Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Some scholars criticised Sorai's work and found his teaching was impractical. Goi Ranshū believed that Sorai was motivated to surpass Itō Jinsai, another leading Confucianist. Goi thought that Sorai had used Itō's  arguments to the level of absurdity. Goi felt that Sorai's teachings would cause a lot of damage to moral philosophy if they were followed. Another scholar critical of Sorai's teachings was Nakai Chikuzan, who was also familiar with Goi's opposition to Ogyū Sorai. Goi wrote his opposition to Sorai in his essay Hi-Butsu hen. This essay was written in the 1730s, but not published until 1766. The published essay had been edited by Chikuzan and his brother. Nakai later wrote his own, highly emotional, response to Sorai's beliefs in his work Hi-Chō (1785). In this work he rejected the idea that individuals could not improve themselves through moral choices. He also claimed individuals were able judge if external ideas and actions were true or just
.  Denial of these morals, he felt, would leave only "rites and rules" to be followed.
Works
 Regulations for Study (Gakusoku, 1715)
 Distinguishing the Way (Bendō, 1717)
 Master Sorai's Teachings (Sorai sensei tōmonsho, 1724)

References

Further reading
 Najita, Tetsuo. (1998). Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.  
 Shirane, Haruo. (2006). Early Modern Japanese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. 
 Totman, Conrad. (1982). Japan Before Perry. Berkeley: University of California Press.  
 Tucker, J., ed. (2006). Ogyu Sorai’s Philosophical Masterworks: The Bendo And Benmei (Asian Interactions and Comparisons). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 
 Yamashita, Samuel Hideo. (1994). Master Sorai's Responsals: An Annotated Translation of Sorai Sensei Tōmonsho. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 

1666 births
1729 deaths
Japanese philosophers
Confucianism
People from Tokyo
Mercantilism is a kind of economic system that was present in most parts of Europe between the 16th and the 18th century. 

The term was first used by Marquis de Mirabeau in 1794. Adam Smith made it known to a wider audience in 1776. At that time, absolutism was the main form of government in Europe. These regimes needed money to finance a large military, the many people who worked in the government. The monarchs and princes also needed money in order to finance their lifestyle. These governments were also very nationalistic. For this reason, mercantilism is seen as a form of economic nationalism. 

The theory of mercantilism holds that the prosperity of a nation depends on its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable". Economic assets (or capital) are bullion (gold, silver, and trade value) held by the state, and is best increased through a positive balance of trade with other nations (exports minus imports).
The theory assumes that wealth and monetary assets are identical. Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, notably through the use of tariffs and subsidies. The theory dominated Western European economic policies from the 16th to the late-18th century.

References

Economic history
Economic systems
Maimonides was born in the Almoravid city of Córdoba in Spain, in 1135.  His Hebrew name was Moses ben Maimon. He is also known as the Rambam, from the initial letters of his title and name, Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon.

Maimonides was a doctor by profession.  Maimonides was one of the most important Jewish philosophers of the Middle Ages.  He tried to show that the philosophy of the ancient Greek thinker, Aristotle, and Judaism supported each other.

Important works
Maimonides' main philosophical work was called The Guide for the Perplexed. He wrote it in Arabic by 1190.  It has ideas from Aristotle's writings. The Guide influenced Christian Aristotelian theologians, for example, Thomas Aquinas.  In 1168, Maimonides finished a commentary to the Mishnah, the written version of traditional Jewish oral law.  Maimonides completed these books, called Mishneh Torah, in about 1178.  They are one of the most important collections of Jewish laws.
Life story
When Maimonides was thirteen years old, the Almohads took Cordoba away from the Almoravid dynasty. The Almohads were Muslims who were conquering Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain). They forced all non-Muslims to leave, change their religion to Islam, or be killed. This forced Maimonides' family to leave Cordoba. They spent twelve years traveling and looking for a home. During these years, he wrote the commentary on the Mishnah. Finally, his family settled in Cairo, Egypt. In 1166, Maimonides' father died and his brother drowned on a shipwreck in the Indian Ocean. 

By this time, Maimonides was a very popular Jewish leader. He helped the Jewish community in Cairo, Egypt. He lived there for the last part of his life, and taught and wrote about Judaism. He died in Cairo on December 13, 1204.

References
  

1135 births
1204 deaths
Egyptian Jews
European Jews
Jewish philosophers
People from Córdoba, Andalusia
Rabbis
Andalusian Muslims
There are 346 communes in Chile. A commune is the most basic administration unit in the country. They belong to one of the 54 provinces of Chile.

Table

Other websites 
Chile: Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas and Caseríos 2005 (INE) 
Censo Nacional de Población and Vivienda 2002 (INE) 
Las trayectorias del Desarrollo Humano en las comunas de Chile (1994-2003)  (PNUD and Gobierno de Chile)

Communes
The Decemberists are a rock band from Portland, Oregon. The band has folk rock influences. The band is named after the Decembrist Revolt that happened in Russia in the 19th century. The band likes to tell stories in their songs. Lead singer Colin Meloy has stated that he has an interest in literature, especially from the Victorian era.

Discography 
 Castaways and Cutouts (2002)
 Her Majesty the Decemberists (2003)
 Picaresque (2005)
 The Crane Wife (2006)
 The Hazards of Love (2009)
 The King Is Dead (2011)
 What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World (2015)
 The Queen of Hearts (with Olivia Chaney as Offa Rex, 2017)
 I'll Be Your Girl (2018)

References

Other websites
The band's official website 

American rock bands
Indie rock bands
Folk music groups
Musical groups from Oregon
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
2000 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in Oregon
was the 31st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

The years of the reign of Yōmei start in 585 and end in 587.  The names and sequence of the early emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history
Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Yōmei to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Yōmei-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

Emperor Yōmei was the fourth son of Emperor Kimmei. His mother, Soga no Kitashihime, was a daughter of Soga no Iname.

His palace in Yamato Province was called Namitsuki no Miya at Ikebe.

Yōmei had three Empresses and seven Imperial sons and daughters.

Yōmei's son, Prince Umayado, is also known as Prince Shōtoku.

Events of Yōmei's life
586: In the 14th year of Bidatsu's reign, the emperor died. The succession (senso) received by Bidatsu's younger brother who would become Emperor Yōmei. This was confirmed in ceremonies.
 587, in the 4th month: Yōmei died and his body was placed in a coffin, but not buried. His reign lasted only two years.  He died at the age of 69.
 587, in the 5th month: There was armed conflict over the succession; and forces led by Prince Shōtoku and Soga no Umako overcame the opposition.  The throne passed to a younger brother who would become known as Emperor Shushun.

 587, in the 7th month: The body of former Emperor Yōmei was buried.

After his death 
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).  Yōmei is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Yōmei Seamount

References

Other websites
Other websites

518 births
587 deaths
Emperors of Japan
The Arica Province () is a province of Chile. It belongs to the Arica and Parinacota (XV), the northernmost and the newest of the Chilean regions. Its capital is the port city of Arica.

Geography
Arica province is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The province has an area of .

Arica is bordered on the north by the Tacna province of Peru, on the south by the Tamarugal province in the Tarapacá region, on the east by the Parinacota province and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Population
 (last national census), there were 186,488 people (91,742 men and 93,526 women) living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest city of the province is Arica, its  capital, with a population, in 2002, of 175,441 inhabitants.
Administration
As a province, Arica is a second-level administrative division, consisting of two communes (comunas): Arica in the northern portion and Camarones in the south. The coastal city of Arica serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

References

Other websites
 Municipality of Arica website 
 Official website of the Local Government 
 Arica Region 

Arica
Arica y Parinacota Region
Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British physicist, biologist and humanist.

He is one of those who worked out the structure of DNA. Using X-ray crystallography results from Maurice Wilkins' biophysics team at King's College London, Crick and James Watson discovered that DNA has what is called a "double helix structure".

This means that DNA is made of two chains wound round each other to make a spiral. Only one of the chains carries information, but the two chains together makes the molecule more stable. DNA is the basis of heredity for almost all forms of life today.

Crick, Watson and Wilkins won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1962. Their work sparked a huge amount of research in molecular and cell biology and, as a result, many subsequent Nobel awards have been made.

Later work

Molecular biology
Molecular biology 

During the mid-to-late 1950s Crick helped sort out the way proteins are synthesized. In 1958, Crick's listed all the key features of the protein synthesis process:
genetic information stored in the sequence of DNA molecules
a messenger RNA molecule to carry the instructions for making one protein to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
adaptor molecules ("they might contain nucleotides") to match short sequences of nucleotides in the RNA messenger molecules to specific amino acids
ribonucleic-protein complexes that catalyse the assembly of amino acids into proteins according to the messenger RNA

The adaptor molecules were eventually shown to be tRNAs and the catalytic "ribonucleic-protein complexes" became known as ribosomes. An important step was later realization (in 1960) that the messenger RNA was not the same as the ribosomal RNA.
The next fundamental question was the exact nature of the genetic code. In his 1958 article, Crick speculated, as had others, that a triplet of nucleotides could code for an amino acid. Crick also used the term "central dogma" to summarize an idea that implies that genetic information flow between macro molecules would be essentially one-way:

DNA → RNA → Protein

In his thinking about the processes linking DNA genes to proteins, Crick made clear the distinction between the materials involved, the energy required, and the information flow. Crick was focused on this third component (information) and it became the organizing principle of what became known as molecular biology.

Neurophysiology 
In the final phase of his career, Crick, Watson and Christof Koch published a series of articles on consciousness (1990–2005).
Crick decided to focus his work on how the brain generates visual awareness within a few hundred milliseconds of viewing a scene. Crick's book The Astonishing Hypothesis made the argument that neuroscience now had the tools required to begin a scientific study of how brains produce conscious experiences.

The Francis Crick Institute
The Francis Crick Institute is a £660,000,000 biomedical research centre in London. The Francis Crick Institute is a partnership between Cancer Research UK, Imperial College London, King's College London, the Medical Research Council, University College London (UCL) and the Wellcome Trust. It is the largest centre for biomedical research and innovation in Europe.

The Institute is next to St Pancras station on the Euston Road. It has an annual budget of over £100 million. The building’s vaulted roof is arranged into two shells and is fitted with solar panels. A third of the building is below ground to reduce its visible mass. RIP Francis

References
References

1916 births
2004 deaths
British biophysicists
British Nobel Prize winners
Cancer deaths in San Diego County
Deaths from colorectal cancer
English molecular biologists
British neuroscientists
Order of Merit
People from Northamptonshire
For the province, see Province of Arica. For the region, see Region of Arica and Parinacota.

Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 196,590 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. It is Chile's most northern city; it is at only  south of the border with Peru.

The city is the capital since 2007 of both the Arica Province and the Arica and Parinacota Region. It was founded on 25 April 1541 by Lucas Martínez Vegaso as San Marcos de Arica.

Population
 (last national census), there were 185,268 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of Arica has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 175,441 inhabitants.

Geography

Arica is on the Pacific Ocean coast at the bend of South America's western coast known as the Arica Bend or Arica Elbow. The city is on the foot of the Morro of Arica, or just El Morro, a steep and tall hill,  above sea level.
The city is at  from Santiago, the national capital. The mouths of two rivers: the Lluta and the San José de Azapa rivers, are near the city.

The commune has an area of . It borders with Peru (Tacna province) on the north, the Parinacota province on the east, the Camarones commune on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Arica is a "mild desert climate" and of the subtype "BWh/BWn". Arica is known as the more dry inhabited place on Earth, at least as measured by rainfall: the average amount of precipitation for the year is .

The average temperature for the year in Arica is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

The highest recorded temperature in Arica is , which was recorded in March. The lowest recorded temperature in Arica is  , which was recorded in May.

Gallery

Notable residents
Notable residents 

 Dante Poli - Former football player
 Hipólito Unanue - Physician, and briefly president of Peru
 Américo - Chilean singer

References

Other websites 
 Municipality of Arica  

Cities in Chile
Communes of Chile
Capitals of Chilean regions
Arica y Parinacota Region
Camarones is a city and commune of Chile, in the Region of Arica and Parinacota. It has 1,220 people. The centre of the city is in Cuyo, near the Chile Highway 5. It is mostly rural. It does not have much tourist activity.

It was founded in December 30, 1927 as Codpa.

Cities in Chile
1927 establishments in Chile
Communes of Chile
Arica y Parinacota Region
(loud river in Aymara) is a city in Chile. It is the capital of the province of Parinacota, in the region of Arica and Parinacota, in the north of Chile. The city was founded in December 30, 1927, and in 1979, the old town called Belén was appended to Putre.

Cities in Chile
Communes of Chile
Arica y Parinacota Region
General Lagos is a city in the region of Arica and Parinacota, in the north of Chile. It is named after Pedro Lagos, who directed the assault to the morro de Arica, during the battle of Arica. It was founded in December 30, 1927 as Comuna de General Lagos and they are called visvireños, since the most important area in the town is called Visvirí.

Cities in Chile
Arica y Parinacota Region
Alto Hospicio is a city in Chile. It is in the province of Iquique, region of Tarapacá. It has 80,000 people. It was founded on April 12, 2004. Before that, it was part of Iquique.

Other websites 
 Municipality of Alto Hospicio 

Cities in Chile
2004 establishments
21st-century establishments in Chile
Iquique Province
Pozo Almonte is a city in the province of Tamarugal in the region of Tarapacá, in northern Chile. It has an area of 13.765,8 km², and a population of 14.366. It was founded in 1875. 

Cities in Chile
Tamarugal Province
(home in Aymara) is a city in Chile. It is in the province of Tamarugal, region of Tarapacá. It had 1.275 people as of 2002. It was founded in September 8, 1970. It has an area of 2.200,2 km². The slogan of the city is effort land.

Cities in Chile
Tamarugal Province
Colchane (Aymara: from qullchanni, existence of pasturage) is a city in Chile in the province of Tamarugal.

It has 1,700 inhabitants and an area of 4,015 km2. It was originally founded as Los Cóndores in September 8, 1970.

Cities in Chile
Tamarugal Province
Huara is a city in the province of Tamarugal, Region of Tarapacá, Chile. The commune also comprises the Pisagua and Tarapacá hamlets.

Cities in Chile
Tamarugal Province
Pica is a city in Chile, in the province of Tamarugal, Tarapacá. It is in an oasis in the middle of the Atacama Desert. Pica is famous for its small and unusually acidic lemons. It has an average temperature of 40°C. Pica has 6,178 inhabitants.

References 

Cities in Chile
Tamarugal Province
Motion blindness (also called Akinetopsia)  is a medical condition (although not a medical condition that is not currently recognized by the World Health Organization) in which a person cannot see objects that are moving even though they can see the objects that do not move. The condition seems to be very rare, and related to the nerves. It may also be psychological. There is currently no treatment for this condition. A lot of information about this condition comes from different case studies done between 1913 and 2003. Most of what is known is from a single patient, called LM. LM was a 43 year old woman who was treated in a hospital in 1978, after she had suffered a stroke.
Characteristics
People who suffer from motion blindness have normal vision: They can see different objects sharply, can tell the distance between them (that one is farther away than the other) and they see the different colors the objects might have. This applies to shapes, objects and faces.  They do not, however, see the objects move. Besides simple perception, akinetopsia also disturbs motoric tasks which rely on visual perception, such as reaching for objects and catching objects. When doing tasks, feedback of one's own motion appears to be important.
Causes
Currently, three conditions are known that cause motion blindness:
Damage done to the brain, in the posterior of the visual cortex. LM's brain was damaged on both sides, in a symmetrical way. 
The condition can be simulated with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the area known as V5 of the visual cortex, in healthy people. The effect is temporary and will only last for a short time
People suffering from Alzheimer's disease may also suffer from motion blindness. This could add to their marked disorientation. While Pelak and Hoyt have recorded an Alzheimer's case study, there has not been much research done on the subject as of yet.

References

Vision
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first battles of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were between British soldiers, who wanted to take away the colonists' weapons and to arrest John Hancock and Samuel Adams on the way to Concord, and American colonists on April 19, 1775. They were fought in two towns outside Boston, Massachusetts: Lexington, Massachusetts and Concord, Massachusetts.
The Patriots found out long before that could happen, and they safely evacuated the place.

The first battle was fought on Lexington Green in Lexington. General Gage, along with 700 British soldiers, marched there to find and destroy hidden weapons. However, they were met by 70 minutemen. The battle lasted only a few minutes, but 8 minutemen died and 9 were hurt. Only 1 British soldier had been injured, and the soldiers then went to Concord to seize supplies like food, guns, and ammunition, which were stored by the militia.
On the way back to Boston, they were ambushed by 400 minutemen. This time, Britain lost 250 soldiers, and only 90 Americans died.

References

Lexington and Concord
1775 in the Thirteen Colonies
1770s in Massachusetts
April events
was the 32nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign started in 587 and ended in 592.  Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Sushun to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Sushun-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was Hatsusebe-shinnō, also known as Hatsusebe no Waka-sazaki.  His name at birth was Hatsusebe no Miko (長谷部皇子).

Sushun was the twelfth son of Emperor Kimmei.  His mother was , a daughter of Soga no Iname, who was the chief of the Soga clan.

Sushun had one Empress and two Imperial children.

Events of Sushun's life
587:  In the 2nd year of Yōmei's reign, he died. The succession was received by a younger half-brother who would become known as Emperor Sushun. This was confirmed in ceremonies.

 592: Sushun's reign lasted for five years before his death at the age of 72.

The emperor's first minister was his powerful uncle, Soga no Umako.  Sushun planned to remove the head of the Soga clan from his office.  When the plan was discovered, Umako ordered someone to murder Sushun.  In the early history of Japan, this is the second time that an emperor is murdered.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Sushun.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).  Sushun is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.
Related pages 
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References 

520s births
592 deaths
Emperors of Japan
No. 3 Fighter Sector (3FS) was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) unit during World War Two. No. 3FS was responsible for fighter aircraft control and coordination for the Townsville region. 3FS would collect all of the intelligence information from the various D/F stations and VAOC posts, decide on the what needed to be done and then tell the  fighter or bomber squadrons to respond. 3FS was in telephone and radio contact with all of the anti-aircraft, searchlight, RDF and HF/DF stations in the Townsville area.
It was first set up at Townsville Grammar School, on 25 February 1942.  The Women's Auxiliary Australian  Air Force members of 3FS lived at St Anne’s Girls School,  Townsville. In 1942, a new headquarters for No. 3FS was built at Wulguru, Townsville. The site was a proper military camp site with its own power house, barracks, kitchens, toilets and recreation hall. There were as many as 62 different buildings in 3FS HQ. The camp was on the side of a hill near Mt Stuart, on the west side of the road to Charters Towers. It can still be seen today on the hill on the opposite side of the Stuart Shopping Centre.
No. 3FS was renamed 103 Fighter Control Unit (103 FCU) on 7 March 1944. The Stuart complex was complete and ready to use on 20 December 1944. The main operations building was a bunker made of 30-centimetre (12 in) thick reinforced concrete designed to withstand a direct bomb hit. It had a mezzanine floor and was air-conditioned. 3 Fighter Sector Headquarters had 32 rooms in the large rectangular concrete building with walls forming various passageways. The building still stands today and is 60 by 42 feet (18.3 m × 12.8 m). 
All air raid warnings were started from this bunker by red, yellow and white flares. There was also HQ located in North Ward, Townsville. 103 FCU was disbanded in Townsville on 21 January 1945.
After the war
After the war, the buildings were used to house new migrants to Australia. The buildings were still furnished at the time. In 1961 it was purchased by James Cook University of Queensland and was used as a temporary accommodation for students while their residential halls were being built. The bunker itself still had its communication and signals equipment. A few years later the inside of the bunker was destroyed by fire. In 1971 the rest of the buildings were demolished. The site is now owned by the Department of Environment and Resources.

Ammunition storage 

In 1999, a group of people, had been raising money and getting the right equipment to fix this bunker after it was burned and destroyed by fire. They wanted to turn it into a museum. The Department of Environment and Resources have said that the building is not safe. In 2009 the bunker was fenced off.
Many people in Townsville believe that the bunker may still have ammunition and chemical weapons left over from the war. They also think that the bunker is part of a network of tunnels built during the war in the hills around Townsville. The Department of Defence has said that neither of these claims are true.

References

Queensland
Jimmy Carr (born 15 September 1972) is an English-Irish comedian. He is the presenter of 8 out of 10 Cats on Channel 4 and has appeared on many TV shows on the same channel and on others. He travels around the country and performs a lot of comedy on stage (stand-up comedy). He is one of the UK's most successful comedians.

Personal life
Carr has dual citizenship - British and Irish. He was born in London to Irish immigrant parents. He has a degree in political science from the University of Cambridge. He lives with his girlfriend, Karoline Copping, in North London. She works for Channel Five. Carr is an atheist. He used to be a Christian. Importantly, because of his religion, he did not have sex until he was 26. He stopped being a Christian in his mid-20s.

Criticism
Some people, including a Member of Parliament, journalists and other comedians, have criticized Carr. Some of his jokes and comedy are seen by some as being offensive.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

1972 births
Living people
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British stand-up comedians
Channel 4 presenters
Comedians from London
English atheists
English movie actors
English television presenters
English television writers
Irish comedians
Irish movie actors
Irish television personalities
Irish writers
People from the London Borough of Hounslow
Writers from London
Kingdom Records is a British record label from the 1970s and 1980s that was important in early British and Jamaican dub music.

History 
One of Kingdom Records' first releases was the 1972 Mojo Hannah single "Six Days on the Road".

Artists 
The following artists have all had recordings on Kingdom Records:

 Barrington Levy
 B.B. King
 Caravan
 Culture
 Gregory Isaacs
 Mojo Hannah
 Pulsar
 Revelation (8)
 The Royals
 Scientist
 Simple Simon
 Wayne Gibson#
 Judge Dread

References 

British_record_labels
A whirlpool is a body of rotating water. It is usually produced by ocean tides. A bigger whirlpool is called a maelstrom. It is also produced by a current running into an obstacle or opposing currents.

Whirlpools as a threat 
Many stories tell of ships being sucked into a maelstrom, although only smaller craft are actually in danger. If you swim close to it, it will bring you underwater. You will drown and surface after a few seconds.

Other websites 

Bodies of water
Ocean currents
A clipper was a very fast sailing ship of the 19th century.  The word "clipper" comes from a word meaning: "fast".  Clippers had several masts and a square rig. They were quite narrow for their length. Clipper ships were mostly made in British and American shipyards, but France, the Netherlands and other countries also made some. Clippers sailed all over the world, especially on the trade routes between the United Kingdom and its colonies in the east, in trans-Atlantic trade, and the New York-to-San Francisco route round Cape Horn during the California Gold Rush.  Dutch clippers were built beginning in 1850s for bringing tea to Europe and taking passengers to and from Java.

Sailing ships
Trade routes
Kim You-Jin (born 19 June 1983) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Suwon Samsung Bluewings||rowspan="3"|K-League||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2005||Busan I'Park||K-League||21||0||1||0||4||0||26||0

|-
|2006||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||40||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||3

|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Busan I'Park||rowspan="3"|K-League||6||1||1||0||5||0||12||1
|-
|2008||19||1||2||0||6||1||27||2
|-
|2009||7||0||0||0||3||0||10||0

|-
|2010||Yokohama||J. League 2||||||||||||||||

|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|Liaoning Whowin||||||||||||||
|-
|2012||||||||||||||||
53||2||5||0||18||1||76||3
40||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||3
93||5||6||0||18||1||117||6
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
Sportspeople from Busan
Carlos Sánchez García (born 18 January 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Castellón.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||1||0
|-
|2002/03||0||0
|-
|2003/04||0||0
|-
|2004/05||Polideportivo Ejido||Segunda División||5||0
|-
|2005/06||Almería||Segunda División||3||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Castellón||rowspan="4"|Segunda División||0||0
|-
|2007/08||33||0
|-
|2008/09||34||0
|-
|2009/10||||
76||0
76||0
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Spanish association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Madrid
Edmilson dos Santos Silva (born 15 September 1982) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004||rowspan="4"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||29||15||1||0||5||4||colspan="2"|-||35||19
|-
|2005||33||18||1||0||6||4||colspan="2"|-||40||22
|-
|2006||25||10||2||1||1||2||colspan="2"|-||28||13
|-
|2007||29||19||1||0||5||3||colspan="2"|-||35||22
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||31||11||2||0||6||3||4||2||43||16
|-
|2009||33||17||1||0||7||3||colspan="2"|-||41||20
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
180||90||8||1||30||19||4||2||222||112
180||90||8||1||30||19||4||2||222||112

References 
 Urawa Red Diamonds 

1982 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Sportspeople from Salvador, Bahia
The Mariinsky Theatre  is a famous theatre of opera and ballet in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was opened in 1860 and soon became the most important theatre for opera and ballet in Russia.  Many great operas and ballets of the 19th century were first performed there, including the greatest stage works by Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov.

The Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet, Mariinsky Opera and Mariinsky Orchestra.  The conductor Valery Gergiev has been the general director there since 1988.

The theatre’s name 
The theatre is named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Tsar Alexander II. There is a bust of the Empress in the main entrance hall. The theatre's name has changed several times during its history, because of different political parties that were in power.
The theatre building is commonly called the Mariinsky Theatre. The companies that use it have kept the famous Kirov name, which it got during the Soviet period in honour of the murdered Leningrad Communist Party leader, Sergey Kirov (1886-1934).
Origins
The first ballet groups to perform in St Petersburg were Italian ballet dancers in the early 18th century.  Catherine the Great wanted a Russian theatre to be built.  It was built in 1783.  It was called Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre (“Kamenny” is the Russian word for “stone”.  It was used to distinguish the building from the wooden theatre that was being used.).  The building we see today dates from 1860.  It opened with a performance of Glinka’s opera A Life for the Tsar.  It was called the Mariinsky Theatre, named after the Empress Maria Alexandrovna.  The great choreographer Marius Petipa put on the first performances of many famous ballets such as Tchaikovsky’s The Sleeping Beauty in 1890, The Nutcracker in 1892, Alexander Glazunov's ballet Raymonda in 1898, and an updated version of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake (with Lev Ivanov) in 1895.
When the theatre became the main home of the Imperial Ballet and Opera in 1886, the theatre was improved.  Many operas were performed there, including first performances of Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, Rimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel, Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades and Iolanthe, Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet and Cinderella, and Khachaturian's Spartacus were also produced there.

The imperial and Soviet theater was the home of many great impresarios, conductors, and musicians. The Vaganova Academy of Russia Ballet, the ballet school of the Mariinksy Theatre, started the careers of Mathilde Kschessinskaya, Olga Preobrajenskaya, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, Marina Semenova, George Balanchine, Galina Ulanova, Rudolf Nureyev, Natalia Makarova, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Irina Kolpakova, Galina Mezentseva, Altynai Asylmuratova, and in more recent times famous dancers like Ulyana Lopatkina, Diana Vishneva, and Svetlana Zakharova.

The Mariinsky Theatre today
Yuri Temirkanov was Principal Conductor from 1976 to 1988.  He conducted many modern and classical operas.   Since 1988, Valery Gergiev has brought even more fame to the theatre.  It has now got links with many of the world's great opera houses, including the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera, the Opéra Bastille, La Scala, La Fenice, the Tel Aviv Opera, the Washington National Opera and the San Francisco Opera. Today, the Opera Company regularly tours to most of these cities.

Other websites

Mariinsky Theatre Official Website

References 

Opera houses
Buildings and structures in Saint Petersburg
Ballet
Dragan Džajić (born 30 May 1946) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1962/63||rowspan="13"|Red Star Belgrade||rowspan="13"|First League||1||0
|-
|1963/64||23||4
|-
|1964/65||28||9
|-
|1965/66||27||9
|-
|1966/67||24||13
|-
|1967/68||27||12
|-
|1968/69||33||16
|-
|1969/70||30||13
|-
|1970/71||29||12
|-
|1971/72||23||8
|-
|1972/73||20||9
|-
|1973/74||0||0
|-
|1974/75||16||3

|-
|1975/76||rowspan="2"|Bastia||rowspan="2"|Division 1||31||10
|-
|1976/77||35||21

|-
|1977/78||Red Star Belgrade||First League||25||5
306||113
66||31
372||144
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1964||7||0
|-
|1965||4||2
|-
|1966||6||1
|-
|1967||5||0
|-
|1968||11||6
|-
|1969||5||3
|-
|1970||9||2
|-
|1971||7||3
|-
|1972||14||3
|-
|1973||1||0
|-
|1974||9||1
|-
|1975||2||0
|-
|1976||2||2
|-
|1977||2||0
|-
|1978||0||0
|-
|1979||1||0
|-
!Total||85||23
|}

References
References 

1946 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
Yugoslavia at UEFA Euro 1968
Yugoslavia at UEFA Euro 1976
Masaki Yamamoto (born 24 August 1987) is a Japanes football player. He plays for Shimizu S-Pulse.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="6"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||4||0||0||0||3||0||7||0
|-
|2006||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2008||11||2||2||1||7||1||20||4
|-
|2009||24||1||3||0||6||1||33||2
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
40||3||5||1||17||2||62||6
40||3||5||1||17||2||62||6
|}

References
Shimizu S-Pulse 

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Hisao Kuramata (born 1 December 1958) is a former Japanese football player.

References

1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Baltic might mean:

Baltic Sea
Baltic region, the area that surrounds the Baltic Sea
Baltic states, the countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which are next to the Baltic Sea
Baltic, South Dakota, a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota
is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1980||Toyo Industries||JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1981||rowspan="11"|Mazda||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1982||||||||||||||||
|-
|1983||||||||||||||||
|-
|1984||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1985/86||||||||||||||||
|-
|1986/87||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1987/88||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||30||3||||||2||0||32||3
|-
|1990/91||26||3||||||3||1||29||4
|-
|1991/92||JSL Division 1||22||6||||||4||0||26||6
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||3||0||4||0
|-
|1993||3||0||0||0||3||0||6||0
81||12||1||0||15||1||97||13
81||12||1||0||15||1||97||13
|}

References

1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Nobuhiro Takeda (born 22 March 1965) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="7"|Honda||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||21||0||||||0||0||21||0
|-
|1991/92||22||0||||||4||0||26||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||17||0||||||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1993||18||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|1994||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||Football League||28||0||0||0||1||0||29||0
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
108||0||0||0||5||0||113||0
108||0||0||0||5||0||113||0
|}

References
Cerezo Osaka 

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka
is a former Japanese football player and manager.

Biography
Ueno was born in Koka on August 26, 1965. After graduating from Waseda University, he joined Japan Soccer League club All Nippon Airways in 1988. Although he debuted in February 1990, he could not play many matches. In 1991, he moved to Mazda (later Sanfrecce Hiroshima). He played many matches as center back and defensive midfielder. However he could not play at all in the match from 1993 and he retired end of 1994 season.

In 1988, Ueno was selected Japan national "B team" for 1988 Asian Cup. But he did not play in the match.
After retirement, Ueno started coaching career at Sanfrecce Hiroshima in 1995. He mainly served as an assistant coach for top team and manager for youth team until 2003. In 2004, he became a manager for Japan U-20 national team. In 2005, he signed with Kyoto Purple Sanga (later Kyoto Sanga FC) and served mainly a assistant coach for top team until 2008. In 2009, he moved to Regional Leagues club Zweigen Kanazawa. The club was promoted to Japan Football League (JFL) in 2010. he managed the club until 2011. In 2012, he signed with Albirex Niigata and managed the youth team until 2013. In May 2012, top team manager Hisashi Kurosaki was sacked and Ueno managed top team as caretaker until June when the club signed with new manager Masaaki Yanagishita. In 2014, he signed with JFL club Renofa Yamaguchi FC. In 2014, the club won the 4th place and was promoted to J3 League. In 2015, the club won the champions and was promoted to J2 League
. However the club results were bad in 2017 season, he was sacked in May when the club was 20th place of 22 clubs. In May 2018, he signed with J2 club Ventforet Kofu. He managed the club in 1 season and resigned end of 2018 season.
Statistics

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|All Nippon Airways||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1989/90||4||1||||||0||0||4||1
|-
|1990/91||6||0||||||0||0||6||0
|-
|1991/92||Mazda||JSL Division 1||18||1||||||1||0||19||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="3"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||1||0||8||0||9||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
28||2||1||0||9||0||38||2
28||2||1||0||9||0||38||2
|}

References

Other websites

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Shiga Prefecture
Japanese football managers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Yokohama Flügels players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
is a former Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player and manager.

In 2008-2009, he was manager of Bhutan's national football team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Toyota Motors||JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||12||0||||||0||0||12||0
|-
|1991/92||1||0||||||0||0||1||0
13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|}

References

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Shimizu S-Pulse managers
Sport in Bhutan
Marvell Wynne (born 8 May 1986) is an American soccer player. He plays for Colorado Rapids and United States national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Red Bull New York||rowspan="2"|Major League Soccer||28||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Toronto||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||22||0
|-
|2008||24||2
|-
|2009||12||0
|-
|2010||Colorado Rapids||Major League Soccer||||
96||2
96||2
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

1986 births
Living people
American soccer players
Faas Wilkes (13 October 1923 – 15 August 2006) was a Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1949/50||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||34||17
|-
|1950/51||38||23
|-
|1951/52||23||7
|-
|1952/53||Torino||Serie A||12||1

|-
|1953/54||rowspan="3"|Valencia||rowspan="3"|La Liga||28||18
|-
|1954/55||15||9
|-
|1955/56||19||11

|-
|1956/57||rowspan="2"|VVV Venlo||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||30||8
|-
|1957/58||34||15

|-
|1958/59||Levante||Segunda División||34||20

|-
|1959/60||rowspan="3"|Fortuna||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||30||16
|-
|1960/61||27||5
|-
|1961/62||31||12
107||48
96||58
152||56
355||162
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1946||4||9
|-
|1947||4||2
|-
|1948||6||4
|-
|1949||4||2
|-
|1950||0||0
|-
|1951||0||0
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||0||0
|-
|1955||3||2
|-
|1956||1||1
|-
|1957||6||4
|-
|1958||4||5
|-
|1959||3||5
|-
|1960||0||0
|-
|1961||3||1
|-
!Total||38||35
|}

References
References 

1923 births
2006 deaths
Footballers from Rotterdam
Kazuhito Mochizuki (born 1 December 1957) is a former Japanese football player.

References

1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Hidenori Kato (born 13 May 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.

Club career statistics

|-
|2004||rowspan="5"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||16||0||2||0||18||0
|-
|2005||21||1||1||0||22||1
|-
|2006||27||0||1||0||28||0
|-
|2007||10||1||3||0||13||1
|-
|2008||12||0||0||0||12||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Gainare Tottori||rowspan="3"|Football League||12||1||0||0||12||1
|-
|2009||25||0||0||0||25||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||
123||3||7||0||130||3
123||3||7||0||130||3
|}

References
Gainare Tottori 

1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Shota Koide (born 29 September 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.

Club career statistics

|-
|2004||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||15||0||1||0||16||0
|-
|2005||12||1||0||0||12||1
|-
|2006||6||0||1||1||7||1
|-
|2007||17||0||0||0||17||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Gainare Tottori||rowspan="3"|Football League||24||3||1||0||25||3
|-
|2009||21||2||0||0||21||2
|-
|2010||||||||||||
95||6||3||1||98||7
95||6||3||1||98||7
|}

References
Gainare Tottori 

1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Hirotsugu Nakabayashi (born 28 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||28||0||0||0||4||0||32||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
32||0||0||0||4||0||36||0
32||0||0||0||4||0||36||0
|}

References
Sanfrecce Hiroshima 

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Hiroshi Narazaki (born 1 June 1981) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||6||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2005||28||1||0||0||28||1
|-
|2006||8||0||0||0||8||0
42||1||0||0||42||1
42||1||0||0||42||1
|}

References

1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Ante Šimundža (born 28 September 1971) is a former Slovenian football player. He has played for Slovenia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="6"|Maribor Branik||rowspan="6"|PrvaLiga||37||17
|-
|1992/93||32||15
|-
|1993/94||25||12
|-
|1994/95||28||9
|-
|1995/96||30||7
|-
|1996/97||17||7

|-
|1997||Brummell Sendai||Football League||22||11

|-
|1997/98||Maribor Teatanic||PrvaLiga||2||0

|-
|1997/98||Young Boys||Nationalliga B||0||0

|-
|1998||Malmö FF||Allsvenskan||3||0

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Maribor Teatanic||rowspan="2"|PrvaLiga||14||3
|-
|1999/00||27||8
|-
|2000/01||Maribor Pivovarna Laško||PrvaLiga||15||3

|-
|2000/01||Louviéroise||First Division||11||5

|-
|2001/02||Aluminij||Second League||14||11
|-
|2002/03||Šmartno||PrvaLiga||29||9
272||101
22||11
0||0
3||0
11||5
308||117
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References
References

1971 births
Living people
Slovenian footballers
Grazer AK managers
Toyoki Hasegawa (born 18 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for HOYO Atletico ELAN Oita.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||21||3||1||0||22||3
|-
|2006||39||1||2||0||41||1
|-
|2007||12||0||0||0||12||0
|-
|2008||10||0||1||0||11||0
82||4||4||0||86||4
82||4||4||0||86||4
|}

References

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Kumamoto Prefecture
Takaaki Suzuki (born 7 October 1981) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||44||15||2||0||46||15
|-
|2006||24||2||0||0||24||2
|-
|2007||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||17||0||0||0||17||0
85||17||2||0||87||17
85||17||2||0||87||17
|}

References

1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Kentaro Yoshida (born 5 October 1980) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||5||1||0||0||2||0||7||1
|-
|2001||J. League 2||2||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||31||5||1||1||colspan="2"|-||32||6
|-
|2003||13||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2004||15||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Tochigi||rowspan="3"|Football League||28||13||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||13
|-
|2006||29||12||4||2||colspan="2"|-||33||14
|-
|2007||9||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||2
|-
|2008||Matsumoto Yamaga||Regional Leagues||10||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||12||2
142||35||12||2||2||0||16||37
142||35||12||2||2||0||16||37
|}

References

1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture