Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
He was born in 1953, the son of Grand Ayatollah Muhsin Al-Hakim, the spiritual leader of the world's Shi'a from 1955-1970. He played a leading role in the Safar Intifada in 1977 and was imprisoned in 1972, 1977 and 1979. He went into exile in Iran in 1980, where he was a founder member in 1982 of SCIRI and headed their military wing, the Badr Brigade. He the top candidate listed for the United Iraqi Coalition during the first Iraqi legislative election of January 2005 but has not sought a government post because the Alliance had decided not to include theologians in the government.

Sources
 Background

1953 births
2009 deaths
Iraqi politicians
Gil Vicente Futebol Clube, commonly known as Gil Vicente, is a Portuguese football club that plays in Barcelos. It currently plays in the Primeira Liga, the top division of football in Portugal. The team is named after the Portuguese playwright of the same name.

Honours
 Segunda Liga
 Winners (2): 1998–99, 2010–11

 Taça da Liga
 Runners-up (1): 2011–12

Managerial history

  José Maria Furtado (1974–75)
  José Carlos (1986–88)
  Mário Reis (1988–89)
  Rodolfo Reis (1989–91)
  António Oliveira (July 1, 1991 – June 30, 1992)
  Vítor Oliveira (1992–95)
  Bernardino Pedroto (1995–96)
  Fernando Festas (1996–97)
  Diamantino Miranda (1997–98)

  Henrique Nunes (1998)
  Álvaro Magalhães (1998–00)
  Luís Campos (2000–02)
  Vítor Oliveira (2002–03)
  Luís Campos (July 1, 2003 – Oct 28, 2004)
  Ulisses Morais (Oct 28, 2004 – March 7, 2006)
  Paulo Alves (March 7, 2006 – May 15, 2008)
  Prof. Neca (May 26, 2008 – Nov 17, 2008)
  Manuel Ribeiro (interim) (Nov 18, 2008 – Feb 16, 2009)
João Eusébio (Feb 17, 2009 – May 25, 2009)
  Rui Quinta (June 6, 2009 – Feb 27, 2010)
  Paulo Alves (March 5, 2010 – May 13)
  João de Deus (May 30, 2013 – Aug 31 2014)
  José Mota (Sept 2, 2014 – May 26, 2015)
  Nandinho (May 28, 2015 – May 11, 2016)
  Vítor Oliveira (2019-2020)
  Rui Almeida (July - November 2020)
  Ricardo Soares (November 13, 2020 - Present)

References

Other websites
  

20th-century establishments in Portugal
1924 establishments in Europe
Portuguese football clubs
The Portugal national under-19 football team represents Portugal in international football at this age level and is controlled by Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, the governing body for Portuguese football.

Competitive record

UEFA European Under-19 Championship

References

Other websites
Portugal U19 Soccerway Profile

European national football teams
Football in Portugal
National youth sports teams of Portugal
Kyle Andrew Walker (born 28 May 1990) is an English footballer. He plays as a right-back for Premier League club Manchester City and the English national team.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Queens Park Rangers
Football League Championship: 2010–11

Tottenham Hotspur
Football League Cup runner-up: 2014–15

Manchester City
Premier League: 2017–18, 2018–19
FA Cup: 2018–19
EFL Cup: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21
FA Community Shield: 2018, 2019

England U19
UEFA European Under-19 Championship runner-up: 2009

England
UEFA Nations League third place: 2018–19

Individual
UEFA European Under-21 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2011
PFA Young Player of the Year: 2011–12
PFA Team of the Year: 2011–12 Premier League, 2016–17 Premier League, 2017–18 Premier League
FIFA FIFPro World11 2nd team: 2018
FIFA FIFPro World11 nominee: 2019 (11th defender)

References

Other websites

Profile at the Manchester City F.C. website
Profile at the Football Association website
1990 births
Living people
English footballers
Association football defenders
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Premier League players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Black British sportspeople
Sportspeople from Sheffield
The 2020–21 Premier League was the 29th season of the Premier League, the top division of football in England. Liverpool were the defending champions, having won their nineteenth league title in the previous season. The season was initially scheduled to start on 8 August, but was delayed until 12 September due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Teams

Stadiums and locations 

Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

Personnel and kits

Managerial changes

League table

Results

Season statistics

Scoring

Top scorers

Hat-tricks 

Notes
4 Player scored 4 goals(H) – Home team(A) – Away team

Most assists

Clean sheets

Discipline

Player 

 Most yellow cards: 11
 Harry Maguire (Manchester United)

 Most red cards: 2
 Lewis Dunk (Brighton & Hove Albion)

Club 

 Most yellow cards: 65
Sheffield United

 Most red cards: 6
Brighton & Hove Albion

Awards

Monthly awards

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

2020–21 in European football
Premier League
Premier League seasons
TIAA Bank Field is an American football stadium located in Jacksonville, Florida that primarily serves as the home for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). The stadium opened in 1995 as Jacksonville Municipal Stadium on the site of the old Gator Bowl Stadium (erected 1927), and included some portions of the older stadium. Located on the St. John’s River, it sits on 10 acres of land in Downtown Jacksonville. 

National Football League venues
Sports buildings in Florida
The Ireland national football team were the past Ireland national football team that lasted from 1882 to 1950. It was controlled by the Irish Football Association.

Team colours and emblems

Honours 
Up to 1950

 British Home Championship
 Winners: 1 (1914)
 Shared title: 1 (1903)
 Runners up: 5 (1904, 1926, 1928, 1938, 1947)

World Cup record 

 1930 – Did not enter
 1934 – Did not enter
 1938 – Did not enter
 1950 – Did not qualify

References

Other websites 

 The Irish FA
 Northern) Ireland – International Results
 British Home Championship 1903
 British Home Championship 1914

European national football teams
Football in Ireland
Football in Northern Ireland
1882 establishments in the United Kingdom
1950s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1950 disestablishments
When doing industrial fishing, people want to catch certain species of fish. When they are using nets, they will also catch other species. These are called bycatch or by-catch. Most of the time, the animals caught will be severely injured or killed.  Most of these species are thrown back into ithe sea, but some of the bycatch is used. The exact amount of bycatch is not known. There are estimates that up to a quarter of the total may be bycatch. When catching shrimp, up to eighty percent may be bycatch.  Another problem is that the amount of bycatch is not recorded, and does not show up in statistics.

Fishing
Childhood schizophrenia is a mental health issue that develops in children age 13 and under. The condition is similar to adult schizophrenia. With child schizophrenia, symptoms are disorganzed speech, hallucinations, negative symptoms and cogntive impairments.

Child schizophrenia often happens at or after age seven.

References

Schizophrenia
Équancourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Équennes-Éramecourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) are a United States nonprofit organization. ADA seek to educate the public on diabetes and anyone affected by it. That includes type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes and other forms of the disease.

The ADA were founded in 1940.

References

1940 establishments in the United States

Medical and health organizations in the United States
Diabetes mellitus
Mehring is a municipality in Altötting, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.

References

Altötting (district)
CS1 German-language sources (de)
Coordinates on Wikidata
Agnes Bluhm  (9 January 1862 – 12 November 1943) was one of the first female doctors of medicine in Germany. She was a gynecologist, geneticist and fighter for women's rights. Despite this, she thought that for women, motherhood was more important than a career.  She believed that German women could improve the race using eugenics and forced sterilisation. She wrote that the "female psyche" made her gender predisposed towards working for "racial hygiene". 

1862 births
1940 deaths
German doctors
People from Istanbul
Gynecologists
Perach is a municipality in Altötting, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.

References

Altötting (district)
CS1 German-language sources (de)
Coordinates on Wikidata
Toby Albertine Maurits Alderweireld (born 2 March 1989) is a Belgian football player. He plays as a defender for Royal Antwerp and the Belgium national team.

References 

1989 births
Belgian footballers
Association football defenders
2014 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Premier League players
Sportspeople from Antwerp
Living people
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Erches is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
The Russian flu, red influenza or red flu in 1977 was a pandemic.  Many people became sick with influenza. The Soviet Union first reported it in 1977, but it may have started in China that May. Mostly people under the age of 25 became sick.  About 700,000 people died. This pandemic was caused by H1N1 influenza virus, which is very similar to the virus strain that spread worldwide from 1946 to 1957.

References

Diseases caused by viruses
1977 in Europe
Frequent urination is the urge to urinate more often than usual. Diuretics are substances that cause frequent urination. The most common cause of frequent urination is an infection of the urinary tract. Frequent urination does not need to be linked to a disease, though: things like being pregnant or being stressed can also cause it. 

Symptoms
Thomas Meunier (born 12 September 1991) is a Belgian football player. He plays as a right-back for Borussia Dortmund and the Belgium national team.

References 

1991 births
Belgian footballers
Association football defenders
UEFA Euro 2016 players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
People from Luxembourg (Belgium)
Living people
Borussia Dortmund players
Jan Bert Lieve Vertonghen (born 24 April 1987) is a Belgian football player. He plays as a centre-back for Benfica and the Belgium national team.

References 

1987 births
Belgian footballers
Association football defenders
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Premier League players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
People from East Flanders
Living people
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Ercheu is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Ercourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Cusihuiriachi is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is Cusihuiriachi. The municipality covers an area of 1,810.3 km².

In 2010, the municipality had a total population of 5,414.

References 

Municipalities of Chihuahua
Wasquehal is a commune. It is in the Nord department in northern France.

Communes in Nord
Ayatollah Sayed Mohammed Baqir (or Bakr) al-Hakim (1939 - August 29, 2003) was the foremost Shia Muslim leader in Iraq until his assassination in a terrorist bombing that killed him and 80 others as they were leaving a mosque in Najaf.  He was the son of Ayatollah Muhsin Al-Hakim, the worldwide leader of Shia Muslims from 1955 to 1970.

