Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Gabriel Contino better known as Gabriel o Pensador is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in Rio de Janeiro (city), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on March 4, 1974.
He began his musical career to launch a demo with the song "I'm Happy (I killed the President)" and was soon hired by Sony Music.

Recent events
Besides singer, Gabriel is a writer in 2001 and released the autobiographical book Diary Nocturne, four years later launched A Boy Called Rorbeto, which won the Jabuti Award best children's book of the year next. In 2008 released the book My Little Rubro-Negro and a year later launched a special version of the same book titled My Little Crimson-Black - Special Edition Hexa.

References 

Brazilian rappers
1974 births
Living people
Teacher's Pet is a 2004 animated musical movie.  It is based on the television series of the same name. The movie ends the central storyline of the series. The movie released theatrically on January 16, 2004.

Cast
 Nathan Lane as Spot Helperman / Scott Leadready II / Scott Manly-Manning
 Shaun Fleming as Leonard Amadeus Helperman
 Debra Jo Rupp as Mary Lou Moira Angela Darling Helperman
 Kelsey Grammer as Dr. Ivan Krank
 David Ogden Stiers as Mr. Jolly
 Jerry Stiller as Pretty Boy
 Paul Reubens as Dennis
 Megan Mullally as Adele
 Wallace Shawn as Principal Crosby Strickler
 Rob Paulsen as Ian Wazselewski
 Estelle Harris as Mrs. Boogin
 Jay Thomas as Barry Anger
 Rosalyn Landor as The Blue Fairy
 Genie Ann Francis as Marsha / Marcia
 Anthony Geary as John / Juan
 Mae Whitman as Leslie Dunkling
 Lauren Tom as Younghee
 Pamela S. Adlon as Trevor / Taylor / Tyler
 Timothy Stack as Father
 Emma Steinkellner as Little girl
 Ken Swofford as Officer White
 Kevin M. Richardson as Conductor
 David Maples as Beefeater
2004 movies
2004 animated movies
American animated movies
Disney animated movies
Alex Pereira Barbosa better known as MV Bill is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in Rio de Janeiro (city), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on January 3, 1974.

Alongside the career of rapper, MV Bill launched in 2005, along with Celso Athayde, the book Head Pig. The following year, Falcon - Traffic Kids, available in book and DVD, which became known nationally after viewing the program Fantasy, the Globo.

References 

Brazilian rappers
1974 births
Living people
Pooh's Heffalump Movie is a 2005 American animated musical adventure comedy film released by Walt Disney Pictures, featuring characters from A.A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh stories.

A sequel, Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie, was released direct-to-video on September 13, 2005.

Cast 
 Nikita Hopkins as Roo
 Kyle Stanger as Lumpy the Heffalump
 Jim Cummings as Winnie-the-Pooh and Tigger
 Peter Cullen as Eeyore
 Kath Soucie as Kanga
 John Fiedler as Piglet
 Ken Sansom as Rabbit
 Brenda Blethyn as Mama Heffalump

2005 movies
American animated movies
Disney animated movies
Movies about animals
Movies about elephants
Sequel movies
Rappin' Hood is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil on June 5, 1972.

Recent events
In 2008, signed to TV Cultura to present the program Manos e Minas appears on Wednesdays and 19h 30 min. However, he left the program in April 2009, leaving the command of the same for the rapper Thaíde.

References 

Brazilian rappers
1972 births
Living people
Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World is a 1997 American-French direct-to-video Disney midquel movie.  It is the 3rd in the Beauty and the Beast trilogy. It was first released on February 17, 1997.

1997 movies
Disney animated movies
Beauty and the Beast (Disney)
Sequel movies
American animated movies
Disney direct-to-video movies
Thaíde is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil on November 5, 1967.

Recent events
In April 2009, he took over the program Manos e Minas, the TV Cultura, leaving the program a year later. Signed to TV Bandeirantes in 2010 and currently presents the program "A Liga" on this same station, along with Lobão, Caze Peçanha, Débora Vilalba and Sophia Reis program and Metro Black Radio Metropolitana FM of São Paulo along with Marcela Rocha.

References 

Brazilian rappers
1967 births
Living people
Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World is a 1998 direct-to-video sequel to the 1995 Disney movie Pocahontas.  The movie is inspired by true events in the life of Pocahontas.  These events take place several years after meeting John Smith and the founders of Jamestown.  The first movie was about her romance with John Smith.  This movie is about her romance with the Englishman she married in real life, John Rolfe.

All the returning characters from the first movie keep the same voice actors, except for Captain John Smith who is voiced by Donal Gibson.

1998 movies
Disney animated movies
Sequel movies
American animated movies
Disney direct-to-video movies
Pocahontas (Disney)
Xis is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil on November 24, 1972.

Recent events
He participated in the second edition of Casa dos Artistas in 2002 in SBT. However, at 21 days of confinement, left home due to new program participants. In the same year, he won his second trophy "Best Video Rap" in VMB.

References 

Brazilian rappers
1972 births
Living people
The Game of the District Messenger Boy; or, Merit Rewarded is a board game published by McLoughlin Brothers in 1886. Players race their tokens around a track as lowly messenger boys. The first player to reach the Head of the Firm space at track's end is the winner. The game is one of the earliest American games to insinuate (suggest as truth) that social status is increased with the accumulation of wealth. Prior to its publication, Christian virtue as a means to a better life was the focus of American board games such as The Mansion of Happiness. Variants of District Messenger Boy include The Game of the Messenger Boy. Competitive, materialsitic board games culminated in 1935 with Monopoly.

Related pages
 Horatio Alger, Jr.

Notes 

Board games
The Warta (; ) is a river in western-central Poland. It is a tributary of the Oder river. It is about  long. The Warta is Poland's third longest river. Its river basin is . It is connected to the Vistula by the river Noteć and the Bydgoszcz Canal (Kanał Bydgoski) near Bydgoszcz.

Course 
The Warta river starts in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland at Kromołów near Zawiercie in the Silesian Voivodeship. It flows through Łódź Voivodeship, Greater Poland (Wielkopolska), and Lubusz Voivodeship. It empties into the Oder river in a town called Kostrzyn nad Odrą, on the border with Germany.

The Warta's river basis was the original territory of Poland. The Polans tribe () lived there starting in the 8th century (700 CE). The Polish national anthem, Mazurek Dąbrowskiego, mentions the Warta in its second verse.

Cities 
The Warta river runs through many different cities and towns:
Zawiercie
 Myszków
 Częstochowa
 Działoszyn
 Sieradz
 Warta
 Uniejów
 Koło
 Konin
 Pyzdry
 Śrem
 Mosina
 Puszczykowo
 Luboń
 Poznań
 Oborniki
 Obrzycko
 Wronki
 Sieraków
 Międzychód
 Skwierzyna
 Gorzów Wielkopolski
 Kostrzyn nad Odrą

Right tributaries 
 Widawka
 Ner
 Wełna
 Noteć

Left tributaries 
 Liswarta
 Prosna
 Obra
 Postomia

Related pages
 List of Rivers of Poland

Rivers of Poland
An aura is the changes that people see, hear, smell, taste, or feel before they have an epileptic seizure, or before they have a migraine. It comes from the Greek word for breeze. The cause of the aura is related to the way the brain works, so this is a neurological condition.

Migraines 
There are different kinds of migraines. About 15% of people who have a migraine will have an aura. The symptoms may include visual problems like not being able to see for a short time, seeing zig-zag lines or floating spots, dizziness, a ringing noise in the ears (tinnitus), and problems speaking.  It may take up to an hour after the aura begins before a person starts getting a migraine.

Epileptic seizures 
Many people with epilepsy have an aura before having a seizure.  This can be helpful, because the aura can tell the person that a seizure is coming ahead of time, and give them time to get to a safe place.  The time between the aura and the seizure is usually short (often from seconds to minutes).
Other causes 
There are other neurological conditions which can cause aura-like symptoms.  These include strokes and panic attacks, for example.

Symptoms
Difficulty speaking
 Vertigo: a kind of dizziness where the person feels as if the world is spinning or moving around them or there is a feeling of spinning or moving in their head.
 Scotomas: blind spots in the person's vision
 Scintillating scotomas, also called teichopsia: seeing bright wavy lines or a spot with flickering lights, which gets bigger and grows into one or more arcs or curves of shimmering white light or colored flickering lights.
 Fortification: seeing zig-zag lines
 Changes in vision
 Photopsia: flashes of light
 Tinnitus: a ringing noise in the ears
 Muscle weakness
 Bilateral facial pain: pain in both the left and right side of the face
 Tingling feelings
 Numbness: usually following the tingling sensation there is numbness (you can not feel very much or not at all) one side of the body.  This can happen in the arm, leg, and/or one side
 Muscle weakness: usually on one side of the body
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: these are a type of hallucination (something a person sees that is not real).  These types of hallucinations may make other people or things look much smaller than they really are (micropsia) or bigger than they really are (macropsia)
Scotomas

Scotoma (came from the Greek word for darkness: skotos): a blind spot or area of reduced vision surrounded by a normal visual field. i.e.: A person can see normally except where the scotoma is. Scotomas may affect one or both eyes.  They can be either absolute, where the person can see nothing within the scotoma, or relative, where the person can see something within the scotoma, but less than usual.

Negative scotoma: an area of partial or total blindness.  Usually it is followed by a scintillating scotoma, but the negative scotoma may be surrounded by a scintillating scotoma. A negative scotoma may be either be an absolute scotoma and may seem like a blank spot where the person can not see any light, or a relative scotoma in which some light may be seen but less than normal, the scotoma  may be blurry as if looking through thick plastic. Negative scotomas are usually not noticed by a person and are found by an eye or ophthalmic examination.
Positive scotoma: an area of vision loss or blockage that may be seen as a dark or black spot or the blockage of vision may be what seem to be various shapes or lines that may change in brightness i.e they may get darker and lighter so it seems like a flickering light.

Fortification scotoma (AKA:teichopsia): seeing lines that look like the lines of a fort. The lines may be gray or colored and the brightness may change from darker to lighter so that they appear to be flickering then the fortification scotoma may be called a scintillating scotoma.

Scintillating scotoma: is the progression of a fortification scotoma i.e When the lines seen in a fortificatin scotoma change in brightness rapidly so they look like flickering lights. This is one of the most common scotomas a person who has a migraine with aura may see. It usually starts as a spot of flickering lights in the center of a person's visual field it then gets larger.

References

Migraine
Symptoms
Neurology
The family Eupleridae is a group of carnivores found in Madagascar. The family has of eight species and seven genera in two subfamilies. They live in a variety of habitats, from humid forests, marshes, bogs, and swamps, to deserts and savannas.

The Euplerids are a clade. They are descendents of ancestors which rafted over from Africa about 20 million years ago (mya). They are closely related to mongooses. The fossa and the Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana) are believed to be the most ancient surviving species in this group.
 
Euplerids usually have slender bodies with relatively small heads. Head and body length ranges from 250 mm to 800 mm. Euplerids are primarily carnivorous, eating small mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Fossa fossana and Galidia elegans may also eat some fruit.
Reproduction
Fossas form monogamous pairs, while species in the genera Galidia, Mungotictis, and Salanoia live alone or in pairs, suggesting that they are monogamous for one breeding season only. Mungotictis individuals live in small groups with several adults of each sex, but it is not known if all of the adults in a group breed. Cryptoprocta only live alone, suggesting a polygynous or polygynandrous mating system.

Euplerids have definite breeding seasons. Each species' season is different and lasts from two to eight months. Gestation lasts around three months. Usually, just one or two young are born per litter, though Cryptoprocta can have up to four. Weaning takes place between two and four and a half months.

Conservation status 
All species in this family are threatened. The main causes are loss of habitat and hunting by humans or dogs. (IUCN 2006)

References 

Feliformia
Mammals of Africa
Tracey Walter (born November 25, 1947) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as Bob the Goon in Tim Burton's 1989 movie Batman. He won a Saturn Award in 1984.

Walter was born on November 25, 1947 in Jersey City, New Jersey.

References

Other websites
Tracey Walter Online 

1947 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Jersey
Saturn Award winners
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Montgomery Edward "Monty" Clift (October 17, 1920 – July 23, 1966) was an American movie, television, radio, and stage actor who is known for his roles in From Here to Eternity, A Place in the Sun, The Misfits, Red River, and in Judgement at Nuremberg. He was nominated four times for an Academy Award. His great-great-grandfather was politician Francis Preston Blair.

Clift was born on October 17, 1920, in Omaha, Nebraska. He was raised in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City. He began his career in Broadway in 1935 when he was only 13 years old. He worked with many famous actors such as Marlon Brando and Elizabeth Taylor.

He was never married and had no children. He was homosexual. He had a boyfriend with Maurice Leonard. Clift died on July 23, 1966 in New York City from a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease, aged 45.

References

Other websites
1920 births
1966 deaths
Actors from New York City
Actors from Omaha, Nebraska
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT people from New York City
People from Queens
League of Legends (LoL) is a multiplayer online battle arena video game. It was created by Riot Games. People can play the game on Microsoft Windows and macOS. The game is free-to-play, meaning people do not need to pay money to play the game. The game uses a freemium way to make money. League of Legends was inspired by Defense of the Ancients (DotA).

As of 2013, it is the most played computer game in the world with over 32 million active users per month. It is currently the most played game in the world by active users per month. The game is very popular  for professional competitions.
Gameplay
In League of Legends, the player who is called a "summoner" selects a “champion” from a pool of 157 (As of September 2021) possible choices, each with their own set of unique abilities. Each player plays in a team with 4 other summoners against another 5 person team. The goal of the team is to make it to the opposite team’s base, called a nexus, and destroy it in one of 3 battle arenas, called maps. However, to accomplish this, teams must first destroy 3 towers and an inhibitor in at least one lane. The Nexus also spawns AI-controlled minions for each team, that move forward and attack the first enemy champion, minion, or turret they see. The most popular map, Summoner's Rift, is split into three lanes that each have three turrets and an inhibitor.  Players can kill minions, or other enemy players to gain gold which can be spent on items to make their champion stronger.
Between each lane are paths where neutral monsters spawn, called the jungle. Either side can kill these monsters to gain gold, experience and buffs.

Each champion has three normal abilities and an ultimate ability. Killing minions, jungle monsters and enemy champions gives experience and when a certain amount is reached the champion 'levels up' and the player can spend a point to improve one of their abilities. There are 18 levels and points can be spent in any order. However, these points can only be used to buy a champion's ultimate ability and it's improvements at levels 6, 11 and 16.
Player experience and intelligence points are earned by playing matches over time. Player accounts begin at level one. There is no level cap, but some of the game modes are not unlocked until level 30. Some players create secondary accounts, known as smurf accounts, to play at lower levels or against less experienced players. They also unlock abilities called summoner spells that can be used in game, as well as Runes. These provide small bonuses during the game.

References

Other websites
 

2009 video games
Online games
Hazrat Sheikh Mohye-ed-din Ibn ul-Arabī  (Arabic: ابن عربي) (July 28, 1165 – November 10, 1240) was an Arab Andalusian Sufi mystic, poet and philosopher. 

He is renowned in the Muslim world as Sheikh ul Akbar (The Greatest Sheikh), for his famous explanation of the concept of Tawhid  (Oneness of God) through the concept or perception of the idea of Wahdat ul Wajood (Oneness of Being).

He was born in Murcia. When he was a child his family moved to Seville. Despite living in Spain, he visited North Africa a lot. In 1202 he visited Mecca, as part of his Hajj. He lived in Mecca for three years. He also visited Syria, Iraq, Turkey and Palestine. He would eventually move to Damascus. He died there in 1240. 

His most famous book is called The Meccan Revelations (Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya in Arabic). It has 560 chapters. In the book, he writes about cosmology, metaphysics, religion, and Islam.

References

1165 births
1240 deaths
Sufis
Arab people
Poets
Andalusian Muslims
ʿAbd al-Qādir Gīlānī, (, formally Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sālih ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Gīlānī al-Ḥasanī wa'l-Ḥusaynī  (, , , ), known as for short was a Hanbali Sunni Muslim preacher, orator, ascetic, mystic, sayyid, faqīh, and theologian. He was known for being the eponymous founder of the Qadiriyya tariqa (Sufi order) of Sufism.

Urs festival of Shaikh Jilani is celebrated as Gyarvi Sharif in Indian subcontinent and abroad.

Early life 
Born 29 Sha'ban 470 AH (around 1077) in the town of Na'if, district of Gilan-e Gharb, Gilan, Iran and died Monday, February 14, 1166 (11 Rabi' al-Thani 561 AH), in Baghdad, (1077–1166 CE), was a Persian Hanbali Sunni jurist and sufi based in Baghdad. The Qadiriyya tariqa is named after him. And say that he was born in Gilan Iraq, a historic village near the cities (Al-Mada'in) of 40 kilometers south of Baghdad, as evidenced by historical studies academic and adopted by the Gilan Family in Baghdad.
Name's origin 
The name Muhiyudin describes him as a "reviver of religion". Gilan (Arabic al-Jilani) refers to his place of birth, Gilan. However, Gilani also carried the epithet Baghdadi. referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad. He is also called al-Hasani wa'l-Husayni, which indicates a claim to lineal descent from both Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali may Allah be pleased with them.

Paternal heritage 
Gilani's father was from Sayyid lineage. He was respected as a saint by the people of his day, and was known as Jangi Dost "who loves God", thus "Jangidost" was his sobriquet.
Education 
Gilani spent his early life in Gilan, the town of his birth. In 1095, at the age of eighteen years, he went to Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law  under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil. He was given lessons on Hadith by Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj. His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. (A detailed description of his various teachers and subjects are included below). After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq.

Education in Baghdad 
At the age of 18, Gilani went to Baghdad to study the Hanbali school of fiqh.
Later life 
In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher, al-Mazkhzoomi, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He was said to have been a convincing preacher and converted numerous Jews and Christians. His strength came in the reconciling of the mystical nature of Sufism and strict nature of the Quran.

Death and burial
Death and burial 

Gilani died in the evening of Tuesday, February 21, 1166 (11th Rabi' al-thani 561 AH) at the age of ninety one years according to the Islamic calendar. His body was entombed in a shrine within his madrasa in Babul-Sheikh, Rusafa on the east bank of the Tigris in Baghdad, Iraq. During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed. However, in 1535, the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent had a turba (dome) built over the shrine, which exists to this day.

Birthday & Death Anniversary celebration 
1 Ramadan is celebrated as the birthday of Abdul Qadir Gilani while the death anniversary is on 11 Rabi us Thani though some scholars and traditions say 29 Shaban and 17 Rabi us Sani as birth and death day respectively. The later is called in the Subcontinent as Giyarwee Shareef or  Honoured Day of 11th.

Books 
 Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Light)

Related pages
 Jilala
 Moinuddin Chishti
Bibliography 
 
 Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktūban / Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī. Translated from Persian to Arabic by Alī usāmu ́D-Dīn Al-Muttaqī. Translated from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland.
 Kamsata ašara maktūban. First edition. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, ʿAlī B., ʿAbd al-Malik al- Muttaqī al-Hindī (about 1480–1567) and Muhtar Holland (1935–). Al-Baz publications, Hollywood, Florida. (1997) .
 Jalā Al-Khawātir: a collection of forty-five discourses of Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī, the removal of cares. Chapter 23, pg 308. Jalā al-Khawātir, Holland, Muhtar (1935–) (translator). Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1997) .
 
 
 Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), Parts one and two in Arabic. Al-Qadir, Abd, Al-Gaylani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din,  (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion.) in Arabic. Introduced by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus, Bairut, (2005).
 
 Geography of the Baz Ahhab second reading in the biography of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, and the birthplace of his birth according to the methodology of scientific research (MA in Islamic History from Baghdad University in 2001) of Iraqi researcher Jamal al-Din Faleh Kilani, review and submission of the historian Emad Abdulsalam Rauf،Publishe Dar Baz Publishing, United States of America, 2016, translated by Sayed Wahid Al-Qadri Aref.
Notes

References

Other websites
   GOGHRAFI ALBAZ ALASHB, at archive.org.
 Revelations of the Unseen Translation of Futuh al-Ghaib, at archive.org.
 Sufficient Provision For Seekers Of The Path Of Truth Translation of parts of Al-Ghunya Li Talibi Tariq Al-Haqq, at archive.org.
 Openings from the Lord Translation of excerpts from Al-Fath Al-Rabbani, at archive.org.
 Utterances Translation of Malfuzat, at archive.org.

1077 births
1165 deaths
Asian Sufis
Iranian Islamic religious leaders
Iranian writers
Donald Lawrence Keene (June 18, 1922 – February 24, 2019), also known as , was an American and Japanese scholar, teacher, writer, translator and Japan studies expert.

Keene's contributions to the understanding of Japanese culture were recognized by the Japanese government in 2002 and in 2008. In 2012, Keene became a Japanese citizen and he explained, 
"You cannot stop being an American after 89 years.... But I have become a Japanese in many ways. Not pretentiously, but naturally."

Early life
Keene was born in Brooklyn in New York City.  He received a Bachelor's degree from Columbia in 1942. He studied Japanese language at the U.S. Navy Japanese Language School.  After World War II, he returned to Columbia where he earned a master's degree in 1947.

He earned a Ph.D. from Columbia in 1951. In this period, Ryūsaku Tsunoda became his mentor.
Career
Starting in 1955,  Keene was a professor at Columbia University for over fifty years. He retired from Columbia after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. He became a Japanese citizen under the name Kīn Donarudo.

His first visit to Japan was during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945.

Death
Keene died on February 24, 2019 in Tokyo from heart failure, aged 96.
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Keene, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 600+ works in 1,400+ publications in 16 languages and 39,000+ library holdings. 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 The Battles of Coxinga: Chikamatsu's Puppet Play, Its Background and Importance, 1951
 The Japanese Discovery of Europe: Honda Toshiaki and other discoverers 1720-1952, 1952
 Japanese Literature an Introduction for Western Readers, 1955
 Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, 1956
 Major Plays of Chikamatsu, 1961
 Four Major Plays of Chikamatsu, 1961
 Japanese Discovery of Europe, 1720-1830, 1969
 Twenty Plays of the Noh Theatre, 1970
 World Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the Pre-Modern Era, 1600-1867, 1976
 Some Japanese Portraits, 1979
 Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature in the Modern Era, 1984-1988
 The Pleasures of Japanese Literature, 1988
 Introducing Kyoto, 1989 (with Herbert E. Plutschow)
Travelers of a Hundred Ages: The Japanese As Revealed Through 1,000 Years of Diaries, 1989
 Modern Japanese Novels and the West, 1989
 No and Bunraku: Two Forms of Japanese Theatre, 1990
 Appreciations of Japanese Culture, 1991
 The Colors of Poetry: Essays in Classic Japanese Verse 1991 (with Ooka Makoto)
 Travelers of a Hundred Ages, 1992
 Seeds in the Heart: Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century,1993
 On Familiar Terms: A Journey Across Cultures, 1994
 Modern Japanese Diaries: The Japanese at Home and Abroad As Revealed Through Their Diaries, 1995
 The Blue-Eyed Tarokaja: A Donald Keene Anthology, 1996
 On Familiar Terms: To Japan and Back, a Lifetime Across Cultures, 1996
 Japan at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Woodblock Prints from the Meija Era, 1868-1912, 2001 (with Anne Nishimura & Frederic A. Sharf)
 Sources of Japanese Tradition: From Earliest Times to 1600, 2001 (with William Theodore De Bary, George Tanabe and H. Paul Varley)
Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912, 2002
 Masterful Illusions: Japanese Prints from the Anne Van Biema Collection, 2002 (Lee Bruschke-Johnson and Ann Yonemura)
 Five Modern Japanese Novelists, 2002
 Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion: The Creation of the Soul of Japan, 2003
 Frog In The Well: Portraits of Japan by Watanabe Kazan 1793-1841, 2006
 Chronicles of My Life: An American in the Heart of Japan, 2008
 So Lovely A Country Will Never Perish: Wartime Diaries of Japanese Writers, 2010
Honors
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, Third Class, 1975
 Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star, Second Class, 1993
 Person of Cultural Merit, 2002 
 Order of Culture, 2008

References

Other websites
  Keene, Donald at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
 Donald Keene Center of Japanese Culture 

1922 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Columbia University alumni
Harvard University alumni
American Japanologists
American historians
Katherine LaNasa (born December 1, 1966 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American movie and TV actress and dancer. She has acted in many television programs and movies. LaNasa was married to actors Dennis Hopper, French Stewart and Grant Show.

References

1966 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Louisiana
was a Japan academic and Japanologist.  He is known as the "father of Japanese studies" at Columbia University.

Career
Tsunoda was responsible for the early growth of the Japanese language and  literature collection at Columbia's library. 
 
Tsunoda's best known students was Donald Keene.   Keene's opinion of Tsunoda was explaind in a lecture given at Waseda University in 1994:
"His vocation was teaching, not writing. His joy as a teacher lay in communicating knowledge directly and enthusiastically to his students.... "

According to Sir George Sansom, Tsunoda was the "father of Japanese studies in America".

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Tsunoda, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 50 works in 100+2 publications in 4 languages and 2,000+ library holdings. 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Japan in the Chinese Dynastic Histories, 1951 (with L. Carrington Goodrich)
 Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vols. I-II, 1958 (with William Theodore de Bary and Donald Keene)

References

Other websites
  Tsunoda, Ryūsaku at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

 Waseda University:  "Tsunoda Ryūsaku -- his life as a bridge between Japan and America," 2008.

1877 births
1964 deaths
Japanologists
The Breton Party (, )  is a social-democratic and social-liberal nationalist party which aspires to the creation of an independent Brittany, within the European Union.

Political parties in France
Nationalist organizations in Europe
Brittany
In special relativity, the Minkowski spacetime is a four-dimensional manifold, created by Hermann Minkowski. It has four dimensions: three dimensions of space (x, y, z) and one dimension of time. Minkowski spacetime has a metric signature of (-+++), and describes a flat surface when no mass is present. The convention in this article is to call Minkowski spacetime simply spacetime. 

However, Minkowski spacetime only applies in special relativity. General relativity used the notion of curved spacetime to describe the effects of gravity and accelerated motion.

Definition(s)

Mathematical
Spacetime can be thought of as a four-dimensional coordinate system in which the axes are given by 

They can also be denoted by

Where  represents . The reason for measuring time in units of the speed of light times the time coordinate is so that the units for time are the same as the units for space. Spacetime has the differential for arc length given by

This implies that spacetime has a metric tensor given by
As before stated, spacetime is flat everywhere; to some extent, it can be thought of as a plane.

Simple
Spacetime can be thought of as the "arena" in which all of the events in the universe take place. All that one needs to specify a point in spacetime is a certain time and a typical spatial orientation. It is hard (virtually impossible) to visualize four dimensions, but some analogy can be made, using the method below.

Spacetime diagrams

Hermann Minkowski introduced a certain method for graphing coordinate systems in Minkowski spacetime. As seen to the right, different coordinate systems will disagree on an object's spatial orientation and/or position in time. As you can see from the diagram, there is only one spatial axis (the x-axis) and one time axis (the ct-axis). If need be, one can introduce an extra spatial dimension, (the y-axis); unfortunately, this is the limit to the number of dimensions: graphing in four dimensions is impossible. The rule for graphing in Minkowski spacetime goes as follows:
1) The angle between the x-axis and the x'-axis is given by  where v is the velocity of the object

2) The speed of light through spacetime always makes an angle of 45 degrees with either axis.

Spacetime in general relativity

In the general theory of relativity, Einstein used the equation

To allow for spacetime to actually curve; the resulting effects are those of gravity.

Related pages
Spacetime
Special relativity
General relativity

Relativity
Diane Pretty (15 November 1959 - 11 May 2002) was a British woman who became known for a debate on laws of euthanasia. She had attempted to change British law so she could end her own life because of the pains and problems of the terminal illness motor neurone disease.

Over time, the disease worsened and made it impossible for her to move or communicate easily even though her mental faculties remained normal. The illness resulted in her having to be looked after continuously by her husband and nurses. Pretty took her case to court using the Human Rights Act to argue not to prosecute anybody involved in helping her to die. British courts did not accept Pretty's arguments, with the House of Lords eventually turning her case down. The European Court of Human Rights refused to acknowledge that the European Convention on Human Rights provided a right to die, and her appeal to that court also failed. She died aged 43, as a result of her condition.
1958 births
2002 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in England 
English activists
Euthanasia activists
British health activists
Megaevolution is a term which describes the most dramatic events in evolution. By that is not meant a different kind of evolution; rather, it means evolution which produces a tremendous effect. It is not suggested that the evolutionary processes involved are special although, in some cases they might be. Since the word 'macroevolution' can apply to relatively modest changes at the species and genus level, 'megaevolution' may be used for really huge changes.

The adaptive radiation of  birds in the Lower Cretaceous, teleosts in the Cretaceous, flowering plants in the Upper Cretaceous, mammals in the Eocene, moths in the Cretaceous are striking examples of macroevolution. However, there are even more important events in the history of life. An interesting list was prepared by Maynard Smith and Szathmáry, which they called the major transitions in evolution. They did the list twice.
1999 list
Replicating molecules: change to populations of molecules in protocells
Independent replicators leading to chromosomes
RNA as gene and enzyme change to DNA genes and protein enzymes
Bacterial cells (prokaryotes) leading to cells with nuclei and organelles (eukaryotes)
Asexual clones leading to sexual populations
Single-celled organisms leading to fungi, plants and animals
Solitary individuals leading to colonies with non-reproducing castes (termites, ants & bees)
Primate societies leading to human societies with language

Some of these topics have been discussed before.

Numbers one to six on the list are about events which are of huge importance, but about which we know relatively little. All occurred before (and mostly very much before) the fossil record started, or at least before the Phanerozoic eon.
Numbers seven and eight on the list are of a different kind from the first six, and are generally not considered by the other authors. Number four is of a type which is not covered by traditional evolutionary theory, The origin of eukaryotic cells is probably due to symbiosis between prokaryotes. This is a kind of evolution which must be a rare event.

Cambrian 
The Cambrian explosion or Cambrian radiation was the relatively rapid appearance of most major animal phyla around 530 million years ago (mya) in the fossil record. It is the classic example of megaevolution. "The fossil record documents two mutually exclusive macroevolutionary modes separated by the transitional Ediacaran period".
Before about 580 mya it seems that most organisms were simple. They were made of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution accelerated by an order of magnitude. Normally rates of evolution are measured by the extinction and origination rate of species, but here we can say that by the end of the Cambrian every phylum, or almost every phylum, existed.

The diversity of life began to resemble that of today.

The Cambrian explosion has caused much scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the 'primordial strata' was noted as early as the mid 19th century,  and Charles Darwin saw it as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection.

References 

Evolutionary biology
Deep Impact was a NASA space probe to study comets. It was sent out to meet Comet Tempel 1, and to crash a smaller space rocket deep into the comet's surface. 

Deep Impact was launched on January 12, 2005 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The rocket used was Delta II. It reached the comet in July 2005,  from Earth. After taking photos, the  impactor spacecraft was sent to crash into the surface on July 4, 2005. This created a huge crater and blasted parts of the comet into space. Deep Impact was able to study this debris which included ice and dust from deep inside the comet. This has helped scientists understand what comets are made of.

From the explosion scientists discovered that the comet had water ice both on the surface and deep inside. One scientist described it as being like a "...skating rink of snowy dirt." They were able to work out the comet was formed in the area between Uranus and Neptune.
After the mission, NASA decided to send Deep Impact to study the Comet 85P/Boethin. However the comet did not return on its expected 11 year path around the sun, and has not been seen since.

References

NASA spacecraft
2005 in Florida
Spacecrafts launched in 2000s
2005 in technology
Tempel 1 is a comet which orbits the sun every 5.5 years. It was discovered in 1867 by the astronomer Ernest Tempel. On July 4, 2005, NASA fired a spacecraft from Deep Impact into its surface creating a spectacular explosion. Scientists were able to study the debris from the explosion to discover what the comet was made from. They discovered that part of the comet was covered in water ice which made it like a  skating rink. This was the first time that evidence of water had been found on a comet.

References

Comets
Positronium is an onium, a type of exotic atom that is made of a particle and its antiparticle. In Positronium, one positron and one electron are bonded together. The positron replaces a proton that would normally be present in a Hydrogen atom. They both stay in the same orbital.  The atom is unstable, and a few nanoseconds after it is created, the positron and the electron collide, destroying the Positronium and forming two gamma rays.

Positronium molecules 
Positronium can form molecules, like normal atoms. It can bond with both other exotic atoms and normal atoms.

Di-positronium 
Di-positronium is a simple molecule made from two positronium atoms bonded together. It was predicted in 1946 by John Archibald Wheeler, but was discovered in 2007 by David Cassidy and Allen Mills, when they fired positrons at molecules of silicon dioxide.
Positronium hydride 
Positronium hydride, also called hydrogen positride, is an exotic molecule made of an atom of hydrogen bonded to a positronium atom. It was predicted in 1951 by A Ore, but was not discovered until 1990 by R. Pareja and R. Gonzalez, who discovered it when they trapped positronium in hydrogen-magnesia crystals.
Physics
The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs.  It goes along the coast of Belize, about  offshore in the north and  in the south. The Belize Barrier Reef is a  long section of the  long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System.  The reef system runs continuous from Cancún on the northeast tip of the Yucatán Peninsula through the Riviera Maya down to Honduras.  This makes it one of the largest coral reef systems in the world after the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the New Caledonia Barrier Reef. 

Charles Darwin described it as "the most remarkable reef in the West Indies" in 1842.

Species
The Belize Barrier Reef is home to many different plants and animals. There are:
70 hard coral species
36 soft coral species
500 species of fish
hundreds of invertebrate species
About 90% of the reef still needs to be researched.  It is thought that only 10% of all species have been discovered.

References

Geography of Belize
World Heritage Sites in South America
Reefs
San Ignacio is a town in western Belize. It is the capital of Cayo District. The town grew from Mahogany and chicle production during British rule.  

San Ignacio is on the banks of the Macal and Mopan Rivers.

Towns in Belize
1800s establishments in North America
Establishments in Belize
San Pedro is a town in Belize.  It is on the southern part of the island of Ambergris Caye. English is the main language spoken, however many people speak Spanish.

One of the main industries in the town is tourism, most notably scuba diving. Ambergis Museum is in the town.

Towns in Belize
Benque Viejo del Carmen (usually shortened to "Benque") is a town in the country of Belize. It is in the Cayo District.  The northern edge of the town is along the Mopan River.  The river also forms the border with Guatemala. Benque Viejo is a growing town rich with culture and activities. It is a short 5 minute walk to the famous Xunantunich ruins. It also is home to Actun Chapat, a large underground cave system, popular with tourists. An addition of a new Municipal market in Sept 6 2014 . A new hotel the Benque Resort. The addition of Tropic Air extending flights to Maya Flats, has increased the interest and visitors to Benque. Benque is experiencing a growing expat population of retirees, as it was voted cleanest and safest town in Belize.
Once a bustling center of trade for logwood and chicle, Benque is now experiencing growth in tourism, and the addition of a Free trade zone has contributed to the growth and prosperity of the town. Residents enjoy a variety of activities in the town, one of the most popular is river tubing. Leaving from the dock at the Benque Resort on Riverside, visitors and residents, can enjoy the beautiful greenish/blue waters of the Mopan River and float downstream to the Mayan ruins of Xunantunich, a popular tourist destination, which features one of the largest pyramids in Belize. A popular House of Culture features a Marimba academy,art classes,dance and music classes to residents and visitors alike. A 100-acre Art park Poustinia on the outskirts of Benque features fabulous works, created by groups and students from all over the world. A publishing house, Cubola books, and a recording studio, Stonetree records, have made this town popular amongst artists from all over the world
. The addition of Cave Garden coffee house and resident artist and world renowned master flutist Pablo Collado has entertained countless groups and dignitaries.
The Belize dollar is the official currency in Belize. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $.  It is sometimes written as BZ$ to be different from other dollars. It is divided into 100 cents. 

Belize
Currency of North America
Venison is the meat of a game animal, normally a  elk or deer.

Venison may be eaten as steaks, tenderloins, roasts, sausages, jerky and minced meat. Venison has less fat than similar cuts of beef.  However, like beef, leaner cuts can be tougher as well.  Venison can be kosher.

References

Meat
The genus Cuniculus has the two species of paca. 

Lowland Paca, Cuniculus paca
Mountain Paca, Cuniculus taczanowskii

Pacas are found from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. They are a source of meat in many places.

Both species of paca eat mainly fruit. Other foods include roots, seeds, leaves, buds, and flowers. In the wild, pacas are herbivores, meaning they eat only plants. In captivity, they are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and flesh. Pacas in zoos eat fruits, vegetables, raw meat, lizards, and insects.

Rodents
Mammals of North America
Mammals of South America
The Open Database License (ODbL) is a copyright license for sharing database contents.  The ODbL is "copyleft" because it makes the copyrighted work easier to share.

The license is provided by the Open Knowledge Foundation.

In September 2012 the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project moved from a Creative Commons license to ODbL.

References

Other websites 
 Open Data Commons, Open Database License

Licenses
Databases
The habanero chili is a type of chili pepper.  Unripe habaneros are green.  They color as they mature. Common colors are orange and red, but white, brown, and pink are also seen. Typically a ripe habanero chili is  long. Habanero chilis are very spicy, rated 100,000–350,000 on the Scoville scale.

The habanero chili comes from the Amazonas region.  From there it was spread in Mexico. The habanero is a perennial flowering plant. With proper care and growing conditions, it can produce flowers (and thus fruit) for many years.

References

Capsicum
The Holy Saturday Cross Country Cycling Classic is a one-day amateur cycling race in Belize. It happens every year during the Easter holidays. It is Belize's biggest cycling event and it has begun to be recognized internationally. The name is usually shortened to the Cross Country Cycling Classic or "Cross Country" for short. The race is about 140 miles long.

Sport in Belize
1928 establishments
1920s establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Belize
Cycle races
Prosthechea cochleata is an orchid that lives in Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, Venezuela, and southern Florida. It is commonly called the Cockleshell Orchid or Clamshell Orchid

Prosthechea cochleata is the national flower of Belize, where it is known as the Black Orchid.

References

Other websites

Orchids
Epiphytes
Big leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a species of plant in the Meliaceae family. It is one of two species with genuine mahogany timber.

The species is also known under other common names, including broad-leaved mahogany, Brazilian mahogany, Honduras mahogany, large-leaved mahogany, genuine mahogany, sky fruit, and tropical American mahogany, among others.

The plant lives in North and South America, and the Caribbean.

Belize
Meliaceae
Trees
The Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) is (a former name of a) part of the United States Air Force Space Command. The Space Command's 45th Space Wing is based at the nearby Patrick Air Force Base. The CCAFS is at Cape Canaveral, Florida. It is next to the Kennedy Space Center which is on Merritt Island. The two facilities have access to the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Skid Strip which is a large  runway for military aircraft bringing heavy and oversize loads. the CCAFS has four active launch pads for space rockets.
Many space missions have been launched from CCAFS. For example:
 Explorer 1 the first U.S. earth satellite (1958)
 MR-3 with Alan Shepard, the first U.S. astronaut (1961)
 Mercury-Atlas 6 with John Glenn, the first U.S. astronaut in orbit (1962)
 Gemini 3, the first two-man U.S. spacecraft (1965)
 Surveyor 1, the first U.S. unmanned lunar landing (1966)
 Apollo 7, the first three-man U.S. spacecraft (1968)
 Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to orbit Mars (1971)
 Mars Pathfinder, the first mission to roam the surface of Mars (1996)
 Pioneer program, the first American spacecraft to orbit and land on Venus (1978)
 Cassini−Huygens, the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn (2004)
 MESSENGER which orbited Mercury (2011).

Related pages 
 Baikonur Cosmodrome
 Kennedy Space Center
 NASA

References 

NASA
United States Air Force
Spaceports