Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Saudi Arabian allies 
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) comprised Saudi Arabia as a de facto leader, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates, has been described as an important ally to Saudi Arabia in this conflict. Concerns over Iran's expansionary goals following the 1979 revolution are said to be the main drivers for the creation of the GCC in 1981 as a regional political, economic, and security alliance. It is important to note that there are numerous political and ideological differences among the GCC's members, and their positions towards Iran are not identical. Especially Qatar and Oman have pursued a strategy of maintaining positive relations, emphasizing independent trade and commercial links to Iran.
Other parties 
Although nations such as the United States, Israel and Turkey play an important role in the Middle East, they have not played a decisive role in this conflict. This is because they are concerned with the regional balance of power. Still, their interests are not as directly tied up with every detail of the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, all three nations tend to lean more towards Saudi Arabia.

Involvement in regional conflicts 
Several Middle Eastern states have been battlegrounds for the geopolitical and geo-sectarian friction between Saudi Arabia and Iran with destabilizing effects.
Iraqi Civil War
The first proxy war was set in Iraq, involving Saddam Hussein invasion of Iran in response to the 1979 Revolution and its commitment to exporting its ideology to other countries. This resulted in the eight-year eighth-year-long Iran-Iraq war, in which Saudi Arabia backed Ir, ref, When Iraqi troops invaded Saudi Arabia's ally Kuwait in 1990, however, Saudi got directly involved in the offensive against Iraq with the help of the United States. In 2003 the Americans led an invasion toppling the Iraqi government, creating a power vacuum in the region. Because Iran was concerned that they might be the next target of the Americans, it supported Shiite militias in their fight against American forces. Saudi Arabia remained more passive during the invasion, likely to avoid any complications in its relations with the United States. As the American troops withdrew from Iraq in 2011 and with the rise of Islamic State in 2014, Iran's influence in the country grew
. More recently, Iran has played a role in suppressing the Iraqi Kurdish call for independence, whereas Saudi Arabia are said to support the Kurds.
Syrian Civil War 
The Syrian civil war began as a part of the Arab uprisings in 2011, when civilians protested against the government for greater freedom and openness, to which the regime responded with great violence. While Iran and Hezbollah back the Assad regime through the provision of weaponry, military technology, and financial support, Saudi Arabia and other GCC states support the various resistance groups that actively oppose the regime.

Yemeni Civil War 
The Yemeni Civil War began in 2014, when the Houthis aligned with Iran and took control of the capital, Sana, in an attempt to take over the country. The government was sent into exile in Saudi Arabia, which formed a coalition with the UAE against the Houthis. They heavily bombarded the nation, causing many civilian deaths. In addition, the coalition-backdrops Yemeni opposition groups. Iran, which had a relationship with the Houthis before 2014, expanded their military aid to support the Houthi movement.
Bahreini Uprising 
Saudi Arabia and Iran have spent decades trying to expand their influence in Bahrain. The estimate percentage of Shia in the Bahraini population is between 60% and 70%, which concerns the neighboring Sunni countries because they fear a Shiite revolution against the government incited by Iran. Bahrain's Sunni ruling al-Khalifa family and the Sunni dynasties in the region have also accused Iran for provoking the Bahraini anti-government Uprising during the Arab Spring in February 2011. The protesters were non-sectarian and wanted greater political representation. The uprising was shut down after the Bahraini government requested help from neighboring countries. Saudi-Arabia deployed more than one thousand troops with armored support in an attempt to prevent Iranian involvement in the country but also to put a stop to democratic aspirations from spreading into the Gulf region.
nuclear programs of Iran and Saudi Arabia 
For years, Iran's and Saudi Arabia's nuclear ambitions have gained much international attention. According to the Nuclear Threat Initiative, "Although Saudi Arabia does not possess weapons of mass destruction, Saudi officials have hinted at the desirability of possessing nuclear weapons to counter the nuclear ambitions of rival regional Iran." In 2015, Iran concluded an agreement restricting its nuclear program in exchange for sanction relief. Saudi Arabia felt threatened by this deal, fearing that the easing of sanctions would allow Iran to further support Shia groups in the Middle East. In 2018, the U.S. withdrew from the deal.

References

Other websites 

Iran
Saudi Arabia
Plößberg is a municipality  in Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Tirschenreuth (district)
Pullenreuth is a municipality  in Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Tirschenreuth (district)
The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) is a Kurdish militant organization and armed guerrilla movement currently operating in Turkey founded by Abdullah Öcalan in the 1970s. Since 1984 there have been many clashes between them and the Turkish government. They once sought for an independent socialist state, now they want more autonomy and democratic confederalism. They are recognised as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, United States, and the European Union.
History
The organization can be traced back to 1972-1973 when a group of revolutionary students got together led by Abdullah Öcalan. After the military coup of 1971, many leftists groups went underground to avoid repression by the generals in the name of restoring law and order. It was established as a party in 1978 and it held its foundation congress in November of the same year. In 1980 there was another coup which resulted in the ruling of Turkish Armed Forces for three years. In 1983 a law passed to prohibit the use of the Kurdish language, and the Turkish forces committed several human rights abuses.
1984 war
In 1984 a guerrilla war between the PKK and the Turkish state started, although attacks from both sides had been performed before. It was met with a violent military reaction, and repeated clashes caused many losses and massive migrations. The following years resulted in continuous fighting and tension, leading up to the capture and imprisonment of leader Öcalan in 1999 and their admitted military defeat. This led to internal divisions in the party.

Peace talks
Since the divisions, several ceasefires have been declared and peace talks have been held. However, the conflict has not ended and recently there has been a renewed rise in violence.

Ideology
Ideology

Original ideology
The PKK started as an ideologically leftist nationalist movement which applied Marxism-Leninism thought of class struggle and national liberation to the Kurdish national context. Through their first years (1978-1986) their goal was achieving independence from Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. They also wanted to seize state power through armed revolution to establish a Kurdish socialist state.

Changes
Their ideology went through changes from 1985 until 1995. This was a period in which Öcalan made various criticisms of socialist organizations at the time, questioning the focus on state led socialism and calling for a merging of socialist ideals with democratic and pluralist ones.During this time their ideal of creating an independent state shifted and a political solution without separatism was proposed.
These changes further developed after 1999 after Öcalan was imprisoned and started reading Murray Bookchin. Since then, the PKK has shifted to an ideology of democratic confederalism with a strong focus on radical direct democracy, feminism and environmentalism. This has also led to a change in their demands as they no longer believe in the nation-state and therefore seek autonomy and the slow disappearance of borders rather than an independent state.

Tactics

Warfare
The party has used several guerrilla tactics since its existence, taking inspiration from Che Guevara’s Guerrilla Warfare. One of these was the strategic use of mountains they were familiar with, but Turkish armed forces were not. To escape from Turkish persecution, members of the PKK have also strategically crossed borders to Syria, Iraq or Iran. In the 1990s, they started using bomb attacks and shifted to positional warfare.
Politics
Along with its ideological change since the 1990s the PKK also experienced strategic transformations. They entered the field of law, electoral politics and media. Additionally, after Öcalan's arrest the PKK argued that they went into defense mode militarily without giving up their armed struggle, and put focus into constructing a civil society and electoral politics.

Recognition
Because of their use of guerrilla tactics and positional warfare, the PKK is registered as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, the European Union, NATO, and most Western governments. Yet, this definition has been contested by other countries, the PKK itself and other institutions.

References

Nationalist organizations in Asia
1970s establishments in Asia
Kurdish activists
Reuth bei Erbendorf is a municipality in Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Tirschenreuth (district)
Tirschenreuth (Northern Bavarian: Dirschnrad, Diascharad) is the capital city of the district of Tirschenreuth. It is in the northeast of Bavaria, close to the Czech-Bavarian border.

Geography
Tirschenreuth is in the north of Upper Palatinate administrative region, about 75 miles north of Regensburg and 35 miles east of Bayreuth.

Incorporations
The following villages were incorporated in Tirschenreuth
 Großklenau
 Kleinklenau
 Brunn
 Gründlbach
 Haid
 Höfen
 Hohenwald
 Kleinkonreuth
 Lengenfeld
 Lohnsitz
 Marchaney
 Matzersreuth
 Mooslohe
 Pilmersreuth a. d. Straße
 Pilmersreuth a. Wald
 Rosall
 Rothenbürg
 Sägmühle
 Wondreb
 Wondrebhammer
 Zeidlweid
 Ziegelhütte

Twin towns and cities

Tirschenreuth is twinned with:
 La Ville-du-Bois, France (2001)
 Planá, Czech Republic (2008)
 Lauf an der Pegnitz, Germany (2011)
 Santa Fe Springs, California, United States

References

Tirschenreuth (district)
Waldershof is a town in Tirschenreuth, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 22 km northwest of Tirschenreuth, and 3 km southwest of Marktredwitz.

Geography 
The 60 square kilometer City of Waldershof is bounded on the North by the City of Marktredwitz. The boundary line between the two cities is also the border for the counties of Tirschenreuth and Wunsiedel as well as the regional zones of the Upper Palatinate and Upper Franconia.

Literature 
Zeitler, Walther. (Ed.). (1988). Heimatbuch der Stadt Waldershof. Amberg, Bavaria, Germany: Vereinigte Oberpfaelzische Druckereien und Verlagsanstalt Gmbh, Translated by: Walter Swett

References

Tirschenreuth (district)
Wiesau is a municipality in Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Tirschenreuth (district)
Altenmarkt an der Alz is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Traunstein (district)
Bergen  is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Traunstein (district)
Chieming is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

Name origin 

The name Chieming, Chiemsee and the name of the area Chiemgau go back to the Old High German personal name Chiemo (7th/8th century). At the end of the 8th century the name Chiemgau appeared for the first time in documents as Chimigaoe but it stood at that time for a smaller area around the village of Chieming.

Education 
In Chieming there are

 3 kindergartens
 a primary- and middle school,
 the Gymnasium Landschulheim Schloss Ising

References 

Traunstein (district)
Engelsberg is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Traunstein (district)
Fridolfing is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Traunstein (district)
Grabenstätt is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Traunstein (district)
Grassau is a market town in Traunstein in Bavaria in Germany. It is south of lake Chiemsee in the valley of the Tiroler Ache.

Subdivisions
Grassau has the following districts of:

 Grassau
 Mietenkam
 Rottau
 Aich
 Au
 Brandstätt
 Einöde
 Fahrnpoint
 Grafing
 Guxhausen
 Hindling
 Klaus
 Kucheln
 Mauthäusl
 Nachmühl
 Nußbaum
 Obermoosbach
 Reifing
 Reit
 Strehtrumpf
 Untermoosbach
 Viehhausen
 Weiher

References

Traunstein (district)
Colonial Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,934 at the 2010 census. 

It is part of the Kingsport–Bristol (TN)–Bristol (VA) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

References

Census-designated places in Tennessee
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Sullivan County, Tennessee
Piney Flats is an unincorporated community in Sullivan County in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

It is part of the Kingsport–Bristol (TN)–Bristol (VA) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

Unincorporated communities in Tennessee
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Sullivan County, Tennessee
Northeast State Community College is a public community college based in Blountville, Tennessee.  It offers technical education in Blountville, Elizabethton, Gray, Johnson City, and Kingsport. The school has more than 6,000 students.

Degrees
Northeast State offers associate degrees in more than 130 programs of study. They can be transferred to some four-year colleges and universities. Northeast State also offers academic and technical certificates in more than a twelve areas of study.

Campuses
 Blountville (Main Campus)
 Kingsport
 Elizabethton
 Johnson City
 Bristol – closed following Fall 2017 semester
 Gray

References

Colleges and universities in Tennessee
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
The Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia.

As of a 2009 estimation, the area had a population of 305,629.

Communities

Places with more than 50,000 people living in it
Kingsport, Tennessee (principal city)
Johnson City, Tennessee (partial)

Places with 10,000 to 40,000 people living in it
Bristol, Tennessee (principal city)
Bristol, Virginia (principal city)
Bloomingdale, Tennessee (census-designated place)

Places with 1,000 to 10,000 people living in it

Places with less than 1,000 people living in it
Bulls Gap, Tennessee
Damascus, Virginia
Clinchport, Virginia
Duffield, Virginia
Dungannon, Virginia
Nickelsville, Virginia

Unincorporated places

References

Tri-Cities, Tennessee
The Sri Lankan bullfrog, Sri Lankan Kaloula, Indian painted frog, Ceylon Kaloula, Sri Lankan painted frog, common bullfrog, or painted globular frog (Uperodon taprobanicus) is a frog that lives in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.

Appearance

The adult male frog can be as large as 7.5 cm long from nose to rear end. The adult female frog is larger.  The skin on their backs is gray or black with a mark between the eyes.  On the sides, they can be red or orange with an orange mark from the eye to the front leg.  Their bellies are yellow with brown or black spots.  The adult male frog's throat turns black during mating season.

Home

This frog digs holes in the ground calls burrows, but it can climb trees too.  It can live in rice paddies and other places where humans have changed the forest into something else.

Reproduction
After a large rain, the male frogs swim in ponds.  They sing for the females while they swim.  The female frogs lay eggs that float on the water.  The tadpoles are black in color.
Food

This frog hides during the day and looks for food at night.  It eats many kinds of insects and also termites.

Tarantulas

On Rameshwaran Island near India, scientists have seen this frog live in the same burrows as Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica  tarantula spiders.  However, they are not sure whether the spiders use the frogs to protect their eggs or whether the frogs live in the burrows without harming or helping the spiders.  Scientists have seen this species of tarantula eating this species of frog.

Threats

This frog can die from the chemicals that human beings put in the environment.  These are chemicals that humans use on purpose to kill pests, make crops grow, and also pollution.

References

Frogs of Asia
The No More Movement is a global movement of Ethiopians advocating the stop of foreign interference inside of Ethiopia. The motto of the group is "Hands of Ethiopia." The movement has no central authority but has organization supporting and organizing rallies for the movement throughout countries as the United States, and Europe.

Protests 
The No More movement had protests as notable places as the White House, the Canadian Parliament, and other high foreign government officials' offices.
America 
Protests in America and specifically in Washington D.C were organized by the Peace and Unity for Ethiopian Association Washington Task Force. The protests occurred in The Washington D.C. metropolitan area, which boasts the largest population of Ethiopians in the United States. Some local experts estimate there are as many as 250,000 Ethiopian Americans here, including both immigrants and US-born descendants. Now, as fighting in Ethiopia intensifies, protesters both for and against the country's government are taking to the streets of Washington. The protests in Washington D.C and the rest of America emphasized that the U.S should have "Hands Off Ethiopia." The protest in Washington by Ethiopians had a message that the designated terrorist TPLF group should be denounced by foreign governments and not be helped in any shape or way.
Canada 
Ethiopian people living in Canda had also demonstrated in the northmost region of North America. They participated in protesting on the grounds of Manitoba's legislative grounds on Sunday carrying Ethiopian flags and signs that said "No More." The protests also carried out to protest outside the U.S consulate in Calgary, Canada. Protests also carried out through Toronto and other parts of the country.

