Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sherman's March to the Sea is the name given to the military Savannah Campaign in the American Civil War.  This was a march of troops through Georgia that lasted from November 15 to December 21, 1864. It was led by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army.

The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta, Georgia, on November 15.  It ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21. His army burned military targets along with stores, other businesses, and the homes of the people who lived in their path. This ruined the Confederacy's economy and its means of travelling.

Sherman's plan of action of fighting deep inside enemy territory without any extra supplies changed American war strategy.

References 

American Civil War battles
1864 in Georgia (U.S. state)
Nina Nikolayevna Arkhipova (Нина Николаевна Архипова; 1 May 1921 – 24 April 2016) was a Soviet-born Russian movie and stage actress. She was a People's Artist of the RSFSR (1988). She was known for her roles in Bountiful Summer, Prosnis i poy, Burnt by the Summer. She was born in Omsk, USSR.

Arkhipova died in Moscow, Russia from complications of pneumonia on 24 April 2016, aged 94.

Recognition and Awards 
 Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1967)
 People's Artist of the RSFSR (1988)
 Order of Friendship (1996))
   Medal In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow

References

Other websites
 

1921 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Russia
Russian movie actors
Soviet movie actors
Russian stage actors
The Sweet Escape is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani, released on December 1, 2006 by Interscope Records.

Track listing

Notes
  signifies an additional producer
  signifies a co-producer
  signifies an additional vocal producer
 "Wind It Up" contains interpolations from the composition "The Lonely Goatherd", written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Sweet Escape.
Gwen Stefani – lead vocals
 Akon – keyboards, production, programming, vocals 
 Andrew Alekel – recording 
 Angel Aponte – additional recording 
 Trinka Baggetta – A&R coordination
 Matt Beck – guitar 
 Yvan Bing – assistant engineering 
 Stephen Bradley – baritone, trumpet 
 Julian Chan – recording 
 Jolie Clemens – art direction, layout
 Andrew Coleman – recording 
 Greg Collins – bass ; recording ; guitar ; additional vocal production ; additional vocals recording 
 Cindy Cooper – art and packaging coordination, photography
 Pete Davis – additional keyboards, additional mix programming 
 Loren Dawson – keyboards 
 Alex Dromgoole – assistant engineering ; guitar ; bass 
 Bojan Dugic – recording 
 David Emery – assistant engineering ; guitar 
 Ron Fair – orchestra production 
 Jason Finkel – assistant engineering 
 Nicole Frantz – art and packaging coordination, photography
 Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
 Sean Garrett – backing vocals, co-production 
 Brian Garten – recording
Simon Gogerly – recording 
 Mark "Exit" Goodchild – recording 
 Scheila Gonzalez – clarinet, flute, saxophone 
 Martin Gore – guitar 
 Jill Greenberg – fine art concept, photography
 Keith Gretlein – recording 
 Hart Gunther – assistant engineering 
 Richard Hawley – guitar 
 Nellee Hooper – production 
 Jimmy Iovine – A&R direction
 Neil Kanal – programming, recording ; keyboards 
 Tony Kanal – keyboards, production, programming 
 Ryan Kennedy – assistant engineering 
 Anthony LoGerfo – percussion 
 Aidan Love – programming 
 Tony Love – guitar 
 Gabrial McNair – keyboards ; baritone, trombone 
 Jonathan Merritt – recording 
 Kevin Mills – recording ; assistant engineering 
 Colin Mitchell – recording 
 Dror Mohar – assistant engineering 
 Angelo Moore – saxophone 
 The Neptunes – production 
 Ewan Pearson – programming 
 Pharrell – vocals 
 Glenn Pittman – assistant engineering 
 Mark Ralph – guitar 
 Tim Rice-Oxley – keyboards, piano 
 Kingston James McGregor Rossdale – baby sounds
Ian Rossiter – assistant engineering 
 Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing ; additional production 
 Swizz Beatz – production 
 Talent Bootcamp Kids – additional vocals 
 Phil Tan – mixing 
 Steve Tolle – assistant engineering 
 Rich Travali – mixing 
 Giorgio Tuinfort – co-production, keyboards, programming 
 Mark Williams – A&R direction
Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2006 albums
Gwen Stefani albums
Pop albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Inge King AM (26 November 1915 – 24 April 2016) was a German-born Australian sculptor. She received many public commissions. Her work is held in public and private collections. Her best known work is Forward Surge (1974) at the Melbourne Arts Centre. She became a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in January 1984.

References

Other websites
Inge King at the Women's Art Register 
Article in Art Forum
Capturing the spirit of the times
Article in The Age
Exhibition, Commissions and Awards list at Australia Galleries 
The sculpture of Inge King, including her 2009 exhibition "Sculpture: Maquettes and Recent Work"
Sculpture: 'MoonBird' at the Lodge, Canberra 
Inge King and Grahame King Website

1915 births
2016 deaths
Australian artists
German centenarians
German sculptors
People from Berlin
Ronald "Ron" Jeffery Brace III (December 18, 1986 – April 23, 2016) was an American football nose tackle. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the second round of the 2009 NFL Draft as a defensive end. He played college football at Boston College. He played for the Patriots from 2009 through 2012.

Brace died suddenly from an apparent heart attack on April 23, 2016 in Springfield, Massachusetts at the age of 29.

References

Other websites
New England Patriots bio 
Boston College Eagles bio 

1986 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
New England Patriots players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Harry Walter Perkowski (September 6, 1922 – April 20, 2016) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played between 1947 and 1955 for the Cincinnati Reds & Redlegs (1947, 1949–54) and Chicago Cubs (1955). He was listed at , , he batted and threw left-handed.

Perkowski died in Beckley, West Virginia on April 20, 2016, aged 93.

Other websites
Baseball in Wartime
Baseball Library 

Baseball Todds Dugout 
Retrosheet
July 19, 1954 – Game box score
Obituary

1922 births
2016 deaths
Chicago Cubs players
Sportspeople from Virginia
Emile Ford (born Michael Emile Telford Miller, 16 October 1937 – 11 April 2016) was a Saint Lucian musician and singer. He was born in Castries.  He was popular in the United Kingdom in the late 1950s and early 1960s as the leader of Emile Ford & the Checkmates. They had a number one hit in late 1959 with "What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?".  He also did pioneering work as a sound engineer.

Ford died in London on 11 April 2016, aged 78.

References

1937 births
2016 deaths
Saint Lucian people
Pop singers
Pop musicians
Guitarists
Darrell Trayler Hogan (July 2, 1926 – April 6, 2016) was an American football player. He played from 1949 through 1953 with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League.

Hogan was born in San Antonio, Texas. He first studied at Baylor University before moving to Trinity University. Hogan was raised in Hot Wells, Texas. He coached high school football and track and field in Texas after his playing days. He was inducted into the Trinity University Athletics Hall of Fame in 2003. 

Hogan died on April 6, 2016 from heart failure in Bandera, Texas, aged 89.

References

Other websites
Just Sports Stats

1926 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from San Antonio, Texas
Royston Hulbert Nash (July 23, 1933 – April 4, 2016) was an English conductor. He was best known as a music director of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and, later, as the conductor of the Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra.

Nash was born in Southampton, England. 

His career as a conductor began with the Royal Marines from 1957 to 1970.  He then joined D'Oyly Carte, becoming Music Director from 1971 to 1979.  There, he led the company during its centenary year in 1975 and issued a number of recordings, including the company's only recordings of Utopia, Limited, The Grand Duke, and The Zoo, as well as recordings of some rarely heard Sullivan music.  

He then moved to the United States, where he became musical director of the Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra, the Nashua Symphony Orchestra, and other ensembles, until his retirement in 2007. He also founded and conducted Symphony by the Sea.

Nash died at the McCarthy Care Center in East Sandwich, Massachusetts on April 4, 2016, aged 82.

References
References

Other websites
  
 Photo of Nash in Massachusetts in 2011 at the CCSO's 50th Anniversary
 Royston Nash credits at Allmusic

1933 births
2016 deaths
British conductors
People from Southampton
Jules Shungu Wembadio Pene Kikumba, or commonly known as Papa Wemba (June 14, 1949 – April 24, 2016) was a Congolese rumba (later known as soukous) singer and musician. He was one of Africa's most popular musicians, and known in world music. He was born in Lubefu, Sankuru District, Belgian Congo. He worked with Zaiko Langa Langa and Viva la Musica.

Wemba, who suffered from epilepsy, died after suffering a seizure on stage in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on April 24, 2016 at the age of 66.

References

Other websites
 Papa Wemba Official Web Site 
 
 Biography of Papa Wemba, Soukous Radio

1949 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from epilepsy
Democratic Republic of the Congo people
Singers
Musicians
Smelting is the general term for getting a metal from its natural ore. Gold is an exception because it is usually found as a pure metal. Other metals, like iron, copper, zinc, and silver, need to be got from their ore.

The process of smelting always involves heating the ore, and may also use a reducing agent like coke or charcoal. Most ores are oxides, sulfides or carbonates. This process removes the nonmetal part, leaving behind the metal. Ores are not pure, so a flux is added to carry away the impurities. Limestone is the usual flux for this purpose. It removes the impurities as slag.

Beyond this, each metal has its own special methods. Producing iron from its ore is done in a blast furnace. Producing zinc or aluminium from their ores requires (in addition to heat) electrolysis.
Iron is smelted from iron ore in large reactors called blast furnaces. A blast furnace is a tall vertical structure which is fed with coke, iron ore and limestone. When hot air is blown in the blast furnace, the coke will burn and reduce the oxygen off the ore, producing bare iron and carbon dioxide. The limestone will bind off any remaining bedrock. The iron melts in the hot temperature and is tapped off in liquid phase at the bottom. It is then worked into steel. The limestone and bedrock form a compound called slag. It can be used for making bricks, concrete or road topping. Earlier methods include Bloomery.

Aluminum is smelted in electric ovens called electric arc furnaces. The aluminum ore is poured on the bottom of the furnace and electric current is led through the ore. The temperature rises so high that the oxygen separates, leaving metallic aluminum.
Copper is poured on naked flame which burns off sulfur and other impurities, leaving raw copper. Electrolysis uses electric current to separate the copper in big pools, which contain water solution called electrolyte. An electric current is led in the pool, and all copper will gather on the electrode called cathode. 

Metallurgy and especially smelting is a key to the early civilizations. The earliest evidence of copper smelting dates from between 5500 BC and 5000 BC. The sites are in Pločnik and Belovode, Serbia.

References 

Ores
Manufacturing
The River Wandle is a river in south-east England. The river runs through southwest London. 

Rain falls on the North Downs, filters through the chalk and emerges on the spring line. The river is first visible at Wandle Park in Croydon. It passes through the London Boroughs of Croydon, Sutton, Merton, and Wandsworth to join the River Thames at Wandsworth. The River Wandle is between 9 and 11 miles long.

History of the River Wandle 
The river has been used since Roman times. It was heavily industrialised in the 17th and 18th centuries and was one of the most polluted rivers in England.  

In Victorian times the Wandle was one of hardest working rivers in the world. The river was used to power 68 water wheels, of which only a few survive, such as at Merton Abbey Mills.
On 17 September 2007, a chemical was accidentally flushed into the Wandle from Thames Water's Beddington sewage works. The chemical was being used to clean, but instead of being put back through the treatment works, it was accidentally put into the river. This resulted in over 2,000 fish of various species being killed. The company failed to tell the Environment Agency of the incident, as the site manager thought it wasn't important. 

Dry fly fishing was first started for catching trout from the river. Cleanups of the Wandle have improved the water quality, leading to a return of the river's once famous brown trout. This improvement in water quality has also seen other fish thrive. There are stocks of chub, roach and perch all flourishing once again with the most popular angling spots situated on the river at Colliers Wood.
Also found in the River Wandle are water voles, otters, the common toad, and grey heron. Water voles usually live along rivers. Otters are one of the top river predators, feeding mainly on fish.

The river is managed with artificial channels, runoff ditches and a few underground stretches.

References 

Rivers of England
Geography of London
International Downtown Association (IDA) is an international organization dedicated to Downtowns and city centers around the world. The organization is located in Washington D.C., United States and was established in 2011. IDA is a world leader and champion for vital and livable urban centers. Through its network of diverse practitioners, its rich body of knowledge, and its unique capacity to nurture community-building partnerships, IDA provides tools, intelligence and strategies for creating healthy and dynamic centers that anchor the well-being of towns, cities and regions of the world.

Other websites 
  International Downtown Association 

Urban planning organizations
1954 establishments in the United States
International organizations
Organizations in Washington, D.C.
Thomas Michael Bond, OBE (13 January 1926 – 27 June 2017) was an English author. He was best known for his Paddington Bear series of books. Bond was awarded a OBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours 2015.

Bond died on 27 June 2017 at his London home from a short-illness at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
 Michael Bond Biography
 Paddington Bear – The Official Website
 The Herbs

1926 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in London
English children's writers
People from Berkshire
Caldwell Blakeman Esselstyn Jr. (born December 12, 1933) is an American physician, author and former Olympic rowing champion.

Esselstyn is the author of Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease (2007). It argues for a low-fat, whole foods, plant-based diet that avoids all animal products, as well as reducing or avoiding soybeans, nuts, avocados and oils.  The diet has been used by former U.S. President Bill Clinton.

References

Other websites

1933 births
Living people
American physicians
Writers from New York City
Sportspeople from New York City
Thomas Colin Campbell (born March 14, 1934) is an American biochemist. He works in the effect of nutrition on long-term health. He is the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor Emeritus of Nutritional Biochemistry at Cornell University.

Career
Campbell has become known for his advocacy of a low-fat, whole foods, plant-based diet. He is the author of over 300 research papers and three books, The China Study (2005, co-authored with his son, Thomas M. Campbell II), which became one of America's best-selling books about nutrition), Whole (2013) and The Low-Carb Fraud (2014). Campbell featured in the 2011 American documentary Forks Over Knives.
His works
 Diet, Life-style and Mortality in China (1991)
 The China Study (2005)
 Whole: Rethinking the Science of Nutrition (2013)
 Campbell, T. Colin, and Caldwell Esselstyn, Jr, MD. "Forks Over Knives: How a Plant-Based Diet Can Save America". Huffington Post, May 13, 2011.
 Campbell, T. Colin. "Nutrition: The Future of Medicine", The Huffington Post, October 25, 2010.
 Campbell, T. Colin. "Low Fat Diets Are Grossly Misrepresented". Huffington Post, September 28, 2010.
 Campbell, T. Colin, PhD, with Jacobson, Howard, PhD. (2014) The Low-Carb Fraud. BenBella Books.

References

Other websites
T. Colin Campbell Center for Nutrition Studies

1934 births
Living people
American biochemists
Writers from Pennsylvania
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Cornell University faculty
Jeffrey Alan "Jeff" Merkley (born October 24, 1956) is an American politician. He is the junior United States Senator from Oregon. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Merkley was a five-term member of the Oregon House of Representatives representing House District 47, located in eastern Multnomah County within the Portland city limits. He also served as Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives.

He defeated two-term Republican incumbent Gordon Smith in the 2008 U.S. Senate election and easily defeated Monica Wehby in the 2014 U.S. Senate election.

Merkely was the first member of the Senate to endorse Bernie Sanders in his bid for the Democratic nomination for President.

References

Other websites

 Senator Jeff Merkley official U.S. Senate site
 Jeff Merkley for Senate
1956 births
Living people
United States senators from Oregon
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
21st-century American politicians
American Lutherans
American Protestants
Philanthropists from Oregon
Princeton University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Thinle Lhondup (), also known as Thinley or Thinlen, (1943/1944 – April 24, 2016) was a popular Nepalese actor. He was best known for his role in the Academy Award-nominated movie Himalaya (1999). Thinle appears in some music videos in Nepal as well. 

Thinle died on April 24, 2016 in Kathmandu, Nepal from stomach cancer, aged 72.

References

1940s births
2016 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Nepalese movie actors
Perry Oliver Hooper, Sr. (April 8, 1925 – April 24, 2016), was an American jurist. He served as the twenty-seventh Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 1995 to 2001. He was the first Republican since Reconstruction to have been elected to his state's highest court.

Hooper died at his home in Montgomery, Alabama on April 24, 2016, aged 91.

References

1925 births
2016 deaths
American judges
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Birmingham, Alabama
Benjamin Taisacan Manglona (March 31, 1938 – April 24, 2016) was a Northern Mariana Islands politician and civil engineer. He was the island's longest serving elected official having served as a congressman, senator, and former mayor of Rota (the third largest island in the island's chain).

Manglona served as the third Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands of the Northern Mariana Islands from 1990 to 1994 and as Mayor of Rota from 1998 to 2006.

Manglona died on April 24, 2016 in Rota, Northern Mariana Islands from a stroke, aged 78.

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Civil engineers
Lieutenant Governors of the Northern Mariana Islands
Air Niugini is the flag carrier airline of Papua New Guinea. Port Moresby Airport is their main hub. Air Niugini was founded in 1973. The airline started flight to Australia in 1975. The airline got its first widebody airplane in 1984. The 1990s were tough times for Air Niugini. To survive, the government helped the airline by cutting jobs and lowering wages at the airline. In 2003, Air Niugini made its first profit in many years. The airline flies to 35 cities and has 33 airplanes as of 2016.

Gallery

References

Papua New Guinea
Airlines of Oceania
1973 establishments in Oceania
Vera Vasilyeva Kuzminichna (30 September 1925 – 9 August 2023) was a Soviet-born Russian movie and stage actress. She was honored with People's Artist of the USSR in 1986. She was twice awarded the Stalin Prize in 1948 and in 1951. She was known for her roles in Bride with a Dowry (1954), Pokhozhdeniya zubnogo vracha (1965) and Bezumnyy den ili zhenitba Figaro (1974). Her career began in 1943.

Vasilyeva was born in Moscow. She was married to actor Vladimir Ushakov until his death in 2011. They had no children. Vasilyeva died on 9 August 2023 in Moscow at the age of 97.

References

Other websites
 

1925 births
2023 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Actors from Moscow
Miguel Picazo (27 March 1927 – 23 April 2016) was a Spanish movie director, screenwriter and actor. He is best known for directing his first movie La Tía Tula (Aunt Tula) (1964). He was also an actor. He was in The Spirit of the Beehive (1973) and Tesis (1996). He retired in 1997.

Picazo died in Madrid, Spain on 23 April 2016, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2016 deaths
Spanish movie directors
Spanish movie actors
Spanish screenwriters
Tamio "Tommy" Kono (June 27, 1930 – April 24, 2016) was an American weightlifter in the 1950s and 1960s.
Kono was the only Olympic weightlifter in history to have set world records in four different weight classes: lightweight (149 pounds or 67.5 kilograms), middleweight (165 lb or 75 kg), light-heavyweight (182 lb or 82.5 kg), and middle-heavyweight (198 lb or 90 kg).

In 1993 Kono was elected to the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame.  Kono was also an inductee to the Association of Oldetime Barbell and Strongmen (A.O.B.S.) Hall of Fame.

Kono died on April 24, 2016 in Honolulu, Hawaii from complications of liver disease, aged 85.

References

Other websites
 Tommy Kono, Hall of Fame at Lift Up
 

1930 births
2016 deaths
American weightlifters
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Deaths from liver disease
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Sacramento, California
Sportsmen
Family Portrait or Družinski portret is a painting by artist France Kralj (1895—1960).  Kralj painted the picture in 1926.  The size of the painting is 45 in. by 51 in. (115.5 cm by 130.3 cm).  The material is oil on canvas.  The painting is in the Museum of Modern Art in Ljubljana.

The title of the painting in Slovenian language is "Družinski portret".  The painting shows Kralj, his wife, and his child.  They are leaving his studio after work.  The painting is an example of the New Objectivity style of art in Slovenia.

There are two special things about the painting.  First, the painting shows the artist's personal life.  Kralj did not usually use his personal life as a subject for paintings.  In this painting, there is no emotional or sentimental part element. This is usual in paintings of the New Objectivity style.  They showed concrete people and objects without their qualities or symbolism.
Second, the painting shows a sculpture in the part of the picture that is nearest to and in front of the viewer. The sculpture is a finished work.  It is a sculpture of his wife and child.

Slovenian expressionism 

Kralj went to Vienna in 1913 to study sculpture.  In 1915 he stopped his studies because of the war.  In 1919 he returned from the war and went to study in Prague for two years. From 1920-1923, Kralj was in the center of the Slovenian expressionism movement. Expressionism explores philosophical themes.  Kralj left the expressionism movement and was soon in the center of the Slovenian "new reality" movement.  The "new reality" style uses designs of everyday life.

References

Other websites 
Three works by France Kralj  
Moderna Galerija, Projekt DCA
https://museums.si/sl/author/details/7/france-kralj

1920s paintings
Slovenian culture
France Kralj (September 26, 1895 — February 2, 1960) was an artist. He was important in Slovenian expressionism and in the later new reality style. In the 1950s, he started making monotype prints.

Life 

France Kralj was born in Zagorica in Dobrepolje, Slovenia.  His mother was Margareti (born Sever) and his father was Janezu Kralj. His brother Tone was born in 1900 and another brother Ignacij (Igo) in 1906.

SloveniaKralj went to elementary school in Dobrepolje from 1901 to 1907. He went to an art and craft school in Ljubljana,  in 1907.  Then he studied wood and stone sculpture in Ljubljana until 1912.  From 1912 to 1913 he was an assistant in the workshop of Aloysius Podlogarja in Celovcu.
In 1913 Kralj studied sculpture in Vienna, Austria. In 1915 he stopped his studies because of the start of World War I.  In 1919 he studied in Prague, Czech Republic for two years. For many years he was a professor at the Ljubljana Secondary Technical School.  In 1933 his autobiography Moja pot (My way) was published. In 1937 he won a prize at the world exhibition in Paris for his sculpture Zrebe (Foal).

Work 

From 1920-1923, Kralj was in the center of Slovenian expressionism.  Then he left the philosophical themes for designs of everyday life in the style of the "new reality".

The Božidar Jakac Gallery opened a permanent collection of Kralj's work in 1983. It has paintings, drawings, prints, and sculptures. The collection has some works in the expressionist style, the new realities style, and many abstract monotypes of farmers, animals, and landscapes. Kraj's painting "Družinski portret" or "Family Portrait" is an example of the New Objectivity art style in Slovenia.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Franz Kralj 

Yugoslavian artists
1895 births
1960 deaths
Slovenian artists
Canola refers to both an edible oil (canola oil) and a type of rapeseed.

The plant is a cultivar of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa or Brassica juncea. They are well known for their seeds, from which the canola cooking oil is made. The oil is widely used for preparing food, It has very little saturated fat and a lot of polyunsaturated fats.

Besides cooking, there are also other ways to use canola oil. One of these is to produce biodiesel fuel for cars and trucks.

References 

Cooking oils
Brassicaceae
Solomon Airlines is the flag carrier airline of the Solomon Islands. It started in 1962.

Gallery

References

1962 establishments
Airlines of Oceania
Solomon Islands
1960s establishments in Oceania
The 2016 California Democratic primary was held on June 7 in the U.S. state of California. The primary was nonpartisan, meaning the candidates were not divided based on their political party. Hillary Clinton won the primary with 53.07% of the popular vote.

Other primaries/caucuses occurred on the same day. Those states included Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North and South Dakota.

Polls 

In 2015, Hillary Clinton dominated the polls. It slowly become a close call between Clinton and Bernie Sanders. The most recent poll before the primary, which was conducted by Fox News from April 18-21, 2016, said that Clinton had 48% of the vote compared to 46% for Sanders. The sample size was 623 people with a 4% margin of error.

Results

By county 

Yellow is a victory for Clinton, while green is a victory for Sanders.

References 

California-related lists
2016 California elections
Solomon Hersh Frees (June 22, 1920 – November 2, 1986), better known as Paul Frees, was an American actor, voice actor, impressionist, comedian and vaudevillian. He was best known for his work with MGM, Walter Lantz, and Walt Disney theatrical cartoons in the 1950s through the 1980s and for providing the voice of Boris Badenov in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. He became known as "The Man of a Thousand Voices." He is also known for being the original voice of Ludwig Von Drake from 1961 until his death in 1986.

Filmography

References

1920 births
1986 deaths
American voice actors
American screenwriters
Actors from Chicago
Yemanzhelinsk (Russian: Еманжели́нск) is a town and administrative centre in the Yemanzhelinsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is located near the Kazakhstan border, and is on the eastern slopes of the Southern Ural Mountains. Yemanzhelinsk was founded in 1770 by the Cossacks. The population was 30,216 at the 2010 census.

History 

Yemanzhelinsk was founded in 1770 as a Cossack village and  was named Yemanzhelinskaya () since 1866. It became a coal mining settlement in the early 1930s, and was granted town status on September 25, 1951. The chelyabinsk meteor landed close to Yemanzhelinsk.

Related pages 
List of cities and towns in Russia

References 

Cities and towns in Chelyabinsk Oblast
Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian: Челя́бинская о́бласть, Chelyabinskaya oblast) is a province (an oblast) in Russia. It is around the Ural Mountains, on the border between Europe and Asia. Its administrative center is the city of Chelyabinsk. As of 2023, the population is 3,603,339.[. Chelyabinsk oblast is located in the European part of Russia.

Geography and climate 
Its elevation is 200–250 meters above sea level.

Climate 
Most of the oblast falls under the Humid continental climate, meaning the area has warm/mild summers with cold winters.

Demographics 
The 2010 census showed these are the ethnic groups in the oblast:
 2,829,899 Russians (83.8%);
 180,913 Tatars (5.4%);
 162,513 Bashkirs (4.8%);
 50,081 Ukrainians (1.5%);
 35,297 Kazakhs (1.00%);
 18,687 Germans (0.5%);
 13,035 Belarusians (0.4%);
 12,147 Mordvins (0.2%);
 9,311 Armenians (0.3%);
 65,190 others (1.6);
 99,144 could not declare an ethnicity

The death rate was higher than the birth rate in 2010, but has since slowly reversed.
Religion 
A 2012 survey showed these are the major religions in the oblast:

References 

 
1934 establishments
Ray Fisher (born September 8, 1987) is an American movie, television and stage actor. He is best known for his roles in the comedy The Good, the Bad and the Confused. Ray played Muhammad Ali in Will Power's Fetch Clay Make Man in 2013. 

He is mainly known for playing Victor Stone / Cyborg in the DC Extended Universe such as in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and in the upcoming Justice League. Sometime in 2020, Fisher will be in a Cyborg movie.

References

Other websites
 
 

1987 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Baltimore
Actors from New Jersey
Twitch (service) streamers
Martin Gray (born Mieczysław Grajewski; 27 April 1922 – 25 April 2016) was a Polish Holocaust survivor. He was born in Warsaw. He emigrated to the West, and has published books in French about his experiences during World War II in which his family was killed in Poland. Gray's first book, For Those I Loved (Au nom de tous les miens), became a bestseller.

He moved to Belgium in 2001. On 25 April 2016, he was found dead in his swimming pool at his home in Ciney, Belgium. He died of a suspected heart attack. He was aged 93.

References

Other websites
 Martin Gray official Website
 A Biography of Martin Gray 

1922 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Holocaust survivors
Writers from Warsaw
Harris Llewellyn Wofford, Jr. (April 9, 1926 – January 21, 2019) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1991 to 1995.

Career 
Wofford was also the fifth president of Bryn Mawr College from 1970 to 1978, served as Chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party in 1986, as Pennsylvania Secretary of Labor and Industry in the cabinet of Governor Robert P. Casey from 1987 to 1991 and was a surrogate for Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. 

He introduced Obama in Philadelphia at the National Constitution Center before Obama's speech on race in America, A More Perfect Union.

Personal life 
In 1948, Wofford married Clare Lindgren and they later had three children. She died in 1996. In 2016, Wofford announced that he would marry Matthew Charlton, his companion of many years.

Wofford died on January 21, 2019 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. from complications of a fall at the age of 92.

References
References

Other websites
Harris Wofford Global Citizen Award
Peace Corps biography of Harris Wofford 
Trailer for upcoming documentary on Harris Wofford

1926 births
2019 deaths
United States senators from Pennsylvania
Politicians from New York City
American LGBT rights activists
American civil rights activists
American LGBT politicians
Bisexual people
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Jory Prum (January 31, 1975 – April 22, 2016), also known as Jory K. Prum, was an American audio engineer. He was best known for his work in movie and video games. He was the owner of a recording studio located in the San Francisco Bay Area. He worked many games but most famously The Walking Dead, The Wolf Among Us, and Brütal Legend.

Prum was killed in a motorcycle accident on April 22, 2016 in San Francisco, California, aged 41.

References

Other websites
 Official site 

1975 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths in the United States
Engineers from California
American audio engineers
Manuel de la Torre (6 October 1921 – 24 April 2016) was a Spanish-born American golf teacher. He was thought as being one of golf's top teachers. His career includes playing on tour, head golf professional at Milwaukee Country Club one of America's most famous golf clubs, and a career of teaching both tour professional and amateur golfers. He was born in Madrid, Spain.

Career
Among the tour professionals he has taught are Masters champion Tommy Aaron, U.S. Women's Open champion Carol Mann, du Maurier Classic champion Martha Nause and Women's British Open champion Sherri Steinhauer. He was the first member of the PGA to be awarded their Teacher of the Year Award in 1986. He was one of only several golf instructors to be inducted into both the World Golf Teachers Hall of Fame as well as the PGA Hall of Fame.
De la Torre won many golf tournaments, including the Wisconsin State Open five times and the Wisconsin PGA Professional Championship five times. He was elected to the Wisconsin Golf Hall of Fame in 1975. In 1999 he was inducted into the Northwestern University Athletic Hall of Fame.

Death
De la Torre died on 24 April 2016 at his home in Milwaukee, Wisconsin from complications of a stroke, aged 94.

References

Other websites
Official site 

1921 births
2016 deaths
American golfers
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Wisconsin
Naturalized citizens of the United States

Sportspeople from Madrid
Fallout 4 is an action role-playing video game which was created by Bethesda Game Studios and released by Bethesda Softworks. It is the fifth video game in the Fallout series and was released around the world on November 10, 2015 for Microsoft Windows as well as the consoles PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

The game is set in the year 2287, in the city of Boston. It is played after a fictional nuclear war destroys the world in 2077. 

Fallout 4 was officially announced in June 2015. It was generally given good ratings by critics. The Microsoft Windows version of the game sold 1.2 million copies.

Related pages
 Fallout (series)

Other websites

References

Fallout series
2015 video games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
Xbox One games
The Samaritans is a charity in the United Kingdom and Ireland. They are a support group for those at risk of suicide.

History 
The Samaritans, was founded on November 5, 1953 by Chad Varah, a vicar. He started as a man "willing to listen". His approach was considered controversial at the time. "Everyone thought suicidal people were mad," he said. "But they just needed to be listened to." Today there are over 21,000 volunteers in 201 locations. Varah retired from the Samaritans in 1986.

Services 

A large amount of Samaritans' work is a telephone hotline, which is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. They also offer a drop-in service for face-to-face discussion. Samaritans also offer confidential Email support. The Samaritans volunteers are trained in counselling skills, so they do not judge people.

Confidentiality 
Samaritans have a strict code of confidentiality, even after the death of a caller. Unless the caller gives consent to pass on information, it will be broken only in rare circumstances.
International reach 
Through its email service, Samaritans' work has extended well beyond the UK and Ireland, and Australia as messages are received from all around the world.

References 

Charities of the United Kingdom
Suicide
Medical and health organisations in the United Kingdom
Amanullah Khan (24 August 1934 – 26 April 2016) was a Pakistani activist and writer. He was born in Astore. He was the founding leader of the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front. It was a pro-independence militant activist group in the former state of Jammu and Kashmir. 

He was the co-founder of the Kashmir Independent Committee in 1963. He was elected Secretary General of JK Plebiscite Front (PF) in 1965. He Co-founded the JK National Liberation Front (NLF) with Maqbool Bhat.

Khan died on 26 April 2016 at a hospital from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, aged 82.

References

Other websites
 Profile at JKLF web site
 Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front at the South Asia Terrorism Portal
 Pakistan: Activities of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.

1934 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Pakistani writers
Pakistani activists
Disease-related deaths in Pakistan
The Lego Batman Movie (seen as The LEGO Batman Movie) is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated superhero comedy movie. It is directed by Chris McKay and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Chris Miller. The movie is written by Seth Grahame-Smith.

Background
It is a spin-off of the 2014 movie The Lego Movie. It is based on the DC Comics character Batman. It will star Will Arnett as Batman, Ralph Fiennes as Alfred, Michael Cera as Robin, Rosario Dawson as Batgirl, Zach Galifianakis as The Joker, and Mariah Carey as the Mayor of Gotham City.

The movie was released in the United States on February 10, 2017 through Warner Bros. Pictures.
Cast
 Will Arnett as Batman / Bruce Wayne
 Zach Galifianakis as Joker
 Michael Cera as Dick Grayson / Robin
 Rosario Dawson as Barbara Gordon / Batgirl
 Ralph Fiennes as Alfred Pennyworth
 Héctor Elizondo as Commissioner James Gordon
 Jenny Slate as Dr. Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn
 Mariah Carey as Mayor McCaskill
 Billy Dee Williams as Harvey Dent / Two-Face
 Conan O'Brien as Edward Nygma / The Riddler
 Jason Mantzoukas as Dr. Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow
 Doug Benson as Bane
 Zoë Kravitz as Selina Kyle / Catwoman
 Kate Micucci as Basil Karlo / Clayface
 Riki Lindhome as Pamela Isley / Poison Ivy
 Channing Tatum as Clark Kent / Superman
 Jonah Hill as Hal Jordan / Green Lantern
 Adam DeVine as Barry Allen / The Flash
 Eddie Izzard as Lord Voldemort
 Seth Green as King Kong
 Jemaine Clement as Sauron
 Ellie Kemper as Phyllis
 Chris Hardwick as Television reporter
Reviews
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the movie has an approval rating of 97% based on 35 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to on reviews, the movie has a score of 75 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

References

2017 comedy movies
2010s superhero movies
2010s action comedy movies
2017 computer-animated movies
American superhero movies
American action comedy movies
American animated movies
Animated Batman movies
Lego movies
The Lego Movie (franchise)
Warner Animation Group movies
Warner Bros. Animation movies
Warner Bros. movies
Klaus Siebert (29 April 1955 – 24 April 2016) was a German biathlete and biathlon coach. Hed raced for East Germany. 

Siebert won a silver medal at the 1980 Olympics in Lake Placid, New York on the relay with the East German relay team. In the Biathlon World Championships, Siebert has two gold medals with the East German relay team in 1978 and 1979, and a bronze medal from 1977. He also has three individual medals gold medal from the 20 km in 1978 and two bronzes from the 10 km in 1975 and 1978.

Siebert died on 24 April 2016 from lymphoma in Altenberg, Germany, aged 60.

References

1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Coaches
Deaths from lymphoma
East German sportspeople
Sport shooters
Sportspeople from Saxony
Lucy Muthoni Kibaki (1940 – 26 April 2016) was a Kenyan socialite and philanthropist. She was the wife of former Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki. They were married in 1962. She was the First Lady of Kenya from 2002 to 2013. Kibaki was known for supporting disadvantaged and disabled people. She chaired the Organization of the 40 African First Ladies Against HIV/Aids.

Kibaki died on April 26, 2016, at Bupa Cromwell Hospital in London from a heart attack after suffering from a long-illness, aged 75.

References

1940 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Kenyan people
African philanthropists
Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden tightening of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils because of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which can be very mild to severe. Bronchospasms can be caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis and anaphylaxis. 

Bronchospasms are a serious potential complication of placing a breathing tube during general anesthesia. Some of the things that can cause bronchospasms are: consuming foods, taking medicines, allergic responses to insects, and hormone levels, particularly in women.

References

Breathing problems
Mei Baojiu () (29 March, 1934 – 25 April, 2016) was a Chinese contemporary Peking opera artist. He was also a performer of the Dan role type in Peking Opera and Kunqu opera. He was the leader of Mei Lanfang Peking Opera troupe in Beijing Peking Opera Theatre.  Mei’s regular performances of opera include Farewell My Concubine, Guifei Intoxicated (貴妃醉酒), Lady General Mu Takes Command (穆桂英挂帅), The story of Yang Guifei (太真外传), Luo Shen (洛神), and Xi Shi (西施).

On 31 March 2016, Mei was hospitalized in Beijing because of bronchospasm. He died on 25 April 2016, at the age of 82.

References

1934 births
2016 deaths
Chinese singers
Asian opera singers
People from Shanghai
Malick Sidibé (born 1935 or 1936 – April 14, 2016) was a Malian photographer. He was known for his black-and-white studies of popular culture in the 1960s in Bamako. During his life, Sidibé gained an international fame and was considered, along with Seydou Keïta, Mali's most famous photographer. His work has been the subject of a number of publications and been exhibited throughout Europe, and in the United States. 

Sidibé died on April 14, 2016 of complications from diabetes in Bamako, aged 80.

References

1930s births
2016 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Malian people
Photographers
Éverton Augusto de Barros Ribeiro (born 10 April 1989), known as Éverton Ribeiro, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger for Emirati club Al-Ahli, and the Brazil national football team.

Formed at Corinthians, after a loan at São Caetano he was sold to Coritiba in 2011, winning the Campeonato Paranaense in both of his seasons. He also won Série A twice at Cruzeiro, being voted the best player of each season, and joined Al-Ahli for €15 million in 2014.

A full international since 2014, Ribeiro repesented Brazil at the 2015 Copa América.

1989 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
2022 FIFA World Cup players
The muriquis, or woolly spider monkeys, are the genus Brachyteles. There are two species, the southern (B. arachnoides) and northern muriqui (B. hypoxanthus) muriquis. The name "muriqui" comes from a native Tupi word meaning 'largest monkey'.

They are the two largest New World monkeys. The northern muriqui is one of the most endangered monkeys in the world.  They are seen only in some forests in Brazil.

The adult muriqui is 15-23 inches (38–58 cm) long and weighs from 10-20 pounds (4.5-9 kilos) They are colored from brown to black and the bottom of their tails have no fur near the end.

Muriquis live in groups from four to 43. They do not fight about their territory. They mostly eat leaves. They sometimes eat fruit and flowers in the rainy season, as well as bark, bamboo, ferns, nectar, pollen, and seeds.

References

Further reading
Further reading

Other websites
 Conservation of the Muriqui from Brazil 
 Southern muriqui at ARKive 
 Northern muriqui at ARKive 
 Primate Info Net Brachyteles Factsheet
 Southern Muriqui Home Page  - Pró- Muriqui Association

New World monkeys
Mammals of South America
A Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon) is a member of the family and genus of large salamanders.

The salamanders may grow up to  long, and are found in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Apart from their large size, they are like the mole salamander family (Ambystomatidae).

Most salamanders are silent but the Pacific giant salamander can make noise. The adults can live on land or in water.

The genus has four species: Cope's giant salamander (D. copei), the Idaho giant salamander (D. aterrimus), the coastal giant salamander (D. tenebrosus), and the California giant salamander (D. ensatus).

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Tree of Life: Dicamptodontidae 
 Dicamptodon at CalPhotos

Salamanders
The azure kingfisher (Alcedo azurea) is a small kingfisher (), in the river kingfisher family, Alcedinidae. It lives in parts of Australia and Tasmania, as well as New Guinea and some nearby islands. Even out to North Maluku and Romang.

It is named for the azure color on its back. Its feet are red with only two front toes. White spots between the eyes and beak may help it scare predators.
The azure kingfisher lives at the side of bodies of water such as creeks, lakes, swamps, tidal estuaries and mangroves. It can dive quickly from a perch above water. It feeds on freshwater crayfish and small fish. It builds its nest in a chamber up to 1 meter long in a creek bank. 5–7 white, round eggs. Its call is a high-pitched, 'pseet-pseet'.

References
References

Further reading
 Morcombe, Michael K. (2000): Field Guide to Australian Birds. Steve Parish Publishing, Archerfield, Australia. ISBN 1-876282-10-X
 Slater, Peter; Slater, Pat & Slater, Raoul (1989): The Slater Field Guide to Australian Birds (Revised Edition). Weldon, Sydney, Chicago. ISBN 0-947116-99-0
 Pizzey, Graham (1980): A field guide to the birds of Australia. Collins, Sydney. ISBN 0-00-219201-2
 Schodde R. & Mason I.J. (1976): Infra-specific variation in Alcedo azurea Latham (Alcedinidae). Emu 76(1): 161–166.  (HTML abstract)
 Woodall, Peter: (2001): 77. Azure Kingfisher. In: del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (editors): Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 6 (Mousebirds to Hornbills): 237, plate 19. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-30-X

Other websites 

Coraciiformes
Birds of Oceania
Austin Reed Dillon (born April 27, 1990) is a professional NASCAR driver. He currently drives the No. 3 Chevrolet Camaro for Richard Childress Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. In addition, he also drives the No. 10 Camaro for Kaulig Racing in the NASCAR Xfinity Series.

References 

1990 births
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from North Carolina
Living people
Kasey Kahne (born April 10, 1980) is a retired American professional NASCAR driver. After retiring from NASCAR, Kahne has stayed active as a race team owner and part time driver in the World of Outlaws series with his team Kasey Kahne Racing.

NASCAR Career
From 2011 until 2017, Kahne drove the #5 Farmers Insurance Chevrolet SS for Hendrick Motorsports. In 2018, Kahne left Hendrick Motorsports and signed up to drive for Leavine Family Racing. During the 2018 season Kahne started to become ill during races. Due to the long length of the races, he started to suffer from dehydration. Kahne's doctors told him he should not continue to race, so he decided to retire from racing in NASCAR.

References

NASCAR drivers
Living people
People from Washington (state)
1980 births
American racecar drivers