Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Killing Reagan: A Violent Assault That Changed a Presidency is a book written by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard. It is about the attempted assassination of U.S President Ronald Reagan.

The book is the fifth in the Killing series. It follows Killing Lincoln, Killing Kennedy, Killing Jesus, and Killing Patton. The book was released on September 22, 2015.

On September 26, 2015, National Geographic announced that a television movie version was being made. There was no specific release date or cast. In May 2016, it was announced that Tim Matheson and Cynthia Nixon would play Ronald and Nancy Reagan respectively in the movie. Filming was to begin in late May. The movie was to be released sometime in the fall of 2016.

References

2015 books
Ronald Reagan
Bengt Berndtsson (26 January 1933 – 4 June 2015) was a Swedish football winger. He was born in Gothenburg. Berndtsson played for the Sweden national football team, and was a member of the squad at the 1958 FIFA World Cup finals.

Other websites
 Obituary - Expressen

1933 births
2015 deaths
Swedish footballers
Sportspeople from Gothenburg
Shallots are a type of onion. They are a botanical variety of the species Allium cepa. The shallot was previously classified as a separate species, A. ascalonicum.

Growth 
Shallots seldom produce seeds. They are increased by dividing its compound bulbs. These are made up of several bulblets or cloves held together at the base. The bulblets are planted the same as onion sets. Each set develops into a compound set. The mature bulbs are harvested, cured and stored the same way as onions. In suitable storage, the bulbs keep from one season to the next.

Flavour 
The flavor of shallots is a little milder than onions. It’s used for flavoring curries. Both leaves and cloves are used. Leaves are also consumed as green vegetables. Like their cousins onions and garlics, this is also considered as non-vegetarian food in India. Most of the crop is produced for sale in the green state. But some dry bulbs are also used. They are also used for pickling.

References 
 

Allium
Root vegetables
Aneesa Ahmed (Arabic: أنيسة أحمد) is a Maldivian women's rights activist. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award. She was the second woman from the Maldivies to receive this award.

Life 

Aneesa studied at Pennsylvania State University from 1985 to 1986. She was a Humphrey Fellow.

Work 

Aneesa was Deputy Minister of Women's Affairs in Maldives.  She talked about domestic violence, even though it was a taboo subject. After her job in the government, she started the NGO  "Hope for Women".  She talked about violence against women with police, students, and others.

When the national radio of the Maldives had talks by religious students who said female genital mutilation was Islamic, she asked the government to stop them.  She talked about the harm caused by female genital mutilation.

References

Other websites 
 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Women's rights activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Maldivian politicians
Hunting magic is a term to say that forms of magic are associated with rituals in hunter-gatherer societies. Such rituals may be the start of religion. 

Magic
Pierre Brice (born Pierre-Louis Baron de Bris; 6 February 1929 – 6 June 2015) was a French actor and singer. He began his career in the 1950s. He was best known for his role as the Apaca chief Winnetou in the German Karl May movies.

Brice was born in Brest. He fought for the French Army in the First Indochina War. He was married to Hella Krekel from 1981 until his death.

Brice died from pneumonia on 6 June 2015 in Paris. He was 86.

References

Other websites

 

1929 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
French military people
French movie actors
French singers
French television actors
Infectious disease deaths in France
People from Brest, France
Pop singers
Hermann Zapf (8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015) was a German typeface designer. He was born in Nuremberg. From 1951 until his death, he was married to educator Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Palatino, Optima and Zapfino.

Zapf died at his home in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany on 4 June 2015 at the age of 96.

List of typefaces

Zapf designed the following typefaces:

References

1918 births
2015 deaths
German designers
People from Nuremberg
Lories and lorikeets (tribe Loriini) are small to medium-sized arboreal parrots. They have special brush-tipped tongues to feed on nectar of blossoms and soft fruits, preferably berries. 

They are a monophyletic group in the parrot family Psittacidae. Sequence analysis and morphology show that the group is in the middle of other groups. 

They are widely distributed throughout the Australasian region, including south-eastern Asia, Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and Australia, and the majority have very brightly coloured plumage.

Those studies show that the lories and lorikeets form a single group, closely related to the budgerigar and the fig parrots.

References
A tribe in biology is a monophyletic group inside a family. It is a term used in taxonomy.

More exactly, it is a rank above genus and below subfamily. The Hominini, the hominins, is the tribe to which our species belongs.

Taxonomy
Santiago Auserón, also known as Juan Perro (July 25, 1954 in Zaragoza, Aragon) is a Spanish singer and lyricist. He was songwriter and vocalist of Spanish rock's Radio Futura.

From 1972 to 1977 he attended the University of Madrid where he studied philosophy. After that he attended the University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis, where he stayed one year.

In 1979, Auserón founded Radio Futura, being part of Madrilenian Scene ().

In 1992, he left the group and started his career as a soloist under his pseudonym "Juan Perro".

