Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
XOR logic gate 

XOR ("exclusive or") gates have two inputs. The output of a XOR gate will be true only if the two inputs are different from each other. If both inputs are the same, the output will be off.

NAND logic gate 

NAND means not both. It is called NAND because it means "not and." This means that it will always output true unless both inputs are on.

XNOR logic gate 

XNOR means "not exclusive or." This means that it will only output true if both inputs are the same. It is the opposite of a XOR logic gate.

References

 
Electronic circuits
The Plaza Mayor of Madrid was built in the 1400's on the same location as the old Plaza del Arrabal (square outside the walls). It was used as a market in the Middle Ages. It is also called the Plaza de la Constitución.

In the 1560s, King Philip II and his architect, Juan de Herrera planned to change it into a proper square for the Courts. The first part to be finished was the Casa de la Panaderia (bakery) in 1590. Gómez de Mora gave it the rectangular form. The ground is still cobbled. It finally opened in 1620 under the rule of King Philip III.

The statue in the middle is King Philip III on horseback made by Juan de Bologna. The statue was moved from the Casa de Campo to the Plaza Mayor in 1848.

In the 1700's, it was used for the crowning of kings, bullfights, carnivals and even executions. People watched from the balconies around the square.
The Plaza has been damaged by three fires. Juan de Villanova had the plaza built again in 1853 and that is what is seen today. People can enter the plaza through nine different arches.

References

Other websites 

 Casa de la Panaderia. High resolution photo
 360° view of Plaza Mayor, Madrid
 Plaza Mayor, description and pictures 
Plaza Mayor Information and photos.
Plaza Mayor in English Visitor and student information, history, present day uses and photos.

Madrid
Town squares in Europe
1400s establishments
15th-century establishments in Spain
15th-century buildings and structures
The Gran Vía (The Great Way) is one of the most important shopping areas in Madrid, Spain.  It also has hotels and large movie theaters.

Many of the buildings on the Gran Vía are decorated with fancy sculptures.  One of the more impressive buildings on the Gran Vía is the Edificio Metropolis.  It was built in 1907 by Jules and Raymond Février.  It has a statue of the winged Roman goddess, Victoria, on the top.  Madrid's first skyscraper, Telefonica's Head Office, is also on the Gran Vía.

The Gran Vía was planned in the 1850s.  They did not start building the road until 1904 and finished it in 1929.  People laughed at the plan because it took so long to get started.  As a joke, they called it the 'gran vía' or 'great road'.

Other websites 
A View On Cities - Gran Via, Madrid

Buildings and structures in Madrid
Cibeles is the name given to the marble fountain found in the Plaza de Cibeles (Cybele's Square) in Madrid, Spain. It is on a very busy road crossing. The statue was made by Ventura Rodriguez. King Carlos III asked to have it made in 1716. It has changed several times. It was moved to the central position in 1895.

The lady is the Goddess of Fertility. She sits on a chariot pulled by lions. The lions' names are Hippomenes and Atalanta. They were people that the goddess turned into lions because they ruined her temple. The lions were made by Robert Michel. 

Buildings and structures in Madrid
The Puerta del Sol (Sun Gate) is known as 'Spain's belly button'. In the 1400s, it was the gate or entrance of the east side of the city. Since the sun rises in the east, it got the name Puerta del Sol. It is now the center of 'kilometer 0' of Madrid. All roads are measured from this point.

It was rebuilt in 1854. The statue of King Carlos III is in the middle of the square. The red brick building there is the former post office. The famous Oso y el Madroño (bear eating madroños) statue can also be found here. The Puerta del Sol is also famous for its New Year's celebration which has been broadcast on television since December 31, 1962.

Gallery

Buildings and structures in Madrid
The Palacio Real de Madrid (Royal Palace of Madrid) is the official home of the King of Spain. It is located in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest palaces in western Europe.

King Felipe V had the palace built to replace the Alcazar that was burned down. It is made of limestone and granite. It was supposed to look a little like the Palace of Versailles in France. Juan Bautista Sachetti was in charge of building the palace. They started to build it in 1738. Carlos III moved into the palace in 1764. It took a hundred years to decorate all the rooms.

Spanish kings lived there until 1931 when King Alfonso XIII was forced to leave Spain. The Royal Palace is still used for special ceremonies. Letizia was supposed to walk on a red carpet from the Royal Palace to the cathedral for the wedding with Prince Felipe but it rained so she was taken in car.
Fifty of the rooms in the palace are open for public visits. Visitors enter the palace from the Plaza de la Armería. Some of the rooms that can be seen are: the 'porcelain' room, 'throne' room and 'clock' room. There is a royal army museum in the palace.

Location
The Almudena Cathedral is nearby the palace.

The Royal Alcazar of Madrid was originally on the site.

References

Palaces in Spain
Buildings and structures in Madrid
The Puerta de Alcalá (Alcalá Gate) is a monument in the Plaza de la Independencia ("Independence Square") in Madrid, Spain. Francisco Sabatini created the monument in 1778 for Carlos III when he arrived in Madrid.  It is the gateway to the Court.  It is built of granite and limestone.  It has three big arches that have lion's heads on top made by Robert Michel.  There are two smaller arches on the sides.  At the very top of the monument, there are angels, trophies and the coat of arms which were all made by Francisco Gutiérrez.

Other websites 
 A site with some more information about the monument 
 Puerta de Alcalá at Google Maps
 High resolution photos

Buildings and structures in Madrid
Plaza is a Spanish word related to "field" which describes an open public space in a city, such as a city square. In Spanish America, the plaza mayor of each city had three things: the cathedral, the cabildo or administrative center, and the audiencia or law court. The plaza might be large enough to serve as a military parade ground. At times of crisis or fiesta, it was a space where many people could be together at once. Similar to Italian piazzas, plazas are still a center of community life, like the market-place.

Most colonial cities in Spanish America were planned around a square plaza de armas, where troops could gather.

A plaza de toros is a bullring.
Shopping center
The first shopping center in the United States, opened in Kansas City, Missouri in 1922, was called "Country Club Plaza" and had Spanish-style architectural details. More recently, plaza has been used to describe a shopping center, similar to a shopping mall. Calling a shopping center a plaza is to give the idea of a center of cultural life.

Related pages

Plaza Mayor of Madrid

Spanish culture
In physiology, transduction is the change of a stimulus from one form to another. 

Transduction in the nervous system means synaptic events where an electrical signal is converted into a chemical one by the release of neurotransmitters. 

In sensory transduction a chemical or physical stimulus is transduced by sensory receptors into an electrical signal.

For example, in the visual system, sensory cells called rod  and cone cells in the retina change the physical energy of light signals into electrical impulses that travel to the brain. The light causes a change in a protein called rhodopsin. 

In mammals, more light hitting the receptor results in the transduction of a signal into fewer electrical impulses. In invertebrates, more rhodopsin activation results in increased frequency of neuron firing.

Related pages 
Signal transduction

References 

physiology
A Resource is something that can be used for a purpose. For example, tools and materials are resources. There are many kinds of resource:
Resource (Types and Developments), any natural or human wealth that can be used for satisfying human needs
 Resource (economics), properties and opportunities which are used in the process of producing goods, including:
 Natural resource, something that is valuable in its relatively natural form
 Human resources (HR) or human capital, valuable human work power
 Resource (project management), economic resources used in planning of tasks
 Resource (computer science), files which contain data (like icons or images) to be used by a computer program, including
 Resource (Web)
Uniform Resource Identifier
Uniform Resource Locator
 Resource (Macintosh), data associated with a Mac OS file
 Resource (Windows), data embedded in EXE and DLL files
 Resource (Java), application data
S.C. Corinthians Paulista is a football club which plays in Brazil.

History 
Football (soccer) had already established itself as the popular new sport in Brazil and when the dry season came and the fields dried out they were soon filled with lovers of the new game. São Paulo's sporting elite had formed several clubs,Germânia, Paulistano and Campos Elíseos among them, but access to the game was still largely restricted to the city's well off.

First members 

So a group of working class fans - painter and decorators Joaquim Ambrósio, Antônio Pereira and César Nunes; cobbler Rafael Perrone; driver Anselmo Correia; foundry worker; Alexandre Magnani: cook Salvador Lopomo; labourer João da Silva and tailor Antônio Nunes - decided to start their own team. Bataglia decided to get involved he was named the club's first president.
Name 
The new club needed a name. Joaquim Ambrósio suggested they call themselves after the Corinthians Casuals Football Club, the famous English team that was then on tour in Brazil. The press and fans in Brazil who were following the tour shortened the English club's name to Corinthian's Team and so the founders did away with the aopstrophe and the club won its elegant name Corinthians.

Nickames 
Corinthians is also known as Big Team, Coringão, The Musketeer and Champion of the Champions.

Colours 
Finally, the club picked colours. The club's first strip was beige with black trim and had the distinctive letters "C" and "P" for Corinthians Paulista. However, when the strips were washed, the black bled into the beige. The directors could not afford to keep buying new strips every time the colours ran so they decided to change their colours. They swapped the beige for white. In present-day, the colours of Corinthians are Black and White.
Stadium 
The name of Corinthians´s stadium is Arena Corinthians, also known as Itaquerão and with a capacity crowd of 68,000.

1st match 
The team from Varzea Paulista. Playing away from home in their first match, Corinthians were expected to lose heavily but they showed they were not there just to make up the numbers and they battled hard before narrowly going down by a goal to nil.

Second match and first win 
The defeat turned out to be a one-off. Four days later, Corinthians proved they would be a name to be reckoned with and beat Estrela Polar 2-0. The honour of scoring the club's first goal went to striker Luís Fabi, who wrote himself into the history books by grabbing the opener. They followed the match with an unbeaten streak that lasted two years.

The "big league" 
They then won 1-0 away at Minas Gerais and then beat São Paulo do Bexiga 4-0 at home. They had secured their place in the big league.
Things got even better the following year and in 1914 a dynasty took hold. In just their second Paulista Championship, Corinthians destroyed the competition and won all 10 games, scoring 39 times in the process. Neco ended the tournament's top goalscorer with 12 goals.

Threepeats 
Corinthians picked up yet another Paulista Championship in 1922 but this victory had something special about it. The winner took the title not only of Paulista Champions but also of Centenary Champions, a title they would hold for at least the next 100 years.

By this time, winning the Paulista was becoming routine. The team won the league three years in a row in 1922, 1923 and 1924 under the command of Neco, the club's first great idol, and would do so again in 1928, 1929 and 1930.
Rivalry 
The great and only rival of Corinthians is Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras. This is the most derbie and traditional rivalry in Brazilian football. The fans of Corinthians called Palmeiras as a pig and the fans of palmeiras called Corinthians as a skunk.

Problems 
However, and between 1931 and 1934 a series of bad results left the team trailing. Corinthians lost to all their big rivals of the time and failed to make an impression in the league, never finishing higher than fourth.
Solutions 
The turnaround came in 1937, and for the rest of the decade there was only one team in the state. Corinthians won the Paulista Championship in 1937, 1938 and 1939 to become the first team ever to win three back-to-back titles three times. Even today, no other team has managed to equal such a feat. The man who led the way was centre-forward Teleco. One of the club's greatest ever goalscorers, he topped the scoring charts in 1937 and 1939. The former year he scored almost half the club's goals, while in the latter he got an amazing 60 percent.

100th Goal 
The 100-goal attack made history not only for the club but also for the league. In 1951, a front line made up of Carbone, Cláudio, Luizinho, Baltazar and Mário scored 103 goals in 30 games in the Paulista Championship, an average of 3.43 per game. The title was theirs, as was the trophy for top goalscorer, which went to Carbone, who got 30 of the team's goals.
Awards 
In the years that followed, more titles were added to the growing trophy room at Parque São Jorge. In 1952, the Timão won the Paulista Championship for the second successive year, with Baltazar finishing top scorer. In 1953, they took the Rio-São Paulo title and the Little World Cup - the club's first international title - and in 1954 they walked off with another Rio-São Paulo as well as the Paulista do IV centenário de São Paulo. In 1956 and 1957, they won the Invencible Trophy, the cup given to the team that went the longest number of games undefeated.
The Corinthians Invasion 
In 1976, Corinthians almost won their first Brazilian League title and the club's fans played a starring role in one of the most memorable moments in footballing history. Corinthians were drawn against Fluminense in the semi-finals of the league play offs at the Maracanã. More than 70,000 Corinthians fans made the six-hour trip up the motorway to Rio de Janeiro in a massive convoy that was christened the "Corinthians Invasion."

10.13.1977	
Corinthians won the first game but lost the second and so needed to win a third and deciding match to take the title. It was quite a struggle, with the match goalless until the 81st minute. Then, a Zé Maria free kick was directed onto the bar by Vaguinho. Wladimir headed the rebound back towards goal where Oscar was on hand to knock it off the line. The ball fell to Basílio in the area and he hammered it into the net and gave Corinthians the goal they so desperately wanted. The 1977 Paulista Championship was theirs.
The Timão was always one of the most important clubs in Brazil. But the Corinthians Democracy movement was unique in world football. Through organisation, team spirit and democracy, they did something no other team has managed before or since. When players as politically and socially conscientious as Sócrates, Wladimir, Casagrande and Zenon get together then there are bound to be changes in the dressing room. Those four stars were the driving force behind the greatest ideological movement in the history of Brazilian football: Corinthians Democracy. And this in the middle of the country's military dictatorship. Corinthians Democracy did something that seemed impossible. Through football, the most popular sport in the country, they got people talking about all sorts of important and relevant questions concerning society, democracy and the end of military rule
. In addition to that not inconsiderable feat, they showed that it was possible to create a society in which everyone's opinions are heard and respected and where democracy, through the imposition of the wishes of the majority, could prevail. They won the Paulista Championship in 1982 and 1983, beating city rivals São Paulo both times. In 1982, they battled back after losing the first game 3-2 to take the next two matches 1-0 and 3-1 and lift the trophy. The next year they won again, thanks to a series of brilliant performances from Sócrates. The good doctor scored all the team's goals in the semi-finals against Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (1-1 and 1-0) as well as in the final against São Paulo Futebol Clube (1-0 and 1-1). His four goals brought the team their 19th Paulista Championship.
Glorious Decade 
The 1990s was to prove a glorious decade for Corinthians, who captured three Brazilian Championships (in 1990 beating São Paulo Futebol Clube, in 1998 beating Cruzeiro and in 1999 led the championship since the beginning at the finished and beating Atlético Mineiro at the final game), three State Championships (in 1995 beating Palmeiras, in 1997 beating São Paulo and 1999 beating Palmeiras again) and a Brazilian Cup (in 1995 beating Grêmio) in quick succession.

FIFA Club World Championship 
In 2000, Corinthians, who captured FIFA Club World Championship victory against Vasco da Gama(win 4-3 on penalties) at the Maracanã Stadium. This match had attendance of 73,000 peoples. This is the most important title of Corinthians. Corinthians played the final game with Dida, Índio, Fábio Luciano, Adílson & Kléber; Vampeta (Gilmar), Rincón, Marcelinho Carioca & Ricardinho (Edu); Edílson (Fernando Baiano) & Luizão. 
Coach: Oswaldo de Oliveira
New Era 
The final months of 2004 marked a new era for the Timão and for Brazilian football. The partnership between MSI and Corinthians revolutionised the game and brought internationalists like Carlos Tévez, Javier Mascherano, Roger, Carlos Alberto and Gustavo Nery to the club. The future was bright for the club and fans could not help but feel optimistic they would enjoy many more triumphs in the coming years.

And so it proved, with success coming quicker than they could have hoped for. Led by Argentine star Carlos Tévez, the Timão had a sensational league campaign in 2005 and won their fourth Brazilian League Title in 2005.

