Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Papillon (, "butterfly[-eared]"), also called the Continental Toy Spaniel, is a breed of dog of the Spaniel type. The Papillon is one of the oldest of the toy spaniels. Its name comes from its butterfly-like look of the fringed hair on the ears. The dog is alert and friendly with people and other dogs. The Papillon is a very active dog. It is also easy to train.

History 
The Papillon's ancestors can be seen in many 16th century paintings by Old Masters. The earliest pictures containing these toy spaniels are by Tiziano Vecellio. The earliest Continental Toy Spaniels had drooping ears. Near the end of the 19th century the erect butterfly-like ears became popular. They began to call these dogs Papillons. From that time on the dog was available in two nearly identical breeds. The Papillon with its erect butterfly-like ears and the Phalène with its moth-like drop ears. In 1915 the Papillon breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC).

References
References 

Spaniels
Dog breeds originating in Belgium
Dog breeds originating in France
Typhoon Soudelor (also known as Typhoon Hanna) was a western Pacific tropical cyclone in 2015. The storm developed toward the end of July and lasted until mid-August. The storm affected the Northern Mariana Islands. The storm was forecast to also affect Taiwan and China. Soudelor was the most powerful typhoon in 2015.

2015 in weather
Pacific typhoons
Tropical cyclones in Asia
Tropical cyclones in Oceania
July 2015 events
August 2015 events
2015 in Oceania
2010s in Taiwan
2015 in China
2015 in Asia
Retired tropical cyclone names
Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known. They consist solely of short strands of circular, single-stranded RNA without protein coats. They are mostly plant pathogens (plant diseases), some of which are can cause crop loss. Viroid genomes are extremely small in size. They are about 80 times smaller than the smallest virus. The human pathogen (causes diseases in humans) hepatitis D virus is a defective RNA virus similar to viroids.

Viroids were the first "sub-viral pathogens" discovered and named by Theodor Otto Diener.  He was a plant pathologist at the U.S Department of Agriculture's  Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland, in 1971. The first viroid to be identified was the Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). About 33 species have been identified.

References 

Virology
The Blue Lagoon is a 1980 American romantic adventure drama movie. It was directed by Randal Kleiser and filmed on Turtle Island Fiji. The screenplay by Douglas Day Stewart was based on the novel The Blue Lagoon by Henry De Vere Stacpoole. The film stars Brooke Shields and Christopher Atkins. The movie is a remake of the 1949 movie of the same name. There was also a 1923 silent movie version of the Blue Lagoon directed by W. Bowden.   

It is about a boy and girl who are cousins. After escaping a fire at sea they are stranded on a remote island in the Pacific Ocean. They are left to survive on their own. The two children learn to live off the island's natural resources. As they become teenagers, the two fall in love.
Roger Ebert called it the "dumbest movie of the year". The nude scenes by then 14-year-old Brooke Shields were artfully covered by gluing her hair to her chest and using body doubles. Rona Barrett, a gossip columnist, compared the movie to child pornography. Reviewers were more impressed by the scenery in Fiji than the movie's plot. Janet Maslin of the New York Times said neither Atkins or Shields did much acting. The movie was nominated for an Oscar for Best Cinematography. Christopher Atkins received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year.

It was followed by Return to the Blue Lagoon.

References
References 

1980 adventure movies
1980s coming-of-age movies
1980 romantic drama movies
1980s teen drama movies
1980s teen romance movies
American adventure movies
American coming-of-age movies
American movie remakes
American romantic drama movies
Coming-of-age drama movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
1980s English-language movies
Incest in movies
Movies set in the 19th century
Movies set on beaches
Movies set on islands
Movies with underwater settings
Teenage pregnancy in movies
Works about cousins
Movies directed by Randal Kleiser
Orna Porat (), born as Irene Klein, (June 6, 1924 – August 6, 2015) was an German-born Israeli theater actress. She attended drama school and began her stage career at a repertory theater in Schleswig.

She moved to Mandatory Palestine in 1946, and converted to Judaism in 1957.

Porat died at the age of 91 on August 6, 2015.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Converts to Judaism
German stage actors
Israeli stage actors
Jewish Israeli actors
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Actors from Cologne
Johanna Quandt (21 June 1926 – 3 August 2015) was the German widow of industrialist Herbert Quandt, who saved BMW from bankruptcy. As a result, she was the 8th richest person in Germany, 82nd in the world and 11th richest woman according to Forbes.

As of August 2014, the Quandt family is estimated to be worth $46.3 billion. She died at the age of 89 in her home in Bad Homburg near Frankfurt.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
German billionaires
German businesspeople
People from Berlin
Joseph Michael "Joe" Arpaio (born June 14, 1932) was the six-time elected sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona from 1993 until 2017. A controversial figure, Arpaio has been accused of abuse of power, misuse of funds, failure to investigate sex crimes, improper clearance of cases, unlawful enforcement of immigration laws, and election law violations, amongst others. 

In 2017, Arpaio was found guilty of racial profiling in federal court, however he was later pardoned by President Donald Trump.

Arpaio was an unsuccessful candidate in Arizona's Republican primary election for U.S. Senate in 2018.

Arpaio was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.

References

Other websites
 Official Website 

1932 births
Living people
American police officers
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Theodorus "Theo" Johannes Maria van Els (14 May 1936 – 4 August 2015) was a Dutch academic. He was born in Wanssum. He served as Rector magnificus of the Radboud University Nijmegen between 1994 and 2000. He was a professor of applied linguistics.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Dutch academics
Linguists
People from Limburg (Netherlands)
PyMOL is an open source program for the viewing and manipulation of data from proteins and other biological molecules. PyMOL is written in the Python programming language.

References

Other websites 

 
 PyMOL Wiki

Free software
Chemistry
Former Governor of Louisiana and former U.S. Representative Buddy Roemer of Louisiana began a movement for the 2012 Republican Party nomination for President of the United States shortly following the 2010 midterm elections.

After he was not added to the nationally-televised Republican debate, Roemer announced on February 22, 2012 that he would instead run on a third-party ticket, specifically the Reform Party and Americans Elect nominations. Shortly after Americans Elect announced they would not be fielding a candidate, Roemer's campaign announced on May 31, 2012 that he was ending his 2012 presidential campaign altogether.

Other websites
 Buddy Roemer 2012 official campaign site

Roemer 2012
Tahult is a locality in Härryda Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 585 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
A chest X-ray or  chest film an x-ray of the chest used to diagnose diseases of the chest. X-rays are among the most common medical images. Doctors use them to diagnose problems.

Like all radiography methods, chest x-rays use ionizing radiation. The chest x-ray process makes a chest x-ray photo. The photo shows the inside of the chest.

Problems identified 

Chest x-rays are used to find many diseases inside the chest. A doctor can use an x-ray to examine bones, lungs, heart, and great vessels. Pneumonia and congestive heart failure are commonly diagnosed by chest radiograph. Chest x-rays are used to screen for job-related lung disease, for example in mining where workers breathe dust.

Gallery

References 

Medical procedures
Torso
Men of Honor (Men of Honour in the UK and Ireland) is a 2000 American drama movie. It was directed by George Tillman, Jr. and it was produced by Bill Badalato and Robert Teitel. The movie was inspired by the story of Master chief petty officer Carl Brashear, the first African American master diver in the United States Navy.

The movie got mixed reviews from critics. It has a 42% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars and called it "an old-fashioned biopic". He, however, criticized Theron's appearance in the movie and called it "professional but unnecessary to the picture".
Cast 
Robert De Niro as Master Chief Leslie Sunday
Cuba Gooding Jr. as Boatswain's Mate Second Class (later on Master Diver) Carl Brashear
Chris Warren, Jr. as Young Carl
Charlize Theron as Gwen Sunday
Aunjanue Ellis as Jo Brashear
Hal Holbrook as Camp commanding officer "Mr.Pappy" Captain USN.
Michael Rapaport as Gunners Mate Snowhill
Powers Boothe as Captain Pullman
David Keith as Captain Hartigan
Holt McCallany as Machinist's Mate First Class Dylan Rourke
David Conrad as Captain Hanks
Joshua Leonard as Petty Officer Second Class Timothy Douglas Isert
Carl Lumbly as Mac Brashear
L. Luquette as Diving Expert
Lonette McKee as Ella Brashear
Glynn Turman as Chief Floyd
Joshua Feinman as DuBoyce
Richard Radecki as diving master chief
Dennis Troutman as Boots
Miguel Brickman as Editor-in-chief

References

Other websites 

2000 drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies based on real life events
20th Century Fox movies
"Regulate" is a hip hop song performed by Nate Dogg and Warren G. The song was released in the summer of 1994. It appears on the soundtrack of Above the Rim, and later Regulate... G Funk Era.

The song reached #2 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also hit #8 on the R&B/Hip Hop chart.

The song samples "I Keep Forgettin' (Every Time You're Near)" by Michael McDonald.

References

Hip hop songs
Hip hop soul songs
1994 songs
Mae Louise Suggs (September 7, 1923 – August 6, 2015) was an American professional golfer. She was one of the founders of the LPGA Tour. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia.

Suggs died in Sarasota, Florida at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
Georgia Sports Hall of Fame
Louise Suggs biography at About.com 

1923 births
2015 deaths
American golfers
Sportspeople from Atlanta
Juan Manuel Guillermo Contreras Sepúlveda (4 May 1929 – 7 August 2015) was a Chilean military officer and the former head of DINA, Chile's secret police during the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. As head of DINA he was the most powerful and feared man in the country, after Pinochet. Until his death in August 2015 of multiple organ failure, he was serving 58 sentences totaling 498 years in prison for kidnapping, forced disappearance and assassination.

References

1929 births
2015 deaths
Chilean generals
Kidnappers
Murderers
People from Santiago
People who died in prison custody
Mafia III is an open world third-person action-adventure video game. It was developed by Hangar 13. It was published by 2K Games. It was announced on July 29, 2015. It was first shown at Gamescom on August 5, 2015. It was released on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 7, 2016.

The game is set in 1968 in the city of New Bordeaux (based off New Orleans, Louisiana, United States). The protagonist is Lincoln Clay, a black mixed race orphan and was in the Vietnam War   and was a veteran, who is on a quest to get revenge on the Italian mob. Vito Scaletta, Mafia II protagonist, returns.

Devinitive Edition
On May 19, 2020 2K Games released Mafia III: Definitive Edition. Including Mafia: Trilogy Pack, when all 3 Mafia games in one package.

References

1960s in fiction
2016 video games
Adventure games
Louisiana in fiction
New Orleans in fiction
PlayStation 4 games
Video game sequels
Shooter video games
Windows games
Xbox One games
Lorenzo Cherubini (born 27 September 1966), better known as Jovanotti is an Italian singer-songwriter.

Jovanotti first sang a mix of hip hop, rap and disco. Then he included funk, world music and even classical music and ska. Most of his songs are sung in Italian. He has also made a Spanish language greatest hits album.

Biography

Private life 
Cherubini is the third of four brothers. His oldest brother, Umberto was a flying instructor at Touchandgo School until his death in a plane crash on 22 October 2007. After that, Jovanotti composed In orbita and Fango as tribute. The second brother, Bernardo, is a showman.

Jovanotti attended at Liceo Malpighi in Rome where he get a degree in science.

Career 
Jovanotti's musical career began in 1988. Jovanotti for President was his first album.
Discography 
 1988 – Jovanotti for President
 1989 – La mia moto
 1990 – Giovani Jovanotti
 1991 – Una tribù che balla
 1992 – Lorenzo 1992
 1994 – Lorenzo 1994
 1997 – Lorenzo 1997 - L'albero
 1999 – Lorenzo 1999 - Capo Horn
 2002 – Lorenzo 2002 - Il quinto mondo
 2005 – Buon sangue
 2008 – Safari
 2011 – Ora
 2015 – Lorenzo 2015 CC.

References

Other websites 

 Sito ufficiale 
 

Italian singer-songwriters
1966 births
Living people
Musicians from Rome
Rappers
Below is a list of the international football federations:

Worldwide 

 FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association; founded in 1904; It's main tournament is the FIFA World Cup)
 N.F.-Board (Nouvelle Fédération-Board; 2003-2012; It's main tournament was the Viva World Cup)
 ConIFA (Confederation of Independent Football Associations; founded in 2013; It's main tournament is the ConIFA World Football Cup)

Continental 

These are the football federations in each continent:

FIFA Member federations

Other websites 
RSSSF
Football Federations Around the Globe, Soccerlens.com

Football-related lists

International sports organizations
Vladimir Mikhailovich Zeldin (; February 10, 1915 – 31 October 2016) was a Russian theatre and cinema actor. Zeldin was born in the town of Kozlov (now Michurinsk). He is, as of 2014, the oldest living People's Artist of the USSR. He turned 100 in 2015.

Zeldin died in Moscow, Russia on 31 October 2016 at the age of 101.

References

Other websites
 Vladimir Zeldin. Russian Don Quixote
 Biography  
 

1915 births
2016 deaths
Russian centenarians
Russian actors
Vladimir Abramovich Etush () (6 May 1922 – 9 March 2019) was a Soviet movie and television actor and a People's Artist of the USSR (1984), an honorary title granted to citizens of the Soviet Union.

Etush died on 9 March 2019 from heart failure in Moscow, aged 96.

References

Other websites
 

1922 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Russian actors
Leonid Sergeyevich Bronevoy (; December 17, 1928 – December 9, 2017) was a Nika Award-winning Soviet and Russian actor. He was known for his work in the Lenkom Theatre. Bronevoy also made occasional appearances in movies. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1987.

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
2017 deaths
Russian actors
Aleksandra Nikolayevna Pakhmutova (; born November 9, 1929) is a Russian composer. She has remained one of the best known figures in Soviet and later Russian popular music since she first achieved fame in her homeland in the 1960s.

Other websites
Official website

1929 births
Living people
Russian composers
Terrence Horace Evans (June 20, 1934 – August 7, 2015) was American actor, voice artist, and comedian, best known for his role as Baltrim in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Voyager. He also portrayed Old Monty in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and Massacre: The Beginning.

References

Other websites
 
 Terrence Evans (Aveleyman)

1934 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
Comedians from Pennsylvania
The Yards is a 2000 American crime drama movie. It was directed by James Gray and it was produced by Nick Wechsler, Paul Webster, and Kerry Orent.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 64% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars.

Cast 
Mark Wahlberg as Leo Handler 
Joaquin Phoenix as Willie Gutierrez 
Charlize Theron as Erica Soltz 
James Caan as Frank Olchin
Ellen Burstyn as Val Handler 
Faye Dunaway as Kitty Olchin 
Steve Lawrence as Arthur Mydanick
Robert Montano as Hector Gallardo 
Tony Musante as Seymour Korman
David Zayas as Officer Jerry Rifkin

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
2000s English-language movies
Miramax movies
Movies set in New York City
Movies directed by Matt Reeves
Air Florida Flight 90 was a scheduled U.S. domestic passenger flight from Washington National Airport to Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport. On January 13, 1982, the Boeing 737-200 registered as N62AF, crashed into the 14th Street Bridge over the Potomac River.

The aircraft had originally been purchased by United Airlines in 1969 and flown with the registration number of N9050U. It was sold to Air Florida in 1980.

While the 737 was still at the airport, it had been deiced at the gate and tried to push back with reverse thrust when the pushback tug became stuck without proper snow equipment. After pushback and taxi to the departure runway, Captain Larry Wheaton began to grow worried about ice accumulating on the wings as the plane waited in line for departure behind a New York Air DC-9.
Upon rotation of the aircraft and the plane becoming airborne, the aircraft's stick shaker stall warning immediately activated as the airplane harshly and quickly pitched up into the air, with the wings contaminated with ice. The first officer was pilot flying. The captain urges the first officer to push forward on the yoke and that they only wanted to climb to 500 feet as the airspeed was dangerously low, and the aircraft was at a high angle of attack. The 737 then began to descend towards the 14th Street Bridge in a fully developed aerodynamic stall. The first officer then exclaimed "stalling, we're falling", and then "Larry, we're going down, Larry", to which the captain replied, "I know".

The aircraft struck the 14th Street Bridge, which carries Interstate 395 between Washington, D.C. and Arlington County, Virginia. It crushed seven occupied vehicles on the bridge and destroyed  of guard rail before it plunged through the ice into the Potomac River and broke apart.
The crash occurred less than two miles (3 km) from the White House and within view of both the Jefferson Memorial and The Pentagon. The aircraft was carrying 74 passengers and five crewmembers. Four passengers and one flight attendant survived and were rescued from the crash.  Another passenger, Arland D. Williams, Jr., assisted in the rescue of the survivors but drowned before he himself could be rescued.  Four motorists on the bridge were killed. The survivors were rescued from the icy river by civilians and professionals. 

President Ronald Reagan commended these acts during his State of the Union speech a few days later, and the bridge was renamed after Arland D. Williams. The cause of the crash was pilot error.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Executive Summary - NTSB Report AAR-82/08 Air Florida, Inc., Boeing 737-222, N62AF, Collision with 14th Street Bridge near Washington National Airport Washington, D.C. January 13, 1982
 Aircraft Accident Report: Air Florida, Inc., Boeing 737-222, N62AF, Collision with 14th Street Bridge, Near Washington National Airport, Washington, D.C., January 13, 1982 National Transportation Safety Board report (PDF, 140 pages)
 Pre-crash photos of N62AF
 

1982 in the United States
Aviation accidents and incidents in the 1980s
20th century in Virginia
1980s in Washington, D.C.
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
January events
The Hermitage cats are a group of cats living in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The museum has a secretary for the news media about the cats. Three people take care of their daily needs.

The cats live in the museum's basement. In the summer, they also go along the river bank and on the plaza. Cats have been guarding the museum for more than 200 years, since the Tsars ruled Russia. In earlier times, they roamed freely through all the museum galleries.

In 2010, Maria Haltunen ("Khaltunin" in Russia), who directs the museum's cat program, said that there were 60 cats on the museum grounds. The museum staff joked that officially the museum is only supposed to have 50 cats.

In May 2013, the count had grown to 74 cats, of both sexes, Haltunen said. (All have been "fixed" so they can't have kittens).  There are kitchens for cooking their food ("they all have different preferences"), and even a small hospital.
Donations, charity gifts and sponsorship from a cat food company pay for the care of the cats.

History 
The cats have been in the museum, that was once a palace, since the 18th century. In 1774, Empress Elizabeth of Russia gave an order for cats to come live in the palace to control the mice population. James Rodgers of the BBC said it is thought that the cats first came from Kazan, a city known for having cats good at catching mice. The cats stayed in St. Petersburg except during World War II, when the existing cat population was killed. After the war, a new group of cats was brought in because the rat population had increased.

In the 1990s Haltunen began a program to actively take care of the cats. Before this, they had lived in poor conditions.

Beginning in 2007, the museum adopts cats needing homes. The cats are an attraction for tourists.

In 2011, the museum began a "Catfest", a celebration of its cat population. "Catfest" has cat painting contests and games for children.

References
References

Other websites 
 Hermitage Cats 

Art museums
Cats
Saint Petersburg
History of Russia
It was the second-deadliest aviation accident at the time in the United States and the second-deadliest involving the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 series; , the crash is the fourth-deadliest in both categories and the third-deadliest sole-survivor incident in aviation history. The flight and its two pilots originated at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, flying to MBS International Airport in Saginaw, Michigan, and was scheduled to terminate at John Wayne Airport in Santa Ana, California, with intermediate stops at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Romulus, Michigan (outside of Detroit, Michigan) and Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix, Arizona.

The MD-80 was prepared during the pushback, but in the rush, the pilots forgot to deploy the flaps for takeoff. As the aircraft lined up on Runway 32C, the pilots skipped over the flap check. After receiving takeoff clearance, the first officer applies takeoff thrust, but the Takeoff Configuration Warning System does not activate.
The aircraft was rotated upon passing rotation speed, but failed to get into the skies, and almost overran the runway. Just as the aircraft became airborne, the stall recognition system and stick shaker activated, and the aircraft began to roll side to side just under 50 feet above the ground. The left wing strikes a light pole and a car rental building, and the burning aircraft then crashes into Middlebelt Road and slides for a few hundred feet before hitting a car and exploding.

154 people on board the aircraft are killed; the sole survivor of the accident was at the time 4-year-old Cecelia Cichan, who obtained serious injuries while pinned in her seat with her seatbelt still strapped.

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in the 1980s
1987 in the United States
1980s in Michigan
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
Delta Air Lines Flight 191 was a regularly scheduled Delta Air Lines domestic service from Fort Lauderdale, Florida to Los Angeles, via Dallas that crashed on August 2, 1985, at 18:05 (UTC−05:00). The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar operating this flight encountered a microburst while on approach to land on runway 17L (now marked 17C) at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW).

The pilots were unable to successfully escape the weather event, and the aircraft impacted the ground over a mile short of the runway. The flight hit a car driving north of the airport and crashed two water tanks. The crash killed 136 of the 152 passengers and 11 crew on board, and the driver of the car. 

During the approach to Dallas Fort Worth, the flight experienced heavy thunder and turbulence. They were asked to slow their speed as they were getting too close to the Learjet ahead of them. Once the Learjet ahead had landed, they reported the weather to the ATC, who then reported the weather to Flight 191.
The captain then goes onto the radio and says "Delta one ninety one out here in the rain, feels good", to which the first officer then states, "we're going to get our airplane washed." 

The turbulence becomes more violent as the aircraft closes in on DFW. The first officer then states, "lightning coming out of that one", to which the captain replies, "where", and the first officer finishes off saying "right ahead of us".
The GPWS then activates, telling the pilots to pull up, and the flight engineer exclaims, "push it way up", just before the aircraft impacts the ground. The aircraft hits the ground, the nose gear making the first contact, then bounces back into the air and the left engine then hits the car of William Mayberry on Highway 114, killing him instantly. 

At this point, the left side of the plane catches fire as the aircraft remains airborne for several more seconds, before an unknown person in the cockpit exclaims "oh shit" in response to seeing an obstacle. At 18:05, the aircraft crashes into a water tank inside the airport boundaries just before Runway 17L at DFW. 134 people were killed directly as a result of the impact, and 2 more died before being rescued.
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the crash resulted from the flight crew's decision to fly through a thunderstorm, the lack of procedures and training to avoid or escape microbursts, and the lack of hazard information on wind shear.

Notes

References

Other websites
 Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript 
 Accident photos 
 AirDisaster.com Special Report 
 Pre-accident photos from Airliners.net
 DFW Delta Flight 191 – Essay from Mica Calfee, a firefighter-paramedic who responded to the crash
 NTSB executive summary report

1985 disasters
1985 in the United States
1980s in Texas
Aviation accidents and incidents in the 1980s
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
August events
United Airlines Flight 232 was a scheduled flight from Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado, to O'Hare International Airport in Chicago. On July 19, 1989, the DC-10 (registered N1819U) operating the route crash-landed in Sioux City, Iowa, after suffering a big failure in its tail-mounted engine, leading to the loss of all flight controls. Of the 296 people on board, 111 died in the accident while 185 survived.

While the DC-10 was in cruise at 37,000 feet, the fan blade inside the number 2 engine cowling shattered, exploded, and broke through the side of the engine. Pieces of the fan blade cut through the horizontal stabilizers in the tail and cut through all three hydraulic lines for the control surfaces, ultimately (and quickly) leaving the aircraft without any flight controls.
The aircraft began to bank right and descend. Captain Al Haynes took control of the airplane and attempted to regain altitude and level out, finding that his yoke had no effect on the attitude or roll angle of the aircraft. First Officer Records also tried his controls, but he could not control the aircraft either.

The flight crew then used the throttles to fly the plane. Flight Instructor Denny Fitch offered his assistance in the cockpit and was put in charge of the throttles. The flight crew then circled multiple times to lose altitude and decided to land in Sioux City, Iowa.
On approach to the runway, the aircraft began to dip below the horizon while travelling almost twice the normal landing speed. No pilot had ever successfully landed a DC-10 at this speed, with or without flight controls. Captain Al Haynes then urges Fitch to "close the throttles," to which Fitch replied, saying "I can't cut them off or you'll lose it, that's what's turning ya". As the aircraft rapidly began to bank right and lose altitude, Fitch said "Right, Al," and Captain Haynes replied "right," then "left left left left left left left, left left left". The ground proximity warning system then activates, and the aircraft crashes into the ground, exploding, and flipping over. The fuselage breaks into five main parts. Of the 296 people on board, 111 are killed.

Other websites
Other websites

 NTSB Accident report of United Airlines Flight 232 
 Cockpit voice-recorder transcript (pdf) (NB contains error) 
 A talk given by the pilot describing the crash at NASA Dryden in 1991
 Siouxland Chamber Of Commerce: Remembering Flight 232 (Picture of memorial depicting Lt. Colonel Dennis Nielsen carrying Spencer Bailey)
 "17th Anniversary Tribute of Flight 232" 
 News report with video of crash landing of Flight 232, ABC News, July 19, 1989
 Pre-crash landing photos from Airliners.net

1989 disasters
1989 in the United States
Aviation accidents and incidents in the 1980s
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
20th century in Iowa
Moneron Island is an Asian island of Russia. It lies southwest of Sakhalin.

Pacific islands
Islands of Russia
Stapleton International Airport was Denver, Colorado's primary airport from 1929 to 1995. At different times it served as a hub for Continental Airlines, Frontier Airlines, People Express, TWA, United Airlines and Western Airlines.

In 1995, Stapleton was replaced by Denver International Airport. It has now been decommissioned and the airport property was redeveloped as a retail and residential neighborhood.

Other websites
 Airport history 
  Stapleton Airport Photographs
 Airport diagrams: 1938, 1956, and 1959

Airports in the United States
The 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash occurred on 10 April 2010 when a Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft of the Polish Air Force crashed in the city of Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 people on board. These included the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria; the former President of Poland in exile Ryszard Kaczorowski, 18 members of the Polish parliament, and relatives of victims of the Katyn massacre.

They were en route from Warsaw to attend an event marking the 70th anniversary of the massacre. The site is about  west of Smolensk. The pilots attempted to land at Smolensk North Airport, a former military airbase, in thick fog that reduced visibility to about . The aircraft was too low as it approached the runway as a result of confusing instructions from the traffic controler. Striking trees in the fog, it rolled upside down, struck the ground, broke apart, and eventually came to rest  short of the runway in a wooded area.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 "Findings of the Interstate Aviation Committee Safety Investigation of the Accident involving Tu-154M aircraft tail number 101 of the Republic of Poland on April 2010 near Smolensk "Severny" aerodrome." ( ) Interstate Aviation Committee  - Comprehensive link with reports and updates
 "Об окончательных результатах работы Технической комиссии Межгосударственного авиационного комитета по расследованию катастрофы самолета Ту-154М бортовой номер 101 Республики Польша, произошедшей 10 апреля 2010 г. в районе аэродрома Смоленск "Северный"." ( ) Interstate Aviation Committee  - Comprehensive link with reports and updates 
 Final report in English, Polish, and Russian  - Committee for Investigation of National Aviation Accidents
 Video reconstruction of flight (simulation, 36 min., rus) direct link (mp4)

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2010
2010 in Europe
2010s in Russia
Smolensk is a city in Russia. It is located on the Dnieper River, and  west-southwest of Moscow. It is the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast. As of 2014, the population was 330,000.

Other websites

 Official website of Smolensk

Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Smolensk Oblast
Sean Duval Price (March 17, 1972– August 8, 2015) was an American rapper. He was a member of the hip hop supergroups Boot Camp Clik and Random Axe with Guilty Simpson and producer Black Milk. He came to fame as one-half of the duo Heltah Skeltah,  performing under the name Ruckus, or in short Ruck, along with partner Rock.

Death
On August 8, 2015, Price died in Brooklyn at the age of 43. The cause of death is currently unknown, but it was reported that he died in his sleep. He is survived by his wife, and his three children."

Discography

Studio albums
Monkey Barz (2005)
Jesus Price Supastar (2007)
Mic Tyson (2012)
Imperius Rex (2017)

References

Other websites
Duck Down Records website

1972 births
2015 deaths
Rappers from New York (state)
Musicians from Brooklyn
Unexplained deaths
"It's Too Late" is a soft rock ballad by Carole King. The song is about a woman leaving a relationship. It is on King's studio album Tapestry.

This song was released as a single in April 1971. It hit #1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100. Sales were later certified Gold by the RIAA.

The song was later covered by Gloria Estefan and The Isley Brothers. The Isley Brothers version was released in 1973. Estefan released her version in 1995.

References

Rock songs
1971 songs
Carole King songs
Gloria Estefan songs
The Isley Brothers songs
Dina Carroll songs
"Bump & Grind" is an R&B ballad by the singer R. Kelly. The song is about rough sexual activity. It comes from Kelly's debut record 12 Play.

The song was released in January 1994. It became a #1 single on the Billboard Hot 100. It also spent twelve weeks at #1 on US Hot R&B Songs. The song became the longest-running number one song of 1994.

The song was released again in 2014.

1994 songs
R. Kelly songs
R&B songs
There are a numbers of ways to calculate square roots of numbers, and even more ways to estimate them.

The mathematical operation of finding a root is the opposite operation of exponentiation, and therefore involves a similar but reverse thought process.

Firstly, one needs to know how precise the result is expected to be.  This is because often square roots are irrational.  For example, square root of a nice round whole number 28 is a fraction which in its decimal notation has infinite length, and therefore it is impossible to express it exactly:

Moreover, for some real numbers the square root is a complex number.  For example, square root of -4 is a complex number 2i :

In many cases there may be multiple valid answers.  For example, square root of 4 is 2, but -2 is also a valid answer.  One can verify that they are both valid answers by squaring each candidate answer and checking if you obtain 4 as the result of verification:
Please note that calculating a square root is a special case of the problem of calculating Nth root.

Calculating 
Most calculators provide a function for calculation of a square root.

Estimating 
If the result does not have to be very precise, the following estimation techniques could be helpful:

References

Mathematics
Rules for the Direction of the Mind () is a book by René Descartes. It was written about 1628. It was not finished, because 36 rules were planned in all, but only 21 were actually written. This work was not published while the author was alive. The Rules were published in 1701 in Amsterdam.

Many ideas in this book reappeared, year later, in the Discourse on the Method.

Although young, Descartes in times of Regulae had already believed in innate ideas, for example of the mathematical truths. 

1620s books
Works of philosophy
French literature
The Governor of Arkansas is the head of the executive branch of Arkansas's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

List of governors

Governors of the State of Arkansas

Living former U.S. governors of Arkansas
As of January 2016, there were six former U.S. governors of Arkansas who are still living. The oldest was David Pryor (1975-1979, born 1934). The most recent death of a former U.S. governor of Arkansas was that of Dale Bumpers (1971–1975), who died on January 1, 2016. The most recently serving governor to die was Frank D. White, who served from 1981 to 1983 and died on May 21, 2003.

Notes

References
The Office of the Governor of New Jersey is head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government. The office of governor is an elected position, for which elected officials serve four-year terms. Governors cannot be elected to more than two consecutive terms, but there is no limit on the total number of terms they may serve. 

The official residence for the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey; the office of the governor is at the New Jersey State House in Trenton. The first Governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776 to July 25, 1790. The current governor is Phil Murphy, who assumed office on January 16, 2018.

References
This is a list of the governors of Louisiana, from 1803 to the present day; for earlier governors of Louisiana see List of colonial governors of Louisiana.

List of governors

Civil War Era 

 Parties

Governors of Confederate-held territory in Louisiana

Governors of Union-held territory in Louisiana 

 Parties

Reconstruction Era (Governors subordinate to U.S. military rule) 

 Parties

Post-Reconstruction 

 Parties

References
The Governor of the state of Ohio is the head of the executive branch of Ohio's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.  The governor has a duty to enforce state laws; the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio Legislature; the power to convene the legislature;  and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

List of governors

References

Notes
The governor of New York is the head of state and head of government of the U.S. state of New York and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is also the chairperson of the gubernatorial cabinet.

Kathy Hochul is the 57th and current governor of New York, in office since August 2021.

Power and duties 
The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York State Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment. Unlike the other government departments that compose the executive branch of government, the governor is the head of the state Executive Department.

Eligibility and requirements 
Under the New York State Constitution, a person must:

• be at least 30 years of age and a United States citizen

• a resident of the state of New York for at least five years
Election process 
The governor is elected by the people through the popular election to a four-year term, along with the lieutenant gubernatorial candidate or the incumbent lieutenant governor as their running mate. The gubernatorial candidate or incumbent governor must have the majority of the popular vote in order to win the election.

Line of succession 
If the governor dies, reigns, or is impeached, the lieutenant governor ranks first in the succession will assume the power and duties as governor.

References 
1777 establishments in New York (state)
The Governor of Texas is the head of the executive branch of Texas's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The gubernatorial election is held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

Living former U.S. governors of Texas
, there are two former U.S. governors of Texas who are currently living at this time, the oldest being George W. Bush (1995–2000, born 1946). The most recent death of a former U.S. governor of Texas was that of Mark White (1983–1987), on August 5, 2017. The most recent U.S. governor of Texas to serve who has died is Ann Richards (1991–1995), who died on September 13, 2006.

References
The Governor of Wisconsin is the highest executive authority in the government of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.  The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state.  Prior to statehood, there were four Governors of Wisconsin Territory.

Living former U.S. governors of Wisconsin 
, there were five former governors of Wisconsin still living. The most recent death of a former Governor of Wisconsin was that of Tony Earl (1983–1987) on February 23, 2023.

References
The Governor of Maryland heads the executive branch of the government of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The Governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the State and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution. Because of the extent of these constitutional powers, the Governor of Maryland has been ranked as being among the most powerful Governors in the United States.

Living former U.S. governors of Maryland
, three former U.S. governors of Maryland are currently living, the oldest being Parris Glendening (served 1995–2003, born 1942). The most recent U.S. governor of Maryland to die was Harry Hughes (served 1979–1987, born 1926), on March 13, 2019.

References
This is a list of the governors of Rhode Island, from 1775 to the present day; for earlier governors of Rhode Island see List of colonial governors of Rhode Island.

List of governors

References
Warwick ( , more locally ) is a city in Kent County, Rhode Island,  United States. It is the second largest city in the state, with a population of 82,823 at the 2020 census.

References

Cities in Rhode Island
Rarotonga is the largest island of the Cook Islands. The chief town, Avarua, is also the nation's capital. As of 2011, 10,572 people live on the island and is nearly 50 km wide.

Cook Islands
Islands of Oceania
The Departed is a 2006 American crime drama thriller movie. It is directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. The movie stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, Mark Wahlberg, Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, Anthony Anderson and Alec Baldwin. It was very successful, getting positive reviews and $289.8 million in the box office as well as winning four Academy Awards. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong movie Infernal Affairs.

The movie is set in Boston, Massachusetts. Irish Mob boss Francis "Frank" Costello (Jack Nicholson) plants Colin Sullivan (Matt Damon) as a mole within the police force. At the same time, the police get William "Billy" Costigan (Leonardo DiCaprio) to gain access into Costello's crew. This leads to Sullivan and Costigan each trying to find the other's identity before his own cover is blown.

Other websites
Other websites
 

2006 drama movies
2000s crime drama movies
2006 crime thriller movies
2000s drama thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
American gangster movies
Best Picture Oscar
2000s English-language movies
Movies directed by Martin Scorsese
Movies set in Boston
Warner Bros. movies
Zaslawskaye reservoir is a man-made lake on the northwestern edge of Minsk, Belarus.  It is located at 	N 53° 58' 51.24"  E 27° 23' 3.12".   It is also sometimes known as the Minsk Sea.  It is about 5 km by 3 1/2 km.

References

Lakes of Belarus
Minsk
Kayyar Kinhanna Rai () (8 June 1915 – 8 August 2015) was an Indian independence activist, author, poet and a journalist. He used to work with Gandhi when peacefully fighting for India's independence.

Kai died from pneumonia at a hospital in Badiyadka, Kasaragod, Kerala at the age of 100.

References

1915 births
2015 deaths
Indian activists
Indian centenarians
Indian writers
Indian journalists
Harkishan Singh Surjeet (23 March 1916 – 1 August 2008) was a communist politician from Punjab, India. He was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from 1992 to 2005 and was a member of the party's Political Bureau from 1964 to 2008.

References

1916 births
2008 deaths
Indian communist politicians
Politicians from Punjab, India
Madison Lee De La Garza (Dallas, Texas; December 28, 2001) is an American actress, maternal half-sister  of the singer and actress Demi Lovato. She is best known by her role of Juanita Solís in Desperate Housewives.

Life and career 
Madison De La Garza was born in Dallas, Texas, daughter of Dianna De La Garza and Eddie De La Garza.

De La Garza plays the recurrent role of Juanita Solís, in Desperate Housewives of ABC. Juanita is the daughter of Gabrielle Solís (Eva Longoria) and Carlos Solís (Ricardo Chavira).

Personal life 
De La Garza has been bullied at school, and her sister Demi  talked about her and that she has been intimidated.

In December 2010, De la Garza announced through Twitter  that she was doing a Christmas present for his sister Demi, who was receiving treatment for "physical and emotional problems"

References

Other websites
 
 
 

Living people
2001 births
Actors from Dallas
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a kind of disease that involves the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral artery disease.

References
The Reform Party of the United States of America (RPUSA), generally known as the Reform Party USA or the Reform Party, is a political party in the United States, founded in 1995 by Ross Perot. It can be seen as a third party to the Republican and Democratic parties. The party had nominated several notable candidates over the years, such as founder Ross Perot, Pat Buchanan, and Ralph Nader. 

The party's most significant victory came when Jesse Ventura was elected governor of Minnesota in 1998.

Best Results in Major Races

References

1995 establishments in the United States
Political parties in the United States
Francis Newton "Frank" Gifford (August 16, 1930 – August 9, 2015) was an American football player and television sportscaster. He was known for broadcasting on Monday Night Football. Gifford played for the New York Giants from 1952 through 1964. He was born in Santa Monica, California.

On August 9, 2015, Gifford died from a heart attack at his home in Greenwich, Connecticut, aged 84. He is survived by his wife of 29 years Kathie Lee Gifford. He suffered from Chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American television presenters
New York Giants players
Sportspeople from Santa Monica, California
Deaths from chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Joyce Jameson (September 26, 1932 – January 16, 1987) was an American actress. She played sexualized roles at the same time Marilyn Monroe was famous. She played a fun girl named Skippy in the 1960s television program The Andy Griffith Show. She played "The Blonde" in the 1960 Academy Award winning movie The Apartment. She also played small parts in other movies and was not listed as a cast member.

Jameson was born in Chicago, Illinois. She committed suicide by overdosing on pills at age 54 in Burbank, California.

References

1932 births
1987 deaths
Actors from Chicago
Actors who committed suicide
American movie actors
American television actors
Drug-related suicides in the United States
Suicides in California