Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Azimuntium (Azimus, or Esimontou) was a fortified town in Thracian region near the Illyrian border of the Eastern Roman Empire (present day Greece). The town is described by the Greek historian Priscus of Panium as the being the only one of the 182 forts and castles of Thrace to resist during the Attilan War of 443-446 AD and separately negotiating an exchange of captives with Attila after the peace was declared in 446 AD.

The town is thought by Priscus to have still been in existence up the reign of the Emperor Justinian after which it "extirpated by the jealousy of the Roman princes". In Chapter 34 of his book "The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire", Gibbons describes the town as follows:

Towns in Greece
Ancient Greek settlements
were areas of  traditional local government in Japan before the Meiji period.  The function of districts has changed over time, but they continue to exist in contemporary Japan.  

Districts are not all the same size.  They are roughly equivalent to a county in the United Kingdom or the United States.  They are smaller than prefectures and larger than towns and villages.

History
Districts were established in the 8th century.  

Until the 10th century, the chief government official of a district (gun) was called the gunji.  During the Edo period, the head of a district (gun) was called the gundai.

Between 1878 and 1921, the Meiji period and Taishō period, districts were given specific powers and responsibilities which are now diffused.

Related pages

 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Municipalities in Japan

References

 

ja:郡#日本の郡
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Ichihashi was born in Hyogo Prefecture on June 9, 1909. He played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates.

In May 1930, when Ichihashi was a Keio University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted and scored a goal against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 1 goals for Japan in 1930.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}

References

Other websites

1909 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Saito was born in Osaka Prefecture on September 24, 1908. He played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. At the club, he won 1929 Emperor's Cup with Yukio Goto, Hideo Sakai and so on.

In May 1930, when Saito was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games for Japan in 1930.
After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, Saito retired playing career and want to England and studied football at University of Bristol. In 1933, he joined Osaka Mainichi Shimbun and he was engaged in the management and reporting of All Japan High School Soccer Tournament until 1940. After that, he worked at Hino Motors and some affiliates until 1989. He also served as the president at some Hino Motors affiliates.

Saito died in 2004.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

1908 births
2004 deaths
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Akira Nozawa also played for Japan national team.

Biography
Nozawa was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. In May 1930, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games for Japan in 1930.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
In May 1934, when Kanazawa was a Kyoto Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. On May 15, he also played against Philippines. He played 2 games for Japan in 1934.

Statistics

|-
|1934||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Goto was born in Kobe. He played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won 1929 and 1930 Emperor's Cup at the club.

In May 1930, when Goto was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. In 1934, he was also selected Japan for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, he played 2 games as Japan team captain. He played 4 games for Japan until 1934.

Goto died in 1976.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||0
|-
|1931||0||0
|-
|1932||0||0
|-
|1933||0||0
|-
|1934||2||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
1976 deaths
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Masao Nozawa also played for Japan national team.

Biography
Nozawa was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. In May 1934, when he was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. He also played against Philippines and Republic of China. He played 3 games and scored 3 goals for Japan in 1934.

Statistics

|-
|1934||3||3
|-
!Total||3||3
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Matsumaru was born in Bunkyo, Tokyo on February 28, 1909. He played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates. At Keio BRB, he won 1932 and 1936 Emperor's Cup. He also played for Tokyo OB Club and won 1933 Emperor's Cup with Shigemaru Takenokoshi and Shiro Teshima.

In May 1934, Matsumaru was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. He also played against Philippines and Republic of China. He played 3 games for Japan in 1934.

Matsumaru died on January 6, 1997 at the age of 87. In 2015, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Statistics

|-
|1934||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1909 births
1997 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
In mathematics, a convex function is any function with value of the weighted average of 2 points is less than or equal to the weighted average of the function at those points.  Also, a function is convex if and only if its epigraph is a convex set.

Examples 
Three examples are:
 A line: 
 A parabola: 
 Absolute value: 

Functions and mappings
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Oita was born in Tokyo Metropolis on April 9, 1914. In 1936, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. At this competition, on August 4, he debuted against Sweden. Although he was a midfielder, he played as a defender. Japan completed a come-from-behind victory against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" (ベルリンの奇跡) in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. On August 7, he also played against Italy. He played 2 games for Japan in 1936.

After retirement, in 1947, Oita became a manager for new club Sumitomo Metal and managed until 1956.

September 11, 1996, Oita died of heart failure in Bunkyo, Tokyo at the age of 82.

Statistics

|-
|1936||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites
Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1936 Olympics) at Japan Football Association

1914 births
1996 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
A weighted average is the average of values which are scaled by importance.  The weighted average equals the sum of weights times values divided by the sum of the weights.

Simple case
This collection of four integers is called a multiset because the integer  appears more than once:

The straight average (or arithmetic mean) of these four variables is the sum divided by :

In the above equation, we used the overline to express the fact that this is the average over four variables.  These variables can also be expressed using subscripts:

You get the same answer by calculating this as weighted average of three variables.  But you need to include a weight-value of  for the integer :

Here the hat  is used to mark weight values, which represent how many times each of the three values  appear.  While it is not common to put hats over numbers in calculations, this  representation allows us to see how the weights influence the calculation. We can also write the weighted average as:
In conclusion, we have shown how an arithmetic mean over four variables (1,3,3,5) can be understood as a weighted average over only three variables (1,3,5). This is accomplished by multiplying the repeated variable  by the number of times it is repeated (two).

Summation notation
To understand how to express this using summation notation, we shall place a tilde  over variables that involve the weighted average. First we define:

Note that the sum of the three weights equals : 

The ordinary average (with four terms) equals the weighted average (with three terms):

Simplify this by replacing  with the sum over all the weights:

Application to exam scores

Given two school classes, one with 20 students, and one with 30 students, the grades in each class on a test were:

Morning class = 62, 67, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 79, 80, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 93, 98

Afternoon class = 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 87, 88, 88, 89, 89, 89, 90, 90, 90, 90, 91, 91, 91, 92, 92, 93, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99
The straight average for the morning class is 80 and the straight average of the afternoon class is 90. The straight average of 80 and 90 is 85, the mean of the two class means. But this does not account for the difference in number of students in each class, so the value of 85 does not reflect the average student grade (independent of class). The average student grade can be calculated by averaging all the grades, without regard to classes (add all the grades up and divide by the total number of students):

Or, this can be accomplished by weighting the class means by the number of students in each class (using a weighted mean of the class means):

Thus, the weighted mean makes it possible to find the average student grade in the case where only the class means and the number of students in each class are available.

Related pages
Expected value

Statistics
In mathematics, the epigraph of a function is the set of paired values so the output of the function at the first value is less than or equal to the second value.  In math terms this means  if and only if .

Mathematics
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Sueoka was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on February 1, 1917. He played for Waseda University. He won 1938 Emperor's Cup with Sei Fuwa, Sekiji Sasano, Shogo Kamo, Hidetoki Takahashi and so on. He also won the 2nd place at 1939 Emperor's Cup. He also played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At the club, he won the 2nd place at 1940 Emperor's Cup. This tournament was the last Emperor's Cup before the war because Emperor's Cup was suspended for World War II from 1941 to 1945.

On June 16, 1940, when Sueoka was a Waseda University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Philippines and Japan won the match. This match was the first match since 1936 Summer Olympics and the only match in the 1940s in Japan's "International A Match" due to World War II.

Sueoka died in November 1998 at the age of 81.

Statistics

|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References
References

Other websites

1917 births
1998 deaths
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Kim Sung-Gan (Hangul:김성간, November 17, 1912 – May 19, 1984) was a South Korean athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Japan national team in 1940.

International career statistics

|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

 Japan Football Association
 Japan National Football Team Database

1912 births
1984 deaths
People from Pyongyang
Japanese footballers
South Korean footballers
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Hiroshi Kagawa is a former footballer and football journalist.

Biography
Kagawa was born in Kobe on August 9, 1922. After graduating from Kobe University of Economics, he joined Tanabe Pharmaceutical in 1948. He also played for Osaka SC. At Osaka SC, he won the 2nd place at Emperor's Cup 3 times (1951, 1952 and 1953).

In March 1951, Kagawa was selected to the Japan national team for Japan's first game after World War II, at the 1951 Asian Games. At this competition, on March 7, he debuted against Iran. He also played at the 1954 Asian Games. He played 5 games for Japan until 1954.

Kagawa died on March 6, 1990 at the age of 67. In 2006, he was selected to the Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Statistics

|-
|1951||2||0
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||3||0
|-
!Total||5||0
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association
1922 births
1990 deaths
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma SC players
David 'Jack' Coverdale (born 22 September 1951) is an English rock singer. He is most famous for his work with hard rock band Whitesnake. The band was very successful commercially. During his early career Coverdale was the vocalist of Deep Purple for some time. He left the band to become a solo artist, and worked with Whitesnake. He also made an album with Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page. This was also successful.

Early life
Coverdale was born on 22 September 1951, in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland, England. His love for music developed early. Around the age of 14, he began performing professionally as he wanted to be a singer. He developed his style of singing then. "I don't think my voice had broken," he explained to Sounds in 1974. "And that's when I first learnt how to sing with my stomach, which sounds silly, but it's totally different from a normal voice." Coverdale had been the vocalist local bands like The Government (1968–1972); Fabulosa Brothers (1972–73).

Early career
Early career

Deep Purple (1973–1976)
In 1973, Coverdale saw an article in a copy of Melody Maker, which said that Deep Purple was auditioning for singers to replace Ian Gillan. Coverdale was the frontman of a local group called The Government. They had played with Deep Purple in 1969. So both he and the band knew one another. Coverdale first sent a tape to the band. Then, he auditioned to become a singer. He was admitted into the band, with bassist Glenn Hughes being another vocalist.

In February 1974, Deep Purple released their first album with Coverdale and Hughes called Burn which was certified Gold in the US on 20 March 1974 and in the UK on 1 July. In April 1974, Coverdale and Deep Purple performed to over 200,000 music fans  at the California Jam. . This was his first trip to America.

In December 1974 Burn was followed-up by Stormbringer. This also ranked at Gold album status in the US and the UK. The album had funk and sould influences. So guitarist Ritchie Blackmore left the band in June 1975.
Coverdale did not want Deep Purple to disband. He helped in persuading the band to continue with American guitarist Tommy Bolin (of Billy Cobham and The James Gang). So Jon Lord said, "David Coverdale came up to me and said, 'Please keep the band together.' David played me the album that Tommy did with Billy Cobham. We liked his playing on it and invited Tommy to audition.'" The band released one studio album with Bolin, Come Taste the Band in 1975. The album was less successful than previous records. At the end of the tour in March 1976, Coverdale walked off in tears. He handed in his resignation. But he was told Deep Purple was disbanding. So he had no band left to quit. The decision to disband Deep Purple had been made some time before the last show by Lord and Ian Paice (the last remaining original members). Lord and Paice had not told anyone else. The break-up was finally made public in July 1976. Said Coverdale in an interview: "I was frightened to leave the band
. Purple was my life, Purple gave me my break, but all the same I wanted out."
Solo (1977–1978)
After the end of Deep Purple, Coverdale started a solo career. He released his first album in February 1977. It was called White Snake. All songs were written by Coverdale and guitarist Micky Moody. Coverdale later said about this album: "It's very difficult to think back and talk sensibly about the first album. White Snake had been a very inward looking, reflective and low-key affair in many ways, written and recorded as it was in the aftermath of the collapse of Deep Purple." Even though the album was not successful, its title  inspired the name of Coverdale's future band.

In 1978 Coverdale released his second solo album Northwinds. It was received much better than White Snake. But before the album's release, he had already formed a new band.

Early Whitesnake era (1978–1982)
After recording Northwinds, Coverdale soon formed the band Whitesnake. Bernie Marsden and Micky Moody played guitar in the band. It began as a touring band for Coverdale's first solo album. But, it soon developed into a full-time band. In early 1978, the band released the Snakebite EP. It was repackaged later. It was released as a full album called Snakebite, released in June 1978, with the B-side taken from Coverdale's Northwinds album. For the next album, Trouble, Coverdale was joined by his former Deep Purple colleague, keyboardist Jon Lord. For Whitesnake's 1980 album, Ready an' Willing, drummer Ian Paice also joined the group. Ready an' Willing also featured the band's biggest hit up to then. This was the song "Fool for Your Loving". It reached #13 on the British charts and #53 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. Ready an' Willing was followed up by the even more successful Come an' Get It in 1981. During 1982 Coverdale took some time off to look after his sick daughter. He decided to put Whitesnake on hold
. When David Coverdale returned, he reformed the band. They recorded the album Saints & Sinners after this.
In 1982, according to British heavy metal magazine Kerrang!, Coverdale was considered for the vocalist position with Black Sabbath following the departure of Ronnie James Dio. Coverdale declined.

Breakthrough
Breakthrough

Re-formation of Whitesnake (1983–1991)
Whitesnake became very popular in the UK, Europe, and Asia, but not in North America. In 1984, the album Slide It In finally entered the US charts (reaching #40). But it did not reach high enough to be considered a hit. When Slide It In was going to be released in the US, Coverdale made a calculated attempt at changing Whitesnake's sound and look. He recruited John Sykes from the remnants of Thin Lizzy for this. Sykes brought a more contemporary, aggressive guitar sound with him. He also had good stage manners to match. In 1985, Sykes and Coverdale started working on new songs for the next album. But Coverdale soon contracted a serious sinus infection. So he could not record that year. Doctors said he might not be able to sing again. Coverdale eventually recovered, and recordings were continued. But before their upcoming album was fully recorded and released, Coverdale had dismissed Sykes from the band.
In many period interviews, Coverdale stated that the next album was a make-or-break album for Whitesnake. If not successful, he would disband Whitesnake altogether. During 1987 and 1988, Whitesnake finally became successful in North America. They released the multi-platinum self-titled Whitesnake album. It was co-written (for most of the songs) by Sykes. But guitar was played by virtuoso Adrian Vandenberg, as a session musician.

The 1987 album has sold 8 times platinum since its release. It had hit singles like "Here I Go Again" and "Is This Love". It finally made Whitesnake a concert headliner in North America. Through the late 80s and early 90s, in the "hair-band" era, Coverdale kept Whitesnake going with great success. But lineups changed many times.
In 1989 Coverdale recruited Vandenberg to recorded a new album, Slip of the Tongue. Vandenberg co-wrote the entire album with Coverdale. But he had a wrist injury. So he could not do solo guitar. Fellow virtuoso Steve Vai was recruited. He re-recorded most of Vandenberg's existing parts and finished the album. Upon release, it was very successful in Europe and the U.S.

The following tour, for which Vandenberg returned to play along with Vai, made Whitesnake famous as a giant in the world of hard rock.  The album peaked at number 10 in the U.S., and has achieved platinum status. The tour continued until the end of 1990.
Coverdale did not want to be in Whitesnake any more. He had grown uncomfortable with what he thinks Whitesnake had become. He admits that he got "caught up in it". In a candid period interview, Coverdale sums it up in one sentence: "It got louder and louder, and so did I, to the point now where I have to get dressed up like a "girly man" and tease ones questionable bangs or hair and it's all becoming a bit... boring."

In 1990 Coverdale sang and co-wrote (with Hans Zimmer and Billy Idol) the song "The Last Note of Freedom" for the Tony Scott movie Days of Thunder.

On 26 September 1990, after the last show on the Slip of the Tongue tour in Tokyo, Coverdale disbanded Whitesnake indefinitely. He was tired of the business in general and troubled by his separation and later divorce from Tawny Kitaen. Coverdale wanted to find other values in life. He took "private time to reflect" and think where his career was going.

Coverdale and Page (1991–1993)
The hiatus did not last long. In the early spring of 1991, Coverdale collaborated with guitarist Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin fame. Both of them have said that the collaboration revitalized them on many levels. This collaboration led to the Coverdale-Page album. It was released in March 1993. The album was a hit all over the world. It reached number 4 in the UK and number 5 in the US. It was certified Platinum in the US on 7 April 1995. But the US tour for the album had to be cancelled due to slow ticket sales. After only a limited Japanese tour, Coverdale and Page parted ways. In part, the problem had been the comparison to Robert Plant who had been the Led Zeppelin vocalist, with Jimmy Page. Some of their audience criticized Coverdale. They thought he was too similar to Plant. Others felt the collaboration only served to inspire Page to once again join Plant, a year later.

Later years
In 1994 Coverdale assembled a new line-up of Whitesnake (with the exception of Coverdale's musical partner, guitarist Adrian Vandenberg and bassist Rudy Sarzo, both of whom had been in Whitesnake since 1987). Whitesnake was to tour for the release of their Greatest Hits album. The band again broke-up after the tour. After this Coverdale once again went away from the music business, for three years. In 1997 Coverdale returned and released Restless Heart (with Vandenberg on guitar). The album was originally meant to be Coverdale's solo album. But the record company forced it to be released under the name of "David Coverdale & Whitesnake". The tour was called Whitesnake's farewell tour, during which Coverdale and Vandenberg played two unplugged shows (one in Japan and the other for VH1). The first of the two shows was released the next year under the title Starkers in Tokyo. After the Restless Heart-tour ended, Coverdale once again ended Whitesnake and took another short break from music.
Back to solo (1999–2002)
In 2000 Coverdale released his first solo album in 22 years, titled Into The Light. The album was not a hit. But it did return Coverdale to the music business.

Re-reformation of Whitesnake (2002–present)

In December 2002, Coverdale re-reformed Whitesnake for an American and European tour, with Tommy Aldridge on drums, Marco Mendoza (bass), Doug Aldrich (guitar), Reb Beach (guitar) and keyboardist Timothy Drury. In 2004-2005, Whitesnake went on a tour of the United States, South America and Europe. A live DVD, shot during the 2005 tour at the legendary Hammersmith Apollo was released in February 2006. In June 2006, Coverdale signed a new record deal with Steamhammer Records. The first release under the record label was the double live album Live: In the Shadow of the Blues (released 27 November 2006). The album also contained 4 brand new studio tracks. They were written by Coverdale and Aldrich.
In 2008 the band (with new bassist and drummer) released its first new studio album in over 10 years titled Good to Be Bad. The band toured for the album extensively. Also in 2008, Whitesnake went on a European Tour with fellow Yorkshire rock band Def Leppard.

