Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri is an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the seventh of the team's fourteen operettas. It opened at the Savoy Theatre on 25 November 1882. It had a run of 398 performances. It is the first of the operettas to have its first performance at the Savoy. The story is about a group of immortal fairies who find themselves on a different side as the House of Peers. The opera makes fun of many parts of British government and law.

 

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1880s operas
Princess Ida; or, Castle Adamant is a three-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the eighth of their fourteen operettas. It premiered at the Savoy Theatre in London, England on 5 January 1884. It had 246 performances, a short run compared with the team's other operettas. After the operetta closed, it was not revived in London until 1919. 

Gilbert based Princess Ida on a play he wrote in 1870 called The Princess. This play was based, in turn, on The Princess, a long poem of 1847 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Ida is the only Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in three acts. It is their only operetta to be written in blank verse. 

Princess Ida was a great success with early audiences, but the critics did not like it. Sullivan told Gilbert three weeks after the opening that he would not write another comic opera, and it appeared their collaboration was over.  Princess Ida has its roots in the work of a poet little read today, and its themes are somewhat dated. The operetta is not a modern audience favorite.
Story
In her babyhood, Princess Ida was betrothed to Prince Hilarion. In her young womanhood however, she has forsaken the company of men and has set up an all-female university. Hilarion and two of his friends, Cyril and Florian, gain entrance to the school disguised as women. They are discovered, and war ensues. As the casualties mount, Princess Ida relents and accepts Hilarion as her husband to be.

References
 Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 451-453.
 Brahms, Caryl. 1975. Gilbert and Sullivan: lost chords and discords. Little, Brown. pp. 123-136.

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1880s operas
The Sorcerer is an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the third of their fourteen operettas. It opened in London at the Opera Comique on 17 November 1877. It ran for 178 performances. The play is about the effects of a love potion on the residents of an English village.

References
 Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 43-45.

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1870s operas
Trial by Jury is one-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the second of their fourteen collaborations and their earliest work still performed today. It opened at the Royalty Theatre in London on 25 March 1875 with Jacques Offenbach's La Périchole and the farce, Cryptoconchoid Syphonostomata. 

Trial by Jury moved about to several different theatres. It was performed about 300 times in its first two years. It was a popular and a critical success. It is only about 45 minutes long, has only one act, and has no spoken words. 

Trial is about a young man who is sued for jilting his bethrothed. The judge hearing the case decides to marry the young woman himself. Today, it is sometimes played with another Gilbert and Sullivan operetta such as H.M.S. Pinafore.

References
 Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 3-5.

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1870s operas
The Yeomen of the Guard, or The Merryman and his Maid is an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It was first performed on 3 October 1888. It had 423 performances. It is the eleventh of fourteen operettas written by Gilbert and Sullivan. Unlike their previous operettas, Yeomen is darker and more serious in its tone and atmosphere.

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1880s operas
Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old is an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the first of their fourteen operettas. It was commissioned in 1871 by John Hollingshead, manager and owner of the Gaiety Theatre in the Strand. It was not well rehearsed, and lasted only 65 performances. It was generally well received by the critics.

Thespis takes place on Mount Olympus and tells of a theatrical company which takes over the duties of the ancient Greek gods. Most of the music has been lost, making it impossible to reconstruct the operetta.

References
 Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. p. 3.   

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1870s operas
The Pirates of Penzance; or, The Slave of Duty is a two-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the fifth of their fourteen operettas. The London premiere was 3 April 1880 at the Opera Comique. It ran for almost a year, closing on 2 April 1881. It had 363 performances.

American copyright 
Gilbert, Sullivan, and their manager Richard D'Oyly Carte arrived in New York in October 1879 to present an authorized version of H.M.S. Pinafore. During this time, Sullivan continued work on the team's next operetta, Pirates, and completed it on 28 December.

In order to secure the American copyright, the operetta premiered in New York City at the Fifth Avenue Theatre on 31 December 1879. Sullivan conducted.
The operetta was a great success.
In order to secure the British copyright, the operetta had been performed at the Bijou Theatre in Paignton, Devon, the day before the New York premiere on 30 December. The singers wore their costumes from Pinafore (they were performing this operetta in nearby Torquay) and sang from hand-written sheets of music newly delivered from the United States.

Adaptations
American director and producer Joseph Papp adapted the operetta for summer performances in Central Park, New York City, in 1980. The production was then staged on Broadway and in the West End with great success. In 1983, a movie version of the Papp adaptation was released, starring Angela Lansbury, pop singer Linda Ronstadt, and Kevin Kline.
Roles
 Pirate King (bass-baritone)
 Samuel (baritone), his lieutenant
 Frederic (tenor), a pirate apprentice
 Ruth (contralto), a "piratical maid of all work"
 Sergeant of Police (bass)
 Major-General Stanley (comic baritone)
 Mabel (soprano), Stanley's daughter
 Edith (mezzo-soprano), Stanley's daughter
 Kate (mezzo-soprano), Stanley's daughter
 Isabel (speaking role), Stanley's daughter

References
 Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 189-191.
 Brahms, Caryl. 1975. Gilbert and Sullivan: lost chords and discords. Little, Brown. pp. 88-96.

