Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The average temperature for the year in Estillac is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Estillac is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is April with an average of .

Administration
The department is managed by the Departamental Council of Lot-et-Garonne in Agen. Lot-et-Garonne is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Administrative divisions
There are 4 arrondissements (districts), 21 cantons and 319 communes (municipalities) in Lot-et-Garonne.

The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Lot-et-Garonne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Agen-1 (4701)
 Agen-2 (4702)
 Agen-3 (4703)
 Agen-4 (4704)
 L'Albret (4705)
 Le Confluent (4706)
 Les Coteaux de Guyenne (4707)
 Les Forêts de Gascogne (4708)
 Le Fumélois (4709)
 Le Haut Agenais Périgord (4710)
 Lavardac (4711)
 Le Livradais (4712)
 Marmande-1 (4713)
 Marmande-2 (4714)
 L'Ouest agenais (4715)
 Le Pays de Serres (4716)
 Le Sud-Est agenais (4717)
 Tonneins (4718)
 Le Val du Dropt (4719)
 Villeneuve-sur-Lot-1 (4720)
 Villeneuve-sur-Lot-2 (4721)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Lot-et-Garonne are known, in French, as Lot-et-Garonnais (women: Lot-et-Garonnaises).

The department of Lot-et-Garonne has a population, in 2014, of 333,234, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Agen, with 120,235 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other three, Marmande, Villeneuve-sur-Lot and Nérac, have respectively 83,245, 90,527 and 39,227 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Lot-et-Garonne

The 10 main cities in the department are:

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Lot-et-Garonne department
 Communes of the Lot-et-Garonne department

References

Other websites

 Departamental Council of Lot-et-Garonne 
 Prefecture official website 
 Chamber of Commerce and Industry website 

Lot-et-Garonne
Lozère () is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France near the Massif Central. It is named after Mont Lozère.

History
Lozère was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Lozère was formed with part of the old province of Languedoc.

Les Sources and Hautes-Cèvennes were two other names proposed for this department but they were not accepted.

Geography
Lozère has an area of . It is surrounded by 5 departments belonging to 2 regions:
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Ardèche
 Cantal
 Haute-Loire
 Occitanie region
 Aveyron
 Gard.

The Lozère is divided into four natural regions, covering four mountain ranges:

 The Aubrac. It is a plateau in the northwest of the department that rises between  and , with a cold humid climate. The highest point is Signal de Mailhebiau with .
The Margeride. Located in the northeast of the department, these mountains are of granite and well forested. The climate here is cold, but dryer than the climate in Aubrac. The highest point is Signal de Randon with .

 The Causses. These are a series of very dry limestone plateaus in the south-west of the department.

 The Cévennes, a southern part of the Massif Central and that is found in the south-east of the department. Here is the highest point in the department, Mont Lozère at .

Three important rivers start in the department:
 The Tarn, with its source on the Mont Lozère.
 The Lot, with its source also on the Mont Lozère.
 The Allier, with its source is in the mountainous region of Margeride.

Administration
The département is managed by the Departamental Council of Lozère in Mende. Lozère is part of the region of Occitanie.

Administrative divisions
There are 2 arrondissements (districts), 13 cantons and 176 communes (municipalities) in Lozère.
The following is a list of the 13 cantons of the Lozère department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Aumont-Aubrac (4801)
 La Canourgue (4802)
 Chirac (4803)
 Le Collet-de-Dèze (4804)
 Florac (4805)
 Grandrieu (4806)
 Langogne (4807)
 Marvejols (4808)
 Mende-1 (4809)
 Mende-2 (4810)
 Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole (4811)
 Saint-Chély-d'Apcher (4812)
 Saint-Étienne-du-Valdonnez (4813)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Lozère are known, in French, as Lozériens (women: Lozériennes).

Lozère is the least populated French department. It has a population, in 2014, of 76,360, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Mende, with 63,047 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other arrondissement, Florac, have 13,313 inhabitants.

The only important city is Mende with 11,542 people living there in 2014. The subprefecture, Florac Trois Rivières, has 2,107 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Lozère
The cities with more than 2,000 inhabitants in the department are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Lozère department
 Communes of the Lozère department

References

Other websites

 General Council of Lozère 
 Prefecture website 
  Comité Départemental du Tourisme en Lozère 

Lozère
Maine-et-Loire is a department found in the west of France in the Pays de la Loire region. Its prefecture is Angers and its population is about 810,000 (2015 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.

References
Manche is a department found in the west of France in the Normandy region. Its prefecture is Saint-Lô. Its population is about 486,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.

Manche
Marne is a department in northeastern France named after the river Marne which flows through the department.  The prefecture (capital) of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne).

The Champagne vineyards producing the world-famous sparkling wine are located within Marne.

