Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Other websites

1974 births
2011 deaths
Aviation deaths
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Los Angeles Kings players
Minnesota Wild players
Ottawa Senators players
Prince Edward Island Senators players
Slovak ice hockey centres
St. Louis Blues players
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Kevin Francesco Bieksa (born June 16, 1981 in Grimsby, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). After playing junior hockey in Ontario, Bieksa was awarded a scholarship to Bowling Green University, where he spent four years. While at university, Bieksa was selected by the Canucks in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft, and joined their minor league partner, the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), after graduating. After spending time with the Moose, he joined the Canucks. A physical defenceman, Bieksa has increased his scoring totals in each of the full seasons he has played in the NHL.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Manitoba Moose players
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
The 1992 United States presidential election happened on November 3, 1992. Bill Clinton, the Democratic candidate and Governor of Arkansas, won the election. He defeated the incumbent president, George H. W. Bush, who was a Republican, and Ross Perot, an independent candidate. 

Clinton got 370 electoral votes, Bush got 168, and Perot got 0. A person running for president needs to get 270 to win.

George H.W. Bush may have lost the election for several reasons.  He broke his promise of "Read my lips: no new taxes" by increasing taxes during his term.  Some of his most well-known accomplishments during his presidency came from his foreign policy, and because of the Cold War and Gulf War being over, foreign policy became a smaller issue, as the economy became a bigger issue, since the economy was bad.  

Prior to 2020, this was the last election where a candidate won the presidency without winning Florida.

Candidates
Candidates

Republican Party
Republican candidates
George H. W. Bush, President of the United States from Texas
Pat Buchanan, conservative columnist from Virginia
David Duke, state representative from Louisiana
Harold Stassen, former Governor of Minnesota and perennial candidate

Candidates gallery

Democratic Party
Democratic candidates
Bill Clinton, Governor of Arkansas
Jerry Brown, former Governor of California
Paul Tsongas, former U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
Bob Kerrey, U.S. Senator from Nebraska
Tom Harkin, U.S. Senator from Iowa
Douglas Wilder, Governor of Virginia
Eugene McCarthy, former U.S. Senator from Minnesota
Larry Agran, former Mayor of Irvine, California

Candidates gallery

Other websites
1992 popular vote by counties
1992 popular vote by state
1992 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)

References

Presidential election
1992 elections
1992
Meliaceae is a family of dicotyledonous plants in order Sapindales, most of which have spirally pinnate leaves. 

The family includes about 50 genera and 550 species, with a pantropical distribution; one genus (Toona) extends north into temperate China and south into southeast Australia, and another (Melia) nearly as far north.

Meliaceae
South Jakarta () is a city in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the second largest administrative city in Jakarta after East Jakarta. 

South Jakarta is divided into five subdistricts: Kebayoran Baru, Kebayoran Lama, Pesanggrahan, Setiabudi, Cilandak, Pasar Minggu, and Jagakarsa.

Other websites
Official site .

Jakarta
Alexandre Bolduc (born June 26, 1985 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Bolduc was selected by the St. Louis Blues with the 127th pick in the 2004 NHL Draft but never played for them. He has also played for the Vancouver Canucks. He signed a contract with the Coyotes on July 2, 2011.

References

1985 births
American Hockey League players
Arizona Coyotes players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Wolves players
ECHL players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Manitoba Moose players
People from Montreal
Phoenix Coyotes players
Portland Pirates players
Rouyn-Noranda Huskies players
Shawinigan Cataractes players
Vancouver Canucks players
The Manitoba Moose are a professional ice hockey team that play in the American Hockey League (AHL). They play in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, at the MTS Centre. They are the farm team of the Winnipeg Jets.

The team originally played as the Manitoba Moose from 1996 until 2011. They were relocated to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador and became the St. John's IceCaps, which is the AHL farm team of the Winnipeg Jets. The team played in St. John's for four seasons.

In May 2015, it was announced that the team would be returning to Winnipeg and would be once again be called the Manitoba Moose.

References

Other websites
Manitoba Moose Official Site
The Internet Hockey Database - Manitoba Moose (AHL)
The Internet Hockey Database - Manitoba Moose (IHL)
Manitoba Moose on CJOB

1996 establishments in Canada
2011 disestablishments in Canada
2015 establishments in North America
American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Manitoba
2010s establishments in Canada
Organizations based in Winnipeg
Sticklebacks are fish of the Gasterosteidae family. FishBase currently recognises sixteen species in the family, grouped in five genera. Several of the species have a number of recognised subspecies, and the taxonomy of the family is thought to be in need of revision. 

An unusual features of sticklebacks is that they have no scales, although some species have bony armour plates. They are related to pipefish, seahorses, eelpouts, and sculpins.

Stickleback species are found in fresh water environments in Europe, Asia and North America. They feed on small crustaceans and fish larvae.

Sticklebacks have strong separated spines in the dorsal fin. All species show similar mating behaviour, with co-operation between the sexes, and protection of the eggs. The males construct a nest from vegetation held together by secretions from their kidneys. The males then attract females to the nest. The females lay their eggs inside, where the males fertilise them. The males then guards the eggs until they hatch.

