Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Gian Gastone de' Medici (24 May 1671 – 9 July 1737) was the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany. He was the second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans. His sister, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the Electress Palatine, married him to Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697. The two remained childless and it was common knowledge that Gian Gastone was homosexual. Gian Gastone succeeded his father as Grand Duke in 1723.

In his reign he reversed all his father's laws and stopped taxes for poorer people, repealed (got rid of) the anti-Jewish laws and stopped public executions. His father, Cosimo III, wanted the his sister to succeed him but Spain, Great Britain, Austria and the Dutch Republic disregarded and made Charles III of Spain his heir. Charles changed his claim to Francis III of Lorraine. Francis then became the Grand Duke on 9 July 1737 ending almost 300 years of Medici rule over Florence.
Titles and styles 
 24 May 1671 - 30 October 1713: His Highness Prince Gian Gastone
 30 October 1713 - 31 October 1723: His Royal Highness The Grand Prince [of Tuscany]
 31 October 1723 - 9 July 1737: His Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duke [of Tuscany]

1671 births
1737 deaths
Grand Princes of Tuscany
LGBT royalty
Grand Dukes of Tuscany
Marguerite Louise d'Orléans (28 July 1645 – 17 September 1721) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany, as the wife of Grand Duke Cosimo III de' Medici. Deprived of her lover, Charles V of Lorraine, Marguerite Louise despised her husband and his family, whom she often quarrelled with and falsely suspected of attempting to poison her. Marguerite Louise reconciled with the Medici on more than one occasion, however, only to promptly resume hostilities.

Having become Grand Duke of Tuscany upon his father's death, in 1670, Cosimo III, under the sway of his mother, Vittoria della Rovere, refused to grant Marguerite Louise entry to the Privy Council. Thus without political influence, Marguerite Louise sorted the education of her eldest son, Grand Prince Ferdinando. Two more children followed: Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine, and Gian Gastone, the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany.
In June 1675, Marguerite Louise was allowed to return to France to live in a convent in Paris. She was a daughter of Gaston de France, Duke of Orléans. Although the contract, banned her from leaving the convent, Marguerite Louise often went to her cousin Louis XIV's court at Versailles. She was at the centre of many scandals at the convent, including an attempt to burn it down, which greatly irritated her husband, who, despite the separation, took great interest in Marguerite Louise's life. While still technically married, Marguerite Louise had several affairs.

Children
Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany (b.1663 d.1713)
Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine (b.1667 d.1743)
Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1671 d.1737)

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles
Titles and styles

28 July 1645 – 12 June 1661 Her Royal Highness "Mademoiselle d'Orléans" [Grand daughter of France] 
12 June 1661 – 23 May 1670 Her Royal Highness The Grand Princess of Tuscany
23 May 1670 - 5 February 1691 His Highness  The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany
5 February 1691 - 17 September 1721 Her Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany

1645 births
1721 deaths
Grand Princesses of Tuscany
House of Orléans
House of Bourbon
Grand Duchesses of Tuscany
Life
Anna Maria Luisa was the only daughter of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, a niece of Louis XIII of France. On her marriage to Elector Johann Wilhelm II, she became Electress Palatine, and, patronised a lot of musicians. As Johann Wilhelm had syphilis, the union with Anna Maria Luisa produced no children. In 1713 Cosimo III altered the Tuscan laws of succession to allow the accession of his daughter, and spent his final years canvassing the European powers to agree to recognise this statute. However, in 1735, as part of a territorial arrangement, the European powers appointed Francis Stephen of Lorraine as heir, and he duly ascended the Tuscan throne in her stead. After the death of Johann Wilhelm, Anna Maria Luisa returned to Florence, where she enjoyed the rank of first lady until the accession of her brother Gian Gastone de' Medici, who banished her to the Villa La Quiete.
When Gian Gastone died in 1737, Francis Stephen's envoy offered Anna Maria Luisa the position of regent of Tuscany but she declined. Her death, in 1743, brought the House of Medici to an end.

1667 births
1743 deaths
House of Medici
House of Wittelsbach
Tuscan princes and princesses
Electors and Electresses
Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest child of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria. His 49-year rule saw the Medici Bank fail. 
He married Vittoria della Rovere, with whom he had two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, his eventual successor, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, a Prince of the Church.

Children

Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany (19 December 1639 - 21 December 1639) died in infancy.
Unnamed son (1640).
Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (14 August 1642 – 31 October 1723) married Marguerite Louise d'Orléans and had children. 
Francesco Maria de' Medici (12 November 1660 – 3 February 1711) married Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga, no children.

Titles and styles

14 July 1610 – 28 February 1621 His Highness The Grand Prince of Tuscany
28 February 1621 – 23 May 1670 His Highness The Most Serene Grand Duke of Tuscany

1610 births
1670 deaths
Grand Princes of Tuscany
Grand Dukes of Tuscany
In the United States of America, there has usually only been two main political parties. But there are many different factions with varying viewpoints within the two main parties. Since the 1860s, the two main parties have been the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Currently, the Republican Party has the most seats in the House of Representatives while the Democrats have the most seats in the Senate. The Vice President, a Democrat, holds a tie breaking vote in the United States Senate.

The United States currently has two major political parties: the Democrats and the Republicans. But there are other parties that aren't as represented in the United States government and are usually underfunded or misrepresented. Usually these smaller parties aren’t as well known, which makes it difficult for them to win elections. The major parties have a duopoly, meaning that they share almost all the political power in the country. Most constitutional republic countries have more than two parties.
The three largest parties aside from the two main political parties are the Libertarian Party, Green Party of the United States, and the Constitution Party in respective order.

Democratic Party
Democratic Party 

The Democratic Party was started in 1828 as a pro-slavery party and the first President was Andrew Jackson in 1829. However, through the economic resurgence after the Great Depression in the 1930s and 1940s, as well as the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, the Democratic party became a proponent of racial equality. Many 20th century United States Presidents such as Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton and 21st century presidents such as  Barack Obama and Joe Biden are Democrats. They have 48 out of 100 seats in the U.S. Senate (independents caucusing with the democratic party hold two seats in the U.S. senate) and 222 out of 435 seats in the House of Representatives. 24 out of 50 state governors are also Democrats. The party generally promotes liberalism and is often classed as a center-left to left-wing party. Currently, the party has 60 million registered voters across America.
The party's philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy. These interventions, such as the introduction of social programs, anti-gun laws, support for labor unions, affordable college tuitions, moves toward universal health care and equal opportunity, consumer protection and environmental protection form the core of the party's economic policy.

Republican Party
Republican Party 

The Republican Party was started in 1854 as an anti-slavery party and its first President was Abraham Lincoln in 1861. Others include Ulysses S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison, Theodore Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush and Donald Trump. In the Nixon years, there was a shift to appeal to the implicit racial biases of white voters that did not like the civil rights movement of the 1960's in what is called the southern strategy. This strategy created the appearance of equity while ignoring minorities in the process. 26 out of 50 states have a Republican governor. It has around 55 million registered voters across America. Currently, the Republican Party is identified as conservative.
The party philosophy centers around social and economic independence, and a capitalist economic system. It is also known for its anti-abortion efforts, pro-gun laws, anti-regulatory policy, and reduction of government intervention in the economy as well as being in support of privatized health care. The party believes in lower taxes, less social programs, and personal liberty.

Independents
Independents  

There are over 420 registered political parties in the United States of America, with many different blends of political viewpoints. However, there are only two nationally recognized political parties, the Republicans and Democrats. Most of the other parties fall under those two political parties with variations, or under other ideological umbrellas, like Progressive, Libertarian, Conservative, Socialist, Communist, etc. They are either underfunded or undersupported and highly suppressed. Nearly 44% of politically active citizens prefer to identify as Independent because of this suppression.{{}} It is less common to achieve political influence in modern government functions, but some lawmakers such as Joe Lieberman may retire their parties with their careers.

Famous examples include:

 1st President: George Washington
 Presidential Candidate: Evan McMullin (2016)
 Presidential Candidate: Ross Perot (1992)
 Senator and Presidential Candidate: Bernie Sanders (Caucuses with Democratic Party)
Related pages  
List of presidents of the United States

References

Sources
https://news.gallup.com/poll/15370/party-affiliation.aspx

Independent politicians
PQ, meaning "Practical Intelligence Quotient", or "Intelligent License" in Japan, is a video game that measures your intelligence through 3-D puzzles involving everyday objects. The player tries to reach the pillar of light at the end of the level while avoiding obstacles and traps.

Gameplay
A game has 10 stages, which have 10 levels each. The light at the end of a level is your destination. Obstacles and traps try to fail you your way to the goal at the same time.

Other modes

Practice
In the game, the player can practice their skills in the levels with no worries about time.

Tutorial
Five basic steps to help you play the game.

Reception
The game received fairly good reviews from critics. For example the game was given a 69 on Metacritic and a 7.4/10 on Gamespot, as well as a 71% on GameRankings Aggregation.

Sequel
A sequel was released for the game in 2007. It was PQ2: Practical Intelligence Quotient 2 or Intelligent License 2 and worked pretty much the same, but had a puzzle creator.

References
References

Other websites
 Metacritic: Media Critic: Official Site

2005 video games
St. Anne's Catholic Secondary School is a Catholic high school in Clinton, Ontario, Canada. It is known for it's sports teams and good marks. It serves students from grades nine to twelve. The motto of St. Anne's is "in alis aquilae" which is Latin for "on eagle's wings". This motto comes from the Bible (the Book of Isaiah, Chapter 40).

Beginnings

St. Anne's was built in the town of Clinton, Ontario. When the school opened only 139 students went there. The students came from Huron County. In 2009, 600 people went there. The school was built to provide a French and faith-based education. St. Anne's is the only French-Immersion Catholic school in the county.

The school board is the Huron-Perth Catholic District School Board (HPCDSB).

Uniforms

St. Anne's is a uniform school, the only in the region and school board. The uniform consists of what a teen would normally wear, however the clothes are either plaid, navy, burgundy, kaki or white.

Faith-Based Education
St. Anne's is a Catholic school. Most students are Roman Catholics, however students of other religions are allowed and welcome in the school. All students must take a religion course each school year. To graduate, students need four religion credits. This course is offered in French Immersion.

Extra Curricular

St. Anne's has many sports teams and clubs. The most popular team are the boy's rugby and hockey teams. Girls' teams consists of the popular field hockey and rugby teams.

Sports Teams

St. Anne's sports teams include:
Badminton
Basketball
Cross-country running
Curling
Golf
Hockey 
Rugby
Swimming
Track-and-field.

