Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Biratnagar () is a major industrial city and the second largest city in Nepal. Its geographical location is 26°28'60"N 87°16'60"E. The city is located in the Morang District in the Koshi Province of Nepal. It is the capital of the Koshi Province.

Related pages
Development Regions of Nepal
zones of Nepal

References

Cities in Nepal
Municipalities of Nepal
Morang District ( ), a district of Nepal. It is in the Koshi Province, in the Terai plain area.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
Jhapa District (; ) is a district of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal named after a Rajbanshi |Surjapuri language word "Jhapa" meaning "to cover" (verb). The latest official data, the 2021 Nepal Census, puts the total population of the district at 994,090. The total area of the district is 1,606 square kilometres.

The lowlands of Limbuwan (present-day terai lands of Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa) was collectively known as Morang since the time of King Mawrong of 7th century.In the beginning of 1400 AD, Morang Kingdom patriated from Kingdom of Ilam and Kingdom of Mikluk Bodhey (Choubise) and started ruling on its own.
Location
Jhapa is the easternmost district of Nepal and lies in the fertile Terai plains. It is part of the Outer Terai. Jhapa borders with Ilam in the north, Morang in the west, the Indian state of Bihar in the south and the Indian state of West Bengal to the southeast and east. Geographically, it covers an area of  and lies on 87°39’ east to 88°12’ east longitude and 26°20’ north to 26°50’ north latitude.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
A lysozyme is a part of the innate immune system. They are enzymes which are in mucus secretions like saliva. They protect against infection by chopping up the bacteria, viruses and fungi which infect animals.

The name 'lysozyme' was coined in 1922 by Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), the discoverer of penicillin. Fleming first observed the antibacterial action of lysozyme when he treated bacterial cultures with nasal mucus from a patient suffering from a common cold.

Lysozyme is in a number of secretions, such as tears, saliva, milk, and mucus. It is also present in cytoplasmic granules of macrophages and granulocyte neutrophils.

The enzyme works by attacking polymers in the cell walls of bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria like  Bacillus and Streptococcus.
Lysozyme was the second protein structure, and the first enzyme structure,  solved by X-ray diffraction methods. It was the first enzyme to be fully sequenced that contains all twenty common amino acids.
It was also the first enzyme to have a detailed, specific mechanism suggested for its action. This work led to an explanation of how enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by their physical structures.

Related pages 
Host defence peptide
Defensin
innate immune system

References 

Enzymes
Immunology
Stephen Hendry (born 13 January 1969) is a Scottish former professional snooker player. He has won the World Championship seven times, a record in the modern snooker era.

Hendry started playing snooker in 1981, aged 12, and became at 16 years the youngest ever professional. He finished his professional career 27 years later after his defeat in the 2012 world championship. In his career he was between 1990 an 1998 and again 2006/2007 snooker's world number one. Actual Hendry operates as a commentator for BBC Snooker.

Other websites 
 Stephen Hendry at snooker.org 

1969 births
Living people
British snooker players
Sportspeople from Edinburgh
Steve Davis (born 22 August 1957) is an English former professional snooker player. He was born in Plumstead, London. He has won the World Championship six times and dominated snooker in the eighties of the 20th century. 

Davis started his professional career in 1978. Ten years later he became the first player to complete snooker's Triple Crown by winning the UK Championship, Masters, and World Championship in the same season.

Other websites 
 Steve Davis at snooker.org

1957 births
BBC people
Living people
British snooker players
English sports commentators
Sportspeople from London
The Alamo is a 1960 American historical-western epic movie about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. It was produced and directed by John Wayne. The movie starred Wayne as Davy Crockett.  The picture also stars Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie. The movie was filmed on location in Texas and released by United Artists. The long 3 hour and 12 minute movie (not counting intermission) was not historically accurate.

References

Other websites 
 The Alamo (1960), IMDb

1960s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
American epic movies
John Higgins (born 18 May 1975) is a Scottish professional snooker player. He has won the World Championship four times. He has also lost in the final four times.

In the modern snooker era only Stephen Hendry (7), Steve Davis (6), Ray Reardon (6) and Ronnie O'Sullivan (7) were more often world champion. 

John Higgins started his professional career in 1992. Because of a betting scandal in 2010, he was banned for six months, but successfully returned to the World Snooker Tour.

Other websites 
 John Higgins at snooker.org 

1975 births
Living people
British snooker players
Sportspeople from North Lanarkshire
Ray Reardon (born 8 October 1932) is a former Welsh snooker player who dominated his sport in the seventies of the 20th Century. He has won the World Championship six times. The former policeman and miner started his professional snooker career in 1967, which ended in 1992. As the world's best player, he was replaced by Steve Davis.

Other websites 
 Ray Reardon at World Snooker

1932 births
Living people
British snooker players
Welsh sportspeople
Eileen Heckart (March 29, 1919 – December 31, 2001) was an American movie, television and stage actress. She was born Anna Eileen Herbert. "Heckart" is the last name by which she was known for most of her life. 

On Broadway, she acted in The Bad Seed, Picnic, Barefoot in the Park, A Memory of Two Mondays and The Cemetery Club. In movies, she acted in The First Wives Club. She also appeared in the Clint Eastwood movie Heartbreak Ridge. On television, Heckart acted in Partners in Crime, Love Story and The Mary Tyler Moore Show.

Heckart was born in Columbus, Ohio. She died of lung cancer in Norwalk, Connecticut at age 82.

References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Columbus, Ohio
1919 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
The December 1969 nor'easter was a strong winter storm. It affected the Northeastern United States and Quebec. It included a tornado outbreak, record snow accumulations, a damaging ice storm, and flooding rains.

1969 in the United States
Disasters in the 1960s
Natural disasters in the United States
Natural disasters in Canada
1960s in Canada
Deadly storms
1960s in weather
Altenburg Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in Austria.  It was founded in 1144 by Countess Hildeburg of Poigen-Rebgau. It is located in Horn, near Sankt Pölten, in Lower Austria. The site is known for its Baroque architecture today.

Gallery

Other websites 

Altenburg Abbey website 

Buildings and structures in Austria
Churches in Austria
Lower Austria
Monasteries
1144 establishments
12th-century buildings and structures
The Bad Seed is a 1956 American horror movie. It has elements of film noir. This movie is based on the 1954 play of the same name.

Plot
On her piano, eight year old Rhoda Penmark (played by Patty McCormack) plays the French song "Au clair de la lune" while her father says his good-byes and goes on military duty. Rhoda is under the care of her mother Christine (Nancy Kelly). 

Rhoda begins as a well-behaved child. As the movie goes on, she becomes evil and sinister. She commits murder, steals and sets fires. 

A lightning bolt during a rainstorm kills Rhoda instantly.

Cast

 Nancy Kelly as Christine Penmark
 Patty McCormack as Rhoda Penmark
 Henry Jones as Leroy Jessup
 Eileen Heckart as Hortense Daigle
 Evelyn Varden as Monica Breedlove
 William Hopper as Col. Kenneth Penmark

 Paul Fix as Richard Bravo
 Jesse White as Emory Wages
 Gage Clarke as Reginald 'Reggie' Tasker
 Joan Croydon as Claudia Fern (as Joan Croyden)
 Frank Cady as Henry Daigle
Reception
This was one of Warner Bros. biggest movies of the year. It took in $4.1 million in the American box office. It was also popular in the British box office. 

The movie was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Actress, Best Actress in a Supporting Role and Best Cinematography.

Remakes
The Bad Seed was remade for television in 1985.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1950s horror movies
1950s psychological movies
1956 drama movies
American horror movies
Movies directed by Mervyn LeRoy
1950s American drama movies
Movies about child death
Patty McCormack (born Patricia Ellen Russo, August 21, 1945) is an American actress. She acts in theater, television and movies. She played eight year old sociopath and killer Rhoda Penmark in The Bad Seed. She also played Joanna Wilkes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

McCormack was born in Brooklyn, New York.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
Actors from Brooklyn
1945 births
Living people
A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure made from material that conducts electricity. It is used to block electric fields. The Faraday cage is named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, who invented it in 1836.

An electrical field outside the cage causes electric charges in the cage's conducting material to move around and cancel the field's effect inside the cage. It protects sensitive electronic equipment from external radio frequency interference (RFI). 

Faraday cages are also used to enclose devices that produce RFI, such as radio transmitters, to prevent their radio waves from interfering with other nearby equipment. They are also used to protect people and equipment against actual electric currents such as lightning strikes and electrostatic discharges. The enclosing cage conducts current round the outside of the enclosed space and none passes though the inside space.

Electricity
Ilam district () is a district in Nepal. It is in the Koshi Province. The population was 290,254 according to the census of 2011.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
Ilam ( ) is a municipality in the Ilam District of Nepal. It is in the hilly region of Mechi zone in eastern Nepal. It is the headquarters of Mechi Zone and Ilam district. Nepali is spoken there, and English is also spoken in some offices.

Related pages
Development Regions of Nepal
zones of Nepal

Cities in Nepal
Municipalities of Nepal
Panchthar district ( ) is a district in Nepal. It is in the Koshi Province.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
Phidim is a municipality of Nepal. It is in the Panchthar District of the Mechi Zone. This municipality was made on 18 May 2014 by merging Phidim, Chokmagu and Siwa villages.

Related pages
Development Regions of Nepal
zones of Nepal

References

Other websites
 Phidim Today, a news portal run by Phidimese youth  
 The Kathmandu Post: The Ferment in the eastern hills 
 How a peace corps volunteer boosted my morale  
 Somewhere above Phidim
 Phidim in pictures 

Cities in Nepal
Municipalities of Nepal
Arghakhanchi () is a district in Nepal. It is in the Lumbini Province. The district headquarters of this district is Sandhikharka.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

 
 Arghakhanchi.com news portal

Districts of Nepal
Sandhikharka () is a municipality in Nepal. It is the headquarters of Arghakhanchi District, in the Lumbini Zone of Nepal. On 18 May 2014, it was converted into a municipality by merging Sandhikharka, Bangla, Narapani, Khanchikot, Kimadada, Argha and Dibharna VDCs.