Discography

Radio Futura 
 Música moderna (1980, Hispavox)
 La estatua del jardín botánico / Rompeolas (1982, single. Hispavox)
 Dance usted / Tus pasos (instrumental) (1983, single. Hispavox)
 La ley del desierto / La ley del mar (1984, Ariola) 
 De un país en llamas (1985, Ariola)
 La canción de Juan Perro (1987, Ariola)
 Escueladecalor. El directo de Radio Futura (1989, BMG Ariola). (In live)
 Veneno en la piel (1990, BMG Ariola)
 Tierra para bailar (1991, BMG Ariola)
As soloist 
 Raíces al viento (1995, Animal Tour/BMG-Ariola)
 La huella sonora (1997, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/BMG Music Spain)
 Mr. Hambre (2000, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/La Huella Sonora)
 Cantares de vela (2002, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/Animal Musik/La Huella Sonora)
 Río Negro (2011, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/La Huella Sonora).

References

Other websites
 Official website 
  Entrevista en la Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo (UIMP). Summer 2009, Santander] 
Complete discography at discogs.com

Spanish singers
Living people
1954 births
People from Aragon
Ludvík Vaculík (23 July 1926 – 6 June 2015) was a Czech writer and journalist. He was born in Brumov. He was a known samizdat writer. He was the most known as the author of the "Two Thousand Words" manifesto of June 1968.

Vaculík died at the age of 88 on 6 June 2015.

References

Other websites

 Website about Vaculík and his work 
 Two Thousand Words 
 How to Make a Boy - an example 
 Our Success Story  columne, , October 2008
 Ludvík Vaculík at Czechoslovak book network Baila.net 

1926 births
2015 deaths
Czech writers
Czechoslovak journalists
Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas (October 3, 1934 – June 2, 2015), also known as Michel Cardena, was a Colombian-Dutch, New Realism and Pop Art painter. He was known for his video art in the Netherlands. His works covered many artistic media, including painting, drawing, video, photography, object assemblages and digital art. He was born in Espinal, Tolima, Colombia.

Other websites
  Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas official website
  Collection of video works by Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas

1934 births
2015 deaths
Colombian artists
Dutch painters
Mefistofele is an Italian opera in a prologue, four acts and an epilogue; with music and libretto. It is by Arrigo Boito and is based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's play Faust. It was first performed in Milan, on March 5, 1868. A revised version was performed in Bologna, on October 4, 1875.

Recent performances 
The opera was performed as part of the 2013/2014 season at the Croatian National Theatre, in Split. The director was Michał Znaniecki and the conductor was Nikša Bareza.

In August 2014, the opera was performed in the 13th Opera Festival of the Theatro da Paz in Belém, Brazil. Mefistofeles was played by Denis Sedov and Faust was played by Fernando Portari.

Principal characters

 Mefistofele - bass
 Faust - tenor
 Margherita - soprano
 Elena - soprano
Discography
 1931: Nazzareno de Angelis (Mefistofele), Antonio Melandri (Faust), Mafalda Favero (Margherita), Giannina Arangi-Lombardi (Elena); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Lorenzo Molajoli - (Italian Columbia)
 1953: Giulio Neri (Mefistofele), Gianni Poggi (Faust), Rosetta Noli (Margherita), Simona Dall' Argine (Elena); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Franco Capuana - (Elsa Music)
 1958: Cesare Siepi (Mefistofele), Mario Del Monaco (Faust), Renata Tebaldi (Margherita), Fiorana Cavalli (Elena); Orchestra e Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Tullio Serafin - (Decca)
 1973: Norman Treigle (Mefistofele), Plácido Domingo (Faust), Montserrat Caballé (Margherita/Elena); Ambrosian Opera Chorus, London Symphony Orchestra, Julius Rudel - (EMI Classics)
 1982: Nicolai Ghiaurov (Mefistofele), Luciano Pavarotti (Faust), Mirella Freni (Margherita), Montserrat Caballé (Elena); London Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra, Oliviero de Fabritiis - (Decca)
References

Further reading 
Ashbrook, William (1998), "Mefistofele", in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Three. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc.   
Ashbrook, William (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001. 
Borovsky, Victor (1988), Chaliapin, New York: Knopf.  
Harewood, Earl of and Antony Peattie (Eds.) (1997), The New Kobbe's Opera Book, London: Ebury Press.  
Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.)(1997), The New Grove Book of Operas New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

1860s operas
Pavel Kohout (born July 20, 1928 in Prague) is a Czech and Austrian novelist, playwright, and poet. He was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He was a Prague Spring exponent and dissident in the 1970s until he was expelled to Austria.  He was a founding member of the Charter 77 movement.

Decorations and awards
 1969 Franz Theodor Csokor Award
 1977 Austrian State Prize for European Literature
 1997 Das Glas der Vernunft (The Glass of Reason) (Kassel Citizenship Award)
 1999 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
 2002 Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
 2004 Honorary Medal of the Austrian capital Vienna in gold

References

1928 births
Living people
Czech novelists
Austrian poets
Austrian playwrights
Czech poets
Writers from Prague
Charter 77 signatories
"Bad Blood" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song came from her fifth studio album 1989.  The album version of the song only has Swift as the vocalist on verses. The single version has a different instrumental and guest vocals from rapper Kendrick Lamar on verses.

Writing and composition
Swift wrote "Bad Blood" about an undisclosed female artist. She says that the artist attempted to sabotage one of her concert tours by hiring people that worked for her (Swift). There are rumors from Rolling Stone, Billboard, Time and Washington Post that singer-songwriter Katy Perry is the subject of the song. The original album version of "Bad Blood" only has Swift singing.
Commercial performance
"Bad Blood" first charted on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 for 2 weeks in November of 2014. It also charted in January of 2015 as an album cut from 1989. It peaked at #78. After the music video premiere at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards, the remixed song with Kendrick Lamar re-entered the chart at #53 and #26 on the Digital Songs Chart. It sold over 47,000 digital copies. The song hit #1 on Billboard Hot 100 on the week ending May 24, 2015. It sold 385,000 copies. It became Taylor's fourth #1 single. It was also her third from 1989 (following "Shake It Off" and "Blank Space"). That made Taylor Swift the first artist since Adele to have three Hot 100 chart-toppers from the same record. It was also her fourth consecutive top-ten single from 1989.
Critical reception
The original album version of "Bad Blood" received mixed reviews from music critics. But, the remixed version of the song received mostly positive reviews. Much of the praise was for Lamar's guest verses and the reworked instrumental. George Seabrook, writing for The Edge in Southampton, England, gave the song four-and-a-half stars out of five. He praised the song for "Lamar’s simple, brutally effective verses". He also said that Swift and Lamar made "not just one more meaningless stunt collaboration, but a powerful new duo".
Music video
The music video was directed by renowned director Joseph Kahn, with Swift producing it. He had also directed the music video for "Blank Space". The video was shot in Los Angeles on April 12, 2015. The setting for the video is the City of London. The music video premiered on May 17, 2015, at the start of the Billboard Music Awards.  Several friends of Swift are present in the music video, such as British singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding, American entertainer Selena Gomez, and American actresses Lena Dunham and Jessica Alba.  All members of the cast chose their own names for their characters.

References

2014 songs
Pop songs
Taylor Swift songs
Kendrick Lamar songs
Ryan Adams songs
Robert Brian Wilson (born March 8, 1962) is an American actor, singer, and voice artist. He is best known for portraying Billy Chapman in Silent Night, Deadly Night (1984).

Other websites
 

1962 births
Living people
American stand-up comedians
Singers from California
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from California
Comedians from California
Paradise Cay is an unincorporated place in Marin County, California, United States.

References 

Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Robert Hossein (born as Hosseinoff; 30 December 1927 – 31 December 2020) was a French movie actor, director, and writer of Azerbaijani and Jewish origin. He directed the 1982 adaption of Les Misérables, and appeared in Vice and Virtue, Le Casse, Les Uns et les Autres and Venus Beauty Institute.

Hossein died on 31 December 2020 in Essey-lès-Nancy, France from COVID-19, one day after his 93rd birthday.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Actors from Paris
Movie directors from Paris
Writers from Paris
The volcanoes of Kamchatka are a large group of volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula. 

The Kamchatka River and the surrounding central side valley are flanked by large volcanic belts. There are about 160 volcanoes, 29 of them still active. They are in the six  UNESCO World Heritage List sites in the Volcanoes of Kamchatka, most of them on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

The highest volcano is Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4,750 m or 15,584 ft), the largest active volcano in the northern hemisphere. The most striking is Kronotsky, whose perfect cone was said by volcanologists Robert and Barbara Decker to be a prime candidate for the world's most beautiful volcano. 

In the center of Kamchatka is Eurasia's  world famous Geyser Valley which was partly destroyed by a massive mudslide in June 2007.
Deep seismic events and tsunamis are fairly common. Intense volcanism is caused by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. A pair of huge earthquakes occurred off the coast on October 16, 1737, and on November 4, 1952, in magnitudes ~9.3 and 8.2 respectively. More shallow earthquakes were recorded as recently as April 2006.

References 

Volcanoes of Russia
Mountains of Russia
World Heritage Sites in Russia
Siberia
Vietnam Airlines is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Vietnam. It was started by the government in 1956. Since June 2010, it has been a member of SkyTeam. As of 2015, Vietnam Airlines goes to 21 cities in Vietnam and 28 international cities.

References

Airlines of Vietnam
Saudia ( ), formerly known as Saudi Arabian Airlines ( ) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Saudi Arabia, based in Jeddah. It was started in 1945 with the help of the United States government.  TWA managed the airline until the 1960s. The airline joined SkyTeam in May 2012. As of 2015, Saudia goes to 126 cities worldwide.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 

1945 establishments in Asia
Airlines of the Middle East
James Montgomery Beggs (January 9, 1926 – April 23, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 6th Administrator of NASA.  He was nominated by President Reagan on June 1, 1981. Beggs took his oath of office and entered the post on July 10, 1981, serving until December 4, 1985.

Beggs died on April 23, 2020 at the age of 94 at his home in Bethesda, Maryland of congestive heart failure.

References

Other websites
Portions of this article are based on public domain text from NASA .

1926 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Administrators of NASA
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
Politicians from Pittsburgh
Sean Charles O'Keefe (born January 27, 1956) is an American politician. He was the  former chairman of Airbus Group, Inc., former Secretary of the Navy, former Administrator of NASA, and former chancellor of Louisiana State University (LSU). He is a former member of the board of directors of DuPont.

References

1956 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Administrators of NASA
Businesspeople from New Orleans
Politicians from New Orleans
The Administrator and Deputy Administrator of NASA are the highest-ranked officials of NASA, the space agency of the United States. The Administrator serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of the United States. According to NASA, the role of the Administrator is to "lead the NASA team and manage its resources to advance the Vision for Space Exploration."

Administrators 
 Status

Deputy administrators

References
Thomas Keith Glennan (September 8, 1905 – April 11, 1995) was an American politician. He was the first Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, serving from August 19, 1958 to January 20, 1961.

1905 births
1995 deaths
Administrators of NASA
Politicians from North Dakota
Theodorus Antoon "Theo" Saat (13 May 1928 – 2 June 2015) was a Dutch sprinter. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He was born in Arnhem, Gelderland.

Saat died on 2 June 2015 in Noordwijk, South Holland, aged 87.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
1952 Summer Olympics
Dutch Olympians
Sportspeople from Arnhem
Dutch sprinters
Robert Alan Frosch FREng (born May 22, 1928) is an American scientist. He was the fifth administrator of NASA. He was the administrator from 1977 to 1981 during the Carter administration.

References

1928 births
Living people
Administrators of NASA
Scientists from New York City
Hans Michael Mark (June 17, 1929 – December 18, 2021) was a German-born American physicist and politician. He was the Secretary of the Air Force between 1979 until 1981. He was the Director of the National Reconnaissance Office between 1977 until 1979.

Mark was born in Mannheim, Germany. Because he was partly of Jewish descent his father Herman Francis Mark fled with the family into the United States.

Mark died on December 18, 2021 in Austin, Texas from dementia-related problems at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
University of Texas biography
NASA biography 

1929 births
2021 deaths
Administrators of NASA
Academics from Texas
American physicists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Mannheim
Refugees from Nazism
United States Secretaries of the Air Force
University of California faculty
The  Secretary of the Air Force (SecAF, or SAF/OS) is the Head of the Department of the Air Force. It is an organization within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. 

The Secretary of the Air Force is appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Secretary reports to the Secretary of Defense and/or the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and is by statute responsible for and has the authority to conduct all the affairs of the Department of the Air Force.

References
Sadun Boro (1928 – 5 June 2015) is an Turkish sailor and writer. He was the first Turkish person to circumnavigate the globe, sailing from 22 August 1965 until 15 June 1968.

Boro was born in Istanbul. He was married to Oda Boro and had a daughter.

Boro died from bladder cancer on 5 June 2015 in Marmaris. He was 87.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
Turkish engineers
Sailors
Writers from Istanbul
Mario Ngqiuyomizi Saliwa (6 March 1984 – 31 May 2015) was a South African first-class cricketer. He played for teams such as the Eagles and Free State. He was born in King William's Town, Eastern Cape.

Saliwa died after being stabbed on 31 May 2015, aged 31.

References

Other websites
 Player profile: Mario Saliwa from ESPNcricinfo

1984 births
2015 deaths
South African cricketers
Murder victims
MERS (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) was discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is a disease caused by a coronavirus whose label is MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV is a betacoronavirus which originated in bats.

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses some of which cause common colds. They can infect both animals and people. MERS is a relative of SARS (the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) virus which swept around the world, infecting more than 8,000 people globally and killing 774 before it was stopped in 2004.

In 2015, the World Health Organization made itself some rules for naming viruses: No official name is allowed to refer to a place, person or animal. This is to prevent stigma, or blame.  The WHO rules list MERS as an example of what not to do when naming a virus or disease.

References

Diseases caused by viruses
Pulmonology
Coronaviruses
Zoonoses
Charles Frank Bolden, Jr. (born August 19, 1946) was the 12th Administrator of NASA from 2009 through 2017. He is a retired United States Marine Corps Major General, and former NASA astronaut.

References

1946 births
Living people
Administrators of NASA
American astronauts
Scientists from South Carolina
People from Columbia, South Carolina
Alan Mathieson Lovelace (September 4, 1929 – April 18, 2018) was an American civil servant. He was the Deputy Administrator of NASA from July 2, 1976 to July 10, 1981.

Biography
Lovelace was born in St. Petersburg, Florida. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Florida in Gainesville in 1951. He received a Master of Science in Organic Chemistry in 1952. He became a Doctor of Philosophy in 1954, also in Organic Chemistry.

Lovelace died on April 18, 2018 in Melbourne, Florida at the age of 88.

Awards
In June 1981, Lovelace was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan.

References

Other websites

NASA - Goddard News 

1929 births
2018 deaths
Administrators of NASA
Scientists from Florida
People from St. Petersburg, Florida
John R. Dailey (born on February 17, 1934) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general. He served as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (ACMC) and Chief of Staff from 1990 to 1992. He also served as Acting Associate Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1992 to 1999. Today, he is director of the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) since 2000.

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
Administrators of NASA
Military people from Virginia
Aaron Cohen (January 5, 1931 – February 25, 2010) was an American civil servant. He served as the Acting Deputy Administrator of NASA between February 19, 1992 and November 1, 1992.

Other websites
 
 

1931 births
2010 deaths
Administrators of NASA
Politicians from Texas
Ruth Alice "Ronnie" Gilbert (September 7, 1926 – June 6, 2015) was an American folk singer-songwriter, actress and activist. She was one of the original members of The Weavers with Pete Seeger, Lee Hays, and Fred Hellerman.

Gilbert was born in New York City. She was the daughter of Jewish immgrants from Eastern Europe. She had one daughter. She was married twice and was bisexual.

Gilbert died from natural causes on June 6, 2015 in Mill Valley, California, aged 88.

References

Other websites
 
 

1926 births
2015 deaths
Actors from New York City
American activists
American folk musicians
American movie actors
American singer-songwriters
American television actors
Bisexual Jews
Jewish activists
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American musicians
LGBT people from New York City
Singers from New York City
James Chipman Fletcher (June 5, 1919 – December 22, 1991) was an American civil servant. He was the president of the University of Utah from 1964 to 1971. He also served as the 4th and 7th Administrator of NASA. He first served from April 27, 1971 to May 1, 1977, and again from May 12, 1986, to April 8, 1989.

1919 births
1991 deaths
Administrators of NASA
Politicians from New Jersey
Politicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
Academics from Utah
Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses. They cause diseases in birds and mammals, including humans. These diseases can be mild, or they can be fatal. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, for example rhinoviruses). More lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.

They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome. The genome size of coronaviruses is about 26 to 32 kilobases, which is extraordinarily large for an RNA virus. There are four major groups of coronaviruses, called alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.

The most famous coronavirus is one of the betas, the kind that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans.
The name "coronavirus" comes from the Latin word corona, meaning "crown" or "halo", and refers to how virions look under an electron microscopy (E.M.). They have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections looking like a crown. This morphology is created by the viral spike (S) peplomer, which are proteins on the surface of the virus. They decide which cells the virus can infect.

Proteins of coronaviruses are the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N).

Diseases 
Coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of mammals and birds. Six different strains of coronaviruses infect humans. These include:

MERS-CoV
SARS-CoV
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes the disease coronavirus disease 2019 and is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic (formerly referred as the "2019–20 coronavirus outbreak")
Coronaviruses are believed to cause many common colds in human adults. The significance and economic impact of coronaviruses is hard to assess. Unlike rhinoviruses (another common cold virus), human coronaviruses are easy to grow in the laboratory.

Structure 

Coronaviruses are large, spherical particles with unique surface projections. Their size is variable, averageing 80 to 120 nms. The total molecular weight is on average 40,000 kDa. They are enclosed in an envelope studded with projecting protein molecules. These layers protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.
The viral envelope is made up of a lipid bilayer in which the membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored. The ratio of E:S:M in the lipid bilayer is approximately 1:20:300. The E and M protein are the structural proteins that combined with the lipid bilayer to shape the viral envelope and maintain its size. S proteins are needed for interaction with the host cells. But human coronavirus NL63 is peculiar in that its M protein has the binding site for the host cell, and not its S protein. The diameter of the envelope is 85 nm.

History 
The earliest reports of a coronavirus infection in animals occurred in the late 1920s, when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens happened in North America. Arthur Schalk and M.C. Hawn in 1931 made the first detailed report which described a new respiratory infection of chickens in North Dakota. It was not realized at the time that three related viruses were involved.
Scottish virologist June Almeida at St Thomas' Hospital, London, compared the structures of IBV, B814, and 229E in 1967. Using transmission electron microscopy,the three viruses were shown to be similar in shape and have club-like spikes. A research group at the National Institute of Health the same year isolated another member of this group of viruses. Like B814, 229E, and IBV, the novel cold virus OC43 had distinctive club-like spikes when observed with the electron microscope.

The IBV-like novel cold viruses looked like the mouse hepatitis virus. This new group of viruses were called "coronaviruses" from their crown-like appearance. The coronavirus strain B814 was lost. It is not known which present human coronavirus it was. Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2003, HCoV HKU1 in 2004, MERS-CoV in 2013, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. There have been a large number of animal coronaviruses identified since the 1960s.

Related pages
Zoonosis

References
Ontario Highway 33 or King's Highway 33 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from west to east and is 60.9 kilometers (37.8 miles) long. It starts at Highway 62 in Bloomfield in Prince Edward County. At Glenora, the highway crosses the Bay of Quinte by the Glenora Ferry. The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario runs the ferry as a free service. The highway continues on the other side of the bay in Adolphustown. It ends in Kingston.

In 1984, Queen Elizabeth II named the highway between Trenton and Kingston the Loyalist Parkway. It was named after the United Empire Loyalists who settled in the Kingston area after the American Revolutionary War.

30
The Green Party of Ontario (GPO) is a political party in Ontario, Canada. It organized in 1983. It first ran candidates in the 1985 general election. The party got its largest share of the total vote in the 2007 general election. Support of the GPO has declined since then.

In November 2009, Mike Schreiner became the party leader. He became the first member of the Green Party in history to have a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was elected in the 2018 elections.

References

Other websites
 

Political parties of Ontario
Green political parties
Giacomo Furia (2 January 1925 – 5 June 2015) was an Italian actor. He appeared in over 130 movies between 1948 and 1998.

References

Other websites
 
 

1925 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Campania
Italian movie actors
Italian screenwriters
Italian television actors
Writers from Campania
Smosh: The Movie is an upcoming 2015 American comedy movie from Lionsgate Films. The movie will star Anthony Padilla and Ian Hecox, which is part of Smosh from YouTube. It is planned to come out on July 24, 2015.

Plot
An embarrassing video of Anthony surfaces online right before his fifth high school reunion. The Smosh duo then races to pull down the clip before it blows Anthony's chances of reconnecting with his teen crush Anna.

Cast
 Ian Hecox as himself
 Anthony Padilla as himself
 Jillian Nelson as Anna
 Dominic Sandoval
 Brittany Ross
 Jenna Marbles
 Grace Helbig
 Harley Morenstein
 Michael Ian Black
 Shane Dawson
 Mark Fischbach
 Steve Austin
Production
On September 18, 2014, Lionsgate announced that it has picked up global distribution rights to the movie, with production jointly financed by DreamWorks Animation’s AwesomenessTV, and Defy Media, in which Lionsgate has an equity interest. The picture was written by Eric Falconer, creator and executive producer of Blue Mountain State and writer of How I Met Your Mother. The film is executively produced by Padilla, Hecox, Barry Blumberg of Defy Media, Brett Bouttier, Joe Davola and Shauna Phelan. AwesomenessTV founder Brian Robbins serves as producer. It was entirely shot in YouTube Space in Los Angeles, California.

Release
On April 15, 2015, it was announced that the movie will be released on July 24, 2015 and will be having its gala world premiere at Vidcon 2015 in Anaheim, California.

References

Other websites
 

American independent movies
Lionsgate movies
Movies set in California
Rhinovirus is the most common virus in humans, and the main cause of the common cold. It is called 'rhinovirus' because it infects the nose. The symptoms are very well known, and affect the whole of the upper respiratory tract, that is, the nose down to the throat. Children may get six to twelve colds a year.

The temperature most suitable for its survival is between 33 ℃ to 35 ℃. This may explain why it is found in the nose, because the nasal cavity is be open to the outside air.

There are 99 types of rhinovirus, according to their surface proteins. The rhinovirus particles are only 30nm in diameter. This is much smaller than other viruses: many are ten times larger.

References 

Viruses
A latch is a type of hardware that is used to join two objects together. A latch often keeps animals or wind from opening something. This could be a door or a gate. Unlike a lock, a latch is easy to open if you know how, so it can be convenient on a gate that needs to be opened often.

 a childproof latch (also called a baby latch) is designed to keep children from opening doors or drawers. They keep children from getting into things such as household cleaners, medicines, matches or knives.
 a gate latch is used for outdoor gates. There are a wide variety of types. There are also a number of considerations before choosing a gate latch.
 a Touch latch holds a door in the closed position. It releases with a gentle touch on the door.

References 

Hardware (mechanical)
Aarthi Agarwal (March 5 1984 – June 6, 2015) was an American actress. She worked in Telugu cinema. She was known for her first movie role in  Nuvvu Naaku Nachav.

On June 6, 2015, Agarwal died at the AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey from cardiac arrest, aged 31.

References

Other websites
 

1984 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New Jersey
Jane Briggs (“Janey”) Hart (October 21, 1921 - June 5, 2015) was an American aviator. She was the widow of Senator Philip A. Hart. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. She was a member of the NASA's Mercury 13. Hart was also an avid sailor and has sailed in the Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race 15 times as part of an all-women crew.

Hart died on June 5, 2015 in West Hartford, Connecticut from Alzheimer's disease, aged 93.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
American activists
American aviators
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Connecticut
People from Detroit
Philip Aloysius Hart (December 10, 1912December 26, 1976) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a  Democrat. He served as a United States Senator from Michigan from 1959 until his death in 1976. He was known as the "Conscience of the Senate."

Hart died of skin cancer on December 26, 1976 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 64.

References

1921 births
1976 deaths
Deaths from skin cancer
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
United States senators from Michigan
Lieutenant Governors of Michigan
Politicians from Pennsylvania
People from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
TAESA was a Mexican low-cost carrier. It began on April 27, 1988.  It was one of the first low-cost airlines in Mexico.  At times, it became Mexico's 3rd largest airline, after Aeroméxico and Mexicana de Aviacion. On November 9, 1999, a TAESA plane crashed.  It was flying from Uruapan to Mexico City International Airport. The crash killed 18 people.  That crash and other factors led to TAESA declaring bankruptcy in February 2000.

Gallery

References

1988 establishments in North America
2000 disestablishments in North America
1980s establishments in Mexico
Disestablishments in Mexico
Airlines of Mexico
Adria Airways was the national airline of Slovenia. It began on 14 March 1961 and ended on 30 September 2019. In 1969, it bought its first jet aircraft, the Douglas DC-9. In December 1981, an Adria airplane crashed in Corsica. The crash killed 180 people.  Adria bought its first Airbus A320 in 1989. As of June 2015, Adria has 12 airplanes.

References

1961 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Slovenia
2010s disestablishments in Europe
2019 disestablishments in Europe
Defunct airlines of Europe
A universal indicator is a test to measure the pH value of a liquid. The solution that is used has several chemical indicators in it. This means that the indicator is able to show different colours (and therefore pH value ranges). The drawback of this solution is that it cannot be used for titrations, which expect a well-defined change in color.

Related pages 
pH indicator
Litmus paper

Chemistry
Anti-revisionism is  opposition to attempts to modify or reject the fundamentals of communist revolutionary theory and practice. Reformism is seen as a concession to communism's adversaries.

Revisionism comes from within the Party, towards whatever is the standard policy of the Party. After Stalin's death, Krushchev's style and policies were thought by Stalinists to be revisionist. The  People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong and the People's Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha proclaimed themselves to be taking an anti-revisionist line and denounced Khrushchev's policies.

