Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Imaga Daisuki was released, with more live performances than Te wo Tsunaide, and a tie-in. It seemed that Younha has a bigger budget on this single. It did significantly worse, as her second worst ranking single, at #71. Imaga Daisuki was also used as an opening song for the animation Jang Geum's Dream while the b-track Inori was used for the animation's ending song.

Younha released a digital Korean single titled Audition. The single includes Audition (Time 2 Rock) and Waiting (기다리다). Although it was released as a digital single, very limited hard copies of the single were available as well. Many performances for this song were shown on Korean TV, unusual for Younha as her last appearance on TV was with her single Touch. Much promotion occurred for this single and it helped for a long charting life for Audition, lasting well over 3 months in all the Korean charts. She stayed in Korea during this release, as well as January.
Younha was once again chosen to be an anime theme singer for Kiba. The song Hakanaku Tsuyoku was used as the second opening for the show. The single was released on 17 January 2007. This single, unlike her other singles, has only 3 tracks. Surprisingly, this single appeared on the Top 20 Daily Charts for exactly one day, at #16. The Weekly rank was at an above-average #36, but sales were only slightly better. This single did not have a PV because Younha was in Korea during the month before and most likely January as well.

2007: Great Success in Korea & A Possible Return to Japan

고백하기 좋은 날 (The Perfect Day to Say I Love You) Era
Exactly two months after "Hakanaku Tsuyoku", Younha went back to her home country to release her first Korean Album entitled 고백하기 좋은 날 (Go Baek Ha Gi Jo Eun Nal, translated "The Perfect Day to Say I Love You" or literally translated "Good Day to Confess"). She recorded a MV for the third track "비밀번호 486" (Bi Mil Bun Ho 486, translated "Password 486") which stars fellow Stam artist Yoon Ji Hoo. The video featured many image changes for Younha which include her first ever kiss. The album also features a collaboration with Wheesung.
With the single welcomed well into the market, Younha proceeded to release her Korean debut album. The album received excellent success, peaking at #1 on the charts. The first song to be promoted from the album was 비밀번호 486 (Bi Mil Bun Ho 486, translated "Password 486"). She won the SBS Inkigayo Mutizen award twice for Secret Number 486. This song was also well received by the Korean audience. The second song to be promoted from this album was 연애조건 (Yeonae Jogeon, translated "Love Condition").

On July 14th 2007, Younha appeared on the Korean GomTV MSL Grand Finals (Starcraft tournament) and played in the opening ceremony.

Younha has also been picked as publicity envoy for the anti-corruption Clean Wave Campaign for her pure and clean image.

At the 2007 MKMF held on November 17th 2007, Younha won the Best New Solo Artist award.

Younha Vol. 1.5 Album
With Younha's success rising, she released a new version of Go! Younha, all re-recorded in Korean. The album, with tracklist changes, is now called 혜성 (Comet), and was released on October 23.

2008: Return To Japan and Future Plans for 2008 
On January 18th, Younha left Korea to continue her music career in Japan. She is expecting to release a new Japanese Album/Music Video DVD, "SONGS-Teen's Collection. " This Collection is expected to include all of her music videos so far, plus a 32 page photobook, in the limited edition of the disk. The release date of this album is March 26th, and on-line Music Shops already have started getting pre-orders. For information about pre-ordering, contact http://www.jkm.co.kr or http://www.leesmusic.co.kr/ (both Korean)

Collaborations 

Younha sang the song Boku wa Koko ni Iru on the tribute album to Masayoshi Yamazaki, "One More Time, One More Track". (12.21.05)
Younha was selected as one of 14 female artists to perform in the omnibus album "14 Princess ~Princess Princess Children~", a collection of the most famous songs by the top girls band Princess Princess of late 80's and early 90's. Younha performed the song Diamonds, which was the number 1 seller of the year 1989 in Japan. (03.08.06)

References

Discography 

This is the discography of pop artist 'Younha'.

Singles

Japanese Singles

Korean Singles

Albums

Japanese Albums

Korean Albums

Other websites 
Younha Official Website in Korea  (Korean language)
Younha Official Website in Japan  (Japanese language)

1988 births
Living people
Singers from Seoul
K-pop singers
The word Benedictine usually refers to a follower of the Order of Saint Benedict. These people usually lead a life in an abbey. They follow the rule of Benedict of Nursia. Benedict lived in the 6th century. He made some rules, called the Rule of St Benedict these people follow. The rules can be summed up by pax (peace) and ora et labora (pray and work). 

Most Benedictines see themselves as part of the Catholic Church. Some can also be found in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Church. Officially, the order is known as Ordo Sancti Benedicti (OSB).

 
6th-century works‎
The term Cistercian is used to refer to an order of Roman Catholic monks. Officially the order is called Ordo Cisterciensis (OCist), or Sacer Ordo Cisterciensis (SOC). These people follow the same rules as the Benedictines, that is to say those of St Benedict. Over time, the Benedictines made some changes to the rules and the way of life. 

The Cistercians reject these. They went back to what St Benedict had taught. Sometimes their rules were more strict than those St Benedict had given. They also went back to manual labour, especially work in the fields. Because of this, the Cistercians helped spread technologies around Medieval Europe. In 1882 certain monasteries formed a new order, called the Trappists. With time, they split completely from the Cistercians.

Roman Catholic religious orders
James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1901 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, novelist, playwright and short story writer. Hughes was one of the writers and artists whose work was called the Harlem Renaissance.

Hughes grew up as a poor boy from Missouri, the descendant of African people who had been taken to America as slaves. At that time, the term used for African-Americans was "negro" which means a person with black skin. Most "negroes" did not remember or think about their link with the people of Africa, even though it was a big influence on their culture and, in particular, their music. Hughes was unusual for his time, because he went back to West Africa to understand more about his own culture. Through his poetry, plays, and stories, Hughes helped other black Americans to see themselves as part of a much bigger group of people, so that now the term "African-American" is used with pride.
Hughes became a famous writer, but all his life he remembered how he started out, and he helped and encouraged many other struggling writers.

Life

Childhood 
Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents were James Hughes and Carrie Langston Hughes who was a teacher. Langston's father, James Hughes, was so upset about the racism towards African-Americans that he left his family and moved to Mexico. During his childhood, Hughes was cared for by his grandmother, in Lawrence, Kansas while his mother worked to support the family. Langston's grandmother was a great story teller. She told stories that made him feel proud to be an African-American.
After his grandmother died, Hughes and his mother moved about 12 times until settling in Cleveland, and then, as a teenager went to live in Lincoln, Illinois with his mother, who had remarried. He was often left alone because his mother was at work. Even though his childhood was difficult and had lots of changes, he was able to use these things in the poetry that he started to write while he was at school. He never forgot the stories of his grandmother and tried to help other African-Americans when they were having problems. These were the people that he later wrote about in his own stories.

When Hughes went to school in Lincoln, there were only two African-American children in the class. The teacher talked to them about poetry. She said that what a poem needed most was rhythm. Langston later said that he had rhythm in his blood because, "as everyone knows", all African-Americans have rhythm. The children made him the "class poet".
At high school in Cleveland, Ohio, Langston learned to love reading. He loved the poetry of the American poets Paul Laurence Dunbar and Carl Sandburg. He wrote articles for the school newspaper, he edited the school yearbook and he wrote his first short stories and plays.

Hughes' father and Columbia University 
When Langston Hughes was 17, he went to spend some time with his father in Mexico. He was so unhappy while he was there that he thought about committing suicide. Hughes could not understand how his father felt. He said: "I had been thinking about my father and his strange dislike of his own people. I didn't understand it, because I was a Negro, and I liked Negroes very much!"

Hughes later wrote this poem: 

"The night is beautiful,
So the faces of my people.

The stars are beautiful,
So the eyes of my people

Beautiful, also, is the sun.
Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people."
Adult life 
Until 1926 Hughes did many different types of work. In 1923 he went as a crewman on the ship "S.S.Malone" and went to West Africa and Europe. He left the ship and stayed for a short time in Paris where he joined several other African-Americans who were living there. In November 1924, Hughes returned to the U.S. to live with his mother in Washington, D.C.. In 1925 he got a job as an assistant to Carter G. Woodson who worked with the Association for the Study of African American Life and History. Hughes did not enjoy his work because he did not have enough time to write, so he left and got a job as a "busboy", wiping tables and washing dishes at a hotel. Hughes is sometimes called "The Busboy Poet". Meanwhile, some of his poems were published in magazines and were being collected together for his first book of poetry. While he was working at the hotel he met the poet Vachel Lindsay, who helped to make Hughes known as a new African-American poet.
Langston Hughes sometimes went out with women, but he never married. People who have studied his life and poetry are sure that he was homosexual. In the 1930s it was harder to be open about being gay than it is nowadays. His poetry has lots of symbols which are used by other homosexual writers. Hughes thought that men who had very dark skin were particularly beautiful. It seems from his poetry that he was in love with an African-American man. He also wrote a story which might tell of his own experience. Blessed Assurance is the story of a father's anger because his son is "queer" and acts like a girl.
Hughes' life and work were an important part of the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, alongside those Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, Countee Cullen, Richard Bruce Nugent, and Aaron Douglas, who together started a magazine Fire!! Devoted to Younger Negro Artists. Hughes and these friends did not always agree with the ideas of some of the other African-American writers who were also part of the Harlem Renaissance because they thought their ideas were Middle class and that they treated others who had darker skin, less education and less money with discrimination. All his life, Hughes never forgot the lessons that he learned about poor and uneducated African-Americans in the stories that his grandmother told.

In 1960, the NAACP awarded Hughes the "Spingarn Medal" for "distinguished achievements by an African American". Hughes became a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1961. In 1973, an award was named after him, the "Langston Hughes Medal", awarded by the City College of New York.
Hughes became a famous American poet, but he was always ready to help other people, particularly young black writers. He was worried that many young writers hated themselves, and expressed these feelings to the world. He tried to help people feel pride, and not worry about the prejudice of other people. He also tried to help young African-Americans not to express hatred and prejudice towards white Americans.

Hughes wrote: 

"The younger Negro artists who create now intend to express
our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame.
If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not,
it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly, too.
The tom-tom cries, and the tom-tom laughs. If colored people
are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure
doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow,
strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain
free within ourselves."
(A tom-tom is an African drum)
Death 
On May 22, 1967, Hughes died in New York City at the age of 65 after having surgery for prostate cancer. His ashes are buried under the floor of the Langston Hughes Auditorium in the Arthur Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem. Over his ashes is a circle with an African design called "Rivers." At the centre of the design are words from a poem by Hughes: "My soul has grown deep like the rivers."

The Negro speaks of Rivers

I've known rivers:
I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the
flow of human blood in human veins.My soul has grown deep like the rivers.

I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young.
I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep.
I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it.
I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln
went down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy
bosom turn all golden in the sunset.

I've known rivers:
Ancient, dusky rivers.My soul has grown deep like the rivers.
Works by Langston Hughes 
 Poetry 
 The Weary Blues. Knopf, 1926
 Fine Clothes to the Jew. Knopf, 1927
 The Negro Mother and Other Dramatic Recitations, 1931
 Dear Lovely Death, 1931
 The Dream Keeper and Other Poems. Knopf, 1932
 Scottsboro Limited: Four Poems and a Play. N.Y.: Golden Stair Press, 1932
 Shakespeare in Harlem. Knopf, 1942
 Freedom's Plow. 1943
 Fields of Wonder. Knopf,1947
 One-Way Ticket. 1949
 Montage of a Dream Deferred. Holt, 1951
 Selected Poems of Langston Hughes. 1958
 Ask Your Mama: 12 Moods for Jazz. Hill & Wang, 1961
 The Panther and the Lash: Poems of Our Times, 1967
 The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. Knopf, 1994
 Let America Be America Again 2005
Fiction 
 Not Without Laughter. Knopf, 1930
 The Ways of White Folks. Knopf, 1934
 Simple Speaks His Mind. 1950
 Laughing to Keep from Crying, Holt, 1952
 Simple Takes a Wife. 1953
 Sweet Flypaper of Life, photographs by Roy DeCarava. 1955
 Simple Stakes a Claim. 1957
 Tambourines to Glory (book), 1958
 The Best of Simple. 1961
 Simple's Uncle Sam. 1965
 Something in Common and Other Stories. Hill & Wang, 1963
 Short Stories of Langston Hughes. Hill & Wang, 1996

 Non-fiction 
 The Big Sea. New York: Knopf, 1940
 Famous American Negroes. 1954
 Marian Anderson: Famous Concert Singer. 1954
 I Wonder as I Wander. New York: Rinehart & Co., 1956
 A Pictorial History of the Negro in America, with Milton Meltzer. 1956
 Famous Negro Heroes of America. 1958
 Fight for Freedom: The Story of the NAACP. 1962
Major plays 
 Mule Bone, with Zora Neale Hurston. 1931
 Mulatto. 1935 (renamed The Barrier, an opera, in 1950)
 Troubled Island, with William Grant Still. 1936
 Little Ham. 1936
 Emperor of Haiti. 1936
 Don't You Want to be Free? 1938
 Street Scene (opera)|Street Scene, contributed lyrics. 1947
 Tambourines to glory. 1956
 Simply Heavenly. 1957
 Black Nativity. 1961
 Five Plays by Langston Hughes. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963.
 Jericho-Jim Crow. 1964

 Works for children 
 Popo and Fifina, with Arna Bontemps. 1932
 The First Book of the Negroes. 1952
 The First Book of Jazz. 1954
 The First Book of Rhythms. 1954
 The First Book of the West Indies. 1956
 First Book of Africa. 1964

 Other 
 The Langston Hughes Reader. New York: Braziller, 1958.
 Good Morning Revolution: Uncollected Social Protest Writings by Langston Hughes. Lawrence Hill, 1973.
 The Collected Works of Langston Hughes''. Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2001.

Notes
References 
 The references which follow are those used in the writing of the original article.
 Aldrich, Robert (2001). Who's Who in Gay & Lesbian History. Routledge. 
 Bernard, Emily (2001). Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Hughes and Carl Van Vechten, 1925-1964. Knopf. 
 Berry, Faith (1983.1992,). Langston Hughes: Before and Beyond Harlem. In On the Cross of the South, p. 150; & Zero Hour, p. 185-186. Citadel Press 
 Hughes, Langstong (2001). Fight for Freedom and Other Writings on Civil Rights (Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Vol 10). In Christorpher C. DeSantis (Ed). Introduction, p. 9. University of Missouri Press 
 Hutson, Jean Blackwell; & Nelson, Jill (February 1992). "Remembering Langston". Essence magazine, p. 96.
 Joyce, Joyce A. (2004). A Historical Guide to Langston Hughes. In Steven C. Tracy (Ed.), Hughes and Twentieth-Century Genderracial Issues, p. 136. Oxford University Press
Nero, Charles I. (1997).Queer Reprensentations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures. In Martin Duberman (Ed.), Re/Membering Langston, p. 192. New York University Press 
 Nero, Charles I. (1999).Columbia Reader on Lesbians and Gay Men in Media, Society, and Politics. In Larry P. Gross & James D. Woods (Eds.), In Free Speech or Hate Speech: Pornography and its Means of Production, p. 500. Columbia University Press 
 Nichols, Charles H. (1980). Arna Bontempts-Langston Hughes Letters, 1925-1967. Dodd, Mead & Company. 
 Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (1993). Langston Hughes: A Study of the Short Fiction. New York: Twayne. 
 Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (2002). A Langston Hughes Encyclopedia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. 
 Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1986). The Life of Langston Hughes Volume 1: I, Too, Sing America. Oxford University Press 
 Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1988). The Life of Langston Hughes Volume 2: I Dream A World. In Ask Your Mama!, p. 336. Oxford University Press
Schwarz, Christa A.B. (2003). Gay Voices of the Harlem Renaissance. In Langston Hughes: A "true 'people's poet",pp. 68–88. Indiana University Press 
 West, Sandra L. (2003). Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. In Aberjhani & Sandra West (Ed.), Langston Hughes, p. 162. Checkmark Press
Related pages
 Harlem Renaissance

Other websites 

 Poems by Langston Hughes at PoetryFoundation.org
 A selection of Langston Hughes's more political poetry
 The Negro Artist and The Racial Mountain by Langston Hughes
 Beinecke Library,Yale University, Langston Hughes at 100 
 Langston Hughes in Lawrence, KS: Photographs & Biographical Resources
 Phat African American Poetry Book
 Langston Hughes Papers on deposit at Yale 
 America's Library, Library of Congress, Langston Hughes 
 I Hear America Singing, PBS.ORG
 Obituary of Langston Hughes, The New York Times
 Atrium where the ashes of Langston Hughes reside in the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem
 List of previewable works on Google Book Search by and concerning Langston Hughes
1902 births
1967 deaths
African American writers
American children's writers
American communists
American LGBT people
American novelists
American playwrights
American poets
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from surgical complications
Gay men
LGBT African Americans
LGBT novelists
LGBT playwrights
LGBT poets
People from Joplin, Missouri
Writers from Missouri
People from Lawrence, Kansas
A geographical coordinate system is a coordinate system. This means that every place can be specified by three sets of three numbers, called coordinates. 

A full circle can be divided into 360 degrees (or 360°); this was first done by the Babylonians; Ancient Greeks, like Ptolemy later extended the theory.

Today, degrees are divided further. There are minutes, and seconds; 1 minute (or 1') in this context is 1/60 of a degree; 1 second (or 1") is 1/60 of a minute.

The first concept needed is called latitude (Lat, or the Greek symbol "phi", ). For it, the Earth is cut up into 180 circles, from the Equator at 0°. The poles are at 90°, the North Pole is at 90° N(orth), the South Pole is at 90° S(outh). Places with the same latitude are on a circle, around the Earth.
The other concept is called longitude (Long, or the Greek symbol "lambda", ), sometimes referred to as "meridian". The 0° longitude line (or zero meridian) goes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. Greenwich is a part of London. Then lines are drawn in a similar way; the opposite (or "antipodal") meridian of Greenwich is considered both 180°W(est), and 180°E(ast).

The third number is the height, altitude, or depth. This is given with respect to some fixed (usually easily calculable point). One of these is called mean sea level.

Coordinate systems
Geocodes
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The old Altmark region, included parts of the neighbouring district of Stendal. In the 10th century it was the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire.

In the Late Middle Ages many towns were members of the Hanseatic League.

The modern district was established in 1994 by joining the former districts of Gardelegen, Klötze, Salzwedel and part of Osterburg.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official Website (German)
 Touristical website for the Altmark region (German)
 Drömling Nature Park (German, English)

Government Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Sankt Pauli (or St. Pauli) is a district of Hamburg. About 27,000 people live in St. Pauli. St. Pauli is a district where many people go to have fun. There are theatres, cinemas, and a red-light district (around the Reeperbahn) in St. Pauli. This quarter is called the Kiez. There, there are no closing times imposed for shops and restaurants. Most of St. Pauli is different, though. In the St. Pauli quarter of Hamburg based an important German football club (Fußball-Club St. Pauli).

References

Hamburg
Anhalt-Bitterfeld is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its capital is Köthen.

History 
This district was established by putting together the former districts of Bitterfeld, Köthen and a large part of Anhalt-Zerbst as part of the Saxony-Anhalt border reforms of 2007.

Towns and municipalities

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
The Reeperbahn is the central street in the district St.Pauli in Hamburg. Parts of it are considered to be a red-light district, but there are also theatres and cinemas near it.

Other websites
 Picture from the Reeperbahn  (in German)

Red light districts
Hamburg
Börde is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The district was formed in the 2007 boundary changes by joining the old districts of Ohrekreis and Bördekreis.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities 
(population 31.12.2006)

Verwaltungsgemeinschaften with municipalities

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
''For other uses of the word "scale" see scale (disambiguation)

In zoology,  a scale is a small, hard plate that grows out of an animal's skin to give it protection.  Fish and reptiles have scales.  

In animals such as  butterflies and moths,  scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing. They are often beautifully coloured.

Animal anatomy
''For other uses of the word "scale" see scale (disambiguation)

Scales are used to measure the weight of an item. To use a scale, the item which needs to be weighed is put on one side of the scale. Then, weight stones are put on the other side. Once the scale balances (that is the indicator between the two scales is in the middle), the correct weight is chosen.

There are also modern scales, where the item is simply put on the scale. Its weight can then be read from an electronic or analogue display. 

Scales can be used to count e.g. screws and other small parts in large quantities. These scales are called counting scales.

Other websites
"The Precious Necklace Regarding Weigh Scales" is an old book from 1780 that was written by an Egyptian writer about scales
"Industrial electronic scales" - Learn more about Industrial electronic scales.

References 

Basic English 850 words
Measuring tools
Burgenlandkreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed by joining the old districts of Burgenlandkreis and Weißenfels as part of the boundary changes of 2007.

On 16 July 2007 the district parliament decided to change the name back to Burgenlandkreis from 1 August 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References
Harz is a rural district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany named after the highland area also called harz. It is home to the highest point in the region: the Brocken.

History 
The district was made by joining the old districts of Halberstadt, Wernigerode and Quedlinburg as well as the city of Falkenstein (from the district of Aschersleben-Staßfurt). This was part of the reform of all districts in 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References
Jerichower Land is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
After World War II the old Prussian districts of Jerichow were changed. Some areas were given to the neighbouring districts of Havelberg, Rathenow, Brandenburg, Loburg and Zerbst. The two districts were also renamed after their chief town. Jerichow became Burg, and Jerichow II became Genthin. In 1952 the district of Burg was split into two parts, Loburg and Burg.

In 1994 the two districts of Burg and Loburg were merged, and took the old name of Jerichow. In 2007, 6 municipalities from the former district of Anhalt-Zerbst (Hobeck, Lohburg, Lübs, Prödel, Rosian and Schweinitz) were added to Jerichower Land.

The name is from a group of tribes of early Slavic. The name is not connected with how the . city of Jericho.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Mansfeld-Südharz is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 

The district was made by joining the old districts of Sangerhausen and Mansfelder Land as part of the boundary changes of 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Saalekreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The district was established by merging the former districts of Merseburg-Querfurt and Saalkreis as part of the boundary changes of 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References
Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The district was made by joining the old districts of Bernburg, Schönebeck and Aschersleben-Staßfurt (except the town Falkenstein) as part of the boundary changes of 2007

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 

 Das Informations-Portal für den Salzlandkreis

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Stendal () is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed in 1994 by joining the old district of Stendal with the districts Osterburg and Havelberg.

Partnerships
The districts has twin town agreements with
, Yarzevo District
, Mažeikiai district
, Vårgårda
, , Lippe

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Wittenberg is a district (Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
In 1994 the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27 municipalities from the former district Anhalt-Zerbst were added to the district of Wittenberg.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities 
Population figures are as at 30 June 2005.

After the resolution of 6 October 2005, as part of municipal reform, the 27 towns and communities of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaften of Coswig and Wörlitzer Winkel, formerly in the Anhalt-Zerbst district, were assigned to Wittenberg district on 1 July 2007.

References

Other websites 
 Official website
STS-122 is the name of the 121st flight of the Space Shuttle, taking seven people into outer space to visit the International Space Station. The flight delivered a module to the space station, called Columbus. The Space Shuttle Atlantis carried the module. The flight started at 19:45 UTC, on 7 February 2008, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The flight ended on 20 February, at 14:07 UTC, when the Shuttle went back to the Kennedy Space Center.

Crew
Seven people were aboard the Space Shuttle. They are; Stephen Frick, who was the Commander, the man in charge of the Space Shuttle, Alan G. Poindexter, who was the Pilot, the man who flied the Shuttle, Leland D. Melvin, Rex J. Walheim, Hans Schlegel and Stanley G. Love, who were there to fit the Columbus onto the space station. Léopold Eyharts was also on board. He lived on the Space Station for a month. Daniel M. Tani, who was on the space station came home aboard the Soyuz spacecraft.

Flight
Flight

Launch 
The flight was originally scheduled to launch, on 6 December 2007. A problem with a part of the fuel tank used to work out how much fuel was left went wrong, which meant the start of the flight had to be delayed. After the same part went wrong in an attempt to start the flight on 9 December, the start of the flight was moved to January 2008, and later to February. The flight started on 7 February 2008. Some people at NASA were worried that bad weather might stop the launch, but the bad weather cleared up in time for a good launch.

Landing 
At 13:00 UTC, a 2-minute-43-second de-orbit (opposite of making an orbit) burn was conducted. Then it entered in the atmosphere at 13:35 UTC. Atlantis touched down on Runway 15 of the Kennedy Space Center at 9:07:10 EST (14:07:10 UTC). The wheels of the orbiter stopped at 09:08:08 EST (14:08:08 UTC).
Mission
The people aboard STS-122 had several jobs to do. The main job was to add the new room, or module, Columbus, to the space station. To do this, a robot arm, called a Remote Manipulator System, or RMS, will be used to lift Columbus out of the Space Shuttle, and move it over to a gap in the side of the space station. Two of the crew will then go outside, and fit parts to the module. Columbus will be used for scientific research.

References

Space Shuttle flights
2008 in the United States
February events
Silverwing is a best-selling novel, written by Kenneth Oppel and published in Simon & Schuster. It follows the journey for a group of silver-haired bats. The tone and artistic honor for bestsellers were compared to Watership Down. The four novels became part of the series. The first book was adapted into an animated television miniseries on Teletoon and Jetix. It was also released on DVD.

Story 
The series has four novels for the series, including the original one, Sunwing, Firewing and Darkwing.
Long ago, the rest of the animals banished the bats for not taking sides in the great war. Years later, the bats often roam outside at night to avoid the sun (the backstory inspired by Aesop's fable). When Shade breaks the law for the colony, the owls destroy their home, forcing the bats to migrate. Shade befriends Marina and learns an echo projection from Zephyr. Shade and Marina meet Goth and Throbb, two cannibal bats (Vampyrum spectrum) who were captured from South America and escaped from the laboratory. After Shade and Marina reunite with the colony, the bats resolve conflicts with the animals. After finding Cassiel, the owls allow the bats to roam outside anytime. Shade's son, Griffin, travels to the underworld, along with his friend Luna. After Shade sacrifices himself to foil the plan of Cama Zotz (a bat god opposing Nocturna), Griffin and Luna return home.

Characters 
Shade Silverwing: A silver-haired bat who uses echo projection.

Marina Brightwing: A red bat living in the island.
Chinook: The son of Plato and Isis.

Frieda: A wise bat making decisions and having a silver band. She later dies in Sunwing.

Ariel: Shade's mother and Cassiel's mate.

Goth: One of the cannibal bats living in the jungle and the servant of Cama Zotz and Nocturna, the goddesses of bats.

Throbb: Goth's brother-in-law who is killed by a thunderstorm in the novel.

Other websites

English-language novels
1997 books
Canadian literature‎
A drive-through or drive-thru is a way of achieving quick service, particularly at restaurants. There are also drive-throughs at other places, such as banks or coffee shops.

Examples
 Alcohol at a drive-through liquor store
 Banking services at a drive-through bank
 Coffee at a drive-through coffee shop
 Dairy products at a drive-through dairy store (notably the Skinner Dairy shops of North-East Florida)
 Drugs at a drive-through pharmacy
 Food or drink at a drive-through restaurant (typically fast food)
 Marriage (primarily at special drive-through marriage chapels in Las Vegas in the United States)

Buildings and structures
The Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) was a spacecraft used by NASA to fly into outer space. It was the first Space Shuttle to fly into space, on April 12, 1981. It broke apart while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, killing all seven people who were on it at the time. The shuttle flew a total of 28 missions. The Columbia was named after a US Navy ship that circumnavigated the world in 1836. It was also the name of the Apollo 11 Lunar Excursion Module.

Cause of destruction 

A piece of insulating foam from the external fuel tank peeled off during the launch 16.0 days earlier and struck the shuttle's left wing.
A hole was punctured in the leading edge of the wing. During the intense heat of re-entry, hot gases entered the interior of the wing, destroying the support structures and causing the rest of the shuttle to break apart.

Crew
Crew

 Commander: Rick D. Husband, a U.S. Air Force colonel and mechanical engineer, who piloted a previous shuttle during the first docking with the International Space Station (STS-96).
 Pilot: William C. McCool, a U.S. Navy commander
 Payload Commander: Michael P. Anderson, a U.S. Air Force lieutenant colonel and physicist who was in charge of the science mission.
 Payload Specialist: Ilan Ramon, a colonel in the Israeli Air Force and the first Israeli astronaut.
 Mission Specialist: Kalpana Chawla, an Indian-born aerospace engineer on her second space mission.
 Mission Specialist: David M. Brown, a U.S. Navy captain trained as an aviator and flight surgeon. Brown worked on a number of scientific experiments.
 Mission Specialist: Laurel Clark, a U.S. Navy captain and flight surgeon. Clark worked on a number of biological experiments.

Missions

References 

Columbia
MADtv was a television show that aired on FOX from October 14, 1995 to May 16, 2009. It is a comedic show where they perform sketches, improv and songs. It is rated TV-14 because of profane language and sexual substances. It was on air for fourteen seasons. It showed at 23:00/22:00 central.

It has been nominated for Emmy Awards, Image Awards and Young Artist Awards.

On November 12, 2008, it was announced that their 14th season is the last season. In July 26, 2016, MADtv come back until September 27, 2016.

References

1990s American comedy television series
Fox television series
English-language television programs
1995 American television series debuts
2016 American television series endings
2000s American comedy television series
2010s American comedy television series
Atlas V is an orbital launch vehicle used by the United Launch Alliance (made of two companies, Boeing and Lockheed Martin) to place satellites into orbit. It is a  rocket  tall, and  wide. It has flown 79 times, since its first flight on August 21, 2002. It was developed from the Atlas (missile). Unlike the Space Shuttle, Atlas V is only used once, with a new rocket being built for each flight.

The rocket is made of the first stage, a Common Core Booster with an RD-180 engine from Russia. Every Atlas V has this as the first stage. The second stage is called Centaur, and has one/two RL-10 engines from Aerojet Rocketdyne. On top is a  wide fairing covering the spacecraft during launch.
Flights 
As of 2023 Atlas V has made 97 flights.  The most famous ones carried the New Horizons, Mars Science Laboratory (which had the Curiosity rover in it), Juno, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS, the Boeing X-37B, the Mars 2020 mission which carried the Perseverance rover and the Mars Helicopter Ingenuity, Boeing's CST-100 Starliner.

Variants
The Atlas V has a special way of naming the different kinds. The Atlas V nomenclature for numbering the variants goes like this: The first number says how wide the fairing is. A 400 series Atlas V has a 4-meter wide fairing. A 500 series Atlas V has a 5-meter wide fairing. An Atlas V N22 have no fairing since it will be the launch configuration for the Boeing's CST-100 Starliner. second number says how many strap-on solid rocket boosters the rocket has. An Atlas V 501 has no strap-on boosters, an Atlas V 441 has 4 strap-on boosters, while the Atlas V N22 has two strap-on boosters, which will be the Boeing Starliner launch configuration. The last number says how many engines the Centaur second stage has. All of the Atlas V rockets flown have had only 1 engine on the Centaur, but in the future other Atlas V rockets will have 2 engines on the Centaur upper stage, such as the Atlas V N22 that I frequently mentioned in this article
. There is also the HLV which has two of the first stage (Common Core Booster) strapped on like strap-on boosters, but it has never flown.
Related pages 
 Juno
 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
 Mars Science Laboratory
 NASA
 New Horizons

References 

Rockets
Barnim is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

History 
The district was made in 1993 by joining the old districts of Bernau and Eberswalde.

The district is in the same place as the area of forest where noblemen started hunting in the 13th century, but is smaller than the old region.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website (German)
Dahme-Spreewald is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

History 
The Spreewald region has always been a centre of Sorbian culture.

When the state of Brandenburg was newly founded in 1990, the districts of Lübben, Luckau and Königs Wusterhausen were formed. In 1993 the three districts were merged.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  
 Spreewald touristical website 
 Spreewald Biosphere Reserve 

Rural Districts of Brandenburg
Elbe-Elster is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

History
The district was established in 1993 by merging the former districts (Kreise) of Finsterwalde, Bad Liebenwerda and Herzberg.

Geography
The district is named after two rivers: The Elbe river forms the western border with Saxony. The Schwarze Elster ("Black Elster") is a tributary of the Elbe and runs through the district. The district is part of the Lusatia region. The fens along the Black Elster are a habitat of several rare animals, like kingfishers, beavers and otters.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official Website 
 Touristic website 

Rural Districts of Brandenburg
Jennifer Kate Hudson (born September 12, 1981 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American Academy and Grammy Award-winning singer and actress. She gained fame on American Idol. She is the most successful American Idol contestant who did not win. 

She went on to star as Effie White in the 2006 motion picture musical Dreamgirls. Her awards include an Oscar, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and a SAG Award. She is native to Chicago, Illinois. Hudson is married to WWE professional wrestler, David Otunga.

Hudson worked as a coach on the UK and US versions of The Voice from 2017 to 2019, becoming the first female coach to win The Voice UK.

In 2020, she starred as Aretha Franklin in Respect.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1981 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
African American actors
African American musicians
American movie actors
American R&B singers
American soul musicians
American stage actors
Singer-songwriters from Chicago
Models from Chicago
American Idol contestants
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Heinrich Sutermeister (born Feuerthalen, 12 August, 1910 – died Vaux-sur-Morges, 16 March, 1995) was a Swiss composer.

When he was young he was a student at the main music school in Munich, Germany, where the famous German composer Carl Orff was his teacher. Orff strongly influenced his music. Later he returned to Switzerland, where he lived as a composer.

His most important works are Romeo und Julia and Die Schwarze Witwe (The Black Widow). Romeo und Julia has been played the first time in Dresden in 1940, under the famous conductor Karl Böhm. During the following years Sutermeister made operas for the radio and television.
Works 
 Max und Moritz, ballet after Wilhelm Busch
 Die schwarze Spinne, 'Funkoper' after Jeremias Gotthelf, 1936
 Romeo und Julia, opera after William Shakespeare, 1940
 Die Zauberinsel, opera after Shakespeare, 1942
 1. Piano Concerto, 1943
 Niobe, 'Monodram', 1946
 Capriccio for unaccompanied Clarinet in A,1946
 Raskolnikoff, opera after Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1948
 Die Alpen, fantasy on Swiss folksongs, 1948
 Der rote Stiefel, opera, 1951
 2. Piano Concerto, 1953
 Missa da Requiem, 1953
 1. Cello Concerto, 1954-55
 Titus Feuerfuchs oder Die Liebe, Tücke und Perücke, opera, 1958
 3. Piano Concerto, 1961-62
 Das Gespenst von Canterville, play with music for television after Oscar Wilde, 1962-63
 Poème funèbre - En mémoire de Paul Hindemith for string orchestra, 1965
 Omnia ad Unum, cantata, 1965-66
 Madame Bovary, opera after Gustave Flaubert, 1967
 2. Cello Concerto, 1971
 Te Deum, 1975
 Clarinet Concerto, 1975-76
 Consolatio philosophiae, 'Scène dramatique', 1979
Other websites
 Composers Schott-Music: Heinrich Sutermeister 

1910 births
1995 deaths
Swiss composers
20th-century composers
People from the canton of Zürich
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (21 March 1768 – 30 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist. He is best known for starting the investigation of Fourier series. He used them for work on problems of heat flow. Fourier also helped the discovery of the greenhouse effect, by  suggesting the atmosphere might act as an insulator.

Life 
Fourier was born at Auxerre as the son of a tailor.  He lost both his parents at the age of 9. He then went on to study at the Convent of St Mark.

He joined the military academy in Auxerre. Aged sixteen, he became a teacher. At age 26, he entered the École normale supérieure in Paris. People like Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Gaspard Monge, and Pierre-Simon de Laplace were among his teachers.

He took part in the French Revolution of 1789. During the Reign of Terror he was almost executed at the guillotine, but the death of Robespierre saved him this fate. He later took part in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.
Later, as a diplomat, he is put in charge of the scientific background of the Institut d'Égypte. On his return, Napoleon put him in charge of the Isère department.

In 1810, Fourier created the university in Grenoble, and becomes its first head. In 1817, Fourier became a Member of the Académie des Sciences. On the death of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre in 1822 he became head of the mathematics section. In 1826, Fourier was elected to the Académie française.

References

Other websites

1768 births
1830 deaths
French academics
French mathematicians
Members of the Académie française
People from Auxerre
French theoretical physicists
A file server is a computer joined to a web network or to a home network, and that can store many files in the server's hard disk(s).

Characteristics 
The file server can be a normal computer, or a Network Attached Storage, which is a special computer created to only be a file server. Often people recycle their old computer and they modify it to become a file server which can hold photos, songs, films, and backups. Sometimes web servers that are "hand made" are used as a media center, people put things on the file server (for example movies) and then watch (or use) the things on the file server, often on a Television (like how a DVD player works).

Related pages
Server

Computer terminology
Adliswil is a municipality of the district Horgen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Horgen
Cities in Switzerland
Aesch is a municipality of the district Dietikon in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Aesch Online Official website 

Municipalities in Dietikon
Aeugst am Albis is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities in Affoltern
Affoltern am Albis is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Affoltern
Cities in Switzerland
Gino Severini (7 April 1883 – 26 February 1966), was an Italian painter. He was a founding member of the Futurist movement. 

As a young man, he was introduced to Impressionism. This is a type of painting that was popular in the late 1800s. In the early 1900s, he became interested in Cubism. In the 1920s, he started to paint more traditionally and painted a few murals in Switzerland. In the 1940s, he started painting more abstractly again. He died in 1966 in Paris.

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

Italian painters

1883 births
1966 deaths
Impressionism is a style of painting which began in France in the late 19th century. Impressionist painting shows life-like subjects painted in a broad, rapid style, with brushstrokes that are easily seen and colours that are often bright. The term 'impressionism' comes from a painting by Claude Monet, which he showed in an exhibition with the name Impression, soleil levant ("Impression, Sunrise"). An art critic called Louis Leroy saw the exhibition and wrote a review in which he said that all the paintings were just "impressions". 

Impressionist painters are mostly known for their work in oil paint on canvas. Some impressionist painters also made watercolours and prints. There is also some impressionist sculpture.

History
History 

In the 19th century, most artists learned to paint by attending an art school or academy. The academies were very strict about the way that young artists learnt to paint. The popular style of painting was called classicism. Classical paintings were always done inside a studio. They often showed stories from mythology. An artist would prepare for a painting by doing lots of drawings. The paintings were very smoothly and carefully painted.
Every year the academy in Paris would hold a big exhibition (art show) called the Salon de Paris. In 1863 an artist called Edouard Manet put a picture into the show called Lunch on the Grass ("Le déjeuner sur l'herbe"). The judges at the Salon refused to hang this work in the gallery because it showed a naked woman sitting on the grass with two men wearing clothes. If the painting had been about Ancient Greek mythology, this would not be a problem but these men were wearing ordinary suits, and the woman's dress and hat were lying on the grass. Perhaps she was a prostitute! The judges said that the painting was indecent (very rude). Monet and his friends also had their paintings turned away. They were angry and they met with Manet to discuss this. The Emperor Napoleon III gave permission for another exhibition called the Salon des Refusés which showed all the pictures that had been "refused"
. Many people went to see this exhibition and soon discovered that there was a new "movement" in art, quite different from the style that they were used to.
In 1872 Monet and his friends formed a society called the "Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers". They began to organize their own art show. In 1874 thirty artists held their first exhibition. The critic Louis Leroy made fun of their work and wrote an article called The Exhibition of the Impressionists. The public who came to the exhibition also began to use this name. The painters themselves soon started to use the name "Impressionists" and they have been called by that name ever since. They had eight exhibitions between 1874 and 1886. They paid a dealer called Paul Durand-Ruel to organise exhibitions, and he arranged shows in London and New York. Bit by bit, their paintings became popular. Some of the Impressionists, Monet and Renoir, lived to be old and famous, but others died very poor