Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A further project involved David Rockefeller in a major middle-income housing development when he was elected in 1947 as chairman of Morningside Heights, Inc., in Manhattan by fourteen major institutions that were based in the area, including Columbia University. The result, in 1951, was the six-building apartment complex known as Morningside Gardens.
 Senior's donations led to the formation of the University of Chicago in 1889, where the first American Nobel Prize in Science was produced in 1907, and notable for the Chicago School of Economics. This was one instance of a long family and Rockefeller Foundation tradition of financially supporting Ivy League and other major colleges and universities over the generations - seventy-five in total. This includes:
 Harvard University
 Dartmouth College
 Princeton University
 Stanford University
 Yale University
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 Case Western Reserve University
 Brown University
 Columbia University
 Cornell University
Cornell University
 University of Pennsylvania
 This financial assistance extends overseas to institutions such as London School of Economics
 University College London, among many others.
 Senior (and Junior) also created
 Rockefeller University in 1901
 General Education Board in 1902, which later (1923) evolved into the International Education Board
 Rockefeller Sanitary Commission in 1910
 Bureau of Social Hygiene in 1913 (Junior)
 International Health Commission in 1913
 China Medical Board in 1915.
 In the 1920s, the International Education Board granted important fellowships to pathbreakers in modern mathematics, such as Stefan Banach, Bartel Leendert van der Waerden, and André Weil, which was a formative part of the gradual shift of world mathematics to the US over this period.
 To help promote cooperation between physics and mathematics Rockefeller funds also supported the erection of the new Mathematical Institute at the University of Göttingen between 1926 and 1929
The rise of probability and mathematical statistics owes much to the creation of the Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris, partly by the Rockefellers' finances, also around this time.
 Junior also financially supported numerous other major institutions:
 Notable among them his ongoing support for the highly influential foreign policy think tank
 The New York Council on Foreign Relations, established in 1921.
 In 1978 the Rockefeller Foundation initiated the founding of the financial advisory council called the Group of Thirty, as well as many grants to a myriad of universities, think tanks and other institutions.
 Junior was also responsible for the creation and endowment of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, which operates the restored historical town at Williamsburg, Virginia, one of the most extensive historic restorations ever undertaken.
Conservation
Beginning with Rockefeller Senior, the family has been a major force in land conservation. Over the generations, it has created more than 20 national parks and open spaces, including the Cloisters, Acadia National Park, Forest Hill Park, the Nature Conservancy, the Rockefeller Forest in California's Humboldt Redwoods State Park (the largest stand of old-growth redwoods), and Grand Teton National Park, among many others. Rockefeller Jr, and his son Laurance (and his son Larry) were particularly prominent in this area. 

The National Audubon Society honored the family for its conservation efforts in November, 2005. Over 30 family members attended the event. At the event, the society's president, John Flicker, said: "Cumulatively, no other family in America has made the contribution to conservation that the Rockefeller family has made".
International politics/finance/economics
The family has been awarded the annual UNA-USA’s Global Leadership Award, along with other recipients over time, including Bill Clinton and Michael Bloomberg. Members of the Rockefeller family into the fourth generation (especially the prominent banker and statesman David Rockefeller, who is the present family patriarch) have been heavily involved in international politics, and have donated money, established or been involved in the following major international institutions:
The Council on Foreign Relations - David, David Jr., Nelson, John D. 3rd, John D. IV (Jay), Peggy Dulany, Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Fund.
 The Trilateral Commission - David, Rockefeller Brothers Fund.
 The Bilderberg Group - David, John D. IV.
 The Asia Society - John D. 3rd, John D. IV, Charles, David.
 The Population Council - John D. 3rd.
 The Council of the Americas - David.
 The Group of Thirty - The Rockefeller Foundation.
 The World Economic Forum - David.
 The Brookings Institution - Junior.
 The Peterson Institute (Formerly the Institute for International Economics) - David, Monica.
 The International Executive Service Corps - David.
 The Institute for Pacific Relations - Junior.
 The League of Nations - Junior.
 The United Nations - Junior, John D. 3rd, Nelson, David, Peggy Dulany, Rockefeller Brothers Fund.
 The United Nations Association - David. Monica.
The family archives
The Rockefeller Archive Center, an independent foundation that was until 2008 a part of Rockefeller University, is a vast three-story underground bunker built below the Martha Baird Rockefeller Hillcrest mansion on the family estate at Pocantico (see Kykuit). Along forty-foot-long walls of shelves on rails, maintained by ten full-time archivists, is the entire repository of personal and official papers and correspondence of the complete family and its members, along with historical papers of its numerous foundations, as well as other non-family philanthropic institutions. These include: the Commonwealth Fund, Charles E. Culpeper Foundation, Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust, and the John and Mary R. Markle Foundation.

In total, it holds over 70 million pages of documents and contains the collections of forty-two scientific, cultural, educational and philanthropic organizations.
Only the expurgated records of deceased family members are publicly available to scholars and researchers. All records pertaining to living members are closed to historians. However, as Nelson Rockefeller's researcher, Cary Reich, discovered, in the case of Nelson's voluminous  of papers, only about one-third of these files had been processed and released to researchers up to 1996. He reports that it will be many years before all the papers will be open to the public, despite Nelson having died in 1979.

The Center maintains that this repository of records, covering 140-plus years of the records of the family, in addition to non-Rockefeller philanthropic collections, gives unique insights into United States and world issues and social developments in both the 19th and 20th centuries.

