Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, using samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenty-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing "Hallelujah".
 1979 – The last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta is no longer a military base.
 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City's Madison Square Garden.
 1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 en route to Puerto Vallarta catches fire and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166.
 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England.
 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing's world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as "Thunder Meets Lightning".
 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
1993 – Actor Brandon Lee is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow.
 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
 1995 – TAROM Flight 371 crashes in Balotesti, Romania, killing all 60 people on board.
 1995 – Popular Tex-Mex singer Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant Yolanda Saldivar in a Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist's fan club.
 1997 – At age 16, Martina Hingis becomes the youngest female tennis players to reach Number 1 in the world rankings.
 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
From 2001 
 2002 – Major flooding affects the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands.
 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
 2013 – The UK records it coldest Easter Sunday. Overall, it was the coldest March there since 1962.
 2014 – South Korea and North Korea exchange fire over their western maritime border.
 2014 – The United Nations International Court of Justice rules that Japan's Antarctic whaling program is not scientific but commercial.
 2014 – Manuel Valls replaces Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister of France.
 2016 – A flyover collapses in Kolkata, India, killing at least 20 people.
 2017 – Former South Korean President Park Geun-hye is arrested on corruption charges.
Up to 1800 
 250 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor (d. 306)
 1360 – Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal (d. 1415)
 1425 – Bianca Maria Visconti, Duchess of Milan (d. 1468)
 1499 – Pope Pius IV (d. 1565)
 1504 – Guru Angad Dev, 2nd Sikh Guru (d. 1552)
 1519 – King Henry II of France (d. 1559)
 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shogun (d. 1565)
 1576 – Louise Juliana of Nassau, Regent of Bohemia (d. 1644)
 1596 – René Descartes, French mathematician (d. 1650)
 1621 – Andrew Marvell, English poet (d. 1678)
 1635 – Patrick Gordon, Scottish general in the Russian army (d. 1699)
 1644 – Henry Winstanley, English painter and engineer (d. 1703)
 1651 – Karl II, Elector Palatine (d. 1685)
 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)
 1684 – Francesco Durante, Italian composer (d. 1755)
 1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (d. 1750)
 1718 – Mariana Victoria of Spain (d. 1781)
 1723 – King Frederick V of Denmark (d. 1766)
 1732 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
1747 – Johann Abraham Peter Schulz, German musician and composer (d. 1800)
 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French physicist (d. 1859)
 1788 – Jessadabodindra (Rama III), King of Siam (d. 1851)
 1794 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, American politician (d. 1852)
1801  1900 
 1808 – James Pinckney Henderson, 1st Governor of Texas (d. 1858)
 1809 – Edward FitzGerald, English poet (d. 1883)
 1809 – Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (d. 1852)
 1819 – Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, German statesman (d. 1901)
 1822 – Dmitry Grigorovich, Russian writer (d. 1900)
 1831 – Archibald Scott Couper, Scottish chemist (d. 1892)
 1847 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (d. 1878)
 1848 – Diederik Korteweg, Dutch mathematician (d. 1941)
 1848 – William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor, American-born British financier, writer and statesman (d. 1919)
 1851 – Francis Bell, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1936)
 1853 – Isaac Bayley Balfour, Scottish botanist (d. 1922)
 1870 – James M. Cox, Governor of Ohio (d. 1957)
 1871 – Arthur Griffith, Irish politician (d. 1922)
 1872 – Sergei Diaghilev, Russian ballet impresario, publicist, curator and art critic (d. 1929)
 1872 – Alexandra Kollontai, Russian Communist revolutionary (d. 1952)
1873 – William D. Denney, Governor of Delaware (d. 1953)
 1876 – Borisav Stankovic, Serbian writer (d. 1927)
 1878 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (d. 1946)
 1884 – Adriaan van Maanen, Dutch-American astronomer (d. 1946)
 1884 – Henri Queuille, Prime Minister of France (d. 1970)
 1890 – William Lawrence Bragg, Australian-British physicist (d. 1971)
 1890 – Ben Adams, American athlete (d. 1961)
 1893 – Clemens Krauss, Austrian conductor (d. 1954)
 1900 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974)
1901  1950 
 1904 – Sam Zimbalist, American film producer (d. 1958)
 1905 – Robert Stevenson, British director, screenwriter and producer (d. 1986)
 1906 – Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist (d. 1979)
 1913 – Etta Baker, American blues musician and singer (d. 2006)
 1914 – Octavio Paz, Mexican writer (d. 1998)
 1914 – Dagmar Lange (Maria Lang), Swedish writer (d. 1991)
 1915 – Shoichi Yokoi, Japanese sergeant (d. 1997)
 1916 – Lucille Bliss, American actress (d. 2012)
 1917 – Dorothy DeLay, American violin instructor (d. 2002)
 1920 – Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, English aristocrat (d. 2014)
 1922 – Richard Kiley, American actor (d. 1999)
 1922 – William Stanley Peart, British physician and clinical researcher (d. 2019)
 1925 – Andrea Bianchi, Italian movie director and writer
 1926 – John Fowles, English novelist (d. 2005)
 1927 – César Chávez, American labor activist (d. 1993)
 1927 – Vladimir Ilyushin, Russian pilot (d. 2010)
 1927 – Eduardo Martinez Somalo, Spanish cardinal
1928 – Gordie Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
 1929 – Liz Claiborne, Belgian-born fashion designer (d. 2007)
 1930 – Yehuda Nir, Polish-born psychiatrist (d. 2014)
 1930 – Jim Mutscheller, American football player (d. 2015)
 1932 – Nagisa Oshima, Japanese movie director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
 1934 – Richard Chamberlain, American actor
 1934 – Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
 1934 – Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist
 1935 – Herb Alpert, American trumpeter and bandleader
 1937 – Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria
 1938 – David Steel, Scottish politician
 1938 – Sheila Dikshit, Indian politician
 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, President of the Republic of Georgia (d. 1993)
 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff, German movie director
 1939 – Karl-Heinz Schnellinger, German footballer
 1940 – Barney Frank, American politician
 1940 – Patrick Leahy, American politician
 1943 – Christopher Walken, American actor
 1943 – Sharon Hampson, Canadian singer and musician (Sharon, Lois & Bram)
1944 – Mick Ralphs, English guitarist
 1944 – Angus King, 72nd Governor of Maine
 1945 – Myfanwy Talog, Welsh actress (d. 1995)
 1945 – Valerie Curtin, American actress and screenwriter
 1946 – F'Murr, French comic artist (d. 2018)
 1947 – Kristian Blak, Danish musician and recording executive
 1947 – Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Israeli physicist (d. 2011)
 1947 – César Gaviria, 36th President of Colombia
 1948 – Al Gore, 45th Vice President of the United States
 1948 – David Eisenhower, American author and educator
 1948 – Natalia Dubova, Russian ice dancer and coach
 1948 – Rhea Perlman, American actress
 1948 – Gary Doer, Canadian politician, 20th Premier of Manitoba
1951  1975 
 1952 – Dermot Morgan, Irish comedian and actor (d. 1998)
 1953 – Dennis Kamakahi, American musician (d. 2014)
 1954 – Laima Vaikule, Latvian actress, singer, director and choreographer
 1955 – Angus Young, Scottish-Australian musician (AC/DC)
 1955 – Svetozar Marovic, only President of Serbia and Montenegro
 1957 – Alan Duncan, British politician
 1958 – Tony Cox, American actor
 1960 – Popa Chubby, American blues singer and guitarist
 1964 – Christian Allard, French-born Scottish politician
 1964 – Oleksandr Turchynov, former interim President of Ukraine
 1965 – Tom Barrasso, American ice hockey player
 1965 – Jean-Christophe Lafaille, French mountaineer (d. 2006)
 1966 – Roger Black, British athlete
 1969 – Francesco Moriero, Italian footballer
 1970 – Alenka Bratusek, 7th Prime Minister of Slovenia
 1971 – Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
 1971 – Pavel Bure, Russian ice hockey player
 1971 – Martin Atkinson, English footballer and referee
1971 – Craig McCracken, American animator, producer and screenwriter
 1972 – Alejandro Amenabar, Chilean-Spanish movie director, screenwriter and composer
 1972 – Evan Williams, American businessman
 1975 – Adam Green, American director, producer and screenwriter
From 1976 
 1978 – Daniel Mays, English actor
 1978 – Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish nobleman
 1979 – Danny Invincibile, Australian footballer
 1979 – Euan Burton, Scottish judoka
 1979 – Josh Kinney, American baseball player
 1980 – Maaya Sakamoto, Japanese voice actress and singer
 1980 – Michael Ryder, American ice hockey player
 1980 – Pa Dembo Touray, Gambian footballer
 1982 – Tal Ben Haim, Israeli footballer
 1983 – Hashim Amla, South African cricketer
 1983 – Silver Leppik, Estonian basketball player
 1984 – Alberto Junior Rodríguez, Peruvian footballer
 1984 – Eddie Johnson, American soccer player
 1986 – Andreas Dober, Austrian footballer
 1987 – Nordin Amrabat, Dutch-Moroccan footballer
 1987 – Georg Listing, German musician (Tokio Hotel)
 1987 – Humpy Koneru, Indian chess player
 1989 – Pablo Piatti, Argentine footballer
 1989 – Liu Zige, Chinese swimmer
 1990 – Bang Yong-guk, South Korean rapper, actor and dancer
1990 – Lyra McKee, Northern Irish journalist (d. 2019)
 1994 – Thomas Batuello, American musician and actor
 1998 – Anna Seidel, German speed skater
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 1074 – Yorimichi Fujiwara, Regent of Japan (b. 992)
 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France and England (b. 1121)
 1340 – Ivan I of Russia (b. 1288)
 1547 – Francis I of France (b. 1494)
 1567 – Philip I of Hesse (b. 1504)
 1621 – Philip III of Spain (b. 1578)
 1671 – Anne Hyde, Duchess of York (b. 1637)
 1703 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (b. 1642)
 1727 – Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist (b. 1643)
 1741 – Pieter Burmann the Elder, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1668)
 1797 – Olaudah Equiano, Nigerian-American slave and activist (b. around 1745)
 1837 – John Constable, English painter (b. 1776)
 1850 – John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)
 1855 – Charlotte Brontë, English writer (b. 1816)
 1877 – Antoine Auguste Cournot, French mathematician (b. 1801)
 1885 – Franz Wilhelm Abt, German composer (b. 1819)
1901  2000 
 1913 – J. P. Morgan, American financier (b. 1837)
 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (b. 1882)
 1917 – Emil von Behring, German doctor, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1901) (b. 1854)
 1920 – Lothar von Trotha, German general (b. 1848)
 1929 – Myron T. Herrick, American politician, Governor of Ohio (b. 1854)
 1931 – Knute Rockne, American football coach (b. 1888)
 1944 – Mineichi Koga, Japanese general (b. 1885)
 1945 – Anne Frank, German-born diarist (b. 1929)
 1945 – Hans Fischer, German chemist (b. 1881)
 1946 – Martin Davey, Governor of Ohio (b. 1884)
 1949 – Friedrich Bergius, German chemist (b. 1856)
 1956 – Ralph DePalma, Italian racing driver (b. 1884)
 1968 – Gary Lowdermilk, American baseball player (b. 1885)
 1972 – Meena Kumari, Indian actress (b. 1932)
 1972 – Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Catalan bishop of Urgell, co-Prince of Andorra (b. 1889)
 1975 – Percy Alliss, English golfer (b. 1897)
 1976 – Paul Strand, American photographer and movie maker (b. 1890)
1978 – Charles Herbert Best, American-Canadian medical scientist (b. 1899)
 1980 – Jesse Owens, American athlete (b. 1913)
 1986 – O'Kelly Isley, Jr., American singer (The Isley Brothers) (b. 1937)
 1986 – Jerry Paris, American actor and director (b. 1925)
 1988 – William McMahon, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908)
 1993 – Brandon Lee, American actor (b. 1965)
 1995 – Selena, Mexican-American singer-songwriter (b. 1971)
 1997 – Friedrich Hund, German physicist (b. 1896)
 1998 – Bella Abzug, American politician (b. 1920)
From 2001 
 2001 – Clifford Shull, American physicist (b. 1915)
 2005 – Terri Schiavo, American patient in right-to-die case (b. 1963)
 2007 – Paul Watzlawick, American psychologist (b. 1921)
 2008 – Jules Dassin, American movie director (b. 1911)
 2009 – Jarl Alfredius, Swedish television journalist (b. 1943)
 2009 – Raul Alfonsin, President of Argentina (b. 1927)
 2012 – Dale R. Corson, American physicist (b. 1914)
 2013 – Charles Amarin Brand, French archbishop (b. 1920)
 2014 – Irene Fernandez, Malaysian activist (b. 1946)
 2014 – Frankie Knuckles, American DJ and record producer (b. 1955)
 2014 – Gonzalo Anes, Spanish economist, professor and historian (b. 1931)
 2014 – Charles Keating, American banker (b. 1923)
 2014 – David Hannay, Australian movie producer (b. 1939)
 2014 – Ferdinand Masset, Swiss politician (b. 1920)
 2014 – Roger Somville, Belgian painter (b. 1923)
 2016 – Georges Cottier, Swiss cardinal (b. 1922)
 2016 – Ronnie Corbett, Scottish actor and comedian (b. 1930)
2016 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer (b. 1929)
 2016 – Zaha Hadid, Iraqi-British architect (b. 1950)
 2016 – Douglas Wilmer, English actor (b. 1920)
 2016 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician and diplomat (b. 1927)
 2016 – Denise Robertson, English broadcaster (b. 1932)
 2017 – Halit Akçatepe, Turkish actor (b. 1938)
 2017 – Gilbert Baker, American LGBT activist, creator of the Rainbow flag (b. 1951)
 2017 – William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr., American lawyer, judge and politician (b. 1920)
 2017 – Mike Hall, British endurance cyclist (b. 1981)
 2017 – James Rosenquist, American artist (b. 1933)
 2017 – Radley Metzger, American pornographic filmmaker (b. 1929)
 2017 – Richard Nelson Bolles, American writer (b. 1927)
 2017 – Jerrier A. Haddad, American computer engineer (b. 1922)
 2017 – Amy Ridenour, American political activist (b. 1959)
 2018 – Margarita Carrera, Guatemalan philosopher (b. 1929)
 2018 – Luigi De Filippo, Italian actor (b. 1930)
2018 – Peg Lautenschlager, American attorney and politician (b. 1955)
 2018 – Michael Tree, American violist (b. 1934)
 2019 – Peter Coleman, Australian writer and politician (b. 1928)
 2019 – Hedi Turki, Tunisian painter (b. 1922)
 2019 – Nipsey Hussle, American rapper (b. 1985)
 2020 – Vincent Marzello, American voice actor (b. 1951)
Observances 
 Cesar Chavez Day (United States)
 Freedom Day (Malta)
 King Nangklao Memorial Day (Thailand)
 Transfer Day (United States Virgin Islands
 International Transgender Day of Visibility

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 61 BC  Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph, for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
 48 BC  Ptolemy XIII of Egypt had Pompey murdered and his head cut off on his 58th birthday. Pompey's head and ring are kept for Julius Caesar (some sources give September 28).
 AD 855  Pope Benedict III becomes Pope.
 1015  St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim, present-day Lower Saxony, Germany, is consecrated; It is now on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
 1227  Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for not taking part in the Crusades.
 1364  Battle of Auray – English forces defeat French at Brittany; end of the Breton War of Succession
 1567  At a dinner, the Duke of Alva arrests the Count of Egmont and the Count of Horne for treason.
 1717  An earthquake strikes Antigua, Guatemala, destroying much of the city.
 1760  The French surrender at Fort Detroit to the British.
1774  Publication of the Sorrows of Young Werther makes Johann Wolfgang von Goethe famous.
 1789  United States War Department first establishes regular army with strength of several hundred men.
 1789  First United States Congress adjourns.
 1829  London's reorganized police force goes on duty, and later becomes known as Scotland Yard. The Metropolitan Police force is founded.
 1850  A Roman Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England, Wales by Pope Pius IX.
 1864  American Civil War: Battle of Chaffin's Farm is fought.
 1885  The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England, United Kingdom.
1901  2000 
 1902  Impresario David Belasco's first Broadway theater opens.
 1907  The cornerstone is laid at Washington National Cathedral.
 1911  Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
 1913  Mexican Revolution: The Battle of Torreon is fought.
 1918  Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces during World War I.
 1923  The British mandate for Palestine takes effect.
 1932  Chaco War: Last Day of the Battle of Boquerón.
 1934  The Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City is opened.
 1938  Britain and France, Nazi Germany and Italy sign the Munich Agreement allowing Germany to occupy the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
 1939  World War II: Poland is divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
 1941  Holocaust: The Babi Yar massacre begins.
 1943  World War II: United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice aboard the British ship Nelson off the shore of Malta.
 1944  World War II: Soviet forces invade Yugoslavia.
1949  The Communist Party of China writes the Common Programme for the future People's Republic of China, which is declared by Mao Zedong two days later, on October 1.
 1954  Convention establishing CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.
 1960  Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev disrupts the UN General Assembly meeting with a series of angry outbursts.
 1961  The New York Times publishes music critic Robert Sheldon's review of a performance from little known singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, which will lead to Dylan's discovery by Columbia Records representative John Hammond
 1962  Alouette 1, the first Canadian satellite is launched.
 1963  The University of East Anglia is founded in Norwich, England, United Kingdom.
 1964  Mafalda, a comic strip by the Argentine cartoonist Quino, first appears in newspapers.
 1966  The Chevrolet Camaro, originally named "Panther", is introduced.
 1971  Oman joins the Arab League.
1972  Sino-Japanese relations: Japan establishes diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China.
 1977  Muhammad Ali defends his heavyweight boxing world title against Earnie Shavers.
 1988  NASA resumes space shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster.
 1990  Washington National Cathedral is completed.
 1991  A military coup occurs in Haiti.
 1992  Fernando Collor de Mello, President of Brazil, resigns.
 1995  PlayStation goes on sale in Europe.
 1996  Super Mario 64, a well-known Nintendo 64 video game, is released in the US.
From 2001 
 2002  The 14th Asian Games begin in Busan, South Korea.
 2004  The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth.
 2006  A plane collision in Brazil kills 154 people on board a Boeing 737. The cargo plane manages an emergency landing.
 2007  Calder Hall power station at Sellafield, Cumbria, England, is demolished.
 2008  The Dow Jones Industrial Average index falls by 777.68 points in a single day.
 2009  A magnitude 8.1 earthquake causes a tsunami near Samoa and American Samoa, killing at least 189 people, including 9 in Tonga.
 2013  At least 42 people are killed by members of Boko Haram in Gujba, Nigeria.
 2014  Ashraf Ghani is sworn in as President of Afghanistan.
 2019 - Big fights following the Afghani elections

Births
Up to 1800 
 106 BC  Pompey the Great, Roman politician and general (died 48 BC)
 1240  Margaret of England, Queen Consort of Scotland (died 1275)
 1276  King Christopher II of Denmark (died 1332)
 1328  Joan of Kent, mother of King Richard II of England (died 1385)
 1388  Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV of England (died 1421)
 1511  Michael Servetus, Spanish humanist, theologian, and scientist (died 1553)
 1518  Tintoretto, Italian painter (died 1594)
 1547  Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer (died 1616)
 1548  William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1621)
 1561  Adriaan van Roomen, Flemish mathematician (died 1615)
 1571  Caravaggio, Italian painter (died 1610)
 1636  Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1715)
 1678  Adrien-Maurice, 3rd Duke of Noailles, French soldier (died 1766)
 1691  Richard Challoner, English bishop (died 1781)
 1718  Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian statesman (died 1783)
 1725  Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, British politician (died 1774)
1735  James Keir, Scottish physician and chemist (died 1820)
 1758  Horatio Nelson, British admiral (died 1805)
 1766  Charlotte, Princess Royal (died 1828)
 1786  Guadalupe Victoria, 1st President of Mexico (died 1843)
1801  1900 
 1803  Jacques Charles Francois Sturm, French mathematician (died 1855)
 1810  Elizabeth Gaskell, English writer (died 1865)
 1810  Hugh Allan, Scottish-Canadian businessman (died 1882)
 1818  Nathaniel B. Baker, 24th Governor of New Hampshire (died 1876)
 1820  Henri, Count of Chambord, claimant to the French throne (died 1883)
 1843  Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (died 1882)
 1844  Miguel Angel Juarez Colman, President of Argentina (died 1909)
 1853  Princess Thyra of Denmark (died 1933)
 1863  Hugo Haase, German politician (died 1919)
 1864  Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer and philosopher (died 1936)
 1866  Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Ukrainian politician (died 1934)
 1866  J. E. Casely Hayford, Ghanaian politician, lawyer and writer (died 1930)
 1867  Walther Rathenau, German politician (died 1922)
 1880  Liberato Pinto, Portuguese general and politician (died 1949)
 1881  Ludwig von Mises, Austrian-American economist, sociologist and philosopher (died 1973)
1895  Roscoe Turner, American pilot (died 1970)
 1899  László Biró, Hungarian inventor (died 1985)
 1899  Billy Butlin, South African-British holiday entrepreneur (d. 1980)
 1900  Auguste van Pels, Dutch Holocaust victim (died 1945)
 1900  Michel Koliqi, Albanian cardinal (died 1997)
1901  1950 
 1901  Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1954)
 1901  Lanza del Vasto, Italian philosopher, poet and activist (died 1981)
 1902  Miguel Aleman Valdes, President of Mexico (died 1983)
 1903  Diana Vreeland, American fashion designer (died 1989)
 1904  Greer Garson, British actress (died 1996)
 1904  Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (died 1970)
 1907  Gene Autry, American country music singer and actor (died 1998)
 1908  Eddie Tolan, American athlete (died 1967)
 1910  Virginia Bruce, American actress and singer (died 1982)
 1911  Charles Court, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Western Australia (died 2007)
 1912  Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (died 2007)
 1913  Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (died 1996)
 1913  Stanley Kramer, American movie director (died 2001)
 1913  Trevor Howard, English actor (died 1988)
 1915  Brenda Marshall, American actress (died 1992)
 1916  Antonio Buero Vallejos, Spanish playwright (died 2000)
1919  Margot Hielscher, German singer and actress (died 2017)
 1919  Kira Zvorykina, Belarussian chess player (died 2014)
 1920  Peter D. Mitchell, English chemist (died 1992)
 1920  Vaclav Neumann, Czech conductor, violinist and violist (died 1995)
 1921  Franny Beecher, American guitarist (died 2014)
 1922  Esther Brand, South African athlete (died 2015)
 1922  Lizabeth Scott, American actress (died 2015)
 1923  Stan Berenstain, American writer and illustrator (died 2005)
 1924  Marina Berti, Italian actress (died 2002)
 1925  Steve Forrest, American actor (died 2013)
 1928  Gerhard Stoltenberg, German politician (died 2001)
 1928  Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury, English politician (died 2016)
 1930  Colin Dexter, English writer (died 2017)
 1931  Anita Ekberg, Swedish actress (died 2015)
 1931  James Watson Cronin, American nuclear physicist (died 2016)
 1931  Paul Oestreicher, German-English priest and theologian
 1932  Rainer Weiss, German-American physicist, 2017 Nobel laureate
1932  Mehmood, Indian actor (died 2004)
 1932  Robert Benton, American director
 1933  Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (died 1986)
 1935  Jerry Lee Lewis, American early rock and roll musician
 1935  Mylene Demongeot, French actress
 1935  Ingrid Noll, German writer
 1936  Silvio Berlusconi, former Prime Minister of Italy
 1937  Nina Wang, Chinese businesswoman (died 2007)
 1938  Wim Kok, Dutch politician, former Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 2018)
 1939  Rhodri Morgan, Welsh politician, former First Minister of Wales (died 2017)
 1939  Jim Baxter, Scottish footballer (died 2001)
 1939  Larry Linville, American actor (died 2000)
 1940  Nicola di Bari, Italian singer
 1940  Carlos Morales Troncoso, Vice President of the Dominican Republic (died 2014)
 1941  Fred West, British serial killer (died 1995)
 1942  Ian McShane, British actor
 1942  Jean-Luc Ponty, French jazz violinist
 1942  Bill Nelson, American politician
 1942  Madeline Kahn, American actress (died 1999)
1942  Felice Gimondi, Italian cyclist (died 2019)
 1943  Mohammad Khatami, former President of Iran
 1943  Wolfgang Overath, German footballer
 1943  Lech Walesa, former President of Poland
 1945  Nadezhda Chizhova, Russian athlete
 1946  Steve Dalachinsky, American poet (died 2019)
 1946  Patricia Hodge, English actress
 1947  S. H. Kapadia, Chief Justice of India (died 2016)
 1948  Theo Jörgensmann, German jazz clarinet player
 1948  Mike Pinera, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
1951  1975 
 1951  Maureen Caird, Australian athlete
 1951  Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile
 1951  Pier Luigi Bersani, Italian politician
 1951  Jutta Ditfurth, German author and activist
 1952  Gábor Csupo, Hungarian-born animator
 1952  Patrícia Gabancho, Argentine-Spanish writer (d. 2017)
