Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
South Hampton Roads is a region of the U.S. state of Virginia. It in the most southeastern part of the state. The area is part of the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area). About 1.7 million people live there. 

Hampton Roads is the common name for the metropolitan area around the body of water of the same name. The land area of Hampton Roads is divided into two regions. These are South Hampton Roads on the south side and the Virginia Peninsula on the north side. People who live there commonly call South Hampton Roads "the Southside". 

As of the 2010 Census, the Hampton Roads MSA is the fifth largest metropolitan area by size in the southeastern United States. It is the second-largest between Washington, D.C. and Atlanta, Georgia.
The decision to call the region "Hampton Roads" was a political one. The area was called "Tidewater" for many years by the people who lived there. The local baseball team was called the Tidewater Tides for years. It is now called the Norfolk Tides. When they first came to Tidewater, they used the popular name to draw more fans.

U.S. military installations

South Hampton Roads is home to many United States military bases.

City of Portsmouth
Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth are in Portsmouth. They are two very important and historic bases. The shipyard was created as the Gosport Shipyard on November 1, 1767. It had the county's first dry dock. The name was changed after the American Civil War. Although it is in Portsmouth, the name Norfolk was chosen because there was another U.S. Navy shipyard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire.  There are also many smaller bases in Portsmouth.
City of Norfolk
Norfolk is the home of Naval Station Norfolk. It is the main base for United States Navy's Atlantic Fleet. The base was created in 1917. It is the largest naval facility in the world.

City of Virginia Beach
Virginia Beach is home to the Navy's Naval Air Station Oceana (NAS Oceana) and Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek (NAB Little Creek). NAS Oceana is the largest employer in Virginia Beach. Both bases there, like the Norfolk Navy Base, are said to be the largest of their kinds in the world. Also in Virginia Beach is NAVSEA Dam Neck and the home of Joint Expeditionary Base East

City of Chesapeake
St. Julien's Creek Annex is a  U.S. Navy base in Chesapeake. It is on the Elizabeth River. It began in 1849.  It is currently part of the Norfolk Navy Base. Chesapeake is also home to U.S. Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Fentress. It is used to help support training for NAS Oceana.
Local government
From Colonial times through the first 150 years of the United States, South Hampton Roads was almost always changing. Local governments changed mainly because of growth in population. Counties were divided and towns were created as the population grew. Some towns grew to become cities. in 1871, changes were made to the state constitution. One of these changes made all cities in Virginia independent cities of the counties they had been a part of.  

In the second half of the 20th century, many city-county-town local government joined together in South Hampton Roads and on the Virginia Peninsula. Many small towns and cities joined together to create a small number of larger cities. Nowhere else in Virginia have rural areas and more dense cities been combined in this way. The changes caused the area to have Virginia's cities with the largest land areas and the most farming.
Current cities, counties and towns
The South Hampton Roads region has five independent cities, two counties, and five incorporated towns.

Independent cities
Chesapeake (formerly Norfolk County)
Norfolk
Portsmouth
Suffolk
Virginia Beach (formerly Princess Anne County)

Counties
Surry County
Isle of Wight County

Incorporated towns
Surry County
Town of Claremont
Town of Dendron
Town of Surry (also county seat)

Isle of Wight County
Town of Smithfield
Town of Windsor

Former subdivisions
Other settlements in South Hampton Roads no longer exist. No less than 2 shires, 6 counties, 1 town, and 2 entire cities no longer exist in the South Hampton Roads area.
The following is a listing of these 11 extinct shire, counties, towns, and cities, with the approximate dates they existed: 
Elizabeth River Shire (1634–1636)
Warrosquyoake Shire (1634–1637)
New Norfolk County (1636–1637)
Upper Norfolk County (1637–1646)
Lower Norfolk County (1637–1691)
Nansemond County (1646-1972)
Norfolk County (1691–1963)
Princess Anne County (1691–1963)
Town of Berkley (unknown-1906)
South Norfolk (1919–1963)
City of Nansemond (1972–1974)

Geography of Virginia
Isa or ISA may refer to:

Places
 Isa, Amur Oblast, Russia
 Isa, Kagoshima, Japan
 Isa, Nigeria
 Isa District, Kagoshima, former district in Japan
 Isa Town, middle class town located in Bahrain
 Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
 Isa (river), a river in Belarus

People
 Isa (name), an Arabic name corresponding to Jesus in English
 Īsā, the name of Jesus in Islam
 Isa Tengblad (born 1998), Swedish singer using the mononym Isa
Isa, real name is Lee Chae-young, singer, member of STAYC

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional entities
 ISA (Days of Our Lives), spy agency in TV series
 Isa the iguana, in TV series Dora the Explorer
Interplanetary Strategic Alliance (ISA), military alliance in videogame saga Killzone

