Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Geshe Acharya Thubten Loden leads the Tibetan Buddhist Society in Australia. Geshe Loden established the Peaceful Land of Joy Meditation Centre in Victoria, and has written many books. In 2011, he was named Hume Citizen of the Year.

History
Born in 1924, Geshe Loden became a monk at the age of seven. Completing his study of all divisions of Buddhist philosophy, he was awarded the Geshe Lharampa degree from Sera Monastery in Tibet, and an Acharya degree from Varanasi's Sanskrit university in India. He also gained a Master's qualification in Vajrayana Buddhism after six years' study at Gyudmed Tantric College. Geshe Loden originally came to Australia in 1976 as a Tibetan refugee.

Books
Geshe Loden has written many books on Tibetan Buddhism, including:

Great Treasury of Mahamudra (2009)
Essence of the Path to Enlightenment (1997)
Meditations on the Path to Enlightenment (1996)
The Fundamental Potential for Enlightenment (1996)
Path to Enlightenment in Tibetan Buddhism (1993)
Related pages
Dalai Lama
Gelug
Lam rim

References

Other websites
Tibetan Buddhist Society 
Tushita Publications 
Pursuit of happiness leads to Yuroke 

Tibetan Buddhist lamas
People from Victoria (Australia)
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
The FPMT (Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition) is a group of Buddhist centers focusing on the Gelugpa tradition of Tibet. Founded in 1975 by Lama Thubten Yeshe and Lama Thubten Zopa Rinpoche, who began teaching Buddhism to Western students in Nepal, the FPMT has grown to encompass 150 teaching centers, projects, and social services in 33 countries. Since the death of Lama Yeshe in 1984, the FPMT's spiritual director has been Lama Zopa Rinpoche.

Related pages
Dalai Lama
Lam rim

Tibetan Buddhism
Gerhard Tremmel (born 16 November 1978 in Munich) is a German football goalkeeper. He plays for Swansea City in the Premier League.

Career
He played in the youth teams of Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich and was transferred to SpVgg Unterhaching where he made his senior debut. He left Bavaria in 2002 and played for Hannover 96, Hertha BSC Berlin (1st and 2nd team) and for Energie Cottbus. After four seasons with Cottbus he intended to go back to Berlin, but finally he signed one year for FC Red Bull Salzburg to replace the injured goalkeeper Eddie Gustafsson. He only got 13 goals in the 2010/11 season, this made him to the best goalkeeper in the Austrian Bundesliga.

In 2011 he went to Swansea City which plays in the Premier League.

Other websites

Official Website(German)
Club profile(german)

1978 births
Living people
German association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Munich
Macropodiformes is one of the three suborders of the large marsupial order Diprotodontia. Kangaroos, wallabies and allies, bettongs, potaroos and rat kangaroos are all in this suborder.

References 

 
Marsupials of Australia
Smoke is an American independent movie released in 1995. It was produced by Hisami Kuroiwa, Harvey Weinstein and Bob Weinstein. It was directed by Wayne Wang and Paul Auster. Auster also wrote the screenplay.

Actors
Harvey Keitel, Snoop Dogg, William Hurt, Victor Argo, Forest Whitaker, Ashley Judd, Stockard Channing and Harold Perrineau Jr. all appear in the movie.

Story
The movie follows the lives of several characters. Their lives are connected because they are all customers at a small tobacco shop in  Brooklyn, New York. The store manager is the main character, Auggie (Harvey Keitel). In the movie, the Brooklyn Cigar Co. was on the corner of 16th Street and Prospect Park West.

Sequel
Blue in the Face was the next movie by the same directors. It follows the lives of some of the same characters and new characters join the story.
Awards
Won
 Silver Bear (Wayne Wang) Berlin International Film Festival, 1995
 Danish Film Critics Bodil Award for Best American Film, 1995
 German Film Award for Best Foreign Film, 1995
 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay (Paul Auster), 1995

Nominated
Stockard Channing – Best Supporting Actress – Screen Actors Guild

Other websites
 

1995 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Wayne Wang
Movies about smoking
A yew is a coniferous tree. The name is mainly used for species of the genus Taxus, and sometimes for other conifers in the family Taxaceae.

Poison 
All species of yew contain highly poisonous alkaloids known as taxanes. All parts of the tree except the arils (red 'fruits') contain the alkaloid. 

The arils are edible and sweet, but the seeds are dangerously poisonous. Unlike birds, the human stomach can break down the seed coat and release the taxanes into the body. It can have fatal results if yew 'berries' are eaten without removing the seeds first. 

The seeds and leaves will kill cattle and horses, but deer can break down the poisons and will eat yew foliage freely. Deer browsing of yews is often so extensive that wild yew trees are restricted to cliffs and steep slopes the deer cannot get to. The foliage is also eaten by the larvae of some Lepidopteran insects including the willow beauty moth.
Description 
Yews are slow growing and can be very long-lived, and reach heights of 1-40 m, with trunk diameters of up to 4 m. They have reddish bark, spear-shaped flat, dark-green leaves 1-4 cm long and 2-3 mm broad, arranged spirally on the stem, but with the leaf bases twisted to align the leaves in two flat rows either side of the stem.

The tree is dioecious: the sexes are on separate trees. The seed cones are highly modified, each cone containing a single seed 4-7 mm long partly surrounded by a modified scale which develops into a soft, bright red berry-like structure called an aril, 8-15 mm long and wide and open at the end. 

The arils are mature 6-9 months after pollination, and are eaten by thrushes, waxwings and other birds, which disperse the hard seeds undamaged in their droppings. 

The male cones are round, 3-6 mm diameter, and shed their pollen in early spring. Yews are mostly dioecious, but occasional individuals can be variably monoecious, or change sex with time.
All the yews are very closely related to each other, and often described together as Taxus baccata. They are Gymnosperms in the Pinophyta. They appear in the early Cretaceous  period.

Yew wood is reddish brown (with whiter sapwood), and is very springy. It was traditionally used to make bows, especially the longbow.

Conifers
Plant families
Wichita Falls is a city in Wichita Couty, Texas, United States. The population of Wichita Falls was 107,000 in 2006. The mayors of Wichita Falls are Glenn Barham, Linda Ammons, Michael Smith, Dorothy Roberts Burns, Rick Hatcher, Tim Ingle and Mary Ward. Wichita Falls was founded on Sept. 27, 1872 when the Choctaw Indians settled the area in the early 18th century and then white settlers arrived in the 1860s to form cattle ranches.

References

Other websites
Official city of Wichita Falls website

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Texas
Diastole () is the time during a heart beat when the heart fills with blood after a contraction. The contraction of the heart is called systole and is the opposite of diastole. The term diastole comes from the Greek word διαστολη. This means expanding or opening.

Inside the heart
There are two types of diastole. 
Ventricular diastole is the time when the two lower chambers of the heart called the ventricles are relaxing to let the blood to flow in. 
Atrial diastole is the time when the two upper chambers of the heart called the atria are relaxing to allow the blood to flow in. 

During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the (left and right) ventricles drops. When the pressure in the left ventricle becomes lower than the pressure in the left atrium, the mitral valve opens. The blood then flows from the atrium into the ventricle. The speed at which the blood flows into the ventricles can be used to diagnose diastolic dysfunction.
Diastolic pressure
Because the heart relaxes during diastole, "diastolic pressure" is the lowest pressure within the arterial blood stream during each heart beat. The highest arterial pressure happens when the heart muscle contracts, and is called systolic pressure.

When blood pressure is measured for medical purposes, diastolic pressure is the second number in the "ratio" of systolic to diastolic pressure; for example: 120/80.

Related pages
Systole (medicine)
Blood pressure
Wiggers diagram

References

Other websites
 Auscultation of Diastolic Murmurs 
 Audio Examples of Heart and Lung Sounds 
Cardiology
Blood pressure
Anatomy of the cardiovascular system
Systole is the last stage of a heart beat. It happens right after diastole, when the heart refills with blood. During systole, the heart's two ventricles contract (squeeze).  (The ventricles are the largest parts of the heart, which pump blood to the body and lungs.) 

During systole, the heart muscle gets an automatic electrical signal that tells the heart to contract (squeeze). This makes the blood flow out of the heart.

Phases 
Above the ventricles are smaller chambers (sections) of the heart called atria. They contract (squeeze) during the last part of diastole, and send blood down to the larger, lower ventricles. The atria have valves that close after this so blood cannot flow backward into the atria.  

When the ventricles are filled and the valves to the atria are closed, the ventricles contract. So, the atria and ventricles contract in sequence. The left and right atria feed blood into the ventricles. Then, the left and right ventricles contract.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body.  This is why we have a pulse.

Systolic pressure 
Because the heart muscle contracts during systole, "systolic pressure" is the highest pressure in the arterial blood stream during each heart beat. (Blood causes the most pressure against the walls of the arteries when it is being pushed out during systole). The lowest arterial pressure happens when the heart muscle relaxes, and is called "diastolic pressure".

When blood pressure is measured for medical purposes, systolic pressure is the first number in the "ratio" of systolic to diastolic pressure.  For example, if a person's blood pressure is 120/80, 120 is the systolic pressure, and 80 is the diastolic pressure.

Related pages 
 Diastole
 Blood pressure
 Heart
 Circulatory system

References

Other websites

Blood pressure
Cardiology
Anatomy of the cardiovascular system
Cassini could mean:

 Cassini-Huygens spacecraft
 Giovanni Domenico Cassini, astronomer
 Cassini Division of the rings of Saturn
Halite is the mineral a lot of people call "rock salt". It is a different form of sodium chloride (NaCl). It looks like it is made out of cubes.

References

Minerals
A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Its action affects the central nervous system. It can affect the brain and change perception, mood, consciousness, cognition and behaviour. Hypnotics are often prescribed to help people sleep. Sometimes they are also used in rituals, or as illegal drugs. These drugs enable their users to change their consciousness. This can also help students when they are preparing their examinations. Certain therapies also use such substances. 

Psychoactive substances change the consciousness and mood of their user. The people using them may have pleasant feelings, such as euphoria or they may be more alert. For this reason, many psychoactive substances are abused: They are used outside the aims of the treatment. This may lead to the user developing a  psychological and physical dependence ("addiction"). It will get more difficult to interrupt the cycle of abuse.
Drug rehabilitation aims to break this cycle of dependency; this is done with psychotherapy, support groups and even other psychoactive substances: Acamprosate or naltrexone are examples of substances used to treat alcoholism, methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy in the case of opioid dependency.  However, the reverse is also true in some cases, that is certain experiences on drugs may be so unfriendly and uncomforting that the user may never want to try the substance again.  This is especially true of the deliriants (e.g. datura) and dissociatives (e.g. salvia divinorum).

In part because of this potential for abuse and dependency, the ethics of drug use are the subject of a continuing philosophical debate. Many governments worldwide have placed restrictions on drug production and sales in an attempt to decrease drug abuse. Ethical concerns have also been raised about over-use of these drugs clinically, and about their marketing by manufacturers.

References
Mangalore is a city in the state of Karnataka, India. It is the capital city of Dakshina Kannada district. It is a port city. It is located on the Arabian Sea. It is the largest city in the Tulu Nadu region.

People in Mangalore speak many languages like Kannada, Tulu, Konkani and Beary.

Cities in Karnataka
The West Coast of the United States is a term that generally refers to the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Depending on the context, it can also include Alaska and/or the state of  Hawaii. Almost 50 million people live in these five states. The region includes the cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Anchorage, Portland and San Diego.

Regions of the United States
Stryper is a Christian glam metal band from Orange County, California. The group's lineup consists of Michael Sweet (lead vocals, guitar), Oz Fox (guitar), Tim Gaines (bass guitar), and Robert Sweet (drums). In 2004 Gaines left the band and was replaced by Tracy Ferrie (bass guitar) but rejoined in 2009.

Formed in 1983 as Roxx Regime, they would change their message and name to Stryper to go on to be the first Christian rock band to be recognized by the mainstream. In 1983 they were signed by Enigma Records and released their first album The Yellow and Black Attack. By the mid-1980s, Stryper saw their most successful period starting with the release of To Hell with the Devil which achieved Platinum sales status. Stryper would go on to release two more Gold albums before breaking up in 1992. In 2003 Stryper came out of retirement for a reunion tour and subsequently signed a multi-album contract with Big3 Records in 2005.
The name "Stryper" derives from the King James Version of the Bible. "But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities:
the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed." The reference, Isaiah 53:5, is frequently included as part of their logo. Stryper's drummer, Robert Sweet, also created a backronym for their name: "salvation through redemption, yielding peace, encouragement and righteousness".

Discography

The Yellow and Black Attack (1984)
Soldiers Under Command (1985)
The Yellow and Black Attack (Re-Issue) (1986)
To Hell with the Devil (1986)
In God We Trust (1988)
Against the Law (1990)
Reborn (2005)
Murder by Pride (2009)
The Covering (2011)

References

Other websites
Official Homepage
Michael Sweet's site
Stryper at Metal Archives
Stryper Expo 2000 
Stryper Expo 2001 
Kingdom Extreme Magazine interview with guitarist Oz Fox 2009
1980s music groups
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
American heavy metal bands
Glam metal bands
Christian metal bands
American hard rock bands
American rock bands
Christian rock bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Enigma Records artists
Christian metal, also known as 'white metal',  is a form of heavy metal music which a Christian band makes to praise Jesus. Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians, sometimes principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music. It is often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.

Christian metal bands exist in all the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link between most Christian metal bands are the lyrics. The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter. It has been argued that the marginal yet transnational Christian metal subculture provides its core members an alternative religious expression and Christian identity, and that the music serves the purpose of offering a positive alternative or counterbalance to secular metal music which is known for its generally dark and negative message.
Jerusalem is a Swedish Christian rock band, founded in 1975 by Ulf Christiansson. It was one of the first bands to combine Christian lyrics with a hard rock sound.

History

Jerusalem's message was primarily aimed at youth, with their lyrics describing the band's relationship to God in an ordinary, but radical way. The band's purpose was expressly evangelistic. Their concerts have been described as a series of revival meetings which often included altar calls and occasionally exorcisms.¡When the band first toured in the mid-1970s in Sweden, their combination of Christian lyrics with a hard rock sound was very controversial. The band was only permitted to perform at a few churches.

Discography
For albums released in both Swedish and English versions, the English titles are in parentheses.
Studio albums
 Jerusalem (Volume 1) (1978/1980)
 Volym 2 (Volume 2) (1980/1981)
 Krigsman (Warrior) (1981/1982)
 Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now) (1983/1984)
 Dancing on the Head of the Serpent (1987/1988)
 Prophet (1994)
 Volym Tre (Those Were the Days) (1996/1997)
 Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.) (1997/1998)
 She (2010)

Live albums
 In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA (1985)
 Live - På Ren Svenska (1998)

Compilation albums
 10 Years After (1988)
 Klassiker 1 (Classics 1) (1993/1996)
 Klassiker 2 (Classics 2) (1993/1996)
 Classics 3 (1995)
 Tretti (2006)
 Greatest Hits (2006)

Other websites
 Jerusalem - Official Site
1980s music groups
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Glam metal bands
Christian metal bands
Hard rock bands
Christian rock bands
Musical groups from Gothenburg
Neobatrachia is a suborder of the Anura, which contains all frogs and toads. It is the most advanced (derived or apomorphic) and by far the largest of the three suborders. Its over 5,000 species make up over 96% of all living anurans. 

Frogs
The hydrosphere is the total mass of water on, under, and over the surface of a planet. It is part of physical geography. The oceans, rivers, and lakes are all part of the hydrosphere. Some electricity is made by the hydrosphere.

The total mass of the Earth’s hydrosphere is about 1.4 × 1024 grams, which is about 0.023% of the Earth’s total mass. Around 2 × 1019 grams of this is the Earth’s atmosphere. In addition, 71% of the Earth’s surface, an area of 361 million square kilometers, is covered by ocean.

References

Related pages 
Water cycle

Physical geography
Bohuslav Martinů (born Polička, Bohemia, 8 December 1890; died Liestal, Switzerland, 28 August 1959) was a Czech composer. He wrote an enormous amount of music, including six symphonies, 15 operas, 14 ballet scores and many orchestral, chamber, vocal and instrumental works. His music is often inspired by his native country.

His life 
Martinů was born in the tower of a town church and that is where he spent the first seven years of his life, away from the rest of the world. When he was old enough to go to school he had to climb the 193 steps down to the street every day. He started to have violin lessons from the local tailor. He was very shy because he was used to being all by himself with his family in the tower, but he made good progress and in 1905 gave his first violin recital.
Martinů soon started to compose music and nothing else interested him very much. He went to the Prague Conservatory to study the violin but he preferred going to the theatre and reading. In 1909 he changed to the organ school but he did no work and was expelled from school.

He managed to avoid fighting in the World War I by composing. After the war he became a member of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, playing second violin.

In 1923 he moved to Paris where he stayed for 17 years. He was very poor. He had some lessons with Albert Roussel and soon became known as a composer. He married in 1931 and his wife worked hard to earn money so that he could spend his time composing. He liked to use Czech folk stories and literature as inspiration for his music.

In 1940 he had to leave Paris to escape from the Nazis. He spent several months living rough, often sleeping on stationplatforms. In March 1941 he and his wife managed to get to New York.
His music 
Bohuslav Martinů wrote a lot of music. He loved sitting down and writing music. Once he had finished a composition he was never very interested in hearing it performed or what happened to it. As a result, some of his music is very good but some of it is less interesting. One of his last works was called Řecké Pašije (The Greek Passion) which uses Greek folk melody and church chant. He was never influenced by American music, he preferred the modes, folktunes, bagpipe drones and mountain calls of his native country. His music can often be described as neoclassical in style.

Other websites 

 Bohuslav Martinů Foundation in Prague
 Catalogue of Martinů Works
 Bohuslav Martinu Centre in Policka

1890 births
1959 deaths
20th-century composers
Czech composers
The Gallipoli Campaign  was an Allied attack on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I. The campaign took place between April 25, 1915, and January 9, 1916. The Allied forces of the British Empire and of French fought the Ottoman Empire.

The purpose of the attack was allow ships to bring supplies via the Black Sea to help Russia break the stalemate on the Eastern Front. 

The campaign started with a naval attack along the Dardanelles. Naval mines sank or damaged several ships, and the Ottomans fought back and stopped the Allies from entering the Sea of Marmara. It was decided that if the Russians were to receive any British help, a land invasion was necessary.
On April 25, 1915, Allied forces landed at various locations along the Gallipoli Peninsula. Many British soldiers landed in the wrong places, which caused heavy casualties. The British landed at Cape Helles and the ANZACs landed at a place that was later known as Anzac Cove. However, the Allies did not push on. Instead, they were told to dig trenches and wait for an Ottoman attack. There was trench warfare until the evacuation of all Allied troops was finally ordered. The campaign is widely viewed as an Allied failure. 

The British historian A.J.P. Taylor wrote of the Gallipoli campaign: "The Gallipoli expedition was a terrible example of an ingenious strategical idea carried through after inadequate preparation and with inadequate drive."

Mustafa Kemal led the Ottoman defenders in what was the only important victory in the war and so he became a hero. Years after the war ended, he became the first President of Turkey. He paid tribute to the ANZAC soldiers who had died there.

References
References 

1915 in Europe
1916 in Europe
Battles involving Australia
Battles involving France
Battles involving Germany
Battles involving India
Battles involving New Zealand
Battles involving the United Kingdom
Battles of World War I
British Empire
1910s in the Ottoman Empire
The Sparassodonta were an order of carnivorous metatherian mammals. They are all now extinct.

The sparassodonts were native to South America. They were once thought to be true marsupials, but are now classified as a sister taxon to them. 

A number of these mammalian predators closely resemble placental predators that evolved separately in Eurasia. They were first described by Florentino Ameghino, from fossils found in the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia.

Features
Members of the order Sparassodonta showed many similarities with placental carnivora, but they were not closely related. They are a very good example of convergent evolution. 

For example, sparassodont molars were similar to the meat slicing teeth of modern cats. The canines were also lengthened, and in some cases, such as Thylacosmilus, resemble those of saber-toothed cats like Smilodon. Their body size varied, ranging from 80 cm (2 ft 8 in) long to the size of today's modern big cats.
Another family of large predators wrere the borhyaenids, which were more like wolves or dogs.

Families 
†Hathliacynidae
†Borhyaenidae
†Proborhyaenidae
†Thylacosmilidae

References 

Fossils
Metatheria
Mammals of South America
Rudi Hiden (Josef Rudolf Hiden, born 9 March 1909 in Graz, Styria, Austria – died 11 September 1973 in Vienna) was an Austrian–French footballer. He was goalkeeper. After his career as player he became football coach.

Career
He started playin football with Grazer A.K., where he played from 1925 - 1927. Then he went to Vienna, where he played for WAC(1927-1933). 1933 he planed to went to Arsenal London, but the Players Union did not allow this, so he went on to RC Paris together with Auguste Jordan, another Austrian footballer. 1937 he took the French nationality and played once for the French team in a 1940 match versus Portugal.
International career
He started at the age of 19 in a match versus Yugoslavia(3:0). His second match he played two years later, he was very good so he became No.1 goalkeeper of the Austrian team. He was the goalkeeper in the golden age of the Austrian team, the so-called Wunderteam (Wonderteam). In the early 1930 the team played 15 matches and won 12 and lost only one game (in Wembley versus England 3:4)

After his footballer career he became coach of different teams in Italys Seria B.
 1951–1952 Salernitana
 1952–1953 Messina
 1953–1954 Palermo
 1956–1957 Messina
 danach US Carrarese
 1963–1964 Salernitana

Honours
 Austrian Cup (1):
 1931
 French championship (1):
 1936
 Coupe de France (3):
 1936, 1939, 1940
 In 2005 a lane in Viennas district Donaustadt was named after him (Rudi-Hiden-Gasse)

Other websites
 The Wonderteam-Painting by Paul Meissner
Players of the Austrian national football team
1909 births
1973 deaths
Austrian football managers
French football managers
French association football goalkeepers
Austrian football goalkeepers
Brahmavar is a town in India. It is in Udupi district of Karnataka State. It is near to the capital of the Tulu Nadu kingdom. It is on National Highway 17.

Towns in Karnataka
AB III is the third studio album by American rock band Alter Bridge. It was released on October 8, 2010 in Germany and Australia, since then released worldwide through late 2010 and early 2011. It received critical acclaim, and debuted at #17 in the Billboard 200 with more than 28,000 copies sold.

It contains one of Alter Bridge most successful songs, "Isolation" which peaked at #1 at the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

Track listing
"Slip to the Void" — 4:55
"Isolation" — 4:15
"Ghost of Days Gone By" — 4:26
"All Hope Is Gone" — 4:51
"Still Remains" — 4:47
"Make It Right" — 4:18
"Wonderful Life — 5:22
"I Know It Hurts" — 3:57
"Show Me a Sign" — 5:58
"Fallout" — 4:24
"Breathe Again" — 4:24
"Coeur d'Alene" — 4:33
"Life Must Go On" — 4:34
"Words Darker Than Their Wings" — 5:21
United States Bonus Tracks
"Zero" — 4:39
"Home" — 3:29
Japan Bonus Tracks
"Never Born to Follow" — 4:06

Chart positions
Album

Singles

Other websites
Official Website — AlterBridge.com

References
References 

2010 albums
Roadrunner Records albums
A macaw is a New World parrot. Some of the species are large birds, the largest of the parrots. Macaws are native to Mexico, Central America, South America, and formerly the Caribbean.

Macaws, like all parrots, are unusually intelligent birds. The usual thing for parrots is to pair for life. They stay together even out of the mating season. They often fly in formation, one above the other.

Diet and clay licks

Macaws eat a variety of foods including seeds, nuts, fruits, palm fruits, leaves, flowers, and stems.  Wild species may forage widely, over  for some of the larger species such as Ara araurana (blue & yellow macaw) and Ara ambigua (great green macaw), in search of seasonally available foods.  

In the western Amazon, hundreds of macaws and other parrots descend to exposed river banks to lick clay almost daily,  except on rainy days. 

It was suggested that parrots and macaws in the Amazon basin eat clay from exposed river banks to neutralize toxins.
The clay eating behavior of parrots was studied at clay licks in Peru. Apparently, macaws and other birds and animals prefer clays with higher levels of salt. Sodium is a vital element which is scarce in environments over 100 kilometers from the ocean.

Related pages 
Hyacynth macaw
Red-shouldered macaw
Scarlet macaw

References

Other websites 
 

True parrots

et:Aara#Aara laiemas mõttes
nl:Ara (vogel)
"Harrison Bergeron" is a science fiction short story by Kurt Vonnegut. It was first published in 1961. The story is set in a future where the United States government thinks everyone should be equal, so the government gives people "handicaps". People who are strong must carry heavy weights, and people who are smart must wear a radio that sends out signals that distract them.

Harrison Bergeron is a boy who is very talented. He gets rid of his handicaps and dances with a ballerina on national television. The government kills him for doing this. His parents are watching, but are too distracted by their handicaps to understand what is going on.

Some conservatives have thought the story has a conservative point of view, although Vonnegut was not a conservative.

References

20th-century American short stories
The Cramps were an American punk rock band, formed in 1976 and active until 2009. The band split after the death of lead singer Lux Interior. They were part of the early CBGB punk rock movement that had emerged in New York. The Cramps are widely recognized as one of the prime innovators of psychobilly, and they inspired many of the early gothic rock bands.

Members

Final line-up
Lux Interior (Erick Purkhiser) – vocals, March 1973 to February 2009
Poison Ivy (Kristy Wallace) – lead guitar, March 1973 to February 2009
Harry Drumdini – drums, February 1993 – July 2003 and August 2006 to February 2009
Former members
Bryan Gregory (Greg Beckerleg) – guitar, April 1976 – May 1980
Julien Grindsnatch – guitar, July 1980 – September 1980
Kid Congo Powers (Brian Tristan) – guitar, December 1980 – September 1983
Mike Metoff (as Ike Knox) – guitar, October 1983 – November 1983; January 1984 – July 1984
Click Mort – guitar, December 1983
Scott "Chopper" Franklin – bass & guitar, January 2002 – September 2006
Sean Yseult (Shauna Reynolds, of White Zombie) – bass, October/November 2006
Touch Hazard (Tim Maag of The Mechanics & D.I.) – bass, 1985
Fur (Jennifer Dixon) – bass, March 1986 – May 1986
Candy del Mar – bass, July 1986 – January 1991
Slim Chance – bass, March 1991-August 1998
Doran Shelley – bass, 1998–1999
SugarPie Jones (aka Tim Ferris) – bass, 2000
Pam Ballam (Pam Beckerleg) – drums, April 1976 – September 1976
Miriam Linna – drums, October 1976 – June 1977
Nick Knox – drums, July 1977 – January 1991
Jim Sclavunos – drums, 1991
Nickey Alexander – drums, June 1991 – January 1993
Bill "Buster" Bateman – drums, June 2004 – August 2006
Jen Hanrahan – castanets June 2000 – August 2000.
"Jungle" Jim Chandler – "Laid down the primal beat" for the European tour 2004
Discography

Studio albums
 Songs the Lord Taught Us (1980, Illegal)
 Psychedelic Jungle (1981, I.R.S.)
 Smell of Female – (live at the Peppermint Lounge) 6-track mini album (1983, Big Beat)
 A Date with Elvis (1986, Big Beat)
 Stay Sick (1990, Enigma)
 Look Mom No Head! (1991, Enigma)
 Flamejob (1994, The Medicine Label)
 Big Beat from Badsville (1997, Epitaph)
 Fiends of Dope Island (2002, Vengeance)

Compilations
 Off the Bone (1983, Illegal)
 Bad Music for Bad People (1984, I.R.S.)
 How to Make a Monster (2004, Vengeance)
 The Secret Life of the Cramps (2006)

Other websites

 The Cramps Official Page
 The Cramps Facebook Fan Page

1976 establishments in New York (state)
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2009 disestablishments in the United States
American punk bands
Enigma Records artists
Musical groups disestablished in 2009
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups from New York City
Young Bond is a series of young adult spy books. It is written by English author Charlie Higson. There are five books in the series. The series is about the fictional spy James Bond (who was originally invented by Ian Fleming) as a teenager. The series is set in the 1930s and Bond's school is Eton College. The books are published by Puffin Books in the United Kingdom.

The first novel in the series is SilverFin. It was published in 2005 and, since then, the series has become very successful.

The official website for the books is www.youngbond.com.

The series has received many positive reviews, with many people liking the tension and the action. The Guardian newspaper said that SilverFin is "a well-crafted page-turner with substance".

References

James Bond
British young adult novels
Series of books
Gaston Layton Pridgen, known as G. L. Pridgen (born ca. 1944), is a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly and the North Carolina House of Representatives. In the House of Representatives, he represents the 46th District, including constituents in Hoke, Robeson and Scotland  counties. A retired telecommunications technician from Laurinburg, North Carolina, Pridgen also has experience in the United States Military.

Education and career
Pridgen was born in Robeson County, where he graduated from Littlefield High School and studied at Robeson Community College. His career with Southern Bell Telephone Company, which later became BellSouth Telecommunications and then AT&T, was interrupted by two years of service in the United States Army. Drafted into the army, he served as a communication lineman in Vietnam with the rank of Specialist-5, and was awarded the Bronze Star.
In 1994, he started his own telecommunications company, The Communications Company, Inc., providing telecommunications to local businesses. In 2009 he began working in the IT Department at Southeastern Regional Medical Center.

House of Representatives
Pridgen is currently serving his first term as Representative for District 46 of North Carolina. In the House of Representatives he is active on seven committees. These are the Agriculture committee, the Appropriations committee (both Appropriations and Appropriations of Education, for which he is Vice-Chair) and the committees on Education, Judiciary (and Judiciary subcommittee B), and Public Utilities.
Views
Pridgen has been the primary sponsor of eleven bills and has co-sponsored twenty-eight other bills, including H475 which authorizes a referendum on whether to make English the official language of North Carolina. He was also a primary sponsor of bill H219 which aimed to keep stricter records of registered sex offenders in the state. Pridgen nominated Dick Taylor to serve on the University of North Carolina Board of Governors. Pridgen also served as Vice-Chairman of the Appropriations Committee for Education. In this role, he supported a motion that would allow extra tax revenue to help fund the University of North Carolina system schools. This came less than a week after the committee proposed a budget for the UNC-system of schools that would have reduced funding by $483 million, or 17.4 percent. The cuts were described as potentially causing the school system to lose 3,200 jobs and cut 9,000 classes.

Personal life
Pridgen has four children with his wife, Wendy.
Other websites
The Communications Company, Inc. 
Official Campaign Website 
NC General Assembly Biography

References

1944 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Politicians from North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from North Carolina
For the dictionary definition of foreigner, see foreigner at the Simple English Wiktionary.
Foreigner is a British-American rock band, originally formed in 1976 by veteran English musicians Mick Jones, ex-King Crimson member Ian McDonald along with American vocalist Lou Gramm. Foreigner have sold more than 70 million albums worldwide, (including over 37.5 million in the United States alone).

Discography

Studio albums
 1977 - Foreigner
 1978 - Double Vision
 1979 - Head Games
 1981 - Four
 1982 - Records
 1985 - Agent Provocateur
 1987 - Inside Information
 1991 - Unusual Heat
 1992 - The Very Best... and Beyond
 1994 - Mr. Moonlight
 2006 - Live In '05
 2009 - Can't Slow Down

Other websites
Foreigner's Official Website 
Lou Gramm's Official Website 

1976 establishments in New York (state)
 
American rock bands
Atlantic Records artists
American hard rock bands
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups from New York City
The Stonewall riots were a series of riots in New York City from 28 June to 6 July in 1969. They happened after the police raided the Stonewall Inn, an LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) bar in Greenwich Village. After this, many LGBT+ people protested being persecuted by the police.  They are seen as the start of the Gay Rights Movement.

1969 in the United States
1960s riots
1960s in New York (state)
History of Manhattan
Law enforcement in the United States
LGBT in the United States
Police misconduct in the United States
Riots in the United States
Glycerol (or glycerin, glycerine) is a simple organic molecule. It is a colorless, odorless, thick liquid that is widely used during the last step of preparing prescription drugs. Glycerol has three hydrophilic (water-loving) hydroxyl (oxygen-hydrogen) groups that are responsible for its solubility in water and its hygroscopic nature (which means it attracts water from the air). The glycerol backbone is central to all lipids known as triglycerides. It is used is in making nitroglycerin.

Organic compounds
The Arthur C. Clarke Award is a prize for excellent science fiction writing. It is a British award for a science fiction novel from the year before. To win, a the novel must be published first in the United Kingdom. The winner gets money as a prize. The prize amount increases each year. It is a number of pounds sterling equal to the year of the prize (£1987 for the first prize in 1987, and £2011 for the most recent prize).

The science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke gave money to start the prize. The first prize was given in 1987.  A group of judges choose the winning book. Judges come from the British Science Fiction Association, the Science Fiction Foundation and a third group. Now, that third group SF Crowsnest. The Serendip Foundation manages the prize.  Recently, the award has been presented on the first night of the SCI-FI-LONDON film festival.
List of winners
 1987: The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood 
 1988: The Sea and Summer by George Turner 
 1989: Unquenchable Fire by Rachel Pollack
 1990: The Child Garden by Geoff Ryman 
 1991: Take Back Plenty by Colin Greenland 
 1992: Synners by Pat Cadigan 
 1993: Body of Glass by Marge Piercy (published as He, She and It in the U.S.) 
 1994: Vurt by Jeff Noon 
 1995: Fools by Pat Cadigan 
 1996: Fairyland by Paul J. McAuley 
 1997: The Calcutta Chromosome by Amitav Ghosh 
 1998: The Sparrow by Mary Doria Russell 
 1999: Dreaming in Smoke by Tricia Sullivan 
 2000: Distraction by Bruce Sterling 
 2001: Perdido Street Station by China Miéville 
 2002: Bold As Love by Gwyneth Jones
 2003: The Separation by Christopher Priest
 2004: Quicksilver by Neal Stephenson
 2005: Iron Council by China Miéville
 2006: Air by Geoff Ryman
 2007: Nova Swing by M. John Harrison
 2008: Black Man by Richard Morgan
 2009: Song of Time by Ian R. MacLeod
 2010: The City and the City by China Miéville
2011: Zoo City by Lauren Beukes 
 2012: The Testament of Jessie Lamb by Jane Rogers
 2013: Dark Eden by Chris Beckett
 2014: Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie
 2015: Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel
 2016: Children of Time by Adrian Tchaikovsky
 2017: The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead
 2018: Dreams Before the Start of Time by Anne Charnock
Related pages 

 Hugo Award

Other websites 
 Official Arthur C. Clarke Award site
 Reviews of current and previous winners
 Interview with Tom Hunter, Administrator of the Arthur C. Clarke Awards 
 List of all winning and nominated novels

References

Literary awards
Science fiction awards
Lists of books
Patricia Oren Kearney Cadigan (born September 10, 1953) is an American science fiction author. Her work is part of the cyberpunk movement. Her novels and short stories all share a common theme of exploring the relationship between the human mind and technology.

Life and early work
She was born in Schenectady, New York, and grew up in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Cadigan was a student at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Kansas. She studied with James Gunn at Kansas and graduated in 1975. That same year Cadigan joined the convention committee for MidAmeriCon, the 34th World Science Fiction Convention being held in Kansas City, Missouri over Labor Day weekend 1976. Her job as a committee member was to help guest of honor Robert A. Heinlein.
She also worked for fantasy writer Tom Reamy at his Nickelodeon Graphics typesetting and graphic design business. Reamy died in 1977 and Cadigan went to work as a writer for Kansas City's Hallmark Cards. She went to live in England with her son Bob Fenner in 1996. She is now married there to her third husband.

Writing
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, she was a magazine editor. She worked on small press fantasy and science fiction magazines called Chacal and Shayol with her second husband, Arnie Fenner. Cadigan sold her first professional science fiction story in 1980. She became a full-time writer in 1987.

Cadigan's first novel was Mindplayers. It introduced a common theme in her writing. Her stories make the human mind a real place where people can go and do things. What is real becomes unclear.
Cadigan has won several awards, including: Nebula Award for Best Short Story in 1986; the Philip K. Dick Award in 1987 for Mindplayers; the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1991; the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1992 and 1995 for her novels Synners and Fools.

Other writers
Robert A. Heinlein had become her friend after she helped him when he was a guest at the 34th Worldcon in Kansas City. He partly dedicated his novel Friday to her.

Childhood fantasies
In the 1960s, Cadigan and a childhood girlfriend "invented a whole secret life in which we were twins from the planet Venus," she told National Public Radio. The Beatles asked "us for advice about their songs" and help being famous, Cadigan says. In this fantasy, sometimes the girls would shape-shift to become The Beatles and finish recording songs or playing concerts for them. As Venusian twins, Cadigan said they had other superpowers too. Sometimes they would help Superman, Wonder Woman and other heroes, she said.
Original novels
Mindplayers (1987)
Synners (1991)
Fools (1992)
Tea from an Empty Cup (1998)
Dervish is Digital (2001)

Books from movies
The Making of Lost in Space (1998) (book on the making of the movie Lost in Space)
Resurrecting the Mummy: The Making of the Movie (1999) (book on the making of the movie The Mummy)
Lost in Space: Promised Land (1999) (spinoff novelisation from the movie Lost in Space)
Cellular (2004) (novelization of the movie Cellular)
Jason X (2004) (novelization of the movie Jason X)
Jason X: The Experiment (2005)

Short-story collections
Patterns (1989)
Dirty Work (1993)
Home By The Sea (1993)
Letters From Home (1991)

One of her early stories appeared in Rock On (1981).

References 

1953 births
Living people
American science fiction writers
Writers from New York (state)
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Schenectady, New York
Iris was known as the goddess of the rainbow and another messenger for the gods in Greek mythology. 

She is depicted as a beautiful golden goddess, with wings (for flight), sandals, a staff, and a tunic. There is often much art, such as vases and murals, shown of her because she is worshiped and very beautiful. She was also seen briefly in Homer's Legacies.

Iris is generally seen as Hera's personal servant and messenger. Iris is very swift and fast and she generally travels by rainbow. It is even said that the reason the rainbow comes and goes so fast is because Iris only uses it for travel and since she is so fast, it is only in the sky for a small amount of time. 

She is seen today in both Roman, and Greek mythology, as an important figure to Greece, and the gods. In Greek mythology it is believed that if you throw a drachma (Greek currency) into a rainbow you can communicate with anyone anywhere (like the Skype of ancient times).
Her parents are Thaumas (marine titan) and Elektra (cloud nymph). Her husband is Zephryus (west wind). In some versions of Greek mythology, Iris is the mother of Pothos.

Related pages 
Iridium

Greek gods and goddesses
Michael Andrew Weinberg (born February 16 1993) is an American former child actor. He starred in Home Alone 4 as Kevin McCallister. He is the younger brother of Matt Weinberg.

Movies

References

American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1993 births
Living people
SC Wiener Neustadt(official name SC Wiener Neustadt 08) is a footballclub from Austria. The club is playing in the Austrian Bundesliga.

The club was founded in 2008 as the Upper Austrian club SC Schwanenstadt decided to transfer to Oberwaltersdorf because of financial problems. Because SC Schwanenstadt was 7th in the second league the new club could also play in this league. 

The first match was against FC Wacker Innsbruck (0-3). The rest of the season was more successful. They became champion of the second league and promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga.
The club´s president was Frank Stronach, the founder of Magna Inetrnational. He was also the main sponsor. But he decided to leave the club, so the future of the club is not clear. For the 2011/12 season Wiener Neustadt has got a new coach, Peter Stöger, who came from GAK, because Peter Schöttl became new coach of SK Rapid Wien. After Peter Stöger went to Austria Wien, because the earlier Austria coach Ivica Vastic was not very successful, the team had to look for a new coach. Just before the season 2011/2012 began, the SC Wiener Neustadt presented Heimo Pfeifenberger as the new coach.

Current squad

Manager history
Manager history

 Helmut Kraft (2008–2009)
  Peter Schöttel (2009–2011)
  Peter Stöger (2011–2012)
  Heimo Pfeifenberger (2012–2014)
  Helgi Kolviðsson (2014–2015)
  Günter Kreissl (2015–2016)
  René Wagner (2016–2017)
 Roman Mählich (2017– 2018)
 Gerhard Fellner (2018-2019)
 Sargon Duran (2019 caretaker)
 Thomas Flögl (2019-2020)
 Jürgen Burgemeister (2020-2021)
 Oliver Oberhammer (2021)
 Zeljko Ristic (2021-)

Honours
2008/09 Champion Erste Liga(Second league)

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Lower Austria
Redding is a city in Northern California in the Western United States. It is the county seat of Shasta County and is located at the northern end of the state's great Central Valley at the base of the Shasta Cascades, about 110 miles south of the Oregon border on Interstate 5 and  east of the Pacific Ocean on State Highway 299.

The population was 93,611, according to the 2020 census.

History

Indigenous culture 
Before European settlers came to the area, it was inhabited by a tribe of Native Americans called the Wintu. At their height, the Wintu had as many as 239 villages in the Shasta County area.

Demographics
Demographics 

The 2010 United States Census reported that Redding had a population of 89,861. The population density was 1,468.9 people per square mile (567.2/km2). The racial makeup of Redding was 77,117 (85.8%) White, 1,092 (1.2%) African American, 2,034 (2.3%) Native American, 3,034 (3.4%) Asian, 156 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 2,307 (2.6%) from other races, and 4,121 (4.6%) from two or more races. There were 7,787 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (8.7%).

The Census reported that 87,841 people (97.8% of the population) lived in households, 1,138 (1.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 882 (1.0%) were institutionalized.