Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Side three
"Higher Ground" (from Innervisions) — 3:46
"Sir Duke" (from Songs in the Key of Life) — 3:52
 Steve Madaio, Raymond Maldonado - trumpets; Trevor Laurence, Hank Redd - saxophones; Michael Sembello - lead guitar; Benjamin Bridges - rhythm guitar; Nathan Watts - bass; Raymond Pounds - drums
"Master Blaster (Jammin')" (from Hotter Than July) — 5:08
 Larry Gittens - trumpet; Trevor Laurence - saxophone; Isaiah Sanders - organ; Benjamin Bridges, Rick Zunigar - electric guitars; Nathan Watts - bass; Dennis Davis - drums; Earl DeRouen - percussion; Shirley Brewer, Alexandra Brown Evans, Marva Holcom, Angela Winbush - vocals
"Boogie On Reggae Woman" (with intro not included on Fulfillingness' First Finale) — 4:55
 Rocky Dzidzornu] - congas
"That Girl" — 5:15
Side four
"I Wish" (from Songs in the Key of Life) — 4:12
 Steve Madaio, Raymond Maldonado - trumpets; Trevor Laurence, Hank Redd - saxophones; Nathan Watts - bass; Raymond Pounds - drums; Renee Hardaway - vocals
"Isn't She Lovely" (from Songs in the Key of Life) — 6:32
 Greg Phillinganes - keyboards; Brenda Barrett, Shirley Brewer, Colleen Carleton, Carole Cole, Nelson Hayes, Dave Henson, Artece May, Edna Orso, Josette Valentino - handclaps
"Do I Do" — 10:27
 Clifton Anderson, Robert Eldgridge, Eugene Ghee, Larry Gittens, Virgil Jones, Earl McIntyre, J.D. Parran, Victor Paz, Janice Robinson, Robert Rutledge, Anthony Tooley, Frank Wess, Alfred Wilson, Britt Woodman, Lorenzo Wyche - horns; Dizzy Gillespie - trumpet; Isaiah Sanders - fender rhodes; Benjamin Bridges, Rick Zunigar - electric guitars; Nathan Watts - bass; Dennis Davis - drums; Earl DeRouen - percussion; Wendy Barnes, Shirley Brewer, Alexandra Brown, Melody McCully - vocals; Paul Riser - string section arrangements

References
References

1982 albums
Greatest hits albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
The Woman in Red: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the second soundtrack album released by American musician Stevie Wonder on the Motown label on August 28, 1984. Wonder's first soundtrack album Stevie Wonder's Journey through the Secret Life of Plants had been released five years before The Woman in Red.

Reviews

The Woman in Red received positive reviews from critics.

Track listing
All songs written by Stevie Wonder, except "It's More Than You" by Ben Bridges.

"The Woman in Red" - 4:39
"It's You" (With Dionne Warwick) - 4:55
"It's More Than You" (Instrumental) - 3:15
"I Just Called to Say I Love You" - 6:16
"Love Light in Flight" - 6:54
"Moments Aren't Moments" (Solo by Dionne Warwick) - 4:32
"Weakness" (With Dionne Warwick) - 4:13
"Don't Drive Drunk" - 6:33

References

1984 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
A smoke sensor or smoke detector is a device that can detect smoke, which may be an indicator of a fire. There are two basic systems: Simple, standalone sensors usually make a sound or flash a light when they detect smoke. More sophisticated sensors usually send a signal to an fire alarm panel, or system. Most smoke detectors use either an optical sensor, or they use a physical process called ionization. Many simple smoke sensors use batteries. Very often dead batteries are not replaced; when this happens, the smoke sensors stop working.  But, the detector may "chirp" when the battery is low to try and stop this from happening. There are also systems which are directly connected to electrical power; these may use batteries just as a backup.
Smoke detectors are housed in plastic enclosures, typically shaped like a disk about  in diameter and  thick, but shape and size vary. Smoke can be detected either  optically (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization); detectors may use either, or both, methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking in areas where it is banned. Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial, and residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by the building power with a battery backup. Domestic smoke detectors range from individual battery-powered units, to several interlinked mains-powered units with battery backup; with these interlinked units, if any unit detects smoke, all trigger even if household power has gone out.

Design
Design

Photoelectric
Photoelectric smoke detectors rely on detecting a lack of light to set the alarm off. The light used could be infrared, visible light, or ultraviolet. When smoke blocks out the light inside a photoelectric smoke detector, the smoke detector detects that there is less light. Below a certain brightness, whether or not it comes from smoke or not, the photoelectric smoke detector will beep.

Ionization
Ionization smoke detectors use radioactive elements to ionize the air. Alpha particles are released from the radioactive element onto air particles so that those air particles become charged. An ionization smoke detector will detect smoke if there is a change in voltage. If smoke enters the smoke detector, some of the alpha particles will attach to the smoke instead of the air particles. This will change the voltage inside the smoke detector, so the smoke detector will beep.
Ionization smoke detectors are cheaper than photoelectric smoke detectors, but they cause more false alarms than photoelectric smoke detectors. Additionally, ionization smoke detectors are slower to react in real house fires.

References

Safety
In Square Circle is the twentieth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was released on September 13, 1985 by Tamla. It is his first studio since 1980's Hotter Than July.

Track listing
All songs written, produced and arranged by Stevie Wonder.
Side one
"Part-Time Lover" – 4:09
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, synthesizers, drums
Luther Vandross – lead vocal, background vocal
Syreeta Wright – background vocal
Philip Bailey - background vocal
*Keith John - background vocal
Melody McCully, Billy Durham, Peter Byrne, Renee Hardaway, Darryl Phinnessee - background vocal
"I Love You Too Much" – 5:30
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, synthesizers, drums, percussion
"Whereabouts" – 4:17
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, synthesizers, drums, percussion
Keith John - background vocal
Darryl Phinnessee - background vocal
Deniece Williams - background vocal
Howard Smith - background vocal
"Stranger on the Shore of Love" – 5:01
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, synthesizers, drums, harpsichord, accordion
"Never in Your Sun" – 4:07
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, synthesizers, drums, percussion, harmonica
Side two
"Spiritual Walkers" – 5:12
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer, drums, percussion
Edwin Birdsong - Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer
Larry Gittens - trumpet
Bob Malach - saxophone
Janice Moore, Cheta Akins, Carolyn Garrett, Ruthell Holmes, Kay Gibbs, Valencia Cox - background vocal
"Land of La La" – 5:14
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, synthesizers, electric piano, percussion, drums
Ben Bridges – guitar
Rick Zunigar - guitar
Renee Hardaway - background vocal
"Go Home" – 5:18
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, synthesizers, drums, vocoder
Bob Malach – saxophone
Larry Gittens - trumpet
"Overjoyed" – 3:42
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, acoustic piano, environmental percussion (incl.: crickets, bird sounds, ocean, pebbles in pond, stone dropped, crushing leaves), Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer
Earl Klugh - guitar
Paul Riser - string arrangement
"It's Wrong (Apartheid)" – 6:52 
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, synthesizers, drums, percussion, kora
References

1985 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Characters is the twenty-first studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder released on November 6, 1987 by Motown. He performed a song on the album called "Get It" with R&B singer-songwriter Michael Jackson.

Reviews

Characters received generally positive reviews from critics.

Track listing
All songs written by Stevie Wonder except where noted.
Side one
"You Will Know" - 5:00
"Dark 'n' Lovely" (Gary Byrd, Wonder) - 4:39
"In Your Corner" - 4:30
"With Each Beat of My Heart" - 5:28
"One of a Kind" - 5:10
Side two
"Skeletons" - 5:24
"Get It" (featuring Michael Jackson) - 4:31
"Galaxy Paradise" - 3:52
"Cryin' Through the Night" - 5:48
"Free" - 4:12
CD Bonus tracks
 "Come Let Me Make Your Love Come Down" (featuring B.B. King & Stevie Ray Vaughan) - 5:20
"My Eyes Don't Cry" - 7:05

References

1987 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Quiet storm albums
Jungle Fever a soundtrack album by American musician Stevie Wonder to Spike Lee's movie Jungle Fever. It was released by Motown Records on May 28, 1991. It is Wonder's third soundtrack album and the music on the album was very "urban" as they had influences from new jack swing, hip hop as well as R&B and soul.

Critical reception 

Jungle Fever received mixed reviews from critics. While some thought it was unappealing, others said it was his best work in years. A critic said he hadn't so freewilling since Hotter Than July.

Track listing
All songs written by Stevie Wonder, except "Chemical Love", lyrics by Stephanie Andrews.

"Fun Day" – 4:41
"Queen in the Black" – 4:46
"These Three Words" – 4:54
"Each Other's Throat" – 4:17
"If She Breaks Your Heart" (sung by Kimberly Brewer) – 5:03
"Gotta Have You" – 6:26
"Make Sure You're Sure" – 3:30
"Jungle Fever" – 4:55
"I Go Sailing" – 3:58
"Chemical Love" – 4:26
"Lighting Up the Candles" – 4:09

References

1991 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
New jack swing albums
The members of Triatominae are a subfamily of Reduviidae. They are also called kissing bugs, conenose bugs, assassin bugs or triatomines. There are more than 130 species in this subfamily. Most of them feed on vertebrate blood. A few species feed on other invertebrates. They are mainly found in the Americas. There are a few species in Asia, Australia and Africa. 

Some of the bugs carry the Chagas disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, only those species (such as Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus) well adapted to living with humans are considered important vectors.

References

Hemiptera
Donald Crisp (born George William Crisp, 27 July 188225 May 1974) was an English-born American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. He began his career as a silent movie actor. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1942 for his role in How Green Was My Valley.

References

Other websites

Academy Award winning actors
1882 births
1974 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Naturalized citizens of the United States
English movie actors
English stage actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from London
Movie directors from London
Movie producers from London
Screenwriters from London
Martin Karplus (born March 15, 1930) is an Austrian-born American theoretical chemist. He is the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University. He is also Director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory. He is of Jewish descent.

Karplus received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".

References

Other websites

 Martin Karplus academic genealogy and list of PhD & Postdoc trainees
 Publications
 Karplus research group at Harvard University
 Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory at University of Strasbourg 
 Biography at Michigan State University website 
 Martin Karplus photography website
 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
1930 births
Living people
American chemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Austrian Nobel Prize winners
Austrian Jews
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Vienna
Harvard University faculty
Educators from Virginia
Ezzatolah Entezami (, June 21, 1924 – August 17, 2018) was an Iranian actor. He was born in Tehran, Iran. His first role was as Masht Hassan in the 1969 movie The Cow. He later appeared in many movies such as Mr. Naive, Hamoun, and in 40 Years Old. He also appeared in the television series Hezar Dastan.

Entezami died in Tehran on August 17, 2018 from complications of a stroke at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
 
 An interview with Ezzatollah Entezami in connection with the recently produced biopic "... and the Blue Sky", directed by Ghazaleh Soltani and produced by Ghasem Gholipour, Mehr News Agency, 21 November 2010,   (in Persian). Photo reportage of the interview:  .

1924 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Actors from Tehran
Mohamad Ali Keshavarz (, April 15, 1930 – June 14, 2020) was an Iranian movie and theater actor. He was born in Isfahan, Iran. He was known for his role in the television series Hezar Dastan. He also appeared in movies such as Shabe Quzi, Mr. Naive, and in Del Shodegan.

Keshavarz died from a lung infection on June 14, 2020 in Tehran, aged 90.

References

Other websites

 Naghsh Āfarin-i az Esfahan (A Character Actor from Esfahan), in Persian, Jadid Online, 27 January 2009, .A series of photographs of Mohammad-Ali Keshavarz, old and new, Jadid Online: .

1930 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Iranian movie actors
Jamshid Mashayekhi (, 26 November 1934 – 2 April 2019) was an Iranian actor. He was born in Tehran, Iran. Mashayekhi was known for his roles in The Cow, Kaiser, and in Adobe and Mirror. He appeared in the television series Hezar Dastan.

Mashayekhi died on 2 April 2019 at a hospital in Tehran from pneumonia complicated by laryngeal cancer, aged 84.

References

Other websites

Celebrating 50-year acting career of Jamshid Mashayekhi, BBC 

1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from laryngeal cancer
Actors from Tehran
Hezar Dastan or Hezār Dastān () was a very popular Iranian television series that ran from 1979 through 1987. It is considered toto be one of the greatest television series in Iran. It is set in a fictional town in Iran called Hezar Dastan. It was directed by Ali Hatami. It stars Ezzatolah Entezami, Jamshid Mashayekhi, Mohammad-Ali Keshavarz and Ali Nassirian.

Other websites
 

1979 television series debuts
1987 television series endings
Persian culture
Ali Nassirian (, born 4 February 1935) is an Iranian movie and theater actor. He was born in Tehran, Iran. His career began in 1947 and would last until his retirement in 2008. Nassirian was known for his role in the popular Iranian television series Hezar Dastan (1979-1987). He also appeared in movies such as The Mandrake (1975), Kamalolmolk (1983), Captain Khorshid (1987), and Iron Island (2005).

References

Other websites

1935 births
Living people
Actors from Tehran
Sterling Price Holloway Jr. (January 4, 1905 – November 22, 1992) was an American actor and voice actor who appeared in over 100 films and 40 television shows. He was also a voice actor for The Walt Disney Company, well known for his distinctive tenor voice and is perhaps best remembered as the original voice of Winnie the Pooh in the Winnie the Pooh franchise and as Mr. Stork in Dumbo, Adult Flower in Bambi, the Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland, Kaa in The Jungle Book, and Roquefort in The Aristocats.

Filmography

Feature films
Casey at the Bat (1927)
American Madness (1932)
Blonde Venus (1932)
Faithless (1932)
Rockabye (1932)
Lawyer Man (1932)
Hard to Handle (1933)
Blondie Johnson (1933)
Fast Workers (1933)
Wild Boys of the Road (1933)
Hell Below (1933)
Elmer, the Great (1933)
Picture Snatcher (1933)
Adorable (1933)
International House (1933)
Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933)
Professional Sweetheart (1933)
When Ladies Meet (1933)
Wild Boys of The Road (1933)
Dancing Lady (1933)
Advice To The Lovelorn (1933)
Going Hollywood (1933)
Alice in Wonderland (1933)
Tomorrow's Children (1934)
The Cat & The Fiddle (1934)
Strictly Dynamite (1934)
Operator 13 (1934)
Murder In The Private Car (1934)
The Back Page (1934)
Down to Their Last Yacht (1934)
Gift of Gab (1934)
The Merry Widow (1934)
Girl o' My Dreams (1934)
A Wicked Woman (1934)
Tomorrow's Youth (1935)
Lottery Lover (1935)
Life Begins At Forty (1935)
Doubting Thomas (1935)
I Live My Life (1935)
1,000 Dollars A Minute (1935)
Rendezvous (1935)
Palm Springs (1936)
Career Woman (1936)
Career Woman (1936)
Join the Marines (1937)
Maid of Salem (1937)
When Love Is Young (1937)
The Woman I Love (1937)
Varsity Show (1937)
Behind The Mike (1937)
Of Human Hearts (1938)
Dr. Rhythm (1938)
Held Hor Ransom (1938)
Professor Beware (1938)
Spring Madness (1938)
St. Louis Blues (1939)
Nick Carter, Master Detective (1939)
Remember the Night (1940)
The Blue Bird (1940)
Hit Parade of 1941 (1940)
Street of Memories (1940)
Little Men (1940)
Cheers for Miss Bishop (1941)
Meet John Doe (1941)
 The Great Awakening (1941)
Top Sergeant Mulligan (1941)
Dumbo (1941) Mr. Stork (voice) 
Look Who's Laughing (1941)
Don't Get Personal (1942)
The Lady Is Willing (1942)
Bambi (1942) Adult Flower (voice)
Iceland (1942)
Here We Go Again (1942)
Star Spangled Rhythm (1942)
The Three Caballeros (1944) (voice)
Wildfire (1945)
A Walk in the Sun (1945)
Make Mine Music (1946; voice role)
Death Valley (1946)
Sioux City Sue (1946)
Her Wonderful Lie (1947)
Trail to San Antone (1947)
Twilight on the Rio Grande (1947)
Saddle Pals (1947)
Robin Hood of Texas (1947)
The Beautiful Blonde from Bashful Bend (1949)
Alice in Wonderland (1951; voice role as "The Cheshire Cat") 
Kentucky Rifle (1956)
Alakazam the Great (1960) (voice)
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1960)
My Six Loves (1963)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963; cameo)
Batman (1966; scenes deleted)
The Jungle Book (1967; voice role as "Kaa") 
Live a Little, Love a Little (1968)
The Aristocats (1970; voice role as "Roquefort the Mouse") 
Cries (1975) (documentary; narrator)
Super Seal (1976)
Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977; voice role as  Winnie the Pooh) 
Thunder & Lightning (1977)
The Battling Kangaroo (1926)
The Girl from Everywhere (1927)
The Girl from Nowhere (1928)
One Track Minds (1933)
Not the Marrying Kind (1933)
Meeting Mazie (1933)
Born April First (1934)
Pleasing Grandpa (1934)
Picnic Perils (1934)
Sterling's Rival Romeo (1934)
Father Knows Best (1935)
My Girl Sally (1935)
Bring 'Em Back A Lie (1935)
Boy Meets Dog (1938) (voice)
The Pelican & The Snipe (1944) (voice)
The Cold-Blooded Penguin (1944) (voice)
Unusual Occupations L-5-2 (1945)
Peter & The Wolf (1946) (voice)
Moron Than Off (1946)
Scooper Dooper (1947)
Hectic Honeymoon (1947)
Speaking of Animals No. Y7-1: Dog Crazy (1947)
Mickey and the Beanstalk (1947)
Man or Mouse (1948)
Flat Feat (1948)
Lambert the Sheepish Lion (1952) (voice)
Susie the Little Blue Coupe (1952) (voice)
The Little House (1952) (voice)
Ben and Me (1953) (voice)
Goliath II (1960) (voice)
Man, Monsters & Mysteries (1973) (voice)
Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1966) (voice)
Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1969) (voice)
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too! (1974) (voice)
Television
The Adventures of Superman - The Machine That Could Plot Crimes (1952-54; 3 episodes) 
The Life of Riley (1953–58) - as Waldo Binny
The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet - episode "Pancake Mix" as the grocery man
Willy (1955)
Our Mr. Sun (1956; voice role only) 
Hemo the Magnificent (1957)
The Real McCoys - episode "The Jinx" (1960), as Orval McCoy
Zane Grey Theatre - episode "Blood Red" (1961), as Luther
The Andy Griffith Show - episode "The Merchant of Mayberry", as Bert, a traveling salesman (1962)
Hazel (TV series) - "The Retiring Milkman" Season 3, Episode 13, as Claude the Milkman (1963) 
The Twilight Zone - episode "What's in the Box", as the dæmonic television repairman (1964)
The Restless Sea (1964)
Burke's Law (episode 28, "Who Killed Annie Foran?"; 1964)
The Baileys of Balboa (1964–65)
That Girl (episode 14, "Phantom of the Horse Opera"; 1966)
F-Troop - as the Sheriff in the episode "Wilton the Kid" (1966)
Gilligan's Island (1967) - as Burt, a prisoner with a homing pigeon
Tony the Pony - as GG the Wizard (1976)
Tukiki and His Search for a Merry Christmas (1979; voice)
Moonlighting - episode "Atomic Shakespeare" (1986; narrator)
Sources
 Rothel, David. 1984. Those Great Cowboy Sidekicks. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey;