Records in the collection are only available up until the early 1960s, generally 1961.
Family wealth
The combined wealth of the family – their total assets and investments plus the individual wealth of its members – has never been known with any precision. The records of the family archives relating to both the family and individual members' net worth is closed to researchers.

From the outset, and even today, the family wealth has been under the complete control of the male members of the family, through the family office. Despite strong-willed wives who had influence over their husbands' decisions – such as the pivotal female figure Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, wife of Junior – in all cases they received allowances only and were never given even partial responsibility for the family fortune.
Management of this fortune today also rests with professional money managers who oversee the principal holding company, Rockefeller Financial Services. It controls all the family's investments. The family sold Rockefeller Center in 1989, and the money made from selling it has been reinvested. The present chairman is David Rockefeller, Jr.

In 1992, it had five main arms:
 Rockefeller & Co. (Money management: Universities have invested some of their endowments in this company);
 Venrock Associates (Venture Capital: an early investment in Apple Computer was one of many it made in Silicon Valley entrepreneurial start-ups);
 Rockefeller Trust Company (Manages hundreds of family trusts);
 Rockefeller Insurance Company (Manages liability insurance for family members);
 Acadia Risk Management (Insurance Broker: Contracts out policies for the family's vast art collections, real estate and private planes.)
Family residences
Over the generations the family members have resided in some notable historic homes. A total of 81 Rockefeller homes are on the National Register of Historic Places. Not including all homes owned by the five brothers, some of the more prominent of these are:
Kykuit - The landmark six-story home on the vast Westchester County family estate, home to four generations of the family;
 Bassett Hall - The house at Colonial Williamsburg bought by Junior in 1927 and renovated by 1936, it was the favorite residence of both Junior and Abby and is now a house museum at the family-restored Colonial Revival town;
 The Eyrie - A sprawling 100-room summer holiday home on Mount Desert Island in Maine, demolished by family members in 1962;
 Forest Hill - The family's country estate and summer home in Cleveland for four decades. Built and occupied by Senior, it burned down in 1917;
 Golf House at Lakewood, New Jersey - The former three-story clubhouse for the elite Ocean County Hunt and Country Club, which Senior bought in 1902 to play golf on its golf course;
 The Casements - A three-story house at Ormond Beach in Florida, where Senior spent his last winters, from 1919 until his death;
10 West Fifty-fourth Street - A nine-story single family home, the former residence of Junior before he shifted to 740 Park Avenue, and the largest residence in New York City at the time, it was the home for the five young brothers. It was later given by Junior to the Museum of Modern Art;
 One Beekman Place - The residence of Laurance in New York City;
 740 Park Avenue - Junior and Abby's famed 40-room triplex apartment in the luxury apartment building, which was later sold for a record price;
 The JY Ranch - The landmark ranch in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, the holiday resort home built by Junior and later owned by Laurance, it was used by all members of the family and had many prominent visitors, including presidents, until Laurance donated it to the federal government in 2001.
Legacy
A trademark of the dynasty over its 140-plus years has been the remarkable unity it has maintained, despite major divisions that developed in the late 1970s, and unlike other rich families such as the DuPonts and the Mellons. A primary reason has been the lifelong efforts of "Junior" to not only cleanse the name from the opprobrium stemming from the ruthless practices of Standard Oil, but his tireless efforts to forge family unity even as he allowed his five sons to operate independently. This was partly achieved by regular brothers and family meetings, but it was also because of the high value placed on family unity by first Nelson and John 3rd, and later especially with David.
Regarding achievements, in 1972, on the 100th anniversary of the founding of Andrew Carnegie's philanthropy, the Carnegie Corporation, which has had a long association with the family and its institutions, released a public statement on the influence of the family on not just philanthropy but encompassing a much wider field. Summing up a predominant view amongst the international philanthropic world, although one poorly grasped by the public, one sentence of this statement read: "The contributions of the Rockefeller family are staggering in their extraordinary range and in the scope of their contribution to humankind."
John D. Rockefeller gave away US$540 million over his lifetime (in dollar terms of that time), and became the greatest lay benefactor of medicine in history. His son, "Junior" also gave away over $537 million over his lifetime, bringing the total philanthropy of just two generations of the family to over $1 billion from 1860 to 1960. Added to this, the New York Times declared in a report in November, 2006 that David Rockefeller's total charitable benefactions amount to about $900 million over his lifetime.
In 1991, the family was presented with the Honor Award from the National Building Museum for four generations worth of preserving and creating some of the U.S.'s most important buildings and places. David accepted the award on the family's behalf. The ceremony coincided with an exhibition on the family's contributions to the built environment, including John Sr.'s preservation efforts for the Hudson River Palisades, the restoration of Williamsburg, Virginia, construction of Rockefeller Center, and Governor Nelson's efforts to construct low- and middle-income housing in New York state.

