Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The first electronic version of the dictionary was done in 1988. The online version has been available since 2000, and as of April 2014 was receiving over two million hits per month. The third edition of the dictionary will probably only appear in electronic form; Nigel Portwood, chief executive of Oxford University Press, feels it unlikely that it will ever be printed.

References

Other websites
 

Dictionaries
Sir Thomas Beecham (born St Helens, Lancashire, 29 April 1879; died London, 8 March 1961) was an English conductor. He was one of the most famous conductors of his time. He came from a very rich family and was able to use his money to pay orchestras that he formed. He formed the London Philharmonic Orchestra and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He was especially well known for conducting the music of Mozart as well as that of his friend Delius.

He often made funny jokes and many amusing stories are told about things that he said.

Early life 
Beecham was born in 1879 in St. Helens, Lancashire in the north of England. Beecham was self-taught as a conductor. He had some private composition lessons from Charles Wood in London and Moszkowski in Paris. Beecham’s father, Sir Joseph Beecham, had made a lot of money making medicines (the famous Beecham pills) and he also liked music, so he was able to help his son in his career as a musician.
Thomas was only 20 years old when his father was reinstated as mayor of St. Helens. To celebrate this, his father paid for the Hallé Orchestra to give a concert. It was going to be conducted by the famous German conductor Hans Richter. However, a few days before the concert it was announced that Richter was ill. Thomas immediately said he would conduct the concert. The orchestra at first refused to play for a 20 year old who had only once ever conducted a concert, but in the end they changed their minds and the concert was a great success.

Early career 

In 1909 Thomas got a group of musicians together to form the Beecham Symphony Orchestra. They gave concerts and played for ballets and operas. Beecham conducted operas in Covent Garden and other London opera houses. He conducted works by composers such as Strauss, Delius, Smythe and Holbrooke. He also played for Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes when they first came to England.
During World War I he gave money to the Halle Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra and the Royal Philharmonic Society, all of which he conducted. He often conducted these orchestras outside London, giving people the chance to hear music they had never heard before.

For several years he had money problems and did not conduct much. Then, in 1932, he formed the London Philharmonic Orchestra and quickly made it into an excellent orchestra. They toured Germany in 1936 and the next year went to Paris. During the 1930s he conducted at Covent Garden where he had control of everything that went on. He conducted several cycles of Wagner’s Ring. When World War II started in 1939 the theatre was closed. He went to the United States where he conducted several orchestras including the New York Philharmonic. He also went to Australia.

Later career
Later career 

In 1944 he returned to Britain. His orchestra, the London Philharmonic Orchestra, were now a self-governing body (the members themselves made decisions about what the orchestra should do and play). They decided that they did not want Beecham because he would want to have power to rule the orchestra in the way he wanted. So Beecham formed another orchestra: the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He gave many concerts, toured with them and made many great recordings. He was especially known for his concerts of Joseph Haydn and Mozart. He also conducted Die Meistersinger at Covent Garden in 1951 as well as appearing at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires in 1958. The last concert he gave was on 7 May 1960 when he conducted the RPO in Portsmouth.
His fame 
Beecham was an enormously talented musician. Because he had a lot of money he did not need to go through the musical education that most other musicians have. He formed his own life, and spent a lot of his energy as well as money creating the right conditions for musicians to work in, conditions that would have been normal in many other European countries, but which were not normal at the time in England.

He was not interested in the music of Bach, though he did conduct Handel. He was famous for his Mozart performances, and particularly enjoyed playing Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Bizet and Dvořák. He was one of the first people in England to conduct the new music of Richard Strauss and Sibelius. He was a close friend of Delius and performed his music as well as editing it so that it could be published.

There are many stories about the witty things that he said. He was knighted in 1916.

Famous quotations
Famous quotations 

A lady told Beecham that she wanted her son to learn to play a musical instrument but did not want to hear the awful sound it made when he was beginning to learn. She asked him what instrument he should learn. Beecham said he should learn the bagpipes because “they sound exactly the same when you have finished learning them as when you start learning them”.

Beecham was rehearsing a very long opera by Wagner. They had been rehearsing for a long time. Beecham took out his watch and said: “My God! We have been playing for two hours and we are still playing this bloody tune!”

Beecham was rehearsing an opera by an English composer. The composer was at the rehearsal, and kept stopping the orchestra and asking Beecham to play it differently. Each time Beecham turned back to the orchestra and said: “The same again, gentlemen, please”.
Beecham once met a lady he knew, but could not remember who she was. He asked her whether she was well.
"Oh, very well, but my brother has been rather ill lately", she said.
"Ah, yes, your brother. I'm sorry to hear that. And, er, what is your brother doing at the moment?"
"Well... he's still King", replied Princess Mary.

References 

 The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians; edited Stanley Sadie; 1980; 

British conductors
1879 births
1961 deaths
Grammy Award winners
The Teatro Colón (Spanish) (Columbus Theatre) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is one of the world's best known opera houses. 
In 2006 the theatre was closed so that work could be done to improve the inside of the building.  It reopened in 2010

There had been a theatre there in the middle of the 19th century.  The present building was opened in 1908.  The auditorium is horseshoe-shaped and has 2,487 seats.  The acoustics of the building are very good.  It is in the middle of Buenos Aires.

Many world famous conductors, composers and singers have appeared at the theatre.

Opera houses
Buildings and structures in Buenos Aires
19th-century establishments in Argentina
Bim Bum Bam, (1982-2003), was an Italian children's and teens' television programme.

Bim Bum Bam was produced by Alessandra Valeri Manera and created by Paolo Bonolis and Giancarlo Muratori.

Mascotte 
Uan, the pink dog
Ambrogio, the lion
Cartoons/Anime
I Puffi (The Smurfs) (1982; 1993)
Kiss me Licia (1985; 1998; 2002)
Carletto il principe dei mostri (Kaibutsu-kun) (1983)
C'era una volta... Pollon (Poron)
L'incantevole Creamy (1985; 1995; 2001)
Snorky (Snorks) (1986)
Foofur Superstar (Foofur) (1987; 1996-97)
Teodoro e l'invenzione che non va (Wowser) (1989)
Cristoforo Colombo (1992)
Conte Dacula (Count Duckula) (1989)
Bentornato Topo Gigio (1992)
Calimero (1995)
Sailor Moon (1995-2000)
T-Rex (1994-95)
James Bond Junior (1994-95)
Mighty Max (1995)
L'ispettore Gadget (Inspector Gadget) (1994-95)
Tartarughe Ninja alla riscossa (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)) (1994-95)
The Real Ghostbusters (1994-95)
Widget, un alieno per amico (Widget The World Watcher) (1993; 1996)
The Mask: The Animated Series (1996-97)
Scuola di polizia (Police Academy: The Animated Series) (1996; 2001)
La fabbrica dei mostri (Creepy Crawlers)
Iznogoud - Chi la fa l'aspetti (Iznogoud) (1996-97)
Mr. Magoo (1996-97)
Alf (1996-97)
Alf (1996-97)
Robinson Bignè (Robinson Sucroe) (1996-97)
Ace Ventura (two episodes) (1996-97)
Casper (1998)
Sale e Pepe (Les Jules) (1998)
Pippi Calzelunghe (1998)
Braccio di Ferro (Popeye) (1999)
I gemelli del destino (Destiny Twins) (1999)
Alvin Show (Alvin and the Chipmunks) (1999)
Beethoven (Beethoven) (2000)
Pokemon (2000-2002)
Card Captor Sakura (1998-2000)
1982 television series debuts
Italian television
Aisin-Giro Puyi or Emperor Puyi (, February 7, 1906–October 17, 1967) was the last Emperor of China. He was crowned emperor in 1908 at the age of three.  His era name as Qing emperor, "Xuantong", means "proclamation of unity".  On February 12, 1912, during the Xinhai Revolution, he was forced to abdicate.  He later became the ruler of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo during World War II. He married five times but never had any children. His father was Zaifeng Prince Chun II. He never knew his mother and was raised by eunuchs. 

When he was two years old, in 1908,  he became the Xuantong Emperor (then spelled as Hsuan Tung Emperor).  At the age of six, he was overthrown by Sun Yat-sen in the 1911 Revolution.  He was forced to give up all political power, but he was allowed to keep his title, his servants, and everything he owned in the Forbidden City.  In turn, he had to pay the Republic of China 4 million taels a year and was never allowed to leave the Forbidden City.
In 1919, Pu-yi appointed a British tutor named Reginald Johnston.  It was through him that the young emperor developed a fascination with the Western world, so he began to adopt aspects of the West for himself. He learned how to ride a bicycle, he cut off his own Manchu queue, he even began to wear glasses. 

After Pu-yi was married to his first wife, he discovered that many of the palace's treasures were getting stolen. Believing that it was his eunuchs who were stealing his treasures, he demanded that they make an inventory to stop the treasury from getting robbed.  On the June 27, 1923, a fire destroyed the area around the Palace of Established Happiness. He accused the eunuchs of burning the treasury to destroy any proof of their theft. He also overheard some eunuchs' conversation that made him fear for his life. In response, he banished all the eunuchs from the palace.
In 1925, warlord Feng Yuxiang forced the emperor to leave the Forbidden City. Pu-yi then asked his tutor Johnston to go to the British embassy and ask them to let the emperor to move to England. Unfortunately, the embassy refused his request. He then called the Japanese embassy and they agreed to escort him out of Beijing and move him to Tianjin. After the Japanese took over Manchuria in 1932, they made Pu-yi the Emperor of their new puppet state, Manchukuo. Despite being emperor, he practically had no power, but he was constantly manipulated, threatened, and blackmailed by the Japanese government. Once again, the emperor found himself to be a prisoner in his own palace in the Manchukuo capital city of Changchun. Chinese media and writers accused the Japanese and collaborators like Puyi of being homosexuals as an insult.
After the Soviet Red Army invaded Manchuria in 1945, they captured Pu-yi when they invaded Changchun. After the CCP took over China in 1949, the Soviets agreed to hand Pu-yi over to China. For the next ten years, the former emperor was in a prison camp in Liaoning. After the prison guards said that he was reformed, he was freed from prison and was moved back to Beijing. He spent the rest of his life there as a common citizen. He worked as a gardener and then an editor. He earned 100 yuan a month. When he returned to the Forbidden City (which was made into the Imperial Palace Museum), he had to buy a ticket to enter. He thought that it was ironic that he had to buy a ticket just to visit his former home.

Notes

References 

1906 births
1967 deaths
Emperors of Qing Dynasty
20th century in China
"Lithium" is a song by the American grunge band Nirvana which featured on their second album Nevermind. Kurt Cobain wrote the song. He said the song is about a man who became religious after his girlfriend died.

Nirvana (band) songs
1992 songs
Endocrinology studies the working of the endocrine system and hormones.

It is the science of the endocrine system and hormones in a wide range of animals. Endocrinology is also a medical specialty. This means that when a doctor finishes studying medicine in general, they can choose endocrinology as the part of medicine they work in.

The endocrine system consists of several glands in different parts of the body. They secrete hormones directly into the blood. Hormones have many different functions and modes of action.

Hormones are active in metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction, and perception. Another field is behavioral endocrinology.
Medical aspects 
Medical understanding of hormones began in the 19th century with Graves' disease, caused by a swelling of the thyroid gland. Since the mid-19th century many medical conditions have been found caused by hormone imbalance, that is, too much or too little of a hormone.

An endocrinologist can help people who have diseases related to their endocrine system. Diseases that an endocrinologist would treat include:
 diabetes mellitus
 hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
 Cushing's syndrome
These are just examples; there are many other endocrine diseases.

An endocrinologist can find out if a person has one of these diseases by doing tests. They can test a person's blood to find out if they have too much or too little of a hormone. An example of this is Type 1 diabetes. People who have Type 1 diabetes do not have enough of a hormone called insulin. Endocrinologists usually do not treat patients directly, but give advice to physicians about what how patients might be helped.
Endocrine disorders fall into three groups: 
 too little hormone: hormone deficiency
 too much of a hormone: hormone excess
 tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Most medical applications concern the lack of balance between hormones, and sometimes the complete lack of a necessary hormone. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.

Helping transgender people 
Endocrinologists can advise on hormone treatment for transgender persons. A transgender person might want their body to look different so that they look more like their chosen gender. For example, a transgender woman might want less facial hair so that she looks less like a man to other people.

Related pages 
The main pages which explain endocrinology are:

Endocrine system
Hormone

References
In histology, adipose tissue or body fat or just fat is a tissue made up of cells called adipocytes. They store nutrients called fats in fat cells. Adipose tissue produce different compounds which are called adipokines. They include leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta and others.

References 

Animal tissues
Lipids
The Flying Spaghetti Monster is the god of Pastafarianism. It is often seen as a parody religion and thus has become popular with people opposed to the idea that God or gods created the world. Followers of the Flying Spaghetti Monster are sometimes called Pastafarians. The multiverse theory has suggested that what began as a spoof has become potentially real in the infinite universes and their countless creatures with at least some matching the general description of the FSM. Bobby Henderson first described the Flying Spaghetti Monster in 2005 in a letter to the Kansas State Board of Education. Henderson wrote the letter to protest rules about teaching intelligent design in public schools. The Board of Education required teachers to teach intelligent design.
The Church's website (spaghettimonster.org) contains several sighting of 'His Noodlieness', multiple propaganda resources and an ordination package available for $49. This package contains a paper certificate of ordination, a black/silverresin wallet card and two vinyl car decals. The package also comes with free shipping. As the church states, 'Great. Consider yourself a member.  You’ll notice there’s no hoops to jump through. You don’t need to pay anything.'

Photos

Related pages
 Evolution
 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District

Official church of the flying spaghetti monster

Gods and goddesses
Internet
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A is a football league in Brazil.

Clubs 2021
 América Mineiro
 Atlético Mineiro
 Atlético Paranaense
 Bahia
 Chapecoense
 Corinthians
 Cuiabá
 Juventude
 Red Bull Bragantino
 Flamengo
 Fluminense
 Grêmio
 Internacional
 Palmeiras
 Fortaleza
 Ceará
 Santos
 São Paulo
 Sport
 Atlético Goianiense

Champions

Titles by Clubs

Related pages
 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C

 
1959 establishments
1950s establishments in Brazil
Sand plantain (Plantago afra), It is generally described as an annual forb. It has two seeds, reddish-brown, narrow-elliptic, shining, 2–3 mm long.It is native to Malta and Mediterranean regions, Afghanistan to Pakistan.
.

References

Other websites 

Vervolg ob de Avbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen 
Sarihan E. et al. 2005. Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from International   Journal of Agriculture & Biology 7,879–881 

Plantaginaceae
The Real Ghostbusters is an American animated television series based on the 1984 movie Ghostbusters. The series ran from 1986 to 1991, and was produced by Camme Animation Studios, DiC Entertainment and Coca-Cola Telecommunications. "The Real" was added to the title over a dispute with Filmation and its Ghost Busters properties. The series continues the adventures of paranormal investigators Dr. Peter Venkman, Dr. Egon Spengler, Winston Zeddemore, Dr. Ray Stantz, their secretary Janine Melnitz and their mascot ghost Slimer.

Cast 
 Peter Venkman - Lorenzo Music (seasons 1-2), Dave Coulier (seasons 3-7)
 Egon Spengler - Maurice LaMarche
 Ray Stantz, Slimer - Frank Welker
 Winston Zeddemore - Arsenio Hall (seasons 1-3), Buster Jones (seasons 4-7) Winston's last name was alternately spelled "Zeddemore", as in the movies, and Zeddmore.
 Janine Melnitz - Laura Summer (seasons 1-2), Kath Soucie (seasons 3-7)
 Louis Tully - Rodger Bumpass (seasons 5-6)
Broadcast 
The show originally aired on ABC for its full run, except for the third season which ran on syndication at the same time as the second season ran on ABC. Later, reruns of the show appeared on USA Network, Fox Family before moving to Nickelodeon from 1996 to 1999 and on Cartoon Network in 2002. Teletoon aired episodes of the series in the month of October beginning in 1998, but has not done so in recent years.

Spin-offs
Spin-offs

Slimer! 
At the start of the third season in 1988, with the series renaming, it was given an hour long time slot. In addition to the regular thirty-minute Real Ghostbusters episode, a half-hour Slimer sub-series was added that included 2-3 short animated segments focusing on the character Slimer. At the end of its six season run, 147 episodes had aired, including the syndicated episodes and 13 episodes of Slimer, with multiple episodes airing out of production order. The segments added several characters as friends of Slimer, including the character Professor Norman Dweeb—mad scientist accompanied by a poodle named Elizabeth who wanted to capture Slimer to experiment on him. The Professor Dweeb also made infrequent appearances in the main series. One of the ghosts from the Slimer cartoons, the Sleaze, also reappeared in The Real Ghostbusters to be captured a second time.
Extreme Ghostbusters 
In 1997, a sequel cartoon entitled Extreme Ghostbusters, was created by Columbia TriStar Television and Adelaide Productions. It premiered on September 1, 1997 and ran for forty episodes until its conclusion on December 8, 1997. Set several years after the end of The Real Ghostbusters, the series opened by saying the team has disbanded due to a lack of supernatural activity. Only Egon remains in the firehouse, along with Slimer, to care for the containment system and teaching classes at a local university. When supernatural events begin occurring in New York, Egon recruits four of his university students as a new team of Ghostbusters, and Janine, also one of Egon's students, returns to manage the office. The original Ghostbusters return for the series two-episode finale to celebrate Egon's 40th birthday, leading to them reluctantly working together with the younger generation to solve one last case.

References 

Animated television series
English-language television programs
Messianic Judaism is a movement of Jews who believe that Jesus (called by them with his Hebrew name Yeshua) is the Jewish Messiah, and who perform this belief in a Jewish way (observing the regulations of the Torah etc.). They are called Messianic Jews. The main branches of Judaism do not consider Messianic Judaism to be Judaism, but rather a form of Christianity, because Judaism rejects Jesus/Yeshua as the Jewish Messiah.

References

New religious movements
Jewish denominations
Christian movements and denominational families
Sir Malcolm Sargent (born Ashford, Kent, 29 April 1895; died London 3 October 1967) was an English conductor, organist and composer.  He was an extremely famous and popular conductor who had a lot of influence on music in England during his life.  He conducted many choirs, both amateur and professional, as well as orchestras.  He was the main conductor of the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts from 1948 to 1967.  He made the Last Night of the Proms into a very popular and joyful concert which today is enjoyed by millions of people worldwide on television.  He conducted the music of many British composers, helping them to become known to a wide public.

Life
Life

Early years
Sargent was born in 1895 into a working-class family.  His father was a coal merchant at Stamford, Lincolnshire, who also played the organ.  Sargent grew up in Stamford and became involved in a lot of amateur music making.  He learned a lot about music from singing in church and playing the organ.  He took his ARCO organ diploma when he was only 16 and became an organ pupil at Peterborough Cathedral.  At 18 he got a job as organist at Melton Mowbray church.  In the same year he got a music degree from the University of Durham.
After conducting local choirs and orchestras he got the opportunity to conduct his own composition Impressions on a Windy Day with Henry Wood’s Queen’s Hall Orchestra, first at Leicester and then at the Proms in the Queen's Hall.  Wood encouraged him in his conducting.  He started to teach at the Royal College of Music and moved to London.  He conducted the Robert Mayer children’s concerts and the Courtauld-Sargent concerts, a series which was aimed at people who had never been to concerts.  He conducted for Sergei Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes and, in 1928 he became conductor of the Royal Choral Society, a job which he kept until his death.

Illness, and mid career
In 1932 he was very ill with tuberculosis, but he recovered during the next few years.  He often conducted the London Philharmonic Orchestra which had been formed in 1932 by Thomas Beecham.   He did not often conduct opera, but he did conduct at the Royal Opera House: in 1936 with Gustave Charpentier's opera Louise in 1936 and in 1954 the first performance of Walton's Troilus and Cressida.

As an orchestra conductor Sargent was not always popular.  He made many enemies with a remark he made in 1936 when he said that orchestral musicians should not have a secure “job for life” but should give their “lifeblood with every bar they played”.  Sargent had only just recovered from a long illness himself, during which time the musicians had given him support, so they were very annoyed when he said this.
He was very popular in Australia and nearly took a job there, but when World War II started he decided he should work in his own country.  During the war, Sargent conducted the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester (1939-42) and the Liverpool Philharmonic (1942-48) and became a popular radio broadcaster with the BBC.  He helped the British people to keep their spirits up during the war by touring and giving many concerts and not asking for much money.  During one concert he was playing Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 when there was an air raid.  Sargent stopped the orchestra, calmed the audience by saying they were safer inside the hall than they would be outside, and started to conduct again.  The orchestra played extremely well that night.   In May 1941 Sargent conducted Elgar's Dream of Gerontius in an afternoon concert in the Queen's Hall.  That night the Queen’s Hall was completely destroyed by a bomb.
In 1945, Arturo Toscanini invited Sargent to conduct the NBC Symphony Orchestra.  He gave four concerts, in which he included mostly British music.

The Proms and later years
Sargent was chief conductor of the Proms from 1948 until his death in 1967.  In 1950 he followed Sir Adrian Boult as conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra.  He held that job until 1957 when he became Chief Guest Conductor.  Everywhere that Sargent took the orchestra the audience were wild with excitement.  The orchestra became internationally famous.

Sargent was a very popular person at the Proms.  He made the Last Night (the last concert of each season) into an exciting celebration in which the audience waved flags and joined together to sing, hum and clap.  He conducted music by famous classical composers as well as British music by more recent composers.  However, he did not conduct modern experimental music.
During his time at the Proms foreign conductors such as Carlo Maria Giulini, Georg Solti, Leopold Stokowski, Rudolf Kempe, Pierre Boulez and Bernard Haitink were invited to perform.  There were also some foreign orchestras.

When the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra nearly had to come to an end after Beecham's death in 1961, Sargent worked hard to save the orchestra.  A lot of the players, who still remembered the remark he made in 1936, started to support him again.

By the mid-1960s Sargent was suffering from cancer.  He was too ill to conduct the Proms in 1967, but on 16 September, at the Last Night, to everyone’s astonishment, he appeared at the end of the concert to talk to his audience.  He gave his baton to Colin Davis who took over his job.  Sargent looked very ill, and died two weeks later.

Achievement and reputation
Sargent received many honours.   He was knighted in 1947 and received the Royal Philharmonic Society gold medal in 1959.   His nickname was “Flash Harry” because he always dressed and behaved in a flashy style.  He was often known as “Britain’s ambassador of music”, because he often toured all over the world with his orchestras, conducting British music, especially the works of Elgar, Vaughan Williams, Holst and Walton.  If the professional musicians he worked with did not always like him, his audiences loved him and he was especially fond of the Promenaders.  At his memorial service in Westminster Abbey the whole of the nave was reserved for Promenade Season Ticket holders

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980; 

1895 births
1967 deaths
British conductors
Gilbert and Sullivan
The playoffs, postseason, or finals are a series of games played after the regular season of a particular sports league. They are played by the most successful teams of the season. It is used to determine the season's champion. The teams that play in the playoffs are the ones with the most wins or points during the regular season. 

Playoffs are usually, but not always, done with a single-elimination system.

Sports words
Lars is a male name. It is usually used in Scandinavian countries and Germany. The pronunciation of the name is [ lahrz; Swedish, Norwegian lahrs ]. The name Lars is derived from the Old Norse name "Laurentius," which means "crowned with laurel." This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

People 
 Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark
 Lars Ulrich, Danish musician

Given names

 Lars Onsager, American physical chemist and theoretical physicist (1903-1976)
 Lars Vilks, Swedish artist
 Lars Ahlfors, Finnish mathematician (1907-1996)
 Lars Ulrich, Danish drummer

References
Boyce and Hart were a musical and songwriting duo, who worked together in the 1960s and 1970s. Tommy Boyce (born Sidney Thomas Boyce in 1939 and died in 1994) and Bobby Hart (born Robert Luke Harshman in 1939) wrote and produced hit records for The Monkees ("Last Train to Clarksville", "Valleri"), Jay and the Americans ("Come a Little Bit Closer"), Chubby Checker ("Lazy Elsie Molly"), and for themselves, with "I Wonder What She's Doing Tonight" and other songs.

Their biggest success was with the Monkees, as writers, producers and performers. Many of the early Monkees recordings featured Boyce and Hart's band, the Candy Store Prophets, before the Monkees were even selected from auditions. When the Monkees themselves took charge of their recordings, they still recorded Boyce and Hart's songs, and praised the duo to the public.
Ten years after the Monkees's heyday, two former members, Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones, teamed up with Boyce and Hart, touring and performing the band's hits. They also issued a new album on Capitol Records.

American boy bands
Musical groups from Virginia
Janesville is a city in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. It is the county seat of Rock County.  59,498 people were living in Janesville as of the 2000 census.  Janesville has an area of 48.1 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

The first settlers arrived in Janesville in 1835. It incorporated as a city in 1835

References

Other websites
City of Janesville

Cities in Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
1835 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Michigan Territory
Malcolm Gladwell (born September 3, 1963) is a British-Canadian journalist, author, and pop sociologist, living in New York City. He has written for The New Yorker since 1996. He is well known as the author of the books, The Tipping Point (2000), Blink (2005), and Outliers (2008).

Gladwell was born in Fareham, Hampshire to a Jamaican mother and English father. He moved to Elmira, Ontario at age six.

References

Other websites 
 Personal website
 TED Talks: Malcolm Gladwell on spaghetti sauce at TED in 2004
 Malcolm Gladwell's New Yorker bio

1963 births
Living people
Canadian journalists
Writers from Hampshire
Writers from Ontario
Podcasters
Rosoideae is a subfamily of plants in the rose  family Rosaceae. These plants may be small trees, shrubs, or plants without wood. Many useful plants are in Rosoideae. Strawberries and Raspberries are two common fruits from Rosoideae. Roses are common flowers in Rosoideae.

Other websites

Botany at Hawaii U

Rosaceae
First Leicester is the trading name of Leicester Citybus Ltd., a bus company owned by the First Group. It runs buses in the city of Leicester England.

Depot
In 2007,a new depot opened on Abbey Lane replacing the former premises on Abbey Park Road which go back to the company's municipal heritage. This site is now derelict pending redevelopment as apartments.

Other websites
 First Leicester website
 First Leicester network map
 Star Trak  - Real-Time bus information
 The Leicester Transport Heritage Trust

British bus companies
Dappy was born in Camden Town, London. It is said that he grew up in a small council flat with his parents and older brother. He actually lived in a large townhouse because his father was a member of 1970s band Mungo Jerry. In an interview he gave to The Sun, he said that the estate he lived on was "rough and lots of the kids I saw got into drugs or fights". Dappy showed interest in music from a young age. He started performing around Camden Town at the age of 13 years old. He performed with band members Richard "Fazer" Rawson and Tula "Tulisa" Contostavlos, who is his cousin. At the time they were called the "Lickle Rinsers Crew". Contostavlos and his band-mates studied at Haverstock School. Contostavlos was forced to leave the school when he was 15, for multiple truancies and fighting. He later went back to study at college and received a GCSE A* in English. His father, Byron was, to Dappy, the "inspiration behind the band"
. With the money he made from his time in the band, Bryon set up a small studio for the band. When Byron died, the song N-Dubz wrote "Papa (Can You Hear Me?)" was played at his funeral. It  became the group's best hit at #19, and at #17 in the download charts. Dappy later had the words "RIP Dad" tattooed on his neck. He refers to his dad as "B" or "Uncle B".
He is a housemate in the 2014 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK).

Personal life 
N-Dubz were forced to change some of their live shows from the Uncle B tour after Dappy got temporary deafness.  He later said that it "was terrible and it has really taught me to take better care of my ears because I wouldn't be the musician I am today if I couldn't hear."
In 2007 Dappy released Love For My Slum with fellow UK rap artist Baker Trouble. It was number one on Channel U for several weeks. It did not do as well with the media. It was heavily criticised for a scene in which Dappy is stood outside a block of expensive luxury flats with a "rich kid" who is trying to look like a gangster. The Independent wrote "His lyrics combine jealousy with anger: 'You got too much to lose / You're in a great position... You wouldn't last a minute where I'm from / You'd go missing / So appreciate what you got / 'cos I'm still wishing.' And then he grabs the rich kid by his coat, pulls him toward him, and punches him in the face. The silent boy falls instantly to the pavement...", they then went on to put "Do scenes like these suggest that music videos are encouraging their viewers to indulge in criminality?". Other newspapers put that he was "idolising thuggery"
. When asked in interviews about the single, and these comments he said "these people need to listen to the lyrics, they are about showing appreciation to what you've got".
In December 2008, Contostavlos pleaded guilty to two counts of assault at Chelmsford Magistrates Court, Essex. He spat in a girl's face while drunk on a night out. He got four weeks' imprisonment, suspended for 12 months and 100 hours community service. He was also ordered to pay £50 to the girl and her friend, and £300 costs.

On 29 January 2009, Contostavlos was arrested after he someone said he was saying he would kill someone while he had a gun. He said this is not true. The police searched his Camden home looking for a gun. Three days later (Saturday 31 January) he was taken off a British Airways flight from Edinburgh to London by police after it landed, with fellow N-Dubz performer Fazer, after appearing to be acting disorderly. A source said: "They were swearing at kids on the plane, being foul and threatening passengers. Cabin crew called ahead to the police, who were waiting when the plane landed. They were taken away by armed officers."
Dappy has also had many problems in the media with celebrities such as Alexandra Burke, Elly Jackson of La Roux, and Flo Rida. 

His 2008 drunkenness has caused problems in January 2010 when he applied for a visa to the United States. He has since been allowed a visa.

Dappy hit a man in Chelmsford in February 2014, for which in June 2014 he was convicted of common assault and fined.

References

1987 births
Living people
British people convicted of assault
English rappers
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
People from the London Borough of Camden
Singers from London
British R&B musicians
Grime music artists
Sepals are one of the four basic parts of a flower. They are found below the petals.

The sepals are often small and green. Some flowers do not have petals. Then the sepals may be big and colorful. In some flowers, the petals and sepals look the same. They are both called tepals.

All the sepals together are called calyx.
The number of sepals is different for different flowers. Both petals and sepals surround the reproductive parts inside the flower. The term for sepals plus petals is the perianth.

The main job of the sepals is to keep the parts of the flower safe before it opens.They are usually green and leaf-like

Plant anatomy
A cotyledon, or seed leaf, is a leaf that is stored in a seed. When the seed sprouts, the cotyledons are the first leaves that the plant has. Monocot plants have only one cotyledon, and other plants have two. Cotyledons often look very different from the other leaves, so they are not called true leaves.

Plants use cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis. They use the sugars to keep true leaves growing. After a while, the cotyledons often die because the plant does not need them anymore.

Plant anatomy
Arriva Fox County is a bus company which provides bus services in Leicester and Leicestershire. It is part of Arriva Midlands, and a subsidiary of Arriva.

History

Arriva Fox County was formed in 1981, as Midland Red East the old Midland Red bus company broke up, and it changed its name to Midland Fox in 1984. 

In late 2006, a new "Leicester Linx" brand was introduced for services in Leicester.

References

Other websites
 Arriva UK bus official site
 Leicester Linx website 

British bus companies
1981 establishments in England
Sede do BankBoston is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil. It is 145 meters (476 feet) tall and has 35 floors. It was built in 2002, and is a modern skyscraper of Brazil and Latin America.

Photo gallery

Other websites 
Emporis
SkyscraperPage

Skyscrapers in Brazil
Buildings and structures in São Paulo
2002 establishments in Brazil
Amygdaloideae (often incorrectly called Prunoideae) is a subfamily of flowering plants. This subfamily is placed within the family Rosaceae.

Since 2011 there has been a big change in how the name of this subfamily is used. Before 2011, the only plants in this subfamily were the stone fruits such as plums, peaches, and almonds. Now the subfamily includes all of the family Rosaceae except the subfamilies Rosoideae and Dryadoideae. Commercially important members of the Amygdaloideae include plum, apple, spiraea, cherries, :medlars, and many others.

Rosaceae
Centrebus operate a network of routes in Leicestershire, England. Many Centrebus managers came from Arriva's UK and European bus operations. In September 2008, Centrebus purchased Woods Coaches' and there vehicles

References

Other websites
Centrebus website

British bus companies
Vasily Chuykov (February 12, 1900 – March 18, 1982) was a Russian general.

During World War II he was commanding the 62nd army, with which he was especially outstanding himself in the Battle of Stalingrad. 

He was twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945).

He was made Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1955. 

1900 births
1982 deaths
Soviet generals
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Marshals of the Soviet Union
Schools and government buildings often like to do power purchasing agreements because they do not have the money to install solar panals on their roof. Large department stores also like to do power purchasing agreements because they have large roofs and do not want to deal with the costs of installing and maintaining panels.

Power Purchasing agreements tend to last 5 – 20 years. At the end of the PPA, either the contract is extended, the solar panels are removed from the property, or the land owner buys the solar panels from the electricity provider.

Power Purchasing agreements have been very important to the expansion of solar electricity use in the United States. Investment tax credits from the federal and state governments have helped make the price of solar panels affordable for the providing companies. The tax credit can help pay for significant percentage of the project cost in some cases.
Some of the electricity providers who offer PPAs are:
SunEdison
Tioga Energy
Recurrent Energy
SunRun Inc
SunPower Corporation

References

Electricity distribution
The Pioneer plaques were a pair of plaques that were launched into deep space on Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, and information about our place in the galaxy are drawn in case any aliens find it. The same image is on both plaques. The image is made up of many parts. 

There is a drawing of a nude human female and a nude human male. Behind them is the Pioneer spacecraft to compare their sizes. 

There is a diagram of the change in spin of the electron of a hydrogen particle. This diagram is meant to set up a universal unit of length and a universal unit of time for the rest of the image. 

There is a map of our solar system showing a spacecraft leaving the third planet, Earth. There have been negative reactions about the arrow showing the trajectory of the spacecraft. Alien species may not understand the human concept of a line and arrow.
There is pattern of lines that looks like a star burst design. This is a map. There are 15 lines. 14 of the lines have a long binary number engraved along it. The binary numbers are distances. The distances are not in meters or kilometers, but in the universal unit of distance given by the hydrogen particle diagram. The 14 lines give the distance from the sun to 14 pulsars. The 15th line gives the distance from the sun to the center of the galaxy.

Pioneer program
Clube Atlético Mineiro is a Brazilian football club. Atletico Mineiro was founded in 1908 in the city of Belo Horizonte, where the team plays. The team has Galo (rooster) as its mascot, for this reason the club is also known simply as Galo. 

Atletico Mineiro is one of the most traditional football clubs in Brazil, being the first champion of the modern version of the Brazilian Football Championhsip. The most important achievement of the club was the Copa Libertadores de America in 2013, which is regarded as the most important tournament in South America. 

In the last five years, Atletico Mineiro is probably passing through the most victorious period in its history, since in the last five years the team has played five out of the nine Copa Libertadores editions the team has ever disputed.

League title 

Copa Libertadores 1
(2013)

CONMEBOL Cup 2
(1992, 1997)

  Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 1
(1971)
Campeonato Mineiro 43 
(1915, 1926, 1927, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1970, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015)

References
 A rooster with plenty to crow about 

Brazilian football clubs
Belo Horizonte
1908 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
S.C. Internacional is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 Série A : 3
 1975, 1976, 1979

Brazilian football clubs
Porto Alegre
1909 establishments in Brazil
Guarani F.C. is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title
Série A : 1
1978

References

Football clubs in São Paulo (state)
1911 establishments
1910s establishments in Brazil
Clube de Regatas do Flamengo (; English: Flamengo Rowing Club), commonly referred to as Flamengo, is a Brazilian sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighbourhood of Gávea, best known for their professional football team. Flamengo is the only team in the World to have 40 million fans within its country, therefore, it is the most popular club in the Americas.

Football honours

 Undefeated champion

References

Brazilian football clubs
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 World championship : 1
 1983
 Copa Libertadores da América : 3
 1983
 1995
 2017
 Série A : 2
 1981, 1996

 Copa do Brasil : 5
 1989, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2016

Brazilian football clubs
Porto Alegre
1903 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Coritiba Foot Ball Club is a football club which plays Curitiba in Paraná state, Brazil. It was founded in 1909 and currently plays in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

Coritiba was founded on October 12, 1909.

History 
The team had many state, national and international titles. The highest moment in Coritiba history was in 1985, when it was champion of Brasileirão.

Other sports 
Although best known for football, Coritiba is first team in South Brazil which supports American Football. Coritiba and Barigui Crocodiles founded Coritiba Crocodiles. Coritiba Crocodiles is a four-time state champion and two-time champion of the south conference.
Stadium 
Couto Pereira Stadium is Coritiba's home stadium.
 Name: Estádio Major Antônio Couto Pereira
 Capacity: 37,182 (biggest in Paraná State)
 Address: Rua Ubaldino do Amaral, 37
 Record attendance: (General) – 70,000 (Pope John Paul II, 1980) [11], (Game) – The stadium's attendance record in a football match is 65,943, set on May 15, 1983 when Atlético-PR(Coritiba's main rival) beat Flamengo 2–0.
 Field dimensions: 
 Year opened: 1932

The stadium was founded as Belfort Duarte. Couto Pereira was the president of the club. He was responsible for the stadium being built. When he died in 1977, the stadium name was changed to Couto Pereira.

Rivals 
Coritiba's biggest rivals are Atlético Paranaense and Paraná Clube. They are from the same city. The games between Coritiba and Atlético-PR are called "Atlé-Tiba". The games between Coritiba and Paraná is called "Para-Tiba".

Club

Symbols

Colors 
The team colors are green and white. These are the colors of the flag of Paraná state.
Founded on October 12, 1909, Coritiba was the oldest "green and white" team in Brazilian soccer, and one of the oldest of world.

The logo 
The club's logo is a green globe with the initials CFC in white on the center, along with twelve white stylized pine seeds.

Coritiba's first logo was very simple: a white background inside a green circle, with the initials CFC in green.

The team kit 
Coritiba's first kit was used from 1909 to 1916, and was composed of green and white vertical stripes.

Coritiba's second kit, used from 1916 to 1976 was an all-white one.

The current home kit is composed of a white shirt, with two green parallel horizontal stripes and black shorts and white socks. The away kit is composed of a green and white vertical stripes shirt, black shorts and green socks. These kits were adopted in 1976.
Anthem 
The official club anthem lyrics were written by Cláudio Ribeiro. The music was composed by Homero Rébuli. There is also an unofficial anthem, called "Coritiba Eterno Campeão" ("Coritiba Eternal Champion"), which was composed (both the lyrics and the music) by Francis Night. A third anthem, with lyrics by Vinicius Coelho and music by Sebastião Lima, also calls the team the "eternal champion".

Mascot 
The club's mascot is an old man nicknamed Vovô Coxa (Grandpa Coxa). It represents the club's tradition of being the oldest football club of Curitiba.
Club records 
First match: Coritibano-Tiro Pontagrossense 0–1 (October 23, 1909)
First official match: Coritiba-Ponta Grossa 5–3 (June 12, 1910)
First goal scorer: Fritz Essenfelter
Biggest win (National Competitions): Coritiba-Ferroviário 7–1 (Couto Pereira, April 16, 1980), Coritiba-Desportiva-ES 7–1 (Couto Pereira, May 4, 1980) & Coritiba-Palmeiras 6–0 (Couto Pereira, May 5, 2011)
Heaviest defeat (national competitions): Grêmio-Coritiba 5–0 (Olímpico, February 29, 1984) & Palmeiras-Coritiba 5–0 (Parque Antártica, August 17, 1996)
Most appearances (any competition): Jairo – 440 (1971–77), (1984–87)
Record goal scorer: Duílio Dias – 202 (1954–64)
Idols 
 10's: Frederico "Fritz" Essenfelder – Maxambomba
 20's: Ninho – Pizzatto – Staco
 30's: Pizzattinho – Emílio – Rei
 40's: Neno – Merlin – Tonico – Breyer
 50's: Miltinho – Duílio – Fedato – Lanzoninho
 60's: Krüger – Nico – Bequinha – Oberdan – Cláudio – Nilo – Dirceu – Paulo Vecchio
 70's: Jairo – Tião Abatiá – Hidalgo – Aladim – Pedro Rocha – Zé Roberto – Paquito – Hermes – Pescuma – Dreyer – Duílio
 80's: Rafael – Dida – Tostão – Lela – André – Índio – Toby – Heraldo – Almir – Marildo – Chicão – Ademir Alcântara- Milton- Vavá
 90's: Alex – Pachequinho – Ronaldo Lobisomem – Reginaldo Nascimento – Cléber – Basílio – Auri – Paulo Sérgio – Brandão – Claudiomiro
 00's: Keirrison – Tcheco – Rafinha – Adriano – Emerson- Edson Bastos – Leandro Donizete – Rafinha

Current squad

First-team squad 
As of January, 2015.

First-team staff

Personnel

Current technical staff

League title 
 Série A : 1
 1985
Other websites
Official Site  
Blog do Torcedor do Coritiba – Official Supporter's Blog 
Coxanautas
Império Alviverde 

Paraná State
 
1909 establishments in Brazil