Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Eventually it became common knowledge that Louis and Athénaïs were having a sexual relationship. Their first illegitimate  child was a daughter who was named after the couple ; Louise Françoise de Bourbon (1669-1672) but who died young. As the children born to the couple increased, a house in Paris was bought on the Rue Vaugirard where the children could be bought up by their nanny Madame Scarron (future Madame de Maintenon) and secret wife of Louis). Thanks to the constant requests of Athénaïs in 1673, the couple's three living illegitimate children were legitimated by Louis XIV and given the royal surname of de Bourbon. Their mother's name, however, was not mentioned. Despite having successfully seen her children with Louis legitimised, the arguments between Louis and Athénaïs became more and more frequent as well as ferocious, but the couple would invariably work things out. However, The "Affaire des Poisons"  (Affair of the poisons), which erupted in September 1677
. This was a national scandal, and it was thought that Athénaïs had been using certain poisons on Louis to ensure her influence on him would remain strong. Throughout her time as mistress of Louis, her influence on female fashion at court also remained considerable.
Children with Louis XIV

 Louise Françoise de Bourbon (1669-1672) died young.
 Louis Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine (31 March 1670 - 14 May 173) married Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon and had children. 
 Louis César de Bourbon, Count of Vexin (20 June 1672 – 10 January 1683) died in infancy. 
 Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Nantes (1 June 1673 – 16 June 1743) married Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon, Prince of Condé and had children. 
 Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Tours 18 November 1674 – 15 September 1681) died young.
 Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois (4 May 1677 – 1 February 1749) married Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France and had children.
 Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse (6 June 1678 – 1 December 1737) married Marie Victoire de Noailles and had children.

Later life
Later life

The last years of Madame de Montespan's life were given up to a very severe penance. Real sorrow over her death was felt by her three youngest children. She died on 27 May 1707 at the age of sixty-five while taking the waters at Bourbon-l'Archambault in order to try to heal an illness. The king refused to let her children to wear mourning for her.

References

1640 births
1707 deaths
French nobility
Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas.  It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians". 

After the Civil War, the word "Jayhawker" became synonymous with the people of Kansas. Today a Jayhawk is typically a student, fan, or alumnus of the University of Kansas. "Jayhawk" is also the name of their mascot, a mythical bird with a history based on the Bleeding Kansas era term.

History 
The term was adopted as a nickname by a group of emigrants traveling to California in 1849. The origin of the term may go back as far as the Revolutionary War, when it was reportedly used to describe a group associated with American patriot John Jay.
About 1858 the slang term "jayhawking" became widely used as a synonym for stealing. It was also used at the same time during the Kansas territorial period. The term came to be used to describe militant bands nominally associated with the free-state cause. 

Another historian of the time described the jayhawkers as bands of men that were willing to fight, kill, and rob for a variety of motives that included defense against pro-slavery. They fought "Border Ruffians" raiding into Kansas. In Missouri, "Jayhawker" was a derogatory term for Kansans who raided into Missouri, murdered slave owners, burned and looted their property in the name of freeing slaves.
Notorious Jayhawkers 
James Henry Lane , moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1855. Despite being a Democrat he became affiliated with the Free-Staters. He soon became one of the leaders of the Jayhawkers. Later a Union General and U.S. Senator, he led the 3rd and 4th Kansas Volunteer Infantry and 5th Kansas Cavalry on raids into Missouri. They burned most of the town of Osceola, Missouri, stole everything they could and freed the slaves in the town.

Charles R. Jennison was the leader of the "Independent Mounted Kansas Jayhawkers", also known as the 7th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, was another who led raids into Missouri. The regiment was officially termed the 7th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, but was popularly known as Jennison's Jayhawkers.
University of Kansas 
In 1890, the football team of the University of Kansas called themselves the "Jayhawkers". Later it was shortened to "Jayhawk". They became synonymous with their mascot, a mythical bird called the Jayhawk. Their connections to the Jayhawkers of the Bleeding Kansas era and Civil War are a part of their history.

References 

History of Kansas
Bleeding Kansas
Origins of the American Civil War
Hellsau is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Emmental
The Foglia is the northernmost river of the Marche region of Italy.

In ancient times it was known as Pisaurus, as it flows into the Adriatic Sea at Pisaurum (modern Pesaro), the last important trading centre along the river. It was also known as the Isaurus; a word that is kept in the name of the comune Belforte all'Isauro.

Geography
The Foglia river has a length of about . Its first  are in Tuscany.

Its tributaries are only small streams.

Course
The sources of the Foglia is are in the province of Arezzo (Tuscany), near Sasso Aguzzo, a hill between the  comuni of Sestino and Badia Tedalda, at an altitude of about .

Then it flows east trough the comuni Sestino,  Piandimeleto, Lunano, Sassocorvaro (where a dam forms an artificial lake called Lake of Mercatale), Auditore, Montecalvo in Foglia, Vallefoglia, Montelabbate and, near the mouth, Pesaro.

Two comuni have, in their names, the name of the riverː Montecalvo in Foglia and Vallefoglia.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of Italy

References
References 

Marche
Rivers of Italy
Tuscany
Herbligen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Hermiswil was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the municipality of Seeberg.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities in Oberaargau
2016 disestablishments in Switzerland
Municipalities in Oberaargau‎
Hermrigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Seeland
Altbüron is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Willisau
Entlebuch is a municipality of the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is the capital of the district Entlebuch.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 
 

Municipalities in Entlebuch
Doppleschwand is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the Swiss canton of Lucerne.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Entlebuch
Escholzmatt is a municipality of the district Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Escholzmatt and Marbach merged into the new municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach.

Other websites 

 Official website  

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Entlebuch District
Elle King (born July 3, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Her musical style is country, rock and soul. In 2012, she released her first EP, The Elle King EP. On February 17, 2015, she released her first album, Love Stuff. The album produced the top 10 song "Ex's & Oh's".

King was born in Los Angeles. She later moved to New York City.

Awards and nominations

References

Singers from Los Angeles
Singers from New York City
American rock musicians
Country musicians from California
1989 births
Living people
Country musicians from New York (state)
Serravalle is a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 1 April 2012 when the former municipalities of Malvaglia, Semione and Ludiano merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

2012 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities in Blenio
Gambarogno is a new municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra (Gambarogno), Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira (Gambarogno) merged into the new municipality of Gambarogno.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

2010 establishments in Switzerland
Flühli is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website of Flühli 

Municipalities in Entlebuch
Herzogenbuchsee is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2008, the former municipality of Oberönz merged into the municipality of Herzogenbuchsee.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Herzogenbuchsee 

Municipalities in Oberaargau
Freimettigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Hilterfingen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Hilterfingen 

Municipalities in Thun
The 2015–16 Superleague Greece was the 80th season of top division football in Greece. The season started on 22 August 2015 and ended in May 2016. Olympiacos won their sixth consecutive title and 43rd overall.

Teams

Results

UEFA play-offs 

* Source

Statistics

Top scorers

References 

2015 in association football
2016 in association football
William Joseph Walsh, known as Joe Walsh (born December 27, 1961), is an American conservative talk radio host and former politician.

He served one term in the United States House of Representatives for Illinois' . He served from January 2011 through January 2013, after defeating three-term incumbent Democratic Representative Melissa Bean by a margin of 291 votes in a surprising upset. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Walsh was defeated by retired U.S. Army Lt. Colonel Tammy Duckworth in the general election on November 6, 2012. He now hosts a conservative radio show on WIND-AM 560.

On August 25, 2019, Walsh announced his candidacy for President of the United States against President Donald Trump for the Republican nomination in 2020. He stated that Trump's behavior in office motivated him to declare his candidacy. He ended his campaign on February 9, 2020.

References

Other websites
 The Joe Walsh Show official site
 Joe Walsh for U.S. Congress
1961 births
Living people
United States representatives from Illinois
2020 United States presidential candidates
American radio personalities
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Fotbal Club Rapid București is a Romanian association football club from Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in 1923 by a group of workers. Rapid won the Romanian championship three times (1967, 1999 and 2003) and the Romanian Cup 13 times. In the 2015–16 season, they were promoted to Liga I.

Honours 

Liga I
Winners (3): 1966–67, 1998–99, 2002–03
Runners-up (14): 1936–37, 1937–38, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1950, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1997–98, 1999–00, 2005–06

Liga II
Winners (6): 1952, 1955, 1974–75, 1982–83, 1989–90, 2015–16
Runners-up (3): 1979–80, 1981–82, 2013–14

Cupa Eroilor (Heroes Cup)

Winners (1): 1942

Cupa României
Winners (13): 1934–35, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1941–42, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2006–07
Runners-up (6): 1960–61, 1961–62, 1967–68, 1994–95, 1998–99, 2011–12

Supercupa României
Winners (4): 1999, 2002, 2003, 2007
Runners-up (2): 1998, 2006

References

Other websites 
Official website of the club
Romanian football clubs
1923 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Romania
Fotbal Club Dinamo București (Usually just called Dinamo) is a Romanian association football club from Bucharest, Romania. The team is one of the most successful clubs in Romania, having won 18 Romanian Liga I titles, 13 Romanian Cups and 2 Supercupa României. They reached the semi-finals of the 1983–84 European Cup, only to be defeated by Liverpool 3–1.

The club was founded in 1948, and is one of the few to stay in the Liga I for it's entire history. The team's traditional home colours are white and red. Also, the club's biggest rival is Steaua Bucuresti.

Honours
Honours 

Romanian League Championship: (18)
 Winners: 1955, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1999–00, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2006–07
 Runners-up (20): 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958–59, 1960–61, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2004–05
Romanian Cup: (13)
 Winners: 1958–59, 1963–64, 1967–68, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2011–12
 Runners-up (10): 1954, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2015–16
Romanian Super Cup: (2)
 Winners: 2005, 2012
 Runners-up (4): 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007

Other websites 

Official website  
Online Tickets  
FCD.ro  
Fan Club Dinamo Bucuresti  
FCDinamo.net  
Dinamo Mania   
Ultras Tei  
The history of Dinamo Bucharest

References 

Romanian football clubs
1948 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Romania
Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj ('CFR' stands for Căile Ferate Române, meaning Romanian Railways) is a Romanian association football club from Cluj-Napoca in Transylvania, Romania. The club spent most of its history in the lower divisions. Great financial gains in 2002 led them to reach the Liga I in 2004. The following season, the CFR Cluj took part in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and finished as runners-up. For the first time in their history, the club won the Liga I in 2008. That season, they took the title away from the teams of Bucharest for the first time in 17 years. Since 2004, they have won the Liga I 3 times, the Romanian Cup 3 times and the Romanian Supercup twice.

The teams colours are purple and white, and their biggest rival is Universitatea Cluj.

Honours
Honours 

Liga I
Winners (3): 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12
Liga II
Winners (2): 1968–69, 2003–04
Runners-up (1): 1977–78
Liga III
Winners (7): 1946–47, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1995–96, 2001–02
Runners-up (3): 1936–37, 1958–59, 1987–88
Romanian Cup
Winners (4): 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10,  2015–16
Runners-up (1): 2012–13
Romanian Supercup
Winners (2): 2009, 2010
Runners-up (1): 2012

European competitions 

Their most recent appearance in a European competition was in the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League, in which they reached the third qualifying round.

Other websites 

 

Romanian football clubs
The 2016–17 Liga I was the 99th season of Liga I, which is the top division football league in Romania. The season began on 23 July 2016 and ended in May 2017. Viitorul Constanța won the tournament.

Teams

Results 

* Rapid București, CFR Cluj and Târgu Mureș were all subtracted points for failing to comply with licensing requirements.

Championship round 

Teams start the Championship round with their points from the Regular season halved, rounded upwards, and no other records carried over from the Regular season.

Relegation round 

Teams start the Relegation round with their points from the Regular season halved, rounded upwards, and no other records carried over from the Regular season.

Play-offs 

ACS Poli Timișoara wins play-offs and stays in the Liga I.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

2016 in association football
2017 in sports
The Cupa României (English: Romanian Cup) is an association football club tournament for Romanian teams. It has been held annually since 1933–34, except during World War II. All teams connected to the Romanian Football Federation can perform in the tournament. The winner of the cup is granted a place in the play-off round of the UEFA Europa League.

The most successful teams have been mainly from Bucharest, with Steaua București winning 22 titles, followed by Rapid București and Dinamo București with thirteen each.

Format 

Since the 2009–10 season, the format has been as such:

The county phase begins the tournament and is organized by the county football associations. Forty-two teams (one from each county) advance to the next phase.
First round – 140 teams (42 teams qualified from the county phase and 98 Liga III teams)
 Second round – 80 teams (70 winners from the first round and the remaining 10 Liga III teams)
 Third round – 40 teams (winners from the second round)
 Fourth round – 56 teams (20 winners from the third round and all 36 Liga II teams)
 Round of 32 – (14 winners from the fifth round and all 18 Liga I teams)
 Round of 16 (winners from the Round of 32)
 Quarter-finals
 Semi-finals
 Final

Performances

Other websites 

 Official site
 The Romanian Cup on the FRF's official site

References 

Football competitions in Europe
Football in Romania
1993 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Romania
Clubul Sportiv Municipal Studențesc Iași (previously called CSMS Iași) is a professional association football club from Iaşi, Romania. The club was founded in 2010 and currently plays in the Liga I. The team's colours are blue and white.

History 

On August 2010, Tricolorul Breaza merged with Navoby Iași and formed ACSMU Politehnica Iași. Ionuț Popa was appointed manager and Grigore Sichitiu as executive president. In the summer of 2011 the club was renamed to Clubul Sportiv Municipal Studenţesc Iași.

After many managerial changes, the club was finally promoted to Liga I after finishing 1st in the 2013–14 Liga II season.

Honours 

Liga II
Winners (2): 2011–12, 2013–14

Other websites 

CS Municipal Studenţesc Iaşi official website
CS Municipal Studenţesc Iaşi at Soccerway.com

References 

Romanian football clubs
2010 establishments in Europe
21st-century establishments in Romania
Hasle is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Villages
 Habschwanden
 Heiligkreuz

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Entlebuch
Fotbal Club Astra Giurgiu (Usually called Astra Giurgiu or just Astra) is a professional association football club from Giurgiu, Romania. They currently play in the Liga I.

The club was formed in 1921 in Ploiești (a city about 116 km north of Giurgiu), as Clubul Sportiv Astra-Română. The club spent most of its history in the lower divisions. In 1990, the club was taken over by businessman Ioan Niculae and has since improved. In September 2012, the team was moved from Ploiești to Giurgiu.

The team won their first Liga I title in 2015–16. They also won 1 Cupa României and 1 Supercupa României.

The colours of the club are white and black, which is why their nickname Dracii Negri (The Black Devils).
The club has also had many names. These include: Clubul Sportiv Astra-Română (1921–1934), Astra Română Câmpina (1934–1937), Astra Română Ploiești (1937–1938), Colombia Ploiești (1938–1945), Astra Română Ploiești (1945–1959), Rafinorul Ploiești (1959–1990), CS Astra Ploiești (1990–1996), AS Danubiana Ploiești (1996–1998), SC FC Astra Ploiești (1998–2005), CSM Ploiești (2005–2007), FC Ploiești (2007–2009) and FC Astra Ploiești (2009–2012).

Honours 

 Liga I
Winners (1): 2015–16
Runners-up (1): 2013–14
 Liga II
Winners (1): 1997–98
Runners-up (1): 2008–09
 Liga III
Winners (1): 2007–08
 Cupa României
Winners (1): 2013–14
 Supercupa României
Winners (1): 2014

References

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Official Facebook profile
 Club profile on UEFA's official website
 Club profile on LPF's official website
 Club profile on RomanianSoccer website
 Club profile on Liga1 website 

Romanian football clubs
1921 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Romania
Marbach was a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Marbach and Escholzmatt merged into the new municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach.

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Entlebuch District
Escholzmatt-Marbach is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Escholzmatt and Marbach merged into the new municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Escholzmatt-Marbach 

Municipalities in Entlebuch
2013 establishments in Switzerland
Liga II (previously called Divizia B) is the second tier division association football league in Romania. The winners of the league get promoted to the Liga I. The current champions are Rapid București and Gaz Metan Mediaș.

Format 

Liga II is made up of two regional leagues called Seria I and Seria II, each with 14 teams. In order to avoid long and expensive travels,t he clubs are divided based on where they are in Romania. Seria I usually has teams from the east, while Seria II has teams from the east. Teams in the center of Romania can choose which regional league they want to play in.

The best 6 teams from each Seria moves on to a play-off for promotion to Liga I. The rest of the teams will move on to a relegation play-off.

Until the 2012–13 season Liga II had 2 groups of 16 teams each. At the end of the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons the last five teams were relegated.

Champions

References
References 

Football competitions in Europe
Football in Romania
1934 establishments
1930s establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Romania
Organizations based in Romania
Fotbal Club Botoșani (usually just called FC Botoșani or Botoșani) is a professional Romanian association football club from Botoşani, Romania. Since the 2016–17 season, they play in the Liga I. It is the first club from Botoşani County to be promoted to the top league.

The club was formed in 2001 as Fotbal Club Botoșani. They started in the  started in Divizia C, Serie I. They quickly made it to the Liga I after finishing 1st in the 2012–13 Liga II season.

The club plays at the Stadionul Municipal, which has a capacity of around 12,000 people. Supporter groups include the "Dark Hooligans", "Renegatii" and "BT Pride". They have a historical rivalry with Rapid CFR Suceava, but have recently grown to be rivals with Municipal Studențesc Iași as well.

The club's colours are red, white and blue. The home kit is usually white, while the away kit is generally blue.

Honours 

Liga II
Winners (1): 2012–13
Liga III
Winners (1): 2003–04

References
References

Other websites 
 
 Official Facebook profile 
 FC Botoșani at Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal

Romanian football clubs
2001 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Romania
The Stadionul Municipal is a multi-use stadium in Botoşani, Romania. It is usually used for football matches with FC Botoșani (since 2001). The stadium holds 12,000 people. It was renovated in 2008, 2009 and 2013.

Other websites 

StadiumDB profile

Stadiums in Europe
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262 was adopted on March 27, 2014 by the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly in response to the Russian annexation of Crimea and entitled "Territorial integrity of Ukraine". The non-binding resolution, which was supported by 100 United Nations member states, affirmed the General Assembly's commitment to the territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders and underscored the invalidity of the 2014 Crimean referendum. Eleven (11) nations voted against the resolution, while 58 abstained, and a further 24 states were absent when the vote took place.

The resolution was introduced by Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. The adoption of the resolution was preceded by the unsuccessful attempts of the United Nations Security Council, that convened seven sessions to address the Crimean crisis, only to face Russian veto.

Related pages
 United Nations

References
References

Other websites
 Complete text of the Resolution 68/262

United Nations
Clubul Sportiv Universitatea Craiova is a professional association football club from Craiova, Romania.

Two teams were founded in Craiova in the year 1921: Craiovan Craiova and Rovine Griviţa Craiova. These two clubs merged to form the very successful team, FC Craiova. The team dissolved in 1949. Finally in 1948, Universitatea Craiova was formed by a group of students and professors.

Since it's founding, the club has won 4 Liga I titles, 6 Cupa României titles, 2 Liga II titles and 1 Liga III title. They also reached the quarter-finals of the 1981–82 UEFA Champions League tournament.

The team's colours are blue and white.

Honours 

Liga I

Winners (4): 1973–74, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1990–91
Runners-up (4): 1972–73, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1993–94

Cupa României
Winners (7): 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1990–91, 1992–93, 2017–18
Runners-up (3): 1974–75, 1984–85, 1993–94

Liga II
Winners (2):  1963–64, 2013–14
Runners-up (1): 1960–61

Liga III
Winners (1): 1957–58

References

Other websites 
Official website
Romanian football clubs
1948 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Romania
Release might refer to:

Release (music)
Software release
Movie release
News release
Richenthal is a village and former municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2006 the former municipalities of Richenthal and Langnau bei Reiden merged into the municipality of Reiden.

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Villages in Lucerne
Azzedine Alaïa (; , ; 26 February 1935 – 18 November 2017) was a Tunisian haute couture fashion designer based in Paris. 

In 2008, he was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.

In 2011, he started showing his collections on the catwalk again after an eight-years pause.

In 2015, he was celebrated at the Galleria Borghese in Rome with an exhibition called "Couture/Sculpture: Azzedine Alaïa in the History of Fashion".

References

Other websites

1935 births
2017 deaths
Fashion designers
Legion of Honour
People from Tunis
Twin people
Sandy Springs is a city in Fulton County, Georgia. It is north of Atlanta. Its population was 108,080 in 2020.

References 

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Fulton County, Georgia
In the history of the United States of America, a slave state was a U.S. state in which the practice of slavery was legal at a particular point in time. A free state was one in which slavery was prohibited. Slavery was an issue that divided the country. It was one of the primary causes of the American Civil War. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery in every state and territory of the United States except in cases of punishment for criminal activity. After that time the terms became more or less obsolete because all states were free of slavery.

Early history
Early history 

Slavery was legal and practiced in each of the Thirteen Colonies. Organized political and social movements to end slavery began in the mid-18th century. The desire for freedom from Britain, expressed in the American Revolutionary War, caused many black Americans to join the revolution in hopes they would be freed also. Others joined the British Army, encouraged by British promises of freedom in exchange for military service. After the British lost the war, thousands were taken to Nova Scotia.
In the 1770s, blacks throughout New England began sending petitions to northern legislatures demanding freedom. At the Constitutional Convention many slavery issues were debated and for a time slavery was a major obstacle to passage of the new constitution. As a compromise the institution of slavery was acknowledged although never mentioned directly in the constitution. An example is the Fugitive Slave Clause.  By 1789, five of the Northern states had policies that started to gradually abolish slavery: Pennsylvania (1780), New Hampshire and Massachusetts (1783), Connecticut and Rhode Island (1784). Vermont abolished slavery in 1777, while it was still independent. When it joined the United States as the 14th state in 1791, it was the first state to join that had no slavery. By 1804 all of the northern states had abolished slavery or had plans in place to gradually reduce it. There were 11 free states and 11 slave states. Later came the civil war.
In the South, Kentucky was created as a slave state from a part of Virginia (1792). Tennessee was created a slave state out of a part of North Carolina (1796). By 1803, after Ohio had been admitted to the United States, there were nine free states and eight slave states. The geographic divide between northern free states and southern slave states became the Mason–Dixon line. In 1820, the Missouri Compromise extended the Mason–Dixon line westward as the official dividing line between free and slave states east of the Ohio River.

New territories
New territories

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, passed just before the U.S. Constitution was ratified, prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory. The southern boundary of the territory was the Ohio River.  This was regarded as a westward extension of the Mason–Dixon line. The territory was generally settled by New Englanders and American Revolutionary War veterans who were granted land there. The states created from the territory – Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Iowa (1846), Wisconsin (1848), and Minnesota (1858) – were all free states.
War of 1812 
During the War of 1812, the British accepted all slaves who came into their hands as free. This was without any conditions as to military service such as had been made in the Revolutionary War. By the end of the War of 1812, the momentum for antislavery reform, state by state, appeared to lose momentum. Half the states had already abolished Slavery, had prohibited it from the start or were in the process of eliminating slavery. The other half were committed to preserving slavery within their borders.

At the federal level politicians were concerned over the balance of power in the United States. Each state had two senators so if there were an equal number of states on both sides of the issue, nothing could be done on the federal level. With an equal number of slave states and free states, the Senate was equally divided on issues important to the South. Both the North and South were concerned over the western territories and whether new states would be admitted as free states or slave states.
Missouri Compromise

Controversy over whether Missouri should be admitted as a slave state, resulted in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. This specified that Louisiana Purchase territory north of latitude 36° 30', which described most of Missouri's southern boundary, would be organized as free states. Territory south of that line would be reserved for organization as slave states. As part of the compromise, the admission of Maine (1820) as a free state was secured to balance Missouri's admission as a slave state (1820). The growing population in the industrialized North resulted in the House of Representatives having more free state votes than slavery votes. To overcome this imbalance, in 1836 the House instituted a "gag rule" forbidding the House from considering any anti-slavery petitions. It was repealed on December 3, 1844.
Texas and the Mexican Cession
The admission of Texas (1845) and the U.S. obtaining the vast new Mexican Cession territories (1848) after the Mexican–American War created further North-South conflict. Although the settled portion of Texas was an area rich in cotton plantations and dependent on slavery, the territory acquired in the Mountain West did not seem hospitable to cotton or slavery. As part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state (1850), without a slave state pair. To avoid creating a free state majority in the Senate, California agreed to send one pro-slavery and one anti-slavery senator to Congress.

Last battles
The difficulty of identifying territory that could be organized into additional slave states stalled the process of opening the western territories to settlement. Slave state politicians sought a solution, with efforts being made to acquire Cuba (see Ostend Manifesto, 1852) and to annex Nicaragua (see Walker affair, 1856–57). Both were to be slave states.
In 1854, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was superseded by the Kansas–Nebraska Act. This allowed white male settlers in the new territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory. The result was that pro- and anti-slavery elements flooded into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down. This led to the conflict known as Bleeding Kansas. An effort was attempted to organize Kansas for admission as a slave state. It was to be paired with Minnesota as a free state. But the admission of Kansas as a slave state was blocked because of questions over the legitimacy of its slave state constitution. Anti-slavery settlers in Kansas in the 1850s were called Free-Soilers, because they fought (successfully) to include Kansas in the Union as a free state in 1861. When the admission of Minnesota proceeded unimpeded in 1858, the balance in the Senate was lost. Oregon was admitted in 1859 as a free state.
End of slavery
 
At the start of the Civil War, there were 34 states in the United States, 15 of which were slave states. Of these, 11 slave states declared their secession from the United States to form the Confederacy. The slave states that stayed in the Union were Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, and Kentucky, and were referred to as the border states. By the time the Emancipation Proclamation was made in 1863 Tennessee was already in Union control. So the Proclamation applied only to the 10 remaining Confederate states. Abolition of slavery also became a condition of the return of local rule in those states that had declared their secession. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery throughout the United States on December 18, 1865, ending the distinction between slave and free states.

References 

Slavery in the United States
Romoos is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Entlebuch
Hindelbank is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Hindelbank
 

Municipalities in Emmental
The Province of Fermo () is a province in the Marche region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Fermo.

It is a province since 2004 with parts of the province of Ascoli Piceno but it was in 2009 when it became an active province.

Geography

Fermo has an area of , the smallest province of the Marche region. The province is surrounded, by land, by two provinces of Marcheː the province of Macerata in the north and west and the province of Ascoli Piceno in the south; to the east is the Adriatic Sea on the east.

The main rivers in the province, from north to south, are (all of them flow to the east into tfe Adriatic Sea but Ete Morto)ː
 Chienti - 91 km long; its mouth is near Civitanova Marche.
 Tenna - 70 km long; its mouth is near Porto Sant'Elpidio.
 Ete Morto - 40 km long; it is a tributary of the Chienti river.
 Ete Vivo 35 km long; its mouth is near Porto San Giorgio.
 Aso - 63 km long; its mouth is near Pedaso.

The highest mountain in the province is Monte Priora,() in the Apennines; it is  high.
Population
There are 174,849 persons living in the province (1 January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

Municipalities 
There are 40 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:

 Altidona
 Amandola
 Belmonte Piceno
 Campofilone
 Falerone
 Fermo
 Francavilla d'Ete
 Grottazzolina
 Lapedona
 Magliano di Tenna
 Massa Fermana
 Monsampietro Morico
 Montappone
 Monte Giberto	
 Monte Rinaldo
 Monte San Pietrangeli
 Monte Urano
 Monte Vidon Combatte
 Monte Vidon Corrado
 Montefalcone Appennino
 Montefortino
 Montegiorgio
 Montegranaro
 Monteleone di Fermo
 Montelparo
 Monterubbiano
 Montottone
 Moresco	
 Ortezzano
 Pedaso
 Petritoli
 Ponzano di Fermo
 Porto San Giorgio
 Porto Sant'Elpidio
 Rapagnano
 Sant'Elpidio a Mare
 Santa Vittoria in Matenano
 Servigliano
 Smerillo
 Torre San Patrizio

The largest comune is Fermo, with  and the smallest is Pedaso, with . The comune with fewest people living in it is Smerillo with 366 inhabitants.
Main comuni
The following table shows the 10 comuni with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of comuni of the Province of Fermo

References

 Fermo
Höchstetten is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Emmental
Höfen bei Thun was a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Höfen, Niederstocken and Oberstocken merged into the new municipality of Stocken-Höfen.

Former municipalities in Thun
The following is a list of the 40 comuni of the Province of Fermo, Marche, in Italy.

References

Fermo
Bonaduz () is a municipality of the district Imboden in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Imboden
Hofstetten bei Brienz is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Interlaken-Oberhasli
Homberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Thun
Jennifer Louise "Jenni" Williams is an activist from Zimbabwe.  She started the organization WOZA (Women of Zimbabwe Arise) to protest the Zimbabwe government.  In 2007 she received an International Women of Courage Award.

Life 

Willimas has an Irish grandfather and a Matabele grandmother. When she was sixteen years old, she left school to take care of her brothers and sisters.

Work 

From 1994 to 2002 Williams was head of a public relations company.

In 2003 Williams started WOZA to work for women's rights and government reform.  By 2009, she had been in prison more than 50 times.

Awards 
 International Women of Courage Award (2007)
 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award (2009)
 Ginetta Sagan award (2012)

References 

Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Zimbabwean activists
1962 births
American feminists
American human rights activists
If Only I Could (Chinese: 十年…你还好吗？) is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It began its run from 31 May 2016. There are 20 episodes. It stars Rui En, Paige Chua, Andie Chen and Elvin Ng as the main characters.

Plot
Chen Zhenhao struggles to keep her family together despite a disapproving mother-in-law, an easygoing husband too generous with his meagre earnings, and a son with hyperactivity.

Huo Xiwen endures marital problems with her husband Huang Degang and suffers a miscarriage after an accident.

Zhenhao is later diagnosed with breast cancer, and together with her former schoolmate and rival, Xiwen, who’s also seen her share of misfortune, the pair travel back in time to start their lives over and avoid all the mistakes they’ve made. But the two long-suffering wives realise they’re worse off than before.
Cast
Rui En as Chen Zhenhao
Paige Chua as Huo Xiwen
Andie Chen as He Daxian
Elvin Ng as Huang Degang
Tracy Lee as Liu Kaiqin
Hong Huifang as Li Xiumei
Li Wenhai as Huo Zhiyong
Lin Meijiao as Ceng Wanjie
Rynn Lim as Lin Sen
Hayley Woo as He Xiaoqi
Youyi as Hui Ling
Sun Yi En as younger Wen Fang

Trivia
Elvin Ng's first role as an antagonist.
Tracy Lee's first drama after her change to a per-project contract.

References

Singaporean television programs
Chinese language
2010s television series
Drama television series
Clubul Sportiv Gaz Metan Mediaș is a professional association football club from Mediaș, Sibiu County, Romania. They were founded in 1945 and currently play in the Liga I.

They currently play at the Stadionul Gaz Metan, which has a capacity of around 7,800 people.

Their best performance in the Liga I was at 7th place in the 2010–11 Liga I. They have never won the Romanian cup, but got 2nd place in 1951. They have won the Liga II 2 times and the Liga III 3 times.

The club has had many names: Karres Mediaș, CSM Mediaș, Zorile Rosii Mediaș, Gaz Metan Mediaș, Partizanul (1950–51), Flacara (1951–56), Energia (1956–58), Gaz Metan (1958–60), and CSM Mediaș (1960–1963).

Honours 

Liga II
Winners (2): 1999–00, 2015–16
Runners-up (5): 1946–47, 1952, 1954, 2004–05, 2007–08
Liga III
Winners (3): 1972–73, 1976–77, 1992–93

Other websites 

 Official website 
 History 
 Supporter website 
 lupiinegri.ro  
 Fan page Facebook

References
References 

Romanian football clubs
1945 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Romania
Fotbal Club Viitorul Constanța is a professional association football club from Ovidiu, Constanța County, Romania. They currently play in the Liga I.

The club was founded in the summer of 2009 and began to play in the Liga III. It was founded by famous Romanian footballer Gheorghe Hagi. The club currently possesses the top youth facilities of any club in the country.

They won the Liga III in the 2009-10 season. Also, their team colours are blue, white and black.

Honours 

Liga III
Winners (1): 2009-10

References 

Romanian football clubs
2009 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Romania
Schüpfheim is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Entlebuch
The Mason–Dixon line, also called Mason's and Dixon's line, originally determining the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania, was surveyed and marked between 1763 and 1767. Two English surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, were hired by the Penn and Calvert families to settle a border dispute. In 1760 the British crown, tired of the violence between the two colonies, demanded the dispute over the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania be settled according to an agreement made in 1732. The line the two surveyors came up with was so accurate it is still considered a marvel. GPS measurements show the line to be off by an inch (2.54 cm) or less in places and no more than  in others.

Background
England's Secretary of State under James I of England was George Calvert. When he decided to publicly announce he was a Catholic in 1625, English law required him to resign his position. The king made him an Irish baronet with the title of "Lord Baltimore". Calvert was one of the investors in the Virginia Company but was not allowed to go to the Virginia Colony because of his religion. Now retired and with time on his hands, Calvert turned his attention to overseas plantations. A wealthy man, Calvert started his own "Avalon" colony in Newfoundland. But by 1629 Calvert lost interest. He then convinced Charles I of England, James's successor, to give him a land grant to start the colony of Maryland. The king gave Calvert and his son everything north of the Potomac River to the 40th parallel and everything from the Atlantic Ocean to the source of the Potomac. The first Lord Calvert died in 1632. His sons went on to found the Maryland colony
. On May 27th, 1634, Leonard Calvert with about 300 settlers arrived at St. Mary's City, Maryland on the Chesapeake Bay.
William Penn, a leading member of the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers, was one of those who was granted the colonial province of West New Jersey in 1677. While colonists settled there, Penn remained in England. Charles II of England owed Penn's father a large loan which at the elder Penn's death the king settled by granting Penn a large area of land "Sylvania" (Latin for woods) west and south of New Jersey. Charles renamed it Pennsylvania in honor of Penn's father. Perhaps Charles II was glad to have a place to send political outsiders like Penn that was far away from England. Issued on March 4, 1681, the boundaries of Pennsylvania were:

The dispute 

In 1682, an error in surveying placed Philadelphia inside the lands granted to Maryland. The two charters had overlapped. The Calvert family in Maryland demanded Philadelphia become a part of Maryland. The Penn family defended the error and in 1729 established Lancaster County, Pennsylvania partly in defense of the error.
Slavery and the Mason-Dixon line 
In 1781, Pennsylvania abolished slavery. The original line became the rough dividing line between Southern slave states and Northern free states. The exception was Delaware which remained a slave state up to the American Civil War. Fifty years later the Missouri Compromise of 1820 established a line extending the Mason–Dixon line westward to the Ohio River. Then following the border of Ohio to the mouth of the river at the Mississippi River, then westward along 36 degrees 30 minutes North. The line began as a way to end a border dispute and became best known as the line separating slave and free states.

References

Other websites 
 historical markers Mason-Dixon line; Google
 Crownstone 40 stone dedication

Geography of Maryland
Geography of Pennsylvania
Territorial disputes
Horrenbach-Buchen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Thun
Huttwil is a city in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Oberaargau
Cities in Switzerland
Son Heung-min (Hangul: 손흥민 [sʰon hɯŋmin]; born 8 July 1992) is a South Korean soccer player. He is now in the English Premier League at Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. Son is a forward who plays both as a winger and a striker. He played in the Bundesliga for Hamburger SV and Bayer Leverkusen. Son is also a key player on the South Korean national team. He played in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Personal life
Son was born on July 8th 1992 in Chuncheon, South Korea. He was taught by his father, who was a football player. He graduated Chuncheon Buan Elementary School. Then he entered Chuncheon Hupyeong Middle School, butl he transferred to and graduated from Wonju Yukmingwan Middle School. He entered Dongbuk High School, but quit to join Hamburger SV.

Club Career

Hamburger SV
In 2008, Son joined the youth academy of Hamburger SV in the Bundesliga at the age of 16. He signed a professional contract before the 2010-2011 season.

Bayer 04 Leverkusen
In June 2013, he transferred to Bayer 04 Leverkusen.
Tottenham Hotspur
In August 2015, Son joined the English Premier League team Tottenham Hotspur F.C.

International career
Son's first international competition was the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. Later, he played in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

References

Living people
South Korean footballers
1992 births
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
A ring diacritic may appear above or below letters. It may be used with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, a ring below a letter is used for voicelessness.

Other websites
Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents

Alphabetic diacritics
Werthenstein is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Entlebuch
Wolhusen is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the Lucerne canton of Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Entlebuch