Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sediment problems 
A lot of silt (sediment) that is carried by the river has been trapped in the reservoir. Eventually, if the dam is not removed, the reservoir will fill with silt, making it useless. Also, because the river's silt doesn't go downstream anymore, the city of Shanghai will suffer because there has been no silt to replace land that is washed away at the river's mouth. In a high-silt content river like the Yangtze, sediment can clog the dam's outlets, and it cannot release water. The water would back up behind the dam and have nowhere to go, and would eventually go over the dam, making it collapse.

Other dangers 
The dam is also a possible target in war, weakening China's national security. It is also possible that the dam sits on a seismic fault.

Assisting dam projects

Gezhouba Dam
Gezhouba Dam 

The Gezhouba Dam (Gezhouba Water Control Project, Chinese: 长江葛洲坝水利枢纽工程) is an afterbay (smaller dam in front) of the Three Gorges Dam. It forms a pool that extends upstream to the base of the Three Gorges Dam, improving navigation. The dam was built from December 30, 1970 to December 10, 1988. The dam is  long and up to  tall. It generates 2,710 megawatts of electricity. There are three ship locks at the dam. Lock No.2, which is  long,  wide, and  deep, is among the 100 largest in the world.

Other dams
Other dams 

A series of other dams are also planned upstream, on the Yangtze and Jinsha rivers. About four dams are planned on the stretch of the Yangtze River, and they will produce 38,500 megawatts in total. Eight dams are planned on the Jinsha River, and eight more upstream of it, and one original plan called for a dam in the Tiger Leaping Gorge, one of the deepest river canyons in the world. This plan was, however, scrapped in December 21, 2007, because of the gorge's status as a World Heritage site.

References 

Buildings and structures in China
Dams in Asia
2012 establishments in China
Ericaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales. Plants of this family grow both in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The common English name of Ericaceae is the heath family.

Many plants of Ericaceae are shrubs, but there are also trees and herbs.

There are about 120 genera and about 4000 species in this family.

Many plants of Ericaceae are evergreen plants with small flowers in the shape of bells or tube. The color of flowers may be white, pink, red, violet, rarely yellow. It may be interest plants for gardens.

Fruits of some species are edible.

Some plants of Ericaceae have a poison in all their parts.
The genus Epacris was treated in a separate family, Epacridaceae, but Epacris is now in this family.

Genera
Acrostemon
Acrotriche
Agapetes
Agarista
Allotropa
Andersonia
Andromeda, Bog-rosemary. 1 or 2 species of small shrubs from bogs of northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Anomalanthus
Anthopteropsis
Anthopterus
Arachnocalyx
Arbutus
Arctostaphylos
Astroloma
Bejaria
Brachyloma
Bruckenthalia
Bryanthus
Calluna
Calopteryx
Cassiope
Cavendishia
Ceratiola
Ceratostema
Chamaedaphne
Chimaphila
Coccosperma
Coilostigma
Comarostaphylis
Conostephium
Corema
Costera
Craibiodendron
Cyathodes
Daboecia
Demosthenesia
Didonica
Dimorphanthera
Diogenesia
Diplarche
Diplycosia
Disterigma
Dracophyllum.  60 species of shrubs or trees with long leaves from Australia and Oceania.
Empetrum
Elliottia
Epacris
Epigaea
Enkianthus
Eremia
Eremiella
Erica
Findlaya
Gaultheria.135 species.
Gaylussacia
Gonocalyx
Grisebachia
Harrimanella
Hemitomes
Kalmia
Kalmiopsis
Killipiella
Lateropora
Ledothamnus
Ledum
Leiophyllum
Leucopogon
Leucothoe
Lissanthe
Loiseleuria
Lyonia
Macleana
Macnabia
Malea
Menziesia
Mitrastylus
Moneses
Monotoca
Monotropa
Monotoca
Monotropa
Monotropsis
Mycerinus
Nagelocarpus
Notopora
Oreanthes
Ornithostaphylos
Orthaea
Orthilia
Oxydendrum
Pellegrinia
Pentachondra
Pernettyopsis
Phyllodoce
Pieris
Pityopus
Platycalyx
Pleuricospora
Plutarchia
Polyclita
Prionotes
Psammisia
Pterospora
Pyrola
Rhododendron. 1,024 species of shrubs with beautiful flowers. What gardeners know as azalea is in fact some species of rhododendron.
Rhodothamnus
Richea.  Shrubs or trees with long leaves from Tasmania and Australia.
Rusbya
Salaxis
Sarcodes
Satyria
Scyphogyne
Semiramisia
Simocheilus
Siphonandra
Sphyrospermum
Stokoeanthus
Styphelia
Sympieza
Syndsmanthus
Tepuia
Thamnus
Themistoclesia
Therorhodion
Thibaudia
Thoracosperma
Trochocarpa
Tsusiophyllum
Utleya
Vaccinium. 450 species of shrubs. Well-known species are blueberries, cranberries and huckleberries.
Woollsia
Xylococcus
Zenobia, Honeycup. Small shrubs from bogs of south-east of USA. 1 species.
References

Other websites 

 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Ericaceae 
 ITIS: Ericaceae
 NCBI: Ericaceae
 Ericaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
The term alternation of generations is used to describe an alternation of forms in the life cycle of  plants (and some protists). 

One form is diploid, with 2n chromosomes: the sporophyte. The other form is haploid with only one set of chromosomes: the gametophyte. Both forms are multicellular.

In sexual reproduction, organisms have a haploid phase with one set of chromosomes and a diploid phase with two sets of chromosomes. In animals the body (soma) is usually diploid, while the haploid stage is only the gametes.
In eukaryotes an alternation of generations may occur. This means that both the diploid and the haploid phases are multi-cellular organisms. The classic example is the mosses, where the green plant is a haploid gametophyte, and the reproductive phase is the diploid sporophyte. The two forms often occur together, as shown in the illustration on the right
 
The term alternation of generations refers only to the sexual cycle: organisms may have asexual reproduction as well. The term should not be confused with life cycle stages in animals, which may look very different, but where all cells have two sets of chromosomes.

Plants 

The alternation of generations is an important concept in the evolution of plants. All land plants have alternation of generations.
In mosses and their relatives (Bryophytes), the haploid gametophyte is the dominant generation, and the diploid sporophytes are sporangium-bearing stalks growing from the gametophytes. In ferns, the diploid sporophyte is much larger, and the haploid gametophyte is a little plant that can grow for a long time.

For flowering plants (Angiosperms), the sporophyte generation is almost the whole life cycle (the green plant, roots etc.) except the small reproductive structures (pollen and ovule).

The sporophyte produces spores (hence the name), by meiosis. These develop into a gametophyte. Both the spores and the resulting gametophyte are haploid, meaning they have half as many chromosomes. Later, the mature gametophyte produces male or female gametes (or both) by mitosis. The fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization) produces a diploid zygote which develops into a new sporophyte. This is the cycle which is known as alternation of generations or alternation of phases.
As a factor in plant evolution 
In the landmark work Variation and evolution in plants, Stebbins discussed how alternation of generations related to the overall evolution of plants. He began:
"The most striking difference between the sexual cycle of animals and those found in plants is that, with the exception of a few Protozoa, animals are diploid at all stages, while nearly all plants have a haploid stage of greater or lesser duration. The sequence of types of alternation of generations... is one of the best-known features of plant evolution... The diploid generation has undoubtedly evolved independently many different times".
Later Stebbins comments:
"The diploid condition brings about an increase in flexibility because it makes possible the condition of genetic dominance and recessiveness. In a haploid organism every new mutation is immediately exposed to the action of selection... In a diploid organism, on the other hand, each new mutant arises as a heterozygote and, if recessive, is sheltered from selection". 
The point is that, in diploids, new alleles are sheltered and (collectively) they are a reservoir of potential variation in the population.

Algae 
Most algae have dominant gametophyte generations, but in some species the gametophytes and sporophytes are morphologically similar (isomorphic).

Bryophytes 
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) have a dominant gametophyte stage on which the adult sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition. The sporophyte develops from the zygote inside the female sex organ, so its early development is nurtured by the gametophyte.

Vascular plants
Vascular plants 

An independent sporophyte is the dominant form in all clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (flowering plants) that have survived to the present day.

Earlier evolution 
Early land plants had sporophytes that produced identical spores: they looked the same whichever sex they developed into. The ancestors of the gymnosperms evolved complex heterosporous life cycles: the spores producing male and female gametophytes were of different sizes. The female megaspores tending to be larger, and fewer in number, than the male microspores.

During the Devonian, several plant groups independently evolved heterospory and later endospory, in which single megaspores were kept inside the sporangia of the parent sporophyte. These endosporic megaspores had a miniature multicellular female gametophyte with female sex organs and egg cells. The ova were fertilised by free-swimming sperm produced by windborne miniaturised male gametophytes in the form of pre-pollen.
The resulting zygote developed into the next sporophyte generation while still inside the single large female megaspore in the sporangium of the parent sporophyte. The evolution of heterospory and endospory was among the earliest steps in the evolution of seeds of the kind produced by gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Similar processes in other organisms 
Some Chromalveolata, some fungi and some slime moulds have what seems to be genuine alternation of generations. These groups include such a wide range of different types that it is difficult to say how common the phenomenon is. Certainly slime moulds are not a monophyletic group, and that may be true of the other two groups,

Animals 
see also life cycle

Alternation of generations between a multicellular diploid and a multicellular haploid generation does not exist in animals.
In some animals, there is a life cycle with different diploid stages. This has sometimes mistakenly been called "alternation of generations", but is quite different from what happens in plants and some protists. The most common case is that there are two distinct generations, where only one has sexual reproduction.  Animals where it has been found include  the Cnidaria and the Tunicates. The images on the right show the case of jellyfish: The medusa looks different from the polyp; they are different phenotypes. Only the medusa reproduces sexually.

Other animals with life cycle forms include parasites such as certain flukes, which live in different snails for one part of their life, and in vertebrates for another part.

In some cases, the cycle includes more than two generations. If this is the case, only one stage uses sexual reproduction. In aphids, for example, there is one generation that reproduces sexually, and up to forty that use parthenogenesis, a type of asexual reproduction.

References
References 

Botany
Plant anatomy
Classical genetics
Biological reproduction
John of Gaunt (John Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Aquitaine, 6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, who ruled England for over 300 years. Gaunt was the third surviving son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was the father of Henry IV.

Gaunt was a younger brother of Edward, the Black Prince. He had great influence over the English throne during the childhood of his nephew, Richard II, and during the ensuing periods of political strife. He is not thought to have been an opponent of the king.

John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, included Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. His other legitimate children included, by his first wife Blanche, his daughters  Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter; and by his second wife Constance, his daughter Queen Catherine of Castile.
Descendants of this marriage included Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and eventually cardinal; Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, the great-grandfather of King Henry VII; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended, beginning in 1437, all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland, and successively, from 1603 on, the sovereigns of England, of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the United Kingdom to the present day. The three succeeding houses of English sovereigns from 1399 — the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudor — were descended from John through Henry Bolingbroke, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively.

Lancaster's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Hereford and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk.
When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown as King Richard II named Hereford a traitor and commuted his sentence to exile for life.  Henry Bolingbroke returned from exile to reclaim his inheritance and depose Richard. Bolingbroke then reigned as King Henry IV of England (1399–1413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the throne of England.

Due to some generous land grants, John was not only one of the richest men in his era, but also one of the wealthiest men to have ever lived. Taking into account inflation rates, John was worth a modern equivalent of $110 billion, making him the sixteenth richest man in history.

References 

House of Plantagenet
English Dukes
Knights of the Garter
1399 deaths
1340 births
People from Ghent
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was a younger son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was an ancestor of the House of York. He died in 1402.

1341 births
1402 deaths
English Dukes
A guinea is a coin that was minted in the Kingdom of England between 1663 and 1813. It is not used any more. The gold used to mint the first guineas was mined in the region of the same name in Africa.

Although guinea coins had not been made for a long time, prices often continued to be shown in guineas until British prices became decimal in 1971.  A guinea was worth £1,1s (one pound and one shilling).  This is the same as £1.05 in modern money.

Because a guinea was close to a pound, putting prices in guineas made the price seem less. A price of 39 guineas might look like "about £39".  In fact it is nearly £41. Prices in guineas were traditionally used for luxury goods before decimalisation. Savile Row tailors, bespoke boot makers, fine jewellers, and expensive motorcars were always priced in guineas.

Former currencies of the United Kingdom
A muntjac is any small deer that genus Muntiacus. 
Muntjacs may be the oldest known deer, appearing 15-35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France and Germany.

This genus is native to Southeast Asia and can be found in India and Sri Lanka to southern China, Taiwan, Japan and Indonesian islands.

Two species were originally recognised:  the barking deer is Muntiacus vaginalis and  Reeves's muntjac is Muntiacus reevesi. More recently, ten more species have been recognised, all from Asia.

Deer
Mammals of Asia
A chorale (pronounce: "Ko-RAHL") is a hymn which is sung in a Lutheran church by all the people. Chorales developed during the late Renaissance and early Baroque period. Most of them were written at that time.

Martin Luther thought that the congregation (people worshipping in church) should have music to sing that was not too difficult. He thought that the words should be in German instead of Latin so that everybody would understand what they were singing about. Luther wrote the words of many chorales himself. He even composed some of melodies himself, such as Ein' feste Burg (A Mighty Fortress). Sometimes he used the traditional Gregorian Chant melodies from the Catholic worship and added new German words to it, for example Christ lag in Todesbanden (Christ lay in Death's Dark Bonds).

The words of a chorale have a rhyming pattern. Most of the melodies have an AAB shape (the melody of the first part sung twice, then the second part). This shape is called "Bar form" in German.
Johann Sebastian Bach used many chorale tunes, usually adding harmony of his own. He used these in his cantatas. Many of these chorales in four-part harmonies are sung as hymns today in German Protestant churches, and some of the tunes are used in English-speaking countries as well.

Chorale tunes also appear in chorale preludes, pieces for the organ. These would usually have been played during the church services before the chorale was sung.
 
Chorales were used by many later composers in their compositions, e.g. Felix Mendelssohn, Anton Bruckner and Max Reger.

References 

 "Chorale", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. 

Musical forms
Christian music
Heathers is a 1989 American black comedy teen movie starring Winona Ryder, Christian Slater, and Shannen Doherty.  The movie is about a group of four girls in a high school in Sherwood, Ohio. The girls, three of whom are named Heather, rule the school as they are the prettiest and most popular girls in town.

Heathers won awards for its director Michael Lehmann and producer Denise Di Novi the 1990 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature. Daniel Waters also won an award for his screenplay, which won a 1990 Edgar Award. The movie was a U.S. box office failure, but has since become a cult classic, as is shown by its high sales and rentals on DVD and VHS. In 2006, it was ranked #5 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies.

Adaptations 
In 2014, Laurence O’Keefe and Kevin Murphy made a musical called Heathers: The Musical that was based on the movie. 

In 2018, Paramount Pictures made a tv show called Heathers based on the original movie.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 
 

1980s black comedy movies
1989 comedy-drama movies
1989 crime drama movies
1980s satirical movies
1980s teen comedy movies
1980s teen drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
1980s American crime drama movies
American satirical movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
Turkish movies
1980s English-language movies
Movies about bullying
Movies about murderers
Movies about revenge
Movies about suburbia
Movies set in Ohio
Suicide in fiction
American independent movies
Movies directed by Michael Lehmann
1989 independent movies
Mariano Pernía (born 4 May 1977) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Independiente||rowspan="3"|Primera División||17||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||17||0
|-
|2001/02||27||2||colspan="2"|-||0||0||27||2
|-
|2002/03||2||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||2||0

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Recreativo Huelva||La Liga||19||2||3||0||0||0||22||2
|-
|2003/04||Segunda División||40||1||0||0||0||0||40||1
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Getafe||rowspan="2"|La Liga||36||3||||||0||0||36||3
|-
|2005/06||36||10||2||1||4||1||42||12
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||22||0||1||0||2||0||25||0
|-
|2007/08||29||1||||||5||0||34||1
|-
|2008/09||29||0||4||0||3||0||36||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
46||2||colspan="2"|-||0||0||46||2
211||17||10||1||14||1||235||19
257||19||10||1||14||1||281||21
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2006||6||1
|-
|2007||5||0
|-
!Total||11||1
|}

References
References

1977 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Carlos Marchena (born 31 July 1979) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia and Spain national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Sevilla||rowspan="2"|Segunda División||17||0
|-
|1998/99||18||1
|-
|1999/00||La Liga||32||0

|-
|2000/01||Benfica||Portuguese Liga||20||2

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="9"|Valencia||rowspan="9"|La Liga||16||1
|-
|2002/03||26||0
|-
|2003/04||31||2
|-
|2004/05||32||2
|-
|2005/06||25||0
|-
|2006/07||22||0
|-
|2007/08||28||0
|-
|2008/09||26||1
|-
|2009/10||||
273||7
20||2
293||9
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2002||3||0
|-
|2003||9||0
|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||6||1
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||10||1
|-
|2008||10||0
|-
|2009||8||0
|-
|2010||11||0
|-
|2011||2||0
|-
!Total||69||2
|}

References 

1979 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
David Albelda (born 1 September 1977) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996/97||Villarreal||Segunda División||34||0||||||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|1997/98||Valencia||La Liga||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|1998/99||Villarreal||La Liga||35||2||||||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="11"|Valencia||rowspan="11"|La Liga||20||0||1||0||11||0||32||0
|-
|2000/01||21||0||0||0||13||0||34||0
|-
|2001/02||32||2||0||0||7||1||39||3
|-
|2002/03||26||0||0||0||11||0||37||0
|-
|2003/04||33||1||3||0||8||1||44||2
|-
|2004/05||28||0||1||0||6||0||35||0
|-
|2005/06||32||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|2006/07||25||0||2||0||7||0||34||0
|-
|2007/08||15||0||0||0||6||0||21||0
|-
|2008/09||30||0||3||0||5||0||38||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
336||7||13||0||74||2||423||9
336||7||13||0||74||2||423||9
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||6||0
|-
|2004||11||0
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||10||0
|-
|2007||10||0
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
!Total||51||0
|}
References

1977 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Xavier Hernández Creus (born 25 January 1980), known as Xavi, is a Spanish manager and former footballer. He is currently the manager of FC Barcelona in La Liga. After completing his career, Xavi switched to coaching, and in May 2019 he was appointed head coach of the Qatari club Al-Sadd. In November 2021, Xavi was appointed coach of his former club Barcelona.

Xavi was known as one of the best midfielders of the world and as one of the best Spanish players of all time.

Club career statistics

International career statistics 

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||8||0
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||11||1
|-
|2006||10||2
|-
|2007||11||2
|-
|2008||15||3
|-
|2009||14||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||82||8
|}

References 

1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Catalonia
Spanish football managers
FC Barcelona managers
FC Barcelona players
People from Terrassa
José Antonio Reyes Calderón (1 September 1983 – 1 June 2019) was a Spanish professional footballer. He played mainly as a left winger but also as a forward.

On 1 June 2019, Reyes was killed in a car crash in Utrera, Spain at the age of 35.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="5"|Sevilla||La Liga||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2000/01||Segunda División||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|La Liga||29||8||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||8
|-
|2002/03||34||9||3||2||colspan="2"|-||37||11
|-
|2003/04||21||5||4||1||colspan="2"|-||25||6

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Arsenal||rowspan="3"|Premier League||13||2||4||2||4||1||21||5
|-
|2004/05||30||9||7||2||8||1||45||12
|-
|2005/06||26||5||6||1||12||0||44||6

|-
|2006/07||Real Madrid||La Liga||30||6||2||0||4||1||36||7
|-
|2007/08||Atlético Madrid||La Liga||26||0||0||0||2||0||28||0

|-
|2008/09||Benfica||Portuguese Liga||24||4||1||0||5||1||30||5
|-
|2009/10||Atlético Madrid||La Liga||||||||||||||||
116||28||11||3||4||1||131||32
69||16||17||5||24||2||110||23
24||4||1||0||5||1||30||5
209||48||29||8||33||4||271||60
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2003||4||2
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||6||2
|-
!Total||21||4
|}

References 

1983 births
2019 deaths
Road accident deaths
Spanish footballers
Antonio López Guerrero (born 13 September 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="2"|Segunda División||2||0
|-
|2001/02||20||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Osasuna||rowspan="2"|La Liga||36||2
|-
|2003/04||35||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="6"|La Liga||32||3
|-
|2005/06||36||3
|-
|2006/07||33||0
|-
|2007/08||24||1
|-
|2008/09||19||2
|-
|2009/10||||
237||11
237||11
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2005||7||1
|-
|2006||8||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||16||1
|}

References

1981 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Andrés Iniesta (born 11 May 1984) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Barcelona and the Spanish national team. He is known for scoring the 2010 FIFA World Cup winning goal against the Netherlands in the 116th minute of extra time. He is regarded as one of the greatest midfielder of all time.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="12"|Barcelona||rowspan="12"|La Liga||6||0||0||0||3||0||9||0
|-
|2003/04||11||1||3||1||3||0||17||2
|-
|2004/05||37||2||1||0||8||0||46||2
|-
|2005/06||33||0||5||0||11||1||49||1
|-
|2006/07||37||6||8||1||9||2||54||9
|-
|2007/08||31||3||7||0||11||1||49||4
|-
|2008/09||26||4||6||0||9||1||43||5
|-
|2009/10||29||1||3||0||10||0||42||1
|-
|2010/11||34||8||5||0||10||1||49||9
|-
|2011/12||27||2||6||2||8||3||41||7
|-
|2012/13||31||3||5||2||10||1||46||6
|-
|2013/14||35||3||6||0||9||0||50||3
337||33||55||6||101||10||495||49
337||33||55||6||101||10||495||49
|}

International career statistics
|-
|2006||8||0
|-
|2007||12||5
|-
|2008||14||1
|-
|2009||5||0
|-
|2010||15||3
|-
|2011||9||1
|-
|2012||14||1
|-
|2013||17||0
|-
|2014||8||1
|-
!Total||102||12
|}

References 

1984 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
FC Barcelona players
Sergio Ramos García (; born 30 March 1986) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Paris Saint-Germain and the Spain national team.

Club career statistics 

Notes

International

Notes

International goals
 As of match played 6 September 2020. Spain score listed first, score column indicates score after each Ramos goal.

Notes

References 

1986 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
FIFA World Cup players
Juan Gutiérrez Moreno (born 23 July 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000/01||Recreativo Huelva||Segunda División||36||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="8"|Real Betis Balompié||rowspan="8"|La Liga||25||2
|-
|2002/03||26||3
|-
|2003/04||35||4
|-
|2004/05||33||4
|-
|2005/06||34||2
|-
|2006/07||34||3
|-
|2007/08||33||1
|-
|2008/09||35||1
|-
|2009/10||Atlético Madrid||La Liga||||
291||20
291||20
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||6||2
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
|2008||4||1
|-
!Total||25||3
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Cádiz
David Villa Sánchez (born 3 December 1981) is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a striker. He last played for Vissel Kobe of the J1 League. Best known for his ability to understand, and control the game, he was considered to be one of the best strikers of his generation. 

Villa also played for the Spanish national team from 2005 to 2017.

Career statistics

Club

International
Source:

References

1981 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
FC Barcelona players
Pablo Ibáñez (born 3 August 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Albacete Balompié||Segunda División||38||1
|-
|2003/04||La Liga||36||1
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="6"|La Liga||35||3
|-
|2005/06||35||2
|-
|2006/07||24||2
|-
|2007/08||34||1
|-
|2008/09||21||1
|-
|2009/10||||
223||11
223||11
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||11||0
|-
|2007||4||0
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
!Total||23||0
|}

References

1981 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
José Manuel Reina (born 31 August 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||19||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0||33||0
|-
|2001/02||11||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0||16||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Villarreal||rowspan="3"|La Liga||33||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0||37||0
|-
|2003/04||38||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0||53||0
|-
|2004/05||38||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0||57||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Liverpool||rowspan="5"|Premier League||33||0||5||0||0||0||13||0||51||0
|-
|2006/07||35||0||0||0||1||0||14||0||50||0
|-
|2007/08||38||0||0||0||0||0||14||0||52||0
|-
|2008/09||30||0||2||0||0||0||9||0||41||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
139||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||49||0||196||0
136||0||7||0||1||0||50||0||194||0
275||0||15||0||1||0||99||0||390||0
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||3||0
|-
|2007||4||0
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
!Total||19||0
|}

References
References 

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Madrid
FC Barcelona players
A plate block is a block of postage stamps that includes the part of the sheet margin with the serial number of the printing plate(s) used to print the stamps.

Sometimes the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves, but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet, frequently alongside the name of the printer.

Related pages
 Plating (stamps)
 Postage stamp block

Other websites 
 

Postage stamps
The Singapore Chinese Orchestra (SCO) is Singapore’s only professional Chinese orchestra.

As the main one of local performing arts groups, the SCO has the patronage of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. It is located at the Singapore Conference Hall since 2001 after the revamp of the building. Under the baton of music director Sheng Hui, the 70-strong orchestra aspires to introduce Chinese orchestral music to an ever-broadening audience.

References 

Singaporean culture
Orchestras
Organizations based in Singapore
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900) was the third Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha between 1893 and 1900. He was the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He died of throat cancer in Coburg, Germany in 1900 age 55 he died six days before his 56 th birthday his wife Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia out lived him by 20 years dying age 67 eight days after her 67 th birthday on 24 October 1920 the only child of Tsar Alexander II to survive the Russian Revolution died in her sleep from a heart attack  .

1844 births
1900 deaths
British royalty
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from throat cancer
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
Royalty from Berkshire
19th-century British people
The Hillsborough disaster happened on 15 April 1989. It happened at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. A stampede of people in the stadiums caused the deaths of 97 people (all Liverpool supporters). Another 766 people were injured. It happened during the FA Cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest football clubs.

After the disaster, it was believed to be caused by the football fans. However, this turned out not to be true. A later investigation saw that the police were to blame. Ambulances were not able to reach the pitch where the stampede happened, which helped increase the number of people who died. There is a memorial at Hillsborough Stadium in memory of the people who died.

It is the worst disaster in British sporting history.

The newspaper The Sun made an untrue headline, days after the disaster. In February 2017, Liverpool F.C. put a ban on The Sun journalists from entering their grounds in response to the coverage of Hillsborough by the newspaper.
References 

1989 disasters
1980s disasters in the United Kingdom
1980s in England
April 1989 events
Football in England
Police misconduct
Sheffield
Hillsborough Stadium is the home of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club in Sheffield, England. It was opened on 2 September 1899. It is now a 39,814 capacity all-seater stadium,. A lot of the seats are covered. It is in the Sheffield suburb of Owlerton. It takes its name from the parliamentary constituency in which it is.

On 15 April 1989, the ground was the scene of one of the worst sporting tragedies of all time. 94 Liverpool fans were crushed to death during an FA Cup semi-final. This was called the Hillsborough disaster. The final death toll was 96. This meant that extra security measures were added there and in other stadiums around the country.

References 

1899 establishments in England
Football stadiums in England
Sheffield
Buildings and structures in South Yorkshire
Liverpool Street station, also known as London Liverpool Street, is a major railway station in the  City of London. It is the southern terminus of the Great Eastern Main Line (GEML), and is connected to a London Underground station of the same name. 

Liverpool Street the main departure point from London to the East of England. It serves those places not served by the East Coast Main Line from King's Cross. It has commuter service to parts of East London and Essex, such as Chelmsford, Clacton-on-Sea, Witham and Norwich. It serves the London Stansted Airport via the Stansted Express. 

It is one of the busiest stations in the United Kingdom, the third busiest in London after Waterloo and Victoria. Over 123 million people use the station each year. It is one of 17 managed by Network Rail. The station has exits to Bishopsgate, Liverpool Street and the Broadgate development. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

Gallery

References

Other websites
Other websites

Station information on Liverpool Street station from Network Rail
Old Liverpool Street  Tribute to the old decor.
BBC Panorama programme featuring Liverpool Street station
Daily Telegraph article about the furor following the "Dirty War" documentary featuring Liverpool St. 
David Blunkett condemns docudrama 
London Landscape TV episode (7 mins) about Liverpool Street station 
Alternative view of the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan line platforms
Cut away diagram showing the London Underground station layout in 3d post CrossRail.

Rail transport stations in London fare zone 1
Floriana F.C. is an association football team from Malta.

1894 establishments in Europe
European football clubs
Sport in Malta
Organizations based in Malta
A testimonial match is an exhibition game played to raise money for a player who has been with a club for a long time.

Football (soccer) terminology
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance of a certain skill, sport, or other activity. The book Guinness World Records and other world records organizations collect and publish many world records. One of them is the World Records Union that is the unique world records register organization recognized by the Council of the Notariats of the European Union.

References 

Everyday life
George V (George Frederick Alexander Charles Ernest Augustus; 27 May 1819–12 June 1878) was the last King of Hanover and a member of the German branch of the House of Hanover.He was a grandson of George III of the United Kingdom and son of Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover. George V was a cousin of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Family

George married, on 18 February 1843, at Hanover, Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, the eldest daughter of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, by his wife, Duchess Amelia of Württemberg. They had three children.

Issue

Titles and styles
27 May 1819 – 20 June 1837: His Royal Highness Prince George of Cumberland
20 June 1837 – 18 November 1851: His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Hanover
18 November 1851 – 12 June 1878: His Majesty The King of Hanover

1819 births
1878 deaths
Kings and Queens of Hanover

German nobility
ubuntu-restricted-extras is a package for Ubuntu, that allows the user to install most of the essential restricted software, due to legal, or copyright reasons.
It is a meta-package that installs, among other things:
 Support for MP3 and DVD playback
 Microsoft TrueType core fonts
 Java runtime environment
 Flash plugin
 Common codecs
 unrar, an unarchiver for .rar files (non-free version)
 etc...

Inclusion
Ubuntu-restricted-extras is already included in distros like Super OS

Related pages
Ubuntu (operating system)

Other websites
 package details for ubuntu 9.04
 Ubuntu-restricted-extras offline installer 

Linux software
Elizabeth Wydeville was the wife of King Edward IV of England. She was the mother of King Edward V of England. She was also the mother of Elizabeth of York, the queen consort of King Henry VII of England.

Elizabeth was born some time around the year 1437, at Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire.  Her parents were Sir Richard Woodville and his wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, a foreign noblewoman who had first been married to the Duke of Bedford.  After her first husband died, Jacquetta fell in love with Sir Richard, who was not very rich or important even though he was a knight.  Jacquetta's friends and family felt that it was an unsuitable marriage and that he was not good enough for her.  They had fourteen children altogether.
When Elizabeth first met Edward, she was a widow.  Elizabeth and her first husband, Lord Grey, had two sons, Thomas and Richard.  Then Lord Grey was killed in battle, fighting on the opposite side to King Edward.  Because she was a widow who already had children, and because her family had supported King Edward's enemies, she was thought to be an unsuitable wife for the king.  Elizabeth and Edward were married in secret, because the king did not want to quarrel with his great friend the Earl of Warwick, who wanted Edward to marry a princess.  At the time of their marriage, Edward was 22 and Elizabeth a few years older.
When the Earl of Warwick discovered that the young king had married Elizabeth without his permission, he was furious.  Although he was forced to accept the marriage, he became angry at the way Elizabeth's family grew powerful as a result of her becoming queen.  A few years later, he turned against Edward and tried to put his rival, King Henry VI of England, back on the throne.  While Edward was fighting to get his throne back, Elizabeth went to Westminster Abbey to find sanctuary; this meant that, because the abbey was a holy place, she could not be captured by her enemies as long as she remained there.  While there, she gave birth to her first son, who was named Edward after his father.  After a while, her husband returned and rescued her and her children, defeating the Earl of Warwick in battle and killing him.
Elizabeth and Edward had ten children altogether.  Their eldest son, Edward, should have become king when his father died.  However, King Edward died suddenly, and his own younger brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, snatched the throne.  Richard hated the Woodville family, and killed Elizabeth's brother Anthony, who had been the guardian of her son Edward.  Both Edward and Elizabeth's younger son, Richard, were placed in the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace).  After a few months, they disappeared, and it was thought that King Richard had killed them.  This rumour made the new king unpopular with many of his people, and two years later, Henry Tudor took the throne from him in battle and became King Henry VII of England.  Henry VII married Elizabeth's eldest daughter, who was also called Elizabeth.  Elizabeth Woodville herself died a few years later at Bermondsey Abbey.

References

1437 births
1492 deaths
House of York
Kings and Queens consort of England
People from Northamptonshire
Suffolk County Council is the administrative authority for the county of Suffolk, England. It provides many services under the control of elected county councillors. This include education, planning, transport and streets, social services and public safety.

Other websites
Suffolk County Council

Organisations based in Suffolk
A groundskeeper is a person who maintains landscaping, gardens or sporting venues (and their vegetation where appropriate) for appearance and functionality.

Occupations
Gardening
Forth Bridge is a name used to refer to:

Bridges
Forth Rail Bridge, in Scotland
Forth Road Bridge, parallel to Forth Rail Bridge
Proposed Forth Road Bridge, a bridge intended to supplement the capacity of the Forth Road Bridge.

Films
The Forth Road Bridge, a 1965 documentary film about the Forth Road Bridge
For the nearby rail bridge, see Forth Rail Bridge.
The Forth Road Bridge is a suspension bridge crossing the Firth of Forth in Scotland. It connects the city of Edinburgh to Fife. The bridge carries cars and pedestrians across the Firth. It was built in 1963. Trains use the nearby Forth Rail Bridge, a historic railroad bridge built in 1890. The bridge was designed by architect Richard Gilbert Scott.

Repairs 
Even though the bridge was built so recently, it has had some serious repairs done. A report into the failure of nine heavy-duty nuts on the Forth Road Bridge said all 1,888 similar nuts on the crossing should be replaced.
All the cable band nuts and bolts were replaced in the late 1990s as part of a large project to replace the hanger ropes. Ten years later, a report found serious defects. Bridge authority FETA investigated when inspectors found the nine cracked nuts. Engineers FaberMaunsell carried out lab tests and a study of similar issues on suspension bridges across the world. The nuts are used to secure 192 'cable bands' to the bridge's main cables.

The report also found workmen had not placed washers correctly. This may have led to uneven pressure on the nuts. The protective coating on the nuts was poor, and allowed moisture to cause damage.

Engineers have now replaced all nuts and bolts which were cracked.

Notes 

Bridges in Scotland
Steel bridges
Suspension bridges
1963 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Scotland
Yankee Stadium is the new baseball stadium of the New York Yankees. It is in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The stadium opened in April 2009. It replaced the original Yankee Stadium, which the Yankees had played in since 1923. It was opened with an exhibition game against the Chicago Cubs on April 3, 2009. The first regular game was played on April 16, 2009.

The new stadium cost $1.5 billion dollars to build. It was the most expensive baseball stadium in the world. It is built to look like the old Yankee Stadium. It has many new and more modern features.

Stadium parts
The new stadium has many parts that look similar to the old one when it was first built. This includes the outside walls of the stadium, the color of the seats, and the size of the playing field being the same.

The new stadium has an area known as "Monument Park" behind the center field wall. Monument Park has monuments honoring  good Yankee players from past years. Monument Park is open before the game starts.
Another feature is the Great Hall. The Great Hall is a hallway near the entrance of the stadium with a tall roof and many stores and food stands. It also has banners to celebrate the team's history.

The new stadium has more than three times as many suites as the original. A suite is a fancy room with a view of the field where rich people watch the game. There are also many bars and clubs. It has better food than the original stadium.

Transport
People can drive to the stadium. There are several garages near it. It is near the New York Thruway in the Bronx. The stadium can also be reached by train, because there is a subway station near it. Trains can often be seen from the stadium.
Reception
The stadium is generally seen as being better than its predecessor, but some people dislike it. This mainly because the stadium's high cost has led to very high ticket prices. The high prices meant that there were many empty seats when the stadium first opened, especially behind the batter where tickets can cost up to 2,500 dollars. People have also disliked the stadium for its fan unfriendly practices. For example, fans cannot get autographs from players before the game. The stadium was seen as too expensive for being only a little better than the original. The new stadium also allowed many home runs during its first month, because of the way the wind moves the ball. That made many people call it "too easy".

References
References

 Official Site 
 Virtual tour of new Yankee Stadium 
 Newsday.com New Yankee Stadium 
 Ballparks of Baseball
 Ballparks.com overview of proposed stadium
 Photographic Updates of the Construction of the New Yankee Stadium
 Metro-North Railroad station at Yankee Stadium 
 Yankee Stadium Seating Chart

Major League Baseball venues
Sports buildings in New York City
The Bronx
2009 establishments in New York (state)
Citi Field is a major league baseball park in an outer part of New York City in Queens New York, and the home of the New York Mets, since the 2009 MLB season.  Citi Field is sponsored by Citi Bank.  Construction began in 2006 when the Mets home was still Shea stadium.  It replaced Shea Stadium, which was torn down after the 2008 baseball season.  The place where the old stadium stood is a parking lot now.  The 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played at Citi Field.
History 
Ideas to build a new ball park in Queens were first discussed in the 1990s. This happened because the Met's then current stadium, Shea Stadium, was growing older and did not have many features found in newer stadiums. The Mets, along with the City of New York made plans to build a new stadium, next to Shea. The project to build the stadium was approved in March 2006, and construction started soon after. The building of the stadium could be seen from Shea, during the 2007 and 2008 baseball season. The new stadium, named Citi Field opened on April 13, 2009.
Stadium features 
Citi Field has many interesting and unique attractions. The park has seats for up to 41,000 fans to watch a game. The seats are painted green to look similar to the Polo Grounds- another New York stadium torn down in 1965. Citi Field has a home run Apple in center field. The Apple is not a real apple, rather it is a large plastic apple with the Mets sign on it that rises when a Mets player hits a home run. This is similar to Shea stadium, which also had a home run apple. The foul poles at the stadium are painted orange.
Another part of the stadium is the Jackie Robinson Rotunda. This is the place where most fans enter the stadium, and teaches fans about Jackie Robinson, the first black player in Major League Baseball. Citi Field also has an area called the Pepsi Porch. It is a place where fans can watch the game in the outfield. The first two rows of the porch are over the playing field.
There is also a smaller field behind the centerfield wall where kids can play baseball and other games. The stadium also has a museum to show Mets history and many restaurants, bars, stores, and food stands which surround the field.

Transport
Citi Field has many big parking lots which surround the stadium, allowing fans to bring their car to the game. The Stadium also has a train station with the New York City Subway and Long Island railroad that goes to downtown New York City.
Changes
In the years after it opened, the stadium had a few changes. After the 2011 baseball season, the outfield fences were moved closer to the batter, because people thought it was too hard to hit home runs. The fences were also painted blue and orange.

Sources
http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/nym/ballpark/information/index.jsp 

 Stadium site on Mets.com 
 Citi Field Construction Photos—Webshots
 Official New York Mets Website 

Major League Baseball venues
Sports in New York City
Buildings and structures in New York City
New York Mets
2006 establishments in New York (state)
Queens (New York City)
Cabo San Lucas is a city in Baja California Sur, Mexico.  It is often called "Cabo".

Cabo is known for its beaches and scuba diving places.  The sea arch "El Arco de Cabo San Lucas" is popular with tourists. There are many resorts along the coast between Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo.

Climate

References

Baja California Sur
Cities in Mexico
Diatomyidae is a family of suborder Hystricomorpha, are rodents found in Asia. It is currently represented by a single known living species, the Laotian rock rat (Laonastes aenigmamus).

Rodents