Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist. In 1988, she received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Sir James Black, a British coworker.

Background 
Elion was born in New York. Elion wanted to pursue a job in science. Although women had a hard time getting a job in science during the Great Depression. Elion started as a cancer researcher in high school. She worked as a lab assistant, food analyst, and high school teacher for several years. While Elion worked, she earned her Master's degree at night. In 1941, she earned her M.S. (Master’s in science) degree in chemistry from New York University.
During World War II, the Wellcome Research Laboratories in Tuckahoe, New York hired Elion as a biochemist. In 1988, she and her colleague, George Herbert Hitchings, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. They both discovered and developed treatments for previously incurable diseases. Some of those diseases were leukemia and herpes. She became the senior research chemist. Later, she was promoted to the head of the Department of Experimental Therapy.

Cures for diseases 
Elion discovered drugs to treat two deadly diseases. She treated Leukemia and Herpes. She tested her drugs on little children with the disease. She worked with a food and drug company. During her time there were no effective drugs. Because Gertrude discovered and tested these drugs, most children with Leukemia can now be cured. 

Acyclovir was the drug she and George Herbert Hitchings developed. Elion and George worked together. She trained a group that found a cure for AIDS and HIV.
Elion also stopped the rejection of kidney transplants, or when someone healthy donates their kidney to someone sick. While studying for her Master's Degree, she was a lab assistant, food inspector, and high school teacher.

Achievements 
Elion became president of the American Association for Cancer Research (1983-84). She was named the "Higuchi Memorial Award winner". She lectured at the University of Kansas in 1995. She also received a “Master of Science” award in chemistry from New York University in 1941.

Elion was hired as a biochemist during World War II. She focused on chemical compounds and nitrogenous bases. Elion also worked part time as a doctor in Brooklyn. She received an honorary doctorate, the highest medical degree, from George Washington University.

Elion was also the first woman to be admitted into the National Inventor’s Hall of Fame.

Elion graduated from Hunter College with a Bachelor of Art’s Degree in chemistry in 1937.
Dedication and death 
Gertrude B. Elion held 45 patents. Elion said that her 40 years of research resulted in many cures. Her research also helped many people discover deadly diseases. She also studied about the immune system and viruses as well as biochemistry and pharmacology.

Elion died on February 21, 1999, at the University of North Carolina Hospital.

Works 
Gertrude Elion had someone explain of her life in Les Prix Nobel in 1988. She is mentioned in Who's Who 1997 and St. Martin's Press' yearly biographical dictionary.

References 

1918 births
1999 deaths
American pharmacologists
American biochemists
Scientists from New York City
American Nobel Prize winners
Haldan Keffer Hartline ForMemRS (December 22, 1903 – March 17, 1983) was an American physiologist. He was a co-winner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision.

Sources

Other wbesites
Nobel biography
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

1903 births
1983 deaths
American physiologists
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Stephanie Adams (July 24, 1970 – May 18, 2018) was an American model and author. She was the Playboy Playmate for November 1992. Orange, New Jersey was her birth place but Adams grew up in New York. She was raised by two of her aunts Joyce and Pearl, former models who encouraged Adams to do modeling when she was 16.

On May 18, 2018, Adams murdered her seven-year-old son and killed herself. The New York City Police Department says that she pushed her son out of a 25th-story balcony, before jumping herself.

Related pages 
List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: A

References

Other websites 
Stephanie Adams' official website
 

Writers from New York (state)
1970 births
2018 deaths
Suicides by jumping in the United States
Writers from New Jersey
Models from New Jersey
People from Orange, New Jersey
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule which is not translated into a protein. Less-used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA), non-messenger RNA (nmRNA) and functional RNA (fRNA). The term small RNA (sRNA) is often used for short bacterial ncRNAs. The DNA sequence from which a non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an 'RNA gene'.

Non-coding RNA genes include abundant and important RNAs such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA); also RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, and piRNAs and the long noncoding RNAs (long ncRNAs). The number of ncRNAs in the human genome is unknown. However recent studies suggest the existence of thousands of ncRNAs., but see  Since the function of newly identified ncRNAs has not been proved, it is possible that many are non-functional.

The first non-coding RNA to be analysed was an alanine tRNA found in baker's yeast. Its structure was published in 1965.

References 

RNA
City Montessori School is a private school in Lucknow, India. It was started in 1959 by Bharti Gandhi and Jagdish Gandhi. It had five pupils. It now has the most students of any school in the world. It has twenty campuses.

References

Buildings and structures in Uttar Pradesh
Schools in India
1959 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in India
Lucknow
WrestleMania X8 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on March 17, 2002 at the SkyDome in Toronto, Ontario. It was the eighteenth WrestleMania event held by the WWF and was the second WrestleMania to take place in Toronto with the first being WrestleMania VI in 1990. This was the final WrestleMania under WWF name.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official WrestleMania X8 website

2002 in professional wrestling
Sport in Toronto
WrestleMania
2002 in Canada
21st century in Toronto
The handicap principle was invented by Amotz Zahavi from Tel Aviv University. It claims to explain the fact that some animals have characteristics that do not necessarily help them survive. 

