Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
. At the time of the auditions, he was sixteen and was studying for his university entrance exams when he had become an apprentice, so he moved to Korea to begin his training. Prior to that, he studied at High School Attached to Hunan Normal University, where he had been presented as an exceptional student for his achievements.
In 2011, before debuting with EXO, he worked briefly with SHINee during the concert tour, replacing Jonghyun in her dance performance.

Career

2012–2014: Debut with EXO 

Lay became the sixth member of EXO and was formally presented to the public on January 17, 2012, debuting as the fourth Chinese member of the EXO-M subunit. Following the release of the singles "What Is Love" and "History" in 2012, he and the other eleven members celebrated their pre-debut showcase at the Seoul Olympic Stadium on March 31, and a second showcase and press conference in Beijing at the Great Hall of the Beijing University of Business and International Economics. The group officially debuted on April 8, 2012 with their song titled "Mama", and EXO-M's first performance in China was at the 12th Yinyue Fengyun Bang Awards.
In December 2012, Lay joined the musical project S.M. the Performance, along with his bandmate Kai and his colleagues Yunho, Eunhyuk, Donghae, Minho and Taemin. On December 29, the group performed the single "Spectrum", which was released the next day, in 2012 SBS Gayo Daejeon.

In early 2014, Lay composed and performed the song "I'm Lay" for his solo performance during the first EXO tour titled The Lost Planet. Later in 2014, he performed another song titled "I'm Coming" on a special end-of-year TV show on Hunan TV.

2015–2016: Solo debut and acting 
In April 2015, S.M. Entertainment announced that a personal study had been established for Lay's activities in China. In May 2015, he became a cast member of the Chinese program Go Fighting! In June 2015, Lay composed the song "Promise" for the re-release of EXO's second studio album, Love Me Right. He also wrote the lyrics for the Chinese version of the song, while the Korean version was co-written by Chen and Chanyeol.
On September 18, 2015, the limited edition of his autobiography entitled Standing Firm At 24 was published, while the standard edition went on sale on October 7. The book documents important events throughout his life and broke several online sales records selling 68,537 copies in the first twenty-four minutes of pre-sale. With less than three months of sale with 1.4 million copies sold, it obtained the fourth place in "The 10th Chinese Celebrity Writers List", released by the influential Chinese media, WCC Daily, Cover News and Great Star Media, becoming in the youngest author to enter the list. He was also the champion of the 2015 Annual Celebrity Book Sales, and ranked first in Asia's Best Books, twice during his monthly ranking and six times for the weekly list. He was also on the Rakuten list, with 400,000 copies sold within six months, and has received much acclaim and praise from readers.
In November 2015, Lay made his big-screen debut with a supporting role in the Chinese movie Ex Files 2: The Backup Strikes Back, which was a blockbuster, getting two billion in sales within ten days of its release. He later won the Best Supporting Actor Award at the 2016 China Great Britain Film Festival for his performance. He also wrote and recorded an original soundtrack for the film entitled "Alone (One Person)", which reached number one on Baidu Music Chart, and later won the award for the best original soundtrack at 16th Top Chinese Music Awards and 4th V-Chart Awards. Lay also starred in the Chinese film Oh My God and collaborated with his co-stars Coco Jiang Wen and Li Xiaolu on an original soundtrack for the film entitled "Happy Youth", which debuted at number eight on Billboard V Chart.
In January 2016, Lay and the other cast members of Go Fighting! they appeared in the Chinese movie Royal Treasure. In April 2016, he received the Most Popular Newcomer award at the 16th Top Chinese Music Awards. In May 2016, Lay made her debut on the small screen on the Chinese television series To Be A Better Man and released a Chinese song titled "Monodrama" as part of SM Station. Written by Lay and co-composed and arranged with Divine Channel, "Monodrama" broke a record by staying in the first position in YinYueTai VChart for five consecutive weeks.
In May 2016, Lay starred in the Chinese television drama The Mystic Nine, a prequel to The Lost Tomb. The series achieved an unprecedented success, placing first in the television ratings and establishing a record for obtaining several online visits within 24 hours, and has accumulated more than ten billion visits in total. The television series went on to have a secondary story called The Mystic Nine Side Story: Flowers Bloom in February, which focused solely on Lay's character, Er Yue Hong.
In October of 2016, Lay's solo career began with the release of "what U need?" as a surprise gift for his fans on his birthday. The song was ranked number one in China V Chart, as well as in Billboard World Digital Songs and had entered the top 60 of iTunes, making Lay the first Chinese artist to appear on the list. He performed the song for the first time on October 10 at Asia Song Festival in Busan. On October 28, a day after holding a press conference in Shanghai Town & Country Community, Lay released his first mini-album titled Lose Control, which contains six songs in Mandarin, and the music video for the single. Lay participated in the production of the album as a producer, and was personally in charge of the composition, arrangement and writing of the lyrics of each song, as well as the translation of the same lyrics in three other languages including English and Japanese. The single "Lose Control" remained in first place in Billboard China V Chart for six consecutive weeks
. Lose Control broke the record in South Korea by a large majority of sales of a solo artist, with pre-orders surpassing 200,000 copies before the physical album was published, making the number one album in sales. Lay also became the first solo artist to sell more than 40,000 copies of the album within a day and 125,000 after a week of album release. More than a million copies of the digital album have been sold in Xiami. He performed "Lose Control" for the first time on The Show on November 15. Lose Control was a commercial success reaching first place in Gaon Album Chart.
2017–present: Rising popularity and Lay 02 Sheep 
On January 27, 2017, Zhang made his first appearance at the CCTV Spring Gala Festival and presented alongside Chinese actor Jing Boran. In April of that same year, it was confirmed in the cast of the historical film The Founding of the Army, released on July 28, 2017 to mark the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army. In May he released the song "祈愿 (Pray)" for the soundtrack of Operation Love, reaching the top position in QQ Music. Also in May, he participated in the release ceremony of Huawei Nova 2 at the Hunan International Exhibition and Conference Center, where he expressed his gratitude for his continued appointment as Huawei Nova's ambassador. In July 2017, the variety show Go Fighting! premiered its third season, with Zhang in the main cast. He was later revealed as the voice actor of the Chinese dubbing for the main antagonist of the cartoon film Cars 3.
A wax sculpture of him in Madame Tussauds had his exhibition on September 8, 2017 in Beijing. On September 17, 2017, it was confirmed to be or protagonist of drama The Golden Eyes, announced in a pre-release conference. On September 22, S.M. Entertainment revealed a teaser image about his upcoming comeback. On September 25, he released the song "I Need U (需要 你)" as a pre-release track for his first studio album Lay 02 Sheep, digitally released on October 7, 2017, along with the title track "Sheep (羊)".

Image 
On October 10, 2013, the survey on the "Top 10 of Asia's Most Beautiful Men" organized by Youth Entertainment's website reported that Lay ranked at #6 position with more than 27 million votes. In April 2014, Lay was ranked #10 in the annual survey of "The Most Beautiful Man of Asia". In March 2017, the Top Star News did a study to see which hallyu stars were most popular in China between January and February 2017, referring to Weibo hashtags, showing Lay at the top with ten billion views and queries.
Endorsements 
Between 2015-2016, Lay was chosen to be the spokesperson for several brands, in particular Pancoat and Mentos for which he became the first spokesperson in Asia. He also became Asia's first male artist to endorse Vichy, and China's first endorser for Planters. In addition to endorsing the Lay's brands, Olay, Clarisonic, Kangshifu Ice Tea, Tide, Huawei, AirBender, Chushou TV, Tmall and Cornetto.

Philanthropy 
On February 13, 2015, Lay participated in the "LOVE TO GO HOME" community service. The service was carried out by Chinese bicycle company AIMA to help people who were returning home during Lunar New Year holidays on motorcycles. Lay represented all EXO members and handed out hot water bags, handkerchiefs, emergency medicine, ramen, water and toys for everyone. And he also received a plaque from AIMA for help. Lay said:
On October 7, 2015, Lay fans collected money that was donated on their behalf for the construction of a well and a public toilet in a needy village in Cambodia. On October 6, the fan club "DAILYIXING" posted photos of the finished project, including photos of some of the village residents with a sign thanking Lay and wishing him a happy birthday. In addition, the fan club collected used clothing to donate through the OTCAN charity. They also donated money on behalf of Lay to the Coal Briquettes organization for neighbors in Korea, which helps keep the heat needed in the winter by providing them with charcoal briquettes for their heaters.

