Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Flow is a term used in psychology to mean the mental state of a person completely immersed in an activity. It is an altered state of consciousness. The person is fully focused, performing actively and successfully. The situation is widely recognized by phrases like in the zone, in the bubble, on the ball, in the moment, wired in, in the groove. The performer almost loses touch with their surroundings: phrases like "lost to the world" reflect this mental absorption.

The term flow was given to this experience by a psychologist, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. He said it was completely focused motivation. The hallmark of flow is a feeling of spontaneous joy, even rapture, while performing a task. Flow is also described as a deep focus on nothing but the activity – not even oneself or one's emotions.
Components of flow
Csíkszentmihályi identifies the following ten factors as accompanying an experience of flow:<ref name=Finding>Csíkszentmihályi, Mihály 1996. Finding flow: the psychology of engagement with everyday life. Basic Books.  [a popular exposition emphasizing technique]</ref>
Clear goals. Expectations and rules are known and goals are attainable and within one's skills and abilities.  Moreover, the challenge level and skill level should both be high.
 Concentrating: a high degree of concentration on a limited field of attention (a person engaged in the activity will have the opportunity to focus and to delve deeply into it).
 A loss of the feeling of self-consciousness.
 Distorted sense of time, one's sense of time is altered.
 Direct and immediate feedback (successes and failures in the course of the activity are apparent, so that behavior can be adjusted as needed).
 A balance between ability level and challenge: the activity is neither too easy nor too difficult.
 A sense of control over the situation or activity.
 The activity is intrinsically rewarding, so there is an effortlessness of action.
 A lack of awareness of bodily needs (to the extent that one can reach a point of great hunger or fatigue without realizing it)
Absorption into the activity, narrowing of the focus of awareness down to the activity itself, action awareness merging''.
Not all are needed for flow to be experienced.
Other factors 
Flow operates on both physical and mental tasks. It applies to dance, football, chess and many other areas where people perform tasks in well-defined competitive situations, but also in art where the situation may be much more open. Evidence about flow comes from interviews with people after various types of performance. Efforts are being made to develop ways of enhancing flow for personal and commercial benefit.
Some of the challenges to staying in flow include states of apathy, boredom, and anxiety. Being in a state of apathy is characterized by having little to no challenges in a situation. A person’s skill level is also characterized as apathy when the person has a general lack of interest in the task at hand. Boredom is a slightly different state in that it occurs when challenges are low, but one's skill level exceeds those challenges causing one to seek higher challenges. A state of anxiety occurs when challenges are so high that they exceed one's perceived skill level causing one great distress and uneasiness.

References 

Psychology
The Bad Girls Club 4 was the fourth season of The Bad Girls Club. It aired on Oxygen on December 1, 2009.

About this season 
Season 4 became the "breakthrough season" for The Bad Girls Club. The episode "Go With The Flo" had 2.27 million views.  Season 4 had the highest ratings in the history of the show. After the show, Natalie Nunn had a conflict with Chris Brown and Rihanna. Nunn stated some comments that angered fans of the show. At the reunion show, she said that she does not believe in domestic violence. She made her apologies. After the reunion, Nunn and Kendra have starred in Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too. This season also had the highest number of celebrity appearances.

Cast members

Replacements

References 

2009 in American television
2009 television seasons
2010 in American television
2010 television seasons
4
The Bad Girls Club (season 3) is the third season of The Bad Girls Club. It aired on Oxygen on December 2, 2008.

About this season 
Season 3 was the first season to have one million views. It had beat the records from the second season and first season. Perez Hilton hosted the reunion special. After the show, the Ambers and Sarah competed on Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too. They had done a pilot for their show called "The Amber Show". Oxygen did not pick it up. This was the first season to have the girls on vacation. This was also the first season to have 60 minute episodes.

Cast members

Replacements

References 

2008 in American television
2008 television seasons
2009 television seasons

3
The Bad Girls Club season 2 is the second season of The Bad Girls Club. It aired on Oxygen on December 4, 2007.

About this season 
Season 2 had an average of 600,000 viewers per episode. The first season had 330,000 viewers per episode. The second season reunion was hosted by Star Jones. After the show, Tanisha Thomas became the host for Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too. She also had done a lot of talk shows. She is regarded as the "godmother of the Bad Girls". She also had done two talk shows for the Bad Girls Club. She later married in early 2011. Hanna started acting on broadway after the show. This was the last time 30 minute episodes would air.

Cast members

Replacements

References 

2007 in American television
2007 television seasons
2008 in American television
2008 television seasons
2
The Bad Girls Club (season 1) was the first season of The Bad Girls Club. It aired on Oxygen on December 5, 2006.

About this show 
The first season had on average of 300,000 viewers per episode. This record was later beat in the second season. The show became the "most watched" show on Oxygen history until season two aired.  Kerry Harick became a successful country singer. Some of her songs appeared on Billboard. This is the first season to have a lot of replacements. The reunion show was taped inside the house.

Cast members

Replacements

References 

2006 in American television

2007 in American television
2007 television seasons
1
The Halifax Mooseheads are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 1994. The team currently plays in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). They play their home games in Halifax, Nova Scotia at the Halifax Metro Centre.

Other websites
Official website

Canadian Hockey League teams
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Ice hockey teams in Canada
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
1994 establishments in Canada
Organizations based in Nova Scotia
Johnathan James Aitken (born May 24, 1978) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman. Aitken was drafted 8th overall in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft by the Boston Bruins and played three games for them. For the 2000–01 season joined HC Sparta Praha in the Czech Republic. He returned to North America after only a year, and made it back to the NHL during the 2003–04 season with the Chicago Blackhawks, playing 41 games.  Afterwards he headed to the Austrian Hockey League for Klagenfurt AC for the 2006–07 season before retiring from hockey.

Career statistics

References
2005 NHL Official Guide & Record Book

Other websites
 

1978 births
Living people
Boston Bruins players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Manitoba Moose players
Medicine Hat Tigers players
Norfolk Admirals players
Providence Bruins players
Sportspeople from Edmonton
ECHL players
Raymond Peter Allison (born March 4, 1959) is a  Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Hartford Whalers and Philadelphia Flyers.

Playing career
Following his junior career, Allison became the first draft pick in the history of the Hartford Whalers franchise. A year later, Allison was traded in a ten player trade to the Philadelphia Flyers. There he would develop into a scoring forward but suffered a broken ankle during the 1982–83 season. He never regained a regular spot on the Flyers roster, and played his last few seasons in the AHL and Swiss leagues.

Career statistics

References

Other websites 

1959 births
Living people
Binghamton Whalers players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Hartford Whalers players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Maine Mariners (AHL) players
People from Cranbrook, British Columbia
Philadelphia Flyers players
Springfield Indians players
Edifício Copan  is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil. It is 140 meters (460 feet) tall and has 38 floors. It was built in 1966. The building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer.

Related pages

 Downtown São Paulo
 Mirante do Vale
 Edifício Itália
 Edifício Altino Arantes

Buildings and structures in São Paulo
Skyscrapers in Brazil
1966 establishments in South America
1960s establishments in Brazil
This page shows the results for Group A of the UEFA Euro 2012 qualification. Germany qualified, and the Turkey went to the playoffs, which in the end they did not qualify. Germany did not lose a single game, with a record of 10 wins. The top scorer of the group was Miroslav Klose (Germany) with 9 goals.

 Green means that the team automatically qualifies.
 Blue means the team is going to the playoffs.

UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying
The UEFA Euro 2012 was the 14th UEFA European Football Championship tournament. Its formal name was 2012 UEFA European Football Championship. It was held in 8 June to 1 July. All the European football teams could compete. In general the contet of match was more higher than FIFA World Cup. The defending champion was Spain. The tournament was hosted in Poland and Ukraine. 16 teams were qualified for the final group stage. The winner of competition qualifies for the FIFA Confederations Cup.

Qualification 

51 teams wanted to join the Euro 2012, so UEFA organized the teams into 9 groups. Qualification began on August 2010 and ended on November 2011. The following teams qualified:

Venues
Venues 

There were 8 stadiums in 8 host cities. The host cities were Warsaw, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Poznań, Kyiv, Lviv, Donetsk and Kharkiv. The Euro 2012 allowed new stadiums to be built. Six of the eight stadiums are either completely new, or greatly improved. Below is a table that will show what stadiums are being used, and in which cities.

Results

Group A

Greece were placed above Russia based on their head-to-head record (1-0).

The Czech Republic became the first team to win a European Championship group with a negative goal difference

Group B

Group C

Group D 

Ukraine was placed on top of Sweden, because of their previous match against each other (2 – 1)

Knockout phase

Statistics

Goalscorers 
3 goals

 Mario Mandžukić
 Mario Gómez

 Mario Balotelli
 Cristiano Ronaldo

 Alan Dzagoev
 Fernando Torres

2 goals

 Petr Jiráček
 Václav Pilař
 Nicklas Bendtner
 Michael Krohn-Dehli

 Dimitris Salpingidis
 Xabi Alonso
 Cesc Fàbregas

 David Silva
 Zlatan Ibrahimović
 Andriy Shevchenko

1 goal
1 goal

 Nikica Jelavić
 Andy Carroll
 Joleon Lescott
 Wayne Rooney
 Theo Walcott
 Danny Welbeck
 Yohan Cabaye
 Jérémy Ménez
 Samir Nasri
 Lars Bender
 Sami Khedira
 Miroslav Klose
 Philipp Lahm

 Mesut Özil
 Lukas Podolski
 Marco Reus
 Theofanis Gekas
 Giorgos Karagounis
 Georgios Samaras
 Sean St Ledger
 Antonio Cassano
 Antonio Di Natale
 Andrea Pirlo
 Rafael van der Vaart
 Robin van Persie

 Jakub Błaszczykowski
 Robert Lewandowski
 Pepe
 Hélder Postiga
 Silvestre Varela
 Roman Pavlyuchenko
 Roman Shirokov
 Jordi Alba
 Juan Mata
 Jesús Navas
 Sebastian Larsson
 Olof Mellberg

1 own goal

 Glen Johnson (playing against Sweden)

Final rankings 

Rankings are based on performance, not team skill. Also, these rankings are unofficial and are not based on head-to-head record.

References 

UEFA Euro 2012
June 2012 events
Private property is a concept used in law, which is defined as a certain type of thing which is owned and controlled by an individual or a group separate from the state. Private property differs from public property, where such property belongs to all. That way, a person may own a car, but the park in the city is only administered by the city, and belongs to all people (or to no one at all).  

Different schools of thought have different ideas of how private property should be handled.  

For instance, according to capitalism, private property is needed so that a society can work as it should. That way, trade can only be done using private property. As a secondary example, private property in Marxist theory refers to the means of production, such as mines, factories, burger joints, and so on. These are things communists want to be democratically owned by workers. This is different from personal property, such as a toothbrush.  
Property
The Radiata is a superphylum which includes both the echinoderms and the ctenophores. It is not part of the usual classification system, and is not used by all biologists.

The group includes the radially symmetric animals of the Eumetazoa. The echinoderms, however, are members of the Bilateria, because they exhibit bilateral symmetry in their developing stages. Their radial symmetry is secondary.

Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1983 defined a subkingdom called Radiata consisting of the phyla Porifera, Myxozoa, Placozoa, Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata, that is, all the animals that are not in Bilateria. 

The Five Kingdom classification of Lynn Margulis and K.V. Schwartz keeps only Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata. 

Cladistic classifications do not recognize Radiata as a clade. The radiata, in this sense, are diploblastic, meaning they have two primary germ layers: endoderm and ectoderm. Cavalier-Smith's use of the term Radiata includes animals with a single germ layer such as sponges.
Although radial symmetry is usually given as a defining characteristic of radiates, a few members of the class Anthozoa, which are now considered as the most basal and oldest group of cnidarians, are actually bilaterally symmetric. 

Newer research strongly indicates that bilateral symmetry evolved before the split between Cnidaria and Bilateria: the radially symmetrical cnidarians have evolved radial symmetry secondarily. This means the bilaterism in species like N. vectensis has a primary origin. Also the free-swimming planula larvae of cnidarians exhibit bilateral symmetry. Ctenophores show biradial symmetry.

References

Other websites 
Taxon: Subkingdom Radiata 
Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone - retrieved February 2, 2006

Groups of phyla
Taxonomy
Wangari Muta Mary Jo Maathai (1 April 1940 – 25 September 2011) was a Kenyan environmentalist, political activist and the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.

Related pages
List of Kenyan scientists

References

Other websites

 Maathai Nobel Prize lecture
 Audio: Wangari Maathai in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion programme The Forum
 Nobel Women's Initiative

1940 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Environmentalists
Nobel Peace Prize winners
Kenyan activists
A trochophore is a type of larva found in marine plankton. It belongs to animals of several related phyla, in the superphylum Lophotrochozoa.

They have  two or more bands of cilia. By moving their cilia rapidly, a water eddy is created. In this way they control the direction of their movement. Also, in this way they bring their food closer, to capture it more easily.

Invertebrates
Developmental biology
Orthonectida is a small phylum of poorly-known parasites of marine invertebrates. They are among the simplest of multi-cellular organisms.

Biology 
The adults are microscopic wormlike animals. They have a single layer of outer cells surrounding a mass of sex cells. They swim freely within the bodies of their hosts, which include flatworms, polychaete worms, bivalve molluscs, and echinoderms. They have separate male and female individuals.

Reproduction 
When they are ready to reproduce, the adults are released from the host, and sperm from the males penetrates the bodies of the females to achieve fertilisation. The resulting zygote develops into a ciliated larva that escapes from the mother to seek out new hosts. Once it finds a host, the larva loses its cilia and develops into a syncytial plasmodium larva. This, in turn, breaks up into numerous individual cells that become the next generation of adults.
Taxonomy 
The orthonectids were originally described in 1877 as a class, and placed as an order of the phylum Mesozoa. Recent study shows that orthonectids are quite different from the rhombozoans, the other group in Mesozoa.

References 

Minor phyla
Parasites
Invertebrates
The lophophore is the characteristic feeding organ of four major groups of animals: the Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Entoprocta, and Phoronida. All lophophores are found in aquatic organisms.

Characteristics
It can most easily be described as a ring of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth. It is often horseshoe-shaped or coiled. Phoronids have their lophophores in plain view, but the valves of brachiopods must be opened wide to get a good view of their lophophore.

The lophophore surrounds the mouth and is an upstream collecting system for suspension feeding. The gut is U-shaped with the anterior mouth at the center of the lophophore. The anus, where present, is also anterior, and is above the mouth. In the Bryozoa it is outside the ring of the lophophore; in the Entoprocta the anus is within the ring of the lophophore. Some brachiopods do not have an anus.

References 

Invertebrates
Developmental biology
The Rhombozoa, or Dicyemida, are a group of tiny parasites that live in the renal appendages of cephalopods.

Classification is controversial. They are probably a new phylum. Traditionally, dicyemids have been grouped with the Orthonectida in the Mesozoa. However, molecular phylogeny indicates that dicyemids may be more closely related to the roundworms.

Anatomy 
Adult dicyemids range in length from , and they can be seen through a light microscope. They have eutely: each adult individual of a given species has the same number of cells. Cell number is a useful identifying character. 

The organism's structure is simple: a single axial cell is surrounded by a jacket of twenty to thirty ciliated cells.

Life cycle
Dicyemids exist in both asexual and sexual forms. The asexual forms are found in juvenile and immature hosts; and the sexual forms in mature hosts.
The asexual stage is termed a nematogen; it produces vermiform (worm-like) larvae in the axial cell. These mature through direct development to form more nematogens. Nematogens proliferate in young cephalopods, filling the kidneys. Later, as the hosts mature, sexual forms called rhombogens are formed. They are hermaphrodites, with gonads of both sexes. The rhombogens self-fertilise, and later release larvae.

References 

Invertebrates
Parasites
Minor phyla
"Besitos" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song became the fourth and last single from Selena (1989). The song peaked at number-twenty on the US Hot Latin Tracks.

Selena songs
1988 songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
"Baila Esta Cumbia" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song was the lead single from Ven Conmigo (1990). It peaked at number-one on the Mexican Singles Chart (1994), Italy Singles Chart (1996), Argentinian Singles Chart (1994) and France Singles Chart (1995). It peaked in the top 20 on the US Hot Latin Tracks (1990), Latin Regional Mexican Airplay (1991) chart and the Spanish Singles Chart (1996). It then became one of Selena's signature songs. Her brother, A.B. Quintanilla III remixed the song as "Baila Esta Kumbia". It peaked at number 44 on the US Hot Latin Tracks and number 16 on the Latin Regional Mexican Airplay chart. A.B. performed the song during the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert with his band.

Selena songs
1990 songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
"No Quiero Saber" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song was featured at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia as a remix version.

Charts 

Selena songs
1990 songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
"Ya Ves" () is a song by American singer Selena. It was the second single released from Ven Conmigo (1990). The song was covered at the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert. "Ya Ves" was selected as "AMG pick tracks".

Selena songs
1990 songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
"La Tracalera" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song was first recorded in 1985 for The New Girl in Town. It was re-recorded in 1990 for Ven Conmigo. The original version of the song called "El Tracalero" () was recorded by Selena's father Abraham Quintanilla Jr. Abraham had his own band called "Los Dinos" from the 1960s-1970s. Anselmo Sanchez Chavez covered the song in 1996.

References 

Selena songs
1984 songs
Spanish-language songs
"El Chico Del Apartamento 512" () is the sixth and final single released from Selena's grammy nominated album Amor Prohibido (1994). The song never had a music video because it was released one day before Selena was killed. The song had positive feedback from music critics. The song was performed on C minor with 102 beats per minute. The song was covered by many Latin American artists.

Covers

References 

Selena songs
1994 songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
Greatest Hits is a compilation album by American singer Selena. The songs used in the album were all in English. The only two other English songs Selena recorded that did not made it on the album were "Give Me One More Chance" and "Call Me". Both of those songs were on Selena y Los Dinos (1984). The album peaked at number 108 on the Billboard 200 chart in 2003. A special edition of the album was released. It had a DVD of all of Selena's music videos.
Track listing 
"My Love" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 2:49
"I Could Fall in Love" (Keith Thomas) - 4:42
"Captive Heart" (Mark Goldenberg/Kit Hain) - 4:24
"I'm Getting Used to You" (Diane Warren) - 4:03
"God's Child (Baila Conmigo)" (Duet with David Byrne) - 4:16
"Dreaming of You" (Franne Golde/Tom Snow) - 5:15
"Missing My Baby" (A.B. Quintanilla II) - 4:13
"Wherever You Are" (Donde Quiera Que Estés) (Duet with the Barrio Boyzz) (K. C. Porter/Miguel Flores/Desmond Child) - 4:30
"Only Love" (M. Spiro/Robbie Buchanan) - 4:13
"A Million to One" (Phil Medley) - 3:22
"Where Did the Feeling Go?" (Norman Sallitt) - 3:44
"Is It the Beat?" (A.B. Quintanilla III/Pamela Phillips Oland) - 4:09
"A Boy Like That" (Leonard Bernstein/Stephen Sondheim)- 5:53
"Always Mine" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 3:37
"Don't Throw Away My Love" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 3:40
"Disco Medley - 7:36

References

Selena albums
2003 albums
Greatest hits albums
Momentos Intimos () is a compilation album by American singer Selena. It was released on March 23, 2004.

About this album 
An unreleased duet called "Puede Ser" () was included in the album. It was a duet with Nando "Guero" Dominguez. It was recorded two weeks before Selena was murdered. It then became the very last song to be recorded by her. "No Llores Mas Corazon" () and "Como Te Quiero Yo A Ti" () were digitally remastered. Both of those songs were turned into ballad songs. The album had bonus tracks that her family tells fans how it was like when Selena recorded those songs. The album peaked at number seven on the US Regional Mexican Albums Charts. The album also peaked at number eleven on the Top Latin Albums chart on Billboard in 2004.
Track listings 
Amor Prohibido
Missing My Baby
Fotos y Recuerdos
Dreaming of You
Buenos Amigos
I'm Getting Used to You
Donde Quiera Que Estes
Only Love
Tú Sólo Tú
I Could Fall in Love
Si Una Vez
Where Did the Feeling Go?
No Me Queda Mas
Como Te Quiero Yo A Ti
No Llores Mas Corazon
Puede Ser
Spoken Liner Notes - (Bonus track)
Spoken Liner Notes By The Band and Family

References 

Selena albums
2004 albums
Compilation albums
Dos Historias () is a compilation album by American singer Selena and Mexican singer Ana Barbara. The album peaked at number three on the US Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart. It also peaked at number 21 on the Top Latin Albums Chart on Billboard in 2006.

Track listings 
 "Como La Flor" - (Selena)
 "La Trampa" - (Ana Bárbara)
 "Amor Prohibido" - (Selena)
 "Lo Busque" - (Ana Bárbara)
 "Fotos y Recuerdos" - (Selena)
 "Todo Lo Aprendi De Ti" - (Ana Bárbara)
 "No Me Queda Mas" - (Selena)
 "Bandido" - (Ana Bárbara)
 "Tú Sólo Tú" - (Selena)
 "Te Regalo La Lluvia" - (Ana Bárbara)
 "Baila Esta Cumbia" - (Selena)
 "Ya No Te Creo Nada" - (Ana Bárbara)
 "Dreaming of You" - (Selena)
 "Como Me Haces Falta" - (Ana Bárbara)

DVD 
A special edition was released as well. It included a DVD of four music videos, two each, from Selena and Ana.
No Me Queda Mas (Selena)
Ya No Te Cero Nada (Ana Bárbara)
Dreaming Of You (Selena)
Bandido (Ana Bárbara)

References 

Selena albums
2006 albums
Compilation albums
The record ended when Hurricane Irene formed in late August. Irene also became the first major hurricane (being a category three or higher on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale). After Irene dissipated, Hurricane Katia became the second major hurricane of the season. With seventeen tropical storms, only four became hurricanes. The following hurricane was Hurricane Rina. Between September 7-9, there were three tropical cyclones active, which were Katia, Maria and Nate. This information made the Climate Prediction Center issue a La Niña Advisory.

Season summary

Storms

Tropical Storm Arlene
Tropical Storm Arlene formed off of a tropical wave. It moved across Central America. It brought a lot of rain and caused local flooding. Because of this, three people were killed. On June 27, the disturbance crossed the Yucatán Peninsula and into the Bay of Campeche. The storm began to develop over warm water. It was then given the name Arlene on June 29, around midnight. Arlene made landfall on Cabo Rojo with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph. It then died on July 1. About 22 people were killed while the storm passed through. Arlene cost over 2.6 billion pesos ($207.4 million) of damage.

Tropical Storm Bret
Tropical Storm Bret formed off of a cold front. This front was near Florida. On July 16, a low-pressure area formed north of the Bahamas. It then began strengthening. The storm became tropical depression number 2 when it was near the Great Abaco Island. Within three hours, the storm was given the name Bret. Bret strengthen while it moved north-east. The storm began to weaken because of wind shear. It then died on July 22 with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph.

Tropical Storm Cindy 

Tropical Storm Cindy formed on July 20, when it developed into a tropical depression east of Bermuda. It then died two days later. It did not make landfall.

Tropical Storm Don 

Tropical Storm Don formed on July 27. It then made landfall as it weakened at Galveston, Texas. The storm did not help the drought the state of was in, dropping no more than  of an inch, which was lower than was forecasted.

Tropical Storm Emily
Tropical Storm Emily formed on August 1. The storm made landfall as a remnant low in Haiti. It then strengthened while it passed through the Bahamas. When the storm left, it began to die.

Tropical Storm Franklin 

Tropical Storm Franklin formed on August 12. It did not make landfall. Bermuda was able to get some rain bands from the storm when it moved close by. The storm began to dissipate after it had left Bermuda.

Tropical Storm Gert
Tropical Storm Gert formed on August 14. It did not make landfall. As Gert neared Bermuda, a small  eye-like feature became apparent on radar imagery. Coinciding with this, Gert reached its peak strength with winds of 60 mph (100 km/h).
Passing roughly 90 mi (150 km) east of Bermuda, Gert brought light rain and winds up to 25 mph (40 km/h) to the islands.
By August 16, convection associated with Gert had mostly dissipated and whether or not the system retained a closed surface low was ambiguous. As a result, Gert deteriorated into a post-tropical cyclone over the open Atlantic.

Tropical Storm Harvey
Tropical Storm Harvey formed on August 18. Harvey made landfall in Belize. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Harvey on August 19. By late August 19 the storm was strengthening rapidly and it was announced that it could become a hurricane just before landfall. However, it only strengthened a little bit. The storm then broke the Atlantic record for having eight tropical storms that did not become a hurricane. Harvey was then downgraded into a depression though it briefly regained tropical storm status in the Bay of Campeche. The storm then dissipated on August 22.

Hurricane Irene
Hurricane Irene

Hurricane Irene formed on August 20. It became a hurricane while it passed through Puerto Rico. Irene then became the first hurricane of the season. Irene became a category 2 hurricane before reaching the Bahamas. It then strengthen into a major hurricane. Irene then became the first major hurricane of the season as well. Irene made landfall on Cape Lookout, North Carolina as a category 1 hurricane with 85 mph winds with an unusually low pressure for a category 1 hurricane. It then moved northeast. After weakening to a tropical storm, Irene made a second U.S. landfall at Brigantine Island in New Jersey at 5:35 a.m. The storm then moved northern and impacted New York City and New England. A total of 56 people were confirmed dead across the Caribbean, 10 U.S. states and Canada in the aftermath and damage from Hurricane Irene totaled $19 billion (2011 USD), making it the fifth costliest hurricane in the Atlantic basin. Irene then dissipated on August 29.

Tropical Depression Ten
Tropical Depression Ten formed on August 25. It moved off the coast from Africa. It then began to move northeast. The storm dissipated the next day.

Tropical Storm Jose 

Tropical Storm Jose formed on August 27. Jose did not make any landfall.
Yet very early on August 28 and during the next few hours, the tropical wave partially strengthened as conditions for development slightly improved. However, early on August 28 – during the morning hours – the tropical wave nearly dissipated due to the high wind shear once again, this time generated by Hurricane Irene, after the tropical wave passed east to the south of Bermuda. But soon afterwards on August 28, the tropical wave managed to develop into Tropical Storm Jose, just to the west of Bermuda; Jose then began to move north-northeast, slowly. It lasted only 27 hours, as it dissipated on August 29.

Hurricane Katia
Hurricane Katia formed on August 29. It became the season's second hurricane early on September 1; however, its strength fluctuated until September 4 when it reached category 2 hurricane strength. On September 5 the system reached Category 3 (major hurricane status). Katia further strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane on September 5. It was downgraded to a category 1 storm by the end of the following day, and remained at that strength even as it became extra-tropical. The storm was of potential concern and was being monitored closely as it may have indirectly impacted the east coast of the United States and Canada. Warnings of severe weather were made for Northern Ireland and Scotland for the remnants of Katia. Its remnants struck the UK and the Republic of Ireland on September 11 and September 12, killing one. Its remnants caused blackouts as far east as Saint Petersburg.
Unnamed Tropical Storm 

The Unnamed Tropical Storm formed on September 1 east of Boston, Massachusetts as a tropical depression. The storm continued to strengthen and became a tropical storm later that day. It lost all of its tropical characteristics on September 2.

Tropical Storm Lee 
Tropical Storm Lee formed on September 1. It moved into the Gulf of Mexico. It made landfall in Lafayette, Louisiana as a minor tropical storm. It then moved northeastern before it dissipated on September 5.

Hurricane Maria 
Hurricane Maria formed on September 6. It moved close to Puerto Rico bringing a lot of rain to the island. Maria became a category 1 hurricane before it made landfall in Newfoundland. Maria then dissipated on September 16.

Hurricane Nate 
Hurricane Nate formed on September 7. Nate made landfall near the Mexican coastline. It dissipated on September 12.
Hurricane Ophelia 
Hurricane Ophelia formed on September 20. Ophelia then became a remnant low five days later. On September 27, the storm began to build strength. It then became a category 1 hurricane on September 30. On the same day, it became a category 2 hurricane. The next day, the storm became a category 3 hurricane. On October 1, the storm became a category 4 hurricane. After wards, the storm weakened quickly and lost its tropical features on October 3.

Hurricane Philippe 
Tropical Storm Philippe formed on September 24. It was a tropical storm for 12 days before becoming a category 1 hurricane on October 6. It weakened again to a tropical storm the next day and was no longer tropical on October 8.
Hurricane Rina 
Hurricane Rina formed on October 23 in the Caribbean Sea as a tropical depression. It began to strengthen quickly and became Tropical Storm Rina just hours later. On October 24, Rina reached Category 1 hurricane status. It was still strengthening quickly by October 25, with Rina becoming a category 2 hurricane in the morning hours. It later weakened again to a Category 1 hurricane, then a tropical storm. It continued to weaken, it then became a tropical depression (39 mph or less) on October 28. It became post-tropical (lost its tropical features) later that day.

Tropical Storm Sean
A large area of cloud that moved off North Carolina became Tropical Storm Sean with winds of 50 mph on November 8. The storm continued to strengthen and peaked at 65 mph. It dissipated on November 12 because of being merged with a cold front.

Storm names
Storm names

Retirement 
In the spring of 2012, the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) has retired the name "Irene". The name "Irene" will never be used again in the Atlantic. "Irma" was chosen to replace that name.

References

Other websites 

 HPC rainfall page for 2011 Tropical Cyclones
 National Hurricane Center Website
 National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook
 Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability Guidance Product

Atlantic hurricane seasons
Atlantic hurricane season
Oxygen is a US TV channel, currently available in 65 million homes. It was launched in 2000 and carries programming aimed at women.

Shows

Current airing

Live-action
The Bad Girls Club
Tori & Dean: Inn Love
Jersey Couture
Dance Your Ass Off
Snapped
Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too
Running Russell Simmons 
Hair Battle Spectacular 
Minute To Win It
America's Got Talent
All About Aubrey 
The World According to Paris
sTORIbook Weddings
The Glee Project

Animated
Adventure Time
Boj
Camp Lakebottom
The Fairly OddParents
Littlest Pet Shop
SpongeBob SquarePants
Steven Universe
Uncle Grandpa
Wander Over Yonder

Other shows

Live-action 
A Different World
America's Next Top Model
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Ellen
Grace Under Fire (2001-2006)
Living Single
Mad About You
Roseanne (2005-present)
Xena: Warrior Princess
The Tyra Banks Show
Whitney (2011)
Animated 
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
Almost Naked Animals
American Dragon: Jake Long
Boyster
Eliot Kid
El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera
Famous 5: On The Case
Get Ace
Grojband
I.N.K. Invisible Network of Kids
Jankenman
Kim Possible
My Life as a Teenage Robot
Packages from Planet X
Phineas and Ferb
Regular Show
Sally Bollywood: Super Detective
The Day My Butt Went Psycho!
Zombie Hotel

Upcoming

Live-action
Who Wears it Best
TBA Mischa Barton Reality Series

Animated
Star vs. the Forces of Evil
Penn Zero: Part Time Hero
Get Blake!
Zip Zip

Past shows

Live-action 
Bad Girls Road Trip
Bliss
Campus Ladies
Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty
Fight Girls
House of Glam 
Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency
Mo'Nique's Fat Chance
O2Be
Oprah After the Show
Suburban Shootout
Tease
Deion & Pilar: Prime Time Love
Addicted to Beauty
Naughty kitchen
Captured
Inhale Yoga with Steve Ross
Animated 
6teen
Atomic Betty
All Grown Up!
Braceface
The Buzz on Maggie
Caillou
Captain Flamingo
ChalkZone
Chaotic
Code Lyoko
Codename: Kids Next Door
Dude, That's My Ghost!
Edgar and Ellen
Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
Grossology
Growing Up Creepie
Happy Tree Friends
Hey Arnold
Iggy Arbuckle
Invader Zim
Jackie Chan Adventures
Kappa Mikey
Justice League Unlimited
The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack
Mucha Lucha!
Napoleon Dynamite
Ned's Newt
One Piece
Pepper Ann
The Powerpuff Girls
The Problem Solverz
Rated A for Awesome
The Replacements
Rocket Power
Sidekick
Supernormal
Time Squad
Time Warp Trio
Timothy Goes to School
Tutenstein
Ulysses 31
Viewtiful Joe
Wayside
The X's
Xiaolin Showdown
Yin Yang Yo!
Zevo-3

References

Other websites 

American television networks
Kerry Harvick (born September 10, 1974; Comanche, Texas) is an American country music singer. She first appeared on Oxygen's first season of The Bad Girls Club.

Discography

References

Living people
1974 births
Country musicians
singers from Texas
Ireland's Call is the anthem for the Ireland national rugby union team. The anthem replaced "Amhrán na bhFiann" because the players had came from both Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Lyrics 
In most games today, the first part has been sung, then the chorus two times.

Part 1

Come the day and come the hour

Come the power and the glory

We have come to answer our country's call

From the four proud provinces of Ireland

Chorus

Ireland, Ireland

Together standing tall

Shoulder to shoulder

We'll answer Ireland's call

Part 2

From the mighty glens of Antrim

From the rugged hills of Galway

From the walls of Limerick and Dublin Bay

From the four proud provinces of Ireland

Part 3

Hearts of steel and heads unbowing

Vowing never to be broken

We will fight until we can fight no more

For the four proud provinces of Ireland

Part 4

Erin's warriors, clad in emerald

Steadfast souls confront their challenge

'Neath the glass sky they assemble

For the four proud provinces of Ireland
Sport in Ireland
Sports team songs
Irish culture
The ancient Chinese musical system depends on very ancient mathematics used to determine sound frequencies. The easiest way to explain it is to work through a real example.

Suppose that somebody wanted to make a musical instrument that could play any song in the ancient Chinese system. Here are the instructions:
Make a wooden box 105 cm long and 60 cm wide. Put guides for the strings near each end of the box, and fix it so that these two guides are 99 cm apart. 
Multiply 99 cm by 2/3, which is 66 cm. Place a fret all the way across the box on the 66 cm line.
Multiply 66 cm by 4/3, which is 88 cm. Place a fret along the 88 cm line. 
Multiply 88 cm by 2/3, which is 58.66...6 cm. Place a fret along this line. 
Multiply 58.66...6 cm by 4/3, which is 78.22...2 cm. Place a fret along this line. 
Multiply 78.22...2 cm by 2/3, which is 54.148148...148 cm. Place a fret along this line.
Multiply 54.148148...148 cm by 4/3, which is 69.531 cm. Place a fret along this line.
Multiply 69.531 cm by 2/3, which is 46.354 -- and which is too short, so double it to get 92.708 cm. Place a fret along this line.
Multiply 92.708 cm by 4/3...
Multiply the previous answer by 2/3...
Keep going until you have put down eleven frets.
Counting the frequency on the open string and the frequencies on the fretted strings, for each string there will be 12 defined frequencies.

Tune the bottom string to some basic frequency. Tune the next string to the frequency of the bottom string at the first fret. Tune the third string to the bottom string's second fret. Keep going until you have tuned all twelve strings. 

When you pluck these strings at all the fretted and unfretted positions, you will get 144 frequencies. Some of them will be duplicates, but not as many as you might think because this system is not like the Equal tempered system now used for almost all Western music.

Out of each twelve frequencies on a single string, you can make many selections of either five frequencies (for the pentatonic scales) or seven frequencies (for the heptatonic scales).
Here is a chart showing how frequencies and scales can be produced. The frequency of 440 hertz could have been any other frequency. Once this frequency is chosen, it is multiplied by the ratios to produce the first column of frequencies. Each of these 12 frequencies is used to start its own column. (See the dotted red line for one example.) Any five frequencies in a column can be chosen to make a pentatonic scale, as long as they are not right together and are not more than two apart. 

In the United States, students are taught the scale whose notes are named: "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and ti." Those seven (known to many from the "Doe, a deer, a female deer" song) produce a major scale. In Western music we also use a minor scale fairly frequently. But we only have those two. Chinese traditional music uses five different scales of five notes each. It also has pentatonic scales, but they are not discussed in this article.

References 

Chinese music‎
The Enemy is a young adult horror novel. It was written by English author Charlie Higson. The novel takes place in London. It is about the life of children after a worldwide sickness has turned adults into zombies. It was published by Puffin Books in the UK on 3 September 2009.

Other websites
Official website

2009 books
British young adult novels
Horror novels
David Patrick Bernard Norris (born 1 July 1944) is an Irish scholar, independent Senator, and gay and civil rights activist.

He was in the election for President of Ireland in 2011.  If elected, he would have become the world's first openly gay head of state.  He left the race before the election.

Norris lives in his house in Dublin. The house is on North Great Georges Street. When he bought the house he became a landlord.

He was a lecturer in Trinity College Dublin. He is especially interested in James Joyce.

References

Living people
1944 births
Irish politicians
A spinneret is the part of a spider's body that makes its silk. Spiders have one, two, or three pairs of spinnerets. The spinnerets are usually close together. 

Spiders
The Endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue which lines the inside of the heart. It plays a role in controlling the function of the myocardium, the heart muscle. The endocardium is made of simple epithelial cells similar to those which line blood vessels.

In addition to lining the inside of the heart, the endocardium also regulates heart contractions and aids cardiac embryo development.

Heart
Anatomy of the cardiovascular system
This is the singles discography page of American singer Selena. This list has her 93 singles, two EPs and eight duets she had made in her music career. Selena was named the "top Latin artist of the '90s" as well as the "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" by Billboard. Mostly because of her fourteen top-ten singles in the Top Latin Songs chart, including seven number-one hits. To date, Selena has sold over 5,000,000 singles worldwide.
"Contigo Quiero Estar" () was the lead single from Selena (1989). The song peaked at number eight on the US Hot Latin Tracks. "Baila Esta Cumbia" () was the lead single from Ven Conmigo (1990). The song peaked at number 20 on the Hot Latin Tracks. The song "Buenos Amigos" () was a duet with Salvadoran singer Alvaro Torres. The song peaked at number-one on the Hot Latin Tracks. It became Selena's and Torres' first number-one single. The song was a non-album single for Selena because it was not included in any of Selena's albums when she was alive. "La Carcacha" () became the lead single off of Entre A Mi Mundo (1992). The song peaked at number seven on the Latin Regional Mexican Airplay chart. "Como La Flor" () became one of Selena's signature songs. The song peaked at number-one on the Hot Latin Tracks. It became Selena's first song to peak at number-one as a solo artist. "¿Qué Creias?" () became the third single released from Entre A Mi Mundo. The song peaked at number 14 on the Hot Latin Tracks
. "Como La Flor", "La Carcacha" and "¿Qué Creias?" helped Selena to be accepted into Mexico. She began touring there for the first time and broke several audience attendance records. After Selena had won her first Grammy Award for Selena Live! (1993), the album released three singles. "No Debes Jugar" (), "La Llamada" () and "Tu Robaste Mi Corazon" () peaked within the top five of the Hot Latin Tracks chart.
When Amor Prohibido (1994) was released, it had four number-one singles. Selena became the first Hispanic singer to do this. The four number-one singles were "Amor Prohibido" (), "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom", "No Me Queda Mas" () and "Fotos y Recuerdos" (). These songs helped expanded Selena's fan base. The non-album single "Donde Quiera Que Estes" () peaked at number-one on both the Hot Latin Tracks and Latin Regional Mexican Airplay charts. The song was a duet with the Barrio Boyzz. The song made Selena to tour in New York City, Puerto Rico, South America and Central America where she was not known before. The songs "Amor Prohibido" and "No Me Queda Mas" became the most successful singles of 1994 and 1995 in the United States Hispanic communities and Mexico.
Selena began recording songs for her crossover album. She only recorded six by January 20, 1995. She was killed on March 31, 1995. The album was released on July 18, 1995 as Dreaming of You. "I Could Fall in Love" peaked at number-one on the Hot Latin Tracks while also peaking in eight different countries worldwide. "Dreaming of You" peaked at number-one in five different music charts worldwide. The song peaked in 13 different countries worldwide. It sold 4,798,706 copies worldwide, while selling 2,000,000 copies in the United States. The song was certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The song was given 11 certifications worldwide. It is among the best-selling singles worldwide. It is the second-fastest-selling single of 1995 in the United States. The song was the 83rd best-selling single of the 1990s in the United Kingdom. It also became the 65th best-selling single of the 1990s in France
. "Dreaming of You" and "I Could Fall in Love" continues to be played on radio stations in the United States. The most recent peak positions for the songs was in 2010. The Barrio Boyzz recorded their duet with Selena in English for the crossover album. The English version stood on Spain's music chart for two years straight. After Selena's murder, eighteen singles were released. Many of those peaked in music charts in the United States, Spanish-speaking countries, France and Canada.
Singles

Non-singles

EPs 
Pop (1998)
Ranchera (1998)

Duets

Related pages
Selena albums discography
Selena y Los Dinos discography

References 

Discographies of American artists
Beelzebufo was a large frog discovered in the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar. The media called it 'Devil Toad', and 'The Frog From Hell'. The frog lived  some 70 million years ago.

With a body length of about 16 inches (40.5 cm) the frog was larger than any living frog. Its weight in life was about 9-10 lbs (4.5 kg).

Relationships 
The bones of the skull roof shows a rugous (wrinkled) external surface, indicating that at least parts of the head may have borne bony scutes.

The Beelzebufo was a member of the horned toad sub-family, the Ceratophryinae. Living members of the family are found only in South America, but were once more widely distributed in Gondwana. Both South America and Madagascar were part of the supercontinent Gondwana before it broke up in the Cretaceous.
Habits 
Beelzebufo was an ambush predator whose wide mouth let it eat relatively large prey, perhaps even juvenile dinosaurs. It probably lived in warm, seasonally dry habitats with occasional pools of water. Its modern relatives live in similar habitats, and can burrow.

References 

Frogs
Fossils
Cretaceous
IUCN Red List extinct species