Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In 1991, Masur became music director of the New York Philharmonic. He stayed there for over a decade, helping to make them one of the world’s finest orchestras.

From 2000 to 2007, Masur was principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra,. From 2002 to 2008, Masur was music director of the Orchestre National de France.

On his 80th birthday (18 July 2007), Masur conducted musicians from both these orchestras at a Proms concert in London, conducting music by Tchaikovsky and Bruckner.

Masur enjoyed working with young musicians, conducting youth orchestras and giving masterclasses. He has given lessons on the art of conducting Beethoven’s music.

Personal life
Masur has been married three times. His first wife, with whom he had a daughter, died in 1972 in a car accident. Masur himself was badly injured in that accident. Until his death, he lived with his third wife, Tomoko. They have a son, Ken-David, who has also become a conductor.
On 26 April 2012 Masur fell off the podium while he was conducting the National Orchestra of France at a concert in Paris. He was taken to hospital to recover from his injuries.

Masur died of Parkinson's disease at his home in Greenwich, Connecticut on December 19, 2015 at the age of 88.

References

Other websites 
 Kurt Masur official website 

1927 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Connecticut
German conductors
Lodi is a province in the region of Lombardy in Italy.

Lodi
Mantua (or ) is a province in the region of Lombardy in Italy.

Mantua
The 2008 Sichuan earthquake () was a big earthquake in China on May 12, 2008. Thousands of people were killed, thousands more people were missing and thousands were hurt. Millions of people were left homeless after their houses fell down. The earthquake could be felt 58 of kilometres away.

Earthquake details 
The earthquake was measured at 8.0Ms and 8.3 Mw by the China Seismological Bureau.

The earthquake happened at 2:d, at a depth of . The earthquake was felt in Beijing  away and in Shanghai  away. Tall office buildings in those cities shook with the tremor. The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries.
It is believed that 69,227 people died, 374,643 people were hurt, and 17,923 people listed as missing. (September 2008 numbers) The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million.  Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people.

52 big aftershocks, ranging in size from 4.4 to 6.0, were recorded within 72 hours of the main tremor.

Scientists worked out that the earth moved up to  along the Longmen Shan Fault. This fault is about  long and  deep. The earthquake made the ground on the surface move more than . Japanese seismologist, Yuji Yagi, said that the earthquake took place in two parts. The fault tore in two sections, the first one moving about . In the second part of the quake the fault moved another .
Where the quake was felt 
A list of places that felt the earthquake::
 : Tremors were felt everywhere but not Xinjiang, Jilin or Heilongjiang.
  Hong Kong: Tremors were felt about 3 minutes after the quake, and lasted for 30 seconds.
  Macau: Tremors were felt about 3 minutes after the quake.
 : Tremors were felt about 5 minutes after the earthquake in the north of Vietnam.
 : In parts of Thailand tremors were felt 6 minutes after the quake. Office buildings in Bangkok shook for several minutes.
  Taiwan: It took about 8 minutes for the quake to reach Taiwan. The tremors lasted for nearly 2 minutes.
 : Tremors were felt about 8 minutes after the earthquake.
 : Tremors were felt 8 and a half minutes after the quake.
 : Tremors were felt about 8 and a half minutes after the quake.
 : Tremors were felt about 9 minutes after the earthquake in parts of India.
 : In Northern Pakistan tremors were felt 10 minutes after the quake.
 : Tremors were felt in Tuva.
Earth movements 
The quake happened because a part of the earth's surface, called the Indian plate, is slowly moving north. It is moving about  every year. It crashes into the Eurasian plate. This has pushed up the ground and made the Himalaya mountains. Some of the earth's crust gets pushed into Sichuan and southern China. This pushing has caused many earthquakes in China. The epicentre was in the mountains on the eastern edge of the Qing-Tibet Plateau. This is on the north west edge of the Sichuan Basin. The earthquake was caused by movement on a north east fault. This is the Longmen Shan fault, that runs along the edge of the basin.

First reaction to the quake
Office buildings in Shanghai, including the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower, were evacuated (all the people were made to leave). Emergency services in Chengdu could not answer all the phone calls .  Workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes. The Chengdu airport was shut down. One SilkAir flight was sent to land in nearby Kunming instead. Cathay Pacific flights from Hong Kong to London were stopped. Chengdu airport reopened as the airport was used for relief operations.

Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks in walls of some buildings. In Beijing many office buildings were evacuated. This included the building with the media offices for the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged. A train with 13 petrol tanks came of the railway tracks in Huixian County, Gansu Province, and caught on fire. The earthquake had twisted the rails.
All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others across Sichuan province, were damaged. This slowed down arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan county, 80% of the buildings collapsed. In Shifang, 2 chemical factories were damaged and leaked 80 tons of liquid ammonia. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a UNESCO World Heritage Site was damaged. This is an ancient water system which is still in use. The famous Fish Mouth was cracked.

Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange stopped trading in companies based in south west China. The price of copper rose because production stopped. Oil prices dropped because people thought China would not need as much oil.

Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Mobile had lost more than 2,300 base stations due to lack of power and too many phone calls. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and nearby areas were cut off, with more than 700 phone towers out of action.
Two pandas at a Giant Panda reserve were injured. Two others went missing after the quake.

The Zipingpu hydro power station,  east of the epicenter, was destroyed. The dam wall cracked, and the buildings collapsed. The Tulong dam was in danger of bursting. About 2,000 troops were sent to Zipingpu, to try and release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, were damaged by the quake.

By May 18, 2008, 21 new lakes had formed in the Sichuan. This was because the earthquake blocked rivers. Villages had to be evacuated because of the flooding.

People killed 
The Chinese government said the quake killed 69,181 people, including 68,636 in Sichuan province. There are 18,498 people listed as missing; 374,171 people were injured. This includes 158 workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to fix roads.
One rescue team found only 2,300 people still alive in Yingxiu. Before the quake there had been about 9,000 people there. In Beichuan county, 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed, 10,000 injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. Eight schools fell down in Dujiangyan.
A 56-year-old Taiwanese tourist was killed in Dujiangyan. He was trying to rescue 11 tourists trapped on the Lingyanshan Ropeway. Because of the earthquake, they had been trapped inside the cable cars.

Schools 
Thousands of school children died because of badly built schools.
least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.
Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was arrested on June 25, 2008. He had been spreading "rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan Earthquake. Liu had gone to the Shifang (什邡) area, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online. He had also said he was angry at “the shoddy tofu buildings” in a media interview. He has been ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor (劳动教养) (RTL). Because of complaints from the other countries, Liu has been released to serve his RTL sentence outside of the labor camp.

Safety checks are to be carried out at schools across China. The National Development and Reform Commission are making new laws to improve building standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas.
Building damage 
Insurance companies have put their losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake. The total cost of damage could be more than US$20 billion. Chengdu, a city of 4.5 million people, had a value of about US$115 billion. Only a small part was insured.

The damage to buildings in the earthquake was because of Chinese building designs. China did not have earthquake building rules until after the big Tangshan earthquake in 1976. Older buildings, built before 1976, were not designed to stay up in an earthquake. News reports showed that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit.

Rescue efforts 

Chinese Communist Party's general secretary Hu Jintao said that help and assistance would be quick. Premier Wen Jiabao, immediately flew to the earthquake area to plan the rescue work.
The China's Health Ministry sent 10 emergency medical teams. The Chengdu Military Area Command sent 50,000 troops and police to help in Wenchuan County. A relief team of 184 people left Beijing:
 12 people from the State Seismological Bureau.
 150 from the Beijing Military Area Command.
 22 people from the Armed Police General Hospital.

Because of the mountains, the soldiers found it very difficult to get help to the rural areas.

Many rescue teams, including the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, said they were ready to help. It was difficult to move people into the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter. It was not possible to reach the area because roads were damaged and blocked by landslides. People needed tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food. .
The small village of Sier could only be reached by walking. Landslides were a danger to a search and rescue group of 80 men. Each man carried about  of relief supplies. The village is  above sea level. The extreme mountain conditions meant they could not use helicopters. Over 300 Tibetan villagers were stranded in the ruined village without food and water. Commander Yang Wenyao's rescue group arrived after walking for 5 days, and helped the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain

Heavy rain and landslides made rescue efforts difficult. 20 helicopters were used on the first day to deliver food, water, emergency aid and carry injured people. The next day, 15,600 troops from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue force. Within 2 days telephones in the major town of Wenchuan were being fixed. 100 soldiers, along with relief supplies, parachuted into inaccessible Maoxian County, northeast of Wenchuan.
Three days after the quake, China's Premiere Wen Jiabao ordered another 90 helicopters. A total of 150 aircraft were used in relief work. This is China's largest ever non-combat airlifting operation.
After the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over China. People gave money at schools, banks, and gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in long line-ups in most major Chinese cities.

International help 
China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake. The Tzu Chi Foundation arrived from Taiwan on May 13. This was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort. 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan arrived in Chengdu by May 15.
Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised China's rescue effort as "swift and very efficient". He said the size of the disaster was so big that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The Economist said that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness". This was different to Myanmar's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which struck the country 10 days before the earthquake.

On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with the Chinese government. The US sent two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which included tents and generators.
Internet help 
The Internet has been used for passing information to help rescue and recovery in China. For example, the official Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the problems in disaster recovery. When rescue helicopters had trouble landing near the epicenter in Wenchuan, a student proposed a new landing spot online. Volunteers have also set up several websites to help store contact information for victims.

National mourning
National mourning 

The State Council declared 3 days of national mourning (sadness) for the quake victims starting on May 19, 2008. The Chinese National Flag was raised to half-mast. It is the first time China had national mourning days for something other than the death of a state leader. Many people say it the biggest display of mourning since the death of Mao At 14:28 CST on May 19, 2008, one week after the earthquake, the Chinese public held a moment of silence. People stood silent for 3 minutes. Air defense, police and fire sirens, and the horns of vehicles, vessels and trains sounded. Cars on Beijing's roads stopped. After the silence, in Tiananmen Square, crowds began calling out "Long Live China".

The Ningbo Organizing Committee of Beijing Olympic torch relay stopped the relay for 3 days.
Chinese websites changed their front pages to black and white. Sina.com and Sohu, changed their homepage to news items only, and removed all advertisements. Chinese video sharing websites, youku and Tudou, had a black background and only showed videos about the earthquake. Other entertainment websites, including gaming sites, were blacked out. Other websites had links to earthquake donations.

Chinese TV stations made their logo in gray. They showed non-stop earthquake footage from CCTV-1. Even pay television channels, such as Channel V China, also showed earthquake footage. Some TV stations stopped showing commercials.
On May 18, CCTV-1 had a special 4 hour TV show called The Giving of Love (爱的奉献). Many famous people from China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan were on the show. People watching gave about 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan ($US 208 million) for the victims. The entertainers sang "Tomorrow Will be Better", followed by Faye Wong singing "Wishing We Last Forever".

References

Other websites
Other websites

News records 
 BBC's Chinese Earthquake Main Page
 China Earthquake Toll tops 40,000
 Tourist Trail of Sichuan in Ruins
 Town Mourns as Search Continues
 BBC - Map of the Affected Region
 The Quake hits the Web
 CNN - Chinese Earthquake Portal
 Chinese Olympic Torch Relay Delayed 
 Unity and Patriotism Sweeps China
 Stadium becomes Tent City after Chinese Earthquake
 New York Times Topic - Sichuan Earthquake
 Rescue Ends One Ordeal for Young Chinese Pupils
 Global Monitor Finds no Radioactive Leaks in Quake Zone
 Eight Earthquake Pandas Going to Beijing
 Two Detained for Spreading Quake Rumor in China
 Xinhua News Agency - Strong Earthquake Jolts SW China
 Government allocates 70 billion yuan for reconstruction
 Rescuers helped by 680,000 volunteers
 Quake Relief Still at Critical Point

Online maps 
 BBC - Map of the Affected Region
 CNN - Map of the Affected Region
 New York Times - Map of the Affected Region
 Relief Web - Map of the Affected Region
 USGS - Map of the Affected Region
Media 
 Sichuan Earthquake Pictures Archive 
 Life and Death, Love and Pain: Snapshots of Sichuan Earthquake 
 BBC
 Compilation of BBC Videos Related to the Earthquake
  BBC NEWS Video, Quake hits western China
 CNN
 CNN - Chinese Earthquake Entire Video Archive
 Xinhua News Agency
 Leaders Inspect Quake Relief Work
 Rescuers Comb Quake-Hit Areas

Scientific and educational sites 
 Identification of Earthquake Faults In Sichuan
 USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: An Informational Page about Sichuan quake 
 MIT Report: Earthquake near Wenchuan, West Sichuan, China
 Caltech Report: The Science Behind China's Sichuan Earthquake 
 China Lacks Earthquake Early-Warning System
 Lake Formation in the Aftermath of Magnitude 7.9 Earthquake (images included) 

2008 in China
Earthquakes in the 2000s
Earthquakes in China
Sichuan
May 2008 events
2008 disasters
Alvin Journeyman (1995) is an alternate history and fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card. It is the fourth book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son, which gives him magical powers.

Other websites
 About the novel Alvin Journeyman from Card's website

1995 books
The Tales of Alvin Maker
Milan () was a province in the region of Lombardy in Italy.

Milan
Red Prophet (1988) is an alternate history/fantasy book by Orson Scott Card. It is the second book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son. Red Prophet was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1988 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1989.

Plot summary 
The second book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series, Red Prophet is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son, which gives him magical powers; Lolla-Wossiky; Tenskwa-Tawa; and Ta-Kumsaw, Lolla-Wossiky's older brother.

It is a separate story, but the book continues and develops many of the themes shown in the first book. When Alvin Miller and his older brother Measure go to the place of his birth, where Alvin is supposed to become apprenticed to the Hattrack River blacksmith, the two brothers are captured by "Reds" (Native Americans) and are brought into a plot with the possibilities to affect the entire future of America.
Other websites
 About the novel Red Prophet from Card's website

1988 books
The Tales of Alvin Maker
Sondrio is a province in the region of Lombardy in Italy.

Sondrio
Prentice Alvin (1989) is an alternate history and fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card. It is the third book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son (this gives him magical powers). Prentice Alvin was considered for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990.

Plot summary 
After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw, an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of Indian people, Alvin sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town in which he was born.

While there he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart, the son of a slave and a slaveowner who has been taken in by the owners of the town's guesthouse.

Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Peggy Larner, who he later finds out that she is the "torch" who helped him to be born so many years ago, and he has been linked to her since that day.
Eventually, Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape from some slavehunters, which requires him to change Arthur's DNA enough to prevent the hunters fromage using their "knacks" (special powers) to find him. Alvin also creates a plow of living gold, which is bestowed with magic, as his journeyman works to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith and also as a Maker.

The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and going back to Alvin's home in the west.

Other websites
 About the novel Prentice Alvin from Card's website

1989 books
The Tales of Alvin Maker
George Winston (December 26, 1949 – June 4, 2023) was an American pianist. He was born in Michigan in 1949 but moved to Montana as a child. Most of his music was about the four seasons and landscapes in the United States.

He released his first album in 1972. Winston became popular with his 1980 album, Autumn, which was followed by Winter into Spring. His most successful album December was released in 1982. He released a total of 16 albums. His 1994 album Forest earned him a Grammy award. 

Winston had thyroid cancer, skin cancer, and myelodysplastic syndrome. He died from cancer on June 4, 2023 in Santa Cruz, California at the age of 73.

Discography
 1972 Ballads and Blues
 1980 Autumn
 1982 Winter into Spring
 1982 December
 1991 Summer
 1994 Forest
 1996 Linus and Lucy - The Music of Vince Guaraldi
 1999 Plains
 2001 Remembrance - A Memorial Benefit
 2002 Night Divides the Day - The Music of the Doors
 2005 Montana - A Love Story
 2006 Gulf Coast Blues & Impressions: A Hurricane Relief Benefit
Soundtracks 
 1983 The Velveteen Rabbit
 1995 Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes
 1989 A Baker's Dozen of Daily Breads and More

References

Other websites
George Winston official website
Dancing Cat Records - Winston's Record Label

American pianists
1949 births
2023 deaths
Musicians from Michigan
Musicians from Montana
American folk musicians
American R&B musicians
American guitarists
Grammy Award winners
Deaths from thyroid cancer
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
Deaths from skin cancer
Octane is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an alkane with eight carbon atoms. It is commonly used in fuel. It is the most important part of gasoline, because it is the part that lets out most of the energy that comes from gasoline when it is burned. A high octane fuel will be better than a low octane fuel.

References 

8
Sir Frederick William Herschel FRS (15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-British astronomer, the greatest observational astronomer of the day. He is best known for discovering Uranus in 1781. He also discovered infrared radiation, binary stars, and published important catalogues of stars and nebulae. Herschel built many telescopes, including the largest in the world at that time.

Herschel was also a musician in his younger days. He played the cello, oboe, harpsichord and organ. He composed numerous musical works, including 24 symphonies and many concertos, as well as some church music.
Early life 
Herschel was born in the Electorate of Hanover, one of ten children. His father was of Jewish descent, and an oboist in the Hannover Military Band. In 1755 the Hannoverian Guards regiment, in whose band Wilhelm and his brother Jakob were engaged as oboists, was ordered to England. At the time the crowns of Great Britain and Hanover were united under George II. The next year the brothers resigned from the Guards band, and moved to London to avoid the Seven Years' War.p4 Wilhelm, nineteen years old at this time, learnt the English language quickly. In England he went by the English version of his name, Frederick William Herschel.

Astronomy 

Herschel's music led him to an interest in mathematics and lenses. His interest in astronomy grew stronger after 1773 and he made the acquaintance of the English Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne. He started building his own reflecting telescopes and would spend up to 16 hours a day grinding and polishing the metal primary mirrors.
Uranus 
When he discovered Uranus, Herschel was not looking for a planet but doing a survey of stars; it was an accidental discovery.

It was the first discovery of a new planet since ancient times. The first five, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, are visible with the naked eye, and have been known since early history. Uranus was the first discovered by telescope. Actually, Uranus had been seen before by other observers with telescopes, but had been marked on charts as a fixed star. Herschel found it moved against the background of stars, and at first thought it was a comet. His measurements were used by the French mathematician Pierre Laplace, who worked out its orbit, and proved it was a planet.
Herschel called the new planet the 'Georgian star' (Georgium sidus) after King George III, which brought him favour; the name did not stick, however. In France, where reference to the British king was to be avoided if possible, the planet was known as 'Herschel' until the name 'Uranus' was universally adopted. The same year, Herschel was awarded the Copley Medal and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1782, he was appointed "The King’s Astronomer". He got a generous award from the king, which enabled him to stop work as a musician, and devote all his time to astronomy. The award was a life pension to Herschel of £200 a year, and £50 a year to Caroline. Work on the 40-foot telescope was also supported by a grant from the king.p6

Herschel's telescopes 

During the course of his career, he constructed more than four hundred telescopes. He was helped in this by his brother Alexander who, like Caroline, spent all his time working as Herschel's assistant.
The largest and most famous of his telescopes was a reflecting telescope with a  main  mirror and a 40-foot (12 m) focal length. This was the world's largest telescope from 1789 until it was dismantled (taken apart) 50 years later.p6 The mirror was made of a hard metal alloy of tin and copper, called 'speculum', which he polished by hand.

On 28 August 1789, his first night of observation using this instrument, he discovered a new moon of Saturn. A second moon followed within the first month of observation. However, the 40-foot telescope was awkward to use, and most of his observations were done with a smaller    reflector. 

He continued his work as a telescope maker, selling many of them to other astronomers. Together with his pension from the king, the money helped support him and his two siblings in their work.
Star catalogue 
Herschel used to work with his sister Caroline Herschel. She recorded his observations as he made them. In 1783 he gave Caroline a telescope, and she began to make astronomical discoveries in her own right, particularly comets. 

Caroline discovered eight comets, three nebulae and, at her brother's suggestion, updated and corrected Flamsteed's work on the position of stars. This was published as the British Catalogue of Stars. She was honoured by the Royal Astronomical Society for this work. Caroline also continued to serve as his assistant.

Binary stars 
Herschel was the first to find out that some line-of-sight apparent double stars were actually true binary star systems where the two stars revolved around each other. This was the first evidence that Newton's laws of gravitation apply outside the Solar System. Herschel discovered 850 binary stars, and worked up the first catalogue of binary stars. His son John Herschel discovered many more, and extended the catalogue.
Solar System and Milky Way 

Herschel studied the changes in star position relative to the Solar System. Changes do occur, and quite rapidly for some nearby stars. Also, the whole Solar System moves, and this was discovered by Herschel.

From studying the proper motion of stars, he was the first to realize that the solar system is moving through space. He worked out the approximate direction of that movement. He also studied the structure of the Milky Way and concluded that it was in the shape of a disk. This was also a really significant discovery.

Discovery of infrared radiation 
On 11 February 1800, Herschel was testing filters for the sun so he could observe sun spots. When using a red filter he found there was a lot of heat produced.
Herschel discovered infrared radiation by passing sunlight through a prism and holding a thermometer just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum. This thermometer was meant to be a control to measure the ambient air temperature in the room. He was shocked when it showed a higher temperature than the visible spectrum. Further experimentation led to Herschel's conclusion that there must be an invisible form of light beyond the visible spectrum.

Family and death
William Herschel and his wife Mary had one child, John. In 1816, William was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order by the Prince Regent. 

Herschel died at Observatory House, Windsor Road, Slough, Buckinghamshire, and is buried at nearby St Laurence's Church, Upton. He died in his 84th year, which is the same number of years Uranus takes to orbit the Sun. His son John Herschel also became a famous astronomer. His sister Caroline returned to Hanover, Germany after the death of her brother. She died on 9 January 1848 at the age of 97.
His house at 19 New King Street in Bath, Somerset where he made many telescopes and first observed Uranus, is now home to the Herschel Museum of Astronomy.

References

1738 births
1822 deaths
18th-century British composers
English astronomers
Fellows of the Royal Society
German organists
18th-century German composers
The Caiman is a subfamily of the Alligators. The alligators are divided into True alligators and caimans. Caimans and true alligators develop slower than the rest of the crocodiles. Their lifestyle is also slower. Because of this, they grow older than the other crocodiles. In total, there are 6 species of caimans. All of them live in South America, the Spectacled Caiman can also be found in Central America.

There are three groups:

 True Caiman (Caiman)
 Musky caiman Spectacled Caiman (C. Crocodilus)
 Yacare Caiman (C. Yakare)
 Broad-snouted caiman (C. latirostris)

 Paleosuchus (Dwarf caimans?)
 Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman
 Smooth-fronted Caiman (P. trigonatus)), also known as Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger'') (h) (only member of Melanosuchus)

Crocodilia
Reptiles of South America
Cluj is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania. The capital of Cluj County is Cluj-Napoca. About 755,000 people live in Cluj County.

Geography 
Cluj County has an area of 6,674 km².

Divisions 
Cluj County has 5 municipalities, 1 town and 74 communes.

Municipalities 
 Cluj-Napoca
 Turda
 Dej
 Câmpia Turzii
 Gherla

Towns 
 Huedin

Communes 

Cluj
Transylvania
Tangipahoa Parish is a parish in the U.S. State of Louisiana. The parish was put together from parts of 4 other parishes in 1869. Before it was a parish, many slaves were forced to work on sugar plantations in the area. After the Civil War, the white people continued to be very violent towards the black people they had enslaved. All across the south, there were lynchings against black people. Tangipahoa Parish had more lynchings than any nearby parish.

References

Other websites 

 Visitor's Bureau website, Tangipahoa history 

 
1869 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Louisiana
Quetzalcóatlus, or simply Quetzalcóatl (pronounced: ketsalˈkoːaːtɬ in Nahuatl), is an Aztec sky and creator god. The name is a combination of quetzalli, a brightly colored Mesoamerican bird, and coatl, which means serpent; it is therefore usually translated as "feathered serpent" or "plumed serpent". Quetzalcoatl was often pictured as a snake with feathers, although he was sometimes shown in the form of a human. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the planet Venus, as well as being the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and of knowledge.
The name Quetzalcoatl was also taken on by several ancient Aztec leaders. Many events and characteristics attributed to Quetzalcoatl are therefore exceedingly difficult to separate from the political leaders who took his name. To name one leader Herman Cortes who sailed to the Aztecs to conquer and to steal their gold. Today Quetzalcoatl is arguably the best known Aztec deity but there were several other important Aztec gods too: Tlaloc, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli. 

Other Mesoamerican cultures have worshipped a feathered serpent god as well: At Teotihuacan the several monumental structures have images of a feathered serpent (See the so-called "Citadel and Temple of Quetzalcoatl" ). One can see similar images at Chichén Itza and Tula. This has led scholars to conclude that the deity called Quetzalcoatl in the Nahuatl language was among the most important deities of Mesoamerica.
Legends
There are many legends associated with Quetzalcoatl. One legend said that the world had been created four times before, but each time it was destroyed again. Then Quetzalcoatl collected human bones from the underworld and added his own blood to bring them to life. He was therefore considered the creator of the humans living at the time of the Aztec Empire.

Another legend said that Quetzalcoatl had been banished, but that he would return from the east just before the end of the world. This legend has been used to support the idea that the Aztec leader Moctezuma thought that the Spanish conquistador Cortés was Quetzalcoatl returning from exile. This would also explain why Moctezuma treated the Spanish so well. However, most historians now think that this idea was invented by the Spanish, and that Moctezuma didn't really think that Cortés was a god.

Notes

References

Relevant pages 
Quetzalcoatlus, a huge pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous was named after Quetzalcoatl

Aztec gods and goddesses
Heartfire (1998) is an alternate history and fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card. It is the fifth book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son, which gives him magical powers.

Other websites
 About the novel Heartfire from Card's website

1998 books
The Tales of Alvin Maker
Pattern matching is a family of tools for finding similar objects in different sources.  In image processing, the pattern matching is used for locating a small image (called model) in a bigger one (called target image).  For searching text, regular expressions are commonly used.

The simple way is to move the model in the target image and measure a similarity in each position.  The position with highest value of the similarity will be accepted as result.  The normalized correlation is used as a common metric for similarity.  

The common way to reduce an amount of calculations is using the image pyramid.  When using the image pyramid, the search is started on the reduced target image, and results are improved in the next, more detailed one.  This process is similar to the human vision.

Tools
The Crystal City (2003) is an alternate history/fantasy book that is written by Orson Scott Card. It is the sixth book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son (which gives him magical powers).

Other websites

 About the novel The Crystal City from Card's website

2003 books
The Tales of Alvin Maker
The Tales of Alvin Maker is a series of books by Orson Scott Card about the experiences of a young man, Alvin Miller, who finds out that he has special powers to make and change things around him. It takes place in an alternate history of the American frontier in the early 1800s and is based on early American folklore and superstition.

Books
 Seventh Son (1987)
 Red Prophet (1988)
 Prentice Alvin (1989)
 Alvin Journeyman (1995)
 Heartfire (1998)
 The Crystal City (2003)
 Master Alvin (planned)

Other websites
 The official Orson Scott Card website

The Tales of Alvin Maker
Series of books
The Atlanta Falcons are an American football team in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a member of the NFC South of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Falcons joined the NFL as a 1966 expansion team. The Falcon's quarterback is Matt Ryan.  Their uniform is a red jersey with white pants.  An old nickname for the Falcons is Red Birds.  In their 42 years in the NFL, the Falcons have a record of 262-386-6 with division championships in 1980, 1998, 2004, 2010 and 2012. They have played twice in the Super Bowl. This was in 1999 in Miami in which they lost to the Denver Broncos and 2017 against the New England Patriots.

Their current stadium since 2017 is the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1992 through 2016, the Georgia Dome was their home stadium for 25 seasons before it was destroyed and replaced.

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
 The Atlanta Falcons  at GeorgiaEncyclopedia.org
1966 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
The New Orleans Saints are a professional American football team in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The Saints play in the  Southern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL).

In 1980, the Saints became the first ever NFL team to finish with 1 win and 15 losses.

After a history of bad luck, the Saints won Super Bowl XLIV in the 2009 season off an interception from Peyton Manning by cornerback Tracy Porter. That was also meaningful because only about four years earlier the city was badly hurt when Hurricane Katrina came through in 2005. 

That was later tarnished as in 2012 they and defesnive coodinator Gregg Williams were exposed to have used a bounty stystem, in which players were paid to deliver especially hard/illegal hits to the opponent. Brees denied knowing of the system. The Saints soon recovered and won three straight NFC South division titles.

The team name was inspired by a popular Mardi Gras song called "When the Saints Go Marching In".
The Saints have several famous players including their starting quarterback Drew Brees. They also have running back Alvin Kamara, wide receiver Michael Thomas, defensive end Cameron Jordan, cornerback Marshon Lattimore, and two linebackers in Demario Davis and Kwon Alexander.

After drew Brees's 16 years with the Saints, he retired in the 2021 offseason.

References 
 Brees denies knowledge of bounty

Other websites 
New Orleans Saints official web site
The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team in Los Angeles, California, United States. Originally known as the Cleveland Rams,  and then later as the St. Louis Rams, they are currently in the Western Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The team has won two NFL Championships and two Super Bowls. Their starting quarterback is Matthew Stafford. They play at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, California.
The Rams played in Cleveland, Ohio from 1936 to 1945, before moving to Los Angeles, California in 1946. The Rams stayed in Los Angeles until the 1995 season, when the team moved to St. Louis, Missouri and played there until 2015.  In 2015, the team was sold and was moved back to Los Angeles. Stan Kroenke, the team’s current owner, met with other NFL owners to approve the move. The owners approved the Rams' move to Los Angeles with a 30–2 margin. The Rams returned to Los Angeles at the beginning of the 2016 season. The Rams have won the Super Bowl title in 1999, when they were established in St. Louis.

On May 31, 2009, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that the Rams were up for sale. The sale price was not known, but Forbes magazine's estimated that the Rams' value was $929 million.

Pro Football Hall of Famers
Eric Dickerson RB
Kurt Warner QB
Jackie Slater OT
Jack Youngblood OLB
Jerome Bettis RB
Ollie Matson RB
Orlando Pace OT
Deacon Jones DE
Marshall Faulk RB
Issac Bruce WR

References
References

Other websites
Official website
Gary Lightbody was born on 15 June 1976 in Northern Ireland. He is the lead singer of the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. He first started Snow Patrol under the name "Polar Bears" while at the University of Dundee, Scotland, in 1994.

References

Irish singers
Musicians from Northern Ireland
Rock guitarists
1976 births
Living people
Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American science fiction magazine. As of 2007, it is the longest currently published magazine of that genre. First published in 1930 in the United States with the name Astounding Stories as a pulp magazine, its name has been changed several times, such as Astounding Science-Fiction in 1938, and  Analog Science Fact & Fiction in 1960.

References

Analog Science Fiction and Fact official web site
Index (1930-1960) 
Index (1960-Present) 

American magazines
Science_fiction
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are as follows:

Prefixes

01 and 02 - Geographic Numbers
Numbers beginning 01 or 02 are normal phone numbers for home and business telephone lines. 
These numbers are always split into two parts:
 The area code comes first, and is linked to a specific part of the country. For example, the 020 area code is for London and the 0121 code is for Birmingham. When calling between two phones that have the same area code, this part is optional. It is sometimes shown inside brackets to make this clear. The area code can be two to five digits long.
 The second part, usually separated from the code by a space, is known as the 'local number' or 'subscriber number'. It is normally 6, 7 or 8 digits long but can sometimes be only 4 or 5 digits long. This is always unique within an area code. For example, only one person in Manchester could have the number 9460018. 
Examples: (020) 7946 0018, (0117) 504 1102, (01632) 402881, (01647) 61321, (015394) 52749, (016977) 3789.
03 - UK-Wide Numbers
Numbers beginning with 03 are for businesses, government and other organisations that need a number not linked to any single part of the country. The law says they must always cost the same to call as normal 01 and 02 phone numbers from fixed telephones and from mobiles and be included in all call package bundles.

05 - Businesses and Internet Phones
 055 numbers are used by big businesses that need a lot of numbers for their own private phone networks
 056 numbers are used for internet phone services and let people call an internet phone from a normal telephone. Internet phones can also use other types of numbers
 0500 numbers are free to call from fixed telephones.
07 - Mobile and Personal Numbers
These numbers are for mobile phones and similar mobile services:
 070 numbers are 'personal numbers' that people and business use to forward calls as they move around between different phones and can be very expensive to call
 076 numbers are for pagers (except for 07624 which is mobile phones)
 All other numbers beginning 07 are for mobile phones.
08 - Special Rate
These are numbers that are charged at a different price to normal phone calls.
 0800 and 0808 numbers are free to call from fixed telephones. Except for a few specific charity and helpline numbers, calls from mobile phones are not free.
 Numbers starting with 084 are revenue-share numbers and impose a Service Charge of 1 to 5 pence per minute on the caller
 Numbers starting with 087 (except for 0870) are revenue-share numbers and impose a Service Charge of 5 to 10 pence per minute on the caller
 The Service Charge is related to the first six digits of the telephone number called
 Landline providers add an Access Charge of 0 to 10 pence per minute when calling 084 and 087 numbers
 Mobile providers add an Access Charge of 20 to 40 pence per minute when calling 08 numbers. The total price paid can be up to 45 pence per minute and 08 numbers are never included within call packages.
09 - Premium Rate
These are more expensive revenue-share numbers with a Service Charge of up to £1.50 per minute. These numbers are used to pay for services, for recorded information, for dating and for voting in competitions. The caller also pays an Access Charge to their own phone network and this varies from network to network.

Specific Numbers
Operator: 100

Police (non-emergency): 101

National Health Service (non-emergency): 111

Current time: 123 (not available from some mobiles)

Emergency services: 999 or 112

Telephone numbers in Overseas Territories
Telephone numbers in British Overseas Territories do not come under the UK telephone numbering plan. These calls are treated as international calls. Below are the access codes for the overseas territories:

North American Numbering Plan
 Anguilla +1-264
 Bermuda +1-441
 British Virgin Islands +1-284
 Cayman Islands +1-345
 Montserrat +1-664
 Turks and Caicos Islands +1-649
Others
 British Indian Ocean Territory +246
 Falkland Islands +500
 Gibraltar +350
 Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha +290
 Ascension Island +247
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia +357 (Shared with Cyprus)
 Pitcairn Islands +64 (Shared with New Zealand)

Other websites 
List of telephone area codes
 UK Numbering Policy section of Ofcom's website

Telephone numbers
Telnet is a common network protocol used on the Internet and also inside a LAN (local network). It was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15 and is now defined as IETF STD 8, which is one of the first Internet standards. However, due to its lack of security, Telnet has been replaced with Secure Shell (SSH) on most servers.

Telnet is one of the simplest ways to exchange data between two computers. It allows two computers anywhere on a computer network, including the worldwide Internet, to exchange text and other data in real time. It is still widely used for testing computer programs, and is simple enough that it is included on most computers today. But it allows many people to eavesdrop on the data exchange, which is why it has mostly been replaced by SSH.

References

Internet
Computer protocols
Ofcom is the United Kingdom's regulatory body for telecommunications. This means they are responsible for making sure that the law is followed by television and radio broadcasters.

Telecommunications
Pedro Antonio Marín, (1930-2008) known by his pseudonym, Manuel Marulanda Vélez, and nicknamed by his comrades "Tirofijo" (), apparently because of a reputed ability to accurately aim firearms. He was the main leader of the FARC-EP ("Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo"). He was born on May 13, 1930 (a date that has been disputed), in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the Quindío Department, to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during La Violencia.

Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party (PCC) sometime during the period of "La Violencia" (roughly 1948 to 1958) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party's leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán.

He has been considered to be seriously ill, and his death has been reported several times throughout his long career as a guerrilla, but the status of his health remains uncertain.
In March 2006, Alberto Gonzales, the Attorney General of the United States, announced in conjunction with DEA and Department of Justice officials that the State Department had placed a $5 million dollar reward on Tirofijo's head, or for information leading to his capture.  

According to a Brazilian journal, he seems to have sufffered from some form of cancer. There also seem to have been disputes on leadership (of the FARC) in January 2008.

His death has been reported several times; He seems to have died of a heart attack in May 2008 This has now been confirmed.
A Colombian newspaper published an interview with the defense minister of Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos on the 24th of May, 2008. In it,  Santos said, that Colombian intelligence agents thought, that Manuel Marulanda had died on the 26th of March 2008, either of natural causes, or through a heart attack. FARC commander ‘Timochenko’ confirmed on May 25 Telesur that ‘Manuel Marulanda’ died of a heart attack, as announced earlier by the Colombian government and the Colombian armed forces

This information was confirmed on the 25th of May: Marulanda had died of a heart attack.

References

1930 births
2008 deaths
Quindío Department
Colombian criminals‎
In Africa 
As an explorer, Livingstone had some advantages. He usually travelled lightly, and he was able to reassure chiefs that he was not a threat. Other expeditions had many soldiers armed with rifles, and even more people hired to carry supplies. They were often seen as military incursions or were mistaken for slave-raiding parties. Livingstone travelled on most of his journeys with a few servants and porters, bartering for supplies along the way. He only had a couple of guns for protection. He preached a Christian message but did not force it on unwilling ears. He understood the ways of local chiefs, and got permission to go through their territory. He was often hospitably received and aided, even by Mwata Kazembe.