Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The island stopped being a part of Britain in 1981. It is now a country with Barbuda.

References

Other websites 
 Government of Antigua and Barbuda
 Antigua Barbuda Department of Tourism

Caribbean islands
Geography of Antigua and Barbuda
Tropical Storm Melissa was the thirteenth named storm of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It was a short-lived storm that formed southwest of the Cape Verde islands, remaining weak because of high wind shear. It dissipated without affecting any land areas. It was only notable for being the eighth named storm of September 2007, which tied the record for the month of September.

Storm history
Storm history

The system began as a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on September 26. An area of low pressure formed on September 27 near Cape Verde in association with the wave, and convection slowly increased as a result of the low. Early on September 28, a rapid increase in convection and a well-organized outflow pattern allowed the low to develop into Tropical Depression Fourteen while about 115 miles (185 km) west-southwest of the southernmost Cape Verde Islands. Since the depression was far removed from the subtropical ridge and an upper-level low pressure area was sitting to the north, steering currents were weak at first and the depression moved very slowly on a general west-northwest track. Vertical wind shear from the west also slowed down development. Small amounts of strengthening took place early on September 29 as convection increased in the system, and the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Melissa.
Like previous storms Ingrid and Karen, high wind shear in the deep tropics delayed Melissa's development. Operationally, Melissa was briefly upgraded to 45 mph (75 km/h) late on September 29 as some satellite estimates showed a slightly stronger storm with deeper convection, but Melissa was found to have been weaker in the post-storm analysis, remaining at 40 mph (65 km/h). By early on September 30, wind shear began to severely increase and a weakening trend began. That morning, the increased shear, combined with cooler sea surface temperatures, weakened Melissa to a tropical depression with a poorly-defined surface center as it continued to move west-northwest at a somewhat faster speed. The system lost its deep convection and by the afternoon of September 30, Melissa degenerated into a remnant low as thunderstorm activity decreased. After the circulation dissipated, the remnant low continued its general west-northwest track south of a rebuilding subtropical ridge in the central Atlantic
. The low produced discontinuous amounts convection until it was absorbed by a frontal zone late on October 5 northeast of the Leeward Islands.
Impact and records
Melissa remained away from land during its lifespan, never threatening any land areas. There were no ship reports of tropical storm-force winds as a result of Melissa. No damage or deaths were reported.

When Tropical Depression Fourteen was upgraded to Tropical Storm Melissa on September 29, it was the eighth named storm to form in the month of September. That tied a record for the month of September, which was first set in the 2002 season.

Related pages
 2007 Atlantic hurricane season

References

Other websites

 NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Melissa

2007 Atlantic hurricane season
Atlantic tropical storms
September events
Seventy-one is a number. It comes between seventy and seventy-two, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number.

Integers
Prime numbers
Neso also known as Neptune XIII, is the farthest non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman, Brett J. Gladman, et al. on August 14, 2002, though it went unnoticed until 2003. 

Neso orbits Neptune at a distance of more than 48 million km, making it the farthest known moon of any planet.

It follows a very inclined and very eccentric orbit illustrated on the diagram in relation to other irregular satellites of Neptune.  

Neso is about 60 km in diameter, and assuming the mean density of 1.5 g/cm3. Its mass is estimated at 1.6 kg.

Given the similarity of the orbit's parameters with Psamathe (S/2003 N 1), it was suggested that both non-spherical moons could have been a bigger moon that broke up.

Neso is named after one of the Nereids. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Neso was known by its designation S/2002 N 4.

Other websites
Matthew Holman's Neptune's page
David Jewitt's pages
Scott Sheppard's pages
Neso in Fiction

Neptune's moons
A weather front is a boundary in between two masses of air of different densities, and is the main cause of significant weather. In surface weather analyses, fronts are depicted using various colored lines and symbols.  The air masses separated by a front usually differ in temperature and humidity.

Cold fronts may feature narrow bands of thunderstorms and severe weather, and may on occasion be preceded by squall lines or dry lines.  Warm fronts are usually preceded by layered precipitation and fog.  The weather usually quickly clears after a front passes.  Some fronts produce no precipitation and little cloudiness, although there is usually a wind shift.

Meteorology
The subtropical ridge is a large belt of high pressure around 30ºN in the Northern Hemisphere and 30ºS in the Southern Hemisphere. It is characterized by mostly calm winds. Air flows out from its center toward the upper and lower latitudes of each hemisphere, creating both the trade winds and the westerlies.

Other websites
Webster's Online Dictionary 
Physical Geography - The Global Environment 
Winds and the Global Circulation System

Meteorology
Tropical cyclones
Vorticity is a mathematical concept used in fluid dynamics. It can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" (or more strictly, the local angular rate of rotation) in a fluid.

The average vorticity in a small region of fluid flow is equal to the circulation  around the boundary of the small region, divided by the area A of the small region.

Notionally, the vorticity at a point in a fluid is the limit as the area of the small region of fluid approaches zero at the point:

Mathematically, the vorticity at a point is a vector and is defined as the curl of the velocity:

One of the base assumptions of the potential flow assumption is that the vorticity  is zero almost everywhere, except in a boundary layer or a stream-surface immediately bounding a boundary layer.

Because a vortex is a region of concentrated vorticity, the non-zero vorticity in these specific regions can be modelled with vortices.
Further reading
 Batchelor, G. K., (1967, reprinted 2000) An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge Univ. Press
 Ohkitani, K., "Elementary Account Of Vorticity And Related Equations". Cambridge University Press. January 30, 2005. 
 Chorin,  Alexandre J., "Vorticity and Turbulence". Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol 103, Springer-Verlag. March 1, 1994.  
 Majda, Andrew J., Andrea L. Bertozzi, "Vorticity and Incompressible Flow". Cambridge University Press; 2002. 
 Tritton, D. J., "Physical Fluid Dynamics". Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 1977. 
 Arfken, G., "Mathematical Methods for Physicists", 3rd ed. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. 1985.
Other websites
 Weisstein, Eric W., "Vorticity". Scienceworld.wolfram.com.
 Doswell III, Charles A.,  "A Primer on Vorticity for Application in Supercells and Tornadoes". Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, Norman, Oklahoma. 
 Cramer, M. S., "Navier-Stokes Equations -- Vorticity Transport Theorems: Introduction". Foundations of Fluid Mechanics.
 Parker, Douglas, "ENVI 2210 - Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics, 9: Vorticity ". School of the Environment, University of Leeds. September 2001. 
 Graham, James R.,  "Astronomy 202: Astrophysical Gas Dynamics". Astronomy Department, UC, Berkeley. 
 "The vorticity equation: incompressible and barotropic fluids ". 
 "Interpretation of the vorticity equation ". 
 "Kelvin's vorticity theorem for incompressible or barotropic flow ". 
 "Spherepack 3.1". (includes a collection of FORTRAN vorticity program) 
 "Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) Real-Time Model Predictions". (Potential vorticity analysis)

Fluid mechanics
Barbuda is an island in the eastern Caribbean, and forms part of the state of Antigua and Barbuda. It has a population of about 1,500, most of whom live in the town of Codrington.

Barbuda is located north of Antigua, in the middle of the Leeward Islands. To the south are the islands of Montserrat and Guadaloupe, and to the north and west are Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Barts, and St. Martin.

Caribbean islands
Geography of Antigua and Barbuda
David Émile Durkheim (April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917) was a French sociologist. He is known for his contributions to sociology and anthropology. He is considered as one of the founding fathers of sociology. He thought that sociology should be scientific.

Life
Durkheim was born in the eastern French province of Lorraine. He studied at École Normale Supérieure. He made contributions on topics such as education, crime, religion, suicide, and many other topics related to sociology.

Durkheim died in Paris, aged 59.

Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe

Other websites 
 Biography of Émile Durkheim

References 

1858 births
1917 deaths
19th-century French philosophers
20th-century French philosophers
Agnostics
French anthropologists
French atheists
French socialists
French sociologists
Jewish atheists
Jewish French academics
Jewish philosophers
People from Épinal
Writers from Grand Est
Popcorn is a snack food made by heating certain kinds of corn. There is a small amount of water inside the seeds, which causes them to explode. When the seed shell breaks a sharp noise is made. The name "pop" is because of this noise. After it pops it is white and fluffy.

Salt and melted butter are often added to popcorn. Sometimes caramel and other flavors are melted and mixed into the popcorn.

Popcorn is a popular food to eat at the cinema.

Kernel choking 
Many accidents of choking on popcorn kernels were reported. This is because the popcorn kernel does go into the airway and throat, and gets stuck. Many people want other people to take kernels out of the popcorn for children.

Pre-popped and home popped
Popcorn that is already popped when you buy it is usually tastier and puffyer than just buying popcorn kernals and popping them with a microwave

References
References 

Who Invented Microwave Popcorn?
How was Popcorn Discovered? The History of Popcorn 
Who Invented the First Commercial Popcorn Machine?
https://www.nasimahealth.com/carbs-in-popcorn/ 
Snack foods
The SBD Dauntless (SBD means Scout Bomber Douglas) was a dive bomber made by Douglas Aircraft Company (now Boeing) during World War II. It first flew in 1940 and was introduced the same year. It was made from the Northrop BT. The Dauntless's first bombing in the war happened on December 10, 1941. The target was a Japanese submarine.

The SBD-3 Dauntless was a unique American dive-bomber. This was used by the U.S. Navy in many ship attack missions, such as the Battle Of Midway. It was credited for sinking the Akagi, and many other Japanese aircraft-carriers and other battleships. This dive-bomber had unique airbrakes to prevent it from ripping apart at high speeds. These air brakes were painted in a bright red, which was a noticeable feature of the SBD-3. Also, the SBD was a carrier based aircraft, meaning it had an arrester hook, and many antennas for communication.
In the War, the Dauntless was used to take off aircraft carriers and attack enemy ships and submarines.
The SBD-5 (5th version) could go 255 miles per hour (410 kilometers per hour), and it had a Wright R-1820-60 Cyclone air-cooled radial piston engine with 1,200 horsepower. It had two 12.7 mm and two 7.62 mm machine guns and it could carry one bomb or torpedo. It weighed around 6,404 pounds (2,905 kilograms) to 10,699 pounds (4,853 kilograms). It could fly for 1,115 miles (1,795 kilometers) without running out of fuel. It could go as high as 25,525 feet (7,780 meters) above the ground.
 
The Dauntless was retired in the late 1940s.

References 

United States Navy aircraft
SBD
United States Marine Corps aircraft
French military aircraft
World War II American aircraft
John Bardeen (23 May 1908 – 30 January 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. He is the only person to win two Nobel Prizes in Physics.

Early life
Bardeen was born in Madison, Wisconsin. His father, Charles Bardeen was a Professor at the Medical School of the University of Wisconsin. He completed his bachelor's degree and master's degree in Electrical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He completed his PhD in Physics at Princeton University in 1936.

Works
Bardeen worked with William Shockley and Walter Brattain to invent the transistor on 23 December 1947. They shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1956.

Later, Bardeen worked with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer. They created the BCS theory of superconductivity, named after them. For this work they shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1972.

Bardeen was a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1951 to 1991.
References 
 Hoddeson, Lillian and Vicki Daitch. 2002. True Genius: the life and science of John Bardeen. National Academy Press.

Other websites 
 Biography from PBS

1908 births
1991 deaths
American electrical engineers
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Madison, Wisconsin
American theoretical physicists
Reconnaissance, sometimes called scouting, is the act of exploring to gain military information. Often referred to as recce (UK, Canada and Australia, ) or recon (U.S., ), the associated formal verb is reconnoitre (British spelling) or reconnoiter (American spelling).  In informal English, both recce and recon are often also used as a verb. The term is sometimes used in civilian / paramilitary and various government contexts.

Reconnaissance-in-force 

Often, units sent out for reconnaissance are armed only for self-defense. They rely on stealth to gather information. Others are well-enough armed to also deny information to the enemy by fighting and or destroying their reconnaissance parties.
Reconnaissance-in-force (RIF) is a method of probing an enemy's position. An attack, even with a small force, may get a strong reaction by the enemy. Hopefully that reveals the enemy's strength, deployment, and other tactical information. The RIF commander can fall back with the information or expand the conflict into a full engagement. Other methods consist of hit-and-run tactics using moving very fast. In some cases light-armored vehicles are used for added fire superiority, as the need arises.

References 

Military terminology
A Cape Verde-type hurricane is an Atlantic hurricane that develops near the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. The average hurricane season has about two Cape Verde-type hurricanes, which are usually the strongest storms of the season because they often have plenty of warm open ocean over which to develop before coming across land.

Tropical cyclones
The Windward Islands are the southern islands of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. They are south of the Leeward Islands.

The Antillean Windward Islands from north to south are:
Dominica
Martinique (an overseas department of France)
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent
Grenadines
Grenada

Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago are not part of the Windward Islands.

Caribbean islands
Batista is a Spanish or Portuguese surname. Notable persons with the name include:

 Batista (footballer, born 1955), Brazilian football player
 Dave Bautista, American actor and professional wrestler, also known as Batista
 Edina Alves Batista, Brazilian football referee
 Eike Batista, Brazilian mining businessman
 Felix Batista, American security expert who was kidnapped in 2008
 Fulgencio Batista, Cuban general, president, and dictator
 Miguel Batista, Dominican baseball player
 Randas Batista, Brazilian medical doctor and cardiac surgeon
 Sergio Batista, Argentine football player and coach
 Tony Batista, Dominican baseball player
 Wesley Batista (born 1972), Brazilian billionaire businessman
 William Batista, Brazilian footballer

Fictional characters
 Angel Batista, a character in Dexter
Related pages
 Batiste (disambiguation)
 Baptiste (disambiguation)
 Baptista (disambiguation)
 Baptist (disambiguation)
 Batista (grape), Spanish name for the French wine grape Canari noir
 Batista procedure, a surgical operation
 Batiste (surname)
 Battista
 Bautista

References
A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The certificate itself usually includes some or all of the following information:

Birth name
Date and time of birth
Sex of the child
Place and/or location of birth
Names of the parents of the child
Occupations of parents of the child
Birth weight and length
Name of informant registering the birth
Date of registration of birth
A birth registration number or file number

Most countries have statutes and laws that regulate the registration of births. In the United States, it is the responsibility of the mother's physician, midwife, or a hospital administrator to prepare the official birth certificate.

The birth certificate itself is not proof of a person's identity, but only a record stating that a birth occurred at the time, date, and place stated on the certificate.
To prove one's identity, a person may need a photo ID, generally issued to an adult.

Related pages
Vital record
Passport

Other websites
Other websites 

U.S. Standard Birth Certificate
Florida Short Form (Computer Certification) Birth Certificate Sample 
Florida Long Form (Photocopy) Birth Certificate Sample 
U.S. Birth Certificates: Long Form vs. Short Form

Identification documents
Vital records are records of life events. They include birth certificates, marriage licenses, and death certificates.  In some jurisdictions, vital records may also include records of civil unions or domestic partnerships.  In modern times these would be state-held records, though prior to civil registration these were often church-held records.

Other websites
Where to Write for Vital Records in the US - National Center for Health Statistics

Documents
Tzitzernavank Monastery (, Swallows Monastery) is an Armenian monastery in the region of Kashatagh (under control of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic). The monastery dates from the fourth to sixth centuries and recognized as a native Armenian example of an “oriental” architectural type.

The church of St. Gregory was reopened after a restoration in 1999-2000.

Other websites 
Tzitzernavank, The Armenian Studies Program, Csufresno.edu 
Dzidzernavank , Adriano Alpago Novello, ARCHITETTURA ARMENA - Catalogo della MOSTRA DI ARCHITETTURA ARMENA tenuta a Bergamo, presso il Palazzo della Ragione, 1975 - Torino
Photoes of Tzitzernavank at RAA official site

References 

Monasteries
Armenian Apostolic Churches
Republic of Artsakh
1st millennium buildings and structures
Hérens is a district in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
 Ayent
 Evolène
 Hérémence
 Les Agettes
 Mase
 Nax
 Saint-Martin
 Vernamiège 
 Vex
The district of Leuk in the canton of Valais contains the following municipalities:

1The municipalities of Guttet and Feschel were combined on October 1, 2000
Martigny is a district in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Bovernier 
 Charrat 
 Fully 
 Isérables 
 Leytron 
 Martigny 
 Martigny-Combe 
 Riddes 
 Saillon 
 Saxon 
 Trient
Mariner 10 was a robotic NASA space probe. It was launched on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It passed Mercury three times and photographed much of it. Mariner 10 is no longer working today but is still orbiting the Sun. It was launched about two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program. Mariner 10 was the first space probe sent to Mercury.

References 

Mariner program
Venus
Mercury (planet)
Spacecraft launched in the 1970s
Saccharide can mean different things:
Saccharides are the anions and salts of the sweetener saccharin (sodium saccharide, denatonium saccharide). Saccharin is sometimes used to replace sugar.
Saccharide is a general synonym for sugars. Common kinds of sugar are monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.
Fender is a well known company that produces guitars and bass guitars. These are sold all over the world. The founder is Leo Fender. Fender makes the Stratocaster and Telecaster guitars; and the Precision and Jazz basses.

American music companies
Musical instrument companies
Myra is an ancient town in Lycia. The small town of Kale (Demre) is situated near it today. It is in Antalya Province of Turkey.  It was located  on the river Myros (Demre Çay), in the fertile alluvial plain between Alaca Dağ, the Massikytos range and the Aegean Sea.

Nicholas of Myra (also known as Saint Nicholas) did many things there.

Ancient settlements
Antalya Province
Metis or , is Jupiter's closest moon.

Metis was found in 1979 by Stephen P. Synnott in images taken by the Voyager 1 probe.  Its designation was .  In 1983 it was named after the mythological Metis, a Titaness who was the first wife of Zeus (the Greek equivalent of Jupiter).

Metis is not a sphere and measures 60×40×34 km across. The composition and mass of Metis are not known, but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea (~0.86 g/cm³), its mass can be estimated as ~7×1016 kg. Amalthea's density implies that moon is composed of water ice with a porosity of 10-15%, and Adrastea may be similar.

The surface of Metis is very cratered. It is dark and appears to be reddish in color.

Orbit
Metis is the closest moon to Jupiter. It orbits Jupiter at a distance of ~128,000 km.  It has a very small orbital eccentricity (~0.0002) and inclination (~ 0.06°) relative to the equator of Jupiter.7
Exploration
The images taken by Voyager 1 showed Metis only as a dot, and very little was known about Metis until the arrival of the Galileo spacecraft. Galileo took pictures of almost all of the surface of Metis and put constraints on its composition.

Other websites
Metis Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration

Jupiter's moons
The Goblin Valley State Park is a State park in the southern Utah.

Goblins
The valley, which is only about  across and  long, is full of thousands of mushroom-shaped pinnacles. These pinnacles are each a few meters high. Because of their height and shape, people referred to them as goblins. They are made of large orange-brown boulders of hard rock on top of weaker sandy layers. The sandy layers have eroded more quickly causing their shape. The "Goblins" are well hidden from the nearby road. The land to the east is flat and empty. It is near a long narrow ridge with eroded layers of grey and red-brown rocks. The far side of this empty land gives the best views of the landscape. The Goblins look as if they join with the cliffs. This gives giving the look of a strange skeletal structure with skull-like rocks and bony ridges.

The park
There are several trails passing through the park. These trails are not easy to notice and people can walk almost anywhere.
Wilderness
The land west of Goblin Valley State Park is part of the San Rafael Swell. It is similar to much of south Utah. The land is far away from most things and beautiful. It is crossed only by a few dirt tracks. 4WD vehicles are very useful here. There are many slot canyons in this area. Some of these, for example Little Wild Horse Canyon, may be explored easily.

Organizations based in Utah
State parks in the United States
The European Article Number (often shortened to EAN) is a standard to encode product numbers. The EAN is a special case of a Global Trade Item Number. The EAN is made of either 8 or 13 digits (EAN-8, and EAN-13). In many cases, the EAN allows to uniquely identify the item. Most of the time, the EAN is printed on the packaging of a product. Special scanners are able to decode these numbers. They then look up the product-specific data (such as the price) and print it on the bill, for exampe.

Note that the EAN is often encoded using a barcode (such as the ones in the example), but this does not have to be thecase. There are other machine-readable codes which can also be used.

EAN-13/GTIN-13 
The standard EAN has 13 digits. The EAN is composed of different sections:

 Country-specific part: 3 digits
 Company part
 Article number: 3-5 digits
 Checksum digit
EAN-8/GTIN-8 
The normal length of an EAN is 13 digits. There is also a shorter version called EAN-8, for small packages, where the full 13-digit number would take too much space on the package. The EAN-8 consists of:

 Country-specific part: 2-3 digits
 Article number: 4-5 digits
 Checksum digit

There are special organisations which give out both EAN-8 and EAN-13 numbers. Since EAN-8 numbers with a starting digit 2 are free use, many retailers (such as Aldi) use them for their own products. As an example, Aldi uses EAN-8 codes starting with 290 or 221; 290 and 221 are the country-specific parts "for internal use".

Barcodes
Words:
 Eta, of the Greek alphabet (Η, η)
 Eta Aircraft eta, a very high performance German glider
 Burakumin, a Japanese social minority group (Eta is an old, derogatory name)
 Eta reduction in mathematics: see lambda calculus
 Eta (Potato Chip), a New Zealand brand of potato chip, produced by Griffin's Foods
 Eta Carinae, a highly luminous hypergiant double star
 Eta meson, a physics particle: see list of mesons
 Eta (letter in Greek alphabet, lower case only), symbol for efficiency in scientific discourse
Abbreviations:
 Estimated time of arrival
 Estimated Time Amount when using μTorrent, Azureus, and other BitTorrent clients.
 Education And Training Administration, flight training software by Talon Systems
 Euskadi Ta Askatasuna () is a Basque paramilitary nationalist organization. 
 ETA SA, a watchmaking company
 ETA, a. s., electrotechnical company from Hlinsko, Czech Republic  
 Electronic Technician's Association
 Electronic Travel Authority, Australian electronic visa
Elektrosektionens Teletekniska Avdelning, An electronics club at Chalmers University, Sweden 
 Employment and Training Administration, a branch of the US Department of Labor
 Engineering and Technology Academy, a school is San Antonio, and part of NEISD
 Environmental Transport Association, a UK motor car breakdown and rescue organisation
 Eric the Actor, see Eric the Midget
 Estonian Broadcasting Agency (Eesti Teadete Agentuur), a defunct Estonian news service
 Ethiopian Teachers' Association, a trade union centre for Ethiopia
 Ethiopian Telecommunication Agency
 Evangelical Theological Association, an associated teaching institute of the Melbourne College of Divinity
 Eidiko Tmima Alexiptotiston, Greek special operations unit
 A numerical weather prediction model formally known as the Eta
Carrefour is a poor district in the Ouest Department of Port-au-Prince, Haïti. Its population is 408,000. The neighborhood is very poor and ill-serviced however as of recently, small-scale construction has gone on in the area along with street renovations. A slum called Feuilles of Carrefour is notorious for the illegal execution of eleven young men that took place there in 1999.

Geography of Haiti
Mochi is a type of Japanese confectionary made from pounded pasty rice and molded into shape. Mochi normally has a filling inside, such as ice cream, azuki (red bean) paste, and others. In Japan, mochi is often eaten in New Year's Day in one of two dishes: ozoni (お雑煮) or osiruko (おしるこ).

Mochitsuki(餅つき）

Mochitsuki is a traditional mochi-making ceremony in Japan. It requires two people. One person pounds steamed rice into the dough with a traditional mortar (臼:usu）and a mallet（杵:kine). The other person turns over rice each time it is pounded. They have to keep rhythm to make mochi well. These days, normal families rarely do classic mochitsuki, but it is still popular at community events or with children's groups.
Mochi dishes
 Yaki mochi (grilled mochi)
 Kusa mochi (mochi produced by mixing mugwort into glutinous rice and pounding the mixture )
 Kinako mochi (mochi with powdered soybeans )
 Ozoni (soup dish which contains mochi and other ingredients)
 Oshiruko (mochi in a sweet soup which is obtained by boiling red beans )

Choking hazard
Mochi can be dangerous food for old people because it is difficult to bite off and is sticky.
Many old people choke to death while eating mochi every year.
Japanese know mochi is dangerous traditional food, so the accident is one's own responsibility.

References

Other websites
 http://janmstore.com/mochitsuki.html/

Rice
Donkey Kong is an arcade video game made by Nintendo in 1981. It was designed by Shigeru Miyamoto and Gunpei Yokoi after their other games failed in North America. It is the first game starring Mario (then called Jumpman) and Donkey Kong, where Mario has to climb a construction site to save his girlfriend Pauline from Donkey Kong, an escaped gorilla.

Gameplay
The player is Jumpman (Mario).  He must climb to the top of the level to reach his girlfriend Pauline who has been kidnapped by Donkey Kong, who escaped from a zoo. There are four different levels, and Donkey Kong has different weapons in each.  Donkey Kong rolls barrels down a busted construction site, and Mario has to climb ladders and jump over these barrels until he reaches the top. He can grab a hammer to defeat obstacles, and each level has three of Pauline's things that will give him bonus points.
When Mario beats the fourth level, it goes back to the first level and it gets harder. Like all arcade games with looping levels has an end level because the game cannot go farther than that. In this, Mario dies ten seconds into the final level.

Music
The music was made by Hirokazu "Hip" Tanaka. Several remixes have been made of music from this game and used in Super Smash Bros. Brawl.

Development
Shigeru Miyamoto made Donkey Kong with the help of other people, such as Gunpei Yokoi. It was based on an older Nintendo game called Radar Scope, which did not do very well in the United States, so Hiroshi Yamauchi, the president of Nintendo, asked Miyamoto to make a game to replace Radar Scope.
Name
There are a lot of rumors about where the name comes from. One rumor says that someone misheard or mistranslated the phrase "Monkey Kong" into Donkey Kong when talking over the phone or on a fax machine.  Another rumor is that Miyamoto used a Japanese-to-English dictionary to find words that meant stubborn gorilla and came up with Donkey Kong.

Reception
When Donkey Kong was first announced in America, game magazines thought it was not going to be a good game because it was not like other games being made at the time, which were mostly shooting games. But when it came out, it got great reviews and made a lot of money at the arcades. It is one of Nintendo's most famous games ever made.

Legacy
There was a documentary made about the game called The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters where someone tries to beat the high score for the game.

A lot of items from this game are used in Super Smash Bros. Brawl. There is also a stage that copies the third level.
Sequels and re-releases
Donkey Kong has had many sequels. Donkey Kong Jr. and Donkey Kong 3 were sequels to this game.  The playable character called Mario went on to become the biggest game character of all time, making Nintendo more than 1 billion dollars and releasing more than 200 games, more than any other series. Donkey Kong went on to have his own series apart from Mario, starting with Donkey Kong Country for the Super NES.  Donkey Kong also starred in many more sequels, as well as spin-offs like the Donkey Konga music games.

Donkey Kong has been re-released many times; first on the Nintendo Entertainment System where it was the same game except that it does not have the second level. It has also appeared on other consoles including Atari consoles. A sequel came out for the Game Boy called Donkey Kong, which has the first four levels and 100 new levels after that.

Donkey Kong appeared as a bonus game in the Frantic Factory level for Donkey Kong 64.
This game has not to be confused with the Game & Watch Donkey Kong Jr. portable game console, because the history of the game is a little different. In the Game & Watch version, the main character is Donkey Kong Jr., that has to save its father Donkey Kong from Mario. This game recently released for the Nintendo DSi as a downloadable for the cost of 200 Nintendo Points.

1981 video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Mario platform games
Atari 2600 games
Apple II games
Commodore 64 games
Famicom Disk System games
Game Boy Advance games
Donkey Kong
Léogâne is the name of both a coastal city and a district in Ouest Department, Haiti. The city of Léogâne is around . The arrondissement of Léogâne contains three communes: Petit-Goâve, Grand-Goâve, and the city of Léogâne. The town was at the epicenter of the 12 January 2010 earthquake and was catastrophically affected, with 80–90% of buildings damaged. This is because the country could not afford earthquake-proof buildings as it is very poor.

The port town is about  West of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. Léogâne is the birthplace of the Taíno queen Anacaona (the town was originally called  the Amerindian name Yaguana and the city's name is a corruption of that) and of Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité, the wife of the Haitian revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758).

References

Cities in Haiti
Atlantic Beach is a city in Duval County, Florida,  United States. When the majority of communities in Duval County consolidated with Jacksonville, Florida in 1968, Atlantic Beach, along with Jacksonville Beach, Neptune Beach, Ponte Vedra Beach and Baldwin, Florida, remained quasi-independent. Like the other towns, it maintains its own municipal government but its residents vote in the Jacksonville mayoral election and have representation on the Jacksonville city council. The population was 13,513 at the 2020 census.

References

Other websites
 City of Atlantic Beach
 City of Jacksonville

Cities in Florida
1926 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in Florida
Pity means feeling for others, particularly feelings of sadness or sorrow. In a positive sense it means "sympathy" and "empathy". More commonly Pity is a negative judgement of others and their situation. An example of pity is how most people feel about the homeless. Pity and compassion are closely related words but have subtle differences. The difference is that compassion usually involves some commitment to help. Pity does not usually require any personal involvement. Sometimes pity can also have feelings of contempt and dislike that go with it. In a positive sense, and especially as practiced in many religions, it can involve feelings the person does not deserve what has happened to him or her. In this case the person feeling pity feels sorry it happened.

Related pages 
Empathy
Compassion

References 

Emotions
In climbing, the first climb to reach the top of a mountain is called first ascent. 
The risks for the climbers are often very high, because the way to the top is not known. That is why first ascents are often carefully recorded as part of the history of a mountain and usually mentioned in books about that mountain. 

Some use the words "last ascent" as a joke for a way that was no pleasure and no one wants to do it like the first climbers.

Other websites 
 Alpinist Magazine Peter Mortimer's First Ascent. Issue - 17

Rock climbing
The ZIP code is the system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS). The letters ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan. The letters are written properly in capital letters. The word ZIP was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently, and more quickly, when senders use it. The basic ZIP code is made up of five numbers. An extended ZIP + 4 code includes the five digits of the ZIP code, a hyphen and then four more digits. This lets a piece of mail to be sent to a more exact location than by the ZIP code alone. ZIP Code was a trademark of the U.S. Postal Service but its registration has since ended.

Background 
The postal service started the use of postal zones for large cities in 1943. By the early 1960s a more general system was needed. On July 1, 1963, ZIP codes were created for the whole country but they were not mandatory. In 1967, these were made mandatory for many types of mail. The system was soon used for all mail.
ZIP + 4 
In 1983, the U.S. Postal Service began using an expanded ZIP code system called "ZIP + 4", often called "plus-four codes" or "add-on codes."

Wikimedia Foundation Inc.
200 2nd Ave. South #358
St. Petersburg, FL 33701-4313

 33701 is the basic ZIP code, 4313 is the "+ 4"

A ZIP + 4 code uses the basic five-digit code plus an additional four digits to identify a geographic area inside the five-digit delivery area, such as a group of apartments, or a location which gets a large amount of mail.

Structure and allocation 

ZIP codes are numbered with the first number representing a certain group of U.S. states. The second and third numbers represent a region in that group of states or, in some cases, a large city. The fourth and fifth numbers representing a group of delivery addresses within that region. The main town in a region (if applicable) often gets the first ZIP codes for that region. Other towns are often given ZIP codes in numerical order alphabetically.
0 = Connecticut (CT), Massachusetts (MA), Maine (ME), New Hampshire (NH), New Jersey (NJ), Puerto Rico (PR), Rhode Island (RI), Vermont (VT), Virgin Islands (VI), APO Europe (AE), FPO Europe (AE)
 1 = Delaware (DE), New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA)
 2 = District of Columbia (DC), Maryland (MD), North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), Virginia (VA), West Virginia (WV)
 3 = Alabama (AL), Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), Mississippi (MS), Tennessee (TN), APO Americas (AA), FPO Americas (AA)
 4 = Indiana (IN), Kentucky (KY), Michigan (MI), Ohio (OH)
 5 = Iowa (IA), Minnesota (MN), Montana (MT), North Dakota (ND), South Dakota (SD), Wisconsin (WI)
 6 = Illinois (IL), Kansas (KS), Missouri (MO), Nebraska (NE)
 7 = Arkansas (AR), Louisiana (LA), Oklahoma (OK), Texas (TX)
 8 = Arizona (AZ), Colorado (CO), Idaho (ID), New Mexico (NM), Nevada (NV), Utah (UT), Wyoming (WY)
Related pages
 Postal code

References

Other websites 
 ZIP Code lookup webpage from the United States Postal Service.

Postal codes
United States Postal Service
Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in some European, North African, and Middle Eastern countries. Most of them also use Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3) as a summer daylight saving time.

Where it is used

Two countries uses Eastern European Time all the year: 
 Libya
 Egypt

The following countries, parts of countries, and territories use Eastern European Time during the winter only:
 Bulgaria, since 1894
 Cyprus, (Northern Cyprus abolished daylight saving and has switched to Moscow Time all year long in September 2016, but returned to EET in October 2017)
 Estonia, in years 1921-40 and since 1989
 Finland, since 1921
 Greece, since 1916
 Israel, since 1948
 Jordan
 Latvia, in years 1926-40 and since 1989
 Lebanon
 Lithuania, in 1920 and since 1989
 Moldova, in years 1924-40 and since 1991
 Palestinian territories
 Romania, since 1931
 Syria
 Ukraine, in years 1924-30 and since 1990
Moscow used EET between 1922-30 and 1991-92. In Poland this time was used between 1918-22.
Turkey, used EET between 1910-2016 except for the years 1978-85 and has switched to Moscow Time all year long.

In time of World War II MET (CET) was used in eastern countries, occupied by Germany.

Major metropolitan areas 
Athens, Greece
Beirut, Lebanon
Brasov, Romania
Bucharest, Romania
Cluj Napoca, Romania
Chişinău, Moldova
Damascus, Syria
Helsinki, Finland
Jerusalem, Israel
Kyiv, Ukraine
Lviv, Ukraine
Minsk, Belarus
Nicosia, Cyprus
Riga, Latvia
Sofia, Bulgaria
Tallinn, Estonia
Tel Aviv, Israel
Thessaloniki, Greece
Timişoara, Romania
Vilnius, Lithuania

Time zones
Thomas Leo "Tom" Clancy Jr. (April 12, 1947 - October 1, 2013) was an American writer and screenwriter. His books are thrillers about politics, spys and the military. Most of his books include many technical details about their subjects. Seventeen of his novels were best-sellers, with over 100 million copies in print. His stories take place during and after the Cold War. He owned with some other people a Major League Baseball team. Clancy also produced popular video games.

Early life 
Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. was born on April 12, 1947, in Maryland. He finished school 1965. After school he studied English Literature at Loyola College in Baltimore and finished that in 1968. He said he studied English because he was not smart enough to do physics.

Personal life
Clancy married his first wife, Wanda, in the 1970s. They have four children together and separated in 1998.

In 1993, Clancy bought with some other people the Baltimore Orioles (Baseball team) from Eli Jacobs.
In 1999, Clancy, at age 52, married the 32-year-old writer Alexandra Marie Llewellyn, on June 26. Llewellyn is a distant relative of Colin Powell.

Political views 
Clancy is known to have been politically conservative, and gave over $200,000 to Republican Party politicians.

Death 
Clancy died October 1, 2013, of heart failure at Johns Hopkins Hospital, near his Baltimore home at age 66.  Clancy is survived by his wife, Alexandra; their daughter, Alexis; and four children from a previous marriage to Wanda King: Michelle Bandy, Christine Blocksidge, Kathleen Clancy and Thomas Clancy III. His cause of death was later confirmed to be heart failure.

Bibliography 
From the books The Hunt for Red October, Patriot Games, Clear and Present Danger, and The Sum of All Fears films were made, that many people wanted to see. The first NetForce book was filmed for television.

The website IMDB says that Tom Clancy's novel Without Remorse is to be made into a movie in 2008. No other details are available (27 June 2007).
Several books that are written by other writers have Tom Clancy's name on them, because the books are written in the same way and have the same stories as his own. These are:
 Tom Clancy's Op-Center
 Tom Clancy's Power Plays
 Tom Clancy's Net Force
 Tom Clancy's Net Force Explorers
 Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell

Only two books of Clancy are not with Jack Ryan and/or John Clark.

References

Other websites 

 Transcript of interview with Deborah Norville on the War in Iraq - April 2004
 Detailed Tom Clancy Book Reviews
 Tom Clancy FAQ
 Internet Book Database of Fiction bibliography 
 1984, 1986 interviews of Tom Clancy  by Don Swaim at Wired for Books

Literary reviews and criticism 
 "Something for the Boys" by Christopher Hitchens, The New York Review of Books, November 14, 1996. A review of Clancy's Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit.
1947 births
2013 deaths
American screenwriters
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in Maryland
Republicans (United States)
Writers from Baltimore
Mount Thor is a mountain on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. It is the steepest mountain on Earth. It has a straight drop at 1,250 m (4,100 feet), with an average angle of 150 degrees.

References

Mountains of Canada
Nunavut
Waluigi is a character in Nintendo's series of Mario video games. He is the villain version of Luigi in the same way that Wario is the evil version of Mario. Waluigi is a very long, thin, tall man, who wears purple.

Characteristics
Waluigi is very tall and thin. He wears black overalls with a purple shirt, and has brown, pointed shoes. He has upside-down Ls (Γs) on hat, gloves and mustache which is a Greek letter Gamma, and is the evil counterpart to Luigi.

He was made as a partner for Wario by the company Camelot in Mario Tennis and other Mario spinoff games and has no real story behind him. He is in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U, and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as an Assist Trophy. Waluigi is known to be smarter than Wario, but acts sillier.

Appearances
Appearances

Reception
Waluigi was ranked in the tenth slot on GameDaily's top 10 Nintendo characters that deserve their own games. They also listed him as one of the top 25 video-game anti-heroes, saying that it was too bad that he has never had the spotlight.

However, he also ranked number one on the Top 10 Worst Mario Characters list from Game Daily, which said, "for every likable character there's one that continues to annoy us even years after we're done with the game they came from". Waluigi has been criticised by others as well. Cracked.com said that he was a lazy excuse to add a new villain to the spin-off games and even called him an "abomination".

References

Other websites
Waluigi on Giant Bomb

Fictional characters introduced in 2000
Mario series characters
Alexander von Humboldt  (Berlin, 14 September 1769 – Berlin, 6 May 1859) was a Prussian naturalist and explorer. Humboldt's work on botanical geography was very important in the field of biogeography.

Life 
Humboldt was born in Berlin. His father, Alexander Georg von Humboldt, was a major in the Prussian Army. He married Maria Elizabeth von Colomb in 1766. The couple had two sons, the younger was Alexander. Alexander's elder brother was the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt. 

In his childhood Humboldt already liked to collect plants, shells, and insects. Humboldt's father died very early (in 1779). From that time on his mother took care of his education.

Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled to Latin America and was the first scientist who wrote about it. He was one of the first who said that South America and Africa were once one continent. 

Late in his life he attempted to bring together different fields of science in his work Kosmos.
Honors and namesakes: Many places and species are named after him, as is the Humboldt Current.

Relevant pages 
List of science books#19th century

Other websites 
 The website of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation 
 
 Works by Alexander von Humboldt at Internet Archive
 "Lives of the Brothers Humboldt" an extensive biography available from the Million Book Project:
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie: biography of Humboldt at Wikisource

 Online version of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New World 
 "Alexander von Humboldt", from In our time, a 45 minutes BBC Radio 4 program.

References 

1769 births
1859 deaths

People from Berlin
German explorers
German geographers
Naturalists
Nike, Incorporated is a company formed in the United States. It is based near Beaverton, Oregon. 

Nike is the world’s biggest brand of sports shoes, clothes and equipment.

Nike has approximately 62,600 employees worldwide as of 2015.

Their net income is $2.7 billion and their revenue is $27.8 billion.

History
The company was founded on 25 January 1964. Nike was named Blue Ribbon Sports at first ( it changed to Nike in 1971). The original founders of Nike are Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight. The company is named after Nike, the Greek goddess of victory.

Products
Nike sells its products under its own name as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, and Team Starter. Nike also owns the brands Bauer, Cole Haan, Hurley International, and Converse. Nike, Incorporated also funds certain sports events such as the FIFA World Cup 2014.

References

Other websites
Corporate website

1964 establishments in the United States
American clothing companies

Companies based in Oregon
The pound sterling (GBP; £ or ₤), also called just the pound, is the official currency used in the United Kingdom. It is also used in British overseas territories and the British Crown dependencies of the Isle of Man, Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey. The pound is divided into 100 pence.

Today's coins are 1 penny, 2 pence, 5 pence, 10 pence, 20 pence, 50 pence, £1 and £2. The banknotes are £5, £10, £20 and £50.

As of October 2022, one pound was equal to 1.11 United States dollars.

Etymology 
A pound coin originally weighed one troy pound of sterling silver, giving the currency the name "pound sterling". "Sterling silver" means mixed metal that has 92.5% or more real silver. One pound sterling was originally divided by 240 sterling pence. This was because there are 240 pennyweights in a troy pound. So a single one–pound coin weighed one troy pound (about 373 grams) and a single 1–penny coin weighed one pennyweight (about. 1.5 gram).