Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
New C++ standards are on a three-year schedule, so the next one, C++23, is expected in 2023, and some compilers already have some (partial) support for that experimental standard. The many earlier C++ standards have each added stuff to the language, almost never taken stuff out, so mostly keeping compatibility with older standards.

Example 
The following text is C++ source code and it will write the words "Hello World!" on the screen when it has been compiled and is executed. This program is typically the first program a programmer would write while learning about programming languages.

// This is a comment. It's for *people* to read, not computers. It's usually used to describe the program.

// Make the I/O standard library available for use in the program.
#include <iostream>
// We are now defining the main function; it is the function run when the program starts.
int main()
{
    // Printing a message to the screen using the standard output stream std::cout.
    std::cout << "Hello World!";
    return 0;
}

This program is similar to the last, except it will add 3 + 2 and print the answer instead of "Hello World!".

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    // Print a simple calculation.
    std::cout << 3 + 2;
    return 0;
}

This program subtracts, multiplies, divides and then prints the answer on the screen.

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    // Create and initialize three variables, a, b, and c, to 5, 10, and 20.
    int a = 5;
    int b = 10;
    int c = 20;

    // Print calculations.
    std::cout << a-b-c;
    std::cout << a*b*c;
    std::cout << a/b/c;
    return 0;
}
Manual memory management 
C++ introduced two keywords new and delete for manual memory management (while also keeping compatibility with the old way C uses), and the constructor and destructor concepts. In modern C++ code, using new and delete (and destructors) is no longer preferred in high-level code, rather containers such as std:vector (which at a low level are implemented with new and delete).

References 

Multi-paradigm programming languages
Object-oriented programming languages
Cross-platform software
The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁, Russian: Корейская Война, Chinese: 朝鲜战争) took place between 25 June 1950 and 27 July 1953. It was a civil war fought between the Republic of Korea (South Korea), and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or North Korea). South Korea was supported by the militaries of several countries of the United Nations, commanded by the United States.  North Korea was supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The war began at 4:30 a.m. on June 25, 1950. The fighting stopped on July 27, 1953. More than two million Koreans had been killed, mostly in the North.
Both sides blame each other for starting the war. The North, led by the communist Kim Il-Sung, was helped mostly by China, led by Mao Zedong, and the Soviet Union, led by Joseph Stalin. There was medical support from East Germany, led by Walter Ulbricht); Hungary, led by Mátyás Rákosi; Romania, led by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej; Czechoslovakia,(led by Klement Gottwald; Poland, led by Bolesław Bierut; and Bulgaria . Other support came from Mongolia, led by Khorloogiin Choibalsan 

The South, led by the nationalist Syngman Rhee, was helped by many countries in the United Nations, especially the United States. British troops were on the ground in smaller numbers. The U.S. forces included detachments from its Air Force and Navy.

The war ended on July 27, 1953. The United States keeps troops in South Korea in case North Korea ever invades again. Both Koreas are divided by the Korean Demilitarized Zone, which crosses the 38th parallel.
Origins and causes 
In 1910, fifteen years after the First Sino-Japanese War, Japan annexed Korea and was still ruling when World War II ended in 1945. After Japan had surrendered, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to split Korea into two occupation zones for a short time, with the Soviets occupying the north and the Americans occupying the south.

At the Moscow Conference of the Council of Foreign Ministers in December 1945, the Americans and the Soviets agreed on Korea having a provisional government, which would not last long. That became difficult because of the rise of the Cold War.

The Cold War was an important cause in the Korean War. Relations between the two occupying powers were already bad, but when China became communist in October 1949, US President Harry Truman was very worried that other countries around China would go communist as well, such as Japan. The US Army was a twelfth the size that it had been of five years earlier.
Stalin had recently lost a Cold War dispute over the Berlin Blockade and the subsequent airlift. Both powers argued mainly over fair border lines and the spread of communism.

Events
25 June 1950
 North Korea invades South Korea across the 38th parallel and takes most of South Korea. The South Korean Army retreats to Busan.
July 1950
 The United Nations Army intervenes and lands at Incheon, a small port just about halfway down South Korea. From there, they fight North Korea, push it past the border, and separate the Koreas close to the Chinese border just south of the Yalu River.
 China starts to feel threatened since the war happens so close to it. It tells the UN and South Korea to return to the border and that they have no business to fight so far into North Korea.
October 1950
 The warning given by the Chinese is ignored by the UN (led by US General Douglas MacArthur) and so the Chinese People's Liberation Army invades North Korea and helps it fight the UN forces until they are pushed past the border.
 December 1950
 Because MiG-15s are beating America's Lockheed P-80 Shooting Stars, the F-86 Sabre goes to Korea.
February 1951
February 1951
 Fighting continues until order is restored and neither army is in each other's country, when peace talks begin.
11 April 1951
 MacArthur is relieved of his commands for making public statements that contradicted the administration's policies. He wants to invade North Korea.
March 1951 – 27 July 1953
 Peace talks continue until 27 July 1953, when no peace is declared, but an armistice is signed by both countries, and the UN withdraws.
Results

Statistics

Total strength 
Approximate numbers

United Nations 
 South Korea – 603,000 soldiers
 United States- 327,000 soldiers
 United Kingdom- 14,200 soldiers
 Canada – 8,100 soldiers
 Turkey – 5,500 soldiers
 Australia – 2,300 soldiers
 Philippines – 1,600 soldiers
 New Zealand – 1,400 soldiers
 Netherlands – 3,418 soldiers
 Ethiopia – 1,300 soldiers
 Greece – 1,250 soldiers
 Colombia – 1,300 soldiers
 Thailand – 1,200 soldiers
 Belgium – 891 soldiers
 South Africa – 873 soldiers
 France – 800 soldiers
 Luxembourg – 44 soldiers
 Total – about 972,000 soldiers

Communist 
 North Korea – 260,600 soldiers
 China – 1,358,456 soldiers
 Soviet Union – 26,000 soldiers
 Total – 1,642,600 soldiers

Losses
Losses

United Nations 
 South Korea – 205,000 deaths – 905,800 wounded
 United States – 100,503 deaths – 92,073 wounded
 United Kingdom – 1,078 deaths – 2,674 wounded
 Turkey – 721 deaths – 2,109 wounded
 Canada – 507 deaths – 1,001 wounded
 Australia – 380 deaths – 1,192 wounded
 New Zealand – 34 deaths – 80 wounded
 Netherlands – 150 deaths – 3 wounded
 France – 69 deaths
 Luxembourg – 2 deaths – 2 wounded

Communists 
 North Korea – 257,806 deaths
 China – about 25,000 deaths
 Soviet Union – about 300 deaths

Television 
The popular television show M*A*S*H, about American doctors serving in the Korean War, lasted longer than the fighting.

Related pages 
 Cold War

References

Other websites 
 A Korean War timeline of events
 Search list of names of the dead
 Korean War – Citizendium
Cold War
Wars involving Australia
Wars involving Belgium
Wars involving Canada
Wars involving France
Wars involving Greece
Wars involving New Zealand
Wars involving South Africa
Wars involving the Netherlands
Wars involving the United Kingdom
Wars involving the United States
1950 in Asia
1951 in Asia
1952 in Asia
1953 in Asia
1950s conflicts
John Landis (born August 3, 1950) is an American movie director. Landis was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Los Angeles, California. He started his career working as a mailboy at 20th Century Fox.

Some of his movies are:

 The Kentucky Fried Movie
 National Lampoon's Animal House
 The Blues Brothers
 An American Werewolf in London
 Trading Places
 Into the Night

He directed the music videos for Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and "Black or White". "Thriller" won the Video Vanguard Award for The Greatest Video in the History of the World.

Other websites 

1950 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
It is the traditional date of the March equinox, although it often falls on March 20.

Events
Up to 1900 
 537 - Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is prevented from doing so at the Praenestine Gate, known as Vivarium, by the defenders under Byzantine generals Bessas and Peranius.
 1152 - The marriage of King Louis VII of France and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine is annulled, meaning that their marriage is no longer recognized.
 1188 - Emperor Antoku comes to the throne of Japan.
 1556 – In Oxford, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake.
 1684 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moons Tethys and Dione.
 1784 – William Herschel discovers the NGC 4379 and NGC 3370 Galaxies.
 1788 – A fire destroys 856 buildings in New Orleans and leaves most of the town in ruins.
 1800 – With the church leadership driven out of the Vatican during an armed conflict, Pius VII was crowned Pope in Venice with a temporary papal tiara made of papier-mâché.
1800 - The Republic of the Ionian Islands is founded. Currently, the islands are part of Greece.
 1801 – The Battle of Alexandria was fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis in Egypt.
 1804 – Code Napoléon was adopted as French civil law.
 1814 - Napoleonic Wars: Austrian forces repel French troops in the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube.
 1844 – The Baha'i calendar begins.
 1846 – Adolphe Sax receives a patent for the Saxophone.
 1857 – Earthquake in Tokyo, Japan kills over 100,000.
 1865 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville ends in a Union victory.
 1871 - Otto von Bismarck is appointed Chancellor of the German Empire.
 1871 – Journalist Henry Morton Stanley began his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.
1901  2000 
 1913 - Over 360 people are killed and 20,000 homes are destroyed by a flood in Dayton, Ohio.
 1918 – World War I: Second Battle of the Somme begins.
 1919 - The Chinese High School is established in Singapore by Tan Kah Kee.
 1921 - A new economic policy is implemented by the Bolsheviks in response to the economic failure as a result of war communism.
 1925 - Syngman Rhee is removed from office as President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
 1925 - The Butler Act bans the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee.
 1928 – Charles Lindbergh is presented the Congressional Medal of Honor for his first trans-Atlantic flight.
 1933 - Holocaust: Dachau Concentration Camp is completed. Its first prisoners arrive the next day.
 1935 – Shah Reza Pahlavi formally asked the international community to call Persia by its native name, Iran, which means 'Land of the Aryans'.
1937 - Ponce Massacre: 19 people, including a 7-year-old girl, are killed in Ponce, Puerto Rico, being gunned down by police guard acting under orders of US-appointed Governor Blanton C. Winship.
 1940 – Paul Reynaud becomes Prime Minister of France.
 1943 - Wehrmacht officer Rudolf von Gersdorffplots to assassinate Nazi leader Adolf Hitler by using a suicide bomb, though the plan does not go ahead.
 1945 – World War II: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma.
 1945 - World War II: Operation Carthage - British planes bomb Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, though a school is also hit, killing 125 people.
 1945 - World War II: Bulgaria and the Soviet Union successfully complete their defense of the north bank of the Drava River as the Battle of the Transdanubian Hills concludes.
 1946 - The Los Angeles Rams sign Kenny Washington, making him the first African American player in American football since 1933.
1952 – Alan Freed presents the Moondog Coronation Ball, the first rock and roll concert, in Cleveland, Ohio.
 1960 – Apartheid: Massacre in Sharpeville, South Africa: Police open fire on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180.
 1963 – Alcatraz, a federal penitentiary on an island in San Francisco Bay, closes.
 1964 – In Copenhagen, Denmark, Gigliola Cinquetti wins the ninth Eurovision Song Contest for Italy singing "Non ho l'età" (I'm not old enough).
 1965 – Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
 1965 – Martin Luther King Jr leads 3,200 people on the start of the 3rd and finally successful Civil Rights March from Selma to Montgomery Alabama.
 1968 - Battle of Karameh in Jordan between Israel's Defense Forces and Fatah.
 1970 – The first Earth Day proclamation was issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto.
1970 – Vinko Bogataj crashes during a ski-jumping championship in Germany; his image becomes that of the "agony of defeat guy" in the opening credits of ABC's Wide World of Sports.
 1970 – In Amsterdam, Netherlands, Dana wins the fifteenth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "All Kinds of Everything".
 1975 – The Ethiopian military declares an end to Ethiopia's monarchy.
 1980 – President Jimmy Carter announces a United States boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan.
 1980 – On the season finale of the soap opera Dallas, the infamous character J.R. Ewing is shot by an unseen assailant, leading to the catchphrase "Who Shot JR?"
 1985 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.
 1989 – Sports Illustrated reports allegations that tie baseball player Pete Rose to baseball gambling.
1990 – Namibia becomes independent after 75 years of South African rule.
 1994 - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change enters into force.
 1999 – Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon.
 2000 - Pope John Paul II visits Israel.
From 2001 
 2002 – In Pakistan, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh along with three other suspects are charged with murder for their part in the kidnapping and killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
 2004 – In Malaysia, the 11th Federal and State elections are held, returning the ruling coalition Barisan Nasional to power with an increased majority.
 2005 – In Red Lake, Minnesota, 10 are killed in a school shooting, the worst since the Columbine High School massacre.
 2006 – The Social networking site Twitter is founded by Jack Dorsey in San Francisco, California.
 2010 - The 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver end.
 2013 - Justin Welby is officially enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
 2014 - Vladimir Putin signs a decree making Crimea part of Russia.
 2016 - Congolese politician Jean-Pierre Bemba is convicted of rape, murder and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court in The Hague.
 2018 - Pedro Pablo Kuczynski resigns as President of Peru as a result of a corruption scandal.
Up to 1900 
 927 - Emperor Taizu of Song of China (d. 976)
 1474 - Angela Merici, Italian religious leader and saint (d. 1540)
 1521 - Maurice, Elector of Saxony (d. 1553)
 1522 - Mihrimah Sultan, daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent (d. 1578)
 1527 - Hermann Finck, German composer (d. 1558)
 1626 - Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur, Canary Islands-born Christian missionary (d. 1667)
 1672 - Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino, Italian poet and opera librettist (d. 1742)
 1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (d. 1750)
 1713 - Francis Lewis, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1803)
 1716 - Josef Seger, Bohemian composer (d. 1782)
 1763 – Jean Paul, German writer (d. 1825)
 1768 – Joseph Fourier, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1830)
 1775 – Lucien Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1840)
 1786 - Joseph Vance, 13th Governor of Ohio (d. 1852)
 1797 - Johann Andreas Wagner, German zoologist (d. 1861)
 1801 – Maria Theresa of Tuscany, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1855)
1806 – Benito Juarez, President of Mexico (d. 1872)
 1817 - Joseph Poelaert, Belgian architect (d. 1879)
 1825 – Alexander Mizhayskiy, Russian aviation pioneer (d. 1890)
 1827 - Andrew Leith Adams, Scottish doctor, naturalist and geologist (d. 1882)
 1839 – Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer (d. 1881)
 1857 - Alice Henry, Australian activist, journalist and trade unionist (d. 1943)
 1859 - Dania Pratt, American golfer (d. 1938)
 1865 - George Owen Squier, American inventor (d. 1934)
 1867 – Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr., American theater producer (d. 1932)
 1869 - David Robertson, Scottish golfer (d. 1937)
 1874 - Alfred Tysoe, British athlete (d. 1901)
 1876 – Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968)
 1877 - Maurice Farman, French motor racing champion and aircraft manufacturer (d. 1964)
 1880 - Broncho Billy Anderson, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1971)
 1882 - Aleksander Keskula, Estonian politician (d. 1963)
 1882 - Bascom Lamar Lunsford, American singer and lawyer (d. 1973)
1883 - Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko, Soviet-Russian politician and diplomat (d. 1938)
 1885 – Pierre Renoir, French actor and director (d. 1952)
 1886 - Walter Dray, American pole vaulter (d. 1973)
 1887 - Erich Mendelsohn, German-American architect (d. 1953)
 1887 - M. N. Roy, Indian philosopher and politician (d. 1954)
 1889 - Alexander Vertinsky, Soviet-Russian artist, singer and movie actor (d. 1957)
 1890 - C. Douglass Buck, Governor of Delaware (d. 1965)
 1891 - Jonathan Hale, Canadian-American actor (d. 1966)
 1893 - Sidney Franklin, American director and movie producer (d. 1972)
 1895 - Leonid Utsoyov, Russian jazz singer, bandleader and actor (d. 1982)
 1896 - Friedrich Waismann, Austrian mathematician, physicist and philosopher (d. 1959)
 1897 - Salvador Lutteroth, Mexican wrestling promoter (d. 1987)
1901  1950 
 1901 – Karl Arnold, German politician (d. 1958)
 1904 - Nikos Skalkottas, Greek composer (d. 1949)
 1906 - John D. Rockefeller III, American philanthropist (d. 1978)
 1910 – Mohammad Siddiq S Khan, Bangladeshi intellectual (d. 1978)
 1913 – George Abecassis, British racing driver (d. 1991)
 1914 - Paul Tortelier, French cellist (d. 1990)
 1916 - Bismillah Khan, Indian musician (d. 2006)
 1917 - Yigael Yadin, Israeli archaeologist, general and politician (d. 1984)
 1918 - Patrick Lucey, 38th Governor of Wisconsin (d. 2014)
 1919 - R. M. Hare, British philosopher (d. 2002)
 1920 - Georg Ots, Estonian opera singer (d. 1975)
 1920 – Eric Rohmer, French director (d. 2010)
 1921 - Antony Hopkins, English composer, conductor and pianist (d. 2014)
 1922 - Russ Meyer, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2004)
 1923 – Nirmala Srivastava, Indian religious figure (d. 2011)
 1925 - Harold Ashby, American saxophonist (d. 2003)
 1925 - Peter Brook, English theatre and movie director
1927 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician and diplomat (d. 2016)
 1927 - Halton Arp, American astronomer (d. 2013)
 1928 - Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (d. 2015)
 1929 - Jimmy Wardhaugh, Scottish footballer (d. 1978)
 1931 - Alda Merini, Italian poet (d. 2009)
 1931 – Richard Ratsimandrava, President of Madagascar (d. 1975)
 1932 – Walter Gilbert, American chemist
 1932 - Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor (d. 2015)
 1933 – Michael Heseltine, British politician
 1933 - Antonio Pica, Spanish footballer (d. 2014)
 1934 - Al Freeman, Jr., American actor (d. 2012)
 1935 – Brian Clough, English footballer and manager (d. 2004)
 1935 - Erich Kunzel, American conductor (d. 2009)
 1937 - Ann Clwyd, Welsh politician
 1938 - Luigi Tenco, Italian singer (d. 1967)
 1940 – Solomon Burke, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
 1942 – Fradique de Menezes, former President of São Tomé and Príncipe
 1942 – Ali Abdullah Saleh, former President of Yemen (d. 2017)
1942 - Kostas Politis, Greek basketball player and coach
 1943 – Vivian Stanshall, English musician (d. 1995)
 1944 - Marie-Christine Barrault, French actress
 1944 - Hideki Ishima, Japanese guitarist
 1944 - Cox Habbema, Dutch actress (d. 2016)
 1944 - Mike Jackson, British general
 1946 – Timothy Dalton, British actor
 1946 - Joseph Mitsuaki Takami, 9th Archbishop of Nagasaki
 1946 - Ray Dorset, British musician
 1947 - Michael Dibdin, British writer (d. 2007)
 1949 - Eddie Money, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2019)
 1949 – Slavoj Zizek, Slovenian sociologist and cultural critic
 1950 – Roger Hodgson, English musician
 1950 - Sergey Lavrov, Russian politician and diplomat
1951  1975 
 1954 - Mike Dunleavy, American basketball coach
 1955 - Jair Bolsonaro, President of Brazil
 1956 – Ingrid Kristiansen, Norwegian athlete
 1957 – Youssef Rzouga, Tunisian poet
 1958 - Marlies Göhr, German athlete
 1958 – Gary Oldman, British actor
 1959 – Nobuo Uematsu, Japanese composer
 1959 - Sarah Jane Morris, English singer-songwriter
 1960 – Ayrton Senna, Brazilian Formula 1 driver (d. 1994)
 1960 - Jim Matheson, American politician
 1961 – Lothar Matthaus, German footballer
 1961 - Kassie DePaiva, American actress
 1962 – Rosie O'Donnell, American comedienne, actress, talk show host, and publisher
 1962 – Matthew Broderick, American actor
 1963 - Ronald Koeman, Dutch footballer
 1963 – Shawn Lane, American musician
 1964 - Ieuan Evans, Welsh rugby player
 1964 - Jesper Skibby, Danish cyclist
 1965 - Xavier Bertrand, French politician
 1966 - Benito Archundia, Mexican football referee
 1966 - DJ Premier, American DJ and producer
 1967 – Jonas Berggren, Swedish musician (Ace of Base)
1967 – Carwyn Jones, Welsh politician and former First Minister of Wales
 1967 – Adrian Chiles, English television presenter
 1968 - Scott Williams, American basketball player and sportscaster
 1969 – Ali Daei, Iranian footballer
 1972 - Chris Candido, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
 1974 - Laura Allen, American actress
 1975 – Mark Williams, Welsh snooker player
 1975 - Yacoub Al-Mohana, Kuwaiti producer and director
From 1976 
 1976 - Rachael MacFarlane, American voice actress
 1978 – Nick Baines, English musician (Kaiser Chiefs)
 1978 – Kevin Federline, American dancer
 1978 – Rani Mukerji, Indian actress and model
 1980 – Marit Bjorgen, Norwegian cross-country skier
 1980 – Ronaldinho, Brazilian footballer
 1980 - Deryck Whibley, Canadian singer and guitarist (Sum 41)
 1980 - Lee Jin, South Korean actress
 1982 – Antar Yahia, Algerian footballer
 1982 – Aaron Hill, American baseball player
 1982 - Ejegayehu Dibaba, Ethiopian long-distance runner
 1982 - Colin Turkington, Northern Irish racing driver
 1983 - Gonzalo Fierro, Chilean footballer
 1984 - Guillermo Daniel Rodriguez, Uruguayan footballer
 1986 - Michu, Spanish footballer
 1988 – Lee Cattermole, English footballer
 1989 - Jordi Alba, Spanish footballer
 1989 – Rochelle Humes, English singer (The Saturdays)
 1989 – Nicolas Lodeiro, Uruguayan footballer
 1990 - Mandy Capristo, German singer-songwriter and producer
 1991 - Luke Chapman, English footballer
1991 - Antoine Griezmann, French footballer
 1993 - Jade Jones, Welsh taekwondoin
 1993 - Jade Bidwell, English footballer
 1993 - Suraj Sharma, Indian actor
 1997 - Martina Stoessel, Argentine actress, singer, dancer and model
 2004 - Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, Dutch royal
Up to 1900 
 547 – Benedict of Nursia, Italian monk (b. 480)
 1063 - Richeza Lotharingia, Queen of Poland
 1076 – Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1011)
 1181 - Taira Kiromori, Japanese general (b. 1118)
 1306 – Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1248)
 1487 - Nicholas of Flue, Swiss patron saint (b. 1417)
 1556 – Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1489)
 1617 – Pocahontas, Native American, daughter of Powhatan (b. 1595)
 1653 - Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha, Albanian statesman and Grand Vizier
 1729 - John Law, Scottish economist (b. 1671)
 1734 - Robert Wodrow, Scottish historian (b. 1679)
 1762 – Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (b. 1713)
 1772 - Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French cartographer (b. 1703)
 1795 - Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (b. 1714)
 1801 – Andrea Luchesi, Italian composer (b. 1741)
 1843 – Guadalupe Victoria, 1st President of Mexico (b. 1786)
 1843 - Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)
 1857 – William Scoresby, British explorer (b. 1789)
1901  2000 
 1910 – Nadar, French photographer (b. 1820)
 1915 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American inventor (b. 1856)
 1920 - Federigo Tozzi, Italian writer (b. 1883)
 1932 - Frantz Reichel, French athlete and rugby player (b. 1871)
 1936 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (b. 1865)
 1943 - Cornelia Fort, American pilot (b. 1919)
 1957 – C. K. Ogden, English writer (b. 1889)
 1961 - Morgan Foster Larson, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1882)
 1980 - Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. 1888)
 1985 – Michael Redgrave, British actor (b. 1908)
 1987 - Dean Paul Martin, American tennis player, singer, actor and military pilot (b. 1951)
 1987 - Robert Preston, American actor (b. 1918)
 1991 – Leo Fender, American guitar maker (b. 1909)
 1992 – John Ireland, Canadian movie actor and director (b. 1914)
 1993 - Sebastiano Baggio, Italian cardinal (b. 1913)
 1997 - Wilbert Awdry, English writer (Thomas the Tank Engine) (b. 1911)
1998 – Galina Ulanova, Russian ballerina (b. 1910)
 1999 - Jean Guitton, French philosopher, writer and theologian (b. 1905)
 1999 – Ernie Wise, British comedian (b. 1925)
From 2001 
 2001 – Anthony Steel, British actor (b. 1920)
 2001 - Chung Ju-young, South Korean entrepreneur and businessman, founder of Hyundai (b. 1915)
 2002 - Herman Talmadge, American politician (b. 1913)
 2002 - Milly Dowler, British teenager (murdered) (b. 1988)
 2003 - Umar Wirahadikusumah, 4th Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1924)
 2004 - Ludmila Tchérina, French actress, dancer and choreographer (b. 1924)
 2009 - Walt Poddubny, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1960)
 2010 – Wolfgang Wagner, German opera director and festival organiser (b. 1919)
 2011 – Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet-Russian gymnast (b. 1952)
 2011 – Pinetop Perkins, American musician (b. 1913)
 2012 – Tonino Guerra, Italian poet, writer and screenwriter (b. 1920)
 2013 - Pietro Mennea, Italian sprinter and politician (b. 1952)
 2013 - Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelist, poet and academic (b. 1930)
 2013 - Elsie Thompson, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
 2014 - Jack Fleck, American golfer (b. 1921)
2014 - Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Iraqi patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church (b. 1933)
 2014 - James Rebhorn, American actor (b. 1948)
 2015 - Perro Aguayo Jr., Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1979)
 2015 - Chuck Bednarik, American football player (b. 1925)
 2015 - Hans Erni, Swiss painter, designer and sculptor (b. 1909)
 2015 - James C. Binnicker, American air force officer (b. 1938)
 2015 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress (b. 1955)
 2016 - Joseph Mercieca, Maltese archbishop (b. 1928)
 2016 - Andrew Grove, Hungarian-born American businessman, engineer and author (b. 1926)
 2017 - Martin McGuinness, Northern Irish politician (b. 1950)
 2017 - Colin Dexter, English writer (b. 1930)
 2017 - Henri Emmanuelli, French politician (b. 1945)
 2017 - Chuck Barris, American television host, producer and game show creator (b. 1929)
 2017 - August Englas, Estonian wrestler (b. 1925)
 2017 - Roy Fisher, British poet and jazz pianist (b. 1930)
 2018 - Anna-Lisa, Norwegian-American actress (b. 1933)
2018 - Tom Higgins, American rock climber (b. 1944)
 2018 - Rolf Leeser, German-Dutch footballer (b. 1929)
 2018 - James C. Irwin, American military officer (b. 1929)
 2018 - John W. Vogt, American engineer and politician (b. 1936)
 2018 - Leo C. Zeferetti, American politician (b. 1927)
Observances 
 Independence Day (Namibia)
 Human Rights Day (South Africa)
 Benito Juarez' birthday (Mexico)
 Spring Equinox – Northern Hemisphere
 Autumn Equinox – Southern Hemisphere
 International Day against racial discrimination (after Sharpeville massacre)
 World Poetry Day
 Youth Day (Tunisia)
 Harmony Day (Australia)
 World Down syndrome Day
 Mother's Day (Most of the Arab World)
 World Puppetry Day
 International Colour Day
 International Day of Forests

Days of the year
Edith Massey (May 25, 1918 - October 24, 1984) was an American actress.

She acted in several of director John Waters' most well-known movies: Multiple Maniacs, Pink Flamingos, Female Trouble, Desperate Living, and Polyester. Waters discovered Massey as a waitress in a Baltimore, Maryland, USA bar he and his friends frequented.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Massey capitalized on her Waters infamy by touring as the lead singer of a punk band (Edie and the Eggs) and opening a thrift store in Baltimore called Edith's Shopping Bag.

Director Robert Maier made a documentary short about her in 1975 called Love Letter to Edie.

American movie actors
1918 births
1984 deaths
Actors from San Francisco
The Statue of Liberty (officially named Liberty Enlightening the World and sometimes referred to as Lady Liberty) is a monument symbolising the United States. The statue is placed on Liberty Island, near New York City Harbor.
The statue commemorates the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. It was given to the United States by the people of France in 1886, to represent the friendship between the two countries established during the American Revolution. It represents a woman wearing a stola, a crown and sandals, trampling a broken chain, and with a torch in her raised right hand and a tabula ansata, or tablet where the date of the Declaration of Independence  (1776)  is written, in her left hand. The statue is on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, and it welcomes visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans travelling by ship.

The Statue of Liberty is based on the Greek god Libertas, also known as Eleutheria, the Goddess of Liberty, and was given a temple on the Aventine Hill in  238 BC.
History 
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi sculpted the statue and he obtained a U.S. patent for the structure. Maurice Koechlin, who was chief engineer of Gustave Eiffel's engineering company and designer of the Eiffel Tower, designed the internal structure. The pedestal was designed by the architect Richard Morris Hunt. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc chose copper in the construction of the statue, and for the adoption of the repoussé construction technique, where a malleable metal is hammered on the reverse side.

The statue is made of a covering of pure copper, left to weather to a natural blue-green patina. It has a framework of steel (originally puddled iron). The exception is the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf (originally made of copper and later altered to hold glass panes). It is on a rectangular stonework pedestal. The foundation is an old star fort in the shape of an irregular eleven-pointed star. The statue is  tall, but with the pedestal and foundation, it is  tall.
The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. For many years it was one of the first glances of the United States for millions of immigrants and visitors after ocean voyages from around the world.

The statue is the central part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, administered by the National Park Service. The National Monument also includes Ellis Island.

Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi died in October 4th, 1904.

Inscriptions, plaques, and dedications
There are several metal plaques on or near the Statue of Liberty. A plaque on the copper just under the figure's feet declares that it is a colossal statue representing Liberty, designed by Bartholdi and built by the Paris firm of Gaget, Gauthier et Cie (Cie is the French abbreviation analogous to Co.). Another plaque declares the statue to be a gift from the people of the Republic of France that honors "the Alliance of the two Nations in achieving the Independence of the United States of America and attests their abiding friendship." The New York committee made a plaque that commemorates the fundraising done to build the pedestal. The Freemasons put another plaque on the cornerstone.
In 1903, a bronze tablet that bears the text of "The New Colossus" and commemorates Emma Lazarus was presented by friends of the poet. Until the 1986 renovation, it was mounted inside the pedestal; today it resides in the Statue of Liberty Museum in the base. It is accompanied by a tablet given by the Emma Lazarus Commemorative Committee in 1977, celebrating the poet's life.

A group of five statues is at the western end of the island.  They honor people involved in building the Statue of Liberty. The statues stand for two Americans—Pulitzer and Lazarus—and three Frenchmen—Bartholdi, Laboulaye, and Eiffel. The five statues were designed by Maryland sculptor Phillip Ratner.
In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The UNESCO "Statement of Significance" describes the statue as a "masterpiece of the human spirit" that "endures as a highly potent symbol—inspiring contemplation, debate and protest—of ideals such as liberty, peace, human rights, abolition of slavery, democracy and opportunity."

Related pages 
List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

Notes

References

Further reading

Other websites

 Statue of Liberty National Monument
 Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation
 "A Giant's Task – Cleaning Statue of Liberty", Popular Mechanics (February 1932)

Statues
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
World Heritage Sites in the United States
Symbols of the United States
1880s works
Events 
 March 3 – Georges Bizet's Carmen debuts in Paris
 Wadworth Brewery founded.

Births 
 February 2 – Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist and composer
 February 28 – Christie MacDonald, actress and singer
 May – Paul Sarebresole
 July 26 – Carl Jung
 September 3 – Ferdinand Porsche, German car designer

Deaths 
 June 3 – Georges Bizet

Published music
 "Angels, Meet Me At the Cross Road"     w.m. Will Hays
 "Carve Dat Possum" by Sam Lucas & Herbert Hershy
 "Dreaming Forever of Thee"      w.m. John Hill Hewitt
 "Grandfather's Clock"     w.m. Henry C. Work
 "I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen"     w.m. Thomas P. Westendorf
 "Nancy Lee" w. Frederick Edward Weatherly, m. Stephen Adams (pseudonym of Michael Maybrick)
 "The Witches Flight (Galop Caprice)" by Henry A. Russell
Musical theater 
 Trial By Jury, Gilbert & Sullivan, London production opened at the Royalty Theatre on March 25
 Trial By Jury Philadelphia production opened at the Arch Street Theatre on October 22
 Trial By Jury, New York production opened at the Eagle Theatre on November 15
 The Zoo, Lyrics and Book: Bolton Rowe Music: Arthur Sullivan, London production opened at St. James Theatre on June 5
Ankst is a Welsh independent record label formed in 1988 at Aberystwyth University. Ankst has been the launch-pad for several popular Welsh artists, including Super Furry Animals and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci. The label is now based in Pentraeth on Anglesey.

Other websites
Official website

British record labels
1988 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Wales
1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was .

Events
February 13 – Michael Jackson purchases a ranch in Santa Ynez, California. He calls his new home "Neverland".
March 12 – Record producer Jimmy Iovine presents the Special Olympics with a donation of $5 million, which was raised with the release of the A Very Special Christmas album.
April 19 – Former rock and roll singer Sonny Bono becomes the mayor of Palm Springs, California.
May 1 – Citing the 1st Amendment, a judge drops all charges filed against singer Billy Joel. Joel was being sued by Jack Powers for defamation following an interview with Playboy in which he called Powers a "creep".
 June 14 – A small wildfire starts in Montana near Yellowstone National Park. It joins other fires. Eventually, over  of Yellowstone burns before firefighters gain control in late September.
July 1 – Quartetto Cetra's last concert
 August 20 – The Iran–Iraq War ends
 September 16 – rapper Eazy-E releases his first album Eazy-Duz-It
 November 1 – Bad Religion releases Suffer
Hurricane Gilbert strikes the Caribbean, Mexico and south Texas
November 24 – Mystery Science Theater 3000 premieres
December 7 – A powerful earthquake kills nearly 25,000 people in Soviet Armenia
December 21 – A Pan-Am airplane explodes over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing more than 270 people
Ankst music label founded
Peter Ruzicka becomes director of the Hamburg State Opera and State Philharmonic Orchestra
"I Heard It Through the Grapevine" experiences a surge in popularity sparked by television commercials featuring claymation raisin figures dancing to the song. The California Raisins version of the song peaks at No. 84 on Billboard's Hot 100.
Births

January 12 – Chris Casement, Northern Irish footballer
February 20 – Rihanna, Barbadian singer
February 29 – Lena Gercke, German model
March 27 – Brenda Song, American actress and singer
April 27 – Lizzo, American musician
April 29 – Jonathan Toews, Canadian Professional ice hockey player for the Chicago Blackhawks
May 5 – Adele, British singer
June 6 – Ajinkya Rahane, Indian cricketer 
June 7 – Michael Cera, Canadian actor
July 14 – Conor McGregor, Irish boxer
July 16 – Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer
August 25 – Alexandra Burke, British singer
October 15 – Mesut Özil, German footballer
November 5 – Virat Kohli, Indian cricketer
November 6 – Emma Stone, American actress
November 8 - Chris McNally, Canadian actor 
November 19 – Patrick Kane, American professional ice hockey for the Chicago Blackhawks
November 25 – Nodar Kumaritashvili, Georgian luger (d. 2010)
December 14 – Vanessa Hudgens, American actress

Deaths

January
Deaths

January 

 January 3 – Rose Auslander, German poet (b. 1901)
 January 3 – Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1905)
 January 5 – Pete Maravich, basketball player (b. 1947)
 January 7 – Trevor Howard, English actor (b. 1913)
 January 11 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist (b. 1898)
 January 13 – Chiang Ching-kuo, 3rd President of the Republic of China (b. 1910)
 January 14 – Georgy Malenkov, 5th Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (b. 1902)
 January 15 – Seán MacBride, Irish Republican Army leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1904)
 January 16 – Ballard Berkeley, British actor (b. 1904)

February 

February 1 – Heather O'Rourke, American actress (b. 1975)
 February 13 – John Curulewski, American guitarist (Styx) (b. 1950)
 February 15 – Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)

March
March 

 March 7 – Divine, American  actor and singer (b. 1945)
 March 9 – Kurt Georg Kiesinger, 3rd Chancellor of Germany (b. 1904)
 March 10 – Andy Gibb, singer (b. 1958)
 March 10 – Phạm Hùng, Vietnamese prime minister (b. 1912)
 March 31 – Sir William McMahon, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908)

April 

 April 12 – Alan Paton, South African author (b. 1903)
 April 17 - Louise Nevelson, American sculptor
 April 25 - Valerie Solanas, American author (b. 1936)

May 

 May 8 – Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer (b. 1907)
 May 11 – Kim Philby, British agent and spy (b. 1912)
 May 14 – Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1886)
 May 25 – Ernst Ruska, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)

June 

 June 7 - Vernon Washington, American actor (b. 1927)
 June 11 – Giuseppe Saragat, 5th President of Italy (b. 1898)
 June 25 – Hillel Slovak, American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers) (b. 1962)

July 

 July 25 – Judith Barsi, American child actress (b. 1978)
August 

 

 August 2 – Raymond Carver, American writer (b. 1938)
 August 10 – Arnulfo Arias, President of Panama (b. 1901)
 August 14 – Enzo Ferrari, Italian car maker (b. 1898)
 August 17 – Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (b. 1924)
 August 20 – Lazarus Salii, President of Palau (b. 1937)
 August 30 – Jack Marshall, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1912)

September 

 September 1 – Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
 September 5 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (b. 1913)
 September 11 - Roger Hargreaves, English writer (b. 1934)
 September 30 – Trường Chinh, former President of Vietnam (b. 1907)

October 

 October 3 – Franz Josef Strauß, German politician (b. 1915)

November 

 November 4 – Kleanthis Vikelidis, Greek footballer (b. 1916)
 November 14 – Takeo Miki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1907)
 November 27 – Angela Aames, American actress (b. 1956)
 November 27 – John Carradine, American actor (b. 1906)

December
December 

 December 3 – Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1901)
 December 4 – Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist (b. 1899)
 December 6 – Roy Orbison, American singer (b. 1936)

Nobel Prizes
 Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger for their research on neutrinos
 Nobel Prize in Chemistry shared by Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, and Hartmut Michel
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, and George H. Hitchings
 Nobel Prize in Literature won by Naguib Mahfouz, an Egyptian writer
 Nobel Peace Prize won by The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces
 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences won by Maurice Allais, French economist
Up to 1900 
 286 - Roman Emperor Diocletian makes his general Maximian co-emperor.
 325 - Emperor Cheng of Jin, at the age of 4 years, becomes Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China, succeeding his father, Emperor Ming of Jin.
 527 - Byzantine Empire: Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler.
 1318 – Scotland takes control of Berwick-upon-Tweed from England.
 1545 - The Bolivian city of Potosi is founded after the discovery of major silver deposits in the area.
 1605 - Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici is elected Pope, and becomes Pope Leo XI.
 1789 – Frederick Muhlenberg is elected as the first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
 1790 - William Herschel discovers the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3079.
 1814 – The first gas lighting is used in London's streets.
 1826 – Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks.
 1867 – Singapore becomes a British Crown colony.
1873 – The RMS Atlantic sinks near Nova Scotia, killing 545 people.
 1887 - Bombay's Fire Brigade is founded.
 1888 - The Dutch football team Sparta Rotterdam is founded.
 1891 - The painter Paul Gauguin leaves Marseille for Tahiti.
 1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago.
 1893 - The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is created.
 1893 - Germany officially adopts "Central European Time", one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.
 1897 – The Japanese city of Nagano is founded.
 1899 - Germany takes of control of present-day Papua New Guinea, calling it German New Guinea.
1901  2000 
 1908 - Territorial Force, which is later renamed the Territorial Army, is as a volunteer reserve component of the British Army.
 1918 – The Royal Air Force is founded.
 1919 – The Bauhaus school is founded in Germany by the architect Walter Gropius.
 1921 – Adrienne Bolland becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Andes, from Mendoza in Argentina to Santiago, Chile.
 1924 – The Royal Canadian Air Force is formed.
 1924 - Adolf Hitler is sent to five years in prison for his part in the Beer Hall Putsch, he only spends nine months there, writing Mein Kampf.
 1933 - England cricketer Wally Hammond sets a record for the highest individual test innings of 336 against New Zealand.
 1935 - India's central bank, the Reserve Bank of India, is founded.
 1936 – Orissa becomes a state of India.
 1937 – Aden becomes a British Crown colony.
 1939 – The Spanish Civil War ends, as the last Republicans surrender.
1941 - Fântâna Albă massacre: Between 200 and 2,000 Romanian civilians are killed by Soviet Border Troops.
 1944 - World War II: Navigation errors lead to a mistaken US air raid on Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
 1945 - World War II: As part of Operation Iceberg, US troops land on Okinawa.
 1946 - The Malayan Union is formed.
 1946 – An earthquake in Alaska leads to a tsunami which destroys the town of Hilo, Hawaii.
 1948 – The Faroe Islands gain autonomy from Denmark.
 1949 – The Irish Free State becomes the Republic of Ireland.
 1949 - Chinese Civil War: The Chinese Communist Party holds successful talks with the Kuomintang.
 1949 - Canada's government ends Japanese internment (imprisonment) after seven years.
 1954 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
 1957 – The BBC current affairs programme Panorama plays an April Fools' Day joke, about a spaghetti harvest in Switzerland.
 1960 - The first Dr. Martens boots go on sale.
1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins its operations.
 1969 - Lin Biao is chosen as future successor to Mao Zedong in the People's Republic of China.
 1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is introduced in India.
 1974 - Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan counties are created in the United Kingdom.
 1976 – Apple Inc. is founded.
 1979 – The Islamic Republic of Iran is founded.
 1989 - British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher introduces the Community Charge (poll tax) in Scotland.
 1992 - Start of the war in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp is seen passing perihelion.
 1999 – Nunavut becomes a territory of Canada, after being part of the Northwest Territories.
 2000 – In the UK the wartime coding machine, used to crack the Enigma code, is stolen. It is found the following October.
From 2001 
 2001 – Slobodan Milosevic is arrested, to be placed on trial for war crimes.
 2001 – Same-sex marriage is legalised in the Netherlands, the first country to do so.
 2002 – New euthanasia laws come into force in the Netherlands.
 2004 - Google announces the creation of Gmail to the public.
 2006 - The Serious Organised Crime Agency is created in the United Kingdom.
 2009 – Albania and Croatia join NATO.
 2009 – Protests occur at the G-20 summit in London.
 2009 - A Super Puma helicopter crashes in the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland, killing all 18 people on board.
 2012 – Aung San Suu Kyi wins a seat in the Burmese parliament.
 2017 - A landslide in Mocoa, Colombia, kills at least 254 people.
 2018 - Mokgweetsi Masisi becomes President of Botswana.
 2018 - Carlos Alvarado Quesada is elected President of Costa Rica, defeating Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz.
2018 - The People's Republic of China's Tiangong-1 space station breaks up on re-entry to Earth's atmosphere and lands in the Southern Pacific Ocean near Tahiti.
 2019 - It is revealed that "Reiwa" will be the name of Japan's new imperial era when Emperor Akihito abdicates at the end of the month in favour of his son Naruhito.
Births

Up to 1800 
 1220 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (d. 1272)
 1282 - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1347)
 1578 – William Harvey, English physician (d. 1657)
 1624 – Maria Miloslavskaya, Empress of Russia (d. 1669)
 1629 - Jean-Henri d'Anglebert, French harpsichordist and organist (d. 1691)
 1640 - Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (d. 1697)
 1647 - John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (d. 1680)
 1697 - Antoine François Prévost, French writer and novelist (d. 1763)
 1730 - Salomon Gessner, Swiss poet and artist (d. 1788)
 1732 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
 1753 - Joseph de Maistre, French philosopher, writer, lawyer and diplomat (d. 1821)
 1755 – Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, French writer, philosopher and gastronome (d. 1826)
 1757 - Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, Swedish-Finnish statesman, military and diplomat (d. 1814)
 1776 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)