Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Mahmoud Riad () (January 8, 1917 – January 25, 1992) was an Egyptian diplomat.  He was Egyptian ambassador to United Nations from 1962 to 1964, Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1964 to 1972, and Secretary-General of the League of Arab States from 1972 to 1979.

Honour

Foreign honour
  : Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (1965)

References

1917 births
1992 deaths
Egyptian politicians
Secretaries General of the Arab League
People from Cairo
Chedli Klibi (الشاذلي القليبي), (September 6, 1925 – May 13, 2020) was a Tunisian politician. He was Secretary General of the Arab League from March 1979 to September 1990. He was the only non-Egyptian to become Secretary-General.

Klibi became the Tunisian Minister of Cultural Affairs (1961 - 1970, 1971 - 1973, 1976 - 1978) under the chairmanship of Habib Bourguiba, then chief of staff to the president from 1974 to 1976 before being Minister of Information from 1978 to 1979. He also was mayor of Carthage from 1963 to 1990.

Klibi died in Tunis on May 13, 2020, aged 94.

References

Other websites
"Danger of division, Humanity, September 5 1990

1925 births
Secretaries General of the Arab League
2020 deaths
Politicians from Tunis
Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid (‎; 22 March 1923 – 21 December 2013) was an Egyptian diplomat. He was the Foreign Minister of Egypt between 1984 and 1991, and as the Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1991 until 2001.

He died in Cairo on 21 December 2013, at the age of 90.

References

1923 births
2013 deaths
Secretaries General of the Arab League
Ambassadors of Egypt
People from Cairo
Amr Moussa (, , Amr Muhammad Moussa; born 3 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat. He was the Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1 June 2001 to 1 June 2011.

Moussa worked in the government of Egypt as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 2001. On 8 September 2013, he was elected president of the committee of 50 that will amend the Egyptian constitution.

References

Other websites
 Amre Moussa Presidential Campaign Website  (Arabic)
 Amre Moussa Official Facebook Page  (Arabic)
 Secretary-General at League of Arab States (Arabic)
 

Living people
1936 births
Secretaries General of the Arab League
Ambassadors of Egypt
Cairo University alumni
The Kingdom of Egypt ( , "the Egyptian Kingdom") was the de jure independent Egyptian state created under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1922.

The kingdom was created after the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom. Until the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, the Kingdom was only somewhat independent, since the British had control of foreign relations, communications, the military and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 

Between 1936 and 1952, the British continued to have military presence and political advisers, at a reduced level.

The kingdom was known for corruption. This led to the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 by the Free Officers Movement. In 1953 the monarchy was formally abolished and the Republic of Egypt was established. 

The legal status of Sudan was only resolved in 1954, when Egypt and Britain agreed that it should be granted independence in 1956.

References

Other websites
 Tignore, Robert L. Egypt: A Short History (2011) online 

History of Egypt
Former countries in Africa
Ahmed Aboul Gheit (, also: Abu al-Ghayt, Abu El Gheyt, etc.) (born 12 June 1942) is an Egyptian diplomat. He is the 8th and current Secretary-General of the Arab League since July 2016.

Career 
Aboul-Gheit was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Egypt from 11 July 2004 to 6 March 2011. He was Egypt's Permanent Representative to the United Nations.

References

1942 births
Living people
Secretaries General of the Arab League
Ambassadors of Egypt
Ambassadors to the United Nations
Politicians from Cairo
Writers from Cairo
Ain Shams University alumni
Ronald Leslie Moore  (8 March 1933 – 18 August 2018) was an Australian-born New Zealand international speedway rider. He won the Individual World Speedway Championship twice, in 1954 and 1959. 

Moore was born in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. He died on 18 August 2018 from lung cancer at age 85.

References

Other websites 
 

1933 births
2018 deaths
Speedway riders‎
New Zealand motorcycle racers
Sportspeople from Tasmania
People from Hobart
Barry Briggs MBE (born 30 December 1934) is a former Speedway rider. He was born in Christchurch, New Zealand. He won the World Individual Championship title four times – in 1957, 1958, 1964 and 1966. He appeared in a record 17 consecutive World Individual finals (1954–70).

Briggs retired from British league racing in 1972 after an accident, but returned in 1974, then announcing in 1975 that this would be his last season yet retired in 1976.

In 1973 Briggs was awarded an MBE for his services to sport and in 1990 he was added into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites
New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame 

1934 births
Living people
New Zealand motorcycle racers
Speedway riders
The Ed Sullivan Show was an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to June 6, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. The show was originally known as Toast Of The Town in the 1940s and in the 1950s. 

The Ed Sullivan Show was known for introducing and giving a bigger name for acts such as Elvis Presley, The Jackson 5, and more infamously, The Beatles.

It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie.

In 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked #15 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.

References

CBS network shows
English-language television programs
A rotten borough, was a type of parliamentary borough in the UK, before the Reform Act 1832. 

It had a very small electorate and could be used by its "owner" or patron to get a seat in Parliament in the House of Commons without any opposition. The same terms were used for similar boroughs in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.