Al-Hakim co-founded the modern Islamist political movement in Iraq in the 1960s, along with Ayatollah Sayed Mohammed Baqir Al-Sadr, with whom he worked closely until the latter's death in 1980.  Though not among the most hard-line of Islamists, Al-Hakim was seen as dangerous by the ruling Baath regime, largely because of his agitation on behalf of Iraq's majority Shia population (the ruling regime was comprised mostly of Sunnis).  This led to his arrest in 1972, but he was released shortly thereafter.
Safely in Iran, Al-Hakim became an open enemy of the Baathists, forming the Supreme Council of the Islamic Resistance in Iraq (SCIRI), a revolutionary group dedicated to overthrowing Saddam Hussein's regime.  In 1983, Hussein responded by arresting 125 members of Al-Hakim's family who had remained in Iraq, and executing 18 of them.  This further embittered Al-Hakim's view of the Baathists in general and Hussein in particular.  With Iranian aid, SCIRI became an armed resistance group, periodically making cross-border attacks on Iraqi facilities, maintaining covert connections with resistance elements within the country, and generally being a perennial thorn in Hussein's side.

Al-Hakim returned to Iraq in May 2003 following the overthrow of Hussein's regime by the US-led invasion of Iraq.  There he emerged as one of the most influential Iraqi leaders, with his longtime opposition to Hussein gaining him immense credibility, especially among the majority Shia population.
Initially he was very critical of the US-led occupation of Iraq, saying "we do not put confidence in the Americans, they have always acted against the interests of the Iraqi people" and urging Iraqis not to follow the US's administration's dictates.  However, he did give the US credit for overthrowing the hated Baathist regime, and through the summer of 2003 indicated some willingness to work with the Americans in setting up a civilian government in Iraq.  By the time of his death, he remained distrustful, but urged Iraqis to abandon violence, at least for the time being, and give the interim government a chance to earn their trust.
It is unclear (as of late August 2003) who was behind the massive bomb attack that killed him.  A spokesman for SCIRI in London suggested that supporters of Saddam Hussein may have been behind the attack; others suggest it may have been orchestrated by Sunnis not necessarily connected to Hussein who are opposed to the increasing Shia influence in the country; a few suggest it may have been carried out by hard-line Shia groups critical of Al-Hakim's increasingly conciliatory line towards the United States.  However, as his assassination comes in the midst of a pattern of violence against Shia clerics in Najaf in recent weeks (Al-Hakim is the fourth to be assassinated), it is considered likely that the attack was motivated by anti-Shia sentiment rather than by a conflict between Shia moderates and hardliners.

1939 births
2003 deaths
John Whiteaker (May 4, 1820-October 2, 1902) was an American politician, a Democrat, and served as the first state Governor of Oregon from 1859 until 1862. 

Born in Dearborn County, Indiana to farmers, Whiteaker only spent six months of formal schooling, and as a result, was almost entirely self-educated. Before moving west, he had performed odd jobs, carpentry, and volunteered for military service during the Mexican War, although his unit was never called into battle. In 1849, he joined the California Gold Rush, earning enough to move his family to a farm in Lane County, Oregon. Once in Oregon he became active in Democratic Party activities, Elected to office first as Judge of the Probate Court for Lane County (1856), then as a legislator in the Territorial Legislature (1857).
Governorship
Oregon was preparing for statehood in 1857, as voters had just approved a state constitution. Whiteaker was selected as a Democratic faction's nominee in the first state gubernatorial election, held in June 1858. Whiteaker won by a margin of 1,138, and was innagurated July 8, 1858. He did not assume office until word that Congress had passed Oregon's statehood bill on February 14, 1859. Technicaly, Oregon had two governors in the interrum, as Territorial Governor George Law Curry, was legally in charge until the state government-in-waiting was legally empowererd to take control.
Once in office, the new governor set out to untangle the large amounts of land claims and counter claims on public lands. He also promoted economic policies favoring home industries, products that Oregonians could make self-sufficiently. Although nicknamed "Honest John", this did not deflect his controversial stands on issues of national importance. Whiteaker held pro-slavery views which did not sit well with apopulation mostly in the abolitionist camp. Opponents often used this to attack him as a traitor as the United States descended into the Civil War.

Whiteaker was not nominated again by the Democrats in the 1862 election, and thus left office. He did stay in local politics, winning three terms as a state representative (1866-1870), and election to the State Senate in 1870.
Congress and "Whiteaker's Ride"
Whiteaker was elected to Congress in 1878, as Oregon's Representative-at large. The Democrats had been weakened in the House, and needed one vote to prevail in their nominee for Speaker of the House. The vote was needed by March 18, 1879. Whiteaker, all ready on his way to Washington, received word of this urgency while on a steamer between Portland and San Fransisco, California. Upon docking in San Francisco on March 12th, he was met by a railroad agent, and rushed to a special Central Pacific Railroad express train at Oakland. The regular transcontinental train was 25 hours out of Oakland, but Whiteaker's train managed to catch up with it. He arrived in Washington on the morning of March 18th, in enough time to be promptly seated by Congress and cast his vote.

The trip cost $1500 at the time, an expense widely criticized by the Democrat's political oppostition and the media. Many referred to it as "Whiteaker's ride".
Whiteaker served in Congress until 1881, retiring to his farm near Eugene.

Later life
John Whiteaker would be called back into politics one more time, in 1885 when President Grover Cleveland appointed him as Oregon's Collector of Revenues at the U.S. Customs House in Portland. After 1890, moved back to Eugene, purchasing 10 city blocks in the central city. The area today is now known in Eugene as Whiteaker's Addition. He stayed in Eugene until his death in 1902.

Sources
 Oregon State Library 
 Klooster, Karl. Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives, pg. 98, 1992 ISBN 0-9619847-1-6

Other websites
 Whiteaker's Governor's Message 1862 at Oregon State Archives 
 John Whiteaker's biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

Governors of Oregon
United States representatives from Oregon
Addison C. Gibbs was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Oregon from 1862 until 1866.

Ealry life
Addison Gibbs was born on July 9, 1825, in Cattaraugus County, New York. He attended and graduated from a state run normal school before becoming a teacher. Later he passed the bar and moved to California in 1849.

Oregon
In 1850 A.C. Gibbs moved to the Oregon Territory. There he moved to the town of Gardiner on the Umpqua River where he would become a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1852. He was also appointed as a customs collector for Gardiner, located at the mouth of the Umpqua.

Then in 1860 Gibbs relocated to Portland, Oregon, where he was elected to the state house. Next, in 1862 he was elected as governor of Oregon, serving as the governor during the American Civil War. During the war in 1864, responding to orders from Congress, Gibbs raised an infantry regiment despite opposition from Oegonians.

References

Governors of Oregon
People from New York (state)
1825 births
George Lemuel Woods (1832–1890), was a Republican Oregon State Governor (1866–1870), and was then appointed Utah Territory Governor (1871–1875) by President Ulysses S. Grant.

Woods, George Lemuel
Woods, George Lemuel
Woods, George Lemuel
La Fayette Grover (b. November 29, 1823 – d.  May 10, 1911) was a Democratic representative and senator from Oregon, USA.

Grover was born in Bethel, Maine.  He was educated at Bethel's Gould’s Academy and Brunswick's Bowdoin College. Studying law and passing the bar in Philadelphia in 1850, he moved to Oregon in 1851 and set up practice in Salem.

The Oregon Territorial legislature elected him prosecuting attorney for Oregon second judicial district and auditor of public accounts for the Oregon Territory. From 1853 to 1855 he was elected to the territorial house of representatives.  In 1854 he was  appointed by the Department of the Interior to audit the claims out of the Rogue River Indian War. He then was appointed by the Secretary of War in 1856 to a board of commissioners to audit the  Indian war expenses of Oregon and Washington.
In 1857 he was a delegate to the Oregon constitution convention and upon admission of Oregon as a state was elected as a Democratic representative to the Thirty-fifth United States Congress serving from February 15, 1859, to March 3, 1859.  He did not run for reelection in 1858, instead resuming his law practice and the manufacture of woolens.

He was elected Governor of Oregon in 1871 and served until 1877 when he resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.  Grover served from March 4, 1877, to March 3, 1883 serving in the Forty-sixth United States Congress as the chairman of the Senate Committee on Manufactures.  Not a candidate for reelection in 1883, instead he resumed the practice of law and retired from public life.  Grover died in Portland, Oregon, on May 10, 1911 and was interned in Riverview Cemetery.

Reference
Bioguide entry

United States senators from Oregon
Grover, La Fayette
United States representatives from Oregon
1823 births
1911 deaths
Stephen Fowler Chadwick (December 25, 1825 - January 15, 1895), was an American Democrat politician who served as Governor of Oregon from 1877 to 1878. Governor Chadwick was the first person to obtain the governorship by way of the state's Line of Succession.

Occupational background
Chadwick was a lawyer, admitted to the New York State Bar on May 30, 1850. He soon made his way to Oregon, setting up a law firm in the Douglas County settlement of Scottsburg in April 1851. Chadwick served as the town's first postmaster.

Early Political Career
After moving from Scottsburg to Roseburg, Chadwick ran for the newly created position of Judge of Douglas County. Later he would go on to represent Douglas County at the Oregon 1857 State Constitiutional Convention. In the 1864 and 1868 Presidential elections, Chadwick served as an Democratic elector.

Chadwick won the 1870 election to the position of Secretary of State, and was subsequently reelected in 1874.
Governorship
In 1877, La Fayette Grover resigned the governorship after his election to the United States Senate by the State Legislature. Chadwick, as Secretary of State and second in the gubernatorial line of succession, was inaugurated to fill out the remaining year of Governor Grover's term.

Although unconstitutional under Article V, Section 1 of the State Constitution, Chadwick also kept his position of Secretary of State. When signing official documents requiring the signatures of both the Secretary of State and Governor, he would sign first on the left side, then on the right.

The most notable policy of his administration was Chadwick's stand on the Nez Perce Wars raging in the northeastern part of the state. Chadwick was unhappy with the stalemated situation, going so far as to inspect the front lines first-hand. He aided white settlers during the conflict, and argued for much harsher punishments for rebellious and uncooperative tribal leaders than the Army's policies.
At the time of the 1878 elections, Governor Chadwick declined a second term and went back to practicing law. He died on February 15, 1895 in Salem, Oregon.

