Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Parliament of South Australia is the legislature of the Australian state of South Australia. It has the Legislative Council and the House of Assembly.  It follows a Westminster system of parliamentary government. 

The Parliament is elected by all citizens who are 18 or older at the time of an election.

The House of Assembly (lower house) has 47 members. The Legislative Council (upper house) has 22 councillors (MLCs).

Notes

Parliaments
Legislatures of country subdivisions
Government of Australia
Politics of South Australia
Bicameral legislatures
Anzac Day is a day that happens once a year in Australia and New Zealand. It is celebrated by both countries on 25th April every year.  It was to commemorate (honour) the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Now though, it celebrates all "who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations" and "the contribution and suffering of all those who have served." 

Anzac Day is also observed in the Cook Islands, Niue, Pitcairn, and Tonga. In the past, it was a national holiday in Papua New Guinea or Samoa.

References

Military of Australia
New Zealand
World War I
Holidays
Thomas William "Tom" Roberts (9 March 1856 – 14 September 1931) was an Anglo-Australian artist.  He was an important member of the Heidelberg School.

Life
Roberts parents were newspaper editors.  The family moved to Australia in 1869.  They lived in Collingwood.  He worked as a photographer's assistant through the 1870s.  He studied art at night under Louis Buvelot.  He became friends with Frederick McCubbin.  He returned to England for three years of full-time art study at the Royal Academy Schools from 1881 to 1884.

Through the 1880s and 1890s he worked in Victoria.  He married 35 year old Elizabeth (Lillie) Williamson in 1896. They had a son, Caleb.  Many of his most famous paintings come from this period.  

He spent World War I in England helping at a hospital. In Australia, he built a house at Kallista, near Melbourne.  This was a happy period in Roberts' life.
Elizabeth died in January 1928.  Tom remarried, to Jean Boyes, in August 1928.  He died in 1931 of cancer in Kallista near Melbourne.  He is buried near near Longford, Tasmania.

Works

Roberts painted a lot of fine oil landscapes and portraits. His most famous works, in his time, were two large works, Shearing the Rams and The Big Picture. Roberts had a theme of showing country people working.  Many examples of Roberts' work can be seen at the National Gallery of Australia.  The Big Picture is at Parliament House, Canberra.

References

1856 births
1931 deaths
Australian painters
Cancer deaths in Victoria (Australia)
English painters
People from Dorset
People from Melbourne
The Snowy Mountains scheme is a hydroelectricity and irrigation system in south-east Australia. It has sixteen major dams; seven power stations; a pumping station; and 225 kilometres of tunnels, pipelines and aqueducts.  It was built between 1949 and 1974. The Chief engineer was Sir William Hudson.  It is the largest engineering project in Australia.

References

Australia
Hydropower
Cinema of Australia means the system of production, distribution, and showing of movies in Australia. Making movies in Australia started in 1906. The Story of the Kelly Gang was the earliest feature movie ever made. Since then, many movies have been made in Australia.  Many have got international praise. Many actors and moviemakers started their careers in Australian movies. 

Commercially successful Australian movies have included Paul Hogan's Crocodile Dundee,  Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge! and Chris Noonan's Babe. Other award winning productions include Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli, The Tracker, Shine and Ten Canoes. Famous Australian trained actors include Errol Flynn, Peter Finch, Rod Taylor, Mel Gibson, Nicole Kidman, Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett and Heath Ledger.

History 
The Australian movie history has been called 'boom and bust'.  This is because at times there are very few movies made and other times many movies are made.

List of highest-grossing Australian movies

References
References

 
Cinema
Holly Hunter (born 20 March 1958) is an American actress. She was born in Conyers, Georgia. Hunter starred in The Piano for which she won the Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award.

Hunter was also nominated for Oscars for her roles in Broadcast News, The Firm, and Thirteen. She has won two Emmy Awards. 

Hunter has acted in many other movies. They include Copycat, Living Out Loud, O Brother, Where Art Thou?, Home for the Holidays, The Incredibles, Thirteen, and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.

Hunter's most outstanding television series was for the drama series Saving Grace (TV series), for which she won the Grace Allen Award, and was nominated for seven other awards.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1958 births
Living people
The music of Australia is the music made in the area of, on the subject of, or by the people of modern Australia.  This includes its earlier Indigenous and colonial societies. Indigenous Australian music is a part of a 40–60,000 year history which made the didgeridoo. Combinations of Indigenous and Western styles show Australian additions to world music. Some people who do this are Yothu Yindi, Christine Anu and Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu. During its early western history, Australia was made of many British colonies.  Australian folk music and bush ballads such as Waltzing Matilda were influenced by Anglo-Celtic culture. Classical forms came from those of Europe. Current Australian music covers many trends.  They are often similar to those of the US, the UK, and similar nations.  There are oftem similarities in the Australian rock and Australian country music genres.
Notable Australian musicians include: the opera singers Dame Nellie Melba and Dame Joan Sutherland; country music stars Slim Dusty (Australia's biggest selling domestic artist) and John Williamson; solo artists John Farnham and Olivia Newton-John, folk-rocker Paul Kelly; Dance group The Avalanches; jazz guitarist Tommy Emmanuel; pioneer rocker Johnny O'Keefe, global folk-rock band The Seekers, global rock and pop bands Men At Work, The EasyBeats, Bee Gees, Air Supply, Crowded House, AC/DC, INXS, Little River Band, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Midnight Oil, Dragon, Silverchair, Youth Group, You Am I and Powderfinger; the "pop princess" Kylie Minogue, Pendulum, Pop Rock duo Savage Garden  and alternative music stars the John Butler Trio and Xavier Rudd
. Other popular artists and groups include The Choirboys, Chantoozies, Cheetah, Sharon O'Neill, Marc Williams, Peter Andre, Goanna, Australian Crawl, Rose Tattoo, Colleen Hewett, Keith Urban, The Angels, Ted Mullry Gang, Hush, The Mixtures, Helen Reddy, and Diana Trask.
Australian literature is the written or literary work made in the area or by the people of Australia and its preceding colonies. During its early western history, Australia was many British colonies. Therefore, its literary tradition is linked with English literature. Since 1788, the character of a new continent came into the literature.  Themes included Aboriginality, mateship, egalitarianism, democracy, migrant and national identity, distance from other Western nations and proximity to Asia, the complexities of urban living and the "beauty and the terror" of life in the Australian bush.

Notable Australian writers have included the novelists Marcus Clarke, Miles Franklin, Patrick White, Thomas Keneally, Morris West and Colleen McCullough, the bush poets Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson, historians Manning Clark and Geoffrey Blainey, the playwright David Williamson and leading expatriate writers Barry Humphries, Robert Hughes, Clive James and Germaine Greer.
Year 483 (CDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire 
 Illus, Byzantine general (magister officiorum), and Verina (widow of the late emperor Leo I) try to overthrow emperor Zeno.  They try to place another general named Leontius on the throne.

Europe 
 The Ostrogoths are given status as foederati. They control a large part of Macedonia and Thrace (Balkans).

By topic

Religion 
 March 10 – Pope Simplicius dies at Rome after a 15-year reign.  He is succeeded by Felix III as the 48th pope.

Births 
 Xiao Baojuan, emperor of Southern Qi (d. 501)
 Xuan Wu Di, emperor of Northern Wei (d. 515)
 Yuan Xun, crown prince of Northern Wei (d. 497)
 Zhu Yi, high official of Southern Liang (d. 549)

Deaths 
 Crimthann mac Énnai, king of Leinster (Ireland)
 March 10 – Pope Simplicius

480s
Year 874 (DCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe 
 Ingólfur Arnarson arrives as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland.  He settles in Reykjavík (probable date).
 The Danes invade Mercia.
 The territory of the Vistulans is conquered by King Svatopluk I of Great Moravia.
 November – Frost begins in Scotland and lasts until April 875.

Asia 
 The rebellion of Huang Chao in China begins, weakening the strength of the already declining Tang Dynasty.

By topic

Religion 
 March 13 – The bones of Saint Nicephorus are interred in the Church of the Apostles, Constantinople.

Births 
 Meng Zhixiang

Deaths 
 January 1 – Hasan al-Askari, 11th Shia Imam

References 

870s
Year 501 (DI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Asia 
 Qi He Di succeeds Qi Dong Hun Hou as ruler of the Chinese Southern Qi Dynasty.
 Muryeong becomes king of Baekje.

America 
 Ahkal Mo' Naab' I comes to power in the Maya city of Palenque.

Europe 
 Pope Symmachus, who people said committed crimes.  He said non-religious law did not apply to him. A synod held in 502 agreed with him.

Births 
 Empress Dowager Lou Zhaojun
 Xiao Tong (d. 531)

Deaths 
 Icel, great-grandfather of Creoda of Mercia
 Ravina II, rabbi
 Su Xiaoxiao, Chinese poetess and courtesan
 King Dongseong of Baekje, king of the Baekje Kingdom of Korea
 Xiao Baojuan, emperor of Southern Qi Dynasty, commonly known as Marquess of Donghun
 Consort Pan Yunu, Xiao Baojuan's favorite concubine

500s
515 (DXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe 
 The Revolt of Vitalian is put down by forces loyal to Byzantine emperor Anastasius I

Births 
 Hulü Guang
 Yuwen Hu

Deaths 
 Gao Zhao
 Xuan Wu Di, ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty
 Euphemius, deposed Patriarch of Constantinople

Sources 

510s
497 (CDXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Eastern Roman Empire 
 Isaurian War: the Isaurian rebels are defeated.

Europe 
 The Alemanni are defeated by the Franks under Clovis I near Bonn.

Asia 
 The Shaolin Temple is founded. For alternate founding date, see 477).

By topic

Arts and sciences 
 Aryabhata, an Indian astronomer and mathematician, calculates pi (π) as ≈ 62832/20000 = 3.1416, correct to four rounded-off decimal places.

Births 
 Abdul Mutallib, son of Hashim
 Chloderic, son of Clovis I

Deaths 
 Hashim, great-grandfather of Muhammad, (possibly in Gaza)
 Yuan Xun

490s
549 (DXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire 
 The Ostrogoths under Totila recapture Rome.
 Last Circus Maximus chariot races in Rome.
 c. 549–564 – Transfiguration of Christ, mosaic in the apse, Church of the Virgin, Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, Egypt, is made.

Europe 
 Agila succeeds Theudigisel as king of the Visigoths.
 The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory (which still exists) is founded in Ireland.
 Archbishop Maximianus of Ravenna consecrates the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe.

