitational forces of the two large bodies and forces due to motion all balance up. So, at those places, a small object keeps more or less in a stable position. Dust clouds, asteroids, and man-made satellites are found in those points.

This effect is named after the mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who wrote a paper on this in 1772 (long before we put satellites into orbit).
The five places are called L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5.  The first three (L1, L2, L3) are called metastable because if a satellite gets a bit out of place, it will fall away from that point, and not come back without using fuel.  L4 and L5 are considered stable - if a satellite gets a bit out of place, it will be pulled back into place by the gravity and centripetal forces, and oscillate around the Lagrange point. This can result in very wide swings around L4 and L5, sometimes called by such names as "tadpole" and "horseshoe" orbits.

NASA has inserted satellites into two Lagrange points of the Sun-Earth system. The L1 point (between the Earth and the sun) is used for satellites in a halo orbit to watch the sun, looking for solar flares. The L2 point (beyond the Earth) is used for space telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope launched on 25 December 2021.  It is a million miles (about 1.5 million kilometers) from Earth.
Because L4 and L5 are stable, they have attracted dust clouds. The Earth-Sun system has attracted a few asteroids and the bigger planets have more and larger ones. These asteroids are called Trojan asteroids.

References

Solar System
Satellites
Celestial mechanics
Chur  or  Coire is the capital city of the canton of Graubünden (also called Grisons). About 34.000 people live in the city, which is probably the oldest in Switzerland. The city is on the Rhine River.

The name "chur" may come from the Celtic word kora or koria, meaning "tribe", or from the Latin curia

Archaeological evidence that people lived here goes back as far as the Pfyn culture (3900-3500 BC), Various artefacts from the Bronze Age and Iron Age have been found in the city. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur was created in  the 4th century. It was probably the first Roman Catholic diocese to be created north of the Alps.

On 1 January 2020, the municipality Maladers became part of Chur.

References

Other websites 

City of Chur – official website 
Chur tourism office
Chur on Graubünden Holidays, Switzerland; official Graubünden tourism office - English

Municipalities in Plessur
Capital cities in Switzerland
4th millennium BC
The Chaldean Rite, or East Syrian Rite is a rite that is practiced by the Church of the East and its modern descendants, the Assyrian Church of the East, the Ancient Church of the East, the Chaldean Catholic Church, and the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church.  The Chaldean Catholic Church and the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church are in full communion with the Holy See. Thomas the Apostle established Christianity in Mesopotamia, Assyria, and Persia, when he travelled to India. The First Council of Ephesus in 431, said that the ideas and teachings of Nestorius were false. These teachings are commonly known as Nestorianism. The Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon did not share this opinion, and split from the other churches. The church was very successful, and quickly spread. The conquest of Tamerlane in the 15th century,  almost destroyed the church, and reduced itto a few communities. Differences in opinion resulted in the current situation. Two of the four churches are in full communion with the Holy See
. All the churches commonly use the Syriac language for their texts.
Derek McLane (born June 14, 1958, in London) is an American set designer for Broadway plays. He did a Master of Fine Arts at Yale School of Drama in Set and Costume Design. He also graduated from Harvard University. He designed many Broadway shows in the last decade, including The Heiress, 33 Variations, Macbeth, Follies, Anything Goes, and Ragtime.

References

1958 births
Living people
Set designers
Harvard University alumni
Yale University alumni
Stangmore Park is a football ground in Dungannon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is the home ground of Dungannon Swifts and Warrenpoint Town. The stadium holds 5,000 people. It has 600 seats.

Sources

Football stadiums in Northern Ireland
Amblyopia, more commonly called lazy eye, is a condition that affects the eye. In this condition, a nerve pathway leading from one eye to the brain does not develop correctly, leading to poor vision. As a result, blurred images are sent to the brain.

Vision
Diseases and disorders of the eye
is a Japanese pop singer-songwriter and actress. She is nicknamed the "Eternal idol" by the Japanese media for her popularity in the 1980s and her long career. She is the mother of Sayaka Kanda.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Notes

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Official website in English
 

1962 births
Singers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Actors from Fukuoka Prefecture
Living people
was a Japanese actress and singer. She was the daughter of J-pop star Seiko Matsuda and actor Masaki Kanda.

Career
In 1999, while a student at a Japanese school in Los Angeles, she appeared in Bean Cake. The short film won the Palme d'Or du court métrage at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. In 2005, she released a DVD called Dolls.

She made her Kōhaku Uta Gassen debut in the 62nd Kōhaku Uta Gassen (12/31/2011) singing Ue wo muite arukō with her mother, Seiko Matsuda.

Death
Kanda died after jumping from the fourteenth floor of her hotel room in Sapporo, Japan on December 18, 2021. She was 35 years old.

Discography

Singles
 "Ever Since" (2002)
 "Garden" (2003)
 "Mizu Iro" (2004)
 "Jougen no Tsuki" (2005)

Albums
 Doll (2005)
 Liberty (2011)

Filmography
 Bean Cake (2001)
 Dragon Head (2003)
 School Wars: Hero (2004)
 HEY JAPANESE! Do you believe PEACE, LOVE and UNDERSTANDING? (2007)
 Farewell, Kamen Rider Den-O: Final Countdown (2008)
 Amazing Grace (2010)
 Geki×Cine Bara to Samurai(2011)

References
References

Other websites 
 White Parasol 
 

1986 births
2021 deaths
Singers from Tokyo
Actors from Tokyo
Suicides by jumping
Japanese voice actors
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Gabriele Susanne Kerner (born 24 March 1960), better known by her stage name Nena, is a German singer and actress. She is best known for the New German Wave song "99 Luftballons". In 1984, she re-recorded this song in English as "99 Red Balloons".

References

Other websites

 Official Web Site 
 

1960 births
Living people
German pop singers
German rock musicians
Musicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
New wave singers
Eros Luciano Walter Ramazzotti  (born October 28, 1963), known simply as Eros Ramazzotti, is an Italian pop singer and musician. Ramazzotti is popular in Europe and the Spanish-speaking world. He has released most of his albums in both Italian and Spanish.

Discography

 Cuori agitati (Troubled Hearts) (1985)
 Nuovi eroi (New Heroes) (1986)
 In certi momenti (At Certain Times) (1987)
 Musica è (Music Is) (1988)
 In ogni senso (In Every Sense) (1990)
 Tutte storie (All Stories) (1993)
 Dove c'è musica  (Where Music Is) (1996)
 Stilelibero  (Freestyle) (2000)
 9 (2003)
 Calma apparente (Apparent Calm) (2005)
 Ali e radici (Wings and Roots) (2009)
 Noi (We) (2012)

References

1963 births
Living people
Entertainers from Rome
Italian singer-songwriters
Flash Forward was the first Disney Channel original TV series. It was produced in Canada by Global Television. The show was meant for pre-teens and teenagers. It was on the Disney Channel from 1995-1997.

The show is about two best friends, Tucker and Rebecca, and their neighbors. They are in the eight grade. The show was produced by Atlantic Films. The show had 26 episodes and only one season.

Characters 
Tucker "Tuck" James is played by Ben Foster
Rebecca "Becca" Fisher is played by Jewel Staite
Miles Vaughn is played by Theodore Borders
Christine "Chris" Harrison is played by Asia Vieira
Horace James is played by Ricky Mabe
Ellen Fisher is played by Rachel Blanchard (ep 1-4) and Robin Brûlé

Other websites 
 
 

Animated television series
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
1995 television series debuts
1997 television series endings
Bug Juice is a Disney Channel reality series. It was on the channel from February 28, 1998 – October 15, 2001. The show is centered around 20 kids and their experiences at a summer camp. The kids are seen working hard in their activities and building friendships. The phrase "bug juice" is a camping slang word for a very sweet juice drink made from powdered mixes, such as Kool-Aid. This is often served at summer camps.

After the show ended, Bug Juice did not appear on Disney Channel until the summer of 2004. The first season was shown and the last episode aired on August 20, 2004. This was the last time it was on Disney Channel. During the summer of 2006, Disney began adding mini episodes of Bug Juice on its website. The mini episodes were only five minute clips from the first season. Bug Juice was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4's The Bigger Breakfast.

Season One 
The first season took place in Waterford, Maine at Camp Waziyatah. They have been open since 1922.
Episodes 
 "Camp Waziyatah"
 "Getting to Know You"
 "To Clique...or Not to Clique"
 "Adventure Bound: Bushwack"
 "Molecules Colliding"
 "Boys-to-Men Talent Show"
 "Unity Campfire"
 "Aftershocks"
 "No Pain, No Gain"
 "Nice Guys Finish Last"
 "Goodbye, Session One"
 "Ch, Ch, Changes"
 "Session 2"
 "Turn, Turn, Turn"
 "When the Boys Go Away, Girls Will Play"
 "We Shall Overcome"
 "Flirting with Disaster: Co-Ed Canoe Trip"
 "The Last Hurrah"
 "So Long, Farewell"
 "Scrapbook"

Season Two 
The second season took place in Horse Shoe, North Carolina at Camp Highlander.
Episodes 
 "Your Adventure Starts Here"
 "You Never Know Until You Try"
 "Odd Man Out"
 "You Get What You Give"
 "Brits, Fights, & Videotape"
 "Old Friends & New Friends"
 "I'm Gonna Walk Those Fears Right Outta My Head"
 "First Farewells"
 "Bringing on the New Recruits"
 "The Dance of Love"
 "Climbing Toward Acceptance"
 "Outside Looking In"
 "You Don't Have to be a Star to Shine"
 "July Goodbye"
 "New Kids on the Bus"
 "Discovering Your Inner Camper"
 "Countdown Begins"
 "War Breaks at Highlander"
 "And the Winner Is..."
 "See Ya, Highlander"

Season Three 
The third season took place in Tererro, New Mexico at Brush Ranch Camp.

Episodes 
 "Welcome to Brush Ranch Camp"
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 "Choices and Consequences"
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 "Gettin' Dirty"
 "End of Brush Ranch"

Other websites 
 Camp Waziyatah - Location for season one
Reality television series
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
1998 television series debuts
2001 television series endings
The Famous Jett Jackson is a Canadian and American Disney Channel TV series. It is a coming-of-age television show for children between the ages of 12-16. The show is about a guy named Jett Jackson (Lee Thompson Young). He plays a teenage secret agent on a fictional TV show called Silverstone. 

The show was on the Disney Channel from October 25, 1998 – June 22, 2001. It was removed from the channel in June 2004. It once aired on ABC Family. The show was also seen again on Disney XD in 2009. The Jett Jackson: The Movie aired on Disney Channel in 2001.

Cast

Main 
 Lee Thompson Young as Jett Jackson/Silverstone
 Ryan Sommers Baum as J.B. Halliburton
 Kerry Duff as Kayla West
 Gordon Greene as Woodrick Jackson
 Montrose Hagins as Miz Coretta
 Melanie Nicholls-King as Jules Jackson

Other 
 Jeffrey Douglas as Cubby
 Lindy Booth as Riley Grant/Hawk
 Nigel Shawn Williams as Nigel Essex/Artemus
Awards and nominations 
The show The Famous Jett Jackson and its young cast were nominated for Young Artist Awards, presented by the nonprofit Young Artist Foundation, in several categories in the course of the show's run:

References

Other websites 
 
 

1998 television series debuts
Television series by Disney
2001 television series endings
1998 establishments in the United States
1998 establishments in Canada
2001 disestablishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in Canada
The Jersey is a television show. It was produced by the Disney Channel. The show based on the Monday Night Football Club books by Gordon Korman.

Production on the show ended in April 2001. However, new episodes were shown until 2004. The last few episodes aired early Saturday mornings. After 64 episodes were shown, The Jersey was removed in June 2004. The show was on the Disney Channel from January 30, 1999 – March 23, 2004.
About the show 
The Jersey is about four teenagers who discover the magic of "the jersey". The Jersey is a mysterious football jersey. It can transport them into the bodies of professional athletes. In each episode, a different athlete is shown. The show has several sports superstars as guest actors including, Dan Lyle, Michael Andretti, Terrell Davis, David Robinson, Malik Rose, Tony Gonzalez, Shannon Sharpe, Donovan McNabb, Byron Dafoe, Michael Strahan, Kurt Warner, Stephon Marbury, Sergei Fedorov, Kordell Stewart, Jerome Bettis, Junior Seau, Scott Steiner, Eddie George, Sabrina Bryan, Randy Johnson, Tony Hawk, Laila Ali, Peyton Manning, and Danny Farmer.

Cast
 Michael Galeota as Nick Lighter
 Courtnee Draper as Morgan Hudson
 Jermaine Williams as Coleman Galloway
 Brianne Prather as Hilary Lighter
 Cheselka Leigh as Willa Conklin
 Theo Greenly as Elliot Rifkin
 Anna Newman as Mrs. Lighter
 Meagan Good as Tamika
 Vance Yudell as Phill Parker

Other websites
1999 American television series debuts
Television series by Disney
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Totally Circus is a 30-minute children's reality show. It was on the Disney Channel from June 16, 2000. The show ended on September 24, 2000. It is similar to Bug Juice, another Disney Channel show.

Episodes
Season 1
 "Tryouts!" - 6/16/2000  
 "Totally Tired Troupers!" - 6/18/2000
 "Totally Anxious!" - 6/25/2000  
 "Totally Strict!" - 7/2/2000  
 "Totally Terrifying NEW Acts!" - 7/9/2000  
 "Totally Hot Temperatures!" - 7/23/2000 
 "Total Rain, Total Pain!" - 8/6/2000 
 "Totally Jealous!" - 8/13/2000
 "Totally Uplifting!" - 8/20/2000  
 "Totally Backward!" - 8/27/2000
 "Totally Joking!" - 9/3/2000
 "Totally Tired!" 9/10/2000
 "Totally Too Short Summer!" 9/17/2000 
 "Totally Cheerful, Totally Tearful!" 9/24/2000

Other websites
 
 

2000 television series debuts
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
In a Heartbeat was a Disney Channel TV show. The show was inspired by real life emergency medical technician (EMT) squads. Their staff members were high school students from all over the United States. The show followed the lives of several teenagers. They volunteered as part-time EMTs while going to school. They also try to maintain their lives as normal teenagers. In Canada, the show was on the Family Channel. The show is based on Post 53. Post 53 is a real EMT emergency response program run by high school students in Darien, Connecticut.

Cast

Main
 Danso Gordon as Hank Beecham
 Reagan Pasternak as Val Lanier
 Shawn Ashmore as Tyler Connell
 Christopher Ralph as Jamie Waite
 Lauren Collins as Brooke Lanier
 Jackie Rosenbaum as Caitie Roth

Episodes

Season 1

Other websites 
 
 

2000 television series debuts
Television series by Disney
Totally Hoops is a Disney Channel reality show. The show is about the experiences of eleven teenage girls. They were on the Dayton, Ohio Lady Hoopstars. They were a 14-and-under AAU basketball team, throughout the year 2000.

The Hoopstars
 5  - Maria Getty: 5'8" guard, age 13
 11 - Lauren Bahun: 5'8" guard, age 14
 12 - Shelby Georges: 5'7" guard, age 13,
 13 - Alisha Grusz: 5'9" forward, age 13
 20 - Michele DeVault: 5'10" center, age 14
 22 - Aisha Jefferson: 5'8" forward, age 13
 23 - Ashley Burtsfield: 5'8" guard, age 13
 24 - Kristen Shenk: 5'9" guard, age 14
 25 - Lindsey Goldsberry: 5'8" guard, age 13
 32 - Ashley Brown: 5'10" forward, age 13
 45 - Tiffany Williams: 6'0" center, age 13
 Coach: Steve Douglas

Episodes

Other websites
 
 

2001 American television series debuts
Television series by Disney
2001 American television series endings
English-language television programs
The Proud Family is an Canadian/French animated television series. It was on the Disney Channel from September 15, 2001 to November 26, 2005 And Co-produced By Disney Channel Original Productions (Uncredited) Nelvana Limited Medialab Studio LA (Season 1-2) and Jambalaya Studios In Association With Treehouse TV and The Walt Disney Company

Production 
The Proud Family was created by Bruce W. Smith. It was produced by Canadian Studio Nelvana Limited. It was originally scripted for the Nickelodeon channel. However, Disney Channel took it and began airing in September 2001. Some of the episodes in later seasons were produced using Adobe Flash.

The show became the first Disney animated show which did not premiere on a network/over-the-air television. This had been done since 1985 when the Television Animation unit was started.
Voice cast 
Kyla Pratt - Penny Proud. Penny is the main protagonist of the show. She is 14 years old. She is usually embarrassed by the way her father, Oscar, acts. She likes hanging out with her friends. However, they have gotten her into trouble. She obeys her parents. She also gets into bad situations because of peer pressure. Penny is a feminist and a talented singer. She does well in school and often gets straight A's. She is on the football team and part of the newspaper staff at her school.
Tommy Davidson - Oscar Proud. Oscar is very protective of his daughter Penny and his other children. He is the son of Suga Mama. Oscar is hyperactive and immature. However, he is very smart. Oscar owns his own snack food business called Proud Snacks. The flavors he chose are not popular.
Paula Jai Parker - Trudy Proud (née Parker). Trudy is a veterinarian. She is the mother of Penny, BeBe and CeCe. She comes from a wealthy family. Her father is a doctor and her sister Diana is a famous actress. She gives Penny advice. Trudy is married to Oscar.
Jo Marie Payton - Suga Mama Proud. Suga Mama is the grandmother of Penny, Bebe and CeCe. She is "hip" and loves wrestling. She is the mother of Oscar and Bobby. She is the mother-in-law of Trudy. She is very nice but sassy. She is known for teasing Oscar, who she often beats up. However, she loves him and does not show it all the time.
Other voice actors 
 Karen Malina White - Dijonay Jones
 Soleil Moon Frye - Zoey Howzer
 Alisa Reyes - LaCienega Boulevardez
 Orlando Brown - Sticky Webb
 Cedric the Entertainer - Bobby Proud
 Phil LaMarr - Michael Collins
 Raquel Lee - Nubia Gross
 Kevin Michael Richardson - Dr. Payne / Omar
 Cree Summer - Peabo
 Aries Spears - Wizard Kelly
 Ron Glass - Smart Baby/Red-Nosed Baby

Co-starring 
 Carlos Mencia - Felix Boulevardez
 María Canals - Sunset Boulevardez
 Alvaro Gutierrez - Papi Boulevardez
 Aries Spears - Lil' Wiz
Notable guest stars
 Al Roker — A Faustian man who grants wishes at a horrible price.
 Angel Joseph (Samuel L. Jackson) - A homeless man who was formerly a construction worker.
 Angel Margaret (Vivica A. Fox) - Joseph's wife.
 Angel Stephanie (Raven-Symoné) - Joseph and Margaret's daughter.
 Randi (Ashanti) - Wizingdale's Department manager.
 Boonnetta Proud (Mo'Nique) — Oscar's crazy cousin.
 Carlos (Kel Mitchell) - Asks Penny on a date.
 Chanel Parker (Solange Knowles) - Trudy's niece.
 Chester the Duck (Frank Welker) — A duck Penny found.
 The Credit Card (Steve Harvey) - Penny's credit card.
 Debra Williams (Vanessa L. Williams) — Friend of Oscar and Trudy (the latter's college roommate) and the woman in the Thingy costume.
 Diana Parker (Sheryl Lee Ralph) — Trudy's sister who is a Broadway star.
 "Fifteen (15) Cent" (Omarion) — A young rapper with a crush on Penny. He is a loose parody of 50 Cent.
 Garrett Krebs (Ving Rhames) - The antagonist of the Halloween episode "A Hero for Halloween".
Johnny McBride (Shia LaBeouf) - A classmate in Penny's algebra class; an obnoxious paraplegic who has a crush on Penny.
 Leslie Parker (Wendy Raquel Robinson) — Trudy's sister-in-law.
 Lisa Raye (LisaRaye McCoy) — A dance instructor for 15 Cent's video.
 Lou Rawls (Lou Rawls) - Voices himself in Penny's dream sequence and singing "You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine".
 Mariah Carey — Trudy's client.
 Mrs. Maureen Parker (Cicely Tyson) — Trudy's mother.
 Mega (Ray J) — A boy who runs a website where kids download songs for free.
 Ray Ray Proud, Sr. (Anthony Anderson) — Oscar's crazy cousin.
 Ray Ray Proud, Jr. (Jamal Mixon) —  the son of Ray Ray Proud, Sr.
 Reuben Parker (David Alan Grier) — Trudy's rich brother.
 Sista Spice (Jenifer Lewis) — Suga Mama's sister.
 Sunny Stevens/Iesha (Gabrielle Union) - The teen star of Penny and her friends' favorite show, Iesha.
Teen Bebe and Cece (Lee Thompson Young and Sicily Sewell) - The teen forms of Bebe and Cece who appear when Penny wishes that they were older so she doesn't have to babysit them.
 Dr. Vincent Parker (Robert Guillaume) — Trudy's father.
 Juicy's Spoken Word Contest Host (Mos Def)