Clubs

St. Anne's has numerous clubs and groups. They include:
Band (An extension of music class, it is responsible for music at masses, assemblies and concerts)
Chess Club
Enviro-Club
God-Squad (A religious group)
The Math Team
Me to We
Students for Life (Anti-abortion group)
Writers' Guild (Creative writing)
St. Anne's also has a Student Cabinet. Elections are held in the spring. Student Cabinet is in charge projects like dances and fundraisers. Each member of Student Cabinet has their own job relating to their elected position.

References

Other websites
 St. Anne's official website 
 The Ministry of Education of Ontario's website
 The Huron-Perth Catholic District School Board's website

Schools in Ontario
1995 establishments in Canada
In Italy, there is a multi-party system. This means that it is unlikely for any one party to gain a majority in the Italian parliament and so coalitions between several parties must be formed.

Major parties

Major parties are parties with representation in the Italian parliament.

Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d'Italia) - A right-wing to far-right party that promotes national conservatism and right-wing populism. It's leader is Giorgia Meloni, who has been Prime Minister of Italy since 22 October 2022.

Five Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle) - A party that promotes populism, environmentalism and direct democracy. It's leader, Giuseppe Conte, was a former Italian Prime Minister.

Democratic Party (Partito Democratico) - A centre-left party that promotes social democracy.

Northern League (Lega Nord) - A right-wing federalist party which wants to make the region of Italy called Padania an independent country.

Forza Italia - A centre-right conservative party.

Action (Azione) - A centrist and liberal party.
Italy Alive (Italia Viva) - A centrist and liberal party.

Green Europe (Europa Verde) - A left-wing green party.

Italian Left (Sinistra Italiana) - A left-wing democratic socialist and eco-socialist party.

South Tyrolean People's Party (Südtiroler Volkspartei (German language)) - A regionalist political party in South Tyrol, an autonomous province with a German-speaking majority in northern Italy.

Minor parties

Having a minor representation in elective bodies with less than 4% of the vote in the 2008 general election:
The People of Freedom (Il Popolo della Libertà) - A centre-right party that promotes liberal conservatism, Christian democracy and liberalism
 Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani) - Liberal
 Alliance for Italy (Alleanza per l'Italia) - Centrist, Christian Democracy
 We the South (Noi Sud) - Centrist, Wants the South of Italy to become independent
 Movement for Autonomies (Movimento per le Autonomie) - Centrist, Christian democracy, More independence for Sicily
 The Populars of Italy Tomorrow (I Popolari di Italia Domani) - Christian democratic, Based in Sicily
 Left Ecology Freedom (Sinistra Ecologia Libertà) - Democratic socialism, eco-socialism
 Communist Refoundation Party (Partito della Rifondazione Comunista) - Communist
 Party of Italian Communists (Partito dei Comunisti Italiani) - Communist
 Populars for Italy (Popolari per l'Italia) - Christian democratic, Based in Sicily
 The Right (La Destra) - National conservatism, social conservatism, libertarianism
Populars for the South (Popolari per il Sud) - Centrist
 Italian Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Italiano) - Centre-left, social democracy
 Federation of the Greens (Federazione dei Verdi) - Eco-socialism, Anti-globalisation, Pacificm
 Tricolour Flame (Fiamma Tricolore) - Fascism, nationalism
 Italian Republican Party (Partito Repubblicano Italiano) - Liberal
 European Republicans Movement (Movimento Repubblicani Europei) - Centre-left, social liberalism
 Italian Liberal Party (Partito Liberale Italiano) - Liberal
 Liberal Democrats (Liberal Democratici) - Centrism, Social liberalism
 White Rose (Rosa Bianca) - Centrism, Christian democracy
 Alliance of the Centre (Alleanza di Centro) - Christian democratic
 Workers' Communist Party (Partito Comunista dei Lavoratori) - Communism, Trotskyism
 New Force (Forza Nuova) - Fascism, nationalism, Third position economics
 Critical Left (Sinistra Critica) - Communism, Trotskyism
Citizens' Political Movement (Movimento Politico dei Cittadini) - Left-wing, populist
 Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano) - Social democracy
 Libertarian Movement (Movimento Libertario) - Libertarianism
 Italian Union Movement (Movimento Unione Italiano) - Social liberalism
 Future and Freedom (Futuro e Libertà) - A centre-right party which promotes liberal conservatism and national conservatism.
 Union of Christian and Centre Democrats - A centrist party which promotes Christian democracy and social conservatism.
 Italy of Values (Italia dei Valori) - A centrist party which promotes populism and anti-corruption.
Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (6 November 1636 - 13 June 1676) was the wife of the Elector of Bavaria Ferdinand Maria. She had much influence and with her husband did much to improve the Electorate of Bavaria, her adopted country.  She was a daughter of Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy.

She was the older of twins. Her twin sister was Catherine Beatrice of Savoy. Her mother was Christine of France, daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. Christine was regent for her brother Charles Emmanuel II. 

On 8 December 1650 she married Ferdinand Maria, future Elector of Bavaria. The next year Ferdinand Maria became Elector, when his father Maximilian died. Henriette Adelaide had a lot of influence on Bavarian politics, in favor of France. This led to her eldest daughter marrying the Grand Dauphin in 1680. She also had a great part in the building of Nymphenburg Palace and the Theatinerkirche.

Issue
Issue

 Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria 28 November 1660 – 20 April 1690) married Louis, Grand Dauphin and had issue; present King of Spain descends from her.
 Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), next Elector of Bavaria; married Maria Antonia of Austria and had issue; married Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska and had issue.
 Luise Margarete Antonie of Bavaria.
 Ludwig Amadeus Victor of Bavaria.
 Kajetan Maria Franz of Bavaria.
 Joseph Clemens of Bavaria (5 December 1671 – 12 November 1723) Elector and Archbishop of Cologne.
 Violante Beatrice of Bavaria (3 April 1673 – 3 June 1731) married Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany.

Other websites

1636 births
1676 deaths
House of Savoy
House of Wettin
Twin people
Mariana Victoria of Spain (31 March 1718 – 15 January 1781) sometimes Maria Anna Victoria was an Infanta of Spain by birth and was later the Queen of Portugal as wife of King Joseph I. The eldest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. Under the influence of the Duke of Bourbon she was engaged to the young Louis XV of France at the age of seven. Rejected due to her age, the marriage never took place and she was sent back to Spain. In 1729 she was married to the son of John V of Portugal. Her husband became the King on 31 July 1750. The mother of Maria I of Portugal she also acted as regent of Portugal during the last months of her husbands life and acted as advisor to her daughter in her reign.

Life in France
Life in France

Under the influence of the Duke of Bourbon she was engaged to the young King Louis XV of France at the age of seven when she moved to the Palace of Versailles and was placed in the care of the Dowager Princess of Conti. Eventually due to her age she was unable to have children and was sent back to Spain in 1729. This caused a rift between the royal courts of Spain and France.

Issue
Maria I of Portugal (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) married Infante Pedro of Portugal and had issue. Later queen of Portugal.
Mariana Francisca of Portugal (7 October 1736 – 6 May 1813) died unmarried.
Doroteia of Portugal (21 September 1739 – 14 January 1771) died unmarried.
Benedita of Portugal (25 July 1746 – 18 August 1829) married Infante Joseph, Prince of Beira, no issue.
Titles and styles
 31 March 1718 – 19 January 1729: Her Royal Highness The Infanta Dona Mariana Victoria of Spain
 19 January 1729 – 31 July 1750: Her Royal Highness the Princess of Brazil, Duchess of Braganza
 31 July 1750 – 29 November 1776: Her Most Faithful Majesty the Queen of Portugal and the Algarves
 29 November 1776 – 24 February 1777: Her Most Faithful Majesty the Queen Regent of Portugal and the Algarves
 24 February 1777 – 15 January 1781: Her Most Faithful Majesty the Queen Mother of Portugal and the Algarves

Other websites
 

1718 births
1781 deaths
Spanish House of Bourbon
Regents
People from Madrid
Spanish infantes and infantas
House of Braganza
Kings and Queens consort of Portugal
Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain (María Teresa Antonia Rafaela; 11 June 1726 – 22 July 1746) was an Infanta of Spain by birth and was later the wife of Louis of France, Dauphin of France, son of King Louis XV. She died during  childbirth aged 20, She gave birth to a daughter who died at two years of age leaving the Dauphine with no surviving descendants. She used the names "Marie Thérèse" (see right)

Life

She was the second daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. Baptised with the names María Teresa Antonia Rafaela, she was known as María Teresa. She was engaged to Louis Ferdinand, Dauphin of France, son of Louis XV of France. The official marriage took place at the Palace of Versailles on 23 February 1745. The marriage was an idea to try and better relations between France and Spain after Louis XV had not married Mariana Victoria of Spain, María Teresa Rafaela's older sister.
On 19 July 1746, Marie Thérèse Raphaëlle (as she was known in France) gave birth to a daughter before dying herself on 22 July at Versailles. The child died in 1748. Her husband married again to Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony and was the mother of Louis XVI of France. She was buried at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis outside Paris.

Children

Marie Thérèse of France (19 July 1746 – 27 April 1748). Named after her mother, she died in infancy and was known simply as "Madame Royale".

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

11 June 1726 – 23 February 1745 Her Royal Highness The Infanta Doña María Teresa Antonia Rafaela of Spain. 
23 February 1745 – 22 July 1746 Her Royal Highness the Dauphine of France (Son Altesse royale, "Madame la Dauphine".)

Other websites

1726 births
1748 deaths
Spanish House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
Deaths in childbirth
People from Madrid
Spanish infantes and infantas
Dauphins and Dauphines of France
Maria Antonia of Spain (María Antonia Fernanda; 17 November 1729 – 19 September 1785) was an Infanta of Spain and the youngest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. She was the wife of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia whom she married in 1750. She was the mother of the last three mainline Kings of Sardinia. In Italy she is known as Maria Antonietta but sometimes known incorrectly as Maria Ferdinanda. Her name was Maria Antonia Fernanda. 
She married the future Victor Amadeus III officially on 31 May 1750. The couple were very happy and had 12 children.
Issue
 Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) married Princess Marie Clotilde of France in 1773, no issue.
 Maria Elisabetta Carlotta of Savoy (16 July 1752 – 17 April 1755) died in infancy.
 Maria Giuseppina of Savoy (2 September 1753 – 13 November 1810) married Louis Xavier of France, Count of Provence in 1771, no issue.
 Amedeus Alexander of Savoy (5 October 1754 – 29 April 1755) died in infancy.
 Maria Teresa of Savoy (31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) married Charles of France, Count of Artois in 1773, had issue.
 Maria Anna of Savoy (17 December 1757 – 11 October 1824) married Prince Benedetto of Savoy, Duke of Chablais in 1775, no issue.
 Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (24 July 1759 – 10 January 1824) married Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este in 1789, had issue.
 Maria Cristina Ferdinanda of Savoy (21 November 1760 – 19 May 1768) died in infancy.
 Maurizio of Savoy (13 December 1762 – 1 September 1799) died unmarried of malaria.
Maria Carolina of Savoy (17 January 1764 – 28 December 1782) married Antony, Electoral Prince of Saxony in 1781, no issue.
 Charles Felix of Sardinia (6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) married Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily in 1807, no issue.
 Giuseppe of Savoy (5 October 1766 – 29 October 1802) died unmarried of malaria.
Titles and styles

17 November 1729 – 31 May 1750 Her Royal Highness The Infanta Doña Maria Antonia of Spain
31 May 1750 – 20 February 1773 Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Savoy
20 February 1773 – 19 September 1785 Her Majesty The Queen of Sardinia

References

Other websites
 

1729 births
1785 deaths
People from Seville
Spanish infantes and infantas
Spanish House of Bourbon
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
Cleisthenes was a noble Athenian of the Alcmaeonid family. He reformed the constitution of Athens, and set it on a democratic footing in 508/7 BC.  For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy".  He also increased the power of the Assembly, and he broke up power of the Athenian nobility.

With help from the his clan, he overthrew Hippias the tyrant (dictatorial ruler). After the collapse of Hippias' tyranny, Isagoras and Cleisthenes were rivals for power. Isagoras won the upper hand by appealing to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him expel Cleisthenes.
So Cleisthenes left Athens as an exile, and Isagoras held power in the city. Isagoras uprooted hundreds of people from their homes on the pretext that they were cursed, and attempted to dissolve the Council (βουλή, boulé). However, the Council resisted, and the Athenian people declared their support of it. Hence Isagoras and his supporters were forced to flee to the Acropolis, remaining besieged there for two days. On the third, they fled and were banished. Cleisthenes was subsequently recalled, along with hundreds of exiles, and he assumed leadership of Athens.

References 

570s BC births
510s BC deaths
Ancient Greek politicians
Death is a personificated creature that exists in a lot of societies all over history. In English Death is usually given the name Grim Reaper and from the 15th century to now, the Grim Reaper is shown as a human skeleton holding a scythe and clothed with a black cloak with a hood. It is also given the name of Angel of Death (, Mal'ach Ha'Mavett), that appeared in the Bible.

In some beliefs, the Grim Reaper can cause the death of the victim, that created legends that he can be bribed, tricked and make deals to keep the life of someone. In other beliefs, the Grim Reaper guides the dead to the next world, without the knowing of the dead.

Indo-European Mythology

Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek

In Ancient Greek, the Greeks saw death as good. He is often shown as a bearded, winged man or a young, winged, boy. Death, or Thanatos, is the opposite of Life. Death is represented as a male, and life as a female. He is the twin brother of Hypnos, the god of Sleep.He is discripted as gentle, he escorts the dead to the Underworld, Hades.Then he hands the dead to Charon, who mans a boat that carries the dead to the underworld, through the river Styx. Thanatos' sisters, Keres, were the spirits of violent death, they were connected with deaths from battle, disease, accident, and murder. They were portrayed as evil, they were feeding on the body of the dead, after the soul was escorted to the Hades. They had fangs, talons, and would be dressed in bloody jewels.
Roman
In Ancient Roman mythology, Death was known as Mors, of which was the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Thanatos and the Hindu goddess Mara. Though the Latin noun for "death", mors, is of feminine gender, the surviving ancient Roman art is not known to depict Death as a woman.

Celtic
The Welsh portrayed death as Angeu, and for the Bretons it was Ankou, they were the same one. He appeared as a man with a black robe, sometimes carrying a scythe, riding a cart which he collected the dead on it.

In Scottish folklore there was a belief that a mystic black, dark green or white dog known as Cù Sìth took dying souls to the afterlife. Comparable figures also exist in Irish and Welsh stories.

Poland
In Poland, Death, or Śmierć, has an appearance that is similar to the our modern Grim Reaper, but instead of a black robe, he wears a White robe.
Baltic
Lithuanians call death Giltinė, from the word gelti (to sting). Giltinė was shown as an old, ugly, woman with a long blue nose and a poisonous tongue. The legend tells that Giltinė was young, pretty and communicative until she was trapped in a coffin for seven years. The goddess of death was a sister of the goddess of life and destiny, Laima, symbolizing the relationship between beginning and end.

Latvians named Death Veļu māte, from a word meaning "mother".

After it, the Lituanians and Latvians adopted the classical Grim Reaper with the black cloak and the scythe.
Hindu Texts
In Hindu texts, the lord of death is called Yama. Yama rides a black buffalo and carries a rope to take the dead to his prison. There are many form of Reapers, they are his agents. They are called Yamaduts. There, all the man good and bad are stored in an kind of archive. Then Yama take the records out and decides where the soul will be set in the next life, according to the Reincarnation of Hinduism. Yama is also mentioned in the Mahabharata as a philosopher and a devotee of Brahman.

Latin American folklore
Our Lady of the Holy Death (Santa Muerte) is a female deity or folk saint of Mexican folk religion, whose popularity has been growing in Mexico and the United States in recent years. La Calavera Catrina, a character symbolizing death, is also an icon of the Mexican Day of the Dead. San La Muerte (Saint Death) is a skeletal folk saint venerated in Paraguay, northeast Argentina, and southern Brazil. In the Brazilian religion Umbanda, the orixá Omolu personifies sickness and death as well as healing. The figure of the death is also associated with Exu, the "lord of the crossroads", who rules cemeteries and the hour of midnight.

Meitei mythology
Meitei mythology 

In Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology), death is personified with multiple deities, including Thongalel, the ruler of the underworld and the god of the death, along with his wives. In the underworld kingdom, he administers the souls of the death, either to resend them or to bring a new one to and from the human world. At these tasks, he is assisted by Thongak Lairembi and Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi. The underworld kingdom is called "Khamnung kingdom" and its capital city, "Khamnung Sawa" is in the middle of the river "Ashi Turel", which has only a single bridge made up of a thread. This should be crossed over by only those souls who do not commit suicide during their earthly life. Else, one has to struck over inside the underworld kingdom but outside the capital city "Khamnung Sawa", which is, of course, a painstaking life too for the souls.
Japanese mythology
In the Kojiki, after giving birth to the fire god, Kagu-tsuchi, Izanami dies from wounds of its fire and enters the perpetual night realm called Yomi-no-kuni (the underworld) that the gods retire to and where Izanagi, her husband, travels to in a failed attempt to reclaim her. He discovers his wife as not-so beautiful anymore, and, in a brief argument afterwards between them, she promises to take a thousand lives every day, signifying her position as the goddess of death. 

There are also death gods called shinigami (死神, "death gods", "death spirits"), which are closer to the Western tradition of the Grim Reaper; while common in modern Japanese arts and fiction, they were essentially absent in traditional mythology.

In Abrahamic Religions

Memitim
Memitim

Memitim is a type of angel from the Bible that is connected to the death of the humans. The words is from the Hebrew language ממיתים (English:Killers). They are mentioned to kill the people that their guardian angel no longer protects them. There is some debate about the nature of the Memitim among biblical scholars, but it is accepted that, as described in the Book of Job 33:22, they are killers of some kind.

Judaism
Judaism

Form and functions
According to the Midrash, the Angel of Death was created by God in the first day of the creation. His house is in Heaven.He has twelve wings."Over all people have I surrendered thee the power," said God to the Angel of Death, "only not over this one which has received freedom from death through the Law".It said that the angel of death is full of eyes. In the time of the death, he stands over the dying one, and waiting for the man to see him. When the dying finally sees him, he drops a gall to the dying's mouth and that is what kills him finally The expression "to taste of death" originated in the idea that death was caused by a drop of gall.

Death and Satan
Death and Satan

The Angel of Death, who is identified by some with Satan, right after the creation has a dispute with God about the light of the Messiah. When Eve touched the tree of knowledge, the Angel of Death talked to her, and she thought:"Now I shall die, and God will create another wife for Adam". Adam also talked to the Angel of Death. The Angel of Death sits before the face of the dead. While Abraham was mourning, for Sarah the angel appeared to him, which explains why "Abraham stood up from before his death". Samael told Sarah that Abraham had sacrificed Isaac in spite of his wailing, and Sarah died of horror and grief. It was Moses who most often had dealings with the angel. At the resistance of Korah, Moses saw him.
Islam
In Islam there is the Archangel of Death, named Azrael. In the Qur'an, he is not mentioned by this name, but by Mal'akkh al Mut (Arabic: ملاك الموت, "Angel of Death"). He is also descripted in old Hebrew texts as Azrael, the Angel of Death. He is also called Azrael in early Christian texts.

Death
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Walter Menzies "Ming" Campbell, Baron Campbell of Pittenweem  (born 22 May 1941 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a British politician and retired sprinter. He was the leader of the Liberal Democrats from March 2006 to October 2007. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of North East Fife and the Chancellor of the University of St Andrews.

Between 1967 and 1974, Menzies Campbell held the British record for the 100 metres sprint as he was able to do it in 10.2 seconds. He was also the captain of the Great Britain athletics team between 1965 and 1966. In 1975, Campbell became the Chairman of the Scottish Liberals and was elected as an MP at the 1987 General Election. He became the Liberal Democrat's chief spokesperson on foreign affairs and defence in 1992 and became the Liberal Democrat's deputy leader in 2003. He was elected leader of the Liberal Democrats in March 2006 but had to resign in October 2007 and was replaced by Nick Clegg.
Campbell married Elspeth, Lady Grant-Suttie, daughter of Major General Roy Urquhart, in June 1970. The couple have no children. Lady Campbell has a child from her previous marriage. She died in June 2023.

References

1941 births
Living people
British sprinters
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Leaders of the Liberal Democrats (UK)
Members of the House of Lords
Politicians from Glasgow
Sportspeople from Glasgow
University of St Andrews
Monocalcium phosphate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ca(H2PO4)2. It contains phosphate, calcium, and hydrogen ions.

Properties
Monocalcium phosphate is a colorless solid. It dissolves a little in water to make an acidic solution. It is made by replacing one of the hydrogen ions in phosphoric acid with a calcium ion.

Preparation
It is made by reacting calcium phosphate rock with sulfuric acid. This makes monocalcium phosphate.

Uses
It is used in baking powder. When it is dissolved in water, it makes an acidic solution which reacts with the sodium bicarbonate to make carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide makes it rise. It is also used in fertilizers.

Related pages
Dicalcium phosphate
Sodium phosphate

Phosphorus compounds
Calcium compounds
Dicalcium phosphate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CaHPO4. It contains calcium, hydrogen, and phosphate ions.

Properties
Dicalcium phosphate is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It can be thought of as phosphoric acid where two of the hydrogen ions are replaced with calcium ions.

Preparation
It can be made by reacting phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide. It can also be made by reacting sulfuric acid with a certain amount of tricalcium phosphate.

Uses
It is used in fertilizers. It is also used in vitamin tablets. It is used to make sure chickens get calcium.

Related pages
Monocalcium phosphate
Tricalcium phosphate

Phosphorus compounds
Calcium compounds
Toonzai was a group of cartoons broadcast on Saturday morning on The CW. It was first broadcast on August 14, 2010. It used to be named The CW4Kids. The programs were broadcast on weekday afternoons. 

The block is programmed by 4Kids Entertainment. They also programmed the 4Kids TV on Fox until December 2008. 4Kids also indicated that it will retain Yu-Gi-Oh! and Sonic X in its lineup, along with adding Dragon Ball Z Kai, a redone version of Dragon Ball Z from Funimation Entertainment that is shared with Nicktoons.

Programming
In most markets, most affiliates use the network's current Saturday morning schedule. Some, such as Atlanta's WUPA-TV broadcast the block on Sundays. This is usually done because the stations were at one time UPN affiliates and UPN did not have children's television programming on Saturday mornings. Former WB affiliate WCCT-TV in Hartford airs the first three hours of the block on Saturday mornings and the last two hours on Sunday mornings to make room for their own programing.
KMYS in San Antonio, currently the newest CW affiliate has decided to air the block during early Sunday morning and early Monday morning (split into a two-hour and three-hour block) airing before 5am due to its previous commitment of airing Fox's Weekend Marketplace infomercial block on Saturday mornings (a holdover from its MyNetworkTV affiliation), along with already existing religious and paid programming on Sunday mornings; this by default will force most younger viewers of the block in that market to record it overnight for later viewing.

Schedule
All times Pacific. Actual times may vary, depending on affiliate.

Shows
 Dragon Ball Z Kai (TV-Y7-FV) (also airs on Nicktoons in the USA)    
 Sonic X (TV-Y7-FV)
 Yu-Gi-Oh! (TV-Y7-FV) (previously aired on Fox Kids and 4Kids TV in the USA)
 Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's (TV-Y7-FV)

Former shows
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Back to the Sewer (TV-Y7-FV) (August 14, 2010 - August 21, 2010)
 Dinosaur King (TV-Y7-FV) (August 14, 2010 - October 9, 2010)
Former "Popcorn For Breakfast" Movies
 Turtles Forever (TV-Y7-FV)  (August 28, 2010)

Related pages
 4Kids Entertainment

References

Other websites
  (Defunct)

2010 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
American children's television series
John Smith  (13 September 1938 – 12 May 1994) was a British politician who was the leader of the Labour Party from July 1992 until his death from a heart attack. 

John Smith was born in the Scottish town of Dalmally in Argyll and Bute. He became a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) at the 1970 General Election for the constituency of North Lanarkshire (Monklands East from 1983). In 1978, he was given a cabinet post however lost this after Labour's defeat at the 1979 General Election. He continued in the shadow cabinet until 1992, when Labour leader Neil Kinnock resigned and Smith was elected leader. During Smith's time as leader, opinion polls showed that Labour were becoming more likely to win an election than the Conservatives.

On 12 May 1994 in London, Smith died of a heart attack and was buried on the Scottish isle of Iona. Tony Blair replaced Smith as Labour leader on 21 July 1994.

References
References 

1938 births
1994 deaths
British Protestants
Calvinists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Leaders of the Labour Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Scottish Christians
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
British King's Counsel
Politicians from Argyll and Bute
Serie C is the third highest division of Football in Italy after the Serie A and Serie B. It has its headquarters in Florence. In the past, it also had a club from San Marino in it. The league in the past was divided as Lega Pro Prima Divisione and Lega Pro Seconda Divisione. However, it was combined as only one division: Serie C, in 2017. It was originally founded as the Serie C in 1935, rebranded in 2014 to Lega Pro, and then rebranded again to Serie C in 2017.

1959 establishments in Italy
Football leagues in Italy
Stopping power is a way to measure how powerful a firearm is. Stopping power is a measure of how quickly the gun kills an animal, for instance. Many large animals are not killed after being shot with an ordinary gun and can do damage before they die. Elephant guns, which have much more stopping power, are used to kill the large animal quickly.

Firearms
The TERGV (for Regional Express Train on high-speed line) is a model to run trains in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The idea is to run regional trains on lines constructed for "express trains", instead of the "classic lines". This works only in the case that the high-speed line is used only rarely. Running regional trains on such lines slows down the express trains, and costs more than running them on the classic lines. Despite these problems, the concept is very promising for distances between 100 and 200 km.  

There are currently two lines that operate in this manner:
Lille-Dunkerque (30 minutes)
Lille-Calais-Boulogne-sur-Mer (55 min, 30 min to Calais)
To use these connections, an extra fee must be paid, which is three euros, per day. Another line, Lille to Arras has been opened. This line does not require the extra fee, and has proved very successful. 

Rail transport in France
Hauts-de-France
Blake Clark (born February 2, 1946) is an American actor and comedian whose trademark is a raspy voice similar to Jim Varney.
 
He is perhaps best known as Farmer Fran in The Waterboy. His other known role is as the voice of Slinky Dog in Toy Story 3, replacing Varney who died in 2000 (and, according to John Lasseter, Clark sounds an "awful lot like him"). It was revealed that Clark and Varney had known each other for a long time.
 
Clark is also a prolific actor, frequently cast in Adam Sandler movies.
Early life
Clark was born in Macon, Georgia. He graduated from LaGrange College in 1969 with a degree in the performing arts.
 
A decorated Infantry Platoon Leader in the Vietnam War, Clark brought the plight of the Vietnam Veteran to the people of America in a humorous way in the 80's and was adopted by numerous Veteran Organizations throughout the United States. His personal quote is "I was born and raised in Georgia and fought in Vietnam. It was like being punished for the same thing twice. In fact, I used to have flashbacks in Vietnam."
Having moved from his home state of Georgia to Hollywood, Clark soon landed his first Tonight Show with Johnny Carson and soon thereafter, was cast in his first of many recurring roles on Television as Fred the Chauffeur on Remington Steele. Since then, he has been Harry, Tim Taylor's friend on Home Improvement; Jules, the next-door neighbor on The Drew Carey Show; Chet Hunter, Sean's father on Boy Meets World, and Bob the womanizing boss on The Jamie Foxx Show. And he recently received critical acclaim as Drew Barrymore's father in the hit movie, 50 First Dates. He also acted as an umpire in the 2006 movie The Benchwarmers. He even came out in the 2008 movie Get Smart, starring Steve Carell and Anne Hathaway.
Clark has traveled the world doing comedy and recently went to Iraq for an extended USO Tour with Drew Carey. He is a warm, intelligent, funny, and innovative social commentator with a quiet patriotism that he lives as well as portrays. His comedy runs the gamut from observation on the current military conflict to his Southern root in Georgia. He is a man of all seasons.
 
He has also made special appearances in Politically Incorrect, Memorial Day, 2001, Redneck Comedy Roundup, Redneck Comedy Roundup 2, Campus Movie Network, Mancow's Morning Madhouse, Waste Watch Journal, and others as well.
Personal life
Clark is a single father with one adopted son; Travis Clark, who is also a comedian.
Filmography
 Apt. 25 (TV) (1985)
 Moonlighting (TV) (1985)
 St. Elmo's Fire (TV) (1985)
 Newhart (TV) (1985-86)
 Long Time Gone (TV) (1986)
 Fast Food (1989)
 Wired (1989)
 Johnny Handsome (1989)
 The Dark Wind (1991)
 Grave Secrets: The Legacy of Hilltop Drive (TV) (1992)
 Ladybugs (1992)
 Love Potion No. 9 (1992)
 Toys (1992)
 Fatal Instinct (1993)
 Thea (TV) (1994)
 The Mask (1994)
 Alone in the Woods (1996)
 Nothing to Lose (1997)
 Tycus (1998)
 The Waterboy (1998)
 Smart Guy (TV) (1998)
 Valerie Flake (1999)
 Critical Mass (2000)
 Intrepid (2000)
 Bread and Roses (2000)
 Little Nicky (2000)
 Donut Men (2001)
 Joe Dirt (2001)
 Corky Romano (2001)
 Back by Midnight (2002)
 Mr. Deeds (2002)
 Eight Crazy Nights (2002)
 BachelorMan (2003)
 Intolerable Cruelty (2003)
 50 First Dates (2004)
 The Ladykillers (2004)
 Todd's Coma (TV) (2005)
 The Benchwarmers (2006)
 I'm Reed Fish (2006)
 Car Babes (2006)
 I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007)
 Strange Wilderness (2007)
 Leatherheads (2008)
 Wieners (2008)
Wieners (2008)
 Toy Story 3 (voice) (2010)
 Grown Ups (2010)
 Son of Morning (2010)
 Highland Park (2010)
 The Last Godfather (2011)
 Woody's Roundup: The Movie (voice) (2019)
Television work
 The Greatest American Hero (TV) (1981)
 Remington Steele (TV) (1982-89)
 M*A*S*H (TV) (1983)
 Hot Flashes (TV) (1984)
 The Facts of Life (TV) (1986)
 Gimme a Break! (TV) (1987)
 Women in Prison (TV) (1987-88)
 It's Garry Shandling's Show (TV) (1987-88) 
 Midnight Caller (TV) (1991)
 Shakes the Clown (1991)
 Who's the Boss? (TV) (1991)
 Designing Women (TV) (1991)
 Roseanne (TV) (1993)
 Grace Under Fire (TV) (1993-94)
 Comedy: Coast to Coast (TV) (1994)
 Tales from the Crypt (TV) (1994)
 Home Improvement (TV) (1994-99)
 The Drew Carey Show (TV) (1995)
 Boy Meets World (TV) (1995-00)
 Coach (TV) (1996)
 Murphy Brown (TV) (1997)
 Arliss (TV) (1998)
 The Jamie Foxx Show (TV) (1999-00)
 Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (TV) (2001)
 Lucky (TV) (2003)
 Lost at Home (TV) (2003)
 Cold Case (TV) (2004)
 My Name Is Earl (TV) (2005)
 Everybody Hates Chris (TV) (2006)
 Good Luck Charlie (1 episode, 2010)
 Hawaiian Vacation (2011)
 Toy Story Toons (2011)