Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting. Amen.

The United Methodist Hymnal also contains (at #882) what it calls the "Ecumenical Version" of the Creed. This version is identical to the one in the Episcopal Church's current Book of Common Prayer. This form of the Apostles' Creed is included in the Hymnal to be used during the Eucharist and baptisms. Because of this, it is getting more popular.

Ecumenical version of the English Language Liturgical Consultation
The English Language Liturgical Consultation (ELLC) is an international group whose goal is to provide texts that can be used and accepted by people of any Christian denomination. In 1988, it created a translation of the Apostles' Creed. One major change in this version is that it does not use the word "his" when talking about God. The text is as follows: 

I believe in God, the Father almighty,
creator of heaven and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, God's only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried;
he descended to the dead.
On the third day he rose again;
he ascended into heaven,
he is seated at the right hand of the Father,
and he will come to judge the living and the dead.

I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic Church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting. Amen.

Related pages
 Related creeds:
 Nicene Creed
 Doctrines:
 Communion of Saints
 One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church

Notes and References

Other websites 
 The prayer on roman-catholic-prayers.com 

Christian creeds
Ancient Christianity
Matcha (pronounce: "MA-cha") also spelt maccha (Japanese: 抹茶), is a fine, powdered green tea. It is used in Japanese tea ceremony and for dying and flavouring foods such as mochi and soba noodles, green tea ice cream and different types of wagashi (Japanese confectionery). The most famous Matcha-producing regions are Uji in Kyoto (tea from this region is called "Ujicha"), Nishio in Aichi (tea from this region is called "Nishiocha") both on the main island of Honshū; Shizuoka, and Kyushu.

Matcha costs more money than other kinds of tea. Its price depends on its quality (how good it is). It can be hard to find outside Japan, and also the special things that are used to make it and drink it.

History
History 

Powdered tea, stored and traded as tea bricks, seems to have been invented in China during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Making and drinking powdered tea was formed into a ritual (special ceremony) by the Chan Buddhists. These Buddhists use to drink from the same bowl as a sacrament.
Chan Buddhism (also known in Japanese as Zen), and powdered tea, were brought to Japan in 1191 by the monk Eisai. Powdered tea was slowly forgotten in China, but the 16th century tea master Sen no Rikyu made the rules of the Japanese tea ceremony. He said that matcha was the correct tea to use.

Production 
The preparation of matcha starts several weeks before harvest. At that time, the tea bushes are covered so that they do not get direct sunlight. This makes it grow slower and turns the leaves a darker shade of green. It also causes amino acids to be made, and these make the tea taste sweeter.
After harvesting, if the leaves are rolled out before drying as usual, the result will be gyokuro (jewel dew) tea. However, if the leaves are laid out flat to dry, they will crumble and become known as tencha (). Tencha can then be de-veined, de-stemmed, and ground (pressed) with a stone until it becomes the fine, bright green, talc-like powder known as matcha.

Only ground tencha can be called matcha: other powdered teas are known as konacha (, lit. "powdered tea").

Nearly all the flavour of matcha comes from the amino acids. The best matcha has more sweetness and a deeper flavour than the normal grades of tea harvested later in the year.

Grades 
The way that watcha is graded depends on several things:

Location on the green tea tree 
Leaves that are going to be made into tencha have to come from certain parts of the tree.
The very top of the tree has developing leaves that are soft and supple. This gives a finer texture to higher grades. More developed leaves are harder, giving lower grades a sandy texture. The better flavour is due to the tree sending all its nutrients to the growing leaves.

Chlorophyll's relationship to tannin is also important. Younger growth is greener and stronger in colour, while more developed leaves farther down the plant have had their chlorophyll changed gradually into tannin, which gives a more bitter flavour and duller brown-green colour.

Treatment before processing 
Tencha leaves are traditionally dried outside in the shade and are always kept away from direct sunlight. However, these days, drying has mostly moved indoors. Quality matcha is very green because of this treatment.

Stone grinding 
Stone grinding is quite difficult to do well. Without the right tools and technique, matcha can become "burnt" and is not such good quality.
Oxidation 
Matcha must be kept away from oxygen. Oxidation smells like hay and affects colour and texture.

Preparation 

Before it is served, the matcha is often forced through a sieve in order to break up clumps. There are special sieves available for this purpose. These sieves are usually made of stainless steel and combine a fine wire mesh sieve and a temporary storage container. A special wooden spatula is used to force the tea through the sieve, or a small, smooth stone may be put on top of the sieve and shaken gently.

If the sieved matcha is to be served at a Japanese tea ceremony, then it will be put into a small tea caddy called a chaki. Otherwise, it can be poured directly from the sieve into a tea bowl.
A small amount of matcha is placed into the bowl, traditionally using a bamboo scoop called a chashaku, and a small amount of hot (not boiling) water is added. The mixture is then whisked until it is all the same consistency (thickness). This is traditionally done with a special kind of whisk made of bamboo known as a chasen. There must be no lumps left in the liquid. Ideally no ground tea should remain on the sides of the bowl.

