Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Items on the list 
Almost all the items are either star clusters or nebulae.  There are only three galaxies in the first fifty, starting with Andromeda at M31. Individual stars are not listed.  The first ten in the list are:
 M1: NGC 1952 Crab nebula, a supernova remnant
 M2: NGC 7089 a globular cluster
 M3: NGC 5272 a globular cluster
 M4: NGC 6121 a globular cluster 
 M5: NGC 5904 a globular cluster 
 M6: NGC 6405 Butterfly cluster, an open cluster 
 M7: NGC 6475 Ptolemy cluster, an open cluster 
 M8: NGC 6523 Lagoon nebula, a nebula with a cluster 
 M9: NGC 6333 a globular cluster 
 M10: NGC 6254 a globular cluster

References 

Astronomical catalogues
Barium sulfide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaS. It contains barium and sulfide ions.

Properties 
Barium sulfide is colorless when pure. It can get colored when it is not pure. It reacts slowly with water to make barium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide. It reacts with acids to make a barium salt and hydrogen sulfide, too.

Preparation 
It is made by reduction of barium sulfate with carbon at a high temperature.

Uses 
It is used to make barium compounds from barium ore.

Safety 
Barium sulfide looks very similar to barium sulfate. Barium sulfate is not toxic, while barium sulfide is very toxic. Barium sulfide dissolves in water to make toxic hydrogen sulfide and toxic barium hydroxide. If someone is fed barium sulfide, it would kill them.

Related pages 
Barium chloride
Barium carbonate

Sulfur compounds
Barium compounds
The life-cycle is very complex. There is a sequence of different stages in the vector and the host. These stages include: 
sporozoites which are injected by the mosquito vector into the host's blood; 
hypnozoites which may rest undetected in the liver for up to 30 years; 
merosomes and merozoites which infect the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of the blood; 
trophozoites which grow in the red cells, and schizonts which divide there, producing more merozoites which leave to infect more red cells;  
gametocytes, male and female sexual forms, which are taken up by other mosquitoes. In the mosquito's midgut, the gametocytes develop into 
gametes which fertilize each other to form motile 
zygotes which escape the gut, only to grow into 
new sporozoites which move to the mosquito's salivary glands, from where they are injected into the mosquito's next host, infecting it and restarting the cycle.
The genus Plasmodium was first described in 1885. At least ten species infect humans. Other species infect other animals, including birds, reptiles and rodents, while 29 species infect non-human primates. The Apicomplexa – the phylum to which Plasmodium belongs – are thought to have originated within the Dinoflagellates – a large group of photosynthetic protozoa.

The most common forms of human malaria are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. P. falciparum malaria, common in sub-Saharan Africa, is especially dangerous.

References 

Protozoa
Parasites
Apicomplexa
Barium peroxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaO2. It contains barium and peroxide ions.

Properties
Barium peroxide is a gray-white solid. It reacts with water to make oxygen gas. When it is heated very hot, it releases oxygen and turns into barium oxide.

Preparation
It is made by heating barium oxide. This process used to be used to get oxygen from the air. Barium oxide was heated to around 300°C, absorbing oxygen and making barium peroxide. The barium peroxide was heated above 500°C, releasing the oxygen. Then it could be reused.

Uses
Barium peroxide can be used to make hydrogen peroxide by reaction with sulfuric acid. This also makes the solid barium sulfate.

Related pages
Barium oxide
Barium chloride

Barium compounds
Oxygen compounds
Peroxide is an ion. Its chemical formula is O22-. Peroxide can be a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent. More often it is an oxidizing agent. It can be reduced to oxide or oxidized to oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is the most common peroxide. Barium peroxide is another peroxide.

There are organic peroxides. These are chemical compounds where peroxide is attached to an organic molecule. Some of them are explosives.

Related pages
Perchlorate

Ions
Oxygen
Barium oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaO. It contains barium and oxide ions.

Properties
Barium oxide is a white solid. It dissolves in water to make barium hydroxide. It reacts with acids to make barium salts.

Preparation
Barium oxide is made by heating barium carbonate with carbon. This prevents barium peroxide from forming when it is heated. It can also be made by heating barium nitrate.

Uses
Barium oxide can be added to glass instead of lead(II) oxide. It is also used in cathode ray tubes. It can be used as a catalyst.

Safety
Barium oxide is very toxic when eaten.

Related pages
Barium chloride
Barium sulfate

Barium compounds
Oxides
Barium nitrate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ba(NO3)2. It contains barium and nitrate ions.

Properties
Barium nitrate is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water. It is an oxidizing agent. It releases a green flame when burned. It decomposes when heated to barium oxide, oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide. If it is heated in nitric oxide, it makes barium nitrite. It reacts with any sulfate or sulfuric acid to make barium sulfate.

Preparation
It is made by reacting barium carbonate with nitric acid. It can also be prepared by reacting the solutions of sodium nitrate with barium chloride.

Uses
Barium nitrate can be mixed with powdered aluminium and zinc. This makes an explosive. It is also used in fireworks to make a green color. It is also used to make barium oxide.

Safety
Barium nitrate is very toxic. Sulfates can be given if someone eats barium, because they turn it into nontoxic barium sulfate.

Related pages
Potassium nitrate

Nitrogen compounds
Barium compounds
Barium hydroxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ba(OH)2. It contains barium and hydroxide ions.

Properties
Barium hydroxide is a white solid. It dissolves in water to make a basic solution. It decomposes to barium oxide when heated in a vacuum. It reacts with carbon dioxide to make barium carbonate. It reacts with any sulfate to make barium sulfate. It reacts with hydrogen sulfide to make barium sulfide.

Preparation
It is made by dissolving barium oxide in water.

Uses
Barium hydroxide is used in titrations. If sodium hydroxide solution is used, some sodium carbonate may be in there. It is less basic than sodium hydroxide, so the titration can be messed up. When barium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to make barium carbonate, it forms a white solid that can be removed.

It is used as a strong base in organic chemistry. It is used to clean up sulfuric acid spills by making barium sulfate. It can also be used for removing ink marks from clothes.
Safety
Barium hydroxide is corrosive because it is basic. It is also toxic because of barium ions.

Related pages
Barium peroxide

Barium compounds
Barium carbonate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaCO3. It contains barium and carbonate ions.

Properties
Barium carbonate is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with acids to make barium salts. It turns into barium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated. It reacts with sulfuric acid to make barium sulfate though.

Occurrence
Barium carbonate occurs as witherite. Witherite is the main source of barium salts. It is more easily turned into other barium compounds than barium sulfate, barite. It is heavily mined in Northumberland. It turns into barium sulfate when water containing sulfates flows through it.

Preparation
It can be purified from the natural ore, or it can be made by reacting barium sulfide with sodium carbonate. It can also be made by reacting barium sulfide with a mixture of carbon dioxide and water.

Uses
Barium carbonate is used to poison rats. It is also used in making bricks. It is also used to glaze ceramics. This glaze can make different colors.
Safety
Barium carbonate can dissolve in stomach acid, so it is toxic. There is a controversy over whether it should be used as a glaze.

Related pages
Barium chloride
Barium bromide

Barium compounds
Carbonates
Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was a conservative politician from the United States. He represented Arizona in the United States Senate. 

He ran for President of the United States in 1964 against Lyndon B. Johnson. He did not win. Goldwater was a member of the Republican Party. He was a Freemason. He wrote The Conscience of a Conservative. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He was a commentator on the Cable News Network (CNN) in its early years.

Goldwater died from a stroke in Paradise Valley, Arizona, aged 89. He was suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

Career
Career

Goldwater was called "Mr. Conservative" during his political career. He was a Senator from Arizona, replacing Ernest McFarland. In 1960, he wrote The Conscience of a Conservative. The book was a best seller. In 1964, he was the Republican candidate for President. He ran against Lyndon Johnson. Goldwater's most famous quote (which he said in July 1964 in San Francisco) was "Extremism in the Defense of Liberty is no vice, and Moderation in the Pursuit of Justice is no virtue." He meant that people should always do what was necessary to make the world freer and more just even if it was hard or made them unpopular. Goldwater lost to Johnson by a large number of votes.
Goldwater went back to the Senate after losing the election. His run for president helped start the conservative movement of today, which agrees with many of Goldwater's ideas. He didn't agree with the social conservatives who were against abortion and gay rights. Goldwater stayed in the Senate until 1987. He helped Sandra Day O'Connor get on the Supreme Court. He passed a military reform law. Goldwater retired to Arizona after being in the Senate. He died in Arizona in 1998.

Personal life

Goldwater enjoyed photography, airplanes, and radio. He collected Native American Kachina Dolls, which are made by the Native Americans of Arizona. He donated his collection to a museum. Goldwater had four children.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Arizona Republicans
Deaths from stroke
People with Alzheimer's disease
People from Prescott, Arizona
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
1960 United States presidential candidates
1964 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Arizona
Republican Party (United States) politicians
1909 births
1998 deaths
Libertarians
American Jews
Chris Ivory (born March 22, 1988) is an American football running back for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League. He was signed as a free agent by the Saints on May 3, 2010. He played college football at Washington State and at Tiffin University in Ohio.

Early years
Ivory played  both football and track and field in high school at Longview High School in Longview, Texas.

College career
Ivory played three years for Washington State.  Because of injuries, he did not get to play as much as he could have. In 22 games, he rushed 91 times for 534 yards and 4 touchdowns. He also had 23 kickoff returns, averaging 22.8 yards.  In August 2009, Ivory was kicked off the Washington State team.
Ivory then went to Tiffin, a Division II school in Tiffin, Ohio, whose team was coached by Dave Walkosky. Walkosky had been a Washington State assistant coach.  In Ivory's final year of college football, he had 39 rushes for 223 yards in five games before hurting his knee, which ended his season.  Walkosky tried to get a medical redshirt exemption for Ivory, which would have let Ivory play another year, but he did not get one.  Even though he did not play much at Tiffin, some NFL scouts saw Ivory's performance and speed, and some people thought he could become the first Tiffin player to be picked in the NFL Draft. However, this did not happen.

Professional career
New Orleans Saints
Ivory was not drafted, but he reached a deal with the Saints immediately after the draft, and signed as a free agent on May 3, 2010. He played well in training camp and preseason games. This included a good game against the San Diego Chargers that included a 76-yard touchdown on a swing pass. Chris Ivory made the Saints 53 man roster after beating out Ladell Betts for the last running back position with a great preseason performance.

References

Other websites
New Orleans Saints bio page 
 Washington State Cougars bio page 

1988 births
Living people
New Orleans Saints players
American football running backs
Sportspeople from Texas
The Advertising Council, mostly called the Ad Council, is an American non-profit organization that creates public service announcements on behalf of sponsors, including non-profit organizations and the United States government.

The Advertising Council does not make public service advertisements for itself but it acts as a creator of them for others. The Advertising Council allows sponsor organizations to create advertising that are on social issues as well.

History
The Advertising Council was created in 1941, and shortly after, in February 1942, it was registered as The War Advertising Council for the purpose of being in the advertising industry in support of the Second World War effort. Early ads tried to tell people about the purchase of war bonds and saving of war things.

After the Second World War, the War Advertising Council changed its name to the Advertising Council and shifted its focus to peacetime ads. In 1945, the Ad Council began working with the National Safety Council.
Famous campaigns
Rosie the Riveter was made by the WAC as part of its "Women in War Jobs" ads.
 "Crying Indian" anti-pollution ad for Keep America Beautiful, was created in 1973 and won two Clio Awards
 United Negro College Fund, with its slogan "A mind is a terrible thing to waste", was created in 1972
 McGruff ad with its slogan "Take a bite out of crime" for the National Crime Prevention Council (along with the U.S. Department of Justice), was created in 1978
 "Friends don't let friends drive drunk" ad for the U.S. Department of Transportation until 2005
 Smokey Bear campaign was created in 1944 to tell Americans about the harm wildfires could cause the war effort, and the danger that the Japanese might start forest fires on the West Coast of the United States. It was 1947 when the Smokey Bear phrase was made: "Remember...only YOU can prevent forest fires!" 
 Vince and Larry, the Crash Test Dummies (1985–1999)
"I am an American" (2001-present) -- an ad launched in wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack about the people in America.  The ad has people of many people looking in the camera and simply saying, "I am an American."
 Energy Hog
Organizations done by the Ad Council
Autism Speaks
Give Kids The World Village
Keep America Beautiful
National Crime Prevention Council
United Negro College Fund
United States Department of Agriculture
United States Department of Transportation
WIC

Notes and references

Robert Jackall and Janice M. Hirota, The Image Makers: Advertising, Public Relations, and the Ethos of Advocacy (University of Chicago, 2000).  (paperback: )

Other websites
The Advertising Council official website
Advertising Council archives 
Outdoor Advertising Association of America homepage
Advertising Council Retrospective  on aef.com
Ad Council's YouTube listing
Guide to collections containing information on the Advertising Council at the Eisenhower Presidential Library 

Advertising
Non-profit organizations of the United States
1941 establishments in the United States
Mobile Suit Gundam 00 (Japanese ) is a manga and anime. It is the seventh part of the of Sunrise's Gundam series. It has two seasons. It is directed by Seiji Mizushima and written by Yōsuke Kuroda. Yun Kōga designed the characters.  The series aired on the Mainichi Broadcasting System and Tokyo Broadcasting System from October 5, 2007 to March 29, 2008. The second season began on October 5, 2008 and ended on March 29, 2009.

Mobile Suit Gundam 00 is the first Gundam series to be animated in widescreen and in high-definition.

References

Other websites

Official Website 
Official MBS website 
Official Bandai Entertainment website 

Gundam 00 & Gundam 00F manga review 

2008 anime television series
Manga
Jean Piaget (9 August 1896 - 16 September 1980) was a Swiss developmental psychologist. He is famous for his work with children and how they learn. He started a type of study called "genetic epistemology", which is about where knowledge comes from.

Stages of cognitive development
At first, Piaget was a biologist. He was especially interested in mollusks. He became more interested in psychology while listening to children talk. He wondered how they learned, and came up with a theory that they go through stages where they become ready for certain kinds of learning. These stages are called "stages of cognitive development". For example, the first stage he came up with is called the "sensorimotor stage". He believed that, from birth to two years old, children would learn that they are different from objects, and that even if the child left a room, things that were in the room would still be there. (This is called "object permanence").

References

Other websites
Piaget's Cognitive Stages
Swiss psychologists
1896 births
1980 deaths
People from Neuchâtel‎
Dale Jonathan Winton (22 May 1955 – 18 April 2018) was an English television personality and DJ. He began his DJ career in 1982 by DJing on weekends. He was born in London. This led him to United Biscuits Industrial Radio where he did many kinds of jobs before getting his own morning show. After that, he joined Radio Trent in Nottingham. He was on a variety of different radio stations. He was a DJ on Radio 2.

His television career began in 1987, working for Channel Four, the Lifestyle Channel. his best known television programme however was Dale's Supermarket Sweep It was broadcast from 1993 to 2007 on ITV with a new series in 2010 on Sky. He also acted in Pets Win Prizes, The Great British Song Contest, Gimme Gimme Gimme, Touch The Truck, Dale's Wedding, Celebrity Fit Club,  Never Mind the Buzzcocks, In It To Win It, Show Me What You've Got and Hole In The Wall among other TV programmes.
He had 1 hit single to date, his hit was as Dale Winton featuring Bar-codes & Alison Brown. It reached number 72 in 1994 

Winton was openly gay.

Winton died suddenly on 18 April 2018 in London at the age of 62.

References

1955 births
2018 deaths
Actors from London
BBC radio presenters
BBC television presenters
British radio personalities
English LGBT people
English television actors
English television presenters
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
ITV presenters
Radio personalities from London
Shikoku  is the smallest of Japan's four main islands.  About 4 million people live there, fewer than on any of the other main islands. 

The island lies south of Honshu and east of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Strait. A bridge connects it to Honshu. 

Farming is a very important business in Shikoku. Citrus fruits are an important product. Shikoku is the home of the 88 Temple Pilgrimage of the Shingon sect of Buddhism.

Regions 
Shikoku region covers the entire island.

The name Shikoku literally means "four countries" in Japanese. Shikoku was made of four old "countries" or provinces that are now prefectures. In other words, each prefecture has a modern name and an old provincial name. The old names are still used sometimes, especially for foods, music, or art. 

Ehime, formerly Iyo Province – to the west
Kagawa, formerly Sanuki Province – to the north
Kōchi, formerly Tosa Province – to the south
Tokushima, formerly Awa Province – to the east
Cities 
 Kōchi – home of "Yosakoi" and many local sights
 Matsuyama, Ehime – is best known for the old hot springs at Dogo Onsen
 Takamatsu, Kagawa – the largest city in Shikoku
 Tokushima – home of the Awa Odori festival in August
 Uwajima – has a fertility shrine and wrestling bulls
 Naruto – the east gate of Shikoku.

Points of interest 
 Cape Ashizuri – a scenic cape at the southernmost point of Shikoku
 Iya Valley – a remote but beautiful mountain valley
 Kotohira – the site of the Kompira-san shrine
 Mount Ishizuchi – the tallest peak in Shikoku

Castles
There are twelve original castles that are left in Japan and Shikoku is home to four of them. 
 Marugame Castle, Marugame
 Kōchi Castle, Kochi
 Matsuyama Castle
 Uwajima Castle, Uwajima.

Temples and Shrines
The 88 Temple Pilgrimage is a famous but difficult 1,647-kilometer circle around the entire island. Serious pilgrims may choose to complete the 88 Temple Circuit on foot. Other people uses buses.
Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Islands of Japan
Shikoku region
There are several things called Naruto. Some of these are:

Naruto (manga), Japanese manga
Naruto Uzumaki, main character of Naruto
Naruto, Tokushima, a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan
is a Japanese city in Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.

One of the famous attractions is the Naruto whirlpools between Naruto and Awaji Island in the Seto Inland Sea.

Naruto has the home stadium of professional soccer team Tokushima Vortis.

Ryōzen-ji and Gokuraku-ji are in Naruto. They are the first two temples of the 88 Temple Pilgrimage.

References

Other websites
 Naruto City website  
  Image of Naruto whirlpool

Cities in Tokushima Prefecture
Alxasaurus (meaning "Alxa lizard") was a therizinosaur theropod that lived during the Lower Cretaceous, about 112 to 100 million years ago. Like its near relatives, it was herbivorous. It was about 13 ft (4 m) long and weighed about 800–900 pounds (350 to 400 kg). Five incomplete fossil skeletons have been found in Mongolia.

Coelurosaurs
A spiral galaxy is a kind of galaxy that looks like a flat, slowly rotating disk with a bulge in the centre, and spiral patterns extending outward from the bulge. It contains stars, gas, dust, dark matter and a supermassive black hole at its centre.

Galaxies were long thought to be nebulae.  The spiral nebula as a type was first described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae.  They are now listed as galaxies, and are named after their shape.

The barred spiral galaxy is an important and common type of spiral galaxy. There are three other kinds of spiral galaxies. Grand-design spiral galaxies have two well-shaped and well-defined arms. Multiple-arm spiral galaxies have more arms. In flocculent spiral galaxies, it is hard to see the arms at all, as they are choppy and are ill-defined.
About 60% of galaxies in the universe near us (the 'local universe') are spiral and irregular galaxies. They are mostly found in low-density parts of the universe, and are rare in the centers of galaxy clusters.

Spiral arms 
Spiral arms are regions in spiral galaxies.  They often contain dust,gas and star clusters of young ,hot  and massive stars.  They extend from the central bulge area of spiral and barred spiral galaxies.  The young, hot and massive stars are why the arms are brighter than the center of the galaxy. Some spiral galaxies have yellow, 'fossil' arms of older stars.

Milky Way 
Our own Milky Way was found to be a spiral galaxy in the early 20th century. In the 1990s it was found to be a barred spiral galaxy. The bar is difficult to see from our position in the Galactic disk. The most convincing evidence for its existence comes from a survey,  performed by the Spitzer Space Telescope, of stars in the Galactic center.

References

Other websites
In 2003, Greg Rogers filed a civil lawsuit against Buck. He claimed that Buck had sexually abused him from 1960 when Rogers was 11 and Buck was 16. He also said that his younger brother, Neil, was sexually abused from when he was eight. This was settled outside court. After Buck died, the Telegraph published an interview with an anonymous "Olympic and Commonwealth medalist" who said that he had been abused by Buck as a child. The person who was interviewed was not named, but many knew it was Rogers. Police had begun private investigations into the matter in 1998, but stopped the investigation in 2001, saying that it did not have enough proof. His wife said that the stories were all untrue. She said that she had "trusted" Rogers, who had been the godfather of their late daughter, Sarah, and that having "looked at it from every angle, I can say with certainty in my  they are lies."

References

Accidental deaths in Australia
Sportspeople from Sydney
1943 births
2005 deaths
Edwin Powell Hubble  (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. Hubble's findings changed the scientific view of the universe.

Career
In 1925 he showed that there are galaxies beyond our own, the Milky Way. Also, he developed a method for classifying galaxies.

Then he proved the galaxies were moving away from each other. Hubble found the degree of Doppler effect (redshift) from a galaxy increased in proportion to its distance from Earth. Doppler effect is the change in pitch or colour when an object or sound comes in (higher pitch, brighter color) or moves away (lower and darker). Redshift is observed in the light spectrum

In 1929 Hubble formulated what is called Hubble's law. The law states that the greater the distance between any two galaxies, the greater their relative speed of separation. Georges Lemaître, a Belgian priest and astronomer, had published the idea two years before in an obscure journal. Nevertheless, the idea bears Hubble's name to this day.
Today, the 'apparent velocities' of galaxies are understood as an increase in proper distance which occurs due to the expansion of space. Light traveling through stretching space experiences a Hubble-type redshift.

This work helped to establish that the universe is expanding. Some have incorrectly said that Hubble discovered the Doppler shift in the spectra of galaxies, but this had already been observed earlier by Vesto Slipher, whose data Hubble used.

The Hubble Space Telescope was named after Hubble.
Four major achievements 
According to Sandage, Hubble achieved four main things:
A classification system for nebulae, both galactic (diffuse) and extragalactic (both nebulae inside our Milky Way galaxy, and other galaxies outside it).
Hubble settled decisively the question of the nature of the galaxies (as being other things like the Milky Way).
The distribution of galaxies was found to be homogeneous in distance (the galaxies were all over the universe, not in any particular location).
The linear velocity-distance relation was established. This discovery lead to the notion of the expanding universe which is the centre-piece of the cosmology of the present day.

Hubble's personal opinion on the data 
Hubble himself did not see his 1929 data as evidence for an expanding Universe. Even six years later, Hubble wrote:
Inflation as an explanation for expansion 
Hubble's words were forgotten, and the notion of the expansion of the universe became the consensus. Until the theoretical developments in the 1980s no one had an explanation for why this seemed to be the case. The question "why is the universe expanding?" is now answered by understanding the details of what happened in the first inflationary epoch (10−32 seconds) of the existence of our universe.

Hubble's law

References 

1889 births
1953 deaths
Cosmology
American astronomers
Scientists from Missouri
An act is a way to divide an opera, play, or other drama. Each act is a group of scenes that form an important part of the story. A story will be from one to five acts. Many modern stories are three acts, which match with the beginning, middle, and end of the story. One act is from about 30 to 60 minutes long.

References 

Performing arts
Nationalization is when a business is owned and run by the government. If the government stops owning the business and it becomes controlled by citizens, this is called privatization.

Government
Commerce
Star Wars: TIE Fighter is a space flight simulator game that came out in 1994. It takes place in the Star Wars universe and has starfighters and other spacecraft from the movies and books. The player flies starfighters for the Galactic Empire in various missions.

Story
TIE Fighter takes place in several parts with different storylines. In early missions the player fights against members of the Rebel Alliance, as well as space pirates and other enemies. There is also a story section where the player helps the Empire mediate between two groups that have been at war but say they want a peace treaty.

Later in the game, the player helps find out about a plot by a traitor Admiral to leave the Empire and join the Rebellion, and steal Imperial ships and technology. The rest of the game is about the player working with the Empire to stop the traitors.
Gameplay
In TIE Fighter, the player is a starfighter pilot who flies in combat missions. The game is normally played in first person from the view of the cockpit, but the player can also choose third person camera. There are many starfighters the player can fly, but some can not be used until later in the game. For many missions the player can choose which starfighter to fly and what warheads to use during the mission.

Most missions are combat missions. The player fights enemy starfighters, as well as "capital ships", which are very large starcraft that are hard to destroy. Different missions have different goals. Sometimes the player will escort supplies, scan other spacecraft, or simply hunt enemy ships.

Since the game is in space there is no gravity and the player can fly in any direction. Each starfighter the player can use has laser guns and many have warheads and rechargeable shields.

Star Wars games
Simulator video games
1994 video games
DOS games
A starfighter is a fictional type of spacecraft made for combat in space. The word starfighter is based on the word dogfighter. Starfighters are small and fast. In stories, they most often hold only one or two pilots.

Spacecraft
Science fiction
The Intellivision is a video game console created by toy company Mattel. It was made to compete with the Atari 2600. It was launched in 1980 and discontinued in 1991. Today, Intellivision is owned by Intellivision Entertainment, which is making a new Intellivision-branded console named Intellivision Amico, which will come out in North America, the United Kingdom, the rest of Europe and the MENA region on October 10, 2020.

Video game consoles
"Empire State of Mind" is a song by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. It was released as the third single from Jay-Z's 11th music  album The Blueprint 3 (2009). The song is about New York City, and has a music sample of "Love on a Two-Way Street" (1970) by The Moments. The title of the song takes its name from Billy Joel's "New York State of Mind" (1976).

Charts

References

2009 songs
Alicia Keys songs
Jay-Z songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
New York City
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) is in Speedway, Indiana (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States. It is the home of the Indianapolis 500 race and formerly the home of the Brickyard 400 race.

It was built in 1909. It is the original Speedway, the first racing facility to use the word Speedway. IMS has permanent seating for more than 257,000 people. The infield raises capacity to approximately 400,000. It is the largest and highest-capacity sporting facility in the world.

The Speedway is considered relatively flat by American standards but high-banked by Europeans. It is a two and a half mile, nearly rectangular oval. Each of the four turns are 1/4 mile. Two 5/8 mile long straight connect turns 2 to 3 and turns 4 to 1. Two 1/8 mile short straights, termed short chutes, connect turns 1 to 2 and turns 3 to 4.
A modern infield road course was constructed between 1998 and 2000. It used part of the oval and the infield to create a  track. In 2008, the road course was changed to add another infield section. This is used for motorcycle racing, and is a  course.

On the grounds of the Speedway is the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum, which opened in 1956. It is also the home of the Brickyard Crossing Golf Resort, which originally opened as the Speedway Golf Course in 1929.

Indianapolis Motor Speedway was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987.

In addition to the Indianapolis 500, the Speedway also hosted NASCAR's Brickyard 400 from 1994 to 2020. The Speedway also hosted the United States Grand Prix for Formula One from 2000 to 2007.  In 2008, the Speedway added the Indianapolis motorcycle Grand Prix.
After winning his fifth United States Grand Prix at Indianapolis in , Formula One driver Michael Schumacher holds the record for most victories with the Forumula One version of the road course. A.J. Foyt, Al Unser, Rick Mears and Helio Castroneves each won the Indianapolis 500 four times on the traditional oval. Jeff Gordon has also won four times on the oval in the Brickyard 400. Johnny Aitken holds the record for total wins at the track, with 15 victories (all on the oval), during the 1909, 1910 and 1916 seasons.

History

Early history 

The first motorsports event at the track consisted of 7 motorcycle races, sanctioned by the Federation of American Motorcyclists (FAM), on August 14, 1909.
The first weekend of automobile races took place August 19–21, 1909. It was 16 races sanctioned by the American Automobile Association (AAA). The event almost turned into a disaster because of the surface of crushed stone and tar. There were several accidents and five fatalities. The final race of the weekend was halted after  of its originally-scheduled 300 miles.

Carl G. Fisher, was an Indiana native, and both a former race car driver and one of the owners of the track. He led the work to make the track safer for the drivers and spectators. The track surface was paved with 3.2 million paving bricks. This gave the track its popular nickname The Brickyard. Today,  (one yard) of the original bricks remain at the start/finish line., still giving meaning to the 'brick yard'. The final brick added to the roadway was a gold plated brick and laid by Governor Thomas R. Marshall on December 17, 1909.
The Speedway reopened in 1910. Sixty-six automobile races were held during three holiday weekends (Memorial Day, Fourth of July and Labor Day). Each weekend featured two or three races of  to  distance. Several shorter contests were also held. Each race was its own event and earned its own trophy. All races were sanctioned by the AAA. In 1911, a change in marketing focus led to holding only one race per year.

An estimated 80,000 spectators came to the first Indianapolis 500 Mile Race on Memorial Day May 30, 1911. Admission was one dollar. Ray Harroun won the race at the average speed of 74.602 mph (120.060 km/h).

The next five Indianapolis 500 were held from 1912–1916. Three of the Indy 500 winners were Europeans. These races drew worldwide attention to the Speedway. More international drivers began to enter.
The 1916 race was shortened to 120 laps for . Several things caused the race to be shortened . There was a lack of entries from Europe and a lack of oil. Another reason was out of respect for the war in Europe.

On September 9, 1916, the Speedway hosted a day of short racing events. These were called the Harvest Classic. There were three races held at 20, 50 and  distances. Johnny Aitken, in a Peugeot, won all three events, his final victories at the track. After the Harvest Classic, no race other than the Indianapolis 500 to be held on the grounds for seventy-eight years.

Racing was interrupted in 1917–1918 by World War I. The facility served as a military center for repairs.

Racing resumed in 1919. Speeds quickly increased. In 1925 Peter DePaolo became the first to average 100 mph (160 km/h) for the race.
By the early 1930s, the increasing speeds began to make the track more dangerous. In the period 1931–1935 there were 15 fatalities. Part of the bricks were replaced with tarmac (a tar covered macadam or small stones). During the 1935–1936 seasons a number of changes were made. The inside wall was removed in the corners. The outside wall angle was changed to help keep cars inside the track. Hard crash helmets became required. The first yellow lights were installed around the track.

1940s: Start of the Hulman Era 
At the beginning of the 1940s, the track needed more improvement. In 1941, half of the garage area, known as Gasoline Alley, burned down before the race. When the United States joined World War II, the 1942 race was canceled. In 1942 all auto racing was banned. The 500-Mile Race was canceled for the years 1942–1945. The track mostly abandoned during the war years.
On November 29, 1944, three-time 500 winner Wilbur Shaw came back to do a  tire test for Firestone. The test was approved by the government. Shaw found the track to be in very bad condition. He contacted the owner, Eddie Rickenbacker, and found that the Speedway was for sale. Shaw tried to find a buyer that would keep the Speedway as a race track. He found Indiana businessman Tony Hulman. The Speedway was purchased on November 14, 1945.

Major renovations and repairs were made to the Speedway. It opened in time for the 1946 race. Many improvements have been made since 1946.

The 500-Mile Race became part of the Formula One World Championship for 11 years (1950–1960). None of the regular Indy drivers raced in Formula One. Alberto Ascari from Ferrari was the only F1 driver to race in the 500 during this time.
In October 1961, the final remaining brick sections of the track were paved over with asphalt, with the exception of a distinct three-foot-wide line of bricks at the start/finish line. The "Brickyard" thus became known for its "Yard of Bricks".

NASCAR IROC and Indy Lights at Indy 
From 1919 to 1993, the 500 was the only race run at the Brickyard. Tony George (Hulman's grandson) inherited the track. He brought more racing to the Speedway. NASCAR started racing in 1994 with the Brickyard 400. The International Race of Champions (IROC) event was added in 1998. The last IROC at Indy race was held in 2003.

In 2003, the Firestone Indy Lights Series, a minor league series of the Indy Racing League, started racing at the Speedway. They were the first series to race in May other than the 500 since 1910.

Formula One and road course racing
In 1998, Tony George made a deal to bring Formula One back to the United States. The last time F1 raced in the US was 1991. A new Indy-based road course using part of the oval track, and part of the infield was built in two years. The first United States Grand Prix held at the Speedway was in 2000. The 2001 event reported 185,000 fans were reported in attendance. The success was even more important with the race. The race was held on September 30, 2001. It was the largest international sporting event held in the United States after September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

Unlike the oval track, the Grand Prix road course is raced in a clockwise direction. This follows the general practice of Formula One, in where most circuits run clockwise.
On July 12, 2007, it was announced that Formula One would not return to the Speedway for . Tony George said there were problems meeting the demands of Bernie Ecclestone to continue hosting the event. On May 25, 2010 it was announced that Formula One would return to the United States in 2012 at a new purpose-built track in Austin, Texas.

Tire problems 
In 2005, there was a big problem with some of the Formula One tires. During practice, there was a big crash at turn 13. This part of the F1 circuit is the turn 1 of the oval track. This is also the only banked corner on the F1 calendar. Michelin realized their tires could not handle the banking. They would fail after a few laps. The cars using Bridgestone tires did not have the problem.

The Michelin teams could not solve the problem. Michelin wanted to add a chicane before the turn. The FIA would not allow the track to be modified. Everyone involved tried to fix the problem right up to race. Michelin told their teams the tires were not safe to race with.
The Michelin teams lined up on the starting grid. They drove around the track for the slow parade lap. At the end of the lap, they pulled into the pits and parked their cars. This left only the three Bridgestone teams (six race cars) to run the race. The two Ferrari cars were the only cars on the lead lap at the end of the race.

Motorcycle racing and a new road course 

On July 16, 2007, the Speedway announced that it would host a round of Grand Prix motorcycle racing beginning in 2008. The race was backed by Red Bull and known as the Red Bull Indianapolis GP. This was the first motorcycle racing event at the facility since its first month of operation, in August 1909.
Modifications approved by the FIA and FIM were made to the former Formula One circuit. The new circuit now has 16 turns. The motorcycle course runs counter-clockwise, the same direction as the oval track. It bypass the banking of the oval with a new infield section inside Turn 1. Also, the double-hairpin at the Hulman Straight was replaced with traditional S-turns. The construction was finished before the opening day of the 2008 Indianapolis 500.

Other sporting events 

The city of Indianapolis has hosted a half-marathon. It includes one lap around the Speedway.

The Speedway Golf Course has hosted a PGA Tour event and an LPGA event. A Champions Tour event was hosted there from 1994–1999.

At the 1987 Pan American Games, the speedway hosted opening ceremonies and the speed roller skating competition.

IMS will be used to host events when Indianapolis hosts Super Bowl XLVI in February 2012.

Speed records 

Indianapolis 500

Brickyard 400

United States Grand Prix

Oval dimensions

References
References

Other websites 

Indianapolis Motor Speedway – Official website
BBC's circuit guide
Indianapolis Motor Speedway Page on NASCAR.com
Indianapolis Motor Speedway from Indianapolis, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary

NASCAR tracks
Formula One circuits
Buildings and structures in Indiana
1909 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Indiana
IndyCar Series tracks
is a prefecture in the Shikoku region of Japan on the island of Shikoku. The capital city is Kōchi.

History 
Before to the Meiji Restoration, Kōchi was known as Tosa Province.

Geography 
Kōchi is in the southwestern part of Shikoku.  The prefecture faces the Pacific Ocean. Ehime Prefecture is to the northwest.  Tokushima Prefecture is to the northeast.

Kochi is famous for its clear streams. The most famous stream is Shimanto. The head of the Yoshino River is in Kōchi.

Mount Inamura (Inamura-yama) is the highest peak in the prefecture. Its height is 1,506 m (4,941 ft) above sea level.

Cities

Rivers 
Shimanto river
Niyodo river
Kagami river 
Kuma river

Towns and villages 

These are the towns and villages in each district.

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 7% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Tosa jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Great person
Ryoma Sakamoto
Katsutoyo Yamauchi
Shintaro Nakaoka
Taisuke Itagaki
Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

Kōchi Prefecture  ;
In video games, first person means the player sees the game from the eyes of the character he or she is playing as. This is different than third person where the player watches what the character does from a in-game virtual camera. The player is supposed to feel like he or she is inside the character. 

A common type of first person game is first-person shooter. In a first-person shooter the player can usually see his or her arms holding a gun or other weapon. Some games such as Call of Duty let the player look right down the sights of the gun to aim.

Many simulation games (or "sims") where the player controls a vehicle are first person. This includes most flight simulators and many racing video games. The player can often see the controls and instruments of the vehicle, such as the steering wheel and speedometer in a car or the joystick and altimeter in an airplane.

Video game design
Even before the policy was introduced, China took many steps to encourage families to have fewer children. These steps included messages preaching the importance of family planning. There was one such of these messages that was a sign put up in Tang Shan that read, 'For a prosperous and powerful nation and a happy family, please use birth planning'. There were also incentives and rewards for those who only had one child, which continued through the one-child policy. Some of these included access to government services, better employment opportunities, higher wages, longer maternity leave, quality childcare, and better housing.

As of August 2021, the two child policy increased to three children. This is because of the decline in China's population

References 

Population

Law of the People's Republic of China
The 2010 Commonwealth Games is the nineteenth Commonwealth Games, and the ninth to be held under that name. The Games are being held in New Delhi, India from 3 to 14 October 2010, the largest multi-sport event conducted to date in Delhi and India, which has previously hosted the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982. 

The opening ceremony took place at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event. It is also the first time the Commonwealth Games is held in India and the second time the event has been held in Asia (after 1998 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia).

While allegations of delays and corruption were a cause of concern before the start of the games, the games generally ran smoothly and the opening ceremony was described as "spectacular".

Host selection 
Delhi was selected to host the Commonwealth Games, beating the bid from Hamilton on November 14 2003 at the Commonwealth Games Foundation General Assembly.  This was India's third bid, bidding unsuccessfully in 1990 and 1994.

References
References

2010 in India
Commonwealth Games
Delhi
October 2010 events
Dad's Army is a sitcom made by the BBC which was shown on British television between 1968 and 1977. It is about a Home Guard platoon during World War II. It was very popular at the time and is still repeated. It starred several well-known British actors including Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, John Laurie Bill Pertwee, and Clive Dunn.

It was written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft based partly on Jimmy Croft's experience in the Home Guard but also on the work of comedians such as Will Hay.

Plot
The Home Guard were set up in 1940 to protect Britain in the case of invasion. Because most young men were in the regular army, Home Guard platoons were usually made up of older people. The show followed the Walmington-on-Sea platoon, led by Captain Mainwaring (pronounced "Mannering"), a bank manager who appoints himself leader.
His platoon is made up of his posh sergeant, Wilson, elderly butcher Lance Corporal Jones, several senior citizens (Privates Godfrey and Frazer), as well as a "spiv" (Private Walker) and a mother's boy (Private Pike), as well as other men who don't say much. The humour is derived from their antics, as well as the relationship between Mainwaring and his upper-class sergeant.

In early episodes, the humour was based on the difficulty of starting the platoon without any weapons. In later episodes, the comedy was often based on the characters. Because the platoon rarely encountered the Nazis, their enemy was usually the grumpy ARP Warden Hodges, played by Bill Pertwee.