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
 Isa (album), a 2004 album by Enslaved
 Isa (comics), of graphic novel series Les Passagers du vent
 Isa (movie), a 2014 television movie
 Isa, a dance in music of the Canary Islands
Computing
 Industry Standard Architecture, a PC computer bus standard
 Instruction set architecture, the specification for data types, registers, instructions, etc. for a given computer hardware architecture
 Is-a, a relationship between abstractions in programming
 Internet Security and Acceleration, a network router, firewall, antivirus program, VPN server and web cache from Microsoft Corporation
Education
 Indian Squash Academy, Chennai, India
 Independent Schools Association (Australia), mainly for sports
 Independent Schools Association (UK)
 Iniciativa de Salud de las Americas, Spanish name for Health Initiative of the Americas
 Institute for the Study of the Americas, University of London, England
 Instituto Superior de Agronomia, an agronomy faculty in Lisbon, Portugal
 Instituto Superior de Arte, an art school in Havana, Cuba
 International School Amsterdam, the Netherlands
 International School Augsburg
 International School of Aleppo, Syria
 International School of Athens, Greece
 International School of the Americas, San Antonio, Texas
 International Studies Association
 Islamic Saudi Academy

Finance
 Income share agreement, US, a borrowing agreement sometimes used for tuition loans
 Individual savings account, UK
 International Standards on Auditing
 Israel Securities Authority
Government
 Independent Safeguarding Authority, former UK child protection agency
 Intelligence Services Act 1994, UK
 Intelligence Support Activity, of the US Army
 Internal Security Agency, secret service and counter-espionage agency in Poland
 International Seabed Authority, for mineral-related activities
 International Searching Authority, for patents
 International Solar Alliance
 Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations, EU
 Invention Secrecy Act
 Iranian Space Agency
 Israel Security Agency or Shin Bet, Israel
 Israel Space Agency
 Israel State Archives, the national archive of Israel
 Italian Space Agency
Organizations and brands
 Industry Super Australia, the peak body for Industry superannuation funds in Australia
 Information Systems Associates FZE, an aviation software house
 Innovative Software Applications, a company taken over by Sorcim in 1982
 International Seabed Authority
 International Socialist Alternative, an international association of Trotskyist political parties.
 International Society of Arboriculture, a non-profit botanical organization
 International Society of Automation, a non-profit professional organization for engineers, technicians, and students
 International Sociological Association
 International Soling Association
 International Surfing Association, the world governing authority for the sport of surfing
 Irish Sailing Association, the governing body for sailing in Ireland
 International Slackline Association
Science
 Isosaccharinic acid, a six-carbon sugar acid
 Intrinsic sympatheticomimetic activity, a term used with beta blockers that are partial agonists
 Infectious salmon anemia, a viral disease of salmon
 International Standard Atmosphere, an atmospheric model of the Earth

Other uses
 Intelligent speed adaptation, systems to automatically enforce vehicle speed limits
 International Symbol of Access, blue and white wheelchair symbol
 ISA Brown, type of chicken
 Ideological state apparatus, a theory by Louis Althusser
Gene therapy means putting in a working gene to a person who has a damaged gene. The European Commission has approved this method for one particular treatment. The treatment by the product Glybera uses a virus to infect muscle cells with a working copy of the gene. The European Commission has given Glybera marketing authorisation, which means it can be sold throughout the EU.

One in a million people have damaged copies of the lipase gene needed to break down fats. Fat builds up in their blood; this leads to pain and  inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). It is life-threatening. Up to now, the only way to manage the condition is to have a very low-fat diet.

When used in this way, a virus is a vector. That means it is a carrier; the gene has been inserted into the viral genome, and the virus sticks it into the human cells. The technique is called transfection. This technique is different from the gene knockout technique, which does not use a viral vector.
China 
China was the first country to approve the commercial production of a gene therapy, in 2003. That gene therapy is for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)—a cancer that occurs in 10% of new cancers in China. There are  2.5 million new cancer patients every year in China.

Sold under the brand name Gendicine, the world's first commercial gene therapy also uses a virus to insert the gene into the human genome.

Past 
The possibility of gene therapy was talked about as soon as the roles of DNA and RNA were known about. The first specific publication was in 1972.

Future 
Many more types of gene therapy are in the trial stage. It is clear that a cycle of events will be part of future clinical medicine: DNA sequence analysis > identify defective genes > fix genes with gene therapy or gene knockout. There are sometimes problems of side-effects; these may be discovered at the trial stage. There is now a database which lists all known clinical trials.

References 

Genetic engineering
Ruby is a member of the Pitjantjatjara nation. She was born about 1940, at a sacred site near Kata Ala, Western Australia. She grew up with her family in the bushland along the western side of the border with South Australia. Her family spent most of their time travelling between her father's homeland near Pukara and her mother's around Mantamaru. When Ruby was a teenager, they followed other Pitjantjatjara families to settle at Ernabella, far to the east. Ruby grew up and went to school at the mission there until she got married.

Ruby's husband was a stockman whose family came from what is now Amaṯa, west of Ernabella. After they got married, they moved north to Areyonga, where he worked on the cattle station. They later moved back to his homeland, where he got a job on the Musgrave Park station. They had five children together, before her husband died in his early 40s.
In 1999, the senior women of Amaṯa, including Ruby, founded Minymaku Arts (it is now called Tjala Arts). Ruby began working there herself in 2000. Her first solo exhibitions were in Hobart in 2003 and 2005, and then in Melbourne in 2008. Her artwork has been shown alongside works by other Tjala artists in every major city in Australia. She has also had her work shown in group exhibitions in Singapore and the United States. Her work is held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Queensland Art Gallery, the National Gallery of Australia, and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory.

References

More reading

1940 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Artists from South Australia
Artists from Western Australia
Military science (also military studies) is the science on war, army and military operations.

Overview 
The general purpose of the military science is to make clear how to win war. The historical root of the military science is the book that was written by Carl von Clausewitz who was a soldier in the Prussian army in the 19th century. In this book, Clausewitz made a discovery that war is an instrument for political act not only a violent action. Clausewitz suggested the relation between policy and war, and made it easy to define the being of the war as the means to enforce our will to the others with physical forces. This realistic view of the war that the political power controls military operations is meeting to the military science. The problem for military scientists is to study how to operate military actions.
Military science has some branches below.
Security study: seeing the national and international security policy that control military power.
Strategic study: seeing how to use military power.
Tactics: seeing how to win using military power. 
Logistics: seeing how to make military power.
Military history: seeing the history of war and military operations.
Military intelligence: information about an enemy.
Military geography: seeing how geography affects war.
In military science today, there are branches of each kind of military force; the army fights on land, the navy fights in the sea, and the air force fights in the air.
History 
In the ancient era, military science started from records on the art of war rather than the science of war. Herodotus and Thucydides wrote the history of the Persian war and Peloponnesian wars. About the same time, Sun Tzu, a strategist in ancient China, wrote The Art of War. This book showed that war is a serious way for the life and death of nations and surprise is important in the art of war. After the age of the Roman empire, Flavius Vegetius Renatus wrote Roman military theory in his book called On Military Affairs.  Vegetius noted Roman military power was based on discipline, which makes military organizations organized. The Roman way of war that Vegetius recorded had historical influences on military minds of people on Europe for a long time.
In this period, military theory made great progress. Antoine Henri Jomini, who served under Napoleon, wrote Napoleonic art of war as military theory in his Summary of the Art of War. Jomini said there are few rules in the science of war. Jomini's theory gave reasons on how Napoleon won his wars by keeping the universal rule of war. Clausewitz, who served under Prussia fighting against Napoleon in war, also explained the nature of war through scientific studies on the Napoleonic wars. In his book On War, Clausewtiz said the nature of war has laws that policy controls military operations in war. He also wrote that the mathematical model called law of number can be used to understand and how many results happen in a fight. In the debate of whether attack or defense was the stronger military action, Clausewitz supported defense because defending forces are able to use positions in a battle.
Napoleonic military theory changed military minds in the Western world in the late 19th century. Dennis Hart Mahan, who was in the United States army, was developed Napoleonic military art in his Elementary Treatise on Advanced Guard, Outposts, and Detachment Service of Troops and taught it in military school. Alfred Thayer Mahan, his son, wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783 and became a naval strategist based on the military theory of Jomini and Clausewitz. In the Prussian army, Helmunth von Moltke lead studies of military theory, and made ideas of "Auftragstaktik" (mission tactics). By Moltke's study, Prussia got theories on how to move forces faster in the field and showed evidence of this theory through victory in the Franco-Prussian War. Alfred von Schlieffen, Prussian general and military theorist, made the plan of a two-front war against France and Russia, using fast strategic movement. In France, Charles J. J. J
. J. J. Ardant du Picq developed military theory in his Battle Studies from the point of mental part of war. Ardnt du Picq thought military action is related to mental situations of military force.
The end of the World War II in 1945 was the beginning of the Cold War between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It was necessary for military scientists to consider how to control nuclear weapons that superpowers developed in World War II. The nuclear weapons changed the strategic condition of the possible war. Military theorists had to consider how to avoid nuclear war and how to deal with nuclear strategy. Bernard Brodie, a military scientist in the United States, suggested to change the purpose of the military forces to deterrence from victory in his book The Absolute Weapons. The idea of deterrence is to control enemy nuclear attack by letting the enemy know his risk of nuclear counterattack. Military science is no longer for military operations, but for the whole of the national security policy. Basil Henry Liddell-Hart, British military strategist, also said the old idea of strategy is narrow to use in nuclear age
. His discovery was the idea of strategy can be used in matters of national security. This kind of strategy called grand strategy, or national security strategy spread for military theorists today.
References 
Brodie, B. 1959. Strategy in the Missile Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Clausewitz, C. von. 1984. On War. M. Howard and P. Paret, trans. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 
Dupuy, T. N. 1992. Understanding War: History and Theory of Combat. London: Leo Cooper.
Freedman, R. D. 1994. War. London: Oxford University Press.
Jomini, A.-H. 1992. The Art of War. G. H. Mendell and W. P. Lieut, trans. London: Greenhill Books.
Liddell Hart, B. 1954. Strategy: The Indirect Approach, 3rd edn. London: Faber and Faber.
Paret, P. 1986. Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Phillips, T. R. ed. 1940. Roots of Strategy. Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service.

