Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Growing conditions 
It is a warm-temperate to subtropical plant that will also grow in the tropics but requires some winter chilling to fruit. In the northern hemisphere it has been cultivated as far north as western Scotland but does not fruit every year, as winter temperatures below about -11 °C will kill the flower buds. A lot of feijoa are grown in New Zealand, where the fruit is a popular garden tree and the fruit is commonly available in season.

Eating 
The fruit is usually eaten by cutting it in half, then scooping out the pulp with a spoon. It is popular in New Zealand to stew them in a pot with sugar and serve hot with vanilla ice cream in the wintertime . The fruits have a juicy sweet seed pulp, and slightly gritty flesh nearer the skin. The flavor is aromatic and sweet. The skin itself is tart and sour but also edible. If the utensils needed to eat it this way are not available, the feijoa can be torn or bitten in half, and the contents squeezed out and consumed.
Fruit maturity is not always apparent from the outside as the fruits remain green until they are over mature or rotting. When the fruits are immature the seed pulp is white and opaque, becoming clear and jelly-like when ripe. Fruits are at their optimum maturity when the seed pulp has turned into a clear jelly with no hint of browning. Once the seed pulp and surrounding flesh start to brown, the fruit is over mature and should not be eaten.

Other websites 

 Fruits of Warm Climates: Feijoa
 California Rare Fruit Growers: Feijoa Fruit Facts 
 New Zealand Feijoa Growers Association Inc.

Myrtaceae
Trees
Fruits
Wessex was an old Anglo-Saxon kingdom before England became one country. It was one of seven kingdoms in England. It was named after the West Saxons. It was in the south and southwest of England. Wessex was a kingdom from the 6th century until the English state was made in the 9th century. It was an earldom between 1016 and 1066. Then "Wessex" was not an official place name. The 19th century novelist Thomas Hardy wrote about Wessex in his books which tell stories set in that area.

His Royal Highness The Prince Edward was given the title "Earl of Wessex" when he married Sophie who became the Countess of Wessex. The title Earl of Wessex had not been used since the last earl, King Harold Godwinson, was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

Anglo-Saxons
Petty kingdoms of England
6th-century establishments in England
Barrel racing is an event often seen in rodeos. It involves a rider and horse going around 3 barrels in a cloverleaf pattern, started on either the right or the left side, but more often than not, the right side. Riders go from one barrel to the next making a square pattern around each and then running back past the timer in want of the fastest time.

Horse riding
Clover (Trifolium) is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the pea family. It grows worldwide, mainly in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics.

They are small herbaceous plants. It has three sections to each leave, which looks like three leaves. This is called trifoliate.

Clover is often associated with Ireland.

References 

Faboideae
Clover could mean:

Plants
 Clover, a genus of plants

Places
 Clover, South Carolina, a town in York County
 Clover, Virginia, a place in Halifax County

Companies
 Clover Studio, the now defunct Capcom funded game developer
 Clover (toy company), a Japanese toy company
 Clover (dairy), a South African dairy company
 Clover (basses), a German company manufacturing bass guitars
 Clover Records, a record label
 Clover G Records, a record label

Clover was also the name of a defunct discount department store owned by Strawbridge and Clothier department stores in Pennsylvania.

Rivers
 Clover Creek (Pennsylvania), a tributary of the Frankstown Branch Juniata River
 Clover Creek (Washington)
Other things
 Clover (telescope), an astronomical telescope
 Clover (detector), a gamma ray detector
 Clover (manga), a manga by CLAMP
 Clover may also refer to the symbol on the Command key for official Apple Computer keyboards (⌘, U+2318)
 The Clovers, an American R&B band
 Clover (software tool), a Java code coverage tool
 Clover, one of the three spies in the cartoon Totally Spies!.
 CLOVER, a family of modulation techniques, mainly used for data communication over HF radio links.
The discus throw is an event in athletics, where a heavy disc is thrown for distance. It was invented in 708 BC in Ancient Greece. The goal is to throw the discus farther than your opponents.

The discus throw is the subject of a number of well-known ancient Greek statues and Roman copies of them. US thrower Al Oerter is one of only two athletes to win the same individual event at four consecutive Olympic Games.