Other websites

Disney Legends
New Georgia Encyclopedia: Sterling Holloway 
"A Perfect Day" by Carrie Jacobs-Bond sung by Sterling Holloway: 

1905 births
1992 deaths
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
American military personnel of World War II
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
Disney actors
Disney people
Grammy Award winners
Ghana National Farmers' Day is a national holiday in the Republic of Ghana. It is an annual celebration of farmers and fishermen, celebrated on the first Friday of December.

Background
Every year, Ghana acknowledges farmers and fishermen's efforts for the following reasons:
 Working hard to feed a growing population.
 Providing raw materials to the nation's industries.
 Contributing to the nation's foreign exchange earnings.

Observance
On National Farmers' Day, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in Ghana gives special awards to deserving farmers and fishermen based on their practices and output. Also, a National Farmers Forum takes place for award winners to meet with policy makers.

Agriculture in Africa
Agriculture is essential for African growth. It employs 65 percent of Africa's labor force and accounts for 32 percent of gross domestic product.

References 

Ghana
Holidays
Agriculture
The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China insist sole legitimacy of China against each other. Practically, the former is administering Mainland China and the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau and the latter is administering the Taiwan area.

Mainland China

Inner Mongolia

 Ethnic group: Mongolian
 Proposed state: Republic of South Mongol 
 Political parties: Inner Mongolian People's Party (member of the UNO), Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance, Mongolian Liberal Union Party

Tibet Autonomous Region

 Ethnic group: Tibetan
 Proposed state:  Tibet
 Government-in-exile: Lobsang Sangay, Head of the Tibetan Government in Exile (member of the UNO)
 Political parties: International Tibet Independence Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet
 Advocacy group: Students for a Free Tibet, Tibetan Youth Congress, International Campaign for Tibet
Xinjiang Autonomous Region
 Ethnic group: Uyghur
 Proposed state:  East Turkestān 
 Political parties: Uyghurstan Independence Movement
 Militant organisations: East Turkestan Islamic Movement, Uyghurstan National Front
 Advocacy groups: World Uyghur Congress (member of the UNO)

Special administrative regions

Hong Kong
 Proposed state: Republic of Hong Kong 
 Advocacy group: Hong Kong Independence Party

Taiwan area 

Taiwan

Proposed state:  Republic of Taiwan
 Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party)

In perspective of the laws of the Republic of China, the Taiwan Independence movement is considered as secessionism, but practically, the movement seeks to replace the ROC with the Republic of Taiwan because Taiwan area is the only practical region administered by the ROC.
In perspective of the laws of the People's Republic of China, the Taiwan Independence movement is considered as secessionism, too because the PRC considers the Taiwan area as its integral part as a rogue province.

Related pages 
Movies banned in China

References

Other websites
 

Politics of China
National liberation movements
The party was formed on December 28, 1989 under the Chairmanship of Nawaz Khan Naji. The first time reorganized in July 30 1993. In 1947 at the time of Independence of Pakistan the people of the area were predominantly Shia Muslims.  However over the years the ethnic composition has been changed  as sunni Kashmiri and other Pakistanis have settled in this area leading to discontent - although Shias remain the outright majority. A 2008 report by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees determined that Pakistan-administered Kashmir, which included Gilgit-Baltistan, was 'Not Free'. In 2009 as part of Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order Act of 2009, the region was granted self-rule for the first time with an elected legislature in its history, despite protests from the Republic of India it asserts that Gilgit-Baltistan is a part of the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu which they regard it as so-called an 'integral part' of India
. which illegally regards the disputed region as Indian territory.
References

B
Mad was an American animated sketch comedy television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation. The series was based on Mad magazine. Each episode is a collection of short animated parodies of television shows, movies, games, celebrities etc. The humor is both witty and juvenile appealing mostly to tween and teen boys.

It uses various types of animation (CGI, claymation, stop-motion, etc.) instead of the usual animation style that Warner Bros. Animation is known for. The series premiered on the evening of September 6, 2010 on Cartoon Network. The series ended its 4-year run after airing 103 episodes. The series has an age rating of TV-MA.

Voice cast

Principal cast
 Kevin Shinick
 Hugh Davidson
 Mikey Day
 Larry Dorf
 Rachel Ramras
 Gary Anthony Williams

Guest/Other voices
Jason Antoon
 Eric Artell
 Diedrich Bader
 James Barbour
 Josh Beren
 Gregg Berger
 Jeff Bergman
 Gregg Bissonette
 Steven Blum
 Rachel Butera
 Jen Cohn
 Chris Cox
 Daniel Cummings
 Brian T. Delaney
 Grey DeLisle
 Barry Dennen
 John DiMaggio
 Ben Diskin
 Chris Edgerly
 Eden Espinosa
 Keith Ferguson
 Quinton Flynn
 Will Friedle
 Tamara Garfield
 Ralph Garman
 Mark-Paul Gosselaar
 Gilbert Gottfried
 Clare Grant
 Seth Green
 Nikki Griffin
 Melinda Hamilton
 Anthony Hansen
 Whit Hertford
 Aldis Hodge
 Richard Steven Horvitz
 Tom Kane
 Tom Kenny
 Arif S. Kinchen
 Seana Kofoed
 Stan Lee
 Matthew Lillard
 Beth Littleford
 Eric Lopez
 Biz Markie
 Deborah Marlowe
 Jason Marsden
 Julia McIlvaine
 Jim Meskimen
 Breckin Meyer
 Piotr Michael
 Dan Milano
 Shirley Mitchell
 Jason Nash
 Julie Nathanson
 Nolan North
 Jason Palmer
 Nicole Parker
 Rob Paulsen
 Christopher "Kid" Reid
 Corinne Reilly
 Peter Renaday
 Kevin Michael Richardson
 Joey Richter
 Elizabeth Rodriguez
 Rico Rodriguez
 Salli Saffioti
 Meredith Salenger
Meredith Salenger
 Ben Schwartz
 Michael Sinterniklaas
 Dana Snyder
 Kath Soucie
 Stephen Stanton
 Brody Stevens
 Tara Strong
 James Patrick Stuart
 Cree Summer
 Catherine Taber
 Fred Tatasciore
 Kirk Thornton
 Ho-Kwan Tse
 Christine Tucci
 Alanna Ubach
 Andrew W.K.
 Windy Wagner
 Audrey Wasilewski
 Michaela Watkins
 Frank Welker
 Scott Whyte
 Billy Dee Williams
 Debra Wilson
 Thomas F. Wilson
 Henry Winkler
 Adam Wylie
 "Weird Al" Yankovic
 Victor Yerrid
 Keone Young
Awards and Nominations

2012 Emmy Awards
Outstanding Short Format Animated Program for "Kitchen Nightmares Before Christmas / How I Met Your Mummy" (Nominated).

2012 PAAFTJ Television Awards
Best Animated Series (Nominated)

References 

2010s American comedy television series
English-language television programs
2010 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
Ethan Suplee (born May 25, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Frankie "The Enforcer" Stechino in Boy Meets World and Randy Hickey in My Name Is Earl. Suplee was born in Manhattan, the son of Debbie and Bill Suplee.

References

Other websites 

1976 births
Living people
Actors from Manhattan
American movie actors
American television actors
VC Zenit-Kazan (Russian: Зенит-Казань) (formerly "Dinamo Tattransgaz Kazan") is a professional volleyball team based in Kazan, Russia. It plays in the Russian Volleyball Super League (7-time champion). The team won the 2007–08, 2011–12 and 2014–15 CEV Champions League titles.

The club was founded on 13 May 2000.

Other websites 
web site

Volleyball clubs
2000 establishments
20th-century establishments in Russia
Sports organizations of Russia
The FIVB Volleyball World Championship is an international men's and women's indoor volleyball competition. It is the oldest and most important of all the international events organised by the FIVB and must not be confused with the World Cup, World Grand Champions Cup, or the World League/World Grand Prix.

Other websites
FIVB
Volleyball World Championship History

Volleyball
21 was a year in the 1st century AD.

21 might also mean:
21 (album), a 2015 album by Adele
21 (number), an integer
19 was a year in the 1st century.

19 might also mean:
19 (album), an album by Adele
19 (number), an integer
25 was a year in the first century.

25 might also mean:
25 (Adele album)
25 (number), an integer
The Republicans campaigned against the New Deal. They wanted a smaller government and less-regulated economy. Roosevelt's continuing popularity was the main theme of his campaign. To quiet rumors of his poor health, Roosevelt insisted on making a vigorous campaign trip in October and rode in an open car through city streets. A high point of the campaign occurred when Roosevelt gave a speech on national radio where he ridiculed Republican claims that his administration was corrupt and wasteful with tax money. He particularly ridiculed a Republican claim that he had sent a US Navy warship to pick up his Scottish Terrier Fala in Alaska. He added that "Fala was furious" at such rumors. The speech was met with loud laughter and applause. In response, Dewey gave a blistering partisan speech in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, a few days later on national radio. He accused Roosevelt of being "indispensable" to corrupt big-city Democratic organizations and American Communists
. Dewey also referred to members of Roosevelt's cabinet as a "motley crew". However, the allies had several battlefield successes in Europe and the Pacific during the campaign. These included the liberation of Paris in August 1944 and the successful Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines in October 1944. These were Roosevelt's greatest assets in his campaign.
Results 
 Roosevelt and his vice-presidential candidate Harry S. Truman won a total of 25,612,916 votes in the Popular vote (53.39%). They won a total of 432 Electorial votes (81.4%)
 Dewey and his vice-presidential candidate John Bricker received 22,017,929 votes in the Popular vote (45.89%). They received a total of 99 Electoral votes (18.6%).

The 1944 presidential election was a milestone in American politics for two reasons. It was the first time a candidate for president was born in the 20th century. It was the last time Democrats carried every state in the southern United States. The election had at least one other long-reaching effect. It led to the 1951 passing of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution. It prohibits anyone from serving more than two terms as president of the United States.

References

Other websites 

1944 in the United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman
1944
Junagadh was a princely state in Gujarat ruled by Muslim rulers in British India until it became part of India in 1948.

History
Mohammad Sher Khan Babi, a Babi Khel Pathan who owed allegiance to the Mughal governor of Gujarat subah, founded the state of Junagadh. It declared independence in 1730 after the Marathas Gaikwad invasion. Muhammad Sher Khan Babi, was the founder of the Babi Dynasty of Junagadh State dynasty. His descendants, the Babi Nawabs of Junagadh, took large territories in southern Saurashtra and ruled over the state for the next two centuries. First they were a tributary state of Marathas. Later they were under the rule of the British Raj.

In 1807 the Junagadh State became a British protectorate. The East India Company took control of the state by 1818. The Saurashtra area, with other princely states of Kathiawar, were separately administered under Kathiawar Agency by British India.
On 15 August 1947 upon the independence of India, the Nawab of Junagarh decided to merge it into newly formed Pakistan. The Indian government maintained the people of Junagadh should decide. Pakistan waited until 13 September to respond saying they accepted Junagarh's acceptance of Pakistani rule. This caused a general revolt among the Hindu majority of Junagadh as well as protest movements in the surrounding states that had acceded to join India. The Nawab then occupied territory in several of those states claiming he had rule over them. When the Indian government sent a small force to restore order, the Nawab fled to Pakistan. His Dewan (Prime minister) agreed to rule by India. This resulted in the integration of Junagadh into India.

Rulers
The Nawabs of Junagadh belonged to Pathan Babi khel tribe. They were granted a 13 gun salute by the British authorities:
1730 - 1758 : Mohammad Bahadur Khanji or Mohammad Sher Khan Babi
 1758 - 1774 : Mohammad Mahabat Khanji I
 1774 - 1811 : Mohammad Hamid Khanji I
 1811 - 1840 : Mohammad Bahadur Khanji I
 1840 - 1851 : Mohammad Hamid Khanji II
 1851 - 1882 : Mohammad Mahabat Khanji II
 1882 - 1892 : Mohammad Bahadur Khanji II
 1892 - 1911 : Mohammad Rasul Khanji
 1911 - 1948 : Mohammad Mahabat Khanji III (last de facto ruler)

Dispute 
Many in Pakistan still maintains the 1948 plebiscite and rule by India was an illegitimate action. One of the reasons is because Kashmir at the time was ruled by a Hindu but had a clear Muslim majority. By acceding to India it was the opposite of the situation in Junagadh.
For its part India knew Junagadh was the premier state in the western Kathiawar region. It was bound on three sides by states that acceded to India. On the fourth side was bounded by the Arabian Sea. This gave it great strategic importance to both countries. India was not prepared to accept Junagadh's acceding to Pakistan. This would create a Pakistan state in the middle of Indian states. India's taking administrative control of Junagadh to restore order is seen as a pretext by Pakistan. The referendum taken by the people of Junagadh, under the control of the Indian army, was overwhelmingly in favor of Indian rule. Pakistan has never accepted this vote by the people there and believes Junagadh rightly belongs to them.

Pakistan's legitimacy claim 

Pakistan's government has maintained its territorial claim on Junagadh, along with Manavadar and Sir Creek in Gujarat, on its official political map issued on 4th August 2020.

References
References

Other websites 
Official Website of State of Junagadh
Classic Gallery of Indian Numismatics
Heraldry of the princely states of Gujarat

Territorial disputes
Gujarat
Indian princely states
 
Territorial disputes of Pakistan
1730 establishments
1948 disestablishments in India
1730s establishments in Asia
18th-century establishments in India
The Nordertor (Danish: Nørreport) is an old town gate of the city of Flensburg. The gate was built around 1595. Today, the little landmark is in use as a symbol for the German town Flensburg.

History 
In 1345 the town of Flensburg began to build its town wall. A gate was built on the north side of the town. It was called Norder Porte. It was replaced by a building in the 16th century called the Nordertor. This marked the northern boundary of the town. It was a checkpoint that was closed in the night.

On the north side of the gate are two plaques. The left one shows the royal coat of arms of King Christian IV, 1577-1648 and the Latin words: „Regna Firmat Pietas“ — Piety strengthens the Realms. The right one shows the coat of arms of Flensburg with the German words: „Friede ernährt, Unfrieden verzehrt“ — Peace nurtures, strife devours. There is also a date- 1767. This means that the town gate was restored in the time of Christian VII, 1749-1808.
After 1796 the town grew beyond the town wall. There had been a ban on building outside the wall before then. The Neustadt (Newtown), in the neighborhood of the Nordertor was built. In 1913 and 1914 it was restored by the architect Paul Ziegler. The Nordertor got a clock. In 1966 the Deutsche Bundespost made a stamp with a picture of the gate on it. It was a 30 Pfennig stamp, used to send letters within Germany. The Nordertor stamps were sold over 3 billion times. In the 1990s the gate was again restored and the clock was removed. In 2004 the gate was licensed as a venue for civil weddings, so that the weddings could be performed since then directly above the archway of the gate.

References

Flensburg
Fortification
Gates
16th-century buildings and structures
A ship's cat is a cat that rides along on a ship.  Ship's cats have been very popular in history, and date back to ancient times.

Cats have been carried on ships for many reasons - most importantly, to catch mice and rats.  On a ship, these rodents can damage ropes and wooden parts of the ship.  Once electricity was discovered, rodents would also damage ships' electrical wiring.  Also, rodents threatened the ship's cargo - the things it carried.  Rodents would eat the food carried to feed the crew.  If the ship was carrying things like grain as part of its cargo, rodents could also cause the ship to lose money by eating the cargo.  Also, rats and mice spread disease, which is dangerous for ships that are at sea for long periods of time.  For example, rat fleas can carry plague, and rats on ships may have been one of the main reasons why the Black Death spread.
Cats naturally attack and kill these rodents. Cats also have a natural ability to get used to new surroundings, so they could get used to serving on ships. They also offered companionship (friendship), a sense of home and security, and lifted sailors' spirits.  This was helpful to sailors who could be away from home for long periods, especially in times of war.

Early history
Cats were probably domesticated about 9,500 years ago.  Not long after that, people began taking cats aboard boats and ships.  The Ancient Egyptians took cats on board Nile boats to catch birds in the thickets along the riverbanks.  The ancient Egyptians also carried cats on trading ships to control rodents.  Traders from other areas soon started doing the same thing.  This led to the spread of cats throughout the world.  Cats eventually reached nearly all parts of the world that could be reached by ship. Phoenician cargo ships are thought to have brought the first domesticated cats to Europe in about 900 BC.
Cats and superstition
Cats in Ancient Egypt were worshipped as deities (powerful spirits).  For many centuries, cats have had a reputation as magical animals. Many sailors believed myths and superstitions about cats. Cats were thought of as smart, lucky animals.  Sailors usually took very good care of their ship's cats to keep them happy.  Some sailors believed that six-toed cats were better at catching pests. They may have thought that extra toes give a cat better balance, which would be important when at sea. In some places, all six-toed cats became known as "ship's cats".
Cats were believed to have miraculous powers that could protect ships from dangerous weather.  Sometimes, fishermen's wives would keep black cats at home too. They believed that these cats would use their special powers to protect their husbands at sea. Many sailors believed that it was lucky if a cat came up to a sailor on deck, but unlucky if it came only halfway and then turned around. Another popular belief was that cats could start storms through magic stored in their tails.  Other sailors also believed that if a ship's cat fell or was thrown overboard, a terrible storm would come and sink the ship, and if the ship was able to survive, it would be cursed with nine years of bad luck.  Still other sailors thought that if a cat licked its fur against the grain, it meant a hail storm was coming; if it sneezed, rain was coming; and if it was frisky, wind was coming.
Some of these beliefs are partly true. Cats can notice slight changes in the weather, because of their very sensitive inner ears.  (Their inner ears also allow cats to land on their feet when falling.) Cats often get nervous and restless when they sense low atmospheric pressure, which often comes before stormy weather.

Famous Ship's Cats

Blackie
Blackie

Blackie was HMS Prince of Wales'''s ship's cat.  He became famous during the Second World War.  Blackie's ship, Prince of Wales, carried Prime Minister Winston Churchill across the Atlantic Ocean to Naval Station Argentia in Newfoundland in August 1941.  There, Churchill secretly met with the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the two signed the Atlantic Charter.  But as Churchill started to leave Prince of Wales, Blackie came up to him.  Churchill bent down to say goodbye to Blackie, and the moment was photographed and reported in the world media.  In honour of the success of the visit, Blackie was renamed Churchill.  Blackie survived the sinking of HMS Prince of Wales later that year and was taken to Singapore with the survivors.  He could not be found when Singapore was evacuated the following year and nobody knows what happened to him (though there is a chance he may have died by then).
Chibbley
Chibbley was the ship's cat aboard the tall ship Picton Castle.  She was rescued from an animal shelter.  She circumnavigated the world - sailed all the way around it - five times. Because Picton Castle’ was a training ship, Chibbley had many visitors.  She became a celebrity, and people even sent her fan mail.  Chibbley died on November 10, 2011, in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. She had sailed over 180,000 miles at sea.

Convoy

Convoy was the ship's cat aboard HMS Hermione.  He was named "Convoy" because he often went with the ship on convoy escort duties (where the ship would sail with a group of other ships for protection).  Like the ship's sailors, Convoy was listed in the ship's book, and given a full kit, including a tiny hammock where he would sleep. He was killed along with 87 of his crew mates when Hermione was torpedoed and sunk on 16 June 1942 by German submarine U-205.
Emmy
Emmy was the ship's cat on RMS Empress of Ireland. She was an orange tabby cat who never missed a voyage. However, on 28 May 1914, Emmy tried to escape the ship. The crew could not get her to return to the ship, and Empress of Ireland left without her.  This was thought to be a very bad sign. Early the next morning, Empress of Ireland ran into SS Storstad while sailing through fog at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.  Empress of Ireland sank quickly, killing over 1,000 people.
Felix
Felix was the ship's cat aboard Mayflower II when she set sail from Devon, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1957.  The goal of this voyage was to show cooperation between the UK and the US after World War II. Felix was given his own life jacket for the trip.  During the voyage, he broke one of his paws. The paw was set by the ship's doctor.  After Felix returned to the US, photos and stories about him appeared in National Geographic magazine, Life magazine, and Yankee magazine. The cat and the rest of the crew marched in a New York ticker tape parade and toured the East Coast that summer. Felix was eventually adopted by the cabin boy's girlfriend, Ann Berry, and settled in Waltham, Massachusetts. The captain of the Mayflower II wrote a children's book about Felix called Felix and his Mayflower II Adventures. The book was published during the celebration of the ship's fiftieth anniversary at Plimoth Plantation.

Mrs. Chippy
Mrs. Chippy

Mrs. Chippy was the ship's cat aboard Endurance, the ship used by Sir Ernest Shackleton for his Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.  (The Expedition's goal was to cross the Antarctic by land.)  After about a month, the crew realized that "Mrs. Chippy" was actually a male cat.  However, by then, everyone was used to the name "Mrs. Chippy," and kept using it.

The ship became lost, trapped and then crushed in pack ice.  At that point, Shackleton ordered his men to shoot the sled dogs and Mrs. Chippy, because he did not think they could survive.
Simon
Simon was the ship's cat of HMS Amethyst during the Yangtze Incident in 1949, during the Chinese Civil War.  During the Yangtze Incident, the HMS Amethyst was attacked and was trapped on the Yangtze River for months.  The ship and its crew were badly hurt in the attacks on the ship.  These attacks killed 25 of Amethyst’s crew, including the commanding officer.  Simon was also hurt in the attacks, but soon he recovered.  He started killing rats again, which was very important since the rodents had been destroying the ship.  Simon also did the important job of keeping up the crew's spirits.
After the Amethyst finally escaped the Yangtze River and returned to Britain, Simon was given the rank of 'Able Seacat' Simon.  He became a celebrity.  However, not long after he returned to Britain, he died from an infection.  Many people sent tributes to honor Simon, and his obituary appeared in The Times (an important newspaper in London).  After Simon's death, he was awarded the Dickin Medal.  He is the only cat ever to earn this award.  Simon was also buried with full naval honors.

Trim
Trim sailed on many ships commanded by Matthew Flinders during 1801-1803.  These ships' goals were to circumnavigate (sail all the way around) Australia, and also to create maps of its coastline. Trim became a favourite of the crew, and was the first cat to circumnavigate Australia. Trim stayed with Flinders until Trim's death.  A statue to Trim was later built in his honor.  It sits on a window sill on the outside of the State Library, in Sydney, Australia. There have also been many books written about Trim.
U-boat
U-boat was another ship's cat aboard a Royal Navy ship in the Second World War.  Whenever his ship came into port, U-boat would take shore leave (he would leave the ship to do things on shore). He would spend days on shore, and usually would return only just before his ship sailed away. One day, U-boat did not return in time for roll call and his ship was forced to sail away without him. As the ship pulled away, U-boat was seen running down the dock after the sailing ship. He made a death-defying leap onto the ship and made it aboard. The crew thought that he seemed unafraid by what had just happened, and calmly started to wash himself on deck. The crew members were very happy that U-boat had come back, since they thought he brought them good luck.
Unsinkable Sam (Oscar)
Oscar was the ship's cat of the German battleship Bismarck. When Bismarck was sunk on 27 May 1941, only 116 sailors out of over 2,200 survived. Oscar was picked up by the destroyer HMS Cossack. Cossack herself was torpedoed and sunk on 24 October, 1941.  159 sailors were killed, but Oscar again survived to be rescued, and was taken to Gibraltar.  He became the ship's cat of HMS Ark Royal.  Then this ship, too, was torpedoed and sunk in November of 1941. Oscar was again rescued, and it was decided that it was time for him to have a home on land. By now, Oscar had been renamed "Unsinkable Sam."  He was given a new job as mouse-catcher in the Governor General of Gibraltar's office buildings.  He eventually returned to the UK and spent the rest of his life at the 'Home for Sailors'. A portrait of him hangs in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.

Ship's cats today
Ship's cats today

Starting in 1975, the Royal Navy no longer allowed cats or any other pets to ride on any Royal Navy ships.  This rule was created because of concern about hygiene (cleanliness).

Cats still ride on many private ships today.  For example, Toolbox is a ship's cat who rides on the second Kalmar Nyckel.

American sailor Robin Lee Graham sailed with many cats on his ships Dove and Return of Dove'', while he was trying to circumnavigate the world by himself (starting in 1965).

References

Other websites 
 Cats in the sea services 
 Famous Naval Cats

Cats
Ships
Calendula officinalis (pot marigold, ruddles, common marigold, garden marigold), is a plant in the genus Calendula of the family Asteraceae. It is probably native to India. It was the state flower of Junagadh and Bantva-Manavadar State, now part of Gujarat.

Uses 
Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add colour to salads or added to dishes as a garnish instead of saffron.
The leaves are edible but are often not palatable.  They have been used as a herb and in salads.

The flowers were used in Ancient Greek, Roman, Middle Eastern, and Indian cultures as a medicinal herb and a dye for fabrics, foods, and cosmetics.  They are also used to make oil that protects the skin.

References 

Plants of Asia
Asteraceae