Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Latin American poets 
The Colonial period

 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
 Luis de Góngora y Argote

19th century

 Rubén Darío
 José Martí
 Gabriela Mistral

20th century

 Jorge Luis Borges
 Roberto Bolaño
 Giannina Braschi
 Roberto Bolaño
 Carmen Boullosa
 Ernesto Cardenal
 Ana Castillo
 Julia de Burgos
 Nicolás Guillén
 Gabriela Mistral
 Pablo Neruda
 Nicanor Parra
 César Vallejo
 Octavio Paz
 Jorge Enrique González Pacheco

Related pages 
 Latin American Literature
 Latina poetry
 Puerto Rican literature
 American poetry

References 

Literature by location
Puss in Boots is a main character in the Shrek franchise, also being portrayed as the title character and protagonist of the movie Puss in Boots (2011). He made his first appearance in the movie Shrek 2 (2004), soon becoming Shrek's partner and helper (alongside Donkey). In the movie Shrek the Third (2007), Puss helps Shrek find the heir to the throne of the Far Far Away Kingdom. The movie Shrek Forever After (2010) is primarily set in an alternate universe, where Puss is Princess Fiona's pet and has gained weight after his retirement. In the spin-off and prequel Puss in Boots, his origins are described. Puss also appears in the Netflix television series centered on him, The Adventures of Puss in Boots (2015–2018).
Puss was inspired by the title character of the fairy tale "Puss in Boots". His design, created by Tom Hester, was based on real cats. Several characters were used as inspirations for Puss's characterization, such as Zorro and Indiana Jones. The idea of Puss as the protagonist of a film was explored after his debut appearance. Antonio Banderas voices Puss in the English, Spanish, and Italian dubs of the Shrek franchise. While he initially tried a high-pitched voice for the character, he and the Shrek 2 filmmakers decided on a tone that was deeper than his normal voice. Banderas said that voicing Puss was an important part of his career. Eric Bauza provides Puss's voice in The Adventures of Puss in Boots.

The character is well liked, with critics praising his depiction and considering him a source of comic relief. Reviewers have regarded Puss as a popular Shrek character. Banderas's voice acting has also been praised. Merchandise inspired by the character has been produced.

Development
Development

Concept and creation
Puss in Boots is inspired by the title character of the fairy tale with the same name.

Voice

Antonio Banderas voiced Puss in the Shrek franchise. Banderas said that his initial motivation to voice Puss was that he enjoyed the movie Shrek (2001). According to the actor, he was chosen for the role of Puss because of his Spanish accent.

Reception
Critical reception of Puss has been well liked, with reviewers praising him in the movies and describing him as "cute", "suave", "lovable", "charismatic", "feisty", "engaging", "legendary", "an instant charmer", "a natural-born star", "a notorious adventurer", the "suavest of swashbuckling cats", and "the world's greatest feline swordfighter". He was also regarded as "smooth-talking", "heroic", "honorable", self-confident, "passionate", loyal, with "humble" origins. Colliders Christina Radish described Puss as "charming and unforgettable", adding that he "was a cat destined for great things". Radish said that Puss getting his own movie was no surprise, commenting that the character has a "tremendous heart", and is a "much-loved fighter". Fantasy Magazines Andrew Penn Romine called Puss "equal parts rogue and hero", but Stephen Holden of The New York Times described the character as "this vain, spoiled, swashbuckler"
. According to Holden, Puss is not "as clear-cut a personality [in Puss in Boots] as he was" in the Shrek movies. IndieLondons Rob Carnevale called him a "cheeky feline swashbuckler" and Puss in Bootss "enigmatic central character". Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter described Puss as a "dashing little kitty centerstage", "ever-bold", and "a self-deprecating, sometimes bumbling but ultimately dashing swordsman". McCarthy enjoyed Puss's "vigorous physicality" in Puss in Boots. Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times called Puss "endearing", "dashing and fearless but also a tad reckless". Chrissy Iley of The Telegraph described him as "the world's most seductive animated cat". IGNs Andy Patrizio enjoyed Puss in Shrek 2, and Scott Collura of the same website said that Puss "remains dignified and cool" in Shrek Forever After despite his weight gain. The character has been regarded as a source of comic relief.
References

Fictional cats
Fictional characters introduced in 2004
Shrek characters
Bienville is a village in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Villages in Bienville Parish, Louisiana
Sub-Zero is a fictional character in the Mortal Kombat games for video game consoles. He has appeared as a guest fighter in Injustice 2 alongside Raiden, Hellboy and the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

Portrayals
He was portrayed in games by Steve Blum and Jim Lee.

Fictional characters introduced in 1992
Fictional characters with ice or cold abilities
Mortal Kombat characters
Injustice (franchise) guest characters
Video game characters in movies
Video game guest characters
Van Helsing: The London Assignment is a 2004 animated short movie that is a prequel to Van Helsing. It has Hugh Jackman and Robbie Coltrane returning from their roles of the 2004 feature-length movie.

Cast
Hugh Jackman as Gabriel Van Helsing
Tress MacNellie as Queen Victoria
Tara Strong as young Queen Victoria
Robbie Coltrane as Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde

2004 animated movies
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde movies
Movies set in London
Movies set in the 1880s
Prequel movies
Short movies
Universal Pictures movies
Van Helsing (Universal Pictures franchise)
Hellboy is a fictional superhero created by writer-artist Mike Mignola. The character first appeared in San Diego Comic-Con Comics #2 (August 1993), and has since appeared in various eponymous miniseries, one-shots and intercompany crossovers. The character has been adapted into three live-action feature movies. Two starring Ron Perlman in 2004 and 2008 in the title role, and one in 2019 which starred David Harbour, as well as two straight-to-DVD animated movies, and three video games – Asylum Seeker, The Science of Evil, and as a playable character in Injustice 2.
Hellboy works for the B.P.R.D., an international non-governmental agency, and for himself against dark forces including Nazis and witches, in a series of tales that have their roots in folklore, pulp magazines, vintage adventure, Lovecraftian horror and horror fiction. In earlier stories, he is identified as the "World's Greatest Paranormal Investigator".

In 2011, Hellboy was ranked 25th of the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes by IGN.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1993
Fictional demons and devils
Injustice (franchise) guest characters
Litoria humboldtorum is a frog from Indonesia.  It lives near the Foya Mountains.  Scientists saw it between 500 and 1050 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs of Asia
Tridevi refers to three supreme goddesses, wifes of tridev - Lakshmi (wife of Visnhu), Saraswati (wife of Brahma), Parvati/ Kali (wife of Shiva).

Saraswati is the goddess of learning and arts, cultural fulfillment. She is the cosmic intelligence, cosmic consciousness, and cosmic knowledge.

Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and fertility, material fulfillment. However, she does not signify mere material wealth like gold, cattle, etc. All kinds of prosperity, glory, magnificence, joy, exaltation, or greatness come under Lakshmi.

Parvati/ Mahakali the goddess of power and love, spiritual fulfillment. She also depicts the transformational power of divinity, the power that dissolves multiplicity in unity.

References 

Hinduism
Ethanol fermentation is a fermentation process that converts sugar into cellular energy, producing ethanol, and carbon dioxide. Because ethanol is an alcohol, it is also known as alcoholic fermentation. Yeast will do this without using oxygen, the process is anaerobic. It also happens in some kind of fish, where it produces energy, when there is little oxygen. 

Ethanol fermentation has many uses, including the production of alcoholic drinks (such as beer or wine), the production of ethanol fuel, and the cooking of bread.

Fermentation
Flames of Passion is a 1922 British drama movie directed by Graham Cutts and starring Mae Marsh, C. Aubrey Smith, Hilda Bayley, Herbert Langley, Allan Aynesworth, Eva Moore, George K. Arthur. It is a lost movie.

Other websites
 

1922 drama movies
British drama movies
British silent movies
Movies directed by Graham Cutts
\

In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined for the unit hyperbola rather than on the unit circle: just as the points  form a circle with a unit radius, the points  form the right half of the hyperbola.

Hyperbolic functions occur in the calculations of angles and distances in hyperbolic geometry. They also occur in the solutions of many linear differential equations, cubic equations, and Laplace's equation in Cartesian coordinates. Laplace's equations are important in many areas of physics.

The basic hyperbolic functions are:
 hyperbolic sine "sinh" (),
 hyperbolic cosine "cosh" (),
from which are derived:
 hyperbolic tangent "tanh" (),
 hyperbolic cosecant "csch" or "cosech" ()
 hyperbolic secant "sech" (),
 hyperbolic cotangent "coth" (), 
corresponding to the derived trigonometric functions.
The inverse hyperbolic functions are:
 area hyperbolic sine "arsinh" (also denoted "sinh−1", "asinh" or sometimes "arcsinh")
 area hyperbolic cosine "arcosh" (also denoted "cosh−1", "acosh" or sometimes "arccosh"
 and so on.

The hyperbolic functions take a real argument called a hyperbolic angle. The size of a hyperbolic angle is twice the area of its hyperbolic sector. The hyperbolic functions may be defined in terms of the legs of a right triangle covering this sector.

Hyperbolic functions were introduced in the 1760s independently by Vincenzo Riccati and Johann Heinrich Lambert.

Definitions

There are various equivalent ways to define the hyperbolic functions.

Exponential definitions 

In terms of the exponential function:

 Hyperbolic sine: the odd part of the exponential function, that is

 Hyperbolic cosine: the even part of the exponential function, that is

 Hyperbolic tangent:

 Hyperbolic cotangent: for ,

 Hyperbolic secant:

 Hyperbolic cosecant:  for ,
Useful relations
The hyperbolic functions satisfy many identities, all of them similar in form to the trigonometric identities. 

Odd and even functions:

Hence:

Thus,  and  are even functions; the others are odd functions.

Hyperbolic sine and cosine satisfy: 

the last of which is similar to the Pythagorean trigonometric identity.

One also has

for the other functions.

Comparison with circular functions

The hyperbolic functions represent an expansion of trigonometry beyond the functions defined on unit circle. Both types depend on one argument, either circular angle or hyperbolic angle.

Since the area of a circular sector with radius r and angle u (in radians) is r2u/2, it will be equal to u when r = . In the diagram, such a circle is tangent to the hyperbola xy = 1 at (1,1). The yellow sector depicts an area and angle magnitude. Similarly, the yellow and red sectors together depict an area and hyperbolic angle magnitude.
The legs of the two right triangles with hypotenuse on the ray defining the angles are of length  times the circular and hyperbolic functions.

Relationship to the exponential function

The decomposition of the exponential function in its even and odd parts gives the identities

and

The first one is analogous to Euler's formula

Additionally,

Related pages
 e (mathematical constant)
 Trigonometric functions

References

Other websites

Hyperbolic functions on PlanetMath
GonioLab: Visualization of the unit circle, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions (Java Web Start)
Web-based calculator of hyperbolic functions

Functions and mappings
Trigonometry
The RGB color model is an additive color model. In this model red, green and blue colors are added together to form a new color.

An RGB color can be made by shining three colored lights of red, green, and blue onto a white wall in a dark room. Each light has a dimmer (to regulate its intensity.)

If only the red light is on, the wall will be red. If only the green light is on, the wall will look green. If the red and green lights are on together, the wall will look yellow. Dim the red light and the wall will become more of a yellow-green.

Each setting of the three dimmers will produce a different result, either in color or in brightness or both. The set of all possible results is the gamut. Swap the red lamp for one of a different brand that is slightly more orange, and there will be a slightly different gamut, since the set of all colors that can be produced with the three lights will be changed.

Details

The name of the model comes from the initials of the three primary colors, red, green, and blue.
The purpose of the RGB color model is for capturing, storing, and displaying images in digital electronic devices, such as photo cameras, television sets, video cameras and computers. Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.

The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad set of colors.  The three light beams are added together, and their light spectra add to make the final color's spectrum.  Zero intensity for each component gives the darkest color (no light, considered the black), and full intensity of each gives a white. 
This is in stark contrast to physical paints, such as oil paint, which create black when mixed.

The additive color model is opposite to the subtractive color model, particularly the CMY color model.

History
History

The RGB color model is based on the Young–Helmholtz theory of trichromatic color vision, developed by Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the early to mid-nineteenth century, and on James Clerk Maxwell's color triangle that elaborated that theory (circa 1860).

The first experiments with RGB in early color photography were made in 1861 by Maxwell himself, and involved the process of combining three color-filtered separate picture takes. To reproduce the color photograph, three matching projections over a screen in a dark room were necessary.

The modern RGB technology for color CRT displays was patented by Werner Flechsig in Germany in 1938.

Numeric values
Numeric values

A color in the RGB color model is recorded by indicating how much of each of the red, green, and blue is included. The color is expressed as an RGB triplet (r,g,b), each component of which can vary from zero to a defined maximum value. If all the components are at zero the result is black; if all are at maximum, the result is the brightest representable white.

These ranges may be quantified in several different ways:
From 0 to 1, with any fractional value in between.  This representation is used in theoretical analyses, and in systems that use floating point representations.
 Each color component value can also be written as a percentage, from 0% to 100%.
 In computers, the component values are often stored as integer numbers in the range 0 to 255, the range that a single 8-bit byte can offer. These are often represented as either decimal or hexadecimal numbers.
 Sophisticated digital image equipment are often able to deal with larger integer ranges for each primary color, such as 0..1023 (10 bits), 0..65535 (16 bits) or even larger, by extending the 24-bits (three 8-bit values) to 32-bit, 48-bit, or 64-bit units.

For example, brightest saturated red is written in the different RGB notations as:
{| class="wikitable"
! Notation
! RGB triplet
|-
| Arithmetic
| (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
|-
| Percentage
| (100%, 0%, 0%)
|-
| Digital 8-bit per channel
| (255, 0, 0) or sometimes #FF0000 (hexadecimal)
|-
| Digital 12-bit per channel
| (4095, 0, 0)
|-
| Digital 16-bit per channel
| (65535, 0, 0)
|}

Related pages
 CMY color model
 CMYK color model
 Color theory
 Complementary colour

References

Other websites

RGB mixer
RGB to HEX conversion 
Demonstrative color conversion applet

Color model
Photography
The Meenachil river (Malayalam: മീനച്ചിലാർ) is a river in the Indian state of Kerala. It is  long and flows into Vembanad Lake at Kumarakom. The river was mentioned in  Arundhati Roy's Booker Prize-winning novel, The God of Small Things.

Rivers of India
Kerala
Lotay Tshering (; born 10 May 1969) is a Bhutanese politician. He is the current Prime Minister of Bhutan since 7 November 2018.

Early life and education 
He received his early education from Punakha High School and graduated from Sherubtse College. He graduated from Mymensingh Medical College under the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh and received a degree of MBBS in 2001. He completed his post-graduation in surgery from the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In 2007, he studied Urology at the Medical College of Wisconsin, the USA, under his World Health Organization fellowship. Upon his return to Bhutan, he was the only practicing trained urologist in his country. In 2010, he obtained a fellowship in Endourology at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, and Okayama University, Japan. He received a Master of Business Administration degree from University of Canberra, Australia in 2014.
Personal life 
Tshering, a Nepali-speaking Lhotshampa, is married to a doctor, Ugyen Dema. The couple has one daughter. During his tenure in Mongar Regional Referral Hospital, he adopted one girl and one boy.

Professional career 
Tshering served as a consultant surgeon in JDWNRH and Mongar Regional Referral Hospital, and was also served as a consultant urologist in JDWNRH for 11 years.

After the payment of about Nu. 6.2 million to the Royal Civil Service Commission, he resigned from the JDWNRH as a urologist to join politics in 2013.

Political career 
On 14 May 2018, Tshering received 1,155 votes and was elected as the president of the Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa (DNT) just five months before the Third National Assembly Election.
He was elected to the National Assembly of Bhutan as a candidate of DNT from South Thimphu constituency in 2018 Bhutanese National Assembly election. He received 3,662 votes, defeating Kinley Tshering, a candidate of DPT. His party won largest number of seats in the 2018 National Assembly Election, bringing Tshering to premiership and Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa into government for the first time.

Prime Minister 
Narendra Modi with the Lotay Tshering, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on December 28, 2018
On 7 November 2018, he replaced Tshering Tobgay and was sworn in as 3rd democratically elected Prime Minister of Bhutan.

On 27 December 2018, he arrived in India (three-day visit) on his first foreign trip after assuming the office.

Cabinet 
Main article: Council of Ministers (Bhutan) § Current cabinet

Tshering announced his 10 cabinet ministers on 3 November 2018.

Awards
Awards 

 1991: He was awarded the Father William Mackey Gold Medal for academic excellence in Sherubtse.
 2005: He was awarded the Unsung Hero of Compassion Award by 14th Dalai Lama.
 2017: He was awarded the Order of the Beloved of the Thunder Dragon Medal (Druk Thuksey) by King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck for his "selfless and dedicated service to the Tsawa-Sum (our King, our country and our people)."
 2018: Royal Orange Scarf by King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.

References 

1969 births
Prime Ministers of Bhutan
Current national leaders
Living people
Luis Alberto "Lucho" Arce Catacora (born 28 September 1963) is a Bolivian politician. In November 2020, he became the President of Bolivia.

He served as the Minister of Economy and Public Finance (2006–2017, 2019) under president Evo Morales.

In January 2020, he was elected candidate for the presidency of Bolivia for the October 2020 national elections by the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) party, along with former chancellor David Choquehuanca as a candidate for vice presidency. The elections happened on October 18, 2020 and according the country's election commission, Arce was elected president with an absolute majority of 55.1%.
Minister of Economy
On January 23, 2006, Arce was chosen by President Evo Morales to be Minister of Finance. Three years later, in 2009, he took charge of the new Ministry of Economy and Public Finance. Arce watch over the nationalization of hydrocarbon, telecommunications and mining companies in Bolivia. During his ministry, Bolivian GDP increased by 344% and extreme poorness dropped from 38% to 15%.

Presidency 
The first thing Arce did when he swore into the presidency is revert the recognition of the Venezuelan president to Maduro.

Related pages
List of scientists from South America

References

1963 births
Living people
Presidents of Bolivia
Current national leaders
Socialist politicians
The Druk Gyalpo (; lit. Dragon King) is the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

Bhutan
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum   (; ; born 15 July 1949) is a politician. He was the acting President of the United Arab Emirates, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and ruler of the Emirate of Dubai.

He is responsible for the growth of Dubai into a global city, as well as the launch of a number of major enterprises including Emirates Airline, DP World, and the Jumeirah Group. Many of these are held by Dubai Holding, a company with multi-diversified businesses and investments. Sheikh Mohammed has overseen the development of numerous projects in Dubai including the creation of a technology park and a free economic zone, Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City, the Dubai International Finance Centre, the Palm Islands and the Burj Al Arab hotel. He also drove the construction of Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.

References
References 

1949 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates
Vice presidents
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Presidents of the United Arab Emirates
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum (ca. 1941 – 4 January 2006) (; ), also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the emir (ruler) of Dubai.

Notes

References

Other websites

1941 births
2006 deaths
Vice presidents
Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates
Presidents of the United Arab Emirates
Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die! ()  is a novel by Russian writer Sergei Aman, published in 2018.

Plot
The hero of the novel is the philosopher Alexei Krutorogov. He is unemployed and forced to get money for a living, working as a taxi driver. They are called bombers (bombila) in Russia. In the novel he talks about time, about the insignificance of everyday vanity and about absurdity as the basis of Russian life.

Literary features 
Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die! is a novel with a non-linear storyline. The novel covers the time period from the nineties of the last century to the tenth years of the present century. The novel is based on reliable facts. The style of the novel is postmodernism. The epigraph to the novel is a phrase from the book "The World According to Novikoff” by the Moscow writer Andrei Gusev. Sergei Aman's novel and Andrei Gusev's book combines a world-view approach.

References
References

Notes
Аман С. Всё будет хорошо, мы все умрём! (“Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!”), эротическо-героический эпос. — М.: ИД «Флюид ФриФлай», 2018. — 176 pp. ISBN 978-5-906827-70-8

2018 books
Russian novels
Wojciech Zygmunt Pszoniak (2 May 1942 – 19 October 2020) was a Polish screen and stage actor. He was born in what is now the city of Lviv. His movie credits include The Devil (1972), The Promised Land (1975), The Tin Drum (1979) and Austeria (1983).

Pszoniak died in Warsaw on 19 October 2020 from cancer. He was 78.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Poland
Polish movie actors
Polish stage actors
Actors from Lviv
Gianni Dei (21 December 1940 – 19 October 2020) was an Italian actor and singer. He was born in Bologna. His movie credits include A Girl... and a Million (1962), The Seventh Grave (1965), Sheriff Won't Shoot (1965), La donnaccia (1965), Pronto... c'è una certa Giuliana per te (1967), Madame Bovary (1969), A White Dress for Marialé (1972), The Last Round (1972), The Killers Are Our Guests (1974), Batton Story (1976), Giallo a Venezia (1979) and Patrick Still Lives (1980).

Dei died in Rome on 19 October 2020. He was 79.

References

Other websites

1940 births
2020 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian singers
People from Bologna
Litoria christianbergmanni is a frog from Indonesia.  It lives on the Fakfak Mountains.  Scientists saw it 860 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 26.9–31.2 mm long from nose to rear end.  There is more webbed skin on the back feet than on the front feet.  This frog is green in color with small yellow-white spots on its back and back legs.  The backs of the legs are brown in color.

Scientists named this frog after a German amphibian scientist, Prof. Dr. Christian Bergmann.

References

Frogs of Asia
Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a 2019 animated crossover  superhero movie, directed by Jake Castorena, written by Marly Halpern-Graser, and produced by Warner Bros. Animation, DC Entertainment, and Nickelodeon. The movie is an adaptation of the six-issue inter-company crossover comic book miniseries Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles by James Tynion IV and Freddie Williams II. The story focuses on Batman, Robin and Batgirl teaming up with the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, in order to save Gotham City from chaos at the hands of both Shredder and Ra's al Ghul with their sect: the Foot Clan and the League of Assassins. The movie itself features the voices of Troy Baker, Darren Criss, Eric Bauza, Cas Anvar and Andrew Kishino.

The movie is the first collaboration between Warner Bros. and Nickelodeon, and was devised for the direct-to-video market. It was released on both Blu-ray and Digital HD on June 4, 2019. It was well-liked, and grossed over $3.8 million from sales.
Voice cast
 Troy Baker as Batman and Joker
 Eric Bauza as Leonardo
 Darren Criss as Raphael
 Baron Vaughn as Donatello
 Kyle Mooney as Michelangelo
 Ben Giroux as Damian Wayne / Robin
 Rachel Bloom as Barbara Gordon / Batgirl
 Brian George as Alfred Pennyworth
 Jim Meskimen as Commissioner Gordon and Dr. Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow
 Andrew Kishino as Oroku Saki / Shredder
 Cas Anvar as Ra's al Ghul
 Keith Ferguson as Dr. Baxter Stockman and Harvey Dent / Two-Face
 Tom Kenny as Oswald Cobblepot / Penguin
 Tara Strong as Dr. Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn, Dr. Pamela Isley / Poison Ivy and Pizza Delivery Girl
 John DiMaggio as Dr. Victor Fries / Mr. Freeze
 Carlos Alazraqui as Bane

Production

Development
Warner Bros. Animation was considering adaptations of Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Wonder Woman as possible direct-to-video movies. The animated adaptation of the miniseries was officially announced in February 2019 to be in production and was released later in the spring.
The initial announcement revealed Troy Baker would reprise his roles as both Batman from Batman: The Telltale Series video game and various Lego video games and movies, and the Joker from Batman: Arkham Origins, Batman: Assault on Arkham, and the Batman Unlimited series, making Baker the first actor to portray both characters in the same property. The movie also features Darren Criss and Eric Bauza reprising their roles as Raphael and Leonardo, while Kyle Mooney and Baron Vaughn voice Michelangelo and Donatello, respectively. Rachel Bloom voices Batgirl and Cas Anvar voices Ra's al Ghul. In addition, Tom Kenny, John DiMaggio, Carlos Alazraqui and Tara Strong reprise their roles as the Penguin, Mr. Freeze, Bane, Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy from various DC properties
. Other key cast members of the movie were revealed a month later, which consists of Ben Giroux as Robin, Andrew Kishino as the Shredder, Keith Ferguson as both Baxter Stockman and Two-Face, Brian George reprising his role as Alfred Pennyworth from Batman: The Killing Joke, and Jim Meskimen as both Commissioner James Gordon and the Scarecrow.
Release
The first trailer was released on March 12, 2019. The movie had its world premiere at WonderCon Anaheim 2019 on March 31. The movie was later released to Digital on May 14 on 4K Ultra HD Combo Pack and Blu-ray Combo Pack on June 4, 2019.

Critical reception
Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles was well-liked. Based on 13 reviews collected on Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has an approval rating of 100% with an average rating of a 7.47/10.

The movie earned $3,898,811 from domestic home video sales.

References

Other websites
DC page

Animated Batman movies
Animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movies
English-language movies
Superhero crossover movies
2019 movies
A color model is a mathematical model describing the way to represent colors as numbers, usually as three or four values. These values are called color components or color channels. When such model is linked to a description of how to interpret the components (viewing conditions, etc.), the resulting set of colors is called "color space."

Additive and subtractive color models

The color models can be classified as additive and subtractive.

In additive color models, such as RGB, white is the combination of all primary-colored lights, and black is the absence of any light. Other colors are a mix of different strength of primary colors.

Subtractive color models subtract or mask colors from white background of the paper. That is the ink reduces the reflected white light.  White light minus red leaves cyan, white light minus green leaves magenta, and white light minus blue leaves yellow. Such color models are usually used in printing. An example of such a model is CMYK color model.
Additive and subtractive color models are opposite.

RGB color model 

Media that emit light (such as television) use color mixing with primary colors of red, green, and blue, each of which stimulates one of the three types of the eye's color receptors. This is called "RGB" color model. Mixtures of light of these primary colors cover a large part of the human color space.

RYB color model 

RYB (an abbreviation of red–yellow–blue) is an additive color model that uses red, yellow, and blue pigments as primary colors in art and applied design. The RYB color model underpinned the color curriculum of the Bauhaus.

CMY and CMYK color models 

It is possible to achieve a large range of colors seen by humans by putting cyan, magenta, and yellow transparent dyes/inks on a white background. These are the subtractive primary colors. Often a fourth ink, black, is added to improve reproduction of some dark colors. This is called the "CMY" or "CMYK" color model.
The cyan ink absorbs red light but transmits green and blue, the magenta ink absorbs green light but transmits red and blue, and the yellow ink absorbs blue light but transmits red and green. The white substrate reflects the transmitted light back to the viewer.

Cylindrical-coordinate color models

A number of color models exist in which colors are fit into conic, cylindrical or spherical shapes, with neutral (gray) colors running from black to white along a central axis, and hues (tints) corresponding to angles around the perimeter. Models of this type date back to the 18th century, and continue to be developed in the most modern models.

Different color theorists have each designed unique color 3D shapes.  Many are in the shape of a sphere.  The color spheres invented by Phillip Otto Runge and Johannes Itten are typical examples and prototypes for many other color solid schematics.

HSL and HSV
HSL and HSV

HSL and HSV are both cylindrical, with hue, their angular dimension, starting at the red primary color at 0°, passing through the green primary at 120° and the blue primary at 240°, and then going back to red at 360°. In each, the central vertical axis comprises the neutral, achromatic, or gray colors, ranging from black at lightness 0 or value 0, the bottom, to white at lightness 1 or value 1, the top.

In an attempt to create an intuitive color mixing model, computer graphics pioneers at PARC and NYIT developed the HSV model in the mid-1970s, formally described by Alvy Ray Smith in the August 1978 issue of Computer Graphics. In the same issue, Joblove and Greenberg described the HSL model—whose dimensions they labeled hue, relative chroma, and intensity—and compared it to HSV.
These models were useful not only because they were more intuitive than raw RGB values, but also because the conversions to and from RGB were extremely fast to compute: they could run in real time on the hardware of the 1970s. Consequently, these models and similar ones have become ubiquitous throughout image editing and graphics software since then.

Munsell color system

Another influential older cylindrical color model is the early-20th-century Munsell color model. Albert Munsell began with a spherical model in his 1905 book A Color Notation, but he wished to separate color-making attributes into separate dimensions, which he called hue, value, and chroma. After taking careful measurements of human perception, he realized that no symmetrical shape would fit. So he reorganized his system into a blob.
Munsell's system became extremely popular, the de facto reference for American color standards—used not only for specifying the color of paints and crayons, but also electrical wire, beer, and soil color—because it was organized based on human perception measurements. It specified colors via an easily learned and systematic triple of numbers. The color chips sold in the Munsell Book of Color covered a wide gamut and remained stable over time (rather than fading). The trouble with the Munsell system for computer graphics applications is that its colors are not specified via any set of simple equations, but only via its measurements: effectively a lookup table.

Natural Color System
The Swedish Natural Color System (NCS), widely used in Europe, takes a similar approach to the Ostwald bi-cone. Because it attempts to fit color into a familiar shape based on "phenomenological" instead of photometric or psychological characteristics, it suffers from some of the same drawbacks as HSL and HSV: in particular, its lightness dimension differs from perceived lightness, because it forces colorful yellow, red, green, and blue into a plane.

Related pages 
 Color theory
 Color wheel
 Color vision

Notes

References
Bibliography
  This book doesn't discuss HSL or HSV specifically, but is one of the most readable and precise resources about current color science.
  Joblove and Greenberg's paper was the first describing the HSL model, which it compares to HSV.
  This book only briefly mentions HSL and HSV, but is a good description of color systems through history.
  This paper explains how both HSL and HSV, as well as similar models, can be seen as specific variants of a general "GLHS" model.
 . Especially the sections about "Modern Color Models" and "Modern Color Theory". MacEvoy's extensive site about color science and paint mixing is one of the best resources on the web. On this page, he explains the color-making attributes, and the general goals and history of color order systems—including HSL and HSV—and their practical use for painters.
This is the original paper describing the "hexcone" model, HSV. Smith was a researcher at NYIT’s Computer Graphics Lab. He describes HSV's use in an early digital painting program.
Other websites 
 Illustrations and summaries of RGB, CMYK,  LAB, HSV, HSL, and NCS
 A color conversion applet
 HSV Colors by Hector Zenil, The Wolfram Demonstrations Project.
 HSV to RGB by CodeBeautify.
Reciprocity is the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another.

Cultural anthropology
Economic systems
Scooby-Doo is a 2002 American comedy mystery movie based on the Scooby-Doo franchise.

It was directed by Raja Gosnell and starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard, Linda Cardellini and Rowan Atkinson. It got bad reviews but was a box office hit and started a 2004 sequel.

Plot
At a toy factory, Mystery Inc. has unmasked the Luna Ghost. The group except for Shaggy and Scooby quit. Two years later, they all got a letter from Emile Mondavarious to visit Spooky Island and solve a mystery there.

Cast
Freddie Prinze, Jr. as Fred
Sarah Gellar as Daphne
Matthew Lillard as Shaggy
Linda Cardellini as Velma
Rowan Atkinson as Emile Mondavarious
Isla Fisher as Mary Jane
Pamela Anderson as herself
Nick Hope as Old Man Smithers and Luna Ghost
Sugar Ray as themselves

Voice cast
Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo
Scott Innes as Scrappy-Doo
J.P. Manoux as Scrappy-Rex
Frank Welker/Jess Harnell as monsters
Reception
Many fans didn't like how adult-oriented the humor is but they did like Matthew Lillard's performance of Shaggy, which is why Casey Kasem picked Lillard as his successor for the cartoons.

References

2002 movies
2002 comedy movies
2000s mystery movies
2000s ghost movies
American mystery movies
American comedy movies
American ghost movies
Body swapping in fiction
Movies composed by David Newman
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
Movies produced by Charles Roven
Movies with screenplays by James Gunn
Movies set on islands
Movies shot in Brisbane
Warner Bros. movies
Scooby-Doo movies
Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed is a 2004 American comedy mystery movie based on the Scooby-Doo franchise and a sequel to the 2002 movie.

It was directed by Raja Gosnell and starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard and Linda Cardellini. It got both bad reviews and didn't make enough money. A planned third film (which was set to be released in 2006) was cancelled because of that.

Plot
Mystery Inc. attended the grand opening of the Coolsonian Criminology Museum, home of all the costumes unmasked by the group.

Cast
Freddie Prinze, Jr. as Fred
Sarah Gellar as Daphne
Matthew Lillard as Shaggy
Linda Cardellini as Velma
Seth Green as Patrick Wisely
Peter Boyle - Old Man Wickles
Tim Nelson - Dr. Jonathan Jacobo
Alicia Silverstone - Heather Jasper Howe
Voice cast
Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo
J.P. Manoux - Brainiac Scooby
Scott McNeil as Evil Masked Figure
Michael Sorich as Tar Monster and the Cotton Candy Glob
Wally Wingert as Green-Eyed Skeleton Man
Dee Bradley Baker as Red-Eyed Skeleton and 10,000 Volt Ghost
Terrence Stone as Pterodactyl Ghost

Cameos
Ruben Studdard
Tasmanian Devil (voiced by Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo)

References

2004 movies
2004 comedy movies
2000s mystery movies
2000s ghost movies
American mystery movies
American children's comedy movies
American ghost movies
Movies composed by David Newman
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
Movies featuring the Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes)
Movies produced by Charles Roven
Movies set in Ohio
Movies set in museums
Movies with screenplays by James Gunn
Warner Bros. movies
Scooby-Doo movies
David Dunn is a fictional character. He first appeared in a 2000 movie called Unbreakable.

Fictional biography
David Dunn was a football player who quit and became a security guard in Philadelphia.

Portrayals
David Dunn has been portrayed by Bruce Willis in all three of his appearances.

Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 2000
Superhero movie characters
Superheroes
Unbreakable (franchise)
Unbreakable is a 2000 American psychological superhero thriller mystery movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It stars Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson.

Cast
Bruce Willis as David Dunn
Samuel L. Jackson as Elijah Price / Mister Glass
Robin Wright as Audrey Dunn
Spencer Treat Clark as Joseph Dunn

References

Other websites

2000s superhero movies
American mystery movies
English-language movies
Movies composed by James Newton Howard
Movies directed by M. Night Shyamalan
Movies set in Philadelphia
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1970s
Screenplays by M. Night Shyamalan
Superhero drama movies
Unbreakable (franchise)
American superhero movies
Whitehawk is a suburb of Brighton in the city of Brighton and Hove on England's south coast. It consists of a large housing estate developed by the council in the 1930s. In the late 1960s, five high rise flats were built in the suburb's northern end, known as the Swanborough flats. Beginning in the late 1970s, a major redevelopment of the estate took place. The estate lies in a valley and is partly surrounded by Brighton's Race Course. Whitehawk is the name given to a Neolithic camp situated at the top of Whitehawk Hill. The camp was inhabited some 5500 years ago.

Brighton
Stanley Stanford Schumacher  (June 12, 1933 – October 10, 2020) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was born in Hanna, Alberta. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. Schumacher was a member of the Parliament of Canada between 1968 to 1979. He was also a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta between 1986 to 1997.

Schumacher died on October 10, 2020 in Drumheller, Alberta at the age of 87.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Canadian lawyers
Politicians from Alberta
Raimundo García (27 May 1936 – 13 October 2020) was an Argentine chess master. He was born in Buenos Aires. 

García won at Mar del Plata 1962 (Torneo Latino-americano), and was Argentine Champion in 1963.

In 1963 he won a match against Samuel Schweber (3 : 2) in Buenos Aires, tied for 7-9th at Fortaleza 1963 (zonal, Rossetto won), and took 10th at Buenos Aires 1964 (Paul Keres won).

Garcia died on 13 October 2020 in Buenos Aires, aged 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Chess players
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires
Oscar Roberto Panno (born 17 March 1935) is an Argentine chess Grandmaster. Panno was the first top world chess player born in South America. Panno won the 2nd World Junior Chess Championship in 1953. Panno was born in Buenos Aires.

Panno has several successes at the tournaments at Mar del Plata. He won the international tournaments in 1954 and 1969 (shared with Miguel Najdorf), and the open tournaments in 1986, 1988, and 1994.

Panno played eleven times for Argentina in Chess Olympiads (1954–58, 1962, 1966–70, 1976, 1986–88, 1992). The 1954 Olympiad team won the silver medal, while the 1958 and 1962 teams won the bronze medal.

References

1935 births
Living people
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Ab Krook (18 June 1944 – 13 October 2020) was a Dutch speed skating coach between 1977 and 2006. He was also a speed skater between 1967 and 1971. He competed at Dutch National Championships, but never reached the top. He was born in Oud-Loosdrecht, Netherlands.

He was coach during eight Winter Olympics and later served as a coordinator. Among others he coached Annie Borckink winning the Olympic gold medal and Ria Visser the silver medal at the 1980 Winter Olympics. He coached Bart Veldkamp winning gold at the 1992 Winter Olympics.

Krook had a cerebral infarction in 2018. He died from problems caused by a second infarction on 13 October 2020 in Blaricum, Netherlands, aged 76.

References

1944 births
2020 deaths
Skating coaches
Dutch speed skaters
Sportspeople from North Holland
Lieutenant General William Keir "Bill" Carr, CMM, DFC, OStJ, CD (March 19, 1923 – October 14, 2020) was a Canadian Air Force officer. He was called the father of the modern Canadian Air Force. He was born in Grand Bank, Dominion of Newfoundland. He became Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff in 1973 and the first Commander, Air Command in 1975 before retiring from active duty in 1978.

Carr died on October 14, 2020 at the age of 97.

References

1923 births
2020 deaths
Canadian military personnel of World War II
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
Lance Allen Carson (December 3, 1945 – October 14, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives representing District 20 from 2007 to 2015 and 2017 to 2019. Carson was born in Nunda, South Dakota.

Carson died of COVID-19 on October 14, 2020 in Pierre, South Dakota at age 74.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from South Dakota
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Vice Admiral Sir James George Jungius KBE DL (15 November 1923 – 14 October 2020) was a Royal Navy officer. He became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic in 1975. Jungius was promoted to rear admiral on 7 July 1972 and appointed Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Operational Requirements) the same year.

He died on 14 October 2020 at the age of 96.

References

1923 births
2020 deaths
British military people
Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert (born August 12, 1953) is a Bolivian politician and journalist. He was President of Bolivia from 2003 to 2005. He was vice president of Bolivia from August 2002 to October 2003. He unsuccessfully ran for president again in 2020.

References

1953 births
Living people
Presidents of Bolivia
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Jorge Fernando  Quiroga Ramírez (born May 5, 1960) nicknamed Tuto Quiroga is a Bolivian politician. He was President of Bolivia from August 7, 2001 to August 6, 2002. Quiroga was a candidate in the 2014 presidential election for the Christian Democratic Party.

He was appointed as vice president of the Club de Madrid in 2011.

References

1960 births
Living people
Presidents of Bolivia
Vice presidents of Bolivia
Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé (born March 2, 1956) is a Bolivian politician and lawyer. During the 2005 political crisis in Bolivia, he was President of Bolivia for a short time. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court between 2004 to 2005.

In 2010, Rodriguez has been charged with treason. He was charged with treason in 2006, which carries a 30-year prison term. He has since been cleared of all charges.

References

Presidents of Bolivia
1956 births
Living people
Danil Takhirovich Khalimov (6 July 1978 – 15 October 2020) was an amateur Kazakh Greco-Roman wrestler. He competed in the men's middleweight category.

Khalimov qualified for his naturalized Kazakh squad in the men's 74 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. 

He died on October 2020 at the age of 42 from COVID-19 in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

References

Other websites
Profile – International Wrestling Database 

1978 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Wrestlers
Kazakhstani Olympians
Mauricio Mata (12 April 1939 – 15 October 2020) was a Mexican cyclist. He competed in three events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

Mata died on 15 October 2020 in Aguascalientes, Mexico at the age of 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Mexican cyclists
Mexican Olympians
People from San Luis Potosí
Warren Eugene Mitchell Sr. (April 1, 1933 – October 15, 2020) was an American college basketball coach. He was the head coach for the William & Mary Tribe men's basketball team from 1966 to 1972. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia.

Mitchell died in Midlothian, Virginia on October 15, 2020 from COVID-19 and problems caused by dementia at the age of 87.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Deaths from dementia
College basketball coaches
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Virginia
SYRIZA (Greek: ΣΥΡΙΖΑ) is a left-wing party in Greece. The name stands for  Synaspismós Rizospastikís Aristerás - Proodeftikí Symmachía (which translates to  Coalition of the Radical Left - Progressive Alliance). It started in 2004 as an associaton of different parties. In 2014, it was made a party in its own right. In 2015, it won the most votes, more than its rival Nea Dimokratia. Alexis Tsipras is the head of the party. He was prime minister from 2015 to 2019. 

Political parties in Greece
Midlothian, Virginia () is an unincorporated area in Chesterfield County, Virginia.

References

Unincorporated communities in Virginia