Old Sarum in Wiltshire (pictured) was the most notorious pocket borough. It was owned by the Pitt family from the mid-17th century until 1802. One of its Members of Parliament was Prime Minister William Pitt the Elder. In 1802 the Pitt family sold it for £60,000, much more than the land itself was worth.

An even more striking example was Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, who controlled eleven boroughs. The Reform Act of 1832 put an end to this sort of thing.

Notes 

Politics of the United Kingdom
Jack Costanzo (September 24, 1919 – August 18, 2018) was an American percussionist, dancer, composer, bandleader and actor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Costanzo was known for his works with Marlon Brando, Rita Moreno and for his appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show. Costanzo formed his own band in the 1950s which recorded and toured internationally. 

Costanzo died of complications from an aneurysm at his home in Lakeside, California on August 18, 2018, aged 98.

References

Other websites
[ Jack Costanzo] at Allmusic.com
 

1919 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from aneurysm
American composers
American bandleaders
American television actors
American dancers
Musicians from Chicago
Actors from Chicago
Lakeside is a census designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California.  The population was 21,152 at the 2020 census. It is located near San Diego, California.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in San Diego County, California
Sir Peter Hannay Bailey Tapsell (1 February 1930 – 18 August 2018) was a British Conservative Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Louth and Horncastle. He was born in Hove, Sussex, England.

Tapsell was in the House of Commons from 1966 until 2015 and was also an MP from 1959 to 1964. He was Father of the House between 2010 and 2015.

Tapsell died on 18 August 2018, age 88.

References

1930 births
2018 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Politicians from Sussex
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Bazlur Rahman Badal (1921/1922 – 19 August 2018) was a Bangladeshi dancer. He was awarded Shilpakala Padak in 2014 and Independence Day Award in 2017. He was known for his dances inspired from the poem Bidrohi of Kazi Nazrul Islam. 

Badal died on 19 August 2018 in Rajshahi, Bangladesh of pneumonia complicated from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 95.

References

1920s births
2018 deaths
Bangladeshi entertainers
Dancers
People from Rajshahi Division
Pope Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514 and succeeded by Pope Hormisdas. Symmachus is Born in Sardinia, Vandal Kingdom. His birth date is unknown. He died in 514 and he is Saint of the Catholic Church. His Feast day is on July 19.

Other websites 

Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope St. Symmachus (498–514) (1913).

5th-century births
510s deaths
Italian popes
Christian saints
People from Sardinia
Year of birth unknown
Rafael Calventi Gaviño (18 March 1932 - 19 August 2018) was a Dominican architect and diplomat. He was born in La Vega, Dominica. In 1996 he joined the Dominican diplomatic corps and was the ambassador to Italy, Mexico, Argentina and Germany.

Calventi was deputy Director of the Office of the National District of Urban Planning and Design Chief of the Directorate of Buildings in the Ministry of Public Works and Communications of the Dominican Republic (SEOPEC).

Calventi was the first director of the Dominican School of Architecture, between 1966 and 1968. There he was a professor of Architectural Composition and Theory of Architecture. He was also one of the founders of the Technological Institute of Santo Domingo (INTEC) in the 1972.

Calventi died in Berlin on 19 August 2018 from a heart attack, aged 86.

References

1932 births
2018 deaths
Dominican Republic politicians
Architects
Ambassadors
Dominican Republic academics
Seymour Myron "Sy" Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American journalist and political writer. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He is a longtime contributor to The New Yorker and has also written for the London Review of Books since 2013.

He won the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. During the 1970s, Hersh covered Watergate for The New York Times. In 2004, he received the George Orwell Award.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Ubben Lecture at DePauw University; December 9, 1997
 Seymour Hersh Interviewed by Mehdi Hasan
 "Current State of Investigating Reporting", talk given at BU, May 19 2009

Pulitzer Prize winners
1937 births
Living people
American war correspondents
American political writers
Journalists from Chicago
Filippo Grandi (born 1957) is an Italian diplomat. Between 2010 and 2014, he was Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

On November 11, 2015, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced his plans to appoint Grandi as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to take office in 2016.

References

1957 births
Living people
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
Italian politicians
People from Milan
Jean-Pierre Hocké (born 31 March 1938, deceased  28 July 2021) is a Swiss International Red Cross staff member  and United Nations official. He was born in Lausanne. He was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1986 to 1989. He was nominated by Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. Prior to that function he was Director of Operations of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) from 1973 to 1985 .

During his term of office, the crisis over refugees from Indochina, the so-called boatpeople, continued. The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Refugees from Indochina was  developed during this period. It  created procedural plans for a regional refugee status and the promotion of return to Vietnam for Vietnamese boat people not qualifying for refugee status He also helped plan out a peace process in Central America called the "CIREFCA Process".
At the end of his term, a scandal broke revealing that Hocké spent between $32,000 and $96,000 a year from Denmark's contribution on his entertainment and travel without informing the Danish Government or asking its permission. He resigned in 1989 under pressure from the scandal. The resignation came after Secretary-General de Cuellar Hocké that he could not remain in the post.

References

Other websites
 Jean-Pierre Hocké (1986–1989) Biography at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees website
 United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees (rulers.org)

1938 births
Living people
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
Swiss politicians
People from Lausanne‎
Poul Hartling (14 August 1914 – 30 April 2000) was a Danish diplomat and politician. He was born in Copenhagen. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Denmark from 1973 to 1975. He was also the 5th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1978 to 1985.

In 1981 Hartling accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the UNHCR.

Hartling died on 30 April 2000 in Copenhagen at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
 Hartling's gravestone

1914 births
2000 deaths
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
Prime Ministers of Denmark
Politicians from Copenhagen
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Tansen (c. 1500 – 26 April 1586), also known to as Tan Sen or Ramtanu, was a well known person of North Indian (Hindustani) classical music. He was born in a Hindu family in the historic city of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (The city known for its rich music heritage). He learned and perfected and mastered his art in the Gwalior region of modern Madhya Pradesh under Swami Haridas.  Tansen was the title given to him by Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior. He rose to fame and spent most of his adult life in the court and patronage of the Hindu king of Bandhavgarh (Rewa), Raja Ramchandra Singh (r.1555–1592). He became famous for his musical abilities and studies. Mughal Emperor Akbar sent messengers to Raja Ramchandra Singh , requesting Tansen to join the musicians at the Mughal court. In 1562, about the age of 60, the Vaishnava musician Tansen joined the Akbar court.
Tansen was a composer, musician and vocalist. He has been attributed for large number of compositions in northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. He was also an instrumentalist who made musical instruments better and popular. Akbar considered him as a Navaratnas (nine jewels). He gave him the title Mian in his honor, meaning learned man.

There are many legends about Tansen in Akbar court historian accounts and gharana literature. One of them says that he could bring down the rains with Raga Megh Malhar. It is also said that he could light lamps by performing Raga Deepak. Other legends talk about his ability to communicate with animals through his music. Once, a white elephant was captured, but it was wild and could not be controlled. Finally, Tansen sang to the elephant who calmed down and the emperor was able to ride him.

References 

1586 deaths
Indian musicians
Mughal Empire
Akbar
Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, KBE, KCSS (, ,  1933 –  2003) was an Iranian prince and diplomat. He was the son of Aga Khan III.

Khan was known as the 4th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1977. He helped shift the focus beyond Europe and prepared it for fix and aide hard refugee issues. He was a strong supporter that the United Nations should work alone.

Khan died of cancer on 12 May 2003 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 70.

References

1933 births
2003 deaths
Cancer deaths in Massachusetts
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
Princes and princesses
Iranian politicians
Politicians from Paris
The Prime Minister of the Netherlands () is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands. They are also the head of the Council of Ministers. 

The Prime Minister is de facto the head of government of the Netherlands and creates its policy with his cabinet. The current Dutch Prime Minister is Mark Rutte, in office since 2010.

Living former Prime Ministers
The most recent former Prime Minister to die was Wim Kok who served 1994–2002 and died on 20 October 2018 at the age of 80 years

References
Félix Schnyder (5 March 1910 – 8 November 1992) was a Swiss lawyer and diplomat. He was Chairman of UNICEF in 1960 and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1960 to 1965.

References

1910 births
1992 deaths
Swiss politicians
Swiss lawyers
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
August R. Lindt (5 August 1905 – 14 April 2000), also known as Auguste R. Lindt, was a Swiss lawyer and diplomat. He was Chairman of UNICEF from 1953 to 1954 and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1956 to 1960. He was an adviser to the President of Rwanda from 1973 to 1975.

References

Other websites
Rolf Wilhelm (ed.): August R. Lindt: Patriot und Weltbürger. Haupt Verlag, Bern 2003, .

United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
Swiss politicians
1905 births
2000 deaths
People from Bern
Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart (19 March 1901 – 8 July 1956) was a Dutch politician and diplomat. He was the first United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1951 to 1956.

Awards
Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 1949.
Nobel Peace Prize, 1954 (awarded to the UNHCR).
Wateler Peace Prize, 1956.

References

Other websites
Parlement.com (Parlementair Documentatie Centrum, Leiden University)

1901 births
1956 deaths
Dutch diplomats
Dutch journalists
Dutch people of World War II
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
Politicians from North Holland
Writers from North Holland
James McIlroy MBE (25 October 1931 – 20 August 2018) was a Northern Irish footballer. He was born in Lambeg, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. He made his international debut in 1951.

McIlroy played for Glentoran, Burnley, Stoke City and Oldham Athletic. He was thought of as one of the Burnley Football Club's greatest players. He played 497 matches and scoring 131 goals. He managed Oldham Athletic and Bolton Wanderers.

McIlroy died on 20 August 2018 at the age of 86.

References

1931 births
2018 deaths
Northern Irish footballers
Mulbagal or Mulabagilu is a town and taluk headquarters of Mulbagal taluk in the Kolar district in the state of Karnataka, India. It lies just off the National Highway 4 as the easternmost town of the state and a hill landmark.

History 
One legend describes how the Hanumantha temple here was installed by Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, after the Mahabharata war. Sage Vasishta is believed to have installed the idols of the main deity Srinivasa, Padmavati and Rama-Sita-Lakshmana.

The history of Mulbagal was compiled by Benjamin Lewis Rice, in his book "The Gazetteer of Mysore" (1887).

In modern history, Mulbagal is mentioned as the site of the Battle of Mulbagal on 4 October 1768, during the First Anglo-Mysore War.
The name of the town “Mulbagal” comes from the Kannada word “Mudala Bagilu” which means the eastern door. First place in Karnataka where the sun rises. This town is located at the easternmost end of the Vijayanagara Empire. Many temples constructed by Vijayanagara rulers and Chola kings are seen here.

Geography 
Mulbagal is at . It has an average elevation of 827 metres (2,713 feet).
Economy 
The major sources of employment are in the agriculture, dairy, sericulture, floriculture and tourism-related industries. Farmers in Mulbagal are completely dependent upon borewell water for irrigation and drinking. Mulbagal is home to several famous temples, and is popularly known as the land of "Temple Places." Many transport and travel businesses set up their base here. Mulbagal has many sericuluture and vegetable trading markets, including potatoes, tomatoes (in Vadahalli), brinjal, beans, beetroot, carrots, chow-chow and cabbage. The state government of Karnataka acquired non-agriculture land for industrial development activities as part of an initial step the government proposed for a granite industries hub at Mulbagal taluk. Mulbagal is known for tobacco beedis. Many brands of beedis are produced and distributed to Karanataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Muslim community is largely engaged in this business.
Infrastructure 
Mulbagal is on NH-4, a newly-laid four-lane road from Bengaluru to Mulbagal Kolar district, with a total length of around 110 km. About 354 km of major roads connect other locations to this area. Indian Railways connectivity: Now, Mulbagal is getting a railway line and station under the project of Kadapa - Bangalore (Till Kolar) new railway line.

A pool of human resources is available as many polytechnic, vocational training (ITI), teacher training intuitions, and graduation (science, agriculture, commerce and arts) colleges are located near Mulbagal. Many IT and technical people who work in Bengaluru travel daily from Mulbagal to Bengaluru[citation needed] Adequate natural resources include granite and other types of rocks. The cost of living is less, and salary and wages are flexible.

Tourist attractions 
There are many hills for trekking.

Kshetra Palaka Sri Anjaneya Temple
Anjaneya Swamy Temple is in Mulbagal. Tired after epic war, Arjuna went on a pilgrimage and brought his flag used during war consisting of an image of Vayu Putra. He established this temple in Mulbagal, which was then called Shathaka Vatipuri.

Sripadarajamutt and Narasimha Thirtha

The Narasimha tirtha is about 2 km from the town of Mulbagal towards the east on NH-4. It is the sacred place where Sri Sreepadaraaja Swamiji, or simply Sripadaraja a disciple of Saint Madhwacharya lived and had his vrindavan (sacred resting place for Hindu sages) made. It is now the headquarters of the Sripadarajamutt that he founded. There is a Swayamvyakta Yoga Narasimha temple near the vrindavan.

Someshwara Temple

Apart from the famous Hanuman 9Temple, this town has a Poorna Prasidda Someshwara Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The childless couples pray here for a child by making pradhakshinas.

Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal
Mulbagal is also sacred for Muslims as the dargah or mausoleum of Sufi Saint Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal. Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal or Syed Shah Baba Hyder Auliya Hussaini Suharwardi was a 12th-century Sufi saint of Suharwardi order. He was the disciple of Tabr-e-Aalam Baadshah Nathar Vali, of Tirchy. Both Muslims and Hindus worship at the dargah. Urs of Baba Hyder-e-Safdar is celebrated every year on 11th of Rajab (according to the lunar calendar).

Virupakshi Swamy Temple

Sri Virupakshi Swamy Temple is in Virupakshi village about 4 km from Mulbagal. This temple was built in the 13th century by Vijayanagara rulers and resembles the Virupaksheshwara Temple in Hampi. One family has been doing the pooja here since the temple was constructed, and dates back about eight generations.
The mythology tells that the Virupaskha ling was installed by great sage Atri Maharshi, father of Shriguru Dattatreya.
The linga changes its color in 3 ways from sunrise to sunset.
The temple complex also has goddess Bagulamukhi or Bagalamukhi devi temple. As per tantra, Bagulamukhi is one of the devi's of Dashamahavidya. She is keeper of Brahmaastra. One of the most powerful goddesses and its rare to find temple of such. It is believed that King Vikramaaditya built the Bagulamukhi temple at Virupakshi.

Venugopala swamy temple, Gujjanahalli
Located 14 km far from Mulbagal, it is on the way to Srinivasapura. There is an ancient temple of venugopala swamy''' built in Chola style temple. Pilgrims can visit this temple.Garuda Temple and Sri Prasanna Chowdeshwari Temple, KoladeviGaruda Temple is one of the ancient epic Ramayana-related temples located at Koladevi 18 km from Mulbagal national highway, 19 km from Srinivaspur and 4 km from Mudianur.  It was built under the supervision of Sri Ramanujacharya, but only came to light recently. Sri Prasanna Chowdeshwari Temple is 300 years old.Kurudumale, Maha Ganapathi Temple and Someshwara TempleKurudumale, 8 km northwest from Mulbagal, is famous for Lord Ganapati Temple. The idol of Ganapati is made of a single "Shaligram rock" and is about 21 feet from ground level. The idol and temple are estimated to be 5,000 years old.Sri Varadaraja Swamy Temple, UttanurThe great Saint Brugu Maharshi have built a Sri Varadaraja Swamy temple in Uttanur or Uthanur. The Uttanur is a called as a Uttama Kanchi
. Every year in the day of Bharatha Hunime the Rathothsava will happening. It is importanat place for Saints for doing Japa Thapas. The Gangas build the Sri Uttameshwara Temple in Uttanur.Chowdeswaramma Temple, MandikalMandikal Chowdeswaramma temple is at least 1509 years old and popular for miracles, situated at a distance of 8 miles. Recently this temple has been renovated by devotees of nearing villages like, Mandikal, Koladevi, Gollahalli Harapanakana halli. Chowdeswaramma Dandakamu is famous chanting and one of ancient master piece of describing brave characters of mother Chamundi.Avani''
Known as the Gaya of the south, Avani has a cluster of Ramalingeshwara temple all within one courtyard dedicated to Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrugna as well as a Shankar Math built by the Nolamba dynasty. Legend has it, that the hill above was home to Valmiki’s ashram, where Lava & Kusha were born and raised. GUNIGANTIPALYA. Ranaberamma temple gunugantipalya, Gangamma temple gunigantipalya circle

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the town of Mulbagal 
Towns in Karnataka
Reggie Joiner (born August 20, 1960), is the CEO and founder of Orange, a division of The reThink Group, Inc. He is also one of the founders of North Point Community Church, where he served as the executive director of Family Ministry for 11 years.

Personal life 

Joiner lives in Cumming, Georgia with his wife Debbie, where they raised four children into adulthood: Reggie Paul, Hannah, Sarah, and Rebekah.

Authored books 
Lead Small: Five Big Ideas Every Small Group Leader Needs to Know. Orange, 2012. .
It's Just a Phase-So Don't Miss It: Why Every Life Stage of a Kid Matters and at Least 13 Things Your Church Should Do About It. Orange, 2015. 
A New Kind of Leader: What You Believe Can Open a Door for a Kid or Teenager's Future. Orange, 2016. .
Parenting Beyond Your Capacity: Connect Your Family to a Wider Community. Orange, 2015. .
Don't Miss It: Parent Every Week Like It Counts. Orange, 2016. .

References 

Penguin Random House

Other websites 
 Think Orange
1960 births
Christian religious leaders
American Christian writers
American Evangelicals
Living people
Writers from Atlanta
The SS Eastland was a passenger ship based in Chicago and used for tours on the Chicago River. On July 24, 1915, the ship rolled over onto her side while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. 

A total of 844 passengers and crew were killed in what was the largest loss of life from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.

After the disaster, Eastland was saved and sold to the United States Navy. After restorations and modifications, Eastland was designated a gunboat and renamed USS Wilmette. She was used primarily as a training vessel on the Great Lakes, and was scrapped after World War II.

References

History of Chicago
20th century in Chicago
Shipwrecks
Disasters in the United States
Gia Carangi (January 29, 1960 – November 18, 1986) was an American fashion model during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many people believe she was the first supermodel.

Modeling career 
Carangi was on the cover of fashion magazines, including many editions of Vogue and Cosmopolitan, and appeared in advertising campaigns for such fashion houses as Armani, Christian Dior, Versace, and Yves Saint Laurent.

Illness and death 
Carangi, a heroin addict, died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 26. She was one of the first famous women to die of the disease.

References

1960 births
1986 deaths
Deaths from AIDS
Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania
Models from Pennsylvania
People from Philadelphia
Louis Jolliet (September 21, 1645last seen May 1700) was a French-Canadian explorer. He was known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673. 

This journey would lead them to present-day Chicago River and discovered an area near a portage which would later be known as Chicago.

References

1645 births
1700 deaths
French explorers
People from Quebec City
Washington County is the name of several counties in the United States:

Washington County, Alabama
Washington County, Arkansas
Washington County, Colorado
Washington County, Florida
Washington County, Georgia
Washington County, Idaho
Washington County, Illinois
Washington County, Indiana
Washington County, Iowa
Washington County, Kansas
Washington County, Kentucky
Washington Parish, Louisiana
Washington County, Maine
Washington County, Maryland
Washington County, Minnesota
Washington County, Mississippi

Washington County, Missouri
Washington County, Nebraska
Washington County, New York
Washington County, North Carolina
Washington County, Ohio
Washington County, Oklahoma
Washington County, Oregon
Washington County, Pennsylvania
Washington County, Rhode Island
Washington County, Tennessee
Washington County, Texas
Washington County, Utah
Washington County, Vermont
Washington County, Virginia
Washington County, Wisconsin
The Chicago Portage is a water gap, and in the past, it was sometimes a wind-gap portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. 

The Chicago Portage cuts through the Valparaiso Moraine, crossing the Saint Lawrence River Divide. The saddle point of the gap is within the city of Chicago, and the Chicago Portage is a reason Chicago exists and has developed to become very important city that it is.

The official flag of the city of Chicago includes four red stars which represents city history, separating two blue stripes symbolizing the waters that meet at the city.

References

Geography of Chicago
Valleys of the United States
Father Jacques Marquette S.J. (June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675), sometimes known as Père  Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary. He founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. 

In 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley.

References

1637 births
1675 deaths
French explorers
French Roman Catholic priests
Jesuit missionaries
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 11,003. Its county seat is Plymouth. The county was formed in 1799 from the western third of Tyrrell County. It was named for George Washington, the first President of the United States.

References 

1790s establishments in North Carolina
1799 establishments in the United States
North Carolina counties
Chicago Harbor is made up of the public rivers, canals, and lakes within the territorial limits of Chicago. It connects all slips, basins, piers, breakwaters, and structures with a distance of three miles from the shore between the extended north and south lines of the city. 

The greater Chicago Harbor includes portions of the Chicago River, the Calumet River, the Ogden Canal, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Lake Calumet, and Lake Michigan.

References

Geography of Chicago
The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, known as the Chicago Drainage Canal, is a  canal system that connects the Chicago River to the Des Plaines River.  It reverses the direction of the Main Stem and the South Branch of the Chicago River, which now flows out of Lake Michigan rather than into it. It provides the only navigation for ships between the Great Lakes Waterway and the Mississippi River system.

The Canal was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 2011.

References

Geography of Chicago
The Haymarket affair (also known as the Haymarket massacre or Haymarket riot) was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor protest on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.

It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour day and in reaction to the killing of several workers by the police. An unknown person (there are theories that it was a police agitator trying to cause an incident however this is unconfirmed and probably incorrect) threw a dynamite bomb at police. The bomb blast and gunfire resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians; dozens of others were wounded.

Eight anarchists were convicted of conspiracy. The evidence was that one of the defendants may have built the bomb, but none of those on trial had thrown it.

The Haymarket Affair is thought to be an important reason of International Labor Day or May Day for workers.
The site of the incident was designated a Chicago Landmark in 1992, and a public sculpture was dedicated there in 2004.

References

19th century in Chicago
Protests
1880s in the United States
Chicago Landmark is a designation of the Mayor of Chicago and the Chicago City Council for historic buildings and other sites in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Sites are selected after meeting many criteria, such as historical, economic, architectural, artistic, cultural, and social importance. Once a site is designated as a landmark, it is subject to the Chicago Landmarks Ordinance, which requires that any alterations must be done with a permit reviewed by the Landmarks Commission.

Many Chicago Landmarks are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, providing federal tax support for preservation, and some are further designated National Historic Landmarks having more Federal protection.

References
Washington County is a county in the northwest part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 245,871, making it the third-most populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Fayetteville.  It is Arkansas's 17th county, founded on October 17, 1828, and named for George Washington, the first President of the United States.

References 

1820s establishments in Arkansas Territory
1828 establishments in the United States
Arkansas counties
Creola is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 1,936 as of the 2020 census. It is included in the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. It was incorporated in 1978.

References 

Cities in Alabama
The Union Stock Yard & Transit Co., or The Yards, was the meatpacking district in present-day New City, Chicago. The yards were opened in 1865. Vanderbilt money sponsored the yards.  It was active for for 106 years. The yards inspired Upton Sinclair to write his book The Jungle.

The stockyards became the important point of the rise of some of the earliest international companies. The stockyards have become an impotant part of the popular culture of Chicago's history.

From the Civil War until the 1920s and peaking in 1924, more meat was processed in Chicago than in any other place in the world. The Yards closed on July 30, 1971, after several decades of decline during the decentralization of the meatpacking industry.

It was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 24, 1972, and a National Historic Landmark on May 29, 1981.

References

Landmarks in Chicago
19th century in Chicago
20th century in Chicago
1865 establishments in the United States
1971 disestablishments in the United States
The Chicago Air & Water Show is an annual air show held on the shore of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois.  The show has been held each year since 1959 and is Chicago's second most popular festival (behind Lollapalooza). 

In 2005, 2,200,000 watched the Chicago Air and Water Show. The Chicago Air and Water Show is presented by the City of Chicago and is the largest free show of its kind in the United States.

References

Festivals in Chicago
1959 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Illinois
Lancaster  is a city in northern Los Angeles County, in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California. As of 2020, 173,516 people lived in Lancaster. It was the 30th largest city by population in California.

References

Other websites

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
The Magnificent Mile Lights Festival is an annual event celebrated in Chicago on the Saturday before Thanksgiving. About one million lights on 200 trees brighten the city’s Michigan Avenue, also known as the Magnificent Mile. It also features notable Disney characters.

The festival is hosted by The Magnificent Mile Association. It is considered one of the largest Christmas holiday celebrations in the country.

In 1992, Walt Disney, the company, officially became part of the Lights Festival, turning the event into a major tourist attraction.

References

Other websites
 Magnificent Mile Lights Festival Official Website
 Greater North Michigan Avenue Association

Festivals in Chicago
Fontana () is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States.

Other websites 

 Official website

Cities in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Saint Ignace, usually written as St. Ignace, is a city at the southern tip of the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, on the northern side of the Straits of Mackinac.  The population was 2,452 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Mackinac County.

References

Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
Ludington  is a city in the state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,076. It is the county seat of Mason County.

References

Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
Visalia ( ) is a city in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley of California. The city is the county seat of Tulare County.

Visalia is about  southeast of San Francisco,  north of Los Angeles,  west of Sequoia National Park and  south of Fresno. The population was 141,384 at the 2020 census.

References

Cities in California
County seats in California
Settlements in Tulare County, California
Joe Messina (December 13, 1928 – April 4, 2022) was an American guitarist. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was called the "white brother with soul". Messina was one of the most famous guitarists in Motown Records' in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers. He is known for being a member of The Funk Brothers.

Messina was the creator of an alternative music technique known as The Interval Study Method, which uses the chromatic and diatonic scales to create music.

Messina worked with performers such as Diana Ross & the Supremes, The Temptations, Marvin Gaye, The Four Tops, Stevie Wonder, and Smokey Robinson & the Miracles. Among Messina's most notable performances are his turns on hits such as "Dancing in the Street" (Martha & the Vandellas, 1964), "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)" (Four Tops, 1965), and "Your Precious Love" (Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell, 1967).

Messina died on April 4, 2022 at his son's home in Northville, Michigan at the age of 93.

References
References

Other websites
 Danny Wilson's tribute to Joe Messina 
 Joe Messina offers a personal message and interview

1928 births
2022 deaths
American guitarists
American soul musicians
Musicians from Detroit
Tulare County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. Esmeralda Soria is from Tulare County.

References 

 
1852 establishments in California
Germigny may refer to the following communes in France:
 Germigny, Marne, in the Marne department
 Germigny, Yonne, in the Yonne department
 Germigny-des-Prés, in the Loiret department
 Germigny-l'Évêque, in the Seine-et-Marne department
 Germigny-l'Exempt, in the Cher department
 Germigny-sous-Coulombs, in the Seine-et-Marne department
 Germigny-sur-Loire, in the Nièvre department
The Funk Brothers were a group of Detroit soul musicians who performed the backing to most Motown recordings from 1959 until the company moved to Los Angeles in 1972. 

They are thought to be one of the most successful groups of studio musicians in music history. The Funk Brothers played on Motown hits such as "My Girl", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "Baby Love", "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", "The Tears of a Clown", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", and "Heat Wave".

The were 13 verified members of the group and they were identified by both NARAS for the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and were recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Some believed the group "played on more number-one hits than the Beatles, Elvis Presley, the Rolling Stones and the Beach Boys combined."

References

Other websites
"Standing in the Shadows of Motown WebQuest" 
Official Standing in the Shadows of Motown website
Grammy Lifetime Achievement awards
The Soulful Tale of Two Cities

Grammy Award winners
1959 establishments in the United States
1972 disestablishments in the United States
American soul musicians
Musicians from Detroit
Jack Ashford (born May 18, 1934) is an American soul musician. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He worked for Motown Records' in-house Funk Brothers band during the 1960s and early 1970s.

Ashford is most famous for playing the tambourine on hundreds of Motown recordings. Ashford played tambourine on include "Nowhere to Run" by Martha & the Vandellas, "You Can't Hurry Love" by The Supremes, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" by Marvin Gaye, and "Don't Leave Me This Way" by Thelma Houston.

Following the death of Joe Messina in April 2022, Ashford is the last survivor of the 13 core members of The Funk Brothers.

References

Other websites
 Bankhousebooks.com
Jack Ashford Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2013)

1934 births
Living people
American soul musicians
Musicians from Philadelphia
Department of Cundinamarca  (Departamento de Cundinamarca, ) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia. Its area is  (not including the Capital District) and 2,598,245 people lived here in 2013. Cundinamarca is in the center of Colombia.

Cundinamarca's capital city is Bogotá, the capital of Colombia.
Eddie "Chank" Willis (June 3, 1936 – August 20, 2018) was an African-American soul musician. Willis played electric guitar and occasional electric sitar for Motown's in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers. He was born in Grenada, Mississippi. He was active in the 1960s and the 1970s.

Willis was known for his songs "Please Mr. Postman" by The Marvelettes, "The Way You Do the Things You Do" by The Temptations, "You Keep Me Hanging On" by The Supremes, and "I Was Made to Love Her" by Stevie Wonder.

Willis died on August 20, 2018 in Gore Springs, Mississippi from complications of polio at the age of 82.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from poliomyelitis
Disease-related deaths in Mississippi
American soul musicians
American guitarists
Musicians from Mississippi
Pine Apple is a town in Wilcox County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1872. At the 2020 census the population was 143.

References 

Towns in Alabama
Moulinet is the name of two communes in France:
 Moulinet, Alpes-Maritimes, a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department
 Moulinet, Lot-et-Garonne, a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department
Avery Robert Dulles, S.J. (; August 24, 1918 – December 12, 2008) was a Jesuit priest, theologian, and Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Dulles was on the faculty of Woodstock College from 1960 to 1974, of The Catholic University of America from 1974 to 1988, and as the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University from 1988 to 2008. He was born in Auburn, New York.

Dulles died in The Bronx, New York from complications of polio on December 12, 2008, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 Faculty Homepage
 Cardinal Avery Dulles Online Archive
 Catholic Hierarchy – information on Cardinal Dulles
 Cardinal Avery Dulles
 Catholic pages Cardinal Dulles bio
 

1918 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from poliomyelitis
Infectious disease deaths in New York City
American cardinals
American theologians
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
American Jesuits
Auburn is a city in Cayuga County, New York, United States. It is located at the north end of Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, in Central New York. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 27,687. It is the county seat of Cayuga County.

References

Cities in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Clay is a city in northeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.

Actor Clayne Crawford was born here on April 20, 1978.

Cities in Alabama
Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati (6 April 1901 – 4 July 1925) was an Italian Roman Catholic social activist. He was born in Turin. He was a member from the Third Order of Saint Dominic. 

He was dedicated to social justice issues. He helped the poor and less fortunate living in his hometown of Turin. He died in Turin on 4 July 1925 from polio, aged 24.

His cause for canonization opened in 1932 after the Turin poor made several pleas for such a cause to open. However, Pope Pius XII suspended the cause in 1941. Pope John Paul II beatified Frassati in mid-1990 and dubbed him the "Man of the Eight Beatitudes".

References

1901 births
1925 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in Italy
Deaths from poliomyelitis
Italian Roman Catholics
People from Turin
Beatified people
Onex () is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.

History 
The municipality of Onex became an independent municipality in 1851 when the municipality of Onex-Confignon split into the two municipalities of Onex and Confignon.

Geography 
The municipality is on the left bank of the Rhône river.

The municipality has seven villages of Cressy - Marais, Evaux, Cité-Nouvelle, Gros-Chêne, Pré-Longet, Belle-Cour and Onex - village.

Twin towns 
Onex is twinned with:
  Liestal, Switzerland
  Massagno, Switzerland
  Bandol, France

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Geneva
Cities in Switzerland
1851 establishments
19th-century establishments in Switzerland
1850s establishments in Europe
Crossville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.

Other websites 
 Town of Crossville official website 

Towns in Alabama
Pope Gelasius I (died 19 November 496) was Pope of the Catholic Church. He reigned from 492 to 496. He was preceded by
Felix III and succeeded by Anastasius II.

Place of birth 
There is confusion about where he was born.

References 

490s deaths
Algerian people
Popes
Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
Margareta Niculescu (4 January 1926 – 19 August 2018) was a Romanian artist, puppeteer, director, teacher and theater director. She was director of Tandarica Theatre of Bucharest. She was born in Iaşi, Romania.

From 2000 until 2004 she was president of the International Puppetry Association in Charleville-Mezieres, in Ardennes, and co-founded with Jacques Felix, the National School of Puppetry Arts in that city.

In 1978 she won the Erasmus Prize together with other noted puppeteers Yves Joly, Peter Schumann and the Napoli brothers.

Niculescu died on 19 August 2018 in Charleville-Mézières, France at the age of 92.

References

Artists
Romanian educators
Puppeteers
2018 deaths
1926 births
Everton de Viña del Mar, is a Chilean football club based in Viña del Mar. The club was founded in 1909, and now plays in first chilean football league. Their home matches are played at Sausalito stadium, which has a capacity of approximately 25,000 seats.

Honours 
 National champions: 1950, 1952, 1976
 Copa Chile champions: 1984
 Second Division champions: 1974, 1982, 2003

References

Other websites 
 Everton VM official website 

Everton
1909 establishments
1900s establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Chile
Dario Argento (; born 7 September 1940) is an Italian movie director, producer, critic and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror movies during the 1970s and 1980s. He was known for his "The Three Mothers" trilogy: Suspiria (1977), Inferno (1980) and The Mother of Tears (2007).

His first movie, The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (1970), was a major hit in Italy. He helped produced George A. Romero's Dawn of the Dead (1978).

References

Other websites

 

1940 births
Living people
Italian critics
Italian movie directors
Italian movie producers
Italian screenwriters
Writers from Rome