Communism
Paul Labile Pogba is a French professional footballer. He plays for Serie A club Juventus and the France national team. He is currently suspended for testing positive for testosterone.

Pogba began his professional career with Manchester United in 2011. In 2012 he began playing for Juventus. In 2016 he transferred back to Manchester United for a world-record £89m.

International career

He won the World Cup for France against Croatia on 15 July 2018.

References

Living people
Footballers from Île-de-France
People from Seine-et-Marne
1993 births
Manchester United F.C. players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Kazuo Chiba (; 5 February 1940 – 5 June 2015), also known as T. K. Chiba, was a Japanese aikido teacher. He was best known as the founder of Birankai International which includes organizations in the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Greece, Poland, Canada, the United States and many other places worldwide. He was active in aikido for 50 years from 1958 until his retirement in 2008. He was born in Tochigi Prefecture.

Chiba died after a long illness on 5 June 2015 in San Diego, California, United States. He was 75.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in California
Japanese martial artists
Sportspeople from Tochigi Prefecture
Albertus Petrus Enricus Gerardus Westelaken (2 September 1949 – 4 June 2015), better known by his stage name Albert West, was a Dutch pop singer and record producer. He was the lead singer of The Shuffles from 1963 to 1973. He was born in 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant.

References

Other websites

  
 

1949 births
2015 deaths
Dutch singers
Musicians from North Brabant
People from 's-Hertogenbosch
Pop singers
Record producers
The Shuffles were a Dutch pop band formed in Rosmalen, North Brabant. The group, fronted by the late Albert West, were active for ten years from 1963 until 1973.

Discography

Singles
 1969 – "Cha-La-La, I Need You"
 1970 – "Believe Now in Tomorrow"
 1970 – "Bitter Tears"
 1970 – "Teardrop on Teardrop"
 1970 – "The Way the Music Goes"
 1970 – "Without You"
 1971 – "Glory, Glory"
 1971 – "I Give You My Love"

References

Dutch musical groups
Musical groups established in 1963
1960s establishments in the Netherlands
1973 disestablishments
1970s disestablishments in Europe
World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated every year on June 5. On this day, people are supposed to do good things for the natural environment and sustainability. These acts help to protect nature and the planet Earth. It is run by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The theme in 2023 is “Solutions for plastic pollution”, 2022 was “Only One Earth”, 2021 was “Ecosystem restoration”, 2020 was "Time for nature", in 2019 was “Beat Air pollution” and in 2018 was "Beat Plastic pollution".

Related pages
Earth Day

Other websites 
Official site 

Environmental issues
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup was the seventh FIFA Women's World Cup, hosted by Canada. The tournament began on 6 June and ended on 5 July. In a rematch of the 2011 final, the defending champions Japan met the United States. The USA scored four goals in the first 16 minutes, with three by Carli Lloyd, on their way to a 5–2 win and their third Women's World Cup title.

Teams

Venues 

The cities of Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Montreal and Moncton hosted matches.

Artificial turf 

Some believe that artificial turf causes more injuries than normal grass. More than 50 players have protested the use of artificial turf, saying that it is sexist. They filed a lawsuit against FIFA, however, they dropped the lawsuit in January 2015.

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Group E

Group F

Third placed teams

Knockout stage

Bracket

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Third place play-off

Final

Statistics

Top scorers 

6 goals
  Célia Šašić
  Carli Lloyd

 5 goals
  Anja Mittag
3 goals

  Kyah Simon
  Gaëlle Enganamouit
  Fara Williams
  Marie-Laure Delie
  Eugénie Le Sommer
  Ada Hegerberg
  Ramona Bachmann
  Fabienne Humm

 2 goals

  Lisa De Vanna
  Madeleine Ngono Mani
  Gabrielle Onguéné
  Christine Sinclair
  Wang Lisi
  Wang Shanshan
  Lady Andrade
  Lucy Bronze
  Karen Carney
  Sara Däbritz
  Lena Petermann
  Ange N'Guessan
  Aya Miyama
  Yūki Ōgimi
  Kirsten van de Ven
  Solveig Gulbrandsen
  Isabell Herlovsen
  Linda Sembrant
  Orathai Srimanee
  Megan Rapinoe

 1 goal
1 goal

  Andressa Alves
  Formiga
  Marta
  Raquel
  Christine Manie
  Ajara Nchout
  Josée Bélanger
  Ashley Lawrence
  Daniela Montoya
  Catalina Usme
  Melissa Herrera
  Raquel Rodríguez
  Karla Villalobos
  Angie Ponce
  Steph Houghton
  Fran Kirby
  Jodie Taylor
  Amandine Henry
  Louisa Nécib
  Élodie Thomis
  Melanie Behringer
  Simone Laudehr
  Melanie Leupolz
  Dzsenifer Marozsán
  Alexandra Popp
  Josée Nahi
  Saori Ariyoshi
  Mana Iwabuchi
  Mizuho Sakaguchi
  Aya Sameshima
  Yuika Sugasawa
  Fabiola Ibarra
  Verónica Pérez
  Lieke Martens
  Rebekah Stott
  Hannah Wilkinson
  Ngozi Okobi
  Francisca Ordega
  Asisat Oshoala
  Maren Mjelde
  Trine Rønning
  Cho So-hyun
  Jeon Ga-eul
  Ji So-yun
  Kim Soo-yun
  Verónica Boquete
  Victoria Losada
  Nilla Fischer
  Sofia Jakobsson
  Eseosa Aigbogun
  Ana-Maria Crnogorčević
  Martina Moser
  Thanatta Chawong
  Tobin Heath
  Lauren Holiday
  Alex Morgan
  Kelley O'Hara
  Christen Press
  Abby Wambach
1 own goal
  Laura Bassett (playing against Japan)
  Jennifer Ruiz (playing against France)
  Desire Oparanozie (playing against Sweden)
  Julie Johnston (playing against Japan)

 2 own goals
  Angie Ponce (in the same match, playing against Switzerland)

Team rankings

References

Other websites

 FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015 , FIFA.com
 FIFA Technical Report 

FIFA Women's World Cup
Anja Mittag (born in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany on 16 May 1985) is a German association football player who currently plays for Paris Saint-Germain Féminines and the Germany women's national football team. She has won the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, UEFA Women's Euro 2009 and the UEFA Women's Euro 2013. She was also Sweden's Player of the Year in 2012 and 2014 while she played in the Damallsvenskan.

References 

1985 births
Living people
Female footballers
German footballers
People from Chemnitz
Sportspeople from Saxony
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group A is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that include Canada, Netherlands, China, New Zealand.

Table

Matches

Canada vs China PR

New Zealand vs Netherlands

China PR vs Netherlands

Canada vs New Zealand

Netherlands vs Canada

China PR vs New Zealand

Statistics

Top scorers 

1 goal

  Christine Sinclair
  Lieke Martens

References 

2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group B is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that includes Germany, Norway, Thailand and the Ivory Coast.

Table

Games

Norway vs Thailand

Germany vs Ivory Coast

Germany vs Norway

Ivory Coast vs Thailand

Thailand vs Germany

Ivory Coast vs Norway

Statistics

Top scorers 

4 goals

  Anja Mittag

3 goals

  Célia Šašić
  Ada Hegerberg

2 goals

  Lena Petermann
  Sara Däbritz
  Ange N'Guessan
  Isabell Herlovsen
  Orathai Srimanee

1 goal

  Melanie Behringer
  Simone Laudehr
  Alexandra Popp
  Melanie Leupolz
  Josée Nahi
  Solveig Gulbrandsen
  Maren Mjelde
  Trine Rønning
  Thanatta Chawong

References 

2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group C is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that includes Japan, Switzerland, Cameroon and Ecuador.

Table

Games

Cameroon vs Ecuador

Japan vs Switzerland

Switzerland vs Ecuador

Japan vs Cameroon

Ecuador vs Japan

Switzerland vs Cameroon

References 

2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group D is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that includes United States, Australia, Sweden, Nigeria.

Table

Games

Sweden vs Nigeria

United States vs Australia

Australia vs Nigeria

United States vs Sweden

Nigeria vs United States

Australia vs Sweden

References 

2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
Ada Hegerberg (born in Molde, Norway on 10 July 1995) is a Norwegian association football player who currently plays for Olympique Lyonnais and the Norway women's national football team. She has an older sister named Andrine Hegerberg. She also is part of Norway's 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup squad.

References 

Norwegian footballers
Sara Däbritz (born 15 February 1995 in Amberg, Germany) is a German association football player who currently plays for FC Bayern Munich and the Germany women's national football team.

Club career 

She played for SpVgg SV Weiden and SC Freiburg in her youth, and played for SC Freiburg in her senior career until she transfered to FC Bayern Munich in 2015.

International career 

Däbritz has played for Germany's Under 15, Under 17, Under 19 and Under 20 youth squads. She most recently was played in the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

International statistics 
As of 15 June 2015

International goals 
As of 15 June 2015

References 

1995 births
Living people
Female footballers
German footballers
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Lieke Martens (born on 16 December 1992 in Nieuw-Bergen, Netherlands) is a Dutch association football player who currently plays for Barcelona and the Netherlands women's national football team. She has also played for the clubs SC Heerenveen, VVV-Venlo, Standard Liège and FCR 2001 Duisburg. She is part of the Netherland's 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup squad.

1992 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
FCR 2001 Duisburg (officially known as Fußballclub Rumeln 2001 Duisburg) was a German women's association football club that was dissolved in 2013 because of a financial crisis. After the club disbanded, it merged with MSV Duisburg.

Notable players 

Some notable players who played for the club include Alexandra Popp, Ashlyn Harris, Sara Däbritz, Simone Laudehr, Lieke Martens and Annike Krahn.

Honours 
 Bundesliga 1: 2000
 DFB-Pokal 3: 1998, 2009, 2010
 UEFA Cup 1: 2009

Duisburg
German football clubs
Sport in North Rhine-Westphalia
2013 disestablishments in Europe
2010s disestablishments in Germany
Lakmé is a French opera in three acts by Léo Delibes, first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, on April 14, 1883, libretto by Edmond Gondinet and Philippe Gille, after Pierre Loti Rarahu's Le mariage de Loti. An immediate success, it has remained one of the most popular of French operas.

Principal roles and voice types
 Lakmé - soprano
 Gérald - tenor
 Mallika - mezzo-soprano
 Nilakantha - bass

Discography