Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
He was born in Montpellier, Hérault. His father was an operatic tenor. Nourrit was almost 20 when he made his professional operatic debut in 1821 in Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride. In 1826, he succeeded his father as the principal tenor at the Paris Opéra. He held the position until 1836. He became a pupil of Rossini, and created all the principal tenor roles in Rossini's French operas. In time, he gained considerable power at the Opéra. He was consulted by composers and his approval was sought for works in progress. He was appointed to the Conservatoire de Paris in 1827. He wrote many libretti for ballets at the Opéra, and, in 1832, he wrote the libretto for La Sylphide, the seminal romantic ballet. In 1836, he went hoarse during a performance at the Opéra and thereafter turned to salon recitals, introducing Schubert's songs to the salon audiences. He studied in Naples with Donizetti and made his debut in that city in 1838.
Death
His physical and mental health declined and in 1839 he committed suicide. He was buried in Montmartre Cemetery with his wife, who only survived him by a few months, dying in childbirth.

References 
 Evan Walker/Sarah Hibberd, relevant entry from the New Grove Dictionary of Opera, edited by Stanley Sadie, London (1992),  and .
 Henry Pleasants, The Great Singers, Macmillan Publishers, London (1983 revised edition), .

19th-century French composers
Librettists
Musicians who committed suicide
French opera singers
1802 births
1839 deaths
Musicians from Montpellier
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery, Paris
Suicides in France
French tenors
Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri (17 August 178222 August 1868) was a 19th century French set designer. He was born in Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine, and died in Saint-Chéron, Essonne. Cicéri designed the scenery for the first performance of La belle au bois dormant which opened on 2 March 1825 at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique in Paris. He also designed the sets for a ballet version of Jocko ou le Singe du Brésil (Jocko or the Monkey of Brazil) by Frédéric-Auguste Blache with music by Alexandre Piccinni. The ballet was first performed at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in Paris on 16 March 1825. He designed the scenery for the first performance of the ballet Giselle in 1841. The ballet opened at the Opéra and was especially acclaimed for the setting of its second act. He was awarded a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur.

References

Other websites 
 

1782 births
1868 deaths
French designers
Set designers
People from Saint-Cloud
Jesse Manalastas Robredo (May 27, 1958 – August 18, 2012) was the Secretary of the Interior and Local Government of the Philippines. Robredo was a member of the Liberal Party.

Until his death in 2012, Robredo was married to Leni Gerona who is the 14th and current Vice President of the Philippines.

On July 9, 2010, President Benigno Aquino III named Robredo as Secretary of the Interior and Local Government. Robredo was a former Mayor of Naga City in Camarines Sur. He was the first Filipino Mayor to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Government Service in 2000.
On August 18, 2012 (PHT), the aircraft carrying Robredo crashed off Masbate bay. He was scheduled to attend a political event in Naga City. The Philippine Department of Interior and Local Government said that the pilot sent a distress call to the Masbate airport. The pilot was requesting an emergency landing. The plane never made it to the airport and crashed in the ocean. His body was retrieved three days later, August 21, 800 meters from the shore and 180 feet below sea level.

References

Other websites 
 DILG Regional Office No. 5 
 City Mayors profile

1958 births
2012 deaths
Aviation deaths
Filipino politicians
Michael S. Stuhlbarg (born July 5, 1968), is an American theatre, movie and television actor. His most important movie roles are "Larry Gopnik" in A Serious Man (2009), and "Griffin" in Men in Black 3 (2012). Stuhlbarg is Jewish. He recently appeared as "Dr. Robert Hoffstetler/Dimitri Mosenkov" in The Shape of Water (2017).

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Jewish American actors
Actors from Long Beach, California
Mount Herzl (, ), also called Har HaZikaron (, which means "Mount of Remembrance"), is the national cemetery of Israel in Jerusalem. It is named for Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. Yad Vashem, the main Holocaust museum of Israel is on the Mount of Remembrance. It is an extension of Mount Herzl. Mount Herzl is 834 meters above sea level. The northern area is the National Military and Police cemetery and the southern area is the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel.

National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel (Helkat Gdolei Ha'Uma) 
The southern slope of Mount Herzl is dedicated to the leaders and important public persons of the state of Israel. In Hebrew this cemetery is called Helkat Gdolei Ha'Uma ("the section of the great people of the nation"). The cemetery region includes national memorials of the Israeli public and memorial gardens of leaders that visit the state of Israel.

Mount Herzl Plaza
Mount Herzl Plaza 

Mount Herzl Plaza is central ceremonial plaza in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. The plaza is used for the opening ceremony of Israel Independence Day every year. On the northern side of the plaza is the grave of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. The plaza is at the highest spot of Mount Herzl in the center of the national cemetery. On 18 April 2012, during the rehearsals for the Independence Day ceremony, an electrical lamppost fell down. It killed one soldier and wounded seven other soldiers. The soldier was buried in the military cemetery nearby.

Menorah sculpture 
The Menorah sculpture is at the entrance to Mount Herzl. It is dedicated to the Third Temple. It was made in 2002 by sculptor Ben Zion Tzefoni.

Garden of the Nations 
The Garden of the Nations is a public garden. It has been planted with olives trees by foreign leaders visiting Israel. Each tree is has a plaque with the name of the leader who planted it.
Herzl Museum 
The Herzl Museum is a biographical museum. It tells the story of Theodor Herzl and his vision to create a Zionist country. The museum opened in 2005.

Mount Herzl Educational Center 
Mount Herzl Educational Center - The Stella and Alexander Margolis Educational Center for study of Zionism is located beside the Herzl Museum. It opened in 2013. A small memorial garden to Norman Herzl was planted beside the study center.

Path to Yad Vashem 
The memorial path was designed by the architect Uri Abramson and was built by Israeli youth organizations in 2003.  It tells the story of the birth of the state of Israel, from the beginning of the Zionism until the declaration of the state. The path runs from the National Civil Cemetery to Yad Vashem.

Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial 
The Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial is the main memorial for all victims of terrorism in Israel from 1851 until today. The Memorial was opened in 1997, and every year, a ceremony is held on the plaza of the memorial.
National Military and Police Cemetery 
The main Israel Defense Forces cemetery is on the northern slope of Mt. Herzl.  The cemetery includes memorials to members of the IDF who have fallen in the line of duty, and memorial gardens to the people who fought for the pre Zionist state. The Israel Police cemetery, for police officers who have fallen in the line of duty, is also located there.

Garden of Those Missing in Action 
The Garden of Those Missing in Action is a Memorial Garden in the National Military and Police Cemetery dedicated to people who have gone missing in action so that their burial place is unknown. It is also dedicated to the memory of unknown soldiers. In the garden there is a wall of names of people hwo have gone missing starting in 1914 until the present day. Beside it, empty graves represent missing soldiers and officers who have fought in the Israeli Defense Forces.

National Memorial Hall
The National Memorial Hall For Israel's Fallen () at Mount Herzl in Jerusalem is an initiative of the Israeli Ministry of Defense to commemorate all military Israeli casualties of war and Jewish fighters from 1860 until today. The proposal to build the hall was announced by Defense Minister Ehud Barak in 2010.

In 2012, the Israeli government approved the establishment of the National Memorial Hall at a cost of $40 million. Certification has been delayed because of a petition to the court by families of terror victims.  They say that there is no mention in the hall of the names of those victims, although the Hall is planned to be built next to the main memorial to Israeli terror victims.

The Memorial Hall opened on 30 April 2017.
Memorial of the Unknown Soldier 
In the center of the hall is the eternal flame dedicated to the unknown soldiers of Israel.  This means at least one unidentified set of remains is buried there so that the families of soldiers whose bodies were never brought back can go there, imagine it is their dead relative, and mourn.

Ancient burial cave 
An ancient Jewish burial cave from the Second Temple period was found in the military cemetery in 1954. Architect Asher Hiram designed a new entrance for the cave, so it is included in the cemetery.

Gallery of Mount Herzl National Cemetery

Mount of Remembrance 
The Mount of Remembrance is the western summit of Mount Herzl. It is 806 meters above sea level. It is called Mount of Remembrance in memory of the victims of the Holocaust.  Yad Vashem museum is on the top of the mountain.
Yad Vashem 
Yad Vashem  is the national Holocaust museum of Israel. The museum includes the International School for Holocaust Studies, the International Institute for Holocaust Research, the Valley of the Destroyed Communities, the Hall of Names, and the Righteous Among the Nations memorial path.

Official ceremonies 
 Memorial Day ceremony for Israel's Fallen Soldiers
 Memorial Day ceremony for victims of terrorism, held at the memorial of terror in Israel
 Seventh of Adar ceremony for fallen soldiers whose resting place is unknown, held in Garden of the Missing Soldiers
 Independence Day ceremony, held at Mount Herzl Plaza
 Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony at Yad Vashem
Sections 
 Helkat Gdolei Ha'Uma Section 	
 Herzl family and the heads of the World Zionist Organization Section		
 Jewish Immigrants drowned in the sea at Ha'apala period Section		
 Ze'ev Jabotinsky and his family Section		
 Israel Police Section		
 Jewish Parachutists of Mandate of Palestine Section		
 Olei Hagardom Section 		
 1948 Arab–Israeli War Section		
 1956 Suez Crisis Section		
 1967 Six-Day War and 1969-1970 War of Attrition Section		
 1973 Yom Kippur War Section		
 1982 Lebanon War Section 		
 2006 Lebanon War Section

Burials

Presidents 
 Zalman Shazar, 3rd President		
 Chaim Herzog, 6th President

Prime Ministers 
 Golda Meir, 4th Prime Minister		
 Yitzhak Rabin 5th Prime Minister	
 Yitzhak Shamir, 7th Prime Minister

Ministers 
 Eliezer Kaplan, Ministry of Finance

Knesset speakers 
 Yosef Sprinzak, 1st Knesset speaker		
 Yisrael Yeshayahu, 5th Knesset speaker		
 Menachem Savidor, 8th Knesset speaker