More signings 
More new signings were made in 2006 with Ricardinho, Rafael Moura and goalkeeper Silvio Luiz coming to the club in a bid to strengthen a squad that would be competing for another Brazilian League title and the Copa Libertadores.
Honours 
 2 FIFA Club World Championship: 2000, 2012.
 1 Trophy Ramón de Carranza: 1996.
 1 Trophy International Charles Müller: 1955. 
 1 Little World Cup: 1953.
 6 Brazilian Championships: 1990, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2015.
 1 Brazilian Championship B: 2008
 3 Brazilian Cups: 1995, 2002, 2009.
 5 Rio-São Paulo Tournaments: 1950, 1953, 1954, 1966, 2002.
 27 São Paulo State Championships: 1914, 1916, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1988, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2009, 2013.
 1 Libertadores Cup: 2012.

Players
As July 24, 2012.

First team squad
First team squad

Legendary players 
Neco (1913-30), Teleco (1933-44), Servílio (1938-48), Domingos da Guia (1944-48), Cláudio (1945-57), Baltazar (1947-58), Luizinho (1949-62 & 1964-67), Gilmar (1951-61), Rivelino (1965-74), Sócrates (1978-84), Daniel González (1982), Dunga (1984-85), Neto (1989-93), Carlos Gamarra (1998-99), Dida (1999-2001), Marcelinho Carioca (1993-97, 1998-2001), Edílson (1997-2000), Luizão (1999-2002), Carlos Tévez (2005-06), Ronaldo (2009), Roberto Carlos (2010), Emerson Sheik (2011-2012).

References

Other websites 
 Official Home Page  (in Portuguese) 
 FIFA Home Page 
 About Corinthians vs. Palmeiras

Football clubs in São Paulo (state)
1910 establishments in South America
1910s establishments in Brazil
Lyrics are the words to a song. A person who writes lyrics is called a lyricist.

The lyrics of a song will usually have a meaning. Some times the meaning is easy to find but other times it can be very difficult to know what the lyrics mean. Some lyrics are so strange that it is nearly impossible to understand them. In such cases, people tend to look more at the form, articulation, meter, and symmetries of the lyrics instead of looking at their meaning.

There are many websites that have the lyrics to songs. This may be a bad thing since many web sites include copyrighted lyrics without permission from the copyright holder. The United States Music Publishers' Association (MPA), which represents sheet music companies, created a campaign against such sites in December 2005. MPA president Lauren Keiser said that the sites are "completely illegal" and that he wanted to see some site operators put in prison.

Etymology and usage
"Lyric" is from the Greek; a lyric was originally a song sung with a lyre.
A lyric poem is one that expresses a subjective, personal point of view.
 I would be the Lyric
 Ever on the lip,
 Rather than the Epic
 Memory lets die.
 –Thomas Bailey Aldrich

The word lyric was used for the "words of a popular song" about 1876  for the first time. The plural lyrics was used only in referring to the words of several songs. That it is used for the words of a single song as its lyrics became increasingly common (probably because of the association between lyrics and the plural form words), and is common in modern usage of today's society. Use of the singular form lyric is still grammatically acceptable.

References 

Poetry

hu:Líra (műnem)
Judicial review is the power of a court to decide whether a law or decision by the government is constitutional. This power was established in the United States in the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison.

Countries that have judicial review are: India, Ireland, Malaysia, the Philippines, England, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States.

Related pages
 Constitution
 Constitutional economics

Law
Torrance is the name of several places:
Torrance, California, United States
Torrance, Pennsylvania, United States
Torrance, Ontario, Canada
Torrance, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland
Torrance, South Lanarkshire, Scotland

People:
Chris Torrance, poet
Ellis Paul Torrance (1915-2003), American psychologist
Jack Torrance, fictional writer in Stephen King's The Shining
Jared Sidney Torrance (1852-1921), real estate developer
Marco Torrance, musician
Robert Torrance, Professor Emeritus at University_of_California, Davis
Sam Torrance, golfer
Asian Dust (also yellow dust, yellow sand, yellow wind, or China dust storms) is a weather occurrence that happens each year. It affects much of East Asia during the spring. The dust comes from deserts in Mongolia, northern China, and Kazakhstan. The dust comes from surface winds and dust storms in the desert. The wind carries the clouds eastward to China, Japan, Eastern Siberia, and the Koreas. Smaller particles in the clouds can travel much farther to places like the United States. In the last ten years, these dust storms have become a serious problem because they have picked up industrial pollutants.

Other websites
 Asian Dust in Korea 
 Ostapuk, Paul Asian Dust Clouds
 Szykman, Jim et al.Impact of April 2001 Asian Dust Event on Particulate Matter Concentrations in the United States
 Kwon Ho-Jang et al.Effects of the Asian Dust Events on Daily Mortality in Seoul, Korea 
 Carbon Monoxide Measurements in the Mongolian Desert Dust Cloud at Boulder 
 The Bibliography of Aeolian Research 

Weather events
Aden Abdulle Osman Daar (Aaden Cabdulle Cusmaan Daar) (9 December 1908 – 8 June 2007), was a Somali politician. 

In February 1944, he joined the Somali Youth Club (later called the Somali Youth League). The group was a nationalist party that wanted independence for Somalia. Daar became a member of the party's steering board. In 1946, he was appointed as the secretary of one section of the party. He was chairman of the Somali Youth League from 1954 to 1956, and again from 1958 to 1959. In 1956, he was elected chairman of the Legislative Assembly.

When Somalia gained its independence on July 1, 1960, Daar was elected as the first president of Somalia. He was beaten in the 1967 presidential election against Abdirashid Ali Shermarke. He finished his term as president on June 10, 1967.