References
References 

 
 

Scorpaeniformes
Mikhaíl Bulgakov  ( – 10 March 1940) was a Soviet Russian writer and playwright active in the first half of the 20th century.

He is best known for his novel The Master and Margarita, which has been called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century.

Much of Bulgakov's work is best described as magic realism, where fantasy intrudes into what seemed at first to be a straightforward everyday scene.

Life 
Mikhail Bulgakov was born in Kiev on May 15 1891. Two of his grandparents were priests and his father was an assistant professor. At school Bulgakov developed an interest in Russian writing, European writing, the theatre and the opera.
In 1913 Bulgakov married Tatiana Lappa. When the First World War started he volunteered with the Red Cross as a doctor. Bulgakov was sent to an area where fighting was heavy, and he was badly injured at least twice. In 1916, he graduated from the Medical School of Kiev University. Bulgakov then joined the White Army with his brothers. They fought against the communists who were taking control of Russia. Bulgakov also fought in the Ukrainian People's Army.

After the Russian Civil War, Mikhail and his brothers went to the Caucasus in Western Russia. Mikhail worked as a journalist. Many members of Bulgakov's family left Russia for Western Europe. Bulgakov was not allowed into other countries, however, as he had a disease: typhus.

The injuries Bulgakov received in the First World War continued to cause him a lot of pain. To ease the pain, he started injecting himself with morphine. He eventually became addicted. He wrote a book about this period called Morphine, which was finally released in 1926.
Bulgakov left medicine behind as he was now sure he wanted to be a writer. He moved to Moscow with his wife Tatiana in 1921. Bulgakov eventually divorced Tatiana, and married Lyubov' Belozerskaya in 1924. He published a number of works in the early 1920s. By 1927, however, he was criticised by people who said he was writing against the Soviet government. By 1929, Bulgakov's writing career was in ruins. Government censorship stopped his work and plays being released in the USSR.

In 1931, Bulgakov got married again, to Yelena Shilovskaya. Yelena inspired one of the main characters in Bulgakov's most famous novel, The Master and Margarita. In the last ten years of his life, Bulgakov continued to write novels, plays and translate  works in other languages. Many could still not be published in the USSR of the 1930s. Those that were published were often heavily criticised.
Bulgakov did not like the way Soviet system prevented his works being published. He wrote a letter to the Soviet government asking permission to leave the country. He even spoke directly to Stalin on the telephone, asking to be allowed to leave the USSR. Stalin's reply implied that if Bulgakov attempted to leave, he would be killed.
Stalin did allow Bulgakov to work at a small theatre in Moscow, however. Bulgakov eventually worked at the Moscow Art Theatre, but the Soviet system still did not allow him to write as he really wanted. This, and the fact that he was not allowed to go abroad to see his family, made Bulgakov very unhappy.

Bulgakov died from problems with his kidneys on March 10, 1940. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

The Master and Margarita
The novel is a satire on the Soviet society. It is covered by a plot in which two apparently unrelated stories alternate chapter by chapter. The first plot theme is the Devil in modern Moscow; the second is the story of Pontius Pilate. Connecting these two themes are Satan himself, and the Master with his devoted lover Margarita. The Master is an embittered author, whose historical novel about Pontius Pilate had been rejected by the Soviet literary committee MASSOLIT.

"On first reading the novel. readers were astonished by its daring satire and hilarious comedy".

By means of the plot, Bulgakov deals with some of the deepest issues in life: the interplay of good and evil, innocence and guilt, courage and cowardice.
Bulgakov started writing the novel in 1928. He burnt the first manuscript of the novel in 1930, seeing no future as a writer in the Soviet Union. The work was restarted in 1931. The second draft was completed in 1936 by which point all the major plot lines of the final version were in place. The third draft was finished in 1937. Bulgakov continued to revise the work, helped by his wife, but was forced to stop work on the fourth version four weeks before his death in 1940.

A censored version (12% of the text removed and still more changed) of the book was first published in Moscow magazine (#11, 1966 and #1, 1967). The text of all the omitted and changed parts, with indications of the places of modification, was published on a samizdat basis. In 1967 the publisher Posev (Frankfurt) printed a version produced with the aid of these inserts.
In the Soviet Union, the first complete version, prepared by Anna Saakyants, was published in 1973, based on the version of the beginning of 1940 proofread by the publisher. In 1989 the last version was prepared by literature expert Lidiya Yanovskaya based on all available manuscripts.

The novel is autobiographical. Bulgakov is the Master, and his trials and difficulties are very similar to those the Master faces. Margarita is  Yelena Shilovskaya, his long-term girlfriend who became his third wife. The burning of the Master's manuscript is just what Bulgakov did, and for the same reasons of despair and frustration. Of course a state literary committee prevented its publication, just as MASSOLIT did in the novel. And Bulgakov was fascinated with the confrontation between Christ and Pontius Pilate.
Bulgakov never lived to see the manuscript published, nor to enjoy his post-war fame. He died from nephrosclerosis (an inherited kidney disorder) on 10 March 1940. His father died of the same disease, and Bulgakov had long expected his fate.

In other media 
The novel has been the basis of films, stage productions, opera, ballet, and television versions.

Works
Novels and short stories 
The White Guard (1926, translation 1971; 2008) A novel about a life of a White Army officer's family in civil war Kiev. Set in Ukraine, beginning in late 1918, the novel concerns the fate of the Turbin family as the various armies of the Russian Civil War – the Whites, the Reds, the Imperial German Army, and Ukrainian nationalists – fight over the city of Kiev. 
Great Soviet short stories (1962)
The Master and Margarita (1967)
Black snow: a theatrical novel (1967)
Heart of a Dog (1968) A biting satire of the New Soviet man written in 1925 at the height of the NEP period, when Communism appeared to be weakening in the Soviet Union.
A country doctor's notebook (1975)
Diaboliad and other stories (1990)
The Terrible news: Russian stories from the years following the Revolution (1990)
Notes on the cuff & other stories (1991)
The Fatal Eggs and other Soviet satire, 19181963 (1993). The lead title was a science fiction novella, written in 1924 and first published in 1925. The book became popular. It was attacked by some Soviet critics who saw it as a satire of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the leadership of Soviet Russia. 
A dead man's memoir (a theatrical novel) (2007)
Theatre
The early plays of Mikhail Bulgakov, 1990
Peace plays: two, 1990
Zoya's apartment: a tragic farce in three acts, 1991
Six plays, 1991

Biography
Life of Mr. de Molière, 1962

References 

1891 births
1940 deaths
Russian playwrights
Writers from Kyiv
Deaths from kidney disease
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane FRS (3 November 1892 – 1 December 1964), known as Jack (but who used 'J.B.S.' in his printed works), was a British geneticist and evolutionary biologist who emigrated to India towards the end of his life. He was one of the founders (along with Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright) of population genetics.

Jack Haldane was a communist, atheist and a writer of popular science books, and articles for the Daily Worker. His major professional work was his contribution of mathematical papers on the theory of evolution, which assisted the modern evolutionary synthesis.
Career 
Between 1919 and 1922 he was a Fellow of New College, Oxford University, then moved to Cambridge University, where he accepted a Readership in Biochemistry at Trinity College and taught there until 1932. During his nine years at Cambridge, Haldane worked on enzymes and genetics, particularly the mathematical side of genetics. Haldane wrote many popular essays on science that were eventually collected and published in 1927 in a volume entitled Possible Worlds.
He then accepted a position as Professor of Genetics and moved to University College London where he spent most of his academic career. Four years later he became the first Weldon Professor of Biometry at University College London.
 
Haldane's move to India, initially to the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) was influenced by a number of factors. Officially he stated that his chief political reason was in response to the Suez Crisis. He wrote: "Finally, I am going to India because I consider that recent acts of the British Government have been violations of international law." 

His interest in India was also because of his interest in biological research, belief that the warm climate would do him good and that India offered him freedom and shared socialist dreams. At the ISI, he headed the biometry unit and spent time researching a range of topics and guiding other researchers around him.

References 

 Haldane J.B.S. 1932. The causes of evolution.
1892 births
1964 deaths
English biologists
English geneticists
The "Lost Generation" is a term used to describe a number of  American writers and artists who went to live in Europe after the First World War. People associated with the Lost Generation include Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, Sherwood Anderson and John Steinbeck.

The term has also been used more recently to describe those unable to find work after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009.

Origin of the term

The writer and poet Gertrude Stein is often considered to have come up with the term She supposedly heard her  French garage owner speak of his unskilled young workers as "une generation perdue" (a generation lost). Ernest Hemingway then used the term in the introduction to his novel The Sun Also Rises.

The term is generally used for the period from the end of the First World War to the beginning of the Great Depression.

Meaning
Meaning

After the First World War, members of the Lost Generation decided that they did not want to live a normal life in America. They went to Europe, often Paris. Away from America, the Lost Generation often  drank heavily, had affairs and tried to find meaning in life. The Lost Generation produced some of the finest writing of all time, and arguably created a new style of writing.

Notes

Great Depression
William Donald Hamilton FRS (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was an English evolutionary biologist whom Richard Dawkins praised as one of the greatest evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.

Hamilton became famous through his theoretical work on kin selection and altruism. He explained its genetic basis, and this was a key part of the  gene-centered view of evolution. In doing this, he became one of the forerunners of sociobiology, as popularized by E.O. Wilson. Hamilton was certainly a big influence on Dawkins. He also published important work on sex ratios and the evolution of sex. From 1984 to his death in 2000, he was the Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University. He died of malaria contracted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Hamilton's equation 
Hamilton's equation describes whether or not a gene for altruistic behaviour will spread in a population. The gene will spread if rxb is greater than c:
where:
  is the reproductive cost to the altruist,
  is the reproductive benefit to the recipient of the altruistic behavior, and
  is the probability, above the population average, of the individuals sharing an altruistic gene – the "degree of relatedness".

Collected papers 
Hamilton started to publish his collected papers starting in 1996, with short essays giving each paper context. He died after the preparation of the second volume, so the commentaries for the third volume came from his coauthors.

References 

1936 births
2000 deaths
English mathematicians
English geneticists
English evolutionary biologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
John Maynard Smith, FRS (6 January 1920 – 19 April 2004) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Originally an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War, he then took a second degree in genetics under the well-known biologist J.B.S. Haldane. Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution and theorized on other problems such as the evolution of sex and signalling theory.

