Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Thal is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the center of the canton.

Thal contains the following municipalities:
Thierstein is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the north of the canton. 

Thierstein contains 12 municipalities:
Wasseramt is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the south of the canton. 
 
Wasseramt contains these municipalities:
Waterboarding is a type of torture that has been used for a long time. It was often used to make people confess.

The victim is tied onto a table or wooden board. The questioner has a helper, whose job it is to pour water on the victim's nose and mouth through a towel or cloth, to make it difficult for him to breathe. If and when the victim is supplying answers that the questioner deems acceptable, the victim (ideally) is permitted to breathe. 

In modern times waterboarding has been in use in Guantanamo Bay and has been a major political argument. Its use by American forces was banned by President Barack Obama in 2009.

References 

Torture
Aedermannsdorf is a municipality of the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities in Thal District
Aeschi is a municipality of the district of  Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. Burgäschisee is a lake in the forest on the border with Seeberg.

The municipality of Steinhof merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Aeschi.

References

Other websites

Official website 

Municipalities in Wasseramt District
Burgäschisee is a lake by Aeschi in Switzerland. It is on the border of the cantons of Berne and Solothurn. The lake has a surface area of . It is  deep at its deepest point.

Other websites

Burgäschisee  Tourist information 

Lakes of Bern
Canton of Solothurn
Aetigkofen is a former municipality in the new municipality of Buchegg and district Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Aetingen is a former municipality in the new municipality of Buchegg and in the district Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Balm bei Günsberg is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lebern District
Balsthal is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Thal District
Beinwil is a municipality in the district Thierstein in Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Thierstein District
Bellach is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Lebern District
Bettlach is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lebern District
Biberist is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Wasseramt District
Biezwil is a municipality in the district Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Bucheggberg District
Bolken is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Wasseramt District
Boningen is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Olten District
The Thousand Islands International Bridge is an international bridge that goes over the Saint Lawrence River. It connects the north part of New York in the United States with south east part of Ontario in Canada. It was made in 1937. Builders added parts in 1959.  The bridge goes over the edge that Canada and United States share in the middle of the Thousand Islands area. It gets its name from the name of the area.  The bridge is governed by the Thousand Island Bridge Authority, an agency that works around the world.

The bridge is not a single bridge. It is really a lot of bridges that go across parts of the St. Lawrence River, eventually connecting both sides. The south end of the bridge connects with Interstate 81, an interstate.  The north side of the bridge connects to Highway 137, a highway in Ontario. There is also an intersection with the Thousand Islands Parkway, a mini highway on the Ontario side.
Thousand Island Bridge Authority is doing a study to find out when the bridge will get to its working limits and how to make no waiting time on the bridge.

The international border is between Wellesley Island in the United States and Hill Island in Canada.

The bridge is much taller than it appears in the photograph to the right. The highest point is 150 feet above the water.

References

Other websites 

Bridges in Canada
Bridges in New York (state)
Transport in Ontario
Concrete bridges
Steel bridges
Suspension bridges
The Siege of Orleans (1428 – 1429) was an important event in the Hundred Years' War between France and England. This was Joan of Arc's first success and the first big success for the French since the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. 

The city of Orleans was at an important place on the river Loire. The English controlled large parts of France when they started the siege, and Orleans was the last thing stopping them from attacking the rest of France. There was not much south of the river to defend the people who served Charles VII of France, so the English came close to joining their northern lands in France with the land they controlled at Aquitaine.

The siege started on October 12, 1428 and its only major action until Joan of Arc arrived was the Battle of the Herrings. She initiated several attacks that ended the siege on May 8, 1429 - nine days after her arrival.

Orleans
Orléans
1428
1429
1420s in Europe
15th century in England
15th century in France
Orleans
The Battle of Agincourt was fought on 25 October 1415 and was a major win for England against France in the Hundred Years' War. It led to several later English victories. Henry V of England led the English army and Constable of France Charles d'Albret led a larger French army. King Charles of France didn't engage because he was mentally unwell. Henry V was involved in hand to hand combat and was struck by an axe but his helmet saved him.    

The English longbow was an important weapon for killing and winning this battle. It was more powerful than the French crossbow and they had more of them. The majority of the army were bowmen. The English army used sharp wooden archer's stakes to protect the archers from French mounted knights.
The English took prisoners but killed all except those of high rank. Overall the French lost 8000 men and the English lost 100 but historians are unsure of the actual numbers. The French mainly lost because they wore heavy armour and got stuck in the sticky mud at Azincourt (Agincourt).

Agincourt
1415
15th century in England
15th century in France
October events
Charles V (21 January 1338 — 16 September 1380), called the Wise (French: le Sage) was the King of France from 1364 until his death in 1380. He was a member of the House of Valois and was the third french king to rule under the dynasty. He was born in Vincennes, the son of the future King John II of France (then known as Dauphin John) and Bonne of Luxembourg. Charles was 11 years old when his mother Bonne of Luxembourg died. A year later when Charles was 12, his grandfather, King Philip VI died. John then became the King of France and Charles became the Dauphin. Also, his father got remarried to Joan I, Countess of Auvergne. After his father was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356, Charles acted as the Regent of France until his father's death in 1364.
His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War. His armies recovered large parts of the territory from King Edward III of England that had been given to England under the reign of his predecessors at the Treaty of Brétigny. He and his armies also defeated Edward III's fleet and kicked the English troops out of France.

Charles died on 16 September 1380 at the age of 42 in Beauté-sur-Marne near Vincennes and was succeeded by his 12 year old son, Charles VI. He was buried in Saint Denis Basilica.
Charles was a successful king. He was very capable and was also very intelligent. He was very popular around France and was undoubtedly one of France's greatest kings. These reasons eventually gave him the nickname, "the Wise". He also improved the economy of France and stabilized and centralized the country and left a stable throne and a stable country for his son and successor, Charles VI. However, under the reign of Charles VI, the country lad lost lands allowing the English to regain it and that the country became destabilized and decentralized.

1338 births
1380 deaths
House of Valois
Kings and Queens of France
Vincennes
People from Val-de-Marne
Émile Zola () (2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a major French writer and the most important naturalist writer.  He worked toward political liberalization of France.

Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902. His death from carbon monoxide poisoning is suspected to have been suicide.
Works by Emile Zola 
 Contes á Ninon, (1864)
 La Confession de Claude (1865)
 Thérèse Raquin (1867)
 Madeleine Férat (1868)
 Le Roman Experimental (1880)
 Les Rougon-Macquart
 La Fortune des Rougon (1871)
 La Curée (1871–72)
 Le Ventre de Paris (1873)
 La Conquête de Plassans (1874)
 La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret (1875)
 Son Excellence Eugène Rougon (1876)
 L'Assommoir (1877)
 Une Page d'amour (1878)
 Nana (1880)
 Pot-Bouille (1882)
 Au Bonheur des Dames (1883)
 La Joie de vivre (1884)
 Germinal (1885)
 L'Œuvre (1886)
 La Terre (1887)
 Le Rêve (1888)
 La Bête humaine (1890)
 L'Argent (1891)
 La Débâcle (1892)
 Le Docteur Pascal (1893)
 Les Trois Villes
 Lourdes (1894)
 Rome (1896)
 Paris (1898)
 Les Quatre Evangiles
 Fécondité (1899)
 Travail (1901)
 Vérité (1903, published posthumously)
 Justice (unfinished)

References

Other websites 
 Émile Zola, his work in audio version
Writers from Paris
French journalists
French novelists
French playwrights
1840 births
1902 deaths
Accidental deaths in France
Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning
Suicides by gas
The Capetian Dynasty includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Felipe VI of Spain and the grand duke of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the Bourbon branch of the dynasty.

The direct Capetians ruled France from the years 987-1328. After that the junior House of Valois ruled France until 1589, and the House of Bourbon ruled until the revolution of 1792.

History of France
Charles the Bald (13 June 823 - 6 October 877) was King Charles II of France (843-877). He was also the Holy Roman Emperor (875-877) and King of West Francia (840-877).

Marriages, family and children
Charles married Ermentrude, daughter of Odo I, Count of Orléans, in 842. She died in 869. In 870, Charles married Richilde of Provence, who was descended from a noble family of Lorraine.

With Ermentrude:
 Judith (844–870), married firstly with Athelwulf of Wessex, secondly with Athelbald of Wessex (her stepson) and thirdly with Baldwin I of Flanders
 Louis the Stammerer (846–879)
 Charles the Child (847–866)
 Lothar the Lame (848–866), monk in 861, became Abbot of Saint-Germain
 Carloman (849–876)
 Rotrud (852–912), a nun, Abbess of Saint-Radegunde
 Ermentrud (854–877), a nun, Abbess of Hasnon
 Hildegard (born 856, died young)
 Gisela (857–874)
 Godehilde (864-907)
With Richilde:
 Rothild (871–929), married firstly to Hugues, Count of Bourges and secondly to Roger, Count of Maine
 Drogo (872–873)
 Pippin (873–874)
 a son (born and died 875)
 Charles (876–877)

References 

823 births
877 deaths
Frankish rulers
Holy Roman Emperors
9th century in Europe
Louis II (1 November 846 — 10 April 879) nicknamed the Stammerer (French: le Bègue) was the King of West Francia from 877 until his death in 879. He was the oldest son and the second child of King Charles II of France and Ermentrude of Orléans. He succeded his father as king in October 877 and was crowned  two days after his accession.

Louis was physically weak. He couldn't speak very well. Unlike his father, he never became the Holy Roman Emperor. He had little interest in politics. He was a sweet and a simple man, a huge lover of peace, justice, and religion. His short two-year reign was very peaceful.

