Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Singles 
 "No Slow Rollin'" with Art of Origin (1992)
 "Un-Rational" with Art of Origin (1993)
 "Purple Hands in the Air / Dark Night of the Bloodspiller" (1994)
 "Kreep" (1996)
 "No Complex / Waiting to Exhale" (1996)
 "Thousands / Freestyle Rhymes" (1996)
 "Deliver" (1996)
 "Rise / Jesus" (1997)
 "Let 'Em Live" (2000)
 "Last Laugh" (2001) Vs  (1998)
 "What You Got / Let 'Em Live" (2001)
 "Don't Run from Me / Warning" (2006)
 "Poison Pen" (2006)
 "Messiah" (2006)
 "Jump Back" (2007)
 "Lick Shots" with Immortal Technique, Crooked I (2008)
 "Chow Down" with Playalitical (2008)
 "N.I.C.E." (2012)
 "Arm Yourself" with DV Alias Khrist, Sick Jacken, Immortal Technique (2012)
 "Kings" with Big Pun (2012)
 "They Don't Know Nothing" with RKZ (2015)
 "March of the Imperial" with D.CrazE the Destroyer (2016)
 "Under the Bridge" with Rama Duke (2018)
 "Ascending To Mytikas" with Fuzzy Ed (2022)

Filmography
Filmography 

Zane's Sex Chronicles (TV Series) as Syndicator 2010
El show (TV Series) as Professor xl 2008
"Death Pool 100" episode of CSI: Miami as Juan Carlos 2006
Gang Warz as Ro Conner 2004
Reno 911! (TV Series) as Hymning Perp #3 2004
The Young and the Restless (TV Series) as Buzz 2004
Playas Ball as Tico 2003
Alex & Emma as Tony / Flamenco Dancer #2 2003
Crime Partners as Finesse 2003
The Beat as Crazy 8 2002
Vatos as Vargas 2002
Barrio Wars as Osirus 2002

Other websites
 Chino XL's Official website

1974 births
Living people
Rappers from New York (state)
Singers from New York City
Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz (born September 13, 1965), better known as Jeff Ross, is an American stand-up comedian, actor and author. He is known for his insult-style of comedy, leading to his nickname "The Roastmaster General". He has had many appearances on Comedy Central's roast specials, aiming insults and jokes at celebrities. He has acted in television series such as Where My Dogs At?, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Six Feet Under and Weeds. Ross was also a competitor on the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars where he danced with Edyta Śliwińska. They were the first ones eliminated.

Ross was born in Springfield, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He is a Democrat.

References

Official website

 
 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New Jersey
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American writers
Writers from New Jersey
Sulphur Springs is a city in Hopkins County, Texas, United States. The population of Sulphur Springs was 14,551 in 2000. Sulphur Springs was founded in 1854.

References

Other websites
The city of Sulphur Springs Official website

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
1854 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Texas
George Hosato Takei Altman (born April 20, 1937 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor. He is probably best known for playing Hikaru Sulu in the television series, Star Trek. His parents were of Japanese origin. In 2005, he said that he is homosexual during an interview with Frontiers magazine and that he was in a relationship with his partner of eighteen years, Brad Altman.

References 

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
LGBT people from California
Gay men
LGBT actors
1937 births
Living people
American bloggers
Gonzalo Eulogio Zárate (born 6 August 1984 in Rosario, Santa Fe) is an Argentine football player. He plays in Austria for FC Red Bull Salzburg as midfielder.

He started playing football in the youthteams of CA Lanús und CA Tiro Federal. Zarate played his first professional matches in the second league of Argentina for PCC San José. 2007 he went to Switzerland playing for SC Kriens (Second League), scoring five goals in five matches. Then he went on loan to Grasshopper-Club Zürich, after the loan the bought him . He scored 14 goals and was the most successful scorer in the team. In May 2010 he signed  with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. In his first year he played till now 25 matches and scored three goals and gave one assist.

Other websites 
FC Red Bull Salzburg Homepage:Gonzalo Zarate

References

1984 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
People from Rosario, Argentina
Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American and Confederate politician.  He was from Georgia.  Stephens was short and sickly for much of his life.  Stephens owned a fair number of slaves.  He served as a Whig congressman from 1843 to 1859.  Later, he became a member of the Constitutional Union Party and then a Democrat.  Stephens was the Vice-President of the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865.  While Vice-President, he tried to end the war and did not get along with Confederate President Jefferson Davis.  After the war, Stephens again was a U.S. Congressman, and was Governor of Georgia for a short time.

1812 births
1883 deaths
Confederate States of America
United States representatives from Georgia
Your Highness is a 2011 fantasy-comedy movie produced by Scott Stuber, Jon Mone, Danny McBride, Mark Huffam and Andrew Z. Davis, and directed by David Gordon Green. It was released on April 8, 2011 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 26% and Metacritic gave it a 31 out of 100.

