Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Battle of Camden was a battle between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States.  It happened during the American Revolutionary War.  It was a major victory for the British Army.

The Battle took place north of Camden, South Carolina on August 16, 1780.

References

Camden
1780
1780s in the United States
18th century in South Carolina
August events
1780s in Europe
Events 
 Emperor Kimmei, reign of 29th emperor of Japan starts (540-571)
 Vitiges of the Ostrogoths surrendered to the Byzantine army.

Births
 Pope Gregory I (approximate date)

References
is a train station in Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

Lines
East Japan Railway Company
Yamada Line

Adjacent stations 

Railway stations in Iwate Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
Rail transport in Japan
Tenille Dashwood (born 1 March 1989) is an Australian professional wrestler. She is also known by her ring name Tenille Tayla. She worked until 2017 for WWE as Emma. In 2018, Dashwood began working for Ring of Honor and several more promotions. She returned to WWE in 2022 but was released again in 2023.

Dashwood was born in Boronia, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. She lives in Orlando, Florida, United States.

Personal life
On 30 June 2014, before Monday Night Raw aired, Dashwood was arrested in Hartford, in the U.S. state of Connecticut for sixth-degree larceny. Dashwood's lawyer said that she had forgotten to pay for an iPad case, when she was using the self-checkout machine at a Walmart. After she appeared at a community court on 1 July, she was ordered to do one day of community service and complete an online course. On 2 July 2014, Emma was released by WWE after she was arrested for sixth-degree larceny. She was reinstated by WWE two hours later.
Championships
Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling
ECCW Women's Supergirls Championship (two times)

References

Other websites

Official website 

1989 births
Living people
Australian models
Australian professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Melinda Clarke (b. April 24, 1969) is an American actress who is known for being on television. She has, however, starred in some movies. She is best known for playing Fiona in Days of Our Lives. She also played Amanda in Nikita. Clarke was born in California. Her father is actor John Clarke, who also starred in Days of Our Lives.

Actors from Orange County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
1969 births
Living people
is a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
It was founded on February 11, 1941.

The city is along the coast where the  flows into the Pacific Ocean.  It is connected to Morioka by an east-west train line and highway and the coastal highway also goes through the town.  The city has a port but much of the shipping traffic is taken by larger cities along the coast.

On June 6, 2005, the old Miyako absorbed the town of Tarō and village of Niisato from Shimohei District to form the new city of Miyako, more than doubling the old city's size.  As of 2008, the new city had an estimated population of 57,874 and a density of 83.1 persons per km². The total area is 696.82 km².

On January 1, 2010, the city absorbed another Shimohei District village, Kawai.

Climate
Climate

2011 tsunami
On March 11, 2011, the city was devastated by a tsunami caused by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake.
At least 401 lives were lost.
Only about 30–60 boats survived from the town's 960 ship fishing fleet.  A study by the University of Tokyo's Earthquake Research Institute found that the waters had reached at least  above sea level. This was almost as high the  record of the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake tsunami.

Some of the most well known scenes of the 2011 Japanese tsunami, broadcast worldwide, were shot in Miyako.  It shows a dark black wave cresting and overflowing a floodwall and tossing cars, followed by a fishing boat capsizing as it hit the floodwall and then crushed as it was forced under a bridge.

References

Other websites

 Miyako official website 
 BBC video of the tsunami flooding up the mouth of the river at Shinkawacho

Cities in Iwate Prefecture
Smedestraat 33 is a door in the city of Haarlem in the country of the Netherlands. It is a historic place in The Netherlands. It was built in late 17th century. In the past, the door was the entrance to two homes. Now it just opens to one.

References

Buildings and structures in the Netherlands
Haarlem
Lyrick Studios, Inc., made in 1988 as The Lyons Group, was an American video production and distribution company based in Allen, Texas, a suburb in Dallas. They were known for producing and distributing shows like Barney and Wishbone, as well as videos and albums from two music artists, Joe Scruggs and The Wiggles. They also had book rights to Humongous Entertainment characters like Putt-Putt, Freddi Fish, and Pajama Sam. They paired with Big Idea for mass market distribution of prints and reprints of VeggieTales home videos, as well as rights to VeggieTales plush toys. On February 9, 2001, the company was acquired by HIT Entertainment and the two companies merged in June the same year, with the logo continuing to be used until August 2002.

History
History

The Beginning (1988 - 1994)  
In 1988, The Lyons Group was formed as a division of DLM, Inc., an educational company owned by Richard C. Leach. Lyons began producing and distributing a direct-to-video pilot series titled Barney & the Backyard Gang, which was created by Leach's daughter-in-law, Sheryl Leach. Three years after the home video series debuted, Barney caught the attention of executives at PBS, and the concept was then changed for television as Barney & Friends. The show started broadcasting on the organization's flagship television service on April 6, 1992.

Lyrick Studios was formed in 1994, and The Lyons Group became a division of a new company under the name Lyons Partnership.

The Acquisitions and Expansion Era (1995 - 2000) 
The company made the series Wishbone for PBS in 1995. This series was produced by Big Feats! Entertainment, another division of the company, and was primarily filmed on a studio backlot in Allen, Texas.
In the late 1990s, Lyrick got the distribution (selling) rights for VeggieTales and The Wiggles. They also had book and video game distribution rights for some Humongous Entertainment video game characters, such as Putt-Putt, Freddi Fish, and Pajama Sam.

The HIT Entertainment Acquisition Era and Aftermath (2001 - 2003) 
According to Phil Vischer, he chose the company to release the videos since Lyrick Studios' founder and former chairman Richard C. Leach was a committed Christian, and the company let the religious tones on the shows remain intact, unlike other distributors Big Idea had asked beforehand. The company was acquired by HiT Entertainment on February 9, 2001, shortly before Richard C. Leach died.
In 2002, Big Idea turned to Warner Home Video to serve as their new mass market distributor; HiT responded to this by filing a lawsuit against them for $11 million, which was one of the major causes of Big Idea's 2003 bankruptcy with The Ultimate Silly Song Countdown. The home video division of the company was rebranded under the HIT Entertainment name and remained trading until at the end of 2006, when HIT shuttered the division and began to release products in the United States through outside third-parties instead.

Distribution

Programs

Movies

Theatrical

Television

Direct-to-Video

Notes

References 

1994 establishments in the United States
2003 disestablishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Texas
American entertainment companies
Companies based in Texas
Defunct companies of the United States
21st-century disestablishments in Texas
Malala Yousafzai (born 12 July 1997) is a Pakistani student and an impactful education activist. She is known for her activism for girls' and women's rights, especially for her campaign to allow girls to go to school. She was a victim of a gunshot attack in October 2012. 

Yousafzai is the youngest person to have won the Nobel Peace Prize. She was awarded the prize in October 2014, when she was just 17 years old. She was nominated for the prize the year before that.

Life 
Malala was born in the town of Mingora in the Swat. In 2009, at age 11, many people got to know her through a blog of the BBC News' Urdu language service. The BBC published translated writings about her life living with Taliban rule.

On 9 October 2012, Yousafzai was shot in the head and neck in an assassination attempt by Atta Ullah Khan, a Taliban gunman. She was given emergency treatment in Pakistan and then moved to Great Britain for more medical treatment.
On 3 January 2013, Yousafzai was discharged from the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham to continue to recover at her family's temporary home in the West Midlands.  She had two five-hour long operations on 2 February 2013. She had a titanium plate put over the hole in her skull and a cochlear implant so she could hear again.

In May 2012 David Trumble, an award-winning artist, made a cartoon of Yousafzai as a Disney princess as part of a drawing of other feminist icons that he had made into princesses that was in the Huffington Post.

On 12 July 2013, at age 16, she made a speech at the headquarters of the United Nations, stressing the right to education for all and for human rights and peace and non-violence against terrorism and intolerance citing the proverb: "the pen is mightier than the sword". That October she was invited to meet President Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, and their daughter Malia in the Oval Office.
She wrote a book about her life, I am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the Taliban, which was published in October 2013. The book was banned in Pakistani private schools.

The Taliban have said that they still want to assassinate Yousafzai. She campaigned for girls' rights and education. Many officials did not agree with her campaign.

In 2021, she married Asser Malik in Birmingham, England.
Honours 
Besides the Nobel Prize in 2014, Yousafzai has been honored for her work many times. She was awarded prizes for her work.
She is the 2013 recipient of the Sakharov Prize.
She was one of the winners of Glamour magazine's Women of the Year. Lady Gaga, who was also a winner and was on the month's cover, said that Yousafzai should have been on November's cover of Glamour instead of her.
On 27 November 2013 Yousafzai was given the GG2 Hammer Award at the GG2 (Garavi Gujarat 2) Leadership Awards 2013.
Malala was chosen by TIME magazine as a candidate for 2013's Person of the Year.
In 2014 she was given a Doctor of Civil Law degree by the University of King's College, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Also in 2014, the Government of Canada announced Yousafzai would become an honorary citizen of Canada. The ceremony was supposed to happen on 22 October of that year, but was cancelled because of a shooting at Parliament Hill. Three years later, on 12 April 2017, she received her certificate of citizenship from Justin Trudeau, who called her "the newest and possibly bravest citizen of Canada". She would go on to speak to the Parliament of Canada that day, calling for Canada to lead the world in bringing education to females and refugees and children. Here is a quote from one of Malala's speeches:  "There is a world out there that will be fair to us all."
References

Pakistani activists
Bloggers
Assassination survivors
1997 births
Living people
Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786 – May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852.

A national hero after the Mexican-American War, he served as military governor of Mexico City. Such was his stature that, in 1852, the United States Whig Party passed over its own incumbent President of the United States, Millard Fillmore, to nominate Scott in that year's United States presidential election. Scott lost to Democrat Franklin Pierce in the general election, but remained a popular national figure, receiving a brevet promotion in 1856 to the rank of lieutenant general, becoming the first American since George Washington to hold that rank.

Scott was born to William Scott and Anna Mason in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, near Petersburg, Virginia, on June 13, 1786. He briefly attended College of William and Mary, studied law in the office of a private attorney, and served as a Virginia militia cavalry corporal near Petersburg in 1807.
Scott was married to Lucy Baker from 1812 until her death in 1816. They had one son. Then he was married to Maria De Hart Mayo from 1817 until her death in 1862. They had six children.

He died in West Point, New York on May 29, 1866 from unknown causes, aged 79. He is buried in West Point Cemetery.

The saying Great Scott was named after his last name.

References

Other websites

 General Scott and the Trail of Tears 
 Letter to the Cherokee from Major General Scott 
 Origin of the phrase Great Scott!.
 Biography of General Winfield Scott 

1786 births
1866 deaths
American generals
Military people from Virginia
A vaporizer or vapouriser is a device used to extract the active ingredients of plant material so that they can be breathed. It is often used for cannabis, tobacco, or other herbs such as chamomile.

Vaporization vs. smoking
Vaporization is an alternative to smoking. It doesn't make smoke or other cancer-causing by-products. It does that by heating the material so that the active compounds boil into a vapor. Nothing actually burns, so there is no smoke or taste of smoke. Vapor ideally contains almost no particulate matter or tar, and much less noxious gas such as carbon monoxide. The vapor can be collected in a jar or inflatable bag, or inhaled directly.

Cooking
Vaporizers are sometimes used by chefs. They use them to heat herbs and spices to release flavors that are otherwise difficult to extract, or that might be spoiled by overheating during cooking. Chicago's Achatz uses the aroma-filled bags as place-mats, punctured when plates are placed in front of the customer.

Smoking
Cannabis
Drug paraphernalia
Matthew Calbraith Perry (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was a Commodore of the U.S. Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, mostly known in the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Perry was very concerned with the education of naval officers and helped develop a system that helped the United States Naval Academy. With the advent of the steam engine, he became a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered The Father of the Steam Navy.

Perry was born on April 10, 1794 in Newport, Rhode Island. He was the younger brother of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, who commanded U.S. naval forces in the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812.  Matthew Perry was never married and had no children. Perry died on March 4, 1858 in New York City, New York from unknown causes. He was buried at Island Cemetery in Newport, Rhode Island.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 A short timeline of Perry's life

1794 births
1858 deaths
Military people from Rhode Island
People from Newport, Rhode Island
Bryan Neathway Brown, (born June 23, 1947) is an Australian movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in The Thorn Birds, Beautiful Kate, Cocktail, Along Came Polly, Australia and Peter Rabbit. 

Brown was born on June 23, 1947 in Sydney, Australia. He has been married to Rachel Ward since 1983. They have three children.

References

Other websites
 
 Bryan Brown's official website — New Town Films

1947 births
Living people
Actors from Sydney
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Christoph Waltz (born October 4, 1956 ; Vienna) is an Austrian movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as the main antagonist Hans Landa in Inglourious Basterds, as Dr. King Schultz in Django Unchained, as artist Walter Keane in Big Eyes and as James Bond villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in Spectre and No Time to Die. He starred as Dyson Ido in the 2018 science fiction movie Alita: Battle Angel.

He also holds German citizenship. He won two BAFTA Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor. He won the other Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his role in Django Unchained.

Waltz was born on October 4, 1956 in Vienna, Austria. He has three children from an ex-wife and one with his second wife, Judith Holste.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1956 births
Living people
Austrian movie actors
Austrian television actors
Austrian voice actors
Austrian stage actors
German movie actors
German television actors
German voice actors
German stage actors
Actors from Vienna
Actors who played Bond villains
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Satellite Award winners
BAFTA Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
The Sikkim National Party, was a political party in Sikkim. Formed in 1950. National Party was in favour of the monarchy and advocated independence for Sikkim.
 

Sikkim
Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (17 April 1916 – 10 October 2000) was a Sri Lankan politician. She served as prime minister three times and was the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. She was the first female to be elected head of government in the world. Bandaranaike was the widow of a previous prime minister, Solomon Bandaranaike, who was murdered in 1959. Her policies were based in socialism and similar to her husband's. All three of their children later served in the Sri Lankan government.

She spent 40 years in political office. She resigned on 10 August 2000. Exactly two months later she died, aged 84, of a heart attack.
Family life
Sirimavo Bandaranaike was born on 17 April 1916, as Sirimavo Ratwatte. Her family was part of the aristocracy. She was a Buddhist, but went to school at a convent in Colombo, Sri Lanka, where she was taught by Roman Catholic nuns. In 1940, she married Solomon Bandaranaike, who was a member of parliament at the time. He became prime minister in 1956 as the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP). Sirimavo and Solomon had three children, Chandrika, Sunethra and Anura.

Political career
Sirimavo did not begin a career in politics until after her husband was shot dead on 26 September 1959. She was named successor to her husband's leadership of the party. She led that party to win elections in July 1960, promising to continue her husband's policies. Bandaranaike became Prime Minister on 21 July 1960. She was the first female prime minister in the world, and the first woman to be elected head of government.
The government's takeover of foreign businesses, particularly petroleum companies, upset Britain and the United States, who both ended aid to Sri Lanka. As a result, Bandaranaike made a closer relationship with China and the Soviet Union. In 1962, Christian officers of the military made an unsuccessful attempt at a coup d'état. Bandaranaike lost a vote of confidence in 1964, and her party was defeated in the resulting elections in 1965. Before she was replaced, Bandaranaike's government signed an agreement with India over the status of about one million Tamils: 600,000 were to be granted Indian citizenship and repatriated, and 375,000 were to be granted Sri Lankan citizenship.

Bandaranaike became prime minister again in the 1970 elections.  military aid from India and Pakistan.
During her second term, Bandaranaike became more and more intolerant of criticism. She forced critical media outlets to shut down. She also nationalised the country's largest newspaper, Lake House. Bandaranaike was chosen chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1976. Despite success in foreign affairs, she was losing popular support in Sri Lanka very quickly. Her government was accused of corruption while the economy was quickly declining. Elections were scheduled to be held in 1975, but Bandaranaike used a clause of the new constitution to delay them indefinitely. The elections took place in 1977, and her party was defeated severely. In 1980, Bandaranaike was charged with abusing her power for delaying the elections. She was forced out of her seat in parliament and banned from public office for seven years.
Bandaranaike stayed as leader of the SLFP despite losing every general election in the next ten years. Her party led a coalition (the People's Alliance) to win the general elections in 1994. Bandaranaike's daughter, Chandrika, became prime minister, and was then elected president the same year. Bandaranaike became prime minister again, but the constitution had changed since her last term. As prime minister she was now subordinate to her daughter, the President. She stayed in office until a few months before her death, but had little real power. She resigned on 10 August 2000. Exactly two months later she died, aged 84, of a heart attack.

References

Other websites
 Website of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sirimavo Bandaranaike, The Telegraph

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|-

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1916 births
2000 deaths
Sri Lankan Buddhists
Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka
Protein folding is how a protein gets its functional shape or 'conformation'. It is mainly a self-organising process. Starting from a random coil, polypeptides fold into their characteristic working shape. The structure is held together by hydrogen bonds.

The stages are:
Each protein exists as an unfolded polypeptide or random coil when translated from a sequence of mRNA to a linear chain of amino acids. This polypeptide lacks any developed three-dimensional structure (left hand side of the top figure). 
Amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein (right hand side of the figure). This is known as the native state. The resulting three-dimensional structure is determined by the amino acid sequence (Anfinsen's dogma).

Without its correct three-dimensional structure a protein does not work. However, some parts of proteins may not fold: this is normal.
If proteins do not fold into their native shape, they are inactive and are usually toxic. Several diseases may be caused by misfolded proteins. Many allergies are caused by the folding of the proteins, for the immune system does not produce antibodies for all possible protein structures.

On 30 November 2020, the protein folding was solved by artificial intelligence company DeepMind.

Chaperones 
Chaperonins are large proteins which help the folding of some proteins after synthesis. Chaperones in general were first discovered helping histones and DNA join up to form nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are the building blocks for chromosomes. This is the way many cell organelles are built up.

References 

Proteins
Anfinsen's dogma is a hypothesis in molecular biology suggested by Christian Anfinsen. The idea is that a protein folding into its native structure is done automatically by the protein's amino acid sequence. It is only true for some proteins. For other proteins, chaperones are needed.

Anfinsen shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on the structure of the enzyme ribonuclease A. The dogma suggests that, in the conditions at which folding occurs, the native structure is a unique and stable state.
There are three conditions:
uniqueness requires that the sequence does not have any other configuration with a comparable free energy.
stability small changes in the surrounding environment cannot give rise to changes in the minimum configuration.
kinetical accessibility means the final shape can be got without going through any highly complex changes in the shape (like knots, for example).
How the protein reaches this structure is the subject of the field of protein folding, which has a related dogma called Levinthal's paradox. The Levinthal paradox states that the number of possible conformations available to a given protein is astronomically large, such that even a small protein of 100 residues would require more time than the universe has existed to explore all possible conformations (1026 seconds) and choose the appropriate one.

Prions are an exception to Anfinsen's dogma. Prions are stable conformations of proteins which differ from the native folding state. In Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease), native proteins re-fold into a different stable conformation, which causes fatal amyloid buildup. Other amyloid diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are also exceptions to Anfinsen's dogma.

References

Molecular biology
Proteins
Polly Klaas (January 3, 1981 - October 1, 1993) is an American murder victim. She was abducted from her California home by Richard Allen Davis (born 1954) during what had been a slumber party with two other girls. Davis later strangled her. He was convicted of her kidnapping and murder and was given a death sentence. He is on death row. Actress Winona Ryder offered two hundred thousand in reward for the return of Klaas; after Klaas was killed, Ryder dedicated a movie version of Little Women for her memory.

1993 crimes
1993 in California
1990s crimes in California
1990s murders in the United States
Deaths by strangulation
Kidnapped American people
October events
Murdered children
Deaths by person in the United States
Vanessa Hessler (Rome, January 21, 1988) is an American-Italian model and actress.
She began modeling when she was 15. Hessler has appeared in many publications in Italy and Germany.

Early life 

Hessler's father is American. He mother is Italian. She lived in Rome until she was 8, then moved to Washington DC. She lived in Rockville, MD as a teenager. In 2002 she returned to Italy. She speaks Italian, English and French. She lives in Rome and Washington

Modeling 

Hessler has been in commercials for Baby Star, Nara Camicie and Gilli.

Hessler planned to work in television. In early 2006, she wanted to replace Alessia Marcuzzi to host Le Iene. She lost the job to Cristina Chiabotto.

Hessler has appeared in advertising for GUESS, Calvin Klein, Giorgio Armani, L'Oréal, and Ferrero SpA.

In March 2006, she made her debut as a television host at the Festival di Sanremo with Claudia Cedro, Francesca Lancini, and Marta Cecchetto.
Hessler was the face of the DSL brand "Alice" in Germany (a service of Telefónica Europe) until late October 2011. The company chose to end her contract. This was done because of her personal relationship to and public support for the Gaddafi family. The company said that she had "failed to distance herself from her comments on the conflict in Libya."

References 

American television actors
American models
Actors from Rome
1988 births
Living people
A flow chart, also known as a flowchart, is a type of diagram, made of boxes and arrows. It can be used to show:
 An algorithm, a step-by-step list of directions that need to be followed to solve a problem
 A process, a series of stages in time where the last stage is the product, result or goal.
 The planned stages of a project.

The flow chart uses boxes, arrows and other elements: 
 Boxes show the process operations, the various steps and actions.
 Arrows show the order of the steps, and/or different options.
 Other elements representing materials involved, decisions, people, time or process measurements.

Flowchart building blocks

Common Shapes 
The following table shows some of the most common shapes used in flowcharts. Generally, flowcharts are read from top to bottom and left to right. Reading flowcharts can also be called "flowing".

Software
Software

There are many different types of software that deal with making flowcharts. Some types of software allow users to design flowcharts that can be used to help them design a program easier. Other applications can also create programs based on the flowchart that the user designed. Some software that deal with making flowcharts include diagrams.net, Google Drawings, LibreOffice Draw, Microsoft Visio, yEd, and Inkscape.

Related pages

 Chart
 Diagram

References 

Charts
Management
Ahmet Kaya (October 28, 1957  – November 16, 2000) was a singer from Turkey. He was associated with the Kurdish people's independence struggle. His mother is Turkish and his father Kurdish.

In June 2012 the Turkish Association of Magazine Journalists awarded
Ahmet Kaya its Special Prize.

In October 2013 Ahmet Kaya was given the Grand Presidential Prize in Culture and Arts.

References

1957 births
2000 deaths
Turkish singers
John Clive (6 January 1933 – 14 October 2012) was an English writer, actor and voice talent. He acted in movies as well as on television stage and radio.  Clive had important parts in the movies Yellow Submarine, Carry on Board, Carry on Dick, The Gnomes of Dulwich, Tiffany Jones, and Clockwork Orange.

Clive was born on January 6, 1933 in North London, England. Clive died on October 14, 2012 from a short illness in his home in England, aged 79.

References

Other websites
 
 

1933 births
2012 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English radio actors
English voice actors
English writers
Actors from London
Writers from London
George Wilcken Romney (July 8, 1907 – July 26, 1995) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician.  He was chairman and president of American Motors Corporation from 1954 to 1962.  He served the 43rd Governor of Michigan from 1963 to 1969.  He was also the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1969 to 1973.

He is the father of former Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican presidential nominee, and current United States Senator Mitt Romney.  He was also the husband of former Michigan U.S. Senate candidate Lenore Romney. In 1968, he ran for president, but lost to Richard Nixon.
Biography
Romney was born to American parents living in Colonia Dublán, Galeana, Chihuahua, Mexico on July 8, 1907. The events during the Mexican Revolution forced his family to flee back to the United States when he was a child.  The family lived in several states and ended up in Salt Lake City, Utah, where they struggled during the Great Depression.  Romney worked in a number of jobs, served as a Mormon missionary in England and Scotland, and attended several colleges in the U.S. but did not graduate from any. In 1939 he moved to Detroit, Michigan.

Marriage and children
On July 2, 1931, he married Lenore Romney. They would later have four children, Lynn Romney, Jane Romney, Mitt Romney, and G. Scott Romney. His granddaughter from Scott Romney, Ronna Romney McDaniel, is the current chairwoman of the Republican National Committee.

Death
Romney died on July 26, 1995 in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan from a heart attack, aged 88. He was buried at Fairview Cemetery in Brighton, Michigan.

References
References

Other websites

 Boston Globe Magazine, Lessons of the Father
 Video of George W. Romney defending his success, NBC, 1967
George Romney photo essay

1907 births
1995 deaths
American chief executives
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Businesspeople from Detroit
1968 United States presidential candidates
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Governors of Michigan
Politicians from Detroit
People from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Politicians from Chihuahua (state)
All Smiles Dental Centers is a company that manages dental offices in Texas. Its headquarters are in Farmers Branch, Texas. In September 2012 All Smiles had 20 clinics in Texas. The people who go to the clinics are mostly poor Hispanic children.

Dr. Richard Malouf started All Smiles in 2002. After the U.S. Supreme Court told the State of Texas that it did not give enough money to give dental care to poor children, five years before 2012 the State of Texas began spending $1.4 million more money on dental care for poor children. All Smiles began a braces program and began spending a lot of money, given by the Texas government, on braces for children. The Medicaid program only allowed braces if the braces helped a major problem like cleft lip and palate, or if it helps a problem caused by an illness, like Down's syndrome or muscular dystrophy. Malouf and his wife, Leanne, had a lot of rich things, like a mansion, two fancy cars, and two company jets.
In 2012 the State of Texas began trying to find out if All Smiles lied and took too much government money. The federal government accused All Smiles of cheating in the dental program, and so All Smiles promised to be honest in a contract written with the federal government. In July 2012 the company closed many braces offices and told patients that they could no longer go to All Smiles for braces.

Related pages
 Small Smiles Dental Centers
 ReachOut Healthcare America

Sources

Other websites
 All Smiles Dental Centers

2002 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Texas
2000s establishments in Texas
Dentistry companies of the United States
Lenore LaFount Romney (born Lenore LaFount, November 9, 1908 – July 7, 1998) was an American politician and actress. She was the wife of businessman and politician George Romney and the First Lady of Michigan from 1963 to 1969.

She was the Republican Party nominee for the U.S. Senate elections in 1970 from Michigan. Her youngest son, Mitt Romney, is the former Governor of Massachusetts and the 2012 Republican presidential nominee.

Early life
Lenore LaFount was born in Logan, Utah, and raised in Salt Lake City. She went to Latter-day Saints High School. While there,  she developed an interest in drama and met George Romney.

She attended the University of Utah and George Washington University, graduating from the latter in 1929.  She studied acting at the American Laboratory Theatre in New York, then went to Hollywood where she became a bit player.
Career
She acted in some movies with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.  Turning down a contract offer with them, she married George Romney in 1931.  The couple had four children together. She was a stay-at-home mother, eventually living in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, while he became a success in business and politics. She ran for the United States senate, but lost the election.

Death
Romney died on July 7, 1998 in Royal Oak, Michigan from a stroke, aged 89. She was buried next to her husband at the Fairview Cemetery in Brighton, Michigan.

References

Other websites
 "Lenore", the half-hour film from the 1970 U.S. Senate campaign 
 Finding Aid for Lenore LaFount Romney Papers, 1960–1974 at Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan
1908 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American movie actors
Businesspeople from Michigan
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City, Utah
American chief executives
Actors from Michigan
Actors from Salt Lake City, Utah
Politicians from Michigan
Politicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Logan, Utah
People from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Patricia Clarkson (December 29 1959) is an American actress. She has received an Emmy Award. She has appeared in many movie. These include The Green Mile, The Untouchables and Far from Heaven. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

1959 births
Living people
Actors from New Orleans
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
is the official home of the Emperor of Japan. It is the site of the old Edo castle. 

The Imperial Palace is in the Chiyoda area near to Tokyo Station.

The kōkyo is a large park-like space in central Tokyo.  

The palace complex has several buildings. including the main palace (.  There are also the private homes of the imperial family and the offices of the Imperial Household Agency.

History
Traditionally, the home of the emperor is called a palace.  The location of the palace has been considered the capital city of Japan.  Since 1868, the center of the government of Japan and the location of the Emperor's home has been Tokyo. From 794 through 1868, the emperor lived in Kyoto.

Related pages 
 Ryūgū-jō
 Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces

References 

Palaces in Asia
Buildings and structures in Tokyo
Leafcutter ant is the general name for any of 47 species of leaf-chewing ants of the two genera Atta and Acromyrmex.  
These species of tropical, fungus-growing ants are all endemic to South and Central America, Mexico and parts of the southern United States.  Leafcutter ants "cut and process fresh vegetation (leaves, flowers, and grasses) to serve as nutrition for their fungal cultivars".

The Acromyrmex and Atta ants have much in common anatomically; however, the two can be identified by their external differences.  Atta ants have three pairs of spines and a smooth exoskeleton on the upper surface of the thorax, while Acromyrmex ants have four pairs and a rough exoskeleton.

Next to humans, leafcutter ants form the largest and most complex animal societies on Earth.  In a few years, the central mound of their underground nests can grow to more than  across, with smaller, radiating mounds extending out to a radius of , taking up  and containing eight million individuals.

Colony life cycle
Colony life cycle

Reproduction and colony founding
Winged females and males leave their respective nests en masse and engage in a nuptial flight known as the revoada. Each female mates with multiple males to collect the 300 million sperm she needs to set up a colony.

Once on the ground, the female loses her wings and searches for a suitable underground lair in which to found her colony. The success rate of these young queens is very low, and only 2.5% will go on to establish a long-lived colony. To start her own fungus garden, the queen stores bits of the parental fungus garden mycelium in a pocket in  her mouth.
Colony hierarchy
In a mature leafcutter colony, ants are divided into castes, based mostly on size, that do different work.  Acromyrmex and Atta show a high degree of biological polymorphism, with four castes in established colonies - minims, minors, mediae and majors.  Majors are also known as soldiers.  Atta ants are more polymorphic than Acromyrmex, meaning there is comparatively less difference in size from the smallest to largest types of Acromymex.
Minims are the smallest workers, and look after the growing brood or care for the fungus gardens.  Head width is less than 1 mm.
 Minors are slightly larger than minim workers, and are present in large numbers in and around foraging columns. These ants are the first line of defense. They continuously patrol the surrounding terrain and vigorously attack any enemies that threaten the foraging lines. Head width is around 1.8-2.2 mm.
 Mediae are the foragers which cut leaves and bring the leaf fragments back to the nest. 
 Majors, the largest worker ants, act as soldiers, defending the nest from intruders. They also do other things, like clearing the main foraging trails of large debris and carrying bulky items back to the nest. The largest soldiers (Atta laevigata) may have body lengths up to 16 mm and head widths of 7 mm.
Life-style 
"Leaf-cutter ants are the major forest herbivores in Central America and consume more plant matter than all the vertebrate herbivores put together. Their subterranean nests can be vast and home to many millions of ants and they have a really neat defence system where minor workers ride shotgun on top of the leaf loads carried by the major workers and fend off the attacks of parasitic flies". George McGavin.

References 

Ants
The Governor of Michigan is the chief executive of the U.S. State of Michigan. The current Governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party.

Gubernatorial elections and term of office
From the time the state was created until the election of 1966, governors were elected to two-year terms. Elections are held in November and the governor took office the next January. Until 1851, elections were held in odd-numbered years. A new state constitution was created in 1850 and took effect in 1851. Because of this, there was a single one-year term of governor in 1851. After this, elections were held on even years.

The constitution adopted in 1963 changed the governor's term to four years, starting in 1967. Since then, elections for governor have been two years before U.S. Presidential elections (for example, Presidential elections were in 2000 and 2004, elections for governor were in 1998 and 2002). The winner of the election takes office at noon on January 1 of the year after the election.
In 1992, a change to the Michigan constitution said that a person could only be governor for two terms. Before this, they were not limited as to how many terms they could serve. John Engler, the governor at the time, served three terms as his first term took place before the change was made. Engler was reelected in 1994 and 1998 before being term limited in 2002.

History of the office

Forty-eight people have been governor of the state. Before becoming a state, there were five governors of the Michigan Territory. Stevens T. Mason, Michigan's first governor, also served as a territorial governor. He was elected governor at age 23 as a member of the Democratic Party in 1835 and served until 1840. Mason was the youngest state governor in United States history.

Jennifer Granholm became the first female Governor of Michigan on January 1, 2003. She served for 8 years, until January 1, 2011.

List of governors

References
Anisul Hoque (; born March 4, 1965) is a Bangladeshi author, novelist, dramatist, and journalist. Hoque was born in Rangpur in 1965. His father was Mofazzal Hoque. His mother is Mst Anwara Begum. Hoque graduated from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, trained as a civil engineer. He is currently working as a journalist. Currently, Hoque is working as an Associate Editor of a Bengali language daily, Prothom Alo.

Literary works

Poetry
Khola Chithi Sundarer Kachhe
Jalrang Padya
Asale Ayur Cheye Baro Shaadh Tar Akash Dekhar
Tomake Bhabna Kori
Novels
Kheya (The Ferryboat) (1996)
Ondhokarer Eksho Bochhor (One Hundred Years in Darkness) (1995)
Fand (Trap) (1997)
Bristibondhu (The Rain Friend) (1997)
Amar Ekta Dukhkho Achhe  (I have a Sorrow) (1999) 
Se (The Person) (2002)
Maa (Mother) (2003)  
Abar Tora Kipte Ho 
Dushwapner Jatri (2006) 
Khuda o Bhalobashar Galpo
Nandini (2006) 
Alo Andhokare Jai (2007)
Dhukhpari Shukhpari (Fairy of Sadness Fairy of Happiness)
Trap (translated from Bangla to English by Inam Ahmed, published by Indian Age, )

Television drama
Ekannoborti
Choruibhati
Naal Piran (Red Shirt)
Korimon Bewa
Ghure Daranor Swapno
69
No Man's Land
Nikhoj Shongbad

Filmography

Script writer
Bachelor, 2004 
Made in Bangladesh (directed by Mostafa Sarwar Farooki)
Third Person Singular Number
Swapnodanay (On the Wings of Dreams) (2007)
Awards
Bangla Academy Award, 2012
CitiBank Ananda Alo Award for Best Novel 2009
 Khalekdad Chowdhury Literature Award 1415
Television, a film script jointly written by Mostofa Sarwar Farooki and Anisul Hoque, has received Asian Cinema Fund (script development), provided by South Korea's Pusan Film Festival
Euro Shishu Shahitya Award 2006
BACHSAS Award for Best Sreenplay
TENASINAS Award for Best Screenplay

References

Other websites
Natok By Anisul Haque 
Anisul Haque Ebook
Bangladeshi writer anisul hoque home page 
Books of Anisul Haque published in different publications
Bangladeshi Novels home page 
Interview, from Voice of America, July, 2006.
 anisul hoque 
 Bangladeshi Author Anisul Hoque Explores Craft of Writing in Iowa 
 Sample of works by Anisul Hoque 
 Bio of writers: IWP 2010 
 Why I write the way I write 

1965 births
Living people
Bangladeshi writers
Bangla Academy Literary Award winners
People from Rangpur Division
Kabir Bakul (born November 21, 1966) is a lyricist from  Bangladesh. He has also worked as a journalist. He earned the National Film Award as the Best Lyricist at 2008, 2009, 2010,  and 2013. Kabir Bakul was born on November 21, 1966 in Chandpur District. His wife is singer Dinat Jahan Munni. They have two daughters, Prerona and Protikkha, and a son, Procchod. At present, he is working at Maasranga Television as Head of Event and Planning. In 1994, he wrote a song for the movie “Ogni Sontan”. For this song he was nominated for the Best Lyricist at the Bangladesh Film Director Samity Awards.
Songs 
Kabir Bakul has written poems since he was young. He started writing song lyrics in 1988. That year, he wrote 13 songs for singer Tapan Chowdhury. From those songs, two were released on albums. The first song was "Kal sara raat tomari kakon jeno mone mone rinijhini bejeche". The singer was Ayub Bacchu. The second song was "Pothe jete jete khujechi tomay" for singer Nasim Ali Khan. He has written 800 songs for movies. He has written over 5000 songs in total.

Popular songs

From movies 
 Jai din jai ekaki
 Keu prem kore keu preme pore
 Amar majhe nei ekhon ami
 Dukkhotake dilam chute
 Asbar kale aslam eka
 Akash chuyese matike
 Eto valobeso na amay
 Lajuk patar moto lojjaboti
 Tomare dekhilo porano voriya
 Ekta chad chara raat aadhar kalo

On albums 
 Keno ei nissongota
 Bestota amake dey na oboshor
 Kal maiya kal boila
 Prithibir moto ridoytake
 Priyar moner kotha bidhata jane
 Dekhle tomay monta amar chomke jai
 Ful joto sundor hoy na keno
Teleflim & Drama 
Kabir Bakul wrote a drama named Goodbye America. It was broadcast July 2012 on Eid program. His second drama, Kajoler Ontordan was broadcast October 2012 on RTV.

Awards & Felicitation 
 National Film Award 2008, 2009,2010, 2013
 Bangladesh Cholochittro Sangbadik Samity (BCSS) 1998, 2006
 Bangladesh Projojok samity award, 2001
 Binodon Bichitra Award 2009
 Channel I-Citycell Music Award 2004
 London Bangla Chanel Award 2010
 Chandpur New Work Association Felicitation 2004
 Chandpur Press Club Felicitation
 Choturonggo (Drama Group) Felicitation

References

1966 births
Living people
Lyricists
Bangladeshi poets
screenwriters
Recipients of Bangladesh National Film Awards
Marisa Lee Miller (born August 6, 1978),née Berdetta, is an American actress and model.  She is best known for being in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues and her work for lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret.

References

1978 births
Models from California
Living people
Actors from California
Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum (1923 – 1996), also known as Louis Frédéric or Louis-Frédéric,  was a French scholar, art historian, writer, translator and editor.  He was a specialist in the cultures of Asia, especially India and Japan.

Early life
Louis-Frédéric was born in Paris in 1923.  He studied at the Sorbonne and the École pratique des hautes études.

Career
Louis-Frédéric wrote many books on India, Japan and Southeast Asia.

He was the editor of the 10-volume Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations which was published in eight editions in English between 1977 and 1987. 

Louis-Frédéric's Japan encyclopedia was published in six editions in English and French between 1996 and 2005.
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Louis-Frédéric, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 170 works in 337 publications in 14 languages and 7,762 library holdings.
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 L'Inde: ses temples, ses sculptures, 1959
 Sud-Est asiatique: Temples et Sculptures, 1964
 La danse sacrée de l'Inde, 
 Japon: arts et civilisation, 1969
 La vie quotidienne au Japon à l'époque des Samurai (1185-1603), 1969
 Tôkyô, 1970
 Le Shintô, esprit et religion du Japon, 1972
 Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations (10 vol.), 1977-1984
 La vie quotidienne au Japon au début de l'ère moderne (1868-1912),1984
 Japon, l'empire éternel, 1985
 Japon intime, 1986
 Dictionnaire de la civilisation indienne, 1987
 A dictionary of the martial art, 1991
 L'Art de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud-Est, 1994
 Les Dieux du bouddhisme, 1996
  Le Japon, dictionnaire et civilisation, 1996
 Histoire de l'Inde et des Indiens, 1996

References
References

Other websites
 Frédéric, Louis (1923-1996) at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

1923 births
1996 deaths
French Japanologists
French writers
French translators
French editors
Lois Griffin is a character in the television comedy Family Guy.

Information 
She is the wife of Peter Griffin. They have three children, Meg, Chris, and Stewie. They are an American family and Lois has a New Yorker accent. Alex Borstein does her voice. Lois to was to a rich family and her parents are Carter and Babs Pewterschmidt.  

Lois has one sister, Carol, and one brother named Patrick, who she didn't know existed until she saw an photo from her childhood, taken on Christmas day. Patrick was taken away to a Mental hospital as a child. 

Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Family Guy characters
Animated human characters