Related pages
Development Regions of Nepal
Zones of Nepal

References

Cities in Nepal
Municipalities of Nepal
Samsung Galaxy Note is a series of smartphones and tablet computers made by Samsung Electronics. They use Android as their operating system.

The models are mainly for pen computing. All Galaxy Note models come with a stylus pen. They have a Wacom digitizer that turns handwriting into text.

Samsung mobile phones
A phablet () is a type of mobile device designed to combine the format of smartphones and tablet computers. The name itself is a combination of the words phone and tablet.

Phablets have screens that measure diagonally . This size allows for activities such as mobile web browsing and watching videos.

References

Mobile phones

Smartphones
Elisabeta Polihroniade (24 April 1935 – 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player and journalist. She became a Woman Grandmaster in 1982. She was also an International Arbiter. She won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977. She was born in Bucharest.

Polihroniade died on 23 January 2016, aged 80.

References

Other websites

 Elisabeta Polihroniade chess games at 365Chess.com

1935 births
2016 deaths
Chess players
Romanian journalists
Sportspeople from Bucharest
Writers from Bucharest
Ian Barry Brickell  (26 October 1935 – 23 January 2016), better known as Barry Brickell, was a New Zealand potter and conservationist. He was the founder and builder of the Driving Creek Railway in the Coromandel Peninsula, a popular tourist attraction. He was born in New Plymouth and grew up in Auckland.

Brickell died on 23 January 2016, aged 80.

References

1935 births
2016 deaths
New Zealand artists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Potters
People from Auckland
James Warren "Jimmy" White (born 2 May 1962 in London) is an English professional snooker player. He is one of the most popular players 

Jimmy White is a six times World Championship finalist but lost the finale each time: 1984 against Steve Davis, 1990 against Stephen Hendry, 1991 against John Parrott and in the next three years still to Stephen Hendry.

Other websites
 Jimmy White at World Snooker

1962 births
Living people
British snooker players
Sportspeople from London
Baglung District ( ) is a district in Nepal. It is in the Gandaki Province. The district headquarters is Baglung. The district covers an area of . In 2011, it had a population of 268,613.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
Baitadi District ( ) is a district of Nepal. It is in the Sudurpashchim Province. Baitadi is the headquarters of this district.

Related pages
Zones of Nepal
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
Baitadi Khalanga or Baitadi is a town and the headquarters of the Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. According to the 1991 Nepal census it had total population of 5,352. There were 1,011 houses in the town. It shares an international border with Uttarakhand, India. The two are separated by the Mahakali River. This part of Nepal is less developed than the eastern part of the country.

Related pages
Development Regions of Nepal
zones of Nepal

References

Cities in Nepal
John Parrott (born 11 May 1964 in Liverpool) is an English former professional snooker player. He was twice in the finals of the World Snooker Championship. In 1989, he lost to Steve Davis, in 1991 he defeated Jimmy White.

Parrott started his professional career in 1989, in the 2010/11 season he lost his place in the world rankings. He is now a snooker commentator.

Other websites
 John Parrott Homepage 

1964 births
Living people
British snooker players
Sportspeople from Liverpool
James Stewart Bain (19 December 1947 – 23 January 2016) was a Scottish musician. He was best known as a bassist for the rock bands Rainbow and Dio with Ronnie James Dio. He also works with the Scorpions, John Cale, Gary Moore and wrote for Thin Lizzy frontman Phil Lynott. He was born in Newtonmore.

Bain died on 23 January 2016 while on the Def Leppard's "Hysteria on the High Seas" cruise from pneumonia caused by lung cancer at the age of 68.

References

1947 births
2016 deaths
British bass guitarists
British rock guitarists
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from lung cancer
Scottish rock musicians
People from Highland
Funen () is an island in Denmark. It covers an area of . It is the third-largest island in the country. The main city is Odense which is connected to the sea by a canal which is rarely used. 

There are bridges that carry roads and railways to and from Funen. The Great Belt Bridge links Funen to the island of Zealand in the east, while the Old Little Belt Bridge and New Little Belt Bridge link Funen to Jutland in the west.

Other websites 

Islands of Denmark
Baltic Sea
Region of Southern Denmark
The Kiel Canal is a waterway in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The canal connects the North Sea from the River Elbe to the Baltic Sea at Kiel. The Canal is about  long. The canal was first opened to traffic on 19 June 1895. It was then improved to allow the largest warships to pass through. The formal reopening of the improved canal was on June 24, 1914. The Kiel Canal is the busiest artificial waterway for seagoing ships worldwide. In 2014, 32,600 ships passed through the waterway.

References

Other websites 

 Kiel Canal 

Geography of Schleswig-Holstein
Canals in Germany
Kiel
École Centrale de Lyon is a graduate school in engineering in France. It is in a campus of the Écully (East of France).

Degrees 
Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Centralien de Lyon (Centralien Graduate engineer Master's degree level program)
 Masters  & PhD (doctorate studies)
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS).

Education and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different classes at École Centrale de Lyon.

Most of the 1500 engineering graduate students at École Centrale de Lyon live in residential buildings near the research labs on campus. These are also shared with 6,000 students from EMLYON Business School. The school is member of the French aerospace network France AEROTECH.

Notable graduates 
 Hervé Renaudeau, French aerospace engineer

References

Other websites 
 Official website
Technical colleges and universities in France
1857 establishments in Europe
Lyon
1850s establishments in France
Elections are held in Azerbaijan to elect the head of state (the president) and a legislature (the parliament).

The President of Azerbaijan is elected for a five-year term by the people; before a referendum by the people changed this in 2009, the position was limited to two terms.

The parliament of Azerbaijan, the National Assembly (Milli Məclis), has 125 members. Before 2005, 100 members were elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies and 25 members were elected by proportional representation. Since 2005 all 125 members are elected in single-seat constituencies. 

Azerbaijan is a one party dominant state. Opposition political parties beside the New Azerbaijan Party are allowed but are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.

On Sunday, 1 November 2015, the most recent parliamentary elections were held. On Wednesday, 9 October 2013, the most recent presidential election was held.

Latest elections

2013 Presidential election

2015 Parliamentary election
!Party
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
|-
|align=left|New Azerbaijan Party||1,340,770||47.20||69||–2
|-
|align=left|Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party||42,459||1.49||1||0
|-
|align=left|Civic Solidarity Party||37,561||1.32||2||–1
|-
|align=left|Great Order Party||34,156||1.20||1||0
|-
|align=left|Motherland Party||28,483||1.00||1||–1
|-
|align=left|Musavat||24,995||0.88||0||0
|-
|align=left|Azerbaijan Social Prosperity Party||22,003||0.77||1||0
|-
|align=left|Party for Democratic Reforms||21,044||0.74||1||0
|-
|align=left|Unity Party||15,070||0.53||1||+1
|-
|align=left|Party of Hope||14,815||0.52||0||–1
|-
|align=left|Civic Unity Party||13,548||0.48||1||0
|-
|align=left|Azerbaijan Democratic Enlightenment Party||13,279||0.47 ||1||+1
|-
|align=left|National Revival Movement Party||12,043||0.42||1||New
|-
|align=left|Classic Popular Front Party||11,671||0.41||0||0
|-
|align=left|Azerbaijan Communist Party||11,426||0.40||0||0
|-
|align=left|Social Democratic Party||11,288||0.40||1||+1
|-
|-
|align=left|Azerbaijan National Independence Party||10,526||0.37||0||0
|-
|align=left|Justice Party||6,507||0.23||0||–1
|-
|align=left|Azerbaijan People's Party||6,152||0.22||0||0
|-
|align=left|Citizen and Development Party||3,374||0.12||0||0
|-
|align=left|Democratic Azerbaijan World Party||3,230||0.11||0||0
|-
|align=left|Great Azerbaijan Party||2,807||0.10||0||0
|-
|align=left|Azerbaijan Democratic Party||2,746||0.10||0||0
|-
|align=left|AMDEP||481||0.02||0||New
|-
|align=left|Independents||1,150,413||40.50||43||–3
|-
|align=left|Invalidated||–||–||1||–
|-
|align=left|Invalid/blank votes||33,696||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|Total||2,874,543||100||125||0
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout|| || ||–||–
|-
|align=left colspan=5|Source: MSK
|}
2009 Constitutional referendum

Past elections

Presidential elections
 Azerbaijani presidential election, 2018

 Azerbaijani presidential election, 2013

 Azerbaijani presidential election, 2008

 Azerbaijani presidential election, 2003

 Azerbaijani presidential election, 1998

 Azerbaijani presidential election, 1993

 Azerbaijani presidential election, 1992

 Azerbaijani presidential election, 1991

Parliamentary elections
 Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2015

 Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2010

 Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2005

 Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 2000–2001

 Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 1995–1996

 Azerbaijani parliamentary election, 1990

Constitutional referendums
 Azerbaijani constitutional referendum, 2009

 Azerbaijani constitutional referendum, 2002

 Azerbaijani constitutional referendum, 1995

Other referendums

 Azerbaijani vote of confidence referendum, 1993

 Azerbaijani independence referendum, 1991

Other websites
 Voting
 Voting system
Related pages
Adam Carr's Election Archive
Azerbaijan – Parliamentary Elections, 2005 

Azerbaijan
Politics of Azerbaijan
Political history of Azerbaijan
Modern history of Azerbaijan
Events in Azerbaijan
Baltimore is a city in the state of Maryland in the United States.