Mayors 
 Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusalem
Chief of General Staff 
 Yigael Yadin, 4th Chief of General Staff		
 David Elazar, 9th Chief of General Staff

Police Commissioners 
 Pinhas Kopel, 3rd Police Commissioner	
 Shaul Rosolio, 5th Police Commissioner	
 Haim Tavori, 6th Police Commissioner

Monuments and Memorials in Mount Herzl National Cemetery

Related pages 
 Tomb of Nicanor

Other websites 

  Mount Herzl in "Commonwealth War Graves Commission" site
 Mount Herzl museum 
 Mount Herzl on WikiMapia 
 Find a grave on Mount Herzl
 Simulation of the National Memorial Hall on YNET website
 Mount Herzl: The Creation of Israel's National Cemetery, Maoz Azaryahu 
 Mount Herzl Disaster in Haaretz site
 the memorial of Terror Victims  in "la'ad" website
 Stamp commemorating the opening of the Garden of the Missing Soldiers  by the Israel Postal Company
 Israeli Soldiers "Missing in Action" 

 
1948 establishments in Israel
Military monuments and memorials
Military monuments and memorials in Israel
Commonwealth War Graves Commission
The National Library of Israel (NLI; ; formerly the Jewish National and University Library - JNUL, ), is the national library of the state of Israel. It is on the campus of Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Givat Ram.

Other websites

 Official site
 Saving the Holy of Holies of Jewish texts,  by Nir Hasson on Haaretz

Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
National libraries
The Israel Museum (, Muze'on Yisrael, Yerushalayim) is Israel's national museum. It is in Jerusalem. It was founded in 1965. It is on a hill in the Givat Ram near The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel, Bible Lands Museum and the Knesset.

Gallery

Other websites 

 https://www.imj.org.il/en/node
 Israel Museum website 

Israel
1965 establishments in Israel
Museums in Jerusalem
The emperor newt (Tylototriton shanjing) is a highly toxic newt.  It lives in southeast Asia. They live in pools and slow-moving streams in subtropical forests.They mostly are awake during night and sleep during the day. The emperor newt usually eats small insects.  These include crickets and worms. 

It is also called the mandarin newt or mandarin salamander. They can grow up to  long. It has a ridged orange head. A single orange ridge runs along its back. This ridge is lined with two parallel rows of orange bumps on a black background. The tail and legs are entirely orange. There are different shades of orange.

When the newt is grabbed, the tips of the ribs will squeeze out poison. Emperor newts have enough toxin to kill about 7,500 mice.

References 

Newts
Animals of Asia
Gabrielle Shellise Varner (born February 12, 1989), simply known as Elle Varner is an American singer-songwriter. Her parents, Mikelyn Roderick and Jimmy Varner were publishers and songwriters. Elle signed a recording agreement with Sony Music in 2009. Her debut album Perfectly Imperfect was released on August 7, 2012. Two singles from the album were released: "Only Wanna Give It to You" and "Refill". The singles reached the top twenty on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

1989-2010: Early life and career beginnings 
Elle is of Cape Verdean descent. She is the daughter of Mikelyn Roderick and Jimmy Varner. They are publishers and songwriters. Roderick was a backing vocalist for Barry White and has written and recorded with Tevin Campbell and Rahsaan Patterson. Jimmy Varner has done collaborations with Gerald Alston, Kool & the Gang, and Will Downing.
Elle began playing the flute at age 6 and the piano at age 9.  She grew up around recording studios because of her parents jobs. She attended Alexander Hamilton High School's Academy of Music's Vocal Jazz Group. She wrote songs while being there. One of which "Thankful" won the top prize at their talent show. Because of this, she was accepted in NYU's Clive Davis Department of Recorded Music. She graduated there in 2008. In October 2009, she signed a recording agreement with MBK/J-RCA Records along with an agreement with Sony Music. She became the first artist to be featured on BET's Music Matters campaign that same year.
2011–present: Perfectly Imperfect 
Elle's debut single "Only Wanna Give It to You" was released on August 6, 2011, from her debut album Perfectly Imperfect (2012). It features American rapper J. Cole. It got to number 20 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In October 2011, Elle was listed as one of TheBoomBox's "15 Artists to Watch". On October 7, 2011, Elle was moved to RCA Records.

Elle released a mixtape Conversational Lush on January 23, 2012, as a promotion of her new album. The song "Refill" was released as the second single on January 31, 2012, on iTunes. It debuted at number 78 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Elle's debut album was released on August 7, 2012 and got to number three on the US Billboard 200 albums chart.

Discography 

Studio albums
 Perfectly Imperfect (2012)

Mixtapes
 Conversational Lush (2012)

References

Other websites 
 
 Elle Varner at last.fm
 Elle Varner Discography
1989 births
 
Living people
Singer-songwriters from California
Musicians from Los Angeles
Perfectly Imperfect is the first album by American singer-songwriter Elle Varner. It was released on August 7, 2012 by RCA Records. Songwriters and producers on the album include Jermaine Lamar Cole, Andrew "Pop" Wansel, Warren "Oak" Felder, Frankie Storm and Darrhyl Camper.

