Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Charles David Hood Jr. (April 24, 1954 – March 15, 2019) was a Republican politician. He was a Judge on the Seventh Judicial Circuit of Florida. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives representing the 25th District from 2012 to 2014. Hood Jr. was born near Leesville, Louisiana.

Hood Jr. died on March 15, 2019 in Ormond Beach, Florida from brain cancer, aged 64.

References

Other websites
Florida House of Representatives - Dave Hood, Jr.
Judges of the Seventh Judicial Circuit - Judge C. David Hood Jr. 
Judge Hood Sues to Eliminate Opponent From Ballot

1954 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
State legislators of the United States
American judges
Politicians from Florida
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Wiesław Kilian (25 July 1952 – 15 March 2019) was a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005 getting 7,524 votes in Wrocław. He was a member of the Law and Justice. He joined Poland Comes First when that party split from Law and Justice in 2010. He was re-elected to the Sejm in 2010 and served until his death.

Kilian died on 15 March 2019 in Warsaw from cardiac arrest, aged 66.

References

Other websites
Wiesław Kilian - parliamentary page  - includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.

1952 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Polish politicians
Jorge Insunza Becker (21 April 1936 – 17 March 2019) was a Chilean communist politician. He was member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile between 1969 until 1973. He went into exile. He was responsible for the propaganda of the Salvador Allende Command.

Insunza Becker died on 17 March 2019 from a stroke in Santiago de Chile, aged 82.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Chilean politicians
Communists
Chilean engineers
Zephire Andre Williams (November 1, 1936 – March 17, 2019) was an American R&B musician. He started his career in the 1950s at Fortune Records in Detroit. His most famous songs include the hits "Jail Bait," "Greasy Chicken," "Bacon Fat" (1957) and "Cadillac Jack" (1966). He was known for his R&B hit "Shake a Tail Feather". He was born in Bessemer, Alabama.

In 2012, Williams was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame. 

Williams died from colorectal cancer in Chicago, Illinois on March 17, 2019 at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
 Andre Williams on Bloodshot Records 
 Full Discography
 In The Red Records
 3voor12.nl (show on dutch radio in 2001)
 Indiezone.de (review of Augsburg show in 2006) 

1936 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Cancer deaths in Chicago
American R&B musicians
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Musicians from Alabama
Musicians from Detroit
Charles Byron Harmon (April 23, 1924 – March 19, 2019) was an American professional baseball utility player in Major League Baseball. He was born in Washington, Indiana. Harmon played for the Cincinnati Redlegs (1954–1956), St. Louis Cardinals (1956–1957) and Philadelphia Phillies (1957). He batted and threw right-handed.

Harmon died on March 19, 2019 in Golf Manor, Ohio at the age of 94.

References

Sources

 Chuck Harmon Official Site
 Baseball Library
 Center for Negro League Baseball Research
 Cincinnati Historical Society Library 
 Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame

1924 births
2019 deaths
Cincinnati Reds players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sportspeople from Indiana
Sportspeople from Ohio
Golf Manor is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,611 at the 2010 census. Golf Manor is located at  (39.187109, -84.446365).

References

Villages in Ohio
Marlen Martynovich Khutsiev (; 4 October 1925 – 19 March 2019) was a Georgian-born Soviet and Russian movie director. He was best known for his cult movies from the 1960s, which include I Am Twenty and July Rain. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1986.

References

Other websites

Russian movie directors
1925 births
2019 deaths
People from Tbilisi
Ransom Joseph "Randy" Jackson (February 10, 1926 – March 20, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) player. He played for the Chicago Cubs (1950–1955), Los Angeles Dodgers (1956–1958; two seasons in Brooklyn, one in Los Angeles), Cleveland Indians (1958–1959), and ended his career back with the Cubs (1959). 

Jackson died at his home in Athens, Georgia on March 20, 2019, aged 93.

References

Other websites
Randy Jackson bio @ WhenitwasaGame.net
Info @ BaseballLibrary.com
Stats @ Baseball-Almanac.com

1926 births
2019 deaths
Brooklyn Dodgers players
Chicago Cubs players
Cleveland Indians players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Sportspeople from Little Rock, Arkansas
Terje Nilsen (26 November 1951 – 20 March 2019) was a Norwegian singer-songwriter. Nilsen's greatest hit is the song "Mjelle", written in 1974, which appeared on the album "Æ" released in 1977.

Nilsen died on 20 March 2019 in Bergen from lung cancer, aged 67.
	
In 2002 he received the Gammleng Award from the The Fund for Performing Artists in Norway.

References

Other websites
 Article in Norsk pop- og rockleksikon (Norwegian encyclopedia for pop and rock) from 2005

1951 births
2019 deaths
Norwegian singers
Norwegian writers
Singer-songwriters
Teuscher is a chocolatier located in Zurich, Switzerland.

Teuscher's main store is on a famous large street in Zurich's called Bahnhofstrasse. The main store is nearby in Zurich's old city centre (Storchengasse 9). This shop was built in 1647.

Teuscher was founded in 1932 by Dolf Teuscher, Sr.. Dolf Teuscher, Jr. now runs the company.  The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is Rafael Rubio. He is Dolf Jr.'s nephew.

The company also has smaller stores around the world. These are in Geneva, Berlin, New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Toronto, Chicago, Portland (Oregon), San Francisco, Palo Alto, Beverly Hills, Newport Beach (California), Tokyo, Singapore, Seoul, Hong Kong, Doha, Shanghai, Baku (Azerbaijan), Almaty (Kazakhstan), Abu Dhabi and Bangkok (Thailand).
The Swiss confectioner (someone who makes sweets) makes more than 200 types of confections and pastries. These are all made by hand. The most famous Teuscher confections are Champagne Truffles. Teuscher was the first company to make such truffles.  They are made with Dom Perignon champagne, butter cream, and dark cream ganache. They use a 66% dark base chocolate. Each is coated in milk chocolate and covered with confectioner's sugar. Sometimes they are covered in dark chocolate with unsweetened cocoa powder.

Teuscher brand also makes many types of pastries and cookies. It also makes dark chocolate from 55% to 99%.

References

Other websites 
Official site

Swiss chocolate companies
Companies based in Zürich
Noto is a font group from Google. They are made to be used in as many different languages as possible. The font has a SIL Open Font License, which means that anyone is free to use the font. Noto fonts in total have more than 60,000 characters.

It also has emojis in this font group. These emojis are used by a lot of Google services.

References 

Fonts
Dentures (also known as false teeth) are meant to solve dental problems of humans. They should not be worn overnight. Famous people who wore them for years include George Washington. The history goes back as early as 7th century BC.

Production
Dentures can be made of different materials, such as acrylic, nylon or metal. Depending on the teeth they replace there are different designs.

How they work
Properly fitted dentures help with speech, eating. They may also boost self-confidence. They can also help to prevent the face from sagging over time and may offer protection to the remaining teeth.

Types 
There are many types of false teeth available. They include partial dentures and full dentures.

All need fitting so that they match your teeth’s shape, size, and color. The fitting can be done by a specialist called a prosthodontist or by a general dentist, many of whom also fit dentures.

References

Dentistry
Francis Anthony Quinn (September 11, 1921 – March 21, 2019) was an American Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1946. He served as the Bishop of the Diocese of Sacramento, California from 1980 to 1993. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Quinn died on March 21, 2019, at the age of 97. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living bishop in the United States.

References

Other websites

 Francis Quinn at Catholic-Hierarchy.org

1921 births
2019 deaths
People from Los Angeles
American Roman Catholic bishops
Noel Sydney Hush  (15 December 1924 – 20 March 2019) was an Australian chemist. He was known for his work at the University of Sydney where he was Head of Theoretical Chemistry. His main focuses were theoretical chemistry, chemical physics and quantum chemistry.

Early life and education 
Hush moved to Britain in 1950, and worked at the University of Manchester and the University of Bristol. He returned to Australia in 1971, and began working at the University of Sydney. He retired in 1989.

Hush was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He died on 20 March 2019, at the age of 94.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Australian scientists
Chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Order of Australia
University of Sydney alumni
University of Sydney faculty
Academics of the University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Bristol
Deo is a town in the Aurangabad district of Indian state of Bihar. It is the district's third-largest town in population, and the third-largest town in area.

Geography
Deo is located at  It has an average elevation of 89 metres (291 feet).

Demographics
 India census, Deo had a population of 171620. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Deo has an average literacy rate of 89%, more than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 61%. In Deo, 29% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Transportation

Local Transport
City buses, auto-rickhaws, taxis, and cycle rickshaws the usual  local transport.

Roadways
Regular bus service is from Deo to  Aurangabad, Patna, TATA, Ranchi, Kolkata, Dhanbad and Goh.

Economy
Deo has a big market for the local area.
Schools and colleges
Maharana Pratap College
Raja Jagnanth Inter College
Brijrani Kumari Kanya Inter College
R.J High School
Girls High School
Sarshwati Shishu Mandir 
T.R Convent
DAV Public School
Vivekanand Mission School

Tourism
Deo Sun Temple is a Hindu temple nearby main road and Deo Market Road. Near the Deo Fort, a fort of Deo King And Deo Fort Near Of Deo Sun Temple Main Road is a Religion place and tourist destination for the All over India.

Health
Deo Govt Hospital Near Old Police Station.
Prema Devi Hospital
Deo Hospital

References

Towns in Bihar
Christopher Livingstone Eubank Sr. (born 8 August 1966) is a British former professional boxer. He competed from 1985 to 1998. He held the WBO middleweight and super-middleweight titles. He is ranked by BoxRec as the third best British super-middleweight boxer of all time. He was known for his skills in being able to take powerful punches. Of his 52 fights, he won 45 (23 by knockout), lost five and drew twice.

Eubank was born in Dulwich, London. He is of Jamaican ancestry. He has been married twice. He has five children. One of his sons, Chris Eubank Jr., is also a professional boxer.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1966 births
Living people
Black British sportspeople
British boxers
Sportspeople from London
Christopher Livingstone Eubank Jr. (born 18 September 1989) is a British professional boxer. He boxes as a super-middleweight and formerly as a middleweight. He has held the IBO super-middleweight title since February 2019, having also held it from 2017 to 2018. He also held the WBA interim and British middleweight titles between 2015 and 2016. He has had 30 pro fights, winning 28 (21 by knockout) and losing twice.

Eubank was born in Hove, East Sussex. He is the son of former two-weight world boxing champion Chris Eubank.

References

Other websites

 

1989 births
Living people
Black British sportspeople
British boxers
Sportspeople from Sussex
Santos Saúl Álvarez Barragán (born 18 July 1990), better known as Saúl "Canelo" Álvarez, is a Mexican professional boxer. Since December 2018, he has been the middleweight world champion of the IBO, WBA and WBC. He is ranked the world's best active boxer, pound for pound, by BoxRec. He is the former WBC and WBA light middleweight champion, former WBC middleweight world champion and former WBO light middleweight champion. He has had 54 pro fights, winning 51 (35 by knockout), losing once and drawing twice. His only loss was to Floyd Mayweather Jr. in 2013.

Álvarez was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco. "Canelo" means cinnamon in Spanish, a common nickname for people with red hair. He has a daughter.

References

Other websites

 

1990 births
Living people
Mexican boxers
Sportspeople from Guadalajara, Jalisco
The Ship of The Dead is the third novel in Rick Riordan's trilogy series Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard, based on Norse mythology.

2017 books
American children's books
Books by Rick Riordan
Empousa or Empusa was a female spirit in Greek mythology. The origin of the figure is unclear. Her mother was probably Hectate. Empousa seems to have been a spirit used to frighten people. In appearance, she probably resembled Mormo and Lamia. She seems to have had the ability to change her appearance or shape (known as shapeshifting).

One of the first to describe her was the Ancient Greek poet Aristophanes, in his comedy The Frogs: When the Greek god Dionisus is on the way to the underworld with his slave Xanthias, Empusa appears in different forms (animals: cow, donkey, dog), and finally as a woman. One of her legs is made of iron, the other is made of cow dung.

Greek legendary creatures
Catwoman is a 2004 superhero-action movie. It was based loosely on the DC Comics character of the same name.

Plot
Artist and graphics designer Patience Phillips is a people-pleaser. Her main support is her best friend Sally. She works for a cosmetics company called Hedare Beauty. They're ready to ship a new skin cream, Beau-line. It reverses the effects of aging. However, Patience overhears the scientist Dr. Ivan Slavicky and Laurel Hedare, the wife of company owner George Hedare, talking of the dangerous side effects from continued use of the skin cream. Laurel's guards discover Patience. They are ordered to get rid of her. Patience is then killed by drowning.

Patience later washes up on shore. She's brought back to life by a cat, the Egyptian Mau. The cat appeared at her apartment earlier. From that point on, she develops cat-like abilities.
From Mau's owner, researcher Ophelia Powers, Patience learns that Egyptian Mau cats are messengers of the goddess Bast. She then realizes she is now a "catwoman". She is reborn with abilities that are a blessing and a curse. She is disguised as Catwoman to hide her identity. Under cover of darkness, Patience looks for answers as to who killed her and why. Her search leads her to Laurel Hedare. Patience asks Laurel to keep an eye on George. Laurel agrees to do so.

When Patience meets George in anger, however, he says that he knows nothing about the side effects. The police, led by Patience's love partner, Detective Tom Lone, come. Catwoman escapes. 

Later, Laurel kills her husband for his infidelity. She had Dr Slavicky killed because he wanted to end the release of Beau-line. She calls Catwoman and blames the murder on her. Tom arrests Catwoman and takes her into custody.
Patience, or Catwoman, slips from her cell and angrily meets Laurel in her office. Patience rescues Tom. Tom questioned Laurel about Patience's guilt in the process. It then becomes obvious that Laurel was the one who killed Patience. 

During a fight, Patience scratches Laurel's face several times. That causes Laurel to fall out a window, then grab a pipe. Laurel falls to her own death.

Patience is cleared of any charges about the deaths of the Hedares and Dr Slavicky. She ends things with Tom. She enjoys her newfound freedom as the mysterious Catwoman.

Cast
Cast

 Halle Berry as Patience Phillips / Catwoman
 Benjamin Bratt as Tom Lone
 Lambert Wilson as George Hedare
 Frances Conroy as Ophelia Powers
 Alex Borstein as Sally
 Sharon Stone as Laurel Hedare
 Kim Smith as Drina
 Michael Massee as Armando
 Byron Mann as Wesley
 Peter Wingfield as Dr. Ivan Slavicky
 Berend McKenzie as Lance
 Ona Grauer as Sandy
 Landy Cannon as Randy
 Benita Ha as Forensics Technician
 Jill Krop as Newscaster
 Dagmar Midcap as Television Reporter
 Peter Williams as Detective
 Janet Varney as Party Girl

Reception

Box office
Catwoman took in $40,202,379 in North America. It made $41,900,000 in other countries. The budget was $100 million.

Reviews
Catwoman was hated by critics. Under Rotten Tomatoes, it had a score of 9%. It appeared on the list of Roger Ebert's most hated movies. Ebert and his co-host Richard Roeper both gave the movie "thumbs down".
Awards
The movie got seven Golden Raspberry Award nominations in 2005. It won Worst Picture, Worst Actress, Worst Director and Worst Screenplay.