Baltimore may also refer to:

Places

United States
 Baltimore, California, a former settlement
 Baltimore, Indiana, a now-extinct 19th-century town
 Baltimore, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus
 Baltimore, Tennessee
 Baltimore, Vermont
 Baltimore County, Maryland
 Baltimore Town, California, a former settlement
 Baltimore Township, Michigan

Canada
 Baltimore, Ontario, Township of Hamilton, Ontario

Ireland
 Baltimore, County Cork
 Baltimore (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
People
 George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), English politician and coloniser
 Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), English peer
 Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715)
 Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679–1715), English nobleman and politician
 Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751), British nobleman
 Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771), English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore
 Charli Baltimore (born 1974), American rapper/hip-hop artist
 David Baltimore (born 1938), American biologist and 1975 Nobel Prize laureate
 John Baltimore (born 1978), American conductor

Music
 Baltimore club, a genre of house and dance music
Sports
 Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland
 Baltimore Ravens, American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
 Baltimore Stallions, former Canadian Football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
 Baltimore Bullets, former name of Washington Wizards, National Basketball Association team

Related pages
Hei Hei is a suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. It is located in the west of Christchurch  from the centre of the city. State Highway 1 runs through it. The area was subdivided for poultry farming after World War I for the men returning from war, but the plan failed due to the poor soil conditions. The place name is a Māori word. It means noise, disturbance, storm, dust.

References

Christchurch
Dedham is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It is one of the oldest towns in the United States. It was started in the 1600s.

Other websites

Towns in Massachusetts
County seats in Massachusetts
1600s establishments in North America
17th-century establishments in Massachusetts
Josip Friščić (15 August 1949 – 23 January 2016) was a Croatian politician. He was a leader of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) from 17 December 2005 until 28 January 2012. He was also Vice President of Croatian Parliament from 2008 to 2011. He was born in Subotica Podravska near Rasinja, SFR Yugoslavia.

Friščić died from cancer on 23 January 2016 in Koprivnica, aged 66.

References

Other websites 

1949 births
2016 deaths
Croatian politicians
Deaths from cancer
The January 2016 United States blizzard was a severe winter weather event. The weather caused multiple states in the Mid-Atlantic to declare a state of emergency. The blizzard happened between January 20 and 25, 2016. 

On January 20–22 the governors of eleven states, plus the mayor of Washington, D.C., declared a state of emergency in expectation of significant snowfall and blizzard conditions. Approximately 85 million people were estimated to be in the storm's path. More than 33 million were under blizzard warnings. Over 10,000 flights were canceled because of the storm.

New York City was put under a travel ban on January 23. A snow emergency was declared for Washington, D.C. just before that.

Two to three feet of snow fell from Virginia to New England. Snow also fell in Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee.

The storm also caused tornadoes and hail from Louisiana to Florida

Thirty people died because of the blizzard.

The storm was also called Winter Storm Jonas by the Weather Channel.

References
References

Other websites

2016 disasters
2016 in the United States
2016 in weather
Historic blizzards in the United States
January 2016 events
Changchun () is the capital and largest city of the Jilin province of China. The name of the city means "Eternal Spring". In the year 1800, the Jiaqing Emperor set up a trading post in a small village to trade furs and other goods. This village later became Changchun Ting.

In 1898, Changchun got its first train station, which was built by the Russian Empire.

After Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931, the Japanese established the capital of the newly formed puppet state, Manchukuo, in Changchun. The Japanese renamed the city Shinkyō (kanji: 新京, meaning: New Capital), and it is here where the Japanese established the former Emperor Pu-yi as the Emperor of Manchukuo. During the Japanese occupation, the Japanese built much of the infrastructure that still stands today, including the Manchukuo Imperial Palace, the First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, the Palace of Geology, and several others.
On August 20, 1945, the Soviet Union's Soviet Red Army entered the city, captured Emperor Pu-yi, and drove the Japanese out. They stayed there until the Kuomintang drove them out in 1946. The KMT held the city until 1948, when it got overwhelmed by the communist PLA in 1948. During the Siege of Changchun, up to 80% of civilians starved to death.

The Chinese took down few of the Japanese buildings because they were already so well-built that the Chinese thought it would be a waste to tear them down. Nonetheless, the tumblers that Starbucks sells in Changchun feature the Changchun Railway Station out of all the other monuments in the city, due to the fact that it itself is not a Japanese-made building.

Changchun is also the heart of China's car-making business.

Cities in China
Capital cities in Asia
Jilin
Asghar Farhadi (, born 7 May 1972 Homāyūnshahr, Isfahan) is an Iranian movie director and screenwriter. For his work as a director, he has received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film among other awards. He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the world by Time magazine in 2012.

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning directors
1972 births
Living people
Iranian movie producers
Iranian movie directors
Iranian screenwriters
In music, a call and response is a series of two parts usually played or sung by different musicians.  The second part is heard as a comment about or an answer to what the first has sung. This mimics or makes fun of how people talk back and forth to each other. Call and response uses the simple musical form of a verse and then a chorus used in many cultures or traditions. These songs are usually energetic and fun to listen to.

Popular music
Call and response singing is common in modern Western popular music. This is because of the influence of African music.  Some cross-over rhythm and blues, jazz, soul, rock 'n' roll and rock music have a call and response style, as well.
One of the best known is the song "Ooh Poo Pah Doo", written and first recorded by Jessie Hill. The song is said to be "a nonsensical yet rollicking call-and-response workout that perfectly captures the energy of French Quarter life", by a reviewer for Allmusic. The song is so popular, it has over 100 cover versions recorded and performed live over the years by other popular musicians.

Other popular examples are The Who's song "My Generation, from the album of the same name", and "Black Dog" by Led Zeppelin.

