Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Technical details

Power 
Eurostar 373211/373212 on LGV Interconnexion Est, near Chennevières-lès-Louvres, Val d'Oise, France

All Class 373 sets were built as tri-voltage, able to operate on 25 kV 50 Hz AC (LGVs, Eurotunnel, High Speed 1, UK overhead electrified lines) and 3 kV DC (Belgian classic lines) using pantographs, and 750 V DC (UK third rail network) using third-rail pickup shoes. The shoes were retracted when switching to overhead power. After the opening of High Speed 1in 2007, overhead electrification is used throughout and the third rail shoes had been removed. Five of the SNCF-owned sets are quadri-voltage, able to operate from 1,500 V DC (French lignes classiques) in the south of France, used on London–Avignon and ski services.
A Class 373 passes Herne Hill; from 1994 until 2007, Eurostar ran its services to and from London Waterloo/Waterloo International, using the third rail network in Southern England
The trains are powered by asynchronous traction motors. There are four powered axles in each power car and two powered axles in the outer bogie of the front passenger coach (a layout used on the original SNCF TGV Sud-Est (PSE) sets) giving 12 powered axles. Each set draws up to 16MW with 12 MW (16,000 hp) of traction power, but the lowest power-to-weight ratio in the TGV family.

The class uses five different standards of overhead: domestic catenary in each of Belgium, France and the United Kingdom; fixed-height catenary on LGV lines and HS1; and taller catenary in the Channel Tunnel, designed to accommodate double-deck car-carrying trains and roll-on roll-off heavy goods vehicle trains. The driver must manually lower and then raise the pantograph during the transition between catenary systems.

High-speed trains
373
The British Rail Class 375 Electrostar electric multiple unit train was built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Works, from 1999 to 2005. In The Electrostar family, which also includes Classes 357, 376, 377, 378, 379 and 387, is the most numerous type of EMU introduced since the privatisation of British Rail. The trains are operated by Southeastern, along with their Class 377 fleet, on regional and outer suburban services. 

375
Bombardier multiple units
Adtranz multiple units
The Class 376 Suburban Electrostar is a model of electric multiple-unit passenger train manufactured by Bombardier Transportation. It is part of the Electrostar family, which are the most common EMUs introduced since the privatisation of British Rail. The units were ordered by Connex South Eastern, introduced by South Eastern Trains, and are now operated by Southeastern.

376
Bombardier multiple units
The Class 377 Electrostars are electric multiple units built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Works, from 2001-2014. The Electrostar family, which also includes Classes 357, 375, 376, 378, 379 and 387 and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain's railways.

References 

Bombardier multiple units
377
The Class 378 Capitalstar is a type of electric multiple unit used on the London Overground network. The class is derived from the Class 376 trains currently used by Southeastern, and are also part of the Electrostar family, but featuring significant differences. Primarily,  the Class 378 features fully longitudinal seating similar to that used on London Underground rolling stock, which is necessary for the high passenger volume services run on London Overground. The units were constructed by Bombardier Transportation, and were delivered in two separate batches.

The Class 378/0s were delivered as 3-car units with dual-voltage capability. They were extended to 4-car units in 2009–2010.

The Class 378/1s were delivered as 4-car units with third rail capability only. They are used on the East London Line and were previously used on the Watford DC Lines.
In 2014–16, all units had an extra carriage added to increase capacity, making them 5-car units. During the change, extended units carried a blue square on the front and back of the train saying "5 Car Train". These were taken off after all the trains were extended.

References 

378
Bombardier multiple units
London Overground
Future British rail vehicles
Class 380 is the designation given to a class of electric multiple unit train that are used on the national railway network in Scotland, in the United Kingdom.

380
Rail transport in Scotland
The British Class 390 "Pendolino" electric multiple unit is a tilting train built by Fiat Ferroviaria using Fiat tilt systems. Fifty-three 9-car units were built for Virgin Trains from 2001 to 2004. These trains were the last to be assembled at Alstom's Washwood Heath plant, in Birmingham, before it closed in 2005.