In 2009, Whitesnake toured with Judas Priest on the British Steel Anniversary Tour. On 11 August 2009, Whitesnake was playing a show at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado, when Coverdale suffered a vocal injury. After seeing a specialist, it was announced on 12 August 2009 that Coverdale is suffering from severe vocal fold edema. He has a left vocal fold vascular lesion. The rest of their tour with Judas Priest was cancelled.
In early February 2010, David Coverdale has announced his voice seems to have fully recovered from the injury. He says he's been recording new demos. He wants to create a new Whitesnake album. On tape his voice is sounding full and strong. The latest Whitesnake studio album "Forevermore" was released on 25 March 2011, with Aldrich and Beach on board.

Personal life
Coverdale was first married in 1974 to Julia, and their daughter Jessica was born in 1978. Coverdale's second marriage was to actress Tawny Kitaen, from 17 February 1989. They divorced in April 1991. Kitaen was known for her provocative appearances in Whitesnake's music videos for "Here I Go Again", "Is This Love" and "Still of the Night." Since 1997, he has been married to Cindy, an author with works such as The Food That Rocks. They have a son, Jasper (born 1996).

On 1 March 2007, Coverdale became a U.S. citizen, in a ceremony in Reno. He now holds dual US/UK citizenship. He has lived near Lake Tahoe, Nevada for more than 20 years.
Discography

Solo
1977 White Snake 
1978 Northwinds 
 The first two solo albums were also released as one 2-disc album The Early Years in 2003
1990 "The Last Note Of Freedom" - song featured on the Days of Thunder soundtrack
1993 Coverdale and Page (with Jimmy Page)
2000 Into the Light

Guest appearances & other projects
1974 Roger Glover - The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast ("Behind the Smile")
1974 Jon Lord - Windows - 2nd Movement, Gemini
1976 Eddie Hardin - Wizard's Convention ("Money To Burn")
1978 Barbi Benton - Ain't That Just The Way (co-writer of "Up In The Air")
1989 Steve Vai - Passion and Warfare ("For the Love of God")
2000 Bernie Marsden - And About Time Too ("Who's Fooling Who", live recording from '81, only on reissue of the album)
2003 Tony Franklin - Wonderland ("Sunshine Lady")

References

Other websites

 
 Official site 

1951 births
Living people
American rock singers
English rock musicians
English singers
Musicians from Yorkshire
Naturalized citizens of the United States
(former name; Takashi Tokuhiro, 徳弘 隆) is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Mizuno was born on April 28, 1931. After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, he joined Yuasa Batteries in 1954. He also played for Kwangaku Club (All Kwangaku) which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won 1953, 1955 and 1958 Emperor's Cup.

On October 9, 1955, Mizuno debuted for Japan national team against Burma.

Statistics

|-
|1955||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1931 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
Super Bowl XL was an American football game in the National Football League between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers against the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the Super Bowl champion for the 2005 season. Played on February 5, 2006, at Ford Field in Detroit, the Steelers beat the Seahawks, 21-10.  Steelers receiver Hines Ward, who caught 5 passes for 123 yards and a touchdown, while also rushing for 18 yards, was named Super Bowl MVP. Pittsburgh finished the regular season with an 11-5 record and became the fourth wild card team, and third in nine years, to win the Super Bowl. Pittsburgh also became the first #6 seed in the NFL playoffs to win a Super Bowl (and the first #6 seed to win a conference title).  The Steelers became the second franchise, following the Oakland Raiders, to appear in the Super Bowl in four different decades (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s), and the first to appear in four consecutive decades
. Also, Steelers runningback Jerome Bettis was able  win a Super Bowl thanks to this game.
However, many have criticized the officiating in that game, as they believe Seattle was cheated during some questionable calls by referee Bill Leavy.

References

 Super Bowl referees foul, yet so was everything else-USA Today
 Game recap

040
2006 in sports
Pittsburgh Steelers
2006 in the United States
2000s in Detroit
The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. It indents the coasts of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. From north to south, it runs for approximately 200 km from Dangriga, Belize, to La Ceiba, Honduras.

The inner Gulf of Honduras is lined by the Belize Barrier Reef. It forms the southern part of the 900 km long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. This is the second-largest coral reef system in the world. The Belize Barrier Reef has a number of small islands. They are called cays, and collectively known as the Pelican Cays.

The Gulf of Honduras contains complex dynamics of coastal and open waters, and ocean currents. These have produced a very diverse and unique ecosystem with a wide variety of coastal marine waters. It includes coastline estuaries, barrier beaches, lagoons, intertidal salt marshes, mangrove forests, seagrass beds, keys and barrier reefs.
The gulf receives the runoff from the watersheds of 12 rivers . They discharge at 1232 m³ s-1. These rivers include the Moho, Sarstún, Río Dulce, Motagua, and Ulúa. Volume of sediment from these rivers is increasing. This damages the marine ecosystem.

Many American anglers visit the Gulf of Honduras to catch the marlin that abound there. Tourists are often taken on boat trips to the Pelican Cays, notably Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye.

