Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A sea captain, also known as a skipper, is the leader on a ship.  They are responsible for the safety of everyone on board.  If the ship is in trouble, most captains will not leave unless everyone is safe.

Related pages
Captain

Ships
The brainstem is the rear part of the brain. It has two sections: the hindbrain, which includes the pons and medula, and the midbrain.

Though the brainstem is small, it is extremely important. The motor (movement) and sensory connections from the main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brain stem. Also, from the brainstem come the main motor and sensory nerves to the face and neck. These nerves are called the cranial nerves. The brainstem controls many bodily functions of which we are not normally aware, such as breathing, heart beat, and sweating. The brainstem controls functions which are unconscious, but necessary for life. 

The hindbrain consists of the pons, and the medulla oblongata; which is an extension of the spinal cord.  It connects the other parts of the brain (the cerebrum and cerebellum) to the spinal cord. Its neurons are the control centre of bodily functions, such as breathing and blood pressure.
Functions of the brainstem 
Conduction All information going between the body and the cerebellum and the cerebrum must go through the brainstem.
Nerves Cranial nerves 3–12 emerge from the brainstem. There are motor neurons in the brainstem that allow movement in the face, including speech and swallowing. 
Integration It is involved in cardiovascular system control, respiratory control, pain sensitivity control, alertness, awareness, and consciousness. Thus, brainstem damage is a serious and often life-threatening problem.

Anatomy of the brain
An ideology is a collection of ideas or beliefs shared by a group of people. It may be a connected set of  ideas, or a style of thought, or a world-view. It was coined by a French philosopher, Destutt de Tracy in 1801/5.

There are two main types of ideologies: political ideologies, and epistemological ideologies. Political ideologies are sets of ethical ideas about how a country should be run. Epistemological ideologies are sets of ideas about the philosophy, the Universe, and how people should make decisions.

There are many different types of ideologies. Communism, socialism, and capitalism are  political/economical ideologies.
Many political parties base their political action and program on an ideology. In social studies, a political ideology is a certain ethical set of values, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, or class which explains how society should work. It offers a political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some parties follow a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them.

Political ideologies have two dimensions:
 Goals: how society should work (or be arranged).
 Methods: the most appropriate ways to achieve the ideal arrangement.
An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy, theocracy, etc.), and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism, socialism, etc.). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, "socialism" may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system.

Ideologies also identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the center or the right), though this is very often controversial. Finally, ideologies can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism) and from single issues that a party may be built around (e.g. legalization of marijuana). 

Today, many commentators claim that we are living in a post-ideological age, in which redemptive, all-encompassing ideologies have failed. This is often associated with Francis Fukuyama's writings on "the end of history".
References

Philosophy
Sociology
Political ideologies
This is an article about the colour mauve. For information on the Flemish painter, see Anton Mauve.

Mauve (pronounce to rhyme with "Jove" and "stove") is a pale purple colour.  It is similar to lavender and lilac.  The name comes from French form of malva meaning the "mallow" flower. 

Another name for this color is mallow.

The first recorded use of mallow as a colour name in English was in 1611.  

In 1856, an eighteen year old Chemist William Henry Perkin was trying to make artificial quinine. An unexpected residue caught his eye. It turned out to be the first aniline dye, mauveine.

Meaning of mauve 

 Mauve became very popular in the 1890s.  This decade was sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkin's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion.
Tones of mauve colour comparison chart
 Almost Mauve (Pantone TPX 12-2103) (Hex: #EBE1DF) (RGB: 235, 225, 223)
 Mauve Morn (Pantone TPX 12-2102) (Hex: #EBDBDB) (RGB: 235, 219, 219)
 Mauve Chalk (Pantone TPX 12-2902) (Hex: #E4D3D2) (RGB: 228, 211, 210)
 Mauvette (Plochere) (Mauve Pink) (Hex: #E8CCD7) (RGB: 232, 204, 215)
 Deep Mauve Pink (Hex: #DE4BEB) (RGB: 228, 190, 235)
 Pale Lilac (Light Mauve) (Hex: #DCD0FF) (RGB: 220, 208, 255)
 MAUVE (Mallow)  (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #E0B0FF) (RGB: 224, 176, 255) 
 Rich Mauve (Mauve (Crayola colored pencils)) (Hex: #E285FF) (RGB: 226, 133, 255)
 French Mauve (Deep Mauve) (Mauve (Pourpre.com)) (Hex: #D473D4) (RGB: 212, 115, 212)
 Medium Mauve (Mauve (ISCC-NBS)) (Hex: #D399E6) (RGB: 211, 153, 230)
 Bright Mallow Pink (Hex: #D498CB) (RGB: 212, 152, 203)
 Mallow Pink (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #D597AE) (RGB: 213, 151, 174)
 Mauvelous (Crayola) (Hex: #EF98AA) (RGB: 239, 152, 170)
Bright Mauve Glow (Mauve Glow (Pantone TPX 16-1617)) (Hex: #D0868E) (RGB: 208, 134, 142)
 Moonlite Mauve (Pantone TPX 16-2614) (Hex: #D290B5) (RGB: 210, 144, 181)
 Bright Opera Mauve (Opera Mauve (Pantone TPX 16-3116)) (Hex: #CD81B8) (RGB: 205, 129, 184)
 Opera Mauve (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #CA82AF) (RGB: 202, 130, 175)
 Pale Mauve (Pantone TPX 15-1607) (Hex: #CFA4A4) (RGB: 197, 164, 164)
 Bright Mauve Mist (Mauve Mist (Pantone TPX 15-2307)) (Hex: #C49FBA) (RGB: 196, 159, 186)
 Mauve Mist (Plochere) (Hex: #C3A6B1) (RGB: 195, 166, 177)
 Mauve Shadows (Pantone TPX 16-3205) (Hex: #B89CA9) (RGB: 184, 156, 169)
 Deauville Mauve (Pantone TPX 16-1707) (Hex: #AD9194) (RGB: 173, 145, 148)
 Mauve Glow (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #AD8884) (RGB: 173, 160, 132)
 Dull Mauve (Mauve (Pantone 4154C)) (Hex: #A17E9A) (RGB: 161, 126, 154)
 Rocket Metallic (Resene color list) (Hex: #8A7F8D) (RGB: 138, 127, 141)
 Mountbatten Pink (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #997A8D) (RGB: 154, 122, 141)
Mauve Orchid (Pantone TPX 16-2111) (Hex: #B37E9A) (RGB: 179, 126, 154)
 Orchid Mauve (ISCC-NBS #251) (Hex: #C17E91) (RGB: 193, 126, 145)
 Mauvewood (Pantone TPX 17-1522) (Hex: #AB5C6D) (RGB: 171, 92, 109)
 Mallow Purple (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #A8516E) (RGB: 168, 81, 110)
 Vietnamese Mauve (Hex: #993366) (RGB: 153, 51, 102)
 Dahlia Mauve (Pantone TPX 17-2617) (Hex: #A85387) (RGB: 168, 83, 135)
 Meadow Mauve (Pantone TPX 18-3230) (Hex: #A55790) (RGB: 165, 87, 144)
 Mellow Mauve (Pantone TPX 17-1612) (Hex: #99637B) (RGB: 153, 99, 123)
 Mauve Taupe (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #915F6D) (RGB: 145, 95, 109)
 Wistful Mauve (Pantone TPX 17-1511) (Hex: #976F7B) (RGB: 151, 111, 123)
 Twilight Mauve (Pantone TPX 18-1807) (Hex: #896F73) (RGB: 137, 111, 115)
 Old Mauve (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #673147) (RGB: 103, 49, 71)
 Mauve Wine (Pantone TPX 18-1807) (Hex: #5D3B4C) (RGB: 93, 59, 76)
The Iran–Iraq War was a war between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988. It began when Iraq invaded Iran on 22 September 1980, after a long history of border disputes and after Iran demanded the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. Iraqi forces did well at the beginning of the war, taking Iranian Khuzestan province, but they were stopped and forced out of Iran before long. The war continued for years, and neither side gained much ground in the resulting trench warfare. About a million soldiers died, and a similar number of civilians. Both sides used blockade, which other countries opposed. Despite several calls for an end to the fighting by the United Nations Security Council, the two countries fought until 20 August 1988; the last prisoners of war were exchanged in 2003. The war changed politics in the Middle East and worldwide.
After the war started (especially between 1983 and 1988), the United States sold weapons to the Iraqis. This move was mainly due to America's interest in containing the revolutionary Ayatollah Khomeini. Thus, both the Soviet Union and the United States supplied Iraq with weapons against Iran. The United States had sold many weapons to Iran before the war. It was believed the Soviet Union was selling weapons to both sides during the war.

Background

Situation in Iraq
Ba'ath ideology and Iraqi demographics
In the middle of the 20th century, the Ba'ath parties were ruling both in Syria and Iraq. The ideology behind Ba'athism is to unite the Arab regions and create a Pan-Arab state. The ideology is also oriented towards socialism. Although the Ba'ath ideology has nationalist roots and is not related to religion, Ba'ath leaders and politicians have often used religious outlets to gain popularity and support of the people. Although the Pan-Arab nationalism worked out in other Arab countries such as Egypt, this was a difficult case in Iraq. The reason for this, is the diversity of the Iraqi population. Because of the Sunni - Shi'a and Arab-Kurd divide, Iraq is seen as one of the most difficult countries to govern. It was especially difficult, as the Ba'ath party was dominantly Sunni, whereas the population of Iraq, the origin place of Shia Islam, is dominantly Shia (55%). The president of Iraq at the time, was Saddam Hussein, who took most of the power in his own hands and strived for strong Arab leadership
. His ambitions to take the lead in the Arab world were also a key element for his later attack on Iran.
The Shatt al-Arab waterway, bordering Iraq and Iran, is crucial to Iraq, because it is its only major outlet to the sea. The waterway is controlled by Iraq and has been a source of tension between the states long before the Iranian revolution. The main reason for tension around this waterway has been its function as a border. Because of this, it has been an issue between the Ottomans and Iran. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the waterway was controlled by Iraq. However, in 1969 Shah Reza refused to pay fees for Iranian ships passing the waterway. He also started backing up Kurdish separatists groups in Northern Iraq. To stop the support of Iran to the Kurds, Saddam signed the Algiers agreement in 1975. Iran stopped supporting the Kurds, and the border was placed in the middle of the waterway. One of the reasons, according to Saddam himself, for being pressured to sign this agreement was the military advancement of Iran during the rule of the Shah
. Saddam withdrew the agreement several days before invading Iran, in September 1980, drawing upon the importance of the waterway. Before and during the war, Saddam was vocal about the right of Iraq to Shatt al-Arab as well as Khuzestan, the bordering Iranian region that is mainly inhabited by Iranian Arabs.
Threat of the Iranian revolution 
The Pan-Islamic nature of the new Iranian state was in contrast with the Arab nationalist context of Iraq. After the establishment of the Islamic Republic in Iran, the secular yet authoritarian rule of Hussein felt threatened. A large Persian state posed a threat against the Pan-Arab ideology of Hussein. The Shia Muslims in Iraq were already posing a threat to Saddam by protesting and mobilizing against the Ba'ath regime. This only became worse after the Iranian revolutionaries called upon Iraqis also to initiate a revolution. Other than these political threats, Iraq was in a more fragile position geographically.

Situation in Iran
The Iranian revolution
In Iran, the Pahlavi dynasty had been ruling since 1925, after the overthrow of the Qajar dynasty. The Pahlavi empire aimed to create a westernised and progressive Iranian state. The second and last monarch, Shah Mohammed Reza, started implementing bolder reforms that affected citizens' daily lives. As a reaction, opposition from all parts of society began growing. Especially clergymen were encouraging the people to stand up against westernization and strive for an Islamic state ruled by Islamic jurists. Khomeini was one of the leading clerics during the period of political tension. In 1977, these tensions led to large-scale demonstrations and eventually the exile of the Shah. In 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran was officially established, headed by Ayatollah Khomeini. This sudden turn of events in Iran came as a surprise to most countries. The rise of a shia power caused concerns in several surrounding countries. Especially in Iraq, where the Shia majority was ruled by the Sunni minority
. It was not only the rise to power of clerics that was concerning. Khomeini and his counterparts were also vocal about their desires to create islIslamicates in the surrounding Muslim majority countries. The ultimate goal was to create a united Pan-Islamic state under Khomeini's rule.
Military power
Shah Mohammed Reza had invested a lot into the modernization of the Iranian army. He was fully backed by the United States, as they supported the anti-communist stance of Iran and saw this as an opportunity to have a state that supported US interests in that region. Thus, the Shah expanded navy, air and ground forces with modern weapons and imported western trainers for the army. For this reason, Iran became more capable than Iraq, also taking into account the army officers that were almost twice as many in Iraq. However, the revolution changed this military upper hand drastically. The revolutionaries did not understand the need for extensive arming supplies and did not want to be the policeman of the US. Therefore, Khomeini and his reign immediately canceled military contracts and sent away the western trainers. Because of the sudden regime change, the morale of the officers also lowered significantly, according to Iraqi intelligence at the time
. A parallel military force was created by Khomeini, as the previous officers were in danger of a potential counter-revolution. These factors caused Iran to remain with a limited military force.
The war

Iraqi invasion

Start of the invasion 
Iraq invaded Iran on September 22, 1980. Hussein was confident that the invasion would move swiftly, as the Iraqi army was well-equipped thanks to Saddam's investments in the military. Hussein also believed in a quick win due to intelligence reports stating that the Iranian army had been ineffective after the Iranian Revolution. It would later become clear that this invasion would benefit Khomeini by allowing him to eliminate his opposes and uniting his nation for national defense At the center of Iraq's objectives was the annexation of the East Bank of the Shaat Al-Arab waterway which had been the site of numerous border skirmishes between the two countries going back to the late 1960s. The president of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, also wanted to annex the Iranian province of Khuzestan, substantially populated by Iranian Arabs.
Offensive battles
Iraq mobilized many aircraft to carry out air strikes on 15 cities and air bases in Iran, including the capital Tehran. Beginning in March 1982, Iranian forces shifted to the counter-offensive. On 29 June 1982, Iraq announced that it had withdrawn its forces from the occupied Iranian territory and the border between the two countries was restored to its pre-war status. Iranian defenses are focused on the northern front to block the main routes and delay the Iraqi army's advance. Iran blocked the momentum of the Iraqi offensive and gradually seized the initiative in the war. In September 1981, Iran launched a major counteroffensive. At the end of September, the Iraqi siege of Abadan was lifted with the launch of a major Abadan counter-offensive. On April 20, Iran again concentrated the forces of nearly three divisions, and a large number of revolutionary Guards, about 100,000, launched the "Jerusalem Al-Quds Operation" offensive to recover the city of Khorramshahr
. After 25 days of fierce fighting, the city of Khorramshahr, an important port city in the south, was finally recaptured. On 10 June, Iraq proposed and unilaterally implemented a cease-fire, announced that it recognized the continued validity of the Algiers Agreement signed by the two countries in 1975, and was ready to negotiate with Iran based on the recognition of Iraq's fundamental rights.
1988 was the year when the Iran–Iraq War took a turning point. Between February and April, the two sides used hundreds of missiles to strike each other's towns, unleashing a "city assault" on an unprecedented scale.

Aftermath

End of the war 
The War lasted for seven years and 11 months (from September 2, 1980, to August 20, 1988, and successively experienced four strategic stages: Iraq's attack, Iran's counter-attack, Iran-Iraq stalemate, and Iraq's counter-attack. The two sides are inflexible and demanding too high a price for a truce. And Iran planned to use up the entire country's resources to participate in there, their insistence on playing the long encouraged by its vast population and religious fanaticism.
The Iran–Iraq War was one of the longest wars of the 20th century. It was a veritable war of attrition, a pyrrhic war with no victor. Before the war, Iraq had foreign exchange reserves of us $37 billion. At the end of the war, its foreign debt was over US$70 billion, of which over US$40 billion was arms debt owed to western countries and the Soviet Union, and the ver US$30 billion was loans owed to other Arab countries.
Iraq suffered 180,000 deaths, 250,000 injuries, and $350 billion in direct losses (including military expenditures, war damage, and economic losses). Iran also owes $45 billion in foreign debt, has 350,000 deaths and more than 700,000 injuries, and 200,000 women in Tehran alone have lost their husbands; Direct losses of $300 billion. The war has set back the economic development plans of both countries by at least 20 to 30 years. The battle took a heavy toll on both countries, halting economic growth, plummeting oil exports, and killing millions. As a result, Iraq has also been saddled with a large debt, amounting to $14 billion for Kuwait alone. That was one of the reasons Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait.

At the end of the war, the national border between the two countries was restored to the pre-war situation.
Postwar situation 
The mediation of the international community failed several times. Iran and Iraq did not accept the mediation of the United Nations until July 1988, and the formal armistice ended in August. From the perspective of international factors, the US and the Soviet Union's interference doomed the war to be inconclusive and protracted from the beginning, which restricted meaningful outcomes and caused unjustifiable long-lasting social and political problems.
The United States and the Soviet Union happened to have a similar position on the Iran–Iraq War: they both adopted the policy of neutrality and balance of power and tried to maintain the balance of power on both sides. They both wooed and suppressed Iran, but there were differences in tactics. Both Iraq and Iran are located in the Gulf region, which is extremely important in the global strategy of the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the United States and the Soviet Union declared neutral and not directly involved in the Gulf region, they grouped up with their allies. They took advantage of the opportunity of the war to step up the competition in the Gulf region and squeeze out each other for their own national benefit.
Other Facts 
The Iran–Iraq War is an international interpretation of this war, and it has various titles depending on the country. It is known, in Iran, as "the Iraqi Invasion", "the Holy War of Resistance", and "the Iranian Revolutionary War". In Iraq, it is known as "Saddam Hussein's Qadisyah". Essentially, the war was an eight-year direct military conflict between Iran and Iraq.

When both countries were stuck in progress on the battlefield, they decided to sabotage supply convoys of each hander. Many ships from other countries suffered casualties. As the Iran-Iraq ship attack affected the interests of non-belligerent countries, Kuwait, in November and December, 1986, the United States, the Soviet Union, China, France, and the United Kingdom, the five permanent members of the United Nations, proposed to charter ships and escort requirements.
Both Iraq and Iran suffered heavy losses in the war. In addition to conventional warfares, they paid extra effort to destroy the enemy's logistics and economic facilities by attacking cities, ships, and oil fields. Records also reported that chemical weapons were utilized against civilians.

Related pages
 Persian Gulf
 Gulf War

References 

1980s in Iran
Wars involving Iraq
20th century in Iraq
1980 in Asia
1981 in Asia
1983 in Asia
1984 in Asia
1985 in Asia
1986 in Asia
1988 in Asia
1980s conflicts
Germ may refer to:

 Microorganism, especially a pathogen
 Germ theory of disease
 Germ cell, an ovum or sperm, or one of its progenitors
Lavender, a popular color, is a light tone of violet.

The name comes from the flower of the lavender plant.  Originally, the name lavender only meant the color of this flower.  The color of the flower is still the standard for lavender but there are many other tones of light or medium violet now called lavender also.

The color of the flower can also be called floral lavender.  Other shades of lavender can range in hue from pinkish purple through violet to blueish-indigo.  They can also range from light and pale to medium and greyish shades.

By 1930, the book A Dictionary of Color identified three major tones of lavender--[floral] lavender, lavender gray, and lavender blue, and in addition a fourth tone of lavender called old lavender (a dark lavender gray) (all four of these shades of lavender are shown below).  By 1955, the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names listed dozens of different shades of lavender.

The first recorded use of the word lavender as a color term in English was in 1705.
Meaning of lavender
 Lavender represents Revolianism because it is the combination of gender stereotypical colors (pink and blue) mixed with white to emphasize the new beginnings of social norms 
 The color lavender is used to symbolize decadence.
 The colors lavender and yellow represent the Christian holiday of Easter because the crocus flower, which is lavender and yellow, blooms in Europe in the spring.
Tones of Lavender color comparison chart
 Light Lavender Blush (Lavender Blush Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #FFF9FB) (RGB: 255, 245, 251)
 Light Lavender Mist (Xona.com color list "Lavender Light Light") (Hex: #F5F5FD) (RGB: 245, 245, 253)
 Light Selago (Selago Light (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #F9F8FE) (RGB: 249, 248, 254)
 Selago (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #F0EEFD) (RGB: 249, 238, 253)
 Lavender Blush (web color) (Hex: #FFF0F5) (RGB: 255, 240, 245)
 Lavender Mist (Lavender (web color)) (Hex: #E6E6FA) (RGB: 230, 230, 250)
 Light Perfume (Perfume Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #EBE3FC) (RGB: 235, 227, 252)
 Light Melrose (Melrose Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #E7E4EF) (RGB: 231, 228, 255)
 Light Prelude (Prelude Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #EBE4F4) (RGB: 235, 228, 244)
 Languid Lavender (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #D6CADD) (RGB: 214, 202, 221)
 Light Amethyst Smoke (Amethyst Smoke Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #D5CFDE) (RGB: 213, 207, 222)
Lavender Blue-Gray (Hex: #BDBBD7) (RGB: 189, 187, 215)
 Lavender Gray (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #C4C3D0) (RGB: 196, 195, 221)
 Light Ce Soir (Ce Soir Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #CFB8DE) (RGB: 207, 184, 222)
 Prelude (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #D0C0E5) (RGB: 208, 192, 229)
 Pale Light French Lavender (Xona.com color list "Lavender Light") (Hex: #D8D0F5) (RGB: 216, 208, 245)
 Pale Lavender (Lavender (ISCC-NBS)) (Hex: #DCD0FF) (RGB: 220, 208, 255)
 Lavender Blue  (Periwinkle) (PerBang.dk) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #CCCCFF) (RGB: 204, 204, 255)
 Melrose (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #C7C1FF) (RGB:  199, 193, 255)
 Pastel Lavender (Mauve (PerBang.dk) (Maerz and Paul)) (Hex: #E0B0FF) (RGB: 224, 176, 255)
 Light Blue-Violet (Blue-Violet Light (Xona.com Color List)) (Hex: #C77DF3) (RGB: 199, 125, 243)
 Perfume (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #D0BEF8) (RGB:  208, 190, 248)
 Light Medium Purple (Medium Purple Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #CDB7F0) (RGB: 205, 183, 240)
<li style = "background-color: #cfbaec;"> Light Lilac Bush (Lilac Bush Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #CFBAEC) (RGB: 207, 186, 236)  Light Lavender (Crayola: Wisteria) (Hex: #C9A0DC (RGB: 201, 160, 220)
 Lilac (PerBang.dk)) (Hex: #C8A2C8) (RGB: 200, 162, 200)
 Light Lavender Magenta (Xona.com color list "Violet Light Light") (Hex: #F8C3F8) (RGB: 248, 195, 248)
 Lavender Pink (Crayola "Lavender [Pink]")(Hex: #FBAED2) (RGB: 251, 174, 210)
 Lavender Rose (PerBang.dk) (Hex: #FBA0E3) (RGB: 251, 160, 227)
 Brilliant Lavender (Electric Lavender) (PerBang.dk) (Hex: #F4BBFF (RGB: 249, 192, 255)
 Rich Brilliant Lavender (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #F1A7FE) (RGB: 241, 167, 254)
 Lavender Magenta (www.99colors.net) (web color "violet") (Hex: #EE82EE) (RGB: 238, 130, 238)
 Helitrope (Hex: #DF73FF) (RGB: 223, 115, 255)
<li style = "background-color: #d46ff9;"> Light Veronica (Xona.com color list "[X11] Purple Light") (Hex:D46FF9) (RGB: 212,111, 249)<li style = "background-color: #cf71af;"> Medium Lavender Pink (Sky Magenta) (PerBang.dk)) (Hex: #CF71AF) (RGB: 207, 113, 175)<li style = "background-color: #d597ae;"> Blackberry Cream (Plochere) (Hex: #D597AE) (RGB: 213, 151, 174) Medium Lavender Magenta (Pale Plum (Plum (web color)) (Hex: #DDA0DD) (RGB: 221, 160, 221)
 Pink Lavender (Taro) (Pantone  TPX 14-3207) (Hex: #D8B2D1) (RGB: 219, 178, 209)
 Light Lavender Affair (Affair Light (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #B898CD) (RGB: 184, 152, 205)
 Lavender Frost (Pantone  TPX 15-3507) (Hex: #BAA8C1) (RGB: 186, 168, 193)
<li style = "background-color: #aa98a9;"> Atonement (Plochere) (Hex: #AA98A9) (RGB: 170, 152, 169)  Deep Lavender Blue-Gray (Lavender (Pantone  TPX 15-3817)) (Hex: #B2A4D4) (RGB: 178, 164, 202)
 Bright Ube (PerBang.dk)) (Hex: #D19FE8) (RGB: 209, 159, 232)
Bright Lavender (PerBang.dk) (Light Floral Lavender) (Hex: #BF94E4) (RGB: 191, 148, 228)
 LAVENDER (Floral Lavender) (PerBang.dk) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #B57EDC) (RGB: 181, 126, 220)
 Rich Lavender (PerBang.dk) (Deep Floral Lavender) (Hex: #A76BCF) (RGB: 167, 107, 207)
<li style = "background-color: #9955BB; color: #ffffff;"> Deep Rich Lavender (Deep Lilac (PerBang.dk)) (German Lilac) (Hex: #9955BB) (RGB: 153, 85, 187) Vivid Lavender (Hex: #9966FF) (RGB: 153, 102, 255)
 Lavender Indigo (PerBang.dk) (Hex: #9457EB) (RGB: 148, 87, 235)
<li style = "background-color: #9842e3; color: #ffffff;"> Vanda (Floral Vanda) (Hex: #9842E3) (RGB: 152, 66, 227) Amethyst (PerBang.dk) (Maerz and Paul) (Medium Deep Lavender) (Hex: #9966CC) (RGB: 153, 102, 204)
<li style = "background-color: #9874d3; color: #ffffff;"> Lilac Bush (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #9874D3) (RGB: 152, 116, 211)  Dull Deep Lavender (Wikipedia Link Lavender)  (Hex: #9C87CD) (RGB: 158, 137, 193)
Unicorn (Resene color list) (Hex: #9F91CF) (RGB: 159, 145, 207)
 Lavender Lustre (Pantone TPX 16-3920) (Hex: #8A9CC4) (RGB: 138, 156, 196)
 DADT Repeal Lavender (color of Obama's tie when signing) (Hex: #9D9FE9) (RGB: 157, 159, 233)
<li style = "background-color: #a899e6; color: #ffffff;"> Light French Lavender (Xona.com color list "Lavender") (Hex: #A899E6) (RGB: 168, 153, 230)<li style = "background-color: #9683ec; color: #ffffff;"> French Lavender (Lavender (Pourpre.com)) (Hex: #9683EC) (RGB: 150, 131, 236) Ube (PerBang.dk) (Purple Yam) (Hex: #8878C3) (RGB: 136, 120, 195)
 Fortune (Resene color list) (Hex: #7E73B8) (RGB: 126, 115,184)
 Deep Lavender (Medium Purple (web color)) (Hex: #9370DB) (RGB: 147, 112, 219)
 Ce Soir (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #9771B5) (RGB: 151, 113, 181)
<li style = "background-color: #9678B6; color: #ffffff"> Lavender Purple (Purple Mountain Majesty (Crayola)) (Hex: #9978B6) (RGB: 150, 120, 182) Mogul (Plochere) (Hex: #8C82B6) (RGB: 140, 52, 182)
Amethyst Smoke (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #A397B4) (RGB: 163, 151, 180)
<li style = "background-color: #aa8a9e; color: #ffffff;"> Lavender Brown (Medium Vanda) (Plochere "Vanda") (Hex: #AA8A9E) (RGB: 170, 138, 158)<li style = "background-color: #b48395; color: #ffffff;"> English Lavender (Pantone TPX 17-3617) (Hex: #B48395) (RGB: 180, 131, 149) Twilight Lavender (Crayola Silver Swirls) (Hex: #8A496B) (RGB: 138, 73, 107)
 Halaya Ube (PerBang.dk) (Purple Yam Jam) (Hex: #663854) (RGB: 102, 56, 84)
 Old Lavender (ISCC-NBS) (Dark Lavender Grey) (Hex: #796878) (RGB: 121, 104, 120)
 Dark Lavender (Pantone color #258) (Hex: #734F96) (RGB: 115, 79, 150)
 Lavender Affair (Affair (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #714693) (RGB: 113, 70, 147)
Lilac is a light violet colour. It is named after the colour of the lilac flower.  The actual colour of the flowers of the plant may range from the colour of the lilac flowers shown at left to a richer or deeper colour.  These colours, such as rich lilac and deep lilac, are shown in the colour chart below.

The first written use of lilac as a colour name in English was in 1775.

Meaning of lilac
 Lilac is a soft dainty colour that is often associated with grandparents or grandchildren and used on greeting cards addressed to grandparents or grandchildren.

Tones of lilac and Persian lilac colour comparison charts
Some lilac flowers are coloured tones of lilac and other lilac flowers are coloured tones of red-violet.  Those lilac flowers that are coloured red-violet are said to be coloured Persian lilac.  Therefore, two different colour comparison charts are provided.

Tones of lilac colour comparison chart

Tones of Persian lilac colour comparison chart
See also red-violet

Related pages
 List of colors
UPS may means:

 Uninterruptible power supply, an emergency electricity source
 United Parcel Service, an American shipping company
Dr. Rajkumar (Real Name: Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Muthuraju April 24, 1929—April 12,2006) was the most popular actor in Kannada's movie industry. He was seen as a role model to millions of Kannadigas.

"Dr. Raj" or "Natasarvabhouma" or "Annavru" (Big Brother) to millions of his fans, he was also called the John Wayne of South Indian cinema. He acted in more than 200 movies over 50 years. Most of his movies have become very important in the Kannada movie industry. He was also a well-known singer.

References 

1924 births
2006 deaths
Indian actors
Nicholas is a male first name. 
The name is derived from the Greek name “Nikólaos” and is developed out nikáo “triumphs” and laós “people”. After the Greek word use the name can mean both “winner of the people” and “winner over the people”.

People named Nicholas

Saints with the name
Nicholas of Myra, bishop of Myra, in the 4th century. Commonly known as Saint Nicholas. Santa Claus is modelled on him.
Nicholas of Flüe
Nicholas of Japan

Monarchs
Nicholas I of Russia
Nicholas II of Russia

Popes and Antipopes
Pope Nicholas I
Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas III
Pope Nicholas IV
Pope Nicholas V
Antipope Nicholas V

Patriarchs
Patriarch Nicholas I of Constantinople
Patriarch Nicholas II of Constantinople
Patriarch Nicholas III of Constantinople
Patriarch Nicholas IV of Constantinople

Other people
Nicholas of Cusa
Nikolaus Groß

Related pages
Nick
A freedom fighter is a person who thinks their native ethnic group is not free, and is working to have freedom for their group. Most often this means that a freedom fighter wants their people to have own nation and independence and/or get rid of oppressors. People who think like this are said to think in a nationalist way

Freedom fighter is a relativistic term - this means a person decides by his or her point of view if he call some persons or groups freedom fighters or not. Freedom fighter is a positive term - this means that he or she calls a person "freedom fighter" only if he or she supports the goals of the freedom fighter. If people do not support his goals, they probably use more negative terms like insurgent, terrorist, rebel or criminal.
Groups 
These are examples of groups who call themselves freedom fighters.
 The African National Congress, c.f. Alfred Nzo's Address to the British Trades Union Congress at its Presentation of a Gold Medal to Nelson Mandela , 1988.
 Al-Qaeda
 Aryan Nations
 Babbar Khalsa (Sikh separatists)
 CNRT Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense
 The Continuity Irish Republican Army
 Earth Liberation Front
 ETA Euskadi Ta Askatasuna - Basque nationalist organization
 GAM Gerakan Aceh Merdeka
 Hamas
 Hezbollah
 Hizbul Mujahideen - Kashmiri separatists
 The Irish National Liberation Army
 The Irish People's Liberation Organisation
 The Irish Republican Army
 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Separatists)
 Mahdi Army a militia force created by and loyal to the Iraqi Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr
 The New Peoples' Army
 The National Liberation Front of Algeria (FLN)
 The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
 The Real Irish Republican Army
 The Scottish National Liberation Army
The Ulster Defence Regiment
 The Ulster Freedom Fighters
 The Ulster Volunteer Force
Other examples 
 The Dalai Lama: "We are freedom fighters unique in our peaceful approach to liberation."
 Sitting Bull
 Nelson Mandela
 Mahatma Gandhi
 Michael Collins (Irish leader)
 Red Cloud
 William the Silent
 George Washington
 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

In public media
•Assassin's Creed is based around a group of freedom fighters.

•The Hunger Games is set in a dystopia that later features freedom fighters.

Human rights
Freedom
A "cereal" grain is the seed of a grass, a simple dry fruit technically called a caryopsis. Grain may also refer to:
Grain (measure), a mass of 64.79891 milligrams, 1/7,000th of an avoirdupois pound 
Film grain, the fineness of image resolution for photographic film
Grain size, for particles of rock in geology
Grain in metallurgy
GRAIN - an international non-governmental organization for sustainable agriculture
Isle of Grain in Kent, England, on which lies the village of Grain, Kent
Grain, a solid propellant charge, roughly a hollow cylinder, sometimes textured, and possibly very large
Granular synthesis, a method for digital musical instruments operating on the microsound time scale
Wood grain, the alignment and texture of the wood fibres for woodworking 
Grain, a single crystal inside solid-state matter; see crystallite. Related to the obsolete "corn" as in corned beef
"fine-grained" designates a more differentiated form of a technical or abstract system

Related pages
Granularity
Wood grain describes the ,  and appearance of the wood . This is often important in its effect on woodworking techniques (e.g. against the grain).

In describing the alignment of the wood in the tree a distinction may be made. Basic grain descriptions and types include:
 straight - grain which runs in a single direction along the cut wood, a product of a straight growing tree
 cross - grain in which some cells grow out from the major growth axis of the tree
 spiral - grain which develops as the trunk of the tree twists in development
 interlocked (roey grain) A step beyond spiral grain occurring when growth rings in a twisting trunk develop misaligned grain

In addition, there are a few special grain alignments. Their rarity often promotes the value of both the raw material, and the finished work it becomes a part of. These include:

 bird's eye
 quilted
 fiddleback
 curly
 tiger
In describing the application of a woodworking technique to a given piece of wood, the direction of the technique might be:
 with the grain
 against the grain
 across the grain

In a wider sense, the term grain may also be applied to the orientation of the cut, the way a given piece of wood has been sawn: 
 flat-grain: flat-sawn or plain sawn,
 edge grain: quarter-sawn or rift-sawn or straight-grained, and
 end grain.

Wood
In joinery, a groove is a slot or trench cut into a member which runs parallel to the grain. A groove is something else than  a dado, which runs across the grain. 

Grooves are used for several purposes in cabinet making and other woodworking fields. Typically, a groove is used to house the panels in frame and panel construction and the bottoms drawers.

A groove may be through, meaning that it passes all the way through the surface and its ends are open, or stopped, meaning that one or both of the ends finish before the groove meets edge of the surface.

Methods
A groove can be cut by the following methods:
electric router using a straight or rebate bit
circular saw with multiple passes (depending on width and depth)
dado set in a single pass
spindle moulder (wood shaper)
hand saw and chisel
router plane
Woodworking
Joinery could mean:

 Woodworking joints or other types of mechanical joints (mainly in North American English)
 The work of the joiner, the fabrication and installation of wooden fittings in buildings (mainly in British English).
 In Australia, a joinery is also the generic term for a business which undertakes the tasks of a joiner - usually it is the name given to the premises from which such work is undertaken.
Sepultura is a thrash metal/death metal/groove metal band from Brazil that has sold over 15 million albums worldwide. The brothers Max and Igor Cavalera started it in Belo Horizonte in 1984. The two brothers have left the band since, Max in 1996, and Igor in 2006, with American singer Derrick Green and drummer Jean Dolabella replacing them after their exits, although Dolabella left in 2011 to be replaced with Eloy Casagrande.

History
The band's name is Portuguese for the word "grave". The Cavalera brothers chose this name after translating English band Motorhead's song called "Dancing On Your Grave".

Singer Wagner Lamounier and bass player Paulo Jr. were the first stable members to join the band along the Cavaleras. Lamounier left after a year, and Max decided to sing and play guitar. The band added a second guitar player named Jairo Guedez. These members recorded their first album, Morbid Visions, in 1986. The song "Troops of Doom" from this album gave the band some popularity.
Guedez left after the album was released, being replaced by Andreas Kisser. This line-up lasted until 1996 and did many things. They recorded five more albums from 1987 to 1996. Sepultura began to play music that sounded more like thrash metal than death or black metal for their next three albums: Schizophrenia (1987), Beneath The Remains (1989) and Arise (1991). Their next two albums sounded more like groove metal. They were named Chaos A.D. (1993) and Roots (1996). Popular songs from  Chaos A.D. include "Refuse/Resist" and "Territory". On Roots, they had a song they recorded with the Brazilian Xavantes tribe called Itsari, who also toured with them.
Conflicts between Max and the other members led to Max leaving the band. He was replaced with American singer Derrick Green. Although the band's album sales lowered with each album released with Green, he is still in the group. With Sepultura, Green has helped record the albums Against (1998), Nation (2001), Roorback (2003), Dante XXI (2006), A-Lex (2009) and Kairos (2011).

After Sepultura released Dante XXI in 2006, Igor Cavalera left the band. A year later, he made up with his brother Max, and the two formed The Cavalera Conspiracy. Igor's first replacement in Sepultura was Jean Dolabella, who recorded A-Lex and Kairos with the band before quitting. The band's drummer today is Eloy Casagrande.

Members

Current members 
 Paulo Jr. - bass guitar (1984-)
 Andreas Kisser - guitar (1987-)
 Derrick Green - vocals, guitar (1997-)
 Eloy Casagrande - drums (2011-)

Former members
Former members 

 Max Cavalera - vocals, guitar (1984-1996)
 Igor Cavalera - drums (1984-2006)
 Jairo Guedez - guitar (1984-1986)
 Jean Dolabella - drums (2006-2011)

Albums 
 Morbid Visions (1986)
 Schizophrenia (1987)
 Beneath the Remains (1989)
 Arise (1991)
 Chaos A.D. (1993)
 Roots (1996)
 Against (1998)
 Nation (2001)
 Roorback (2003)
 Dante XXI (2006)
 A-Lex (2009)
 Kairos (2011)
 The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart (2013)
 Machine Messiah (2017)
Quadra (2020)

Other websites 
 http://www.sepultura.com.br/

Thrash metal bands
Heavy metal bands
Death metal bands
Groove metal bands
Belo Horizonte
1984 establishments in South America
1980s establishments in Brazil
The Dalai Lama  is a religious figure in Tibetan Buddhism. He is its highest spiritual teacher of the Gelugpa school. A new Dalai Lama is said to be the reborn old Dalai Lama. This line goes back to 1391. The 14th and current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso.

Between the 17th century and 1959, the Dalai Lama was the head of the Tibetan government. During the winter, the Dalai Lamas stayed in the Potala palace. In the summer they lived in the Norbulingka palace. These two palaces are both in Lhasa, Tibet. In 1959, the Dalai Lama had to flee from Tibet to Dharamsala, India. This is still his base to this day.

The current Dalai Lama is His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso.

Dalai Lama is the title of Tibetan Buddhism leader. "Dalai" is original from Mongolian which means "ocean" and "Lama" is original from Tibetan which means "the highest principle". In 1653, during the Qing Dynasty, this title was authorized to Dalai Lama V by the Chinese Emperor for the first time.
Modern history 
The 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, expelled all Chinese civilians from the country, and instituted many measures to modernise Tibet. These included provisions to curb excessive demands on peasants and tax evasion by the nobles, setting up an independent police force, the abolishment of the death penalty, extension of secular education, and the provision of electricity throughout the city of Lhasa in the 1920s. Thubten Gyatso died in 1933.
The 14th Dalai Lama was not formally enthroned until 17 November 1950, during the People's Republic of China invasion of Tibet (1950–1951). Fearing for his life, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India where he has led a government-in-exile since. With the aim of launching guerrilla operations against the Chinese, the Central Intelligence Agency funded the Dalai Lama $1.7 million a year in the 1960s. In 2001, he gave up his absolute power over the government to an elected parliament of selected Tibetan exiles. His original goal was full independence for Tibet, but by the late 1980s, he was seeking high-level autonomy instead. He is still seeking greater autonomy from China, although Dolma Gyari, deputy speaker of the parliament-in-exile has stated "If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or selfdetermination as per the UN charter".

References 

Asian people
Serenity is a 2005 science fiction space western movie. It was written and directed by Joss Whedon. The movie takes place in the fictional universe of the cancelled FOX science fiction television series Firefly. It takes place about two months after the final episode, Objects in Space. That is 500 years in the future.

Serenity is the story of the captain and crew of a transport and cargo spacecraft. The captain and first mate fought together on the losing side of the Unification War. Their lives of small crime are interrupted by a passenger with mental abilities who has a dangerous secret.

The movie was released in North America on September 30, 2005 by Universal Pictures. It received good reviews. It made $10.1 million during its first weekend. The movie made $25.5 million in the United States and $13.3 million in other countries.
Fans call the movie the "Big Damn Movie" ("BDM"). This is a reference to a line from the Firefly episode "Safe" in which Mal and Zoe call themselves "big damn heroes" after rescuing River and Simon.

Awards 
 Film 2005 - movie of the year award  and FilmFocus.
 IGN Film- Best Sci-Fi, Best Story and Best Trailer awards and was runner up for the Overall Best Movie.
 Nebula Award - Best Script for 2005
 Rotten Tomatoes - the 7th annual 'User Tomato Awards' for best Sci-Fi movie of 2005
 Spacey Award - the 2006 viewers choice for favorite movie
 2006 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form
 the 2006 Prometheus Special Award.
Production 
The movie is based on Firefly, a television series that was cancelled by Fox in December 2002. Fox stopped the show after 11 of its 14 episodes had been shown. After trying to get another network to show the series, creator Joss Whedon tried to sell it as a movie. He was introduced to Mary Parent with Universal Pictures, who agreed to make the movie after watching the episodes on DVD.

After Universal Studios got the movie rights to Firefly from Fox, Whedon began writing the screenplay. Universal wanted to start making the movie in October 2003 but problems with the script made them have to wait until June 2004 to start of shooting the movie. Universal did not want to spend the normal amount of money for a story set in space ($100 million). Whedon told them he could do it for less. He also told them he could do it in 50 days, instead of the usual 80 days. On March 3, 2004 the movie was greenlighted to start being made. It was shown to have budget of only $40 million.
They started filming the movie on June 3 2004. Joss Whedon said that the movie would be called Serenity to keep it separate from the TV series. All nine of the main actors from the television series (Adam Baldwin, Alan Tudyk, Gina Torres, Jewel Staite, Morena Baccarin, Nathan Fillion, Ron Glass, Sean Maher, and Summer Glau) returned for the movie. On September 17 2004, Joss Whedon said on the movie's official site that shooting was done.

Whedon had to take a television series that not many people had seen and explain the idea of the movie. He had to do this without boring the audience or the fans of the television series. He did this by doing things in the beginning of the movie. At first, it is a just a voice telling what has happened. It then is shown to be a school room where the voice was that of the teacher. They next showed that this was all just memories in one of the character's mind.
Since the budget was not very large, physical special effects were used as much as possible. They made as sets and props as they could to use less CGI effects. The most technically challenging scene was the mule skiff chase. Because it would cost too much, a gimbal (a hydraulic turntable) and CGI, like the pod race scene in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace could not be used. The production team to find other ways to do things. They built a trailer connected to the "hover craft" in the movie and shot the scene while riding up a highway north of Santa Clarita. Serenity visual effects supervisor Loni Peristere said in a Los Angeles Times article: "Traditionally this would have been, like, a 30-day shoot. I think we did it in five."
One item from the television show that could not be used again was the original set of the inside of the ship Serenity. It had to be built for the movie, using images from the Firefly DVD set. The company that did the graphics for the series also had to change the computer model of Serenity. The television model was not good enough for high-definition cinema screens and HD DVD.

Synopsis
Synopsis 

Five hundred years into the future, mankind has left Earth. All the people moved to a new large star system. The system is controlled by the Alliance. Away from the "core planets" people like the crew of the cargo ship Serenity can make a living if they stay away from Alliance ships and the Reavers - space-faring cannibals who raid the planets of "the Rim." One of the Alliance's projects is the creation of a group of warriors with mental powers. The star of this project is teenager River Tam. After her older brother Simon rescues her, the Alliance Parliament sends "The Operative", a man with no name, rank or official existence after them.