Related pages
Hammer throw
Javelin throw
Shot put

References 

Events in athletics
Athletics may mean:
 Track and field athletics, a group of sport events that involves either running, walking, throwing or jumping on a running track or the field inside a running track
 Sport in general
 Oakland Athletics, Major League Baseball team based in Oakland, California
 Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876), a former baseball team
 Philadelphia Athletics (American Association), a former baseball team from 1882 through 1890
 Philadelphia Athletics (1890–1891), a former baseball team
 Philadelphia Athletics (American football), a former American football team
Eragon is a book written by Christopher Paolini. It was published in August 2003. Eragon is the first book in the Inheritance Cycle. The second book in the Inheritance Cycle, called Eldest, was published in mid-2005. The third of the four books, Brisingr, was released in 2008. Eragon was made into a movie and released in cinemas on December 2006. It was released on DVD in March 2007.
A long time ago, the Dragon Riders kept peace in the world between the humans, dragons, elves, and dwarves. They were humans or elves bonded to dragons. However, the dragon of a human Rider named Galbatorix was killed by the Urgals (a species that fights a lot). Galbatorix became insane because of this. The Riders would not give him another dragon, so he decided to destroy them. He stole a black baby dragon and forced it to bond with him with evil magic. Then he and other traitors fought with the Riders. Finally, they killed them all and Galbatorix became king of the humans. The book Eragon begins 100 years after this. When it begins, Galbatorix is trying to find and destroy the elves (who are hiding in a forest called Du Weldenvarden), dwarves (who are hiding in the Beor Mountains - a gigantic mountain range reaching far above the clouds), and the Varden (a group of rebels hidden with the dwarves). He has not destroyed the elves yet, because he is still cautious of their power
. He has not destroyed the Varden or dwarves because he cannot yet find them in the large mountain range.
The story itself begins with a young farm boy named Eragon finding a polished blue stone in the Spine (a smaller mountain range and woods). The stone turns out to be a dragon egg, and the dragon that hatches from it is named Saphira. Eragon's uncle, Garrow is killed by the Ra'zac (insect-like creatures that work for Galbatorix), who want to find and capture Eragon and Saphira. Eragon decides to find them and kill them in revenge because of his uncle's death. He and Saphira leave, along with Brom, an old storyteller who tells Eragon and Saphira many things about dragons and Riders and promises to help them. In Yu'Zuac, Eragon and Brom were ambushed by two Urgals. After Brom was knocked from his horse, the Urgals chased Eragon, when he used magic to defeat them. Brom also teaches Eragon how to control magic after this. While they are travelling, they find a flask (a container, which usually holds liquids like water) full of corrupted Seithr oil dropped by the Ra'zac
. This oil is very rare, so Eragon gets the idea to go to a coastal city for shipping records to find the Ra'zac. The three travel to the city of Teirm to see Brom's old friend, Joed. Joed is a merchant who is secretly giving supplies to the Varden. However all of his ships are being destroyed somehow by someone who knows he is working for the Varden. He helps them find a record of where the Ra'zac are - a city named Dras-Leona. Brom, Eragon, and Saphira travel to Dras-Leona, but Eragon is seen by Galbatorix's soldiers. The three run away, but the Ra'zac find them and capture them. Then they are driven away by a stranger named Murtagh, but they wound Brom first. Brom dies soon, but not before telling Eragon and Murtagh that he was secretly a Rider whose dragon was killed by Galbatorix.
Eragon and Saphira bury Brom. They decide to go to the Varden to fight Galbatorix, with Murtagh who does not want to go, but will help them until they reach the Varden, but they do not know where the Varden are. They go to Gilead, another city, to find someone who knows where the Varden are. While Murtagh is in the city, he comes back and the next morning, Eragon is captured when the three are ambushed by more Urgals. His food and water is drugged to make him forget magic so he can not escape. He realizes he is being given drugs in his food and stops eating the food. Finally, the drugs wear off and Eragon can use magic to escape. He breaks out, only to find Murtagh breaking in. The two rescue an elf that is also in the prison. Her name is Arya. They are attacked by a Shade (a sorcerer controlled by evil spirits), but escape. Arya is unconscious, but Eragon can talk to her in her mind and she tells him where the Varden are
. They must go across a desert to get there, and Arya is dying from a poison, so they must hurry. They finally make it to the Varden (who are hiding in the Beor Mountains with the dwarves), but on the way Murtagh tells Eragon that Murtagh is the son of Morzan, a Rider who helped Galbatorix kill the other Riders. When they get to the Varden, Murtagh is captured because he is Morzan's son, but Arya is healed. Then the Varden and their leader (named Ajihad) find out Galbatorix is attacking them with Urgals. Murtagh is released to help the Varden, which he does. There is a big battle. In it, the Shade appears. Eragon fights the Shade and, with the help of Arya and Saphira, he kills the Shade, but his back is hit with a sword by the Shade. While Eragon is unconscious, he is rescued from death by a mysterious elf, who touched his mind and blocked the pain. Eragon promises to go to the elves with Arya for more training. Eragon wakes up and finds he is scarred by Durza's strike
. The book ends with Eragon promising again to himself that he will go to the elves.
Reviews 
Christopher Paolini was only 15 when he started writing Eragon, which many people have found impressive. He has also been praised for his writing style and the world he created. His strong female characters were also praised. However, some people think he is not a good writer, because his book is too much like other books (like The Lord of the Rings) and movies (like Star Wars). They also think he uses many complicated words when he does not need to. Unlike the book, the movie of Eragon is not liked by many people. They dislike it because it did not follow the book very well and changed many parts of the story which would make making more movies of the series harder.

2003 books
Inheritance Cycle
Captain William Baillie (June 5, 1723 – December 22, 1810) was an Irish military man and artist. 
         
Baillie went to London at age of 18 to study law, but liked art more. Shortly after getting to London, he joined the army. He served at the Battle of Culloden the Battle of Minden and retired with the rank of Captain. Baillie was later made the Commissioner of Stamps, which he was until 1795.

