Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Dajabón is at  to the northwest of Santo Domingo, on the western end of the Yaque del Norte Valley (or Línea Noroeste), a part of the larger Cibao valley. The city is on the eastern side of the Dajabón or Masacre river; this is the only important river in the municipality. There is a bridge across the river and the Haitian city of Ouanaminthe is near the western side of the river.

The municipality is on flat land with only small hills. The altitude of the city of Dajabón is  above sea level.

The municipality of Dajabón has the Monte Cristi province to the north, the municipality of Partido to the east, the municipality of Loma de Cabrera to the south and Haiti to the west.

Climate
Dajabón has a tropical wet and dry/savanna climate (Köppen climate classification : Aw).

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during the end of summer. The month with the most precipitation on average is May with  of rainfall, followed by June with .
The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of  and the second is January with .

Dajabón is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administrative division
The municipality of Dajabón has only one municipal district:

Economy
The main economic activity of the municipality is agriculture. Commerce with Haiti is also an important economic activity in the city. On Mondays and Fridays, Haitians can cross the bridge to sell and buy different things.

References

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1776 establishments in North America
18th-century establishments in the Spanish Empire
ISO 8601 is an international standard to describe dates and times in the easiest way possible for computers to understand.

This standard is based on putting the biggest types of numbers first and the smallest types of numbers last. Because years are bigger than months, and months are bigger than days, they are put in the order of YEAR-MONTH-DAY.

A basic ISO date for today looks like --.

The basic ISO time is :.

Another very important principle is that when a computer or human puts ISO 8601 dates into alphabetical order, they are also in chronological order.

People can also use these dates, but it is currently not common for people in any country to write dates using this standard in their day-to-day lives, though many Asian countries follow YEAR-MONTH-DAY order.

References

08601
Geoff Capes (born 23 August 1949) is an English shotput champion, two times world's strongest man and a champion budgerigar breeder (now president of the British Budgerigar Breeding Association. He has a beard.

He was born in 1949 in Holbeach, Lincolnshire. He is 6 foot 6 inches tall, which is unusually tall. He weighed 139 kg or 306 stone.

He used to be a policeman but retired when he became a shotputter in the 1970s. His best throw was in 1980 and was 20.5 metres. This record stood until 2003, over twenty years.

Capes once advertised caravans in South Yorkshire.

1949 births
Living people
British athletes
Sportspeople from Lincolnshire
The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best-known birds of prey in the northern hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Golden eagles use their agility and speed combined with powerful feet and massive, sharp talons to snatch up prey. They eat hares, rabbits, marmots and other ground squirrels.

Once common across the Holarctic, it has gone from many areas heavily populated by humans. The species is still widespread. It lives in Eurasia, North America, and parts of North Africa.

Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. It is one of the largest birds of prey in North America; only the  California condor gets larger. Golden eagles also live in the Scottish Highlands.

Related pages 
 Bald eagle
 Eagle
 Northern goshawk

Accipitriformes
National symbols of Germany
National symbols of Mexico
The Nodicia de Kesos (Document of Kesos) is the first text written in Spanish.

Origins 
The document was made between 959 and 974, and shows the evolution of the language from Latin to a romance language.

The document 
The document was made in Ardón, Kingdom of León, actually a municipality in the province of León, Spain. It is a report about some cheeses written for a monastery. It is now kept in the León Cathedral.

"Nodicia de /kesos que /espisit frater /Semeno: jn labore /de fratres jn ilo ba- /celare /de cirka Sancte Ius- /te, kesos U; jn ilo /alio de apate, /II kesos; en [que] /puseron ogano, /kesos IIII; jn ilo /de Kastrelo, I; /jn ila vinia majore, /II;
(2ª columna)/que lebaron en fosado, /II, ad ila tore; /que baron a Cegia, /II, quando la talia- /ron ila mesa; II que /lebaron Lejione; II /..s...en /u...re... /...que... /...c... /...e...u /...alio (?) /... /g... Uane Ece; alio ke le /ba de sopbrino de Gomi /de do...a...; IIII que espi- /seron quando llo rege /uenit ad Rocola; /I qua salbatore ibi /uenit."

Related pages 
 Kingdom of León

History of Spain
10th century in Europe
Malena Ernman (born as Sara Magdalena Ernman, 4 November  1970) is a Swedish opera singer (mezzo-soprano). Ernman has performed chansons, cabaret, jazz and appeared in musicals.

Career 
Malena Ernman is today one of Sweden's most popular opera singers and is is a member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Ernman won Melodifestivalen in 2009 and represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia.

Family 
Ernman is married to actor Svante Thunberg. They have two children including environmentalist Greta Thunberg. Ernman's father-in-law is actor Olof Thunberg.

Other websites

1970 births
Living people
Mezzo-sopranos
Swedish opera singers
Tönisvorst is a town in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

References

Other websites

Viersen (district)
The Chinese Orthodox Church is a church in China, which, before the Chinese Revolution in 1949 was estimated to have as 30,000 members. It was given independence from the French Orthodox Church in the mid 1930s. The church today has about 92,000 members.

References 

Religion in China
Eastern Orthodox Church
A manager is the head coach of a baseball team.  His job is to tell the players on the team what to do and make decisions about how the team should play, like who will play in what position.  
In the past, managers were usually players. Since they were players, these managers wore the same uniform as the rest of the team. Managers who were not players, such as Connie Mack, would not be dressed in uniform. Today, managers dress in the same uniform as the team, even though most managers today are not players. Managers in Major League Baseball and for many other teams as well are usually former players themselves. Their playing experience may give them more knowledge on the game that they can use to help their team. 

Baseball
Baseball coaches
In mathematics, a convex regular 4-polytope (or polychoron) is 4-dimensional (4D) polytope which is both regular and convex. These are the four-dimensional analogs of the Platonic solids (in three dimensions) and the regular polygons (in two dimensions).

These polytopes were first described by the Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli in the mid-19th century. Schläfli discovered that there are precisely six such figures. Five of these may be thought of as higher dimensional analogs of the Platonic solids. There is one additional figure (the 24-cell) which has no three-dimensional equivalent.

Each convex regular 4-polytope is bounded by a set of 3-dimensional cells which are all Platonic solids of the same type and size. These are fitted together along their respective faces in a regular fashion.

Properties
Properties 

The following tables lists some properties of the six convex regular polychora. The symmetry groups of these polychora are all Coxeter groups and given in the notation described in that article. The number following the name of the group is the order of the group.

Since the boundaries of each of these figures is topologically equivalent to a 3-sphere, whose Euler characteristic is zero, we have the 4-dimensional analog of Euler's polyhedral formula:

where Nk denotes the number of k-faces in the polytope (a vertex is a 0-face, an edge is a 1-face, etc.).

Visualizations

The following table shows some 2 dimensional projections of these polytopes. Various other visualizations can be found in the other websites below. The Coxeter-Dynkin diagram graphs are also given below the Schläfli symbol.

Related pages
Regular polytope
Platonic solid

References
References

H. S. M. Coxeter, Introduction to Geometry, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1969. .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
 D. M. Y. Sommerville, An Introduction to the Geometry of n Dimensions. New York, E. P. Dutton, 1930. 196 pp. (Dover Publications edition, 1958) Chapter X: The Regular Polytopes

Other websites

Jonathan Bowers, 16 regular polychora 
Regular 4D Polytope Foldouts 
Catalog of Polytope Images A collection of stereographic projections of 4-polytopes.
A Catalog of Uniform Polytopes
Dimensions 2 hour film about the fourth dimension (contains stereographic projections of all regular polychrons)

Shapes
In geometry, a polychoron (plural: polychora) is a figure in four dimensions. The word comes from Greek poly, which means many and choros which means room, or space. Sometimes the figure is called 4-polytope or polyhedroid. The analogue figure in two dimensions is a polygon, and the one in three dimensions is a polyhedron.

Other websites

Four dimensional figures page
Jonathan Bowers: Uniform polychora

Shapes
The Flame nebula, also known as NGC 2024, is a nebula in the constellation Orion. It has no well defined edge.  It is about 900 to 1,500 light-years away. 

The nebula is part of the Orion complex.  This is a star-making area that also has the famous Horsehead nebula in it. The bright star Alnitak (ζ Ori), the most eastern star in the Belt of Orion, shines a glow of electrons into the Flame nebula.

Other websites
NGC 2024 at Astrophotography

References 

Nebulae
Ardón is a municipality in the province of Llión (Spain).

The Nodicia de Kesos, first document in Leonese language, was found in this place.

Related pages

 Leonese language

Kingdom of León
A polytope is figure in geometry. It is a geometric object with flat sides, in any number of dimensions. A polygon is a polytope in two dimensions, a polyhedron in three dimensions, and so on. Sometimes the number of dimensions is shown as a number, as in a polyhedron being a 3-polytope or a tesseract a convex regular 4-polytope.

Related pages
 Regular polytope

Shapes
Mir Jafar was an influential figure in the history of Bengal during the 18th century. He was born in the early 1690s and hailed from a noble family. Mir Jafar initially served as a commander in the army of Nawab Alivardi Khan, the ruler of Bengal. However, in 1757, during the Battle of Plassey, he betrayed the Nawab and colluded with the British East India Company. This treacherous act resulted in the British victory over the Nawab's forces, marking a significant turning point in the colonization of India by the British. In return for his betrayal, Mir Jafar was installed as the puppet Nawab of Bengal by the British. His reign as Nawab was marred by corruption and subservience to the British, which led to discontent among the people. Mir Jafar's name became synonymous with betrayal, and he is often remembered as a traitor in Indian history.
1691 births
1765 deaths
Indian monarchs
18th century in India
In Euclidean space, a region is a convex set if the following is true. For any two points inside the region, a straight line segment can be drawn. If every point on that segment is inside the region, then the region is convex.

The point is that a convex curve forms the boundary of a convex set. So, any shape which is concave, or has a hollow, cannot be a convex set.

Related pages
 Convex function

Geometry
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad (also spelled Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed;  – 5 March 1996) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the President of Bangladesh from 15 August to 6 November 1975, after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Presidents of Bangladesh
Politicians from Chittagong Division
1918 births
1996 deaths
Shah Azizur Rahman (; 23 November 1925 – 1 September 1989) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. However, he was the subject of considerable controversy for his collaboration with the Pakistan Army against the struggle to establish Bangladesh.

He was Prime Minister under President Zia. He was a veteran parliamentarian. He was famous for his razor sharp tongue. He was fluent in several languages.

1925 births
1989 deaths
Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
Politicians from Khulna Division
Mutualism is a relationship between two organisms in which both benefit. It is a type of symbiosis which improves the biological fitness of both parties. The two organisms usually come from widely different types, often from different phyla or even kingdoms. The term is not used for any cooperation between animals of the same species.

Edouard van Beneden (18091894) introduced the term into evolutionary biology and ecology in the 1870s.
Examples:
Mycorrhiza: relationship between roots of plants and fungi.
Rhizobia: relationship between roots of plants and bacteria which promotes nitrogen fixation.
Many relationships between insects and flowering plants, where the insect gets food, and the plant gets transfer of pollen.
Gut flora: many relationships between gut bacteria and herbivores. The bacteria digest cellulose, and get a regular supply of nutrients. Almost no animal can digest cellulose by itself.
Lichen: an extremely close relationship between algae and fungi. Probably a mutualistic relationship, but less clearly.
Figs: each fig tree species is pollinated by its own wasp species.
Cleaner fish: small fish which pick parasites and dead matter from the mouth and body of much larger fish. The larger fish responds to the 'dance' of the cleaner by going passive.

References 

Coevolution
Symbiosis
In four dimensional geometry, a 16-cell, is a regular convex polychoron, or polytope existing in four dimensions. It is also known as the hexadecachoron. It is one of the six regular convex polychora first described by the Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli in the mid-19th century. 

Conway calls it an orthoplex for orthant complex, as well as the entire class of cross-polytopes.

Geometry 
The hexadecachoron is a member of the family of polytopes called the cross-polytopes, which exist in all dimensions. As such, its dual polychoron is the tesseract (the 4-dimensional hypercube).

It is bounded by 16 cells, all of which are regular tetrahedra. It has 32 triangular faces, 24 edges, and 8 vertices. The 24 edges bound 6 squares lying in the 6 coordinate planes.

The eight vertices of the hexadecachoron are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by edges except opposite pairs.
The Schläfli symbol of the hexadecachoron is {3,3,4}. Its vertex figure is a regular octahedron. There are 8 tetrahedra, 12 triangles, and 6 edges meeting at every vertex. Its edge figure is a square. There are 4 tetrahedra and 4 triangles meeting at every edge.

There is a lower symmetry form of the 16-cell, called a demitesseract or 4-demicube, a member of the demihypercube family, and represented by h{4,3,3}, and can be drawn bicolored with alternating tetrahedral cells.

Images
Images

Tessellations 
One can tessellate 4-dimensional Euclidean space by regular 16-cells. This is called the hexadecachoric honeycomb and has Schläfli symbol {3,3,4,3}. The dual tessellation, icositetrachoric honeycomb, {3,4,3,3}, is made of by regular 24-cells. Together with the tesseractic honeycomb {4,3,3,4}, these are the only three regular tessellations of R4. Each 16-cell has 16 neighbors with which it shares an octahedron, 24 neighbors with which it shares only an edge, and 72 neighbors with which it shares only a single point. Twenty-four 16-cells meet at any given vertex in this tessellation.
Projections 
The cell-first parallel projection of the 16-cell into 3-space has a cubical envelope. The closest and farthest cells are projected to inscribed tetrahedra within the cube, corresponding with the two possible ways to inscribe a regular tetrahedron in a cube. Surrounding each of these tetrahedra are 4 other (non-regular) tetrahedral volumes that are the images of the 4 surrounding tetrahedral cells, filling up the space between the inscribed tetrahedron and the cube. The remaining 6 cells are projected onto the square faces of the cube. In this projection of the 16-cell, all its edges lie on the faces of the cubical envelope.

The cell-first perspective projection of the 16-cell into 3-space has a triakis tetrahedral envelope. The layout of the cells within this envelope are analogous to that of the cell-first parallel projection.
The vertex-first parallel projection of the 16-cell into 3-space has an octahedral envelope. This octahedron can be divided into 8 tetrahedral volumes, by cutting along the coordinate planes. Each of these volumes is the image of a pair of cells in the 16-cell. The closest vertex of the 16-cell to the viewer projects onto the center of the octahedron.

Finally the edge-first parallel projection has a shortened octahedral envelope, and the face-first parallel projection has a hexagonal bipyramidal envelope.

Related pages
 24-cell
 Polychoron

References 
 H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .

Other websites 
 
 Olshevsky, George, Hexadecachoron at Glossary for Hyperspace.
 2. Convex uniform polychora based on the tesseract (8-cell) and hexadecachoron (16-cell) - Model 12, George Olshevsky.
 Der 16-Zeller (16-cell) Marco Möller's Regular polytopes in R4 (German)
 Description and diagrams of 16-cell projections 

Shapes
In mathematics, a regular polytope is a shape with sides and vertices that are symmetrical. Like other polytopes, regular polytopes are found in any number of dimensions.

A two-dimensional regular polytope is a regular polygon, and a three-dimensional regular polytope is a regular polyhedron. Even though these groups include different shapes, they are based on the same idea of the shapes having regular symmetry. Regular polytopes have regular facets (faces to speak from the 3D viewpoint), and their vertex figures are regular.

Each number of dimensions has a different set of regular polytopes. However, all of them have a simple shape. The simplest of regular polytopes is the triangle in 2D, the tetrahedron in 3D, and the pentachoron in 4D.

Shapes
Moudud Ahmed (May 24, 1940 – March 16, 2021) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad between 1979 until 1982, 1986 until 1996 and 2001 until 2006.

Ahmed was the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1988 to 1989 as part of General Ershad's Jatiyo's party. He was also the Minister of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs as part of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) of Begum Khaleda Zia's term between 2001 and 2006. In 2010 he became one of the leaders of the BNP.

From 1989 until 1990, Ahmed was Vice President of Bangladesh during the final year of Hussain Muhammad Ershad presidency.

Ahmed was hospitalized for lung congestion and kidney problems in Singapore on February 1, 2021. He died a month later on March 16, at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
Politicians from Chittagong Division‎
Vice presidents
2021 deaths
Ziaur Rahman ( Ziaur Rôhman; January 19, 1936–May 30, 1981) was a Bangladeshi war hero, politician and statesman. He was the President of Bangladesh from 1976 until 1981 and founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), one of the two largest political parties in the country. His widow, Begum Khaleda Zia, has been Prime Minister of Bangladesh three times.

1936 births
1981 deaths
Presidents of Bangladesh
Politicians from Rajshahi Division
In geometry, a vertex figure is the figure that results when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off. 

Geometry
Begum Khaleda Zia (; born 1945) is a former Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She was Prime Minister from 1991 to 1996, and also from 2001 to 2006. She was the first woman Prime Minister in Bangladesh. Zia is the widow of assassinated President of Bangladesh Ziaur Rehman. She leads his old political party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).

1945 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
Bangladeshi Muslims
Bush Hill Park railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in north London. It is in Travelcard Zone 5, on the Enfield Town branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The station, and all trains serving it, is operated by London Overground.

References

Railway stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1880 establishments in the United Kingdom
The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is a species of lobster are found in the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of North America.

Other websites

Decapods
Maine
Seafood
Canadian English is the type of English that is used by Canadians.
It is like American English in terms of vocabulary, but its grammar is like that of British English.

Canadian English is generally taught in schools using British ways of spelling, such as colour, flavour, and so on. However, the word themselves are usually American, in part because Canadians watch a lot of American TV shows and listen to a lot of American pop music. Rarely, the British form of words may be replaced with American forms, such as plow, program, and so on.

The main exception to this rule is terms related to cars and the auto industry. Because Canada's auto industry has always been dominated by American firms, Canadians use American words and spelling for such terms. Canadians and Americans spell the outer rubber portion of a wheel as tire instead of tyre, put gasoline or gas in their vehicles instead of petrol, store items in the trunk instead of the boot, and may drive a truck instead of a lorry.
Canadian English is different from other forms of English in its spoken form also. The dialects vary from sounding overtly English to an indistinguishable form very similar to those spoken in the northern states.

Variations in Canadian English 
Academic work has identified distinct differences in the Canadian English spoken based on the characteristics of the speaker, including their age, region, and gender.

Age 
Extensive research conducted by Canadian linguist Sali Tagliamonte on the differences in Canadian English features used by younger and older generations of speakers has found substantial evidence of intergenerational lexical replacement. Significant differences have been found in variant preferences among Canadian adolescents, adults, and elderly speakers. This change is speculated to have been influenced by the cultural impacts of widely accessible American literature and mass media.
In Ontario, variants of “strange” and “odd” (favoured by Canadians over 60 years old) are dramatically being replaced by “weird,” the preferred variant for ages 9 - 59, particularly 85% of adolescents.

 Usage of the Canadian “eh” is also dependent on the age of the speaker; despite its substantial use among older Canadians, usage among young Canadians is virtually non-existent.
 Features such as "will" or "have got to," which are common in older speakers, are being replaced by "going to" and "have to" in younger generations.
 "Very" is the dominant form for those over 60 years old, however has been replaced by "really" and "so" in younger speakers.
 "You know" is the most used speech tag for elderly Canadians, yet is the least common variant in younger speakers, who preferred "or something" or "and stuff".
Region 
Charles Boberg's 2005 North American Regional Variety Survey found that English-speaking Canada encompasses 6 principal lexical regions: Western Canada, Ontario, Montreal, New Brunswick - Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland, each separated by a lexical boundary. Lexical boundary distinction is measured on the basis of “major isoglosses,” which occur when there is greater than a 50% difference in the frequency of a linguistic variant between regional boundaries; and mean net variation between the borders of neighbouring lexical regions. 

Montreal is found to be the most lexically distinct region. Its eastern border with New Brunswick contains the highest amount of mean net variation in Canada besides its own western border with Ontario, and involves over twice the amount of major isoglosses compared to any other border.
Notable regional distinction was found in variants describing a “summer or vacation home, often by a lake or river”. “Chalet” is used in Montreal, while Western Canadians prefer “cabin," and Ontario is split between Northwestern Ontario’s usage of “camp” and the South’s use of “cottage."

Gender

Lexical distinctions have also occurred on the basis of the speaker’s gender. Females are generally more likely to adopt new expressions and Canadianisms more quickly, and are suspected to be leaders of linguistic change. Because of their rapid adoption of new linguistic features, they are less likely to maintain long-term usage of older expressions. Consequently, males tend to be less receptive to the adoption of new expressions, but are more likely to maintain stable use of expressions that they have already adopted.
With expressions referring to “God,” “gosh” and “golly” are preferred by women, while men favoured “geez” or “gee”. Additionally, shifting preferences towards the use of “God” (in particular, “oh my God”), has risen above all other variants, regardless of gender.
 In terms of discourse markers, female speakers tend to dominate usage of "like," "just," and "so" in almost every age group.

Popular Perceptions 
The "Groundhog Day Loop"
Since the birth of Canadian English via the publication of the Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles (DCHP-1) in 1967, the public awareness of this “distinct”  variety has been greatly dulled by several factors. In his article entitled ‘The Groundhog Day Loop in Canadian English’, Stefan Dollinger points to the bridging efforts of David Suzuki and Bob McDonald’s efforts in “improving the public knowledge of science”  and emphasizes that it is linguistic scholars in Canada “who are not only utterly and completely to blame for this situation”  but who should certainly follow in the footsteps of Suzuki and McDonald in their public outreach. Dollinger goes on to point out Canadian journalists are also stuck in “Groundhog Day loop”  whereby queries on the existence of Canadian English made decades ago are renewed, seemingly ignoring any evidence of resolution reported by other journalists
. Indeed a search for “Canadianisms”, “Canadian slang” and “Canadian English” demonstrates continuous mixed messages on the part of traditional media. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) reported on the second edition of the Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles in two separate articles in 2017   (see also Canadian Television Network: Where did that come from, eh? New Dictionary traces ‘Canadianism by Jackie Dunham 2017) and then printed an article in 2022 by Jackson Weaver entitled ‘Canada’s English Dictionary hasn’t been updated in almost 2 decades. What does that say about us?’. These examples illustrate a complete lack of continuity of narrative on the part of legacy media in informing the public on issues of Canadian identity like language.
Fortunately, evidence can be found indicating that bridges are being made, through various media forms, to educate the public and disseminate knowledge on features of Canadian English. The best example of this bridging effort is from a 2018 article from the10and3.com entitled ‘This is How Canada Talks’ by Zack Gallinger and Arik Motskin. The article summarizes the results of a questionnaire survey, conducted by the authors in consultation (and oversight) with the esteemed Canadian linguist Charles Boberg, enquiring as to “the different ways Canadians speak”. The survey was distributed via social media, elicited 9500 responses covering every province and territory and identified several “interesting linguistic subregions like Cape Breton, Labrador and the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland”. The results of the survey provide an easy-to-read series of regional maps illustrating 19 regional Canadianisms (read vocabulary differences) and three regional maps based on pronunciation
. According to the CBC News article ‘Lost in Translation: Study on Canadian slang draws strange dividing lines’ by Wallis Snowdon, “The resulting map went viral last week and spurred heated debate at office water coolers and online message boards across the country”. This is precisely how academia can bridge the “linguistic chasm” as coined by Dollinger.
Further encouraging evidence is contained in an article on geekdad.com entitled ‘55 Canadianism You May Not Know or Using Differently’ by the blogger Jules Sherred. Sherred presents 175 individuals with a survey “quizzing them on their knowledge of 82 Canadianisms”. This cohort is then broken down into “104 Americans, 52 Canadians, and 19 people from the following Commonwealth countries: New Zealand, Australia, Scotland, England, and Wales”. Each respondent is presented with a term, a definition and then asked to indicate their level of familiarity with the term if they used it. Sherred identifies that of the 82 Canadianisms, 42 were unfamiliar to Americans, 10 lead to “questionable results”, “three were honourable mentions” (cite), 16 “familiar but not used” (cite) and 11 “familiar and used”
. Although not technically bridging gaps from academic to the public domain, Sherred’s work provides insight into the understanding and use of Canadianisms at home and abroad and in so doing promotes awareness and dialogue on the topic.
There are many websites claiming to explain what a Canadianism is      but very few are as clear as Walter Avis when he states that:  “a word, expression or meaning which is native to Canada or which is distinctively characteristic of Canadian usage though not necessarily exclusive to Canada”; many of these are simply lists of terms. Others, like the online Canadian Encyclopedia and Encyclopedia.com offer greater detail into the topic of Canadianisms but it is unclear how much influence they have on social awareness. Clearly there is not only great need for better collaboration between scholars and media but also greater effort placed on public outreach and education.

Related pages
Language
Dialect
Canadian French

Notes

Dialects of English
Languages of Canada
The  Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) is a species of fish that live in slow moving streams and creeks in Southeast Asia and Australia; Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra and Thailand.

Animals of Asia
Freshwater fish
Aquarium fish
Teleosts
The Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is a medium-sized dark brown raptor in the family Accipitridae. The Javan hawk-eagle is the national bird of Indonesia.

The Javan hawk-eagle is believed to be monogamous. The female usually lays one egg in a nest high on top of a forest tree. Their diet consists mainly of birds, lizards, fruit bats and mammals.

Birds of Indonesia
Accipitriformes
National symbols of Indonesia
Uttarkashi District (), also known as Uttar Kashi District, is a district of Garhwal division of the Uttarakhand state in northern India.  Its headquarters are at Uttarkashi city.

Uttarkashi District town is high in the Himalaya range. The source of both the Ganges and Yamuna rivers are in the district. These attract thousands of Hindu pilgrims. The town is on the main route to Gangotri, has many Hindu temples, and is thought to be an important Hindu pilgrimage centre.

Demographics
The 2011 census said that 329,686 people live in Uttarkashi district. This is around the same amount as the nation of Belize.  Because of this, it is 567th in India by the amount of people who live there (out of a total of 640).

References 

Districts of Uttarakhand
In geometry, a simplex (plural: simplices or simplexes), sometimes called n-simplex is the n-dimensional analogue figure of the triangle. A triangle is a 2-simplex. The 0-simplex is the point, the 1-simplex is the line segment (line connecting two points). The 3-simplex is the tetrahedron, and the 4-simplex is the pentachoron.

A regular simplex is a simplex that is also a regular polytope. A regular n-simplex may be made from a regular (n -  1)-simplex by connecting a new vertex to all the other vertices. All the vertices have the same length.

Shapes
In geometry a Pentachoron is an object in four-dimensional (4D) space. It is a regular polytope and a 4-simplex. It is also called hyperpyramid, 5-cell or pentatope. It has 5 cells (faces). Each cell is a tetrahedron.

Shapes
Bikaner Division is one of the administrative geographical unit, called a division, of the Republic of India in Rajasthan province.

Local government in India
Divisions of India
Rajasthan
Jodhpur Division is one of the administrative geographical units, called a division, of the Republic of India.

Local government in India
Divisions of India
Rajasthan
Hakka may refer to:

 Hakka people
 Hakka language, a branch of the Chinese language
 Hakka architecture
 Hakka cuisine
 Hakka (genus), a genus of jumping spiders
Hakka is a dialect of the Chinese language spoken mainly in southern China by the Hakka people and their descendants now living in East and Southeast Asia and countries around the world.

References

Further reading 

 The Hakka Dialect. A Linguistic Study of its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon, by Mantaro J. Hashimoto. (Cambridge University Press, 1973).

Chinese language
Leonese Language Day (Día de la Llingua Llïonesa) is a celebration of the Leonese language. This celebration was started in the city of Llión, province of Llión, Spain. It was the result of a protocol signed between Leonese Provincial Government and the Cultural Association for Leonese Language El Fueyu. The celebration is run by the Llión City Council.

Some things that happen during the celebration are a display of traditional Leonese music, as well as the display of some works about Leonese language. There are also books about the Leonese language and Leonese films.
I Leonese Language Day
Leonese Language Day started on June 10, 2006. The celebration was organized by the Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu with the help of the Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín, La Barda (Leonese language association from Salamanca) and Pro Monumenta. There were traditional Leonese musical actuations and it was presented the book in Leonese language "Cuentos del Sil", and several personalities from the cultural, universitary, politic leonese world with young Leonese language students recited poems in Leonese language. It counted with the support of Leonese Provincial Government

II Leonese Language Day
This second Leonese Language Day was celebrated on December 16, 2007. The celebration was organized by the Leonese City Council with the help of several associations. At the celebration a documentary called Asina falamos was shown, as well as a play called Fuei a corteixar a Robles.
III Leonese Language Day
The third Leonese Language Day was run by the Leonese City Council, with help of several Leonese associations like puntuLLI. That celebration was  on December 30. There were meetings about the Leonese Language at the celebration.

IV Leonese Language Day
At the fourth Leonese Language Day there were musicians like Rodrigo Martínez, Banda de Gaitas, and Ciudá de Llión. During the celebration diplomas were given to the people who done Leonese language lessons in School.

Related pages
 Leonese language
 Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu
 Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín
 Cuentos del Sil

Other websites
 Official new of the signement of the Protocl between the Leonese Provincial Government and Leonese Language Association for developing the Leonese Language Day 
Leonese Language Association
Leonese Language Association from El Bierzu
Top Level Domain for Leonese Language
Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa
References

Leonese language
The Asociación PuntuLLI (dot LLI) is an association that promotes the creation of a Top Level Domain for the Leonese Language and Culture.

Similar campaigns started in Scotland (dot SCO), Wales (dot CYM), Berlin (dot Berlin) or New York (dot New York).

PuntuLLI is recognised by cityTLD as a Top Level Domain official initiative.

Origins
The campaign for reaching a .lli domain started on January 2007 looking for the support of associations and institutions. Between the organizations that support this requirement to the ICANN there are associations about culture, language, sport or nature.

Objectives
This association promotes the creation of a .lli domain in Internet, according to the ICANN policy of giving Top Level Domains for the languages and cultures. In this sense, puntuLLI promotes a Leonese language and cultural domain.
Activities
In 2008 PuntuLLI have collaborated with other initiatives for promoting the Leonese language like an sponsor, specially the Armwrestling World Championship, developed in Llión, the Leonese Country Pipe Bands Championship. 
Leonese City Council selected puntuLLI as official developer of the Internet activities in the III Leonese Language Day.

Supports
There are more than 800 people added and 44 organisations that support the campaign, via web, for reaching a Top Level Domain for Leonese language and culture webs.

Similar campaigns
Actually there are campaigns for reaching TLDs for languages and cultures in Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Galicia, Basque Country, England, Quebec and Cornwall.

Similar campaigns, requesting a TLD for cities, are developed in Berlin, London, New York and Paris.

Related pages
Leonese language
Kingdom of León
ICANN
Top Level Domain

References
References

Sources
 Pardo, Abel "El Llïonés y las Tics". Mikroglottika Year Book 2008. Peter Lang. Frankfurt am Main. 2008.  
 Diario de León: "La Plataforma puntuLLI registra ya 6.000 visitas y más de 400 apoyos". January 31, 2007

Other websites
 puntuLLI Association in Leonese language, English, Italian, Catalan and many other languages

Requested top-level domains
Leonese language associations
There are several proposed top-level domains that have not yet been submitted to or approved by ICANN, as of 2008.

Location-based 
 

 .berlin - Berlin.
 .london - London.
 .nyc - New York City.
 .paris - Paris.
 .lat - General Latin American websites, similar to .asia and .eu.
 .africa - General African websites, similar to .asia and .eu.

Language and community 
These proposals are centered on creating an independent internet identity for linguistic and cultural communities. They are mostly inspired by the success of the .cat domain created for websites in the Catalan language or about the Catalan culture.

Children 
.kids is a top-level domain that has been proposed by several entities. So far, none of these proposals (other than the second-level .kids.us domain) have come to fruition.

Applications for a .kids domain have included:

The European Parliament has also proposed .kid for websites designed for children. It would be monitored by an independent authority.
Technical 
 .geo - Generic geographical locations.
 .mail - A domain for e-mail networks, proposed to facilitate fighting e-mail spam.
 .web

Specialized and professional topics 
 .med - Medical hospitals.
 .eco - Environmental causes 
 .post - Postal organizations.
 .xxx - Adult entertainment.

Other websites
 ICANN Proposed Top-Level Domain Registry Service
 Web Campaigns Boost, Eurolang - ICANN discussed the proposed top-level domains at a conference on 3 July 2008

References

Requested top-level domains
ICANN (, eye-can) is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. ICANN is a non-profit corporation that was made on September 18, 1998.

Functions 

It oversees Internet-related tasks that used to be done by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority for the U.S. government. ICANN is located in Marina Del Rey, California, United States.

ICANN manages the assignment of domain names and IP addresses. To date, much of its work is about making new generic top-level domains.

Other websites 
 ICANN website

Internet
The Lone Gunmen was a short-lived television show based on the show The X-Files. It focused on the three geeks that occasionally helped Agents Mulder and Scully. Their names were John Byers, played by Bruce Harwood, Ringo Langly, played by Dean Haglund, and Melvin Frohike, played by Tom Braidwood (who used to work behind the scenes on The X-Files until he was talked into taking the part of Frohike).

The series expanded the line-up to include a character named Jimmy Bond, played by Stephen Snedden, and Yves Adele Harlow, played by Zuleikha Robinson.

It is best known for predicting the events of 9/11 in its first episode.

American science fiction television series
Fox television series
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
A Travelcard is a  ticket used for most transport in London, including buses and the underground. The ticket is issued by Transport for London and National Rail and can be used on the services of either.

History 
Before Travelcards were used, travellers in Greater London had to pay every time they changed between
London Transport's bus and Underground services. This was a problem as it led to delays while purchasing the next ticket.

One ticket for all transport in London was one of the key promises made in 1981 by the newly-elected Labour Greater London Council, headed by council leader Ken Livingstone. The policy, with the slogan "Just The Ticket", meant that only one ticket was needed for London Transport bus and Underground services. They also reduced the price of transport. The price cut was then ruled illegal, but the one pricing scheme was mostly a success and was extended during the 1980s and 1990s as new transport routes were opened in London.
By 1985, there were two travelcards: the Travelcard itself, which covered only London Buses and the Underground, and the Capitalcard, which covered most bus, Underground and local British Rail (BR) services. The Travelcard replaced the original Capitalcard, while including its greater availability, around 1989.

The original "zonal" system was mainly in Greater London. The zone areas used both letters and numbers for the outermost zones such that bus availability ignored the letter while BR and Underground availability depended also upon the letter(s) - e.g. a Travelcard or Capitalcard valid in zone 3a (but not 3b or 3c) was valid on buses in zones 3a, 3b and 3c but only in zone 3a when used on the railway services.

Transport modes 
A Travelcard entitles the holder to use the following modes of transport within Greater London:
London Buses, including some services that terminate outside of Greater London
London Underground
London Overground
Docklands Light Railway
National Rail except for the Heathrow Express
Tramlink

Travelcards also entitle the holder to a 33% discount on some London River Services.

References

Transport in London
A top-level domain, or TLD, are the letters that follow the final dot of the domain names.

There are several kinds of TLDs:

 Infrastructure: One TLD, the .arpa
 Countries: Usually they are codes with two letters according to ISO 3166.
 Sponsored: They are promoted by collectives, organizations, the US government or territories with its own language and culture.
 Generic: They are .com, .net, .org and .info.
 Generic restricted: .edu, .gov, .mil

Related pages
Country code top-level domain (includes a list)

References
Loma de Cabrera is a Dominican city and municipality of the Dajabón province, on the northwestern part of the country, near the border with Haiti.

It was a small town in the Monte Cristi province that became a municipality when the Dajabón province was created in 1938.

Name
Its Spanish name, Loma de Cabrera, means in English Hill of Cabrera or Cabrera's Hill. The city and most of the municipality is among hills and its old name was Loma de David (David's Hill) but it was named after José Cabrera, one of the leaders of the Restoration War against Spain and who fought in this region.

Location
The municipality is surrounded by municipalities of the Dajabón province: Dajabón to the north, Rstauración to the south, and El Pino and Partido to the east. To the west, Loma de Cabrera borders with Haiti.

Population
The city had, in , a total population of 10,893: 5,647 men and 5,246 women. The urban population was  of the total population.
Geography
Loma de Cabrera has a total area of , about  of the total area of the province of Dajabón . The city is an elevation of , and at  to the south of the city of Dajabón, the capital of the province.

Most of the municipality is among mountains because it is in the northern side of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain chain"). The highest mountains are to the south of the city; to the north, there are only low hills with small valleys.

To the north of the city there is a hill with pines that can be seen from the city because it is alone; it is the Cerro Chacuey (in English, Chacuey Hill).

The most important river of the municipality (and of the province) is the Dajabón River, also called Masacre River; it flows across the municipality from south to north. There are other rivers but they are very small and tributaries of the Dajabón.
Administrative division
The municipality of Loma de Cabrera has two municipal districts: Capotillo, to the west of the city and close to Haiti, and Santiago de la Cruz in the northern part of the municipality.

Economy 
The main economic activity of the province is farming; the main products are coffee, beans and manioc.

Cattle raising for milk is also an important activity in the municipality.

References 

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1938 establishments in the Dominican Republic
Enfield Town railway station is the most central of many stations in Enfield, in northeast London. It is the endpoint of a branch line from Liverpool Street, one of the Lea Valley Lines. The station, and all trains serving it, is operated by London Overground. The station is in Travelcard Zone 5.

Trains on the Hertford Loop Linego through Enfield. Enfield Chase railway station is on the opposite side of the town centre.  The nearest station on the West Anglia Main Line is at Ponders End.

Gallery

Related pages

Enfield Lock railway station
Enfield Chase railway station

References

Other websites

 

London Travelcard zone 5
Railway stations in the London Borough of Enfield
1849 establishments in England
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
Edmonton Green railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in north east London, and is in Travelcard Zone 4. It is on the Seven Sisters branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The station is served by London Overground during off peak and peak times and Abellio Greater Anglia during peak times. It is in the centre of Edmonton, London.

The station was opened as Edmonton Green on July 22, 1872 and was renamed to Lower Edmonton on July 1, 1883. It reverted to its original name in 1992 to better reflect the name of the area which it serves. It is located close to Edmonton Green shopping centre. It is near the former site of Lower Edmonton (low level) railway station.

Gallery

References

Other websites

Railway stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Railway stations opened in 1872
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1872 establishments in England
The avoirdupois system is a system for measuring weight. It is based on a pound of 16 ounces or 7,000 grains (453.59 grams). It is the system used in the United States. It is still used by many people in Canada, United Kingdom, and Ireland. 

Imperial units