Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1953 births
Living people
American composers
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Actors from Akron, Ohio
Writers from Akron, Ohio
Musicians from Akron, Ohio
Movie directors from Ohio
Movie producers from Ohio
Screenwriters from Ohio
Independence Day has been celebrated every year on 15 August since 15 August 1947. On that date, British India became an independent country, the Dominion of India. (The Dominion of India became today's Republic of India in 1950, on Republic Day.)

Mahatma Gandhi is one of those who served the country as a father and so he is called the father of the nation. Many times our freedom fighters were beaten and sent behind bars but they did not lose their confidence to fight for Indian Independence.

Apart from Gandhiji, Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, Dr Rajendra Prsad, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Subhash Chandra Bose, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and many others had to face the exploitation of Britishers. After a lot of struggles and difficulties, we got freedom from British rule.

August events
British India
Holidays of India
Indian independence movement
Bonvillars is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Bretonnières is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Bullet is a municipality in the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Grandevent is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Fiez is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Giez is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Sergey is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Mauborget is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Suchy is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Mutrux is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

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Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
The Addams Family (1991) is an American movie based on the cartoon by Charles Addams and the TV series by David Levy. It was the first movie directed by Barry Sonnenfeld. A sequel was released in 1993.

Plot 
Gomez Addams (Raul Julia) misses his brother Fester (Christopher Lloyd), who left 25 years earlier after they had a big fight. Gomez's lawyer, Tully Alford (Dan Hedaya), owes money to Abigail Craven (Elizabeth Wilson), and notices that her adopted son, Gordon looks like Fester. Tully tells Gordon to pretend to be Fester to get close to the Addams family and find their riches. Tully and his wife, Margaret (Dana Ivey), join Grandmama to try to talk to Fester's ghost. Gordon arrives, pretending to be Fester, and Abigail tells the family Fester has been in the Bermuda Triangle.
Gordon grows closer to the Addams family, particularly the children Wednesday (Christina Ricci) and Pugsley (Jimmy Workman), and he teaches them about swords for a school play. Fake Fester goes to the play, even though Abigail told him not to do so. After the play, Abigail says fake Fester must go away again, so the Addamses throw a large party. Wednesday hears Abigail and Gordon talking about plans to break into the vault. Tully learns that Fester, as the biggest brother, owns all of the Addams property. The Addamses' neighbor, Judge George Womack (Paul Benedict), helps the bad guys kick the Addamses out of their house.

Abigail, Gordon and Tully try and fail many times to get past the booby trap blocking the vault. The Addams family must move to a motel and get jobs. Morticia tries being a preschool teacher, Wednesday and Pugsley sell poisoned lemonade, and Thing (Christopher Hart)—the family's living hand—becomes a "delivery hand." Gomez is too sad to work.
Morticia returns to the Addams home and Abigail and Tully catcher her and punish her, trying to learn how to get in the vault. Thing sees them and tells Gomez. The Addamses rush to save Morticia. Abigail threatens to kill Morticia unless they give her their money. Gordon stops Abigail. He uses a magic book to make a storm hit the house. Lightening strikes his head and launches Tully and Abigail out a window and into graves Wednesday and Pugsley had dug.

Gordon's memory returns after the lightening strike, and he remembers that he was the real Fester all along. Morticia tells Gomez that she is pregnant.
Cast 
 Anjelica Huston as Morticia Addams
 Raul Julia as Gomez Addams
 Christopher Lloyd as Uncle Fester
 Christina Ricci as Wednesday Addams
 Jimmy Workman as Pugsley Addams
 Judith Malina as Grandmama
 Carel Struycken as Lurch
 Christopher Hart's hand as Thing
 John Franklin as Cousin Itt
 Rick Gomez as the voices of Cousin Itt and Digit Addams
 Elizabeth Wilson as Abigail Craven
 Dan Hedaya as Tully Alford
 Dana Ivey as Margaret Alford
 Paul Benedict as George Womack
 Mercedes McNab as the girl scout
 Sally Jessy Raphael as Herself
 Tony Azito as Digit Addams
 Barry Sonnenfeld as Passenger On Gomez's Train.

Music score 
The soundtrack for The Addams Family features the song "Addams Groove" by MC Hammer.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

The Addams Family
1991 comedy movies
1991 fantasy movies
1990s American fantasy movies
American comedy movies
Movies about families
Movies based on TV series
Movies directed by Barry Sonnenfeld‎
Paramount Pictures movies
"Michigan, My Michigan" is a popular anthem in the State of Michigan, and erroneously believed by many to be Michigan's official state song. The actual state song, "My Michigan", was formally adopted in 1937 but remains relatively obscure, due in part to the misconception that the official song is "Michigan, My Michigan."

Michigan
Sándor Sára (28 November 1933 – 22 September 2019) was a Hungarian cinematographer and movie director. He directed 16 movies between 1962 and 2004. His movie The Upthrown Stone was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival. His other works include: Ten Thousand Days (1967), Szindbád (1971) and 80 Hussars (1978).

References

Other websites

1933 births
2019 deaths
Cinematographers
Hungarian movie directors
Ivan Kizimov (; 28 May 1928 – 22 September 2019) was a Soviet-born Russian equestrian and Olympic champion. He was born in Novocherkassk. He won a gold medal in dressage at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, and a gold medal in team dressage at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1928 births
2019 deaths
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Patchur, Karaikal is a small revenue village (hamlet). It belongs to the Karaikal taluk, Karaikal district, Puducherry, India. This area is mostly famous for the Sri Dharmasasta Ayyapan Temple. This is the only Ayyapan temple in the Karaikal region.

References 

Villages in India
Karaikal District
Anastasia Yuryevna Zavorotnyuk (; born April 3, 1971) is a Russian actress and television presenter. She was known for her role in the My Fair Nanny television show. Zavorotnyuk was born in Astrakhan, Russia. 

In 2018, Zavorotnyul was diagnosed with glioblastoma. 

On 13 September 2019, Zavorotnyuk was hospitalized for multiple organ failure and was in a coma. The next day, her cancer treatment stopped and was placed on a ventilator.

References

Other websites

1971 births
Living people
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Russian stage actors
Jevan Bryce Snead (September 2, 1987 – September 21, 2019) was an American football quarterback. He played college football at Mississippi after sitting behind Colt McCoy for Texas. He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent and then cut.  Snead was also a pre-season member of the Tampa Bay Storm.

Snead died on September 17, 2019 in Austin, Texas at the age of 32.

References

1987 births
2019 deaths
Sportspeople from Texas
American football quarterbacks
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Jean-Claude Narcy (born 16 January 1938) is a French journalist and news anchor. He has presented the daily news in the evening and at night on TF1. Narcy was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France. Narcy was named Commander of the Legion of Honor in 2009.

References

1938 births
Living people
French journalists
French television presenters
People from Tours
Alice Belaïdi (born 18 March 1987) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 20 movies and television shows since 2010. She is known for her roles in The Gorillas (2015), Jailbirds (2015), Odd Job (2016), and in the Netflix movie The Climb (2017).

References

Other websites
 

1987 births
Living people
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
Madhavrao Laxmanrao Apte  (5 October 1932 – 23 September 2019) was a former Indian cricketer. He  played in 7 Tests from 1952 to 1953. He was elected to the office of the President of the Cricket Club of India in 1989. Apte was born in Bombay.

Apte died on 23 September 2019 at a Mumbai hospital from cardiac arrest at the age of 86.

References

1932 births
2019 deaths
Indian cricketers
Deaths from cardiac arrest
People from Bombay
Carl "The Cuban" Ruiz (April 4, 1975 – September 21, 2019) was a Cuban-American restaurant-owner and celebrity chef. He was born in Passaic, New Jersey. Ruiz was best known as a judge on many cooking competition shows on Food Network in the United States. He was also known for working with Guy Fieri and was a judge on his shows, including Guy's Grocery Games and Guy's Ranch Kitchen.

Ruiz died in his sleep on September 21, 2019, of a suspected heart attack while visiting friends in Maryland, aged 44.

References

1975 births
2019 deaths
American chefs
People from Passaic, New Jersey
Television personalities from New Jersey
Guy Ramsay Fieri (, ; né Ferry; born January 22, 1968) is an American restaurateur, author, game show host, and an Emmy Award winning television personality.

He co-owns three restaurants in California, licenses his name to restaurants in New York City and Las Vegas, Nevada, and is known for hosting many television series on the Food Network.

By mid-2010, the Food Network had made Fieri the "face of the network".

References

Emmy Award winners
1968 births
Living people
American chefs
American game show hosts
Television personalities from Ohio
Businesspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Writers from Columbus, Ohio
In international relations, a power bloc is an association of groups, especially nations, having a common interest and acting as a single political force.

History of international relations
International politics
An epoch is the time that begins a calendar and is one of the things that defines a calendar, along with what the units of time are and how they fit into the calendar. The epoch could be called Year Zero, or Second Zero, or other names like that.

calendars
Günter Kunert (; 6 March 1929 – 21 September 2019) was a German writer and political commentator. Born in Berlin, he left the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) to live in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). He joined the main political party of East Germany, the Socialist Unity Party (SED) in 1948.

A poet, Kunert also wrote short stories, essays, autobiographical works, aphorisms, satires, fairy tales, science fiction, radio plays, speeches, travel writing, movie scripts, a novel, and a drama.

In the 1970s, he was a writing lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin. In 2009, Kunert won the America Award in Literature.

Life 
Kunert was born in Berlin. Kunert died in Kaisborstel on 21 September 2019 at the age of 90.

Awards 
Kunert was an honorary doctor of several universities in Italy and the United States. He was awarded the Heinrich Heine Prize of Düsseldorf in 1985, the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2012 and the Kunstpreis of Schleswig-Holstein in 2014.
References

Other websites

 
 
 

1929 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
German poets
Political commentators
Writers from Berlin
Mack may refer to:

Businesses
Mack Trucks, an American truck company
Mack Group, an American corporation providing contract manufacturing
Mack Brewery, a Norwegian brewery
Mack Rides, a German ride manufacturer
Mack Air, a Botswana air charter line
Mack (publishing), an art and photography publishing house based in London

People
Mack (given name)
Mack (surname)
Reinhold Mack, German record producer and sound engineer, often credited as simply "Mack"
Richard Machowicz (1965–2017), host of FutureWeapons and Deadliest Warrior, known as "Mack"
Lee Mack (born 1968), comedian and star of Not Going Out and team captain on Would I Lie to You?

Places

United States 
Mack, Colorado, an unincorporated town
Mack, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
Mack, Minnesota, an unincorporated town
Mack, Ohio, a census-designated place

Bahamas 
Mack Town
Bahamas 
Mack Town

Other uses
USS Mack (DE-358), a destroyer escort which served in World War II
Mack (ship), in naval architecture, a structure combining a ship's radar masts and funnels
The Mack, a 1973 blaxploitation movie
Mack Park, original home field of the Detroit Stars Negro National League baseball franchise
9/11 is a 2002 documentary about the September 11 attacks in New York, where two planes crashed into the buildings of the World Trade Center. The movie was directed by Jules and Gédéon Naudet and James Hanlon.

Other websites 

American documentary movies
2002 movies
Movies based on the September 11 attacks
Movies set in Manhattan
Butene is the third occurring chemical compound in the alkene series of compounds. It has the chemical formula C4H8. Butene is made in laboratories. Butane is  formed from covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon atoms.

There are four isomers, and all are gases at room temperature.
All four of these hydrocarbons have four carbon atoms and one double bond in their molecules, but have different chemical structures. The IUPAC and common names, respectively, of these chemical compounds are:

4
Jan Merlin (born Jan Wasylewski; April 3, 1925 – September 20, 2019) was an American character actor, screenwriter, and author. Merlin was born in New York City. His best known roles were Hell Bent for Leather, Guns of Diablo (1965), The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1967), Take the Money and Run (1969), The Twilight People (1972), I Escaped from Devil's Island (1973), The Slams (1973), The Hindenburg (1975) and Time Trackers (1989).

Merlin died on September 20, 2019 in Burbank, California at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
 

1925 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Alberto Ángel Fernández (born 2 April 1959) is an Argentine lawyer and politician. Fernández has been the 57th President of Argentina since 2019. He was the Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers during Néstor Kirchner's presidency, and the early months of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's. His tenure as Cabinet Chief from 2003 to 2008 remains the longest since the post was created in 1994.

In May 2019, Fernández announced his candidacy for president for the 2019 election. He was elected president in October 2019, beating incumbent President Mauricio Macri with a 48% to 40% vote count.

In April 2023, Fernández announced that he decided to not seek reelection to the presidency in the 2023 election.

References

1959 births
Living people
Presidents of Argentina
Current national leaders
Argentine lawyers
Politicians from Buenos Aires
Roberto Lavagna (born 24 March 1942) is an Argentine economist and politician. He was Minister of Economy and Production from April 27, 2002 until November 28, 2005.

References

1942 births
Living people
Politicians from Buenos Aires
Argentine economists
Scientists from Buenos Aires
Writers from Buenos Aires
Eduardo Alberto Duhalde (; born 5 October 1941) is an Argentine politician. He was the President of Argentina from 2002 to 2003. He also was the Vice President between 1989 to 1991 during the Carlos Menem presidency.

References

Presidents of Argentina
Vice presidents of Argentina
1941 births
Living people
Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (born 25 July 1947) is an Argentine Peronist politician. He was an interim President of Argentina between 23 December 2001 through 30 December 2001.

References

Presidents of Argentina
1947 births
Living people
Louisiana () or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France. It was under French control 1682 to 1762 and 1801 (nominally) to 1803 when France sold it in the Louisiana Purchase. The area was named after King Louis XIV by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. The area included most of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River, and it went from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, and it went from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains.

Louisiana included two regions. These regions are now known as Upper Louisiana (), which began north of the Arkansas River, and Lower Louisiana (). Most of the French people in Upper Louisiana came from Canada.

The U.S. state of Louisiana is named for the historical region. Although it is only a small part of the vast lands claimed by France.

References
References

Other websites
 Site du ministère de la culture française: La Louisiane française (1682–1803)
 Bibliothèque Nationale de France: La France en Amérique
 Archives Canada-France: Nouvelle-France. Histoire d'une terre française en Amérique
 Site personnel de Jean-Pierre Pazzoni: Histoire de la Louisiane française
 Site de l'association France-Louisiane: Louisiane française. Entretien avec Bernard Lugan
 Hérodote: 9 avril 1682, Cavelier de la Salle baptise la Louisiane
 University of Laval: 30 avril 1803: traité d'achat de la Louisiane 
Museum of the State of Louisiana 
Fort Rosalie, Mississippi
New France: 1524–1763
History of New Orleans

History of Louisiana
History of the United States
1682 establishments
1680s establishments in North America
17th-century establishments in France
1763
1760s disestablishments
Disestablishments in North America
1802 establishments in North America
1804 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in the United States
Louisiana () was an administrative district of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1763 to 1801. It included the area west of the Mississippi River basin, plus New Orleans. Spain got the territory from France, which had named it La Louisiane after King Louis XIV in 1682. It is sometimes called Spanish Louisiana. The district was given back to France, under the terms of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800) and the Treaty of Aranjuez (1801). In 1802, King Charles IV of Spain wrote a royal bill on 14 October. This changed the transfer and outlined the conditions.

However, Spain agreed to still run the colony until French officials came and made the transfer official (1803). The ceremony happened at the Cabildo in New Orleans on 30 November 1803. This was just three weeks before the formalities of cession from France to the United States pursuant to the Louisiana Purchase.
1763 establishments
18th-century establishments in Spain
1802
19th-century disestablishments in North America
18th-century establishments in North America
1800s disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in the United States
History of Louisiana
History of Missouri
History of Arkansas
History of Iowa
History of Nebraska
History of Kansas
History of Minnesota
History of Colorado
History of South Dakota
History of North Dakota
History of Montana
History of Wyoming
The Treaty of Aranjuez (1801) was signed on 21 March 1801 by France and Spain. It confirmed the terms of the secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso dated 1 October 1800. That treaty said Spain would give its North American colony of Spanish Louisiana for territories in Tuscany.

19th-century treaties
1800s in France
19th century in Spain
Treaties of France
Treaties of Spain
Chamblon is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Champagne is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Baxter Springs is a city in Cherokee County, Kansas, United States. It is along the Spring River. In 2010 census, 4,238 people lived there. It is the biggest city in Cherokee County.

History
One of the largest Osage bands was led by Chief Black Dog (Manka - Chonka). His men finished what became known as the Black Dog Trail by 1803. It started from their winter territory. This territory was east of Baxter Springs, and it went southwest to their summer hunting area at the Great Salt Plains in present-day Alfalfa County, Oklahoma. The Osage regularly stopped at the springs for healing on their way to summer hunting area. They made the trail by clearing it of brush and big rocks. They built ramps from the ground to the fords. The trail was the first improved road in Kansas and Oklahoma. It was big enough for eight horsemen to be riding side-by-side.

Geography
Baxter Springs is at  (37.023062, -94.734762).

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.
People

2010 census
The census of 2010 says that there were 4,238 people, 1,754 households, and 1,151 families living in Baxter Springs.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Baxter Springs
 Baxter Springs - Directory of Public Officials
 Baxter Springs Heritage Center and Museum 
Schools
 USD 508, local school district
Maps
 Baxter Springs City Map, KDOT

Cities in Cherokee County, Kansas
1868 establishments in Kansas
Champvent is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The former municipalities of Essert-sous-Champvent and Villars-sous-Champvent merged on 1 January 2012, into Champvent.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Chanéaz was a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

References

Other websites 
 

Former municipalities of Vaud
The 1896 United States presidential election was the 28th presidential election in the United States. It happened on Tuesday, November 3, 1896. Former Governor William McKinley, the Republican candidate, defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan. The 1896 campaign happened during an economic depression called the Panic of 1893. The election is considered to mark the change from the "Third Party System" to the "Fourth Party System".

Although, McKinley's 1896 nomination was his first time securing the nomination, he had received 10+ delegates in every convention since 1888.

Candidates

Republican Party: 

 William McKinley, former Governor of Ohio (1892-1896) (Nominee)
 Thomas B. Reed, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1889-1891; 1895-1899)
 Matthew Quay, Senator of Pennsylvania (1887-1899; 1901-1904)
 Levi P. Morton, 22nd Vice President of the United States (1889-1893) and Governor of New York (1895-1896)
 William B. Allison, Senator of Iowa (1873-1908)

Democratic Party;
Democratic Party; 

 William Jennings Bryan, former Congressman of Nebraska (1891-1895) (Nominee)
 Richard P. Bland, former Congressman of Missouri (1873-1895; 1897-1899) 
 Robert E. Pattison, former Governor of Pennsylvania (1883-1887; 1891-1895) 
 Joseph Blackburn, Senator of Kentucky (1885-1897; 1901-1907)
 Horace Boies, former Governor of Iowa (1890-1894)
 John R. McLean, newspaper publisher from Ohio (1877-1914)
 Claude Matthews, Governor of Iowa (1893-1897)
 Sylvester Pennoyer, former Governor of Oregon (1887-1895)

References

Other websites

 
 Presidential Election of 1896: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
 1896 popular vote by counties
 How close was the 1896 election? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 McKinley & Hobart campaign handkerchief in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database
 Election of 1896 in Counting the Votes 

United States presidential elections
1890s in the United States
1896
Chavannes-le-Chêne is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Rovray is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is in the Jura-Nord vaudois district. On 1 January 2005 the former municipality of Arrissoules merged into the municipality of Rovray, which kept the name Rovray.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
The Odawa (also Ottawa or Odaawaa ) are an Indigenous American ethnic group. Their name means "traders". They are part of the Northeastern Woodlands cultures. Their language is part of the Algonquian language family. They mostly live in the northern United States and southern Canada. The US Government federally recognizes these Native Americans as a tribe. They have numerous recognized First Nations bands in Canada. They are one of the Anishinaabeg. They are related to but different from the Ojibwe and Potawatomi peoples.

History 
The Odawa may have come from some Hopewell traditions. The Odawa were historically grouped with the Ojibwe and Potawatomi. The three were allied in the Council of Three Fires. The fought against other tribes like the Iroquois and Dakota.
The Odawa were important in the fur trade. They traded beaver, deer, marten, raccoon, fox, otter, and muskrat. The Odawa got metal tools, cloths, weapons, jewelry and alcohol in return. The Odawa fought wars over trading. They fought against the powerful Mohawk and Iroquois in the Beaver Wars. 

Many Natives later died from European diseases. The natives were not immune to these new diseases. 

In 1752, the French Charles Langlade attacked the Miami people at Pickawillany with Odawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibwe. The Miami surrendered and handed over Englishmen for negotiations. The Odawa ate one Englishman and the Chief of the town. This was one of the events that led to increased tension in the Ohio Country. This eventually led to the French and Indian War between France and Britain.
The Odawa were together with the French against the British in the French and Indian War or Seven Years' War (1756-1763). Pontiac was an important Odawa chief. Chief Egushawa allied with the British during the American Revolution (1775-1783).

After the American Revolution, Odawa and other tribes fought against the United States in the Northwest Indian War. The natives lost this war and had to give up much land The Odawa gave lands in the Treaty of Greenville (1795). They gave up more land in the Treaty of Detroit (1807). After the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the remaining Odawa moved to Kansas.

References

Other websites

"Ottawa History"  Shultzman, L. (2000). First Nations Histories. 
Frederick Webb Hodge, "Ottawa", Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Vol. N-Z, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1910, pp. 167–172, full text online
"The Middle Woodland Period", The Archaeology of Ontario
Odawa at The Canadian Encyclopedia
Odawa – First Nations seeker
Odawa – Word finder
Official Tribal Websites
Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians
Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma

Native Americans
Valeyres-sous-Montagny is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Gressy was a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Gressy became part of the municipality of Yverdon-les-Bains on on 1 July 2011.

References 

2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Gressy is the name of two places in Europe:
 Gressy, Switzerland, a former municipality in the canton of Vaud
 Gressy, Seine-et-Marne, a commune in the Île-de-France region, in France
L'Abbaye is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the Vallée de Joux. Its name is from Lac de Joux Abbey, a Premonstratensian monastery.

Geography 

L'Abbaye is located on the eastern shore of the Lac de Joux at an elevation of between  and . It is at the heart of the Vallée de Joux in the Jura. It includes also the villages of Les Bioux and Le Pont.

The municipality was part of the La Vallée District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and L'Abbaye became part of the new district of Jura-Nord vaudois.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of L'Abbaye 
 Aerial views of the municipality of L'Abbaye
 Vallée de Joux 
 
 
 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
The 3rd United States Infantry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army. It currently has three active battalions. It's sometime called The Old Guard, as well as Escort to the President. The regimental motto is Noli Me Tangere (from Latin: – "Touch Me Not"). The regiment is a major unit of the Military District of Washington (MDW).

The regiment is the oldest active duty regiment in the US Army. It was first created as the First American Regiment in 1784.  It has been the official ceremonial unit of the US Army since 1948.

References

Other websites
 History of the 3rd Regiment of Infantry 
 
 
 
 The promotion of Private David Radford Martin, of Gray, Knox County, Kentucky to Corporal, of Company C, 3rd US Regiment of Infantry, on 19 January 1914 at Madison Barracks, Jefferson County, New York

1784 establishments in the United States
United States Army
The Zhuang people (; ) are a Kra-Dai speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou and Hunan provinces. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. With the Buyi, Tay–Nùng, and other northern Tai speakers, they are sometimes known as the Rau or Rao. Their population, estimated at 18 million people, makes them the largest minority in China.

References

Citations

Sources 

 Barlow, J. (2005). The Zhuang: A Longitudinal Study of Their History and Their Culture. https://web.archive.org/web/20070206210848/http://mcel.pacificu.edu/as/resources/ZHUANG/index.html
 Wang Mingfu, Eric Johnson (2008). Zhuang Cultural and Linguistic Heritage. The Nationalities Publishing House of Yunnan. .
A Senior City Police Officer Pursues His Roots In China, By Marvine Howe, New York Times, November 14, 1985.

Further reading

Other websites
Other websites 

 The Zhuang: A Longitudinal Study of Their History and Their Culture, by Jeffrey Barlow
 
 Map share of ethnic by county of China 

Ethnic groups in China
Henry Leavenworth (December 10, 1783 – July 21, 1834) was an American soldier. He was active in the War of 1812 and early military actions against the Plains Indians. He created Fort Leavenworth in Kansas. Leavenworth, Kansas, Leavenworth County, Kansas, and the Leavenworth Penitentiary are named after him.

References

Other websites
 1st Dragoons 

1783 births
1834 deaths
Military people from Connecticut
19th-century American politicians
People from New Haven, Connecticut
Politicians from Connecticut
The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people of Canada and the United States. They are one of the biggest indigenous peoples north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-biggest First Nations group. The only group bigger are the Cree. In the United States, they have the fifth-biggest number of people among Native American peoples. The only groups bigger are the Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw and Sioux. 

Most of the Ojibwe people live in the United States. There are 77,940 mainline Ojibwe; 76,760 Saulteaux; and 8,770 Mississauga, organized in 125 bands. They live from western Quebec to eastern British Columbia. , the US census says that there are 170,742 Ojibwe people.

References

Other websites
Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission
 Chief Buffalo and Benjamin Armstrong
 Ojibwe culture and history, a lengthy and detailed discussion
 Kevin L. Callahan's An Introduction to Ojibway Culture and History
 Ojibwe Song Pictures, recorded by Frances Desmore
 Ojibwe People's Dictionary
 Ojibwa migration through Manitoba
 Wiigwaasi-Jiimaan: These Canoes Carry Culture—Short documentary featuring the building of an Anishinaabe-Ojibwe birchbark canoe in Wisconsin.
 Nindoodemag: The Significance of Algonquian Kinship Networks in the Eastern Great Lakes Region, 1600–1701
 Ojibwe Waasa-Inaabidaa—PBS documentary featuring the history and culture of the Anishinaabe-Ojibwe people of the Great Lakes (United States-focused).
 Ojibwe migratory map from Ojibwe Waasa-Inaabidaa
 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Chippewa
 1836 Chippewa-Ottawa Resource Authority
 Grand Council of Treaty #3
 Batchewana First Nation of Ojibways
 Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
 Mississaugi First Nation
Southeast Tribal Council
 Wabun Tribal Council
 Ojibwe Stories: Gaganoonididaa from the Public Radio Exchange
Squatting is when someone starts living on empty land or in an empty building (usually a residential building) which the squatter does not own, rent or have permission to use. Author Robert Neuwirth suggested in 2004 that there were one billion squatters in the world.

Most squatting is residential. Squatting usually happens when a poor and homeless population sees old property or land.

Freetown Christiania is enough popular place for squatters.

By Country

United States
In the United States, squatting laws are different from state to state and city to city. For the most part, it is not tolerated for long, especially in cities.

Community organizations have helped the homeless to take over empty buildings. It is done not only to change the building to be a place to live but also a part of bigger campaign to let people know about inequality in housing. They also do it to help get  change in housing and land issues.

References

Other websites

 Radical agenda
 Special issue of Mute Magazine on global slums
Crime
Anarchism
Fritz-Olof Thunberg (21 May 1925 – 24 February 2020) was a Swedish actor and director. He was known for his deep voice and for his radio horror programs such as Mannen i svart ("The Men in Black"). He was also known as the voice of Bamse and Agaton Sax in children's movies and recordings. He also dubbed many Disney movies to Swedish.

His granddaughter is environmentalist youth activist Greta Thunberg.

Thunberg died on 24 February 2020 at his home in Nacka, Sweden at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
 "Olof Thunberg" at Nationalencyklopedin  (registration required)
 

1925 births
2020 deaths
Swedish movie actors
Swedish voice actors
Radio actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish movie directors
Harry Joseph Flynn (May 2, 1933 – September 22, 2019) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis from September 8, 1995 to May 2, 2008, when his resignation was accepted by  Pope Benedict XVI. He was born in Schenectady, New York.

Flynn died on September 22, 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul, Minnesota at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis Official Site
Brief biography from the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis

1933 births
2019 deaths
American Roman Catholic archbishops
People from Schenectady, New York
People from Minneapolis
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
J. Michael "Mike" Mendel (September 24, 1964 – September 22, 2019) was an American television producer. He was a four-time Emmy Award winner for his works on The Simpsons and Rick and Morty. He also produced The PJs, The Oblongs, Drawn Together, Sit Down, Shut Up, and Napoleon Dynamite.

Mendel died suddenly on September 22, 2019 in Los Angeles, two days before his 55th birthday.

References

Other websites

Emmy Award winners
1964 births
2019 deaths
American television producers
People from Virginia
People from Los Angeles
Alfred Alvarez (5 August 1929 – 23 September 2019) was an English poet, novelist, essayist and critic. He published under the name A. Alvarez and Al Alvarez. He was best known for his 1962 poetry anthology The New Poetry.

Death
Alvarez died of pneumonia on 23 September 2019 in London at the age of 90.

Selected works
 The Shaping Spirit (1958)
 The School of Donne (1961)
 The New Poetry (1962)
 Under Pressure (1965)
 Beyond All This Fiddle (1968)
 The Savage God (1972)
 Beckett (Fontana Modern Masters, 1973)
 Hers (1974)
 Hunt (1979)
 Life After Marriage (1982)
 The Biggest Game in Town (1983)
 Feeding the Rat (1989)
 Day of Atonement (1991)
 Night (1995)
 Where Did It All Go Right? (1999)
 Poker: Bets, Bluffs, and Bad Beats (2001)
 New & Selected Poems (2002)
 The Writer's Voice (2005)
 Risky Business (2007)
 Pondlife (2013)

References

Other websites
 Book Review of 'The Biggest Game In Town'
1929 births
2019 deaths
English poets
English novelists
English essayists
British critics
English autobiographers
Writers from London
Leonard Hubert "Lennie" Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann, PC, GBS (born 8 May 1934) is a retired senior South African-British judge. He was a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1995 to 2009.

References

1934 births
Living people
South African politicians
People from Cape Town

Law lords
Donald James Nicholls, Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead, PC (born 25 January 1933), is a British lawyer. He was a Law Lord (Lord of Appeal in Ordinary). From 1998 to 2004, he was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal.

He retired from the membership of the House of Lords on 3 April 2017.

References

1933 births
Living people
British lawyers
British judges
James Arthur David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead,  (born 27 June 1938) is a retired Scottish judge. He was the first Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2009 until his retirement in 2013. He was on the Second Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. 

In 2015, he became the Convenor of the Crossbench peers in the House of Lords.

References

1938 births
Living people
Scottish judges
Brenda Marjorie Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond , known as Lady Hale (born 31 January 1945), is a British judge. She was President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 to 2020.

In 2004, she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. She is the only woman to have been appointed to this position.

References

1945 births
Living people
British lawyers
British judges
Politicians from Yorkshire
Judges
Curt Wittlin (13 April 1941 – 23 September 2019) was a Swiss philologist. He was an expert of medieval Catalan language and literature. In 1997 he became a member of the Institute of Catalan Studies and from 1990 to 1993 he was president of the North American Catalan Society.

Wittlin was born in Basel, Switzerland. He died on 23 September 2019 in Tortosa, Spain at the age of 78.

Works
 Lo llibre de les dones d'Eiximenis (1980) with F. Naccarato
 Repertori d'expressions multinominals i de grups de sinònims en traduccions catalanes antigues (Lluis Nicolau d'Olwer price, 1989)
 La geometria secreta del tapís de Girona in Revista de Girona, 1991
 De la traducció literal a la creació literària (Serra d'Or prize 1996)
 Entorn de les edicions de textos medievals in Estudis Romànics, 2004

References

Other websites
  Biography in the University of Saskatchewan website.
   Wittlin's works
  Article about Wittlin in the Great Catalan Encyclopedia

1941 births
2019 deaths
Writers from Basel
Swiss academics
Linguists
Many metals, particularly heavy metals are toxic, but some heavy metals are essential, and some, such as bismuth, have a low toxicity. Most often the definition of toxic metals includes at least cadmium, manganese, lead, mercuryand the radioactive metals.These are quite harmful and hazardous.

Harmful effects of metals:

The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. Heavy metals have been used by humans for thousands of years.

Heavy Metal Poisoning

Heavy metal poisoning is the accumulation of heavy metals, in toxic amounts, in the soft tissues of the body. ... The heavy metals most commonly associated with poisoning of humans are lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium.

How do you know if you have heavy metals in your body?
diarrhea.
 nausea.
 abdominal pain.
 vomiting.
 shortness of breath.
 tingling in your hands and feet.
 chills.
 weakness. Note- It is not necessary that all people who have these problems must be having heavy metal poisoning.
Nash is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 32 at the 2010 census. It was founded in 1890.

Nash is located at  (48.470556, -97.513056).

References 

1890s establishments in North Dakota
1890 establishments in the United States
Census-designated places in North Dakota
Unincorporated communities in North Dakota
Phillip Duane Hardberger (born July 27, 1934) is an American politician, lawyer, and jurist. He was Mayor of San Antonio, Texas from 2005 through 2009. He is a Democrat, but he was elected on a non-partisan ballot.

References

1934 births
Living people
Mayors of San Antonio
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ronald Adrian Nirenberg (born April 11, 1977) is an American politician. He is the Mayor of San Antonio, Texas since 2017. He was a member of the San Antonio City Council for District 8 for two terms.  He was sworn into office on June 21, 2017.

References

1977 births
Living people
Mayors of San Antonio
Independent politicians in the United States
Politicians from Boston
Red Bay Castle () is located in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, on a piece of land projecting into the sea north of Glenariff located on the road to Cushendall.

History
It was built by the Bissett family in the 13th century on the site of an earlier motte-and-bailey outpost of the Kingdom of Dál Riata. The Bissett family were stripped of their lands in Scotland and fled for their lives to Ireland after Walter de Bisset was accused of the murder of Patrick, Earl of Atholl, at Haddington, East Lothian in 1242. King Henry III of England granted Bisset large possessions in the Barony of Glenarm, Ireland.

John Mor MacDonald 1st of Dunnyveg married Margery Bissett of the Glens of Antrim, and acquired as a result the castle of Red Bay. His descendants known as the MacDonnells of Antrim extended and rebuilt the castle in the 16th century. In 1565, the castle was burned to the ground by Shane O'Neill, chief of the O'Neills of Tyrone; it was rebuilt by Sorley Boy MacDonnell, however later fell into disrepair.
In 1604 the castle was restored and was later destroyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1652 during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

References

Castles in Northern Ireland
County Antrim
13th-century buildings and structures
The Bronx is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California. It was created in 2002. The band's current line-up is vocalist Matt Caughthran, guitarists Joby J. Ford and Ken Horne, bass guitarist Brad Magers, and drummer Joey Castillo. The band have released five studio albums. They have also also released three more albums of mariachi music under the moniker of Mariachi El Bronx.

The original group of The Bronx consisted of Caughthran, Ford, bassist James Tweedy, and drummer Jorma Vik.

References

Other websites

Musical groups from Los Angeles
Cheseaux-Noréaz is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Juriens is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Australasia
 Australia

Oceania
Elaine Feinstein (born as Elaine Coolin; 24 October 1930 – 23 September 2019) was an English poet, novelist, short-story writer, playwright, biographer and translator. She was born in Bootle, Lancashire.

She wrote 14 novels, many radio plays, television dramas and five biographies, including A Captive Lion: the Life of Marina Tsvetaeva (1987) and Pushkin (1998). Ted Hughes: The Life of a Poet (2001) was shortlisted for the biennial Marsh Biography Prize. 

Feinstein died on 23 September 2019 at the age of 88.

Books
Bessie Smith: Lives of Modern Women Series  Penguin/Viking
A Captive Lion: The Life of Marina Tsvetayeva  Hutchinson, 1987
Lawrence's Women  HarperCollins, London, 1993; Lawrence and The Women  New York, 1993
Pushkin  Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Ecco, U.S, 1998
The Russian Jerusalem
Ted Hughes: The Life of a Poet Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001
Anna of all the Russias: A Life of Anna Akhmatova  Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005; Knopf, 2006
It Goes With The Territory: Memoirs of a Poet  Alma Books, 2013
References

Other websites
Podcast interview with Elaine Feinstein at the Aldeburgh Poetry Festival
"Elaine Feinstein – Talking to the Dead", 7 May 2007. BBC Woman's Hour (audio 9 min)] "Elaine Feinstein", Tuesday 2 July 2002]
"She Means It When She Rhymes: Marina Tsvetaeva: Selected Poems" .  Review from Thumbscrew. No 17 – Winter 2000/1

1930 births
2019 deaths
English poets
English novelists
English playwrights
British translators
Writers from Lancashire
Cronay is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Lone Wolf is a town of Oklahoma in the United States.

Towns in Oklahoma
The Battle of Marais des Cygnes was a battle during Price's Missouri Raid in the American Civil War. It happened on October 25, 1864, in Linn County, Kansas. It is also called the Battle of Osage, or the Battle of Trading Post. It was the first of three related actions on the same day. All three of those actions involved elements of Major General Sterling Price's Confederate Army of Missouri, and the Union's Provisional Cavalry Division commanded by Major General Alfred Pleasonton.

References

American Civil War battles
1864 in the United States
1860s in Kansas
Thomas Ewing Jr. (August 7, 1829 – January 21, 1896) was an attorney, the first chief justice of Kansas and leading free state advocate, Union Army general during the American Civil War, and two-term United States Congressman from Ohio, 1877–1881. He barely lost the 1880 campaign for Ohio Governor.

Civil War
Ewing was responsible for General Order № 11. The Order was issued in response to William Quantrill's raid on Lawrence, Kansas, where 450 raiders shot and killed 150 men and boys.

References

1829 births
1896 deaths
Bleeding Kansas
American Civil War generals
19th-century American politicians
Military people from Ohio
A column is a recurring article in a newspaper, magazine or other publication. It is where a writer writes their own opinion in few columns given to them by the newspaper organization. Columns are written by columnists.

Newspapers
An advice column is a column in a question and answer format. Usually, a reader writes to the media outlet with a problem in the form of a question. The media outlet gives an answer or response. The responses are written by an advice columnist. An advice columnist is someone who gives advice to people who send in problems to the media outlet.

The Athenian Mercury had the first known advice column in 1690.

References

Newspapers