Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A privately held company is a company which is not quoted on stock exchanges, and its stocks cannot be openly bought or sold. Often it is owned by a family or a small group of Shareholders. Private companies are often small, but some are amongst the largest companies in the world. Many public companies started life as private companies. In the United States, private companies are held to different auditing standards than are public companies. Private companies do not have to file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This makes it harder to find financial information on private companies.

References 

Companies
Constance Jablonski is a French model.

Early life
In 2006, she won Elite Model Look in France. She finished her studies and started modeling two years later. In 2009, she started walking fashion shows, for example for Lanvin, Gucci and Elie Saab.

Career
Since 2010, she is a spokesmodel for Estée Lauder. Since 2010, she also walks the runway for Victoria's Secret every year.

References

1991 births
Living people
French models
People from Lille
Rebel Heart is the thirteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna.  It was her second album to be released under Interscope Records, after her previous album, MDNA. It was released on March 10, 2015. Rebel Heart debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200. It contained the singles "Living for Love" and "Bitch I'm Madonna". The second song, "Bitch I'm Madonna", features Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. American disc jockey Diplo was one of the producers of the album, along with Madonna herself.

Track listing

References 

Madonna albums
2015 albums
Horneophyton is a genus of early Devonian fossil land plants. Its fossils are very common in the Rhynie chert. Both the sporophyte and a female gametophyte have been found as fossils. The sporophyte was about 20 cm tall, and the gametophyte was about 6 cm tall. It is not really a vascular plant. It had vascular tissue but the cells had thin walls.

Horneophyton had anatomy similar to the hornworts. It is also similar to the vascular plant Rhynia which lived at the same time. It might therefore be a missing link between the Bryophytes like hornworts and the vascular plants like Rhynia.

References 

 
 

Fossil plants
Extinct plants
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the study of the internal structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant morphology, which is the study of the external parts of plants. Plant anatomy is usually studied with a microscope.

References
R.E.M. or REM are initials for these things:

Rapid eye movement sleep
R.E.M. (band)
Iris is a genus of 260–300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers. It takes its name from the Greek word for a rainbow. This refers to the wide variety of flower colors found among the many species. The scientific name, iris is also very widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. It is a member of the Iridaceae family It is a popular garden flower.
Description 
Irises are hardy plants (able to survive outside during winter) that are easy to grow. They attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Irises are a favorite cut flower. The bearded irises (Iris germanica) is the tallest at about . Irises generally have three large sepals on the outside called "falls". They have three inner petals called "standards". Irises that are called bearded are because of soft hairs growing in the center. Irises that are called combed have a ridge of hairs in the center.  A common name for some species is 'flags'. Plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as 'junos', particularly in horticulture.

References 

Flowers
Iridaceae
Chris [ kris ] is a nickname or short form of various given names. These include Christopher, Christian, Christina, Christine, and Christos. The nickname is used by both males and females. Most names Chris is based on have meanings regarding Christ. For example Christopher means "bearer of Christ". It is also a name used by individuals. Chris Columbus and Chris Penn are two well known examples. It is also a name given to tropical storms, hurricanes, trademarks such as Chris-Craft Boats and other places and things.

People 

 Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (1967–2007)

References 

Given names
The Royal Institution of Great Britain (usually the Royal Institution or RI) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London.

The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish. Its purpose was to:
"diffuse the knowledge, and facilitate the general introduction, of useful mechanical inventions and improvements; and for teaching, by courses of philosophical lectures and experiments, the application of science to the common purposes of life". 

Directors of the R.I. have included some of the greatest scientists, including Humphrey Davy, Michael Faraday, Sir William Henry Bragg and Sir William Lawrence Bragg, Max Perutz and John Kendrew. Fifteen Directors have won Nobel Prizes.
Greenfield controversy
From 1998 to 8 January 2010, the Director of the Royal Institution was Baroness Susan Greenfield, but following a review, the position was abolished for being "no longer affordable". The Royal Institution had found itself in a financial crisis following a £22m development programme led by Greenfield, which included refurbishment of the institution's main Albemarle Street building, and the addition of a restaurant and bar with an aim to turn the venue into a "Groucho club for science". The project ended £3 million in debt.
Greenfield subsequently announced that she would be suing for discrimination.
The RI's official statement stated it would "continue to deliver its main charitable objectives under the direction of chief executive officer, Chris Rofe and a talented senior team including Professor Quentin Pankhurst, the Director of the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, Dr Gail Cardew, the Head of Programmes and Professor Frank James, Head of Collections and Heritage". Baroness Greenfield later dropped the discrimination case.

References 

1799 establishments
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
18th-century establishments in Great Britain
1790s establishments in Europe
Scientific organisations based in the United Kingdom
Maria de Jesus Simões Barroso Soares, GCL (2 May 1925 – 7 July 2015) was a Portuguese politician and actress. She was the wife of former Portuguese President Mário Soares. She served as First Lady of Portugal between 1986 and 1996.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Portuguese politicians
Portuguese movie actors
Jerome Charles "Jerry" Weintraub (September 26, 1937 – July 6, 2015) was an American talent agent, concert promoter, movie producer and chairman and CEO of United Artists.

Weintraub was born in Brooklyn and raised in the Bronx. For some time, Weintraub worked at MCA Records.

His career began as a talent agent in 1974. He was known for managing many singers such as John Denver, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Neil Diamond, Bob Dylan, and the rock group Led Zeppelin.

He also produced movies, including: Nashville (1975), Diner (1982), The Karate Kid (1984), and the 2001 remake of Ocean's Eleven (2001).  In 2014 he won an Emmy Award as co-producer of Years of Living Dangerously, a television documentary about global warming. In 2011, HBO broadcast a television documentary about Weintraub's life, called His Way.

In 1965, Weintraub married Jane Morgan, who was 13 years older than Weintraub. Together, they had four children.

Weintraub died in Santa Barbara, California from a heart attack at the age of 77.
References

Other websites
 Jerry Weintraub interview at Elvis Australia
 
 

1937 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Brooklyn
Actors from the Bronx
American movie actors
American television producers
Businesspeople from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Movie producers from New York City
Emmy Award winners
Jane Morgan (born May 3, 1924) is an American popular music singer. Morgan was popular in France and the UK before becoming popular in the United States. She received six gold records and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She retired in 1973.

Morgan married movie producer and talent agent, Jerry Weintraub in 1965. They had four children. Weintraub died in 2015.

Notable performances 
Morgan performed for French President Charles de Gaulle. She also sang for five U.S. Presidents: John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and George W. Bush. She toured with Jack Benny and John Raitt, and sang at the Grand Ole Opry. Two of her RCA singles hit the Billboard country charts in 1970.

References 

1924 births
Living people
Singers from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
(March 13, 1903 – January 19, 2016) was a Japanese tailor and supercentenarian who was the oldest living man in the world at the time of his death at age 112 years, 312 days. He was the oldest living person in Aichi Prefecture from Tsuya Miura's death on March 31, 2014 until his death. He lived in Moriyama-ku, Nagoya.

Life 
Koide was born in Tsuruga, Japan on March 13, 1903, where he worked as a tailor, and worked in the field and was able to ride a tricycle until age 105 when he got a heatstroke and his only ambulance service, but besides that he had never been seriously ill. 

At age 107, Koide moved to Nagoya to live with his daughter. He had in total 7 children, 9 grandchildren, 14 great-grandchildren and at least one great-great-grandchild. 

At age 110, Koide could still read newspaper without glasses and eat food without dentures and said his favourite food was bread and the secret to his long life was avoiding to overdo things, and not to smoke or drink alcohol.
Koide became the world's oldest living man after the death of another Japanese man, Sakari Momoi, on 5 July 2015. In December 2015, Koide was hospitalized for chronic heart problems. He died at the hospital of pneumonia and heart failure at 0:17am on January 19, 2016. 

He was succeeded as the world's oldest living man by Yisrael Kristal and as Japan's oldest living man by Masamitsu Yoshida.

References 

1903 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from heart failure
Japanese supercentenarians
People from Fukui Prefecture
Carlo Alberto de Gavardo Prohens (14 July 1969 – 4 July 2015) was a Chilean motorist and motorcyclist. He has participated in numerous rallies worldwide, including the Dakar Rally and Rallye des Pharaons. He was the first Chilean motorcyclist to run the Paris-Dakar from beginning to end.

de Gavardo died of respiratory arrest in Buin, Chile, aged 45.

References

1969 births
2015 deaths
Chilean sportspeople
Scot Alexander Breithaupt (July 14, 1957 – c. July 4, 2015) was an entrepreneur, "Old School" professional Motorcycle MX and Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer and a founding father of BMX in 1970.

Breithaupt was found dead in a tent where he had been living in a vacant lot in Indio, California on July 4, 2015, aged 57.

References

1957 births
2015 deaths
Sportspeople from California
People from Long Beach, California
Paul Hogan, AM (born 8 October 1940) is an Australian comedian, actor, producer. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won a Golden Globe award for his performance as Michael "Crocodile" Dundee in "Crocodile" Dundee (1986).

References

Other websites
 
 

Golden Globe Award winning actors
1940 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Australian comedians
Actors from New South Wales
Linda Kozlowski (born January 7, 1958) is an American former actress. She has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award. She is known for her role as Sue Charlton in "Crocodile" Dundee.

References

Other websites

1958 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Fairfield, Connecticut
Gordon Edwynn Hunt (April 26, 1929 – December 17, 2016) was an American actor, voice actor, director of stage, movie, and voiceover and casting director.

He has directed such animated productions such as The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, Super Friends, The Pirates of Dark Water, Droopy, Master Detective, Pound Puppies, The Richie Rich Show, The Smurfs and many more.

Other websites
Official Website 

1929 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Leonard Starr (October 28, 1925 – June 30, 2015) was an American cartoonist, comic book artist, and advertising artist. He was best known for creating the newspaper comic strip On Stage and reviving Little Orphan Annie.

References

Other websites
Leonard Starr official site
NCS Awards 

1925 births
2015 deaths
American cartoonists
American comics artists
People from New York City
"Love Me like You Do" is a song recorded by British recording artist Ellie Goulding. It was recorded for the movie Fifty Shades of Grey. It reached number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and on the Canadian Hot 100. It was #1 on the UK Singles Chart and the charts of several other countries. The song is an electropop song. It is the fifth song on the movie's soundtrack. It was later included on Goulding's third studio album, Delirium.

The song's music video has received over 1.7 billion views on YouTube as of March 2018.

References

2015 songs
2010s ballads
Electronic music
Ellie Goulding songs
Pop ballads
Songs about sexuality
Synth-pop
Jonatan Leandoer Håstad (born 18 July 1996) better known by his stage name Yung Lean is a Swedish rapper, singer and songwriter known for wearing bucket hats. Yung Lean released his debut (first) mixtape in 2013, titled Unknown Death 2002. He has multiple singles on YouTube under his label Sad Boys Entertainment. These include "Ginseng Strip 2002", "Kyoto", and "Yoshi City". Lean released his debut album Unknown Memory during the late summer of 2014. This followed a two-month long American tour. The New York Times called him an up-and-comer in the rap world. "A 17-year-old Swedish kid can rack up millions of YouTube views and SoundCloud plays without making so much as a ripple in the mainstream hip-hop world." He seems to have made more than a ripple.

Håstad was born in Belarus. At age 3 he moved to Sweden. At first he only spoke Russian. He learned Swedish and performs in English.

References
References

Swedish musicians
Rappers
Swedish record producers
Musicians from Stockholm
Singers from Stockholm
Living people
1996 births
Robert Rahmeek Williams (born May 6, 1987), known professionally as Meek Mill is an American rapper from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was briefly signed to Atlanta-based record label Grand Hustle, owned by record executive and fellow American rapper T.I.. In February 2011, after leaving Grand Hustle, Mill signed a record deal with fellow American rapper Rick Ross' Miami-based Maybach Music Group (MMG) imprint.

Mill's debut studio album, Dreams and Nightmares, was released in 2012, under MMG and Warner Bros. Records. The album, preceded by the single "Young & Gettin' It", debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200. He has also appeared on MMG's Self Made compilation series, with his debut single "Tupac Back" and second single "Ima Boss", being included on volume one.

In October 2012, Meek Mill announced the launching of his own imprint, Dream Chasers Records, named after his popular mixtape series. He also revealed having already signed several fellow Philadelphia-based rappers in 2012.

Discography
Discography

 Dreams and Nightmares (2012)
 Dreams Worth More Than Money (2015)
 Wins & Losses (2017)
 Championships (2018)
 Expensive Pain (2021)

References

1987 births
Living people
Musicians from Philadelphia
Rappers from Pennsylvania
Gangsta rappers
Hardcore hip hop artists
African American musicians
African-American rappers
The Developmentalism is an economic theory. It says that the best way for third world countries to develop is through a strong and varied internal market and by having high tariffs on imported goods.

Developmentalism is based on the assumptions that:
There are similar stages to development for all countries.
There is movement from one stage to another. This movement goes from traditional or primitive to modern or industrialized.

Related pages 
 Economic development
 Protectionism

References

Other websites 
 Aktionsgemeinschaft Soziale Marktwirtschaft - German Ordoliberal association 
 Journal of Post Keynesian Economics

Economic theories
James Stuart "Jim" Gilmore III (born October 6, 1949) is an American politician. He was the United States Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe from July 2019 until January 2021. He was the 68th Governor of Virginia from 1998 to 2002. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Gilmore ran for President of the United States in 2008, but lost the primaries to John McCain. Gilmore announced his launch for his 2016 United States presidential campaign on July 30, 2015. He withdrew after poor polling numbers on February 12, 2016.

In November 2018, Gilmore was nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as the U.S. Representative to United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. His nomination was confirmed by a voice vote of the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2019.
Early life
Gilmore was born in Richmond, Virginia. His parents were Margaret Evelyn (née Kandle), a church secretary, and James Stuart Gilmore, Jr., a grocery store meat cutter. He graduated from John Randolph Tucker High School and received an undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia in 1971.

Early career
Gilmore was elected Commonwealth's Attorney of his native Henrico County in 1987 and 1991, and then was first elected to statewide office in 1993 as Virginia's Attorney General. Gilmore resigned in 1997 to run for Governor, also joining the law firm of LeClairRyan as a partner.

Governor of Virginia (1998-2002)
Gilmore was elected Governor of Virginia in 1997, winning 56% of the vote to Beyer's 43%. He was inaugurated on January 17, 1998.
In his first year as Governor, Gilmore pushed for car tax reduction legislation that was eventually passed by the Democratic-controlled General Assembly. Gilmore signed an executive order reducing state spending by all agencies, except for education, to keep the state's budget balanced during the economic downturn.

In 1999, Gilmore proposed and signed into law legislation that reduced tuitions at public colleges and universities by 20%. Gilmore created the nation's first state Secretary of Technology. As Governor, Gilmore signed into law legislation establishing a 24-hour waiting period and informed consent for women seeking an abortion, as well as a ban against partial birth abortion.

The Virginia Constitution forbids any Governor from serving consecutive terms, so Gilmore could not run for a second term in 2001. He was succeeded by Democrat Mark Warner, who took office in early 2002.
2008 Senate campaign
In the November election, Gilmore was defeated, winning only 34 percent of the vote to Warner's 65 percent. Gilmore only carried four counties in the state – Rockingham, Augusta, Powhatan and Hanover. In many cases, he lost in many areas of the state that are normally reliably Republican.

2008 presidential campaign
On December 19, 2006, Gilmore announced he would form an exploratory committee to "fill the conservative void" in the race. On January 9, 2007, Gilmore officially filed papers with the Federal Election Commission to form the Jim Gilmore for President Exploratory Committee.

On July 14, 2007, Gilmore announced that he was ending his campaign. Gilmore said that it would be "impractical" to run, citing the difficulty of raising enough money to be competitive in early-voting states of Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina.
2016 presidential campaign
Gilmore announced that he would run for president in his second presidential campaign for the 2016 presidential election on July 30, 2015. His campaign was headquartered in Henrico, Virginia. He withdrew after the New Hampshire primary due to poor debate and polling performances on February 12, 2016.

Ambassadorship
Gilmore was considered for the position of United States Ambassador to Germany by the Trump Administration, but ultimately not chosen. In November 2018, Gilmore was nominated as the next U.S. Representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe with the rank of ambassador. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2019. He was sworn-in on July 2, 2019.

Personal life
Gilmore has been married to Roxane Gatling since 1977. Together, they have two sons.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Official Senate campaign website
 Virginia Patriot, Gilmore's official blog (former presidential site redirects here)
 Official MySpace profile
 Gilmore's website as governor of Virginia, January 1999

2016 United States presidential candidates
2008 United States presidential candidates
Ambassadors of the United States
1949 births
Living people
Governors of Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Richmond, Virginia
Volga Germans ( or Russlanddeutsche, , povolzhskie nemtsy) were ethnic Germans living along the Volga River. They kept the culture, language, traditions and religions of Germans, including Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism.

Catherine the Great invited Germans to immigrate. She gave them Russian lands, and allowed them to keep their language and culture.

The Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of the Volga Germans (; ) existed from 1924 to 1942 with the capital in Engels.

South America
Germans from Russia also settled in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Most Volga Germans who settled in Latin America were Catholic. Many Catholic Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the nations in South America shared their religion.

Other websites 
 Volga Germans
 American Historical Society of Germans from Russia 
 Germans from Russia in Argentina Genealogy  
 Wolgadeutschen  

Germanic peoples
Robert Leroy "Bob" Ehrlich, Jr. (born November 25, 1957) is an American attorney and Republican politician. He served as the 60th Governor of Maryland from 2003 to 2007.

Other websites

 Maryland Archives gubernatorial biography. 
 Maryland Archives general biography. 
 Congressional Quarterly election library. 
 Ehrlich Personnel Story 
 MD Gubernatorial Candidates List  at Ballotpedia

1957 births
Living people
American Methodists
Governors of Maryland
Princeton University alumni
United States representatives from Maryland
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Oestrone is an oestrogen. It is produced by the ovaries or by adipose tissue. It can be made artificially, and is used to treat deficiency of oestrogen and breast cancer.

Steroid hormones
The cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) is a species of small dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae. This shark, also called the cigar shark, lives in warm, oceanic waters around the world. It often lives near islands. It has been recorded as deep as .

The name "cookiecutter shark" refers to its biting. It takes round plugs, as if cut out with a cookie cutter, out of larger animals. Marks made by cookiecutter sharks have been found on many marine mammals and fishes, as well as on submarines, undersea cables, and even human bodies. 

Sharks
Ágnes Osztolykán (born 3 November 1974) is a Hungarian of Roma Background, politician an activist for the Roma people.  She was in the National Assembly of Hungary from  2010 to 2014. In 2011, she received International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

Work 

Osztolykán studied at the University of Miskolc.  She graduated in 1998 with a degree in political science. Then she worked for the Soros Foundation.  She was head of the Decade of Roma Inclusion Program at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor for six years. 

She went to Parliament in 2010.  She was a member of the parliamentary group of Lehet Más a Politika (LMP), or Politics Can Be Different Party. On 26 November 2012, she became deputy leader of the LMP parliamentary group.
Osztolykán is an activist for Romani children's education, Roma and minority rights, and the Roma in Hungary. She works for vocational training which helps students get jobs. She also works as a volunteer teacher at a Roma vocational school in Budapest’s poorer Eighth District.

Awards 

 International Women of Courage Award

References

Other websites 

 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Civil rights activists
Hungarian politicians
Living people
1974 births
Roma people
Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (Kyrgyz and Russian: Роза Исаковна Отунбаева; born August 23, 1950) is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician.  She was President of Kyrgyzstan from April 7, 2010 until December 1, 2011. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Life

Otunbayeva was born in Frunze (now Bishkek), in Kyrgyzstan in the Soviet Union. She got a degree in philosophy from Moscow State University in 1972.  Then she was a senior professor and head of the philosophy department at Kyrgyz State National University for six years. In 1975 she got a Candidate of Sciences degree after writing a dissertation named "Critique of falsification of Marxist-Leninist dialectic by the philosophers of Frankfurt school".

Otunbayeva is divorced and has two children. She speaks Russian, English, German, and French in addition to Kyrgyz.
Work 
In 1981, Otunbayeva became a secretary of the Lenin council of Frunze. In the late 1980s, she was the head of the Soviet delegation to UNESCO in Paris.  Later she was the Soviet Ambassador to Malaysia. When Kyrgyzstan became independent, she was the Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, then she was Kyrgyzstan's first ambassador to the USA and Canada. From 1998 to 2001, she was the Kyrgyz ambassador to the United Kingdom. From 2002 to 2004, she was deputy head of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia.   On April 7, 2010, Otunbayeva became the head of a Kyrgyz interim government.

References

Other websites 

 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
1950 births
Living people
Academics
Ambassadors to the United States
Government ministers
Presidents of Kyrgyzstan
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Ambassadors to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors to Canada
Peter (Balazs) Záboji (25 December 1943 – 3 July 2015) was a Hungarian investor and entrepreneur. He has contributed significantly to the development of start up businesses in Budapest and received the highest civil recognition from the president of Hungary.

References

1943 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from Budapest
John Alfred Williams (December 5, 1925 – July 3, 2015) was an African-American author, journalist, and academic. His novel The Man Who Cried I Am was a bestseller in 1967.

Williams was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He studied at Syracuse University. Williams died in Paramus, New Jersey from Alzheimer's disease, aged 89.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American journalists
Educators from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
People from Jackson, Mississippi
Irwin Keyes (March 16, 1952 – July 8, 2015) was an American actor He was known for his role as Hugo in the television series The Jeffersons.

Keyes' family announced his death on July 8, 2015. He was 63 years old. Keyes died from acromegaly.

References

Other websites

1952 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Fons van Wissen (21 March 19337 July 2015) was a Dutch football player.

He made his debut for the Netherlands in an April 1957 friendly match against Belgium and has earned a total of 30 caps, scoring 4 goals. He represented his country in 4 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
A Mitraillette (, literally "submachine gun"), is a type of food from Belgium. It might come from Brussels, but is also popular in Flanders, Wallonia and the Nord region of France, where it is also known as an "Américain" (literally an "American").

Composition
A typical mitraillette consists of:

 A demi-baguette (or sometimes a smaller version of a baguette).
 Fried meat (as sausage, burger, steak, frikandel). The type of meat will be different in each restaurant.
 Fries
 One of a variety of sauces, including mayonnaise, ketchup, sauce andalouse, garlic sauce, bearnaise sauce and many others.

Crudités are often included (grated carrot, fresh lettuce, tomato slices), though different in each location. Cheese and cabbage are also sometimes included.

Originally mitraillettes only contained a sausage or sliced meat. Different versions quickly became available. Often, dürüms are served instead in more multicultural areas.

References

Other websites

Belgian culture
Sandwiches
Richard Shelby (born May 6, 1934) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Alabama from 1987 to 2023. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 1987. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1987.

Shelby was born on May 6, 1934 in Birmingham, Alabama. He graduated from the University of Alabama. Shelby Hall at the University of Alabama is the largest science facility in the US. It was finished in 2004 and named for Shelby and his wife. He is married to Dr. Annette N. Shelby. They have two children.

Shelby said he would retire in 2022 and not run to be elected again.

References

Other websites
 Richard Shelby, US Senator for Alabama, Home Page
1934 births
Living people
Lawyers from Birmingham, Alabama
Politicians from Birmingham, Alabama
People from Tuscaloosa, Alabama
State legislators of the United States
United States representatives from Alabama
United States senators from Alabama
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Mahogany is a hard tropical wood from the Americas. It was discovered by Europeans early in the 16th century (~1514). The wood comes from a tree, Swietenia mahagoni. The tree is native to southern Florida  and islands in the Caribbean including the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.

At first, mahogany was used by the Spanish and English to build ships. 
Mark Catesby's Natural History explains why: 
"[Mahogany] has properties for that use excelling oak, and all other wood, viz. durableness, resisting gunshots, and burying the shot without splintering".

The second use for mahogany was to make furniture. The Spanish were first to do this, but in the 18th and early 19th century it was much used by English workshops. This period is called "Age of Mahogany". Also much furniture in mahogany was made in France and other European countries.
It has a few special characteristics that make mahogany a helpful wood. It is strong and durable but easy to bend so is especially helpful for carpenters. Mahogany trees, although endangered, grow very tall and are so may be cut into large sheets. Also, mahogany is resistant to stains.

References 

Wood
Richard Burr (born November 30, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from North Carolina from 2005 to 2023. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2005. Burr was the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. He succeeded Dianne Feinstein as chairman in January 2015.

In July 2016, Burr said that he would not run for re-election in 2022.

Burr was born on November 30, 1955 in Charlottesville, Virginia. He graduated from the Wake Forest University. He is married to Brooke Fauth. They have two children.

On February 13, 2021 Burr voted that no longer Republican President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. He and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

References

Other websites
 Richard Burr, U.S. Senator for North Carolina, Home Page
1955 births
Living people
Politicians from Virginia
United States representatives from North Carolina
United States senators from North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Charlottesville, Virginia
Judd Gregg (born February 14, 1947) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from the state of New Hampshire. Before becoming a U.S. Senator, he was Governor of New Hampshire from 1989 to 1993.

Gregg was born on February 14, 1947 in Nashua, New Hampshire. He studied at Columbia University and at Boston University School of Law. He is married to Kathleen MacLellan Gregg. They have two children.

References

Other websites

1947 births
Living people
Lawyers from New Hampshire
Boston University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Governors of New Hampshire
United States representatives from New Hampshire
United States senators from New Hampshire
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Nashua, New Hampshire
Michael Robert Lamb (born August 9, 1975) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and first baseman. Lamb stands  and weighs .

Other websites

References 

Living people
1975 births
Texas Rangers players
Florida Marlins players
Baseball players from California
The Highwaymen were a Country music supergroup. It included four of the biggest stars at the time. All were well known for their pioneering influence on the outlaw country genre. These included Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson. The group was active between 1985 and 1995. All four had worked together before in various combinations. Their first single, "Highwayman," went to number one on the country charts. The album of the same name on Columbia Records also hit number one on the country album charts.
Between the years of 1997 and 1999, Nelson, Kristofferson, Cash, and Jennings also provided the voice and dramatization for the "Louis L'Amour Collection". This was a four CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company. But the four were not credited as "The Highwaymen" in this work. Only one other recording artist ever appeared on a Highwaymen recording: Johnny Rodriguez. He provided a Spanish vocal on 'Deportee', a Woody Guthrie song, from "Highwayman".

Discography

Albums

References 

Country musicians
Musical groups established in 1985
Johnny Cash
James Vincent Tate (December 8, 1943 – July 8, 2015) was an American poet whose work earned him the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. He was a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
1943 births
2015 deaths
American poets
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Yoash "Chatto" Tzidon, , (November 28, 1926 – July 8, 2015) was an Israeli former Air Force commander and politician.

He joined the Movement for Greater Israel, and later the Tzomet party. He was elected to the Knesset in 1988 on the Tzomet list, and was one of the instigators of the law that led to direct elections for the Prime Minister. He lost his seat in the 1992 elections.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Aviators
Members of the Knesset
Israeli military people
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish military people
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Romanian Jews
Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (), also known as Saud Al Faisal (‎; 2 January 1940 – 9 July 2015), was a Saudi diplomat and statesman. He served as Saudi Arabia's foreign minister from 1975 to 2015.

By the time of his retirement, he was the world's longest-serving foreign minister. He was a member of  the Saudi royal family.

Saud died on 9 July 2015 from complications from Parkinson's disease after going through surgery in Los Angeles, California at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
 

1940 births
2015 deaths
Diplomats
Saudi Arabian politicians
Caspar Bowden (died July 2015) was a privacy advocate, formerly chief privacy adviser at Microsoft. Styled as "an independent advocate for information privacy rights, and public understanding of privacy research in computer science", he was on the Tor anonymous service network board of directors.

References

2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer
British computer scientists
Kenneth Michael "Ken" Stabler (December 25, 1945 – July 8, 2015), nicknamed "The Snake," was an American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Oakland Raiders (1970–1979), Houston Oilers (1980–1981) and New Orleans Saints (1982–1984). He played college football for the University of Alabama.

Other websites
 Ken Stabler Facebook
 KenStabler.com
 XOXO Stabler Foundation

1945 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Oakland Raiders players
Tennessee Titans players
New Orleans Saints players
Sportspeople from Alabama
Mark Whitty Everson (born September 10, 1954) is an American politician. He served as the 46th Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 2003 until 2007.

On March 5, 2015, Everson announced his intention to seek the Republican Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 Presidential election. He launched his bid with a video and sixteen page open letter in which he laid out six primary issues. He withdrew from the race on November 5, 2015.

References

2016 United States presidential candidates
1954 births
Living people
Yale University alumni
New York University alumni
Commissioners of Internal Revenue
Politicians from New York City
Republican Party (United States) politicians
A death hoax is a false report of someone's death.

In some cases, it might be because the person has faked their own death on purpose. In some cases they are mistakes while in most cases, they are intentional. Hoaxes are designed to play on other people's emotions. Sometimes, a death hoax is designed to be a practical joke; however, most are to give the person starting the rumor a sense of power over their victims.

There are often consequences when the person who started the hoax is discovered. The news media has to be especially careful of hoaxes, including death hoaxes. While some people will believe anything, most people resent being tricked. However, it depends on how the story is handled: For example, a death hoax ran in Canadian papers about a hard-drinking, hard-swearing Carcross Parrot who had just died; most forgave the writers since the story was published on April Fools' Day.
Mark Twain is one of the most famous people to be the subject of a death hoax. In his case, the newspapers were just careless. This is when he uttered his famous quote, "The report of my death was an exaggeration." It has often been misquoted as "reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated".

References

Death
Hoaxes
According to Martin Luther (the reformer), "I shall never be a heretic; I may err in dispute, but I do not wish to decide anything finally; on the other hand, I am not bound by the opinions of men."  This means that if truth is not absolute it is not truth at all. Interestingly enough, Aristotle states that, “The high-minded man must care more for the truth than for what people think.”  According to him, if we consider ourselves to be wise individuals, our concern should be to find the truth not to submit to opinions.
"In two national surveys conducted by Barna Research, one among adults and one among teenagers, people were asked if they believe that there are moral absolutes that are unchanging or that moral truth is relative to the circumstances. By a 3-to-1 margin (64% vs. 22%) adults said truth is always relative to the person and their situation. The perspective was even more lopsided among teenagers, 83% of whom said moral truth depends on the circumstances, and only 6% of whom said moral truth is absolute."     

Absolute truths are different to empirical truths. All the findings of science are empirical: based on evidence, and even if they are true in this world they don't need to be so in all the other possible worlds; they might also be wrong or incomplete due to lack of sufficient evidence. On the other hand, absolute truths might be based on logical truths, wich are true by definition of their axioms.

References 

Logic
Philosophy
Deb Fischer (born March 1, 1951 in Lincoln, Nebraska) is the United States Senator from Nebraska. She is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2013. Fischer is the senior senator from Nebraska. She was in the Nebraska Legislature from 2005 to 2013.

Fischer graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln with a Bachelor of Science degree. She is married to Bruce Fischer. They have three children.

References

Other websites
 Deb Fischer, U.S. Senator for Nebraska, Home Page

1951 births
Living people
People from Lincoln, Nebraska
United States senators from Nebraska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
Steve Koven is a Canadian Jazz pianist and member of the Steve Koven Trio. Steve Koven is a composer, performer and educator. In 1993 Steve started the Steve Koven Trio. He performs worldwide with his trio. Koven also performs solo piano concerts throughout North America, Europe and the Caribbean. After nine albums with his trio, Koven has gone solo. 

Dozens of Koven’s compositions have been licensed for national and international film and television productions. As an educator, Koven has been teaching in the Faculty of Music at York University since 2003. He teaches Contemporary Improvisation and Jazz Piano. Koven also teaches Music at Toronto's Centennial College. He holds a Masters in Music Composition. Koven has presented master classes and clinics in China, Japan, Colombia, Barbados, Bahamas and Mexico.

Steve lives in Toronto with his wife Lee-Anne.

References 

Canadian composers
Canadian entertainers
Teachers
First Peoples is a 2015 television documentary about the first people on the continents of the Earth.  The five-part PBS series covers each continent or group of continents one at a time. The focus is on very recent work in paleogenomics (the study of genomes from very long ago).  It was produced by Wall to Wall Television. The series challenges the East African origin theory of modern man showing there were other origins in other parts of Africa.

A two-disk DVD of the documentary was made in 2015.

References

Other websites 
 home page
 PBS First Peoples trailer, YouTube

Reviews 
 arstechnia/Condé Nast
 Forbes

Documentary television series
Humans
Genetics
Oestradiol, E2, is an oestrogen, a steroidal hormone secreted by the ovaries. It is a main female hormone. Oestradiol regulates  female characteristics, the maturation of female sex organs and the  oestrus and menstrual cycle. It stimulates the production of mammary glands.

The serum concentrations of oestradiol and other female hormones change during the menstrual cycle. During gestation there is a high serum concentrations of oestradiol, E3. During menopause, oestrone has the higher concentration.

Oestradiol and oestrone can interchange. Oestradiol has a big effect on bone formation. Women past menopause have an accelerated loss of bone because they have less oestrogen.

Oestradiol also has some functions in males. Its serum concentration in men is < 35 pg/mL, level equivalent to that seen in post-menopausal women.

References 

Steroid hormones
Chicken soup is a soup made with chicken. The chicken is simmered in water. Classic chicken soups are made of clear broth. There are usually pieces of chicken and vegetables. There can also be grains, pasta or dumplings.

Chicken soup is thought to be a remedy for colds and influenza. In many countries, it is considered a comfort food.

Soups
Chicken as food
Archer is an American adult animated black comedy, action adventure television series. It is about a secret agent whose boss is his mother.

The series airs on FX. A preview for the series aired on September 17, 2009. The first season started on January 14, 2010. Aisha Tyler plays Lana. Jessica Walter plays Malory Archer.

This television series has a rating of TV-MA, usually for foul language and violence. Sometimes there is also nudity.

References

2009 American television series debuts
2000s American sitcoms
2010s American sitcoms
Black comedy television series
English-language television programs
Ghulam Sughra is a human rights activist in Pakistan. She is the head of the "Marvi Rural Development Organization" (MRDO). In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Life 

Sughra was born in Sindh Province in Pakistan.  She was married at the age of 12. Six years later, she was the first woman in her village to divorce.  When she tried to go to school, her brothers beat her. So she studied at home. Sughra became the first girl in her village to finish secondary school. Later she was the first teacher in the first school for girls.

Work 

Ghulam Sughra started the Marvi Rural Development Organization (MRDO) in her village.  The MRDO works for education, health, and human rights. It also loans money for women to start small businesses.

Awards 
 International Women of Courage Award

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
Pakistani human rights activists
1970 births
Vanda is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae).

It is one of the most important orchids, with about fifty species. The genus is very  highly prized in horticulture for its showy, fragrant, long lasting, and intensely colorful flowers.

Vanda is widespread across East Asia, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea, with a few species extending into Queensland and some of the islands of the western Pacific. The genus is sometimes abbreviated as V. in the flower trade.
It belongs to angiosperm.

References 

 Grove, D. L. 1995. Vandas and Ascocendas. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 241 pp.
 Motes, Martin R., and Alan L. Hoffman. 1997 Vandas, Their botany, history and culture.

Other websites 
 
 
 Breeding in Vanda  Breeding in Vanda

Orchids
An adipocyte, also called a fat cell, is a cell in loose connective tissue, which is specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. This tissue is called adipose tissue.

Hormones
Cell biology
Bridgewater is a town in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The LaHave River runs through the town. Bridgewater is the largest town in the South Shore region.  A lot of the South Shore's economy is based on tourism. Bridgewater is also a commercial and industrial center. One of the main employers is a Michelin tire plant. The town was named after the bridge built over the LaHave River.

The first house in Bridgewater was built in 1812 by Ralph Hotchkiss. The town was incorporated in 1899. This was shortly after a fire in Bridgewater which burned the entire downtown area. For much of the 20th century, the town's economy depended on forestry. There was a large wood mill in the center of town. The Nova Scotia Central Railway and later the Halifax and Southwestern Railway had a central hub at Bridgewater.  The "Acadia Marine Engine Company" was based in Bridgewater. It made engines for fishing boats.

References

Other websites

Towns in Nova Scotia
1899 establishments
1890s establishments in Canada
Erik Thomas von Detten (born October 3, 1982) is an American actor and voice actor.

He is known for his roles as Danny in the television movie, Escape to Witch Mountain, the voice of the toy-destroyer Sid Phillips in Toy Story, Andy Brinker in the Disney Channel original movie Brink!, Josh Bryant in The Princess Diaries, Chris Savage in the television series, Complete Savages, and Clu Bell in the television series, So Weird.

Filmography