Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
She married Bono on 21 August 1982 in a Church of Ireland ceremony at All Saints Church, Raheny.  In debt to U2's label, Island Records, the couple did not have ready funds for a honeymoon, but label head Chris Blackwell gave them use of the Goldeneye estate he owned in Jamaica.  At first, the newly married couple shared a small mews house in Howth with the rest of the band.  It took her a while to enjoy the band's music, as her own tastes ran toward her father's Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole records.

Career as activist 
In 1992, Hewson participated in Greenpeace protests against the Sellafield plant for nuclear reprocessing, located across the Irish Sea in Cumbria, England. This involvement led her to become interested in the Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986.

Since 1994, Hewson has been a patron of Chernobyl Children's Project International
Career as businesswoman 
In 2005, Hewson, Bono and designer Rogan Gregory co-founded the Edun fashion label ("nude" spelled backwards, to suggest both "natural" and the Garden of Eden). It was intended to help bring about positive change in Africa through a fair trade-based relationship rather than by direct aid.
Hewson and U2 
Songs written by Bono that were at least in part inspired by Ali go back to the earliest period of the band's recording career, with the track "Another Time, Another Place" off their 1980 first album, Boy.  She helped Bono get through a bad period of writer's block during the lead-up to the 1983 War album and especially in the lyric composition for "Sunday Bloody Sunday".  She was the inspiration for the personal themes of "New Year's Day" on that record as well.  The album and the accompanying War Tour brought financial success to the band, and Bono and Ali moved into a three-level, three-room Martello tower in Bray for some years.  The group's 1984 song "Promenade" reflects both that location and the spiritual aspects of his desire for her.
The U2 song "Sweetest Thing" was written for Hewson as a gift because Bono forgot her birthday whilst recording with the band during The Joshua Tree sessions.  Originally released as a B-side in 1987, it was later re-recorded and released as a single from the compilation album The Best of 1980–1990 in 1998.  Hewson agreed to appear in the single's music video as long as all proceeds from it went to Chernobyl Children's Project.

References

Bibliography 
Dunphy, Eamon (1987) Unforgettable Fire: The Story of U2. New York: Warner Books. .
Flanagan, Bill (1996) U2: At the End of the World. New York: Delta.
Kootnikoff, David. (2012) Bono: A Biography. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
Stokes, Niall (2005 edition). Into the Heart: The Stories Behind Every U2 Song. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press.
U2; McCormick, Neil (ed). (2006) U2 by U2. London: HarperCollins.

1961 births
Living people
Anti-nuclear activists
Irish businesspeople
Irish activists
The Division of Solomon is an Australian Electoral Division in the Northern Territory. It covers the cities of Darwin (including the surrounding suburbs) and Palmerston. The only other division in the territory, the Division of Lingiari, covers the remainder of the territory.

The division was created in 2000. It is named for Vaiben Solomon, a Premier of South Australia, and member of the first Australian Parliament. He represented the Northern Territory in the South Australian House of Assembly, when it was still part of that state.

Members

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Solomon – Australian Electoral Commission
 Natasha Grigg's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
2000 establishments in Australia
Izalco is a volcano in the west part of El Salvador. It is a black color. Izalco is near the Santa Ana volcano, which is three kilometers to the south.

Volcanoes of North America
Geography of El Salvador
The Madeira wall lizard (Teira dugesii) or Madeira lizard is a species of lizard in the Lacertidae family, and the only member of the genus Teira.

Distribution
This Madeira wall lizard is endemic to the Madeira Islands, Portugal, where it is abundant. In the Azores, this lizard is found after involuntary introduction during the 19th century by ship trade between the two archipelagos, but the lizards have never reached the population numbers as in their territory of origin. There is also a small population in the port area of Lisbon, probably accidentally transported in ships carrying bananas, and first found in 1992; a study of 2001 found that the population has remained stable in size since its discovery.

Taxonomy
The species was named after the French zoologist Louis Antoine Dugès (1797–1838).
The subspecies Teira dugesii mauli (Mertens, 1938) from the Desertas Islands now is a synonym of Teira dugesii dugesii. Atlantolacerta andreanskyi (Andreansky's lizard) from Morocco, and Scelarcis perspicillata (Menorca wall lizard) from Morocco, Algeria and Minorca, were in the genus Teira but now are in other genera.

The species Teira dugessii presents three subspecies:
 Teira dugesii dugesii (Milne-Edwards, 1829) - of the Madeira island and of the Desertas Islands (Deserta Grande, Ilhéu Chão e Bugio). The population introduced in Azores and Lisbon are of this subspecie.
 Teira dugesii jogeri (Bischoff, Osenegg & Mayer, 1989) - of the Porto Santo island.
 Teira dugesii selvagensis (Bischoff, Osenegg & Mayer, 1989) of the Selvagens islands.
Characteristics
These lizards can reach  in length, although adults have usually between . Their color can vary from light brown to dark gray, but with some of them (usually males) may show other colors, like green, blue and violet. Males can be easily distinguished from females due to the presence of a yellow fold at the bottom of the hind legs.

The females lay two to three groups of eggs annually. And some individuals could live to 16 years or more.

Food
Despite being essentially an insectivorous species, ripe fruits and berries (especially blackberries) are also part of their diet.

Habitat
This species is generally found in arid areas where the vegetation is not dense. It may also occur in open woodland, areas with rocks and where crops are grown.

References

Other websites

 Animal Diversity Web: Teira dugesii
 Catalogue of Life 
 Teira dugessi| The Reptile Database
 Fauna Europea: Taxon Details
 NCBI (Teira dugesii)
 uBio: Teira dugessi Milne-Edwards 1829

Lizards
Moab (not to be confused with Moab, the city in Utah) is the historical name for an area of land in Jordan. The mountainous land covers the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. In ancient times, it was the Kingdom of Möab. There have been many archaeological findings that have helped reconstruct its history. It is also described in the Old Testament of the Bible. According to Genesis (19:37), it was inhabited by the children of Moab, a grandson and sonof Lot. The Moabites were often at war with its neighbours to the west, the Israelites.

The capital of Moab was Dibon.

A well-known Moabite is Ruth. According to the Biblical Book of Ruth, she married an Israelite man and became the greatgrandmother of king David.

Related pages 
 Massive Ordnance Air Blast - MOAB

Other websites
Catholic encyclopedia

Ancient history by country
History of Jordan
Old Testament
Suffering is pain or mental or emotional unhappiness caused by bad things happening, like disasters or illness. It is an important topic in philosophy, and religion. Much health care exists to help people who are suffering. It is proposed to be defined as an unpleasant experience as it affects a person at a psychophysical and existential level.

Related pages
Misery
Pessimism

References

Other websites
Peter Kreeft

Life
Emotions
Pain
Ethics
The Defiant Ones is a 1958 American black and white movie which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive. It stars Tony Curtis, Sidney Poitier, Theodore Bikel, Cara Williams, Charles McGraw, and Lon Chaney, Jr.. Ivan Dixon was a stunt double for Sidney Poitier.

Other websites 

1958 crime movies
1958 drama movies
1950s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Stanley Kramer
Ruby is a deep red color that is a representation of the color of the cut and polished ruby gemstone. 

The first written use of ruby as a color name in English was in 1572.

Meaning of ruby
 The ruby slippers are the magical shoes worn by Dorothy (played by Judy Garland) in the 1939 MGM movie The Wizard of Oz.

Tones of ruby color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
Penny Ur (born 1944) is a professor at Oranim and Haifa University. She retired as head of the Masters of Education program at the Oranim Academic College of Education. Ur studied at several universities earning her Master of Arts at Oxford University, PGCE at Cambridge University, Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Foreign Language at Reading University. She moved from the United Kingdom to Israel in 1967. She taught in primary and secondary schools in Israel for more than 30 years. She is interested in language-teaching methodologies, how they change the ways teachers teach, and English as a lingua franca. She writes for the Learning English section of the Guardian Weekly.

Ur received the OBE (Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire) for her work as an English language teacher.
Works 
 A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. Cambridge University Press.
 Discussions that Work. Cambridge University Press.
 Five-Minute Activities. Cambridge University Press.
 Grammar Practice Activities. Cambridge University Press.
 Teaching Listening Comprehension. Cambridge University Press.
 Vocabulary Activities. Cambridge University Press.

References 

Bilingualism and second language acquisition researchers
Linguists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
1944 births
British academics
Academics of Haifa University
Feng Shui () is a Chinese system of luck. It has to do with the laws which help one improve luck.

Feng Shui means "wind and water" in Chinese. Invented by the Taoists, many people implement its philosophies in their everyday lives.  Feng Shui has five basic "elements", they are: Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, and Wood. These elements are set up in a specific way so that it shows Fire makes Earth, Earth creates Metal, Metal holds Water, Water nurtures Wood, and Wood feeds Fire. Also, Earth dams Water, Water extinguishes Fire, Fire melts Metal, Metal cuts Wood, and Wood consumes Earth.

There are multiple Feng Shui schools such as "The Western School of Feng Shui" and "The American Feng Shui Institute"

Chinese culture
Luck
Adam Michael Rodríguez (born April 2, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his long running role as Eric Delko on CSI: Miami.

Early life
Rodríguez was born in Yonkers, New York. His parents are Janet and Ramon Rodríguez. He is Puerto Rican and Cuban. He studied at Clarkstown High School North in New City, New York with the NFL player Keith Bullock of the New York Giants. He graduated in 1993.

Rodríguez wanted to become a baseball player. Because of an injury, he could not do that. Afterwards, he wanted to become an actor. His first casting was at the age of 10 years for The Cosby Show.

References

1975 births
Living people
Actors from New York (state)
People from Yonkers, New York
Exogeny refers to coming from the outside. People, planets, computers, and anything else can be influenced either by things in its environment or by things within itself. Things from within itself are indigenous.

The Earth is shaped by many geological processes. The forces that make these things happen come from both inside and outside the Earth.

In geology, exogenous processes come from forces on or above the Earth's surface. Processes caused by forces from within the Earth are endogenous processes. Exo is a prefix meaning "out", and endo is a prefix meaning "in".

Many exogenous (extraterrestrial) forces are caused by other bodies in the Solar System. For example, the Moon causes tides in the Earth's oceans and other big bodies of water. Impacts from comets and meteoroids change the surface of the Earth. When they strike the Earth, they make craters in the ground.
The Sun is the main exogenous influence in the Solar System. It has many effects on Earth. Radiation from the Sun is a main cause of the surface temperature of the Earth, and for the growth of plant life. We are partly shielded from the Sun's solar wind by the Earth's magnetic field. Storms of solar particles would otherwise strip away the ozone layer which protects us from ultraviolet radiation. Sometimes we see aurorae, which are lights that can be seen at night near the poles.

An example of an exogenous process that is not as a result of bodies in space is erosion. Erosion is mostly made by precipitation such as rain and snow, and by wind. 

There are three main endogenous geological processes: folding, faulting and volcanism. They take place mainly along the plate boundaries. These are the zones on the edges of plates. Endogenous processes cause many major landform features.

Earth sciences
The Boeing E-6 Mercury is a U.S. military aircraft. It is used by the US Navy as airborne headquarters and a communication aircraft. It is the biggest aircraft of the U.S. Navy. Boeing E-6 Mercury is a military variant of the Boeing 707 airliner. Its use is to re-power the world after a Russian or Chinese Nuclear Attack.

E-6 Mercury
United States Navy aircraft
The Boeing E-3 Sentry is a military aircraft. It is used as AWACS by US Air Force, NATO and three foreign operators: France, Saudi Arabia, and the UK. It is a military variant of the famous Boeing 707 airliner.

This kind of aircraft was used in the Gulf War, as well as in the War in Afghanistan.

E-3 Sentry
United States Air Force aircraft
The Fiat G.91 is a military aircraft designed and built in Italy. It was built for a NATO request as a light fighter jet and training aircraft. It was used in Germany, Italy, and Portugal.

Italian military aircraft
Tonic immobility is a natural state of paralysis that animals enter, often called animal hypnosis. Its function is not certain. It may be related to mating in certain animals like sharks and mammalia. It may also be a way of avoiding or deterring predators (playing dead is called thanatosis).

Tonic immobility has also been used for the paralysis that often immobilizes animals, such as rodents or birds, when they feel threatened by a predator. Tonic immobility plays a role in survival if it helps a hunted animal to blend in with its surroundings. 

Tonic immobility can be induced without causing any apparent stress to the animal. For example, stroking a particular area of a lobster's shell or focusing a hen's attention on a line on the ground.

Tonic immobility has also been said to occur in humans that are subject to intense trauma, such as rape or sexual assault. Catatonia in humans is a serious psychiatric condition that often involves a state of immobility.
Sharks 
Some sharks can be placed in a tonic state. The shark remains in this state of paralysis for an average of fifteen minutes before it recovers. Scientists have exploited this phenomenon to study shark behaviour.  

Some sharks go into tonic immobility when they are turned upside down. With tiger sharks (measuring 3–4 metres, or 10–15 feet, in length), tonic immobility may be achieved by placing hands lightly on the sides of the animal's snout in the area surrounding its eyes. Scientists believe that tonic immobility in sharks may be related to mating, because female sharks seem more responsive than males. During tonic immobility, the dorsal fin(s) straighten, and both breathing and muscle contractions become more steady and relaxed.
Chicken hypnotism 
A chicken can be "hypnotized", or put into a trance, by holding its head down against the ground, and drawing a line along the ground with a stick or a finger, starting at the beak and extending straight outward in front of the chicken. If the chicken is hypnotized in this manner, it will remain immobile for somewhere between 15 seconds and 30 minutes, continuing to stare at the line. One theory is that the trance is caused by fear, which is probably a defensive mechanism intended to feign death, albeit rather poorly.

The first known written reference for this method came in 1646, in Mirabile Experimentum de Imaginatione Gallinae by Athanasius Kircher in Rome.
Methods 
Another hypnosis technique is to hold the chicken face up with its back on the ground, and then run a finger downwards from the chicken's wattles to just above its vent. The chicken's feet are exposed, which facilitates the application of medication for foot mites, etc. Clapping hands or giving the chicken a gentle shove will awaken it.

One can also hypnotize a chicken by mimicking how it sleeps  with its head under its wing. In this method, hold the bird firmly, placing its head under its wing, then, gently rock the chicken back and forth and set it very carefully on the ground. It should stay in the same position for about 30 seconds. H.B. Gibson, in his book Hypnosis: its nature and therapeutic uses, says the record period for a chicken remaining in hypnosis is 3 hours 47 minutes.
Trout tickling 
Trout tickling is the art of rubbing the underbelly of a trout using fingers. If done properly, the trout will go into a trance-like state after a minute or so, and can then easily be thrown onto the nearest bit of dry land.

Tonic immobility as a scientific tool 
The rationale for the tonic immobility test is that the experimenter simulates a predator thereby eliciting an anti-predator response  "death feigning". The precept is that the prey animal 'pretends' to be dead to be able to escape when/if the predator relaxes its concentration. Death feigning birds often take advantage of escape opportunities; tonic immobility in quail reduces the probability of the birds being predated by cats.
Tonic immobility has been used to show that hens in cages are more fearful than those in pens. Hens on the top tier of tiered battery cages are more fearful than those on the lower levels. Hens carried by hand are more fearful than hens carried on a mechanical conveyor. Hens transported for longer times are more fearful than those transported for shorter times.

Tonic immobility as a scientific tool has also been used with mice, gerbils, guinea pigs, rats, rabbits. pigs and monkeys.

References 

Zoology
Ethology
"God's Gonna Cut You Down", also known as "Run On" and "Run On for a Long Time", is a traditional folk song which has been recorded by many artists representing many genres. The lyrics are a warning to sinners that no matter how hard they try, they will not avoid God's judgment. Johnny Cash sang this song for an album called American V: A Hundred Highways (2006).

1946 songs
Marilyn Manson songs
Johnny Cash songs
Elvis Presley songs
Tom Jones (singer) songs
Mercury Rev songs
Odetta songs
Folk songs
"Hurt" is a song written by Trent Reznor. It was first released on Nine Inch Nails' 1994 album The Downward Spiral. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 but lost to Alanis Morissette's "You Oughta Know".

Originally recorded by Nine Inch Nails, the song "Hurt" has been adapted and covered by several artists, including Johnny Cash and Leona Lewis. The song clearly includes references to self-harm and heroin addiction, although the overall meaning of the song is unknown.
In 2002, Johnny Cash covered the song for his album, American IV: The Man Comes Around. The line "crown of shit" was changed to "crown of thorns", not only removing profanity from the lyrics, but also more directly referencing Christ and Cash's devout Christianity. Its accompanying video, featuring images from Cash's life and directed by Mark Romanek, was named the best video of the year by the Grammy Awards and CMA Awards, and the best video of all time by NME in July 2011. The cover was released on a single with the B-side 'Personal Jesus', a cover of the Depeche Mode single.

References
 

1995 songs
1990s ballads
Alternative rock songs
Johnny Cash songs
Leona Lewis songs
Songs about drugs
Nine Inch Nails
Mumford & Sons songs
"Folsom Prison Blues" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Johnny Cash. The song combines two popular folk genres, the train song and the prison song. Cash would continue to use these genres for the rest of his career. It became one of Cash's best known songs.

1955 songs
Johnny Cash songs
Country songs
Songs written by Johnny Cash
"Man in Black" (or "The Man in Black") is a song written and sung by Johnny Cash. The song was said to be based on Cash himself. It was originally released on his 1971 album of the same name. Cash himself was known as "The Man in Black" for his distinctive style of on-stage costuming. It was one of Cash's famous songs.

1971 songs
Johnny Cash songs
Country songs
Songs written by Johnny Cash
Kingsland is a city in Cleveland County, Arkansas, United States. Its population was 347 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is included in the Pine Bluff, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is famous as the birthplace of legendary country music artist Johnny Cash.

References

Cities in Arkansas
Vasoconstriction occurs when blood vessels become narrower because of the tightening of the muscles in their walls. Its opposite is vasodilation, which is when blood vessels widen. For example, when you are cold, blood vessels near the skin vasoconstrict so that you don't lose too much heat from your blood. 

When blood vessels vasoconstrict, this increases blood pressure. Sometimes, blood pressure is too high and this can cause heart disease, so people have to take medicine to make the muscles in the blood vessels relax.

References

Blood vessels
Jeannette Littlemore studies applied linguistics in the English Language department at the University of Birmingham. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in European Studies at the University of Bradford in 1989, Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics and English Language Teaching at the University of East Anglia in 1993, and PhD in English Language Teaching at Thames Valley University in 1998. She has taught in Spain, Japan, Belgium, and the UK. One of her research interests is the use of metaphor and gestures.

Books 
 Figurative Thinking and Foreign Language Learning. Co-author Low, G. Palgrave Macmillan. (2006).
 Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Second Language Learning and Teaching. Palgrave Macmillan. (2009).
 Doing Applied Linguistics. Co-author Groom, N. Routledge. (2011)
 Metonymy: Hidden Shortcuts in Language, Thought and Communication. Cambridge University Press. (2015)

Related pages 
List of women linguists

Other websites 
 An Interview with Jeannette Littlemore

References
References 

Bilingualism and second language acquisition researchers
British linguists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
Wish I Was Here is an American comedy drama movie directed by Zach Braff. It was released on July 18, 2014. It is about Aidan Bloom (Zach Braff), a struggling actor, father and husband. He is trying to find the purpose of his life at the age of 35.

Cast
 Zach Braff as Aidan Bloom
 Kate Hudson as Sarah Bloom
 Joey King as Grace Bloom
 Pierce Gagnon as Tucker Bloom
 Mandy Patinkin as Gabe Bloom
 Josh Gad as Noah Bloom
 Ashley Greene as Janine
 Jim Parsons as Paul
 Donald Faison as Anthony 
 Phill Lewis as nerd
 Leslie David Baker as Audition actor #1
 James Avery as Audition actor #2
 Mark Thudium as Terry
 Bob Clendenin as Defense attorney

Other websites
 
 Wish I Was Here at Kickstarter

2014 movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
"A Boy Named Sue" is a song written by Shel Silverstein. It was first made popular by Johnny Cash.  Cash was at the height of his popularity when he recorded the song live at California's San Quentin State Prison at a concert on February 24, 1969.  The concert was taped by Granada Television. It was later shown as a television program. Carl Perkins played guitar during the performance.  