Sources
 Oregon State Library 
 Klooster, Karl. Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives, pg. 107, 1992 ISBN 0-9619847-1-6

Other websites
 Oregon State Archives: Chadwick Administration -Photo, and link to Chadwick's 1878 Biennial message

Chadwick, Stephen F.
William Wallace Thayer (July 15, 1827 - October 15, 1899) was a Democratic politician active in U.S. states of Idaho and Oregon. Most notably, he was the sixth Governor of Oregon from 1878 to 1882 and Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court from 1888 to 1889.

Background
Thayer was born on a farm near Lima, New York on July 15, 1827. He received a public education before studying law in college. He was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1851. He then practiced law with his brother in Buffalo and later Tonawanda.

A mining boom in Idaho Territory caught Thayer's attention in 1860, prompting him to move west. He arrived in Corvallis, Oregon in 1861, where he joined another brother, Andrew, at his law firm. In 1863, he would finally move to Idaho, setting up his own law firm in Lewiston.
Political career in Idaho
In 1866, three years after moving to Lewiston, Thayer was elected District Attorney for the Third Judicial District of Idaho Territory. From 1866 until 1867, he moved to Boise to serve for a session of the Idaho Territory House of Representatives. He moved to Portland, Oregon shortly after leaving the legislature.

Early political career in Oregon
Upon returning to Oregon, Thayer establuished a sucessful law firm in the city of East Portland. At this time, he became an active member of the Democratic Party. During the 1876 Hayes-Tilden Presidential Election dispute, Thayer was a member of the legal team which challened the certification of J. W. Watts, a Republican elector for Rutherford B. Hayes. Although sucessful, this challenge did not help Samuel Tilden prevail in the Electoral College.

Still appreciative of his assistance in the Watts Case, the Oregon State Democratic Party nominmated Thayer for Governor in 1878. Thayer would win narrowly, by a margin of 59 votes.
Governorship
Thayer's time in office is remembered as a fiscally conservative, anti-corruption administration, which sought to make the state bureaucracy more efficient. The State Board of Equalization, land law reforms, and the establishment of a State Mental Hospital were initiated under his leadership. He would completely eliminate the state's debt while in office.

Governor Thayer was often spoke out about the state's finances. Highly critized by Thayer was how the State Legislature based its budget appropriations. He called for revenue projections to be based on actual revenues, not what was anticipated as the Legislature had often done in the past. He also refused to fund the completion of the State Capitol Building, stating that the building was too expensive and lavish for Oregon.
His lasting legacy was reforming the Supreme Court of Oregon into its present incarnation by statute. Previously, Circuit Court judges served also as Justices of the Supreme Court. After the statue change, Supreme Court positions were made a seperate, directly-elected office.

Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Thayer declined to run for a second term in the 1882 gubernatorial election. Instead, he successfully ran a campaing for Justice of the Supreme Court in 1884. Justice Thayer remained on the bench until 1889, the last two years of that term serving as Chief Justice.

Thayer died in Portland on October 15, 1899.

Sources
 Oregon State Library 
 Klooster, Karl. Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives, pg. 107, 1992 ISBN 0-9619847-1-6

Other websites
 Oregon State Archives: Thayer Administration -Photo, and link to two of Thayer's Speeches.

Governors of Oregon
History of Idaho
Zenas or Zena Ferry Moody, also known as Z. F. Moody (born May 27, 1832 in Granby, Massachusetts; died March 14, 1917) was Republican governor of Oregon from 1882 to 1887.

Other websites 
 Z. F. Moody Biography on Oregon State Library website 
 Public documents of Z. F. Moody on Oregon Secretary of State website 
 Z. F. Moody Biography on Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon website 

Governors of Oregon
1832 births
1917 deaths
Rusch's tree frog (Dendropsophus ruschii) is a frog that lives in Brazil.  Scientists have seen it at about 800 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs of South America
Sylvester Pennoyer (July 6, 1831 - May 31, 1902) was a populist Democrat and served as governor of Oregon (1886 - 1894) and as mayor of Portland, Oregon (1896 - 1898).

Pennoyer was born in Groton, New York, and studied law at Harvard. After graduating, he moved to Oregon where he practiced law and ran local businesses. He was the petitioner in the Supreme Court case Pennoyer v. Neff which defined legal jursidictino over citizens in different cases.

As typical for that time, he acted in a stridently partisan manner while governor. He pointedly snuubed president Benjamin Harrison when Cleveland visited Oregon in 1891. He refused to use his resources to protect Chinese-Americans when asked by Grover Cleveland's Secretary of State on May 3, 1893. He again refused to intervene at the request of Cleveland when a group of unemployed  workers, part of "Coxey's Army", hijacked a train to travel east and join a mass march on Washington, DC.

1831 births
1902 deaths
Governors of Oregon
William Paine Lord (July 1, 1838 - February 17, 1911), was a Republican politician. He was Governor of Oregon from 1895 to 1899.

Early life
Lord was born to Edward and Elizabeth (Paine) Lord in Dover, Delaware. He was partially deaf, and had limited speaking ability. He received his primary education at a Quaker school and through private tutoring. He subsequently studied law at Fairfield College, graduating in 1860. Before he could continue further into his studies, Lord volunteered for military service in the United States Civil War, advancing to the rank of Major in the Union Army.
Once the war ended, Lord continued in law school at Albany College, graduating there in 1866. He then returned to the military for a second time, re-enlisting at the rank of lieutenent. His duties would include postings at Alcatraz in San Francisco and Fort Steilacoom near Tacoma, Washington. When the United States took formal posession of Alaska in 1867, Lt. Lord was sent to Sitka. In 1868, Lord resigned from the army in order to set up a law practice in Salem, Oregon.

Entry into politics
William Pain Lord soon became involved in politics, as he became Salem's City Attorney in 1870. This launched him into his first elected office as a state Senator in 1878. He would resign this seat for a sucessful run as the Republican nomine for Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. Lord served on the court from 1880 until 1894. He was a popular jusice and had a reputation of being the most competent Jurist in state history, serving out his last term as Chief Justice.
He accepted the Republican nomination for the 1894 Governor's Election, stepping down from the court after his gubernatorial election victory.

Governorship
Governor Lord's popularity swept him into the Governor's Office. He immediately set out to support higher education, eliminate corruption from land speculators, and fueled support for the direct election of Untied States Senators, when the Senate refused to seat Henry W. Corbett, Lord's apointee.

He promoted ending the corrupt land speculation practices of the time by creating the State Land Board, headed by an official State Land Agent. The present land-use system protecting Oregon's wildlife and fisheries would evolve from this early agency.

Lord also called for a constitutional amendment to the Oregon Constitution allowing the Governor a line item veto. While nothing came of this while he was in office, later governors would would support Lord's proposal. The line item veto was finally approved in 1916.
Lord lost his bid for a second term, after losing in the closely fought 1899 primary election campaign against fellow Republican Theodore Thomas Geer.

Later life
Shortly after leaving the Governor's Office, Lord was appointed the U.S. Minister (Ambassador) to Argentina by the Mc Kinley Administration. He served in that capacity until 1902, returning back to Oregon. 

During his time in Oregon, between 1902 and 1910, Willaim Paine Lord was appointed as Code Comissioner by the Supreme Court of Oregon. He proceeded to examine and annote all existing Oregon Statute Laws, compiling them into the three volumed Lord's Oregon Laws, officially the Oregon Statute Code of 1909.

In 1910 Lord retired to San Francisco, where he would die on February 17, 1911.

Sources
 Oregon State Library 
 Oregon State Archive bio 
 Klooster, Karl. Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives, pg. 111, 1992 ISBN 0-9619847-1-6
Other websites
 Oregon State Archives: Lord Administration -Photo, bio, records, and some public speeches of Governor Lord

Lord, William Paine
Oregon state senators
1838 births
1911 deaths
Sir Leslie Lynn Marr, 2nd Baronet (14 August 1922 – 4 May 2021) was a British landscape artist, painter and former racing driver.

Marr participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix. He made his first appearance on 17 July 1954 at the . He retired from his last world championship race in 1955, after a damaged brake pipe caused him to spin off. 

Marr competed in several non-Championship races, with his best results including winning the 1955 Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race and finishing fourth in the 1956 New Zealand Grand Prix.

Marr died in Gimingham, Norfolk on 4 May 2021 at the age of 98.

References

1922 births
2021 deaths
British racecar drivers
British painters
Sportspeople from County Durham
Campton Hills is a village in Kane County, Illinois. It is a far western suburb of Chicago. 11,131 people lived here according to the 2020 US Census.

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Liberty Place are skyscrapers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. They are made up of a 61-story,  skyscraper called One Liberty Place, a 58-story,  skyscraper called Two Liberty Place, a two-story shopping mall called the Shops at Liberty Place, and the 14-story Westin Philadelphia Hotel. Construction of One Liberty Place was approved and the first phase of the project began in 1985 and was completed in 1987. One Liberty Place became the city's first skyscraper.

References

Buildings and structures in Philadelphia
Skyscrapers in the United States
Melanie Ann Stansbury (born January 31, 1979) is an American scientist and politician. She is the U.S. Representative for New Mexico's 1st congressional district since 2021. Stansbury was a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives for the 28th district from 2019 until 2021. Stansbury is a member of the Democratic Party.

References

1979 births
Living people
United States representatives from New Mexico
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Scientists from New Mexico
Paul Gladney (August 4, 1941 – May 19, 2021), better known by the stage name Paul Mooney, was an American comedian, writer, social critic and actor. He was best known as a writer for comedian Richard Pryor. He played singer Sam Cooke in The Buddy Holly Story (1978) and Junebug in Bamboozled (2000). He also made many appearances on Chappelle's Show.

Mooney died of a heart attack at his home in Oakland, California on May 19, 2021 at the age of 79.

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1941 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
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African American actors
African American comedians
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Writers from Louisiana
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Molly Crabapple (born Jennifer Caban; 1983) is an American artist and writer. She is an editor for VICE. She has also written books including an illustrated memoir Drawing Blood (2015), Discordia (with Laurie Penny) on the Greek economic crisis, and the art books Devil in the Details and Week in Hell (2012). 

Some of her are held in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art, The Barjeel Art Foundation and the New-York Historical Society.

References

1983 births
Living people
American illustrators
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Writers from Queens
George Earle Chamberlain (1854–1928) was an American politician, legislator, and public official, born near Natchez, Miss. He graduated from the academic and law departments of Washington and Lee University in 1876, then practiced law in Oregon, and soon be a member of the State legislature.  He served as district attorney for the third judicial district, Attorney–General of the State, and district attorney for the fourth judicial district.  In 1902 he was elected Democratic Governor of Oregon, and in 1906 he was re–elected.  He was twice elected to the United States Senate where he served for twelve years (1909–1921).  He was author of the Chamberlain Military Preparedness Bill of 1918.  He became a member of the United States Shipping Board for the term 1921–25.

1854 births
1928 deaths
Governors of Oregon
United States senators from Oregon
District attorneys
People from Mississippi
Frank W. Benson (March 20, 1858 – April 14, 1911) was an American politician, a Republican, and the 12th Governor of Oregon from 1909 to 1910.

Early life
Benson was born in San Jose, California in 1858 to a minister sent west by the Methodist Epispocal Church in 1882. His father, Henry Clarke Benson, moved the family to Portland, Oregon to become editor of the Pacific Christian Accord in 1864.

Young Frank was enrolled in the Portland Academy, later continuing his education at the College of the Pacific in Stockton, California. After college, he returned to Oregon, begining a career in education. In 1880, he took charge of the Methodist Umpqua Academy in Wilbur, Oregon. Benson assumed his first elected office as Superintendent of Douglas County Schools between 1882 and 1886. He relinquished the post after becoming president of a Normal School in Drain.
Benson would return to politics in 1892, after his election as Douglas County Clerk. He was relected and passed the state bar exam in 1896. In 1898, Benson began practicing law in Roseburg.

Secretary of State and Governorship
In 1906, Benson would run for Secretary of State, winning both the Republican primary and the general election. The sitting governor George Earle Chamberlain won election to the United States Senate in 1909 and resigned the governor's seat. As Secretary of State, Frank Benson was next in the gubernatorial line of sucession, and was sworn into office March 1, 1909. 

Following Governor Stephen F. Chadwick's example, who assumed the governorship in 1877 under similar circumstances, Benson kept both the Governor's and Secretary of State's offices. Although this is normally forbidden under the Oregon State Constitution. He collected pay for both offices.
Benson had been gravely ill even before he accepted the governorship. Although his condition had seemed to improve since taking office, he left for California in 1910 to seek further treatment. On June 15, 1910, Benson telephoned his priovate secretary, transfering the Governor's powers to  Oregon State Senate President Jay Bowerman until he could return to Salem. Bowerman was sworn in as Acting Governor on June 16, 1910. Benso had indicated that he hoped to return by July 20, 1910. He did not seek reelection as Governor; but won reelection as Secretary of State in 1910. Although retaining one of his positions, Benson did not return as planned. His health continued to fail in Redlands, California, where he died April 14, 1911.

Sources
 Oregon State Library 
 Klooster, Karl. Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives, pg. 115, 1992 ISBN 0-9619847-1-6

Other websites
 Oregon State Archives: Benson Administration -Photo and bio.

Benson, Frank W.
Jay Bowerman (August 15, 1876 – October 25, 1957) was an American politician, a Republican, who served most notably as the 13th Governor of Oregon.

Bowerman was born in Hesper, Iowa, the son of Daniel and Lydia (Battey) Bowerman. His siblings were named Ralph,  Martha and Mary.

He received his early education in public schools of Hesper, then moved to Salem, Oregon in 1893. He entered Willamette University that same year and graduated with a law degree in 1896 at the age of twenty. He was admitted to the Oregon Bar the following year, practicing law in Salem until 1899. He then moved to Condon, in Gilliam County, Oregon, where he lived for the next twelve years. There he became a law partner of H. H. Henricks. Bowerman's service in the Spanish-American War briefly interrupted his practice of the law.
He married Elizabeth Hoover in 1903 and together they had three children: William, Daniel and Elizabeth. However, the couple divorced and Bowerman married Wayfe Hockett in 1914; this marriage produced two further children, Sally and Jayne. 

He was elected to the Oregon State Senate from Gilliam County in 1904 and was reelected four years later. He served as president of that body from 1909 to 1911. When Governor Frank W. Benson was incapacitated by ill health in June 1910, he asked Bowerman. as President of the Senate, to assume gubernatorial responsibilities. On June 16, 1910, at age thirty-three, Bowerman became Acting Governor.
Mindful of bureaucratic economy, Bowerman advocated establishment of a Board of Control to administer the state institutions, which would permit fiscal savings by combined purchasing for state institutions through the office of a single purchasing agent. However, the Board of Control was not established until the administration of his successor. He acted to reduce the risk of loss through bank failure by prohibiting Oregon bankers from the use of speculative stock as assets if they had actively promoted that stock. In 1904 the citizens of Oregon adopted a direct primary law prohibiting party nominating conventions. But establishment Republicans, unwilling to relinquish party control over nominations, held an "assembly" in 1910 at which they nominated Bowerman as their candidate for governor. He was therefore cast in the role of opponent of the "Oregon System" of direct government by his Democratic gubernatorial rival, Oswald West
. Bowerman campaigned on a platform supporting modernized highway systems, increased economies in the administration of government, and continued tight control of state land management. West defeated him, however, 54,853 votes to 48,751.
After leaving the office of governor on January 8, 1911, Bowerman moved to Portland, where he resumed the practice of law. He was reelected President of the State Senate but retired following the 1911 session. As a private citizen he actively supported Oregon's first statewide bond issue for highway construction, a $6,000,000 proposal. He also served as an active lobbyist for years at the State Legislature. He died in Portland in 1957.

Bowerman, Jay
Bowerman, Jay
Bowerman, Jay
Oswald West (May 20, 1873- August 22, 1960) was an American politician, a Democrat, who served most notably as the 14th Governor of the state Oregon.

West was born in Ontario, Canada but moved to Salem, Oregon with his family at the age of four where he attended school and eventually went into banking.  After several years as a banker in Salem and Astoria, Oregon and a six month stint searching for gold in Alaska West gained an appointment to the State Land Commission.  He proved effective in his position with the State Land Commission recovering almost 1 million acres of fraudulently held state land. After leaving the Land Commission he earned a term the Oregon Railroad Commission where he again found a great deal of success.
In 1910 he gained the Democratic nomination for Governor and went on to defeat his opponent and take the office.  While in office West defended what he called the "Oregon System" which included initiative and referendum systems still in use in many western American states today.  These systems led to women's suffrage, prohibition and various workers rights laws being put in to action under his lead.  All pet issues of Governor West.

West's most notable work was in protecting the state's natural resources.  It was under his administration the beaches bordering the Pacific Ocean were protected for public use; the office of State Forester and the Bureau of Forestry were established; and the Fish Commission and Game Commission were created.

West served only one term, opting not to run for re-election in the 1914 election.  He instead moved his family to Portland, Oregon where he practiced law.  He died in Portland on August 22 1960.

Oswald West State Park on the Oregon coast was named in his honor.
1873 births
1960 deaths
Governors of Oregon
Democratic-Republican Party politicians
James Withycombe (March 21, 1843-March 3, 1919) was a British-born American politician, a Republican, and the 15th Governor of Oregon.

Early life
Born to Thomas and Mary Ann Withycombe in Devonshire, England, English tenant farmers in 1843. Withycome emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1871, settling on a farm near Hilsboro, Oregon. After turning 17, he spent four years working on his father's farm. In 1873, Withycomb purchased his own 100 acre parcel on the Horace Lindsay Land Claim, later expanding his holdings to 256 acres. Agriculture became Withycomb's passion, becoming a prosperous livestock breeder and establishing a reputation as a successful scientific farmer.
Farmer and educator
His success led to his involvement in local farming organizations. He became a charter member of the Farmington Grange, and later became a leader in the state grange movement. From these platforms, Withycomb's efficient, innovative, and profitable farming methods became a model for farmers across the Pacific Northwest. His stature gained him an appointment as State Veterinarian in 1889, where he would diligently work to improve conditions of livestock health around the state.

Although mostly self-educated, he was sought after by the Oregon Agricultural College at Corvallis (now Oregon State University) in 1898 to head up the college's experimental farming station. He received his Master's Degree in Agriculture 1891 from OAC. Using this position to advance Oregon agriculture, he would play a major part in introducing alfalfa and clover to Eastern Oregon, laying the groundwork for the region's future agricultural economy.
Withycomb also became heavily involved in Oregon's agricultural industry, serving as president of the North Pacific Wool Growers and Northwest Sheep Breeders Associations. His tenureship on the board of the Oregon Academy of Sciences saw the dairy industry's profits rise from $2.5 million to $20 million. Such accomplishments built up respect for Withycombe statewide and gained the state Republican Party's attention.

Governorship
Withycomb would enter politics in the 1906 primary, losing the Republican gubernatorial nomination. The 1910 election of controversial Democratic Governor Oswald West energized Oregon Republicans, who tapped Withycombe for the 1914 gubernatorial race. He handily defeated challenger Charles Smith; the first Republican Governor to assume office via election since T. T. Geer in 1903.
As Governor, James Withycombe vigourously promoted agricultural development. A notable proposal from his administration was to ask the Legislative Assembly to subsidize flax production as a prison industry. 

The Withycombe Administration backed the "Good Roads" movement, creating the Oregon Highway Commission while in office. With the new commission in place, a large road-building program was initiated, establishing many of Oregon's modern state routes and highways. 

Upon the U.S. entry into the First World War, Governor Withycomb took a vocal and patriotic postion in support of the war effort. He encouraged volunteer military service, and promoted the state's war industries.