While he continued as an artist, what he is most famous for was his skill repairing and printing etching plates. He worked on plates by many artists, including Gerard Dou, Nicolas Poussin, and most notably Rembrandt. Apparently he got a number of Rembrandt's worn-out plates. The three best known:
The Goldweigher: He did a really fine job on this. The prints from it are at least as good as those done personally by Rembrandt.
The Hundred Guilder Print (Christ Preaching): He changed it in a rather bad way. He then cut it up, and sold the pieces separately.
The Three Trees: The lower portion of this had been destroyed. Baillie redid that part of the plate by copying an old print. It is not bad, but does not have the feeling that was in the original Rembrandt.

A book of prints, after the above artists, was published in 1792, in two volumes, with subsequent editions.

Other websites
Artist profile on Artoftheprint.com

1723 births
1810 deaths
People from the Republic of Ireland
Artists
Rusty Anderson (born January 20, 1959) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter from La Habra, California. He has played lead guitar for Paul McCartney since 2001. He has played for many famous musicians, for example, Elton John, The Bangles, Courtney Love and Belinda Carlisle. He also has a band called Rusty Anderson Afternoon whose first single "Effortless" hit Number One on American radio  and whose first full-length record RAA debuted in the Top Ten Alt Chart on iTunes.

Discography 
 2004 CD Undressing Underwater 
 2009 CD Born On Earth
 2014 EP II 
 2016 RAA

References

Other websites 

 Official site
 maccareport page of Rusty 
facebook
twitter
instagram

American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from California
American rock musicians
1959 births
Living people
HLS has a number of meanings:
Harvard Law School
Homeland Security
Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz, a Swiss encyclopedia
Hue, Saturation, Lightness color space (can be referred to as either HLS or HSL)
Huntingdon Life Sciences, a contract animal-testing company based in Huntingdon, England, and New Jersey.
A handshake is when two people hold hands for a few seconds and move them up and down before letting go.  It is often used like a greeting (like saying "Hello, Hi" or "goodbye" when people meet) or to say that two people have agreed on something. Handshakes are also used between romantic partners.

The action is ancient, and occurs (or occurred) in many cultures. There are, however, many slight differences. In some cultures, the handshake is firm, in others it is gentle. In some cultures the senior person leads the handshake. The length of time also varies between cultures. One thing is almost universal: hand shaking is done with bare hands.

Another aspect is: do men shake hands with women? In the past, in many societies, they did not. Today, in western society, handshakes are allowed if the female offers her hand. It is not done between family members, when hugs and kisses are more usual.

Some secret societies have secret handshakes to show they are part of the group.

Related pages 
Greeting

References
References 

Non-verbal communication
Messaging
A wave is a movement of the hand that people use to greet each other or say goodbye. People wave by raising their hand and moving it from side to side. They can also wave by moving their hand up and down. The way that people wave generally depends on their culture. 

Non-verbal communication
A baseball bat is a smooth wooden or metal rod used in the game of baseball to hit the ball after the ball is thrown by the pitcher.  It is not more than 2⅔ inches (70 mm) in diameter at the thickest part and not more than 42 inches (1067 mm) in length. It usually weighs no greater than four pounds (1.8 kg). The batter uses the bat to try to hit a pitched ball so that he may run around the bases and score points.

Bats are sometimes used as a weapon in fights or attacks. When a bat is used this way, it can be called a club.

Major League Baseball is using bats of pink color by players who agree during games played on Mother's Day as an event to support the pink ribbon campaign (breast cancer extermination movement). 

Baseball equipment
Softball is a sport similar to baseball.  Men, women, boys, or girls can play softball.     

There are three types of softball: fastpitch, modified and slow pitch.  In both types of softball, pitchers throw underhand (with hand below shoulder level).

How softball is played 
There are nine to twelve players per team. The basic goal is to get as many players to home plate as possible. In order to get to home plate, a player usually has to hit the ball.  There are many techniques for hitting (which is called batting).  There are also different types of bunts.  

Once the ball is in play, the batter runs to first base, then waits until the next player hits the ball in order to advance to second base. This keeps on going on until there are three outs.  Then the team on the field goes in to bat, and the team that was up to bat goes to the field.
Equipment 
Ball: Softballs are not actually soft.  They are larger than baseballs, and weigh about 6.25-7.0oz for fastpitch and 5.87-6.12oz for slowpitch. The ball has a raised seam and is usually yellow or white. The softball was invented in Chicago.

Gloves: All defensive players wear gloves.  The glove is used to catch the ball when it is hit or thrown to the player. The gloves are usually made out of leather or similar material. The catcher has a special glove that is extra padded to protect the hand from catching the ball thrown by the pitcher. The first baseman may have a special glove also.  It has a bigger pocket to catch the ball more easily, because first basemen get the ball thrown to them multiple times during each inning.

Bat: The bat used by the offense can be made out of wood or aluminum or other composite materials, such as carbon fiber. It cannot be longer than 34 inches long, 6.0 inches indiameter (length of one side of a circle to the other side), and 38oz in mass.
Fastpitch  
Fastpitch softball is only for female athletes.  The ages range from five years old to the college or professional level. 

Fastpitch pitching distance can be between 35 and 45 feet; it all depends on the age of the players. The pitches can travel around 60mph, also depending on the age of the players. The pitcher's arm rotates 360 degrees around her shoulder until the ball is released from the hand.

Slowpitch 
Slowpitch softball is for both men and women, usually a sport for adults. 

Slowpitch pitching distance is 50 feet for both male and female players. The pitchers arm motion is a half a windmill, meaning that it is an underhand throw.

Softball terms 

Home plate: A five-sided white flat base.  The batter stands next to home plate, and the catcher plays behind the plate.

Shortstop: A defensive position in between 2nd base and third base

Right field: A defensive outfield position, on the right side of the field (behind the first baseman and second baseman).
Center field: A defensive outfield position, right behind second base.

Left field: A defensive outfield position, on the left side of the field (behind the shortstop and third baseman).

Innings: There are usually anywhere in between 3-7 innings in a softball game. The number of innings played usually depends on the league, rules, and whether the game is fastpitch or slowpitch.  An inning is over after three outs.

Strikes: The player gets three strikes before they are out.  This is called a strikeout.
it is commonly played in Antarctica, it is their national sport.

Softball
Bat or Bats may mean:
 Bat, the flying mammal

Sports:
 The Louisville Bats, a AAA minor league baseball team related to the Cincinnati Reds, based in Louisville, Kentucky
 Bat, a club or broad, blunt and/or club-like object
 Bat, a piece of sports equipment such as a baseball bat or cricket bat

Entertainment:
 The Bat (1926 movie), a silent movie based on a play by Mary Roberts Rinehart and Avery Hopwood
 The Bat (1959 movie), based on the same Rinehart/Hopwood play
 Bats (movie) (1999), starring Lou Diamond Phillips and Bob Gunton
 The Bats, a New Zealand rock band
 The Bats (American band), a short-lived American rock band
 The Bat, the English name for the 1874 comic operetta Die Fledermaus
 "Bats" and "The Bat", nicknames of Batman

Science:

 The Broadly Applicable Tracking System, a tool scientists use to study small animals.

Computing:
 The Bat!, an email client by RitLabs for Microsoft Windows
 ".bat", the filetype extension for Microsoft Windows batch files
 Bat, metasyntactic variable
Military:
 Bat (guided bomb), a radar-guided, air-to-surface glide bomb
 HMS Bat, two Royal Navy ships

Roller coasters:
 The Bat (Canada's Wonderland), a roller coaster at Canada's Wonderland
 The Bat (Kings Island), a roller coaster at Kings Island
 Bat (Lagoon) a roller coaster at Lagoon

Other languages:
 Bat, an alternative transliteration of Bata (goddess)
 Bat, a Hebrew word, meaning "daughter" or "daughter of." It is also used in Jewish names such as "Rachel bat Moshe," meaning "Rachel, daughter of Moshe"
 Bats language, a Caucasian people and their language
 Bats, Landes, a commune of the Landes département of France

Related pages
 The acronym form: BAT
Dietrich Buxtehude (or Dieterich according to Danish spelling) (born about 1637; died May 9, 1707) was a German (or Danish) composer and organist.  He is one of the most important composers of the mid-Baroque period.  He is best known for his organ works which are very often heard at recitals and church services. He also wrote a lot of excellent choral music and music for instruments, including the viola da gamba, an instrument which he played.  He had a very important influence on Johann Sebastian Bach.  When Bach was a very young man he walked over 200 miles to hear Buxtehude play the organ.

Life

Early years in Denmark
Very little is known of Buxtehude’s earliest years.  We cannot be sure where he was born.  His family came from the town of Buxtehude in North Germany but had moved to Oldesloe which is now in Germany but at that time it was part of Denmark.  His father was organist in Oldesloe, but around the time of Dietrich’s birth the family moved to Helsingborg which is now called Hälsingborg  and is in Sweden, but at that time Helsingborg, too, was part of Denmark. 

In 1641 the family moved to Helsingør which was just across the water, in Denmark.  Dietrich Buxtehude probably went to school in Helsingør and learned music from his father.  When he was 20 he got his first job at Helsingborg in the Marienkirche (St Mary’s Church) where his father had been organist some years before.  Sweden and Denmark were at war at the time, fighting about which country Helsingborg should be in.  This must have made things rather difficult for the young Buxtehude.  The people who went to the Marienkirche were German-speaking.
Lübeck years

In 1668 Buxtehude got the job of organist at the Marienkirche in Lübeck in Germany.  This was a very important job at one of the biggest churches in Germany.  The organist before him had been a man called Franz Tunder.  He had a daughter, Anna Margarethe, and Buxtehude married her. His job was not only to play the organ, but also to tune it and do a lot of administration in the church.  He composed many cantatas for the services and organized five evening musical performances every year.  These concerts were called  “Abendmusik” (“Evening Music”) and were held at 4.00pm after the Evening Service.  Unfortunately we do not know what music was performed at these concerts.
Buxtehude stayed in this job for the rest of his life.  He never travelled very far.  Nicolaus Bruhns was one of his pupils, and Pachelbel wrote a piece of music called Hexachordum Apollonis for him.   In 1706, when Johann Sebastian Bach was 21, he got permission for four weeks holiday so that he could go to Lübeck to hear Buxtehude play.  He stayed in Lübeck for four months and so he got into trouble when he went back to his job at Arnstadt.

