Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sir Paul Rycaut (1628–1700) was a British diplomat, author and traveler. Rycaut served as secretary to the British Embassy at Constantinople. Afterward, he served as consul to the Levant Company in Smyrna, Turkey. He was the English ambassador to Hamburg. Rycaut was a  Fellow of the Royal Society.

Career 
Rycaut was born in November or December of 1628 in Aylesford, Kent. His parents were Peter and Mary Rycaut. His father, Peter Rycaut, was originally from Spain and was a representative in London for the King of Spain. He had also loaned the king money during his war with Holland. Because of this he was exiled from England by Cromwell and lost all his property.
Rycaut's mother, Mary van der Colge, was the daughter of silk merchant from Spitalfields whose father had fled Belgium as a result of the persecution of Protestants by the Spanish.  Mary was born in London, United Kingdom and was a member of the Huguenot Society in London. Rycaut learned Greek and Latin probably while still in grammar school in Kent. He  graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1650.  In 1652, he was admitted to Gray's Inn. 

When Rycaut traveled to Spain to ask Philip IV of Spain for repayment of his father's loans, the king received him warmly. The king arranged for Rycaut to attend the University of Alcalá free of charge. In 1659, Rycaut became the private secretary to Heneage Finch who was the Levant Company ambassador to Constantinople. While there Rycaut learned Turkish and began writing his book The Present State of the Ottoman Empire. He returned to England in 1665.
Major works 
 The present state of the Ottoman Empire (1667–1995), English language.	
 The present state of the Greek and Armenian churches, anno Christi 1678 (1676–1970), six languages. 
 The present state of the Ottoman Empire : containing the maxims of the Turkish polity, the most material points of the Mahometan religion, their sects and heresies, their convents and religious votaries, their military discipline : with an exact computation of their forces both by sea and land (1675–1978), in English.
 The history of the Turkish empire from the year 1623 to the year 1677 : containing the reigns of the three last emperours, viz., Sultan Morat or Amurat IV, Sultan Ibrahim, and Sultan Mahomet IV, his son, the XIII emperour now reigning (1680–1972), in English.
 Istoria dello stato presente dell' imperio Ottomano ... (1670–1988), in nine languages.
The history of the present state of the Ottoman Empire : containing the maxims of the Turkish polity, the most material points of the Mahometan religion, their sects and heresies, their convents and religious votaries, their military discipline (1675–1686), in English.
 The original papers and letters, relating to the Scots Company, trading to Africa and the Indies: from the memorial given in against their taking subscriptions at Hamburgh (1700–1977), in English.
Major translations 
 Baltasar Gracián; Sir Paul Rycaut, El Criticón (The Critic). Published in English in 10 editions (1681–1987).
 Platina; Sir Paul Rycaut, The lives of the popes: from the time of our saviour Jesus Christ, to the reign of Sixtus IV, 20 editions (20 editions, 1685–1978), in English.
 Garcilaso de la Vega; Sir Paul Rycaut, Royal commentaries of the Incas, and general history of Peru (published in 28 editions 1688–1987), in English.

References

Other websites
"Paul Rycaut", The Royal Society
"Ottoman Politics Through British Eyes: Paul Rycaut's the Present State of the Ottoman Empire", Journal of World History, Linda T. Darling, Vol. 5, 1994 
"Sir Paul Rycaut's Memoranda and Letters from Ireland 1686-1687", Analecta Hibernica, Patrick Melvin and Paul Rycaut, No. 27 (1972), pp. 123, 125-199 

1629 births
1700 deaths
British diplomats
Knights Bachelor
In set theory Cantor's theorem states that the set which contains all subsets of a set has a greater cardinality than the set itself. Georg Cantor showed this in an article he published in 1890. The theorem is valid both for finite and infinite sets.

Mathematical theorems
Set theory
The  Small isles are the four islands, Muck, Rùm, Eigg, Canna and several other islands. They are a small archipelago of islands in the Inner Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland. They are south of Skye and north of Mull and Ardnamurchan. The Small Isles is one of 40 National Scenic Areas in Scotland. They can be reached by taking a ferry from either Arisaig or Mallaig on the mainland.

References 

Islands of Scotland
Lycorhinus is a genus of omnivorous heterodontosaurid dinosaur.

References

Heterodontosaurs
Jurassic dinosaurs
Concepción is a district and city in northern Paraguay and capital of the Concepción Department. It is next to the Paraguay River.

The city is at about  to the north of Asunción, the capital of Paraguay.

History
The Spanish Governor of Paraguay, Agustín Fernado de Pinedo, founded Concepción in 1773 with the name of Villa Real de Concepción. The  town prospered in the early years of the 20th century, as a centre for the north of the country, the Gran Chaco, and a river port. The town was also the initial centre for the Paraguayan civil war of 1947.

Geography
The city of Concepción is in the southwest of the Concepción department, in the north of the Oriental region. The district has an area of  and an estimated population in 2015 of 80,622 for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Climate
Concepcion has a tropical wet and dry/ savanna climate (Köppen climate classification : Aw) with a pronounced dry season in winter.
The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during summer. The month with the most precipitation on average is December with  of rainfall, followed by November with .

The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is July with an average of  and the second is August with .

Concepción is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .

Related pages
 List of cities in Paraguay

References
 

Cities in Paraguay
Square rig refers to a type of sail and rigging where the sails are mounted on horizontal spars. The number of masts, the square sails and how the yards (spars) are set out distinguishes a square-rigged ship. The classic example of a square-rig is a three masted fully rigged ship. The square-rigger descends from the lateen-rig. Its angled sails became square sails. The full-rigged ship is a ship with square-rigged sails on all its masts. The square rig with all its sails and rigging is hard to handle when tacking or "coming about". In the trade winds, square-rigged ships have an advantage, especially in deep water.

References

Other websites 
 How to sail a Full-Rigged-Ship - The Sørlandet Part 1
 Star of India tacking and wearing: YouTube

Sailing
"Water Under the Bridge" is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele.  It is the sixth song on her third studio album, 25.  It was written by Adele and her frequent writing partner, Greg Kurstin, who also produced the song.  "Water Under the Bridge" was the fourth single from 25 on November 4, 2016.

The song is a more upbeat song, similar to "Rolling in the Deep".   So far, it has charted at number 26 on the US Billboard Hot 100.  It was certified gold by the RIAA in 2017 for shipments of 500,000 copies in the US.

Critical reception 
When reviewing 25, Lewis Corner from Digital Spy wrote that Adele and Kurstin "strike upon a shimmering mid-tempo pop parade, as the London singer proclaims 'if you're gonna let me down, let me down gently' over the chewiest melody she's laid her vocals on. […] Adele's perceptive lyric and rich vocal makes it entirely her own."

References

Adele songs
Večići is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Kotor Varoš Municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It spreads across Večićko polje (Večići's field), nearby the mouth of Cvrcka (in Vrbanja river), and Vrbanjci, a larger village.

In 1991 its population was 1744. In 2013 it was 797, all of whom are Bosniaks.

During the Bosnian War, the village was a pocket of Bosniak resistance against the Bosnian Serb Army and Police forces. It suffered severe damages, including destruction of the village mosque. The anthropologist Madelyn Iris noted that
 Some of the villagers died in a massacre at nearby Grabovica in November 1992 and 150-200 men and boys were killed in the village school. As of 2017 these people are still on the list of missing persons.

Population

References

Other websites 
Photographs of Večići 

Settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina
A merchant vessel or trading vessel is a boat or ship that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This does not include pleasure craft that do not carry passengers for hire. Warships are also not considered to be merchant ships.

Types 
They come in large number of sizes and shapes. They range from twenty-foot inflatable dive boats in Hawaii, to 5,000 passenger casino vessels on the Mississippi River. They include tugboats working in New York Harbor, to 1,000 foot oil tankers and container ships.
Some of the more common types are:
 Bulk carriers - These carry items such as ore, grain, cement and other kinds of bulk cargo. This type makes up 40% of the world's merchant fleets.
 Container ships - They are ocean-going ships that carry goods in large containers. They did not come into use until the 1960s, but are now the standard form of shipping manufactured goods worldwide.
 Passenger ships - Are either pleasure (such as a cruise ships) or carry passengers on regular scheduled routes (such as a ferry). 
 Tanker - Ships that carry bulk liquid cargo such as oil, liquefied natural gas, and chemicals are called tankers.
 Fishing vessel - Catch and often process fish for food.
 Offshore Vessels - Are used to transport people, goods and supplies to offshore oil platforms.
Fleets 
Most countries of the world operate fleets of merchant ships. However, due to the high costs of operations, today these fleets are in many cases sailing under the flags of other nations. These are countries that specialize in providing manpower and services at very good terms. Such flags are known as "flags of convenience". Currently, Liberia and Panama are two of the most popular flags of convenience. Ownership of the vessels can be by any country, however.

Today, Japan and Greece are two of the largest merchant fleets by capacity. In 2014, the two countries shipped about 30% of the world's tonnage. However, China is now the nation that owns the most merchant ships. 

During wars, merchant ships may be used as auxiliaries to the navies of their respective countries. They are called on to deliver military personnel and material.
Definitions
 The term "commercial vessel" is defined by the United States Coast Guard as "any vessel (i.e. boat or ship) engaged in commercial trade or that carries passengers for hire".

 In English, "Merchant Navy" is usually used to refer to the British Merchant Navy. 

 The United States merchant fleet is known as the United States Merchant Marine.

References 

Ships
The Cvrcka is a river in Central Bosnia, the largest left bank tributary of Vrbanja river.

It rises in area of Skender Vakuf on the northern slopes of Čemernica, on the same drainage divide as the Jakotina. Jakotina is  another tributary of the same river, which flows in same parallel direction to Vrbanja river. It streams are consisted by two rivers: Međurača (source at about 1,200 m) and Vukača (source at about 1,150 m). Its estuary is between Večići and Vrbanjci (310 m above sea level).

Related pages
 Vrbanja river
 Večići
 Vrbanjci
 Kotor Varoš

References 

Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vrbànjci is a village in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Municipality of Kotor Varoš, Republika Srpska.

Geography 
Vrbanjci spread  along the Vrbanja river (for which it is named), between its tributaries Jezerka, Bosanka, and Cvrcka.

History 
The history of this area commemorates the battle on The Field of Večići, on the Vrbanja river, where was the clash between the Ottomans army and repressed  pro Bosnian forces, from almost the entire State of Bosnia.  According to the historical context, it probably happened around 1463, when Bosnia fell under Ottoman Administration.

During the last War in Bosnia (1992–1995), Serb paramilitary and police forces have committed severe crimes against the civilian Bosniaks and Croats  populations in Vrbanjaca and surrounding villages, including Večići

Most of the refugees of the Bosniak population are back in their  native lands and have restored their houses, with the assistance of the international community, but above all thanks to their own resources.
Since 1995, parents of Bosniak's pupils at the local Elementary school "Sveti Sava" have been running a leongly court case to exercise their Constitutional right to teach in their native Bosnian language. Following a decade-long denial of the lawsuit at the Municipal Court in Kotor Varoš and the District Court in Banja Luka, the Constitutional Court of RS issued a verdict in their favor only in December 2019, obliging the defendant to reimburse all costs of the trial.

Population

Related pages 
 Vrbanja river
 Kotor Varoš
 Večići

References

Settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosanka (Bosnian women) is a river in central Bosnia. It is a right tributary of the Vrbanja river. It rises on the southern slopes of the Uzlomac mountain (elevation about ) in four streams. The length is about . Flowing through Petrovići, and its mouth in Vrbanja river is between the villages of Dabovci and Dudići. The mouth of the river is downstream from Vrbanjci, along highway M-4 (Banja Luka - Doboj). 

The only significant (left) tributary to Bosanka is the Vodalka. 
In 1950 there were eight watermills in the Bosanke and Vodalke river basins.
On the eastern side of Vodalke are several creeks, such the Zmajevac, Pirizevac and Breska. On the western side are the Jelovac, Pušića potok, Svinjara and Jošavka. 

During the War in Bosnia people living in the area of the Bosanka were expelled and killed. This is especially true in the village of Vrbanjci, and nearby surrounding Večići, Hrvaćani,  Garići and Rujevica.

Related pages 
 Vrbanja river
 Vrbanjci
 Večići
 Kotor Varoš

References
References 

Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sir Anthony Barnes "Tony" Atkinson, (4 September 1944 – 1 January 2017) was a British economist. He was the Senior Research Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford and Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics. A student of James Meade, Atkinson virtually single-handedly established the modern British field of inequality and poverty studies. He worked on inequality and poverty for over four decades.

Atkinson died on 1 January 2017 from multiple myeloma in Oxford, England, aged 72.

References

1944 births
2017 deaths
British economists
Welsh writers
Academics of the University of London
Hilarion Capucci (2 March 1922 – 1 January 2017) was a Syrian Catholic bishop. He served as the titular archbishop of Caesarea in the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. He was born in Aleppo, Syria. During his time in office, he was a critic of Israel, showing support with the Palestinians.

On 20 July 1947, he was ordained a priest of the Basilian Alepian Order. On 30 July 1965, he was appointed archbishop and consecrated.

On 1 January 2017, the Vatican announced that Capucci had died in Rome, aged 94.

References

Other websites

 Grzegorz Ignatowski, The arrest of Hilarion Capucci and the relations between the Holy See and the State of Israel 

1922 births
2017 deaths
Archbishops
Syrian Christian bishops
Guillermo Enrique Morales Portillo, better known as Memo Morales (6 April 1937 – 1 January 2017) was a Venezuelan singer also known as El Gitano Maracucho. He was the voice main of important orchestras of the country. 

In 1981, he founded, with Luisín Landaez, La Nuestra, and in 1984, with Cheo García, created La Gran Orquesta de Cheo y Memo. They performed together until Garcia's death in 1994.

Morales died on 1 January 2017 in Caracas, Venezuela from a heart attack, aged 79.

References

1937 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Venezuelan singers
Uzlomac is a long mountain in Central Bosnia,  Bosnia and Herzegovina,  east from line direction Maslovare –  Vrbanjci – Kotor Varoš – Čelinac. It stretches in  southeast – northwest direction, through the mountainous area, from Kruševica river to Jošavka. Its maximum altitude is . 

On Uzlomac rise many tributaries of Vrbanja river, Usora and Ukrina, i.e. tributaries of  Vrbas and Bosna (river) confluences.

Related pages 
Vrbanjci
Kotor Varoš
Čelinac
Vrbanja river
Bosanka (river)
Jezerka

References 

Mountains of Europe
Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yaakov Neeman (‎ , 16 September 1939 – 1 January 2017) was an Israeli lawyer and academic. He was born in Tel Aviv. Neeman served as Minister of Justice in 1996 and again from 2009 through 2013. He also served as Minister of Finance from 1997 through 1998.

He was also professor of law at the Bar-Ilan University.

Neeman died on 1 January 2017 in Jerusalem, aged 77.

References

Other websites

Herzog, Fox & Neeman
Knesset Website

1939 births
2017 deaths
Government ministers of Israel
Academics of Bar-Ilan University
Lawyers from Tel Aviv
Jewish Israeli politicians
Politicians from Tel Aviv
"Get Dumb" is a 2007 single by Swedish DJs Axwell, Steve Angello and Sebastian Ingrosso (later known as Swedish House Mafia) along with Dutch DJ Laidback Luke. The song was also the first ever collaboration by the Swedish trio before their formation as a supergroup.

Track listing

Credits
 Produced at Groove Motel, Stockholm
 Vocals – Sebastian Ingrosso
 Drums – Axwell
 Keyboards – Steve Angello
 Percussion – Laidback Luke
 Label: Big & Dirty

Charts

References

Other websites
 

2007 songs
Small-cell carcinoma (also known as "small-cell lung cancer", or "oat-cell carcinoma") is a type of highly malignant cancer that most commonly arises within the lung, although it can occasionally arise in other body sites, such as the cervix, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract. Small cell carcinoma has a shorter doubling time, higher growth fraction, and earlier development of metastases compared to a non-small cell carcinoma.

References

Cancer
Ciarán Hinds (  ; born 9 February 1953) is an Irish movie, television and stage actor. 

He is known for his roles in Road to Perdition, The Sum of All Fears, The Phantom of the Opera, Munich, There Will Be Blood, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, The Woman in Black, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance and Frozen. He played Steppenwolf, in the 2017 movie Justice League and its director's cut in 2021. 

In 2022, Hinds was nominated for an Academy Award for his role in Belfast.

References

Other websites

 
 Website dedicated to his works on stage and screen
 Youthaction.org Northern Ireland Organization Supported by Hinds

1953 births
Living people
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish stage actors
Actors from Belfast
Olivia [ oh-liv-ee-uh ] is a female given name in English. It is derived from the Latin word olive. Olivia is a stunning appellation that has been on the rise in popularity in recent times. This name has a profound legacy and a significant connotation. Its Latin roots reveal that Olivia signifies "olive tree", which is a symbol of serenity, intelligence, and affluence. For centuries, the olive tree has been adored for its splendor and practicality. It dates back to the 13th century. Many people think the name was first used by William Shakespeare for a character in Twelfth Night. This name was ranked #1 on the US Popular Female Names in 2021.
People 
 Olivia Newton-John, British-Australian singer (1948–2022)
 Olivia de Havilland, British and American actress (1916–2020)
 Olivia Munn, American actress, comedian, television personality and author
 Olivia Thirlby, American actress
 Olivia Rodrigo, American singer (born 2003)
 Olivia Jordan, American model
 Olivia Baril, Canadian cyclist
 Olivia Wilde, American actress, film director and producer
 Olivia Hooker, psychologist and professor (1915-2018)

References

Given names
Wonder Woman is an American superhero movie. It is based on the DC Comics character Wonder Woman. It is distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.

Background
The movie is intended to be the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe. The movie is directed by Patty Jenkins, written by Allan Heinberg, Geoff Johns and Patty Jenkins, and from a story by Heinberg and Zack Snyder. Principal photography began in late November 2015 and wrapped in May 2016. Wonder Woman was released on June 2, 2017 in the United States, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D.
Cast
 Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince
 An Amazonian princess and main hero of the movie
 Chris Pine as Steve Trevor
 Wonder Woman's love interest and fighter pilot for the United States Military
 Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta
 The Queen of the Amazons and the mother of Wonder Woman
 David Thewlis as Ares
 The main antagonist of the movie. The evil son of Zeus based on the Greek mythological god of War who pretends to be Sir Patrick Morgan
 Robin Wright as General Antiope
 The sister of Hippolyta and Wonder Woman's aunt
 Lucy Davis as Etta Candy
 Steve Trevor's best friend and secretary 
 Lisa Loven Kongsli as Menalippe 
 Antiope's lieutenant 
 Danny Huston as General Erich Ludendorff
 General of the German Army
 Elena Anaya as Doctor Poison
 A mad scientist known for her works about poison and works with Gen. Ludendorff 
 Ewen Bremner as Charlie
 Drunk sharpshooter and friend of Steve Trevor
 Saïd Taghmaoui as Sameer
 A Turkish spy who is friends with Steve Trevor

Awards
Awards

Records
The movie set many box office records, including becoming the highest-grossing movie directed by a woman, the biggest domestic opening for a movie directed by a woman, the highest-grossing superhero origin movie domestically, the largest opening for a female-led comic book movie.

Sequel

At the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, Warner Bros. officially announced a sequel would be released on December 13, 2019, and would be titled Wonder Woman 1984; the date was later moved up to November 1, 2019, to avoid competition with Star Wars: Episode IX.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

2017 action movies
Warner Bros. movies
American superhero movies
2010s American action movies
DC Extended Universe movies
2010s superhero movies
Wonder Woman movies
2010s feminist movies
Movies set on islands
Movies set in London
Movies set in France
Movies set in Germany
Movies set in Turkey
Movies directed by Patty Jenkins
Muriel is a female given name in the English language. It is also a family name. The name has been around for a long time in Breton, Celtic, Irish and Scottish Gaelic languages. The name was common in medieval England, often formatted as Merial. Usage of Muriel peaked in the early 1920s. Use of the name has steadily declined over time. Muriel is a beautiful name that has been around for centuries. It is a name that has a rich history and a deep meaning. The name Muriel has its roots in Gaelic and means "bright sea." It is a name that is associated with beauty, grace, and strength.  The pronunciation of the name is [ myoor-ee-uhl ].  This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

People
People 

 Alma Muriel, Mexican actress (1951-2014)
 Muriel Pavlow, British actress (1921-2019)
 Muriel Rukeyser, poet and political activist
 Muriel Bowser, American politician and member of the Democratic Party currently serving as the eighth Mayor of the District of Columbia
 Muriel Marland-Militello, French politician (1943-2021)

References

Surnames
Given names
Emmanuel Niyonkuru (20 July 1962 – 1 January 2017) was a Burundian politician. He was appointed to the Government of Burundi as Minister of Water and Environment in 2015, after having been elected as a senator for the district of Muramvya. He was born in the Commune of Rutegama, Burundi.

Niyonkuru was assassinated by gunshot in the capital city of Bujumbura on 1 January 2016, aged 54. A woman was reportedly arrested.

References

1962 births
2017 deaths
Deaths by firearm
Burundian politicians
Assassinated people
African businesspeople
Joseph Anthony Califano Jr. (born May 15, 1931) is a retired American politician. He served as United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1977 through 1979 under the Jimmy Carter administration. He is the founder and chairman of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASAColumbia), an evidence-based research organization.

He is one of two living former Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare (the other is his predecessor, F. David Mathews).

He has been Adjunct Professor of Public Health (Health Policy and Management) at Columbia University Medical School (Department of Psychiatry) and School of Public Health and is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.

Other websites
 Biography at protectthetruth.org 
 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASAColumbia)
 NNDB biographical article
 Oral History Interview with Joseph Califano from Oral Histories of the American South
Booknotes interview with Califano on Inside: A Public and Private Life, May 23, 2004. 

1931 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare
Politicians from New York City
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Usora is left tributary of the Bosnia in central Bosnia. The total length of the river Usora – from sources below the top of the mountain Očauš to the mouth above the Doboj  is about 82 kilometers. The town of Teslić, through which it flows, bears the  local name Velika Usora (Great Usora), since under the city at a place called Sastavci meets with his same named, but a lot less left tributary Mala Usora (Little Usora). It  also comes from the mountain masiff Uzlomac – Borja – Očauš below it in smaller distances rises more Bosnia river and their tributaries, as well as the basin Vrbanja river and Ukrina. In its upper reaches, the river makes a wide loop around Borja, from its southwest to northeast slopes.
Great Usora created by merging Gomjenice and Brkića stream. Small Usora springs below (south) of the main road M-4 (Banja Luka – Matuzići, some 10 km west of Pribinić). Before Sastavci locality, right tributary to it are: Mišića rijeka, Great Ostružnja, Inova , Miljkovača, Velika rijeka (Great river), Brezna  and smaller streams, as well as left: Rankovića rijeka, and Gračanica.

In much of the flow Ukrina is flooding  river but the increasingly frequent flooding causes significant damages.

In the early Bosnian history Usora belonged to  gold-bearing river, and it is believed that this is still in its upper course along with the many large and small tributaries and streams. Obvious hydro-energy potential Usora is permanently unused, and fish stocks almost negligible, especially if one takes into account the centuries-old discharging untreated waste industrial water Chemical Distillation of wood in Teslić.

Related pages
Uzlomac

References

Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Echinodon is a genus of Heterodontosaur dinosaur. It has been found in the Lower Cretaceous of Europe, 140 million years ago.  

Saurechinodon is a synonym of this genus.

Heterodontosaurs
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Gemiliano "Mel" Campos Lopez, Jr. (1 September 1935 – 1 January 2017) was a Filipino politician. He served as the Mayor of Manila from 1986 to 1987 and 1988 to 1992. He was also an assemblyman of the Batasang Pambansa (former parliament of the Philippines) from 1984 to 1986. He was born in Manila.

Lopez died from a heart attack on 1 January 2017 in Quezon City. He was 81.

References

1935 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mayors of Manila
Megalosauridae is a monophyletic family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs in the order Megalosauroidea. They appeared in the Middle Jurassic, 

They are closely related to the family Spinosauridae. Some members of this family include Megalosaurus, Torvosaurus, Eustreptospondylus, and Afrovenator. 

Megalosaurids were among the first major adaptive radiations of large theropod dinosaurs, but they became extinct by the end of the Jurassic period. They were a relatively primitive group of basal tetanurans with two main subfamilies, Megalosaurinae and Afrovenatorinae. 

The basal genus Eustreptospondylus differs from both subfamilies. Its position is unclear

References 

Megalosauridae
François Chérèque (1 June 1956 – 2 January 2017) was a French trade unionist. He was the leader of the trade union centre French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT, ) from 2002 to 2012. He was born in Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle.

Chérèque died from leukaemia on 2 January 2017 at the age of 60.

References

1956 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from leukemia
People from Nancy
Trade unionists
Squash (also called cordial or dilute) is a non-alcoholic concentrated syrup. It is used in beverage making.  It is usually fruit-flavoured. Squash is made from fruit juice, water, and sugar. Modern squashes may also contain food coloring and additional flavoring. Some traditional squashes contain herbal extracts, most notably elderflower and ginger. The original name for Squash was "Lemon Squash" but the name was shortened to include other flavors.

References 

Soft drinks
Viktor Grigoryevich Tsaryov (; 2 June 1931 – 2 January 2017) was a Russian footballer. He played professionally from 1954 to 1966. He was best known for playing as a midfielder for Dynamo Moscow. He later managed the USSR football team and Dynamo Moscow. He was born in Moscow.

Tsaryov died on 2 January 2017 in Moscow at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
 Viktor Tsaryov at rusteam.permian.ru 

1931 births
2017 deaths
Russian footballers
Sportspeople from Moscow
Soviet footballers
Bogdan Romuald Tuszyński (4 July 1932 – 1 January 2017) was a Polish sports journalist, reporter and historian. He was best known for his sports report Studio S-13 of the Polskie Radio, beginning in 1970. He started his job as an editor of Przegląd Sportowy (1951–1952). He later moved to Polskie Radio in 1953, leaving them in 1981. He also reported on the Peace Race every year. He published about thirty books between 1975 and 2009.  

Tuszyński was born in Łódź. His daughter, Agata Tuszyńska (born 1957), also became a journalist.

Tuszyński died after a long illness on 1 January 2017 in Warsaw. He was 84.

References

1932 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish historians
Polish journalists
People from Łódź
Polish writers
A lateen (from French latine, meaning "Latin") or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast. It runs in a fore-and-aft direction.

Dating back to Roman navigation, the lateen became the favorite sail of the Age of Discovery. This was mainly because it allowed a boat to tack "against the wind". It is common in the Mediterranean, the upper Nile River, and the northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean. It is the standard rig for feluccas and dhows. Another form is used on small recreational boats like the Sailfish and Sunfish.
Operation 
A square sail is a very simple device. It catches a following wind and pushes the vessel forward. The lateen sail is more complex. It is set at an angle to the wind. It works by creating a difference in air pressure between the two sides (concave and convex) of the sail. This is the same way a fore-and-aft sail works. This is why the lateen sail is considered the ancestor of the fore-and-aft sail. The advantages of the lateen sail is that it is effective in lighter winds. It causes less drag and so is more efficient. It allows the vessel to sail much "closer to the wind" (meaning it can sail at up to about 45 degrees into the wind). This made the lateen sail a very important invention.

Development
Development 

The lateen sail did not directly come from the square sail. There was an intermediate sail type called the lug sail. It was one of the earliest fore-and-aft rigs. It was developed for use on the Indian Ocean. Sailors knew that the wind does not always come from behind the vessel. They learned that the square sail could be made more efficient by turning it on the mast so it remained at a right angle to the wind. When used with a keel and some form of steering, it provided more options. Instead of simply sailing downwind, the vessel could move in different directions relative to the direction of the wind. If the wind came from the beam (side of the ship), rotating the sail became less effective. But, if the luff (edge of the sail) was pointed into the wind and kept taut, the sail would provide forward movement.  This could be made more effective if the yard (or spar) holding the sail is sloped downward into the wind. From this discovery came the lug, then the lateen.

History
History 

In ancient history the square sail was used in the Mediterranean. It was used on seagoing ships of the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. In Northern Europe at this time, they only used the square sail. This was even after the ships in the Mediterranean were using the triangular lateen sails.

The 15th and 16th century caravel was a favorite type of ship used in the Portuguese and Spanish voyages of discovery. In addition to their distinctive single sterncastle, they carried lateen sails. During this time the caravel developed into a very fast and highly maneuverable ship. Two of Christopher Columbus's ships, the Niña and the Pinta were caravels. He repeatedly praised the Niña as his fastest and favorite ship.

References

Other websites 
 Lateen sailing; YouTube

Sailing ships
John Peter Berger (5 November 1926 – 2 January 2017) was an English art critic, novelist, painter and poet. 

Berger was born in Hackney, London, England. He was the son of Miriam (nee Branson) and Stanley Berger. Berger served in the British Army from 1944 to 1946. He studied at the Chelsea School of Art and the Central School of Art in London.
 He lived in France for over 50 years.

Berger's novel G. won the 1972 Booker Prize. He wrote an essay on art criticism, Ways of Seeing. The essay was written as an accompaniment to a BBC series. It is often used as a university text.

Berger died on 2 January 2017 in Paris at the age of 90.

References

Booker Prize winners
1926 births
2017 deaths
Artists from London
English painters
English poets
People from Hackney
Tacking maneuver 
In order to tack a boat moving into the wind, some speed is necessary. If too much time is taken in completing the tack, the forward momentum will be lost and the boat may move backwards. If a sailboat is caught going directly into the wind, it is called "in irons." This stops all forward motion of the boat. A tacking maneuver is a basic skill that is learned with practice. The maneuver also is different in a single person small sailboat than in a 40 or 50 foot racing sailboat.

Beating 

Beating is the procedure by which a ship moves on a zig-zag course to make progress directly into the wind (upwind). No sailing vessel can move directly into the wind (though that may be the desired direction). Beating allows the vessel to advance indirectly upwind.
A ship that is beating will sail as "close to the wind" as possible. This position is known as close hauled. In general, the closest angle to the wind that a ship can sail is around 35 to 45 degrees. Some modern yachts can sail very near to the wind, while older ships, especially square-rigged ships, cannot sail very close to the wind.

See also 

 Wing on wing

References

Other websites 
 How to Sail a Boat : Coming About or Tacking; YouTube

Sailing
The Lego Ninjago Movie is an American-Danish 3D computer-animated action comedy adventure martial arts movie. It is directed by Charlie Bean and written by Dan Hageman, Kevin Hageman, Kevin Chesley and Bryan Shukoff. The movie was released in the United States on September 22, 2017 through Warner Bros. and starts the voices of  Jackie Chan, Dave Franco, Olivia Munn, Justin Theroux, Zach Woods, Kumail Ninjiani, Abbi Jacobson, Fred Armisen and Michael Pena. It is the second spin-off of the 2014 movie The Lego Movie.

Plot 
Six young ninjas are tasked to defend their home island Ninjago. By night, they are warriors and use their skills and vehicles to fight against villains and monsters. By they are ordinary teenagers struggling against their greatest enemy: high school.

References
References

2017 action movies
2017 comedy movies
2017 animated movies
English-language movies
Lego
Lego movies
2010s action comedy movies
2017 adventure movies
American action comedy movies
American animated movies
American adventure movies
Danish action movies
Danish adventure movies
Danish comedy movies
Computer-animated movies
The Lego Movie (franchise)
Warner Animation Group movies
Warner Bros. Animation movies
Warner Bros. movies
Prequel movies
Derek Parfit (11 December 1942 – 1 January 2017) was a British philosopher. He specialized in problems of personal identity, rationality, ethics, and the relations among them.

Early life
Parfit was born in Chengdu, China. His parents, Jessie and Norman Parfit, were British medical doctors who moved to Western China. After a year in China, Parfit moved to Oxford, England where he was raised. He studied at the University of Oxford.

Career
Parfit's 1984 book Reasons and Persons has been very well known to other philosophers. His last book, On What Matters (2011), was widely published and discussed for many years before its publication.
Parfit worked at Oxford University for all of his academic career. He was an Emeritus Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. He was also a visiting professor of philosophy at New York University, Harvard University, and Rutgers University. He was awarded the 2014 Rolf Schock Prize "for his groundbreaking contributions concerning personal identity, regard for future generations, and analysis of the structure of moral theories."

Personal life
Parfit was an experienced photographer and a poet. He was married to the philosopher Janet Radcliffe Richards.

Parfit died in London, England on 1 January 2017, aged 74.

References

Other websites
Profile, All Souls College, Oxford 
Derek Parfit: a bibliography. A complete bibliography of writings.
Parfit's Climbing the Mountain reading group on PEA Soup
A Small Amount of Biographical Information

1942 births
2017 deaths
British philosophers
Academics of the University of Oxford
In the battle of Austerlitz,   Napoleon Bonaparte  fought Russian and Austrian troops. The battle took place near Austerlitz (now in the Czech Republic) in 1805. Napoleon’s big victory let him create the Confederation of the Rhine. The book War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy contains a detailed description of the battle.

References

Battles involving France
1800s in Europe
1805
South Moravian Region
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or just Rogue One) is an American science fiction movie. It was released worldwide in December 2016. A Lucasfilm movie, it is directed by Gareth Edwards. It was written by Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy with the story by John Knoll and Gary Whitta. The film stars Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker.

It is the first movie in the Star Wars anthology series. The story follows Jyn Erso, daughter of the unwilling designer of the Galactic Empire's super-weapon the Death Star. Her mission is to get the diagram so it can be destroyed.

Release Dates
James Dyer of Empire Magazine gave the film 4 stars, saying "The ultimate Star Wars fan film, it's short on whimsy but when it gets going there's enough risk-taking and spectacle to bode well for future standalones". Amy Nicholson of MTV gave the film a C-, saying "Audiences once packed theaters to gawk at the future; now, it's to soak in the past. The emphasis is on packing in as much nostalgia as possible and tersely editing it together to resemble a film". IGN's Eric Goldman gave the film a 9/10, stating "The film offers a remarkable recreation of the original Star Wars' world, while exploring this universe from a different, edgier perspective than is the norm". Matthew Pejkovic of Matt's Movie Reviews scored the film a 4/5, saying "Earns its intergalactic stripes as a Star Wars spin-off of visual gumption and gritty action filmmaking, securing its place as the glue between trilogies in this ever expanding space saga"
. Mark Dujsik of Mark Reviews Movies gave the film a 2/4, stating "We're used to the characters in this series existing primarily as archetypes. The characters here, though, barely qualify as archetypes".
References

Other websites
  at 
 
 Rogue One The Movie Database

2016 science fiction movies
American epic movies
American sequel movies
Prequel movies
Movie spin-offs
Star Wars movies
Richard John "Mack" Machowicz (May 30, 1965 – January 2, 2017) was an American television presenter and Navy SEAL. He was the host of the Discovery Channel and Military Channel show Future Weapons. He also was a member of the Spike series Deadliest Warrior. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Machowicz was diagnosed with brain cancer in 2015. His condition got worse in December 2016. He died on January 2, 2017 in Pearland, Texas at the age of 51.

References

Other websites

 

1965 births
2017 deaths
American martial artists
Military people from Michigan
American television personalities
Cancer deaths in Texas
Deaths from brain cancer
People from Detroit
Alfonso Wong (, 1925 – 1 January 2017) was a Hong Kong manhua artist. He also wrote under the pen name "Wong Chak" (), which is his son's name. He created the comic strip Old Master Q (Lao Fu Zi), which has been published since 1962. He was born in Tianjin, China and moved to Hong Kong in 1960. He had six sons.

Wong died from organ failure on 1 January 2017 in California, United States. He was 91.

References

1925 births
2017 deaths
Comics artists
Comics writers
Chinese writers
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Disease-related deaths in California
Hong Kong people
Granny ( – ), also known by scientific name J2, was an orca, or killer whale. With an age of about 105, Granny was the oldest orca humans know of to ever live. She was first captured in 1967 with a group of orcas. However, she was believed to be too old for public aquariums and was released.

In January 2017, it was announced that researchers considered Granny dead. She had last been seen on October 12, 2016.

References

1910s births
2017 deaths
Whales
Individual animals
Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne (Oscar Carl Olof; born 2 March 2016) is the second child and only son of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden. His older sister is Princess Estelle.

Titles and styles and Honors 
 2 March 2016 – present: His Royal Highness Prince Oscar Carl Olof of Sweden, Duke of Skåne
 Honors
 Knight of the Order of Charles XIII (since birth, 2 March 2016)
 Knight and Commander of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (christening, 27 May 2016)
(Swedish: Hans Kunglig Höghet Oscar, Prins av Sverige, Hertig av Skåne)

2016 births
Living people
House of Bernadotte
Swedish royalty
The SOCATA MS.880 Rallye is a French light aircraft used by civilian and military users. It's first mission is training.

History 
It was create by Morane-Saulnier and after built by SOCATA. A military light attack version is known as Rallye 235 Guerrier.
Some were built under licence in Poland as PZL Koliber.

Aviation in France
Civil aircraft
Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Lithuanian Foray: A Nobleman's Tale from the Years of 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse (in Polish Pan Tadeusz, czyli ostatni zajazd na Litwie. Historia szlachecka z roku 1811 i 1812 we dwunastu księgach wierszem) is a long poem by Polish romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz. It is regarded as a national epic. It was first published in Paris in 1834. The poet was then in exile in France. Sir Thaddeus is a story of a conflict between two noble families, the Soplicas and the Horeszkos. The time is 1811 and 1812, shortly before Napoleon invaded Russia. When attacked by Russian soldiers, both families fought against the enemy. The conflict between the families was ended with the marriage of Thaddeus Soplica and Sophia Horeszko.

Adam Mickiewicz was born in the East of the former Polish-Lithuanian state. Because of that he called Lithuania his mother-country.
Litwo! Ojczyzno moja! ty jesteś jak zdrowie.
Ile cię trzeba cenić, ten tylko się dowie,
Kto cię stracił. Dziś piękność twą w całej ozdobie
Widzę i opisuję, bo tęsknię po tobie.

Lithuania, my country, thou art like health; how much thou shouldst be prized only he can learn who has
lost thee. To-day thy beauty in all its splendour I see and describe, for I yearn for thee. (Translation in prose by George Rapall Noyes).

The poem is written in 13-syllable metre, very common in Polish literature.

References

Bibliography 
 Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz; or The last foray in Lithuania; a story of life among Polish gentlefolk in the years 1811 and 1812, Translated from the Polish by George Rapall Noyes, London 1917.

Other websites 
 Full text of the poem in Polish

Epic poems
1830s poems
Polish literature
Charles Joseph Colgan (September 25, 1926 – January 3, 2017) was an American politician and businessman. He served as a member of the Virginia Senate from the 29th district from January 1976 to January 2016. He also served two terms as President pro tempore from 2008 to 2012, and for less than four months in 2014.

Colgan was born in Frostburg, Maryland. He served in the U.S. Air Force (USAF) in 1945. He was married twice and had eight children.

Colgan died from a vascular illness on January 3, 2017 in Aldie, Virginia. He was 90.

References

1926 births
2017 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Businesspeople from Maryland
Businesspeople from Virginia
Politicians from Virginia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Maryland
Ivo Brešan (27 May 1936 – 3 January 2017) was a Croatian playwright, novelist and screenwriter. He was for known for political satire. He was on screen from the early 1970s to 2006. His work included Acting Hamlet in the Village of Mrdusa Donja (1973), How the War Started on My Island (1996) and Marshal Tito's Spirit (1999). He had written screenplays with his son Vinko Brešan.

Brešan was born in Vodice. In 2001, he was awarded the Vladimir Nazor Award for Life Achievement in Literature

Brešan died on 3 January 2017 in Zagreb at the age of 80.

References

Other websites
 

1936 births
2017 deaths
Croatian screenwriters
European novelists
Playwrights
Yugoslavian writers
Rolf Noskwith (19 June 1919 – 3 January 2017) was a British businessman. During the Second World War, he worked under Alan Turing as a cryptographer at the British military base Bletchley Park in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.

Noskwith was born in Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany. His parents were Eastern European-born Jews. He moved with his family to England in 1932. He was educated at Cambridge.

Noskwith died on 3 January 2017 in London at the age of 97.

References

1919 births
2017 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British businesspeople
British Jews
German Jews
Jewish businesspeople
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
People from Chemnitz
A halal snack pack, or HSP, is a dish that comes from Australia. It is made up of halal-certified doner kebab meat (mainly lamb, chicken or beef), chips, sauces (mainly chili, garlic and barbecue sauces) and often cheese. The exact origin of the halal snack pack is unknown. Halal snack packs have become more popular since 2015, when the Facebook group "Halal Snack Pack Appreciation Society" was created.

References

Fast food

Australian food