Promotion 
On January 23, 2012, Varner released a mixtape, titled Conversational Lush as part of a promotion for the album. The mixtape was released after the first single of the album, "Only Wanna Give It to You". The mixtape includes 13 tracks, and production from J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League, Bei Maejor, Andrew "Pop" Wansel and Warren "Oak" Felderand.
Singles 
There have been three singles to have been released. The lead single "Only Wanna Give It to You" was released on August 16, 2011. It features American rapper J. Cole. It got to number 20 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The second single "Refill" was released on January 31, 2012. It got to number 10 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "I Don't Care" was released on July 16, 2012, the third single. It got to number 80 on the same chart.

Reviews 

Allmusic compared the album to the debuts of American singer Chrisette Michele and Jazmine Sullivan. Allmusic gave a positive review saying "Perfectly Imperfect sounds like the assured work of a singer and songwriter -- one who co-composes and co-produces her material -- who is on her third or fourth album." They also liked Varner's vocals.

Track listing

Charts

Personnel 
Credits for Perfectly Imperfect:
Conley Abrams - Engineer
Chuck Amo - Hair Stylist
Adrien Baker - Composer
Leonhard Bartussek - Cello
Robert Bell - Composer
Ronald Bell - Composer
Tanisha Broadwater - Composer, Production Coordination
George Brown - Composer
Jeff Byrd - Percussion
James Cage - Trumpet
Darhyl Camper - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Charles Parker, Jr. - Violin
Chess Club - Producer
Jermaine Cole - Composer, Featured Artist
Ronald "Flippa" - Colson Programming
Nina Cottman - Violin
Carl Cox, Jr. - Flute, Sax (Tenor)
Kenneth Crouch - Fender Rhodes, Keyboards, Strings
Dru DeCaro - Guitar
Peter Edge - Producer
Alex Evans - Bass
Warren "Oak" Felder - Associate Producer, Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Dave Foreman - Guitar
Allan Fox - Composer
Chris Galland - Mixing Assistant
Thiannar Gomes - Guitar
Erwin Gorostiza - Creative Director
Marcel Hall - Composer
Frances Hathaway - Make-Up
Donna Johnson - Composer
Olga Konopelsky - Violin
Emma Kummrow - Violin
Gene Lake - Drums
Nayan Lassiter - Bass
Kristin Lum - Art Direction, Design
Erik Madrid - Mixing Assistant
Jonathan Maron - Bass
Manny Marroquin - Mixing
Donald Meadows - Composer
Donnie Meadows - Production Coordination
Melanie Daniels - Vocals (Background)
Robert "Spike" Mickens -Composer
Roy Morgan - Composer
Steve Mostyn - Bass, Guitar, Omnichord
RCA - Record Label
Ramon Rivas - Assistant Engineer
Jeff Robinson - Producer
Mikelyn Roderick - Vocals (Background)
Queen Rose - Violin
Karen Anna Schubert - French Horn
Al Shuckburgh - Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Stan Slotter - Trumpet
Claydes Smith - Composer
Adonis Sutherlin - A&R
Robert Taylor - Musician
Gregory Teperman - Violin
Dennis Thomas - Composer
Robert Thomas - Musician
Stephen Tirpak - Trombone
Miki Tsutsumi - Assistant Engineer, Engineer
Elle Varner - Composer, Guitar, Guitar (Acoustic), Lyricist, Primary Artist, Producer, Vocals (Background)
Jimmy Varner - Bass, Composer, Keyboards, Piano, Producer, Vocal Producer
The Varners - Vocal Arrangement, Vocal Producer, Vocal Recording
Wouri Vice - Stylist
John Emmet Walsh - Trumpet
Andrew Wansel - Associate Producer, Composer, Instrumentation, Producer
Dexter Wansel - Composer, Horn Arrangements, Horn Conductor, Producer, String Arrangements, String Conductor
Mark Ward - Cello
Stuart White - Engineer
Marlon Williams - Composer
Suzette Williams - A&R, Producer
Dave Wood - Guitar (Acoustic)
Yohimbe - Guitar
Naomi Yusada - Make-Up
References

Other websites 
 

2012 albums
Elle Varner
Elle Varner, an American singer-songwriter, has released one studio album, one mixtape, three singles, one promotional single and two music videos.

Albums

Studio albums

Mixtapes

Singles

Promotional singles

Guest appearances

References

Other websites 
 Elle Varner Discography 

Discography
Varner, Elle
Friedrich Burgmüller (Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller, 4 December 1806 – 13 February 1874) was a German pianist and composer. He was born in Regensberg, Germany, to a musical family. In 1832, he settled in Paris and adopted the French musical style. He wrote many works for piano, especially etudes for children that are still played today. His best known work is probably the Peasant pas de deus (originally Souvenirs de Ratisbonne) in Adolphe Adam's ballet Giselle (1841). It is not known how this music came to be inserted into the ballet.

Other websites 
Free scores Mutopia Project
Link to Recording of the Opus 100 Etudes at the Piano Society Website 
Description of the Opus 100 Etudes by Noriaki Nomoto 
 

1806 births
1874 deaths
19th-century German composers
Hurricane Richard was the seventeenth named storm and the tenth hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. The National Hurricane Center declared it a tropical storm on October 20.

Throughout Belize, Hurricane Richard caused about US$80 million in damage. Two deaths took place in the country, one direct and the other indirect. One person drowned after his ship broke during the storm. Another was mauled to death by a jaguar that escaped its cage after a tree fell and broke the cage.

References

Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes
2010 Atlantic hurricane season
2010 in Belize
The Belize District is a district of the nation of Belize.  The district capital is the nation's largest city, Belize City.

Settlements 

San Pedro Town, which is on the island of Ambergris Caye, is also in the Belize District. Caye Caulker and St. George's Caye are the island villages in this district. Maskall, Bomba, Corozalito, Santana, Lucky Strike, Rockstone Pond, Boston, Crooked Tree, Biscayne, May Pen, Gardenia, Grace Bank, Sand Hill, Lord's Bank, Ladyville, Burrel Boom, Buttercup, Scotland Halfmoon, Flowers Bank, Bermudian Landing, Isabella Bank, Double Head Cabbage, Willows Bank, Saint Paul's Bank, Big Falls, Rancho Dolores, Hattieville, Freetown Sibun, Gracie Rock, La Democracia, and Gales Point are all mainland villages in the Belize District.  The Crooked Tree and Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuaries, the Belize Zoo (30 miles west of Belize City), as well as the ancient Maya ruins of Altun Ha are all in this district.

History
History 

The Belize District was the area first settled by Europeans. They lived along the rivers and creeks because these waterways were used for transportation. Many of the estates were called the owner's 'bank'(as in the banks of a river). Therefore, Mr. Lord's estate on the bank of the Belize River became Lord's Bank. Mr. Flowers' home place on this same river became Flowers Bank. Many of these old estates have grown into villages.  Other places such as Baker, Bob Eiley, Bocotora, Nago Bank, Washing Tree, Cedar Bank, Churchyard, Egypt, Watters Bank, and White Hill are old estates which did not become villages. Some places like Davis Bank and Tropical Park have now become parts of larger communities.

Geography
Geography 

Most of the Belize District is in the east central mainland of Belize. The Belize District also includes offshore islands, including Ambergris Caye, Caye Caulker, St. George's Caye, Caye Chapel, English Caye and Goff's Caye. Ambergris Caye and Caye Caulker are two of the country's main tourism areas. The longest river in the country, the Belize River, passes through the district and joins the Caribbean Sea along its coast. The Northern River, Sibun River, and Manatee River are also in this District.

References 

Districts of Belize
Atelopus longirostris, a harlequin frog or jambato, is a member of the family of true toads: Bufonidae. It has only been found in northern Ecuador.  It was believed to be extinct extinct, and species had not been seen since 1989, until its rediscovery im 2016

Description 
Atelopus longirostris has a slender body with long legs.  Males have legs up to 35 mm, and females up to 47 mm. The dorsum is brown with yellow or cream rounded spots. The flanks are dark brown or black. The venter is whitish with some brown in the throat and chest.

References 

Toads
Extinct species
Frogs of South America
Atelopus, commonly known as harlequin frogs, is a large genus of true toads.  They live in Central and South America.  They go as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Bolivia. Atelopus are small, generally brightly colored and diurnal. Most species live near mid- to high-elevation streams. Many species are now considered endangered, while others already are extinct. The cause of these declines mostly appears to be the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

New Atelopus species are discovered with some regularity. Many new species have been described in the last ten years.

Species

References

Toads
Frogs of North America
Frogs of South America
Adenomus is a small genus of true toads.  It only has three species.  These all live in Sri Lanka. Adenomus kandianus was thought to be extinct for 133 years.  It was rediscovered in October 2009 in the Kandy area.

Species

References
 
 amphibiaweb.org Adenomus kandianus
 Global Amphibian Assessment - Adenomus kandianus 
 Manamendra-Arachchi, K., Pethiyagoda, R. (1998). A synopsis of the Sri Lankan Bufonidae (Amphibia: Anura), with description of two new species. J. South Asian nat. Hist., 3(2), 213-248. 
 Dutta, S.K. & Manamendra-Arachchi, K. (1996). The Amphibian Fauna of Sri Lanka. WHT, Colombo, Sri Lanka.  

Toads
Sri Lanka
Frogs of Asia
Altiphrynoides is a genus of toads.  They are commonly called Ethiopian toads. They only live in the highlands of south-central Ethiopia in the Arussi, Bale, and Sidamo provinces. Both species are threatened by habitat loss. They used to be included in Nectophrynoides.  Now they are separate because they lay eggs, while Nectophrynoides give birth to fully developed young.

Species

References

 
 ITIS report Altiphrynoides
 amphibiaweb.org Altiphrynoides malcolmi

Toads
Ethiopia
Frogs of Africa
Amietophrynus is a large genus of true toads.  They live in Africa. At first Amietophrynus species were included in the genus Bufo.  They have been split because they are considered different enough.

Species

References
 Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006, "The Amphibian Tree of Life", Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History no. 297: 1-370. [15 Mar 2006]
 

Toads
Frogs of Africa
Andinophryne is a small genus of true toads.  There are only three species.  They are found in the Andes.

Species

References
 

Toads
Frogs of South America
Ansonia (commonly known as stream toads) is a small genus of true toads.  They are found in South India; northern Thailand; Malay Peninsula; Tioman Island; Borneo and Mindanao (Philippines). These are a small forest species.  They spawn in streams and have torrent-adapted tadpoles.

Species

References
 L Lee Grismer, 2006: A new species of Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Anura: Bufonidae) from a lowland rainforest in Southern Peninsular Malaysia. Herpetologica 62,4: pp. 466–475 

Toads
Frogs of Asia
Darryl Francis Zanuck (September 5, 1902 – December 22, 1979) was an American producer, writer, actor, director and studio executive. He played a major part in the Hollywood studio system. He earned three Academy Awards. His career lasted 48 years.

Zanuck was born in Wahoo, Nebraska on September 5, 1902 to Louise (née Torpin) and Frank Zanuck. Zanuck was married to Virginia Fox from 1924 until they separated in 1956. They had three children. One of their children was movie producer Richard D. Zanuck who produced Jaws.

Zanuck died on December 22, 1979 in Palm Springs, California from jaw cancer. He was 77 years old.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1902 births
1979 deaths
Deaths from jaw cancer
Actors from Nebraska
Academy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American movie directors
Writers from Nebraska
American Protestants
American military personnel of World War I
American military personnel of World War II
American screenwriters
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from pneumonia
Golden Globe Award winners
Infectious disease deaths in California
Movie producers from California
Actors from Beverly Hills, California
Military people from Nebraska
Bufoides is a genus of true toad.  Bufoides meghalayanus is the only species. They are known as "Mawblang Toad" or "Khasi Hills Toad". They live in north-eastern India.

References

Toads
Frogs of Asia
Capensibufo is a genus of true toads with only two species. The common English name is Cape Toads. They live in the Republic of South Africa from Breede River to north of Knysna, Western Cape Province.

Species

Other websites 
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Capensibufo. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 01, 2008).
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Capensibufo. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 01, 2008).
  taxon Capensibufo at http://www.eol.org.
  Taxon Capensibufo at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 01, 2008).

Toads
Frogs of Africa
Churamiti is a genus of the true toads.  The only species is Churamiti maridadi.  They live in Tanzania. It is listed as a critically endangered species.  This is due to a restricted range and habitat loss. 

Toads
Frogs of Africa
Crepidophryne is a genus of toads commonly called Cerro Utyum Toads.  The genus has three species.  They live throughout the Costa Rican and Panamian highlands.

Species

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). Crepidophryne. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 1, 2008). 
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Crepidophryne. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 1, 2008). 
  taxon Crepidophryne at http://www.eol.org.
  Taxon Crepidophryne at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 1, 2008).
  Taxon Crepidophryne at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm  

Toads
Frogs of North America
Dendrophryniscus is a genus of true toads. They live in the forests of Brazil, amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and the Guianas. They prefer to live in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Species

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Dendrophryniscus. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 01, 2008). 
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Dendrophryniscus. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 01, 2008). 
  taxon Dendrophryniscus at http://www.eol.org.
  Taxon Dendrophryniscus at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 01, 2008).
  Taxon Dendrophryniscus at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm  

Toads
Frogs of South America
Virginia Fox (April 2, 1902 – October 14, 1982) was an American actress who starred in many silent movie of the 1910s and 1920s, her career spanned 14 years. 

Fox was born in Wheeling, West Virginia to Marie (née Oglseby) and Frederick Fox.   She was married to Darryl F. Zanuck from 1924 until they separated in 1956. They had three children, one of them was movie producer Richard D. Zanuck. Fox died on October 14, 1982 in Palm Springs, California from emphysema and from cerebral thrombosis, she was 80 years old.

Movies

References

Other websites

 

1902 births
1982 deaths
Deaths from cerebral thrombosis
Actors from West Virginia
American silent movie actors
Deaths from emphysema
People from Wheeling, West Virginia
Didynamipus is a genus in the Bufonidae family.  Didynamipus sjostedti, also called the four-digit toad, is the only species.  They live in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Nigeria.  They prefer to live in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.  They are threatened by habitat loss.

References
 Gartshore, M., Amiet, J.-L. & Drewes, R. 2004.  Didynamipus sjostedti.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Toads
Frogs of Africa
Duttaphrynus is a genus of true toads. They live in southwestern and southern China (including Taiwan and Hainan)  and throughout southern Asia from northern Pakistan and Nepal through India to Sri Lanka, Andaman Island, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali.

Description
These toads have heads with bony ridges.  The nose area is short and blunt. The first finger of these toads is longer than the second. The toes are half webbed. The toads are brown above and yellow beneath, marbled with brown.

Species

References

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Duttaphrynus. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 02, 2008). 

Toads
Frogs of Asia
The natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita, formerly Bufo calamita) is a toad.  They live in the sandy and heathland areas of Europe. Adults are 60–70 mm in length.  They are different from other toads because they have a yellow line down the middle of the back. They have relatively short legs. This gives them a distinctive gait, which is different than the hopping movement of many other toad species.

Natterjacks have a very loud and distinctive mating call.

Life history

Natterjacks live for up to 15 years and feed on insects, worms and small reptiles. At night they move around open land with little vegetation. Their tracks can often be seen in loose sand. They move large distances each night.

Reproduction
The Natterjack Toad spawns between the end of April and July.  They lay 'strings' of eggs in shallow, warm pools. Because the Natterjack Toad is often present in low numbers, its loud mating calls are important so that the sexes can find each other.
For Natterjacks, pools need to have a small slope with little vegetation on the banks and in the water. Sometimes the larvae die when the pools dry out. The Natterjack mates a few times each summer. The age of the young can vary from a month to 3 months in September.

Distribution

There are toads in seventeen European countries.  In the British Isles the toad is mostly in coastal areas.  In mainland Europe, particularly in the southern part of its range, it lives inland in a variety of places.

Ireland
The Natterjack Toad is the only species of toad native to Ireland. It is found on the Dingle peninsula and Derrynane in County Kerry and also in County Wexford.

References

Toads
Frogs of Europe
Frostius — also called Frost's Toads — is a small genus of true toads.  There are only two species.

Species

References
 Frost, Darrel R. 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Frostius accessdate=2008-04-13
 AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: April 13, 2008). Frostius pernambucensis

Toads
Frogs of South America
Ingerophrynus is a genus of true toads with eleven species.  Ten of the species in this genus used to be thought to be species of the genus Bufo. In 2007 a new species, Ingerophrynus gollum, was added to this genus. This species is named after the character Gollum created by J. R. R. Tolkien. These species live in Southern Yunnan and Indochina; peninsular Thailand and Malaya to Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Nias Island, and Sulawesi.

Species

References

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). Ingerophrynus. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 2, 2008).

Toads
Frogs of Asia
In Macroeconomics, the liquidity preference is the demand to hold cash as risk-free wealth. This is also known as Cash preference.  The idea was first developed by John Maynard Keynes in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936).

Macroeconomics
Miroslava Olegovna Karpovich (, ; born on March 1, 1986 in Berdyansk, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Ukraine-born Russian movie, television and theatre actress, comedian, model. Most famous for role of Maria Vasnetsova in sitcom "Daddy's Daughters", where she has been playing since July 13, 2007.

1986 births
Living people
Russian movie actors
Ukrainian actors
Russian comedians
Russian television actors
Ukrainian comedians
|}

Saina Nehwal  (born March 17, 1990) is an Indian female athlete.  She is best known as a badminton player who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

Saina won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

Accomplishments

SAINA NEHWAL was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2009 and a year later, the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian honour in India.

In 2009, Nehwal was honoured with India’s highest award for sporting excellence - the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award.

In 2016, the Government of India awarded Saina Nehwal the Padma Bhushan. It is the 3rd highest civilian honour in the country.

She became the first Indian badminton player to win a BWF Series event and continued to impress on her way to winning the gold medal at the Commonwealth Games in 2010.

In 2015, Saina Nehwal won the singles event at the India Open BWF Super Series and became the number 1 women’s player in the Badminton World Federation rankings.
Related pages
 Sports in India
 India at the Olympics

References

Other websites

1990 births
Living people
2012 Summer Olympics
Indian Olympic bronze medalists
Indian sportspeople
Commonwealth Games medallists
Badminton players
Laurentophryne parkeri, also called Parker's tree toad, is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family. It is the only species in the genus Laurentophryne. They live in the Kivu region in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

It is threatened by habitat loss.

References
 Channing, A. & Poynton, J.C. 2004.  Laurentophryne parkeri .   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.
 

Toads
Frogs of Africa
Leptophryne is a small genus of true toads.  There are only two species.  They are found in southeast Asia, in Peninsular Thailand through the Malay Peninsula.

Species

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Leptophryne. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 02, 2008). 
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Leptophryne. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 02, 2008). 
  taxon Leptophryne at http://www.eol.org.
  Taxon Leptophryne at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 02, 2008).
  Taxon Leptophryne at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm  

Toads
Frogs of Asia
Melanophryniscus (South American Redbelly Toads) is a genus of toads.  There are 25 amphibian species located in Argentina, south of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

Species

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Melanophryniscus. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 03, 2008). 
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Melanophryniscus. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 03, 2008). 
  taxon Melanophryniscus at http://www.eol.org.
  Taxon Melanophryniscus at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 03, 2008).
  Taxon Melanophryniscus at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm  

Toads
Frogs of South America
Mertensophryne or "Snouted Frogs" is a genus of true toads.  They live in eastern and southern Democratic Republic of Congo to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, southeastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

Species

References
 , 2006, The Amphibian Tree of Life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297: 206

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). Mertensophryne. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 3, 2008).
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Mertensophryne. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 3, 2008).

Toads
Frogs of Africa
The Sapito Rugoso Del Marahuaka (Metaphryniscus sosae) is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family. It is the only species in the genus Metaphryniscus.  It lives in Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

References
 La Marca, E. & Señaris, C. 2004. Metaphryniscus sosae. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Toads
Frogs of South America
Nectophryne, or African tree toads, is a genus of true toads.  There are only two species.  They live in western Africa - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, northeastern Congo, Bioko and Equatorial Guinea.

Species

Other websites
 . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Nectophryne. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 04, 2008). 
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Nectophryne. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 04, 2008). 
  taxon Nectophryne at http://www.eol.org.
  Taxon Nectophryne at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 04, 2008).
  Taxon Nectophryne at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm  

Toads
Frogs of Africa
Dance historian Grace Robert praises the ballet in her book The Borzoi Book of Ballets. She singles out the characterizations in particular, noting that they are "definite and well-rounded" and that all of them are seen in terms that are "balletic". She points to the pursuit of the gangster as an especially effective moment. On a darkened stage, several figures with flashlights perform grand jetée (leaps). The beams of light and flying figures create an effect "dramatic out of all proportion to the simplicity of the means employed." The ballet was popular in South America when it was performed there in 1941 by an American company assembled by Lincoln Kirstein. Writing in 1949, Robert noted that only the score survived at that date but a suite arranged from it was heard occasionally in concert or on the radio.

References 
 

Ballets
Billy the Kid is a one-act ballet. The libretto (story) is attributed to Lincoln Kirstein and is based on the life of Billy the Kid. The music was written by Aaron Copland. Eugene Loring designed the dances. Jared French designed the scenery and costumes. The ballet was first performed in Chicago in October 1938. It was performed in New York City at the Martin Beck Theater on May 24, 1939 with Loring as Billy and Marie-Jeanne in the dual role of Mother and Mexican Sweetheart. During Christmas week 1939, the ballet was presented at the St. James Theater in New York City with Michael Kidd as Billy and Alicia Alonso as Mother and Mexican Sweetheart.

Story 
The ballet opens with pioneers heading west led by Pat Garrett in "March". In "Street Scene", cowboys, Indians, dance hall girls, and other western types throng the street of a town. Billy and his Mother enter as a brawl breaks out. Alias (as cowboy) kills Billy's Mother with a wild shot. Billy stabs Alias and runs away.
In "Billy's Soliloquy", Billy shoots Alias (as land agent) during a card game. In "Card Game on the Desert" and "Gun Battle", Garrett accuse Billy of cheating at cards and goes off. The posse approaches led by Alias (as sheriff). Billy's gang is killed, but Billy kills Alias. The posse takes him to jail. At the end of "Macabre Dance", the Mexican Sweetheart enters looking for Billy. In "Jail Scene" Billy escapes by killing Alias (as jailer). 

In "Desert", Alias (as Indian Guide) leads Billy to the Mexican Sweetheart's hide-out. Billy has no thought for anyone but himself and the Sweetheart leaves. The Indian Guide returns with Garrett, and, when Billy lights a cigarette in the darkness, Garret kills him ("Billy's Death"). Mexican women mourn Billy's death in "Pietà". The ballet ends with Garret leading pioneers in "Closing March".

References 
 

Ballets
Compositions by Aaron Copland
1938 works
Calico may mean:

Textiles
Calico (textile), a plain-woven cotton textile

Animals
 Calico butterfly
Calico cat
Calico goldfish
Calico grouper
Calico Pennant, a dragonfly

People
Calico Cooper (born 1981), American actress and the daughter of rock and roll musician Alice Cooper
Calico Jack Rackham (1682–1720), English pirate captain in the early 18th century
Tyrone Calico (born 1980), American football wide receiver

Places
Calico Mountains (California)
Calico Ghost Town
Calico Peaks
Calico Early Man Site
Calico Mountains (Nevada)
Calico Mountains Wilderness
Calico Mills
Calico Rock, Arkansas, a city in Izard County, United States
Ballet d'action is an 18th-century ballet movement. It was started by French choreographer Jean Georges Noverre in 1760.  The movement focused on character and emotional expression through dancers' bodies and faces, instead of elaborate costumes and props. Noverre started the movement because he was unhappy with the attention focused on technical expertise. He expressed his views in his book Lettres sur la danse et les ballets. He stated there that the purpose of ballet is "to represent characters and express their feelings" through movement rather than costume.

Notes 

Ballet
Nectophrynoides is a genus of true toads. They live in Eastern Arc forests and wetlands in Tanzania. All but N. tornieri are threatened. Species of the genus are ovoviviparous: fertilization is internal, and the females give birth to fully developed, small toadlets. Together with the West Africa Nimbaphrynoides, they are the only frogs/toads in the world that do not lay eggs.

Species

References

 Frost, Darrel R. 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Nectophrynoides accessdate=2008-04-14

Toads
Frogs of Africa