The sound recording of the concert was later released on Cash's At San Quentin album by Columbia Records. Cash also sang the song as a comedy performance in December 1969 at Madison Square Garden.  

The song became Cash's biggest hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was his only top ten single there, spending three weeks at No. 2 in 1969. The track was also at the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts that same year. It was certified Gold on August 14, 1969, by the RIAA.
Shel Silverstein's recording was released the same year as "Boy Named Sue". It was a single on his album Boy Named Sue (and His Other Country Songs). It was produced by Chet Atkins and Felton Jarvis.

The song 
The story of the song was inspired by the writer Jean Shepherd, a close friend of Shel Silverstein.  He was often made fun of as a child because of his feminine-sounding name.

In his autobiography, Cash wrote that he had just been given the song and only read it a couple of times. It was included in that concert just to try it out. He did not know the words when he first sang it.  On the video recording, he can be seen regularly looking at a piece of paper. Cash was surprised at how well the song went over with the audience.

References 
 

1969 songs
Country songs
American poems
Johnny Cash songs
"Let It Be" is a song by The Beatles, released in March 1970 as a single, and (in an alternate mix) as the title track of their album Let It Be. 

It was written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon. It was their final single before McCartney announced his departure from the band (by that time, Lennon had already left). 

Both the Let It Be album and the US single "The Long and Winding Road" were released after McCartney's announced departure from and subsequent break-up of the group.

"Let It Be" holds the number-one spot on "The Fans' Top 10" poll included in The 100 Best Beatles Songs: An Informed Fan's Guide by Stephen J. Spignesi and Michael Lewis. The song is number three in the 100 Best Beatles Songs list, only behind "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "A Day in the Life", which is number one.

References

Other websites
1970 songs
1970s ballads
Rock ballads
The Beatles songs
Bill Withers songs
Aretha Franklin songs
Ike & Tina Turner songs‎
John Denver songs
Joan Baez songs
Meat Loaf songs
Nick Cave songs
Escape from New York is a 1981 American science fiction movie.  It was released on July 10, 1981. It was directed by John Carpenter and written by Nick Castle.  The film's total budget was estimated to be US$6 million.

It stars Kurt Russell.

The cast includes Donald Pleasence (as the President of the United States), Isaac Hayes, Adrienne Barbeau, Harry Dean Stanton, Lee Van Cleef, Ernest Borgnine, Tom Atkins, Charles Cyphers, Ox Baker, and Jamie Lee Curtis as introduction narrator (uncredited).

A following movie was released called, Escape from L.A..

1981 movies
Movies directed by John Carpenter
American science fiction movies
Movies set in New York City
English-language movies
Dystopian movies
American independent movies
Escape from L.A. is a 1996 American science fiction movie directed by John Carpenter. It stars Kurt Russell, Cliff Robertson, Steve Buscemi, Peter Fonda, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. Robertson replaced Donald Pleasence as President due to his death in 1995. It was sequel for Escape from New York. It was released on August 9, 1996.

Sources

1996 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
Movies directed by John Carpenter
Movies set in Los Angeles
English-language movies
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Movies with underwater settings
American independent movies
The movie Blue Jasmine is a 2013 drama movie. This was directed by Woody Allen. The subject talks about an NYC area woman by the name Jasmine, whose life completely falls apart, at which point she then relocates to San Francisco. This movie was released in July and August 2013. It has received very enthusiastic reviews by the critics. Woody Allen would not release Blue Jasmine in India. It was nominated for 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2014.

References

2013 drama movies

American drama movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies directed by Woody Allen
American independent movies
2013 independent movies
The Thing (also known as John Carpenter's The Thing) is a 1982 American science fiction horror monster movie directed by John Carpenter. It stars Kurt Russell, Wilford Brimley, Richard Dysart, Richard Masur and Donald Moffat. The movie's title refers to the main antagonist: a parasitic extraterrestrial lifeform that violently assimilates other organisms and in turn changes into their shape. The Thing enters an Antarctic research station, taking the appearance of the researchers that it absorbs, and paranoia develops within the group. It was released on June 25, 1982.

Other websites

 
 
 
 The Thing at theofficialjohncarpenter.com 
 Film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum's Set Visit
1982 horror movies
1982 science fiction movies
1980s monster movies
1980s science fiction horror movies
American monster movies
American movie remakes
American science fiction horror movies
Movies about extraterrestrial life
Movies set in Antarctica
1980s English-language movies
Movies directed by John Carpenter
Multilingual movies
Movies composed by Ennio Morricone
Universal Pictures movies
Cult movies
Poseidon is a 2006 American disaster movie directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It is a remake of The Poseidon Adventure. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. It stars Josh Lucas, Kurt Russell and Richard Dreyfuss. It was released on May 12, 2006.

Other websites 
 
 
 

2006 movies
2000s disaster movies
2000s movie remakes
American action movies
American disaster movies
American movie remakes
English-language movies
Movies directed by Wolfgang Petersen
Survival movies
Movies about tsunamis
Air Force One is a 1997 American action-thriller movie written by Andrew W. Marlowe and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It is about a group of Russian terrorists hijacking Air Force One. It stars Harrison Ford, Gary Oldman, Glenn Close, Xander Berkeley, Jürgen Prochnow, William H. Macy, Dean Stockwell, Wendy Crewson, Philip Baker Hall and Paul Guilfoyle. The President of the United States  Bill Clinton praised it. The movie was composed by Jerry Goldsmith. It was released on July 25, 1997. It received positive reviews from critics. It currently has a 78% on rotten tomatoes and has a score of 61 out of 100.

References

Other websites
Air Force One DailyScript.com
1997 action movies
1997 thriller movies
Movies directed by Wolfgang Petersen
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
1990s English-language movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Political movies
Movies about terrorism
Movies about dictators
1990s action thriller movies
American action thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
American disaster movies
American crime drama movies
German action movies
German crime movies
German thriller movies
Buena Vista International movies
Movies about abduction
Movies about families
Movies about air forces
Movies set in Germany
Movies set in Kazakhstan
Movies set in Moscow
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies set in the 1990s
The Atlantic economy was tied into the idea of mercantilism, which thought it was a good idea for European countries to have a lot of colonies that traded only with them. Goods that were traded in the Atlantic economy were rum, slaves, sugar, tobacco, gold, spices, fish, lumber and manufactured goods. Triangular trading became less common in the 20th century due to free trade and ships specialized for particular cargoes.

Other websites

 The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, a portal to data concerning the history of the triangular trade of transatlantic slave trade voyages

Atlantic Ocean
History of colonialism
Trade
Economic history
Historic slave trade
The waistline is the part of a piece of clothing that sits on the wearer's waist. The actual position of the waitline can be different depending on the fashion or how the person chooses to wear the garment, but it is normally just above the hips.

Waistlines can be secured with a variety of methods, such as buttons, knots and zippers. A waistband is a strip of elastic rubber that adjusts to keep the item tight against the body.

Clothing
Waistline can mean several things:

 Waist, the narrow point of the human body between the ribcage and hips
 Waistline (clothing), part of clothing that sits on the waist
Before Copernicus, most people thought that the Sun and the other planets revolved around the Earth (this was called geocentrism). This is because if you stand on Earth, it looks like the Sun and stars are moving across the sky. However, when people watched for many years they saw many things that did not make sense if the Earth was the center of the Solar system. For example, sometimes the planets seemed to move back and forth instead of moving around the Earth. Copernicus explained why these things happen in 1543, when he published the book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ("On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres"). This gave his reasons for thinking the Sun was at the center instead.

Other astronomers who made further advances after Copernicus were Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. For example, Kepler showed that the planets do not orbit in perfect circles, and Galileo built very good telescopes that helped to confirm the heliocentric model.
Copernicus also thought that the sun was the center of the universe, but we now know that this is incorrect. The Sun is part of the Milky Way galaxy which is one out of billions of galaxies.

Further reading

On the Revolutions ; translation of De Revolutionibus with commentary by Edward Rosen, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992, .

References

Solar System
Trance describes a state of mind. A trance is when a person is conscious, and not sleeping, but is unaware of what is happening around him or her.

The term trance is associated with hypnosis, meditation, magic, flow, religion, and certain kinds of music. It is an "altered state of consciousness".

There are many efforts to define what a trance is. Some think it is a borderland between normal consciousness and spirituality

The most straightforward example is when a person is hypnotized, they are in a trance. Conscious, and responding to the hypnotist, the person seems to block out other thoughts and other information.

Another common example is the day-dream, where a person's mind drifts across private thoughts. Everyone daydreams, but young children constantly daydream, and have vivid imaginary fantasies. This is entirely normal. In the language of psychology, this kind of temporary separation from one's surroundings is called "dissociation". Research shows that a lot is going on when we daydream.
There are many examples of trance in religion. African animistic religions, such as that of the Yoruba, feature dances in celebration of the spirits. Under the influence of rhythm and song, a group dances, often for hours at a time. During this time, various members of the group may fall into trances, and some may act as if possessed by one of the spirits being worshiped. States of "spiritual ecstasy" are known in most forms of Christian worship. It is a main part of those aspects of religion known as "mysticism".

Related pages 
Flow (psychology)

References 

Psychology
The Spitzer Space Telescope is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2003. It is the fourth telescope in the Great Observatories program (the Hubble Space Telescope was the first). The Hubble Space Telescope takes pictures of visible light, and the Spitzer Space Telescope takes pictures of infrared light. Unlike Hubble, Spitzer orbits the Sun instead of the Earth.

The Spitzer Space Telescope is named after the scientist Lyman Spitzer. It was planned to last for 2.5 years, but it actually lasted until 2009 when it exhausted its supply of coolant. Some parts of the telescope can work even when they are warm, and are still working.

Discoveries

The Spitzer Space Telescope was able to see very good detail. Spitzer was the first telescope that could see light from extrasolar planets (planets outside the Solar System.) It was also able to see some of the first stars in the universe, believed to be only 100 million years after the Big Bang.
Further reading
Spitzer Space Telescope website at NASA.
Spitzer Space Telescope website at Caltech.

References

Space telescopes
In cosmology, the age of the universe is the amount of time since the Big Bang. The best measurement of the age of the Universe is 13.8 billion years (specifically, 13.798±0.037 billion years). The most recent and most accurate measurements were made by the Planck spacecraft. These measurements were made using the cosmic microwave background radiation and the expansion of the Universe.

History
In the 1800s, evidence from geology showed that the Earth was at least millions of years old. Later, it was thought that the universe was unchanging. However, in the 1920s, Georges Lemaître and Edwin Hubble determined that the universe was expanding (see Hubble's law). Although the estimates made using the initial data were low, radioactive dating on Earth could be used to give measurements of 11–20 billion years to 13–15 billion years. Eventually, scientists were able to make much better measurements using spacecraft.
Ultimate fate 
Essentially unknown, but the fate of planet Earth is known. The Sun will eventually become a red giant and consume the Earth.

References

Cosmology
In grammar, the nominative case is the grammatical case used when talking about the subject of the sentence. For example, "the boy kissed the girl." 
The boy is the subject, so the nominative case is used.

Grammar
In grammar, the genitive case is the grammatical case used when talking about possession: something that belongs to someone. For example, in the sentence "the boy's bike was red," the bike belongs to the boy. The word "boy's" is in the genitive case.

References 

Grammar
NuSTAR is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2012. It is the eleventh satellite in the "Small Explorer" program. Telescopes in space can see much better than on Earth, because the telescopes on Earth need to look through the atmosphere. 

NuSTAR measures high-energy X-rays, which have a much higher frequency than visible light. It uses special optical devices to do this, so it works differently from a normal telescope. This type of telescope is called a Wolter telescope.

NuSTAR is searching for black holes. It is also looking at supernovae to help understand how the chemical elements are created. One of the first discoveries made by NuSTAR, along with another space telescope called XMM-Newton, was to measure the spin rate of a supermassive black hole for the first time.

Further reading

NuSTAR website at NASA.

References

Space telescopes
Malahide is a town near Dublin, Ireland. It is on the coast, right beside the estuary. It is in the administrative county of Fingal, and the traditional County Dublin, Ireland.

County Dublin
Settlements in the Republic of Ireland
Carmelo Flores Laura (likely born July 16, 1906 – June 9, 2014) was a centenarian from Bolivia, who some believed to be born in 1890. That would have made him the person living to be the oldest ever known. However, other documents was found, that indicated he was actually born in 1906. Flores himself only said that he was about 100 years or more, which in that case  was correct.

Laura was born on July 16, 1906 in Bolivia.   

Carmelo Flores Laura worked for the rancher who owned Frasquia, a rural area of Bolivia near Lake Titicaca, until 1952. At that time, the government seized the land and redistributed it to peasants such as Flores. He has lived there since, never traveling father than La Paz,  from his home.

Flores had three children, one of which is alive as of 2013 (Cecilio, aged 67). He has 40 grandchildren and 19 great-grandchildren. His wife died in the 2000s. 

The Bolivian government was said to be planning to officially honor Flores as "a living heritage" of the Bolivian people.
A police ID card and entry in the civil registry stating Flores was born on July 16, 1890 were shown to reporters. The longest fully documented lifespan in history is 122 years and 164 days, achieved by France's Jeanne Calment.  

Flores himself only said "I should be about 100 years old or more," when asked about his age. The Gerontology Research Group found a baptismal certificate that indicated Flores was actually 107 years rather than 123.

Laura died in an Andean village in Bolivia, aged 107.

References

1906 births
2014 deaths 
Bolivian people
Centenarians
Longevity claims
John Barry Prendergast, OBE (3 November 1933 – 30 January 2011) was an English composer and conductor of movie music.

He composed the soundtracks for 11 of the James Bond movies between 1963 and 1987, and also arranged and performed the "James Bond Theme" to the first movie in the series, 1962's Dr. No. He wrote the scores to the award winning films Midnight Cowboy, Dances with Wolves and Out of Africa, in a career spanning over 50 years. In 1999 he was appointed OBE for services to music.

Barry was born on 3 November 1933 in York, Yorkshire, England. He studied at St Peter's School, York.
Barry was married four times. His first three marriages, to Barbara Pickard (1959–63), Jane Birkin (1965–68), and Jane Sidey (1969–78) all ended in divorce. He was married to Laurie from 1978 until his death. The couple had a son, Jonpatrick. Barry had three daughters, Suzanne (Susie) with his first wife, Barbara, Kate with his second wife, Jane, and Sian from a relationship with Ulla Larson between the first two marriages.

Barry died of a heart attack on 30 January 2011 at his Oyster Bay home, aged 77. He is survived by Laurie, his wife of 33 years, and by his four children and five grandchildren.

Influences
Barry stated composers like Alfred Newman, Elmer Bernstein, Henry Mancini, Franz Waxman, Max Steiner, Stan Kenton, Duane Eddy, Chet Baker, Duke Ellington, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Dimitri Tiomkin, Gil Evans, Nino Rota, Count Basie and Bernard Herrmann as influences.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
2011 deaths
English composers
Musicians from Yorkshire
People from York
The Olinguito (Bassaricyon neblina), is a newly identified mammal of genus Bassaricyon. It is part of the Procyonidae family which also include raccoons. 

Its discovery was announced on 15 August 2013 by the curator of mammals at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. The curator discovered specimens of the species in storage at the Field Museum of Natural History and used DNA testing to confirm a new species.

Distribution and habitat
Specimens of the species have been identified from the cloud forest stretching from central Colombia to western Ecuador. Four subspecies of the olinguito have been described.

Ecology and behaviour 
The animal is mainly a frugivore, as well as solitary and nocturnal. It produces a single offspring at a time.

References 

Mammals of South America
Carnivora
Jericho is a very old city in the West Bank. It is mentioned in the Book of Joshua. In 2007 18,346 people lived there.

References

Other websites
Bible places 

Cities in the West Bank
Old Testament
Marvin Kaplan (January 24, 1927 – August 25, 2016) is an American actor. He is known for providing the voice of Choo-Choo in Top Cat. He is also known for appearing in the comedy movie It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) and The Great Race.

Kaplan was born on January 24, 1927 in Brooklyn, New York. His career began in 1949. He was married to Rosa Felsenberg from 1973 until they divorced in 1976. 

He died on August 25, 2016 in Burbank, California of heart failure, aged 89.

References

Other websites

official website
An interview with Marvin Kaplan, April 2012 - Part One
An interview with Marvin Kaplan, April 2012 - Part Two

1927 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Lisa Robin Kelly (March 5, 1970 – August 15, 2013) was an American actress who acted mostly on television. She played Laurie Forman in the sitcom That '70s Show. She also acted in other sitcoms for TV. Kelly was raised in Connecticut. She died  in Altadena, Los Angeles County on August 15, 2013 from a drug-overdose, aged 43.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Connecticut
American movie actors
American television actors
Drug-related deaths in the United States
1970 births
2013 deaths
Earl Cameron, CBE (8 August 1917 – 3 July 2020) was a Bermudian actor. Along with Cy Grant, he was known as one of the first black actors to break the "colour bar" in the United Kingdom. He also had repeated appearances on many British science fiction programmes of the 1960s, including Doctor Who, The Prisoner and The Andromeda Breakthrough.

Cameron was born on 8 August 1917 in Pembroke, Bermuda. He was married to Audrey Cameron until her death in 1994. Then he was married to Barbara Cameron from 1994 to 2020. He had six children with Audrey.

Cameron died on 3 July 2020 in London from pneumonia, aged 102.

References

Other websites
 Podcast interview with Earl Cameron on his life on the occasion of receiving his honorary degree from the University of Warwick on 23rd January 2013
 Feature on Earl Cameron at onecountry.org
 
 Royal Gazette interview with Earl Cameron 
 Biography details on Screenonline
 Detailed filmography at the British Film Institute
1917 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Bermudian entertainers
British movie actors
British stage actors
British television actors
British voice actors
British centenarians
Actors who played in James Bond movies
Earl Stevick (23 October 23, 1923 - 13 August 2013) was an expert in language learning and teaching. Stevick was influential in developing the communicative approach to language learning. He was a practicing Christian and this greatly influenced his approach to education.

Academic career 
He studied government at Harvard University, earned a Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Foreign Language at Columbia University, and a PhD in linguistics at Cornell University. After he received his PhD, Stevick began teaching at Scarritt College for Christian Workers in Nashville, Tennessee. He applied for and received a Ford Fellowship and went to teach in Angola, Belgian Congo and Southern Rhodesia for two years. He then worked for the U.S. State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, creating courses to learn local African languages.
Stevick was one of a small group of language educators who created the Master of Arts in Teaching degree at the SIT Graduate Institute in 1969. It was called School for International Training at that time. He continued to help with that program as a member of the advisory board.

Books 
 Memory, Meaning and Method (1976 & 1996 editions)
 Teaching Languages, A Way and Ways
 Humanism in Language Teaching: A Critical Perspective 
 Teaching and Learning Languages
 Chinyanja Basic Course  (and many other FSI courses)
 Success with Foreign Languages 
 "Images and Options in the Language Classroom"
 "Adapting and Writing Language Lessons"

Family 
Stevick met Betty Rae Culp in 1947. They married in 1948. Some of Stevick's family members are still alive, including: a brother, Bob Stevick, of Seattle, Washington; three children, Becky Clarke of Lexington, Marian Walton of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Joel Stevick of Rockville, Maryland; eight grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.

References
References 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Bilingualism and second language acquisition researchers
People from Sioux City, Iowa
Columbia University alumni
Academics from Vermont‎
American linguists
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of semiconductor in order for it to work. BJTs can be used as amplifiers, switches, or in oscillators. BJTs can be found either on their own, or in large numbers as parts of integrated circuits.

They are named bipolar transistors because their operation involves both electrons and holes.

The current gained is measured in hfe, Forward Current Gain. Typical amount can be between 200-350.

Other websites

 Simulation of a BJT in the Common Emitter Circuit

References 

Electronics