 1952  Monika Zehrt, German athlete
 1954  Debbie Shapiro, American actress and singer
 1955  Ann Bancroft, American adventurer, polar explorer and writer
 1955  Gareth Davies, Welsh rugby player
 1955  Ken Weatherwax, American actor (died 2014)
 1956  Sebastian Coe, English athlete and politician
 1957  Chris Broad, English cricketer
 1957  Andrew Dice Clay, American comedian and actor
 1959  Raffaele Riefoli, Italian singer
 1961  Julia Gillard, Welsh-Australian politician, 27th Prime Minister of Australia
 1961  Stephanie Miller, American comedienne and radio host
 1961  Tom Sizemore, American actor
 1962  Janne Andersson, Swedish footballer and manager
 1966  Helsey Hawkins, American basketball player
1966  Bujar Nishani, former President of Albania
 1968  Luke Goss, English actor and singer
 1968  Matt Goss, English singer
 1969  Erika Eleniak, American actress and model
 1969  Ivica Vastic, Austrian footballer
 1970  Emily Lloyd, English actress
 1971  Mackenzie Crook, English actor and comedian
 1972  Robert Webb, English comedian, actor and screenwriter (Peep Show)
 1974  Alexis Cruz, American actor
 1975  Albert Celades, Spanish footballer
From 1976 
 1976  Andriy Shevchenko, Ukrainian footballer
 1977  Heath Bell, American baseball player
 1978  Aleš Fućak, Croatian comedian
 1979  Gaitana, Ukrainian singer
 1980  Patrick Agyemang, English footballer
 1980  Zachary Levi, American actor
 1980  Dallas Green, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1981  Shane Smeltz, New Zealand footballer
 1982  Amy Williams, British skeleton bobsledder
 1984  Per Mertesacker, German footballer
 1984  Rune Almenning Jarstein, Norwegian footballer
 1985  Dani Pedrosa, Spanish motorcycle racer
 1987  Josh Farro, American bassist (Paramore)
 1988  Kevin Durant, American basketball player
 1989  Yevhen Konoplyanka, Ukrainian footballer
 1990  Doug Brochu, American actor
 1990  Sara Björk Gunnarsdóttir, Icelandic footballer
 1990  Lena Wermelt, German footballer
 1993  Carlos Salcedo, Mexican footballer
 1994  Halsey, American singer-songwriter
 1994  Andy Polo, Peruvian footballer
 1999  Juan Valentín Urdangarín, Spanish royal
Up to 1950 
 48 BC  Pompey the Great, Roman general (assassinated) (b. 106 BC)
 722  Leudwinus, Frankish bishop (b. 660)
 855  Lothair I, Emperor of the Romans (b. 795)
 1364  Charles de Blois, Duke of Brittany (b. 1319)
 1560  King Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1496)
 1637  Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint (b. 1600)
 1800  Michael Denis, Austrian poet (b. 1729)
 1804  Michael Hillegas, first Treasurer of the United States (b. 1728)
 1833  King Ferdinand VII of Spain (b. 1784)
 1862  William "Bull" Nelson, American military officer (b. 1824)
 1887  Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon (b. 1810)
 1900  Michael Denis, Austrian priest (b. 1729)
 1902  Émile Zola, French writer (b. 1840)
 1902  William Topaz McGonagall, Scottish poet (b. 1825)
 1908  Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian writer (b. 1839)
 1910  Winslow Homer, American painter (b. 1836)
 1913  Rudolf Diesel, German inventor and engineer (b. 1858)
 1925  Léon Bourgeois, French politician (b. 1851)
1927  Willem Einthoven, Dutch doctor, won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1860)
 1930  Ilya Repin, Ukrainian painter (b. 1844)
 1937  Ray Ewry, American athlete (b. 1873)
1951  2000 
 1952  John Cobb, British racing driver (b. 1899)
 1953  Ernst Reuter, German politician (b. 1889)
 1958  Aarre Merikanto, Finnish composer (b. 1893)
 1964  Fred Tootell, American athlete (b. 1902)
 1967  Carson McCullers, American writer (b. 1917)
 1970  Edward Everett Horton, actor (b. 1886)
 1973  W. H. Auden, English poet (b. 1907)
 1975  Casey Stengel, American baseball player and coach (b. 1890)
 1981  Bill Shankly, Scottish football manager (b. 1913)
 1982  Monty Stratton, American Major League Baseball pitcher (b. 1912)
 1987  Henry Ford II, American businessman (b. 1917)
 1988  Charles Addams, American cartoonist (b. 1912)
 1989  August Anheuser Busch, Jr., American brewer (b. 1899)
 1993  Gordon Douglas, American movie director (b. 1907)
 1994  Cheb Hasni, Algerian singer (b. 1968)
 1996  Leslie Crowther, English comedian, actor and game show host (b. 1933)
 1997  Roy Lichtenstein, American artist (b. 1923)
 1998  Tom Bradley, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (b. 1917)
From 2001 
 2001  Nguyen Van Thieu, President of South Vietnam (b. 1923)
 2004  Christer Pettersson, Swedish murder suspect (b. 1947)
 2006  Louis-Albert Vachon, French-Canadian cardinal and Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1912)
 2006  Walter Hadlee, 91, New Zealand cricketer, (b. 1915)
 2007  Lois Maxwell, Canadian actress (b. 1927)
 2009  Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1930)
 2010  Georges Charpak, Polish-born physicist (b. 1924)
 2010  Tony Curtis, American actor (b. 1925)
 2010  Greg Giraldo, American comedian (b. 1965)
 2011  Hella Haasse, Dutch writer (b. 1918)
 2012  Hebe Camargo, Brazilian actress, singer and television presenter (b. 1929)
 2012  Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, American publisher (b. 1926)
 2013  Carl Joachim Classen, German scholar (b. 1928)
 2014  Miguel Boyer, French-Spanish economist and politician (b. 1939)
 2014  Luis Nishizawa, Mexican painter (b. 1918)
 2014  George Shuba, American baseball player (b. 1924)
 2015  Phil Woods, American jazz musician, bandleader and composer (b. 1931)
2015  Hellmuth Karasek, German literary critic and journalist (b. 1934)
 2016  Miriam Defensor Santiago, Filipina politician (b. 1945)
 2017  Tom Alter, Indian actor (b. 1950)
 2017  Ludmila Belousova, Russian skater (b. 1935)
 2017  Magdalena Ribbing, Swedish etiquette expert, writer and journalist (b. 1940)
 2017  Dmitry Smolsky, Belarussian composer and teacher (b. 1937)
 2018  Alves Barbosa, Portuguese cyclist (b. 1931)
 2018  Otis Rush, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1935)
 2019  Beatriz Aguirre, Mexican actress (b. 1925)
 2019  Busbee, American songwriter (b. 1976)
 2019  Ilkka Laitinen, Finnish military officer and politician (b. 1962)
 2019  Yuriy Meshkov, Russian politician (b. 1945)
 2020  Mac Davis, American country singer (b. 1942)
 2020  Helen Reddy, Australian-American singer (b. 1941)
Observances 
 Christian Feast Day of Michaelmas and Feast day of the three Archangels, honouring St. Michael, St. Gabriel and St. Raphael
 Inventors' Day in Argentina
 International Coffee Day
 Victory of Boquerón Day (Paraguay)

Other websites 
 BBC: On This Day

Days of the year
Events 
January 3 – The March of Dimes is established by Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
January 11 – Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank.
January 20 – Wedding of King Farouk I of Egypt and Queen Farida Zulficar in Cairo
January 28 – The first ski tow in America begins operation in Vermont.
January 31 – Crown princess Beatrix is born in Netherlands
February 4 – Thornton Wilder's play Our Town opens (New York City).
February 10 – Carol II of Romania takes dictatorial powers
February 12 – World War II: German troops enter Austria
February 24 – A nylon bristle toothbrush becomes the first commercial product to be made with nylon yarn.
March 3 – Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.
March 12 – Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria; annexation declared the following day.
March 15 – Soviet Union announces officially that Nikholai Bukharin has been executed
March 18 – Mexico nationalizes all foreign-owned oil properties within its borders.
April 12 – Edouard Daladier becomes president of France
April 28 – The towns of Dana, Enfield, Greenwich, and Prescott in Massachusetts are disincorporated to make way for the Quabbin Reservoir.
May 5 – Vatican recognizes Franco's government in Spain
June 1 – Action Comics issues the first Superman comic.
June 11 – Fire destroys 212 buildings in Ludes, Latvia
June 23 – The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
June 23 – Marineland opens near St. Augustine, Florida.
June 25 – Dr Douglas Hyde is elected the first President of Ireland.
June 28 – A 450-tonne meteorite struck the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania
November 9-10: Kristallnacht happens in Nazi Germany.  The Nazis deport about 30,000 Jews to concentration camps, and destroy over 1,500 synagogues.
Births

January 

 January 1 - Frank Langella, American actor
 January 5 - Juan Carlos I of Spain
 January 31 - Beatrix of the Netherlands

February 
 February 21 - Lester Bird, former Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (d. 2021)

March

April 
 April 26 – Duane Eddy, American guitarist

May 
 May 22 - Richard Benjamin, American actor and director
 May 31 - John Prescott, British politician

June

July 

 July 13 - David Mitton, English model-maker (d. 2008)
 July 20 – Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981)
 August 21 – Kenny Rogers, American singer (d. 2020)

August 
 August 29 – Elliott Gould, American actor

September

October 
 October 23 – H. John Heinz III, American Senator (d. 1991)
 October 29 - Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, President of Liberia

November 
 November 17 – Gordon Lightfoot, Canadian singer
 November 19 - Hank Medress, American singer (The Tokens) (d. 2007)

December 
 December 29 - Jon Voight, American actor
Deaths 
 January 20 – Émile Cohl, French caricaturist and animator (b. 1857)
 January 21 – Georges Méliès, French movie director (b. 1861)
 January 28 – Bernd Rosemeyer, German racing driver (b. 1909)
 February 2 – Frederick William Vanderbilt, American railway magnate (b. 1856)
 February 7 – Harvey Firestone, American manufacturer (b. 1868)
 February 18 – David King Udall, American politician (b. 1851)
 February 19 – Edmund Landau, German mathematician (b. 1877)
 March 1 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. 1863)
 March 2 – Ben Harney, American composer and pianist (b. 1871)
 March 13 – Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Soviet politician (b. 1888)
 March 13 – Clarence Darrow, American attorney (b. 1857)
 March 21 - Oscar Apfel, American actor, director, screenwriter, producer (b. 1878)
 April 8 – Joe "King" Oliver, American musician (b. 1885)
 April 12 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (b. 1873)
 April 16 – Steve Bloomer, English footballer (b. 1874)
April 21 – Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistani philosopher and poet (b. 1877)
 April 26 – Edmund Husserl, Austrian philosopher (b. 1859)
May 4 – Carl von Ossietzky, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1889)
 May 9 – Thomas B. Thrige, Danish industrialist (b. 1866)
 May 13 – Charles Edouard Guillaume, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861)
 May 26 – John Jacob Abel, American pharmacologist (b. 1857)
 August 1 – Edmund Charles Tarbell, American artist (b. 1862)
   18 July  -   Marie of Romania Queen of Romania wife  of King Ferdinand I of Romania 
 August 7 – Konstantin Stanislavski, Russian actor (b. 1863)
August 14 – Hugh Trumble, Australian Test Cricketer (b. 1876)
 August 16 – Robert Johnson, American musician (b. 1911)
 September 17 – Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet (b. 1901)
 October 22 – May Irwin, Canadian actress and singer (b. 1862)
 October 24 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor and poet (b. 1870)
 October 27 – Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic (b. 1881)
October 31 - Robert Woolsey, American actor and Comedian in a Double Act with Bert Wheeler (b. 1888).
 November 9 – Vasily Blyukher, Soviet military commander (b.1889)
 November 10 – Kemal Atatürk, President of Turkey (b. 1881)
 November 30 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist, leader of the Iron Guard (executed along other Guard activists) (b. 1899)
December 11 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1869)
 December 25 – Karel Čapek, Czech writer (b. 1890)
 December 28 – Florence Lawrence, Canadian actress (b. 1886)
Nobel Prize
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Belgian doctor, Corneille Heymans
Events 
 William Booth creates the Salvation Army.
 The American Civil War ends.

Births 
 October 22 – Paul Raud, Estonian painter (d. 1930)
 December 8 – Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (d. 1957)
 December 30 – Rudyard Kipling, English writer and poet (d. 1936)

Deaths 
 April 15 – United States President Abraham Lincoln.
 April 26 – John Wilkes Booth, the man who killed United States President Abraham Lincoln.
Sir Elton Hercules John  (birth name Reginald Kenneth Dwight, born 25 March 1947 in Pinner, Middlesex, England), better known simply as Elton John, is an English retired singer, songwriter, pianist, and composer. He started his music career immediately after leaving school. Elton John was the biggest music star in the 1970s.

Early life 
Reginald Kenneth Dwight was born in 55 Pinner Hill Road, Pinner, Middlesex. He was eldest child Stanley Dwight and Sheila Eileen. He was educated in Pinner.
Career
John became famous in the early 1970s when he and lyricist Bernie Taupin wrote several songs which he performed and recorded. John became a huge star, not only for his musical abilities, but for his flamboyant stage personality. He composed several musicals. He also composed the music for the animated movies The Lion King (1994) and The Road to El Dorado (2000). He is active in charity work. In 1997, in honor of Diana, Princess of Wales, John co-wrote and released a version of his hit Candle in the Wind. That became the world's best-selling single of all time. It sold 37 million copies within two months.

Outside of music, John has raised millions of pounds for people living with HIV and AIDS through the Elton John AIDS Foundation.

Awards

John has received the following awards.

Academy Awards
 1995: Best Original Song for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" from The Lion King
 2020: Best Original Song for “(I’m Gonna) Love Me Again” from Rocketman
Grammy Awards
 1987: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "That's What Friends Are For", performed by Dionne Warwick & Friends (award shared with Dionne Warwick, Gladys Knight & Stevie Wonder)
 1991: Best Instrumental Composition for "Basque", performed by James Galway
 1995: Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" 
 1997: Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Candle in the Wind 1997"
 1999: Grammy Legend Award
 2001: Best Musical Show Album for Elton John & Tim Rice's Aida (award shared with Guy Babylon, Paul Bogaev & Chris Montan (producers), Tim Rice (lyricist) and the original Broadway cast with Heather Headley, Adam Pascal, and Sherie Rene Scott)

Tony Awards
 2000: Best Original Musical Score for Aida
Personal life
John has had treatment for alcoholism, drug abuse and bulimia nervosa. In 1984, he was married to Renate Blauel.
In 2005, John entered a civil partnership with David Furnish. They had been together for over 16 years.  On 21 December 2014, John and Furnish married. Guests at their wedding included English former footballer David Beckham along with his wife Victoria Beckham and their younger sons and their daughter. Their eldest son, who is also John's godson, was not present.

Discography
Studio albums

References 

1947 births
Brit Award winners
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Grammy Award winners
Living people
English LGBT people
English pianists
English rock musicians
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Gay men
LGBT musicians
Musicians from London
Musicians from Middlesex
Singers from London
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Companions of Honour
The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The main lineup from 1964 to 1978 was guitarist Pete Townshend, vocalist Roger Daltrey, bassist John Entwistle and drummer Keith Moon. They became known for their high energy live shows. The Who have sold about 100 million records. Many people think that The Who are the greatest live band of all time.

The Who rose to fame in the United Kingdom with a series of top ten hit singles including: "I Can't Explain", "The Kids Are Alright", "My Generation", "Who Are You", and "Love Reign O'er Me". The albums "My Generation", "A Quick One" and "The Who Sell Out" followed. Their fame grew with memorable shows at the Monterey Pop and Woodstock music festivals. "Tommy," released in 1969, was the first in a series of top ten albums in the United States.
Keith Moon died in 1978. The band released two more studio albums with drummer Kenney Jones before disbanding in 1983. They re-formed at events such as Live Aid and for reunion tours such as their 25th anniversary tour and the Quadrophenia tours of 1996 and 1997. In 2002 planning for recording an album of new material was put on hold after John Entwistle's death at the age of 57. Townshend and Daltrey continued to perform as The Who and in 2006 they released the studio album titled "Endless Wire."

The Who were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.

Discography
Studio albums
 My Generation (1965)
 A Quick One (1966)
 The Who Sell Out (1967)
 Tommy (1969)
 Who's Next (1971)
 Quadrophenia (1973)
 The Who by Numbers (1975)
 Who Are You (1978)
 Face Dances (1981)
 It's Hard (1982)
 Endless Wire (2006)
 TBA (2015)

Other websites
Hear the Who on the Pop Chronicles.
1964 establishments in the United Kingdom
1960s British music groups
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English rock bands
Musical groups established in 1964
Musical groups from London
Warner Bros. Records artists
Led Zeppelin was an English rock band. The group was started in 1968 and broke up in 1980. The members were Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (lead guitar), John Paul Jones (bass), and John Bonham (drums). Led Zeppelin ended in 1980 after the accidental death of John Bonham. After Bonham's death, the band believed that nobody could take his place and decided not to continue. The band played together again in a tribute concert in London on 10 December 2007 with Jason Bonham, John's son, playing the drums. The band is one of the most influential rock bands of all time and one of the most successful music artists in history, selling 300 million albums around the world.

Discography
Studio albums
Led Zeppelin (1969)
Led Zeppelin II (1969)
Led Zeppelin III (1970)
Led Zeppelin IV (1971)
Houses of the Holy (1973)
Physical Graffiti (1975)
Presence (1976)
In Through the Out Door (1979)
Mothership (2007)

Filmography
The Song Remains the Same (1976)
Led Zeppelin (DVD) (2003)
Mothership (DVD) (2007)

Other websites
Other websites 

 Led Zeppelin: Official Site
 Led Zeppelin at MySpace
 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame bio
 Rolling Stone Magazine bio 
 BBC interview with Robert Plant about the Led Zeppelin reunion
 1971 interview with Led Zeppelin
 Heart-Led Zeppelin Stairway to heaven-kennedy center honors

1968 establishments in England
Musical groups disestablished in 1980
1960s British music groups
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
English hard rock bands
English heavy metal bands
Kennedy Center honorees
 
Musical groups established in 1968
Musical groups from London
1980s disestablishments in England
1980 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Closed source (or proprietary software) means computer programs whose source code is not published.  The source code is not shared with the public for anyone to look at or change.  Closed source is the opposite of open source. 

Most companies who sell their software for money make it closed source so people cannot easily change it or copy it for free.

Even some who give their software for free do not show the source code, because they think it looks bad, or that somebody will change the authors' names to their own (a kind of plagiarism) without making the program better. Some programs called “freeware” are given away for free, but they are not the same as free software that anyone can do whatever they want with.

Software
A USB flash drive (USB stands for Universal Serial Bus) is a popular way to store digital information. Flash drives are an easy way to share data (information). A USB flash drive can be attached to a USB port, and provides a certain amount of storage space, which can be used to store data. USB flash drives are used with devices found in homes, workplaces and schools. Below are some examples of these devices:
 Computers
 Digital versatile disc (called DVD) players
 Video game consoles
 Music players
 Digital picture frames

They are called "flash drive" because they use flash memory to store files. Flash memory is a type of computer chip. The first flash drives had 8 megabytes of storage. Each year, larger flash drives will become available. In April 2012, 256 gigabyte flash drives were introduced to the market.

Other common names for a flash drive include jumpdrive, pendrive, thumbdrive or simply USB.
USB flash drives have some advantages over other portable storage devices. They are physically much smaller and more rugged than floppy disks. They can read data faster, and store more data than floppy disks. Floppy disks have become obsolete when the price of USBs has become cheaper.

Uses 
Flash drives are used to store any type of data file, or to move data from one computer to another. USB flash drives have a lot of storage space. It is often easier to use a flash drive than to carry many CD-ROMs. Some computer programs can be run from a USB flash drive. These special versions of programs are called "portable" versions.

Computer administrators, or people who manage the computer systems, sometimes use flash drives. Sometimes flash drives are also used to run a computer virus scanner. They are often used to repair a computer system that was damaged or faulty.

Police in the cyber division can use flash drives to take evidence.

Booting operating systems