In 879, Louis started a campaign against the Vikings who were donanating over Europe at that time. However, as soon as the campaign began, Louis felt ill and died on 10 April 879 at the age of 33. He was succeeded by his two sons, Louis III and Carloman II who both successfully defeated the Vikings together at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu in 881.
Louis had achievements during his reign. He played a significant role in the ongoing struggles between the Carolingian dynasty and the Viking invaders, successfully defending the Frankish kingdom against Vikings. His dedication to securing the borders and maintaining peace within the realm earned him respect and admiration from his subjects and his people.

References

846 births
879 deaths
Frankish kings
Gabdulla Tukay (April 26, 1886 - April 15, 1913) was a Tatar poet, a classic of the Tatar literature, a critic and a publicist. Tukay was the founder of the modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary language. 

1886 births
1913 deaths
Tatars
Russian poets
Metropolis (1927) is a West German silent science drama movie. It was written and directed by Fritz Lang. It was made in Germany. It was the most expensive silent movie of the time.  The movie is set in 2026 in a city-state called Metropolis. People have been divided into two groups. One group is the thinkers. They live on the Earth in luxury. The other group is the workers. They work underground. They make the life of the thinkers possible. 
The movie features special effects and set design. Lang took his inspiration for the sets from Manhattan. The movie opened in Germany in January 1927. It opened in the United States in March 1927. The American print is the only surviving copy.

References

Other websites 

 Metropolis: A Film Far Ahead of its Time 
 The official site of the new restoration 
 About restoring 'Metropolis' 
 Metropolis novelization by Thea von Harbou
 Metropolis at the UNESCO Memory of the World register
 
 
 Metropolis  at MetaCritic
1927 movies
Science fiction movies
German silent movies
German science fiction movies
Movies directed by Fritz Lang
Dystopian movies
A mathematical proof is a way to show that a mathematical theorem is true. To prove a theorem is to show that theorem holds in all cases (where it claims to hold). To prove a statement, one can either use axioms, or theorems which have already been shown to be true. Many techniques for proving a statements exist, and these include proof by induction, proof by contraction and proof by cases.

Proof by induction 

One type of proof is called proof by induction. This is usually used to prove that a theorem holds for all numbers (or all numbers from some point onwards). There are 4 steps in a proof by induction.

1. State that the proof will be by induction, and state which variable will be used in the induction step.

2. Prove that the statement is true for some beginning case.

3. Assume that for some value n = n0, the statement is true and has all of the properties listed in the statement. This is called the induction step.

4. Show that the statement is true for the next value, n0+1.
Once that is shown, it would mean that for any value of n that is picked, the next one is true. Since it is true for some beginning case (usually n=1), it's true for the next one (n=2). And since it is true for 2, it must be true for 3. And since it is true for 3, it must be true for 4, etc. Induction shows that it is always true, precisely because it is true for whatever comes after any given number.

An example of proof by induction is as follows:

Prove that for all natural numbers n, 2(1+2+3+....+n-1+n)=n(n+1).

Proof: First, the statement can be written as "For all natural numbers n, 2=n(n+1)."

By induction on n,

First, for n=1, 2=2(1)=1(1+1), so this is true.

Next, assume that for some n=n0 the statement is true. That is, 2 = n0(n0+1).

Then for n=n0+1, 2 can be rewritten 2(n0+1) + 2.

Since 2 = n0(n0+1), 2n0+1 + 2 = 2(n0+1) + 2n0(n0+1).

So 2(n0+1) + 2n0(n0+1)= 2(n0+1)(n0 + 2), which completes the proof.
Proof by contradiction 
Proof by contradiction is a way of proving a mathematical theorem by showing that if the statement were false, then there would be a logical contradiction involved. That is, if one of the results of the theorem is assumed to be false, then there would be some inconsistency with the logic.

When proving a theorem by way of contradiction, it is important to note that in the beginning of the proof. This is usually abbreviated BWOC. When the contradiction appears in the proof, there is usually a ⨳ symbol involved.

Related pages
 Constructive proof
 Direct proof
 Mathematical logic
 Quadratic equation, which can be solved using a kind of proof called "completing the square"
 Reductio ad absurdum

References 

Mathematics
The Wicker Man is a cult 1973 British horror movie, made and set in Scotland. The movie was directed by Robin Hardy and written by Anthony Shaffer. It stars Edward Woodward, Christopher Lee, Diane Cilento, Ingrid Pitt and Britt Ekland. Paul Giovanni composed the soundtrack.

A police sergeant, Neil Howie goes to a remote island in the Hebrides to investigate the disappearance of a young girl, Rowan. He finds out that the island is run by a pagan cult who are hostile of outsiders, including him. They practice human sacrifice. He believes that Rowan will be used as their human sacrifice. The islanders force Neil into a wicker man and burn him to death.
The Wicker Man is generally very highly regarded by critics. Movie magazine Cinefantastique described it as "The Citizen Kane of Horror Movies", and in 2004 the magazine Total Movie named The Wicker Man the sixth greatest British movie of all time. It also won the 1978 Saturn Award for Best Horror movie. A scene from this movie was #45 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.

The 2006 remake of this movie stars Nicolas Cage.

References
 Brown, Allan, Inside The Wicker Man: The Morbid Ingenuities, London: Macmillan, 2000. .
 Catterall, Ali & Wells, Simon, Your Face Here: British Cult Movies Since The Sixties, Fourth Estate, 2001.

Other websites

 wicker-man.com An extensive fansite devoted to the movie
 
 
 Interview: Director Robin Hardy talks about the film to Fortean Times 
 Interview with director Robin Hardy about The Wicker Man and Cowboys For Christ in MungBeing

1973 horror movies
1973 mystery movies
British horror movies
Cult movies
Movies about cults
Movies about human sacrifice
Movies about murderers
Movies about police officers
Movies set in Scotland
Ushuaia is the capital city of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego. The climate is cool and wet. About 64,000 people live there. Ushuaia is the southernmost city in the world.

References 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina
Puerto Iguazú is a city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. The city is near the Iguazu Falls. More than 32,000 people live in Puerto Iguazú.

Cities in Argentina
Misiones Province
La Plata is a capital city of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. More than 600,000 people live there.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Buenos Aires Province
Mendoza is the capital city of the Mendoza Province in Argentina. It is the 4th largest city in Argentina (after Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Rosario).

Population 
It has about 111,000 inhabitants, with another 848,660 more inhabitants in the city area.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Mendoza Province
Córdoba is a Province of Argentina.

The city of Córdoba is its capital.

Population
Córdoba has a population of 3,066,801 inhabitants (as of 2001).
Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner (February 19, 1953), also called Cristina Fernández, CFK or Cristina Kirchner, is an Argentine attorney and politician. She has been the Vice President of Argentina since 2019. She was the President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015. She was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. She is the daughter of Eduardo Fernandez ( of Spanish descent) a bus driver, and Ofelia Esther Wilhelm (of German descent). She is a lawyer and she was married to former Argentinian president Néstor Kirchner from 1975 until his death in 2010.

She was elected president in October 2007. She was re-elected to a second term in October 2011.
On 30 September 2020, the federal criminal cassation court confirmed the corruption trials of Fernández de Kirchner, ruling the former president's objections to be inadmissible. After analyzing the claims of the defendants in the case for the never-ratified Memorandum with Iran, on 7 October 2021, the Federal Oral Court 8 declared the case null and void. The judges concluded that there was no crime in the signing of the agreement with Iran, and declared a judicial dismissal of Cristina Kirchner and the other defendants. On 6 December 2022, she was sentenced to six years in prison and a lifetime ban from holding public office for corruption, and has stated her intention to appeal the verdict.

Assassination attempt in 2022
On September 1, 2022, after 9:00 p.m., the Brazilian Fernando Andres Sabag Montiel attempted to assassinate Cristina Kirchner outside her home in the Recoleta neighborhood. He pointed a 380-caliber Bersa pistol at his head and fired the shot but the bullet did not come out, and he was subdued by security personnel. The Vice President of Argentina was unharmed. It happened when she was returning to her home and signing books.

References

1953 births
Living people
Argentine lawyers
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Argentina
Néstor Kirchner
Politicians from Buenos Aires
Presidents of Argentina
Roman Catholics
Vice presidents of Argentina
Río Cuarto is a city in the center of Argentina.

In 2010, 157,000 people lived there, making it Córdoba Province's third largest city.

Cities in Argentina
Córdoba Province (Argentina)
Salta is a city in the north of Argentina.

It is the capital of Salta Province. In 2010, 618,375 people lived there.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Salta Province
This is a list of Argentine football teams by Division. Teams are in alphabetical order.

Primera División (2018-19) 

(Source:)

Primera B Nacional (2018-19)

Primera B Metropolitana (2014)

References 

Lists of football teams
football teams
Club Atlético River Plate, commonly known as River Plate, is an Argentine professional football club. They are based in Buenos Aires, and play their home games at Estadio Monumental. 

The name of the club is English for Río de la Plata. They are the most succcessful club in Argentina, with 36 league titles. River Plate has a very strong rivalry with Boca Juniors, mainly because both teams are from Buenos Aires and also are considered the biggest teams in Argentina. Matches between them sometimes involve violence between supporters.

Current squad

Related pages
 List of Argentine football teams

References 

Football clubs in Buenos Aires
The national flag of Argentina was created in 1812 by Manuel Belgrano.

Appearance 
It has three horizontal bands in light blue, white and light blue; and a yellow sun in the center.

Argentina
National symbols of Argentina
José de San Martín (25 February 177817 August 1850) was an Argentine general and politician.  He was born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, Argentina. He liberated Argentina, Peru and Chile from Spain. In 1817, he crossed the Andes from Mendoza to Chile. Together with Simón Bolívar, San Martín is called one of the Liberators of South America.

Other websites

1778 births
1850 deaths
Argentine generals
Argentine politicians
Tandil is a city of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

Location 
The city is about 330 km from La Plata and Bahía Blanca, 160 km from Mar del Plata, and 360 km from Buenos Aires

Population
Its population is about 110,000 inhabitants.

Cities in Argentina
Buenos Aires Province
Bahía Blanca is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

History 
The city was founded in 1828 with the appearance of the Argentine Protective Fortress. It has a population is about 335,190 inhabitants, according to the 2022 stadistics.

Location 
It is in the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

 
1828 establishments
19th-century establishments in Argentina
1820s establishments in South America
San Carlos de Bariloche, also known as Bariloche, is a city of Argentina in the Río Negro Province.

Location 
The city is located on the Andes, 1570 km south-east of Buenos Aires.

Population 
Barilloche has a population of 93.101 inhabitants. It's the largest city in Río Negro.

Understand 

Cities in Argentina
Río Negro Province
Plot
The movie shows the events before and after a robbery at a jewelry shop in Los Angeles, California, that went wrong. The men are given nicknames with colours so that they do not know each others names; Mr. Blonde (Michael Madsen), Mr. Blue (Eddie Bunker), Mr. Brown (Quentin Tarantino), Mr. Orange (Tim Roth), Mr. Pink (Steve Buscemi), and Mr. White (Harvey Keitel). They work for a gangster Joe Cabot (Lawrence Tierney) and his son, "Nice Guy" Eddie (Chris Penn).

The robbery goes wrong and several of the men are killed, and Mr. Orange is shot and bleeding. The rest of the men return to the hideout and talk about what went wrong. Mr. Blonde has captured a police officer, Marvin Nash (Kirk Baltz) and beat him to try to get an answer. Mr. Blonde tries to torture the police officer while the rest of the men are away but is killed by Mr. Orange who is actually an undercover police officer.
The rest of the men argue and are in a Mexican standoff and are all shot. Mr. Pink, who hid from the shootout, steals the diamonds and runs away.

Cast

The Reservoir Dogs
Harvey Keitel as Larry Dimmick, a.k.a. Mr. White
Tim Roth as Freddy Newandyke, a.k.a. Mr. Orange
Michael Madsen as Vic Vega, a.k.a. Mr. Blonde
Chris Penn as Nice Guy Eddie Cabot
Steve Buscemi as Mr. Pink
Lawrence Tierney as Joe Cabot
Eddie Bunker as Mr. Blue
Quentin Tarantino as Mr. Brown

Others/cameos
Randy Brooks as Holdaway
Kirk Baltz as Marvin Nash
Rich Turner as Sheriff #1
David Steen as Sheriff #2
Tony Cosmo as Sheriff #3
Stevo Poliy as Sheriff #4
Michael Sottile as Teddy
Robert Ruth as Shot Cop
Lawrence Bender as Young Cop
Linda Kaye as Shocked Woman
Suzanne Celeste as Shot Woman
Steven Wright (voice) as the K-Billy DJ
Critical reaction
At the movie's release at the Sundance Film Festival, movie critic Jami Bernard of the New York Daily News compared the effect of Reservoir Dogs to that of the 1895 movie L'Arrivée d'un Train en Gare de la Ciotat, where audiences watched a moving train approaching the camera and ran away frightened. Bernard claimed that Reservoir Dogs had a similar effect and people were not ready for it. Vincent Canby of the New York Times enjoyed the cast and the use of non-linear storytelling. He similarly complimented Tarantino's directing and liked the fact that he did not often use close-ups in the movie. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times also enjoyed the movie and the acting, particularly that of Buscemi, Tierney and Madsen, and said "Tarantino's palpable enthusiasm, his unapologetic passion for what he's created, reinvigorates this venerable plot and, mayhem aside, makes it involving for longer than you might suspect."
Reservoir Dogs has received a lot of criticism for its strong violence and language. One particular scene that viewers did not like was Michael Madsen cutting off the police officer's ear, and Madsen himself reportedly had a great deal of difficulty finishing the scene especially after Kirk Baltz ad-libbed the desperate plea "I've got a little kid at home". Many people have left theaters during the movie and Tarantino commented at the time: It happens at every single screening. For some people the violence, or the rudeness of the language, is a mountain they can't climb. That's OK. It's not their cup of tea. But I am affecting them. I wanted that scene to be disturbing. During a screening of the movie at a Film Festival in Barcelona, fifteen people walked out, including horror movie director Wes Craven and special effects artist Rick Baker. Baker later told Tarantino to take the walk out as a "compliment" and explained that he found the violence unnerving because of its heightened sense of realism.
Critic John Hartl compared the ear-cutting scene to the shower murder scene in Psycho and Tarantino to David Lynch. He furthermore explored parallels between Reservoir Dogs and Glengarry Glen Ross. After this movie, Tarantino was also compared to Martin Scorsese, Sam Peckinpah, John Singleton, Gus Van Sant, and Abel Ferrara. For its nonlinear storyline, Reservoir Dogs has also often been compared to Rashomon. Critic James Berardinelli was of a similar opinion; he complimented both the cast and Tarantino's dialogue writing abilities. Hal Hinson of The Washington Post was also enthusiastic about the cast, complimenting the movie on its "deadpan sense of humor". Todd McCarthy called the movie "undeniably impressive" and was of the opinion that it was influenced by Mean Streets, Goodfellas and The Killing.

Release dates

References

Other websites
Other websites
 
 

1992 crime drama movies
1992 crime thriller movies
1992 drama thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
Cult movies
1990s English-language movies
Film noir
Heist movies
Miramax movies
Movies about murderers
Movies directed by Quentin Tarantino
Movies set in Los Angeles
Murder-suicide in movies
American independent movies
Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas, and the highest outside Asia. The altitude is 6,962 meters, or 22,841 feet. It is one of the Seven Summits.

Mortality

Aconcagua is considered to have the highest mortality rate in South America (approximately three deaths per year). This is due to the fact that it is possible to achieve the ascent with relative ease, people without the proper preparation present themselves to make the attempt. Climbers blanch at altitude sickness and extreme weather changes, with strong winds as a result of the mountain's proximity to the Pacific Ocean.

Since records began in 1926, more than one hundred people have died on Aconcagua. Between 2001 and 2012, of the 42,731 people who sought to reach the summit of Aconcagua, 33 died, which indicates a mortality rate of 0.77 per 1,000 individuals.

Location 
It is the Andes, in the Argentine province of Mendoza. It is in Aconcagua Provincial Park.

References 

Andes
Mountains of Argentina
Mendoza Province
Bad Doberan is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

In the Middle Ages the region was made rich because Hanseatic city of Rostock was close. Today the city of Rostock is surrounded by the district, but not a part of it.

In 1793 the bathing resort of Heiligendamm (today a borough of Bad Doberan) was started, and the region became a summer residence for the dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

In 1952 the districts of Bad Doberan and Rostock-Land were made. They were joined in 1994 to make the present district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)
 Regional Tourist Centre for the Baltic Sea Coast (English, German, Dutch)

1994 disestablishments in Europe
1990s disestablishments in Germany
Demmin () is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The district was made in 1994 by joining the old districts of Demmin, Altentreptow and Malchin.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)
Güstrow () is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

History 

From 1621 to 1695 the present-day district was the small duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Afterwards large parts belonged to the duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and a small part to the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (see Mecklenburg).

The district of Güstrow was made in 1994 by joining the old districts of Güstrow, Teterow and Bützow.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
Official website  (German)
Ludwigslust is a former district in the southwest of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.
The district is mostly between the Elbe river and the city of Schwerin. It is the largest district of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, but not many people live there.

History
After the German reunification the two districts of Hagenow and Ludwigslust were made. In 1994 both districts with the two Ämter of Rastow and Stralendorf from the district Schwerin-Land were joined to make |100pxtoday's district of Ludwigslust.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 A visit to Ludwigslust in 2005, describes some history.  (English)
Mecklenburg-Strelitz is a former district in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The district-free city (urban district) of Neubrandenburg is nearly completely surrounded by Mecklenburg-Strelitz district.
The capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the town of Strelitz. In 1712 a fire completely destroyed the town. The duke decided to build a new town on the shores of a small lake called the Zierker See. This town became Neustrelitz, or in English New Strelitz.

The district was created by joining the three old districts Neubrandenburg, Neustrelitz and Strasburg in 1994.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website
Sir Alec Guinness  (2 April 1914 - 5 August 2000) was an Academy Award winning English actor. He was born in London. He is well known for the role of Obi-Wan Kenobi, a "Jedi master", in the Star Wars movie series (Episodes IV, V, and VI), a role that he was embarrassed with. He won an Academy Award for "Best Actor in a Leading Role". He got this award for acting in the movie The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). Guinness also received a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for that movie. He has also received a Tony Award. In 1989 he received a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award. Guinness died from liver cancer in Midhurst, West Sussex, in 2000.

Other websites
1914 births
2000 deaths
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winning actors
Cancer deaths in England
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of Honour
Deaths from liver cancer
English movie actors
English Roman Catholics
English stage actors
English television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Knights Bachelor
People from Paddington
Tony Award winning actors
Müritz is a former district in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is named after the lake Müritz.  Lake Müritz is the largest Lake in Germany.  Lake Constance is larger, but part of it is in Switzerland and another part in Austria.

History
The district was created on June 12, 1994 by joining the old districts of Röbel and Waren, and a few municipalities from the districts Malchin and Neustrelitz.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
Official website
Nordvorpommern ("North Western Pomerania") is a former district in the northern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is on the coast of the Baltic Sea, and it surrounds the coastal city of Stralsund.

Geography 
On the coast is a long peninsula, called the Darß. Between the Darß and the mainland there is a very shallow lagoon.  the lagoon and the peninsula are part of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park.

History 
Until 1819 the area was controlled by Sweden.  Then it became a part of Prussia. The modern district was made in 1994 by joining the three old districts of Grimmen, Ribnitz-Damgarten and Stralsund.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 

 Official website
Nordwestmecklenburg (Northwestern Mecklenburg) is a rural district (Landkreis) in the northwestern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is on the coast of the Baltic Sea and border with Schleswig-Holstein. The former district-free city of Wismar has been part and also capital of Nordwestmecklenburg since September 4, 2011.

The district was made in 1994 by joining the old districts Gadebusch, Grevesmühlen and Wismar, and also smaller parts of the districts Sternberg and Schwerin-Land.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Ostvorpommern is a former district in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The Hanseatic city of Greifswald is surrounded by the district, but does not belong to it.

History
The district was created on June 12 1994 by joining the old districts of Anklam, Greifswald and Wolgast.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website  
 Touristic website of Usedom
 Regional Tourist Board Vorpommern
 Ost|See|Land - Tourism Overview site
Parchim is a former district in the southwestern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

Geography
Most of the district is now used for farming, but in the easternmost part there are several lakes, the largest of them being the Plauer See (39 km²). The Plauer See marks the western end of the Müritz lakeland.

History
Until 1994 the present-day district was divided into the three districts of Parchim, Sternberg and Lübz.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website
Francis Colburn Adams was an American writer. He used to live in Charleston, South Carolina.   He wrote under many different names.

Bibliography
Manuel Pereiera; or, The Sovereign Rule of South Carolina: with Views of Southern Laws, Life, and Hospitality, Washington, 1853,
Uncle Tom at Home, &c, Phila., 1853.
Our World; or, The Democrat's Rule. By Justia, a Know-Nothing. Lon.,1855,
Justice in the By-Ways: a Tale of Life, 1856,
Life and Adventures of Major Roger Sherman Potter. By Pheleg Van Truesdale. N. York, 1858.
An Outcast: a Novel, N. York, 1861,
The Story of a Trooper; with much concerning the Campaign on the Peninsula, (1861-1862,) N. York, 1865,
Siege of Washington for Little People. Illust. Plila., 1867,
The Von Toodleburgs: or, The Memoirs of a Very Distinguished Family. Illust. Phila., 1868,
 The Washers and Scrubbers. The Men Who Robbed Them. Washington, D. C.; Judd & Detweiler, 1878.

References

1850 births

Writers from South Carolina
1891 deaths
People from Charleston, South Carolina
Calvin Baker is an American writer. He was born in Chicago. He graduated from Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts.  He lives in New York.

Books written
Dominion (2006)
Once Two Heroes (2003)
Naming the New World (1999)

References

Writers from Chicago
Year of birth unknown
Living people
Annie Payson Call (1853-1940) was an American writer. She wrote a few books and published articles in The Ladies' Home Journal.  She liked to write about mental health issues.

Books written
Source: New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors 
Regeneration Of The Body (1888)
As A Matter Of Course (1894)
The Freedom Of Life (1905)
Man Of The World (1905)
Every Day Living (1906)
How To Live Quietly (1914)
Power Through Repose (1891)
Nerves And Common Sense (1909)
Brain Power For Business Men (1911)
Nerves And The War (1918)

Other websites
More information about some works  at Spiritual Freedom Library 

1853 births
1940 deaths
Writers from Massachusetts
A variety show is a show that features a variety of performing acts. These may include actors, musicians and singers, acrobats and jugglers, animal trainers, magicians, comedians, puppeteers, and other kinds of performers.

Ed Sullivan hosted a long-running variety show on CBS, from the 1940s to the early 1970s. The Smothers Brothers hosted a comedy/variety show in the late 1960s. Other performers hosted successful variety shows through the years.

Variety shows were a good "breaking ground" for new acts, in the early years of television. They were also useful to established performers, to give them steady work and regular exposure to audiences.

Interest in the format lessened in the United States during the 1970s. Dolly Parton tried to start a new variety show in the 1980s, but it did not last. Performance competition shows, like The Gong Show, Star Search, and today American Idol became the new breaking ground for performers.
The variety show format is still sometimes imitated by  comedy programs. Television talk shows carry much of the spirit of variety shows, in offering a variety of entertainers to appear.

Television programs
Steve Jablonsky (born on October 9, 1970) is an American music composer for movies, television and video games.

Jablonsky has composed the soundtracks to the movies The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003), Steamboy (2004), The Island (2005), Transformers (2007) and D-War (2007). He also helped compose some of the music to the video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, and composed the theme music for the BBC's Seven Wonders of the Industrial World in 2003. He continues to write music for the television series Desperate Housewives (2004-current) since the fourth episode.

Jablonsky works in Hans Zimmer's studio Remote Control Productions (formerly known as Media Ventures).

1970 births
Living people
American composers
Breitenbach is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Thierstein District
Brunnenthal is a former municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. Since 1 January 2010 Brunnenthal belongs to the municipality of Messen.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Brügglen is a former municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Aetigkofen, Aetingen, Bibern, Brügglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, Küttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg, Mühledorf and Tscheppach merged to form the new municipality of Buchegg.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Rügen is a former district in the northeastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.   

Rügen districts is two large islands, Rügen and Hiddensee, and some small islands like Ummanz and Vilm. It is thus the only district of Germany which is not on the mainland.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website  (German)
 Tourism website (German, English)
Bärschwil is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Thierstein District
Uecker-Randow is a former district in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The district was created on 12 June 1994 by joining the old districts of Pasewalk, Ueckermünde and part of the district Strasburg.
 
The district was merged on 4 September 2011 into Vorpommern-Greifswald.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Regional Tourist Board Vorpommern
 Ost|See|Land - Tourism Overview site
The  or Victory Column is a famous sight in Berlin.

It was designed after 1864 to remember Prussia winning the Danish-Prussian war. By the time it was finished on 2 September 1873 Prussia had also beat Austria in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870/1871). A bronze sculpture of Victoria was added. Victoria was  high and weighed 35 tonnes. Berliners like to give nicknames to famous buildings. They call the statue Goldelse, meaning something like "Golden Lizzy". She also has the nickname of "Chick on a Stick".

The column was built in the Königsplatz, now the Platz der Republik, in front of the Reichstag building. It had three blocks of sandstone decorated by cannons taken from the enemies in the three wars. In 1938 the column was moved to its present location, and a fourth ring, decorated with golden garlands was added.
Around the base are four bronze reliefs showing the three wars and the winning army marching into Berlin. They were made by four Berlin sculptors:
 Moritz Schulz (1825 – 1904)
 Karl Keil (1838 – 1889)
 Alexander Calandrelli (1834-1903)
 and Albert Wolff (1814 – 1892)

These reliefs were taken away in 1945. The French occupying army did not want to remind Germans about old victories. French president François Mitterrand returned the reliefs in time for Berlin's 750th anniversary of Berlin.

The monument is now on the Großer Stern (Great Star). Many roads meet here, so there are four tunnels under the roads to the monument, and it is possible to climb the steps inside the column and look out over Berlin. If the Nazis had not moved the column it would probably have been destroyed in World War II.
The column is in Wim Wenders' film Wings of Desire. In the film it is the place where angels meet. The golden statue on the column was in the music video to U2's "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" and inspired Paul van Dyk's 1998 trance music hit, "For an Angel".

"El Ángel" in Mexico City looks a lot like the Berlin victory column.

The Victory Column is open every day: April-October 9:30am-6:30pm November-March 9:30am-5:30pm.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Berlin
Landmarks in Germany
Monuments and memorials in Germany
The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is a district in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The old district was changed in 1970 and 1975. It now includes the city of Witten.

The district got its name because it is in the valleys of the rivers Ruhr and Ennepe.

Coat of arms 
In the middle of the coat of arms there is the checked red-white bar of the medieval state of Mark, which owned the area in medieval times. The two wavy lines above and below are for the two rivers which gave the district its name, the Ruhr and the Ennepe.

Towns

References

Other websites
Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Geography
Schwelm is in the southeast of the Ruhr Area of Germany.

Bürgermeister/Mayor
 1886 – 1911 : Fritz Knippschild
 1911 – 1919 : Walter Leinberger
 1919 – 1929 : Hermann Müller
 1930 – 1933 : Konrad Rappold
 1933 : Heinrich Hanholz
 1933 – 1945 : Günter Albitz
 1945 : Hermann Hußmann
 1945 – 1961 : Gustav Trost
 1961 – 1991 : Helmut vom Schemm
 1991 – 2004 : Klaus Solmecke
 since 2004: Claus Jacobi

References

Other websites

 www.gevelsberg.de 

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
Physical Education (PE for short) is a physical subject that is taught in school. Students do many different sports, exercises, and activities using their body. Many types of physical fitness are involved. It utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting.  

In Australia, physical education was first made a compulsory part of the curriculum in League of Legends Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian Legislative Assembly by the Minister for Educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17 September. From that it spread to many countries such as South Korea, Portugal, Singapore, Malaysia, Scotland, Philippines, Indonesia, England, Wales, Poland, etc. 

Physical education is an important for keeping kids and adults fit and active. It is also necessary to educate population in the field of healthy and smart ways to stay active.

References
References

Education by subject
Sports
Islam Abduganievitj Karimov (30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was the first President of Uzbekistan from 1990 to 2016.

On 29 August 2016 he was reported to be in intensive care, after suffering a stroke.

It was announced that Karimov died on 2 September 2016. The government confirmed the news later that day.

Bibliography
Bohr, Annette Uzbekistan: Politics and Foreign Policy London: Royal Institute of International Affairs (1998)

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of Uzbekistan
Former dictators
Deaths from stroke