Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The match had many spots, which included JBL hitting Finlay with a trash can lid when the latter was about to perform a suicide dive on him through the ropes on the outside. Later on, Finlay tossed JBL through the table that he had set up earlier on the turnbuckle. Hornswoggle would also get involved during the match, hitting JBL's with a kendo stick while later on he would get attacked by JBL with a trash can thrown at him. Attacking Finlay's knee with a kendo stick, JBL then quickly hit a Clothesline from Hell to score a successful pinfall.
The next match of the evening was the fourth-yearly Money in the Bank ladder match, featuring Chris Jericho, Mr. Kennedy and Carlito from the Raw brand; CM Punk, Shelton Benjamin and John Morrison from the ECW brand; and Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) from the SmackDown brand. The match featured many dangerous spots. Early in the match, Morrison climbed a turnbuckle and performed a moonsault on others outside while holding a ladder against his chest. Then, at one point, when Mr. Kennedy and Morrison were battling on top of a ladder, Benjamin climbed another ladder placed adjacent to the first one, and performed a flip powerbomb on Kennedy, who in turn superplexed Morrison from the top of the ladder. After sometime, Kennedy delivered his Green Bay Plunge to Punk onto a ladder. Later, Carlito and Kennedy flipped Benjamin off a ladder, sending him crashing through another ladder set-up between the barricade and the ring apron. Jericho also performed his Walls of Jericho on Morrison on top of a ladder
. Kennedy delivered his Mic Check to Punk off a ladder. Quickly afterwards, Carlito hit the Backstabber to Jericho from a ladder. When MVP was close of finding the contract briefcase, Matt Hardy returned to action through the crowd, entered the ring and delivered the Twist of Fate to MVP off the ladder. As soon as Morrison started to climb a ladder, see-sawing with another ladder, Jericho flipped the other one and Morrison landed on the ring-ropes groin-first. In the end, Jericho and Punk fought each other on a ladder, but Punk trapped Jericho's one leg in the ladder's steps and himself retrieved the contract briefcase to win the match.
Ric Flair put his career on the line next against Shawn Michaels. At the start of the match, both superstars engaged in a series of counters, and then Flair shoved Michaels in a corner, making "Old Yeller" comments to him. In retaliation, Michaels slapped Flair in the face, which caused him to start bleeding from the mouth. Later, Flair performed a crossbody onto Michaels from the top rope for a two count. Then, in a very dangerous spot, when Flair was on the outside, Michaels performed an Asai moonsault onto Flair, but missed and landed hard on the Raw announcers' table rib-first. With Flair later on outside the ring again, Michaels successfully attempted another moonsault from the top-rope onto Flair. Back in the ring, Michaels tried to go for his Sweet Chin Music, but stopped in the process and Flair capitalized by trapping him in his figure four leglock. Afterwards, Michaels finally delivered a Sweet Chin Music to Flair, but the latter kicked out to the pinfall attempt
. Michaels then, trapped Flair in his modified figure four leglock, but Flair delivered a thumb to the eye to Michaels to break the submission. As Flair was delivering chops to Michaels, the latter hit a second Sweet Chin Music. After getting up on his feet with a worried face, Michaels said to Flair "I'm sorry, I love you", before nailing a final Sweet Chin Music and thus pinning Flair to end his 36-year long wrestling career. After the match, Michaels left quickly and Flair got a standing ovation from the crowd. An emotional Flair embraced his family at ringside and then, as he proceeded to go backstage, thanked the crowd for their support.
Randy Orton defended his WWE Championship against Triple H and John Cena in a Triple Threat match next. For his entrance, Cena had a marching band perform an instrumental version of his theme song "The Time Is Now" live. During the match, when Triple H had held Orton in a sleeper hold, Cena picked up both Orton and Triple H for an FU, but Triple H dropped down and low blowed him. Orton dominated the match for some time. One hightlight of the match featured Orton performing a crossbody from the top rope on Cena, while the latter was held on Triple H's shoulders in an electric chair position. Also, Orton delivered a double elevated DDT from the second rope to both Cena and Triple H simultaneously. Orton then tried to RKO Cena, but he countered and threw Orton onto Triple H. Then, Triple H started targeting Orton's legs and using some submissions on him
. The match's finish came when Triple H countered Cena's FU into a Pedigree, but when he covered Cena, Orton punted on Triple H's head and himself pinned Cena to retain his WWE Championship.
The main event and last match of the night was Edge putting his World Heavyweight Championship on the line against the number one contender The Undertaker.

Production
Production

As the second WrestleMania to be held outdoors the whole time, WWE chairman Vince McMahon early on said that the show will go on, no matter what the weather is. In the March 2008 issue of WWE Magazine, WWE set designer Jason Robinson revealed that a steel rig with a tarpaulin roof would be built above the ring itself to prevent rain. In that same issue, an initial design of the ring setup was revealed showing a bigger rig surrounding the tarpaulin rig, with lighting and two giant screens attached. The bigger rig was dropped from the final design with the lighting and video screens now featuring on the tarpaulin rig as well as the sound system. During an interview, WWE production manager Brian Petree mentioned that video reinforcement should prevent anyone from being obstructed by the steel structure. Up to seven generators were used to power up the show.
The set design for the entrance stage was at the north end of the stadium and consisted of another steel structure with various video screens hanging from it. The steel beams for the structure were custom built in Belgium and shipped over to Orlando. According to WWE Magazine, the amount of pyrotechnics used would be ten times that of the amount used on Raw. Without the restriction of a roof, the pyrotechnics for the show shot as high as 2,000 ft as compared to WrestleMania 23's height of 150 ft. The fireworks were set off from boats on one of the lakes nearby the stadium. WWE has been said to have spent an estimated $300,000 on the fireworks alone. After the show, WWE was criticized for a malfunction in the pyrotechnics during The Undertaker's victory celebration. During the celebration, a hot cable for pyrotechnics was sent flying into audience members in the upper seating bowl of the stadium, leaving 45 injured with some hospitalized
. The accident was apparently due to a cable which fireworks were travelling across snapping, thus resulting in the fireworks exploding into the top rows of the upper bowl of the stadium. WWE's corporate website released a statement afterwards stating that they will investigate the incident.
With the Citrus Bowl's locker rooms on the south side and the entrance set on the north side, a tented 40,000 ft² mini-city outside the north end served as the show's backstage area and included air conditioning, trailers, VIP areas, showers and restrooms. As a consequence, the road next to the north end zone, W. Church Street, was closed down until a day after the event. Numerous other roads were also closed to allow trucks and fork lifts to move in mega equipment for the event. The ring itself was built on the 50-yard line of the Citrus Bowl to give the best view for fans. Heavy-duty plastic flooring had been put over the field, to protect the turf, provide seating and serve as the steel structures' foundation.

Development on the set design began in the middle of 2007. The building of the actual set began in the middle of March. 100 people worked 16 hours a day to construct the set for the event. The construction finished on March 29.
WrestleMania XXIV was the first WrestleMania event to be filmed in high-definition. It will also be the first WWE show to be released on the Blu-ray Disc format by WWE Home Video.

Results
Dark match: Kane won an 24-man Interpromotional Battle Royal
 Kane won by last eliminating Mark Henry to gain a ECW Championship match against Chavo Guerrero later on that night.
 The other participants were: Elijah Burke, Lance Cade, Deuce, Domino, Tommy Dreamer, Jim Duggan, Festus, The Great Khali, Hardcore Holly, Jesse, Brian Kendrick, Kofi Kingston, The Miz, Shannon Moore, Trevor Murdoch, Jamie Noble, Chuck Palumbo, Cody Rhodes, Snitsky, Stevie Richards, Val Venis and Jimmy Wang Yang.
 Order of elimination: Deuce, Domino, Jim Duggan, Stevie Richards, Elijah Burke, The Miz, Shannon Moore, Jimmy Wang Yang, Jesse, Lance Cade, Trevor Murdoch, Val Venis, Festus, Brian Kendrick, Kofi Kingston, Cody Rhodes, Jamie Noble, Chuck Palumbo, The Great Khali, Hardcore Holly, Tommy Dreamer, Snitsky and Mark Henry.
 This match was held before WrestleMania, streamed live as a "FreeView" on WWE.com.
 John "Bradshaw" Layfield won against Finlay (w/Hornswoggle) in a Belfast Brawl
JBL pinned Finlay after a Clothesline from Hell.
 CM Punk won against Shelton Benjamin, Chris Jericho, Carlito, Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP), Mr. Kennedy and John Morrison in a Money in the Bank ladder match
 Punk won by finding the briefcase suspended above the ring.
 During the match, Matt Hardy returned to action and knocked MVP off a ladder with a Twist of Fate.
 Batista defeated Umaga
 Batista pinned Umaga after a Batista Bomb.
 Kane won against Chavo Guerrero to win the ECW Championship (0:08)
 Kane pinned Guerrero after a Chokeslam.
 Shawn Michaels won against Ric Flair
 Michaels pinned Flair after executing Sweet Chin Music twice.
 Per the pre-match stipulation, Flair was forced to retire.
 Beth Phoenix and Melina (w/Santino Marella) defeated Maria and Ashley in a Playboy BunnyMania Lumberjack match
 Phoenix pinned Maria after a Fisherman suplex.
 Snoop Dogg served as the Master of Ceremonies for the match.
Candice Michelle was originally scheduled to be Maria's partner, but suffered a legit clavicle injury and was replaced by Ashley.
 Lumberjacks: Cherry, Eve Torres, Michelle McCool, Victoria, Mickie James, Jillian Hall, Katie Lea Burchill, Kelly Kelly, Layla and Maryse.
 Randy Orton won against Triple H and John Cena in a Triple Threat match to retain the WWE Championship
 Orton pinned Cena after a Pedigree from Triple H.
 Floyd Mayweather, Jr. won against The Big Show in a No Disqualification match via knockout
 Big Show failed to answer a ten-count after Mayweather hit him with brass knuckles.
 The Undertaker defeated Edge to win the World Heavyweight Championship
 Undertaker forced Edge to submit with the Gogoplata (this move has since been named "Hell's Gate").
References

Other websites
 The Official Website of WrestleMania XXIV

WrestleMania 24
2008 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
2008 in American television
2000s in Orlando, Florida
2008 in Florida
A Nazim is a person who is responsible for administration of cities, districts and the Union Councils of Pakistan. The job of a Nazim is similar to that of a mayor.

Local government of Pakistan
The Dogon are a group of people who live in Mali in West Africa. They live south of the River Niger near the city of Bandiagara. They are famous for their types of stories, dancing, buildings and art. They make wooden statues.

Other websites 
 Dogon

Ethnic groups in Africa
Malian people
Ipswich is a large town in the East Anglian county of Suffolk England. It is the county town of Suffolk. It is near the estuary of the River Orwell. 117,069 people live there. In the Tudor period Ipswich was famous for the Wool Trade and there are still a lot of Tudor buildings which survive to this day. Thomas Wolsey, who was a famous adviser to Henry VIII was born in Ipswich. In modern times Ipswich became infamous as in 2006 a serial killer murdered five sex workers over a short space of time.

The town is home to Ipswich Town F.C., an association football team.  They play in the town at a stadium called Portman Road.

Ipswich is one of the oldest towns in England.

References 

Hanseatic League
 
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of England
County towns in England
Self-esteem is the way people think about themselves and how worthwhile they feel. Psychologists use the word self-esteem to describe whether someone likes themselves or not. Someone with high self-esteem might think that they are good at things, worthwhile, and may be confident in the things that they do. Someone with low self-esteem might think that they are bad at things and/or worthless. Different psychologists have different ways of measuring self-esteem, and many people do not agree on what it means. Some people may think that self-esteem is linked to anxiety, depression, eating disorders and bullying. Some people may also injure themselves if they suffer from a low self-esteem.

Self-esteem also considered by the international law on human rights, such as Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Yogyakarta Principles, affirm that each person's self-esteem must be protected against any kind of abuse or violence out of social prejudices and discriminations.
The World Health Organization also thinks building strong self-esteem is important to prevent the suicide of students as well as prevent bullying by tolerance.

Notes 

Psychology
Freetown Christiania, commonly just called Christiania, is a Danish special community. The village is partially self-governing with 850 inhabitants, and has an area of 85 acres near the capital of Denmark, Copenhagen. The Freetown has often been in the centre of controversies since its creation in an empty military area in 1971. In the Freetown, cannabis was legal until 2004. Inhabitants of Christiania are called "Christianites". Christiania has become home to several businesses such as carpenters, blacksmiths, a bikeshop, as well as several cafés, restaurants, jazz, blues and night clubs.

Area protection
In 2007, the National Heritage Agency proposed protection status for some of military buildings, now in Christiania. These are:
 Den grå hal ('The grey hall')
 Den grønne hal ('The green hall'), originally a smaller riding house
 Mælkebøtten ('The dandelion')
 The Commander's house
 The 17th and 18th century powder magazines on the bastions.
Born of Christiania
After the military had left, the area was only guarded by a few watchmen and sometimes of homeless people went in the area for sleep or for living there.On 4 September, 1971, neighbours of the area broke down a wall for making a place where their children could play.On 26 September, 1971, Christiania was opend to people by Jacob Ludvigsen, a well-known provo and journalist who published a magazine called Hovedbladet ('The main paper'). In the paper, Ludvigsen wrote an article in which he and five others went on exploration into what he called 'The Forbidden City of the Military'. The spirit of Christiania quickly developed into one of the hippie movement, the squatter movement, collectivism and anarchism, in contrast to the site's previous military use.
The Community
Meditation and yoga have always been popular activities for the Christianites, and for many years Christiania had their own internationally acclaimed theater group Solvognen, who, beyond their theater performances, also staged many happenings in Copenhagen and even throughout Sweden. Ludvigsen had always talked about drugs, hard drugs (now are illegal in Christiania) and soft drugs. The "problem" of drugs made Christiania really famous, and the most know part of the Freetown.
The neighbourhood of the Freetown is accessible through many entrances and cars are not allowed.Danish authorities have repeatedly removed the large stones blocking the main entrance claiming they need access to the area for fire trucks and ambulances in the event of a fire or medical emergency, yet the residents respond by placing them back each time as they feel attacks by the authorities. The people in Christiania have developed their rules, without the Danish government. The rules forbid stealing, violence, guns, knives, bulletproof and hard drugs. A famous street in the Freetown is known as Pusher Street, where hash and Skunk weed were sold openly from permanent stands until 2004, it nevertheless does have rules forbidding hard drugs, such as cocaine, speed, ecstasy and heroin. The commerce is not really clean, but since the rules require a consensus they cannot be removed unless everybody agrees. The Since 1994, residents have paid taxes and fees for water, electricity, trash disposal, etc
. The future of the area remains in doubt. In the street photos are forbidden.
Important pieces of the Freetown's History

2005 shooting and murder
On April 24, 2005, a 26-year-old Christiania resident was killed and three other residents injured in a violent gang assassination on Pusher Street. The reason for this was a fight between few Christianites and people from the hash, market of Copenhagen.
Riots after demolition of house
On May 14, 2007 workers from the governmental Forest and Nature Agency with help from the police, entered Christiania to destroy the abandoned building of Cigarkassen ('the cigar box'). They were met by angry and scared Christianites who feared that the police were going to demolish other houses too. Road blocks were built and the trucks were sabotaged so that they could not move. After the police then entered the Freetown and Christianites attacked the policemen with fireworks and stones, and built barricades in the street outside Christiania gate. The police used tear gas on the people. The police later had to retreat from Christiania. The riot continued over night. At the entrances the Christianites bombarded the police with stones and Molotov cocktails forcing them to retreat. More than 50 Christiania activists and rioters from outside were arrested.
Since the 1970s the Gay House (Bøssehuset), one of Christiania's autonomous institutions, had been a centre for gay activism, parties and theatre. The house was very famous in Denmark for humorist and artistic variety shows, and became a meeting point for all homosexuals in Copenhagen. During the 1980s and 1990s the original pioneers aging and some deceased, the house was left with little activity which was not revived until the early 2000s, when a group of young gay performers and activists, Dunst, were invited to take over the house so it could remain a centre for gay creativity. However, after 9 months they were asked to leave Christiania again. Primarily due to noise complaints. According to Dunst, neighbors would never readily accept them and the newcomers were accused of not understanding "the Christiania lifestyle" despite Dunst claim that they introduced a democratic management form and established open workshops for photography, art, music, dance, video
. In 2004 Dunst participated in 'Christiania Distortion' (an event supported by Christiania) in a bus circling around the Freetown.
A Biker gang in the Freetown
Around 1984 a biker gang had arrived in Christiania and conquered a part of the hash market. Violence on the premises increased at this period and many Christianites felt unsafe and unhappy with the new residents. This resulted in sabotage acts directed towards the bikers as well as the publication of several provocative manuscripts urging the Christianites to throw out the powerful and armed bikers. This tension culminated when the police found a murdered individual who had been sliced to pieces and buried beneath the floor of a building. Christiania reacted with two colossal community meetings—one outside the building—where it was agreed that the bikers had to leave. They did, and have never returned.
Cars in the Freetown
In Christiania cars are prohibited. However, 132 cars are owned by residents and need to be parked on the streets near the Freetown. In 2005, a parking space for only 14 cars outside the Freetown was created. In 2001 a few residents in one of Christiania's sections proposed to construct a parking lot for their cars which was rejected by other Christiania residents.

Drugs

Since its opening, Christiania has been famous for its open cannabis trade, taking place in the famous central street called 'Pusher Street' - now Green Zone. Since 2003, however, the 'officially' open hash trade has been ended by authorities. However cannabis is still sold in the Freetown. Hard drugs, including heroin and cocaine, have been banned from Christiania since 1979 by the community's own rules.
Governmental measures
In January 2006, the government proposed that Christiania would be turned into a mixed alternative community and residential area adding condominiums for 400 new residents. Current residents, now paying DKK 1450 (USD 250) per month, would be allowed to remain but need to begin paying normal rent for the facilities. Christiania has rejected this, fearing the Freetown would turn into a normal Copenhagen neighborhood. In particular, the concept of privately owned dwellings is claimed to be incompatible with Christiania's collective ownership.

Architectural competition
In order to present a reasonable use of area after an eventual "cleaning", the Danish government commissioned an architectural competition. 17 proposals were received, of which only eight have met the formal competition requirements. All of the proposals were rejected by ojudges. The cost of the architectural competition was 850,000 Danish Kroner (113,000 Euro, 145,000 USD).

Related pages
 Squatting
 Ungdomshuset
Other websites
 Christiania you have my Heart , Documentary 1991 (google video)
 Danish Palaces and Properties Agency about Christiania 
 Loppen - Rock and blues venue in Christiania
 Article about Christiania , The Independent (UK), May 31, 2007.

Buildings and structures in Denmark
Politics of Denmark
I'm Not There is a Golden Globe Award-winning and Academy Award-nominated 2007 American biographical drama movie that is inspired by the life of musician Bob Dylan. Dylan is played by seven different actors in the movie: Marcus Carl Franklin, Ben Whishaw, Heath Ledger, Christian Bale, Richard Gere, and Cate Blanchett, who play people like Dylan but with different names.

The movie won and was nominated for several awards, including eight wins in "Best Supporting Actress" categories for Cate Blanchett, and Independent Spirit Award nomination for "Best Film".
Cast
 Christian Bale as Jack Rollins/Pastor John
 Cate Blanchett as Jude Quinn
 Marcus Carl Franklin as "Woody Guthrie"
 Richard Gere as Billy the Kid
 Heath Ledger as Robbie Clark
 Ben Whishaw as "Arthur Rimbaud"
 Charlotte Gainsbourg as Claire (= Sara Dylan) and/or Suze Rotolo
 David Cross as Allen Ginsberg
 Bruce Greenwood as Keenan Jones/Pat Garrett
 Julianne Moore as Alice Fabian (= Joan Baez)
 Michelle Williams as Coco Rivington (=Edie Sedgwick)
 Kim Gordon as Carla Hendricks
 Alison Folland as Grace
 Mark Camacho as Norman
 Benz Antoine as Bobby Seale/Rabbit Brown
 Craig Thomas as Huey Newton
 Eugene Brotto as Peter Orlovsky
 Richie Havens as Old Man Arvin
 Kim Roberts as Mrs. Arvin
 Tyrone Bensin as Mr. Arvin
 Yolonda Ross as Angela
 Peter Friedman as Barker/Morris Bernstein
 Joe Cobden as Sonny
 Kristen Hager as Mona
 Fanny La Croix as Actress playing Alice Fabian
 Dennis St John as Captain Henry/The Admiral
 Kris Kristofferson as The Narrator

References
References

Other websites
 Official website
 HD Trailer
 Trailer on YouTube
 
 
 I'm Not There Trailer  on IGN
 I'm Not There on Yahoo! Movies
  Photo of Cate Blanchett in costume and article
 toddhaynes.net  - I'm Not There information and discussion
 DVD Talk talks about Cate Blanchett in I'm Not There.
 Director Todd Haynes talks about I'm Not There at the 2007 New York Film Festival 
 Essay on I'm Not There

2000s biographical movies
2007 drama movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
American independent movies
A lanthanide is one of a group of 15 elements that have atomic numbers 57 to 71. This is also known as the lanthanide series or lanthanoid series. This group starts at lanthanum and it ends at lutetium.   All lanthanoids are f-block elements, meaning that electrons fill the 4f electron shell, except for lutetium which is a d-block lanthanoid. The lanthanoid series (Ln) is named after lanthanum.

Lanthanides are metals that are related to each other in how they behave. Most of them slowly turn into their hydroxides when they are placed into water, like the alkali metals. They usually form a coating of oxide when placed in the air, like most metals. Lanthanides, with Scandium and Yttrium, are called rare earth elements.
All the lanthanoids are silvery white soft metals and tarnish rapidly in air. The hardness increases with increasing atomic number.
Lanthanides are not abundant, and only small amounts are mined. Some have various uses in magnets, superconductors, chemical catalysts, and optical equipment such as lasers.

References
The New Zealand Story is a video game released by the Taito Corporation in 1988. This game was released for coin operated machines, home computers and game consoles.

1988 video games
Arcade games
Commodore 64 games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Ungdomshuset (in English: "the Youth House") was the popular name of the building formally named Folkets Hus ("House of the People") on Jagtvej 69 in Nørrebro, Copenhagen. The Ungdomshuset was a meeting point for many anarchists, for the music in the underground scene and leftist groups from 1982 until 2007, when after a long conflict between the municipal government of Copenhagen and the people living there, was smashed. Police started to clear the building early on Thursday, 1 March 2007. Demolition began on 5 March 2007 and was completed two days later. Ever since the eviction in March 2007, former users and supporters have held weekly demonstrations for a new Ungdomshuset, the demonstrations starting from nearby square 'Blågårds Plads' every Thursday at 5 p.m. and going to various places in Copenhagen. The starting point has recently been changed to Gammel Torv in response to the demonstraters saying they are getting closer to the politicians concerning a solution for a new Ungdomshus at an old school
.In the summer of 2007, an initiative known as G13 wanted to squat an old public waterwork on Grøndalsvænge Allé 13 in northwestern Copenhagen to be used as a new Ungdomshuset, the squat was non-violent, but was met with heavy opposition from the police who arrested 436 people and threw large amounts of tear gas
The building was completed on 12 November 1897, with the name "Folkets Hus" (The People's House). The house functioned as one of the resorts for the then-incipient labour movement of Copenhagen. Since labour organisations were unpopular in the eyes of the authorities. Years later the place helped poor people and was used for others uses. In 1918 when workers stormed the Danish Stock Exchange (Børsen). In 1910, The Second International held an International Women's conference at the house, during which Clara Zetkin launched the idea of an International Women's Day. Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg visited the centre. During the 1950s it was still primarily used by the different sections, associations and unions of the labour movement. All kinds of different activities took place: for example, boxing matches and end-of-season dances. Several years later Brugsen, a Danish chain of co-operative supermarkets, bought Folkets Hus, for making a cheap supermarket
. However, as this was prohibited by authorities for the historic importance of the place, so Brugsen sold the ground to the folk music ensemble Tingluti in 1978. The Tingluti sold the ground to the municipality of Copenhagen after few time.The price at the time was DKK 700,000. In 1982 Folkets Hus was assigned to a group of young people — the original founders of Ungdomshuset — however the municipality of Copenhagen still owned the building. It was at this time that the building was given its current name: Ungdomshuset. Nick Cave and Björk played there. In January 1996 Ungdomshuset was ravaged by a fire. It also had fungus and rot. The municipality of Copenhagen made plans to renovate the building for safety reasons, but encountered resistance from the occupants
. In 1999 the building was put on sale to the highest bidder by the municipality, but at the same time occupants opposed to the thing, and for jokingly put over the building a large banner with the message "For sale along with 500 autonome, stone throwing, violent psychopaths from hell.". After that a company called Human A/S bought the building in December 2000 (although ownership did not actually change hands until 2001), after which Human A/S was sold to the independent Christian sect "Faderhuset. However, the squatters refused to leave the house. Until 1 March 2007 the young squatters used the house as if the change of ownership had not happened and the new owners were not allowed inside at any time. The Ungdomshuset received more than 500 visitors a week.
Demolition 

Demolition of Ungdomshuset began at 8:00 am on 5 March 2007. The demolition was broadcast live by webcam on TV2 News' website. After the demolition of Ungdomshuset many riots began near the area for many days. Many cars were smashed and burned against the police.

A women's demonstration took place on 8 March, comprising more than 3 000 people. The police carried out systematic identity controls. In total, more than 750 people were arrested during the events (among them, about 140 foreigners). On 16 March, 2007, Danish police admitted to having mistakenly used a potentially lethal form of teargas. The gas, known as Ferret 40, was used against crowds during the riots following the demolition, although it is designed to penetrate doors and walls.

According to professor Lars Dencik, from the University of Roskilde, the Danish state used the opportunity of this evacuation to test its anti-terrorist security forces (as any other opportunity, or real danger, was non-existent).
Related pages
 Autonomism
 Battle of Ryesgade
 Freetown Christiania
 Squatting
 Turbonegro (first show at the Ungdomshuset in 1989)

References

Other websites
 Photos from Ungdomshuset, Nathue.dk
 Violent demonstration in central Copenhagen 
 Photo gallery of the riots on 16 December 2006 
 Photo gallery featuring three ungdomshuset demos in 2006 
 English translation of events in Copenhagen from 1st March 2007 onwards 
 Has Ungdomshuset Reached the End of Its Road? , Ungdomhuset's interview in Indymedia 30.11.2006
 Ungdomshuset Raid  (Indymedia DK)
 G13: initiative for a new Ungdomshuset

Buildings and structures in Copenhagen
Political movements
1897 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Denmark
2007 disestablishments in Europe
2000s disestablishments in Denmark
The word naib (نائب) is an Arabic word meaning someone who is second in command.

It may also mean:

In history
Naib, the name given to the rulers of Massawa, Africa who served the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century.
Naib, a local leader in Dagestan.

Fiction
Naib, the title given to the leader of Fremen (freemen)  on the planet Arrakis in the science fiction Dune universe written by Frank Herbert. In the story the word "Naib" means servant.
Bagh is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It has two high schools GHS Bagh and GHS Kehal.

Location 
It is in the centre of the district, in the southern part of Abbottabad Tehsil, it is surrounded by the following Union Councils, to the north and east by Dhamtour, to the north by Sarbhana, to the east by Bagnotar, Namli Maira and Nagri Bala - and to the south by Dewal Manal.

Subdivisions 
The Union Council is divided into three areas:
Bagh, Kehial and Jaggian Kohalian.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
A tehsil (also known as a mandal, tehsil, tahasil, taluka, taluk, or taluq) is a unit of government in Pakistan and in the Republic of India - it is similar to a county. It usually consists of a town (possibly more towns) and the villages around the towns. 

In Pakistan, Tehsils are the second administrative division. They are further subdivided into Union Councils. Many Tehsils are grouped together into a district (Zillah). In Sindh the name taluka is generally used instead of tehsil.

In India, some states use taluk or taluka, others use tehsil. The TK often found in Indian addresses stands for Taluk. 

Local government of Pakistan
Local government in India
Paektu Mountain (also called Baekdu Mountain) or Changbai Mountain is a volcano on the border between North Korea and China. This mountain is 54.5% in North Korean territory, 45.5% in China. The Korean name is Paektu-san or Baekdu-san, which means "white head mountain". The Chinese name is Changbai-shan, which means "snow that piles up on the large mountain". 

Paektu has a large caldera (crater lake). It is called Heaven Lake. Koreans call it "Cheon-ji" lake, Chinese call it "Tiandi" lake. It is 2,744 metres above sea level and is the highest mountain of all Korea. The Beijing Olympic torch was lit on Paektu/Changbai Mountain. Heaven Lake is a caldera made by a gigantic volcanic eruption in 969 AD (± 20 years) which had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7. The 969 eruption, which is called the "Millennium" or "Tianchi" eruption, was one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years, comparable to the 180 AD "Hatepe eruption" of Lake Taupo and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.

References
References 

Biosphere reserves
Mountains of China
Volcanoes of Korea
Volcanoes of Asia
VEI-7 volcanoes
PKT is the time zone used in Pakistan. It is 5 hours ahead of GMT/UTC.

Daylight Saving Time 
In 2002, the government of Pakistan decided to use the Daylight Saving Time system. This meant that every year, clocks would be put forward by one hour on the night between the first Saturday and Sunday of April until 15 October when the clocks were put back. The experiment was not repeated again under the Musharraf Regime.

This was reused in 2008 by Raja Parvez Ashraf from 1 June 2008 to 31 October 2008 and again in 2009 from 15 April 2009 to 31 October 2009. The system has not been used since.

References 

 Pakistan Standard Time

Other websites 
 Find cities currently in UTC+5

Time zones
Dhamtour or Dhamtor(, )  is a small rural suburb of Abbottabad Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is about 6 kilometers from Abbottabad city. It is known as the largest village of Abbottabad area. It is also a Union Council in Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The local language is Hindko, which is the main language of Hazara division. The area are has some rich cultural traditions. Dhamtour village is the gate way to many natural beauty places like Murree, Nathia Gali, Dungagali and Harnoi.

Location 
Dhamtour is at 34°7'60N 73°16'0E at a height of 1110 metres (3645 feet). It is to the west of Abbottabad city, and borders Sheikh-ul-Bandi to the north and Nagri Bala to the south.

History
Dhamtour is an old settlement and there used to be regular cattle and vegetable markets here before British rule.

Tribes 
Most of the people in this area are from the Jadoon tribe. Other tribes include Mughals, Gujjars ,Kashmiri, Syeds, and Awans.
Subdivisions
The Union Council of Dhamtour is divided into the following areas: Banda Bazdar, Bandi Shoalian, Dhamtour, Guldhok, Jaswal, Nagaki, and Ukhreela.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Georgetown or George Town may refer to:

Places

Africa
George, South Africa, formerly known as Georgetown
Janjanbureh, Gambia, formerly known as Georgetown
Georgetown, Ascension Island, main settlement of the British territory of Ascension Island

Asia 
Georgetown, Allahabad, India
George Town, Chennai, India
George Town, Penang, capital city of the Malaysian state of Penang

Europe
Georgetown, Blaenau Gwent, now part of the town of Tredegar in Wales
Georgetown, Dumfries and Galloway, a location in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Es Castell in Minorca, Spain, originally called Georgetown

North and Central America

Canada
Georgetown, Alberta
Georgetown, Newfoundland and Labrador
Georgetown, Ontario
Georgetown, Prince Edward Island

Caribbean
George Town, Bahamas, a village in Exuma District, Bahamas
George Town, Belize, a village in Stann Creek District, Belize
George Town, Cayman Islands, the capital city on Grand Cayman
Georgetown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
United States
Georgetown, Alaska
Georgetown, Arkansas
Georgetown, California
Georgetown, Colorado
Georgetown, Connecticut
Georgetown, Delaware
Georgetown Hundred, an unincorporated subdivision of Sussex County, Delaware
Georgetown, Florida
Georgetown, Chatham County, Georgia, an unincorporated suburb of Savannah
Georgetown, Dunwoody, Georgia, a neighborhood
Georgetown, Quitman County, Georgia, an incorporated town and county seat
Georgetown, Idaho
Georgetown, Illinois
Georgetown, Allen County, Indiana
Georgetown, Cass County, Indiana
Georgetown, Floyd County, Indiana
Georgetown, St. Joseph County, Indiana
Georgetown, Washington County, Indiana
Fairview, Kentucky (Christian Co.), formerly known as Georgetown
Georgetown, Kentucky
Georgetown, Louisiana
Georgetown, Maine
Georgetown, Maryland
Georgetown (CDP), Maryland
Georgetown, Massachusetts
Georgetown Township, Michigan
Georgetown, Minnesota
Georgetown Township, Clay County, Minnesota
Georgetown, Mississippi
Georgetown, Montana
Georgetown, New Jersey
Georgetown, New York, a town in Madison County
Georgetown, Brooklyn, New York, a neighborhood in New York City
Georgetown, Ohio (in Brown County)
Georgetown, Fayette County, Ohio
Georgetown, Harrison County, Ohio
Georgetown, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, a borough
Georgetown, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Georgetown, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Georgetown, South Carolina
Georgetown, Tennessee
Georgetown, Texas
Georgetown, Virginia
Georgetown, Seattle, Washington
Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
Georgetown, Berkeley County, West Virginia
Georgetown, Lewis County, West Virginia
Georgetown, Marshall County, West Virginia
Georgetown, Monongalia County, West Virginia
Georgetown, Polk County, Wisconsin
Georgetown, Price County, Wisconsin
South America
Georgetown, Guyana, capital city
Georgetown FC, an association football club
Georgetown, Córdoba, Argentina, a suburb of the city of Córdoba

Oceania

Australia
Georgetown, New South Wales
Georgetown, Queensland, a town in the Shire of Etheridge
Georgetown, South Australia
George Town, Tasmania
George Town Council, the local government area that contains the town

New Zealand
Georgetown, Invercargill, a suburb of Invercargill
Georgetown, Otago, a locality in the Waitaki Valley

Transport
 Georgetown Airport (disambiguation)
 Georgetown International Airport (disambiguation)
 Georgetown railway station (Scotland), a disused station in Houston, Renfrewshire, Scotland
 Georgetown station (Ontario), a railway station in Georgetown, Ontario, Canada
 Georgetown station (Metro-North), a former, and currently proposed railway station on the New Haven Line's Danbury Branch
Schools, colleges and universities
Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States
 Georgetown Hoyas, the athletic programs of Georgetown University
 Georgetown College (Georgetown University), an undergraduate school at Georgetown University
Georgetown College (Kentucky), United States
Georgetown Day School, a private K-12 school in Washington, D.C.
Georgetown Preparatory School, a Catholic boys' school in Bethesda, Maryland
Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School, a Catholic girls' school in Washington, D.C.
Horry-Georgetown Technical College, Conway, SC, United States

Other
Georgetown (film), a 2019 film directed by Christoph Waltz
 “Georgetown”, a 2022 song by Loyle Carner featuring John Agard

Related pages

George Towns (disambiguation)
Georges Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Georgestown, St. John's
Chechen might mean:

Anything related to Chechnya
Chechen language
Balochistan or Baluchistan () may refer to:

Balochistan (region), a region on the Iranian plateau
Balochistan (Pakistan), a province of Pakistan since 1970
 Baluchistan (Chief commissioners province), a former province of British India
Balochistan (Afghanistan), a part of Afghanistan
Sistan and Baluchestan Province, a province of Iran
Kathrin Romany Beckinsale (born 26 July 1973) is an English actress. She starred in the movies such as Pearl Harbor (2001), Underworld (2003) and Van Helsing (2004).

Early life
Kathrin Romany Beckinsale was born in Chiswick, London, England. She is the only child of actor Richard Beckinsale and actress Judy Loe. Her father was of one-quarter Burmese ancestry. 

She made her first television appearance at the age of four, in an episode of This is Your Life dedicated to her father. When she was five years old, her 31-year-old father died suddenly of a heart attack. Beckinsale was deeply traumatised by the loss and "started expecting bad things to happen". While she has seen her father "more on television than I have in life", "there are certainly enough memories for me not to feel that it's somebody I didn't know."
Her widowed mother moved in with director Roy Battersby when Beckinsale was nine and she was brought up alongside his four sons and daughter. She has a close relationship with her stepfather: "I couldn't have knitted a better one ... He wasn't pushy, he let me come to him." She has a paternal half-sister, actress Samantha Beckinsale.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1973 births
Living people
Actors from London
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Chiswick
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a board made for connecting electronic components together.  These are used in almost all computers and electronics today.   

The "card" is made of a material that does not conduct electricity, usually fiberglass. Usually copper is etched (set in thin lines) inside the board between the layers of fiberglass, or on the surface of the board.  This makes the electricity go only where it is wanted.

Electronic components are then attached to this board using a metal to conduct electricity.  The metal etched into the board allows electricity to travel from one component to another in electrical circuits.
Boards can have many different parts which are connected and work together. The most common circuit boards are made in large numbers for a specific job, for example to run a computer, a  mobile/cell phone or a television. Some circuit boards are made plain so a person can build their own for a new electrical task. Most things that use electricity have at least one circuit board inside of them that makes them run.

Flexible circuit boards are those that are made thin enough and of the right material to flex (bend). Rigid-flex boards are those that combine the features of the rigid boards and flex boards, hard at some points and bendable at some other points.

Introduction
Introduction 

Printed circuit boards came from electrical connection systems that were used in the 1850s. Originally metal strips or rods were used to connect large electric components mounted on wooden bases. Later, the metal strips were replaced by wires connected to screw terminals, and wooden bases were replaced by metal frames. This let things be smaller, which was needed as circuits became more complex with more parts. Thomas Edison tested methods of using metals on linen paper.  Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain.  In 1925, Charles Ducas of the United States developed a method using electroplating. He created an electrical path directly on an insulated surface by printing through a stencil (a shape cut into a board or paper) with special ink that could conduct electricity, just like wires could. This method was called "printed wiring" or "printed circuit."
In 1943, the Austrian Paul Eisler, working in the United Kingdom, patented a method of etching the conductive pattern, or circuits, on a layer of copper foil attached to a hard base that did not conduct electricity. Eisler's technique was noticed by the US military and they started to use it in new weapons including proximity fuzes in World War II.  His idea became very useful in the 1950s when the transistor was introduced.  Up to that point, vacuum tubes and other components were so large that the traditional mounting and wiring methods were all that was needed. With the introduction of transistors, however, the components became very small, and manufacturers needed to use printed circuit boards so the connections could also be small.
Plated through-hole technology and its use in multi-layer PCBs were patented by the U.S. firm Hazeltine in 1961. This allowed much more complex boards, with components placed closely together. Integrated circuit chips were introduced in the 1970s, and these components were quickly incorporated into printed circuit board design and manufacturing techniques. Today the Printed Circuit Board can have up to100 layers in some applications.

Surface-mount technology was developed in the 1960s and became widely used in the late 1980s.
The main task in designing a PCB is figuring out where all the components are going to go. Normally there is a design or schematic that will be turned into a PCB. There is no such thing as a standard printed circuit board. Each board is designed for its own use and must be the right size to fit the required space. Board designers use computer-aided design software to layout the circuit designs on the board. The spaces between electrical paths can be 0.04 inches (1.0 mm) or smaller. The location of the holes for component leads or contact points are also laid out. Once the circuit pattern is laid out, a negative image is printed out at exact size on a clear plastic sheet. With a negative image, the areas that are not part of the circuit pattern are shown in black and the circuit pattern is shown as clear. The metal is then removed from the clear areas, usually with chemicals
. This design is made into instructions for a computer-controlled drilling machine or for the automatic solder paste used in the manufacturing process.
Manufacturing 
The card is made with outer layers of copper. Unwanted copper is removed, leaving copper wires that will connect the electronic components. The components are placed on the board, making contact with the wires.

Photoresist 
Circuit boards are sometimes made with photolithography.  A covering called photoresist reacts with light, and then the circuit board and covering are put in a developer.  This method is expensive per board, but very cheap to set up in the beginning.
Silkscreen 
There are, however, different methods of making a circuit board. Some professionally made circuit boards use a different method to remove extra copper from the circuit board. A process called silk screen printing is used. Silk-screening is when a cloth is pulled tight over a frame. Then an image is printed onto the cloth. Then ink is pressed through the cloth. The ink does not go where the image has been printed on the cloth. It is called silk-screening because the cloth is usually silk. The cloth is usually silk because it has very small holes. silk-screening is used to print an ink called resist onto the board. Resist is an ink that resists the etchant used to make the circuit board. Etchant dissolves the copper on the board. This is cheaper for each board than photo-resist, but is more expensive in the beginning.
Milling 
Another way to make a circuit board is to use a mill. A mill is a drill that moves in many directions. The drill removes a small amount of copper each time it moves across the board. The mill removes the copper around the wires on the board. This leaves extra copper on the board. Other methods do not leave the extra copper on the board. This method is cheaper per board, but the equipment to make it is expensive. This method is not used often, because the other two methods are easier.

Notes 
 Get your design right at first time – Printed circuit board design checklist, review your design before sending it to PCB manufacturer

Electronics
Manufacturing