Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
When the albatrosses learn these kind of actions and dances, they also learn things such as pointing, calling, making noises with their bill, staring, and sometimes all of them put together. When a bird first comes it will dance with many other albatrosses, but after a few years, the number of birds it will dance with will lessen until one of the birds are chosen. After becoming a pair, they will never use that dance again.

Albatrosses have a hard time laying their children. It takes a lot of time for an albatross to lay an egg and raise a chick. The great albatrosses take over a year to raise a chick. Albatrosses lay one egg, white with reddish brown spots. But if the egg is taken by other predators or accidentally broken, the parents will not lay another egg for that whole year. The larger eggs weigh from 200–510 g (7.1–18 oz). Two albatrosses do not usually "divorce". This sometimes may happen if several years passed without being able to lay a single egg.
Albatross chicks take a long time to fledge (learn how to fly). In the case of more bigger albatrosses, it can take up to 280 days. And even for the smaller albatrosses, it can take from 140 to 170 days. Like many seabirds, albatross chicks later become even heavier than their mother and father. When they are preparing their body for flying, they may also grow flight feathers, which makes them sometimes as heavy as their parents. Between 15% and 65% of those who fledged survive to find their mate after. Albatross chicks learn to fly on their own. Their parents do not teach them, and instead they return to the nest even after their chick has left.

Albatrosses and humans
Name 
The name albatross came from the Arabic word al-câdous or al-ġaţţās. This means a pelican, or can mean "the diver". This word later became English, also mixed with the Portuguese word alcatraz, which means "gannet". This is also where the name of the prison Alcatraz comes from. The OED explains that the word alcatraz was at first supposed to be used for the frigatebird. But perhaps the change of the word to albatross was because of the Latin word albus. This means "white", which is opposite to the frigatebirds which are black. In Portuguese, the word still presently used for the bird, albatroz, came from the English albatross.

They were once known as Goonie birds or Gooney birds, especially the albatrosses in the North Pacific. In the southern hemisphere, most people still call the albatross mollymawk, which came from the word malle-mugge, an old Dutch. The name Diomedea, given to the albatrosses by Linnaeus, is from the story about the Greek warrior Diomedes becoming a bird.
Culture 
Albatrosses have been described as "the most legendary of all birds". When people are sad or feel they are carrying a burden, they may use the expression 'to have an albatross around their neck'. There is a myth that sailors do not shoot or eat albatrosses because they think it will bring bad luck, but in reality sailors regularly killed and ate them. They were often thought of as the souls of lost sailors. The Māori people used the wing bones of the albatross to carve tattoos into their skin at ceremonies.

Human threats 
Even though they were legendary birds in many myths, albatrosses were still attacked by humans. In the beginning, Polynesians and Aleut people hunted albatrosses. As Europeans began to explore the world, they too began to hunt albatross. They "fished" for them from boats and ate them or killed them for sport.
Of the 21 albatross species noted by the IUCN on their list, 19 are threatened, and the other two are very near to being threatened. Two species are thought of as endangered. This is mostly because albatrosses die while eating fishing bait.

In the Midway Islands there have been many airplane crashes because of collisions with Laysan Albatrosses, causing fatalities in both the albatross and human population. Tall towers killed 3000 birds in between the years 1964-1965. Because of this, the towers were taken down. Recently, people have tried to stop human activity in the islands and this has helped lessen the number of birds dying.
Species 
 Great albatross (Diomedea)
 Wandering Albatross  D. exulans
 Antipodean Albatross D. (exulans) antipodensis
 Amsterdam Albatross D. (exulans) amsterdamensis
 Tristan Albatross D. (exulans) dabbenena
 Northern Royal Albatross D. (epomorpha) sanfordi
 Southern Royal Albatross D. epomophora
 North Pacific albatrosses (Phoebastria)
 Waved Albatross P. irrorata
 Short-tailed Albatross P. albatrus
 Black-footed Albatross P. nigripes
 Laysan Albatross P. immutabilis
 Mollymawks (Thalassarche)
 Black-browed Albatross T. melanophris 
 Campbell Albatross T. (melanophris) impavida
 Shy Albatross T. cauta
 White-capped Albatross T. steadi
 Chatham Albatross T. (cauta) eremita
 Salvin's Albatross T. (cauta) salvini
 Grey-headed Albatross T. chrysostoma
 Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross T. chlororhynchos
 Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross T. (chlororhynchos) carteri
 Buller's Albatross T. bulleri
 Sooty albatrosses (Phoebetria)
 Sooty Albatross P. fusca
 Light-mantled Albatross P. palpebrata.

References
References

Other websites 

 
 HANZAB complete species list  (Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds.)
 BirdLife International Save the Albatross campaign 
 The Agreement for the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP)
 Albatross: Don Roberson's family page 
 Tracking Ocean Wanderers  The global distribution of albatrosses and petrels: Results from the Global Procellariiform Tracking Workshop, 1–5 September 2003, Gordon’s Bay, South Africa. BirdLife International
 Albatross videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
 WWF albatross species profile
 
 Chris Jordan's Midway Atoll albatross photographs

Procellariiformes
Seabirds
Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star that is likely a part of the Alpha Centauri star system and is the closest star to the Sun at a distance of 
. It is in the constellation of Centaurus.

Proxima Centauri was found to share the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri in 1915 by Robert Innes while he was Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa.

In 1951, Harlow Shapley said that Proxima Centauri was a flare star. Recorded photographs showed that the star became measurably brighter about 8% of the time, making it the most active flare star then found.

Characteristics 

Red dwarfs are usually far too faint to be seen with the naked eye, that means without a telescope. Proxima Centauri has an apparent magnitude of 11 while its absolute magnitude is a very dim 15.5. Even from Alpha Centauri A or B, Proxima would only be seen as a 5th magnitude star.
Proxima Centauri has been the closest star to the Sun for about the last 32,000 years. Barnard's Star will make its closest approach to the Sun around AD 11,700, when it approaches to within about 3.8 light-years. However, at that time, it will not be the nearest star, since Proxima Centauri will then have moved even closer to the Sun. Six stars will come closer to Earth in the next 45,000 years.

Planetary system

In 2016, an exoplanet was found by the European Southern Observatory around Proxima Centauri, Proxima Centauri b (or Proxima b). It was found in the habitable zone, and was thought to be Earth-like, with an ESI of 0.87. While being Earth-like, it may not be habitable on the surface, since Proxima Centauri gives off strong solar flares and high solar winds, which could strip away parts of the atmosphere of the planet, making it less habitable.
In October of 2016, scientists at France's CNRS research institute said that the planet may have oceans on its surface, and a thin atmosphere. If this idea is true or not is not known.

Another planet, Proxima Centauri c, much farther out than b, was discovered in 2019. It is seven times heavier (more massive) than Earth. It is too cold to be habitable. Because it showed up brighter than expected when photos of it were taken, it may have a ring system five times wider than that of Jupiter.

Related pages 
 Alpha Centauri
 Barnard's Star
 List of nearest stars

References

Other websites 
 Photograph of Proxima Centauri
 O Sistema Alpha Centauri (portuguese) 

Red dwarfs
The San Jacinto Fault Zone is a series of faults that run through Southern California.  It is said to be a sister fault of the older, much more famous San Andreas Fault.  Some cities that are directly on the fault zone include San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Hemet.  This fault could create a large earthquake that could greatly affect Greater Los Angeles.

Geography of California
Faults
The Dhammapāda is a Buddhist scripture which includes sayings by the Gautama Buddha himself.

Buddhist texts
A chant is a type of song. It usually repeats, and is used in religious services around the world, as well as by many nonreligious groups.

Chants are also common in sport matches, usually consisting of words to do with players, football, or the team.

Musical forms
Habenaria mossii is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is naturally found in South Africa. Its natural habitat is mild grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Source
 Pfab, M.F. & Victor, J. 2003.  Habenaria mossii.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 August 2007.

Orchids
Twenty-two is a number. It comes between twenty-one and twenty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 11, and 22.

In Roman numerals, 22 is written as XXII.

Integers
Twenty-three is a natural number. It comes between twenty-two and twenty-four, and is an odd number.  It is also the 9th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.

Integers
Prime numbers
Adelite is a rare mineral. It is a calcium, magnesium, arsenate with chemical formula CaMgAsO4OH. Adelite was named from the Greek word for indistinct.

It can be blueish-gray, green, gray, yellow, or light green in color. It is made of crystals. Adelite is not radioactive. It is scratched easily with apatite.

The mineral was first described in 1891 in Värmland, Sweden. It can be found in Flipistad, Sweden.

References

Minerals
The Naked Brothers Band is a musical comedy television series that airs on Nickelodeon created by actress Polly Draper. It stars her real-life sons Nat and Alex Wolff, real-life brothers that deal with fame and living their lives as rockstars. The show is shot in the style of a documentary, which exaggerates the real musical experiences of the brothers', who self-write all of their own music. The series started in January 2007 and ended in 2009. The show began with the pilot episode The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie, a low budget pretend documentary. It also has another movie, Battle of the Bands. The second season of the series will started in January 2008 after the premiere of the new NBB movie "Sidekicks".

Nickelodeon television series
2006 television series debuts
English-language television programs
The Matterhorn (in German; ,  or Le Cervin) is ranked, by height, 12th  mountain in the European Alps. Its height is 4,478 metres.

The mountain is on the border between Switzerland and Italy, it towers over the Swiss village of Zermatt and the Italian village Breuil-Cervinia in the Val Tournanche. The name of the mountain comes from the German words Matte, meaning valley or meadow, and Horn, which means peak.

References

Charles Gos, Le Cervin (Attinger, 1948)
Edward Whymper, Scrambles Amongst the Alps (1871)

Notes

Other websites 

Virtual ascent of the Hörnli Ridge with 360 degree panoramas 
Alpinist Magazine  Mountain Profile - Issue 16
Matterhorn Webcams 
Matterhorn on Summitpost
PeakWare info on Matterhorn 
Matterhorn on 4000er.de
Walt Disney and Zermatt
Chronology of climbs - in German
Photo gallery dedicated to Matterhorn and surrounding nature 

Alps
Mountains of Italy
Mountains of Switzerland
Geography of Valais
Jura is a department in the east of France in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is named after the Jura mountains.

The largest city in the department is Dole but its prefecture (capital) is the city of Lons-le-Saunier.

History 
Historically, Jura belonged to the Free County of Burgundy, known in French as the Franche-Comté. Dole was the capital until the region was conquered by Louis XIV. Louis XIV moved the capital to Besançon and Dole is now a sous-préfecture of Jura.

As early as the 13th century, inhabitants of the southern 2/3 of Jura spoke a dialect of Arpitan language. It continued to be spoken in rural areas into the 20th century.
Jura is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Free County. The department was created with six districts: Dole, Lons-le-Saunier, Orgelet, Poligny, Saint-Claude and Salins; the capital was Lons-le-Saunier alternating with Dole, Poligny and Salins but from 1794 only Lons-le-Saunier remained as the capital.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the six districts were changed into four arrondissements: Lons-le-Saunier, Dole, Poligny and Saint-Claude. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Poligny was eliminated.

Geography 
Jura is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has an area of .

The department borders with 5 departments in two regions. The Swiss canton of Vaud is to the southeast.

 Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region
 Haute-Saône (north)
 Doubs (east)
 Saône-et-Loire (west)
 Côte-d'Or (northwest)
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Ain (south)
The highest point in the department is Crêt Pela (),  high; it is also the highest mountain of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. The Crêt Pela mountain is in the Forêt du Massacre, Jura mountain range.

Many lakes can be found throughout the Jura department. The largest natural lake in the department is the Lac De Chalain. It is  long and  wide. Lac de Vouglans was formed after the building of a hydro-electric dam; it is one of the largest man-made lakes in France.

The Ain river starts in the Jura department but it is the main river of the Ain department. The Doubs also flows through a part of the department. Many tributaries of both rivers flow, partially or completely, in the Jura department.

Climate 
The climate of the Jura varies greatly by elevation. The lower valleys are temperate and pleasant, but the high mountain valleys have bitterly cold winters.
Administration
Jura is managed by the Departmental Council of Jura in Lons-le-Saunier. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 17 cantons and 509 communes (municipalities) in Jura.

The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Jura department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Arbois (3901)
 Authume (3902)
 Bletterans (3903)
 Champagnole (3904)
 Dole-1 (3905)
 Dole-2 (3906)
 Lons-le-Saunier-1 (3907)
 Lons-le-Saunier-2 (3908)
 Moirans-en-Montagne (3909)
 Mont-sous-Vaudrey (3910)
 Morez (3911)
 Poligny (3912)
 Saint-Amour (3913)
 Saint-Claude (3914)
 Saint-Laurent-en-Grandvaux (3915)
 Saint-Lupicin (3916)
 Tavaux (3917)

Demographics
Jura had a population, in 2014, of 260,681, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Lons-le-Saunier, with 126,071 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Jura

The cities with more than inhabitants in the department are:

Economy 
Jura is a wine-growing region. The Jura wines are very distinctive and unusual wines, such as vin jaune, which is made by a similar process to sherry. It develops under a flor of yeast. This is made from the local Savagnin grape variety. Other grape varieties include Poulsard, Trousseau, and Chardonnay.

Tourism 
The Jura mountains provide ample opportunities for hiking, skiing, mountain biking and other winter sports.

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Jura department
 Communes of the Jura department

References

Other websites 

 Prefecture website  
 Departmental Council website 
 Tourism website 
 Tourism Information

Wine regions of France
Jura
Fray is an eight-issue comic book series. It is a spin-off of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The series is written by Buffy creator Joss Whedon. Fray tells the story of a Slayer named Melaka Fray. She is the chosen one in a time where vampires (called "lurks") are common, and the difference between rich and poor people is even greater. 

The series was published by Dark Horse Comics beginning in 2001. In a short video promoting the charity Equality Now Joss Whedon said that "Fray is not done, Fray is coming back. More than that, I will not say." This was repeated in 2007's Comic Con where Joss said that he would "absolutely would be returning to that world." 

The series was closely linked to the seventh season of Buffy. It includes the Slayer's mystical scythe and her origins. Melaka Fray also appears in the story "Tales" in the comic book Tales of the Slayers.
Characters
 Melaka "Mel" Fray - A 19-year-old thief and Vampire Slayer. Unlike other Slayers she has had no prophetic dreams of her destiny or of the Slayers before her. She feels she is responsible for the death of her brother, and is now trying to figure out what is her destiny as the Slayer.
 Urkonn - A demon who trains Mel as a Slayer instead of her actual Watcher. In the end, he betrays her. After defeating her brother, Mel discovers Urkonn's betrayal and kills him.
 Loo - A mutated girl who is friends with Mel. She is murdered by Urkonn to get Melaka to fight her brother.
 Harth Fray - Mel's twin brother, who was attacked by a vampire during a theft with Mel. To save his life, Harth drank the vampire's blood and became a vampire himself. No other Slayer has had a twin. Because he is the Slayers twin, Harth had the prophetic dreams and visions of past Slayers that Mel did not.
 Erin Fray - Mel's older sister and a cop. Erin blamed Mel for the death of their brother for a long time.
Icarus - The vampire that killed Harth four years ago. He was killed by Erin right before the big battle.
Connections to Buffy the Vampire Slayer 
Fray's scythe was used in the last three episodes of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Buffy Summers, also a vampire Slayer, found the scythe stuck in rock in Sunnydale. The scythe was later used to create fully developed Slayers of the many Potential Slayers. It has never been stated as to how the scythe travelled from Sunnydale, California to New York City through the centuries, or who had it during that time (or how they got it).

In Fray it is also explained that sometime in the twenty-first century, "a Slayer, possibly with some mystical allies, faced an apocalyptic army of demons. And when it was done, they were gone. All demons, all magicks, banished from this earthly dimension,". The Slayer, whose fate is unknown, was the last to be called.
Discussing her connection to the Slayer line, Urkonn tells Melaka, "In your dreams, you're someone else. A slave. A princess. A girl in school in a sunlit city." The scar Fray has and her personality are similar to Buffy in the alternate universe created in season 3 episode "The Wish".

References

Other websites 
 Article about the miniseries from Dark Horse Comics' official website
 Joss Whedon's Fray  Unofficial Fansite
 Melaka Fray at Wikia

Whedonverse
American comic books
Erik Alfred Leslie Satie (born Honfleur (France), 17 May 1866; died Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French composer. He is mainly remembered today for his music and the strange ways he behaved. He often gave his music unusual titles such as Piece in the form of a pear. His best known musical compositions are the three piano pieces which he called Gymnopédies. The first of these pieces is a very famous piece of music: it is a simple tune over a gentle accompaniment. Satie sometimes used unusual instruments such as sirens and typewriters.
Satie was more than just an unusual man. He was very important in the development of music in France in the late 19th and early 20th century. He was important because of the ideas he had, and many people were influenced by him. Satie used ways of composing such as very chromatic music and Minimalism before many other people. These ways of writing music became more common later in the century. Satie was not a brilliant composer, but he was happy to compose well in a simple way. He was also interested in other arts such as literature and painting and he was associated with the new ideas called esprit nouveau (new spirit) which was fashionable in France around the time of World War I.

His Life
His Life

Early years 
He was born Alfred Eric Leslie Satie, but as a grown-up he always spelled his name “Erik”. His father had been in the shipping business, but the family then moved to Paris. He was still quite young when his mother died and he was sent back to his birthplace, Honfleur, to be brought up by his father’s parents. However, his grandmother drowned, so he was sent back to Paris again where his father taught him. His father had married again. His new wife was a pianist and sent young Eric to have piano lessons at the Paris Conservatoire.
Satie hated his piano lessons. His teacher said that he was the laziest pupil in the Conservatoire. He was bad at sight-reading, but he continued with his lessons because this would make it possible for him to do just one year of military service instead of five. In fact, he did less than a year in the army because he deliberately got himself ill with bronchitis. While he was getting better he started to compose. His father published a few songs he had written. However, he did not get on well with his family and he left home in 1887.

The young Satie 

Satie soon got to know many people in the famous cabaret Chat Noir. He grew his hair long and wore a frock coat and a top hat. He wrote a ballet which most people found shocking. He became friends with Debussy who was one of the only people who understood the serious reasons for Satie’s unusual behaviour.
At the end of 1898 he moved to Arceuil, a suburb of Paris. He spent the rest of his life there. He stopped performing in public and earned money by playing the piano in cafés and pubs. Every morning he walked the 10 kilometres into Paris, stopping on the way at cafés to drink or compose. He wore a bowler hat, wing collar and always carried a rolled-up umbrella. If it was raining he kept his umbrella underneath his coat to keep it dry. He also carried a hammer in case anyone attacked him. Late at night he walked home again or took the last train back. His flat was a terrible mess.

Rise to fame 

In 1905, at the age of 39, he became a student again and studied music at the Schola Cantorum. He wanted to become a better composer. He learned how to write fugues. He still liked to use parody in his music.
In 1911 Maurice Ravel played some of Satie’s piano pieces in public. Suddenly people began to take notice of Satie. They realized that he had been one of the first Impressionist composers. Debussy conducted his Gymnopédies in his arrangement for orchestra. Music critics started to write articles about Satie. He was at last becoming famous. He had some humorous piano pieces published. He was earning some money from his compositions, so he was able to give up playing in cabarets. He met Jean Cocteau who introduced him to Diaghilev for whom he wrote the music for Parade. Some people loved it, some hated it, but people were taking notice of him. He was asked to write more theatre music. He was a very important influence on the six composers who were known as Les Six. He was asked to write a symphonic drama which he called Socrate. Many musicians think it is his best piece.

Final years
Final years 

In the 1920s he wrote many articles for newspapers and journals and became associated with the art movement known as Dada. His ballets Relâche and Mercure both shocked the audiences when they were first performed. Relâche is an early example of what later became the theatre of alienation.

Satie drank a lot of alcohol and became ill. He got cirrhosis of the liver and died in 1925. When his friends entered his flat after he died, there was so much mess that they had to throw away two cartloads of rubbish before they could get at his papers and manuscripts.
His music 
Satie was involved with dance, theatre and cabaret for most of his life and that is what much of his music is written for. He was always trying out new ideas in his music. He was capable of writing in a late Romantic style with chromatic harmonies, but he also wrote in more modern styles, often using very simple ideas. He was always more interested in beautiful melodies than in writing complicated rhythms. His three Gymnopédies are still extremely popular. They seem to come from an old-fashioned world where there is great simplicity. His three Gnossiennes (1890) sound more Oriental, and Satie wrote some very strange remarks in the music. His piano piece Vexations (1893) is a short piece with strange, chromatic chords, which the pianist is then supposed to play 840 times. Uspud was an early example of what later became the “Theatre of the Absurd”. The text was all written in lower-case letters: the first time this had ever been done. He wrote many cabaret songs.
Later, after he had studied at the Schola Cantorum, he became famous, and then wrote lots of piano pieces with funny titles and strange comments (e.g. “like a nightingale with toothache”). Parade has strange instruments such as typewriters. Socrate was his most serious work.

After his death all the people he had insulted wrote about Satie that he was a bad composer. As a result he was almost forgotten until the 1960s when John Cage became interested in his music and made it popular again. Many Surrealist artists were often inspired by Satie’s music and ideas.

1866 births
1925 deaths
20th-century French composers
Deaths from cirrhosis
Particle size (general) provides general definitions of the particle size notion.
Particle size (grain size) provides specific details for particle size of soils, powders, gravel, etc.
Particle size distribution
Arachniodes is a genus of fern in family Dryopteridaceae. It has the following species (but this list may not have all species):
 Arachniodes squamulosa, R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.

Pteridophyta
The Dryopteridaceae is a family of ferns that can be found almost anywhere on the world.

Many are cultivated as ornamental plants.

Plant families
Pteridophyta
Particle size, also called grain size, means the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. The term may also be used for other granular materials.

In some schemes "gravel" is anything larger than sand (>2.0 mm), and includes "granule", "pebble", "cobble", and "boulder" in the above table. In this scheme, "pebble" covers the size range 4 to 64 mm (−2 to −6 φ).

References 

 W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition (Freeman, San Francisco, 1963).
 J A Udden, Mechanical composition of clastic sediments, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 25, 655-744 (1914).
 C K Wentworth, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments, J. Geology V. 30, 377-392 (1922).

Geology
Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of clay-sized particles of rock, generated by glacial erosion or by artificial grinding to a similar size. Because the material is very small, it is suspended in river water making the water appear cloudy. If the river flows into a glacial lake, the lake may appear turquoise in color as a result.  Examples of this are Lake Louise, Canada and Gjende lake in Norway.

Agricultural use
Some agronomists believe that rock flour has a powerful effect in restoring trace minerals to soil. An early experimeter was the German miller Julius Hensel, author of Bread from Stones, who reported successful results with steinmehl (stonemeal) in the 1890s. His ideas were not taken up through technical limitations and, according to proponents of his method, opposition from the champions of conventional fertilisers.
Other websites 
On a Fad Diet of Rock Dust, How the Garden Does Grow  Henry Homeyer, June 24, 2004, New York Times.
Remineralize the Earth - "non-profit organization incorporated to disseminate ideas and practice about soil remineralization".
Soil remineralization: a future market for aggregate industry fines , Robert J. Able, June 1995, Pit & Quarry.
Julius Hensel 
Downloadable document on co-utilisation of mineral fines and composts 

Agriculture
The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the only species of North American marsupial. It is sometimes called a possum, but that refers more correctly to a group of Australian marsupials.

Description 
An opossum is about the size of a house cat. It has grizzled white and gray fur. Adult opossums weigh about 2-6 kg (4-14 lbs). They live alone, are active at night, and they are good climbers.

Habitat 
People can find this opossum in the eastern United States, and along the west coast from British Columbia and to Baja California.  They like to live in forests, brushy areas, and farmland.

References

Marsupials
Mammals of North America
A motor ship is a ship moved through water by an engine, usually a diesel engine. The name of motor ships are often prefixed with MS or M/S.

Ship types
Twenty-four is a number. It comes between twenty-three and twenty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24.

24 is also the name of a popular television show in the United States.

Integers
Twenty-five is a number. It comes between twenty-four and twenty-six, and is an odd number.  It is also the 5th square number, after 1, 4, 9, and 16.

Integers
Square numbers
Passo de Camaragibe is a municipality in Brazil. It is on the northern coast of the Brazilian state of Alagoas. About 13,544 people live there (2005). Its area is .

References

Cities in Alagoas
Radlin is a town in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with about 17,673 people (2004).

Sports 

 Górnik Radlin - men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS: Seria B in 2003/2004, Seria A in 2004/2005 season).

Towns in Silesian Voivodeship
The term particle size is used to compare dimensions of different small material objects.

Larger objects are usually called stone, rock, a piece of something, etc. The term particle indicates small size, usually less than centimeter. Particle might be either solid, or liquid, or even gas. Liquid particles are called droplets. Gaseous particles are bubbles. All of them can be characterised in terms of size.

Particle size of spherical object equals to its diameter.
But a typical material object is likely to be irregular in shape. This causes ambiguity in definition of particle size. Existing definitions are based on replacent of a given particle with imaginary sphere that has one of the properties identical with the particle.
Volume based particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same volume as a given particle;
Weight based particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same weight as a given particle;
Area based particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same surface area as a given particle;
Hydrodynamic particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same drag coefficient as a given particle;

Related pages
 Particle size (grain size)

Chemistry
Chichester is a small cathedral city in West Sussex, England, with a population of 26,795 (2011 Census). It is quite near the sea, and near to a harbour for yachts.

The City of Chichester is twinned with:
  Chartres, France
  Ravenna, Italy

There are many buildings in the centre of Chichester which have interesting architecture. The oldest building is Chichester Cathedral. There are many beautiful houses in the Cathedral precincts. In many parts of the city one can still see the old city walls, and it is possible to walk along the top in some places. There is an old butter market dating from 1808. A century later another storey was added on top.

Just to the north of Chichester is the Goodwood race course. Many people go there in the summer to watch the horse races. Goodwood is in the South Downs which is a beautiful area for walking.
Chichester is an old Roman town. In the centre of Chichester are four main streets: North Street, South Street, East Street and West Street. These four streets meet in the centre, where there is a small round building with a cross: the Chichester cross. The four main streets form an area which is mostly pedestrianized. Chichester Cathedral stands near the centre, between West Street and South Street. Further to the north lies the area of Summersdale and the conservation area around Graylingwell Hospital. South of Chichester is a canal which links the city to the sea. Soon after it was built in the 19th century the railway came to Chichester so that the canal was not used for long. The canal was left in a bad state for many years until, more recently, it was restored. Some of it can be used by small boats, and there are reedbeds where birds can breed.

There is a Roman Museum near Fishbourne, just west of the city, where many Roman remains can be seen, including a palace which once stood there.
Chichester is a Fairtrade City. Suppliers of Fairtrade are shown by a green dot in the web directory.

Because Chichester is so historic it has been divided into eight conservation areas. People are very anxious that the town should not lose its historic character.

Culture

Every year in July, a three-week festival, the Chichester Festivities, takes place. Then in August since 2007 there has been a week long I AM JOY Arts and Music festival held across different venues in the city.  The Chichester Festival Theatre has productions for most of the year. It is one of the most famous theatres outside London.

Pallant House Gallery won the 2007 gallery of the year Gulbenkian Prize. It has a lot of modern British art.

The Joy Gallery, open from December 2008 to November 2009, showcased emerging and established artists from the local area.

Chichester has its own amateur orchestra, the Chichester Symphony Orchestra, which gives three concerts during the year.
Chichester RAJF (From "Real Ale and Jazz Festival") gives a four-day festival of music and real ale held each July in tents beside the 13th century Guildhall in Priory Park.

Sport
There is plenty of sport in Chichester. Chichester R.F.C. are a central team and rugby club. There is a large swimming pool with fitness rooms and sports hall. There are tennis courts near the Festival Theatre.

Education
Chichester has several schools, including Chichester High School for Boys, Chichester High School for Girls, Bishop Luffa School and Prebendal School which is linked to the Cathedral. There is a University of Chichester which, until recently, was known as Bishop Otter College.
Transport
Several roads lead into Chichester. The A27, which runs along the south coast, now bypasses the city. There are rail links to London, Gatwick, Portsmouth, Southampton and Basingstoke. Many years ago there was a small train which went to Midhurst, and even a tram to Selsey. Nowadays busses go to these towns. They depart from the central bus station near the railway station.

References

Other websites 

 Chichester Web
 Chichester Live Music 
 I AM JOY Arts Collective 
 The Joy Gallery 
 Pallant House Gallery
 Chichester Festival Theatre 

Settlements in West Sussex
Cities in England
Admontite is a mineral that is colorless in color and is made of crystals.  It is named for Admont, Austria, which is where they found the first example of it.  They found the first example of it in a gypsum deposit.  Gypsum and calcite both easily scratch this mineral, and it easily breaks as well.  Admontite is not radioactive. Admontite is not edible.

References 

Minerals
Hydrology  is the study of movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth. A person who studies hydrology is called a hydrologist.

The central theme of hydrology is how the water circulates. This is called the water cycle. The most vivid illustration of it is the water evaporation from the ocean with the formation of clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain.

Related pages
 Civil engineering
 Climatology
 Hydraulics
 Hydrography

Notes

Water
Earth sciences
In geometry, a semicircle is a two-dimensional geometric shape that forms half of a circle. Being half of a circle's 360° (360 degrees), the arc of a semicircle always measures 180°. A triangle inscribed in a semicircle is always a right triangle.

Other websites
Semicircle - Mathworld

Shapes
The storm formed on August 14 and rapidly deepened. It scraped the western edge of Cuba at Category 3 strength. Camille strengthened further over the Gulf of Mexico and made landfall with a pressure of 900 mbar (hPa), estimated sustained winds of 200;mph (305 km/h), and a peak storm surge of 24 feet (7.3 m); by maximum sustained wind speeds, Camille was the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, and one of only four tropical cyclones worldwide ever to achieve wind speeds of 190 mph. The hurricane flattened nearly everything along the coast of the U.S. state of Mississippi, and caused additional flooding and deaths inland while crossing the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. In total, Camille killed 259 people and caused $1.42 billion (1969 USD, $9.14 billion 2005 USD) in damages.

References
References

Other websites 
 Harrison County Library's Camille Page
 Thirty Years After Hurricane Camille: Lessons Learned, Lessons Lost , Roger A. Pielke, Jr., Chantal Simonpietri, and Jennifer Oxelson, July 12, 1999.
 "Roar Of The Heavens: Surving Hurricane Camille," Stefan Bechtel (Citadel Press, 2006) 
 Track of Camille's eye at landfall 
 Storm surge profile 
 Post-Storm Report on Camille 
 The story of Harbour Oaks Inn 
 Radar image of Camille 

1969 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
Deadly storms
Hurricanes in the United States
1960s in Cuba
1969 in the United States
1960s in Alabama
20th century in Mississippi
1960s in Louisiana
1960s in weather
The large and strong hurricane caused severe damage in the upper Florida Keys, and a storm surge about 18 to 20 feet affected the region. The hurricane's strong winds destroyed most of the buildings in the Islamorada area, and many World War I veteran workers were killed by the storm surge. Portions of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railroad were severely damaged or destroyed. The hurricane also caused additional damage in northwest Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. In total, more than 400 people were killed.

Other websites
 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
 Excerpts from the Labor Day 1935 Hurricane Monthly Weather Review Article
 Images of historic Florida Hurricanes (State Archives of Florida)
 Florida Keys History Museum
 Key West Memorial
 Hurricanes history
 Major Daniel C. Main killed in Hurricane 
 Monroe County listings at National Register of Historic Places
 Florida Keys Memorial  at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
List of 56 victims
1935 in the United States
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in the Bahamas
20th century in Florida
20th century in Georgia (U.S. state)
20th century in South Carolina
1930s in North Carolina
20th century in Virginia
Vahan Hovhannesi Totovents (; September 1, 1889 - July 18, 1938) was an Armenian writer, poet and public activist.

Biography
Vahan Totovents was born in Mezire, Western Armenia (modern Turkey). He studied in Armenia and Istanbul, then at Wisconsin University which he finished in 1915.

He was a volunteer in the Caucasian front during World War I, and served as the bodyguard and translator for the secretary of General Andranik Ozanian, about whom he wrote memoires and published them in 1920. In Tbilisi Totovents edited the "Hayastan" paper, the official organ of Andranik.

Since 1922 he lived in Yerevan, Soviet Armenia. In 1938 he became a victim of Stalinism.
Works
The works of Totovents were published from 1907. He is the author of "Doctor Burbonian" (1918), "Death battalion" (1923), "New York" (1927), "Baku" (v. 1-3, 1930-34), "Jonathan, Son of Jeremiah" novels, stories and dramas. He influenced to Armenian literature especially by his "Life on the Old Roman Road" autobiographical novel (1930, "A piece of sky" film by Henrik Malian) which "reflect the society, culture, and mores not only of the Armenians of his childhood but also of their neighbors in the waning days of the Ottoman Empire".

Other websites
Vahan Totovents (1893-1938)  Présentation de ses mémoires sur le Général Antranik (in French)
Totovents at Amazon.com

References

Armenian writers
Armenian poets
1893 births
1938 deaths
Armenian activists
Leonid Azkaldian (; November 22, 1942 in Tbilisi – June 21, 1992 in Martakert) was an Armenian physicist and one of the founders and the commander of "Liberation Army" military organization.

Biography
Leonid Azkaldian was born on November 22, 1942, in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR. In 1959, he graduated from Askanaz Mravyan school and in 1960, he was admitted into Physics Department of Moscow State University. He later transferred and graduated with honors from the same department of Yerevan State University. After graduation, he worked in many spheres in national economy of USSR.
Leonid Azkaldian was one of the creators of Karabakh movement and a military leader. From February of 1990, he planned and organized the defense of several regions of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (a part of Azerbaijan). In June, 1991, with Hovsep Hovsepyan co-founded and commanded the "Liberation army" military organization whose goal was to preserve the self-determination and defense of the local Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. He was killed in 21 June, 1992 in the Tonashen village of Martakert region of occupied Nagorno-Karabakh. After his death, he was awarded with the Order of the Combat Cross of the First Degree.

References

Other websites
 Leonid Azkaldian

1942 births
1992 deaths
Armenian military people
Physicists
People from Tbilisi
The Central United States is sometimes conceived as between the Eastern United States and Western United States as part of a three-region model, roughly coincident with the Midwestern United States plus the western and central portions of the Southern United States; the term is also sometimes used more or less as a synonym for the Midwest, leaving out all or most of the South. 

The Census Bureau does not provide a standard definition of "Central" region of the United States, and organizations that need to subdivide the US are free to define a "Central" region to fit their needs.
References and other websites
Central Time Zone Midwest minus OH, MI, most of Indiana (seasonal), and westernmost fringes of Plains states; plus South minus South Atlantic states, eastern KY, eastern TN, but western FL is included.
YPO Only 6 central states of the Midwest, plus KY
CERI  All of Midwest and South including MD, DE
NOAA Midwest minus OH, plus KY, CO, WY
HSUS  Midwest minus ND, SD, KS, plus KY
USGS  West North Central States, South Central United States, 4 eastern Mountain States
Adventure Camp Midwest plus South minus Atlantic states, AL, WV

Regions of the United States
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland.

The ICRC has a special job, based on the Geneva Conventions as well as other international humanitarian law, to protect the victims of international and internal armed conflicts. This includes people hurt in war, prisoners, refugees, civilians, and other non-combatants. But the ICRC is a private organisation. It is not controlled by any government, group of governments or international organisation

It is the oldest organisation within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and one of the most widely recognized organisations in the world. It is also the most honoured. The ICRC has won three Nobel Peace Prizes; in 1917, 1944, and 1963.

History 
Up until the middle of the 19th century, there was no organized army nursing for casualties and no safe place to house and treat the injured soldiers.
Swiss businessman Henry Dunant saw the Battle of Solferino, in the Austro-Sardinian War. The battle only lasted one day, but about 40,000 soldiers on both sides were killed or were left severely hurt on the battlefield.

Dunant was shocked by the suffering of the wounded soldiers, and the lack of medical help. He cancelled his trip to see Emperor Napoleon III and spent several days helping to treat and care for the wounded.

He wrote a book about what he saw, called A Memory of Solferino. he published it with his own money in 1862, and sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout Europe. The book did not only describe what Dunant saw, but called for the setting up of national voluntary relief organisations to help nurse wounded soldiers in the case of war. Dunant also called for international treaties to guarantee the neutrality and protection for the wounded and for medics and field hospitals.
The Geneva Society for Public Welfare set up a committee to try to organise an international conference about Dunant's idea. The "Committee of the Five" met on 9 February 1863, the members were:
 Henry Dunant;
 Gustave Moynier, who was a lawyer and chairman of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare;
 Louis Appia, a doctor who had worked as a military surgeon;
 Théodore Maunoir, from the Geneva Hygiene and Health Commission; and
 Guillaume Henri Dufour, a general of the Swiss Army.

The committee soon changed its name to the "International Committee for Relief to the Wounded".

In October 1863, the international conference it organised took place in Geneva to talk about improving medical services on the battle field.

31 people joined the committee at the conference: eighteen official delegates from national governments, six delegates from other non-governmental organisations, and seven non-official foreign delegates. The official delegates came from:

The conference wanted:
National relief societies for wounded soldiers;
 Neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers;
 Volunteer forces for relief assistance on the battlefield;
 More conferences to make these demands legally binding international treaties; and
 The introduction of a protection symbol for medical personnel in the field. They chose a white armband bearing a red cross.
Only one year later, the Swiss government invited the governments of all European countries, as well as the United States, Brazil, and Mexico, to attend an official diplomatic conference. Sixteen countries sent a total of twenty-six delegates to Geneva. On 22 August 1864, the conference adopted the first Geneva Convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field". Representatives of 12 states and kingdoms signed the convention: Baden, Belgium, Denmark, France, Hesse, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Prussia, Switzerland, Spain, and Württemberg. The convention contained ten articles, establishing for the first time legally binding rules guaranteeing neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers, field medical personnel, and specific humanitarian institutions in an armed conflict.

Also, the convention had two requirements before a national relief society would be recognised by the International Committee:
The national society must be recognized by its own national government as a relief society according to the convention, and
 The national government of the respective country must have signed the Geneva Convention.

The first national societies were founded in Belgium, Denmark, France, Oldenburg, Prussia, Spain, and Württemberg. Also in 1864, Louis Appia and Charles van de Velde, a captain of the Dutch Army, became the first independent and neutral delegates to work under the symbol of the Red Cross in an armed conflict. Three years later in 1867, the first International Conference of National Aid Societies for the Nursing of the War Wounded was convened.