1908 births
2007 deaths
Presidents of Somalia
A service of worship is a religious meeting where people of a church come together, in order to worship God. They often meet in a church building made for the purpose, but may do it in some other building or outdoors. The meeting may also be called a church service or prayer service or just service. It is the usual term used in the Christian religion for such a meeting. The term is also used sometimes in Judaism, although prayer service or just service are more common.

Christianity

In the Christian churches services are normally held on Sundays, although there may be services on other days as well, especially in large churches or cathedrals.

In the Protestant church services are usually led by a pastor, although sometimes they may be led by laymen (people who are not priests). In Catholic churches and some others, they are called "Mass". 

Services often include Holy Communion or Eucharist.  Matins is a morning service which does not include communion.  An evening service is called Evensong.
Church services are also held for weddings, funerals, or other special occasions.

Services may include prayers, singing, sermons (preaching) and readings from the Bible.

Judaism
In Judaism, each prayer service is built around two main elements:  Shema and Amida. Three prayers are required for each day.
The three daily prayers in Judaism are Shaharit (Shacharit) for morning prayer, Minha (Mincha) for afternoon prayer and Arvit or Maariv for evening prayer.  The basics of each prayer consist of the Shema (although the afternoon prayer does not require Shema), and the Amida (standing prayer) which is the definitive prayer of each service.  Fundamentally, when a Jew says "prayer", he or she means Amida.  Everything else (which is largely Psalms) is just detail.
The Shema. The Shema includes three paragraphs from the Torah:  , , and .  These three paragraphs include the most basic ideas about Judaism, God, and God's relationship with the Jewish people.
The text of the Shema says it should be said "when you go to bed" and "when you wake up".  Because of this, Shema is said at the morning and evening prayer services, but not the afternoon service.
The Amidah. The Amidah ("standing prayer") is a group of blessings about everything in the relationship between God and Jews.  After the Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed, prayer became a substitute for sacrifices.   Because of this, Amidah is said at the same time of day as sacrifices:
Morning and afternoon every day, at the time of the daily burnt-offering
Evening every day, at the time when remaining pieces of the day's sacrifices were burned
Musaf. Late morning on Shabbat, Rosh Chodesh (day of new Jewish month) and major Jewish holidays, because additional sacrifices were offered then
Ne'ilah. Late afternoon at the end of Yom Kippur
Jewish prayer services are held whenever the Amidah prayer is said.  In the morning and evening, they also include Shema.
References

Worship

lt:Apeigos
Bandidos is a motorcycle club with a worldwide membership. The club was formed in 1966 by Don Chambers in Texas. Its slogan is "We are the people our parents warned us about". Bandidos is estimated to have 2 400 members in 195 chapters, located in 14 countries.

Other websites 
Bandidos MC

Motorcycle clubs
Hells Angels is a motorcycle club with a worldwide membership. The club was formed in 1948 in Fontana, California. One of the best known members is Ralph 'Sonny' Barger, the "Godfather of the Hells Angels".

Other websites 
Hells Angels MC
Ralph 'Sonny' Barger homepage
Hells Angels World Links

Motorcycle clubs
The Outlaws Motorcycle Club is an American motorcycle club. It was formed in Mc Cook, Illinois in 1935. The club has chapters in USA, Canada, Australia, Asia and Europe.

Other websites 
Outlaws MC

Motorcycle clubs
Blood and Honour is a Neo-Nazi music promotion network. The group organises concerts and distributes records by Rock Against Communism bands. Ian Stuart Donaldson, singer of the band Skrewdriver, was the founder of Blood and Honour. The name Blood and Honour is taken from the motto of the Hitler Youth, Blut und Ehre.

Other websites 
 Blood & Honour International
 Blood & Honour UK
 Blood & Honour UK - Central Division
 Blood & Honour Radio
 Blood & Honour USA
 Blood & Honour Australia 
 Blood & Honour Croatia 
 Blood & Honour Finland 
 Blood & Honour Greece 
 Blood & Honour Netherlands 
 Blood & Honour Hungary 
 Blood & Honour Vlaanderen 
 Blood & Honour Ukraine 

Rock Against Communism
Perry Rhodan is a German science fiction series, published since 1961.

Perry Rhodan picks up nearly every theme that has ever appeared in science fiction. People from outside have criticised the series, but its commercial success during several decades has become a literary phenomenon in itself.  If nothing else, Perry Rhodan provides a mirror of the 1960s Cold War, 1970s New Age, and 1980s peace movement in its story line.  The series has an important influence on German writers in the field. The writing of the series still goes on.

History

Written by an ever-changing team of authors, Perry Rhodan is issued in weekly  in the traditional German Heftchen (pulp booklet) format.  The series was created in 1961 by K. H. Scheer and Clark Darlton.  Initially, it should have thirty volumes, but it became an long lasting success and passed 3100 installments in January 2021.

Story
Story

Perry Rhodan is one of four fictional astronauts of the USA. In 1971, they fly to the moon, where they meet an extraterrestrial space-ship. From its owners they get technology, which they use to end the cold war and to unite the people of the Earth. Then "Terra", the Earth, becomes a power in intergalactical politics.

Other websites 
 Perry Rhodan Official Homepage (German)
 Perrypedia German Wiki-project about Perry Rhodan's Universe
 Cedric Beust's Issue Summaries (1-2500)  (English)
 Series summary (1-1799) (English)
 Mission Stardust (aka …4…3…2…1…morte) at the Internet Movie Database
 VPM's English-language Perry Rhodan site
 Technology of the Perry Rhodan Universe
 Official French Homepage
 French Fan Homepage 

Science fiction books
Series of books
Wieluń is a city in the central part of Poland in Łódź Voivodeship. Around 27,000 people live here. The city was started in 1283.

Twin towns 
Wieluń is twinned with:
  Adelebsen, Germany
  Osterburg, Germany
  Ochtrup, Germany
  Letterkenny, Ireland

Other websites 
Official city webpage

Cities in Łódź Voivodeship
Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian for "National Gathering" or "National Unity") was a fascist party in Norway, active in the period 1933–1945. The party was founded by Vidkun Quisling and a group of sympathisers. The party's paramilitary wing was called Hirden (the Hird).

Political parties in Norway
1940s in Norway
1933 establishments in Europe
1945 disestablishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Norway
World War II
is a manga and anime series created by Eiichiro Oda. 

It is the story of the Strawhat Pirates, led by captain Monkey D. Luffy, on their adventures in Grand Line. The main theme is Monkey D. Luffy's dream to find the One Piece, a grand treasure that the King of the Pirates, Gold Roger left behind. One Piece seems to take place in a world with one continent, many different islands, and a vast and large sea filled with monsters, pirates and treasure. One Piece is serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump. The most successful One Piece movies are One Piece Film: Red,One Piece Film: Z and One Piece: Stampede.

Characters

Monkey D. Luffy
Monkey D. Luffy is the main character of One Piece and is captain of the Strawhat Pirates. His other name is 'Straw Hat Luffy'. He ate a Devil Fruit called the "Gum-Gum No Mi" fruit when he was 7 years old, giving him the power to stretch like rubber. His Strawhat was given by Shanks. His older brother is Ace.
Roronoa Zoro 
Zoro was a former pirate hunter but turned into a pirate when he joined Luffy. His another name is 'Pirate Hunter Zoro'. When he was little he was the greatest warrior in his dojo, next to Kuina, the teacher's daughter, who was frustrated that girls were not able to become great swordsmen. Zoro points out that it does not matter if you are a boy or girl. They then make a promise to one another that one of them will be the greatest swordsman, or swordwoman, of all time. The very next day Kuina dies after falling down some stairs. Zoro then takes her sword so he can fulfill their dream.

Sanji 
Sanji is an amazing cook, with very good culinary skills. He is also a martial artist (who uses his feet only) that falls in love with almost every girl he sees. His other name is 'Black Leg Sanji'. His dream is to find 'The All Blue', and as a cook he values his hands greatly. Because of a period of starvation in his early life (while in the company of owner of the Baratie, “Red Legged”
Zeff), Sanji will always feed someone who is hungry. He is 21 years old. He is a smoker.

Nami 
Nami was a thief who stole from pirates. She is a navigator of the Strawhat Pirates now. Her other name is 'Cat Burglar Nami'. She is 20 years old. Her sister is Nojiko. She is from Cocoyashi. She likes oranges, and respected her late foster mother, Bellemere.

Usopp 
Usopp is a great sniper but a coward who lies often. His epithet is 'God Usopp', and he has an alter-ego going by the name Sogeking (meaning sniper king) His weapon is a slingshot, and he has excellent aim. Luffy officially made him the crew's sniper after he had perfect aim on his first try at shooting a cannon, destroying an island in one blow (which also happened to be the island where Yosaku and Johnny were resting). His father is Yasopp, a sniper on the crew of the Red-Haired Pirates.
Tony Tony Chopper 
Chopper is a blue-nosed reindeer who ate a devil fruit which gave him the ability to become partly human. His epithet is 'Cotton Candy Lover Chopper'. He is the doctor of the Straw Hats crew, and has a habit of "hiding behind objects" in a way where he is completely visible.

Nico Robin 
Robin, formerly member of the crime organization Baroque Works, joins the crew after being saved by Luffy. Her epithet  is "Devil Child". She ate a Devil Fruit that lets her create replications of her body parts on any surface she wants, including living organisms.

Franky (Cutty Flam)
Franky is a cyborg and a ship craftsman. His epithet is 'Cyborg Franky'. His body runs on Cola, although using other drinks results in a shift in personality, such as when he was given tea and began speaking in a much more sophisticated manner. Franky's usual attire consists of swimming pants and what seems to be an open button-up shirt, wearing it even in freezing conditions. His catchphrase is "SUPER!"

Stories
East Blue Saga
Once upon a time, "The King of Pirates", Gol. D. Roger attained all things the world had to offer. As he was being executed by the marines, he gave a speech regarding his treasure, which he left on an island in the Grand Line, the treasure titled the "One Piece". Many pirates wish to claim the 'One Piece'. This has caused what is called "The Great Pirate Era". Then, a boy living in Foosha Village, Monkey. D. Luffy, made friends with "Red-Haired" Shanks. Shanks is a powerful pirate, given the title of Yonkou (Four Emperors, consisting of four of the strongest pirates) staying in the town. During his stay, the town was attacked by pirates, which were defeated quickly after. One day, Luffy ate a Devil Fruit called the "Gomu-Gomu no Mi" (Gum Gum/Rubber Rubber fruit), giving him the ability to stretch like rubber, in exchange for taking away his ability to swim. At one point, Luffy made bandits angry, so they threw him into the sea
. Luffy was nearly eaten by a Sea King, a sea monster similar to a Sea Serpent, but Shanks helped him, losing his arm in the process. When Shanks left Foosha Village, he gave Luffy his straw hat. In exchange, Luffy had promised Shanks to become the King of the Pirates and deliver him his straw hat.
East Blue Saga 
After 10 years, Luffy is 17 years old and he had trained a large amount. He leaves his town, Foosha Village to begin his journey to become the king of pirates. But soon, he met with a disaster, then he met Koby. Koby's dream is to be a marine, but unfortunately he is forced to stay on Alvida's crew. Alvida is a pirate. Koby is unable to defeat or escape Alvida. However, after learning of the situation, Luffy defeats Alvida and helps Koby, and sails to Shells Town with him.

In Shell's Town, Luffy meets Roronoa Zoro, legendary pirate hunter, who is tied to a post.

Movies
ONE PIECE THE MOVIE episode of Chopper + Huyu ni saku, Kiseki no Sakura was released in 2008.
ONE PIECE FILM STRONG WORLD was released in 2010.
ONE PIECE FILM Z was released in 2012.
One Piece Gold was realised in 2016.
One Piece Stamped which released in 2019. 
And One Piece Red which should release in 2022

References

Other websites 
 Watch One Piece Episodes
 One Piece Episodes 
 One Piece Fanbase 

Anime
For the Wikipedia style guide, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style.
A style guide (also known as style manual) is a set of rules for language usage and design of documents (records). Some style guides are about things related to graphic design, such as arranging words and white space on a page. Website style guides often help with visual or technical things. Literary style guides help with choosing the best words, common errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling; and help for how to express ideas in a precise, fair and forceful way.

Some modern style guides are for use by all people. These are usually more about language than about how it should look.

Style guides do not stop a writer from using his own unique style, but some writers believe style guides are too restrictive.

Like language itself, many style guides change as time passes. For example, the Associated Press stylebook is updated every year.

Style guides
Graphics
The Retiro Park is the best known park in Madrid.  It was planned in 1632 as palace gardens by King Felipe IV.  'Retiro' means retreat or a place to rest.

When it was first built, it was a little way from the city.  Now, the city has become so big that it is in the city center.  It was opened to the public in 1868.

Places in the park include a famous rose garden, a museum, a boating lake and the Crystal Palace. Many shows and street theaters can be seen at the park on weekends.

Madrid
Parks in Europe
1868 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Spain
The Palacio de Cristal or Crystal Palace is a large glass building in Madrid, Spain. It is located in the Retiro Park on the Paseo Duque de Fernán Nuñez.  The palace was built in 1887 to keep exotic plants from the Philippines.  It is made of glass and steel. Later in 1924 plastic and rubber were added to it. 

Buildings and structures in Madrid
1887 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Spain
The Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas is a building in Madrid, Spain used mainly for bullfighting. Sometimes it is just called Las Ventas.  It is made of red brick and ceramic tiles.  It was built in 1929 by José Espelious and Muñoz Monasterio.  The first bullfight was June 17, 1931. It is also used for concerts.

Most fights start at 7 p.m. when the sun is not too hot.  Tickets are sold for 'sol' or 'sombra'.  The 'sombra' tickets for seats not in the sunlight cost more.

Sports buildings
Buildings and structures in Madrid
1929 establishments in Spain
The yellow spot or macula is an oval yellow spot near the centre of the retina of the human eye. It has a size of 1.5 millimeters.

It is specialized for seeing things with highest clearness or visual acuity.

It is the area of best vision where maximum amount of cone cells are present.It is also known as fovea centralis and Macula Lutea.
Most of the sensory cells are present at this spot. It is another name for the macula. It is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea and perifovea areas. It has a diameter of 5.5mm in humans. They contain the pigment Iodopsin and respond to bright light and colour, because of which we can see stuff clearly around us. It lies at the back of the eye almost center of the horizontal axis of the eyeball.
It is responsible for the central, high-resolution, colour vision that is possible in good light; and this kind of vision is impaired if it is damaged. It is about 6mm in diameter. The yellow spot is the most sensitive spot on the retina, the sharpest image of the object forms only here.

Eye anatomy

 It is the place where light is absorbed maximum
It is also called Macula lutea
It is the depression of retina
It is the place where large image is formed
The retina is the thin neural tissue that contains light sensitive neurons called photoreceptors (rods and cones) that interact with secondary and tertiary neurons inside the eyeball in humans and in many animals. Its  role is to sense the light which gets into the eye and send information about it to the brain.

Most information about light images that leaves the retina travels through the optic nerve, and is used by the brain to create visual sensations.  Information about light which travels through the retino-hypothamalic tract is for adjusting circadian rhythms to the 24-hour day. 

The center of the human retina, called the fovea centralis, or just fovea, has the most [cone cells] for sensing bright colors and fine detail of a viewed object. Even though the fovea takes up only 1.5 square millimeters, it plays the most important role in vision.  It is only around 1% of the human retina, but the fovea sends about as much information to the visual cortex as the rest of the retina combined. 

Eye anatomy
The Exploited is a Scottish punk metal band. The band was formed in 1979 in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Current lineup
 Wattie Buchan - Vocals
 Irish Rob - Bass
 Willie Buchan - Drums
 Matt McGuire - Guitar

Discography

Studio albums
Punks Not Dead - 1981
Troops of Tomorrow - 1982
Let's Start a War (Said Maggie One Day) - 1983
Horror Epics - 1985
Death Before Dishonour - 1987
The Massacre - 1990
Beat the Bastards - 1996
Fuck the System - 2003

Singles
"Army Life" - 1980  (EP)
"Exploited Barmy Army" - 1980 (EP)
"Dogs of War" - 1981
"Dead Cities" - 1981 (EP)
"Attack/Alternative" - 1982
"Computers Don't Blunder" - 1982
"Troops of Tomorrow" - 1982
"Rival Leaders" - 1983 (EP)

Split albums
Don't Let 'Em Grind You Down (W/Anti-Pasti) - 1981
Britannia Waives The Rules (W/Chron Gen & Infa Riot) - 1982
Apocalypse Punk Tour 1981 (W/The Anti-Nowhere League, Chron Gen, Anti Pasti & Discharge) - 1992
Live albums
On Stage - 1981
Apocalypse Tour (Limited Edition) - 1981
Live At The Whitehouse - 1985
Live And Loud - 1987
Live Lewd Lust - 1989
Don't Forget The Chaos - 1992
Live In Japan - 1994
Live at the White House-1996
25 Years of Anarchy and Chaos-2005

EPs
Jesus Is Dead - 1986 (12")
War Now - 1988 (12")

Videography
Live At The Palm Cove - 1983
Sexual Favours - 1987
The Exploited: 83-87 (1993)
Live In Japan - 1993
Alive At Leeds - 1995
Rock and Roll Outlaws - 1995
Buenos Aires 93 (1996)
Beat 'Em All - 2004

Best of collections
Totally Exploited - 1984
Castle Masters Collection - 1990
Apocalypse '77 - 1992
Singles Collection - 1993
Dead Cities - 2000
Punk Singles & Rarities 1980-83 (2001)
The Best Of The Exploited - Twenty Five Years Of Anarchy And Chaos (2004)
Complete Punk Singles Collection - 2005

Compilation albums
"Oi! - The Album" - 1980
"Lords Of Oi!" - 1997

References

Scottish rock bands
British punk bands
4Kids Entertainment (commonly known as 4Kids) was an American movie and television production company. They specialized in the creation and distribution of children's entertainment around the world. The company is most well known for the large number of Anime and animated television series it has provided to television stations. These series included Yu-Gi-Oh! and Sonic the Hedgehog. 4Kids Entertainment dubbed Pokémon until 2006. The company was first created in 1970 as Leisure Concepts, Inc.

4Kids Entertainment has provided a number of series for the Fox television network. These series have been shown on the network using the name 4Kids TV.

4Kids Entertainment filed for bankruptcy twice. They first filed for bankruptcy in 2011, and again in 2016.

History

In 1970, the company was originally called Leisure Concepts, Inc. It was created by Mike Germakian and Stan Weston.

List of shows
List of shows

Criticism
4Kids Entertainment gets most of its Anime series from Japan. Before showing the series in the United States and United Kingdom, the series are edited. This editing includes changing the words from Japanese to English. It may also include changing other things which could be thought to be bad. For example, cigarette smoking is often removed before being shown in the United States. Changing the names of items from Japanese items to American items is also often done. This is done so the person watching can understand the show more easily. 

Many times the story of an episode is changed completely to make it better for children. Some people believe all the changes to the Anime is a bad thing. They say that the series should be shown exactly the same as it was originally created. They feel 4Kids made "Americanized kiddy version" of the original series and that it is not right to do this.

Other websites 
 4Kids Corporate 
 4Kids Home Video 
 Defunct website

References
References

1970 establishments in the United States
Companies based in New York City
American entertainment companies
Cubism was one of the most significant art movements of the 20th century. It began in France about 1907, and flourished from 1910 through the 1920s. It was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.

Pablo Picasso's 1907 painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was an early Cubist work. Georges Braque's 1908 Houses at L’Estaque (and related works) prompted the critic Louis Vauxcelles to refer to "bizarreries cubiques" (cubic oddities).

The first organized group exhibition by Cubists took place at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris in the spring of 1911. It included works by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier, but no works by Picasso and Braque were exhibited.
Its methods 
Cubism is a style of art which aims to show all of the possible viewpoints of a person or an object all at once. It is called Cubism because the items represented in the artworks look like they are made out of cubes and other geometrical shapes. Cubism was first started by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Analytical Cubism is the first type of cubism. Most analytical Cubists painted and drew in monochrome (only one colour) so that the person who was looking at the painting did not pay attention to colour, but only to the shapes and the forms that were being shown.
This was changed in 1912 when Picasso first started painting with colours and using collages. Collage is when you glue together different cut-up pieces of paper to make an artwork. This new form of Cubism was called Synthetic Cubism. Picasso invented collage because he was tired of the way he was making his art, and wanted to try out something new.
Pablo Picasso created over 20,000 pictures. From 1912 to 1919 was Picasso's Synthetic Cubism Period.

References
Types of Cubism

There were two main types of Cubism:

 Analytical Cubism - The first stage of the Cubism movement was called Analytical Cubism. In this style, artists would study (or analyze) the subject and break it up into different blocks. They would look at the blocks from different angles. Then they would reconstruct the subject, painting the blocks from various viewpoints.
Synthetic Cubism - The second stage of Cubism introduced the idea of adding in other materials in a collage. Artists would use colored paper, newspapers, and other materials to represent the different blocks of the subject. This stage also introduced brighter colors and a lighter mood to the art.

Art movements