Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
"Himni i Flamurit" (, meaning "Hymn to the Flag") is the national anthem of Albania. The words of the song were written by Alex Drenova, and the music of the song is derived from another song that was supposed to be the Romanian national anthem.

History
The Albanian national anthem was first published as a poem in an Albanian newspaper in Sofia, Bulgaria, on 21 April 1912. It was later printed in a volume of poems by Drenova, which was published in Bucharest, Romania. The music of the anthem was composed by the Romanian composer Ciprian Porumbescu, as he wanted to compose an anthem for socialist Romania, but was rejected.

Lyrics

References

European anthems
National symbols of Albania
The country calling code for Albania is +355
 
For domestic calls (within Albania), 0 must be dialed before the area code. The prefix for international calls from Albania is 00 (for example for an United States number 00 1 ... should be dialed). Below is an explanation when dialing a Tirana number:

Dial        2xxx xxx    (from within Tirana)
Dial     04 2xxx xxx    (from within Albania)
Dial +355 4 2xxx xxx    (from outside Albania)

History
Albania has the lowest rate of telephone use in Europe.  In 2008 there were about 10 lines per 100 people. Cellular phone use is very common throughout the country.

Numbering plan by Municipality (effective 15 September 2008)
This is a list of area codes in Albania.

Albania
Albania
This is a list of heads of state of Albania.  The head of state is named President.

Heads of State of Albania (1912–Present)

Provisional Government of Albania (1912–1914)

Principality of Albania (1914–1925)

Albanian Republic (1925–1928)

Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)

Italian Occupation (1939–1943)

German Occupation (1943–1944)

People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1944–1991)

Republic of Albania (1991–Present)

First Secretaries of the Albanian Communist/Labour Party (1941–1991)

Living former presidents

References

Albania

head of state
This is a list of prime ministers of Albania.  The current Prime Minister is Edi Rama.

Prime ministers of Albania (1912–Present)

Provisional Government of Albania (1912–1914)

Principality of Albania (1914–1925)

Albanian Republic (1925–1928)

Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)

Italian Occupation (1939–1943)

German Occupation (1943–1944)

People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1944–1991)

Republic of Albania (1991–Present)

References
 

Albania
Zayyanids (, Ziyānyūn) or Abd al-Wadids (), or Banu Zayan, is the name of an Islamic Berber Zenata dynasty in North Africa. The Zayyanids, whose capital was Tlemcen (in modern day Algeria) existed from 1235 to 1556. They were also known as Abdelwadid.

References

History of Algeria
History of Morocco
Former monarchies of Africa
Royal dynasties
1236 establishments
1556 disestablishments
1230s establishments in Africa
The Catholic University of the North () is a Catholic university in Antofagasta, Chile. It is one of the universities in the north of Chile.

Faculties 
 Civil engineering & Construction
 Sciences
 Sea sciences
 Economy & Management
 Engineering & Geologic sciences
 Humanities
 Medicine

Other websites 
 Catholic University of the North 

Antofagasta
Antofagasta
1956 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Chile
Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov (born 1944 in Mymrino) is a Russian politician.  He has led the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) since 1993. He has campaigned for the Russian presidency four times. He has finished second each time.

References

1944 births
Living people
Soviet colonels
Communist politicians
Russian communists
Russian politicians
Isfana is a small town in Kyrgyzstan. It is the administrative center of Leilek District. Over 27 thousand people live in Isfana.

References

Towns in Asia
Settlements in Kyrgyzstan
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ()  is the Netherlands' main international airport, It is 20 minutes southwest of Amsterdam. The airport's English name is Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The airport had an IATA name of SPL, but is now AMS.
The airport is the main airport for KLM, Arkefly, Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair and Transavia. The airport is also the main European airport for Delta Air Lines. It is the 4th busiest airport in Europe and the 12th busiest in the world.

Airlines & Destinations

Railway station
Trains run by Nederlandse Spoorwegen connect Amsterdam Schipol railway station to places around the Netherlands.

References

Airports in Europe
Transport in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures in the Netherlands
Amsterdam
Haarlemmermeer
Flybe Group PLC (Known as flybe) was a low-cost regional airline group in Exeter, Devon, England. It had over 180 routes to 65 European airports and was Europe's biggest regional airline. Over 6.7 million passengers travelled with them during 2010. The airline was on the London Stock Exchange (), and payed around 2,800 people.

In February 2019, Flybe airline was sold to the Connect Airways consortium, backed by Virgin Atlantic and Stobart Aviation. They planned to rebrand Flybe as Virgin Connect while keeping its certifications. On 5 March 2020, Flybe filed for administration and ceased operations due to financial struggles worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.

In October 2020, the Flybe brand was purchased by Thyme Opco, linked to former shareholder Cyrus Capital. They aimed to relaunch the airline in 2021, pending regulatory approvals. The new company was named Flybe Limited and started operating in April 2022. However, the relaunched airline stopped trading on 28 January 2023.

References
References

1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
Airlines of the United Kingdom
Low-cost airlines
Aurigny Air Services Limited, known as aurigny.com  is an airline with its head office at Guernsey Airport in the Channel Islands, and is owned by the States of Guernsey. It operates passenger and freight services between the Channel Islands, northern France and the United Kingdom. Its main base is Guernsey Airport, with other aircraft and crew based at Jersey Airport and Alderney Airport. Aurigny is one of the longest operating regional airlines in the world, and is one of the oldest airlines in Britain except for Loganair and Monarch Airlines. The name means Alderney.

Destinations

Current destinations
Aurigny Air Services runs to the following destinations (at February 2010):
British Crown Dependencies
Alderney (Alderney Airport) Base
Guernsey (Guernsey Airport) Hub
Jersey (Jersey Airport) Base
France
Dinard/Saint-Malo (Pleurtuit Airport)
Grenoble Airport (seasonal)
United Kingdom
Bristol (Bristol International Airport)
London
(Gatwick Airport)
(London Stansted Airport)
Manchester (Manchester Airport)
Nottingham (East Midlands Airport)
Southampton (Southampton Airport)

Former destinations
The airline used to run to the following destinations:
France
Cherbourg (Cherbourg - Maupertus Airport)
Caen (Caen - Carpiquet Airport)
Granville, Manche (Granville - Mont Saint Michel Aerodrome)
Netherlands
Amsterdam (Amsterdam Schiphol Airport)
United Kingdom
Brighton (Shoreham Airport)
Bournemouth (Bournemouth Airport)
Charter:
Cambridge (Cambridge Airport)
Gloucester (Gloucestershire Airport)
Ramsgate (Manston Airport)

References

1968 establishments
Airlines of Europe
Organisations based in the Channel Islands
1960s establishments in Europe
Blue Islands Limited is an airline of the Channel Islands. Its main office is in Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, and its registered office is in Saint Anne, Alderney. It runs timetabled services from and within the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom and Switzerland. Its main base is Jersey Airport.

References

1999 establishments in Europe
Airlines of Europe
Organisations based in the Channel Islands
British Midland Airways Limited known as BMI was an airline based at Donington Hall in Castle Donington in the United Kingdom, close to East Midlands Airport.  The airline flew to places in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Central Asia from its base at London Heathrow Airport, where it held 11% of all take off and landing slots and runs over 2,000 flights a week. 

BMI was owned by Lufthansa, who announced an agreement in December 2011 to sell the airline to the owner of British Airways, International Airlines Group. The deal does not include Bmibaby and BMI Regional.. BMI Regional was sold to Sector Aviation Holdings for £8 million in May 2012. In April 2012 it was announced that bmi (excluding bmibaby) was to be fully merged into British Airways by the end of October 2012.

British Midland Airways Limited had a Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, which allowed it to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats, and was a 3-star airline by Skytrax.

References
References

Airlines of the United Kingdom
1938 establishments in the United Kingdom
Bmibaby Limited known as bmibaby.com was a British low-cost airline. It flew to places in the UK and Europe from its bases at Belfast City, Birmingham and East Midlands airports. It was owned by British Midland International, which itself is owned was Lufthansa. In April 2012, BMI was bought by the International Airlines Group and the airline, along with bmibaby, stopped flying. 

Bmibaby had a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence. It was allowed to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.

References

Airlines of the United Kingdom
2002 establishments in the United Kingdom
In Japanese,  may mean:
Tōkaidō (region), a geographic area of ancient Japan
Tōkaidō (road), one of the five main roads in Japan during the Edo period
 List of the 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō
 The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō, a series of woodblock prints by Hiroshige
Route 1 (Japan), a major national highway in Japan that traces old Tōkaidō except Tōkyō-Yokohama section
Route 15 (Japan), a major national highway in Japan that traces old Tōkaidō between Tōkyō and Yokohama 
Tōkaidō Main Line, a trunk line of Japan Railways that mirrors the route of the old Tōkaidō road
Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed railway line of Central Japan Railway Company
British Midland Regional Limited known as bmi regional was a British regional airline that runs timetabled passenger services mostly within the UK. Its head office is in Aberdeen Airport East in Dyce, Aberdeen, Scotland. Its main base is Aberdeen Airport.  BMI Regional was owned by British Midland International until 2012. Sector Aviation Holdings Limited bought BMI Regional in May 2012.

References

Airlines of the United Kingdom
1987 establishments in the United Kingdom
George Best Belfast City Airport  is a single-runway airport in Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland next to the Port of Belfast it is  from Belfast City Centre. It shares the site with the Short Brothers/Bombardier aircraft making area. The airport began commercial operations in 1983.

The airport was known as "Belfast City Airport" until it was renamed in 2006 in memory of George Best, the professional footballer from Belfast, best known for his time with Manchester United.

The airport gets over 2.7 million passengers in 2010, a record total for the airport, though the total fell by 12.5% to 2.4 million in 2011.

The airport is a major base for Flybe, which began services at the airport in 1993 and is now the largest operator at Belfast City.

Belfast City has a CAA public use aerodrome licence (number P862) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.

References
References

Airports in the United Kingdom
Belfast
County Antrim
Buildings and structures in Northern Ireland
Transport in Northern Ireland
1983 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Northern Ireland
Ipswich Airport  is a former airfield on the outskirts of Ipswich, Suffolk England.

Airports in England
Ipswich
Buildings and structures in Suffolk
Ghazi Amanullah Khan (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic: ) (1 June 1892 – 25 April 1960) was the Sovereign of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929. He was first an Emir and after 1926 the King. He led Afghanistan to freedom from the United Kingdom. He was the first Afghan ruler to make the country more modern. Habibullah Kalakani and his followers fought against Khan. On 14 January 1929, Amanullah went to then neighboring British India. Afghanistan fell into a civil war (1928–1929). From British India he went to Europe where he died in Zürich, Switzerland, in 1960.

References 

1892 births
1960 deaths
Monarchs of Afghanistan
The Erythraean Sea was the old name for all  Indian ocean in 15-17 century  it was a name only for north part of the Indian ocean and Arabian Sea. it was used throughout Europe until the 18-19th century.

Name
The Greeks themselves derived the name from an eponymous persian King Erythras, knowing that the waters so described were deep blue. Modern scholars sometimes attribute the name to the seasonal blooms of the red-hued Trichodesmium erythraeum in the Red Sea. Documents on the Persian Gulf's name describes a story from the  Agatharchides, author of On the Erythraean Sea page 113 saying the Erythrae was son of Myozai a Persian lord which forced  to go to an island because of the attack  by the lions to his cattle ,then  he invited other people to settle in this island, most probably today Qeshm Island or Hormuz Island then  it became lucky island and the name of the Erythraean Sea is related to him.
Use
The name "Erythraean Sea" has been or is still used for the following places: 
In the opening sentences of Herodotus' history, written in the 5th century BC, he refers to the Phoenicians having come originally from the Erythraean Sea. 
In the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, written in the 1st century AD, as well as in some ancient maps, the name of the sea refers to the whole area of the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Arabian Sea.
In centuries past, the name "Erythraean Sea" was applied by cartographers to the NW part of the Indian Ocean, mainly the area around Socotra, between Cape Guardafui and the coast of Hadhramaut. 
The name "Erythraean Sea" was used as well to refer to some gulfs attached to the Indian Ocean, specifically, the Persian Gulf. 
As a name for the Red Sea, especially after the 19th century. The modern country of Eritrea was named after this ancient Greek name.
Related pages
 Persian Gulf
 Socotra

References

Other websites
The Periplus of the Erythrean sea, containing an account of the navigation of the ancients, from the sea of Suez to the coast of Zanguebar, William Vincent (ed.), 2 voll., London, 1800, vol. 1, vol. 2.
 William H. Schoff,  The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1912), with additional commentary including alternate spellings or translations from Lionel Casson's more recent edition.

Seas of the Indian Ocean
Bādghīs (Persian/Pashto: بادغیس) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in northwestern Afghanistan, between the Murghab and Hari rivers.  It goes as far northward as the edge of the desert of Sarakhs.

History
The province was one of the last captured by the Taliban in their military offensive before the American invasion in 2001. TheTajik people of the province never welcomed the Pashtun Taliban. The province was quickly retaken by Northern Alliance forces.

Geography

Badghis Province is in the isolated hills of northwestern Afghanistan.  Its borders are Herat, Ghor, and Faryab provinces as well as Turkmenistan.

Politics
The current Governor of the province is Delbar Jan Arman.
Economy
Agriculture is the main source of people's income. The Murghab and Hari rivers makes the land suitable for farming. The province had a bad drought in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This has gotten better. Badghis is the biggest in pistachio production in Afghanistan. It is also one of the carpet-making capitals of the country.

Transportation
Badghis Province has little transportation. Qala i Naw Airport (QAQN) is the only airport.

References

 Afghanistan Information Management Service
Qala i Naw (قلعه نو) is a town in Qala i Naw District and the capital of Badghis Province, of north-west Afghanistan. Its population is estimated 9,000 in 2006. 

It has a small airport, Qala i Naw Airport.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Badghis Province
The   was a major road in ancient Japan.  It was one of five main roads during the Edo period.  The route connected Edo (modern-day Tokyo) and Kyoto along the sea coast of eastern Honshū.

Traveling the Tōkaidō

There were fifty-three shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

The typical method of travel was by foot.

Related pages
 The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō
Tōkaidō Shinkansen
Tōkaidō (region)

References

Further reading

 Traganeou, Jilly. 2004.  The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan. London: RoutledgeCurzon.

Other websites

Walk the Tōkaidō
 PBS, Travel Tōkaidō
 Hiroshige, The Fifty Three Stations of the Tokaido Road
 Kuniyoshi, The Fifty Three Stations of the Tokaido Represented as Cats

Roads in Japan
The  is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.

History
Tōkaidō was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichidō system.  It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including Tōkaidō, remained cultural markers.

The ancient Tōkaidō road was improved and widened in 1604.

It is a geographic region which has 15 ancient provinces, including 

Awa Province 
Hitachi Province
Iga Province
Ise Province
Izu Province
Kai Province
Kazusa Province
Mikawa Province
Musashi Province
Owari Province
Sagami Province
Shima Province
Shimōsa Province
Suruga Province
Tōtōmi Province

The lands of five prefectures are in the region of Tōkaidō: Chiba, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama and Tokyo.

Today, Route 1 is a major national highway that mirrors the route of the old Tōkaidō except in the Tōkyō-Yokohama section.
Route 15 follows the route of the old Tōkaidō between Tōkyō and Yokohama

Related pages
 Kantō region
 Comparison of regions of Japan
 Yotsuya kaidan

References

Regions of Japan
Romantic Poetry was one branch of the Romantic movement. The first generation of Romantic poets (1798) were primarily Coleridge, William Blake and Wordsworth. The second generation was at its culmination in the 1820s, with poets such as Shelley, Byron and Keats. The movement showed an interest in the Gothic, Medieval art, and nature. The ballad form was re-introduced, and the poems often took their form from fairy tales and folk songs. Poets were enjoying writing for themselves rather than senior nobility, and later they were the source of inspiration for the Pre-Raphaelite painters.

Poetry
UTC+04:30 is the time zone used for:

As standard time (all year round)
Afghanistan

This time is used only in Afghanistan, so it is also called Afghanistan Standard Time.

References

UTC offsets
Baghlan (Persian/Pashto: بغلان Baġlān) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is Puli Khumri.  The name comes from a major town in the province, Baghlan.

Demographics
Hazaras, Pashtuns, Tajiks and Uzbeks are living in this Province.

Economy

Agriculture
Baghlan's primary crops (as of 1974) were cotton and sugar beets.  The area also produced grapes, pistachios, and pommegranates.  The primary livestock are Karakul sheep.

Other products
The province also produces silk. Coal is mined in the Karkar Valley.

Districts
The districts of Baghlan are:

Politics

Governors 
The current Governor of Baghlan is Mohammad Akbar Barakzai, appointed 2009.

Related pages 
 Baghlan

References
Puli Khumri (or  Pul-i-Kumri) () is a city in northern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Baghlan Province. It has a population of 60,000 (2002 official estimate).

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Baghlan Province
Antonietta Di Martino (born 1 June 1978) is an Italian high jumper. She was born in Cava de' Tirreni.

Piuza won the silver medal at the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships. She competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Other websites
 
 

1978 births
Living people
2008 Summer Olympics
High jumpers
Italian athletes
Italian Olympians
Sportspeople from Campania
Bamyan Province () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the centre of the country. Its capital city is also called Bamyan. Most of the people are Hazaras, with fewer Tajiks, and Pashtuns. Bamyan is the largest province in the Hazarajat region of Afghanistan. About 450.000 people lived in Bamyan province in 2020. The province mainly became known for the Buddhas of Bamiyan, which were destroyed under Taliban rule, in 2001. In the past, the province was strategically important because of the Silk Road which passes through it. The Silk Road linked Asian countries such as India and China, with Persia,  the Mediterranean and Europe. Buddhism used to be common, and there were many Buddha statues, and monasteries.

Politics

Governors
The former governor of the province is Habiba Sarabi.  She is Afghanistan's first and, so far, only female governor.

Districts

Economy

Agriculture

Bamiyan is famous for its potatoes.
Education
Bamyan Province has the only university, Bamiyan University in the area.

References
is the name of a Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit. 

The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.

Hakucho was sent into orbit on February 21, 1979.  It reentered the atmosphere and melted on April 15, 1985.   

This was Japan's first x-ray astronomy satellite.

References

Other websites 
 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Hakucho (CORSA-b) mission profile 
 NASA, Hakucho (CORSA-b) satellite

Japanese space program
Satellites
Spacecraft launched in the 1970s
Dari and Pashto are the official languages of Afghanistan, but other important regional languages include Uzbeki, Turkmeni, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani, Pamiri (alsana), Arab and possibly a few other.

References 

Languages of Afghanistan
Bamyan (), also spelled Bamiyan and Bamian, is the capital city of Bamyan Province, Afghanistan. It has about 61,863 people. It is the largest town in the Hazarajat region in central Afghanistan.  It is 240 kilometres north-west of Kabul, the national capital.

Education
Bamyan has the region's only university, Bamiyan University.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Bamyan Province
Daykundi (; also spelled Daikondi, Dāykondī, Daikundi or Daykundi) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.  Day Kundi's capital is Nili.  It is about 310 kilometres from Kabul.  It is in the Hazarajat region.

Economy
Daykundi province grows almonds.

Governance
On 15 April 2011, Mr. Qurban Ali Oruzgani became Governor of Daikundi province.

Districts

References

Daykundi Province
Lauren Ambrose (born February 20 1978) is an American motion picture and stage actress. She is best known for acting in the series Six Feet Under. She also acted in many motion pictures and other television programs.

References

1978 births
Living people
Actors from Massachusetts
American movie actors
Nili () is the capital city of Daykundi Province, Afghanistan.  It is located in Nili District.  The town is at 2,022 m altitude.

References 

Cities in Afghanistan
Daykundi Province
Farah (Pashto/Persian: فراه) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the southwest of the country. Its capital is Farah. Farah is large with few people living in it.  It is the fourth largest province in Afghanistan.  It is on the Iranian border. Most of the people are Pashtun.

Districts

References
is the name of a Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit. 

The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.

Tenma was sent into orbit on February 20, 1983.   

This was Japan's second x-ray astronomy satellite.

References

Other websites 
 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tenma (ASTRO-B) mission profile 
 NASA, Tenma (astro B) satellite

Japanese space program
Satellites
1980s in spaceflight
Farah (Pashto/Persian: فراه) is a city in western Afghanistan.  It is the capital of Farah Province.  There are about 109,409 people living here.  It is at 650 m altitude.  It is on the Farah River.

Economy and transportation
The city is a major trading and farming center in the area.  There is an airport with a paved runway.

Cities in Afghanistan
Farah Province
Fāryāb () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north of the country. The capital is Maymana. Most of the people are Uzbek.

Politics
The governor of the province is Abdul Haq Shafaq.

Districts

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Alain Lefebvre (born 1 April 1947) is a French journalist. Graduate from the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university), he founded the ephemeral Magazine hebdo while managing the groupe Media and L'Histoire magazine.

Lefebvre is also interested in advertising in collaboration with journalist Christian Blachas, also host of the show Culture-Pub.

Works 
 Alain Lefebvre, Dominique Méda, Faut-il brûler le modèle français ?, Éditions du Seuil, 2006, 156 p. ()

References 

Living people
1947 births
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
French journalists
is the name of the a Japanese space probe which was sent on an interplanetary mission.

The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.

The satellite was launched on January 7, 1985.

References

Other websites 
 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sakigake (MS-T5) mission profile 
 NASA, Sakigake 

Japanese space program
Satellites
1980s in spaceflight
Southern is the adjective form of south. It may refer to:

Education
 Southern University, a university in the U.S. state of Louisiana
 Southern Adventist University, Collegedale, Tennessee, United States
 Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
 Southern High School, various schools

Organisations
 Southern Railway (disambiguation), various railways
 Southern Airways, a defunct airline
 Southern Air, an airline based in Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.
 Southern Company, a U.S. electricity corporation
 Southern Records, an independent record label
 Southern Television, a now defunct UK television company
 Southern (train operating company), current train operator for some services in Southern England.
Surname
 Caleb Southern, American music producer
 Edwin Southern, molecular biologist
 Eileen Southern, American musicologist
 Jeri Southern, American jazz pianist and singer
 Keith Southern, English association football player for Blackpool F.C.
 Richard Southern (1903–1989), British theatre designer 
 R. W. Southern (1912–2001), British medieval historian 
 Sarah Southern, British businesswoman and former Conservative Party official
 Steve Southern, Australian professional rugby player
 Terry Southern, American writer

Sports
 Southern 500, a NASCAR car race
 Southern 500 (1950-2004), a former NASCAR race
 Southern Conference, a Division I college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
 Southern Jaguars, the athletic program of the main campus of Southern University
 Southern League, various sports leagues

Geographic locations 
 Southern Hemisphere
 Southern Ocean, the waters surrounding Antarctica
 Southern United States
 Southern (country subdivision)
Maymana, Meymaneh or Maimana (Persian: میمنه) is the capital of Faryab Province, northern Afghanistan.  It is near the Turkmenistan border. It is about 400 km northwest of the Afghan capital Kabul.

Cities in Afghanistan
Ghōr (, (), also spelled Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest. The capital of Ghor is Chaghcharan.

About 635,302 people live in Ghor Province.

Districts

Politics

Governors
The current governor of Ghor is Sayyed Mohammad Eqbal Munib.

References
Chaghcharan () also known as Firouzkoh () is a town and the capital of Ghor Province in central Afghanistan. It is located on the southern side of the Hari River.

There are about 15,000 people, mostly Persian speaking. Chaghcharan Airport is about 1 mile to the northeast of the town.

Related pages 
 Chaghcharan District
 Ghor Province

References 

Cities in Afghanistan
Ghor Province
Paula Ann Zahn (born February 24, 1956 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American journalist and news anchor. She worked for the news divisions on Columbia Broadcasting System(CBS)-Television and American Broadcasting Company(ABC)-Television, and on the cable television news channels Fox News Network and Cable News Network (CNN). On Fox News Channel she hosted The Edge with Paula Zahn. On CNN she hosted Paula Zahn Now and People in the News, a show jointly produced by CNN and People, a magazine.

References

American journalists
Writers from Omaha, Nebraska
1956 births
Living people
Herat (Persian/Pashto: هرات) is one the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the south-western region of the country. The main city and capital is named Herat. 

The region of Herat used to be part of Greater Khorasan.  It was ruled by the Tahirids followed by the Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Ilkhanates, Timurids, and Saffavids.  In the early-18th century it became part of the Afghan Hotaki dynasty followed by the Durrani Empire.

Demographics
There are about 1,762,157 people living in Herat Province.

Population by districts
There are 16 districts within the province. These are listed in the table below.

Sport
Football (soccer) is the popular sport in Herat Province.  Cricket is also getting popular.

References
Fred Flintstone is the main protagonist of The Flintstones franchise. He is an everyday caveman and caring father.  He was invented by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera of Hanna-Barbera.

Catchphrase
His iconic phrase is "Yabba-dabba-doo". Alan Reed came up with it.

Portrayals
Alan Reed, Henry Corden, James Arnold Taylor and Jeff Bergman have voiced him in various media. John Goodman played him in the 1994 movie.

Animated characters
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s
The Flintstones
Hanna-Barbera characters
Animated human characters
Cookie Monster is a Muppet that appears in Sesame Street. He is a blue monster that is known for eating lots of food, especially cookies. He is also known for some of his famous eating phrases. His favorite food is cookies, as his name implies. He especially enjoys chocolate chip cookies. Throughout the years of his presence, he has gained increasing awareness of children's food habits. 

In 2007, Cookie Monster had told his philosophy (way of thinking) that "Cookies are a sometimes food." His speech is often grammatically incorrect; he always uses "Me" to refer to himself in place of "I","My", and "Mine". Cookie Monster was also mentioned by Siri, while saying "And Cookie Monster is sad that there are no cookies, and you are sad that you have no friends."
When the Apple personal assistant Siri is asked the question, "what is zero divided by zero", Siri responds with the answer: "Imagine that you have zero cookies and you split them evenly among zero friends. How many cookies does each person get? See? It doesn’t make sense. And Cookie Monster is sad that there are no cookies, and you are sad that you have no friends."

References

Sesame Street characters
Muppets
Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky (13 May 1850 – 15 January 1916) was a Russian dramatist, opera librettist and translator. Like his famous composer brother Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, he was a homosexual. In 1876, Modest tutored a deaf-mute boy and eventually helped him to talk, write, and read. Modest wrote three plays and the libretti for several operas, including his brother's The Queen of Spades and Iolanta. He translated Shakespeare's Sonnets, and wrote his brother's biography. He died in Moscow in 1916.

References

1850 births
1916 deaths
Russian playwrights
Russian LGBT people
Gay men
Antonietta Dell'Era (16 February 1861 Milan  22 June 1945 Berlin) was an Italian prima ballerina in Berlin, best remembered for creating the Sugar Plum Fairy in The Nutcracker (1892). Her first performance was sold out, and she received good reviews. Modest Tchaikovsky described her as "pudgy and unattractive".

Italian dancers
1861 births
1945 deaths
Jowzjān or Jōzjān or Jawzjan (, ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the northern area of the country.  The capital is Sheberghan.

Demographics 
There are around 485,300 people in the province.  Most of them are ethnic Turkmens.

Politics
Jowzjan's current governor is Mohammed Aleem Sayee.

Districts

References 

Provinces of Afghanistan
Sheberghān or Shaburghān (), also spelled Shebirghan and Shibarghan, is the capital city of the Jowzjan Province in northern Afghanistan.

Sheberghan is on the Safid River banks, about  west of Mazari Sharif.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Kābul (, ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in eastern Afghanistan, The capital of the province is Kabul City, which is also the country's capital. There are about 3.5 million people living in the province as of 2009.

Districts

Sports 
Kabul is the center of annual buzkashi and football tournaments.

Related pages 
 Kabul

References 

Kabul Province
is the name of a Japanese  spacecraft.  This was Japan's first interplanetary mission.

The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.

The unmanned space probe was sent into space on August 18, 1985.  It was designed to study Halley's Comet when it passed through the inner solar system in 1986.

References

Other websites 
 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Suisei (Planet-A) mission profile 
 NASA, Suisei mission 

Japanese space program
Satellites
1980s in spaceflight
Kandahar or Qandahar () () is one of the largest of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in southern Afghanistan, between Helmand, Oruzgan and Zabul provinces. Its capital is the city of Kandahar. There are about 913,000 people who live in the province.

Districts
The following is a list of the districts of Kandahar Province:

References
is the name of a Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit. 

The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.

The satellite was sent into orbit on February 5, 1987.

References

Other websites 
 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ginga (Astro-C) mission profile 

Japanese space program
Satellites
1980s in spaceflight
The Temuco Catholic University () is a Chilean university in Temuco. This university is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities.

Other websites 
 Official website of the University 

Colleges and universities in Chile
1991 establishments in South America
1990s establishments in Chile
Kapisa (Pashto/Persian: کاپيسا) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north-east of the country. The capital is Mahmud-i-Raqi. There are about 364,900 people living in the province.

Kapisa province is 80 km north east of Kabul.

Districts

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Mahmud Raqi (also: Mahmud-i-Raqi, Mahmood-e Raqi) is a city in Afghanistan. It is the capital of Kapisa Province.  It is the center of Mahmud Raqi District in Afghanistan.

Cities in Afghanistan
Khost () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the east of the country. Khost province used to be part of Paktia Province in the past. Its capital is Khost.

The current Governor of the Province is Abdul Jabbar Naeemi.

There are 638,849 living in the Province.  They are mostly Pashtun.

Districts

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Khost () is a city in eastern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Khost Province. There are about 160,000 people in the city.  Khost is located about 150 kilometers south of Kabul.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Kunar () is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital is Asadabad.  About 413,008 people live in the province.  Most of them are Pashtuns.

Districts
The districts in Kunar Province as of March 2004 are:

References
Asadabad or Asad Abad ( - Asadābād) is the capital city of Kunar Province in Afghanistan. It is in the eastern part of the country next to Pakistan. There are a lot of mountains around Asadabad.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Kunar Province
Kunduz or Qunduz (, ) is one of the provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in northern Afghanistan. There are about 820,000 people who live in the Province.

The Kunduz River valley is the main feature of the Kunduz Province.

Districts

Related pages 
 Kunduz

References
Kunduz (; ) also known as Kundûz, Qonduz, Qondûz, Konduz, Kondûz, Kondoz, or Qhunduz is a city in northern Afghanistan.  It is the capital of Kunduz Province. It is linked by highways with Mazari Sharif to the west, Kabul to the south and Tajikistan's border to the north. There are about 250,000 living in the city.

References 

Cities in Afghanistan
Kunduz Province
Laghman (Persian/) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the eastern part of Afghanistan.  The capital is Mehtar Lam.

Districts

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Mihtarlam (), also spelled Mehtar Lam, is a town in Afghanistan.  It is the capital of Laghman Province.  It is the only large urban settlement in the province.  The town is in the valley formed by the Alishing and Alingar rivers.  It is 47 km northwest of the city of Jalalabad.

Cities in Afghanistan
Logar (, ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the eastern part of the country.  Most of the people are Pashtun.

Districts

References 

Provinces of Afghanistan
Pul-i-Alam (Persian/Pashto: پل علم) is the capital of Logar Province, Afghanistan.  About 30,000 people live in the city. They are mostly Pashtuns and Tajiks.

There were major car bombings in 2020 and 2021.

Cities in Afghanistan
Nangarhar ( ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the east of the country. Jalalabad is the capital.  There are 1,383,900 people in the province.

Districts

Nangarhar province is divided into 22 districts, these are:

References
Annette Joanne Funicello (October 22, 1942 – April 8, 2013) was an American singer, movie and television series actress. Funicello was one of the most popular "Mouseketeers" on the Mickey Mouse Club in the 1950s.  

She was born in Utica, New York to Italian American parents and moved to Southern California when she was four. She went public with her multiple sclerosis in 1992. She died from the disease on April 8, 2013.

References

1942 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from multiple sclerosis
People with multiple sclerosis
Actors from California
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
Singers from California
Singers from New York (state)
People from Utica, New York
Nimruz (Balochi/Pashto/Persian:  نیمروز  ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the southwest of the country on the borders of Iran and Pakistan. There are about 170,00 people in the Province. A lot of the Provice is covered by the desert area of Dashti Margo.

Districts

References
Zaranj or Zarang (, ) is the capital of Nimruz Province in south-western Afghanistan.  There are about 49,851 people in the city. It is next to Milak, Iran. It is linked by highways with Lashkar Gah to the east, Farah to the north and Zabol in Iran to the west. 

Cities in Afghanistan
Nimruz Province
Nuristān (), also spelled Nurestān or Nooristan, is a region in Afghanistan.  It is in the south of the Hindu Kush valleys. The capital is Parun. The ethnic composition is 96% Nuristanis, 2% Pashtuns and 2% Gujars.

Districts

References
Parun (پارون) is a small town in Afghanistan.  It is the capital of Nuristan Province.

Cities in Afghanistan
Nuristan Province
Urōzgān (), also spelled Uruzgan, Oruzgan, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. Its capital is Tarinkot. Most of the province is mountains.

Districts

References 

Provinces of Afghanistan
Tarinkot or Tarin Kowt () is the capital of Orūzgān Province in southern Afghanistan.  It is a town of about 10,000 people. Its population is mostly of Pashtun ethnic origin, including a sizable number of Tarins, whose ancestors were the original founders and settlers here some 500 years ago.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
, is the name of a Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit. 

The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.

The satellite was sent into orbit on August 30, 1991.  Its mission was to study the sun.

On September 12, 2005 the spacecraft burned up during reentry.

References

Other websites 

 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Yohkoh (Solar-A) mission profile 

Japanese space program
Satellites
Spacecraft launched in the 1990s
Gardēz (, Persian: گردیز) is the capital of the Paktiā province of Afghanistan. There are about 70,000 people who live in the Province. Most of the people are Pashtun.

References

Cities in Afghanistan
Paktia Province
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance is a diagnostic method in epidemiology. It has been used in the Soviet Japanese campaign in WWII immediately behind the first echelon of tanks and mechanized vehicles of advancing Soviet army should they encounter any particular contagious disease as withdrawing enemy forces had poisoned many wells and water sources.
The use of sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance or similar practices in the armed forces is mentioned elsewhere. The Polish contingents serving under the UN auspices focused their tasks among others on … sanitary-epidemiological reconnaissance …
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance is a collection and transfer of all data available on sanitary and epidemiological situation of the area of possible deployment and action of armed forces, the same data for the neighbouring and enemy armed forces. The aim for the reconnaissance is to clear up the reasons of the specific disease origin- sources of the infection in extreme situations, including local wars and armed conflicts, the ways of the infection transfer and all factors promoting to the infestation. It should result in revealing of the patients and persons, suspected to the specific disease, their isolation and hospitalization. Mobile equipped group for sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance includes: epidemiologist, specialist on infections, assistant of epidemiologist (bacteriologist- lab assistant), medical orderly (if necessary, the group will include zoologist or parasitologist)
. After the armed forces have become stationary during wartime and emergency of peace time the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance turns into sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of vital and communal activity of the armed forces.
In 2010 at The Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons  and Their Destruction in Geneva 
the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance was suggested as means for monitoring of infections and parasitic agents and for practical implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005). The aim was to prevent and minimize the consequences of natural outbreaks of dangerous infectious diseases, the treat of alleged use of biological weapons. The sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance will be important in assessing the sanitary-epidemiological situation, organizing and conducting preventive activities, indicating and identifying pathogenic biological agents, suppressing hotbeds of infectious diseases, providing advisory and practical assistance to local health authorities.
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance (inspection) or a similar practice and specific indication in the hotbed  should be performed immediately after the receiving of the information about bio-terrorism attack.

References

Epidemiology
War
Cambridge Airport  (previously Marshall Airport Cambridge  UK) is a small regional airport in South Cambridgeshire, England. It is on the eastern edges of Cambridge, south of Newmarket Road and west of the village of Teversham,  from the centre of Cambridge and about  from London. 

The airport opened in 1938. It replaced the old airfield at Fen Ditton. The airport is owned and run by Marshall Aerospace. This is a Cambridge-based company with many years' history servicing civilian and military contracts. The main building was designed by the architect Harold Tomlinson of the University of Cambridge. It was constructed in 1936–37. For many years it was the base for the Cambridge University Air Squadron.

Marshall of Cambridge Aerospace Limited has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P433). This is a special license that allows it to have public passenger flights and flights for flying training. It has four flying schools. It is also used for corporate and private flights.
In October 2008, the airport's name was changed from Cambridge City Airport to Marshall Airport Cambridge UK. This happened at the same time as the new Marshall Business Aviation Centre was opened. In 2011, Cambridge Airport officially broke off from Marshall. It hired a new director and changed its name back to Cambridge Airport. Its aim is to become a "hub" (important airport) for the east of England. The Passenger Terminal will be refurbished.

Future 
Land in Cambridge is expensive. Around the city are large areas of green belt land. Building new houses on this land is not allowed. Because of this, a proposal was made in 2000 to move the airport to a new site away from the city. It would have freed up  of land so that several thousand new homes could be built there instead. Cambridgeshire County Council did a study for a new airport. The council asked for permission to plan the new airport, but they withdrew the request later.
Since then, Marshall Aerospace has continued to develop the site. In autumn 2008 new facilities for aviation companies were opened. These included a new  hangar, which added to the  of hangar space already on the site.

In April 2010, Marshall Aerospace said it would not be moving Cambridge Airport to make way for new housing. RAF Mildenhall, Waterbeach Barracks and RAF Wyton were though of as alternative sites, but Marshall decided that there were "no suitable relocation options" (none of the options were good enough).
In January 2011, Cambridge Airport broke off from Marshall, and released plans for the airport's future. Its plans are to have international flights for the London 2012 Olympic Games.  For 2012 the airport has introduced new international holiday charter flights to Europe as well as new regular (on a timetable) air links to the Channel Islands. Passenger terminal facilities are being fully upgraded to improve services and convenience for passengers. The airport is planning to add flights to more places that are important for business and leisure.

Airlines and places they fly to

References

Other websites
Marshall Airport Cambridge UK website
Cambridge Aeroclub 
Mid Anglia Flying School
Cambridge Flying Group

1938 establishments in the United Kingdom
Airports in England
1930s establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Cambridgeshire
Fortune-telling is the practice of predicting information about a person's life. It is in principle identical with the practice of divination. The difference is that divination is the term used for predictions considered part of a religious ritual, invoking deities or spirits, while the term fortune-telling implies a less serious or informal setting.

Other websites

Divination
Superstitions
Magic (paranormal)
"Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" is the reply The New York Sun editor Francis Pharcellus Church gave eight-year-old Virginia O'Hanlon (1889–1971) in his September 21, 1897 editorial after she wrote the newspaper asking "Is There a Santa Claus?" Virginia had first asked the question of her father, Dr. Philip O'Hanlon, who suggested she write The Sun. He assured her that "If you see it in The Sun, it's so." The editorial is one of the most reprinted editorials in the world.

Notes 

Christmas
1897
American literature