Awards 
He won most of the awards available to scientists:

Fellow, Royal Society (1977)
Darwin Medal (1986)
Frink Medal (1990)
Balzan Prize (1991)
Linnean Medal (1995)
Royal Medal (1997)
Crafoord Prize (1999)
Copley Medal (1999)
Kyoto Prize (2001)
Darwin-Wallace Award (2008).  This was at the time awarded every 50 years by the Linnean Society of London. Maynard Smith was one of thirteen co-recipients.

Maynard Smith has an Erdős number of four.
Books 
 Maynard Smith J. 1958. The theory of evolution. London, Penguin Books. 
 1993 edn 
 Maynard Smith J. 1968. Mathematical ideas in biology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
 Maynard Smith J. 1972. On evolution. Edinburgh University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1974. Models in ecology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
 Maynard Smith J. 1978. The evolution of sex. Cambridge University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. (ed) 1981. Evolution now. London, Macmillan. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1982. Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1986. The problems of biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1988. Did Darwin get it right?: essays on games, sex and evolution. London, Chapman & Hall. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1989. Evolutionary genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. and Szathmáry E. 1997. The major transitions in evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
Maynard Smith J. and Szathmáry E. 1999. The origins of life: from the birth of life to the origin of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. and Harper D. 2003. Animal signals. Oxford University Press.
References 

1920 births
2004 deaths
English biologists
English geneticists
British zoologists
English science writers
Kawasaki Station (川崎駅,かわさきえき) is a railway station of JR East, in Kawasaki, Japan.

Adjacent stations
JR East
Tōkaidō Line
Rapid Acty, Local
Shinagawa - Kawasaki - Yokohama
Keihin-Tōhoku Line
 Rapid, Local
Kamata - Kawasaki - Tsurumi
Nambu Line
Kawasaki - Shitte

Other websites

Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture
Mudvayne is an American heavy metal band. They formed in Peoria, Illinois in 1996. They play for the record label Epic Records.

History

Beginnings (1996–98) 
In 1996, the band was formed with its original line-up. In 1997, the band released their very first EP, Kill, I Oughta. In 1998, the band signed to Epic Records.

L.D. 50 (1999–2001) 
In 1999, the band started working on their debut album, L.D. 50. It was released on August 22, 2000. The album peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The band participated in the Tattoo to Earth tour, along with many other bands. This album has the singles "Dig" and "Death Blooms".

The End of All Things to Come (2002–03) 
In January 2002, the band was starting to work on their second album. It was released on November 19, 2002. It was certified Gold by the RIAA in 2003. Also in 2003, the band had participated in the Summer Sanitarium Tour. This album contains the singles Not Falling and World So Cold.
Lost and Found (2004–06) 
The album was worked on all throughout 2004, it was set to be released in November 2004, with its first single ("Determined") set to be released in September of that year, but was pushed back due to production issues, it was eventually released on April 12, 2005. The album sold 100, 000 copies at the week of it's release. It debuted at No. 2 and was certified Gold by the RIAA later that same year. This album contains the singles "Determined" (which was nominated at the 2006 Grammy Awards), "Happy?", "Forget to Remember" and "Fall into Sleep".
By the People, for the People, The New Game, self-titled album and break-up (2007–10) 
On November 27, 2007, Mudvayne released their compilation album. Also in 2007, they have been working on a new album, which was released on November 18, 2008. It was initially set for a late 2007 release but production was temporarily put on hold in mid 2007, before resuming in early 2008. The album debuted at No. 15 on the Billboard 200. It sold 48,000 copies at the week of its release. This album has the singles "Do What You Do", "A New Game" and "Scarlet Letters". 

In 2008, right after the release of their fourth album, they started to work on their final album, which was their self titled album. It was released on December 21, 2009. The album debuted at No. 54 on the Billboard 200 and sold around 34,000 copies at the week of it's release. By the next week, sales dropped a lot. This album has the single "Scream with Me".
1996 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
1990s establishments in Illinois
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Alternative metal bands
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from Illinois
Alastair John Campbell (born 25 May 1957) was the Director of Communications and Strategy for the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Tony Blair) between 1997 and 2003.

He used to work for the Daily Mirror as their politics reporter, and was an alcoholic. Then he had a breakdown, gave up drinking, and started working for Tony Blair in 1994. He was seen as one of the main spin doctors in the Labour Party. He eventually resigned over the 45 minute claim in the dossier prepared over the Iraq War, after the Hutton report had come out and Dr. David Kelly was dead.

He currently works as a broadcaster, journalist and spokesman for Leukaemia Research. He is said to be re-joining the Labour campaign team for the 2010 election. He is an atheist.

References 

1957 births
Living people
British atheists
English journalists
Labour Party (UK) people
People from West Yorkshire
A cave is a natural underground hollow space. They can have narrow passageways (corridors) and chambers (caverns). They are usually formed when underground acidic (sour) water wears away softer stones, such as limestone. Only the hard rock, such as granite, is left. Caves can also be formed during natural catastrophes, such as earthquakes, or by ice and glaciers.

