Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
There are gates and sluices at the ends of the Afsluitdijk. The gates, called locks, can be opened to let ships through. The sluices let water out of the IJsselmeer. If there were no sluices the lake would fill up and flood the countryside. This is because it is always being filled with water from rivers and the polders which are still being drained.

Related pages
 Flood

Other websites 

 Nieuw Land Poldermuseum –A Flevoland museum on the Zuiderzee Works and Dutch water management in general.
 The Zuiderzee Museum–Dedicated to the history and culture of the former Zuiderzee.
 Directorate IJsselmeer Region –The administration responsible for maintaining most of the Zuiderzee Works.

Dams in Europe
Water infrastructure
Seven Wonders of the Modern World
Buildings and structures in the Netherlands
Geography of the Netherlands
History of the Netherlands
Flevoland
Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (February 3, 1898 – May 11, 1976 ) was a Finnish architect who made many important contributions to architecture. Sometimes called the "Father of Modernism".

Life 
Alvar Aalto was born in Kuortane, Finland. He studied architecture at the Technical University of Helsinki from 1916 to 1921. He returned to Jyväskylä, where he opened his first architectural office in 1923. Alvar Aalto died in May 11, 1976, in Helsinki.

Other websites 
 Alvar Aalto Foundation Custodian of Aalto's architectural drawings and writings.
 Aalto bibliography  - From the official site
 Alvar Aalto - Design Dictionary  Illustrated article about Alvar Aalto
 Alvar Aalto's Savoy Vase (1936)

References 

1898 births
1976 deaths

Finnish people
Architects
The Crook of Devon is a Perthshire village about 6 miles south west of Kinross on the A977. It was famous in the 17th century for its witch burnings. Down the road at the side of the Institute (Village Hall) on the right hand side is a field called Lamblaires and in the north west corner is the place where the witches were  strangled and then burned at the stake.

References

Other websites 
 Overview of Crook of Devon

Villages in Scotland
Perth and Kinross
Opéra comique is a French opera tradition.  Many French operas from the early 18th century to the early 20th century are opéras comiques.  In this French tradition there is spoken dialogue as well as songs and dances. It developed from the popular vaudevilles.  

In Paris there is a theatre called the Opéra-Comique where these operas were performed.  Although “opéra comique” means “comic opera” it is not necessarily comedy.  Bizet’s opera Carmen is probably the most famous opéra comique, and it is a tragedy. By the late 19th century the opéra-comique usually had no spoken dialogue.  There was music all the way through (as there is in Carmen).

Opera genres
History 
The earliest vaudeville was the vau de vire, a Norman song of the 15th century, named after the valley of Vire. During the 16th century a style grew in the towns in France called the voix de ville ( city voices), whose name may have been a pun on vau de vire. These were also satirical. The two styles came together and in the 17th and 18th century. The term 'vaudeville' came to be used for songs satirizing political and court events.

Growth 
The comédie en vaudeville grew from the tradition of these simple songs. The Paris audiences in the late 17th and early 18th century enjoyed hearing the familiar vaudeville tunes to new words. These comedies then grew into opéra-comique.

References 
Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vaudeville.

Song forms
Opera genres
is a city at the east side of Rotterdam. It is on the river IJssel and it has around 65,000 inhabitants. The place is well-known because the Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende lives there.

Cities in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Paperveroideae.

The name is used especially for the bright red flowers which are common in this group. They are symbolic, and used to remember the Armistice Day of World War I, now known as Remembrance Day. Now it is celebrated in the Commonwealth for those who died in all wars.
Some types can be grown and used to make the drug opium. Ancient Egyptian doctors had their patients eat seeds from a poppy to relieve pain. Poppy seeds contain small quantities of both morphine and codeine. These are pain-relieving drugs that are still used today. The morphine practically disappears from the seeds twenty days after the flower has opened, so from then on poppy seeds and their oils are not narcotic.
There are a number of showy flowers, typically one per stem, in to the poppy family. They include a number of attractive wildflower species with showy flowers growing singularly or in large groups. Many species are grown in gardens. These include large plants used in a mixed herbaceous border and small plants that are grown in rock or alpine gardens.
The flower color of poppy species include: white, pink, yellow, orange, red and blue. Some have dark center markings. The cultivated species include many other colors ranging from dark solid colors to soft pastel shades.  Before blooming, the petals are crumpled in bud, and as blooming finishes, the petals often lie flat before falling away.

The pollen of the oriental poppy, Papaver orientale, is dark blue. The pollen of the field poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) is dark blue to grey. Bees use poppies for their pollen.

The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is grown for opium, opiates or seeds to be used in cooking and baking.

Gallery

Related pages 
Morphine
Heroin

References 

Flowers
Ranunculales
National symbols of Bhutan
A time signature is a set of two numbers, one on top of the other one, written right after the key signature in a piece of music. The two numbers in a time signature tell you how many of one kind of note there are in each measure in the song. For example,  means that there are four beats in each measure and the quarter note gets one beat.

Finding out what certain time signatures mean 
The number in the top of the time signature tells a player how many of a certain kind of note there are in each measure. The number in the bottom of the time signature tells what kind of note is used a certain number of times in each measure. The number on the bottom of the time signature can be any power of 2 that is greater than or equal to 2. So, 64 could be a number that is put in the bottom of the time signature, but 65 could not be one.
This table shows different numbers that could be the bottom of a time signature, and what they mean. Note that each note down lasts for one-half of the amount the note above it lasted. For example, one quarter note lasts one beat, and one-half note lasts one half of a beat, because one divided by two is one-half.

Time signatures that are used very often

Symbols that are used instead of time signatures 
The letter C has been used instead of using  time.
The symbol "" is called "cut time" (alla breve) and has been used instead of using  time, where every note is cut in half. So, in "cut time", a quarter note, which usually gets one beat, gets one-half of a beat.

Related pages
Key signature
Note (music)
Bar (music)

References 

Musical notation
Music theory
RSS is a family of Web feed formats used to publish often updated content such as blog entries, news headlines or podcasts. An RSS document, which is called a "feed," "web feed," or "channel," contains either a summary of content from an associated website or the full text. RSS allows people to keep up with their favorite websites without manually checking them. This flow of content between websites and users is called "web syndication".

RSS content can be read using software called an "RSS reader," "feed reader", or an "aggregator." The user subscribes to a feed by entering the feed's link into the reader or clicking an RSS icon in a browser that begins the subscription process for the online. The reader often checks the user's subscribed feeds for new content, downloading any updates it finds. This content is stored in a standard XML file that many different computers and programs can understand. This file tells the programs how to show the content to the user.
The letters "RSS" are used to refer to any of these formats:

 Really Simple Syndication (RSS 2.0)
 RDF Site Summary (RSS 1.0 and RSS 0.90)
 Rich Site Summary (RSS 0.91)

RSS is also used on exchanges. An example of using RSS is Carbon Place, which uses it to show orders to the public.

History

There were other similar formats before RSS that were not as popular. The first one was the Meta Content Framework made in 1995 by Ramanathan V. Guha and others at Apple Computers.

The first version of RSS was called RDF Site Summary. It was made by Dan Libby and Ramanathan V. Guha at Netscape and made public in March 1999. This became RSS 0.9. In July 1999, RSS 0.91 was created by Dan Libby,  which got rid of some features that weren't useful. It also added elements from Dave Winer's news syndication format. Libby renamed the format from RDF to RSS Rich Site Summary and planned how it should be made better in the future.
In 2001, the company was restructured by their owner, AOL, and no longer supported RSS. After that, the format was being developed by the RSS-DEV Working Group and Dave Winer. Winer was the first to write programs that could read and write RSS and were not made by Netscape.

RSS 1.0 was produced in December 2000 by the RSS-DEV team, which included representatives of O'Reilly Media and Moreover Technologies. This version added support for XML namespaces and RDF, which was previously removed in RSS 0.91. This version also changed the name back to "RDF Site Summary" and added new elements that help describe content, such as Dublin Core.

Also in December 2000, Dave Winer released RSS 0.92. It added the enclosure element, which could be used to include sound in RSS feeds. This feature is one of the origins of Podcasting. Winer also made drafts of RSS 0.93, which allowed many enclosure elements per an item element, along with RSS 0.94, but those versions were cancelled after being released.
In September 2002, Winter made RSS 2.0, the next major version of RSS. This version introduced the following changes:
 Renamed the format to Really Simple Syndication
 Removed the type attribute from the RSS 0.94 draft
 Added support for namespaces, like in RSS 1.0 released by RSS-DEV

To make sure that old programs which only support RSS 0.92 still work with RSS 2.0, namespace support only applies to other content within the feed, not the elements themselves. Other formats such as Atom tried to remove this limitation, however it never caught on.

Related pages
 YOV(feed)
 W3C

References

Other websites 
 RSS and YOV search engine Search for feeds. Submit your own feeds for free.

Computer file formats
Internet
Bulgaria and Romania make up the second part of the EU's fifth enlargement, and joined the EU on 1 January 2007. This date was agreed upon at the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003, confirmed at Brussels on 18 June 2004, and affirmed by the country reports of October 2004 and the final report delivered on 26 September 2006. Bulgaria and Romania signed their Treaty of Accession on 25 April 2005 at a ceremony held at Neumünster Abbey in Luxembourg.

The United Kingdom was a former EU member state.  It joined the European Economic Community on 1 January 1973.  On 23 June 2016, 51.9% of voters chose to leave the EU.  The country formally withdrew from the EU on 31 January 2020.  This means that there is 27 members of the European Union.

List of members

Current members

Former members

References 

European Union
 
Europe-related lists
Porter can mean:

 The family name Porter.
 The given name Porter.
 Many places are named for people named Porter
 A porter, person who carries objects
 A person who works on a railroad and helps passengers
 A kind of beer

Basic English 850 words
A quetzal is a brightly colored bird in the trogon family. They are found in forests and woodlands, especially in humid highlands.

These birds live in the Americas. The word "quetzal" was first used for the resplendent quetzal, a famous long-tailed quetzal that lives in Central America. The resplendent quetzal is the national symbol of Guatemala.

They are strongly sexually dimorphic, as usual with the males being brighter. Parts of the female plumageis brown or grey. These largely solitary birds feed on fruits, berries, insects and small vertebrates (such as frogs). Even with their famous bright plumage, they can be hard to see in their natural wooded habitats.

In Aztec times, the quetzal was worshiped as the god of the air. Its long tail feathers, which can grow up to 2 ft (60 cm) long, were highly prized for making into costume and head-dresses.

Species 
Resplendent Quetzal

Pavonine Quetzal

Crested Quetzal

Eared Quetzal

White-Tipped Quetzal

Golden Headed Quetzal

References
References 

Trogoniformes
National symbols of Guatemala
The Powerpuff Girls (also abbreviated as PPG) is an American comedy-action satirical adventure superhero children's animated television series. It aired on Cartoon Network from 1998 to 2005. 

It is about three superheroes named Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup live in Townsville, USA. They are kindergarteners and have superpowers, who use their powers for good by saving the world from villains. 

The show is based on a short made by the series creator from 1992 originally called Whoopass Stew. The original show was created by Craig McCracken, and the 2016 revival series was developed by Nick Jennings and Bob Boyle. It was created and produced by Hanna-Barbera and Cartoon Network Studios, who also developed a theatrical film adaption in 2002 titled The Powerpuff Girls Movie by Warner Bros Animation.

Story
Story 

A lonely scientist named Professor Utonium one day decided to create a "perfect daughter" using sugar, spice and everything nice. However, a special potion named Chemical X was accidentally added to the pot, creating the three Powerpuff Girls, who had superpowers and have dedicated their lives to fighting crime and evil in Townsville.

Characters 

Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup are 3 kindergarten superheroes who live with their father, Professor Utonium, in the City of Townsville. It is their job to use their powers to reduce crime and defend the town from evil villains who want to take it over while also partaking in normal activities like chores and going to school.
The Powerpuff Girls
Blossom - the pink Powerpuff girl and the leader with a pink dress with a black belt, long white tights and black shoes.
Bubbles - the blue Powerpuff girl and the cutest with a blue dress with a black belt in the middle, long white tights and black shoes.
Buttercup - the green Powerpuff girl and the strongest with a green dress with a black belt down the middle, long white tights and black Mary Jane shoes.
Villains
Mojo Jojo - a monkey with a high white helmet with purple stripes that protects his brain which has overgrown during the explosion of the X during the birth of the Powerpuff Girls on the outside of his skull, a white and blue headpiece, a white, blue and purple outfit and white gloves.
HIM - a demon so evil that people do not say his true name. He is the most powerful villain in the show and is often said to be the most frightening
Fuzzy Lumpkins - a strange beast with pink fur who wishes to be left alone.
Princess Morbucks - a rich girl who wants to become a Powerpuff Girl, but became a villain after being rejected.
Gangreen Gang - a group of green-skinned teenagers
Amoeba Boys - three single-cell gangsters
Sedusa - a woman with a red suit and boots and black fishnet stockings

Others 

 Professor Utonium - the father of the Powerpuff Girls
 The Mayor - the mayor of Townsville who calls the Girls whenever there is trouble.
 Ms Bellum - the mayor's secretary.
 Ms Keane - a school teacher
Original Voice Cast
Cathy Cavadini - Blossom (US)
Maria Darling - Blossom (UK)
Tara Strong - Bubbles (US)
Emma Tate - Bubbles (UK)
E. G. Daily - Buttercup (US)
Jo Wyatt - Buttercup (UK)
Tom Kane - Professor Utonium (US/UK)
Tom Kenny - The Mayor of Townsville and The Narrator (US)
Simon Greenall - The Narrator (UK)
Rob Rackstraw - The Mayor of Townsville (UK)
Jennifer Hale - Miss Keane (US), Sedusa, Princess Morbucks (US/UK)
Jennifer Martin - Miss Sarah Bellum (US/UK)
Teresa Gallagher - Miss Keane (UK)

Other media

Movie 

The Powerpuff Girls Movie is an animated film which serves as a prequel to the series. It tells the full story of how the girls were created, revealing that Mojo Jojo (the series' main villain) was partly responsible. The main cast of the series returns. It was released in 2002.

Video games 
Two video games were made featuring the main cast. They were:

 The Powerpuff Girls: Chemical X-Traction (2001)
 The Powerpuff Girls: Relish Rampage (2002)
Television special 
In 2009, a ten-year anniversary special was released titled The Powerpuff Girls Rule. The story centres around the Key to the World being brought to Townsville. The Girls and every villain who appeared in the series search for the Key. Eventually, Mojo Jojo finds it and reveals that he will use it to create world peace.

 Anime adaptation 

In 2006, the Powerpuff Girls Z was released. Many major characters returned but personalities and appearances were altered. Instead of being superheroes from birth, the girls were teenagers who were struck by "Z Rays" which turned them into superheroes.

2016 remake 

The Powerpuff Girls is a reboot of the original series. Although it follows the same backstory and has similar characters, many things are changed.

Live action sequel 
A live action sequel was in development. It was said to depict the Girls now as adults returning to their superhero duties. However, it was cancelled.
Home media
The show saw several VHS and DVD releases while it was on the air, and the entire series was released on DVD in 2009 to celebrate the show's 10th anniversary.

Similar television series 
 Dexter's Laboratory, which shared similar production staff and voice actors as Powerpuff Girls also features a child with uncanny abilities fighting against his neighbor named Mandark.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

American children's television series
2000s American animated television series
Cartoon Network series
1998 American television series debuts
1990s American comedy television series
2000s American comedy television series
American science fiction television series
Animated adventure television series
2000s American sitcoms
 
P
American satirical television series
Action television series
American television series revived after cancellation
Television series about sisters
Comedy science fiction
English-language television programs
The Teutonic Knights are a Roman Catholic military order. It was formed at the end of the 12th century in Acre, Palestine, during the Crusades. The Teutonic Knights are now a clerical order based in Vienna, Austria.

In 1226 Konrad of Masovia brought the Teutonic Knights to fight against Baltic pagan Prussian tribes. They won quickly and, their new country being Prussia, were called Prussians. The knights started to be a danger for the then weak Poland. Finally, the power of the Teutonic Order was crushed in Battle of Tannenberg in 1410.

References 

Roman Catholicism
History of Europe
Middle Ages
Orders, decorations, and medals
12th-century establishments in Europe
Renju (Japanese and ) is a version of the board game Gomoku. The game comes from Japan. It is played in many other countries including China, Korea, Russia, Estonia and Sweden. It is played with black and white stones on a Go board.

Other websites 
 Renju International Federation has complete rules and history of the game
 Nihon Renju Sha Japanese Renju Federation 
 Korean Omok Association (omok is the Korean name of the game)
 China Renju federation (RIF China)

Board games
Japanese culture
Nainital is a town in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and headquarters of Nainital district in the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas.

Naini Lake has too low a level of oxygen in the bottom layer to sustain fish. This is mostly due to pollution, which includes illegal dumping of garbage.

Other websites 

 Trade Guide for Nainital District 

Towns in India
Settlements in Uttarakhand
24 is an Emmy and Golden Globe winning American television series broadcast by Fox Network in the US and shown worldwide. The show first came on TV on November 6, 2001, airing eight seasons of 24 episodes each until May 24, 2010. The show returned on May 5, 2014 for a 12 episode miniseries called Live Another Day that aired until July 14, 2014. The first six seasons were all focused the fictional Los Angeles branch of the Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU). The seventh season focused on the Washington, D.C. branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The eighth season focused on the fictional New York City branch of CTU. Live Another Day focused on the London station of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
24 is shown in real time, with each season depicting a 24-hour period in the life of Jack Bauer (Kiefer Sutherland), who works with the government as it fights threats to the country. Live Another Day, however, mainly depicted a 12-hour period over its 12 episodes, but ended the final episode with a 12-hour time jump to finish the 24 hour cycle. Bauer is often in the field for each season's main government agency as they try to protect America from terrorists. The show also follows the actions of other agents, government officials and terrorists associated with the plot. The first six seasons of the show were all based in Los Angeles and nearby locations  — both real and fictional  — in California, although sometimes other locations have been used as well. Some of the fourth and sixth seasons, and all of the seventh season, were in Washington, D.C.. The eighth and final season of the original series was in New York City. Live Another Day was set in London. Legacy was set in Atlanta.
Season 1 
Jack Bauer is trying to stop terrorists, who plan to assassinate Presidential Candidate David Palmer. They abduct Kim Bauer and Teri Bauer in order to use Jack to their advantage. With Jack's wife and daughter, the terrorists have power over Jack and try to force him to kill Palmer. At one point, Jack has to choose between the lives of his family and that of the presidential candidate. After Kim and Teri are rescued and the terrorists stopped, a second group of terrorists try to target David Palmer and Jack Bauer. The second terrorists were behind the first. They are seeking revenge for a raid that connects Palmer and Bauer. The goal of the raid was to kill Victor Drazen. Palmer's death is faked to trick the terrorists. Viewers learn that Victor Drazen is still alive and that Nina Myers has been working with the terrorists. Senator Palmer realizes he cannot stay married to Sherry and they separate.
Season 2 
Jack and CTU try to stop a nuclear bomb from being blown up in Los Angelos. Terrorists blow up CTU to draw away their attention. George Mason ends up letting the bomb explode over the Mojave Desert and away from the city. Afterwards Jack follows leads that indicate that a recording implicating three Middle Eastern countries is false. President David Palmer decides to not attack these Middle Eastern Countries. His cabinet removes him from office under the Twenty-fifth Amendment and the Vice President becomes President. Eventually Jack finds the evidence and Palmer becomes President again.
Jack Bauer and President Palmer try to stop a biological weapon attack . At first, it seems that Samon Salaraz must be released to stop the virus. However, Jack, who works secretly with other agents, breaks him out to set up an auction for the actual virus. Jack first works with Hector and Samon Salaraz and later with Nina Meyers to buy the virus. The seller, Michael Amador tricks the buyers, as they get a fake virus with a bomb. After some of the virus is released in a hotel, agents learn that Stephen Saunders is behind the virus. Saunders makes demands using the remaining vials to control the situation until he is captured, but not before Jack has to kill Ryan Chapelle. In a major side plot, Alan Milikan, a significant backer of Palmer, knows about an affair between his daughter Julia Miliken and Palmer. President Palmer asks Sherry to deal with him. She ends up killing Alan, and in revenge, Julia kills Sherry
. Using his knowledge of these events, Senator John Keeler blackmails President Palmer not to run again for president.
The season starts with a train bombing used to get an override device to control nuclear power plants. Terrorists kidnap secretary of defense James  Heller and his daughter Audrey Raines. The terrorists stage Heller's execution on the internet. They do this to get past internet firewalls to use the override device. Bauer stops the execution, but terrorists gain control of power plants. Eventually, CTU gets control of most plants. CTU learns that the terrorist behind the events is Habib Marwan, who worked for McLennan-Forrester. The company sets off an EMP bomb to destroy evidence of the terrorist. Later, terrorists get a stealth fighter and shoot down Air Force One. President Keeler cannot serve, and Vice-President Logan becomes president. Marwan's terror cells steal the nuclear football from the crash site. Jack finds evidence leading him to the Chinese Consulate. There, the Chinese consul is killed in a gunfight, and Jack kidnaps a Chinese man
. CTU eventually stops the missile, but Jack and his friends must fake his death. In the end, Jack is a fugitive from the US and Chinese governments.
Assasins frame Jack Bauer for the murder of President Palmer. They try to kill those who helped Jack fake his death. Jack follows leads and ends up at Ontario airport. American President Logan and Russian President Suvarov are signing an anti-terrorist agreement. Terrorists take control of the same airport where Jack is and hold hostages. They threaten to kill the hostages if the treaty is signed. Jack helps officials to stop the terrorists. The terrorists, however, used the hostages as a distraction to get nerve gas. Jack learns that the White House Chief of Staff was involved. Nerve gas is used in a mall and unsuccessfully at a hospital. The terrorists release nerve gas in the CTU building, killing several workers. The last canister is used in a submarine, but also without success. The rest of the gas gets destroyed, but Jack learns President Logan was behind the attacks. The rest of the story involves Jack trying to get a recording to implicate Logan
. With the first lady's help, Jack uses a listening piece to record the president confessing his crimes. Logan must relieve his presidency. In the very end, the Chinese kidnap Bauer.
Cast 
 Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer
 Mary Lynn Rajskub as Chloe O'Brian
 Carlos Bernard as Tony Almeida
 Dennis Haysbert as David Palmer
 Elisha Cuthbert as Kim Bauer
 Kim Raver as Audrey Raines
 James Morrison as Bill Buchanan
 Reiko Aylesworth as Michelle Dessler
 D.B. Woodside as Wayne Palmer
 Penny Johnson Jerald as Sherry Palmer
 Roger Cross as Curtis Manning
 Gregory Itzin as Charles Logan

References

Other websites 
 Official 24 website 

2001 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime television series
American drama television series
Emmy Award winning programs
Fox television series
Golden Globe Award winning programs
Spy television series
Television series set in Los Angeles
Television series set in New York City
Television series set in Washington, D.C.
English-language television programs
This is a list of winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Musical, first awarded in 1949.

Awards and nominations

1949 Kiss Me, Kate - Music and lyrics by Cole Porter, book by Samuel and Bella Spewack.

1950 South Pacific - Music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, book by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan.

1951 Guys and Dolls - Music and lyrics by Frank Loesser, book by Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows.

1952 The King and I - Book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, music by Richard Rodgers.

1953 Wonderful Town - Book by Joseph Fields and Jerome Chodorov, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green.

1954 Kismet - Book by Charles Lederer and Luther Davis, music by Alexander Borodin, adapted and with lyrics by Robert Wright and George Forrest.
1955 The Pajama Game - Book by George Abbott and Richard Bissell, music and lyrics by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross.
Fanny
Peter Pan. Book by Jerome Robbins, music by Moose Charlap and Jule Styne and lyrics by Carolyn Leigh, Betty Comden and Adolph Green
Plain and Fancy. Book by Joseph Stein and Will Glickman, music by Albert Hague, and lyrics by Arnold Horwitt.
Silk Stockings. Book, music abd lyrics by Cole Porter

1956 Damn Yankees -  Book by George Abbott and Douglass Wallop, music by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross.
Pipe Dream. Book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, music by Richard Rodgers.

1957 My Fair Lady - Book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, music by Frederick Loewe.
Bells Are Ringing. Book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, music by Jule Styne.
Candide. Book by Lillian Hellman, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Richard Wilbur.
The Most Happy Fella. Book, music, and lyrics by Frank Loesser.
1958 The Music Man - Book by Meredith Willson and Franklin Lacey, music and lyrics by Meredith Willson.
West Side Story. Book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
New Girl In Town. Book by George Abbott, music and lyrics by Bob Merrill.
Oh, Captain!. Book by Al Morgan and José Ferrer, music and lyrics by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans.
Jamaica. Book by E. Y. Harburg and Fred Saidy, music by Harold Arlen, lyrics by E. Y. Harburg.

1959 Redhead -  Book by Herbert and Dorothy Fields, Sidney Sheldon and David Shaw, music by Albert Hague, lyrics by Dorothy Fields.
Flower Drum Song. Book by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joseph Fields, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, music by Richard Rodgers.
La Plume de Ma Tante. Written, devised, and directed by Robert Dhery, music by Gérard Calvi, English lyrics by Ross Parker.
1960 (tie) - The Sound of Music - Book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. Lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, music by Richard Rodgers.
AND Fiorello!.  Book by Jerome Weidman and George Abbott. Lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, music by Jerry Bock. (This is the only tie for Best Musical in the history of the Tony Awards.)
Gypsy.  Book by Arthur Laurents. Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, music by Jule Styne.
Once Upon a Mattress. Book by Jay Thompson, Marshall Barer, and Dean Fuller. Lyrics by Marshall Barer, music by Mary Rodgers.
Take Me Along. Book by Joseph Stein and Robert Russell, lyrics and music by Bob Merrill.
1961 Bye Bye Birdie - Book by Michael Stewart, music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Lee Adams.
Do Re Mi. Book by Garson Kanin, music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green.
Irma La Douce. Book and lyrics by Alexandre Breffort, music by Marguerite Monnot. English book and lyrics by Julian More, David Heneker and Monty Norman.
1962 How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying - Book by Abe Burrows, Jack Weinstock and Willie Gilbert, music and lyrics by Frank Loesser.
Carnival!. Book by Michael Stewart and Helen Deutsch, music and lyrics by Bob Merrill.
Milk and Honey. Book by Don Appell, lyrics and music by Jerry Herman.
No Strings. Book by Samuel A. Taylor, music and lyrics by Richard Rodgers.

1963 A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum - Book by Burt Shevelove and Larry Gelbart, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
Little Me. Book by Neil Simon, music by Cy Coleman, lyrics by Carolyn Leigh.
Oliver!.  Book, music, and lyrics by Lionel Bart.
Stop the World - I Want to Get Off. Book, music, and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley.
1964 Hello, Dolly! - Book by Michael Stewart, music and lyrics by Jerry Herman.
Funny Girl. Book by Isobel Lennart, music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Bob Merrill.
High Spirits. Book, lyrics, and music by Hugh Martin and Timothy Gray.
She Loves Me. Book by Joe Masteroff, music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick.

1965 Fiddler on the Roof - Book by Joseph Stein, music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick.
Golden Boy. Book by Clifford Odets and William Gibson, music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Lee Adams.
Half a Sixpence. Book by Beverly Cross, music and lyrics by David Heneker.
Oh! What a Lovely War. Devised by Joan Littlewood for Theatre Workshop, Charles Chilton and Members of the Cast.
1966 Man of La Mancha - Book by Dale Wasserman, music by Mitch Leigh, lyrics by Joe Darion.
Mame. Book by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, music and lyrics by Jerry Herman.
Skyscraper. Book by Peter Stone, music by Jimmy Van Heusen, lyrics by Sammy Cahn.
Sweet Charity. Book by Neil Simon, music by Cy Coleman, lyrics by Dorothy Fields.

1967 Cabaret - Book by Joe Masteroff, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb.
I Do! I Do!. Book and lyrics by Tom Jones, music by Harvey Schmidt.
The Apple Tree. Book by Sheldon Harnick and Jerry Bock, music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick.
Walking Happy. Book by Roger O. Hirson and Ketti Frings, music by Jimmy Van Heusen, lyrics by Sammy Cahn.
1968 Hallelujah, Baby!  Book by Arthur Laurents, music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green.
The Happy Time. Book by N. Richard Nash, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb.
How Now, Dow Jones. Book by Max Shulman, music by Elmer Bernstein, lyrics by Carolyn Leigh.
Illya, Darling. Book by Jules Dassin, music by Manos Hadjidakis, lyrics by Joe Darion.

1969 1776 - Book by Peter Stone, music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards.
Hair. Book by Gerome Ragni and James Rado, music by Galt MacDermot, lyrics by James Rado.
Promises, Promises. Book by Neil Simon, music by Burt Bacharach, lyrics by Hal David.
Zorba. Book by Joseph Stein, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb.

1970 Applause - Book by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Lee Adams.
Coco. Book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, music by Andre Previn.
Purlie. Book by Ossie Davis, Philip Rose, and Peter Udell, music by Gary Geld, lyrics by Peter Udell.
1971 Company. - Book by George Furth, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim
The Me Nobody Knows. - Book by Robert H. Livingston, Herb Schapiro, Stephen M. Joseph, music by Gary William Freedman, lyrics by Will Holt.
The Rothschilds. - Book by Sherman Yellen, music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick.

1972 Two Gentlemen of Verona. - Based on the play by William Shakespeare.  Music by Galt MacDermot, lyrics by John Guare.
Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death. - Book, music, and lyrics by Melvin Van Peebles.
Follies. - Book by James Goldman, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
Grease.

1973 A Little Night Music. - Book by Hugh Wheeler, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope. - Book, music, and lyrics by Micki Grant
Pippin. - Book by Roger O. Hirson and Bob Fosse, music and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz.
Sugar. - Book by Peter Stone, music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Bob Merrill
1974 Raisin. - Book by Robert Nemiroff and Charlotte Zaltzberg, music by Judd Woldin, lyrics by Robert Brittan.
Over Here!. - Book by Will Holt, music and lyrics by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman.
Seesaw - Book by Michael Bennett, music by Cy Coleman, lyrics by Dorothy Fields.

1975 The Wiz. - Book by William F. Brown, music and lyrics by Charlie Smalls.
Mack and Mabel. - Book by Michael Stewart, music and lyrics by Jerry Herman.
The Lieutenant. - Book, music, and lyrics by Gene Curty, Nitra Scharfman, and Chuck Strand.
Shenandoah. - Book by James Lee Barrett, Peter Udell, and Philip Rose, music by Gary Geld, lyrics by Peter Udell.

1976 A Chorus Line. - Book by James Kirkwood, music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Edward Kleban.
Bubbling Brown Sugar. - Book by Loften Mitchell.
Chicago. - Book by Fred Ebb and Bob Fosse, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb.
Pacific Overtures. - Book by John Weidman, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
1977 Annie. - Book by Thomas Meehan, music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin
Happy End. - Music by Kurt Weill, lyrics by Bertolt Brecht.
I Love My Wife. - Book and lyrics by Michael Stewart, music by Cy Coleman.
Side by Side by Sondheim. - Music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.

1978 Ain't Misbehavin'. - Music by Thomas "Fats" Waller.
Dancin'. - No credited authors; directed and choreographed by Bob Fosse.
On the Twentieth Century. - Book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, music by Cy Coleman.
Runaways. - Book, music, and lyrics by Elizabeth Swados.

1979 Sweeney Todd. - Book by Hugh Wheeler, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
Ballroom. - Book by Jerome Kass, music by Billy Goldenberg, lyrics by Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman.
The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. - Book by Larry L. King and Peter Masterson, music and lyrics by Carol Hall.
They're Playing Our Song. - Book by Neil Simon, music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager.
1980 Evita. - Book and lyrics by Tim Rice, music by Andrew Lloyd Webber.
A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine - Book and lyrics by Dick Vosburgh, music by Frank Lazarus.
Barnum. - Book by Mark Bramble, music by Cy Coleman, lyrics by Michael Stewart.
Sugar Babies. - Written by Ralph G. Allen, music by Jimmy McHugh, lyrics by Dorothy Fields and Al Dubin.

1981 42nd Street. - Book by Michael Stewart and Mark Bramble, music by Harry Warren, lyrics by Al Dubin.
Sophisticated Ladies. - Music by Duke Ellington
Tintypes. - Book by Mel Marvin and Gary Pearle.
Woman of the Year. - Book by Peter Stone, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb.
1982 Nine. - Book by Arthur Kopit, music and lyrics by Maury Yeston.
Dreamgirls. - Book and lyrics by Tom Eyen, music by Henry Krieger.
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. - Book and lyrics by Tim Rice, music by Andrew Lloyd Webber.
Pump Boys and Dinettes. - Book, music, and lyrics by Pump Boys and Dinettes (theatre organization featuring John Foley, Mark Hardwick, Debra Monk, Cass Morgan, John Schimmel, and Jim Wann).
 
1983 Cats. - Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics from the poems of T. S. Eliot with additional lyrics by Trevor Nunn.
Blues in the Night. - No credited authors, conceived and directed by Sheldon Epps.
Merlin. - Book by Richard Levinson and William Link, music by Elmer Bernstein, lyrics by Don Black.
My One and Only. - Book by Peter Stone and Timothy S. Mayer, music by George Gershwin, lyrics by Ira Gershwin.
1984 La Cage aux Folles. - Book by Harvey Fierstein, music and lyrics by Jerry Herman.
Baby. - Book by Sybille Pearson, music by David Shire, lyrics by Richard Maltby, Jr.
Sunday in the Park with George. -  Book by James Lapine, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
The Tap Dance Kid. - Book by Charles Blackwell, music by Henry Krieger, lyrics by Robert Lorick.

1985 Big River. - Book by William Hauptman, music and lyrics by Roger Miller.
Grind. - Book by Fay Kanin, music by Larry Grossman, lyrics by Ellen Fitzhugh.
Leader of the Pack . - Book by Anne Beatts
Quilters.. - Book by Molly Newman and Barbara Damashek, music and lyrics by Barbara Damashek.

1986 The Mystery of Edwin Drood. - Book, music, and lyrics by Rupert Holmes.
Big Deal. - Book by Bob Fosse.
Song and Dance. - Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Don Black.
Tango Argentino. - No credited authors, conceived and directed by Claudio Segovia and Héctor Orezzoli
1987 Les Misérables. - Book by Claude-Michel Schönberg and Alain Boublil, music by Claude-Michel Schönberg, lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer.
Me and My Girl. - Book and lyrics by L. Arthur Rose and Douglas Furber, music by Noel Gay.
Rags. - Book by Joseph Stein, music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Stephen Schwartz.
Starlight Express. - Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Richard Stilgoe.

1988 The Phantom of the Opera. - Book by Richard Stilgoe and Andrew Lloyd Webber, music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Charles Hart.
Into the Woods. - Book by James Lapine, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
Romance/Romance. - Book and lyrics by Barry Harman, music by Keith Herrmann.
Sarafina!. - Book, music, and lyrics by Mbongeni Ngema.

1989 Jerome Robbins' Broadway. - No credited authors, directed by Jerome Robbins.
Black and Blue. - No credited authors, conceived and directed by Claudio Segovia and Héctor Orezzoli
Starmites. -  Book by Stuart Ross and Barry Keating, music and lyrics by Barry Keating.
1990 City of Angels - Book by Larry Gelbart, lyrics by David Zippel, music by Cy Coleman
Aspects of Love - Book by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Don Black and Charles Hart, music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Grand Hotel - Book by Luther Davis, music & lyrics by George Forrest and Robert Wright
Meet Me in St. Louis - Book by Hugh Wheeler, music & lyrics by Ralph Blane and Hugh Martin

1991 The Will Rogers Follies - Book by Peter Stone, lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, music by Cy Coleman
Miss Saigon - Book by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg, lyrics by Alain Boublil and Richard Maltby, Jr., music by Claude-Michel Schönberg
Once on This Island - Book & lyrics by Lynn Ahrens, music by Stephen Flaherty
The Secret Garden - Book & lyrics by Marsha Norman, music by Lucy Simon
1992 Crazy for You - Book by Ken Ludwig, lyrics by Ira Gershwin, music by George Gershwin
Falsettos - Book by William Finn and James Lapine, music & lyrics by William Finn
Five Guys Named Moe - Conceived by Clarke Peters, music & lyrics by various composers
Jelly's Last Jam - Book by George C. Wolfe, lyrics by Susan Birkenhead, music by Jelly Roll Morton

1993 Kiss of the Spider Woman - Book by Terrence McNally, lyrics by Fred Ebb, music by John Kander
Blood Brothers - Book, music, & lyrics by Willy Russell
The Goodbye Girl - Book by Neil Simon, lyrics by David Zippel, music by Marvin Hamlisch
The Who's Tommy - Book by Pete Townshend and Des McAnuff, music & lyrics by Pete Townshend
1994 Passion - Book by James Lapine, music & lyrics by Stephen Sondheim
A Grand Night for Singing - Music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II
Beauty and the Beast - Book by Linda Woolverton, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, music by Alan Menken
Cyrano: The Musical - Book & lyrics by Koen van Dijk, music by Ad van Dijk

1995 Sunset Boulevard - Book by Christopher Hampton and Don Black, lyrics by Don Black, music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Smokey Joe's Cafe - Music & lyrics by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller

1996 Rent - Book, music, and lyrics by Jonathan Larson
Bring in 'da Noise/Bring in 'da Funk - Book by Reg E. Gaines; lyrics by Reg E. Gaines, George C. Wolfe, and Ann Duquesnay; music by Daryl Waters, Zane Mark, and Ann Duquesnay
Chronicle of a Death Foretold - Book adapted by Graciela Daniele and Jim Lewis, based on the novel by Gabriel García Márquez; music by Bob Telson
Swinging on a Star - Book by Michael Leeds, lyrics by Johnny Burke, music by various composers
1997 Titanic - Book by Peter Stone, music & lyrics by Maury Yeston
Juan Darien - Book by Elliot Goldenthal and Julie Taymor, lyrics by Elliot Goldenthal, music by Elliot Goldenthal
Steel Pier - Book by David Thompson, lyrics by Fred Ebb, music by John Kander
The Life - Book by Cy Coleman, David Newman, and Ira Gasman; lyrics by Ira Gasman; music by Cy Coleman

1998 The Lion King - Book by Roger Allers and Irene Mecchi; lyrics by Tim Rice; music by Elton John; additional music & lyrics by Lebo M, Mark Mancina, Jay Rifkin, Julie Taymor, and Hans Zimmer
Side Show - Book & lyrics by Bill Russell, music by Henry Kreiger
The Scarlet Pimpernel - Book & lyrics by Nan Knighton, music by Frank Wildhorn
Ragtime - Book by Terrence McNally, lyrics by Lynn Ahrens, music by Stephen Flaherty
1999 Fosse - Conceived by Richard Maltby, Jr., Chet Walker and Ann Reinking, music & lyrics by various composers
The Civil War - Book by Gregory Boyd and Frank Wildhorn, lyrics by Jack Murphy, music by Frank Wildhorn
It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues - Book by Charles Bevel, Lita Gaithers, Randal Myler, Ron Taylor, and Dan Wheetman; music & lyrics by various composers
Parade - Book by Alfred Uhry, music & lyrics by Jason Robert Brown
2000 Contact - Conceived by Susan Stroman and John Weidman, book by John Weidman, music & lyrics by various composers
James Joyce's The Dead - Book by Richard Nelson, music by Shaun Davey, lyrics by Richard Nelson and Shaun Davey
Swing! - Conceived by Paul Kelley, music & lyrics by various composers
The Wild Party - Book by Michael John LaChiusa and George C. Wolfe, music & lyrics by Michael John LaChiusa
2001 The Producers - Book by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan, music & lyrics by Mel Brooks
A Class Act - Book by Linda Kline and Lonny Price, music & lyrics by Edward Kleban
The Full Monty - Book by Terrence McNally, music & lyrics by David Yazbek
Jane Eyre - Book by John Caird, lyrics by John Caird and Paul Gordon, music by Paul Gordon(songwriter)

2002 Thoroughly Modern Millie - Book by Richard Morris and Dick Scanlan, new lyrics by Dick Scanlan, new music by Jeanine Tesori
Mamma Mia! - Book by Catherine Johnson, music & lyrics by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus
Sweet Smell of Success: The Musical - Book by John Guare, lyrics by Craig Carnelia, music by Marvin Hamlisch
Urinetown The Musical - Book by Greg Kotis, lyrics by Greg Kotis and Mark Hollman, music by Mark Hollman
2003 Hairspray - Book by Thomas Meehan, music by Marc Shaiman, lyrics by Scott Wittman and Marc Shaiman
Amour - Book & original French lyrics by Didier Van Cauwelaert, book adaptation and English lyrics by Jeremy Sams; music by Michel Legrand
A Year with Frog and Toad - Book & lyrics by Willie Reale, music by Robert Reale
Movin' Out - Conceived by Twyla Tharp, music & lyrics by Billy Joel

2004 Avenue Q - Book by Jeff Whitty, music & lyrics by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx
The Boy from Oz - Book by Martin Sherman (original book by Nick Enright), music & lyrics by Peter Allen
Caroline, or Change - Book & lyrics by Tony Kushner, music by Jeanine Tesori
Wicked - Book by Winnie Holzman, music & lyrics by Stephen Schwartz
2005 Monty Python's Spamalot - Book by Eric Idle, music by John Du Prez and Eric Idle, lyrics by Eric Idle' based on the film Monty Python and the Holy Grail
The Light in the Piazza - Book by Craig Lucas, music & lyrics by Adam Guettel
Dirty Rotten Scoundrels - Book by Jeffrey Lane, music & lyrics by David Yazbek
The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee - Book by Rachel Sheinkin, music & lyrics by William Finn

2006 Jersey Boys - Book by Marshall Brickman and Rick Ellice, music and lyrics by Bob Gaudio and Bob Crewe
The Color Purple - Book by Marsha Norman, music & lyrics by Brenda Russell, Allee Willis, and Stephen Bray
The Drowsy Chaperone - Book by Bob Martin and Don McKellar, music & lyrics by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison
The Wedding Singer - Book by Tim Herlihy and Chad Beguelin, music by Matthew Sklar, lyrics by Chad Beguelin
2007 Spring Awakening - Book by Steven Sater, music by Duncan Sheik, lyrics by Steven Sater
Curtains - Book by Rupert Holmes, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb
Grey Gardens - Book by Doug Wright, music by Scott Frankel, lyrics by Michael Korie
Mary Poppins - Book by Julian Fellowes, music and lyrics by Robert B. Sherman, Richard M. Sherman, George Stiles, and Anthony Drewe
2017 Dear Evan Hansen - Music and lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, book by Steven Levenson

Musical
1948 Mister Roberts  
1949 Death of a Salesman  
1950 The Cocktail Party  
1951 The Rose Tattoo  
1952 The Fourposter 
1953 The Crucible 
1954 The Teahouse of the August Moon  
1955 The Desperate Hours  
1956 The Diary of Anne Frank 
1957 Long Day's Journey Into Night 
1958 Sunrise at Campobello  
1959 J.B. 
1960 The Miracle Worker 
1961 Becket 
1962 A Man for All Seasons 
1963 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 
1964 Luther 
1965 The Subject Was Roses 
1966 Marat/Sade 
1967 The Homecoming 
1968 Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead 
1969 The Great White Hope 
1970 Borstal Boy 
1971 Sleuth 
1972 Sticks and Bones 
1973 That Championship Season 
1974 The River Niger 
1975 Equus 
1976 Travesties 
1977 The Shadow Box 
1978 Da 
1979 The Elephant Man 
1980 Children of a Lesser God 
1981 Amadeus 
1982 The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby 
1983 Torch Song Trilogy 
1984 The Real Thing 
1985 Biloxi Blues 
1986 I'm Not Rappaport 
1987 Fences (play) 
1988 M. Butterfly 
1989 The Heidi Chronicles