390
Tilting trains
the class 395 are  EMUs which run on the High Speed 1 railway line in the United Kingdom.  The trains are the fastest operating domestic service trains in Britain, running at a maximum speed of  they were introduced by operator Southeastern in 2009.

References 

395
High-speed trains
Shinkansen
Future British rail vehicles
The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs in the British television series Doctor Who. They are one of the greatest and longest enemies of the Doctor. Cybermen were originally humanoids from the Earth's twin planet Mondas. The people of Mondas began to put more and more artificial metal parts into their bodies to keep themselves alive, making them cyborgs. This led to the race starting to think logically and calculating, showing no emotions. The Cybermen also turning other people into cyborgs.

They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler (the unofficial scientific advisor to the programme) and Gerry Davis in 1966, first appearing in the serial, The Tenth Planet, which was the last to feature William Hartnell as the First Doctor. They have since been in the show a lot.
A parallel universe version of the Cybermen appeared in the 2006 series in the two-part story, Rise of the Cybermen and The Age of Steel. They also appear in Army Of Ghosts and Doomsday. They also appeared in the spin-off series Torchwood in the episode "Cyberwoman". They would later return to the new series in the 2008 Christmas Special "The Next Doctor", introducing two new types of cyberman; the Cyber-Shades and the Cyber-King.

Physical characteristics
While the Doctor's other old enemies the Daleks did not change during the original series's twenty-six season run, the Cybermen were seen to change with almost every appearance. The Cybermen are humanoid, but have replaced their limbs and other body parts with non-living parts to the point where they don't have many flesh parts. In their first appearance in the series, the only portions of their bodies that still seemed human were their hands, but by their next appearance in The Moonbase (1967), their bodies were entirely covered up in their metal suits, with their hands replaced by two finger claws, but changed back to regular five finger hands in The Invasion (1968). As there are not many of them, the Cybermen often convert humans to cybermen.
It is assumed(and often implied) that there are still human parts beneath their suits, meaning they are actually cyborgs, not robots: in The Tenth Planet, a Cyberman tells a group of humans that "our brains are just like yours", although by the time of Attack of the Cybermen, their brains seem to have been replaced with electronics. In Earthshock (1982), the actors' chins were vaguely visible through a clear perspex area on the helmet to suggest some kind of human face. In The Tomb of the Cybermen (1967), veins were visible through the circular head of the Cyberman Controller and  in Attack of the Cybermen (1985) and "The Age of Steel" (2006), the Cyber-Controller's brain is visible through the dome. The first is a Mondas Cyber Controller, while the second is an alternative cyberman. However, in Revenge of the Cybermen (1975), the Doctor says they are "total machine creatures".
Cybermen have a number of weaknesses over the years. Their biggest weakness is gold. It was not  mentioned that they did not like gold until their attempt to destroy the planetoid Voga (the so-called "Planet of Gold") in Revenge of the Cybermen (1975). Initially, it was explained that, because it is very hard to grind up, gold chokes their respiratory systems. For example, the  However, in later serials, gold appeared to affect them rather like silver affects werewolves, with gold coins or bullets with gold on the edge fired at them having the same effect. The revived series' Cybermen have no weakness to gold.

Costume details 
Nearly all the cyberman costumes were silver in colour and included items and material such as cloth, rubber diving suits, PVC, chest units, tubing, practice golf balls, cricketers' gloves, and silver-painted Doc Martens boots. A BBC Cyberman costume from the black & white era of TV has recently been discovered.
 
They also have guns
The 1980s design used converted flight suits painted silver. Unlike the Doctor's other enemies, the Cybermen have changed a lot in appearance over the years, looking more and more modern, although retaining certain commonalities of design, the most iconic being the "handle bars" attached to Cybermen heads, that were supposed to aid with their hearing, their round eyeholes and their chest units. Completely black-coloured Cybermen were seen briefly in Attack of the Cybermen.
The Cybermen returned in episodes 5 and 6 of the 2006 season of the new series, in a two-part story set on an alternate Earth. The new Cybermen were designed by production designer Edward Thomas's team and Neill Gorton at Millennium FX. The new Cyberman design is tall, in a style reminiscent of Art Deco, with their Cybus Corporation logo on their chests and made to look like burnished steel instead of silver. The other big changes in the Cyberman design is that the Cyber-Controller  had glowing eyes, a transparent forehead revealing the brain, and sockets on its chest-plate providing connectors to other systems.

Voice 
Early Cybermen had an unsettling, sing-song voice, created by changing their voices slightly on syllables which a voice does not normally change. Their mouths opened fully and did not move when they were talking, then their mouths would shut as soon as they stopped talking. However they stopped doing this after their first few appearances.
The voices for the 2006 return of the Cybermen were provided by Nicholas Briggs (who performed the voices for the Cybermen in Big Finish audio stories as well as the Daleks in both the new series and the audio stories). Shown in the season 2 DVD special feature "Confidential Cut Downs," the voice was created by processing Brigg's voice through a voice modulator. The new Cybermen have a blue light in their "mouths" which blinks in synchronisation with their speech.

Cybermats
Cybermats 

The Cybermen also use smaller, cybernetic creatures called "cybermats" to attack. In their first appearance in The Tomb of the Cybermen, they resembled big metal fish and had segmented bodies with hair sensor probes along the base of their heads, which were topped with eyes. The Second Doctor described them as a "form of metallic life,".
    
The second model of cybermat seen in The Wheel in Space was used for sabotage, able to listen to human brainwaves. They were carried to the "Wheel" in small sacs that sank through the walls of the space station, causing drops in air pressure.
    
The third model, seen in Revenge of the Cybermen, was a much larger, snake-like cybermat that could be remotely controlled and could inject poison into its victims.

Cybermats appear in Blood of the Cybermen. They look like flat snakes, and can turn living things into Cyber-Slaves with their poison. They are remote controlled, and are of the new, 3rd race of cybermen. They are Cyber Cats and Dogs.
Major appearances

Television 
 The Tenth Planet
 The Moonbase 
 The Tomb of the Cybermen 
 The Wheel in Space 
 The Invasion	
 Revenge of the Cybermen
 Earthshock 
 The Five Doctors
 Attack of the Cybermen
 Silver Nemesis
 Rise of the Cybermen / The Age of Steel 
 Army of Ghosts / Doomsday 
 The Next Doctor
 The Pandorica Opens

Stage plays 
 Doctor Who - The Ultimate Adventure — Wimbledon Theatre, London (premiere 23 March 1989)
 Doctor Who - Tomb Of The Cybermen — Oxford Brookes University, Oxford (premiere 25 June 1998)

Audio plays 
 The Blue Tooth
 Spare Parts
 The Gathering
 Real Time
 The Reaping
 The Ultimate Adventure
 The Harvest
 Kingdom of Silver & Keepsake
 Sword of Orion 
 Human Resources
 The Girl Who Never Was
 Silver Lining
 The Crystal of Cantus
 Scorpius
 Fear
 Conversion
 Telos
Novels 
 Iceberg by David Banks (Virgin New Adventures)
 Killing Ground by Steve Lyons (Virgin Missing Adventures)
 Illegal Alien by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry (BBC Past Doctor Adventures)
 Made of Steel by Terrance Dicks (Quick Reads Initiative)

Games 
On the BBC website, the Cybus Cybermen appear in two online games, Cyber Assault and Save Paris, both depicting the war between the Cybermen and Preachers on the parallel Earth. The Adventure Games has an episode, Blood of the Cybermen, which feature a 3rd, new race of Cybermen.

Footnotes

References 
 
 
 

Doctor Who

he:דוקטור הו - דמויות#סייברמן
Marlborough is a town in Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom. It is the home of a famous school, Marlborough College. Other notable schools include St. John's Academy and St. Peter's Primary School.

The Dukes of Marlborough take their name from the town, but their seat in near Oxford. 

Towns in Wiltshire
The anatidae are the biological family of birds that includes the ducks, geese and swans.

These birds are common and widespread, and live in or near water. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, on all the world's continents except Antarctica and on most of the world's islands and island groups.

These are birds that are adapted for swimming, floating on the water surface, and in some cases diving. The family has about 146 species in 40 genera. They are usually herbivorous, and are monogamous breeders. A number of species do annual migrations. A few species have been domesticated for agriculture, and many others are hunted for food and recreation. Five species have become extinct since 1600, and others are close to extinction.

References
The Anatinae is a subfamily of the family Anatidae that including swans, geese and ducks.

They are the dabbling ducks. They feed mainly at the surface rather than by diving. The subfamily contains only the dabbling ducks and one relative, the extinct moa-nalos, land ducks which lived on some Hawaiian islands.

References 

Anatidae
The High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is an audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data.  The main use of an HDMI cable is to connect components such as a DVD player to a High-definition television (HDTV).  HDMI is the uncompressed, all-digital standard used for High-Definition (HD) quality for consumer electronics and PC products using a single cable.  It transmits digital video, multi-channel surround sound, and control data through a single cable. It replaces up to eleven older cables with a single connection. It uses the same technology as DVI but is more commonly used, especially for consumer electronics and laptops.

References

Audio technology
Display technology
An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship made for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries. Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move petrochemicals from refineries to points near consuming markets.

Bibliography

Further reading

Other websites 

 Bill Willis. Supertankers
Intertanko - the society of International Tanker Operators 
The International Maritime Organization  - Tanker Safety (for double-hulls)
  - Ship photos of tankers, ULCCs, VLCCs, barges

Ship types
Strehaia is a town in Mehedinţi County, Oltenia, Romania. Around 10,506 people lived in Strehaia in 2011.

References

Strehaia
A heritage railway (United Kingdom), preserved railway (United Kingdom), or tourist railroad (United States and Canada) is a term used for a railway which is run as a tourist attraction, is usually but not always run by volunteers, and seeks to re-create railway scenes of the past. See List of heritage railways.

Rail transport
Chessel is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  It is found in the district of Aigle.

References

Other websites

Chessel
Is the Egyptian idea of the underworld (also called Akert, Amenthes, or Neter-khertet). To the Egyptians, the underworld was divided into sections filled with dangers that the Egyptian Soul had to pass through. This is the same realm that Ra was believed to pass into each night and battle Apophis. The Egyptian Underworld is described in many funerary texts that are found in tombs of mummies, believed to help guide them through death.

Duat is where the famous Weighing of the Heart is displayed. Where the soul, shown as a heart, is weighed on the scales of Anubis against the feather of Ma'at. Ammut was believed to eat the souls of the people whose heart did not match the exact weight of Ma'at's feather. It was thought that the heart itself was then eaten by a lion. 

The Egyptian idea of the underworld influenced many other ideas of afterlife in other cultures. 

Egyptian mythology
Ammit was the Egyptian idea of the punishment of the soul. The name means "devourer" or "soul-eater."Ammit was usually known as 'The Devourer of the Dead' or the 'Eater of Hearts'. Ammit was believed to eat any souls found to have sinned. They would then be digested for eternity in acid. Or, Ammit who was believed to be the guardian of a lake of fire, would place the soul into the liquid fire for all eternity.

Ammit appears as mix of the crocodile, lion, and hippo. Rather than being worshipped, Ammit was feared. She was not viewed as a god, but she was viewed as a good force because she destroyed evil. Although Ammit is seen as a devouring entity, she is neutral and strictly serves at the whim of the other deities to take souls that have sinned against the gods and send them into oblivion. She was known as the crocodile goddess also known as Estriedia.

Ammit was believed to be Anubis's equal but She wanted to enter the real world and devour the souls of the living.
In Popular Culture 
Ammit also intermittently appears as Ammit the Devourer in The Kane Chronicles. In the trilogy, it was kept at bay with Anubis. Ammit was also the antagonist of the television show Moon Knight. 

Egyptian mythology
Ostra is a commune found in Suceava County, Romania.

Ostra
Gyula is a town in Békés county in the south-eastern part of Hungary.

Twin Towns - Sister Cities 
Gyula is twinned with:

Other websites 
  Official site
  The National  Selfgovernance  of The Romanians living in Hungary Center

Cities in Hungary
Bistriţa River can be any of four rivers in Romania:
Bistriţa River (Jiu)
Bistriţa River (Someş) 
Bistriţa River (Siret)
Bistriţa River (Olt)
Gadsden is a city and the county seat of Etowah County, northeastern Alabama, United States, about 60 miles northeast of Birmingham.

References 

County seats in Alabama
Cities in Alabama
Geneva is a city in and the county seat of Geneva County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also the largest city of Geneva County.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Gardendale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, and a northern suburb of Birmingham.

References

Cities in Alabama
Akan is a town in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. 444 people lived there as of the year 2002.

References

Other websites
Town of Akan Official Municipal Website 

Akan
Richland County, Wisconsin
Alban is a town in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. 897 people lived there as of the year 2000.

References

Towns in Wisconsin
Portage County, Wisconsin
Guntersville is a city in Marshall County, Alabama, United States and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. At the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,553. The city is the county seat of Marshall County.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Guin is a city in Marion County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,195.

On April 3, 1974, Guin was devastated by an F5 tornado during the Super Outbreak, the largest tornado outbreak on record. The death toll in Guin was 30, which, at the time, was 11% of the population.

References

Cities in Alabama
Greenville is a city in Butler County, Alabama, United States.  At the 2020 census, the population was 7,374. The city is the county seat of Butler County.  It is called the Camellia City, the state flower of Alabama.

Climate
The city of Greenville has an average high temperature of 77.30 degrees and an average low temperature of 53.80 degrees Fahrenheit. The city averages 4.80 inches of precipitation per month.

Law and government
The local government of Greenville is run by the Mayor and City Council. The city council has five members.

Recreation and culture
The city's residents were on the first episode of the ABC reality/game show series My Kind of Town, on Sunday, August 14, 2005.

Greenville is the location of a Robert Trent Jones-designed golf course, Cambrian Ridge.  The clubhouse for the golf course is on the highest point in Butler County.

Greenville is home to Sherling Lake Park and Campground which has 41 campsites and surrounds two lakes.
Greenville is also the home of the Watermelon Jubilee, a local arts and crafts exposition held each year in the month of August. Every year in September, the city hosts the Butler County Fair. Also, during the fall, Greenville hosts Old Time Farm Day which features activities such as tractor races, blacksmithing and quilting demonstrations.

Notable residents/natives
Beth Chapman, the incumbent Secretary of State of Alabama
Leon Crenshaw, NFL player
Thomas H. Watts, the eighteenth governor of Alabama
Hank Williams, Sr.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Greensboro is a city in Hale County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,218. The city is the county seat of Hale County. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Graysville is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 1,950.

References

Cities in Alabama
Goodwater is a city in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 1,291. It is part of the Alexander City Micropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Towns in Alabama
Glencoe is a city in Calhoun and Etowah Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is part of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census the population was 5,372.

References

Cities in Alabama
Albany is a town in Green County, Wisconsin, United States. 775 people lived here as of the year 2000.

Other websites
Official web site for the town 
Maps, weather, and airports for the town

Albany
Green County, Wisconsin
Albany is a town in Pepin County, Wisconsin, United States. 620 people lived here as of the year 2000.

References

Albany
Pepin County, Wisconsin
Albion is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. 1,823 people lived there as of the year 2000.

References

Albion
Dane County, Wisconsin
Reedy Creek Observatory is an observatory for looking at Near-Earth objects.  It is run by John Broughton, an Australian astronomer.  It can be found on the Gold Coast, Queensland at Reedy Creek, Queensland.

Other websites
Broughton's Website for the Reedy Creek Observatory, Including His Software 

Reedy Creek
Buildings and structures in Queensland
Prescott Observatory is an observatory that is used by Paul G. Comba.  He looks at Near-Earth objects through a telescope.  Many asteroids have been found at Prescott Observatory.

Prescott
Buildings and structures in Arizona
Samson is a city in Geneva County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census the population was 1,874.

References

Cities in Alabama
Saraland is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, in the United States.  It is a suburb of Mobile, Alabama, and part of the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 16,171. Saraland is the third largest city in Mobile County.

References

Cities in Alabama
Satsuma is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 6,749.  It is a part of the Mobile metropolitan statistical area.

References

Cities in Alabama
Scottsboro is a city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 15,578. Named for its founder Robert Scott, the city is the county seat of Jackson County.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Selma is a city in and the county seat of Dallas County, Alabama, United States, located on the banks of the Alabama River.  The population was 17,971 at the 2020 census.  The city is best known for the Selma to Montgomery marches, three civil rights marches that began in the city.

Notable residents
Jeff Sessions, U.S. Senator

References

County seats in Alabama
Sheffield is a city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States, and is included in The Shoals MSA. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 9,403. Sheffield is the birthplace of notable attorney, actor, former senator and presidential contender Fred Thompson.

References

Cities in Alabama
Slocomb is a city in Geneva County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census the population was 2,082.  The community is named after postmaster, Frank W. Slocomb.

References

Cities in Alabama
Smiths Station is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is a part of the Auburn Metropolitan Area, but is more closely tied to the Columbus, Georgia-Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cities in Alabama
Stevenson is a city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 1,955.

References

Cities in Alabama
Spanish Fort is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. It is on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay.

References

Cities in Alabama
Southside is a city in Etowah county in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is part of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 9,426 at the 2020 census.

References

Cities in Alabama
Sulligent is a city in Lamar County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,879.

References

Cities in Alabama
Sumiton is a city in Jefferson and Walker Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2020 census the population was 2,444.

References

Cities in Alabama
Sylacauga is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 12,578.

References

Cities in Alabama
Sadova is a commune found in Suceava County, Romania.

Sadova
Fireflight is an American Christian rock band which originated from Eustis, Florida. The band formed in 1999.

References

Christian rock bands
American rock bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Florida
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Teasc is a commune of Dolj County, Romania. 3,360 people live in Teasc.

Communes in Dolj County
Christian rock is a type of rock music that is performed by Christians. It often has lyrics and themes dealing with Christianity.

Christian rock started as "Jesus music" and piano in church but has become a form of modern music that has become more popular. Some Christian rock bands such as Switchfoot and P.O.D. have become popular even with fans who are not Christians.
Some Christians do not like the idea of this type of music and think rock in any form is a work of the Devil.

Other bands in this genre include Skillet, Fireflight and Red. There are many more.

Christian music
Rock music
Michael Howe (1787 – 21 October 1818) was a famous bushranger in Tasmania, Australia. He called himself the "Lieutenant Governor of the Woods". He kept a written record of his thoughts in a book he called "The Journal of Dreams".

Early life
Howe was born in Pontefract, Yorkshire, in 1787. He joined the merchant navy at Hull. After a short while he ran away and joined the Royal Navy. He deserted (left without permission) the navy after two years. He had his own small boat and carried coal. In 1811 Howe was arrested at York and charged with highway robbery. He was sentenced to seven years in Van Diemen's Land.
Convict
Howe arrived in Hobart on October on the convict ship Indefatigable. He was sent to work for John Ingle, who had once been the Supervisor of Convicts. He was now a farmer and merchant. Howe soon escaped and went into the bush. He joined up with a large group of escaped convicts who had become bushrangers (robbers). The gang of 28 was led by John Whitehead. It included two soldiers (who had deserted) and two aboriginal women.
Bushranger
The bushrangers robbed a lot of houses and farms around New Norfolk. On April 25, 1815, the gang went to the house of a Mr.Carlisle. Carlisle and his friends went out to stop the gang from stealing a boat. Carlisle was shot dead, and his neighbour, Mr.O'Birne, was badly wounded. O'Birne died a few days later. The gang returned to New Norfolk in May 1815, to rob more houses. They met a group of soldiers and John Whitehead was shot and killed. To claim a reward for killing a bushranger, the body had to be identified. To stop people from claiming a reward for their capture, Howe and Whitehead had made a promise to each other. This would be to cut the head off whoever was killed first so no one would know who it was. As soon as Whitehead was shot, his head was cut off by Howe and hidden in the bush.
Leader of the bushrangers
After Whitehead's death, Howe became leader of the gang of bushrangers. He set up the gang as if they were on board a ship. Gang members could be punished if they broke the gang's rules. Punishment included having to cut and carry firewood, and even included being lashed (whipped). Howe would read to them from the Bible. He wrote letters to Governor Davey. In 1816 he signed the letters as "Lieutentant Governor of the Woods." In 1817 he began calling himself the "Governor of the Ranges." He was living with an aboriginal woman, called "Black Mary." Members of the gang were known to be James Garry, Peter Septon, George Jones, Richard Colier, John Chapman, Thomas Coyne, James Parker, Mathew Kegan, John Brown and Nenis Curry. The gang continued to rob people at Green Point, Coal River, and Bagdad.
Surrender
In 1817, Howe wrote to Governor William Sorell and offered to give himself up in return for a free pardon (not be put in gaol for any crimes). He offered to tell the government where all the gang members could be found. He was put into Hobart gaol while he was being questioned about the gang. He escaped while being taken for a walk through Hobart to get fresh air. He went back and rejoined the gang. Governor Lachlan Macquarie in Sydney stopped the pardon, and told Sorell to put more effort in to capture Howe. Sorell offered money, a free pardon and a return to England for anyone that captured Howe.
The gang breaks up
The hunt for the bushrangers became more organized. John Chapman and a man called Elliot were shot dead by the soldiers in 1817.  A gang member called Hillier cut Peter Septon's head off to claim a reward. He also tried to cut off Richard Colier's head. Both men were hurt in the struggle. Hillier was taken to Sydney where he was executed by hanging. Colier was executed in Hobart on March 26, 1818. In April, 1818, a group of convicts tried to steal a government boat. They were going to rescue Howe and take him to America. John Brown, James Parker, Thomas Coyne and Mathew Kegan gave themselves up to the military. They were all taken to Newcastle, New South Wales where they were given the lash (whipped) and sent to gaol.
Captured
In September 1818, a group came from Sydney to join in the hunt for Howe. They wanted the reward. One member of the group was the famous aboriginal tracker, Mosquito. They nearly caught him. They did get his guns and his knapsack (a backpack). In the knapsack they found his "Journal of Dreams". It was a book made from kangaroo skin and Howe had written in it using kangaroo blood as ink. In it Howe wrote about his fear of being killed by the aborigines, his dreams of his sister, and lists of vegetables and flowers he would grow in a house in the forest. As he escaped, Howe thought Black Mary was slowing him down, so he tried to shoot her.
On October 10, Howe was captured by two people he knew and trusted, Watts and Drewe. He managed to untie himself and stabbed Watts and shot Drewe dead. Watts died later from the injuries. On October 21, 1818, Black Mary led another two men,  a convict, Thomas Worrall, and a soldier, William Pugh, to where Howe was hiding near the Shannon River. Worrall had been a sailor who had been sent to Van Diemen's Land for his part in the naval mutiny at the Nore (mouth of the Thames) in 1797. He wanted the reward so he could be free and return to England. All the men shot at each other, but after a fierce fight, Pugh and Worrall bashed Howe to death with their muskets (guns).

Howe was buried by the river, but his head was taken back to Hobart where it was put on public display.
Australian first
Much of the information comes from a book by Governor Sorell's secretary, Thomas Wells. The book was called Michael Howe, the Last and Worst of the Bushrangers of Van Diemen's Land and printed in 1818 in Hobart. This was the first work of general literature printed in Australia.

References

1787 births
1818 deaths
Bushrangers
People from West Yorkshire
Neil Ellwood Peart (September 12, 1952 – January 7, 2020) was a Canadian musician. He was best known as the drummer and lyricist for the rock band Rush.  He was also an author of 4 books, including Ghost Rider, a book about his life after both his daughter and his wife died within a year of each other.  

He won many awards for his drumming, and was a guest star as himself in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force movie.

Peart died from glioblastoma, which is a type of brain cancer, on January 7, 2020, in Santa Monica, California. He was 67.

References

Other websites
Official website

Canadian drummers
Canadian songwriters
1952 births
2020 deaths
People from Hamilton
Writers from Ontario
Musicians from Ontario
There are 375 communes in the Sarthe département,  in France.

Sarthe
Aigné is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Aillières-Beauvoir is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Allonnes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the north west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Amné is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Ancinnes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Arçonnay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Ardenay-sur-Mérize is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Arnage is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Arthezé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Asnières-sur-Vègre is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Assé-le-Boisne is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Assé-le-Riboul is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Aubigné-Racan is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Auvers-le-Hamon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Auvers-sous-Montfaucon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Avesnes-en-Saosnois is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Avessé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Avezé is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in west France.

Communes in Sarthe
Avoise is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Ballon is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Ballon-Saint-Mars.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Bazouges-sur-le-Loir is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Bazouges Cré sur Loir.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Beaufay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Beaumont-Pied-de-Boeuf is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References

Communes in Sarthe
Beaumont-sur-Dême is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Beaumont-sur-Sarthe is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Beillé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Berfay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Bernay-en-Champagne is a former commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Bernay-Neuvy-en-Champagne.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Bérus is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Bessé-sur-Braye is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Sarthe department

References

Other websites

Communes in Sarthe
Béthon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Blèves is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Boëssé-le-Sec is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Bonnétable is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Bouër is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Bouloire is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Bourg-le-Roi is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Bousse is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Brains-sur-Gée is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in west France.

References

Communes in Sarthe
Brette-les-Pins is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Sarthe department

References

Communes in Sarthe
Briosne-lès-Sables is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Brûlon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Cérans-Foulletourte is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Chahaignes is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Challes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Champagné is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Champfleur is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Champrond is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Changé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Sarthe
Chantenay-Villedieu is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Chassé is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Since 2015, it became a part of the new commune of Villeneuve-en-Perseigne.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Chassillé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Sources

Communes in Sarthe
Château-du-Loir is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 October 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montval-sur-Loir.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Château-l'Hermitage is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Chaufour-Notre-Dame is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Chemiré-en-Charnie is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References

Communes in Sarthe
Chemiré-le-Gaudin is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Chenay is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in west France.

Communes in Sarthe
Chenu is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Chérancé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Chérisay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Cherré is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cherré-Au.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Cherreau is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cherré-Au.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Chevillé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Clermont-Créans is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Cogners is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Commerveil is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Sarthe department

References

INSEE

Communes in Sarthe
Conflans-sur-Anille is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Congé-sur-Orne is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Conlie is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Connerré is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Contilly is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Cormes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References

Communes in Sarthe
Coudrecieux is a commune; it is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Coulaines is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Coulans-sur-Gée is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Coulombiers is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Fresnay-sur-Sarthe.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Coulongé is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References

Communes in Sarthe
Courcebœufs is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Courcelles-la-Forêt is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Courcemont is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Courcival is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Courdemanche is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

References 

Communes in Sarthe
Courgains is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Courgenard is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Sarthe department

References

Communes in Sarthe
Courtillers is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Crannes-en-Champagne is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Cré is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Bazouges Cré sur Loir.

References 

Former communes in Sarthe
Crissé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe
Crosmières is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Communes in Sarthe