Support by Ethiopian Government 
The movement was supported by the Ethiopian government and allowed huge contributors to the movement to be greeted and welcomed by officials at Bole International Airport.

References 

Ethiopia
The small-eared hyla, small-eared tree frog (Rheohyla miotympanum) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have seen it between 1000 and 2282 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs of North America
Ottakarathevar Panneerselvam, popularly known as OPS (born 14 January 1951) is an Indian politician who was the 6th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 2016 to 2017 and previously 2001 to 2002 and 2014 to 2015.

Living people
Tamil Nadu politicians
1951 births
Paranomus is a genus of 18 species of flowering plants, commonly known as "sceptres". They are in the protea family. It is endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa.

Flowers
Proteaceae
Queen of fist () is a 1972 Hong Kong action drama movie directed by Lung Chien and starring Hsien Chin-Chu as Kung Fu Mama, Zhang Qingqing as Ma Ai-Chen, Jimmy Wang Yu as Ma Yung-Chen, Kang Kai, Tzu Lan, Wong Fei-lung as the gang leader.

Plot 

An elderly mother travels to Shanghai to look for her missing children. She discovers that the boss Lin Hie killed his son and is holding his daughter captive.

So, she wants to kill the gang leader.

References

Other websites
 

1972 action movies
1972 drama movies
Hong Kong movies
Movies directed by Lung Chien
Unicoi is a town in Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,519 at the 2000 census and 3,632 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area. 

It is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

References

Towns in Tennessee
The pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor) is a critically endangered monkey species found in a small area of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. It was named the mascot of Manaus, Brazil in 2005.

It is a New World monkey. It is found at the city limits of Manaus, the capital of the Amazonas state of Brazil and up to 35 km to the north and 100 km to the east. The main distribution is between two rivers: Rio Cuieiras and Rio Preto da Eva. Pied tamarins are also found between Rio Preto da Eva and Rio Urubu, but are more rare there. There appears to be interspecific competition between the pied tamarin and the red-handed tamarin. The red-handed tamarin is expanding its range by taking over parts of the pied tamarin's range. There are therefore multiple threats to the long-term survival of the pied tamarin that stem from habitat destruction and from interspecific competition.
The pied tamarin is found in old-growth forests, sand forest and smaller secondary forest fragments. Their density is higher in secondary forest fragments than in primary forest.

Critically endangered species
New World monkeys
Mammals of South America
Pastel de nata is a Portuguese egg custard tart pastry made with cinnamon. Not only popular in Portugal, they are also popular in other parts of Western Europe, Asia and in former Portuguese colonies such as Brazil, Mozambique, Macau and East Timor.

History 
Pastéis de nata were created by Catholic monks at the Hieronymites Monastery in Saint Mary of Bethlehem, in Lisbon. During that time, convents and monasteries used egg-whites for starching clothes being part of their religious habits. They also used the leftover egg yolks to make cakes and sweet pastries.

After the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, people abandoned religion and closed down many convents and monasteries, the monks started selling pastéis de nata to bring in income. In 1834, the monastery was closed and the recipes sold to the sugar refinery owners. In 1837, the super refinery owners opened the Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém and made pastries.
Since the opening of Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém, the original recipe of the pastel de nata is kept as a secret. The recipe is unchanged to this day and is known by very few people. The Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém, remains the most popular place to buy pastéis de nata around Lisbon. The shop is located near the Jerónimos Monastery.  

In 2009 The Guardian listed pastéis de Belém as one of the 50 "best things to eat" in the world and has over 50,000 reviews and ratings on Tripadvisor for its iconic pastéis de nata.

In 2011, following the result of a public vote, the pastry was announced as one of Portugal's Seven Wonders of Gastronomy, it is one of the country's most popular national dishes.

Related pages 
 Torta de nata
 Egg tart

References

Sources

Other websites 

 Official website of Pastéis de Belém

Portuguese culture
Desserts
Egg dishes
Portuguese food
The porthole tree frog (Charadrahyla taeniopus) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have seen it in cloud forests 1100 to 2200 meters above sea level.

Appearance

The adult male frog is 68.8 to 75.1 mm from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 69.4 to 75.3 mm long.  They have disks on their toes for climbing and all four feet are webbed. This frog has a brown belly with large brown marks and small yellow marks.  This frog has a white or silver throat.  The adult female frogs are red-brown with brown marks on their backs.  The adult male frogs are black-brown with yellow marks on their backs.  This frog looks very much like Ecnomiohyla miotympanum but it is larger and Ecnomiohyla miotympanum is smaller.

Food

Adult frogs eat insects.  The tadpoles eat algae and dead things.

Threats
Threats

This frog is vulnerable to dying out because human beings change the places where it likes to live by building farms.  This frog needs the shade from forests or it will dry out and die.  The chemicals that human beings use to kill pests, for example DDT, can also kill this frog too.  The DDT can go into the frog's body through its skin.  Or the frog can eat other animals with DDT in their bodies.

Human beings also catch this frogs to eat or sell.

Humans

This frog lives in a town called Atzalan in Veracruz and it is on the town's official shield symbol.  It is on many of Atzalan's monuments.  People have eaten this frog for food for hundreds of years, since the Aztec culture or earlier.  People cook them in soup or make cakes called Calate cakes.

Human beings who live in Atzalan believe the frogs come on the same day of the year, September 29, that San Andrés Apóstol and the Archangel Michael were venerated.

People also catch these frogs to use in medicines or sell as pets.

References
References

Frogs of North America
Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (October 13, 1877 – August 21, 1947) was an American politician who first served as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi (1912–1916), then served 2 terms as Governor of Mississippi (1916–1920, 1928–1932), then served as a US Senator (1935–1947). A lifelong Democrat, he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with racism and white supremacy. Like many Southern Democrats during his era, he defended segregation.

He died on August 21, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was 69 years old.

1877 births
1947 deaths
Governors of Mississippi
United States senators from Mississippi
White supremacists
The Princess Switch: Romancing the Star is a 2021 Christmas romantic crime comedy film. It stars Remy Hii, Vanessa Hudgens, and Sam Palladio. It is the sequel to The Princess Switch: Switched Again. It was released on November 18, 2021.

Plot
When a priceless Christmas relic is stolen, royal look-alikes Margaret and Stacy turn to audacious doppelgänger Fiona -- and her dashing ex -- for help.

References

2021 movies
Netflix movies
Felix Reda (born 30 November 1986) is a German researcher and politician who was a Member of the European Parliament. He was part of the Greens-European Free Alliance and previously a member of the Pirate Party in Germany.

In 2019 Reda became a fellow at the Shuttleworth Foundation and an affiliate at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.

On 26 January 2022, Reda came out as a transgender man.

References 

Transgender people
Harvard University faculty
1986 births
Living people
German LGBT people
Kyle Jacob Trask (born March 6, 1998) is an American football player for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He plays the quarterback position. He played college football at the University of Florida. He was selected by the Buccaneers in the second round of the 2021 NFL Draft.

1998 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Texas
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
The 2021 NFL Draft was the 86th National Football League Draft, the yearly meeting of National Football League (NFL) teams to select players for the 2021 NFL season. The draft was held in Cleveland from April 29 to May 1, 2021.

Selections

Trades

Round one

Round two

Round three

Round four

Round five

Round six

Round seven

Notes

References

National Football League Draft
2021 in sports
William Trevor Lawrence (born October 6, 1999) is an American football player for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He plays the quarterback position. He was selected first in the 2021 NFL draft. In his first year of college, he won the 2019 National Championship Game at Clemson University.

NFL career statistics

References 

1999 births
Living people
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Sportspeople from Knoxville, Tennessee
Michael McCorkle "Mac" Jones (born September 5, 1998) is an American football player for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He plays the quarterback position. In his third year of college, he won the 2021 College Football Playoff National Championship at Alabama. He was selected fifteenth in the 2021 NFL Draft.

NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

1998 births
Living people
New England Patriots players
Sportspeople from Jacksonville, Florida
This is a list of the active National Football League teams all time win, loss, tie, and winning percentage records. The teams are listed by year each became active. Updated through Super Bowl LIII.

Notes
Penei Sewell (born October 9, 2000) is an American football player for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He plays the offensive tackle position. He played college football for the Oregon Ducks. Sewell did not play in his third year in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and entered for the 2021 NFL Draft, where he was selected seventh by the Lions.

2000 births
Living people
American Samoan people
Detroit Lions players
Amon-Ra Julian Heru J. St. Brown (born October 24, 1999) is an American football player for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He plays the wide receiver position. He played college football at USC and was selected by the Lions in the fourth round of the 2021 NFL Draft.

NFL career statistics

References 

1999 births
Living people
Detroit Lions players
Football players from California
The 2020 NFL season was the 101st season of the National Football League (NFL). The season ended with Tampa Bay defeating Kansas City in Super Bowl LV at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, on February 7, 2021.


Regular season standings

Division

Conference

Postseason

Bracket
Ondangwa, formerly Ondangua is a town in the Oshana Region of northern Namibia, bordering the Oshikoto Region. Ondangwa was first settled by the Finnish Missionary Society in 1890, which is Lutheran.

Ondangwa is located about  from the Angolan border, with 23,000 people currently living there. Most of the residents of the town speak the language of Oshindonga.

Ondangwa is the district capital of the Ondangwa Urban electoral constituency.

References

Oshana Region
Towns in Africa
1890 establishments
Mike Marriott (born 1949 in Essex) is a British singer-songwriter, folk-musician and street-artist. Marriott travels all over Europe. He mainly lives now in Belgium and Austria.  As a street artist, he plays the guitar and different harps, carrying a bass drum with a Hi-hat on his bag and different percussion instrument on his feet. In his earlier years he published at least three LPs.

References

Other websites 
 
 Mike Mariott at ReverbNation, Biography, music and videos

1949 births
Living people
Folk musicians
People from Essex
Ondangwa Urban is a constituency in the Oshana Region of northern Namibia. 23,233 people lived there in 2016 and 17,967 registered voters . The constituency office is in Ondangwa.

Politics 
Ondangwa is dominated by the South West Africa People's Organization party. These people havebeen councillors of Ondangwa Urban constituency:

 Prinse Shiimi (1992–1998)
 Ismael Uugwanga (1999–2010)
 Alfeus Abraham (2011–2013)
 Elia Irimari (2014–2020)
 Leonard Egonga (since 2020)

The 2015 regional elections was won by Elia Irimari of SWAPO with 1,518 votes, ahead of Vincent Asser of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance with 232 votes and Anna Nikanor of the Rally for Democracy and Progress with 117 votes. The SWAPO candicate also won the 2020 regional election. Leonard Negonga won with 2,921 votes over Olavi Negonga of the Independent Patriots for Change with 2,434 votes. Independent candidate Angelina Immanuel came third with 525 votes.

Related pages 
 Constituencies of Namibia

References
References 

Constituencies of Oshana Region
2013 establishments in Namibia
The Austrian women's football champions are the winners of the highest league of women's football in Austria.

List of Austrian national women's football champions
ÖDF:ÖDFU-Liga

WFV:Damenliga Ost – 1. Leistungsstufe

ÖFB: Frauen-Bundesliga 

Football in Austria
football
Football-related lists
Women's football in Austria
Inzell is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

Geography
Inzell is in a wide valley floor in the Chiemgau Alps, enclosed by the mountains of Rauschberg, Zinnkopf, Teisenberg and the range of Staufen. In the municipality, the convergence of the Großwaldbach and Falkenseebach rivers forms the Rote Traun river. Inzell is also known as the gateway to Berchtesgaden National Park due to the Zwing, a mountain passage between Inzell and Weißbach, which separates the Chiemgau from Berchtesgaden.

References

Other websites

Inzell local government

Traunstein (district)
Kienberg is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Traunstein (district)
The AeroAndina MXP-150 Kimbaya is a Colombian light aircraft was designed and produced by AeroAndina.

This aircraft is no longer in the making.

Performance 

 Maximum speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn)
 Cruise speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn)
 Stall speed: 56 km/h (35 mph, 30 kn)

Aircraft
A gay man is a homosexual man. This means a man who is sexually attracted to other men, and not to women.

Gay rights movement 

Gay men were involved in the early gay liberation (a movement of homosexuals who want to be treated equally to heterosexuals) movement. Gay liberation is the political and social movements that promote LGBT equality and rights. However, there was conflict between homosexuals and transgender people in the gay right's movement. In the 1970s some homosexual activists wanted the transgender people out of the gay's rights movement. They wanted gay liberation to be accepted by society. They believed transgender people were less accepted by society and might hurt the gay movement.

Gay men as parents 

Many gay couples want to have children of their own. In order to raise children, they sometimes adopt. However some places do not allow homosexual couples to adopt children, so many of them want to be able to adopt children.
Some gay couples also have their own biological children. To do this they may use surrogates. This is when sperm from one father is placed in a female surrogate to make a pregnancy. Some gay men do this with a friend they choose to be the donor. However many may use professional surrogate agencies. These are medical businesses that match couples who need surrogates with women who will carry the child until birth.

Law and religion 

Unlike lesbian sex between females, gay sex is against the law in many places. Some religions that say nothing about gay female sex but condemn gay sex between men. Abrahamic religions usually see all homosexual relations as immoral.

In most parts of the world gay couples cannot marry. This means they do not have the legal benefits and protection of marriage. This can cause gay men, and lesbians, many problems.

Other websites

References

LGBT variations
Ulugʻbek Qodirov (sometimes spelled Ulugʻbek Kadirov in English), ()   (born August 3, 1983) is an actor from Uzbekistan.

Early life 
Qodirov was born on August 3, 1983, in Tashkent. He graduated from the Art Institute of Uzbekistan. In 2005 he received the "Best Young Actor of the Year" award in Uzbekistan. Ulugʻbek Qodirov got famous in 2009 after starring in the Uzbek drama movie "Shabbona".

Today
Today he lives and works in the USA. One of the movies that made him popular was the 2016 movie Baron. This movie was recognized as the movie that made new history in Uzbek cinema. In addition, the movie "Traitor", dedicated to the events in Andijan in 2005, brought a great reputation to him.

Family 
 Father: Nasir Kadirov
 Mother: Farida Kadirova
 Brother: Islombek Kadirov Nasirovich
 Sister: Feruza Kadirova Nasirovna
 Sister: Aziza Kadirova Nasirovna
 Sister: Dilfuza Kadirova Nasirovna
 Wife: Azizaxon Kadirova
Children 
 Imona Kadirova Ulugbekovna April 1, 2014.
 Amirbek Kadirov Ulugbekovich  July 21, 2016.
 Zubayda Kadirova Ulugbekovna September 13, 2021

Filmography 
Below is a chronologically ordered list of films in which Ulugbek Qodirov has appeared.

Awards 
 In 2005 he received the "Best Young Actor of the Year" award in Uzbekistan.
 In 2008 he became the winner of M&TVA.

References

Other websites 
 

 Instagram
 ВКонтакте
 Facebook
Twitter
Tik Tok
Telegram

1983 births
Living people
Movie actors
Singers
The 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus (also called the 1860 Syrian Civil War) was a civil conflict in Mount Lebanon during Ottoman rule in 1860–1861 fought mainly between the local Druze and Christians. 

The violence was at the beginning of the conflict targeted at the Maronites, but other Christian groups were targeted as well, such as members of the Greek orthodox church in Damascus. Many Christian villages were destroyed in this war, along with their churches and monasteries. People were forced to abandon their homes and villages and became refugees. Also many people were killed.

Historical background 
There has been tensions and periods of conflict between the Druzes and Maronites in Mount Lebanon, even before the civil war in 1860 started.
The region in Mount Lebanon was divided in a Christian division and a Druze division with each their own governor. This all happened under Ottoman rule. The friction started to grow between the two groups, partly because of the involvement of outside powers. The British supported the Druzes and the French supported the Christians, while the Ottomans wanted to maintain its power all the way.

Peasant uprising in 1859 
The motivation for the Maronite peasant uprising was driven by economic factors and had a class-related struggle for equality.
The publication of Hatt-i humayun caused a reaction among Maronite peasants in Keserwan. It highlighted the social inequality and their low status: along with the daily abuse they endured they got inspired to demand for a stop on their feudal duties. Tanyus Shahin, a Maronite peasant leader, demanded that the feudal class would abolish its privileges. The feudal class refused. This started a revolutionary wave of Lebanese peasants preparing for an armed struggle against the Druzes. As a reaction, Druzes started to arm themselves too. This revolutionary wave eventually started to look like a civil war and ended in a massacre of the Maronite people.

1860 Druze-Maronite war
Mount Lebanon 
It is not exactly clear who the civil war started, and when it started. The Christians claimed that the Ottomans and/or the Druzes started it, whereas the Druzes claim that the Christians started it. The date of the beginning of the war is being debated. Some say that the 27th of May 1860 was the beginning, others say that it's the 29th of May. It is likely that the war started with murder and revanche killings in between families, where eventually local communities got involved. Along with the killings’, harvested crops pf Druzes were being raided by Maronites, villages were being plundered and afterwards burned down, causing many people having to flee their homes.
After only one month of violent confrontations between the two, the attacks became more and more violent, killing more and more people. The killings were mostly done at random which made them more frightening. People were already fleeing the region before the war due to the tensions running high, but after the killing of 165 people in Jezzine along with more than 1000 killings in the nearby region, many more people fled the region immediately. While they were on the run for the violence, they met violence: many people were attacked by Druzes in their attempt to flee. At the end of June 1860, there were an estimated 80,000 people on the run for the violence in Mount Lebanon, many of them went to Damascus.

Damascus 
The war started to spread from Mount Lebanon and Damascus got involved. Many people who lived in Damascus were not directly involved in the war at first, but the tensions rose in the city because of the many Christian refugees that had fled to Damascus.
The aftermath of this extreme outburst of violence was a city covered in a heavy atmosphere of devastation. The city and its inhabitants remained uptight. A letter published in July 1869 in the Daily News stated that over 7,000 to 8,000 people were killed in the Damascus massacre which also caused an enormous number of people being widowed or orphaned. Other sources even claim that an estimated 20,000 Christians were killed by the Druze in the war.

International intervention 
France wanted to put an end to the violence that was occurring and decided to send 6,000-7,000 troops to Syria. Napoleon Bonaparte had the perfect opportunity to gain Syria as a territory, while also claiming to save the Christians from the violence that they had to endure.
The Ottomans did not want France to intervene because they were afraid that it would enlarge French power in the Ottoman region. As a reaction to the coming of French troops they send Fuad Pasha to Damascus, with the intention to end the conflict before the French had arrived. Pasha ordered a mass execution of more than one hundred Druzes, in the hopes of restoring order in the region, while also pleasing Bonaparte by firmly punishing the Muslims and no Christians.
Eventually the French troops arrived in August 1860, but there were agreements made between several countries (England, Russia, France, Austria, Prussia, and Turkey) to limit the powers and the stay of the French troops, along with their own troops. There were around 12,000 foreign troops in Syria in an effort to stop the conflict. When this agreement came to an end, Bonaparte tried to extend the stay of his troops, but got threatened by England and Austria with war. In July 1861 the French troops left and Bonaparte’s plan to gain Syria as a territory failed.

References 

1860s in Asia
The Battle of Chaldiran (23 August 1514) was fought between the Ottoman Empire of Selim I and the Safavids in  the area of Chaldiran in the eastern Anatolian plateau. The Ottomans won and sp the Ottomans took eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq from the Safavids. The loss of Anatolia was a turning point for Safavid history. One feature of the battle was that the Ottomans used guns and cannons to defeat the cavalry corps. However, the Ottomans led more than twice as many troops as the Safavids, and it said that the difference in troop strength made the difference between victory and defeat. The defeat of the Safavids in the battle destroyed the myth of Islam I's supremacy and had historical significance by switching of the Kurds from belonging the Safavids to belonging to the Ottomans. Kurdish sheikhs, who had initially accepted Safavid suzerainty, recognized that the power of the Safavid dynasty had begun to wane since Ismail's defeat at Chaldiran and began to assert their independence
. Then, Selim I won the loyalty of the Ottomans by providing financial and military support to the Kurdish sheikhs.
Background 
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Muslim world was dominated by three major empires. The Ottoman Empire had conquered Constantinople and controlled the Balkans and Anatolia. The Safavid Empire had conquered a large territory under Ismail I and expanded its power in Iran by using Turkic cavalrymen known as the Qizilbash. The Mamluk Sultanate ruled the regions of Egypt, The Levant and Hejaz.

A severe threat to the Ottoman Empire was the Safavid dynasty. After the Battle of Chaldiran, the Ottomans would turn their attention to conquering the holy Islamic cities of Mecca and Medina from the Mamluk Sultanate. The Safavids would recover from this defeat and become one of the three major empires of the Islamic world with the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire, the latter of which controlled South Asia.
Safavid dynasty 
The Safavid dynasty was founded in March 1501 by Ismail I, a 15-year-old descendant of the Safavid family from Azerbaijan, Iran. The Safavids were hostile to the Ottoman Empire, which was Sunni, as their state religion was Shi'a. Furthermore, the Safavids became a threat to the Ottoman Empire because of the growing support among the Turkic nomads of eastern Anatolia.

Ismail aimed to create a Shia society, and forced conversions took place. There was a massacre of Sunnis who rebelled against the policy in the Tabriz. In addition, Ismail expanded his control by annexing Azerbaijan and large parts of Iran, Baghdad, Khorasan, and Diyarbakr.
Ottoman Empire 
When Sultan Selim ascended to the Ottoman throne in 1512, relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid dynasty changed radically. Selim I gained the position of sultan after a power struggle with his brothers. He eliminated his brothers, who were rivals for the throne, one after the other, and one of them fled to Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty. Furthermore, Selim ruled Trabzon for nearly 25 years from 1487 and was based in Trabzon to fight the Safavid invasion. That experience also contributed to Selim's conviction that the Safavid threat was the biggest problem for the Ottoman Empire. In 1514, he launched a campaign against the Safavids against Shah Ismail to conquer eastern Anatolia, including Erzurum and Erzincan.

Progress of the battle
The Ottoman army was dominated by elite janissaries and included an additional 200 cannons, 100 field guns and 8 000 camels. In contrast, the Safavid cavalry was less than half of the Ottoman army. In that battle, the Safavid cavalry of Qizilbash attacked in a mass assault, and the Ottoman Army then responded with artillery fire. Ismail I had been proposed to surprise the Ottomans before they had finished their positions, but he scoffed at that proposal and decided to wait for the enemy's positions and to attack in a straightforward manner. The battle opened with a wave of attacks by Safavid cavalry, and in the first half of the cavalry battle, the Safavids held the upper hand. However, in the second half of the battle, the battle tilted in favor of the Ottomans, who had superior firepower by mobilizing not only rifles but also artillery. In the end, the Safavid army fell to the firepower of the Ottomans, fled westward and left Tabriz in their hands.

Aftermath
Aftermath

Ottoman Empire 
Selim I was unable to capitalize on thw victory. Despite chasing the Iranians to Tabriz, he allowed Ismail to escape. Furthermore, Selim's original plan was to spend the winter in Tabriz and to fight the Safavids again in the spring. However, the soldiers were so exhausted from the previous battles that he could not get their approval. Therefore, he had to retreat and return to Istanbul.

However, the Ottomans' victories can be said to have extended their power. After annexing eastern Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia, they controlled the Central Asian trade route between Tabriz and Bursa. The following year, the empire annexed the Mamluk dynasty of Syria and Egypt and brought the Holy Land of the Hejaz under its control.
During the siege of Tabriz, the Ottoman army brought many merchants and ceramic artisans back to its own country. The artisans belonged to a pottery factory in Istanbul and were responsible for decorating the tiles on most of the buildings thaï erre constructed by the Ottoman Empire by the 1550s. That is said to have contributed significantly to the development of Iznik pottery.
Safavids 
The Safavids lost Eastern Anatolia to the Ottomans, which had been an important source of troops from the Ottoman army. Thousands of Qizilbash tribesmen were also killed. Although Ismail I himself was wounded and managed to escape after terrible hardships, he lost his prestige in Iran after he had been believed to be invincible. He lost confidence in himself and never led his troops into battle again. Tribal leaders were given authority, and the struggle for control over them became the central political issue of the Safavid dynasty and changed the balance of power within the coalition. A power struggle ensued, which lasted until the reign of his son and successor, Tahmasp I.

References 

1514
Ottoman Empire
Battles
The Arab Maghreb Union (UMA)  is a trade agreement aiming for economic and future political unity among Arab countries of the Maghreb in North Africa. It was signed by Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia in February 1989.

1989 establishments
1980s establishments in Africa