Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
was a  after Jōgan and before Ninna.  This period spanned the years from April 877 through February 885.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Gangyō era

 20 January 877 (Gangyō 1, 3rd day of the 1st month): Yōzei was formally enthroned at age 8.

 877 (Gangyō 1, 2nd month): Ambassadors from Korea arrived in the Izumo province; but they were turned back.

 877 (Gangyō 1, 6th month): There was a great drought; and sacrifices were made at the temples of Hachiman, Kamo and other temples in Ise province.  Eventually, it rained.

 32 December 878 (Gangyō 2, 4th day of the 12th month): Former-Emperor Seiwa died at age 31.

 4 March 884 (Gangyō 8, 4th day of the 2nd month):  In the 8th year of Yōzei's reign, the emperor was deposed; and the succession (senso) was received by the third son of former Emperor Ninmyō.

 23 March, 884 (Gangyō 8, 23rd day of the 2nd month): Kōkō accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

Related pages
 Heian period

References
References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
9th-century establishments in Japan
9th-century disestablishments in Japan
877 establishments
885 disestablishments
The following is a list of movies in the United States National Film Registry.

References

United States-related lists
Brian Douglas Williams (born May 5, 1959) is the anchor of NBC Nightly News, the evening newscast of NBC. He used to anchor the NBC News broadcast The News with Brian Williams on NBC's sister networks CNBC and MSNBC. 

On February 10, 2015, Williams was suspended for six months without pay. That was done because he reported false stories regarding his trips to Iraq in 2003 and to New Orleans during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

References

American journalists
Living people
1959 births
American television news anchors
Writers from New Jersey
People from Ridgewood, New Jersey
White Zombie is a 1932 horror movie. It was directed and produced by brothers Victor and Edward Halperin. The movie's zombie theme was based on Kenneth Webb's Broadway play Zombie. Reviews were mixed. A sequel was made in 1936 called Revolt of the Zombies. White Zombie is the first zombie movie.  It was one of the few American horror movies to be approved by the Nazis.

Main cast
Béla Lugosi as Murder Legendre, a zombie master 
Madge Bellamy as Madeleine Short, Neil's fiancée 
John Harron as Neil Parker, a bank employee
Robert Frazer as Charles Beaumont, a plantation owner 
Joseph Cawthorn as Dr. Bruner, a missionary

Story 
Madeleine and Neil are going to be married at Beaumont's house in Haiti. Beaumont secretly loves Madeleine. He wants to find a way to get Madeleine to love him. He goes to a zombie master named Murder Legendre.
Murder tells Beaumont to give Madeleine a certain potion. He does. She becomes lifeless. All think her dead. She is placed in a cemetery vault. In the night, Murder and Beaumont carry her off to Murder's castle on the coast.

Murder has fallen in love with her, too. He gets rid of Beaumont by turning him into a zombie. Neil and his friend Dr. Bruner set off to save Madeleine. Murder falls from a cliff during a fight with Neil. His power over Madeleine is broken. She returns to life.

References 

1932 movies
1930s horror movies
American horror movies
English-language movies
Zombie movies
Movies set in North America
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Victor Halperin
American independent movies
The Nutty Professor may refer to 

The Nutty Professor (1963 movie), starring Jerry Lewis
The Nutty Professor (1996 movie), starring Eddie Murphy
Queen of Outer Space is a 1958 science fiction movie. The screenplay was written by Charles Beaumont and Edward Bernds (uncredited). It was based on an outline by Ben Hecht. The movie was directed by Edward Bernds. It was shot in CinemaScope.

Cast member Lisa Davis said that Gabor's costumes were custom-made while those for the rest of the cast were "retreads" from Forbidden Planet. Davis and co-star Patrick Waltz fell in love at first sight on the set. The two married in June 1958.

Cast 
 Eric Fleming as Captain Patterson, an astronaut
 Dave Willock as Lt. Mike Cruze, an astronaut 
 Patrick Waltz as Lt. Larry Turner, an astronaut 
 Paul Birch as Prof. Konrad, an astronaut
 Laurie Mitchell as Queen Yllana, the ruler of Venus
 Zsa Zsa Gabor as Talleah, a scientist and member of the Queen's court
 Lisa Davis as Motiya, a member of the Queen's court
 Barbara Darrow, Kaeel, Talleah's friend
Story 
Captain Patterson and his crew crash-land on Venus. They are captured by Venusians. The planet is ruled by cruel Queen Yllana. She wears a mask. She has banished men from the planet. The women long for the love of men again. The astronauts are helped by the beautiful Talleah and her friends.

They plot to overthrow the evil Queen. Patterson removes the Queen's mask. She is scarred by radiation burns caused by men and their wars. In a rage, the Queen tries to destroy Earth and its warlike peoples. She dies in the attempt. The Venusians are free to enjoy the love of men again.

References

American science fiction movies
1958 movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Edward Bernds
Screenplays by Ben Hecht
Mandingo is a 1975 movie based on the book Mandingo by Kyle Onstott and upon the play based thereon by Jack Kirkland. The movie was directed by Richard Fleischer. The movie tells the story of a plantation family and their slaves. The movie was a box office hit, but critical reviews were mixed.

Main cast
 Warren Maxwell, a plantation owner - James Mason
 Hammond Maxwell, his son - Perry King
 Blanche, Hammond's wife - Susan George
 Mede, Hammond's slave - Ken Norton
 Ellen, Hammond's slave - Brenda Sykes
Story
The movie is set on Falconhurst, a run-down plantation owned by widower Warren Maxwell and his son Hammond. Hammond's Mandingo slave Ganymede, or Mede is trained to fight other slaves. Hammond neglects his wife Blanche whom he rejects on their wedding night after discovering she was not a virgin. Hammond instead rapes his slave Ellen while Blanche forces Mede to lay with her. These various, conflicting infidelities all eventually come together causing the movie to end tragically with the deaths of most of the main characters.
Response
Upon its release in 1975, critical response was mixed although box office was strong. Roger Ebert despised the film and gave it a "zero star" rating. Richard Schickel of TIME found the film boring and cliché-ridden. Movie critic Robin Wood was enthusiastic about the movie, calling it “the greatest film about race ever made in Hollywood”. In Leonard Maltin's annual publication Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide the movie is ranked as a "BOMB" and dismissed with the word "Stinko!"

Some prominent critics hail the film, including the New York Times columnist Dave Kehr, who called it "a thinly veiled Holocaust film that spares none of its protagonists," further describing it as "Fleischer’s last great crime film, in which the role of the faceless killer is played by an entire social system." Director Quentin Tarantino has cited Mandingo as one of only two instances "in the last twenty years [that] a major studio made a full-on, gigantic, big-budget exploitation movie", comparing it to Showgirls.

References
References

Other websites
 
 Trailer at Trailers From Hell

American drama movies
1975 drama movies
1970s historical movies
English-language movies
Movies about slavery
Movies about racism
Movies based on books
Movies based on plays
Exploitation movies
Movies set in the 1840s
Movies set in New Orleans
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Richard Fleischer
Movies composed by Maurice Jarre
Marcus Jamal Hopson (born July 18, 1985 in Los Angeles, California), known professionally as Hopsin, is an American rapper, hip hop producer, actor and music video director.

Hopsin was signed to Ruthless Records in 2007. He left later due to lack of support and financial compensation. Hopsin was angry at the owner Tomica Wright and claimed that she didn't know what she was doing. He stated that his first studio album Gazing at the Moonlight was released without his consent and that he wasn't even able to listen to the mastered version before it was released. He left the label when Tomica said "He doesn't do his job as an artist". In 2009, Hopsin founded an independent label called Funk Volume with business partner Dame Ritter. He also acted as a minor character in an episode of That's So Raven, made a guest appearance in the movie Fame and starred in the independent movie Bomb the World.

Discography

Studio albums 
Hopsin has released 6 studio albums:

Filmography

Films

Television

References
References

Other websites
 Funk Volume
 Hopsin's Official Facebook page
 Hopsin's Official Twitter

1985 births
Living people
Rappers from California
Singers from Los Angeles
A learner's permit can also be called a driver's permit, learner's license, or provisional license.  It is given to those who are learning to drive a car but do not meet the requirements for a driver's license.  Many countries require drivers to have a learner's permit for some time before they can be given a driver's license.

Getting a learner's permit usually means a person has to take a written test about the rules of the road, such as traffic signs and road safety.  There is also a minimum age.  Depending on the area, the minimum age can range from 14 to 19 years.
For example, in Victoria, Australia, a person must be 16 years old and pass a written road rules test to get a Learner's permit. The written test consists of 32 questions on road rules; and 25 must be answered correctly. The person must also pass an eyesight test. There are restrictions on what a person with a Victorian learner's permit can do. They must have a sign with the letter "L" (called an L plate) on both the front and back of the car. They must have a fully licenced driver with them at all times. They are not allowed to drive if they have drunk any alcohol. They are not allowed to tow anything behind the car. They must have the learner's permit for 12 months, and completed 120 hours before they allowed to be tested for a full licence.

References

Road transport law
Ursula M. Burns (born 20 September 1958) is an American businesswoman. She was the CEO of Xerox from 2009 to 2017. Burns was the first African American woman to be CEO of the company. She was listed as the 14th most powerful woman in the world in 2009  by Forbes .  Burns is from Manhattan, New York.

References

1958 births
American chief executives
Living people
Businesspeople from New York City
Cedar Rapids is a 2011 comedy movie. It is about an insurance agent from Wisconsin who travels to Cedar Rapids, Iowa for reasons of promotion. In this movie are Anne Heche and Sigourney Weaver. The movie received positive reviews by the critics.

Plot
Naive insurance agent Tim Lippe welcomes his former teacher into his home. He has sex with her. He goes over his experience as a student.

In his position as an insurance agent, he is sent to represent his company, the Brownstar Insurance in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He does this as a replacement for his co-worker, Roger Lemke. Lemke died in an auto-erotic asphyxiation accident. Tim idolized Roger. He believes Roger's death was just an unfortunate accident.
Tim's boss, Bill, pressures him to win again to make sure they keep the company on top. At the conference, Lippe meets fellow insurance agents Ronald Wilkes, Dean Ziegler and Joan Ostrowski-Fox. He also meets Bree, a sex worker who works the parking lot near a hotel. She calls him "Butterscotch" when he offers her candy. 

Tim is paired with Joan. When they win, they become drunk with Dean in the hotel's swimming pool. Tim and Joan's sexual tension builds to a head. They make out in the pool. They have sex in Joan's hotel room.

Tim runs into Dean. He lets slip about Lemke's bribery. As his friend, Dean agrees to not tell anyone. Tim later comes across Bree. he takes her to a party, then starts a fight. Ron, Dean and Joan come just in time to rescue him and Bree. Bree says she's in love with Tim.
Cast
 Ed Helms as Tim Lippe
 John C. Reilly as Dean Ziegler
 Anne Heche as Joan Ostrowski-Fox
 Isiah Whitlock Jr. as Ronald Wilkes
 Stephen Root as Bill Krogstad
 Kurtwood Smith as Orin Helgesson
 Alia Shawkat as Bree
 Rob Corddry as Gary
 Mike O'Malley as Mike Pyle
 Sigourney Weaver as Macy Vanderhei
 Thomas Lennon as Roger Lemke
 Inga R. Wilson as Gwen Lemke
 Welker White as Diane Krogstad
 Steve Blackwood as Lindy
 Lise Lacasse as Lila
 Mike Birbiglia as Trent

Production
The movie was shot in and around Ann Arbor, Michigan rather than Cedar Rapids, Iowa itself because of the failure of an Iowa movie production tax credit.

Reception
Cedar Rapids has an 86% rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 160 critics.

References

2011 movies
2010s comedy movies
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
English-language movies
Movies directed by Miguel Arteta
Jind State was a Sidhu Jat princely state in Punjab. It was founded in 1763 by Gajpat Singh of Jind (1738-1789).

Rulers of Jind State (1763-1947)
Raja Gajpat Singh (r.1763-1789) 
Raja Bhag Singh (r.1789-1819)
Prince Pratap Singh Revolts and Takes power (r.1814-1816)
Raja Fateh Singh (r.1819-1822)
Raja Sangat Singh (r.1822-1834)
A vacancy of three years (1834-1837)
Raja Sarup Singh (r.1837-1864)
Raja Raghbir Singh (r.1864-1887)
Raja Ranbir Singh (r.1887-1948)
Raja Rajbir Singh (r.1948-1959)
Jind Royal Family signed the Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India. (1947-1948).

Religion in Jind State
Hinduism and Islam were the main religions of the State. The Sikhs dominated the northern areas of Jind State.

Indian princely states
1763 establishments
1948 disestablishments in India
18th-century establishments in India
The s-block is one of four blocks of elements in the periodic table. The element of s- group have a common property. The electron in their most outward electron shell are in the s-orbital. Elements in the s- are in the first two periodic table groups. The elements in group one are called the alkali metals. The elements in group two are called the alkaline earth metals.

The modern periodic law says that "The properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic number." This means that some properties of elements are repeated as the atomic number of the elements gets larger. These repeating properties have been used to separate the elements into four s. These s are s-, p-, d-, and f-.
Properties of s- elements 
All of the s- elements are metals (except Hydrogen). In general, they are shiny, silvery, good conductors of heat and electricity. They lose their valence electrons easily. In fact, they lose their trademark s orbital valence electrons so easily that the s- elements are some of the most reactive elements on the periodic table.

The elements in group 1, known collectively as the alkali metals (except hydrogen), always lose their one valence electron to make a +1 ion. These metals are characterized by being silvery, very soft, not very dense and having low melting points. These metals react extremely vigorously with water and even oxygen to produce energy and flammable hydrogen gas. They are kept in mineral oil to reduce the chance of an unwanted reaction or worse, an explosion.
The elements in group 2, known as the alkaline earth metals (except helium), always lose their two valence electrons to make a +2 ion. Like the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals are silvery, shiny and relatively soft. Some of the elements in this column also react vigorously with water and must be stored carefully.

S- elements are famous for being ingredients in fireworks. The ionic forms of potassium, strontium and barium make appearances in firework displays as the brilliant purples, reds and greens.

Francium is considered to be the most rare naturally occurring element on earth. It is estimated that there is only ever one natural atom of Francium present on earth at a time. Francium has a very unstable nucleus and undergoes nuclear decay rapidly.    

Chemical properties of alkali metals 

1.Alkali metals react with dry hydrogen to form hydrides. 

a.These hydrides are ionic in nature 

b.These hydrides of alkali metals react with water to form corresponding hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
LiH+ H2O->LiOH+H2 

c.These hydrides are strong reducing agents and their reducing nature increases down the group. 

d.Alkali metals also form complex hydrides such as LiAlH4 which is a good reducing agent.Alkali metal hydrides do not exist in water and this reaction with any other agent is carried out in protic solvent. 

e.Fused alkali metal hydrides on electrolysis produce H2 gas at anode. 

2.Formation of oxides and hydroxides. 

a.These are most reactive metals and have strong affinity towards O2 ,they form oxides on surface.They are kept under kerosene or paraffin oil to protect them from air.  

b.When burnt in air (O2) ,li forms Li20 , Na forms Na 2O2 and other alkali metals form superoxides.

3. They are purely metallic , as they lose the electrons from the outermost shell readily , they are highly reactive metals and they have low ionization energy .

4. Beryllium is amphoteric in nature .

Diagonal relationship
The first element in group one, Lithium, and the first in group two, Beryllium, behave differently to other members of their groups. Their behaviour is like the second element of the next group. So lithium is similar to magnesium, and beryllium is similar to aluminum.

In the periodic table this is known as a 'diagonal relationship'. The diagonal relationship is because of similarities in ionic sizes and charge/radius ratio of the element. The similarity between lithium and magnesium is because of their similar sizes:
        Radii, Li=152pm  Mg=160pm
Lithium
Lithium has many different behaviours to other elements in group one. This difference caused by:
 the small size of the lithium atom and its ion.
 the higher polarization power of  (i.e. charge size ratio). This means increased covalent character of its compounds which is responsible for their solubility in organic solvents
 high ionisation enthalpy and high electronegative character of lithium as compared to other alkali metals
 non availability of d-orbitals in its valence shell
 strong intermetallic bonding
Some of the ways in which lithium behaves differently from other members of are:
 Lithium is harder than sodium and potassium which are so soft that they can be cut by a knife.
 The melting and boiling points of lithium are higher.
 Lithium forms monoxide with oxygen, other alkali form peroxide and superoxide.
 Lithium combines with nitrogen to form nitrides, while other alkali metals do not.
References

Related pages
Electron configuration

Chemical elements
White Zombie was an American heavy metal band.  White Zombie was originally a noise rock band, but they are better-known for their later heavy metal sound.

References

American heavy metal bands
The Vought F4U Corsair was a fighter aircraft that fought in World War II and the Korean War.  Vought could not keep up with demand for the aircraft, so Goodyear and Brewster made them. It was deployed in large numbers starting in 1944, and has longest production run of any piston-engined fighter in U.S. history (1942–1953).

The Corsair was used by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marines, Fleet Air Arm and the Royal New Zealand Air Force, as well as the French Navy Aéronavale and other, smaller, air forces.  Some Japanese pilots said it was the best American fighter of World War II, and the U.S. Navy reported an 11:1 kill ratio.  Besides serving as a fighter, it became the most capable carrier-based fighter-bomber of World War II.
The F4U Corsair was an elite late-war fighter aircraft. The F4U corsair was primarily used by the U.S. Navy in the mid 1940’s and farther, but there were variations to create a ground-suitable model. These aircraft came equipped with several browning machine guns and a big engine, and a handy tow-hook, to assist in carrier landings. A distinctive characteristic of the F4U Corsair are its Gull Wings, as it began angled downwards, and then upwards. This was used for easy storing on aircraft-carriers. Though, many early accidents occured in the developing and testing of this aircraft for carrier landings.

The Corsair also saw action in the Korean War and in the 1969 Soccer War.  The Grumman F6F Hellcat was easier to fly The Corsair had early problems landing on an aircraft carrier, so its first combat flights were from land bases.There were three different types of the Corsair.
F4U Corsair 1-A with 6 light caliber browning machine guns, three on one wing. 
 F4U Corsair 1-D again with 6 light caliber browning machine gun  
 F4U Corsair 1-C equipped with 4 heavy caliber cannons, 2 on one wing.

The Corsair had high agility.   With its '''Pratt and Whitney R-2800''' Double Wasp 18-cylinder engine producing over 2000 horsepower, the Corsair was the first US single engine fighter to fly faster than 400 miles per hour. 

During the war, the Corsair flew over 64,000 sorties, shot down over 2,000 enemy aircraft, and only lost 189 planes in action to the enemy.  The aircraft designer, Rex Beisel, developed a new inverted gull wing design.  This allowed the landing gear to be short and sturdy while still providing ground clearance for the propeller.

References

Vought F4U
Vought F4U
Vought F4U
Douglas Sirk (April 26, 1897 – January 14, 1987) was a movie director. He is best known for his lush romantic movies of the 1950s such as All That Heaven Allows. His movies were thought banal and unimportant by contemporary critics. Today however they are regarded as masterpieces and ironic commentaries on American life and society.

Sirk's life and work 
Sirk was born Hans Detlef Sierck in Hamburg, Germany. His parent were Danish. He grew up in Denmark, but moved to Germany as a teenager. His theater career began in 1922 and his movie career in 1934.  He left Germany in 1937. By 1942 he was directing movies in Hollywood. He is famous for lush romantic movies made between 1952 and 1958. At the height of his career, he quit making movies. He left the United States. Sirk died in Lugano, Switzerland about thirty years later. In 1985, he was awarded the Bavarian Film Award, Honorary Award.
A selection of Sirk's movies 
 Magnificent Obsession (1954) 
 All That Heaven Allows (1955) 
 Written on the Wind (1956)
 Imitation of Life (1959)
What the critics thought
Sirk's movies were very successful at the box office, but the critics did not like them. They thought his movies unimportant and banal because they were about women and exaggerated emotions. His conspicuous style was considered unrealistic. Critical opinion changed in the 1970s.  Analysis revealed Sirk's movies actually criticized American society beneath a banal surface plot. His movies are now regarded as masterpieces of irony. Sirk's reputation was also helped by a widespread nostalgia for old-fashioned Hollywood films. His movies have influenced other directors. Todd Haynes's Far From Heaven, for example, is a conscious attempt to replicate a typical Sirk movie. Roger Ebert has remarked that "To appreciate a film like Written on the Wind probably takes more sophistication than to understand one of Ingmar Bergman's masterpieces, because Bergman's themes are visible and underlined, while with Sirk the style conceals the message."

References
References 

German movie directors
1897 births
1987 deaths
German entertainers
Written on the Wind is a 1956 romantic drama movie. It stars Rock Hudson, Lauren Bacall, Robert Stack, and Dorothy Malone. Douglas Sirk directed. The movie is based on Robert Wilder's 1945 novel of the same name.  The book is a thinly disguised account of the real-life scandal involving torch singer Libby Holman and her husband, tobacco heir Zachary Smith Reynolds. Dorothy Malone won the Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for her performance.

Story 
Marylee is a self-destructive, alcoholic nymphomaniac. Her brother Kyle is an insecure, alcoholic playboy. They are the spoiled children of Texas oil baron Jasper Hadley. The two are crippled by their personal demons. Neither is able to sustain a personal relationship.

Problems begin when Kyle marries Lucy Moore. He resumes drinking after failing to father a child. He turns against his childhood friend, Mitch Wayne. Kyle's anger and depression deepen after the death of his father. Jasper had admired Mitch, but was disgusted with his own two children.
Mitch is secretly in love with Lucy. He keeps these feelings private. Kyle is diagnosed with a low sperm count. Lucy announces she is pregnant. Kyle assaults her. He thinks the baby belongs to Mitch. The assault results in a miscarriage. Mitch vows to leave town with Lucy as soon as she's well enough to travel. A drunken Kyle grabs a pistol. He intends to shoot Mitch. Marylee struggles with her brother. The pistol accidentally fires. Kyle is killed.

Marylee has long been infatuated with Mitch. He has repeatedly spurned her. She spitefully threatens to name Mitch as Kyle's killer. At the inquest, she first testifies that he killed Kyle. At the last moment she admits the truth. Mitch and Lucy leave. Marylee is left alone to mourn her brother's death.
What the critics thought 
Bosley Crowther  wrote in the New York Times, "The trouble with this romantic picture ... is that nothing really happens, the complications within the characters are never clear and the sloppy, self-pitying fellow at the center of the whole thing is a bore."  TV Guide describes the film as "the ultimate in lush melodrama ... Douglas Sirk's finest directorial effort ... one of the most notable critiques of the American family ever made."
Roger Ebert writes, "a perverse and wickedly funny melodrama in which you can find the seeds of Dallas, Dynasty, and all the other prime-time soaps. Sirk is the one who established their tone, in which shocking behavior is treated with passionate solemnity, while parody burbles beneath ... To appreciate a film like Written on the Wind probably takes more sophistication than to understand one of Ingmar Bergman's masterpieces, because Bergman's themes are visible and underlined, while with Sirk the style conceals the message. His interiors are wildly over the top, and his exteriors are phony - he wants you to notice the artifice, to see that he's not using realism but an exaggerated Hollywood studio style ... Films like this are both above and below middle-brow taste. If you only see the surface, it's trashy soap opera. If you can see the style, the absurdity, the exaggeration and the satirical humor, it's subversive of all the 1950s dramas that handled such material solemnly
. William Inge and Tennessee Williams were taken with great seriousness during the decade, but Sirk kids their Freudian hysteria."
References

Other websites

 
 
 Criterion Collection essay by Laura Mulvey 

1956 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Universal Pictures movies
Women's movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Douglas Sirk
Movies based on books
Movies about alcoholism
Movies about depression
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in Texas
Movies set in Rhode Island
Qadar Yar (1802–1892), was a Muslim Jatt of the Sandhu caste. He was born in the village Machhike, in Gujranwala District in Punjab (in modern-day Pakistan) during the rule of the Sikh Empire. He was the court poet of the Lahore Sikh Darbar, during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He is considered an important poet of Punjabi language and his famous epic Puran Bhagat is ranked amongst the great Punjabi classics.

References

Punjabi people
1802 births
1892 deaths
Gujranwala District
was a  after Gangyō and before Kanpyō.  This period started in February 885 and ended in April 889.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Ninna era

 17 September 887 (Ninna 3, 26th day of the 8th month): Emperor Kōkō died at the age of 57.  Kōkō's third son received the succession (senso).  Shortly thereafter, Emperor Uda formally acceded to the throne (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

 12 May 887 (Ninna 3, 17th day of the 11th month): Mototsune asks Uda for permission to retire from his duties; but the emperor persuades him to continue to serve as kampaku.

 887 (Ninna 4, 8th month): Construction of the Buddhist temple complex at  was completed; and a former disciple of Kōbō-daishi was named to be the leader of the monks who lived there.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
885 establishments
9th-century establishments in Japan
889 disestablishments
9th-century disestablishments in Japan
The song "My Love Is Your Love" was the fourth single taken off the album of the same name. Sung by deceased singer Whitney Houston and co-written by Jerry Duplessis and Wyclef Jean it was released in the summer of 1999. It reached the top-five on the Billboard Hot 100. It appeared on the Totally Hits 2 compilation album.

1999 songs
Whitney Houston songs
My Love Is Your Love is the fourth studio album by American singer Whitney Houston. It was released in late 1998. The album had five singles. One of these was a duet with Mariah Carey named "When You Believe". Other singles were "Heartbreak Hotel" with Faith Evans and Kelly Price, "It's Not Right, But It's Okay", "My Love Is Your Love", and "I Learned From The Best".

The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. It was nominated for seven Grammy Awards. Houston won one of them. It was her last Grammy Award. "When You Believe" won an Academy Award.

Track listing

References 

1998 albums
Whitney Houston albums
Moving the goalposts or shifting the goalposts is an idiom which means changing the terms of a debate or a conflict after it has started.

The phrase describes changing the target or goal of a process. In a dispute or a competition, the idiom explains what one side does in order to gain advantage.

History
This phrase comes from sports that use goalposts, such as football.

In 1978, the Washington Post published the phrase, quoting the CEO of American Airlines who said, "'They keep moving the goal posts." In Britain, the earliest known published use was in 1987.

Logical fallacy
The idiom identifies a kind of logical fallacy. In an argument, when evidence is presented in response to a specific claim, it is "moving the goalposts" when some other evidence is demanded instead. Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.
In other words, after an attempt has been made to score a goal, the goalposts are moved to exclude the attempt. The problem with changing the rules of the game is that the meaning of the result is changed too. It counts for less.

Bullying 
The tactics of bullying behaviour include moving the goalposts. This means setting objectives which subtly change in ways that cannot be reached. In workplace bullying, shifting the goalposts is a conventional tactic.

References

	

Logical fallacies
Bullying
Idioms
The Big West Conference is a NCAA conference that plays in the NCAA Division I. The conference is based in Irvine, California, and eight of its nine current members are from California. The other member is from Hawaii.

Members
This is a list of colleges and universities who play sports in the Big West. Since the University of the Pacific left in 2013, all of the members are now public schools. Four each are from the University of California and California State University systems, and the other is the main campus of the University of Hawaii system.
California Polytechnic State University ("Cal Poly"; sometimes "Cal Poly SLO", from its home city of San Luis Obispo)
California State University, Fullerton ("Cal State Fullerton")
California State University, Northridge ("Cal State Northridge")
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa ("Hawaiʻi")
California State University, Long Beach ("Long Beach State")
University of California, Davis ("UC Davis")
University of California, Irvine ("UC Irvine")
University of California, Riverside ("UC Riverside")
University of California, Santa Barbara ("UC Santa Barbara")

The conference once sponsored football, but dropped the sport in 2000. Three of its members play football in other conferences:
 Cal Poly and UC Davis are football members of the Big Sky Conference.
 Hawaiʻi is a football member of the Mountain West Conference.

References

 
NCAA Division I athletics conferences
The RepRap project is a project to develop a 3D printer (RepRap, short for "replicating rapid prototyper") that can print most of its own parts. All of the designs produced by the project are released under a free software license.

The RepRap project has made four machines so far: "Darwin", released in March 2007, "Mendel", released in October 2009, "Prusa Mendel" and "Huxley" released in 2010. Developers have named each after famous biologists.

Reference

Computer hardware
Kasseem Dean (born September 13, 1978 in The Bronx, New York), known by his stage name, Swizz Beatz, is an American record producer, DJ, rapper and painter.

He began to produce music tracks at the age of 16 and sold his first beat when he was 17. His beat would later become DMX's hit single Ruff Ryders' Anthem. He founded his own record label, Full Surface Records in a joint venture with Clive Davis of J Records at the age of 23. He is currently married to singer Alicia Keys and they have six children.

Discography

Studio albums
Swizz Beatz has released 2 studio albums and a compilation album:

Compilation albums

References

Other websites
 Official website

1978 births
Living people
American DJs
American painters
Rappers from New York (state)
Musicians from the Bronx
Singers from New York City
The  covers the rest areas along the Tōkaidō, which was a coastal route that ran from Edo (modern-day Tokyo) to Kyoto.

Stations of the Tōkaidō
There were originally 53 government waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō.  At each, all travelers were expected to present traveling permits. These were also places for resting and eating before continuing to travel.

Tokyo

Starting Location: Nihonbashi Bridge, (Chūō-ku)
1. Shinagawa-juku (Shinagawa, Tokyo)

Kanagawa Prefecture
2. Kawasaki-juku (Kawasaki, Kanagawa)  
3. Kanagawa-juku (Kanagawa, Yokohama)  
4. Hodogaya-juku (Hodogaya, Yokohama)  
5. Totsuka-juku (Totsuka, Yokohama)  
6. Fujisawa-shuku (Fujisawa, Kanagawa)  
7. Hiratsuka-juku (Hiratsuka, Kanagawa)  
8. Ōiso-juku (Ōiso, Kanagawa)  
9. Odawara-juku (Odawara, Kanagawa)  
10. Hakone-juku (Hakone, Kanagawa)

Shizuoka Prefecture
11. Mishima-shuku (Mishima, Shizuoka)
12. Numazu-juku (Numazu, Shizuoka)
13. Hara-juku  (Numazu)
14. Yoshiwara-juku (Fuji, Shizuoka)
15. Kanbara-juku (Shimizu, Shizuoka)
16. Yui-shuku (Shimizu)
17. Okitsu-juku (Shimizu)
18. Ejiri-juku (Shimizu)
19. Fuchū-shuku (Aoi, Shizuoka)
20. Mariko-juku (Suruga, Shizuoka)
21. Okabe-juku (Fujieda, Shizuoka)
22. Fujieda-juku (Fujieda)
23. Shimada-juku (Shimada, Shizuoka)
24. Kanaya-juku (Shimada)
25. Nissaka-shuku (Kakegawa, Shizuoka)
26. Kakegawa-juku (Kakegawa)
27. Fukuroi-juku (Fukuroi, Shizuoka)
28. Mitsuke-juku (Iwata, Shizuoka)
29. Hamamatsu-juku (Naka, Hamamatsu)
30. Maisaka-juku (Nishi, Hamamatsu)
31. Arai-juku (Kosai, Shizuoka)
32. Shirasuka-juku (Kosai)

Aichi Prefecture
33. Futagawa-juku (Toyohashi, Aichi)
34. Yoshida-juku (Toyohashi)
35. Goyu-shuku (Toyokawa, Aichi)
36. Akasaka-juku (Toyokawa)
37. Fujikawa-shuku (Okazaki, Aichi)
38. Okazaki-shuku (Okazaki)
39. Chiryū-juku (Chiryū, Aichi)
40. Narumi-juku (Midori, Nagoya)
41. Miya-juku (Atsuta, Nagoya)

Mie Prefecture
42. Kuwana-juku (Kuwana, Mie)
43. Yokkaichi-juku  (Yokkaichi, Mie)
44. Ishiyakushi-juku (Suzuka, Mie)
45. Shōno-juku (Suzuka)
46. Kameyama-juku (Kameyama, Mie)
47. Seki-juku (Kameyama)
48. Sakanoshita-juku (Kameyama)

Shiga Prefecture
49. Tsuchiyama-juku (Kōka, Shiga)
50. Minakuchi-juku (Kōka)
51. Ishibe-juku (Konan, Shiga)
52. Kusatsu-juku (Kusatsu, Shiga)
53. Ōtsu-juku (Ōtsu, Shiga)

Kyoto Prefecture
Ending Location: Sanjō Ōhashi Bridge in Kyoto

Provinces
The Tōkaidō road passed through ten provinces:
 Musashi Province: Nihonbashi to Hodogaya (#4)
 Sagami Province: Totsuka (#5) to Hakone (#10)
 Izu Province: Mishima (#11)
 Suruga Province: Numazu (#12) to Shimada (#23)
 Tōtōmi Province: Kanaya (#24) to Shirasuka (#32)
 Mikawa Province: Futagawa (#33) to Chiryū (#39)
 Owari Province: Narumi (#40) and Miya (#41)
 Ise Province: Kuwana (#42) to Sakanoshita (#48)
 Ōmi Province: Tsuchiyama (#49) to Ōtsu (#53)

The end of the road was in Yamashiro Province at Sanjō Ōhashi Bridge in Kyoto.

Related pages 
 Gokishichidō
 Edo Five Routes

References

History of Japan
Japan-related lists
The Birds is a 1963 American horror movie. It was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It is set in San Francisco, California. The movie stars Rod Taylor and Tippi Hedren. It was Tippi Hedren's first movie. It also stars Jessica Tandy, Suzanne Pleshette and Veronica Cartwright. The movie is part of the National Film Registry, because it is culturally significant.

Plot 
The story is about bird attacks. Melanie Daniels is a city woman. She meets Mitch Brenner at a pet store. She pretends to work at the store. She drives to Bodega Bay to give love birds to his daughter. She first goes to the center of town. She meets the school teacher Annie Hayworth. She takes a boat to cross the lake. She drops off the birds and goes back in the boat. Mitch follows by car. A seagull attacks Melanie on the boat. Mitch helps her out of the boat. Mitch bandages her cut in the restaurant.
Mitch and Melanie get Cathy from Annie's place. Annie is found dead. Melanie and the Brenners go to their house. Birds come in through the fireplace. They secure the windows and fireplace with wood and nails. The birds attack again. They eat at the wood of windows and doors. They break in through the roof. Melanie goes up to see and is attacked. Mitch comes up and brings Melanie downstairs. He listens to the radio in the car. The radio says that there were other attacks. The attacks were around Bodega Bay. Eventually the Brenners and Melanie leave. They drive with the car and take the lovebirds.

Cast
Cast 

 Rod Taylor as Mitch Brenner
 Tippi Hedren as Melanie Daniels
 Jessica Tandy as Lydia Brenner, mother of Mitch and Cathy
 Veronica Cartwright as Cathy Brenner
 Suzanne Pleshette as Annie Hayworth, school teacher
 Ethel Griffies as Mrs. Bundy, ornithologist (somebody who studies birds) 
 Charles McGraw as Sebastian Sholes, fisherman
 Lonny Chapman as Deke Carter, innkeeper
 Karl Swenson as Christian preacher
 Joe Mantell as Cynical Businessman
 Ruth McDevitt as Mrs. MacGruder, owner of the bird shop
 Malcolm Atterbury as Deputy Al Malone
 Elizabeth Wilson as Helen Carter, Deke's wife
 Richard Deacon as Mitch's neighbor in San Francisco
 Alfred Hitchcock makes his signature cameo as a man walking dogs out of the pet shop at the beginning of the film.

Production
Production

Development 
Evan Hunter did the screenplay for the movie. It is based on Daphne du Maurier's novella "The Birds". Hitchcock wanted the movie to start funny and end with horror. The audience would know bird attacks would come but not when. These things would create suspense. Hitchcock really liked suspense. The movie was to be shocking. Hunter and Hitchcock developed the story. Hitchcock wanted the ending to be puzzling and not clear. So he cut part of the original ending out.

Birds in the Film 
Most of the birds were real. Some were mechanical like a machine. The real birds were caught and trained.

Soundtrack 
There is much silence in the movie. This creates suspense. It is a contrast to the noise of the birds. There is no traditional score. The music tells the audience what emotions to have. Sound effects were created with the electroacoustic Mixtur-Trautonium. This was a form of synthesizer.
Special effects 
The movie had many technical difficulties. It was challenging to make. There were many special effects for the birds. The sodium vapor process ("yellow screen") was used for the attack scenes of the birds. The process shoots two images at the same time and overlaps them. SVP was better for the fast-moving wings of the birds. Blue backing and sodium matter and optical printers were also used. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award for best special effects.

Themes and style
Themes and style

Themes 
One theme in the movie is love vs. violence. The two lovebirds are in contrast to the violent crows and gulls, who attack people. There is also the theme of civilians being trapped. This is seen in the telephone booth. Melanie is trapped in a very small space and the birds attack. Any time someone goes out, they are in danger. At the Brenner's house, they must seal windows and doors. Outside, the birds surround them in every direction. In the beginning, only birds are in cages. Eventually humans are trapped like in a cage. There is conflict between nature and man. Humans can be very vulnerable to nature. The attack of the birds can also be a form of punishment.
Style 
The movie is slow-paced and builds up to the attack scenes. This means that not much happens until the birds attack. When the birds attack, a lot happens and everything gets chaotic. There are many short shots put together in a short time. This is called montage editing. Eyeline matches and point-of-view (POV) are used. This is when the audience sees the same things the actors see. It is as if one is in the head of the actor. One can see their emotions and how they see things. The camera switches from facing the actor to the object of their sight and back again. There are also shots from the view of birds. An example is the birds-eye view. This happens when the birds attack the center of town and the gas station. One sees the entire town from above.

Real life event inspiration
The Birds film was partly inspired by the true events of a mass bird attack on the seaside town of Capitola in California on August 18, 1961.
"Capitola residents awoke to a scene that seemed straight out of a horror movie. Hordes of seabirds were dive-bombing their homes, crashing into cars and spewing half-digested anchovies onto lawns." 

Alfred Hitchcock heard of this event and used it as research material for this film which was then in progress. The real cause of the birds' behaviour was toxic algae, but that was not known back in the 1960s.

Reception 
The movie had mixed reviews at first. It received better reviews later. It is important in the horror genre. On Rotten Tomatoes it has positive reviews with a 95% rating.

Controversy 
There was a controversy about Hitchcock and Hedren. Hitchcock seemed to be obsessed with her. She accused him of sexual assault. She was also injured on the movie set.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1963 movies
1963 thriller movies
1963 horror movies
American horror movies
Movies about birds
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies set in California
Universal Pictures movies
Cult movies
Take Care is the second studio album by Canadian rapper, Drake. Take Care was released on November 15, 2011. The album debuted at #1 on the US Billboard 200 chart and sold 631,000 copies in the United States in its first week. It received mostly positive reviews from music critics.

Songs

References

2011 albums
Drake (musician) albums
Magnificent Obsession is a 1954 romantic drama movie. It stars Jane Wyman and Rock Hudson. Douglas Sirk directed. The movie is based on the book Magnificent Obsession by Lloyd C. Douglas.  The movie was produced by Ross Hunter and released by Universal Pictures.  Critic Howard Thompson wrote, "[The movie] is unquestionably a handsome one. Better still, generally restrained performances at least dignify a moist text, which may seem inspiration to some, pure corn to others."
Story 
Spoiled playboy Robert Merrick loses control of his speed boat.  Rescuers send for a resuscitator in Dr. Phillips's house on the other side of the lake.  While the resuscitator is being used to save Merrick's life, Dr. Phillips has a heart attack and dies.  Merrick ends up at Dr. Phillips's clinic. The doctors and nurses blame him for Dr. Phillips's death.  He tries to run away but collapses in front of Helen Phillip's car. Helen is Dr. Phillips's widow. She does not know Merrick. Merrick ends up back at the clinic.  After his discharge, he resumes his playboy life. He makes advances to Helen. She runs away, and steps into the path of an oncoming car. She is blinded by the accident. Merrick commits to becoming a doctor.  He has fallen in love with Helen. He helps her adjust to her blindness by posing as a poor medical student, "Robby".
Merrick secretly arranges for Helen to travel to Europe to consult the best eye surgeons in the world.  They tell Helen there is no hope for recovery.  Right after this, "Robby" shows up at her hotel to provide emotional support. He confesses to being Merrick.  Helen has already guessed this. Merrick asks Helen to marry him.  Helen realizes she will be a burden to him. She runs away. Many years pass.  Merrick is now a dedicated brain surgeon. He searches for Helen.  He learns she is possibly dying in a small hospital.  He goes to the hospital and discovers Helen needs complex brain surgery to save her life.  Merrick operates. Helen awakens in the morning and discovers she can see.

References 

Movies directed by Douglas Sirk
Universal Pictures movies
1954 romantic drama movies
Women's movies
1950s English-language movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in hospitals
is a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Cities in Saitama Prefecture
Key & Peele is a comedy television show. It was created by Keegan Michael Key and Jordan Peele in 2012 and airs on Comedy Central. Keegan Michael Key and Jordan Peele are in the series as the characters. There are many characters such as the Substitute Teacher and Luther (Barack Obama's angry translator).

References

American comedy television series
English-language television programs
is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The Japanese word Ibaraki means Wild Trees or Thorny trees in English. There is also an Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.

History
The city was founded on January 1, 1948.

Sister and Friendship cities 
   Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States - Sister city since 1980
  Anqing, Anhui, China - Friendship city since 1985
  Shodoshima, Kagawa, Japan - Sister city since 1988

References

Other websites

 Ibaraki official website 

Cities in Osaka Prefecture
Magnificent Obsession (1929) is a novel by Lloyd C. Douglas. The story follows a man named Robert Merrick. He is resuscitated by a rescue crew after a boating accident. The crew is unable to save the life of Dr. Hudson, a heart attack victim on the other side of the lake.  Merrick then decides to devote his life to making up for the doctor's. He becomes a physician himself. Dr. Hudson's widow suffers serious injury in an accident. Merrick is instrumental in her recovery. 

Two movies were based on the book: Magnificent Obsession (1935), and Magnificent Obsession (1954). The 1954 movie was directed by Douglas Sirk. A television series called Dr. Hudson's Secret Journal was based on the novel. It aired 78 episodes in syndication from 1955 to 1957.

Other websites 
Magnificent Obsession at Project Gutenberg of Australia

1929 books
20th-century American novels
Jeanette Helen Morrison (July 6, 1927 – October 3, 2004), known professionally as Janet Leigh, was an American actress, singer, dancer, and author. She is best known for her role in Psycho, for which she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Early life
Leigh was born in Merced, California, and grew up in Merced. She was the only child of Helen Lita (née Westergaard) and Frederick Robert Morrison. Her birth name was Jeanette Helen Morrison.  Her maternal grandparents were immigrants from Denmark. In winter 1945, she was discovered by actress Norma Shearer, whose late husband Irving Thalberg had been a senior executive at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Marriage and family
Leigh married actor Tony Curtis in 1951. They had two daughters, actresses Kelly Curtis (born 1956) and Jamie Lee Curtis (born 1958). The couple divorced in 1962.

Death
Leigh died on October 3, 2004 of vasculitis in Beverly Hills, California, aged 77.

References

Other websites