Folk music
Call and response is common in folk and choral singing of many people, especially in African musical cultures. In the West, it is most often seen in African-American work songs, military marches, and  Québecois folk songs. The style is also used in dance-songs of various European countries including France (particularly Brittany) and the Faroe Islands.

In Cuban music and other latin music genres such as salsa, call and response between the lead singer and the chorus is called coro-pregón.
Example 
A singer makes a musical statement, and then the musical chorus answers together. American bluesman Muddy Waters uses call and response in one of his best known songs, "Mannish Boy". The entire song is almost entirely leader/chorus call and response.

 CALL: Waters' vocal: "Now when I was a young boy"
 RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)
 CALL: Waters': "At the age of 5"
 RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)

Related pages 
 Origins of the blues
 Polyrhythm
 Samba
 Afro-Haitian
 Rhythm game

References

Other websites 
 Call and Response:  Phrasing Ideas for Creating Memorable Guitar Solos
Gospel Music History  - Gospel Music Encyclopedia citing the origins of the different types of call and response and different gospel music style

Musical terminology
Music genres
Syed Muhammad Usman Marwandi (1149–1299), better-known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar , was a Sufi poet from Afghanistan.<ref>Sarah Ansari (1971) Sufi Saints and Pirs of Sindh, 1843–1947. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1971, p 87, 88, 89</ref>  He belonged to the Suhrawardi order of Sufis. He shifted from Afghanistan and went and settled in Sindh area of India (now in Pakistan).  His shrine in Sehwan Sharif'', Sindh,Pakistan, is still visited by many people.

References

1149 births
1299 deaths
Asian Sufis
Afghan poets
Ninh Bình () is a province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta region of the northern part of the country. Ninh Bình has a very short coastline on the Gulf of Tonkin. The population is 898,500 people. Ninh Bình province covers a total area of . The province is known for its limestone caves and grottos (manmade caves). Ninh Binh was the first imperial capital of Vietnam from 968 to 1010 under the Đinh, Lê and Lý dynasties.

Gallery

References 

Provinces of Vietnam
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach or VT) is a type of tachycardia (a fast heart rate).  The heart has four chambers (closed spaces).  The top two are called the atria, and the bottom two are called the ventricles.  When the heart is working normally, electrical signals in the heart tell the to atria squeeze first.  However, in ventricular tachycardia, the ventricles squeeze first.  This happens because the electrical signals that tell the atria to squeeze first are not working.

Ventricular tachycardia is a medical emergency.  First of all, if the heart is beating too fast, it does not have time to refill with blood between beats.  This means that the heart will not be able to squeeze out enough blood to the rest of the body.  Most people in ventricular tachycardia have a heart rate of at least 170 beats per minute.  This is very fast.  (A normal heart rate is 60-100.)
Ventricular tachycardia can also cause low blood pressure.  If the blood pressure gets low enough, important parts of the body, like the brain, will not get enough blood and oxygen to survive.

Ventricular tachycardia can also lead to ventricular fibrillation, asystole (where the heart stops beating), and sudden death.

Symptoms
The most common symptoms of ventricular tachycardia are feeling dizzy, having palpitations (feeling the heart pounding inside the chest), having trouble breathing, or chest pain.  Some people with ventricular tachycardia do not have any symptoms, especially if the V-tach lasts for only a few seconds.  

When a person's heart rate is very high, or the ventricular tachycardia lasts for more than a few seconds, the person may faint or become unconscious because their brain is not getting enough blood and oxygen.  In the worst cases, their heart may stop, or they may die.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis

A doctor can diagnose ventricular tachycardia by doing an electrocardiogram (also called an ECG or an EKG).  This is a test that shows the electrical activity in the heart.  The doctor will be able to see that the electrical signals that tell the atria to squeeze first are not working.

Treatment
Ventricular tachycardia can be treated in a few different ways.  Treatment depends on whether the patient still has a pulse.  If the patient is in pulseless ventricular tachycardia, their heart is beating so fast that it cannot squeeze out any blood.

Cardioversion
If a person still has a pulse, ventricular tachycardia can usually be stopped through cardioversion.  Cardioversion means using medication or an electric shock to make the heart start beating normally again.

Defibrillation
If a person has pulseless ventricular tachycardia, they need to be shocked with a defibrillator.
Two different types of defibrillators can be used.  An external defibrillator is a machine that delivers a shock through two sticky pads that are placed on the person's chest.  

However, some people who have already been diagnosed with V-tach have surgery to put a defibrillator inside their chest.  This is called an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).  This type of defibrillator shocks the heart automatically when it goes into V-tach.

First aid
If a person goes into pulseless ventricular tachycardia, first aid can be helpful.  9-1-1 or the local emergency telephone number should be called immediately.  Then - like in any situation where a person suddenly becomes unconscious and has no pulse - cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started right away.  An emergency medical dispatcher can help explain how to do CPR until an ambulance gets there.
Causes
Ventricular tachycardia can be caused by many different things.  The most common cause is ischemic heart disease (heart disease that causes the heart to not get enough oxygen).

Ventricular tachycardia can also be caused by other problems, like:
 Cardiomyopathies (diseases that affect the heart muscle)
 Diseases like sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis that can affect the whole body, if they attack the heart muscle
 Problems with electrolytes, like not having enough potassium, calcium, or magnesium
 Illegal drugs like methamphetamine or cocaine
 Certain kinds of medications

Sometimes doctors cannot find a cause for ventricular tachycardia.  This is called idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.

Prognosis
Ventricular tachycardia causes most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States.  It causes about 300,000 deaths every year.
The chance of sudden death is highest for people who:
 Have ischemic cardiomyopathy (their heart muscle was damaged by not getting enough oxygen); and
 Have ventricular tachycardia that comes and goes

The chance of sudden death is lowest for people with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.

Even for high-risk people, treatment with medications like beta blockers can help.  So can implantable cardio-defibrillators.

Related pages
 Cardiac arrhythmia
 Tachycardia

References

Cardiology
Heart disease
Medical emergencies
The January 2016 East Asia cold wave was a cold weather system that covered East Asia. Eighty-five people from Taiwan died due to the cold temperatures. There were six deaths in Japan from the winter storms. Four people in China died from gas poisoning.

2016 disasters
2016 in Asia
2016 in weather
2010s disasters in Asia
East Asia
January 2016 events

Deadly storms
Mass Effect 2 is a video game for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. It is made by Electronic Arts. It is the sequel to Mass Effect and comes before Mass Effect 3. It is an action role-playing game. It is a third-person shooter game.

Gameplay
Save data from the first game can be used to influence choices made in this game.

Reception
The game was critically acclaimed.

Other websites
 

2010 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Electronic Arts video games
Video game sequels
Dragon and Phoenix is the second book in the Dragonlords series written by Joanne Bertin. It is a story of how Linden Rathan and his soultwin, Maurynna Kyrissaean, lead a party to rescue a dragon from the Jehanglan empire.

Books by Joanne Bertin
Romance novels
1999 books
The Bard's Oath is the third book in the Dragonlords series written by Joanne Bertin. It starts as two stories that merge in the middle of the book. One story is about Raven Redhawkson and why he is at the Balyaranna Fair (a horse festival). The other story is about Bard Leet and his plot for revenge over the death of a family member.

References 

Books by Joanne Bertin
Romance novels
2012 books
Aristide von Bienefeldt (24 October 1959 – 16 January 2016) was a Dutch writer. He wrote about gay rights and marriage equality. His first novel - Bekentenissen van een Stamhouder ("Confessions of a Son and Heir") got positive reviews by the Dutch and the Flemish press because of its homosexual passages.

Von Bienefeldt died in The Hague, Netherlands at the age of 56.

References

Other websites
 von Bienefeldt's website

1959 births
2016 deaths
Dutch LGBT people
Gay men
LGBT novelists
Writers from Rotterdam
William Young Smith (August 13, 1925 – January 19, 2016) was an American military official. He was a United States Air Force four-star general. He was Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE) from 1979 to 1981 and as Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR) from 1981 until his retirement from military service in 1983.

Smith died in Falls Church, Virginia from congestive heart failure at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 William Y. Smith biography 

1925 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Military people from Arkansas
People from Hot Springs, Arkansas
Cecil Edward Parkinson, Baron Parkinson, PC (1 September 1931 – 22 January 2016) was a British Conservative politician and cabinet minister.

Early life
Parkinson was born in Carnforth, Lancashire on 1 September 1931. He studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Parkinson married Anne Jarvis in 1957. It would last until his death in 2016.

Career
He entered Parliament in 1970 and was appointed a minister in 1979. In 1983, he became Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, but was forced to resign after revelations that his former secretary, Sara Keays, was pregnant with his child, which she later bore and named Flora Keays.

Parkinson later served as Secretary of State for Energy, and later Transport. He resigned that office in 1990, on the same day that Margaret Thatcher resigned.  He was created Baron Parkinson in 1992 and served in the House of Lords until his retirement in September 2015.

Death
Parkinson died of cancer on 22 January 2016 at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife and four children.
References

Other websites
 Cecil Parkinson's career 

1931 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Politicians from Lancashire
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
Colin Vearncombe (26 May 1962 − 26 January 2016), known by his stage name Black, was an English singer-songwriter. He started his career in the punk rock music scene and went on to become a pop success in the late 1980s. He was known for the international hit single "Wonderful Life" in 1987. He was born in Liverpool.

Death
On 12 January 2016, he was in a serious car accident in Ireland and placed in a medically-induced coma after sustaining serious head injuries. Vearncombe died from his injuries at the intensive care unit of Cork University Hospital in Cork on 26 January 2016 at the age of 53. Vearncombe was survived by his wife and three children.

References

Other websites
Official site
Single Black Spot 
Colinvearncombe.nl - Fansite 

1962 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths
Irish singer-songwriters
Singers from Liverpool
Musicians from Liverpool
Writers from Liverpool
Deaths from head injury
New wave singers
Kalpana Ranjani (13 October 1966 – 25 January 2016), known mononymously as Kalpana, was an Indian actress.  Kalpana has acted in over 300 movies in many South Indian languages. She was born in Kerala, India.

She started off her career as a child artist in the late 1970s. She was known for being in many comedy movies. At the 60th National Film Awards, she won the award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Thanichalla Njan (2012).

Kalpana died of a heart attack in Hyderabad, India on 25 January 2016 at the age of 49.

References

Other websites
 
 En.msidb.org

1966 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian movie actors
Actors from Kerala
Indian child actors
Lieutenant Colonel Alastair Edward Henry Worsley MBE (4 October 1960 – 24 January 2016) was a British explorer and British Army officer. He was part of the successful 2009 expedition that followed Ernest Shackleton and Robert Falcon Scott's footsteps in the Antarctic. He was born in London.

Worsley was a soldier in the British Army for 36 years. On 12 October 1993, Worsley was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) "in recognition of distinguished service in Northern Ireland".

Worsley died while on a trip in Punta Arenas, Chile from multiple organ failure caused by surgery on 24 January 2016 at the age of 55.

References

1960 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from multiple organ failure
British military people
British explorers
People from London
The Mexican Cession of 1848 refers to the lands ceded or surrendered to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican–American War. The territory became the states of California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona. It was agreed to in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which formally ended the war (1847–1848) between Mexico and the United States. The treaty was signed on 2 February 1848. The Cession added  of territory to the southwestern United States. It also contributed to the United States emerging as a world power in the late the 19th century.

References 

1840s in Mexico
1840s in the United States
1840s treaties
1848
Forouzan  (; 9 August 1937 – 24 January 2016) was an Iranian actress, producer, and dubbing artist. She started her career by voice dubbing. In 1964 she starred in Siamak Yasemi's "Sahel-e Entezar" but this was "Ganj-e Qarun", another movie by Yasemi that made her very famous. Her career came to an end because of the Iranian revolution of 1979.

Forouzan died in Tehran, Iran on 24 January 2016 at the age of 78.

Forouzan was popular also among the young Persians who were born after 1979 revolution.

References

Other websites
Forouzan in IMDb

1937 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Tehran
Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (23 December 1920 – 26 January 2016) was a high-profile Pakistani figure and high-ranking general. He was the most senior figure in military and government assignments in the Pakistan Government. He was born in Rampur, India.

He was an important figure in Pakistan that related to international affairs for thirty years. He served as the foreign minister under President General Zia-ul-Haq from 1982 to 1991 and as the caretaker foreign minister from 1996 to 1997. He also served as the Pakistan Ambassador of the United States serving from 1973 though 1979.

Khan died in Islamabad on 26 January 2016 at the age of 95.

Other websites

Yaqub Khan – the man who reinvented himself by Khaled Ahmed (The Friday Times) 
SYK: The Man With Qualities Short biographical article by S. Abbas Raza
Biographical article by M. Zafar in Defence Journal 
MAJOR-GENERAL SAHABZADA MOHD YAQUB KHAN (PA 136) 

1920 births
2016 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Pakistani generals
Chikungunya (pronounced "chicken-GUN-yer") is an infection caused by the chikungunya virus.  It can cause joint pains that can last for weeks, months, or sometimes even years.  About 1 in every 1000 people who gets chikungunya dies.  People who are elderly or have other medical problems are most likely to die or get very sick from chikungunya.

Chikungunya is spread to humans by two species of mosquito: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti.  These mosquitoes carry the infection to humans after biting monkeys, birds, cattle, or rodents who have chikungunya.  Since 2004, there have been outbreaks (where many people get chikungunya) in Asia, Europe, and The Americas.

There is no known treatment or cure for chikungunya.

Signs and symptoms
It can take one to twelve days for a person to get sick after they get the chikungunya virus.  (This period of time is called the virus's incubation period.)  Usually, people get sick in three to seven days.  Most people who get the virus (72% to 97%) get symptoms.
Chikungunya has an acute phase, which lasts a short time, and a chronic phase, which can last weeks, months, or years.

Acute phase
The acute phase usually begins with a sudden high fever that can last up to ten days.  The fever is usually above 39 °C (102 °F), and can sometimes get as high as 40 °C (104 °F).  About half of people with chikungunya get a rash, usually about two to five days after symptoms start.  Some people also have gastrointestinal symptoms, like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.  In rare cases, people may get conjunctivitis or other problems with their eyes.

The body starts to fight the virus after about a week by sending out immunoglobulin M (IgM), which attacks the virus.  After this, most of the symptoms usually start to get better.  However, people often keep having some symptoms for about another week, like headache, insomnia (trouble sleeping), and exhaustion.  After these symptoms end, the acute phase of chikungunya is usually over.
Chronic phase
In chikungunya's chronic phase, almost everyone with the virus (87% - 98%) gets very bad joint pain or stiffness.  This usually lasts for weeks or months.  However, it can last for years.  The joint pain can be so bad that a person cannot move the joints that hurt.  The pain almost always happens in more than one joint.  Usually, people have pain in the joints in their arms and legs, on both sides.  These may include the joints in the wrists, ankles, hands, feet, shoulders, elbows, and knees.  The virus can also cause pain in the muscles or ligaments.