Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Daequan Cook (born April 28, 1987) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Chicago Bulls of the NBA since 2013. He played for the Oklahoma City Thunder from 2010 through 2012. Then he played for the Houston Rockets from 2012 through 2013.

Cook was born on April 28, 1987 in Dayton, Ohio. He studied at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School.

References

Other websites
Daequan Cook Fan Forum 

1987 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Oklahoma City Thunder players
Houston Rockets players
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from Dayton, Ohio
American basketball players
Jimmy Butler III (born September 14, 1989) is an American professional basketball player who got drafted 30th overall in 2011 to the Chicago Bulls. Butler played for the Bulls from 2011–2017. He later played for the Minnesota Timberwolves and Philadelphia 76ers. He is currently playing for the Miami Heat of the NBA.

Butler was born on September 14, 1989 in Houston, Texas. He studied at Tomball High School. Then went to Tyler Junior College from 2007–2008. After that, he went to Marquette University from 2008–2011. Butler is among few NBA players of his era to play four years in college.

References

Other websites
Big East for Jimmy Butler 
Jimmy Butler bio-GoMarquette.com 

1989 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Miami Heat players
Minnesota Timberwolves players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Sportspeople from Houston
American basketball players
Alan Robert Kalter (March 21, 1943 – October 4, 2021) was an American television announcer. He was best known as the announcer for the Late Show with David Letterman, starting in 1995 until his retirement in 2015.

Kalter was born on March 21, 1943 in New York City, New York. He was raised in Brooklyn, New York. Kalter studied at Hobart College. He was married to Carol Cepler until they divorced. He married Peggy Masterson in 2003. 

Kalter died at a hospital in Stamford, Connecticut on October 4, 2021, at age 78.

References

Other websites
 

1943 births
2021 deaths
American television presenters
Television personalities from New York City
People from Stamford, Connecticut
Andrea Feldman (April 1, 1948 - August 8, 1972) was an American actress. She acted in several notable movies. She was born in New York City. She committed suicide by jumping from a fourteen floor building.

People who committed suicide
American movie actors
1948 births
1972 deaths
Actors from New York City
Bill Wendell (William Joseph Wenzel, Jr.; March 22, 1924 – April 14, 1999) was an American NBC television announcer. He was the announcer for the Late Show with David Letterman from 1993 until he retired in 1995.

Wendell was born on March 22, 1924 in New York City, New York. He studied at Fordham University. Wendell died on April 14, 1999 in Boca Raton, Florida from cancer, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 
 Obituary in The New York Times, April 15, 1999.
 Obituary in Variety, May 25, 1999.

1924 births
1999 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
American television presenters
Television personalities from New York City
Boca Raton, Florida
Roland Wallace Burris (born August 3, 1937) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from the state of Illinois. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

In 1978, Burris was the first African-American elected to statewide office in Illinois, when he was elected Illinois Comptroller. He was in that office until his election as Illinois Attorney General in 1990. Since then, he has unsuccessfully run for office four more times.

Burris was born on August 3, 1937 in Centralia, Illinois. He studied at Centralia High School, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, at the University of Hamburg in Germany, and at Howard University School of Law.

Burris is married to Berlean Miller. They have two children. He has lived in Chatham, Chicago, Illinois since the 1980s. He built his own tomb at the Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1937 births
Living people
United States senators from Illinois
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Chicago
Lawyers from Chicago
African American politicians
Elizabeth Lloyd "Libby" Holman (née Holzman; May 23, 1904 – June 18, 1971) was an American stage actress and singer. She also acted in a few movies. She was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. On June 18, 1971 near Stamford, Connecticut, Holman committed suicide using carbon monoxide. Holman was 67 when she died.

American stage actors
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
Actors from Cincinnati
Suicides by gas
1904 births
1971 deaths
Natural killer T cells (NKT) are cells formed from small lymphocytes. They are a type of T cell, and are different from natural killer cells (NK). NKT cells are important, but make up only 0.1% of all peripheral blood T cells.

NKT cells are a subset of T cells which also have molecular markers normally associated with NK cells. They are important in recognizing glycolipids from organisms such as mycobacterium, which cause tuberculosis.

NKT cells seem to be essential for several aspects of immunity because their dysfunction or deficiency leads to the development of autoimmune diseases (such as diabetes and atherosclerosis) and cancer. NKT cells have recently been implicated in the disease progression of human asthma.

The clinical potential of NKT cells lies in the rapid release of cytokines that promote or suppress different immune responses.

References 

Blood cells
"Tell Me Something I Don't Know" is a song by Selena Gomez. It was released as a single on August 5, 2008 on iTunes. A Radio Disney version (which removes the Hurricane Katrina reference) was released on September 9, 2008, on iTunes. The song is on the Kidz Bop 15 CD. A new version of the song is on Selena Gomez & the Scene's debut album, Kiss & Tell.

