Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
He was involved in a real-life backstage fight with Jacques Rougeau and the Bulldogs wrestled their last WWF match at the 1988 Survivor Series. He made many enemies during his time in the WWF including Brutus Beefcake because he refused an autograph for Betley who was visiting his old student backstage at a 1986 WWF show, The Honky Tonk Man whom Dynamite claimed had made light of injuries suffered by his friend Harley Race, - an account largely corroborated by Hart - and Jacques Rougeau. Rougeau blamed Dynamite for cutting up his clothes for a prank (which was actually committed by Curt Hennig) and Dynamite in return had confronted and punched Rougeau and his brother Raymond, he ambushed and assaulted Billington with three shots in the face while his fist was loaded with a roll of quarters (including one in the mouth that knocked out four of Dynamite's teeth). Many wrestlers thought he deserved the beating because of Billington's history of bullying
. He was known for being a legitimately tough guy and for his stiffness as a worker. Mick Foley told a story of when Kid and Smith wrestled the team of Les Thornton and a young Mick Foley. He said that Billington had manhandled him so badly in the ring that he could not eat solid food for a time, and Billington had tore a ligament in Foley's jaw with his trademark Hook Clothesline move. WWF-champion Randy Savage once specifically asked for Billington to watch his back when he went drinking in a hotel bar which was frequented by NWA wrestlers, including Ric Flair.
He had his final match on October 10, 1996, at a Michinoku Pro event called These Days where he teamed with Dos Caras and Kuniaki Kobayashi against The Great Sasuke, Mil Máscaras, and his greatest rival, Tiger Mask. Billington's body was clearly degenerated to the point where he was practically skin and bones, as the bottom portion of his tights were very loose. In the end, Dynamite delivered his trademark tombstone piledriver on Great Sasuke which lead to Dos Caras powerbombing Sasuke for the pin fall. When he was at the airport to return home the next day, he had a second seizure (as the first one was in 1987, while traveling with the Ultimate Warrior) and was sent to the hospital immediately.
Because of a large amount of back and leg injuries he suffered during his career, he is disabled and uses a wheelchair. He was told he would never walk again. The inventor of the diving headbutt Harley Race, has stated that he regrets ever inventing the move because of the fact that it appears to cause spinal problems, and may have contributed to Billington's disability. Billington also has suffered from heart problems. On November 23, 2013 it was reported that Billington suffered a stroke.

Death
Billington died on December 5, 2018, his 60th birthday in Ince, Cheshire.
Championships
All Japan Pro Wrestling
NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)
AJPW All Asia Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Johnny Smith)
Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling
AGPW International Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Joint Promotions
British Welterweight Championship (one time)
British Lightweight Championship (one time)
European Welterweight Championship (one time)
New Japan Pro Wrestling
WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (one time) (with The Assassin)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #5 of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" by PWI with Davey Boy Smith in 2003.
He was ranked #41 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" by PWI in 2003.
Stampede Wrestling
Stampede British Commonwealth Mid-Heavyweight Championship (five times)
Stampede International Tag Team Championship (six times) (with Sekigawa (one), Loch Ness Monster (one), Kasavudo (one), and Duke Myers (one), Davey Boy Smith (two))
Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Stampede World Mid-Heavyweight Championship (four times)
Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame
World Wrestling Federation
WWF World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Davey Boy Smith)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
5 Star Match (1983) (vs. Tiger Mask on 23 April)
Best Flying Wrestler (1984)
Best Technical Wrestler (1984) (tied with Masa Saito)
Best Wrestling Maneuver (1984) (Power clean dropkick)
Match of the Year (1982) (vs. Tiger Mask on 5 August, Tokyo, Japan)
Most Underrated (1983)
Tag Team of The Year (1985) (with Davey Boy Smith)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
References

Other websites
Archive of official website

1958 births
English professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
2018 deaths
Motivation is an important part of psychology. It is the driving force by which people (or animals) get what they want. A motive is the reason for an action taken.

Motivation arouses a person to act towards a desired goal. It is a driving force which promotes action. For example, hunger is a motivation which causes a desire to eat. "Motivation is an energizer of behavior". It is the purpose or psychological cause of an action.

With animals, motivation is caused by basic needs: needs for food, water, warmth, safety, mating, protecting the young, defending territory, needs to escape pain and threats... The drive to do these things is instinctive, inborn, and triggered by circumstance.

With humans, whose mental life is much more complex, motivation is more complicated. Obviously, humans feel the need for food and water, avoid pain and so on. But they are also capable of having long-term plans which are more difficult to understand.
Drives 
A drive or desire is a deficiency or need that activates behaviour aimed at a goal or an incentive.

Drives may arise inside or outside an organism. External drives for humans are rewards and punishments, and can be quite subtle: a frown or a smile may be sufficient for a young person.

Drives often occur within the individual and may not need external stimuli to encourage the behaviour. An example is the sexual drive which is driven by our hormone system. The desire for sex is wired deep into the brain of all human beings as glands secrete hormones that travel through the blood to the brain and stimulates the onset of sexual desire. The process is started by the brain's hypothalamus, which releases pulses of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). This starts a whole chain of reactions which we call "puberty". Longer term, the hormone supporting male sex drive is testosterone, and for women testosterone and oestrogen.
By contrast, outside rewards and stimuli are used in training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when the treat is removed from the process. Children are motivated to learn by approval of friendly adults, and by their own pleasure at success.

Emotions and unconscious motivation 
Motivation and emotion are intertwined: "Emotional states tend to have motivational properties".

Not all motivated behaviour is the result of conscious decisions. Freudian psychology suggests that much behaviour is motivated by "unconscious factors, working through a network of defence mechanisms, symbolic disguises and psychological cloaks".

References 

Psychology
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), or Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), is a hormone synthesized and released from neurons in the hypothalamus.

GnRH occurs in all vertebrates. This single hormone controls all the complex processes which prepare the male and female for successful reproduction.

GnRH releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. 

GnRH activity is very low during childhood, and is activated at puberty or adolescence. During the reproductive years, it is critical for successful reproductive function as controlled by feedback loops. However, once a pregnancy is established, GnRH activity is not required. 

Hormones
Proteins
Pregnancy and childbirth
Southern hip hop (also known as Southern rap, South Coast hip hop, or dirty south) is a type of hip hop music that comes from the Southern United States. 

Many early Southern rap artists released their music independently or on mixtapes after finding it difficult to obtain record-label contracts in the 1990s. By the early 2000s, many Southern artists had achieved national success. Over the decade, Southern hip-hop varieties, both mainstream and underground, have become among the most popular and influential of the entire genre.

In 2003 a documentary movie called Dirty States of America: The Untold Story of Southern Hip-Hop was released.

Notable Southern hip hop artists 
 Lil Wayne
 Ludacris
 Gucci Mane
 Birdman
 2 Chainz
 Vanilla Ice
 T.I.
 Young Buck
 Migos
 Three Six Mafia
 Outkast
 Killer Mike
 UGK
 Scarface
 Flo Rida
 Chamillionaire
 Jeezy
 Rick Ross

References 

Hip hop genres
Ole Ernst (16 May 1940 – 1 September 2013) was a Danish actor. He appeared on many movies and television shows from 1967 to 2013. He starred in the 1983 movie Der er et yndigt land. It won an Honourable Mention at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival.

Ernst died on 1 September 2013, aged 73, from undisclosed causes.

References

Other websites

1940 births
2013 deaths
Danish movie actors
Danish television actors
Danish stage actors
Actors from Copenhagen
Ronald Harry Coase (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist. He was a Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School. Coase won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991.

Early life
Ronald Harry Coase was born in Willesden, Middlesex, on 29 December 1910. As a child, Coase had a weakness in his legs, which is why he had to wear leg-irons.

Education
Due to this problem, he attended the school for physical defectives. At the age of 12, he was able to enter at the Kilburn Grammar School on scholarship. Coase attended the London School of Economics, where he received a bachelor of commerce degree in 1932.

Career
After studying with the University of London External Programme in 1927–29, Coase entered the London School of Economics, where he took courses with Arnold Plant. He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991.

Coase became the oldest living Nobel laureate before his death in 2013.
Personal life
Coase was married to Marian Hartung from 1937 until his death in 2013. They had no children.

Death
Coase died in Chicago, Illinois on 2 September 2013 from natural causes. He was 102 years old.

References

Other websites
 Coase Institute
 "Looking for Results" , interview in Reason by Thomas W. Hazlett
 2003 Coase Centennial Speech delivered by Coase (500MB QuickTime file, recommend downloading video before watching)
 Schumpeter "Why do Firms Exist?",  Economist, 16 December 2010.
 Russ Roberts's "Coase on Externalities, the Firm, and the State of Economics" from the Library of Economics and Liberty

1910 births
2013 deaths
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British Nobel Prize winners
English centenarians
English historians
British economists
Writers from Middlesex
Frederik George Pohl, Jr. (November 26, 1919 – September 2, 2013) was an American science fiction writer, editor and fan. His career has spanned over seventy-five years — from his first published work, the 1937 poem "Elegy to a Dead Satellite: Luna", through the 2011 novel All the Lives He Led and articles and essays published in 2012.

Pohl was born on November 26, 1919, in New York City, New York. His family moved to Brooklyn when Pohl was around seven.

Pohl studied at Brooklyn Technical High School, but dropped out at the age of 17. Pohl was married to Judith Merril from 1949 until they divorced in 1953. They had one child. He married Carol Metallica in 1952; they divorced in 1982. He was married to Elizabeth Ann Hull from 1984 until his death in 2013.

Pohl died on September 2, 2013, in Palatine, Illinois from respiratory failure, aged 93.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Frederik Pohl entry at NNDB
 Frederik Pohl Papers
 Locus Interview with Pohl, 2000
1919 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Illinois
American editors
Writers from New York City
Valérie Benguigui (6 November 1965 – 2 September 2013) was a French actress and theater director. She took acting classes at the Cours Florent and the National Chaillot Theatre School. Her first movie role was in Francis Huster's On a volé Charlie Spencer (1986).

Benguigui was born on 6 November 1965 in Paris, France. She was married to Eric Wapler until her death in 2013. They had two children. Benguigui died on 2 September 2013 from breast cancer in her Paris home, aged 47.

References

Other websites
 

1965 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Paris
Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from breast cancer
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
Soteriology is the branch of theology dealing with salvation

Related pages
History of salvation
Salvation (Christianity)
Arminianism
Calvinism
Catholicism

Other websites
Bible.org on Soteriology

Theology
Remy or Rémy is a French name. It might mean:

 Pont-Remy, a French commune in Picardie
 Rémy, a French commune in Pas-de-Calais
 Remy, Oise
 Remy, Oklahoma
 Remy Zero, a musical group
 Remy, the main character from the movie Ratatouille
 Remy hair, a type of hair exensions

Remy is a name of an annoying boy he is totally not french Go on to simple Isabelle it will be a bad report but it is all fake sorry about this little dushbag he has a weird name od not name your child this or yourself
Developmental coordination disorder is a chronic disability that affects coordination. It is also known as developmental motor coordination disorder, developmental dyspraxia or dyspraxia. Around 2-6% of people have dyspraxia. Four times as many males than females have it. It is sometimes called 'clumsy child syndrome', but adults have it too. Most people with dyspraxia have other disabilities such as ADHD or autism And Hypermobility.  

There is no single cause of dyspraxia. It may not appear until later in childhood or sometimes even in adolescence. It cannot be cured: people who have it will live with it for life, however people are able to overcome it and find alternative ways to accomplish tasks which may usually be difficult without support.

Signs
Signs

Difficulty tying shoelaces
Difficulty running, crouching and climbing stairs   
Poor coordination
Untidiness
Incorrect way of running
Self-care difficulties
Messy eating
Not doing well in Physical Education classes
Inability to ride a bike, jump rope and spin a hoop
Not alternating feet when going on stairs

Associated disorders 
People who have developmental coordination disorder may also have one or more of these conditions:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsive behaviour).
Autism spectrum disorder
Dyscalculia (difficulty with mathematics),
Dysgraphia (an inability to write neatly and/or draw),
Dyslexia (difficulty with reading and spelling),
Hypotonia (low muscle tone)
Sensory processing disorder
Specific language impairment (SLI)
Visual perception deficits

Famous people with dyspraxia
Daniel Radcliffe has dyspraxia.

References

Other websites
Dyspraxia Foundation website 
Dyspraxia Yahoo Group 

Disability
James Lance Bass (born May 4, 1979) is an American pop singer, dancer, actor, film and television producer, and author. He grew up in Mississippi and became famous as a singer in the American pop boy band NSYNC. NSYNC's success led Bass to work in film and television. He starred in the 2001 film On the Line, which his company, Bacon & Eggs, also produced. Bass later formed a second production company, Lance Bass Productions, as well as a now-defunct music management company, Free Lance Entertainment, with Mercury Records. In 2006 he came out as gay. Bass has Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. A book that Bass wrote about his life so far, Out of Sync, was published in 2007. In September 2013 Bass became engaged to Michael Turchin.

Discography 
*NSYNC (1998)
No Strings Attached (2000)
Celebrity (2001)

References
References

1979 births
Living people
Actors from Mississippi
American LGBT people
American pop musicians
American television producers
Gay men
LGBT singers
Musicians from Mississippi
NSYNC members
Space tourists
Ian "H" Watkins (born 8 May 1976) is a Welsh singer, dancer and actor. He was born in Cwmparc. He is best known for being a member of the British pop group Steps. He has said that "H" stands for "hyperactive", describing his character.

After Steps broke up in 2001, he formed a singing duo with Claire Richards, who was also a Steps member. They released their music under the name H & Claire.

In January 2007 he came out as gay. In the same month, he was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother.

References

1976 births
Living people
Actors from Glamorgan
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT dancers
LGBT singers
Musicians from Glamorgan
Welsh pop singers
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is a NASA spacecraft. It launched on August 12, 2005 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. It arrived at Mars on March 10, 2006. It went into orbit around Mars, and has been studying the planet since then. The main area of study is looking for water on Mars, under the surface of Mars, and in the atmosphere of Mars. To do this, it has the largest telescope ever sent to another planet. The orbiter also works as a communications satellite. Its powerful antennas send and receive messages between NASA on Earth, and rovers on the surface of Mars.

References 

NASA spacecraft
Spacecrafts launched in 2000s
2005 in technology
Pippi Longstocking () is a fictional character who originally appeared in a series of children's books by Swedish author Astrid Lindgren. The character has since adapted into several movies and television series. Pippi means "quirky" in old Swedish slang. She was named by Lindgren's daughter Karin, who was nine years old at the time. She had asked for a story from her mother one day when she was home sick from school.

Pippi is an unusual and spirited nine-year-old girl. She has superhuman strength, and is easily able to lift her horse with one hand. She often mocks and tricks adults she encounters; she usually reserves her worst behaviour for the most condescending adults. Pippi only really gets angry when someone treats her horse badly. Like Peter Pan, Pippi does not want to grow up. She is the daughter of a pirate captain and has adventurous tales to tell. She has four best friends: her horse, a monkey, and the neighbour's children Tommy and Annika.
The first three Pippi Longstocking books were published by Rabén and Sjögren from 1945 to 1948. Another series of six books were published between 1969 and 1975. Two final stories were printed in 1979 and 2000. The books have been translated into 64 languages.

Books
There are three full-length Pippi Longstocking books:
 Pippi Longstocking (1945)
 Pippi Goes on Board (1946)
 Pippi in the South Seas (1948)

There were three original picture books that were translated into English:
 Pippi on the Run (1971)
 Pippi's After Christmas Party (1950)
 Pippi Longstocking in the Park (2001)

There are many picture books and short books based on parts of chapters from the original three, including:
 Pippi Goes to School (1999)
 Pippi Goes to the Circus (1999)
 Pippi's Extraordinarily Ordinary Day (1999)

Adaptations
Adaptations

Movies
The first movie about Pippi Longstocking was filmed in 1949. The movie was based on three of the books, but several storylines were changed and characters were removed and added. Pippi's character was played by Viveca Serlachius. It was directed by Per Gunvall and released on October 20, 1950.

An American movie version from Columbia Pictures was released in 1988. It was called The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking, although it actually just retold the original story. The movie was directed by British director Ken Annakin. It starring Tami Erin as Pippi with Eileen Brennan, Dennis Dugan, John Schuck and Dick Van Patten in supporting roles.

Television
Television

Shirley Temple's Storybook episode
In 1961, the NBC children's television series Shirley Temple's Storybook showed an episode about Pippi Longstocking. It was the 15th episode in the show's 2nd season. The 60-minute episode first aired on 8 January 1961. The episode is historically important. It was the first time a child played Pippi in a television or movie adaptation, the first American television or movie adaptation of the book, and the first television or movie adaptation of the book in color.

The episode stars (among others) child actor Gina Gillespie as Pippi Longstocking, Renie Riano as schoolteacher Miss Lindquist, and Tor Johnson as circus strongman Mighty Adolf. Pippi defeats bullies and burglars, and out-performs a circus strongman. The episode has been released to DVD.
1969 television series
A Swedish television series, Pippi Longstocking, was created in 1968. The stories were based on the books. The first episode was broadcast on Sveriges Radio TV in February 1969. It was a co-production between Sweden and West Germany. Several German actors had roles in the series. Inger Nilsson played Pippi.

Astrid Lindgren had been unhappy with the 1949 adaptation. She wrote the script herself for this version. The series was directed by Olle Hellbom who also directed several other Astrid Lindgren adaptations. This version is the most well-known version in Sweden and other European countries.

Soviet television movie
A television movie version, Peppi Dlinnyychulok, was released in 1982 by Mosfilm. It was produced by Margaret Mikalan, and starred Mikhail Boyarsky, Lev Durov and Tatiana Vasilieva. Pippi was played by Svetlana Stupak, and her singing voice was provided by Svetlana Stepchenko.
ABC Weekend Special television special
In 1985, Carrie Kei Heim played Pippi in the ABC Weekend Special called Pippi Longstocking. It was directed by Colin Chilvers. It was shown in two parts: on November 2 and November 9.

References

More reading

Other websites

The home of Pippi Longstocking
Pippi Longstocking and Astrid Lindgren

Movie characters
Television characters
Characters in written fiction
The Cherokee are a Native American tribe from the United States.

Cherokee might also mean:

Cherokee, Iowa
Cherokee, Oklahoma
Cherokee County, Alabama
Cherokee County, North Carolina
Cherokee County, Oklahoma
Cherokee Village, Arkansas
The Black Eye Galaxy (or Sleeping Beauty Galaxy; Messier 64, M64, Evil Eye Galaxy or NGC 4826) was discovered in 1779. It is a fairly close galaxy, just over 24 million light years away.

It has a spectacular dark band of absorbing dust in front of its bright nucleus. This is why it is called the "Black Eye" or "Evil Eye" galaxy. M64 is well known among amateur astronomers because it can be seen in small telescopes. It is a spiral galaxy in the Coma Berenices constellation.

Galactic collision 
The gas in the outer areas of M64 rotates in the opposite direction to the gas and stars in the inner areas. The inner area has a radius of only about 3,000 light-years, while the outer area extends another 40,000 light-years  Many new stars are near the edges between the two areas.
Astronomers think the oppositely rotating gas happened when M64 took in a galaxy that collided with it. This happened over a billion years ago. New stars are forming in the shear region. The shear region is where the oppositely rotating gases collide, are pushed together, and get smaller. 

The image shows hot, blue young stars that have just been made. There are pink clouds of glowing hydrogen gas that fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light from newly made stars. The small galaxy that collided with M64 has now been almost completely destroyed. Its stars are either in the main galaxy or scattered into intergalactic space. The motion of gas at the outer edge of M64 is a sign of the ancient collision.

Reference 

Spiral galaxies
Centaurus A or NGC 5128 is a prominent galaxy in the constellation  of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop at his home in  New South Wales, Australia. 

NGC 5128 is either a Hubble type lenticular galaxy or a elliptical galaxy. It is 1016 million light-years away.

NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth. Its active center has been well studied. The galaxy is the fifth brightest in the sky, and is an ideal amateur astronomy target. The galaxy is only visible from low northern latitudes and the southern hemisphere.

Spitzer Space Telescope studies have confirmed that Centaurus A is colliding with, and devouring, a smaller spiral galaxy. Like other starburst galaxies, the collision produced the intense burst of star formation.
The center of the galaxy has a supermassive black hole. Its mass is about 55 million solar masses. This ejects a relativistic jet with emissions in the X-ray and radio wavelengths. Astronomers have taken radio observations of the jet ten years apart. They found that the inner parts of the jet are moving at about half the speed of light. X-rays are produced further out as the jet collides with surrounding gas. This produces highly energetic particles. The radio jets of Centaurus A are over a million light years long.

References 

Starburst galaxies
Marble Arch is a white Carrara marble monument which is on a large traffic island. It is at the junction of Oxford Street, Park Lane, and Edgware Road, almost directly opposite Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park in the City of Westminster, London.

Historically, only members of the royal family and the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, have been allowed to pass through the arch in ceremonial procession.

The name "Marble Arch" today usually refers to the area in West London where the arch is, at the southern end of Edgware Road. There is also a Marble Arch underground station nearby.

History

Until 1851 it stood in front of Buckingham Palace. The arch was designed in 1825 by John Nash as a ceremonial entrance to the courtyard of the new Buckingham Palace. He was rebuilding the palace from the former Buckingham House. The palace, as designed by Nash, was laid out around three sides of the courtyard, with the Marble Arch placed on its open eastern side.

References
References 

Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Grade I listed buildings in London
The thou (abbreviation th) or mil (mainly United States) is a unit of length in the Imperial System and the United States Customary Units. It is equal to  of an inch. This is not to be confused with the old form of "you".

Etymology 
Thou comes from the Germanic languages, a shortening of thousandth.

Mil comes from the Romance languages, a shortening of mille.

History 
The thou was introduced in 1844 by Joseph Whitworth as a substitute to traditional fractions such as     which cannot be defined simply in hundredths unlike  (0.25) or  (0.5). Traditional fractions continued to be used, as they were a substantial part of other units of length.

Length

Usage 

The thou is used in engineering and manufacturing mostly.

Units of length
Imperial units
Knock Madness is the third studio album by American rapper Hopsin. It was released on November 24, 2013 through Funk Volume. It has so far been supported by the singles "Old Friend", "Hop Is Back", and "Rip Your Heart Out" featuring Tech N9ne.

The album debuted at #132 on the Billboard 200 and sold 4,000 copies in the United States. A week after it was released, the album rose to #76 on the Billboard 200 and sold 12,000 more copies.

References

2013 albums
Hip hop albums
The Yard (abbreviation yd, plural sometimes yds)  is a unit of length in the Imperial System and United States Customary Units.

The word "yard" comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for a straight rod.

History 

A yard has always been 3 feet, although the length of a foot has changed frequently throughout history. In 1959, the International Yard and Pound Agreement was signed between the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, the United States, New Zealand and Canada. It was defined as 0.9144 metres. The United States continued to use the old yard under the name 'Survey Yard'

Length

Usage 

Roadsigns in the United Kingdom are in miles and yards, rarely in Canada and the Republic of Ireland. It can also be used as a measure of area (square yard) and as a measure of volume (cubic yard). It is also used to measure pitches and fields for a number of sports that originated from English speaking countries. It finds seldom use in other metricated Commonwealth Nations.

Units of length
Imperial units
Shohreh Solati (, born Fatemeh Solati on January 4, 1959, in Tehran) is an Iranian singer. She is among the most active and prolific Iranian female singers. Since the Iranian Revolution, she has continued her music career outside the country.

She is divorced with a daughter and lives in Los Angeles, California.

Discography

Videography
Shohreh Live in Canada
Best of Shohreh and Shahram
Best of Shohreh #1
Best of Shohreh #2
Zan Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Ghesseh Goo Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Nemizaram Beri Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Atr Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Safar Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Pishooni Album Videos (Selected Videos)
Havas Album Videos (Selected Videos)

References

Other websites
Shohreh's official website
Iran Song discography 

1959 births
Living people
Iranian singers
People from Tehran
Godzilla is a 2014 action adventure science fiction monster movie. It is based on the Japanese movie monster of the same name. It is the second Godzilla movie to be made by an American movie studio, after the 1998 movie of the same name. It retells how Godzilla got started in the modern day as a "terrifying force of nature". It was produced by Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. Pictures, and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures worldwide (except in Japan, where it was distributed by Toho). It was released on May 16, 2014.