The peacock is an example. The peacock's tail is long and heavy and actually diminishes its chances of survival. The tail needs a great deal of energy to grow and maintain, it reduces the bird’s agility, and increases the animal’s visibility to predators. Yet, it has evolved. This shows that peacocks with longer tails have some advantage.
So why did it evolutionarily survive? According to the principle, one day, a mutant peahen that likes peacocks with longer tail, looked for a male with this characteristic. The mature male she found was strong enough to survive even though it had a long tail and therefore it is probably stronger than the average peacock. Therefore, its predecessor males are going to be stronger and also to have a long tail while the newborn females are going to like long tails, passing the ideals of the principle to the next generations.

This principle comes in addition to the well-known adaptation part of evolution theory claiming that the one who fits best to its environment survives.

Animal communication
Evolution
The flame-throated bulbul (Rubigula gularis) is a bird found in south western India. It eats fruit and insects, and lives in thick bushes and trees. It is a part of the bulbul family of birds and is yellow with a black head and red neck.

References

General references
 Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp Birds of India. 
 Rasmussen P.C., and J.C. Anderton 2005. Birds of South Asia. The Ripley guide. Volume 2: attributes and status. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Washington D.C. and Barcelona.

Birds of India
Passeri
Bulbuls are a family of birds living in Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia. They are passerine songbirds.  There are about 130 species in 24 genera.

Many live in forests: the greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, or bristlebills. Most African species are found in rainforests whilst in Asia they live in more open areas.

Related pages 
 Red-vented bulbul
 Flame-throated bulbul
 Red-whiskered bulbul

Passeri
The Wolseley Expedition was a military force put together to capture the Canadian Métis leader Louis Riel. It was led by Colonel Garnet Wolsely. The expedition took place in 1870 and went from Toronto to Winnipeg. Because of the fact that the expedition had to carry so much equipment and guns, the Wolsely Expedition is thought to be one of the most difficult in all of recent history.

1870
History of Canada
The Bert Diaries are a series of novels written in the form of a diary. They are by Swedish writers Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson. The main character is a teenager named Bert Ljung. Ljung lives in Öreskoga, a fictional town in Sweden, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The first book was published in 1987. Bert and his friends also have a pop/rock band, the Heman Hunters.

A TV series was made in 1994. It is directed by Tomas Alfredson and Svante Kettner. It was followed by a movie in 1995, also directed by Alfredson. In late-July 2016 the recording of a new Bert film was announced.

Between 1993 and 2002, and comic book, FF med Bert, was published Between 1992 and 1999, comic albums were published.

List of books
List of books

Old version
Berts dagbok (Bert's Diary) - 1987, new edition in 1993
Bert och brorsorna (Bert and the Brothers) - 1995
Bert och Boysen (Bert and the Boys) - 1996
Bert och bacillerna (Bert and the Coodies) - 1997
Berts första betraktelser (Bert's First Reflections) - 1990
Berts vidare betraktelser (Bert's Further Reflections) - 1991
Berts ytterligare betraktelser (Bert's Additional Reflections) - 1991
Berts bravader (Bert's Exploits) - 1991
Berts bekännelser (Bert's Confessions) - 1992
Bert och badbrudarna (Bert and the Bath Chicks) - 1993
Berts bekymmer (Bert's Worries) - 1994
Berts bryderier (Bert's Embarrassments) - 1995
Berts befrielse (Bert's Liberation) - 1996
Bert och beundrarinnorna (Bert and the Admirers) - 1997
Bert Babyface (Bert Babyface) - 1998
Berts bokslut (Bert's Closure) - 1999
New version
Bert och kalla kriget (Bert and the Cold War) - 2005
Bert och Heman Hunters (Bert and the Heman Hunters) - 2006
Bert + Samira = Sant? (Bert + Samira = True?) - 2007
Bert Badbojen (Bert the bath boy) - 2008
Bert och ryska invasionen (Bert and the Russian Invasion) - 2009
Bert och datadejten (Bert and the Computer Date) - 2010
Bert och friheten (Bert and Freedom) - 2011
Bert får scenskräck (Bert gets stage fright) - 2012
Bert och frestelsen (Bert and the temptation) - 2012
Berts fejsbok (Bert's Facebook) - 2013
Bert och skrynkliga tanten (Bert and the wrinkled lady) - 2014

References

Other websites
 De populära Bertböckerna! 
 Böckerna om Håkan Bråkan 

Swedish children's books
The Sune series is a series of children's/youth books by Swedish writers Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson. The books have been published since 1984. The stories are originally a radio series, produced as totally 90 episodes for Swedish radio between the years of 1983 and 1993. The Sune books are set in fictional town of Glimmerdagg in Sweden, which just like Berts hometown Öreskoga is located somewhere between Karlskoga-Örebro. There is Söderskolan, for the grades 1–6. The Sune books are told in the third person perspective and using the present tense and uses imperfect during flashback scenes, while Bert is told as a first person narrative.

Instead of being a typical "tough guy" who uses to fight or play soccer, Sune is more interested into girls.
Books
1984 – Sagan om Sune ("The Tale About Sune")
1985 – Sune börjar tvåan ("Sune Starts the Second Grade")
1986 – Självklart, Sune ("Of Course, Sune")
1989 – Sune och Svarta Mannen ("Sune and the Dark Man")
1989 – Tjejtjusaren Sune ("Sune, the Girl Charmer")
1991 – Duktigt, Sune! ("Well Done, Sune!")
1992 – Sunes jul ("Sune's Christmas")
1994 – Sunes sommar ("Sune's Summer")
1994 – Supersnuten Sune ("Sune, the Super Cop")
1995 – Sune älskar Sophie ("Sune Loves Sophie")
1996 – Sunes hjärnsläpp ("Sune's Brain Drop")
1997 – Sunes hemligheter ("Sune's Secrets")
1997 – Gult är fult, Sune ("Yellow is Ugly, Sune")
1998 – Plugghästen Sune ("Sune, the Swot")
1998 – Sune och familjen Anderssons sjuka jul ("Sune and the Andersson Family's Sick Christmas")
1999 – Sune och klantpappan ("Sune and the Clumsy Father")
2000 – Sunes största kärlekar ("Sune's Greatest Loves")
2001 – Släkten är värst, Sune ("Meet the Parents, Sune")
2002 – Sune och Mamma Mysko ("Sune and the Weird Mother")
2003 – Sune och Tant Tonåring ("Sune and the Teenage Lady")
2004 – Allt är guld, Sune ("Everything is Golden, Sune")
2005 – Sune och syster vampyr ("Sune and Sister Vampire")
2006 – Spik och panik Sune ("Nails and Panic, Sune")
2007 – Fy katten, Sune ("Red Cats, Sune")
2008 – Sunes tusen tjusarknep ("Sune's Thousand Charming Tricks")
2009 – Sune i Grekland ("Sune in Greece")
2010 – Skämtaren Sune ("Sune the Joker")
2011 – Sunes skolresa ("Sune's School Trip")
2012 – Sune och tjejhatarligan ("Sune and the Girl-Hating Gang")
2012 – Sune: the Superstar! ("Sune and the Girl-Hating Gang")
2013 – Sune och roboten Rudolf ("Sune and Rudolf, the Robot")
2014 – Sune på bilsemester ("Sune on car vacation")
2015 – Sune i fjällen ("Sune in the Scandinavian Mountains")
2015 – Sune i Ullared ("Sune in Ullared")
References

Other websites
 Böckerna om Sune 
 Känner du familjen Andersson? 

Swedish children's books
The Kane Chronicles are a series of fantasy novels by Rick Riordan. The characters are based on Egyptian mythology. The story is set in the same universe as Riordan's Percy Jackson & the Olympians, The Heroes of Olympus, The Trials of Apollo, and Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard series.

Characters

Carter Kane: One of the heroes of the series. Is one of the two most powerful magicians that ever lived. Sadie Kane's Brother, Amos Kane's nephew and Julius and Ruby Kane's son  
Sadie Kane: One of the heroes in the series. Carter Kane's sister, Amos Kane's niece and Julius and Ruby Kane's daughter. Is one of the two most powerful magicians that ever lived.  
Amos Kane: Magician of the House of Life. Julius Kane's brother and Carter and Sadie Kane's uncle.

Percy Jackson and the Olympians
Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais (11 December 1913 – 8 November 1998), known as Jean Marais (), was a French actor and director. Marais had over 100 roles in film and on television. He was also known for writing, painting and sculpture.

In the 1950s, Marais became a star of swashbuckling films. He performed his own stunts.  After 1970 he mostly worked in plays.

Other websites
 
 

1913 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
French LGBT people
French movie actors
French television actors
LGBT actors
Backlash (2008) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on April 27, 2008 at the 1st Mariner Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. It was the tenth Backlash event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Backlash 2008 website

2008 in professional wrestling
Sports in Baltimore
WWE Backlash
2008 in the United States
2000s in Baltimore
Jean-Paul Belmondo (9 April 1933 – 6 September 2021) was a French actor. He was popular during the New Wave of the 1960s.

Death
Belmondo died on 6 September 2021 at his home in Paris, aged 88.

Honors
Belmondo was a Commandeur of the Ordre national du Mérite  He was also Commandeur of the Légion d'honneur.

He received a Career Achievement award from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
2021 deaths
Actors from  Hauts-de-Seine
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
French voice actors
is a voice actress of anime characters. She is also an actress and a singer. She works for the Office Osawa talent agency. In Japan, she is known for voicing many anime characters.

, was released in 25 April 2012. It was her first single.

Other websites

References

Actors from Tokyo
1989 births
Japanese voice actors
Japanese singers
GD 61 is a white dwarf star. It is 150 light-years from Earth in the constellation Perseus.
 The star has a planetary system. It may once have been a main sequence star of spectral type A0V with around three times the mass of the Sun. It has aged and passed through a red giant phase. What was left is a dense hot remnant. This remnant has around 70% of the Sun's mass and a surface temperature of 17280 K. It is thought to be around 600 million years old. This age includes both its life as a main sequence star, and as a white dwarf stellar remnant. It has an apparent magnitude of 14.8. GD 61 was first noted as a potential degenerate star in 1965. This was done in a survey of white dwarf suspects by astronomers from the Lowell Observatory in Arizona.
Related pages
24 Themis, the first Solar System asteroid found to have liquid water

References

Stars
"Pilgrim of Eternity" is an episode of Star Trek that was created by fans. It was released in 2013. It is the first in a planned web series, Star Trek Continues. It is a sequel to the original series episode, "Who Mourns for Adonais?".

Cast
Vic Mignogna - Captain James T. Kirk
Todd Haberkorn - Mr. Spock
Larry Nemecek - Dr. McCoy
Grant Imahara - Mr. Sulu
Chris Doohan - Chief Engineer Montgomery Scott (Chris Doohan is the son of actor James Doohan. James first played Scott on TV.)
Wyatt Lenhart - Ensign Chekhov
Kim Stinger - Lieutenant Uhura
Michael Forest - Apollo, playing his role again from the original series episode
Michele Specht - Dr. Elise McKennah
Marina Sirtis - Computer (voice) (Sirtis acted in Star Trek: The Next Generation)
The crew of the U.S.S. Enterprise are looking into mysterious energy drains from power stations. They find an alien artifact, which begins to draw power from the ship. They destroy the artifact to save themselves, just after Spock (played by Todd Haberkorn) detects two life forms on it. The two forms then materialize on the bridge. one of them is the alien known in Earth's history as the Greek god Apollo (played by Michael Forest). The crew had met him only a couple of years earlier, but he has now aged. He says he was exposed to the energy draining properties of the Realm. This was the destroyed structure. It was built by his race to live in forever. It had malfunctioned and killed all the others of his race. He says he no longer wishes to have people worship him again. After a brief stay in the sick-bay, He starts to want people to idolize him for his singing and storytelling. Captain Kirk (played by Vic Mignogna) demands to speak with him about his behaviors
. Apollo uses his telekinetic powers on the captain and others to make them worship him. Meanwhile, the remains of the Realm are still causing difficulties. A crew member dies while he and Sulu (played by Grant Imahara of Mythbusters) are removing debris from the hull of the Enterprise.
Production
Unlike other Star Trek fan productions, "Pilgrim" had a lead crew made up of film industry professionals. The creators attempted to recreate the style of the original series, in its sets, cinematography, costumes, and acting and storytelling style. They duplicated the dramatic pauses as used in the original, prior to commercial breaks. They primarily used the original series' incidental music, as well as the original theme song and iconic credit typography. They filmed in 4:3 aspect ratio to duplicate the original series' TV format.

Actor Michael Forest, in his 80's during filming, was written into the story as having been artificially aged, as he was supposed to have last encountered the crew of the Enterprise only a few years prior, according to the original series timeline.

Original Series licensing rights
As with all such Star Trek fan productions, permission to use copyrighted and trademarked properties from the original series are allowed so long as the production is not-for-profit.
Release
The episode was first shown to the public at the Phoenix Comicon comic book convention on May 26, 2013, and was at the same time released onto the internet, on various streaming services.

Series
Funds for continuation of the series are being raised in part from a Kickstarter campaign, held from Oct 7, 2013 - Nov 6, 2013, which has raised the set goal of $100,000. A second episode in the series, to be directed by Chris White, was in production as of October 2013.

Notes

Other websites
Star Trek Continues website
Star Trek Continues at the Internet Movie Database
Star Trek Continues at Kickstarter
Farragut Films website  (production company for series)

Star Trek
2013 in entertainment
Charlyn Marie Marshall (better known by her stage identity Cat Power; 21 January, 1972) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She has been releasing albums since 1992. Her cover of "Sea of Love" is played in the 2007 movie Juno.

Her album Sun, released in 2012, is her best and highest-charting record as of 2013. 

She was born in Atlanta, and has lived in several other states.

References

American singer-songwriters
1972 births
Living people
Singers from Atlanta
An alternator is a generator which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. There is one in every car, with the exception of older cars that use a DC generator.

Most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. The armature reacts to the rotating field and carries the current caused by the rotation. 

In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines. 

An alternator that uses a permanent magnet for its magnetic field is called a magneto. Alternators in power stations driven by steam turbines are called turbo-alternators.

History
Alternating current generating systems were known from the discovery of the magnetic induction of electric current. The early machines were developed by pioneers such as Michael Faraday and Hippolyte Pixii.

Electricity
Machines
Capacitance is the ability of a body to store electric charge.  A common device to do such task is a capacitor. The SI unit for capacitance is farad.

Where Q is the charge in the object and V is voltage across that object.

Related pages
 Electricity
 Capacitor

Electricity
The Division of Cook is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was set up in 1969 and is named for James Cook, who mapped the east coast of Australia in 1770. It is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, including Caringbah, Cronulla, Miranda and Sylvania.

Members

In 2007 there were claims that the Liberal candidate Michael Towke had broken party rules and not told the truth about himself.  These claims were later found to be not true.  Towke lost his Liberal party position and was replaced with Scott Morrison, former director of the New South Wales Liberal Party. In 2013 Morrison became the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Cook - Australian Electoral Commission
 Scott Morrison's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1969 establishments in Australia
The Nieuport 11 is a French single-engine biplane fighter aircraft used during World War I that allowed France to defeat the German Fokker Eindeckers. 
It sometimes called "Bébé" (the French word for baby) due to its small size.
A more powerful version, the Nieuport 16 was also built, leading to a series of fighters that served into the 1920s.

Sources

French military aircraft
World War I aircraft
Columbia Business School (CBS) is a business school of Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1916. Its purpose is to provide training and professional preparation for undergraduate and graduate Columbia University students. It is one of six Ivy League business schools. Its admission process is among the most selective of top schools.

MS Programs
Columbia Business School offers three separate Master of Science degrees in Management Science & Engineering, Financial Economics and Marketing. Admission to the programs is extremely competitive: in 2011, there were 543 applicants to the Financial Economics program and only 10 students were accepted.

CIBE
The Certificate in Business Excellence (CIBE) is awarded to students who complete a total of 18 program days of executive education within a four-year period. Any executive education program at Columbia Business School can be applied toward the completion of the certificate.
Recipients of the CIBE are granted full alumni status with Columbia Business School, including the following alumni benefits:

People

Alumni
Columbia Business School has over 39,000 living alumni. Some of the more notable alumni include the following:
Erskine Bowles, MBA 1969, Former White House Chief of Staff; President of the University of North Carolina system
 Warren Buffett, MS 1951, Billionaire CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
 Penny Chenery, MBA, American sportswoman who bred and raced Secretariat, 1973 winner of the Triple Crown
 Alexander Haig, MBA 1955, United States Secretary of State
 Irving Kahn, MBA, oldest living active investment professional
 Frank Lautenberg, BS 1949, U.S. Senator from New Jersey
 Mauricio Macri, attended, incumbent Chief of Government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires
 Christopher O'Neill, MBA 2005, British-American businessman and husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden
 Washington SyCip, MBA 1943, founder of the Asian Institute of Management and Sycip Gorres Velayo & Co.
 Eudora Welty, MBA 1930–31, American author, winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1973; recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom

Sources

Columbia University
1916 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in New York (state)
Backlash (2007) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on April 29, 2007 at the Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the ninth Backlash event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Backlash 2007 website

2007 in professional wrestling
Sports in Atlanta
WWE Backlash
2000s in Atlanta, Georgia
2007 in Georgia (U.S. state)
The University of Nebraska–Lincoln (also called Nebraska, UNL or NU) it is a public university that also does research. It is located in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. UNL is the state's oldest and largest university campus. It is also the leading school in the University of Nebraska system.

Sources

Other websites

 
 Official athletics website
 University of Nebraska press

Colleges and universities in Nebraska
Lincoln, Nebraska
1869 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Nebraska
The Nilo-Saharan languages are a family of African languages. They are spoken by around 50 million people, who mainly live in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers. The languages go through 17 countries in the northern half of Africa:
from Algeria to Benin in the west
from Libya to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the center
from Egypt to Tanzania in the east

Other websites
Popular Overview of Nilo-Saharan

Languages of Africa
Languages by family
Herman Kahn (February 15, 1922 – July 7, 1983) was one of the preeminent futurists of the second half of the twentieth century. His theories helped to develop the nuclear strategy of the United States.

Career 
Kahn, a man of "captivating personality and large intellectual gifts", worked for the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, as a military strategist (19481958). He was a founder of the Hudson Institute think tank. This gives ideas and consultations for the U.S. government and military chiefs, and for business clients.

He was known for analyzing the likely consequences of nuclear war and recommending ways to improve survivability. His key idea was that the threat of nuclear war could be controlled by the use of carefully graded deterrence. In order to get his ideas across he ran two-day seminars which included role-playing in various scenarios. His ideas, when published in On Thermonuclear War, caused a sensation.
"At the minimum, an adequate deterrent for the United States must ... persuade [the Soviets] that, no matter how skillful or ingenious they were, an attack on the United States would lead to a very high risk if not certainty of large-scale destruction to Soviet civil society and military forces".

However, responses must be proportionate, because if one threatened all-out war as a response for some rather modest misbehaviour, then the threat was simply not believable, and would not work. The need to think things through in detail was the topic of his second book, Thinking about the Unthinkable.
Publications 
Works written by Kahn include:
1960. On thermonuclear war. Princeton University Press.  
1962. Thinking about the unthinkable. Horizon Press. 
1965. On escalation: metaphors and scenarios. Praeger.  
1967. The Year 2000: a framework for speculation on the next thirty-three years. MacMillan. . With Anthony Wiener.
1968 Can we win in Viet Nam?. Praeger. Kahn with four other authors: Gastil, Raymond D.; Pfaff, William; Stillman, Edmund; Armbruster, Frank E. 
1970. The Emerging Japanese Superstate: challenge and response. Prentice Hall. 
1971. The Japanese challenge: The success and failure of economic success. Morrow; Andre Deutsch. 
1972. Things to come: thinking about the seventies and eighties. Macmillan. . With B. Bruce-Briggs.
1973. Herman Kahnsciousness: the megaton ideas of the one-man think tank. New American Library. Selected and edited by Jerome Agel. 
1974. The future of the corporation. Mason & Lipscomb. 
1976. The next 200 Years: a scenario for America and the world. Morrow.
1979. World economic development: 1979 and beyond. William Morrow; Croom Helm. . With Hollender, Jeffrey, and Hollender, John A.
1981. Will she be right? The future of Australia. University of Queensland Press. . With Thomas Pepper.
1983. The Coming Boom: economic, political, and social. Simon & Schuster; Hutchinson. 
1984. Thinking about the unthinkable in the 1980s. New York: Simon and Schuster.
References 

1922 births
1983 deaths
American atheists
American Jews
American mathematicians
People from Bayonne, New Jersey
Backlash (2002) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 21, 2002 at the Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri. It was the fourth Backlash event held by the WWF.

This was the first time a WWF pay-per-view was held at Kemper Arena since WWF Over The Edge 1999 where Owen Hart, competing as the Blue Blazer at the time, lost his life after he fell 78 feet from a harness to the ring during an entrance stunt and landed chest-first on the top rope, approximately a foot from the nearest turnbuckle.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Backlash 2002 website

2002 in professional wrestling
Sports in Kansas City, Missouri
WWE Backlash
2002 in the United States
2000s in Missouri
History of Kansas City, Missouri
April 2002 events
Tamara Erin Klicman (or Tami Erin; July 8, 1974) is an American actress. She played the character of Pippi Longstocking in the 1988 movie The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking. She was born in the Chicago metropolitan area.

References

Other websites
 Official website of Tami Erin 
 

Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
1974 births
Living people
Anna Favella (September 21, 1983) is an Italian actress. She works in television and movies. She is known for roles in the TV series Terra ribelle and in the movie Mr. America.

Early life 
Anna Favella was born and raised in Rome.

Career 
Favella started acting when she was very young. Her first minor roles were in programs such as Enrico Mattei - L'uomo che guardava al future and Don Matteo 7. Her first major role was in a TV series called Terra Ribelle, where she played the role of the main character, Elena Marsili. In 2013, Favella was the main character in the movie Mr. America.

Filmography 

1983 births
Living people
Actors from Rome
Backlash (2001) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 29, 2001 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the third Backlash event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Backlash 2001 website

2001 in professional wrestling
WWE Backlash
2001 in American television
2000s in Illinois
Pekwachnamaykoskwaskwaypinwanik Lake is a fresh water lake in Manitoba, Canada. It is Cree for "where the wild trout are caught by fishing with hooks." It is the longest place name in Canada. It is located near Red Sucker Lake in northeastern Manitoba.

References

Lakes of Canada
Manitoba
Wimbledon High School is a private school for girls aged 4-18 in Wimbledon in South West London. It was started in 1880 by The Girls' Day School Trust.

References

Schools in London
1880 establishments in the United Kingdom

High schools in the United Kingdom
The Division of Cunningham is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It was set up in 1949 and is named for Allan Cunningham, a 19th century explorer of New South Wales and Queensland.

It is on the coast of New South Wales and includes parts of the city of Wollongong, Corrimal, Figtree and Unanderra. It also includes several suburbs of Sydney, including Heathcote and Bundeena.

Members

Rex Connor was the Minister for Minerals and Energy in the Whitlam government. Stephen Martin was Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1993-1996. Sharon Bird held several ministerial positions in the Gillard and Rudd governments.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Cunningham - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
Maltby Academy is a secondary school in Maltby, England. It started as Maltby Grammar School in 1931. In 1967 it became Maltby Comprehensive School. In 2010 it became an academy and changed its name to reflect this.

Schools in England
1931 establishments
Organisations based in South Yorkshire
1930s establishments in England
Yarm School is a private school in Yarm, England for girls and boys 3-18. It started as Yarm Grammar School in 1590.

Other websites
Official website

Schools in England
1590 establishments
North Yorkshire
1590s establishments in England
Backlash (2000) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 30, 2000 at the MCI Center in Washington, D.C.. It was the second Backlash event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Backlash 2000 website

2000 in professional wrestling
Sports in Washington, D.C.
WWE Backlash
2000 in the United States
20th century in Washington, D.C.
The Aircraft Apprentice Scheme was a training programme in the Royal Air Force. It lasted from 1920 to 1966. The training programme was for aircraft ground crew (those who servicing the aircraft on the ground, as opposed to the pilots).

The Apprentice Scheme was the result of the Royal Air Force's decision to open Schools of Technical Training. RAF Halton was chosen as the home for the training of men and boys. The School of Technical Training (for boys) was not formed as a separate unit until 1919 and only became a permanent establishment on 1 January 1920. In March of that year, RAF Halton was named No. 1 School of Technical Training. No. 2 School of Technical Training at RAF Cranwell was created because there was not enough accommodation to house the boys at RAF Halton.

Royal Air Force
1920 establishments in the United Kingdom
1966 disestablishments
1960s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Batman: Arkham Origins is an action-adventure video game made by Warner Bros. Games Montréal. It can be played on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii U, and Xbox 360. The game is based on the DC Comics superhero Batman and is the third in the Batman: Arkham series. It was released worldwide by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment on October 25, 2013.
Unlike previous Arkham games, Arkham Origins is not made by Rocksteady Studios. It is also written by Dooma Wendschuh and Corey May. The main story takes place five years before the events of 2009's Batman: Arkham Asylum. The game shows a younger and not entirely formed Batman who has a bounty placed on his head by crime lord Black Mask. This attracts eight of world's greatest assassins to Gotham City on Christmas Eve. While having to deal with the dirty members of the police department, other villains also attract Batman's attention. Like previous Arkham games, Arkham Origins is played from the third-person view. The game greatly focuses on Batman's combat and stealth abilities, detective skills, and use of gadgets. Arkham Origins is the first game in the series to have a multiplayer mode.
The game mainly got positive reviews. But people criticised it for copying things from previous Arkham games without improving them, or pointlessly changing it. A tie-in game titled Batman: Arkham Origins Blackgate was released along with Arkham Origins. Origins Blackgate is available for Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita. A mobile version of Arkham Origins was created for iOS and Android systems. The mobile version was made available for download in October 2013.

Notes

  In some European countries, the retail Microsoft Windows and Wii U versions will release on November 8, 2013.

References

Other websites
Official website 

2013 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Wii U games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Batman: Arkham
Video game prequels
Tauheed Epps (born September 12, 1977), known professionally as 2 Chainz (formerly Tity Boi), is an American rapper. He was born in College Park, Georgia. He is best known for his singles "Riot", "No Lie" (featuring Drake), "I'm Different" and "Birthday Song". He is also known for being half the duo of the rap duo Playaz Circle along with fellow rapper Dolla Boy. The duo was discovered by fellow rapper Ludacris who signed them to his record label DTP. 2 Chainz gained recognition as a solo artist when he was featured on Kanye West's 2012 single "Mercy" off his album Cruel Summer. He has seven studio albums including: Based On A True Story and B.O.A.T.S: Me Time.

References

Other websites
 
 

Rappers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Rappers from Atlanta
1977 births
Living people
Gangsta rappers
American chief executives
American composers
American people convicted of drug offenses
American songwriters
Businesspeople from Atlanta
Grammy Award winners
Pseudonyms
Trap musicians
The Division of Dobell is an Australian electoral Division in New South Wales.  It was set up in 1984 and is named for the Australian painter, Sir William Dobell. It is on the Central Coast and includes Bateau Bay, Berkeley Vale, Blue Haven, The Entrance, Gorokan, Jilliby, Ourimbah, Toukley, Tuggerah, Tumbi Umbi, Wamberal, Wyoming.

Members

Craig Thomson was arrested in 2013 and charged with 173 offences including fraud and theft. He resigned form the ALP and sat as an independent. He contested the 2013 election as an independent but only got 4% of the votes.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Dobell - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia
Nicholas Viscardi (October 20, 1920 – November 3, 2013), known professionally as Nick Cardy or Nick Cardi, was American comic book artist. He is best known for his DC Comics work on Aquaman, the Teen Titans and other major characters. Cardy was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2005.

Cardy was born on October 20, 1920 in New York City, New York. He studied at the Art Students League of New York, studying life drawing. Cardy was married to Ruth Houghby from 1947 until they divorced in 1969. They had one son. Cardy died on November 3, 2013 from heart failure at his Miami, Florida home, aged 93.

References

Other websites

The Official Nick Cardy Website.  from the original on September 9, 2010.

World Talk Radio: Audio interview with Nick Cardy 
Evanier, Mark. Transcript excerpt, 1998 Comic-Con International Nick Cardy panel, part 1, POV Online, column of March 2, 2001. .
Panel above, part 2. .
Where Monsters Dwell interview (mp3 audio)
1920 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American comics writers
American comics artists
Writers from New York City
Hal Brett Needham (March 6, 1931 – October 25, 2013) was an American stuntman, movie director, actor, and writer. He is known for directing the 1971 comedy movie Smokey and the Bandit and The Cannonball Run. Needham received the Taurus World Stunt Awards Lifetime Achievement Award. 

Needham was born on March 6, 1931 in Memphis, Tennessee. He was raised in Little Rock, Arkansas and in St. Louis, Missouri. 

Needham was married to Dani Crayne from 1981 until they divorced in 1996. Then he was married to Ellyn Wynne Williams from 1996 until his death in 2013. Needham died on October 25, 2013 from cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 82.

References

Other websites

Hollywood 'Stuntman!' Reveals Tricks Of Trade - NPR Interview
 Interview with Hal Needham from January 2007
1931 births
2013 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Stuntmen
Writers from Tennessee
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
Writers from Little Rock, Arkansas
Actors from Little Rock, Arkansas
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
Movie directors from Missouri
Juan Carlos Calabró (3 February 1934 – 5 November 2013) was an Argentine actor and comedian. He was known for his work Johnny Tolengo, el majestuoso.

Calabró was born on 3 February 1934 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Calabró died on 5 November 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina from kidney disease, aged 79.

References

Other websites

 
 Cine Nacional.com  

1934 births
2013 deaths
Argentine movie actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine comedians
Actors from Buenos Aires
Mr. Morgan's Last Love is an 2013 comedy-drama movie based on Francoise Dorner's French novel La Douceur Assassine. It is written and directed by Sandra Nettelbeck. It stars Michael Caine and Clémence Poésy. It was released to negative reviews on November 1, 2013.

2013 comedy-drama movies
German drama movies
Belgian movies
American comedy-drama movies
French comedy movies
French drama movies
Life of Pi is a 2012 American drama movie produced and directed by Ang Lee. It stars Suraj Sharma. It was released to very positive reviews on November 21, 2012. It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, including Best Picture - Drama and Best Director, and won for Best Original Score. At the 85th Academy Awards, it had 11 nominations, including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay, and won four (the most of the night), including Best Director for Ang Lee.

Release dates 

2012 drama movies
2012 adventure movies
American adventure movies
American drama movies
British adventure movies
British drama movies
Taiwanese movies
Canadian adventure movies
Canadian drama movies
Mexican adventure movies
Mexican drama movies
French adventure movies
French drama movies
English-language movies
Survival movies
Movies about tigers
Movies directed by Ang Lee
Judgment Day (2008) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on May 18, 2008 at the Qwest Center in Omaha, Nebraska. It was the tenth Judgment Day event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Judgment Day 2008 website

2008 in professional wrestling
Omaha, Nebraska
WWE Judgment Day
2008 in American television
2000s in Nebraska
The Division of Eden-Monaro is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for the town of Eden and the Monaro district of southern New South Wales. It includes Batemans Bay, Bega, Cooma and Queanbeyan. 

Since 1972 the Division has always been won the party that wins government in the elections. It is closely watched by the media when trying to pick the results of an election.

Members

Election results

The swings above are calculated from the results of the 2020 Eden-Monaro by-election.

References

Other websites
 Division of Eden-Monaro - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia

New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Graham William Stark (20 January 1922 – 29 October 2013) was an English comedian, actor, writer and director. He was known for his roles in Alfie and in Superman III. 

Stark was born on 20 January 1922 in Wallasey, Cheshire, England. He studied at Wallasey Grammar School. Stark began acting when he was 13 years old. 

Stark was also an accomplished stills photographer. Stark died in London on 29 October 2013 after suffering a stroke. He was 91.

References

Other websites
 

1922 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Cheshire
Deaths from stroke
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English radio actors
Writers from Cheshire
Hans von Borsody (20 September 1929 – 4 November 2013) was a German-Austrian actor. 

He was born in Vienna as a member of an artists family. His father Eduard von Borsody was a movie director, his uncle Julius von Borsody a set designer. His daughter Suzanne von Borsody is also an actress.

von Borsody died on 4 November 2013 in Berlin, Germany from lung cancer, aged 84.

Some movies

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Austrian movie actors
Austrian television actors
Austrian stage actors
German movie actors
German television actors
German stage actors
Actors from Vienna
The Division of Farrer is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was set up in 1949 and is named for William Farrer, an agricultural scientist. It is in the southern rural area of the state and includes Albury, Balranald, Broken Hill, Deniliquin and Jerilderie.

Members

It was held by three Cabinet ministers in succession, David Fairbairn, Wal Fife and Deputy Prime Minister Tim Fischer.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Farrer - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
Jorge Ramos Ávalos (born March 16, 1958) is a Mexican journalist for Univision. He is the anchor for Noticiero Univision and host of the Sunday morning news talk show Al Punto. Also, on Fusion TV, he hosts America with Jorge Ramos, which debuted on October 29, 2013.

Ramos was born on March 16, 1958 in Mexico City, Mexico. He studied at Universidad Iberoamericana. Ramos has won eight Emmy Awards throughout his career for journalism.

References

Other websites

Interview with the Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Ramos, July 11, 2010
"A View from Latin America" Interview by Hirsh Sawhney, The Brooklyn Rail (Summer 2004)

1958 births
Living people
Television news anchors
Mexican journalists
Writers from Mexico City
Emmy Award winners
Judgment Day (2007) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on May 20, 2007 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the ninth Judgment Day event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Judgment Day 2007 website

2007 in professional wrestling
Sports in St. Louis, Missouri
WWE Judgment Day
2007 in the United States
2000s in Missouri
History of St. Louis, Missouri
Christian [ kris-chuhn ] is a given name. Both men and women can be named "Christian". The name comes from the Latin word Christianus, meaning "follower of Christ". It has been commonly used as a name since the Middle Ages - especially amongst females.

The name is popular in Europe, United States and other English-speaking countries. In Europe — though not the United States — it is almost exclusively used as a male name. However, in the 17th and 18th centuries it was a popular female first name in Scotland.

Female variants of the name include Christine, Christina, Christiane, Kristen, Kristin, and Kirsten.  Holders of the name Christian may go by the nicknames or shortened forms Chris, Chrissy, Crix or Xian.