Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Çankırı is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia. In 2010, 85,073 people lived there.

Cities in Turkey
Bingöl is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2007, 86,511 people lived there.

Cities in Turkey
Eastern Anatolia Region
Yashwant Vithoba Chittal (3 August 1928 – 23 March 2014) was a leading Indian fiction writer. His work was mostly in Kannada language. He won four Sahitya Akademi Awards, one Dr. Masti Award, and one Adikavi Pampa Award. He was born in Bankikodla-Hanehalli, Uttara Kannada.

Chittal died after a brief illness on 23 March 2014 at a private hospital in Mumbai. He was 85 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two sons.

References

Other websites
 Yashwant Vithoba Chittal at the Library of Congress website

1928 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian writers
Indian poets
Patrice "Pat" Wymore (December 17, 1926 – March 22, 2014) was an American actress and singer. She was best known as a movie, television, and stage actress during the 1950s and 1960s. She was born in Miltonvale, Kansas. She was married to Australian actor, Errol Flynn, from 1950 until his death in 1959.

Wymore died from lung disease on March 22, 2014 in Portland, Jamaica. She was 87 years old.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Kansas
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from lung disease
Singers from Kansas
The Palace of the Parliament - also known as the Republic's House (Casa Republicii) or People's House (Casa Poporului) is a large building in Bucharest, Romania. It was built by the then-dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu in the 1980s. Today the Romanian Parliament meets in the building. Many Parliament members have offices inside. The building faces an avenue built to look like the Champs-Élysées in Paris.

Bucharest
Buildings and structures in Romania
Mark Kozelek (born January 24, 1967) is an American singer.

Career
In 1989 he started the rock band Red House Painters. In 1992 the band were signed to 4AD. In 2000 Kozelek released his first solo EP Rock 'n' Roll Singer. Pitchfork gave it a score of 6.1 out of 10. In 2001 Red House Painters broke up. In 2002 Kozelek started Sun Kil Moon.

References

1967 births
American singer-songwriters
Living people
A pay driver is a professional race car driver who is hired because of the driver's wealth rather than his or her talent. Pay drivers are often the heirs to large corporations and buy their way onto top teams. Hiro Matushita, the son of the founder of the Panasonic Corporation, was a famous example of this in the 1990s. Today, Paul Menard is a pay driver in NASCAR.

Racecar drivers
Eleftherios Venizelos (full name Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos, ; 23 August 1864 – 18 March 1936) was a Greek politician. He served as Prime Minister of Greece serving from 1910 to 1920 and again from 1928 to 1932.

References

Other websites

1864 births
1936 deaths
Eastern Orthodox Christians
Government ministers of Greece
Greek journalists
Greek lawyers
Prime Ministers of Greece
Translators
Forbes Carlile MBE (3 June 1921 – 2 August 2016) was an Australian athlete. He was Australia's first post-World War II Olympics swimming coach. He was later Australia's first competitor in the modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. 

He remains the only person to have coached and later competed at the Olympic Games.

References

1921 births
2016 deaths
1952 Summer Olympics
Australian Olympians
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
James Robert Rebhorn (September 1, 1948 – March 21, 2014) was an American character actor. He acted in more than one hundred television shows, movies, and plays. He was in the movies Scent of a Woman (1992) and Independence Day (1996) and played Frank Mathison in the television show Homeland. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to Anderson, Indiana during his childhood.

Rebhorn died of melanoma on March 21, 2014 in South Orange, New Jersey. He was 65 years old.

References

Other websites

 
 

1948 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Indiana
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from Philadelphia
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in New Jersey
Deaths from melanoma
Jaroslav Šerých (; 27 February 1928 – 23 March 2014) was a Czech artist. He mainly worked as a painter, printmaker, and illustrator. He was born in Německý Brod, Czechoslovakia (now Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic).

Šerých died on 23 March 2014 in Prague. He was 86 years old.

References

Other websites

 Jaroslav Šerých works at the ArtBohemia website

1928 births
2014 deaths
Czech artists
Czech painters
People from Prague
Kocaeli is a city in northwestern Turkey. The city is in the Marmara Region. In 2013, 1,676,202 people lived there. The city was badly damaged and many people died in the 1999 İzmit earthquake.

Cities in Turkey
Kocaeli Province
Balıkesir is a city in western Turkey. The city is in the Marmara Region. In 2013, 167,549 people lived there.

Cities in Turkey
Marmara Region
Aydın is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in Aydın Province in the Aegean Region. In 2013, 265,234 people lived there. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River (ancient Meander River) at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast. Its population was 207,554 in 2014.

Cities in Turkey
Aydın Province
Bartın is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in Bartın Province in  the Black Sea Region‎ . In 2013, 144,273 people lived there.

Cities in Turkey

Black Sea port cities and towns in Turkey
The Hill of Crosses () is a Lithuanian site of pilgrimage. It is about  north of Šiauliai, in northern Lithuania.

No one knows when or why people started leaving crosses on the hill. It is believed that the first crosses were put up after the 1831 Uprising. It was estimated that there were 55,000 crosses in 1990 and 100,000 in 2006.

On September 7, 1993, Pope John Paul II visited the site and declared it a place for hope, peace, love and sacrifice.

References

Other websites

Kryžių kalnas website 

Buildings and structures in Lithuania
Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. the connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Canadians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Most people who are considered "Canadian" are usually those who have Canadian Citizenship. 

Canada is a bilingual and multicultural society home to people of many different ethnic, religious and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants.

Background
Following the starting period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Indigenous, French, British, and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity.
Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States.

References

Other websites
Persons of National Historic Significance in Canada - Parks Canada
Multicultural Canada - Department of Canadian Heritage
The Canadian Immigrant Experience - Library and Archives Canada
The Dictionary of Canadian Biography – Library and Archives Canada
Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada – Library and Archives Canada
Council of European Canadians
National African Canadian Association
David Murray "Dave" Brockie (August 30, 1963 – March 23, 2014), better known by his stage name Oderus Urungus, was a Canadian and American musician. He was best known as the lead vocalist, bassist and guitarist for the American multi-genre band Gwar. He performed under such genres as thrash metal, punk rock, shock rock, heavy metal and comedy rock. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Brockie was found dead by a bandmate on March 23, 2014 in Richmond, Virginia, aged 50. The cause was an accidental heroin overdose. He was given a traditional Viking funeral in a public memorial before the 5th annual GWAR-B-Q event.

References

Other websites

 
 

1963 births
2014 deaths
American rock singers
American guitarists
Bassists
Canadian singers
Canadian musicians
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Musicians from Ontario
Heavy metal singers
People from Ottawa
Musicians from Richmond, Virginia
Rock guitarists
Hyman Philip Minsky (September 23, 1919 – October 24, 1996) was an American economist, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Minsky gave an explanation of financial crises, caused by swings in a potentially fragile financial system. Minsky is sometimes described as a post-Keynesian economist because, like Keynes, he supported some government intervention in financial markets. He opposed some of the financial deregulation policies popular in the 1980s. He supported the Federal Reserve as a "lender of last resort" (which means he thought it right for the Fed to bail out banks which might go bust). He argued against too much private debt in the financial markets.
Financial theory 
Minsky proposed theories were about the normal life cycle of an economy. He linked financial market fragility with speculative investment bubbles in financial markets. Minsky claimed that in prosperous times, when companies make plenty of money, an irrational euphoria develops. Soon debts exceed what borrowers can pay off from their income, which produces a financial crisis. As a result, banks and lenders tighten credit, even to companies that can afford loans. Then the economy contracts.

This slow movement of the financial system from stability to fragility, followed by crisis, is something for which Minsky is best known, and the phrase "Minsky moment" refers to it.
At the University of California, Berkeley seminars attended by Bank of America executives helped him to develop his theories. His views were published in two books, John Maynard Keynes (1975), a classic study of the economist and his contributions, and Stabilizing an Unstable Economy (1986), and more than a hundred professional articles.

References 

1919 births
1996 deaths
American economists
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Educators from Chicago
Scientists from Chicago
(March 19, 1922 – January 16, 2014) was an Imperial Japanese Army intelligence officer. He fought in World War II and did not surrender in 1945. After spending 29 years in the Philippines, his former commander traveled there and took him away from duty. His autobiography was, No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War, published in 1974. He was born in Kamekawa, Wakayama Prefecture, Empire of Japan.

Onoda died from heart failure due to complications from pneumonia on January 16, 2014 at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. He was 91 years old.

References

1922 births
2014 deaths
Japanese autobiographers
Japanese writers
Military personnel of World War II
Japanese military people
People from Wakayama Prefecture
Ronald Myles Dworkin, FBA (December 11, 1931 – February 14, 2013) was an American philosopher and scholar of constitutional law. He was Frank Henry Sommer Professor of Law and Philosophy at New York University and Emeritus Professor of Jurisprudence at University College London. He also taught at Yale Law School and the University of Oxford. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island.

Dworkin died from leukemia on February 14, 2013 in London, England. He was 81 years old. He was outlived by his second wife, two children and two grandchildren.

References

Other websites

 

1931 births
2013 deaths
New York University faculty
American philosophers
Writers from Providence, Rhode Island
Academics of the University of London
Yale University faculty
The Tupolev Tu-22M is a twin-turbojet Soviet bomber.

Bibliography 
 Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

References 

Tupolev aircraft
Soviet military aircraft
An exocrine gland puts out (excretes) its product by a duct. The duct goes to some environment outside the gland, either inside the body or onto the surface of the body. 

An endocrine gland is its counterpart. It secretes its essential product directly into the bloodstream or else by diffusion into its surrounding tissue. Its product often acts on cells near the release site.

Examples of exocrine organs and glands:
Gall bladder
Liver
Pancreas
Prostate
Mammary glands
Salivary glands
Sweat glands
Andrew Vicari (20 April 1938 – 3 October 2016) was a Welsh painter working in France. He painted portraits of the rich and famous. Despite being largely unknown in his own country, in 2004 Vicari was Britain's richest living painter. At one time he was the Britain 18th richest person in Britain.

Vicari was always a figurative artist working in oil. His work was appreciated especially in the Middle East where three museums are solely dedicated to his work.

In 1974 Vicari was appointed as the official painter to the King and Government of Saudi Arabia. In the years which followed he painted many portraits of the Saudi royal family, and scenes of Riyadh and Bedouin life. It is mainly due to this patronage that Vicari owes his financial success. In 2001 he sold a collection of 125 paintings of the First Gulf War to Prince Khaled for £17 million.

His fortune was valued at £92 million in 2006 by the Sunday Times Rich List.
Personal life
Vicari lived and worked at his studio outside Nice, France, but he also owned apartments in Riyadh and Monte Carlo.

In October 2014 it was reported Vicari had filed for bankruptcy and had been in poor health.

Vicari died at Morriston Hospital, Swansea on 3 October 2016.

References

Other websites
 I am the king of painters, The Guardian, November 16, 2001
 Official Website 

1938 births
2016 deaths
British painters
Welsh people
Alexander Ludwig (born May 7, 1992 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian actor, voice actor, singer and model.

He is known for his roles as Will Stanton in the 2007 fantasy movie, The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising, Seth in Disney's Race to Witch Mountain, and Cato, the male tribute from District Two, in The Hunger Games.

He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. His mother, Sharlene (née Martin), is a former actress, and his father, Harald Horst Ludwig, is a businessman and the Co-Chairman of the Board for Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. He won an MTV Movie Award in 2012 for Best Fight with Jennifer Lawrence and Josh Hutcherson. He also won a Teen Choice Awards for Best Villain.

Filmography
Filmography

Movies
Air Bud World Pup - Cameo (2000) (Uncredited)
MXP: Most Xtreme Primate - Child (2004) (Uncredited)
Scary Godmother: The Revenge of Jimmy - Jimmy (2005) (voice)
Eve and the Fire Horse - Kevin (2005) (Uncredited)
A Little Thing Called Murder - Young Kenny Kimes (2006)
The Sandlot: Heading Home - E.J. (2007) (Direct-to-DVD)
The Seeker - Will Stanton / Tom Stanton (2007)
National Treasure (2007) (Uncredited)
Race to Witch Mountain - Seth (2009)
The Hunger Games - Cato (2012)
Grown Ups 2 - Braden Higgins (2013)
Lone Survivor - US Navy SEAL Shane Patton (2013)
Final Girl (2014)
When the Game Stands Tall - Chris Ryan (2014)

Television
Vikings - Björn Ironside (2013)

References

Other websites

Official website 

1992 births
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian models
Canadian movie actors
Canadian singers
Canadian child actors
Living people
The music industry is made up of people and companies who make money by creating and selling music. Some of the people and companies included are:

 Musicians who compose and perform the music
 Companies and people who create and sell recorded music
 People who present live music performances
 People who help other musicians with their music careers
 Musicians who owned their own record label
 Companies that broadcast music (satellite, internet and broadcast radio)
Arthur Hiller, OC (22 November 1923 – 17 August 2016) was a Canadian television and movie director. He is known for directing the 1970 romantic drama movie Love Story. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards.

Hiller was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

References

Other websites
 

1923 births
2016 deaths
Canadian movie directors
Canadian television directors
Entertainers from Edmonton
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Canadian Jews
Canadian movie actors
Canadian movie producers
Golden Globe Award winners
People from Edmonton
Seyyad Abolhassan Banisadr ( ; ; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian  politician, economist and  human rights activist. He was the first President of Iran from 4 February 1980 after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and the abolition of the monarchy until his impeachment on 21 June 1981.

Banisadr died at the age of 88 at a Paris hospital on 9 October 2021.

Further reading
The fundamental principles and precepts of Islamic government, Mazda Publishers, 1981
 (with Jean-Charles Deniau) My Turn to Speak: Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals With the U.S., Potomac Books (April 1991) 
 Le Coran et le pouvoir: principes fondamentaux du Coran, Imago, 1993

References

Other websites

1933 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Iran
Iranian writers
Political writers
Economists
Iranian human rights activists
Mohammad-Ali Rajai () (15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the President of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr.

He was also minister of foreign affairs from 11 March 1981 to 15 August 1981, while he was prime minister. He was assassinated in a bombing on 30 August 1981 along with prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar.

Other websites

1933 births
1981 deaths
Assassinated Iranian people
Presidents of Iran
Prime Ministers of Iran
"Doll Parts" is an alternative rock song by the band Hole. Courtney Love wrote the song in 1991. It became a song on their second studio album, Live Through This, and was released in November 1994. "Doll Parts" hit #4 on Billboards Modern Rock Track chart.

Rock songs
1994 songs
Hole (band) songs
Bedtime Stories the sixth studio album by American singer Madonna. It was released on October 25, 1994. The album's music is very different to Madonna's previous albums as it is mainly new jack swing and R&B sounding compared to Madonna's usual pop and dance material. The songs on this album are mostly melancholy mixed with romantic themes.

The singles of the album were "Secret", "Take a Bow" and "Human Nature". The first song was released September 28, 1994. The last song was released June 6, 1995.

Madonna albums
1994 albums
Pop albums
New jack swing albums
R&B albums
William Donald "Don" Payne (May 5, 1964 – March 26, 2013) was an American writer and producer. He wrote several episodes of The Simpsons after 2000, many of these with John Frink. He met Frink at the University of California, Los Angeles. He also wrote the movies My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006), Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007), Thor (2011) and Thor: The Dark World (2013). He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina.

Payne died from bone cancer on March 26, 2013 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He was 48 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.

References

Other websites

 

1964 births
2013 deaths
American screenwriters
American television writers
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from bone cancer
Writers from North Carolina
People from Wilmington, North Carolina
Bucket-wheel excavators (BWEs) are huge machines used for surface mining.  

They are continuous digging machines in large-scale open cast mining operations. What sets BWEs apart from other large-scale mining equipment is their large wheel with a continuous pattern of buckets to scoop material as the wheel turns. 

They are among the largest vehicles ever constructed. The biggest bucket-wheel excavator ever built, Bagger 293, is the largest terrestrial (land) vehicle in human history.

BWEs built since the 1990s, such as the Bagger 293, have reached sizes as large as 96 metres (314.9 feet) tall, 225 metres (738.2 feet) long, and as heavy as 14,200 metric tons (31.3 million lb). The bucket-wheel itself can be over 70 feet in diameter with as many as 20 buckets, each of which can hold over 15 cubic metres of material. BWEs  are now capable of operating in extreme climates. Many BWEs have been designed to operate in climates with temperatures as low as -45°C (-49°F).

References 

Machines
Mining
Harry L. Lewis (April 1, 1920 – June 9, 2013) was an American actor and restaurateur. He was best known for his role in Key Largo. He was also the co-founder of the "Hamburger Hamlet" restaurant chain. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Lewis died from natural causes on June 9, 2013 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 93 years old. He was outlived by his wife, Marilyn Friedman.

References

Other websites
 

1920 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Restaurateurs
Unter uns is a German soap opera. It has been on television since 1994. It is on from Monday to Friday.

The series is about the people who live in the fictitious Schillerallee 10 in Cologne.

Characters

Main roles

Former main roles

1994 television series debuts
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
Cologne
German television series
Soap operas
is the current emperor of Japan. 

Naruhito is the eldest son of former emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko of Japan. He was originally known as His Imperial Highness The Prince Hiro but was later given the title of Crown Prince in 1991.

His father Emperor Akihito announced in December 2017 that he would abdicate on 30 April 2019. Naruhito became emperor on 1 May 2019 and the enthronement was held on 22 October 2019.

Early life and careers 
Naruhito was born on 23 February 1960 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital, Imperial Palace in Tokyo,   

He was crowned prince of Japan in 1991, He was first study in Gakushūin, He was graduated at Gakushuin University in 1982, He was studying in The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford in 1983 to 1985  

Naruhito and Masako have engagement in spring of 1993 , their married in 9 June 1993 at Imperial Shinto Hall in Tokyo,
Naruhito and Masako's only daughter Aiko, Princess Toshi was born in 1 December 2001 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace.

Titles and styles
 23 February 1960 – 23 February 1991: His Imperial Highness The Prince Hiro
 23 February 1991 – 30 April 2019: His Imperial Highness The Crown Prince of Japan
 1 May 2019 – present: His Majesty The Emperor

References

1960 births
Living people
Current national leaders
People from Tokyo
Emperors of Japan
Crown Princes and Princesses of Japan
Nanda (8 January 1939 – 25 March 2014) was an Indian actress. She appeared in Hindi and Marathi movies. Her best known roles were in Chhoti Bahen (1959), Teen Devian (1965) and Gumnaam (1965). She retired in 1995. She was born in Kolhapur, British India.

Nanda died from a heart attack on 25 March 2014 at her home in Mumbai, India. She was 75 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian movie actors
Indian child actors
The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement. It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system.
 The pyramidal motor system, (or pyramidal tract or corticospinal tract) starts in the motor center of the cerebral cortex and goes through the midbrain and medulla oblongata, then down the spinal cord. Peripheral motor nerves carry the motor impulses to the voluntary muscles.
 The extrapyramidal motor system consists of motor-modulation systems, particularly the basal ganglia and cerebellum. This tweaks the messages so that fine, accurate movement is possible. That function is called "modulation of movement".

Both systems are very ancient and may be common to all vertebrates.

References 

Nervous system
The Grumman A-6 Intruder is an attack aircraft built in the USA. It's a twin-turbojet aircraft, built in all-metal. It was used for the Vietnam War and the Gulf War by US Navy. Before September 1962, it was called Grumman A2F Intruder.

Grumman EA-6B Prowler is a specialized variant.

Bibliography 
 Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

References 

United States Navy aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
A-6
The Ford Trimotor is a family of civilian aircraft built in USA. It was used as airliner from 1926 to the beginning of the World War II. It has 3 motors. It was built in all-metal.

Similar aircraft 
 Junkers Ju 52

Ford
Civil aircraft
Somero is a city in Southwest Finland, Finland. Almost 10,000 people lived there in January 2014.

Other websites
 Homepage

Cities in Finland
Municipalities of Southwest Finland
A spandrel is the space between two arches. It is the space between an arch and a rectangular fence or the space between the right and left exterior curve of an arch and an enclosing right angle.

In structures with more than one floor, the term spandrel can also mean the space between the top of the window in one floor and the threshold of the window in the floor above.

Spandrels have different meanings in architecture and art history.

Bridges 
Arches commonly exist in bridge constructions, so spandrels may appear in such structures. Historically, most arch expansions had solid spandrels, meaning that the areas between arches were completely filled in with masonry. This was true until the use of steel and reinforced concrete began in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Domes 
Structures of domes can also contain spandrels. Where domes are needed to rest on a square or a rectangular base, the dome is raised above the level of the supporting pillars with three-dimensional spandrels called pendentives. These triangular segments take the weight of the dome and place it onto the poles.

Architectural elements
Rodney Adolphus Wilkes (11 March 1925 – 24 March 2014) was a weightlifter from Trinidad and Tobago. He was nicknamed "The Mighty Midget" for his great strength and height. He won a silver medal for weightlifting during the 1948 London. He then won the bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He competed in the 1956 Summer OLympics.

References

1925 births
2014 deaths
1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Trinidad and Tobago Olympians
Weightlifters
Paulo Schroeber (18 August 1973 – 24 March 2014) was a Brazilian metal guitarist. He was best known for his work with Almah. He was also a member of Astafix, Hammer 67, Burning in Hell and Fear Ritual by the time of his death. He was born in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul.

Schroeber died from heart failure following complications to reset an artificial pacemaker on March 24, 2014 in his hometown of Caxias do Sul. He was 40 years old.

References

Other websites
  

1973 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from surgical complications
Brazilian heavy metal guitarists
Bernard "Ben" Staartjes (9 December 1928 - 18 March 2014) was a Dutch sailor. He represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel, Germany. In 1980, Staartjes was Chef de Equipe of the Dutch Olympic Sailing Team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Tallinn. He was born in Amsterdam.

Staartjes was born in Amsterdam. He died in Kapellen, Belgium, aged 85.

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Amsterdam

Dutch sailors
Donna Mercy Nalini Edirisinghe (18 December 1945 – 17 March 2014), better known as Mercy Edirisinghe, was a popular Sri Lankan stage actress and singer. Her most famous play was a musical by Lushan Bulathsinhala, called Tharavo Igilethi (Ducks fly). He career has lasted for nearly 60 years. She was born in Ambepussa, Sri Lanka.

Edirisinghe died in Gampaha, Sri Lanka.

References

1945 births
2014 deaths
Singers
Sri Lankan stage actors
Sri Lankan comedians
7 Year Bitch was an American punk rock band from Seattle, Washington.

History
In 1990 the band was started by Selene Vigil, Stefanie Sargent, Elizabeth Davis and Valerie Agnew as Barbie's Dream Car. After releasing their first single they were signed with C/Z Records. In 1992 the band's first album Sick 'Em was released by C/Z Records. In 1994 ¡Viva Zapata! was released. In 1996 the band's last album Gato Negro was released by Atlantic Records.

References

Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
American punk bands
Brazilians are a ethnic group and nation native to Brazil. Many Brazilians are mixed race of Portuguese, African and indigenous ancestry. Minorities in Brazil include Afro-Brazilians (50.7 percent: 43.1 pardo or mixed ethnicity, and 7.6 per cent preta or black) and Asian Brazilians 1.1 per cent (including Japanese, Chinese and Korean). The Indigenous people live in every state of Brazil and represent 305 different tribes and 274 indigenous languages.

References

Ethnic groups in South America
Peter Oakley (20 August 1927 – 23 March 2014) was a British internet blogger. He was better known by his pseudonym geriatric1927 on the popular video sharing website YouTube.

Early life
Oakley was born in Norwich, Norfolk, England.

YouTube status 
By mid-2006, Oakley was the most subscribed user on YouTube. His rise to the #1 position took place in just over a week. Oakley had 30,000 subscribers as of 25 November 2006 and over 53,000 subscribers as of 24 May 2010. 

He ranks as the 52nd most subscribed all time in the United Kingdom, and is the 19th most subscribed "Director" of all time in the United Kingdom. 

As of June 2012, Oakley has over 350 videos on YouTube under his channel geriatric1927.

Death
Oakley was later diagnosed with cancer which was too far advanced for treatment and he was not expected to live. He posted his final video on February 12, 2014. He died in Bakewell, Derbyshire, England, aged 86.

References

Other websites
The Official Geriatric1927 Website 
Geriatric1927 on YouTube
1927 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
British YouTubers
People from Norwich
Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. (October 17, 1918 - March 25, 2014) was the founder and the owner of NFL's Buffalo Bills. The Ralph Wilson Stadium is named after him.

Wilson was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was raised in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Wilson studied at the University of Virginia and at the University of Michigan Law School.

He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League, the league that the NFL merged with in 1970, and was the last of the original AFL owners. At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the National Football League, at age 95. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 8, 2009.

Wilson died in Grosse Pointe, Michigan from natural causes, aged 95.

References

1918 births
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Businesspeople from Michigan
People from Grosse Pointe, Michigan
Businesspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Ramzan Kadyrov (, ; born 5 October 1976) is a Chechen politician. He became the Head of the Chechen Republic in February 2007. He is a former Chechen rebel.

References

Other websites

Official site of the Republic of Chechnya  

1976 births
Living people
People from Chechnya
Current national leaders
Heads of state
Muslims
Russian generals
Russian politicians
Russian sportspeople
Boxers
Lyndhurst, Hampshire is a village in New Forest, Hampshire, England. It is near Southampton. About 2,970 people live here.

Villages in Hampshire
Brandon Christopher McCartney (born August 17, 1989), known by his stage name Lil B, is an American rapper. Lil B is also known as The BasedGod.

Selected discography
 Rain in England (2010)
 Angels Exodus (2011)
 I'm Gay (I'm Happy) (2011)
 Choices and Flowers (2012)
 Hoop Life (2014)
 Black Ken (2017)

Other websites
 Twitter

References

1989 births
African-American rappers
Rappers from California
Musicians from Berkeley, California
American Internet celebrities
Living people
Count Hubert James Marcel Taffin de Givenchy (21 February 1927 – 10 March 2018) was a French fashion designer. He founded The House of Givenchy in 1952.

He was famous for having designed much of the personal and professional wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn, as well as clothing for clients such as Jacqueline Kennedy. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1970.

De Givenchy died in his sleep at the Renaissance chateau near Paris on 10 March 2018, aged 91.

References

1927 births
2018 deaths
French fashion designers
Albert Leonard "Al" Rosen (February 29, 1924  – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer" (he was of Jewish descent), was an American professional baseball player. He was a third baseman and right-handed slugger in the Major Leagues for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s.

Rosen played for the Cleveland Indians throughout his entire baseball career. He began playing for them in 1947. He retired in 1956.

Rosen was born on February 29, 1924 in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was raised in Miami, Florida. Rosen died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 90.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2015 deaths
Cleveland Indians players
Jewish American sportspeople
Sportspeople from Miami
Sportspeople from South Carolina
People from Spartanburg, South Carolina
Shammi Kapoor (born Shamsher Raj Kapoor; 21 October 1930 – 14 August 2011) was an Indian movie actor and director. He was a famous lead actor in Hindi cinema from the late 1950s until the early 1970s. He was known as "India's Elvis Presley". 

He received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1968 for his role in Brahmachari and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for Vidhaata in 1982.

Kapoor died from chronic kidney failure in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, aged 79.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Indian movie actors
Indian movie directors
Kulbhushan Kharbanda (born 21 October 1944) is an Indian actor. He worked in Hindi and Punjabi movie. He is better known for his role as Shakaal in Shaan (1980)  inspired by the character of Blofeld from James Bond movies. 

He also starred in Arth (1982), Ek Chadar Maili Si (1986). He also appeared in all Deepa Mehta's Elements trilogy, Fire (1996), Earth (1998), and Water (2005).

Kharbanda was born in Hasan Abdal, Punjab, British India (now Pakistan).

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
Punjabi people
Tanuja Mukherjee, popularly known as Tanuja, (born 23 Spetember 1943) is an Indian movie actress. She is the mother of Kajol and Tanisha. She is known for her roles in Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi (1966), Jewel Thief, Haathi Mere Saathi (1971), and Anubhav (1971).

Tanuja was born in Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India.

Other websites

 

1943 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
People from Bombay
Indian child actors
Marathi people
Waheeda Rehman (born 14 May 1936) is an Indian movie and stage actress. She mostly appeared in Hindi movies. She was known for her roles in Reshma Aur Shera, Guide, Neel Kamal, and in Khamoshi.

Rehman was born in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, British India.

References

Other websites

1936 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
People of British India
Helen Jairag Richardson (born 21 November 1938) is an Indian-Burmese movie and stage actress and a dancer. She mostly appears in Hindi movies. Her career began in 1951 with the movie Awara. 

Helen was born to a British father and to a Burmese mother in Burma. She was raised in Mumbai.

References

Other websites
 

1938 births
Living people
Actors from Mumbai
Indian dancers
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
Indian Christians
The meninges are the membranes that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord.  In mammals, the meninges have three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.

In the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater (called the "subarachnoid space"), there is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).  CSF is a special fluid which bathes the brain and spinal cord.  The meninges and the CSF work together to cushion and protect the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).

Layers of the meninges

Pia mater
The pia mater (or "pia") is the layer of the meninges that is closest to the brain and spinal cord.  It is a thin, delicate layer ("pia mater" means "tender mother" in Latin).  The pia mater sticks very closely to both the brain and spinal cord. The pia mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through.  This prevents cerebrospinal fluid from reaching the brain.
The smallest type of blood vessels, called capillaries, go through the pia mater and bring the brain the things it needs, like blood and oxygen. The pia's capillaries also make up an important part of the blood-brain barrier.  This is the brain's "security system."  It controls what can leave the bloodstream and get into the brain's nerve cells, and what cannot.

The pia's capillaries are lined with cells that are packed very closely together.  Only certain things can get through these cells and reach the brain.  This helps block things like bacteria and some poisons from getting into the brain.  It also lets in the things that the brain needs to survive, like glucose (sugar), water, and white blood cells (which fight infection).

Arachnoid mater
Arachnoid mater

The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges.  It is a thin, clear membrane that fits loosely over the pia mater.  This leaves a space in between these two layers called the "subarachnoid space."  ("Subarachnoid space" means "the space under the arachnoid.")  Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the subarachnoid space.

One of the arachnoid layer's most important jobs is to cushion the brain.  Like the pia mater, the arachnoid mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through.  Because fluid cannot get through either of these layers, the cerebrospinal fluid stays in the subarachnoid space and does not leak out.  Having this layer of fluid helps protect the brain, like a car's airbag.  Without this cushion, every time a person moved their head, their brain would hit the inside of the skull and would get hurt.
The arachnoid mater also has an important job in the blood-brain barrier.  Blood runs through the dura mater, the last layer of the meninges.  The arachnoid mater keeps blood from getting through into the cerebrospinal fluid.  This is important, because if blood gets through the arachnoid mater into the cerebrospinal fluid, the brain and spinal cord can get irritated and infected.  Like all parts of the body, the arachnoid mater needs blood and oxygen to survive.  Small blood vessels bring these things to the arachnoid layer.  However, the arachnoid layer prevents the blood from getting through to the cerebrospinal fluid.

The arachnoid mater is attached to the last layer of the meninges: the dura mater.

Dura mater

The dura mater (or "dura") is the layer of the meninges that is farthest from the brain and the spinal cord.  It is a thick, protective layer.  ("Dura mater" means "tough mother" in Latin.)  The dura protects the brain from being scraped and hurt by the skull, which is very rough.
The dura mater has the largest blood vessels of all three layers of the meninges.  The veins in the dura carry blood from the brain to the heart after the brain has used up the oxygen in the blood.  The arteries in the dura carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart.  These arteries split into the capillaries in the pia mater.

The dura also folds into the brain in four different places to separate parts of the brain, including the two cerebral hemispheres.

Mnemonic
Some medical professionals use a mnemonic acronym to remember the layers in the meninges and what order they go in.  The mnemonic is: "The meninges PAD the brain":
 Pia mater: closest to the brain and spinal cord
 Arachnoid mater: middle layer
 Dura mater: farthest from the brain and spinal cord

Problems with the meninges
Because the meninges do many important things for the central nervous system, problems with the meninges can be very dangerous.  The most common problems with the meninges are caused by infections or bleeding in the meninges.
Bleeding problems
When blood vessels in the meninges break or are injured, those blood vessels will cause bleeding in the meninges.  Bleeding in the meninges is a type of stroke called a hemorrhagic stroke.  ("Hemorrhagic" means "caused by dangerous bleeding (hemorrhage)").  Bleeding in the meninges is very dangerous, because if enough blood builds up, the blood can squeeze or crush the brain.
Infections
The blood-brain barrier in the meninges' blood vessels protects the brain from most pathogens (things that cause infection).  Because of this, infections in the brain are not very common.  This is important, because antibodies - which the body's immune system makes to fight off infections - cannot get past the blood-brain barrier into the brain.  Neither can most antibiotic medications.  This means that when a person does get a brain infection, the body usually cannot fight off the infection on its own, and most of the medications that doctors use to kill infections cannot get into the brain to kill the pathogens inside.

However, some viruses, bacteria, and other germs are able to get through the blood-brain barrier and cause infections.  Examples of these infections include:
 Meningitis
 The polio virus
 West Nile virus
 Lyme disease
 Syphilis
 African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness)

Related pages
 Blood-brain barrier
 Brain

References

Anatomy of the brain
Animal tissues
Salim Khan (born 24 November 1935) is an Indian actor and screenwriter. He starred mostly in Hindi movies. Khan is known for his role in Teesri Manzil (1966). He is married to veteran Indian actress Helen. He is the father of actor Salman Khan.

Khan was born in Indore, Central Provinces and Berar, India.

References

Other websites

 

1935 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian screenwriters
Salman Khan (pronunciation : ; born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on December 27, 1965) is an Indian actor, producer, television presenter, and philanthropist. Khan works in Hindi language films and television shows. 

Khan was sentenced to a five-year imprisonment on May 6, 2015 from starting T-Series, running over 5 people, and killing 1, with his car. On May 8, 2015, Khan was not granted bail.

Salman Khan was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. His parents are veteran his first wife Sushila Charak (later adopted the name Salma Khan) and Salim Khan.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 
 

1965 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
Indian screenwriters
Indian television presenters
Indian philanthropists
Sadhana Shivdasani (2 September 1941 – 25 December 2015), better known as Sadhana, was an Indian actress. She was known for her roles in  Woh Kaun Thi? (1964), Mera Saaya (1966) and Anita (1967). 

Shivdasani was born in Karachi, Sindh, British India (now Pakistan). She died in Mumbai from cancer at the age of 74.

References

Other websites

 

1941 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in India
Indian movie actors
Actors from Karachi
People of British India
Indian stage actors
Theresa Veronica Breuer (later Teresa Brewer; May 7, 1931 – October 17, 2007) was an American singer. She sang pop, country music and R&B. She was very popular in the 1950s.

Brewer's novelty songs included the hit song "Music! Music! Music!".

Brewer was born in Toledo, Ohio. She died in New Rochelle, New York at age 76.

Country musicians from Ohio
American pop musicians
Musicians from Toledo, Ohio
1931 births
2007 deaths
The Union of the Democratic Centre (, UCD, also translated as "Democratic Centre Union") was an electoral coalition, and later political party, in Spain. It existed from 1977 to 1983. It was led by Adolfo Suárez, Prime Minister of Spain.

Political parties in Spain
Adolfo Suárez
Teuvo Henri Matias Teräväinen (born September 11, 1994) is a Finnish ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Career
He was selected in the first round of the 2011 KHL Junior Draft by the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.

He made his SM-Liiga debut with Jokerit on October 18, 2011. He played 40 games and ended up winning the Jarmo Wasama memorial trophy as the best rookie in the league. He decided to enter the 2012 NHL Entry Draft and he was ranked as the second best skater out of Europe by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. He ended up being drafted 18th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks.

During his second season with Jokerit, he played 44 games and scored 31 points. He signed a three-year contract with the Blackhawks in the following August. After he signed the contract, he participated in the Blackhawks' training camp but he returned to Jokerit for the 2013-14 season.
When Ilari Filppula moved to the KHL, Teräväinen was put in as the first line centerman for Jokerit. He, however, started the season pretty slowly, and only scored two points in the first nine games. He was able to eventually pick up his game, and after a successful tournament at the World Junior Championships, he went on to a 13 game point streak, where he scored five goals and 18 assists. He ended the season with 44 points in 49 games.

When Jokerit was eliminated from the 2014 playoffs, it was announced that he would go to Chicago to join Blackhawks for the rest of the 2013–14 season. He made his NHL debut on March 25, 2014 in a 4-2 win against the Dallas Stars.

References

Other websites 

1994 births
Chicago Blackhawks players
Finnish ice hockey players
Living people
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Sportspeople from Helsinki
Donald Morris "Don" Crothers (January 28, 1937 – March 16, 2014) was an American academic. He also a professor of chemistry at Yale University. He was best known for his work on nucleic acid structure and function. He was born in Fatehgarh, British India (now India).

Crothers died from cancer on March 16, 2014 at the Smilow Cancer Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut. He was 77 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two daughters.

References

Other websites
 Donald Crothers  at the Yale Department of Chemistry

1937 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Yale University faculty
James Michael "Jim" Flaherty, PC, MP (December 30, 1949 – April 10, 2014) was a Canadian politician. He served as Canada's Federal Minister of Finance from February 6, 2006 until March 18, 2014. He also served as a former provincial Minister of Finance for Ontario from 2001 to 2002, a Member of Provincial Parliament for Whitby—Ajax from 1995 to 2005, and was a member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party caucus.

On May 21, 2013, he introduced his 2013 Budget. The Budget contained a new Building Canada Plan for the construction of public infrastructure such as roads, bridges, transit and port facilities. It was to provide $53 billion in investments to support local and economic infrastructure projects, which includes more than $47 billion in new funding over 10 years, beginning in 2014-2015.