Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
. Super Mario Bros. was the most popular on the Wii Virtual Console. Super Mario Sunshine was the third best-selling video game for the GameCube.
The first The Legend of Zelda game was the fifth best-selling game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The Wind Waker was the fourth best-selling game for the GameCube. Twilight Princess had sold well. In the PAL region, which covers most of Asia, Africa, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and most of Western Europe, Twilight Princess is the best-selling Zelda game ever. During its first week, the game was sold with three out of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 4.52 million copies on the Wii as of March 1, 2008. 1.32 million copies were sold on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007.

Awards and recognition

The name of the main character of the PC game Daikatana, Hiro Miyamoto, is for Miyamoto. The character Gary Oak from the Pokémon anime series is named Shigeru in Japan.  He is the rival of Ash Ketchum (called Satoshi in Japan). Pokémon creator Satoshi Tajiri was mentored by Miyamoto.
In 1998, Miyamoto was the first person to be in the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame. In 2006, Miyamoto was made a Chevalier (knight) of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres.

On November 28, 2006, Miyamoto was in TIME Asia's "60 Years of Asian Heroes," alongside Hayao Miyazaki, Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Bruce Lee and the Dalai Lama. He was later one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People of the Year in both 2007 and also in 2008. At the Game Developers Choice Awards, on March 7, 2007, Miyamoto received the Lifetime Achievement Award. Both GameTrailers and IGN placed Miyamoto first on their lists for the "Top Ten Game Creators" and the "Top 100 Game Creators of All Time".
He was made a Fellow of BAFTA at the British Academy Video Games Awards on March 19, 2010. In 2012, Miyamoto was the first interactive creator to be awarded the highest recognition in the Spanish-speaking world, the Prince of Asturias Award.

Personal Life
Miyamoto has a wife, Yasuko, and two children. In 2010, his son was 25 and working at an advertising agency. His daughter was 23 and studying zoology at the time. His children played video games in their youth, but he also made them go outside. Although he knows some English, he is not fluent and would rather speak in Japanese for interviews.

Miyamoto usually does not sign autographs. He is worried that if he signs an autograph for one person, many other people will ask for autographs too. He also does not appear on Japanese television because he likes privacy. More foreign tourists than Japanese people recognize him.
Miyamoto does not spend much time playing video games in his personal time. He likes playing the guitar, mandolin, and banjo. He likes bluegrass music. He has a Shetland Sheepdog named Pikku. The dog was why Miyamoto wanted to create Nintendogs. He is also a semi-professional dog breeder. He has been quoted as saying, "Video games are bad for you? That's what they said about rock and roll."

Miyamoto like to move the furniture in his house, even late at night. He also said that he has a hobby of guessing how long something is, then checking to see if he was correct. He carries a measuring tape with him everywhere. In December 2016, Miyamoto showed his hobby on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. He also played the Super Mario Bros. theme on guitar with The Roots during the same show.

Games created

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
 Shigeru Miyamoto on Nintendo Miiverse
 "Master of Play" profile in the New Yorker, December 20, 2010
 New York Times profile, May 25, 2008
  from the digital TV series Play Value
Shigeru Miyamoto at RAWG

1952 births
Living people
Japanese video game designers
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Nintendo people
Individual can be an adjective or a noun.

As an adjective, a living thing that is individual is not in a group (by him/her/itself). An object that is individual is for only one person or thing (not shared by a group). Something that is individual can also be different from anyone else (unique).

Some students learn better with tutors because they get individual attention.
He has a very individual taste in music.

As a noun, an individual is only one person or thing, not a group. An individual can also mean someone who is different from anyone else (one a kind).

The rights of individuals
A strange individual

Related pages 
Individualism
Identity (philosophy)

Basic English 1500 Words
A truck (or lorry in British English) is a motor vehicle used to transport goods, materials, or troops. The word "truck" comes from the Greek word "trochos", which means "wheel".  Most trucks use diesel fuel. Trucks have variations in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile, Also, the road spreads the weight of the truck which means larger amounts can be carried than with freight trains and railway tracks.

Sizes of trucks

Light trucks
Light trucks are trucks the size of cars. They are used by individuals and also companies. In the United States, a truck is a light truck if it weighs less than 6,300 kg (13,000 lb). Light trucks are only a little heavier than vans or pickup trucks, but require a special driver's license.
Medium trucks
Medium trucks are heavier than light trucks but lighter than heavy trucks. In the United States, a truck is a medium truck if it weighs between 6,300 kg (13,000 lb) and 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). Trucks that are used for local delivery and public service (dump trucks, garbage trucks) are normally around this size. Medium trucks have usually two axles: one at front and one at rear. The rear wheels may be coupled (that is: two wheels hitched together) to enable heavier load, but they may also be single.
Heavy trucks
Heavy trucks are the heaviest trucks that are allowed on the road. In the U.K. they are known as lorries. Usually heavy trucks have three axles: one at front and two at rear, and the rear axles have coupled wheels to enable heavy loads. Often heavy trucks pull trailers. They can be either full trailers which have both front and rear axles or boggies and their own brakes, and are connected to the towing truck with a towbar, or semi-trailers, which are attached to a special kind of a truck called tractor unit with a turntable coupling ("fifth wheel"). A semi-trailer is a kind of trailer which has wheels only in the back and the front rides on the back of the tractor unit. The tractor unit has an engine and the semi-trailer does not. Driving a heavy truck requires a professional driver's license. Truck drivers are called truckers.
The laws of various countries say what kind of vehicle combinations are allowed. A semi-trailer can be converted into a full trailer with using a dolly. A dolly is a small trailer which has only a bogie (= set of wheels), fifth wheel coupling for the semi-trailer and a towbar. Using a dolly, the semi-trailer can now be hitched to an ordinary cargo-carrying truck and does not need a tractor unit.

A heavy truck-trailer combination is often called a big rig or eighteen-wheeler.

The largest heavy trucks are the Australian road trains which may have up to four semi-trailers coupled to a tractor in a train-like fashion and may carry up to 200 tonnes of cargo.

Body types
Box trucks or Dry vans ("tilts" in the UK) have walls and a roof, making a closed cargo room. The rear has doors. Some have a side door.
Concrete mixers have a turning drum on back. Turning it one way mixes the concrete. Turning it the other way pushes the concrete out. The concrete goes down "chutes" (like large pipes with an open top). On most trucks the concrete comes out the back. Some new types have the concrete goes over the cab and down chutes in the front. Concrete is very heavy and hard to mix. Concrete mixers have to be very heavy duty.

Dump trucks ("tippers" in the UK) carry sand, gravel, and dirt. Most dump trucks have an open-top box bed with an opening "tail-gate" door on the back. The body lifts up at the front. The load falls out the tailgate and is "dumped" on the ground behind the truck.

Flatbed trucks have a flat body with no sides. There is a wall between the cab and the body. The load will not move forward and hit the cab. The truck can be loaded from the side or top.  Nothing covers the load. Some trucks have sides that can be taken off or folded down. Many times the load is covered with tarps.
Garbage trucks pick up garbage and trash from homes and some businesses. Most were loaded from the rear. Now some load from the front or side. The same type of truck is often used for recycling.

Semi-tractors ("artics" in the UK) have no bodies. They have a "fifth wheel" that carries weight. A semi-trailer has no front wheels. The front of the trailer goes on the fifth wheel. The semi-tractor carries weight from the trailer and pulls the trailer

Tank trucks ("tankers" in the UK) are designed to carry liquids or gases. They usually have a round tank that is long (a cylinder) lying on its side. There are many types of tanks because there are many liquids and gases. Most tankers are built for only one liquid.
Boom Truck  is a truck with a hydraulic arm. The hydraulic arm on a boom truck is called the boom. This boom will reach out past the end of the vehicle, and it will grab the vehicles that need to be towed. The boom of the truck remains in a fixed position, which allows it to be a very stable option when it comes to towing.

Wreckers ("recovery lorries" in the UK and sometimes "tow trucks" in the US) are used to lift and tow broken cars and trucks. They usually have a boom with a cable. Cars are often carried on special flatbeds.

References

See also Pickup truck
The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is a type of sea star. Usually, they have orange-red to purplish skin, with yellow or pink spikes on their skin. The crown-of-thorns is also one of the largest starfish in the world, as it has a diameter of up to 3 feet. The crown-of-thorns lives in the warmer areas of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Red Sea.

It only feeds on coral polyps, and usually at night. The crown-of-thorns climbs over its prey, releases digestive enzymes to break down its food, and then absorbs the coral polyp, which has now turned into a liquid. What's left behind by the sea star is the leftover coral skeleton.

They are usually of subdued colours, pale brown to grey-green, but they may be garish with bright warning colours in some parts of their wide range. These bright colours warn animals that may want to eat it that it is venomous.
Effect on coral reefs 
The crown-of-thorns is well known for its destructive habits of eating coral, especially on the Great Barrier Reef, which is a World Heritage Site. Usually, when there are not too many of them, these sea stars help maintain the coral reef by preventing the faster-growing coral from taking over the coral reef. However, when there are too many crown-of-thorns, they can devastate the reef.

References 

Echinoderms
Sea urchins are spiky members of the class Echinoidea of the phylum Echinodermata. Like the rest of the echinoderms, they are entirely marine. They are globe-shaped, and protected by calcareous plates and spines. 

Urchin is an old word for hedgehog, and in many foreign languages these animals are called sea hedgehogs.

Like other echinoderms they have five-fold symmetry (called pentamerism) and move by means of hundreds of tiny, transparent, adhesive 'tube feet'. The symmetry is not obvious in the living animal, but is easily visible in the dried test.

Sea urchins mostly feed on algae and small animals. They have a special chewing apparatus called Aristotle's lantern, after the Greek philosopher Aristotle who was fascinated by sea urchins. With this apparatus they can scrape organisms stuck to the surface over which the urchin is moving.
Spines
The spines are long and sharp in some species, and protect the urchin from predators. The spines inflict a painful wound when they penetrate human skin, but are usually not dangerous. Echinoids also have pincer-like pedicellaria all over their body between the spines. The job of these is to deal with anything (like larvae) settling on the test (outer shell).p101 It is not known if the spines are venomous (unlike the pedicellariae between the spines, which are venomous).

Typical sea urchins have spines that are  in length,  thick, and not terribly sharp. Diadema antillarum, familiar in the Caribbean, has thin, potentially dangerous spines that can reach  long.

Teeth

Sea urchins have five jaws with one tooth each.  The teeth grow throughout the sea urchin's life.  The teeth of the pink sea urchin chip against each other to stay sharp.

Ecology
Ecology

Sea urchins feed mainly on algae, but can also feed on sea cucumbers, and a wide range of invertebrates such as mussels, polychaetes, sponges, brittle stars and crinoids. Sea urchins are one of the favorite foods of sea otters and wolf eels. Without predators to eat them, urchins breed in large numbers and eat almost all the nearby kelp, creating an urchin barren, devoid of macroalgae and associated fauna. Sea otters have re-entered British Columbia, dramatically improving coastal ecosystem health by eating sea urchins.

Fossil record and evolution 
The first echinoid fossils are from the Lower Ordovician period. The earliest forms had flexible tests, with plates that could slide over each other. Echinoids were a relatively unimportant part of the biota in the Palaeozoic. Only one group survived the P/Tr extinction event to form the basis of all later echinoids. The group which survived into the Triassic, the Cidaroids, radiated into all other modern groups, which are known as the Euechinoids.
The break with perfect symmetry, which happened in the Jurassic, gave them definite front and back ends. This opened up new habitats, in particular, the burrowing habitat. Sand dollars and heart urchins have been highly successful. The living echinoids are now important members of the biota, especially in shallow and in-shore waters.

Sea urchins as food 
Some humans eat the reproductive organs of sea urchins (which they call roe). This is popular in Korea. In Japan, this kind of sushi is called uni.

References 

Echinoderms
Brittle stars are Echinoderms of the Class Ophiuroidea. The adults are superficially like starfish, but they are a different group, with different larvae. Like other echinoderms, they do have a skeleton of calcareous plates, and radial symmetry. There are about 1500 different species. 

Usually they have 5 arms, which can grow long, up to 60 cm, in the largest species. The central disk of brittle stars can be three to eight inches in diameter. Unlike starfish, they live deeper in the ocean. Ophiuroids are known even from abyssal (>6000 m) depths.  However, brittle stars are also common members of reef communities, where they hide under rocks and even within other living organisms. Generally, brittle stars live below 500m of depth. 

There are two related groups of Ophiuroids: the Ophiurida (brittle stars) and the basket stars (Eurialida). Basket stars usually live in the deeper parts of the range. Brittle stars are mostly scavengers and detrivores, able to catch some small prey on occasion.
Description 
Many brittle stars are more fragile than starfish, which is how they got their name. When they are picked up, their arms may fall off. This might make the animal seem brittle, but they often do this as a defense to escape from predators.

Movement 

Brittle stars do not use their tube feet for movement, but instead use muscles in their long, thin arms to go around rocks. Ophiurids move quickly when disturbed, and are faster movers than starfish. In living ophiuroids the plates are linked by longitudinal muscles. Ophiurid arms only move horizontally. The way their plates interlock prevents the arms from moving in any other plane.p64 In contrast, basket star arms can move vertically. These movement patterns are distinct, and separate the groups.
Ophiuroids in general are mostly scavengers or detritivores. Small organic particles are moved into the mouth by the tube feet. Ophiuroids may also prey on small crustaceans or worms. Brittle stars will eat small suspended organisms if available. In large, crowded areas, brittle stars eat suspended matter from prevailing seafloor currents.

Basket stars 
Basket stars (Euryalids) are large brittle stars with many rays. Their arms branch, and can be moved in any direction. This distinguishes them from the Ophiurids. Basket stars may be capable of suspension feeding, using the mucus coating on their arms to trap plankton and bacteria. They extend one arm out and use the other four as anchors. The arms form so many branches that they are almost feathery on the ends. They get their name because when they stretch their rays out to catch plankton, they look like the bottom of a basket.
Basket stars can be large and heavy, the biggest Ophiuroids. The largest, Gorgonocephalus stimpsoni, weigh up to 5 kg (11 lbs) and has arms 70cms long, with a disk diameter of 14 cm.

Gallery

References 

Echinoderms
The bivalves are a large class of molluscs, also known as pelecypods.

They have a hard calcareous shell made of two parts or 'valves'. The soft parts are inside the shell. The shell is usually bilaterally symmetrical.

There are over 30,000 species of bivalves, including the fossil species. There are about 9,200 living species in 1,260 genera and 106 families. All of them live in the water, most of them in the sea or in brackish water. Some live in fresh water. All are filter feeders: they lost their radula in the course of evolution. A few are carnivorous, eating much larger prey than the tiny microalgae eaten by other bivalves.

The best known examples of bivalves are clams, mussels, scallops and oysters.

Shell 
Bivalves have two shells or valves connected by a hinge with hinge teeth. They are made of a calcareous mineral, calcite or aragonite. The valves are covered by a periostracum, which is an organic horny substance. This forms the familiar coloured layer on the shell.
The shells are usually held shut by strong adductor muscles. Scallops can use their muscles to flap the valves and swim.

Food 
A bivalve takes in water that has plankton and other things floating in it.

Some (but not all) molluscs have a part of their mantle known as the siphon (a tube). Siphons, if they exist, come in pairs, one to suck in, one to expel.

Anything that is small enough to fit inside the hole of its incurrent siphon enters the bivalve. When the floating material comes in, it gets stuck in slimy mucus that is on the surface of the bivalve's gills. The food is moved down to the mouth, which is on the other side of the siphon. Food is digested in the bivalve's stomach and intestine, and everything that is not digested goes out through the other siphon, with water.

The siphons are an adaptation of burrowing molluscs. Those that live above the substrate (sediment), such as scallops and oysters, do not need them.
Feeding types 
There are four feeding types, defined by their gill structure: 
Protobranchs use their ctenidia solely for respiration, and the labial palps to feed
Septibranchs possess a septum across the mantle cavity which pumps in food.
Filibranchs and lamellibranchs trap food with a mucous coating on the ctenidia; the filibranchs and lamellibranchs are differentiated by the way the ctenidia are joined

Movement

Digging 
As a group, the bivalves are adapted to penetrate into, and to move along horizontally along, soft ground such as mud and sand. Common examples of this are razor shells, which can dig themselves into the sand with great speed to escape enemies, and cockles.

Swimming 
Scallops and file clams can swim to escape a predator, clapping their valves together to create a jet of water. Cockles can use their foot to leap from danger. However these methods quickly exhaust the animal. In the razor shells the siphons can break off only to grow back later.
Defensive secretions 
The file shells can produce a noxious secretion when threatened, and the fan shells of the same family have a unique, acid-producing organ.

Comparison with brachiopods
Bivalves are superficially similar to brachiopods, but the construction of the shell is completely different in the two groups. In brachiopods, the two valves are on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, while in bivalves, they are on the left and right sides.

Bivalves appeared late in the Cambrian explosion and came to increase in the Palaeozoic, and dominate over brachiopods during the Mesozoic. So, it was thought that bivalves are better adapted to aquatic life than the brachiopods, and this caused brachiopods to be out-competed and relegated to minor niches.

However, after the Permian-Triassic extinction event bivalves had a huge adaptive radiation while brachiopods were devastated, losing 95% of their diversity.
"The supposed replacement of brachiopods by clams is not gradual and sequential. It is a product of one event: the Permian extinction (which affected brachiopods profoundly and clams relatively little)".

The upshot was that bivalves took over the desirable inshore habitats. Brachiopods now live in deeper waters where food is scarcer.

References
Card may refer to:
 Playing card
 Greeting card

Card may also refer to:

 Business card, contains contact details for a business or business person
 Magnetic stripe card, a plastic card with data stored on it
 Credit card
 Debit card
 Smart card
 Membership card, given to a person when they become a member of a club or organisation
 Memory card, used to store digital data for computers
 Postcard, a card sent to friends or relatives while travelling, with a picture on one side and a message on the other
 Punched card, a card with information that is punched with holes
 Telephone card, used to pay for telephone calls
 Visiting card, used to identify a person as a visitor rather than staff

Computer hardware 
 A small printed circuit board
 Sound card, controls the sound
 Video card, controls the graphics
Other uses 
 , when writing mathematics, a function that returns the cardinality of a set
 Arizona Cardinals, a National Football League team nicknamed the "Cards"
 St. Louis Cardinals, a Major League Baseball team nicknamed the "Cards"

Basic English 850 words
Bishop is a type of clergy in some Christian churches. The bishop is the leader of the Christians and the Christian priests in each diocese. The diocese which a bishop governs is called a bishopric. Episcopal is the adjective for bishops. A cathedral is the church building where the bishop has an episcopal throne. The cathedral is the main church of the diocese and the bishop's see. A bishop may be given the rank of archbishop in an archdiocese. 

Christian priests in some denominations must be made priests by bishops. In these denominations, bishops are above parish priests in the hierarchy of the church's organization. However, some Protestant denominations have no bishops or archbishops. The Presbyterianism is an example. The leader of the Church of Scotland is the Moderator. The General Assembly elects the Moderator of the Church of Scotland each year. Other Christian movements have neither bishops nor priests: Quakers are one example.
In the Catholic church, the Pope is chosen by all the cardinals from amongst their number. According to church law, this does not have to be the case: any male, unmarried, baptized Christian who is judged fit for the office can become pope. However, the last pope who was not a bishop was Urban VI (elected in 1378).

The pope is also 'the Bishop of Rome'.  In fact he rules an independent state within Rome, called the Vatican.  All Roman Catholic bishops answer to the pope (or to patriarchs in some orthodox churches).  In the Anglican church, bishops are governed by Archbishops.

Usually a bishop can be identified by a special hat, called a mitre.

References

Other websites 
 Bishop Citizendium

Christian religious occupations
A tray is a shallow container designed for carrying things.

Trays are flat, but with raised edges to stop things from sliding off of them. They are often rectangular, and may or may not have handles with which to carry them.

A butler's tray has a deeper surround, handles on the short sides (usually cut into the surround) so that it can be easily carried, and folding legs. It is used to carry drinks, and can be used as a side table.

Basic English 850 words
Containers
The Orkney Islands (often also called only Orkney)  is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland, United Kingdom. It is about 16 kilometres north of Caithness. 20 of the about 70 islands have people living on them.  The administrative centre is Kirkwall (with about 8000 people living there). The next largest settlements are Stromness (2000 people) and St. Margaret's Hope (with about 550 people).

In addition to the mainland, most of the islands are in two groups, the North and South Isles. All of them are made of sandstone. The climate is mild and the soil is fertile. Most of the land is farmed and agriculture is the main source of income for the economy. There are many birds and fish.

In 2023 there were proposals that the islands could change their status in the UK, to be more like the Isle of Man or even become a self-governing territory of Norway.
Transportation 
Ferry services go much of the time to Lerwick (in Shetland). Most islands have air strips (for airplanes). This includes the shortest known flight service in the world, between Westray and Papa Westray. Official flight time is 2 minutes. If the wind goes in the right direction, the flight can take just over a minute.

References

Other websites 

 Orkney.com Official website

 
Counties of Scotland
Scottish Council Areas
Archipelagos
Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of Protestant denominations. The movement started in Britain in the 18th century and spread to the United States and the British Empire. Originally it was popular with workers, poor farmers, and slaves. Mr. John Wesley started Methodism. He was a priest of the Church of England. His brother Charles Wesley was a famous writer of Church music. 

There are many Christians that trace their roots to the Wesley brothers. Many Churches have the word Methodist as part of their name, but others do not. Some of the churches which came from the Wesley movement are Nazarenes, Churches of God, Pentecostals, Holiness, and the Salvation Army. Many of these groups do good things to help people in addition to telling them about salvation from their sins. They start hospitals and schools and work with homeless and poor people.
Methodists differ from other denominations in some beliefs. They are usually Arminian in their teachings about salvation. This means that they teach that anyone can choose to believe in Jesus. This is because of God's grace in making Himself known to all.https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/7972/Introducing_Wesleyan_Tradition.pdf This is also called "free will" teaching. Methodists also tend to accept those whose beliefs are not exactly the same as theirs on less important things. The most important Methodist beliefs are listed in the 25 Articles of Religion.

Related pages
George Whitefield

Other websites
United Methodist Church website
Global Methodist Church website
Free Methodist Church website
The salivary glands make saliva. Saliva keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system wet and slippery. It also helps break down food when you are chewing. This helps food go down the throat to the stomach.

There are three main pairs of salivary glands. They are
 the parotid, 
 the submandibular and
 the sublingual glands. 

There are also many small glands in the tongue, cheeks, lips and palate. All of those glands make mucous.

Salivary secretions and structure 
Saliva consists of two fluids, mucous and serous.

Mucous 
Mucous (slime) is a saccharide glycoprotein called mucin. With water it makes the slippery lubricant used in many parts of the body, where it lines the moving parts, surfaces and tubes. Here it lubricates the mouth, throat and alimentary canal.
The mucous also has antiseptic qualities: it contains lysozyme and immunoglobulins. Mucous, with its antiseptic molecules and slime, traps fungi, bacteria and viruses and prevents infections. The body produces about a litre of mucous per day, in the mouth and other places.

Serous Fluid 
The serous fluid contains the enzyme amylase which acts in the digestion of carbohydrates. Minor salivary glands on the tongue secrete the amylase. The parotid gland produces purely serous saliva. The other major salivary glands produce mixed (serous and mucus) saliva.

Another type of serous fluid is secreted by the two layered serous membranes which line the body cavities. The serous fluid between the two layers acts as a lubricant and reduces friction from muscle movement.

Types of salivary gland 
 The parotid gland makes serous secretion only.
 The submandibular glands are mixed glands. They give serous and mucous secretions. 
 The sublingual glands make mucous only.
Structure of salivary glands 
The glands are inside a capsule, of connective tissue. Inside, it is made of little parts called lobules. Blood vessels and nerves go into the lobules. There are three main types of cells in the major salivary glands:
 Serous cells  are shaped like a pyramid. They are joined together in a group that is shaped like a ball.
 Mucous cells are usually shaped like a cube. They are joined together to make a tubules, which are very small tubes.  
 Myoepithelial cells are all around the part of the gland where the saliva comes out. They can squeeze the saliva gland so the saliva comes out faster.

The small tubes go into ducts. Those ducts go into larger ducts that have little stripes on them, called striations. Those go into ducts between the lobes of the gland (called interlobar or excretory ducts). The main duct of the salivary glands then opens into the mouth.
Where the glands are 
There are three salivary glands:
 The two parotid glands are near the ear (par- = next to, -otid = ear). They are the largest salivary glands.
 The sublingual gland is under the tongue.
 The submandibular gland is in the shape of a “U”. It is under the chin bone which is called the mandible.

Medical notes 
See mumps

Ducts can get blocked. This would cause pain and swelling of the gland.

Tumours of the salivary glands can occur. These are usually benign. Investigation is done by a sialogram, which is a radiocontrast study of a salivary duct.

References

Other websites 
 Salivary Gland Disorders 
 Illustration 
 Illustration 
 Photo 
 eMedicine

Mouth
Exocrine system
Glands
The vas deferens (or ductus deferens)   is a duct in a man’s body.  It is also present in other male vertebrates. Its function is to carry sperm away from the testes, towards the penis.

There are two of these ducts, which are tubes surrounded by smooth muscle.  They connect the left and right epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in order to move sperm. Each tube is about 30 centimeters long. During ejaculation the smooth muscle in the wall of the vas deferens contracts. That pushes the sperm toward the penis. The sperm go from the vas deferens into the urethra. Other male sex glands push out at the same time.

Vasectomy 
There is a surgery called vasectomy that is a method of contraception. The two vasa deferentia (Latin plural) are cut and sealed, so the sperm cannot get out of the body. This is usually permanent, but in some cases, it can be reversed.  Sometimes instead of cutting the vas deferentia, the surgeon puts something to block the sperm instead of cutting them.

Related pages 
 Cystic fibrosis
Notes 

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Ernesto "Che" Guevara, commonly known as el Che or Che  (June 14, 1928 - October 9, 1967) was an Argentine Marxist, revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla, diplomat, and military theorist. He is popular with socialists. In addition to that he was a writer and some of his articles and speeches were even published.

Time magazine said he was one of the most influential people of the 20th century. Guerrillero Heroico, a picture of him, is called "the most famous photograph in the world."

Biography 
Che Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina in 1928. He studied at the University of Buenos Aires. He wanted to be a doctor. During his holidays, he traveled. He saw how poor some people were. He thought that revolution could fix it.
After college, he went to Mexico. He met Fidel Castro there in 1954. Castro was planning a rebellion in Cuba. Guevara joined Castro. He fought with Castro in Cuba. In 1959, Fidel won and became president of Cuba. Fidel and Guevara declared Cuba a communist country. Guevara was made head of Cuba's bank. He later became Minister of Industry. In 1965, Guevara helped to start other revolutions. They were in Congo-Kinshasa and Bolivia. In 1967, he was captured and executed by Bolivian soldiers. His body was not found until 1997. His nickname among friends was "Chegi Vara".

Che in popular culture
People have different opinions on Che Guevara. Some see him as a good leader. In addition to that he was an excellent writer and some of his articles and speeches were even published. Others see him as a bad man who wanted to hurt people. A black and white image of Guevara's face is one of the most merchandized images. It can be found on many items. They include t-shirts, hats, posters, and other items. The image was based on a photograph by Alberto Korda Díaz. Díaz was a Cuban photographer. It was taken in 1960.

Guevara is still an important person. He is seen as an example of youthful rebellion.

A movie, The Motorcycle Diaries, is about Che. It describes a trip that he took through South America. The trip took place in the 1950s. The movie was directed by Walter Salles. It was produced by Robert Redford.

References
References

Other websites 
  BBC News (January 17, 2001). "Profile: Laurent Kabila". Accessed April 10, 2008.
  BBC News (May 26, 2001). Che Guevara photographer dies. Accessed January 4, 2006.
  BBC News (October 9, 2007). "Cuba pays tribute to Che Guevara". BBC News, International version.
  Lacey, Mark (October 26, 2007). "Lone Bidder Buys Strands of Che's Hair at U.S. Auction". New York Times.
  Lacey, Mark (October 9, 2007). "A Revolutionary Icon, and Now, a Bikini". The New York Times.
  O'Hagan, Sean (July 11, 2004). "Just a pretty face?". The Guardian. Accessed October 25, 2006.

Communists
People executed by firearm
Argentine physicians
People from Rosario, Argentina
1928 births
1967 deaths
Cuban scientists
A whisker is a long, thick hair around the mouth of some animals, mostly mammals such as cats and mice, that the animal uses to feel its surroundings. Some animals, such as cats, also have whiskers above their eyes and on the backs of their legs. Unlike other hair, whiskers should never be cut or trimmed, as this can confuse the animal.

Whiskers can also mean a beard or mustache.

Facial hair
Animal anatomy
Magma is the melted rock under the ground. The liquid rock may have solid bits mixed in with it, and volcanic gas.  

There are different types of magma. One is called felsic magma. Felsic magma is thick and has silica minerals. It mostly makes light-coloured rocks. Another type is called mafic magma, which is runny and has less silica. It usually makes dark-coloured rocks. Magmas can be intermediate between both types. 

Magma may become solid  by cooling slowly below the surface. This makes "plutonic" rocks such as granite. When magma comes out from the ground in a volcano it is called lava. Lava cools quickly, and forms other kinds of rock such as basalt. 

Magma is produced by melting of the Earth's mantle or the crust. It happens at tectonic settings, such as subduction zones, continental rift zones, mid-ocean ridges and hotspots. 

Melted material from the mantle and crust moves up through the crust and collects  in magma chambers.
When they come up through the crust, magmas may feed a volcano and come out  as lava. But they may solidify underground to form an intrusion (magma which cools and becomes solid). Intrusions eventually cool down and become igneous dikes or  sills. 

The study of magma is usually done in lava flows. However, magma was found under the ground three times in geothermal drilling projects—twice in Iceland and once in Hawaii.

References

Other websites

Volcanology
Glue is a sticky material (usually a liquid) that can stick two or more things together. Glue can be made from plant or animal parts, or it can be made from oil-based chemicals. 

The first glues may have been natural liquids that come out of trees when they are cut. Later, people learned to make glue by boiling animal feet, cartilage or bones. Some very strong glues were first made from fish bones, rubber or milk.

A simple glue can be made at home by mixing wheat, flour and water. This glue will stick pieces of paper together.
Many kinds of art can be made using glue. A collage is a work of art made by using glue to stick coloured things onto paper. 

Some glues can be used to keep water out of boats, buildings or vehicles. In this case, the glue may be called caulk. Some man-made materials, including wood-like materials, are made using glues to bind together small pieces of material or powders.
While many glues are safe, certain kinds of glue contain strong-smelling chemicals. Some people sniff these glues to get high. Sometimes people breathe in the vapors by mistake. This is a very bad idea because these chemicals are often poisons and may cause brain damage or illness.    

Glue can also be made from rice or rice flour. 
Adhesives
The Angara is a river in Siberia, Russia, close to the Jenissei. It is nearly  long. It flows out of Lake Baikal and into the Jenissei. A big city on the river is Irkutsk.

Rivers of Russia
Siberia
The Yenisei (Енисе́й) is a river in Siberia. It belongs to the greatest river system that flows into the Arctic Ocean. The Yenisei is the fifth-longest river in the world. It is a little shorter than the Mississippi River, but with 1.5 times the flow. It comes from Mongolia and follows a northern course to the Kara Sea. The river drains a large part of central Siberia. The longest stream following the Yenisei-Angara-Selenga-Ider is about 5539 km long. Its watershed, which includes the world's largest (by volume) lake, Lake Baikal, holds more water than any other river system.
The upper parts of the system have rapids and flooding, and pass through areas where very few people live. The middle section is controlled by a series of large hydroelectric dams. The dams were built to supply a major Russian primary industry. Partly built by gulag labor in Soviet times, industrial contamination is a big problem in the area. The area is very hard for the police to watch. Moving on through sparsely populated taiga, the Yenisei grows with many tributaries and finally reaches the Kara Sea in desolate tundra where it is covered with ice for more than half the year. As with other Siberian rivers, the flow has increased lately. People think this is because of global warming. A concern was also raised that a change in the salt in the Arctic may have a global impact on ocean currents.

Rivers of Russia
Geography of Mongolia
Siberia
Moonspell is a heavy metal band from Portugal. It was started in 1992. 

Moonspell's first EP was Under the Moonspell, which was released in 1994.

Albums 

 Wolfheart (1995)
 Irreligious (1996)
 Sin/Pecado (1998)
 The Butterfly Effect (1999)
 Darkness and Hope (2001)
 The Antidote (2003)
 Memorial (2006)
 Under Satanæ (2007)
 Night Eternal (2008)
 Alpha Noir / Ómega White (2012)
 Extinct (2015)
 1755 (2017)
 Hermitage (2021)

Band members

Current members
Fernando Ribeiro (Langsuyar) – vocals (1989–present)
Miguel Gaspar (Mike/Nisroth) – drums (1992–present)
Ricardo Amorim (Morning Blade) – guitar (1995–present)
Pedro Paixão (Passionis/Neophytus) – keyboard/guitar (1993–present)
Aires Pereira (Ahriman) – bass (2007–present)
Previous members
Luís Lamelas (Malah/Fenrir) – guitar (1992–1993)
Jorge Fonseca (J.M. Tanngrisnir) – guitar (1993–1995)
Duarte Picoto (Mantus) – guitar (1992–1995)
João Pedro (Tetragrammaton/Ares) – bass (1992–1997)
Sérgio Crestana – bass (1997–2003)
Niclas Etelävuori – bass (2003–2006)
Waldemar Sorychta – bass (2006–2007)

Other websites 
 Official Moonspell page

Portuguese musicians
Black metal bands
Doom metal bands
Death metal bands
Gothic metal bands
Folk metal bands
Siberia is the part of Russia that is in Asia. It covers wide landscapes, and stretches from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific. It goes from the Arctic Ocean to the border with China, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. 

The Yenisei river is sometimes called the border between east Siberia and west Siberia. Siberia covers about 70% of all Russian territory, but only 26% of Russians live there. It is one of the coldest places on Earth where people live. 70% of people in Siberia live in cities.

Novosibirsk is the largest city in Siberia, with a population more than . It is on the Eastern coast near to Japan.                    
Omsk and Krasnoyarsk also have populations of over a million people. Tomsk and Kemerovo have populations of over a 500 thousand population. 
Tomsk is one of the most beautiful places in Siberia. It is said to have the best education in Siberia.
Omsk has got very polluted air. This is quite common in Russia, where  civilian protests are less effective than in Western countries.

Siberian people
Siberian people

Many different ethnic groups live in Siberia. They are sometimes called Sibiryak (Russian: сибиряк) or Sybirak (Russian: сыбирак, from Polish) people. Most people in Siberia who are not Slavic, are Turkic peoples. The first Slavic settlers, from European Russia, arrived in the 17th century.

Related pages
 Siberian languages
 Russian Far East

Sources 
 Russian Siberia: Ethnic History and Traditional Culture
 Groups of Russians of Siberia
 Russians in Siberia
 Russians: ethnographic description
 History of Russians in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The Opel Corsa is a subcompact car. It has been produced by the German car manufacturer Opel since 1982. There are six generations of the Corsa. The first generation was sold as the Vauxhall Nova in the UK.

The Corsa is also sold under the Vauxhall brand in the UK. 

The first generation Corsa A was made from September 1982 to March 1993 and was sold as the Vauxhall Nova in the UK from April 1983. It was sold with hatchback and saloon bodies with 2 or 4 doors and was facelifted in September 1987 and again in September 1990. 

The second generation Corsa B was made from April 1993 to September 2000 with Vauxhall taking on the name in the UK. It was only available with hatchback models with 3 or 5 doors and was facelifted in August 1997. In May 1994, it launched as the Holden Barina for the Australasian market.
The third generation Corsa C was made from October 2000 to September 2006 with the same 3 and 5-door versions as before and was facelifted in August 2003. It was also sold as the Holden Barina from 2001 to the end of 2005. 

The fourth generation Corsa D was made from October 2006 to September 2014 and grew larger in size compared to its predecessor. It was facelifted in early 2011. 

The fifth generation Corsa E was made from October 2014 to September 2019 which is a facelift of the previous version with revised exterior styling and a new interior, it was not facelifted again during its run. 

The sixth generation Corsa F is made from October 2019 to present. Only a 5-door model is offered and shares its platform with the second generation Peugeot 208. An electric version called the Corsa-e is also available. 

For the first time in 2021, the Vauxhall Corsa became the UK’s best-selling car.

Cars of around the same size 
Fiat Punto
Ford Fiesta
Peugeot 208
Toyota Yaris
Volkswagen Polo

More pictures
More pictures

Other websites

1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020s automobiles
Corsa
Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band. It was started by Steve Harris in 1975. The band's first studio album was Iron Maiden. The band released it in 1980. The singer Paul Di'Anno was replaced by Bruce Dickinson in 1982. Bruce Dickinson left in 1993 and was replaced by Blaze Bayley. In 1999, Dickinson returned to the band.

The mascot of the band is Eddie, a monster, who is present in the concerts and also appears on the album covers. Eddie is most often shown as a dead body that has come back to life and looks very evil. The band's music shows often have a statue of Eddie that is very large and much taller than the band.

Iron Maiden has released many albums. The band's newest album, Senjutsu, was released in 2021. Iron Maiden has sold over 100 million copies of their albums worldwide.

History

The start of the band (1975–1978)
Iron Maiden was made on 25 December 1975. Steve Harris made the band. He made it after he left the band Smiler. The first name of the band was Ash Mountain. The name changed to Iron Maiden later. This was because many of the band members liked 'Iron Maiden' more. Harris named the band because of the movie The Man in the Iron Mask. The name of the movie reminded him of the iron maiden torture device. The band practiced music for months. Their first concert was at St. Nicks Hall in Poplar on 1 May 1976. After this, the band played music at the Cart and Horses Pub in Stratford, London.
Harris, Murray, and Doug Sampson were the members of the band in late 1978. They wanted somebody to be the singer for the band. They met Paul Di'Anno in a pub in Leytonstone in November 1978. Di'Anno joined the band. At this time, Murray was the main guitar player. Many times, he played the guitar by himself. Harris said that Murray "was so good he could do a lot of it on his own".

The band makes their first albums (1978–1981)
Iron Maiden recorded a demo with four songs on it. They gave the demo to Neal Kay. Kay was a disc jockey at a heavy metal club. The club was named Bandwagon Heavy Metal Soundhouse. Kay listened to the demo. He started playing it at the club. One of the songs on it, "Prowler", was number one on the Soundhouse charts. These charts were in the Sounds magazine. Rod Smallwood got the demo as well. Smallwood later managed the band. Iron Maiden became more popular. They released the demo on their record label. They named it The Soundhouse Tapes. It had three songs on it. The band made 5,000 copies of the demo. All of the copies were sold.
In December 1979, the band joined EMI. They wanted Adrian Smith (who was the guitar player for Urchin) to join the band. Smith and Dave Murray were friends. Smith was making music with Urchin. He did not want to join Iron Maiden. The band hired guitar player Dennis Stratton instead of Smith. Later, Doug Sampson left the band. He was the band's drummer. The band hired Clive Burr to play the drums.

Iron Maiden was on a compilation album named Metal for Muthas. It was released on 15 February 1980. "Sanctuary" and "Wrathchild" were put on the album. After EMI released the album, Iron Maiden went on a concert tour. They played music with many other bands in the new wave of British heavy metal community.
The band released their first album in 1980. It was named Iron Maiden. It was number four on the UK Albums Chart. The album had many popular songs, such as "Running Free" and "Sanctuary". "Sanctuary" was not on the UK version of the album. Iron Maiden did a concert tour for the album. They played music at many places in the United Kingdom. Later, they played with bands such as Kiss and Judas Priest. After the concert tours, the band fired Dennis Stratton. Adrian Smith replaced him. In December 1980, the band played music at the Rainbow Theatre in London. The band made a live album at this concert. It was their first live album. It was named Live at the Rainbow. It was released in May 1981. The videos for "Wrathchild" and "Iron Maiden" were shown on MTV. They were the first heavy metal music videos on MTV.