Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The 2008 South Ossetia war was a military conflict that started on 8 August 2008, between Georgia, South Ossetian (and Abkhazian) secessionists and Russia.

South Ossetia and Abkhazia are territories within Georgia that declared independence from Georgia and have been acting in a de facto independent capacity since the early 1990s. Neither state has been diplomatically recognised by any member of the United Nations. The conflict began on August 8, 2008, after Georgia claimed South Ossetian separatists had broken a ceasefire by attacking villages, although South Ossetian officials deny that they attacked villages. Georgia launched a military offensive to surround and capture the capital of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali.

Russian military troops entered the war at the side of South Ossetia and won the conflict. Georgia launched the Georgia versus Russia (Hague court application, 2008)
in the International Court of Justice.

The war ended on Saturday August 16th, 2008.

References
References

Other websites 
 Official information from Georgia's government  President of the Republic of Poland
 State Committee of Information and Press of the Republic of South Ossetia

Map resources 
 Topographic maps of the region from Poyehali

Videos 
 BBC World News Youtube Channel
 Russia Today Youtube Channel
 A journey to South Ossetia 2007 documentary about life in South Ossetia
 Russian convoy moving towards Tskhinvali, 06:20
 Destruction in Tskhinvali, 01:36
 Casualties in Tskhinvali, 05:17
 Damaged hospital building in Tskhinvali, 02:17

2008 in Europe
2000s in Russia
Abkhazia
History of Georgia (country)
South Ossetia
Wars involving Russia
2008 in Asia
August 2008 events
Caucasus
Wars involving Asia
Wars involving Europe
Wars of independence
2000s conflicts
The Horst-Wessel-Lied ("Horst Wessel Song"), also known as Die Fahne hoch ("The flag on high", from its opening line), was the anthem of the Nazi Party from 1930 to 1945. From 1933 to 1945 it was also part of Germany's national anthem.

History
The lyrics of the song were composed in 1929 by Horst Wessel, a Nazi activist and local commander of the Nazi militia, the SA, in the Berlin district of Friedrichshain. Wessel was assassinated by a Communist activist in January 1930, and the propaganda apparatus of Berlin Gauleiter Dr Joseph Goebbels made him the leading martyr of the Nazi Movement. The song became the official Song of Consecration (Weihelied) for the Nazi Party, and was much used at party functions and sung by the SA during street parades.
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the Horst-Wessel-Lied was recognised as a national symbol by a law issued on May 19, 1933. Nazi Germany thus had a double anthem, consisting of the first verse of the Deutschlandlied followed by the Horst Wessel-Lied. A regulation attached to a printed version of the Horst Wessel-Lied in 1934 required the right arm to be raised in a "Hitler salute" when the first and fourth verses were sung.

With the fall of the Nazi regime in 1945, the Horst-Wessel-Lied was banned, and both the lyrics and the tune remain illegal in Germany and Austria to this day except for educational and scholarly uses (under sections 86 and 86a of the Strafgesetzbuch).

Lyrics 
The lyrics of the Horst-Wessel-Lied were published in the Berlin Nazi newspaper, Der Angriff, in September 1929, attributed to "Der Unbekannte SA-Mann" ("the Unknown SA-Man"), as follows:
The "Rotfront" ("Red Front") was a reference to the Rotfrontkämpferbund, a communist militia tied to the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). It was common for Nazis' Sturmabteilung and Communists' Redfront to attack each other in violent street fights, which eventually grew into full-scale battles after 1930. "Reaction" was a reference to the conservative parties and the liberal democratic German state of the Weimar Republic period, which made several unsuccessful attempts to ban the SA. "Servitude" means what the Nazis saw as Germany's "servitude" to the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, which imposed huge reparations on Germany and deprived her of her colonies and territory along her eastern border.

Some changes were made to the lyrics after Wessel's death:

The dropping of the reference to "barricades" reflected the Nazi Party's desire in the period 1930-33 to be seen as a constitutional political party aiming at taking power by legal means rather than as a revolutionary party.
The line "Kameraden, die Rotfront und Reaktion erschossen" is ghastly German, but it was never amended.

After Wessel's death, new stanzas were composed in his honour. These were frequently sung by the SA but did not become part of the official lyrics used on party or state occasions.

Melody 

After Wessel's death, he was officially credited with having composed the melody as well as having written the lyrics for the Horst-Wessel-Lied. Between 1930 and 1933, however, German critics disputed this claim, pointing out that the melody had a long prior history. Such criticism became impossible after 1933.
The most likely immediate source for the melody was a song popular in the German Imperial Navy during World War I, which Wessel would no doubt have heard being sung by Navy veterans in the Berlin of the 1920s. The song was known either by its opening line as Vorbei, vorbei, sind all die schönen Stunden, or as the Königsberg-Lied, after the German light cruiser Königsberg, which is mentioned in one version of the song's lyrics. The opening stanza of the song is:

Another German song, Der Abenteurer (The Adventurer), begins:

In 1936 a German music critic, Alfred Weidemann, published an article in which he identified the melody of a song composed in 1865 by the Weimar composer Peter Cornelius as the "Urmelodie" (source-melody). According to Weidemann, Cornelius described the tune as a "Viennese folk tune." This appeared to him to be the ultimate origin of the melody of the Horst-Wessel-Lied.
The musical score is much more complex than the text of the song; given its characteristics, it could easily be sung even by people without much singing practice, and be played by amateur bands. Often, fanfares were used to give a more military touch to the tune. 

See also the Wikipedia article on Carl Boberg (1859-1940), particularly the note on similarities and dissimilarities between "Horst Wessel Lied" and the Swedish tune O STORE GUD (widely sung as "How Great Thou Art").

Other uses 

During the 1930s and '40s the Horst-Wessel-Lied was adapted for use by fascist groups in other European countries. The anthem of the British Union of Fascists was set to the same tune, and its lyrics were to some extent modelled on the Horst-Wessel-Lied, but appealing to British nationalism rather than German nationalism. Its opening stanza was:
Comrades, the voices of the dead battalions, 
Of those who fell, that Britain might be great, 
Join in our song, for they still march in spirit with us, 
And urge us on, to gain the fascist state!

In Spain, the Falange fascist movement sang to the same tune:

While in Vichy France the fascists of the radical Milice sang:

Parodies 

Between 1930 and 1933 the German Communists and Social Democrats sang various parodies of the Horst-Wessel-Lied during their street battles with the SA. Some simply changed the political character of the song, such as:

The Stahlhelm was a veterans' organisation closely aligned with the Nazis.

Others substituted completely new lyrics:

Ernst Thälmann was the KPD leader.

These versions were of course banned once the Nazis came to power and the Communist and Social Democratic parties repressed. But during the years of the Third Reich the song was parodied in various underground versions, most of them poking fun at the corruption of the Nazi elite. One version ran:
Wilhelm Frick was the Interior Minister. Baldur von Schirach was the Hitler Youth leader. Heinrich Himmler was head of the SS and police.

In the first year of the Nazi regime radical elements of the SA sang their own parody of the song, reflecting their disappointment that the "socialist" element of National Socialism had not been realised:

Kurt Schmitt was Economics Minister 1933-35.

References 

This article is largely based on George Boderick, "The Horst-Wessel-Lied: A Reappraisal," International Folklore Review Vol. 10 (1995): 100-127, available online here

Other websites 

 Text and melody (MID format),  song  (MP3 format)
 Text of the German Criminal Code §86 and §86a (in English)
 AFRIKAKORPS.Org / AANA Songs of the Desert 

Nazism
Historical anthems
Anthems of organisations
German anthems
1920s songs
Identity is an word used in the social sciences to describe a person's understanding of him or herself as an individual.

Related pages 
Cultural identity
Gender identity
Identity document
Identity politics

 

Social sciences
Sociology
Philip Gidley King (April 23, 1758 – September 3, 1808) was a sailor in the British Royal Navy who became the third Governor of New South Wales.

Early life
King was born in Launceston, Cornwall. His father was a draper, selling cloth and fabrics. He joined the navy in 1770 at the age of 12. He was made the captain's servant on the HMS Swallow. He served in the West Indies and then fought in the American War of Independence. He became a midshipman and later a lieutenant. He served with Captain Arthur Phillip in HMS Ariadne. He went to India with Phillip in 1783 in the ship HMS Europe. Phillip was very pleased with King. He made King a lieutenant on HMS Sirius when he took the First Fleet to Australia in 1787 to start the penal colony.
Norfolk Island
Three weeks after the First Fleet got to Sydney, Governor Phillip sent King to Norfolk Island. His task was to set up a small penal colony that would make use of the timber and flax growing on the island. These would be of use to the British Navy. He arrived at the island on March 3, 1788. There was no safe place to land on the island and this made it a difficult place to have a settlement. King had a group of 23 people including 15 convicts. Over the next two years they began clearing land (removing trees) to grow crops and to raise cattle and other animals. King was made Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island. In March 1790, Phillip sent King back to England. He was to go back and tell the British government about the problems of the new settlements in Australia.
King stayed in London for about four months. He married Anna Josepha Coombe on March 11, 1791, and they left for Australia four days later. After reporting to Phillip in Sydney, they were back on Norfolk Island in November, where his son Phillip Parker King was born.

Return to Norfolk Island

While he had been away, Norfolk had been governed by Lieutenant-Governor Robert Ross. Phillip had moved Ross to the island because of his difficulties in working with him at Sydney. When King arrived, the convicts, settlers and soldiers were very unhappy because of Ross's leadership. King made new rules, which made things better for people who wanted to settle on the island, many of whom had been marines or convicts. In 1794 the island was growing all of the wheat it needed, and had so many pigs it was able to send food to Sydney.
The flax on the island was too hard to turn into cloth. Two Maoris from New Zealand were kidnapped and brought to Norfolk to teach people how to work the flax. The two men did not know about flax, because in New Zealand it was work done by the women. In November 1793, King left the island for ten days to take the men back home. He did not have permission to leave and got into trouble from Lieutenant-Governor Francis Grose. King also had problems with many of the soldiers. They said he punished them more than the convicts. King arrested 20 soldiers and charged them with mutiny, and sent them to Sydney. Grose released the soldiers and told the soldiers on Norfolk that they were in charge, not King. These orders were later changed by the Duke of Portland.

King became ill with gout, and in October 1796 Governor John Hunter let him go back to England to get medical treatment.
England
He soon became better with proper medical treatment. He began to look for work, and Phillip wanted the government to send him back to New South Wales to be the new governor. After many delays, he set out for Australia in a new ship partly designed by Sir Joseph Banks. This ship turned out to be unsafe, and could not sail in rough seas. King was forced to return to England. After further delays, he finally sailed on the ship Speedy, and arrived in Sydney on November 26, 1799.

Governor of New South Wales
Hunter remained in charge until he could arrange to sail back to England in Spetember, 1800. King as the new governor, immediately set about to try and make changes. He wanted to control the amount of alcohol being brought to Australia by the military and sold at a profit. For example, the two surgeons that came to Australia on the Speedy had brought 4359 gallons (19,816 litres) of alcohol to sell. He tried to get merchants in Calcutta and the US not to send alcohol. He started a brewery to make beer, hoping this would be less of a problem than the alcohol like rum.
King was often in conflict with the military, the New South Wales Corps. As soldiers, they did not like taking orders from a naval officer. They felt that their duties were to protect New South Wales, and not to be responsible for the convicts. They wanted the colony to be run like a prison, even though there was no other people but them to run it. They objected to freed convicts being given any rights or land. King's changes had also upset their money making schemes through the sale of alcohol and other goods. King's orders were often ignored or disobeyed. In 1801 he sent an officer, John Macarthur, back to England to be tried for refusing orders and fighting a duel with his commanding officer. Instead of going to trial, Macarthur was able to make the British government believe that he was innocent, and all the problem were caused by King's lack of ability. Macarthur left the army and returned to Australia in July 1805 as a hero, having been told he could have  of the best land
. King asked for leave, and was told his resignation was accepted.
Death
King had to stay until August 1806 so that a new governor could be sent out. His health broke down and he was not fit to sail until February 1807. He reached England in November 1807. King died on September 3, 1808, and was buried in London.

References

1758 births
1806 deaths
Governors of New South Wales
People from Cornwall
Royal Navy officers
Carrying convicts 
The 1700s were a period of great change in Europe, and especially in England. There was an industrial revolution. This was a time when many machines were being invented for use in large factories. With machines now doing the ordinary tasks of men, people were left without jobs and wages. This made it very difficult to survive. Men, women and even children resorted to theft in order to live. With the rise of machines, farmers were also forced to move to the city to look for jobs. As a result, London had become very overcrowded, and so had the prisons. In fact, prisons had become so overcrowded that convicts had been relegated to hulks (floating prisons). 

To solve the problem, the British Government made the decision to settle what is now Australia in order to transport convicts and soldiers to a new penal settlement in Botany Bay.

There were 11 ships altogether. Two navy ships, six convict transports and three store ships.
The journey 
The First Fleet left Portsmouth, England on 13 May 1787. The entire journey took 252 days (a little over 8 months). From England, the fleet sailed to Australia making stops in Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town. They arrived in Botany Bay in mid-January 1788. 

The journey began with good weather so Captain Phillip decided to let the convicts up on deck.  However the weather would become very hot and humid as the Fleet sailed through the tropics. Tropical rainstorms meant that the convicts could not exercise on deck during this time, as they had no change of clothes and no method of drying wet clothing. As a result, they were kept below deck in the foul, cramped holds.

Some convicts on the Scarborough planned a mutiny but were caught, but most convicts were well behaved.
On 3 June 1787, the fleet arrived at Santa Cruz at Tenerife. Fresh water, vegetables and meat were brought on board. On 10 June they left to cross the Atlantic to Rio de Janeiro. The weather was very hot and there were lots of storms. Many people became sick and there were lots of rats, bedbugs, lice, cockroaches and fleas. People were only allowed to drink three pints of water each day (about one and a half litres).

The fleet reached Rio de Janeiro on 5 August. The ships were cleaned and fixed. More water, clothing and lots of food was taken on board. The fleet left on 4 September and reached Cape Town on 13 October. They bought plants, seeds and animals to take to Australia. The animals included: two bulls, seven cows, one stallion, three mares, 44 sheep, 32 pigs, four goats and poultry. They left on 12 November.
From Cape Town it took the Fleet two months to reach Australia. Phillip took a few ships ahead to start building at Botany Bay. They arrived on 18 January 1788. The other ships arrived only two days after he did.

Food and Drinks 
Convicts were given two thirds of the amount normally provided for sailors. Each week, a sailor was given:
 Bread (really a hard biscuit) - 7lbs
 Salt pork - 4 lbs, the salt stopped the meat from becoming rotten.
 Salt beef - 7 lbs
 Peas - 2 lbs
 Oatmeal - 3 lbs
 Butter - 6ozs
 Cheese - 3/4 lb
 Vinegar - 1/2 pint
 Water - 3 quarts each day

As well as this food, there was sometimes rice, dried fish, and soup. When the ships were in a harbour there was also fresh meat and vegetables. Women and children were given a slightly different list of food. Sick people were also given wine and spirits.

When the Fleet arrived in Sydney, Arthur Phillip worked out they only had enough food for 49 weeks. He should have been given enough for two years.
Other drinks 
The Fleet also took a number of animals, plants and seeds. The animals included sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, goats, turkeys, geese, ducks, chickens, pigeons, horses, and cattle. Plants and seeds included coffee, cocoa, cotton, bananas,  Oranges, lemons, tamarinds, guava, prickly pear, eugenia or pomme rose, jalap, ipecacuanha, figs, bamboo, sugar cane, esparto grass, vines, quinces, apples, pears, oranges strawberries, oaks, myrtles, rice, wheat, barley, and maize. Some of this was brought from England, and the rest from when the Fleet stopped at Rio de Janeiro and Capetown

Arrival in Australia 

The first ship, Supply, reached Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Aboriginal people from the Cadigal tribe saw the First Fleet ships arrive.  Phillip soon decided that this site, picked by Sir Joseph Banks, was not suitable. It had poor soil, no safe place to leave the ships, and no drinking water. Phillip decided to go north to Port Jackson.
On 26 January the marines and convicts arrived at Sydney Cove. 1403 people left Portsmouth. On the voyage 7 babies were born. 69 people died or left the ships. 1332 people landed in Port Jackson which is now known as Sydney. It was a successful trip, as only 40 convicts had died. Phillip named the settlement Sydney after Lord Sydney, the British government's Home Secretary.

The Aboriginal people from the Eora nation lived in the Sydney area.  They could not understand why the British wanted to own their land and make farms with fences.  The British did not understand the Aboriginal people's way of living and there was a lot of fighting and many people died.
Once in Australia, convicts were ordered to build the infrastructure (buildings and prisons) for the new colony. Their punishment was work. Convicts were expected to work everyday except Sunday from sunrise until sunset without a break. Male prisoners were required to do very hard labour. Female convicts often worked as household servants, cooking, cleaning and sometimes taking  care of children. Some of the convicts had special skills and did work such as keeping records, printing, making pottery and keeping the town clocks. Many convicts were sent to work for free settlers. Free settlers were people who came to Australia to make a new life. 

Strict rules were enforced by prison officers. If convicts broke the rules, they could be whipped with the ‘cat-o’-nine-tails’ or kept in solitary confinement for several days, with only bread and water to eat.
There was a shortage of food during the first few years of the colony. Crops did not grow well so people relied on supplies from Great Britain. Eventually, food

Ships of the First Fleet 

Naval escorts:
 HMS Sirius - the Flagship (leader) of the fleet
 HMS Supply
Convict transports:
 Alexander
 Charlotte
 Friendship
 Lady Penrhyn
 Prince Of Wales
 Scarborough
Food Transport:
 Golden Grove
 Fishburn
 Borrowdale

Related pages 
 Arthur Phillip, the man in charge of the First Fleet
 Rose Hill, New South Wales

References 

 
1787
18th century in Australia
Setesdal is a valley in the county of Aust-Agder, in the south part of Norway .

History
Since the 1200s, one can find papers, where the name "Setesdal" , has been written.

Valleys
Geography of Norway
Agder
Creation
Homeopaths make their medicines by taking the ingredients, adding water, and shaking the mixture. They then take a drop of the mixture, throw out the rest, and add more water. They do this usually 30 times but sometimes up to 200 times. They call it potentisation. Hahnemann said this would bring out the "spirit-like medicinal powers held within a drug". Science can show how many atoms or molecules—tiny things that cannot be divided up any more—of the original substance are left in the homeopathic drug. Most homeopathic drugs do not contain even a single molecule of the original substance. Homeopaths believe that the solution carries a "memory" of the original substance. Science says that goes against the laws of physics and chemistry.
Disputes
Homeopathy became popular because it was created at a time when medicine did not work very well and could make people sick. Back then, taking homeopathy might have kept people from getting hurt by bad doctors. However, medicine has improved since then, and now helps a lot more than it hurts people. Some homeopaths have told their patients not to take medicines like antibiotics and vaccines that could cure (or keep them from getting) dangerous diseases. Hence the use of homeopathy, instead of obtaining real medical help, can cause unnecessary suffering, disease and/or death.

References

Alternative medicine
Vest-Telemark is the name of an area, in the south of Norway .

Some of the towns are: Fyresdal, Tokke, Vinje, Nissedal, Kviteseid, and  Seljord.

In no area, has one found more traces ( examples or  evidence ) of the  Old Norse  language and  grammar.

Geography of Norway
Vestfold og Telemark
Shirley Temple, or Shirley Temple Black (April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, diplomat and television series hostess. Temple has the distinction of being the first Academy Juvenile Award recipient in 1934.

Acting career

Movies 
Temple began her movie career at age 3 in a series of Poverty Row shorts starring very young children clad in diapers.  In 1934, she soared to superstardom in Bright Eyes. Other movies followed that exploited her waiflike charm and abundant talent such as Curly Top, The Little Colonel, Dimples, Wee Willie Winkie, and The Little Princess.

The public adored the child Temple, but her popularity declined as she grew into a young woman. She made several bombs in her teens, but three have become highly regarded classics: Since You Went Away, Fort Apache with Henry Fonda and John Wayne, and The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer with Cary Grant and Myrna Loy. Temple married John Agar in 1945. In 1950 she married Charles Black and retired from the movie industry at age 22.
Television 
Marriage and motherhood occupied Temple in the following years, but she returned to show biz in the late 1950s with the television series, Shirley Temple's Storybook for NBC. The series was child/family-oriented with dramatizations of fairy tales like Beauty and the Beast, children's stories like Pippi Longstocking, and more mature fare like The House of Seven Gables and Victor Herbert's Broadway musical, Babes in Toyland.  Celebrity stars like Charlton Heston, Tor Johnson, Sterling Holloway, Elsa Lanchester, and Agnes Moorehead appeared in the series. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award in children's programming. It faced stiff competition from other networks, and left the air after two seasons.
Politics 
Temple became active in the Republican Party in California. In 1967, she unsuccessfully ran for the United States House of Representatives. Temple was extensively involved with the Commonwealth Club of California, a public-affairs forum in San Francisco.  She spoke at several of the meetings through the years and served as its president in 1984.

Temple was appointed Representative to the 24th United Nations General Assembly by President Richard M. Nixon (September – December 1969), and was appointed United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford. She was appointed first female Chief of Protocol of the United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977), and was in charge of arrangements for President Jimmy Carter's inauguration and inaugural ball. She served as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having been appointed by President George H. W. Bush.
Illness and death 
Temple had breast cancer in the early 1970s and had a mastectomy. She died on February 10, 2014 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at her Woodside, California home, at the age of 85.

Other websites 

 "Official site" (Legend Films memorabilia and merchandise site authorized by Shirley Temple Black)
 
 
 ShirleyTempleFans.com
 Female Frontiers QuestChat Archive: Shirley Temple  and biography 
 Shirley Temple movies for free download
 Shirley Temple Theatre 
 Shirley Temple's Storybook 
 Photographs of Shirley Temple

References

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Santa Monica, California
American child actors
American child singers
American movie actors
American television actors
Ambassadors of the United States
Deaths from COPD
Disease-related deaths in California
Politicians from California
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Singers from California
Republican Party (United States) politicians
1928 births
2014 deaths
People from Atherton, California
Stev is a form of poetry. It can be found in lyric poetry from Scandinavia. Stev are made of stanzas, that have four lines

The different types of stev
There are different types of stev:
 gamle-stev or "gamlestev" is the oldest type. It is likely that gamle-stev were danced.  The earliest gamle-stev have been found from around the end of the 1200's. Most gamle-stevs are from Setesdal and Vest-Telemark. Some gamle-stev may be part of folk songs. The gamle-stev is the only part of the folk song which was passed down from generation to generation. The rest of the folk song is no longer known.
 ny-stev or "nystev" have probably been around since about year 1700. Most ny-stevs have been replaced by rural folksongs in Telemark, but not in Setesdal.
 om-kved or "omkved" are similar to refrains in ballads. Inn-stev, etter-stev, mellom-sleng  and etter-sleng  are different types of om-kved.
 slåtte-stev or "slåttestev" are instrumental dance songs.
 herme-stev or hermestev are often referred to as "parody-quote" stev. The contain apologetic proverbs (also known as Wellerisms).

The people who can perform stev
A person who can perform a stev, is known as a kveder (a type of artist). Aslak Brekke is possibly the most well known of those who have been recorded. A kveder from Setesdal, when performing stev, usually sings more slowly, than a kveder from Telemark. One reason for this may be that the text of Setesdal stev are usually more meditative (or elegiac).

Notes

References

Poetry forms
The Wario series is a series of games that star Wario and a spin-off of the Mario series. It started out with Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3, and has grown to have its new spin-off series with WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$!

Characters
Wario - the main character in the games who often tries to get more money. Even though he's very greedy, he's helped a lot of people out, mostly because of a reward. In the WarioWare series, Wario owns his own video game company.
Wario Land
Captain Syrup - A female pirate who is Wario's first enemy besides Mario in Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins. She steals a Princess Peach statue in Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3, and Wario tries to steal it so that he can sell it to Mario and Peach. She later appears in Wario Land II and Wario Land: The Shake Dimension.
Rudy the Clown - Another enemy of Wario. He's a giant, ugly clown with floating hands. He first appears in Wario Land 3, but appears again in Dr. Mario 64 fighting Wario and Dr. Mario, and in Wario Land: The Shake Dimension.
Princess Shokora - A Princess in Wario Land 4 who gets turned into a cat by a woman called Golden Diva.
Golden Diva - A rich, evil woman who lives in a giant Pyramid in Wario Land 4.
Black Jewel - An evil jewel who takes over Wario's castle in Wario World and turns all his money into monsters.
Goodstyle - A talking wand who asks Wario to help him beat Count Cannoli in Wario: Master of Disguise.
Count Cannoli - A thief in Wario: Master of Disguise.
Carpaccio - A chemist and a thief in Wario: Master of Disguise.
Terrormisu - An evil demon sealed into a stone called a Wishstone in Wario: Master of Disguise.
Shay King - The villain of Wario Land: The Shake Dimension who steals a magic purse and a woman that makes a never-ending flow of gold, and Wario tries to defeat him to save the princess and steal the magic purse.
WarioWare
WarioWare adds many new characters who are employees of Wario's company, WarioWare.
Mona - A young girl who, while working for WarioWare, also does other jobs like delivering pizza, serving ice cream, cheerleading, and being a pop star. She rides on a vespa scooter and has a monkey, a pig, and an elephant to help her.
Jimmy T. - A dancer who's a fan of disco. He has a cell phone that he likes to play games on when he's not dancing. He has a blue afro, but it is also green and pink in WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$! He has four relatives - his parents are named Papa T. and Mama T., and he has a brother and sister named James T. and Jamie T. He also has a look-alike called Jimmy P.
Dr. Crygor - A scientist who helps Wario out often and makes inventions for him to use.
9-Volt and 18-Volt - 9-Volt and 18-Volt are two video game players in grade school.
5-Volt - 5-Volt is 9-Volt's mother.
Kat & Ana - Two ninja kindergarteners who fight evil.
Orbulon - A very smart alien who crash lands on Earth, and often gets into trouble in space.
Dribble and Spitz - A dog and a cat who also work as taxi drivers.
Ashley - A young witch who casts spells and makes potions. She has a friend and pet called Red, a tiny demon.
Mike - A robot made by Dr. Crygor. He uses a microphone.
Penny Crygor - Dr. Crygor's daughter. She's also very smart.
Young Cricket and Master Mantis - A student and his master. They practice martial arts.
Wario-Man - Wario's super-hero form. Wario can become him in more than one way, but one way is that he eats bad garlic.
Games
Mario & Wario 1993, Super Nintendo Entertainment System
Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3 1994, Game Boy
Wario's Woods 1994, Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Nintendo Entertainment System
Wario Blast: Featuring Bomberman! 1994, Game Boy
Virtual Boy Wario Land 1995, Virtual Boy
Wario Land II 1998, Game Boy and Game Boy Color
Wario Land 3 2000, Game Boy Color
Wario Land 4 2001, Game Boy Advance
WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$! 2003, Game Boy Advance
Wario World 2003, Nintendo GameCube
WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Party Game$! 2003, Nintendo GameCube
WarioWare: Twisted! 2004, Game Boy Advance
WarioWare: Touched! 2004, Nintendo DS
WarioWare: Smooth Moves 2006, Wii
Wario: Master of Disguise 2007, Nintendo DS
Wario Land: The Shake Dimension 2008, Wii
WarioWare DIY 2009, Nintendo DS
Game & Wario 2013, Wii U
WarioWare Gold 2018, Nintendo 3DS
WarioWare: Get it Together 2021, Nintendo Switch
WarioWare: Move It! 2023, Nintendo Switch
Appearances in the Super Smash Bros. series
The series' first appearance in the Super Smash Bros. series was in Super Smash Bros. Melee, but it was only as a collectible trophy. In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Wario is a playable character, and can be in both his biker outfit from WarioWare or his plumber outfit from Wario Land. There is also a level based on WarioWare, collectible trophies and stickers from his series, and music from the WarioWare series.

Wario
Nintendo Research & Development 1, also known as Nintendo R&D1, is a division of Nintendo. They are responsible for the Metroid series and the WarioWare series, among others.

Nintendo
Pluck or plucking may mean:

Plucking (hair removal), the removal of hair, fur, or feathers
Feather-plucking, a behavior in birds
Plucking post as used by birds of prey to eat their prey 
Plucking (glaciation), a process related to glaciers
Pluck (card game), a card game
Pluck (offal), from livestock
One of two U.S. Navy ships named USS Pluck
Plucking, a way of playing a stinged musical instrument.
Pluck (string trio), a comedy musical group
P.L.U.C.K., a song by System of a Down
Pluck (company), an Internet company owned by Demand Media
Uncle Bill “Tappy” Tapia (born January 1, 1908 – December 2, 2011) was an American musician, born in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents were Portuguese. At age 10, Tapia already had been a professional musician, playing “Stars and Stripes Forever” for World War I soldiers in Hawaii. 

His long career started in Vaudeville and soon after he became a jazz guitarist and ukulele player. He has worked with big names such as Bing Crosby, Louis Armstrong, and Elvis Presley and also worked with Hawaiian musicians such as King Bennie Nawahi, Sol Ho‘opi’i and Andy Iona. People think that Tapia is the first musician to play jazz on the ukulele.

Other websites

Interview with Uncle Bill Tapia - Part I
Interview with Uncle Bill Tapia - Part II
Uncle Bill Tapia Official Home Page
Podcast interview featuring Uncle Bill's live music and life story. 

1908 births
2011 deaths
American centenarians
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Hawaii
Vaudeville performers
People from Honolulu
WarioWare: Twisted! is a 2004 Game Boy Advance video game. It was made by Nintendo and is art of the WarioWare series.

Gameplay
Twisted! comes with a gyro sensor. The cartridge is a lot larger than in most Game Boy Advance games. Players tap the A button and twist the game around in order to play. 

Like the other games, Twisted! has many microgames. These last for only a few seconds and involve a simple thing the player must do. The player starts with four lives. After about 12-15 microgames, he or she plays the boss level. If they win, they earn another life. If they lose, they lose a life. The game ends when they have run out of lives.

Wario has gotten seven of his friends to help make games for him. Each one has a different theme, or way to play.

Story
 Wario
 Mona
 Jimmy T.
 Kat & Ana
 Jimmy's Folks (Remix)
 Dribble & Spitz
 Dr. Crygor
 WarioWatch
 Orbulon
 9-Volt & 18-Volt
 Wario-Man

Game Boy Advance games
2005 video games
Intelligent Systems games
Nintendo Research & Development 1 games
A punch is when a person puts their hand in a fist and thrusts it forward. This can be used for combat, or in some sports like boxing. Punch is the name of the blows that are thrown with the closed fist, striking, usually to other person, with the purpose of defence or attack.

The technique of the normal punch is performed closing the fist and striking with it. The fist is formed in a horizontal line along with the arm, being the element of usage of all the force performed the arm. There is other kind of punch in which the fist is placed vertically (with the palm of the hand directing towards a side instead of towards down) and directing slightly towards down in relation to the arm, in form where the fingers that blow are only the index finger and the ring finger. It is this latter the punch used usually in Kung-fu and the advised to person who had not had a proper training (because in this form it is much more difficult injury the wrist in case of doing it badly).
The punch is used, with different names and different techniques, in many martial arts, and also in systems of personal defence and attack without weapons, like in Tai-Jitsu.

Martial arts
Boxing
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the point of the game is usually to interact with the music. The genre has had many different types of music games, including games that use guitar controllers, drum controllers, and some that use a dance mat that the player has to dance on.

Guitar Hero is a well-known music video game.

Types of video games
 
Video game genres
Tempo (Italian for 'time, movement') is the speed of a song or piece of music. It is measured in beats per minute, or BPM. For example, if a song has 4 beats per bar at 100 BPM, there will be 25 bars per minute.

Basic Tempo Markings
From slowest to fastest:
 Larghissimo – extremely slow (24 BPM and under)
 Grave – slow and solemn (25–45 BPM)
 Lento – very slow (40–60 BPM)
 Langsam - slow but broad (40-60 BPM)
 Largo – slowly (45–50 BPM)
 Larghetto – quite broadly (60–69 BPM)
 Adagio – slow and stately (66–76 BPM)
 Adagietto – quite slow (72–76 BPM)
 Andante – at a walking pace (76–108 BPM)
 Andantino – quite faster than andante (but some cases it means a bit slower than andante) (80–108 BPM)
 Marcia moderato – moderately, in the style of a march (83–85 BPM)
 Andante moderato – between andante and moderato (thus the name) (92–98 BPM)
 Moderato – moderately (98–112 BPM)
Allegretto – by the mid-19th century, moderately fast (102–110 BPM)
 Allegro Moderato - moderately cheerful (116–120 BPM)
 Allegro – fast, quickly and bright (120–156 BPM) (molto allegro is slightly faster than allegro, but always in its range; 124-156 BPM).
 Vivace – lively and fast (156–176 BPM)
 Vivacissimo – very fast and lively (172–176 BPM)
Allegrissimo – very fast (172–176 BPM)
 Presto – very, very fast (168–200 BPM)
 Prestissimo – extremely fast, even faster than presto (200 BPM and over)
Terms for tempo change:
 Ritardando – little by little slowing down
 Ritenuto - slow down suddenly
 Accelerando – gradually accelerating

Additional Terms
 A piacere – literally "at pleasure"
 A tempo – at the same speed from the beginning
 L'istesso tempo or Lo stesso tempo – at the same speed
 Tempo comodo – at a comfortable (normal) speed
 Tempo di... – the speed of a ... (such as Tempo di valse (speed of a waltz, ≈60 bpm), Tempo di marcia (speed of a march, ≈120 bpm))
 Tempo semplice – simple, regular speed, plainly
Common Qualifiers
 alla – in the manner or style of, as in:
 alla breve – in short style,
 alla marcia – in the style of a march (e.g., Beethoven, op. 101)
 all' ongarese – in Hungarian style
 alla (danza) tedesca – in the style of the Ländler (c. 1800), and similar dances in rather quick triple meter (see Beethoven, op. 79, op. 130)
 alla turca – in the Turkish style, that is, in imitation of Turkish military music (Janizary music), which became popular in Europe in the late 18th century (e.g., Mozart, K. 331, K. 384)
 alla zingarese – in the style of Gypsy music
 assai – very much, as in allegro assai, quite fast
 ben – well, as in ben marcato (well marked or accented)
 con – with,
 con bravura – with skill
 con brio – with vigor and spirit
 con fuoco – with fire
 con moto – with motion
 fugato – in fugal style,
 in modo – in the style of, in the style of: in modo napolitano (in Neapolitan style), in modo di marcia funebre (in the style of a funeral march)
 meno – less, as in meno mosso (less quickly)
appena – almost none,
 misterioso – mysterious
 molto – much, very, as in molto allegro (very quick) or molto adagio (very slow)
 non troppo – not too much, e.g. allegro non troppo (or allegro ma non troppo) means "fast, but not too much"
 non tanto – not so much
 più – more, as in più allegro (more quickly);
 poco – little, as in Poco adagio
 poco a poco – little by little, bit by bit
 quasi – like a ... (Più allegro quasi presto, "faster, like presto")
 senza – without, as in senza interruzione (without pause), senza tempo
 sostenuto – sustained, prolonged
 subito – suddenly
References

Music theory
is a famous Japanese record producer, songwriter, and vocalist.

References 

Japanese singer-songwriters
1968 births
Living people
Musicians from Osaka Prefecture
A minigame is a small video game found in a bigger video game. There are games that only have mini-games, like Mario Party.

Types of video games
Video game gameplay
The United States Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) is the head of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The role was made in 1947. The Secretary of Defense is sixth in line to the United States presidential line of succession.

List of Secretaries
 Parties

 Status

References

Other websites

  – Includes the Secretary of Defense
 More information on each position and biographies of the current Deputy Secretary (DepSecDef) and Under Secretaries (USDs)

 
1947 establishments in the United States
Yoshio Sakamoto is a video game developer for Nintendo who works in Nintendo R&D 1. He was the co-creator of the Metroid series along with Gunpei Yokoi, and is in charge of most of the games released after Yokoi's death. He also works on Wario games, including games in the Wario Land series and the WarioWare series. He founded Team Shikamaru, which is dedicated to script writing. 

1959 births
Living people
Metroid
Nintendo people
An arcade game is a machine that is played using coins. Arcade games are found in restaurants, pubs, video arcades, and other places. Tabletop pinball games and video games are two common kinds of arcade games. 

The earliest arcade games were introduced at the end of the 19th century. Their popularity declined in the Western world during the 2000s, in Asian regions ten years thereafter.

The Apple App store categorized some apps into a category called "Arcade". One game that is in this category is Tiny Wings.
The  (CERO) is a group that rates video games in Japan. It was established in 2002 by the Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association. It does not rate games for personal computers.

Ratings

Video game ratings
TVE (Televisión Española) is a Spanish public television network.

Most famous programmes of TVE 
 ¡Mira Quien Baila!
 Canta SingStar
 Cuéntame
 Ese programa que me usted habla (Spanish series TV)

Television networks
Two and a Half Men is an American sitcom which was first shown on CBS on September 22, 2003 and ended on February 19, 2015. The series centers around a man named Charlie, whose lifestyle is interrupted when his brother Alan (who had just been divorced from his wife) moves in to his Malibu, California house, along with Alan's son Jake.

The show has temporarily stopped because it was announced that Charlie Sheen was entering rehab.

On March 7, 2011, the network fired Charlie Sheen from Two and a Half Men. The network did not state if the show would go on or not.

The show is rated M in New Zealand for drug references and sexual references.
Characters 
 Charlie Sheen as Charles Francis "Charlie" Harper, a ladies man, never married, jingle/children's song writer who picks on his younger brother Alan but really loves him. He likes his nephew Jake and gives him advice.
 Jon Cryer as Alan Jerome Harper, Charlie's twice-divorced brother, who always has bad luck and is constantly teased by Charlie. After losing his house to Judith after the divorce, he is staying with Charlie. He is a generally nice and polite person but seems to have a weakness for women who treat him badly that comes from the loveless relationship he had with his and Charlie's mom.
 Angus T. Jones as Jacob David "Jake" Harper, Alan's lazy and stupid son. He spends most of his free time playing video games, eating and watching television. He loves his father and uncle but is often rude to them.
Marin Hinkle as Judith Harper, Alan's first ex-wife. She hates Alan and takes every chance she gets to make him look stupid. She was the first woman Alan ever slept with, but their marriage was cold and Alan said that the only time she was ever happy being sexual was when she was pregnant with Jake.
 Holland Taylor as Evelyn Harper, Charlie and Alan's selfish mother, and Jake's grandmother.
 Melanie Lynskey (Starring Seasons 1-2; Recurring Season 3-), as their neighbor Rose, a sometime stalker of Charlie. She often enters and exits Charlie's house by climbing onto the patio. She has stated that she has a Masters Degree in psychology.
 Kandi, Alan's young, second ex-wife. After an unplanned wedding in Las Vegas, Kandi divorced him and got their condo, but they continued to have regular booty calls.
Awards and nominations 

The show has received lots of nominations, including 23 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and 2 Golden Globe nominations. Conchata Ferrell and Holland Taylor were both nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series, in 2005 and 2007 (and Taylor again in 2008). Jon Cryer was nominated three times for Outstanding Supporting Actor - Comedy Series (in 2006, 2007 and 2008) and Charlie Sheen was nominated for the Outstanding Lead Actor - Comedy Series in 2006, 2007 and 2008, along with two Golden Globe nominations in 2005 and 2006 for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy. Picture Editor Joe Bella received two Emmys in the category Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Series, for the episodes "That Special Tug" (2006) and "Release the Dogs" (2007). Martin Sheen was nominated for the Outstanding Guest Actor - Comedy Series Emmy in 2006.

References
References 

2003 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
2000s American sitcoms
2010s American sitcoms
CBS network shows
Emmy Award winning programs
Malibu, California
Television series about brothers
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series set in Los Angeles County, California
English-language television programs
Real Oviedo is a Spanish football Club. It was founded in March 26 1926. Its home stadium is Carlos Tartiere in Oviedo. Real Oviedo has won the Spanish League Cup once.

Seasons 
Primera División (First division): 38
Segunda División (Second division): 37
Segunda División B (Third division): 9
Tercera División (Fourth division): 4

Real Oviedo was relegated to Tercera División due to financial problems in 2003.

Real Oviedo have played in season 2008/09 at Tercera División, the fourth category in Spanish football. It finished in first place in regular tournament, which allowed to play a play-off to promote to Segunda División B. Real Oviedo have won a place in Segunda División B beating Mallorca B in play-off matches.

League position

Former position

1926 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Spain
Spanish football clubs
Oviedo
Franklin "Frank" Thomas (September 5, 1912 – September 8, 2004) was an American movie animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men. He worked on many Disney movies until he retired in 1978. Later on, he wrote the animation book The Illusion of Life with good friend and fellow animator Ollie Johnston. Animator Chuck Jones once said that Thomas was the "Laurence Olivier of all animators."

Animated Films 
 Forget Paris (1995) - the voice of Pirates
 The Luke Movie (2000) - the voice of Train Engineer #2
 Logan and Luke (2000) - the voice of Train Engineer #2

Books (all with Johnston)
 The Illusion Of Life
 Too Funny For Words: Disney's Greatest Sight Gags
 The Disney Villain ()
 Bambi: The Story and the Film, along with a flip book

References

Other websites
 
 Frank and Ollie's official site
 Disney Legends
 AWN's tribute to Frank Thomas 
 Remembering Frank Thomas 

1912 births
2004 deaths
American animators
American voice actors
American movie directors
People from Fresno, California