Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sha (Ш, ш) is the twenty-third letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ʃ]. Its lowercase italic form is ш.

It comes from the Hebrew letter shin. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as sh in English, sch in German, ch in French, ş in Turkish, sz in Polish and š in most Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Slovene, Croatian) using that alphabet.

Related pages
Shin (letter)
Щ, щ - Shcha (Cyrillic)
Mikroglottika - An International Journal of Minority Languages Philologies, is a language scientific magazine about minority languages. The word Mikroglottika means minority language studies.

It encourages studies about minority languages philology, as phonology, syntax, lexicon and related topics.

It is edited by Peter Lang in Germany. Teachers from Universities of several European countries also contribute.
Its Yearbook 2008 has content about these languages:

 Basque
 German
 Leonese
 Luxemburgian
 Ukrainian

References

Other websites
 Mikroglottika web site 

Linguistics journals
German language
Leonese language
An unsafe abortion is an abortion which is not done by a person which has the skills to do them (a licensed doctor), or in a place that does not meet at least basic standards of hygiene. Unsafe abortions can be very dangerous to the mother. Many women die or get a disease because they had an unsafe abortion. About 95 percent of unsafe abortions happen in developing countries.

Method
Two very common ways that unsafe abortions are done are:
Trying to break the amniotic sac inside the womb. This can be done with a sharp stick or wire (for example a clothes hanger). This method is dangerous, because it can lead to infection. It may also hurt internal organs (for example pulling out the intestines) - resulting in the death of the woman treated.
Pumping toxic mixtures, such as Chile peppers and chemicals like alum, or plant poison into the body of the woman. This method can cause the woman to go in to toxic shock and die.

Back-alley abortion
A back-alley abortion (Back-Yard Abortion in Australia) is the common slang term for an illegal abortion in the English-speaking world. 

The method using the coat hanger, as described above, was known by many people. This method was not what was done normally, though.  In fact, Mary Calderone, former medical director of Planned Parenthood, said, in a 1960 printing of the American Journal of Public Health:
"Abortion is no longer a dangerous procedure. This applies not just to therapeutic abortions as performed in hospitals but also to so-called illegal abortions as done by physician. In 1957 there were only 260 deaths in the whole country attributed to abortions of any kind, second, and even more important, the conference [on abortion sponsored by Planned Parenthood] estimated that 90 percent of all illegal abortions are presently being done by physicians. Whatever trouble arises usually arises from self-induced abortions, which comprise approximately 8 percent, or with the very small percentage that go to some kind of non-medical abortionist. Abortion, whether therapeutic or illegal, is in the main no longer dangerous, because it is being done well by physicians." 

Herbal abortions (when done illegally) can also be described as back-alley abortions because they are not induced in a medical facility.

Controversy
Controversy

The argument of back-alley abortions was used to help make abortion legal in the United States. In 1973, the US Supreme Court decided that abortion should be legalized. It was treating a case called Roe v. Wade.  Since then, it has become a central argument on the part of some prominent legal abortion advocates. Gerri Santoro died of blood loss after a back-alley abortion. Her photo was used extensively to illustrate the dangers of illegal abortions.

Bernard Nathanson performed many abortions but later was against them. He has said that many of the statistics that show that many women died from back-alley abortions in the US are false. He said that he and his colleagues made many such statistics to lead people to believe that legalizing abortion was a good thing to do.

How many unsafe abortions there are by continent

Source: Unsafe Abortion: Mortality and Risk Estimates of Death data from WHO press, Geneva, 1997

10,000 women a year die from unsafe abortions in Nigeria.

References

Abortion
The Araluen Zieria (Zieria adenophora), is a small shrub found in only one place, on a slope above the Araluen Creek, near Araluen, New South Wales, Australia. In 2001 there were only 56 known plants. The plants were first collected in 1888, and they were then thought to have become extinct. The Zieria was rediscovered in the late 1980s.

What the plant looks like
It is a small shrub, which is related to the boronia plants. It is about  tall and 50 cm wide, though some plants have grown up to  tall. It has a small white or pink flower with four petals, about  long. The plant has flowers in spring, from August to October. It also has small green leaves which are trifoliate, as being in three parts like a clover leaf. The leaves have a strong smell.

Where they grow
The plants have only been found near the Araluen Creek. They are growing on a steep, rocky, hillside.
Endangered
The plant has been listed as Endangered under the Australian Government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is also listed by the New South Wales Government, Endangered (Schedule 1, Part 1) on the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. It is endangered because there are so few of the plants and they are only found in one place. A bushfire could destroy all the plants. There is also a danger from wild goats in the area. The goats do not eat the Zieria, but they could walk on the new seedlings and crush them. The goats might eat all the other plants which could lead to erosion and the soil could be washed away. Weeds growing around the plants might also stop new Zierias from growing.

Saving the plant
There is now a plan to protect the plant. These plans include:
 A fence to keep out wild goats
 Stopping any building or disturbing the site
 Studying the plant
 Trying to grow new plants in other places
 Looking for the plants in other places.
Other websites
 Photo of the Araluen Zieria from the Australian Plant Image Index

References

Rutaceae
Plants of Australia
Shrubs
Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid that is used as a drug. It can be used to cause a medical abortion in the first two months of pregnancy. It can also be used as an emergency contraceptive.  It is often known as RU-486, the name it had in early tests. It was discovered by Roussel Uclaf in France in 1980. 

When it is used for an abortion, it is usually combined with another drug. It is delivered as a pill that is taken by mouth. When it is used as a form of emergency contaception, the dose is usually lower.

Where it is legal, it is usually sold as a prescription drug. Before taking it, people often need to see a doctor, who can check that the drug is safe to take. In some cases, the drug also needs to be taken while under the supervision of a pharmacist or a doctor.

Other than to end a pregnancy, the drug is also used for peope with Cushing's syndrome. These people produce too much Cortisol, and the drug can act against that.
Side effects 
Common side effects include abdominal pain, feeling tired, and vaginal bleeding. Serious side effects may include heavy vaginal bleeding, bacterial infection, and birth defects if the pregnancy does not end. If used, appropriate follow-up care needs to be available. Mifepristone is an antiprogestogen. It works by blocking the effects of progesterone, making both the cervix and uterine vessels dilate and causing the uterus to contract.

History 
Mifepristone was developed in 1980 and came into use in France in 1987. It became available in the United States in 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Mifepristone was approved by Health Canada in 2015 and became available in Canada in January 2017. Cost and availability limits access in many parts of the developing world.

Situation in the U.S. 
Especially in the United States, there's a debate whether abortion should be legal, and available to women.
In April 2023, during the Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine v. US Food and Drug Administration lawsuit, federal district judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk issued a preliminary injunction suspending the approval of mifepristone. This ruling would come into effect a week later.  Also in April 2023, in a lawsuit brought by 17 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, federal district judge Thomas O. Rice issued a temporary injunction that the FDA should not reduce access to mifepristone in these states and the district. Because there are two different laws in two different parts of the United States, it is likely that the U.S. Supreme Court will have to decide on the matter

Abortion debate 

Many anti-abortion groups in the United States actively campaigned against the approval of mifepristone  They also say that the drug should be withdrawn. 

They cite the following issues they see:
Abortion is against their ethical values, therefore a drug that causes aborion should not be taken
 The drug is not safe to take, and there may be unwanted side effects.

In March 2022, during a debate in the Kentucky House of Representatives about anti-abortion legislation, Republican representative Danny Bentley made several false claims, including the assertion that mifepristone had originally been called Zyklon B and had been developed by the Nazis during World War Two. After several Jewish advocacy groups including the American Jewish Committee complained about Bentley's comments, he later apologized for any harm he had caused, stating that he "clearly should have been more sensitive with (his) comments", but failed to correct the false statement regarding the development of the drug.

Religious and anti-abortion groups outside the United States have also protested mifepristone, especially in Germany and Australia.

References 

Drugs
Medical abortion
Contraception
Organic compounds
Methotrexate is a drug. It is used to treat cancer and other autoimmune diseases. It can also be used to cause a medical abortion in the early stages of pregnancy.

Drugs
Cancer treatment
Medical abortion
Organonitrogen compounds
Carboxylic acids
A hysterotomy abortion is a form of surgical abortion. In a hyterotomy abortion, the womb is opened, and the fetus is removed. This is similar to a Caesarean section, but requires a smaller cut.

This method has the greatest risk of complications out of all the abortion procedures.  It is only used where other methods can or should not be done. It is used between the 12th and 24th week of pregnancy.

References

Methods of abortion
Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the aristocratic Cavendish family. This branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the richest and most influential aristocratic families in England since the 16th century, and have been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Earls of Derby and the Marquesses of Salisbury.

Further reading
 Pearson, John. The Serpent and the Stag. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1984.

References
 Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
 www.thepeerage.com

Other websites
 An Online Gotha - Devonshire 
 Chiswick's local search engine
The Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport.  The role has had a high turnover as new appointments are blamed for the failures of decades of their predecessors.  The office used to be called the Minister of Transport, and has been merged with the Department for the Environment at various times.

Members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
Duke of Gloucester () is a British royal title (after Gloucester), often conferred on one of the sons of the reigning monarch. The first four creations were in the Peerage of England, the next in the Peerage of Great Britain, and the last in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; this current creation carries with it the subsidiary titles of Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden.

Other websites
Duke of Gloucester 

Gloucester
The Edinburgh Trams project is a scheme to build a new tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland.  Local public transport had been limited to buses since the closing of the city’s previous Edinburgh Corporation Tramways system on 16 November 1956.Edinburgh Trams is a tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland, operated by Edinburgh Trams Ltd. As of 2017 it is a 14-kilometre line between York Place in New Town and Edinburgh Airport, with 16 stops. Construction began in June 2008, and after encountering delays it opened on 31 May 2014.

Related pages
Transport in Edinburgh
Edinburgh Corporation Tramways (closed in 1956)
Light Rail Transit Association
Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
List of Tramways in Scotland
Edinburgh Airport Rail Link
Other websites
Edinburgh's Official Tram Time web site
Leith Business Association  Business Owners affected by the implementation of the tramway
Auditor Generals Report on Tram Scheme
Edinburgh Tram (Line One) Bill Committee 
Edinburgh Tram (Line Two) Bill Committee 
Edinburgh Tram (Line One) Act 2006
Edinburgh Tram (Line Two) Act 2006

Light rail in the United Kingdom
Tram transport in the United Kingdom
Transport in Scotland
The BR Standard Class 8 was a class of 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive made by Robert Riddles for use by British Railways. Only an example was made. It was named Duke of Gloucester. It was made at Crewe Works in 1954. It is known as the Duke. It was a replacement for the destroyed Princess Royal Class vehicle number 46202 Princess Anne. It was involved in the Harrow and Wealdstone rail disaster of 1952.

Gallery

Sound 

 71000 passing St Andrew's Junction

References
References 

 'British Railways standard 3 cylinder 4-6-2 express passenger steam locomotive No. 71000' (HMSO, British Transport Commission: London, 1957), p. [58] (Performance and efficiency tests, Bulletin No. 15)
'British Railways standard class "8" locomotives' (Engineer: 1954, 197, 81)
 'B.R. class 8 4-6-2 locomotive No. 71000' (Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review: 1954, 60)
 'British Railways prototype class '8" express passenger locomotive' (Railway Magazine: 1954, 100)
 Clarke, David: Riddles Class 6/7 Standard Pacifics (Locomotives in Detail volume 5) (Ian Allan: Hinckley, 2006) 
 Herring, Peter: Classic British Steam Locomotives (Abbeydale Press: London, 2000) Section "BR Standard Class 8" 
 Hopkins, Danny and Streeter, Tony: 'The Duke's Bad Day' (Steam Railway Magazine: 2007, 338)
 Langston, Keith: Made in Crewe: 150 Years of Engineering Excellence (Mortons Media: Horncastle, 2006), 
 Nock, O.S.: 'Performance and efficiency tests on B.R. class 8 locomotive' (Engineer: 1957, 204)
Further reading

 Gilbert, Dr. P. T. (Ed.): A Detailed History Of BR Standard Steam Locomotives. Volume 1. Background to Standardisation and Pacific Classes (Railway Correspondence & Travel Society (RCTS): 1994)

Other websites 

 The 71000 Trust website - latest news and photos of the Duke of Gloucester 
 The Duke of Gloucester website - more detail and pictures
 Steam Special along the West Cumbria Coast 24th Feb and 10 March 2007 

Standard Class 8
Individual locomotives
British Railways steam locomotives
Street furniture is the equipment on streets and roads mostly for the safety of people and their information. The term is most used in the UK, Canada and Australia.

It includes benches, bollards, post boxes, phone boxes,  street lighting, traffic lights,  traffic signs,  bus stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public lavatories, public bookcases, fountains and memorials, and waste receptacles. 

An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety.

Related pages
 Roads
 Pedestrian crossing

 
Urban design
Jules Henri Poincaré (29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician and scientist. He was described as a "monster of mathematics " when still a child. Many people think he was the last person to understand all branches of mathematics before the subject became too big for anyone to do this.

Family
He came from a clever family, his father was a professor of medicine and his cousin, Raymond Poincaré became president of France. He was sick as a child and for many years he had to be taught at home by his mother.
Works
He used his mathematical skills to look at some of the biggest problems in science in his day. He was the first person to describe in mathematical terms how three planets in orbit affect each others paths as they pass near by one another. This was called the Three Body Problem. He also tried to understand why the speed of light seems to be the fastest speed at which anything can travel in the universe. In some ways he beat the famous scientist Albert Einstein to solving this question, but Einstein gave a more complete answer. He gained fame for the discovery of the theory of relativity instead of Poincaré.

He created the Poincaré Conjecture, one of the most famous problems in mathematics which was only solved 100 years later. He began the branches of mathematics which are known today as chaos theory and topology.

He also wrote about science in a simple way that ordinary people could understand.

1791 births
1867 deaths
French geometers
French theoretical physicists
Topologists
Deaths from embolism
Michael Barrymore (born 4 May 1952) is an English comedian and light entertainer. He presented shows including Strike it Lucky and My Kind of Music. He married Cheryl Cocklin (1950-2005) in 1976. In 1995, he announced he was gay. She divorced him in 1997.

He was in trouble after Stuart Lubbock was found dead in his swimming pool in 2001. In 2015, the police admitted that Barrymore was wrongfully arrested. In August 2017, was said to have sought £2.4million  as compensation, after the judge ruled that he was entitled to more than 'nominal damages' from Essex Police of wrongful arrest that 'destroyed his career'.

He used to have late night chats with Diana, Princess of Wales when he had trouble with alcoholism. In 2006, he was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother, in its fourth season. In 2008, he has returned to the theatre and was in a play as Spike Milligan. In 2010, he stated that he is bisexual and in a relationship with a woman.

References

Other websites
Other websites 
 

Actors from London
Bisexual people
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Comedians from London
English LGBT people
English television actors
ITV presenters
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT comedians
Television personalities from London
1952 births
Living people
The Jagdgeschwader 1 was a German flying command of the First World War. 

The first commander of this group was Manfred von Richthofen. After his death in April 1918, Wilhelm Reinhard became the second commander. The third and last commander of this group was Hermann Göring.

This flying command is also called "The Red Baron".

World War I
Tripod is a word generally used to refer to a three-legged object, usually one used as a platform of some sort, and comes from the Greek tripous, meaning "three feet". 

Tripod may also mean:
 A camera's stand
 A portable crane (machine)
 Visual Basic, whose forerunner was called tripod
Barry George (born 15 April 1960) is a British criminal who was wrongly held in prison for 8 years for the assassination of journalist Jill Dando. He later had a retrial. His murder conviction and sentence were overturned.

Barry George was born in London in 1960. He is mentally ill and has an IQ of 75. Prior to his trial, he was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and three personality disorders: antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic. When he was young he was a keen roller skater. He once leapt over a line of buses, using a ramp. He used to assume other names, calling himself Paul Gadd (Gary Glitter's real name) and Steve Majors. He also called himself Barry Bulsara and falsely claimed to be Freddie Mercury's cousin. (Mercury was born Farouq Bulsara).
In the early 1980s, he was convicted of impersonating a police officer, attempted rape and indecent assault. In 1983, he was arrested in the grounds of Kensington Palace whilst Prince Charles and Princess Diana were living there. George was carrying a knife, a rope and a poem which he wrote for Prince Charles. He also had photographs of himself in his flat with a mask and guns.

In 2000, he was arrested and charged with murdering Jill Dando. In 2001, he was convicted of the murder, but appealed his sentence. He was retried and found not guilty. Witnesses claimed he could not have killed her at 11.30am, because he was seen 20 minutes later much farther from her house than he could have been. George was released on 1 August 2008. In 2013 it was decided that George would not be given compensation for being put in prison for a murder he did not do.

George now lives in Ballincollig, County Cork.

References
References 

1960 births
Living people
British people convicted of assault
British sex offenders
Criminals from London
People with antisocial personality disorder
People with histrionic personality disorder
People with narcissistic personality disorder
Jill Wendy Dando (9 November 1961 – 26 April 1999) was a British television presenter.

Life
Dando's parents were Jack Dando (February 1918 – February 2009) and Winifred Mary Jean Hockey (August 1928 – January 1986). Her older brother, Nigel, worked as a journalist for BBC Radio Bristol before retiring in 2017. Before working for the BBC, he worked as a journalist in local newspapers. Jill grew up in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. She moved to London in the 1980s.

Dando worked as a journalist and newsreader. She presented the travel programme Holiday as well as Crimewatch. She was engaged to Alan Farthing for the last few months of her life.

Death
On April 26, 1999, Dando was shot on her doorstep in Fulham, west London. She was taken to Charing Cross Hospital where she was declared dead on arrival.

Trial
Barry George was convicted of her murder in 2001. He was freed in 2008 when his retrial found him not guilty.

References
References

1961 births
1999 deaths
English journalists
English murder victims
English television presenters
Murders by firearm in England
People murdered in London
Television personalities from Somerset
Unsolved murders
Skydiving is parachuting (jumping)  from an airplane for fun.  Skydiving can be done individually and with groups of people.  Training is required.  Unlike most paratroopers, skydivers often wait until they are low, before opening the parachute.  The jump can also be made from a helicopter or a balloon that is high enough in the sky.  Skydiving can be an exciting sport.

Skydiving includes free falling (usually from an airplane) through the air prior to opening a parachute.   Typically skydives are carried out from around 4,000m (or 12,500ft) offering 40 to 50 seconds of freefall time.  Longer free fall times can be achieved by exiting an aircraft at altitudes much higher than 4,000m, but very high jumps require pressurized air within the aircraft, and bottled oxygen for the diver.
During a skydive, total freedom and control of the air can be enjoyed as well as many complex and spectacular maneuvers including flat turns, somersaults and formation skydiving.  Skydiving can be enjoyed either as an individual - doing solo(alone) jumps - or as part of a team carrying out formation skydiving. Usually the term ‘skydive’ refers to the time spent in freefall from exiting an aircraft to deploying a parachute, but skydiving also includes disciplines such as accuracy landings and canopy formation flying, which concentrate on the time spent after a canopy has been deployed

Notable skydives 

 Captain Joseph Kittinger recorded the highest skydive from a height of almost 102,800 feet (31.3 km) in 1960. 
 The youngest to accomplish the feat of skydiving was four years old. 
 On 6th of February 2004, a group of 357 skydivers joined hands and stayed in that formation for 6 seconds in Takhli, Thailand.
 The oldest person to skydive till date was Kathryn “Kitty” Hodges, 103 years and 129 days old.
Related pages 
 BASE jumping
 Hang gliding

Sports
The White Tie Affair was an American rock-pop and alternative music group. The White Tie Affair formed in 2006 and is currently formed by Christopher Wallace - vocals, Sean Patwell - programming and guitar, Ryan McLain - keyboards and synth, and Timothy McLaughlin - drums. They released their hit debut studio album April 22nd, 2008 called Walk This Way. The band is famous for the single "Candle (Sick & Tired)". Other songs include "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right", "Take It Home", and "If I Fall". White Tie Affair has been recording songs since 2006.

Albums
 Walk This Way
 Scene Change
 Get in Where You Fit In

Songs
 Candle (Sick & Tired)
 Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right
 The Letdown
 Take It Home
 If I Fall
 The Price of Company
 You Look Better When I'm Drunk
 She Knows
Musical groups established in 2006
2006 establishments in Illinois
Musical groups disestablished in 2012
2012 disestablishments in the United States
21st-century disestablishments in Illinois
American pop rock bands
Electronic music bands
Musical groups from Chicago
Walk This Way is a hit debut studio album released in April 2008 by the alternative rock band The White Tie Affair. The album contains singles like "Candle (Sick & Tired)", "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right", and "Take It Home".

Singles
 2008 - Candle (Sick & Tired)
 2008 - Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right
 2009 - Take It Home

Track Listing
 "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right"
 "The Letdown"
 "Candle (Sick & Tired)"
 "Scene Change"
 "Watching You"
 "The Enemy"
 "Take It Home"
 "Price of Company"
 "If I Fall"
 "The Way Down"

2008 albums
Take It Home is a song from the hit debut album by The White Tie Affair called Walk This Way. The song was not  required to be an official single, but did has hit airplay. 

2008 songs
Get in Where You Fit In was released as an EP in 2007. Songs were not released off this EP. Songs were known to be including "The Letdown", and "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right". The EP was recorded by The White Tie Affair.

Chart positions

Sources

2007 albums
The Greene County Viaduct is a  long train bridge in Greene County, Indiana,US. It is about  from Bloomington  between Solsberry and Tulip. It is officially known as Bridge X75-6 and also known as the Richland Creek Viaduct and the Tulip Trestle.  Work on the bridge started on May 22, 1905. The ground breaking ceremony was led by Joe Moss. It was finished in December of 1906. The bridge is the third longest bridge of its kind in the world. It has 18 towers for support. The original cost of the bridge was $246,504. It was estimated to be around $20 million in 2004 dollars. Two 45 foot sections were added to the bridge in 1916. Other than that, the bridge is as it was when it was originally constructed. 

The bridge was built by the Indianapolis Southern Railway and successor Indianapolis Southern Railroad. That company became a part of the Illinois Central Railroad in 1911. It is now part of the Indianapolis-Newton, Illinois line of the Indiana Rail Road.

Specifications 
 
Length: 
Tallest point: 
Location:
Other websites 
http://www.bloombank.com/dept/pr/community/viaduct.html 
http://www.bloomingpedia.org/wiki/Greene_County_Viaduct
http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/etext/hoosier/HI-04.html 
http://www.nlcs.k12.in.us/oljrhi/brown/viaduct/viaduct.htm 
http://www.lindaklong.com/viaduct.php 
http://www.ingenweb.org/ingreene/illinois_central/greene_trestle.htm 
http://www.flickr.com/photos/w9ned/sets/72157605412542006/

Bridges in the United States
Steel bridges
Rail transport in the United States
A sex doll (also called love doll or blow up doll) is a sex toy. It has the size of a sexual partner, and should help with masturbation. 

Basically, there are two variations:
 Inflatable dolls; they can be filled with air before use
 Those modelled after mannequins; more expensive, but more realistic. 

The openings in sex dolls are often fitted with vibrators. Prices for sex dolls range from about ten euros for an inflatable one, to several thousand euros for models with realistic skin.

Sex dolls can be used to bridge a period of loneliness. When the love of sex dolls becomes a fetish, this is known as pygmalionism or [agalmatophilia]].

Dolls
Sex toys
Jeffrey Lynn Goldblum (; born October 22, 1952) is an American actor and musician. He has starred in some of the highest-grossing movies of his era. These include Jurassic Park (1993) and Independence Day (1996). 

Goldblum's first movie role was in Death Wish (1974). His early roles include California Split (1974), Nashville (1975), and Annie Hall (1977). He got wider attention for his roles in Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), The Big Chill (1983), and The Fly (1986). In 1996 he was nominated for an Academy Award for Little Surprises.

He is also known for his role as Grandmaster in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movies Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 and Thor: Ragnarok (both in 2017) and the Disney+ series What If...? (2021). 

Goldblum was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for a guest appearance on Will & Grace. He also appeared in Friends, Portlandia and Inside Amy Schumer. In 2023, he was the host of his own series The World According to Jeff Goldblum (2019-present).
His jazz band released their first album, The Capitol Studios Sessions, in 2018.

Movies

References 

1952 births
Living people
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American television actors
Extras
Jewish American actors
Musicians from Pennsylvania
American jazz musicians
The Fly can be any of the following:
 The Fly (George Langelaan)
 The Fly (1958 movie)
 Return of the Fly (1959)
 Curse of the Fly (1965)
 The Fly (1986 movie)
 The Fly II (1989)
The term toxic asset is a nontechnical term used to describe certain financial assets when their value has fallen significantly and when there is no longer a functioning market for these assets, so that they cannot reasonably be sold. This term became common during the financial crisis that began in August 2007. Toxic assets played a major role in that crisis. When the market for such assets ceases to function, it is described as "frozen". 

Markets for some toxic assets froze in 2007, and the problem grew significantly worse in the second half of 2008. Several factors contributed to the freezing of toxic-asset markets. The value of the assets were very sensitive to economic conditions, and increased uncertainty in these conditions made it difficult to estimate the value of the assets. Banks and other, major financial-institutions were unwilling to sell the assets at significantly reduced prices, since lower prices would force them to significantly reduce their stated assets, making them appear insolvent.
A tesseract is a 4-dimensional object with eight cells; each cell is a cube. The tesseract is one of the six convex regular 4-polytopes. Unlike three-dimensional objects which rotate on both an axis and a plane (the plane being of length and width and the axis being of the leftover dimension, height), a tesseract rotates on two planes, one made up of length and width, and one made up of height and the fourth dimension. It is the simplest hypercube.

It is not possible to make a tesseract out of real materials. A tesseract is in four dimensions, but we can only move in three dimensions.

Example:
Line is to the 1st dimension,
Square is to the 2nd dimension,
Cube is to the 3rd dimension,
Tesseract is to the 4th dimension.

Shapes
Comparison, in grammar, is a property of adjectives and adverbs.

Adjectives and adverbs take three degrees, such as kind, kinder, kindest. The central degree is comparative, since for example Bill is kinder than Joe. whereas the first and third degrees make no comparison. Likewise the use of more as in more quickly is comparative, where quick and quickest are not.

Grammar
History 
Biltong has actually been around for centuries with its roots tracing back to South Africa. In a time before refrigerators and freezers, indigenous people needed a way to preserve extra meat for future meals. To do this, they used the basic resources at hand — knives to cut the meat, salt to flavor and preserve, and tree branches to hang the meat until it was dry.

The 17th century European settlers who arrived later saw the benefits of having a stock supply of food. They quickly adopted this method, adding their own ingredients of vinegar and saltpeter (potassium nitrate) to the meat-curing mix.

Then, in the 19th century, came the Dutch. In a mass migration known as the Great Trek, thousands of Dutch farmers hitched their wagons to avoid British rule in Cape Colony and moved into the inland of Southern Africa.

For this long journey, they needed food — something portable, something non-perishable, and something with sustenance. Biltong was their perfect solution.
They toted the preserved meat with them as they traveled, calling it “biltong”— a combination of the Dutch words “bille” (for buttock) and “tonghe” (for strip or tongue).

This marked the beginnings of biltong, now one of South Africa’s favorite meaty snacks.

References

Meat
Liberal Christianity is a term which is used for several movements in Christianity. These movements formed between the 18th and 20th century. Their philosophical and theological ideas have been influenced by those of Enlightenment. They are not liberal in a political sense. They want to remain independent from dogmas defined by the different Christian Churches. When Liberal Christians interpret the Bible, they reject Biblical inerrancy and Papal authority. A Liberal Christian may have certain beliefs that are the same as those of more conservative Christians. Well known proponents include Hans Küng, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Albert Schweitzer.
Conservative theologians and scholars strongly criticize Liberal Christianity’s rejection of orthodox doctrines and willingness to adapt to the modern era, claiming that it goes against traditional conceptions of Christian faith. Liberal Christianity has also been criticized for its  pluralistic and  relativistic leanings in theology. Modernism has been denounced by the Catholic Church as a heresy.

Related pages
Quaker
Episcopalian
Unitarian Universalism

References 

Christian movements and denominational families
Albumin is the name for a number of globular proteins that can be dissolved in water. Albumin is found in blood serum. Albumin is also found in egg white. The albumin index is used to measure the freshness of an egg. It measures how far an egg spreads if broken on a flat smooth surface. The older an egg is, the further it spreads.

References

Proteins
Jerry Fodor (April 22, 1935 – November 29, 2017) was a philosopher. He mostly worked on the philosophy of mind and cognitive science, both of which are concerned with how the mind worked.

His studies have concerned themselves with the idea of whether thought is expressed in language or whether it is absurd to think so. Fodor also attempted to tie in the design of the brain to the thoughts held within. This is described by many as a return to the 19th century practice of phrenology, although Fodor offers more science to back his version up than phrenologists. It is these views which led other philosophers, such as Jared Cole and Daniel Dennett to describe Fodor's claims as absurd and out of date.

Fodor lived in Newark, New Jersey with his wife, Janet. He had two children and several cats. Outside philosophy he enjoyed opera and writes for the London Review of Books.

Fodor died in New York City of complications from Parkinson's disease on November 29, 2017 at the age of 82.

References
References

Works 
Fodor, Jerry A. 1975. The language of thought.
Fodor, Jerry A. 1981. Representations: philosophical essays on the foundations of cognitive science. The MIT Press. 
Fodor, Jerry A. 1983. The modularity of mind. The MIT Press. 
Fodor, Jerry A. 2000. The mind doesn't work that way:  the scope and limits of computational psychology.  MIT Press. 

American philosophers
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Writers from New York City
1935 births
2017 deaths
Harry Houdini (March 24, 1874 - October 31, 1926) was a Hungarian-born American magician and escapologist. He also investigated fake spiritualists and was a skeptic.

Life and career
He was born in Budapest to Jewish parents and was named Ehrich Weiss, but changed his name to Harry Houdini when he became a professional magician. At first he did not have much success in his career. In 1899 his acts got better when he met his manager Martin Beck. Mr Beck was impressed with Houdini's handcuff stunts and within a year Houdini was famous.

Houdini also appeared in several early movies and made many early airplane flights. He made the first successful airplane flight in Australia, on 18 March 1910, in Victoria.
Death
Houdini died in Detroit, Michigan, on October 31, 1926. Two weeks before his death, a college student approached Houdini and asked him if he could withstand a punch in the stomach, a challenge which Houdini often took, and the former punched him several times. Houdini became sick afterwards, but continued to perform. Houdini's official cause of death was peritonitis (inflammation in the abdomen). Some speculate that it was caused by a ruptured appendix from that incident.
In Popular Culture
In 1953 there  was a popular but fictionalized movie "Houdini" (with Tony Curtis as Houdini); its ending is that Houdini accidentally drowns trying to escape from a escape proof water trap. 
A running gag in TV is that an evil magician is trying to steal Harry Houdini's "Magic Secrets":
In the TV show "Simon & Simon" "Grand Illusion" Season 3 episode 1 9/29/1983 is the theme of stolen Notes of Harry Houdini and a ghostly magician
In the cartoon The Real Ghostbusters episode "The Cabinet of Calamari" 9/30/1987 The Ghostbusters capture the ghost of Harry Houdini who keeps escaping from their traps; in a twist ending Houdini ghost not only rescuses Peter Venkman from a ghostly dimension but also help capture a dishonest magician who stole Houdini magic Secrets!

References

Other websites
Other websites

Houdini Tribute  400+ Photos, videos, multimedia, and hear Houdini's voice.
 
 in 2010
Harry Houdini: His Life and His Art
 
Wild About Harry—Website devoted to what's new in the world of Houdini; books, DVDs, auctions, movies, events, and pop culture references.

1874 births
1926 deaths
American aviators
Deaths from appendicitis
Deaths from peritonitis
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
Entertainers from Budapest
Hungarian Jews
Jewish American entertainers
Magicians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Vaudeville performers
A hysterectomy is surgery to remove the womb. This is usually done by a gynecologist. 
Women who undergo a hysterectomy can no longer bear children. Hysterectomies are done for certain forms of cancer of the reproductive system (affecting womb, cervix, ovaries), or tumors.

A woman may have her uterus removed because she has a tumor. A tumor can be cancer. Another type of tumor can be benign. The uterus may be removed because organs in the pelvic area have moved down. When organs move, the uterus may move down, too. A hysterectomy may be able to fix this problem. A hysterectomy can be done for other reasons. These are endometriosis, bleeding, and pain that does not stop.

When a woman has a hysterectomy other organs may be removed. Removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes can be part of the hysterectomy.

References

Female reproductive system
Bergen County Academies is a public high school in Hackensack, New Jersey, United States.

The Bergen Academies, as it is called, is a magnet school which attracts students from all over Bergen County. Students who apply to the school can choose to attend one of seven disciplines, called academies. The academies are Science (AAST), Engineering (AEDT), Medical (AMST), Business (ABF), Computer Science (ATCS), Culinary (ACAHA), and Visual and Performing Arts (AVPA).

Schools in New Jersey
Bergen County, New Jersey
Hackensack is a city of Bergen County in the state of New Jersey in the United States.  It is the county seat of Bergen County. Almost 42,700 people were living in Hackensack as of 2000.

References

Other websites 
 Hackensack official website

Cities in Bergen County, New Jersey
County seats in New Jersey
1921 establishments in the United States
Dionysius Exiguus (–), was a monk born in Scythia Minor. This is now a part of modern Romania. Dionysius is best known as the inventor of the Anno Domini era, which is used to number the years of both the Gregorian calendar and the Julian calendar.

Related pages
 Anno Domini

470 births
544 deaths
Chronology
6th-century people
Christian monks
Galilee ( ha-Galil, lit: the province, Latin: Galileia,  al-Jaleel) is a large place in northern Israel. It is traditionally divided into Upper and Lower Galilee. It is mentioned frequently in the New Testament.

Most of Galilee is rocky terrain, between  and  of altitude.The term Western Galilee is a modern one, it refers to the area in the west, near the sea.

Other websites 

Regions of Israel
Ancient Israel and Judah
Louis David Riel  (22 October 1844 – 16 November 1885,  (Loo-EE Ree-EL) in English) was a Métis Canadian politician. He helped in the founding of Manitoba and was a leader of the Métis people in the Canadian Prairies. He led two resistance movements against the Canadian government and Prime Minister John A. Macdonald. 

Riel tried to preserve Métis rights and culture. However, until recently, he was usually regarded as an outlawsince he fought the Canadian government in 1870, and his people took prisoners.

One of the prisoners was a man named Thomas Scott, who disobey and disrespect his captors. Scott assaulted one of Riel's men. 

Riel had enough, and Scott was put on trial to a jury containing several of Riel's most trusted men including Elzéar Goulet, a Métis leader who supported Riel. The court found Scott annoying, and he was sentenced to death by firing squad. 

Riel fled to the United States but in 1885 returned to fight against the Canadian government again.
English-speaking Canadians, especially in Ontario, considered Riel a murderer of Scott, and a war party, the Wolsely Expedition, was sent to put his rebellion down and eventually captured him. Riel was put on trial and then hanged in Regina, now in Saskatchewan.

French-speaking Canadians caused a riot in Montreal, Quebec, after the execution and still consider him as a hero.

References

Canadian politicians
First Nations people
People executed by hanging
Canadian Roman Catholics
1844 births
1885 deaths
Indigenous rights activists
The Final Solution (German: Die Endlösung) was a plan made by the Nazi Germany to kill millions of Jews and Gypsies (Roma and Sinti people of Romania and many other European countries) during World War II. On July 31 1941, Nazi Luftwaffe leader Hermann Goering ordered the SS to make plans for a  "complete solution of the Jewish question." At first people were simply shot dead, but in the autumn of 1941 the SS and police began using mobile killing vans. People were locked into the back of trucks which had been changed to allow the exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide to enter. The people sealed in the back of the truck were gassed which lead to them unfortunately dying a horrible death.
Heinrich Himmler brought in a plan known as Operation Reinhard, named after SS General Reinhard Heydrich, who had been killed by Czech soldiers. Three camps were set up in Poland for the purpose of killing people. These were at Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. In 1942 more death camps were set up in Poland at Majdanek, Chelmno, and Auschwitz. By the end of World War II about six million people had been killed.

Related pages 
 The Holocaust
 Extermination camps (death camps)
 Bełżec extermination camp
 Auschwitz concentration camp and extermination camp
 Genocide

References

Nazi Germany
Nazism
The Holocaust
Genocides in Europe
War crimes
The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion.  The Apostle Paul tells of this supper in his first letter to the Corinthians.  The Synoptic Gospels all tell of Jesus using the bread and wine as symbols of his body and blood.  the Gospel of John does not include those details but tells of Jesus washing the feet of the disciples.  This has led to some Christian groups having a ritual of foot washing as a sign of humility. 

The Last Supper is commemorated by Christians especially on Maundy Thursday. The Last Supper provides the purpose for Eucharist, also known as "Holy Communion" or "The Lord's Supper".
Christian groups have different ways to celebrate this event.  The Roman Catholic mass is observed at least weekly. Lutheran, Episcopal and other denominations also do this, but their understanding of its meaning is not identical to that of the Roman Catholics. Other denominations celebrate no more than 4 times a year. Some Christian groups such as the Salvation Army do not celebrate it at all. Churches which celebrate the last supper usually have fixed rituals that are used. This is followed by the believers receiving small pieces of bread and a sip of wine or grape juice. Some churches practice "closed" communion.  This means only members of the church can participate.  Others, such as Methodists allow all those present to participate. Churches with closed communion may also deny their own members if they are not living according to the rules of the church.

References

Relating page
Eucharist

Jesus
Gospels
Titus Flavius Josephus (; 37 –  100), born Yosef ben Matityahu ( Yōsef ben Matiṯyāhu;  Iṓsēpos Matthíou paîs), was a Jewish writer and historian who wrote a book about in the First Jewish–Roman War and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 . According to some historians, he wrote briefly about Jesus, some decades after Jesus died.

During the First Jewish-Roman War he fought against the Romans until his surrender in 67.

References 

37 births
100s deaths
Ancient Israeli people
Ancient Roman historians
Jewish military people
Jewish writers
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (), commonly known as Suetonius ( ; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian. His most important work is called De Vita Caesarum, or Lives of the Caesars. It includes the biographies of twelve successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to Domitian.

Suetonius was born when Vespasian was emperor, so scholars say he must have been born before 79 c.e.  His father was from Rome's equestrian social class.  He worked as a secretary for Emperor Hadrian but he was accused of something having to do with the empress Sabina and was forced to retire in 121 c.e.  He wrote De Vita Caesarum after that.

Westerners during the medieval and early modern periods thought De Vita Caesarum was a very good book.  Many scholars have read and translated it.  It has been printed in more than 100 separate versions since 1500 a.d.

References

Ancient Roman historians
Biographers
60s births
120s deaths
The Dominican city of Dajabón is the head municipality of the Dajabón province, on the northwestern border with Haiti.

Population
The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 25,245: 12,545 men and 12,700 women. The urban population was  of the total population, one of the most urban municipality in the country.

History
The city was initially founded between 1771 and 1776 with some families that came from Monte Cristi. During the Dominican War of Independence, the city was abandoned and it was burned several times by the Haitian army. After the war, some families came to live here and in 1864, during the period of the Restoration War, the city was made a municipality.

With the creation of the Dajabón Province in 1938, the city was made the head municipality of the new province.

Geography
Dajabón has a total area of . It has only one municipal district (a subdivision of a municipality): Cañongo.