Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A crystal radio, sometimes called a crystal set, is a very simple AM (or rarely FM) radio receiver, that does not need batteries to work. A long wire antenna gathers enough of the radio signals from nearby transmitters to power a crystal diode, which demodulates the signals, and plays them as sound through an earphone or small headset. 

Crystal radios have come and gone many times in history. They were built in the early days of radio broadcasting by amateurs, and people who could not afford a well-made radio. They became popular again during the Great Depression, when money was scarce. During World War II, American soldiers built "foxhole radios" that used a razor blade and pencil point instead of a crystal. (German and Italian troops had equipment to detect normal superheterodyne radio receivers working, so an alternate choice was a wise one.)
After the war ended, amateurs built more crystal sets, and children began to make them as science and hobby projects. Later during the Vietnam War prisoners of war again built simple radios, and soldiers used Slinky springs as antennas.

Hobby clubs still exist, that give information to persons who want to build a crystal radio or similar radio project.

Other websites 
 Stay Tuned
 Xtal Set Society 
 Foxhole Radio article at Bizarre Stuff 

Radio receivers
Hobbies
The Bengali Language Movement (also called the Language Movement) were protests by people living in Bangladesh, which was part of Pakistan during that time. The people living in Bangladesh  started protesting because they did not like that the government of Pakistan made Urdu the official language, which they did not speak. The government responded to the protests by making meetings outside illegally . At the height of the movement on 21 February 1952, police killed students that were protesting. The Shaheed Minar was a monument built to honor these students.

Bengali did become an official language on 29 February 1956. This day is celebrated by Bangladesh as Language Movement Day.

History of Pakistan
Languages of Bangladesh
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a rally held on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. on 28 August 1963. It was where Martin Luther King, Jr gave his famous I Have a Dream speech. After the march, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the National Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed. There were over 200,000 people there, both black and white.

Organization and planning 
The march was first planned by A. Philip Randolph, who was the president of the Negro American Labor Council, and vice president of the AFL-CIO. He had planned another civil rights march in 1941, but it never happened. However, the threat of the march was a big reason why President Roosevelt wrote Executive Order 8802. This forced equal opportunity in the defense industry, which meant that all workers had to be treated the same, no matter what their race was.
Other leaders of civil rights movement helped Randolph plan the march and spread the word to their members. Some of the most important were James Farmer, (president of the Congress of Racial Equality), John Lewis (president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Martin Luther King, Jr. (president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference), Roy Wilkins (president of the NAACP), and Whitney Young (president of the National Urban League)..

Protection 
Many people were worried for the marchers' safety.  Black nationalist leader Malcolm X sent an open telegram to George Lincoln Rockwell, the leader of the Nazi Party in the United States.  Malcolm wrote:

The Washington DC Police department looked for black police officers from around the country to protect King during the march and speeches. They thought the presence of black officers would be more calming if trouble broke out.

References

Other websites 
 Official program for the March on Washington
 Witnesses to History, 50 Years Later
1960s in Washington, D.C.
Martin Luther King Jr.
1963 in the United States
August events
Dolls are models of human beings, usually toys.

Dolls could also mean:

 Dolls (2006 movie) - short British movie directed by Susan Luciani
Dolls (movie), a 2002 movie by Takeshi Kitano
Dolls (1987 movie), a 1987 movie directed by Stuart Gordon
Dolls (Kawahara), a manga series by Yumiko Kawahara
Dolls (naked ape), a manga series by Naked Ape
Dollz, pixel art of dolls dressed in various outfits
Dolls (Street Fighter), video game characters in the Street Fighter series
"Dolls", a song by Ayumi Hamasaki on the album Rainbow
Colloquially, to any of the following bands:
New York Dolls
Pussycat Dolls

The Dolls could mean:
Le bambole (translated: The Dolls), a 1965 Italian movie 
The Dolls, a working name for Destiny's Child before they settled on their current name
 The Dresden Dolls A Dark Cabaret band based in Boston

Related pages
Doll
A doll is a child's toy that looks like a baby or other human being. Dolls have been around since the beginning of human civilization, and have been made from many different types of materials, like stone, clay, wood, bone, cloth and paper, to porcelain, china, rubber and plastic.

While dolls are usually for children, they are also collected by adults, for remembering things from the past, their beauty, their historical importance or their financial value (being worth money). In ancient times, dolls were used as symbols of a deity (god), and played an important role in religious ceremonies and rituals.
Theodore Robert Rufus Long (born September 15, 1947) is an American former professional wrestling referee and manager. He is best known for his long time with the WWE where he served as the General Manager of SmackDown! and ECW.

Career
Long started out as an errand boy for wrestlers Tommy Rich and Abdullah the Butcher. He eventually became a member of the ringcrew and was promoted to referee in the NWA's Jim Crockett Promotions in 1985 as Teddy Long. In 1989, Long began a heel turn when he started to bend the rules for the heels. At the Chi-Town Rumble event, Teddy Long ran in and counted three, making Ricky Steamboat the NWA World Champion. On April 2, 1989 at the Clash of Champions in New Orleans, Long blatantly made a fast count allowing Mike Rotunda & "Dr. Death" Steve Williams to defeat the Road Warriors for the NWA World Tag Team Championship. After this match, the National Wrestling Alliance relieved Long of his refereeing duties.  This was actually a story lifted from Championship Wrestling from Florida, where Teddy had been a referee and did several heel-decisions in the ring, including one for Ron Simmons over Sweet Brown Sugar.  Teddy was fired as a referee and became a talent scout/manager.
Long became the manager of "Doom" (Ron Simmons and Butch Reed) and led them to the World Tag Team Titles. He also managed Chris Jericho, Johnny B. Badd, One Man Gang, Norman the Lunatic, "The Skyscrapers" (Sid Vicious, Dan Spivey & Mark Callaway), Marcus Bagwell, 2 Cold Scorpio, Joey Maggs, Craig Pittman, Jim Powers, Bobby Walker, Ice Train and Bobby Eaton while in Jim Crockett Promotions and WCW.

World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment 
Long performed as a referee in WWF from the late 1990s until September 2002, when he was taken off the road.
He was re-packaged as a manager and perhaps his most notable managing stint in this period came when managing D'Lo Brown, Rodney Mack, Christopher Nowinski, Rosey, Mark Henry and Jazz at different times, telling fans to get "Down wit' da Brown" and to "Back da Mack." He played a stereotypical "held-down" minority, using ebonics (such as, "Don't be drinkin' that Hate-orade." and "You know I'd look good on the dolla dolla bill.") His stable would be referred to by fans as "Thuggin' & Buggin' Enterprises."  When he was drafted to SmackDown!, he managed his second white wrestler, Mark Jindrak.
After Kurt Angle was fired from the General Manager position in July 2004, Long became the new and first African-American General Manager of SmackDown!. Unlike other WWE managers, such as Eric Bischoff and Mr. McMahon, his new position saw him as a face, giving the fans what they wanted and making matches that put heels at disadvantages, notably John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL). At first, he continued use of his "Hate-orade" talk, but less aggressively, and with humor. One example was when he stripped Booker T of the US Championship for "drinkin' Hate-orade." 

As part of the RAW vs. SmackDown! feud, Long defeated then RAW GM Eric Bischoff at Survivor Series 2005 with the help of The Boogeyman.
However, Theodore Long still had problems with Booker T and his defense of the United States title. Booker T attempted to get out of title defenses on a number of occasions by pretending to be injured, and having other wrestlers fight on his behalf. Eventually, Long got tired of these shenanigans, and at No Way Out 2006, Booker was told to face Chris Benoit or be stripped of the US title. Benoit won the match and was congratulated by Theodore Long. 

After Randy Orton had cheated to obtain Rey Mysterio's title shot at WrestleMania 22, Long placed Mysterio back in the match and made it a Triple Threat Match, at the same time warning Orton that he could still remove Orton from the match if he disobeyed Long.

At Judgment Day 2006 Long fired Melina & Johnny Nitro from SmackDown!. On the following SmackDown!, JBL suffered the same fate after losing the United States Championship to Bobby Lashley, and then losing a World Heavyweight Championship to Rey Mysterio in his Judgment Day rematch.
On the September 4, 2006 episode of RAW, Long appeared to a tremendous ovation in his hometown. During a six-person, intergender tag match between Randy Orton, Edge, and Lita against Trish Stratus, Carlito, and John Cena, some fans chanted Theodore's name.
In April 2007, Long became the on-screen boyfriend of Kristal, after weeks flirting with each other backstage. Long then began to look for an assistant so he could spend more time with Kristal, eventually revealing Vickie Guerrero as his new assistant on May 25, 2007, an appointment made partly at Kristal's request. On the June 22, 2007 episode of SmackDown!, Long asked Kristal to marry him. Kristal ran out of the ring, crying, but later agreed to (kayfabe) marry him. On the July 27, 2007 edition of Smackdown!, Ron Simmons was named the best man for "Theodore Rufus Long" and Kristal's wedding on the September 21, 2007 edition of SmackDown! emanating from Long's hometown of Atlanta, Georgia. However, the wedding was not completed due to constant disruptions and Long  having a (kayfabe) heart attack just as he started to say "I do". He then fell in to a (kayfabe) coma
. Long returned on the November 30, 2007 edition of SmackDown! as the Assistant General Manager and made a match at Armageddon for the World Heavyweight Championship In September 2007, Long was demoted from General Manager of SmackDown!, to Assistant General Manager, while Vickie Guerrero moved into the General Manager position by Mr. McMahon stating "The Show must go on". On May 16, 2008, Long quit his role of Assistant General Manager after months of abuse by GM Guerrero who treated Teddy "as a personal servant rather than the Assistant General Manager of SmackDown!" in Teddy's words. On the June 3, 2008 edition of ECW, it was announced that Long had become the new General Manager of the ECW brand by order of the WWE Board of Directors.
On June 12, 2014, Long was released from his WWE contract.

In wrestling

Wrestlers managed 
 Doom (Ron Simmons and Butch Reed)
 Chris Jericho
 Johnny B. Badd
 One Man Gang
 Norman the Lunatic
 Sid Vicious
 Dan Spivey
 "Mean" Mark Callous (The Undertaker)
 Marcus Bagwell
 2 Cold Scorpio
 Joey Maggs
 Craig Pittman
 Jim Powers
 "Hardwork" Bobby Walker
 Ice Train
 Bobby Eaton
 D'Lo Brown
 Rodney Mack
 Jazz
 Christopher Nowinski
 Mark Henry
 Rosey
 Mark Jindrak

Nicknames 
 Teddy
 T. Lo (given to him by Tazz and John Cena)
 Thaddeus (formal name given to him by King Booker)

Matches 
When Long became General Manager, he revived old and made new match types:
At No Mercy 2004, he put JBL and The Undertaker in a Last Ride Match. The rules are similar to a Casket Match and an Ambulance Match where one opponent must put the other into the back of the hearse and drive out the arena. JBL won the first Last Ride Match due to interference by Heidenreich. At Armageddon 2006, The Undertaker defeated Mr. Kennedy in the second Last Ride Match.

 At No Way Out 2005, JBL had to defend his title against Big Show in the first ever Barbed Wire Steel Cage Match. The rules were the same as a normal steel cage match, but the top of the cage had barbed wire around it so nobody could escape (despite the fact that a victory could still be declared if a competitor managed to escape). This was done by Long to make sure there was no interference from any superstars, primarily JBL's stable, The Cabinet. JBL won the match when Big Show chokeslammed him through the ring, allowing him to escape underneath.
Long also brought back the King of the Ring tournament in 2006, although it was a SmackDown!-exclusive event.

 At Armageddon 2006, Long brought back the Inferno match, where Kane defeated MVP.

Personal life 

Long is married to Stephanie Keller and together they have three children together and six grandchildren. The two have been married since 1982.

Reference List

Other websites 
WWE Profile

1955 births
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Birmingham, Alabama
The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a fierce cat that lives in forests, swamps, mountains, prairie, and deserts in much parts of North America. Bobcats are generally nocturnal (most active at night), but are most active at dawn and dusk. They spend the day in their den (a cave, hollow log or rock crevice). They are very good climbers and swimmers. Bobcats usually live from 10 to 14 years. Bobcats and lynxes are closely related.

Description 
The Bobcat has powerful jaws and long, pointed canine teeth. It has sharp, retractable claws, big short ears, and a spotted coat. Many bobcats have long tufts of hair at the tip of the ears that improve the cat's hearing. The brown eyes have round pupils. These graceful cats are from 24 to 40 inches (60–100 cm) long (including the tail). The stubby tail is only 4 to 7 inches (10–18 cm) long, and looks as though it was cut off (or bobbed). This is what this cat is named for. They are nocturnal (that means active at night) and elusive so they are rarely seen by humans.
Diet 
Bobcats are carnivores (meat-eaters). These fast, solitary hunters eat small mammals (like rabbits, hares, rodents, weasels and even deer), birds, fish, and eggs. Bobcats stalk their prey, and then pounce onto it. They can leap up to 10 feet (3 m). They can often kill their prey with one very powerful bite.

References 

Felines
Mammals of North America
An emergency medical technician (EMT) is someone who works on an ambulance and takes care of sick and hurt people. EMTs used to be called "ambulance drivers," since much of their work is bringing people to an emergency room. Their other main duty is first aid including:
 Doing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and give electric shocks to a person's chest if their heart is beating in a way that could kill them
 Giving oxygen (or force oxygen into a person's lungs) if they stop breathing or are not breathing well enough to survive
 Inserting a breathing tube down someone's windpipe to help them breathe better. 
 Stopping hemorrhaging (bleeding so bad that it will kill a person if not stopped)
 Treating burns 
 Treat very bad physical trauma (injuries)
 Helping people who are pregnant give birth
 Treating broken bones, dislocated joints, sprains, and wounds
In the United States 
In the United States, each state decides what their EMTs can do. EMTs in every state are allowed to perform first aid. Each state has different rules for exactly what their EMTs can do. These rules are called treatment protocols. For example:
 In Massachusetts, EMTs can give medicines to treat heart attacks, breathing emergencies (like asthma attacks), anaphylaxis, very low blood sugar, and overdoses on opiates like heroin and oxycodone.
 In New Hampshire, EMTs are allowed to place a rescue airway in a patient who cannot breathe.  This means they will place a tube down the patient's throat, then force oxygen into the lungs through the tube.

Related pages 
 Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom

References

Other websites 
National EMS Memorial Service 

Healthcare occupations
Kuru is a disease caused by cannibalism, formerly thought to be caused by specifically eating human brains, but is actually caused by eating any human meat. It is also known as the "laughing sickness" due to the pathologic bursts of laughter that the patient displays.

Kuru was found in Papua New Guinea, among members of the Fore tribe. The word kuru means "trembling with fear" in the Fore language.

References 

Infectious diseases
Cannibalism
Kuru is a former municipality in the Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 2005, there were 2,774 people living in Kuru.
Tampere is 50 km to the south.

Most of the Seitseminen National Park is in the municipality of Kuru. 

In 2009, it is part of the town of Ylöjärvi.

Other websites 
Parkkuun kylä

Towns in Finland
Former municipalities of Finland
It Is Well with My Soul

When peace like a river, attendeth my way,
When sorrows like sea billows roll;
Whatever my lot, Thou hast taught me to say,
It is well, it is well, with my soul.

Refrain:
It is well, with my soul,
It is well, with my soul,
It is well, it is well, with my soul.

Though Satan should buffet, though trials should come,
Let this blest assurance control,
That Christ has regarded my helpless estate,
And hath shed His own blood for my soul.

My sin, oh, the bliss of this glorious thought!
My sin, not in part but the whole,
Is nailed to the cross, and I bear it no more,
Praise the Lord, praise the Lord, O my soul!

And Lord, haste the day when my faith shall be sight,
The clouds be rolled back as a scroll;
The trump shall resound, and the Lord shall descend,
Even so, it is well with my soul.

Horatio Spafford
Horatio Spafford

"It Is Well With My Soul" is a hymn written by hymn-writer Horatio Spafford and composed by Philip Bliss. Spafford wrote the song right after his four daughters died by the sinking of the S.S. Ville Du Havre.

Other websites 
The original Hymn written by Horatio Spafford

Christian hymns
Jackson Township is a township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States.  The Township of Jackson was named after Andrew Jackson.  About 43,000 people lived there as of the year 2002.

References

Other websites
Jackson Township website
Jackson Township Police 
Jackson Township Fire Co #1
Jackson Township First Aid Squad
Cassville Fire Co
Jackson Mills Fire Co 
Whitesville Fire Company 
Jackson School District 

School Data for the Jackson School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Jackson Branch of Ocean County Library
Map of Jackson, NJ
Jackson, NJ Community Pages

Townships in New Jersey
Ocean County, New Jersey
Jackson may refer to:

Name 
 Jackson (name)

Place names

Australia 
 Jackson, Queensland

United States 
 Jackson, Alabama
 Jackson, California
 Jackson, Georgia
 Jackson, Kentucky
 Jackson, Louisiana
 Jackson, Maine
 Jackson, Michigan
 Jackson, Minnesota
 Jackson, Mississippi
 Jackson, Missouri
 Jackson, Nebraska
 Jackson, New Hampshire
 Jackson, New Jersey
 Jackson, New York
 Jackson, North Carolina
 Jackson, Ohio
 Jackson, Rhode Island
 Jackson, South Carolina
 Jackson, Tennessee
 Jackson, Wisconsin (disambiguation)
 Jackson, Wyoming

Train stations 
 Jackson (Amtrak station disambiguation)
 Jackson (CTA disambiguation), Chicago Transit Authority stations

Others 

 "Jackson" (song), about hot times in the city
 United States twenty-dollar bill, nicknamed for Andrew Jackson, who appears on the obverse side

Related pages 
 Jackson Guitars
 Jackson Structured Programming
 The Jackson Twins, a comic strip
Geography:
 Cities, towns and villages:
 Jackson Center, Ohio
 Jackson Center, Pennsylvania
 Jackson Junction, Iowa
 Lake Jackson, Texas
 Mount Jackson, Virginia
 Other geography:
 Jackson metropolitan area, of Jackson, Mississippi
 Jackson Township (disambiguation)
 Jackson County (disambiguation)
 Jackson Parish, Louisiana
Jackson is a common patronymic family name in English speaking countries, meaning "son of Jack". The pronunciation of the name is [ jak-suhn ]. It is less common as a given name. This name was ranked #14 on the US Popular Names in 2021. People with the name Jackson include:

Surname

U.S. politics and law
Alphonso Jackson, 13th U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Andrew Jackson, 7th U.S. President
Frank G. Jackson, 57th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio
Henry M. Jackson (1912-1983), U.S. Representative and Senator 
Jabez Young Jackson, U.S. Representative from Georgia
James Jackson (politician) (1757-1806), U.S. Representative and Senator from Georgia
James Jackson (congressman) (1819-1887), U.S. Representative from Georgia
James M. Jackson (1825-1901), U.S. Representative from West Virginia
James S. Jackson (1823-1862), U.S. Representative from Kentucky and Union Army General in the U.S. Civil War
Jesse Jackson (born 1941), civil rights leader
Jesse L. Jackson, Jr., son of Jesse Jackson and U.S. Representative from Illinois
John G. Jackson (1777-1825), U.S. Representative from Virginia
Jonathan Jackson (delegate) (1743-1810), delegate to the Continental Congress from Massachusetts
Joseph W. Jackson (1796-1854), U.S. Representative from Georgia and mayor of Savannah, Georgia
Linda Jackson, mayor of Vaughan, Ontario
Lorna Jackson, mayor of Vaughan, Ontario
Maynard H. Jackson (1938-2003), mayor of Atlanta, Georgia
Oscar Lawrence Jackson (1840-1920), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
Rebecca Cox Jackson (1795-1871), free African-American during the Civil War, noted in the Norton Anthology of Literature by Women
Richard Jackson, Jr. (1764-1838), U.S. Representative from Rhode Island
Robert H. Jackson (1892-1954), Supreme Court Justice and chief American Nuremberg Trials prosecutor
Samuel D. Jackson (1895-1951), U.S. Representative from Indiana
Sheila Jackson-Lee, U.S. Congresswoman from Texas 
Thomas B. Jackson (1797-1881), U.S. Representative from New York
Tom Jackson (trade unionist)
William Jackson (1783-1855), U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
William Humphreys Jackson (1839-1915), U.S. Representative from Maryland
William P. Jackson (1868-1939), U.S. Senator from Maryland
William Terry Jackson (1794-1882), U.S. Representative from New York
Military
 Arthur J. Jackson (born 1924), U.S. Marine Corps officer, Medal of Honor recipient for actions during World War II
 Mike Jackson (born 1944), British Army Chief of the General Staff
 Norman Cyril Jackson (1919–1994), British RAF, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 Stonewall Jackson (1824–1863), Confederate general
 Thomas Norman Jackson (1897–1918), British Army, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 William Jackson (Victoria Cross) (1897–1959), Australian Army, recipient of the Victoria Cross

Drama and television
Bill Jackson, U.S. TV personality
Conn Jackson, TV host
Glenda Jackson, two-time Academy Award-winning British actress
Gordon Jackson (actor) (1923-1980), British actor
Joshua Jackson, Canadian-American actor
Kate Jackson, U.S. actress
Keith Jackson, U.S. ABC sportscaster
Peter Jackson, New Zealand director
Randy Jackson, American Idol judge
Samuel L. Jackson, U.S. actor
Shar Jackson, U.S. TV and movie actress
Music
 Alan Jackson Jr, drummer
Alan Jackson, country star
Anthony Jackson, bass player
Curtis Jackson, also known as 50 Cent
Francis Jackson, British composer and organist
Freddie Jackson
Jackie Jackson
Janet Jackson, U.S R&B singer
Jermaine Jackson
Joe Jackson (musician), British singer/songwriter
Joseph Jackson
Kate Jackson (singer)
Katherine Jackson
La Toya Jackson
Mahalia Jackson, gospel singer
Marlon Jackson
Michael Jackson, American pop/soul singer-songwriter
Millie Jackson
Milt Jackson, U.S. jazz vibraphonist
Milton Jackson, music producer
O'Shea Jackson, Ice Cube
Randy Jackson (musician)
Rebbie Jackson
Tito Jackson, guitarist/vocalist of Jackson 5
Tony Jackson
Wanda Jackson
Sports
Andrew JC Jackson, World Champion Surf Lifesaver
Archie Jackson
Arthur Morris Jackson (1915-1971), NHL professional hockey player
Barry Jackson (athlete), English track and field athlete
Bo Jackson, football and baseball player
Bobby Jackson, American veteran NBA basketball reserve point guard and former college star at the University of Minnesota
Colin Jackson, English 110m hurdle athlete
Danny Jackson, American former All-Star Major League left-handed pitcher in the 1980s and 1990s
Darrell Jackson, U.S. football player
 Elphinstone Jackson (1868-1945), England footballer and co-founder of Indian Football Association in 1893
Ernest Jackson (1914-1996), English footballer
Francia Jackson, Dominican Republic volleyball player
Harold Jackson (football player) (born 1946), U.S. football player
Harvey "Busher" Jackson, deceased former Canadian hockey defenceman, and early star of the NHL in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, and now a member of The Hockey Hall of Fame
Jeff Jackson, Canadian former NHL hockey player and current Toronto Maple Leafs executive
Jermaine Jackson (basketball)
"Shoeless" Joe Jackson, baseball player
John David Jackson (boxer)
Keith Jackson, longtime American sportscaster on ABC
Keith Jackson, former NFL Pro Bowl tight end
Lauren Jackson, Australian professional basketball player
Les Jackson, English cricketer
Lucious Jackson, basketball player
Mark Jackson, former American football wide receiver in the 1980s and 1990s for Purdue in college and the Denver Broncos in the NFL
Mark Jackson, former American basketball point guard, starred in college for St. John's and in the NBA for the New York Knicks, Indiana Pacers, and other teams in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, and now an NBA analyst on television for ESPN.
Mike Jackson, American former longtime right-handed Major League relief pitcher in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s
Mike Knox Jackson, professional wrestler
Peter Jackson (rugby league), Australian rugby league player
Phil Jackson, basketball coach
Quinton Jackson, mixed martial arts fighter
Reggie Jackson, retired American baseball player, a star home run-hitting outfielder in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, most notably with the Oakland Athletics, the New York Yankees, and California Angels; a 1993 Hall of Fame inductee
Sam Jackson (19th century), English major league baseball player
Steve Jackson (rugby league footballer), Australian rugby league player
Sugar Jackson, Belgian boxer
Tarvaris Jackson (1983-2020), U.S. football player
Tommy "Hurricane" Jackson (1931-1982), a professional boxer 
Travis Jackson, deceased American baseball shortstop, best known for his defensive prowess, he was a star in the 1920s and 1930s for the New York Giants and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1982.
Trina Jackson, freestyle swimmer
Science
Charles Loring Jackson (1847-1935), U.S. organic chemist
Dunham Jackson (1888-1946), mathematician
Frank Cameron Jackson, Australian philosopher
J. D. Jackson, physicist
John Hughlings Jackson, neurologist
Julian T. Jackson, British historian
Michael A. Jackson, computer scientist
Shirley Ann Jackson, president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Wes Jackson, founder and president of The Land Institute
Other
André Action Diakité Jackson, African diamond industry administrator
Cindy Jackson, Guinness World Record holder for having the most cosmetic procedures
George Jackson (Black Panther)
Helen Hunt Jackson (1831-85), U.S. novelist and poetess 
Jennifer Jackson, first African-American Playmate of the Month, March 1965 Playboy
Jennifer Lyn Jackson, Playmate of the Month, April 1989 Playboy
Michael Jackson (disambiguation)
Patrick Tracy Jackson, Boston merchant
Samuel Macauley Jackson (1851-1912), American clergyman, editor and author
Steve Jackson (US), U.S. game designer
Thomas Graham Jackson (1835–1924), English architect

Fictional characters
Captain Jackson, South African policeman in Rafe McGregor's book trilogy Secret
Daniel Jackson, a character in the movie Stargate and the subsequent television series
Daniel Jackson, sniper in the movie Saving Private Ryan
Michael "Mike" Jackson, cricketer in P. G. Wodehouse's Psmith books
Sgt. Jericho Jackson, title character in the movie Action Jackson
Given name

People
Jackson Browne, U.S. singer
Jackson Davis, founder of charity organization "Protect A Paw"
Jackson Fourgeaud, musician from "Jackson and his computer band"
Jackson C. Frank, singer-songwriter
Jackson Kabiga, Kenyan long-distance runner
Jackson Pollock, U.S. abstract painter
Jackson Proskow, Canadian journalist

Fictional characters
Jackson Stewart, a character in the U.S. children television series Hannah Montana
Jackson Rippner, assassination plotter in the movie Red Eye
Jackson Belleville, a character in the U.S. television series Gilmore Girls

References

English-language surnames
Pistosaurus is a genus of marine sauropterygian reptiles. It is a Nothosaur, a relative of the plesiosaurs.

Pistosaurus was a advanced nothosaur-like body with a plesiosaur-like head. Is presently known only from the Middle Triassic. Even if it is a nothosaur it is acknowledged to be closely related to the ancestors of plesiosaurs.

The head also resembled that of a plesiosaur, but with the primitive palate of a nothosaur, and numerous, sharp teeth ideal for catching and eating fish.

Although it is unlikely that Pistosaurus was a direct ancestor of the plesiosaurs, the mixture of features suggests that it was closely related  to that group.

References 

Sauropterygia
A party is a social gathering for celebration and recreation. Some are to celebrate a special day, person, or event.

Related pages
Celebration
Festival
White Nights Festival
Spring Festival

Parties
The LNER Class A4 was a type of steam locomotive made in England in 1935. It was designed by Sir Nigel Gresley for the London North Eastern Railway. 35 locomotives were built in total. 

They were designed to be very fast and had a very sleek shape. One of them, 4468 "Mallard", is the fastest steam locomotive ever made. It set a world speed record of 126 mph (202.7 km/h) on July 3, 1938.

Six A4s still exist today. The rest were scrapped when steam stopped being used to power trains in Britain.

Sources

Other websites

 LNER Encyclopedia Page covering the history and development of the LNER A4 Pacifics

United Kingdom rolling stock‎
The Old Firm is the name given to the relationship between two football teams in Scotland, Rangers F.C. and Celtic F.C.

Head to head record 

1888-1999 statistics obtained from RSSSF. Remaining stats obtained from Soccerbase

History 

The Old Firm have a lot of history, possibly dating back to around 1888, Celtic's first match, which was against Rangers, when a newspaper report stated that both sets of players "got on so well that you would believe that they were old firm friends." However, William J. Murray states that the term comes from the commercial benefits of the two clubs' rivalry, which were viewed with distaste in some parts in the early days of the game

The two clubs are the most successful in Scotland, having won between them 63 Scottish Cups and 93 Scottish Premier League championships (as of 2007). The two clubs normally compete four times a year in the SPL and are regularly drawn against each other in the two Scottish cup competitions.
The clubs' have large support bases around Glasgow, but also have supporters clubs in most towns throughout Scotland and in many cities around the world. The presence of Rangers and Celtic has been estimated to be worth £120 million to the Scottish economy.

The two clubs' fan bases have historically been divided on religious lines. Celtic are supported by Catholics, while Rangers are supported by Protestants.

Players 
There have been many high profile players to play for both sides of the Old Firm. The most recent players to do so are Kenny Miller, Maurice Johnston, Steven Pressley, Mark Brown and Barry Robson. Kenny Miller is the first player in the modern era to cross the Old Firm divide twice, having played for Rangers then Celtic, then moving back to Rangers.

References 

Football in Scotland
Gretna Football Club is a former Scottish football club from Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway that was founded in 1946.

Despite being based in Scotland, the club played in English football between 1947 and 2002. The club was elected to the Scottish Football League at the third attempt in 2002. Under the ownership of businessman Brooks Mileson, who invested millions of pounds in what was a village team, the club went from the Third Division side to the Scottish Premier League (SPL) in less than five years.

While in the SPL, however, the club were placed in administration after Mileson withdrew his financial support. The club finished in the relegation position in the SPL. At the end of the season, all of the club's staff were made redundant and the club was initially relegated to the Third Division due to their inability to guarantee fulfilment of their 2008-09 fixtures.
After this demotion, the one remaining potential buyer withdrew their offer to buy the club. In the belief that Gretna has ceased to exist, they resigned their place in the Scottish Football League on June 3.

References

Scottish football clubs
1946 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Scotland
Labor might mean:
Labour (economics)
Labour (constituency), a constituency in Hong Kong
Labor Day, a holiday in Canada and the United States
Childbirth, the process of a mother about to give birth

Political parties
Australian Labor Party
Labour Party (UK), a British political party
Labour Party (Ireland)
Labour Party (Netherlands)
New Zealand Labour Party
Norwegian Labour Party

Related pages
Work (a disambiguation page)
The Labors of Herakles
Pillar is a Grammy-nominated Christian rock band from Tulsa, Oklahoma.  Pillar has used several genres, such as hard rock, rapcore, and alternative metal.

Discography

Albums
Metamorphosis (1999)
Original Superman (2000)
Above (2000)
Fireproof (2002)
Where Do We Go From Here (2004)
The Reckoning (2006)
For the Love of the Game (2008)
Confessions (2009)
One Love Revolution (2014)

Other websites
Official website

American rock bands
American heavy metal bands
American hard rock bands
Christian rock bands
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups from Oklahoma
In team sports, a captain is a title given to the member of the team who has to make choices about strategy and teamwork while a game is happening.

This is most important when a game's rules say that the coach of a team cannot tell the players what they should do while a game is being played.

In some sports, team captains may have to talk with game officials about the way the rules are applied.

Sports words
Team sports
RAR may refer to the following:

RAR, a proprietary file format for data compression and archiving for computers
Rarotonga International Airport
Remote Access Router
Rock Against Racism
Rock am Ring and Rock im Park, a German rock music festival
Royal Anglian Regiment, a unit of the British Army
Royal Australian Regiment, a unit of the Australian Army
Resource Adapter aRchive, a specific file format defined in the J2EE/Java EE Connector Architecture specifications
Romantic Air Recording Company, a record label
zip or ZIP may mean:

Zipper, a device used for temporarily joining two edges of fabric.
ZIP (file format), a file format for lossless data compression.
ZIP code, the system of postal codes used in the United States.
The ZIP file format is a popular lossless data compression and archival format created by Phil Katz, founder of PKWARE. A ZIP file contains one or more files that have been compressed, to reduce their file size, or stored as-is. A number of compression algorithms are permitted in zip files but in 2008 only DEFLATE is widely used and supported.

Usage
ZIP files generally use the file extensions ".zip" or ".ZIP" and the MIME media type application/zip. Some software uses the ZIP file format as a wrapper for a large number of small items in a specific structure. Generally when this is done a different file extension is used.

Computer file formats
Benjamin Todd Roethlisberger (born March 2, 1982, in Lima, Ohio), nicknamed Big Ben, is an American football quarterback. He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League.

Roethlisberger was the captain of his high school's football team, basketball team, and baseball team. He did not play football as a quarterback until his last year in high school.

Roethlisberger played college football for Miami University in Oxford. In 2003, Roethlisberger led his team to an unbeaten record, a Number 10 ranking in the Associated Press poll and a 49-28 victory over Louisville in the 2003 GMAC Bowl.

Roethlisberger was chosen by the Steelers in the 2004 NFL Draft. He earned the National Football League's "Rookie of the Year Award" in 2005.
On February 5, 2006, Roethlisberger became the youngest quarterback in NFL history to win a Super Bowl. He helped the Steelers to a 21-10 victory over the Seattle Seahawks in the fortieth Super Bowl. He was only 23 years old at the time. He played in his first Pro Bowl in 2007. Roethlisberger led the Steelers to a second Super Bowl title in four seasons as they defeated the Arizona Cardinals in Super Bowl XLIII, 27-23, after he made a game-winning touchdown pass to Santonio Holmes in the final 35 seconds.

On January 27, 2022, Roethlisberger announced that he was retiring from the NFL.

References 

1982 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Lima, Ohio
American bloggers
Bubble could mean:

Traditional bubbles 
 Liquid bubble, a globule of one substance encased in another, usually air in a liquid
 Soap bubble, a bubble formed by soapy water
 Antibubble, a droplet of liquid surrounded by a thin film of gas

Arts and Literature 
 Bubbles (painting), a painting by Sir John Everett Millais
 Bubbles Yablonsky, the protagonist in a series of mystery novels
 Dome, an architectural element representing the upper half of a sphere
 Speech bubble, a graphic convention used primarily in comics and cartoons
 Bubbles, a monkey in the Dragon Ball series

Economics 
 Bubble (economics), a situation where market prices are unsustainably high
 Dot-com bubble
 Real estate bubble
 Stock market bubble
 "South Sea Bubble"

Film 
 The Bubble (1966 film), a science fiction film
 Bubble Boy, a 2001 comedy film directed by Blair Hayes
 Bubble (film), a 2006 improvised thriller directed by Stephen Soderbergh
 The Bubble (2006 film), an Israeli drama about a gay romance
Food and Drink 
 Bubble and squeak, a traditional English vegetable dish
 Bubble tea, a Taiwanese beverage
 A colloquial term for sparkling wine, particularly champagne
 Bubble gum, a candy often used to chew and blow bubbles.

Television 
 Bubble, a character in the TV series Absolutely Fabulous
 Bubbles, a character in the animated TV series Jabberjaw
 Bubbles (The Powerpuff Girls)
 Bubbles (Trailer Park Boys character)
 Bubbles (The Wire)
 Bubbles the Clown, a doll used in a BBC test card
 Bubbles DeVere, a character in the TV series Little Britain
 Bubbles (The Adventures of Little Carp),an anthropomorphic fish from The Adventures of Little Carp.

Video games 
 Bubble Bobble
 Bubbles (video game)
 The main character in the video game Clu Clu Land
 An enemy in the Legend of Zelda video game series
People and animals 
 Bubble Eye, a variety of goldfish
 Bubbles (chimpanzee), a chimpanzee who lived with Michael Jackson
 Pamela Harmsworth, Viscountess Rothermere, an English socialite and actress
 William Milbourne James, the child model for the painting and soap advertisement Bubbles
 Beverly Sills, opera singer
Other meanings 
 Bubble (automobile), a special sedan also called a Hi-Riser
 Bubble (computing), an error in program execution
 Bubbles (band), a Swedish girl group
 Bubble Act, an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain requiring all joint-stock companies to have a Royal Charter
 Bubble chamber, a particle detector in physics
 Bubble wrap, a packaging material
 Westminster Bubble, a term used to describe isolation among United Kingdom government employees
 A symbol used in logic gate diagrams
 A term used in poker tournaments for the last finishing position before entering the payout structure (See Glossary of poker terms)
 Refers to a college basketball team that has a significant, but not assured, chance to be awarded an at-large bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship or NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship
Staphylococcus aureus (also S. aureus, from the Greek σταφυλόκοκκος, “grape-cluster berry”, Latin aureus, “golden”) is a Gram-positive, round shaped bacterium appearing in grape-like clusters, often living on the skin or in the nose of a person, as well as in the lower reproductive tract of women. It is anaerobic, which means that it can grow without an oxygen atmosphere. Although S. aureus lives as a normal inhabitant on the human body, it can become an opportunistic pathogen. This means that if people have a weakened immune system, they can become ill from S. aureus infections. It causes a variety of illnesses, from skin and joint infections to respiratory infections, and food poisoning. Some of the diseases caused can be life threatening, like meningitis, bacteremia and toxic shock syndrome. S. aureus is a very common cause of infection in hospitals.
S. aureus infections can spread through skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, contact with objects touched by an infected person, and through contact with pus from an infected wound. As symptoms begins to show, the patient is contagious for 2 weeks, with the illness lasting overall a few weeks. If untreated, the infection can be deadly. To avoid S. aureus infections, hygiene measures such as daily showers or baths and frequent hand washing with soap are advised.

Some strains of S. aureus have become increasingly resistant to antibiotic treatment, for example methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). No vaccine for S. aureus has been developed.
S. aureus was discovered in 1880 by a Scottish surgeon, Alexander Ogston. He called it Staphylococcus because of its round, grape-like appearance under a microscope. In 1884, Friedrich Julius Rosenbach identified the Staphylococcus aureus strain from a related bacterium. Before 1940, infections with this pathogen were fatal. However, as penicillin was developed, doctors found that it could cure S. aureus infections. By the end of the decade, S. aureus became widely resistant to penicillin.

The evolution of S. aureus enabled it to be carried in human hosts without causing infections, allowing it to be widespread among the population. There are many health factors that affect this, which may include age, sex, diabetes and smoking, alongside genetic variations. Therefore, whether strains of S. aureus become invasive depends on human factors.

References 

Gram-positive bacteria
The 1950–51 NHL season was the 34th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Montreal Canadiens four games to one for the Stanley Cup to win their fifth Cup in seven years.

Regular season

Final standings

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Leading Goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average

Stanley Cup Playoffs
All dates in 1951

The second ranked Toronto Maple Leafs eliminated the fourth ranked Boston Bruins in five games, and the third ranked Montreal Canadiens upset first overall Detroit Red Wings in six, setting up a Leafs – Canadiens Stanley Cup final series, won by the Leafs 4–1.

Playoff bracket

Semi-finals
Boston Bruins vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

1 Note: March 31st game called after one overtime due to curfew
Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 1

Montreal Canadiens vs. Detroit Red Wings
Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 2

Finals
 see 1951 Stanley Cup Finals

Montreal Canadiens vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 1

Playoff scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

NHL Awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1950–51 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Alex Delvecchio, Detroit Red Wings
Bernie Geoffrion, Montreal Canadiens
Jean Beliveau, Montreal Canadiens
Dollard St. Laurent, Montreal Canadiens
Danny Lewicki, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1950–51 (listed with their last team):
Joe Carveth, Detroit Red Wings
Glen Harmon, Montreal Canadiens
Wally Stanowski, New York Rangers
Pat Egan, New York Rangers
Buddy O'Connor, New York Rangers
Bill Barilko, Toronto Maple Leafs

References

Hockey Database
NHL.com
1950 in North America
1951 in North America
The seabed (also sea floor, seafloor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean. The ocean floor has been explored by submarines and to some extent scuba divers.  

Oceanography
A housing may mean an enclosure containing some equipment or mechanism. 

Housing means places to live, such as dwellings and houses.  In many countries governments will make rules about housing.  

Housing may be owned by the people who live in in - owner-occupiers.  They may have taken out debts - mortgage - to buy it.

It may be rented from a private landlord who owns it.

It may be public housing, owned or managed by the government.  This is usually affordable housing,  places to live that the average person can afford to purchase or rent

Tied housing means a house which goes with a job.

People who cannot live on their own may be put in residential accommodation.

Cities 
Housing in the centres of cities in many countries is becoming very expensive - so expensive that people with children cannot afford to live there.  

See also
 Homelessness
 Homeless shelter
 Right to housing
 Warming center

References

Housing
The Telling is a 2000 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin and is set in her fictional world called the Hainish Cycle. It tells the story of Sutty, an Earthling sent to be an Ekumen observer, on the planet Aka, and her experiences.

2000 books
Hainish Cycle
Nazi Germany started a strong anti-tobacco movement and led the first public anti-smoking campaign in modern history.  In 1940, German scientists found a link between smoking tobacco, and lung cancer. 

Anti-tobacco movements grew in many countries from the beginning of the 20th century. But all these had little success. The only exception was Germany where it was supported by the government after the Nazis came to power. It was the most powerful anti-smoking movement in the world in the 1930s and early 1940s. The Nazi leaders opposed smoking and some of them openly said what is wrong with tobacco consumption. Research on smoking and its effects on health got better under Nazi rule and was the most important of its type at that time. Adolf Hitler did not like tobacco and the Nazi reproductive policies were among the causes due to which the Nazis started their campaign against smoking. This campaign was linked with antisemitism and racism.
The Nazi anti-tobacco campaign used many methods like restrictions on smoking in public spaces, limiting tobacco advertising, restrictions on tobacco rations for women, restrictions on restaurants and coffeehouses, promoting health education, banning smoking in trams, buses and city trains, limiting cigarette rations in the Wehrmacht, organizing medical lectures for soldiers and increasing the tobacco tax. The anti-tobacco movement did not have much effect in the early years of the Nazi rule. Tobacco use increased between 1933 and 1939. But smoking by military personnel declined from 1939 to 1945. This anti-smoking campaign was more powerful and serious than the anti-tobacco movement in Germany at the beginning of the 21st century.

Prelude to Nazi anti-tobacco campaign