Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Other websites

 Constituency website of Theresa May MP
Profile  at the BBC 
Profile  at Parliament
 
 May talks to Women2Win  (July 2011)

1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Commonwealth Chairpersons-in-Office
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
English Anglicans
Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
People from Oxfordshire
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Francis Anthony Aylmer Maude (born 4 July 1953) is an English politician who served as Minister for the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General from 2010 to 2015. Maude was Member of Parliament (MP) for North Warwickshire from 1983 to 1992 and then for Horsham from 1997 to 2015. He was first elected in the 1983 general election for the North Warwickshire constituency but lost in 1992. He returned to parliament in the 1997 general election.

Maude was born in Abingdon-on-Thames, Berkshire. He is a member of the Conservative Party.

1953 births
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British lawyers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Berkshire
Jeremy Richard Streynsham Hunt MP (born November 1, 1966) is an English politician. He became the Chancellor of the Exchequer on 14 October 2022. He was born in Kennington, London. He is the Member of Parliament for South West Surrey. He was the Secretary of State for Health from 2012 - 2018. He was the longest-serving Health Secretary in British political history. 

He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Magdalen College, Oxford. He is a member of the Conservative Party.   He was first elected in the 2005 general election.  He was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010.

In July 2018 Hunt became the Foreign Secretary after Boris Johnson resigned from the government. 

On 24 May 2019, Hunt announced his campaign to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. On 20 June, Hunt and Boris Johnson became the final two candidates in the contest. He lost the election to Johnson on 22 July. He later quit as Foreign Secretary.
He was  Chair of the Health and Social Care Select Committee from 2020 to 2022,

In July 2022, Hunt announced his second candidacy for Conservative Party leader in the leadership race to replace Boris Johnson. He was eliminated from the election in the first round of voting on 13 July.

Political career

Conservative Party leadership candidate (2019) 
Main articleː 2019 Conservative Party leadership election
After Theresa May resigned as Prime Minister on the 24 May 2019, Hunt announced his campaign to become the next Leader of the Conservative Party.,  On 20 June 2019, he was named one of the final two candidates. Hunt was defeated by Boris Johnson after the Conservative Party's members voted in the final round. Hunt got 33.6% of the vote, and Johnson got 66.4% of the vote. Hunt was criticised when his campaign was given £10,000 by a close associate to Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. This criticism was because Mohammed bin Salman has been accused of human right violations. Following Boris Johnson's election as party leader, Hunt was offered the role of Secretary of State for Defence in Johnson's Cabinet, but decided to decline the offer.

Conservative Party leadership candidate (July–September 2022) 
Main articleː July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election
Following the resignation of Boris Johnson as Leader of the Conservative Party, Hunt announce he would be participating in the Conservative Party leadership election to replace Johnson as Leader. He criticised Johnson for investing in infrastructure instead of "wealth creation", and proposed policies including a moratorium on  taxes for businesses in underdeveloped areas for five years, and a cut to corporation tax to 15% instead of a proposed rise to 25%. He also said he would retain the rise in National Insurance rates, and would not cut income tax until he "[got] the economy growing". Hunt said Esther McVey would be Deputy Prime Minister if he were to become prime minister. He was removed in the first round of voting on 13 July, receiving 18 votes. He endorsed Rishi Sunak after being removed.

Notes

References
Notes

References

1966 births
Living people
Politicians from London
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Secretaries of State for Health and Social Care
Eric Jack Pickles (born 20 April 1952 in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England) is a British politician and was Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government. He is the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Brentwood and Ongar in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. 

He was first elected in the 1992 general election and entered the Shadow Cabinet in 2007. He was the Chairman of the Conservative Party from January 2009 to May 2010, when he was replaced by Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi and was appointed the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government instead. Pickles is standing down at the 2017 general election.

References

1952 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Yorkshire
Peter Michael Ainsworth (November 16, 1956 – April 6, 2021) was an English politician and was Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. He was the Member of Parliament for the East Surrey constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election, but decided not to stand for reelection in 2010.

He was a member of the Conservative Party.

Ainsworth died on April 6, 2021 at the age of 64.

References

1956 births
2021 deaths
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Christopher Stephen Grayling (born 1 April 1962) is an English politician and former Secretary of State for Transportation. He is the Member of Parliament for the Epsom and Ewell constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 2001 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

Privy Council
He was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 9 June 2010.

References 

1962 births
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Nicholas Le Quesne Herbert (born April 7, 1963) is an English politician and the Member of Parliament for the Arundel and South Downs constituency.  He was the current Shadow Justice Secretary, and is currently Minister of State for Police/Justice, with his time split between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice. He is . He was first elected in the 2005 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

References

1963 births
Living people

Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Theresa Anne Villiers (born March 5, 1968) is an English politician. In July 2019, she became Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs for the Boris Johnson ministry. She stopped doing this job in 2020. She was first elected in the 2005 general election. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chipping Barnet and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Villiers was the Minister of State for Transport from 2010 to 2012.

She was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 9 June 2010. 

She is a member of the Conservative Party.

References

1968 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
MEPs for the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland
Andrew David Lansley (born 11 December 1956 in Hornchurch, Essex, England) is a British politician who was the Secretary of State for Health in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government from 2010 - 2012. He was the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the South Cambridgeshire constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first elected as an MP in the 1997 general election. He stepped down at the 2015 general election. 

He was made a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010.

References

1956 births
Living people
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English Anglicans
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Essex
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
United Kingdom Life Peers
Secretaries of State for Health and Social Care
David Linsay Willetts (born 9 March 1956) is an English politician. He was born in Birmingham. He is the current Minister of State for Universities and Science in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. He is the Member of Parliament for the Havant constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party.

1956 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Birmingham
Michael Andrew Gove (born 26 August 1967) is an British politician who is currently Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities since 25 October 2022. In July 2019, he became the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster for the Boris Johnson administration. In February 2020, he became the Minister for the Cabinet Office.

Career
He was the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2017 to 2019 for the Theresa May ministry. He was the Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, and was the Secretary of State for Education from 12 May 2010 to 15 July 2014. He is the Member of Parliament for the Surrey Heath constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 2005 general election.

He is a member of the Conservative Party. He was one of the candidates in the 2016 Conservative leadership election. After becoming Prime Minister, Theresa May fired Gove from the Cabinet. However, in 2017 she brought him back and made him the Environment Secretary.
He grew up in Aberdeen. He studied English at Lady Margaret Hall at Oxford University. Gove is married to Sarah Vine, a writer for The Times. They have a daughter and son. He belongs to the Church of England

On 26 May 2019, Gove announced his campaign to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. He narrowly lost in third place on the fifth ballot and was eliminated on 20 June.

In July 2022, Gove was fired from the Johnson cabinet by Prime Minister Boris Johnson after Gove told him it would be best for Johnson to resign as Prime Minister.

Personal life
Gove is a Queens Park Rangers F.C supporter.

Bibliography 
 Michael Portillo: The Future of the Right (1995) 
 The Price of Peace (2000) 
 A Blue Tomorrow – New Visions for Modern Conservatives (2001) (ed. with Edward Vaizey and Nicholas Boles) 
 Celsius 7/7 (2006)

References

Notes
References

Notes

1967 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
BBC newsreaders and journalists
British adoptees
British Anglicans
British columnists
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Aberdeen
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Scottish Christians
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Liam Fox (born 22 September 1961 in East Kilbride, Scotland) is a British politician who was the Defence Secretary in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Woodspring constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, and since 2010 has represented North Somerset.

Liam Fox studied at the University of Glasgow and became a Conservative Party MP at the 1992 General Election. He served in the shadow cabinet from 1999 to 2010 and became Shadow Defence Secretary in December 2005. In 2005, he tried to become leader of the Conservative Party and lost to David Cameron. Fox stood for leader again in 2016, and lost to Theresa May, who became Prime Minister on 13 July 2016. 

May appointed Fox as the first Secretary of State for International Trade in July 2016.

In September 2017, Fox accused the EU of trying to blackmail UK over Brexit deal.

References
References 

1961 births
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Politicians from South Lanarkshire
A missionary is a person who tries to convert people to his own faith. In Christianity, this is called evangelism. Missionaries are usually sent from churches or worship places of the religion. They can also do other things, such as deliver medicines and cure diseases. Most major religions of the world have missionaries. 

Some famous Christian missionaries are:

St. Paul
Thomas the Apostle
Saint Patrick
Saints Cyril and Methodius
Francis Xavier
Johnny Appleseed 
George Muller
John Wesley
Charles Wesley, brother of John
George Whitefield
David Livingstone
Hudson Taylor
Florence Nightingale
Sadhu Sundar Singh
Albert Schweitzer
Gladys Aylward
Mother Teresa

Related pages
Evangelism
Religious conversion

Other websites 
Missionaries.org 

 
Christian religious occupations
A partnership is when two or more people work together to complete a task. Those people are partners. Partner may share a business together for the profit of each other. If one business partner ends up making money they both share the profit. Some partners are not individuals but corporations or other groups.

Partnerships may be temporary, e.g. dancing partners (two people who dance together) or partners at a card games such as bridge in which partners work together against the other partners (their opponents).

A partner may also be somebody who lives with another person, e.g. a husband or wife (marriage partners), or a very good friend who shares his or her life with the other person. The word partner in this sense is used a lot in modern times because it does not discriminate between married or unmarried couples.

Business organizations
Relationships
Ruth Bell Graham (June 10, 1920 – June 14, 2007) was the wife of evangelist Billy Graham. She was born at Qingjiang, Kiangsu, China as Ruth McCue Bell, the second of five children. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. L. Nelson Bell, were medical missionaries at the Presbyterian Hospital 300 miles north of Shanghai.

Other websites

Official website on BillyGraham.org 

1920 births
2007 deaths
American painters
American philanthropists
American poets
American Presbyterians
Deaths from pneumonia
Writers from North Carolina
Patrick Star is a fictional character in the Nickelodeon animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. Bill Fagerbakke plays him. Patrick first appeared in the series' pilot episode, "Help Wanted", which played on May 1, 1999. Patrick was made by animator Stephen Hillenburg. Patrick's biggest character trait is his lack of common sense, which sometimes makes him a bad influence on his best friend, SpongeBob SquarePants.
Patrick is as a pink starfish who is silly, fat, lazy, immature, forgetful, rude, and generally ignorant. He has been shown to make many silly mistakes such as forgetting how to eat, and not realizing that the character Sandy Cheeks is a girl. But, he sometimes is shown to overly observe particular events happening around him. At those moments, he would focus on very specific objects or details that other characters would usually ignore. However, he always quickly turns back to his usual, silly self after. He does not have a job. But, he worked at the Krusty Krab for short periods of time in many positions (often was not paid), and mostly spends his days either goofing off with SpongeBob or resting beneath the rock. He lives under the rock. At home, Patrick is usually either sleeping (stuck to the bottom of his rock), watching TV (whether the TV is actually on or not), or doing the "art of doing nothing." He is very good at that
. All of the furniture under his rock are made of sand, and Patrick can simply build new furniture as needed. But even so, his living space contains only the most basic things. His best friend SpongeBob is often impressed by Patrick's ability to come up with silly yet genius plans or solutions. But, Patrick often irritates those around him and is confused by the simplest questions or subjects. The characters of Mr. Krabs and Squidward Tentacles have no patience for Patrick's stupidity. They don't pay him much regard. Sandy Cheeks often gets annoyed by Patrick, but still sees him as a friend.
Development
SpongeBob SquarePants maker Stephen Hillenburg began making cartoons and caricatures of tide pool-dwelling sea life, including starfish, while teaching marine biology at the Orange County Marine Institute in Dana Point, California, from 1984 to 1987. In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute. This is so he could become an animator. Patrick Star is voiced by Bill Fagerbakke.

Reception

Criticism and controversy
In 2005, a video that involves SpongeBob promoting diversity and tolerance was criticized by a Christian evangelical group in the United States because they saw the character was being used for homosexual people, but the video had "no reference to sex, sexual lifestyle or sexual identity."
This made questions about whether or not SpongeBob, his best friend Patrick, and the rest of the series' characters are homosexual characters. In 2002, Hillenburg said that his characters were not gay. He clarified the issue and said "We never made them gay on purpose. I think they are almost asexual. We are just trying to be funny and this has got nothing to do with the show."

Jeffrey P. Dennis, writer of the journal article "The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons," argued that SpongeBob and Sandy are not in love, while adding that he believed that SpongeBob and Patrick "are paired with arguably big intensity." Dennis noted the two are "not thought of as romantic partners," since they live in separate places, and have different groups of friends, but claimed that in the series, "the possibility of same-sex desire is never excluded."  Martin Goodman of Animation World Magazine described Dennis's comments regarding SpongeBob and Patrick as "interesting."

Notes
Notes

References

Other websites
 

Fictional characters introduced in 1999
SpongeBob SquarePants characters
Anthromophic characters
Television characters
Sir Nicholas William Peter "Nick" Clegg (born 7 January 1967) is a British politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government and was also the leader of the Liberal Democrats. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Sheffield Hallam.

Nick Clegg was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 to 2004 and was first elected as a Liberal Democrat MP in the 2005 general election. He became the leader of the Liberal Democrats in December 2007. Following the 2010 General Election, he was made Deputy Prime Minister after a coalition deal with the Conservative Party. He resigned as party leader in 2015 after the May 2015 election because of the party's poor election results.

Personal life 

Clegg has been married to Miriam González Durántez since 2000; they have three sons. Durantez is a Spanish Roman Catholic. Their children are being raised as Catholics, even though Clegg is an atheist.
Clegg's family has many foreign members- his grandmother on his father's side was a Russian Baroness before the Russian Revolution, with German and Ukrainian ancestors, while Clegg's Dutch mother was imprisoned by the Japanese in World War II. Clegg is multilingual (he speaks Dutch, English, French, German and Spanish fluently). He says that his family's experience of persecution is one of the reasons he is liberal.

Before becoming a politician 

Clegg was born in Buckinghamshire. He went to Caldicott primary school and Westminster secondary school. He spent a gap year working as a skiing instructor in Austria before starting university at Robinson College, Cambridge, where he studied Anthropology.
After his degree, he was given a scholarship to study for a Master's degree at the University of Minnesota. He then worked as an intern for Christopher Hitchens in New York for a while before going to Brussels to work for the European Union as a trainee aid organiser. He then studied for a second Master's at the College of Europe in Bruges where he met Durantez.