References

2004 movies
Warner Bros. movies
DC Comics movies
African-American superhero movies
A night-watchman state is part of libertarian philosophy. Those who believe in a night-watchman state are called "minarchists" and they believe in minarchism. This view believes a government's only function is to protect the rights of its citizens.

Overview 
The military,  police, and  court system are provided to protect citizens, while the free markets handle everything else. Minarchists believe that the most efficient way of providing products and services is through the use of free markets. This is the belief of free market capitalism or laissez-faire capitalism.

Citizens should be protected from aggression, theft, broken contracts and fraud. Also property laws, specifically private property laws need to be enforced.

Ayn Rand, Robert Nozick, and Austin Petersen, Ron Paul, Rand Paul, Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig Von Mises, and Frederic Bastiat are well known for adopting minarchism as a part of their beliefs.
This idea of a night-watchman state is related to libertarianism. It is especially relevant to the USA, and rarely used in other contexts. However, it has its origin in the social history of 19th century Great Britain.

References 

Libertarianism
Capitalism
Liberalism
The Way of Walking Alone("Dokkōdō"), also translated as "The Path of Aloneness" or "The Way to Go Forth Alone", is a short book by the swordsman and philosopher Miyamoto Musashi in 1645.

References 

17th-century books
1640s works
Colin Milton Thiele  (16 November 1920 – 4 September 2006) was an Australian author and educator. He had over 100 published works. He was known for his children's books. His most famous works were Storm Boy, Blue Fin, the Sun on the Stubble series and February Dragon. Storm Boy was made into movie twice, the first in 1976 and the second in 2019. In 1976, he was made a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work in writing and teaching.

Thiele was born in Eudunda, South Australia. At the start of his life, he only spoke German as part of the German community in the Barossa Valley. He served in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during the Second World War. He was married to Rhonda. The couple had two daughters.

Thiele died of heart failure on 4 September 2006 in Brisbane, Queensland. He was 85. There was not many news reports of his death. This was because it happened on the same day as fellow Australian, zookeeper and conservationist, Steve Irwin.

References
References

1920 births
2006 deaths
Australian educators
Australian military people
Australian novelists
Deaths from heart failure
Military personnel of World War II
Order of Australia
People from South Australia
In linguistics, a hyponym is a word that can be changed with a different and less precise word without changing the overall meaning of the phrase. The different word is its hyperonym, hypernym or superordinate term. Hyponymy is a relation to a more generic word. A hyponym can be part of a group of words on a similar level that can all be replaced by the same hypernym. For example, pigeon, crow, eagle and seagull are all hyponyms (co-hyponyms) of bird (their hypernym). In turn, bird is a hyponym of animal. In a sentence such as 'The pigeon is flying over the church.', it is possible to change the word pigeon to bird or animal without changing the overall meaning of the sentence. This is because pigeon is a hyponym of both bird and animal. 

A hypernym is sometimes also called an umbrella term or a blanket term.
The word Hyponym comes from the Greek hupó, "under" and ónoma, "name". Hypernym comes from the Greek hupér, "over" and ónoma, "name". A hyponym can also sometimes be a phrase. A word can be both a hypernym and a hyponym.

Usage 
In Computer science this relationship is often called an "is-a" relationship. For example, the phrase 'Red is-a colour' describes the hyponymic relationship between red and colour.

The idea of hyponymy is very important in language translation. This is because hyponyms are very common across languages. For example, in Japanese the word for 'older brother' is , and the word for 'younger brother' is . An English-to-Japanese translator needs to choose which Japanese word to use to translate the English word brother. This can be difficult during machine translation because this information is often not available.

Related pages 

 Subcategory
 Synonym
Taxonomy

References

Sources

Other websites 

 Hypernym at Everything2.com

Hierarchy
Bunia is a city in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the capital of Ituri province. It was part of the Orientale Province until that province was split up into smaller provinces in 2015. As of 2012 it had an estimated population of 366,126.

It lies at an elevation of 1275 m on a plateau about 30 km west of Lake Albert in the Albertine Rift, and about 25 km east of the Ituri Forest.

The city is at the center of the Ituri conflict between the Lendu and Hema. In the Second Congo War the city and district were the scene of much fighting and many civilian deaths from this conflict, and related clashes between militias and Uganda-based forces. Consequently, the city is the base of one of the largest United Nations peace-keeping forces in Africa, and its headquarters in northeastern DRC. The area's natural resources include gold mines over which militias and foreign forces have been fighting.

References 

Cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Retroactive continuity, or retcon, is when some detail in a fictional story, such as a movie, TV, or book series, is added, changed, or ignored in a later part of the series. It can happen for several different reasons, like fixing a plot hole or getting rid of a detail that was disliked by many people.

There are a few main types of retcons.
The first is addition. This is a new detail added to give the reader or viewer a new understanding of the story. This detail would not have been planned when a series was first being made. For example, many people who watched Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope complained that the Death Star had an easily spotted and poorly placed weak point. This made it easier to be destroyed. George Lucas, the writer of Star Wars, did not have an explanation why. However, the writers of its prequel, Rogue One, later explained this. They wrote the story so that character Galen Erso, who is the main character Jyn Erso's father, made its weak point easily seen and poorly placed on purpose. He did this so he could help the Rebel Alliance destroy it.
The second is alteration. This is a detail goes against details already given. This is called a contradiction. For example, in Metal Gear Solid 2, the villain Revolver Ocelot tells the main character Solid Snake that Big Boss was in his late fifties when he gave his genes to make clones. This was the year 1972. However, in the prequel Metal Gear Solid 3, Big Boss is the main character. The game is set in 1964, but Big Boss is nowhere even close to being in his late forties or early fifties, which is how old he is supposed to be.

The third is subtraction. This is a detail that gets ignored or forgotten later in a series. For example, in the movie X-Men Origins: Wolverine, the villain Colonel Stryker experiments on the superhero Deadpool and turns him into Weapon 11. This made fans of Deadpool so unhappy that when the Deadpool movie came out it completely ignored the story given in X-Men Origins.

Fiction
Equivalent weight in chemistry is also known as gram equivalent. It is the mass of a given substance which will combine with or displace a fixed quantity of another substance.

The equivalent weight of an element is the mass which combines with or displaces 1.008 gram of hydrogen or 8.0 grams of oxygen or 35.5 grams of chlorine. These values are the atomic weight divided by the usual valence. For oxygen, as an example, that is 16.0g / 2.

Equivalent weight has the dimensions and units of mass, unlike atomic weight, which is dimensionless. The equivalent weight of a compound can be got by dividing the molecular weight by the number of positive or negative electrical charges carried by its ions (which result from dissolving the compound).

References 

Physical chemistry
Capoid race was a word for the Khoikhoi and San peoples. American anthropologist Carleton S. Coon invented the word in 1962. The words means "looking like a person from the Cape of Good Hope". Coon divided human beings into five races. He called these races Capoid, Congoid, Mongoloid, Australoid, and Caucasoid. Today, scientists agree that there is only one human race. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of five races was wrong.

References

Scientific racism
Big Boss is a recurring character in the Metal Gear series of video games, who serves as a hero or villain. He is the one who gave the genes to make three clones of himself, Solid Snake, Liquid Snake and Solidus Snake. In a way, this makes him their father. He starts off as a soldier for the CIA special forces team, the FOX Unit. He later creates and leads a special forces team himself, FOXHOUND.
In Metal Gear Solid 3, Big Boss unsuccessfully rescues the scientist Sokolov, because his mentor, the Boss, changes sides from the United States to Soviet Union. At first, he did not understand why. Later, it is explained that the government ordered her to change sides, because she was the only soldier Volgin would respect and trust enough to keep the Philosophers' legacy during World War II. The Boss later reunites with her former team of fellow soldiers, the Cobra Unit. She knew Big Boss, who was called Naked Snake in the game, would have to kill her as part of his mission, but she wanted to pass on her goal for him to complete. After he discovers the real reason for the Boss's death, he loses his patriotism and wants to unite the world under one government. This is so that the world's governments would not threaten to destroy each other with nuclear weapons. The government gives him a new code name, Big Boss. He dislikes the code name, because it reminded him that it was given to him for killing the Boss
. She was one of the only he really cared for.
In Metal Gear 1 & 2, Big Boss attempts to use Metal Gear to destroy the world's governments, but FOXHOUND agent Solid Snake (who is also one of Big Boss's clones) destroys it and stops him.

Metal Gear
Video game characters
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater is the fifth game for the Metal Gear series. It added many new gameplay features to the series. It marked the first game using camouflage in the environment. It is the prequel game for the timeline and the first game, which introduces Big Boss, Solid Snake's former commander, enemy and father.
Plot 
In 1964, the CIA sends Big Boss, who was then called Naked Snake, to a secret Soviet airbase in Pakistan. He is sent to rescue Sokolov. Sokolov is a Soviet scientist who left the Soviet Union with his wife and daughter. The United Stated sent him back to the USSR because US wanted the USSR  to take nuclear missiles out of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He is then forced to build a secret weapon called the Shagohod. This is a tank that can fire nuclear missiles in places that would otherwise be hard to do so. This building of this weapon is being overseen by Volgin. He is a Soviet officer who wants to destroy both the KGB and the Western world. Naked Snake almost completes his mission until his mentor, the Boss, betrays him. She does this by changing sides from the United States to the Soviet Union. After the mission fails, he is brought back to America.
One week later, he is sent back to the same Soviet base on a new mission, Operation Snake Eater. He must complete four tasks, rescue Sokolov, destroy the Shagohod, kill the Boss and the Cobra Unit, which is a team of supernatural soliders, and kill Volgin.

Metal Gear
Video games
A contradiction is when there are two or more statements that cannot all be true at the same time. A contradiction in logic can also be used to denote a self-contradictory statement, in which case it sometimes denoted by the symbol  or .

A story that shows what a contradiction is comes from China. In this story, there is a merchant who sells both spears and shields. He says that his spears are so sharp that they could break through any shield. At the same time, he says that his shields are so strong that they could block any spear. This is a contradiction, because these two statements cannot both be true. Either spear will break the shield or the shield will block the spear, but not both. For this reason, the word for contradiction in Chinese is máodùn (矛盾), which literally means "spear and shield".
In Aristotle's logic, it is said that two contradictory propositions cannot both be true. For example, the propositions "A is B" and "A is not B" are mutually exclusive, meaning that only one, and not both, can be true. For example, the statements "the Pope is Catholic" and "the Pope is not Catholic" cannot both be true. Only one of the statements, and not the other, is true.

Related pages 

 Law of noncontradiction
 Paradox
 Reductio ad absurdum

References 

Philosophical concepts
Logic
The Rebel Alliance (or The Alliance to Restore the Republic) was a group of people and aliens in the Star Wars series that fought the Galactic Empire and brought back freedom and democracy to the Star Wars galaxy. Important characters in the Rebel Alliance were Princess Leia, Bail Organa, Mon Mothma, Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Chewbacca, R2-D2, and C-3PO, as well as Jyn Erso, Kanan Jarrus, and Admiral Ackbar. 

After the Republic turned into the Empire, small cells of rebels loosely fought the Empire, led by Bail Organa. These cells later joined together into a larger Rebellion, stealing the plans of the Death Star and destroying it. Later, the Rebels fought again and destroyed the second Death Star, ending the Empire and restoring the Republic. Many of the Rebels would later join the Resistance against the First Order.

References 

Star Wars
The Empire killed many people and aliens. Paying its large military made the galaxy poor. It took away almost all freedoms and rights people had under the Republic. It had a lot of corruption. Life was so terrible under the Empire that some of its governors and officials tried to talk to the Empire's leaders, but they were threatened. 

Therefore, many people and aliens joined the Rebel Alliance to destroy the Empire and bring back the Republic.
After the deaths of both Darth Vader and the Emperor and the Empire's loss on the Battle of Jakku, the Empire surrendered to the Rebel Alliance. The Rebels then created the New Republic. The Empire may have surrendered, but some of the Empire's leaders who were still alive created a new military based on the Empire, the First Order. They rebuilt by buying weapons and spaceships from greedy merchants in the Outer Rim and taking over planets with many resources they could use to buy more weapons. They also kidnapped many babies and forced them to become stormtroopers. They secretly built a superweapon called Starkiller Base. They used the weapon to blow up the capital of the New Republic, Hosnian Prime.

Now that the New Republic is gone, the First Order wants to create the Empire again.

Star Wars
A code name is a secret name used to refer to a name, word, project or person. Spies are often referred to by their code name to make discovery more difficult. Code names may also be used in industrial espionage to protect secrets  from business rivals. 

Secrecy is not the only reason for their use. Standard words and phrases are easier to hear on radio channels like walkie-talkies.

Code names became numerous in World War II. Names like Operation Barbarossa and Operation Overlord and the Manhattan Project became famous.

References 

Names
Espionage
X-Men Origins: Wolverine is a prequel to the X-Men movies. It is about the life of Wolverine before he became one of the X-Men.

References

X-Men movies
Wolverine movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Gavin Hood
Snapple is a flavored beverage in the United States. It was created in 1972 and is owned by the company Keurig Dr Pepper. It is based in Plano, Texas.

Other websites 

 Snapple website

1970s establishments in Texas
1972 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Texas
Plano, Texas

American drink companies
Judith Arlene Resnik (April 5, 1949 – January 28, 1986) was an American engineer, pilot and NASA astronaut. She died when the Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed during the launch of mission STS-51-L. She was also aboard Space Shuttle Discovery for its first mission, STS-41-D in 1984. She spent 145 hours in space. She was the first Jewish American in space and the first Jewish woman in space.

Resnik was born in Akron, Ohio. Her family was Jewish. She earned degrees at Carnegie Mellon University (B.S.) and the University of Maryland (Ph.D.). She was married to Michael Oldak from 1970 until their divorce in 1975.

On January 28, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after launch. Resnik and all six others aboard died.

References

Other websites

 Judith Resnik NASA biography

1949 births
1986 deaths
Accidental deaths in Florida
American astronauts
Engineers from Ohio
American Jews
NASA
Scientists from Akron, Ohio
was an American NASA astronaut and engineer. He flew into space with the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-51-C in 1985. He later died in the disaster of Space Shuttle Challenger. He was serving as Mission Specialist for Challenger's STS-51-L. He was the first Asian American and the first person of Japanese ancestry to reach space.

Onizuka was born in Kealakekua, Hawaii. He got two degrees at the University of Colorado at Boulder (B.S. and M.S.) in 1969. He was a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Air Force. He was awarded the rank of colonel after his death. He married Lorna Leiko Yoshida in 1969. The couple had two daughters.

On January 28, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after launch. Onizuka and all six others aboard died.

References

Other websites

 Ellison Onizuka NASA biography

1946 births
1986 deaths
Accidental deaths in Florida
American astronauts
American aerospace engineers
Military people from Hawaii
NASA
United States Air Force
Ronald Erwin McNair (October 21, 1950 – January 28, 1986) was an American NASA astronaut and physicist. His first space mission was STS-41-B aboard Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984. After this mission, he was again on Challenger for STS-51-L. He died at the start of this mission when the space shuttle was destroyed during the launch. He was the second African American in space.

McNair was born in Lake City, South Carolina. He earned degrees at North Carolina A&T State University (B.S.) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D.). He also held four honorary doctorates and many fellowships. He was married to Cheryl Moore. The couple had two children.

On January 28, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after launch. McNair and all six others aboard died.

References

Other websites

 Ronald McNair NASA biography
1950 births
1986 deaths
Accidental deaths in Florida
African-American people
Academics from California
American astronauts
American physicists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
NASA
Scientists from South Carolina
"Please Me" is a song by American rapper Cardi B and American singer Bruno Mars.  It was released on February 14, 2019.  

It reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US.  It is their second collaboration after the remix of Mars' song "Finesse", which also reached number three in the US.

References 

2019 songs
R&B songs
Hip hop soul songs
Bruno Mars songs
Cardi B songs
Peter Geoffrey Brock  (26 February 1945 – 8 September 2006) was an Australian motor racing driver. He is one of his country's best known and most successful motor racing drivers. He was known for his partnership with Holden for almost 40 years. However, he still raced using other car makes, including BMW, Ford, Volvo, Porsche and Peugeot. He won the Bathurst 1000 nine times, the Sandown 500 nine times, the Australian Touring Car Championship three times and the Bathurst 24 Hour once. In 2001, he was added into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame.

Brock was born in Richmond, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. He served in the army during the Vietnam War. His first two marriages ended in divorce. He later had two children with his partner. He was vegan.
On 8 September 2006, Brock was driving in the Targa West '06 rally. He was at the second stage of the race in Gidgegannup, Western Australia. He was three kilometres off the finish of the second stage when his car skid off a downhill left-hand bend. Brock died on the spot. He was 61. The co-driver, Mick Hone, was taken to hospital and survived.

References

Other websites

 Peter Brock Foundation

1945 births
2006 deaths
Accidental deaths in Australia
Australian racecar drivers
Deaths in sport
Order of Australia
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Gregory Bruce Jarvis (August 24, 1944 – January 28, 1986) was an American NASA astronaut and engineer. He was chosen as a payload specialist for Hughes Aircraft Company for the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-L. He was going to do experiments on the weightlessness of fluids, as well as other things. He died at start of this mission when the space shuttle was destroyed during the launch.

Jarvis was born in Detroit, Michigan. He served as a Captain in the United States Air Force until 1973. He earned degrees at the State University of New York at Buffalo (B.S.) and the Northeastern University (M.S.). He was married to Marcia G. Jarboe.

On January 28, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after launch. Jarvis and all six others aboard died.

References

Other websites

 Gregory Jarvis NASA biography

1950 births
1986 deaths
Accidental deaths in Florida
American astronauts
Engineers from Michigan
Military people from Michigan
NASA
Scientists from Detroit
United States Air Force
The Qingjiang biota is a recently discovered treasure-trove of fossils. This lagerstätte of Cambrian period fossils is in China. The fossil site is in Hubei Province near the Danshui River.

In 2019, more than 20,000 fossil specimens were collected. They included many soft bodied animals such as jellyfish, sea anemones, sponges, arthropods and algae and various kinds of aquatic worms. 

In some specimens the internal body structures was preserved with fossilised soft tissues such as mouths, guts, and eyes. 

The remains are dated as about 518 million years ago. About half the species found were previously unknown.

References 

Lagerstätten
History of China
Cambrian
Samuel Henry John Worthington (born 2 August 1976) is an Australian actor and writer.

In 2004, Worthington was given an AACTA Award for his role in the independent movie Somersault. He is known for his roles in the movies Avatar (2009), Terminator Salvation (2009), Clash of the Titans (2010) and its sequel Wrath of the Titans (2012), Man on a Ledge (2012), Everest (2015), Hacksaw Ridge (2016), The Shack (2017) and Fractured (2019). He will appear in the Avatar sequels Avatar: The Way of Water (2021) and Avatar 3 (2022). He also played Captain Alex Mason in the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010). He appeared again as Mason in Black Ops II (2012) and Black Ops 4 (2018). He also played real-life FBI profiler Jim Fitzgerald in the drama miniseries Manhunt: Unabomber (2017).
Worthington was born in Godalming, Surrey, England. He moved to Perth, Western Australia with his family when he was a baby. He grew up in Warnbro, a suburb Rockingham, Western Australia. He married model Lara Bingle in 2014. The couple have two children. Worthington is a Christian.

References

Other websites

 

1976 births
Living people
Actors from Perth, Western Australia
Actors from Surrey
Australian Christians
Australian movie actors
Australian screenwriters
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Jai Stephen Courtney (born 15 March 1986) is an Australian actor. In 2010, he played the role of Varro in the television series Spartacus. He has appeared in the movies Jack Reacher (2012), A Good Day to Die Hard (2013), I, Frankenstein (2013), Divergent (2014), Unbroken (2014), Insurgent (2015), Terminator Genisys (2015), Suicide Squad (2016) and Storm Boy (2019).

Courtney was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He grew up in Cherrybrook, a suburb of Sydney. He lives in Los Angeles in the U.S. state of California.

References

Other websites

 

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Sydney
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck (born August 24, 1942) is an American mathematician. She is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin. At the moment, she is a visiting associate at the Institute for Advanced Study and a visiting senior research scholar at Princeton University. In 2000, she was awarded the National Medal of Science.

Uhlenbeck won the 2019 Abel Prize. She won it for her major work in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory and integrable systems. Another reason she got the Abel Prize was for her key impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics. She is the first woman to win the prize.

Uhlenbeck was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She is of Estonian ancestry. She is married to biochemist Olke C. Uhlenbeck.

References

Related pages
 American Mathematical Society
 Timeline of women in mathematics in the United States
 Timeline of women in mathematics

Other websites
Other websites

 

1942 births
Living people
Educators from Cleveland
American mathematicians
Scientists from Cleveland
Spooky Scary Skeletons is a 1996 Halloween song by Andrew Gold. It is the most well known of the songs from Gold's album Halloween Howls.

In 2010, the song was uploaded to YouTube by Three Ply Chord. , it has been seen over 27 million times. An extended dance mix of the song has had over 84 million views.

Thanks to the numerous YouTube videos and various remixes, the song has became increasingly popular, with the band Red Hot Chili Peppers even doing a version of it at a live Halloween performance. Forbes listed "Spooky Scary Skeletons"  fourth in their top 20 list of Halloween songs.

"Spooky Scary Skeletons" is now considered an anthem of the spooky internet subculture.

References 

1996 songs
Andrew Gold songs
Halloween
YouTube
Lawrence G. Cohen (July 15, 1941 – March 23, 2019) was an American movie producer, director and screenwriter. He is best known as a B-movie auteur of horror and science fiction movies. He directed the movies Hell Up in Harlem (1973), It's Alive (1974) and The Stuff (1985). He also wrote the screenplays of the movies Phone Booth (2002), Cellular (2004) and Captivity (2007). Cohen was born in Washington Heights in the New York City borough of Manhattan.

Cohen died on March 23, 2019 in Los Angeles, California. He was 77.

References

Other websites

 

1941 births
2019 deaths
American television directors
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Writers from Manhattan
Jeffrey Christopher Horn Jr. (born 4 February 1988) is an Australian professional boxer. He held the WBO welterweight title from 2017 to 2018. He was an amateur boxer for Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. He reached the light welterweight quarter-finals at the Olympics. In July 2017, he beat Manny Pacquiao for the WBO welterweight title. He lost the title to Terence Crawford in June 2018. He also won against Anthony Mundine in 96 seconds via first round knockout on 30 November 2018.

Horn was born in Brisbane, Queensland. He was a school teacher before becoming a pro boxer. He married Joanna in September 2014. Their daughter was born in December 2017.

References

Other websites

1988 births
Living people
Australian boxers
Australian educators
Australian Olympians
People from Brisbane
Sportspeople from Queensland
Richard Harold Smith  (born 18 March 1944) is an Australian businessman, aviator, philanthropist and political activist. He is the founder of Dick Smith Electronics, Dick Smith Foods and Australian Geographic. He was named as the 1986 Australian of the Year. In 2010, he co-founded the media production company Smith & Nasht. The reason for this company is to make movies about global problems. He also made the first balloon trip across Australia in June 1993.

Smith was born in Roseville, a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales. He is married to Phillipa Aird McManarney. The couple have two daughters, Jenny and Hayley.

References

Other websites

 Dick Smith Electronics 

1944 births
Living people
Australian activists
Australian businesspeople
Aviators
Order of Australia
People from Sydney
Australian philanthropists
Kirsten Simone Vangsness (born on July 7, 1972) is an American actress and writer. She is best known for playing the FBI Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia on the TV show Criminal Minds. She later played the same character on the shows Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior and Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders. Kirsten is also known for her weight loss journey.

Vangsness began acting in 1998. She later won several awards. They included the 15 Minutes of Female Best Actress Award, the Golden Betty Award and the Los Angeles Drama Critic Award. 

Vangsness was born in Pasadena, California.

Reference

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Pasadena, California
1972 births
Living people
Writers from Pasadena, California
Vanessa Nicole Marano (born on October 31, 1992, Los Angeles, California) is an American actress. She acted in many television series. They include Gilmore Girls, Grey's Anatomy and The Young and the Restless.

Marano began acting when she was seven-years-old.

Television

Awards and nominations

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1992 births
Living people
Laura Marie Marano (born November 29, 1995) is an American actress and singer. She is the younger sister of actress Vanessa Marano. Laura played Ally Dawson in the Disney Channel television series Austin & Ally.

In the movie A Sort of Homecoming, Marano played Young Amy.

Marano was born in Los Angeles, California.

Filmography

Film

Television

Radio

Awards and nominations

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1995 births
Living people
Islam is the second largest religion of Russia, after Orthodox Christianity. Islam is also said to be the fastest growing religion in the country and are taking more than 7% of the total Russian population to one-fifth of the total population, by 24%. It is large concentrated among the Russian ethnicity, and most of them are Sunni Islam of Hanafi madhhab.

Russia
Russian culture
In the early 1920s, the Polish mathematician Jan Lukasiewicz discovered that if operators
were written before the operands (prefix or Polish notation; for example, + a b), the parentheses are not needed. He was born on 21 December 1878 in Lemberg, Galicia, Austria-Hungary and died on 13 February 1956 in Dublin, Ireland. He was aged 77.

More readings 
Łukasiewicz, Jan 1951. Aristotle’s syllogistic from the standpoint of modern formal logic. Oxford University Press. 2nd ed, enlarged 1957. Reprinted by Garland Publishing in 1987. ISBN 0-8240-6924-2

1878 births
1956 deaths
20th-century Polish philosophers
Polish mathematicians
Polish Roman Catholics