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1870s operas
The Jew of Malta is a play by Christopher Marlowe. Marlowe's source is unknown. It is possibly a forgotten story, or he may have studied Jewish life first-hand in London. The exact date the play was written is uncertain. It is certain though that it was written no earlier than December 1588. It was first printed in 1633. 

The play is unbalanced; the first two acts show a masterful hand while the last three do not. The character of Barabas, the Jew, is a portrait of depth in the first two acts, but he descends to nothing more than a typical stage villain in the last three.  One critic believes the play was ordered on short notice by the players, and Marlowe had only enough time to sketch the character of Barrabas.

References 

Plays by Christopher Marlowe
1580s plays
The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus is a play by Christopher Marlowe. It is a tragedy. Marlowe's source was The English Faust Book of 1592. The play was first performed about 1592. It was first published in 1604. It tells of a scholar who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for youth, power, knowledge, and wisdom. The play contains the well known line, "Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships?" The play was released as a movie in 1967 starring Richard Burton.

Plays by Christopher Marlowe
1590s plays
Dido Queen of Carthage is a play by Christopher Marlowe. It is a tragedy. The date of the play is uncertain. It is probably Marlowe's first play, and possibly written while he was a student at Cambridge University. The source material was Virgil's Aeneid and Ovid's Heroides. Unlike his sources however, Marlowe emphasizes not the character of Aeneas but the character of Dido.

References
  Cheney, Patrick (Ed.) 2004. The Cambridge Companion to Christopher Marlowe. Cambridge University Press. p. 193.
 

      
 Plays by Christopher Marlowe
1590s plays
The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer is a play by Christopher Marlowe. It is a history play. It was probably written no earlier than 1590. Marlowe's source was probably Holinshed's Chronicles. The play is about King Edward II's downfall and his homosexual passion for Piers Gaveston.

References

Plays by Christopher Marlowe
Plays based on English history
1590s plays
Tamburlaine is a play by Christopher Marlowe. It is a tragedy written in two parts. The first part was performed in 1587. Both parts were printed in 1590. The play is about the Asiatic emperor Timur the Lame and his obsessive passion for power.

Plays by Christopher Marlowe
1580s plays
The Massacre at Paris is a play by Christopher Marlowe. It is thought to be his last play, and probably written about 1593. Massacre is about the slaughter of Protestants on Saint Bartholomew's Day in Paris in 1572.  The text is significantly flawed, and is likely an actor's recollection of the play rather than the text as Marlowe actually wrote it. What is left of the play is violent and full of jokes about stabbing and murder. As it stands, the play is impossible to perform without extensive alterations.

References
 Mendel, Jolene. 2008. Christopher Marlowe. Lulu Publishing. pp. 256ff.

Plays by Christopher Marlowe
1590s plays
Javier Porras Santana (born on August 22, 1981 in Olot, Girona) is a athlete from Spain. He has a disability: he cannot see and is a T11/B1 type athlete. He competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China and was the third best athlete in the triple jump.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

References 

Living people
1981 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T11
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B1
Sportspeople from Catalonia
Spanish triple jumpers
The Chantels was an American female African-American music group. They performed rhythm and blues starting in 1957 and ending in 1970. The first single by the group was "He's Gone", released in 1957. Later that year, the song "Maybe" was released. In mid January 1958 it was at #15 on the Billboard Hot 100.

This group had five members. Arlene Smith was the leader. One of the musicians, Jackie Landry Jackson, died during 1997. The Chantels' 1958 single "I Love You So" was in the 1989 movie Look Who's Talking.

Other websites
Official website

American girl groups
Musical groups disestablished in 1970
American R&B bands
1957 establishments in the United States
1970 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 1957
The Dixie Cups is an American girl group. They perform rhythm and blues mixed with pop music. The group formed in 1964 in New Orleans. "Chapel of Love" is their best-known song. The group members are Barbara Ann Hawkins, Joan Johnson and Rosa Lee Hawkins. There have been other members in the past.

Discography

Singles 
 "Chapel of Love" b/w "Ain't That Nice" (1964)
 "People Say" b/w "Girls Can Tell" (1964)
 "You Should Have Seen The Way He Looked at Me" b/w "No True Love" (1964)
 "Little Bell" b/w "Another Boy Like Mine" (1964)
 "Iko Iko" b/w "I'm Gonna Get You Yet" (1965)
 "Iko Iko" b/w "Gee Baby Gee" (1965) 
 "Gee The Moon Is Shining Bright" b/w "I'm Gonna Get You Yet" (1965)
 "Two-Way-Poc-A-Way" b/w "That's Where It's At" (1965)
 "What Goes Up Must Come Down" b/w "I'm Not The Kind Of Girl (To Marry)" (1965)
 "A-B-C Song" b/w "That's What The Kids Said" (1965) 
 "Love Ain't So Bad (After All)" b/w "Daddy Said No" (1966)
Albums 
 Chapel of Love (1964) 
 Iko Iko (1965)
 Riding High (1965)
 Doing It Our Way (2011)

Compilations 
 Teen Anguish Volume One (1979)
 The Best of the Dixie Cups (1985) 
 The Dixie Cups Meet The Shangri-Las (1986)
 The Very Best of the Dixie Cups: Chapel Of Love (1998)
 The Complete Red Bird Recordings (2002)

