Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Olympic medals 
The country has won four Olympic medals. The first medal was won by Tan Howe Liang, who won a silver medal in lightweight weightlifting in 1960. In table tennis, Jing Jun Hong and Li Jiawei came close to winning medals in Sydney in 2000. They finished in fourth place. They also finished fourth in the 2004 Athens Olympics. Singapore sent many athletes to the 2008 Beijing Olympics. It was felt that this was their best chance of winning a medal since 1960. This proved to be true.

In the Beijing, Li, together with Feng Tianwei and Wang Yuegu, beat the South Korea Women's Table Tennis team in the semi-finals. Because of this, they made it to the final match and would win at least the silver medal. Singapore lost to host China in the gold medal final.

Medalists

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites

  Singapore profile at London2012.com 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 – March 30, 1965) was an American physician.  Hench won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950. He won the award along with his Mayo Clinic co-worker Edward Calvin Kendall and Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein . They won it for finding the hormone cortisone and its use for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."

Hench went to university at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. He was trained as a physician at the United States Army Medical Corps and the University of Pittsburgh.  Hench began working at Mayo Clinic in 1923. He later became the head of the Department of Rheumatology.
Early life and education
He attended Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. At Lafayette, he earned his Bachelor of Arts in 1916. After that, he served in the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army and the reserve corps to finish his medical training. He got a doctorate in medicine from the University of Pittsburgh in 1920.  After getting his medical degree, Hench spent a year as an intern at St. Francis Hospital in Pittsburgh. Next, he became a Fellow of the Mayo Foundation.

In 1928 and 1929, Hench studied at Freiburg University and the von Müller Clinic in Munich.
Medical career
Hench started his career at Mayo Clinic in 1923. He worked in the Department of Rheumatic Diseases. In 1926, he became the head of the department.  While at Mayo Clinic, Hench worked mainly on arthritic diseases. This lead him to believe that steroids lessened the pain caused by the disease.  During this time, biochemist Edward Calvin Kendall has found several steroids created by the adrenal gland cortex.  After several years of work, Hench and Kendall decided to use one of these steroids on patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  Testing of the hypothesis was delayed because the synthesis of Compound E was costly and time-consuming, and Hench served in the military during World War II. The tests were conducted successfully in 1948 and 1949.  The steroid they used was named Compound E at the time. It later become known as cortisone.
Hench, Kendall and Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects."  As of the 2010 prizes, Hench and Kendall are the only two Nobel winners who worked with Mayo Clinic.  
During his career, Hench was one of the founding members of the American Rheumatism Association. He was its president in 1940 and 1941. 

Hench also got the Heberdeen Medal (1942), the Lasker Award (1949), the Passano Foundation Award (1950), and the Criss Award.  Lafayette College, Washington and Jefferson College, Western Reserve University, the National University of Ireland and the University of Pittsburgh gave Hench honorary doctorates.

References

Other websites
Nobel Biography
Biography 

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Scientists from Pittsburgh
1896 births
1965 deaths
The DFC (Damen Fußball Club) LUV Graz is a women´s football club from the Styrian capital Graz. The club plays in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest level in Austrian women soccer.

History
The club started as women team of the football club LUV Graz which was founded in 1959. They played from 1978 on in the Damenliga Ost, which was then the highest class in Austrian women´s soccer. In 1982 the ÖFB started the Frauen Bundesliga, which is now the ÖFB-Frauenliga. LUV Graz played from the beginning in this league. 1979 the club won the Cup. 1984 till 1986 the club reached the Cup-final but was beaten all three times. In the 1986 season the club reached the second place in the Championship. After the 1988/89 season the club stopped playing in the top level league.
In 1998 the club was restarted as independent women soccer club. They started in the Landesliga Steiermark, which was then the second level of women soccer. 2001 they returned to the ÖFB-Frauenliga. Since then LUV Graz is part of the league. They reached mostly places in the middle of the table, but in 2007 they were runner-up in the league. The second team of the club is playing in the Styrian Landesliga (3rd level). The club has also an U19 team.

Honours

as part of LUV Graz
Austrian Cup: 1979
Austrian Cup runner-up: 1978, 1984, 1985, 1986
Runner up Frauenliga: 1986

as DFC LUV Graz
Austrian Cup runner-up: 2006, 2007
Runner up Frauenliga: 2007

2011/12 team

Mariella Rappold is member of the National football team. Kerstin Fernitz, Katrin Hornbacher and  Simona Koren are playing in the U19 national team. Sophie Maierhofer  is member of the U17-team.
Second team
AKSENTIC, Simona
BRANDTNER, Julia
ETTL, Selina
HALILI, Florijana
HIEBLER, Alexandra
HORATSCHEK, Anna Lena
KANZ, Stefanie
MARKO, Annika Lena
MEYER, Jutta
RAPPOLD, Lisa-Marie
RAPPOLD, Sonja
RATIU KISS, Antonia
RUIZ, Maria

Coaches
First team:Gerhard Vidovic
Second team:Joachim Springer

References

Austrian football clubs
Women's football in Austria
DFC LUV Graz
Hurricane Ophelia was a long-lived Atlantic hurricane. It was mostly remembered for its very erratic and slow track off the United States' East Coast in September 2005. This storm brushed eastern North Carolina on September 14 and 15, 2005, causing $70 million in damages. Minor damage was also reported in eastern New England and Atlantic Canada when Ophelia brushed them as a strong tropical storm.

Hurricanes in the United States
2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
September 2005 events
2005 in Canada
2005 in Florida
2000s in North Carolina
2000s in Massachusetts
Jo Dee Messina is an American country music artist. She was born in Massachusetts on August 25, 1970. She has had nine #1 songs on the United States Billboard Country Music Charts. As late as 2008 she had a song on Billboard's Hot Country Songs music chart. 

She has been honored under the Country Music Association. In the past, she was nominated for two Grammy Awards. She was the first female country artist to score 3 multiple-week number one singles. Messina relocated to Nashville, Tennessee around age 19.

Discography
Studio albums
 Jo Dee Messina (1996)
 I'm Alright (1998)
 Burn (2000)
 Delicious Surprise (2005)
 Me (2014)

References

1970 births
Living people
Singers from Massachusetts
American country singers
American singer-songwriters
Winnipeg General Strike happened during March of 1919 in Winnipeg. Although many Canadian companies had enjoyed large profits following World War I, contracts, wages and working conditions were bad. Some protesters rioted.

1919 in North America
1910s in Canada
20th-century riots
1910s protests
Winnipeg
Shoeshine is a drama movie made in 1947. It has some violence in it. It is 90 minutes long. It is an Italian movie directed by Vittorio De Sica. It was nominated for best picture by the National Board of Review.

Other websites 
Overview at allrovi 

1947 drama movies
Multilingual movies
Italian drama movies
Movies set in Rome
Movies directed by Vittorio De Sica
Sejo of Joseon (; September 29 1417 – September 8 1468) was the seventh king of the Joseon Dynasty. He was the second son of Sejong the Great.

In 1429 his peerage was Grand Prince Suyang. When his father died in 1450, his elder brother Munjong was crowned. Two years later Munjong died, and Munjong's son Danjong was crowned.

In 1455, he took the throne and became king of Joseon himself. Sejo's nephew Danjong was expelled. Danjong was then murdered in 1455.

Works 
  Seokbosangjeol ()
  Worinseokbo ()
  Yeokdaebyeongyo ()

Related pages 
 Cheugugi
 Yeonsangun of Joseon

References

Other websites 
 Sejo of Joseon:Navercast
 Sejo of Joseon
 조선 세조대 정치를 보는 시각과 생육신 (논문) 
 나한님 옆 바위틈에 ‘물방울 종소리’ 청아해라 불교신문 2008년 06월 14일자 
 선 굵은 선조… 개성 넘치는 정조… 
 (이성무의 선비 이야기) <15> 세조와 이계전  

1417 births
1468 deaths
Kings of Joseon
Kaštanka is a forest. It has one of the highest lying sets of chestnuts in central Europe. It is in a small town called Nasavrky. Nasavrky is in eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It is about 25 km south of county seat Pardubice.

History 

Jan Adam von Auersperg came back from Italy with six seedlings of chestnut at the end of 18th century.  He ordered that the seedlings were planted on the north side of Nasavrky hill. This happened between 1776 to 1778. The plants were the start of Kaštanka. In passing time, the set was expanded a lot. Kaštanka had over 110 trees in the turn of 19th and 20th century.
Kaštanka was made a nature monument on 1 December 1990. At that time, Kaštanka had over 138 trees. One of the first planted trees survives to this day. It was named "Knížák" in honor of prince Auersperg.
The chestnut became the sign of Nasavrky. It became the main motive in the emblem of the city Nasavrky, and the flag of Nasavrlky in 1996.

Main information
Main information

Kaštanka is natural monument which was declared as special protection area on 1st December 1990. The set of chestnuts is on a slight rise north ward. This area is in a built-up area about 100 meters from the city square. Kaštanka is at an altitude of 472 – 486. The area of set is 1,088 hectares large and all trees are chestnut trees expect a few that are on the edge.

Inspired by Kaštanka

Kaštanka was main theme of many artists like painters, sculptors and writers. Some writers wrote novels about Kaštanka. Two of the authors that did this were Marie Doležalová and Alois Stanislav Novák. Kaštanka gave Věra Vovsová, Jiří Poláček and Karel Pavlík the inspiration to make art. Vovsová said this about Kaštanka:

References 

Forests of Europe
Geography of the Czech Republic
Anna Marie "Patty" Duke (December 14, 1946 – March 29, 2016) was an American stage, television and movie actress. She was born in Manhattan, New York City. Duke was married to actor John Astin and had two children; Mackenzie Astin and Sean Astin. 

In 1963, at age 16, Duke won the Academy Award for "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for playing Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker. At the time, she was the youngest person to win the award. 

On March 29, 2016, Duke died of sepsis from a ruptured intestine in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. She was 69 years old.

References

1946 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Queens
American activists
American autobiographers
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Deaths from sepsis
Disease-related deaths in Idaho
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
People with bipolar disorder
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Prequel is a term in drama and literature: it is a fusion of the words 'precursor' and 'sequel'. 

