Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Widyaningrum Surya Nugraha (called Widya, born at Cimahi, Indonesia, February 26, 1985) is a television host from Indonesia. She is best known as a sporting event host at television station Trans7, especially for MotoGP and football events.

She started her career as a child when in 1993 she become vocalist at Trio Laris group, then in 1998 she began a career in television as host at Kring Olala at TPI. In 2001 she become host for Musiq at TVRI, and even had the opportunity to become an actress at Putri Keempat television’s serial at RCTI in 2003.

She become MotoGP’s host in 2006 season and continues today. Widya is a communication sciences scholar from UNPAD, Bandung.

Her hobby is reading and she loves cats.

Other websites

Widya Cat Lady in Twitter
Widya Saputra profile on MetroTVNews.com 

1985 births
Living people
Indonesian people
Television presenters
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and
the processes by which these arrangements change. This includes ions as well as neutral atoms and, unless otherwise stated, for the purposes of this discussion it should be assumed that the term atom includes ions.

The term atomic physics is often associated with nuclear power and nuclear bombs, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English. However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone.

As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the wider context of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Physics research groups are usually so classified.
Isolated atoms
Atomic physics always considers atoms in isolation. Atomic models will consist of a single nucleus that may be surrounded by one or more bound electrons. It is not concerned with the formation of molecules (although much of the physics is identical), nor does it examine atoms in a solid state as condensed matter. It is concerned with processes such as ionization and excitation by photons or collisions with atomic particles.

While modelling atoms in isolation may not seem realistic, if one considers atoms in a gas or plasma then the time-scales for atom-atom interactions are huge in comparison to the atomic processes that are generally considered. This means that the individual atoms can be treated as if each were in isolation, as the vast majority of the time they are.  By this consideration atomic physics provides the underlying theory in plasma physics and atmospheric physics, even though both deal with very large numbers of atoms.
Electronic configuration
Electrons form notional shells around the nucleus. These are naturally in a ground state but can be excited
by the absorption of energy from light (photons), magnetic fields, or interaction with a colliding particle (typically other electrons).

Electrons that populate a shell are said to be in a bound state.  The energy necessary to remove an electron from its shell (taking it to infinity) is called the binding energy.  Any quantity of energy absorbed by the electron in excess of this amount is converted to kinetic energy according to the conservation of energy.  The atom is said to have undergone the process of ionization.
In the event the electron absorbs a quantity of energy less than the binding energy, it will transition to an excited state. After a statistically sufficient quantity of time, an electron in an excited state will undergo a transition to a lower state.  The change in energy between the two energy levels must be accounted for (conservation of energy).  In a neutral atom, the system will emit a photon of the difference in energy.  However, if the excited atom has been previously ionized, in particular if one of its inner shell electrons has been removed, a phenomenon known as the Auger effect may take place where the quantity of energy is transferred to one of the bound electrons causing it to go into the continuum.  This allows one to multiply ionize an atom with a single photon.

There are rather strict selection rules as to the electronic configurations that can be reached by excitation by light—however there are no such rules for excitation by collision processes.

History and developments
The majority of fields in physics can be divided between theoretical work and experimental work,
and atomic physics is no exception. It is usually the case, but not always, that progress goes
in alternate cycles from an experimental observation, through to a theoretical explanation
followed by some predictions that may or may not be confirmed by experiment, and so on. Of course, the current state of technology at any given time can put limitations on what can be achieved experimentally and theoretically so it may take considerable time for theory to be refined.

One of the earliest steps towards atomic physics was the recognition that matter was composed
of atoms, in the modern sense of the basic unit of a chemical element. This theory was developed by the British chemist and physicist John Dalton in the 18th century. At this stage, it wasn't clear what atoms were although they could be described and classified by their properties (in bulk) in a periodic table.
The true beginning of atomic physics is marked by the discovery of spectral lines and attempts to describe the phenomenon, most notably by Joseph von Fraunhofer. The study of these lines led to the Bohr atom model and to the birth of quantum mechanics. In seeking to explain atomic spectra an entirely new mathematical model of matter was revealed. As far as atoms and their electron shells were concerned, not only did this yield a better overall description, i.e. the atomic orbital model, but it also provided a new theoretical basis for chemistry
(quantum chemistry) and spectroscopy.

Since the Second World War, both theoretical and experimental fields have advanced at a rapid pace. This can be attributed to progress in computing technology, which has allowed larger and more sophisticated models of atomic structure and associated collision processes.  Similar technological advances in accelerators, detectors, magnetic field generation and lasers have greatly assisted experimental work.
Significant atomic physicists

 Pre quantum mechanics
 John Dalton
 Joseph von Fraunhofer
 Johannes Rydberg
 J.J. Thomson

 Post quantum mechanics
 Alexander Dalgarno
 David Bates
 Niels Bohr
 Max Born
 Clinton Joseph Davisson
 Enrico Fermi
 Charlotte Froese Fischer
 Vladimir Fock

 Douglas Hartree
 Ernest M. Henley
 Ratko Janev
 Harrie S. Massey
 Nevill Mott
 Mike Seaton
 John C. Slater
 George Paget Thomson

Related pages
Particle physics
Isomeric shift

References

Other websites 

 Joint Quantum Institute at University of Maryland and NIST
 Atomic Physics on the Internet 
 JILA (Atomic Physics) 
 ORNL Physics Division

Nuclear physics
Quantum mechanics
Physical chemistry
San Mateo (  ; Spanish for "Saint Matthew") is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area.  With a population of about 100,000 (105,661 at the 2020 census), it is one of the larger suburbs on the San Francisco Peninsula, located between Burlingame to the north, Foster City to the east, Belmont to the south, and Highlands-Baywood Park and Hillsborough to the west. San Mateo was incorporated in 1864.

References

Other websites

Cities in California
1864 establishments in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in San Mateo County, California
Alioramus is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. It was about 20 feet long. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous period in what is now Mongolia.

The type species, A. remotus, is known from a partial skull and three foot bones. They were got from Mongolian sediments which were deposited in a humid floodplain about 70 million years ago.  A second species, A. altai, known from a much more complete skeleton, was named and described in 2009. Its relationships to other tyrannosaurid genera are unclear. Some evidence suggests that Alioramus is closely related to the contemporary species Tarbosaurus bataar.

Wetter climate 
The Maastrichtian stage in Mongolia had a wetter and more humid climate than the previous stages. Sediments show there were floodplains, large river channels and soil deposits, with periodic droughts.
This animal had many teeth, which were smaller than usual in the Tyrannosauridae, and a narrow, lower skull. It may have been a sub-adult (teenager), and must have eaten different prey than Tyrannosaurus. Since the general area was a riverine delta, the prey may have been fish.

References 

Tyrannosaurids
Dinosaurs of Asia
Walking with Dinosaurs is a 1999 nature documentary series produced by the BBC. It shows how Dinosaurs lived. The first episode, "New Blood", follows a Coelophysis trying to survive the dry season. The next, "Time of the Titans", shows a baby Diplodocus growing up. The third, "A Cruel Sea", follows a flock of Rhamphorynchus trying to avoid deadly storms. The fourth, "King of the Skies", follows a sick male Ornithocheirus migrating to Spain. The fifth, "Spirits of the Frozen Forest", follows a baby Leaellynasaura avoiding a hungry Koolasuchus (a 4-meter salamander). The last one, "Last of the Dino Dynasty", follows a female Tyrannosaurus who has already to mated and needs to take care of her babies in a world that is about to end as the Kt extinction nears by day in an already struggling volcanic world. There is also a 2013 film with the same name, a sequel called "Walking with Beasts" and a prequel called "Walking with Monsters".
BBC Television programmes
1999 British television series debuts
Documentary television series
Ornithocheirus was a crested pterosaur that lived during the late Jurassic period. There was an ornithocheirus in Walking with Dinosaurs.

Pterosaurs
Tylosaurus was an Upper Cretaceous mosasaur. It was a  large, predatory marine lizard closely related to modern monitor lizards and to snakes. 

In 1918, Charles H. Sternberg found a Tylosaurus with the remains of a plesiosaur in its stomach. The specimen is mounted in the United States National Museum (Smithsonian). The plesiosaur remains are stored in the collections. 

Although these important specimens were briefly reported by C.H. Sternberg in 1922, the information was lost to science until 2001. The specimen was rediscovered and described by Everhart. It is the basis for the story line in the new (2007) National Geographic IMAX movie - Sea Monsters.

References 

Mosasaurs
Charlotte Gainsbourg (born 21 July 1971) is an Anglo-French singer and movie actress. 

At the age of fifteen she was on an album with her father. More than twenty years later she released albums as an adult. Gainsbourg has also been in many movies. She has received both a César Award and the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival.

Gainsbourg played She in the movie Antichrist.

Related pages
Ukrainian diaspora in the United Kingdom

References

1971 births
Living people
Actors from London
British child singers
English movie actors
French movie actors
French singers
Singers from London
is a museum that is in Tagajō, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

The museum acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits a collection which focuses on the tangible heritage and the intangible heritage of  Tōhoku. The museum holds archaeological objects from excavations in the region.

The treasures of the museum include Jōmon period jade from Tagajō and Niisato in Iwate Prefecture.

History
The museum opened in the year 1999.

Related pages
Tōhoku region

References

Other websites

 Tōhoku History Museum website 
 http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/bunkazai/tagajo/tagajyou98.html 

Museums in Japan
Miyagi Prefecture
Nora Ephron (; May 19, 1941 – June 26, 2012) was an American movie director, producer and novelist. Ephron was the eldest of the four daughters of writers Henry Ephron (1911-1992) and Phoebe Ephron (née Wolkind, 1914-1971). Her sisters are Delia Ephron (born 1944), Hallie Ephron (born 1948) and Amy Ephron (born 1952). Nora Ephron was born in New York City and moved to Los Angeles, California when she was a child. She moved back East after leaving high school. She made many novels into movies. Ephron has been married to Nicholas Pileggi from 1987 until her death in 2012. Ephron died of pneumonia which was caused by her illness of acute myeloid leukemia.

References

Other websites 

American screenwriters
BAFTA Award winners
Deaths from acute myeloid leukemia
Deaths from pneumonia
Movie directors from California
Movie directors from New York (state)
Movie producers from California
Movie producers from New York (state)
Writers from Los Angeles
Writers from New York City
1941 births
2012 deaths
American bloggers
Sharon Horgan (born 13 July 1970) is an Irish actress, writer television producer and comedienne. She was born in London and moved to Dublin when she was seven. Her brother Shane Horgan (born 1978) is a retired rugby player. She wrote, produced and starred in the sitcom Pulling. Her other acting roles include: Rob Brydon's Annually Retentive, Angelo's, Free Agents, The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret, Dead Boss and Catastrophe.

References

Other websites 

1970 births
Living people
Actors from London
Irish comedians
Irish television actors
Television producers
Television writers
Writers from Dublin
Writers from London
is a art museum at Urabandai near Goshikinuma in Fukushima Prefecture.

The museum has modern art, including works by 
 Paul Cézanne
 Salvador Dali
 Henri Matisse
 Pablo Picasso
 Pierre-Auguste Renoir

History
The museum was created in 1999 from the collection of Teizo Morohashi (1932-2003), who was the founder of Xebio Co. Ltd.

References

Other websites
  Morohashi Museum of Modern Art website ;  

Art museums in Japan
Fukushima Prefecture
The Jordan national under-23 football team are a team who play association football for Jordan at the under-23 level. They play their matches in Jordan at various grounds. They were the first team to qualify for the AFC U-22 Asian Cup during the 2013 version.

Recent Games 

 Green means that the team won.
 Yellow means the team had a draw.
 Red means the team lost.

Tournament Record

Olympic Games Record

AFC U-22 Asian Cup

References

International under-23 association football teams
Sport in Jordan
Organizations based in Jordan
The Uzbekistan national under-23 football team are a team who play association football for Uzbekistan at the under-23 level. They play their matches in Uzbekistan at various grounds. They were the second team to qualify for the AFC U-22 Asian Cup during the 2013 version.

Recent Games 

 Green means that the team won.
 Yellow means the team had a draw.
 Red means the team lost.

Tournament Record

Olympic Games Record

AFC U-22 Asian Cup

References

National sports teams of Uzbekistan
International under-23 association football teams
Uzbekistani football clubs
Monsignor Georges Lemaître (Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître, 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian priest, astronomer ,  mathematician and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain. 

He was the first person to say the Universe is growing. Some people think it was Edwin Hubble, but that is not correct. Lemaître was also the first to make the Hubble's law and the Hubble constant.
Lemaître also started what became known as the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe.  He called it his 'hypothesis of the primeval atom'.

References

1894 births
1966 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian astronomers
Belgian mathematicians
Belgian physicists
Belgian Roman Catholic priests
People from Charleroi
Albert Claude (24 August 1899 – 22 May 1983) was a Belgian biologist.  He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Christian de Duve and George Emil Palade. 

He went to the University of Liège. In the summer of 1929 he joined the Rockefeller Institute. He worked at Rockefeller University in the 1930s and 1940s. 

In 1949, he became Director of the Institut Jules Bordet in Brussels.  He worked there until 1970.

1899 births
1983 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian biologists
Belgian Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
People from Luxembourg (Belgium)
Rockefeller University faculty
Ilya Prigogine (25 January 1917 – 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist of Russian Jewish descent. He won the 1977 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. 

Prigogine studied chemistry at the Free University of Brussels.  In 1950 he became a professor there.  In 1959 he started teaching at the University of Texas at Austin in the United States.

Prigogine was married to Belgian poet Hélène Jofé. After their divorce, he married Polish-born chemist Maria Prokopowicz in 1961.

Related pages 
 List of Nobel Prize winners by country

References

1917 births
2003 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian chemists
Belgian Jews
Belgian Nobel Prize winners
Belgian physicists
Jewish academics
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish scientists
Zhouzhi County (, pinyin:Zhōuzhì Xiàn) is a county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is in the southwest part of Xi'an. Before 1964, it was written in Chinese as 盩厔 (also read Zhouzhi), meaning surrounded by mountains and rivers. It covers . As of November 2010, 562,768 people lived there. Zhouzhi is famous for embroidery, and the product kiwifruit.

References 

Shaanxi
Counties of China
Shaun Marcum (born December 14, 1981 ) is an American baseball player. He is a Major League pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers . He has played with the Brewers since 2011. He pitched for the Toronto Blue Jays from 2005 until 2010. Marcum was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

References

Other websites 
Stats at Baseball-Reference

Toronto Blue Jays players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Sportspeople from Kansas City, Missouri
Living people
1981 births
Giovanni Paisiello (9 May 1740 – 5 June 1816) was a composer from Italy. He wrote more than 80 operas. He also wrote music for churches and concerts.

Life
Paisiello was born in Roccaforzata, a small town near Taranto in the south of Italy. His father was a veterinarian (a doctor for animals). When he was five years old, his father sent him to a Jesuit school in Taranto. His father wanted him to be a lawyer. Paisiello's teachers saw that he had a very beautiful singing voice and much talent for music. This made his father change his mind. He sent Paisiello to a famous music school in Naples called the . He studied at the music school for five years. At first, he composed church music, but then he began writing operas. Soon his operas became popular all over Italy.
Sources
Grove, George (1900) "Paisiello, Giovanni", in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (A.D. 1450-1889), Vol. 2, pp. 633-634. MacMillan & Co., Ltd.
Randel, Don Michael (ed.) (1996). "Paisiello, Giovanni" in The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music, p. 664. Harvard University Press

1740 births
1816 deaths
18th-century Italian composers
19th-century Italian composers
The Heckler & Koch G3 is a battle rifle developed by Heckler & Koch and the Spanish state-owned design and development agency CETME. It has a 20 rounds magazine, that holds 7.62mm NATO ammunition.

It was invented in the 1950s, and was the main weapon of the German army (Bundeswehr). Now the main weapon is the G36. Many German soldiers want the old G3 back. The G3 is still in service as a sniper rifle, but they changed to the G28 for "designated marksmen". 

The deign of the G3 was so influential that it was the base for making the MP5 and the PSG-1.

References

Rifles of the Cold War
7.62 mm firearms
Battle rifles
Sir Raymond Douglas Davies  ( ; born 21 June 1944) is a British rock musician. He was born in Fortis Hill, Muswell Hill, north London. He was the lead singer of The Kinks, in which his brother Dave Davies was lead guitarist. Since the band split, Ray Davies is a solo singer-songwriter.

Davies attempted suicide and was later diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

References

Other websites 
Official website

1944 births
Living people
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from London
Singers from London
People with bipolar disorder
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is a top banking institution of the Republic of India. The bank controls the money supply in the country.

History
The bank was established on 1 April 1935, when India was under British rule. The Bank was established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The bank was nationalised in 1949.

References

Other websites 

 Reserve Bank of India website 

Banks of India
Economy of India
1935 establishments in Asia
1930s establishments in India
Conservation, also known as conservation and restoration, is a job where people try to protect the important parts of a culture for the future. 

Conservation activities include examination, documentation, treatment, protection.  All of this work is supported by research and education.

Definition 
In traditional terms, the role of the conservator involves the examination, conservation, and preservation of cultural heritage using "any methods that prove effective in keeping that property in as close to its original condition as possible for as long as possible."

The role of conservation is a kind stewardship.

The conservator has ethical guidelines, including
 Minimal intervention
 Materials and methods which can be undone if necessary
 Full documentation of all work 

An appropriate conservation strategy requires good judgment, taking into account  
 the views of the owner of the object 
 the heritage value and meaning of the object
 the physical needs of the material
Gallery
This series of images shows the process of restoration of a mural in France.

References

Other websites

 Metropolitan Museum of Art, What is Art Conservation?
 Liverpool Museum, Agents of Deterioration

Art
The Heckler & Koch G36 is an assault rifle designed in the 1990s by Heckler & Koch (H&K) in Germany. The weapon is gas operated and has a standard magazine that holds 30 of the 5.56mm NATO rounds. It can also be used with a 100-round 'drum'. The G36 has a 3x scope and often a red dot sight, too in the carrying handle. The G36 is the main weapon of many special units and the army of Portugal, Spain and Germany (Bundeswehr). 

Before Heckler & Koch started building for Germany, the G36 has had the name "HK50".

Variants
G36K is 17 cm (7 in) shorter (K=kurz: German for short)
G36C is 28 cm (11 in) shorter and looks like a submachine gun (C=compact)
LMG36 is the normal (1 meter long) G36 with a bipod and a 100 rounds magazine (LMG=leichtes Machienen Gewehr: German for light machine gun)

References

Assault rifles
5.56 mm firearms
The  is a Japanese treasure house in the Tōdai-ji temple complex at Nara  It is close to the building which houses the Great Buddha (Diabutsuden).
 
It is the oldest museum structure in the world.

History 
The earliest objects in the Shōsō-in were put there by Empress Kōmyō (701–760). The collection includes artifacts from the arts and crafts of the Tempyō era. 
 
The building was built in the  with a raised floor .

References

Other websites

 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Imperial Household Agency page for Shōsōin 
 University of California, Irvine, Shosoin Imperial Repository. 

Museums in Japan
World Heritage Sites in Japan
Nara Prefecture
Anaïs Nin (full name: Angela Anaïs Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell) February 21, 1903 – January 14, 1977. (, ), was a French-Cuban-American novelist. 

Her books were the basis of movies, including Henry & June (1990) and Delta of Venus (1994). She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris. Her parents were from Cuba. Her father Joaquín Nin was a well-known composer. Her mother Rosa Culmell was a classical singer. She spent her early years in Spain and Cuba and then lived in Paris. In Paris she became a close friend of the writer Henry Miller. She helped him get his first novel, Tropic of Cancer, published and wrote the preface to it. 

She later moved to the United States and died there of cancer in Los Angeles.

References

1903 births
1977 deaths
People from Neuilly-sur-Seine
Writers from Paris
Aquamarine is a color, a light tint between blue and green. It is named for the gemstone aquamarine.

The first recorded use of aquamarine as a color name in English was in 1598.

The color medium aquamarine (shown below) is used for the uniforms of nurses and surgeons and also used to paint rooms in hospitals because it is regarded as a color that calms and relaxes the patients.

Tones of aquamarine color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
Pierre René, Viscount Deligne (born 3 October 1944) is an important Belgian mathematician. He is known for work on the Weil conjectures.

He was born in Etterbeek.  He went to school at Athénée Adolphe Max and studied at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB).

He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1978, the Crafoord Prize in 1988, the Balzan Prize in 2004 and the Wolf Prize in 2008.

In 2006 he was ennobled by the Belgian king as viscount.

In 2009, Deligne was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

References 

Fields Medalists
Wolf Prize winners
Abel Prize winners
1944 births
Living people
Belgian mathematicians
People from Brussels-Capital Region
Jean Bourgain (28 February 1954 – 22 December 2018) was a Belgian mathematician.  He was a professor at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and Institut des hautes études scientifiques at Bures-sur-Yvette in France.  From 1994 until his death he has worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He was an editor for the Annals of Mathematics.

He received his Ph.D. from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1977.

He received the Fields Medal in 1994.  In 2009 Bourgain was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 2010 he received the Shaw Prize in Mathematics. In 2012 he and Terence Tao received the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Bourgain died on 22 December 2018 in Bonheiden, Belgium at the age of 64.

References

Fields Medalists
1954 births
2018 deaths
Belgian mathematicians
People from West Flanders
Rogier van der Weyden or Roger de la Pasture (1399 or 1400 – 18 June 1464) was an early Flemish painter. His surviving works are mainly religious triptychs, altarpieces and commissioned single and diptych portraits. He was very successful and internationally famous in his lifetime. His paintings went to Italy and Spain.  By the end of the 15th century, he had become more popular than Jan van Eyck. His fame lasted only until the 17th century.

Due to the loss of archives in 1695 and again in 1940, there are few certain facts of van der Weyden's life. Rogelet de le Pasture (Roger of the Pasture) was born in Tournai in 1399 or 1400. His parents were Henri de le Pasture and Agnes de Watrélos. He married around 1426, to Elisabeth Goffaert.  He was made town painter of Brussels in 1436.  He changed his name from the French to the Dutch format, becoming 'van der Weyden'.

Gallery

References

Other websites

1400s births
1464 deaths
Flemish painters
Lambert Lombard (Liège, 1505 – 1566) was a Renaissance painter, architect and theorist for the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. During his career he worked for Jan Gossaert in Middelburg and trained Frans Floris. In 1532 he became court painter and architect in Liège. A few paintings and many drawings have been kept.

In 1537 he was sent to Rome by Erard de la Marck, prince-bishop of Liège, to buy works of art.  While there he discovered the wonders of the Italian Renaissance. On his return he brought not only works of art, but also the new ideas about art to Liège.

Dominicus Lampsonius wrote a biography of Lombard called The Life of Lambert Lombard.

1505 births
1566 deaths
Flemish painters
People from Liège
Sir Anthony van Dyck (22 March 1599 – 9 December 1641) was a Flemish Baroque artist.  He was the leading court painter in England in the early 17th century. He is most famous for his portraits of Charles I of England and his family and court. His style of portrait painting was followed in England for the next 150 years. He also painted biblical and mythological subjects.

1599 births
1641 deaths
Flemish painters
Knights Bachelor
James Sidney Edouard, Baron Ensor (13 April 1860 – 19 November 1949) was a Flemish-Belgian painter and printmaker. He was an important influence on expressionism and surrealism. He lived in Ostend for most of his life. He was associated with the artistic group Les XX.

Life
From 1877 to 1880, he attended the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. His only travels were three brief trips to Paris, London, and Holland.

In 1895 his painting The Lamp Boy (1880) was acquired by the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels. He had his first solo exhibition in Brussels. By 1920 he was the subject of major exhibitions. In 1929 he was named a Baron by King Albert. He was the subject of the Belgian composer Flor Alpaerts's "James Ensor Suite".  In 1933 he was awarded the band of the Légion d'honneur.
Against the advice of friends, he remained in Ostend during World War II despite the risk of bombardment. In his old age he was an honored figure among Belgians. His daily walk made him a familiar sight in Ostend. He died there after a short illness, on 19 November 1949.

Work
His early works show domestic scenes with little color. Later he started to use brighter colors. His subjects became very imaginative. He painted carnivals, masks, puppets and skeletons.

References

Other websites

Belgian painters
Printmakers
1860 births
1949 deaths
Belgian nobility
Flemish painters
Les XX was a group of twenty Belgian painters, designers and sculptors.  It was formed in 1883 by the Brussels lawyer, publisher, and entrepreneur Octave Maus.  For ten years 'Les Vingt', as they called themselves, held a yearly exhibition of their art.  Each year twenty international artists were also invited to be in the exhibition. Artists invited over the years included: Camille Pissarro (1887, 1889, 1891), Claude Monet (1886, 1889), Georges Seurat (1887, 1889, 1891, 1892), Paul Gauguin (1889, 1891), Paul Cézanne (1890), and Vincent van Gogh (1890, 1891). 

In 1893, the society of Les XX was changed into "La Libre Esthétique".

Eleven founding members
James Ensor 1860-1949 (member until 1893)
Théo van Rysselberghe 1862-1926 (member until 1893)
Fernand Khnopff 1858-1921 (member until 1893)
Alfred William Finch
Frantz Charlet b 1862
Paul Du Bois
Charles Goethals c1853–85
Darío de Regoyos (Spanish)
Willy Schlobach b 1864
Guillaume van Strydonck 1861–1937
Rodolphe Wytsman 1860–1927
Nine invited members
Guillaume Vogels
Achille Chainaye 1862–1915
Jean Delvin 1853-1922
Jef Lambeaux
Périclès Pantazis (Greek) 1849-1884
Frans Simons 1855–1919
Gustave Vanaise 1854–1902
Piet Verhaert 1852–1908
Théodore Verstraete 1850–1907

Twelve later invited members
Felicien Rops 1833-1898
Georges Lemmen 1865-1916 (member from 1888)
George Minne 1866-1941
Anna Boch 1848-1926 (member from 1885-1893: only female member)
Henry van de Velde (member from 1888)
Guillaume Charlier
Henry De Groux
Robert Picard b 1870
Jan Toorop (Dutch)
Odilon Redon (French)
Paul Signac (French)
Isidore Verheyden (member from 1884-1888)

References

Belgian painters
1883 establishments in Europe
Cultural organizations
Belgian sculptors
Designers
19th-century establishments in Belgium
Organizations based in Belgium
Constant Permeke (31 July 1886 – 4 January 1952) was  a Belgian painter and sculptor.  He is said to be the leading figure of Flemish expressionism.

Permeke was born in Antwerp. When he was six years old the family moved to Ostend.  His father was curator of the Municipal Museum of Arts. Permeke went to school in Bruges from 1903 until 1906. In 1906 he was drafted into the Belgian army. After his military service ended in March 1908, Permeke returned to Ostend.  He roomed together with another artist, Gustave De Smet. In 1909 he returned to Latem where he lived as a recluse.  In 1912 Permeke married Maria Delaere and the newlyweds settled in Ostend.

When World War I started, Permeke was in the defense of Antwerp.  He was wounded in action near the town of Duffel. His wounds forced him to be evacuated to the United Kingdom.  In 1916 he moved to Chardstock in Devonshire and started painting again, mostly colorful English landscapes. After the end of the war, the Permeke family returned to Ostend in 1919.
In 1921 Permeke was able to exhibit his work in Antwerp and in Paris. Between 1922 and 1924, Permeke regularly went to Astene. In 1926 Permeke went to Vevey in Switzerland where he mainly painted mountain scenes. In 1929 he moved to Jabbeke.  Starting in 1937 Permeke tried his hand at sculpting as well.

During World War II, Permeke was forbidden to paint by the German occupiers.  His art was seen by them as Entartete Kunst. His son Paul was arrested and sent to Germany as a forced labourer. After the war, Permeke was made director of the Royal Academy in Antwerp.  He only worked there one year. In 1948 his wife died. Emotionally scarred and ailing, Permeke had to be nursed by his daughter.

Constant Permeke died 4 January 1952. He was buried next to his wife at the cemetery in Jabbeke. A statue which Permeke had commissioned by his friend George Minne was placed on the grave of his beloved wife.
In 1997, Belgium recognized Permeke by dedicating the 1,000 franc bill to him and his work. The bill was used until Belgium started using the euro in 2002.

1886 births
1952 deaths
Belgian painters
People from Antwerp
Belgian sculptors
Paul Delvaux (23 September 1897 – 20 July 1994) was a Belgian painter.  He is known for his Surrealism, famous for his paintings of female nudes.

Delvaux was born in Antheit. The young Delvaux took music lessons, studied Greek and Latin, and read the fiction of Jules Verne and the poetry of Homer.  He studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels.  He studied architecture because his parents did not want him to be a painter. He went for his goal by taking painting classes taught by Constant Montald and Jean Delville. The painters Frans Courtens and Alfred Bastien also encouraged Delvaux. He completed about 80 paintings between 1920 and 1925. 1925 was the year of his first solo exhibition.

He was named director of the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in 1965. In 1982 the Paul Delvaux Museum opened in Saint-Idesbald. Delvaux died in Veurne in 1994.

References

1897 births
1994 deaths
Belgian painters
People from Liège (province)
Panamarenko (pseudonym of Henri Van Herwegen; 5 February 1940 – 14 December 2019) was a famous assemblagist in Belgian sculpture. He is famous for his work with airplanes as theme.  None of the airplanes are able to actually leave the ground.

Panamarenko studied at the academy of Antwerp. Before 1968, his art was inspired by Pop art.  Early on he became interested in planes and human powered flight.  This interest is also shown in his name.  It is supposed to be an acronym for "Pan American Airlines and Company".

Starting in 1970, he developed his first models of imaginary vehicles, planes, balloons or helicopters. Many of his sculptures are modern versions of the myth of Icarus.

In 2003 Panamarenko married the 34 year younger Eveline Hoorens. At the opening of a large-scale overview exhibition of his work in Brussels in 2005, Panamarenko said he was retiring as an artist.  He has since had his own coffee brand PanamaJumbo.

On 24 April 2009, VLM Airlines named one of its Fokker 50 aircraft in his honour.
References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Belgian artists
People from Antwerp
Jan Fabre (born December 14, 1958 in Antwerp) is a Belgian artist, playwright, stage director, choreographer and designer.

He studied at the Municipal Institute of Decorative Arts and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp. Between 1976 and 1980 he wrote his first scripts for the theatre. From 1980 he began his career as a stage director and stage designer.

Fabre is famous for his Bic-art (ballpoint drawings). In 1990, he covered an entire building with ballpoint drawings.

His decoration of the ceiling of the Royal Palace in Brussels is called Heaven of Delight.  It is made out of one million six hundred thousand jewel-scarab wing cases. In 2008, Jan Fabre's The Angel of Metamorphosis exhibition was held at the Louvre Museum.

In September 2018, Fabre was accused by 20 former employees of sexual harassment.

References

1958 births
Living people
Belgian artists
Designers
Writers from Antwerp
Belgian playwrights
As of the 2020 United States Census, there are 461 incorporated cities and towns in the U.S. state of Alabama.


Incorporated cities and towns

Census-designated places
There are 131 census-designated places in Alabama.

Unincorporated communities

Notes

References

Alabama

settlements
This is a list of incorporated cities in the U.S. state of Alaska, including unified city-boroughs.
There are a total of 149 cities in Alaska.

Notes

References

Alaska
Alaska-related lists
Lazar Markovich Lissitzky  ( – 30 December 1941), better known as El Lissitzky, was a Russian artist, designer, photographer, typographer, and architect.

He was an important figure of the Russian avant-garde, helping develop suprematism with his mentor, Kazimir Malevich. He designed exhibition displays and propaganda works for the former Soviet Union. His work greatly influenced the Bauhaus and constructivist movements, and he experimented with techniques and ideas ine 20th-century graphic design.

Works
El Lissitzky's entire career was based on his belief that the artist could be an agent for change. Lissitzky, who was Jewish, began his career illustrating Yiddish children's books. This was to promote Jewish culture in Russia, which had just ended its antisemitic laws. He started teaching at 15; and taught throughout his life. Over the years, he taught in a variety of positions, schools and artistic media, spreading and exchanging ideas.
He took this ethic with him when he worked with Malevich in the art group UNOVIS and when he worked his own. He took up a job as the Russian cultural ambassador to Weimar Germany. There he worked with important figures of the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. In his remaining years he brought innovation and change to typography, exhibition design, photomontage, and book design. He produced critically respected works and won international acclaim for his exhibition design. This continued to the end of his life. In 1941 he produced one of his last works – a Soviet propaganda poster rallying the people to make more tanks for the fight against Nazi Germany.

References 

1890 births
1941 deaths
Russian architects
Russian Jews
Russian photographers
Soviet Jews
History of Teatro di San Carlo
The new King of Naples, Charles VII, was very interested in the arts. He wanted the city to have a new and beautiful opera house. The old one, the Teatro San Bartolomeo, was falling apart. King Charles paid for building the new theatre. It was built on land next to his palace and designed by Giovanni Antonio Medrano (1703 – 1760). The new theatre took only seven months to build. It opened on 4 March 1737. The first opera performed there was  (Achilles in Skyros). The famous Italian poet, Metastasio, wrote the words and story. Domenico Sarro wrote the music. He also conducted the orchestra.
The building burnt down on 12 February 1816. Six days after the fire, King Ferdinand IV (the son of King Charles) asked the architect Antonio Niccolini to build the theatre again. Nicolini used Medrano's designs but he made the stage bigger. The inside of the new Teatro di San Carlo was even more beautiful than the first one. The new theatre opened on 12 January 1817, with an opera by Simon Mayr,  (Partenope's Dream). Since then, only small changes were made to the building. It was damaged by bombs during World War II, but American and British soldiers soon repaired it.
Today
Like most Italian opera houses, the Teatro di San Carlo is built in a horseshoe shape. It has downstairs seats called stalls. There are six more levels of seats called box seats where groups of people can sit together. The box seats go all the way to the top of the opera house. Overall, there are 1386 seats in the Teatro di San Carlo today. The inside of the theatre has beautiful decorations in red and gold. A large painting by Giuseppe Cammarano covers the ceiling. The painting shows the Greek god Apollo and the goddess Minerva. All around them are famous poets.
Because of its shape, the San Carlo has very good sound quality. People can hear the singers and orchestra even in the most far away seats. Operas, ballets and concerts are performed there. People can also rent the theatre for parties or to put on their own shows. In 2010, much work was done on the opera house. It now has more rooms for rehearsals, modern machinery for the stage, and air conditioning. The Teatro di San Carlo has its own orchestra.

References
References

Sources
Callow, Simon (2008). Classical Destinations II, p. 132. Hardie Grant Publishing
Grove, George (1900) "San Carlo", in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (A.D. 1450-1889), Vol. 3, p. 223. MacMillan & Co., Ltd
Kington, Tom (25 January 2010). "Naples opera house to reopen after €65m restoration". The Guardian
Maffei, Luigi; Iannace, Gino; Ianniello, Carmine; and Romano, Rosario (1998). "The Acoustics of the Italian Opera House Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, Italy" . Acoustical Society of America.
Teatro di San Carlo. Il Teatro e la sua Storia (The Theatre and its History)

Other websites

 Official web site 

Opera houses in Italy
Naples
1737 establishments
18th-century establishments in Italy
1730s establishments in Europe
Gaoling District ( pinyin:Gāolíng Qū) is a county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is in the north part of Xi'an. Weiyang District and Baqiao District are to the south. Yanliang District is to the north. Lintong District is to the east. Xianyang Municipality is to the west. It covers . As of November 2010, 333,477 people lived there.

Chinese government changed it from "Country" to "District" on Dec,2014.

References 

Shaanxi
Counties of China
A cluster bomb, or cluster munition, is an explosive device. It explodes in the air or on the ground, and releases many smaller bombs. It is an anti-personnel weapon because it kills or maims people, not armoured vehicles.
They were used a lot during the Vietnam War and have been used in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

They are considered illegal by over 100 countries. These countries have signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions adopted in May 2008.

Related pages
Russian invasion of Ukraine

Explosives
Mill Green is a hamlet in Edwardstone, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It is Edwardstone's main settlement.

Features 
Mill Green has a pub called The White Horse, Mill Green Brewery is also behind it. A Smock windmill was in Mill Green, but it was demolished in 1965.

Mill Green Brewery 
Mill Green Brewery has won a national SIBA Gold Award. It is also on The Good Pub Guide 2011 2012 and 2014.

Related pages 
 Listed buildings in Mill Green

References

Other websites 
 http://www.suffolkfreepress.co.uk/news/latest-news/edwardstone-s-mill-green-brewery-scoops-award-1-561523 
 https://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/TL9542

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Parliament Heath is a hamlet in Groton, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has 4 listed buildings, including Daisygreen Cottages, Lodge Cottage, Malting Farmhouse and Primrose Cottage.

References 
 GENUKI

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Sherbourne Street is a place on the Ordnance Survey in Edwardstone, Babergh, Suffolk, England. Sherbourne Street was on A Vision of Britain through Time 19th century map as Shover Street. There was a school in Sherbourne Street called Edwardstone House School, but it closed on the 31st of August 1993. It was for boys who were 8 – 13 years old. Edwardstone House is now a Listed building.

Related pages 
 Listed buildings in Sherbourne Street

References 
 GENUKI

Other websites 
 Geograph

Settlements in Babergh
Villages in Suffolk
Broad Street is a hamlet in Groton, Babergh, Suffolk, England.

Other websites 
 https://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/TL9643

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Horner's Green is a hamlet in Groton, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has a listed building called Spout Farmhouse.

References 

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Gosling Green is a hamlet in Groton, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has a listed building called Gosling Green House.

References 
 GENUKI

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Kersey Tye is a hamlet in Kersey, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has one listed building called Bridges Farmhouse. There was a Congregation house built in about 1835 which is not always used for worship.

References 

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Ahn Chang-ho (9 November 1876 - 10 March 1938) was a Korean independence activists and enlightened activists. He was an educator who founded Jeomjin School (), Daesung School (), Chungnyunhakwuhoi () and NGOs Heungsadan (; ), Suyangdongwuhoi(). His first name was Chisam, nickname was Dosan.

Related pages
 Syngman Rhee
 Yun Chi-ho
 Kim Seong-su
 Lee Gwang-su

Other websites
 The Ahn Chang Ho Website
 Biographical Information 
 Dosan Ahn changho's Memorial
 Dosan Academy
 Ahn Chang-ho 
 Ahn Chang-ho 

1876 births
1938 deaths
Korean activists
Korean educators
Thomas Vanek  (born January 19, 1984) is an Austrian former professional ice hockey left winger. He played a total of 14 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). Vanek played for the Buffalo Sabres, New York Islanders, Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers, and the Vancouver Canucks. He also played for the Graz 99ers of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL).

Career
Before he played in the NHL, Vanek played for the Sioux Falls Stampede of the USHL for 3 seasons and the University of Minnesota for 2 years.

He was drafted 5th overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 2003 NHL draft. He played for the Buffalo Sabres for 8 seasons.

On October 27, 2013, he was traded to the New York Islanders for Matt Moulson, a 2014 1st round draft pick, and a 2015 2nd round draft pick.

On July 1, 2014, Vanek signed a three-year, $5.5 contract with the Minnesota Wild. The contract will also give him $6.5 million in the second year, and $7.5 million in the third year as well as a no-trade clause.
References

Other websites 
 

1984 births
American Hockey League players
Austrian ice hockey players
Buffalo Sabres players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Detroit Red Wings players
Florida Panthers players
Living people
Minnesota Wild players
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Islanders players
Rochester Americans players
Sportspeople from Lower Austria
United States Hockey League players
Vancouver Canucks players
Mario Altmann (born November 4, 1986 in Vienna) is an Austrian ice hockey player who was participating at the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Austria men's national ice hockey team.

References

1986 births
Living people
Austrian ice hockey players
Ice hockey defencemen
Sportspeople from Vienna
Swedish Hockey League players
Wicker Street Green is a hamlet in Kersey, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has seven listed buildings, including Curtis Farmhouse, Elm Farmhouse, Hollies Cottage, Lodge Farmhouse, Red House Farmhouse, Wicker Street Cottage and Wicker Street House.

References 

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Lindsey Tye is a settlement in Lindsey, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has seven listed buildings, including Cottage Owned by Mr W Partridge Immediately North of Tye Cottage, Falcon Hall, Gooseberry, Ivydene, Rose Cottage, Swallow's Farmhouse and Tye Cottage. There was also a Baptist chapel built there in 1840.

References 

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
King's Meaburn is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 105 people living in King's Meaburn.

References

Other websites 

 http://www.visitcumbria.com/pen/kings-meaburn.htm

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Upsher Green is a hamlet in Great Waldingfield, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has one listed building, called Gable Cottage and Lark Cottage.

References 

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh