Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Banknotes

Private bank issues, 1896–1914
Four private banks, the Banco Anglo–Costarricense, the Banco Comercial de Costa Rica, the Banco de Costa Rica and the Banco Mercantil de Costa Rica, issued notes between 1864 and 1917.

The Banco Anglo–Costarricense was established in 1864 and issued notes from 1864 to 1917. It later became a state-owned bank and in 1994 went bankrupt and closed. Notes were issued in denominations of 1, 25, 50, and 100 pesos as well as 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 colones. Some 1, 5, 10 and 20 colon notes (unsigned and undated) were released in 1963 when the bank celebrated its 100th anniversary. Some had Muestra sin Valor ("sample without value") printed on them in order to nullify the legal tender status and to prevent people from selling them. Most, however, didn't have that printed on them, which makes it harder nowadays to find notes with the seal.
The Banco de Costa Rica was established in 1890 and issued notes from 1890 to 1914. It is currently a state-owned bank. Notes were issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 pesos as well as 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 colones.

The Banco Comercial de Costa Rica issued notes between 1906 and 1914 in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 colones. The Banco Mercantil de Costa Rica issued notes between 1910 and 1916, also in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 colones.

Government issues, 1897–1917
The government issued gold certificates in 1897 for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 colones. Between 1902 and 1917, it issued silver certificates for 50 centimos, 1, 2, 50 and 100 colones.
Banco Internacional, 1914–1936
In 1914, the Banco Internacional de Costa Rica introduced notes in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 colones, to which 25 and 50 centimos, 1 and 2 colones were added in 1918. Although 25 centimos were not issued after 1919, the other denominations continued to be issued until 1936. After 1917, the Banco Internacional's notes were the only issued for circulation.

Banco Nacional, 1937–1949
In 1937, the Banco Nacional de Costa Rica took over paper money issuing and issued notes for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 colones until 1949. Many of the early notes were provisional issues overprinted on notes of the Banco Internacional, including the 1 colón notes which were briefly issued.
Banco Central, 1950–
The Banco Central de Costa Rica began issuing paper money in 1950, with notes for 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 colones. The first notes were provisional issues produced from Banco Nacional notes (unsigned and undated). The Central Bank printed on them the corresponding signatures and dates, and the legend "BANCO CENTRAL DE COSTA RICA" over "BANCO NACIONAL DE COSTA RICA". Regular issues of notes began in 1951, but a second provisional issue of 2 colon notes was made in 1967. 1000 colon notes were added in 1958, followed by 500 colones in 1973, 5000 colones in 1992, and 2000 and 10,000 colones in 1997.
Whenever a banknote of a specific denomination is changed (design, security features, colour, etc.), a new series is released. Every banknote issued by this bank measures approximately 6.6 cm x 15.5 cm. Every note also has the serial and series numbers printed in red ink. Exceptions occurred with:
 2 colones provisional issue: black
 5 colones provisional issue: orange
 10 colones provisional issue: blue
 500 colones series B: black
 1000 colones series A issue: dark blue

Every issue also features the signatures, date, and the agreement number printed in black.

The 1983 "Z" series of the 20 colón note was an experimental issue of the American Banknote Company which made the notes out of a polymer. To date, this has been the only Costa Rican note made of that material.

Banknote reform
Banknote reform

Since 2012, Costa Rican banknotes are undergoing a reform and are being replaced by a new model. Two new denominations were introduced as part of the reform; 20,000 and 50,000 colones. The old notes will all be withdrawn from circulation and be replaced by new ones. The new banknotes will have different colors, shapes and images than their predecessors. All the denominations have a different length so that people with visual impairments can recognize the banknotes easily.
Currency peg
On February 6, 2011, the United States dollar was worth 508.11 colones. The colón has had an unusual relationship with the U.S. dollar that may best be described as a "crawling peg"; instead of being defined by a constant value to the dollar, the colón instead would grow progressively weaker at a fixed rate of about 3.294 colones per dollar per month. On October 16, 2006, however, this crawling peg was modified due to weakness in the U.S. dollar and the perception that the colón is now undervalued. The exchange rate is now free to float within a currency band referenced to the United States dollar.  The floor of the band has been set at a fixed value, while the ceiling changes at a fixed rate.  In practice the exchange rate has remained fixed at the lower value of the currency band.
Since October 17, 2006 the colón is no longer bound to controlled devaluations (known in Costa Rica as minidevaluaciones) by the Central Bank of Costa Rica. With the new system, sistema cambiario de bandas, the exchange rates posted by the Central Bank are a "reference" and each authorized financial institution can determine their value independently in hopes that the free market will provide a mechanism to keep them reasonable.

Nicknames
The colón is sometimes referred to as the peso, which was the name of the Costa Rican currency before the colón, until 1896. This is very common across Latin American countries, where most have (or had at some point) currencies called pesos. Another nickname is caña (Spanish for sugar cane, plural cañas) but this nickname is more often used in plural for amounts under 100 colones. For example: 5 cañas, 10 cañas, 20 cañas. This term has become less popular.
Teja (roof tile in Spanish) is used as another nickname. It means one hundred colones. For example: five hundred colones are called "cinco tejas". "Teja" can also be used for 100,000 colones. "Media Teja" (half a roof tile in Spanish) is used for 50 colones or 50,000 colones.

The one thousand colones note is called "un rojo" (one red) because of its red color.

References

Other websites
  Official site of the Central Bank of Costa Rica
 The Museum of the Central Bank of Costa Rica
 cambiodeldolar.com-Alternative up to date information about the exchange rate of the Costa Rican Colón to the United States Dollar.
  

colon
Currency of North America
1896 establishments in North America
19th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Sainte-Mélanie is a municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Joliette Regional County Municipality. It is located along the western shores of the L'Assomption River.

History
Sainte-Mélanie used to be part of the territory of the Ailleboust Seignory, which was given to Jean d'Ailleboust d'Argenteuil (1694-1785) in 1736. By 1800, Pierre-Louis Panet (1761-1812) was Lord of Ailleboust. His daughter Charlotte-Mélanie Panet (1794-1872) may have been the source of the name Sainte-Mélanie, also a reference to Melania the Younger (383-439). Charlotte-Mélanie's husband, Marc-Antoine-Louis Lévesque (1782-1833), donated the land in 1814 for a chapel that was built in 1830. The Parish of Sainte-Mélanie was founded in 1832. Four years later, in 1836, the post office opened under the name Daillebout.

Sources

Cities and towns in Quebec
The Assomption River (in French , named after the Assumption of Mary) is the most important waterway in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. It is over  long. It has a drainage basin of . It flows from the Mont Tremblant massif. Seven significant rivers flow into the Assomption (de la Boule, Versailles, Noire, la Chaloupe, Ouareau, Saint-Esprit, and Achigan) before it flows into the Rivière des Prairies at Repentigny, Quebec.

About 150000 people live in the drainage area of this river.

Rivers of Canada
Geography of Quebec
The long-tailed river stingray (Plesiotrygon iwamae), also known as the antenna ray, is a species of freshwater stingray in the family Potamotrygonidae.

These animals have a long tail, small eyes, and few pectoral-fin radials.

They eat worms, crustaceans, mollusks, and small bottom fish (such as small catfish). They can detect electrical and chemical signals from prey in mud and sand.

The species was mentioned in 1987 by Hugo P. Castello from Museu de Zoologia, University of São Paulo. Examples were then found in other museums that had been given wrong names or identified incorrectly.

This fish does not appear often in the aquarium trade.

References

Other websites
 Species Description of Plesiotrygon iwamae at www.shark-references.com

Rays
Freshwater fish
Lofn is a goddess in Norse mythology. Lofn is described in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. She is described as a gentle woman who arranges marriages. She survived the Ragnarök, the battle at the end of the world to determine the fate of the gods.

Norse gods and goddesses
The Hawthorne effect is a form of reactivity. When the group which is under study knows about the study and their behavior changes after knowing that they are being studied, this change of behavior is the Hawthorne effect. For example: a group of 10 people are being studied for their health after exercising. Without knowing that they are being studied, they do or not do exercise, but after knowing that they are being studied they regularly do exercise. 

Sociology
Cognition
Episodes
Season 1
 Bad Hair Day
 Ape Foo Young
 Booty and the Beast
 Barrel, Barrel… Who's Got the Barrel
 Kong for a Day
 Raiders of the Lost Banana
 From Zero to Hero
 Buried Treasure
 Cranky's Tickle Tonic
 Get a Life, Don't Save One
 Orangutango
 Double Date Trouble
 The Curse of Kongo Bongo
 Speed
 Klump's Lumps
 Bluster's Sale Ape-Stravaganza
 Legend of the Crystal Coconut
 Kong Fu
 I Spy with My Hairy Eye
 Bug a Boogie
 Watch the Skies
 Baby Kong Blues
 Ape-Nesia
 The Big Chill Out
 To the Moon Baboon
 A Thin Line Between Love & Ape
Season 2
 Hooray for Holly-Kongo Bongo
 The Kongo Bongo Festival of Lights
 Speak No Evil, Dude
 The Day the Island Stood Still
 Monkey Seer, Monkey Do
 Four Weddings and a Coconut
 Follow That Coconut
 Vote of Kong-Fidence
 The Big Switch-A-Roo
 Hunka Hunka Burnin' Bluster
 Best of Enemies
 It's a Wonderful Life
 Just Kidding
 Message in a Bottle Show
Broadcast
Nickelodeon Nick Jr. and Noggin (United States), Teletoon and Nickelodeon (Canada), Disney Channel (United Kingdom), 

1997 television series debuts
1990s animated television series
Donkey Kong
1997 establishments in Canada
1997 establishments in France
2000 disestablishments in North America
2000 television series endings
2000s disestablishments in France
2000 disestablishments in Europe
Pac-Man was an animated television series that aired on ABC. It was created by Hanna-Barbera. It was based on the video game series of the same name. It aired from 1982 to 1983. Two seasons of 21 episodes were aired.

The show followed Pac-Man, his wife Pepper, their child Pac-Baby, their dog Chomp-Chomp, and their cat Sour Puss. They live in Pac-Land, a place built mostly of spheres and sphere-like shapes. Episodes were mainly about the Pac family and their battles with their enemies, the Ghost Monsters. The Ghost Monsters were Blinky, Inky, Pinky, Clyde, and Sue. They worked for Mezamaron, whose goal was to locate and control the Power Pellets. The Power Pellets were the food and power source for Pac-Land.
Two special episodes aired. The first one was the Pac-Man Halloween Special, which was two Halloween episodes of the show. It aired in primetime on October 30, 1982. The second was Christmas Comes to Pac-Land, which was a Christmas special where Pac-Man and his family had to help Santa Claus after he crash-landed in Pac-Land.

Other websites
 
 

1982 television series debuts
Animated television series
Cerro Chirripó is the highest mountain peak of Costa Rica. This mountain is in Chirripó National Park. It is known for its biodiversity. From the mountain, it is possible to see both the Carribean Sea and the Pacific Ocean at the same time on a clear day.

References

Geography of Costa Rica
Mountains of North America
Serampore () (also called Serampur, Srirampur, Srirampore, Shreerampur, Shreerampore, Shrirampur, Shrirampore) is a city and a municipality in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. It is a town on the right bank of the Hoogly River.

Serampore was a colony of Denmark (what is known as Danish India) under the name Frederiksnagore from 1755 to 1845, when it became a British colony.

Demographics 
In the 2011 census,the population of Serampore was of 183,339 personas, of which 94,514 (52%) were male and 88,825 (%) were female; 12,817 (7%) were under 6 years of age. Those that could read and write were 153,460 (8%): 81,592 men (86% of men) and 71,868 women (81% of women).

Universities
 Serampore College 
 Serampore Textile Engineering College
 Suro Bharati Sangeet Kala Kendra (All India Board of music and fine arts Education)
 Serampore Girls' College

References
References

Other websites 
Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority 

Cities in West Bengal
San Isidro de El General is a city in Costa Rica. It is the capital of Pérez Zeledón canton in the province of San José. It is located 130 km from San José and 212 km from Paso Canoas, a border town with Panama.

References

Cities in Costa Rica
San José Province
1892 establishments in North America
19th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Eau de toilette is a kind of perfume used to make skin smell nice. It is also called "aromatic waters". It is based on alcohol, its main ingredient. It is usually used on the skin after bathing or shaving. It is considered a "weak" and cheap version of perfume. Toilet water is defined as a dilute perfume (perfume is only ingredient mixed with alcohol and few other lowering the production cost). It was originally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils.

References

Perfumery
Newmarket is a town in Ontario, Canada. It is north of Toronto. The town was founded in 1801. Actors John Candy and Jim Carrey were born here.

References

Towns in Ontario
1801 establishments
1800s establishments in Canada
Trecento was the Italian word for the Italian culture during the 14th century.

Characteristics

The Trecento is considered the beginning of the Italian Renaissance cultural movement. It is sometimes called Proto-Renaissance.

One of the most important centres of art and architecture in this period is Florence, a political, economical and cultural pole of Italy.

The most important artists who represent this period are Giotto, in painting, and Donatello, in sculpture. Indeed the Trecento begins with the works of the painter Giotto and includes Taddeo Gaddi, Orcagna, Altichiero and the sculptor Nicola Pisano.

In 1334 Giotto was appointed chief architect to Florence Cathedral, of which the "Campanile" (founded by him on 18 July 1334 AD) bears his name, but was not completed to his design. Most of the famous Florence Cathedral, an architecture masterpiece, was built during the Trecento.

Important sculptors included two pupils of Giovanni Pisano: Arnolfo di Cambio and Tino di Camaino, and Bonino da Campione.
The Trecento was also famous as a time of heightened literary activity, with writers working in the vernacular instead of Latin. Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio were the leading writers of the age. Dante produced his famous La Divina commedia (The Divine Comedy), a summation of the medieval worldview, and Petrarch wrote verse in a lyrical style influenced by the Provençal poetry of the troubadours.

In music, the Trecento was a time of vigorous activity in Italy. Musicians and composers of the Trecento included the renowned Francesco Landini, as well as Maestro Piero, Gherardello da Firenze, Jacopo da Bologna, Giovanni da Cascia, Paolo "Tenorista" da Firenze, Niccolò da Perugia, Bartolino da Padova, Antonio Zachara da Teramo and Matteo da Perugia.

Related pages
 Duecento
 Quattrocento
 Cinquecento
 Italian Renaissance art

Bibliography
 Burke, Peter. The Italian Renaissance: Culture and Society in Italy. Princeton University Press. Princeton, 1999.

References

Renaissance
14th century in Italy
Socotra (Somali: Suqadara,  ) is an island east of the Horn of Africa. It lies between the Guardafui Channel and the Indian Ocean. Although Socotra belongs to Yemen, in 2018 it was taken over by the United Arab Emirates.

Geography
To its west it is joined by an archipelago of much smaller islands. It is also named the Islands of San Gustav after the navigator who discovered them, Gustav Peter Galle Daniels. It is located  east of the Horn of Africa and  south of the Arabian Peninsula.

Climate
Socotra has a borderline tropical, desert climate and semi-desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWh and BSh), with an average yearly temperature over . With a total of only , the yearly rainfall is light but is fairly spread throughout the year. The total rainfall in the mountains can average as much as  per year and can average over  per month from October to December, during the northeast monsoon. The southwest monsoon season from June to September brings strong winds and high seas.
Wildlife
The island is very isolated and some 30% of its plant species are found only on Socotra. It has been described as the most alien-looking place on Earth. The island is  in length and  in width.

Country
Socotra belongs to the Republic of Yemen. From late 2017 to mid-2018, Socotra was occupied by the United Arab Emirates. In 2018, the island was also occupied by Saudi Arabia.  The Emiratis and later the Saudis came to Socotra because of the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present).  Since 2017, Socotra is no longer under the control of the internationally recognized Yemeni government. The island is under the control of the UAE and under the authority of the sessecionist Southern Transitional Council which is supported by UAE troops.

Related pages
Galápagos Islands, an archipelago of Ecuador which is also famous for its isolated geography and plant and animal species

References

Indian Ocean
Islands of Africa
Geography of Yemen
The Ice Sports Forum is the official practicing ice area of the National Hockey League's Tampa Bay Lightning. The forum has two NHL approved rinks and a laser tag arena. It is located in Brandon, Florida.

The Ice Sports Forum is the home of the USF Ice Bulls, an ACHA Division III hockey club.

Trivia

In 2001, the forum's No Bull adult ice hockey team won the national championship.
Called the "official practice facility of the Tampa Bay Lightning," the team actually practices at the Forum usually when the Tampa Bay Times Forum is being used for an event (concert, etc.).

Other websites
Ice Sports Forum Official Website 
USF Ice Bulls

Tampa Bay Lightning
Sports buildings in Florida
The Paper is a 1994 comedy movie. It was directed by Ron Howard. The movie is about people who work for a newspaper in New York City. It involves personal affairs between members of staff. The movie stars Michael Keaton as Henry, Glenn Close as Alicia Clark and Marisa Tomei as Henry's wife Martha. The Paper was well liked by critics but earned less than $50 million at the box office.

1994 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Ron Howard
English-language movies
Yasujirō Ozu (12 December 1903 – 12 December 1963) was a Japanese movie director. He made many movies. These include Tokyo Story in 1953. His movies show Japanese families and their lives. 

Movie directors from Tokyo
1903 births
1963 deaths
Even Cowgirls Get the Blues is a 1993 drama-comedy-romance movie. It is about homosexuality, use of drugs and political rebellion. It stars Lorraine Bracco as Delores Del Ruby, Uma Thurman as Sissy and Roseanne Barr as Madame Zoe. The movie was not liked by critics.

1993 romantic comedy movies
1993 comedy-drama movies
1993 romantic drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic drama movies
1990s English-language movies
Beit HaNassi ("President's House" in Hebrew), also known as Mishkan HaNassi ( "Presidential Residence") is the main residence of the President of Israel. It is in Jerusalem. The building was opened in 1971, after the Israeli government approved a state home for the president. In 2011, renovations were started after defects were found in the building.

Other websites 

  President of Israel  - official website

Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Government buildings in Israel
Addicted to Love is a 1997 American romantic comedy movie set in New York City. It is about manipulation and revenge. The movie stars Meg Ryan as Maggie and Matthew Broderick as Sam. Addicted to Love was released in May 1997. It got both good and bad reviews by critics.

References

Other websites 

1997 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Indian movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Movies directed by Griffin Dunne
A pyramid is a three-dimensional shape. It has triangular sides that come together in a point at the top, call the "apex". The other side is a base, which is shaped as a polygon of any number of sides.

A pyramid with a square base (bottom), and four triangle faces, is called a square pyramid.  A pyramid with a triangular base is called a triangular pyramid or tetrahedron. A tetrahedron with four equilateral triangles is one of the Platonic solids.

The formula for the volume of a square pyramid is . This means that one must find the volume by multiplying the base (B) by the height (h), then dividing the product by three.
The base is also known as the product of the length and the width, thus this formula could alternatively be written as . Either way works, but the technical formula for the volume of a pyramid is the former, due to its use of the capital B, which is shorthand for length and width as stated before.

Polyhedra
A pyramid is a building is the shape of a pyramid.

Pyramid might also mean:
 Pyramid (geometry), a 3-dimensional shape with triangular sides that come together in a point
 Egyptian pyramids, ancient structures located in Egypt
 Pyramid (game show)
 "Pyramids" (song), a song by Frank Ocean
 Pyramid scheme, a business model
 A hierarchy, the structure of an organisation
The People Power Revolution was a historic event that happened in the Philippines from 22 to 25 February 1986. It is also known as the EDSA Revolution, the Philippine Revolution of 1986, and the Yellow Revolution. This case of nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand Marcos from presidency and the restoration of the country's democracy. It is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution because of the presence of yellow ribbons during the demonstrations following the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.. It was widely seen as a victory of the people against the 20-year running authoritarian, repressive regime of then president Ferdinand Marcos and made news headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".

References

1986 in Asia
1980s in the Philippines
20th-century rebellions
February events
20th-century protests
Rebellions in Asia
The Land of Israel ( , ; ) is a name for the region also known as Canaan, Palestine or the Holy Land. The name comes from the Torah and the Bible. The area is in the Middle East, and covers the southern part of the Levant.

Before the rise of the Kingdom of Israel, the region was called the Land of Canaan (the home of the Canaanites). In the Bible, the land was referred to as the ’Promised Land’ or the ‘Holy Land’.

Other websites 

Divided regions
Bible
Ancient Israel and Judah
Israel
Middle East
Zionism
Eparchy is the name of a diocese in  the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches. An eparchy is headed by a bishop, who is called eparch. Churches with the Byzantine Rite (or the Rite of Constantinople) also have eparchies.

Christian terminology
Church organization
In Ancient Rome the term eparchia was used to refer to a province in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire. Today, the term is used for different concepts:
Provinces of Greece used to be called Eparchies, until they were abolished, in 1997. 
Districts of Cyprus are called Eparchies.
Dioceses of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Eastern Catholic Church, and a few other churches of the East are called Eparchies
Gibbsite, Al(OH)3, is one of the mineral forms of aluminium hydroxide. It is often designated as γ-Al(OH)3 (but sometimes as α-Al(OH)3). It is also sometimes called hydrargillite (or hydrargyllite). It is an important ore of aluminium, and one of the main parts of the rock Bauxite.

References

Minerals
Tel Aviv University (TAU) ( ) is a university in Israel. It is in Tel Aviv, in the Ramat Aviv neighborhood, next to the Land of Israel Museum. It is the second-largest university in Israel, after the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Museum of the Jewish People is on the university campus.

People who studied there 
 Benny Gantz, minister and general
 Isaac Herzog, president
 Ilan Ramon, astronaut
 Ariel Sharon, prime minister and general
 Ghil'ad Zuckermann, linguist

Other websites 

 - Introduction , and History .
American Friends of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv University donor group 
The Devil Is Not So Black as He Is Painted: BAR Interviews Israel Finkelstein Biblical Archaeology Review
Leon Recanati Graduate School of Business Administration at the TAU website
TAU in the News  – an unofficial, alternative website for news about Tel Aviv University and Israeli academia in general
 Tel-Aviv University Botanical Garden 

Tel Aviv University
Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Haifa University is a public university in Haifa, Israel. It was opened in 1963, several years after the opening of the Tel Aviv University. The university's faculties are located in a big tower on the Mount Carmel viewing the Carmel Forest.

Other websites 

The University of Haifa homepage (English) 

Haifa University
Buildings and structures in Haifa
Ben-Gurion University is a public university in Israel. The university was opened in 1970 in Beer Sheba next to the Soroka Medical Center.

Other websites 

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev website 

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
1970 establishments in Asia
Beer Sheba
1970s establishments in Israel
In 1869, Professor Dmitri Mendeleev created the first periodic table of chemical elements. He arranged the elements from the lightest one to the heaviest one. When he proposed his periodic table, he placed empty spaces between some elements. He said that the empty spaces were for undiscovered elements. Mendeleev had also predicted the properties of these undiscovered elements.

Naming the undiscovered elements
Mendeleev gave temporary names for the undiscovered elements. He used the prefixes eka-, dvi- and tri- and combined it with any known elements in the same group with the undiscovered element. Eka-, dvi- and tri- are numbers 1, 2 and 3 in the Sanskrit language. The use of the prefix depends on how far the known element is from the unknown element. For example, germanium was called eka-silicon because silicon is placed one row above germanium, and rhenium was called dvi-manganese because manganese is placed two rows above rhenium. The names of these elements were changed after they were discovered.
Other scientists use the eka- prefix, too. Eka- is also used in the names of elements that Mendeleev did not predict. Before francium was discovered, it was called eka-caesium, and before astatine was discovered, it was called eka-iodine. The eka- prefix is also used to name transuranic elements (elements after uranium). For example, ununoctium is also called eka-radon, and untriennium (element number 139) is also called eka-actinium. Today, the IUPAC uses the systematic element name to give new elements a temporary name. This new way of naming elements depends on the atomic number of the element. It does not depend on the position of the element in the periodic table.

References

Periodic table
Christopher Jones (about 1570 – about 5 March 1622) was Master of the Mayflower when the ship carried the Pilgrims to North America in 1620.

Early life 
Jones was born about 1570 to Christopher and Sybil Jones of Harwich, co. Essex, England. The Harwich records for the year of his birth are missing. Christopher was his father's eldest son. He lived in a house on High Street. Jones was eight years old when his father died. Christopher was left his father's share in the ship Marie Fortune when he turned eighteen. His brother Roger was left an eighth part and stock in another ship, the Centurion, when he turned eighteen. Christopher's mother married Robert Russell on 20 September 1579.
Marriages 
On 23 December 1593, Jones married Sarah Twitt, the daughter of a fairly wealthy Harwich merchant.  She lived across the street from Jones in Harwich. Within a year of their marriage in St. Nicholas's Church, Harwich, they had a son, Thomas. The boy was baptized on 1 December 1595. He died a few months later on 17 April 1596. Sarah's father died in 1599, leaving Christopher and Sarah Jones a twelfth share in the ship Apollo. Sarah died in 1603. She was buried on 23 May 1603 in Harwich.

Six months after his wife's death, Jones married Josian Gray in St. Nicholas' church. She was the widow of Richard Gray, and the daughter of Thomas Thompson. Both men were ship owners and Harwich merchants. The Joneses had eight children, four born in Harwich and four born in Rotherhithe where the family moved in 1609.
Community life 
By the time of his first wedding, Jones' father had died. He left Jones his share in the ship Mary Fortune. Sarah Twitt received £20 and a twelfth share in the ship Apollo at her father's death. In 1601, Jones was elected freeman of the Borough of Harwich. He served as tax assessor and jury member in Harwich.

His name is listed as one of the 24 capital burgesses on the Great Charter granted to the Borough by James I in 1604. In 1605, he was accused of keeping hunting dogs (greyhounds), an interest open only to gentlemen whose land was valued at more than 40 shillings per year.

Seafaring career 
With what wealth he had acquired through inheritance and marriage, Jones was able to pursue a seafaring career. He built the ship, Josian, named after his wife. He traded between England and Europe with voyages to Norway, Bordeaux, and Rochelle. He carried woolen cloth on outward bound voyages and wine on return trips.
Jones was part owner in the Mayflower. He had been the master of the ship for about 11 years when it was hired to carry the Pilgrims to North America. Jones and his 102 passengers and 30-40 crew members left Plymouth, England in September 1620. They arrived in North America in November. Jones remained in the New World through a harsh winter and returned to England in the spring of 1621.

Death 
Jones' wintering in the New World very likely undermined his health. He died about 5 March 1622. His burial is recorded in the Parish Register of St Mary's church, Rotherhithe, as 5 March 1622. His house still stands in Harwich on King's Head St.

Notes

References 
 
 

1570 births
1622 deaths
Mayflower passengers
English sailors
The California Attorney General is the State Attorney General for the State of California.  The main duty of the Attorney General is to ensure that the laws of the state are enforced. The Attorney General is in charge of the California Department of Justice.

The Attorney General is elected to a four-year term. They can only be re-elected one time.  The election is held at the same statewide election as the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Controller, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and Insurance Commissioner. 

The current Attorney General is Rob Bonta.

List of attorneys general of California

References

Government of California
This is a list of people who have been Attorneys General of California.

Other websites
 List of Attorneys General of California (with brief biographies and pictures)

Government of California
Attorneys General
The Secretary of State of California is the chief elections officer of that U.S. state.  The Secretary of State is also responsible for the California State Archives, as well as chartering corporations.  The Secretary of State is elected to four year terms, concurrent with the other constitutional officers of California, and is restricted by term limits to only two terms.  The incumbent, Alex Padilla, took office on January 5, 2015. He was elected on November 4, 2014 and his term will end on January 7, 2019.

Other websites
California Secretary of State's official website
History of California Constitutional Officers
2006 Candidates for Secretary of State 
Government of California
Debra Lynn Bowen (born October 27, 1955), is an American politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was the Secretary of State of California from 2007 to 2015. Before that, she was a member of the California State Legislature from 1992 to 2006. In March 2008, she was given the Profile in Courage Award by the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Bowen was unable to run for a third term in 2014 because of term limits.

Sources

Politicians from California
1955 births
Living people
Politicians from Rockford, Illinois
State legislators of the United States
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ciudad Quesada (Quesada City) is a city in Costa Rica. It is the capital of the district of Quesada in the San Carlos canton of Alajuela. Ciudad Quesada is the official name (formerly La Unión) but is commonly called San Carlos (like the canton). Ciudad Quesada is the most populated city of the canton of San Carlos.

The city is the region's economic and political center. Ciudad Quesada and the neighboring area produces 65% of all the milk that the nation of Costa Rica uses.

References

Cities in Costa Rica
Alajuela Province
1991 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Steak tartare is a dish which is produced using finely chopped or ground meat of beef or horse. In Belgium and Luxembourg the dish is called filet américain. The meat used for producing steak tartare is usually of a very high quality. The name refers to the Tatars, who are said to have had meat under their saddle when riding. Because the dish is usually eaten raw, there are health concerns: The meat may have been contaminated with bacteria or parasites. These risks can be reduced when folling basic rules of hygiene and by using fresh meat.

References

Meat dishes
Alajuela is the second largest city in Costa Rica. It is the capital of Alajuela Province. It is the birthplace of Juan Santamaría (the national hero of Costa Rica). It is also the birthplace of Carlos Luis Fallas. Juan Santamaría International Airport of Costa Rica is south of Alajuela's downtown.

Cities in Costa Rica
Alajuela Province
1782 establishments in North America
Establishments in Costa Rica
Cruel Intentions is a 1998 American romantic teen drama movie set in New York City. It is about seduction, manipulation and lies. 

Sarah Michelle Gellar plays Kathryn Merteuil, Ryan Phillippe plays her stepbrother Sebastian Valmont, Reese Witherspoon plays Annette Hargrove, Selma Blair plays Cecile Caldwell and Swoosie Kurtz plays Regina. Cruel Intentions got mixed reviews while playing in theaters, though it made close to $76 million. The movie became a cult favorite in the years after its release.

Release dates

Other websites 

1999 LGBT movies
1999 romantic drama movies
1990s teen drama movies
1990s teen romance movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Narcissism in fiction
Teen LGBT movies
Nâzım Hikmet Ran (15 January 1902 – 3 June 1963), commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet, was a Turkish poet, playwright and novelist. He was well liked for the "lyrical flow of his statements". Hikmet  was often arrested for his political beliefs. He spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile. His poetry has been translated into more than fifty languages.

References

1902 births
1963 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Turkish poets
Thessaloniki
Santa Rosa National Park is a national park in Costa Rica. It is in the northwestern part of Costa Rica, in the Guanacaste Province. It was originally made to protect the place where the Battle of Santa Rosa happened. It is  north of Liberia city.

National parks in Costa Rica
Guanacaste Province
Ariel University is a public university in Ariel, a Jewish settlement in the West Bank. It used to be called the "Ariel University Center of Samaria". The university was founded in 1982.

Other websites 
Ariel University Center of Samaria
Friends Of Ariel University Center 
Ariel University R&D Company Ltd, the technology transfer company of Ariel University Center, Israel

1982 establishments in Asia
Buildings and structures in Palestine
Colleges and universities in Israel
West Bank
John Alden (c. 1599 – 1687) was a passenger on the ship Mayflower. He was hired in England to be the cooper (barrel-maker) aboard the ship during her 1620 voyage. It is not known when or where he was born.

The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. The Mayflower was supposed to land in the Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.

Alden was one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact in November 1620. In Plymouth Colony, he became an assistant to the Governor.

Alden married Priscilla Mullins on 12 May 1622. They had ten children. He died on 12 September 1687.  John and Priscilla were buried in the Myles Standish Burial Ground in Duxbury, Massachusetts.

References
References 

1599 births
Mayflower passengers
1689 deaths
People buried in the Myles Standish Burial Ground, Duxbury, Massachusetts
San José is a province of Costa Rica. It is in the central part of the country. The provincial capital, and the national capital since 1823, is the city of San José.

Location
The San José province borders with the Alajuela and Heredia provinces to the north, with the Cartago and Limón provinces to the east; and the Puntarenas to the south and the west.

Geography
San José is in the central part of the country. The province has an area of .

The main mountains in the province are Turrubares, Camora, Cangreja, Nara, Cerro de la Muerte, San Jerónimo and Las Vueltas.

Some of the rivers that flow through the province are Grande de Candelaria, Pirrís, Virilla, Naranjo, División, Chirripó, General y Pejibaye.

Demographics
People from the province are known as josefinos (women:josefinas).

The San José province had a population, in 2011, of 1,404,242 for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The canton of San José, with 288,054 inhabitants, is the canton with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in San José province

Administrative divisions
The San José province is divided in 20 cantons, which are divided into 124 Districts.

Gallery

References
Frankie Stein is a fictional character on the television series Monster High. They are the child of Frankenstein. The character is voiced by Kate Higgins. 

Frankie is 15 days old. They are clumsy, polite, and athletic, but a good friend. Frankie has black and white hair. Their body is made of stitches and bolts. They are the new ghoul at Monster High. Their best ghoul friends are Draculaura and Clawdeen wolf. When they are nervous their bolts begin to spark and give people a bit of a shock. 

Television characters
Devourment is an American death metal band from Dallas, Texas.

Members

Current members
 Mike Majewski – vocals
 Ruben Rosas – guitars
 Chris Andrews – bass
 Eric Park – drums

Discography

Studio albums
Molesting the Decapitated – United Guttural (1999)
Butcher the Weak – self-released (2005)
Butcher the Weak re-recording – Brutal Bands (2006)
Unleash the Carnivore – Brutal Bands (2009)
Conceived in Sewage – Relapse Records (2013)

Demos and compilations
Impaled demo (Corpse Gristle Records) 1997
1.3.8. (Corpse Gristle Records, Unmatched Brutality, Displeased Records, Night of the Vinyl Dead) 2000

References

Other websites 
 Devourment  at Myspace
 Devourment at Encyclopaedia Metallum
 Devourment at Last.fm

American heavy metal bands
Death metal bands
Relapse Records is an independent record label based in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania.

American record labels
The Supreme Director of Chile was the person in charge of Chile's government after its independence from Spain. Several juntas also ruled the country during this period. The title came before the President of Chile.

Supreme Directors

Related pages
President of Chile

Government of Chile
Limón y Sal ("Lemon and Salt") is the fourth studio album released by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas.

Track listing

^ Additional Production * Co-producer

Personnel

 Julieta Venegas - vocals, background vocals accordion, acoustic guitar, keyboards, programming
 Juanchi Baleiron - acoustic guitar, electric guitar, baritone guitar
 Cachorro López - Baritone guitar, electric guitar (electric), bass, keyboards, composer
 Coti Sorokin - Guita (electric), bass, vocals (background), composer
 Dany Ávila - Drums
 Guille Vadalá - Bass, banjo
 Ernesto Snajer - Guitar (acoustic), teen-strings guitar
 Facundo Guevara - Percussions
 Dante Spinetta - Vocals, composer
 Juan Blas Caballero - Programming, keyboards, guitar (electric)
 Jorge Villamizar - Composer
 Juan Cruz de Urquiza - Flugelhorn, trombone
 Matias Sorokin - Slide guitar
 Anita Tijoux - Vocals, vocals (background), composer
 Sebastián Schon - Keyboards, programming
 Sviatoslav Poloudine - Cello
 Pepito Mezclero - Scream

Production
Production

 Producer: Cachorro López
 Co-producers: Coti Sorokin, Julieta Venegas
 Engineers:  Cachorro López, Coti Sorokin, Julieta Venegas
 Mixing: César Sogbe
 Mastering: José Blanco
 A&R direction: Guillermo Gutiérrez-Leyva
 A&R coordination: Gilda Oropeza
 Photography: Gustavo Di Mario
 Design: Alejandro Ros
 Hair: Alejandra Campos
 Makeup: Victoria Santillán
 Style: Sergio De Loof

Chart

Weekly charts

Certifications

|-
!scope="row"|Chile (IFPI Chile)
|Gold
|- 
!scope="row"|Colombia (ASINCOL)
|Gold
|-

|-
!scope="row"|Venezuela (APFV)
|Gold
|-

Year-end charts

Awards

Latin Grammy

Grammy Award

Release history

References

2006 albums
Julieta Venegas albums
Spanish-language albums
Sí ("Yes") is the third album by the Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. She co-produced the album with Cachorro López and Coti Sorokin.

Sí (Edición Especial)

Singles

Andar Conmigo (2003)
Lento (2004)
Algo Está Cambiando (2004)
Oleada (2005)

Personnel

 Julieta Venegas - Vocals, vocals (bckgr), accordion, drum machine, keyboards, guitar (acoustic), guitar (electric), wurlitzer
 Coti Sorokin - Guitar (acoustic), guitar (electric), bass, vocals (bckgr)
 Adrían Schinoff - Keyboards, programming
 Matías Sorolin - Slide guitar, vocals (bckgr)
 Juan Blas Caballero - Programming, keyboards, scratches
 Sebastían Schon - Guitar (electric), keyboards
 Cachorro López - Bass
 Javier Casalla - Violin

Production

 Producers: Cachorro López, Coti Sorokin
 Co-producer: Julieta Venegas
 Engineers: Cachorro López, Coti Sorokin
 Mixing: César Sogbe
 Assistant mixing: Sebastián Schon
 Mastering: Don Tyler
 A&R direction: Guillermo Guitiérrez
 A&R coordination: Gilda Oropeza
 Photography: Eduardo Martí
 Design: Ros
Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Certifications

Awards

Latin Grammy Award

Premios Oye!

Grammy Award

Release history

References

2003 albums
Julieta Venegas albums
Spanish-language albums
A growth factor is something in the body that allows or deny cells to grow. These factors are normally made up of cell hormones or other proteins within the body. All growth factors occur naturally within cells and are necessary for the cell life progression and death.

History
The first growth factor discovered and publicly recognized was in 1986. It was recognized in the form of a Nobel Prize. The award was given to Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen.

References

Cell biology
Proteins
Pope Gregory III (; died 28 November 741) was an Syrian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 90th Pope from 11 February 731 to 28 November 741.

Early life
Gregory was born in Syria, but the date of his birth is not known.

Pope 
Gregory was elected pope in 731.  During his reign, the issue of iconoclasm or image worship was an important controvery.

After the reign of Gregory III, there were no other non-European popes until Pope Francis in 2013.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 
   "Gregory III", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
  Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence

Year of birth unknown
741 deaths
Popes
Pope Gregory III
King Kong vs. Godzilla is a 1962 Japanese comedy-horror action adventure fantasy monster movie. It was produced by Toho Studios. It is the third Godzilla movie and first Japanese King Kong as well as a third movie of the series. It is the first time Godzilla and King Kong appear together in a movie, and the first time they appear in color. The movie involves Godzilla and King Kong fighting on Mount Fuji after King Kong fights a giant octopus and Godzilla attacks Japan.

The movie has the highest box office figures of any Godzilla movie. It sold 11.2 million tickets and made ¥350,000,000. The movie was produced as a part of Toho's 30th anniversary celebration. It was later released in the United States in the summer of 1963.

References

Other websites
 

Monster movies
Japanese movies
1962 movies
Giant gorilla movies
Multilingual movies
Godzilla
King Kong
Movies directed by Ishirō Honda

Universal Pictures movies
Cyclothymia is a mental illness characterized by mood swings - a mood disorder. The disease is a milder version of bipolar disorder. The mood swings are usually less extreme. Mood swings can be spontaneous, or triggered by an event. 

Cyclothymia is also an old name for bipolar disorder.
 

Bipolar disorder
The Evening Star is a 1996 romance comedy-drama movie. It is about a dysfunctional family in Houston, Texas. Shirley MacLaine plays Aurora Greenway, Juliette Lewis plays Melanie Horton and Miranda Richardson plays Patsy Carpenter. This movie was released on Christmas 1996 in the United States. It is a sequel to Terms of Endearment The Evening Star got negative reviews from critics. It performed poorly at the box office. The movie is set in the years between 1988 and 1993.

1996 romantic comedy movies
1996 romantic drama movies
1996 comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
1990s English-language movies
Being Julia is a 2004 romance drama movie. Annette Bening stars as Julia. This movie is set in 1938 in London, England. Its subjects are sarcasm, seduction and finding true love. The movie got positive reviews from the critics.

2004 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
British romantic drama movies
Canadian romance movies
Canadian drama movies
Hungarian movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies directed by István Szabó
Rhode Island Sound is an area of sea off the coast of Rhode Island, New England.

Other websites
Map

Atlantic Ocean
Geography of Rhode Island
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the People's Republic of China is agency that controls foreign exchange market activities, and manages Chinese foreign exchange reserves valued at $3.2 trillion. The current director is Yi Gang.

Role
SAFE's was kept in secret from world and its actions were often anonymous. In last decade the agency became so big it it had to come out from hiding and open up for media. SAFE is making a lot of investing on forex and commodity market. The head office is located in Bejing and it is closely connected to ruling party.

References

Agencies
1978 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in China
Organizations based in the People's Republic of China