The Rockefeller name is imprinted on numerous places throughout the United States, most notably in New York City, but also in Cleveland, where the family originates:
The Rockefeller Center - A landmark 19-building  complex in the center of Manhattan established by Junior: Older section constructed from 1930–1939; Newer section constructed during the 1960s-1970s;
 The Rockefeller University - Renamed in 1965, this is the distinguished Nobel prize-winning graduate/postgraduate medical school (formerly the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, established by Senior in 1901);
 The Rockefeller Foundation - Founded in 1913, this is the famous philanthropic organization set up by Senior and Junior;
 The Rockefeller Brothers Fund - Founded in 1940 by the third-generation's five sons and one daughter of Junior;
 The Rockefeller Family Fund - Founded in 1967 by members of the family's fourth-generation;
 The Rockefeller Group - A private family-run real estate development company based in New York that originally owned, constructed and managed Rockefeller Center, it is now wholly owned by Mitsubishi Estate Co. Ltd;
The Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors - is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that advises donors in their philanthropic endeavors throughout the world;
 The Rockefeller Research Laboratories Building - A major research center into cancer that was established in 1986 and named after Laurance, this is situated at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center;
 The Rockefeller Center - Home of the International Student Services office and department of philosophy, politics and law at the State University of New York at Binghamton;
 The Rockefeller Chapel - Completed in 1928, this is the tallest building on the campus of the University of Chicago, established by Senior in 1889;
 The Rockefeller Hall - Established by Senior in 1906, this building houses the Case Western Reserve University Physics Department;
 The Rockefeller Hall - Established by Senior and completed in 1906, this building houses the Cornell University Physics Department;
The Rockefeller Hall - Established by Senior in 1887, who granted Vassar College a $100,000 ($2.34 million in 2006 dollars) allowance to build additional, much needed lecture space. The final cost of the facility was $99,998.75. It now houses multi-purpose classrooms and departmental offices for political science, philosophy and math;
 The Rockefeller Hall - Established by Senior and completed in 1886, this is the oldest building on the campus of Spelman College;
 The Rockefeller College - Named after John D. Rockefeller III, this is a residential college at Princeton University;
 The Michael C. Rockefeller Arts Center - Completed in 1969 in memory of Nelson Rockefeller's son, this is a cultural center at the State University of New York at Fredonia;
 The Michael C. Rockefeller Collection and the Department of Primitive Art - Completed in 1982 after being initiated by Nelson, this is a wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art;
The David and Peggy Rockefeller Building - A tribute to David's wife, Peggy Rockefeller, this is a new (completed in 2004) six-story building housing the main collection and temporary exhibition galleries of the family's Museum of Modern Art;
 The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden - Completed in 1949 by David, this is a major outdoor feature of the Museum of Modern Art;
 The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum - Opened in 1957 by Junior, this is a leading folk art museum within the complex of Junior's Colonial Williamsburg;
 The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Hall - The freshman residence hall on the campus of Spelman College;
 The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Building - Completed in 1918, it is among other things a student residence hall at Spelman College, after the wife of Senior and after whom the College was named;
The Rockefeller State Park Preserve - Part of the  family estate in Westchester County, this  preserve was officially handed over to New York State in 1983, although it had previously always been open to the public;
 The Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park - Established as a historical museum of conservation by Laurance during the 1990s.
 The John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway - Established in 1972 through Congressional authorization, connecting Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks;
 The Rockefeller Forest - Funded by Junior, this is located within Humboldt Redwoods State Park, California's largest redwood state park;
 Either of two US congressional committees {in 1972 - John D. 3rd and 1975 - Nelson dubbed the Rockefeller Commission}.
 Rockefeller Park, a scenic park featuring gardens dedicated to several world nations along Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. between University Circle and Lake Erie in Cleveland.
The Winthrop Rockefeller Institute of the University of Arkansas System was established in 2005 with a grant from the Winthrop Rockefeller Charitable Trust. The educational center with conference and lodging facilities is located on Petit Jean Mountain near Morrilton, Arkansas, on the original grounds of Gov. Winthrop Rockefeller’s model cattle farm.
 The David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University.
 The Rockefeller Quad at the Loomis Chaffee School
He also funded the notable excavations at Luxor in Egypt, as well as establishing a Classical Studies School in Athens. In addition, he provided the funding for the construction of the Palestine Archaeological Museum in East Jerusalem - the Rockefeller Museum.

The family, with its far reaching philanthropy, as well as its oil, real estate, banking, and international institutions, remains a benchmark for extreme wealth ("as rich as Rockefeller"), as "Senior" is still regarded as the wealthiest man who has ever lived, worth over $300 billion in today's figures, easily surpassing Bill Gates, in terms adjusted by inflation indexing.

Generational philanthropy
The members of the Rockefeller family are noted for their philanthropy; a Rockefeller Archive Center study in 2004 documents an incomplete list of 72 major institutions that the family has created and/or endowed up to the present day. Historically, the major focus of their benefactions have been in the educational, health and conservation areas.
The corporate, financial and personal affairs of the family - numbering around 150 blood relatives of John D. Rockefeller - are run from the family office, Room 5600, known officially as "Rockefeller Family and Associates". It comprises three floors of the GE Building in Rockefeller Center. All private family legal matters are handled by the family-associated New York law firm of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy. Room 5600 is also the base of the current family historian, Peter J. Johnson, who assisted with David Rockefeller's Memoirs, published in 2002.
To distinguish the generations and facilitate communication, the fourth generation is generically known as "The Cousins" (24 in all, with 21 still living) and the younger family members are known as the "Fifth/Sixth" generation. Many if not all of these family members are involved in institutionalized philanthropic pursuits. Family links are solidified through the practice of ritualized family meetings - which started with the regular "brothers' meetings" held in Room 5600 or in their respective private residences, beginning in 1945. Family get-togethers are held today at the "Playhouse", in the Westchester County family estate of Pocantico, in June (the "cousins weekend") and December of each year (see Kykuit).
Members of the Rockefeller family
Ancestors
  Goddard Rockenfeller (1590–1684) (m.1622) Magdalena (1592–1656)  Johannes Rockenfeller (1634–1684) (m.1678) Elizabeth Margaretha Remagen (1634)
 Johann Peter Rockefeller (1681, Prussia–1763, Rocktown, NJ) (Arrived in America 1708)
 Peter Rockefeller (1711–1787) (m.1740) Mary Bellis (1723–1772) (Had nine children in all)
 Godfrey Rockefeller (1745–1818)
 Margaret Rockefeller (1750–1797) (m.late 18th century) George Trumbo (1750–1830)
 William Rockefeller (1750–1793) (m.18th century) Christina Rockefeller (1754–1800) (Distant relative) (Had seven children in all)
 Simon William Rockefeller (1775–1839)
 Godfrey Lewis Rockefeller (1783/1784–1857) (m.1806) Lucy Avery (1786–1867) (Had ten children in all)
 William Avery Rockefeller (1810–1906) (m.1837) Eliza Davison (1813–1889)
 Lucy Rockefeller (1838–1878) (m.1856) Pierson D. Briggs
 John Davison Rockefeller (1839–1937) (m.1864) Laura Celestia Spelman (1839–1915)
William Rockefeller (1841–1922) (m.1864) Almira Geraldine Goodsell
 Mary Ann Rockefeller (1843–1925) (m.1872) William Cullen Rudd
 Franklin Rockefeller (1845–1917) (m.1870) Helen Elizabeth Scofield
 Francis Rockefeller (1845–1847)
 William W. Rockefeller (1788–1851) (m.early 19th century) Eleanor Kisselbrack (1784–1859)
Descendants of John Davison Rockefeller
To the sixth-generation, with 21 still living in the fourth (the Cousins). The total number of blood relative descendants as of 2006 is about 150.
 Elizabeth "Bessie" Rockefeller Strong (1866–1906) (m.1889) Charles Augustus Strong (1862–1940)
 Margaret Strong (1897–1985) (m.1st.1927) George de Cuevas (1885–1961); (m.2nd.1977) Raimundo de Larrain
 Alice Rockefeller (1869–1870)
 Alta Rockefeller Prentice (1871–1962) (m.1901) Ezra Parmelee Prentice (1863–1955)
 John Rockefeller Prentice (1902–1972) (m.1941) Abra Cantrill (1912–1972)
 Abra Prentice Wilkin (born 1942)
 Mary Adeline Prentice Gilbert (1907–1981) (m.1937) Benjamin Davis Gilbert (1907–1992)
 Spelman Prentice (1911–2000) (m.3rd.1972) Mimi Walters
 Pamela Prentice (born 1938)(m.1st. 1960) Frans H. ten Bos
 Helena ten Bos (born 1962)(m. 1987) Count Frederic de Belloy de Saint-Lienard
 Peter Spelman Prentice (born 1940)
 Alexandra Sartell Prentice (born 1962)
 Peter Parmalee Bens (born 1987)
Erik Carl Bens (born 1996)
 Sarah Prentice Bens (born 1997)
 Michael Andrew Prentice (born 1964)
 Alta Rockefeller Prentice (born 1942)
 Michael Sartell Prentice (born 1944)
 Edith Rockefeller McCormick (1872–1932) (m.1895) Harold Fowler McCormick
 John Rockefeller McCormick (1897–1901)
 Editha McCormick (1903–1904)
 Harold Fowler McCormick, Jr. (1898–1973) (m.1931) Anne "Fifi" Potter Stillman (1879–1969)
 Muriel McCormick (1902–1959) (m.1931) Elisha Dyer Hubbard (1906–)
 Mathilde McCormick (1905–1947) (m.1923) Max Oser (1877–1942)
 Anita Oser Pauling (d. 2009 in Paris, France) Peter Max Oser (d. 1970 in Geneva, Switzerland)
 John Davison Rockefeller, Jr. (1874–1960) (m.1901) Abigail "Abby" Greene Aldrich
 Abby Rockefeller Mauzé (1903–1976)
 Abby Rockefeller Milton O'Neill (born 1928)
 Marilyn Ellen Milton Simpson (1931–1980)
 Laura Knickerbacker Simpson (born 1954)
 Abby Rockefeller Simpson (born 1958)
 John D. Rockefeller III (1906–1978) (m.1932) Blanchette Ferry Hooker
John Davison ("Jay") Rockefeller IV (born 1937)
 Sandra Rockefeller Ferry (born 1943)
 Hope Aldrich Rockefeller (born 1946)
 Alida Rockefeller Messinger (born 1949)
 Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (1908–1979) (m.1st.1930) Mary Todhunter Clark (m.2nd.1963) Margaretta Fitler Murphy
 Rodman Rockefeller (1932–2000)
 Ann Clark Rockefeller Roberts (born 1934)
 Steven Clark Rockefeller (born 1936)
 Michael Rockefeller (1938–1961)
 Mary Clark Rockefeller (born 1938)
 Nelson Rockefeller, Jr. (born 1964)
 Mark Rockefeller (born 1967)
 Laurance Spelman Rockefeller (1910–2004) (m.1934) Mary French
 Laura Spelman Rockefeller Chasin (born 1936)
 Marion French Rockefeller (born 1938)
 Dr. Lucy Rockefeller Waletzky (born 1941)
 Laurance Rockefeller, Jr. (born 1944) (m. 1982) Wendy Gordon
 Winthrop Rockefeller (1912–1973) (m.1st.1948) Barbara "Bobo" Sears (m.2nd.1956) Jeannette Edris
 Winthrop Paul Rockefeller (1948–2006)
 James E. Rockefeller Noronha (born 1989)(m. 2011) Ashley Gibbs
David Rockefeller (1915–2017) (m.1940) Margaret McGrath
 David Rockefeller, Jr. (born 1941)
 Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (born 1943)
 Neva Rockefeller Goodwin (born 1944)
 Peggy Dulany (born 1947)
 Richard Gilder Rockefeller (born 1949)
 Eileen Rockefeller Growald (born 1952)
Descendants of William Rockefeller
An article in the New York Times in 1937 stated that William Rockefeller had, at that time, exactly 28 great-grandchildren.
 Lewis Edward Rockefeller (1865–1866)
 Emma Rockefeller McAlpin (1868–1934)
 William Goodsell Rockefeller (1870–1922)
 William Avery Rockefeller (1896–1973)
 William Rockefeller
 Frederick Lincoln Rockefeller
 Elsie Rockefeller
 Godfrey Stillman Rockefeller (1899–1983)
 Godfrey A. Rockefeller (1924–2010)
 Marion Rockefeller
 Audrey Rockefeller
 Lucy Ann Rockefeller
 Anderson Rockefeller
 Peter Rockefeller
 Benjamin Rockefeller
 James Stillman Rockefeller (1902–2004)
 James Stillman Rockefeller, Jr. (born 1926)
 Liv Merlin Rockefeller Hessler (born 1957)
 Ola Stillman Rockefeller (born 1959)
 Nancy Sherlock Carnegie Rockefeller (born 1927)
 Andrew Carnegie Rockefeller (born 1929)
 Georgia Stillman Rockefeller (born 1933) (Married J Harden Rose)
 James Stillman Rose (born 1958)
 Andrew Carnegie Rose (born 1960)
 Georgia Rockefeller Rose (born 1961)
John Sterling Rockefeller (1904–1988)
 Christina Rockefeller
 Almira Geraldine Rockefeller (1907–1997) (The wife of MacRoy Jackson, Samuel Weston Scott, and later Hardie Scott.)
 Macroy Jackson
 John Davison Rockefeller (1872–1877)
 Percy Avery Rockefeller (1878–1934)
 Isabel Rockefeller Lincoln (1902–1980) m. Frederic Walker Lincoln, Jr.
 Avery Rockefeller (1903–1986)
 Winifred Rockefeller Emeny (1904–1951)
 Faith Rockefeller Model (1909–1960)
 Robert Model (born 1942)
 Gladys Rockefeller Underhill (born 1910)
 Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge (1882–1973)
 Marcellus Hartley Dodge, Jr. (1908–1930)
 Monica Rockefeller (born 1993)
Spouses
 Laura Celestia Spelman "Cettie" (1839–1915) - John D. Rockefeller.
 Abby Greene Aldrich (1874–1948) - John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
 Martha Baird Allen (1895–1971) - John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
 Mary Todhunter Clark "Tod" (1907–1999) - Nelson Rockefeller.
 Margaretta Fitler Murphy "Happy" (born 1926) - Nelson Rockefeller.
 Anne Marie Rasmussen - Steven C. Rockefeller.
 Blanchette Ferry Hooker (1909–1992) - John D. Rockefeller 3rd.
 Sharon Percy - John D. "Jay" Rockefeller, IV.
 Mary French (1910–1997) - Laurance Rockefeller.
 Wendy Gordon - Laurance "Larry" Rockefeller.
 Barbara "Bobo" Sears (1916– 2008) - Winthrop Rockefeller.
 Jeannette Edris (1918–1997) - Winthrop Rockefeller.
 Lisenne Dudderar - Winthrop Paul Rockefeller.
 Margaret "Peggy" McGrath (1915–1996) - David Rockefeller.
 Diana Newell Rowan - David Rockefeller, Jr.
 Nancy King - Richard Gilder Rockefeller.
 Elizabeth "Bessie" Rockefeller (1866–1906).
 Alta Rockefeller (1871–1962).
 Edith Rockefeller (1872–1932).
Elsie Stillman Rockefeller (1872–1935).
 Isabel Stillman Rockefeller (1876–1935''').
Select bibliography
 Abels, Jules. The Rockefeller Billions: The Story of the World's Most Stupendous Fortune. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1965.
 Aldrich, Nelson W. Jr. Old Money: The Mythology of America's Upper Class. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988.
 Allen, Gary. The Rockefeller File. Seal Beach, California: 1976 Press, 1976.
 Boorstin, Daniel J. The Americans: The Democratic Experience. New York: Vintage Books, 1974.
 Brown, E. Richard. Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
 Caro, Robert A. The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Vintage, 1975.
 Chernow, Ron. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. London: Warner Books, 1998.
 Collier, Peter, and David Horowitz. The Rockefellers: An American Dynasty. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976.
 Elmer, Isabel Lincoln. Cinderella Rockefeller: A Life of Wealth Beyond All Knowing. New York: Freundlich Books, 1987.
Ernst, Joseph W., editor. "Dear Father"/"Dear Son:" Correspondence of John D. Rockefeller and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. New York: Fordham University Press, with the Rockefeller Archive Center, 1994.
 Flynn, John T. God's Gold: The Story of Rockefeller and His Times. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1932.
 Fosdick, Raymond B. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.: A Portrait. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956.
 Fosdick, Raymond B. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. New York: Transaction Publishers, Reprint, 1989.
 Gates, Frederick Taylor. Chapters in My Life. New York: The Free Press, 1977.
 Gitelman, Howard M. Legacy of the Ludlow Massacre: A Chapter in American Industrial Relations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.
 Gonzales, Donald J., Chronicled by. The Rockefellers at Williamsburg: Backstage with the Founders, Restorers and World-Renowned Guests. McLean, Virginia: EPM Publications, Inc., 1991.
Hanson, Elizabeth. The Rockefeller University Achievements: A Century of Science for the Benefit of Humankind, 1901-2001. New York: The Rockefeller University Press, 2000.
 Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.
 Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Conscience: An American Family in Public and in Private. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991.
 Hawke, David Freeman. John D.: The Founding Father of the Rockefellers. New York: Harper & Row, 1980.
 Hidy, Ralph W. and Muriel E. Hidy. Pioneering in Big Business: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), 1882-1911. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1955.
 Jonas, Gerald. The Circuit Riders: Rockefeller Money and the Rise of Modern Science. New York: W.W.Norton and Co., 1989.
 Josephson, Emanuel M. The Federal Reserve Conspiracy and the Rockefellers: Their Gold Corner. New York: Chedney Press, 1968.
Josephson, Matthew. The Robber Barons. London: Harcourt, 1962.
 Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family. New York: Random House, 2003.
 Klein, Henry H. Dynastic America and Those Who Own It. New York: Kessinger Publishing, [1921] Reprint, 2003.
 Kutz, Myer. Rockefeller Power: America's Chosen Family. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974.
 Lundberg, Ferdinand. America's Sixty Families. New York: Vanguard Press, 1937.
 Lundberg, Ferdinand. The Rich and the Super-Rich: A Study in the Power of Money Today. New York: Lyle Stuart, 1968.
 Lundberg, Ferdinand. The Rockefeller Syndrome. Secaucus, New Jersey: Lyle Stuart, Inc., 1975.
 Manchester, William R. A Rockefeller Family Portrait: From John D. to Nelson. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1959.
 Moscow, Alvin. The Rockefeller Inheritance. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1977.
 Nevins, Allan. John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940.
Nevins, Allan. Study In Power: John D. Rockefeller, Industrialist and Philanthropist. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953.
 Okrent, Daniel. Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center. New York: Viking Press, 2003.
 Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908-1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
 Roberts, Ann Rockefeller. The Rockefeller Family Home: Kykuit. New York: Abbeville Publishing Group, 1998.
 Rockefeller, David. Memoirs. New York: Random House, 2002.
 Rockefeller, Henry Oscar, ed. Rockefeller Genealogy. 4 vols. 1910 - ca.1950.
 Rockefeller, John D. Random Reminiscences of Men and Events. New York: Doubleday, 1908; London: W. Heinemann. 1909; Sleepy Hollow Press and Rockefeller Archive Center, (Reprint) 1984.
 Roussel, Christine. The Art of Rockefeller Center. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2006.
 Scheiffarth, Engelbert. Der New Yorker Gouverneur Nelson A. Rockefeller und die Rockenfeller im Neuwieder Raum Genealogisches Jahrbuch, Vol 9, 1969, p16-41.
Sealander, Judith. Private Wealth and Public Life: Foundation Philanthropy and the Reshaping of American Social Policy, from the Progressive Era to the New Deal. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
 Siegmund-Schultze, Reinhard. Rockefeller and the Internationalization of Mathematics Between the Two World Wars: Documents and Studies for the Social History of Mathematics in the 20th Century. Boston: Birkhauser Verlag, 2001.
 Stasz, Clarice. The Rockefeller Women: Dynasty of Piety, Privacy, and Service. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
 Tarbell, Ida M. The History of the Standard Oil Company. New York: Phillips & Company, 1904.
 Winks, Robin W. Laurance S. Rockefeller: Catalyst for Conservation, Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1997.
 Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.
 Young, Edgar B. Lincoln Center: The Building of an Institution. New York: New York University Press, 1980.
Related pages

 AIG
 Asia Society
 Bilderberg Group
 Brookings Institution
 Carnegie Corporation
 Chase Manhattan Bank
 Citibank
 Colonial Williamsburg
 Council of the Americas
 Council on Foreign Relations
 ExxonMobil
 Ford family
 GE
 General Education Board
 Grand Teton National Park
 Institute for Pacific Relations
 Kykuit
 Lincoln Center
 List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
 Ludlow massacre
 MacArthur Foundation
 Montgomery Burns
 Museum of Modern Art
 Population Council

 Rainbow Room
 RCA
 Rockefeller Brothers Fund
 Rockefeller Center
 Rockefeller Foundation
 Rockefeller University
 Rothschild family
 Spelman College
 Standard Oil
 Trilateral Commission
 United Nations Association
 University of Chicago
 Venrock Associates
Gianni Agnelli
 William Adams Delano (Delano & Aldrich)
 J. Richardson Dilworth
 Allen Dulles
 John Foster Dulles
 Henry Morrison Flagler
 Frederick Taylor Gates
 Wallace Harrison
 Richard Holbrooke
 Henry Kissinger
 Ivy Lee
 William Lyon Mackenzie King
 John J. McCloy
 Richard Parsons
 Charles Pratt
 Henry H. Rogers
 George Shultz
 Jerry Speyer
 Ida Tarbell
 Paul Volcker
 John C. Whitehead
 James Wolfensohn
 Owen D. Young
 William Zeckendorf

Notes
Notes

References
 Rose, Kenneth W., Select Rockefeller Philanthropies, Booklet (pdf, 23 pages) of the Rockefeller Archive Center, 2004.
 Origin of Rockenfeld, in German 
 Descendants of Goddard Rockenfeller
 Listing of University of Chicago Nobel Laureates, News Office, University of Chicago website, undated.
 Depalma, Anthony, They Saved Land Like Rockefellers, The New York Times Archive, November 15, 2005.
 Carnegie Corporation of New York, Celebrating 100 years of Andrew Carnegie's Philanthropy - awarding the inaugural Andrew Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy to David and Laurance Rockefeller, 2001.
 The Rockefeller Archive Center, John D. Rockefeller, Junior, 1874–1960, Overview of his life and philanthropy, 1997.
 Strom, Stephanie, Manhattan: A Rockefeller Plans a Huge Bequest, The New York Times Archive, November 21, 2006.
 O'Connell, Dennis, Top 10 Richest Men Of All Time'', AskMen.com, undated.
or  was an old province of Japan in the area of Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshū. 

The province had borders with Bitchū, Bizen, Harima, Hōki, and Inaba Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Tsuyama.

History

In 713 (Wadō 6, 3rd month), the land of Mimasaka was separated from Bizen Province.   

Mimasaka was the home of the samurai Miyamoto Musashi who is known for writing The Book of Five Rings.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Mimasaka Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Nakayama jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Mimasaka.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Okayama Prefecture
, often called , was an old province of Japan in the area of Yamaguchi Prefecture on the island of Honshū. 

The province had borders with Iwami and Suō Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Shimonoseki.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Nagato Province were reformed in the 1870s.

The Japanese battleship Nagato was named after this province.

Shrines and Temples
Sumiyoshi jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Nagato.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Yamaguchi Prefecture
was an old province of Japan in the area of Yamaguchi Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Aki, Iwami, and Nagato Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Hōfu.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Suō Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Tamanoya jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Suō.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Yamaguchi Prefecture
Alexander "Alex" Zickler (born 28 February 1974 in Bad Salzungen, then German Democratic Republic) is a German football manager and former football player. He played as a striker. During his career he played for FC Bayern Munich.

Career
He started playing at the age of six with Dynamo Dresden. He played in all youth ranks. His debut in the first team was on 23 October 1992 against 1. FC Nuremberg. In July 1993 Zickler went to FC Bayern Munich  where he stayed as a player for 11 seasons. During this time he was often injured. He scored 18 goals as substitute which is record in the German Bundesliga.
In June 2005 he went to FC Red Bull Salzburg together with his team mate Thomas Linke. With Red Bull Salzburg he won three Austrian titles. 2006 he was elected Austrian footballer of the year by the coaches of the Austrian Bundesliga. 2010 he went to LASK Linz. After the end of the 2010/11 season he retired from football. He went back to Red Bull Salzburg where he works as contact partner for fans and partner firms.

Alexander Zickler played 17 times for Germanys U21 national team and scored 7 goals. In 12 matches for the German national football team he scored two goals.

Honours

Club
 Bayern Munich
 Bundesliga (7): 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05
 DFB-Pokal (4): 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05
 DFB-Ligapokal (5): 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2003–04
 UEFA Champions League (1): 2000–01
 UEFA Cup (1): 1995–96
 Intercontinental Cup (1): 2001

 Red Bull Salzburg
 Austrian Bundesliga (3): 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10
Individual
 Austrian League Topscorer (2): 2006-07, 2007–08
 Austrian Footballer of the Year (1): 2005–06
 Austrian Footballers Association Player of the Year (1): 2006–07

References

Other websites

 Players profile Fußballdaten.de (German)

1974 births
German football managers
German footballers
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Sportspeople from Thuringia
Austrian Football Bundesliga top scorers
Apollo 5 was the first unmanned test flight of the Apollo Lunar Module. The Apollo Lunar Module was the lander part of Apollo spacecraft. The module was launched on January 22, 1968 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

References 

Apollo program
1968 in the United States
1968 in technology
1960s in spaceflight
Hallucigenia is an extinct genus of animal found as fossils in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale formation of British Columbia, Canada. Another species is found in the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shale of China.  

Hallucigenia was thought by Stephen Jay Gould to be unrelated to any living species, but most palaeontologists now believe that the species was a velvet worm, a relative of modern arthropods.
Unlike its contemporary Aysheaia, Hallucigenia has very little resemblance to modern Onychophora. The elongated, and clawed legs bear little resemblance to the paired annulated legs of the Onychophora. It is unknown what the spines were made of and how much 'protection' they offered. It is not easy to explain why 30 or more specimens — each thought to have seven pairs of rather long, flexible legs — do not show even one example of paired legs. But at least this reconstruction of the animal can plausibly walk, and the spines serve a reasonable purpose. A picture of this reconstruction as well as a photograph of an actual fossil can be seen on the Geological Survey of Canada's website.

References 

Invertebrates
Fossils
Cambrian
was a  after Ten'an and before Gangyō.  This period started in April 859 and ended in April 877. During this time, the emperors were  and  .

Events of the Jōgan era

 859 (Jōgan 1, 1st month): New Year's festivities were suspended during national mourning for the death of Emperor Montoku.

 864 (Jōgan 6, 5th month): Mount Fuji erupted during 10 days. Cinders and ash fell to earth as far away as Kai Province.

 869 (Jōgan 10): Prince Sadaakira was born.  He will later become Emperor Yōzei.

 9 July 869 (May 26, Jōgan 11). The 869 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami causes damage at the Sanriku coast near Sendai.

 870 (Jōgan 11): Sadaakira was named Seiwa's heir.

 876 (Jōgan 17, 11th month): In the 18th year of Seiwa's reign, the emperor abdicated.  His five-year-old son received the succession (senso).   Soon after, Emperor Yōzei accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
A collection of laws issued after 811 was published during this era.  It was called the Jōgan kyaku-siki.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
850s establishments in Japan
9th-century disestablishments in Japan
859 establishments
877 disestablishments
Software testing takes place during software engineering. It is done before the release to the final audience.

Software testing is meant to see how the software works under different conditions. These conditions might be different depending on what the audience is. Testing is done to understand if it will work  correctly, partially fail to work properly, or totally fail to work properly. Each test may be used to see how one, or many, parts of the software work at a point in its development.

Proper performance may be based on  specific (written)  requirements or standards (which might, for example, be usability). Bad performance, or poor quality, might cause an unhappy audience. This could cause more work needing to be done on the software and higher costs.

A review of the results of tests may show that some parts of the software system may need to be done again, or may work well. Some bad performances or software bugs may need to be fixed.  After more work on the software, testing may be done again.
For larger software systems, tracking may take place checking completeness of the set of tests, test results, and how quickly any problems are fixed. All this information can be used for decision making about how ready the software is, and when it could be released to the final audience.

Software testing may be done with separate parts of the software, with a group of these parts, or with the entire software. Software testing may be done by allowing the software to be used by a small number of people who the software is meant for, under controlled settings. It is then tested with a larger group of people under less controlled settings (beta testing).

Some related terms are unit testing, white box testing, black box testing, regression testing, manual testing, automated testing, testing tools, test plan, test case, test data and test coverage.

Software
was a  after Eiryaku and before Chōkan.  This period started in September 1161 and ended in March 1163.  During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Ōhō era
 1161 (Ōhō 1, 2nd month): The emperor visited Kasuga Shrine and other shrines which were situated just outside the boundaries of the capital city.

 31 July 1162 (Ōhō 2, 18th day of the 6th month): Fujiwara no Tadazane died.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Josef Škvorecký (September 27, 1924 – January 3, 2012) was a Czech writer and publisher based in Canada. He left Czechoslovakia after the Soviet invasion in 1968. Skvorecky helped banned Czech writers have their books printed and then smuggled back in to the country.

He was born at Nachod. During World War II he worked in a factory making Messerschmitt airplanes. After the war he studied philosophy at Charles University in Prague. He worked for a government publisher. His job there was to translate books by authors such as Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and Raymond Chandler. He began to write his own detective stories based on a character called Lieutenant Boruvka.
His first novel, The Cowards (1958), was banned because it did not agree with the government about the communist resistance to the Nazis in the war. The book did not talk about heroism and sacrifice. The characters are interested in girls and jazz. He was about to publish his second novel, The Tank Battalion (1968), when the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968. Skvorecky and his wife left the country and moved to Canada where he had been offered a job at the University of Toronto. With his wife they set up their own publishing company. They reprinted The Tank Battalion. Copies were sold to Czech people living in exile. Some copies were smuggled back into Czechoslovakia. His publishing company specialized in printing books by banned Czech writers.

He was awarded the Order of the White Lion, by Vaclav Havel in 1990, and in 1992 was appointed to the Order of Canada.

Works by Josef Skvorecky
 The Cowards (1958)
 The Tank Battalion (1968)
 The Engineer of Human Souls
 The Miracle Game (1972)
References

Other websites
 Josef Skvorecky's official website 

1924 births
2012 deaths
Czechoslovak writers
was a  after Heiji and before Ōhō.  This period started in January 1160 and ended in September 1161.  During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Eiryaku era
 1160 (Eiryaku 1):  Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123–1180), was killed in a campaign to overthrow the imperial chancellor, Taira no Kiyomori; and his wife, Tokiwa Gozen was forced to flee Heian-kyō (Kyoto) with her three sons.

 1161 (Eiryaku 2): The emperor married widow of Emperor Konoe.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a  after Hōgen and before Eiryaku.  This period started in April 1159 and ended in January 1160. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Heiji era
 23 January 1159 (Heiji 1, the 3rd day of the 1st month ): The emperor made a formal visit to his father.

 19 January–5 May 1159  (Heiji 1, 9th-26th day of the 12th month): The Heiji Rebellion, also known as the "Heiji Insurrection" or the "Heiji War."

The Tale of Heiji is about this era. The work tells the story of the samurai who were part of the Heiji Rebellion. Along with the Tale of Hōgen and the Tale of Heike, these three war stories tell about the rise and fall of the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras