Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Emmanuel College: Notre Dame Campus is a Roman Catholic, secondary day school, located in Point Cook, a south-western suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It a branch of one of Emmanuel College's education facilities.

History

Establishment & Construction 
In 2006, the plans for Emmanuel College and the future school initiated. Construction of the education facility began in 2007 and was completed before the school's opening, ready for the school's first year of education.

Education 
The school only teaches year sevens, but will expand to educating years seven to twelve by the year 2013. It was planned for the school to expand one year level each year, so when the year sevens of 2008 become year eights, the school will teach both years seven and eight, and so on until 2013 when it would have finished this process.

Head Master and Current Staff 
The Notre Dame Campus currently enlists an unknown number of staff.

The incumbent principal is Mr. Christopher Stock (BSc DipEd MEd B.Theol).
Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) 

The VCE program will be implemented in 2012 at the Notre Dame Campus when it commences it's year 11 education.

Related pages
Emmanuel College, Melbourne
Emmanuel College: St. Paul's Campus
List of schools in Victoria

References

Other websites
Emmanuel College Website 

Schools in Australia
2008 establishments in Australia
Organizations based in Melbourne
Claudette Colbert ( ; born Émilie Claudette Chauchoin; September 13, 1903 – July 30, 1996) was an American actress.

Colbert was famous for her light comedy as well as emotional drama. She became one of the biggest box-office stars of her time. In 1999, she was ranked as the 12th greatest female star of all time by the American Film Institute in their list AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars. Colbert once said to an interviewer, "Audiences always sound like they're glad to see me, and I'm damned glad to see them."

Early life
Colbert was born on September 13, 1903, to Georges Cauchoin and his wife, the former Jeanne Loew. Her family emigrated to the United States and settled in New York City. She had one brother, Charles, who used the surname Wendling and went on to become his sister's agent. After her formal education ended, she enrolled in the Art Students League, where she paid for her dramatic training by working in a dress shop. She made her Broadway debut in 1923 in the stage production of "The Wild Wescotts". It was during this event that she adopted the name Claudette Colbert. One of the brightest film stars to grace the screen was born Emilie Claudette Chauchoin on September 13, 1903, in Saint Mandé, France where her father owned a bakery at 57, rue de la République (now Avenue Général de Gaulle). The family moved to the United States when she was three years old. She began acting in high school and in 1923 appeared on the Broadway stage in a small part
. Hooked, she gave up on her plans to be a fashion designer to instead pursue a career in acting. She made her first motion picture appearance in 1927, in For the Love of Mike, a silent movie shot on location in Paramount Studios in New York, New York facilities. However, talking movies were taking over and two years later, Colbert appeared in her first talking movie, The Hole in the Wall, co-starring another newcomer, Edward G. Robinson. Her final appearance before the cameras was in a TV movie, The Two Mrs. Grenvilles (1987). She did, however, remain on the stage where she had returned in 1956, her first love. After a series of strokes, Claudette divided her time between New York and Barbados. On July 30, 1996, Claudette died in Speightstown,Barbados. She was 92 years old.
Career 

In 1930 Colbert signed a contract with Paramount Pictures, who were looking for stage actors who could handle dialog in the new "talkies" medium. Colbert's elegant, musical voice was one of her best assets. Some of her early hit movies were Manslaughter (1930) and Honor Among Lovers (1931), both with Fredric March, The Smiling Lieutenant (1931), with Maurice Chevalier and Miriam Hopkins, and  Torch Singer (1933), with Ricardo Cortez and David Manners.

Colbert's career got a huge boost when Cecil B. DeMille cast her as the Roman empress Poppaea in his historical epic The Sign of the Cross (1932), opposite Fredric March and Charles Laughton (as Nero). In one of the most memorable scenes in movie history, Claudette bathes nude in a marble pool filled with asses' milk.
She worked again for DeMille and was dazzling as his  Cleopatra (1934), opposite Warren William and Henry Wilcoxon. In 1934 she won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role opposite Clark Gable in the Frank Capra classic screwball comedy It Happened One Night, a movie she initially described as the "worst picture in the world". Her performance, however, proved to Hollywood that she was an expert comedienne. She initially balked at pulling up her skirt to entice a passing car to give her and Gable a ride in one famous scene, complaining that it was unladylike. However, upon seeing the chorus girl who was brought in as her body double, an outraged Colbert told the director, "Get her out of here. I'll do it. That's not my leg!" Colbert then starred in the original Imitation of Life (1934), opposite Warren William and Louise Beavers.
Claudette spent the rest of the 1930s deftly alternating between romantic comedies and dramas, and found success in both: Private Worlds (1935), with Charles Boyer; She Married Her Boss (1935), with Melvyn Douglas; The Gilded Lily (1935) and The Bride Comes Home (1935), both with Fred MacMurray; Under Two Flags (1936), with Ronald Colman; Tovarich (1937), again with Boyer; Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (1938), with Gary Cooper; Zaza (1939), with Herbert Marshall; Midnight (1939), with Don Ameche; It's a Wonderful World (1939), with James Stewart; and Drums Along the Mohawk (1939), with Henry Fonda.

In addition to Capra and DeMille, Colbert was working with the top directors in the industry: Dorothy Arzner, Ernst Lubitsch, Preston Sturges, Frank Lloyd, John M. Stahl, Wesley Ruggles, Gregory La Cava, Anatole Litvak, George Cukor, Mitchell Leisen, and John Ford.
Colbert believed that her face was difficult to light and photograph, and was obsessed with not showing her "bad" side, the right, to the camera, because of a small bump that resulted from a childhood broken nose.

From 1936 to 1944, she starred in numerous programs of Cecil B. DeMille's Lux Radio Theater, which was one of the most popular dramatic radio shows at the time. In 1952, she returned to work in her native France where she stayed until 1955.
Apart from making two more Hollywood movies, she went back to Broadway in 1958 doing "The Marriage Go-Round" with Charles Boyer, earning a 1959 Tony Award nomination for her work. Also for her Chicago theatre work, in 1980 she won the Sarah Siddons Award. In 1984 she appeared with Rex Harrison in Frederick Lonsdale's "Aren't We All" at the Haymarket Theatre, London, and also the Brooks Atkinson Theatre on Broadway, presented by Douglas Urbanski.   Ms. Colbert's last movie was Parrish in 1961. She acted in numerous Broadway plays for the next twenty years. In 1987, she did a television mini-series titled The Two Mrs. Grenvilles and was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Mini-series or a Special. In 1988, she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture made for TV.  In 1989 she received the Kennedy Center Honors.
During her career, Claudette Colbert played in sixty-five movies. For her contribution to the motion picture industry, she was honoured with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Personal life
Personal life 

Colbert married twice. Her first husband was Norman Foster, an actor and later a director, whom she married in 1928 and divorced in Mexico in 1935. According to the account of the divorce in the New York Times, published on August 31, 1935, "Some secrecy surrounded the proceedings, for while Mr. Feldman [Colbert's agent] apparently was at liberty to tell of the divorce being granted, he said he could not tell where in Mexico it was obtained." The report further stated that "The Fosters created something of a sensation when they disclosed that they were trying to remain happily married while living in separate homes. But even this experiment apparently failed." Four months after her divorce, on December 24, 1935, Colbert married Dr. Joel J. Pressman, a throat specialist, who died in 1968; her former husband went on to marry the actress Sally Blane, a sister of Loretta Young.
When she retired from motion pictures, Colbert and her husband moved to Palm Springs where she operated a store for a time before moving to Barbados. The idea of moving to Barbados came to her following a visit to Noël Coward's house in Jamaica. At her home there, called Bellerive, she spent her later years as a hostess to the world's powerful and famous. Ronald Reagan was one of her guests during his presidency, as were Lillian Helman, Kirk Douglas, Jack Benny, Rex Harrison, and Slim Keith. She had a small guest house built on the property for the honeymoon of Frank Sinatra and Mia Farrow.

Colbert died at her home in Barbados, following series of small strokes during the last two years of her life at the age of 92, and she was interred there in the Parish of St. Peter Cemetery along with her mother and husband. A requiem mass was held at St. Vincent Ferrer church in New York City later.
According to an article published in August 10, 1996 issue of the Cincinnati Post, the childless Colbert left most of her estate, estimated at $3.5 million and including her Manhattan apartment and her home in Barbados, to a friend, Helen O'Hagan, a retired director of corporate relations at Saks Fifth Avenue, whom Colbert had met in 1961 on the set of Parrish, the actress's last movie. Bellerive was later bought by David Geffen.

After Colbert's death, rumors about the actress's purported lesbian relationships, including supposed affairs with Marlene Dietrich and Greta Garbo, began to circulate in the international media. In response, Colbert's friend Helen O'Hagan told the New York Daily News that the actress barely knew Dietrich or Garbo and that Colbert was "a man's lady". The purported Colbert-Dietrich relationship also was explored in the 2001 book Behind the Screen: How Gays and Lesbians Shaped Hollywood, 1910-1969 by William J. Mann, a movie historian.

Filmography
For the Love of Mike (1927)
 The Hole in the Wall (1929)
 The Lady Lies (1929)
 Young Man of Manhattan (1930)
 The Big Pond (1930) (a French version was also filmed with the same cast)
 Manslaughter (1930)
 Mysterious Mr. Parkes (1930) (French version of the 1930 movie Slightly Scarlet)
 Honor Among Lovers (1931)
 The Smiling Lieutenant (1931)
 Secrets of a Secretary (1931)
 His Woman (1931)
 Hollywood on Parade (1932) (short subject)
 The Wiser Sex (1932)
 Misleading Lady (193)
 The Man from Yesterday (1932)
 Make Me a Star (1932) (Cameo)
 The Phantom President (1932)
 The Sign of the Cross (1932)
 Tonight Is Ours (1933)
 Hollywood on Parade No. 9 (1933) (short subject)
 I Cover the Waterfront (1933)
 Three-Cornered Moon (1933)
 Torch Singer (1933)
 The Hollywood You Never See (1934) (short subject)
 Four Frightened People (1934)
 It Happened One Night (1934)
 Cleopatra (1934)
 Imitation of Life (1934)
 The Fashion Side of Hollywood (1935) (short subject)
 The Gilded Lily (1935)
 Private Worlds (1935)
She Married Her Boss (1935)
 The Bride Comes Home (1935)
 Under Two Flags (1936)
 Maid of Salem (1937)
 I Met Him in Paris (1937)
Tovarich (1937)
 Breakdowns of 1938 (1938) (short subject)
 Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (1938)
 Hollywood Goes to Town (1938) (short subject)
 Zaza (1939)
 Midnight (1939)
 It's a Wonderful World (1939)
 Drums Along the Mohawk (1939)
 Boom Town (1940)
 Arise, My Love (1940)
 Skylark (1941)
 Remember the Day (1941)
 Hedda Hopper's Hollywood No. 6 (1942) (short subject)
 The Palm Beach Story (1942)
 No Time for Love (1943)
 So Proudly We Hail! (1943)
 Since You Went Away (1944)
 Practically Yours (1944)
 Guest Wife (1945)
 Tomorrow Is Forever (1946)
 Without Reservations (1946)
 The Secret Heart (1946)
 The Egg and I (1947)
 Sleep, My Love (1948)
 Family Honeymoon (1949)
 Bride for Sale (1949)
 Three Came Home (1950)
 The Secret Fury (1950)
 Thunder on the Hill (1951)
 Let's Make It Legal (1951)
 The Planter's Wife (1952)
 Daughters of Destiny (1954)
 Royal Affairs in Versailles (1954)
 Texas Lady (1955)
 Parrish (1961)

Radio 
 Burns and Allen (04-13-1943 Guest)
Television 
 The Jack Benny Program (1951, 1 episode)
 General Electric Theater (1954-1955, 2 episodes)
 The Best of Broadway (1954, 1 episode)
 Climax! (1954-1955, 3 episodes )
 The Ford Television Theatre (1955, 2 episodes)
 Letter to Loretta (1955, 1 episode)
 Ford Star Jubilee (1956, 1 episode)
 Robert Montgomery Presents (1956, 1 episode)
 The Steve Allen Show (3 episodes, 1956-1958)
 What's My Line? (2 episodes, 1956-1959)
 Playhouse 90 (1957, 1 episode)
 Zane Grey Theater (1957-1960, 2 episodes)
 General Motors 50th Anniversary Show (1957)
 Telephone Time (1957, 1 episode)
 Suspicion (1958, 1 episode)
 Colgate Theatre (1958, 1 episode)
 The Bells of St. Mary's (1959)
 The Two Mrs. Grenvilles (1987)
Broadway 
 The Wild Westcotts (1923-1924)
 A Kiss in a Taxi (1925)
 The Ghost Train (1926)
 The Pearl of Great Price (1926)
 The Barker (1927)
 The Mulberry Bush (1927)
 La Gringa (1928)
 Within the Law (1928)
 Fast Life (1928)
 Tin Pan Alley (1928)
 Dynamo (1929)
 See Naples and Die (1929)
 Janus (1956)
 The Marriage-Go-Round (1958-1960)
 Julia, Jake and Uncle Joe (1961)
 The Irregular Verb to Love (1963)
 The Kingfisher (1978-1979)
 A Talent for Murder (1981)
 Aren't We All? (1985)

References 

 "Colbert Wealth Left to Neighbor", The Cincinnati Post, August 10, 1996

Bibliography 
 Claudette Colbert (1976), William K. Everson
 Claudette Colbert : An Illustrated Biography (1985), Lawrence J. Quirk

Other websites 

 Find-A-Grave profile for Claudette Colbert

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from Paris
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from stroke
Golden Globe Award winners
1903 births
1996 deaths
Yekaterinburg (formerly named Sverdlovsk) is a big city in the Ural mountains in the Asian part of Russia. It is the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. It has a population of 1,483,119 people. The city was started in 1723 by Vasily Tatischev and named after empress Catherine I who was the Peter the Great’s wife.

Twin cities 

Yekaterinburg is a sister city of
  - Pilsen, Czech Republic
  - San Jose, California, U.S.A., since 1992
  - Guangzhou, the People's Republic of China, since July 10 2002
  - Genoa, Italy
  - Ferentino, Italy

Related pages 
List of cities and towns in Russia

References 

1723 establishments
18th-century establishments in Russia
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Cities and towns in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Collingwood is a suburb in Melbourne, Australia. It was named after Baron Cuthbert Collingwood (1748 - 1810), an admiral of the Royal Navy.

Sport 
The Collingwood Football Club was originally based in Collingwood, but has since moved to the Lexus Centre.

References 

Suburbs of Melbourne
George Mifflin Dallas (July 10, 1792 – December 31, 1864) was an American politician and diplomat. He was the 11th vice president of the United States from 1845 to 1849, under James K. Polk. Before becoming vice president, he was a senator from Pennsylvania and the mayor of Philadelphia.

Dallas was born in Philadelphia and graduated from the College of New Jersey (now the Princeton University) in 1810.

Early life
Dallas was born in Philadelphia on July 10, 1792. His parents were Alexander James Dallas and Arabella Maria Smith Dallas. His father was the Secretary of the Treasury under United States President James Madison, and was also briefly the Secretary of War. George Dallas was given his middle name after Thomas Mifflin. Mifflin was another politician who was good friends with his father.
Dallas was the second of six children. One of his brothers, Alexander, would become the commander of Pensacola Navy Yard. He was taught privately at Quaker-run preparatory schools, before studying at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He graduated with highest honors in 1810. While at College, he did several activities, including the American Whig–Cliosophic Society. He studied law in his father's office, and he was admitted to the bar in 1813.

Pre-political career
As a new graduate, Dallas did not want to become a lawyer; he wanted to fight in the War of 1812. He gave up on that plan after his father said no. Just after this, Dallas became the private secretary of Albert Gallatin. He went to Russia with Gallatin, who was sent there to try to get it to help with peace negotiations between Great Britain and the United States. Dallas liked the opportunities he got by being in Russia, but after six months there he was told to go to London to find out whether the War of 1812 could be ended by talking. In August 1814, he arrived in Washington, D.C. and delivered a draft of Britain's peace terms. There, James Madison made him the remitter of the treasury. Since the job did not have a big workload, Dallas found time to work on understanding politics. He later became the counsel to the Second Bank of the United States.  In 1817, Dallas's father died, ending Dallas's plan for a family law practice
. He then stopped working for the Second Bank of the United States and became the deputy attorney general of Philadelphia, which lasted until 1820.
Political career

After the War of 1812, Pennsylvania's political climate was chaotic. There were two factions in that state's Democratic party vying for control. Dallas led the Philadelphia-based "Family party". The other faction was called the "Amalgamators", and it was led by future President James Buchanan.

Voters elected Dallas mayor of Philadelphia as the candidate of the Family party, after the party gained control of the city councils. However, he quickly got bored of being the mayor. He became the United States attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania in 1829, and continued in that role until 1831. In December of that year, he won a contest in the state legislature, that enabled him to become the Senator from Pennsylvania in order to complete the unexpired term of the previous senator who had resigned.
Dallas served from 13 December 1831 to 3 March 1833.  He was chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs.  Dallas did not try to get re-elected, due to both a fight over the Second Bank of the United States, and because his wife did not want to leave Philadelphia to move to Washington.

Dallas went back to his law career, and was attorney general of Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835. He was initiated to the Scottish Rite Freemasonry at the Franklin Lodge #134, Pennsylvania, and served as the Grand Master of Freemasons in Pennsylvania in 1835. Dallas was offered the role of Attorney General, but did not take it, and went back to being a lawyer.  In the lead-up to the 1844 presidential election, Dallas helped Van Buren get the Democratic nomination instead of Dallas's fellow Pennsylvanian, James Buchanan.

Vice presidency
Vice presidency

At the 1844 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, James K. Polk and Silas Wright were nominated. However, Wright did not want to be vice president, and Dallas was picked as his replacement. Dallas was not at the convention. He was woken up at his home by people from the convention who went to Philadelphia to tell him the news. Dallas accepted the nomination. The Democrats won the election with an electoral vote of 170 out of 275.
Dallas was important in the Senate, where he worked to support Polk and cast several tie-breaking votes. Dallas called for the annexation of all of the Oregon Territory and all of Mexico during the Mexican–American War, but accepted compromises that gave the United States parts of both areas. Though Dallas could not stop Polk from appointing Buchanan as Secretary of State, he helped convince Polk to appoint Robert J. Walker as Secretary of the Treasury. As vice president, Dallas tried to make himself a potential candidate for president in the 1848 election. However, his tie-breaking vote to lower a tariff destroyed much of his base in Pennsylvania, and his advocacy of popular sovereignty for slavery made more opposition against him.

Later life
Later life

In 1856, Franklin Pierce appointed Dallas minister to Great Britain, and he served as the minister until Abraham Lincoln appointed Charles F. Adams. When he started his service in England, he was called to work on the Central American question and the request made by the United States that Sir John Crampton, the British minister to the United States, should be recalled. At the end of his diplomatic career, Dallas returned to private life. He stopped getting involved in public affairs, except to condemn the Confederacy.

Death
Dallas returned to Philadelphia, where he lived until his death from a heart attack on Saturday, December 31, 1864. He was 72 when he died.

References

1792 births
1864 deaths
United States senators from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Philadelphia
19th-century American politicians
Mayors of Philadelphia
William Rufus deVane King (April 7, 1786 – April 18, 1853) was a U.S. representative from North Carolina, a senator from Alabama, and the thirteenth vice president of the United States. Excluding John Tyler and Andrew Johnson — both of whom ascended to the presidency — he was the shortest-serving person to occupy that office (45 days, see List of vice presidents of the United States by time in office).

1786 births
1853 deaths
Vice presidents of the United States
United States senators from Alabama
Politicians from North Carolina
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
Deans of the United States Senate
19th-century American politicians
Harnett County is a county in the state of North Carolina, United States.  In 2000, 91,025 people lived there.  Its county seat is Lillington.

History 
The county was made in 1855 from Cumberland County.  It was named for Cornelius Harnett.

Government 
Harnett County is a member of the Mid-Carolina Council of Governments.

Connected Counties 
Wake County, North Carolina - north-northeast
Johnston County, North Carolina - east
Sampson County, North Carolina - southeast
Cumberland County, North Carolina - south
Moore County, North Carolina - southwest
Lee County, North Carolina - northwest
Chatham County, North Carolina - north-northwest

Cities and Towns 
These cities and towns are in Harnett County:
Angier
Coats
Dunn
Erwin
Lillington

Other websites
Harnett County official website

North Carolina counties
1855 establishments in North Carolina
Chatham County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2000, 49,329 people lived there.    Now the population is more than 60,000.  Its county seat is Pittsboro.

History 
The county was made in 1771 from Orange County.

In 1907 parts of Chatham County and Moore County were combined to form Lee County.

Government 
Chatham County is part of the regional Triangle J Council of Governments.

Schools 
Chatham County has its own public school system for grades kindergarten to 12.  Central Carolina Community College also has two campuses in the county.

Coal Mines 
Chatham County has the only coal mines in North Carolina.  Coal mining used to be very important to the county, but in the 1920s a bad accident in one of the mines killed many workers.  By the 1940s all the mines had closed.  Some people have tried to open the mines back up, but the mines are too dangerous.  Right now none of the mines are open.
New Houses 
Many builders are building new houses in Chatham County right now.  Some people in the county do not like this because they do not want Chatham County to have a lot of people.  A lot of people want to live in Chatham County because they do not have to pay as much tax as people in other North Carolina counties do.  But other people think it is good that a lot of people want to live in the county because then the county will make more money from taxes.

Connected Counties 
Orange County, North Carolina - north
Durham County, North Carolina - northeast
Wake County, North Carolina - east
Harnett County, North Carolina - southeast
Lee County, North Carolina - south
Moore County, North Carolina - southwest
Randolph County, North Carolina - west
Alamance County, North Carolina - northwest

Cities and Towns 
These cities and towns are in Chatham County:
Fearrington
Goldston
Pittsboro
Siler City
Roads 
These are the most important roads in Chatham County:
 U.S. Highway 64
 U.S. Highway 421
  U.S. Highway 15-501

Other websites
Chatham County Government
Chatham County Travel Website
Chatham Journal Newspaper
Chatham Online Bulletin Board 

 
1771 establishments
1770s establishments in North Carolina
Carteret County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2000, 59,383 people lived there.  Its county seat is Beaufort. Most of the county is part of the Crystal Coast.

Government 
Carteret County is part of the Eastern Carolina Council of Governments.

Connected Counties
Craven County (north)
Pamlico County (north)
Onslow County (west-southwest)
Jones County (west-northwest)

Cities and Towns 
These cities and towns are in Carteret County:
Atlantic Beach
Beaufort
Bogue
Cape Carteret
Cedar Point
Emerald Isle
Indian Beach
Morehead City
Newport
Peletier
Pine Knoll Shores

Schools
The county has its own public school system called Carteret County Schools.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Carteret County News-Times

 
1739 establishments
1730s establishments in North Carolina
The Doctor is the central character in the long-running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. 

She is an alien, a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey. The Doctor travels in his space-time-ship, the TARDIS, (Time And Relative Dimensions In Space) with which she can go anywhere in time and space. Because the TARDIS's chameleon circuit is broken, it looks like an old British police-call box permanently. The Doctor often takes other people with him, who are usually called "companions" or "assistants". They are always 21st century humans in the modern series, however the classic series often had human-looking aliens or people from the past or future. The most recent companion is Ruby Sunday.
Biography
The Doctor did not want to stay on Gallifrey any longer, so he "borrowed" an old Type 40 TARDIS. In the TARDIS he and his granddaughter Susan Foreman left their home planet Gallifrey. They stayed for a time on Earth in the 1960s, where Susan also went to school. Her teachers, Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton, discovered the TARDIS. They traveled for a while with the Doctor, and returned to Earth two years later. After them the Doctor often took other people with him on his travels.
Anatomy and regeneration
As a Gallifreyan the Doctor looks like a human on the surface, but there are differences. One well-known difference is that The doctor has two hearts. As a Time Lord the Doctor can also regenerate, if doctor whos body is badly hurt and the doctor dies. During the regeneration, the body is healed and renewed, which includes a different appearance and personality. The regenerated person is the same person, with the same memories and basic personality traits; but the person also looks different and a changed personality. Because of this the Doctor could be played by different actors. This made it possible for the series to be filmed over a time of nearly fifty years without having to actually "change" the character.
Incarnations and actors of the Doctor
Up until now, the Doctor has regenerated Fifteen times, Regeneration can be controlled, but is usually decided without the doctor knowing his or her next face.
First Doctor – William Hartnell (1963–1966)
Second Doctor – Patrick Troughton (1966–1969)
Third Doctor – Jon Pertwee (1970–1974)
Fourth Doctor – Tom Baker (1974–1981)
Fifth Doctor – Peter Davison (1981–1984)
Sixth Doctor – Colin Baker (1984–1986)
Seventh Doctor – Sylvester McCoy (1987–1989, 1996)
Eighth Doctor – Paul McGann (1996)
War Doctor – John Hurt (2013)
Ninth Doctor – Christopher Eccleston (2005)
Tenth Doctor – David Tennant (2005–2010)
Eleventh Doctor – Matt Smith (2010–2013)
Twelfth Doctor – Peter Capaldi (2013–2017)
Thirteenth Doctor – Jodie Whittaker (2017–2022)
Fourteenth Doctor - David Tennant (2022–2023)
Fifteenth Doctor - Ncuti Gatwa (announced 2023–)
The Doctor has been played by other actors in other media, in theatre plays, parodies, etc. But these are not officially part of the Doctor Who storyline. Notable among them are:
 Dr. Who and the Daleks and Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD – Peter Cushing (1965/1966)
 Scream of the Shalka and The Feast of the Stone – Richard E. Grant (2003)

References

Other websites 
 The Doctor on the TARDIS Index File

Doctor Who characters
Sir Roger Penrose Kt OM FRS (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist. He is Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the  University of Oxford and emeritus fellow of Wadham College.

Penrose won the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly, in 2020. Previously he had won the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics, which he shared with Stephen Hawking for the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems.

Works
He is renowned for his work in astrophysics with Stephen Hawking, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. He is also a recreational mathematician and philosopher.

Roger Penrose is the brother of mathematician Oliver Penrose and chess grandmaster Jonathan Penrose. His sister, now Shirley Hodgson, is a notable geneticist. He was born in Colchester, Essex, England. He was awarded the Copley Medal in 2008. 

In 2020, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Reinhard Genzel and Andrea M. Ghez.
Works
Techniques of Differential Topology in Relativity. 1972, 
Spinors and Space-Time, volume 1: Two-spinor calculus and relativistic fields. (with Wolfgang Rindler) 1987.  
Spinors and Space-Time, volume 2: Spinor and twistor methods in space-time geometry. (with Wolfgang Rindler) 1988.  
The Emperor's New Mind: concerning computers, minds, and the laws of physics. 1989. ; it received the Rhone-Poulenc science book prize in 1990.
Shadows of the Mind: a search for the missing science of consciousness. 1994.  
The nature of space and time (with Stephen Hawking, 1996,  hardback  (paperback)
The large, the small, and the human mind  (with Abner Shimony, Nancy Cartwright, and Stephen Hawking) 1997.  (hardback),  (paperback), Canto edition: )
White Mars or, the mind set free with Brian W. Aldiss. 1999.  (hardback)
The Road to Reality: a complete guide to the laws of the Universe. 2004.  (hardcover),  (paperback)
Cycles of Time: an extraordinary new view of the Universe. 2010. Bodley Head.

References
References 

1931 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of University College London
British Nobel Prize winners
English mathematicians
English physicists
English science writers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Jewish British academics
Jewish British scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Wolf Prize winners
Order of Merit
People from Essex
British theoretical physicists
Arthur is a children's animated television series that aired on PBS Kids in the United States. The main age range for this series is 3 to 9. It is based on the Arthur book series that is written and illustrated by Marc Brown. The series has 253 episodes (including specials) made from October 1996 to February 2022.

Characters
Children
 Arthur Timothy Read is the title character of the series. He is an 8 year old third-grade student. He has two younger sisters, Dora Winifred (D.W.) and Kate. He likes reading, watching television, playing sports, being a pianist, and spending time with his friends. Arthur is normally used as an everyman who sees the good in others.
 Alex is a gray rabbit, Alex is normally seen wearing a tan collared sweater, long brown jeans, and blue and white sneakers. In the episode Buster's Dino Dilemma Alex wore a white shirt that had purple on it, purple shorts with green on it, long green socks, and red and white sneakers., He  can be quite mischievous, but is still easygoing, but is very shy, his family is rarely shown in the series.
Alan "The Brain" Powers is one of Arthur's classmates and friends. He is the smartest of the gang. He excels in academics and athletics. He spends his free time working at his parents' ice cream parlor, while also managing a career as an amateur soccer player. "Brain" and his family celebrate Kwanzaa as revealed in Arthur's Perfect Christmas. He is of Senegalese descent.
 Alberto Molina, age 13, is one of Arthur's newer friends and neighbors. He became a character during Season 6, after Mr. Sipple left. Alberto and his family are from Ecuador. He practices kendo in his spare time, and enjoys reading "El Conejo Bionico", the Spanish version of Bionic Bunny.
Binky Barnes is one of Arthur and his gang's members, who has acted as a bully in earlier episodes. Binky is a stereotypical bully, who secretly has sensitive and caring feelings. He enjoys studying the fine arts, including playing the clarinet and performing ballet. He is the leader of a "bully clique" known as the Tough Customers who, in later seasons, become less bully-like. He is also a great dancer, especially at ballet. He has peanut allergies.
 Bud Compson is Ladonna's younger brother. He is frequently seen hanging out with D.W.. He has an imaginary friend, who is a toy stuffed dinosaur, named Rapty.
 Buster Baxter is Arthur's best friend and a member of Arthur's gang. Buster enjoys watching television, eating, reading works of science fiction (particularly about aliens), and playing video games. Buster lives with his mother, Bitzi. He sometimes travels with his father, who is a pilot. Buster also had his own spin-off series, entitled Postcards from Buster.
Catherine Frensky is Francine's older sister, who is 16 years old. She reads teen magazines and loves horses.
 Francine Alice Frensky is a monkey who loves sports, drumming, guitar and singing. She is often blunt and outspoken. She is 8–10 years old, Jewish and of Polish descent. Francine is best friends with Muffy Crosswire. Francine is a sport player, drummer, guitar and singer.
 Dora Winifred "D.W." Read is Arthur's little sister. She goes to preschool. She enjoys watching children's television shows, such as Mary Moo Cow, and going to preschool. She has an imaginary friend named Nadine. Many of the series' plots revolve around tensions between D.W. and her brother. She is usually portrayed as bratty, but she deeply cares about Arthur.
 Emily is one of D.W.'s classmates and best friends. She first met D.W. in a gymnastics class. She is French, and has lots of money.
Fern Walters is one of Arthur's classmates. She is often shy and quiet. She enjoys reading mystery novels. Fern's mother, Doria, tries to get Fern to become more outgoing.
 George Lundgren is one of Arthur's classmates. He is well known in his class for being a ventriloquist, performing with his dummy, Wally. He has dyslexia. Initially, he appeared as a minor character, but starting from Season 9, he was joined with Arthur's gang.
 Jenna Morgan is a minor character in Arthur's grade. She plays badminton. She helps coach soccer. She received an Athlete of the Year award from Michelle Kwan. She is allergic to milk. Jenna has nocturnal enuresis, otherwise known as bedwetting.
 Kate Read is Arthur and D.W.'s baby sister. Starting from Season 6, she occasionally talks to the Reads' dog, Pal; Binky's baby sister, Mei Lin; the Molina family's dog, Amigo; and Grandma Thora's dog, Killer.
Ladonna Compson is a Louisiana native who made her debut on the show in Season 16. She tells stories very often, and has a lot of relatives. She has a younger brother named Bud.
 Marina Datillo is Prunella's best friend. She does not appear very often. She is blind. She is obsessed with Henry Skreever, the show's parody of Harry Potter. She and Prunella met when Prunella unwillingly received a Braille edition of the latest Henry Skreever novel and let Marina borrow it. Since then, they have become best friends. Marina is good at yoga.
 Maria Pappas is a is a rabbit in Mr. Ratburn's class. Her clothing usually consists of a striped shirt with blue dress. Her hair is brown, She is mostly seen with Alex, much like him, Maria is very shy and her family is also rarely shown in the series.
 Mei Lin is Binky's little sister who was adopted from China. She enjoys talking to Baby Kate. She and her brother are very close to each other.
Mary Alice "Muffy" Crosswire is Francine's best friend, though they are opposites in many ways. She is the wealthiest girl in school, the stereotypical rich/spoiled girl, and tends to be extremely self-centered. Her behavior occasionally leads her into trouble with her friends.
 Molly MacDonald is close friends with Binky and a bigger bully than him at times. She is known to be good at giving advice.
 Prunella Deegan is a grade above Arthur and his friends. She is somewhat snobbish and condescending towards the younger kids. She is interested in yoga, fortune telling, and paranormal phenomena. She is a big fan of Henry Skreever,
 Rattles is another member of the Tough Customers, in fourth grade at Lakewood and like Molly, he can also be a bigger bully than Binky at times. Rattles has been a Tough Customer member since the first season of the program. He is very good at chess.
Rubella Deegan is Prunella's older teen sister. She is very spiritual and obsessed with psychic and paranormal phenomena. She is typically depicted as a mystic. She often talks in a very dramatic tone. She often chides Prunella.
 Sue Ellen Armstrong is a transfer to Arthur's school. Her father is a diplomat, and so her family has lived in various spots around the world. She is interested in world culture, and has a black-belt in the martial arts.
 Timmy Tibble He is one brother in a group of evil twins who routinely annoy Arthur, D.W. and mostly everyone else with their mischievous behavior, bullying and crime. Timmy wears a blue scarf and is the more mischievous of the twins.
 Tommy Tibble He is the other brother in the group of evil twins. Tommy wears a red scarf.
 Vicita Molina is Arthur's new neighbor who moved in after Mr. Sipple moved out, introduced in Season 6. She's three and seven-eighths, in her own proud words. She often plays with D.W. and the Tibbles. Her family is from Ecuador.
The adults
 Mr. Armstrong: Sue Ellen's father, a diplomat.
 Mrs. Armstrong: Sue Ellen's mother, is a homemaker with a penchant for exotic clothes.
 Bailey: Muffy's chauffeur, and the Crosswire family's butler. He also has a notable talent in creating kinetic art, and follows Muffy's orders without question. He is 37 years old.
 Mr. Barnes: Binky's father.
 Mrs. Barnes: Binky's mother, who is a nurse.
 Bitzi Baxter: Buster's mom, the editor-in-chief of the Elwood City Times. She's overprotective of Buster and a frantic character.
 Bo Baxter: Buster's father, who is divorced. He is a pilot. Buster flies with him around the United States in the spin-off series, Postcards from Buster. In Postcards from Buster, he is shown with short brown hair and glasses. However, during his few appearances in earlier seasons of Arthur, his face is noticeably hidden from view, for instance behind a newspaper. He looks almost exactly like Harry, Bitzi Baxter's former boyfriend. His physical appearance has changed several times.
Cisely Compson: Ladonna and Bud's mother.
 David L. Read: Arthur, D.W., and Kate's father. Mr. Read runs a catering business from home and is frequently shown garnishing trays of hors d'oeuvres in the family kitchen.
 Doria Walters: Fern's mother. She works for a real estate company and is very confident and encouraging in her daughter.
 Ed Crosswire: Muffy's father, the owner of a car dealership called "Crosswire Motors." It was revealed that he never attended college; rather he received an honorary degree after his donation of a library. He is also the coach of the soccer team.
 "Grandma" Thora Read: Grandma Thora is Arthur and D.W.'s paternal grandmother, who is quite caring, but tends towards being a bad cook. Grandma Thora is based on Brown's own grandmother Thora, who encouraged him by saving his childhood drawings in a bottom drawer.
"Grandpa" Dave: An aardvark. Grandpa Dave is Arthur and D.W.'s maternal grandfather. He used to live on the family farm, which had been in the family for 150 years. In the Season 15 episode "Grandpa Dave's Memory Album," he showed symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and had to move closer to the Reads.
 Francis Haney: Mr. Haney is the lovable yet absentminded principal of Arthur's school. He, like George, suffers from dyslexia. He also seems to have bad luck: something goes wrong almost everywhere he goes. In the episode "The Hallway Minotaur" from Season 20, it was revealed that he had moved away to build a school in Tanzania. Miss Tingley has since replaced him as the principal.
 Jane Read: Arthur and D.W.'s mother. Mrs. Read is a work-at-home tax accountant.
 Laverne Frensky: Francine's mother.
 Mr. Marco: Arthur's second grade teacher. He appears in some episodes in Season 1.
 Marie-Helene: Emily's French nanny.
 Millicent Crosswire: Muffy's mother. She likes opera.
Ramon Molina: Arthur's new neighbor. Moved into Mr. Sipple's house when he moved out in Season 6.
 Mrs. Molina: Arthur's new neighbor; Ramon's wife. Moved into Mr. Sipple's house when he moved out in Season 6.
 Mrs. Morgan: Jenna's mother.
 Ms. Morgan: D.W.'s preschool teacher.
 Mr. Morris: The Lakewood Elementary School cleaner. In the double-length episode "April 9," he moved to Roswell, New Mexico to live with his daughter after breaking his leg during a fire at the school.
 Mr. Sipple: Arthur's odd next-door neighbor from Season 1 to 6, who enjoys barbecuing fish late at night and comes from a place where making faces on a bike means to bring the biker a cabbage. He moves out in Season 6, and the Molinas move in to his home.
 Nigel Charles Ratburn: Mr. Ratburn is Arthur and his friends' teacher. His passions are homework and puppetry; he also enjoys magic tricks and spent a summer working at Jack's Joke Shop. He is also knowledgeable about nearly everything, but is noticeably incompetent with computers.
Oliver Frensky: Francine's dad, who works as an sanitation engineer for the local city dump. He states he was formerly a volunteer firefighter. He is somewhat childish but optimistic in nature. He coaches the baseball team.
 Paige Turner: Ms. Turner is the friendly librarian at the Elwood City Library.
 Mr. Powers: Brain's father.
 Mrs. Powers: Brain's mother, who owns and runs the ice cream shop. Mrs. Powers originally had brown hair for the first season, but Season 8 shows Mrs. Powers with yellow hair, and starting from Season 16, her hair was brown again.
 Rufus Compson: Ladonna and Bud's father. He works for the Army Corps of Engineers.
 Leah MacGrady:  Mrs. MacGrady is the lunch lady at Lakewood Elementary school, where Arthur and his friends study. She is full of unconventional wisdom, and is Grandma Thora's bingo buddy. She commonly wears a pink shirt and white pants.
Miss Sweetwater:  She is also a third grade teacher in another Lakewood Elementary School class. She mostly does fun things to her students like singing songs (such as "I Like Fudge") on her guitar.
 Mrs. Tibble: The grandmother of Tommy and Timmy Tibble. (In early Arthur books, Mrs. Tibble is a human, however many newer books and the show have her as a bear.)
 Miss Cecilia Tingley: The current principal of Lakewood Elementary. She has been shown to be very strict, and enforces rules quite often.
 Mr. Walters, a dog, Fern's father. He was first seen in Season 11, in the episode Phony Fern.
 Wanda Deegan, a poodle. Prunella and Rubella's mother. She enjoys yoga.
Films
 Arthur The Movie: Francine Sings DVD and VHS on October 10, 2000 by Touchstone Home Video.
 Arthur Double Trouble DVD and VHS on February 6, 2001 by Touchstone Home Video.
 Arthur The Movie 2: D.W. & Francine Goes the Arizona DVD and VHS on May 20, 2003 by Touchstone Home Entertainment.
 Arthur's Missing Pal DVD on August 22, 2006 by Lionsgate Home Entertainment.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 
 

Arthur 1
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The Gray langur or Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus) is a genus of colobine monkey. They are found in southeast Asia. The word "langur" means 'having a long tail'. It is commonly called the leaf monkey. They usually live in small groups of between 2 and 10 individuals. They mainly eat leaves, as well as some fruit. Langur spend most of their time in trees. They have white fur and black faces. They are considered sacred animals therefore the "National social mammal of India".

References 

Old World monkeys
Mammals of Asia
National symbols of India
WWE Raw is the Monday night professional wrestling television program, made by WWE in 1993. WWE Raw is usually seen as WWE's flagship program over its sister programs, WWE SmackDown, WWE NXT and WWE Main Event, due to its longer history and the way it is promoted.

History

Original format
Original format 

Starting as WWF Monday Night Raw, the program first started on January 11, 1993 on the USA Network for one hour. The original Raw broke new ground in televised professional wrestling. Traditionally, wrestling shows were taped on sound stages with small viewers or at big arena shows. The Raw formula was very different than that of its predecessor, Prime Time Wrestling. Instead of taped matches, with studio voice overs and taped chat, Raw was a show shot to a live viewers, with angles as they happened. The first episode had Yokozuna winning against Koko B. Ware, The Steiner Brothers winning against The Executioners, WWF Intercontinental Champion Shawn Michaels winning against Max Moon and The Undertaker winning against Damien Demento. The show also featured an interview with Razor Ramon.
Raw came from the Grand Ballroom at Manhattan Center Studios, a small New York City theater and played live each week. The combination of an intimate venue and live action proved highly successful. However, the weekly live schedule proved to be a financial drain on the WWF, and taped shows began airing every other week. From early 1994 to September 1999, Raw was shown live on one Monday and then the next day (Tuesday) next Monday's Raw was taped. This meant that Raw was live one week and taped the next.

The storylines and characters during the early years of Raw still had a healthy dose of the old Federation "gimmick-heavy" style. For example, there were moments such as Irwin R. Schyster tearing up Tatanka's headdress, the different "Undertaker sightings" (during the Undertaker vs. Undertaker storyline, leading up to SummerSlam 1994); and characters like Duke "The Dumpster" Droese, Doink the Clown, or Thurman "Sparky" Plugg.
Raw was also one of a kind, in which they covered the unexpected, exciting moments, a prelude to the "Attitude Era", in which it coined Raw as "Uncut, Uncensored, Uncooked." Some of those moments are Razor Ramon losing a match unexpectedly to Sean "The 1-2-3 Kid" Waltman, who was later known as X-Pac, Marty Jannetty beating Shawn Michaels to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship, and Raw was the first WWF television program of any kind to show footage of Lex Luger bodyslamming Yokozuna at the USS Intrepid.