In 1961 Hurricane Hattie swept across the Gulf of Honduras. It destroyed buildings in Belize.

References

Honduras
Atlantic Ocean
Geography of Central America
Geography of Belize
Geography of Guatemala
The Swan Islands, or Islas Santanilla, are a chain of three islands. They are in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. They are about ninety miles off the coastline of Honduras. They have a land area of .

Detailed location and features

They are within the EEZ of Honduras and belong to the Islas de la Bahía department of Honduras. They consist of three islands:
 Great Swan Island (3 km long, 5.5 km²)
Little Swan (2.4 km long, 0.5 km wide, 2.5 km²)
Booby Cay (90 metres long, 70 m off the southwest corner of Great Swan, <0.01 km²)

Rosario Bank and Misteriosa Bank are 130 to 150 km north of the Swan Islands. The >5000 metres deep Cayman Trench separates them.

The islands have no people in them, except for a small Honduran navy garrison. Great Swan has a 3800′ (1158 m) grass airstrip (ICAO code MHIC, IATA code SWA).

Historical background
Both the United States and Honduras claimed the Swan Islands until the United States dropped its claim. This was under the Guano Islands Act in 1972. The islands gained attention in the early 1960s. This was because of Radio Swan, which began broadcasting in May 1960 during preparation for, and during, the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba. The station was removed from the islands in the late 1960s. Its main transmitter was transferred for use in the Vietnam War.

In October 1998, Hurricane Mitch moved over Swan Island with winds of 180 mph.

References

Other websites
 History of the Swan Islands 

Caribbean islands
Islands of Central America
Geography of Honduras
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción () is an archdiocese in Concepción, Chile.

History 
It was established in 1563 as Diocese of La Imperial. On 1603, it was renamed Diocese of Concepción. On 1939 it was promoted to Archdiocese of Concepción.

Suffragan dioceses 
 Chillán
 Los Ángeles
 Temuco
 Valdivia
 Villarrica

Other websites 
 Giga-Catholic Information
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website 

1563 establishments
Roman Catholicism
Organisations based in Concepción
1560s establishments in South America
16th-century establishments in Chile
Matthew Hopkins (c. 1620 – 12 August 1647) was a witch-hunter. His 3-year career began in 1645 during the time of the English Civil War and ended in 1647. Matthew and his colleague John Stearne were responsible for the rising number of witch hunts during that time. At the end, more people were hanged for being witches because of Hopkins and Stearnes accusations than in the previous 100 years.  It is believed the number of deaths due to them was about 300 women. His witchhunts mainly took place in the eastern counties of Suffolk, Essex, Norfolk, and occasionally in Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, and Huntingdonshire. 

Very little is known of Matthew Hopkins before 1644. There are no documents from that time about him or his family. He was born in Great Wenham, Suffolk. His father, James Hopkins, was a Puritan clergyman in Suffolk. 

Hopkins wrote in his book The Discovery of Witches that he "never travelled far... to gain his experience".
In the early 1640s Hopkins moved to Manningtree, Essex near Colchester. According to tradition Hopkins used his inheritance to establish himself as a gentleman and to buy the Thorn Inn in Mistley.

From the way that he gave evidence in trials, Hopkins is thought to have been trained as a lawyer, but there is little evidence to prove this.

Matthew Hopkins died at his home in Manningtree, Essex, on 12 August 1647, probably of tuberculosis.

References

Sources

People from Suffolk
1647 deaths
1620s births
Inflow is the flow of a fluid into a large collection of that fluid. In meteorology, inflow normally means the influx (entry) of warmth and moisture from air within the Earth's atmosphere into storm systems.  Extratropical cyclones are created by inflow focused along their cold front and warm fronts.  Tropical cyclones need a large inflow of warmth and moisture from warm oceans to become very powerful, mainly within the lowest  of the atmosphere.  Once the thunderstorms and their associated tornadoes do not get the flow of warm and moist air, the storms begin to dissipate.

Related pages
Outflow (meteorology)

References

Meteorology
Bob caused $20 million in damage and five indirect deaths. In Florida, the storm produced heavy rainfall. It peaked at over  in Everglades City. In most areas, the rainfall was beneficial due to dry conditions that had persisted throughout the year. Damage was minimal in South Carolina, where the hurricane made its final landfall. In Virginia, the storm spawned three tornadoes, one of which destroyed two houses.

References

Other websites
 National Hurricane Center Preliminary Report on Hurricane Bob

1985 in the United States
Bob (1985)
1980s in weather
The List of Shonan Bellmare players is evolving.  The history of the team is created by its players.

Shonan Bellmare is a Japanese professional football club in Hiratsuka.

List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Yoshiro Abe
 Tatsunori Arai
 Satoru Hayashi
 Yuki Igari
 Tomohiko Ito
 Kim Yong-Gwi
 Yuya Nakamura
 Genki Nakayama
 Yosuke Nozawa
 Naoto Matsuo
 Adiel de Oliveira Amorim
 Koji Sakamoto
 Akihiro Sakata
 Nobutaka Suzuki
 Yutaka Tahara
 Yuzo Tamura
 Yoshito Terakawa
 Kei Uemura
 Kohei Usui
 Jean Carlo Witte
 Takahiro Yamaguchi

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 List of Japanese football teams

References

Other websites

 Shonan Bellmare website 
  J.League Club Guide 

Shonan Bellmare
Cudjoe Key is a census-designated place in Monroe County, Florida. It is on an island of the same name in the lower Florida Keys.  As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a total population of 2,019.

It was originally called Littleton Island.

The United States Army activated Cudjoe Key Air Force Station in 1959. It was to track missiles traveling through the Eglin Gulf Test Range. The Air Force took over operations the next year. After this, it became a detached installation of Homestead Joint Air Reserve Base. The station flies a white radar aerostat. It is known locally as "Fat Albert". This is used for drug interdiction missions by the Drug Enforcement Administration. On April 20, 2007 a Cessna 182 crashed after its left wing struck the tether anchoring "Fat Albert" . The aerostat is marked on air navigation charts inside a restricted area. The area has the warning, "Caution: Unmarked balloon on cable to 14,000 [feet]."
It is possibly named after the Joewood tree (Jacquinia keyensis), a native species. It is also known as cudjoewood. But writer John Viele of Summerland Key gives a better reason for its name.  He believes that Cudjoe, a very common West African name, was the name of a fugitive slave or free negro who lived on the island at some point before to Gerdes' survey in 1849.

Geography
Cudjoe Key is located at  (24.664298, -81.482339).

U.S. 1 (or the Overseas Highway) crosses the key at approximately mile markers 20.5 – 23, between Summerland Key and Sugarloaf Key.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of .   of it is land and  of it (50.5%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 2,019 people living in Cudjoe Key. These people made up 936 households.  The population density was 390.2/km2 (150.7/mi2).  There were 1,627 housing units.  The racial constitution of the CDP was 87.1% White, 1.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 2.4% from other races, and 7.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.6% of the population.

15.4% of the households had children under the age of 18 living with them. 57.4% were married couples living together, and 8.7% were unmarried couples living together. 14.9% had a female householder with no husband or partner present. 19.1% had a male householder with no wife or partner present. 25.3% of all households were made up of a single person and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
11.7% residents were under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 16.5% from 25 to 44, 37.7% from 45 to 64, and 30.7% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 56.7 years. For every 100 females there were 113.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.9 males.

In 2021, the median income for a household in the CDP was $89,556, and the median income for a family was $104,808. The per capita income for the CDP was $60,946.  About 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line. Nobody under age 18, and 12.9% of people age 65 or over, were below the poverty line.

References

Islands of Florida
Florida Keys
Census-designated places in Florida
"Whenever, Wherever" is the debut English-language single for Latin music artist Shakira. Taken off of her first English-language album Laundry Service it was released in late 2001. She also recorded a Spanish-language version of the song titled "Suerte". It was the best-selling song of 2001. The video won the 2002 Latin Grammy Award for "Best Short Form Music Video". The song was written by Shakira and Gloria Estefan.

2001 songs
Shakira songs
Laundry Service is the fifth studio album by Latin music artist Shakira. It was Shakira's first album in English. It was released in late 2001, preceded by the first single "Whenever, Wherever". Other singles after that included "Underneath Your Clothes" and "Objection (Tango)". It has sold more than 13 million copies.

References

Shakira
2001 albums
The Tay Bridge (or Tay Rail Bridge) is a railway bridge about  long that spans the Firth of Tay in Scotland, between the city of Dundee and Wormit, Fife ().

As with the Forth Rail Bridge, the Tay Bridge has been called the Tay Rail Bridge since the construction of the Tay Road Bridge over the firth. The original rail bridge replaced an early train ferry.

The present Tay Bridge is the second Rail bridge over the Tay. The first one collapsed in 1879 in a storm, with great loss of life.

First rail bridge 
The original Tay Bridge was designed by noted railway engineer Thomas Bouch, who received a knighthood when the bridge was completed. It was a lattice-grid design, combining cast and wrought iron. The design was well known: it was used with success in the Crumlin Viaduct in South Wales in 1858, after the use of cast iron in the Crystal Palace.
A previous cast iron design, the Dee bridge which collapsed in 1847, failed due to poor use of cast-iron girders. Later, Gustave Eiffel used a similar design to create several large viaducts in the Massif Central (1867).

Proposals for constructing a bridge across the River Tay date back to at least 1854. The North British Railway (Tay Bridge) Act received the Royal Assent on 15 July 1870 and the foundation stone was laid on 22 July 1871.

The bridge design: the basic idea 
The original design was for lattice girders supported by brick piers resting on bedrock shown by trial borings to lie at no great depth under the river. At either end of the bridge the single rail track ran on top of the bridge girder, most of which therefore lay below the pier tops.  However, in the centre section of the bridge (the “high girders”) the railway ran inside the bridge girder, which could then run above the pier tops to give the required clearance to allow passage of sailing ships upriver (e.g. to Perth).
However as the bridge extended out into the river, it became clear in  December 1873, that the bedrock really lay much deeper; too deep to act as a foundation for the bridge piers.  Bouch had to redesign the bridge.

He reduced the number of piers and increased the span of the girders. The pier foundations were no longer taken down to bedrock; instead they were constructed by sinking brick-lined wrought-iron caissons onto the riverbed,

The work 
The company which had the contract for building the bridge went bankrupt while Bouch was redesigning the bridge. The replacement company did poor work. Almost every part of the bridge was substandard, including the iron and the ties and fixings. Lack of precision in the bolts and braces led to ad hoc on-site fixes, described by one witness at the later inquiry as  "about as slovenly a piece of work as ever I saw in my life".
Opening 
The bridge was opened for passenger traffic on 1 June 1878. The next year, on June 20 1879, Queen Victoria crossed the bridge to return south from Balmoral. Bouch was presented to her before she did so, and on June 26th 1879 he was knighted by the Queen at Windsor Castle.

The Tay Bridge Disaster 

On the night of 28 December 1879 at 7.15pm, the bridge collapsed after its central spans gave way during high winter gales. A train with six carriages carrying seventy-five passengers and crew, crossing at the time of the collapse, plunged into the icy waters of the Tay. All seventy-five were lost. The disaster stunned the whole country and sent shock waves through the Victorian engineering community.

At the time a gale estimated at force ten or eleven (Tropical Storm force winds: 55–72 mph/80–117 km/hr) had been blowing down the Tay estuary at right angles to the bridge. The engine itself was salvaged from the river and restored to the railways for service.
The collapse of the bridge, opened only nineteen months earlier and passed as safe by the Board of Trade, is still the most famous bridge disaster in the British Isles. The stumps of the original bridge piers are still visible above the surface of the Tay even at high tide.

Report of the Court of Inquiry

Causes 
The inquiry held that the fall of the bridge was occasioned by the insufficiency of the cross-bracings and fastenings to sustain the force of the gale on the night of December 28th 1879 and that the bridge had been previously strained by other gales.
However, this is not a finding that the bridge as designed would have failed. The engineer appointed to carry out detailed investigations testified: 
"Wind-pressure alone (supposing the structure to have been perfectly made, and so designed) to the amount of 37 lbs to the square foot would have overthrown it, but that, being perfect, it fell in consequence of an excess of wind-pressure is evidently not the case, [because] it did not fall upon those points which would have been the least lines of resistance had the structure been perfect. The mode in which it fell shows that there must have been weak points in the structure and that, with the knowledge which I have [of parts which already had to be repaired], ... shows me that the structure was not in that perfect condition".
The section in the middle of the bridge, where the rail ran inside high girders, was potentially top-heavy and very vulnerable to high winds. Neither Bouch nor the contractor appeared to have regularly visited the on-site foundry where iron from the previous half-built bridge was recycled. The cylindrical cast iron columns supporting the 13 longest spans of the bridge, each 245 ft (75 m) long, were of poor quality. Many had been cast horizontally, with the result that the walls were not of even thickness, and there was some evidence that imperfect castings were disguised from the (very inadequate) quality control inspections.

In particular, some of the lugs used as attachment points for the wrought iron bracing bars had been "burnt on" rather than cast with the columns. Even the normal lugs were very weak. They were tested for the Inquiry, and proved to break at only about  rather than the expected load of . These lugs failed and destabilised the entire centre of the bridge during the storm.
Put into simple words, the bridge failed because of defects in its manufacture. This meant it did not reach the standards of wind resistance intended by the designer.

Report of the Court of Inquiry and report of Mr Rothery. Stationery Office, London 1880. 
Tay Bridge Disaster: Appendix to the Report Of The Court of Inquiry.

The second bridge 
A new double-track bridge was designed by William Henry Barlow. It was built by William Arrol & Co.  upstream of, and parallel to, the original bridge. The foundation stone laid on 6 July 1883. Construction involved  of iron and steel,  of concrete, ten million bricks (weighing ) and three million rivets. Fourteen men lost their lives during its construction, most by drowning.