Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
References

Other websites
 Website about Knowles
 Smith, M. K. (2002). Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and andragogy, the encyclopedia of informal education
 Fiorini, Deborah (2003). Malcolm Knowles' Personal Vitae 

Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2014
1913 births
1997 deaths
Academics from Massachusetts
Harvard University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Academics from North Carolina
University of Arkansas
Mort & Phil (Mortadelo y Filemón in Spanish) is a Spanish comics series designed in 1958 by Francisco Ibáñez. It's one of the most popular comics in Spain.

Its first title was Mortadelo y Filemón: Agencia de Información. It was just the main characters. Every comics strip had from one to four pages. Throughout the years, the characters have evolved. At first, Mortadelo used to wear a bowler hat. He used to wear some disguises. He was known for his shapeshifter abilities. However Ibáñez went to leave the hat on therefore Mortadelo get disguise inmmediately. The other one, Filemón, called by Mortadelo as "Jefe" (Chief or Boss in English) had a beaked nose and use to smoke pipe as Sherlock Holmes used to do.

Their names are wordplay. For example: Mortadelo comes from Mortadela ("Mortadella di Bologna") and Filemón from Filete ("Steak").
In 1969, Ibáñez designed more characters. He also "founded" the TIA. The Técnicos de Investigación Aeroterráquea: "Aeroterrestrial Investigation Technicians") is an organisation that is a spoof on the CIA. With those changes, the comics books were much longer (44-48 pages by comic book).

These editions were more satirical in regard to Spanish and international themes such as politics and political corruption (El atasco de influencias), ETA's terrorism (Barcelona '92) where the terrorist group were named as "TETA"  ("TITS"), and "PEPA" in España '82, and the islamic one (Terroristas or El balón catastrófico) or economics (¡Llegó el Euro!) among others.
Background 
At first the characters were portrayed as a parody version of Arthur Conan Doyle's characters: Sherlock Holmes (Filemón) and Dr. Watson (Mortadelo).
 Later, others sources pointed to Novísimas aventuras de Sherlock Holmes by Enrique Jardiel Poncela or Laurel and Hardy.  The comics books are known for its slapstick comedy. It is not unusual to see the characters being injuried or hurt. They have caused several accidents. For example, falling from a fifth floor window and staying alive.

35th Anniversary 

Is often enough to see own Ibáñez breaking the fourth wall when he's designed by himself. In 1992 was the 35th Mort and Phils anniversary, so he made an special edition tittled El 35 aniversario. In it, Ibáñez explained how was his childhood and his career went when began to work in Ediciones Bruguera (nowadays: Ediciones B), Barcelona, Spain. He explained it with a burlesque point of view. He also told how Mortadelo and Filemón met each other.
That edition had a huge success among its fans. It was not until 2001, a few days after the September 11 terrorist attacks that the last page (and vignette) called the readers attention to the tragedy. It was noted also in television media, because in the vignette's background (a common gag made by Ibáñez in all his works) there was a plane that crashed into the World Trade Center, in New York, in the United States.

Since its official website stated "that scene was designed as it and it wasn't retouched". Regarding the attacks: "it was a tragical coincidence".

 Characters
Mort (Mortadelo): He's tall and bald. When he was young he had a long hair, but lost it after tested an experimental growning-hair made by Pr. Bacterio. However was bald already on the first stories. Since that "incident", Mortadelo became to have hard feelings about him, even got burn Bacterio's beard with a blowtorch as "prank" (i. e. vengenace). He's also known as "Master of Disguises" cause his ability for disguising for every situation.
 Phil (Filemón) As Mortadelo, he's bald too, but has two hairs. He's called "Chief" by Mortadelo. He's known by his temperamental way, specially when is victim by his subordinate's mistakes. Despite this, both are good friends.
Superintendente Vicente or Super: He's their boss and TIA's supervisor and General Director's subordinate. He's dress always a blue jacket. He's an overweighted person with a huge moustache, those characteristics make him target of all pranks and mockeries from his employees, specially Mortadelo and Filemón, whom called him as a "walrus". As Filemón does, he has (inclusive much) a huge bad temperament. He just to appear in several surrealist gags when he tries to take his agents back when they runaway, for example: Antartica.
 Pr. Bacterio: He's the TIA's scientist. He's known by his huge black beard that arrive until his chest. He's negligent at his work due all his inventions fails or makes disasters. Bacterio is an other gag of the series due to Mortadelo and Filemon runaway to him or he is catch of they pranks or assaults. His name comes from "Bacteria"
Mrs. Ofelia (Srta. Ofelia): She's Super's secretary. As her boss, she's overweighted too and self-conscious with her fit being her weight another joke into the comics. Besides Super, she tends to be more polite to Mortadelo and Filemon although get pissed when she's insulted by they. In fact, she's in love by Mortadelo dismay be an "unrequited heart", that's one of most reasons why she's feel jealous with Mrs. Irma.
Mrs. Irma''' (Srta Irma): She was the second secretary. Her first appear was in 1987 in Terroristas as a supervisor in an anti-terrorist missión where Mortadelo and Filemon were members in order to arrest an islamic cell whom pretend help their member to scape after a failed attack against US Embassy. Irma is Ophelia's opposite: she is fit and atractive. These characteristics makes the male agents lost their minds for her, specially Mortadelo and Filemon. In response, Ofelia gets jealous sometimes. Regardless this, they have been good friends due she can able to hold off the agents. This character was based on the publisher's (of the German edition) secretary who died in 1990, therefore Irma was "retired" as her mourning, although she reappeared in the 2014 movie.
Adaptations 
 Movies 

 TV Series 

 Further reading 
 DE LA CRUZ PÉREZ, Fernando Javier. Los cómics de Francisco Ibáñez. Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Cuenca, 2008. 
 FERNÁNDEZ SOTO, Miguel. El mundo de Mortadelo y Filemón. Medialive Content, 2008. 
 GUIRAL, Antoni. El gran libro de Mortadelo y Filemón: 50 aniversario. Ediciones B. 
  Interviews Amaníaco: By Vázquez

 References 

 Other websites

 La Página (NO) Oficial de Mortadelo y Filemón 
 LaTIA Cuartel General, Web dedicada a Mortadelo y Filemón y otros cómics 
 Mortadelo y Filemón '' de la serie "El humor en el cómic" para "La Ciberniz" 
 13 Rue Bruguera, página web dedicada a Mortadelo y Filemón y el cómic Español 
 Una de las últimas colecciones de lujo publicadas sobre Mortadelo y Filemón, con la autorización de Francisco Ibáñez 

Comics
Spanish culture
Television programs
Spanish movies
Sea glass and beach glass are pieces of glass worn smooth by waves. Technically, "Sea glass" is glass found on beaches along bodies of salt water. As the glass reaches the shoreline pounding waves and rocks break it into smaller pieces. The sharp edges are worn smooth. Salt water erodes the glass and gives it a frosted appearance. "Beach glass" comes from fresh water. It is found mainly along coastlines and the shores of large lakes. However many feel sea glass and beach glass are the same thing.

Colors 
White, emerald green and brown are the most common colors. They came from jars, plain bottles and beer bottles thrown into the water. Olive green, cobalt blue, aqua and amber are harder to find. They came from medicine bottles, soda bottles and cosmetic jars. The rarest colors are red, orange and yellow. They were originally items such as fine china, streetlamps and even ship lanterns. Many colors are unique to certain periods of history. Small bubbles in the glass help to identify the original glass item.
Locating 
Collectors walk beaches to find sea glass. After plastic became popular for containers it became harder to find sea glass. Sea glass can take from 7 to 10 years to get a frosted appearance. In many places winter seems to be the best time to find sea glass. Experienced sea glass hunters look for periods of low tide to start looking. Beaches that are cleaned of debris regularly won't produce much sea glass. Hunters look for "dirty beaches" that are left alone and have litter.

References 

Glass
Lekhwiya S.C. is a football club which plays in Qatar.

Achievements
Qatargas League
 Winners (1): 2009–10

Qatar Stars League
 Winners (8): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2022–23

Crown Prince Cup
 Winners (1): 2013

References 

Qatari football clubs
Jorge María Mejía (31 January 1923 – 9 December 2014) was an Argentine cardinal of the Catholic Church (Roman Rite). He was born in Buenos Aires. On 21 February 2001, Mejía was appointed as Cardinal-Deacon of San Girolamo della Carità by Pope John Paul II in the consistory.

On 13 March 2013, Mejía suffered a heart attack on the same day his fellow Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as Pope Francis, the 266th pontiff of the Catholic Church. 
Cardinal Mejía died in Rome on 9 December 2014 at the age of 91.

References

1923 births
2014 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
People from Buenos Aires
Knut Nystedt (3 September 1915 – 8 December 2014) was a Norwegian orchestral and choral composer. He was also a musician and played the Organ. Nystedt was born in Oslo, Norway. Nystedt founded and conducted Det Norske Solistkor from 1950 to 1990. He also founded and conducted Schola Cantorum from 1964 to 1985.

Nystedt died in his sleep at his home in Oslo on 8 December 2014 at the age of 99.

References

Other websites

Knut Nystedt  Carus-Verlag
Jens Staubrand: Kierkegaard International Bibliography Music Works and Plays, Copenhagen 2009. In English and Danish. . Including Knut Nystedt's PRAYERS OF KIERKEGAARD, for mixed chor a capella, the Kierkegaard words are taken from Addresses At Holy Communion On Fridays, The Heathens’ Anxieties and The Journals
Stemmer fra Musikken has sound recordings with Knut Nystedt in Norwegian (NRK).
Norsk Musikforlag

1915 births
2014 deaths
Norwegian composers
Musicians from Oslo
Organists
20th-century composers
Colonel Thomas Andrew "Tom" Parker (June 26, 1909January 21, 1997) born Andreas Cornelis ("Dries") van Kuijk, was a Dutch-born entertainment impresario. He was best known as the manager of Elvis Presley.  For many years Parker falsely claimed to have been U.S.-born, but it eventually emerged that he was born in Breda in the Netherlands.

References

1909 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Elvis Presley
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Breda
Justus (died 627) was an Archbishop of Canterbury.

Justus might also refer to:

People
Justus (son of Justin II), son of Roman Emperor Justin II

Names
 Justus (given name)
 Justus (surname)

Other uses
 Justus (album), a 1996 album by the Monkees
 Justus (Shakugan no Shana), a character in the light novel series Shakugan no Shana
 Justus, Ohio, a community in the United States
 Justus Township, the land of the Montana Freemen
 2799 Justus, an asteroid
 Bishop Justus CE School, a secondary school

Related pages 
 Jesus Justus, Jewish Christian mentioned in the New Testament
Hancock Seamount is a seamount of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean. The last eruption from Hancock Seamount is unknown.

Seamounts
Roger Nordström, born 27 April 1966 in Malmö, Sweden, is a Swedish former ice hockey goaltender. He played most seasons for Malmö Redhawks. He then played for German club Krefeld Pinguine between 1998-2003.

During the 1992 Olympic tournament he was appointed for the Swedish national team.

Tropies and awards

Club teams

National teams
 1994: World championship bronze medal in Italy with Sweden
 1995: World championship silver medal in Sweden with Sweden

References

Other websites
 

1966 births
Living people
Swedish ice hockey goaltenders
Hwayang-dong is a dong in west Gwangjin-gu in Seoul, South Korea. It was joined into Gwangjin-gu on 13 August 1949. It is a mixed home and small business area. Mojin-dong is administered by Hwayang-dong. It has Konkuk University.

References

Other websites
 Gwangjin-gu official website in English
  Chronicle of Beopjeong-dong and Haengjeong-dong 
 Map of Gwangjin-gu at the Gwangjin-gu official website
 Hwayang-dong resident office website

Subdivisions of South Korea
Sybil Christopher (27 March 1929 – 7 March 2013) was a Welsh actress, theatre director and founder of a nightclub. She first became known as Richard Burton's first wife. She performed mostly on stage. She also acted in a few movies.

Christopher was born Sybil Williams in Tylorstown, Wales. She died at age 83 in New York City.

Actors from Glamorgan
Welsh movie actors
Welsh stage actors
1929 births
2013 deaths
Patsy Lou Blake (also known as Patricia Blair; January 15, 1933 – September 9, 2013) was an American television and movie actress. She is best known for playing Rebecca Boone in all six seasons of NBC's Daniel Boone. She also played Lou Mallory in The Rifleman from 1962 to 1963. She was tall at 5 feet 9 inches. She could work with tall stars like Fess Parker (Daniel Boone) and Chuck Connors (The Rifleman).

Patricia Blair was born in Fort Worth, Texas. She died in North Wildwood, New Jersey at age eighty.

References 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
1933 births
2013 deaths
Armageddon (2003) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on December 14, 2003 at TD Waterhouse Centre in Orlando, Florida. It was the fourth Armageddon event held by the WWE.

The pay-per-view was a Raw brand exclusive. The main event saw Triple H win a Triple threat match against Kane and then-champion Goldberg. Triple H won the match and the World Heavyweight Championship after he pinned Goldberg following a chokeslam from Kane. Another main match that was on the undercard was Rob Van Dam defending his WWE Intercontinental Championship against Randy Orton. Orton would end up winning the match and he became the Intercontinental Champion after he pinned Van Dam following an RKO. Another primary match that was on the undercard was Batista facing Shawn Michaels. Michaels would win the match by pinfall after he performed the Sweet Chin Music on Batista.
The professional wrestling part of Canadian Online Explorer claimed that the event was a "flop" and rated the overall event a six out of ten.

Matches

Tag Team Turmoil match

References

Other websites
Official Armageddon 2003 website

2003 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
WWE Armageddon
2003 in American television
2000s in Orlando, Florida
2003 in Florida
Armageddon (2004) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on December 12, 2004 at Gwinnett Center in Duluth, Georgia. It was the fifth Armageddon event held by the WWE.

The pay-per-view was a SmackDown! brand exclusive. There were 10 matches on the card with all 4 of SmackDown!'s championship were on the line. The main event saw John "Bradshaw" Layfield defeat Booker T, Eddie Guerrero and The Undertaker in a Fatal-Four Way match to retain his WWE Championship. Layfield won by Booker. If anyone interfered on JBL's behalf he would have lost the championship. Another main match on the undercard saw The Big Show defeat Kurt Angle, Mark Jindrak and Luther Reigns in a Handicap match. Big Show was able to win the match after he pinned Jindrak following an F-5. Another primary match on the card saw John Cena defeat Jesús in a Street Fight to retain his WWE United States Championship. Cena won the match by executing an FU to Jesús and pinning him.
Matches

References

Other websites
Official Armageddon 2004 website

2004 in American television
2004 in professional wrestling
Sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
WWE Armageddon
2000s in Georgia (U.S. state)
Baseball and Cricket are two similar sports. They are both considered bat-and-ball games and are played by both men and women. But they also have many differences. They have different rules, terms and organization. Their histories are both similar yet different.

Common history 
Baseball is often thought to have descended from cricket. They both can be traced back to England. They have common terms such as innings, umpires, runs and outs. So the connection seems very logical. Even some baseball historians think cricket is the ancestor of baseball. Both games do have a link, but it is not a parent-child link. It is more on the order of cousins.
Similarities 
Both are bat and ball games. Both have batsman and bowlers, called batters and pitchers in baseball. Bowlers or pitchers throw the ball to the batsman or batter who hits the ball. Players in the field try to catch the ball. Both games at times use two umpires. Both games involve batters who run between or around things (such as each batsman's ground) to score runs (points), while the fielding team tries to get the ball to those things (bases), or things within the things (wickets), or fielders near them, to stop runs from being scored. Batters can hit the ball out of the field to score runs (home run or six runs). After enough batters are out, both teams change roles, and after enough opportunities for both teams to bat, the team with more runs wins.
Differences 
The bat in cricket is flat while the bat in baseball is round. Cricket has eleven players while baseball has nine. Cricket players hold the bat down, baseball players hold the bat up. The playing fields are different sizes and shapes. The balls, while similar in construction, are slightly different in weight. The leather cover in baseball is white while cricket balls can have a red or white leather cover.

In cricket, when a batter is out, they can't bat again for the rest of their team's inning (turn to bat).

References 

Cricket
Baseball
James Drewry Stewart (March 29, 1941December 3, 2014) was a Canadian mathematician,  violinist, and the professor emeritus of mathematics at McMaster University.

Stewart died in Toronto, Canada from multiple myeloma, aged 73.

References

Other websites
Stewart Calculus Official Biography
The house that math built by Katie Daubs at the Toronto Star

1941 births
2014 deaths
Canadian academics
McMaster University
Canadian violinists
Canadian mathematicians
University of Toronto alumni
Fred Hawkins (September 3, 1923 – December 6, 2014) was an American professional golfer. He played on the PGA Tour from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s. Hawkins was born in Antioch, Illinois.

Hawkins died in Sebring, Florida, aged 91.'

References

1923 births
2014 deaths
American golfers
Sportspeople from Illinois
Mark Lewis (February 16, 1954 – December 7, 2014) was an American storyteller, actor, and teacher. He was known for being the narrator in the Pirates of the Caribbean rides on Disneyland.

Lewis died in Eugene, Oregon from surgical complications, aged 60.

References

Other websites
 

1954 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American movie actors
Educators from Oregon
Actors from Oregon
Writers from Oregon
Emmy Award winners
Jane Freilicher (November 29, 1924 – December 9, 2014) was an American representational painter. She was known for her paintings of urban and country scenes from her homes in lower Manhattan. She was a member of the informal New York School beginning in the 1950s.

Freilicher died in Manhattan at the age of 90 on December 9, 2014.

References

1924 births
2014 deaths
American painters
People from New York City
Ralph Giordano (March 23, 1923 – December 10, 2014) was a German writer and publicist. He survived the Holocaust and since then he has been writing books about his experiences. For a short-while he was a communist. Giordano was also an activist and critic. Giordano was born in Hamburg, Germany.

Giordano died in Cologne, Germany from complications of a broken hip following a fall, aged 91.

References

1923 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Deaths from fractured hip
Writers from Hamburg
Armageddon (2006) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on December 17, 2006 at Richmond Coliseum in Richmond, Virginia. It was the seventh Armageddon event held by the WWE.

The pay-per-view was a SmackDown! brand exclusive. The main event was a tag team match, which saw the team of Batista and John Cena defeat the team of King Booker and Finlay. Two other matches on the undercard, saw The Undertaker defeat Mr. Kennedy in a Last Ride match, and Kane defeat Montel Vontavious Porter in an Inferno match.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Armageddon 2006 website

2006 in professional wrestling
Richmond, Virginia
WWE Armageddon
2006 in American television
2000s in Virginia
Karl Otto Pöhl (1 December 1929 - 9 December 2014) was a German economist. He served as President of the Bundesbank and Chairman of its Central Bank Council from 1980 to 1991. He was born in Hanover, Lower Saxony.

Pöhl died in Zurich, Switzerland, aged 85.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2014 deaths
German bankers
German economists
People from Hanover
Hans Tietmeyer (18 August 1931 - 27 December 2016) was a German economist. He was thought to be one of the best experts on international financial matters. He was president of Deutsche Bundesbank from 1993 until 1999 and remained one of the most important figures in finance of the European Union.

Other websites
 Personal Web site   
 Tietmeyer's page at the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 

1931 births
2016 deaths
German bankers
German economists
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Helmut Schlesinger (born  September 4, 1924) is a German economist. He is a former President of the Bundesbank.

He was born in Penzberg, Bavaria.

He is a member of the Orders of Merit and of Chivalry of Germany, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Sweden, and Luxembourg.

References

1924 births
Living people
German bankers
German economists
People from Bavaria
Morley Safer (November 8, 1931 – May 19, 2016) was a Canadian-American reporter and correspondent for CBS News. He was best known for his long tenure on the newsmagazine 60 Minutes. He retired in May 2016, shortly before his death.

Safer died at his home in Manhattan, New York City on May 19, 2016 from pneumonia, aged 84.

References

Other websites
Booknotes interview with Safer on Flashbacks on Returning to Vietnam, May 6, 1990. 
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Safer, October 7, 2012

1931 births
2016 deaths
Canadian journalists
American war correspondents
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in New York City
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Toronto
Edward Rudolph "Ed" Bradley, Jr. (June 22, 1941 – November 9, 2006) was an American journalist. He was best known for 26 years of award-winning work on the CBS News television program 60 Minutes. Bradley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Bradley died in New York City from leukemia, aged 65.

References

Other websites

 Ed Bradley Biography at CBS News
 
 
 Interview by John Sears for Communicator, August 2000 
Remembering Ed Bradley - Clarence Page - November 14, 2006
 Ed Bradley: Journalist and Jazzman
 Tribute to Ed Bradley by CNN's Larry King 
 Pulitzer Prize-winning syndicated columnist Clarence Page on Ed Bradley (11/13/2006)
 Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia webpage
 RTDNA Ed Bradley Scholarship 

1941 births
2006 deaths
African American writers
American journalists
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from leukemia
American war correspondents
Emmy Award winners
Writers from Philadelphia
Departure is the sixth studio album by Journey. The album was released on February 29, 1980. It was the group's last studio album with keyboardist Gregg Rolie.

Track listing

1980 albums
Journey (band) albums
Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 – August 28, 1903) was an American landscape architect, journalist, social critic, and public administrator. He is considered to be the father of American landscape architecture. He helped Calvert Vaux design Central Park in New York City. Later he designed many parks.

References

1822 births
1903 deaths
American journalists
American architects
Ann Carter (June 16, 1936 – January 27, 2014) was a former American child actress. She worked with dozens of movie stars. She played Amy Reed in The Curse of the Cat People. She played Peggy Allen in Child of Divorce.

Carter was born in Syracuse, New York. After acting, she graduated from Occidental College in Los Angeles. Carter taught school in California and in Seattle. She died in North Bend, Washington on January 27, 2014. She had been fighting ovarian cancer for nine years.

References 

American movie actors
American child actors
Actors from New York (state)
1936 births
2014 deaths
Vanderlei Farias da Silva is an Brazilian football player. He was born 1 February 1984. He is a goalkeeper. He currently plays with Coritiba.

Vanderlei started his career in Londrina. Later he played for a great team of Brazil, Coritiba.

Honours
Paranavaí
 Paraná State Championship: 2007

Coritiba
 Brazilian Série B: 2007, 2010
 Paraná State Championship: 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

References

Other websites 
 Coritiba official website 

Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
1984 births
Living people
Brazilian association football goalkeepers
Ottershaw is a village in the Runnymede district of Surrey, England. It is about  southwest of London. Ottershaw is part of the mixed rural and suburban Foxhills ward. It is part of the parish of Ottershaw. This parish was first established in 1864 in what was part of the original parish of Chertsey. This is when the name 'Ottershaw' came into use. Before that it was a part of Chertsey Common, which was part of Windsor Forest.

References 

Villages in Surrey
1864 establishments in Europe
1860s establishments in England
Ventnor () is a seaside resort and civil parish on the south coast of the Isle of Wight, England. It was established in the Victorian era. Ventnor lies underneath St Boniface Down. At  it is the highest point on the Isle of Wight. Ventnor is built on steep slopes and cliffs leading down to the sea. The higher part is called Upper Ventnor. The lower part is simply known as Ventnor. Ventnor is sometimes understood as including the coastal villages of St. Lawrence to one side and Bonchurch to the other.

The sheltered location on the cliff of the Island's south coast means the area experiences a microclimate. It has more sunny days than much of the British Isles, and fewer frosts. This has allowed many species of subtropical plant to grow here. Ventnor Botanic Garden is particularly notable.

References 

Towns on the Isle of Wight
Diplomatics is a discipline which is concerned with the analysis of historical documents. The word goes back to diploma, which literally means folded (document). Using the term diplomatics for this science is probably due to a work called De re diplomatica, by Jean Mabilon (1632-1707). Note also, that the term is unrelated to diplomacy. 

The discipline originally evolved as a tool for studying and determining the authenticity of the official charters and diplomas issued by royal and papal chanceries. It was later found that many of the same underlying principles could be applied to other types of official document and legal instrument, to non-official documents such as private letters, and, most recently, to the metadata of electronic records.
Diplomatics is one of the auxiliary sciences of history. It should not be confused (as it often is) with its sister-discipline of palaeography. In fact, its techniques have more in common with those of the literary disciplines of textual criticism and historical criticism.

References

History
Documents
Lois Nettleton (August 16, 1927 – January 18, 2008) was an American actress. She acted in television and movies and on stage. She was a semifinalist at the 1948 Miss America pageant. She acted in dozens of television shows, including Gunsmoke and Daniel Boone.

Nettleton was born in Oak Park, Illinois. She died of lung cancer in California at age 80.

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Illinois
1927 births
2008 deaths
Joy Page (November 9, 1924 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress. She played Annina Brandel in the movie Casablanca. She also played Marsinah in the 1944 movie Kismet.

Page was born in Los Angeles, California. She died from pneumonia and a stroke, at age eighty-three.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1924 births
2008 deaths
Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877) was an American businessman, philanthropist, and slave owner. A lot of his wealth came from railroads and shipping.

He was also the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family. He was one of the richest Americans in history. He provided the initial gift to found Vanderbilt University, which is named in his honor.

Vanderbilt died on January 4, 1877 in New York City, New York from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aged 82.

Vanderbilt was worth more than $100 million at the time of his death (equivalent to approximately $ in  dollars).

References

Other websites

1794 births
1877 deaths
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from New York City
Deaths from COPD
Disease-related deaths in New York City
People from Staten Island
Slavers
A Dirty Shame is a 2004 satirical sex comedy movie. John Waters directed and wrote it. Tracey Ullman plays Sylvia. Selma Blair plays Caprice/Ursula. Patty Hearst plays Paige.

A Dirty Shame was released with an NC-17 rating by the MPAA. New Line Cinema was the distributor. It received mixed reviews.

Plot
The people of Harford Road (Maryland Route #147) are divided into two camps: puritanical people who hate anything even remotely sexual. There are also the perverts, a group of sexual addicts whose sexual fetishes have been brought to the fore.

A held back Sylvia Stickles finds herself as a puritan. One day, she leaves her promiscuous daughter Caprice locked up over the garage and under house arrest. Sylvia is smacked on the head by a passing car. She meets Ray-Ray Perkins, a local mechanic.

Through a series of bizarre head knockings, everyone in the Harford Area of Baltimore becomes a sex addict. Ray-Ray shoots semen from his head. He becomes the messiah of "Let's Go Sexin'".

Cast
Cast

 Tracey Ullman as Sylvia Stickles
 Johnny Knoxville as Ray-Ray Perkins
 Selma Blair as Caprice Stickles/"Ursula Udders"
 Chris Isaak as Vaughn Stickles
 Suzanne Shepherd as Big Ethel
 Mink Stole as Marge The Neuter 
 Patricia Hearst as Paige
 Jackie Hoffman as Dora
 Wes Johnson as Fat Fuck Frank
 Paul DeBoy as Wendell Doggett
 Gaelan Alexander Connell as Horny kid
 Channing Wilroy as Male motorist
 Rosemary Knower as Female motorist
 Alan J. Wendl as Officer Alvin
 James Ransone as Dingy Dave
 David A. Dunham as Mama Bear
 Dave Moretti as Papa Bear
 Jeffrey Auerbach as Baby Bear
 Jewel Orem as Officer Loose Linda
 Jonas Grey as Warren the mailman
 David DeBoy as Dr. Arlington
 Doug Roberts as Driving neuter husband
 Mary Vivian Pearce as Nonjudgmental ex-sex addict
 Jean Hill as Woman at fire escape
 Ty Ford as the taxi cab driver
 Bob Adams as Bus passenger
 George Figgs (uncredited) as Neuter
 Ricki Lake (cameo) as herself
 David Hasselhoff (cameo) as himself
Production
John Waters decided to make the movie when he found several sexual slang terms over the internet.

According to Waters, when he asked MPAA what he would have needed to cut from the movie before he could have it rated R, they said "after a while, we just stopped taking notes." It was simply released into theaters with an NC-17 rating.

It was shot entirely on location in Baltimore on the Harford Road.

Reception
A Dirty Shame got mixed reviews from critics. Some liked or loved its unashamed vulgarity. Others, though, went against it for the same reason. On the Rotten Tomatoes, the approval rating is 53%, based on the reviews of 117 critics. On the Metacritic, the review for the movie is 56 out of 100, which means "mixed or average".

References
References

2004 comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
2000s LGBT movies
English-language movies
2000s satirical movies
American LGBT movies
American sex comedy movies
American satirical movies
Movies set in Baltimore
Movies set in Maryland
Movies directed by John Waters
Selma Blair (b. June 23, 1972) is an American actress. She acts in a variety of movie genres. She played Cecile Caldwell in the movie Cruel Intentions. She played Vivian in Legally Blonde.

Blair was born in Southfield, Michigan.

In October 2018, Blair revealed that she had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Michigan
People with multiple sclerosis
1972 births
Living people
Southfield is a city in eastern Michigan. It is not far from Detroit. At the 2010 census, 71,739 people lived there.

Southfield was incorporated as city in 1958.

Cities in Michigan
1958 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Michigan
Lucha Underground (originally called Lucha: Uprising) was a American professional wrestling television series. The show was produced by United Artists Media Group. It aired weekly in English on the El Rey network, and in Spanish on UniMás. The promotion featured wrestlers from both the American independent circuit and the Mexican wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA).

It was announced on January 12, 2014, that AAA would start airing a show on the American network El Rey on the second half of the year and that it would be backed by Mark Burnett. It would feature monthly and quarterly specials and live pay-per-views. On October 29, 2014, the series premiered on El Rey Network. It aired Wednesdays at 8:00 p.m. ET. It premiered in Spanish on November 1, 2014 on UniMás. It aired Saturdays at 4:00 p.m. on UniMás.

Prince Puma was crowned as the first Lucha Underground Champion on October 5, 2014.
Angélico, Ivelisse and Son of Havoc became the first Lucha Underground Trios Champions when they won the Trios Tournament on February 8, 2015.

On September 21, 2015, it was announced that there would be a second season of Lucha Underground.

The series was cancelled on November 7, 2018 because of a lack of money.

Last champions

References

Other websites
Official website 

American professional wrestling promotions
Sports in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
2010s American television series
2014 American television series debuts
2018 American television series endings
2018 disestablishments in the United States
Jože Toporišič (October 11, 1926 – December 9, 2014) was a Slovene linguist. He was the author of the most influential Slovene scientific grammar of the second half of the 20th century. He was a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and coauthor of the Academy's Slovene Normative Guide (). He was born in Mostec, near Brežice in Slovenia.

Toporišič died in Ljubljana, Slovenia, aged 88.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1926 births
2014 deaths
Slovenian writers
Slovenian academics
Russell Paul Kemmerer (November 1, 1930 – December 8, 2014) was an American professional baseball player. He was a right-handed pitcher. He played for the Boston Red Sox (–), the Washington Senators (–), the Chicago White Sox (–), and the Houston Colt .45s (–) to finish his career.

Kemmerer died in Indianapolis, Indiana, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
Minnesota Twins players
Chicago White Sox players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Robert Bigger Oakley (March 12, 1931 – December 10, 2014) is an American diplomat. He was a Foreign Service Officer. He was United States Ambassador to Zaire, Somalia, and Pakistan. In the early 1990s, he was a special envoy during the American involvement in Somalia under the Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George Bush presidencies.

Oakley died in McLean, Virginia from complications from Parkinson's disease, aged 83.

References

Other websites
Adapted from: State Department biography  (public domain)
Mississippi State University: Biography of Robert B. Oakley 
 The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training; Interview of Robert B. Oakley by Charles Kennedy and Thomas Stern; July 7, 1992.

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Dallas
New Hartford is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 6,658 at the 2020 census.

References

Towns in Connecticut
Albert Günther FRS, (Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther, also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther, 3 October 1830 – 1 February 1914), was a German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. Günther is currently ranked the second-most productive reptile taxonomist. He described more than 340 reptile species.

He joined the British Museum in 1857, under Richard Owen and John Edward Gray. His first task was to classify 2000 snake specimens. After the death of Gray in 1875, Günther was appointed Keeper of Zoology at the Natural History Museum, a position he held until 1895. 

The major work of his life was the eight-volume Catalogue of Fishes (1859–1870, Ray Society). He also worked on the reptiles and amphibians in the museum collection. In 1864, he founded The Zoological Record and was editor for six years.

References

1830 births
1914 deaths
Ichthyologists
British zoologists
German zoologists
Tim Bergling (; 8 September 1989 – 20 April 2018), known professionally as Avicii (), was a Swedish musician, DJ, remixer, and record producer.

At 16, Bergling began posting his remixes on electronic music forums, which led to his first record deal. He rose to prominence in 2011 with his single "Levels". His debut studio album, True (2013), blended electronic music with elements of multiple genres and received generally positive reviews. It peaked in the top ten in more than fifteen countries and topped international dance charts; the lead single, "Wake Me Up", topped most music markets in Europe and reached number four in the United States.
In 2015, Bergling released his second studio album, Stories, and in 2017 he released an EP, Avīci (01). His catalogue also included the singles "I Could Be the One" with Nicky Romero, "You Make Me", "X You", "Hey Brother", "Addicted to You", "The Days", "The Nights", "Waiting for Love", "Without You" and "Lonely Together". Bergling was nominated for a Grammy Award for his work on "Sunshine" with David Guetta in 2012 and "Levels" in 2013. Several music publications credit Bergling as among the DJs who ushered electronic music into Top 40 radio in the early 2010s.

Bergling retired from touring in 2016 due to health problems, having suffered stress and poor mental health for several years. On 20 April 2018, Avicii was found dead in Muscat, Oman. On 1 May, it was reported that the cause of his death was suicide from self-inflicted injuries from a broken wine bottle. He was buried on 8 June in his hometown of Stockholm, Sweden.
Death 
Bergling died on 20 April 2018 near Muscat, Oman, at the age of 28. No cause of death was immediately given. On 21 April, the Omani police stated that there was "no criminal suspicion" or evidence of foul play in Bergling's death. On 26 April, his family released an open letter stating:

On 1 May, TMZ reported that the cause of death was a suicide due to self-inflicted injuries with a broken wine bottle, with Avicii eventually dying of blood loss. On 22 May, Bergling's family announced plans for a private funeral with "the people who were closest to him". Bergling was buried on 8 June at the Skogskyrkogården cemetery in Stockholm.
Tributes 
On 20 May, American DJ duo, The Chainsmokers, and American singer-songwriter, Halsey, paid tribute to Avicii at the 2018 Billboard Music Awards before presenting the winner of the Top Hot 100 Song. The Chainsmokers' Drew Taggart said, "His passing was a great loss for the music world and for us. He was an artist who inspired so many in so many ways, and simply put, he meant so much to us and everyone in the EDM community." Halsey then delivered an emotional discussion about mental health and emphasized the need for people to love and support each other.
On 16 November, Avicii's family organised a public memorial service at the Hedvig Eleonora Church in Stockholm. The service saw a huge fan turn-out, with hundreds of fans filling the church to mourn pay their respects. The service featured an orchestral choir which played music linking to events in Avicii's life and ended with a version of his 2013 number one hit "Wake Me Up". One fan described it as a "very moving" service and "a great tribute to Avicii".

References 

1989 births
2018 deaths
Swedish DJs
Swedish record producers
Musicians from Stockholm
Vonetta McGee (14 January 1945 – 9 July 2010) was an American actress. She was known for her roles in movies during the 1970s. She played the Negress in The Kremlin Letter. She played Melinda in the movie Melinda.

McGee was born in San Francisco, California. She died from cardiac arrest in Berkeley, California.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from San Francisco
1945 births
2010 deaths
Zalman King (May 23, 1942 – February 3, 2012) was an American movie writer, producer, movie director and actor. He directed several erotic movies, including Wild Orchid (1990) and Two Moon Junction (1988).

King was born in Trenton, New Jersey. He died from cancer in Santa Monica, California.

Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
Cancer deaths in California
1942 births
2012 deaths
Two Moon Junction is a 1988 melodrama and erotic romance-thriller movie. The movie is about events happening in the Southern United States. Sherilyn Fenn plays April. Louise Fletcher plays Belle. Milla Jovovich plays Samantha.

This was Milla Jovovich's first movie.

This movie was filmed around Los Angeles.

1980s thriller movies
1980s drama movies
1988 movies
American independent movies
"Billy Boys", also titled "The Billy Boys, is a loyalist song from Glasgow, sung to the tune of "Marching Through Georgia." It was first sung in the 1930s as the main song of one of the Glasgow razor gangs led by Billy Fullerton and later became viewed to reflect the long running sectarian divide in the city. It is also commonly used by fans of Rangers football club.

Sources

Political songs
Warlingham is a village in the  Tandridge district of Surrey, England. It is  south of the centre of London. Warlingham consists of many shops and primary schools. There is also a secondary school, Warlingham School. Warlingham is near to other villages such as Caterham, Whyteleafe and Sanderstead.

Villages in Surrey
Wembley is an area of northwest London. It is a part of the London Borough of Brent. It is famous for Wembley Stadium (first built April 23, 1923) and Wembley Arena (first built 1934). A new outlet centre, London Designer Outlet, was built in the area and opened in 2013.

London Borough of Brent
Areas of London
Addlestone is a large village in Runnymede, Surrey. It is situated between Weybridge and Chertsey. It has a railway station that has direct links to London within 1.5 hours. Addlestone is famous for a thousand year oak tree named The Crouch Oak. There is a legend that Queen Elizabeth I stopped to picnic under it.

References 
 

Villages in Surrey
Morden is a district in the London Borough of Merton. It is the final stop on the Northern line. There is a library, many shops, a church called 'Morden Baptist Church' and a large mosque. 

Towns in London
Wareside is a small village in Hertfordshire, England. It is about 3 miles away from the town of Ware.

Villages in Hertfordshire
Petham is a small village in Kent. It is  from the local town, Canterbury. It has Tudor and medieval buildings.

Villages in Kent
Weybridge is a small town in Surrey. It is near Walton-On-Thames and Addlestone. Weybridge is known for being a middle class area with many wealthy people living there.

Famous residents
Famous residents, past and present, include:
Jacqueline Bisset - actress, was born in the town.
John Lennon - lived in Weybridge in the mid to late 1960s, in a mansion on St George's Hill
Ringo Starr - lived in Weybridge in the late 1960s
Tom Jones - lived in Weybridge in the late 1960s
Nina Bawden - lived in Weybridge in the 1960s and 70s, Carrie's War was written at her house in Hanger Hill, since demolished along with the private 'Wallop School'
E. M. Forster - author, wrote his best known book, Howards End, in Weybridge, 1908–10
Petr Čech - Czech footballer, Chelsea F.C.
Peter Crouch - footballer, Stoke City F.C.
Cliff Richard - pop singer

Towns in Surrey
Chertsey is a small town in Surrey that is near Addlestone and Staines. It has a very large parks including St Annes Hill, Abbey Fields and The Meeds

Towns in Surrey
Wembley Arena is an indoor arena in Wembley, London, England. It is next to Wembley Stadium. The arena was built for the 1934 British Empire Games. Originally, it had a large swimming pool, as reflected by its name at the time, Empire Pool. In 1978, it was renamed Wembley Arena. It became one of the best known indoor music venues in England. It seats 12,000. In April 2006 it was refurbished. It was the main stadium for the 1948 Summer Olympics. Since 1934, Wembley has hosted concerts by the world's most famous artists, spanning many different genres of music.

References 

Sports buildings
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Brent
Whyteleafe is a small village on the edge of Surrey. It is between Purley and Caterham. It has good transport links with London and the south of England.

Whyteleafe is very close to Riddlesdown. It is also close to the secondary school Riddlesdown Collegiate, that the famous model Kate Moss attended.

Villages in Surrey
Debenhams was the United Kingdom's largest department store chain. It was formed in 1778. It is a company that has opened shops across the world, first opening in London, England. Debenhams operated nearly 100 retail stores in the UK in 2005. It is one of the companies on the FTSE 250 Index. The 2014 Christmas advert was filmed in the Sutton, London shop in August 2014.

Debenhams was acquired by the online retailer Boohoo for £55m in 2021.

References 

1778 establishments
Companies based in London
Department stores
1770s establishments in Europe
18th-century establishments in Great Britain

Retail companies of the United Kingdom
Sandgate is a small seaside village in Kent. It is near Folkestone.

Villages in Kent
New Cross is a small town in South East London, near Deptford. It is close to Central London, only three minutes away by train.

Deptford is near the old docklands. It has many cobble streets.

London Borough of Lewisham
Banstead is a village in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. 
It has been there since 967 AD. It has a high street with lots of coffee shops, such as Cafe Nero, Costa, and Caffe Italia.
Towns close by include Reigate, Sutton, Epsom and Belmont. 

Villages in Surrey
West Bridgford is a small town in Nottinghamshire. The River Trent runs through it. The Trent Bridge cricket ground and the Nottingham Forest football ground are there.

West Bridgford has a lot of independent cafes and supermarkets such as ASDA, Marks and Spencers and The Co-operative.
West Bridgford is often called "Bread and Lard Island". It is called that because it is thought that the people who live there spend most of their money on big houses and fur coats, and can only afford to eat bread and lard at home.

References

Towns in Nottinghamshire
Regent's Canal is a canal in England. It runs through Camden. It is part of the London Canal Network.

Other websites

Canals in England