Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Belgian Federal Parliament is a bicameral parliament.  It has the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate. It sits in the Palace of the Nation.

Chamber of Representatives 
The number of seats in the Chamber is 150.  They are elected from 11 districts. The districts are divided along linguistic lines: 5 Flemish (79 seats), 5 Walloon (49 seats), and the bilingual district of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde (22 seats). 

To be elected a person must be at least 21 years old, have Belgium citizenship, and live in Belgium.

Senate 
Till the general elections of 2014, the Senate had 71 members. There were four categories of senators: directly elected senators, community senators, co-opted senators and senators by right. Co-opted senators were 10 representatives elected by the first two groups of senators. Senators by right were the children of the current monarch.

Since 2014, the Senate has 60 members. There are only two categories of senators: community senators (50) and co-opted senators (10).
Eligibility requirements for the Senate are the same as for the Chamber.

Government of Belgium
National legislatures
Bicameral legislatures
The AFC U-23 Asian Cup is a football competition between the best international under-23 teams in Asia. It is ran by the Asian Football Confederation. The teams are selected based on good performances in the qualification matches.

Format
The competition format in the 2013 tournament is:

 Sixteen teams will play in the final tournament, including the hosts who automatically qualify.
 Teams are seeded based on the result of the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship.
 Three or four stadiums in at most two cities will be needed to host the tournament.

The host country will be rotated by regions: the region for the first tournament will be decided by draw.

Results

References

 
2011 establishments in Asia
Francesco Maria Piave (18 May 1810 – 5 March 1876) was an Italian writer. He wrote the librettos (the story and words) for many operas. He is most famous for the librettos he wrote for operas composed by Giuseppe Verdi.

Life
Piave was born in Murano, an island in Venice. At first, he studied to be a Catholic priest. He stopped studying to be a priest and went to Rome. In Rome, he studied philosophy and writing. He wrote poems and stories for newspapers  but he is most famous for his opera librettos. He wrote more than 60 librettos. The first one was for Giovanni Pacini's opera,  in 1842. In 1844, he wrote the libretto for Verdi's opera Ernani. Piave and Verdi became very good friends, For twenty years, they wrote many letters to each other. Piave wrote nine more opera librettos for Verdi. The last libretto he wrote for him was .
Piave also worked as a stage director (someone who decides how plays and operas are performed). He worked as a stage director for the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. Later (1859), he worked as a stage director at La Scala in Milan.  In 1867, Piave had a stroke (a problem in the brain caused by lack of blood). He lived for eight more years, but he could not move or speak. Verdi gave money to help Piave's wife and family. In 1876, Piave died in Milan. Verdi paid for his funeral.

Piave's librettos for Giuseppe Verdi
Ernani (1844)
(1844)
Attila (1846)
Macbeth (1847)
 (1848)
 (1850)
Rigoletto (1851)
La traviata (1853)
Simon Boccanegra (1857)
La forza del destino (1862)

Sources
Budden, Julian (2008). Verdi, 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.   
. "Piave, Francesco Maria". Treccani 
Phillips-Matz,  Mary Jane (1993). Verdi: A Biography. Oxford University Press. 

Italian writers
Librettists
1810 births
1876 deaths
People from Venice
Chang'an District (, pinyin:Cháng'ān Qū) is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is in the south part of Xi'an. Yanta District and Xianyang Municipality are to the north. Shangluo Municipality and Ankang Municipality are to the north. Lantian County is to the east. Huyi District is to the west. The southeast part of Chang'an District is higher than northwest part. From north to south is , from east to west is . The district covers . As of November 2010, 1,083,285 people lived there.

On June 2, 2002. Chang'an County was renamed to Chang'an District.

Shaanxi
Districts of China
Yanliang District (, pinyin:Yánliáng Qū) is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Its name is shortened from "Luyan Liangshan" (闾阎良善, meaning "good for living place"). It is in northeast of Xi'an, and  from the center of Xi'an. Weinan Municipality is to the east and north. Xianyang Municipality is to the west. Lintong District is to the south. It is famous for making airplanes. It is far from center of Xi'an, but its economy is good. The district covers . As of November 2010, 278,604 people lived there.

Shaanxi
Districts of China
Video game collecting is the hobby of collecting video games and related things. It may be connected with animation, movies or comic books collecting. Collectors may focus on collecting some type of things, such as retro consoles. Collecting video games differs from other hobbies, because the collectible is interactive. So it can be enjoyed as long as it still functions. Nostalgia plays a large role, as those who grew up with a certain generation of games may have stronger appreciation for them.

Related pages 
 Collecting
 Video game
 Hobby

Hobbies
Video games
Alexis Valoran Reich (born December 11, 1964) is an American trans woman  commonly known as John Mark Karr who in 2006 falsely confessed to the murder of JonBenét Ramsey. She used to be a school teacher. In 2010 she went through a hormone-replacement surgery and she transitioned and lives as a woman.

References 

1964 births
Living people
American criminals
American sex offenders
American teachers
LGBT people from Georgia (U.S. state)
Transgender people
Educators from Georgia (U.S. state)
Prägraten am Großvenediger is a village in the district of Lienz in Tyrol in Austria. More than 1,300 People live there. Most of the 180,36 km² large area is mountainous.

References

Other websites 

Settlements in Tyrol (state)
was an very old province of Japan, in the area of Buzen and Bungo Provinces.  The ancient entity was in what is modern Ōita Prefecture and northeastern Fukuoka Prefecture. It was divided into Buzen and Bungo in 683. It was sometimes called .

History
The history of the province started and ended before the Taihō Code was established at the beginning of the 8th century.

According to the Nihongi, the Aka clan was established in Toyo during the reign of Emperor Ankan.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

Notes

Other websites 
  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Ōita Prefecture
Fukuoka Prefecture
Aristarkh Lentulov  (4 January 1882  15 April 1943) was a major Russian avant-garde artist who also worked on set designs for the theatre. His work shows strong influences of fauvism and cubism.

Biography 
Aristarkh Lentulov was born in Penza Oblast, 625 kilometers (388 mi) southeast of Moscow, into the family of a country priest. He studied art in the Penza and Kiev art schools from 1897 to 1905. Then he went to the private studio of Dmitry Kardovsky in St Petersburg in 1906. 

He lived in Moscow from 1909, and he was one of the founders of the avant-garde Jack of Diamonds group.
From 1910 to 1911 Lentulov studied at the Le Fauconnier studio and the La Palette Academy in Paris. While there, he met contemporary French painters  such as Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Fernand Léger and Robert Delaunay. He took in the fauvists' and cubists' principles, and developed his own colourful style of painting. Later, after his return to Russia in 1912, he became a big influence on what became Russian futurism. Wassily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich were both influenced by him. 

From pre-revolutionary times, Lentulov was actively involved in various theatrical projects. He designed sets for the Kamerny Theatre 1916) and for a production of Scriabin's Prometheus in the Bolshoi Theatre in 1919.

In 1928 Lentulov entered into the Society of Moscow artists, and became chairman of the Society. He also started teaching at the Russian State Art and Technical School.

Lentulov died in Moscow and is buried in the Vagankovo Cemetery.

Related pages 

 Kazimir Malevich

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Artcyclopedia Links to Lentulov's works
Virtual Museum  Biography

1882 births
1943 deaths
Russian painters
Russian artists
Penza Oblast
Curve is the eighth studio album by Canadian alternative rock band, Our Lady Peace. Curve was released on April 3, 2012. Canadian heavyweight boxer George Chuvalo is featured on the cover of the album and vocal excerpts from him are also featured on the album's final track "Mettle". The band started recording the album six months after the release of their seventh studio album, Burn Burn. Curve debuted at #9 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Songs

References

2012 albums
Our Lady Peace albums
Wimbledon is a 2004 British romantic comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Richard Loncraine. It stars Paul Bettany as Peter Colt and Kirsten Dunst as Lizzie Bradbury. They are tennis players who meet at the Wimbledon Championships at which they are both competing. Sam Neill plays Lizzie's father Dennis Bradbury.

Release dates

Other websites 
 
 
 

2004 romantic comedy movies
2004 comedy-drama movies
2004 romantic drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
British romantic comedy movies
British romantic drama movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies set in London
Forest Steven Whitaker (born July 15, 1961) is an American actor, producer, and director. He has been known to study characters for movies like Bird and Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai, and for playing Jon Kavanaugh on The Shield. Whitaker won an Academy Award for playing Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in the 2006 film The Last King of Scotland. Whitaker has also won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA.

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Texas
African American actors
African American movie directors
African American movie producers
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1961 births
Living people
Wimbledon may refer to:

Wimbledon, London, a suburban area of south-west London
The Championships, Wimbledon, a tennis tournament
Wimbledon F.C., a former association football team
AFC Wimbledon, an association football team, founded by former supporters of Wimbledon F.C.
Wimbledon (movie), a 2004 British movie
Wimbledon station, a railway station
Chelsea may refer to:

Chelsea, London
Chelsea, Iowa
Chelsea, Oklahoma
Chelsea Bridge
Chelsea F.C.
Chelsea (name)
David Vamplew (born 1 September 1987, Fife, Scotland) is a professional poker player. He has earned nearly 3 million dollars in tournaments, with over 4 million total career earnings.  Vamplew lives in Edinburgh, Scotland.  He got a degree in maths from Edinburgh University  in 2009.

The first time he won money in a professional tournament was for 106th-place finish in the 2010 World Series of Poker. He earned $2,500. He won the championship of the European Poker Tour in London, 2010. For this win, he earned $1.400,00. The next day, he won the UK & Ireland Poker Tour "Champion of Champions" title.

In the 2013 World Series of Poker, he came 2nd for $342,450 in event 2, losing heads-up to Trevor Pope, 16th in event 45 for $7,697, and 2nd in event 53 for $413,157 losing again heads-up to Brett Shaffer.

References

Other websites
Statistics from Card Player

Poker players
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Fife
, also romanized Rokkokushi, is a general term for Japan's six earliest national histories.   These six books chronicle the mythology and history of Japan from the earliest times to AD 887.

History
The six histories were written at the Imperial court during the eighth and ninth centuries.  These works include
Nihon shoki (Chronicle of Japan, also called Nihongi), 720
Shoku Nihongi (Continued Chronicle of Japan, also called Shokki), 797
Nihon kōki (Later Chronicle of Japan), 840
Shoku Nihon kōki (Continued Later Chronicle of Japan), 869
Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku (True Record of Emperor Montoku of Japan; also called Montoku jitsuroku), 879
Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (True Record of Three Generations [of Emperors] of Japan; also called Sandai jitsuroku), 901

Related pages 
 Nihon Odai Ichiran
 Kokushi genzaisha

References

Further reading
 Sakamoto, Tarō. (1991). The Six National Histories of Japan (tr. John S. Brownlee). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 

History of Japan
The Belgian Revolution was the secession of the Southern provinces from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.  It made an independent Kingdom of Belgium.

The people of the southern part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands were mostly Roman Catholic and the elite was French-speaking.  They did not like the Protestant King William I's rule, or that he had revoked certain special privileges granted to the Catholic Church.

On August 25, 1830 riots started in Brussels and shops were looted. There was an opera playing about liberty of the fatherland, and the theater-goers joined the rioters. The King sent troops to stop the riots.

A battle took place in Brussels. The French came to support the breakaway province of Belgium.  Belgium won the battle and became an independent country.  Leopold I was made "King of the Belgians" in 1831.  It took until 1839 for the Dutch to say Belgium was independent.  They signed the Treaty of London.
19th century in Belgium
Revolutions
Wars involving Belgium
Wars involving France
Wars involving the Netherlands
Wars of independence
1830
1831
19th-century conflicts
The United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839) is the unofficial name used for the Kingdom of the Netherlands.  This was after it was first made from part of the First French Empire and before the new Kingdom of Belgium split off from it in 1830. Most of it is still today the Kingdom of the Netherlands.  It was made up of the former Dutch Republic to the north, the former Austrian Netherlands to the south, and the former Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The House of Orange-Nassau were the monarchs.Also unites Benelux.

The United Kingdom of the Netherlands ended after the 1831 Belgian Revolution. William I, King of the Netherlands did not recognize a Belgian state until 1839.  He was made to sign the Treaty of London. Only at this time were borders agreed.In the treaty was sad it that Belgium was neutral. 

1815 establishments in Europe
History of Belgium
1839 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in Europe
Former monarchies of Europe
Alan McDonald (Belfast, 12 October 1963 – Lisburn, 23 June 2012) was a Northern Irish footballer and manager. He played in the Northern Ireland national football team, and scored one goal, against Denmark. He died suddenly on 23 June 2012.

Northern Irish footballers
Northern Irish football managers
1963 births
2012 deaths
Game Oriented Assembly Lisp (or GOAL) is a video game programming language developed by Andy Gavin and Naughty Dog. It was written using Allegro Common Lisp and used in the development of Jak and Daxter series of games.

GOAL's first use was for the Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy game. Earlier, the Game Oriented Object Lisp (GOOL) was also developed by Andy Gavin for Crash Bandicoot game.

Programming languages
Video game technology
The Treaty of London of 1839 was a treaty signed on 19 April 1839 between the European great powers, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Belgium. It is also known as the First Treaty of London, the Convention of 1839, and the London Treaty of Separation.

This treaty was needed because the Netherlan no sign the 1831 'Treaty of the XXIV Articles'.  This treaty said that Belgium was its own country.  It confirmed the independence of the German speaking part of Luxembourg. The most important part of the treaty was that Belgium should always be neutral.  Also, those who signed the treaty would have to protect Belgium if it was attacked.

The treaty is said to be a part of the cause of World War I. When the German Empire invaded Belgium in August 1914, the UK (the United Kingdom) declared war only days later on 4th August. All in all there were many countries declaring war on each other.

References
References

19th century in Belgium
19th century in the Netherlands
History of Luxembourg
London 1839
World War I
1839
1830s in the United Kingdom
International call prefix: 00
Trunk prefix: 0

A telephone number in Belgium is nine or ten digits dialed on a telephone to make a call. Belgium is under a closed telephone numbering plan.  It keeps the trunk code, '0', for all national dialling.

Overview and structure
Area codes in Belgium are one or two digits long.  All Belgian telephone numbers dialed in Belgium must use the leading '0' trunk code. 

From outside Belgium, a caller would dial their international call prefix (typically 00 in Europe and 011 in North America), followed by 32 (the country code for Belgium), then the area code minus the trunk code '0', and finally the local number.

Mobile/GSM area codes always begin with 04xx and the subscriber number is six digits long.
Area codes
 010:  Wavre (Waver)
 011:  Hasselt
 012:  Tongeren (Tongres)
 013:  Diest
 014:  Geel, Herentals, Turnhout
 015:  Mechelen (Malines)
 016:  Leuven (Louvain), Tienen (Tirlemont)
 019:  Waremme (Borgworm)
 02:   Brussels (Bruxelles/Brussel)
 03:   Antwerpen (Antwerp), Sint-Niklaas
 04:   Liège (Luik), Voeren (Fourons)
 050:  Brugge (Bruges), Zeebrugge
 051:  Roeselare (Roulers)
 052:  Dendermonde (Termonde)
 053:  Aalst (Alost)
 054:  Ninove
 055:  Ronse (Renaix)
 056:  Kortrijk (Courtrai), Comines-Warneton (Komen-Warneton),  Mouscron (Moeskroen)
 057:  Ieper (Ypres)
 058:  Veurne (Furnes)
 059:  Oostende (Ostend)
 060:  Chimay
 061:  Bastogne, Libramont-Chevigny
 063:  Arlon (Aarlen)
 064:  La Louvière
 065:  Mons (Bergen)
 067:  Nivelles (Nijvel)
 068:  Ath (Aat)
 069:  Tournai (Doornik)
 070:  Specialty Numbers (i.e. bus information or bank information)
 071:  Charleroi
 080:  Stavelot
 0800: toll free service
 081:  Namur (Namen)
 082:  Dinant
 083:  Ciney
 084:  Jemelle, Marche-en-Famenne
085:  Huy (Hoei)
 086:  Durbuy
 087:  Verviers
 089:  Genk
 09:   Gent (Ghent/Gand)
 090x: Premium numbers (0900, 0901, 0902, 0903, 0904, 0905, 0906, 0907, 0908, 0909)*
Telephone numbers
Belgium
Spyro may refer to:

 Spyro (series), a video game series
 Spyro the Dragon (character), the main character of that series
 Spyro the Dragon (video game), the first game in the series, released in 1998
The solo concerto is a concerto that includes a single soloist, with accompaniment from the entire orchestra. It originated in the Baroque period, and remained throughout the years to be popular among many composers.  Although it is not true for many solo concerti, it could be said that the genre typically has three movements, the first and the last being fast-paced and lively, broken up by a more lyrical, slower second movement.

Giuseppe Torelli was one of the first composers to write solo concerti, written in 1698; however Vivaldi could be credited to making the three-movement form as typical of this genre.  Later, Handel wrote many solo concerti for different types of soloist, as before then they had mainly been only for violin.

The Classical period then used solo concerti to great effect, and developed to make the solos more virtuosic.  Many of Beethoven’s and Mozart’s more famous works were solo concerti.
The early Romantic period had many solo concerti, written by well-known composers such as Mendelssohn, and were not too different from those of the classical era.  However, later in this period, the solos became even more virtuosic, meaning that only brilliant players could ever play them.  Along  with this, the structures and textures became denser, helped by the excessive size that was commonplace during the era.

Finally, 20th century music carried on the rich works of the Romantic era.  However, when neoclassic genres came about, many classical-style solo concerti were written once again.

Concertos
Phidias, or Pheidias (about 480430 BC) was a Greek sculptor, painter and architect. His statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. 

He also designed the statues of the goddess Athena on the Acropolis. These were the Athena Parthenos inside the Parthenon and the Athena Promachos, a bronze statue of Athena near the entrance to the Acropolis. 

Phidias was twice accused of stealing some of the costly materials he used. He was accused of taking some of the ivory for the Athena Parthenos; and at Olympia, of stealing some of the gold for Zeus' cloak. A false witness against Phidias testified. Phidias died in prison. Today, most critics and historians consider him one of the greatest of ancient Greek sculptors.

References 

Sculptors
5th-century BC births
430s BC deaths
Ancient Greeks
Olympia
Gallia Belgica, which means "Belgian Gaul" in Latin, was a Roman province. Different parts of it are in several countries today, including Belgium, Luxembourg, a big part of northern France, and part of the Rhineland in Germany, which is the part of Germany west of the Rhine River.

The people who lived in Gallia Belgica were called the Belgae. They were a group of tribes within the bigger country called Gaul, which covered all of modern France. According to Julius Caesar, the Belgae were different from the other Gauls. He said that the border between Belgica and the main Celtic part of Gaul was the Marne and the Seine rivers and that the border with Germania was the Rhine river. It is no longer certain what language or languages were spoken in Gallia Belgica, but historians know there was an influence of both Celtic and Germanic languages.
The area was conquered in 57 BC by Julius Caesar.  Emperor Diocletian changed the Gaulish provinces around 300 AD. He split Belgica into two provinces: Belgica Prima and Belgica Secunda. Belgica Prima had Treveri (Trier) as its main city and was the eastern part. The border between Belgica Prima and Belgica Secunda was along the River Meuse.

In 406 AD, the Vandals, Burgundians and other tribes crossed the Rhine.  They defeated the Gaulish forces. Belgica Secunda became in the 5th century the center of Clovis' Merovingian kingdom and during the 8th century the heart of the Carolingian Empire.

References

Places of Ancient Rome
History of Belgium
History of France
History of the Netherlands
Gaul
The Belgae were a group of tribes living in northern Gaul.  They were on the west bank of the Rhine, in the 3rd century BC.  Later they were also in Britain, and possibly even Ireland. They gave their name to the Roman province of Gallia Belgica, and very much later, to the modern country of Belgium.

The Belgae came to Britain as raiders and settled in southern Britain shortly before the Romans came. They occupied the area later called Hampshire.

References 

Ancient history
Ethnic groups in Europe
Carolingian Empire (800–888) is a historiographical term for the realm of the Franks under the Carolingian dynasty in the Early Middle Ages. This dynasty is seen as the predecessor of modern-day France, Austria and Germany. Its beginning date is based on the crowning of Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, and ends with the death of his descendant Charles the Fat. This Empire can be seen as the later history of the Frankish Realm or the early history of France and of the Holy Roman Empire. they also ruled under absolute power and killed many Catholics

9th century in Germany
History of France
Former countries in Europe
800 establishments
888 disestablishments
Former empires
The 2013 AFC U-22 Championship is a football tournament for players under the age of 22. It was held in 11 - 26 January IN 2014. All the Asian under-22 football teams can compete.

Teams 
  Iraq (Group A winners)
  United Arab Emirates (Group A runners-up)
  Saudi Arabia (Group B winners)
  Syria (Group B runners-up)
  Iran (Group C winners)
  Kuwait (Group C runners-up)
  Jordan (Group D winners)
  Uzbekistan (Group D runners-up)
  North Korea (Group F winners)
  China PR (Group F runners-up)
  South Korea (Group G winners)
  Myanmar (Group G runners-up)

Results

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

References

AFC U-23 Asian Cup
2013 in association football
2013 in Asia
Sport in Oman
January 2014 events
Middle Francia was a Frankish kingdom formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843.  It divided the Carolingian Empire among the sons of Louis the Pious. Between the realms of East and West Francia, Middle Francia was the Frankish territory between the rivers Rhine and Scheldt.

Middle Francia was the part of the Frankish Empire that fell to Lothair I.  He was the eldest son and successor of Emperor Louis the Pious. Because of Lothair's Imperial title, Middle Francia had the imperial cities of Aachen, the residence of Charlemagne, as well as Rome.

In 855, Emperor Lothair I again split his realm amongst his sons. He gave the Kingdom of Italy with Rome to his eldest son, Louis II the Younger, crowned emperor since 850. Most of the lands north of the Alps went to Lothair II. Provence and Burgundy went to Charles.

Unlike East and West Francia, Middle Francia was a kingdom only a short time. Over the next centuries its lands were added into the Holy Roman Empire.
843 establishments
History of Europe
855 disestablishments
Former monarchies of Europe
9th-century establishments in Europe
9th-century disestablishments in Europe
West Francia, also known as the West Frankish Kingdom or Francia Occidentalis, was a short-lived kingdom.  It was the lands of the western part of the Carolingian Empire.  They came under the control of Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, as a result of the Treaty of Verdun of 843.

The Frankish Empire was the great realm united by Charlemagne that was a large part of Western Europe.  It was split after a three-year-long civil war between his grandsons (840-843). Charles the Bald and his half-brother Louis the German went against his brother Lothair I.

The Carolingian Empire of the Franks founded by their grandfather lasted only one generation through their father Louis the Pious. His realm was split into East Francia, West Francia or the Western Realm, and Middle Francia. The West Frankish Kingdom is the start of both medieval France and modern France.
In 987 Hugh Capet, Duke of France and Count of Paris, started the Capetian dynasty.  The Valois and Bourbon houses ruled France for more than 800 years.

Former monarchies of Europe
History of France
Around the 13th and early 14th century, many Dutch cities became important.  They played a major role in the political and economical affairs of their fiefs.

The Flemish cities gained powers over their county.  When Louis II, Count of Flanders, died without a male heir, these cities (Bruges, Ypres and Ghent) arranged a marriage between his daughter and the Duke of Burgundy. By doing this, they set in motion events that led to the Burgundian and, in 1478, the Habsburg Netherlands.
Under Burgundy
In 1384, Philip the Bold got the county of Flanders, Artois, and the Free County by marrying Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, a marriage supported by the Flemish cities.
In 1429, Philip the Good (the grandson of Philip the Bold) buys the County of Namur from John III, Marquis of Namur.
In 1430, Philip of Brabant died childless, leaving his nephew Philip the Good as his heir in Brabant, Lothier, and Limburg.
In 1432, the Hook and Cod wars ended in victory for the Hollandic cities. Philip the Good was offered to become count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut.
In 1443, Philip conquers the Duchy of Luxembourg
In 1456, Philip's illegitimate son, David, was elected Bishop of Utrecht.  This led to the First and Second Utrecht Civil War. 
In 1456, he also had his nephew Louis of Bourbon become Prince-Bishop of Liège, leading to the Liège Wars.
In 1473, Philip's son, Charles the Bold buys the Duchy of Guelders from Duke Arnold. However the house of Burgundy lost this title at Charles's death in 1477.
In 1477, Charles the Bold died fighting an alliance led by the King of France. France added the Duchy of Burgundy.  His daughter was called Mary of Burgundy.
Under Habsburg
In 1478, Mary married Maximilian I of Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor, beginning the period of the Habsburg Netherlands.
In 1506, the grandson of Maximilian and Mary, Emperor Charles V inherited his family's Dutch lands. He is also the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.
In 1521, Charles V conquered Tournai and the Tournaisis, until then under French influence. 
In 1524, Charles conquered Friesland, whih was renamed Lordship of Frisia, during the Guelderian Wars. 
In 1528, Charles freed the Bishopric of Utrecht and its lands in Overijssel, and added them as Lordship of Utrecht and Lordship of Overijssel, during the Guelderian Wars. 
In 1536 Charles conquered the Lordship of Groningen and County of Drenthe, during the Guelderian Wars. 
In 1543, Charles reclaimed and conquered the Duchy of Guelders and the County of Zutphen (in personal union), during the Guelderian Wars. 

In 1549, Charles V issued a Pragmatic sanction; creating the Seventeen Provinces.
Politically the Burgundian and Habsburg periods were very important to the Dutch.  This is because the various Dutch fiefs were now united politically into one single group. The period ended in great turmoil.  There was the rise of Protestantism, the policies of the Habsburg Empire, and other factors resulted in the Dutch Revolt and the Eighty Years' War.

References

Habsburg Dynasty
History of Belgium
History of the Netherlands
In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands  means a number of Imperial and French fiefs.  These were ruled in personal union by the House of Valois-Burgundy and their Habsburg heirs in the period from 1384 to 1482. The area was large parts of present-day Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as Luxembourg and parts of northern France.

Rulers
The Burgundian dukes who ruled the Netherlandish territories were:

House of Valois, territorial Dukes of Burgundy
Philip the Bold (1384–1405), son of King John II of France, by his wife Margaret III of Flanders
John the Fearless (1405–1419), son
Philip the Good (1419–1467), son
Charles the Bold (1467–1477), son

House of Valois, titular Duchess of Burgundy
Mary of Burgundy (1477–1482), Charles' daughter, married Maximilian I of Habsburg in 1477
House of Habsburg, titular Dukes of Burgundy (see Habsburg Netherlands)
Philip the Handsome (1482–1506), Mary's son; Maximilian I, his father, as regent (1482–1493)
Charles V (1506–1555), Philip's son; Margaret of Austria, regent (1507–1515) and (1519–1530)

History of Belgium
Lovelace is a surname.

Ada Lovelace (18151852), daughter of Lord Byron, and friend of Charles Babbage.
Linda Lovelace, American pornographic actress 
Lovelace (movie), a 2013 American biographical drama movie about Linda Lovelace
The Dutch Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, the Republic of the United Netherlands, or the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, was a republic in Europe. It was a confederacy of provinces that existed from 1581 to 1795. It started when seven northern provinces of the Spanish Netherlands joined together to fight for independence. It ended when Napoleon set up the Batavian Republic, which later became the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the modern Netherlands (now part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands). Alternative names include the United Provinces, Federated Belgic Provinces, and Belgic Federation.

Although it was called a republic, its Stadtholder became a heredity dynasty.

References

Former republics
Former countries in Europe
1580s establishments in Europe
1588 establishments
1790s disestablishments in Europe
1795 disestablishments
Establishments in the Netherlands
Disestablishments in the Netherlands
The Southern Netherlands, also called the Catholic Netherlands, were part of the Low Countries.  They were controlled by Spain (1556–1714), Austria (1714–94) and added into France (1794–1815). This area was most of modern Belgium, the Imperial Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy, the County of Bouillon and Luxembourg, and in addition some parts of the Netherlands, as well as, until 1678, most of the present Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in northern France. The Southern Netherlands were part of the Holy Roman Empire until it was added to France.
The northern seven provinces, led by Holland and Zeeland, started their independence as the United Provinces after 1581. The southern Netherlands were reconquered by the Spanish general Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma.  The Southern Netherlands passed to the Austrian Habsburgs after the War of the Spanish Succession in the early 18th century.  After the French Revolutionary Wars they were joined with the northern Netherlands.  They were made a single kingdom under the House of Orange at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. The south-eastern third of Luxembourg Province was made into Luxembourg. In 1830 the mostly Roman Catholic southern half became independent as the Kingdom of Belgium.

References

History of Belgium
History of the Netherlands
History of Spain
Habsburg Spain means the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1506–1700).  This was when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty. Under Habsburg rule (mostly under Charles I and Philip II), Spain reached the height of its influence and power. The Hapsburgs had land including the Americas; the East Indies in Asia; the Low Countries, territories now in France and Germany in Europe. From 1580 to 1640 they had the Portuguese Empire; and various other lands such as small enclaves like Ceuta and Oran in North Africa. Habsburg Spain was, for well over a century, the world's greatest power. For this reason, this period of Spanish history has also been called the "Age of Expansion."
With the Habsburgs, Spain was one of the greatest political and military powers in Europe and the world for much of the 16th and 17th centuries. During the Habsburg's period, Spain ushered in the Spanish Golden Age of arts and literature producing some of the world's most outstanding writers and painters and influential intellectuals, including Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Miguel de Cervantes, Francisco de Quevedo, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Domingo de Soto, Francisco Suárez and Francisco de Vitoria.

Spain or "the Spains", referring to Spanish territories across different continents in this period, initially covered the entire Iberian peninsula, including the kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, León, Navarre and, from 1580, Portugal.
The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 resulted in the union of the two main crowns, Castile and Aragon, which eventually led to the de facto unification of Spain, after the culmination of the Reconquista with the conquest of Granada in 1492 and of Navarre in 1512-1529. Isabella and Ferdinand were bestowed the title of "Catholic King and Queen" by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, and the term Monarchia Catholica (Catholic Monarchy, Modern Spanish: Monarquía Católica) remained in use for the monarchy under the Spanish Habsburgs. The Habsburg period is formative of the notion of "Spain" in the sense that was institutionalized in the 18th century.
Spain as a unified state came into being de jure after the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707 that succeeded the multiple crowns of its former realms. After the death in 1700 of Spain's last Habsburg king Charles II, the resulting War of the Spanish Succession led to the ascension of Philip V of the Bourbon dynasty and began a new centralizing state formation.

Among the most outstanding figures of this period were Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Miguel de Cervantes, Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto and Francisco Suárez.

Notes

References

Spain
16th century in Spain
1500s establishments in Europe
1700s disestablishments in Europe
17th century in Spain
The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1793 with few changes.  France fought the First coalition.

In the Alps, there was little change.  The French invasion of Piedmont failed. On the Spanish border, the French under General Dugommier came from their defensive positions at Bayonne and Perpignan, to move the Spanish out of Roussillon.  They invaded Catalonia. Dugommier was killed in the Battle of the Black Mountain in November.

On the northern front in the Flanders Campaign, the Austrians and French both prepared in Belgium.  The Austrians went towards Mons and Maubeuge. The French got ready on multiple fronts.  There were two armies in Flanders under Pichegru and Moreau. Jourdan attacked from the German border. The French had damage in the Kortrijk, Tourcoing and Fleurus in June. The French armies drove the Austrians, British, and Dutch beyond the Rhine.  Then they moved into Belgium, the Rhineland, and southern Holland.
On the middle Rhine front in July General Michaud's Army of the Rhine tried two offensives in July.  This sector of the front was largely quiet over the course of the year.

At sea, the French Atlantic Fleet was able to hold off a British attempt to stop an important cereal convoy from the United States. In the Caribbean, the British fleet landed in Martinique in February, and in 

By the end of the year French armies had won victories on all fronts.  

Wars involving France
1794 in France
The French First Republic was formed on 22 September 1792, by the newly made National Convention. The First Republic lasted until the First French Empire in 1804 under Napoleon I. This time is characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the making of the National Convention and the infamous Reign of Terror, the founding of the Directory and the Thermidorian Reaction, and finally, the making of the Consulate and Napoleon’s rise to power.

References

1792 establishments
1790s in France
1800s in France
France, Republic 1
1804 disestablishments
1790s establishments in France
Disestablishments in France
The First French Empire, also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France. It was the main power of most of continental Europe during the early 19th century.

History 
Napoleon became Emperor of the French on 18 May 1804.  He was crowned Emperor on 2 December 1804. This ended the time of the French Consulate. He won early military victories in the War of the Third Coalition against Austria, Prussia, Russia, Portugal, and allied nations. The Treaty of Tilsit in July 1807 ended two years of bloodshed on the European continent.
The next wars, known as the Napoleonic Wars, grew France over much of Western Europe and into Poland. At its biggest in 1812, the French Empire had 130 départements, ruled over 90 million people, and had a large military in Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Duchy of Warsaw.  The introduction of the Napoleonic Code through the continent increased legal equality, made jury systems, and legalized divorce. Napoleon placed relatives on the thrones of several European countries.  He gave many noble titles, most of which went away after the empire fell.

Napoleon abdicated in 11 April 1814.  The Empire was briefly brought back during the Hundred Days period in 1815 until Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.  It was followed by the Bourbon Restoration monarchy of the House of Bourbon.  Louis XVIII of France became the new ruler.

References

1804 establishments in Europe
1815 disestablishments
1800s in France
France, Empire 1
1810s disestablishments in Europe
1810s in France
Leopold I (Leopold George Christian Frederick; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians.  This was following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands.  He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. His children included Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlota of Mexico.  He was also an uncle of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

He was born in Coburg and died in Laeken.

Titles and styles
 16 December 1790 – 12 November 1826 His Serene Highness Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duke of Saxony
 6 April 1818 – 12 November 1826 (in the UK) His Royal Highness Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duke of Saxony
 12 November 1826 – 21 July 1831 His Serene Highness (His Royal Highness in the UK) Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony
 21 July 1831 – 10 December 1865 His Majesty The King of the Belgians

References
References

1790 births
1865 deaths
Kings and Queens of Belgium
German nobility
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights of the Golden Fleece
The Railway Station Bananal building is a historical and tourist city Bananal, São Paulo State, Brazil. Built in 1888, is the only specimen of steel construction the Belgium in the Americas.

References

Railway stations in South America
Buildings and structures in Brazil
São Paulo (state)
1888 establishments
19th-century establishments in Brazil
Guy Stuart Ritchie (born 10 September 1968) is a British director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Hatfield, Hertfordshire.

Ritchie's films are: Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, Snatch, Swept Away, Revolver, RocknRolla, Sherlock Holmes and Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows.

Ritchie had a son with Madonna in August 2000. They were married from December 2000 until they divorced in December 2008. He lives with model Jacqui Ainsley (born 1981). The couple have a son, who was born in September 2011.

References

Other websites 

1968 births
Living people
Actors from Hertfordshire
English movie directors
English movie producers
English screenwriters
English television producers
Madonna (entertainer)
Writers from Hertfordshire
General Act
The General Act fixed the following points:
 The ending of slavery by Black and Islamic powers.  
 The Congo Free State was a private property of the Congo Society. The territory of today's Democratic Republic of the Congo was made the property of Leopold II of Belgium.
 The 14 countries who signed had free trade through the Congo Basin and Lake Nyasa and east of this in an area south of 5° N.
 The Niger River and Congo River were made free for ship traffic.
 Countries could not set up colonies in name only.
 If a country took over any new part of the African coast, they would have to tell the other countries.
 Each country was told which parts of Africa they could take over.

Agenda 

 Portugal - Britain The colonies of Angola and Mozambique were brought together by the land in between (land that later became Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Malawi.) The United Kingdom did not support this plan. In 1890, the British government told the Portuguese to leave the area.
France - Britain A line running from Say in Niger to Baroua, on the north-east coast of Lake Chad marked what part belonged to whom. France would own territory to the north of this line, and the United Kingdom would own territory to the south of it.  The Nile Basin would be British, with the French taking the basin of Lake Chad.  

 France - Germany The area to the north of a line formed by the intersection of the 14th meridian and Miltou was French, that to the south was German.

 Britain - Germany The separation came in the form of a line passing through Yola, on the Benoué, Dikoa, going up to the extremity of Lake Chad.

 France - Italy Italy was to own what was north of a line from the intersection of the Tropic of Cancer and the 17th meridian to the intersection of the 15th parallel and 21st meridian.

By 1902, 90% of all the land that makes up Africa was under European control.

References

Colonialism
19th-century treaties
1884
19th century in Africa
1880s in Europe
19th century in Berlin
is a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

The city was founded on November 11, 2005. The towns of Kishigawa, Kokawa, Momoyama, Naga and Uchita all combined to form the city.

Kokawa Temple (Kokawa-ji) is a popular sightseeing spot in Kinokawa.

Tama the stationmaster cat

Kishi Station in the city has a cat as the stationmaster named Tama. Tama is a calico cat.

People from Kinokawa city
 Ryumon Yasuda - Painter and Sculptor

Other websites

  Official website

Cities in Wakayama Prefecture
Ruanda-Urundi was a part of German East Africa. Belgian troops invaded during World War I. The military occupation lasted from 1916 to 1924 when the territory came under Belgian rule. In 1964 it became the independent states of Rwanda and Burundi.

Royal administrators

Royal Commissioners 
 Justin Malfeyt (November 1916-May 1919)
 Alfred Frédéric Gérard Marzorati (May 1919-August 1926)

Governors (Deputy Governors-General of the Belgian Congo) 
 Alfred Frédéric Gérard Marzorati (August 1926-February 1929)
 Louis Joseph Postiaux (February 1929-July 1930)
 Charles Henri Joseph Voisin (July 1930-August 1932)
 Eugène Jacques Pierre Louis Jungers (August 1932-July 1946)
 Maurice Simon (July 1946-August 1949)
 Léon Antoine Marie Pétillon (August 1949-January 1952)
 Alfred Claeys Boùùaert (January 1952-March 1955)
 Jean-Paul Harroy (March 1955-January 1962)

20th century in Belgium
1922 establishments in Africa
1962 disestablishments
1960s disestablishments in Africa
 
Ruanda
Former colonies in Africa
Prussian districts were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia.  They were part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia.  They were similar to a county or a shire. They were made from 1815 to 1818 to be between the higher provinces and the lower municipal governments. They served as a model for the present-day districts of Germany

Districts of Germany
Prussia
Eupen-Malmedy, or the East Cantons is a group of cantons in Belgium.  They are the former Prussian districts of Malmedy and Eupen, together with the Neutral Moresnet.  French-speaking Belgians also once called them the Redeemed Cantons.  These territories were added to Belgium in 1920 by the Versailles Treaty.
Chronology
6 March 1815 : Malmedy part of Prussia (from 1871 Germany).
1918 - 1920 : Under Allied occupation (British to Aug 1919, then Belgian).
28 June 1919 : Given to Belgium by Germany under Treaty of Versailles.
20 September 1920 : Eupen, Malmedy and Sankt-Vith added (fully re-incorporated 1925).
1926 The Belgian government wants to "sell" the East Cantons to the Weimar Republic. France objects strongly.
29 July 1940 -  Feb 1945 : Eupen, Malmedy and Sankt-Vith are added to Germany, together with the Luxembourg village of Bého (renamed Bocholz) and former Neutral Moresnet.
1956 Belgo-German peace treaty. The Federal Republic of Germany recognizes the illegality of the 1940 annexation.
1960-1964 The Belgian language border is fixed and finally divides the East Cantons. Eupen, Sankt Vith and others become German-speaking with special privileges for French speakers, Malmedy and Waimes join Aubel, Welkenraedt, Bleiberg and Baelen as French-speaking with (potential) special privileges for German speakers.
18 July 1966 Belgian law on the language use by local and national government. The "region of the German language" is mentioned. Federal Government services to answer German questions from a member of the general public in German.
1973 The Rat der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft is set up.
1989 New amnesty law, undoing the legal effects of the annexation and its voiding.
1993 The Executive of the Rat der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft is recognized as one of the Belgian regional governments in the new federal constitution. The German-speaking area remains a part of the Walloon economic area.
2005 The authority of the Rat is increased by giving it the right of teaching over religious institutions and over its nine communities.
20th-century establishments in Belgium
Wallonia
Liège (province)