American girl groups
American R&B bands
American pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1964
Entertainers from Louisiana
20th-century establishments in Louisiana
1964 establishments in the United States
OpenVMS is an operating system, which Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) originally developed for their VAX servers. Later, it was ported, and now also runs on DEC Alpha and  Itanium-based systems. It is a 32 bit operating system. When it was published in 1977, it was one of the first of its kind. OpenVMS is capable of supporting many users at a time; each user is able to run several programs at the same time. It was also one of the first operating systems with a Graphical user interface, the VAXstation was a very popular workstation at the time. OpenVMS uses virtual memory, and was originally developed as a time sharing, batch processing system. It was made for transaction processing. The jobs users submit can have a higher priority than those of the operating system. The operating system offers high availability through clustering: The system load can be distributed over multiple computers. That way, the system is "disaster-tolerant": One machine that fails will not shut the operation down.
OpenVMS introduced many features that became standard in later operating systems:
It supported  computer networks, first using DECNet, later using TCP/IP
Symmetrical, asymmetrical, and NUMA multiprocessing, including clustering
A distributed file system
An integrated database: first RMS, later Rdb
Support for different programming languages, including a standardized mechanism of calls between those programming languages
An extensible Shell
A high-level of security
Today, OpenVMS is used in many projects where availability and uptime are critical: These include banks and insurance companies.  Systems staying active for over a decade have been reported. A feature called "rolling upgrade" allows to upgrade software or hardware without the need to shut the system down. A data center that is destroyed will not lead to downtime either, if the system is configured properly. Customers using OpenVMS include banks and financial services, hospitals and healthcare, network information services, and large-scale industrial manufacturers of various products.
References

Operating systems
Color Me Badd is an American new jack swing, pop music and R&B boy band that formed in 1987. The group consists of several men. It is from Oklahoma City. Their debut studio album C.M.B. was released in 1991 and featured the popular singles "Thinkin' Back", "I Wanna Sex You Up" and "Slow Motion". One of their songs was part of the soundtrack of the movie New Jack City.

Albums 
 C.M.B. (1991)
 Time and Chance (1993)
 Now & Forever (1996)
 Awakening (1998)

References

Other websites
Official website

1987 establishments in the United States
American boy bands
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
American pop music groups
American R&B bands
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups from Oklahoma
Karina Lombard (born 21 January 1969) is a French-American actress who acts primarily in independent movies. She played Antoinette Cosway in the 1993 movie Wide Sargasso Sea and Isabel Two in Legends of the Fall the following year. Lombard was born in Tahiti, French Polynesia, though is a naturalized United States citizen.

American movie actors
1969 births
Living people
People from French Polynesia
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Utopia, Limited, or The Flowers of Progress is an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the thirteenth of their fourteen operettas. It opened at the Savoy Theatre on 7 October 1893. It had a run of 245 performances.

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1890s operas
The Grand Duke; or, The Statutory Duel is a two-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the last of their fourteen operettas. It opened on 7 March 1896 and closed after 123 performances.

References
 Bradley, Ian, 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 1083ff.

Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1890s operas
The Stringipoidea is a small superfamily of New Zealand parrots. It only has three genera: Nestor, the Kakapo Strigops and the fossil Nelepsittacus.

The genus Nestor consists of the Kea, and the Kaka, while the genus Strigops contains the iconic Kākāpō. All living species are endemic to New Zealand. The modern common species names, Kea, Kākā and Kākāpō, are the same as the original Māori names.

The nearby island species, the Norfolk Kaka and the Chatham Kaka, became extinct in recent times. The extinct species of the genus Nelepsittacus have been extinct for 16 million years. All living forms are threatened. Human activity caused the two extinctions and the decline of the other three species.  Settlers introduced invasive species, such as pigs and possums, which eat the eggs of ground nesting birds. Also hunting for food, killing as agricultural pests, habitat loss, and introduced wasps have added to the problem.
The family diverged from the other parrots around 82 million years ago when New Zealand broke off from Gondwana, and the ancestors of the genera Nestor and Strigops diverged from each other between 60 and 80 million years ago.

References 

Birds of New Zealand
Parrots
Maila Nurmi (11 December 1922 – 10 January 2008) was a Finnish-American actress. She was born Maila Elizabeth Syrjaniemi in Petsamo, Finland. She created the character Vampira in the 1950s. She played Vampira in Ed Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space. She also played Vampira in the 1959 movie The Beat Generation.

Gallery

References

1922 births
2008 deaths
American television actors
American movie actors
Finnish movie actors
Finnish television actors
Dudley Manlove (June 11, 1914 - April 17, 1996) was an American radio announcer, movie actor, and television actor. He had a few parts in movies that included the space alien, Eros, in Ed Wood's 1959 science fiction classic, Plan 9 from Outer Space. On television, he appeared in many series including Dragnet and Alfred Hitchcock Presents.

American movie actors
American television actors
1914 births
1996 deaths
Gregory Walcott (January 13, 1928 – March 20, 2015), born Bernard Wasdon Mattox in Wendell, North Carolina, was an American movie and television actor. He played Jeff Trent in Ed Wood's 1959 science fiction classic, Plan 9 from Outer Space.

Walcott died of natural causes at his home in Los Angeles, California, aged 87.

References

Other websites

American movie actors
American television actors
1928 births
Actors from North Carolina
2015 deaths
Conrad Brooks (born Conrad Biedrzycki; January 3, 1931 – December 6, 2017) was an American actor. He played in Ed Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

Brooks died of complications from sepsis on December 6, 2017 at his home in Martinsburg, West Virginia, at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

The Official Conrad Brooks Website 

Actors from Baltimore
American television actors
American movie actors
Deaths from sepsis
1931 births
2017 deaths
Tom Keene (1896–1963) was an American actor. He played in Ed Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space.

American movie actors
1896 births
1963 births
Joanna Lee (April 7, 1931 - October 24, 2003) was an American actress, writer and movie director. She played in Ed Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space.

American movie actors
Movie directors from New Jersey
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Deaths from bone cancer
1931 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
Mona McKinnon (1929-1990) was an American actress. She played in three movies associated with Ed Wood: Jail Bait, Plan 9 from Outer Space, and Night of the Ghouls. 

American movie actors
1929 births
1990 deaths
Sea Hunt (1958-1961) is an adventure television series. It stars Lloyd Bridges.

1950s television series
1960s television series
The bignose shark (Carcharhinus altimus), also known as the Knopp's shark, is a species of shark in the genus Carcharhinus, family Carcharhinidae. This species reaches a maximum length of 9.8 feet (3 metres), and can weigh as much as 370 pounds (168 kg). It is found in tropical and subtropical regions, along the edges of continental shelves and insular slopes, at depths of up to 1,410 feet (430 metres).

Description
thumb|left|250px| A drawing of the Bignose shark 
The Bignose shark is large and slim with a long, wide and bluntly-pointed snout from which it gets its name. It has well developed flaps on the nose, which are clearly visible. The interdorsal ridge (ridge between the two dorsal fins) is high and very visible. The pectoral fins are long and straight. The first dorsal fin has a bluntly-pointed tip, and is located above or behind the pectoral fins. The anal fin is slightly behind the second dorsal fin.
Bignose sharks are similar in looks to the Night sharks, however the Night sharks have a second dorsal fin which has a free rear tip that is at least twice as long as the height, while the Bignose shark's second dorsal fin has a short free rear tip.

The Bignose shark has a grey coloured body with no visible markings other than being white below and having pectoral fins which have black tips. The tips of all the fins, other than the pelvic fins, are dusky in colour. There may be a green shade along the gills of freshly collected specimens.

Bignose sharks may reach lengths to 9.8 feet (3 metres), and weigh as much as 370 pounds (168 kg). At birth, Bignose shark pups are between 2 and 3 feet (60 to 90 cm) in length. Males reach maturity at 7.1 feet (2.2 metres) in length, and females at 7.4-9.3 feet (2.3-2.8 metres).
Habitat
thumb|right|250px| The Bignose shark is mainly found in deep waters 
Bignose sharks have been recorded in tropical and subtropical regions. In the western Atlantic Ocean, it is found from Florida (U.S.A), south to Venezuela, while in the eastern Atlantic it has been reported from Senegal to Ghana including the Mediterranean Sea. Reports show that they have been found in the western Indian Ocean including the Red Sea, Mozambique, South Africa, Madagascar, and India. In the Pacific Ocean, it is found off China in the west, Hawaii in the central, and Gulf of California, Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador in the east.

This large offshore species is found near the edges of continental shelves and insular slopes at depths from near the surface to 1,410 feet (430 metres). The adults often swim at depths greater than 295 feet (90 metres) while the young swim in shallower waters.
Reproduction
The Bignose sharks are viviparous, meaning that they give live birth instead of laying eggs. One litter of Bignose sharks can contain 3-11 pups which are 60-90 cm long. Male bignose sharks reach maturity at around 2 metres in length, while females reach maturity between 2.3-2.8 metres. Females give birth at different times of the year depending on where they are found. In the Mediterranean Sea, Bignose sharks are known to give birth from August to September, while off the coast of Madagascar, birth occurs during September and October.

Feeding
The Bignose shark feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling bony fish (including lizardfish, croakers, flatfish, mackerels, soles, and batfish), cartilaginous fish (including Squalus dogfish, Holohalaelurus catsharks, Dasyatis stingrays, and chimaeras), and cephalopods.
Other names
In English, the Bignose shark is also known as the "Knopp's shark". Other names of the Bignose shark in other languages are "Baboso" (Spanish), "Grootneushaai" (Afrikaan), "Grootsnuithaai" (Dutch), "Karcharinos megalorynchos" (Greek), "Marracho baboso" (Portuguese), "Requin babosse" (French), "Squalo naso grande" (Italian), "Tiburón baboso" (Spanish), "Tiburón narizón" (Spanish), and "Tubarão-baboso" (Portuguese).

Human interaction
The Bignose shark is caught by offshore trawlers, and rarely by hook and line. It is harvested in the Caribbean region with deep longlines and is used as fish meal for animal feed, and for oil. In U.S waters, this species is currently banned from capture in the commercial shark fishery. 

Although this shark is large, it poses little threat to humans due to its deepwater habitat.
Conservation
The Bignose shark is listed as Data Deficient throughout its range, with the exception of Australia, where it is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. "Data Deficient" means that there is no need for further information on fisheries and population status for this species.

The longline fishery for Bignose sharks is managed and regulated by the National Marine Fisheries Service off the coast of the U.S. Bignose sharks are banned from harvest in U.S. waters. If this species is caught, it must be released immediately into the water in a manner that maximizes the shark's survival.

References

Sharks
IUCN Red List data deficient species
Fury (1955–1960) is a dramatic television series. It stars Peter Graves, Bobby Diamond, and William Fawcett. It is about a horse.

1950s television series
1960s television series
Drama television series
William Fawcett (1894–1974) was an American character actor in movies from 1946 through the 1960s. He also played on television. He starred in the television series, Fury from 1955 through 1960. 

He taught English and literature at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln  and became a professor of theatre arts at Michigan State University.

References

American movie actors
American television actors
1894 births
1974 deaths
American Methodists
Academics from Michigan
American military personnel of World War I
Legion of Honour
Actors from Minnesota
Educators from Minnesota
Military people from Minnesota
Robert LeRoy Diamond (August 23, 1943 – May 15, 2019) was an American actor. He starred in the 1950s television series Fury as Joey Clark Newton. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Diamond died on May 15, 2019 of cancer in Thousand Oaks, California at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

American television actors
American child actors
1943 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
My Little Margie (1952–1955) is an American television comedy series. It stars Gale Storm.

1950s television series
American comedy television series
English-language television programs
Gale Storm (April 5, 1922 – June 27, 2009) was an American actress and singer. She starred in two popular television series of the 1950s, My Little Margie and The Gale Storm Show.

American television actors
Singers from Texas
1922 births
2009 deaths
Actors from Texas
The Persistence of Memory (; ) is a painting by artist Salvador Dalí. It was done in 1931. It is one of his most famous paintings.

The painting was first shown in 1932. It has been in the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City since 1934. The painting typifies what critics call "surrealism".
It is easy to recognise and is often used in popular culture.

Description
The painting was the first to have a melting pocket watch, called a "soft watch". Some people thought that the soft watch was inspired by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Dalí said that the watches were not inspired by the theory of relativity, but by Camembert cheese melting in the sun.

There is a human in the middle of the painting. The orange clock at the bottom left is covered in ants. Dalí often used ants in his paintings as a symbol for death.

The Persistence of Memory uses "the exactitude of realist painting techniques".The painting looks more like something a person might see in a dream, rather than awake.
Landscape
The rocks to the right are supposed to be a tip of the Cap de Creus peninsula in north-eastern Catalonia. Many of Dalí's paintings were inspired by the landscapes of Catalonia. There is a strange shadow in the foreground of the painting, which is a reference to Mount Pani.

Versions
Dalí returned to this idea with The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory (1954). This painting is in the Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The first Persistence of Memory is in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Dalí also made many lithographs and sculptures of soft watches.

References

Other websites
The Persistence of Memory  on Authentic Society
The Persistence of Memory in the MoMA Online Collection
"Keep your eyes wide shut" by Kelly Grovier in The Observer
The mapping cylinder from the Fomenko et al. book
Homotopic Topology
Salvador Dali Museum, St. Petersburg FL USA

1930s paintings
Spanish paintings
1931 works
Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaiek (, ; 8 January 1899 – 26 September 1959) commonly known as S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, was the fourth Prime Minister of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). He was killed (assassinated) by a Buddhist monk named Talduwe Somarama.

Early life 
It is believed he was privately tutored and was sent to S.Thomas' for sake of record. He entered Oxford University instead.

Bandaranaike was born in Colombo, Ceylon to a Sinhalese Anglican Christian family and was the son of the powerful Sir Solomon Dias Bandaranike the Maha Mudaliyar (the chief native and advisor to the Governor) of Horagolla Walauwa in Atthanagalla, during the British colonial rule, who named his son after West Ridgeway, the Governor of Ceylon at the time was his god father. In later life he converted to Buddhism in order to join politics. He received his secondary education at St Thomas' College and went on to study modern greats at Christ Church, Oxford University, where he was Secretary of the famous Oxford Union.
Political career 
As a young lawyer, Bandaranaike became active in the Ceylon National Congress (CNC). He was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council in 1926. From 1931 to 1947 he served in the State Council of Ceylon. In order to raise Sinhala culture and community interests, Bandaranaike organized the Sinhala Maha Sabha in 1936. In 1946 he backed the United National Party (UNP) and held posts from 1947 to 1951. In 1951, Bandaranaike led his Sinhala Maha Sabha out of the UNP and established the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP).

References

1899 births
1959 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Assassinated Sri Lankan politicians
People from Colombo
Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka
Sir Solomon Dias Abeywickrema Jayatilleke Senewiratna Rajakumaruna Kadukeralu Bandaranaike KCMG, Maha Mudaliyar, JP (; 22 May 1862 - 31 July 1946) was the chief representative and adviser to the Governor of Ceylon, the monarch's representative in colonial Ceylon.

Early life
Bandaranaike was a member of an Sinhalese family, the son of Mudaliyar Don Christoffel Bandaranaike who was Mudaliyar Governors Gate and 2nd Udagaha Mudaliyar. He was educated at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia in Colombo.

He married Daisy Ezline Obeyesekere in 1898 and his son, S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike became the 4th Prime Minister of Ceylon after independence and his granddaughter Chandrika Kumaratunga became both Prime Minister and President of Sri Lanka. His grandson Anura Bandaranaike became Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

1862 births
1946 deaths
Sri Lankan politicians
Dionibel Rodríguez Rodríguez (born April 4, 1991)  is an athlete from Spain. He has an intellectual disability: he is a T20 type athlete. He gets help to play track and field from the Carmen Pardo Valcarce Foundation. He competed at the INAS World Games, INAS World Athletics Championships  and the INAS World Indoor Athletics Championships.

Personal
Rodríguez was born on April 4, 1991. He is from Madrid. Other sports he has played include football and basketball. He has received training in being an electrician.
Athletics
Rodríguez is a T20 athlete from Spain and competes for the  Madrid sports federation in competitions against people from other parts of Spain.  He is a member of AD Maratón de Madrid.  He also belongs to the Madrid Federation of Intellectual Disability Sports, and Club Sports Medicine Infant Jesus of Carmen Pardo-Valcarce Foundation.  Since 2004, when he was 13 years old, he has been helped by the Carmen Pardo Valcarce Foundation. This help makes it so he can compete in athletics. It means he can use the same tools to practice as Rafael Nadal, a Spanish tennis player.

In 2006, when he a 15 year old, Rodríguez was one of the most successful athletes at the Madrid Regional Outdoor Athletics Championship. He competed in the  2007 World Games in Shanghai, China. He competed at the 2008 INAS World Indoor Athletics Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, and he finished second in the 200 meters and third in 4x400 meter relay.
Rodríguez competed in 2010 INAS European Athletics Championship, and won two gold medals: one in the 200 meters and one in the 400 meters. He competed in the 2011 INAS World Games, and won two silver medals in the 400 meters and the 4x100 meter relay. In 2012, he competed at the INAS  World Indoor Athletics Championship, and finished first in the 200 meters, third in the  relay event and finished fourth in the long jump. He competed in the 2013 INAS World Athletics Championships in the Czech Republic. He finished first in the  200 meters and first in the 400 meters.

References

Spanish sprinters
1991 births
Sportspeople from Madrid
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T20
Living people
Spanish long jumpers
Spanish sportspeople with disabilities
The Order of Jamaica is an honor given to any Jamaican citizen or to anyone from any other country. The order was made in 1969. 

Members and Honorary Members must do:
 wear the Insignia of the Order as a decoration
 be named "The Honourable"
 use the post nominal letters "OJ" (Members) or "OJ (Hon.)" (Honorary Members).

The motto of the Order is "For a covenant of the people".

Other websites
 Order of Jamaica . Office of the Prime Minister.
 Jamaica National Awards  

Jamaica
1969 establishments in North America
Orders, decorations, and medals
1960s establishments in Jamaica
The Order of Prince Henry is a knighthood and honor for the citizens of Portugal or any citizen from another country. The order was named after Henry the Navigator. The order was created in 1960.

References

Other websites

Honorific orders of Portugal
List of the Grand Collar of the Order of Infante D. Henrique 

Orders, decorations, and medals of Portugal
1960 establishments in Europe

20th-century establishments in Portugal
The Royal Order of the Seraphim is an order from the country of Sweden. The order can be given to any Swedish citizen or any citizen from any country. It was created in 1748 by Frederick I of Sweden. Former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela was honored with the Royal Order.

Other websites
Swedish Royal Court: Orders 
http://www.ordersandmedals.net/Sweden.htm

The Royal Treasury includes some jeweled insignia of the Swedish royal orders of chivalry among the Swedish Crown Jewels, especially those of the Order of the Seraphim. http://www.ordersandmedals.net/Sweden/Seraphim/S207.htm
 and http://www.ordersandmedals.net/Sweden/Seraphim/S206.htm.
 

Swedish culture
1748 establishments
Orders, decorations, and medals
18th-century establishments in Sweden
1740s establishments in Europe
The Nishan-e-Pakistan (Grand Cross of the Order of Pakistan) is the second highest grade of the highest ranking order given by the Government of Pakistan. The honour may be given to a citizen from a foreign country. Richard Nixon, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Queen Elizabeth II and Nelson Mandela were among the foreigners. The award was created on 19 March 1957.

References

Other websites

 Decorations and Medals of Pakistan

1957 establishments in Asia
Orders, decorations, and medals
1950s establishments in Pakistan
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) is a medical college in Dublin, Ireland. The college began in 1784. The Royal College of Surgeons is now Ireland’s largest medical school, with over 3000 students from 60 countries.

Notable honorary fellows can be given as an honor in the Royal College. Among the recipients are Nelson Mandela, Jimmy Carter, and Mother Teresa.

References

Other websites
RCSI Website
RCSI Library collections
e-publications@RCSI, the RCSI institutional repository
Beaumont Hospital
RCSI TV 
RCSI Dubai 
RCSI Medical University of Bahrain
RCSI Students' Union 
Penang Medical College 
RCSI Surgical Society 
RCSI Student Medical Journal (RCSIsmj)

Buildings and structures in Dublin
1784 establishments
Colleges and universities in Ireland
Orders, decorations, and medals
Establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1780s establishments in Europe
Medical and health organizations in the Republic of Ireland
The Shulchan Aruch (, literally: "Set Table") is a compilation of Jewish law, or halakha. It was written by Rabbi Yosef Karo in 1563 in Tzfat (Safed), a city in the Galilee region of what is now Israel.  It was published in Venice two years later. Rabbi Karo was a Sephardi Jew.  His Shulchan Aruch provided a summary of Jewish law from the Torah and Talmud as understood by Sephardi Jews.   

A few years later, a Polish Rabbi, Moses Isserles, wrote a commentary on the Shulchan Aruch called the mappah (literally: "tablecloth").  Rabbi Isserles's commentary provided a summary of Jewish law as understood by Ashkenazi Jews.  

Since 1578, copies of the Shulchan Aruch have almost always included Rabbi Isserles's commentary.  Today, the name "Shulchan Aruch" usually means both Karo's work and Isserles's work together.  This combined Shulchan Aruch is the most widely accepted book of practical Jewish law in the world.

References

Jewish law
16th-century books
Fury may refer to:

 Rage (emotion)

Literature 
 Furies or Erinyes, figures in Greek mythology
 Fury (novel), a book by Salman Rushdie
 Fury (Star Wars novel), the seventh book in the Legacy of the Force series
 The Fury (novel), a book by John Farris
 The Fury (Smith novel), a book in the Vampire Diaries series by L. J. Smith

Film and television 
 Fury (1923 movie), a silent movie starring Richard Barthelmess
 Fury (1936 film), a movie starring Spencer Tracy
 Fury (2012 movie), a Canadian movie starring Samuel L. Jackson
 Fury (2014 movie), an American movie starring Brad Pitt
 Fury (TV series), an American children's television series
 The Fury (1978 film), a Brian de Palma movie with Kirk Douglas and John Cassavetes

Gaming 
 Fury (computer game), a 3D fantasy, multiplayer, online, role-playing game
 Fury Amulet, commonly called a Fury, an amulet in RuneScape
 Fury, a longsword in Morrowind
 Fury, Lulu's overdrive from Final Fantasy X
Sports 
 Monterrey Fury, a Mexican team playing in a United States-based soccer league
 Muskegon Fury, a UHL hockey team based in Michigan
 Northern Fury FC, an Australian A-League association football club
 Ottawa Fury, a Canadian soccer team
 Philadelphia Fury, a North American Soccer League team 1978-1980
 Tyson Fury, British heavyweight boxer
 Whitby Fury, a Canadian Tier II Junior "A" ice hockey team
My Little Pony: Equestria Girls is a 2013 Canadian–American animated musical adventure movie.

The movie is based on the animated television series, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The movie premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 15, 2013 and was released on limited screens in Canada and the United States on June 16, 2013. Screenvision added additional showings of the movie to allow more people to see the movie because of a larger-than-expected number of theater-goers in the initial weeks of showing.

The movie takes place after the show's third season finale "Magical Mystery Cure" and is about Twilight Sparkle entering the human world to get back her magical crown after it was stolen by Sunset Shimmer. During her time in the human world, Twilight learns how to behave like a human and meets the human counterparts of her pony friends. With the help of her new friends she hopes to stop Sunset Shimmer and take back her stolen crown.
The film later spawned a franchise of sequels, dolls, an animated web series, merchandise and apparel, and more. The second movie titled My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Rainbow Rocks was released theatrically on September 27, 2014. The third film titled My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games was released on September 26, 2015 on Discovery Family. And the fourth film titled My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Legend of Everfree was released on October 1, 2016 on Netflix.

As well as the release of 3, 20 minute specials titled "Tales of Canterlot High" which was put on Netflix but was removed in 2022.

5, 44 minute long specials were released from 2018 to 2019, titles with no specific order are: Spring Breakdown, Forgotten Friendship, Sunset's Backstage Pass, Rollercoaster of Friendship, and Holidays Unwrapped.  

A digital series exclusive to YouTube ran for 50 and 19 episodes each, with the series being split into 2 parts: Better Together and Choose your own Ending.
In 2017, a series of "summertime shorts" ran on the Discovery Network, the first five short ran in July, all airing in August.

References

Other websites
Official website 

2013 comedy movies
2013 fantasy movies
American animated movies
American musical comedy movies
Canadian animated movies
Canadian comedy movies
2010s English-language movies
Douglas Carl "Doug" Engelbart (January 30, 1925 – July 2, 2013) was an American inventor. Engelbart was known for inventing the computer mouse in 1964.

Engelbart was born on January 30, 1925 in Portland, Oregon. He studied at Oregon State College and at the University of California, Berkeley. Engelbart was married to Ballard Engelbart from 1950 until her death in 1997. They had four children. Engelbart died on July 2, 2013 from kidney failure in Atherton, California, aged 88.

References

Other websites

 Doug Engelbart's official Web site and home of the Doug Engelbart Institute (formerly Bootstrap)
 Computer History Museam announcing news of his passing (Douglas Engelbart's death news)

Turing Award winners
1925 births
2013 deaths
American computer scientists
American inventors
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Scientists from Portland, Oregon
Nelson Mandela Square is a shopping center in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was last known as Sandton Square. It was renamed Nelson Mandela Square on 31 March 2004 after a 6-metre statue of Nelson Mandela was added on the square. The statue was created to honor the former South African president.

Other websites
 Official site 
 Statue Links

Nelson Mandela
Buildings and structures in Johannesburg
Pope Valentine (in ;  800 – 10 October 827) was head of the Roman Catholic Church for two months in 827.

Other websites
Catholic Encyclopedia

800 births
827 deaths
Italian popes
Falaise is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.

Geography
Falaise is located on the river Ante near Caen in France. The Ante river flows into the larger Dives river. Falaise is in the Normandy region of France.

History

Medieval Normandy

Faliase is where William the Conqueror was born.  William became Duke of Normandy when he was just a boy. He went on to become the first Norman king of England in 1066. Falaise was where many of the dukes of Normandy resided before William. It is where the Treaty of Falaise was signed in December 1174. It was a treaty between William I of Scotland, King of Scots, and the  King of England Henry II Plantagenet.

The town is also the place where Rabbi Yom Tov of Falaise, grandchild of Rashi held his court.
In World War II
In modern times it is known for the battle of the "Falaise Pocket" during Operation Overlord in August 1944. Two German armies were surrounded by the Allied armies. About 10,000 German soldiers were killed. Over 50,000 were taken prisoner.

Much of Falaise was destroyed by Allied bombs. It was then captured by Canadian and Polish solders. Falaise was restored after the war.

Notes

References

Other websites 
Castle William the Conqueror in Falaise, France. (Official website in English)
A Conqueror's change of heart Personal blog with good images of the William the Conqueror statue in Falaise

Communes in Calvados
Reddebeitz is a district of the city Lüchow in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located southeast of the city of Lüchow. The village consists mostly of farms with their residential and commercial buildings. West of the town the road runs towards Lüchow 248 and Salzwedel.

The village has about 39 inhabitants. Its name reflects a Slavic settlement.

Boroughs of Germany
Settlements in Lower Saxony
Galaxian is an arcade video game released by Namco in 1979. In this game, the player controls a spaceship and shoots enemies coming down in different directions. A sequel, Galaga, was released in 1981.

The game was a very popular game when it was released. It has been ported to many video game consoles such as the Atari 2600, the NES, and the Game Boy. It has also been featured in Namco video game collections such as Namco Museum Remix for the Wii.

Other websites
Galaxian at the Killer List of Videogames
Galaxian at the Arcade History database

Arcade games
Namco video games
Asteroids is an arcade video game released by Atari in 1979. In this game, the player controls a spaceship in an asteroid field. Every once in while, a flying saucer comes on the field. The goal is to destroy the asteroids and flying saucers, while not being hit by them.

The game was very popular, selling 70,000 arcade cabinets. It has been released on many video game consoles, including the Atari 2600, Game Boy Color, and Xbox 360.

References

Other websites

Asteroids at the Killer List of Videogames
Asteroids at the Arcade History database

Arcade games
Atari video games
Reaganomics is a portmanteau word of Reagan and economics created by Paul Harvey. It refers to the economic policies created by U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s and still widely practiced.

These policies are commonly used with supply-side economics, referred to as trickle-down economics by political enemies and free market economics by political advocates.

The four main ideas of Reaganomics were to reduce the growth of government spending, reduce the federal income tax and capital gains tax, reduce government regulation, and tighten the money supply in order to reduce inflation.

References 

Economic policy
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Candy Clark (born June 20, 1947) is an American model who became an actress. Clark has starred in over 50 movies and television series. She acted as Debbie Dunham in American Graffiti. Clark played Kate in Blue Thunder, a 1983 action movie. Candace June Clark was born in Norman, Oklahoma on June 20, 1947.

References 

People from Norman, Oklahoma
Actors from Oklahoma
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
1947 births
Living people
The movie was nominated for best Original Musical or Comedy Score. The film's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph: King of Dreams (2000) and the development of a stage adaptation. It won Best Original Song at the 1997 Academy Awards for "When You Believe". The song's pop version was performed at the ceremony by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey. The song was co-written by Stephen Schwartz and Hans Zimmer. There were additional production by Babyface. The song was nominated for Best Original Song (in a Motion Picture) at the 1997 Golden Globe Awards. It was also nominated for Outstanding Performance of a Song for a Feature Film at the ALMA Awards.
The movie was released on July 4, 1997. It was released on home video on September 2, 1997. The movie gross $218,613,188 worldwide. It became the first animated featured not released by Walt Disney Pictures to gross over $100 million in the United States. This was before, Paramount/Nickelodeon's The Rugrats Movie. The Prince of Egypt became the top grossing non-Disney animated movie until 2000. The movie, Chicken Run, took the number one spot. The movie remains the highest grossing traditionally-animated non-Disney movie until 2007. The movie, The Simpsons Movie, took the number one spot. This is DreamWorks Animation's first movie and only traditionally animated movie to win an Oscar.

Release dates