Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A subphylum is a rank in the Linnaean taxonomy of biological groups. Normally the ranks go phylum > class > order etc. However, sometimes extra steps are needed, and if so, a subphylum ranks immediately below a phylum.

Taxonomy
Park Cytadela (Polish for citadel) is a largest park in Poznań. It is on the site of the former Fort Winiary (Poznań Fortress).

Poznań
Parks in Europe
Vaalbara is the name of Earth's first supercontinent, in the Archaean era.

Vaalbara started to form about 3,600 million years ago (mya). It formed by about 3,100 mya and broke up by 2,500 mya. The name Vaalbara comes from the South African Kaapvaal craton and the West Australian Pilbara craton. These cratons were combined in the Vaalbara supercontinent.

South Africa's Kaapvaal craton and Western Australia's Pilbara craton are two of the best-preserved Archaean cratons on Earth. They have remarkably similar early Precambrian rocks. Identical radiometric ages of 3,470 ±2 mya have been got from rocky material thrown out by meteorite strikes. Similar structures from these two cratons have been dated between 3,500 to 2,700 mya. Similar greenstone belts are found at the edges of the Superior craton of Canada, and across the cratons of the former Gondwana and Laurasia continents.
Palaeomagnetic data from rocks in the cratons showed that at 3,870 mya the two cratons could have been part of the same supercontinent. Both the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons show extensional faults which were active about the same time during volcanism at the same time as the impact layers were formed.

Continental plates have periodically collided and assembled in periods of orogeny (mountain building) to form supercontinents. The cycle of supercontinent formation, breakup, dispersal and reformation by plate tectonics occurs every 450 million years or so.

Related pages 
Supercontinent

References 

Supercontinents
Archaean
Islam in Niger began to spread around a thousand years ago. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Islam became more common than Niger's traditional religions. Since then, Sufi brotherhoods have become the most common and powerful Muslim organisations. This happened in many West African countries.

More than 90% of the people in Niger (or 9 out of every 10 people) are Muslims.  Most of the rest of Niger's people are Animists. However, these numbers are not exact. In Niger, many of the people who practice traditional religions have mixed some beliefs from Islam into their religions. Because of this, there are many different ways of understanding and practicing Islam in Niger.  So, it is hard to say exactly how many people practice each religion.

The government of Niger is secular, or separate from any religion.  At the same time, the government recognizes that Islam is the most popular religion in the country.

References 

Niger
Niger
About 85,000,000 Nigerians are Muslims. That is about half of the people of Nigeria. Most of the other people are Christian.  Muslims in Nigeria are mostly Sunni in the Maliki school, which is also the Sharia law in the government. However, there is a important Shia minority, mostly in Sokoto State (see Shia in Nigeria). A smaller number of people follow the Ahmadiyya Islam, a reformatory sect that started in India in the 19th century. Pew Forum on religious diversity says that 12% are Shia Muslims while 3% are Ahmadi Muslims.

References

Nigeria
History of Nigeria
East India is a region of the Republic of India. It includes the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. The states of Orissa and West Bengal share some cultural and linguistic characteristics with Bangladesh and with the state of Assam. Together with Bangladesh, West Bengal formed the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal before partition in 1947.

References

Regions of India
Jack Harris (born September 18, 1941) is a broadcaster. He is the studio host for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers Radio Network and a play-by-play voice for the Tampa Bay Storm and the Outback Bowl. He started doing play-by-play for the South Florida Bulls men's basketball team as well as the Tampa Bay Rowdies. He was sports anchor at WTOG-TV and WFLA-TV where he was host of Pulse Plus! on WTVT-TV before WFLA-TV fired Harris.

Living people
1941 births
National Football League broadcasters
Arena Football League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
American sports commentators
Frank Herzog is a former sportscaster who was the voice of the Washington Redskins. He was also the voice of the Maryland Terrapins football and basketball teams as well as the Washington Bullets. He called college football and basketball games for CBS.

References

Living people
College basketball broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
Year of birth missing (living people)
The Sind sparrow (Passer pyrrhonotus), also known as the Sind jungle sparrow, jungle sparrow, or rufous-backed sparrow, is a passerine bird of the Passeridae sparrow family. 

It lives around the Indus valley region of Pakistan and parts of the Republic of India.  Within its Indus valley breeding range in Pakistan and western India, the Sind sparrow lives in wetland habitats with thorny scrub and tall grass.

References

Birds of Pakistan
Passeri
Birds of India
Jasminum officinale is the common Jasmine. It is in the family Oleaceae.
It is famous for its scent. It is also known as Poet's Jasmine or jessamine.

Garden history
For thousands of years, the Jasmine has been cultivated not only for the beauty of its small, white, star-like flowers, but also  for its intoxicating scent. 