When a story is told in several stages, it is natural to tell it in order of time. For example, a series of books on the Second World War started with the 1930s and ended up in 1946. 

For various reasons, this does not always happen. In the movie series Star Wars, the first movie was Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977). It was followed by three prequels, which were Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999); Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) and Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005).
For correct use, the term 'prequel' is only applied when work is part of a series, and when the later publication refers to an earlier time. It is an old idea, but one which is often used today for drama on movie and television. The Cypria, a work of Ancient Greek literature, is a prequel to Homer's Iliad. A related idea is the back-story, which is the background story of a main story or character.

References 

Drama
Movie industry
Literary terms
Talking past each other is an idiom.

The phrase describes a situation in which people communicate at cross purposes.

The idiom explains what happens when there is a mismatch.  Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.

The idiom applies to disputes in which neither side addressed any of the issues raised by the other.  In talking past each other, two different concepts which need not have been disputed are somehow confused or conflated.

In fictional dialogue, when characters talk past each other, the result is an exchange with flaws or defects.

In common use 
The phrase is used in many contexts.  For example,
1917 — Albert Einstein and David Hilbert had dawn-to-dusk discussions of physics; and they continued their debate in writing, although Felix Klein records that they talked past each other, as happens not infrequently between simultaneously producing mathematicians."(italics added)
2009 — After U.S. President Barack Obama's 2009 speech in Cairo, PBS experts discussed the President's words:
According to David Brooks:  "... I liked it on the whole. You know, if you cover the Middle East, you know that there's a lot of shouting there, a lot of people talking past each other. Famously, every group has their own historical narrative which they emphasize while ignoring everyone else's narrative. And I thought Obama did the right thing, which was to go there and give everybody -- everybody's narratives melded into one. Now, it meant he had to squeeze history here and there, but that's fine. He melded it into one so everyone could have a common conversation." (italics added)

References
References

More reading
 Anderson, Philip Warren.  "Twenty years of talking past each other: The theory of high Tc," Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, v. 460-462, iss. 0, p. 3-6.
 Fleisser, Marieluise and David Horton. (1992). Pioniere in Ingolstadt. Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press. ; ;  OCLC 24376759
 Gutting, Gary. (1980). Paradigms and Revolutions: Appraisals and Applications of Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science. South Bend, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. OCLC 163461098

Idioms
Viveiro (sometimes called Vivero) is a town and municipality. It is in the province of Lugo. Lugo is in the northwestern part of Galicia, Spain. As of 2010, over 16,000 people live in Viveiro.

Festivities 
The calendar of Viveiro holds several festivals, both religious and not.

Carnival 
Viveiro has the oldest Carnival in Galicia. It is celebrated during the four days before Lent, from Saturday until Shrove Tuesday. It finishes on Tuesday with many floats travelling through the streets.

Saint James' day 
Viveiro celebrates the St. James' Day Battle on July 25 at the Port of Celeiro. It has marines moving through the estuary of Viveiro in a well organised and orderly way, similar to a march.

Twinned towns 
 Lannion, France
 Old Havana, Cuba
 Perth, Australia

Other websites 

 Ferrol-San Cibrao Port Authority  

Towns in Spain
Municipalities in Galicia
Province of Lugo
The Blind men and an elephant is an idiom.

The story of the blind men and an elephant comes from India. It is about a range of truths and mistakes.  It is also about the need for communication and the need for respect for different perspectives.  

The idiom shows the effects of observation and bias. Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.

Story
A group of blind men (or men in the dark) touch an elephant to learn what it is like. Each one feels a different part, but only one part.  For example, one touches only the side and another touches only the tusk. 

The blind men discover that they disagree when each describes what he has learned from touching the elephant.

Poem
A famous poem — "The Blind Men and the Elephant" by John Godfrey Saxe (1816–1887).

The poem begins:
It was six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind
They conclude that the elephant is like a wall, snake, spear, tree, fan or rope, depending upon where they touch.  None of blind men's description is correct for the whole elephant.

Related pages
 Is the glass half empty or half full?

References

Other websites

 Story of the Blind Men and the Elephant  from www.spiritual-education.org 
 All of Saxe's Poems including original printing of The Blindman and the Elephant 
 Buddhist Version as found in Jainism and Buddhism. Udana hosted by the University of Princeton 
 Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi's version as translated by A.J. Arberry
 Jainist Version hosted by Jainworld 
 John Godfrey Saxe's version hosted at Rice University 

Idioms
Elephants
Fables
Parables
Epistemology
Oral tradition
The Internal Troops of Azerbaijan () also known as Interior Troops or Interior Guard is the uniformed gendarmerie-like paramilitary force in Azerbaijan.

The Internal Troops are under the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who also control the police. The Internal Troops are the descended from the Soviet Union's Internal Troops. They are used to deal with internal emergencies such as natural disasters, restoring public order, internal armed conflicts and to protect important facilities. During wartime, the Internal Troops fall under the jurisdiction of the Azerbaijani Land Forces, and can be involved in local defense and security of the country, along with the army.

Its equipment includes Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns.

Other law enforcement bodies in Azerbaijan include the Azerbaijani National Guard and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan and its Coast Guard branch.
Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

References

Other websites
Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs 

Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
Military of Azerbaijan
Government agencies of Azerbaijan
Law enforcement agencies
Law of Azerbaijan
Kaskaskia is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, United States. In 2020 the population was only 21, making it the third-smallest incorporated community in Illinois. It was a major French colonial town of the Illinois Country. Its peak population was about 7,000 when it was a regional center. Kaskaskia became the capital of the Illinois Territory on February 3, 1809. In 1818, Illinois became the 21st U.S. state and Kaskaskia was its capital until 1819. 

In April 1881, the Mississippi River moved its path to the east. This flooded most of the town. The river now passes east rather than west of the town. The state boundary line, however, remained in its original location. Kaskaskia is on a small part of Illinois west of the river. It can only be reached from Missouri.

History
The town was named after the Native American word for the Kaskaskia River. The site of Kaskaskia had been a Native American village for thousands of years. In 1703 French Jesuit missionaries started a mission. They wanted to change the Illini (Native American) people's religion to Catholicism. The first stone church was built in 1714. The French also had a fur trading post at the village.  French settlers came to farm and mine lead on the Missouri side of the river. In 1718 Kaskaskia became the capital of Upper Louisiana and a fort, Fort de Chartres,was built.
From its beginning, Kaskaskia was a French/Indian settlement, with a few French men and many Illinois and other Native Americans. In 1707, the population was about 2,200. Most were Illinois, who lived somewhat apart from the Europeans. From the French, the Native Americans, and their mixed-race descendants at Kaskaskia came the voyageurs and coureurs des bois. They explored and hunted in the Missouri River country. The French wanted to trade with all the Prairie tribes, and with the Spanish colony in New Mexico. This idea horrified the Spanish. The explorer Claude Charles Du Tisne  set up trade relations with the Plains Indians in 1719.
King Louis XV sent a bell to Kaskaskia in 1741 for its church.  During French rule, Kaskaskia and the other farming settlements in the Illinois Country were important for supplying Lower Louisiana, especially New Orleans, with wheat and corn. Farmers sent tons of flour south over the years. These staple crops could not grow in Louisiana's climate.

In 1733, the French built Fort Kaskaskia. The British destroyed the fort in 1763 during the French and Indian War. After the war France gave up the territory east of the river. Many French-speaking people from Kaskaskia and other colonial towns moved west of the Mississippi to the Spanish-held, Upper Louisiana settlements of  Ste. Genevieve, St. Louis, and other areas.
On July 4 1778, during the American Revolution, the city was captured by George Rogers Clark and his force of 200 men including Captain Leonard Helm. It was one of the western-most battles of the Revolution. The parish rang the church bell in celebration, which has since been called the "liberty bell".  The bell is housed in a brick building near the Church of the Immaculate Conception.  The brick church was built in 1843 in the squared-off French style.
As a center of the regional economy, Kaskaskia was the capital of Illinois Territory from 1809 until Illinois became a state in 1818. Zaskaskia continued as the state capital until 1819.  Its peak population was about 7,000 before the capital moved in 1819 to Vandalia.  Although introduction of steamboats on the Mississippi River helped the economies of river towns in the 19th century, their use also had devastating environmental effects.  Loss of trees (Deforestation) along the river banks was caused by steamboat crews' cutting trees to feed the engine fires. River banks became unstable and collapsed into the water.
At first, the town had a good site where the Kaskaskia and Mississippi Rivers joined. But from St. Louis to the junction of the Ohio River, the Mississippi became wider and more shallow, with more severe flooding. Much of Kaskaskia and other French colonial towns have been lost through flooding and erosion.  Following the Great Flood of 1844, Kaskaskia was rebuilt to the south. The original site became an island, surrounded by the Mississippi River.  The flood of 1881 destroyed the original town, and the Mississippi shifted into the channel of the Kaskaskia River, passing east instead of west of the town. Parts of the town were rebuilt in the new area.
As the Mississippi continued to flow through its new bed, earth was deposited so that the village became physically attached to the west bank of the river, which is in the state of Missouri. Now a bayou, the old river bed, is regularly flooded. It has a bridge to carry traffic over it. In 1893, the people of the town moved and rebuilt the Church of the Immaculate Conception on Kaskaskia Island.

By 1950 only 112 people lived in Kaskaskia. By 1970 the population had fallen to 79, and it continued to fall to 33 in 1980.  The town was flooded with nine feet of water by the Great Flood of 1993, which reached the roofs of the buildings.  By 2000, with a only nine residents, Kaskaskia was almost a ghost town and the least populous incorporated community in the State of Illinois.

Geography
Geography

Kaskaskia is located at .
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total land area of 0.2809 km² (0.1085 sq mi, or 69.41 acres), all land.  However, the village is only a small part of Kaskaskia Precinct, which includes all of Randolph County's land west of the Mississippi.  Kaskaskia Precinct has a land area of 24.037 square miles (62.255 km²) and a 2020 census population of 31 persons. In 1993 the Mississippi River almost completely flooded the island.

References

 Kaskaskia village and Kaskaskia precinct, Randolph County, Illinois United States Census Bureau

Other websites
 ''The Randolph County Herald Tribune
 "Images -Kaskaskia, IL" , Computer Chair Traveler
 "Immaculate Conception Church on Kaskaskia Island" , GuidepostUSA
 "Kaskaskia Bell State Historic Site" , GuidepostUSA
 Stead v. Commons of Kaskaskia, 1 Scam. 239 (1909)
 "Curse of Kaskaskia" . Prairie Ghosts
Villages in Illinois
Former United States state capitals
1703 establishments
18th-century establishments in the French colonial empire
Windsor is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. It is built on the banks of the Connecticut River. The population was 2,066 at the 2010 census. The Constitution of Vermont was written and signed in the town. It is known as the birthplace of Vermont. It was the first capital until 1805.  Then Montpelier became the official capital.

History

The first settler in Windsor was Captain Steele Smith who arrived with his family in August 1764. The Constitution of Vermont was written and signed in 1777 at a tavern, now called Old Constitution House. This constitution declared that Vermont was an independent republic, and no longer part of the British Empire. By 1820, Windsor was the largest town in Vermont. It had factories making guns, machinery, tinware, furniture and harness. A dam built across Mill Brook in 1836 provided water power for these factories.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Further reading
 A. J. Coolidge & J. B. Mansfield, A History and Description of New England, Boston, Massachusetts 1859
 Hayward's New England Gazetteer of 1839
 English and American Tool Builders.  Joseph Wickham Roe, 1916 by Yale University Press and 1987 by Lindsay Publications Inc., Bradley IL 60915.   paper

Towns in Vermont
Vermont
1764 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Vermont
Avarua is a town and district in the north of Rarotonga Island. The name means "Two Harbors" in Cook Islands Māori. It is the national capital of the Cook Islands.

The downtown area of Avarua is located at sea level. It is below the peaks of Rarotonga (altitude: ). The town has several supermarkets, two banks and several restaurants. It has other shops which sell black pearls and other handicrafts. The town has an open air market on Saturday. The market sells items including brightly coloured pare'u (wrap around dresses), flower garlands, fresh fish and tropical fruits. The town is served by Rarotonga International Airport (IATA Airport Code:  RAR). In 2006 there were 5,445 people living in Avarua. They mainly make their living from tourism, trade, fishing and agriculture. There is one main road in Avarua. It is called Ara Maire Nui. It is also known as Marine Drive or Main Street. It turns into the island-circling ring road called Ara Tapu at both ends of town.

References
References

Other websites
Photo of Government Radio Station Rarotonga c1950

National capitals in Oceania
Cook Islands
Psychopathy is a personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder. Psychopaths are unemotional. They do not show concern about the feelings or rights of others. They show almost no empathy, and do not try to conform to social norms. They lack a conscience and do not feel guilt. A similar term is sociopathy.

Many psychopaths are charming and often manage to have superficial ties with other people. They use other people for their own benefit. Psychopaths often show other antisocial behaviour as well, including sadism, violence and deception. They are very selfish and discard people whom they have no further use for. They may have many children by many partners.

The definition of psychopathy has varied. Different definitions are used. They only partly overlap and sometimes seem contradictory.

There are efforts to use behaviour therapy to treat psychopaths; often, this may be done in prisons.
Some people are mislabeled as psychopaths, but have no problems with social norms, but they are good at influencing people. There is a difference between the sexes as to how psychopathy is shown. Men show it more more as an antisocial pattern of behaviour. In women it shows more as a histrionic pattern (excessive attention-seeking).

Amongst professional psychiatrists, psychopathy is known for being difficult to treat.

References 

Personality disorders
A map projection is a way of showing the surface of a three-dimensional sphere on a flat surface. Such projections are necessary to create maps. The problem with projections is that they change the surface in some way; this is called distortion. Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions may be less bad. This is why cartographers use different mathematical projections for different maps.

Carl Friedrich Gauss showed that is not possible to project the surface of a sphere to a plane, without distorting it. This theorem is known as Theorema egregium today.
To understand the projections, it is easier to imagine a light source, a globe, and another geometric object. The light source shines "a shadow" of each point of the globe onto the geometric object. At the end the surface of the geometric object is unrolled, this yields the map. It is possible to tell the projections apart by the type of helper object used.
Using a plane gives azimuthal projections. 
Using a cone gives conical projections.
Using a cylinder gives cylindrical ones. 

Cylindrical projections "put the sphere into a cylinder, and then unroll its surface". Examples of these are Equirectangular projection, Mercator projection
Psedocylindrincal: Same as cylindrical, but only applies to the main meridian and parallels.
The Azerbaijani National Guard () is a paramilitary force in Azerbaijan. The Internal Troops is under the authority of the Government of Azerbaijan  and operates as a semi-independent entity. The Azerbaijani National Guard was definitely active in December 1996 but has been united into the Special State Protection Service. The guard was established on the December 25, 1991.

The Special State Protection Service (SSPS) of Azerbaijan is a military unit directly under the authority of the President of Azerbaijan. Its responsibilities include the protection of the President of Azerbaijan, the protection of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (Parliament), the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan, the Constitutional Court, the Central Election Commission and other public bodies as well as the protection of important foreign leaders visiting Azerbaijan.
One of the most important tasks of the SPSS is the safety of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan petroleum and natural gas pipeline and the South Caucasus petroleum pipeline. NATO is supporting the service with several helicopters and military vehicles in order to protect the pipelines.

During wartime, the Azerbaijani National Guard operates together with the Azerbaijani Land Forces, and can be involved in local defense and security of the country, along with the army.

Other law enforcement bodies in Azerbaijan include the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan and its Coast Guard branch.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

References

Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
National Guard
Government agencies of Azerbaijan
Woody Stephens (September 1, 1913 – August 22, 1998) was an American horse racing trainer that was put into the hall of fame in 1976.

Other websites 
Woody Stephens at Infoplease

1913 births
1998 deaths
Horse racing
Sportspeople from Kentucky
Road Town, on Tortola, is the capital of the British Virgin Islands. It is next to the horseshoe-shaped Road Harbour in the centre of the island's south coast. About 9,400 people lived there in 2004.

The name comes from sailing. "The roads" means a place less sheltered than a harbor but where ships stop. Its marina made Road Town a popular place in the Caribbean for chartering yachts. Cruise ships often dock here. Road Town also has tourism.

The Harbour is the dock for many of the ferries servicing the island. The ferry terminal is at the southwest end of Road Town. Ferries run during the day every day of the week. A 28 hectare (70 acre) development called Wickham's Cay, is on two areas of man-made land. The HM Prison on Main Street is the oldest building in Road Town. It was built in the 1840s. People disagree about where the borders of the town are.

History
The Emancipation Proclamation was read on 1 August 1834. This gave slaves their freedom, even though slavery had been officially abolished in 1807.
In 1853, a fire destroyed nearly every building in Road Town. Angry rioters spread the fire to protest an increase on the cattle tax. Rioters burned most of the plantations across the island.

References

Other websites
Ferry Schedule
Tortola Map & Guide 
Detailed map of Road Town
Article from Encyclopedia Britannica
Real Travel/Frommer's Travel Guide to Road Town 

National capitals in North America
British Virgin Islands
The State Border Service of Azerbaijan Republic () also known as Border Guard of Azerbaijan is a governmental law enforcement paramilitary agency in charge of protecting the borders of Azerbaijan.

History
The State Border Service of Azerbaijan was established on July 31, 2002 by the order of the President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, by taking of the border troops from jurisdiction of the Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan. The main function of the border guard is to guard the Azerbaijani borders against any illegal acts, and to prevent illegal weapons, drugs and human trafficking in the country. 

Chief of State Border Service and Commander of Border Troops is General-Lieutenant Elchin Guliyev.

Other law enforcement bodies in Azerbaijan include the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan and the Azerbaijani National Guard.

Maritime Brigade (Azerbaijani Coast Guard)
The Azerbaijan Coast Guard is an Azeri law enforcement agency which is a part of the State Border Service. It has been getting U.S. Coast Guard help including the buying of a Point-class cutter.

The commander is Major General Ilham Mehdiyev.

The Coast Guard was established within the State Border Service by presidential order in 2005. The Coast Guard’s new base was built in Türkan district of Baku within the State Program on “Technical development of security of state borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2006-2010”. 

The Maritime Brigade/Coast Guard has one Point class cutter, S 14 (ex Point Brower, transferred 28 February 2003), one Osa class missile boat, S 008, which has had its SS-N-2B missiles removed, 3 Stenka class patrol boats, S 005, S 006, and S 007, all with sonar and torpedo tubes removed, 1 Zhuk class patrol craft, P 222, and two  long Silver Ships small craft, S 11 and S 12. (Jane's Fighting Ships 2010)
Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani National Guard

Other websites
 Official website 
Azerbaijantoday.com. Azerbaijan border service has covered a long way of development, 07.09.2009
News.az. State Border Service ships rescue Russian ship 
Defenselink.mil. Caspian Guard initiative

References

Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
Military of Azerbaijan
Government agencies of Azerbaijan
Couvade (French, from couver, 'to hatch', from Latin cubare 'lie down) describes the imitation of a pregnancy. It is performed by a man. The anthropologist E. B. Tylor was the first person that made use of the name couvade.

Practise 
To do so, the father carries out the same restrictions as the mother. These usually start closer towards the end of the pregnancy. It often proceeds for various amounts of time after childbirth. Restrictions: certain food taboos, staying only in the village or at home, avoiding certain places, no consumption of alcohol, cigarettes or stimulants or handling with sharp instruments. In some cases, the man copies the woman’s behaviour and pains during childbirth.
Occurrence 
The couvade is known throughout history, for example in the ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, in the Basque Country and in the south of France. These days, it still exists in various cultures around the world among indigenous people in India, Thailand, Indonesia, China, Africa, North America and South America.

Reasons 
These range from the spiritual and physical protection of the child, bonding of father with child as well as wife, the public recognition of fatherhood and support and relief of mother so she can maintain the household after the childbirth. The reasons for couvade are in some cultures linked to certain myths that give instructions and show what can go wrong if the parents do not follow them.

Consequences of not doing couvade 
It is believed to have huge impacts on the child such as illness, disability, death and the transformation into other creatures.
References 
E. B. Tylor (1878) Researches into the early history of mankind and the development of civilization. Boston : Estes & Lauriat 
H. Ling Roth (1893) ‘On the Signification of Couvade’. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 11: 204-243
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/couvade 
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Couvade+Syndrome
Pregnancy and childbirth
Elizabeth City is a city in northeastern North Carolina close to the Virginia state line. The region is vulnerable to tropical cyclones because of its location. Elizabeth City is located in Pasquotank and Camden counties. Elizabeth City is the county seat and largest city of Pasquotank County.

Elizabeth City is the birth city of Nikita Pavlunenko.

Cities in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
"Hark! the Herald Angels Sing" is a song connected with the Christmas season which dates back to around 1739. This song has been altered numerous times during the decades. Many musicians have covered this song during the years, including though not limited to Amy Grant.

Christmas carols
1730s works
18th-century songs
was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. It was in Yamato Province, which is present-day Nara Prefecture.

Imperial Palaces 

When Asuka was Japan's capital, new palaces were constructed for each new monarch.  Sometimes Imperial palaces were abandoned because of fires or bad omens.

According to tradition, Asuka was the site of Chikatsu-Asuka-Yatsuri Palace during the reign of Emperor Kenzo

Imperial capitals in Asuka in 593-640 were:
 Toyura Palace (Toyura-no-miya), 593–603
 Oharida Palace (Oharida-no-miya), 603–629
 Okamoto Palace (Oakmoto-no-miya), 630–636
 Tanaka Palace (Tanaka-no-miya), 636–639
 Umayasaka Palace (Umayasaka-no-miya), 640

In 640-642, the court briefly moved to Kōryō and the Kudara Palace (Kudara-no-miya); then the court returned to Asuka at the Itabuki Palace (Itabuki no miya), 643–645
In 645-654, the emperor and the government moved to an area within the current city limits of Osaka.  This was the Naniwa-Nagara no Toyosaki Palace (Naniwa-Nagara no Toyosaki-no-miya).

In Asuka, the Imperial capitals in 655-660 were:
 Itabuki Palace, 655–655
 Kawahara Palace (Kawahara-no-miya), 655–655
 Later Okamoto Palace (Nochi no Asuka-Okamoto-no-miya), 656–660

In 660-661, the court removed to Asakura in Fukuoka Prefecture at the Asakura no Tachibana no Hironiwa Palace (Asakure no Tachibana no Hironiwa-no-miya).

In 667-672, the emperor moved to the Ōmi Ōtsu Palace (Ōmi Ōtsu-no-miya) in Ōmi-kyō which is today called Ōtsu in Shiga Prefecture.

In Asuka, the Imperial capitals in 672-694 were:
 Shima Palace, 672
 Okamoto Palace, 672
 Kiyomihara Palace (Kiomihara-no-miya), 672–694

Asuka was abandoned when Empress Jitō moved the court and the capital to Fujiwara-kyō.

Related pages
 Capital of Japan

References 

Former capitals of Japan
was the Imperial capital of Japan for six months in 1180. It was in present-day Hyogō Prefecture.

Related pages
 Capital of Japan

References

Former capitals of Japan
was the Imperial capital of Japan between 694 and 710. It was established by Empress Jitō in Yamato Province (present-day Kashihara in Nara Prefecture).

Related pages
 Capital of Japan
 Heijō-kyō

References

Other websites

Former capitals of Japan
Corydon is a town in Harrison Township, Harrison County, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1808. Corydon was the second capital of the Indiana Territory, from May 1, 1813, until December 11, 1816. When Indiana became a US state in 1816, Corydon became Indiana's first state capital. On January 10, 1825 the capital moved to Indianapolis. The town remains the county seat of Harrison County. It had a population of 3,122 at the 2010 census.

History
Corydon was part of the land captured for the United States by George Rogers Clark from the British during the American Revolution.

In the early 1800s, Edward Smith and his family settled on the site of today's county fairgrounds. William Henry Harrison, Governor of the Indiana Territory, often stopped to rest at their home while travelling  to and from Vincennes. Harrison decided to build a town there and asked Edward Smith's daughter, Jenny, to name it. She chose the name Corydon from Harrison's favorite hymn, the Pastoral Elegy.

Early history
Early history

Harrison sold the town site to Harvey Heth in 1808, a government surveyor and large landowner. Heth donated the town square for public use, and sold individual lots to settlers and the government. In 1809, Corydon was joined by road to Doup's Ferry, 15 miles (24 km) to the south in Mauck's Port. This gave access to the Ohio River for trade. Corydon sent a mounted militia company company nicknamed the Yellow Jackets to support the US army in the War of 1812. They fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Corydon, Madison and Jeffersonville all wanted to be the new capital of the territory, but Corydon was more central to the population of the newly reorganized Indiana Territory. Corydon became the second capital of the Indiana Territory on May 1, 1813, when it was moved there from Vincennes.  When Indiana became the 19th US state on 11 December 1816, Corydon became the state capital of Indiana.  The first state capitol building made using limestone from a nearby quarry, was built from 1814-1816.  The Governor's Mansion and First State Office Building were built in 1817. The Grand Masonic Lodge, the first in the state, was built in 1819.
The state's first constitution was written in Corydon during June 1816. The 43 delegates, representing Indiana Territory's counties, met in the Harrison County Courthouse.  Because of cramped conditions inside the courthouse and the summer heat, they often met outside under a giant elm tree next to Big Indian Creek.  This tree is now known as the Constitution Elm, and its trunk is still preserved.

Dennis Pennington, the speaker of territorial legislature and others from Harrison County in the Indiana General Assembly did not want to move the capital from Corydon. They added a clause to the state constitution during the convention preventing the capital from leaving the town before 1825. But as the population of the state shifted continually northward, it was no longer convenient to have a state capital at the southern edge of the state. The capital was finally moved to Indianapolis on January 10, 1825.
Post-capital period
Corydon was the site of the only Civil War battle fought in Indiana. On July 9, 1863, Confederate cavalry led by Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan, and citizens of Brandenburg, Kentucky, crossed the Ohio River into Indiana. This became known as "Morgan's Raid". Morgan's 2,500 men were opposed by 400 hastily assembled home guard at the Battle of Corydon. The Union troops were quickly defeated and the town surrendered. Corydon was sacked in retaliation for Union looting in Kentucky. The town's treasury of $690 was seized, and prisoners in the jail were released. Morgan demanded from $600 to $700 from each mill and shop owner; otherwise their buildings would be burned. Tradition says one Corydon miller overpaid by $200; Morgan promptly returned it to him.
The railroad reached Corydon in 1882. Corydon was connected by Southern Railways to the main line running across northern Harrison County at Crandall. The line remained open to passenger traffic until 1996. In 2008, the line was owned by Lucas Oil.

In 1929, the county built a new courthouse to replace the old state capitol building. The old statehouse was converted into an historical memorial.

The Old Capitol Building is now a state historic site and the downtown area became a National Historic District in 1973. The Governor's Headquarters, Constitution Elm, First State Office Building and Posey House are also part of the historic area. The O'Bannon Publishing Company prints the Corydon Democrat', a weekly newspaper. Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon owned the publishing company and his wife still lives nearby.

Geography
Corydon is located at  (38.212724, -86.125318).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of  1.6 square miles (4.1 km²), all land.

References
References

Other websites
Town of Corydon, Indiana website

Towns in Indiana
County seats in Indiana
Indiana
The 2011–12 Russian Premier League was the 20th season of the Russian Premier League since the breakup of the Soviet Union. The season took place from 12 March 2011 to 22 May 2012. Zenit St. Petersburg won their third title, and successful defended their title.

Teams

References 

Russian Premier League
2011 in Russia
2012 in Russia
2011–12 in Russian football
George Thorogood (born February 24, 1950) is an American blues rock singer/guitarist. He is from Wilmington, Delaware. Thorogood is famous for his cover versions of blues standards. He says Elmore James, Hound Dog Taylor and Chuck Berry are the people who influenced him musically. George Thorogood has released sixteen studio albums.

Life
Thorogood was born on February 24, 1950 and was raised in Naamans Manor, a suburb of Wilmington. He was the middle one of five children. He graduated from Brandywine High School in 1968. He played semi-professional baseball. He turned to music after hearing a concert of John P. Hammond in 1970.
In 1976 he recorded his debut album: "George Thorogood & The Destroyers" with his band, The Destroyers. Sometimes the band is called "The Delaware Destroyers". In 1981 they got their first nationwide recognition. They played as support act for the Rolling Stones. In the 1980s they played a lot of concerts including the "50/50" tour of 1980, on which the band toured 50 US states in 50days. in 1982 released his best-known song, "Bad to the Bone", and an album of the same name. The song has been used frequently in television and film, including the sci-fi thriller Terminator 2: Judgment Day, the comedies Problem Child, and Problem Child 2, Stephen King's Christine, and many episodes of the television sitcom Married with Children. This track also was used during the intro to the movie Major Payne.

Band members
Band members

The Destroyers
 George Thorogood – lead vocals and lead guitar
 Jeff Simon – drums, percussion (1974–present)
 Billy Blough – bass guitar (1977–present)
 Jim Suhler – rhythm guitar (1999–present)
 Buddy Leach – saxophone, piano (2003–present)

Former members
 Ron "Roadblock" Smith – rhythm guitar (1974–1980)
 Hank "Hurricane" Carter – saxophone (1980–2003)
 Steve Chrismar – rhythm guitar (1985–1993)

Discography

Studio albums with the Destroyers
 1977: George Thorogood and the Destroyers (Gold)
 1978: Move It on Over (Gold)
 1979: Better Than the Rest (Recorded in 1974)
 1980: More George Thorogood and the Destroyers
 1982: Bad to the Bone (Platinum)
 1985: Maverick (Gold)
 1986: Nadine (CD Rerelease of Better Than the Rest)
 1988: Born to Be Bad (Gold)
 1991: Boogie People
 1993: Haircut
 1997: Rockin' My Life Away
 1999: Half a Boy/Half a Man
 2003: Ride 'Til I Die
 2006: The Hard Stuff
 2009: The Dirty Dozen
 2011: 2120 South Michigan Ave.