Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Food allergies
Anecdotal evidence suggests that food allergies and intolerances may have a role in exacerbating CP/CPPS, perhaps through mast cell mediated mechanisms. Specifically patients with gluten intolerance or celiac disease report severe symptom flares after sustained gluten ingestion. Patients may therefore find an exclusion diet helpful in lessening symptoms by identifying problem foods. Studies are lacking in this area.

Pharmacological treatment
There is a substantial list of medications used to treat this disorder.

Alpha blockers (tamsulosin, alfuzosin) are moderately helpful for many men with CPPS; duration of therapy needs to be at least 3 months.

Quercetin has shown effective in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in chronic prostatitis using 500 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Subsequent studies showed that quercetin, a mast cell inhibitor, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the prostate.
Pollen extract (Cernilton)] has also been shown effective in randomized placebo controlled trials.

Commonly used therapies that have not been properly evaluated in clinical trials are dietary modification, gabapentin, and amitriptyline. 
Therapies shown to be ineffective by randomized placebo/sham controlled trials: levaquin (antibiotics), alpha blockers for 6 weeks or less, transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA).

At least one study suggests that multi-modal therapy (aimed at different pathways such as inflammation and neuromuscular dysfunction simultaneously) is better long term than monotherapy.

Prognosis
In recent years the prognosis for CP/CPPS has improved greatly with the advent of multimodal treatment, phytotherapy and protocols aimed at quieting the pelvic nerves through myofascial trigger point release and anxiety control.

Category IV: Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis
Signs and symptoms
These patients have no history of genitourinary pain complaints, but leukocytosis or bacteria have been noted during evaluation for other conditions.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is through tests of semen, EPS or urine that reveal inflammation in the absence of symptoms.

Treatment
No treatment required. It is standard practice for men with infertility and category IV prostatitis to be given a trial of antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatories however evidence for efficacy are weak. Since signs of asymptomatic prostatic inflammation may sometimes be associated with prostate cancer, this can be addressed by tests that assess the ratio of free-to-total PSA. The results of these tests were significantly different in prostate cancer and category IV prostatitis in one study.
References
 Nickel J.C., Moon T., "Chronic bacterial prostatitis: an evolving clinical enigma", Urology 66:1:2-8 (July 2005).
 Shoskes D.A., "Use of antibiotics in chronic prostatitis syndromes", Can. J. Urol. 8 Suppl 1:24-8 (June 2001).
 Dimitrakov JD, Kaplan SA, Kroenke K, Jackson JL, Freeman MR., Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: an evidence-based approachUrology. 2006;67(5):881-8
 Stevermer, James J., Easley, Susan K., "Treatment of Prostatitis", American Family Physician 61:10 (May 15, 2000)

Footnotes

Related pages
 Pelvic Myoneuropathy
 Quercetin (alternative medicine- a flavonoid which has anti-inflammatory properties; found in various foods)
 Trigger Points
 Saw Palmetto (alternative medicine- a small North American palm, used by American Indians for treating a variety of urinary and genital problems.
 Interstitial cystitis - men with IC may have prostatitis, and vice versa.
Other websites
 ChronicProstatitis.com - a site devoted to CP/CPPS, male IC, and pelvic myoneuropathy.
 Diagrams of the Pelvic Floor Muscles  - muscles involved in causing prostatitis symptoms.
 Mayo Clinic - prostatitis at the Mayo Clinic.
 Interstitial Cystitis Network - Providing support for men with IC.

Male reproductive system
The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex is a book by Charles Darwin, first published in 1871.

It was Darwin's second great book on evolutionary theory, with the first being his 1859 work, On the Origin of Species.

Darwin had said almost nothing about human beings in the Origin, except a single sentence:
"Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history".

In The Descent of Man, Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and also explains his theory of sexual selection. He thought the two topics were closely connected.

In the nearly 12 years between the Origin and the Descent of Man, several writers had written works on the subject. Noteworthy were:

Man's Place in Nature by Thomas Henry Huxley.
The Antiquity of Man by Charles Lyell.

Both were published in 1863.

Sexual selection
Sexual selection

Sexual dimorphism 
The starting point for sexual selection is the observation that males differ from females, not just in sexual apparatus, but in many other traits. This is true of many animals, and the question is why this happens. The answer given by Darwin, and followed by many other biologists, is that the selection on males is different from the selection on females.

Sexual selection in Man 
Sexual selection is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by intraspecific competition (competition between members of the same species).

Darwin defined sexual selection as the effects of the "struggle between the individuals of one sex, generally the males, for the possession of the other sex".

Biologists today distinguish between "male to male combat" or "intrasexual selection" (it is usually males that fight each other), "mate choice" or "intersexual selection" (usually female choice of male mates) and sexual conflict.
Secondary sex characteristics are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but are not directly part of the reproductive system. They are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and fighting.

Traits selected by male combat are called "weapons"; and traits selected by mate choice are called "ornaments".

References 

Evolutionary biology
Biology books
1871 books
Books by Charles Darwin
Fearne Cotton (born 3 September 1981) is an English television and radio presenter. She is known for presenting a number of popular TV programmes such as Top of the Pops and the Red Nose Day telethon. Cotton joined BBC Radio 1 in September 2005.  In 2007, she became the first regular female presenter of BBC Radio 1's Chart Show. She now presents BBC Radio 1's weekday mid-morning programme. In 2008 Cotton moved to the United States to present The Guinness Book of Records - Live. In 2015, Cotton returned to children’s television by voicing a Voice Trumpet in the 2015 reboot of Teletubbies.

References

Other websites 

Living people
BBC radio presenters
BBC television presenters
British DJs
English television presenters
People from the London Borough of Hillingdon
Radio personalities from London
Television personalities from London
Vegetarians
Minecraft is a sandbox video game first made by Markus "Notch" Persson. It was sold to Microsoft in 2014 for 2.5 billion American dollars. Over 238 million copies of the game have been sold. This makes it the best-selling video game of all time.

In Minecraft, players explore a free walkable world filled with many 3D items. Many of these items are cubes, called "blocks". These include basic terrain and resources such as dirt, stone, wood, and sand. There are also items the player can use, such as crafting tables, furnaces, blast furnaces, looms, and stonecutters among others. Players can use these to make new items such as tools and armor, as well as different kinds of blocks. Players can then build structures using these blocks, such as buildings, statues, pixel art, and more.

Minecraft has a large community. It has a lot of user-generated content (things made by players) like mods, servers, skins, texture packs, and custom maps, which add new gameplay features and game modes to the base game.
Minecraft has three main versions: Java Edition, Bedrock Edition, and Education. Java Edition is the first version of Minecraft made, but Bedrock Edition is now used more due to it being multi-platform. Bedrock Edition and Education are written in C++, and Java Edition is written in Java. In the past, special versions of Minecraft were made just for video game consoles.

History
Minecraft was originally created as an experiment to test random generation for caves. Minecraft was inspired by Infiniminer, a game created by Zachary Barth. The first version of Minecraft was released for PC players on May 17, 2009 and it was called Cave Game. After going through alpha and beta versions, the full version was released on November 18, 2011. A version for Android was released on October 7, 2011, and an iOS version was released on November 17, 2011.
At first, Minecraft was created only by Markus Persson. Other people started to work on it when Persson started an independent video game company called Mojang Specifications. The company was later renamed simply to Mojang. Later in 2011, a version named Minecraft: Pocket Edition was released for iOS and Android devices. This version was later renamed "Bedrock Edition". In 2012, Persson gave Jens "Jeb" Bergensten the job of being the main developer of Minecraft.
Minecraft has also released on many video game consoles. On May 9, 2012, Minecraft came out on the Xbox 360 as a download through the Xbox Live Arcade. It was available for 1600 Microsoft Points ($19.99). In 2013, Minecraft came out as a disc for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. On December 10, 2013, a Windows Phone version was released. Versions for the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 were released in September 2014. A version for the PlayStation Vita was released on October 14, 2014. The Wii U edition was released on December 17, 2015. In 2017, versions for the Nintendo Switch and the New Nintendo 3DS were released. The Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Nintendo Switch were later given the Bedrock Edition, which allowed players of these systems to play together.

Gameplay
Gameplay

At the start of the game, players are put in a random location in the game world. They can begin breaking blocks to collect resources, such as wood and dirt, which can be used later in the game. Players can use resources to make new tools, such as pickaxes, which let the player gather stone in the caves that they find. Different resources require different tools to collect them. For example, diamonds can only be collected with an iron pickaxe, or one of a better quality.

The game world is mostly infinite. As players explore it, the game makes new sections of the world using procedural generation. The game generates different kinds of terrain in biomes. Different biomes have different blocks in them. For example, a taiga biome will have lots of spruce trees and snow, whereas a plains biome will have lots of grass. The player can also find different structures in the world, like mountains and villages.
The game has non-player characters called "mobs" (short for mobile entity). There are many mobs in Minecraft. Some are real-life animals, like cows, pigs, and sheep. Some are based on monsters, such as zombies or skeletons. There are also some which do not exist in the real world in any way, and are unique to Minecraft, such as Creepers, Piglins, and Endermen. Each mob has different things it can do. For example, players can kill cows to get leather, which can make items, and beef, which can be cooked to make food. The Creeper, a hostile mob (meaning it tries to attack the player), will move close to the player and then explode, which usually causes so much damage that will kill the player. From it's name it slowly approaches you and explodes giving you instant death if it gets too close.
In addition to the default dimension the player starts in (called the "Overworld"), there are also two other dimensions in Minecraft - the Nether and the End. Both of these can be accessed with special portals. The player can make Nether portals using obsidian and flint and steel, but End portals have to be found in strongholds. While it is not necessary to go to these dimensions, they have lots of different items and enemies which can not be found in the Overworld. The Ender Dragon can only be fought in the End. After that, the player has a choice of going back to the overworld or to go to the end islands to find an end city and get an Elytra.

Game modes
Game modes

Survival mode 
In survival mode, players can gather resources found in the world to make lots of different items. Some of the items players can make include new blocks, tools, and armor. For example, players can turn wood into planks at the start of the game, which lets them make lots of things, like crafting tables and tools. Players can also place down these planks to build things, like houses.
Players have a health bar and a hunger bar in this mode. The health bar is shown as 10 hearts and the hunger bar is shown as 10 steaks. Each heart and steak is worth two health points and two hunger points, respectively. The health bar depletes when players get attacked by monsters, lose all of their air underwater, walk into lava or cacti, fall from a high place, fall into the void, or if their hunger bar is depleted completely. Players can heal by staying still, drinking healing potions, and/or if they have a full hunger bar. Players will lose hunger by walking, sprinting and jumping too much. If they are low on hunger, they will not be able to sprint. They can fill their hunger bar by eating food.

During the night, monsters come out to fight the player, but players can build a house to protect themselves from these monsters. If a player sleeps in a bed, they can skip the night, and go directly to the next day. However, they are unable to sleep if there are monsters near the bed.
Hardcore mode 
Hardcore mode is like survival mode, but the game is set to the hardest difficulty, which cannot be changed. The player also cannot enable cheats when they create the world and can only do so if they use the "Open to LAN" option in the game menu while they are playing. If a player dies in hardcore mode, they can not respawn, and can only play the world in Spectator Mode. If cheats are enabled, it is possible for the player to play in survival mode again by using commands to change the game mode. This game mode is only available in Java Edition.
Players can also play a special version of hardcore mode known as Ultra Hardcore Mode, which is basically the same as hardcore mode except players do not naturally regenerate health. This mode can be accessed by creating a world in Hardcore mode, enabling cheats using the "Open to LAN" option in the game menu, and using commands to turn off natural health regeneration. The only way the player can regenerate health in this game mode is by using potions, golden apples, suspicious stews, and beacons.

Creative mode 
In creative mode, players have infinite items. This is so they can build whatever they want, instead of having to look for resources. They cannot die and do not have a health bar or hunger bar. However, you can kill a person in creative mode (if you have cheats on) with the /kill command in the Java edition of Minecraft. Players in creative mode can also die if they manage to fall into the void. Players can also optionally fly to reach places they normally couldn't.
Spectator mode 
In spectator mode, players become a "spectator". Spectators can look at the world, but not interact with it, meaning they can't place blocks or use items. They are invisible to other players.

Spectators can fly around the world freely, or they can look at it from the perspective of other players and mobs, meaning they can see what the player or mob sees, as if they were looking through their eyes.

Adventure mode 
Adventure mode is designed for community maps. The player can not place or break blocks or do anything by default.
Multiplayer
Players can play on the same Minecraft world together by using the multiplayer mode. They can connect to an online server by typing in the server's address (usually an IP address), or by making a game on the local area network (LAN). If the player makes a LAN game, only players on the same network can play. Much like the rest of Minecraft, players can choose what they want to do. For example, they can choose to fight each other, or work together and survive. All game modes can be played in multiplayer.

Minecraft Realms
Minecraft Realms are multiplayer servers hosted by Mojang that can be rented by players for a small fee. In Minecraft Realms, there are several "mini-games", which are maps/games created by popular Minecraft users.

Editions

Minecraft: Java Edition 
Minecraft: Java edition was the first version of Minecraft, first released in 2009. It can be played on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Minecraft: Bedrock Edition 
Minecraft: Bedrock Edition is a version of Minecraft focused on playing with other people. It can be played on Windows (10 or higher), Chromebook, Xbox, PS4, Nintendo Switch, Android, iOS and iPadOS.

Minecraft Education 
Minecraft Education is a edition of the game mostly used for schools. Some features of this edition are in Bedrock Edition, but they need to be turned on before making a world. Minecraft Education is a game-based platform that inspires creative, inclusive learning through play. Explore blocky worlds that unlock new ways to take on any subject or challenge.
Minecraft: Pocket Edition 
Minecraft: Pocket Edition is a mobile version of Minecraft for phones and tablets. In 2011, Minecraft: Pocket Edition was released for the Android market as an early version. It was then released for other devices in October 2011. An iOS version was released on November 2011, and a port was made for Windows Phones after Microsoft bought Mojang. The port focuses on the basic building and the survival parts of the game, and does not have all the features of the PC version. On his Twitter account, Jens Bergensten said that the Pocket Edition of Minecraft is in C++ and not Java code, because of iOS not being able to support Java code. However, there now exists a way to play the Java Edition on both Android and iOS devices.

Minecraft: Pocket Edition was replaced by the Bedrock Edition on December 19, 2016.

Other games

Minecraft Dungeons
Minecraft Dungeons is a Dungeon Crawler made by Mojang Studios in 2020. Unlike Minecraft, you cannot jump, mine or build. Instead, you attack enemies to progress.

Minecraft Earth 

Minecraft Earth is a phone game made by Mojang Studios in 2019. It used augmented reality to let players build in real life. You got blocks and mobs from walking around in real life and finding "tappables". The game was shut on the 30th June 2021.

Minecraft Legends 

Minecraft Legends is a strategy role-playing game made by Mojang Studios in 2023. Mobs from the Nether dimension would fight people in the Overworld dimension. The player's role is to attack enemies and defeat the Great Hog. It is the newest Minecraft game.

Reception 
Minecraft received very positive reviews.

Jaz McDougall of PC Gamer said that Minecraft is "intuitively interesting and contagiously fun, with an unparalleled scope for creativity and memorable experiences".

IGN called the blocky graphics "instantly memorable".

Community
Community

Minecraft has a very large community, with many fan forums and multiplayer servers such as Hypixel. The Minecraft community is also one of the largest on YouTube. Many people upload various types of Minecraft content to YouTube, such as parody songs, animations, gameplay, and more. Content made by other players can also be uploaded to platforms such as Forge. Minecraft Live is another YouTube community event that occurs yearly.

Updates 
Minecraft has had many new updates since it first released. These updates are usually announced before they are released. They add lots of new features into the game, such as new blocks, mobs, and items.

Mojang releases smaller development versions called "snapshots" which players can choose to play on Minecraft Launcher. These snapshots have a few new features in them, and are released as the developers are working on the new version. This is so players can try out new features before the full version is released.

References

Notes

Other websites
Other websites

Official website
Minecraft wiki

2011 video games
Windows games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
2009 video games
 
Adventure games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
Indie video games
Microsoft video games
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo Switch games
MacOS games
Online games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Wii U games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Xbox games
Video games developed in Sweden
Marylebone station, also known as London Marylebone, is a central London railway terminus and London Underground station. It is halfway between the mainline stations at Euston and Paddington, being about 1 mile (1.6 km) from each. It was opened on 15 March 1899 by the Great Central Railway.

Related pages
 The Landmark London - the present name of the former Great Central Hotel

Notes

References

Other websites

 Train times and station information for Marylebone railway station from National Rail (Station code: MYB)
 Marylebone Station at Chiltern Railways

Bakerloo line stations
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Tube stations in the City of Westminster
1899 establishments in England
Lucy Katherine Pinder (born 20 December 1983) is an English glamour model. She is from Winchester, Hampshire.

From 2 January 2009, Pinder appeared in the sixth series of Celebrity Big Brother UK. She revealed that she is "a bit of a Tory bird" and that 'thick' people irritate her. She was the first housemate to be voted out, on 9 January (Day 8) with 57% of the public vote. Pinder declared her wish to leave the Big Brother house after being driven to distraction by the incessant rapping of another housemate.

References

Other websites

1983 births
Living people
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English models
People from Hampshire
Winchester
Keeley Rebecca M. Hazell (born 18 September 1986) is a British former Page 3 Girl and glamour model. She was born in Lewisham  and grew up in Grove Park. She went to Ravensbourne School in Bromley. Her mother, Amber, is a dinner lady and her father, Roy, is a window fitter; they separated when she was thirteen.

Notes

References
 "Keeley Hazell Does FHM UK".
 "All hail Keeley". (September 2, 2005). Zoo.
 "Alternative Icons of the Year". (January 2007). Arena.
 Coan, Lee (September 2005). "Top girl". FHM, pp. 74–80.
 "Keeley Got Me Going". (October 2005). 3zine.
 "Topless Special: Keeley". (October 6, 2006). Zoo.
 "Welcome to Keeley World". (December 16, 2005). Zoo.

Other websites

 Official Website
 
 Keeley Hazell  at FHM

1986 births
Living people
Models from London
Sexual conflict is a term in evolutionary biology. It occurs in a species when what benefits the females is different from what benefits the males.

The word 'benefit' here means 'what benefits the reproduction of the female's (or male's) genes. It is expressed as  a difference in biological fitness.

The conflict can lead to an evolutionary arms race between males and females. It has primarily been studied in animals, though it can in principle apply to any sexually reproducing organism, such as plants and fungi.
Fundamental difference of interest 
In sexual reproduction there is, from the point of view of evolution, a fundamental difference of interest between males and females. This difference of interest plays out differently in different species.
Males
Their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population.
Females
Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and varied offspring.
Examples 
A well-documented example is the seminal fluid of Drosophila melanogaster, which up-regulates females' egg-laying rate and reduces her desire to re-mate with another male (serving the male's interests), but also shortens the female's lifespan, so reducing her fitness."A hormone called 'sex peptide'... causes the female to become uninterested in mating... also males have components in their sperm which kill old sperm from previous males".92
The same set of alleles in males and females may have different optima: they are expressed differently in the sexes. A classic example is the human pelvis, where females need larger hips for childbirth. A narrower hip size is better for locomotion. The genes that affect hip size must reach a compromise that is at neither the male optimum nor the female optimum. In some cases, the loci involved are expressed differently in males and females. Evidence indicates that intralocus conflict is important in the evolution of many traits.
Sexual conflict may lead to antagonistic co-evolution, in which one sex (usually males) evolves a favorable trait which is countered by a trait in the other sex. For example, male bean weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) have spiny genitalia. These allow them to copulate for a longer time without getting dislodged, and so transfer more sperm. However, this damages the female and reduces her fitness. Females have evolved the counteradaptation of kicking at males during mating, which reduces the time spent in copulation.
Some regard sexual conflict as a subset of sexual selection (which was traditionally regarded as mutualistic), while others suggest it is a separate evolutionary phenomenon.

Related pages 
Courtship in animals

References 

Evolutionary biology
Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar is the general of the Yemeni army and Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh's half brother. He helped recruit Islamist radicals to fight in Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan War.
On March 21, 2011, Al-Ahmar defected and joined the anti-government Yemeni protesters, along with other top Yemeni army commanders.

References 

Living people
Yemeni people
1945 births
Milan Dudić (born  November, 1st 1979 in Kraljevo, former Yugoslavia, now Serbia) is a former  professional football player from Serbia. He is now playing for SK Sturm Graz as defender in the Austrian t-mobile Liga, the highest division in Austrian football.

He started playing football with amateur teams and began 1998 with FK Cukaricki as professional player. In 2002, he began playing with Red Star Belgrade. He won the Serbian championship two times with the club (2004, 2006) and the cup also (2004, 2006). In 2006, he played with the national team of Serbia and Montenegro at the FIFA World Cup in Germany. All together he played 13 matches for the national team. In 2006, he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. With Red Bull Salzburg he won the Austrian Championship three times. In 2011, his contract faded and he went to SK Sturm Graz.

Honours

Serbian Superliga(2): 2004, 2006
Serbia and Montenegro Cup (2): 2004, 2006
Austrian Bundesliga (3): 2007, 2009, 2010
Other websites 
Milan Dudic (Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg)

Gallery

1979 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
Chelonia is a name for the whole order of turtles, and for a particular turtles:

Chelonia, a name for all turtles. Nowadays Testudines is often preferred.
Chelonia mydas, the Green sea turtle.

Sources
Brett DiBiase (born March 16, 1988) is an American professional wrestler. He currently has a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment. He wrestles in their farm team in Florida Championship Wrestling, where he gains experience before going national. He was a FCW Florida Tag Team Championship.

Personal life
DiBiase's stepgrandfather Michael DiBiase, his grandmother Helen Hild, and his father Ted DiBiase were professional wrestlers. His older half brother Mike DiBiase II and his older brother Ted DiBiase, Jr. are also professional wrestlers. On March 27, 2010, DiBiase and his brother Ted Jr. induct their father into the WWE Hall of Fame.

On June 9, 2009, DiBiase married his high school sweetheart Leah Nicole May.

References

Other websites 

 Florida Championship Wrestling profile
 Online World of Wrestling profile

1988 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Mississippi
Passover () is a religious holiday or festival noted by ceremonies each year, mostly by Jewish people. They celebrate it to remember when God used Moses to free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, as told in the book of Exodus in the Bible. God told Moses to set aside this special week originally called "the feast of unleavened bread". During this time, the people eat special foods, do special rituals and sing songs. Passover is around the time of Easter (March/April) each year.

The Last Supper was probably a Passover Seder.

Second Passover
The "Second Passover" (Pesach Sheni) on the 14th of Iyar in the Hebrew Calendar is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as a make-up day for people who were unable to offer the Passover sacrifice at the appropriate time.

References

Jewish festivals and holidays
Carbon fixation is how gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into a solid compound. It occurs in autotrophs during the Calvin cycle and in some heterotrophs.

Carbon
Biochemistry
2 Pallas (symbol: ) is the second asteroid discovered in the solar system. It was discovered by Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers on March 28, 1802. 2 Pallas is named after Pallas Athena, an alternate name for the goddess Athena.

2 Pallas has a mass estimated to be 7% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. The asteroid is the third largest asteroid in terms of mass and the second largest in terms of diameter.

References

Pallas
Paul Michael Glaser (born March 25, 1943) is an American actor and director.

Career 
He began his career in the TV series Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (1967). In 1972 he had a role in the film starring Goldie Hawn, Butterflies Are Free (1972), and in the TV movies Aces Up (1974), with Raul Julia, and Trapped Beneath the Sea (1974), with Lee J. Cobb.

In 1976 he played Harry Houdini in the TV movie: The Great Houdini. Followed starred in the movies Phobia (1980), as Dr. Peter Ross, Wait Till Your Mother Gets Home! TV (1983), and Attack on Fear TV (1984), he plays the role of a journalist who reports cases of corruption in a small town.