Discography

Studio album 
 2017: Lay 02 Sheep
 2018: Namanana
 2019: Lit

EP 
 2016: Lose Control
 2017: Winter Special Gift
 2019: Honey
 2021: East
 2022: West

Filmography

Movies

Television

Web dramas

Bibliography

Awards and nominations

References
References 

1991 births
Dancers
Chinese television actors
Chinese singer-songwriters
Exo members
Living people
Chinese movie actors
Chinese musicians
Early years 
Chanyeol was born November 27, 1992 in Seoul, South Korea. After watching the film School of Rock in elementary school, Chanyeol became interested in music and began to play drums. During his teenage years, he studied at Hyundai Senior High School in Apgujeong-dong. He participated in the band of his school, Siren. When he was in his first year of high school, Chanyeol formed a band with his best friends, Heavy Noise, having played in it for three years. At the age of sixteen, he was accepted into a private acting university. In the same year, he reached second position Smart Model Contest and became a trainee of S.M. Entertainment. Also in 2008, he participated in the clip "HaHaHa Song" of his companion of company TVXQ. The following year, she appeared in the Japanese version of the video "Genie" of the group Girls' Generation. He went on to dream of being a singer after listening to the song "Unconditional Kismet" of songwriter and music producer Yoo Young-jin.

Career
Career

2012─2014: Early career 
On February 22, 2012, Chanyeol was officially introduced as one of the twelve members of the original formation of the South Korean-Chinese group EXO. The group debuted on April 8 of the same year with the release of extended play MAMA. In April 2012, he participated in the music video for the song "Twinkle", debut single from the first sub-unit of Girls 'Generation,Girls' Generation-TTS. In October 2013, Chanyeol joined the cast of SBS's Law of the Jungle reality show during filming in Micronesia. He also composed and recorded a soundtrack titled "Last Hunter" for the show.

In 2014, Chanyeol wrote the rap of the Korean version of the "Run" track of EXO's extended extended play, Overdose, and participated in the debut EPs of his companions Henry and Zhou Mi. In May 2014, he became a regular cast member of the first season of the SBS's Roommate reality show. He left the program in September of the same year because of scheduling conflicts.
2015─present: Debut as an actor and compositions 
In April 2015, Chanyeol made his film debut with South Korean film Salut d'Amour alongside actress Moon Ga-young, who later co-starred with him on the EXO Next Door web drama. In June of 2015, cast-wrote the Korean version of the track "Promise" of the reissue of the success of sales EXODUS, titled Love Me Right, next to its companions of group Chen and Lay. He later wrote the rap for "Lightsaber", the EXO promotional single for Star Wars: The Force Awakening, which was later included in the band's extended play Sing for You.
In April 2016, Chanyeol wrote and performed rap for the song "Confession" of Yesung's debut EP, Here I Am. On EXO's third studio album, EX'ACT, released in May 2016, he co-wrote the lyrics for the track "Heaven." In June 2016, Chanyeol starred with actresses Yuan Shanshan and Seohyun in the South Korean-Chinese film So I Married an Anti-fan. He and Yuan Shanshan also recorded a duet titled "I Hate You" as the soundtrack for the film. In October 2016, Chanyeol and singer Tinashe participated in the song "Freal Luv" by artists Far East Movement and Marshmello. The song, which he helped write and produce, was released on October 14. In December 2016, she collaborated with singer Punch on the song "Stay With Me," part of the soundtrack for the Goblin drama.

In January of 2017, Chanyeol participated in the drama Missing 9. On February 22, he released a duet titled "Let Me Love You" with Junggigo.

Discography

Songs

Songwriting and producing credits

Filmography

Films

Television dramas

Television shows
Television shows

Music videos

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

Other websites

 Instagram

South Korean singers
1992 births
Living people
Exo members
Byun Baek-hyun (Hangul: 변백현; Hanja:卞白贤; born May 6, 1992) is a South Korean singer, dancer, actor, and TV presenter. He is best known solely by his first name Baekhyun. As a member of the boy band Exo, his role is to dance and sing the most important parts of the songs.

Biography 
Byun Baek-hyun was born in Bucheon, Gyeonggi Province on May 6, 1992. He has an older brother named Baek-beom. Baek-beom is seven years older than Baek-hyun.

Byun began training to be a singer at age 11. He had been influenced by Rain—another K-pop idol who was most popular in the 2000s. He attended Jungwon High School in Bucheon. He was the lead singer of a band called Coma (상태 상태) there. Coma once won at a local music festival. Kim Hyun-woo (from a rock band called DickPunks) eventually gave the young Byun piano lessons.

Byun also had interests outside music. He was a martial artist as a teenager and obtained a black belt in Hapkido.
Baekhyun was discovered by an agent of S.M. Entertainment when he was practicing his admission exams for the Seoul Institute of Arts. He then joined the company under the S.M. Casting System in 2011.

He and his bandmates Chanyeol and Suho attended Kyung Hee Cyber University. Byun took online classes at the Culture and Arts Department of Business Administration.

Career

2012–2015: Debut and early career 

Baekhyun was the last member to join Exo. He was the ninth member of the group to be revealed on January 30, 2012.

In February 2014, Baekhyun and Suho became regular hosts for Inkigayo — a music show that airs on SBS TV. They left the program in November to focus on Exo's comeback. In July, Baekhyun ventured into musical theater. He was cast the lead role of Don Lockwood in Singin' in the Rain. The South Korean production that he was in was done by SM C&C.
In April 2015, Baekhyun released its first song solo since its debut titled "Beautiful" like the soundtrack of the drama EXO Next Door. The song became the first soundtrack of a web drama that was within the best positions of several musical lists. In May 2015, Baekhyun was announced that it would be the protagonist of the action film Dokgo alongside actor Yeo Jin-goo. However, the film's production was announced to be canceled in January 2016. In December 2015, Baekhyun paid a tribute to the late South Korean singer Kim Hyun-sik performing his song "Like Rain Like Music" on SBS Gayo Daejeon's end-of-year music program. The recording of a song performed by Baekhyun was digitally published.

2016–present: Acting roles and Exo-CBX
In January 2016, Baekhyun and Suzy of Miss A performed a duet entitled "Dream". The song quickly reached the best position in the music charts after it positioned itself in the first place of Gaon Digital Chart. "Dream" also won five times the first place in Music Bank and Inkigayo. In April 2016, Baekhyun received a YinYueTai V-Chart award for being the Most Popular Singer in South Korea. In May 2016, Baekhyun and South Korean singer K.Will released a duet titled "The Day" as part of SM Station.
In August 2016, Baekhyun made his acting debut on the small screen in the historical drama Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo, a South Korean adaptation of the Chinese novel Bu Bu Jing Xin. For his performance in the drama, received a prize like New Star in 2016 SBS Drama Awards. He also collaborated with his labelmates Chen and Xiumin on a soundtrack titled "For You" for the drama. In October 2016, along with Chen and Xiumin, Baekhyun became a member of the first official EXO unit, EXO-CBX. His debut was on October 31 with the release of the extended play Hey Mama!. In November 2016, Baekhyun began to participate S.M. Entertainment's League of Legends tournament "2016 S.M. Super Celeb League", where he and his labelmate, Heechul, played with professional players and fans from China and South Korea.
In February 2017, Baekhyun and Soyou of Sistar released a duet titled "Rain" The song peaked at number one on several music charts and achieved an achievement known as "all-kill", making it the first artist of S.M. to achieve an "all-kill" in 2016 and 2017 with "Dream" and "Rain", respectively. In April 2017, Baekhyun released a single titled "Take You Home" for the second season of SM Station. The song was positioned in the twelve position of Gaon Digital Chart.

Discography

Singles 

Notes

Filmography

Dramas

Television shows

Music videos

Theatre

Awards and nominations
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Awards
! Category
! Nominated work
! Result
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2016
| 4th YinYueTai V-Chart Awards
| Most Popular Singer 
| rowspan="2" 
| 
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1st Asia Artist Awards
| Popularity Award (Actor)
|
|-
|Best Rookie Award
| Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo|
|-
|rowspan="2"|8th Melon Music Awards
| Best R&B/Soul with Suzy
| rowspan="4" |
|
|-
| Song of the Year with Suzy
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|18th Mnet Asian Music Awards
| Best Collaboration with Suzy
|
|-
| HotelsCombined – Song of the Year with Suzy
|
|-
|SBS Drama Awards
|New Star Award
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
| rowspan="2" |31st Golden Disk Awards
|Digital Bonsang with Suzy
| rowspan="3" |
|
|-
|Asian Choice Popularity Award with  Suzy
|
|-
|6th Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards
|Artist of the Year (Digital) – January with Suzy
|
|-
|2017
|53rd Baeksang Arts Awards
| Most Popular Actor (TV)
|rowspan="2"|Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo|
|}

 Music programs Music BankInkigayo''

References

Other websites

 Instagram
Instagram

1992 births
Living people
South Korean singers
Exo members
K-pop singers
Lù Hán (hanja: 鹿晗; hangul: 루한; born April 20, 1990 in Haidian) better known by mononym Luhan,He is still single and not yet married. He is a Chinese singer. He was former member of EXO in December 2011, officially debuting in April 2012, and in October 2014, left the group after filing a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment to reverse its exclusivity agreement.