Plot
The movie has Godzilla fight against giant monsters called MUTOs who put the Earth in danger.
Cast
 Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Lieutenant Ford Brody 
 Bryan Cranston as Joe Brody
 Elizabeth Olsen as Elle Brody
 Ken Watanabe as Dr. Ishiro Serizawa
 Juliette Binoche as Sandra Brody
 David Strathairn as Admiral William Stenz
 Richard T. Jones as a military figure "The Colonel"
 Victor Rasuk as Tre Morales
 Akira Takarada (unknown role)
 Sally Hawkins as a scientist
 Yuki Morita as Akio
 CJ Adams as Young Ford
 Jared Keeso as Jump Master
 Patrick Sabongui as Master Sergeant Marcus Waltz
 Al Sapienza as Huddleston
 Brian Markinson as Whalen

Future
The movie's success prompted Toho to produce a reboot of its own and Legendary to proceed with sequels and a shared cinematic franchise, with Godzilla: King of the Monsters set to be released in 2019 and Godzilla vs. Kong to be released in 2020 with Godzilla set to battle with King Kong from Kong: Skull Island (2017).

References

Other websites
 Godzilla Encounter 
 Godzilla (2014) Movie News
2014 action movies
2014 science fiction movies
2014 adventure movies
2010s American action movies
2010s American adventure movies
American science fiction movies
2010s English-language movies
Godzilla
MonsterVerse
Reboot movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies about dinosaurs
Movies about nuclear technology
Movies set on islands
Movies set in Japan
Movies set in Hawaii
Movies set in San Francisco
Apocalyptic movies
Anguirus is a fictional monster who appears in movies in the Godzilla series. He is a very large, mutated ankylosaurus. He first appeared in Godzilla Raids Again, a 1955 kaiju movie from Toho Studios. He was the first monster that Godzilla fought against. Since then, he has fought with Godzilla against stronger monsters who put the Earth in danger. This makes him one of Godzilla's most trusted allies.

Movie appearances 
 Godzilla Raids Again (1955)
 Destroy All Monsters (1968)
 All Monsters Attack (1969) (stock footage)
 Godzilla vs. Gigan (1972)
 Godzilla vs. Megalon (1973)
 Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla (1974)
 Godzilla Island (1997)
 Godzilla: Final Wars (2004)

Monsters
Godzilla
Fictional dinosaurs
The displays
Seven of the rooms in the first building show European art, and ten rooms show Russian art. European art includes artworks of Italian (Guercino, Leandro Bassano, Francesco Solimena, Lorenzo Bartolini), French (Jules Dupré, Gaspard Dughet, Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant), Dutch/Flemish (Frans Hals, Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, Adriaen Brouwer, Adriaen van Ostade, Justus Sustermans, Pieter Claesz), German (Johann Heinrich Roos, Fritz August Kaulbach) and Polish (Jan Styka) painters.

The second building built in 1885 houses Eastern art, represented particularly by Persian, Turkish, Chinese and Japanese art. Russian art is represented notably by paintings of Karl Briullov, Alexey Venetsianov, Vasily Vereshchagin, Isaac Levitan, Vladimir Makovsky, Valentin Serov, Vladimir Borovikovsky, Vasily Tropinin, Konstantin Korovin and Ivan Shishkin. There are also restored artworks of Russian avant-garde.
Among Azerbaijani artists represented are painters Mir Mohsun Navvab, Bahruz Kangarli, Tair Salakhov, Azim Azimzade, Salam Salamzade, Vidadi Narimanbekov, Mikail Abdullayev, Togrul Narimanbekov and sculptor Omar Eldarov. The works of Sattar Bahlulzade fill one entire room. 

The museum also holds easel and book miniatures of 17th-19th centuries, lacquered (varnished) miniatures of 18th-19th centuries and collection of sherbet spoons, made from mulberry tree.

The first works were acquired from Saint-Petersburg, Moscow and private collections. The museum expositions were later shown in Canada (1966), Cuba (1967), Syria (1968), France (1969), former Czechoslovakia, Algeria (both 1970), Iraq (1971) etc. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 until 18:00.

References

Other websites

 Museum's overview (Bakupages.com)

Museums in Baku
Art museums
National museums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baku
1936 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Azerbaijan
Antonino Rocca (born Antonino Biasetton, April 13, 1927 – March 15, 1977) was an Italian professional wrestler.

Career
He was trained by professional wrestler Stanislaus Zbyszko in Argentina. During his professional wrestling career, he was known for his unique, acrobatic, off-the-ground, flying wrestling style.

Rocca was responsible for the revival of the New York City Metropolitan-Area territory in the late 1940s which would eventually become part of the modern World Wrestling Entertainment. Rocca would become one of the most well-known wrestlers in America during the golden age of television and had an uninterrupted seven-year run of headlining or co-headlining every main-event at the Garden. Aside from singles competition, Rocca had a successful tag team career with Miguel Pérez. Both Rocca and Pérez were known for drawing huge crowds to Madison Square Garden on a regular basis.
After he was demoted, and because of the arrival of Buddy Rogers as the featured star at MSG in 1961, he left the WWWF and briefly set up a competing promotion (which was supported by Jim Crockett, Sr. and others) based at the Sunnyside arena in Queens, NY but it was believed to have failed and it shut down. During the mid-1970s, he teamed up with Vince McMahon to handle the color commentary on the WWWF's weekly television show. On February 25, 1977, he made an appearance with World Wide Wrestling Federation and officiated a boxing match between Gorilla Monsoon and André the Giant at the famed Madison Square Garden.

Rocca died on March 15, 1977, at Roosevelt Hospital in New York City after suffering complications following an infection. In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Kevin Nash.
Championships
American Wrestling Association (Montreal)
AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Montreal version) (one time)
American Wrestling Association (Ohio)
AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Ohio version) (one time)
Stampede Wrestling
Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame
NWA Capitol Wrestling
NWA World Tag Team Championship (Capitol version) (one time) (with Miguel Pérez)
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Northeast version) (one time) (with Miguel Pérez)
Southwest Sports, Inc.
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (two times)
World Wrestling Council
WWC North American Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Miguel Pérez)
World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation
WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)CWC/WWWF International Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum (Class of 2003)Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards'''
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

References

Other websites
WWE Hall of Fame profile
1927 births
1977 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in New York City
Professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Veneto
WWE Hall of Fame
Atoms and molecules had long been theorised as the main parts of matter. Albert Einstein published a paper in 1905 that explained in precise detail how the motion that Brown had observed was a result of the pollen being moved by individual water molecules. This was one of his first big contributions to science, and convinced many scientists that atoms and molecules exist.  It was further verified experimentally by Jean Perrin in 1908.  The direction of the force of atomic bombardment is constantly changing, and at different times the particle is hit more on one side than another, leading to the seemingly random nature of the motion.
There are too many molecular impacts making the Brownian pattern, so no scientific model can account for all of them. That is why only probabilistic models of molecular populations can be used to describe it.  Two such models of the statistical mechanics were made by Einstein and Smoluchowski.  Another, pure probabilistic kind of models are stochastic process models.  There exist both simpler and more complicated stochastic processes which in extreme ("taken to the limit") may describe the Brownian Motion (see random walk and Donsker's theorem).

Norbert Wiener also studied Brownian Movement, with greater mathematical precision.

History

The Roman Lucretius's scientific poem "On the Nature of Things" (c. 60 BC) has a description of Brownian motion of dust particles in verses 113–140 from Book II.  He uses this to help people know for sure of the existence of atoms:
"Observe what happens when sunlight is let into a building and small building light on its shadowy places. You will see an amount of tiny particles moving in an amount of ways..."

While Jan Ingenhousz described the strange motion of coal dust particles on the top of alcohol in 1785, the discovery of this is often given to the botanist Robert Brown in 1827. Brown was studying pollen grains of the plant Clarkia pulchella suspended in water under a microscope when he observed minute particles, ejected by the pollen grains, executing a jittery motion. By repeating the experiment with particles of inorganic matter he was able to rule out that the motion was life-related, although its origin was not known yet.
The first person to describe the mathematics behind Brownian motion was Thorvald N. Thiele in a paper on the method of least squares published in 1880. This was followed by Louis Bachelier in 1900 in his PhD thesis "The Theory of Speculation", in which he presented an analysis of the stock and option markets. The Brownian motion model of the stock market is often used, but Benoit Mandelbrot denied its applicability to stock price movements.

Albert Einstein (in one of his 1905 papers) and Marian Smoluchowski (1906) brought the solution of the problem to the attention of physicists, and presented it as a way to indirectly confirm the existence of atoms and molecules. Their equations describing Brownian motion were checked by the experimental work of Jean Baptiste Perrin in 1908.  Perrin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926 "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter".

References 

1827
Albert Einstein
Basic physics ideas
Physics
The University of New Haven is a private and nonsectarian university within West Haven, Connecticut, which borders the much larger city of New Haven. The university was established in 1920 and given the name University of New Haven in 1970.

Colleges and universities in Connecticut
1920 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Connecticut
Kylie is the first album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue, released on 4 July 1988. The album was produced by Stock, Aitken and Waterman, who also wrote nine of the ten songs. Mostly a dance-pop album, it also contains many bubblegum pop elements.

Track listing 
All songs written and produced by Mike Stock, Matt Aitken and Pete Waterman, except where noted.

Other websites 
Kylie Minogue official website

Kylie Minogue albums
1988 albums
A monster movie (also called a creature feature or giant monster movie) is a movie with humans trying to stay alive in attacks by very large monsters. Monster movies can fit in the horror, fantasy, or science fiction genres. In Japan, large monsters are called kaiju.

In many monster movies, the monster is created by humans because of something such as a bad experiment, the effects of radiation, or the destruction of habitat. Since the 1953 movie The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms, many monster movies have shown the monster being created by nuclear warfare. One of the most well-known movie monsters, Godzilla, was created by a nuclear weapon. Godzilla has appeared in 28 movies and has become a cultural icon in Japan.

References

Movie genres
The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms is a 1953 science fiction monster movie. It was released on June 13, 1953, by Premier Productions. It was produced by Warner Bros. It made over $5 million, including $2.25 million in the United States in its first year.

The movie was the first movie to show a monster being woken up or created by an explosion from an atomic bomb. Its success helped cause the creation of more monster movies in the 1950s such as Godzilla.

Plot
An atomic bomb test in the Arctic Circle wakes up a sleeping dinosaur, the fictional Rhedosaurus. After being woken up, it destroys New York City before being killed at Coney Island.

Cast

 Paul Christian as Professor Tom Nesbitt
 Paula Raymond as Lee Hunter
 Cecil Kellaway as Dr. Thurgood Elson
 Kenneth Tobey as Colonel Jack Evans
 Donald Woods as Captain Phil Jackson
 Ross Elliott as George Ritchie
 Steve Brodie as Sgt. Loomis
Jack Pennick as Jacob Bowman
 Michael Fox as ER doctor
 Lee Van Cleef as Corporal Jason Stone
 Frank Ferguson as Dr. Morton
 King Donovan as Dr. Ingersoll
 James Best as Charlie, radar operator

References

Other websites
 

Monster movies
1953 science fiction movies
1950s English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
The Transkei (meaning the area beyond the river Kei), officially the Republic of Transkei was a Bantustan—an area for members of a specific ethnicity. It was in the southeastern region of South Africa. Its capital was Umtata (renamed Mthatha in 2004). President of South Africa Nelson Mandela was born here.

References

Bantustans
Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa. Xhosa is spoken by 7.6 million people, or about 18% of the South African population. Xhosa is written using a Latin alphabet. Henry Hare Dugmore helped translate the entire Bible in Xhosa language. Xhosa has ten vowels.

Xhosa is well known for its set of three major clicks.

References

Languages of South Africa
Bantu languages
The Thembu are a tribe that was made to fall under the subgroup of the Xhosa people during the Apartheid period . They are one of the handful of nation groups that speak IsiXhosa in South Africa. In Xhosa the name is abaThembu, aba- being a common prefix for peoples. The current reigning King of the abathembu is King  Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo  whose praise name is Zwelibanzi. The most recognizable Thembu person in Nelson Mandela. The traditional homeland of the Thembu is called Thembuland.

Ethnic groups in South Africa
The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was an important university for black Africans from 1916 to 1959. 

It offered a Western-style, academically excellent education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating a black African elite. Nelson Mandela studied at the university during his early years before leading a group of students on a political strike and getting expelled.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Fort Hare
Eastern Cape
The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) is a part of the African National Congress for younger people. It was founded in 1944 by Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu. They created the foundation to put an end to apartheid in Africa.

The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was established on 2 April 1944, by Anton Lambede (who became the League’s first President), Nelson Mandela, Ashby Mda, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo. They were joined by, Duma Nokwe, B Masekela, Ida Mtwa, Lillian Ngoyi, James Njongweni, William Nkomo and Dan Tloome. The aim of the Youth League was to galvanise the youth to step up the fight against segregation within the country. At the time the ANCYL was established, political circumstances in South Africa were tenuous as the ruling United Party was divided about South Africa’s participation in World War II. Four years after the establishment of the Youth League, the United Party’s rule came to an end and the country was subsequently governed by the National Party.
Former leaders
 Fikile Mbalula
 Julius Malema

References

Nationalist organizations in South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Youth organizations
1944 establishments
20th-century establishments in South Africa
The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is a political party in South Africa. Since it was founded it has been led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi. It is currently the fourth largest party in the National Assembly of South Africa. It was very close with the African National Congress.

Political parties in South Africa
A Sit-ski is a sled used by a skier with paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.  It is made from fiberglass. Early sit-skis looked like kayaks and had metal edges.

Sit-skis are used for para-Nordic skiing and para-alpine skiing.  If the sit-ski has one ski, it is sometimes name a mono-ski.  If a sit-ski has two skis, it is sometimes called a bi-ski.  Skiers first used bi-skis in para-alpine skiing before using mono-skis.  Mono-skis allow skiers to ski using the same way that people who stand ski down a hill.

Sit-ski users use outrigger skis.  In para-Nordic skiing, a sit-skier may use a normal ski pole that is not as long as one people standing up to ski would use.

When skiers first learn to ski, their teacher may be connected to them on a tether until the skier can control the sit-ski on their own.

References 

Skiing equipment
A mono-ski is a sled used by a skier with paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.  Mono-skis are used only in para-alpine skiing.  People who use mono-skis need good balance to stop themselves from falling over.  The mono-ski has a chair with one ski attached to the bottom.

People first used mono-skis in 1985 in the United States.  Mono-skis allow skiers to ski using the same way that people who stand ski down a hill.

Mono-skis have a hydraulic lift.  This makes it easier for a skier to get in and out of the mono-ski.

References 

Skiing equipment
This article lists the most distant things known to us, all of which are galaxies or energy sources inside galaxies. Their distances are described in two ways. redshift = z, and billion light years (Gly).

As of 2012, there are only about 50 possible objects z=8 or farther, and another 100 z=7 candidates. Candidates vary in their notability, so not everything is included here. 1 Gly = 1 billion light-years = 109 ly.

 UDFy-38135539 is the furthest confirmed object (spectroscopically analysed) at 13.1 Gly.

Related pages 

 Galaxy
 List of galaxies
 IC 1101: the largest known galaxy, with about 100 trillion stars.

References 

Galaxies
Astronomy lists
A double play is a play in baseball. It is when two outs are performed in one playing action. Double plays are called "the pitcher's best friend", because they cause more problems for offenses than any other plays. The most common type of double play is when there is a player on first base and a ground ball is hit toward the middle of the infield.

Baseball