Asia 
 Emperor Jinwen succeeds Emperor Wu as ruler of the Liang Dynasty in China.

Births 
 Jizang, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 623)

Deaths 
 Theudigisel, king of the Visigoths
 Tuathal Maelgarb, King of Tara
 Gao Cheng
 Emperor Wu of Liang
 Xiao Zhengde
 Princess Xu Zhaopei
 Zhu Yi
 Chen Daoten father of Emperor Xuan of Chen (in either 548 or 549)

References 

540s
Year 623 (DCXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe 
 Clotaire II, king of the Franks, makes his son Dagobert I king of Austrasia.
 Samo, reputedly a Frankish merchant, is elected King of the Slavs in Moravia, Slovakia and Lower Austria.

By topic

Art 
 Tori Busshi makes "Shaka Triad", in the kon-dō, Horyu-ji. Asuka period (approximate date).

Births

Deaths 
 Jizang, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 549)
 Liu Heita
 Princess Pingyang
 Su Wei
 Xu Yuanlang
548 (DXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events 

 Emperor Justinian I removes Belisarius from military service.
 Theudigisel names himself ruler over the Visigothic Kingdom.

By place

Africa 
 Battle of the Fields of Cato - Byzantines under John Troglita crush Moorish revolt

Births 
 Xiao Zhuang

Deaths 
 June 28 – Theodora, Byzantine empress
 Carcasan, king of the Ifuraces
 Theudis king of the Visigoths
 Theodebert I, king of Austrasia (or 547)
 Chen Daoten father of Emperor_Xuan_of_Chen (in either 548 or 549

540s
547 (DXLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Africa 
 Battle of Marta - Tripolitanian Moors under Carcasan defeat Byzantines under John Troglita

Europe 
 Ida founds the kingdom of Bernicia at Bamburgh (traditional date).
 Theodebald becomes king of Austrasia (or 548).
 Emperor Justinian and His Attendants, mosaic on north wall of the apse, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, is made (approximate date).
 Empress Theodora and Her Attendants, mosaic on south wall of the apse, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, is made (approximate date).
 The Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna is dedicated by Archbishop of Ravenna Maximianus of Ravenna.

Births 
 Pei Ju
 Empress Zhu Manyue

Deaths 
 Theodebert I, king of Austrasia (or 548)
 Tribonian, Byzantine lawyer and writer of the Codex Justinianus.
 Maelgwn Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd (approximate date)
 Gao Huan
Year 875 (DCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe 
 December 29 – Charles the Bald, king of West Francia, is crowned emperor.
 The Danes capture Lindisfarne and arrive in Cambridge.
 Harald Fairhair subdues the rovers on Orkney and Shetland and adds them to his kingdom.

Asia 
 In Champa, in the central region of what is now Vietnam, King Indravarman II founds a new dynasty at Indrapura (Quang Nam).  He starts a building program featuring the Dong Duong Style of Cham art.

Africa 
 The construction of Mosque of Uqba, Kairouan, Tunisia, is ended.

Births 
 Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Nishapuri Islamic writer

Deaths 
 August 12 – Louis II, Western Emperor
 Amram Gaon, Jewish liturgist
 Abu Muslim, Persian hadith compiler

870s
Year 1004 (MIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Africa 
 Disease and famine in North Africa.

Asia 
 December – The Samanid dynasty ends in Bokhara.
 The Liao Dynasty starts a battle against the Song Dynasty. They meet near Shanyang, north of the Song capital of Kaifeng.
 Battle of Shanzhou: The Liao Dynasty general Xiao Talin is killed by a Song Chinese crossbow sniper.

Europe 
 May 14 – Henry II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Pavia. A fight between his German companions and the Pavese becomes a full-scale battle.
 Henry II starts war against Boleslav of Poland. It lasts until 1018.
 Boleslaus I of Poland loses Bohemia. He had become duke the previous year. He is succeeded as duke of Bohemia by Jaromir.
 Sancho III becomes king of Navarre, Aragon and Castille.
 Sweyn I of Denmark destroys Norwich.
 Aberdeen becomes a bishopric.
 Arabs sack Pisa.
 The troops of the vizir Al-Mansur sack the Catalan city of Manresa.
 Pope John XVIII (1004–1009).
Births 
 Abdallah ibn Al-Aftas (approximate date) (d. 1060)
 Goda of England (d. 1055)

Deaths 
 November 13 – Abbon of Fleury
 Adelaide of Aquitaine, wife of Hugh Capet
 Erik the Red (or 1003) (b. 950)
 Li Jiqian, Tangut jiedushi who ruled the new Western Xia Dynasty in northwestern China (b. 963)

References
Year 1060 (MLX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events 

 May – The Norman leader Robert Guiscard conquers Taranto.
 October – The Byzantine army defeats the Normans and enters Taranto.
 December 6 – Béla I the Champion is crowned king of Hungary.
 The New Book of Tang is completed under a team of scholars led by Ouyang Xiu.
 Chinese poet, calligrapher, and official Cai Xiang publishes his Cha Lu (Record of Tea).
 Spanish Jew Benjamin of Tudela reports that Constantinople has merchant communities from Babylon, Canaan, Egypt, Hungary, Persia, Russia, Sennar, and Spain as well as 2,000 Jews (approximate date).
 Philip I of France begins his reign.
 Upon the death of Emund the Old, he is succeeded by his son-in-law Stenkil as King of Sweden.

Births

Deaths 
 August 4 – King Henry I of France (b. 1008)
 November 14 – Count Geoffrey II of Anjou
 King Andrew I of Hungary (b. 1015)
 Emund the Old, king of Sweden since 1050
 Mei Yaochen, Chinese poet
Year 1055 (MLV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Africa 
 The Almoravids conquer Aoudaghost (present-day Mauritania).

Asia 
 December 18 – The Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad. Al-Malik al-Rahim is taken prisoner.

Europe 
 January 11 – Theodora becomes reigning empress of the Byzantine Empire.
 October 24 – Ralph the Timid is defeated by the Welsh.
 Beginning of the campaign of Ferdinand I of Castile against al-Andalus. The king conquers Seia from the Christian allies of the Muslim taifas.

By topic

Art 
 Construction on the Liaodi Pagoda in Hebei is complete. It is the tallest pagoda in Chinese history standing at a height of 84 m (275 ft) tall.

Religion 
 April 13 – Pope Victor II succeeds Pope Leo IX as the 153rd pope.
 An abbey was set up at Tihany, Hungary by András (Andrew) I. The written agreement is the earliest record in the Hungarian language.

Births
Births

Deaths 
 January 11 – Constantine IX Monomachos, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire
 May 26 – Margrave Adalbert of Austria
 Princess Goda of England

References 

1055
870 (DCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe 
 Prague Castle is founded.
 The Great Summer Army invades England.  It is led by Bagsecg.  They conquers East Anglia.
 August 8 – Treaty of Meerssen: Charles the Bald and Louis the German divide Lotharingia among themselves.
 December 31 – The Danes are defeated by a Saxon army at Englefield, Berkshire. It is the first of a series of battles between Wessex and the Danes.
 Malta is conquered by Arabs from Sicily.
 Borivoj becomes duke of Bohemia.
 Charles the Bald marries Richilde.

By topic

Religion 
 Michael II succeeds Michael I as Patriarch of Alexandria.
 The Autonomous Bulgarian Archbishopric is made.
 February 28 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople ends.

Births 
 Al-Farabi, Persian philosopher and scientist
 Zwentibold, King of Lotharingia

Deaths 
 November 20 – King Edmund of East Anglia
 al-Bukhari, Persian hadith compiler
 Al-Kindi, philosopher

870
Year 1011 (MXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe 
 June 11  the Byzantine army takes Bari from the rebellious Lombard lord Melus.
 Danes capture Canterbury, taking Alphege, the Archbishop of Canterbury as a prisoner.
 Byrhtferth of Ramsey writes his Manual, on the subject of time.
 The German king Henry II gives Adalbero, Duke of Carinthia the Carinthian duchy, including the rule over the March of Verona (or in 1012).
 Ermengol II succeeds Ermengol I as Count of Urgell
 Albert II, Count of Namur succeeds Albert I

Middle East 
 Baghdad Manifesto: Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah's fall from Ali ibn Abi Talib is disputed.
 Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), a famous Persian scientist working in Egypt, pretends to be crazy. He is kept under house arrest until 1021. During this time he begins writing his influential Book of Optics.
 In Georgia, Bagrat III takes away Sumbat III of Klarjeti power.
Eastern Asia 
 The Chinese Guangyun rime dictionary is compiled under Emperor Zhenzong of Song.
 Emperor Sanjō gets the throne of Japan.

Births 
 Eleanor of Normandy, a Norman noblewoman and the daughter of Richard II of Normandy (possible date; d. after 1071)
 Ralph the Staller, earl of East Anglia (d. 1068)
 Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1076)
 Shao Yong, Song Dynasty philosopher, cosmologist, poet and historian (d. 1077)

Deaths 
 February 23  Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz and a statesman of the Holy Roman Empire (b. c. 940)
 November 21  Emperor Reizei of Japan (b. 950)
 December 12 or December 15  Conrad I, Duke of Carinthia (b. c. 975)
 Emperor Ichijō of Japan (b. 980)
 Albert I, Count of Namur (b. c. 950)
 Armentarius, Galician bishop (b. 983)
 Sumbat III of Klarjeti, Georgian prince of the Bagratid dynasty of Tao-Klarjeti and the last sovereign of Klarjeti
 Yohannan V, Patriarch of the Church of the East

References
Maggie Grace (born Margaret Grace Denig; September 21, 1983) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Shannon Rutherford on the ABC television series Lost and Kim Mills in the Taken trilogy. She has also appeared on The Twilight Saga as "Irina". Originally from Worthington, Ohio, she went on to earn a Young Artist Award nomination in 2002 with her portrayal of 15-year-old murder victim Martha Moxley in the television movie Murder in Greenwich. In 2004, Grace was cast as Shannon Rutherford in the television series Lost, on which she was a main cast member for the first two seasons, winning a Screen Actors Guild Award shared with the ensemble cast. Leaving the series, Grace was keen to work more prominently in film, she appeared in The Jane Austen Book Club (both 2007), and opposite Liam Neeson as Kim Mills in Taken in 2008. She reprised the role in Taken 2 (2012) and Taken 3 (2015).
She also played the lead role, Alice, in Malice in Wonderland, a modern take on Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Grace reprised the role of Shannon in two more episodes of Lost, including the series finale. In 2013, she appears in the sixth season of Californication. She portrays Faith, a groupie and a muse to the stars, who captures the eye of Hank Moody played by David Duchovny.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Ohio
1983 births
Living people
was a  after Ten'en and before Tengen.  This period started in July 976 and ended in November 978.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Jōgen era
 11 June 976 (Jōgen 1, 11th day of the 5th month): The Imperial Palace was destroyed by a great fire.
 20 December 977 (Jōgen 2, 8th day of the 11th month): Fujiwara no Kanemichi dies at the age of 51.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a  after Jōgen and before Eikan.  This period started in November 978 and ended in April 983.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Tengen era
 978 (Tengen 1, 8th month): The emperor allowed the daughter of Fujiwara no Kaneie to be introduced into his household; and a son was born soon after.
 978 (Tengen 1, 10th month): Fujiwara no Yoritada was given the court office of Prime Minister (daijō-daijin). Minamoto no Masanobu was made Minister of the Left (sadaijin).  Fujiwara no Kaneie was made Minister of the Right (udaijin).

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a  after Tengen and before Kanna.  This period started in April 983  and ended in April 985.  The reigning emperors were  and  .

Events of the Eikan era
 6 October, 983 (Eikan 1, 27th day of the 8th month): In the 15th year of Emperor En'yu's reign, he abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by a nephew.  Soon after, Emperor Kazan's new role as emperor was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).
 983 (Eikan 1, 8th month): Chōnen, the Buddhist monk of the Tendai school embarked on a voyage to China accompanied by 5 or 6 desciples.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a  after Eikan and before Eien.  This period spanned the years from April 985 through April 987.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Kanna era

 986 (Kanna 2, 6th month): Kazan abdicated, and then he took up residence at Kazan-ji where he became a Buddhist monk.  The succession (senso) was received by the Crown Prince.  Soon after, Emperor Ichijō's new role as emperor was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).

Related pages
 Heian period

Referenctes

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Serge Ibaka (born 18 September 1989) is a NBA player born in Republic of the Congo and a naturalized citizen of Spain. Ibaka plays for the Milwaukee Bucks. Before that he has played for the Los Angeles Clippers,Toronto Raptors and Oklahoma City Thunder. He plays at the forward position.

Other websites 
Serge Ibaka at Basketball-Reference

References

1989 births
African sportspeople
Living people
Oklahoma City Thunder players
Orlando Magic players
Toronto Raptors players
Predrag Stojaković (, ; born 9 June 1977), known by his nickname Peja, is a Serbian retired professional basketball player. He played a career total of 13 years in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the Sacramento Kings, Indiana Pacers, New Orleans Hornets, Toronto Raptors, and Dallas Mavericks. He has also played for the Red Star Belgrade of the YUBA Liga and with PAOK of the Greek Basket League (GBL).

He is a one-time NBA Champion, winning the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy with the Mavericks in 2011.

On 19 December 2011, Stojaković announced that he was retiring from playing professional basketball. He said that ongoing back and neck problems had affected his play later in his career.

References

Other websites 
NBA profile 
Peja Stojakovic on Basketball-Reference
1977 births
Serbian basketball players
Dallas Mavericks players
Indiana Pacers players
Living people
New Orleans Hornets players
Sacramento Kings players
Toronto Raptors players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
was a  after Kanna and before Eiso.  This period started in April 987 and ended in August 988.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of Eian era
 987 (Eien 1, 10th month): The emperor visited the home of Fujiwara no Kaneie.
 987 (Eien 1, 11th month): The emperor visited Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū.
 987 (Eien 1, 12th month): The emperor visited the Kamo Shrine.
 988 (Eien 2, 11th month): The emperor visited the home of Kaneie on his 60th birthday.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Vanna White (born  Vanna Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957)  is an American actress from North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. She co-hosts the television game show Wheel of Fortune with Pat Sajak. 

White married restaurant owner George San Pietro in December 1990. They divorced in November 2002.  White has two children, a son born in 1994 and a daughter born in 1997.

References

Other websites 

American game show hosts
American movie actors
American television actors
actors from South Carolina
Living people
1957 births
People from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
was a  after Eien and before Shōryaku.  This period spanned the years from August 988 through  November 990.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of Eiso era
 989 (Eiso 1, 1st month): Emperor Ichijō made a personal visit to the home of his father, the retired Emperor En'yū.
 989 (Eiso 1, 5th month): Fujiwara no Kaneie retired; and his son, Fujiwara no Michitaka, was chosen as regent (Kampaku) in his place.
 26 July 989 (Eiso 2, 2nd day of the 7th month): Fujiwara no Kaneie died at age 62, and his home was converted into a Buddhist temple.

Related pages 
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Peter Carey may mean:

Peter Carey (Australian rules footballer), Australian rules player for Glenelg
Peter Carey (English footballer) (born 1933), English footballer
Peter Carey (historian), British historian of south-east Asia
Peter Carey (novelist), Australian novelist
Peter Carey (umpire), Australian rules umpire
"Black Peter" Carey, a fictional character in The Adventure of Black Peter, a Sherlock Holmes story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Colleen Margaretta McCullough  (; married name Robinson, previously Ion-Robinson; 1 June 193729 January 2015) was an Australian author. She was famous world-wide.

Life
McCullough was born in 1937. Her parents were James and Laurie McCullough. Her mother was a New Zealander of part-Māori descent. During her childhood, her family moved many times. She read a lot. She attended Holy Cross College.

McCullough earned a living as a teacher, librarian, and journalist. In her first year of medical studies at the University of Sydney she suffered dermatitis. She was told not to be a medical doctor. Instead, she switched to neuroscience and worked in Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney.
In 1963, McCullough moved to the United Kingdom for four years. At Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, she met the chairman of the neurology department at Yale University. He offered her a research associate job at Yale. McCullough spent ten years from April 1967 to 1976 researching and teaching in the Department of Neurology at the Yale Medical School in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. It was while at Yale that she wrote her first two books.

Because these books were successful, McCullough stopped being a doctor. In the late 1970s, she lived in London and Connecticut, USA. She finally picked Norfolk Island in the Pacific. There she met her husband, Ric Robinson (then 33 years old). They married on 13 April 1983 (she was 46 years old).

In 1984 a portrait of McCullough, painted by Wesley Walters, was a finalist in the Archibald Prize. The prize is for the "best portrait painting preferentially of some man or woman distinguished in Art, Letters, Science or Politics".
McCullough did a lot of historical research for the novels on ancient Rome.  This led to her getting a Doctor of Letters degree by Macquarie University in 1993.

McCullough was a member of the New York Academy of Sciences.  She was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She now lives in Sydney.

Some people did not like McCullough's 2008 novel The Independence of Miss Mary Bennett. She changed some of the characters in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

McCullough died on 29 January 2015 at the age of 77 on Norfolk Island from renal failure.

Writing history

Novels
 Tim (1974).  Made into a film in 1979
 The Thorn Birds (1977)
 An Indecent Obsession (1981)
 A Creed for the Third Millennium (1985)
 The Ladies of Missalonghi (1987)
 The Song of Troy (1998)
 Morgan's Run (2000)
 The Touch (2003)
 Angel Puss (2004)
 On, Off (2006)
 The Independence of Miss Mary Bennet (2008)
 "Too Many Murders" (2010)

Biography
 The Courage and the Will: The Life of Roden Cutler VC (1999)
Masters of Rome Series
 The First Man in Rome (1990)
 The Grass Crown (1991)
 Fortune's Favorites (1993)
 Caesar's Women (1996)
 Caesar (1997)
 The October Horse (2002)
 Antony and Cleopatra (2007)

Carmine Delmonico series
 On, Off (2006)
 Too Many Murders (December 2009)
 Naked Cruelty (2010)

Screen adaptations
 Tim - made into a movie in 1979 starring Mel Gibson and Piper Laurie
 The Thorn Birds - made into a TV miniseries in 1983 starring Richard Chamberlain
 An Indecent Obsession -  made into a movie in 1985 starring Gary Sweet
 The Thorn Birds: The Missing Years - made into a TV miniseries in 1996 starring Richard Chamberlain. 
 Mary & Tim - a 1996 adaptation of the novel Tim

References

Mary Jean DeMarr: Colleen McCullough: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Publishing Group 1996,   ()

1937 births
2015 deaths
Australian novelists
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Australia
Order of Australia
University of Sydney alumni
Writers from New South Wales
was a  after Eiso and before Chōtoku.  This period started in November 990  and ended in February 995.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Shōryaku era
 1 March 991 (Shōryaku 2, on the 12th day of the 2nd month):  The former Emperor En'yū died at age 33.
 992 (Shōryaku 3): Kujō Kanetoshi built a new temple complex named Shoryaku-ji.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 – 30 September 1990), was an Australian author.  He is an important English-language novelist of the 20th century. From 1935 until his death, he published 12 novels, two short-story collections and eight plays.

White's fiction uses humour, ornate prose, shifting narrative vantage points and a stream of consciousness technique. In 1973, he got the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was the only Australian citizen with the prize until the South African-born J. M. Coetzee became an Australian citizen in 2006. His novel The Vivisector was close to winning the Lost Man Booker Prize in 2010.

White was made Australian of the Year for 1974.

Patrick White and Christina Stead are widely called the most important Australian novelists of the 20th century.

Works
Works

Novels
Happy Valley (1939)
The Living and the Dead (1941)
The Aunt's Story (1948)
The Tree of Man (1955)
Voss (1957)
Riders in the Chariot (1961)
The Solid Mandala (1966)
The Vivisector (1970)
The Eye of the Storm (1973)
A Fringe of Leaves (1976)
The Twyborn Affair (1979)
Memoirs of Many in One (1986)
The Hanging Garden (2012) (Unfinished, posthumous)

Short story collections
The Burnt Ones (1964)
The Cockatoos (1974)
Three Uneasy Pieces (1987)

Plays
Bread and Butter Women (1935) Unpublished.
The School for Friends (1935) Unpublished.
Return to Abyssinia (1948) Unpublished.
The Ham Funeral (1947) prem. Union Theatre, Adelaide, 1961.
The Season at Sarsaparilla (1962)
A Cheery Soul (1963)
Night on Bald Mountain (1964)
Big Toys (1977)
Signal Driver: a Morality Play for the Times (1982)
Netherwood (1983)
Shepherd on the Rocks (1987)
Screenplay
 The Night the Prowler (1978)

Autobiography
Flaws in the Glass (1981)

References
References

1912 births
1990 deaths
Australian LGBT people
Australian Nobel Prize winners
Australian novelists
Australian playwrights
Australian autobiographers
LGBT Nobel Prize winners
LGBT writers
Writers from New South Wales
David Gordon "Slim Dusty " Kirkpatrick AO, MBE (13 June 1927 – 19 September 2003) was an Australian country music singer-songwriter and producer.  He performed for nearly 70 years. Australian poets Henry Lawson and Banjo Patterson influenced his songs.  Many of his songs were about Australian bush life or trucking. Dusty was the first Australian to have a number one hit song.  The song was "Pub With No Beer", written by Gordon Parsons. He has 37 Golden Guitar and two ARIA awards.  He is in the ARIA Hall of Fame and the Country Music Roll of Renown. At the time of his death at the age of 76, Dusty was working on his 106th album for EMI Records. In 2007 he sold more than seven million recordings in Australia.

Honours and milestones

Slim Dusty was Australia's most successful and prolific musical artist.  He had more Gold and Platinum albums than any other Australian artist. Slim Dusty was also:
The first Australian to receive a Gold Record.
 The first Australian to have an international record hit (Pub with No Beer).
 He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire and an Officer of the Order of Australia for services to entertainment.
 The first artist broadcast from space.  Astronauts played his recording of Waltzing Matilda from Space Shuttle Columbia as it passed over Australia on its maiden flight in 1981.
 The winner of a 36 Golden Guitar awards from 72 nominations at the Tamworth Country Music Festival.
 One of the earliest members of Australia's country music Roll of Renown.
 More Gold Record and Platinum Record Awards than any other Australian artist.
 In the ARIA Hall of Fame and the ARIA Special Achievement Award.
 Awarded Senior Australian of the Year 1999.

References
References

1927 births
2003 deaths
Australian country musicians
Australian guitarists
Australian singer-songwriters
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Musicians from New South Wales
Order of Australia
Record producers
was a  after Eiso and before Chōhō.  This period started in February 995 and ended in January 999.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Chōtoku era
 995 (Chōtoku 1): Fujiwara no Michinaga was given the office of Minister of the Right (udaijin).
 996 (Chōtoku 2, 7th month): Michinaga became Minister of the Left (sadaijin); and Fujiwara no Akimitsu was named udaijin.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Australian indigenous music includes the music of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.  They are all called Indigenous Australians.  It includes a variety of distinctive traditional music styles practiced by Indigenous Australian people.  It also has a range of contemporary musical styles of and fusion with European traditions. Music has formed an strong part of the social, cultural and ceremonial observances of these peoples.  This is true both in the far past and the present day. There are performance and musical instrumentation which are unique to particular regions or Indigenous Australian groups. There are some musical traditions which are common through much of the Australian continent, and even beyond. The culture of the Torres Strait Islanders is part of New Guinea.
In addition to these traditions, there has been an influence from the 18th century European colonisation.  Likewise non-indigenous artists and performers have used and sampled indigenous Australian styles and instruments in their works. Contemporary musical styles such as rock and roll, country, rap and reggae have all featured a variety of notable Indigenous Australian performers.

Traditional instruments

Didgeridoo

A didgeridoo is a type of musical instrument. It is one of the oldest instruments to date. It has a long tube, without finger holes, through which the player blows. It is sometimes fitted with a mouthpiece of beeswax. Didgeridoos are usually made of eucalyptus, but new materials such as PVC piping can be used.

Clapsticks 
A clapstick is a type of musical instrument that is in the category of percussion. Unlike drumsticks, which are generally used to strike a drum, clapsticks are for striking one stick on another.

Traditional forms
Traditional forms

Bunggul
Bunggul is a style of music that came into being around the Mann River.  It is known for its intense lyrics.  They are often stories of epic journeys.  They continue, or repeat, unaccompanied after the music has stopped.

Clan songs and songlines
A particular clan in Aboriginal culture may share songs. Songs are about clan or family history.  They are often updated to take into account popular movies and music, controversies and social relationships.

Songlines are about Dreamtime. They have oral lore and storytelling in a series of song cycles.  These songs often describe how the features of the land were made and named during the Dreamtime. By singing the songs in the right order, indigenous Australians could travel vast distances.

Death Wail
A mourning lament recorded in a number of places in central and northern Australia and among the Torres Strait Islanders.
Krill Krill
The Krill Krill song cycle is new music from east Kimberley. A man named Rover Thomas discovered the ceremony in 1974.  This was after a woman to whom he was spiritually related was killed. Thomas says he was visited by her spirit and she gave him the ceremony. In addition to the music, Thomas and others, including Hector Jandany and Queenie McKenzie, made a famous style of painting to go with the ceremony.

Kun-borrk
Kun-borrk was started around the Adelaide, Mann and Rose Rivers.  It has a didgeridoo start and then percussion and vocals. The vocal often include words.

Wangga
Wangga started near the South Alligator River.  It has a very high note to start the song.  This joined by rhythmic percussion.  It is followed by a sudden shift to a low tone.

Contemporary trends
A number of Indigenous Australians have had mainstream success, such as Jimmy Little, Yothu Yindi, Troy Cassar-Daley  and NoKTuRNL. Indigenous music has also had broad exposure through the world music movement. Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu had international success singing contemporary music in English and in the language of the Yolngu.

Torres Strait Islander musicians include Christine Anu and Seaman Dan.
Skippy the Bush Kangaroo was an Australian television series for children.  It was created by John McCallum.  It was made from 1966–1968.  The show tells the adventures of a young boy and his intelligent pet kangaroo.  It happens in the (fictional) Waratah National Park in Duffys Forest, near Sydney, New South Wales.

Ninety-one 30-minute episodes were made over the three seasons of production. At the time of first screening, Australian television was still in black and white. The show was filmed in colour to get more international sales, especially in the United States and Canada.  It aired there between 1969 and 1972. The Nine Network repeated the series several times after Australian television became colour in 1975.

The programme was played in Mexico, Cuba, Spain, Czechoslovakia, and Iran.
Cast
The main characters were:
 Ed Devereaux as Matt Hammond, the Head Ranger of Waratah National Park
 Garry Pankhurst as Sonny Hammond, Matt's younger son
 Ken James as Mark Hammond, Matt's elder son
 Tony Bonner as Jerry King, flight ranger (helicopter pilot) (exit #78)
 Liza Goddard as Clarissa 'Clancy' Merrick (entry #9 exit #75), the teenage daughter of a ranger stationed at another section of the park. When her father is moved to a park in northern New South Wales, Matt invites Clancy to stay with the Hammond family so that her music studies are not hurt by the move north.
 John Warwick as Sir Adrian Gillespie, Head of the NSW National Parks Board
 Elke Neidhardt as Dr. Anna Steiner, a German doctor and playing a support role.
 Morgan Brain as Sgt. Bernard Gillies.
 Skippy was played by at least nine different kangaroos

References
References

Australian television series
1966 television series debuts
1970 television series endings
1960s television series
1970s television series
English-language television programs
, also romanized as Tempyō, was a  after Jinki and before Tenpyō-kanpō.  This period started in August 729 and ended in April 749.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Tenpyō era
 740 (Tenpyō 12, 10th month): The forces of Fujiwara no Hirotsugu are defeated in Hizen Province on the island of Kyushu. 
 740 (Tenpyō 12): Japan's capital city is established in Kuni-kyō.
 741 (Tenpyō 13): The Emperor establishes Buddhist temples in the provinces of Japan.  Provincial monasteries were built.
 743 (Tenpyō 15): The Emperor orders creation of a huge statue of the Buddha (daibutsu) which will be part of Tōdai-ji, Nara.
 744 (Tenpyō 16): Naniwa-kyō became Japan's capital.
 745 (Tenpyō 17): The capital returns to Heijō-kyō.
 749 (Tenpyō 20, 4th month): Former-Empress Genshō died.
 749 (Tenpyō 20): After a 25-year reign, Emperor Shōmu abdicated and took vows as a Buddhist priest.  Shōmu's daughter receives the succession (senso). Soon after, Empress Kōken's role as monarch was confirmed (sokui).

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 Nara period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
720s establishments in Japan
8th-century disestablishments in Japan
748 disestablishments
729 establishments
The Groupement des écoles d'aéronautique (GEA France) (in English French aviation school network) includes three French engineering universities:

 École nationale de l'aviation civile (ÉNAC), Aix-en-Provence, Carcassonne, Castelnaudary, Toulouse, Muret, Montpellier, Grenoble, Biscarosse, Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban, Saint-Yan et Melun,
 École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique (ISAE-ENSMA), Poitiers,
 Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (ISAE), Toulouse.

The GEA is member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research.

Project 
The GEA universities have created the Institut sino-européen d'ingénierie de l'aviation of Tianjin in partnership with French aerospace companies. This is part of Franco-Chinese cooperation after an Airbus A320 assembly plant was built in Tianjin.
The university, opened in October 2007, trains Chinese students. They follow a course in aerospace engineering, taught in French. After a first year of learning the French language, they follow a master's degree course in aeronautical engineering.

Not linked with the engineering training, three Mastères Spécialisés are also taught in Tianjin:

References 

Aerospace engineering
Aviation in France
French Civil Aviation University
Engineering schools
In the Wake of the Bounty is an Australian movie directed by Charles Chauvel.  It is the first movie of Errol Flynn. It is based on the 1932 novel Mutiny on the Bounty by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall. The Australian movie was made two years before MGM's more famous Mutiny on the Bounty.

The movie mixed re-enactments with documentary.  It focused not so much on the mutiny itself as on what happened afterwards.

References

1933 drama movies
1933 adventure movies
Australian adventure movies
Australian drama movies
Movies based on books
1930s historical movies
Mutiny on the Bounty
Kokoda Front Line! was a full-length edition of the Australian newsreel.  It was produced by the Australian News & Information Bureau and Cinesound Productions Limited in 1942. It was one of four winners of the 1942 Academy award for best documentary.  It was the first Australian movie to win an Oscar. It was made by the Australian war photographer Damien Parer and directed by Ken G. Hall.

Academy Award winning movies
1942 movies
Australian movies
Documentary movies
Kenneth George Hall, AO OBE (22 February 1901 – 8 February 1994), was an Australian Movie director.  He is said to be one of the most important people in the history of the Australian cinema.

Hall began making movies in 1928.  The first movie was The Exploits of the Emden about the Battle of Cocos. Kokoda Front Line in 1942 became the first Australian movie to win an Academy Award.

In 1956, Hall became general manager for Channel Nine in Sydney.  He stayed there until 1966.

On 1 January 1972, Hall was awarded the Order of the British Empire for his services to the "Australian motion picture industry."   He got the Raymond Longford Award for "Lifetime Achievement" in 1976.