Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Towards the end of the 1970s, the stadium had already started to age. Club officials started making plans to build a new stadium in the north of the city.

However, with the coming of the 1982 World Cup it was instead decided to renovate the Bernabéu. The renovation included the construction of a roof over the three two-tiered stands and the installation of seats in half of the stadium. As a result, capacity was reduced to 90,800. During the 1982 FIFA World Cup, the Santiago Bernabéu hosted three matches in the second group stage and the final between Italy and West Germany (3-1).

In the 1990s, UEFA required the stadium to become an all-seater, which would have reduced capacity to 50,000 seats. The club president therefore started a redevelopment program. The changes included extending the third tier over the entire stadium, the creation of corporate facilities, and four access towers in each corner of the stadium. Works started in 1992 and were completed two years later.
The stadium was further refurbished and upgraded between 2001 and 2006. Works most of all focused on improving corporate facilities. Construction was concluded in 2006 with the construction of a roof over the one remaining uncovered stand. The expansion design was done by Madrid-based architect Antonio Lamela.

Additional improvements, such as a retractable roof, were delayed due to financial reasons. In 2013 club president Florentino Pérez announced Real was seeking to sell the naming rights for its stadium. In 2014 German architects GMP revealed a plan for the improvements. A sponsorship agreement was finally made with IPIC.

References

   

Buildings and structures in Madrid
Football stadiums in Spain
1947 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Spain
Electrocution or electric shock is when electricity passes through something living. It happens when the human body gets in contact with electric current. The word "electrocution" originated as a portmanteau between electricity and execution, referring to those executed by electric chair, but has evolved to describe any fatal encounter with electricity. Nonfatal encounters are called electric shocks, or simply a "shock". 

The human body is affected by electric current (measured in Amperes). If the electric current is strong, it can stop heartbeat and cause death. High current can cause severe burns and even fry the victim alive.   In order for current to flow through a body you need a sufficiently high voltage, typically more than 50 volts AC, and the voltage generator must be able to supply enough current.  Super high voltages, such as from a small Tesla coil, supply such a small amount of current that a person feels just a tickle.  A large Tesla coil can burn and kill.
Safety devices like a GFCI or RCD try to protect humans from any current greater than 5 to 30 mA  (0.005 to 0.03 Amps).   Human muscles are paralyzed -- you cannot move an affected arm or leg -- at currents from 10 to 20 mA; as a result a victim may be unable to let go of a wire that is shocking him. At around 20 mA breathing is difficult. At about 75mA breathing stops. At 100 mA the heart fibrillates -- death is quick. At 200 mA you get severe musculature contractions and burning.

Electricity
Torture
Death
Capital punishment
Stora Enso is a Finnish-Swedish cellulose and paper making corporation. It is the one of the largest paper making firms in the world. It was formed by the merger of Swedish mining and forestry products company Stora and Finnish forestry products company Enso-Gutzeit Oy in 1998. 

Its head office is in Helsinki, and it has some 46,000 employees. In 2002 it was the fifth largest pulp and paper maker in money income and in 2005 it was the world's largest pulp and paper manufacturer in terms of tonnes. The Finnish State is the biggest owner in the company.
The Stora corporation originally began as a copper mine (whole name Stora Kopparbergs Bergslag (Big Copper Mountain's Mining Works)). It was founded in 1288 and it is the oldest corporation in the world. It later became also a paper and cellulose maker. Enso-Gutzeit was founded by Mr. Hans Gutzeit in a small town called Enso in Finland. It was founded in 19th century. Both companies were the largest paper and cellulose makers of both countries. It is the second largest corporation in Scandinavia after Nokia.

Other websites
 Stora Enso

Companies of Finland
Helsinki
A SpeechWeb is a collection of SpeechWeb applications.  The collection or web of applications can be navigated using a SpeechWeb browser.

The goals of the SpeechWeb are: 
1. Providing end users with voice only interfaces to remote applications.
2. Providing software developers with a framework to build their user interfaces with.

A SpeechWeb browser is a document or program allowing a human user to interact with a SpeechWeb application.  A SpeechWeb browser can be implemented in X+V, VoiceXML, or others.  An example browser using X+V is available here .

A SpeechWeb application is an application that provides a special interface.  The basic idea is that not much more than natural language is used to communicate with the applications.  SpeechWeb applications also need to describe the possible input texts by publishing a  JSGF grammar.

Other websites
 MySpeechWeb
 Browser for the Public Domain SpeechWeb

Internet
Tikal (or Tik’al, according to modern orthography) is the largest of the ancient ruined cities of the Maya civilization. It lies in modern day Guatemala at . Now it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a popular tourist spot.  
 
Tikal was one of the major cultural and population centers of the Maya civilization. The oldest monumental architecture at the site dates to the 4th century BC.  The best time of Tikal was during the Classic Period, from 200 AD to 900 AD. In this period, Tikal was in charge of the Maya region politically, economically, and militarily.  This is because it was linked with areas throughout Mesoamerica, such as central Mexican, the center of Teotihuacan.  After the end of the Late Classic Period, no new major monuments were built.  Some palaces were burned and the population declined. The site was abandoned by the end of the 10th century.

Site characteristics
The ruins are on lowland rainforest, but Tikal had no water other than what was collected from rainwater and stored underground.  Archaeologists working in Tikal during the last century used the underground facilities to store water for their own use.  The absence of springs, rivers, and lakes nearby is unusual for a major city.  However, Tikal did well with intensive agricultural techniques.  These were more advanced than the slash & burn methods originally theorized by archeologists.  The reliance on seasonal rainfall made Tikal open to drought.  This is now thought to play a major part in the Classic Maya Collapse.

Rulers 

The known rulers of Tikal, with general or specific dates attributed to them, include the following:

Late Preclassic 
 Yax Ehb' Xook – ca. A.D. 60, dynastic founder
 Siyaj Chan K'awil Chak Ich'aak ("Stormy Sky I") – ca. 2nd century
 Yax Ch’aktel Xok – ca. 200
Early Classic 
 Balam Ajaw ("Decorated Jaguar") – A.D. 292
 K'inich Ehb' – ca. A.D. 300
 Ix Une' B'alam ("Queen Jaguar") – A.D. 317
 "Leyden Plate Ruler" – A.D. 320
 K'inich Muwaan Jol – died A.D. 359
 Chak Tok Ich'aak I ("Jaguar Paw I") – c.a. 360-378.  His palace, unusually, was never built over by later rulers, and was kept in repair for centuries as an apparent revered monument. He died on the same day that Siyah K'ak' arrived in Tikal, probably executed by the Teotihuacano conquerors. 
 Nun Yax Ayin – A.D. 370-411.  Nun Yax Ayin was a noble from Teotihuacan who was installed on Tikal's throne in 379 by Siyaj K'ak'.  
 Siyaj Chan K'awiil II ("Stormy Sky II") – A.D. 411-456.
 K'an-Ak ("Kan Boar") – A.D. 458-486.
 Ma'Kin-na Chan – ca. late 5th century.
 Chak Tok Ich'aak (Bahlum Paw Skull) – A.D. 486-508.  Married to "Lady Hand"
 Ix Kalo'mte' Ix Yo K'in ("Lady of Tikal") – A.D. 511-527.  Co-ruled with Kaloomte' B'alam, possibly as consort.
Kaloomte' B'alam ("Curl-Head" and "19th Lord") – A.D. 511-527.  Co-ruled with Ix Kalo'mte' Ix Yo K'in ("Lady of Tikal"), as regent.
 "Bird Claw" ("Animal Skull I", "Ete I") – ca. A.D. 527–537.
 Wak Chan K'awiil ("Double-Bird") – A.D. 537-562.  Capture and possible sacrifice by Caracol.
 "Lizard Head II" – Unknown, lost a battle with Caracol in A.D. 562.
Hiatus 

 K'inich Waaw – A.D. 593-628. 
 K'inich Wayaan – ca. early/mid 7th century.
 K'inich Muwaan Jol II – ca. early/mid 7th century.
Late Classic 
 Jasaw Chan K'awiil I (a.k.a. Ruler A or Ah Cacao) – A.D. 682-734.  Entombed in Temple I.  His queen Lady Twelve Macaw (died A.D. 704) is entombed in Temple II. Triumphed in war with Calakmul in A.D. 711.
 Yik'in Chan K'awiil (a.k.a. Ruler B) – A.D. 734-766.  His wife was Shana'Kin Yaxchel Pacal "Green Jay on the Wall" of Lakamha.  It is unknown exactly where is tomb lies, but strong archaeological parallels between Burial 116 (the resting place of his father) and Burial 196, located in the diminutive pyramid immediately south of Temple II and referred to as Str. 5D-73, suggest the latter may be the tomb of Yik’in Chan Kawil (Sharer 1994:169).  Other possible locations, and likely candidates as mortuary shrines, include Temples IV and VI.  
 "Temple VI Ruler" – A.D. 766-768
 Yax Nuun Ayiin II ("Chitam") – A.D. 768-790
 Chitam II ("Dark Sun") – Buried ca. A.D. 810 Buried in Temple III
 "Jewel K'awil" – A.D. 849 
 Jasaw Chan K'awiil II – A.D. 869-889

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Tikal National Park
 Tikal Digital Media Archive  (creative commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), focused in the area around the Great Plaza and  Temple IV with data from a UC Berkeley/CyArk research partnership
 Park description and photo gallery 
 
 History of Rediscovery and Archaeological Work at Tikal at Mesoweb
 Tikal UNESCO Designation

World Heritage Sites in North America
Archaeological sites in Guatemala
Maya civilization
Resistance could mean:

 The general ability to stop something from happening (Ex. resistance to water means that the object can avoid being hurt by water) 
 Resistance, an ability to reject infection
 Electrical resistance, the repulsion of a current in a circuit
 A struggle against an oppressive government. See also Rebellion
The Resistance was a fictional military set up by Princess Leia Organa to combat the growing threat of the First Order in the Star Wars universe.
The bard probably belonged to a social class in Celtic Europe. Bards were poets or singers and were most likely were in the service of Celtic nobility. They were probably employed to tell about how good their master (the nobleman) was or to sing about what he did. Today, it is not quite clear what the difference was from a druid. Early Roman scolars used the word vates to refer to all of them, which has been translated as "prophet" or "soothsayer". It is also a common school in the North East Pacific West.

Well known bards 
 Taliesin, lived in the 7th century, wrote the Book of Taliesin
 Aneirin, a late 6th century Brythonic poet who wrote the Book of Aneirin.
 Dafydd ap Gwilym, a 14th-century Welsh poet, generally regarded as the greatest Welsh poet of all time.
 Iolo Morganwg, an 18th-century Welsh rogue and bard, famous for his forgeries and lies.
 Iolo Goch, a 14th-century Welsh poet and bard, famous for several surviving works, especially 'The Labourer'.
Related pages 
 Griot, a similar type of person from West Africa

Ancient history
Operation may refer to:

 Surgery
A mathematical operation:
An arithmetic operation:
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
 A planned military engagement, such as a battle
 A business or franchise

Basic English 850 words
A mausoleum is a building used to store the remains of people who have died. Instead of being buried in soil, like in a cemetery, they are placed in chambers behind walls, or in a vault under the floor. The word came from the name of an ancient king.

Lenin's Mausoleum 
Soviet leader Lenin is a mausoleum. In 1953, Joseph Stalin was buried next to him but his body was removed during destalinization.

Examples 
 Sun Yat-sen's Tomb in Nanjing, China
 The Taj Mahal
 The Great Pyramids
 Grant's Tomb

Burial monuments and structures
Possibly among the earliest traces of art are Venus figurines. These are figurines that show women. Most often the women are shown as being pregnant, with breasts well visible. The figurines occur from Western Europeto Siberia. Most are about 30.000 years old; Two figurimes have been found that are much older, the Venus of Tan-Tan has been dated to 500.000 to 300.000 years ago. It was found in Morocco. The Venus of Berekhat Ram was found on the Golan Heights. It has been dated to 300.000 to 200.000 years ago. It may be the earliest thing that shows the human form. 

Different kind of stone, bones and ivory were used to make the figurines. Some are also made of clay which was then burned in a fire. This is one of the earliest known traces of the use of ceramics.
Today it is not known what the figurines meant for the people who made them. There are two basic interpretations:
They may be representations of human fertility, or they may have been made to increase it.
They may represent (fertility) goddesses.
Scientists have excluded that they were linked to the fertility of fields, because agriculture had not yet been discovered.

The two figurines that are older may have mostly formed by natural processes. The Venus of Tan-Tan was covered with a substance that could have been some kind of paint. It contained traces of Iron and Manganese. The figurine of Berekhat Ram  shows traces that someone worked on it with a tool. A study done in 1997 states that this could not have been done by nature alone

References

Ceramics
Stone Age art
The Venus of Tan-Tan is a venus figurine. It was found in Morocco. It has been dated to be between 300.000 and 500.000 years old. Unlike the other venus figurines, it appears neither male nor female.

Stone Age art‎
The Venus of Berekhat Ram is a stone that was found on the Golan Heights in 1981. Scientists have proposed to classify it as a Venus figurine, because there are traces it was worked on with a stone tool. The things that have been worked can clearly be told apart from the natural stone. It is therefore agreed that the pebble has been modified by human action, even though it bears little resemblance to the much later "Venus figurines" of about 30.000 years ago.

References 

Stone Age art‎
Golan Heights
Sculptures
This is a list of Baptists. This list is not complete.



Preachers, theologians, and missionaries 

 Chambers, Oswald, converted to Christianity under C. H. Spurgeon
 Colson, Chuck, former top aide to President Richard Nixon 
 Falwell, Jerry, televangelist, founder of the Moral Majority
 Graham, Billy 
 Ham, Mordecai, tent revivalist who preached the sermon where Billy Graham was converted to Christianity
 Hyles, Jack, controversial pastor and leader of the Independent Baptist movement
 King, Dr. Martin Luther (Jr.), Civil rights leader, Nobel Peace Prize recipient 
 MacArthur, John (Jr.), pastor and theologian
 Rogers, Adrian, televangelical
 Spurgeon, C. H., British pastor, known as "The Prince of Preachers"
 Stanley, Charles, televangelist founder of In Touch Ministries

Politicians
Politicians

 Carter, Jimmy, Nobel Peace Prize recipient;  39th President of the United States 
 Huckabee, Mike, (R) former governor of Arkansas and 2008 Presidential candidate 
 Lincoln, Abraham, 16th President of the United States. Lincoln was raised in the Regular Baptist church, but did not practice any organized religion as an adult.
 McCain, John, United States Senator (R) Arizona, Presidential candidate
Rockefeller, Nelson, U.S. Vice-President under Gerald Ford (1974-77)

Entertainers 

 Aiken, Clay, country music singer
Campbell, Glen, country music singer
Cash, Johnny, country music singer
Costner, Kevin, actor
Davis, Bette, actress and former Baptist
Holly, Buddy, rock 'n' roll singer
Murphy, Eddie
Norris, Chuck, actor
Other Baptists 
Brown, Jim, former fullback for the Cleveland Browns
Mutombo, Dikembe, center for the Houston Rockets
Johnson, Zach, professional golfer, winner of the 2007 Masters Tournament
White, Reggie, professional football defensive end; member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Jesse James, an American outlaw, son of a Baptist minister
 Rockefeller, John D, twentieth century oil tycoon
 Bunyan, John, author of Pilgrim's Progress
 Grisham, John, bestselling author of The Firm, A Painted House and Skipping Christmas.
 LaHaye, Tim, co-author of the bestselling Left Behind series

References

Other websites 
 Christian Hall of Fame
 Famous Baptists

Lists of people
Joy is an emotion of great happiness. 
Joy can also be interpreted as a person's name.

Joy may also refer to:
Joy as a surname 
 Alfred Harrison Joy, American astronomer (d. 1973)
 Bernard Joy, English footballer (d.1984)
 Bill Joy, Computer Pioneer (William Joy)
 Brian Joy, a former English footballer
 C. Turner Joy, an admiral of the United States Navy (d. 1956)
 Charles Frederick Joy, U.S. politician from Missouri (d. 1921)
 George William Joy, an Irish illustrator (d.1925)
 Greg Joy, a Canadian Olympic athlete
 Henry Bourne Joy, automobile businessman (d. 1936)
 Ian Joy, an American soccer player
 Joseph Francis Joy, American inventor and founder of Joy Mining Machinery (d.1957)
 Leatrice Joy, an American silent film actress (d. 1985)
 Mary E. Joy, a British author and journalist (d. 1898)
 Mike Joy, a TV sports announcer currently with NASCAR and FOX Sports
 Norman H. Joy, British coleopterist noted for his work Practical Handbook of British Beetles (d. 1953)
 Prosenjit Joy, a cricketer from Bangladesh
 Rick Joy, an American architect
 Robert Joy, Canadian character actor
Joy as a given name 
 Joy Behar, American comedian, TV host of The View, and actress
 Joy Davidman, American writer and wife of C. S. Lewis (d. 1960)
 Joy Destiny Tobing, winner of the first Indonesian Idol
 Joy Enriquez, American singer who had success in the early 2000s
 Joy Fawcett, an American soccer player
 Joy Garnett, a New York artist
 Joy Giovanni, WWE diva
 Joy Grieveson (Elizabeth Grieveson), British track and field athlete
 Joy Harjo, an American poet
 Joy Kogawa, a Canadian poet and novelist
 Joy Lauren, an American actress
 Joy Mustafi, Computer Scientist, India, Indian Statistical Institute
 Joy Ogwu, a Nigerian foreign minister
 Joy Padgett, a Republican member of the Ohio Senate
 Joy Quigley, a New Zealand politician
 Joy Smith, a Canadian politician
 Joy Turner, a fictional character on the US sitcom My Name is Earl, played by Jaime Pressly
 Joy Williams, Christian singer
 Judy-Joy Davies, an Australian backstroke swimmer of the 1940s
 Joy Chang, a student
 Joy Serg, "Embargo" guild member
Literature 
 Joy (novel), a 1990 novel by Marsha Hunt
 Joy (novels), series of erotic novels by Joy Laurey
 "Ode to Joy" ("An die Freude" in German), an ode written in 1785 by the German poet and historian Friedrich Schiller
 Surprised by Joy, an autobiographical work by C. S. Lewis
 The Joy of Sex, an illustrated sex manual by Alex Comfort, M.D., Ph.D.
Music 
The fourth and final movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, also called "Ode to Joy"; inspired by the poem of Schiller
Joy to the World (disambiguation), the title of a Christmas carol and several other songs
Joy (album), the final album by The Skids
Joy (EP), a three-song EP by American punk band the Minutemen
Joy (The Stalin), the first album by Japanese punk rock band The Stalin
Joy (Avalon album), a holiday album by Avalon
Joy (Paul King album), the one solo album by Paul King
"Joy", a single by experimental group Psychic TV
Joy and Joy, a single and album by Japanese singer Yuki Isoya
"Joy", a song by Against Me! from their album Searching for a Former Clarity
"Joy", a song by Lucinda Williams on her album Car Wheels on a Gravel Road
"Joy", a song by François Feldman on his album Indigo
"Joy", a song by VNV Nation on their album Praise the Fallen
"Joy", a song by Mick Jagger on his album Goddess in the Doorway
"A Joy", a song by Four Tet on his album Everything Ecstatic
"Joy", an Italo Disco Austrian band, well known for their hit Touch By Touch (1985)
 Joy Division, a band from the United Kingdom
 Joy Electric, a one-man electropop/synth-pop/Christian group consisting of Ronnie Martin
 Joy Records, a record label
Joy as place name 
 Joy, Illinois, a village in the United States
 Joys Green, a village in Gloucestershire, England
 Joy Range, a mountain range on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada
 Port La-Joye / Fort Amherst, French for "Port of Joy", located in central Prince Edward Island, Canada
 Several places called Mount Joy

Miscellaneous 
 Joy Buzzer, a practical joke device
 Joy (programming language), a concatenative functional language
 Joy Melbourne, a radio station in Melbourne, Australia
 Joy dishwashing liquid, a brand name of detergent products produced by Procter & Gamble
 The Joy of Painting, a television program hosted by Bob Ross
 Joystick, a computer game control device
 Nurse Joy, a set of similar looking characters from the fictional Pokémon franchise that operate the Pokémon Centers.
 USS Daniel A Joy (DE 585), a rudderow class destroyer 
 USS Turner Joy (DD-951), a US Navy destroyer named after C. Turner Joy (above)
Grace could mean:
 Grace, Idaho
 Grace (given name), a feminine name
 Grace (prayer), said before or after a meal
 Grace (plotting tool), software
 Grace (photograph), the Minnesota state photograph
 "Grace" (short story), by James Joyce
 Grace (style), a form of address
 "Grace" (Stargate SG-1), a television series episode
 Hyundai Grace, a minivan built by Hyundai Motor Company
 Grace Choi a character in the fictional DC Universe

in music:
 Grace (album) (1994), by Jeff Buckley
 Grace (band), a 1990s dance music group
  Grace (Simon Webbe album), by Simon Webbe

A song:
"Grace" (Jeff Buckley song), a 1994 song by Jeff Buckley
"Grace" (U2 song), a 2000 song by U2
"Grace" (Supergrass song), a 2002 song by Supergrass
"Grace" (Simon Webbe song), a 2007 song by Simon Webbe
"The Grace" (song), a 2005 song by Canadian band Neverending White Lights
in religion:
 Divine grace, unearned favors received from God.
 Prevenient grace, an Augustine Christian theological concept 
 Irresistible grace, a Calvinistic Christian theological concept
 Actual grace, a Catholic theological concept.

Grace may also be:
 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
 One of the Charites

People with the surname Grace
 John Hilton Grace, a British mathematician
 Mark Grace, baseball player
 Mike Grace, baseball player
 Topher Grace, an American actor
 William Gilbert Grace, an English cricket player
 William Russell Grace, founder of W. R. Grace and Company
 Helen Grace, British actress
 Jared Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character
 Simon Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character
 Mallory Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character
 Helen Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character
Related pages
 Gracie
 Saving Grace
"Grace Kelly" (song)
Grace Under Pressure
 States of Grace
 Will & Grace
 Grace Under Fire
 "Grace Under Pressure" (Stargate Atlantis)
 Le Bénédicité ("Grace") a painting by Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in Tennessee, a state in the United States of America. Cities larger than it are Nashville - the capital and largest city of the state; Memphis; and Knoxville. Chattanooga is in the southeast of Tennessee.

The first people to live in the Chattanooga area were Native American Indians with sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. The city became a transport hub, which made it a target in the American Civil War.

Geography and climate 
The United States Census Bureau say that the city has a total area of 143.2 square miles (370.8 km²). This is made up of 135.2 square miles (350.2 km²) of land, and 8.0 square miles (20.6 km²) of water (5.56% of the total area).

The most well known natural feature near Chattanooga is the Tennessee River and the surrounding highlands.  The city is between the southwestern Ridge-and-valley Appalachians and the foot of Walden's Ridge.

References

Other websites 
 City of Chattanooga

 
County seats in Tennessee
Greenville is a city in South Carolina, United States. Bob Jones University is in Greenville. Greenville is in the Blue Ridge region of the state and is the county seat of Greenville County. As of 2010, it had an urban population of 400,492.

References

Other websites 
Greenville website 

 
County seats in South Carolina
1831 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in South Carolina
"Jon Edwards" redirects here.  You may be looking for John Edwards.

Jonathan Edwards can mean:

Jonathan Edwards (theologian) (1703–1758), an American jalen and theologian and president of Princeton University
Jonathan Edwards (athlete) (born 1966), a British triple jumper and world record holder
Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 – March 22, 1758) was a colonial American preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans.  He was one of the most important people in the Great Awakening, a religious movement in the United States.  He preached a sermon called "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God".

1703 births
1758 deaths
American Calvinists
American theologians
Christian missionaries
People from Massachusetts
Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. It is often treated with prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy.

Aggressive prostate cancer is now known to have a genetic basis. Men with gene BRCA2 are more likely to get the cancer, and more likely it will be in its most aggressive form.

References

Male reproductive system
Cancer
Johnny Reid "John" Edwards (born June 10, 1953) is an American politician. He served one term as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.

Early life 
Johnny Edwards was born at Prisma Health Oconee Memorial Hospital in Seneca, South Carolina, He was the son of Wallace Edwards and Catharine Edwards, He studied Clemson University and North Carolina State University,  He graduated with a Bachelor's degree of textile technology in 1974, After that he graduated as a Doctor of Law at University of North Carolina School of Law .

Lawyer 
Before his time in the Senate, he was a lawyer. He argued and won several big cases about doctors who gave bad care and caused harm to patients. He also won lawsuits for people who had been injured by negligence of businesses or by using their products.
His best known case was for a Cary, North Carolina three year old girl. She was badly injured by being sucked into an open drain in a swimming pool playpool for toddlers. Her family won enough money from the drain company to pay for her medical care for the rest of her life.

Political career 
Edwards served for one term in the United States Senate from 1999 to 2005, serving his state of North Carolina. He decided not to run for re-election as he was running for president, and later vice-president, in the 2004 election cycle. He ran for President of the United States twice, in 2004 and 2008, but was defeated by John Kerry and Barack Obama in the Primaries.  He was later chosen to be the Democratic candidate for Vice-President in 2004 on the Kerry ticket, but he was defeated by incumbent Vice-President Dick Cheney.

Personal life 
In 2008, he admitted to having an affair while his wife, Elizabeth was dying.  He has written several books.

References
References

Other websites 
 John Edwards for President official campaign website

1953 births
Living people
Lawyers from North Carolina
2004 United States presidential candidates
American Methodists
Politicians from Raleigh, North Carolina
Politicians from South Carolina
United States senators from North Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Businesspeople from South Carolina
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Writers from Raleigh, North Carolina
Writers from South Carolina
Lawyers from South Carolina
The Fuller Theological Seminary is in Pasadena, California. It is one of North America's largest seminaries. The Seminary has over 4,300 students from over 67 countries and 108 denominations.

References

Other websites 
Official site

Colleges and universities in California
Christian colleges and universities in the United States
Pasadena, California
Seminaries
1947 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in California
In Western Christian theology, a Bachelor of Divinity (BD or BDiv) is usually an undergraduate academic degree given for courses taken in the study of divinity. At some institutions, the BD is a higher degree than the Bachelor of Arts.

Related pages
 Bachelor of Arts
 Master of Arts

Academic degrees
Christian theology
Freespire is a Linux distribution made with parts from Ubuntu. It was made to make using free software easy, while giving the choice to use non-free (not open source) parts. These parts might be programs, drivers, or codecs. Linspire, a commercial Linux distribution, is made from Freespire.

Related pages
List of Linux distributions

References 

Linux distributions
In Christianity, the spiritual gifts are gifts given to Christians. Each Christian has his or her own gift (or gifts). They are talked about in the New Testament, mainly in First Corinthians 12, Romans 12, and Ephesians 4. Some believe that they only worked in early Christianity.

Christian theology
The word sanctification refers to the act of making holy or setting apart as special. The word is used five times in the Authorized Version of the New Testament (1 Corinthians 1:30, 1 Thessalonians 4:3,1 Thessalonians 4:4, 2 Thessalonians 2:13, and 1 Peter 1:2).

To sanctify means “to set apart for special use or purpose,” and “to make holy or sacred,” and etymologically from the Latin verb 'sanctificare' which in turn is from sanctus “holy” and facere “to make.”

When an object or place is made holy, usually a ceremony is performed. Then people see that it is a special object or place and treat it with respect.  A person may also be "set apart for special purpose", as when a priest or pastor is ordained.
Sanctification can also refer to how a person becomes a good moral person, or  someone with a close relationship to God.  This may not include any ceremony.  Persons who achieve this holiness are sometimes called Saints.  Some churches have a list of saints who have been recognized as having been especially holy persons.   

Generally in Protestant teaching, all Christians are considered saints.  All are expected to become people who are close to God and who live a life like that which Jesus taught.  Reading the Bible, prayer, worshiping God and Jesus and telling others about their faith are important in becoming sanctified. 

Christian terminology
Christian theology
Glossolalia, or speaking in tongues, is speaking rapid speech-like syllables which cannot be understood. In some cases it is part of religious practice. Some consider it as a part of a sacred language. It is a common practice amongst Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity.

Linguistics
In 1972 a linguist from the University of Toronto published an assessment of Pentecostal glossolalia. His assessment was based on a large sample of glossolalia recorded in public and private Christian meetings in Italy, the Netherlands, Jamaica, Canada and the US.
Samarin found that glossolalic speech is like human language in some respects. The speaker uses accent, rhythm, intonation and pauses to break up the speech into distinct units. Each unit is itself made up of syllables. The syllables are formed from consonants and vowels taken from a language known to the speaker:
It is verbal behaviour that consists of using a certain number of consonants and vowels... in a limited number of syllables that in turn are organized into larger units that are taken apart and rearranged pseudogrammatically... with variations in pitch, volume, speed and intensity.p120
Samarin found that the resemblance to human language was just on the surface. He concluded that glossolalia is "only a facade of language".p128 The syllable string did not form words, the stream of speech was not internally organized, and – most importantly of all – there was no systematic relationship between units of speech and concepts. Humans use language to communicate but glossolalia does not. Therefore, he concluded that glossolalia is not "a specimen of human language because it is neither internally organized nor systematically related to the world man perceives".p128 On the basis of his linguistic analysis, Samarin defined Pentecostal glossolalia as "meaningless but phonologically structured human utterance, believed by the speaker to be a real language but bearing no systematic resemblance to any natural language, living or dead".p2

References 

Linguistics
Theology
Pentecostalism
Christian hedonism is a controversial Christian doctrine in some evangelical churches, partly those of the Reformed tradition. This term was made by Baptist pastor John Piper in his 1986 book Desiring God. Piper talks about this philosophy of the Christian life as "God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in Him."

hedonism
Yucatec Maya ("Maaya T'aan" in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala) is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula. It is also spoken in northern Belize and parts of Guatemala. To native speakers, it is known only as Maya - "Yucatec" is a label linguists use to distinguish it from other Mayan languages (such as K'iche' and Itza' Maya).

In the Mexican states of Yucatán, northern Campeche and Quintana Roo, Maya remains many speakers' first language today, with approximately 800,000 speakers.

Languages of North America
Languages of Mexico
Maya civilization
Uxmal is a large pre-Columbian city. The ruins are in Mexico today, in the state of Yucatán. According to the records of the Maya, the city was built around the year 500 AD. According to current research, about 25.000 people lived there. Most of the buildings that can be seen today were built between 700 and 1100. After 1200, there seems to be no new construction. The ruling family moved their capital elsewhere, and the population of the city declined. 

According to the documents of the Spanish conquerors, the city still had some importance in the 1550s. It was probably abandoned soon afterwards, as the Spanish built no city nearby.

Maya civilization
Archaeological sites in Mexico
Yucatán (state)
Tayasal is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site from the Postclassic period.  The site is in the southern Maya lowlands on a small island in Lake Petén Itzá. This island is now part of the Department of Petén in northern Guatemala.  Tayasal was the capital of one of the last independent Maya polities to be conquered by the Spanish conquistadores and colonizers, along with Zacpeten (the capital of the Ko'woj Maya) and Eixequil (the Yalnain capital), in 1697.  

As an archaeological site, it was heavily damaged by the Spanish after its fall.  The capital city of the modern Petén department, Flores, has been built over the island and the nearby shores of the lake.  

The Itza left the Yucatán region in the 13th century and built the city later known as Tayasal as their capital. They called it Noh Petén, or literally "City Island". It was also called Tah Itzá, or Place of the Itzá.
In 1541, Hernán Cortés came to the island, on route to Honduras, but needed to move on and did not try to conquer it due to its very good defensive position. 

The Spanish were not able to conquer the island until 1697, after several attempts, that begun in 1629, when they marched in, from Corozal in Belize, Yucatán and Alta Verapaz, attacked with boats, and destroyed it. Many Itzá people hid in the jungle for years. The structures of Noh Petén were turned into the Roman Catholic Church and other buildings in the city of Flores.

Related pages
Spanish conquest of Yucatán

Other websites
History and Photos from Tayasal, Zacpetén and Queixil Islands 

Archaeological sites in Guatemala
Maya civilization
An archaeological site is a place where physical remains of the past survive. The archaeologists working there will carefully record what they find. They may also change the site so that what has been found can be preserved better.

The site will have trenches so that people can excavate better. To start the excavation, the topsoil will be removed. Special tools like pickaxes and mattocks are used to break up and remove very hard compacted soil. Shovels and spades are used to clear away bulk debris. Other hand tools used in bulk cleanup work are hoes, rakes, forks, and the wheelbarrow to cart it away.

Related pages 
Cultural heritage
Copán was a Maya city. Today, the ruins are in Honduras, near the border to Guatemala. The kingdom of Copan flourished from the 5th to the 9th century. The people would hire slaves to build houses. If they hired 80 - 100 workers it would usually take them around 2-3 months to finish it

History of Honduras
Maya civilization
Stephenie Meyer (born December 24, 1973 in Hartford, Connecticut) is an American author. She was raised in Phoenix, Arizona. She is the author of the Twilight series. The Host, Meyer's first adult novel, was released on May 6, 2008.

Critical reception 
Meyer's first novel, Twilight, has won numerous honors, including: 

 A New York Times Editor's Choice
 A Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year
 An Amazon.com "Best Book of the Decade...So Far"
 A Teen People "Hot List" pick
 An American Library Association "Top Ten Best Book for Young Adults" and "Top Ten Books for Reluctant Readers”
 Translation into 20 languages

References

Other websites 

 Stephenie Meyer's official website
 The Twilight Series's official website
 The Twilight Lexicon
 Stephenie's IMDB page

1973 births
Living people
Writers from Hartford, Connecticut
Writers from Phoenix, Arizona
Flora Jane Thompson (5 December 1876 – 21 May 1947) was an English novelist and poet that was famous for her semi-autobiographical trilogy about the English countryside, Lark Rise to Candleford.

She was born in Juniper Hill, a hamlet in north-east Oxfordshire. She was the eldest of six children of the stonemason Albert and the nursemaid Emma Timms. In her books her favourite brother, Edwin, is mentioned as important companion during her childhood. He was killed near Ypres in 1916. Flora was educated in the village Cottisford and worked in various post offices in southern England. The first of these was Fringford, a village about four miles north-east of Bicester. Flora started work here in 1891, as assistant to the postmistress, Mrs. Kezia Whitton. Among other post offices where Flora worked was that at Grayshott, in Hampshire, and she later moved to Bournemouth. In 1903 she married John William Thompson, with whom she had two sons and a daughter.
Flora benefited from good access to books when the public library opened in Winton, in 1907. Not long after, in 1911, she won an essay competition in The Ladies Companion for a 300-word essay on Jane Austen. She later wrote extensively, publishing short stories and magazine and newspaper articles. She was a keen self-taught naturalist and many of her nature articles were anthologised in 1986.

Her most famous works are the Lark Rise to Candleford trilogy, which she sent as essays to Oxford University Press in 1938 and which were published soon after. The books are a, if autobiographical, but fictionalised social history of rural English life in the late 19th and early 20th century and are now considered minor classics.

Flora Thompson died in 1947 in Brixham, Devon and is buried at Longcross Cemetery, Dartmouth, Devon.

Bibliography

Verse
 Bog Myrtle and Peat (1921)
Novels
 Lark Rise (1939)
 Over to Candleford (1941)
 Candleford Green (1943)
 Lark Rise to Candleford (1945, above three novels published as a trilogy)
 Still Glides the Stream (1948, published posthumously)
 Heatherley (sequel to Lark Rise to Candleford written c.1944 - published posthumously first in A Country Calendar 1979 along with some Peverel Papers and some poems; then as single volume 1998)
 Gates of Eden (serialised in The Peverel Monthly edited by Flora in the late 1920s but never published as a separate volume)

Nature articles
 The Peverel Papers (1986, published posthumously)

References

Other websites

Flora Thompson website
Lark Rise to Candleford website

1876 births
1947 deaths
English novelists
English poets
ClamWin Free Antivirus is a free, open source antivirus software for Microsoft Windows. It provides a graphical user interface to the ClamAV engine.

ClamWin is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License and can be downloaded from the official website for free.

References

Other websites 
 

Free software

de:ClamAV#ClamWin für Windows
Marcel "Marco" van Basten (; born 31 October 1964) is a former Dutch footballer. He was most recently the manager of the Netherlands national football team. He had to quit playing football early because of an injury that kept him from playing for more than a year.

Van Basten was known for his strength on the ball, his tactical awareness and spectacular strikes and volleys. He is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.

Awards 
Van Basten was named FIFA World Player of the Year in 1992 and won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1988, 1989 and 1992. He was named "UEFA best Player of the Year" three times (1989, 1990 and 1992) and "FIFA World Player of the Year" in 1992. In a French magazine named France Football, he was voted as one of the eight best Football Players of the Century. In 1999, he was ranked sixth in the FIFA Player of the Century internet poll.

Career statistics

Club

International
International 

Scores and results list the Netherlands' goal tally first, score column indicates score after each van Basten goal.

Managerial statistics

International matches
Matches as manager

Honours

Ajax
Eredivisie: 1981–82, 1982–83, 1984–85
KNVB Cup: 1982–83, 1985–86, 1986–87
European Cup Winners' Cup: 1986–87

A.C. Milan
Serie A: 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93,  1993–94
Supercoppa Italiana: 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994
European Cup: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94
European Supercup: 1989, 1990 , 1994
Intercontinental Cup: 1989, 1990

Netherlands
UEFA European Championship: 1988
Individual
 Ballon d'Or: 1988, 1989, 1992
 FIFA World Player of the Year: 1992
 UEFA Best Player of the Year: 1989, 1990, 1992
 European Cup Top Scorer: 1988–89
 Serie A Golden Boot: 1989–90, 1991–92
 Eredivisie Top Scorer: 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87
 European Silver Boot: 1983–84
 Dutch Footballer of the Year: 1985
 European Golden Boot: 1985–86
 World Golden Boot: 1985–86
 Bravo Award: 1987
 Onze d'Argent: 1987, 1992
 Onze d'Or: 1988, 1989
Onze de Onze: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992
 IFFHS World's Best Player: 1988, 1989
 World Soccer Player of the Year: 1987 (3rd), 1988, 1989 (2nd), 1992
RSSSF Player of the Year: 1992
El País King of European Soccer: 1992
 UEFA Euro 1988: Top Scorer and Best Player with 5 goals
UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1988, 1992
Planète Foot World All-Time Team: 1996
Planète Foot's 50 of the World's Best Players: 1996
Venerdì's 100 Magnificent: 1997
IFFHS Football Player of the Century 12th: 1999
Placar's 100 Best Players of the Century 26th: 1999
France Football's Football Player of the Century 8th: 1999
World Soccer Greatest Players of the 20th Century 9th: 1999
Guerin' Sportivo's 50 Greatest Players of the Century by Adalberto Bortolotti 11th: 1999
 FIFA 100 (List of the greatest living footballers picked by Pelé): 2004
AFS Top-100 Players of All-Time 12th: 2007
 UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll: #4
 Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2012
World Hall of Fame of Soccer: 2012
 UEFA Euro All-time XI (published 2016)
 AC Milan Hall of Fame
 IFFHS Legends
Voetbal International's World Stars by Raf Willems
Ballon d'Or Dream Team (Bronze): 2020
Notes

References

Other websites

 
 Marco van Basten extensive profile at AC Milan Online
 
 Marco van Basten dedicated fanpage

1964 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Association football forwards
A.C. Milan players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Dutch football managers
AZ Alkmaar managers
Eredivisie managers
People from Utrecht (city)
Ballon d'Or winners
Jong Ajax managers
Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar. The term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves.

The common materials of masonry construction are brick, stone such as marble, granite, travertine, limestone; concrete block, glass block, and tile. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction.

Applications

Masonry is commonly used for the walls of buildings, retaining walls and monuments. Brick is the most common type of masonry. Concrete block masonry is rapidly gaining in popularity as a comparable material.

Related pages
Castle
Defensive wall
Stonemasonry
Freemasonry

Other websites

 Mason Contractors Association of America
 MasonrySystems.org
 International Masonry Institute
 International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
 Masonry Advisory Council
 National Concrete Masonry Association

Construction
Lark Rise to Candleford  is a trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels set in the English countryside in the late 19th century. They were written by Flora Thompson, and first published in that form in 1945. The trilogy includes the previously published stories Lark Rise (1939), Over to Candleford (1941) and Candleford Green (1943).

The stories relate to three communities, a hamlet, the nearby village and the nearest town in Oxfordshire, England. The stories are loosely based around Flora's childhood experiences. The books describe village life through the seasons of the year.
The plays
The television scriptwriter and playwright Keith Dewhurst adapted Thompson’s trilogy into two plays, Lark Rise and Candleford, which were performed in the Cottesloe auditorium of London’s National Theatre in 1978–9. Dewhurst selected just two days: the first day of harvest for Lark Rise and the first hunt meet of the new year, a winter’s day in January, for Candleford. The plays try to make the audience recognize the value of a way of life, close to the land and countryside, that they could never know for themselves. “It will send most spectators out wiser and happier human beings...one of those rare theatrical occasions with a genuine healing quality”,  wrote theatre critic Michael Billington of The Guardian.

Television

A ten-part BBC adaptation, starring Dawn French and others, began on BBC One in the UK on 13 January 2008.

References
References

Other websites
Lark Rise Visited   The Soundtrack from the TV show.
Great War Fiction Commentary from a resident of Juniper Hill—the real village of “Lark Rise”.

English novels
Fiction set in the past
Oxfordshire
Series of books
Lark Rise to Candleford is a British television costume drama series, adapted by the BBC from Flora Thompson's trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside. The first episode aired on 13 January 2008 on BBC One and BBC HD. Its cast includes actors from other late 2007 and early 2008 BBC costume dramas such as Sense and Sensibility and Cranford.

The story set in Oxfordshire. It is about Laura Timmins, a teenage girl from the village of Lark Rise who is sent by her parents to work as an assistant at the post office in the nearby town of Candleford.  The post office is run by Miss Dorcas Lane, who is a cousin of Laura's mother.  Laura's father, the stonemason Robert Timmins, at first misses her but later becomes proud of her for doing well in her new job.  Laura's friend Alf Arless is in love with her, but, as Laura becomes used to life in Candleford, he realises that she will never return his feelings.
The other post office workers are the postman, Thomas Brown, a very religious man who tries not to get involved in any kind of mischief or fun; the maid Zillah, who has been with Miss Lane for many years and considers herself in charge of the household; and Mrs Macey, the senior assistant who decides to leave when other people find out that her husband has been in prison.

A second series began in January 2009, introducing some new characters. These include a new maid, Minnie, and a rich hotel-owner, James Dowland, who falls in love with Dorcas Lane.

In the end, the series had a four season run. The BBC stopped a fifth season, because the team felt that after four seasons, the time was right to bring in new dramas. It was said they hoped viewers would love the new programmes in the same way.  The last episode on BBC was in early 2011.