Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
South Tyrol, also known by its Italian name Alto Adige (, , Southern Bavarian: Sidtiroul), is an autonomous province in northern Italy. Together with the province of Trento, it makes up the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province has an area of . About 511,750 people live there (2011). The capital of the province is the city of Bolzano. The borders are Graubünden and Lombardia in the west, Tyrol and Salzburg in the north, Trentino and Veneto in the south.
Although it is part of Italy, most of the population speaks German. Around a quarter of the population speak Italian, most of whom live in the two largest cities (Bolzano and Merano). Italian and German are both official languages. In parts of the province, a third language, Ladin, is spoken and official as well. South Tyrol is the most common name for the province in ancient English. German and Ladin speakers usually refer to the area as Südtirol. The official name is the Province of Bolzano (in ; in ; in Ladin: Provinzia autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol).

South Tyrol/Alto Adige is an autonomous province. It has its own legislature that makes many laws that are separate from those made by the Italian government. Luis Durnwalder has been the head of government since 1989. He belongs to the South Tyrolean People's Party, which has been governing since 1948.

Name

The name Alto Adige comes from the river Adige. "Alto" means upper, because the upper part of the river flows through the province.
The name was first created by the Napoleonic French to distinguish the Trentino area. It had then been reused by the Fascist regime from the 1920ies onwards.

History

The region was originally populated by Raetian population who was then latinized in the time of the Roman Empire. A profound Germanisation process took place after the invasion by Franks and Bavarians, from the 6th century onwards. Only a small part of the Dolomite's area is still inhabited by Ladin population. The region was part of the Crown Land of Tyrol and belonged to the multi-ethnic Habsburg empire of Austria-Hungary.
After the First World War, despite the fact that its inhabitants were almost entirely German-speaking, South Tyrol was assigned, against its will, to the Kingdom of Italy by the Treaty of Saint-Germain. The name was officially changed to Alto Adige. This happened on the basis of the wishes of the Italian irredentists, who considered the Alto Adige as a geographical territory of Italy. When Benito Mussolini's Fascist party came to power in 1922, a period of oppression and marginalisation of the German- and Ladin-speaking minorities began. German was replaced by Italian in the public sphere, the German language was banned from public life and schools. The fascist government favoured instead the industrialisation of the province to attract Italian immigrants and to further carry out its Italianisation politics.
In 1939/40, the German and the Italian dictator, Mussolini and Hitler, came to terms and planned the resettlement of the non-Italian minorities into the Third Reich. In 1943, the German Wehrmacht occupied the region and established a regime of terror.

After World War II, on May 8, 1945, the "Südtiroler Volkspartei" was founded. It soon became the ruling political party in South Tyrol, gaining an absolute or relative majority since 1947. 

In the 2011 census, about 63% of the population belong to the German-speaking group, about 23% to the Italian-speaking group, and about 4% to the Ladin-speaking group (another 10% are immigrants from outside Italy).

References

Other websites

Official website
Tourist information about South Tyrol

Autonomous areas
The Flag of Thailand has five stripes red, white, and blue. Red-white-blue stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand. The flag was made official on 28 September 1917 by a royal decree. The Thai name for the flag is ธงไตรรงค์ ("Thong Trairong"), which means "tricolour flag".

References 

Thailand

National symbols of Thailand
Aappalaartoq (the red), Denmark
Aappalaartoq (the red), Greenland
Alsancak (Holy Red Standard), Turkey
Albayrak (Red Flag), Turkey
Ay Yıldız (Crescent Star), Turkey
Bandeira Auriverde (gold and green flag), Brazil
Bandeira das Quinas (flag of the quinas, the five blue shields of the Portuguese arms), Portugal
Blue Sky with a White Sun, canton of the flag of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Bonnie Blue Flag, official flag of the now-defunct Republic of West Florida, also used in some places as an unofficial banner of the Confederate States of America.
Bundesflagge, (Federal Flag), Germany, official designation
Dannebrog, Denmark
Y Ddraig Goch (the red dragon), Wales
Erfalasorput (our flag), Greenland
La Estrella Solitaria (the lonely star), Chile
La Estrella Solitaria (the lonely star), Cuba
Eureka Flag
Five-Starred Red Flag, People's Republic of China
Gwenn-ha-du (white and black), Brittany
Hinomaru (sun disc), Japan
Galanolefki, (light blue and white), Greece
Golden Arrowhead, Guyana
Hvítbláinn, a former unofficial flag, Iceland
Ikurriña, Basque Country, Spain and more generally the Basque people
Jalur Gemilang (glorious stripes), Malaysia
Jolly Roger, pirate flag
Maple Leaf, Canada
Fleurdelisé, Québec
Merkið, Faroe Islands
Nisshōki (sun flag), Japan
Old Glory, United States
Parcham-e-Sitāra-o-Hilāl, Pakistan
Rainbow flag
Šahovnica 
Saint George's Cross, England
Saint Piran's Flag, Cornwall, England
Saltire, Scotland
Sang Merah Putih (the red white), Indonesia
Senyera, Aragon and Barcelona, Spain
Schwarz-Rot-Gold, (black-red-gold), Germany, colloquial
Shqiponja Dykrenare (the two-headed eagle), Albania
Sinimustvalge (blue-black-white), Estonia (unofficial)
Siniristilippu, Finland
Shir-o-Khorshid (the lion and the sun), former flag of Iran
Southern Cross can refer to the blue saltire as used in various flags of the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War
Stars and Bars, Confederate States of America
Stars and Stripes, United States
Star-Spangled Banner, United States
Taegeukgi, South Korea
Tjúgufáni, state flag of Iceland
Tiranga, India
Tricolore (tricolour), a term for several national flags
Union Flag, flag of the United Kingdom
Union Jack, flag of the United Kingdom
Union Jack, state jack and former naval jack of the United States
Flag of South Africa The Rainbow Flag, Unity Flag, or Interim Flag (all unofficial)
Звездата од Кутлеш - Вергина (Sun of Kutlesh - Vergina), former state flag of Republic of Macedonia and national flag of Macedonian Slavs
Wiphala, flag of Andean peoples in Bolivia and Peru
"Just Stand Up!" is a song featuring the vocals of an all-star group of pop and R&B performers, including this is the order in which they are listed on the cover Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Mary J. Blige, Rihanna, Fergie, Sheryl Crow, Melissa Etheridge, Natasha Bedingfield, Miley Cyrus, Leona Lewis, Carrie Underwood, Keyshia Cole, LeAnn Rimes, Ashanti and Ciara. The song was made to make money for a charity called Stand Up to Cancer.

Charts

Beyoncé songs
Mariah Carey songs
Rihanna songs
Sheryl Crow songs
Miley Cyrus songs
Melissa Etheridge songs
LeAnn Rimes songs
Natasha Bedingfield songs
Mary J. Blige songs
Carrie Underwood songs
Leona Lewis songs
2008 songs
Fergie (singer) songs
Sam Houston State University is a university in Huntsville, Texas. It was named after Sam Houston, the founder of Houston, Texas.

Colleges and universities in Texas
Conference USA
Jeffery Michael Gordon  (born August 4, 1971) is a retired professional American race car driver in NASCAR. He is a four-time Nascar Cup Series champion, and a three-time Daytona 500 winner. When he drove in NASCAR, he was the driver of the #24 Chevrolet SS for Hendrick Motorsports. His main sponsor was AARP Drive to End Hunger, though his earlier sponsor was DuPont. He has 93 career wins, the third most of all NASCAR drivers. He and Hendrick Motorsports owner Rick Hendrick are the owners of Jimmie Johnson's #48 Lowe's Chevrolet, who has won five championships in a row from 2006 to 2010. Gordon has appeared in various popular media, including a self-titled video game, Jeff Gordon XS Racing. He also appeared on the covers of NASCAR 98, NASCAR Thunder 2002, NASCAR 09, and NASCAR 06: Total Team Control with Jimmie Johnson. Gordon also was in Gran Turismo 5 to help players in NASCAR driving. In 2015, Gordon decided he was going to retire from driving in NASCAR
. Since 2016, Gordon has worked for Fox Sports to help broadcast NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races. He currently works in the TV broadcast booth with Mike Joy and Clint Bowyer.
References

Other websites
 Official website
 NASCAR bio 

1971 births
Living people
American Christians
Daytona 500 winners
Sportspeople from California
American racecar drivers
Vallejo, California
NASCAR drivers
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), also called Indian grass, is a North American prairie grass, and is the official state grass of both Oklahoma and South Carolina.

References

Poaceae
symbols of Oklahoma
Port Silt Loam is the state soil of Oklahoma.  This type of soil is reddish in color due to the weathering of reddish sandstones, siltstones, and shales of the Permian geologic era.

Symbols of Oklahoma
Soil
The common collared lizard or Oklahoma lizard, Crotaphytus collaris, is a North American lizard that can reach a foot (30 cm) long in length (including the tail), with a large head and powerful jaws. It is the state lizard of Oklahoma.

Iguania
symbols of Oklahoma
Reptiles of North America
The Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) is a species of butterfly. It is also called the American Swallowtail or Parsnip Swallowtail. It is found throughout much of North America.

Description
Description

The Black Swallowtail has a wingspan of 6.7 to 10 cm (2.7 to 4 in). The upper side of the male's wings is black. There are two rows of yellow spots along the edges of both wings. There is a small area of blue on the bottom wing between the two rows of yellow spots.On the bottom edge of the bottom wing, there is a red spot with a small black dot in the center. The upper side of the female's wings is black. There are two rows of light yellow spots along the edges of both wings. These spots are smaller than the male's. There is a large area of blue on the bottom wing between these two rows. The female also has the same red and black spot on the bottom wing as the male. The female mimics the Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor). The underside of the wings is the same in both sexes. The top wing is black with two rows of yellow-orange spots. The bottom wing has two rows of orange spots with a blue area between them.
Taxonomy
The Ozark Swallowtail (Papilio joanae) and the Black Swallowtail were once thought to be the same species. Felix Sperling did an analysis of the Ozark Swallowtail's DNA. He suggested that even though the Ozark Swallowtail looks exactly like the Black Swallowtail, it is actually more closely related to the Old World Swallowtail (Papilio machaon).

In North Dakota and southern Manitoba, the Black Swallowtail is thought to breed with the Old World Swallowtail. These hybrids are called Kahli Swallowtails. Kahli Swallowtails are either thought to be a separate species or a subspecies of the Black Swallowtail.

The Desert Black Swallowtail (P. p. coloro) is a subspecies of the Black Swallowtail. It is found in southeastern California, southern Nevada, and western Arizona. It is similar to the male Black Swallowtail, but it has more yellow and the sexes look the same.

Similar species

There are many similar species in the Black Swallowtails range.
The Pipevine Swallowtail is similar to the female Black Swallowtail. On the upper side of its wings it does not have any yellow spots. The bottom wing is a shiny, dark blue. It has one row of whitish spots in the middle of the bottom wing. The underside of the bottom wing has only one row of orange spots.

The Spicebush Swallowtail (Papilio troilus) is similar to the female Black Swallowtail. It is usually larger. The upper side of its wings is black with one row of light greenish-blue spots along the edges of both wings.

The Ozark Swallowtail looks exactly like the Black Swallowtail. It can only be separated by habitat and host plant choices (the host plant is the plant that the caterpillar feeds on). It is found in woodlands. The host plants are Meadow Parsnip (Thaspium barbinode) and Yellow Pimpernal (Taenidia intregerrima).
The Old World Swallowtail has many different forms. The form brucei is very similar to both sexes of the Black Swallowtail. Form brucei is usually smaller. The black dot in the red spot on the bottom wing is not centered.

Range and distribution
The Black Swallowtail ranges from southern Canada south to Florida and Costa Rica west to the Rocky Mountains and eastern Arizona south to Mexico and Peru.

Habitat
The Black Swallowtail likes open habitats. It is found from sea level to high mountains. It is found in fields, meadows, deserts, marshes, near lakes and streams, farms, lawns, near cities, near roads, and gardens. It is rarely (unusually) found in forests or woodlands.
Humans have greatly helped the Black Swallowtail. They brought non-native carrot species from Europe to North America. The Black Swallowtail uses these plants as host plants. Before humans cut down forests, Black Swallowtail were rare. They were only found in small prairies, wetlands, and openings in forests. However, in the northeast, people are not farming as much as they used to. This is making the Black Swallowtail become less common in this part of its range.

Flight period
The Black Swallowtail is seen from May to June in Canada. It is seen from June to August in the Colorado Mountains. In the eastern part of its range, it is seen from April to October and from February to October in Florida. In Arizona, it is seen from February to November. It has one brood (one group of offspring) in Canada and the Colorado Mountains. It has 2 to 3 broods in the rest of its range.
Behavior
The Black Swallowtail flies very fast. Its flight is much quicker than other swallowtails. The Black Swallowtail flies closer to the ground than other swallowtails do. In cold weather, they will hold their abdomens above their wings. This keeps them warm. Usually, Black Swallowtails live about 10 to 12 days. Some however, can live up to 35 to 40 days.

Adult food sources
Here is a list of food sources for the Black Swallowtail:

 Asclepias incarnata – Swamp Milkweed
 Asclepias syriaca – Common Milkweed
 Asclepias tuberosa – Butterfly Weed
 Barbarea vulgaris – Winter Cress
 Cirsium discolor – Thistle
 Dipsacus sylvestris – Teasel
 Echinacea purpurea – Purple Coneflower
 Medicago sativa – Alfalfa
 Syringa sp. – lilac
 Trifolium pratense – Red Clover
 Vernonia sp. – ironweed
 Zinnia sp. – zinnia

Males will also come to damp soil and mud to feed on minerals and moisture. This is called puddling.

Life cycle
The Black Swallowtail goes through complete metamorphosis.
Mating
The male forms a territory. The territory is usually on the top of a hill. The male will sit on high branches or other vegetation on the hill. He will defend his territory from other male Black Swallowtails. If other males come too close, he will chase them away. The female will fly to the top of the hill to look for a mate. A successful courtship lasts for about 40 seconds. An unsuccessful one lasts for about 100 seconds. Mating lasts for about 45 minutes. Females that do not want to mate will try to escape from males by flying high in the air and then quickly flying downward.

Egg
Female Black Swallowtails fly close to the ground to look for host plants. Females lay one egg per host plant. The eggs are laid on the leaves and flowers. The egg is yellow. It later forms a red ring around the center. It will also form a red top. It will turn dark gray just before hatching. It takes about 10 days to hatch. In a lab test, females laid a total of about 200 to 430 eggs. They laid about 35 to 50 each day.
Caterpillar
The caterpillar will eat the leaves and flowers of the host plant. It makes no nests. The young caterpillar is black. It has a white spot in the middle of its body. This spot is called a saddle. It mimics a bird dropping. The older caterpillar is green. It has black bands with orange spots in each of the bands. The caterpillar has a special organ called an osmeterium. It is an orange, bad-smelling organ. It is shaped like a snake's tongue. It is kept behind the inside of the head. The caterpillar releases it to scare predators away. The caterpillar will reach a length of 5 cm (2 in). The Ozark Swallowtail caterpillar is similar to the Black Swallowtail caterpillar. It is usually greener, and the black bands are usually thinner.

Chrysalis
The chrysalis hangs upright. There is a silk thread around the upper part of the chrysalis. This thread is called a girdle. The chrysalis is either brown or green. The Black Swallowtail will hibernate as a chrysalis.
Host plants
Here is a list of host plants that the Black Swallowtail caterpillar feeds on:

 Anethum graveolens – Dill
 Apium graveolens – Celery
 Berula erecta – Water Parsnip
 Cyclospermum leptophyllum – Slender Celery
 Daucus carota – Queen Anne's Lace
 Daucus pusillus – American Wild Carrot
 Foeniculum vulgare – Anise (also called Fennel)
 Pastinaca sativa – Parsnip
 Petroselinum crispum – Parsley
 Thamnosma montana – Turpentine Broom (used by the Desert Black Swallowtail only)

References

Papilionidae
Oklahoma is the title song from and the finale to the Broadway musical Oklahoma! It is also the state song of Oklahoma.

1940s songs
symbols of Oklahoma
United States state songs
Queens of the Stone Age are a rock band from California, USA. They formed in 1997. The band has released five studio albums, three extended plays (EP), fifteen singles and one live/video album. Between 2003 and 2008, they were nominated for the Grammy Award four times.

Studio albums 

 Queens of the Stone Age (1998)
 Rated R (2000)
 Songs for the Deaf (2002)
 Lullabies to Paralyze (2005)
 Era Vulgaris (2007)
 ...Like Clockwork (2013)
 Villains (2017)
 In Times New Roman... (2023)

American rock bands
American hard rock bands
Musical groups from California
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection (also known as WFC), was a service for the Wii and Nintendo DS. It was used on games that let a person play with people around the world.

 On January 26, 2012, it was announced by Nintendo during an investors' meeting that it would be rebranded to Nintendo Network.
 On June 27, 2013, WiiConnect24 was discontinued.

 On May 20th, 2014, Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection was discontinued.

Before Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection shut down, 6 other apps were discontinued. The Forecast Channel, News Channel, Everybody Votes Channel, Nintendo Channel, and the Check Mii Out Channel closed on June 27, 2013. Wii no Ma closed on April 30, 2012. Then, the Kirby TV Channel closed in October 2012.

Features 
The Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection was announced to be "easy to connect to, safe for everyone to use, and free". Features included worldwide matches, leaderboards, and tournaments. More features were available between people who friended each other with Friend Codes.
Wii Shop Channel 
The Wii Shop Channel allowed people to download / buy games or software with Wii Points. You could buy Wii Points by Nintendo Point Cards or by Mastercard or Visa cards online. People could browse the Virtual Console, WiiWare, or Wii Channel sections. Buying Wii Points was disabled on March 26th, 2018. Buying new games or software in the channel shut down on January 30th, 2019. However, people could still install previously bought games, Wii System Transfer Tool, and The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword Save Data Update Channel. Nintendo announced a way to buy DLC, called Pay & Play. Games in Japan had Pay & Play support as WiiWare titles such as Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King, Kotoba no Puzzle Mojipittan Wii, and LONPOS.

Since March 16th, the Wii Shop Channel and the DS(i) Shop have been down for several days. The channels are in maintenance.
DSi Shop 
The DSi Shop allowed people to download apps and DSiware, like its Wii and DS equivalent. It shut down on March 31, 2017. Since March 31, the only thing available for download on the DSi Shop is the Nintendo 3DS Transfer Tool. Lots of software is also in this shop, such as Flipnote Hatena. Flipnote Hatena has since been discontinued.

Check Mii Out Channel 
The Check Mii Out Channel is a channel that allows people to share their Mii. It was first available on November 11, 2007. People can post their own Miis in the Posting Plaza, or import Mii's into their own Mii Parade.
In the contests, people can send their own Miis to compete in contests to fit a description (for example: Mario without his hat). After the time for submitting a Mii has ran out, the user can vote for three Miis featured on the panel, with ten random Miis being shown at a time. Once the judging is over, the results of the contest can be viewed. Their selection and/or submission's popularity in comparison to others is displayed, as well as the winning Mii and user.

The Check Mii Out Channel sends messages to the Wii Message Board about recent contests. People in some contests can add their user and submitted Mii to a photo with a background related to the contest theme. This picture can then be sent to the Wii Message Board. The Check Mii Out Channel was shut down on June 28, 2013.
Nintendo Channel 
The Nintendo Channel (also known as the Everybody's Nintendo Channel in Japan), is a Wii channel for the Wii. It was launched in Japan on November 27, 2007, North America on May 7, 2008, Europe and Australia on May 30, 2008, and was shut down on June 28, 2013. It allowed people who had the Wii to watch videos such as interviews, trailers, commercials, and to download game demos for the Nintendo DS. The channel gave information on games and people could rate games that they played. There was a search feature that people used to find games or software easier. The channel could take the user directly into the Wii Shop Channel to buy the game. The Nintendo Channel was updated with different DS demos and new videos every week, but the actual day of the week varied across different international regions.
An updated version of the Nintendo Channel was released in Japan on July 15, 2009, North America on September 14, 2009, and Europe on December 15, 2009. The update introduces a new interface and additional features, options, and statistics for users to view. The European version is missing some of these new additional features, such as options for choosing video quality. In addition, a weekly show known as Nintendo Week began airing exclusively on the North American edition of the channel, while another weekly show called Nintendo TV, is available on the UK version of the channel.

Mario Kart Channel 

Mario Kart Wii allows people to install the Mario Kart Channel. It allows people to check records and view tournaments. The channel works without the game disc inserted, but to compete in races and time trials, the game disc must be inserted.

Tournaments existed in the channel and made people who participated to finish objectives as fast as possible. People could compare their own times to other people.
Demae Channel 
This channel allowed people to order food through Demae-Can. People could only get this channel in Japan. However, people have learned to sideload the channel by modding. When a person order something, a receipt gets sent to their Wii Message Board. People could use roulette mode in case someone couldn't find what they wanted to eat. The channel was released on May 26, 2009, and was discontinued on March 31, 2017.

Wii Room 
A video channel was released in Japan on May 1, 2009, it was planned to be released in North America. The channel is built around a living room, where 8 Miis can interact with each other. The living room has a TV which shows the person various things.

Netflix 
The Nintendo Wii had Netflix starting on March 27, 2010. It was only for American and Canadian owners, but a Netflix disc was required to use the software. As of October 18, 2010, American and Canadian Wii owners could download Netflix as a channel without requiring a disc.
Netflix has been discontinued for the Wii on January 30, 2019.

Internet Browser 
The Nintendo Wii, DS and DSi can use the Internet with a downloadable web browser. The Nintendo Wii, DSi, and DS browsers runs on Opera. The Nintendo DS's web browser requires a DS card and a RAM expansion through the Game Boy Advance port.

Forecast Channel 
The Forecast Channel first became available on December 19, 2006, and was shut down on June 28, 2013, due to the discontinuation of WiiConnect24 which it required. People were allowed to use the channel to see the current forecast, the UV index, today's overall weather, tomorrow's forecast, a 5-day forecast (only for the country you live in), and a laundry check (Japan only). Certain games like Madden NFL 07, Nights: Journey of Dreams, and Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games could use the Forecast Channel to put custom weather conditions in-game.
News Channel 
The News Channel allows people to access news headlines and current events from the Internet. News articles are available on a globe view similar to the Forecast Channel, and on the sidebar. The News Channel became available in North America, Europe, and Australia on January 26, 2007.

With the August 6, 2007 update, the News Channel shows an alert in the Wii Menu. However, not using the channel for some time will result in the alert not appearing, until the channel is opened. A December 20, 2007 update only released in PAL regions increased the number of news feeds to the channel, sourced from a larger number of news resources and agencies, providing more news that is available per country. As with the Forecast Channel, the News Channel is not available in South Korea. The News Channel was shut down on June 28, 2013, along with the Forecast Channel, due to both channels requiring the discontinued WiiConnect24 service.
Wii Message Board 
The Message Board's online features are discontinued, along with the shutdown with WiiConnect24. People could leave messages, or other people on a calendar message board. Announcements of updates and video game news were posted by Nintendo. The Wii Message Board could be updated real-time by a game like Animal Crossing: City Folk.

Wii Speak 
People that bought the Wii Speak microphone were able to use the Wii Speak Channel. They could access one of four rooms (with no limit in these rooms). Every person's avatar was their Mii, which lip syncs their words. People were also able to send voice messages to other people via the Wii Message Board. The Wii Speak Channel was first released on December 5, 2008 in both North America and Europe. Animal Crossing: City Folk was one of the few games that used the peripheral.
Games 
The first Wi-Fi games were Mario Kart DS and Tony Hawk's American Sk8land for the Nintendo DS. Mario Kart DS released on November 14, 2005, and Tony Hawk's American Sk8land released on November 16, 2005. Some notable games that used the service include Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, Pokémon Black and White and Pokémon Black 2 and White 2, Animal Crossing: Wild World, and Animal Crossing: City Folk.

Connection options

Nintendo DS 
The Nintendo DS has a wireless adapter built in allowing the DS to access the internet by a wireless network. The DS only supports WEP.

Wii 
The Wii has a wireless adapter built in. The Wii supports security protocols WEP, WPA, and WPA2. The Wii can also be connected by a ethernet cable (with an adapter).

Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector 

If there isn't a compatible Wi-Fi network, the DS and Wii can connect through the Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector. People were able to buy it from the Nintendo Online Store. The product has been discontinued since.
Hotspots 
Nintendo made deals with hotspot providers to allow free access for Nintendo DS users. In 2005, Nintendo made an agreement with Wayport, Inc. to provide access in McDonald's restaurants across the U.S. In Canada, Nintendo had partnered with FatPort to create free hotspots.

Shutdown 
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection was discontinued on May 20, 2014. The shutdown is caused by Gamespy's closing. The Wii Shop Channel has been discontinued as of January 31st 2019, 6:00 PM UK time. People can continue to download the Wii U Transfer Tool and to download The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword Save Data Update Channel to update the game due to a glitch.

Community restorations 

Wiimmfi, is a replacement service for Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection had opened 10 days before the shutdown. They first only supported Mario Kart Wii, but now support over 500 games.

RiiConnect24 restores WiiConnect24 functionality.

References

Other websites 
 Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection Official Site 

Nintendo
Wii
The Fratellis are a Scottish indie rock band from Glasgow. They have released a #2 album on the United Kingdom album chart, one top ten album as well as three top 10 singles. They have also made a live DVD called Edgy In Brixton.

References 

2005 establishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from Glasgow
British punk bands
Scottish rock bands
2000s establishments in Scotland
"Minority" was the first single from Green Day's album, Warning. It was at #1 on the Modern Rock chart in late 2000.

Track listing
"Minority" (Radio Version)
"Brat" (Live From Tokyo)
"86" (Live From Prague)

AU Single:
"Minority" (Album Version) - 2:49
"Brat" (Live from Tokyo) - 1:42
"86" (Live from Prague) - 2:59
"Jackass" (Album Version) - 2:47

7":
Side A.
"Minority"
"Brat" (Live Version)

Side B.
"Jackass"
"86" (Live Version)

2000 songs
Green Day songs
"Warning" is a single from Green Day's 2000 album Warning. It is the title track of the album.

Track listing 
CD 1:
Warning (Album Version)
Scumbag
Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely (Hüsker Dü cover)

CD 2:
Warning (Album Version)
Outsider (Ramones cover)
Suffocate

Warning / Minority AU Single:
Warning
Minority
Scumbag
Outsider (Ramones cover)

7" Adeline:
Side A.
Warning

Side B.
Scumbag
Outsider (Ramones cover)

7" Reprise:
Side A.
Warning

Side B.
Suffocate

References

Green Day songs
2000 songs
This article discusses the Green Day song. For the phrase itself, see Nice guys finish last.

"Nice Guys Finish Last" was a single released by the American punk band Green Day's fifth album Nimrod''.

Track listing

AU Single:
Nice Guys Finish Last
Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
The Grouch (Live)
She (Live)

Chart Positions

1999 songs
Green Day songs
"Hitchin' a Ride" was the first single that American punk band Green Day released from their album Nimrod in 1997.

Track listing
Hitchin' a Ride
Sick (Non-LP Track)
Espionage (Non-LP Track From Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me original motion picture soundtrack)

Chart Positions

References 

1997 songs
Green Day songs
Proteus (; Ancient Greek: Πρωτεύς, Prōteus) is a sea-god or god of rivers and oceans In Greek mythology. It is one of several gods which Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea" (halios gerôn). 

Proteus can change form, and only answers those who can capture him. From this comes the adjective protean, meaning "versatile", "changeable", or "capable of assuming many forms". "Protean" suggests flexibility, versatility and adaptability.

References 

Greek gods and goddesses
Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) was an American folk rock supergroup made up of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash. They are known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY) when joined by occasional fourth member Neil Young, who is from Canada.

Their songs include "Marrakesh Express", "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes", "Teach Your Children", "Ohio" (a protest song, against the Kent State shootings in early 1970), and "Just A Song Before I Go".
Coming together 
In the 1960s, Stephen Stills and Neil Young were members of another band, called Buffalo Springfield. Crosby was a founding member of The Byrds, and British-born Graham Nash was a member of The Hollies. Crosby was fired from the Byrds late in 1967, and the Buffalo Springfield disbanded the next year. Nash went to California, where the others lived and worked, when the Hollies visited there in 1968. Nash and Crosby had met earlier in England, and got back in touch in California. Crosby and Stills had worked together on two songs, called "Wooden Ships" and "You Don't Have To Cry". Performing "You Don't Have To Cry" for Nash, he joined in on harmonies, and the three noticed they had a special sound together. Nash moved to California, and the three formed a band. They signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records.
Stills and Crosby were free to work together, and record for Atlantic, but Nash still belonged to the Hollies, who had a contract with Epic Records. A trade was worked out, between Atlantic and Epic. In exchange for losing Nash, Epic Records got to sign up another Atlantic band, Poco, formed by Richie Furay from the Buffalo Springfield.

CSN's first album was released in the spring of 1969, and quickly became a hit. The cover showed Crosby, Stills and Nash sitting on a couch outside an abandoned house. (They did not sit in their name order; they had not yet named the group. When they decided on their name, they wanted to take another picture sitting in order, but the house had already been torn down.) Stephen Stills had played most of the instruments on the album, with Dallas Taylor playing drums. This worked fine for recordings, but not for live appearances. More musicians were needed. A keyboardist and bass guitarist were hired.
Atlantic Records president Ahmet Ertegün suggested Neil Young, who now had his own band called Crazy Horse, as another guitarist for the group. Stills wasn't sure if Young would work out, but gave him a chance. He fit in so well that CSN made him a full-time member, and added his name to theirs. Young was able to both play with CSN, and keep his own place with Crazy Horse. Their second show as a quartet was at the Woodstock Festival, in August 1969. They toured for the next several months, and released a second album, Déjà Vu, early the next year. They made another performing tour, to support the album, which was also a huge hit.
Coming apart 
The group was very successful, but its members had many different ideas, and could not always work well together. Tension grew between them, and they nearly disbanded. Young left to return to Crazy Horse, and tour with them on his own. Each of the four recorded a solo album during 1971, though, and each album became a hit. Nash and Crosby toured together, and Stills formed another band, called Manassas, with Chris Hillman of the Byrds. Another round of solo and duo albums was released during 1972, with Young's Harvest and its single "Heart Of Gold" becoming the biggest hits. Albums by the other members were not as successful, though they still sold well. Crosby and Nash got along very well, and worked together as a duo, while Stills joined Young and Crazy Horse to record Young's "War Song". Crosby also rejoined the Byrds, but the album they recorded together, Byrds, was not a hit.
The four tried to reunite in Hawaii during 1973 to make a new album, Human Highway, but things did not work out. Finally the next year, they reformed and started another tour, with a compilation album, So Far, issued to give them something new to promote. Their shows ran longer than three hours, and there was sometimes trouble. Stills was abusing cocaine, and it made him hard to get along with. The same old tensions also came back. A new CSN&Y project was dashed when Stills and Young erased Crosby and Nash's vocals from the master tapes. Crosby and Nash went off on their own. Stills and Young formed The Stills/Young Band, and released an album, but even that did not work out.
Stills and Young toured together during 1975 and 1976. In July 1976, Young left suddenly between shows, sending Stills a telegram that expressed his unhappiness, and told Stills to "Eat a peach." Stills and Young each had to complete tour dates separately. Meanwhile, Nash and Crosby kept recording and performing together. They also sang background vocals for other artists, including James Taylor ("Mexico") and Joni Mitchell ("Free Man In Paris").

Back together 
During one of their shows, Crosby and Nash were joined onstage by Stills, to perform "Teach Your Children". The three worked things out, and reformed their trio. CSN was released in 1977, and "Just A Song Before I Go" became a new hit single.
In the next years, the trio worked together off and on, and also as solo artists. Young's music had become very different from that of the other band members, and he mostly worked with Crazy Horse, but he did collaborate now and then with CSN. Crosby had his own cocaine problems during the 1980s, and ended up serving a prison sentence. He was able to stop abusing cocaine, as Stills had earlier. CSN's later songs included "Wasted On The Way". Nash rejoined the Hollies for a reunion album in 1984, and played shows with them, but the reunion was not a success.

CSN played in Berlin, Germany at the time the Berlin Wall was torn down, at the end of the 1980s. They also played shows during the 1990s and early 2000s, and their 2000 tour was called the "CSNY2K" tour. They recorded other albums, but they were not nearly the hits their early ones had been, and they worked with outside writers, instead of writing all their own songs. Atlantic Records cancelled their contract.
Crosby, Stills and Nash still work together and apart, with Crosby and Nash having the longest and strongest partnership. Neil Young continues on as a solo artist, with and without Crazy Horse, exploring many different kinds of music.

Discography 
 1969: Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN)
 1970: Déjà Vu (CSNY)
 1971: 4 Way Street (CSNY) (live)
 1974: So Far (CSNY)
 1977: CSN (CSN)
 1982: Daylight Again (CSN)
 1983: Allies (CSN) (live and studio)
 1988: American Dream (CSNY)
 1990: Live It Up (CSN)
 1994: After the Storm (CSN)
 1999: Looking Forward (CSNY)
 2008: Déjà Vu Live (CSNY) (live)
American rock bands
Folk music groups
Musical groups from California
Musical groups established in 1968
1968 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in 1970
1970 disestablishments in the United States
1970s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in 1974
1974 establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in the 1970s
1974 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 1977
1977 establishments in the United States
The Sphenodontia is a diverse group of reptile. It includes only one living genus, the tuatara (Sphenodon). An alternative name for the order is the Rhynchocephalia. 

They are an offshoot from the  evolutionary  line leading to the lizards and snakes. They had many families during the late  Triassic and  Jurassic periods but then declined. They are now are the least successful of the lepidosaurs. 

The only surviving member today is the New Zealand tuatara.

References 

Scaled reptiles
Marat Safin is a retired professional tennis player from Russia. He was once ranked number 1 in the world. In 2000 and 2005, Safin won the US Open and the Australian Open, respectively. In 2002 and 2004, Safin played in the last round of the Australian Open, but lost. In 2008, Safin became the first Russian man to play in the semifinals in the Wimbledon Championships.

Born to a Tatar family, he learned tennis in Spain when he was a teenager.

References

Other websites

 

1980 births
Australian Open champions
Living people
Male tennis players
Russian tennis players
Sportspeople from Moscow
Tatars
US Open (tennis) champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Lleyton Glynn Hewitt (born 24 February 1981) is an Australian former tennis player. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia. His father is retired Australian rules footballer Glynn Hewitt (born 1953).

Hewitt was ranked the No.1 in the world and was the youngest ever male player to reach this rank. He played for Australia in the Davis Cup. In August 2000, the Australian Government gave him the Australian Sports Medal. Hewitt won the US Open in 2001 and the Wimbledon Championships in 2002.

Grand slam record 
This table shows Hewitt's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles.

References

1981 births
2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
Australian tennis players
Australian Olympians
Living people
Sportspeople from Adelaide
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Redundant is a single by Green Day.

Green Day songs
1998 songs
Bradley Joseph Fitzpatrick (born February 5, 1980) is an American programmer. He is best known as the creator of LiveJournal.

Other websites

BradFitz.com - personal homepage
Fitzpatrick's personal LiveJournal

1980 births
Living people
Writers from Iowa
American bloggers
The Zillertal is the biggest valley branching off the Inntal in Tyrol, Austria drained by the river Ziller. It is surrounded by the strongly glaciated Zillertaler Alpen to the south and east, the lower grass peaks of the Kitzbüheler Alpen to the east and Tuxer Alpen to the west. The largest settlement is Mayrhofen.

Culture
The Zillertal is particularly renowned for its musical tradition. For instance, several families of travelling singers and organ builders from the valley have been credited with spreading the Christmas carol Silent Night across the world during the 19th and early 20th centuries. More recently, the Schürzenjäger band have had tremendous success in German-speaking countries with their crossover mix of Volksmusik and pop.

Valleys
Geography of Austria
Tyrol (state)
David IV, also known as David II or David III, or David the Builder (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, Davit Aghmashenebeli) (1073 – January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from 1089 to 1125.

References 

Christian saints
1073 births
1125 deaths
Pope Victor III (; 1026-September 16, 1087), born Dauferius or Daufar, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 159th Pope from 1086 until his death in 1087.

Early life
Dauferius was born in the Lombardy region of Italy.

Benedictine
When Dauferius became a Benedictine monk, he took the name Desiderius.  He became the abbot of Monte Cassino.

Cardinal
In 1059, Abbot Desiderius was made a cardinal by Pope Stephen IX.

Pope
Despite frail health, he was elected pope in 1086.

After his death 
In 1887, Victor was beatified by Pope Leo XIII.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 

 GCatholic,  Pope Victor III

Italian popes
1026 births
1087 deaths
Beatified people
Benedictines
Oklahoma is a state in the United States of America.

Oklahoma could also mean:
Oklahoma Territory, an organized territory (1890-1907) that would become part of the  state
Oklahoma!, a 1943 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical comedy
Oklahoma! (movie)
Oklahoma! (soundrack)
"Oklahoma!" (song), the musical's theme song and the state of Oklahoma's official song
Oklahoma (1979 movie)
USS Oklahoma (BB-37), an American naval warship
Mexico, Illinois, formerly Oklahoma, Illinois
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, United States
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
Oklahoma City bombing, a 1995 terrorist attack
University of Oklahoma
Oklahoma State University
Ed Ferrara or Oklahoma, a professional wrestling writer
Polo is a sport. It is played between two teams of 4 players on horses, which are called polo ponies. The players try to score goals (points) by putting the ball in the goal. They use long mallets (long sticks). It is the state sport of Ancient Manipur.

Origins
Origins

According to the Guinness Book of Records, polo traces its origin to the Ancient Manipur, where it was played as the "Sagol Kangjei" (, ) right from 3100 BC.
Various forms of Polo, and similar sports, have been long played, traditionally, throughout a wide range covering Assam and Manipur areas of India, Kashmir, Nepal and Tibet,  and the Northern valleys of Pakistan such as Gilgit, Hunza Valley, Baltistan and Chitral District and parts of Central Asia as well. In ancient Persia, Chavgan, another form of Polo, was also played. It was only in the mid-19th century that colonial officers in British India began to play this sport and imported it to Britain, where the formal Hurlingham Rules were then laid down. Later, in the 1890s, Polo was also introduced to the United States.
The main rules of polo 
There are two teams both with 4 players. They play on a field which is 300 yards long (about 275 meters) and 160 or 200 yards wide (about 146 and 183 meters). There are goalposts (long sticks in the ground) 8 yards (7.32 meters) apart at each end of the field. To score, the ball has to go between the other team's goalposts, which is called a goal.

The game is 4, 6 or 8 periods (units of time) of 7 minutes, which are called chukkas. Between chukkas, players change ponies.

In a game there are 2 umpires on horses and a referee on the side.
A common defensive play in polo is called "hooking". A player may hook an opponent by using their mallet to block an opponent's mallet while the opponent tries to hit the ball. Sometimes it is unsafe for a player to hook their opponent. As an example, reaching over or under the opponent's horse to make a hook is considered unsafe. An unsafe hook will cause the player to foul. If a player cannot safely hook their opponent, they may instead use a different defensive play called a "ride-off". A "ride-off" happens when a player uses their horse to push an opponent's horse away from the "line". This makes it difficult for the opponent to make a play on the ball. If the player crosses the line while trying to ride off their opponent, they will receive a foul.

If a player makes a foul, the opponent may get a penalty shot. Penalty shots are made near the goal and other players cannot block the penalty shot.
Player positions 
Each player has certain responsibilities:
 Number One is the most offensive position on the field. 
 Number Two is the most difficult position on the field to play. The number 2 has an important offensive role and a defensive role. 
 Number Three is the tactical leader. He is defensive and offensive and is often the best player.
 Number Four is the most defensive player. He tries to stop the other team from scoring goals.

Polo ponies 

The ponies are 14.2 to 16 hands (1 hand equals 4 inches or 10.16 centimetres). They weigh between 900 and 1100lbs-pounds- (about 408 and 499 kilos). Ponies can be ridden to play from the age of 5 up to 18 or even 20 years old sometimes. Polo ponies are not actually ponies because they are full-sized horses. Thoroughbreds are a common horse breed to use as polo ponies because they are fast and agile.

Equipment
Equipment 

The players have a helmet (hard hat), riding boots, white trousers, a shirt with the player's number on. Sometimes players also have one or two gloves, knee-pads and a whip.

The ball is made of plastic. Before, it was made of wood. The ball is about 3¼ inches (8.3 centimetres) in diameter and weighs about four ounces (113.4 grams).

Polo saddles are English-style, similar to jumping saddles.

Polo mallets are used to hit the ball. Their shape is similar to normal mallets, but they are much longer. The shaft of the mallet is usually made of bamboo and the head is usually made of wood. Players hit the ball with the side of the mallet rather than the front.

Other forms of polo 
Polo is not always played on ponies. Canoe polo, cycle polo, camel polo, elephant polo, golf cart polo, Segway polo, BMX polo, yak polo and water polo also exist. However most of these forms are not played at a professional level.

Related pages
 Imphal Polo Ground

References
References

Other websites 
 Federation of International Polo - worldwide governing body of the sport of polo
 Information and news about polo 
 Video-on-demand clips of polo matches from around the world
 Governing body of the sport in the UK

 
Sport in Pakistan