Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Alice Cunningham Fletcher was very kind and helpful despite the racial discrimination. Fletcher helped solicit donations so that she could start her education. Fletcher was a women's rights activist and made a huge impact on La Flesche.

References 

Native American people
Early life 
Yun Suk-nam is from Manchuria. She was the third child out of six. Yun Beknam was her father. Won Jeungsook was her mother. Yun Beknam founded the first Western theater in Korea. He was a movie director, producer, newspaper writer and historical novelist. Her father died in 1954. Her mother became a street vendor to support the family. They moved back to Korea after the Japanese occupation ended.

Life Before Art 
Yun worked at Korean Electrical Company for four years. She went to Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul. She studied English literature. Yun had to drop out after two years (1959-1962) because her family didn't have enough money. She then married and had children.

Career 
Yun was questioning her self-identity. She was only a mother and a wife. She became an artist at forty years old. She moved to New York City to learn about printmaking and drawing at the Pratt Institute Graphic Center. She joined the Pratt and the Arts League in the early 1980s.
Yun Suknam admires her mother for being strong and independent. Yun learned that being poor isn't something to be ashamed about. The subject of her first paintings was her mother. It was her mother’s determination and sacrifice that let them overcome poverty. Yun paints women fighters who fought for independence from Japanese occupation. She started using chaesaekwa in 2011, when she was around 70. She saw a self-portrait of a Joseon time period painter, Yun Duseo and was inspired. Jeong Jeonghwa was an independence activist who she painted. Yun depicted women who were not known, but did substantial actions. Yun focuses on the subject’s eyes. She makes them strong, fierce, and staring at the audience. She says this gives them life.

References 

Living people
1939 births
South Korean people
Korean feminists
Painters
Rebecca Meyers (born November 20, 1994) is a Paralympic swimmer. She is blind and deaf. She has seven world records. Meyers swam in the Paralympics three  times. She has also gotten many awards.

Early life 
Meyers was born on November 20, 1994. She has Usher Syndrome.

Meyers started swimming in 2000. She was six when she started swimming.

Meyers went to Franklin & Marshall College. She studied world history.

Events and awards 
Meyers' best swimming events are 50, 100, and 400 meter freestyle. She also swims the 100 meter Butterfly. Meyers also swims the 200 meter IM (Intermediate Medley) and the 100 meter breaststroke.

Meyers been to the Paralympics three times. She has gone to world championships in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. She has 10 world championship medals. She has gotten 6 gold, 3 silver, and 3 bronze medals from the Paralympics.

Meyers got the Swimming Trischa L. Zorn award in 2016, 2018, and 2019. She received the ESPY award in 2015 and 2017. Meyers also got the USADSF award.

References
References

Living people
1994 births
American Paralympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Baltimore
Paralympic silver medalists
Paralympic bronze medalists
Blind people
Deaf people
Marly Gallardo is an Ecuadorian illustrator. She creates digital art for organizations like The New York Times, the United Nations, Apple, and others. Her art is magical realism. She was a 2020 Forbes 30 under 30: Art and Style award winner.

Early life 
Gallardo was born in Ecuador. Her family came to the United States. They lived in Jersey City.  Her parents spoke Spanish at home. They wanted her to remember Spanish. Gallardo saw art as a bridge between English and Spanish. Whenever she forgot a word she used art to communicate.  

Gallardo spent her childhood in her parent's restaurant. There were many drawings and paintings there. Before she could write her grandmother would say what groceries they needed. Gallardo would draw a list. She later went on to art school. At first she was a painter. She could not afford expensive paints. Then she started experimenting with Adobe Illustrator. She became a digital illustrator. She received a bachelor degree in fine arts from the Rhode Island School of Design.
Career 
Gallardo has done illustration work for The New York Times, the United Nations, Microsoft, Adobe, Apple and Netflix, and other organizations. She teaches at the Rhode Island School of Design.

Her art style is magical realism.  She likes the Latin American influence. Her work includes ideas from folklore and Ecuadoran crafts. She draws a picture with a pencil on paper. Then she uses Adobe Illustrator to continue making the picture.

Awards 
2020 

 Forbes 30 Under 30: Art & Style

2019 

 American Illustration - American Photography: Latin American Ilustración 8

2018

 American Illustration - American Photography: Latin American Ilustración 7
 Epson’s Latin American Ilustración: Los Diez recipient
 3x3 Illustration Annual No.15

2017 

 American Illustration - American Photography: Latin American Ilustración 6

2016
2016 

 American Illustration - American Photography: Latin American Ilustración 5
 Epson’s Latin American Ilustración: Los Diez recipient
 American Illustration - American Photography: AI35
 3x3 Illustration Annual No.13

References

Living people
Crystal Wahpepah is an indigenous American chef. She was the first indigenous chef on the cooking program Chopped. Wahpepah has a Native American woman owned catering business. She opened her own restaurant with to reclaim Native American cuisine. She received the Indigenous Artist Activist Award.
 
Wahpepah was born and raised in Oakland, California. She is a member of the Kickapoo, Sac, and Fox tribes from Oklahoma. As a child, she cooked with her older relatives.

Career 
Wahpepah loves cooking. She attended the Le Cordon Bleu cooking school. She studied French cooking. In 2010, she got a place at a program that helps women of color start food-related businesses.

She opened a catering business. Large companies like Google and Facebook have hired her to cook. Even though the San Francisco Bay Area had many kinds of chefs, there were no indigenous food restaurants. She traveled around the United States and learned more about Native farming and cooking. Eventually she opened her own restaurant.

References
References

Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century births
Living people
Native American people
American chefs
People from Oakland, California
Neuf-Berquin (; from ) is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,248 people lived in the commune.

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Zuytpeene is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 516 people lived there.

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Raphael Hofer (born 14 February 2003) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Liefering. He also played for the U19 of FC Salzburg in the UEFA Youth League 2021-22.

Career
He started his career with SV Mauerkirchen and then with SV Ried. In 2016 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg. He played for the Red Bull Academy in all three stages. In 2021 he went on to FC Liefering. He played his first match for Liefering in July 2021 where got subbed on for Forson Amankwah in the 89th minute. For the 2023/24 season he was loaned to FC Blau-Weiß Linz.

References

2003 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of FC Liefering
Association football forwards
Austrian football forwards
Naves () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 633 people lived there.

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Nijinsky is a 1980 American biographical drama movie directed by Herbert Ross and starring Alan Bates, Leslie Browne, George de la Peña, Carla Fracci, Ronald Pickup, Ronald Lacey, Vernon Dobtcheff, Frederick Jaeger, Jeremy Irons, Siân Phillips. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites

1980 drama movies
1980s biographical movies
1980s LGBT movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Herbert Ross
Hanger Lane is a major road in Ealing, London. Most of the road forms the most west part of the A406 North Circular Road. Hanger Lane runs north from the A4020 Uxbridge Road at Ealing Common to the A40 Western Avenue at the Hanger Lane gyratory. This busy junction has the Hanger Lane Underground station in the middle of it. That station serves the Central line. Hanger Lane continues north along the A4005 to Vicar's Bridge and the border with Alperton in the London Borough of Brent.

The road takes its name from Hanger Hill, which is also the name of the area around it. The name comes from the Old English word hangra, meaning a wooded slope.

References 

Roads in London
Child's Play is a 1972 American mystery drama movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the 1970 play of the same name by Robert Marasco. It stars James Mason, Robert Preston, Beau Bridges, David Rounds, Kate Harrington, Tom Leopold, Christopher Man, Paul O'Keefe and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites
 
 

1972 drama movies
1972 mystery movies
American mystery movies
1970s American drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies set in schools
Movies directed by Sidney Lumet
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in New York City
On 9 December 2021, a traffic collision occurred in Chiapas, southern Mexico. A truck which contained about 180 migrants - most of whom were Guatemalans - was being driven to the United States. It crashed into a bridge, killing at least 54 of its occupants.

References

2021 disasters in North America
2020s in Mexico
Truck crash
2020s crimes in North America
December 2021 events
Disasters in Mexico
Manslaughter
Organized crime
Spatalla confusa is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Spatalla and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape where it occurs in the Cederberg up to the Hottentots Holland Mountains, Swartberg and Kammanassie Mountains.

References
The pop-eyed spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla lacertosa) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have only seen it in two places, both in the Sierra Madre mountains in Chiapas. They saw it 1000 to 2134 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs of North America
MegaRace 3 is a 2002 racing/vehicular combat video game Cryo Interactive made for Windows and the PlayStation 2. MegaRace 3 is the third MegaRace game, after MegaRace and MegaRace 2, and the first one with full 3D graphics. Christian Erickson plays Lance Boyle, the host.

Microïds, Cryo Interactive's owner, released the game again on GOG.com on 2 June 2009.

Reception

References

Other websites 
  at Microïds (PC) (archived from the original) 
 

2002 video games
Racing video games
Windows games
PlayStation 2 games
A severe weather and tornado outbreak happened between December 10 and 11, 2021. In the outbreak, there were 71 tornadoes involved, along with severe thunderstorms traveled across the U.S. states of Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Illinois and Tennessee.

Across Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee and Illinois, the tornado sequence  carved a path of 166 miles. It was the longest tornado since 1925 Tri-State tornado. The starting report on several tornadoes is that they were EF4. 

89 people were confirmed killed by the outbreak. The Governor of Kentucky (at that time) stated that beyond seventy people might have been killed in the state alone.

References

2021 disasters in the United States
December 2021 events
Natural disasters in the United States
December 10–11, 2021
Outbreak of December 10–11, 2021
A strong tornado struck Vicksburg, Mississippi and areas nearby during the evening of December 5, 1953. The storm ran through the city at right after 5:30 pm that Saturday evening. The event killed 38 people. It was then the fourth deadliest tornado in the history of the state. It also injured almost 270. Damage totaled $25 million at the time.

The tornado that went through Vicksburg was estimated officially as an F5. That rating, however, is questionable. That's because the property destroyed was frail and weak. Some people call this tornado likely an F4 instead of an F5.

References

Tornadoes in the United States
Natural disasters in the United States
1950s in weather
20th century in Mississippi
1950s in the United States
John Comyn III (1274-1306) was a Scottish noble killed in 1306 by Robert the Bruce as Comyn was a rival for the throne.

Murder 
On 10 February 1306 at Greyfriars in Dumfries, Scotland. Comyn was murdered by Robert the Bruce and Roger de Kirkpatrick, due to Comyn claiming the throne due to his claim that he is descended from a previous Scottish king, Donald III (r. 1093-1094, 1094-1097).

References 

1270s births
1300s deaths
Selbitz is a town in Hof, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 12 km west of Hof.

References

Hof (district)
Sparneck is a municipality in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography 
The market town of Sparneck is at an average height of  in the Pfarrbach valley, which makes the larger part of the area. The Saxon Saale river flows through this valley in a north direction. Towards the east the  877 metre high Waldstein ridge rises, the source of the Saale is on its slopes. It forms the natural boundary with the neighbouring district of Wunsiedel.

References

Hof (district)
Stammbach is a market town and municipality in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Hof (district)
Töpen is a municipality  in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites

Hof (district)
Trogen is a municipality in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

Geography
Trogen is in between hills in a valley.
The Town is about six kilometers northeast of the county seat Hof (Saale) on the Bundesautobahn 72 (junction 3 Hof / Töpen), and  Bundesautobahn 93 (junction 2 Hof-East) and the federal highway B173. 
The community is in the Bavarian part of Vogtland. It is part of the district of Hof and thus also of the administrative region of Upper Franconia (Oberfranken). 
The neighboring village Feilitzsch is only a few hundred meters away from Trogen.

References

Hof (district)
Arizona Bushwhackers is a 1968 American western movie directed by Lesley Selander and starring Howard Keel, Yvonne De Carlo, John Ireland, Scott Brady, Marilyn Maxwell, Montie Montana. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites

1968 movies
1960s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies directed by Lesley Selander
Paramount Pictures movies
King Fib (c. 822 BCE - c. 691 BCE) was King of Fib, allegedly for 24 years, from 715 BCE until 691 BCE

Fictional royalty
Round and round the garden is a nursery rhyme for infants and toddlers. Usualy it is accompanied by fingerplay, such as touching and tickling.

Rhyme
The version given by The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes is:

This rhyme is probably fairly recent.

Origins
The rhyme was first collected in Britain in the late 1940s. Since teddy bears were not common before  the twentieth century it is likely fairly recent in its current form.  Iona and Peter Opie suggest that it is probably a version of an older rhyme, "Round about there":

References

Nursery rhymes
Batticaloa may refer to:

 Batticaloa, a city in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
 Batticaloa District, a district in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
The Alta Verapaz spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla teuchestes) is a frog that lives in Guatemala.  Scientists have only seen it in one place.  It was in the Sierra de Xucaneb in eastern Guatemala at 1000 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs of North America
Cinderella effect is the name for a phenomenon found in psychology: Child abuse and mistreatment is more common in families with stepparents. 

It is named after the fairy tale Cinderella, where a girl gets mistreated by her stepsisters and stepmother. Psychologists think this shows a bias towards kin. A person has fewer incentives to invest in a child that is not his or her direct offspring. 

P.D. Scott first used the term Cinderella effect, in a study he did in 1973: He studied 29 cases of babies who were  beaten to death in anger; he found that in 15 cases, the baby's stepfather was the killer.

References

Books 
 

Child abuse
bestgore.com was a Canadian shock site owned by Slovak-Canadian Mark Marek, the website was founded in 2008 and went defunct in 2020.

The site received media attention in 2012 for a video depicting the murder of Jun Lin committed by Luka Magnotta. As a result, the owner Marek was arrested and charged.

Shock sites
2008 establishments in Canada
2020 disestablishments
Clara Cannucciari (née Bonfanti; August 18, 1915 – November 29, 2013) hosted the web series Great Depression Cooking with Clara and wrote the book Clara's Kitchen.

Life
Clara was born in Melrose Park, Illinois on August 18, 1915 to Giuseppe and Giuseppina Bonfanti, who recently moved from Sicily. The family had a bad life during the Great Depression, but ended up safe and healthy because Giuseppina made their meals last longer.

In 2007, her grandson Christopher started making the web series Great Depression Cooking with Clara, in which she made those meals. She retired shortly after her 96th birthday. Their last video, Fried Fish, was posted on April 18, 2019. On March 25, 2020, Christopher said he would start uploading more videos of Clara.

Death
Clara died on November 29, 2013 at 98 years old. Her daughter-in-law, four grandchildren and three great-grandchildren were still alive.

References

Other websites
Great Depression Cooking with Clara's official website

Christopher Cannucciari's official website
1915 births
2013 deaths
American chefs
American YouTubers
Writers from Illinois
Holy family (also known as Sacra famiglia) is a 20th-century painted in oil by the Italian painter Giuseppe Amisani. He painted it in 1910. It is part of the collection at the beginning of the Carrara Academy and then acquired of the Museum of Galleria d'arte moderna e contemporanea (Bergamo) in Bergamo, Italy.

Related pages 
 Giuseppe Amisani

References

Other websites 
 Sacra famiglia, Giuseppe Amisani, Beni culturali, inv.n. 0302024712
 Sacra famiglia, Giuseppe Amisani, Beni culturali

1910s paintings
Paintings by Giuseppe Amisani
The Model of Villa Cedri (also known as La Modella di Villa Cedri) is a 20th-century painted in oil by the italian painter Giuseppe Amisani. He painted it in 1920. It is part of the collection of the Museum of Civic Museum of Villa Cedri in Bellinzona, Swiss.

Related pages 
 Giuseppe Amisani

References

Other websites 
 Giuseppe Amisani, La Modella, Museo Civico di Villa Cedri, Swiss

1920s paintings
Swiss culture
Paintings by Giuseppe Amisani
Pussy could mean:
 Cat, a feline animal
 Vagina, a female body part
 Vulva, a female body part

English profanity
A city block is a block of houses, in a built up area. Usually, it is delimited by roads, pathways, or by geographical features, such as a railway line or a river. It consists of several land lots which are directly next to each other, and usually privately owned. 

A city block is a typical form of inner-city design. Commonly, multi-storey apartment buildings, semi-detatched houses, office blocks, or mixed-use houses make up the elements of a city block. As all the houses touch each other, this is known as a closed form.

In the suburbs, there is more space, and the buildings don't usually touch each other. This is known as an open form.

In Europe, cities have grown over centuries, and their layout is different from that of a planned city. As a result, the city block in a planned city also looks different.
The design of city blocks started with the emergence of cities, in the Middle Ages. Medieval Hanseatic cities already used city blocks. The design can also be found in baroque inner cities, such as the Dutch Quarter in Potsdam. It is typical of absolutist urban development and the tenement districts of major German cities that were built after 1870 during the Wilhelminian era. In response to the housing shortage of the 1920s, housing associations built apartment blocks with large courtyards and small apartments. At the same time, however, city planners were also looking for alternatives to the perimeter block development that was common at the time. What they did was build blocks perpendicular to the road; they would then build footpaths as access. This has the benefit that all apartments get the same amount of sunshine. It has the drawback, that larger arrangements look monontonus
.This kind of city planning was widespread during the reconstruction of Germany after the Second World War, in the 1950s and 1960s. Another benefit of this model is that neighborhoods have a better airflow.
During the Middle Ages, city blocks were often simply chaining buildings, in an unplanned way.

Even in antiquity , there were planned cities. Examples of this are the city of Miletus, or the model of a Roman city, which both used a regular grid layout. During the Baroque era, citty planning was common: Cities were planned with big geometric layouts, later they were divided into different land lots, before being built.

City blocks are also used for collecting statistical data on the population structure . When visualizing 3D city models, people oftenuse  simplified solid bodies that are supposed to correspond to the real building blocks.

Urban design
The Acrolite is a series of Canadian amateur-build aircraft. preduced by Acrolite aircraft. Its first flight was in October of 1986.

Variants
Acrolite 1A
 Single-seat biplane for the Canadian basic ultralight category, first flown in October 1986. Plans no longer available. The prototype was originally powered by a 38 hp (28 kW) Kawasaki 440 and later by a 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447 two-strokes powerplant.
 Acrolite 1B
 Single-seat biplane for sportsman aerobatics. In addition to the standard wooden wing, optional 2024-T3 aluminium sheet wings can be built. The recommended engine is the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL, although the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582or the 120 hp (89 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes can be used as well.
 Acrolite 1C
 Single-seat biplane for sportsman aerobatics, with performance improvements over the 1B. Engines include 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582, 74 hp (55 kW), Hirth F30 120 hp (89 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes and the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL, the 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant.
 Acrolite 1M
Acrolite 1M
 Single-seat high-wing, strut-braced monoplane. Engines include 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447, 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 and the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 two-strokes or other similar powerplants. Acrolight Aircraft reports that no prototype has been completed or flown by September 2012.
 Acrolite 1T
 Single-seat triplane for sportsman aerobatics, with wings covered with epoxy fiberglass sheet or optionally plywood. Ailerons are only fitted to the middle wing. Engines include 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447, 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 and the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 two-stroke powerplants.
 Acrolite 2M
Acrolite 2M
 Two seats in tandem, high-wing strut-braced monoplane intended for the Canadian advanced ultralight category and American light-sport aircraft category, first flown in June 1994. Engines include 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582, 74 hp (55 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes and the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL and 85 hp (63 kW) Jabiru 2200 four-stroke powerplants. As of August 2012, the design does not appear on the Federal Aviation Administration's list of approved special light-sport aircraft or on Transport Canada's list of advanced ultralights.
The Poeciliidae are a family of fish of the order Cyprinodontiformes, the tooth-carps.  They live in fresh water.  Many live-bearing aquarium fish, such as the guppy, molly, platy, and swordtail are in Poeciliidae. These fish are from the United States to north of Río de la Plata, Argentina, and Africa, including Madagascar. Human beings took these fish to many other parts of the world and set them free there, so they have become invasive species.  Today, poeciliid fish live in all tropical and subtropical parts of planet Earth. People have seen fish in the genuses Poecilia and Gambusia in hot spring pools as far north as Banff, Alberta in Canada.

Live-bearing 
Although all fish in Poeciliidae are called "live bearers" (viviparous), some species do lay eggs with external fertilization.  All African fish in Poeciliidae lay eggs.  Almost all the American Poeciliidae bear live young (except for fish in the genus Tomeurus).
Poeciliidae has three subfamilies. The fish in subfamily Aplocheilichthyinae live only in Africa. Most Poeciliinae live in the Americas (except for Rhexipanchax, which lives in Africa). Most fish in Procatopodinae live in Africa (Fluviphylax and Pseudopoecilia live in South America). Scientists say this means the ancestors of Poeciliidae fish the split between Africa and South America 100 million years ago, and that fish that went to South America evolved to bear live young after they got there. Poeciliids came to North America through the Antilles.  They were able to do this because the Antilles and North America were connected 44 million years ago. Poeciliids then moved to Central America by the Aves land bridge on the Caribbean Plate. When South America connected to Central America three million years ago, some of the fish moved further south, but South American species did not move north into Central America.
Fish in the genus Poeciliopsis, for example, have many different adaptations. Poeciliopsis monacha, P. lucida, and P. prolifica are part of the same group in that genus. However, they have three different ways of helping baby fish: P. monacha is lecithotrophic because it does not give its babies any resources after fertilization.  The mother fish swims around with her eggs in a sac but that is all. P. lucida shows a middle level of matrotrophy. This means that the eggs's metabolism can change the mother's metabolism, so some food chemicals go back and forth. P. prolifica is very matrotrophic.  The mother fish gives the eggs almost all of the food chemicals they need after fertilization. This level of matrotrophy allows Poeciliopsis to carry several groups of eggs that were start at different times.  This is called superfetation.
Because the mother fish only has so much space in her body for developing embryos, viviparity reduces brood size. Superfetation can compensate for this loss by keeping embryos at various stages and sizes during development.

P. elongata, P. turneri, and P. presidionis form an outgroup to the P. monacha, P.lucida, and P. prolifica group. These three fish are very matrotrophic. In 1947, C. L. Turner said the follicular cells of P. turneri were "pseudo-placenta, pseudo-chorion, and pseudo-allantois." The greater degree of matrotrophy in a species is linked with a higher degree of placentation, including "a thicker maternal follicle, higher degree of vascularization, and greater number of villi in the placenta."
Scientists argue about why Poeciliid fish developed to give their young eggs food chemicals inside their bodies.  There are two groups of ideas, adaptive hypotheses and conflict hypotheses. Adaptive ideas, including the locomotor hypothesis, Trexler-DeAngelis Model (reproductive allotment), and life-history facilitation, say that the fish's placenta evolved to help another advantage to evolve. The conflict hypothesis says the placenta is a nonadaptive byproduct of genetic tug-of-war between the mother and the eggs.

Subfamilies and tribes
The family has the following subfamilies and tribes:
Subfamily Aplocheilichythinae Myers, 1928 (Banded lampeyes)
Genus Aplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1863
 Subfamily Procatopodinae Fowler, 1916 (Lampeyes)
 Tribe Fluviphylacini Roberts, 1970
 Genus Fluviphylax Whitley, 1920
 Tribe Procatopodini Fowler, 1916
 Genus Laciris Huber, 1981
 Genus Micropanchax Myers, 1924
 Genus Lacustricola Myers, 1924 
 Genus Poropanchax Clausen, 1967
 Genus Platypanchax Ahl, 1928
 Genus Lamprichthys Regan 1911
 Genus Pantanodon Myers, 1955
 Genus Hypsopanchax Myers, 1924
 Genus Procatopus Boulenger, 1904
 Genus Plataplochilus Ahl, 1928
 Genus Rhexipanchax Huber, 1999
 Subfamily Poeciliinae Bonaparte, 1831 (Livebearers)
 Tribe Alfarini Hubbs, 1924
Genus Alfaro Meek, 1912
 Tribe Gambusini Gill, 1889
Genus Belonesox Kner, 1860
Genus Brachyrhaphis Regan, 1913
Genus Gambusia Poey, 1854
Genus Heterophallus Regan, 1914
 Tribe Heterandriini Hubbs, 1924
Genus Heterandria Agassiz, 1853
Genus Neoheterandria Henn 1916
Genus Poeciliopsis Regan 1913
Genus Priapichthys Regan 1913
Genus Pseudopoecilia Regan 1913
Genus Xenophallus Hubbs, 1924 
 Tribe Poeciliini Bonaparte, 1831 
 Genus Limia Poey, 1854
 Genus Micropoecilia Hubbs, 1926
 Genus Pamphorichthys Regan, 1913
 Genus Phallichthys Hubbs, 1924
 Genus Poecilia Bloch & Schneider, 1801
 Genus Xiphophorus Heckel, 1848
 Tribe Cnesterodontini Hubbs, 1924
 Genus Cnesterodon Garman, 1895
 Genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907
 Genus Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907
 Genus Phallotorynus Henn, 1916
 Genus Tomeurus Eigenmann, 1909
 Tribe Scolichthyini Rosen, 1967
 Genus Scolichthys Rosen, 1967
 Tribe Xenodexini Hubbs, 1950
Genus Xenodexia Hubbs, 1950
References 
 
 

Cyprinodontiformes
David Stewart (1378-1402) was a Scottish politician who made himself unpopular in the late 1390s, and was imprisoned in Falkland Palace in early 1402 and died that year under mysterious circumstances.

1378 births
1402 deaths
The Ferengi are a fictional group of space people on Star Trek.  They first appeared in Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1987.  They are also in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Enterprise.

Appearance

The Ferengi are shorter than humans.  They have bald heads, large ears and small teeth.  They have noses with deep ridges in them.  Most Ferengi are played by short actors in heavy makeup.

Many male Ferengi characters wear colorful clothes and some have hats that cover the backs of their heads but not the tops of their heads.

Culture

The Ferengi have a very Capitalist culture.  Ferengi think greed is good.  In the Ferengi culture, men are supposed to gain wealth. There is a saying: "A Ferengi without profit is no Ferengi at all." Money, payment, and contracts are a big part of life.  For example, a guest in a house can be charged admission.
The Ferengi home planet is called Ferenginar.  The capital city has a Tower of Commerce that holds the leader's office.  The leader of the Ferengi is called the Grand Nagus.  The Ferengi call themselves "The Ferengi Alliance," not "Empire" or "Federation."

Ferengi culture is very male-dominated.  Women are not supposed to wear clothes or appear in public.  During the Deep Space Nine run, a Ferengi feminist named Ishka becomes the Grand Nagus's chief financial advisor.  She helps Ferengi women gain more rights.

In the Deep Space Nine episode "Little Green Men," three characters talk about the Ferengi afterlife.  It has reincarnation.  Ferengi believe that if they have lived well, they will bid on new lives, like in an auction.  If they have lived badly, they will go to the Vault of Eternal Destitution.
Rules of Acquisition
Ferengi characters on Star Trek often say the Rules of Acquisition.  They are similar to proverbs.  They are about how to get (acquire) wealth.  Some of the Rules are "War is good for business," "Peace is good for business," "Never have sex with the boss' sister," and "Greed is eternal." There are 285 Rules of Acquisition.

Origin

The word "Ferengi" comes from the Persian word for "foreigner," usually a Westerner.  The Star Trek writers wanted a race of people they could use to tell stories about capitalism and 20th and 21st century Western culture.

The first idea for the Ferengi was that they would be the main enemy aliens in Star Trek: The Next Generation, but they were not scary enough.  After that, the writers used the Ferengi for comic relief, to tell the funny parts of their stories.

Criticism

Some critics have said the Ferengi are too much like stereotypes of Jews.

Important characters
There are five very important Ferengi characters in Star Trek, and all of them appear in Deep Space Nine:

Quark runs a bar on the Deep Space Nine space station.  Actor Armin Shimerman played Quark.
Rom is Quark's brother.  He is not good at getting wealth, so other Ferengi think he is a failure. Actor Max Grodénchik played Rom.
Nog is Rom's son.  He decides to join Starfleet because he knows he is not good at business. Actor Aron Eisenberg played Nog.
Grand Nagus Zek was played by Wallace Shawn.
Ishka is Quark and Rom's mother.  She was played by more than one actor during the show.
Liquidator Brunt, an agent of the Ferengi Alliance government who hates Quark.
Gala, Quark and Rom's cousin who sells weapons.

References

Fictional races
Star Trek
This is a list of feature length movies were based on of the Tom and Jerry franchise, a comedy movie franchise based on the short series of the same name. All of the movies were ongoing produced for 1-18 to upcoming related of future direct-to-video entries since 1992.

Warner Bros. movies

Movies

Tom and Jerry: The Movie

Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring

Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars

Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry

Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers

Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale

Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes 
In this movie, Tom and Jerry work together with Sherlock Holmes to stop Professor Moriarty from stealing the Crown Jewels during a Solar Eclipse.
Voice cast
 Billy West and Joe Alaskey (Archive audio; Uncredited) - Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse
 Michael York as Sherlock Holmes
 Malcolm McDowell as Professor Moriarty
 John Rhys-Davies as Dr. Watson
 Grey DeLisle as Red
 Kath Soucie as Tuffy
 Jeff Bergman as Butch and Droopy
 Phil LaMarr as Spike and Policeman
 Greg Ellis as Tin and Sergeant
 Jess Harnell as Pan and Brett Jeremy
 Richard McGonagle as Alley and First Policeman
 Tom Kenny as various characters

Tom and Jerry and The Wizard of Oz

Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse

Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure

Tom and Jerry: The Lost Dragon

Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest
Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz 
Voice cast
 Grey Griffin as Dorothy Gale
 Jason Alexander as Nome King (Mr. Bibb)
 Amy Pemberton as Dorothy's singing voice and The Mouse Queen
 Joe Alaskey as The Wizard of Oz, Butch, Droopy
 Michael Gough as Scarecrow (Hunk)
 Rob Paulsen as Tin Man (Hickory)
 Todd Stashwick as Cowardly Lion (Zeke)
 Frances Conroy as Aunt Em and Glinda
 Laraine Newman as The Wicked Witch of the West. Appeared in the stock footage.
 Stephen Root as Uncle Henry
 Kath Soucie as Tuffy the Munchkin Mouse, Tractor
 Andrea Martin as Hungry Tiger
 James Monroe Iglehart as Jitterbug (Calvin Carney)
 Spike Brandt as Tom Cat, Jerry Mouse (uncredited), Spike

Reception
Renee Schonfeld of Common Sense Media rated it 3 out of 5 stars, saying "By blending solid new musical numbers with the old Oz favorites and including inventive new characters, Spike Brandt, Tony Cerone, and company have made this sequel funny and original."

Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory

Tom and Jerry (2021 movie)
Tom and Jerry: Cowboy Up! 
Tom and Jerry: Cowboy Up! is an upcoming 2022 animated direct-to-video movie starring Tom and Jerry, produced by Warner Bros. Animation.

Tom and Jerry: Snowman's Land 
Tom and Jerry: Snowman's Land is an upcoming 2022 animated direct-to-video movie starring Tom and Jerry, produced by Warner Bros. Animation.

Tom and Jerry:  Featuring the Powerpuff Girls 
Tom and Jerry: Featuring the Powerpuff Girls is an upcoming 2023 animated direct-to-video movie starring Tom and Jerry and The Powerpuff Girls, produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network Studios.

Tom and Jerry: Haunting the Scooby-Doo! 
Tom and Jerry: Haunting the Scooby-Doo! is an upcoming 2023 animated direct-to-video movie starring Tom and Jerry also guest appearance of Scooby-Doo, produced by Warner Bros. Animation.

References 

1992 establishments
Animated movie series
Tom and Jerry
Tom and Jerry movies
Warner Bros. Animation movies
Aubigny-au-Bac () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,172 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Aubry-du-Hainaut () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,706 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Auby () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 7,256 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Auchy-lez-Orchies () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,509 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Audignies () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 369 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Amy Chu is a Chinese American comic writer. She started comic writing at 45 after a surprising career path. The comic industry was mostly men when Chu started. But, she has shown that women can be successful in comics too.  Chu has worked for DC and Marvel. She is a role model in many ways.

Early Life/Personal Life 
Amy Chu was born in Iowa. She is Chinese American. She was one of the only Asian kids in town. Because of this, she didn’t feel like she belonged. She was never interested in comics. Her dream growing up was to be a physicist. In interviews, she says she was very nerdy. Chu was on the chess team and the math team. She wanted to play on the soccer team, too. However, Chu’s school did not have a team for girls. They also would not let her play on the boys’ team. So, her parents sued and won. But even though she was finally on the soccer team, other teams would not play with her.
Chu lives in Princeton, New Jersey now. She is a mother of two children. They play soccer. She likes to shop, play video games, and have fun with Legos. She also enjoys drinking coffee and whiskey.

Education 
Chu was part of a joint program with MIT and Wellesley. She was one of the only women doing it. She got a degree in Architecture. She also got a degree in East Asian Studies.  Later on in her life, Chu went to Harvard Business School. Years later, she took a course in creative/comic writing.
Career 
Chu did graphic design jobs in college. Later, she took on consulting jobs. She even had a job in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong she worked at the Macau tourism office. Pansy Ho was her boss. Chu went back to America to go to business school. She then was a real consultant.  She worked for biotech companies. Chu reunited with Georgia Lee. Lee was an old friend of Chu. She also graduated from Harvard. Lee made films. She also wrote scripts for television. Lee asked for Chu’s help. She wanted to start a company. Lee wanted to encourage girls to be interested in comics. Comics are often just for boys. The company would change that. Chu agreed.  They co-founded Alpha Girls Comics together.  Chu decided to take a class in comic writing.  She was the only female taking the class. It did not feel like she was welcome. But, people loved the stories she wrote. Soon Chu became a professional comic book writer. She went on to work for big name companies like DC and Marvel.

References
References 

1968 births
American comics writers
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Maude Elizabeth Seymour Abbott (March 18, 1869-1940) was a Canadian pediatrician and cardiologist.  Abbott was one of the first experts in congenital heart disease. Many people considered her the top expert in the world during her lifetime. She studied and documented the hearts from cyanotic patients. Abbott developed the international classification system for congenital heart disease. She recorded it in her Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease.  Her work made it possible for medical researchers to start treating heart disease in the later Twentieth century.

Early Life and Family 
Maude Abbott was born in St. Andrews East, Quebec. She was abandoned by her father at a young age. Her mother died from tuberculosis when she was young. Maude Abbott and her sister, Alice, were adopted by her 62 year old grandmother.

School 
Maude Abbott got a Bachelor of Arts at McGill University. She graduated in 1890. She was one of the first women to get a Bachelor of Arts at McGill University.
Abbott wanted to be a doctor. McGill would not let women into the medical school. Abbott ran a public campaign trying to be allowed to study there. She wrote letters to the faculty. The school would not let her in. 

So Abbott went to Bishop’s College for medical school. She was the only woman at the school. Both students and teachers there were angry to have a woman studying medicine. Many people there were mean to her and made her studies very difficult. She worked hard anyway. She won the senior anatomy award and her excellent work earned her the chancellor's prize. She graduated in 1894.

After she graduated college, she went to London and Vienna for two years to study. Many colleagues and teachers thought she did good work. She dreamed of teaching at McGill.
Career 
Abbott returned to Canada to work at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal. She started researching cardiology. Dr. George Adami, the Chair of Pathology at McGill University was very impressed with her work. He made her the Assistant Curator of the McGill Medical Museum. Three years later, in 1901, she became the full curator of the museum. The museum was a collection of anatomical samples, which means it was body parts from people who had died. The collection was very messy, so Abbott organized it. Her idea was that she would group all the body parts by where they came from in the human body. She would then research each sample and collect all the information she could about it. She would have experts in certain areas of study give more information about the problem each sample encountered. Then, people could study all of the body parts, compare them, and learn more about how the body worked.
This organizational system was very strong. In fact, she learned so much from comparing different human hearts in the collection that she advanced medical science's understanding of the heart a lot. She first wrote a chapter on congenital heart disease for the book Principles and Practice of Medicine, edited by William Osler. Then she wrote the Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease, a major reference work on the human heart. The American Heart Association published it in 1936, with new editions in 1956 and 2006. This book helped medical scientists understand congenital cardiac problems. It led to treatments for these problems in the second half of the Twentieth century. Abbott was planning a textbook to add to the Atlas. She died before she could write it.
The museum was important for other reasons. Students started coming to look at the collection and learn from Abbott. They found it so useful that they praised her work to the medical school. The school started sending classes to visit, and soon all students were required to go to the museum one day a week for lessons with Abbott.

In 1906, Abbott helped found the International Association of Medical Museums. It still exists today. It is called the International Academy of Pathology.

Starting in 1919, Abbott was the editor of the Canadian Medical Association Journal. 

She still wanted to be on the faculty of the McGill Medical School. They finally allowed her to become faculty in 1936, and then forced her to retire the same year. She traveled to give lectures. She also wrote many medical histories.

Others appreciated Abbott, however. She was named a fellow at the New York Academy of Medicine. She was widely acknowledged as the world's top expert on congenital heart disease.

References
References 

Canadian physicians
1869 births
Tini "Whetu" Marama Tirikatene-Sullivan was a New Zealand politician. She was the longest serving MP in New Zealand's Parliament. Tirikatene-Sullivan was one of few women to give an oration at Ratana Pa. She won the Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Tirikatene-Sullivan was one of the top fencers in New Zealand. She was also a national ballroom dancing champion.

Early life 
Tirikatene-Sullivan’s father was a former Member of Parliament.  When Tirikatene-Sullivan was young, she was cared for by her grandmother.  Tirikatene-Sullivan had English and Ngati ancestry.

Tirikatene-Sullivan started her education at Rangiora High School. She was considered a leader in Rangiora High School. She attended Wellington East Girls College. Tirikatene-Sullivan got her BA and a diploma at Victoria University in Wellington. She completed her thesis but was did not present it.  Tirikatene-Sullivan got a Ph.D. in political science.
Tirikatene-Sullivan was a ballroom dancing champion in New Zealand. She also was a legendary female fencer in the 1960s. Tirikatene-Sullivan was a titleholder for Ballroom dancing and American dancing. Tirikatene-Sullivan owned a boutique. Her boutique sold traditional Maori clothes and Polynesian inspired clothing. She was a role model for young people into fashion.

When Tirikatene-Sullivan was 20, she was told that she had tuberculosis. The doctors thought that it was caused by exposure to too many people, a busy schedule, and stress. Tirikatene-Sullivan advocated for other patients while she was in the hospital.

Career 
Working for her father as an unofficial assistant laid much of the foundation for Tirikatene-Sullivan's political career. She worked as secretary and research officer for the Labour Party's Maori Advisory Council and Maori Policy Committee for 10 years, accompanying her father to various official tribal hui events.
Tirikatene-Sullivan was employed as a Maori welfare officer by the Department of Māori Affairs in 1958. She eventually also served as a child welfare officer in Rotorua and as a social security welfare officer in Lower Hutt and Wellington. She continued to volunteer for the Maori MPs as she had done, and studied part-time at Victoria University College. Tirikatene-Sullivan was named the Women’s Vice-President on the Executive of the Victoria University Students’ Association and and inaugural president of the Federation of Māori University Students in 1959. During her time in those positions, she advocated for the teaching of Maori studies in New Zealand universities. 

Tirikatene-Sullivan's studies ended abruptly in 1967 when her father died.
Personal life 
She had a husband named Denis Sullivan who was a nuclear physicist.  They both had three children named May-Ana (born in 1970), Lisa Marie (born in 1972), and Tirikatene (1974). Tirikatene-Sullivan’s second child, Lisa Marie, died three months after she was born. Tirikatene-Sullivan gave birth while holding her position in office and believed strongly in combining her career with good parenting.

References 

New Zealand politicians
Aulnoye-Aymeries () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 8,767 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 7,280 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Avelin () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 2,666 people lived there.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Janaki Ammal was the first Indian female botanist.  She was the first to receive her masters in science. She was the first-known woman to get a Ph.D. in Botany in the United States. She was the first to receive the Padma Shri award. Ammal was also known as the sugar cane queen. She worked on developing sweeter sugar cane varieties.

Birth 
Janaki Ammal was born in 1897.  She was born in a state called Kerala in India. She was the tenth person in her family.  She had 19 brothers and 19 sisters.  Her father was a judge.  He also took care of the garden.  This sparked Ammal’s love for botany.

Early Career 
Ammal taught for three years at a Women’s Christian College.  Then she was invited to the University of Michigan.  She joined the botany division.  She was an immigrant.  She was held at Ellis Island.  She earned her masters in science.  6 years later she received her doctorate.  Ammal was the first woman to ever receive her doctorate degree in botany in the US.