Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The 2010 Israeli–Lebanese clash occurred on August 3, 2010. Israel Defence Forces and Lebanese Armed Forces fought along the border between Israel and Lebanon. Early reports said three Lebanese soldiers and a civilian were killed while five soldiers were wounded; reports also said one Israeli soldier was killed and two were wounded. This was the most serious fighting on the border since the 2006 Lebanon War.

References 

2010 in Israel
21st century in Lebanon
Arab–Israeli conflict
August 2010 events
The conflict began in late 1960s and escalated in the 1970s. After the PLO leadership and its Fatah brigade were expelled from Jordan in 1971 for fomenting a revolt, they entered Lebanon and internal and cross-border violence increased. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) had already recruited militants in Lebanon from among the families of Palestinian refugees who were expelled or fled due to the creation of Israel in 1948. By 1968, the PLO and Israel were committing cross border attacks against each other. Meanwhile, demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact led to the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). PLO was one of the key factors to the eruption of the Lebanese Civil War and its bitter battles with Lebanese factions caused foreign intervention. Israel's 1978 invasion of Lebanon pushed the PLO north of the Litani River, but the PLO continued their campaign against Israel
. Israel invaded Lebanon again in 1982, in alliance with major Lebanese Christian militias, and forcibly expelled the PLO. Israel withdrew to a slim borderland buffer zone, held with the aid of proxy militants in the South Lebanon Army (SLA). Israel and Lebanon signed the May 17 Agreement providing a framework for the establishment of normal bilateral relations between the two countries, but relations were disrupted with takeover of Shia and Druze militias in early 1984.
Hostilities were suspended on 8 September 2006. As of 2009 Hezbollah had not disarmed. On 18 June 2008, Israel declared that it was open to peace talks with Lebanon.

References

Middle East
1960s conflicts
1970s conflicts
1980s conflicts
1990s conflicts
2000s conflicts
The Arab–Israeli conflict  is a term used to describe the political tensions and open hostilities between the Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa and the State of Israel. The conflict has gone on since 1948.

The Arab–Israeli conflict began from earlier tensions between the Arab and Jewish communities in British Mandatory Palestine, with the rise of two nationalist movements - Zionist movement among Jews and Arab nationalism among the Arabs.  The ethnic conflict in Mandatory Palestine was also a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which created tension over the division and ownership of the land.  While the Jewish people saw the land as their historical homeland of the Land of Israel, the Palestinian people and Pan-Arab movement saw the land as Palestine belonging to the Arabs and in the Pan-Islamic context, as territory regarded as Muslim lands.
The modern conflict started with the 1948 Arab-Israeli war in parallel with the creation of state of Israel by the Jews. Later, on the course of the 1948 War, the All-Palestine Government was created in Gaza Strip by the Arab League, as an Arab Palestinian state.  Israel won the 1948 war, and the All-Palestine Government moved to Cairo in Egypt and were not allowed to return to Gaza.  They gradually lost importance, until abolished in 1959 by the Egyptian President Nasser.
In 1964, another Palestinian political organization was formed by Yasser Arafat (named Palestinian Liberation Organization), and became the most important Palestinian movement. In 1967, Arab countries and Israel fought the Six-Day War, resulting in Israeli takeover of Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, West Bank from Jordan and Golan Heights from Syria.  Jordan, Egypt and PLO soon began a low-level War of Attrition, which lasted from 1967 to 1970 with no significant benefits to any side.  In 1973, another major war, the Yom Kippur War, was started by Egypt and Syria to regain the territory lost in the Six Day War.  Egypt liberated part of the Sinai, and Syria was pushed back to Damascus. Egypt and Israel both claimed victory and till now historians argue as to whom the victory belongs to.

Over the years, it has changed from the large-scale Arab–Israeli conflict to a more local Israeli-Palestinian conflict, though the Arab World and Israel still disagree with each other over specific territory.
The Gaza War was a three-week armed conflict that took place in the Gaza Strip during the winter of 2008–2009. It was codenamed Operation Cast Lead ( Mivtza Oferet Yetzuka) by the Israeli government.
The Gaza War is said to have begun when Israel started an air strike against the Gaza Strip on Dec. 27. This was after a six-month truce between Israel and Hamas had run out and Hamas had resumed rocket attacks against Israel. Israel's said its aim was to stop Hamas' rocket attacks on Israel from and arms import into the territory. Israeli forces attacked military targets, police stations and government buildings. Hamas intensified its rocket and mortar attacks against Southern Israel, reaching the major cities of Beersheba and Ashdod for the first time. An Israeli ground invasion began on January 3, 2009. The war ended on January 18, when Israel first declared a unilateral(one-sided) ceasefire, followed by Hamas' announcing a one-week ceasefire twelve hours later. Israel completed its withdrawal on January 21. The conflict resulted in between 1,166 and 1,417 Palestinian and 13 Israeli deaths.

References
References

2008 in Asia
2009 in Asia
Arab–Israeli conflict
History of the Gaza Strip
Wars involving Asia
2000s conflicts
The Peugeot 406 was a car produced by Peugeot. It replaced the 405 in 1995 with an estate and coupe models added in 1997, facelifted in 1999 and in 2004 it was replaced by the 407.

Engines

Petrol 
 1.6 65 kW (88 hp)
 1.8 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.8 16V 81 kW (110 hp) and 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.0 16V 97 kW (132 hp), 99 kW (135 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
 2.0 Turbo 108 kW (147 hp)
 2.2 16V 116 kW (158 hp)
 3.0 V6 140 kW (190 hp) and 152 kW (207 hp)

Diesel 
 1.9 SD 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.9 TD 66 kW (90 hp)
 2.0 HDi 66 kW (90 hp), 79 kW (107 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
 2.1 TD 80 kW (109 hp)
 2.2 HDi 98 kW (136 hp)

406
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Robert Diggs (born July 5, 1969) is an American rapper and producer, as well as a member of the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan, better known by his stage name, RZA. He was a member of Gravediggaz. He was known as Rzarector. This is a pun on 'resurrector'. RZA has written two books.

RZA started his music career in 1991 when he released the EP Ooh I Love You Rakeem.

Discography 
 Bobby Digital in Stereo (1998)
  Digital Bullet (2001)
  Birth of a Prince (2003)
  Digi Snacks (2008)

References 

1969 births
Living people
Rappers from New York (state)
Musicians from New York City
Jordan Staal (born September 10, 1988) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is regarded as one of the NHL's premier penalty-killers, both for his strong defensive skills, along with his scoring touch that makes him a threat for shorthanded goals. He has also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins for 6 seasons before he was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes during the 2012 NHL Entry Draft on June 22, 2012.

Awards
OHL All-Star - 2006
Played in CHL Top Prospects Game - 2006
Shared Pittsburgh Penguins Michel Brière Rookie of the Year Award with Evgeni Malkin - 2007
Calder Memorial Trophy nomination - 2007
NHL All-Rookie Team - 2007
Stanley Cup - 2009 (Pittsburgh Penguins)
Frank J. Selke Trophy nomination - 2010
Records 
NHL record; youngest player to score two shorthanded goals in one game - October 21, 2006 against the Columbus Blue Jackets (; surpassed Radek Dvořák of the Florida Panthers; 20 years, 278 days on December 12, 1997)
NHL record; youngest player to score on a penalty shot - (; surpassed Nathan Horton of the Florida Panthers; 18 years, 224 days on January 8, 2004)
NHL record; youngest player to score a hat trick - February 10, 2007 against the Toronto Maple Leafs (; surpassed Jack Hamilton of the Toronto Maple Leafs; 18 years, 185 days old on December 4, 1943)
 NHL record; most short-handed goals by a rookie, in 2006–07 (7 shorthanded goals; surpassed Gerry Minor of the Vancouver Canucks in 1980–81 and John Madden in 1999–00; 6 shorthanded goals)

Career statistics

International

References

Other websites
Other websites

1988 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Carolina Hurricanes players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Stanley Cup champions
Ontario Hockey League players
Fox Sports Digital Media, formerly known as News Corp. Digital Media and Fox Interactive Media, is a subsidiary of Fox Sports Media Group which operates Fox Sports' online properties in the United States.

News Corporation
Napoleon Buddy D'umo (born October 17, 1968) and Tabitha A. D'umo (née Cortopassi born September 11, 1973), also known as Nappytabs, are husband and wife choreographers who are often credited with developing the new style of hip-hop dance known as lyrical hip-hop. They have been working together in the dance industry since 1996 and are best known for their choreography on the TV show So You Think You Can Dance. They were nominated for a 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography for their work on the fourth season of the show. Napoleon and Tabitha were also supervising choreographers on MTV's America's Best Dance Crew for the first five seasons.
Napoleon and Tabitha started their career in Las Vegas while they were still in college choreographing industrial musicals for large businesses. After moving to Los Angeles, they began teaching hip-hop dance classes and choreographing for professional basketball and football dance teams including the Orlando Magic and the Dallas Cowboys. Their career improved to choreographing music videos, commercials, movies, television shows, and concerts. Napoleon and Tabitha have worked with entertainers such as Missy Elliott, Celine Dion, Kanye West, Ricky Martin, and Jennifer Lopez. They have also choreographed for Cirque Du Soleil. In addition to choreography and teaching classes, they direct concert tours and live events and have their own dance clothing line called Nappytabs.
Early life
While growing up in Victorville, California, Napoleon learned how to dance by traveling to Los Angeles and spending time with b-boys; he was eventually cast as an extra in the movie Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo in 1984. After graduating from Apple Valley High School, Napoleon joined the US military and was sent to Germany. After he was discharged from the military, he attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) where he majored in molecular biology. In college, Napoleon started taking jazz dance and modern dance classes. He eventually received a full scholarship as a member of the university's dance team.
Tabitha and Napoleon started their professional partnership in 1996 while still in college as part of the dance company Culture Shock. During their time with Culture Shock, they choreographed a variety of industrial musicals—musicals performed for the employees of a business to motivate/entertain—for companies such as Nike, Levi, Redken, Matrix Hair, and MAC. Although Tabitha was planning to take a job in public relations and Napoleon was planning to attend medical school, they both decided when they graduated college to pursue a career in the dance industry.

Career

Choreography
Napoleon and Tabitha have choreographed for sports teams, movies, television, and for the stage. They have choreographed for NFL and NBA dance teams including the Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, Chicago Bulls, and Orlando Magic. Some of the celebrities they have worked with include Sean Kingston, Jennifer Lopez, Carrie Underwood, Celine Dion, Missy Elliott, Destiny's Child, and Timbaland.
Napoleon and Tabitha were supervising choreographers for America's Best Dance Crew from season one in 2008 to season five in 2010. Also in 2008, Napoleon and Tabitha joined the choreography team on Fox's So You Think You Can Dance (SYTYCD). It was on this show that their lyrical hip-hop style gained popularity. The term lyrical hip-hop was created by SYTYCD judge Adam Shankman when he commented on a routine choreographed by Napoleon and Tabitha to Leona Lewis' song "Bleeding Love".

This routine was later nominated for a 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography. In an interview with DanceInforma.com Tabitha stated that they do not create choreography without a story because the story determines the movement and the feeling they want to show: "We listen to the song over and over and over and finally we find that skeleton and then we can start preparing some steps."
In April 2009, Napoleon and Tabitha choreographed three dance routines for the second season of So You Think You Can Dance Australia. SYTYCD Australia judge and choreographer Matt Lee called their "Dead and Gone" lyrical hip-hop routine the best routine of the season. Later that year in September, Napoleon and Tabitha choreographed the opening dance performance on the season seven premiere of The Ellen Degeneres Show. The performance featured both DeGeneres and the top 10 dancers from season five of So You Think You Can Dance.

In February 2010, Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed Cirque Du Soleil's Viva ELVIS show at the Aria Resort & Casino in Las Vegas. In July, they choreographed a hip-hop routine for Seattle Theatre Group's 12th Annual DANCE This concert. In September, they choreographed a pilot episode for another dance television show called MOBBED. The following year, MOBBED expanded to a series and Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed another ten episodes.
Teaching
Napoleon and Tabitha spend a lot of time teaching classes at dance studios and conventions—regional educational events hosted by professional dancers. They have taught hip-hop dance at Millennium Dance Complex, the Edge Performing Arts Center, Xtreme Dance Force, Shock the Intensive, Coastal Dance Rage, iHollywood, and Monsters of Hip Hop dance conventions. They were guest instructors at Project 818 in Moscow, Russia and judges at the 2009 Australian Hip Hop Championships in Sydney.
Directing
Most of Napoleon and Tabitha's work is in choreography and teaching but they have also provided creative direction for tours and live events. Creative directors are responsible for the design, vision, and theme of a show. In 2006 and 2007, they served as assistant creative directors for Christina Aguilera’s Back to Basics Tour and for Ricky Martin’s Black and White Tour. In 2008, they were assistant creative directors for Celine Dion's Taking Chances Tour   and Kanye West’s Glow in the Dark Tour. They were the lead creative directors for Monsters of Hip Hop: The Show, the So You Think You Can Dance Tour, and America's Best Dance Crew Live.

In 2009, they directed the second So You Think You Can Dance Tour and in 2010 they directed the Jabbawockeez' MÜS.I.C (muse-i-see) show at the MGM Grand Las Vegas hotel and casino. In 2013, Tabitha and Napoleon directed a new show for the Jabbawockeez called PRiSM.
Projects
Napoleon and Tabitha have their own line of dance clothing line called Nappytabs. Nappytabs is the first line of hip-hop dance clothing. They decided to create it because of the lack of appropriate dance clothing for urban hip-hop dancers. For this reason, it is only sold at selected regional dance clothing stores, major dance conventions, online through the Nappytabs official website, and at their only retail location and dance studio in North Hollywood.

In 2007, Tabitha was the host of an exercise DVD titled Drop it with Dance.
The video is split into six 10-minute routines that gradually increase in difficulty; movements from all six routines are combined in the finale "Showtime" segment. Tabitha also appeared in Rock Your Body, a dance/fitness DVD hosted by choreographer and creative director Jamie King who is known primarily for his work with Madonna.
Napoleon and Tabitha appeared in the dance documentary MOVE. The movie is about dance as an art form and how notable choreographers were able to go from dancing as a hobby to dancing as a career. There are over fifty dance professionals who appear in this movie including director and choreographer Kenny Ortega.

Awards and recognition
In 2009, Tabitha and Napoleon were nominated for an Emmy Award for the lyrical hip-hop routine "Bleeding Love" that they choreographed on season four of So You Think You Can Dance. On September 10, 2011, they won an Emmy Award for three routines they choreographed on season seven—"Scars", "Fallin'", and "Outta Your Mind". Three months earlier, Entertainment Weekly magazine made a list of the "25 Best Performances Ever" on the show. Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed four routines on the list.
On July 3, 2013, Tabitha and Napoleon won a Dancers' Choice Award for their work on the television shows Mobbed, American Idol, and So You Think You Can Dance. The same month, they were nominated for another Emmy Award for three routines they choreographed on season nine of So You Think You Can Dance: "Love Cats", "Beautiful People", and "Call Of The Wild".

On August 17, 2014, they won their second Emmy Award for their work on season ten of So You Think You Can Dance.

Collaborations

1 Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed Ellen's "Outta Your Mind" performance on the season seven finale episode in 2010.
2 Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed Jennifer Lopez's guest performance.
3 Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed the season seven premiere of The Ellen Degeneres Show in 2009.
4 The film featured only Yunho in a cameo performance.

References

Other websites
Napoleon and Tabitha D'umo at Facebook
Napoleon and Tabitha D'umo at Instagram

Living people
American dancers
American choreographers
Emmy Award winners
The Audi Q5 is an SUV produced by Audi since 2008. It is based on the platform of the Audi A4 and has permanent allwheel drive, called quattro.

Engines

Petrol 
 2.0 TFSI 132 kW (180 hp) and 155 kW (212 hp)
 3.2 FSI 199 kW (270 hp)

Diesel 
 2.0 TDI 105 kW (143 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
 3.0 TDI 176 kW (240 hp)

Q5
Sport utility vehicles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
The Suica is a card that people can use to pay for train fares and goods at convenience stores in mainland Japan, as well as other store types and regions. Cash amount can be added or removed electronically, simply by hovering the card over a card reader. It is convenient and faster to use than coins and bills, and magnetic stripe cards. The technology used is called RFID, and a chip by Sony is used, called FeliCa.

Tokyo
Jared  Staal (born August 21, 1990 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently with the Charlotte Checkers of the American Hockey League. He is the younger brother of Eric Staal of the Carolina Hurricanes, Marc Staal of the New York Rangers, and Jordan Staal of the Pittsburgh Penguins.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

Other websites

1990 births
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Charlotte Checkers (2010–) players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Providence Bruins players
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
San Antonio Rampage players
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
Ontario Hockey League players
Attabad Lake (sometimes called Gojal Lake) is a lake in Hunza Valley in northern Pakistan. The lake was created by a landslide which happened in the village of Attabad on 4 January 2010. The landslide killed twenty people. It blocked the flow of the Hunza River for five months.

The flooding caused by the blockage covered the Karakoram Highway. Six thousand people had to move from upstream villages. Another 25,000 people had to stay where they were because roads were blocked. It inundated over  of the Karakoram Highway.

By the first week of June 2010, the new lake was  long and over  deep. At that time, it flowed over the landslide dam, completely submerging lower Shishkat and partly flooding Gulmit.   The subdivision of Gojal has the greatest number of flooded buildings, over 170 houses and 120 shops. The residents also had shortages of food and other items due to the blockage of the Karakoram Highway.
By June 4 water outflow from the lake had increased to 3700 cu ft/sec.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Lakes of Pakistan
In motorsport, the fastest lap is the quickest lap run during a race. Some series, like A1 Grand Prix and the GP2 series, award bonus points to the driver/team with the fastest lap. Formula One awarded one point to the driver that set the fastest lap until 1960. 

In Grand Prix motorcycle racing, which includes the 80cc, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc, and 500cc/MotoGP classes, no point is awarded for the fastest lap.  Giacomo Agostini holds the current record for the most fastest laps with 117.  Valentino Rossi, who still actively races in MotoGP, is in second place with 83 fastest laps.

Formula 1 
In Formula One, 120 different drivers have made fastest race laps. German driver Michael Schumacher has made the most number of total fastest laps with 76. He is followed by Frenchman Alain Prost with 41 and by Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen with 35. Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio and Brazilian Nelson Piquet both had 23 fastest laps, the most for South Americans.

Motor sports
Informed consent is the right of a citizen who will undergo medical treatment or care to know about the kind of treatment or service that will be provided by the doctor as well as the procedures involved. It also includes the right to refuse any treatment or care without prior approval.
 
Informed consent is part of the medical ethics to avoid medical abuse or accidents. It has been admitted as one of the human rights in some international agreements, and also in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Medicine
Ethics
Legal terms
Ali Baba (, ʿAli Bāba) is a fictional character, who is described in the adventure tale of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. It is believed by some critics that this story was added to One Thousand and One Nights by one of its European translators, Antoine Galland, who is an 18th-century French orientalist who may have heard it in oral form from a Middle Eastern story-teller from Aleppo. However, another writer and scholar Sir Richard Francis Burton said it was a part of the original One Thousand and One Nights. Most Arab and Persian (Irani) scholars seem to also agree with Burton.

References

Texts
Pitt education

Characters in written fiction
Bullitt is a 1968 American thriller movie that was produced by Philip D'Antoni and Robert E. Relyea and directed by Peter Yates.

Awards
The movie won and has been nominated for many awards including:

Academy Award for Best Film Editing (won)
Academy Award for Best Sound (nominated)
BAFTA Award for Best Direction - Peter Yates (nominated)
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Robert Vaughn (nominated)
BAFTA Award from Best Cinematography - William A. Fraker (nominated)
BAFTA Award from Best Film Editing (nominated)
BAFTA Award from Best Sound Track (nominated)
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Cinematography (won)
Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing - Feature Film (won)
2nd place Golden Laurel awards for Best Action Drama, Best Action Performance (Steve McQueen) and Best Female New Face
Cast 
 Steve McQueen as Lieutenant Frank Bullitt
 Robert Vaughn as Walter Chalmers
 Jacqueline Bisset as Cathy
 James Hagan as Bob Thompson
 Vic Tayback as Pete Ross
 Felice Orlandi as Johnny Ross
 Don Gordon as Sergeant Delgetti
 Carl Reindel as Detective Carl Stanton
 Paul Genge as Hitman 1
 Bill Hickman as Hitman 2
 Georg Stanford Brown as Doctor Willard
 Norman Fell as Captain Baker
 Brandy Carroll as Dorothy Simmons
 Pat Renella as  The Real Johnny Ross

Other websites 
 
 

1968 crime movies
1968 thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
Chase movies
English-language movies
Movies about murderers
Movies based on books
Movies set in San Francisco
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by Peter Yates
These are the complete Grand Prix racing results for Daimler Benz AG, the official name of the works Mercedes-Benz team, including Formula One.

Complete European Championship results 
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position, results in italics indicate fastest lap)
Notes 
 After Von Brauchitsch's car retired from the race, he took over Fagioli's car.
 Fagioli car had already retired. After Caracciola's car developed mechanical problems, he quit the race and Fagioli took over Caracciola's car.
 After Caracciola's car retired from the race, he took over Lang's car. Lang then took over von Brauchitsch's car. Caracciola retired Lang's car and then took over Fagioli's car.
 After Fagioli's car retired, he took over Lang's car.
 Lang's car developed a problem and was handed over to reserve driver Walter Bäumer. Caracciola fell ill and handed his car over to Lang.
 Lang got glass in his eye after his goggles were smashed by a stone. His car was taken over by reserve driver Walter Bäumer.
 Caracciola was burnt by leaking exhaust and handed his car over to von Brauchitsch. Von Brauchitsch later handed it back to Caracciola after suffering the same problem.

Complete Formula One results
As a works (factory) team 
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position, results in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Constructors' Championship not awarded until .
 Indicates shared drive.
 Season in progress.

As an engine supplier 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Jump to: 2000 2010

 Season in progress

References 

Formula One constructor results
Formula One current
Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam (; born April 16, 1973), known mononymously as Akon, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and entrepreneur. Akon began his career as a singer-rapper, with his big break arriving in 2004 with the release of the singles "Locked Up" and "Lonely." Both songs achieving great success, leading up to an album deal with Universal Motown. In the 2010s, Akon branched out onto philanthropy (Akon Lighting Africa), property development (Akon City in Senegal), television/movie production, politics, and others. 

He grew up in Senegal but at age 7, his family settled in New Jersey. His father, Mor Thiam was a successful jazz percussionist. Soon after moving back to the United States, Akon discovered hip-hop for the first time. Akon has collaborated with and produced for some of the biggest names in the music industry.
Akon has been nominated for many awards including 5 Grammy Awards, 3 American Music Awards winning 1 and 4 MTV Video Music Awards.  Billboard ranked Akon number 6 on the list of Top Digital Songs Artists of the decade.

Akon had been friends with Michael Jackson until his death. Akon released a tribute song called "Cry Out Of Joy". In 2010, a song that Akon sung with Jackson, "Hold My Hand", was released. It was also released on Michael.

Discography

Studio albums
 Trouble (2004)
 Konvicted (2006)
 Freedom (2008)
 El Negreeto (2019)
 Akonda (2019)
 Konnect (TBC)
 The Konnection (TBC)

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1973 births
Living people
American contemporary R&B singers
American dance musicians
Senegalese people
People from Dakar
Singers from St. Louis, Missouri
Singers from Atlanta
Singers from New Jersey
American pop singers
American record producers
Rappers from Missouri
American Muslims
Businesspeople from Atlanta
Businesspeople from Missouri
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Thích Quảng Đức (1897 – June 11, 1963) was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk. He was born in Hội Khánh, French Indochina. He committed suicide by burning himself to death while sitting in a street in Saigon. He was protesting the South Vietnam's government and Catholic president Ngô Đình Diệm's persecution of Buddhists. Pictures of him burning spread around the world, and made more people know about the Buddhist crisis.

Because of Quảng Đức's protest, Diệm said that he was going to change how the government acted towards Buddhists. However, Diệm did not, so Buddhists kept protesting. The ARVN Special Forces (a group in the Vietnamese army) attacked many Buddhist pagodas in South Vietnam. They took Quảng Đức's heart, and killed many people. Many Buddhist monks were inspired by Quảng Đức, and also burned themselves to death. The Buddhist crisis ended when Diệm was killed in a coup in 1963.
Life 
When he was born, Quảng Đức was named Lâm Văn Túc. He had six siblings. When he was seven, he left Hội Khánh to study Buddhism. His teacher, Thích Hoằng Thâm, took care of him. Lâm Văn Túc changed his name to Nguyễn Văn Khiết. When he was 20, he became a monk, and was renamed to Thích Quảng Đức. After becoming a monk, he went to live in a mountain in Khánh Hòa. He lived there as a hermit for three years. Later in his life, he came back to the mountain to make a pagoda.
After being a hermit for three years, he left the mountain. Quảng Đức traveled around central Vietnam teaching people about the dharma. After two years, he went into retreat at a pagoda near Nha Trang. In 1932, he became an inspector (someone that makes sure rules are being followed) for the Buddhist Association in Ninh Hòa. He later became an inspector for monks in Khánh Hòa, the province where he was born. While he was in central Vietnam, he helped build 14 temples. In 1934, he moved to southern Vietnam and taught people about Buddhism. He later went to Cambodia for two years to learn about Theravada Buddhism.

After he came back to Vietnam, he helped build 17 more temples. After building these temples, Quảng Đức became a leading member of the Congregation of Vietnamese Monks. He also became the abbot (Buddhist temple leader) of the Phuoc Hoa pagoda.

Protest
Protest

Background 
About 70 to 90 percent of people in South Vietnam were Buddhist. However, the country's president, Ngô Đình Diệm, was Catholic. He made many laws that made things easier for Catholics, such as being promoted in the military and getting land. Many officers in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam became Catholic so they could still be officers. When village militias in South Vietnam were given weapons, they were only given to Catholics. Some Buddhists in the army were not promoted unless they became Catholic.

Some Catholic priests had their own armies. Some of them made people become Catholic and destroyed pagodas. The government did not do anything about this. Some Buddhist villages became Catholic so that the government could help them. Catholics did not have to do corvée (unpaid) work, which the government made everyone else do. When the United States gave money to South Vietnam, Diệm gave most of it to Catholic villages.
The Catholic Church was the largest landowner in South Vietnam. The Vatican flag was shown at all major events in South Vietnam.

Many Buddhists got very angry when the government did not let them show the Buddhist flag in Huế on Buddha's birthday. Earlier, the government let Catholics show the Vatican flag at an event for Ngô Đình Thục, an archbishop. A large group of Buddhists protested this, and marched while showing Buddhist flags on Buddha's birthday. Government soldiers shot at the group, and killed nine people. Diệm said that the Viet Cong were the ones who killed the protestors. This led to more Buddhist protests.

Burning
Burning 

On June 10 1963, United States journalists in South Vietnam were told that "something important" would happen the next day in front of the Cambodian embassy in Saigon. Most of the journalists did not do anything, because the Buddhist crisis had been going on for a month. The next day, only a few journalists went to the Cambodian embassy. Quảng Đức came to the embassy as a member of a Buddhist parade. Around 350 monks and nuns were in the parade, and they were led by a car. They had signs with words in Vietnamese and English that said Diệm's laws against Buddhists were bad. They wanted religious equality.
The parade stopped, and Quảng Đức came out of the car with two monks. One of them put a cushion on the road in front of the embassy, and another got a five-gallon can of gasoline from the trunk of the car. Quảng Đức sat on the cushion in lotus position, and the gasoline was poured onto him. He rotated a string of prayer beads in his hands, and then used a match to light himself on fire. Flames went around his entire body, and a thick black smoke came off of him.

Quảng Đức's last words were in a letter. He wrote that Diệm needed to have religious equality in South Vietnam to keep the country strong. He also wrote that other Buddhists should "make sacrifices to protect Buddhism".

The people who watched the protest were mostly silent, but some cried and prayed. Many of the monks and nuns from the parade laid on the ground around Quảng Đức while he burned. Some of the police officers who were sent to control the crowd also did this.
A Buddhist monk repeated the words "a Buddhist priest burns himself to death. A Buddhist priest becomes a martyr." into a microphone in English and Vietnamese. After arond 10 minutes, Quảng Đức's body fell onto its back. Once the fire stopped, a group of monks covered the body with robes. They picked it up and put it into a coffin, then carried it to Xá Lợi pagoda in the center of Saigon. Outside of the pagoda, students showed banners that said "a Buddhist priest burns himself for our five requests" in English and Vietnamese.

At 1:30 p.m., around 1,000 monks met inside of the pagoda. Outside, a large number of students blocked anyone else from going inside. After the meeting ended, 900 of the monks left. The police stayed near the pagoda. At around 6:00 p.m., thirty six Buddhists were arrested for praying on the street outside of the pagoda. Police officers blocked anyone from going inside of the pagoda.
Funeral and events after death 
After the protest, the United States wanted Diệm to give the Buddhists want they wanted. After Quảng Đức died, Diệm had meetings about the Buddhist crisis with all of his ministers. United States Secretary of State Dean Rusk told the United States embassy in Saigon that the U.S. government would not "associate itself" with Diệm's government if the Buddhists were not given what they wanted. On June 16, the Joint Communiqué was signed. This was an agreement between Buddhist leaders and South Vietnam.

Quảng Đức's funeral was supposed to be on June 15. However, the funeral was postponed after 4,000 people came to it. On June 19, his body was carried to a cemetery 16 kilometers south of Saigon. His body was cremated, and 500 monks came to the funeral.
When he was cremated, Quảng Đức's heart did not burn. This was thought to be holy, and the heart was put in Xá Lợi pagoda. Because of this, many Vietnamese Buddhists say Quảng Đức is a bodhisattva, and call him Bồ Tát Thích Quảng Đức. On August 21, the ARVN Special Forces attacked Xá Lợi and other pagodas. They wanted to take Quảng Đức's ashes, but two monks took the ashes and ran away. The Special Forces took Quảng Đức's heart.

Impact 

Vietnamese monks had burned themselves to death before Quảng Đức. Buddhists had been doing it for centuries to honor Gautama Buddha. In 1948, a monk in Harbin, China burned himself to death. He was protesting how Mao Zedong and Chinese communists treated Buddhists. His heart did not burn, in the same way that Quảng Đức's heart did not burn.
Malcolm Browne, an American journalist, took pictures of Quảng Đức burning himself to death. They were quickly put on the front page of many newspapers worldwide. The protest is thought of as a major point of the Buddhist crisis, and the start of Diệm's government failing.

Diệm's newspaper, The Times of Vietnam, said many bad things about journalists and Buddhists. The newspaper wrote stories named things such as "Monks plot murder". Diệm also said that Browne gave Quảng Đức money to burn himself.

After Quảng Đức's protest, five more monks burned themselves in the Buddhist crisis. On November 1, Diệm's government was overthrown by a coup. Diệm and his brother Ngô Đình Nhu were killed on November 2.

References 

1897 births
1963 deaths
Buddhist monks
People who committed suicide
Vietnamese people
Storms of My Grandchildren is the first book written by climate scientist James Hansen.

Hansen says that the burning of fossil fuels is changing our climate and that the earth is in danger. Millions of species, and humanity itself, are threatened. The title of the book, Storms of My Grandchildren, refers to the extreme weather events "that will greet the next generation if the unmitigated use of fossil fuels continues".

Hansen states that we immediately need to "reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to at most 350 ppm in order to avoid disasters for coming generations".   He says that we need to reduce coal plant emissions, and improve forestry and agricultural practices.

Storms of My Grandchildren has been reviewed in Nature, the Los Angeles Times, Science, and Cosmos.

James Hansen is director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and is often called the "father of global warming".

References

Other websites
Official website

Climate change
Science books
Environment
2009 books
The Star of Bethlehem, also called the Christmas Star, is a star in the Bible and Christian tradition that let the Magi know that Jesus was born, and later helped them go to Bethlehem. According to the Gospel of Matthew, the star made the magi travel to Jerusalem. There they met King Herod of Judea, and asked where the king of the Jews had been born. Herod's advisors said that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem, a nearby village, because of a prophecy in the Book of Micah. While the magi were going to Bethlehem, they saw the star again. The star stopped above the place where Jesus was born. There, the magi saw Jesus with his mother, worshipped him and gave costly presents to him. They then returned to their "own country".

Christians usually think of the star as a miraculous sign to show the birth of the Christ. Astronomers have thought of many different explanations for the star. A nova, a planet, a comet, an occultation, and a conjunction (planets coming together) have all been suggested.
Some scholars say that the story is not historically right and that the star was not real.

The Star of Bethlehem is a well-loved subject at planetarium shows during Christmas, but the Bible seems to suggest that the magi visited Jesus at least several months after he was born. The visit is usually celebrated on Epiphany (January 6) in Western Christianity and on Christmas (December 25) in Eastern Christianity.

Biblical story 
The Gospel of Matthew says that Magi (usually translated as "wise men", but probably meaning here "astronomer" or "astrologer") came to the court of Herod in Jerusalem and told the king of a star which marked the birth of the King of the Jews:
Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold (see), wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, saying, Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we have seen His star in the East [or at its rising] and have come to worship Him. When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together, he inquired of them (asked) where the Christ was to be born.

Herod was "troubled"–not about the star, but because a "king of the Jews" had been born. He understood that this meant the Messiah. The Messiah was a leader of the Jewish people, and had been spoken of in Old Testament prophecies. So he asked his helpers where the Messiah would be born. They replied that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem, the place where King David was born, remembering what the prophet Micah had said. The king told this to the magi.
Then Herod, when he had secretly called the wise men, determined from them what time the star appeared. And he sent them to Bethlehem and said, Go and search carefully for the young Child, and when you have found Him, bring back word to me, that I may come and worship Him also. When they heard the king, they departed (went away); and behold, the star which they had seen in the East went before them, till it came and stood over where the young Child was. When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly (very) great joy.
Matthew suggests that the magi knew from the star that the "king of the Jews" had already been born even before they entered Jerusalem. They gave Jesus gold, frankincense, and myrrh as presents. The magi were told in a dream not to go back to Jerusalem. So, they "left for their own country by another road". When Herod found out that he had been tricked, he ordered all male children in Bethlehem who were 2 or younger to be killed. Joseph was warned in a dream to escape. He took his family to Egypt to be safe. The Gospel connects the escape to a verse from the Old Testament, which is seen as a prophecy: "Out of Egypt I called My Son." The Old Testament verse was about how the Hebrews went away from Egypt, led by Moses. Because of this, the quote seems to suggest that Matthew thought that Jesus' life was like the story of the Jewish people. Judea could have symbolized Egypt and Herod represented pharaoh
. After Herod died, God called Joseph and his family back from Egypt, and they settled in to Nazareth in Galilee.
Discovering the year Jesus was born 

One way to interpret the Star of Bethlehem is to find the year in which Jesus was born. Matthew wrote that Jesus was born when Herod was king. According to Josephus, Herod died shortly after a lunar eclipse. This lunar eclipse is often thought of as the eclipse of March 13, 4 BC. Those who ruled after Herod used coins showing that they dated their rules as beginning in 4 BC. Because of this, it is mostly thought that Herod died that year. However, some still disagree with this idea.

Explanations

Fulfillment of prophecy 
From long ago, many people believed that the movements of the stars were connected with the things that happened on earth. Miracles were often thought to happen at the same time important people were born.
The Star of Bethlehem is traditionally linked to the Star Prophecy in the Book of Numbers:
I see Him, but not now;
I behold Him, but not near;
A Star shall come out of Jacob;
A Scepter shall rise out of Israel,
And batter the brow of Moab,
And destroy all the sons of tumult.

By the time the Gospels were written, it was thought by many people that it was about the coming of a Messiah. For example, Josephus quoted it (though he thought it was about Emperor Vespasian).

In art 
Paintings and other works of art about the magi's visit may include the star. In the fresco by Giotto di Bondone, it is in the shape of a comet. In a tapestry about the Magi, designed by Edward Burne-Jones, the star is held by an angel.

Christmas songs 
Christmas songs often describe the Star of Bethlehem. For example, We Three Kings has the words:
O star of wonder, star of light,
Star with royal beauty bright,
Westward leading, still proceeding,
Guide us to thy perfect light.

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites 
 
Case, Shirley Jackson (2006). Jesus: A New Biography Gorgias Press LLC: New Ed. .
 
 

Gospels
Bethlehem
Astrology
Christian terminology
Felipe Andres Coronel (born February 19, 1978 in Lima, Peru)  is an American rapper better known by his stage name Immortal Technique. 

Immortal Technique's lyrics are usually about politics and racism.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Other websites
 Immortal Technique's Twitter

1978 births
American activists
Rappers from New York (state)
Living people
Peruvian entertainers
American poets
Singers from New York City
Writers from Lima
Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives is an American food reality television show created by Guy Fieri. It is shown on the Food Network and follows American cook Guy Fieri as he searches for America's best diners, drive-ins and dives.

2000s American television series
2010s American television series
2006 American television series debuts
Food Network
English-language television programs
Kiddieland Amusement Park was an amusement park located just west of Chicago at the corner of North Avenue and First Avenue in Melrose Park, Illinois. It was home to several classic rides including the Little Dipper roller coaster, which opened in 1950. The park closed on September 27, 2009, at 8 PM, and demolished in 2010 to make way for a new Costco store.

History
Kiddieland started out as a small venture of Arthur Fritz in 1929 when he purchased six ponies and offered rides as an escape for parents reeling from the Great Depression. Miniature gasoline-powered cars were added a few years later after Fritz learned that they were being given away to children by a Chicago newspaper as a subscription promotion.
In 1940, the "German Carousel", two Miniature Steam Locomotives, the "Little Auto Ride", the "Roto Whip" and the "Ferris Wheel" were added. The latter two lasted until the park's closing. The park saw its first major expansion in the 1950s with the addition of the Little Dipper and the Carousel, of which both still exist today. Bumper cars were added in the 1960s as they replaced the original pony ride.

The park transferred ownership in 1977, as Arthur Fritz's grandchildren took over the park and its operation. The park continued its expansion and installed several major attractions, including a Log flume, a swinging pirate ship, a  long water coaster, and numerous other attractions.
Closure 
A dispute developed between Shirley and Glenn Rynes, who own the land that Kiddieland occupies, and Ronald Rynes, Jr. and Cathy and Tom Norini, who own the amusement park itself. The landowners sued the park owners in 2004, claiming that the park had an improper insurance policy and that fireworks were prohibited in the lease. The case was thrown out in a Cook County court and later in an appeals court. The landowners declined to extend the lease on the land in early 2009. In late June 2010, it was announced that Kiddieland would be demolished, nine months after the park closed to the public. A Costco store will be built in its place.

Image Gallery
Image Gallery

The Little Dipper
The Litter Dipper was designed by Herbert Schmeck and built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company in 1950. The brakes are operated manually by a wooden handle in the station. The out-and-back coaster is  tall and travels a course of . It was awarded the ACE Coaster Classic award by the American Coaster Enthusiasts.
Six Flags Great America in Gurnee, Illinois bought the ride in November 2009 at a Kiddieland auction. They paid $33,000 for the ride equipment at the auction.

References

Other websites 
 Official Site
 TV commercials 
 Kiddieland: 80 years of fun ends

1929 establishments in Illinois
2009 disestablishments in the United States
Buildings and structures in Chicago
Theme parks in the United States
Monmouth is a small town in south-east Wales. It is about 2 miles from the border with England. It is the county town of Monmouthshire, and just under 9,000 people live there. The River Wye and the River Monnow meet in Monmouth.

History
The Romans built a small fort there called Blestium, but few people lived in the area after the Romans left. Eventually, the Normans built a castle by the River Monnow, after they conquered England in 1066. Monmouth grew in the Middle Ages, with a priory church, and a market street (now called Monnow Street). This street ran between the castle and a fortified bridge across the river, which is the only fortified bridge of its type in Britain.  King Henry V of England was born in Monmouth Castle in 1387, but the castle itself was mostly knocked down after the Civil War in the seventeenth century.
Monmouth was well known at one time for producing Monmouth caps - a sort of woollen headgear worn by soldiers, sailors and others. It also became famous at the end of the eighteenth century, when people such as Admiral Nelson, and many poets and painters, came to visit the beautiful Wye valley nearby. The town also has a famous public school, Monmouth School, which was started in 1615.

In 1840, an important trial took place in Monmouth, of Chartists who had protested that more people should be allowed to vote in elections.  One of the first makers of cars in Britain, Charles Rolls who founded Rolls Royce, was born just outside the town.  He was killed in an airplane crash in 1910 at the age of 33; there is a statue of him in the town centre.