Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Kottgeisering is a municipality in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Landsberied is a municipality in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Maisach is a municipality in Fürstenfeldbruck, in Bavaria, Germany.

Maisach is the largest municipality in the Fürstenfeldbruck district. It is  north of Fürstenfeldbruck, and  northwest of Munich. It is served by an S-Bahn station on the  towards Mammendorf, which is south of the town center. The tallest building in the town belongs to the local brewery and sports an aircraft warning beacon.

Geography
The community Maisach is on the river Maisach.
Districts
(Districts in italics are primary districts or previously individual communities)
 Maisach (5.193 residents)
 Anzhofen (10 residents)
 Diepoltshofen (71 residents)
 Gernlinden (4.419 residents)
 Gernlinden-Ost (147 residents)
 Überacker (902 residents)
 Fußberg (14 residents)
 Fußbergmoos (23 residents)
 Loderhof (13 residents)
 Pöcklhof (12 residents)
 Thal (22 residents)
 Rottbach (268 residents)
 Deisenhofen (50 residents)
 Kuchenried (6 residents)
 Oberlappach (114 residents)
 Prack (25 residents)
 Unterlappach (17 residents)
 Weiherhaus (13 residents)
 Zötzelhofen (19 residents)
 Germerswang (783 residents)
 Frauenberg (123 residents)
 Stefansberg (124 residents)
 Malching (310 residents)
 Obermalching (19 residents)
 Galgen (22 residents)

Politics
The municipal council (Gemeinderat) of Maisach has 24 members:

(Status: 2014)

The mayor is Hans Seidl (CSU).

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
A flyback transformer, also called a line output transformer, is a special type of electrical transformer. It was initially designed to generate high voltage sawtooth signals at a relatively high frequency.

Electricity
The Honduras spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla dasypus) is a frog that lives in Honduras.  It lives in pine-oak forests.  Scientists have seen it between 1410 and 1990 meters above sea level in the Sierra de Omoa mountains.

Appearance

The adult male frog is 31.5 to 44.0 mm long from nose to rear end.  Scientists can tell this frog apart from other frogs because it has spikes on its throat near its vocal slits.  Its skin is bronze in color with black spots.

Threats

This frog is critically endangered.  This means it could die out.  One of the reasons it is endangered is that the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis kills it.  The fungus makes the tadpoles hatch with broken mouths.  The frog is also endangered because human beings change the places it likes to live.

References

Frogs of North America
Grand Turk Island is an island in the Turks and Caicos archipelago, in the Atlantic Ocean.  It is a British territory.  It has salt ponds and windmills from when people made sea salt on the island. There is a Grand Turk Lighthouse on the north side of the island. Horses and donkeys live on the island.

The government of Grand Turk Island is in Cockburn Town.  Today, the largest industry on the island is seafood.

References

Geography of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Islands of the United Kingdom
Roko Šimić (born 10 September 2003) is a Croatian professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg.

Career
He started his career with the youth teams of Dinamo Zagreb, Kustošija and Lokomotiva Zagreb. He made his senior debut for Lokomotiva in August 2020. In the 2020-21 season he made 25 matches and 3 goals for Lokomotiva. In July 2021 Šimić signed a contract with the Austrian side FC Red Bull Salzburg.  With €4 million  it was Lokomotiva's most expensive transfer.
He went on loan to FC Liefering and made his debut in August 2021 versus St. Pölten. He came in in the 46th minute and scored his first goal within his first minute.  On 20 October 2021 he made his senior team and Champions League debut. He came in for Noah Okafor in the 87th minute of the 3–1 victory over VfL Wolfsburg. Four days later, he made his league debut for the senior team, replacing Karim Adeyemi in the 87th minute of the 4–1 victory over Sturm Graz. For the 2022/23 season he went on loan to FC Zürich.

National team
Roko Šimić played in all Croatian youth teams. At the moment he plays for the U21 team.

Personal life
Roko is the son of Dario Šimić, a former Croatian footballer. He was born in Milan, Italy where his father playedd for AC Milan. He has three brothers, Viktor, Nikolas and David. David suffers  from Down syndrome.

Honours
Red Bull Salzburg
 Austrian Bundesliga: 2022
 Austrian Cup: 2022

References
References

2003 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
Players of FC Liefering
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Association football forwards
The Czechoslovak koruna (in Czech and Slovak: koruna československá, at times koruna česko-slovenská was the currency of Czechoslovakia from 10 April 1919 to 14 March 1939, and from 1 November 1945 to 7 February 1993.

The (last) ISO 4217 code and the local abbreviations for the koruna were CSK and Kčs. One koruna equalled 100 haléřů (Czech, singular: haléř) or halierov (Slovak, singular: halier). In both languages, the abbreviation h was used. The abbreviation was placed behind the numeric value.

Czech koruna
The Czech koruna or Czech Crown has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993. The koruna is one of the European Union's 11 currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currency in the future.