Military
Brian Pimental (born in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American veteran animator, storyboard artist, movie director and screenwriter. He's best known for directing the 2006 classic Bambi II.

Brian started his career at Walt Disney Animation Studios as a trainee in Oliver & Company.  He became a story artist in Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin. Then, he became one of the screenwriters for A Goofy Movie.  He got his first ASIFA award nomination. His second nomination was for Tarzan.

Pimental first time directing was on Bambi II.  He won the ASIFA award for best non-theatrical movie. In the movie, he also made the voices for the Groundhog and Porcupine. Bambi II received mixed to positive reviews.  It has a rating of 60% in Rotten Tomatoes and an overall rating of 6.5 out of 10 in IMDb.

Brian was born in Massachusetts.  He earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree at the California Institute of the Arts.

References

Other websites

American animators
Living people
1960 births
People from Massachusetts
Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland. Pituitary tumors are generally divided into three kinds dependant upon their biological functioning: benign adenoma, invasive adenoma or carcinomas, with carcinomas accounting for 0.1% to 0.2%, appoximately 35% being invasive adenomas and most being benign adenomas. Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of all brain tumors and is thought to happen in about 17% to 25% of most people.

Non-invasive and non-secreting pituitary adenomas are considered to be benign [harmless]; but a recent large study (Fernández-Balsells, et al. 2011) has shown there are few studies to prove if this is true or not.

Adenomas that are bigger than  are called macroadenomas, and those smaller than 10 mm are called microadenomas. Most pituitary adenomas are microadenomas. Most pituitary microadenomas often remain undiagnosed and those that are diagnosed are often found as an incidental finding [which means found by chance], and are called incidentalomas.
Invasive adenomas may invade the dura mater, cranial bone, or sphenoid bone. It used to be thought that clinically active pituitary adenomas were rare but recent studies have suggested that they may affect about one in 1000 of the general population.

References

Neuroendocrinology
Skull bossing is when the bones of the skull become bigger than normal which most often occurs in the frontal bones beneath the forehead. Skull bossing may happen from different medical conditions.

Frontal bossing
Frontal bossing is when the forehead becomes bigger than normal which may also make the brow ridge stick out more. It happens when the frontal bone becomes bigger because of a medical condition. This often happens when other facial bones of the skull become bigger too, as well as the jaw bone and the bones in the hands and feet. Frontal bossing is usually seen in a few rare medical syndromes such as acromegaly - a chronic medical disorder in which the anterior pituitary  gland makes to much growth hormone (GH).

Turricephaly

Turricephaly often called "tower skull", may be caused by different medical conditions. In some cases such as Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes, it is caused when sutures in the skull close before they are supposed to.
Turricephaly is also one of the most common problems which affect the bones of the face and skull in those with Sickle-cell disease.

Medical disorders that may cause skull bossing

Acromegaly
Basal cell nevus syndrome
Congenital syphilis
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Crouzon syndrome
Hurler syndrome
Pfeiffer syndrome
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Russell-Silver syndrome (Russell-Silver dwarf)
Sickle-cell disease
Trimethadione (antiseizure drug) use during pregnancy
Beta-thalassemia (due to expansion of bone marrow secondary to increased hematopoiesis)

References

Diseases and disorders of bones
Head (body part)
Suicide crisis lines are telephone numbers that a person can call if they feel like killing or hurting themselves.

There have been studies in the United States and Australia which show that suicide crisis lines may help people who feel like killing or hurting themselves and may make them feel better.

One of the first of these "hotlines" was the Samaritans, created in 1953 by Chad Varah in the United Kingdom, who managed the church in London which at that time was called St. Steven's Church. He believed there should be a place where people can listen to visitors and callers who thought about killing themselves, and help them feel better. He had this idea after giving a speech to help comfort the family and friends of a 13-year-old girl. Before her death, the girl was extremely worried and had nobody to talk to.

Crisis line organizations by country

References

List of suicide crisis lines
Telephone numbers
Lists
The Trevor Project is an American nonprofit group started in 1998.  It offers help to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) young people who may be thinking of killing or hurting themselves. They have a telephone number which is free to call for help and someone to talk to.

References

LGBT in the United States
Non-profit organizations of the United States
Suicide
West Hollywood, California
1998 establishments in California
The 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline is a network of help centers in the United States. It tries to stop people from hurting themselves or committing suicide, and help them through counselling. It is made up of 159 crisis centers in the United States. It has a 24-hour telephone number that is free to call for people who feel like killing themselves or have big problems that they need to talk about with someone. After dialing 9-8-8, the person calling is connected to their nearest crisis center to get immediate counseling and referrals to local mental health services. The Lifeline supports people who call for themselves or someone they care about.

References

Suicide

Medical and health organizations in the United States
Kids Help Phone (), is a Canadian service for children and young people. It provides counselling and information on the phone and the internet to children who may have problems that they need to talk about with someone. The telephone number is free to call or the person may leave a post on the Kids Help Phone website. 

As a charity Kids Help phone relies on the support of community-based volunteers and individual and corporate donors for financial support.

References

Childhood
Charities
Non-profit organizations of Canada
Organizations based in Toronto‎
John Soursby Glover, Jr. (born August 7, 1944) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his roles in RoboCop 2, Scrooged, Batman & Robin, Gremlins 2: The New Batch, and in his television role as Lionel Luther in Smallville. He won an Tony Award in 1995.

Glover was born in Kingston, New York on August 7, 1944. He was raised in Salisbury, Maryland. Glover studied at Wicomico High School and at Towson University. Glover is openly gay. He is partners with Adam Kurtzman since 1993.

References

Other websites
 John Glover official website
 
 

1944 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
LGBT actors
LGBT people from New York (state)
Gay men
Actors from New York (state)
Actors from Maryland
People from Salisbury, Maryland
People from Kingston, New York
Tony Award winning actors
The Jed Foundation is a non-profit organization working to reduce the rate of suicide and emotional distress among college students. It is the largest such effort in the United States. It works with the government program, Suicide Prevention Resource Center, to develop and spread suicide prevention strategies.

History
The Jed Foundation was founded in 2000 by Donna and Phil Satow. Their son Jed, a second year student at the University of Arizona, ended his life after struggling with college life. The organization works with the Suicide Prevention Resource Center, set up in 2002 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

References

Suicide
Non-profit organizations of the United States
The frontal bone or  os frontis is a bone in the front of the human skull. The biggest part of the frontal bone is under the forehead. The name comes from the Latin word frons (meaning "forehead"). It bone is made up of three joined parts.

The illustration below shows the browridges which protected the Neanderthal face.

References

Bones of the skull
Acromegaly is a medical condition that happens when the anterior (rear) pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone (GH), after a person has passed puberty. If this happens before puberty it causes a condition known as gigantism. A number of medical conditions may cause the pituitary gland to make too much growth hormone, but the most common cause is a tumor on the pituitary gland called a pituitary adenoma'

Acromegaly is most commonly diagnosed in middle aged adults, and can result in severe disfigurement, serious complicating conditions, and early death if not treated. Acromegaly is hard to diagnose when it is just beginning. It is usually not found  until 10–12 years after it starts. This is when it causes changes in the way a person looks, especially their face.
Signs and symptoms
Headaches
Vision problems
Hirsutism (in women): the growth of hair on the face.
Frontal bossing: the bone underneath the forehead becomes bigger than normal.
Prognathism: part of the face sticks out more than normal usually the lower jaw.
Fatigue: the person is often tired.
High blood pressure
Skin tags: Small wart-like growth on the skin which is not cancerous.
Hyperhidrosis: when a person sweats too much.
Bromhidrosis: Body odor
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of hands and feet
Cardiomyopathy
Colonic cancer

References

Growth disorders
Neuroendocrinology
Nathan Lane (born Joseph Lane, February 3, 1956) is an American actor and writer. He is known for voicing Timon in The Lion King (1994). He won three Tony Awards, an Screen Actors Guild Award, an Emmy Award, and an Drama Desk Award.

In television, he is known for his roles in Modern Family, The Good Wife and The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story.

Lane won three Tony Awards for his stage roles in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, The Producers and for Angels in America.

Lane was born on February 3, 1956 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He studied at St. Peter's Preparatory High School. He is openly gay. In 2015, Lane married Devlin Elliott.

Filmography

References

Other websites
1956 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Drama Desk Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Gay men
LGBT actors
American LGBT writers
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Singers from New Jersey
Tony Award winning actors
Writers from New Jersey
Tara Lyn Strong (born Tara Lyn CharenDoff born February 12, 1973) is a Canadian-American actress and voice actress. She is known for her role as Ben Tennyson from Ben 10, Twilight Sparkle from My Little Pony, Timmy Turner from The Fairly OddParents, Daizy from Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!, Switch from Baby Shark's Big Show!, Hima ShinYu from Lavender Castle Revolution, Princess Unikitty from Unikitty!, Tiny from Ashi Pets, Candy Needlemeyer from The Amazing World of Gumball, Princess Connie Pintincia from CyberAdult Girls, Anna Vokqushi from Wattu Academy, Princess Ruko Lutein from Atlantis Forest and Dil from Rugrats.

Early life 
Strong was born on February 12, 1973 in Toronto, Ontario. Her father, who is Protestant, is from Scotland. Her mother who is Jewish, is from Britain of Russian descent.

She is fluent in English, Hebrew, Russian, and Scottish.

Personal life 
She is married to Craig Strong since 2000. They have two sons: Sammy (born 2002) and Aden (born 2004).

References

Other websites
Other websites

Biography with signature
1973 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian singers
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Actors from Toronto
Actors from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Comedians from California
Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal, Jr. (born April 20, 1941) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles Paper Moon, Barry Lyndon, A Bridge Too Far, and in A Love Story.

O'Neal was born on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at the University High School. O'Neal was married to Joanna Cook Moore from 1963 until they divorced in 1967. Then he was married to Leigh Taylor-Young from 1967 until they divorced in 1973. He never married Farrah Fawcett. They lived together from 1979 until they split in 1997. They rekindled their relationship in 2001. Until her death from rare form of anal cancer in 2009. They had a son together Redman O’Neal. He has four children, including Tatum O'Neal. He now lives in Malibu, California.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1941 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
People from Malibu, California
Prognathism describes when part or all of the face sticks out more than normal. Humans have orthognathic faces. That means the faces is more or less vertical. Most other primates have prognathic faces: their jaws stick out in front of the top part of the head. 

Nasal prognathism: is when the portion of the face around and including the nose sticks out. Also called upper facial projection.

Alveolar prognathism:  is when the alveolar (dental) part of the upper jaw (maxilla) sticks out. Also called mid-facial projection. Often causes what is called an "overbite".

Mandibular prognathism: is when the mandible (lower jaw) sticks out. Often called an "underbite".

References

Bones
Face
Anthropology
Physical anthropology
A skin tag is a small growth on the skin that is usually benign (harmless). It may have a short narrow stalk which connects it to the skin. They are usually small but may grow up to a half-inch long.

Treatment
Skin tags are usually harmless and do not need treatment. A person may decide to have a skin tag removed if it is irritating them or they do not like the way it looks. If so the skin tag may be removed by:

Surgery: removed using a scalpel or surgical scissors. 

Cryotherapy: freezing it.
Cauterization: burning it off.

References

Skin problems
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition in which a person sweats too much. It is often caused by overactive sweat glands. People with hyperhidrosis may sweat even when it is cool and they are at rest. The sweat glands on any area of the human body can be affected by hyperhidrosis but it is usually happens more often in the sweat glands of the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet and the armpits.

References

Skin problems
Hemoglobin Lepore syndrome (Hb Lepore) is a kind of blood disorder that is caused by a genetic mutation. It was first found in an Italian-American family named Lepore. When a genetic mutation runs in families it is known as a trait.

The Hb Lepore trait is found worldwide and may affect people of various races, however the three main kinds of Hb Lepore, usually affects Caucasians of the Southern regions of Central and Eastern Europe.
There are three main kinds of Hb Lepore are named for the areas they were first found in, with various subtypes, the three main kinds are:
 Washington (Hb Lepore Washington, also known as Hb Lepore Boston or Hb Lepore Washington-Boston);  most common in Italians from Southern Italy
Baltimore (Hb Lepore Baltimore); first described in a family with African ancestry; most common in people from the Balkan countries, Albanians Croats, Serbs, Slovenes and Romanians. It has also been described in Turks and in regions of Spain and Portugal. A rare case of the Baltimore variety was discovered in an African American woman in the Bronx, New York and dubbed Hn Lepore-Bronx and another variety was discovered in the city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada and dubbed Hb E-Lepore Saskatoon
Hollandia (Hb Lepore Hollandia); identified in Papua New Guinea and Bangladesh.

References

Blood disorders
Genetic disorders
A silent stroke is a kind of stroke that does not cause symptoms that can be seen in a major stroke such as slurred speech. A person who has had a silent stroke usually does not know it. A silent stroke still causes damage to the brain, and places the person at increased risk for both transient ischemic attack and major stroke in the future.

These strokes are called "silent" because they typically happen in parts of the brain that do not cause problems that can be seen like those in a major stroke. A silent stroke usually happens in parts of the brain that control different thought processes, mood regulation and cognitive functions and is a leading cause of vascular cognitive impairment and may also lead to a loss of urinary bladder control.
In a big study in 1998, more than 11 million people were thought to have had a stroke in the United States. About 770,000 of these strokes had symptoms which could be seen and 11 million were first-ever silent strokes. Silent strokes usually cause lesions which are found by the use of neuroimaging such as MRI.

There is more of chance of older people having a silent stroke but it may also happen to younger adults. Women appear to be at higher risk for silent stroke, with hypertension and current cigarette smoking being some of the reasons.

These types of strokes include lacunar and other ischemic strokes and minor hemorrhages. They may also include leukoaraiosis (changes in the white matter of the brain): the white matter is more susceptible to vascular blockage because it has less blood vessels than the cerebral cortex.
In the Cardiovascular Health Study, a study used 3,660 adults over the age of 65, 31% showed evidence of silent stroke in neuroimaging studies using MRI. These people did not know they had a stroke. It is thought that silent strokes are five times more common than strokes that have symptoms.

A silent stroke is different than a transient ischemic attack (TIA). In TIA the symptoms can be seen and may last from a few minutes to 24 hours before getting better. If a person has a TIA there is a bigger chance they may have a major stroke and silent strokes in the future.
Kinds of silent stroke
Ischemic stroke: occurs when a blood vessel that brings blood to the brain becomes blocked. This type of stroke happens in 87 percent of all stroke cases.
Hemorrhagic stroke: occurs when a blood vessel that brings blood to the brain gets weak and splits open causing bleed to come out of the blood vessel. Usually hemorrhagic stroke is caused by two kinds of problems that cause weak blood vessels: aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Lacunar infarcts (LACI) are small (0.2 to 15 mm in diameter) noncortical (does not happen in the cerebral cortex) stroke caused by the blockage of a single penetrating branch of a larger blood vessel that brings blood to the inside parts of the brain including the  white matter. LACIs are usually happen in cases of white matter lesions (WML) which can be seen using computerized tomography (CT scans).

Related pages
 Transient ischemic attack (TIA) or "mini-stroke"

References

Stroke
Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (BPVC for short) is a medical problem that happens in children.  "Benign" means "harmless;" "paroxysmal" means something comes and goes suddenly; and "vertigo" means "dizziness."  So BPVC is harmless dizziness in children that comes and goes suddenly.

The dizziness usually makes children feel like they are moving or spinning, or that the inside of their head is moving or spinning.

Usually, BPVC starts in children between two and five years old.  It often goes away by the age of eight.  But in some children, BPVC may start when they are much younger (as young as a few months old) or older (as old as 12 years old). 

BPVC is the most common cause of dizziness in children who do not have hearing loss or a diagnosed ear disease.  It is a common problem that happens to about 2.6% of children (26 out of 1,000 children).
Causes
Doctors don't know for sure what causes BPVC.  Some doctors think it is related to problems of the inner ear that affect balance.  For example, some doctors think BPVC is similar to a different disorder which often happens in adults over 50.  This disorder is called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).  BPPV is a "vestibular disorder" - a disorder in the inner ear which affects balance. 

Other doctors believe BPVC is related to migraine headaches, but most children with BPVC do not get headaches.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms

[[Image:Optokinetic nystagmus.gif|left|thumb|Horizontal (side to side) optokinetic nystagmus. The eyes may also move up and down (vertical optokinetic nystagmus).]]
Nystagmus (sometimes called "dancing eyes"): Fast, uncontrollable eye movements. These eye movements may happen on their own or be caused by staring.  When a child with BPVC is not having other symptoms, they may have positional nystagmus, which happens when the head is in a certain position.
Nausea: Feeling like throwing up.
Vomiting: Throwing up.
Gait ataxia: Problems walking because a medical problem (like BPVC) makes the muscles not work together.  This symptom may be harder to see in infants who cannot walk yet.
Postural imbalance: Having trouble staying balanced, which makes it hard to stand up straight.  This symptom may be harder to see in infants who cannot stand yet.
Looking scared: Children may look scared because of the physical symptoms that BPVC is causing, like loss of balance and dizziness.
Diagnosis 
For a doctor to diagnose Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood, all of these things must be true:
 The child has had at least five attacks of vertigo.
 The child gets vertigo a lot; the dizziness happens all of a sudden, and goes away after a few minutes to a few hours.
 The child had a normal neurological examination (which tests whether there are problems with how the brain is working)
 The child had normal audiometric and vestibular functions between attacks (this means that between attacks, the child had normal hearing, and there were no obvious problems with the inner ears)
 The child had normal electroencephalography (EEG) (this is a test that looks for unusual electrical activity in the brain).
Differential diagnosesDifferential diagnoses'' are different medical disorders which may cause the same symptoms.  When a doctor asks what the differential diagnoses for BPVC are, she is asking "what other disease could cause these symptoms?  What else could this be?"  Before a doctor makes a final diagnosis, they must think of what other medical conditions have the same or similar symptoms, and make sure one of them is not the problem.
Some of the differential diagnoses for BPVC are:
 Posterior fossa tumor: A tumor in the part of the brain that is in or near the bottom of the skull. Posterior fossa tumors happen more in children than they do in adults.  About 54%-70% of all brain tumors that children get start in the posterior fossa.
 Cervical spine abnormalities: Problems with the part of the spine in the neck.
 Otological disorders: Problems with the insides of the ears.
 Benign occipital epilepsy: A kind of epilepsy that most children outgrow.
 Metabolic disorders: Problems with the way the body makes energy from food.

References

Migraine
Health problems
Children
Mangaka (漫画家?) is the Japanese word for a comic artist or cartoonist. Outside of Japan, manga usually means a Japanese comic book. Mangaka means the author of the manga, who is usually Japanese.

Some artists may study at an art college, manga school, or take on an apprenticeship with another mangaka.  They then enter the world of manga as a professional artist. However, there are some artists that just start in manga.  One way to do this is by applying to contests that magazines run. For example, Naoko Takeuchi, author of Sailor Moon, won such a contest sponsored by Kodansha.  Osamu Tezuka, creator of Astro Boy, began his career without being an assistant.

Manga
Menstrual migraine (also called catamenial migraine) is term used to describe both true menstrual migraines and menstrually related migraines. About 7%-14% of women have migraines only at the time of menstruation, these are called true menstrual migraines. Most female migraneurs experience migraine attacks throughout the menstruation cycle with an increased number perimenstrually, these are referred to as menstrually related or menstrually triggered migraine.

It used to believed that treatments for migraine would work in menstrual migraine but that has not proven to be the case because menstrual migraines are harder to treat. Because of this, menstrual migraines are now considered a separate medical disorder from migraine. In 2008, menstrual migraines were given ICD-9 codes (346.4-346.43) of their own which separate menstrual migraine from other types of migraine.
About 40% of women and 20% of men will get a migraine at sometime in their life; most of them will get their first migraine before they are 35-years-old. Menstrual-related migraines happen in more than 50 percent of women who have migraine headaches.

Menstrual migraine attacks usually last longer than other migraine attacks, [Pinkerman and Holroyd, 2010] and short-term treatments do not work as well with menstrual migraine as they do in other kinds of migraine. They are usually migraines without aura, but in 2012 a case of menstrual migraine with aura was reported, so it is possible. Auras are a kind of condition which affect certain parts of the brain, usually the parts that control vision but they can also affect the parts of the brain which control the other senses like touch, motor control (moving parts of the body) and the parts of the brain that control speech.

Symptoms

Warning symptoms
Warning symptoms

Warning symptoms also called prodrome symptoms often happen before a migraine attack.
 Sleepiness
 Fatigue
 Depression (feeling sad), euphoria (feeling very happy) or irritability
 Restlessness
 Excessive (too much) yawning
 Food cravings especially for sweet or salty foods or loss of appetite
 Increased thirst
 Diarrhea
 Nausea
 Bloating: the body retains (keeps) too much water
 Neck stiffness
 Talkativeness (talking too much)
 Feeling light-headed
 Uterine pain and cramping

Headache symptoms
A pounding throbbing headache with the pain being on one side of the head (unilateral). The side of the head that has the pain changes from one headache to the next.
Diagnosis
 
<table border="1"  align="right" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" width="40%"  bgcolor="#B0CCE5" colspan="3">
International Headache Society classification of pure menstrual migraine and menstrually related migraine
<td bgcolor="FBF4CE">
A1.1.1 Pure menstrual migraine without aura 
Symptoms of this kind of migraine: 
A. Attacks, in a menstruating woman, that have symptoms the same as ‘1.1 Migraine without aura'
B. Attacks occur only on Day 1 ± 2 (that means: Days +2 to –3) of menstruation in at least two out of three menstrual cycles and at no other times of the cycle.
C.A menstruation cycle is the amount of time between a woman's periods. The cycle starts from the start of one period and ends at the start of the next one. One cycle is usually is 28 days long.
Notes:
1. The first day of menstruation is Day 1 and the day before is Day –1; there is no Day 0.
2. To have Pure menstrual migraine, menstruation here means when normal bleeding happens in a normal menstruation cycle or when the woman stops taking hormones, like birth control pills.
A1.1.2 Menstrually-related migraine without aura
Symptoms of this kind of migraine: 
A. Attacks, in a menstruating woman, that have symptoms the same as ‘1.1 Migraine without aura’
B. Attacks occur on Day 1 ± 2 (that means: Days –2 to +3) of menstruation in at least two out of three menstrual cycles plus at other times of the cycle
Notes: 
1. The first day of menstruation is Day 1 and the day before is Day –1; there is no Day 0.
2. To have Menstrually-related migraine without aura, menstruation here means when normal bleeding happens in a normal menstruation cycle or when the woman stops taking hormones, like birth control pills
adapted from the International Headache Society</td></table>
The Menstrual Migraine Assesment Tool (MMAT) is a simple questionaire with three questions, that has shown to be fairly accurate in diagnosing menstrual migraine (Tepper SJ, 2008).  The three questions are:

Do migraines occur in the space of time 2 days before the beginning of a woman's period, until the third day after the start of the period. And does this happen in most months.
Do headaches that happen during this time become very severe.
Does the woman experience photophobia which is when a medical problem cause light to bothers a person's eyes.

The answer to the first question has to be yes and there has to be at least one yes answer to either question 2 or question 3.

In order to keep track of what time of the month the migraines happen it is helpful to use a headache diary. A person uses the headache diary to write down information about their headaches, like when they started, what kind of symptoms they had and how bad the pain was etc.

Comorbidities