Usucha, or thin tea, is prepared with half a teaspoon of matcha and about 75 ml (2.5 oz) of hot water. Some drinkers (and schools of tea ceremony) prefer to whip the mixture to produce a light frothy "head," while others prefer as little foam as possible. Schools also vary on the amount of water and matcha. Usucha makes a lighter and slightly more bitter tea.
Koicha, or thick tea, needs much more matcha, as many as six teaspoons to 3/4 cup of water. Because the mixture is much thicker, blending it needs a slower, stirring movement which does not produce foam. Koicha produces a sweeter tea, and is almost always only served as part of Japanese tea ceremonies. Special chasen made for this purpose are often used.

Because matcha can be bitter, it is traditionally served with a small Japanese sweet.

Other uses 
Matcha is now a common ingredient in sweets. It is used in castella, manju, and monaka; as a topping for kakigori; mixed with milk and sugar as a drink; and mixed with salt and used to flavour tempura in a mixture known as matcha-jio. It is also used as flavouring in many Western-style chocolates, candy, and desserts, such as cakes and pastries (including Swiss rolls and cheesecake), cookies, pudding, mousse, and ice cream. Even the Japanese snack Pocky has a matcha-flavoured version.
The use of matcha in modern drinks has also spread to North American café culture. Here, as in Japan, it is put into lattés, iced drinks, milkshakes, and smoothies, as well as alcoholic drinks.

People now realize that green tea and matcha are good for the health. This is why in North America it can be found in a lot of health food products such as cereal and energy bars.

In 2003, researchers at the University of Colorado found that the concentration of the antioxidant EGCG contained in matcha is 3 times higher than in other commercially available green teas.

References 

Tea
Asylum is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 16, 1985.

Track listing 
 King Of The Mountain
 Any Way You Slice It
 Who Wants To Be Lonely
 Trial By Fire
 I'm Alive
 Love's A Deadly Weapon
 Tears Are Falling
 Secretly Cruel
 Radar For Love
 Uh! All Night

Kiss (band) albums
1985 albums
Heavy metal albums
Hard rock albums
The drink green tea () is a "true" tea. It comes from the plant species Camellia sinensis. Green tea is a tea that has undergone little oxidation while it was processed. Green tea is popular in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and the Middle East. Recently it has been drunk more widely in the West, where usually black tea is consumed.

History 
In the Kamakura period, a Buddhist monk, Eisai (1141–1215), and his follower, Dogen, first brought tea (maccha) to Japan. He had learned about tea on a visit to China. Eisai taught people to grow the tea plants, and how to prepare the tea leaves. People drank tea for its benefit as a medicine rather than as a refreshment. Tea-drinking gradually spread as part of Zen Buddhism. The tea ceremony was part of the training for mental discipline. Green tea kept the mind pure and relaxed, an effect caused by the caffeine in the tea. The custom of drinking tea gradually spread throughout Japan.
In the Edo period, the tea ceremony spread out to the public, and it became an artistic accomplishment. Therefore, "to draw out the beauty from inside the person's heart" which was its original purpose came to be emphasized. The words 和敬清寂 (Wa Kei Sei Jaku) meaning harmony, respect, purity and tranquility, are the basis of the tea ceremony. Wa, harmony, is shown by sharing the tea between the host and the guest. Kei, respect, is shown by accepting and sharing with others. Sei, purity, is treating yourself and others openly. Jaku, tranquility, is the feeling of stillness in the ceremony. Modern tea ceremonies, which last for four hours, are still based on these ideas.

In the Meiji period, the tea ceremony died out for while. They were restarted when it was added in a kind of education for girls. The ceremony also changed to being beautiful and gorgeous.

Nowadays, green tea is spreading all over the world, but it seems to be drunk with sugar in some countries because it tastes bitter.
Effects on health 
Green tea seems to lower heart disease expectancy.

The different substances contained in green tea also seem to help against cancer, low bone density, cognitive function and kidney stones.

Green tea contains ascorbic acid, and different minerals, such as chromium, manganese, selenium or zinc. It is a better antioxidant than black tea. Black tea contains certain substances which cannot be found in common green tea, such as theaflavin.

Studies done on animals have shown that it can reduce cholesterol. Trials done on humans have not confirmed this effect, however. In 2003 a randomized clinical trial found that a green tea extract with added theaflavin from black tea could reduce cholesterol.

In a study performed at Birmingham (UK) University, it was shown that average fat oxidation rates were 17% higher after drinking of green tea extract than after a placebo was used.
In a recent study of the eating habits of 2,018 women, consumption of mushrooms and green tea was linked to a 90% lower occurrence of breast cancer.

Gallery

References 

Tea
mats are a traditional Japanese flooring. The top surface is made of woven straw. Traditional tatami are packed with straw. Nowadays some of them are packed with styrofoam.  Tatami are individual mats. They have a uniform size and shape. They have borders of brocade or plain green cloth.

Tatami were originally a luxury item for the rich at a time when lower classes had mat-covered dirt floors. Tatami were gradually popularized. They finally reached the homes of commoners towards the end of the 17th century.

History
Japanese people have used tatami since the Nara Era (710-794). They were knitted and became thicker like modern tatami.  People who lived in the Heian Era stepped onto tatami to show their power and they spread the tatami only in a necessary part of the room.
The use of tatami was a little different from now. The shoin style of traditional Japanese residential architecture began in the Kamakura Era. During this time, people stopped spreading tatami around the room and placing them in the middle.  They started to spread tatami through the room. People decided to spread tatami by the hearth and sit erect with their legs folded under.

Tatami has been changing together with people's life style. Tatami became common for people in the middle of the Edo Era. Farmers started to use them in the Meiji Era. The removal of tatami regulation made them more common in the Meiji Era. Japanese people often dry the tatami. If the tatami'''s surface was discolored, people often turned them over. With the economic growth after World War Two people started to use chairs and carpets. Japanese people think flooring is not relaxing or soundproof enough, so people still use tatami now.
Making Tatami Tatami is made with a rush plant, igusa. Rush is planted in the rice fields in August. The seedlings are dug out in November, and a good seedling is chosen. The chosen seedlings are planted in the rice fields again in December. By the end of June to the middle of July, the high-quality rush grows up to about one meter tall and it will be harvested the next year.

The rush should be dry after harvesting, and keep the peculiar smell and the color of the rush. The rush is selected according to length and the thickness, and it is checked for bruising.
After the harvest ends, tatami is made. Because Japanese rooms are different sizes, tatami are made in different sizes. The base of the tatami is made first. Tatami is woven with a special machine. It similar to the weaving on a kimono. The next part is the wick of tatami, called toko. When the toko is 40 centimeters or more thick, and the shape is straightened. The mat is complete, and that is called mushiro. The tatami is complete when it is joined to the toko and the decoration on the mat edges are sewn.
Igusa Igusa is a perennial plant of the family of igusa. Igusa smells good. It has a fresh, grassy smell. In English, they are called rushes. Igusa blooms from May through June. The plant grows up to a length of 100 centimeters or less. They grow in marshes where sunshine is good. In Japan, there are 30 kinds of igusa growing in many different areas.Tatami is made from natural igusa that must be flexible from the root to the tip, and the thickness and the color varies slightly.  About 4000 to 7000 igusa are used for the tatami. Generally the best tatami uses more and longer igusa rushes.

There are many benefits in using igusa such as air purification, heat insulation, elasticity, cooling (especially in hot summer seasons), eco-friendly and sound absorbing qualities. Igusa tatami is also smooth to the touch, so it is comfortable for babies and young children. Most Japanese like tatami. Many homes have at least one tatami room.
TatamiTatamiberi is the cloth that covers the edge and also decorates the tatami. Some tatami don’t have it. In English, it is called the mat edge. The width of tatamiberi is about three centimeters. The material on the tatamiberi is cotton yarn, a synthetic material string, and a gold thread. The features change according to what strings are combining with tatamiberi. The woven color handle sets off the room. There are two types, and the atmosphere of the room changes by the tatamiberi.

There are many kinds of tatamiberi. But tatamiberi was used to show status. For example, the emperor,  ministers,  priests, and  scholars had different styles. It was recorded in "Amanomokuzu" in 1420.
Japan has etiquette about tatamiberi. Japanese are taught not to step on the tatamiberi. It is easy to tear tatamiberi when stepping in the weakest part. Stepping on tatamiberi fades the color on the edge of cotton and hemp in the tatami. Therefore, etiquette means "not to hurt the mat carelessly stepping when you visit another house, pay it attention". Also, family crests were embroidered on the tatamiberi'' in old times, too. Stepping on the family crest was taboo.

References 

 Okitatami.com. Iguchi tatami fusuma. Retrieved on 3 Jun 2009.
 Tatamilife. com. DAIKEN. Retried on 2 July 2009.
 知って得する豆知識.OCN. Retrieved on 15 May 2009.
 My Flower Pictorial Book. Retrieved on 15 May 2009.
 Ohmiya blog.高田織物株式会社.Retrieved on 15 May 2009.
 Ohno-naiso. Ohnonaiso.Retrieved on 14 May 2009.
 Tatami no dekirumade no koutei.Ishiiseitatmi. Retrieved on 14 May 2009.

Japanese culture
Furniture
Sake (Japanese:酒; pronounced 'sa.kɛ' ) is a Japanese word for "alcoholic drink". In English, "sake" means one kind of alcoholic drink made from rice. In Japan, people call this drink nihonshu ( "Japanese alcohol") or sake. This article uses the word "sake" as it is used in English.

Ingredients 
Sake is a fermented drink. Most sake is made from rice, water, kōji, and yeast. Sometimes a small amount of lactic acid is used in brewing. Water or small amounts of pure alcohol can be added at the end of production. Sake can have from 12 to 22% alcohol, but is usually around 15 or 16%. Lower quality mass-produced sake can have added sugar or flavorings.
Serving sake
Sake is usually sold in bottles that are either 720ml or 1.8L. Drinkers or servers in a restaurant may pour small cups called chokko directly from the bottle. Sake is also served in smaller bottles called tokkuri. A typical serving in a bar or restaurant is 180ml. People may share that amount. When drinking together, people often pour drinks for each other rather than for themselves.

Amazake
Amazake is sweet, low or non-alcoholic sake.

Related pages
Awamori
Doburoku
rice wine
Shōchū

Fermented drinks
Japanese food
Majority means the greater number of something.  The opposite is minority.

If more than half the people are right-handed we can say that the majority of people are right-handed.
A minority of people are left-handed.
In fact, nearly everyone is right-handed, so we can say that the "vast majority" are right-handed, and only a "small minority" are left-handed.

If a political party or candidate gets a majority of votes, it means that they get more than all the other parties together. In Plurality voting, they only get more than any one of the others. Thus if there are three parties, the winning party may have a plurality of 40% while the other two each have 30%. A "true majority" or "absolute majority" means more votes than all the other parties together, i.e. more than half the total votes.

Related pages
Majority rule
Minority group
Ethnic group

Numbers
Demography
Charles Koechlin (pronounce:”Ke-klin” with “klin” to rhyme with French “vin”), (born Paris,  November 27 1867; died Le Canadel, December 31 1950) was a French composer, teacher and writer on music.  He wrote a very large amount of music, but very little of it was published because he was more interested in helping younger composers than making himself well-known.  Some of his best works include his symphonic poems and his film music.
His life
Koechlin was born in Paris, the youngest child of a large and rich family. His mother’s family came from the Alsace near the French border with Germany, and he was proud of his Alsatian background.  His grandfather on his mother’s side had started a cotton textile firm in Mulhouse and his father worked in the textile business.  When Koechlin was 14 his father died.  He showed an interest in music, but his family wanted him to be an artillery officer. However, he had tuberculosis and had to spent six months getting better in Algeria.  After finishing his schooling he was allowed to enter the Paris Conservatoire in 1890.  Two years later he was studying composition with Massenet, and in 1896 he was a pupil of Gabriel Fauré. Ravel was a pupil in the same class.  Fauré had a big influence on Koechlin who wrote a book about him and helped him to arrange some of his music for orchestra.
Koechlin became a freelance composer and teacher. He married Suzanne Pierrard in 1903 and they had five children.  At first he was comfortably off, but after World War I the family lost a lot of money and they had to sell their country house.

Koechlin had very free views about music, and this is probably why he never got a teaching job at the Piano Conservatoire.  He also agreed with some things that the Communists thought.  He did not like modern inventions like the telephone and radio.  He looked like an old Russian patriarch with his long beard.  He dressed in velvet trousers, sandals and a shepherd’s cape for bad weather.   He liked outdoor activities such as swimming and mountaineering.  He was offered the Legion d’honneur in 1940 but refused it.

His music
His music

Koechlin composed in a variety of styles, even changing the style during a piece.  He often liked quiet music with long chords which are played for the sounds they make rather than for giving the music a traditional shape.  Sometimes there were no barlines in his music.  He often composed in his head while on a train or climbing a mountain.

His works for orchestra include Les Bandarlogs which was based on the Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling.  Kipling’s “Bandarlog” are a troupe of monkeys in the forest.  The music describes the monkeys, but Koechlin also gives it another meaning: he is criticising music critics, comparing them to monkeys.   In the Seven Stars Symphony each movement is about a famous film star.  They include Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich and  Charlie Chaplin.  He wrote a lot of chamber music and piano music, including some dances for Ginger Rogers.

Sources
Robert Orledge, Charles Koechlin (1867-1950) His Life and Works (London, 1989)
1867 births
1950 deaths
20th-century French composers
Jastrzębie-Zdrój is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 94,072 inhabitants and an area of 85,44 km².

Other websites 
 Municipal homepage
 JastrzebieOnline.pl
 Jasnet.pl 
 Modern Portal of Jastrzębie-Zdrój 
 SJZ1963 - Portal Jastrzebie Zdrój 
 Forum Mieszkańców 

Cities in Silesian Voivodeship
A palm, when used as a unit of length, is usually four digits (fingers) or three inches, i.e. 7.62 cm (for the international inch).

In English this unit is no longer in use as other units that are based on the human arm: digit (¼ palm), finger (7/24 palm), hand (4/3 palms), shaftment (2 palms), span (3 palms), cubit (6 palms) and ell (15 palms).

Units of length
Schnapps is a type of distilled alcoholic drink. The word schnapps comes from the German word schnaps.

German schnapps
Traditional German schnapps are usually clear alcoholic drinks which are distilled from fermented cereals, roots, and fruits. Traditional German schnapps has no sugar or other flavoring added. It is similar in look and flavor to vodka with light fruit flavors. The alcohol content is usually around 40%.

American schnapps
The other type of schnapps is American. This type of schnapps is a liqueur that has sugar and flavorings such as peach, mint, or butterscotch. The alcohol content of American schnapps is usually only about 20%, which is lower than German-style schnapps.

Alcoholic spirits
Standard time is putting all clocks in a time zone to the same time.

Standard time can also be used to mean the time without daylight saving time. Standard time happens from autumn to early spring. Daylight saving time happens from early spring to autumn.

History

Great Britain
Standard time was first used by British railways on December 11, 1847, when they switched from local mean time to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Almost all of Great Britain's public clocks were using GMT by 1855.

North America
Before 1883, local mean time was used in all of North America. This meant there were many different local times. This caused problems for train schedules. Sandford Fleming, a Canadian, proposed standard time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute on February 8, 1879.  The owners of the major railroads met in Chicago to make the Standard Time System. Most states began using the system soon after the railroads. The U.S. government officially began using the system almost fifty years later.
Criticism
Some people do not like standard time (and daylight saving time). Some people do not like it because they do not trust in government. Others believe that it disturbs circadian rhythms. Others simply like traditional, natural markers of time, like sunsets, noon and sunrise.

References

More reading

Time zones
Span could mean:

 span (unit of length)
 span (architecture)
 Span (band), a Norwegian punk rock band
 Switched Port ANalyzer, a way to monitor computer networks, similar to a network tap
 Linear span, in mathematics
 (co)spans in category theory
 wingspan, in Aerospace engineering (aircraft design)
 span and div in HTML
 CME SPAN - Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk, a system developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange
 For powerlines, the distance between two pylons
 For aerial tramways, the distance between two supporting structures
 For a bridge, the distance between supporting pylons or towers.
Span is the width of a human hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the pinky finger. 
 1 span = 9 inches
= 0.2286 m

In Slavic language, the analogue of span is pyad (peti, пядь). It is the width from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger. 
 1 pyad = 4 vershok
= 7 inches
= 0.1778 m

Units of length
The acting president of the United States is a person who temporarily acts as president when the president is unable to carry out their duties, but remains in office. The position was created by the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution.

The acting president possesses all presidential powers and duties during the time of their term but does not become the president, instead serving only as acting president. This term lasts until the president declares in writing that they are no longer unable to execute the duties of their office themselves.
George H.W. Bush later became president. To date there have been three acting presidents. They were vice presidents:
 Vice President George H. W. Bush acted for President Ronald Reagan, when he was under a colonoscopy procedure on July 13, 1985 He later became president in 1989. He died in 2018. 
 Vice President Dick Cheney twice acted for President George W. Bush, when he was also under a colonoscopy procedure on June 29, 2002 and July 21, 2007
 Vice President Kamala Harris acted for President Joe Biden, when he was under a colonoscopy procedure on November 19, 2021. She became the first woman in American history to hold presidential powers

References

Other websites 
 Presidential Line of Succession Examined , September 20, 2003
 Amendment25.com
Electric power transmission is the transmitting of electricity to places where it will be used.  Specifically, it is the bulk transfer of electrical power from the power plant to substations near populated areas.  Electric power distribution is the delivery from the substation to the consumers.  Due to the large amount of power and long distances, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (110 kV or above).

Electricity is usually transmitted over long distance through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas (such as large cities) because of the high cost of installation and maintenance and because the power losses increase dramatically compared with overhead transmission unless superconductors and cryogenic technology are used.
A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a "grid"; however, for reasons of economy, the network is rarely a true grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power.

Further reading 
 Grigsby, L. L., et al. The Electric Power Engineering Handbook. USA: CRC Press. (2001). 
 Westinghouse Electric Corporation, "Electric power transmission patents; Tesla polyphase system". (Transmission of power; polyphase system; Tesla patents)

Related pages
 Transmission tower
 Superconductor
 Electric power distribution
 High-voltage direct current
Other websites 
 United States: Transmission Lineworker Community Website
 Japan: World's First In-Grid High-Temperature Superconducting Power Cable System 
 A Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy: Overview/A Continental SuperGrid
 Global Energy Network Institute (GENI) - The GENI Initiative focuses on linking renewable energy resources around the world using international electricity transmission.
 Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE), the association of transmission system operators in continental Europe, running one of the two largest power transmission systems in the world
 Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields (2002)  by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
 A summary of the IARC report by GreenFacts.

Electricity
An electrical grid is a connection network of power generation, power transmission, power distribution and power load. The grid connects all of those parts in power systems to deliver power from the generators at the power station to the customers or load center which will use the electricity.

Electricity
The Darfur conflict is an ongoing military conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, the third largest country in Africa.  It is a conflict along ethnic and tribal lines that began in 2003.  Many people and the United States Government, consider it to be a genocide. The United Nations currently does not see this as genocide.

Those involved in the conflict 
One side of the conflict is composed mainly of the Janjaweed, a militia group recruited from the Arab tribes who move from place to place herding camels.  The Sudanese government tells the public that it does not support the Janjaweed.  However, it has provided cash and assistance and has even participated in joint attacks.

The other side of the conflict is made up of a number of rebel armies, including the Sudan Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement. These armies are recruited from Black ethnic groups who make a living farming the land.
How the conflict is dealt with 
The African Union sent a 7,000-troop peacekeeping force to Sudan.  However, this force was poorly funded and under-equipped.  So the United Nations decided to send an additional 17,300-troop peacekeeping force to help them.  Sudan was strongly against this decision and saw the UN forces as foreign invaders.  The next day, the Sudanese military launched a major offensive in the region.
The Sudanese government may have suppressed information about the conflict. Some witnesses have been jailed, others may have been killed. This started in 2004. Also, some evidence, such as mass graves was tampered with, so that it became unusable. Some people say this was done by forces which are close to the Sudanese government. In addition, by obstructing and arresting journalists, the Sudanese government has been able to obscure much of what has gone on. The United States government has described it as genocide,. The UN has declined to do so. In March 2007 the UN mission accused Sudan's government of "gross violations" in Darfur and called for urgent international action to protect  civilians there.
Effect of the conflict 
There are different estimates of how many died in the conflict. According to Sudan's government, 9,000 people have been killed.  On the other hand, many other people say that it could be from 200,000 to over 400,000.  By October 2006, as many as 2.5 million people had to move because of the conflict.

The United Nations says that about 200,000 people have been killed in the conflict so far. Most non-governmental organizations use 200,000 to more than 400,000. The latter is a figure from the Coalition for International Justice that has since been cited by the UN. Sudan's government claims that more than 9,000 people have been killed, although this figure is seen as a gross underestimate.

Related pages 
 Bibliography of the Darfur conflict

References

Darfur conflict
21st century in Africa
Civil wars involving Africa
Genocides in Africa
This is the bibliography and reference section for the Darfur conflict series. Other websites to reports, news articles and other sources of information may also be found below.

Published works 
 Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins (2006) Darfur: The Long Road to Disaster, Markus Wiener, Princeton N.J., 
 de Waal, Alex (1989) Famine that Kills: Darfur, Sudan, Oxford University Press, USA, (Revised 2005) 
 Flint, Julie and Alex de Waal (2006) Darfur: A Short History of a Long War, Zed Books, London, 
 Johnson, Douglas H. (2003) The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars, Indiana University Press, 
 Prunier, Gérard (2005) Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide, Cornell University Press, 
 Steidle, Brian and Steidle Wallace, Gretchen (2007) The Devil Came on Horseback: Bearing Witness to the Genocide in Darfur , PublicAffairs,
Overviews and updating news aggregators
 "Sudan", UN News Centre
 Darfur Information Center of the University of Pennsylvania African Studies Center
 Sudan page  of the United States Agency for International Development
 Darfur conflict at Discourse DB
 Darfur Crisis at NewsCloud

From mainstream media
 "In Depth - Sudan: A Nation Divided" by BBC News
 "Special Report: Sudan" by Guardian Unlimited
 "The Darfur Crisis" by The NewsHour, Public Broadcasting Service
 "Full Coverage: Sudan"  from Yahoo! News

From advocacy organizations
 "Sudan: Crisis in Darfur" , Amnesty International reports
 The Darfur Conflict , Crimes of War Project
 Crisis in Darfur , International Crisis Group
 "Darfur News Briefs" , weekly by the Genocide Intervention Network
 "Crisis in Darfur" , Human Rights Watch

On specialized topics
 "Darfur" - Legal News Archive from JURIST
 Aggregated information on media censorship in Sudan  from the International Freedom of Expression Exchange
 Sudan  on Diplomacy Monitor
Reports and news articles (chronological)
 Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting  Video Reports on the Conflict in Darfur
Darfur: "too many people killed for no reason." , Amnesty International, 3 February 2004
 "Darfur Rising: Sudan's New Crisis" , International Crisis Group, 25 March 2004
 Notes from Natsios: Sudan's Growing Crisis (PDF) , USAID newsletter FrontLines, April-May 2004 issue
 Alex de Waal, "Counter-Insurgency on the Cheap", London Review of Books, August 5, 2004
 Mikael Nabati, "The U.N. Responds to the Crisis in Darfur: Security Council Resolution 1556", ASIL Insight 142, American Society of International Law, August 2004
 Genocide in Sudan , Parliamentary Brief, UK, August 2004
 Documenting Atrocities in Darfur, United States Department of State, September 2004
 Alex de Waal, "Tragedy in Darfur" , Boston Review, October/November 2004
 "Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General" on reliefweb.int, 25 January 2005
 Alex Cobham, Causes of Conflicts in Sudan, Testing the Black Book , January 2005
Paul Reynolds, "Sudan atrocities strain US relations", BBC News, 1 February 2005
 "Darfur: no peace without justice" , Darfur Relief and Documentation Center (DRDC) , 21 February 2005
 "ICC given Darfur suspect names", Al Jazeera, 5 April 2005
 Darfur: Counting the Deaths - Mortality Estimates from Multiple Survey Data , Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, 26 May 2005
 Jane Wells, "Witness to Darfur" five-part series, The Huffington Post, June 2005
 "UN refused access to Darfur to investigate atrocities", BBC News, 13 December 2005
 Dorina Bekoe, "Overcoming Obstacles to Humanitarian Assistance in Darfur" , US Institute of Peace, January 2006
 "The Best Hope for Peace in Darfur" , panel discussion recorded at the New York Society for Ethical Culture (RAM and MP3 formats), April 19, 2006
 "Crisis Zone: Darfur, Sudan", Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 24 May 2006
 Darfur Report , African Holocaust, June 2006
 "Darfur’s Fragile Peace Agreement" , International Crisis Group, 20 June 2006
Alex de Waal, "Darfur's fragile peace", opendemocracy.net, 5 July 2006
 Gérard Prunier, "Darfur's Sudan problem", opendemocracy.net, 15 September 2006 (in response to de Waal's article)
 Jonah Fisher, "Cracks emerge in Darfur peace deal", BBC News From Our Correspondent, 29 July 2006
 Paul Reynolds, "Despair over Darfur", BBC News, 6 September 2006
 "A Tale of Two Genocides: The Failed U.S. Response to Rwanda and Darfur" , Africa Action, 9 September 2006
 "SUDAN: Rebel fragmentation hampers Darfur peace", IRIN, 11 September 2006
 Jonah Fisher, "No end in sight to Darfur troubles", BBC News, 18 September 2006
 "Minority Rights, Early Warning and Conflict Prevention: Lessons from Darfur" , Minority Rights Group, September 2006
 Karen Allen, "Q&A: Your questions about Darfur", BBC News, 13 October 2006
 "Searching for Jacob" , 60 Minutes, 22 October 2006
 "Our Choice, Too: On the Edge in Darfur " (video) from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, 2006
Aegis Trust
 Protect Darfur  campaign website
 American Jewish World Service
 Darfur Action Campaign  website
 Bystanders to Genocide  website
 Canadian Students For Darfur, website 
 Damanga: Coalition for Freedom and Democracy, website
 Darfur Relief and Documentation Center 
 Darfur Foundation, website 
 The Darfur Wall, website
 Darfur is Dying, website 
 David Blaine
 Dunk for Darfur campaign
 The Darfur Store 
 Genocide Intervention Network, website
 Darfur Scorecard  campaign
 Sudan Divestment Task Force website
 Globe for Darfur 
 Sound the Alarm  campaign
 Blue Hat  campaign
 HAeD - Hatzilu et Amei Darfur (Save the Nations of Darfur)  website
 Help Darfur Now 
 Hold Your Breath for Darfur
 Human Rights First
 HOPE (Help Organize a Peace Envoy) for Darfur campaign
 Operation Sudan 
 Res Publica (Organization)
 DarfurGenocide.org 
 Save Darfur Coalition, website 
 Sauver Le Darfour, SLD,An European Anti-Genocide Coalition, website
 STAND: A Student Anti-Genocide Coalition, website
Time to Protect  campaign
 DarfurFast campaign
 Project:Darfur inc, 
 STAND Canada
 SudanActivism.com
 Support American Intervention Now (SAIN)  in Darfur
 Committee on Conscience Alert - Sudan:Darfur Overview 
 Unitarian Universalist Service Committee
 Drumbeat for Darfur  campaign
Humanitarian and emergency relief work 
 Humanitarian Information Center for Darfur, United Nations
 "Who's Working: Sudan", List of aid organizations from ReliefWeb, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
 "Darfur Without Delay" (with video) about AmeriCares efforts in Darfur 
 Emergency Feeding in Darfur , slideshow by Samaritan's Purse
 Safer Access Statement on State of Humanitarian Security in Darfur A Collective Response on Darfur is Needed
Blogs, podcasts and websites of individuals 
 Coalition for Darfur blog
 Jan Pronk, Weblog of the UN special envoy to Sudan
 Eric Reeves, Sudan Research, Analysis, and Advocacy
 Ryan Spencer Reed, photojournalist's website with images of Darfur
 Sleepless in Sudan. Uncensored, direct from a dazed & confused aid worker in Darfur, Sudan, blog, closed on 1 February 2006
 "Voices on Genocide Prevention" , podcasts from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (not specific to Darfur)
 Voice of Sudan blog
 Stop Genocide Now Daily video feeds from the Darfur/Chad border

Maps
 Darfur Humanitarian Emergency: Satellite Imagery 
 Sudan Maps from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, includes both maps and USAID imagery

Parties to the conflict
 "The Situation in the Darfur Region of Sudan" , African Union
 Sudan Embassy in the US
 Sudan Justice and Equality Movement
 African Union Mission in Sudan, the peacekeeping force currently in Darfur

Darfur conflict
AIESEC (said like "Eye Seck"), is a big student organisation that was started in 1948. It was made to fix problems between countries and create peace after World War II. It has spread all over the world since it started. There are many members in about 125 countries.

AIESEC is an organisation that helps its members to develop themselves as leaders. It also has an exchange program for students and university graduates to intern or volunteer in other countries. Most members are students at university but some are paid to work for AIESEC. The organisation is presented in 125 countries and territories in the world. The headquarters of AIESEC are in Rotterdam.

Members say that AIESEC does a lot of good in the world through the exchange by helping people from different countries to share information about their culture.
For over 60 years of working AIESEC's main impact had been its alumni all over the world. These alumni become successful business leaders, politicians, and NGO directors. The approximate number of alumni 1 million.

Other websites 
 AIESEC homepage

Rotterdam
International organizations
Youth organizations
1948 establishments
In cell biology, an organelle is a part of a cell that does a specific job.

Organelles usually have a plasma membrane around them. Most of the cell's organelles are in the cytoplasm.

The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an organ is to the body.

There are many types of organelles in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes were once thought not to have organelles, but some examples have now been found.
They are not organised like eukaryote organelles, and are not bounded by plasma membranes. They are called bacterial microcompartments.

Scope of the term 
The term is now widely used to refer to cell structures surrounded by single or double plasma membranes. However, the older definition of a 'subcellular functional unit' still exists. So, the term is sometimes used for structures which are not membrane-bound.

The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer with some proteins embedded in it. It keeps the ions and molecules of the organelle from merging with the surroundings.
Origin of organelles 
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double-membranes and their DNA. These are believed to come from incompletely digested or invading prokaryotes, which were adopted as a part of the invaded cell. This idea is supported in the endosymbiotic theory.

Eukaryotic organelles

Major organelles

Minor organelles

Prokaryotic organelles 
Prokaryotes are not so complex as eukaryotes. They were once thought to have no internal structures inside the lipid membranes.

However, recent research has shown that at least some prokaryotes have microcompartments such as carboxysomes. These subcellular compartments are 100–200 nm in diameter and are enclosed by a shell of proteins.  Even more striking is the description of membrane-bound magnetosomes in bacteria. as well as the nucleus-like structures of the Planctomycetes that are surrounded by lipid membranes.

References
That '70s Show is an American television series. It is about the lives of a group of teenagers living in Point Place, Wisconsin from May 17, 1976 to December 31, 1979. The series first started August 23, 1998 and its final episode aired May 18, 2006.

The series continues to run in syndication on FX and the CW network in the United States and United Kingdom, CH in Canada, as well as the Seven Network in Australia and Star World in Asia, including Malaysia. It also runs on The NTV for teens.

Cast 

1998 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
1990s American sitcoms
2000s American sitcoms
American teen television series
Fox television series
Television series set in Wisconsin
English-language television programs
Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (January 5, 1927 – 2001), known as Gurudeva by his followers, was a Hindu leader and author. He was born in Oakland, California. He made a Hindu monastery in Kauai, Hawaii and founded the magazine Hinduism Today. Subramuniyaswami was an author of many books on Hinduism and metaphysics. He was one of the most traditional and well known people of Hinduism during the last two decades of the 20th century. He was one of Saivism's most revered Gurus, the founder and leader of the world's first Hindu church (Saiva Siddhanta Church).
Books 
Subramuniyaswami has written several books on Hinduism, Saivism, yoga and meditation. His works are highly regarded by many of today's Hindu leaders. Subramuniyaswami's largest work, Master Course, is a complete essay on all parts of Hinduism (Saivism), including the Hindu approach to meditation and metaphysics. It is in three books and more than 3,000 pages. The work is written in a flowing version of written English that is similar to the spoken language as well as ancient Hindu oral traditions.

References 

1927 births
2001 deaths
Hindu gurus
People from Oakland, California
Crazy Nights is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1987. "Crazy Crazy Nights" was the first song released from the album. It reached #4 in the UK.

Track listing 
Crazy Crazy Nights
I'll Fight Hell To Hold You
Bang Bang You
No, No, No
Hell Or High Water
My Way
When Your Walls Come Down
Reason To Live
Good Girl Gone Bad
Turn On The Night
Thief In The Night

Kiss (band) albums
1987 albums
Hot in the Shade is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on October 17, 1989.

Track listing 
 Rise To It
 Betrayed
 Hide Your Heart
 Prisoner Of Love
 Read My Body
 Love's A Slap In The Face
 Forever
 Silver Spoon
 Cadillac Dreams
 King Of Hearts
 The Street Giveth And The Street Taketh Away
 You Love Me To Hate You
 Somewhere Between Heaven And Hell
 Little Caesar
 Boomerang

Kiss (band) albums
1989 albums
Halfway Home is a comedy television series that premiered on Wednesday, March 14, 2007, at 10:30 p.m. on Comedy Central.   As described on its official website, Halfway Home is an "improvised half-hour series featuring the daily exploits of five ex-cons living together in a residential rehab facility."
Characters
Carly Barzac (played by Jessica Makinson) – Ex-convict in for drug trafficking. She has been shown to have a bad relationship with her parents (she even had to hire fake parents for parents day.) She also came very close to setting a world record for pogo-sticking.
Kenny Carlisle (played by Kevin Ruf) – The house supervisor
Serenity Johnson (played by Octavia Spencer) – Ex-convict in for armed robbery
Eulogio Pla (played by Oscar Nunez) – Ex-convict in for prostitution, described as "[using] sex to get what he wants."
Alan Shepard (played by Regan Burns) – Ex-convict in for arson, described as "the house narc who has an uncontrollable obsession with fire."
Sebastian "C-Bass" Yates (played by Jordan Black) – Ex-convict in for internet fraud, described as a "wanna-be terrorist who's really just a rich kid from California."

Comedy television series
2007 television series debuts
English-language television programs
The prime minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government. This job is given to the leader of the party or coalition with the most support in the Parliament of New Zealand. Since 2023, the prime minister has been Chris Hipkins of the Labour Party. The prime minister-designate is Christopher Luxon after his party won the 2023 New Zealand general election
Responsibilities and powers
The power of the presidency has grown substantially since the office's establishment in 1789. While presidential power has ebbed and flowed over time, the presidency has played an increasingly strong role in American political life since the beginning of the 20th century, with a notable expansion during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. In contemporary times, the president is also looked upon as one of the world's most powerful political figures as the leader of the only remaining global superpower. As the leader of the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP, the president possesses significant domestic and international hard and soft power.

The prime minister holds the most senior post in the New Zealand Parliament. The prime minister is not able to give direct orders to other people in their party.

The prime minister can call for an election by asking the Governor-General to close Parliament

List of New Zealand prime ministers