The ISO 4217 code for the Czech Koruna is CZK. The symbol is Kč.
Slovak koruna
The Slovak Crown or Slovak koruna has been the currency used in Slovakia since February 8, 1993. It replaced the Czechoslovak Crown. Slovak koruna should not be mistaken with the Slovak koruna during the World War II (Slovak: koruna slovenská, short Ks, notice word order)

The ISO 4217 code for the Slovak koruna is SKK. The symbol is Sk. One Koruna is equal to 100 hellers (written shortly as "hal.", in Slovak singular: halier). The symbol is put after the amount. 

Slovak koruna exists in these values: 50 h, 1 Sk, 2 Sk, 5 Sk, 10 Sk, 20 Sk, 50 Sk, 100 Sk, 200 Sk, 500 Sk, 1000 Sk and 5000 Sk. 10 h and 20 h are not used since 31 December 2003.

The central rate of Slovak koruna against euro was 35.4424 SKK as of 19 March 2007. Slovakia will use Euro instead of koruna from 1 January 2009.

Other websites 
National Bank of Slovakia website

References 

Slovakia
Czech Republic
Former currencies of Europe
The Red River Colony, a key part of Manitoba's rich history, was a settlement on the Red and Assiniboine rivers whose boundaries crossed parts of what are now Manitoba and North Dakota.

Manitoba
Davanti a te (which translates to “In front of you”) is a 2021 artwork by Italian artist Salvatore Garau. The work consists of an immaterial sculpture.

As conceptual art, it consists of a certificate of authenticity which has affixed to it detailed diagrams and instructions for its proper display by its buyer. Two editions of the piece sold for $30,600 USD at auctions to significant media attention.

For Garau, the sculpture assets its conformation in its own nothingness. 

From Il Corriere della Sera to La Repubblica in Italy, from Le Monde to the New York Post, to ABC, Fox, CBS, to CNN, abroad. So much so that several sites specialized in contemporary art have reported that this summer, surpassing Jeff Koons and Damien Hirst, Salvatore Garau was the most published artist and most talked about in the media all over the world.
Manufactured in September 2020, the pieces are an empty space, with certification papers signed by the artist sold in auction at 27,000 euros, $32,000 with auction rights, for only a paper certification with Garau signature, the price value for Sal Garau oil on canvas middle size become, with the artistic coefficient more then $500.000.
The first examples were provided in Milan by Italian futurist painters who let their paintings breathe deeply, leading them to expand to overcome the limit, so far crossed, of the frame, this artistic research is overcome by Umberto Boccioni , in his house in Porta Romana in Milan (district of the Prada Foundation) he was carrying on in sculpture. The fact is that in the early 1900s the perception of the physical world was completely transformed and artists absorbed these discoveries. There are countless examples in the history of art demonstrating that when the knowledge we have of the surrounding world changes, the way of representing it inevitably changes in turn. It was discovered that the space between bodies is crossed by invisible forces: electromagnetism, heat, light, all elements that the futurists introduced into their works
. Garau finds the solution to the problem of understanding space and its representation of its relationship with the subject that occupies it, which has always been one of the crucial points of modern art. Since the time of the Historical Avant-gardes, the space of the painting became the field of experimentation.
Related pages
International Exhibition of Nothing
 I Am (Garau)
 Comedian (artwork)
 Fountain (Duchamp)

Other websites 
 New York, Aphrodite Crying, by Salvatore Garau, 2021

Notes 

Sculptures
Conceptual art
Art movements
2021 works
The Portuguese Restoration War () was the war between Portugal and Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco-Spanish War until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663.

In the seventeenth century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the Acclamation War. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg who had been united with the Portuguese  crown since the 1581 succession crisis.

References

Wars involving Portugal
Wars involving Spain
17th century in Europe
John IV (, ; 19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656), nicknamed John the Restorer (), was the King of Portugal whose reign, lasting from 1640 until his death, began the Portuguese restoration of independence from Habsburg Spanish rule. His accession established the House of Braganza on the Portuguese throne, and marked the end of the 60-year-old Iberian Union, by which Portugal and Spain shared the same monarch.

Before becoming king, he was John II, 8th Duke of Braganza. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, a claimant to the crown during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire was at its territorial zenith, spanning the globe.

References

1604 births
1656 deaths
Kings and Queens of Portugal
Salvaterra de Miño is a town and municipality (concello) in the province of Pontevedra, autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It's located on the southern border of the province of Pontevedra, at the confluence of the valleys of the rivers Tea and Minho, and by the natural limits of the Serra da Cañiza. It borders the Municipalities of As Neves in the east, Mondariz and Ponteareas to the north, and to the south by the Minno river. The Minno river (Río Miño or Rio Minho) is the southern natural border that today separates Portugal with its fortified town of Monção from current Galicia to the north.

References 

Municipalities in Galicia
Province of Pontevedra
Hermisende is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 383 inhabitants.

References 

Municipalities in Castile and León
Province of Zamora
The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was a peace treaty between Portugal and Spain that was concluded at Lisbon on 13 February 1668 with the mediation of England in which Spain recognised the sovereignty of Portugal's new  ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza.

The regent of Spain, Queen Mariana of Austria, the second wife of the late King Philip IV, acted in the name of her young son, Carlos II and oversaw the negotiations on the behalf of Spain.

The prince-regent of Portugal, Pedro, the future King Peter II of Portugal, in the name of his incapacitated brother, Afonso VI, represented Portugal.
The peace was mediated by Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, an ambassador of Charles II of England.

References

1660s in Europe
Friedrich Hermann von Schönberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg, 1st Count of Mertola,  (; ; 6 December 1615 – 1 July 1690) was a Marshal of France and a General in the English and Portuguese Army. He was killed at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.

References
École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) is one of the most selective and prestigious social sciences Grandes écoles in Paris, France.

EHESS was originally a department of the École pratique des hautes études, founded in 1868 to train academic researchers. It became an independent institution in 1975. Today, its research covers the fields of economics and finance, cognitive sciences, humanities, and politics, such as the sciences, applied mathematics and statistics, development studies, sociology, anthropology, history, musicology, and the philosophy of the social sciences.

Notable Teacher 
 Roland Barthes, French philosopher
 Michel Chodkiewicz, French author and a scholar of Sufism
 Marc Ferro, French historian
 Gérard Genette, French literary theorist
 Jacques Mehler, Spanish-born French-American influential cognitive psychologist
 Pierre Nora, French historian
 Alain Touraine, French sociologist

References

Further reading 

 Official website
Official website

Universities in Paris
1947 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in France
Melón is a municipality in the Galician province of Ourense. It has a population of 1582 (Spanish 2006 Census) and an area of 53.22 km².

References 

Municipalities in Galicia
Province of Ourense
Manuel Cruz Rodríguez (born 1 January 1951) is a Spanish philosopher and politician who served as the 60th President of the Senate from May to December 2019. Prior to this, between 2016 and 2019, Cruz served as member of the Congress of Deputies in representation of Barcelona. He is a member of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia.

1951 births
Living people
Spanish philosophers
Spanish politicians
The Most Excellent (Spanish: Excelentísimo Señor (male) or Excelentísima Señora (female), literally "Most Excellent Sir/Madam") is an honorific  prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in Spain and certain Spanish-speaking countries. Following Spanish tradition, it is an ex officio style (the holder has it as long as they remain in office, in the most important positions of state) and is used in written documents and very formal occasions.

The prefix is similar (but not equal) to that of "His/Her Excellency", but in the 19th century "The Most Excellent" began to replace the former.

The proper use of the prefix Excellency was re-introduced in Francoist Spain by Generalísimo Francisco Franco himself, who was formally styled as Su Excelencia el Jefe del Estado ("His Excellency The Head of State"), while his ministers and senior government officials continued using the prefix "The Most Excellent".
The prefix "The Most Illustrious" (Ilustrísimo/a Señor/a) is the lower version, and is mostly used for non-Grandee titled nobles in Spain and some other officeholders.

Spanish culture
The Greeks or Hellenes () are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world. They speak the Greek language.

References 

 
Ethnic groups in Europe
Albert Frick (born 21 October 1948) is a politician from Liechtenstein, member of the Progressive Citizens' Party, and the current President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein since March 2013.

References 

1948 births
Living people
Liechtenstein people
European politicians
The Rocket was a locomotive made by English engineers George and Robert Stephenson.

References

Locomotives
Background 
Southwest Papua has been striving to become a separate province since 2004, Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world consisting of thousands of islands. One of them is the island of Papua which is rich in natural potential and tourism potential, beautiful like pearls that radiate from eastern Indonesia. Papua Island consists of the provinces of Papua and West Papua provinces. Along with the rapid development of the region from the east, Papua is planned to be divided into 5 large provinces, the current 2 provinces namely Papua Province (Jayapura) and West Papua Province (Manokwari) plus the planned new provinces are Southwest Papua Province, the capital city of Sorong, Central Papua in Nabire and The capital city of South Papua Province is Merauke.
Administrative area 
The candidate for the provincial capital is City of Sorong. Districts that may join this province include:
 Sorong City (expansion plan)
 Raja Ampat Regency
 Sorong Regency
 South Sorong Regency
 Maybrat District
 Tambrauw Regency

Reference 

Provinces of Indonesia
Dazed (formerly Dazed & Confused) is a bi-monthly British style magazine founded in 1991.  It covers music, fashion, film, art, and literature. Dazed is published by Dazed Media, an independent media group known for producing stories across its print, digital and video brands. The company's portfolio includes titles AnOther, Dazed Beauty and NOWNESS. The company's newest division, Dazed Studio, creates brand campaigns across the luxury and lifestyle sectors. Based in London, its founding editors are Jefferson Hack and fashion photographer Rankin along with former art director Ian C Taylor.
Background
Dazed was begun by Jefferson Hack, Ian C Taylor and Rankin in collaboration with the photographers Jamie Parissis and Marshall Aver while they were studying at London College of Printing (now London College of Communications). Beginning as a black-and-white folded poster the magazine soon turned full colour and was promoted at London club nights. The Norwegian photographer and later Hells Angel Marcel Lelienhof was involved with the magazine in the first editions, as was the stylist Katie Grand
. 

Today it is an independent youth culture magazine, distributed globally, covering fashion, art, music and lifestyle. There has been some discussion regarding the choice of title, but it is generally considered to have been inspired by the Led Zeppelin song of the same name.