From 1994 to 1998, he worked at the European Commission, where he developed aid programmes to the former Soviet Union and helped the World Trade Organisation to negotiate the entries of Russia and China.

As an MEP 

In 1999, Clegg was elected as the Member of the European Parliament for the East Midlands. As an MEP, he helped to start a campaign for greater accountability in the European Parliament.

In 2004, he left the Parliament in order to campaign for the Sheffield Hallam constituency seat in the 2005 General Election. During the campaign, he worked as a part-time lecturer at the University of Sheffield.

As an MP
As an MP 

Clegg won the 2005 election, and became the Member of Parliament for Sheffield Hallam in May 2005. As an MP, he campaigned to change the prison and immigration systems, and to make sure that the government did not take away too much freedom from people in their work against terrorism. He said that the Iraq War was wrong.

In 2007, he was voted as leader of the Liberal Democrats, and in 2008 he joined the Privy Council, a group of advisors to the British Monarch. .

As leader of the Liberal Democrats, Clegg's main policies have been to get rid of the Trident missile system, to give NHS patients the choice of private medical care, to make the length of time between elections 5 years (at the moment it only has a 5-year limit, meaning that the government can begin a new election at any time), giving more power to local government, tax cuts for the poor and for the government to do more about the environment.
In May 2009, the Liberal Democrats' approval ratings were higher than the Labour Party's for the first time since 1987.

Clegg lost his seat in the 2017 general election.

As Deputy Prime Minister 

In May 2010, the UK had a General Election which did not produce a clear winner. David Cameron, leader of the Conservative Party, who had got the most votes, asked to form a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats. Clegg accepted, and became Deputy Prime Minister.

In July 2010, he revealed plans to have 50 fewer MPs in Parliament, to change the number of MPs needed to begin a new election without the agreement of the Prime Minister to 65% and to hold a referendum on whether or not to change the system of voting in General Elections.

After the government revealed plans to drastically cut government spending, Liberal Democrat approval ratings dropped to 14%, almost half the 34% rating that was recorded in April 2010.

Related pages
Ukrainian diaspora in the United Kingdom

References
References 

1967 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Deputy Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Leaders of the Liberal Democrats (UK)
MEPs for the United Kingdom
People educated at Westminster School, London
Politicians from Buckinghamshire
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
Magnús Eiríksson (born 22 June, 1806 in Skinnalón, Iceland; died 3 July, 1881 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was an Icelandic theologian. He lived in Copenhagen at the same time as Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and Hans Lassen Martensen (1808-1884) and viewed their opinions on religion and Christianity with a critical eye.

Magnús Eiríksson was a Lutheran who developed a Unitarian conviction.
Works
Here are some works by Eiríksson, with the Danish title on the right:
 On Baptists and Infant Baptism (Om Baptister og Barnedaab), Copenhagen 1844.
 Faith, Superstition and Unbelief (Tro, Overtro og Vantro), Copenhagen 1846.
 Dr. Martensen’s Printed Moral Paragraphs (Dr. Martensens trykte moralske Paragrapher), Copenhagen 1846.
 Speculative Orthodoxy (Speculativ Rettroenhed), Copenhagen 1849.
 [Theophilus Nicolaus], Is Faith a Paradox and ‘by Virtue of the Absurd’? (Er Troen et Paradox og “i Kraft af det Absurde”? ), Copenhagen 1850.
 About the Gospel of John (Om Johannes-Evangeliet), Copenhagen 1863.
 Paul and Christ (Paulus og Christus), Copenhagen 1871.
 Jews and Christians (Jøder og Christne), Copenhagen 1873.

1806 births
1881 deaths
Christian theologians
Magnus Eiriksson
Lutherans
Unitarians
John Wark (born Glasgow, 4 August 1957) is a former Scottish footballer. He used to play football for Ipswich Town F.C. and Liverpool F.C..

References

1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Nusa Penida is an island to the southeast of Bali, Indonesia. The island is a subdistrict of the Klungkung regency. There are two small islands nearby: Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. The Badung Strait separates the island from Bali while the Lombok Strait separates it from Lombok.
Diving is very popular around the island and there are many Macaques living on the island.

Bali
Islands of Indonesia
Dungeons & Dragons is a paper-and-pencil roleplaying game. Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson created Dungeons and Dragons in the year 1974.

Many people today think that role-playing games (RPGs) are only played on a computer, but that is not true. From the early 1970s, role-playing games have been played by people sitting together at the same table, using their imaginations and the written rules of the game to play (as well as dice to generate random numbers when needed). 

Players of this type of role-playing game play as imaginary characters that go on heroic adventures. The characters can be many types: a strong warrior, a wise wizard, a skilled thief. One person in the group acts as a moderator, or referee (called the "dungeon master," or DM, in Dungeons and Dragons and "game master", or GM, in other games), of the game. This person is responsible for making sure there is a fair use of the rules and is often also in charge of designing fun, interesting adventures for the other players.
There are now many types of fantasy role-playing games, both traditional paper-and-pencil games and computer games. Many genres of games are played (fantasy, science fiction, horror, war, and so on), and there are hundreds of companies that produce their own written rules systems and software products.

Versions of Dungeons and Dragons 
Several versions of Dungeons and Dragons have been released. The first version was just called "Dungeons & Dragons." Several rule books were available, depending on the levels of the characters. The first books dealt with characters from levels 1-3. As characters got stronger, players had to move to the more advanced rule books to manage their characters.

After Dungeons and Dragons came Advanced Dungeons and Dragons. This was a new ruleset that was unrelated to the original rules. A second edition of AD&D was released, which is still popular today.
After Wizards of the Coast bought the rights to Dungeons and Dragons, a more streamlined version of the game was released, called Dungeons and Dragons 3rd Edition. This version had simpler rules. Most die-rolls were done with a 20 sided die, instead of different types of multi-sided dice. 

The 3rd edition rules were eventually revised, and version 3.5 was released. 

The 4th edition rules were published in June 2008. 

The 5th edition rules were published, after a two year testing period, in late 2014.

Playing Dungeons and Dragons 

Before playing the game, each player makes their character and writes the details on a "character sheet." First, players make their character's six statistics called "ability scores": Strength (How strong you are), Dexterity (How skilled and fast you are), Constitution (How tough you are), Intelligence (How smart you are), Wisdom (How well you use your smarts), and Charisma (How well you control and influence people). Each version has different methods to make the stats.
Each player then selects a race (species) such as human or elf, as well as a class (job or occupation) such as Fighter or Wizard, and their alignment (Their moral and ethical views). Players also invest in a number of skills, feats and powers to make their characters stronger and better. Adding details not covered by the rules like history and personality are used often to develop the character.

While playing Dungeons and Dragons, the players detail the actions of their characters to the referree, such as hitting an enemy or hiding from the guards, or talking to another character. The referee describes the results of the characters' actions or answers the players. Actions that are really easy will always work, like when opening an unlocked door or picking up an apple. The results of hard actions are decided by rolling dice.
As the game is played, the characters grow and increase in power. Characters may gain experience, skills, wealth. The main way that characters gain experience is through defeating powerful enemies or doing an important or hard work. Getting enough experience allows a character to get a level, getting more job abilities, skills, and powers.

Hit points (HP) measure a character's health. When a character is harmed, they lose hit points. When a character loses all of their hit points, they die. To avoid being harmed, most characters can wear armor of different types. You might also use "Saving Throws" against indirect harm, such as poison, or magical effects.

The story is a combined effort of everyone who plays. It can either be a story someone has made up. So can the setting (Where the adventure takes place). There are also books that give all that information as well.

References 

Role-playing games
Sakoku (Japanese: 鎖国, literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country") was the foreign policy of Japan under which no foreigner or Japanese could enter or leave the country on penalty of death. The policy was enacted by the Tokugawa Shogunate under Tokugawa Iemitsu through a number of edicts and policies from 1633-1639 and remained in effect until 1854 with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and the opening of Japan. It was still illegal to leave Japan until the Meiji Restoration (1868).

But Japan was not completely isolated under the sakoku policy. Rather, it was a system in which strict regulations were applied to commerce and foreign relations by the shogunate.
End of seclusion 
On July 8, 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy with four warships demanded that Japan open to trade with the West. 
The following year 1854, Perry returned with seven ships and forced the Shogun to sign the "Treaty of Peace and Amity", establishing formal diplomatic relations between Japan and the United States.

References 

 Hall, John Wesley. (1955) Tanuma Okitsugu: Foreruner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.....

Other websites 
 Numismatist in Commodore Perry's fleet (1853-54) 

History of Japan
Borneo is the third largest island in the world. It is in the center of maritime southeast Asia. This island is part of three different countries. Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei each have part of Borneo. Indonesia's region is called "Kalimantan" (although Indonesians use this word for the whole island). Malaysia's region of Borneo is called East Malaysia or Malaysian Borneo. The independent nation of Brunei is a small part of the island. Borneo has a rainforest that is in danger because it is valuable. Lumber companies cut trees here illegally.

Geography 
Borneo is surrounded by the South China Sea to the north and northwest, the Sulu Sea to the northeast, the Celebes Sea and the Makassar Strait to the east, and the Java Sea and Karimata Strait to the south. It has an area of 743,330 km² (287,000 square miles). Borneo is home to a few of the oldest rainforests in the world.
Wildlife
Borneo is home to a vast array of wildlife, including the endangered orangutan, as well as other animals such as monkeys, elephants, snakes, parrots, clouded leopards, hornbills, tarsiers and deer.

Islands of Malaysia
Islands of Brunei
Islands of Indonesia
Greater Sunda Islands

Population

The country will have a population of 24 million by 2040 if it grows at the current rate.
This is a list of islands in the world ordered by area. It includes all islands with an area greater than 250,000 km² (96,526 square miles). Although an island is, in general, any land mass that is completely surrounded by water, some definitions exclude land masses large enough to be considered continents. Placing Australia in the latter category (even though arguments can be made whether it is technically a continent, or merely part of the larger continent called Australasia) makes Greenland the largest island. For the sake of classification the list of islands will begin with Greenland.

References 

Area
Baffin Island () is an island in the territory of Nunavut. It is the largest member of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is the largest island in Canada and the fifth largest island in the world, with an area of 507,451 km² (195,928 sq mi). It has a population of 11,000 people as of the year 2007. It is named after the British explorer William Baffin. The island was known to the Norse as Helluland.

Islands of Canada
Nunavut
Arctic islands
A substitution cipher is a form of cryptography.  

In a substitution cipher, a rule is used to change each letter of the message, one at a time.  The rule says to replace (or "substitute") each letter with another letter from the alphabet.  

For instance, this table gives a rule for a substitution cipher:

Using this rule, the sentence "Jack and Jill went up the hill" is changed to "Etar tzn Evmm gkzc dw cuk uvmm".  The Caesar cipher is one example of a substitution cipher.
Substitution ciphers are not safe enough to use for important messages.  Substitution ciphers can be broken by an idea called frequency analysis.  Some letters are more common than others in English sentences: E is the most common, then T, then A, and so on.  A message that has been changed by a substitution cipher will have different common letters, but this gives a hint about the rule.  The most common letters in the changed message are likely to be the most common letters in English. Breaking cryptograms (messages hidden with a substitution cipher) is a common puzzle often found in newspapers.

In past centuries substitution ciphers were sometimes strengthened by combining them in superencryption with transposition ciphers. Improvements in cryptanalysis caused this method to be abandoned in the early 20th century.

Example 

Suppose the changed message is:
LIVITCSWPIYVEWHEVSRIQMXLEYVEOIEWHRXEXIPFEMVEWHKVSTYLXZIXLIKIIXPIJVSZEYPERRGERIM
 WQLMGLMXQERIWGPSRIHMXQEREKIETXMJTPRGEVEKEITREWHEXXLEXXMZITWAWSQWXSWEXTVEPMRXRSJ
 GSTVRIEYVIEXCVMUIMWERGMIWXMJMGCSMWXSJOMIQXLIVIQIVIXQSVSTWHKPEGARCSXRWIEVSWIIBXV
 IZMXFSJXLIKEGAEWHEPSWYSWIWIEVXLISXLIVXLIRGEPIRQIVIIBGIIHMWYPFLEVHEWHYPSRRFQMXLE
 PPXLIECCIEVEWGISJKTVWMRLIHYSPHXLIQIMYLXSJXLIMWRIGXQEROIVFVIZEVAEKPIEWHXEAMWYEPP
 XLMWYRMWXSGSWRMHIVEXMSWMGSTPHLEVHPFKPEZINTCMXIVJSVLMRSCMWMSWVIRCIGXMWYMXXLIYSPH
 KTY
For this example, capital letters are used for unknown letters, and lowercase letters are used to denote letters we know or can guess.  

By counting up the letters, we see that the most common is I, which we will guess is an e.  X is also quite common, and XLI is found many times; we guess that this is the, the most common three-letter group in English.

E is the second most common letter.  We already have a guess for e and t, so we guess that E is a.  We now have:
heVeTCSWPeYVaWHaVSReQMthaYVaOeaWHRtatePFaMVaWHKVSTYhtZetheKeetPeJVSZaYPaRRGaReM
 WQhMGhMtQaReWGPSReHMtQaRaKeaTtMJTPRGaVaKaeTRaWHatthattMZeTWAWSQWtSWatTVaPMRtRSJ
 GSTVReaYVeatCVMUeMWaRGMeWtMJMGCSMWtSJOMeQtheVeQeVetQSVSTWHKPaGARCStRWeaVSWeeBtV
 eZMtFSJtheKaGAaWHaPSWYSWeWeaVtheStheVtheRGaPeRQeVeeBGeeHMWYPFhaVHaWHYPSRRFQMtha
 PPtheaCCeaVaWGeSJKTVWMRheHYSPHtheQeMYhtSJtheMWReGtQaROeVFVeZaVAaKPeaWHtaAMWYaPP
 thMWYRMWtSGSWRMHeVatMSWMGSTPHhaVHPFKPaZeNTCMteVJSVhMRSCMWMSWVeRCeGtMWYMttheYSPH
 KTY

We can now make some more guesses: heVe may be here; Rtate may be state, and atthattMZe could be atthattime.  Filling in these guesses, we get:
hereTCSWPeYraWHarSseQithaYraOeaWHstatePFairaWHKrSTYhtmetheKeetPeJrSmaYPassGasei
 WQhiGhitQaseWGPSseHitQasaKeaTtiJTPsGaraKaeTsaWHatthattimeTWAWSQWtSWatTraPistsSJ
 GSTrseaYreatCriUeiWasGieWtiJiGCSiWtSJOieQthereQeretQSrSTWHKPaGAsCStsWearSWeeBtr
 emitFSJtheKaGAaWHaPSWYSWeWeartheStherthesGaPesQereeBGeeHiWYPFharHaWHYPSssFQitha
 PPtheaCCearaWGeSJKTrWisheHYSPHtheQeiYhtSJtheiWseGtQasOerFremarAaKPeaWHtaAiWYaPP
 thiWYsiWtSGSWsiHeratiSWiGSTPHharHPFKPameNTCiterJSrhisSCiWiSWresCeGtiWYittheYSPH
 KTY

This lets us make more guesses, which lead to more, until we have guessed everything:
hereuponlegrandarosewithagraveandstatelyairandbroughtmethebeetlefromaglasscasei
 nwhichitwasencloseditwasabeautifulscarabaeusandatthattimeunknowntonaturalistsof
 courseagreatprizeinascientificpointofviewthereweretworoundblackspotsnearoneextr
 emityofthebackandalongoneneartheotherthescaleswereexceedinglyhardandglossywitha
 lltheappearanceofburnishedgoldtheweightoftheinsectwasveryremarkableandtakingall
 thingsintoconsiderationicouldhardlyblamejupiterforhisopinionrespectingitthegold
 bug

At this point, we can insert spaces and punctuation:
Here upon le grand arose with a grave and stately air and brought me the beetlefrom a glass case in which it was enclosed.  It was a beautiful scarabaeus andat that time unknown to naturalists of course; a great prize in a scientificpoint of view.  There were two round black spots near one extremity of the backand a long one near the other.  The scales were exceedingly hard and glossy withall the appearance of burnished gold.  The weight of the insect was veryremarkable and taking all things into consideration I could hardly blame jupiterfor his opinion respecting it. (The Gold-Bug)

If we had made a wrong guess, we would have found out at some point, and could go back and make a new guess.

Cryptography
Kenneth J. Spreitzer wrote the original PC program called "UnInstaller". It was first licensed to MicroHelp and now (Feb 1998) sold by CyberMedia.  After writing the program, Mr. Spreitzer went on to found Maximized Software.

Mr. Spreitzer is a graduate of the University of California, Irvine in the Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences. He was also the radio personality "Captain Sensible" as heard on KUCI.

References

Other websites 
 Maximized Software

1965 births
Living people

American computer scientists

pt:Instalação (computação)#Desinstalador
Brandy and Mr. Whiskers is an American animated television series from Disney Channel. It is about a female dog named Brandy and a rabbit named Mr. Whiskers. They both get stuck in the Amazon Rainforest together and have to work together to survive.

Characters 
 Brandy Harrington - Kaley Cuoco
 Mr. Whiskers - Charlie Adler and Billy West
 Cheryl and Meryl - Sherri Shepherd
 Ed - Tom Kenny
 Lola Boa - Alanna Ubach
 Margo - Jennifer Hale
 Gaspar Le Gecko - Andre Sogliuzzo and Billy West

Episodes

References

Other websites

2004 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American animated television series
Television shows about rabbits and hares
Television series by Disney
Television series by Buena Vista Television
Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (born January 17, 1982) is an American basketball player. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. His parents divorced a short time after he was born. He attended college at Marquette University on a scholarship. He was on scholarship for basketball but he did not play his first year because of academic problems. The next year he started on Marquette and led them to a good season. The year after that he led the Marquette Golden Eagles to the Final Four in the NCAA tournament.

Wade went on to the NBA and was selected as the 5th pick overall in the NBA draft by the Miami Heat. He had a good rookie season in the NBA, averaging 15 points per game and 6 assists per game. He soon became a superstar and led the Heat to an NBA championship in 2006. Wade was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the 2006 NBA Finals, in which the Heat beat the Dallas Mavericks.

References

Other websites 

Dwyanewade.com
NBA profile
1982 births
Living people
American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Miami Heat players
Sportspeople from Chicago
The Himalayan wolf is a proposed clade within the Tibetan wolf (Canis lupus filchneri) subspecies. Its mitochondrial DNA is basal to all other wolves including other Tibetan wolves. The taxonomic status of this wolf clade was disputed: the separate species Canis himalayensis was proposed, based on two limited DNA studies.

References

Wolves
Mammals of Pakistan
Plants and animals of Kashmir
Angelroda is a former municipality of the district Ilm-Kreis Rural District, in Thuringia, Germany. On 31 December 2019, it became part of the municipality Martinroda.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Thuringia
Villages in Germany
Elgersburg is a municipality in the Ilm-Kreis Rural District, in Thuringia, Germany.

References

Other websites
Hull, Florida is an unincorporated community in Southwest DeSoto County, Florida. About 150 people live there.

Hull had a creosote tie treating plant for the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railroad. The railroad was bought by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad in the 1920s.  The Seaboard Railroad kept using the creosote plant through the 1950s.  In the late 1920s, Hull became the junction of a new line of the SAL to Fort Myers and Naples.  Passenger service was done on the branch.  This line was stopped in 1953.

Unincorporated communities in Florida
Seii (;  1326 – c. 1354) was the 2nd king of the Okinawan kingdom of Chūzan. He ruled after his father, Tamagusuku, in 1336, when he was only ten years old.

Kings and queens
1326 births
1354 deaths
People from Okinawa Prefecture
Cecil Rhodes (5 July 1853 - 26 March 1902) was an English-born South African businessman and politician. He was the son of an Anglican vicar. He came from an English grammar school and at the age of 16 was sent to the British colony of Natal in South Africa due to poor health. There he became involved in diamond mining and founded the world-renowned De Beers diamond company. 

He later returned to England briefly to study at Oriel College, Oxford. He was the starter of Rhodesia. He started the British South Africa Company.  He led it to expand British territory to the north and form the colony of Rhodesia.
He became Prime Minister of Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. He was supported by the Afrikaner Bond in the Cape Colony until he betrayed them by supporting a rebellion against their relatives, the Boers of the South African Republic. He set up the Jameson Raid, led  by his close friend Leander Starr Jameson in 1895. After that the Bond forced him to resign. He supported the Liberal Party and the Irish Parliamentary Party in domestic politics, in the UK. 

He started the Rhodes scholarships in his will. They let citizens of British colonies, the United States and Germany to study at Oxford on a scholarship if they demonstrated certain academic and character qualities. He was a Freemason. 

Many scholars think that he was a white supremacist. In his last years he was pursued by the Princess Catherine Radziwill, a Polish adventuress.

1853 births
1902 deaths
South African businesspeople
Rhodesia
is a Japanese manga artist. He is the creator of many popular anime and manga series, most notably the Dragon Ball franchise. It has many media adaptions, and is now the most popular anime series and the second best-selling manga of all time.

References 

Japanese manga artists
1955 births
Living people
People from Aichi Prefecture
Ieoh Ming Pei  (April 26, 1917 – May 16, 2019) was a Chinese American architect. Pei was an important name in his field, with his buildings built all over the world. When he was a child, he learned basic knowledge about architecture from his father.

Career
Pei made innovations in architecture, and won the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Medal for Architecture. He built the Allied Bank Tower in Dallas, Texas, as well as the Louvre Pyramid, which is the main entrance to the Louvre Museum in Paris. In 1983, Pei won the Pritzker Prize.

Death
Pei died in the New York City borough of Manhattan on May 16, 2019. He was 102 years old.

References

Sources

"I. M. Pei." Notable Asian Americans. Ed. Helen Zia and Susan B. Gall. Detroit: Gale, 1995. Biography in Context. Web. May 29, 2015.
"I. M. Pei." Newsmakers. Detroit: Gale, 1990. Biography in Context. Web. May 29, 2015.

1917 births
2019 deaths
American architects
American centenarians
People from Guangdong
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
Guangzhou
Isaac Bashevis Singer (; November 11, 1903 – July 24, 1991) was a leading writer in Yiddish literature. He was a Jewish American who was born in Poland. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978. He also was vegetarian.

References

1902 births
1991 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American novelists
American short story writers
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Polish Jews
Polish Nobel Prize winners
John von Neumann (December 28. 1903 – February 8. 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist.

He contributed to many fields, including:

Set theory
Functional analysis
Quantum mechanics
Ergodic theory
Continuous geometry
Economics
Game theory
Computer science
Numerical analysis
Systems theory
Statistics

He is generally regarded as a prodigy, polymath and one of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century.

He was a member of a group called the 'Martians'. They were Hungarian immigrants to the US of extraordinary intellect. Others people in this group were Edward Teller, Paul Erdős, Leó Szilárd and Eugene Wigner.
Noteworthy work 
His textbook on quantum mechanics is one of the first on this topic.
His game theory is considered one of the most important tools in competitive strategic management and is also of high importance in biosciences.
He is the designer of the Von-Neumann architecture, which is basic to nearly all computers today.
He was one of the first proponents of artificial intelligence. He proposed the idea of self replicating machines.  This is why a machine that can replicate itself is now commonly referred to as a 'Von Neumann machine'.
With Stanislav Ulam, he did some of the most important calculations in the Manhattan project.
He worked at the Institute of Advanced Studies the same time as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and Robert Oppenheimer
Well known by computer scientists
Principles are included in every modern computer, tablet or phone.

References
References 

1903 births
1957 deaths
American mathematicians
American physicists
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
Hungarian mathematicians
Scientists from Budapest
Systems scientists
Hungarian physicists
Iwan Wyn Roberts (born 26 June, 1968 in Bangor, Wales) is a Welsh football player. He played for the Welsh national team and several English teams, including Norwich City F.C. and Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C..

At Norwich, Roberts twice won the player of the year trophy.

As a player, Roberts was a striker.

1968 births
Living people
Welsh footballers