In December 2014, China National Radio ranked Luhan in sixth place among the top 10 most popular entertainment stars in the country. He began his career as an actor in the film 20 Once Again, released in January 2015. In May of 2015, it appeared in 37th position of the richest celebrities of Forbes China. Luhan  made his debut as a solo artist with the release of his first extended play, titled Reloaded I, on September 14, 2015. He became the first celebrity born after the 1990s to be named the "Artist of the Year" by China Newsweek in 2016.
Early years 
Luhan was born in Haidian, Beijing, China, on April 20, 1990. He graduated from Beijing Shida Middle School and attended the Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School before leaving for South Korea to attend Yonsei University as an exchange student. In 2008, he auditioned for JYP Entertainment's worldwide audition in China, but did not pass the audition. While studying in Seoul, he was observed by an S.M. Entertainment agent, who advised him to do a successful audition for the agency, being placed in a dormitory with other SM interns, and trained in singing, dancing, and acting.

Career

2011─2014: Early career
Luhan was the second member of EXO to be formally presented to the public on December 27, 2011. Along with Tao, Chen, and Kai, he made his first television performance at the SBS Gayo Daejun event on December 29 of the same year. The group's first single, "What Is Love," was released on January 30, 2012. The group released their second single, titled "History" on March 9. The pre-show showcase of the group was held at the Seoul Olympic Stadium on March 31, 2012, one hundred days after the launch of the first trailer of its debut on December 21, 2011. The showcase was held for about 3,000 fans ff 8,000 selected candidates to watch their performances. The group held a press conference and showed their performances at the Great Hall of the University of Economics and International Business in Beijing, China on April 1, 2012. On April 24, along with D.O., Baekhyun, Chen, BoA, Kangta, TVXQ, Taeyeon, Yesung, Jonghyun and Luna, released a song for the soundtrack of the film I AM., titled "Dear My Family"
. On August 23, 2012, S.M. Entertainment announced that Luhan would perform with BoA in the song "Only One," for the August 24 episode of Music Bank. Luhan became the fourth to perform with the singer after Yunho, Eunhyuk, Taemin and Sehun.
On October 16 of the same year, it was announced that he would participate in the 6-member dance group Younique Unit, alongside Eunhyuk, Hyoyeon, Taemin, Henry Lau and Kai performing the veloster theme song titled "Maxstep" for the album PYL Younique Album, being a collaboration album between S.M. Entertainment and Hyundai. A video teaser of the song was shown on the PYL Younique Show the next day. The song was officially released on October 31, 2012.
On June 23, 2013, he participated in the Chinese team for a football match at the 2013 Asian Dream Cup in Shanghai. In January 2014, he participated in the Idol Star Athletics Championship. On April 23, 2014, he was cast in the cast of 20 Once Again, directed by East Chen. A representative from SM told Newsen: "Luhan was confirmed in 20 Once Again. At the moment we're adjusting the shooting times". The film is a Chinese version of the Korean film, Miss Granny, in which an old lady returns to be young, and premiered in January of 2015. On August 13, 2014, a post by Luhan on his official Weibo account reached over 13 million comments, thus entering the "Guinness World Records" as the person who has the most comments in a Weibo post. On August 19, S.M. Entertainment posted a photo of Luhan with his "Guinness World Records" certificate and a world record holder medal. On October 10 of the same year, he filed a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment to cancel its exclusivity agreement, mainly due to health problems
. Still in October, he starred in the remake of the music video for "The Last Game" made for EXO 90:2014. On December 1, he released the song "Our Tomorrow" for the soundtrack of 20 Once Again. The song peaked number one position on Baidu Music Chart.
On January 26, 2015, it was announced that Luhan would sing the theme song for the release of the movie Comrades: Almost a Love Story, in China. The song titled "Tian Mi Mi," was officially released on February 3. On January 28, it was announced that the South Korean film Blind would win a Chinese version, titled The Witness, starring Luhan. The film was released in China on October 30 of the same year. In February of 2015, appeared in the movie 12 Golden Ducks. On March 11, Legendary Entertainment announced that Luhan would be cast in The Great Wall, directed by Zhang Yimou along with Matt Damon, Andy Lau and Pedro Pascal. The film was released by China Film Group in China on December 15, 2016, and in the United States on February 17, 2017 by Universal. On May 27, 2015, it was revealed that Luhan and Taiwanese singer David Tao had recorded the theme song for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The song titled "Please Come to the Great Wall to Ski" had its music video released in July 2015
. On August 28, he became a fixed member of the Chinese version of Running Man program, titled Hurry Up, Brother. On September 11, Luhan was confirmed in the movie version of the popular web drama The Lost Tomb, titled Time Raiders, playing Wu Xie. Released by Le Vision Pictures on August 5, 2016.
On September 14, he released his first mini-album titled Reloaded I, along with the title track "That Good Good", via QQ Music Charts. The album sold 880,000 copies on the first day, the highest number of sales recorded on the first day of official release, and also reached more than one million sales at QQ Music, setting the record for faster digital album sales. Days later he released the song "Your Song". Still in September Lu Han broke his own record on Guinness World Records as the person with the highest amount of comments in a Weibo post, surpassing 87 million comments. On October 14, 2015, he released the song "Medals" as a single and soundtrack for the movie The Witness. Being released on iTunes on November 4 of the same year, debuting at number one position on the China V Chart as well as Billboard Hot 100, making it the first single in Mandarin to come in last. Also in October he released the single "Football Gang"
. In early November he released the music video for the song "Promises", being released as a single days later. On December 1 he released the mini-album Reloaded II, containing the songs "Lu" and "Deep". The song "Deep" was also included in the soundtrack of Kung Fu Panda 3. He released his first studio album, titled Reloaded, on December 22, 2015. The album topped the Tower Records chart in Japan, and became the only album from mainland China to enter the Top 5 of Taiwan's G-Music chart.
On January 6, 2016, he released the song "The Inner Force" for the soundtrack of Star Wars: The Force Awakens, debuting at number two on the China V Chart. On February 16 of the same year, he released the mini-album Reloaded+, along with the title track "Excited". In March of the same year he released the music video for the song "Adventure Time". On March 26, 2016, Luhan began his first solo tour, titled Luhan Reloaded: 2016 Luhan 1st China Tour, in Beijing and Guangzhou on April 2, and Shanghai on April 9 of the same year. In June 2016, he landed the lead role of Chen Changsheng in the Hunan Television series, Fighter of The Destiny. On October 21 of the same year, he released the Xperience mini-album, with the title track "Catch Me When I Fall". In December 2016, he made an appearance in the film See You Tomorrow. In December On December 27, he released the mini-album Xplore, along with the songs "Winter Song" and "Skin to Skin". With his music videos released in January 2017.
2017–present: Venture and Imagination 
In 2017, Luhan will be starring in his first television drama, Fighter of the Destiny, a series of wuxia fantasy. In February of the same year he was also cast for the film 5 Centimeters Per Second adapted from the Japanese novel of the same name. On January 21, it officially launched the single digital album Venture along with the single "What If I Said" on QQ Music, KuGou Music and Kuwo Music, selling 60,000 copies in just 3 minutes and 160,000 in 10 minutes. The song "Roleplay" was released as a single on February 27. He released the mini-album Imagination on April 19, 2017, accompanied by songs "On Call" and "Say It".

Image 

On October 10, 2013, the survey on the "Top 10 of Asia's Most Beautiful Men" organized by Youth Entertainment's website reported that Luhan was chosen as Asia's most handsome man 2013 with over 40 million votes.
On May 11, 2015, it was the cover of Forbes China magazine, where it ranked 37th among the richest celebrities for making a profit of 28.5 million yuan (about $ 4.6 million). In the edition, Forbes described Luhan as: "In less than five months, attracted the most attention by the Chinese entertainment industry, becoming a new force on the rise." Also in May, Models.com selected Luhan as one of their "Five Faces of China", which were chosen for their innovative talent, creativity and originality. The site describes him as the "reigning king of the idol scene" being one of the most famous in the world, and credits his fame partially to his "army of fans." And that although Luhan is constantly followed by the eyes of millions of fans (especially in social media), he remains humble
. In July 2015, during the press conference of The Great Wall, Matt Damon revealed that he was impressed by Luhan's popularity, saying, "I think the first night we started filming there were about 400 flower arrangements that they came to Luhan all the way down to the hotel."
Endorsements 
In April 2014, endorsed commercial to Chinese cosmetics company KanS. During 2015, he starred in campaigns for the French cosmetics company L'Oréal, as well as endorsing for Baidu Maps OPPO's R7 Plus, Lenovo, KFC and Sony. He became the first Asian artist to endorse for Puma. In December 2015, Luhan was introduced as the official Star Wars ambassador to China. He released a single titled "The Inner Force", which is the official Chinese theme song for Star Wars: The Force Awakens. In May 2016, he became a spokesman for Volkswagen. In July of the same year, it became the face of Cartier SA.

Controversies
On February 5, 2015, S.M. Entertainment released an official statement that stated that Luhan had left the EXO without permission and announced that the company had filed lawsuits against not only Luhan but also the advertisers who used it as a spokesperson. According to Chinese entertainment source Sina Entertainment, a representative of Luhan issued an official statement on February 6 on allegations made in the lawsuit filed against S.M. Entertainment. The representative said: "We are launching this official statement in order to clarify the truth and protect the reputation of Luhan. SM filed a lawsuit for the Shanghai courts, claiming that 'Luhan has been participating in activities in China without permission.' However, according to the rules of jurisdiction, SM has no right to bring a lawsuit over [Luhan's] exclusive contract to a Chinese court. In fact, the courts do not have jurisdiction in Shanghai [on this matter]
." He continues: "The results of [our] investigation show that SM sued an advertiser affiliated with Luhan for copyright infringement. This does not correspond with the reasons given for their actions [SM]. The statement that SM issued through the press is misleading. The SM is aware of the reasons behind the filing [of its annulment] of its [Luhan] exclusive contract, but in its statement, the company said that luhan was unethical when leaving the company without any legitimate reason. "To say that he [Luhan] left EXO for no reason other than his own gain "is a malicious attempt to defame Luhan." The statement concludes with: "In order to protect your legitimate rights and interests, we will take legal action against all the full reports Which defame Luhan's reputation."
Others 
In May 2016, it was revealed that Luhan was banned from entering Taiwan for five years. Several Chinese media reported that Luhan went into hot waters after filming for Chinese variety show Back to School in Taiwan with a tourist visa. A tourist visa prohibits a person from working in the country in which he or she is visiting. In June of 2016, he was filmed screaming with a taxi driver, after being followed during the filming of a series.

Discography 

 Studio album
 2015: Reloaded

 EPs
 2015: Reloaded I
 2016: Reloaded+

Filmography

Film

Television

Variety

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 Instagram

Chinese singers
1990 births
Living people
"4 in the Morning" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her second studio album The Sweet Escape (2006). It was written by Stefani and co-written and produced by Tony Kanal and was released on May 8, 2007. Whilst writing the song, Stefani was pregnant with her first child and listened to songs sung by Roberta Flack and Billy Idol.

Background and writing

"4 in the Morning" was written by Stefani and Kanal after Stefani finished her Harajuku Lovers Tour in 2005. The song was influenced by songs from Stefani's debut album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). Stefani listened to ballads sung by Roberta Flack and Billy Idol. Stefani also said that "4 in the Morning" was one of her favorite songs from the album.

Track listings
UK and German CD single
"4 in the Morning" (Album Version) – 4:51
"4 in the Morning" (Thin White Duke Edit) – 4:55
Australian and German CD maxi single
"4 in the Morning" (Album Version) – 4:51
"4 in the Morning" (Thin White Duke Edit) – 4:55
"4 in the Morning" (Oscar the Punk Remix) – 5:41
"4 in the Morning" (video) – 4:24

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Sweet Escape

 Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
 Andrew Alekel – recording
 Matt Beck – guitar
 Greg Collins – additional vocal production, guitar, recording
 Pete Davis – additional keyboards, additional mix programming
 Alex Dromgoole – assistant engineering
 David Emery – assistant engineering

 Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
 Neil Kanal – programming, recording
 Tony Kanal – keyboards, production, programming, songwriting
 Gabrial McNair – keyboards
 Colin Mitchell – recording
 Dror Mohar – assistant engineering
 Mark "Spike" Stent – additional production, mixing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2006 songs
2007 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Pop songs
R&B songs
Kirchdorf is a municipality of the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Gelterfingen, Mühledorf and Noflen merged into the municipality of Kirchdorf.

References

Other websites 

 
 Kirchgemeinde Kirchdorf  http://www.kirchdorf.ch/

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Kirchenthurnen was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, the former municipalities of Kirchenthurnen, Lohnstorf and Mühlethurnen merged to form the new municipality of Thurnen.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Former municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Kirchlindach is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Chiggiogna is a village and former municipality of the district Leventina in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

On 29 January 2006 the former municipalities of Calonico, Chiggiogna and Rossura merged into the municipality of Faido.

