Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Bascharage (, ) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen.

Since 2012, it is part of the new commune of Käerjeng.

Former communes in Luxembourg
Canton of Capellen
Porum is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.

Towns in Oklahoma
Bertrange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 8,282 people live here.

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Johanna Welin (born 24 June 1984) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References 

1984 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Contern () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2021, 3,968 people in the commune of Contern but the town itself in the middle of the commune is home to 1743 people as of 2022. The other villages in Contern are Moutfort, Oetrange, Medingen and Milbech. Contern also has various hamlets

History
The Romans settled the country of Luxembourg in the BC era and at some point a road was constructed between Luxembourg City and Dalheim. This road passed through what is today within the borders of the commune of Contern and also through the settlement of Faerschthaff. The Construction of this road saw a bridge of the Trudlerbaach River constructed, which still remains today. There is no proof that the settlement of Contern was founded during roman times, although it is widely believed so. The name Contern was first seen in a charter in 879/880/903/904 AD, although its first official listing was in 1128 and it is almost certain Contern dated back to the Celtic Era.  In the 14th century it was wirtten as Guntrein. Contern in the 13th century got a lot of influence from Christianity and Chivalry. At this time Contern became a parish and has its church built. From 1945 onwards, Contern's municipal structure was made up of Contern, Oetrange, Moutfort and Medingen
. The Commune of Contern has existed since the 19th century
Medieval History

Formation of the Commune 
Contern was formed as a parish in 1621. Later in 1684, neighbouring Oetrange became a parish and in 1707, Moutfort followed. At the time, the parish of Contern had no Lieu-dits although Oetrange was home to the settlement of Kackerterhaff. Moutfort was home to the setlements of Medingen and Millbech as well as the Moulin the Millbech and the farmstead of Pleitrange. By 1796 Contern was founded as an Arrondissement, this was home to several localities:

Contern remained as an Arrondissement in the sense that it was formed in, in 1796 up until 1912, The exact time the commune as it is called today was formed is unknown, however the first census data from the commune dates back to 1821, so the commune is older than that. The parish of Oetrange was absorbed into the parish of Moutfort in 1946, shortly after in 1948, the parishes of Contern and Moutfort were effectively dissolved.
Early mentions of Commune and settlements 
Early mentions in newspapers of Contern can be traced back to 1842, where it was mentioned in a long list of communes, although both the settlement and name have been seen far further back. Further mentions happened in 1844, following the death of John the Blind, signatures were collected from many communes, some came from Contern, it was document across multiple lists.

Recent Growth and Expansion 
By 2001, the commune of Contern had a population of 3082, with the town itself having just 1065, the second largest in the commune. Also in 2001, Contern joined the Climate Alliance of European cities.

Archaeology 
Although no prominent archaeological sites or artifacts date back to the Celtic times, plenty has been left over since the Romans including some housing and remnants of an aqueduct. The most prominent thing from the Romans however is the Gallo-Roman villa, it stood on the current site of the town and there are still remains of it to this day.
Etymology 
Following World War II, the Luxembourgers had strong distaste for their former German overseers. This was why almost every place in the country was renamed from its original Luxembourgish name of German origin, to that of French origin without changing too much. Contern's name would have stayed Conter if it weren't for the French pronunciation of "er" being far too strong, thus an "n" was added on the end. It could have been possible to have followed what places like Hesperange did, but in the end it stuck to the name Contern. In the modern era, to encourage more Luxembougish in the commune, many documents and signs use "Conter" instead of Contern.

Pilgrimages 
Conter has long been a target of many pilgrimages. In Contern, the sacred Walburga was offered to heal "evil eyes" or to do something against the "evil gaze". The Luxembourgish dialect poet Jakob Diedenhoven describes the course of these pilgrimages in an ironic way in 1830 in his prayer for Conter:
Zoo aalen Zeiten
 Vun alle Seiten,
 Zur Walburga,
 Der heel'ger Fra
 Gongen d'from Kreschten
 Den Aelter reschten
 Mat enger Kierz,
 Engem selv'ren Hierz

 Hier Aa'n ze g'nieren
 Ville' mam Schmieren
 Hoid se d'Gnood gin
 'Rem ze gesin.

 Hei an der Scheier,
 D'Marre mam Freier,
 D'Ketche ma'm Franz
 Sti'schon am Danz

...

 He'r we se sangen,
 Kuck we se sprangen,
 Daat weist de Kne,
 Daat eppes me.

Geography

Overview

Settlements

Villages

Lieu-dits

Settlements

Suburbs

Industrial Zones

Demographics 
In 2020 the commune of Contern had a population of 3939, with a population density of around 188 people per square kilometer. The town itself had a population of 1743 which is far higher than what it had in the 2001 census of 1065.

Population of the entire commune 1821-2021
Transportation 
The E29 runs from Contern through Moutfort to Luxembourg City.  Other smaller roads link Moutfort with the rest of the commune. Contern is served by many different bus routes. Many other towns within the commune are also served by these routes. CFL Line 30 provided train access to Contern. It runs through the commune with 2 stations in Sandweiler-Contern and Oetrange. There is also a freight railway which connects Oetrange with Berchem avoiding Luxembourg City.

References 

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Hesperange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 15,479 people live here.

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Simone Kues (born 8 November 1976) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics,  and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References 

1976 births
Living people
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Anne Patzwald (born 17 February 1985) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

She played for Hamburger SV.

References 

1985 births
Living people
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Annika Zeyen (born 17 February 1985) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References 

1985 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Belarus (, , literally, The Belarusian) is a Belarusian newspaper in the United States. It is made from September, 20, 1950. The newspaper is printed by the Belarusian-American Association in New York.

References 
 Беларус // Энцыклапедыя гісторыі Беларусі. У 6 т. Т. 1: А — Беліца / Беларус. Энцыкл.; Рэдкал.: М. В. Біч і інш.; Прадм. М. Ткачова; Маст. Э. Э. Жакевіч. — Мн.: БелЭн, 1993. – С. 346. — 494 с., [8] к.: іл. ISBN 5-85700-074-2.
 Беларус // Беларуская энцыклапедыя: У 18 т. / Рэдкал.: Г. П. Пашкоў і інш.. — Мн.: БелЭн, 1996. — Т. 2: Аршыца — Беларусцы. — С. 388–389. — 480 с. — ISBN 985-11-0061-7 (т. 2), ISBN 985-11-0035-8.
 Юрэвіч, Л. Летапісны звод сусьвету Чалавека Сьведамага: Гісторыя газэтаў «Бацькаўшчына» й «Беларус» (1947—2000) / Лявон Юрэвіч. — Мн.: Беларускі кнігазбор, 2006. — 256 с. — (Бібліятэка Бацькаўшчыны; Кн. 8). — ISBN 985-504-037-6.

Belarus
Newspapers in the United States
1950 establishments in the United States
Laura Fürst (born 23 April 1991) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

References 

1991 births
Living people
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Sportspeople from Munich
Gesche Schünemann (born 3 August 1990) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References 

1990 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Maya Lindholm (born 20 December 1990) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

References 

1990 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Annabel Breuer (born 23 October 1992) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics,  and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References 

1992 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Sourdough bread is made by the fermentation of dough using naturally occurring lactobacilli and yeast. It uses biological leavening rather than cultivated baker's yeast. The lactic acid produced by the lactobacilli gives it a more sour taste and improved keeping qualities.

History 
In the Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Michael Gaenzle writes: "The origins of bread-making are so ancient that everything said about them must be pure speculation. One of the oldest sourdough breads dates from 3700 BCE and was excavated in Switzerland, but the origin of sourdough fermentation likely relates to the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent several thousand years earlier ... Bread production relied on the use of sourdough as a leavening agent for most of human history; the use of baker's yeast as a leavening agent dates back less than 150 years."
Pliny the Elder described the sourdough method in his Natural History:
 
Sourdough remained the usual form of leavening down into the European Middle Ages. In modern times,  barm from the beer brewing process replaced it, at first. Later, there was specially grown yeast.
Bread made from 100% rye flour is popular in the northern half of Europe. It  is usually leavened with sourdough. Baker's yeast is not useful as a leavening agent for rye bread, because rye does not contain enough gluten. The structure of rye bread is based primarily on the starch in the flour, as well as other carbohydrates known as pentosans. however, rye amylase is active at much higher temperatures than wheat amylase, causing the structure of the bread to disintegrate as the starches are broken down during cooking. The lowered pH of a sourdough starter, therefore, inactivates the amylases when heat cannot, allowing the carbohydrates in the bread to gel and set properly. In the southern part of Europe, where panettone was originally made with sourdough, sourdough has become less common in recent times.  It has been replaced by the faster-growing baker's yeast. Sometimes  longer fermentation rests  are used to allow for some bacterial activity to build flavor.
In English-speaking countries,  wheat-based breads are more common.  Sourdough is no longer the standard method for bread leavening. It was gradually replaced, first by the use of barm from beer making, then, after the confirmation of germ theory by Louis Pasteur, by cultured yeasts. Although sourdough bread was superseded in commercial bakeries in the 20th century, it has undergone a revival among artisan bakers.

Manufacturers of non-sourdough breads make up for the lack of yeast and bacterial culture by introducing into their dough an artificially-made mix known as bread improver or flour improver.

Preparation
Preparation

Starter 
The preparation of sourdough begins with a pre-ferment (the "starter" or "leaven", also known as the "chief", "chef", "head", "mother" or "sponge"), a fermented mixture of flour and water, containing a colony of microorganisms including wild yeast and lactobacilli. The purpose of the starter is to produce a vigorous leaven and to develop the flavour of the bread. In practice there are several kinds of starters.

Flour already contains different kinds of yeast and bacteria spores. When flour comes in contact with water, the enzyme amylase breaks down the starch into different sugars. The yeast which is part of sourdough, can use these sugars. The mixture will develop into a stable bacteria culture, which will use fermentation. The yeast will produce carbon dioxide as a by-product of fermentation, which will leaven the dough.
Obtaining a satisfactory rise from sourdough takes longer than a dough leavened with baker's yeast because the yeast in a sourdough is less vigorous. In the presence of lactic acid bacteria, however, some sourdough yeasts have been observed to produce twice the gas of baker's yeast. The acidic conditions in sourdough, along with the bacteria also producing enzymes that break down proteins, result in weaker gluten and may produce a denser finished product.

Refreshment of the starter 

As it ferments, sometimes for several days, the volume of the starter is increased by periodic additions of flour and water, called "refreshments". As long as this starter culture is fed flour and water regularly it will remain active.
The ratio of fermented starter to fresh flour and water is critical in the development and maintenance of a starter. This ratio is called the refreshment ratio. Higher refreshment ratios are associated with greater microbial stability in the sourdough. In San Francisco sourdough, the ratio is 40% of the total weight, which is roughly equivalent to 67% of the new-dough's weight. A high refreshment ratio keeps acidity of the refreshed dough relatively low. Acidity levels of below pH 4.0 inhibit lactobacilli and favour acid-tolerant yeasts.

A starter prepared from scratch with a salted wheat-rye dough takes about 54 hours at  to stabilise at a pH between 4.4 and 4.6. 4% salt inhibits L. sanfranciscensis, while C. milleri can withstand 8%.
A drier and cooler starter has less bacterial activity and more yeast growth, which results in the bacterial production of more acetic acid relative to lactic acid. Conversely, a wetter and warmer starter has more bacterial activity and less yeast growth, with more lactic acid relative to acetic acid. The yeasts produce mainly CO2 and ethanol. High amounts of lactic acid are desired in rye and mixed-rye fermentations, while relatively higher amounts of acetic acid are desired in wheat fermentations. A dry, cool starter produces a sourer loaf than a wet, warm one. Firm starters (such as the Flemish Desem starter, which may be buried in a large container of flour to prevent drying out) tend to be more resource-intensive than wet ones.
Intervals between refreshments 
A stable culture in which L. sanfranciscensis is the dominant bacterium requires a temperature between  and refreshments every 24 hours for about two weeks. Refreshment intervals of longer than three days acidify the dough and may change the microbial ecosystem.

The intervals between refreshments of the starter may be reduced in order to increase the rate of gas (CO2) production, a process described as "acceleration." In this process, the ratio of yeasts to lactobacilli may be altered. Generally, if once-daily refreshment-intervals have not been reduced to several hours, the percentage amount of starter in the final dough should be reduced to obtain a satisfactory rise during proof.
Baking 
The starter must be fed 4 to 12 hours prior to being added to dough, by mixing flour and water to the starter. This creates an active leaven, which should grow in size and is ready to use when it is bubbly and floats in water. The leaven is mixed with flour and water to make a final dough of the desired consistency. The starter weight is usually 13% to 25% of the total flour weight, though formulas may vary. The dough is shaped into loaves, left to rise, and then baked. A number of 'no knead' methods are available for sourdough bread. Due to the length of time sourdough bread takes to proof, many bakers may refrigerate their loaves prior to baking. This process is known as 'retardation' to slow down the proofing process. This process has the added benefit of developing a richer flavoured bread.
Because the rise time of most sourdough starters is longer than that of breads made with baker's yeasts, sourdough starters are generally unsuitable for use in a bread machine. However, sourdough that has been proved over many hours, using a sourdough starter or mother dough, can then be transferred to the machine, utilizing only the baking segment of the bread-making program, bypassing timed mechanical kneading by the machine's paddle. This may be convenient for single loaf production, but the complex blistered and slashed crust characteristics of oven-baked sourdough bread cannot be achieved in a bread making machine, as this usually requires the use of a baking stone in the oven and misting of the dough to produce steam. Furthermore, ideal crust development requires loaves of shapes not achievable in a machine's loaf tin.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

Doughs
Pages with unreviewed translations
Annegret Brießmann (born 28 July 1972) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics,  and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References 

1972 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Marina Mohnen (born 31 October 1978) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

References 

1978 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Barbara Gross (born 20 November 1993) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She played at the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

She played for University of Alabama.

References 

1993 births
Living people
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Ilse Arts (born 7 June 1990) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2018 world championships and multiple gold medals at the European Championships (2017, 2019, 2021)  

She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2017 Women's Wheelchair Basketball European Championship and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship (World Champions).

She is from Wijchen, Netherlands. She played association football for SC Woezik. She was injured after a motorcycle accident.

She currently plays for BBC Münsterland in the 1. Rollstuhlbasketball-Bundesliga, she transferred from the Hot Rolling Bears Essen in the 2. Rollstuhlbasketball-Bundesliga.

References 

1990 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Sapardi Djoko Damono (March 20, 1940 – July 19, 2020) was an Indonesian poet. He was known for lyrical poems. He was widely known as the pioneer of lyrical poetry in Indonesia. Sapardi also translated many literary works from other countries into Indonesian. These include the literary works of T.S. Eliot, Khalil Gibran and Jalaludin Rumi; his translation of Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea.

Damono died in South Tangerang, Banten on July 19, 2020 from multiple organ failure, aged 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Indonesian poets
Translators
Lucio Urtubia Jiménez (18 February 1931 – 18 July 2020) was a Spanish anarchist. He was known for his anarchism. He was compared to Robin Hood. Urtubia carried out bank robberies and forgeries throughout the 1960s and 1970s. 

In the words of Albert Boadella, "Lucio is a Quijote that did not fight against wind mills, but against a true giant".

Urtubia died on July 18, 2020, aged 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Spanish writers
Spanish anarchists
Albert Boadella Oncins (born 30 July 1943) is a Spanish actor and playwright. He was the director of the company of the  independent theater Els Joglars until 2012. Boadella was born in Barcelona.

In 2003 he wrote the screenplay and directed the movie Buen viaje, excelencia, a caricature of the last months of life of the general Franco.

In December 2012 he was awarded the Alfonso Ussía awards in the category of Person of the Year, together with Arturo Fernández.

References

1943 births
Living people
Spanish stage actors
Spanish playwrights
Spanish theatre directors
Politicians from Barcelona
Spanish movie directors
Spanish screenwriters
Writers from Barcelona
Henrique Soares da Costa (11 April 1963 – 18 July 2020) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop. He was bishop of the diocese of Palmares from 2014 until 2020. He was born in Penedo, Alagoas. 

Costa died in Recife, Brazil on 18 July 2020 from COVID-19, aged 57.

References

1963 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Brazilian Roman Catholic bishops
Rick Alan Reed (March 3, 1950 – July 16, 2020) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball. He joined the American League staff in 1979. He worked throughout both major leagues from 2000 to 2009. He was named a crew chief in 1999.  Reed wore uniform number 23. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Reed died on July 16, 2020 in Detroit at the age of 70.

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
Sportspeople from Detroit
Brigid Berlin (September 6, 1939 – July 17, 2020) was an American artist and Warhol superstar. She was born in New York City. She was known for working as an artistic model for Andy Warhol. She starred as herself in the 1966 Warhol movie Chelsea Girls.

Berlin died of cardiac arrest from a pulmonary embolism in New York City on July 17, 2020 at the age of 80.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
American movie actors
Models from New York City
Artists from New York City
Actors from New York City
Andy Warhol
Pierre-Marie Coty (22 November 1927 – 17 July 2020) was an Ivorian Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daloa, Ivory Coast from 1975 to 2005.

Coty died on 17 July 2020, aged 92.

references

1927 births
2020 deaths
Ivorian people
Roman Catholic bishops
Paul Morrissey (born February 23, 1938) is an American movie director. He was born in New York City. Morrissey is best known for his works with Andy Warhol. His best known movie is Trash (1970).

References

1938 births
Living people
Movie directors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Artists from New York City
Andy Warhol
Vishnu Raj Atreya (; 10 November 1944 – 18 July 2020) was a Nepali writer and poet. He wrote in Nepali language, Sanskrit language and Awadhi language. He used the title Latosaathi () in his poetry works when his career began in 1963. He known to be the first person to start writing Haiku in Sanskrit language. Atreya was born in Kapilbastu, Nepal. He was a Professor of Navya Vyakaran in Nepal Sanskrit University for seventeen years between 1996 and 2013.

Atreya was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer in early 2019. He died on 18 July 2020 from the disease, aged 75.

References

1944 births
2020 deaths
Nepalese poets
Academics
People from Kathmandu
Stephen Owen Davies (1886 or 1887 – 25 February 1972) was a Welsh miner, trade union official and politician. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Merthyr Tydfil from 1950 to 1972, and previously Merthyr from 1934 to 1950. He was a member of the Labour Party.

Davies was born in Abercwmboi, Glamorgan. In 1972, he died in Merthyr Tydfil at the age of 85.

References

1880s births
1972 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Politicians from Glamorgan
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
The Mazhilis (, also transliterated as Majilis; "Assembly" in Kazakh) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan, known as the Parlamenti, in the Government of Kazakhstan. 

The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 107 seats (98+9). Members of Parliament are elected to five-year terms.

References

1996 establishments in Kazakhstan

Government of Kazakhstan
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (; ) is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Mazhilis, with 107 seats which are elected to four year terms. The upper house is the Senate, which has 47 members. 

As of January 2007, 10% of the parliament's representatives are women and 19% of local and city council officials are women.

References

Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Government of Kazakhstan
1996 establishments in Kazakhstan
The Senate of Kazakhastan (, Qazaqstan Parlamentiniń Senaty) is the upper house of two chambers in Kazakhstan's legislature, known as the Parliament (Parlamenti). The Senate is made of elected members two from each region, the city of republican importance (Almaty) and the capital city of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Fifteen members are appointed by the President of Kazakhstan with the view to ensure representation for all the diverse national, cultural components of society.
 
The term of office for the members of the Senate is 6 years.

References

1996 establishments in Kazakhstan

Government of Kazakhstan
Dariga Nursultanqyzy Nazarbayeva (, born 7 May 1963) is a Kazakh politician. She was a member of the Mazhilis from 2004 to 2007, then again from 2012 to 2015. 

From 2014, Nazarbayeva was the Deputy Chair of Mazhilis until she became a Deputy Prime Minister, where was from 2015 until she became the member of the Senate in 2016. She was the Chair of the Senate of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2020. She is the daughter of former President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.

References

1963 births
Living people
Kazakhstani politicians
Moscow State University alumni
Nikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev (; 5 November 1945 – 19 July 2020) was a Kyrgyz politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 2002 to 2005, under President Askar Akayev.

Tanayev was an ethnic Russian. On 19 July 2020, he died in Moscow at the age of 74.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Prime Ministers of Kyrgyzstan
Kubatbek Ayilchiyevich Boronov (, Kubatbek Ayılçiyeviç Boronov; born 15 December 1964) is a Kyrgyz politician. In June 2020, he became the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. He resigned on 6 October 2020.

References

1964 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Kyrgyzstan
Linda Purl (born September 2, 1955) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Ashley Pfister on Happy Days, Sheila Munroe in the 1982 horror movie Visiting Hours, Pam Beesly's mother Helene in The Office, and Ben Matlock's daughter Charlene Matlock for the first season of the television series Matlock.

References

1955 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American jazz singers
Actors from Greenwich, Connecticut
Singers from Connecticut
The Icelandic Phallological Museum () has the world's largest display of penises and penile parts. As of early 2020 the museum moved to a new location in Hafnartorg in Reykjavík, Iceland. The collection holds well over 300 penises from more than 100 species of mammal. The museum also holds 22 penises from creatures and peoples of Icelandic folklore.

In July 2011, the museum got its first human penis, however it decomposed quickly. The museum continues to search for "a younger and a bigger and better one."

It was founded in 1997 by since-then retired teacher Sigurður Hjartarson. 

The museum has become a popular tourist attraction with thousands of visitors a year and has received international media attention, including a Canadian documentary movie called The Final Member, which is about the museum's quest to obtain a human penis.

References

Reykjavík
Museums in Europe
René Carmans (16 March 1945 – 18 July 2020) was a Belgian footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He was named ‘Black Panther’ because he was always wearing black clothes. Carmans played for K.F.C. Diest from 1962 until 1975. He was the first keeper from 1964 until the mid 1970s.

Carmans died on 18 July 2020 from heart disease, aged 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Belgian footballers
Deaths from heart disease
Myrzageldy Kemel (; ; 15 January 1949 – 18 July 2020) was a Kazakh writer, economist, politician and academic. He was a member of the Supreme Kenges from 1994 to 1995 and a member of the Mazhilis from 1995 to 2004.  He published 10 books about spirituality. 

Kemel died on 18 July 2020, aged 71.

Related pages
List of scientists from Asia

References

1949 births
2020 deaths
Kazakhstani politicians
Kazakhstani writers
Academics
Economists
Inge Huitzing (born 19 April 1974) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References

Other websites 
 Interview: Inge Huitzing (Netherlands) 2014 IWBF Women's World WheelchairBasketball Championships

1974 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Zavion Davenport (September 24, 1985 – August 20, 2020), known by his stage name Chi Chi DeVayne, was an American drag queen and reality television personality. DeVayne became well known after she appeared on the eighth season of RuPaul's Drag Race and the third season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars.

DeVayne was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. In July 2020, she was hospitalized for kidney failure in Shreveport. DeVayne died a month later on August 20 from pneumonia at the age of 34.

References

1985 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Louisiana
American television personalities
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
LGBT entertainers
Comedians from Louisiana
Megan Jovon Ruth Pete (born February 15, 1995), known professionally as Megan Thee Stallion (pronounced "Megan the Stallion"), is an American rapper.

Career 
She has released three EPs since 2017:Make It Hot, Tina Snow, and Suga. The last two mixtapes charting on the US Billboard 200. She released her first full-length mixtape, Fever in 2019.

In 2020, her single "Savage" went viral on the social media app TikTok and reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart following the release of a remix with Beyoncé. 

She has won two BET Awards, two BET Hip Hop Awards, a MTV Video Music Award, and a Billboard Women in Music Award.

On July 15, 2020, she had emergency surgery to remove the bullets because she had been shot. She made a full recovery.

On August 7, 2020, she released the song WAP with Cardi B.

On November 20, 2020, she released her first studio album Good News.

References
References 

1995 births
Living people
American crime victims
Rappers from Texas
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Singers from Houston
Musicians from Houston
Writers from Houston
American songwriters
Rappers
Wolfgard Voss (,  Mönning, 24 June 1926 – 7 July 2020), nicknamed "Wölfi", was a German gymnast. She competed in seven events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. She was born in Oldenburg, Germany.

Voß died on 7 July 2020 in Oldenburg, aged 94.

References

Other websites
 
 

1926 births
2020 deaths
German gymnasts
East German Olympians
People from Oldenburg (city)
Lucie Houwen (born 30 October 1990) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

References

Other websites 
 Lucie Houwen, teamnl.org
 lucie-houwen-netherlands-news-photo, Getty

1990 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Eduardo Mendoza Garriga (born 11 January 1943) is a Spanish novelist. He was born in Barcelona. Between 1973 and 1982, he worked as an interpreter for the United Nations. In 1975 he published his very successful first novel, La Verdad sobre el Caso Savolta (The Truth About the Savolta Case). 

The Spanish newspaper El País published two of his novels in instalments, Sin Noticias de Gurb (No Word from Gurb, 1990) and El Último Trayecto de Horacio Dos (The Last Journey of Horatio Dos, 2001), both of them science fiction comedy novels.

In 2016 he was awarded the Premio Cervantes.

References

1943 births
Living people
Writers from Barcelona
Spanish novelists
Spanish translators
Jitske Visser (born 29 October 1992) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

References

Other websites 
 Netherlands -Spain, fibalivestats.com
 jitske visser Getty

1992 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Sergio Ramírez Mercado (; born August 5, 1942) is a Nicaraguan writer and politician. He worked in the leftist Government Junta of National Reconstruction and as Vice President of the country from 1985 to 1990 under the presidency of Daniel Ortega.

References

1942 births
Living people
Political writers
Vice presidents of Nicaragua
Essayists
Roos Oosterbaan (born 18 May 1979) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics,  and 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, ‎2008 Summer Paralympics, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References

Other websites 
 INTERVIEW: Roos Oosterbaan (Netherlands) 2014 IWBF Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Champs, June 24, 2014

1979 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Sanne Timmerman (born 8 May 1992) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References

Other websites 
 sanne-timmerman  teamnl.org 

1992 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Bo Kramer (born 15 Septemper 1998) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the  2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References

Other websites 
  bo-kramer  teamnl.org 
 THE NETHERLANDS’ BO KRAMER ONE OF RIO 2016’S YOUNGEST PLAYERS, IWBF Oct 13, 2016

1998 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Cher Korver (born 11 August 1976) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics,  and 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics, 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

References

Other websites 
  Netherlands - Spain fibalivestats.com

1976 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Barbara van Bergen (born 9 June 1978) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player and para-alpine skier. 

She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, 2018-2019 World Para Alpine Skiing World Cup, and 2019 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

1978 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Carina de Rooij (born 10 May 1980) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. She is a member of the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation's Athlete Steering Committee.

References

Other websites 

  carina-de-rooij, sunrisemedical.eu

1980 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Mariska Beijer (born 29 June 1991) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2016 Summer Paralympics. and gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

She played at the 2015 European Women's Wheelchair Basketball Championships.

References

Other websites 
 ONE ON ONE WITH MARISKA BEIJER, wearebasket.net

1991 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Role-playing is changing  one's behaviour to assume a role. This can be deliberately to act out an adopted role, or unconsciously to fill a social role. 

The Oxford English Dictionary defines role-playing as "the changing of one's behaviour to fulfill a social role". However, in the field of social psychology, the term is used more loosely:
 To refer to the playing of roles generally, such as in a theatre or educational setting;
 To refer to taking a role of a character or person and acting it out with a partner taking someone else's role;
 To refer to a wide range of games including role-playing video game (RPG), play-by-mail games and more;
 To refer specifically to role-playing games.

References 

Branches of psychology
Games
Evelyn van Leeuwen (born 15 May 1972) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. 

She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.

References

Other websites 
 

1972 births
Living people
Dutch Paralympic bronze medalists
Dutch wheelchair basketball players
Niederanven () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 6,222 people live here.

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Sandweiler is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 3,676 people live here.

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Schuttrange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 4,166 people live here.

Localities 
Schuttrange consists of the four localities:
 Munsbach
 Neuhäusgen
 Schrassig
 Übersyren

Other websites 
 

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Steinsel () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 5,408 people live here.

Since 25 July 2019 Steinsel holds Luxembourg’s national heat record of .

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Strassen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 9,589 people live here.

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Walferdange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 8,231 people live here.

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Weiler-la-Tour (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.

As of 2019, 2,400 people live here.

Communes of the canton of Luxembourg
Beaufort (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach.

As of 2019, 2,802 people live here.

Communes of Echternach
Bech is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach.

As of 2019, 1,259 people live here.

Communes of Echternach
Berdorf () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach.

As of 2019, 1,794 people live here.

Communes of Echternach
Consdorf () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach.

As of 2019, 2,024 people live here.

Communes of Echternach
Mompach () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Echternach.

On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Rosport to form the new commune of Rosport-Mompach.

Former communes in Luxembourg
Canton of Echternach
Rosport () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Echternach.

On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Mompach to form the new commune of Rosport-Mompach.

Former communes in Luxembourg
Canton of Echternach
Rosport-Mompach () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach. It was created on 1 January 2018 from the former communes of Rosport and Mompach.

As of 2019, 3,644 people live here.

2018 establishments in Luxembourg
Communes of Echternach
Waldbillig () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach.

As of 2019, 1,803 people live here.

Communes of Echternach
Ralph Breaks the Internet  is a 2018 American 3D computer-animated comedy movie directed by Rich Moore and Phil Johnston. It is the sequel to the 2012 movie Wreck-It Ralph. This movie stars John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Jack McBrayer, Jane Lynch, Ed O'Neill, Alan Tudyk, Gal Gadot, Taraji P. Henson and Alfred Molina. The movie was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.

Other websites 
 

2018 comedy movies
2018 computer-animated movies
2010s action comedy movies
2018 fantasy movies
Disney animated movies
American action comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
American sequel movies
Movies set in 2018
Putscheid () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Vianden.

As of 2019, 1,125 people live here.

Communes of Vianden
Tandel is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Vianden. As of 2019, 2,083 people live here.

The commune was created on 1 January 2006 from the former communes of Bastendorf (in the canton of Diekirch) and Fouhren (in the canton of Vianden).

2006 establishments in Luxembourg
Communes of Vianden
Garnich () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.

As of 2019, 2,167 people live here.

Communes of Capellen
Hobscheid () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen.

On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Septfontaines to form the commune of Habscht.

Former communes in Luxembourg
Canton of Capellen
Habscht is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.

It was created on 1 January 2018 from the former communes of Hobscheid and Septfontaines.

As of 2019, 4,528 people live here.

2018 establishments in Luxembourg
Communes of Capellen
Clemency (, ) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen. Since 2012, it is part of the new commune of Käerjeng.

Former communes in Luxembourg
Canton of Capellen
Kehlen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.

As of 2019, 6,143 people live here.

Communes of Capellen
Koerich () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.

As of 2019, 2,591 people live here.

Communes of Capellen
Kopstal () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.

As of 2019, 3,884 people live here.

Communes of Capellen
Septfontaines (, ) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen.

On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Hobscheid to form the commune of Habscht.

Former communes in Luxembourg
Canton of Capellen
Steinfort () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.

As of 2019, 5,281 people live here.

Communes of Capellen
Beckerich () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange.

As of 2019, 2,619 people live here.

Communes of Redange
Ell is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange.

As of 2019, 1,350 people live here.

Communes of Redange
The Ajuran Empire (, ), also spelled Ajuuraan Empire, and often simply as Ajuran, was a Somali empire in the medieval times that dominated the Indian ocean trade. They belonged to the Somali Muslim sultanate that ruled over large parts of the Horn of Africa in the Middle Ages. Because of their centralized administration and strong military, they were able to resist an attack by the Ottoman empire. This was called  Gaal Madow. The fought a number of wars with the Portugese, and were able to withstand them. After the war, trade routes were re-established or strengthened. In the coastal provinces, trade flourished. Ships sailed to and came from many kingdoms and empires in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, the Near East, North Africa and East Africa.
The Ajuran also controlled the water resources. They built wells and cisterns on the rivers Shebelle and Jubba. Many of these wells are still working. The rulers also developed a new system of agriculture and taxation, which were used in parts of the Horn of Africa until the 19th century. The later rulers of the Ajuran were not as successful: There were rebellions, and by the late 17th century the empire had fallen apart into a number of smaller states. The most prominent of these was probably the Geledi Sultanate.

References 

13th-century establishments in Africa
Former empires
Former countries in Africa
History of Somalia
No Longer at Ease is a novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. It is the story of an Igbo man, Obi Okonkwo, who leaves his village for an education in Britain and then a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service. He faces a conflict between his Western lifestyle and African culture and ends up taking a bribe.

Title 
The title of the novel comes from the poem The Journey of the Magi by T.S. Eliot.

We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,
But no longer at ease here,
With an alien people clutching their gods.
I should be glad of another death.

Summary 
Obi Okonko is the grandson of Okonkwo, the main character of Achebe's first novel, Things Fall Apart. Obi is on trial for taking a bribe.

Some members of the Umuofia Progressive Union (UPU) collect money so that Obi can go to England to study law and help his people. However, he starts studying English instead of law. He meets Clara Okeke, who is studying to be a nurse, at a dance.