Chart performance
The song peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at 13 on the Australian Hitseekers Singles chart and at 1 on the Malaysia Muzik Singles & Urban Chart.

Music video
The music video starts with scenes reminiscent of (but not from) the film; Gomez cleaning a house and the maid yelling at her. Gomez then leaves the house and does a dance routine with her backup dancers, while the maid watches from the house window. The video also features Gomez in front of a black background with lyrics from the song (such as "I'm ready for it" and "One in a million") flying around her.

Charts

Release history

2008 songs
Selena Gomez songs
Melody Anderson (born December 3, 1955) is an Canadian singer, actress and public speaker. Her roles in movies happened mostly in the 1960s and 1970s, though she continued acting until around the mid 1990s. Anderson was born in Edmonton, Alberta.

Canadian movie actors
Canadian singers
1955 births
Living people
Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis in which the wall of the artery has lesions. These lesions may lead to narrowing due to the buildup of atheromatous plaque. There are usually no symptoms. 

When severe, it can cause coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or kidney failure.

References

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
June Allyson (October 7, 1917 – July 8, 2006) was an American movie, television, and stage actress. She was born in the Bronx, New York City. She died from bronchitis and respiratory failure.

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 
 Joe Daurril's Allyson Without Tears
 Obituary in the Los Angeles Daily News
 Obituary in The New York Times (July 11, 2006)
 Photographs and literature

American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
1917 births
2006 deaths
Actors from New York City
Deaths from respiratory failure
Deaths from bronchitis
Infectious disease deaths in California
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins released by body cells in response to pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or to tumor cells. They allow cells to trigger the defenses of the immune system.

IFNs belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines.  Interferons are named after their ability to "interfere" with virus replication inside host cells. 

IFNs also have other functions: 
they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; 
they increase recognition of infection or tumor cells by up-regulating antigen presentation to T lymphocytes; 
they increase the ability of uninfected host cells to resist new infection by virus.  Certain symptoms, such as aching muscles and fever, are related to the production of IFNs during infection.

About ten distinct IFNs have been identified in mammals; seven of these have been described for humans. All IFNs are very important for fighting viral infections.

Immunology
Molecular biology
Meta Platforms, Inc., known before 2021 as Facebook, Inc., is an American multinational Internet corporation which owns Facebook. It was owned by Mark Zuckerberg, other founders and the shared ownership given to its employees but it went public on February 1, 2012, and was headquartered in Menlo Park, California. Meta, Inc. started selling stock on the NASDAQ on May 18, 2012.

It owns several social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Threads. It owns Reality Labs, a virtual reality company.

References

Other websites 
 

American software companies
2004 establishments in the United States
Companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Companies listed on NASDAQ
Menlo Park, California
Replication may refer to:

In science:
 Replication (scientific method), one of the main principles of the scientific method
 Replication (statistics), the repetition of a test or complete experiment
 Self-replication, the process in which something (a cell, virus, program) makes a copy of itself
 DNA replication, the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule
 Semiconservative replication, mechanism of DNA replication
 Replication (metallography), the use of thin plastic films to duplicate the microstructure of a component

In computing:
 Replication (computing), the use of redundant resources to improve reliability or performance
Angela Bettis (born January 9, 1973) is an American movie, television, and stage actress. She was born in Austin, Texas. In the 2002 telefilm Carrie, Angela, Jodelle Ferland and the baby replaced Sissy Spacek for being Carrie.

American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Austin, Texas
1973 births
Living people
Culver's is an American fast food franchise. The company was founded in 1984. It operates primarily in the Midwest, though the company has plans to expand beyond there. Culver's sells frozen custard, burgers, fried chicken and salad.

American fast food restaurants
1984 establishments in the United States
M.U.G.E.N. (or simply known as MUGEN) is a modifiable 2D fighting game engine that was created by Elecbyte and initially released in 1999. It was programmed in C, which was originally used in Allegro library, and it compared to 5 versions: DOS MUGEN, Winmugen, Linux Mugen, Mugen 1.0  and Mugen 1.1 as the latest release.

The Japanese term mugen means dream, fantasy or infinite.

History
History

In 1999, Elecbyte had a plan to create a customizable original fighting game engine, DOS-MUGEN. Then later, they created the first original MUGEN character called Kung Fu Man, among with 2 non-playable characters according to the intro and ending storyboards. Aside from it, the engine was released on July 17, 2001. It works platforms such as DOS Mugen, Winmugen and Linux Mugen which is allowed the users to customize before they distribute their website. DOS Mugen was ceased when Elecbyte switched into Linux platform in November 2001. Elecbyte had a request for donations in their site to legally obtain a Windows compiler to create a Windows version of M.U.G.E.N. However, the developers discontinued the project in 2003 and their website was shut off afterwards. Later, they speculated leaks to make public of a private Windows-based beta that was provided to donators. The public beta of Winmugen was released with "no limit" hack after their development.
In January 2011, they decided to create the latest release of previous versions, Mugen 1.0. It has more game features like victory screen to show the win quote of a character.

Gameplay
Gameplay

It is a 7-button (A,B, C, X, Y, Z and Start) game which includes Joystick, arrow keys, letters, number keys, number lock keys and function keys (for debugging). The main mode in menu screen is Arcade Mode, where you can choose only 1 character if you want to play it and fight random characters like other fighting games, especially Team Arcade and Team Co-op modes. VS mode is a 2-player challenge where you can play against your friend. In Team Arcade and Team VS modes, you can play with 1 non-playable character to beat opponents, excluding Team Co-op and Survival Co-op modes. In Survival mode, it is the endless stream of opponents where you can fight them. In Watch mode, you can see the characters with AI during the fight but you can't play as the character unless you press function that turn into playable character if the option of debugging keys is on.

Other websites
 Official Elecbyte Website 
 Mugen Files

1999 video games
Fighting games
DOS games
The Shirelles were a popular American girl group. They were very active from 1957 to 1982. Some of their songs were "I Met Him on a Sunday" and "Tonight's the Night". This group had four African American female singers. They had many hit records. The group broke apart in the very early 1980s.

The group was formed by Shirley Owens (later Shirley Alston Reeves) who was the lead singer. At one time they had six songs in the Top Ten. 

Two of their songs, "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" (written by Carole King) and "Tonight's the Night", were selected by Rolling Stone on its list of the greatest songs of all time. Their song "soldier Boy" sold over five million copies.

References

American girl groups
1957 establishments in the United States
1982 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 1957
Musical groups disestablished in 1982
20th-century establishments in New Jersey
1980s disestablishments in New Jersey
The Blossoms were a popular girl group from California. It rose to fame during the 1960s. They sang R&B, pop and rock. The group had many hit songs and records. Darlene Love often sang with them. The prominent members of the group were Fanita James, Gloria Jones, Darlene Love, Jean King  and Annette Williams.

The Blossoms broke up in 1990.

American girl groups
American musical groups
1990 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups disestablished in 1990
Dulwich ( ) is a wealthy area in the London Borough of Southwark in south London.

Related pages
Dulwich College

Other websites
Dulwich community website including history 

Areas of London
London Borough of Southwark
Barnes is an area in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in southwest London.

Areas of London
London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Justin Martyr ( AD 100  AD 165), also known as Saint Justin, was an early Christian from Nablus on the West Bank, who was martyred in Rome. He is known for his writings defending Christianity.

References

100s births
165 deaths
Christian saints
Streatham is a very green area, with a large common. There are formal Victorian Gardens hidden at the top of Streatham Common called The Rookery. There is also a free children's paddling pool which is filled only in the summer months. It is in the London Borough of Lambeth in South London.

Streatham has the longest high street in Europe with many great shops and restaurants along it as well as streatham odeon, streatham leisure centre, and trio pizzeria.

Areas of London
London Borough of Lambeth
The Field Museum of Natural History (or Field Museum) is in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.. It is on Lake Shore Drive next to Lake Michigan. The museum has more than 21 million exhibits.

History 
The museum was founded in 1893 and had used old exhibitions that were shown from the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, including exhibits about trains.

The Field Museum has a large collection of dinosaur skeletons in the Evolving Planet exhibit. The human cultural anthropology exhibits have things from ancient Egypt, the Pacific Northwest, the Pacific Islands, and Tibet. The taxidermy collection has many large animals, including two African elephants and the Lions of Tsavo featured in the 1996 movie The Ghost and the Darkness. 

The Ancient Americas exhibit has Native American artifacts. The museum also has Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus skeleton  in the world.

References

Other websites

The Field Museum
The Field Museum

Museums in Chicago
1893 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Illinois
Natural history museums
In the state of Vermont, United States, there are 23 colleges and universities. This includes one research university, six master's universities, an art school, a culinary school, a law school. 

The state's largest school is its public university, the University of Vermont.

Institutions

References and notes

General

Specific

Other websites
Consortium of Vermont Colleges
Department of Education listing of accredited institutions in Vermont

Lists of colleges and universities
The Museum of Science and Industry (or MSI) is in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.. It is in Jackson Park, in the Hyde Park neighborhood between Lake Michigan and The University of Chicago. The museum was sponsored by Julius Rosenwald, the Sears, Roebuck and Company president and philanthropist. It was supported by the Commercial Club of Chicago. It opened in 1933 during the Century of Progress Exposition.

MSI is the largest science museum in the Western Hemisphere. It has a full-size replica coal mine, a German submarine (U-505) captured during World War II, a 3,500-square-foot (330 m2) model railroad, the first diesel-powered streamlined stainless-steel passenger train (Pioneer Zephyr), and the Apollo 8 spacecraft that carried the first humans to the Moon.

References

Other websites

Museum website
Commercials and news clips  at The Museum of Classic Chicago Television

Museums in Chicago
1933 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Illinois
The aquarium has 2 million annual visitors. It was the most visited aquarium in the U.S. in 2005. In 2007, it was the most popular cultural attraction in Chicago. It contains 1,500 species including fish, marine mammals, birds, snakes, amphibians, and insects. The aquarium received awards for best exhibit from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) for Seahorse Symphony in 1999, Amazon Rising in 2001, and Wild Reef in 2004.

References

Other websites

Commercials  at The Museum of Classic Chicago Television

Museums in Chicago
Aquariums
1930 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Illinois
The Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum is a planetarium in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.. It was the first planetarium built in the Western Hemisphere and is the oldest in existence. The planetarium was founded and built in 1930 by the philanthropist Max Adler, with the assistance of the first director of the planetarium, Philip Fox. The Adler Planetarium opened to the public on May 12, 1930.

The planetarium is on Northerly Island. It is part of Chicago's Museum Campus, along with the John G. Shedd Aquarium and the Field Museum of Natural History. For its design, architect Ernest A. Grunsfeld, Jr. was awarded the gold medal of the Chicago chapter of the American Institute of Architects in 1931. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.

References

Other websites

Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum
Adler Planetarium Collections & Archives 
History of the Adler 
3D Google Earth Model 

Museums in Chicago
Landmarks in Chicago
1930 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Illinois
The Central Bank of Russia () is the central bank of Russia in Moscow. The bank began in 1860. It was closed in the Soviet period. It opened again in 1990 after the USSR fell apart.

Other websites 

  Bank of Russia
  Federal law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)"
  Interview to CIO magazine: Bank of Russia's deputy chairman Mihail Senatorov 
Historical Scandals from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

Buildings and structures in Moscow
Central banks
Companies of Russia
Malakunanja II or Madjedbebe is a rock shelter in Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about 50 kilometres from the coast. Madjedbebe was first occupied by humans around 65 thousand (at least 59.3 thousand) years ago. This is the oldest site showing the presence of humans in Australia.  More than 1500 items have been found in the shelter, including stone tools and grinding stones, ochre, and charcoal. Some of these were buried more than 2.5 metres below the surface. The shelter also includes faded paintings on the walls. The paintings are drawn with ochre.

References

History of Australia
Archaeological sites in Australia
Northern Territory
The Harrowing of Hell, in Christianity, is when Christ went down to Hell after his death on Good Friday, and helped many souls escape. It is mentioned in 1 Peter 3:18-22. It was a story used in the first of the English religious dramas written during the Middle Ages. The Bible does not say for sure if Christ really went to Hell or not. People understand this differently.

References

Jesus
The Mary Jane Girls were an American R&B, disco and funk music group. They were popular in the 1980s. Their hit songs included "All Night Long" and "In My House". The group were associated with Rick James. They disbanded in 1987.

1983 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
African-American musical groups
American girl groups
American R&B bands
Musical groups disestablished in 1987
Musical groups established in 1983
1980s establishments in California
1980s disestablishments in California
1987 disestablishments in the United States
Manuel García Ferré (October 8, 1929 – March 28, 2013) was a Spanish-Argentine animation director and cartoonist. He was known for his animated series Hijitus.

Ferré was born on October 8, 1929 in Almería, Spain. He was raised in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ferré became an official Buenos Aires citizen in 2009. He was never married. Ferré died on March 28, 2013 in Buenos Aires after going through heart surgery, aged 83.

References

Other websites

García Ferré's Comics 

1929 births
2013 deaths
Argentine cartoonists
People from Buenos Aires
Hjalmar Johan "Hjallis" Andersen (March 12, 1923 – March 27, 2013) was a Norwegian speed skater. He won three gold medals at the 1952 Winter Olympic Games in Oslo, Norway. He was the only triple gold medalist at the 1952 Winter Olympics, the most successful athlete there.

Andersen was born on March 12, 1923 in Rødøy, Norway. He was married to Gerd Andersen until her death in 2003. They had three children. Andersen fell in his home on March 25, 2013. He was unconscious until he died two days later on March 27, 2013, aged 90.

References

Other websites

 Hjalmar Andersen at SpeedSkatingStats.com

1923 births
2013 deaths

1952 Winter Olympics

Accidental deaths from falls
Norwegian Olympic gold medalists
Clara Blandick (June 4, 1876 - April 15, 1962) was an American actress. She acted in stage plays and movies. She played Auntie Em in the movie The Wizard of Oz. She also did many other movies. She was raised in Boston. She moved to New York City for her acting career. Blandick committed suicide at age 85 using sleeping pills.

Actors from Boston
American movie actors
American stage actors
Drug-related suicides in the United States
1876 births
1962 deaths
Mario Party 4 is a party board video game for the Nintendo GameCube. It is the fourth game in the Mario Party series. It is the first Mario Party game for the Nintendo GameCube. It was developed by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo. It was released on October 21, 2002 in North America, on November 8, 2002 in Japan, and on November 29, 2002 in Europe.

Gameplay
Mario Party 4 plays the same as the first three Mario Party games. Players go around on boards collecting coins and stars. Along the way, they may use items to help them. Items can be bought in an item shop. After all four players go, they play a mini-game. Whoever wins the mini-game wins coins. The player who has the most stars at the end of the game wins. One new feature in this game is the Warp Space. If a player lands on this space, they must switch spaces with another player. Who the player has to switch spaces with is chosen by a wheel.
Six boards are available to play on. One of the boards must be unlocked in Story Mode. Eight characters are playable, including Mario, Luigi, and Princess Peach.

2002 video games
Mario Party games
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Nintendo GameCube games
Video games developed in Japan
Party video games
Board games
Hey You, Pikachu! is a life simulation video game for the Nintendo 64 game console. It is a spin-off game in the Pokémon series. It was released on December 12, 1998 in Japan and November 6, 2000 in North America.

The game involves talking to Pikachu, the game's main character, with the Nintendo 64's Voice Recognition Unit. The Voice Recognition Unit is an add-on microphone for the Nintendo 64 controller. It allows the Nintendo 64 to recognize and understand the human voice. The player talks to Pikachu in order to complete tasks given by the game. The player can also pick up and use items.

The player's goal is to befriend a wild Pikachu using a device made by Professor Oak to befriend wild Pokémon. Through earning the Pikachu's trust, the Pikachu will eventually live in the player's house. There are three different activity days, each with a different goal. The player keeps the Pikachu for 365 days. If the player reaches the 365th day, the Pikachu is released back into the wild.

References
References 

 "N64 Games of November". IGN. November 3, 2000. Retrieved May 22, 2023.

1998 video games
Nintendo 64 games
Pokémon video games
Ramón José Velásquez Mujica (28 November 1916 – 24 June 2014) was an Venezuelan politician. He served as Acting president of Venezuela between 1993 and 1994. He was known as a historian, journalist, lawyer, politician and entertainer of companies for his knowledge of the "national life".

In 1993, when president Carlos Andrés Pérez was impeached, Congress made Velásquez acting president. He served from June 5, 1993 through February 2, 1994.

Velásquez was born on November 28, 1916 in San Juan de Colón, Táchira, Venezuela. He studied at Central University of Venezuela. He married Ligia Betancourt Mariño. He moved to Caracas, Venezuela in 1993.

Velásquez died at the age of 97.

Related pages
List of historians by continent

References

Other websites
 Biography (in Spanish) by CIDOB Foundation 
 "La Paz Ramónica" (Velasquez´s government) by Edgar C. Otálvora 
 "RJV La Red de Liberales y Socialdemócratas". (Velasquez´s biography by Edgar C. Otálvora)
1916 births
2014 deaths
Presidents of Venezuela
Venezuelan entertainers
Historians
Venezuelan journalists
Lawyers
Martha Gellhorn (November 8, 1908 - February 15, 1998) was an American novelist and journalist. She wrote many novels. She also wrote news stories for the Atlantic Monthly.

Gellhorn was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She committed suicide with an overdose of drugs. She was 89 when she died.

References

American war correspondents
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Writers who committed suicide
Drug-related suicides
1908 births
1998 deaths
O. Henry Award winners
Octavio Lepage Barreto, (November 24, 1923 – January 6, 2017)  was Acting President of Venezuela from May 21, 1993 through June 5, 1993.

Lepage was born on November 24, 1923 in Santa Rosa, Anzoátegui, Venezuela. He studied at Central University of Venezuela. Lepage married Verónica Peñalver. In 1993, he moved to Caracas, Venezuela. Lepage died in Caracas, Venezuela on January 6, 2017, aged 93.

References

1923 births
2017 deaths
Presidents of Venezuela
Anzoátegui
A hyperbola is a type of conic section. Like the other three types of conic sections - parabolas, ellipses, and circles - it is a curve formed by the intersection of a cone and a plane. A hyperbola is created when the plane intersects both halves of a double cone, creating two curves that look exactly like each other, but open in opposite directions. This occurs when the angle between the axis of the cone and the plane is less than the angle between a line on the side of the cone and the plane.

Hyperbolas can be found in many places in nature. For example, an object in open orbit around another object - where it never returns - can move in the shape of a hyperbola. On a sundial, the path followed by the tip of the shadow over time is a hyperbola.

One of the most well-known hyperbolas is the graph of the equation .

Definitions and equations 

The two disconnected curves that make up a hyperbola are called arms or branches.
The two points where the branches are closest together are called the vertices. The line between these two points is called the transverse axis or major axis. The midpoint of the transverse axis is the center of the hyperbola.

At large distances from the center, the branches of the hyperbola approach two straight lines. These two lines are called the asymptotes. As the distance from the center increases, the hyperbola gets closer and closer to the asymptotes, but never intersects them.

The conjugate axis or minor axis is perpendicular, or at a right angle to, the transverse axis. The endpoints of the conjugate axis are at the height where a segment that intersects the vertex and is perpendicular to the transverse axis intersects the asymptotes.

A hyperbola that has a center at the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system, which is the point (0,0), and has a transverse axis on the x-axis can be written as the equation
a is the distance between the center and a vertex. The length of the transverse axis is equal to 2a. b is the length of a perpendicular line segment from a vertex to an asymptote. The length of the conjugate axis is equal to 2b.

The two branches of the above type of hyperbola open to the left and the right. If the branches open up and down and the transverse axis is on the y-axis, then the hyperbola can be written as the equation

Hyperbolic trajectory 
A hyperbolic trajectory is the trajectory followed by an object when its velocity is more than the escape velocity of a planet, satellite, or star. That means its orbital eccentricity is greater than 1. For example, meteors approach on a hyperbolic trajectory, and interplanetary space probes leave on one. 
Conic sections

Related pages 
Hyperbolic functions
Eleanor Marx (16 January 1855 – 31 March 1898) was an English socialist activist and writer. She was also a literary translator. She was the youngest daughter of Karl Marx. She committed suicide using poison, aged 43.

1855 births
1898 deaths
British activists
British socialists
English writers
Writers who committed suicide
Eta Carinae (η Carinae or η Car) is a superbright hypergiant star in the constellation Carina, about 7,500 to 8,000 light-years from the Sun. 

The system contains at least two stars, of which the primary is a luminous blue variable (LBV) that initially had around 150 solar masses, of which it has lost at least 30. A hot supergiant of about 30 solar masses is in orbit around the primary. An enormous thick red nebula surrounding Eta Carinae makes it impossible to see this companion optically, but the dumbell-shaped gas cloud is formed by two stars. 

The Eta Carinae system is inside the Homunculus nebula, itself part of the much larger Carina nebula. Together they have a combined luminosity of over five million times the Sun's. It is not visible north of latitude 30°N and is seen moving round the pole south of latitude 30°S. Due to its mass and the stage of its life, it is expected to explode as a supernova in the future.
History 
Eta Carinae was first recorded as a 4th magnitude star. It brightened from 1837 to 1856 in an event known as "the Great Eruption". Eta Carinae became the second brightest star in the sky between 11 and 14 March 1843 before fading well below naked eye visibility. 

It has brightened since about 1940, peaking above magnitude 4.5 in 2014. Eta Carinae is circumpolar south of latitude 30°S, so it is never seen north of latitude 30°N.

System and properties
This stellar system is currently one of the most massive that can be studied in detail. Until recently, Eta Carinae was thought to be the most massive single star, but in 2005 it was proved to be a binary system. The most massive star in the Eta Carinae multiple star system probably has more than 100 times the mass of the Sun. There are other massive stars which are known to be more luminous and are more massive.
Stars like Eta Carinae produce over a million times as much light as the Sun. They are quite rare — only a few dozen are present in a galaxy the size of the Milky Way. They are assumed to be near or over the Eddington limit. That means the outward pressure of their radiation is almost strong enough to counteract gravity. Stars over 120 solar masses exceed the Eddington limit, and their gravity is barely strong enough to hold in their radiation and gas.

Eta Carinae's chief significance for astrophysics is its giant eruption, which was observed around 1843. In a few years, Eta Carinae produced almost as much visible light as a supernova explosion, but it survived. It was a  'supernova impostor' or 'failed supernova'. Eta Carinae's giant eruption was the prototype for this phenomenon.

One remarkable aspect of Eta Carinae is its changing brightness. It is currently classified as a luminous blue variable (LBV) binary star due to peculiarities in its pattern of brightening and dimming.
The ionizing radiation emitted by the secondary star in Eta Carinae is the major radiation source of the system. Much of this radiation is absorbed by the primary stellar wind.

Related pages
 S Doradus

References 

Hypergiants
Anne Sexton (November 9, 1928 - October 4, 1974) was an American novelist, poetry and children's book writer. She wrote primarily about topics like mental illness and severe depression. She was born near Boston, Massachusetts. She later committed suicide by way of carbon monoxide poisoning. She was 45.

Writers who committed suicide
Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning
Writers from Massachusetts
1928 births
1974 deaths
Suicides by gas
Leerdam is a city in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. It has about 21,000 inhabitants (2016). Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Vijfheerenlanden. Until 2019, Leerdam was a municipality in the province of South Holland.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Cities in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of South Holland
Vijfheerenlanden
Khmer might mean:

Anything to do with the Khmer people, an ethnic group in Cambodia
Khmer language
Khmer Rouge
Helen Twelvetrees (December 25, 1908 - February 13, 1958) was an American movie and stage actress. She acted in many stage plays from the 1920s to the early 1950s. Twelvetrees was born in Brooklyn, New York. She killed herself by using sedative drugs.

People who committed suicide
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
1908 births
1958 deaths
Tribadism is a lesbian sexual act in which a woman rubs her vulva against her partner's vulva or another part of her partner's body for sexual stimulation. It is also known as scissoring, a sex position in which the women intertwine their legs and rub their vulvas together, or as tribading or tribbing.

References

Sexual acts
A federal monarchy is a federation of states with a single monarch as overall head of the federation, but also having lesser monarchs, or a republican system of government, in the various states joined to the federation. An example is Malaysia.

Monarchy
Geniocracy is a kind of government.  In this system, very intelligent people, geniuses, control the country. Supporters of this kind of government believe that if the smartest people rule, it will be good for the people. Scientists and sociologists would run the country using their good ideas.

Intelligence
Forms of government
A democratic republic is the idea which combines both republicanism and democracy. This means that people can take part in the decisions that affect the way their community is run. There is no monarch. The country could be a presidential, semi-presidential or parliamentary. 

Many countries consider themselves democratic republics. Many of these countries  are dictatorships where elections are rigged in various ways. For example, in Eastern Europe, countries had Soviet troops stationed after WWII. Elections were organized so that the electorate had no real choice. The consequence of this is that "democratic republic" has become a synonym for "dictatorship".
Various countries 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria 
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 
Somali Democratic Republic 
Democratic Republic of Vietnam 
People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 
Democratic Republic of Georgia 
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 
Lao People's Democratic Republic 
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 
German Democratic Republic (now defunct)
Democratic Kampuchea 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 
People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste 
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe

 

Forms of government
Democracy
Mob rule is sometimes called ochlocracy or mobocracy. There is sometimes no legal government, and mobs of people decide whatever they want. It is government by a mob (crowd of people). In this system, the mob becomes the ruler or dominant force in society. Actually, it is rare for a whole country to be under mob rule. More frequent is for part of the country to overthrow its leaders and be for a time without a government. Parts of a country may try to secede (break off) from the country. That has been quite common in certain parts of the world.
Mobs do have leaders, who make speeches complaining about what is wrong, and what they want instead of the legal government. Sometimes mods succeed in taking over the whole country (Russian revolution), sometimes they fail because the government succeeds in using force to stop them. The British decision to ban the trade of slaves (William Wilberforce) was fiercely resisted by the people who made money out of the trade. Slave trade mobs attacked the homes of people known to support abolition.

Related pages
 Populism

Forms of government
Political systems
Demarchy is a political system based on many decision-making groups that deal with specific functions in a given area (transport, parks, land use, etc.) The members that make up each group are chosen randomly every year. Democracy in Athens used this method to appoint officials.

This system is advantageous because it can not be influenced by pressure groups, media and others. In demarchy "political machines" or special preparation of candidates are not important because nobody can predict who will be in government next.

Political systems
Some countries have compulsory voting, which requires citizens to register to vote and to go to their polling place or vote on election day. If the voter does not attend a polling place, they may be subject to punishment such as fines or community service.

Discrimination
Voting
The Mark Of Athena is the third book of the Heroes of Olympus series by Rick Riordan. In this book, the perspective of the story moves between Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Leo Valdez, Jason Grace, and Piper McLean. All of the seven demigods appear in this book.
Percy Jackson and the Olympians
2012 books
Sarah Kane (3 February 1971 – 20 February 1999) was an English playwright. Her writings dealt with the themes of desire, pain, love, torture and death. Her five plays are Blasted (1995), Phaedra's Love (1996), Cleansed (1998), Crave (1998) and 4.48 Psychosis (2000). In 1995, she wrote the screenplay for the short movie Skin. She also wrote two newspaper articles for The Guardian.

Kane was born in Brentwood, Essex. She was raised by evangelical parents. A Christian in her early life, Kane later became an atheist. She was a lesbian.

Kane was depressed for years during her life. On 20 February 1999, she killed herself at King's College Hospital in Camberwell, London, by hanging herself with her shoelaces. She was 28. She had earlier been taken to the same hospital after overdosing on prescription drugs on 17 February.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

1971 births
1999 deaths
English atheists
English LGBT people
English novelists
English playwrights
English screenwriters
Lesbians
People from Brentwood, Essex
Suicides by hanging in the United Kingdom
Writers from Essex
Writers who committed suicide
Belshazzar is a king of Babylonia in the Book of Daniel. He is the son of Nebuchadnezzar and is killed by Darius the Mede.
His banquet is the subject of a painting by Rembrandt.

Other websites
Belshazzar's Feast

Old Testament people
Neo-Babylonian kings
Sharon Epatha Merkerson (the middle name is pronounced ee-pay-thuh), known as S. Epatha Merkerson, is an American actress. She was born on November 28, 1952. She is best known as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren in the Law & Order television series. She was on Law & Order from 1993 until it stopped airing new episodes in 2010, and she was in 391 episodes. This was more than any other actor on the show.

She has won a Golden Globe, an Emmy award, an Obie Award, four NAACP Image Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.

References

Actors from Michigan
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
1952 births
Living people
People from Saginaw, Michigan
Law & Order: Criminal Intent is an American television show that was on NBC from September 30, 2001, to June 26, 2011. It was the second spin-off of Law & Order (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit was the first one). It ran on NBC for the first six seasons, and then it moved to USA Network for the last four seasons. NBC did this to save money.

2001 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime television series
NBC network shows
Television series set in New York City
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Dann Florek (born May 1, 1950) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Police Captain Donald Cragen in both the Law & Order and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit television series. He was on Law & Order for the first three years of the show, and has been on Special Victims Unit since it began.

1950 births
American television actors
Living people
Law & Order: Trial by Jury is  an American legal television show. It was a spin-off of the police/legal drama Law & Order. It is the third spin-off of Law & Order, after Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Law & Order: Criminal Intent. It aired on NBC from March 3, 2005 to January 21, 2006.

The show focused mostly on the criminal trial of the accused. It showed the prosecution's and defense's preparation for the trial, as well as the trial itself. Things such as jury selection and deliberations in the jury room that were rarely shown on Law & Order were the focus of this show.

Other websites

Law & Order: Trial by Jury at the Internet Movie Database

2000s American drama television series
American crime television series
2005 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
NBC network shows
Television series set in New York City
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Law & Order: LA is an American police procedural and legal drama television series set in Los Angeles. It was the fourth spin-off of Law & Order. It ran on NBC from October 18, 2010 to July 11, 2011. It is the only American Law & Order show to be set outside of New York City.

Law & Order: LA followed the same format as Law & Order. The show was adapted to fit the Los Angeles criminal justice system.

Other websites

Law & Order: LA at the Internet Movie Database

2010 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
2010s American television series
American crime drama television series
Legal television series
NBC network shows
Television series set in Los Angeles
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Tesla, Inc. is a company based in Austin, Texas which makes electric cars. It was started in 2003 by Martin Eberhard, Dylan Stott, and Elon Musk (who also co-founded PayPal and SpaceX and is the CEO of SpaceX). Eberhard no longer works there. Today, Elon Musk is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). It started selling its first car, the Roadster in 2008.

The Tesla name originally comes from Nikola Tesla. He was an inventor who worked with electricity, electric cars and many other ideas along with Thomas Edison a century earlier. The company was formerly known as Tesla Motors, Inc. and changed its name to Tesla, Inc. in February 2017.

The company operates in two segments, Automotive, and Energy Generation and Storage. The Automotive segment offers electric vehicles, as well as sells automotive regulatory credits. It provides sedans and sport utility vehicles through direct and used vehicle sales, a network of Tesla Superchargers, and in-app upgrades; and purchase financing and leasing services.
The Energy Generation and Storage segment engages in the design, manufacture, installation, sale, and leasing of solar energy generation and energy storage products, and related services to residential, commercial, and industrial customers and utilities through its website, stores, and galleries, as well as through a network of channel partners. This segment also offers service and repairs to its energy product customers, including under warranty; and various financing options to its solar customers.

Roadster 

There were some test cars built from 2004 to 2007, but regular production started in 2008. From then until the end of 2011, they sold 2,150 Tesla Roadsters to customers in 31 countries. It sold for about $100,000 dollars, but it was very fast ( in 3.9 seconds) and could go a long way before the batteries needed to be recharged.
One big problem of electric cars compared to cars that run on gasoline is that most electric cars could not go very far before needing to be recharged. A gasoline car can often go  before needing more fuel, but most electric cars could not go over  on a charge (EV-1, RAV4-EV, etc.). The Roadster could go  on a single charge. On February 6, 2018, SpaceX Falcon Heavy sent Elon Musk's Roadster into a Solar orbit.

Model S 

The Model S replaces the Roadster. It is sold with different battery sizes – for $58,750 it can go . The top end can go  on a charge and with all the extras can cost $100,000. The 2013 Model S was named the Motor Trend Car of the Year, the 2013 Car of the Year by Automobile Magazine and the 2013 World Green Car at the New York International Auto Show.  It has a lower drag coefficient than a Toyota Prius, so it uses less energy to push the air out of the way as it moves.
As of 2019, the 2019 Tesla Model S can go up to an EPA rated  on a single charge. In 2020, this range was made longer, at .

Model X 

The Model X is a mid-sized, all-electric, luxury, crossover utility vehicle (CUV) made by Tesla, Inc. that uses falcon wing doors for access to the second and third row seats. The prototype was unveiled at Tesla's design studios in Hawthorne on February 9, 2012. The Model X has an official EPA rated  range and the combined fuel economy equivalent and energy consumption for the AWD P90D was rated at .

Model 3