Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
It is a common misconception that George Washington had wooden teeth, as false teeth. He did, however, try many different ways to replace his teeth, including having teeth carved from elk's teeth or ivory. Ivory and bone both have hairline fractures in them, which normally cannot be seen. These fractures started to darken because Washington drank wine. The darkened, thin fractures in the bone made the lines look like the grain in a piece of wood. George Washington's teeth started falling out when he was about 22 years old, and he had only one tooth left by the time he became president. It was difficult for him to talk or to eat. At one time, he had false teeth with a special hole so the one tooth he still had could poke through. He tried to keep them smelling clean by soaking them in wine, but instead they became mushy and black. In 1796, a dentist had to pull out George Washington's last tooth, and he kept his tooth in a gold locket attached to his watch chain
. When the time came for the president to have his portrait painted, cotton was pushed under his lips to make him look as if he had teeth. The cotton made his mouth puff out, as is seen on the picture on the US $1 bill.
References 

Notes

Other websites 
 George Washington -Citizendium

Books to read

 Pamela Hill Nettleton and Jeff Yesh. George Washington: Farmer, Soldier, President (2003) for grades 1-5
 Laurence Santrey. George Washington, Young Leader (1982) * T. M. Usel. George Washington (Read & Discover Photo-Illustrated Biographies) (1996)
 Washington's White House biography 
 

1732 births
1799 deaths
American esotericists
American generals
American revolutionaries
Businesspeople from Virginia
Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
Episcopalians
Founding Fathers of the United States
Freemasons
 
Military people from Virginia
Politicians from Virginia
18th-century American politicians
Presidents of the United States
Independent politicians in the United States
Infectious disease deaths in Virginia
Libertarians
Nationalists
Up to 1900 
 1281 – Martin IV becomes Pope.
 1288 – Nicholas IV becomes Pope.
 1371 - Robert II of Scotland becomes King, starting the Stuart Dynasty.
 1494 – King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne.
 1632 – Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published.
 1651 - St. Peter's Flood: A storm surge floods the Frisian coast in present-day Germany and the Netherlands, killing about 15,000 people.
 1744 – The Battle of Toulon begins.
 1784 - William Herschel discovers the spiral galaxy NGC 3521.
 1797 - The last invasion of the Great Britain begins when a force of 4,000 French troops lands in Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, Wales. They surrender two days later.
 1819 – By the Adams–Onís Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the United States for five million U.S. dollars.
 1847 – Mexican-American War: The Battle of Buena Vista – 5,000 American troops drive off 15,000 Mexican.
1848 - The French Revolution of 1848 begins, later leading to the creation of the French Second Republic.
 1855 – The Pennsylvania State University is founded.
 1856 – The Republican Party opens its first national meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
 1857 - The Bavarian Weisswurst sausage is allegedly invented in Munich.
 1862 - Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as President of the Confederate States of America in Richmond, Virginia.
 1865 – Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery.
 1872 - The Prohibition Party holds its first national convention in Columbus, Ohio, with James Black as its nominee for President of the United States.
 1876 – Johns Hopkins University is founded in Baltimore, Maryland.
 1879 – In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of 5 and 10-cent Woolworth stores.
 1889 – President Grover Cleveland signs a bill admitting North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington as U.S. states.
1890 - The Walmut Grove Dam breaks in Arizona, causing a flood that kills between 50 and 150 people.
 1899 - Filipino forces led by General Antonio Luna launch counter-attacks for the first time, against American forces in the Philippine-American War, though fail to retake Manila.
1901  2000 
 1901 - A Pacific mail steamer sinks in Golden Gate Harbor, killing 128 people.
 1904 – UK recognises the South Orkney Islands as part of Argentina, in 1908 claims them again.
 1915 – Germany institutes unrestricted submarine warfare.
 1920 – In Emeryville, California, the first dog race track to employ an imitation rabbit opens.
 1923 – The United States begins the first transcontinental air mail route.
 1923 – Barcelona (Catalonia): Albert Einstein visits the city, invited by the scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa, as part of the monografics course of High Studies and Exchange organized by the Mancomunitat de Catalunya and conducted by Rafael de Campalans.
 1924 – Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to deliver a radio broadcast from the White House.
 1940 - Then-four-year-old Tenzin Gyatso is enthroned as the 14th Dalai Lama.
 1942 – World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as American defense collapses.
1943 – Members of White Rose are executed in Nazi Germany.
 1944 - World War II: American aircraft mistakenly bomb the Dutch cities of Nijmegen, Arnhem, Enschede and Deventer, killing 800 in Nijmegen alone.
 1948 - The Communist Revolution begins in Czechoslovakia.
 1949 – Grady the Cow, a 1,200-pound cow gets stuck inside a silo on a farm in Yukon, Oklahoma and garners national media attention.
 1956 – Elvis Presley enters the music charts for the first time, with "Heartbreak Hotel".
 1957 - South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem survives a Communist shooting assassination attempt in Ban Me Thuot.
 1958 – Egypt and Syria join to form the United Arab Republic.
 1959 – Lee Petty wins the first Daytona 500.
 1960 - A mining accident in Zwickau, East Germany kills 123 people.
 1969 – Barbara Jo Rubin wins a United States thoroughbred horse race making history as the first woman to do so.
 1972 - The Official IRA detonates a car bomb in Aldershot Barracks, killing 7 people.
1973 – Cold War: Following President Richard Nixon's visit to China, the United States and the People's Republic of China agree to establish liaison offices.
 1974 - The Organisation of the Islamic Conference summit begins in Lahore, Pakistan and Bangladesh is recognized by Islamabad Officials.
 1979 – Independence of Saint Lucia from the United Kingdom.
 1980 – The United States men's ice hockey team defeats the Soviet Union team at the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in an upset dubbed the "Miracle on Ice".
 1986 - The People Power Revolution in the Philippines begins.
 1987 - The first Airbus A320 lifts off.
 1994 – Aldrich Ames and his wife are charged by the United States Department of Justice with spying for the Soviet Union.
 1997 – In Roslin, Scotland, scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly had been successfully cloned.
From 2001 
 2002 – A MH-47E Chinook helicopter crashes into the ocean near the Philippines, killing all 10 aboard.
 2004 – Ralph Nader announces his intention to run as an independent candidate for President of the United States.
 2005 - An earthquake in Sarand, Iran, kills 420 people.
 2006 - The Al-Askari Shrine in Samarra, Iraq, a Shi'ite Holy Site, is badly damaged in a bomb attack.
 2009 - Slumdog Millionaire is the most successful movie at the 81st Academy Awards.
 2011 – 2011 Canterbury earthquake: A magnitude 6.3 earthquake hits Christchurch, New Zealand, causing major damage and more than 180 deaths. Among the collapsed buildings is the spire of Christchurch cathedral.
 2012 - A train crash in Buenos Aires, Argentina, kills 51 people.
 2014 - Matteo Renzi is sworn in as Prime Minister of Italy, making him the youngest holder of this office, at age 39.
2014 - In Ukraine, parliament votes to remove President Viktor Yanukovych from power and to install a caretaker government. Yanukovych is reported to have fled to Eastern Ukraine, while former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko is released from prison.
 2015 - A ferry capsizes in Bangladesh, killing at least 70 people.
 2015 - The 87th Academy Awards are held. Among the winners are Julianne Moore (Best Actress) and Eddie Redmayne (Best Actor), for playing Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything.
 2017 - Scientists announce the discovery of seven planets of similar size to Earth orbiting around the dwarf star "TRAPPIST-1".
Up to 1850 
 1300 BC - Ramesses II, Egyptian pharaoh (d. 1213 BC)
 1403 – King Charles VII of France (d. 1461)
 1440 - Ladislaus the Posthumous, King of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1470)
 1500 - Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian cardinal (d. 1564)
 1514 - Tahmasp I, Persian shah (d. 1576)
 1631 - Peder Syv, Danish philologist, folklorist and priest (d. 1702)
 1645 – Johann Ambrosius Bach, German composer (d. 1695)
 1645 - Johann Christoph Bach, German musician (d. 1693)
 1705 - Peter Arbedi, Swedish naturalist (d. 1735)
 1732 – George Washington, first President of the United States (d. 1799)
 1756 - Georg Friedrich von Martens, German diplomat (d. 1821)
 1761 - Erik Tulindberg, Finnish composer (d. 1814)
 1778 - Rembrandt Peale, American painter (d. 1860)
 1785 - Jean Peltier, French physicist (d. 1845)
 1788 – Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (d. 1860)
 1796 - Alexis Bachelot, French missionary (d. 1837)
 1796 - Adolphe Quetelet, Belgian mathematician (d. 1874)
1806 - Jozef Kremer, Polish philosopher (d. 1875)
 1817 - Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, German mathematician (d. 1880)
 1819 - James Russell Lowell, American poet (d. 1891)
 1823 - Robert B. Ogilvie, Governor of Illinois (d. 1888)
 1824 - Pierre Janssen, French astronomer (d. 1907)
 1836 - Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, Indian Sanskrit scholar and social reformer (d. 1906)
 1840 - August Bebel, German political activist (d. 1913)
 1847 - Duchess Sophie Charlotte of Bavaria (d. 1897)
 1849 - Nikolay Yakovlevich Sonin, Russian mathematician (d. 1915)
1851  1900 
 1857 – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist (d. 1894)
 1857 – Robert Baden-Powell, British founder of the Scout movement (d. 1941)
 1864 - Jakob Jakobsen, Faroese linguist (d. 1918)
 1878 - Walter Ritz, Swiss physicist (d. 1909)
 1879 - Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted, Danish physical chemist (d. 1947)
 1880 - Eric Lemming, Swedish athlete (d. 1930)
 1881 - Joseph B. Ely, 52nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1956)
 1882 – Eric Gill, British sculptor (d. 1940)
 1883 - Marguerite Clark, American actress (d. 1940)
 1887 - Savielly Tartakower, Polish chess player (d. 1956)
 1888 - Owen Brewster, Governor of Maine (d. 1961)
 1889 – Olave Baden-Powell, British co-founder of the Girl Guides (d. 1977)
 1890 - Beatriz Michelena, Latin American movie actor (d. 1942)
 1891 - Vlas Chubar, Soviet politician (d. 1937)
 1892 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (d. 1950)
 1895 - Victor Raul Haya del Torre, Peruvian politician (d. 1979)
 1897 - Karol Swierczewski, Polish general (d. 1947)
1898 - Thillaiaadi Valliammai, South African activist (d. 1914)
 1899 - George O'Hara, American actor (d. 1966)
 1900 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish movie producer (d. 1983)
 1900 - James Sisnett, Barbadian supercentenarian (d. 2013)
1901  1950 
 1903 – Frank Plumpton Ramsey, British mathematician (d. 1930)
 1906 - Donald S. Russell, 107th Governor of South Carolina (d. 1998)
 1907 - Georg Braun, Austrian footballer (d. 1963)
 1907 - Sheldon Leonard, American actor (d. 1997)
 1907 - Robert Young, American actor (d. 1998)
 1908 - Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (d. 1981)
 1913 - Buddy Tate, American jazz musician (d. 2001)
 1914 – Renato Dulbecco, Italian virologist (d. 2012)
 1917 - Jane Bowles, American writer and playwright (d. 1973)
 1918 - Sid Abel, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2000)
 1918 – Robert Wadlow, tallest person in history (d. 1940)
 1918 - Don Pardo, American television and radio announcer (d. 2014)
 1921 - Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (d. 1994)
 1921 - Sune Andersson, Swedish footballer (d. 2002)
 1921 - Wayne C. Booth, American literary critic (d. 2005)
 1921 - Jean-Bédel Bokassa, leader of the Central African Republic (d. 1996)
 1921 - David Greene, British director (d. 2003)
1922 - Joe Wilder, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2014)
 1923 - Bleddyn Williams, Welsh rugby player (d. 2009)
 1925 - Kenneth Williams, English actor (d. 1988)
 1925 - Cyril Leonoff, Canadian civil engineer and historian (d. 2016)
 1925 - Gerald Stern, American poet
 1927 – Florencio Campomanes, Filipino chess player and official (d. 2010)
 1927 - Gus Douglass, American politician (d. 2015)
 1928 – Bruce Forsyth, British entertainer (d. 2017)
 1928 - Paul Dooley, American actor
 1929 - James Hong, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
 1930 - Giuliano Montaldo, Italian movie director
 1930 - Bill Mitchell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014)
 1930 - Marni Nixon, American singer (d. 2016)
 1932 – Ted Kennedy, United States Senator from Massachusetts (d. 2009)
 1933 – Sheila Hancock, British actress
 1933 - Katharine, Duchess of Kent
 1934 - Sparky Anderson, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010)
 1936 - J. Michael Bishop, American biologist
 1940 - Judy Cornwell, English actress
1940 - Billy Name, American photographer and filmmaker (d. 2016)
 1940 - Chet Walker, American basketball player
 1941 - Hipolito Mejia, former President of the Dominican Republic
 1942 - Christine Keeler, English model and showgirl (d. 2017)
 1943 – Horst Koehler, former President of Germany
 1944 - Robert Kardashian, American lawyer (d. 2003)
 1944 - Jonathan Demme, American movie producer and screenwriter (d. 2017)
 1944 - Tom Okker, Dutch tennis player
 1945 - Leslie Charleson, English actress
 1946 - Kresten Bjerre, Danish footballer (d. 2014)
 1947 - Maurizio De Angelis, Italian singer
 1949 - Olga Morozova, Russian tennis player
 1949 – Niki Lauda, Austrian racing driver
 1950 – Julie Walters, British actress
 1950 - Julius Erving, American basketball player
 1950 - Miou-Miou, French actress
1951  1975 
 1951 - Ellen Greene, American singer and actress
 1952 - Bill Frist, United States Senator
 1952 - Bernard Silverman, English minister, statistician and academic
 1953 - Nigel Planer, English actor
 1955 - David Axelrod, American political advisor
 1956 - Philip Kerr, British author (d. 2018)
 1958 - Dave Spitz, American musician
 1959 – Kyle MacLachlan, American actor
 1961 - Akira Takahashi, Japanese guitarist
 1962 – Steve Irwin, Australian wildlife expert and TV personality (d. 2006)
 1963 – Vijay Singh, Fijian golfer
 1963 - Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis, British politician
 1963 - Devon Malcolm, English cricketer
 1964 - Gigi Fernandez, Puerto Rican tennis player
 1965 - Chris Dudley, American basketball player
 1965 - Pat Lafontaine, American ice hockey player
 1965 - Kieren Fallon, Irish jockey
 1968 - Shawn Graham, Canadian politician, 31st Premier of New Brunswick
 1968 - Jayson Williams, American basketball player
 1969 – Brian Laudrup, Danish footballer
1969 – Marc Wilmots, Belgian footballer
 1969 - Clinton Kelly, American television personality
 1972 – Claudia Pechstein, German speed skater
 1973 - Philippe Gaumont, French cyclist (d. 2013)
 1973 - Claus Lundekvam, Norwegian footballer
 1973 – Juninho Paulista, Brazilian footballer
 1973 – Archil Arveladze, Georgian footballer
 1973 - Shota Arveladze, Georgian footballer
 1974 – Chris Moyles, British radio presenter
 1974 – Markus Schopp, Austrian footballer
 1974 – James Blunt, British singer
 1975 – Drew Barrymore, American actress
From 1976 
 1977 – Hakan Yakin, Swiss footballer
 1978 – Jenny Frost, British singer (Atomic Kitten), TV presenter (Snog Marry Avoid?) and model
 1979 – Brett Emerton, Australian footballer
 1979 - Lee Na-young, South Korean actress
 1980 - Jeanette Biedermann, German singer and actress
 1983 - Shaun Tait, Australian cricketer
 1983 - Ragna Ingolfsdottir, Icelandic badminton player
 1984 - Tommy Bowe, Irish rugby player
 1984 - Branislav Ivanovic, Serbian footballer
 1985 – Hameur Bouazza, Algerian footballer
 1985 - Ross Hutchins, British tennis player
 1985 - Larissa Riquelme, Paraguayan model
 1986 - Rajon Rondo, American basketball player
 1987 - Han Hyo-joo, South Korean actress and model
 1987 - Sergio Romero, Argentine footballer
 1987 - Enzo Pérez, Argentine footballer
 1988 - Efrain Juarez, Mexican footballer
 1988 - Ximena Navarrete, Mexican model and actress
 1989 - Anna Sundstrand, Swedish singer
 1991 - Robin Stjernberg, Swedish singer

Deaths
Up to 1900 
 556 - Maximilianus of Ravenna, Italian bishop (b. 499)
 606 - Pope Sabinian
 965 - Otto, Duke of Burgundy (b. 944)
 1071 - Arnulf III, Count of Flanders (b. 1055)
 1111 - Roger Borsa, King of Sicily
 1371 – King David II of Scotland (b. 1324)
 1512 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer (b. 1451)
 1627 - Olivier van Noort, Dutch navigator (b. 1558)
 1674 - Jean Chapelain, French writer (b. 1595)
 1690 - Charles Le Brun, French painter (b. 1619)
 1727 - Francesco Gasparini, Italian composer (b. 1661)
 1731 - Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1638)
 1732 - Francis Atterbury, English bishop and man of letters (b. 1663)
 1750 - Pietro Filippo Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1679)
 1797 - Karl Friedrich Hieronymus Freiherr von Munchhausen, German officer and adventurer (b. 1720)
 1799 - Heshen, Chinese official (b. 1750)
 1816 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher (b. 1723)
 1819 - Thomas Johnson, Governor of Maryland (b. 1752)
 1875 – Charles Lyell, British geologist (b. 1797)
1875 – Jean-Baptiste Corot, French painter (b. 1796)
 1890 – John Jacob Astor III, American businessman (b. 1822)
 1897 - Charles Blondin, French tightrope walker (b. 1824)
 1898 - Haungseon Daewongun, Korean king (b. 1820)
1901  2000 
 1903 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
 1913 – Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
 1914 - Thillaiaadi Valliammai, South African activist (b. 1898)
 1919 – Perito Moreno, Argentine geographer and explorer (b. 1852)
 1921 - Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1864)
 1923 - Théophile Delcasse, French statesman (b. 1852)
 1927 - Judson Harmon, Governor of Ohio (b. 1846)
 1930 - William Jeremiah Tuttle, American freestyle swimmer and water polo (b. 1882)
 1934 - Willem Kes, Dutch conductor (b. 1856)
 1939 – Antonio Machado, Spanish writer (b. 1875)
 1942 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (b. 1881)
 1943 - White Rose Resistance Activists executed:
Christoph Probst, German resistance activist (b. 1919)
Hans Scholl, German resistance activist (b. 1918)
Sophie Scholl, German resistance activist (b. 1921)
 1944 – Kasturba Gandhi, wife of Mahatma Gandhi (b. 1869)
 1945 - Osip Brik, Russian author and critic (b. 1888)
1958 - Abul Kalam Azad, Indian independence movement leader (b. 1888)
 1961 - Nick LaRocca, American jazz musician (b. 1889)
 1970 - Edward Selzer, American movie producer (b. 1893)
 1973 - Jean-Jacques Bertrand, Premier of Quebec (b. 1916)
 1973 - Winthrop Rockefeller, American politician, 37th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1912)
 1974 - Samuel Byck, American attempted assassin of Richard Nixon (b. 1930)
 1976 - Florence Ballard, American singer (b. 1943)
 1980 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter (b. 1886)
 1985 – Efrem Zimbalist, American violinist and composer (b. 1889)
 1987 – Andy Warhol, American artist, director, and writer (b. 1928)
 1989 - Moises da Costa Amaral, East Timorese politician (b. 1938)
 1994 – Papa John Creach, American musician (b. 1917)
 1995 – Ed Flanders, American actor (b. 1934)
 1998 - Donald S. Russell, 107th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1906)
 1998 - Abraham A. Ribicoff, 80th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1910)
From 2001 
 2002 - Roden Cutler, 32nd Governor of New South Wales (b. 1916)
 2002 – Chuck Jones, American cartoonist (b. 1912)
 2002 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan politician and rebel leader (b. 1934)
 2002 - Daniel Pearl, American journalist (b. 1963)
 2004 - Roqué Maspoli, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1917)
 2005 – Simone Simon, French actress (b. 1910)
 2012 – Marie Colvin, American journalist (b. 1956)
 2012 – Rémi Ochlik, French photojournalist (b. 1983)
 2013 - Hasse Jeppson, Swedish footballer (b. 1925)
 2013 - Wolfgang Sawallisch, German pianist and conductor (b. 1923)
 2014 - Charlotte Dawson, New Zealand-born Australian television personality (b. 1966)
 2014 - Leo Vroman, Dutch-American hematologist, poet and illustrator (b. 1915)
 2015 - Kim Kyung-roul, South Korean billiards player (b. 1980)
 2016 - Wesley A. Clark, American computer engineer (b. 1927)
 2016 - Sonny James, American country singer-songwriter (b. 1929)
 2016 - Hans Reffert, German musician (b. 1946)
2016 - Douglas Slocombe, English cinematographer (b. 1913)
 2016 - Yochanan Sofer, Hungarian-Israeli rabbi (b. 1922)
 2016 - Cara McCollum, American journalist and beauty queen (b. 1992)
 2016 - Cristiana Corsi, Italian taekwondo martial artist (b. 1976)
 2016 - Yolande Fox, American beauty queen, singer and activist (b. 1928)
 2017 - Frank Delaney, Irish author (b. 1942)
 2017 - Ricardo Dominguez, Mexican boxer (b. 1985)
 2017 - Eni Faleomavaega, American Samoan politician (b. 1943)
 2017 - Aleksei Petrenko, Russian actor (b. 1938)
 2017 - Ed Garvey, American lawyer and politician (b. 1940)
 2017 - John McCormack, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1925)
 2018 - Nanette Fabray, American actress and dancer (b. 1920)
 2018 - Forges, Spanish cartoonist (b. 1942)
 2018 - Richard E. Taylor, Canadian physicist (b. 1929)
Observances 
 Independence Day (Saint Lucia)
 World Thinking Day (Girl Scouts)
 Founder's Day (Scout Movement)

Days of the year
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865, during the American Civil War. Just five days after most of the Confederate forces had surrendered and the war was ending, John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln. Lincoln was the first president of the United States to be assassinated. Lincoln has been remembered as the "Great Emancipator" because he worked to end slavery in the United States. Lincoln is ranked in presidential opinion polls as the greatest president in U.S. history.
Life 
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. His family was very poor. Abraham had one brother and one sister. His brother died in childhood.  They grew up in a small log cabin, with just one room inside. Although slavery was legal in Kentucky at that time, Lincoln's father, who was a religious Baptist, refused to own any slaves.
When Lincoln was seven years old, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois. In his childhood he helped his father on the farm, but when he was 22 years old he left home and moved to New Salem, Illinois, where he worked in a general store.
Later, he said that he had gone to school for just one year, but that was enough to learn how to read, write, and do simple math. When he was 21, he worked on a flatboat that carried freight. In 1842, he married Mary Todd. They had four children, but three of them died when they were very young.
Abraham Lincoln was sometimes called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because of a legend stating that he ran miles to give a customer the right amount of change. The nickname "Honest Abe" came from a time when he started a business that failed. Instead of running away like many people would have, he stayed and worked to pay his debt.
Early political career 
Lincoln started his political career in 1832 when he ran for the Illinois General Assembly, but he lost the election. He served as a captain in the Illinois militia during the Black Hawk War, a war with Native American tribes. When he moved to Springfield in 1837, he began to work as a lawyer. Soon, he became one of the most highly respected lawyers in Illinois.
In 1837, as a member of the Illinois General Assembly, Lincoln issued a written protest of its passage of a resolution stating that slavery could not be abolished in Washington, D.C.

In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey v. Cromwell). He represented a black woman who claimed she had already been freed and could not be sold as a slave. In 1847, he lost a case (Matson v. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return of fugitive slaves. After he moved to Illinois, he worked as a shopkeeper and postmaster. He rode the circuit of courts for many years.
In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Party and was elected to one term in the House of Representatives.  After that, he ignored his political career and instead worked as a lawyer. In 1854, in reaction to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Lincoln became involved in politics again. He joined the Republican Party, which had recently been formed in opposition to the expansion of slavery. In 1858, he wanted to become senator. He ran for senate against Stephen A. Douglas. Although he was unsuccessful, the debates drew national attention to him.
The Republican Party nominated him for the Presidential election of 1860.

Presidency
Presidency 

Lincoln was chosen as a candidate for the Republican Party, the second candidate to be nominated from the party. He was chosen in 1860 for different reasons. Among these reasons was that his views on slavery were less extreme than those of other people who wanted to be candidates.  Lincoln was from what was then one of the Western states and had a bigger chance of winning the election there. Other candidates that were older or more experienced than him had enemies inside the party.  Lincoln's family was poor, which added to the Republican position of free labor, the opposite of slave labor. Lincoln won the election in 1860 and was made the 16th President of the United States.  He won with almost no votes in the South. For the first time, a president had won the election because of the large support he got from the states in the North. During his presidency Lincoln became well known because of his large stovepipe hat. He used his tall hat to store papers and documents when he was traveling.
The Civil War 

After Lincoln's election in 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas and Louisiana) formed the Confederate States of America. When the United States refused to surrender Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina, the Confederates attacked the fort, beginning the American Civil War.  Later, four more states (Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina) joined the Confederacy for a total of eleven.  In his whole period as president, he had to rebuild the Union with military force and many bloody battles.  He also had to stop the "border states", like Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland, from leaving the Union and joining the Confederacy.
Lincoln was not a general, and had only been in the army for a short time during the Black Hawk War.  However, he still took a major role in the war, often spending days and days in the War Department.  His plan was to cut off the South by surrounding it with ships, control the Mississippi River, and take Richmond, the Confederate capital.  He often clashed with generals in the field, especially George B. McClellan, and fired generals who lost battles or were not aggressive enough.  Eventually, he made Ulysses S. Grant the top general in the army.
Emancipation Proclamation 
With the Emancipation Proclamation begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom of all slaves in those states still in rebellion during the American Civil War. It did not actually immediately free all those slaves however, since those areas were still controlled by the rebelling states of the Confederacy. Only a small number of slaves already behind Union lines were immediately freed. As the Union army advanced, nearly all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves joined the Union army after 1862.
The Proclamation also did not free slaves in the slave states that had remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply to areas where Union forces had already regained control, as in Tennessee. Until the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1865, only the states had power to end slavery within their own borders, so Lincoln issued the proclamation as a war measure.
The Proclamation made freeing the slaves a Union goal for the war, and put an end to movements in European nations (especially in Great Britain and France) that would have recognized the Confederacy as an independent nation.  Lincoln then sponsored a constitutional amendment to free all slaves. The Thirteenth Amendment, making slavery illegal everywhere in the United States, was passed late in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

Gettysburg Address 

Lincoln made a famous speech after the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 called the Gettysburg Address.  The battle was very important, and many soldiers from both sides died.  The speech was given at the new cemetery for the dead soldiers.  It is one of the most famous speeches in American history.

Second term and assassination
Lincoln was re-elected president by a small number of votes in 1864 and re-inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Soon afterward, it appeared likely that the Union would win the Civil War. Lincoln wanted to make it easy for states that had rebelled to restore self-government. On April 9, 1865, the leading Confederate general, Robert E. Lee, surrendered his armies. On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a speech in which he promoted voting rights for black American citizens.

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the law that created the secret service, the US President's security force. On the evening of April 14, Lincoln went to attend a play with his wife, Mary Todd at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C.. He had invited Ulysses S. Grant to attend the play with him and his wife Mary Todd, and Grant planned to attend. As a general, Grant would have brought his own extra military security force, but he did not attend the play because his wife Julia and Mary Todd did not get along well.
During the third act of the play, John Wilkes Booth, a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland, entered the presidential box and shot Lincoln at point-blank range, mortally wounding him and screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An unconscious Lincoln was carried across the street to Petersen House. He was placed diagonally on the bed because his tall frame would not fit normally on the smaller bed. He remained in a coma for nine hours before dying the next morning. According to some accounts, at his last drawn breath, on the morning after the assassination, he smiled broadly and then expired. Lincoln was the first American president to be assassinated.

Booth escaped but died from shots fired during his capture on April 26.

Legacy
Legacy 

Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as one of the greatest U.S. presidents. He is often considered the greatest president in American history for his leadership during the American Civil War and his eloquence in speeches such as the Gettysburg Address.

References

Other websites 

 The Lincoln Institute
 Abraham Lincoln Research Site
 A One Page Summary of Abraham Lincoln's Life
 Abraham Lincoln at Find a Grave
 Lincoln's White House biography 
 Abraham Lincoln -Citizendium
 Abe Lincoln History Site 

1809 births
1865 deaths
 
American abolitionists
Assassinated presidents of the United States
Deaths by firearm in the United States
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
Politicians from Kentucky
United States representatives from Illinois
American Civil War
19th-century American politicians
Nationalists
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Kentucky
Lawyers from Illinois
Up to 1900 
 881 - Pope John VIII crowns Charles the Fat as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
 1354 – Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
 1502  - Vasco da Gama sets sail from Lisbon on his second voyage to India.
 1541 – Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia.
 1554 – A year after claiming the throne of England for nine days, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason.
 1593 - Japanese invasion of Korea: Approximately 3,000 Joseon defenders led by General Kwok Yul, successfully repel over 30,000 Japanese in the Siege of Haengju.
 1619 - The Diego Ramirez Islands to the southwest of Cape Horn and near Antarctica are discovered.
 1689 – The Convention Parliament convenes and declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II, the last Catholic British monarch, constitutes an abdication.
 1719 – The Onderlinge van 1719 u.a., the oldest existing life insurance company in the Netherlands is founded.
1733 – Englishman James Oglethorpe founds the 13th and final American colony of Georgia, and its first city at Savannah.
 1737 – The Teatro di San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated.
 1771 – Gustav III becomes the King of Sweden when his father Adolf Frederick "[eats] himself to death".
 1772 - Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Tremarec's expedition discovers the Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Indian Ocean near Antarctica.
 1817 – The Chilean patriotic army, after crossing the Andes, defeats Spanish troops at the Battle of Chacabuco.
 1818 – Bernardo O'Higgins signs the Independence of Chile near Concepción.
 1825 – The Creek cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government, and migrate west.
 1832 – Ecuador annexes the Galápagos Islands.
 1851 - The Australian gold rushes start, as Edward Hargreaves announces finding gold in Bathurst, New South Wales.
 1855 - Michigan State University is founded.
 1870 – Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory.
1879 – At New York City's Madison Square Garden the first artificial ice rink in North America opens.
 1892 – Former President Abraham Lincoln's birthday is declared a national holiday in the United States.
 1894 – Anarchist Emile Henry hurls a bomb into Paris's Cafe Terminus, killing one and wounding 20.
1901  2000 
 1909 - Inter-island ferry SS Penguin sinks and explodes in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand.
 1909 – The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.
 1912 – Xuantong Emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, the last Emperor of China, abdicates.
 1912 – China adopts the Gregorian calendar.
 1914 – In Washington, DC, the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
 1924 – Premiere of George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman's Palais Royal Orchestra in Aeolian Hall in New York City.
 1924 – Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio.
 1934 – The Austrian Civil War begins.
 1934 – The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.
 1934 – In Spain the national council of Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista is inaugurated. The council decides to merge the movement with the Falange Española.
1935 - The helium-filled airship SS Macon crashes into the Pacific Ocean off California.
 1938 – Anschluss: German troops enter Austria.
 1941 - A police officer in London becomes the first person treated by penicillin.
 1944 - Japanese U-boat I-27 sinks British troop transporter Khedive Ismail in the Indian Ocean, killing 1,297 out of the 1,511 people on board. The Japanese U-boat itself is sunk later that day, killing all but one of the naval personnel on board.
 1946 – Operation Deadlight ends after scuttling 121 of 154 captured U-boats.
 1947 - A meteor creates an impact crater in Sikhote-Alin, Soviet Union.
 1947 - Christian Dior unveils a "New Look", helping Paris regain its place as capital of the fashion world.
 1951 – Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari marries the Shah of Iran Reza Pahlavi at Golestan Palace in Teheran at age of 17.
 1961 - The Soviet Venera 1 space probe is sent to Venus.
 1963 - Building work on the Gateway Arch, Saint Louis, Missouri, begins.
1971 - Bhutan's full sovereignty from India is gained.
 1973 – Ohio becomes the first U.S. state to post distance in SI units on signs.
 1973 – Vietnam War: The first American prisoners of war are released by the NLF.
 1974 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is exiled from the Soviet Union.
 1990 - In Western Australia, Carmen Lawrence becomes the first female Premier of an Australian state.
 1994 – 1994 Winter Olympics open in Lillehammer, Norway.
 1998 – The presidential line-item veto is declared unconstitutional by a United States federal judge.
 1999 – President Bill Clinton is acquitted by the United States Senate in his impeachment trial.
From 2001 
 2001 – NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft touchdown in the "saddle" region of 433 Eros, becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid.
 2001 – Google obtains Usenet, creating Google Groups. (press release)
 2002 – The trial of former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević begins at the United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague.
 2002 – Nuclear waste: US Secretary of Energy makes the decision that Yucca Mountain is suitable to be the United States' nuclear repository.
 2002 – An Iran Air Tupolev Tu-154 crashes prior to landing in Khorramabad, Iran, killing 119.
 2004 – Mayor Gavin Newsom of San Francisco, California, on National Freedom to Marry Day, orders his county clerk to revise marriage licenses to allow gay and lesbian couples to legally wed.
 2004 – Mattel Inc. announces the split of Barbara Millicent Roberts and Ken Carson (aka Barbie and Ken) after 43 years of dating.
2005 – Former Vermont governor and presidential candidate Howard Dean becomes chairman of the Democratic National Committee.
 2009 – A plane crash, of Colgan Air Flight 3407, in Clarence Center, Buffalo, New York, kills all of the people on board and one on the ground.
 2010 – Georgian luge competitor Nodar Kumaritashvili dies after an accident that occurred while he was training for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, which open on the same day.
 2012 - The Zambia national football team wins the Africa Cup of Nations, defeating the Ivory Coast national football team in a penalty shoot-out.
 2013 - North Korea announces that it has carried out an underground nuclear test, at around a kilometer's depth, despite criticism from around the world.
 2017 - North Korea announces that it has launched a rocket, leading to condemnation from the United States, Japan and South Korea.
 2017 - Frank-Walter Steinmeier is chosen to succeed Joachim Gauck as President of Germany on March 19.
Up to 1800 
 41 – Britannicus, Roman heir to the throne (d. 55)
 712 – Du Fu, Chinese poet (d. 770)
 1074 - Conrad II of Italy (d. 1101)
 1218 - Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (d. 1256)
 1322 - John Henry, Margrave of Moravia (d. 1375)
 1567 – Thomas Campion, English composer and poet (d. 1620)
 1584 - Caspar Berlaeus, Dutch theologian, poet and historian (d. 1648)
 1606 - John Winthrop the Younger, Governor of Connecticut (d. 1676)
 1637 - Jan Swammerdam, Dutch biologist (d. 1680)
 1665 - Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (d. 1721)
 1752 - Josef Reicha, Czech cellist, composer and conductor (d. 1795)
 1761 - Jan Ladislav Dussek, Czech composer and conductor (d. 1812)
 1768 – Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1835)
 1773 - Jacques Dupré, American politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 1846)
 1775 – Louisa Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1852)
 1777 – Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, German poet (d. 1843)
 1788 – Carl Reichenbach, German chemist and philosopher (d. 1869)
1791 - Peter Cooper, American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (d. 1883)
 1794 - Alexander Petrov, Russian chess player (d. 1867)
 1800 - John Edward Gray, English zoologist (d. 1875)
1801  1900 
 1804 - Heinrich Lenz, German physicist (d. 1865)
 1809 – Charles Darwin, English naturalist (d. 1882)
 1809 – Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (d. 1865)
 1813 - James Dwight Dana, American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist (d. 1895)
 1813 - Otto Ludwig, German writer (d. 1865)
 1814 - Jenny von Westphalen, German socialist and wife of Karl Marx (d. 1881)
 1815 - Edward Forbes, British naturalist (d. 1854)
 1817 - Conrad Baker, 15th Governor of Indiana (d. 1885)
 1828 - George Meredith, English writer (d. 1909)
 1837 - Thomas Moran, American painter (d. 1926)
 1843 - John Graham Chambers, English race walker (d. 1883)
 1865 - Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Polish poet and writer (d. 1940)
 1869 – Kien Phuc, Emperor of Vietnam (d. 1884)
 1870 - Marie Lloyd, English music-hall performer (d. 1922)
 1876 – Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama, Tibetan spiritual leader (d. 1933)
 1877 – Louis Renault, French industrialist and automobile pioneer (d. 1944)
1881 – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (d. 1931)
 1882 - Walter Nash, 27th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1968)
 1884 – Max Beckmann, German artist (d. 1950)
 1884 - Marie Vassilieff, Russian artist (d. 1957)
 1884 - Alice Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt (d. 1980)
 1885 – Julius Streicher, Nazi publisher (d. 1946)
 1887 - Edelmiro Julian Farrell, President of Argentina (d. 1980)
 1893 – Omar Bradley, American general (d. 1981)
 1895 - Kristian Djurhuus, 2nd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1984)
 1900 – Vasily Chuikov, Soviet marshal and politician (d. 1982)
1901  1950 
 1905 - Federica Montseny, Spanish anarchist, intellectual and politician (d. 1994)
 1908 - Jacques Herbrand, French mathematician (d. 1931)
 1909 - Sigmund Rascher, German Nazi physician (d. 1945)
 1910 - Lee Byung-chull, Korean businessman (d. 1987)
 1911 - Cearbhall O Dalaigh, President of Ireland (d. 1978)
 1911 – Charles Mathiesen, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1994)
 1914 - Tex Beneke, American singer, saxophonist and bandleader (d. 2000)
 1914 - Arvid Pardo, Italian-Maltese diplomat (d. 1999)
 1915 - Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987)
 1915 - Olivia Hooker, African-American sailor
 1916 – Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco (d. 1998)
 1917 - Al Cervi, American basketball player (d. 2009)
 1917 – Dom DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 2009)
 1918 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist (d. 1994)
 1918 - Norman Farberow, American psychologist (d. 2015)
 1919 – Ferruccio Valcareggi, Italian footballer (d. 2005)
 1920 - Pran, Indian actor (d. 2013)
1920 - Yoshiko Otaka, Japanese actress, singer and politician (d. 2014)
 1922 – Hussein Onn, Prime Minister of Malaysia (d. 1990)
 1923 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian movie, opera director and designer (d. 2019)
 1924 - Louis Zorich, American actor (d. 2018)
 1925 - Joan Finney, Governor of Kansas (d. 2001)
 1926 - Rolf Brem, Swiss sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist (d. 2014)
 1926 - Joe Garagiola, Sr., American baseball player (d. 2016)
 1926 - Buddy Childers, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2007)
 1926 - Charles Van Doren, American quiz show contestant
 1930 - Arlen Specter, United States Senator for Pennsylvania (d. 2012)
 1932 - Maurice Filion, Canadian ice hockey coach
 1932 - Julian Simon, American economist (d. 1998)
 1933 - Costa-Gravas, Greek-French movie director and producer
 1934 – Annette Crosbie, Scottish actress
 1934 – Bill Russell, American basketball player
 1934 - Anne Osborn Krueger, American professor and former deputy director of the International Monetary Fund
1936 - Fang Lizhi, Chinese activist (d. 2012)
 1936 - Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, Iraqi-Israeli politician (d. 2016)
 1936 - Joe Don Baker, American actor
 1939 – Ray Manzarek, American musician (The Doors) (d. 2013)
 1941 – Naomi Uemura, Japanese adventurer (d. 1984)
 1941 - Dominguinhos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and accordion player (d. 2013)
 1942 - Lionel Grigson, English pianist, composer and educator (d. 1994)
 1942 - Norma Major, English writer and charity worker, wife of John Major
 1942 – Ehud Barak, former Prime Minister of Israel
 1945 – Thilo Sarrazin, German politician
 1945 - David D. Friedman, American economist
 1946 – Ajda Pekkan, Turkish singer
 1946 – Jean Eyeghé Ndong, Prime Minister of Gabon
 1948 – Bernd Franke, German footballer
 1948 – Raymond Kurzweil, American inventor and writer
 1948 - Mike Robitaille, Canadian ice hockey player
 1949 - Fergus Slattery, Irish rugby player
 1950 - Angelo Branduardi, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1950 - Michael Ironside, Canadian actor, screenwriter and director
 1950 – Steve Hackett, English guitarist
1951  1975 
 1951 – Steven Parent, American murder victim (d. 1969)
 1952 – Simon MacCorkindale, British actor (d. 2010)
 1952 – Michael McDonald, American singer and musician
 1956 – Arsenio Hall, American television host
 1956 - Ad Melkert, Dutch politician
 1956 - Brian Robertson, Scottish guitarist and songwriter
 1961 – Michel Martelly, Haitian musician, businessman, politician and President of Haiti
 1964 - Michel Petit, Canadian ice hockey player
 1965 - John Michael Higgins, American actor
 1968 – Josh Brolin, American actor
 1968 – Christopher McCandless, American nomad (d. 1992)
 1968 - Gregory Charles, Canadian singer, dancer, pianist and actor
 1969 – Meja, Swedish singer-songwriter
 1969 - Steve Backley, British javelin thrower
 1969 - Alemayehu Atomsa, Ethiopian politician (d. 2014)
 1971 - Scott Menville, American actor, voice actor and musician
 1973 – Tara Strong, Canadian-American actress
 1973 - Gianni Romme, Dutch speed skater
 1975 - Scott Pollard, American basketball player
From 1976 
 1976 – Christian Cullen, New Zealand rugby player
 1977 – Jimmy Conrad, American soccer player
 1978 – Gethin Jones, Welsh television presenter
 1980 – Juan Carlos Ferrero, Spanish tennis player
 1980 – Christina Ricci, American actress
 1980 - Sarah Lancaster, American actress
 1981 - Lisa Hannigan, Irish singer
 1982 – Anthony Tuitavake, New Zealand rugby player
 1984 – Brad Keselowski, American racing driver
 1984 – Peter Utaka, Nigerian footballer
 1984 - Andrei Sidorenkov, Estonian footballer
 1985 – Saskia Burmeister, Australian swimmer
 1987 - Jérémy Chardy, French tennis player
 1988 – Mike Posner, American singer
 1988 – Nicolas Otamendi, Argentine footballer
 1989 - Ron-Robert Zieler, German footballer
 1990 - Moussa Koné, Ivory Coast footballer
 1991 - Patrick Herrmann, German footballer
 1991 - Casey Abrams, American singer
 1993 – Jennifer Stone, American actress
 1994 - Alex Galchenyuk, American ice hockey player

Deaths
Up to 1900 
 821 - Benedict of Ariane, French monk and saint (b. 747)
 991 - Emperor En'yu of Japan (b. 959)
 1242 - Henry (VII) of Germany (b. 1211)
 1538 - Albrecht Altdorfer, German painter (b. 1480)
 1554 – Lady Jane Grey, Queen of England for nine days (b. 1537)
 1571 - Nicholas Throckmorton, English diplomat and politician (b. 1515)
 1612 - Christopher Clavius, German astronomer (b. 1538)
 1692 - Hendrick Hamel, Dutch sailor and bookkeeper (b. 1630)
 1700 - Aleksei Shein, Russian general and statesman (b. 1662)
 1724 - Elkanah Settle, English writer (b. 1648)
 1763 – Pierre Carlet de Marivaut, French writer (b. 1688)
 1771 – King Adolf Frederick of Sweden (b. 1710)
 1787 – Rugjer Josip Boskovic, mathematician and physicist (b. 1711)
 1789 – Ethan Allen, American patriot (b. 1738)
 1799 - Lazzaro Spallanzani, Italian biologist (b. 1729)
 1804 – Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (b. 1724)
 1834 – Friedrich Schleiermacher, German philosopher (b. 1768)
1886 - Horatio Seymour, American politician, Governor of New York (b. 1810)
 1896 – Ambroise Thomas, French composer (b. 1811)
1901  2000 
 1912 – Gerhard Armauer Hansen, Norwegian doctor and scientist (b. 1841)
 1916 – Richard Dedekind, mathematician (b. 1831)
 1929 – Lillie Langtry, singer and actress (b. 1853)
 1933 – Henri Duparc, French composer (b. 1848)
 1935 – Auguste Escoffier, French chef (b. 1846)
 1936 - Ibra Charles Blackwood, Governor of South Carolina (b. 1878)
 1942 – Grant Wood, American painter (b. 1891)
 1949 – Imam Hassan al Banna, founder of the Muslim brotherhood (b. 1906)
 1951 – Choudhary Rahmat Ali, founding father of Pakistan (b. 1897)
 1954 – Dziga Vertov, Russian movie maker (b. 1896)
 1960 - Jean-Michel Atlan, French painter (b. 1913)
 1968 - Maria Caspar-Filser, German artist (b. 1878)
 1970 - Ishman Bracey, American blues musician (b. 1901)
 1971 – James C. Penney, American department store founder (b. 1875)
 1976 – Sal Mineo, actor (b. 1939)
 1979 – Jean Renoir, director (b. 1894)
 1982 – Victor Jory, Canadian actor (b. 1902)
 1983 – Eubie Blake, American musician and songwriter (b. 1883 or 1887)