Caves can have formations in them such as stalagmites and stalactites. These are made over thousands of years by water dripping and leaving mineral deposits.

Many creatures live in the entrance areas of caves, for example snakes, mice, spiders & porcupines. Only a few animals are found deep in caves. Bats often live in caves. Another common creature found in caves is cave crickets. 

In the past, people lived in caves. People used to live in many European caves in the Stone Age. Caves still provide shelter for trekkers. Some caves have beautiful paintings on the walls.
An automobile (or car) is a land vehicle used to carry passengers. Automobiles usually have four wheels, and an engine or motor to make them move.

Name 
The word "automobile" comes from the Greek prefix "αυτό" (self) and the Latin word "mobilis" (moving). This name means "self-moving", as cars run on their own power and do not need horses or other power from outside to move.

Types of automobiles
Automobiles are made in different shapes and sizes, for people with different needs. Here are some common types.
A convertible is an automobile with a roof that can be opened or taken off for an open-air drive. Sportier convertibles are called roadsters.
 A hatchback is a smaller automobile with a cargo area that uses the same space as the cabin (instead of a separate trunk like in a sedan or coupé). They combine the sportiness of coupés and sedans with the storage space of SUVs.
 A station wagon (estate car in British English) is a hatchback-like automobile that has a less sloped rear window and more space for passengers and luggage.
 A pickup truck is a truck with a separate cabin and cargo area on a ladder frame. The cargo area is called the "bed".
 A sedan (saloon in British English) is an automobile with a sloped rear window and separate trunk that has four doors.
 A coupé (coupe in American English) is like a sedan, but usually only has two doors and is seen as sportier than a sedan.
An SUV (sport utility vehicle) is a rugged automobile that has a combined passenger and cargo area (like in hatchbacks, minivans, station wagons, and passenger vans, and towing heavy trailers like pickup trucks). SUVs are very popular due to their usefulness.
 A van is a big box-shaped automobile meant for carrying plenty of passengers or cargo. There are many different sizes of vans, such as minivans, which are made for families.
Energy
To make an automobile move, it must have energy to turn the wheels.  This energy might be chemical energy in gasoline or electrical energy in a battery. How quickly the engine or motor can send the energy to the wheels, and how much energy is sent, is called the power of the motor. The power of an automobile is usually measured in kilowatts or horsepower.

Gasoline
As of 2019, most automobile burn a fuel to make an internal combustion engine (sometimes called a "motor") run. The power from the engine then goes to the wheels through a transmission, which has a set of gears that can make the automobile go faster or slower. The most common fuel is petrol, which is called "gasoline" or "gas" in American English.
Gasoline is a fossil fuel because it comes from ferns and other plants which lived millions of years ago. Over the  millions of years, they turned into oil. This was drilled up from inside the Earth, and turned into fuel by chemical changes. Old gasoline-powered automobiles are noisy and their exhaust makes city air dirty, which can make people ill. But automobiles made after the mid-2010s are cleaner.

Burning gasoline, like any kind of fossil fuel, makes carbon dioxide, which makes global warming. Since 2017, fewer gasoline powered automobiles are being made. Some places will not allow gasoline-powered automobiles in future, like Amsterdam in 2030.

Batteries
Batteries

The cleanest automobiles are electric vehicles. They are usually plugged into a power outlet or a charging station and store electricity in a battery at the bottom of the automobile. The electricity then drives an electric motor, which turns the wheels. Some electric automobiles have 2 motors: one at the front, and one at the back. A few have 4 motors (one for each wheel).

Other sources of energy
Some automobiles burn diesel fuel, which is used in big trucks and buses, and a few use wood gas. In some countries, such as Brazil and Sweden, a mixture of ethanol and gasoline, called "gasohol" in Brazil and "E85" in Sweden, is used as automobile fuel. Other fuels include propane, natural gas, compressed air, and ethanol (which comes from plants). There are automobiles designed to run on more than one type of fuel — these are called "flex-fuel" and are rare.
A few automobiles generate electricity from hydrogen fuel cells (like the Honda Clarity). As of 2019, most of the hydrogen that people use comes from burning fossil fuels, but scientists and engineers are trying to make hydrogen from renewable energy a lot cheaper and easier to use.Some automobiles even use solar cells for their electricity, but they are not very practical. There is a competition every year where people try to design a automobile that can last the longest and go the farthest on solar energy alone. 

There is also a type of automobile that uses both an engine and an electric motor. This is called a hybrid electric vehicle; an example is the Toyota Prius.
Regenerative brakes 
All automobiles have brakes which work by friction to stop the automobile quickly in an emergency or stop it rolling when parked. Electric automobiles also have regenerative brakes, which slow the automobile by turning the energy in its movement back into electricity, like an electric motor working the opposite way. So regenerative means the electricity is generated again.

History 

The earliest recorded automobiles were actually steam engines attached to wagons in the late 18th century. The steam engines were heavy, making these wagons slow and hard to control. Better and faster steam automobiles became common late in the 19th century.

Some automobiles in the early 20th century were powered by electricity. They were slow and heavy and went out of use until the idea came back later in the century.
The internal combustion engine changed the way many automobiles were powered. The engine used either gasoline, diesel, or kerosene to work. When the fuel is exploded in a cylinder it pushes the piston down and turns the wheels.

Although many people tried to make a good automobile that would work and sell well, people say that Karl Benz invented the modern automobile. He used a four-stroke type of internal combustion engine to power his Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1886. He began to make many automobiles in a factory and sell them in Germany in 1888.

In North America, the first modern automobile was made by brothers Charles and J. Frank Duryea in Springfield, Massachusetts. The Duryea brothers' automobile also won the first-ever car race in 1895, competing against automobiles made by Benz. The race was in Chicago, Illinois, and 53 miles long. The Duryeas then began making the first automobiles for everyday use in 1896. That year, they made 13 automobiles by hand in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Benz may have invented the first modern automobile, and the Duryeas the first automobile to be sold, but Henry Ford sold the most automobiles to the most people. In 1910 he began making and selling his Model T, which was a huge success. Many people could afford this automobile, not just the rich, because Ford used mass production. This meant he made many Model Ts in a short time in a factory. People say that the Model T is the automobile that "put America on wheels". The Model T was the most popular automobile of the time because it was cheap but it was still a good quality automobile that ordinary people could own.

Since then, many different kinds of automobiles have been designed and built, from minivans to sports cars. In the 1950s, the United States made and used more automobiles than all the rest of the world. Fifty years later, China became the largest maker and user of automobiles.

Advantages
Advantages 

Automobiles are faster than walking or riding a bike if you are going a long way. They can carry more than one person and a large amount of luggage. Depending on local public transport quality, they can also be faster and far more convenient than using buses, bicycles or passenger trains, and can often go where public transport cannot. 4-wheel drive "off road" vehicles are particularly good at reaching places difficult for other wheeled transport due to bad roads or harsh terrain. However, they cost more and burn more fuel, and there are many places even they cannot go.

Most automobiles enclose people and cargo in a closed compartment with a roof, doors and windows, thus giving protection from weather. Modern automobiles give further protection in case of collisions, as they have added safety features such as seat belts, airbags, crumple zones and side-impact protection that would be expensive or impossible on two-wheeled or light 3-wheeled vehicles, or most buses.
With regular check ups and service, automobiles can last a very long time. In some countries like Australia, people have to get their automobile checked by authorized mechanics regularly by law to confirm that their automobile is safe to drive. They can go to an automobile mechanic to get their automobile checked or have a mobile mechanic come to them to repair their automobile.

Disadvantages 
Buying and running a automobile needs a lot of money, especially for newer good-quality automobiles.  There are things to pay for — the automobile itself, fuel, parts (for example, tyres), maintenance, repairs, insurance to cover the cost of crashes or theft, parking charges, and toll roads and any taxes or licensing fees charged by the government.
When automobiles crash, they can become damaged and hurt people, and the life of a person is more important than keeping a automobile from damage.  When too many automobiles try to go the same way, traffic congestion slows them all. Automobiles can cause air pollution if too many are used in a small area like a city, and the combined pollution of the world's automobiles is partly to blame for climate change. Many places where people live close together have public transportation such as buses, passenger trains, trams and subways. These can help people go more quickly and cheaply than by automobile when traffic jams are a problem. Some of these problems can be made smaller, for example by carpooling, which is putting many people together in one automobile.
Traffic congestion and accidents can be dangerous to other road users, for example people riding bicycles or walking, especially in an old town built when automobiles were few.  Some 20th century towns are designed for automobiles as the main transport.  This can cause other problems, such as even more pollution and traffic, as few, if any, people walk. Communities are divided and separated by big roads.  Pedestrians are in danger where there are too few foot bridges, small road bridges or other special crossings.

References
Mickey Mouse Clubhouse is a children's television series on Disney Junior and Disney Channel. It was produced by Disney Television Animation.
It showed Mickey Mouse and his playmates in their journeys in different places as they learned on the way.
They took help with 3, 4 or 5 items called Mouskatools given by Toodles. Although the series was cancelled, it was given a revival of the same name.

Episodes

Season 1
 Daisy Bo-Peep
 A Surprise for Minnie
 Goofy's Bird
 Donald's Big Balloon Race
 Donald and the Beanstalk
 Mickey Goes Fishing
 Donald the Frog Prince
 Minnie's Birthday
 Goofy on Mars
 Mickey-Go-Seek
 Daisy's Dance
 Pluto's Ball
 Mickey's Treasure Hunt
 Daisy in the Sky
 Pluto's Puppy-Sitting Adventure
 Pluto's Best
 Mickey's Treat
 Minnie Red Riding Hood
 Sleeping Minnie
 Mickey Saves Santa
 Goofy the Great
 Mickey's Color Adventure
 Goofy's Petting Zoo
 Mickey's Great Clubhouse Hunt (Part 1)
 Mickey's Great Clubhouse Hunt (Part 2)
 Doctor Daisy, M.D.
 Donald's Lost Lion
 Donald's Hiccups
Season 2
 Fancy Dancin' Goofy
 Goofy the Homemaker
 Mickey's Handy Helpers
 Goofy Baby
 Minnie's Picnic
 Goofy in Training
 Mickey's Big Band Concert
 Goofy's Hat
 Donald's Special Delivery
 Clarabelle's Clubhouse Carnival
 Mickey and Minnie's Jungle Safari
 Mickey's Camp-Out
 Daisy's Pet Project
 Mickey's Big Job
 Mickey's Round-Up
 Pluto's Bubble Bath
 Mickey's Art Show
 Mickey's Silly Problem
 Mickey's Thanks a Bunch Day
 Secret Spy Daisy
 Pluto to the Rescue
 Sir Goofs-a-Lot
 Minnie's Mystery
 Mickey's Comet
 Clarabelle's Clubhouse Mooo-sical
 Minnie's Rainbow
 Space Captain Donald
 The Friendship Team
 Mickey's Message from Mars
 Pete's Beach Blanket Luau
 Donald's Ducks
 Goofy's Coconutty Monkey
 Mickey's Clubhouse Choo-Choo (Choo-Choo Express: Part 1)
 Mickey's Train Station (Choo-Choo Express: Part 2)
 Minnie's Bee Story
 Pluto's Playmate
 Mickey and the Enchanted Egg
 Goofy Goes Goofy
 Mickey's Adventures in Wonderland (Part 1)
 Mickey's Adventures in Wonderland (Part 2)
 Goofy's Super Wish
Goofy's Super Wish
 Mickey's Big Surprise
Season 3
 Goofy's Goofbot
 Mickey's Springtime Surprise
 Super Goof's Super Puzzle
 Donald of the Desert
 Happy Birthday Toodles
 Goofy's Magical Mix-Up
 Pluto's Dinosaur Romp
 Minnie's Pajama Party
 Road Rally (Part 1)
 Road Rally (Part 2)
 Donald the Genie
 Daisy's Grasshopper
 Mickey's Mousekersize
 Mickey's Little Parade
 Minnie's Mouseke-Calendar
 Pluto Lends a Paw
 Minnie's Bow-tique
 Minnie's Masquerade
 Goofy's Giant Adventure
 Donald's Clubhouse
 Mickey's Show and Tell
 Mickey's Fishy Story
 Space Adventure (Part 1)
 Space Adventure (Part 2)
 The Go-Getters
 Goofy's Gone
 Goofy Babysitter
 Pluto's Tale
 Goofy's Thinking Cap
 Minnie and Daisy's Flower Shower
 Prince Pete's Catnap
 Aye, Aye, Captain Mickey
 Donald Hatches an Egg
 The Golden Boo-Boo
Season 4
 Mickey and Donald Have a Farm
 Quest for the Crystal Mickey
 Daisy's Pony Tale
 Mickey's Farm Fun Fair
 The Wizard of Dizz! (Part 1)
 The Wizard of Dizz! (Part 2)
 Super Adventure! (Part 1)
 Super Adventure! (Part 2)
 Mickey's Mystery
 Minnie's Pet Salon
 Minnie-rella
 Mickey's Clubhouse Rocks
 Donald Jr.
 Sea Captain Mickey
 Mickey's Pirate Adventure (Part 1)
 Mickey's Pirate Adventure (Part 2)
 Mickey's Happy Mousekeday
 Minnie's Winter Bow Show (Part 1)
 Minnie's Winter Bow Show (Part 2)
 Around the Clubhouse World
 Mickey's Mousekeball
 Donald's Brand New Clubhouse
 Mickey's Mousekedoer Adventure
 Mickey's Monster Musical (Part 1)
 Mickey's Monster Musical (Part 2)
 Pop Star Minnie
 Chef Goofy on the Go
 Oh Toodles
 Mickey's Sport-Y-Thon
 Martian Minnie's Tea Party
 A Goofy Fairy Tale (Part 1)
 A Goofy Fairy Tale (Part 2)

Other websites

References
References 

2006 American television series debuts
2016 American television series endings
2006 Canadian television series debuts
2016 television series endings
Television series by Disney
Children's television series
The Indies is a word used for places in South and Southeast Asia, including Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and also Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Singapore, the Philippines, East Timor, Malaysia and Indonesia. Sometimes this area has been called the East Indies, in contrast to the West Indies.

Asia
Asclepias amplexicaulis, also known as the clasping milkweed, is a species of milkweed plant.  It is also known as blunt-leaved milkweed and sand milkweed.  It is in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to eastern North America.  The blooming period is in the spring.  This species is found in prairies and open woodlands, usually in sandy soil.  It is about 0.3 to 0.9 meters in height (1-3 feet).  Clasping Milkweed has poison that is dangerous to humans and livestock.

Other websites

Asclepias amplexicaulis at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias amplexicaulis at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses 
Asclepias amplexicaulis at Connecticut Botanical Society 
http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/prairie/htmls/plants/A-amplexicaulis.html

a
Asclepias asperula is a species of milkweed plant. It is commonly known as antelope horns, green-flowered milkweed, spider antelope horns and spider antelopehorns.  It belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.  It blooms from April to June.  This species likes to grow in moist sandy or rocky soil.  Antelope horns grows from 0.3 to 0.6 meters (1-2 feet).

Other websites

Asclepias asperula at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias asperula at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses 

a
Asclepias californica (commonly known as the California milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.  It is also known as Round-hooded milkweed. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to California and Baja California.  It blooms from April to July.  This species is found on grassy or bushy hillsides.

Other websites

Asclepias californica at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias californica at Treatment from the Jepson Manual

c
Alexandre Ménard-Burrows (born April 11, 1981) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey winger with the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Ottawa Senators. He is known for his ascension to the NHL from being an undrafted player in the ECHL.

Career statistics

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Manitoba Moose players
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
Winger, in hockey, is a forward position of a player who is on either side of the centre forward, often along the playing area. They usually work by going beside the centre. At first, the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink. Now, there are different types of wingers in the game: they either are mainly goal scorers, or help stop the other team from scoring.

This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes. Players to the left of the centre are called "left wingers," and players on the right are called "right wingers."

Ice hockey positions
The Slovak men's national ice hockey team is one of the best national ice hockey teams in the world.  As of 2008, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the world governing body of ice hockey, ranks them as the eighth best national team. The team is operated by the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation under general manager Peter Bondra, and head coach Ján Filc. In the last six years, Slovakia has won three medals at the World Championships, including a gold medal in 2002. Slovakia has a total of 12,375 hockey players (0.23% of the population).
History
The Slovak national team was created after Czechoslovakia was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. For years, the Czechs kept control over how the Czechoslovakian national team was run, and limited how many Slovak players were on the team. When the country became two, the Czech Republic team was allowed to compete at the highest pool (A), and the IIHF ruled that because fewer players of the former Czechoslovak team were Slovaks, Slovakia have to start international play in pool C, the lowest group. However, Slovakia's play in the lower pools won it promotion to pool A by 1996.

Olympic record

 1994 - Finished in 6th place
 1998 - Finished in 10th place
 2002 - Finished in 13th place
 2006 - Finished in 5th place (see roster)
 2010 - Finished in 4th place

World Cup record
1996 - Did not qualify
2004 - Lost in quarter-finals

World Championship record
1994 - Finished in 21st place (winner of the "Pool C")
1995 - Finished in 13th place (winner of the "Pool B")
1996 - Finished in 10th place
1997 - Finished in 9th place
1998 - Finished in 7th place
1999 - Finished in 7th place
2000 - Won silver medal 
2001 - Finished in 7th place
2002 - Won gold medal
2003 - Won bronze medal 
2004 - Finished in 4th place
2005 - Finished in 5th place
2006 - Finished in 8th place
2007 - Finished in 6th place
2008 - Finished in 13th place
2009 - Finished in 10th place

World Championship 2009 Roster

2002 Gold Medallists

Goalies:
Ján Lašák,
Rastislav Staňa,
Miroslav Šimonovič.

Defensemen: 
Jerguš Bača,
Ladislav Čierny,
Radoslav Hecl,
Richard Lintner,
Dušan Milo,
Peter Smrek,
Martin Štrbák,
Ľubomír Višňovský.

Forwards:
Ľuboš Bartečko,
Peter Bondra,
Michal Handzuš,
Miroslav Hlinka,
Ladislav Nagy,
Vladimír Országh,
Žigmund Pálffy,
Rastislav Pavlikovský,
Róbert Petrovický,
Peter Pucher,
Radovan Somík,
Jozef Stümpel,
Miroslav Šatan,
Róbert Tomík,
Marek Uram.
References
  - from the National Hockey League
   - from Sports Illustrated
  - from International Ice Hockey Federation

Ice hockey in Europe
National ice hockey teams
Sport in Slovakia
Organizations based in Slovakia
Yucca brevifolia is a plant species in the genus Yucca and in the family Agavaceae. Its common names are Joshua tree and Yucca palm and Tree yucca and Palm tree yucca. They grow in the desert and do not have growth rings. The lack of grow rings makes it hard to tell the trees age.

Agavaceae
The 1910–11 NHA season was the second season of the former National Hockey Association. Five teams played 16 games each, starting on December 31, 1910 and ending on March 10, 1911. The Ottawa Hockey Club won the league championship and took over the Stanley Cup from the Montreal Wanderers.

Regular season

Final standings

Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Results

† Protested by Renfrew.

‡ Replay of protested game.

Goalkeeper Averages

Leading scorers

References

Further readings 
 
 
 
 .

National Hockey Association
Timothy Thomas, Jr. (born April 15, 1974), called The Tank, is a former American professional ice hockey goaltender under contract with the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was raised in Flint, Michigan and played college hockey for the University of Vermont for four years from 1993–1997, during which, he was selected 217th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. He played for several years in the minor leagues and Europe before becoming the Boston Bruins' starting goaltender. He, along with Manny Fernandez, is the current holder of the William M. Jennings Trophy. Thomas is a two-time NHL All-Star, and was the winner of the 2009 Vezina Trophy as the league's best goaltender. The Bruins suspended Thomas for not reporting to training camp and he was traded to the Islanders for a conditional 2nd round pick in either 2014 or 2015.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1974 births
American ice hockey goaltenders
Boston Bruins players
Dallas Stars players
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Florida Panthers players
Living people
Sportspeople from Michigan
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners