Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Seiko Holdings Corporation, Better known as Seiko is a Japanese company that makes watches, clocks and electrical components. Seiko is one of the three main companies of the "Seiko Group" which are the Seiko Holdings Corporation (Seiko), Seiko Instruments Inc. (SII) and the Seiko Epson Corporation (Epson).

Technology companies of Japan
Gambit is a fictional character who appears in the X men series.  His mutant power is the ability to control, change and create kinetic energy (moving energy) which means he can make things move at his command.  Many scenes in X men Origins: Wolverine can demonstrate this.

X-Men characters
Coblentz is a small crater on the far side of the Moon, to the south of the much larger Bolyai crater. 

The crater has a circular edge, but it has been worn away by asteroid hits. This is most noticeable at the southern end where a gap exists in the rim. The interior floor has very few features except for several tiny craterlets.

A ridge arcs from the northwest rim of Coblentz to join the southern rim of Bolyai. There are several patches of dark (low albedo) material just to the south and southwest of Coblentz.

References
 
 
 

Surface features of the Moon
Impact craters
"Mad" Max Rockatansky is a fictional character appearing in the Mad Max movies. He is played by Mel Gibson and by Tom Hardy.

Movie characters
Tony Montana is a fictional character in the movie Scarface who is played by actor Al Pacino. Montana is a Cuban immigrant to the United States. He has antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders and is a drug lord who ruthlessly uses violence to gain wealth. He creates many enemies and they come after him at his mansion, shooting him in the back and killing him.

Fictional murderers
Fictional people with antisocial personality disorder
Movie characters
Narcissism in fiction
Fictional mass murderers
Scarface: The World Is Yours is a video game based on the events from the movie Scarface. It was released for the PC, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Wii in 2006 and 2007. You play as the title character, Tony Montana like in the film.

2006 video games
PlayStation 2 games
Xbox games
Wii games
Windows games
The Diomede Islands are two islands in the Bering Strait, about halfway between mainland Alaska and Siberia. They are also called Gvozdev Islands in Russian. There are two islands, called Big Diomede and Little Diomede respectively. 

Little Diomede is also known as Krusenstern Island, but there are also other places with this name. The Eskimos who live there call it Ignaluk. 

The other island, Big Diomede, is also known as Imaqliq, Inaliq, Nunarbuk or Ratmanov Island. 

Big Diomede belongs to Siberia, Little Diomede is part of Alaska.

The Chukchi Sea is to the north and the Bering Sea to the south of the islands.  to the southeast is Fairway Rock, an islet which is usually not considered part of the Diomede Islands.

The islands are separated by an international border and the International Date Line which is approximately  from each island. At the closest distance between Little Diomede and Big Diomede, the two islands are only about  apart.
People who live on Little Diomede Island do so in a small village called Diomede, on the west side of the island.

There are plans to build a connection between Siberia and Alaska, either as a bridge or a tunnel (Bering Strait bridge spanning the Bering Strait). In that case, the Diomede Islands would be a halfway point, as they are about the middle of the Bering Strait.

They are sometimes called Tomorrow Island (Big Diomede) and Yesterday Isle (Little Diomede) because the big island is 21 hours ahead of the small one (except when changing daylight saving time, done on different dates).

The people who lived on Big Diomede Island were moved to mainland Russia by the Soviet government. A small Russian military base is currently on the island. Little Diomede has an Inupiat population of 170, mostly in the City of Diomede. This village there has a school, and a local store. Some Eskimos there are famous for their ivory carving. Mail is delivered by helicopter, weather permitting.

References
References 

Pacific islands
Islands of Alaska
Islands of Russia
Siberia
Krusenstern Island (and similar names) is a place name honoring the Baltic German explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern (1770 – 1846). It was and sometimes still is used for a number of places in the Pacific Ocean:
 Ailuk in the Marshall Islands
 Little Diomede (Ignaluk) in the Diomede Islands
 Tikehau in the Tuamotus
 "Krusenstern Reef" was a phantom reef at ; it was deleted from maps after 1923
 "Krusenstern Islands" or "Krusenstern Reef" also was applied to islands in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Footnotes

References
  (1951): Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition 59: The populations of the Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus). American Museum Novitates 1512: 1-21. PDF fulltext
Clay animation is one of many ways to make a stop motion animation. Each animated piece, either character or background, can be formed and reformed into different shapes. People making a clay animation usually use something soft, like Plasticine clay. 

Most animation is made the same way, whether it is cel animation or stop motion. Each frame, or still picture, is recorded on film or digital media and then played back quickly. When played back at a frame rate of more than 10–12 frames per second, the human mind sees the series of slightly changing, rapidly playing images as movement. To us it seems as if the object is moving by itself. This way of tricking the mind into seeing "movement" is the way that all moving images work, from zoetrope to movies to videogames. The way CGI animations are made is different from the frame by frame method.
How it is done 
In clay animation, each object is made in clay, usually around a wire skeleton called an armature. The object is put on the set (background) and a still picture (one frame of film) is taken. The object or character is then moved slightly by hand. Another picture is taken, and the object is moved slightly again. This is repeated over and over. To get the best results, special care is taken to make sure that each frame is the same as the one before. For example, the lighting has to be the same and the object has to be put back in exactly the right place. The only thing that should be different is the slight change the animator makes to the object.
Making a stop-motion animation using clay is hard work. Normal movies use 24 frames per second (frame/s). Animation usually uses "doubles" or "twos"; that is using two frames for each shot. This means that 12 changes are made for one second of movie. For a 30-minute movie, there would be about 21,600 stops to change the objects for the next frame. For a full-length (90-minute) movie, there would be about 64,800 stops. IF some of the parts were done with only a single, not double frame, there would be even more stops. Great care must be taken to make sure that the object is not moved by accident. For full-length movies, animators now use rubber silicone and resin-cast objects. One foam-rubber method has been called Foamation by Will Vinton.

Examples of clay animation 
Some famous clay animation movies have been made. Examples include:
 Gumby
 Wallace and Gromit
 Robot Chicken
 Bob the Builder
 Clay Studio of Sviridov Max
Claymation 
The word "Claymation" is a registered trademark in the United States. It was registered by Will Vinton in 1978 to describe his clay animation films. The word is often used incorrectly to describe any clay animation movie.

References 

Animation
Carlos Alberto Carvalho dos Anjos Junior (born 15 September 1977) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Kashima Antlers.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003||rowspan="9"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||39||28||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||39||28
|-
|2004||39||37||2||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||39
|-
|2005||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||31||16||1||2||6||4||colspan="2"|-||38||22
|-
|2006||29||20||2||2||10||6||colspan="2"|-||41||28
|-
|2007||31||22||4||2||5||4||7||3||47||31
|-
|2008||32||12||2||0||6||4||colspan="2"|-||40||16
|-
|2009||33||17||1||1||5||3||9||3||48||24
|-
|2010||19||14||2||1||4||1||0||0||25||16
|-
|2011||32||9||1||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||36||10
|-
|2012|||Kashima Antlers||||||||||||||colspan="2"|-|||||
285||175||15||10||39||23||16||6||355||214
285||175||15||10||39||23||16||6||355||214

References
Kawasaki Frontale

1977 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Sportspeople from Salvador, Bahia
A period of détente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew and joint development of an international docking standard APAS-75. Apollo–Soyuz began a period of transition from the Space Race to an age of US / Russian space cooperation by December 1991, when the dissolution of the Soviet Union brought the end of the Cold War and enabled the Shuttle-Mir and International Space Station programs between the US and the newly founded Russian Federation.

References

Other websites 
 The Space Race 
 Space Race -Citizendium

Spaceflight
1950s in the United States
1960s in the United States
1950s in the Soviet Union
An oligotroph is an organism that can survive with relatively few nutrients. Because there are few nutrients, such organisms grow slower. Their metabolism usually runs at a slower rate. The population density is generally low. 

Environments where oligotrophs can be found include the deep oceans.

Biology
Extremophiles
Supersaturation in chemical solutions is when a solution contains more of a solute than can be dissolved in it. This usually makes some of the solute separate itself from the solution.

Examples 
Rain happens in a supersaturated solution of water in air.
Carbonated water is a supersaturated solution of carbon dioxide gas in water.  It is stored at very high pressure in a bottle.  This lets the water dissolve more carbon dioxide gas than it can at normal pressure.  When the bottle is opened, the pressure falls to the normal atmospheric pressure, and the carbon dioxide gas escapes slowly.  Certain things such as small bubbles in the bottle can make this process faster.  Such bubbles can be caused by shaking the bottle.  Another solute such as sugar powder or a widget can also trigger precipitation.

 A Diet Coke and Mentos eruption is an extreme example. Some drinks such as ales and stouts rely on this effect to produce the 'head' on the surface of the poured product. 

Chemistry

Thermodynamics
Dyspnea or dyspnoea (said disp-nee-ah) is shortness of breath. Some research says that about 27% of people suffer it.

Causes
There are many different causes of dyspnea. Some include:

Pulmonary disorders
 Obstructive lung diseases
 Asthma
 Bronchitis
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
 Cystic fibrosis
 Emphysema 
 Laryngeal edema due to allergies
 Hookworm disease
 Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura
 Contagious
 Anthrax through inhalation of Bacillus anthracis
 Pneumonia
 Non-contagious
 Fibrosing alveolitis
 Atelectasis
 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
 Interstitial lung disease
 Lung cancer
 Pleural effusion
 Pneumoconiosis
 Pneumothorax
 Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome
 Sarcoidosis
 Pulmonary vascular diseases
 Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli
 Pulmonary hypertension, primary or secondary
 Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
 Superior vena cava syndrome
Other causes of diminished breathing
 Obstruction of the airway
 Cancer of the larynx or pharynx
 Empty nose syndrome
 Pulmonary aspiration
 Epiglottitis
 Vocal cord dysfunction
 Immobilization of the diaphragm
 Lesion of the phrenic nerve
 Polycystic liver disease
 Tumor in the diaphragm
 Restriction of the chest volume
 Ankylosing spondylitis
 Broken ribs
 Kyphosis of the spine
 Obesity
 Pregnancy
 Pectus excavatum
 Scoliosis
 Disorders of the cardiovascular system
 Aortic dissection
 Cardiomyopathy
 Congenital heart disease
 CREST syndrome
 Heart failure
 Ischaemic heart disease
 Malignant hypertension
 Pericardium disorders, including:
 Cardiac tamponade
 Constrictive pericarditis
 Pericardial effusion
 Pulmonary edema
 Pulmonary embolism
 Valvular heart disease
 Disorders of the blood and metabolism
 Anemia
 Hypothyroidism
 Adrenal insufficiency
 Metabolic acidosis
 Sepsis
 Leukemia
 Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles
 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
 Guillain-Barré syndrome
Multiple sclerosis
 Myasthenia gravis
 Parsonage Turner syndrome
 Eaton-Lambert syndrome
 Chronic fatigue syndrome
 Psychological conditions
 Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
 Medications
 Fentanyl
 Other
 Carbon monoxide poisoning
Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis, which is the flap that sits at the base of the tongue, which keeps food from going into the trachea (windpipe). Due to its place in the airway, swelling of this can interfere with breathing and can set up a medical emergency.

Symptoms
Epiglottitis usually happens in children. It can be accompanied with fever, problems swallowing, drooling, and stridor. In children, it must always be considered a medical emergency requiring urgent treatment in an emergency room at a hospital.

Inflammation
Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia. The disease is carried by ticks which are parasitic on mammals such as mice, deer, and people. In other words, ticks are the vector which transmits the disease.

It is the most common tick-borne infection in the United States. Although Allen Steere realized in 1978 that Lyme disease was a tick-borne disease, the cause of the disease remained a mystery until 1982. It can cause joint swelling, rashes, and neurological symptoms.

Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics. Depending on disease stage and antibiotic used, treatment is usually between 10 and 28 days.

Symptoms 

Fever
A bulls-eye rash, also known as Erythema migrans.
Cranial nerve palsies (drooping of the face)
Arthritis
Fatigue
Headache
Myalgias (muscle pain) and arthralgias (joint pain)
Meningitis (stiff neck)
Chills

References 

Diseases caused by bacteria
Diseases spread by insects
Travis Wayne Childers (born March 29, 1958 in Booneville, Mississippi, United States) is an American politician. He represented Mississippi's 1st district in the U.S. House of Representatives from the May 2008 special election until 2011. 

Childers did not win re-election in on November 2, 2010, he was defeated by former state senator Alan Nunnelee.

References

Other websites
Official Campaign Website
The Online Office of Congressman Travis Childers 

1958 births
Living people
United States representatives from Mississippi
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Carbonated water, also known as soda water, sparkling water, fizzy water, seltzer, and water with gas, is plain water into which carbon dioxide gas has been dissolved. Most soft drinks have carbonated water as a base. The process of dissolving carbon dioxide gas is called carbonation. It results in the formation of carbonic acid.

There are special machines that allow to make soda water at home.

The process of carbonation can also occur naturally to produce carbonated mineral water. Beer and wine are carbonated by fermentation.

Carbonated water was discovered by Joseph Pristly in 1767.

References 

Drinking water
Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 time zone. This zone is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in some European, North African, and Middle Eastern countries. During the winter, the Eastern European Time (UTC+2) is used.

Usage 

The following countries and territories use Eastern European Summer Time during the summer:
Belarus, from 1991-2011, now observes Moscow Time all year long
 Bulgaria, regularly since 1979
 Cyprus, regularly since 1979, Northern Cyprus returned to EET on 29 October 2017
 Egypt, used from 1970- 20 April 2011 and again from 16 May 2014- 20 April 2015
 Estonia, in years 1981-88 Moscow Summer Time, regularly EEST since 1989
 Finland, regularly since 1981
 Greece, regularly since 1975
 Israel, regularly since 1948
 Jordan, since 1985
 Latvia, in years 1981-88 Moscow Summer Time, regularly EEST since 1989
 Lebanon, since 1984
 Lithuania, in years 1981-88 Moscow Summer Time, regularly EEST since 1989, in years 1998 was changed to Central European Summer Time, but returned to EEST since 2003
 Moldova, in years 1981-89 Moscow Summer Time, regularly EEST since 1991
 Romania, regularly since 1979
 Russia (Kaliningrad), in years 1981-90 Moscow Summer Time, regularly EEST since 1991
 Syria, since 1983
 Turkey, from 1970-78 and 1985-2016, now observes Turkey Time all year long
In 1991 EEST was used also in Moscow and Samara time zones of Russia.

Time zones
African Sanctus is a musical composition for choir, soloists, orchestra and prerecorded tape by David Fanshawe.  It was composed in 1972.

African Sanctus is the best-known of Fanshawe's works.  It was composed after Fanshawe had made journeys to Africa up the river Nile between 1969 and 1973.  The shape of his journey forms the shape of a cross.  This had a religious meaning for Fanshawe.  He made recordings on tape of the people he met singing their traditional music.  A lot of this music had never been recorded before.  When he returned home to Britain he composed the African Sanctus.  Some of the recordings he had made in Africa are played as part of the performance.  The choir who sing live at the concert are singing some of the words of the traditional Christian Latin Mass.

The recordings are from Egypt, the Sudan, Uganda and Kenya.
At first it was called African Revelations, but then the title was changed to African Sanctus.  It was first performed in London by the Saltarello Choir in July 1972, and was later played on BBC Radio on United Nations Day.  A documentary film was made three years later showing how the work had been composed.

Description of the music
Movement I is based on music from North Uganda in which the Acholi people perform a royal welcome dance.  The live choir sing the words of the Sanctus.
Movement II uses a recording of the Azan: a call to prayer by the Imam, in the Muhammad Ali Mosque in Cairo.  The live choir sing Kyrie.  Fanshawe is joining the two faiths: Muslim and Christian.
Movement III starts with the music of an Egyptian wedding.  The live choir sing the Gloria, often shouting.
Movement IV consists of courtship dances.  It leads to four men in a trance singing words from the Koran in a mixture of dialects and Arabic.  The live choir sing a praise of thanks to God.
Movement V has the song of a cattle boy in the deserts by the Red Sea Hills.  Bells announce the birth of a baby boy.
Movement VI A Zande family who had fled into Uganda from South Sudan sing a song about Jesus who has saved them from the terrors of war.
Movement VII We hear frogs and a Uganda dance in which young girls are praising their boyfriends who are fighting.  A storm comes and this is combined with the live choir singing "Crucify!"
Movement VIII Many different sounds are mixed here, and we hear the Madinda, which is a kind of xylophone made out of canoe boards balanced across two banana trunks.  The live choir sing "Sanctus!" ("Holy!").
Movement IX The live choir sing a beautiful setting of the Lord's Prayer.  The words in this movement are in English,  not in Latin.   Fanshawe got the idea for this music from hearing a mother singing a lament for a dead fisherman on the shores of a lake in Uganda.
Movement X The live choir sing "For thine is the kingdom".  Four songs are heard on the tape: a milking song from Kenya, a song of a river in Uganda, a cattle song from Northern Kenya and a burial dance from Western Kenya.
Movement XI thinks about the refugees in countries such as Sudan and Rwanda.  We hear the sound of war drums in the distance.  The live choir sing the Agnus Dei ("Lamb of God").
Movement XII This is a repeat of the Kyrie, but the live choir and the tape are mixed in different ways.
Movement XIII This is a return of the Sanctus and Gloria with the energetic dance of the Bwala dancers from Uganda.
Performances

The work has been performed in many places in Britain and all round the world.  Fanshawe comes to many of these concerts personally.

In 1994 David Fanshawe composed an extra movement for a new recording of the work, the Dona Nobis Pacem - A Hymn for World Peace, which completed the Agnus Dei. Based on this new recording, the BBC commissioned the maker of the 1975 documentary, Herbert Chappell, to make a new programme, African Sanctus Revisited,

References
 David Fanshawe's programme notes (printed in Summer Celebration, Milton Keynes City Church programme 12 July 2009).

Other websites
African Sanctus official website 

Choral compositions
World music
David Fanshawe (born 19 April 1942 in Devon, England; died 5 July 2010) was an English composer and explorer. He wrote a large amount of music, especially for television programmes.  His best-known composition is a choral work called African Sanctus.

Life 
Fanshawe went to school at St George's School, Windsor Castle and Stowe School.   He started his career as a musician and producer for documentary films. He studied composition at the Royal College of Music. He became known for the music he wrote for films and TV.  In 1970 he performed Salaams in the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London.  This was a work based on the rhythms of pearl divers in Bahrain.

He spent several years travelling to many parts of the world collecting recordings of people singing their own traditional music.  He travelled to the Middle East, then to Africa and to islands of the Pacific Ocean.  In all these places he had to get to know the people and get them to trust him so that they would let him record their music.
His African Sanctus was a result of his trip down the Nile.  It combines recordings he made there with a choir and orchestra singing.  It has been performed thousands of times all over the world.

Fanshawe died on 5 July 2010.

References

Other websites 
 composer's website  
 African Sanctus website 

1942 births
2010 deaths
English composers
World music
Haley Reeves Barbour (born October 22, 1947) is an American politician. He was the governor of Mississippi from 2004 to 2012. He was mentioned as a possible candidate for President of the United States in the 2012. In April 2011, Barbour said he will not run for president.

Early years
Barbour was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi, where he was raised as the youngest of three sons of Grace LeFlore (née Johnson) and Jeptha Fowlkes Barbour, Jr. Haley's father, a lawyer, died when Barbour was two years old. Barbour's father who was a Circuit Judge had an inmate to assist him when Judge Barbour became ill. Leon Turner, who was given a posthumous pardon by Barbour in the closing days of his administration, had helped to raise him.

References

Other websites
 Haley Barbour's official website 
 

1947 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Mississippi
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Yazoo City, Mississippi
Governors of Mississippi
21st-century American politicians
Moose Jaw is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan; about 70 km west of the capital Regina.

Cities in Saskatchewan
A playpen is where a baby plays in an enclosed structure. It is designed to keep the baby safe when the parent is not there. The earliest use of the word playpen in the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1902.

History
Playpens were once made of wood. They were square shaped, with vertical wooden bars on four sides, so that the child can see out. The floor of the playpen is usually a soft mat. The walls of the playpen are usually higher than the height of the child, so the child can not climb out.
Modern playpens can be moved easily. They are usually made of a basic metal and plastic support system with mesh, soft plastic or nylon sides.  Sometimes a bassinet can be put on the top for the baby to sleep in, or be changed in, until four months of age.  Some have mobiles, side pockets for supplies and toys, night lights, music boxes, or a CD player for the child to listen to music while sleeping or playing. Portable playpens come in different sizes, but most can be rolled or folded up for easy storage and transport.

It is important that the playpen being used is safe for the child. Unsafe playpens may collapse which could injure the baby.

References

Other websites
 Playpen safety information  from Seattle Children's Hospital.

Childhood
Furniture
Songs 
 "Don't Stop" (Baby Bash song)
 "Don't Stop" (Fleetwood Mac song)
 "Don't Stop" (Gloria Estefan song)
 "Don't Stop" (Innerpartysystem song)
 "Don't Stop" (The Rolling Stones song)
 "Don't Stop" (Wade Hayes song)
 "Don't Stop!", by ATB
 "Don't Stop (Color on the Walls)", by Foster the People
 "Don't Stop (Funkin' 4 Jamaica)", by Mariah Carey
 "Don't Stop (Wiggle Wiggle)", by The Outhere Brothers
 "All Nite (Don't Stop)", by Janet Jackson
 "Gonna Make Ya Move (Don't Stop)", by Pink
 "Don't Stop", by Ace of Base from Da Capo
 "Don't Stop", 1981 song by Bucks Fizz. B-side to "Making Your Mind Up"
 "Don't Stop", by Chali 2na from Fish Outta Water
 "Don't Stop", by Charles Karel Bouley
 "Don't Stop!", by Child Rebel Soldier
 "Don't Stop", by Diana Ross from Take Me Higher
 "Don't Stop", by Geraint Watkins
 "Don't Stop", by MC Hammer from The Funky Headhunter
 "Don't Stop", by Our Lady Peace from Healthy in Paranoid Times
 "Don't Stop", by Stone Roses from The Stone Roses
"Don't Stop (Doin' It)", by Anastacia from Freak of Nature
 "Don’t Stop...", by Oasis (band)
Albums 
 Don't Stop (Annie album)
 Don't Stop (Billy Idol album)
 Don't Stop (Jolin Tsai album)
 Don't Stop (Rockets album)
 Don't Stop (Status Quo album)
 Don't Stop, by Bloodstone
 Don't Stop, by Jeffrey Osborne
The Planets Op. 32 is a seven-movement orchestral musical suite by the British composer Gustav Holst, written between 1914 and 1916.  The first complete public performance happened during World War I on 10 October 1918 in Birmingham, with Appleby Matthews directing the orchestra.  However, an earlier premiere for only a small group of people was held on 29 September 1918 in the Queen's Hall in London, with the orchestra directed by Adrian Boult.  The seven pieces are all named after planets.
=

Compositions by Gustav Holst
Orchestral works
It's A Big Big World is a children's television show on PBS Kids.

American children's television series
PBS Kids shows
2006 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
Kota Kinabalu (), formerly Jesselton, is the capital of Sabah state in Malaysia. It is also the capital of the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is on the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea. The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park is on one side and Mount Kinabalu, which gave the city its name, is nearby. Kota Kinabalu proper has a population of 579,304, while the larger urban area has an estimated population of 700,000. It is the largest urban centre in Sabah and the sixth largest in Malaysia.

Kota Kinabalu is often known as K.K. within Malaysia and internationally. It is a major tourist destination and a popular gateway for travellers visiting Sabah and Borneo. Kinabalu National Park is about 90 kilometres from the city and there are many tourist attractions in and around the city. Kota Kinabalu is also one of the major industrial and commercial centres of East Malaysia. These two factors combine to make Kota Kinabalu one of the fastest growing cities in Malaysia.
History 
In the late 1800s, the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) began to establish colonies throughout North Borneo (now Sabah). In 1882, the Company founded a small settlement on Gaya Island (Pulau Gaya), which was already inhabited by the Bajau people. In 1897, this first settlement was burned and destroyed by Bajau rebels led by Mat Salleh.

After the rebellion, the Company decided to relocate the settlement to the more easily defended mainland opposite Pulau Gaya. A nearby fishing village named Api-Api (see Original names below), was the next settlement of the Company. This new location was then designated as the main harbour and port, as well as the terminus for the North Borneo Railway. It was expanded and renamed Jesselton, named after Sir Charles Jessel, the then Vice Chairman of the Company.
After the war, the British North Borneo Company returned to administer Jesselton but was unable to finance the huge costs of reconstruction. They gave control of North Borneo to the British Crown in 1946. The new colonial government elected to rebuild Jesselton as the capital of North Borneo instead of Sandakan, which had also been destroyed by the war.

When North Borneo together with Sarawak, Singapore & Federation of Malaya formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963, the state became known as Sabah and Jesselton remained its capital. Jesselton was renamed Kota Kinabalu on September 30, 1968 and received official city status from the Malaysian government on February 2, 2000.
Kota Kinabalu is named after Mount Kinabalu, about 90 kilometres east-northeast of the city. The meaning and origin of the name Kinabalu is uncertain. One theory suggests it  means "Chinese widow", where Kina meaning "Chinese" (person) in Kadazandusun language, and balu meaning "widow" in Malay language. This theory derives from a folk tale about a Chinese prince who came to the mountain in search of a giant pearl which was guarded by a dragon at the top of the mountain. While he was here, he married a local woman but later returned to China and left the woman heartbroken. Alternatively, it is also argued that Kinabalu or Akinabalu is the name of the dragon which guards the giant pearl itself. Another theory suggests that the term is derived from the name Aki Nabalu meaning the "revered place of the dead", in which, Aki means "ancestors" or "grandfather", and Nabalu being a name for the mountain in the Dusun language
. Finally there is also a source claiming that the term originated from Ki Nabalu, where Ki meaning "have" or "exist", and Nabalu meaning "spirit of the dead".
Kota is a Malay word for a "fort", "town", or a "city". It is also used formally in a few other Malaysian towns and cities, for example, Kota Bahru, Kota Tinggi, and Kota Kemuning. It could also be used informally to refer to any towns or cities. Henceforth, a direct translation of the name Kota Kinabalu into English would be "City of Kinabalu" or "Kinabalu City".
Besides Jesselton, there has been a number of other claims as to the original name for Kota Kinabalu. The most popular, as mentioned above, is Api-Api, or sometimes simply Api, which is a Malay word meaning 'Fire'. It was apparently named as such by the mainly Bajau locals to denote the blazing of the British administrative office in Pulau Gaya instigated by Mat Salleh, as well as other blazing incidents normally perpetrated by pirates. There were claims however that it was actually named after a nearby river called Sungai Api-Api. Another theory states that "Api-Api" is the local name of the common Avicennia tree that grows in abundance around the area. Transliterated into the formal Chinese name of Ya Bi (亚庇 yà bì), the Hakkas here too adopted this name (亚庇,"ah-bi" which pronounced in Hakka, Chinese dialects) and some still use this name to this day. Besides Api-Api, another suggested historical name was Deasoka, which roughly means "below the coconut tree" in the Bajau language
. The Bajau locals purportedly used this name to refer to a village on the southern part of the city which was filled with coconut trees. Another name was Singgah Mata which literally mean "transit eye", but can be loosely translated as meaning "pleasing to the eye". It is a name purportedly given by fishermen from Pulau Gaya referring to the strip of land of what is today Kota Kinabalu city center. Today, all these names have been immortalised into names of streets or buildings around the city. Some examples are: Lintasan Deasoka, Api-Api Centre, Jalan Singgah Mata, and Jesselton Point.
Capital city 

Being the capital city of Sabah, Kota Kinabalu plays an important role in the political and economic welfare of the population in the entire state. It is the seat of the state government where almost all of their ministries and agencies are based. Most of the Malaysian federal government agencies and departments are also in Kota Kinabalu. The Sabah State Legislative Assembly is at nearby Likas Bay. There are four Members of Parliament (MPs) representing four parliamentary constituencies in the city: Sepanggar (P.171), Kota Kinabalu (P.172), Putatan (P.173), and Penampang (P.174). The city also elects 9 representatives to the state legislature from the state assembly districts of Karambunai, Inanam, Likas, Api-Api, Luyang, Tanjung Aru, Petagas, Kepayan, and Moyog.

Sister cities 
Kota Kinabalu currently has five sister cities.
  -  City of Rockingham, Australia.
  -  Heyuan, China.
  -  Yongin, South Korea.
  -  Vladivostok, Russia.
  -  Ratchaburi, Thailand.

Transportation

Land
Land 

The internal roads linking different parts of the city are generally state roads constructed and maintained by the state Public Works Department. Most major internal roads are dual-carriageways. One of the major road here is Jalan Lintas-Jalan Tuaran Bypass, which together serves almost as a ring road, circling the city and connecting the districts and suburbs surrounding the city, namely,  Putatan, Penampang, Luyang, Likas, Inanam, Menggatal, Sepanggar, and Tuaran. There is currently no freeway in the city nor in any part of Sabah. The city is linked by highways to distant towns around Sabah and these are mainly federal roads maintained by the national Public Works Department. Highway routes from Kota Kinabalu include:
 Kota Kinabalu - Tamparuli - Kudat
 Kota Kinabalu - Tamparuli - Ranau - Sandakan - Tawau - Serudong (part of the Pan Borneo Highway)
 Kota Kinabalu - Keningau - Lawas - Brunei - Miri - Kuching - Sematan (part of the Pan Borneo Highway)
 Kota Kinabalu - Keningau - Kalabakan - Tawau
Public transportation:

Regular bus services operate around the city. Minibuses or vans are also used besides buses as an alternative public transportation. There are two main bus terminals in the central business area. The terminal along Jalan Tun Razak provides internal bus services towards different part of the city and its outskirts. Another terminal near Bandaran Berjaya provides intercity services towards destinations south of the city (Papar, Tenom, Beaufort, and others). The Kota Kinabalu (North) Bus Terminal in Inanam provides intercity buses heading towards destinations north and north-east of the city (Tuaran, Kudat, Ranau, Sandakan, Tawau, Semporna, and others). Taxicabs too are around the city.
A railway system formerly known as the North Borneo Railway was established in 1896 by the British North Borneo Company. It was built for the main purpose of transporting commodities from the interior to the port in Kota Kinabalu during the British occupation. The railway line connects Kota Kinabalu with Tenom and several other towns in between, and it is the only railway system operating in East Malaysia. Today the railway is known as Sabah State Railway, and it provides daily services for commuters, travellers, as well as for cargo transportation. A separate company operates the leisure tour also called the North Borneo Railway, which caters mainly for tourists. The train station and terminus are in Tanjung Aru.
Air 
Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) provides flights linking the city with other domestic and international destinations. It is a secondary hub for Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia and it consists of two terminals. It is the second busiest airport in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and it is a major gateway into Sabah and East Malaysia. It serves international flights to Bandar Seri Begawan, Shenzhen, Seoul, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macau, Manila, Cebu, Singapore, Taibei, Gaoxiong, and other domestic cities. It is also a secondary hub for MASWings, which serves flights to smaller towns and rural areas in East Malaysia.

Sea
Sea 

Kota Kinabalu has two ports: Kota Kinabalu Port and Sepanggar Bay Container Port (SBCP). Kota Kinabalu Port mainly loose/bulk cargo, while SBCP operates as a naval base for the Royal Malaysian Navy, oil depot and all containerised cargo. In 2004, Kota Kinabalu Port handled about 3.6 million tonnes of freight cargo, the third highest in the state after Sandakan Port, and Tawau Port. It however handles the most number of containers in the state, with 153,793 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of containers handled in 2006. Sepanggar Bay Port will have the capacity to handle 200,000 TEU annually when its container terminal is completed. All ports in Sabah are managed and operated by Sabah Ports Sdn Bhd.

Kota Kinabalu Ferry Terminal is a passenger ferry terminal at Jesselton Point near the K.K. port. It provides ferry and motorboat services to the nearby islands for tourists as well as for commuters living on the islands. There are also regular scheduled ferry services to Labuan.
Religion
The majority of the population are Muslim Malays.

References 

Capital cities in Malaysia
Sabah
The Temple of Jupiter, Capitolium, or Temple of the Capitoline Triad was a temple in the Roman city of Pompeii in Italy. At the beginning this temple was dedicated to Jupiter alone, it was built in the mid 2nd century BC at the same time as the temple of Apollo was being worked on - this was the era at which Roman influence over Pompeii was at its height and so Roman Jupiter beat out the Greek Apollo and Jupiter(, Juno, and Minerva) in towns newly taken over by the Romans.  This was also true for Pompeii, where the Temple of Jupiter that was already there was enlarged and made more Roman when the Romans took over.

Pompeii was taken over by the Romans beginning in 310 BC.  It was still allowed to mostly run itself, however, until the Italic Revolt against Rome at the beginning of the 1st century BC.
The building style of the town was largely borrowed from the Greeks, but Roman rule would soon lead to changes in this style.  As opposed to the previous Samnite rulers of Pompeii, the Romans thought that the building style was very important in religious as well as everyday life. Pompeii was changed into a much more public and open place.  Public buildings and spaces would eventually be able to be found all over the city.  

The temple had been built in 150 BC to be a very noticeable part of the forum, and it became Pompeii's main temple after Rome took over. The inside of the temple housed the main room of the temple, which held the statues of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, and which only the priests were allowed to enter.
In 62 an earthquake shook the city of Pompeii, destroying much of the Temple of Jupiter.  After this, the much smaller Temple of Jupiter Meilichios became the main place of worship to Jupiter and his group of three (triad).  The first Temple of Jupiter was still waiting to be fixed when Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79, burying the town of Pompeii under lava and ash.  The hollow temple can still be seen in Pompeii today. also in pompeii the had intercourse (sex) on the porch that indicated wealth.

References
References 

“Jupiter.”  Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire.  Matthew Bunson.  Facts on File, Inc., 1994.  Page 221.
“Pompeii.”  The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Third Edition Revised.  Edited by Simon Hornblower and Anton Spawforth.  Oxford University Press, 2003.  Pages 1214-1215.  
Description and Analysis of Roman Cities - Pompeii 
Temples of Pompeii, including photographs of excavated temples
Temples and Buildings of Pompeii, including rough map of Pompeii 
Photograph and Mapped Location of Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii
More photographed views of Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii
Milang is small town that is found on the shores of Lake Alexandrina, just over 20 kms from Strathalbyn, South Australia.

The town was laid out in December 1853. Milang was a very important port on the Murray River System between 1860 and 1880, before the railway line was built to connect Adelaide to Morgan farther upstream.

References

Towns in South Australia
Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) is an Australian marsupial, sometimes called a rat-kangaroo. It has a pointed  face and it is about the size of a rabbit. Once thought to be extinct, it is listed as being critically endangered.It is the most endangered mammal and marsupial in the whole of Australia. There are only about 40 of the animals now left in the world. Gilbert's potoroo is one of the world's rarest mammals.

They live in a small area, about , on the southwest coast near Albany, Western Australia. This area is in the Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve.  Gilbert's Potoroos have been released on nearby Bald Island, and are breeding successfully.
Discovery 
The first scientific discovery of the Gilbert’s potoroo happened in 1840, and it was named in 1841 after the English naturalist and explorer John Gilbert. Gilbert had collected several animals at King George Sound in Australia, including this potoroo. Gilbert’s potoroo was not seenagain for many years, even though many people had searched for them in the 1970s. The species was believed to be extinct for 120 years before it was re-discovered in 1994 in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve. Liz Sinclair had been studying wallabies and caught the potoroo in one of her traps.
Habitat 
Potoroos live under thick bushes and shrubs. They have made tunnels and paths through the bush so they can get around easily. When moving slowly they use all four legs, but to move quickly they can hop like a kangaroo. Potoroos are nocturnal and they spend their days hiding. They only come out into the open very often. They live in small groups of between three to five animals. They eat different kinds of truffles and fungi. Australia has many different kinds of truffles and potoroos like to eat many of them. Potoroos have sharp three toed claws that help them dig into the ground to find the truffles growing in the soil. After eating them, the potoroos help spread the seeds of the truffles through their wastes.  Scientists have found 40 different types of fungi in the waste from a Gilbert Potoroo.
Reproduction 
The female potoroos can have two babies in a year, but only carry one at a time. They can keep a second embryo in a state of diapause while the first embryo is growing. If the first baby does not survive, the second baby can start growing right away. It is not known how long gestation is for Gilbert’s potoroo, but it is thought to be the same as the long-nosed potoroo; about 38 days. The baby potoroo is only about  long when it is born. It lives in its mother's pouch for about 4 months.

Saving the potoroo 
When Gilbert’s potoroo was rediscovered, more animals were captured to start a breeding program. This would help increase the numbers of potoroos. A few young were born in the first couple of years, but then breeding just stopped. Many studies have looked at what they eat, and how they live, but they are still can not get the potoroos to breed in captivity
In 2001, a group was formed called the Gilbert’s potoroo Action Group (GPAG). This group helps educate and tell people about the potoroo. It also helps with raising money for more study and captive breeding programs for Gilbert’s potoroo.

Three potoroos, one male and two females, were moved to Bald Island in August 2005. This island is free from other animals, like cats and foxes, that would eat the potoroos. Since then, four more potoroos have been sent to start a breeding colony.

There is a lot of danger for the survival of Gilbert's potoroo. Because of the small area where they live, they could be lost in a bushfire. Foxes and cats could easily kill all the potoroos. There may not be enough potoroos to give them enough genetic differences to survive a virus. There is not enough natural bushland at Two Peoples Bay, and there is too much cleared land next to the nature reserve.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Gilbert's Potoroo  at Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation
Gilbert's Potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) recovery plan 
Gilbert's Potoroo Action Group

Marsupials of Australia
Critically endangered species
Antônio Bento dos Santos (born 18 December 1971) is a former Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||16||13||1||0||3||2||20||15
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||14||12||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||12
|-
|1998||19||13||2||0||0||0||21||13
|-
|1999||19||10||0||0||4||2||23||12
|-
|2001||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||19||16||1||0||1||0||21||16
|-
|2002||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 2||36||16||1||4||colspan="2"|-||37||20
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||41||20||3||2||colspan="2"|-||44||22
|-
|2004||20||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||4
184||104||10||6||7||4||201||114
184||104||10||6||7||4||201||114
|}

1971 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Minowa was born in Kawasaki on June 2, 1976. After graduating from Sendai University, he joined J1 League club Júbilo Iwata in 1999. However he did not play in the match, he moved to his local club Kawasaki Frontale in September 2000. The club was relegated to J2 League end of 2000 season. From 2001, although the club in J2 League, he became a regular player as defender. The club won the champions in 2004 and was promoted to J1 League. The club won the 2nd place in the 2006 J1 League and 2007 J.League Cup. In 2008, he lost his opportunity to play for injury and moved to Consadole Sapporo in June. The club was relegated to J2 League end of 2008 season. From 2009, he could not play for injury and he left the club end of 2010 season. He announced his retirement in September 2011.

On April 25, 2005, when Minowa was 29 aged, he debuted for Japan national team in a friendly match against Ukraine.

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="9"|Kawasaki Frontale||J1 League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|J2 League||36||5||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||38||5
|-
|2002||40||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||40||4
|-
|2003||41||1||4||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||45||2
|-
|2004||36||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||38||1
|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|J1 League||30||2||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||39||2
|-
|2006||30||3||2||0||10||0||colspan="2"|-||42||3
|-
|2007||30||1||4||0||5||0||7||0||46||1
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||J1 League||12||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J2 League||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
256||17||16||1||22||0||7||0||301||18
256||17||16||1||22||0||7||0||301||18
|}
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Júbilo Iwata players
Kawasaki Frontale players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Nishikawa was born in Usa on June 18, 1986. He joined J1 League club Oita Trinita in 2005. In summer 2005, he debuted and became a first choice goalkeeper instead veteran goalkkeper Hayato Okanaka. Oita won the champions in the 2008 J.League Cup with young players, Masato Morishige, Hiroshi Kiyotake and Mu Kanazaki. However Oita was relegated to J2 League end of 2009 season and Oita released their main players including Nishikawa due to their financial problems. Nishikawa moved to Sanfrecce Hiroshima in 2010. Hiroshima won the J1 League champions in 2012 and 2013. In 2014, he moved to Urawa Reds. Urawa won the 2nd place in the 2014 and 2016 J1 League. In 2017, Urawa won the champions at 2017 AFC Champions League.