Glaser had a great director career as a film and television. He directed Arnold Schwarzenegger in The Running Man (1987). He also directed episodes of the series: Starsky and Hutch, Miami Vice, Otherworld, The Agency, Mister Sterling, Robbery Homicide Division, Judging Amy, Third Watch, and many more.

Starsky and Hutch
Starsky and Hutch 

His best known role was that of Det. Dave Starsky in American TV series Starsky and Hutch. The series is about two friends police, Dave Starsky and Ken Hutchinson; David Soul, to solve all kinds of cases. The series ran between 1975 and 1979. And they filmed 82 episodes. Glaser and Soul have a small role in the movie Starsky & Hutch (2004).
 
He was a guest star on the TV series: Cannon (1972), The Streets of San Francisco (1972), The Waltons (1973), Kojak (1974), The Closer (2008), Criminal Minds (2008), Numb3rs (2008), and The Mentalist (2009).

References 
Paul Michael Glaser official web site 

Paul Michael Glaser  at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
Fansite about Paul Michael Glaser and David Soul 
The Paul Michael Glaser Web Experience 

American movie actors
American movie directors
Actors from Massachusetts
1943 births
Living people
"S&M" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is about BDSM. It is the third single off her studio album Loud (2010). Another version of the song featuring pop singer Britney Spears was released after Rihanna instructed fans to vote for an artist to be featured on the remix of the song.  It has charted successfully in twelve countries. It hit number one in the United States, Canada, and Australia, while reaching the top three in the United Kingdom.

"S&M" was the 12th-best performing song of 2011 in the U.S. and UK and the 20th-best performing in Canada.
The genre of this song is Eurodance.

Music video
The music video was directed by Melanie Matsoukas, who has worked with other artists like Beyoncé.  The video was banned from YouTube because it was sexually explicit.  However, it is available for users who are signed into their accounts and over the age of 18.

References

Other websites

2011 songs
BDSM-related media
Rihanna songs
Songs about sexuality
Eurodance songs
R&B songs
"Coffee & TV" is a song by the British rock band Blur. The song was released on the 1999 album 13. "Coffee & TV" reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and number 26 on the Irish Singles Chart.

Chart performance

References

1999 songs
Blur (band) songs
Vernon is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Vernon is in the south-central region of British Columbia and is the largest city in the North Okanagan region. It is named after Forbes George Vernon, a former member of government in British Columbia. Including the areas around it, Vernon has a population of 58,584 as of the Canada 2011 Census. A person who lives in Vernon is called a "Vernonite".

Vernon was named one of the top six most desirable communities to retire to in North America by Consumer Reports in 2005. Vernon has a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) ice hockey team called the Vernon Vipers.
History 
The site of the city was discovered by the Okanagan First Nations people, who named the community Nintle Moos Chin, which means "jumping over place where the creek narrows". This name refers to a section of the Swan Lake that passes through Downtown Vernon, the community's central business district. The Okanagan people settled around the city's two lakes, Okanagan Lake and Swan Lake, eating seasonal foods. Later, the land was renamed Priest's Valley because of the priests living in the valley around 1859. A town was created in 1885 and was named Vernon in 1887 in honour of Forbes George Vernon, a settler who became part of the British Columbian government.

Vernon started to develop in 1863, when gold was found in the surrounding lands. Centreville, the community's original business district, was formed in 1885. Vernon became an economic hub in the Okanagan because of its many cattle ranches and fruit orchard areas that attracted British families.
Vernon's growth quickened in 1891 after the Canadian Pacific Railway was opened in the Okanagan and Shuswap regions of British Columbia. Shortly after, the river boat S.S. Aberdeen was launched in 1893 to connect Vernon to other parts of the Okanagan. Fruit trees first grew in Vernon by the early 1890s, while water supplies were supplied to the community by canals by 1906. In 1908, the Okanagan Mounted Rifles military program was created, bringing a number of people to the area during World War I and World War II for lessons.

Vernon was incorporated as a city on December 30, 1892, with a city hall built in 1903 that included a fire hall and a public reading space. The following year, it was declared the largest municipality in the Okanagan and the first to contain a bank and telephone.

Other websites
Town of Vernon's Official website

References 

Cities in British Columbia
Salmon Arm is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Salmon Arm is found in the Shuswap Country of the Southern Interior. The population of Salmon Arm was 17,464 in 2011. The mayor of Salmon Arm is Nancy Cooper.

Salmon Arm has an ice hockey team in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) called the Salmon Arm Silverbacks.

References

Other websites
Town of Salmon Arm's Official website

Cities in British Columbia
Castlegar is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Castlegar is in the West Kootenay region in British Columbia. There were 7,259 people in Castlegar at the 2006 consensus. Castlegar is the second largest place in the West Kootenay region.

Other websites
Town of Castlegar's Official website

Cities in British Columbia
1946 establishments
1940s establishments in Canada
Albin Planinc or Albin Planinec (18 April 1944 – 20 December 2008) was a chess Grandmaster from Slovenia. He won the Slovenian Chess Championship in 1968 and 1971.

Planinc enjoyed playing old, rarely used openings, and had an tactical style of play that led to some brilliant wins, but also some bad losses. His playing career ended by age 35 because he struggled with a mental illness, but he went on to become a trainer.

References

Other websites
Player profile at ChessGames.com

1944 births
2008 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Slovenian sportspeople
Yugoslavian chess players‎
Robert Vaughn (November 22, 1932 – November 11, 2016) was an American actor.

Career 
Without being listed in the credits, Robert Vaughn appeared in The Ten Commandments (1956). This  was his first job in movies. Two years later he starred in the science fiction movie Teenage Cave Man.

In 1959, he was nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and Laurel Awards for "best supporting actor" for his role in The Young Philadelphians (1959), with Paul Newman. His second major role was in the movie directed by John Sturges, The Magnificent Seven (1960). The movie also starred Yul Brynner and Steve McQueen. Vaughn played an expert gunman. He was one of the 7 Magnificent that helped the peasants.
In 1967, he starred in action movie The Venetian Affair, directed by Jerry Thorpe. A year later, he had a role in Bullitt (1968), with Steve McQueen. For this work Robert Vaughn was nominated for a BAFTA Award, for "Best Supporting Actor". In 1969 he starred with George Segal, in the war movie The Bridge at Remagen (1969).   Then in 1970, has the role of Servilius Casca in Julius Caesar, with Charlton Heston.

In Irwin Allen Production's, The Towering Inferno (1974), Vaughn played Senator Parker. He was one of the people who are trapped in the tower.

His other movie credits include Starship Invasions (1977), with Christopher Lee and directed by Ed Hunt, Brass Target  (1978), Virus (1980) and The Delta Force (1986), with Chuck Norris.
    
He also worked on Superman III (1983) as Ross Webster.
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. 
Robert Vaughn is widely known for playing the role of agent Napoleon Solo in NBC TV series The Man from U.N.C.L.E., with David McCallum. He played Napoleon Solo for 104 episodes of the series between 1964 and 1968

Success was so great that there were several movies. These included To Trap a Spy (1964), The Spy with My Face (1965), One Spy Too Many (1966), One of Our Spies is Missing (1966), The Spy in the Green Hat (1966), The Karate Killers (1967), The Helicopter Spies (1968), How to Steal the World (1968).

In 1983 Vaughn and McCallum were reunited for the TV movie The Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E.: The Fifteen Years Later Affair.

In 1965 and 1966 Robert Vaughn was nominated twice for the Golden Globe Award as Best TV Star - Male for The Man from U.N.C.L.E.

Television
Television 

In 1963 he starred in her first television series The Lieutenant, as Captain Ray Rambridge. In 1970s worked in the TV mini-series Captains and the Kings (1976), Washington: Behind Closed Doors (1977), and Centennial (1978-1979). Robert Vaughn also worked for the British television. He starred in series The Protectors (1972-1974). Vaughn played the role of Harry Rule for 52 episodes of the series.  In 1986, he was hired to play the role of General Hunt Stockwell, in The A-Team, with George Peppard.

He also worked in the television western The Magnificent Seven (1998) as Judge Oren Travis.
Vaughn has been guest star on many TV series. These include Frontier (1956), Gunsmoke (1956 - 1957), The Rifleman (1958), Law of the Plainsman (1959), Thriller (1961), Police Woman (1975-1976), Columbo (1976), Hawaii 5-0 (1979), The Love Boat (1981), Stingray (1986), Hunter (1989), Murder, She Wrote (1985-1992), Kung Fu: The Legend Continues (1993), Walker, Texas Ranger (1996), Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2006) and Little Britain USA.

He received an Emmy Award as supporting actor, for TV movie Washington: Behind Closed Doors.

Between 2004 and 2011, Vaughn starred in the series Hustle.

References 

 
 
 
 

1932 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winners
Actors from New York City
Mike Shaw (May 9, 1957 – September 11, 2010) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring names, Norman The Lunatic and Bastion Booger. He was married to his wife and they had two children. He died on September 11, 2010 due to a heart attack.

Championships
Shaw held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

NWA All-Star Wrestling
NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version) (two times) with Danny O (one) and Dean Ho (one)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #403 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.

Stampede Wrestling
Stampede International Tag Team Championship (two times) with Vulkan Singh (one) and Jerry Morrow (one)
Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (three times)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Most Embarrassing Wrestler in 1993
Worst Worked Match of the Year in 1993 with Bam Bam Bigelow and The Headshrinkers vs. The Bushwhackers and Men on a Mission at Survivor Series

1957 births
2010 deaths
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Michigan
Robert William Holley (January 28, 1922; Urbana, Illinois – February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he won for describing the structures for alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis.

References

1922 births
1993 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Urbana, Illinois
Marcus Alexander Bagwell (born January 10, 1970 in Marietta, Georgia) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, Buff Bagwell.

Championships
Bagwell held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
AWA Superstars of Wrestling
AWA Superstars of Wrestling World Tag Team Championship (one time) with The Patriot
Cleveland All-Pro World Wrestling
CAPW Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Great American Wrestling Federation
GAWF Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Great Championship Wrestling
GCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Scott Steele
Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (two times, current)
Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (three times, current) with Dusty Rhodes (one), and Rikki Nelson (two)
North American Championship Wrestling
NACW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Ricky Morton
NWA Blue Ridge
NWA Blue Ridge Television Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #221 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
Ultimate NWA
Ultimate NWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Championship Wrestling
WCW World Tag Team Championship (five times) with 2 Cold Scorpio (one), The Patriot (two), Scotty Riggs (one), and Shane Douglas (one)
Rookie of the Year in 1991
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Most Embarrassing Wrestler in 2001
Others
Georgia All State Tag Team Championship (one time) with Chris Walker
Michigan Midwest Heavyweight Championship (one time)
RCW (Tennessee) Heavyweight Championship (one time)
1970 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Marietta, Georgia
Jamar Shipman (born April 21, 1985 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is an American professional wrestler who currently wrestles for Ring of Honor (ROH) under the ring name, Jay Lethal. He is probably best known for wrestling for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2005 to 2011.

Championships
Lethal has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
American Championship Entertainment
ACE Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mo Sexton
American Wrestling Alliance
AWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)
AWA Lightweight Championship (one time)
AWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Rob Vegas
Big Time Wrestling
BTW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
International High Powered Wrestling
IHPW Diamond Division Championship (one time)
IHPW United States Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Jersey All Pro Wrestling
JAPW Heavyweight Championship (two times)
JAPW Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
JAPW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Azrieal
JAPW Television Championship (one time)
Jersey City Rumble in 2009
Jersey Championship Wrestling
JCW J-Cup Championship (one time)
JCW Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
JCW Television Championship (one time)
Millennium Wrestling Federation
MWF Television Championship (one time)
National Wrestling Superstars
NWS/WSU King and Queen of the Ring Tournament in 2009 with Miss April
Politically Incorrect Wrestling
PIW World Championship (one time)
Pro-Wrestling ELITE
PWE Interstate Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #27 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008
Ring of Honor
ROH Pure Championship (one time)
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Consequences Creed
TNA X Division Championship (six times)
World X Cup in 2006 with Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Alex Shelley
X Division Wrestler of the Year in 2007
Unreal Championship Wrestling
UCW United States Heavyweight Championship (one time)
UCW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Worked Match of the Year in 2006 (TNA Reverse Battle Royal at TNA Impact!)
Other websites
Official website 
ROH profile 

1985 births
Living people
All Elite Wrestling people
American professional wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
Sportspeople from New Jersey
The Lamborghini Miura is a sports car that was built by Lamborghini from 1966 to 1972. The Miura is named after the fighting bull. It was designed by Marcello Gandini. 764 automobiles were produced.

References

Other websites
Lamborghini's Official website

Miura
Coupes
Sports cars
1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
Chase Field is the home baseball park of the Arizona Diamondbacks. It is in downtown Phoenix, Arizona. The Diamondbacks moved into Chase Field in 1998 when the team was established. At that time the stadium was called Bank One Ballpark, or "The BOB". It was renamed Chase Field after the merger of Bank One with Chase. Chase Field also hosted the NCAA Insight Bowl from 2000 to 2005.

References

Other websites

 Stadium site on dbacks.com 
 Official website 

Major League Baseball venues
Buildings and structures in Arizona
Arizona Diamondbacks
Sports in Phoenix, Arizona
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Arizona
M&T Bank Stadium is the home football stadium of the Baltimore Ravens. It is in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens moved into M&T Bank Stadium in 1998 after spending a two years in Memorial Stadium. M&T Bank Stadium has also hosted the NCAA Lacrosse Final Four in 2003, 2004 and 2007.

References

Other websites

 Stadium site on baltimoreravens.com 

National Football League venues
Baltimore Ravens
Sports buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Maryland
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Maryland
Lorne Greene (February 12, 1915 – September 11, 1987), was a Canadian actor and singer.

Career 

Greene was born on February 12, 1915 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His first movie was Churchill's Island (1941), as narrator. He was in films such as The Silver Chalice (1954), Autumn Leaves (1956), with Joan Crawford, Peyton Place (1957), with Lana Turner, The Buccaneer (1958), with Yul Brynner, and Earthquake (1974), with Charlton Heston.

Greene also had roles in some low-budget westerns, including The Last of the Fast Guns (1958), The Hangman (1959),  
 
He also worked on the Japanese film Nippon chinbotsu (1974).

Bonanza 
Greene gained fame in 1959 starring in the NBC western Bonanza. He played role of Ben Cartwright, the owner of the Ponderosa Ranch in Virginia City.
Also in the series were Pernell Roberts as Adam Cartwright, Michael Landon as Joseph 'Little Joe' Cartwright, and Dan Blocker as Eric 'Hoss' Cartwright. 

The series was a success and lasted for 14 seasons between 1959 and 1973.

Television