References 

1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
Magazines of the United Kingdom
South Papua is the planned new province in Papua. Tito Karnavian, as Minister of Home Affairs Indonesia has stated that South Papua is ready to become a new province. The districts that joined the new province candidates consisted of 4 districts and 1 municipality (under the expansion plan).

Background 
South Papua has been struggling to become a separate province since 2002 and was again proposed to be a province in 2020. This is because the Government of Indonesia wants the people of Papua to progress. The expansion of South Papua Province was originally planned to consist of five regencies, namely Asmat Regency, Boven Digoel Regency, Mappi Regency, Bintang Bintang Regency, and Merauke Regency . However, based on regional considerations, Bintang Mountains Regency then chose to resign due to the closer distance to Jayapura City.
Administrative area 
The candidate for the provincial capital is City of Merauke. Districts that may join this province include:
 City of Merauke (expansion plan)
 Merauke Regency
 Asmat Regency
 Boven Digoel District
 Mappi County

Reference 

Provinces of Indonesia
Kat Cressida born (born March 1, 1968) is American voice actress. She is best known for voicing Dee Dee in Dexter’s Laboratory.

1968 births
Living people
American actors

Comedians from California
Samson Baidoo (born 31 March 2004 in Graz) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as a defender for 2. Liga club Liefering and the UEFA Youth League team of FC Salzburg.

Career
He played in the youth teams of Post SV Graz and Grazer AK. 2018 he came to the Red Bull Academy. 2021 he went on to FC Liefering.He made his debut for Liefering in the 2nd league in July 2021 when he came on as a substitute for Dijon Kameri in the 85th minute on the first matchday of that season against Kapfenberger SV.

In April 2022 he signed a professional contract in Salzburg that runs until June 2027. For the 2022/23 season he also moved into the  Bundesliga squad. He debuted for Salzburg on 14 May 2023 in the away match versus LASK.
National team
He played for Austria U15, U16, U17 and U18.In November 2022 he made his debut for the U-21 team against Turkey. In October 2023 he was nominated for the senior national team for the first time. He made his debut in the same month when he came on as a substitute for Kevin Danso in the 66th minute of the European Championship qualifier against Belgium.

Career statistics

Club

Notes

References

2004 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of FC Liefering
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Austrian football defenders
Austrian football champions
This is a list of Spanish language exonyms.

Algeria

Andorra

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

China

Cyprus

Czechia

Denmark

Egypt

Estonia

France

Georgia

Germany

Greece

Haiti

Israel

Italy

Latvia

Lebanon

Libya

Lithuania

Morocco

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Russia

Serbia

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Trinidad and Tobago

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States

References

Lists of exonyms
Exonyms
They Who Dare is a 1954 British World War II action movie directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Dirk Bogarde, Denholm Elliott, Akim Tamiroff, Harold Siddons, Eric Pohlmann, Gérard Oury, Sam Kydd, Peter Burton, Eileen Way.

Other websites

1954 movies
1950s war movies
1950s action movies
British action movies
British war movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
The vice-chancellor of Germany, inofficially the vice-chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (), officially the deputy to the federal chancellor (), is the second highest ranking German cabinet member. The chancellor is the head of government and, according to the constitution, gives this title of deputy to one of the federal ministers. It is common that the title is given to the major minister provided by the (smaller) coalition partner.

In everyday politics, being a vice chancellor is more an honorary title. The vice-chancellor may head cabinet meetings when the chancellor is abroad. The function of vice chancellor is to use the specific constitutional powers of the chancellor in case that the chancellor is unable to perform his or her duties. This kind of substitution has never been made use of in the history of the Federal Republic.
Should a chancellor resign, die or be permanently unable to perform his or her duties, the vice chancellor does not automatically become the next chancellor. In such a case the Federal President assigns a minister to serve as acting chancellor until the Bundestag (parliament) elects a new chancellor.).

Although  is the constitutional term, most Germans know the deputy by the expression Vice-Chancellor (). Chancellor () is the traditional term for the German head of government since 1867/71. A general deputy has been introduced only in 1878 by law (). In the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933, the office of  was mentioned in the internal reglement of the government. The current office or title has existed since the constitution of 1949.

The current vice-chancellor of Germany is Robert Habeck, who took office on 8 December 2021, succeeding Olaf Scholz, who gave up the role in order to become chancellor.

References
Franz Blücher (24 March 1896 – 26 March 1959) was a German politician and member of the German Parliament (Bundestag).

1896 births
1959 deaths
German politicians
The plazas de soberanía (, lit. "strongholds of sovereignty") is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa.

Historically, a distinction was made between the so-called "major places of sovereignty", comprising the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and the "minor places of sovereignty", referring to a number of islands (and a small peninsula) along the coast. In the present, the term refers mainly to the latter.
Plectrohyla calvata is a frog in the family Hylidae. Itlives in Honduras.  Scientists have seen it between 1900 and 2500 meters above sea level in cloud forests.

First paper

References

Frogs of North America
The Latins sometimes known as the Latians were an Italic tribe. It had the early people living in the city of Rome. From about 1000 BC, the Latins lived in the small region known to the Romans as Old Latium

Ethnic groups in Europe
Ancient Rome
Eduardo Luís Barreto Ferro Rodrigues  (born 3 November 1949) is a Portuguese politician and economist who has been President of the Assembly of the Republic since 2015, in the 13th (2015–2019) and 14th Legislatures (2019–present). He was Minister for Social Security, and later Minister for Public Works, in the governments of António Guterres.

1949 births
Economists
Living people
Portuguese politicians
Portuguese writers
The Portuguese escudo was the currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999 and the removal of the escudo from circulation on 28 February 2002.  The escudo was subdivided into 100 . The word  derives from the scutum shield.

Amounts in escudos were written as    with the  as the decimal separator (for example:  means ,  means ). Because of the conversion rate of 1000  = , three decimal places were initially used ( = ).
Mammendorf is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany. It is halfway between Munich and Augsburg.

Place

Mammendorf is part of Fürstenfeldbruck, Upper Bavaria and is about 6 kilometres northwest of the city of Fürstenfeldbruck. The towns Nannhofen and Peretshofen are part of the municipality of Mammendorf.

Geography

The Maisach River flows through Mammendorf.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Mittelstetten is a municipality in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Moorenweis is a municipality in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Oberschweinbach is a municipality  in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
The County of Portugal (; in documents of the period the name used was Portugalia) refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Braga and Porto, today corresponding to littoral northern Portugal, within which the identity of the Portuguese people formed.  The first county existed from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh centuries as a vassalage of the Kingdom of Asturias and later the Kingdoms of Galicia and León, before being abolished as a result of rebellion. A larger entity under the same name was then reestablished in the late 11th century and subsequently elevated by its count in the mid-12th century into an independent Kingdom of Portugal.

References

History of Portugal
The Battle of Ourique () was a battle that took place on 25 July 1139, in which the forces of Portuguese count Afonso Henriques (of the House of Burgundy) defeated those led by the Almoravid governor of Córdoba, Muhammad Az-Zubayr Ibn Umar, identified as "King Ismar" in Christian chronicles.

1130s
Qaid ( , "commander"; pl. ), also spelled kaid or caïd, is a word meaning "commander" or "leader." It was a title in the Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the curia, usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The word entered the Latin language as  or . Later the word was used in North Africa for the governor of a fortress or the warden of a prison, also in Spain and Portugal in the form with the definite article "alcayde" (Spanish) "alcaide" (Portuguese). It is also used as a male Arabic given name.
Ourique () is a city in the District of Beja in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,389, in an area of 663.31 km2.

This town is traditionally considered the site of the famous Battle of Ourique in 1139, which saw the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques defeat a Muslim Almoravid force. The present Mayor is Marcelo Guerreiro, elected by the Socialist Party, who became the youngest Mayor in Portugal, aged 25, in 2015. The municipal holiday is September 8.

References 

Cities in Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Beja District
The Kingdom of Asturias (; ) was a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius. It was the first Christian political entity established after the Umayyad conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 718 or 722. That year, Pelagius defeated an Umayyad army at the Battle of Covadonga, in what is usually regarded as the beginning of the Reconquista.
The Asturian kings would occasionally make peace with the Muslims, particularly at times when they needed to pursue their other enemies, the Basques and rebels in Galicia. Thus Fruela I (757–68) killed 40,000 Muslims but also defeated the Basques and Galicians, and Silo (774–83) made peace with the Muslims but not with the Galicians. Under King Alfonso II (791–842), the kingdom was firmly established with Alfonso's recognition as king of Asturias by Charlemagne and the Pope. He conquered Galicia and the Basques. During his reign, the holy bones of St James the Great were declared to be found in Galicia, in Compostela (from Latin campus stellae, literally "the field of the star"). Pilgrims from all over Europe opened a way of communication between the isolated Asturias and the Carolingian lands and beyond. Alfonso's policy consisted in depopulating the borders of Bardulia (which would turn into Castile) in order to gain population support north of the mountains
. With this growth came a corresponding increase in military forces. The kingdom was now strong enough to sack the Moorish cities of Lisbon, Zamora and Coimbra. However, for centuries to come the focus of these actions was not conquest but pillage and tribute. In the summers of 792, 793 and 794 several Muslim attacks plundered Alava, and the heart of the Asturian kingdom, reaching up to the capital, Oviedo. In one of the retreats, Alfonso inflicted a severe defeat on the Muslims in the swampy area of Lutos, killing 70,000.
When Alfonso II died, Ramiro I (842–50) staged a coup against the Count of the Palace Nepotian, who had taken the throne. After a battle on a bridge over the river Narcea, Nepotian was captured in flight, blinded and then forced into monastic life. Early in his reign, in 844, Ramiro was faced with a Viking attack at a place called Farum Brecantium, believed to be present-day Corunna. He gathered an army in Galicia and Asturias and defeated the Vikings, killing many of them and burning their ships. In 859, a second Viking fleet set out for Spain. The Vikings were slaughtered off the coast of Galicia by Count Pedro. The considerable territorial expansion of the Asturian kingdom under Alfonso III (866–910) was largely made possible by the collapse of Umayyad control over many parts of Al-Andalus at this time. Between the years 866 and 881, the western frontier of the kingdom in Galicia was expanded into the northern part of modern-day Portugal. The year 878 saw a Muslim assault on the towns of Astorga and León
. The expedition consisted of two detachments, one of which was decisively defeated at Polvoraria on the river Orbigo, with an alleged loss of 13,000 men. In 881, Alfonso took the offensive, leading an army deep into the Lower March, crossing the Tagus River to approach Mérida. Then miles from the city the Asturian army crossed the Guadiana River and defeated the Umayyad army on "Monte Oxifer", allegedly leaving 15,000 Muslim soldiers killed. Returning home, Alfonso devoted himself to building the churches of Oviedo and constructing one or two more palaces for himself.
The Kingdom of Asturias transitioned into the Kingdom of León in 924, when Fruela II of Asturias became king with his royal court in León.

