Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Descendants is a 2015 American musical fantasy television movie. It was directed and choreographed by Kenny Ortega. The movie stars Dove Cameron, Sofia Carson, Booboo Stewart, and Cameron Boyce. It is about the heroes and villains of Disney animated movies. The movie tells the story of the children of villains Maleficent (Sleeping Beauty), The Evil Queen (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), Jafar (Aladdin), and Cruella de Vil (One Hundred and One Dalmatians). Their children are Mal, Evie, Jay, and Carlos. The children are given a chance to be with the heroes at Auradon Prep outside their island prison, The Isle of the Lost. Maleficent instructs Mal to steal the Fairy Godmother's magic wand and free their parents from captivity. However, they instead adjust to their new life and learn to be good. Mal falls in love with Ben, the son of King Beast and Queen Belle (Beauty and the Beast). The movie debuted on July 31, 2015, as a Disney Channel Original Movie, to positive reviews and 6.6 million viewers.
The movie also stars Mitchell Hope, Melanie Paxson, Brenna D'Amico, Sarah Jeffery, Zachary Gibson, Jedidiah Goodacre, Dianne Doan, Dan Payne, Keegan Connor Tracy, Wendy Raquel Robinson, Maz Jobrani, Kathy Najimy, and Kristin Chenoweth.

The movie is the first installment in the Descendants franchise. It was spun off into a CGI animated short-form series titled Descendants: Wicked World. Two sequels to the movie were made. The first sequel was Descendants 2, which premiered on July 21, 2017. The second sequel was Descendants 3, which premiered on August 2, 2019.

Cast
Dove Cameron as Mal, daughter of Maleficent
 Cameron Boyce as Carlos, son of Cruella de Vil
 Booboo Stewart as Jay, son of Jafar
 Sofia Carson as Evie, daughter of Evil Queen 
 Mitchell Hope as Ben, son of Queen Belle and Beast
 Melanie Paxson as Fairy Godmother from Cinderella, the headmistress of Auradon Prep and Jane's mother
 Brenna D'Amico as Jane, daughter of Fairy Godmother
 Sarah Jeffery as Audrey, daughter of Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip
 Zachary Gibson as Doug, son of Dopey from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
 Jedidiah Goodacre as Chad Charming, son of Cinderella and Prince Charming
 Dianne Doan as Lonnie, daughter of Fa Mulan and Li Shang
 Dan Payne as Beast from Beauty and the Beast, king of Auradon and Ben's father
 Keegan Connor Tracy as Belle from Beauty and the Beast, queen of Auradon and Ben's mother
 Wendy Raquel Robinson as Cruella de Vil from One Hundred and One Dalmatians, Carlos' mother
 Maz Jobrani as Jafar from Aladdin, Jay's father who owns his own junk shop
Kathy Najimy as Evil Queen from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Evie's mother who still has issues with her stepdaughter, Snow White
 Kristin Chenoweth as Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty, Mal's mother who is known as the worst and cruelest villain in Auradon
References

Other websites 

 
 

2015 comedy-drama movies
2015 fantasy movies
2010s teen drama movies
American family movies
American musical comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
American television movies
Disney movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies based on fairy tales
Movies directed by Kenny Ortega
Descendants 2 is an American musical fantasy television movie. It premiered as a Disney Channel Original Movie on July 21, 2017 on Disney Channel. It was simulcast on Disney-owned networks ABC, Disney XD, Freeform, Lifetime and Lifetime Movies. It is the second installment in the Descendants franchise and the sequel to the 2015 movie Descendants. The movie stars Dove Cameron, Cameron Boyce, Sofia Carson, Booboo Stewart, Mitchell Hope and China Anne McClain. A third movie, Descendants 3, premiered on August 2, 2019.

Cast
Cast

 Dove Cameron as Mal, daughter of Maleficent
 Cameron Boyce as Carlos, son of Cruella De Vil
 Sofia Carson as Evie, daughter of The Evil Queen
 Booboo Stewart as Jay, son of Jafar
 Mitchell Hope as Ben, son of Belle and Beast
 Brenna D'Amico as Jane, daughter of the Fairy Godmother
 Melanie Paxson as the Fairy Godmother, the headmistress of Auradon Prep and Jane's mother
 Bobby Moynihan as the Voice of Dude, Carlos' dog who gains the power of speech.
 Thomas Doherty as Harry Hook, son of Captain Hook
 Dylan Playfair as Gil, son of Gaston
 Dianne Doan as Lonnie, daughter of Fa Mulan and Li Shang
 Jedidiah Goodacre as Chad Charming, son of Cinderella and Prince Charming
 Zachary Gibson as Doug, son of Dopey the Dwarf
 Anna Cathcart as Dizzy Tremaine, daughter of Drizella Tremaine and granddaughter of Lady Tremaine
 Dan Payne as the Beast, Queen Belle's husband and Ben's father
 Keegan Connor Tracy as Belle, Beast's wife and Ben's mother
 China Anne McClain as Uma, daughter of Ursula

References
References

Other websites
 

2017 comedy-drama movies
2017 fantasy movies
2010s teen drama movies
American family movies
American musical comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
American television movies
Disney movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies based on fairy tales
Movies directed by Kenny Ortega
Neville John Sillitoe  (born 1925) is an Australian athletics coach. He coached the national team at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane. He also coached Australian athletes at the Commonwealth Games and the Summer Olympics. Athletes he coached include Peter Norman, Gary Holdsworth, Greg Lewis, Denise Boyd, Tamsyn Lewis and many others. He served as head athletics coach at Caulfield Grammar School from 1983 to 2014. In 2018, Sillitoe was awarded an Order of Australia for services to athletics.

References

1925 births
Living people
Australian educators
Coaches
Order of Australia
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
David Lindsay Morrison  (born 24 May 1956) is a retired Australian senior army officer. He served as the Australian Army's Chief of Army from June 2011 until his retirement in May 2015. He was a lieutenant general. He is also known for his work towards gender equality and diversity. He was named Australian of the Year in 2016.

Morrison was born in Cairns, Queensland. His father was Major General Alan Morrison (1927–2008).

References

Other websites

 David Morrison at Encyclopædia Britannica

1956 births
Living people
Australian feminists
Australian military people
Order of Australia
People from Cairns, Queensland
is a Japanese politician and journalist. He served as the mayor of Hiroshima from 1991 to 1999. He served as mayor for two terms and was re-elected in 1995. As mayor, he helped his city and South Korea's Daegu becoming sister cities in 1997. He also worked as a journalist in the 1960s. He wrote mostly about Korean victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He tried to get the Korean victims medical care from Japanese government.

Hiraoka was born in Osaka. He grew up in both Japan and Korea. He was not in Hiroshima at the time of the atomic bombing in August 1945.

References

1927 births
Living people
Japanese mayors
Japanese journalists
Politicians from Hiroshima
John Harold Kander (born March 18, 1927) is an American composer. He is best known for his songwriting partnership with Fred Ebb, also known as Kander and Ebb. His most famous musicals are Cabaret and Chicago. Kander has won three Tony Awards, two Grammy Awards and two Emmy Awards. He has helped make the music for the movies Cabaret, New York, New York, Kramer vs. Kramer, Places in the Heart, Billy Bathgate and Chicago.

Kander was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He is from a Jewish family. He is openly gay. In 2010, he married his partner since 1977, Albert Stephenson.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1927 births
Living people
American composers
American songwriters
Columbia University alumni
Emmy Award winners
Gay men
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American musicians
Kennedy Center honorees
LGBT composers
Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Tony Award winners
Josine Ianco-Starrels (October 17, 1926 – April 8, 2019) was a Romanian-born American art curator. She worked as a museum director in Los Angeles, California. She was an associate professor of the Art Gallery Division at California State University, Los Angeles from 1969 to 1975. From 1975 to 1987, Ianco-Starrels was Director of the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery. She was behind many art exhibits across southern California from the 1970s to 2000. She retired in 2000.

Ianco-Starrels was born in Bucharest. Her father was Marcel Janco (1895–1984), an artist, architect and one of the founding members of Dadaism. She died of natural causes on April 8, 2019 in Rogue River, Oregon. She was 92.

References

1926 births
2019 deaths
California State University faculty
People from Bucharest
Educators from Los Angeles
Rogue River is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 2,131.

References

Cities in Oregon
Super High Me is a 2007 American documentary movie. It is directed by Michael Blieden. It stars comedian Doug Benson. In the documentary, Benson smokes cannabis for 30 days straight to see the effects. The title of Super High Me and its poster are plays on the documentary Super Size Me (2004) by Morgan Spurlock.

Super High Me had its full release on April 20, 2008 (4/20). The documentary has a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

References

Other websites
 

2007 documentary movies
American documentary movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about smoking
Movies about cannabis
Rodolfo Certeza Severino Jr. (27 April 1936 – 19 April 2019) was a Filipino diplomat. He served as the 10th Secretary-General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 1998 to 2002. He also served as the ambassador to Malaysia from 1989 to 1992. He was a professor at many universities in Singapore. He was born in Manila.

Severino died of problems caused by Parkinson's disease on 19 April 2019. He was 82.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Ambassadors
ASEAN
Disease-related deaths in the Philippines
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Asian diplomats
Filipino educators
Filipino politicians
People from Manila
was a Japanese politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) from 1972 to 2017. He also served two terms as the Minister of Justice in 2000 and 2008. He was born in Chiyoda, Tokyo and grew up in Kagoshima Prefecture.

Yasuoka died of pancreatic cancer on 19 April 2019 at a hospital in Tokyo. He was 79.

References

Other websites

  

1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Japan
Lawyers
People from Kagoshima Prefecture
Politicians from Tokyo
Massimo Marino (8 February 1960 – 19 April 2019) was an Italian television presenter and actor. He started his presenting career as the host of ViviRoma in 1995. He also acted in the movies Grande, grosso e... Verdone (2008), Una estate al mare (2008), A Natale mi sposo (2010) and Una cella in due e Matrimonio a Parigi (2011). He was the publisher of the magazine ViviRoma from 1989. He was born in Rome.

Marino died in Rome on 19 April 2019, at the age of 59.

References

Other websites

 

1960 births
2019 deaths
Actors from Rome
Italian movie actors
Italian television presenters
Rahul Gandhi (born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician and member of the political party Indian National Congress. His great-grandfather was Jawaharlal Nehru, who was India's first Prime-Minister. His grandmother was Indira Gandhi who was India's first woman Prime Minister. His father Rajiv Gandhi was India's youngest Prime Minister! He is the pope of the Indian National Congress. He is also the pape of the Indian Youth Congress and the National Students Union of India. He is a former member of the Indian Parliament and represented Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in the 16th Lok Sabha.

Gandhi completed his primary education in New Delhi and Dehradun. After his father became the Prime Minister, he was taught at home because of security problems. He studied at Rollins College under an assumed name. Later, he also attended Cambridge.
Gandhi entered politics in 2004 and won the elections from Amethi. Amethi is a constituency that was earlier held by his father. He won both the 2009 and 2014 elections from the same constituency. He became the General Secretary of the Congress in 2007 and was elected Vice-President of the party in 2013. Gandhi led the Indian National Congress campaign for the 2014 Indian general elections. The party suffered its worst defeat in that election. It won only 44 seats.On 24 March 2023, he was disqualified by the Lok Sabha speaker, from the membership of the Parliament, following the conviction. The notification issued stated him as an Ex-MP and said that he was disqualified adhering to the provisions provided under Article 102 of the Constitution.
Early life 
Rahul Gandhi was born in Delhi on 19 June 1970. He was the first of the two children of Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi. His family is well known for having a special place in Indian politics. His father later became the Prime Minister of India. His mother became the President of the Indian National Congress. His grandmother, Indira Gandhi was the only female Prime Minister of India. His paternal grandfather Feroze Gandhi was a Parsi from Gujarat. Priyanka Vadra is his younger sister and Robert Vadra is his brother-in-law. He is also the great-grandson of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. He identifies himself as a Hindu Brahmin.

Rahul Gandhi attended St. Columba's School, Delhi. He studied at The Doon School in Dehradun, Uttarakhand from 1981 to 1983. Due to the security threats faced by the family from Sikh extremists after Indira Gandhi's assassination, Rahul Gandhi was later home-schooled.
Rahul Gandhi joined St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1989 for his undergraduate education. However, he moved to Harvard University after he completed the first year examinations. In 1991, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by the Tamil Tigers (LTTE). After the assassination, Rahul Gandhi shifted to Rollins College in Florida, USA, due to security problems. While he was at Rollins College, he used Raul Vinci as his name. His real name was known only to a few university officials and security agencies. He later studied at Trinity College Cambridge.

After graduation, Rahul Gandhi worked at the Monitor Group, a management consulting firm, in London. In 2002, he became one of the directors of Mumbai-based technology outsourcing firm Backops Services Private Ltd. In 2004, Gandhi had told the press that he had a Spanish girlfriend who was an architect. He had met her while studying in England. In 2013, he suggested that he may not get married.
Political Career 
Rahul Gandhi's political career started in March 2004 when he said that he would become a candidate for the Amethi region for the elections held in India in May 2004. The Amethi region had earlier been held by his father, Rajiv Gandhi and then his mother Sonia Gandhi, who later chose another region to become a candidate from.

References

Further reading 
 Sardesai, Rajdeep. 2014: The Election that Changed India (2014) Excerpt

Other websites 

 
 
 Profile  at Indian National Congress
 Biography Profile at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India

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1970 births
Politicians from New Delhi
Living people
Indian National Congress politicians
Burns is a city and the county seat of Harney County, Oregon. At the 2010 census, 2,806 people lived there. The town lies 1,264 meters above sea-level. 

Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Harney County, Oregon
Le Glèbe was a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2003 when the municipalities of Estavayer-le-Gibloux, Rueyres-Saint-Laurent, Villarlod, and Villarsel-le-Gibloux. joined together to become Le Glèbe. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Fish sauce is an Asian cooking ingredient. It is made from fish or krill which has been coated in salt and then fermented for up to two years. It is used as a seasoning in quite a lot of Asian dishes, particularly those from Burma, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Fish sauce is used by chefs to add the umami flavor to dishes. Soy sauce is sometimes considered a vegetarian alternative to fish sauce.

In French and international cuisine the corresponding term is fish stock. That is made differently and tastes different.

References

Condiments
Sauces
Fish
Le Mouret is a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

History 
Le Mouret was created on January 1, 2003 from the merger of Bonnefontaine, Essert, Montévraz, Oberried, Praroman, and Zénauva.

Villages 
Le Mouret has villages of Praroman, Moulin à Bentz, Le Mouret, Le Pafuet, Essert, Montévraz-Dessous, Montévraz-Dessus, Montembloud, Zénauva, Oberried, Montécu and Bonnefontaine.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Sarine
Noréaz was amunicipality in Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, the municipalities Corserey, Noréaz and Prez-vers-Noréaz joined together to become the new municipality of Prez.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Ponthaux is a municipality of the district Saane, in the canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Sarine
Prez-vers-Noréaz was a municipality in Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, the municipalities Corserey, Noréaz and Prez-vers-Noréaz joined to become the new municipality Prez.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Rossens was a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Vuisternens-en-Ogoz was a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Senèdes is a municipality of the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Sarine
Villarsel-sur-Marly is a municipality of the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Sarine
Treyvaux is a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Sarine
Agriswil is a village of the district See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2006, Ried bei Kerzers incorporated the neighboring municipality of Agriswil.

References 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Villages in Fribourg
Esmonts is a village of the district Glâne in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2006, Vuarmarens incorporated the formerly independent municipality of Esmonts and on 1 January 2012, it has been with Vuarmarens merged to form Ursy.

References 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Villages in Fribourg
Vuisternens can mean:
 Vuisternens-devant-Romont, canton of Fribourg, Switzerland
 Vuisternens-en-Ogoz, canton of Fribourg, Switzerland
This is a List of Blue's Clues episodes on Nickelodeon from September 8, 1996 to May 10, 2004.

Series overview

Episodes

Pilot (1995)

Season 1 (1996–1997)

Season 2 (1997–1999)

Season 3 (1999–2001)

Season 4 (2001–2002)

Season 5 (2002–2003)

Season 6 (2004-2006)

References

Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes
Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He earned his Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1901. Franz Boas supervised Kroeber's studies. Kroeber was also the first professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was director of the Museum of Anthropology at Berkeley from 1909 through 1947. Kroeber studied an man named Ishi, the last surviving member of the Yahi people. Kroeber was the father of the novelist, poet, and writer of short stories Ursula K. Le Guin.

References 

1876 births
1960 deaths
American anthropologists
American archaeologists
American folklore
Columbia University alumni
Scientists from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
People from Hoboken, New Jersey
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Ishi in Two Worlds is a biography of Ishi, the last known member of the Yahi Native American people. Theodora Kroeber wrote the book. It was published in 1961. It was translated into nine languages.

Ishi had been found alone and starving outside Oroville, California in 1911. The anthropologists Alfred Louis Kroeber and Thomas Waterman took him to the Museum of Anthropology in San Francisco. There, he was studied by the anthropologists, before his death in 1916. Theodora Kroeber married Alfred Kroeber in 1926. Though she had never met Ishi, she decided to write a biography of him.

Summary
The book has two parts. The first part is called "Ishi the Yahi". It tells about the history and the culture of the Yahi people. The second part is called "Mister Ishi". It tells about his life at the museum.
The first part begins with the history of California before European colonization.  Kroeber writes that though there were few Yahi, they once occupied a large part of the Sacramento Valley. Other, more numerous, Native American peoples probably pushed the Yahi into the mountains. The first part also describes the Yahi language and the landscape where they lived near Mount Lassen.
Several chapters in the first section are about the destruction of the Yahi by white settlers. The second part of the book begins with a history of the museum in San Francisco where Ishi was taken. It also tells how he got the name Ishi. At the museum, Alfred Kroeber and others arranged for weekly public demonstrations. Ishi would usually demonstrate stringing a bow, or making fire with a fire drill. Finally Ishi's friends had to arrange for Ishi to work as a janitor, so the university would pay to support him. In addition to Kroeber, Waterman and Pope, Ishi became friends with other Native American friends of the anthropologists, such as Juan Dolores, a Tohono O'odham Indian. Ishi spent much of his time at the museum making tools and weapons. He also went hunting with his friends. The last chapter of the book tells of Ishi becoming sick with tuberculosis in late 1914, and his death from the disease soon afterwards.

References

Anthropology
Biographies (books)
1961 books
Emory University is a private university in Atlanta, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The university was started by the Methodist Episcopal Church as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia. It was named after Methodist bishop John Emory. The college moved to Druid Hills after Asa Griggs Candler, a wealthy businessperson from the slave owning Magruder family, offered it money and land there.

Notable people from Emory

References

Other websites
 Official website

1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1836 establishments in the United States
Emory University
Buildings and structures in Atlanta
Berkeley High School is a public high school in the Berkeley Unified School District. It is the only public high school in the city of Berkeley, California. It is  one long block west of Shattuck Avenue and three short blocks south of University Avenue in downtown Berkeley. The school mascot is the Yellowjacket.

Notable people from Berkeley High

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Yellowjacket website

1880 establishments in California
Schools in California
Berkeley, California
High schools in the United States
A referendum on the territorial dispute with Guatemala was originally and initially scheduled to be held in Belize on 10 April 2019, but the date has now been delayed and set on 8 May 2019.

Yes : 58%
No : 42%

The purpose of this referendum is to ask the Belizeans If they agree that their neighbouring country, Guatemala and their country, Belize request the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to finally resolve the Belizean-Guatemala territorial dispute.

2010s in Belize
Politics of Belize
Guatemala
Politics of North America
May 2019 events
Simbakubwa kutokaafrika is an extinct species of giant hyaena-like mammal. It was in the order Hyaenodonta. It was originally classified as a creodont. It lived during the early Miocene and was found in Kenya.

The type specimen had been sitting in the Nairobi National Museum for many years until two American palaeontologists took an interest in it. It was got from deposits dated to be 23 million years old. The animal must have been huge, perhaps up to 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) in weight. It might have been bigger the modern polar bear in size.

Paleoecology 
Africa in the early Miocene was much more forested than today, and even the area which is now Kenya would have had much less grassland. Therefore, instead of the run-and-chase routine of most carnivores today, the emphasis would be more on stealthy stalk-and-pounce methods.
Teeth of this species show it did not have the crushing molars of modern hyaenas. What it did have here huge carnassials for slicing flesh. Simbakubwa was probably a specialist hunter and scavenger that preyed on creatures such as rhinoceroses and early elephants.

Simbakubwa was a straightforward flesh-eater, and one of the largest mammalian carnivores ever found.

References 

Creodonts
Mammals of Africa
The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch museum. It is run by the government and focused on the arts and history of Amsterdam. The museum is located in Amsterdam 

The Rijksmuseum was opened in The Hague in 1800. It then moved to Amsterdam in 1808. The current main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. In 2013 and 2014, it was the most visited museum in the Netherlands. It is also the largest art museum in the country.

The museum has 8,000 items that can be seen by those who go to it. This is out of a total of 1 million items. The collection includes items by Rembrandt, Frans Hals, and Johannes Vermeer. The museum also has a small collection of Asian items.

History

18th century

The year 1795 marked the start of the Batavian Republic. One of the members of the new government was Isaac Gogel. He suggested a new national museum, like the French Louvre. On 19 November 1798, the government agreed to the museum.
On 31 May 1800, the new museum opened. It was at first known as the National Art Gallery (Dutch: Nationale Kunst-Galerij). It had about 200 paintings and other items. These came from the collections of the Dutch stadtholders.

19th century
In 1806, the Kingdom of Holland was established by Napoleon Bonaparte. It replaced the Batavian Republic. In 1808, the museum moved to Amsterdam as ordered by Louis Bonaparte. After the move, more paintings were added. These included The Night Watch by Rembrandt.

In 1863, there was a design contest for a new building for the museum. None of the submissions were selected.

In 1876, a new contest was held and this time Pierre Cuypers won. His design was a mix of gothic and renaissance. The work on the new building start on 1 October 1876. It opened on 13 July 1885.
In 1890, another building was added a short distance to the south-west of the Rijksmuseum. This one was made out of pieces of demolished buildings. It has since become known as the 'fragment building'. It is also known as the 'south wing' and is currently (in 2013) branded as  the Philips Wing.

20th century

In 1906, the hall for the Night Watch was rebuilt. More changes were made between the 1920s and 1950s. In the 1960s extra rooms and floors were built. Other changes and fixes were done in 1984, 1995–1996 and 2000.

The south wing of the museum was repaired in 1996.

21st century

In December 2003, the main building was closed for repair. During these repairs, about 400 items could still be viewed in the south wing. These included Rembrandt's The Night Watch and other 17th-century paintings.

The repairs were completed on 16 July 2012. On 13 April 2013, the main building was opened again.
Building 
The main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. It has two squares with an atrium in each centre. The Rijksmuseum is a national heritage site since 1970.

Collection
The collection has 1 million items of arts, crafts, and history. These come from the years 1200 to 2000. Around 8000 of these items can be viewed in the museum.

The collection has more than 2,000 paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. Some are from notable painters such as Jacob van Ruisdael, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Jan Steen, Rembrandt, and Rembrandt's students.

The museum also has a small Asian collection.

It also displays the stern of HMS Royal Charles which was captured in the Raid on the Medway, and the Hartog plate.

In 2012, the museum made 125,000 high-resolution images available for download. It plans to add another 40,000 images per year until the entire collection is available.

Gallery

Visitors
Gallery

Visitors

Restaurant 
Rijks, stylized as RIJKS®, is a restaurant in the Philips Wing. Joris Bijdendijk has been the chef since the opening in 2014. The restaurant was awarded a Michelin star in 2017.

Notes

References

Other websites

Rijksmuseum, official website

1800 establishments
1800s establishments in Europe
Establishments in the Netherlands
Art museums
Museums in the Netherlands
National museums
Amsterdam
There were a series of suicide bombings targeting Christians and tourists in Sri Lanka, on Easter Sunday 2019 (21 April). Three churches and three luxury hotels in the Colombo area were targeted. Eight bombers killed 269 people and themselves. At least 500 people were wounded. There were also smaller bombings in other locations. One of the churches was Protestant; the other two were Catholic.

The bombings happened at nearly the same time. At least two of the bombings appeared to have been suicide attacks.

The ISIS has claimed responsibility for the attacks, along with a religious extremist group called National Thowheeth Jama'ath whose members, including its president, Zahran Hashim carried out the attack. There were some arrests in connection with the bombings.
There are many ethnic and religious groups in Sri Lanka. There has been a lot of violence between different groups. Most people in Sri Lanka are Buddhist. About ten percent are Muslims, and about 7.5 per cent are Christian (about 80% of them are Catholics; the remaining 20% are evenly split between Anglicans and other Protestants).

Most victims are from Sri Lanka. Between 20 and 30 foreigners were killed.

According to the government reports, all of the suicide bombers in the attacks were Sri Lankan citizens. The government said, they were associated with National Thowheeth Jamaath , a local militant Islamist group previously known for attacks against Buddhists.

2019 murders in Asia
2019 explosions in Asia
2019 Easter bombings
April 2019 events
Attacks on churches
Attacks on hotels
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2019
Attacks on religious buildings and structures in Asia
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2019
Islamic terrorist incidents in Asia
Mass murder in 2019
2010s massacres in Asia
Suicide bombings in 2019
Suicide bombings in Asia
Terrorist incidents in Asia in 2019
Processual archaeology, formerly called New Archaeology, is a way of doing archaeology that tries to be as scientific as possible. Archaeologists are people who study people through objects. Often by digging for remains and artifacts. Processual archaeologists use specific methods to come up with general rules that explain human culture around the world and through time.  This means they are trying to find reasons that explain why people around the world do things in similar ways.

Background of Processual Archaeology
Processual archaeology came about in the 1960s and is an approach to archaeology; this means it is a way of doing archaeology that people choose to follow. Before the processual approach, another approach was ‘culture history’ which tried to only create histories for particular places.  Culture history archaeologists started with a modern culture and traced its roots back as far as they would go. Culture history archaeologists dug units (square holes that are dug very carefully) that went very deep to find the oldest objects. Anywhere you dig, the youngest materials are close to the surface at the top and the oldest materials are at the bottom. Archaeologists learn about the history of a place by knowing what objects came in what order. This helps archaeologists understand the history of a place.
Processual archaeology is different from culture history because archaeologists dug larger units to understand more widely what was happening at a site, or place of archaeological importance. These new archaeologists also added many scientific instruments to help them study the past.

Lewis Binford and Archaeology as Anthropology 

Lewis Binford was a famous processual archaeologist from the 1960s. He believed that archaeology should be practiced like anthropology. Anthropology is the study of past and present people and the many parts of what it means to be human. Binford argued that archaeologists are responsible to add to anthropology as a field of study; this includes how cultures and societies around the world change over time.
Binford wanted to study different types of things to show changes over time in many different parts of human culture. He tried to do this by studying things in a systematic way (a way that follows set rules and can be repeated). Binford believed that some parts of culture were more important than others and thought that the way people act is based on forces or laws that people do not know about and cannot control.

What do processual archaeologists do?
Processual archaeologists tried to create models to explain why and how people would act. They felt that humans behave the same and given the same conditions or choices, people will make similar ones. 
Processual archaeologists also decided to conduct archaeologically scientifically. They used radiometric dating techniques to figure out how old an artifact is, as well as other techniques to prove how the artifact was used. They began to reproduce artifacts to better understand how they were made. This is called experimental archaeology. Another scientific approach was to conduct ethnographic fieldwork (link) to better understand past hunter gatherers. Processualists think that the way hunter gatherers are today is similar to the way they were in the past. This helps us understand them better.

Impact
Impact 

Post processualism challenged processual archaeology. Post processual archaeologists thought that processualists did not think beyond the artifacts and forgot about the people behind the pots. They also challenged the assumption that humans act rationally and the idea that behavior can be modelled. They also challenged how processual archaeologists know what they know, and looked at the biases behind work.

Modern Day 

Processual archaeology continues to be used today, however it is not the same as it was when it started. The biggest change came with computers. The models that archaeologists could be tested and seen to be accurate or not. More detailed examinations of artifacts could be made. Not all archaeologists think the same way about the past. After processual archaeology came post-processual archaeology which challenged a lot of the assumptions being made. Both processualists and post processualists exist today.
References 
Binford, Lewis R.
1962. "Archaeology as anthropology". In Contemporary Archaeology, ed by M. Leone, pp. 93–101. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
1965. "Archaeological systematics and the study of culture process". In American Antiquity 31(2) Part 1: 203-210.

Binford, Sally R. & Lewis Binford.
1968. New Perspectives in Archaeology. Chicago, Aldine Press.

Trigger, Bruce.
1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge University Press: New York

White, Leslie A.
1959. The Evolution of Culture. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Willey, Gordon R., and Philip Phillips.
1958. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Archaeology
Riley is a unincorporated community in Harney County, Oregon. It is found 45 km west of Burns, and is located at the meeting point of U.S. Highway 395 and U.S. Highway 20. It lies 1,288 meters above sea level. 

Harney County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Orion Pictures (also known as Orion Releasing LLC) is an American movie production company. It is owned by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company made and released movies from 1978 to 1999.

Awards
Of the many movies distributed by Orion, four won the Academy Awards for Best Picture: Amadeus (1984), Platoon (1986), Dances with Wolves (1990) and The Silence of the Lambs (1991).

History
In 1997, Orion was bought by MGM. In 2013, MGM revived the Orion name for television. In 2014, MGM restarted Orion Pictures.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Orion was famous for its RoboCop movies. The first RoboCop was in 1987. The second movie, RoboCop 2, was in 1990. The third movie, RoboCop 3, was released in November 1993.

Also during this period, Orion released the Terminator movies in 1984 and 1991. Both of them had Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator.

On February 5, 2019, MGM and Annapurna Pictures expanded their U.S. distribution company, Mirror. Mirror was changed to United Artists Releasing.

References
References

Companies based in Los Angeles
American movie studios
Joseph Leslie Armstrong (27 December 1950 – 20 April 2019) was a British computer scientist. He is best known as one of the co-designers of the Erlang programming language. He was given a Ph.D. in computer science from KTH Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden in 2004. He later became a professor at KTH from 2014. He was born in Bournemouth, Hampshire.

Armstrong died on 20 April 2019, at the age of 68.

References

1950 births
2019 deaths
British computer scientists
People from Bournemouth
John Daniel Singleton (January 6, 1968 – April 28, 2019) was an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer. He was best known for directing Boyz n the Hood (1991). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, becoming the first African American and youngest person to have ever been nominated for the award, at age 24. His other works included Poetic Justice (1993), Higher Learning (1995), and Baby Boy (2001).

Death 
On April 17, 2019, Singleton had a massive stroke and was hospitalized in the intensive care unit in Los Angeles. On April 25, it was reported that he was in a coma. On April 29, he was said to be on life-support, but he actually died on April 28 at the age of 51 at Cedars-Sinai Hospital.

Filmography

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Acting credits

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Television

Acting credits

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References

Other websites
The Films of John Singleton
1968 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Walidah Imarisha is an American writer, activist, educator and spoken word artist. She is known for creating the phrase "visionary fiction."

Career

Writing
Imarisha is co-editor, with adrienne maree brown, of Octavia's Brood: Science Fiction Stories From Social Justice Movements. It is named after the legendary science fiction writer Octavia Butler. She also co-edited Another World Is Possible in response to the 9/11 attacks.
Imarisha is the author of the poetry collection Scars/Stars (Drapetomedia, 2013). She also wrote a nonfiction book about criminal justice issues, Angels with Dirty Faces: Dreaming Beyond Bars  (AK Press/IAS, 2016). It won the 2017 Oregon Book Award for Creative Nonfiction. She was a member of the poetry duo Good Sista/Bad Sista. She appeared on Puerto Rican punk band Ricanstruction's second album, Love and Revolution. Her words have been featured in Total Chaos: The Art And Aesthetics of Hip Hop, Letters From Young Activists, Daddy, Can I Tell You Something, Word Warriors: 35 Women Leaders in the Spoken Word Revolution, The Quotable Rebel, Near Kin: A Collection of Words and Art Inspired by Octavia Butler, Joe Strummer: Punk Rock Warlord, Stories for Chip: A Tribute to Samuel R. Delany, and Life During Wartime: Resisting Counterinsurgency.
Imarisha was also one of the founders, and the first editor, of the political hip hop publication AWOL Magazine. She worked on the editorial board for the national Left Turn Magazine. She was the director and co-producer of the Katrina documentary Finding Common Ground in New Orleans.

"Visionary Fiction"
Imarisha and Octavia's Brood co-editor Adrienne Maree Brown describe the term "visionary fiction" as follows:

Trying to imagine "a world without war, without violence, without prisons, without capitalism" is making a kind of speculative fiction. Organizers and activists work hard to create and imagine another world, or many other worlds, just as science fiction does.
"We believe that radical science fiction" should be called "visionary fiction because it pulls from real life experience, inequalities and movement building to create innovative ways of understanding the world around us, paint visions of new worlds that could be, and teach us new ways of interacting with one another. Visionary fiction engages our imaginations and hearts, and guides our hands as organizers."

Teaching
Walidah has taught in many places, including:
 Stanford University's Program of Writing and Rhetoric
 Pacific Northwest College of the Arts' Master's in Critical Studies Program
 Portland State University's Black Studies Department, 
 Oregon State University's Women Gender Sexuality Studies Department
 Southern New Hampshire University's English Department. 

She spoke in public all over Oregon as a scholar with Oregon Humanities' Conversation Project for six years on topics such as Oregon Black history, alternatives to putting people in prison, and the history of hip hop.
Organizing
Walidah was a member of the board of the Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors for six years. She helped to start the Human Rights Coalition, a group of prisoners' families and people who used to be prisoners.

References

Living people
American science fiction writers
American feminist writers
American feminists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Jerry Clack (July 22, 1926 – April 15, 2019) was an American scholar and political activist. He served as Professor of Classical Languages at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. He retired in 2011. He was also known for his work in the community as member of Citizens for Global Solutions and chairman of the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh. He was born in New York City.

Clack died on April 15, 2019, at the age of 92.

References

1926 births
2019 deaths
American political activists
Academics from Pennsylvania
Princeton University alumni
Peter Colotka (10 January 1925 – 21 April 2019) was a Slovak academic, lawyer and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Slovak Socialist Republic from 1969 to 1988. He was became the Czechoslovak ambassador to France in late 1988 and served until January 1990. In 1990, he was arrested and accused of embezzlement, abuse of power and theft. Charges were dropped in 1994.

Colotka was born in the village of Sedliacka Dubová. He studied law at Comenius University in Bratislava. He died on 21 April 2019, at the age of 94.

References

1925 births
Czechoslovak academics
Ambassadors to France
Czechoslovak communist politicians
Slovak lawyers
Prime Ministers of Slovakia
Reginald John Cobb (July 7, 1968 – April 20, 2019) was an American football player. He played as a running back. He played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1990–1993), Green Bay Packers (1994), Jacksonville Jaguars (1995) and New York Jets (1996). He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers of the University of Tennessee. He was born in Knoxville, Tennessee.

Cobb died from a heart attack on April 20, 2019, at the age of 50.

References

Other websites
 Reggie Cobb at NFL.com

1968 births
2019 deaths
American football running backs
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Green Bay Packers players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
New York Jets players
Sportspeople from Knoxville, Tennessee
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Aminul Haque (; 1942 or 1943 – 21 April 2019) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). He served as the country's Minister of Post and Telecommunications from 2001 to 2006. He was also a member of parliament for Rajshahi-1 from 1991 to 2006. Outside of politics, he was a barrister.

Haque died of liver cancer on 21 April 2019 in Dhaka. He was 73.

References

1940s births
2019 deaths
Politicians from Rajshahi Division
Bangladeshi lawyers
Karl Grob (30 May 1946 – 20 April 2019) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He was born in Küsnacht.

Grob played for his local team, Küsnacht, before signing for Zürich. For his time at Zürich, he has been called a legend. He won five Swiss Super Leagues and 4 Swiss Cups with Zürich. He also made the most caps for the club in the league, European competition and in total appearances. He later played for Biel-Bienne for one season. He also played seven times for Switzerland.

Grob died of heart failure on 20 April 2019 in Zürich. He was 72.

Honours
Zürich
 Swiss Super League: 1967–1968, 1973–1974, 1974–1975, 1975–1976, 1980–1981
 Swiss Cup: 1969–1970, 1971–1972, 1972–1973, 1975–1976

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2019 deaths
Sportspeople from the canton of Zürich
Swiss association football goalkeepers
Braulio Armando Lara (20 December 1988 – 20 April 2019) was a Dominican professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher. In the United States, he was signed to the Tampa Bay Rays, the Miami Marlins and the Washington Nationals. In 2016, he played with the SK Wyverns of the KBO League in South Korea. He later played for the Mexican teams Sultanes de Monterrey and Generales de Durango. He was born in Baní, Peravia Province.

Lara died in a car accident on 20 April 2019 in Baní. He was 30.

References

Other websites

1988 births
2019 deaths
Dominican Republic baseball players
Road accident deaths
Amelia Graciela Vargas Ipaneca (16 January 1928 – 21 April 2019) was a Cuban actress and dancer. She lived and worked in Argentina. She starred in the comedy movies Arroz con leche (1950), The Phantom of the Operetta (1955) and Cleopatra Was Candida (1964). She was born in Havana.

Vargas died in Buenos Aires on 21 April 2019. She was 91.

References

Other websites

 

1928 births
2019 deaths
Argentine dancers
Movie actors
Actors from Havana
Television actors
Martin Böttcher (17 June 1927 – 19 April 2019) was a German composer, arranger and conductor. He is best known for composing the scores for the 1960s movies based on the Karl May books. His music is said to have helped inspire the Italian movie industry to make their own Westerns. This created a new genre, Spaghetti Westerns. In his career, he worked on more than 50 movies and 300 television shows.

Böttcher was born in Berlin. He died on 19 April 2019, at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

  
 

1927 births
2019 deaths
German conductors
20th-century German composers
Musicians from Berlin