In 1707 Buxtehude wanted to retire.  Whoever took his job would have to marry Buxtehude’s daughter, Anna.   Bach and Mattheson were interested in the job but decided not to take it.  Probably they did not want to marry Anna Buxtehude.  Buxtehude died, and the man who had been his assistant got the job and married Anna shortly afterwards.
His Music
The organs that Buxtehude played were very large instruments with bright sounds (bright mixtures, reeds and a “Zimbalstern” which was a star which went round and round, making a tinkling sound).  His music is very grand and impressive.  Many of his organ pieces have several sections, each one at a different speed.  They often sound like a free improvisation.  Some of the sections are fugues. At least 128 vocal works survive, they are nearly all church music.  He wrote instrumental works, chamber music and pieces for harpsichord.

1630s births
1707 deaths
Baroque composers
Danish composers
17th-century German composers
German organists
For the German Baroque composer, see Dieterich Buxtehude.

Buxtehude () is a town in Northern Germany. It has 39,000 inhabitants. It is by the Este river which joins the city to the important river Elbe just  away.

Buxtehude is known as "The Fairytale Capital" of the world. The tale of "The Bunny and the Hedgehog" by the Brothers Grimm is set in this town.

The Pistennacht is an event where bars, restaurants and clubs in the old part of town are open all night long. The Pfingstmarkt is a big fair which is held at Whitsun (Pfingsten). There is a lot to do including rides on a Ferris Wheel. On the first weekend of June there is a big feast in the old part of the town, which also has a wine festival every year.

References

Other websites

 Official site
Summit Entertainment is an American movie production and distribution company. It is a label of Lionsgate Films, owned by Lionsgate Entertainment. The company was founded in 1991. It is headquartered in Santa Monica, California.

References 

Movie production companies
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
1991 establishments in California
The Harlem Renaissance is the name for a movement in African-American culture in the 1920s and 1930s which has had a big influence  on African-American literature, philosophy and music. The Harlem Renaissance is also called the "Black Literary Renaissance", '"The New Negro Movement" and "The flowering of Negro literature". 

The movement began in Harlem, New York after World War I. In 1925 a book was published called "The New Negro", edited by Alain Locke. This book was a collection of writing by African-Americans which looked at their people's lives experiences since the Civil War. From 1925 onwards, there was a movement called the "New Negro Movement", named after the book.
The movement began to affect the thinking of many African-American writers and artists of all sorts. They challenged the thinking of many white Americans towards black Americans. They refused to be treated as if they were not equal. They refused to just copy the sorts of writing, art and music that white Americans did. They wanted to celebrate the fact that their African culture had survived through the terrible years of slavery, and was being "reborn". (The word "Renaissance" means "rebirth" and is generally used for a time from 1400 to 1600 in Europe.)

Important writers and musicians of the Harlem Renaissance

Novels
Novels 

 Jessie Redmon Fauset – There is Confusion (1924), Plum Bun (1928), The Chinaberry Tree (1931), Comedy, American Style (1933)
 Rudolph Fisher – The Walls of Jericho (1928), The Conjure Man Dies (1932)
 Langston Hughes – Not Without Laughter (1930)
 Zora Neale Hurston – Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937)
 Nella Larsen – Quicksand (1928), Passing (1929)
 Claude McKay – Home to Harlem (1927), Banjo (1929), Gingertown (1931), Banana Bottom (1933)
 George Schuyler – Black No More (1930), Slaves Today (1931)
 Wallace Thurman – The Blacker the Berry (1929), Infants of the Spring (1932), Interne (1932)
 Jean Toomer – Cane (1923)
 Carl Van Vechten – Nigger Heaven (1926)
 Eric Walrond – Tropic Death (1926)
 Walter White – The Fire in the Flint (1924), Flight (1926)
Paul Laurence Dubar - The Old Cabin (1905)

Drama
 Charles Gilpin, actor
 Eugene O'Neill, playwright–Emperor Jones, All God's Chillun Got Wings
 Paul Robeson
Poetry
 Langston Hughes, poet
 Jessie Fauset, editor, poet, essayist and novelist
 Countee Cullen, poet – The Black Christ and Other Poems (1929)
 Claude McKay, poet
 James Weldon Johnson, poet
 Arna Bontemps, poet
 Richard Bruce Nugent, poet

Musicians/Composers 

Nora Douglas Holt Ray
Billie Holiday
Duke Ellington
Count Basie
Louis Armstrong
Eubie Blake
Bessie Smith
Fats Waller
Aretha Franklin
Ella Fitzgerald

Popular entertainment
Cotton Club
Apollo Theater
Black Swan Records
Small's Paradise
Connie's Inn
Speakeasies
Rent party

1920s in the United States
African-American history
American music history
American literature
Hollywood Pictures was one of Walt Disney Studios movie companies. It makes movies for a more adult audience than Walt Disney Pictures.  It is similar to Disney's Touchstone Pictures brand. The studio was launched in 1989, but was closed in 2007.

List of films released by Hollywood Pictures

1990s

2000s

The Walt Disney Company
Defunct companies

American movie studios
The "Third World" describes the developing countries.

The term Third World was introduced during the Cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union.  At that time, there were three "worlds".  The term is now considered outdated, but until the late 20th century, it reflected economic and political divisions among nations.

References 

Political geography
Economic geography
Country classifications
The Thirty Years' War was fought from 1618 to 1648. It was fought primarily in Germany, but several other countries became involved in the conflict, including France, Spain, and Sweden. In fact, almost all of the powerful countries in Europe were involved in the war, which began as a fight about religion between Protestants and Catholics. As the war continued, the Catholic Habsburg dynasty and other countries used the war to try to get more power. For example, Catholic France fought for the Protestants, which made the French-Habsburg rivalry even worse.

The Thirty Years' War caused things like famine and disease in almost every country involved. The war lasted for 30 years, but the problems that had caused the war were not fixed for a long time after the war had been over. The war ended with the Treaty of Westphalia.

Causes 
There were several reasons that the Thirty Years' War started.
Firstly, the Peace of Augsburg (1555), which was signed quickly by Charles V, stopped the fighting between the Lutherans and the Catholics in Germany.

The Peace of Augsburg stated:
 The 225 German princes would choose the religion (whether they were Lutheran or Catholic) in their states (cuius regio eius religio).
 Lutherans who lived in a state under the control of a bishop, called an ecclesiastical state, could stay Lutherans.
 Lutherans could keep the land that they had taken from the Catholic Church after the Peace of Passau (1552).
 The bishops of the Catholic Church who switched to Lutheranism had to give their lands back (reservatum ecclesiasticum).
 People that lived in a state that had chosen Lutheranism or Catholicism were not allowed to change their religion.
The Peace made the violence end somewhat, but it did not fix the real reason for the fighting. Both groups thought that the Peace meant different things. The Lutherans said it was only an agreement that would last for a short time. Calvinism came quickly into German as a third Christian group in Germany, but it was not part of the Peace of Augsburg. That meant that Calvinists fought both Lutherans and Catholics. 

Secondly, the powerful countries in Europe in the 17th century often disagreed about matters of politics or economics. Spain wanted land in some of the Holy Roman Empire states in what is now Germany because the empire owned some of the Spanish Netherlands. The Dutch fought the Spanish to get independence and got it after some wars, which ended in 1609.
 France was afraid having two Habsburg states on its borders (Spain and the Holy Roman Empire). France wanted to show its power to the weak German states.
 Sweden and Denmark wanted to control the German states in the north next to the Baltic Sea.
Thirdly, the Holy Roman Empire was a broken group of nations inside a large empire, which had nations like the Austrian House of Habsburg, Bavaria, the Electorate of Saxony, the Margravate of Brandenburg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Hesse, the Archbishopric of Trier and Württemberg and other small nations and towns. Only Austria was capable of operating on its own. Countries often made alliances with other places ruled by relatives. Because there were so many nations inside the empire, they often disagreed with one another, and the empire could not control the whole territory very well. That meant that the empire could not fix the problems in the whole country.
Fourthly, religious groups did not agree during the second half of the 16th century. The Peace of Augsburg did not work because some bishops had not given up their bishoprics, and Catholic rulers in Spain and Eastern Europe wanted to make Catholicism strong in the region, which caused fighting between the groups. The Catholics made many Protestants leave their homelands. Some places gave Protestants permission to worship. Those disagreements caused violence.

Fifthly, Holy Roman Emperor Matthias, a Catholic, died without any children to take his place in 1619. His lands were given to his cousin Ferdinand of Styria, Matthias's closest male relative, who became Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand had been educated by the Jesuits. A Catholic, he wanted to make Catholicism the only religion again. That made him unpopular in the German state of Bohemia since most people there were not Catholics but Hussites. The Bohemians rejected Ferdinand and launched the Thirty Years' War.
The war can be divided into four major phases: the Bohemian Revolt, the Danish intervention, the Swedish intervention, and the French intervention.

Bohemian Revolt 
Time: 1618–1625

Emperor Mattias, who had no children, wanted to give the throne of the Holy Roman Empire to Ferdinand II when he died. To ensure that the transition would work, he wanted to make Ferdinand the Crown Prince of Bohemia, a country that was part of the Holy Roman Empire, in the meantime. Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia thought that Ferdinand would take away their religious rights. They liked the Protestant Frederick V, Elector of the Palatinate better. However, some of the other Protestants supported Ferdinand. Enough people preferred Ferdinand that in 1617, he was elected to become the Crown Prince of Bohemia.
Ferdinand sent two Catholic governors to Prague, the capital of Bohemia, in May 1618. Ferdinand wanted them to run the government while he was gone. Suddenly, many angry Protestants took them and threw them out of the high palace window. The Defenestration of Prague), that made the Catholics angry with the Protestants.

The Protestants who had thrown the Catholics out the window created a new Protestant government in Bohemia. Many Protestants in Bohemia and the nearby countries started hating the rest of the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire wanted to stop them from doing so, to fight Bohemia, and borrow Spain's money. However, they thought that if that happened, Bohemia's Protestant friends might come in and start fighting them. That made them try to make an agreement with Bohemia to stop the fighting. However, when Emperor Matthias died in 1619, Bohemia decided not to make the agreement because they thought the Holy Roman government was weak now.
Bohemia was so angry about the Catholics it they decided to not make Ferdinand II the king of Bohemia anymore and but made Frederick V the king instead. However, because Matthias was dead and so Ferdinand was the next person waiting to be the emperor, Ferdinand was in charge of the whole Holy Roman Empire now. Some people also thought Frederick should not be allowed to be king of Bohemia. All of that made the Holy Roman Emperor decide to fight Bohemia.

A large army got money from Maximilian I was led by Count Tilly invaded Bohemia. At the Battle of White Mountain, the Holy Roman Empire beat the Bohemian rebels. Frederick ran away. and the revolt collapsed.
Frederick was also in charge of a German nation called the Palatinate. Maximilian I, who was in charge of a nearby nation, Bavaria, wanted more power and decided to take over some of the Palatinate. Spain, a Catholic country,. joined the war to help Maximilian, who was disliked in the Netherlands. Other countries now became involved in this war. After some fighting, Maximilian and Spain won, and Emperor Ferdinand decided that all of the Palatinate should go to Maximilian. That made some of the other Protestant nations very scared because that meant that Protestant areas were being taken over by Catholics.

Related pages
Battle of White Mountain

17th century in Europe
 
Wars involving England
Wars involving France
Database normalisation is an approach to designing databases which was introduced by Edgar F. Codd in the 1970s. Certain databases, known as relational databases, allow data to be stored in separate groups. Each group is commonly called a table.  To provide useful information, these groups are connected to each other. For example, students could be stored in one group, and classes in another group. To show that a student is enrolled in a class, a "relationship" is established from one group to the other. A student could have a relationship to many classes, each of which he or she would be enrolled in, while a class would have a relationship to many students.
A traditional alternative is the "flat file database", where all of the data is grouped together like in a spreadsheet. The problem with flat file databases is that they can have a lot of blank spaces and there is a lot of information that has to be repeated for each entry. This means that the database is bigger than it has to be, and it makes it more likely that the database will contain mistakes. Relational databases, by breaking the data into groups, reduce the chance of mistakes happening and does not take up any more space than necessary. But for it to work it needs to be well designed. 

Database normalization is a method of designing good relational databases, e.g. by eliminating redundancies. There are several "normal forms", each of which have rules which the database should be designed to meet. Codd originally specified three sets of criteria that different databases must meet: first, second and third normal form.
If a relation (or "database table") meets a certain normal form, it is not vulnerable to certain modifications, that will affect data integrity. The drawback of meeting such a set of criteria is usually that querying certain data from the database will become more difficult.

 First normal form
 Second normal form
 Third normal form
 Fourth normal form
 Fifth normal form

References

Normalization
''For the clipboard in computers, see Clipboard (computing).

A clipboard is a thin board with a large (usually metal) clip at the top. Clipboards are a little larger than a piece of paper. They are used to support paper with one hand, while writing on the paper with the other hand. Clipboards are often used in situations where a person may not be able to find a good writing surface.

Clipboards can be made of many things. Most clipboards are made of masonite or particleboard, two types of wood. They can also be made from aluminum, steel, or acrylic, which is a type of plastic.

Police and EMT clipboards

Many police officers and EMTs carry clipboards. These clipboards are used very often and are usually made of metal. They often have one or two sections inside for carrying papers and reports.

Tools
Ugliness is a property of physical things that are not nice to look at. Something or someone who has ugliness is called ugly. This word is commonly used in when talking about human appearance. The opposite of ugliness is beauty. Someone who discriminates against ugly people is called a  lookist or cacophobe.

Ugliness can be a matter of opinion. Two people can look at the same object and one may think it is beautiful and the other may think it is ugly. This is shown in the popular phrase Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 

Although ugly usually means "a lack of physical beauty", the property of ugliness may also be used to describe other things such as music, literature, or human behavior. The word can also be used as an insult, even if the person does not think the person they are talking about is ugly.
Ugliness in popular culture
One of the most well-known examples of "ugly" in popular culture is the story The Ugly Duckling by Hans Christian Andersen. The moral of this story is that ugliness is a matter of opinion.
Movies with ugly in the title include Coyote Ugly (based on New York's Coyote Ugly Saloon), and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
Ugly dolls and troll dolls are unique because of their ugliness.
 The Star Trek episode "Is There in Truth No Beauty?" had an alien race called the Medusans, who were so ugly that any human who sees one without protection would be driven insane.
 Ugly Betty is the name of a television series on ABC that started in 2006.

Related pages
Aesthetics

Characteristics
The word texture means: what things are made of and how they feel.  

Textures can be described as “rough”, “smooth”, “hard”, “soft”,  “liquid”, “solid”, “lumpy”, “gritty” etc.  The word “texture” is used for many different things.  It can even be used in abstract senses, e.g. for music and poetry.

Food

People like or dislike food because of its taste, but the texture of the food also plays a part in whether we like it or not. We enjoy the feel of it in our mouth. Food can be hard, soft, lumpy, gritty (e.g. a cake made with ground rice). Adding some lettuce to a cheese sandwich will change the texture of the sandwich: it makes it more crunchy.

Architecture

In architecture we often talk about “texture”.  This can mean: the things that the buildings are made of.  It can also mean: the general way it looks, e.g. whether everything is built close together or whether there is plenty of space.  This is an abstract use of the word, because it compares the way we see things to the way things feel.

Painting
Painting

Painters talk about the texture of paintings. This can be seen clearly in pointillism which is a way of painting by using lots of little dots. This gives the painting a very interesting texture.

Music

In music, we can talk about the texture of a piece of music.  If there are a lot of notes being played at once, we could call this a “thick” texture.  If there are just two or three notes being played so that every note can be heard clearly, we could call this a “thin” or “clear” texture.  Music may have a “polyphonic” texture or a “chordal” texture.  The word “texture”, this time, is being used to describe something we hear instead of something we feel.

Vocabulary
Sensory system
Microsoft Outlook Express, also known as Microsoft Internet Mail and News, is an email program and newsreader program made by Microsoft. It is a free version of Outlook, also made by Microsoft. Microsoft's Outlook Express was discontinued in 2006 with the release of its new operating system, Windows Vista, which has Windows Mail instead.

Problems
Outlook Express needs a database to work, sometimes this database gets damaged when there are too many emails or when the database gets compacted. Compaction is needed when its size gets too large to handle well. Also, sometimes emails or attachments are infected with viruses.
Other websites
Moving emails from Outlook Express to Windows 8.1 - Microsoft, the company that created Outlook Express, tells how to move your old emails to a new version of Windows
Outlook Express Help - Tips and Tricks - How to use Outlook Express
 UnDBX  online -  an open-source program that lets you save easily emails from a damaged database. The very complicated source code is at sourceforge.net

Microsoft software
E-mail
Michael Spinks (born on July 13, 1956) is a retired American boxer. He was the light heavyweight and heavyweight champion of the world. 

Spinks was a member of the 1976 United States Olympics team and won a gold medal in the boxing competition. He became a professional boxer in 1977 and won the light heavyweight championship in 1981. In 1985 he fought heavyweight champion Larry Holmes and beat him for the title. It was the first time a light heavyweight champion had become heavyweight champion. He beat Holmes again in a rematch and defended his title another two times before losing to Mike Tyson in 1988. He never fought again.

Michael Spinks is the brother of heavyweight champion Leon Spinks.

References

Other websites
Boxing Record

American boxers
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
1956 births
Living people
Goodbye is a word used to express good wishes when parting. It may originate from the phrase "God be with you".

Goodbye can also mean:
Music
Goodbye (Cream album), an album by Cream
Goodbye (Ben & Jason album), an album by Ben & Jason
Goodbye (Dubstar album), an album by Dubstar
Goodbye (Ulrich Schnauss album), an upcoming album by Ulrich Schnauss
"Goodbye", a song written by Lennon-McCartney in 1968 and recorded by Mary Hopkin on the Apple Records label
"Goodbye" (Elton John song), a song written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin
"Goodbye" (Spice Girls song), a 1998 single by Spice Girls
"Goodbye", a 2002 song by Mudvayne from their album The End of All Things to Come
"Goodbye?", a 2005 song by Grandaddy
"Goodbye" (Def Leppard song), a single by Def Leppard
"Goodbye", a song by Gravity Kills from their album Gravity Kills
"Good Bye", a song by Japanese musician hide from the album Psyence
"Goodbye", a song by Night Ranger from their 1985 album Seven Wishes
"Goodbye" (Tevin Campbell song), a 1992 single by Tevin Campbell
"Goodbye" (The Corrs song), a 2006 single by The Corrs
"Goodbye", a 2006 single by Army of Anyone from their album Army of Anyone
"Goodbye" (Everlife song), a 2007 single by Everlife
"Goodbye" (Eurovision song), the Bosnian and Herzegovinian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997, performed by Alma Čardžić.
A candy cane is a hard cane-shaped candy stick. It is usually white with red stripes and tastes like peppermint. It is also made in many other flavors and colors.  The candy cane is a traditional candy of the Christmas holiday in the United States, but you can find them during the rest of the year. It is a symbolic figure in the Christmas season.

In the 17th century, white sticks of candy were popular, but they were not colorful. According to legend, a choir leader in Germany asked the people that made the candy to bend the sticks so that they looked like shepherd's staffs. He then gave the candy canes to the children to keep them quiet during church services. The colors are also said to be symbolic. The white part represents purity, and the red represents the blood of Jesus.

References 

Candy
Christmas
Leon Spinks (July 11, 1953 – February 5, 2021) was an American boxer. He won the world heavyweight championship. He won a gold medal in the 1976 Olympics in the boxing category. He became a professional boxer. In his eighth bout, he won the heavyweight championship from Muhammad Ali. In his first defense, he lost the title back to Ali. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

Spinks continued boxing with little success after that. He fought Larry Holmes for the heavyweight title in 1981, but lost. He also fought for the cruiserweight championship, but he lost that fight, too. He stopped fighting in 1995.

He ws the brother of boxer Michael Spinks and the father of boxer Cory Spinks.

In December 2019, Spinks was hospitalized in Las Vegas after his prostate cancer spread to his bladder. He died on February 5, 2021 from the disease in Henderson, Nevada at the age of 67.

References

Other websites

 Boxing Record
Boxing Record

1953 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
American boxers
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri