Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Avezzano is a city in central of Italy located in the Province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo Region. About 42,000 people live in Avezzano.

References

Cities in L'Aquila
At the 2016 Democratic National Convention, delegates of the United States Democratic Party chose their nominees for President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2016 national election. It was held July 25–28, 2016, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, with some events at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, beginning exactly one week after the 2016 Republican National Convention. The candidates were former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of New York, and United States senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont.

There are 4,764 delegates to the Democratic National Convention, so a candidate needs a simple majority of 2,383 delegates including "superdelegates" to win the presidential nomination. On June 6, 2016,  Clinton won the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, becoming the presumptive candidate.

References

2016 in Pennsylvania
July 2016 events
2010s in Philadelphia
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic
United States presidential nominating conventions
Jim Clark (24 May 1931 – 25 February 2016) was a British movie editor with more than forty feature-movie credits from 1956 to 2008. Clark has also directed eight features and short movies. His best-known works are Midnight Cowboy (as creative consultant-1969), Marathon Man (1976), The Killing Fields (1984), and Vera Drake (2004). In 2011, Clark published Dream Repairman: Adventures in Film Editing, which is a memoir of his career.

References

1931 births
2016 deaths
Academy Award winning editors
BAFTA Award winners
Boston, Lincolnshire]
English movie directors
People from Lincolnshire
British movie editors
The 2016 Democratic Party global presidential primary for Democrats Abroad happened March 1–8, 2016. E-mail, fax, and postal voting started January 11 and ended March 8.

Voters voted once for a presidential candidate: either through Democrats Abroad, or through their home state. Those who vote in the Democrats Abroad global presidential primary may vote or caucus for all other candidates for the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, in their home states. They cannot vote twice for a presidential candidate.

Sanders won the primary by 69% to Clinton's 31% winning 44 out of the 45 international cities.

Results
The results given on 21 March were:

References

March 2016 events
Democratic Party (United States)
2016 United States presidential election
United States presidential primary elections
Tasmanian oak (or Australian oak) is hardwood timber made from some types of Eucalyptus trees in Tasmania. The trees for making Tasmanian oak are Eucalyptus regnans, Eucalyptus obliqua or Eucalyptus delegatensis. It is a light-coloured type of wood. It is used for building, furniture and paper.

Wood from the same species of trees in Victoria is called Victorian ash.

References

Tasmania
Wood
Eucalyptus
Drush is a free and open source software application that allows people to install and change drupal websites. The name "drush" means "drupal shell". People who install drush can do all these things using the command line, or terminal of a computer. This makes managing a website that uses drupal faster and more efficient. According to GitHub, drush has been downloaded more than 788,000 times as of March, 2016.

References

Free software
Web software
Drupal  is a free and open source software application that is installed on servers.   When installed and configured, Drupal helps people make websites that are secure, safe, and stable.   Drupal also allows users to share modules with each other.  Modules are like building blocks that when installed make new features available.

As of February 2016, more than 1.3 million websites use Drupal.
Drupal is well supported, and many high level websites are built with it including whitehouse.gov.

References

Free software
Web design
In law, a majority opinion is a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court.  A majority opinion becomes the decision of the court in a matter. It also gives an explanation of the reasons for the court's decision.

Decisions 
A dissenting opinion is an opinion written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court. Very similar to a majority opinion is a plurality opinion. In this instance, a majority of Justices agree on the result of a case, but do not all agree on the reasons for the result.  

In the United States Supreme Court, a majority of the Justices have to agree with all of the contents of the Court's opinion before it can be published. In a few cases, after reading drafts of the opinions, Justices may switch their votes and what was the minority opinion becomes the majority opinion. No opinion is considered official until it is read in open court or made available publicly.
Tie votes 
Normally, appellate courts (or panels) are staffed with an odd number of judges to avoid a tie vote. Sometimes and in some jurisdictions, when judicial positions are vacant or a judge has recused (excuse) himself or herself from the case, the court may be stuck with a tie. In this situation the decision of the lower Court stands.

References

Other websites 
 Supreme Court of the United States
 The Opinion-Writing Process

Legal terms
History 
In its earliest form a writ was simply a written order made by the English king to a specified person to undertake a specified action. For example in the feudal era a military summons by the king to one of his tenants-in-chief to appear dressed for battle with his knights at a certain place and time. An early usage survives in the United Kingdom. Also in Canada in a writ of election. This was is a written order issued on behalf of the monarch (in Canada, the Governor General) to local officials (High Sheriffs of every county in historical UK) to hold a general election. Writs were used by the medieval English kings to summon persons to Parliament.

Types of writs 
There have been a great many kinds of writs. Some of the more common types still in use are:
Writ of Habeas corpus: A legal document ordering a person who has been arrested to come before a court.
 Writ of Mandamus: This directs a government department or official to take an action.
 Writ of Prohibition: This writ directs a public authority not to take a specified action. Usually issued by appellate courts to lower courts.
 Writ of Certiorari (abbreviated Cert.): A kind of writ issued by an appellate court to review cases from a lower court.
 Writ of Quo warranto: A type of writ used to challenge the legality of someone holding a public office.
 Writ of Coram nobis: A writ issued by an appeals court to a lower court to correct a previous error.

References 

Legal terms
Documents
The Eleventh Amendment (Amendment XI) to the United States Constitution was passed by Congress on March 4, 1794 and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. It deals with each state's sovereign immunity and was adopted to overrule the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia.

Text

Lawsuits against states 
The idea of sovereign immunity originated in English common law. It was also proposed by political theorists like Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin. The founding fathers of the Constitution were aware of the traditional doctrine that states were immune from private lawsuits. Several Anti-Federalists were afraid that Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which declares that the federal judicial power extends to suits "between a State and Citizens of another State", would override that doctrine.
The Eleventh Amendment was a direct reaction to an unpopular ruling by the Supreme Court in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793). In Chisholm the Court said federal courts had the power to hear lawsuits brought by citizens against US states. Also, that states were not immune to these cases. The Eleventh Amendment reversed this decision and does not allow cases brought against a state by a citizen of another state or country. It says nothing about a citizen bringing a suit against their own state.

In Ex parte Young, the Supreme Court decision allowed suits in federal courts against officials acting on behalf of states of the union to proceed despite the State's sovereign immunity, when the State acted unconstitutionally.

The Eleventh Amendment is one of five amendments that overturned earlier Supreme Court decisions.

References

Other websites 
 Eleventh Amendment Limitations on Federal Power

11
1790s in the United States
Johnnie L Cochran, Jr. (October 2, 1937 – March 29, 2005) was an American lawyer. He is best known for his part in the acquittal of O. J. Simpson for the murder of Simpson's ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. Cochran also represented many different celebrities and victims. Cochran became known as an early advocate for the victims of police brutality. Cochran helped Sean Combs win an acquittal after being indicted on stolen weapons charges and bribery in 2001. After the case, he decided to retire.

On March 29, 2005, Cochran died from a brain tumor in his home in Los Angeles, aged 67.

References

Other websites
The Cochran Firm's website

1937 births
2005 deaths
African American lawyers
American Christians
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Louisiana
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
Lawyers from Louisiana
Lawyers from Los Angeles
A crypt is a room, or group of rooms, underneath a church where bodies are put after a person dies. It usually has coffins, religious items, and other trinkets for the dead.

Related pages
 Catacomb
 Tomb

Burial monuments and structures
are two role-playing video games. They are published by The Pokémon Company and developed by Game Freak. They were released for the Nintendo 3DS. The games were released on 18 November 2016 in North America, Australia and Japan, and 23 November 2016 in Europe, commemorating the Pokémon franchise's 20th anniversary.

On February 25, the games' existence was leaked after the trademarks were found on the EU's Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market's website. Sun and Moon were officially announced in a Pokémon Nintendo Direct.

Story
Pokémon Sun and Moon take place in a region called Alola. Alola has warm weather and is made up of four large islands. The player is given a Pokémon and goes on a journey around Alola. The player can catch and raise other Pokémon as they explore. While exploring, the player sometimes has to fight Team Skull. Team Skull are a group of people who want to destroy things and cause trouble. And some Pokémon have a special Alolan form!

References

Other websites
Official website
2016 video games
Nintendo 3DS games
Pokémon RPGs
Video games developed in Japan
Johann Georg, Prince von Hohenzollern (Johann Georg Carl Leopold Eitel-Friedrich Meinrad Maria Hubertus Michael; 31 July 1932 – 2 March 2016) was a German prince. Through his marriage to Princess Birgitta of Sweden, he was brother-in-law of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.

Prince Johann Georg was the sixth child of Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern (30 August 1891 – 6 February 1965) and his wife Princess Margarete Karola of Saxony (24 January 1900 – 16 October 1962).

Goerg died on 2 March 2016 in Munich. He was 83 years old.

References

Other websites

1932 births
2016 deaths
German princes and princesses
Stuart Jay Beck (December 23, 1946 – March 1, 2016) was an American law practitioner and a diplomat for Palau.

Beck was born in Manhattan. He was raised in Brooklyn.

As a lawyer, Beck helped negotiate the Compact of Free Association, which established Palau as an independent nation in free association with the United States in 1994. He was granted honorary citizenship.

In 2003, he accepted the job as Palau's first Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He had this job until 2013. In 2013, he was appointed as Palau's first ever United Nations Ambassador for Oceans and Seas.

Beck died of kidney cancer on March 1, 2016 in Manhattan, at the age of 69.

References

1946 births
2016 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
Lawyers from New York City
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from kidney cancer
Harvard University alumni
People from Brooklyn
People from Manhattan
Yale University alumni
A wage is money that is paid by an employer to an employee in exchange for work. The amount may be fixed for each task completed (this is called piece rate); or it may be based on time or other measurable quantity of work done.

Work for wages is the most common form of work. Because of this, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all forms of employee payment. However, a wage is different to a salary or commission. A salary is where the employer pays an arranged amount at regular intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked or amount of work done. Commission is usually an extra payment based on the performance of the worker or product. Waged employees may also receive "tips" paid directly by clients. They will usually not get the same benefits as those paid with a salary, such as annual leave and sick leave.
Wages are usually paid by the hour. This is called an hourly wage. Wages paid by the day are still common. Wage rates may be influenced by market forces (supply and demand), laws, and tradition. Market forces are perhaps more dominant in the United States, while tradition, social structure and seniority, perhaps play a greater role in Japan. In many countries, laws set a minimum wage that all employers must pay their workers. This means that employers cannot pay workers a lower rate than the minimum wage; however, they can pay them a higher rate. The minimum wage rate is there to protect the working class.

Wages were paid in the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome.

References

Other websites

 
 Salary and wages data collection 

Employment
Labor
Income
Aubrey Kerr McClendon (July 14, 1959 – March 2, 2016) was an American businessman. He was the founder and chief executive officer of American Energy Partners. He was also the co-founder and retired chief executive officer and chairman of Chesapeake Energy. He was an outspoken supporter for natural gas as a cleaner and safer alternative to oil and coal fuels. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

McClendon was a part-owner of the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and was part of the ownership that moved the team to Oklahoma City in 2008.

On March 1, 2016, McClendon was charged by the United States Department of Justice of conspiring "to rig bids for the purchase of oil and natural gas leases in northwest Oklahoma". He died the following day in a car crash near Oklahoma City. He was 56 years old.

References

1959 births
2016 deaths

American chief executives
Businesspeople from Oklahoma
People from Oklahoma City
Road accident deaths in the United States
The Dionysian Mysteries were a ritual of ancient Greece and Rome celebrating Dionysus. The ritual involved intoxicants (like alcohol) and dancing to music to remove inhibitions and social constraints. It gave freedom to those marginalized by Greek society such as women, slaves and foreigners.

Greek mythology
Willie Junior Maxwell II (born June 7, 1991), better known as Fetty Wap, is an American rapper and singer. He became famous after his first single "Trap Queen", reached number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in May 2015. This helped Wap secure a record deal with 300 Entertainment. He later released two Top 10 singles in the U.S., "679" and "My Way". Wap's self titled first album was released in September 2015. It reached number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.

Career

2014–2015: Beginnings and first album
Fetty Wap's commercial first single, titled "Trap Queen", was released in early 2014. He recorded the song in February 2014. However, it did not gain major recognition until mid-November 2014. Since then, it has become a platinum record and has over 130 million plays on SoundCloud. In November 2014, Wap  secured a recording contract with 300 Entertainment. The label was founded by Lyor Cohen, Kevin Liles, Roger Gold and Todd Moscowitz, as well as a distribution deal with Atlantic Records. The song "Trap Queen" is about a woman dealing and cooking crack cocaine. His first mixtape, Fetty Wap: The Mixtape was originally set for release in February 2015. It was delayed because he continued to create new songs. In June 2015, Wap was included in XXL'''s 2015 Freshman Class.
On June 29, 2015, Wap released his second single "679". The song's accompanying music video premiered on YouTube in May, before being commercially released. 679 had an original version with Monty only and an added verse by Wap. The Remy Boyz Version was removed from the album His next single, "My Way", became his second top 10 entry on the Billboard Hot 100. Later, Drake remixed My Way and created the version that was then played on radio. Afterwards, "679" reached the Hot 100 Top 10 at number four.
During the week of July 26, 2015 to August 1, 2015, Wap matched Billboard marks by prominent rappers Eminem and Lil Wayne. He became the first male rapper with three songs occupying the top 20 spots on the Billboard Hot 100 chart since Eminem did so in 2013. He also became the first male rapper in four years to have concurrent singles reach the top 10 of the same chart since Lil Wayne did so in 2011. With his fourth single "Again", Wap became the first act in the Hot Rap Songs chart's 26-year history to chart his first four entries in the top 10 simultaneously.

Wap's first studio album Fetty Wap was released on September 25, 2015. The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, with 129,000 equivalent album units (75,484 in pure album sales). Wap subsequently released two mixtapes for streaming only: Coke Zoo in collaboration with French Montana and ZOO 16: The Mixtape with Zoo Gang. Wap received two nominations at the 58th Grammy Awards.
2016–present: Zoovier and other releases
On February 5, 2016, Fetty Wap released a new single titled "Jimmy Choo". On April 26, 2016, it was announced that Fetty Wap would be getting his own mobile racing game available on phone, tablet, and Apple TV starting on May 3. The game is offshoot of mobile game Nitro Nation Stories. A street racing game, it has multi-player, car customization, and different storylines to choose. It has partnered with automotive brands like BMW, Nissan, and Cadillac. The Fetty Wap version will include Wap and Monty into the storyline.

Wap was featured on the group Fifth Harmony's 2016 single "All in My Head (Flex)". He released the single "Wake Up" in April 2016. The official music video for the song was filmed at his alma mater, Eastside High School. His single "Make You Feel Good" was released in August 2016.

On November 21, 2016, he released a 19 track mixtape titled Zoovier.

His song "Like a Star" features Nicki Minaj. It was released in December 2016.
On January 4, 2017, he released the song "Way You Are" featuring Monty, and the song "Flip Phone" on February 10, 2017. He walked in Philipp Plein's runway show during New York Fashion Week in the same month.

Wap released the single "Aye" on May 12, 2017. He released the mixtape Lucky No. 7 on June 7, 2017. On August 18, 2017, the single "There She Go" featuring Monty was released. In October 2017, Wap featured in Cheat Codes' single "Feels Great" with CVBZ.

At 1:20 AM on November 2, 2017, Wap was arrested after being pulled over on a Brooklyn highway. He was later charged with reckless endangerment, drunk driving, aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle, illegally changing lanes, and drag racing.

On January 19, 2018, Wap released the EP For My Fans III: The Final Chapter. He released the mixtape Bruce Wayne in June 2018.
Personal life
Fetty Wap is the father of seven children. They include Aydin Zoovier (born 2011) with childhood girlfriend Ariel Reese, Eliza "ZaZa" Zaviera (born 2015) with Lehzae Zeona, Amani (born 2016) with Elaynna Parker, Khari (born 2016) with Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood star Masika Kalysha, Lauren (2016-2021) with exotic dancer Turquoise Miami, and Alaiya (born 2018) with ex-girlfriend Alexis Skyy. Lezhae Zeona gave birth to her second child with Fetty in 2018, a boy named Zy.

Wap appeared on the third season on VH1's reality show Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood''. The show documented his strained relationship with Masika. He also appeared on the 9th season of Love & Hip Hop: New York documenting his strained relationship with Alexis Skyy.

In August 2021, Wap's daughter Lauren died.

Discography

Studio albums

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1991 births
Living people
African-American rappers
African American musicians
American hip hop singers
Musicians from New Jersey
Rappers from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
Atlantic Records artists
American singers
American songwriters
Kentucky State University (KSU) is a public university for men and women. It is in Frankfort, Kentucky. The school was founded in 1886. Its original name was the State Normal School for Colored Persons. 

The university has four colleges. It offers four associate degrees, 55 undergraduate degrees and six post-graduate programs.

References

Colleges and universities in Kentucky
1886 establishments in the United States
Historically black colleges and universities
1880s establishments in Kentucky
The Golden Gate is a historical gate in Gdańsk, Poland. It is a stone building with an archway leading into the Old Town. It was built in 1612. It was created in the place of an older 13th-century Gothic gate called the Brama Długouliczna.

Gates
Gdańsk
Buildings and structures in Poland
The Valley of the Queens ( ) is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharaohs were buried in ancient times. In ancient times, it was known as Ta-Set-Neferu, meaning –"the place of beauty".

X1:G1-Q1-X1:O1-F35-F35-F35
The reason for choosing the Valley of the Queens as a burial site is not known. The place is near the worker's village in Deir el-Medina and the Valley of the Kings.  Another consideration may be the existence of a sacred grotto dedicated to Hathor at the entrance of the Valley. This grotto may be associated with rejuvenation for the dead.

The main wadi contains 91 tombs and nearby valleys add another 19 tombs.

References 

Ancient Egyptian queens
Luxor Governorate
Burial monuments and structures
Archaeological sites in Egypt
2nd millennium BC buildings and structures
The emergency department (ED) is a part of a hospital for treating people who have just come to the hospital, need to be treated quickly even without an appointment. These people may have been hurt, or they may have suddenly become very ill.

Patients come to an emergency department with little warning. Many come in an ambulance. Emergency departments often have staff working all day and all night, on every day of the week. This is because patients can arrive at any time. To work in those places, doctors and nurses must be trained in emergency medicine.

There are many different names for an emergency department. They are often called an emergency room (ER), even if they are bigger than one room. They may also be called an emergency ward (EW) or emergency unit. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, they are usually called accident & emergency department (A&E) and less often as a casualty department.
USA
A 2005 patient study found an average emergency room wait time from 2 hours in Iowa to more than 5 hours in Arizona. The Midwest had the highest number of emergency room visits (460 per 1,000 people). The West had the lowest number.

References

Emergency medicine
Gynecology (also spelled gynaecology) is the part of medicine that deals with the female reproductive system (vagina, uterus, ovaries) and breasts. Outside medicine, it means "the science of women."

Women have started to outnumber men in the study and practice of gynecology.

References

Obstetrics and gynecology
Female reproductive system
The Transantarctic Mountains are a mountain range in the continent of Antarctica. It divides the continent into eastern and western region. It extends for over 3200 km.

The Antarctic Peninsula to the west is not part of this range.

Life in the interior of the Transantarctic Range is limited to bacteria, lichens, algae and fungi.

The name "Transantarctic Mountains" was first used in 1960, in a paper by geologist Warren Hamilton.

References 

Mountains of Antarctica
Mountain ranges
John Singer Sargent (January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American artist. He was the leading portrait painter of his day.

During his career, he created about 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as many sketches and charcoal drawings. He travelled worldwide. His parents were American, but he was trained in Paris, and then moved to London.

His "Portrait of Madame X" resulted in scandal, though today it is hard to see why. She was thought to be somewhat loose sexually. In the original portrait as exhibited, one strap of her gown had fallen down her right shoulder. This suggested to some the possibility of further revelation; "One more struggle", wrote a critic in Le Figaro, "and the lady will be free".
Sargent visited Spain, studied Diego Velázquez, and was entranced with Spanish music and dance. He understood what the Impressionists were doing, and adopted their habit of painting en plein-air. He was a big fan of Monet, and bought four of his works. His portrait of Monet shows he understood what was going on in French art at the time.

Sergent kept his American citizenship, and went back there four times. However, he remained living in London to the end of his life.

Gallery

References 

American painters
1856 births
1925 deaths
People from Florence
Royal Academicians
École nationale de la météorologie (ENM, French Meteorology University) is a graduate engineering school in France. It has its own campus and also operates on the French Civil Aviation University campus for aviation activities.

It awards the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ENM (ENM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Technician
 Master of Science
 Mastère Spécialisé

Classes are mainly in French language. The school has 350 students from a dozen countries. Most of the graduate engineer students live in dedicated housing buildings.

Research labs 
Research at the school relate to the following topics:
Meteorology
Climatology

References

More reading 

 Official website 

Technical colleges and universities in Toulouse
1948 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in France
The two-body problem is a problem from classical mechanics: there are two bodies which influence each other.  Very often they attract or repel each other. In many cases they rotate. The problem uses bodies which are circles, or spheres. Solving the problem is possible for many situations, but it usually involves higher level mathematics.

Simplification: One body has a mass that is much smaller 
When one of the two bodies has a mass that is much smaller, the influence of this smaller body on the larger one is very small, and can be disregarded. In such a case, the problem can be reformulated as a one-centre problem, where there is a stationary big body in the centre, and a small body orbiting around the big one. This setting is very comon. Johannes Kepler was the first person to formulate and solve it. For this reason, it is also known as Kepler problem.

General solution for the two-body problem 
Isaac Newton was the first person to solve to the general two-body problem.

Three or more bodies 
Mechanics
Looking at the generalizations, there are two other problems which are related:
 The three-body problem (three bodies influence each other): This problem can only be solved exactly for few very special cases. It needs to be approximated for the other ones.
 The n-body problem: n bodies inflience each other: No solutions exist for the general case.
The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution was proposed in Congress on December 9, 1803.  It was ratified by the state legislatures on June 15, 1804. It provided new procedures for electing the President and Vice President. Before the amendment, each member of the Electoral College cast a single vote. The candidate who received the largest number of votes became the President. The candidate receiving the next highest number of votes became the Vice President. The Twelfth Amendment changed the process to the current system whereby one vote is cast for the President and one for the Vice President.

Text
Text

Background 
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 went over several different proposals for electing the President. Some wanted Congress to choose the President. Other suggestions included selection by the state legislatures, by the state governors or by a congressional committee. Near the end of the convention the question was turned over to a committee called the Committee of Eleven for leftover business. They devised a system called the Electoral College. The plan was accepted and was added to the Constitution.
The 1800 Presidential election showed the deep problems in the electoral college system. Jefferson ran against Adams again. Both had running mates. Pinckney was again the running mate of Adams for the Federalist Party. Aaron Burr was Jefferson's running mate for the Democratic-Republican Party. Jefferson and Burr received the same number of votes creating a tie between two candidates from the same political party. Under the Constitution, the matter was to be decided by the House of Representatives. In the House, the two tied again in 35 votes. Only on the 36th ballot was the deadlock broken and Jefferson was elected president. 

The solution to the problem became the Twelfth Amendment. It was proposed by Congress on December 9, 1803. Three days later it was submitted to the states for ratification. Fourteen of the seventeen states (at the time) ratified it and the amendment was added to the Constitution on September 25, 1804.
Provisions 
The Electoral College remained much the same under the Twelfth Amendment. But the process for choosing a president and vice president changed. Under the Twelfth Amendment an elector must cast separate votes for the President and Vice President. If nobody gets the majority of the votes, the process remains the same as before; the House of Representatives decides.

References

Other websites 
 The Transformative Twelfth Amendment, William & Mary Law Review
 How the Presidency Changed Forever, Mizzou Magazine

12
Elections in the United States
1804 in the United States
South by Southwest (SXSW) is a set of festivals and conferences. They are about movies, interactive media, and music. It takes place every year in March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987. It has continued to grow in both scope and size every year.

South by Southwest is run by the company SXSW, Inc.

Overview

SXSW Music 
SXSW Music is the largest music festival in the world. It had more than 2,000 performances in 2014.

In 1987, 700 people attended the music event. In 2009, there were over 32,000 registrants.

Bands must pay for their own travel and lodging at the event. All performers get a cash payment ($100 for solo musicians or $250 for bands) or a wristband that gives them access to all music events.

SXSW Film

Conference
SXSW Film Conference lasts for five days. There are speakers, workshops, mentor sessions and more, with expert filmmakers and industry leaders.
In 2015, there were over 250 sessions with 735 speakers. Important speakers in the past include Lena Dunham, Jon Favreau, Mark Duplass, Ava DuVernay, Ryan Gosling, Nicolas Cage, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Tilda Swinton, Amy Schumer, Sally Field, Joss Whedon, Christine Vachon, RZA, Matthew McConaughey, Danny Boyle, Seth MacFarlane, Catherine Hardwicke, Richard Linklater, David Gordon Green, Harmony Korine, Henry Rollins, Sarah Green and Robert Rodriguez.

Festival
The SXSW Film Festival runs nine days. The SXSW Film Awards is on the last day of the Film Conference.

In 2015, the SXSW Film Festival showed 150 feature movies and 106 short movies. They were selected from 7,361 submissions. Past movies that premiered at SXSW include Furious 7, Neighbors, Chef, 21 Jump Street, The Cabin in the Woods, Bridesmaids and Insidious, and the TV series Girls, Silicon Valley and Penny Dreadful.
Although the film festival often shows independently produced movies, studios have often shown their comedies there before they are released. They do this to get an idea of how popular the movie will be in theaters.

SXSW Interactive 
SXSW Interactive is about new technology. The festival includes a trade show, speakers, parties, and a startup accelerator.  According to a festival organizer Louis Black, SXSW Interactive "has probably been the biggest of its kind in the world" since 2007.

References

Other websites

 
 The Best of America – South By Southwest Interactive, CounterPunch, March 14, 2014

Festivals in the United States
Austin, Texas
1987 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Texas
Optimization or optimisation may refer to:
 Mathematical optimization, finding the best solution to a problem
 Engineering optimization
 Optimality, in economics
Profit
Utility
Economic efficiency
 Pareto efficiency
 Optimization (computer science), improving software to make it work more efficiently
 Search engine optimization, improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings
Januariusz Mikołaj "Janusz" Bolonek (6 December 1938 – 2 March 2016) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Huta Dłutowska, Poland. He worked in diplomacy for the Pope. Among other positions, has served as nuntius in Uruguay, Bulgaria, Romania, and in North Macedonia.

Bolonek was made a priest in 1961 in Łódź, Poland. He retired as Apostolic Nuncio in 2013. He died in Łódź on 2 March 2016 of cancer. He was aged 77.

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Poland
Polish Roman Catholic bishops
Benoît Lacroix (8 September 1915 – 2 March 2016) was a Canadian theologian, philosopher, and Dominican priest. He was a professor in Medieval studies and historian of the Mediaeval period at the Université de Montréal. He was the author of almost 50 works and a great number of articles. He was born in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Quebec.

Lacroix died in Quebec on 2 March 2016 from problems caused by pneumonia. He was 100 years old.

References

1915 births
2016 deaths
20th-century philosophers
Academics of Université de Montréal
Canadian historians
Canadian centenarians
Canadian theologians
Writers from Quebec
Canadian philosophers
Ashok Ghosh (2 July 1921 – 3 March 2016) was an Indian Bengali politician. He was the senior leader of All India Forward Bloc political party. He held the position of the state general secretary of Forward Bloc in West Bengal from 1946 until his death in 2016.

Ghosh died in Kolkata from multiple organ failure on 3 March 2016. He was 94 years old.

References

1921 births
2016 deaths
Politicians from West Bengal
Natalia Leonidovna Krachkovskaya (, maiden name - Belogortseva, 24 November 1938 – 3 March 2016) was a Soviet and Russian actress. She was awarded the Meritorious Artist in 1998. She was born in Moscow. She became famous during the 1970s with roles in the movies The Twelve Chairs and Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future.

Krachkovskaya died on 3 March 2016 in a hospital in Moscow from a heart attack. She was aged 77.

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Moscow
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Russian movie actors
Soviet actors
The École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématiques et mécanique de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB - MATMECA) is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus at Talence (West France).

It awards the following French & European degree :
 Ingénieur ENSEIRB - MATMECA (ENSEIRB - MATMECA Graduate engineer Masters level program)

Classes are mainly in French and English. The school has 1200 students from a dozen nationalities. Most of the first year students at ENSEIRB-MATMECA live in dedicated housing buildings nearby research labs.

Research labs 
Research activities at ENSEIRB - MATMECA relate to the following topics:
Mechanical engineering (I2M);
Mathematics (IMB);
Computer Science (LaBRI);
Electrical & Electronic Engineering (IMS).

References

More reading 
 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1920 establishments in France
Bordeaux
Arjun Bijlani (born 31 October 1982) is an Indian television actor. He played Aalekh in Right Left and Mayank Sharma in Miley Jab Hum Tum.  His other work includes Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar. In April 2015, Bijlani played Shikhar Mehra in Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi. He plays the lead role of Hritikh in the television drama Naagin.

History 
Bijlani was born on 31 October 1982. He has appeared in many advertisements, including LG, Samsung and BPL Mobile. He has been in many music videos. He was in Kartika, a Disney Channel show, with Jennifer Winget. He has been in many serials, including Miley Jab Hum Tum,Pardes Mein Mila Koi Apna. He also hosted a show named Road Diaries.

Personal life
He is married to Neha Swami and they have one children Ayaan Bijlani.

Filmography

Television

Movies

References

Other websites 

 Arjun Bijlani Official website 

1982 births
Living people
Actors from Mumbai
Indian television actors
The Torres Strait Islands are a group of at least 274 small islands. Most of the islands are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. A small number are part of Papua New Guinea. 

The islands are in the Torres Strait. 

The indigenous people of the islands are Torres Strait Islanders. In 2011, the population was 4,248. The island with the most people is Thursday Island.

References

Islands of Oceania
Islands of Australia
Melanesia
Geography of Papua New Guinea
Geography of Queensland
Indigenous Australian communities
Adopted on March 30, 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution granted African-American men the right to vote. It was one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

Text

Background 
Nowhere in the original Constitution or the Bill of Rights were Americans given the right to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment gave African-American men the right to vote. But not until the 1960s did judicial interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment conclude the right to vote was a fundamental right of all citizens.

The reasons behind the omissions of voting rights in the Bill of Rights and Constitution is that including them would have been too controversial at the time. Each state had different rules for who could vote. Some allowed free blacks the right to vote. Others allowed women the right to vote. A few states required ownership of property in order to vote.
Results 
After passage, the Fifteenth Amendment did not have much of any impact on black voting in the South for nearly a century. Southerners used various methods including terrorism, poll taxes and grandfather clauses to prevent blacks from voting. Congress and the Supreme Court repeatedly struck down voting restrictions. For example, in a landmark decision in Smith v. Allwright (1944), The Court decision made it unconstitutional to keep African-Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which stated that all Americans had the right to vote, including African-Americans. But overcoming these problems on a case-by-case basis was proving to be unsuccessful. As soon as one form of discrimination was stopped, a new one appeared in its place. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, removed further barriers to minorities voting. It was amended five times by Congress to extend its protections as needed.

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites 
 Impact of the 13th, 14th & 15th amendment
 U.S. Constitution's Fifteenth Amendment: Removing Race Qualifications for Voting

15
Voting in the United States
The two moons of Mars—Phobos and Deimos—are much smaller than the Moon, greatly reducing solar eclipses on that planet.

Eclipses

Phobos 

Phobos is only 20 by 25 km (12 by 16 mi) and has a rapid orbital motion, so someone on Mars would only see the solar eclipse for no longer than about thirty seconds. Phobos also takes only 7 hours 39 minutes to orbit Mars, while a Martian day is 24 hours 37 minutes long, meaning that Phobos can create two eclipses per Martian day.

Deimos 

Deimos is too small, 15 by 10 km (9.3 by 6.2 mi), to cause an eclipse. The best someone on Mars would see would be a small object passing the Sun.

View from Earth 

Both moons are too small to cast a shadow on Mars that can be seen from Earth. However, since the creation of artificial satellites, the shadow of Phobos on Mars has been seen.

References 

Mars
Eclipses
The War of the Oranges,  or the War of the grapefruit was a brief conflict in Alentjo in 1801. French and Spanish troops invaded Portugal.

1801
1800s in Europe
Wars involving France
Wars involving Portugal
Wars involving Spain
1800s in France
19th century in Spain
History of Portugal
19th-century conflicts
Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero comedy movie. It is based on the Marvel Comics's character Deadpool. The movie was directed by Tim Miller and it was produced by Simon Kinberg, Ryan Reynolds, and Lauren Shuler Donner. It was Miller's first movie as a director. A sequel movie titled Deadpool 2 was released in 2018.

Deadpool was first premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on February 8, 2016. It was released in North America on February 12, 2016. Principal photography for the movie started in Vancouver on March 23, 2015 and ended on May 29, 2015.
Plot
Wade Wilson (Ryan Reynolds) is a former Special Forces operative who now works as a mercenary. His world comes crashing down when evil scientist Ajax (Ed Skrein) tortures, disfigures and transforms him into Deadpool. The rogue experiment leaves Deadpool with accelerated healing powers and a twisted sense of humor. With help from mutant allies Colossus and Negasonic Teenage Warhead (Brianna Hildebrand), Deadpool uses his new skills to hunt down the man who nearly destroyed his life.

Cast 
 Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool
 Morena Baccarin as Vanessa Carlysle
 Ed Skrein as Francis Freeman / Ajax
 T. J. Miller as Weasel
 Gina Carano as Angel Dust
 Brianna Hildebrand as Negasonic Teenage Warhead
 Stefan Kapičić (voice) and André Tricateux (motion capture) as Pietr Rasputin / Colossus
Reception
The movie got positive reviews from critics and audiences. It has a 83% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said that the movie was "party time for action junkies" and also that Reynolds may have found the role that defines his career.

References

Other websites
Official website

2016 action movies
2016 comedy movies
2010s action comedy movies
2010s superhero movies
20th Century Fox movies
American action comedy movies
Cancer in movies
English-language movies
Nonlinear narrative movies
Movies about revenge
Movies based on comics
Movies produced by Lauren Shuler Donner
Movies produced by Simon Kinberg
Movies set in New York (state)
Screenplays by Paul Wernick
Screenplays by Rhett Reese
Self-reflexive movies
Deadpool movies
X-Men (movie series)
American superhero movies
Arthur Worth "Bud" Collins, Jr. (June 17, 1929 – March 4, 2016) was an American journalist and television sportscaster. He was best known for his tennis commentary. Collins was born in Lima, Ohio. For several years with the Boston Globe, he was a general and political columnist. In 1967, he was a candidate for mayor of Boston.

Collins died on March 4, 2016 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was aged 86.

References

Other websites

Bud Collins WGBH Alumni Profile               
Interview with Tennis-Prose spanning the life and career of Bud Collins
  

1929 births
2016 deaths
Journalists from Ohio
Politicians from Ohio
American sports commentators
Sportspeople from Ohio
People from Lima, Ohio
Sophie Dessus (24 September 1955 – 3 March 2016) was a French Socialist politician. She was born in Suresnes, France. She represented Corrèze's First Constituency in the National Assembly, the first woman to represent Corrèze in the National Assembly. She served from 20 June 2012 until her death in 3 March 2016.

Dessus died in Limoges, France of cancer on 3 March 2016. She was aged 60.

References

Other websites
Dessus's official website

1955 births
2016 deaths
Politicians from Hauts-de-Seine
Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Corrèze
Ayatollah Abbas Vaez Tabasi (, 25 June 1935 – 4 March 2016) was an Iranian cleric. He holds memberships at different institutions. He was the Grand Imam and Chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi board from 1979 until his death in 2016. He was born in Tabas, Mashhad.

Tabasi died from respiratory failure in Mashhad, Iran on 4 March 2016. He had lung cancer. Tabasi was aged 80.

References

Other websites
 Official Website 
 BBC article about Naser Vaez-Tabasi 

1935 births
2016 deaths
Iranian clerics
Purno Agitok (P. A.) Sangma (1 September 1947 – 4 March 2016) was an Indian politician. He was born in Assam, India. He served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1996 to 1998 and Chief Minister of Meghalaya from 1988 to 1990.

Sangma died on 4 March 2016 in New Delhi, India from a heart attack. He was aged 68.

References

1947 births
2016 deaths
People from Meghalaya‎
Speakers of the Lok Sabha
(29 November 1968 – 3 March 2016) was a Japanese professional wrestler. He was better known for wrestling under a mask as Hayabusa. He mainly worked for the Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) promotion. He also wrestled for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) and in North America for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), and one match with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW).

Career
Ezaki debuted for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) at the 1994 Super J Cup, losing in the first round to Jushin Thunder Liger. He started wrestling under the Hayabusa gimmick in 1993 while he was working in Mexico.

In October 2001, Ezaki suffered a career-ending injury when he tried to perform a springboard moonsault off the middle rope, lost his footing, landed on his head, and cracked two of his vertebrae which left him paralyzed. In 2015, Ezaki had regained the use of his legs and was able to stand on his own and walk with a cane.
On 3 April 2015, Hayabusa took part in a press conference which announced the return of FMW. He had served as the executive producer of the promotion.

Death
On 3 March 2016, Ezaki died from a subarachnoid hemorrhage at age 47. He was found dead in his home by the owner of a tavern that he was supposed to do a small concert for that day, but did not show up.

References 

1968 births
2016 deaths
Japanese professional wrestlers
People from Kumamoto Prefecture
Deaths from subarachnoid hemorrhage
Mandalay ( or ;  ) is a city in Myanmar. There is only one city in Myanmar that has more people than Mandalay. It is  north of Yangon. Mandalay is on the east side of the Irrawaddy River. In 2014, there were 1,225,553 people living there.

Name 

The name "Mandalay" comes from the nearby hill called Mandalay Hill. "Mandalay" may come from the Pali language. Some people think that the name "Mandalay" comes from the Pali word mandala. Other people think that the name comes from Mount Mindara. Mindara is a mountain in Hindu mythology.

The original name of the city was Yadanabon (, ). This name came from the Pali word Ratanapūra (). "Ratanapūra" means "City of Gems." The city also had another name: Lay Kyun Aung Myei (, ). This means "Victorious Land over the Four Islands."

History

Early history 

Mandalay was started by King Mindon. He started the city on 13 February 1857. He built Mandalay as the new capital city of the Kingdom of Burma.