History
Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Châlons-sur-Marne as is capital. It was formed with part of the former province of Champagne.

It was divided in six districts: Châlons-sur-Marne, Reims, Épernay, Sézanne, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the six districts were changed into five arrondissements: Châlons-sur-Marne, Épernay, Reims, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François.

After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Sainte-Menehould was eliminated but in 1940 Sainte-Menehould was made again an arrondissement.

In 1995, the name of Châlons-sur-Marne was changed to Châlons-en-Champagne but it was rejected in 1997. But, finally, this change was accepted in 1998.

Geography
The Marne department is in the Grand Est region after being part of the Champagne-Ardenne region till 2016. It is surrounded by 6 departments in 3 regions:
 Grand Est region
 Ardennes department (north)
 Meuse department (east)
 Haute-Marne department (southeast)
 Aube department (south)
 Île-de-France region
 Seine-et-Marne department (southwest)
 Hauts-de-France region
 Aisne department (west)

Marne has an area of , the 7th largest department of the Metropolitan France. The department is  long from Villeneuve-la-Lionne to Trois-Fontaines-l'Abbaye, and  wide from Cormicy to Clesles.
There are three geographic regions in the department:
 The Champagne crayeuse in the centre of the department; it is a plain where cereals are grown.
 A region with low hills in the eastern part of the department.
 Champagne vineyards, in the western part of the deparment. Here is the Montagne de Reims ("Mountain of Reims") where are the highest points of the department in the forests of the Verzey commune; several hills are  high ().

The Marne river flows through the department from the southeast to the west.

Climate
This area is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Châlons-en-Champagne is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Châlons-en-Champagne is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Châlons-en-Champagne is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of

Administration
Marne is managed by the Departmental Council of Marne in Châlons-en-Champagne. The department is part of the Grand Est region.

Administrative divisions
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 23 cantons and 616 communes (municipalities) in Marne.

The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Marne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Argonne Suippe et Vesle (5101)
 Bourgogne (5102)
 Châlons-en-Champagne-1 (5103)
 Châlons-en-Champagne-2 (5104)
 Châlons-en-Champagne-3 (5105)
 Dormans-Paysages de Champagne (5106)
 Épernay-1 (5107)
 Épernay-2 (5108)
 Fismes-Montagne de Reims (5109)
 Mourmelon-Vesle et Monts de Champagne (5110)
 Reims-1 (5111)
 Reims-2 (5112)
 Reims-3 (5113)
 Reims-4 (5114)
 Reims-5 (5115)
 Reims-6 (5116)
 Reims-7 (5117)
 Reims-8 (5118)
 Reims-9 (5119)
 Sermaize-les-Bains (5120)
 Sézanne-Brie et Champagne (5121)
 Vertus-Plaine Champenoise (5122)
 Vitry-le-François-Champagne et Der (5123)

Demographics
The inhabitants of the Marne department are known, in French, as Marnais (women: Marnaises),

Marne had a population, in 2014, of 570,817, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Reims, with 296,374 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Marne

The 10 communes with more inhabitants in the Marne department are:

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Marne department
 Communes of the Marne department

References

Other websites

 Departmental Council website 
 Prefecture of the Marne department 
 Tourism in Champagne

Marne
Haute-Marne is a department in the northeast of France named after the Marner river. It is in the Grand Est region and its prefecture (capital) is the city of Chaumont.

Charles de Gaulle lived until his death in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises.

History
Haute-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Chaumont as is capital. It was formed with parts of the former provinces of Champagne,  Burgundy, Lorraine and Franche-Comté.

It was divided in six districts: Bourbonne, Bourmont, Chaumont, Joinville, Langres and Saint-Dizier.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the six districts were changed into three arrondissements: Chaumont, Langres and Wassy.

After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Wassy was eliminated but in 1940 Wassy was made again an arrondissement but the subprefecture was moved to Saint-Dizier.

Geography
The Haute-Marne department is in the Grand Est region. It is bordered by 6 departments in two regions:
 Grand Est region
 Meuse department (north)
 Vosges (east)
 Aube (west)
 Marne (northwest)
 Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region
 Haute-Saône (southeast)
 Côte-d'Or (southwest)

Haute-Marne has an area of , and its highest point is in the Bois de Baissey in the commune Baissey in the southern part of the department; it is  high (), and is in the Langres plateau.

The main river is the Marne river; it starts in the Langres plateau and flows through  in the department.

Climate
This area is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Saint-Dizier is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Saint-Dizier is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

The average temperature for the year in Saint-Dizier is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of

Administration
Haute-Marne is managed by the Departmental Council of Haute-Marne in Chaumont. The department is part of the Grand Est region.

Administrative divisions
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 23 cantons and 427 communes (municipalities) in Haute-Marne.

The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Haute-Marne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Bologne (5201)
 Bourbonne-les-Bains (5202)
 Chalindrey (5203)
 Châteauvillain (5204)
 Chaumont-1 (5205)
 Chaumont-2 (5206)
 Chaumont-3 (5207)
 Eurville-Bienville (5208)
 Joinville (5209)
 Langres (5210)
 Nogent (5211)
 Poissons (5212)
 Saint-Dizier-1 (5213)
 Saint-Dizier-2 (5214)
 Saint-Dizier-3 (5215)
 Villegusien-le-Lac (5216)
 Wassy (5217)

Demographics
The inhabitants of the Haute-Marne department are known, in French, as Haut-Marnais (women: Haut-Marnaises),

Haute-Marne had a population, in 2014, of 180,673, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Saint-Dizier, with 71,371 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Haute-Marne

The communes with more inhabitants in the Haute-Marne department are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Haute-Marne department
 Communes of the Haute-Marne department

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Departmental Council website  
 Prefecture of the Haute-Marne department 
 Tourism in Haute-Marne 

Haute-Marne
Meurthe-et-Moselle is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Meurthe and Moselle rivers. The prefecture (capital) of Meurthe-et-Moselle is Nancy.

History
Meurthe-et-Moselle was created in 1871 at the end of the Franco-Prussian War from the parts of the former departments of Moselle and Meurthe that were left to France with Nancy as is capital. It was divided in 4 arrondissements: Briey, Lunéville, Toul and Nancy.

The current boundary between Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle was the border between France and Germany from 1871 to 1919 and again between 1940 and 1944.

On 10 September 1926, the arrondissements of Toul were eliminated but it was made again, in 1943, an arrondissement.
Geography
The Meurthe-et-Moselle department is in the Grand Est region. It is bordered by 4 departments, all in the same region. To the northwest, the department borders Belgium and Luxembourg.
 Grand Est region
 Moselle department (north and east)
 Bas-Rhin (a short distance in the southeast)
 Vosges (south)
 Meuse (west)

Meurthe-et-Moselle has an area of ; it is  from north to south and is  wide, forming a panhandle in the north of the department.

Its highest point is in the Roc de Taurupt () between the communes Bionville and Raon-sur-Plaine (Vosges) in the western part of the department; it is  high.

The main rivers in the department are the Meurthe and the Moselle; the department is named after this two rivers. Other rivers are the Chiers (tributary of the Meuse) and the Vezouze (a tributary of the Meurthe).
Climate
The area around Nancy, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Troyes is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Nancy is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

The average temperature for the year in Nancy is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of

Administration
Meurthe-et-Moselle is managed by the Departmental Council of Meurthe-et-Moselle in Nancy. The department is part of the Grand Est region.

Administrative divisions
There are 4 arrondissements (districts), 23 cantons and 594 communes (municipalities) in Meurthe-et-Moselle.
The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Baccarat
 Entre Seille et Meurthe
 Grand Couronné
 Jarny
 Jarville-la-Malgrange
 Laxou
 Longwy
 Lunéville-1
 Lunéville-2
 Meine au Saintois
 Mont-Saint-Martin
 Nancy-1
 Nancy-2
 Nancy-3
 Neuves-Maisons
 Le Nord-Toulois
 Pays de Briey
 Pont-à-Mousson
 Saint-Max
 Toul
 Val de Lorraine Sud
 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
 Villerupt

Demographics
The inhabitants of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department are known, in French, as Meurthois or Meurthe-et-Mosellans (women: Meurthoises or Meurthe-et-Mosellanes),

Meurthe-et-Moselle had a population, in 2013, of 731,004, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Nancy, with 417,430 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Meurthe-et-Moselle

The 10 communes with more inhabitants in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department are:
Economy
The economy was highly dependent on mining until the 1960s. There are iron, salt, and lime mines. The urban area around Nancy has a very active economy based largely on services, research, and higher education.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department

References

Other websites

 Departmental Council website 
 Prefecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department 

Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meuse is a department found in the east of France in the Grand Est region. Its prefecture is Bar-le-Duc. Its population is about 193,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.

Meuse (department)
Morbihan (; , ) is a department found in the west of France in the Brittany region. Its prefecture is Vannes and its population is about 677,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.

Morbihan has also two subprefectures: Lorient and Pontivy.

Related pages 
Cantons of the Morbihan department
Communes of the Morbihan department
Arrondissements of the Morbihan department
La Baule - Guérande Peninsula
Nièvre is a department in the centre of France, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is named after the Nièvre river, a tributary of the Loire. Its prefecture and largest city is Nevers.

History
Nièvre is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Nevers as its capital. It was formed from part of the old province of Nivernais and its name was written at first as Nyèvre.

It was divided in nine districts: Nevers, Saint-Pierre-le-Moutier, Decize, Moulins-Engilbert, Château-Chinon, Corbigny, Clamecy, Cosne and La Charité.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the nine districts were changed into four arrondissements: Nevers, Château-Chinon, Clamecy and Cosne.

On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Cosne was eliminated but in 1943 it became again an arrondissement of the department.

Geography
Geography

Nièvre is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has an area of . The highest point of the department is Mont Préneley (),  high; it is in the commune Glux-en-Glenne.

The department borders with six departments in three regions:
 Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region
 Yonne (north)
 Côte-d'Or (east)
 Saône-et-Loire (southeast)
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Allier (southwest)
 Centre-Val de Loire region
 Cher (west)
 Loiret (nortwest)

There are three main geographical zones in the department:
 Eastern zone, with small hills covered with forests; here is the Parc Naturel Régional du Morvan ("Morvan regional natural park").
 Central zone, an agricultural zone.
 Western zone, a zone organised along a north-south line formed by the valley of the Loire river; it is the zone of the department with higher population.

The main rivers in the department are the Loire, that makes most of the western border, with its tributaries Allier and Aron; and the Yonne, with its tributary Cure.
Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Nevers is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".

It rains in all seasons but precipitations are more important in the eastern zone, in the Morvan, and weaker in the Loire valley.

Administration
Nièvre is managed by the Departmental Council of Nièvre in Nevers. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Administrative divisions
There are 4 arrondissements (districts), 17 cantons and 309 communes (municipalities) in Nièvre.

The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Nièvre department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
La Charité-sur-Loire (5801)
 Château-Chinon (5802)
 Clamecy (5803)
 Corbigny (5804)
 Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire (5805)
 Decize (5806)
 Fourchambault (5807)
 Guérigny (5808)
 Imphy (5809)
 Luzy (5810)
 Nevers-1 (5811)
 Nevers-2 (5812)
 Nevers-3 (5813)
 Nevers-4 (5814)
 Pouilly-sur-Loire (5815)
 Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier (5816)
 Varennes-Vauzelles (5817)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Nièvre are known, in French, as Nivernais (women: Nivernaises).

Nièvre had a population, in 2014, of 213,569, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Nevers, with 118,087 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Nièvre

The 10 communes with more inhabitants in the department are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Nièvre department
 Communes of the Nièvre department

References

Other websites

 Departmental Council website 
 Prefecture website 
 Agence de Développement Touristique de la Nièvre
Nord is a department in the north of France, in the Hauts-de-France region. Its name is because the department is in the north of France. Its prefecture is Lille.

History
Nord is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Douai as is capital.

It was divided in eight districts: Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Douai, Hazebrouck, Lille, Le Quesnoy and Valenciennes.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the eight districts were changed into six arrondissements: Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Cassel, Douai and Lille.

In 1803, the capital of the department was moved from Douai to Lille and the subprefecture of Bergues was moved to Dunkirk.

The arrondissement of Valenciennes was created in 1824.

The subprefecture of Cassel was moved to Hazebrouck in 1857. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Hazebrouck was eliminated.

In 1962, the name of the commune Avesnes was changed to Avesnes-sur-Helpe.
Geography
Nord is part of the Hauts-de-France region. It has an area of .

The department is surrounded by the North Sea, Belgium (West Flanders and Hainaut provinces) and 3 other departments of the Hauts-de-France region:
 Hauts-de-France region
 Aisne (south)
 Somme (southwest) (a short distance)
 Pas-de-Calais (west)

The highest point in the department is in the commune of Anor () near the border with Belgium; it is  high.

Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Scheldt/Escaut, the Yser, the Lys, the Scarpe, and the Sambre.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Lille is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Lille is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Lille is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administration
Nord is managed by the Departmental Council of Aisne in Lille. The department is part of the Hauts-de-France region.

Administrative divisions
There are 6 arrondissements (districts), 41 cantons and 648 communes (municipalities) in Nord.

The following is a list of the 41 cantons of the Nord department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Aniche (5901)
 Annœullin (5902)
 Anzin (5903)
 Armentières (5904)
 Aulnoye-Aymeries (5905)
 Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes (5906)
 Avesnes-sur-Helpe (5907)
 Bailleul (5908)
 Cambrai (5909)
 Le Cateau-Cambrésis (5910)
 Caudry (5911)
 Coudekerque-Branche (5912)
 Croix (5913)
 Denain (5914)
 Douai (5915)
 Dunkerque-1 (5916)
 Dunkerque-2 (5917)
 Faches-Thumesnil (5918)
 Fourmies (5919)
 Grande-Synthe (5920)
 Hazebrouck (5921)
 Lambersart (5922)
 Lille-1 (5923)
 Lille-2 (5924)
 Lille-3 (5925)
 Lille-4 (5926)
 Lille-5 (5927)
 Lille-6 (5928)
 Marly (5929)
 Maubeuge (5930)
 Orchies (5931)
 Roubaix-1 (5932)
 Roubaix-2 (5933)
 Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (5934)
 Sin-le-Noble (5935)
 Templeuve (5936)
 Tourcoing-1 (5937)
 Tourcoing-2 (5938)
 Valenciennes (5939)
 Villeneuve-d'Ascq (5940)
 Wormhout (5941)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Nord are known, in French, as Nordistes.
Nord had a population, in 2014, of 2,603,472, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Lille, with 1,232,513 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Nord

The 10 communes in the department with more inhabitants are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Nord department
 Communes of the Nord department

References

Other websites

 Tourism in Nord-Pas de Calais 

Nord (French department)
Oise is a department found in the north of France in the Hauts-de-France region. Its prefecture is Beauvais. Its population is about 780,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.

Oise
Pas-de-Calais (Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Kales) is a department found in the north of France in the Hauts-de-France region. Its prefecture is Arras. Its population is about 1,456,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French Revolution.

Arrondissement
The department has 7 arrondissement:
Arrondissement of Arras
Arrondissement of Béthune
Arrondissement of Calais
Arrondissement of Montreuil
Arrondissement of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Arrondissement of Lens
Arrondissement of Saint-Omer
Cantons
 The department has 39 cantons:
Canton of Aire-sur-la-Lys
Canton of Arras-1
Canton of Arras-2
Canton of Arras-3
Canton of Auchel
Canton of Auxi-le-Château
Canton of Avesnes-le-Comte
Canton of Avion
Canton of Bapaume
Canton of Berck
Canton of Béthune
Canton of Beuvry
Canton of Boulogne-sur-Mer-1
Canton of Boulogne-sur-Mer-2
Canton of Brebières
Canton of Bruay-la-Buissière
Canton of Bully-les-Mines
Canton of Calais-1
Canton of Calais-2
Canton of Calais-3
Canton of Carvin
Canton of Desvres
Canton of Douvrin
Canton of Étaples
Canton of Fruges
Canton of Harnes
Canton of Hénin-Beaumont-1
Canton of Hénin-Beaumont-2
Canton of Lens
Canton of Liévin
Canton of Lillers
Canton of Longuenesse
Canton of Lumbres
Canton of Marck
Canton of Nœux-les-Mines
Canton of Outreau
Canton of Saint-Omer
Canton of Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise
Canton of Wingles

References

Pas-de-Calais
Puy-de-Dôme is a French department in the centre of France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and named after the dormant volcano the Puy de Dôme. Its prefecture is the city of Clermont-Ferrand.

History
Puy-de-Dôme was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Puy-de-Dôme was formed with part of the old province of Auvergne.

It was divided in eight districts: Ambert, Besse, Billom, Clermont-Ferrand, Issoire, Montaigu, Riom and Thiers, with Clermont-Ferrand as is capital.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the eight districts were changed into five arrondissements: Ambert, Clermont-Ferrand, Issoire, Riom and Thiers. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of  Ambert was eliminated but, in 1942 Ambert became again an arrondissement of the department.

Geography
Puy-de-Dôme is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in east-central France, with an area of .
The department borders with 2 other departments in 2 regions:
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Corrèze (west)
 Creuse (west)
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Allier (north)
 Loire (east)
 Haute-Loire (southeast)
 Cantal (southwest)

The department is in the Massif Central and there are several mountain chains; some of the chains and mountains are:
 Chaîne des Puys, to the northwest of the department; here is the Puy de Dôme, a dormant volcano.
 Monts Dore, to the southwest of the department. Here is the highest mountain of the department and of the Massif Central: Puy de Sancy, an extinct volcano (); it is  high.
 Monts du Forez, to the east of the department
 Livradois, to the south.
 Massif des Bois Noirs, to the northeast.
 Cézallier, to the southwest.

Climate
The climate of the Puy-de-Dôme department, in the city of Clermont-Ferrand, is an oceanic climate, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Clermont-Ferrand, at an altitude of , is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Clermont-Ferrand is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .

Administration
Puy-de-Dôme is part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Puy-de-Dôme in Clermont-Ferrand.

Administrative divisions
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 31 cantons and 467 communes (municipalities) in Puy-de-Dôme.

The following is a list of the 31 cantons of the Puy-de-Dôme department (with their INSEE codes), in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Aigueperse (6301)
 Ambert (6302)
 Aubière (6303)
 Beaumont (6304)
 Billom (6305)
 Brassac-les-Mines (6306)
 Cébazat (6307)
 Chamalières (6308)
 Châtel-Guyon (6309)
 Clermont-Ferrand-1 (6310)
 Clermont-Ferrand-2 (6311)
 Clermont-Ferrand-3 (6312)
 Clermont-Ferrand-4 (6313)
 Clermont-Ferrand-5 (6314)
 Clermont-Ferrand-6 (6315)
 Cournon-d'Auvergne (6316)
 Gerzat (6317)
 Issoire (6318)
 Lezoux (6319)
 Maringues (6320)
 Les Martres-de-Veyre (6321)
 Les Monts du Livradois (6322)
 Orcines (6323)
 Pont-du-Château (6324)
 Riom (6325)
 Saint-Éloy-les-Mines (6326)
 Saint-Georges-de-Mons (6327)
 Saint-Ours (6328)
 Le Sancy (6329)
 Thiers (6330)
 Vic-le-Comte (6331)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Puy-de-Dôme are known, in French, as Puydômois (women: Puydômoises).

Puy-de-Dôme has a population, in 2014, of 644,216, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand, with 375,518 inhabitants, is by far the largest.

Evolution of the population in Puy-de-Dôme
The most important cities in the department are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Puy-de-Dôme department
 Communes of the Puy-de-Dôme department

References

Other websites

 Departamental Council website 
 Prefecture website
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics;  or ) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. It takes its name from the Pyrenees mountains and the Atlantic Ocean.

History
Pyrénées-Atlantiques is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790, with the name of Basses-Pyrénées. It was created from parts of the old provinces of Guyenne, Béarn, and Gascony.

The new department had six districts: Mauléon, Oloron, Orthez, Pau, Saint- Palais and Ustaritz.

The first prefecture was Navarrenx but then it was moved to Pau; in 1795, the prefecture was moved to Saint-Palais but in 1796 it was returned to Pau.

On 10 October 1969, the name of the department was changed from Basses-Pyrénées to Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

Geography

Pyrénées-Atlantiques is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, and is the 10th French department in area with .
There are two small territorial enclaves—a remnant from the Middle Ages— that are part of the neighboring Hautes-Pyrénées department.

The department is surrounded by the departments:
 Landes and Gers to the north,
 Hautes-Pyrénées to the east,
and by Spain to the south and the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) to the west.

The Pyrenees mountain range is found in the southern part of the department and goes, east to west, from the Col d'Aubisque, a mountain pass  south of Tarbes and Pau, to the mouth of the river Bidasoa.

The Pic Palas (), at , is the highest point of the department and also the highest of the Aquitaine region; it is on the border with Spain.

The main river of the department is the Adour and all rivers in the department, except for some coastal small rivers, flow into this river. Other important rivers are the Gaves réunis, formed by the rivers Gave d'Oloron and Gave de Pau, and the Nive.
Climate
The climate of Pau is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.

The average temperature for the year in Pau is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F).

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Pau is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

Administration
The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques in Pau. Pyrénées-Atlantiques is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 27 cantons and 546 communes (municipalities) in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
The following is a list of the 27 cantons of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Anglet (6401)
 Artix et Pays de Soubestre (6402)
 Baïgura et Mondarrain (6403)
 Bayonne-1 (6404)
 Bayonne-2 (6405)
 Bayonne-3 (6406)
 Biarritz (6407)
 Billère et Coteaux de Jurançon (6408)
 Le Cœur de Béarn (6409)
 Hendaye-Côte Basque-Sud (6410)
 Lescar, Gave et Terres du Pont-Long (6411)
 Montagne Basque (6412)
 Nive-Adour (6413)
 Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 (6414)
 Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2 (6415)
 Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (6416)
 Ouzom, Gave et Rives du Neez (6417)
 Pau-1 (6418)
 Pau-2 (6419)
 Pau-3 (6420)
 Pau-4 (6421)
 Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre (6422)
 Pays de Morlaàs et du Montanérès (6423)
 Saint-Jean-de-Luz (6424)
 Terres des Luys et Coteaux du Vic-Bilh (6425)
 Ustaritz-Vallées de Nive et Nivelle (6426)
 Vallées de l'Ousse et du Lagoin (6427)
Demographics
The inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques are known, in French, as Basques et Béarnais (women: Basques et Béarnaises). The Basques live mainly in the western part of the department and the Béarnais in the eastern part. From 1790 to 1969, before the change of the name of the department, the inhabitants of this departmente were known as Bas-Pyrénéens.

The Pyrénées-Atlantiques has a population, in 2014, of 667,249, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Pau, with 305,089 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Bayonne and Oloron-Sainte-Marie, have respectively 287,546 and 74,614 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Pyrénées-Atlantiques- 	-

The city with more people living in it is the capital, Pau, with 77,489 inhabitants, the  of the total population of the department. The subprefectures of Bayonne and Oloron-Sainte-Marie have, respectively, 48,178 inhabitants () and 10,824 inhabitants ().

The main cities in the department are:

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
 Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

References

Other websites

 General Council of Pyrénées-Atlantiques  
 Prefecture official website 

Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Hautes-Pyrénées () is a department in the southwest of France. It is part of the Occitanie region and its main city is Tarbes.

History
Hautes-Pyrénées is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790.  It was created with parts of the former province of Gascony; these parts were the old province of Bigorre and the Pays des Quatre-Vallées.

Geography 
Hautes-Pyrénées has an area of , or 0.81% of the country. It is part of the Occitanie region and has two small territorial exclaves—a remnant from the Middle Ages—located within the neighboring département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

The department is surrounded by 2 regions and 3 departments:
 Occitanie
 Gers to the north
 Haute-Garonne to the east
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine
 Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the west

and by Spain (the province of Huesca) to the south.

Three natural regions can be distinguished in the department.
The Pyrénées, along the border with Spain, cover the southern half of the department, with 66% of the department. They form a natural barrier between France and Spain. More than 30 mountains here are over  high.

The Pic Vignemale (), at , is the highest point of the department; it is on the border with Spain. The Vignemale is in the Pyrénées National Park.

The second region of the Hautes-Pyrénées, with 17% of the territory, consists of chains low hills.

The third region, in the northern part of the department, is the plain of the Adour river and consists of largely flat agricultural land.

The main river of the department is the Adour river that flows through the cities of Tarbes and Bagnères-de-Bigorre. Other rivers are the Gave de Pau and the Neste.

Hautes-Pyrénées has two small territorial exclaves—a remnant from the Middle Ages—within the neighboring département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
Climate
The climate of the department is an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification.

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Lourdes is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

The average temperature for the year in Lourdes is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administration
The département is managed by the Departamental Council of the Haute-Garonne in Tarbes. The Hautes-Pyrénées is part of the region of Occitanie.

Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 17 cantons and 470 communes (municipalities) in the Hautes-Pyrénées.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Hautes-Pyrénées department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Aureilhan (6501)
 Bordères-sur-l'Échez (6502)
 Les Coteaux (6503)
 La Haute-Bigorre (6504)
 Lourdes-1 (6505)
 Lourdes-2 (6506)
 Moyen Adour (6507)
 Neste, Aure et Louron (6508)
 Ossun (6509)
 Tarbes-1 (6510)
 Tarbes-2 (6511)
 Tarbes-3 (6512)
 Val d'Adour-Rustan-Madiranais (6513)
 La Vallée de l'Arros et des Baïses (6514)
 La Vallée de la Barousse (6515)
 La Vallée des Gaves (6516)
 Vic-en-Bigorre (6517)

Population
The inhabitants of Hautes-Pyrénées are known, in French, as Haut-Pyrénéens (women: Haut-Pyrénéennes). They are also known as the Bigourdans.

Hautes-Pyrénées has a population, in 2014, of 228,950, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Tarbes, with 143,753 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Argelès-Gazost and Bagnères-de-Bigorre, have respectively 38,813 and 46,384 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Tarbes (40,900), followed by Lourdes (14,361). The subprefectures of Argelès-Gazost and Bagnères-de-Bigorre have, respectively, 3,020 and 7,602 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Hautes-Pyrénées

The cities with more than 4,000 inhabitants in the department are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
 Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

References

Other websites

 Departamental Council of Hautes-Pyrénées  
 Tourism & culture in Hautes-Pyrenees
 Prefecture website 
 Western Pyrenees National Park 
 Photography Panoramics 360° website
Pyrénées-Orientales (English: Eastern Pyrenees; ; ) is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France; it is next to the northern Spanish border and the Mediterranean Sea.

The department is formed by the historically Catalan-speaking area of Rosillon (with its different parts: Roussillon (modern), Haute Cerdagne (or simply Cerdagne), Conflent, Vallespir and Capcir) and Fenouillèdes, an historically Occitan-speaking area.

History
Before 1659, most of the present department was part of the former Principality of Catalonia, within the Kingdom of Spain, so historically most of it has been Catalan-speaking, and it is still sometimes referred to as Northern Catalonia.

Pyrénées-Orientales was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Pyrénées-Orientales was formed by the province of Roussillon and Fenouillèdes (), a small piece of territory which had formerly been on the southern edge of Languedoc.
Geography
Pyrénées-Orientales has an area of . It has the department of Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, Spain to the south, and Andorra and the department of Ariège to the west.

The department is dominated by the Pyrenees mountain range. The highest mountain is Pic Carlit () that is  high. The best known mountain in the department is Le Canigou () that is  high.

There are three main rivers in the department: from north to south, Agly, Têt (the largest river of the department) and Tech; the Agly has its source in the Corbières hills, in the southern part of the Aude department. The other two river has their sources in the Pyrenees. The three rivers flow into the eastern Plain of Roussillon before they flow into the Mediterranean Sea.

Most of the population and agricultural production are concentrated in the Plain of Roussillon, with only 30% of the area.

Llívia is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain, that forms a Spanish exclave surrounded by French territory.
Climate 
In the department, there are three subtypes of the group C in the Köppen climate classification:
 Csa - Mediterranean climate with hot summers.
 Cfa - Subtropical humid climate with hot summers.
 Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Administration
The département is managed by the Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales in Perpignan. The Pyrénées-Orientales is part of the region of Occitanie.

Administrative divisions
The area is traditionally divided into comarques, of which five (French Cerdagne, Capcir, Conflent, Roussillon and Vallespir) are historically Catalan-speaking and one (Fenouillèdes) is historically Occitan-speaking.

There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 17 cantons and 226 communes (municipalities) in the Pyrénées-Orientales.

The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Pyrénées-Orientales department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Les Aspres (6601)
 Le Canigou (6602)
 La Côte Sableuse (6603)
 La Côte Salanquaise (6604)
 La Côte Vermeille (6605)
 Perpignan-1 (6606)
 Perpignan-2 (6607)
 Perpignan-3 (6608)
 Perpignan-4 (6609)
 Perpignan-5 (6610)
 Perpignan-6 (6611)
 La Plaine d'Illibéris (6612)
 Les Pyrénées catalanes (6613)
 Le Ribéral (6614)
 La Vallée de la Têt (6615)
 La Vallée de l'Agly (6616)
 Vallespir-Albères (6617)

Demographics 
Pyrénées-Orientales has a population, in 2014, of 466,327, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Perpignan, with 349,959 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Ceret and Prades, have respectively 73,192 and 43,176 inhabitants.

The only important city is Perpignan with 120,605 people living there in 2012. The subprefectures Céret and Prades have 7,663 and 5,927, respectively.

Evolution of the population in Pyrénées-Orientales

The cities with more than 6,000 inhabitants in the department are:
The inhabitants of Pyrénées-Orientales are known, in French, as Pyrénaliens (women: Pyrénaliennes) or Catalans (women: Catalanes).

French is spoken by almost all the population. Minority languages in the region are Catalan and Occitan, which between them are estimated to be spoken by rather more than a quarter of the population and understood by more than 40%.

On 10 December 2007, the Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales recognized Catalan as a regional language of the department, though French is still the only official language in France, according to the Constitution.

Economy
Pyrénées-Orientales is a wine-growing area and a tourist destination.

The area is famous for its wine with the predominately red grape varieties grown all over the department.
Places of interest
Some places of interest are:
Prades () - site of the Catalan Summer University (Universitat Catalana d'Estiu).
Banyuls-sur-Mer (Catalan Banyuls de la Marenda) famous for its wines.
Prats de Molló - important defensive castle of the 17th century facing south to the Pyrenees.
Salses - important defensive castle of the 16th century, on the ancient frontier with Spain.

Gallery

Related pages
 Northern Catalonia
 Arrondissements of the Pyrénées-Orientales department
 Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department

References

Other websites

 Departamental Council of Pyrénées-Orientales 
 Prefecture website 
 Réseau Culturel Terre Catalane
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ.ʁɛ̃]; Alsatian: Unterelsàss, ‘s Unterlànd or ‘s Ingerlànd; traditional German: Niederrhein; English: Lower Rhine) is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Rhine river that flows along its eastern border. The prefecture (capital) of Bas-Rhin is Strasbourg.

Bas-Rhin means "Lower Rhine", however, geographically speaking it belongs to the Upper Rhine region. This is the last French department to have kept the term Bas, meaning "Lower", in its name. Other departments using this word preferred to change their names.

History
Bas-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in four districts: Haguenau, Benfeld, Strasbourg and Wissembourg, with Strasbourg as is capital. Soon, the district of Sarre-Union was created and the name of the district of Benfeld was changed to Sélestat (in its origins, Schlettstadt).
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the five districts were changed into four arrondissements: Strasbourg, Barr, Saverne and Wissembourg. The subprefecture of Barr was moved to Schlestadt (Sélestat) in 1806.

The Bas-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany.

In 1919, Bas-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the arrondissements Strasbourg-Ville, Strasbourg-Campagne, Erstein, Haguenau, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat and Wissembourg.

The arrondissements Sélestat and Erstein were combined in 1974 to form the arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein.

In 2015, the arrondissements Strasbourg-Campagne and Wissembourg were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining arrondissements, and only 5 were kept: Haguenau-Wissembourg, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat-Erstein and Strasbourg.