Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
October 22 - Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, 32, Canadian gunman, suspected perpetrator of the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, shot.
 October 23 - Göran Johansson, 69, Swedish politician, Mayor of Gothenburg Municipality (1988-1991), and union leader.
 October 23 - Alvin Stardust, 72, English singer ("My Coo Ca Choo"), prostate cancer.
 October 23 - John Bramlett, 73, American football player (Boston Patriots).
 October 23 - Ghulam Azam, 91, Bangladeshi war criminal, convicted for the Bangladesh Liberation War, stroke.
 October 23 - Joan Quigley, 87, American astrologer, spiritual advisor for Nancy and Ronald Reagan, short-illness.
 October 23 - Bernard Mayes, 85, British-born American broadcast and academic, Parkinson's disease.
 October 23 - André Piters, 83, Belgian footballer (Standard Liège).
 October 24 - Kim Anderzon, 71, Swedish actress (Second Dance), spinal cancer. 
 October 24 - Mbulaeni Mulaudzi, 34, South African middle-distance runner, Olympic silver medalist (2004), traffic collision.
October 24 - S. S. Rajendran, 86, Indian actor, lung infection.
 October 24 - Lorenzo Albacete, 73, American Roman Catholic priest.
 October 25 - Reyhaneh Jabbari, 26, Iranian women convicted of murder, executed. 
 October 25 - Jack Bruce, 71, Scottish musician (Cream) and composer, liver disease.
 October 25 - Carlos Morales Troncoso, 74, Dominican politician, Vice President (1986–1994), Secretary of Foreign Affairs (2004–2014), leukemia.
 October 25 - Marcia Strassman, 66, American actress (Welcome Back, Kotter, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids), breast cancer.
 October 26 - Oscar Taveras, 22, Dominican baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals), car accident.
 October 26 - Mo Collins, 38, American football player (Oakland Raiders), kidney failure.
 October 26 - Germain Gagnon, 71, Canadian ice hockey player (Chicago Blackhawks, Montreal Canadiens, New York Islanders), long-illness.
 October 26 - Senzo Meyiwa, 27, South African footballer (Orlando Pirates), shot.
October 26 - Jeff Robinson, 52, American baseball player (Detroit Tigers).
 October 26 - Genpei Akasegawa, 77, Japanese author and artist, sepsis.
 October 27 - Starke Taylor, 92, American politician, Mayor of Dallas, Texas (1983–1987).
 October 27 - Shin Hae-chul, 46, South Korean singer (N.EX.T), heart attack.
 October 28 - Hans Schneider, 87, Austrian-born American mathematician and journal editor ("Linear Algebra and its Applications"), cancer.
 October 28 - Michael Sata, 77, Zambian politician, President (since 2011), heart attack.
 October 28 - Romualdas Granauskas, 75, Lithuanian author. 
 October 28 - Koichiro Kimura, 44, Japanese professional writer and martial artist, pneumonia.
 October 28 - Galway Kinnell, 87, American Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, leukemia.
 October 29 - Klas Ingesson, 46, Swedish footballer (national team), multiple myeloma.
 October 30 - Thomas Menino, 71, American politician, Mayor of Boston (1993–2014), cancer.
October 30 - Bob Geigel, 90, American professional wrestler and promoter, Alzheimer's disease.
 October 31 - David Manker Abshire, 88, American diplomat, Permanent Representative to NATO (1983–1987).
 October 31 - Hitoshi Motoshima, 92, Japanese politician, Mayor of Nagasaki (1979–1995).
 October 31 - John Forzani, 67, Canadian businessman and football player, heart attack.
 October 31 - Renato Sellani, 88, Italian jazz pianist and composer.
 October 31 - Brad Halsey, 33, American baseball player (Oakland Athletics), fall.
Previous months
Deaths in January 2014
Deaths in February 2014
Deaths in March 2014 
Deaths in April 2014
Deaths in May 2014
Deaths in June 2014
Deaths in July 2014
Deaths in August 2014
Deaths in September 2014
Deaths in November 2014
Deaths in December 2014

References

10
October 2014 events
Luis Nishizawa (February 2, 1918 – September 29, 2014) was a Mexican artist. He was known for his landscape work and murals. He began training as an artist in 1942 at the height of the Mexican muralism movement but studied other painting styles as well as Japanese art. In addition to painting canvases and murals, he was a professor of fine arts at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Nihizawa was born in Cuautitlán, Mexico.

Nishizawa died in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 96.

Related pages
 List of Mexican painters

References

1918 births
2014 deaths
Mexican artists
Mexican academics
George "Shotgun" Shuba (December 13, 1924 – September 29, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was an outfielder. He was a left-handed pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. Shuba played seven seasons for the Brooklyn Dodgers. 

His seven seasons included three World Series as well as a World Series championship in 1955.  He was the first National League player to hit a pinch-hit home run in a World Series game.

Shuba is often remembered for his symbolic role in breaking down Major League Baseball's tenacious "color barrier". He was born in Youngstown, Ohio.

While playing for a farm team in the 1940s, Shuba offered a congratulatory handshake to teammate Jackie Robinson, who went on to become the first African American to play in a major league game since the late 19th century. The moment was captured in a well-known photograph dubbed A Handshake for the Century for featuring the first interracial handshake in a professional baseball game.
Shuba died on September 29, 2014, at age 89 in Youngstown, Ohio. He was the last living Brooklyn Dodger who appeared in the final game of the 1955 World Series, the only one won by the Dodgers in their Brooklyn history.

References

Other websites
 Baseball Library Player Page 
 Robinson-Shuba Handshake
 George Shuba's Website 

1924 births
2014 deaths
Brooklyn Dodgers players
Sportspeople from Ohio
People from Youngstown, Ohio
Miguel Boyer Salvador (5 February 1939 – 29 September 2014) was a French-born Spanish economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Economy, Treasury and Commerce. He served as minister from 1982 to 1985.

Boyer died of a pulmonary embolism after being admitted to the Ruber International Hospital in Madrid on 29 September 2014. He was 75.

References

1939 births
2014 deaths
Spanish politicians
Molvi Iftikhar Hussain Ansari (Kashmiri: मौलवी इफ्तिखार हुसैन अंसारी (Devanagari), مولوی افتخار حسین ااری (Nastaleeq)) (26 April 1940 – 30 September 2014) was a Kashmiri Shia cleric, politician and a businessman. He succeeded his father Molvi Muhammad Jawad Ansari as president of All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association in Jammu & Kashmir in 1962.

He was a sitting member of Jammu and Kashmir's Legislative Assembly for the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party. He was earlier a member of National Conference and Congress. He was also a business tycoon with interest in car dealerships.

On morning of 30 September 2014, Iftikhar Hussain died of due to cirrhosis, aged 74.

References

1940 births
2014 deaths
Indian businesspeople
Politicians  from Jammu and Kashmir
Peter Regin Jensen (born April 16, 1986) is a Danish professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Ottawa Senators and New York Islanders. Aside from the NHL, Regin has also played in the Oddset Ligaen with Herning Blue Fox and in the Elitserien with Timrå IK.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Regin played 3 seasons with the Herning Blue Fox in the Oddset Ligaen. During his time there, he was named the Rookie of the Year in 2004. He was drafted with the 87th overall pick by the Ottawa Senators in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Before playing with the Senators, Regin decided to play another season with Herning and joined Timrå IK in the Elitserien in 2005. He played 3 seasons with them and increased both his goal and point production in each season that he was there.

On June 2, 2008, he signed a multi-year entry-level contract with Ottawa Senators and was assigned to their AHL-affiliate, the Binghamton Senators.
On January 20, 2009, Regin was called up and made his NHL debut in a 3-2 win against the Washington Capitals. He was sent back down to Binghamton the next day. On January 29, 2009, Regin played in his third NHL game and scored his first NHL goal, a game winner, against Chris Mason of the St. Louis Blues. On July 29, 2010, the Senators resigned Regin to a two-year, $2 million contract extension. On February 19, 2011, in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs, Regin suffered a dislocated shoulder after being pushed into the boards by Toronto's Joey Crabb and needed season-ending surgery. On April 5, 2012, Regin was re-signed to a one-year, one-way contract by the Senators.

On July 5, 2013, Regin signed a 1-year deal with the New York Islanders.
He played a season with them and was traded along with Pierre-Marc Bouchard to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2014 fourth-round draft pick on February 6, 2014. The Blackhawks re-signed Regin to a one-year contract on July 1, 2014.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1986 births
American Hockey League players
Binghamton Senators players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Danish sportspeople
Living people
New York Islanders players
Ottawa Senators players
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Swedish Hockey League players
Ice hockey centres
Mr. Wrong is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about murder and marriage to the wrong person. Ellen DeGeneres plays Martha. Joan Cusack plays Inga. Joan Plowright plays Mrs. Crawford. Robert Goulet plays Braxton. 

Critics did not like this movie. It became a box office bomb.

1996 romantic comedy movies
The Truth about Cats & Dogs is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about two women dating the same man. Janeane Garofalo plays Abby Barnes. Uma Thurman plays Noelle Slusarsky.

This movie got positive reviews from critics. It earned back its budget.

1996 romantic comedy movies
The Rock is a 1996 action-adventure movie. The movie is about events taking place on Alcatraz Island. Sean Connery plays John Patrick Mason. Nicolas Cage plays Stanley Goodspeed. 

The Rock received positive reviews from the critics. It was a box office hit.

1996 action movies
American action movies
Movies directed by Michael Bay
Sir Mark Aurel Stein or Aurel Stein (1862-1943), FRAS, was a British-Hungarian archaeologist and explorer. He traveled to many parts of South Asia and Central Asia to discover ancient cultures and their remains. 

He died and was buried in Kabul, Afghanistan.

References

Hungarian people
British archaeologists 
British explorers
1862 births
1943 deaths
Rezső Gallai (29 January 1904 — 25 September 2014) was an Hungarian supercentenarian. He lived until the age of 110 years, 239 days. Gallai was the oldest living man in Europe, following the death of 111-year old Arturo Licata on 24 April 2014, until his own death on 25 September 2014.

Gallai died on 25 September 2014 in Győr, aged 110.

References 

1904 births
2014 deaths
Hungarian people
Supercentenarians
Győr-Moson-Sopron County
Lawrence is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the Merrimack River. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a total population of 76,377.

References

Cities in Massachusetts
County seats in Massachusetts
Jason McGerr is the drummer for the alternative rock band Death Cab for Cutie. He is also an instructor at the Seattle Drum School of Music.

Discography

Death Cab for Cutie
Studio albums
 Transatlanicism (October 7, 2003)
 Plans (August 30, 2005)
 Narrow Stairs (May 13, 2008)
 Codes and Keys (May 31, 2011)

References 

Living people
American rock drummers
Musicians from Washington
1974 births
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is a collection of statues donated by individual states to honor people very important in their history. Originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, renamed National Statuary Hall, the expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is now complete with 100 statues by each 50 states. Alabama, Arizona, California, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan and Ohio each replaced one of their first two statues a few years after Congress authorized replacements. The most recent state to replace a statue was Ohio, which replaced its statue of William Allen with one of Thomas Edison in September 2016.

Other websites

Official website of the National Statuary Hall Collection
Official information on the origin of the National Statuary Hall Collection 
Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events Congressional Research Service

Statues
USS Constellation (CV-64), is a Kitty Hawk–class supercarrier. It was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the "new constellation of stars" on the flag of the United States.

It is the only naval vessel ever given the right to display red, white, and blue designation numbers. One of the fastest ships in the Navy, as proven by her victory during a battlegroup race held in 1985. She was nicknamed "Connie" by her crew and officially as "America's Flagship" by President Ronald Reagan.

Other websites

 An official US Navy USS Constellation page
 Official current status of Constellation  – NAVSHIPSO (NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office)
 An unofficial USS Constellation webpage
Maritimequest USS Constellation CV-64 Photo Gallery 
 Overhead view of the Constellation in 'mothballs' – Google Maps
 USS Constellation history at U.S. Carriers
America's Flagship: A History of USS Constellation (CV/CVA-64)  by Mike Weeks – Naval Aviation News –  March–April 2004

Constellation (CV-64)
On 28 September at around noon, the protesters moved onto Harcourt Road and went on to occupy Queensway. After a standoff that lasted for several hours, police started using tear gas and water cannons on the crowds and they also threatened to open fire with rubber bullets if they did not leave.

Further reading 
Umbrella Movement
2019–20 Hong Kong protests

References 

2014 in China
2010s in Hong Kong
2010s protests
Grosvenor Square  is a large garden square in the exclusive Mayfair district of London, England. It is the property of the Duke of Westminster. There is a 9/11 memorial and statues of American presidents like Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan. Grosvenor Square is the location of the American embassy in England.

Related pages 
 List of botanical gardens

Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Richard Bachman is a pen name used by horror fiction author Stephen King.

Origin
At the beginning of Stephen King's career, the general view among publishers was that an author was limited to one book per year. They thought publishing more would not be seen as good to the public. King wanted to write under another name so he could write more than one book per year. His publisher, Signet Books, agreed to print more books under a pseudonym.

In the start of The Bachman Books, King said using the nom de plume Bachman was to see if his success was due to talent or luck. King said he put out the Bachman books with very little marketing.  He did his best to "load the dice against" Bachman. King never found the answer to the "talent versus luck" question. He said he let everyone know that he was Bachman too soon. The Bachman book Thinner (1984) sold 28,000 copies during its first printing. When it was told that King wrote the book, the sales went up by ten times.
The pseudonym King first picked (Gus Pillsbury) is the name of King's mother's grandfather. At the last moment King changed the name to Richard Bachman. Richard is the same as crime author Donald E. Westlake's pseudonym Richard Stark. (The last name Stark was later used in King's book The Dark Half. Bachman was picked from Bachman–Turner Overdrive, a rock and roll band King was listening to at the time his publisher asked him to choose a pseudonym on the spot.
Identification
King dedicated Bachman's early books — Rage (1977), The Long Walk (1979), Roadwork (1981), and The Running Man (1982) — to people close to him. The link between King and his shadow writer was found out after a Washington, D.C. bookstore clerk, Steve Brown, noted things that seemed the same between the writing styles of King and Bachman. Brown located publisher's records at the Library of Congress which included a document naming King as the author of one of Bachman's novels. Brown wrote to King's publishers with a copy of the papers he found. He asked them what to do. Two weeks later, King telephoned Brown himself. King told Brown that he should write an article about how he found the truth. King let Brown interview him.  At the time of the announcement in 1985, King was working on Misery, which he was going to put out as a Bachman book.
Post-outing
In 1987, the Bachman novel The Running Man gave the idea for the Paul Glaser movie of the same name. King did not want his name to be on the credits. The screen credit for the movie went to Richard Bachman.

King used the "relationship" between himself and Bachman as a theme in his 1989 book The Dark Half. In the book a writer's darker pseudonym takes on a life of its own. King dedicated The Dark Half to "the late Richard Bachman."  There were plans to make the book a collaboration between the two, but this was later thrown out.
In 1996, Bachman's The Regulators came out, with the publishers saying the book's manuscript was found among Bachman's leftover papers by his widow. It was released as a companion novel with King's Desperation; the two novels took place in different universes but featured many of the same characters. The two book covers were designed to be placed together to form a single picture. In the foreword by King included with Desperation he said that there may be another Bachman novel left to be "found."

The next Bachman book to be 'discovered' was Blaze. Blaze was an unpublished novel that King wrote before Carrie or the creation of Richard Bachman. For its publication King rewrote, edited, and updated the entire book. It was published in 2007 under the Bachman pseudonym, with a foreword by King under his own name.
King has taken full ownership of the Bachman name on numerous occasions, as with the republication of the first four Bachman titles as The Bachman Books: Four Early Novels by Stephen King in 1985. The introduction, titled "Why I Was Bachman," details the whole Bachman/King story. (In 1996, the collection was reissued with a new King essay, "The Importance of Being Bachman.")

Richard Bachman was also referred to in Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of books. In the fifth book, Wolves of the Calla, the scary children's book Charlie the Choo Choo is said to be written by "Claudia y Inez Bachman." The spelling discrepancy of the added 'y' was later explained as a deus ex machina on the part of "The White" (a force of good throughout King's Tower series) to bring the total number of letters in her name to nineteen, a number prominent in King's series. In the next novel of the series, Song of Susannah, Stephen King briefly discusses his Richard Bachman pseudonym.
After the Heath High School shooting, King announced that he would allow Rage to go out of print. He feared that it might inspire similar tragedies. Rage for a time continued to be available in the United Kingdom in The Bachman Books collection. Now the collection no longer has Rage. In a footnote to the preface of Blaze, dated 30 January 2007, King wrote of Rage: "Now out of print, and a good thing." King's other Bachman novels are available in the US in separate volumes.

In 2010, King appeared on the FX television show Sons of Anarchy in a cameo appearance. His character, named Bachman, did contract work quietly getting rid of dead bodies.

In issue 29 of the comic adaptation of The Stand, Richard Bachman appears as one of the top lieutenants of Randall Flagg. He replaced the character of Whitney Horgan from the original book. He is drawn to look like King.
In the 2013 Grimm episode "Nameless", Richard Bachman, being a pseudonym of Stephen King, was a plot point.  King's novel, Rage, had its title page used as a prop for the killer to write a note to the police.

Bibliography

 Rage (1977)
 The Long Walk (1979)
 Roadwork (1981)
 The Running Man (1982)
 Thinner (1984)
 The Regulators (1996)
 Blaze (2007)

Other pseudonyms

King wrote a short story, "The Fifth Quarter", under the pseudonym John Swithen (the name of a character in the book Carrie), that was published in Cavalier magazine April 1972. The story was later reprinted in King's collection Nightmares & Dreamscapes in 1993 under his own name. In the introduction to the Bachman novel Blaze, King claims, with tongue-in-cheek, that "Bachman" was the person using the Swithen pseudonym .

References

Pen names
Stephen King

ja:スティーヴン・キング#リチャード・バックマン
Shlomo Lahat (9 September 1927 – 1 October 2014) was an Israeli general and politician. He served as Mayor of Tel Aviv from 1974 until 1993. He was a member of Likud.

Lahat was born in Berlin, Germany. He and his family moved to Israel in 1933 during the Nazi uprising. During his final years, Lahat had Alzheimer's disease.

Lahat died from a lung infection on 1 October 2014 in Tel Aviv. He was 86.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Infectious disease deaths in Israel
German Jews
Likud politicians
Israeli generals
Israeli mayors
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish military people
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Politicians from Tel Aviv
People with Alzheimer's disease
Politicians from Berlin
The Bhaati Gate is one of the 12 old gates of Lahore's walled city, now in Pakistan. It dates from Mughal times.

Origins and sights
The Bhaati Gate was named after the Bhatti tribe of Rajputs who used to live here in large numbers. It also has an old bazaar, or market called Bazaar i Hakiman (Bazaar of the Doctors) where traditional doctors or medical experts, used to help sick people. Another famous place here is the Fakir Khana Museum, made by the Fakir Family.

Literary importance
For a long time, the Bhaati Gate area was also the 'literary home' to many famous writers, living here. These included Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad (a student of Mirza Ghalib), Pakistan's national poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Hakim Ahmad Shuja, Syed Imtiaz Ali Taj, Agha Hashr and others.

Bhaati area also has many other old buildings and shops etc., that are of interest to tourists.

References

Mughal architecture
Buildings and structures in Lahore
The Bhatti () are a Muslim & Hindu tribal conferedency in India , Pakistan & Afghanistan. According to Chachanamah, they are a part of Lohana/Luhana conferedency.They are subcaste of many tribes/castes such as Rajputs, Jats, Gujjars and Samma-Lohanas. All of them are said to be descended from the line of Jadam Aheers.

References

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnic groups in India
A riding habit is a suit of clothing worn by women when they ride horses. It includes a jacket, a long skirt, a shirt, and a hat. The rider also wears boots, a necktie, and gloves. Riding habits were first worn in the 18th century.

Sports clothing
Horse riding
Naturalism was a 19th century literary movement. It was a development of the realism movement. Realism attempted to show subjects as they actually were, honestly and naturally. Naturalism added scientific elements such as environment and heredity to fictional characters. Unlike realism, naturalism used characters who were of the lower classes. It was also known for themes including taboo and violence. Émile Zola was the best-known writer of the literary school of naturalism. He was joined by other writers such as Gustave Flaubert, and Alphonse Daudet.

References

Related pages 
Naturalism (arts)
Naturalism (philosophy)

Literature
Moose Pond is a pond in the U.S. state of Maine.

Ponds
Geography of Maine
Bodies of water of the United States
An acidophile is an extremophile organism which thrives in extremely acidic conditions. What "acidic" usually means here is environments at pH 2.0 or below. These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria, and a few eukaryotes.

Inside the organisms, their cells are at a normal pH. They have evolved mechanisms which pump protons (H+) out of the intracellular space in order to keep the cytoplasm at or near neutral pH. 

microbiology
Extremophiles
An alkaliphile is an organism that lives and grows well in extremely alkaline conditions that are harmful to most life on Earth. To be considered an alkaliphile, the organism must have optimal growth in environments with a pH level of 9.0 or above.

Surviving and growing in an environment that has a high pH level is very difficult. Many processes in the cell are blocked by high pH levels. Alkaline conditions change DNA, and make the plasma membrane of the cell unstable. Alkaliphiles have two basic methods of dealing with these problems: Either they have a way of making the environment more acidic, or they have adapted the cellular processes, so that they work best in highly alkaline conditions. To find out which of the two mechanisms a specific organism uses, experiments are needed.

References 

Extremophiles
Jonny Gomes (born November 22, 1980) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Nationals, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Atlanta Braves, and Kansas City Royals.

References

Other websites
http://www.si.com/mlb/player/jonny-gomes Jonny Gomes Oakland Athletics 2014 SI.com

Oakland Athletics players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Boston Red Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Washington Nationals players
Living people
1980 births
Tampa Bay Devil Rays players
Atlanta Braves players
Kansas City Royals players
Jerrie Mock (November 22, 1925 – September 30, 2014) was the first woman who flew around the world by herself. She did so in 1964. She flew a single engine Cessna 180. It was named "Spirit of Columbus" and nicknamed "Charlie". The trip began on March 19, 1964 in Columbus, Ohio. It ended on April 17, 1964, also in Columbus. The trip took 29 days.

Mock was born in Newark, Ohio. She was found dead in Quincy, Florida.

Mock flew around the world before Amelia Earhart and by herself.

References

People from Ohio
American aviators
1925 births
2014 deaths
A counterattack is a tactic used in response to an attack. The modern term became popular in "war games". The purpose is to neutralize or stop the advantage gained by an enemy during an attack. At the same time it is used to regain lost ground or destroy the attacking enemy. A counterattack depends on surprise, speed, and doing what the enemy does not expect. To be most effective it needs to be launched before an enemy has time to get organized and has not yet strengthened his new position. The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu (544 BC – 496 BC) is the earliest writer who mentioned the advantages of a bold counterattack.

References 

Military terminology
Ibrahim Awwad (), known by his pseudonym Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (; 28 July 1971 – 26 October 2019) was an Iraqi terrorist and politician. He was leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant from 2013 to 2019. His followers in the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) call him their caliph. On 4 October 2011, the US State Department listed al-Baghdadi as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist, and announced a reward of up to US$10 million for information leading to his capture or death. His father was Awwad Ibrahim, a religious cleric. The family belonged to al-Badri tribe.

On 11 July 2017, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights was quoted by Reuters and AFP as saying that it had "confirmed information" that al-Baghdadi has been killed by a Russian airstrike in Syria sometime in June 2017 at the either age of 45.
However, on 28 September 2017, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a 46-minute audio recording of al-Baghdadi in which he refers to events that had happened since the death rumors, including North Korean threats against Japan and United States and the recapture of Mosul by U.S. backed Iraqi forces in July.

On 26 October 2019, Baghdadi killed himself by detonating a suicide vest during a United States special operations raid in Syria's northwestern Idlib province  in a village called Barisha. This is confirmed by US President Donald Trump at 9am EST (1300 GMT).

Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi replaced him as the leader of ISIS.

References

1971 births
2019 deaths
Caliphs 
Iraqi politicians
Islamic State people
Al-Qaeda people
Murderers who committed suicide
Suicide bombings in the 2010s
Suicide in 2019
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List
Iraqi military people
Deaths by suicide bomber
Prisoners of war
War criminals
Sacrifice (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on May 24, 2009 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the fifth Sacrifice event that TNA held.

There were eight matches on the card. The main event was known as the Four Way Ultimate Sacrifice match, which was between TNA World Heavyweight Champion, Mick Foley, against Sting, Kurt Angle, and Jeff Jarrett. Each of the competitors in the match wagered an important aspect of their career: Foley's title, Sting's career, Angle's leadership of the Main Event Mafia, and Jarrett's shares in the company. Two other important matches saw A.J. Styles retaining the TNA Legends Championship against Booker T in an "I Quit" match and Beer Money, Inc. defeating The British Invasion to win the "Team 3D Invitational Tag Team Tournament".
Sacrifice gained positive reviews. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter thought that the show, "overachieved". Melzer gave attention to the "Team 3D Invitational Tag Team Tournament" finals match and the "I Quit" match. The only thing he criticized was some of the illogical booking tactics that were made by the company. James Caldwell of the Pro Wrestling Torch also gave the event a good review but criticized the show in a number of spots, mainly the "I Quit" match: "Best match of the PPV until the finish with Sharmell-Jenna continuing their feud on PPV TV. Keep it on free TV (if TNA is so adamant about continuing this), but don't put that dumb storyline on pay TV. As usual, TNA tries to find a way out of a stipulation. Sucks to rant on that, because the match was awesome and one of Booker's best performances in years."

Matches

References

Other websites
Official TNA Sacrifice website
2009 in American television
2009 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling pay-per-view events
2000s in Orlando, Florida
2009 in Florida
The pincer movement, or double envelopment, is a tactic in which forces attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation at the same time. The pincer movement can be used when opposing forces advance towards the center of an army. That army responds by moving its outside forces to the enemy's flanks to surround it. At the same time, a second layer of pincers may attack on the more distant flanks to cut off the enemy reinforcements.

Description 

A full pincer movement leads to the attacking army facing the enemy in front, on both flanks, and in the rear.  If attacking pincers link up in the enemy's rear, the enemy is encircled.  Such battles often end in surrender or destruction of the enemy force. The encircled force can try to break out or counterattack. A successful flanking maneuver can be difficult to accomplish.

History
History 

Sun Tzu, in The Art of War, talked about the maneuver. But he made the point to leave a surrounded enemy an escape route. Otherwise, faced with death, a surrounded enemy would fight much harder. This advice seems to have been followed by General George Patton when his sweeping pincer movement trapped the German army in the Falaise pocket in August 1944.

 The maneuver may have first been used at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.  The historian Herodotus describes how the Athenian general Miltiades used it. During the battle, the weaker central formations retreated. this allowed the wings to come together behind the Persian battle line. It drove the Persians to retreat in panic.

 A famous example is at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC by Hannibal. Military historians view this as one of the greater battlefield maneuvers in history.

 It was a favorite tactic used by Charlemagne against his enemies. He routinely divided his command into two armies in order to trap his enemy between them.
Daniel Morgan used it effectively  at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781 in South Carolina. The British troops thought Morgan's men were retreating and charged right into the trap.

 Flanking maneuvers were a major part of the German blitzkrieg during World War II. It involved fast movement by tanks, artillery and aircraft to overwhelm their enemies.

Related pages 

 Flanking maneuver
 Turning movement
 Attrition warfare
 Feigned retreat
 Oblique order 
 Shock tactics
 Envelopment
 Rearguard
 Ambush

References

Other websites 

 Pincer Movement
 Blitzkrieg

Military terminology
Military tactics
Riding sidesaddle is a type of horseback riding. Sidesaddle riding uses a special saddle. This saddle allows the rider to sit 'aside' rather than 'astride' a horse. Astride means the rider's legs are opened with one leg on each side of the horse. In sidesaddle, the rider's legs are basically closed and both legs are on the same side of the horse.  Girls and women mostly ride sidesaddle. Riding sidesaddle allows them to use a modest posture while showing off their nicest riding habits. There are two categories for competition, Junior and Senior classes.

In history 

Women sitting aside a horse to ride began in ancient history. It later became popular in European countries in the Middle Ages. This gave women wearing skirts a way to ride a horse in a modest way while also wearing their fancy clothes. It is still popular  with some modern riders.

References

Equestrian sports
The Battle of Valverde was an American Civil War battle fought from February 20 to February 21, 1862. It was fought near the present day town of Valverde, New Mexico. This town was at a ford across the Rio Grande river in what was at the time Confederate Arizona. The battle was a major success in the New Mexico campaign of the Southern states. The Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia fought Union Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico and Colorado. Colonel Kit Carson commanded the 1st New Mexico (Union) Infantry.

References 

American Civil War battles
History of New Mexico
1862 in the United States
February events
Characterization is the idea of making characters for a narrative. It is a literary element and may be used in dramatic works of art or everyday conversation. Characters can be shown by description. They can also be shown through their speech, thoughts, or actions.

References

Other websites
 by Dr. Marilyn H. Stauffer of the University of South Florida
Character and characterisation  in The UVic Writer's Guide  (from the University of Victoria)
Drama Theory
15 Days to Stronger Characters
Characterisation thesaurus for writers

Fiction
Literary terms
Narratology
A literary element is a part of books and stories of narrative fiction. It is kind of verbal storytelling. It can be found in any written or spoken narrative. This is different than literary techniques. For example, plot, theme, and tone are literary elements. Figurative language, irony, or foreshadowing are literary techniques.

Literary elements help in the discussion and understanding of a work of literature as basic categories of critical analysis; literary elements could be said to be made by the readers of a work just as much as they are produced by its author. They are a kind of literary education at the primary and secondary level. A set of terms often appear in a school's student evaluations. For example, the New York State Comprehensive English Regents Examinations make students use and talk about literary elements relating to works in each of the two essays.

References

Writing
Literary terms
Narratology
A narrative is a literary term for the events that make up a story. It is the way the events connect and make up the plot of a story or book.

A narrative reports connected events, presented to the person reading or listener in a sequence of written or spoken words.

A common term for narrative is plot. The study on structure in narratives is called narratology.

Related pages
Narrative poetry
Theme (narrative)

References

Narratology
Unbreakable was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on September 11, 2005 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the first and only Unbreakable event that TNA held and was also the ninth event in TNA's 2005 pay-per-view schedule.

There were nine matches on the card and two pre-show matches. The main event was a Three Way match between then-champion Christopher Daniels, A.J. Styles and Samoa Joe. Styles ended up winning the match and became the new X Division Champion. Another top card match saw Raven defeat Rhino in a Raven's Rules match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.
Unbreakable gained positive reviews. The Three Way TNA X Division Championship match earned a rare 5 star rating from Dave Meltzer which was the first that the promotion had received. Corey David Lacroix of the professional wrestling section of the Canadian Online Explorer rated the show 8 out of 10, and said "TNA's Unbreakable PPV was an astounding buffet of action, catering to the variety of tastes among professional wrestling fans."

Matches

References

2005 in American television
2005 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling pay-per-view events
2005 in Orlando, Florida
September 2005 events
Step Up All In is an American 2014 romantic and musical drama movie. The movie is about a dance crew that are rejected at every audition they go to. The crew decide to leave Los Angeles and come back to Miami. Briana Evigan plays Andie. Alyson Stoner plays Camille.

This movie was released on August 8, 2014. It got mixed reviews from critics. It made more than $86 million in the box office.

2014 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
A literary technique is any method an author uses to tell their message. This makes it easy to tell them from literary elements, which are mostly found in literature.

References

Fiction
Narratology
Pedro Peña Allén (December 14, 1925 – October 2, 2014) was an Spanish actor. He was known for his roles in Médico de familia (1995), Un paso adelante (2002) and Dulce (2011). He was born in Tordehumos, Spain.

Peña died in Madrid, Spain from Alzheimer's disease, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Lynsey de Paul (11 June 1948 – 1 October 2014) was an English singer-songwriter. She was known for representing the U.K. in the 1977 with Mike Moran on "Rock Bottom" at Eurovision. She was also known for her songs, "Sugar Me", "Getting a Drag","Won't Somebody Dance With Me", ''Ooh I Do", "No Honestly", "My Man and Me", "Storm In A Teacup" and "Sleeping Blue Nights".

De Paul was born in London, England. She was never married, but was known for being in relationships with Ringo Starr, Roy Wood, James Coburn, Sean Connery, Bill Kenwright, Bernie Taupin, Chas Chandler and Dudley Moore.

De Paul suffered a brain hemorrhage on the morning of 1 October 2014. She died in a London hospital hours later, aged 66.

References

Other websites
Official website

1948 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
English singer-songwriters
Singers from London
Writers from London
"Losing My Religion" is a 1991 rock song from R.E.M.. The song became R.E.M.'s highest charting song for the United States. It hit #4 on Billboard Hot 100. It was nominated for several Grammy Awards. It won two.

The song was released on February 19, 1991.

R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck wrote the riff and chorus to the song on a mandolin while learning to play it. Buck had just bought the instrument and was recording the music as he practiced. Buck said that "when I listened back to it the next day, there was a bunch of stuff that was really just me learning how to play mandolin, and then there's what became 'Losing My Religion', and then a whole bunch more of me learning to play the mandolin."

Further reading 
 Black, Johnny. Reveal: The Story of R.E.M. Backbeat Books, 2004.

References 

Rock songs
1991 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
R.E.M. songs
A literary term is a word that is used in talking or writing about books and stories. They are words used to describe various forms of writing by an author.

References

Literary terms
Joyride is the third studio album by Roxette. The album has the songs "Joyride" and "Fading Like a Flower". "Joyride" hit #1 on the Billboard Hot 100. In June 1991, it became the best selling album in Europe for 2 weeks.

This album was released on March 28, 1991.

1991 albums
Ken Dunek (born June 20, 1957) was a professional football player with the Philadelphia Eagles.  Dunek went to college at Memphis State (now known as University of Memphis).  During college, he played forward on the basketball team. He switched to football his senior year.  In 1980, he started playing with the Philadelphia Eagles. Since leaving the Eagles, he has worked as an author and motivational speaker.

References

1957 births
Living people
Philadelphia Eagles players
Sportspeople from Chicago
Foreshadowing or guessing ahead is a literary device by which an author hints what is to come. It is used to avoid disappointment, and sometimes used to arouse readers.

Example
Foreshadowing is used in the works of John Steinbeck. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie accidentally kills a mouse, a puppy dog and finally Curley's Wife. This foreshadows his own death. When Carlson kills Candy's Dog, Candy told George, "I ought to of shot that dog myself" making George later chose to kill Lennie himself to save him from dying by the hands of a stranger. Doing it the way that Carlson did it was for the best because, "He won't even feel it."

References

Literary terms
Writing
Literature
"Joyride" is a 1991 song from Roxette. The song is about falling in love.

The single topped the charts in Europe, the United States and Australia. It hit #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song was released on February 27, 1991.

1991 songs
Pop songs
Roxette songs
Frieda Szwillus (née Hennig; 30 March 1902 – 21 September 2014) was a German supercentenarian. She had been Germany's oldest living person from 22 April 2014 until her death almost 5 months later. She lived to be 112 years old and 175 days.

Szwillus died in Raschau-Markersbach, Saxony, Germany. Szwillus was, at the time of her death, the second oldest German person ever behind Maria Laqua.

References 

1902 births
2014 deaths
German centenarians
People from Saxony-Anhalt
Supercentenarians
Pope Shenouda III (3 August 1923 – 17 March 2012) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His papacy lasted for forty years, four months, and four days from 14 November 1971 until his death on 17 March 2012.

Pope Shenouda III died on 17 March 2012 in Cairo, Egypt from respiratory and kidney failure, aged 88.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Pope Shenouda III – Coptic Orthodox Church Network: Biography, Online Books, and Audio Sermons
 Some Articles by Pope Shenouda III in English 
 More information about the life of Pope Shenouda III – from Saint Takla Haymanout the Ethiopian Church, Alexandria, Egypt
 Common declaration of Pope Shenouda III and Pope Paul VI (1973)
 Pope Shenouda III's story and life in Arabic and English 
 Pope Shenouda III's Life 

1923 births
2012 deaths
Copts
Patriarchs
Alexandria Governorate
Critical analysis is to examine something that someone has said. It means to study the individual parts of the work.

References

Thought
Logic
Theme in writing is what you think is important in a story or narrative. It is the big idea of the work. 

In contemporary literary studies, a theme is how the central topic a text, book, or story is treated. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject".

The most common understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story. It can be summed in a single word (e.g. love, death, betrayal). Some examples of themes of this type are conflict between the person and society; getting to adult age; humans in conflict with technology; nostalgia.
A theme may be shown by the actions, words said, or thoughts of a character in a novel. An example of this would be the theme loneliness in John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men. Many of the characters are lonely. It may be different from the book's or author's view of the world. From the source we found we can see that the themes can be at a variety of state as the worldwide web

References

Other websites
http://terribleminds.com/ramble/2011/09/26/25-things-writers-should-know-about-theme/ - 25 THINGS WRITERS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THEME
https://acemyassignment.co.uk/blog/what-is-a-thematic-essay-and-how-to-write-thematic-essay/  - A GUIDE FOR THEMATIC ESSAY

Literary terms
Fiction
Figurative language is a difference in fields of language analysis. Literal language is about words that do not go away from their meaning.  Non-literal or figurative language refers to words, and groups of words, that change the normal meanings of the words. A literal usage is the "normal" meanings of the words. It has the same meaning regardless of the context. The intended meaning is the same as the real meaning of the individual words. Figurative use of language is the use of words or phrases in a manner where the literal meaning of the words is not true or does not make sense. It "implies a non-literal meaning which does make sense or that could be true".
References

Writing
Literary terms
The Jack Hills are a range of hills in Western Australia. They include the oldest material of terrestrial origin found on Earth. These are zircons which formed about 4.4 billion years ago (bya). The oldest zircon with the most consistent date is closer to 4.35 bya.

This zircon is part of a population of zircons in the metamorphosed conglomerate. They were deposited about 3.060 bya, which is the age of the youngest detrital zircon in the rock. 

The zircons are used in research on the conditions on Earth in the Hadean eon.

Comparisons 
We have samples of rock from the Moon which are older than these zircons. The "Genesis Rock", got from the Moon by astronauts in the Apollo 15 mission, has been dated at 4.46 billion years. This is one of the oldest known rocks on Earth, though it originated on the Moon. During Apollo 16, older rocks were brought back.
The Allan Hills 84001 meteorite was blasted off from Mars by meteorite impact about 4.5 bya, and crystallised 4.091 bya. It arrived on Earth about 13,000 years ago. These figures were got by a number of radiometric dating techniques.

References 

Hadean
Geography of Western Australia
The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America. It was created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War. Great Britain acquired French Canada by the Treaty of Paris (1763). After a long debate France negotiated to keep the small island of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean. Guadeloupe was rich in sugar. By Britain's Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec. The province extended from the coast of Labrador on the Atlantic Ocean, southwest through the Saint Lawrence River Valley to the Great Lakes and beyond to the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Portions of its southwest (below the Great Lakes) were later ceded to the United States in a later Treaty of Paris (1783) at the conclusion of the American Revolution.

References 

History of Quebec
Q
1760s establishments in North America
Military intelligence is information about an enemy or possible enemy. It is information that has first been interpreted and evaluated. It can include the terrain, the weather, and any other information about a theater of operations. Military intelligence gathering has a long history with military studies.

History 

By the time of the Battle of Kadesh in  BC Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II was known to have had court spies. In the biblical Book of Genesis Joseph thought his brothers were Canaanite spies.