Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Writings

Study on Cuba
He wrote two books and some articles on Cuban politics, especially on the US embargo (which usually stops Americans from doing business with Cubans), which he thinks (in the book "La Transición Cubana y el "Bloqueo" Norteamericano" and other works) is not good.

In an article published in the British academic journal Democratization in 1998, he focused in particular on how the US embargo against Cuba helps create "empathy" by third parties towards Cuba, so that Cubans think it is support for Cuba's government.  So he argued that the US Government – in addition to the embargo's direct influence on supporting Cuba's regime – indirectly interferes with the possibility of improving Cuba. That is because third countries, foreign non-governmental organizations and prominent individuals lend support to Cuba's resistance to the US embargo, and this offsets external pressures for democracy, thereby allowing the Cuban regime to convert such "empathy" into a source of legitimacy at home.
His scholarly work on internal Cuban politics, notably on the 1996 purge of Havana's Centre for American Studies (CEA) (contained in the book "El Caso CEA" published in 1998), has been the object of academic reviews, as it exposed the internal conflicts between Cuba's political apparatus and the country's intelligentsia (most intelligent people), previously unknown.
According to some reviews, the book, a work of investigative journalism helped by academic analysis, dealt a strong blow to hard-liners within the regime,
by exposing for the first time the internal conflicts between Cuba's apparatus and its intelligentsia.
In 2001, Cuban exiled scholars Alberto Álvarez and Gerardo González, who were among those purged from the CEA, wrote the book "¿ Intelectuales vs. Revolución ?  El caso del Centro de Estudios sobre América", which strongly built upon Giuliano's book to offer further insights on relations between Cuba's political apparatus and the country's intellectuals.
Journalism
Besides work on Cuba, other countries Giuliano covered in his journalistic work include East Timor and Myanmar (formerly known as Burma).

In 2000, he visited North Korea and published an essay about his visit, essentially describing his tour around the country as being like a movie made by the North Korean authorities.

In his journalistic work, he reportedly ran into problems with the authorities of at least two countries.  In 1998, he was denied entry to Myanmar after making contact with the National League for Democracy and taking photos of its leader Aung San Suu Kyi.  And on 30 October 2002, he was reportedly detained and manhandled by Israeli authorities while crossing the Allenby Bridge.

Giuliano's writings have also included lighter topics.  During his time in Kabul, for example, he wrote restaurant reviews for a local English-language magazine.
Political advocacy
In the early 2000s, Giuliano was a consultant for the Italian Senate's Committee on Human Rights.  At that time, at least some of his writings were also intended to influence the positions of the Italian Government on certain human rights issues, as was the case with material that he wrote on North Korea.

Development career
In 2004, Giuliano worked for the International Organization for Migration in the elections for Afghan refugees in Pakistan,
and in 2005 worked in Afghanistan for the United Nations Development Programme.
In both cases, he was working in the field of communications with the media.

Between 2006 and 2008, he served with the United Nations, again in the field of media relations, in the Central African Republic,
Sudan,
Chad,
and Cameroon following the refugee crisis caused by the battle of N'Djamena of February 2008.
Travel
According to the Guinness Book, through his work, he had travelled to every single sovereign country in the world (which totalled 193 according to the Guinness Book) by 20 February 2004, aged 28 years and 361 days.  He claimed that he had visited a total of up to 238 territories (including the 193 sovereign countries recognized by Guinness), and stated that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) had been the hardest country to get into, after numerous attempts and long waits to get a visa.

He started travelling at age 14, and believes that, as of 2004, he had travelled at least two million miles, including on the Trans-Siberian Railway and through 11 round-the-world air journeys.  Some of his earliest journeys were to Albania and Sierra Leone in 1991, aged 16, and to Mongolia in 1992 for their national festivities Naadam.  Most of his later travels were related to his journalistic work.
On 20 February 2004 he visited Suriname, thereby completing his visit to all sovereign nations of the world.  He held a press conference there on 24 February, where he stated that he had chosen Suriname to complete his record, as the country had always fascinated him due to its richness and variety in cultures and ethnicities.
He then travelled from Suriname to London, with 42 passports (of which 30 were Italian and 12 British) filled with immigration stamps, in order to prove his record to Guinness World Records.

He claimed that most of his travels were unrelated to the record, and that only since 2001, on the suggestion of friends, did he have the Guinness Record in mind when planning his travels.  In explaining his record, however, he stated that he might have an "addiction to crossing borders".
Bibliography 
  with foreword by José Antonio Viera-Gallo Quesney, La Transición Cubana y el 'Bloqueo' Norteamericano, Ediciones CESOC; 1st edition (May 1997), .
  El Caso CEA: Intelectuales e Inquisidores en Cuba, Ediciones Universal; 2nd edition (November 1998), .

References 

1975 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Italian journalists
Aang is a fictional character and the main hero in Nickelodeon's television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. The character was made by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko and voiced by Zach Tyler Eisen. He has a part in all the episodes of Avatar, except "Zuko Alone" (7th episode of Book 2). Aang is also in the first episode, "The Boy In The Iceberg". Aang appears in other media, like trading cards (a card that is collected), video games, T-shirts, and web comics.

Aang is the last Airbender. They were the only race of people who could control the air. He is  112 years old. He has not become older because he had been frozen in an iceberg for 100 years, and is still like a 12 year old, because he used Avatar State to protect himself and his bison. In the second show, it is discovered that Aang is the living form of the Avatar. This is the spirit of the planet in human form. As the Avatar, Aang controls the elements and must keep the Four Nations at peace. The show follows Aang's journeys to do this.
Most of Aang's habits, such as vegetarianism, are based on Buddhist and Taoist tradition. Aang is the series' unwilling hero. He shows hesitation when joining his friends to save the world from the Fire Nation. His "lighthearted" personality has been praised by critics. The creators wanted Aang to "win enemies with his wits" and be a "trickster hero".

Creation

Aang's character was created by Bryan Konietzko. The sketch showed a middle-aged man with an arrow on his head. Konietzko changed the character into a picture of a child with a flying bison. At the same time, Michael Dante DiMartino was interested in a documentary about explorers trapped in the South Pole. The idea caused the pair to think:
Aang's character has a well grown cultural belief. According to the show's creators, "Avatar based on the belief of Buddhism and Taoism." A important part of the character is his vegetarian diet, regular with Buddhism or Taoism. In the Brahmajala Sutra, a Buddhist code of ethics, vegetarianism is encouraged. In "The King of Omashu" (the 5th episode of first season), Aang shows his vegetarian beliefs by refusing to eat meat. Aang shows a reluctance to fight and an dislike of killing. In "The Spirit World (Winter Solstice, Part 1)", Aang gets into a fight with an angry spirit who is destroying a village because the people burned his home (one forest). Instead of fighting the spirit, Aang talks with it.
Airbending, the element that Aang mainly uses in the show, is based on Baguazhang, an "internal" Chinese martial art. This fighting style focuses on circular movements, and does not have many finishing moves. These characteristics were meant to show the unpredictability of air and the peaceful nature of Airbenders in the show.

In the episode "Tales of Ba Sing Se" (the 15th episode of second season), Aang’s name was written as  (ān áng) in Chinese.

In the series
The creators of the show call each season a "book" and each episode a "chapter"; each of these books was take the name of element that Aang must control, except the air. Flashbacks also reveal events that happened before the show opened. In a flashback during "The Storm", Aang remembered the day when elder monks told him that he was the Avatar. Monk Gyatso, Aang's teacher and father-figure, said that Aang must be raised as a normal child. Nearing the end, the monks began to believe that Gyatso interfered too much, so they decide to send Aang to the Eastern Air Temple. Aang refuses to be torn away from his mentor; he writes a note for Gyatso before flying away on his bison, Appa. It is revealed in the first episodes of the show that a violent storm catches Aang and sends him into the ocean during his escape. Aang then enters the Avatar State, unknowingly, for the first time to encase himself and Appa in a frozen air bubble. An image of this air bubble, resembling an iceberg, ends the flashback.
After the 100 years he was in the iceberg with his bison, the story starts when Katara and her brother Sokka free Aang and Appa in the first episode. In the next episode, they all started the trip to the Northern Water Tribe, with hope to find a waterbending master to teach Aang and Katara how to control the water. During their journey they are chased by Zuko, the banished prince of the Fire Nation, who must capture the Avatar to return his honor. In one episode, Aang meets his previous incarnation, Avatar Roku (born on Fire Nation), who said him that he must learn all four bending arts and win Fire Lord Ozai before the end of summer. When the team, named team "Avatar", arrived in the Northern Water Tribe, a Waterbender named Master Pakku teaches Aang (and later Katara) waterbending. Later, in the second season, Aang meets Toph Bei Fong, a blind earthbending, who becomes his earthbending teacher
. Later, Aang and his friends learn about the solar eclipse, which will occur before the end of the summer, and will block the Firebenders powerless. During the season finale, a guru tried to teach Aang how to open up his seven chakras in order to control the Avatar State. When Aang has a vision of Katara being in danger, he leaves the Air Temple where he is being taught before the seventh chakra is opened, locking it. He then battles in the underground caverns of Ba Sing Se. He is killed when Azula strikes him with lightning, but is brought back to life thanks to Katara's special water that has healing abilities, and also her healing abilities.
In the third season, Aang and his friends had to win a new enemy - an killer hired by Zuko who shoots with his third eye. Aang and his friends from Earth Kingdom attack the Fire Nation capital during the solar eclipse, but the invasion failed because Azula knew about it. In the next episode, Zuko offers to teach Aang firebending. Aang accepts, despite the group's strong opposition. In "The Firebending Masters" (the 13th episode of third season) Aang learns firebending with the help of the last two dragons.
Before the final battle with Ozai, he is trapped with his friends because he does not find correct he kills Ozai. After he sleepwalks into a forest, he speaks with four previous Avatars (Roku, Kyoshi, Kuruk, Yangchen), and asking for advice. Each gives him a reason to kill the Fire Lord Ozai, discouraging him. After discovering that the forest is atop a swimming lion-turtle, and receiving advice from said lion-turtle, he prepares to confront the Fire Lord. Once Ozai arrives, Aang engages him in battle. After sparing Ozai when redirecting his lightning and then being backed into a corner, Aang enters the Avatar State. The Avatar State tips the battle in Aang's favor, and makes swift work of Ozai. Using a technique taught to him by the lion-turtle, which called Energybending, Aang removes Ozai's ability to firebend, effectively eliminating the threat. Later, in the Fire Nation capital, Aang is seen in monk robes, standing beside Zuko while he become Fire Lord
. He is later seen relaxing with his friends in Ba Sing Se. The series ends with Aang and Katara kissing.
Characteristics

Michael Dante DiMartino, one of the show's creators, said:

Aang is a vegetarian, as shown in "The King of Omashu" (the 5th episode of first season) and "The Headband" (the 2nd episode of  third season) when he refuses to eat meat since the Air Nomads taught him that life is holy. Aang states a reluctance to fight in "The Spirit World (Winter Solstice, Part 1)"; Aang hopelessly negotiates with a spirit who is destroying a village instead of fighting. Due to his non-violent nature, he also shows ethical reluctance refusing to killing Firelord Ozai, and eventually strips Ozai of his bending instead of killing him. In the show, Aang has a complex network of friends extending over all four nations.
Aang, in "The Storm" (the 12th episode of first season), said that he wishes he had been there to help Air Nomads a century ago, but would rather live a child's carefree life. Many times in the show, Aang shows how much he cares for those are close to him. He also showed that he can act immaturely, and once tried to deceive others in order to keep the group together. In "Bato of the Water Tribe" (the 15th episode of first season), Aang thinks Katara and Sokka might leave to visit their father. Aang hides the map showing their father's whereabouts and lies about having it in the first place.

In some episodes, he shows flight abilities with airbending. One technique for this is to make a sphere of air and ride on it, which Aang calls the Air Scooter. Other methods of flying include his glider, and Appa. In the Avatar State, Aang can also fly inside a ball of air.

Reception
Reception

In the show's intended demographics, Aang has been received very well. Kendall Lyons said that, "Aang seems to be the happy kid that you can easily familiarize yourself with", and that he "seems to bring comfort in the most dangerous or trouble situations." There are many similar descriptions about Aang as a childlike character who is "reckless and excitable". Reviews point out that "as the Avatar, Aang seems unstoppable, but as Aang, he is just another like an airbender". The review says later that the show continues to focus on a more realistic character instead of a perfect one by showing many weaknesses in his character.

Other media
Other media

Aang's character showed in the Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game. He is 1 of the 4 characters of Avatar: The Last Airbender video game, a video game based on the first season of the show. Two sequels were made: Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth, a video game based on the second season of the show, and Avatar: The Last Airbender - Into the Inferno, a video game based on the third season. Avatar T-shirts, some with Aang's face on them, are being sold on the Nickelodeon Shop website. Tokyopop has published a films comic (sometimes referred to as cine-manga), in which Aang is the main character, like in Avatar: The Last Airbender.

Aang is in Escape from the Spirit World, an online video game that is on Nickelodeon's real website. The game has some plot changes that are not in the show. The show's directors, Michael DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, say the events are canon. In Nicktoons MLB, he is a playable character.
In 2008, M. Night Shyamalan, a film director, cast 12-year-old Tae Kwon Do practitioner Noah Ringer as Aang in the film adaptation of the series, The Last Airbender.  The casting of a white actor in the role of Aang (as well as a primarily Caucasian cast) in the Asian-influenced Avatar universe triggered negative reactions from some fans marked by accusations of racism, a letter-writing campaign, and a protest outside of a Philadelphia casting call for movie extras.  The casting decisions were also negatively received by several critics who stated that the original casting call expressed a preference for Caucasian actors over others.

Gordon Cormier will play the character in the Netflix live-action remake of the series.

References

Other websites
 Official TV Show Website  at Nick.com
 Aang at Nick.com
 Aang  at Avatarspirit.net

Animated characters
Characters of Avatar: The Last Airbender
Fictional characters introduced in 2005
Batuque is an African-inspired or Afro-Brazilian religion, practiced mainly in Brazil. The religion started in the city of Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul.

Religion in Brazil
Afro-American religion
Porto Alegre
Macumba is one of the Afro-Brazilian religion that mixes Umbanda, Quimbanda, Candomblé and other religions, in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and specially Bahia, Brazil, where those religions were born.

Religion in Brazil
Afro-American religion
Umbanda is the only 100% Brazilian religion. It mixes Candomblé, Kardecism as well as Roman Catholicism. It was created on November 15, 1908 in Niterói, a city from Rio de Janeiro, by Zélio de Morais and a Spirit called Caboclo das Sete Encruzilhadas.

Religion in Brazil
Afro-American religion
Guitar Hero may mean:

 Guitar Hero (series), a series of music video games published by RedOctane and Activision that includes the following titles:
 Guitar Hero (video game), the first video game in the series
 Guitar Hero II
 Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s
 Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock
 Guitar Hero III Mobile
 Guitar Hero World Tour

 Guitar Hero (song), a song by Monkey Steals the Peach
 Guitar Heroes, a 2004 classic music album by the Los Angeles Guitar Quartet
Jak and Daxter is a series of video games, developed by the company Naughty Dog. It is named after the two heroes of the games. Right now, five games are in the series.

Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy
Jak II
Jak 3
Jak X: Combat Racing
Daxter (prequel to Jak II)
Jak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier

Where the games happen

All of the Jak and Daxter games happen on a planet that is similar to Earth, where many creatures who look like humans with long ears live. A long time ago, beings called "Precursors" lived on the planet, but disappeared, and the people use the machines the Precursors left behind. Outside of cities and villages, there are many wild and dangerous animals.
A substance called "Eco" is also used by the people. It can be found as gas, liquid, or even solid crystals. There are several different kinds of Eco, and all the different Ecos can do special things. Green Eco can heal injuries or damage, and Blue Eco can make things move faster. There is also Dark Eco, a dangerous kind of Eco which can kill or mutate. In the first Jak and Daxter game, Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy, the character Daxter falls into a pit full of Dark Eco and turns into an "Ottsel", a fictional, or not real, cross between an otter and a weasel.

Gameplay
Gameplay

When Naughty Dog first told people about Jak and Daxter, people were very excited, because Naughty Dog had made the famous Crash Bandicoot series. Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy was one of the first video games to use something called streaming, which means that the game loads while it is being played, so there are no loading screens. It was also very similar to the games Super Mario 64 and Banjo-Kazooie, because players need to jump, explore, and collect a special kind of object to win the game.

After The Precursor Legacy, the Jak and Daxter games started to be about other things, not just jumping and finding things. Jak II, the second game, gives the player guns to shoot and vehicles to drive. This is like in the Grand Theft Auto video games.
The first three games of the Jak series; Precursor Legacy, Jak II, and Jak 3; are still mainly about platforming. The player controls the character Jak or the character Daxter in jumping puzzles to get to a goal. The character can only get hit by wild animals or monsters only a few times before dying and having to start the goal over, but the character can get life back by touching Green Eco. In Jak 3, the player can get armor that lets Jak be hit more before dying.

The player can also use attacks or guns to kill the monsters before Jak or Daxter is hit and hurt.

3D platform games
Geo was a brand of economy cars sold by Chevrolet dealerships. Geo was founded in 1989 to compete with Japanese automotives. Geo's roots date back to the 1970s in which General Motors began selling and offering captive imports. The Buick Opel which was originally an Isuzu Gemini and was also offered to future GM marque Daewoo as the Maepsy (which was sold as a Saehan and later Daewoo model). Geo cars were a joint venture between GM and its Japanese partners which included Toyota, Suzuki and Isuzu. Chevrolet's revived Nova (the Corolla Sprinter) led to Chevrolet Sprint (Suzuki Cultus) and the Spectrum (Isuzu Gemini). All three cars were rebranded as Geo in 1989. Geo was cancelled in 1997 and merged into the Chevrolet brand. The Geo models were the Metro, Prizm, Storm, Tracker, and Spectrum. The Prizm was made at New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. which was jointly owned by Toyota and General Motors
. While the Metro and Tracker were made at CAMI Automotive a joint venture between GM and Suzuki, and the Storm and Spectrum were made entirely in Japan by Isuzu, and because of dwindling Isuzu sales they were short-lived. Many Geo models continued as Chevrolet's and were later replaced by in-house cars (i.e. Chevrolet Cobalt (Geo Prizm), a another joint venture vehicle or inherited models from GM Daewoo/Korea.
The Geo Prizm was a small car sold by Chevrolet from 1990 to 1997. Replacing the Chevrolet Nova, it was based on a Toyota Corolla Sprinter with the Geo name on it. The Prizm was produced alongside the Corolla and the Tacoma pickup truck at New United Motor Manufacturing in Fremont, California which was jointly owned by General Motors and Toyota from 1985-2010. From 1989-1992 it was sold as a subcompact sedan and hatchback, but in 1992 it was redesigned and sold solely as a compact sedan (this was due to Toyota Corolla and Sprinter being redesigned). The Prizm and the Corolla shared the same parts and engines. It is the only Geo model not sold in Canada under Pontiac. In 1998, the name of the car was changed to Chevrolet Prizm. Due to the discontinued Toyota Sprinter and a loss in sales General Motors replaced the Prizm with the Pontiac Vibe and the Chevrolet Cobalt.

sedans
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Chevrolet automobiles
The Pontiac Vibe was a compact car made by General Motors with Toyota at New United Motor Manufacturing plant in Freemont, California. It was only sold as a five-door hatchback. The Vibe has the same engine and parts as the Toyota Matrix and Toyota Corolla. The Vibe and Matrix were made in different factories. The Vibe had replaced the Chevrolet Prizm in 2002 due to low sales and the discontinued Toyota Sprinter (Prizm was a mere rebadged version of this car).The Vibe was sold in Japan by Toyota as the Voltz from 2002 to 2004. Pontiac Vibe discontinued in 2009 due to General Motors and Toyota's decision to close down NUMMI. After Pontiac announced it would go out of business, General Motors announced that the Vibe would be replaced with Buick Verano (a badge engineered Opel Astra). Though it only offered limited AWD it was often categorized as a compact crossover and competed with the Dodge Caliber.

Sport utility vehicles
Pontiac automobiles
The Geo Metro was a car sold by Chevrolet from 1989 to 2001. The Metro was made by Suzuki and sold at Chevrolet dealerships. The Metro was the twin car of the similar Suzuki Cultus, with only minor differences in grilles and interior.  The other names for this car were the Chevrolet Sprint, Suzuki Swift, and Pontiac Firefly. From 1989-1997 the Metro was offered as a convertible, sedan and three-door/five-door hatchback. In 1997 the car was absorbed into the Chevrolet brand along with its Geo siblings. From 1998-2001 it was sold under Chevrolet as a three-door hatchback and a sedan. In 2001 the Metro was reduced strictly to rental and fleet status. The Metro was discontinued after 2001. Only to be replaced by the Chevrolet Aveo (derived from the Daewoo Kalos, a Korean model) in 2004. It had the best fuel economy of any gasoline vehicle in the US, with 41 MPG.

1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Chevrolet automobiles
Suzuki automobiles
One Liberty Plaza is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is  tall and has 54 floors. It was built in 1973.

At first it was named the U.S. Steel Building, but later the name was changed to One Liberty Plaza.

The Singer Building, built in 1908 and once the tallest building in the world, was torn down in 1968 to make room for One Liberty Plaza.

References

Other websites 

 Emporis.com - One Liberty Plaza
 SkyscraperPage.com - 1 Liberty Plaza

Skyscrapers in New York City
1973 establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Malware, short for malicious software, is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer. There are different kinds of malware that can hurt computers, such as viruses, Trojan horses, spyware and ransomware. These programs can steal passwords, delete files, collect personal information, or even stop a computer from working at all. Computer security or anti-malware software is usually good at stopping malware from installing itself. When security software is not installed, malware can get into the computer. Getting rid of malware can be difficult, even when using programs designed to remove it.

The term "malware" refers only to software that is made for malicious purposes and works against users' expectations — and so does not include applications that may do unintended harm due to software bugs.
History
People first started writing malware in the 1970s and early 1980s. Computers were very simple then. They did not have any interesting information for malware to take. Instead, people wrote malware for fun or just to show that they could. Even the most common piece of malware from this time did not do damage to people's computers. In fact, malware was so rare that the word "malware" was not coined until 1990. 

More people started using the computers in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Computers were getting more complex and faster. People saw that they could use malware to get useful information now, like passwords and credit card information. So, more programmers started writing malware. The number of malware programs on the Internet has grown very quickly ever since then the late 1990s and is still growing today. Experts think that 31.5% of the world's computers have some type of malware installed.
Purposes
The main reason people write malware is to hurt others and make money, usually by stealing or deleting important information. The Cryptolocker computer virus, for example, makes it so a person cannot use their own computer until they pay the malware writers for a software key to unlock it. Another virus, CIH, tries to make it so the victim can never use their files or turn on their computer again. Malicious keystroke logging software remembers everything a user types in and gives it to the malware author to read.

World governments have written malware to hurt their enemies. Experts think that the United States government made a virus named Stuxnet to stop an important place in Iran from working. The Chinese government probably used a virus to stop people from protesting its decisions.
How malware gets installed
There are a lot of ways malware can get onto someone's computer. One common way is through email attachments. These attachments are usually sent from other computers that already have malware on them. When someone downloads and opens the attachment, the virus installs and uses their computer to send itself to even more people. 

Another way malware installs itself is when a victim gets malware just by going to a website with the malware hidden on it. This is called  drive-by downloading. A user does not have to click anything for their computer to get infected from a drive-by download. This kind of malware attack is usually found on websites that are not used a lot or whose security methods are very old. However, even current websites that people use all the time can host drive-by downloads when someone hacks the site.
People who write malware also get their programs onto computers by attaching them to real programs that people want. This is most common with pirated programs. This is because the downloader was doing something illegal and cannot complain to the authorities without getting in trouble themselves. However, some non-piracy websites also put malware (or other unwanted programs that are almost as bad as malware) in a download with real, legal software in a process known as bundling. Computer security experts complain about websites that bundle real software with malware. Their complaints do not always stop the websites from bundling.

Kinds of malware
There are many different kinds of malware. Each acts a different way.
Viruses are a kind of malware that need a user-run program to work. They cannot copy themselves or move from one computer to another without a program to host it. Viruses are very common in pirated programs. They can harm computers in many different ways, like deleting files and stealing passwords.

 Worms are a lot like viruses and can cause the same kinds of damage. However, they're able to move through the internet and copy themselves onto computers without help from a host program. This makes them more dangerous than a virus. Worms are usually found in emails and drive-by downloads.
Trojan horses are a type of harmful software that masquerades as a regular, benign program or utility in order to persuade a victim to install it. A Trojan horse usually carries a hidden destructive function that is activated when the application is started. They need a user to agree to run a program to work and cannot copy themselves from one computer to another. However, trojan horses can make the same problems a normal virus can make. They can also allow the malware writer to control the victim's computer, install more malware, steal bank data, and more. For example, ransomware is a type of trojan horse that stops a victim from using their files until they pay the person who wrote the malware. Experts think that trojan horses are the most common type of malware in existence.
Adware is a type of malware that earns the program authors money with advertising. These programs show users ads and force them to use websites that make money for the malware writers. Adware will also find personal information about the victim (such as their age, race, and job). This is so the malware authors can sell the information to other people. A user can usually uninstall adware easier than most malware. However, this is still difficult to do without a specially-designed program. 

 Spyware is a more dangerous kind of adware that steals more information from a user. Spyware can steal someone's Internet traffic, account passwords, and anything they have typed into their computers. Spyware is also much harder to uninstall than adware is.
Why computers get malware
There are a few reasons why computers get programs a user didn't mean to install. One common reason is because of regular programs that have software bugs. Malware can use bugs, such as a buffer overflow, to make a program do something it was not designed to do. Malware can also get onto a computer if it tricks a user into putting it there themselves. This can happen when a user plugs in a USB flash drive that has a virus on it already. Malware also commonly uses social engineering to get users to run it, like pretending to be an important email attachment for work. Some malware even pretends to be an anti-malware program to get people to run it.
How malware is stopped
Since malware is such a big problem, many companies make programs to try to stop it. These anti-malware programs have a lot of different ways to find malware. One is static analysis, which looks at the source code of a program before it is run. Then, if the program is similar to malware the static analysis program has seen before, the anti-malware program will stop the code from running. Another way of finding malware is dynamic analysis. Dynamic analysis runs only part of a program it is checking. If this part of the program tries to do anything that could be bad or harmful, the anti-malware program will not let the program run.
Malware can also be stopped without a program. This can be done by not letting a computer connect to the Internet or other computers, called creating an air gap. However, these computers can still get malware if someone puts it there another way. One example is when someone plugs in a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive that was already plugged into a computer with a virus.

References
Matrixism or The path of the One is a new religion based on the movie The Matrix. It was started by a group of people in the year 2004. By the year 2005, Matrixism had over 300 members and it was seen in books and newspapers. There are now 16,000 members of Matrixism.

Matrixism is a syncretic religion (a religion that joins together all religions). The words "the matrix" are seen in a Baha'i book from the year 1912 named "The Promulgation (starting) of Universal (complete international) Peace". Matrixism uses this fact to make a connection to the history of world religion but the three Matrix motion pictures are Matrixism's Bible (prime book).
Matrixism has four beliefs called "The Four Tenets (rules) of Matrixism". The four rules are; 1) Belief in the prophecy of the One. 2) Use of psychedelics (mind expansion medicine) as sacrament. 3) Seeing the relative nature of the world. 4) Acting by the rules of one of the world's religions. For Matrixism April 19th is a holiday (special day) named Bicycle Day. November 22nd is another holiday for Matrixism named the Day of Remembrance and Reflection. Aldous Huxley, John F. Kennedy and C.S. Lewis all died on this day in 1963.

The sign for Matrixism is 赤, the Japanese kanji for the word "red". This sign was used in the computer game Enter the Matrix. The color is a reference to the "red pill", from the motion picture The Matrix, which is representative of being able to see that which is true. The word (sign) 赤 is also a Chinese word (character). In fact, the Japanese kanji is from a Chinese character.

References

Other websites
 
 

New religious movements
The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team. They play their home games in the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. They are a part of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and play in the Atlantic Division. The Celtics are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 17 NBA championships, tied with the Los Angeles Lakers for the most in NBA history.

History
The Celtics were one of the first NBA teams. Since their start in 1913, they have been the most successful teams, winning 17 NBA championships, including eight championships in a row at one point. The Celtics' seventeen championships is more than any other team. The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden.
From 2007 to 2013, they were lead by the big four: Kevin Garnett, Paul Pierce, Ray Allen, and Rajon Rondo, leading the team to the 2008 championship as well as making the Finals in 2010 both times against the Lakers. But in July 2012, Allen was traded to the Miami Heat (where he won his second championship in 2013) and in July 2013, Garnett and Pierce were traded to the Brooklyn Nets. Rondo remained with the Celtics until the beginning of the 2014-15 season.

Rival Teams

Celtics-Lakers Rivalry
The rivalry between the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers is between two most of the best franchises in NBA history. It has been called the NBA's best rivalry. The two teams have met a record twelve times in the NBA Finals, starting with their first Finals meeting in 1959. They would go on to win the league in the 1920s and the 1980s, playing each other six times in the 1960s and three times in the 1980s.
Celtics-Warriors Rivalry 
The rivalry between the Boston Celtics and Golden State Warriors is a new rivalry that began in the 2021-2022 NBA season. They met in the Finals that season, which the last time that happened was in 1964, where the Celtics won in 5 games. This time though, the Warriors completely cooked the Celtics and Stephen Curry took home the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award and became the father of the Boston Celtics. In their most recent matchup, the Warriors dominated in their Finals rematch, and Stephen Curry secured those adoption papers.

References

Other websites

 
1946 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in Massachusetts
"Across the Universe" is a song by the English rock group The Beatles. It was written by John Lennon, and credited to Lennon/McCartney.

The Beatles songs
1970 songs
Bastia is a town and commune of northern Corsica, in France. It is the capital (in French "préfecture") of the Haute-Corse département and has a population of about 40,000 inhabitants. Bastia is also an important Corsican port and is famous for its wines. The rate of unemployment in the commune has been very high, and was 20% in 2004.

Geography 
Bastia is in the northeast of Corsica, at the base of Cap Corse. Bastia is the main port of the island and its principal commercial town. The wind in Bastia is frequent and violent.

History 
Before the occupation of Corsica by the Genoese, Cardo was a large city. Around the city were little villages where the fishermen of Cardo lived. This little port was called Porto Cardo, which means "the port of Cardo."
The Genoese felt the need to shelter the city from the sea storms and began to construct walls and buildings. In the time of governor Leonello Lomellini, in 1380, they built a bastiglia, also known as a citadel. With time, the bastiglia (Bastia) became more prosperous and important than Cardo.

Bastia was the capital of Corsica until 1791.

Places of interest and monuments 
 The Museum of Corsica

Famous people born in Bastia 
 Vincent de Moro Giafferi (1878–1956): lawyer, nicknamed the "Grand Moro"
 César Campinchi (1882–1941): lawyer and French politician
 César Vezzani (1888–1951): opera singer
 John Bernard (1893–1983): American politician
 Angelo Rinaldi (1940— ): French writer and member of the Académie française
 Yves Simonpaoli, painter and professor of dentistry
 Henry Padovani, original guitarist of The Police.

Sister city 
 Erding, in Bavaria, Germany

Sport 
The official football team of Basti is the Sporting Club de Bastia.

Other websites
Other websites

 Official website 
 Bastia travel information at Wikivoyage

Communes in Haute-Corse
Departmental capitals in France
Alchevsk () is a city in the Luhansk Oblast of south-eastern Ukraine.

Alchevsk is one of the largest industrial centers in the Donbas, and comprises a quarter of the oblast's entire production. The city economy depends on OJSC "Alchevsk Iron & Steel Works" and "Alchevsk Coke-Chemical Plant" companies.

The city was known as Voroshilovsk () from 1931 to 1961, and then Kommunarsk () until 1992.

Cities in Luhansk Oblast
Kommunarsk (, ) is the railway station in the city of Alchevsk (Ukraine).

Also Kommunarsk is one of old names of Alchevsk.

Buildings and structures in Ukraine
Transport in Ukraine
"Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" (), known in English as "Nay, Thou Art Not Dead, Ukraine", is the national anthem of Ukraine.

The anthem is played in a minor key.

History
Before "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" was the country's national anthem, this song was originally a 19th-century poem written by a poet named Paul Chubin. A Catholic priest named Michael Werbitzky liked his poem, so he composed a tune for it. The song was published for the first time in 1863, and in the following year, it was performed for the first time in the city of Ľviv. It was first recorded in 1916 during the First World War.
In the early 20th century, this song lifted the spirits of many Ukrainians, as they had longed for their territories be completely independent from the Russian Empire, Austria–Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. Because of this, "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" became the national anthem of the country, which was then first known as Carpatho-Ukraine, which then became the Ukrainian People's Republic, and then the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Afterwards, the Soviets invaded the territory of Ukraine. Not only that, the Soviets banned the Ukrainian national anthem. Instead, the Soviet-era anthem was adopted. After decades of oppression by the Soviet Union, "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" became the national anthem again, and remains so to this day.

Since 1992, the parliament Verchovna Rada readopted the national anthem after the fall of the USSR. The lyrics, which have been changed a bit, were adopted in 2003 by the Law on the Anthem of Ukraine.
Lyrics
The words of "Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna" reminds the Ukrainian people about the struggles they have endured for becoming independent. When the country became freshly independent from Russia in late 1991, the national anthem was sung when Leonid Kravčuk was becoming president. After some changes to the original words, the anthem was made official on 6 March 2003, and Article 20 of the Constitution of Ukraine made the tune for the national anthem officiall on 28 June 1996.

Official lyrics since 2003

Ukrainian official

English versions

Esperanto
A poetic version in Esperanto was translated by Viktor Jaskovec and Volodymyr Pacjurko in 1991.
Ne jam mortis Ukrajnio, nek liber’, nek gloro,
Kaj ankoraŭ al ni, fratoj, venos sortfavoro.
Kvazaǔ ros’ sub sun’ pereos malamikoj fiaj,
Tiam, fratoj, ni ekmastros Patrolandon nian.

𝄆 Niajn korojn ni oferu sur liberaltaron,
Pruvu, fratoj, ke ni estas la kozakidaro! 𝄇

Original version from 1863
Unofficial lyrics from 1992 to 2003
Between 1992 and 2003, the Ukrainian national anthem was only an instrumental anthem and did not contain official lyrics; although, lyrics had been proposed for it. This was done in a similar manner to "Marcha Real", the national anthem of Spain, which currently has no official lyrics.

Translations in other languages
There are many people living alongside Ukrainians who trace their roots to other parts of the globe. As a result, there are many versions of the Ukrainian national anthem in many different languages. It has been translated into Polish, Romanian, Hungarian, Crimean Tatar, Azerbaijani, and much more.

Slavic languages

Other Indo-European languages

Turkic languages

Other non-Indo-European languages
Other websites
Public anthem performances
Ukrainian protesters sing the national anthem during clashes, Kyiv, Feb 18, 2014 – YouTube (uploaded by "Володимир Нагорнюк")
United People - Гімн України (Live) | National Anthem of Ukraine – YouTube (uploaded by "UnitedPeopleGroup"
Performances by celebrities
Zlata Ognevich - Sings The Ukraine National Anthem 31/12/14 – YouTube (uploaded by "Zlata-UK")
Злата Огневич. Гимн Украины. Благотворительный концерт Ігри Нескорених от 30.04.2017 – YouTube (uploaded by "Телеканал СТБ")
Анастасія Багінська і Хмара – Гімн України. «Незалежність – це ти» – YouTube (uploaded by "Телеканал 1+1")
Ruslana singing the Ukrainian National Anthem before a fight of Wladimir Klitschko – YouTube (uploaded by "RuslanaTube")
Okean Elzy at the Lviv Arena: thousands sing national anthem at Ukrainian Independence Day concert – YouTube (uploaded by "UKRAINE TODAY")

References

National anthems
 
National symbols of Ukraine
Guitar Hero: Aerosmith is a rhythm game made by Neversoft with other help from Activision. It is part of the Guitar Hero franchise. The game was released in North America on June 29 2008, and two days earlier in Europe.

Some of the songs featured in the game include "Combination", "Kings and Queens", "Train Kept A Rollin" and "Mama Kin".

Other websites 
 Official Guitar Hero Community Website
 Official Guitar Hero: Aerosmith Site

References

2008 video games
Guitar Hero
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Aerosmith
Guitar Hero: On Tour is a music video game developed by Vicarious Visions and published by RedOctane and Activision. It's the first Guitar Hero game made for a handheld game system.  To play, players use Slot 2 (the bottom loading slot of the DS) to attach a device with red, green, blue, and yellow buttons on it.  The player uses those four keys to play the game.

Gameplay
The gameplay of Guitar Hero: On Tour is like the other Guitar Hero games where the player strums and hits the fret buttons when the notes appear on the screen.

Soundtrack
Guitar Hero: On Tour has two track lists. One's for North America, the UK, and Australia, and the other's for non-English speaking countries in Europe. Both have five songs that the other does not have. They both have 26 songs including one bonus track.

Reception
Guitar Hero: On Tour got mostly good reviews with 81% at Game Rankings and 76/100 at Meta Critic. It was praised for being a challenging and fun game. Some reviewers complained about hand cramps from playing.
On Tour was the second best-selling games of June 2008, having sold 422,000 copies. It's Activision's fastest-selling DS game.

References

Other websites 
 Official game site

2008 video games
Guitar Hero
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
GEO or Geo can mean any of these:
 GEO (magazine), a popular scientific magazine
 GEO 600, a detector for gravitational radiation
 Global Environment Outlook, an environmental assessment produced by the United Nations
 Geo (microformat), a microformat for marking up WSG84 geographical coordinates in (X)HTML

In shopping:
 Geo (automobile), a defunct brand of entry-level cars produced by General Motors

People:
 Geo. is sometimes an abbreviation of the name George.
 Geo, the composer for the J-pop group Sweetbox
 Geo (artist), the Korean manhwa artist.
 Geo Bogza, a Romanian poet and essayist.
 Geo Stelar is the main protagonist in Mega Man Star Force.

In science:
 Geography, the study of the Earth and its features
 Geology, the study of the Earth's structure
 Geothermal (geology), heat sources from within the Earth
 Geometry, the study of spatial relationships
Batuque can mean:
 Batuque (game), a game once played in Brazil
 Batuque (religion), an Afro-Brazilian sect of Candomblé
 Batuque (music), a type of music and associated dance form from Cape Verde
is a fictional character in Nintendo's Super Mario Bros. series of video games. In the game series, Toad is Princess Peach's attendant. He is also a friend of Mario and Luigi. Toad first appeared in Super Mario Bros, but didn't have a name. He became a playable character in Super Mario Bros. 2. He also appeared in Mario Kart, in Super Mario 64, Super Mario Galaxy and many other games. He also shares many similarities with the blue toad in New Super Mario Bros. Wii. On the television series based on the games, Toad gave Mario information and sometimes Power Stars. He was a recurring member in The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!. In that series, he would help his friends whenever they needed it. The character on the show was voiced by John Stocker. Toad looks like a small man with a mushroom-like hat. He also wears a vest and shoes.