Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Elijah Eugene Cummings (January 18, 1951 – October 17, 2019) was an American politician and civil rights activist. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for  from 1996 until his death in 2019.  Before, he was in the Maryland House of Delegates. He was a member of the Democratic Party and chair of the Committee on Oversight and Reform.

Cummings had surgery to fix his aortic valve in May 2017 and two months later he developed a surgery-related infection. Cummings was later hospitalized for a knee infection. 

On October 17, 2019, Cummings died at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 68.

References

1951 births
2019 deaths
American civil rights activists
United States representatives from Maryland
Politicians from Baltimore
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Morton Leon Mandel (September 19, 1921 – October 16, 2019) was an American business magnate, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He founded the Premier Automotive Supply Company in 1940. It later became one of the world's leading industrial parts and electronic distributors. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Mandel died on October 16, 2019 in Florida at the age of 98.

References

Other websites
The Mandel Foundation Contributes $25 Million To The New Bezalel Campus
Mandel earns degree 74 years after first enrolling
Cooper-Hewitt Receives $10 Million From Morton and Barbara Mandel Family Foundation
American Academy of Arts and Sciences Honors Morton Mandel 

1921 births
2019 deaths
Philanthropists from Ohio
American military personnel of World War II
Businesspeople from Cleveland
Francisco Guterres, popularly known as Lú-Olo (born 7 September 1954) is an East Timorese politician. He was the 6th President of East Timor from 2017 to 2022. He lost re-election to former President José Ramos-Horta in 2022.

References

1955 births
Living people
Presidents of East Timor
The President of East Timor, officially the President of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (, ), is the head of state in East Timor.

The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. Their powers are somewhat limited, though they are able to veto legislation. Following elections, the president usually appoints as the prime minister, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition.

List of presidents of East Timor

Key
Political parties
 
 
 

Other factions
 

Symbols
  Assassinated

Presidents of East Timor during War for Independence

Presidents of the Democratic Republic of East Timor

References
Vicente da Silva Guterres (born 22 January 1956) is an East Timorese politician. He is a member of the National Parliament of East Timor and its Vice-President since 2007.

He was elected President of the National Parliament without opposition in July 2012.

References

1956 births
Living people
Presidents of East Timor
Francisco Xavier do Amaral (3 December 1937 – 6 March 2012) was an East Timorese politician. Amaral was sworn in as the first President of East Timor when the country, then a Portuguese colony, made a unilateral declaration of independence on 28 November 1975. 

He was a member of the National Parliament for the Timorese Social Democratic Association from 2001 until his death.

References

1937 births
2012 deaths
Presidents of East Timor
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (24 May 1946 – 31 December 1978) was an East-Timorese politician and national hero.

Lobato was the 1st Prime Minister of East Timor from 28 November to 7 December 1975.

On 31 December 1978, Lobato was ambushed by Indonesian special forces and was killed after being shot in the stomach.

References

1946 births
1978 deaths
Assassinated people
Deaths by firearm
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Presidents of East Timor
The Prime Minister of Timor-Leste (, ) is the head of government in East Timor. The President is the head of state and appoints the Prime Minister.

List of prime ministers of East Timor
Political parties
 
 
 

Other factions

Prime Minister of East Timor during War for Independence

Prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of East Timor
Rui Maria de Araújo (born 21 May 1964) is an East Timorese politician. He was the Prime Minister of East Timor from 2015 to 2017. He is a member of Fretilin.

He was Minister of Health from 2001 to 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2006 to 2007.

References

1964 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Mari bin Amude Alkatiri, GCIH ( ) (born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 and again from September 2017 until May 2018. He is the Secretary-General of the Fretilin party, as well as President of the Special Administrative Region of Oecusse.

References

1949 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Estanislau da Conceição Aleixo Maria da Silva (born 4 August 1952) is an East Timorese politician. He was a key member of the Fretilin. He was the 4th Prime Minister from May 2007 to August 2007.

He was re-elected to a seat in parliament in the June 2007 parliamentary election as the ninth name on Fretilin's candidate list.

References

1952 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Saroja Ramamrutham (Tamil: சரோஜா ராமாமிருதம், 28 January 1931 – 14 October 2019), better known by her screen name Baby Saroja, was an Indian actress. She was known for her roles as a child actor in Tamil movies of the late 1930s. She was known as the "Shirley Temple of India" due to her popularity. Her best known roles were Balayogini (1937), Thyagabhoomi (1939) and Kamadhenu (1941).

Saroja died on 14 October 2019 at her Chennai home at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
 

1931 births
2019 deaths
Indian movie actors
Anke Fuchs (5 July 1937 – 14 October 2019) was a German lawyer and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She was Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health in 1982 and as Vice President of the Bundestag from 1998 through 2002. From 2003 until 2010, she was the President of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Fuchs was born in Hamburg.

Fuchs died on 14 October 2019 Wilhelmshaven, Germany at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
 

1937 births
2019 deaths
German lawyers
Politicians from Hamburg
Khenpo Karma Tharchin Rinpoche (3 April 1924 – 6 October 2019), widely known Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, was a senior lama of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was abbot of Karma Triyana Dharmachakra (KTD) Monastery in Woodstock, New York from 1976 until his death in 2019. He was born in Kham, Tibet.

Rinpoche died at his home in Woodstock on 6 October 2019 at the age of 95.

References

Other websites
KTD web site: Biography of Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche 
Snow Lion Publications: Biography of Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche 

1924 births
2019 deaths
Educators
Tibetan Buddhist lamas
Louis Frey Jr. (January 11, 1934 – October 14, 2019) was an American politician and radio personality. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1969 until 1979. He represented Florida's 5th district from 1969 to 1973 and the 9th district from 1973 to 1979. He ran unsuccessfully in 1978 for the Republican nomination for governor.

Frey died under hospice care in Winter Park, Florida from dementia-related problems on October 14, 2019 at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American radio personalities
American political commentators
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from New Jersey
People from Rutherford, New Jersey
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 18,061.

References

Boroughs in Bergen County, New Jersey
John Donald Fuqua (born August 20, 1933) is an American Democratic politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 9th district from 1963 through 1967 and 2nd district from 1967 through 1987.

References

Other websites
 

1933 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from Jacksonville, Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
William Dawson "Bill" Gunter Jr. (born July 16, 1934) is an American politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Gunter was a member of the Democratic Party. Gunter represented Florida in the United States House of Representatives from the 5th district from 1973 through 1975.

From 1976 through 1989, Gunter was Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner, and Fire Marshal of Florida. He unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic rally for the United States Senate three times, all were failed candidacies.

References

1934 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from Jacksonville, Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Bohdan Butenko (8 February 1931 – 14 October 2019) was a Polish cartoonist, illustrator, comic book writer and artist, as well as puppet designer. He was born in Bydgoszcz, Poland. 

His known works include the comic series Kwapiszon, Gapiszon cartoons, as well as Gucio i Cezar comics (written by Krystyna Boglar). He published his cartoons in numerous children's magazines, such as Płomyk, Płomyczek, Miś, Świerszczyk, as well as the magazines Szpilki and Przekrój, and illustrated many  children's books.

Butenko died in Warsaw on 14 October 2019 at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Cartoonists
Illustrators
Polish writers
Comics artists
Richard William Huckle (14 May 1986 – 13 October 2019) was a convicted British serial sex offender. He was arrested by Britain's National Crime Agency and convicted of 71 counts of serious sexual assaults against children while posing as a teacher, photographer and devout Christian in Malaysia. He was born in Ashford, Kent.

Huckle was seen as one of Britain's worst ever paedophiles, despite being only 28 years old at the time of his arrest. On 6 June 2016, he was given 22 life sentences with a minimum prison term of 25 years before being eligible to apply for parole.

On 13 October 2019, Huckle was stabbed to death in his cell at HMP Full Sutton in East Riding of Yorkshire at the age of 33.

References

1986 births
2019 deaths
Deaths by beating
Murders by blade weapons
People murdered in the United Kingdom
People who died in prison custody
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
British sex offenders
British people convicted of assault
Murdered criminals
People from Kent
Charles Alexander Jencks (21 June 1939 – 13 October 2019) was an American cultural theorist, landscape designer and architectural historian. He was the co-founder of the Maggie’s Cancer Care Centres. He published over thirty books and became famous in the 1980s as theorist of Postmodernism. His works include Garden of Cosmic Speculation and earthworks at Jupiter Artland outside Edinburgh. His continuing project Crawick Multiverse, commissioned by the Duke of Buccleuch, opened in 2015 near Sanquhar.

Jencks was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died at the age of 80 on 13 October 2019 in London of cancer.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in London
American historians
American architects
American critics
Writers from Baltimore
Adolfo Mexiac (August 7, 1927 – October 13, 2019) was a Mexican graphic artist. He was known for his politically and socially themed work, especially with the Taller de Gráfica Popular. He also painted several murals, the most important of which deals with the history of human law at the University of Colima.

In 2011, a “national homage” was held for the artist at the Museo de la Estampa in Mexico City. He was born in Cuto de la Esperanza, Michoacán.

Mexiac died on October 13, 2019 in Mexico City at the age of 92.

References

Mexican artists
1927 births
2019 deaths
Bergamot essential oil is an essential oil produced by cells inside the rind (peel) of a bergamot orange fruit. 

The oil is a common  scent in perfumes. It is used in Earl Grey tea blends as flavoring. The scent of bergamot essential oil is similar to a sweet light orange peel oil with a floral note.

References 

Oils
Serbo-Croatian is the name of a South Slavic language, which is spoken in modern-day Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, it has been divided into four variants. The variants of this language are all based on a single dialect, Shtokavian. Speakers of these variants all understand each other.

History
Between 1954 and 1992, it was one of the official languages of Yugoslavia (the others were Slovenian and Macedonian). The term Serbo-Croatian was first used in the 1830s. Today, people often speak about Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin languages. Research has also shown that what is called Serbo-Croatian language, is in fact a number of slightly different sub-dialects. People speaking one of the dialects easily understand other people speaking a different dialect. People in Croatia use the Latin alphabet to write the language, while people in other parts use both Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.

Comparison of Serbo-Croatian languages

References
References

Slavic languages
Serbia
Montenegro
Kosovo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Languages of Croatia
Slovenia
The Iranian toman (; from Mongolian tomen 'unit of ten thousand'), is the superunit of the official currency used in Iran, the rial. One toman is equal to ten rials. Even though the rial is the official currency, Iranians use the toman daily.

In the beginning, the toman consisted of 10,000 dinars. Between 1798 and 1825, the toman was split into eight rials, each of 1,250 dinars. In 1825, the qiran was introduced. The qiran was worth 1,000 dinars or one-tenth of a toman.

References 

Currency of Asia
History of Mongolia
History of Persia
Vasim Mammadaliyev (; August 27, 1942 – October 13, 2019) was an Azerbaijani scientist of oriental studies. He was the dean of theology faculty at Baku State University, chairman of a cathedra of Arabic philology and full member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.

References

Other websites
 Al-Quran  Project includes Vasim Mammadaliyev and Ziya Bunyadov Azerbaijani Quran translation.

Azerbaijani academics
1942 births
2019 deaths
Theologians
Information economics is a branch of economics that studies how information and information systems affect an economy. 

Information is not like normal physical products. It influences many decisions but it is  hard to trust. It is easy to create and to spread but hard to control. 

Subfields of economics
Web software
Ángel Pérez García (16 October 1957 – 17 October 2019) was a Spanish footballer. He was born in Madrid. He played as a defender, and was a manager. García played for Real Madrid from 1980 through 1982. From 1985 through 1991, he played for Real Murcia.

García died on 17 October 2019 in Madrid of cancer, a day after his 62nd birthday.

References

Other websites

1957 births
2019 deaths
Spanish football managers
Cancer deaths in Spain
Sportspeople from Madrid
Spanish footballers
Robert Gibson "Bob" Kingsley (March 19, 1939 – October 17, 2019) was an American country music radio personality. He was host of the nationally syndicated programs American Country Countdown (ACC) from 1978 to 2005 and Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40 from 2006 until his death. In 2010, Kingsley was nominated and added for the National Radio Hall of Fame.

On October 9, 2019, Kingsley was diagnosed with bladder cancer. He died from the disease at his home in Weatherford, Texas a week later on October 17 at the age of 80.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Cancer deaths in Texas
American radio personalities
Entertainers from Texas
Baldwin Street, in Dunedin, New Zealand was the steepest street in the world. In 1987, Guinness World Records said it was the steepest. It is in the suburb of North East Valley. It is  northeast of Dunedin's central business district.

On 16 July 2019, Ffordd Pen Llech in Wales, became the world's steepest street. Baldwin Street's gradient is 35%, and Ffordd Pen Llech's gradient is 37.45%.

References

Other websites

 Baldwin Street  (Deutsch)
 Map of Baldwin Street (from Wises Maps)
 Baldwin Street in Google Street View

Roads
Transport in New Zealand
David Charles Hahn (October 30, 1976 – September 27, 2016) was an American who attempted to build a homemade neutron source at the age of 17. He is sometimes called the "Radioactive Boy Scout" or the "Nuclear Boy Scout".

He was a scout in the Boy Scouts of America. Hahn did his experiments without anyone knowing. He did them in a backyard shed at his mother's house in Commerce Township, Michigan. While he never actually was able to build a reactor (what he built was a neutron source), Hahn got the attention of local police when he was stopped for a different reason. The police found things in his vehicle that troubled them. He warned that it was radioactive. His mother's property was cleaned up by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ten months later as a Superfund cleanup site. Hahn attained Eagle Scout rank shortly after his lab was dismantled.

Background
Hahn was born in Royal Oak, Michigan.
Creation of the neutron source
Hahn was a Boy Scout. He was interested in chemistry. He spent years doing amateur chemistry experiments. Those experiments sometimes made small explosions. He was inspired by reading The Golden Book of Chemistry Experiments, and he tried to get samples of every element in the periodic table. This included the radioactive ones. He later received a merit badge in Atomic Energy. He became interested with the idea of building a breeder reactor in his home. Hahn got a lot of radioactive material by collecting small amounts from household products. It included things such as americium from smoke detectors, thorium from camping lantern mantles, radium from clocks, and tritium from gunsights. His "reactor" was a bored-out block of lead, and he used lithium from $1,000 worth of bought batteries to purify the thorium ash using a Bunsen burner.
On April 23, 2007, the FBI heard that Hahn may have a second breeder reactor in his freezer. The FBI contacted him via telephone. Hahn said that he did not have any radioactive material. The FBI decided he was not a terrorist threat. However, they decided to do a personal interview. During a May 16, 2007 interview at an FBI office, investigators asked Hahn about flyers that he had sent out promoting his book and upcoming film. They also asked about him stealing tires and rims from a vehicle before he joined Navy service. They also asked him about a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. FBI agents then interviewed a person (whose name was not given) who said that Hahn was using cocaine a lot. They also said he was not taking his prescribed medication, and that he was paranoid of people that he claimed "had the ability to 'shock' his genitals with their minds". They also said he had possibly been visited by prostitutes
. The person also said that he believed that Hahn was still trying to build a reactor, and that Hahn was collecting radium. He said that he did not believe Hahn wanted to hurt anyone, but was worried for his mental health.
Larceny of smoke detectors
In Clinton Township, Michigan on August 1, 2007, Hahn was charged with larceny for removing many smoke detectors from the halls of his apartment building. He wanted to get americium from them. In his mug shot, his face is covered with sores. Investigators believe those sores could be from being near radioactive things, psoriasis, or possible drug use.

Death
Hahn died on September 27, 2016. He was 39 years old. Hahn died in his hometown of Shelby Charter Township, Michigan. His death was accidental and due to intoxication from the combined effects of alcohol, diphenhydramine, and fentanyl.

References

More reading
 An analysis is given of some of Hahn's work by Ghiorso, who has been involved in the discovery of about a dozen transuranium elements.

2016 deaths
1976 births
People from Royal Oak, Michigan
George Meredith (12 February 1828  18 May 1909) was a Victorian poet and novelist who wrote about Women’s rights and was known for his theories about comedy.

1828 births
1909 deaths
British poets
A minor character is a fictional character in a book, movie or television series who either does not appear very often or is not very important. The story can continue without the minor characters. 

Fictional characters
ita bags or "It bags" began mostly after the Second World War. They became popular and more common in the 1990s. The idea was led by the famous fashion houses, such as Hermès, Chanel, and Louis Vuitton. Their popularity was fuelled by more women having surplus money, and being competitive. Like expensive perfumes, designer bags provide a way for fashion houses to increase income by expanding their range of products. They have become an influential part of the fashion culture.

By 2008 the popularity of the "It bag" was reported to be in decline. In May 2011, although there would always be customers for expensive status bags, Celia Walden reported that the concept of the must-have "It bag" was no longer in fashion.

References

Other sources  
The Tassen Museum   is a museum of bags in Amsterdam.

Accessories
Graham Douglas Caie  is an emeritus Scottish scholar, who is vice president of ALLEA, the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities. In 2015, Graham Caie was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to Education and Research in Britain and Europe.

Education and career 
Graham Caie was born and raised in Aberdeen, Scotland and attended the Aberdeen Grammar School. He completed his MA (hons) in English at the  Aberdeen University in 1968, then obtained the degrees of MA (research) and PhD at McMaster University, Canada.
In 1972, Graham was appointed lecturer at the University of Copenhagen, where he co-founded the Centre for Medieval Studies at Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen. In 1990, he was appointed to the Chair of English Language at Glasgow University. In 2004, he was elected as a Vice President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He retired from the University of Glasgow, in 2012. In 2014, he became a member of the British Council’s Advisory Committee for Scotland.

Fellowships and honors 
 Founding Fellow of the English Association, University of Leicester
 Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
 Professorial Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
 Commander of the British Empire (CBE), 2015.
 Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), 2004

Publications
Publications 

 The Judgment Day Theme in Old English Poetry, 1976
 The Merchant's Tale: Notes, 1982
 Beowulf (York Notes), 1984
 Geoffrey Chaucer's Merchant's Tale, 1991
 The Flouer O Makarheid, 2003
 Medieval Texts in Context, 2008
 Transitional states : change, tradition, and memory in medieval literature and culture, 2018

References

Other websites 
 The Royal Society of Edinburgh

1945 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Glasgow
People from Aberdeen
The Trump–Ukraine scandal was a political scandal in the United States.  

In October 2019, a whistleblower anonymously complained that U.S. President Donald Trump, his lawyer Rudy Giuliani, and other high-ranking Trump administration members had made phone calls with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, asking him to have the Ukrainian government investigate Joe Biden, who was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic primaries at the time; as well as his son Hunter Biden in exchange for keeping U.S. military aid to Ukraine going. The complaint raised concerns that Trump was asking for other countries to interfere in the 2020 presidential election.

The controversy led to an impeachment inquiry against Trump. Because of the scandal, Trump was formally impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives on December 18, 2019. However, the Senate voted to clear Trump of charges.

References
References 

Presidency of Donald Trump
Political scandals in the United States
October 2019 events
September 2019 events
November 2019 events
Joe Biden
2020 United States presidential election
Politics of Ukraine
Edward Paul Beck (June 28, 1936 – October 16, 2019) was an American college basketball player. He was best known as the starting center and team captain of the "Fiddlin' Five," the University of Kentucky's 1958 NCAA championship team.

Beck finished his college career with 459 points scored (5.6 per game) and 783 rebounds (10.0 per game) in 78 total games.

Beck died on October 16, 2019 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
BigBlueHistory.net profile

1936 births
2019 deaths
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Kentucky
Ding Shisun (; September 5, 1927 – October 12, 2019) was a Chinese mathematician, academic administrator, and politician. He was President of Peking University during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. He was forced to resign afterwards. He later was Chairman of the China Democratic League from 1996 to 2005 and Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress. He was born in Shanghai. He attended Utopia University in Shanghai from 1944 to 1947.

Ding died on October 12, 2019 in Beijing, aged 92.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
Chinese mathematicians
Chinese academics
Politicians from Shanghai
Scientists from Shanghai
Emilio Nicolas Sr. (27 October 1930 – 12 October 2019) was a Mexican-American businessman. He worked with helping to create one of the earliest Spanish-language television stations in the United States. Nicolas created KWEX-TV in San Antonio, which became the cornerstone of the network that would later become Univision.

Nicolas Sr. died at his San Antonio, Texas home on 12 October 2019 from problems caused by progressive supranuclear palsy, aged 88.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from progressive supranuclear palsy
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Mexican businesspeople
Businesspeople from San Antonio
Hevrin Khalaf (; 15 November 1984 – 12 October 2019) was a Kurdish-Syrian politician and civil engineer. She was Secretary General of the Future Syria Party. he was known for her diplomatic skills.  Khalaf worked towards increasing tolerance and unity among Christians, Arabs, and Kurds.

Khalaf was killed by the Turkish-backed Ahrar al-Sharqiya fighters near the M4 Motorway in Northern Syria during the Turkish military operation against SDF forces in Rojava on 12 October 2019. According to The Washington Post, the killing "almost certainly constitute(d) a war crime, under international law".

References

Other websites
  Rowshan Qasim: Who is the Kurdish political leader Hevrin Khalaf?  7dnews.com, 14 October 2019

1984 births
2019 deaths
Deaths by firearm
Syrian politicians
Civil engineers
Assassinated people
Anne Veronica Maria Quayle (6 October 1932 – 16 August 2019), known professionally as Anna Quayle, was an English actress.  In 1963, she won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the original production of Stop the World – I Want to Get Off.

Her movie roles include A Hard Day's Night (1964), Smashing Time (1967), Casino Royale (1967), and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968).

Quayle was diagnosed in 2012 with Lewy body dementia. She died on 16 August 2019 at the age of 86.

References

Tony Award winning actors
1932 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
English dancers
English singers
Actors from Birmingham
Crawford Stanley (Buzz) Holling,  (December 6, 1930 – August 16, 2019) was an American-born Canadian ecologist, born in Theresa, New York. 

Holling was one of the co-founders of ecological economics. 

In 2008, he won the Volvo Environment Prize.

He was an Emeritus Eminent Scholar and Professor in Ecological Sciences at the University of Florida. 

Holling died on August 16, 2019 in Nanaimo, British Columbia at the age of 88.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
Canadian ecologists
Canadian academics
Scientists from New York (state)
People from British Columbia
University of Florida
Theresa is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,905 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Theresa La Ray, the daughter of an original landowner.

References

Towns in New York (state)
Ecological economics (also called eco-economics, ecolonomy or bioeconomics of Georgescu-Roegen) is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research about the coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems. 

By treating the economy as a system of Earth's larger ecosystem, and by the preservation of natural capital, the field of ecological economics is different from environmental economics.

References

subfields of economics
Subfields of ecology
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (born Nicolae Georgescu, 4 February 1906 – 30 October 1994) was a Romanian American mathematician, statistician and economist. He was best known today for his 1971 magnum opus The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. He was a key figure in the creation of ecological economics.

Several economists have hailed Georgescu-Roegen as a man who lived well ahead of his time, and some historians of economic thought have proclaimed the ingenuity of his work.
Other websites
 (Italian website)
 (Introduction to the interview in Spanish (Castilian), the interview itself in English)
 (Obituary)
 (A thorough account of the historical development of ecological economics, including Georgescu-Roegen's contribution)
 (A brief perspective on Georgescu-Roegen's entropy view)
 (Blog lamenting the fact that Georgescu-Roegen was never awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics)
 (Article speculating on one possible source of inspiration for the pontiff's controversial encyclical on ecological concerns)
 (Article shedding some light on 'the famous entropy pessimist')

1906 births
1994 deaths
Romanian mathematicians
American mathematicians
American economists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Nashville, Tennessee
Educators from Nashville, Tennessee
American statisticians
Meir Shamgar () (August 13, 1925 – October 18, 2019) was an Israeli general and judge. He was a member of the Irgun. He was the chief justice of the Israeli Supreme Court from 1983 to 1995. Shamgar was born in Danzig.

Shamgar died on October 18, 2019 at the age of 94.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
Chief justices
German Jews
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli generals
Israeli Jews
Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Israel
Israeli nationalists
Jewish judges
Jewish military people
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Gdańsk
Refugees from Nazism
Aharon Barak (, born Erik Brick; 16 September 1936) is an Israeli jurist. He is the Professor of Law at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya. Barak was President of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1995 to 2006. Before, he was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel (1978–95), as the Attorney General of Israel (1975–78), and as the Dean of the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1974–75).

References

1936 births
Living people
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Holocaust survivors
Israeli academics
Israeli Jews
Jewish academics
Jewish judges
Lithuanian Jews
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Kaunas
Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Israel
Christopher Messina (born August 11, 1974) is an American actor and movie director. He is known for his roles in Vicky Cristina Barcelona, Argo, Julie & Julia, Ruby Sparks, Celeste and Jesse Forever, You've Got Mail and Birds of Prey. He starred in the movie The Giant Mechanical Man. 

On television, he appeared in roles as Chris Sanchez in Damages, Reese Lansing in The Newsroom and as Danny Castellano in The Mindy Project.

References

1974 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Movie directors from New York (state)
Actors from New York (state)
Northport is a historic village in the Town of Huntington on Long Island, New York. Northport is known for its Victorian era village center, still bearing trolley rails. As of 2010, the village has a population of around 7,401.

References

Villages in New York (state)
Franklin Shea Whigham Jr. (born January 5, 1969) is an American actor. He played Elias "Eli" Thompson in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire, and also had notable supporting roles in Kong: Skull Island, Death Note, Take Shelter, the first season of True Detective, the third season of the anthology television series Fargo, and Joker.

References

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Florida
People from Tallahassee, Florida
William Camp (born October 13, 1961) is an American actor. He became famous for playing supporting roles in many movies such as Lincoln (2012), 12 Years a Slave (2013), Loving (2016), Jason Bourne (2016), Molly's Game (2017), Red Sparrow (2018), Vice (2018) and Joker (2019).

References

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Frances Hardman Conroy (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Ruth Fisher on the television series Six Feet Under. She is also known for playing multiple roles in the American Horror Story television series. In 2019, she played Penny Fleck in Joker.

References

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
1953 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
A frikandel is a Dutch fast food. It is often a snack eaten with French fries. It has the appearance of a sausage with flat ends.

Fast food
Sausage
Dutch food
Tobermory (Scottish Gaelic: Tobar Mhoire) is a town on the Isle of Mull in Scotland. It has roughly around 1,000 people. Historically the town was a fishing port.

Tobermory is well known for hosting the children's television show Balamory.

References 

Towns in Argyll and Bute
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Jambuda (Gujarati: જાંબુડા, Hindi: जांबुडा) is a small village in the Jamnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. The village has communities of Gadhavi, Rajgor Brahmin, Patels, shepherd, Charaniya and Kori.

Jambuda is about  away from Jamnagar city, and on the way to Sainik School Balachadi. Historical book Yaduvanshprakash says that Jambuda village is older than 400 years. It is considered that the village was named as Jambuda due to the large number of Java plum tree, and the heavy production of Java plum fruits. karsan pala paliya was notable personality in village.

Places 
 Chapal mata Temple
 Khodiyar mata Temple
 Kamai mata Temple
 Lakshminarayana Temple
 Yogeshwar Temple
 Kalindri River, etc.

Villages in Gujarat
John Ross Robertson (December 28, 1841 – May 31, 1918) was a Canadian newspaper publisher, politician, and philanthropy. He was from Toronto, Ontario. Between 1896 and 1900, Robertson was a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. He represented the electoral area of Toronto East.

Robertson was involved in many projects in the Toronto community. For example, he was a leader of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA). He fought very hard to make rules in amateur hockey. He is a part of the Hockey Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites
 
 

1841 births
1918 deaths
Canadian journalists
Canadian politicians
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Politicians from Toronto
MOBA is an abbreviation for "Multiplayer Online Battle Arena". League of Legends is an example of a MOBA.

Multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) is a subgenre of strategy video games that has gained immense popularity since the early 2000s. MOBAs are typically team-based games where players control a single character or unit and work together with their team to achieve a common goal.

Gameplay in MOBAs usually involves two opposing teams, each trying to destroy the other team's base while defending their own. Players must work together to defeat computer-controlled enemy units and gain experience and gold, which can be used to purchase upgrades and items for their characters.

One of the most popular MOBAs is League of Legends, which was released in 2009 and has since become one of the most played online games in the world. Other popular MOBAs include Dota 2, Smite, and Heroes of the Storm.
MOBAs require a combination of strategic thinking, quick reflexes, and teamwork to succeed. Players must communicate effectively with their teammates, manage resources, and make split-second decisions in order to gain an advantage over their opponents.

The rise of MOBAs has led to the development of professional esports leagues and tournaments, where teams of players compete for large cash prizes. The popularity of these events has helped to legitimize video gaming as a competitive sport and has brought gaming into the mainstream.

While MOBAs are known for their fast-paced, action-packed gameplay, they can also be complex and difficult to learn. Many MOBAs have extensive tutorials and learning resources to help new players get started, but it can take months or even years to become proficient at the game.
Despite the challenges, MOBAs remain one of the most popular genres in gaming, with millions of players around the world logging on to play each day. With new games and updates being released regularly, the MOBA genre shows no signs of slowing down anytime soon.

Video game genres
Nikolai Durov founded Telegram messaging service with brother Pavel Durov.

Telegram was launched in 2013 by the brothers Nikolai and Pavel Durov. Previously the pair founded the Russian social network VK, which they left when it was taken over by the Mail.ru Group. Nikolai Durov created the MTProto protocol that is the basis for the messenger, while Pavel provided financial support and infrastructure through his Digital Fortress fund with partner Axel Neff joining as a second co-founder.

1980 births
Russian computer scientists
Living people
People from Saint Petersburg
Russian businesspeople
Russian mathematicians
Truncus arteriosus  is a stage in the development of the heart.  It is the arterial trunk that starts from both ventricles of the heart. Later it divides into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

Failure of the truncus arteriosus to close results in the condition known as persistent truncus arteriosus, a rare congenital heart defect. It is a type of heart disease.

People are born with this condition. There are no cures. If not operated on at an early age people may die from this condition.

References 

Heart disease
Developmental disorders
In game theory, the Nash equilibrium is a proposed solution of a non-cooperative game having two or more players in which each player knows the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player can gain anything more by changing only their own strategy. The equilibrium is named after John Forbes Nash Jr..

If each player has chosen, and no player can win anything more by choosing a different strategy for themselves, then they have a Nash equilibrium.

References

Game theory
General Order No. 11 is the name of a Union Army order given on August 25, 1863 during the American Civil War. It forced people from rural areas in four counties in western Missouri to leave. The order, given by Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., affected all rural people regardless of whether they liked the Union or the Confederacy. Those who could prove their loyalty for the Union were allowed to stay in the affected area. However, they still had to leave their farms and move to towns near military outposts. Those who could not show prove their loyalty had to leave the area.

More than 140 years later, towns affected by General Order No. 11 are still less developed than their neighbors.

References

Other websites
Historic Lone Jack
Missouri Partisan Ranger 
"Order No. 11 and the Civil War on the Border" by Albert Castel 

American Civil War
Politics
In 2016, the editorial board endorsed a presidential candidate, Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, for the third time since the magazine's creation. This was to rebuke Republican Donald Trump's candidacy. After the election, the magazine has become a strong critic of President Trump. The March 2019 cover article by editor Yoni Appelbaum formally calls for the impeachment of Donald Trump: "It's time for Congress to judge the president's fitness to serve."

References

Other websites

 
 "A History of The Atlantic"
 The Atlantic archival writings by topic
 Online archive of The Atlantic (earliest issues up to December 1901)
 Hathi Trust. Atlantic Monthly digitized issues, 1857–

1857 establishments in the United States
American magazines
Wishbone Ash are a British rock band. They started in Torquay, England in 1969. They were most popular in the 1970s. The first and main members were Martin Turner (bass and vocals), Steve Upton (drums), Andy Powell (guitar and vocals) and Ted Turner (guitar and vocals). After Ted Turner left the group in 1974, Laurie Wisefield became the new guitarist. Since then, the group have had many different members. Only Andy Powell is still in the band.

They are well known as one of the first bands to use two lead guitars in hard rock. This inspired bands like Iron Maiden. Their most popular album is Argus (1972), which got up to number 3 on the UK Albums Chart in 1972.

Albums
Albums

 Wishbone Ash (1970)
 Pilgrimage (1971)
 Argus (1972)
 Wishbone Four (1973)
 There's the Rub (1974)
 Locked In (1976)
 New England (1976)
 Front Page News (1977)
 No Smoke Without Fire (1978)
 Just Testing (1980)
 Number the Brave (1981)
 Twin Barrels Burning (1982)
 Raw to the Bone (1985)
 Nouveau Calls (1987)
 Here to Hear (1989)
 Strange Affair (1991)
 Illuminations (1996)
 Trance Visionary (1997) (electronic re-recordings)
 Psychic Terrorism (1998) (electronic re-recordings)
 Bare Bones (1999) (acoustic re-recordings)
 Bona Fide (2002)
 Clan Destiny (2006)
 Power of Eternity (2007)
 Elegant Stealth (2011)
 Blue Horizon (2014)
 Coat of Arms (2020)

References 

1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English hard rock bands
1960s British music groups
1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
Michael Kwame Finnegan (born Michael Myvett; ) is a Belizean politician and hoster. He is a member of the United Democratic Party (UDP). He is currently Minister of Housing and Urban Development in Prime minister, Dean Barrow's Cabinet since 14 February 2008.

1951 births
Belizean politicians
Living people
James Johnston Blanchard (born August 8, 1942) is an American politician. He is a Democrat. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 through 1983, as the 45th Governor of Michigan from 1983 through 1991, and as United States Ambassador to Canada from 1993 through 1995.

Other websites
 The Governor James J. Blanchard Living Library Of Michigan Political History

1942 births
Living people
Governors of Michigan
United States representatives from Michigan
Ambassadors of the United States to Canada
Politicians from Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
David Weisman (March 11, 1942 – October 9, 2019) was an American movie director, producer, author, and graphic artist. He was known for directing the movie Ciao! Manhattan and for producing Kiss of the Spider Woman. Weisman was born in Binghamton, New York.

Weisman died on October 9, 2019 of problems caused by the West Nile virus at a Los Angeles hospital, aged 77.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from West Nile virus
Infectious disease deaths in Los Angeles
American artists
Movie directors from New York (state)
Movie producers from New York (state)
Screenwriters from New York (state)
People from Binghamton, New York
Bernard Fisher, MD, FACS (August 23, 1918 – October 16, 2019) was an American surgeon. He was known for his works in the biology and treatment of breast cancer. 

He was Chairman of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. His work helped spot that early-stage breast cancer could be treated better by lumpectomy, in combination with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or hormonal therapy, than by radical mastectomy. suiiiii

References

1918 births
2019 deaths
American physicians
American centenarians
Scientists from Pittsburgh
Nils Göran David Malmqvist (6 June 1924 – 17 October 2019) was a Swedish linguist, literary historian, sinologist and translator. He worked for seven years at the Australian National University in Canberra during the 1950s.

During the 1970s, he was also working on the translation of the over thousand page picaresque novel Shui Hu zhuan. The Swedish title is Berättelser från träskmarkerna (Tales from the swamps) and the work appeared in four volumes between 1976 and 1979.

Malmqvist was elected to the Swedish Academy on 11 April 1985 and admitted on 20 December 1985.
Bibliography
Det förtätade ögonblicket: T’ang-lyrik (1965)
Problems and methods in Chinese linguistics (1964)
Han phonology and textual criticism (1963)
Gunnar Martins samling av kinesisk och japansk litteratur (1947)
111 nykinesiska satsmönster (1973)
Nykinesisk grammatik (1973)
Kinesiska är inte svårt (1974)
Nykinesisk fonetik (1974)
Nykinesiska satsmönster (1981)
Vägar till Kina: Göran Malmqvist 60 år (1984)
Henry Olsson: Inträdestal i Svenska akademien (1985)
Bernhard Karlgren: Ett forskarporträtt (1995)
Nio röster från Taiwan: Modern kinesisk poesi (1999)
Haiku för ros och oros skull (2002)
Strövtåg i svunna tider (2005)
Guldfisken som älskar att sjunga Mozart (2013)

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Swedish writers
Swedish historians
Swedish educators
European translators
Swedish linguists
Nicolás Díaz Sánchez (August 10, 1929 – October 18, 2019) was a Chilean politician and cardiologist. He was a member of the Christian Democrat Party of Chile (PDC). From 1963 through 1964 and again from 1967 through 1968, he was Mayor of Rancagua. 

He died on October 18, 2019 in Rancagua at the age of 90.

References

1929 births
2019 deaths
Chilean mayors
Chilean physicians
Horace Romano Harré (; 18 December 1927 – 18 October 2019), known widely as Rom Harré, was a New Zealand-born British philosopher and psychologist. 

He taught mathematics at King's College, Auckland (1948–53) and the University of Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan (1953–4). From 2009 until 2011 he was Director Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science at the London School of Economics.

His written works were about philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, ontology, psychology, social psychology, sociology and philosophy.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
New Zealand scientists
British philosophers
British physiologists
Mark Vincent Hurd (January 1, 1957 – October 18, 2019) was an American businessman. He was co-CEO and a member of the board of directors of Oracle Corporation. He was Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and president of Hewlett-Packard, before resigning in 2010.

He was also on the Board of Directors of Globality and was a member of the Technology CEO Council and board of directors of News Corporation until 2010.

In September 2019, Hurd went on medical leave for health reasons. Hurd died on October 18, 2019 at the age of 62.

References

1957 births
2019 deaths
Businesspeople from New York City
Rui Manuel Trindade Jordão (; 9 August 1952 – 18 October 2019) was a Portuguese footballer. He played with Benfica and Sporting for most of his career. He won the Silver Ball award twice, once with each team.

Jordão represented the Portugal national team for 16 years from 1972 through 1989.

Jordão died on 18 October, 2019 while at a hospital in Cascais, Portugal due to heart disease at the age of 67.

References

1952 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Portugal
Deaths from heart disease
Portuguese footballers
Portugal at UEFA Euro 1984