Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sir Malcolm Arnold (born Northampton, 21 October 1921; died 23 September 2006) was an English composer.  He is famous for writing symphonies, concertos and movie music.  People disagree about whether he is one of the really great composers, or just a very skilled musician.  His music is often very tuneful, sometimes it is sentimental.  He could write music very quickly.  His famous music for the movie The Bridge on the River Kwai was composed in ten days.

Life
In 1938 Malcolm Arnold went to the Royal College of Music to study composition with Gordon Jacob.  He started his career as a trumpeter with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, later becoming principal trumpet.  By the late 1940s he was concentrating on his composing career.
Arnold was composing at a time when many composers were writing music which was quite atonal which made it hard to understand, but Arnold’s music is tonal and there are many tunes which are easy to remember.  He wrote nine symphonies and several concertos for different instruments, even unusual instruments like the harmonica.  Some of his best orchestral works are the set of dances: English Dances , Scottish Dances  and  Cornish Dances .  He also wrote 2 operas, 7 ballets and 2 string quartets. His overture Tam O'Shanter is very exciting.  It tells in music the story in the poem by Robert Burns.
Arnold wrote music for 132 films.  The most famous is The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) for which he won an Oscar.  He was the first British composer ever to have won this award. This movie includes the famous Colonel Bogey March.  This march had been written many years earlier by Kenneth J. Alford, but Arnold composed a countermelody to it.  His original music for the movie includes the famous River Kwai March (this is not the same as the Colonel Bogey March).   Other movies for which he wrote music include The Belles of St Trinian's (1954), The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958) and Whistle Down the Wind (1961). 

He was made a CBE in 1970 and was knighted in 1993.

Youth orchestras and amateur orchestras enjoy playing his works because they are an exciting mixture of classical, jazz, popular and folk music, and are not too difficult to play.
Arnold’s health was often very poor. At times he fought with alcoholism and depression, and in his later years with dementia.  He had moved to Dublin in 1972, but moved back to England in 1984 and settled in Attleborough, Norfolk.  His full-time carer Anthony Day helped him a lot during his final years.

Arnold died from a chest infection in September 2006.

References

1921 births
2006 deaths
20th-century English composers
People from Northampton
British trumpeters
Bowser is a character in the Super Mario video games. He is the evil Koopa that takes over the Mushroom Kingdom and kidnaps Princess Peach. He is the main enemy to Mario. He has spikes on his back, breathes fire, and is bigger than normal koopas. He was ranked #1 in the Top 50 Video Game Villains of all-time list by the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2013.

Video games 
Bowser's first appearance was in Super Mario Bros. as the last boss, in the last level. The first seven castles in the game had Bowsers, but they were actually his minions, who were disguised as him. The real Bowser is in the eighth castle, the last one.
Bowser's kids, called the Koopalings, were bosses in Super Mario Bros. 3, Super Mario World, New Super Mario Bros. Wii, New Super Mario Bros. 2, and New Super Mario Bros. U. However, after Super Mario World, The Koopalings were no longer said to be Bowser's biological kids, since they are now adopted children and Bowser Jr. is now his biological child. In Super Mario World, Bowser appears in a clown car and throws Mecha Koopas.

When Mario moved to the Nintendo 64 with Super Mario 64, Bowser was again the main bad guy. In the remake of this game, Super Mario 64 DS, he is fought as a boss three times.

He also appears in the Disney movie Wreck-It Ralph.

References

Other websites
 Bowser on Giant Bomb

Fictional characters introduced in 1985
Animated television characters
Mario series characters
Fictional dragons
Video game antagonists
Video game bosses
Lars Ulrich ( ; born 26 December 1963) is a Danish musician and songwriter best known as the drummer and co-founder of the American heavy metal band Metallica. He was born in Denmark, but moved to Los Angeles when he was seventeen.

Lars Ulrich is also known for his part in the removal of a music-sharing computer program called Napster, which he felt to be illegally using and sharing the music he and Metallica made.

Lars Ulrich stars as himself in the 2010 movie Get Him to the Greek starring Russell Brand. The movie is a spin-off of the 2008 movie Forgetting Sarah Marshall.

Discography

Metallica
 Kill 'Em All (1983)
 Ride the Lightning (1984)
 Master of Puppets (1986)
 The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited (EP) (1987)
 ...And Justice For All (1988)
 Metallica (1991)
 Live Shit: Binge and Purge (1993)
 Load (1996)
 ReLoad (1997)
 Garage Inc. (1998)
 S&M (1999)
 St. Anger (2003)
 Death Magnetic (2008)
 Orgullo, Pasión y Gloria: Tres Noches en la Ciudad de México (2009)
 Six Feet Down Under (2010)
Mercyful Fate
 In the Shadows (Guest on "Return of the Vampire 1993") (1993)

1963 births
Living people
Danish musicians
Metallica members
Rock drummers
Kim Possible is a Disney Channel original Emmy Award winner and Canadian cartoon series. The title character is a teenage girl tasked with fighting crime on a regular basis while coping with everyday issues commonly associated with adolescence. Kim is aided by her clumsy best friend and eventual love interest, Ron Stoppable, his pet naked mole rat Rufus, and ten year-old computer genius Wade. Known collectively as Team Possible, Kim and Ron's missions primarily require them to thwart the evil plans of the mad scientist–supervillain duo Dr. Drakken and his sidekick Shego.

Characters
Characters 

Kimberly Ann "Kim" Possible - Main character, show centered around this crime-fighting teenage girl.
Ronald "Ron" Stoppable - Kim's best friend and sidekick. Often messes up, but ultimately helps by stuffing up.
Wade - Kim's gadget guy. Was afraid of leaving his room, but finally left to meet Kim's friend.
Bonnie Rockwaller - Kim's rival. She attempts to take over head cheerleader from Kim.
Dr. James Timothy Possible - Kim's Dad. A rocket scientist.
Dr. Ann Possible - Kim's Mum. A brain surgeon.
Hana Stoppable - Ron's adopted sister. Came along on a mission.
Dr. Drakken - The main supervillain. Wants to take over the world.
Shego - Drakken's sidekick. Has green glowing hands that are really her special super power.

Episodes
Episodes

Season 1
 Tick-Tick-Tick
 Bueno Nacho
 Monkey Fist Strikes
 Attack of the Killer Bebes
 The New Ron
 Mind Games
 Royal Pain
 The Twin Factor
 Animal Attraction
 All the News
 Sink or Swim
 Number One
 Crush
 Monkey Ninjas in Space
 Low Budget
 Downhill
 Coach Possible
 Pain King vs. Cleopatra
 Kimitation Nation
 Ron the Man
 October 31st

Season 2
 The Ron Factor
 Partners
 Grudge Match
 Virtu-Ron
 Two To Tutor
 Naked Genius
 Rufus in Show
 Adventures in Rufus-Sitting
 Motor Ed
 The Fearless Ferret
 The Golden Years
 Job Unfair
 Queen Bebe
 Car Trouble
 Go Team Go
 A Very Possible Christmas
 Mother's Day
 Rufus vs. Commodore Puddles
 Day of the Snowmen
 A Sitch in Time (Part One: Present)
 A Sitch in Time (Part Two: Past)
 A Sitch in Time (Part Three: Future)
 Hidden Talent
 Return to Camp Wannaweep
 Blush
 The Full Monkey
 Exchange
 Oh Boyz
 Triple S
 Ron Millionaire
 Showdown at the Crooked D
 Rewriting History
 Sick Day
 The Truth Hurts
Season 3
 Steal Wheels
 Emotion Sickness
 Bonding
 Bad Boy
 So the Drama
 Dimension Twist
 Overdue
 Roachie
 And the Mole Rat Will Be CGI
 Rappin' Drakken
 Gorilla Fist
 Team Impossible

Season 4
 Ill Suited
 Car Alarm
 Trading Faces
 The Big Job
 Mad Dogs and Aliens
 Fashion Victim
 Grande Size Me
 Clothes Minded
 The Cupid Effect
 Big Bother
 Odds Man In
 Mathter and Fervent
 Stop Team Go
 Chasing Rufus
 Nursery Crimes
 Cap'n Drakken
 The Mentor of Our Discontent
 Oh No! Yono!
 Clean Slate
 Homecoming Upset
 Larry's Birthday
 Graduation

Other websites 

 Disney's official site for the show 
 TV.com's guide to Kim Possible 

 

Animated television series
Television series by Disney
Television series by Buena Vista Television
English-language television programs
2002 television series debuts
2007 television series endings
Windows Live Messenger is an  instant messenger that is the most-used in the world. It is made by the Windows Live section of Microsoft. It used to be called MSN Messenger before MSN was changed into Windows Live. Microsoft announced that they were retiring Windows Live Messenger (except for China) in favor of Skype.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Microsoft
Instant messaging software
1999 establishments
2013 disestablishments
The Great Dane is a large breed of dog. They are about  or taller at the shoulder. Great Danes can have coats of a fawn color, black, Harlequin (a combination of black and white spots), blue, brindle, or mantle. The females are usually smaller and weight on an average of . Males are slightly larger.

Exercise 
They need to be walked daily to maintain good health.

Other websites 

 Standards
 FCI-Standard N° 235 / 09. 08. 2002 

 Miscellaneous
 Great Dane Barri
 http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/greatdane.htm

Dog breeds originating in Germany
FCI breeds
Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. They started making music in 1996. The band became very famous with their first album, Hybrid Theory, which was given a diamond certification by the RIAA for selling more than 10 million copies. It got multi-platinum certifications in many other countries. Their second album, Meteora, made the band even more popular. It reached number one on the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003. It was promoted with concerts and giving for charities around the world. In 2003, MTV2 called Linkin Park the sixth greatest band of the music video time and the third best band of the new millennium, only beaten by Oasis and Coldplay. Billboard ranked Linkin Park #19 on the Best Artists of the Decade (Past 10 Years) chart.
The band used the genres nu metal and rap metal to make it suitable for radio yet heavy in layers in Hybrid Theory and Meteora. The band used other types of music in their next studio album Minutes to Midnight, which was released in 2007. The album also reached number one at the Billboard and had the third best beginning at number one of any album that year. The band also worked with other artists and bands. The most famous would be rapper Jay-Z in their mash-up (mixing more than one song together) extended play Collision Course and many other people on their remix album Reanimation. The band's album, A Thousand Suns, was released on 2010. They further changed their sound again. Linkin Park have sold more than 50 million albums and have won two Grammys.

Band History
Band History

Starts as Xero and Hybrid Theory EP (1996–1999) 
The band was first made up of three friends from high school, Mike Shinoda, Brad Delson and Rob Bourdon. After high school, they started to get serious in music and added DJ Joe Hahn, bass player Dave "Phoenix" Farrell and singer Mark Wakefield to their band. They were named "Xero". Even though they have few materials, the band started recording and making songs in Shinoda's studio in his bedroom in 1996. The band started feeling uncomfortable and angry with each other after they were not able to get a contract from a major music company. Because they did not become successful, Wakefield quit so he could look for other music projects. Farrell also quit so he could perform in concerts with many bands including his old band, Tasty Snax.
After a long time without a lead singer, Xero added an Arizonan singer named Chester Bennington. Jeff Blue, the vice-president of Zomba Music in March 1999, insisted them to get Bennington. Bennington, who used to be in a post-grunge band called Grey Daze, became the most wanted among the people who wanted to be in Xero because of the strength in his voice. The band then soon changed their name from Xero to "Hybrid Theory" in 1999 and released their EP the same year. Since Shinoda and Bennington sound good together, it helped restart the band into making new music. The band restarting also led to the band changing its name again to "Linkin Park" in 2000, a tribute to Santa Monica's Lincoln Park. Even with this, they still could not get a music contract. After many record labels (music companies) rejected them, they asked Jeff Blue, now vice-president of Warner Bros. Records, to help. After not being able to sign with Warner Bros. three times, Blue helped the band finally get a contract with Warner Bros
. in 1999.
Hybrid Theory LP and Reanimation (2000–2002) 

Linkin Park released Hybrid Theory on October 24, 2000. It was the result of over four years of work. It was edited by Don Gilmore. Hybrid Theory was very successful in sales. It sold 4.8 million copies in the first year, and had the most sales of any album in 2001. The singles of the album are "One Step Closer", "Crawling", "Papercut" "In the End". It made them always appear on many alternative rock radios during 2001.
Other songs from the album were included in movies like Dracula 2000, Little Nicky, and Valentine. Linkin Park also worked with The X-Ecutioners for the song "It's Goin' Down". Hybrid Theory led them to win a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance for the song "Crawling". They were also nominated for two other Grammy Awards: Best New Artist and Best Rock Album. MTV gave the band the awards of Best Rock Video and Best Direction for "In the End". Because of the band's Grammy win, the success of Hybrid Theory made them famous in the mainstream.
At this time, Linkin Park had many invitations for them to perform on many famous concerts and tours like Ozzfest, Family Values Tour and KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas. The band also made their own tour called "Projekt Revolution". It included others bands and singers like Cypress Hill, Adema, and Snoop Dogg. In one year, they performed at 320 concerts. The band's memorable moments and performance were shown in their first DVD, Frat Party at the Pankake Festival. It was released in November 2001. Farrell then rejoined Linkin Park. They then began working on Reanimation, an album that had remixes of songs from Hybrid Theory and their first EP. It was released on July 30, 2002. It has appearances by Black Thought, Jonathan Davis, Aaron Lewis and many other singers and rappers. It became very successful. It started at #2 at the Billboard 200 albums chart. It sold almost 270,000 copies during its first week. The album has only one single, "Pts.OF.Athrty", a remix of the Hybrid Theory song "Points of Authority"
. Hybrid Theory is also in the RIAA's Top 100 Albums.
Meteora (2002–2004) 

After Hybrid Theory and Reanimation became very successful, Linkin Park spent a lot of time performing concerts around the United States. The band started working on new music, even with a very busy schedule. They used a short part of their free time in the studio in their tour bus. The band announced that they were making their new album in April 2002, it was initially planned to release between October and December (Q4) of that year but got delayed. They also said that the title was inspired by Meteora, a rocky place in Greece. Meteora has many places of worship have been built on top of the rocks. Meteora shows the band mixing their nu metal and punk rap styles with new special effects. Some of them include a shakuhachi (a Japanese flute made of bamboo) and many other instruments. On March 25, 2003, they released Meteora and instantly became popular around the world. It reached their first #1 in the US and UK and #2 in Australia.
Meteora sold 800,000 albums in its first week. It ranked as the best selling album on the Billboard charts at that time. The album's singles are "Somewhere I Belong", "Faint", "Numb", "From the Inside", "Lying from You" and "Breaking the Habit". Most of them always appeared in many radio stations. By October 2003, it had sold almost 3 million copies.
Because the album was a success, the band formed yet another Projekt Revolution tour. It featured other bands and artists including Mudvayne, Blindside and Xzibit. Metallica also invited Linkin Park to play at the Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003. It included very famous bands such as Limp Bizkit, Mudvayne and Deftones. The band released their first live album and third DVD, Live in Texas, in November 18, 2003. It includes audio and video tracks of some of the band's concerts in Texas during their tour. In early 2004, Linkin Park started a tour around the world called Meteora World Tour. Bands that were opening concerts on the tour included Hoobastank, P.O.D., Story of the Year and Pia.
The band had many awards and honors because of Meteora. The band won the MTV awards for Best Rock Video for "Somewhere I Belong" and the Viewer's Choice Award for "Breaking the Habit". Linkin Park also won many awards during the 2004 Radio Music Awards. They won the Artist of the Year and Song of the Year ("Numb") awards. Even though Meteora was not as popular as Hybrid Theory, it was the third best selling album in America during 2003. The band toured in early 2004 around the world. They performed in their third Projekt Revolution tour and many European tours.

The song, Breaking the Habit will be used in the Upcoming Canadian Anime television series, GoCards! as the theme song.

Collision Course and side projects (2004–2006)
After Meteora was successful, the band did not work on another album for over three years. Instead, they kept on performing at concerts and created side projects. Chester Bennington appeared on "State of the Art" by DJ Lethal. He also created a new band called Dead by Sunrise, with the band members of Julien K. Mike Shinoda also worked with Depeche Mode. In 2004, the band started making a remix album with Jay-Z called Collision Course. The album, which included mash-ups of both Linkin Park and Jay-Z songs, was released in November 2004. The album's only single is "Numb/Encore", which was successful. Shinoda also created a new hip hop side project Fort Minor. With the help of Jay-Z, Fort Minor released its first album, The Rising Tied, to very positive reviews. A the same time, the band was arguing with their record label, Warner Bros. Records. They were arguing because of many trust and money matters. After many months, the band finally made a deal with them in December 2005.
The band also did a lot of charity. They raised money to help victims and survivors of Hurricane Charley in 2004 and later Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The band donated $75,000 to the Special Operations Warrior Foundation in March 2004. They also helped efforts for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami victims by performing in many charity concerts and starting their own charity, Music for Relief. Their most famous charity concert was Live 8, a number of concerts for charity for awareness worldwide. They performed with Jay-Z on Live 8's stage in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with an audience around the world. The band would later be reunited with Jay-Z at the 2006 Grammy Awards. Linkin Park and Jay-Z performed "Numb/Encore" with Paul McCartney who added lyrics from the song "Yesterday". "Numb/Encore" won the Best Rap/Sung Collaboration award. They would later perform at the 2006 Summer Sonic music festival, which was hosted by Metallica in Japan.

Minutes to Midnight (2006-2008)
In 2006, Linkin Park returned to the recording studio and began writing new songs. They chose producer Rick Rubin to help in the new album. Even when they said that the album will be released in 2006, the album was pushed to 2007 after realizing that they could not finish it in time. The band had recorded thirty to fifty songs in August 2006. Shinoda said the album was halfway done. Bennington also said that the new album will no longer show their famous nu metal sound. Warner Bros. then officially announced new album's title, Minutes to Midnight. It was released in May 15, 2007 in the United States. After 14 months of working on the album, they wanted to make the album better by taking five songs out from the original seventeen tracks. The album's title was a reference to Doomsday Clock. The title also suggested the album's lyrics and topics. The album sold more than 625,000 in its first week. It is one of the most successful starts for an album in recent years
. The album also went to #1 on the Billboard Charts.
The album's first single, "What I've Done", was released on April 2, 2007. The music video premiered on MTV and Fuse at the same week. The single was loved by listeners, becoming #1 on Billboard'''s Modern Rock Tracks and Mainstream Rock Tracks charts. The song is also in the soundtrack for the 2007 movie Transformers. Shinoda was also in on the Styles of Beyond song "Second to None" which was also included in the movie. Later in the year, the band won the "Favorite Alternative Artist" in the American Music Awards. The albums's other singles are "Bleed It Out", "Shadow of the Day", "Given Up" and "Leave Out All the Rest". They were released from 2007 to 2008, and were successful. The band also made a single with Busta Rhymes called "We Made It", which was released on April 29, 2008.
The band's concerts included a performance at Live Earth Japan on July 7, 2007. and at Download Festival in Donington Park, England and Edgefest in Downsview Park, Toronto, Canada. The band finished their fourth Projekt Revolution tour. After that, they performed concerts at many arenas around the UK, including Nottingham, Sheffield and Manchester. They performed for two nights at the O2 arena in London. Bennington also said that the band will make a new album after Minutes to Midnight. However, he said that the band will first perform in the United States so they can have ideas for the next album. He told Rolling Stone that the band already started writing for the album. Shinoda also said that the album will be released in the last part of 2009. Shinoda also announced a live CD/DVD called Road to Revolution: Live at Milton Keynes, which was released November 24, 2008. It was recorded from their Projekt Revolution concert at the Milton Keynes Bowl on June 29, 2008
. The band also released Songs From the Underground, a compilation of previously unreleased songs.
In May 2009, the band said that they were working on a fourth studio album. They planned it to be released on 2010. Shinoda told IGN that the new album would be 'genre-busting.' They were taking themes and sounds from Minutes to Midnight He also mentioned that the album would have more experiments and advanced than their other albums. Bennington also confirmed that Rick Rubin will return as a producer of the new album.

While working on the new album, Linkin Park worked with famous movie music composer Hans Zimmer to make the music for the movie Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. The band released a new single for the movie called "New Divide". Hahn directed the song's music video. It has scenes from the movie. In June 2009, the band performed at Westwood Village after the first showing of the movie. After finishing work on the movie, the band returned to the studio to finish their album. In late 2009, Bennington's band Dead by Sunrise finally released their album Out of Ashes.
On January 19, 2010, the band released a new song entitled "Not Alone". It was part of a compilation from Music for Relief called Download to Donate for Haiti. The compilation was to help the people hurt in the 2010 Haiti earthquake. On February 10, 2010, the band released the official music video for the song. On April 26, the band released a game for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad, a game called 8-Bit Rebellion! In the game, the band members are characters that can be played. After beating the game, a new song called "Blackbirds" will be unlocked. The song was also later released as an iTunes bonus track on their new album.
The band later revealed their new album's title is A Thousand Suns. It was released on September 14. The album's first single was "The Catalyst", released on August 2. The band performed at many concerts so that it can have attention. They started in Los Angeles on September 7. The band also used MySpace to get attention for their album. They released two songs called "Waiting for the End" and "Blackout" on September 8. They also made a "making of" of the album, entitled Meeting of A Thousand Suns. It was also shown in their MySpace page. It was included in the album's deluxe edition. On August 31, it was told that the band would perform the song live for the first time live at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010. They performed the song at the Griffith Observatory. It was a famous place used in many movies. The album reached #1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album's other singles were "Waiting for the End", "Burning in the Skies" and "Iridescent"
. On April 13, 2011, Shinoda said that "Iridescent" is part of the soundtrack of the movie Transformers: Dark of the Moon. This continued Linkin Park songs being the theme songs of the Transformers movies (after "What I've Done" and "New Divide").
The band did more charity work. On January 11, 2011, they started the new version of Download to Donate for Haiti. It was called Download to Donate for Haiti V2.0, with more songs to download. For the new compilation, the band released a remix of "The Catalyst" by Keaton Hashimoto from the "Linkin Park featuring YOU" contest. Shinoda designed two T-shirts, so that the money earned will help the victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami disasters. Music For Relief also released Download to Donate: Tsunami Relief Japan, another compilation of songs. The money earned went to Save the Children to help the victims.
The album helped the band reach many year-end positions. Linkin Park reached No.8 in Billboard Social 50, a chart of artists that use many social networking sites. In other Billboard Year-End charts, the band reached No.92 in the "Top Artists" chart, as well as A Thousand Suns reaching No.53 in the Year-End chart of the Billboard Top 200 albums and No.7 in the 2010 Year-End Rock Albums, and "The Catalyst" reaching No.40 in the Year-End Rock Songs chart. The band charted in many Billboard Year-End charts in 2011. The band was No.39 in the Top Artists Chart, No.84 in the Billboard 200 Artists chart, No.11 in the Social 50 Chart, No.6 in the Top Rock Artists Chart, No.9 in the Rock Songs Artists Chart, No.16 in the Rock Albums Chart, No.4 in the Hard Rock Albums Chart, and No.7 in the Alternative Songs Chart.

Living Things (2012-2014)
In 2012, The band released Living Things, which saw an exploration into a more electronica based sound. From this album came the songs "Castle of Glass", which was used in the 2012 videogame Medal of Honor: Warfighter, "Roads Untraveled", which was used in the 2014 film Need For Speed, and "Powerless", which was used in the 2012 film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter.Like the last album, this one explored a lot of different sounds. Some fans loved it, and others disliked it. The album itself sold over 2.5 Million copies as of 2013. It quickly rose to No. 1 in the Billboard Top 200 Chart. An extremely successful album for the band, they went on to tour for the next few years.
The Hunting Party (2014-2017) 
In 2014, the band once again decided to change their style for the new album. Mike Shinoda stated that he wished to create a more traditional Rock sound after listening to the radio one day. The band decided to make the music that they wanted to hear. The album was explosive, loud and possibly the heaviest they had been yet.

They decided not to have Rick Rubin produce this album, for the first time in 3 consecutive albums. It features guest appearances by Page Hamilton of the band Helmet, rapper Rakim, Daron Malakian of the band System of a Down, and Tom Morello of the band Rage Against the Machine.

The album produced five singles; "Guilty All the Same", "Until It's Gone", "Wastelands", "Rebellion", and "Final Masquerade".

It was well received by critics and fans alike, and reached No. 3 on Billboard 200.
One More Light and Chester Bennington's death (2017-Present) 
In early 2017, the band released the new single from their latest album, called "Heavy", featuring new artist Kiiara.

Fans immediately reacted with polarised responses. Some loved the new direction taken by the band, which can be described as "Poppy", whereas others disliked it, calling Linkin Park "Sellouts". The Official Lyrics video got some of the highest dislikes of any Linkin Park video on YouTube. Frustrated with the response from fans, Chester Bennington became angry on several occasions, though publicly apologized later on, saying that he understands the fans' perspective, is grateful to all of their fans, and that he should rethink his own perspective.

Despite the polarizing response from critics and fans alike, the album became extremely successful. Like before, it reached No. 1 on Billboard 200, and was certified gold in several countries.

The album features Kiiara, Pusha T, and Stormzy as special guest artists.
After touring The Hunting Party, the band decided to write songs with outside help. They teamed up with several big names in the music industry, with a focus on writing lyrics before music, something they had not really experimented with before. They said that they wanted to attempt to do away with any notion of genre.

When strangely ridiculed about the lack of guitar and drums on the album, based purely on their first release of "Heavy", Brad Delson responded by saying that actually, there is a lot of guitar in the album. He then went on to list the songs "Sharp Edges", "Invisible" and "Sorry For Now" as having lots of layers of different guitars each.

The album produced several singles; "Heavy", "Talking to Myself" and "One More Light", the song for which the album is named. This is the first time that Linkin Park have named an album after a song.

Mike Shinoda described the album as "risky". The band had been following a traditionally rock oriented sound, and this marked a big change from that style.
Instead of focusing on anger, betrayal or other negative emotions, as they had been known for in the past, many of the songs focus on family, friends, and emotions. For instance, the songs "Invisible" and "Sorry For Now" both focus on the band member's children, and the title song "One More Light" is about remembering, and caring about someone after they have died.

Chester Bennington's close friend and musician Chris Cornell committed suicide by hanging. When Chester heard the news, it made him extremely upset, as the pair had known each other for years. Cornell had performed on stage with Bennington in the past, and was even the godfather of some of his children.
The loss of his friend affected him and the band so much that they decided to perform the song "One More Light" in his memory at the Jimmy Kimmel Live! Show in Los Angeles, rather than perform a more commercially viable song from the album. It was a fitting song for them at that time because of its themes of dealing with the loss of a friend or loved one. After his death, Bennington said "I can't imagine a world without you in it" about Cornell.

Chester began to talk more openly about some of his struggles. He had previously revealed that he was a victim of child abuse and rape, but also talked about his mental issues, as well as his battles with drugs and alcohol. He described his depression and anxiety in several talk shows, and stated that he sometimes feels very upset with himself.

At Cornell's funeral, Chester sang Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah".
Midway through the One More Light Tour, On July 20th 2017, Linkin Park released a music video for "Talking to Myself" on YouTube. They were unaware that the same morning, Chester Bennington had died in his home in Los Angeles at the age of 41. News reports surfaced across the internet, and fans began to panic.

On Twitter, Mike Shinoda posted:"Shocked and heartbroken, but it's true. An official statement will come out as soon as we have one".His death was ruled as a suicide by hanging. A half-empty bottle of alcohol was found at the scene, but no other drugs were found. His housekeeper discovered his body around 9:00 a.m. PDT.
The band, friends, family and fans all paid tribute to Chester. A trending Twitter hashtag surfaced, "#RIPChester", which was used several million times, and simply listening to Linkin Park songs, fans managed to populate, and even completely fill charts with many classic Linkin Park songs, even some from Meteora and Hybrid Theory, which at the time were over 13 years old. Remembrance events were held by fans, who attended in their thousands, paying tribute to the late artist by singing songs, lighting candles and creating memorials to Chester.

His funeral was held on July 29th, at South Botanic Garden in Palos Verdes, California. Many musical tributes were held in his memory, and he was buried there.
On September 18th 2017, Linkin Park released the music video for the song "One More Light", dedicated to Chester. The song has gained nearly 1 million likes on YouTube, and has had 27 million views.
 Members 
 Current members 
 Mike Shinoda - Vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, piano (1996-Now)
 Brad Delson - Lead guitar, Vocals (1996-Now)
 Dave "Phoenix" Farrell - Bass guitar, Vocals, samples (1996-1999, then 2001-Now)
 Joe Hahn "Mr. Hahn" - Turntable, samples, programming, keyboards, backing vocals (1996-Now)
 Rob Bourdon - Drums, percussion (1996-Now)

 Former members 
 Mark Wakefield - singing (1996-1998)
 Kyle Christener - bass (1998-1999)
 Ian Hornbeck – bass (2000)
 Scott Koziol - bass (1999-2001)
 Chester Bennington - Vocals, rhythm guitar (1999-2017; his death)

 Albums 
 Studio albums 
 Hybrid Theory (2000)
 Meteora (2003)
 Minutes to Midnight (2007)
 A Thousand Suns (2010)
 Living Things (2012)
 The Hunting Party (2014)
 One More Light (2017)
Other albums 
 Xero, a demo tape (1996)
 Hybrid Theory EP (1998/2001 re-release)
 Reanimation (2002)
 Live In Texas (2003)
 Collision Course (2004) (with Jay-Z)
 "iTunes Live from SoHo" (2008)
 Road to Revolution: Live at Milton Keynes (2008)
 Songs from the Underground'' (2008)
 "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen – The Score" (2009) (with Steve Jablonsky)
 "8-Bit Rebellion!" (2010)
 "A Decade Underground" (2010)
 "Underground X: Demos" (2010)
 "A Thousand Suns+" (2011)
 "Studio Collection 2000–2012" (2013)
 "Living Things +" (2013)
 "Recharged" (2013)
 "A Light That Never Comes (Remixes)" (2014) (with Steve Aoki)

References

Other websites 
 Linkin Park web site
 Linkin Park web site on MySpace
 Minutes to Midnight album website

1996 establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
 
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from California
Nu metal bands
Warner Bros. Records artists
The 0s BC, also known as the last decade BC, only had nine years which began in 9 BC and ended in 1 BC. It was the decade before Jesus Christ was born.

Events 
 circa 4 BC? – Jesus is born in Bethlehem.
Events
 June 22 – Third Macedonian War ends with the Battle of Pydna. Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus (awarded the surname "Macedonicus" for this victory) defeat and capture Perseus of Macedon when he surrendered. This ends the Antigonid dynasty, one of the three successor empires created upon the death of Alexander the Great, and starts Roman domination of Greece.
Bissau is the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. It is also the largest city in the country; around 355,000 people live there. The city is where the Geba river flows into the Atlantic Ocean. 

The city was built by the Portuguese in 1687. It became the capital of Portuguese Guinea in 1942, and has been the capital since independence was declared, except for a short time in 1973 and 1974 when the capital was at Boe. Bissau is famous for having a carnival every year. 

The main things that come from here are peanuts, wood, coconut meat, palm oil, and rubber.

National capitals in Africa
Regions of Guinea-Bissau
Events and trends 
 Romanesque church at Vezelay has a carving completed

 1130 Innocent II is elected pope 
 1139
 Alphonso I becomes the first king of Portugal
 Second Council of the Lateran

1130s
Events and trends 
 Romanesque sculptor Gislebertus does his work at Autun, Burgundy, France
 1121 Council of Soissons is does not like the work of Pierre Abélard 
 1122
 The problem of the Investiture Controversy in the Concordat of Worms is solved
 Pierre Abélard writes Sic et Non
 1123
 First Council of the Lateran agree to the Concordat of Worms and the council says that priests must still be celibate
 The end of the reign of Emperor Toba, emperor of Japan.
 Emperor Sutoku becomes the emperor of Japan 
 1124 Honorius II is elected pope 
 1128 Geoffrey of Anjou marries Matilda who is the daughter of Henry I of England
 1128 Council of Troyes agree to the Order of the Knights Templar
 1129 Emperor Toba the emperor of Japan starts his cloistered rule.
1699 is a year in the 17th century.

The most important events 
 January 26 – Treaty of Karlowitz signed.
 March 30 – the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh made the Khalsa.
 May 1 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville starts the first European settlement in the Mississippi River Valley.
 William Dampier goes to and discovers what is at the northwest coast of Australia.

Births 
 March 23 – John Bartram the American botanist (died 1777)
 March 25 – Johann Adolf Hasse the German composer (died 1783)
 April 17 - Robert Blair the Scottish poet and cleric (died 1746)
 May 1 – Hans Joachim von Zieten the Prussian field marshal (died 1786)
 May 13 – Marquis of Pombal the Prime Minister of Portugal (died 1782)
 November 2 – Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin the French painter (died 1779)
 November 25 - Pierre Subleyras the French painter (died 1749)
 December 10 – King Christian VI of Denmark (died 1746)

Deaths 

 January 21 – Obadiah Walker the English writer (born 1616)
March 12 – Peder Griffenfeld the Danish statesman (born 1635)
April 21 – Jean Racine the French playwright (born 1639)
April 22 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz the German statesman and poet (born 1646)
May 12 – Lucas Achtschellinck the Flemish painter (born 1626)
May 15 – Edward Petre the English Jesuit and privy councillor (born 1631)
June 22 – Josiah Child the English Governor of the East India Company (born 1630)
September 26 – Simon Arnauld de Pomponne the French diplomat and minister of Louis XIV (born 1618).
August 25 – Christian V the King of Denmark and Norway (born 1646)
November 29 – Patrick Gordon the Scottish general (born 1635)
Bamberg (, , ; East Franconian: Bambärch, archaic: Babenberg) is a town in the region of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, and the seat of the district administration Bamberg. 

The town has about 70,000 inhabitants. Bamberg is an university city and administrative city. Its Lord Mayor is Andreas Starke (SPD). Beside being a modern regional centre, the city also has a cultural and historical side.

Bamberg is a famous town because it has many buildings which are very old. The basic structure of the town remained untouched through the centuries. Unlike most other German towns (such as Nürnberg), it was little damaged in World War II. Only 4.6% was totally ruined. The town centre is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Bamberg is like Rome because it is built on seven hills, each one with a church at the top. The cathedral (Dom) is on the main hill. For hundreds of years the prince-bishops of the cathedral ruled over the land. This continued until the beginning of the 19th century after which they just continued in their religious function as archbishops. 

The town centre below is built by the banks of the river Regnitz which splits into two parts. The left arm of the river is where the old town centre lies. The right arm is the Main-Danube Canal (Main-Donau-Kanal), which allows big ships to travel from the river Main to the Danube.

Bamberg town centre 

Many tourists visit the beautiful city of Bamberg. A good place to start is by the statue of Neptune in the pedestrian precinct. The Bambergers call this statue Gabelmann because Neptune is holding his three-pronged fork (“Gabel”).
The names of nearby streets tell a lot about the town history. There is the Fischstrasse (Fish Street) where fishermen used to live. This leads down to the left arm of the river Regnitz where one can see the place where the boats used to stop to load and unload their goods. There is an old slaughterhouse.  The Old Canal (Alter Kanal) runs along the east side of town, making a large island on which there are some very old buildings. The oldest buildings, dating from the 16th century, were built by tanners who became quite rich through their trade of making leather.

Bamberg’s Old Town Hall was built in the middle of the river Regnitz. It is not on the island, but it is was built by the people who drove huge beams of wood into the riverbed. Their town hall therefore stood between the south-west bank where the bishops ruled and the north-east bank where the ordinary tradespeople lived.
The Old Town Hall is the most-often photographed building of Bamberg. There are two bridges here for pedestrians: the Upper and Lower Bridge. The ancient Lower Bridge passes through the archway of the town hall. On one side there are beautiful Baroque paintings. On the other side one can still see the medieval black-and-white walls. This side was also plastered over with paintings in the Baroque times, but when a bridge nearby was blown up in World War II the plaster fell off, so it is now kept with the original medieval walls showing.
Up a steep climb on a cobbled street is the Cathedral Square (Domplatz).  All the buildings around the square are made from the local sandstone, although they date from different periods. Bamberg Cathedral (called Kaiserdom i.e. Emperor Cathedral) shows Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
Everyone should have seen the world-famed Rider or Bamberg horseman inside and many other medieval sandstone figures as well. The Ratsstube is built in the Renaissance style. The Alte Hofhaltung is medieval. It is a 15th century courtyard with a long row of two-storey buildings with a wooden gallery. Across the street from there is the New Residence (Neue Residenz) which is a Baroque palace. A walk through here leads into the famous Rose Garden (Rosengarten). From here one can see Abbey Church of St Michael at the very top of the hill. Just below, going back towards the river, is the Sandstrasse famous for its pubs and night life.

Culture 

Bamberg is home to the world-famous Bamberger Symphoniker who perform in a new concert hall a short distance from the town centre. There are also many other music groups, including the Musica Canterey Bamberg who perform old music in some of the historical buildings.
The 19th century German writer E.T.A.Hoffmann lived in Bamberg. There is a new theatre in the town centre which is named after him.

There is also an important library, the Bamberg State Library.

Traffic 

Bamberg has a railway station from where one can travel to other large towns such as Würzburg, Munich, Nuremberg, Leipzig, Berlin and Hamburg as well as to other towns in eastern Upper Franconia such as Forchheim, Lichtenfels, Coburg, and Kronach.

Bamberg is served by Bamberg-Breitenau Airfield. At "Flugplatz Bamberg-Breitenau" are operating mostly public aircraft, although it is classificated as a military airport (IATA-Code: ZCD, ICAO-Code: ETEJ). 
It is also possible to charter public flights to and from this airport. 
Most international tourists who travel by plane arrive at Frankfurt International Airport or Munich Airport. The nearest bigger airport is Nuremberg Airport which can be reached within half an hour by car or one hour by train.
Bamberg has a problem with road traffic because, although there is a bypass, it cannot go all the way round the town because of the hills. Traffic is not allowed in many streets in the town centre. There is no parking allowed in the beautiful Domplatz except on Sundays.

Because Bamberg is on a river, transport by boat has always been important. The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal begins near Bamberg. It was completed in 1992 and makes it possible for boats to travel from the North Sea to the Black Sea.

In the town itself many people travel by bus. There is also a Park-and-Ride system.

Education 
There is a University in Bamberg. About 9000 students study there. The university is spread over lots of buildings in the town centre. It is a good way to make use of many of the large, historical buildings.
There are good schools in Bamberg including 8 Gymnasien. Pupils often choose which one to go to according to the subjects they are good at, because each school is strong in a particular area: science, music, language etc.

Twin towns 
 , Bedford
 , Esztergom
 , Feldkirchen
 , Prague
 , Rodez
 , Villach

The areas of the town 
 1. Bergstadt ("Hilltown")
 2. Gaustadt (Gaustadt)
 3. Gartenstadt ("Gardentown")
 4. Bug (Bug)
 5. Wildensorg (Wildensorg)
 6. Inselstadt ("Islandtown")
 7. Bamberg-Ost ("Bamberg-East")
 8. Bamberg-Nord ("Bamberg-North")
 9. Gereuth (Gereuth)
 10. Wunderburg (Wunderburg)
 11. Gärtnerstadt ("Gardenertown")
 12. Am Klinikum-Babenberger Viertel ("At the hospital-Babenberger Quarter")

Breweries 
Bamberg is famous for its beer. There are ten breweries in the town, of which the most famous is Schlenkerla which makes smoked beer (Rauchbier).
The ten breweries are:
 Schlenkerla (since 1678)
 Spezial (since 1635)
 Kaiserdom (since 1718)
 Fässla (since 1649)
 Ambräusianum (since 2004)
 Greifenklau (since ca. 1700)
 Klosterbräu (since 1533)
 Keesmann (since 1867 managed by one family)
 Mahr (since 1602)
 Maisel (since 1894, closed 2008)

Sport teams in Bamberg 
 Basketball clubs: Brose Baskets Bamberg
 Football (soccer) clubs: 1. FC Eintracht Bamberg, ASV Gaustadt, DJK Don Bosco Bamberg, Wacker Bamberg, DJK Gaustadt, ETSV Bamberg, ASV Viktoria Bamberg, Post SV Bamberg

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official website (German, English)
 Bamberg info for visitors (English, German, French, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Spanish)
 Schlenkerla Brewery website (German, English)
 Bamberg beer guide (English)
 US Army garrison Bamberg  (English)
 Description on the UNESCO World Heritage website {English}

Upper Franconia
Diving is a form of movement downwards, either from air to ground or to water. Diving is also a sport. Diving is often done from a springboard or an elevated platform. 

Underwater diving includes Scuba diving. Scuba diving, however, is typically not considered a sport. Dives used for scuba diving are relatively simplistic. An example of this is a giant stride entry, also known as a stride dive.

Diving in water
There are six different types of dives, and four different body positions that a person can use when diving.
Types of dives 
There are six different types of dives. Four of the types depend on whether the diver is facing towards the water or away from the water, and if they rotate towards or away from the water. The other two dives can be a part of the first four. For example, a diver can do a "inward twisting" or a "forward armstand" dive. The basic types of dives are:
Forward – The diver faces towards the water and rotates forward.
Backward – The diver stands with their back towards the water and rotates backwards, away from the board.
Reverse – The diver faces towards the water and rotates backwards, towards the board.
Inward – The diver faces away from the water and rotates forward, towards the board.
Twisting – A twisting dive is any of the other dives in which the diver twists their body to the left or right. 
Armstand – An armstand dive is where the diver begins the dive from a handstand position. They are not standing on their feet at the beginning of this type of dive.