It is native to the foothills of the Western Himalayas and the Indus Valley plains of the Pakistani Punjab. The plant was cultivated and brought to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, China, the Middle East and other regions of Asia. From there, it spread into France, Italy and the Mediterranean, and eventually it was introduced to the rest of Western Europe and Britain. Today, Jasmine is grown and cultivated all over the world in its many varieties.
Since Jasmine has been cultivated all over the world for its flowers and scent, there are different varieties, and each type of Jasmine is associated with different meanings. In Pakistan, Jasmine is a very common plant and one can find it in any garden. Because of its attractive scent, the white Jasmine symbolizes attachment and represents amiability and modesty; therefore, Jasmine is named as the National flower of Pakistan respectively.

References 

Plants of Asia
National symbols of Pakistan
Plants of Pakistan
Plants and animals of Kashmir
Oleaceae
Rodinia, meaning "to give birth", is the name of a supercontinent. It had most or all of Earth's landmass when the Neoproterozoic era began.

Rodinia existed between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago. It formed from parts of an older and poorly understood supercontinent.

Rodinia broke up in the first period of the Neoproterozoic, the Tonian. Later its continental fragments were re-assembled to form Pangaea 300250 million years ago. In contrast with Pangaea, little is known yet about the exact position and history of Rodinia.

The extreme cooling of the global climate around 700 million years ago (the so-called Snowball Earth of the Cryogenian period) and the rapid evolution of primitive life during the following Ediacaran and Cambrian periods may have been caused by the breaking up of Rodinia.
Break-up 
The break-up of Rodinia is understood better than its formation. Extensive flood basalt flows and volcanic eruptions of Neoproterozoic age are found on most continents. This is evidence for large scale rifting about 750 million years ago. As early as 850 and 800 million years ago, a rift developed, eventually becoming an ocean in the Ediacaran.

In a separate rifting event about 610 million years ago (halfway in the Ediacaran period), the Iapetus Ocean formed. It might be that all continental mass was again joined in one supercontinent between roughly 600 and 550 million years ago. This hypothetical supercontinent is called Pannotia.

Its effect on life 
Unlike later supercontinents, Rodinia itself was entirely barren. It existed before life colonized dry land. It was before the ozone layer formed, so Rodinia was too exposed to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight for organisms to live there and leave fossils. However, its existence probably affected the marine life of its time.
In the Cryogenian period, the Earth experienced large glaciations, and temperatures were at least as cool as today. Substantial areas of Rodinia may have been covered by glaciers or the southern polar ice cap.

The eventual rifting of the continents created new oceans, and seafloor spreading, which produces warmer, less-dense oceanic lithosphere. Due to its lower density, hot oceanic lithosphere does not lie so deep as old, cool oceanic lithosphere. In periods with relatively large areas of new lithosphere, the ocean floors come up, causing the sea level to rise. The result was a greater number of shallower seas.
The increased evaporation from the larger water area of the oceans may have increased rainfall, which, in turn, increased the weathering of exposed rock. This increased rainfall may have reduced greenhouse gas levels. When CO2 level dropped, the period known as Snowball Earth began. Increased volcanic activity also introduced nutrients into the seas. This may have played an important role in the development of the earliest animals.

References 

Supercontinents
Neoproterozoic
Vasile Blaga (born 26 July 1956 in Petrileni) is a Romanian politician. He was a Speaker of the Upper Chamber of the Romanian Parliament, the Senate, a former Minister of Regional Development and Housing and twice former Minister of Administration and Internal Affairs.

On 28 November 2011, Blaga was appointed President of the Senate of Romania. He was removed as President of the Senate on July 3, 2012.

References

Presidents of the Senate of Romania
1956 births
Living people
104.6 RTL is a German radio station. It first aired on 9 September, 1991. It broadcasts in Berlin and is aimed at the 14-49 age group. The studios are at the Kurfürstendamm in Berlin-Charlottenburg. In 2005 the radio channel was awarded the German Radio Award for the best morning show.

References 

Radio stations in Europe
German culture
This is an incomplete list of famous treasures that are currently lost or missing.

References

Other websites 
 List of Lost Treasures 

Lists
Treasure troves
Kalisz is city in the central-western part of Poland in Greater Poland Voivodeship. In 2011, 105,386 people lived there.

Cities in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Konin is a city in the central-western part of Poland.  It is in Greater Poland Voivodeship. In  2011, 78,209 people lived there.

References

Cities in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Ole Knapp (8 November 1931 – 4 November 2015) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was Minister of Industry from 1990 to 1992.

1931 births
2015 deaths
Norwegian politicians
Okunino  () is a village in Gmina Miastko, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is about  south-west of Bytów and  south-west of Gdańsk (capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship). From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.

References

Map of the Gmina Miastko 

Villages in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Resusci Anne, also known as Rescue Anne, Resusci Annie or CPR Annie, is a training mannequin used for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).  It is for both emergency workers and members of the general public.  Resusci Anne was made by Norwegian toy maker Åsmund Laerdal. It was based on the research of Peter Safar and James Elam. It was first used in 1960.  The mannequin is made to be just like the human respiratory system and outer body in order to help training.

Since its first use, several different versions of Resusci Anne have been introduced.  These include versions with computer monitoring, and versions that seem like other emergency medical conditions, such as severe wounds and trauma.

Trainees using the original Resusci Anne were expected to approach the mannequin. After getting no response, the trainees then administered CPR to the mannequin. This system was meant to teach trainees that not all victims require CPR. If a victim can respond when asked if okay, the victim does not need CPR.
The face of Resusci Anne was based on L'Inconnue de la Seine. It was the death mask of an unidentified young woman who may have drowned in the Seine River around the late 1880s.

References

Training
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon (JBG) FRS (born  2 October 1933) is a British developmental biologist. He is best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation, and cloning. 

Nuclear transplantation means taking the nucleus out of cells in tissue culture and putting them into other cells whose nucleus has been removed. It is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this way, specialised cells can be "reprogrammed" to become like stem cells.

Honours and awards
Gurdon was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1971, and was knighted in 1995. In 2004, the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute for Cell Biology and Cancer was renamed the Gurdon Institute in his honour. He has also received numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees. He has been awarded the 2009 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research award.
Nobel Prize
In 2012 Gurdon was awarded, jointly with Shinya Yamanaka,  the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent". "Pluripotent" cells are stem cells.

Research

Nuclear transfer
In 1958, Gurdon, then at the University of Oxford, successfully cloned a frog using intact nuclei from the somatic cells of a Xenopus tadpole.  This was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells.

Gurdon’s experiments captured the attention of the scientific community and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today.
At that time he could not conclusively show that the transplanted nuclei derived from a fully differentiated cell. This was finally shown in 1975 by a group working at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland. They transplanted a nucleus from an antibody-producing lymphocyte (proof that it was fully differentiated) into an enucleated egg and got living tadpoles.

Gurdon’s experiments captured the attention of the scientific community and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today. The term 'clone' (from the ancient Greek word κλών klōn = “twig”) was already in use since the beginning of the 20th century in reference to plants. In 1963 the British biologist J.B.S. Haldane, in describing Gurdon’s results, became one of the first to use the word "clone" in reference to animals.

He was awarded the Lasker Award in 2009 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012.
Messenger RNA expression 
Gurdon and colleagues also pioneered the use of Xenopus eggs to translate microinjected messenger RNA molecules. This technique has been widely used to identify the proteins encoded, and to study their function.

Recent research 
Gurdon's recent research has focused on analysing intercellular signalling factors involved in cell differentiation, and on elucidating the mechanisms involved in reprogramming the nucleus in transplantation experiments, including demethylation of the transplanted DNA.

References 

1933 births
Living people
Agnostics
British Nobel Prize winners
Developmental biologists
English biologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
Wolf Prize winners
Academics of the University of Oxford
Viitasoo is a village in Kõrgessaare Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

Villages in Hiiu County
Mpika District is a district of Zambia in the Northern Province. The capital is Mpika. As of the 2000 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 146,196 people.

References

Districts
Geography of Zambia
Lalín is a city in Galicia, Spain. It is in the northern part of the province of Pontevedra. Lalín is the capital of the region of Deza.

In 2014, there were 20,103 people living in the city.

References

Other websites
Concello de Lalín 

Capital cities in Spain
Province of Pontevedra
Municipalities in Galicia
Gmina Mysłakowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Mysłakowice, which is about  southeast of Jelenia Góra and  west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 9,990.

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Mysłakowice is bordered by the towns of Jelenia Góra and Kowary and the gminas of Janowice Wielkie, Kamienna Góra and Podgórzyn.

Villages
The gmina contains the villages of Bukowiec, Dąbrowica, Gruszków, Karpniki, Kostrzyca, Krogulec, Łomnica, Mysłakowice, Strużnica and Wojanów.

References
Polish official population figures 2006
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Bkonni is a department of the Tahoua Region in Niger. Its capital is Birni-N'Konni.

Departments of Niger
Charles Oakley (born December 18, 1963) is a retired American NBA basketball player. Oakley played for the Chicago Bulls, New York Knicks, Toronto Raptors, Washington Wizards and Houston Rockets.

African-American basketball players
New York Knicks players
Chicago Bulls players
Toronto Raptors players
Washington Wizards players
Houston Rockets players
Sportspeople from Cleveland
1963 births
Living people
American basketball players
John Starks is a former player for the New York Knicks.

New York Knicks players
1965 births
Living people
Rodney Stephen "Rod" Steiger (April 14, 1925 – July 9, 2002) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. He was known for his roles in: In the Heat of the Night, On the Waterfront, The Pawnbroker, Doctor Zhivago, Oklahoma!, A Fistful of Dynamite, and in Mars Attacks!. He won two BAFTA Awards, one Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award.

Steiger was born on April 14, 1925 in Westhampton, New York. He studied at the Actor's Studio.

He was married to Sally Gracie from 1952 until they divorced in 1958. Then he was married to Clarie Bloom from 1959 until they divorced in 1969. Thirdly he was married to Sherry Nelson from 1973 until they divorced in 1979. Then he was married to Paula Ellis from 1986 until they divorced in 1997. He was married to Joan Benedict from 2000 until his death in 2002. With Bloom he has a daughter, Anna Steiger. With Ellis he has a son, Michael Steiger.
Steiger died on July 9, 2002 in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia and kidney failure after having gallbladder cancer-related surgery, aged 77. He was later buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Hollywood Hills, California.

References

Other websites

 
 

1925 births
2002 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from pneumonia
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from gallbladder cancer
This is a list of U.S. state birds.

References 

Birds
Lists of birds
Lists of animals of the United States
Ralph Lauren  (born in The Bronx, New York, October 14, 1939) is an American fashion designer and business executive, best known for his Polo Ralph Lauren clothing brand.

Lauren was born on Ocotber 14, 1939 in The Bronx, New York to Russian parents. He studied at Baruch College. He has been married to Ricky Anne Low-Beer since 1964. They have seven children. His son, David, was married to the granddaughter of George H. W. Bush since 2011.

In 2016, Vogue reported that Lauren was to receive an award for Outstanding Achievement at the Fashion Awards- British Fashion Council.

References

Other websites
 Ralph Lauren Web Site

1939 births
Living people
American fashion designers
Businesspeople from New York City
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
This is a list of U.S. state fishes:

Table

References 

Fish
fish
Lists of animals of the United States
Robert Francis Kennedy, Jr., (born January 17, 1954) is an American radio host, activist, and attorney in environmental law. He now hosts the radio program Ring of Fire. He is also an  vaccine safety  activist.

Early life
Kennedy was born on January 17, 1954 in Washington, D.C. to Ethel Skakel Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy. He is the nephew of John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy. Kennedy studied at Harvard University, University of Virginia School of Law, and at Pace University School of Law.

2024 presidential campaign

In April 2023, Kennedy announced his plans to run for President of the United States, challenging President Joe Biden for the Democratic nomination in the 2024 election. In October 2023, he withdrew from the Democratic nomination to run as an Independent.

Personal life
Kennedy was married to Emily Ruth Black from 1982 until they divorced in 1994. He was married to Mary Richardson from 1994 until her death in 2012. He has six children.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Pace Law School Profile 
 Interview with Robert Kennedy, Jr. in SuperConsciousness Magazine, 2008
 Lecture at DePauw University, October 5, 2007 

1954 births
Living people
Kennedy family
Robert F. Kennedy
2024 United States presidential candidates
American radio personalities
American political activists
Writers from Washington, D.C.
American bloggers
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Politicians from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ethel Skakel (born April 11, 1928) is an American activist and politician. She is the widow of Robert F. Kennedy. Her son is Robert F. Kennedy, Jr..

Skakel was born on April 11, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart in 1945.

Skakel met Robert while he was dating her sister. On June 17, 1950, Robert and Ethel married in Greenwich, Connecticut. They had eleven children. Two of their children died.

Skakel supported Barack Obama during his 2008 campaign.

References

Other websites

 American Experience: RFK People & Events —From PBS

1928 births
Living people
American activists
American socialites
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Kennedy family
Politicians from Chicago
Politicians from Connecticut
Robert F. Kennedy
Konin is a city in central Poland.

Konin may also mean:

 , 49th Japanese monarch who reigned 770–781
 Konin, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland
 Konin, Lubusz Voivodeship, a village in west Poland
 Konin, Nowy Tomyśl County, a village in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 Konin, Silesian Voivodeship, a village in south Poland
 , a Japanese era name for the years 810–824
This is a list of U.S. state insects.  Forty-one of the fifty United States have selected state insects.

References 

Insects
Insects
Lists of animals of the United States
Sirhan Bishara Sirhan (born March 19, 1944) is a Palestinian with Jordanian citizenship. He was born in Jerusalem. He shot and killed U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy on June 6, 1968. He is serving his life sentence in Pleasant Valley State Prison in Coalinga, California.

On August 30, 2019, Sirhan was stabbed multiple times by another prisoner.

References

Other websites
 
 Crime Library biography 
 Interview with Sirhan's attorney Lawrence Teeter on KPFA 94.1 / Guns & Butter show 

1944 births
Living people
Assassins
Jordanian people
Palestinian terrorists
People from Jerusalem
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, a United States Senator and brother of assassinated President John F. Kennedy, took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles after winning his campaign in California. 

Kennedy was shot as he walked through the kitchen of the Ambassador Hotel and died at the Good Samaritan Hospital not less than a day later. Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian immigrant, was guilty for Kennedy's murder and is now serving a life sentence for the assassination. As of 2011, Kennedy and Huey Long are the only U.S. Senators to be killed while in office.

References

Other websites
 Mary Ferrell Foundation - RFK Assassination Documents – LAPD and FBI investigation files and the trial transcript at the Mary Ferrell Foundation
FBI file on the RFK assassination

1968 in the United States
Kennedy, Robert F
1960s in Los Angeles, California
Murder in the 1960s
Murders by firearm in California 
Robert F. Kennedy
June events
This is a list of official mammals of U.S. states.

State mammals
Key: Years in parentheses are the year of adoption by the state's legislature.

Minnesota's unofficial state mammal is the eastern timber wolf

References 

Mammals
Lists of animals of the United States
Lists of mammals
This is a list of official U.S. state tartans:

References

Tartans
Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver, DSG (July 10, 1921 – August 11, 2009) was a member of the Kennedy family, sister of President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy.

Early life
Kennedy was born on July 10, 1921 in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and to Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. She studied at Manhattanville College and at Stanford University.

Personal life
Kennedy was married to Sargent Shriver from 1953 until her death in 2009. They had five children. Shriver died on August 11, 2009 in Hyannis, Massachusetts after having a stroke, aged 88. Her husband, Sargent Shriver died on January 18, 2011 in Bethesda, Maryland.

Related pages
Kennedy family

References

Other websites

eunicekennedyshriver.org, Shriver's official website

1921 births
2009 deaths
American activists
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
Deaths from stroke
Kennedy family
People from Massachusetts
Stanford University alumni
This is a list of U.S. state trees.

References

Trees
Trees
Lists of plants
The following are lists of U.S. state and territory symbols.

Lists by symbol

Insignia
Insignia
Coats of arms
Colors
Flags
Governor standards
Mottos
Nicknames
Seals
Governor seals

Flora and fauna
Amphibians
Bats
Birds
Butterflies
Cacti
Crustaceans
Dinosaurs
Dog breeds
Fish
Flowers
Grasses
Horse breeds
Insects
Mammals
Microbes
Mushrooms
Pets
Plants
Reptiles
Seashells
Trees

Geology
Fossils
Minerals, rocks, stones, and gemstones
Soils

Other
Commemorative quarter-dollar coins
Dances
Firearms
Foods
Beverages
Highway route markers
Motor vehicle license plates
Musical instruments
Poems
Ships
Songs
Sports
Tartans
Toys

Lists by state, territory, and district
Alabama
 Alaska
 American Samoa
 Arizona
 Arkansas
 California
 Colorado
 Connecticut
 Delaware
 District of Columbia
 Florida
 Georgia
 Guam
 Hawaii
 Idaho
 Illinois
 Indiana
 Iowa
 Kansas
 Kentucky
 Louisiana
 Maine
 Maryland
 Massachusetts
 Michigan
 Minnesota
 Mississippi
 Missouri
 Montana
 Nebraska
 Nevada
 New Hampshire
 New Jersey
 New Mexico
 New York
 North Carolina
 North Dakota
 Northern Mariana Islands
 Ohio
 Oklahoma
 Oregon
 Pennsylvania
 Puerto Rico
 Rhode Island
 South Carolina
 South Dakota
 Tennessee
 Texas
 U.S. Virgin Islands
 Utah
 Vermont
 Virginia
 Washington
 West Virginia
 Wisconsin
 Wyoming

Lists about U.S. states
Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr. (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was a prominent American businessman, politician, investor, and government official. He served as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1934 through 1935.

Kennedy was the husband of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. Their children included President John F. Kennedy (1917–1963), Senator Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968), and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy (1932–2009). He served as the first chairman of the Maritime Commission from 1936 through 1938.

Kennedy served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, including the early part of World War II.

He died on November 18, 1969, two months after his 81st birthday. Joe Kennedy outlived three of his four sons; Ted would die nearly forty years later.
Early life
Kennedy was born on September 6, 1888 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the eldest son of businessman and politician P. J. Kennedy (1858-1929) and Mary Augusta Hickey (1857-1923). He studied at the Boston Latin School and at Harvard College.

Personal life
In 1914 he married Rose Fitzgerald. They were married until his death in 1969. They had nine children. Kennedy had an affair with Gloria Swanson.

Death
Kennedy died on November 18, 1969 in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts from a stroke, aged 81.

Other websites

1888 births
1969 deaths
Kennedy family
Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom
Anti-communists
Deaths from stroke
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Massachusetts
Shinya Yamanaka  (born 4 September 1962 in Osaka) is a Japanese physician. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2012 with John Gurdon. He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 2011 with Rudolf Jaenisch; and the Millennium Technology Prize in 2012 together with Linus Torvalds.

He researches into adult stem cells. He is director of Center for iPS Cell Research and Application and a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University. He is also a senior investigator at the UCSF-affiliated J. David Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, California; and a professor of anatomy at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Yamanaka is also the current president of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR).
What he did 
In development, embryonic stem cells can turn into any tissue. Fibroblasts in the skin are one type of cell.
In 2006, Yamanaka and his team took adult mouse fibroblasts and turned them back into stem cells in tissue culture. The changed cells are known as 'induced pluripotent stem cells' (iPS cells). iPS cells are like embryonic stem cells from a blastocyst (the embryo a few days after fertilization).

The procedure used transfection of some stem cell-associated genes into the adult fibroblasts.  The transfected genes include the master transcriptional regulators. Transfection is typically done with viral vectors, such as retroviruses.
The team could show that the iPS cells were pluripotent (capable of generating all cell lineages of the body). Soon they grew mice which included iPS cells. In 2007, he and his team generated iPS cells from human adult fibroblasts, again the first group to do so.  The main medical application will be replacement of faulty or damaged tissues in humans. This is not available at present. An independent assessment of this field is available.

References 

1962 births
Living people
Medical researchers
People from Osaka Prefecture
Wolf Prize winners
Japanese Nobel Prize winners
Kyoto University faculty
Japanese physicians
United People's Democratic Front (UPDF) is a regional political party based in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.

Chittagong Hill Tracts
Political parties in Bangladesh
Vallisneria is a genus of freshwater aquatic plant. It is often called eelgrass, tape grass or vallis. It grows submereged in water. It has thin leaves like a ribbon, which allows water currents to pass through without damaging the leaves.

Alismatales
Aquatic plants
Blacy is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Related pages
Communes of the Yonne department

References
INSEE

Communes in Yonne
Nervesa della Battaglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 km north of Venice and about 20 km north of Treviso.

Sites include the remains of the Abbey of Sant'Eustachio, near the Piave river, which reached its apex in the 13th century. It was abandoned in 1865, and heavily damaged during the Battle of the Piave River in World War I. Another disappeared convent is the Charterhouse of San Girolamo, located on the Montello hill.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Proloco Nervesa

Settlements in Treviso
Canada's boreal forest comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the northern hemisphere, mostly north of the 50th parallel.

References

Geography of Canada
Tye Went is a hamlet in Edwardstone, Babergh, Suffolk, England.

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Denmark sent a delegation to the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel from November 4 to 13, 1968. 
Eight athletes from Denmark competed, seven men and one women. The team did not win any medals.

References

1968 Summer Paralympics
Denmark at the Paralympics
Denmark sent a team for the 1976 Summer Paralympics in Toronto, Canada. Its athletes finished twenty fourth in the overall medal count.

References 

1976 Summer Paralympics
Denmark at the Paralympics
1970s in Denmark
45 athletes (25 men and 20 women) from Denmark competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States. Denmark won no medals.

References 

1996 Summer Paralympics
Denmark at the Paralympics
Adar (, also Romanized as Ādār; also known as Adād and Āvār) is a village in Hesar-e Valiyeasr Rural District, Avaj District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 388, in 82 families.

Villages in Iran
Qazvin Province
Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy (July 22, 1890 – January 22, 1995) was an American philanthropist and socialite. She was the wife of businessman/politician Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. Their nine children included President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy.

Early life
Kennedy was born on July 22, 1890 in Boston, Massachusetts.

She studied at Dorchester High School, at the New England Conservatory, at the Wellesley College, and at the Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart.

Family

Marriage
On October 7, 1914, she married Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr..

Children
They had 9 children:
 Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (1915-1944)
 John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)
 Rosemary Kennedy (1918-2005)
 Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish (1920-1948)
 Eunice Kennedy (1921-2009)
 Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924-2006)
 Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968)
 Jean Kennedy Smith (1928-2020)
 Ted Kennedy (1932-2009)

Longevity
She outlived four of her children and her husband.
Death
Kennedy died on January 22, 1995 in Hyannis, Massachusetts from pneumonia, aged 104.

References

Other websites
 

1890 births
1995 deaths
American centenarians
Philanthropists from Massachusetts
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Massachusetts
Kennedy family
Businesspeople from Boston
People from Dorchester, Massachusetts
Jacob Leon "Jack" Rubenstein (March 25, 1911 – January 3, 1967) was an American criminal. Ruby was born on March 25, 1911 in Chicago, Illinois.  On November 24, 1963, Ruby fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald, who was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy two days earlier. Ruby was convicted of murdering Oswald, but the conviction was overturned. He continued to be held in prison while awaiting retrial. The retrial did not happen because he died on January 3, 1967 at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas from lung cancer and a pulmonary embolism, aged 55.

Ruby is buried in Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.

References

Other websites
 In Defense of Jack Ruby
 Jack Ruby: Dallas' Original J.R.

1911 births
1967 deaths
Burials at Westlawn Cemetery
American murderers
American prisoners
Businesspeople from Chicago
Cancer deaths in Texas
Criminals from Chicago
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Oliver Laurence North (born October 7, 1943) or Ollie North is a retired United States Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel, political commentator, television host, military historian, and New York Times best-selling author. He is currently the host of War Stories with Oliver North on Fox News Channel. 

In 2018, North became the President of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA).

North was at the center of national attention during the Iran–Contra affair, a political scandal in the late 1980s during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Some people say North took the blame and punishment rather than Reagan.

North was born on October 7, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. North grew up in Philmont, New York. He studied at State University of New York at Brockport. He has been married to Betsy Stuart since 1987.

References

Other websites

Podcasts of North's recent articles
1943 births
Living people
Military people from Texas
American historians
American political commentators
Writers from San Antonio, Texas
Writers from New York (state)
United States Marine Corps personnel
George Henry Sanders (July 3, 1906 – April 25, 1972) was a British actor and singer whose career spanned over 40 years. He was known for his roles in All About Eve, Rebecca, and The Jungle Book. He was also known for his television role as Mr. Freeze in Batman. His brother was actor Tom Conway. He won an Academy Award.

Sanders was born on July 3, 1906, in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire to English parents. Sanders was raised in Brighton, Sussex, England. He studied at Brighton College and at Manchester Technical College.

Sanders was married to Susan Larson from 1940 until they divorced in 1949. He was married to Zsa Zsa Gabor from 1949 until they divorced in 1954. Then he was married to Benita Hume from 1959 until they divorced in 1967. He was last married to Magda Gabor from 1970 until they divorced in 1971. He was partners with Lorraine Chanel from 1968 until his death in 1972. He had no children.
Sanders committed suicide using barbiturates on April 25, 1972, in his hotel room in Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. His cremated ashes were scattered at the English Channel.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1906 births
1972 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Sussex
Drug-related suicides
English movie actors
English radio actors
English singer-songwriters
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Entertainers from Brighton
Writers from Sussex
John Gottselig (24 June 1906 - 15 May 1986) was a professional ice hockey centre that played a combined 16 seasons  with the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL.

Gottselig was only the second player born in the Russian Empire to play in the NHL. During his time with the Black Hawks, he won the Stanley Cup two time, once in 1934 and once in 1938. He was named the captain of the Black Hawks during the time that they won their second Stanley Cup. He retired in 1945 and became the coach of the Black Hawks in 1944. This made him the first European-born head coach in NHL history. He was also the Director of Public Relations for the Black Hawks when they won the Stanley Cup in 1961. His name wasn't engraved on the cup but he was included on the team.

References

Other websites 

1905 births
1986 deaths
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
National Hockey League broadcasters
Regina Pats players
Russian ice hockey players
Stanley Cup champions
Memorial Cup winners
Thomas Charles Sanders ("Tom Conway", September 15, 1904 – April 22, 1967) was an English movie, television, voice, stage, and radio actor. He was known for his roles in 101 Dalmatians, Peter Pan, Cat People, I Walked with a Zombie, and in The Seventh Victim. He was the older brother of actor George Sanders.

Conway was born on September 15, 1904 in St. Petersburg, Russia to English parents. He was raised in Bringhton, England, and studied at Brighton College. 

He was married to Lillian Eggers from 1941 until they divorced in 1953. Then he was married to Queenie Leonard from 1958 until they divorced in 1963. Conway had no children. 

Conway died on April 22, 1967 in Culver City, California from cirrhosis of the liver, aged 62.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1904 births
1967 deaths
Deaths from cirrhosis
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
English radio actors
Ciudad Victoria (), is the capital of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is also the municipal seat of Victoria Municipality.

Other websites
 Dirección de Tecnología 
 Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria 
 Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas 

Capital cities in Mexico
Tamaulipas
1750 establishments
18th-century establishments in Mexico
1750s establishments in North America
Magdolna "Magda" Gabor (June 11, 1915 – June 6, 1997) was a Hungarian-American movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actress and socialite. She was the elder sister of Zsa Zsa Gabor and Eva Gabor. 

Gabor was born on June 11, 1915 in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. She was married to Jan Bychowski from 1937 until he died in 1944. Then she was married to William Rankin from 1946 until they divorced in 1947. Then she was married to Sidney R. Warren from 1947 until they divorced in 1950. Then she was married to Arthur Gallucci from 1956 until they divorced in 1957. Then she was married to George Sanders from 1970 until they divorced in 1971. She was last married to Tibor Heltai from 1972 until they divorced in 1973. 

Gabor died on June 6, 1997 in Palm Springs, California from renal failure, aged 81. She was later buried at Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.

References

Other websites
 
 Gabor family website
1915 births
1997 deaths
Actors from Budapest
American movie actors
American radio actors
American socialites
American television actors
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Hungarian movie actors
Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical fantasy movie produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 30th movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series and the third movie of the Disney Renaissance period. The movie is based on the fairy tale La Belle et la Bête by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont It is about a prince who is turned into a beast and a young woman named Belle whom he imprisons in his castle. To become a prince again, the Beast must love Belle and win her love in return, or he will remain a Beast forever.
The movie was first released into movie theaters on November 22, 1991. It become very popular. This is the first animated feature that was nominated for an Oscar for Best Picture. A direct-to-video sequel called Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas was released in 1997. It was followed in 1998 by another sequel, Belle's Magical World. An IMAX special edition version of the original movie was released in 2002, with a new five-minute musical sequence included. After the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, the movie returned to theaters in 3D on January 13, 2012. A live-action remake was also released on March 17, 2017. The movie is considered as one of the greatest movies of all time.

References

Other websites
1991 movies
2012 3D movies
American animated movies
American family movies
1990s American fantasy movies
1990s American musical movies
1990s American romance movies
Beauty and the Beast (Disney)
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
IMAX movies
Movies based on fairy tales
Movies set in castles
Movies set in France
Movies composed by Alan Menken
Movies composed by John Powell
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
3D re-releases
Michael Dorn (born December 9, 1952) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is best known for his role as the Klingon Worf in Star Trek: The Next Generation.

Dorn was born on December 9, 1952 in Luling, Texas. He studied at Pasadena City College.

References

Other websites
 
 

1952 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Texas
John George O'Hurley (born October 9, 1954) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his role as J. Peterman in Seinfeld.

O'Hurley was born on October 9, 1954 in Kittery, Maine. He studied at Kingswood-Oxford School and at Providence College. O'Hurley was married to Eva LaRue from 1992 until they divorced in 1994. He has been married to Lisa Mesloh since 2004. With Mesloh, he has a son.

He was the host of Family Feud from 2006 to 2010. He left the show in 2010 and was replaced by Steve Harvey.

References

Other websites
 The official John O'Hurley web site
  
 

1954 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American game show hosts
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Maine
Comedians from Maine
Kathy Ann Najimy (born February 6, 1957) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress who is known for her voice role as Peggy Hill in King of the Hill.

Najimy was born on February 6, 1957 in San Diego, California. She studied at Como Elementary School. She has been married to Dan Finnerty since 1995. They have a daughter.

References

Other websites

Official website

1957 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from San Diego, California
Writers from San Diego, California
Comedians from San Diego, California
American LGBT rights activists
Lionel Wilson (Lionel Lazarus Salzer, March 22, 1924 – April 30, 2003) was an American voice, radio, stage, television, and movie actor who is known for his voice role as Eustace Bagge in Courage the Cowardly Dog and for voicing all the characters for popular 1950s animated TV series Tom Terrific.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Arthur Anderson (August 29, 1922 – April 9, 2016) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. His career began on radio during the early 1930s. Anderson was known for his voice role as Eustace Bagge in Courage the Cowardly Dog.

References

Other websites
 

1922 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
People from Albany, New York
Montel Brian Anthony Williams (born July 3, 1956) is an American movie, television, voice, radio actor, activist, and talk show host who is known for being the host of his own show The Montel Williams Show. He has won an Emmy Award.

Williams was born on July 3, 1956 in Baltimore, Maryland. He has been married to Rochele See from 1982 until they divorced in 1989. Then he was married to Grace Morley from 1992 until they divorced in 2000. He is now married to Tara Fowler since 2007. With See, he has two children. Then with Morley he has two children.

References

Other websites

 

1956 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
American activists
Actors from Baltimore
Emmy Award winning actors
Charles Elmer "Rip" Taylor, Jr. (January 13, 1931 – October 6, 2019) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio actor, activist, entertainer, and comedian who was known for his roles in Indecent Proposal, Tom and Jerry: The Movie, DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp, Thing Are Tough All Over Again, Jackass, and in Alex & Emma. He also hosted a beauty pageant show The $1.98 Beauty Show from 1978 to 1980.

Taylor was born on January 13, 1931 in Washington, D.C.. He was inspired by Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, Redd Foxx, and Mickey Rooney. He inspired Dana Snyder. He was openly gay. 

Taylor died of congestive heart failure at a hospital in Beverly Hills, California on October 6, 2019 at the age of 88. A week before his death, he had a seizure.

References

Other websites
Rip Taylor's personal webpage
1931 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from seizure
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Comedians from Washington, D.C.
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
American activists
LGBT actors
LGBT comedians
Gay men
Actors from Washington, D.C.