History of Spain
Asturias
Former monarchies of Europe
The Aeronca C-3 is a light aircraft build by Aeronca in the 1930s. Its made in the United States and there's a number of 400 build.

Variants 

 C-3
 C-3 Master
 Aeronca 100
 Aeronca 300
 Ely 700

Surviving aircraft
A-125 – C-3 on display at the Western North Carolina Air Museum in Hendersonville, North Carolina.
 A-189 – C-3 airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It is a floatplane and was built in 1931.
 A-194 – C-3 in storage at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta. It was built in 1931.
 A-215 – C-3 airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It was built in 1932.
 A-246 – PC-3 airworthy at the Eagles Mere Air Museum in Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania.
 A-258 – C-3 on static display at the San Diego Air & Space Museum in San Diego, California.
 A-288 – C-3 under restoration at the Wright Experience in Warrenton, Virginia.
 A-600 – C-3 airworthy with Paul A. Gliddon in Goathland, North Yorkshire.
 A-603 – C-3 airworthy with John Illsley. It was flown to South Africa from England in 1936.
 A-610 – C-3 airworthy with Nicholas S. Chittenden in Lostwithiel, Cornwall.
A-614 – C-3 on display at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.
 A-668 – C-3 airworthy at the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
 A-673 – C-3B airworthy at the Port Townsend Aero Museum in Port Townsend, Washington. It was built in 1936.
 A-695 – C-3 on static display in the terminal building at Lunken Airport in Cincinnati, Ohio.
 A-717 – C-3 airworthy at the Golden Age Air Museum in Bethel, Pennsylvania. It is marked as NC17404.
 A-730 – C-3 airworthy at the Frasca Air Museum in Urbana, Illinois.
 A-754 – C-3 airworthy at Cole Palen's Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in Red Hook, New York. It is registered as N17447.
 AB105 – Aeronca 100 airworthy with the Wingnut Syndicate in Warkworth, Auckland.
 526 – C-3 in storage at the Shannon Air Museum in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
 623 – C-3 airworthy at the Golden Wings Flying Museum in Blaine, Minnesota.
 Unknown ID – C-3 under restoration at the Aeronca Museum in Brighton, Michigan.
Unknown ID – C-3 on display at the Wings of History Museum in San Martin, California.
 Unknown ID – C-3 under restoration at Generations in Aviation in Jacksonville, Florida. Built in 1932. registered NC12496
 Unknown ID – C-3 on static display at the Florida Air Museum in Lakeland, Florida.
American aircraft
The Aeronca K is an American aircraft made by Aeronca in 1937. The aircraft is still in use and there are 357 made.

Variants 

 Model K - with Aeronca E-113C engine.
 Model KC - with Continental A-40 engine.
 Model KCA - with Continental A-50 engine.

American aircraft
The Welch OW-6M is an American aircraft made by Welch aircraft industry in 1931.

Variants 

 OW-5M
 Powered by a 40hp (30kW) Continental A-40-4 engine. Type Certificate held by the Hartmann Aircraft Corporation and sometimes described as the Hartmann OW-5M. 38 aircraft
 OW-6M
 Powered by a 37hp (28kW) Aeronca E-113-B engine. Type Certificate held by Stewart Aircraft Industries and sometimes described as the Stewart OW-6M. 7 aircraft
 OW-6S
 OW-6 with 45hp Szekely SR-30 and experimental, two-speed gear-reduction system regn. no NX14521, c/n 110.
 OW-7M
 Powered by a 45hp (36kW) Welch O-2 engine. 8 aircraft
 OW-8M
 Powered by a Franklin 4-AC-150 engine. 2 aircraft
 OW-9M
 Proposed variant with a Lycoming O-145, not built.
 Welch ACE Falcon
 A prototype fitted with an 60hp Anzani radial engine

American aircraft
A ferrofluid is a liquid that will react to a magnetic field without becoming solid. Usually it contains small magnetic particles in a suspension.

Magnetism
The Continental A-40 is an aircraft engine made by Continental Motors and is especially made for light aircraft.

Variants 
A40

 A40-2
 A-40-3
 A40-4
 A40-5

Users 

 Aeronca KC
 Arup S-2
 Heath Parasol LNA-40
 Nicholson Junior KN-2
 Piper J-3 Cub
 Porterfield CP-40 Zephyr
 Rose Parakeet
 Taylor E-2 Cub
 Taylor J-2 Cub
 Welch OW-5M

Aircraft engines
Olching is a town in Fürstenfeldbruck, in Bavaria, Germany. It is about 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Munich.

Geography
Olching is about halfway between Dachau and Fürstenfeldbruck, and stretches along both sides of the River Amper. There are two lakes to the east of Olching, the Olchinger See (Lake Olching) and Kleiner See (Small Lake), both of which border on the neighbouring community of Gröbenzell.

Twin towns – sister cities
Olching is twinned with:
 Feurs, France
 Tuchola, Poland

References

The initial text content of this site is based upon the German language Wikipedia entry for Olching, Olching in German Wikipedia

Other websites
Homepage of the Gemeinde Olching
Gymnasium Olching
Grundschule Graßlfing
Volkshochschule Olching
Golfclub-olching.de
SC Olching
TSV Geiselbullach
SV Esting News
Olching ("Oiching") in the Bavarian Wikipedia

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
The Continental A-40 is an aircraft engine made by Continental Motors and is especially made for light aircraft.

Variants 

 A50
 A50-1
 A50-2
 A50-3
 A50-4
 A50-5
 A50-6
 A50-7

Users 

 Aeronca KCA
 Aeronca 50C
 Aeronca 50TC
 Aeronca S50C
 Luscombe 8
 Piper J-3
 Piper J-4
 Porterfield CP50
 Porterfield CP55
 Taylorcraft BC
 Taylorcraft BCS

Aircraft engines
The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in Portugal. It was founded in-exile on 19 April 1973 in the German city of Bad Münstereifel by members from the Portuguese Socialist Action during the Estado Novo era. Partido Socialista is a member of the Socialist International and Progressive Alliance. It is also a member of Party of European Socialists regionally in Europe. It has nine members in the European Parliament within the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group during the 9th European Parliament.

The part is considered centre-left and is one of the two major parties in Portuguese politics, its rival being the Social Democratic Party (PSD) on the centre-right. The leader of the PS is António Costa, the current Prime Minister of Portugal. The party has 108 of 230 seats in the Portuguese parliament following the October 2019 election, forming a minority government.

References

Social democratic parties in Europe
Politics of Portugal
1973 establishments in Europe
Afonso VI (; 21 August 164312 September 1683), known as "the Victorious" (), was the second King of Portugal of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, until 1662, when he removed her to a convent and took power with the help of his favourite, the Count of Castelo Melhor.

Afonso's reign saw the end of the Restoration War (1640–68) and Spain's recognition of Portugal's independence. He also negotiated a French alliance through his marriage. However, the king was physically and mentally weak. In 1668, his brother Pedro conspired to have him declared incapable of ruling, and took supreme de facto power as regent, although nominally Afonso was still sovereign. Queen Marie Françoise, Afonso's wife, received an annulment and subsequently married Pedro. Afonso spent the rest of his life and reign practically a prisoner.

1643 births
1683 deaths
Kings and Queens of Portugal
John Joseph of Austria or John of Austria (the Younger) () (7 April 162917 September 1679) was a Spanish general and political figure. He was the only illegitimate son of Philip IV of Spain to be acknowledged by the King and trained for military command and political administration. Don John advanced the causes of the Spanish Crown militarily and diplomatically at Naples, Sicily, Catalonia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Dunkirk and other fronts.  He was the governor of the Southern Netherlands from 1656 to 1659. He remained a popular hero even as the fortunes of Imperial Spain began to decline. His feuds with his father's widow, Queen Mariana, led to a 1677 palace coup through which he exiled Mariana and took control of the monarchy of his half-brother Charles II of Spain. However, he proved far from the savior Spain had hoped he would be. He remained in power until his death in 1679.
Prazeres Cemetery () is one of the largest cemeteries in Lisbon, Portugal; it is located in the freguesia (civil parish) of Estrela, in western Lisbon (formerly, within the parish of Prazeres). It is considered to be one of the most beautiful and famous cemeteries in the world. It is home to the Mausoleum of the Dukes of Palmela, the largest mausoleum in Europe.

Prazeres Cemetery is the resting place for many famous personalities, including Prime Ministers and Presidents of Portugal, notable literary figures such as author Ramalho Ortigão, famous artists like painters Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro or Roque Gameiro, prominent musical figures like pianist Alexandre Rey Colaço or composer João Domingos Bomtempo, and numerous other notable burials, especially from the Portuguese nobility.
Estrela () is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in the historic center of Lisbon, Estrela is south of Campo de Ourique, west of Misericórdia, and east of Alcântara. The population in 2011 was 20,128.
The District of Lisbon () is along the western coast of Portugal. The district capital is the city of Lisbon, which is also the national capital.

Municipalities 
The district has 16 municipalities:
 Alenquer
 Amadora
 Arruda dos Vinhos
 Azambuja
 Cadaval
 Cascais
 Lisbon
 Loures
 Lourinhã
 Mafra
 Odivelas
 Oeiras
 Sintra
 Sobral de Monte Agraço
 Torres Vedras
 Vila Franca de Xira
Maurits Kjaergaard (born 26 June 2003) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Bundesliga club FC Red Bull Salzburg  and for FC Liefering in the 2nd Austrian league.

Career
He started his career with Lyngby BK. 2019 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg. In the beginning he played for the feeder club FC Liefering. He made his debut for Liefering in August 2019 versus SV Horn when he came in for Jung-Min Kim in minute 64.
In February 2021 he made his debut for FC Red Bull Salzburg.

Nationalteam
Kjaergaard played for Denmarks U16, U17, U19 and U21.

Honours
Red Bull Salzburg 
Austrian Bundesliga: 2020–21, 2021-22, 2022-23
Austrian Cup: 2020–21, 2021-22

References

2003 births
Living people
Danish footballers
Players of FC Liefering
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Austrian football champions
Jjimjilbang or jimjilbang are Korean spas.  They have bathtubs, heated floors, and hot kiln rooms that are like saunas.  Some of them have pools or massages.

There are two types of warmth in a jjimjilbang: heated floors and heated rooms similar to saunas.

Architecture

Some jjimjilbang in Korea today are open all day and night.  In some jjimjilbang, travelers can buy a place to sleep for the night, like in a hotel.

It costs about ￦5000 to to go to a jjimjilbang and about ￦8000 to sleep there overnight (US$5 to $8).  People come to a jjimjilbang and take off their shoes to walk on the heated floor.  They put all their clothes in lockers.  Then they take showers with soap before going into any of the pools or saunas.

People make jjimjilbang out of different things for different reasons.  People think bathing in a jjimjilbang made of clay may remove toxins from the body.  People think bathing in a jjimjilbang made of jade may stop pain in the joints, for example the knees.
Today, some jjimijilbang also have fitness centers and rooms for arcade games, movies, the Internet, and fitness centers. Some jjimjilbang let people wear shorts and t-shirts to the entertainment areas but not in the water.

History

Jjimjilbang came from the natural hot springs in Korea.  The first jjimjilbang may have been in the Joseon era (late 1300s to late 1800s).

Pictures

Related pages
Onsen
Sentō
Sauna
Banya
Hammam

References

Korean culture
Hygiene
New Brighton is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
North Oaks is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
The Arup S-2 is an aircraft that is made by Arup in 1933 and has a wing named the low aspect ratio wing.

Specifications 
General characteristics

 Length: 17 ft (5.2 m)
 Wingspan: 19 ft (5.8 m)
 Wing area: 211 sq ft (19.6 m2)
 Airfoil: NACA M6
 Empty weight: 780 lb (354 kg)
 Engine: 1 × Continental A-40 , 36 hp (27 kW)

Performance

 Maximum speed: 84 kn (97 mph, 156 km/h)
 Stall speed: 20 kn (23 mph, 37 km/h)

American aircraft
North St. Paul is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
Shoreview is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
Vadnais Heights is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
The Heath Parasol is an American home made aircraft made by Edward Bayard Heath in 1926.

Variants 

 Prototype  - Home made version.
 CA-1 Parasol - Wing with square tips.
 CA-1A Super Parasol - Bigger wing span.
 V-Parasol - V-form wing struts.
 LNB-4 Parasol - Bigger wing span and N-form struts.
 LNA-40 Parasol - V-form struts and Continental A40 engine.

Surviving aircraft 

 There is a LNB-4 Parasol on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT.
 The Museum of Flight, Seattle, WA, owns a Parasol. It is currently at their Restoration Center in Everett, WA. 

American aircraft
Arthur Moeller van den Bruck was a German historian. In 1905 he published a cultural history of Germany in eight volumes. During World War I he was in a foreign affairs section of the German Army. in 1923 he published a book called Das Dritte Reich which influenced various right-wing politicians in Germany, including Adolph Hitler. He thought Hitler could not become important and the political hope of the future was Benito Mussolini. Van den Bruck committed suicide in 1925.
The Mirandese language or lhéngua mirandesa is an Astur-Leonese language or language variety that is sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal in Terra de Miranda (made up of the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso).

Recognition
The Assembly of the Republic granted it official recognition alongside Portuguese for local matters on 17 September 1998 with the law 7/99 of 29 January 1999. In 2001, Mirandese was officially recognised by the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages, which aims to promote the survival of the least spoken European languages.

Roots
Mirandese has a distinct phonology, morphology and syntax. It has its roots in the local Vulgar Latin spoken in the northern Iberian Peninsula.
Mirandese is a descendant of the Astur-Leonese variety spoken in the Kingdom of León and has both archaisms and innovations that differentiate it from the modern varieties of Astur-Leonese spoken in Spain. In recognition of these differences, and due to its political isolation from the rest of the Astur-Leonese speaking territory, Mirandese has adopted a different written norm to the one used in Spain for Astur-Leonese.

References 

Languages of Europe
Romance languages
Marienplatz (English: Mary's Square, i.e. St. Mary, Our Lady's Square) is a central square in the centre of Munich, Germany. It has been the city's main square since 1158.

References

Other websites 
 Official site – (in German)
 Marienplatz 360° Panorama

Buildings and structures in Munich