Cast 
Danny McBride as Thadeous
James Franco as Fabious
Natalie Portman as Isabel
Zooey Deschanel as Belladonna
Justin Theroux as Leezar
Damian Lewis as Courtney
Toby Jones as Julie
Brian Steele
Charles Dance as The King and father of Thadeous and Fabious
Rasmus Hardiker as Courtney
Noah Huntley as Head Knight
Eva Wyrwal as Dwarf Queen
Amber Anderson as Maiden

Other websites
Your Highness' Official website 
 

2011 comedy movies
2011 fantasy movies
2010s American fantasy movies
American comedy movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies directed by David Gordon Green
Universal Pictures movies
Movies set in Belfast
The Baldwin apple is a bright red winter apple, very good in quality, and easily shipped. It was for many years the most popular apple in New England, New York, and for export from America.

History
According to local tradition, the apple was found near Wood Hill by William Butters (1665-1746), son of Will Butter, first white settler in what is now Wilmington, Massachusetts. William Butters raised the tree in his yard, near the present Baldwin Apple Monument (pictured).
According to S. A. Beach's Apples of New York, the Baldwin originated soon after 1740 as a chance seedling on the farm of Mr. John Ball of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and for about 40 years thereafter its cultivation was confined to that immediate neighborhood. The farm eventually came into the possession of a Mr. Butters, who gave the name Woodpecker to the apple because the tree was frequented by woodpeckers. The apple was long known locally as the Woodpecker or Pecker. It was also called the Butters. Deacon Samuel Thompson, a surveyor of Woburn, Massachusetts, brought it to the attention of Col. Loammi Baldwin of the same town.  Baldwin grew the apple and spread it across eastern Massachusetts. From Col. Baldwin's interest in the variety it came to be called the Baldwin.
A monument to the Baldwin apple now marks the location (on today's Chestnut street in Wilmington). The monument's inscription reads: This monument marks the site of the first Baldwin Apple Tree found growing wild near here. It fell in the gale of 1815. The apple first known as the Butters, Woodpecker or Pecker apple was named after Col. Loammi Baldwin of Woburn. Erected in 1895 by the Rumford Historical Association.
A harsh winter in 1934 wiped out many of the Baldwin apple orchards in New England. Its popularity as an eating apple waned, but some orchards were preserved for many years due to its desirability as a mixing apple for cider.  However, the orchards have not been replaced when they played out. Baldwin Apples, unlike many apples, have long been prized for the making of hard cider. "West County Cider" makes Baldwin Cider from trees planted in the early 1900s. It is their most popular cider.
The apple is noted for its particularly small to medium size (ca. 6–8 cm), when compared to other apples like the Macintosh.  It is an exceptionally hard apple and would remain remarkably free from blemishes and other blights with few pesticides being needed.  Because of its hardness it shipped well without bruising and for a time was prized for this quality.  Aside from cider making it was also known as an exceptionally good pie apple and due to its hardness would maintain more crispness through the baking than other apples would.
References 

 S. A. Beach, The Apples of New York, J. B. Lyon, Albany, 1905.

Apples
Massachusetts
Tropical Storm Agatha was a weak but devastating tropical cyclone which brought severe flooding across Central America. It was the deadliest Eastern Pacific storm since Hurricane Pauline in 1997. Agatha was the first storm of the 2010 Eastern Pacific hurricane season. The storm caused 190 deaths and $1.1 billion in damage across Central America.

East Pacific tropical storms
Deadly storms
2010 in weather
History of Central America
2010 in North America
Early life
Rebecca Renee Black was born on June 21, 1997, in Irvine, California. She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, who are veterinarians. Her mother is of half Mexican ancestry, and her father is from Iowa, is of Italian, English, and Polish ancestry. She has one younger brother named Chase (born August 25, 1999). Her parents divorced in 2003 when Black was in first grade. Her grandmother lives in Illinois. Black's aunts and uncles live around the United States.

Black originally attended private school from kindergarten to 6th grade. She moved to a public school due to bullying. She joined the school's musical theater program, which she felt being involved in was "meant to be," and that she became part of another family. In April 2011, She dropped out in favor of homeschooling because she needed to focus on her career and she wanted to avoid insults from her former classmates. She was also failing English class because of her busy schedule.

Albums

Studio albums
Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Selected singles

Movies

References

Other websites
 
 

American child singers
American pop musicians
American Internet celebrities
Singers from California
1997 births
Living people
People from Irvine, California
Lt. John B. Bibb (October 27, 1789, in Prince Edward County, Virginia - April 12, 1840) served in the War of 1812, represented Logan County in the Kentucky House of Representatives and the state Senate from 1827 to 1834.  

Lt. Bibb was also an amateur horticulturist and developed the modern Bibb lettuce at his mansion in Frankfort, Kentucky.  However, it wasn't offered commercially until 1935.

References

1789 births
1840 deaths
People with foods named after them
Military people from Virginia
Politicians from Kentucky
Politicians from Virginia
Bing is a cultivar (farmed type) of the wild or sweet cherry (Prunus avium) that started in the Pacific Northwest, in Milwaukie, Oregon, United States. The Bing remains a major cultivar in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. It is the most produced variety of sweet cherry in the United States.

History 
The cultivar was created as a crossbred graft from the Republican cherry in 1875 by Oregon horticulturist Seth Lewelling and his Manchurian Chinese foreman Ah Bing, for whom the cultivar is named.
Ah Bing 
Ah Bing was reportedly born in China and immigrated to the U.S. in about 1855. He worked as a foreman in the Lewelling family fruit orchards in Milwaukie for about 35 years, supervising other workers and caring for trees. He went back to China in 1889 for a visit. Due to the restrictions of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 he never returned to the United States. Some say Ah Bing developed the cultivar, others that it was developed by Lewelling and named in Bing's honour due to his long service as orchard foreman.

Horticultural production 

Bing cherries are used almost exclusively for fresh market. Bings are large, dark and firm cherries that ship well, but will crack open if exposed to rain near harvest.  A wet climate is required for the harvest of the bing cherry.
Health
Bing cherries are high in anti-oxidants. A study by the United States Department of Agriculture has shown that fresh Bing cherries may help sufferers of arthritis and gout. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that these are yet unproven claims.

References

Other websites
All about cherries 

Prunus
Dishes named after people
The Isle of Man Government () is the government of the Isle of Man.  The formal head of the Isle of Man Government is the Lieutenant Governor, representing HM Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann.  The executive head is the Chief Minister.

Douglas, the largest town on the Isle of Man is its capital and seat of government, where the Government offices and the parliament chambers () are located.

The Civil Service has more than 2000 employees and the total number of public sector employees including the Civil Service, teachers, nurses, police, etc. is about 9000 people. This is somewhat more than 10% of the population of the Island, and a full 23% of the working population. This does not include any military forces, as defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom.

Government structure
The Government consists of nine departments, ten statutory boards and three offices all reporting to the Council of Ministers. The departments all report directly to the Council of Ministers.
Statutory boards and offices are listed below the Department to which they report.

Council of Ministers
The Personnel Office
Civil Service Commission
Whitley Council (for manual workers)
Chief Secretary's Office
Attorney General's Chambers
Departments
Treasury
Financial Supervision Commission
Insurance and Pensions Authority
General Registry
Department of Home Affairs
Communications Commission
Department of Health
Department of Education and Children
Department of Economic Development
Office of Fair Trading
Isle of Man Post Office
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority
Manx Electricity Authority
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure
Department of Infrastructure
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture
Department of Social Care
Non-departmental bodies
 Manx National Heritage is a non-departmental organization, run by trustees appointed by Tynwald.
 The Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission is an independent body, originally created in 1960 as the Isle of Man Gaming Board, with members appointed by the Council of Ministers.
 The Isle of Man Data Protection Supervisor is responsible for the administration of data protection in the Isle of Man.

Ministers
Ministers

Treasury - Hon Anne Craine MHK
Department of Home Affairs - Hon Adrian Earnshaw MHK
Department of Health - Hon David Anderson MHK
Department of Education and Children - Hon Eddie Teare MHK
Department of Economic Development - Hon Allan Bell MHK
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure - Hon David Cretney MHK
Department of Infrastructure - Hon Phil Gawne MHK
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture - Hon John Shimmin MHK
Department of Social Care - Hon Martyn Quayle MHK
Statutory Boards
Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading
Chairman: Bill Henderson MHK
Chief Executive: Nick Black
Financial Supervision Commission
Chairman: Rosemary Penn
Chief Executive: John Aspden
Insurance and Pensions Authority
Chairman: vacant
Chief Executive: David Vick
Isle of Man Post Office
Chairman: Alan Crowe MLC
Chief Executive: Bill Collister
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority
Chairman: Tim Crookall MHK
Chief Executive: Patrick Heaton Armstrong
Manx Electricity Authority
Chairman: Quintin Gill MHK
Chief Executive: Ashton Lewis
Communications Commission
Chairman: Adrian Earnshaw MHK (Minister of Home Affairs ex-officio)
Director: Anthony Hewitt
Other Boards and Offices of Government
General Registry
Chief Registrar: Stephen Cregeen
Civil Service Commission
Chairman: John Houghton MHK
Chief Officer: Brenda Skillicorn
Manx Museum and National Trust (commonly called Manx National Heritage)
Chairman: Martin Moore
Director: Edmund Southworth
Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission
Chairman: Jane O'Rourke

Brief history

Lieutenant Governor
Before modern times the government of the Isle of Man was in the hands of the Governor (or Lieutenant Governor), who representated the Lord of Man, assisted by his Council, consisting of the other permanent officials (the Bishop, Archdeacon, Deemsters, Attorney General, etc.).  The Council became the Legislative Council, the upper chamber of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man.
Council of Ministers
After World War I the Lieutenant Governor gradually gave up control to Tynwald, a process guided by the reports of commissions and other bodies in 1911, 1959 and 1969. An Executive Council, chaired by him and including members of Tynwald, was established in 1949, and gradually thereafter became the effective government of the Island. Finance and the police came under local control between 1958 and 1976.  The Lieutenant Governor stopped chairing the Executive Council in 1980, and was replaced by a chairman elected by Tynwald, and the Council was reconstituted in 1985 to include the chairmen of the eight principal Boards; in 1986 they were given the title 'Minister' and the chairman was styled 'Chief Minister'. In 1990 the Council was renamed the 'Council of Ministers'.
Departments
During the 19th century several bodies, which came to be known as 'Boards of Tynwald', were created to exercise functions under democratic control. These included the Board of Education (1872), Highway Board (1874), Asylums Board (1888), Government Property Trustees (1891) and Local Government Board (1894).  However, although direct taxation was levied by Tynwald, the Boards' freedom of action before the 1960s was limited by the Lieutenant Governor's control of the Island's budget and his power to appoint certain of their members.

The structure of the Boards of Tynwald, along with other bodies variously called 'Statutory Boards' and 'Commercial Boards', became increasingly unwieldy after the 1950s, and was eventually reformed in the 1980s, when a system of 'ministerial government' was set up.
Until 1 April 2010 the Departments were as follows.  Created in 1985-87, they were the successors of the former Boards of Tynwald.
Treasury (1985)
Finance Board (1961–1985)
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (1986)
Board of Agriculture (1914–46)
Fishery Conservators (1882–1927), Fisheries Board (1927–46)
Board of Agriculture and Fisheries (1946–86)
Trustees of the Common Lands (1866–1915), Common Lands Board (1915–50), Forestry, Mines and Lands Board (1950–86)
Department of Education (1987)
Board of Education (1872–99), Council of Education (1899–1946), Isle of Man Board of Education (1946–2009) (The Board continued in existence as a popularly elected body, but with reduced functions, after the Department of Education was created in 1987; it was not finally dissolved until June 2009.)
Isle of Man Central Education Authority (1920–23), Isle of Man Education Authority (1923–68)
Department of Health and Social Security (1986)
Asylums Board (1888–1932), Mental Hospital Board (1932–48), Isle of Man Health Services Board (1948–86)
Old Age Pensions and National Health Insurance Board (1920–39), Health Insurance and Pensions Board (1939–46), Isle of Man Board of Social Services (1946–70), Isle of Man Board of Social Security (1970–86)
Department of Transport (1986) (originally Department of Highways, Ports and Properties; renamed 1994)
Committee of Highways (1776–1874), Highway Board (1874–1946), Isle of Man Highway and Transport Board (1946–86)
Commissioners for Harbours (1771–1872), Isle of Man Harbour Commissioners (1872–1948), Isle of Man Harbour Board (1948–86)
Isle of Man Airports Board (1948–86)
Government Property Trustees (1891–1986)
Department of Home Affairs (1986)
Isle of Man Police Board (1962–81), Home Affairs Board (1981–86)
Isle of Man Broadcasting Commission (1965–81)
Civil Defence Commission (1955–81)
Department of Trade and Industry (1986) (originally Department of Industry; renamed 1996)
Industry Board (1981–86)
Department of Local Government and the Environment (1986)
Local Government Board (1894–1946), Isle of Man Local Government Board (1946–86)
Department of Tourism and Leisure (1986) (originally Department of Tourism and Transport; renamed 1994)
Advertising Committee (1897–1904), Board of Advertising (1904–31), Isle of Man Publicity Board (1931–52), Isle of Man Tourist Board (1952–86)
Manx Electric Railway Board (1957–82), Isle of Man Passenger Transport Board (1982–86)
The structure and functions of the Departments were re-organised with effect from 1 April 2010. The existing Departments, except the Treasury and the Departments of Education and Home Affairs, were dissolved, and the Department of Education was renamed "the Department of Education and Children". The Departments and their functions are now as follows:
Treasury
taxation, internal audit, currency, census, elections
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure
passenger transport, culture, sport and recreation
Department of Economic Development
tourism, employment, merchant shipping, civil aviation, trade, industry, intellectual property, companies, information technology, e-business, financial services
Department of Education and Children
education
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture
agriculture, fisheries, animal health and welfare, plant health, food safety, burial and cremation, water pollution, environmental health, medicinal products
Department of Health
health services
health services
Department of Home Affairs
police, fire services, prisons, probation, emergency planning, civil defence
Department of Infrastructure
local government, road traffic, highways, harbours, airports, health and safety at work, planning and conservation, building control, waste disposal, public utilities, mines and minerals, licensing and registration of vehicles
Department of Social Care
social services, social security, mental health, social housing
Statutory Boards
As noted above, a number of 'Statutory Boards' and 'Commercial Boards' were created at various times.  Some were taken over by the Departments in 1985-1987, but others continued as separate Statutory Boards after 1987:
Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading (1998)
Consumer Council (1972–1981), Board of Consumer Affairs (1981–1998)
Financial Supervision Commission (1982)
Insurance and Pensions Authority (1996)
Insurance Authority (1986–1996)
Isle of Man Post Office (1993)
Isle of Man Post Office Authority (1972–1993)
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority (2010)
Isle of Man Water Board (1946–1972), Isle of Man Water Authority (1972–1974), Isle of Man Water and Gas Authority (1974–1985), Isle of Man Water Authority (1985–2010)
Isle of Man Gas Authority (1972–1974)
Manx Electricity Authority (1983)
Isle of Man Electricity Board (1932–1984)
Communications Commission (1989)
Telecommunications Commission (1985–1989)

References

Government of the Isle of Man
Member of the House of Keys, or MHK is the title given to a person who has been elected into the House of Keys, the lower house of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man. There are twenty-four Members of the House of Keys. Elections are held every five years; the last election took place in November 2006. The leader of the House is the Speaker of the House of Keys, Juan Watterson.

The House of Keys is in Douglas, the capital of the Isle of Man. The Old House of Keys, their former chamber, is in Castletown, the former capital. It is now a museum.

Isle of Man

en:Member of the House of Keys
Evolutionary developmental biology interprets development in the light of evolution and modern genetics. It is called for short 'evo-devo'.

In On the Origin of Species (1859), Charles Darwin proposed evolution through natural selection, a theory central to modern biology. Darwin recognised the importance of embryonic development in the understanding of evolution: 
"We can see why characters derived from the embryo should be of equal importance with those derived from the adult, for a natural classification of course includes all ages".

Ernst Haeckel (1866) proposed that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", that is, the development of the embryo of every species (ontogeny) repeats the evolutionary development of that species (phylogeny). Haeckel's concept explained, for example, why humans, and indeed all vertebrates, have gill slits and tails early in embryonic development. His theory has since been largely discredited.
The modern evolutionary synthesis 
A renewed interest in the evolution of development came after the modern evolutionary synthesis (roughly 1936 to 1947). The conventional view had been that evo-devo had little influence on the evolutionary synthesis, but the following suggests otherwise.

Gavin de Beer 
In Embryos and evolution (1930) Gavin de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially paedomorphosis in evolution.

According to his theories, paedomorphosis (the retention of juvenile features in the adult form) is important in evolution because juvenile tissues are relatively undifferentiated and capable of further evolution, whereas highly specialised tissues are less able to change.

He also conceived the idea of clandestine evolution, which helped to explain the sudden changes in the fossil record which were apparently at odds with Darwin's gradualist theory of evolution.
If a novelty were to evolve gradually in an animal's juvenile form, then its development might not appear in the fossil record at all, but if the species were then to undergo neoteny, in which sexual maturity is reached while in a juvenile form, then the feature would appear suddenly in the fossil record, despite having evolved gradually.

"In a series of remarkable books that established the synthetic theory of evolution, Gavin de Beer's Embryology and evolution was the first and the shortest (1930; expanded and retitled Embryos and ancestors, 1940; 3rd ed 1958). In 116 pages de Beer brought embryology into the developing orthodoxy... for more than forty years, this book has dominated English thought on the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny". Stephen Gould p221
Stephen Jay Gould called this approach to explaining evolution as terminal addition; as if every evolutionary advance was added as new stage by reducing the duration of the older stages. The idea was based on observations of neoteny. This was extended by the more general idea of heterochrony (changes in timing of development) as a mechanism for evolutionary change.

Neoteny and Man 

It has often been suggested that the human species is, at least to some extent, an example of neoteny. These features of adult humans are different from those of adult great apes, but more similar to those of juvenile apes:

These are some of the neotenous traits in humans: flattened face, broadened face, large brain, hairless body, hairless face, small nose, reduction of brow ridge, small teeth, small upper jaw (maxilla), small lower jaw (mandible), thinness of skull bones, limbs proportionately short compared to torso length, longer leg than arm length, larger eyes, and upright stance.
Even more significant is the way that humans continue to learn and play into adult life, whereas in apes (and other mammals) this kind of behaviour is usually shown only in juveniles. This strongly suggest that our brain activities are, at least in this respect, more similar to juvenile apes than to adult apes.

Genetics and evo-devo

E.B. Lewis 
Modern interest in evo-devo springs from clear proof that development is closely controlled by special genetic systems involving hox genes.

In a series of experiments with the fruit-fly Drosophila, Edward B. Lewis was able to identify a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The latter then activate or repress systems of cellular processes that accomplish the final development of the organism.
Furthermore, the sequence of these control genes show co-linearity: the order of the loci in the chromosome parallels the order in which the loci are expressed in segments along the body. Not only that, but this cluster of master control genes programs the development of all higher organisms.

Each of the genes contains a homeobox, a remarkably conserved DNA sequence, which is similar in many widely different animals. This suggests the complex itself arose by gene duplication. In his Nobel lecture, Lewis said "Ultimately, comparisons of the [control complexes] throughout the animal kingdom should provide a picture of how the organisms, as well as the [control genes] have evolved".

In 2000, a special section of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) was devoted to evo-devo, and an entire 2005 issue of the Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution was devoted to the key evo-devo topics of evolutionary innovation and morphological novelty.
Further reading 
Carroll, Sean B. 2005. Endless forms most beautiful: the new science of evo devo. New York: Norton.

References 

Evolutionary biology
Developmental biology
James Anthony "Tony" Brown (born 5 January 1950) is a Manx politician. He is the current Chief Minister of the Isle of Man and Member of the House of Keys for Castletown. 

Tony Brown was educated at Castle Rushen and was an electrician. He owned Tony Brown Electrics in Castletown until its closure in 2010. He was elected as a member of Castletown Commissioners (town council) in 1976, becoming Chairman in 1980 before being elected as the Castletown MHK in 1981 at his first attempt. In 2000, he was defeated in his attempt to become Speaker of the House of Keys by David Cannan but instead became the Deputy Speaker.  Following the 2001 General Election, he was elected Speaker and in January 2002, Deputy President of Tynwald.

He was reelected in November 2006 as MHK, beating Roy Redmayne by 915 votes to 335.
Governmental positions
Minister of Health and Social Security, 1986–89
Minister of Local Government and the Environment, 1989–94
Minister of Tourism and Leisure, 1994–96
Minister of Transport, 1996–2001
Chief Minister, 2006–

Brown Council

References

1950 births
Living people

Manx politicians
The Chief Minister (Manx: Ard-choylargh) is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government. He is the Prime Minister of the island.

The office comes from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but afterwards the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man.  The title was changed to "Chief Minister" in 1986.

The Chief Minister is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor on the nomination of Tynwald after a general election of the House of Keys.  He holds office until the next general election (i.e., for 5 years), and is eligible for re-appointment, but may be removed from office by Tynwald on a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers.
After the general election in November 2006, Mr John Shimmin MHK, Mr Stephen Rodan MHK (Minister for Health and Social Security) and Mr David Cannan MHK (former Minister for the Treasury) tried to become Chief Minister, but none got enough votes in Tynwald. On a second vote Mr Tony Brown (Speaker of the House of Keys) was nominated unopposed.

Chief Ministers 
Miles Walker MHK (December, 1986 - December 3, 1996)
Donald Gelling MLC (December 3, 1996 - December 4, 2001)
Richard Corkill MHK (December 4, 2001 - December 14, 2004)
Allan Bell MHK (December 14, 2004, caretaker as Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
Donald Gelling MLC (December 14, 2004 - December 14, 2006)
Tony Brown MHK (December 14, 2006 – Present)

Elections

Related pages
Chief Minister
Chairman of the Executive Council

References

Government of the Isle of Man
The Lieutenant Governor () is the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann, who is currently Queen Elizabeth II. He/she has the power to grant Royal Assent and is styled His Excellency. 

The official residence of the Governor is Government House, Governor's Road, Onchan.

The Lieutenant Governor had all judicial, fiscal (tax raising) and executive power. In about 1900 they had more power over the island than any other Commonwealth leader had in their colony or Dominion.  However, he lost his role as Head of the Judiciary and as Head of Government in 1961, as President of Legislative Council in 1980 and finally as President of Tynwald in 1990.  Today the role of Lieutenant Governor is mainly ceremonial. Some powers under Isle of Man legislation do still fall to the Governor or Governor-in-Council.
Proposed change to title
In October 2005 Tynwald wanted to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner.  This proposal was sent to the British Department of Constitutional Affairs  for submission to the Lord of Mann Elizabeth II for approval. However, in April 2006, after much public disapproval, Tynwald rejected their own proposal and withdrew their request for Royal Assent. Thus the Lieutenant Governor will remain as currently titled.
List of lieutenant governors
Henry Hope (1773-1775)
Richard Dawson (1775-1790)
Alexander Shaw (1790-1804)
Henry Murray (1804-1805)
Cornelius Smelt (1805-1832)
Major General The Honourable John Ready (1832-1845)
The Honourable Charles Hope (1845-1860)
Mark Hildesley Quayle (1860) acting
Francis Pigott Stainsby Conant (1860-1863)
Mark Hildesley Quayle (1863) acting
Sir Henry Brougham Loch KCB, Baron Loch (1863-1882)
Sir Spencer Walpole (1882-1893)
Joseph West Ridgeway (1893-1895)
John Henniker-Major, 5th Baron Henniker (1895-1902)
George Fitzroy Henry Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan (1902-1918)
William Fry (1918-1925)
Claude Hill (1925-1932)
Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (1932-1937)
Vice Admiral William Spencer Leveson-Gower, the Earl Granville, KG, KCVO, CB, DSO (1937-1945)
Air Vice Marshal Sir Geoffrey Rhodes Bromet, KBE, CB, DSO (1945-1952)
Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas, KCIE, CSI (1952-1959)
Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey, KCMG, KCVO (1959-1966)
Sir Peter Hyla Gawne Stallard, KCMG, CVO, MBE (1966-1974)
Sir John Warburton Paul, GCMG, OBE, MC (1974-1980)
Rear Admiral Sir Nigel Cecil, KBE, CB (1980-1985)
Major General Sir Laurence New, CB, CBE (1985-1990)
Air Marshal Sir Laurence Jones, KCB, AFC (1990-1995)
Sir Timothy Daunt, KCMG (1995-2000)
Air Marshal Ian David Macfadyen, CB, OBE (2000-2005)
Deemster Michael Kerruish QC (2005) acting
Vice Admiral Sir Paul Kenneth Haddacks, KCB (2005-2011)
Adam Kenneth Compton Wood (2011 - 2016)
Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney, KCMG CVO KStJ (2016-present)
Related pages
Governors of the Isle of Man
King of Mann
Lord of Mann

Lieutenant Governors of the Isle of Man, List of
David Doyle QC was the First Deemster of the Isle of Man.  He was appointed in 2010  and used to be a partner of in the law firm of Dickinson, Cruickshank & Co from 1985 - 2010.  He was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) in 1982 and the Manx Bar in 1984.

In November 2010 it was announced that he would take up the position of First Deemster following the death of Michael Kerruish earlier in the year. Doyle was sworn in on December 20, 2010. His appointment ended on July 31st 2018.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Manx people
British lawyers
Judiciary of the Isle of Man
Nova Bus is a company which makes buses for public transit, and is owned by Volvo. Created in 1993, Nova Bus continued the production of the Classic and Rapid Transit Series models previously made by General Motors and Motor Coach Industries. Nova Buses are used in many cities across North America, including New York, Quebec City, Montreal and Calgary.

Nova Bus has three factories in which the buses are built; Plattsburgh, New York, St-François-du-Lac, Quebec, and St-Eustache, Quebec.

Buses
Nova Bus has produced seven types of buses, including three which are no longer made.

References

Automobile companies of Sweden
Bus transport
A deemster () is a judge in the Isle of Man. The Isle of Man is self-governing. It keeps some of its traditions, and has a long past history.

The High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man is presided over by a deemster. In the appeal division, a deemster and the Judge of Appeal preside.  The deemsters also make the Isle of Man's laws official, by reading them out to the people in English and Manx on Tynwald Day.

The First and Second Deemsters used to have seats in the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man. The Second Deemster lost his seat in 1965, and the First Deemster lost his in 1975.

There are currently three full time Deemsters in the Isle of Man. These are the First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls (who is also the Deputy Governor), the Second Deemster, and an additional full-time Deemster. Additional deemsters, full-time or part-time, may be appointed from time to time.
The offices of First Deemster, Second Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls are ancient offices. The offices of First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls were joined in 1918. A new office of Deputy Deemster was created in 2002, but abolished in 2009. 

The First Deemster, Second Deemster and Judge of Appeal are appointed by the monarch, (acting on the advice of the UK's Secretary of State for Justice). The First Deemster acts in place of the Lieutenant Governor in the latter's absence, or during a vacancy in that office.

References

Related pages
 Tynwald

Other websites
 Isle of Man Courts

Judiciary of the Isle of Man
Law occupations
The coat of arms of the Isle of Man, or The Arms of Her Majesty in right of the Isle of Man (their formal name as the Isle of Man is a Crown dependency).  The arms were adopted on 12 July 1996.

History
The Arms of Her Majesty in right of the Isle of Man were granted by Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann on 12 July 1996. They are a form of the traditional arms.  It has a threefold rotational symmetry.

The traditional arms date back to the 13th century. The arms are recorded in the English Walford's Roll, and Camden Roll, as well as the French Wijbergen Roll. In the Camden Roll the arms are shown as: gules, three mailed  legs embowed, and conjoined at the thighs, argent; the original Norman French blazon reads: "l'escu de gules, a treis iambes armes". or Red, 3 bent legs in armour, joined at the top of the thighs, silver.

Symbolism

Escutcheon
Escutcheon

The escutcheon is emblazoned: Gules a triskele argent garnished and spurred Or. The triskele (or triskelion) is an ancient symbol, consisting of three branches or legs, that radiate from a centre. The symbol is found on the Isle of Man, and earlier on Sicily. The Manx triskelion is known in the Manx language as tre cassyn "the three legs". The symbol has been associated with the island since at least the 13th century.
It is unknown how the tre cassyn were originally adopted, and several theories have been put forward their origin. In 1607, English historian William Camden stated that the tre cassyn were derived from the Sicilian triskelion. In 1885 John Newton considered the tre cassyn to have originated in the mid 13th century, when the Pope offered the throne of Sicily to Edmund, son of King Henry III of England. Newton noted that the wife of King Alexander III of Scotland was Henry's daughter, and that Alexander visited the English court in 1255. Later in 1266, Norway ceded the Isle of Man to the Kingdom of Scotland, and Newton considered it likely that Alexander utilised the triskelion for the arms of his new possession. It has also been suggested that the ancestry of the tre cassyn can be traced to the triquetra in a coin of Amlaíb Cuarán, a 10th-century Norse-Gael warlord who was king of Northumbria and king of Dublin
. Lending credibility to this theory is the current belief that the mediaeval Manx dynasty was related to that of Amlaíb Cuarán. However, the gap between the 10th century and late 13th century, when the tre cassyn is first recorded, is wide indeed, and it has been noted that several kings from this period are known to have borne a galley as their emblem, and not the tre cassyn.
Early examples of the symbol are present in the Royal Arms ascribed to the King of Mann in several late 13th century armorials. The tre cassyn also appears on the Manx Sword of State, which is popularly said to date to the time of King Amlaíb mac Gofraid (d. 1237), although recent analysis has shown it more likely dates to about the 15th century. Another example can be seen on a 14th-century stone cross in the churchyard of Maughold. Another is example is a late 14th century seal of Sir William le Scrope, Lord of Mann, in which the tre cassyn are depicted in plate armour, rather than mail. Early representations of the tre cassyn show the legs running clockwise, and later representations show the legs running in both directions.
Supporters
The peregrine falcon is derived from the time of King John I of Mann. In 1405, he was granted the Isle of Man, on condition he paid homage to King Henry IV of England, and gave two peregrine falcons to him and every future English king their Coronation Day. The descendants of John I ruled the Isle of Man until King George III of Great Britain as the Lords of Mann. The presentation of falcons continued on, until the coronation of King George IV, in 1822.

In keeping with the Viking history of the island, the raven featured in Norse mythology. The chief god Odin was accompanied by the two ravens Huginn and Muninn.

Motto
The motto is quocunque jeceris stabit, which is Latin and means: "whichever way you shall have thrown [it], it shall stand". The motto dates to the 17th century, where it is first recorded as being present on Manx coinage dating to the year 1668. It is possible that the motto became associated to the tre cassyn through these coins.
Related pages
 List of coats of arms of the United Kingdom and dependencies
 Flag of the Isle of Man

References

Isle of Man
Isle of Man
Patricia T. Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress and movie director. She played the lead character in the supernatural drama television series Medium. She also starred in other TV series and in many movies. She won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for her role in Boyhood in 2015.

Early life
Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is the daughter of Lewis Arquette, an actor, and Brenda Olivia "Mardi" (née Nowak), an actress, poet, theater operator, activist, acting teacher, and therapist. Arquette's mother was Jewish, the daughter of a Holocaust survivor from Poland and Russia. Arquette's father was of English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and Welsh descent and a convert to Islam from Catholicism, and was related to explorer Meriwether Lewis. Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette; her siblings are actors Rosanna, Alexis, Richmond, and David Arquette.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1968 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Virginia
American movie actors
American television actors
Jewish American actors
Arquette family
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Downtown is a popular Japanese comedy duo that features members, Hitoshi Matsumoto and Masatoshi Hamada. They first became a comedy duo in 1983 when they went on Yoshimoto Kōgyō: NSC (New Star Creation). They are known for acting on the television show, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! along with another comedy duo, Cocorico. Matsumoto is the boke of the duo and he will often put up with light physical abuse (it is also common for the tsukkomi to slap the boke on top of his head whenever he says something rude or ridiculous) from Hamada who is the tsukkomi. They have also created the televisions series, Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji, Downtown DX and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ.

Other websites
Downtown's Official website 

Japanese comedians
No Way Out was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 15, 2004 at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. It was the 5th No Way Out event. Seven matches were scheduled on the event's card. The main event between Eddie Guerrero and Brock Lesnar was quoted by Kevin Sowers from PWTorch  as being "one to remember for a long time".

Background

Matches

References

Other websites 
The Official No Way Out Website
No Way Out at In Demand.com

2004 in professional wrestling
Sports in California
WWE No Way Out
2004 in California
2004 in American television
February events

es:WWE No Way Out#2004
There are many translations of the Bible in English. 

People don't agree about what is the "original Bible". Because there are many versions of Greek and Latin Bibles, there are also many versions of the English Bible.
 
Some translations are word-for-word from the original language. These translations are usually difficult to read. Other translations are idea-for-idea. These translations change the ideas of the original Bible into English. Some idea-for-idea translations use very easy English. Literal translations are difficult for some people to understand. But, non-literal translations can change the meaning. "Dynamic Equivalence" means making the Bible easy to read, without changing the meaning.

Modern English Bible Versions

Christian Translations
Most English Bible translations are written from a Christian point of view.
The King James Version
The Authorized King James Version (KJV) is very popular. Many parts of it are literal (word-for-word) translations of the original Greek and Hebrew. The KJV Bible was produced from 1604 to 1611, as a revision of the Bishops Bible. Since 1600, many English words have changed. Because the KJV Bible is 400 years old, it is more difficult to read.  But even though it is 400 years old, many expressions and idioms used in everyday modern English come from the KJV.

Since 1611, the first KJV Bible has been changed.  The edition usually used today is the 1769 edition. The new versions, which are revisions of the KJV include the Revised Version (1885), the Revised Standard Version (1952), the New Revised Standard Version (1989), and the English Standard Version (2001).

Other Translations
The New English Bible (1970) - from the United Kingdom. This was a fresh ecumenical translation.
Letters to Young Churches (1958) - by John Bertram Phillips. This is a translation of the New Testament Epistles (Letters).

The Living Bible (1971) - by Kenneth N Taylor. This is a paraphrase of the American Standard Version (1901).

The Good News Bible (1976) - from the American Bible Society. This is one of the most popular Bibles.

The New International Bible (1978) - This Bible is between the King James Version (very literal) and the Good News Bible (very informal).

The New Living Translation (1996) - a new version of "The Living Bible".

On the internet, there are many translations of the Bible. You can read virtual Bibles. If you want to read part of the Bible, you can print that part. This is called "print on demand".

Today, there are many translations that are literal, not literal, and between. The Young's Literal Translation is very literal.  The Message Bible and The Word on the Street are not literal.
Gender Neutral Versions
In the Bible, men and women are equal. They just have different roles. Men are supposed to be the dominant figures in society. Some new translations weaken male dominance. These translations are called feminist, gender neutral, or gender accurate. 

Some gender-neutral translations are: the New Revised Standard Version (1989), the Revised English Bible (1989), Today's New International Version (2005), New International Version (2011). The English Standard Version (2001) also tries to be more equal.

Simplified English Bibles
Many people have written simpler Bibles. These Bibles use few words. Some are written for non-native speakers of English.

World English Bible
The World English Bible is a version of the Bible written in modern English. It began in 1997 and was a revision of the American Standard Version 1997. The project began with the goal of producing an English-language version of the Bible that does not use older English nor Basic English.