Former municipalities of Ticino
Villages in Ticino
Diesbach is a village and former municipality in the canton of Glarus, Switzerland.

On 1 January 2004 the former municipalities of Diesbach and Hätzingen merged into the municipality of Luchsingen.

Former municipalities of Glarus
Villages in Glarus
2004 disestablishments in Switzerland
Pesaro is a city and comune in the Marche region, central Italy. It is the capital of the province of Pesaro and Urbino, on the Adriatic Sea. It is the second most populous city in the Marche, after Ancona.

Geography
Pesaro is on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. The city is between two small hills: the Monte Ardizio to the southeast, and the Colle San Bartolo to the northwest where is the Parco naturale regionale del Monte San Bartolo. The Foglia river flows through the city.

The comune of Pesaro has an area of  and its altitude is .

Pesaro borders with the  comuni Fano, Gabicce Mare, Gradara, Mombaroccio, Monteciccardo, Montelabbate, Tavullia and Vallefoglia (a small part).

Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Pesaroː

 Borgo Santa Maria
 Candelara
 Case Bruciate
 Casteldimezzo
 Cattabrighe
 Colombarone
 Fiorenzuola di Focara
 Ginestreto
 Novilara
 Ponte Valle
 Pozzo Alto
 Santa Maria dell'Arzilla
 Santa Marina
 Santa Veneranda
 Trebbiantico
 Tre Ponti
 Villa Ceccolini
 Villa Fastiggi
Population
There are 94,813 persons living in the comune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

The people from this comune are known, in Italian, as pesaresi.

Twinned towns

Pesaro is twinned with:

  Nanterre, France
  Watford, UK
  Rovinj, Croatia
  Ljubljana, Slovenia
  Rafah, Palestine
  Keita, Niger
  Qinhuangdao, China

Gallery

References

Other websites

Pesaro official website  

Cities in Pesaro and Urbino
Capital cities in Italy
Gylfi Þór Sigurðsson (born 9 September 1989 in Reykjavik, Iceland) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. He currently plays for the Premier League club Everton and the Iceland national team. He has also previously played for Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar, Breiðablik UBK, Reading, Shrewsbury Town, Crewe Alexandra, TSG 1899 Hoffenheim and the Tottenham Hotspurs. He has great long-range shooting abilities.

In July 2021 he was arrested in Manchester on suspicion of child sexual grooming. He was later released on bail subject to ongoing investigations.

Career statistics

Club

 Other – Football League Trophy

International

International goals
As of match played 18 June 2016. Iceland score listed first, score column indicates score after each Gylfi goal.

Honours
Honours 

Premier League Player of the Month: March 2012
Football League Championship Player of the Month: March 2010
Reading Player of the Season: 2009–10
Hoffenheim Player of the Season: 2010–11
Premierleague.com Users' Team of the Season: 2014–15
Icelandic Footballer of the Year: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
Icelandic Sportsperson of the Year: 2013

References

Other websites 
Player's profile KSI.is 

1989 births
Icelandic footballers
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Living people
Iceland at UEFA Euro 2016
Kleindietwil was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011, Kleindietwil and Leimiswil were merged with the municipality of Madiswil.

Gallery

References

Other websites

Former municipalities in Oberaargau
Köniz () is a city in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It has population of 38,793 inhabitants (2008), the municipality is one of the 15 most populous cities in Switzerland.

The official language of Köniz is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemmanic Swiss German dialect.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Konolfingen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Koppigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Koppigen 

Municipalities in Emmental
Bettingen (Swiss German: Bettige) is a municipality in the canton of Basel-Stadt in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Bettingen  

Municipalities of Basel-Stadt
Riehen (Swiss German: Rieche) is a municipality of the canton of Basel-Stadt in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Riehen  

Municipalities of Basel-Stadt
Cities in Switzerland
Ragnar Sigurðsson (born 19 June 1986 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as centre back. He currently plays for the Russian Premier League club Krasnodar and the Iceland national football team. He has previously played for Fylkir, IFK Göteborg and F.C. Copenhagen. He was included in Iceland's UEFA Euro 2016 squad.

Statistics

CLub

International goals

Honours 

IFK Göteborg
Allsvenskan: 2007
Svenska Cupen: 2008
Svenska Supercupen: 2008

Copenhagen
Danish Superliga: 2012–13
Danish Cup: 2011–12

References

Other websites 

  Profile at FC Copenhagen 

1986 births
Icelandic footballers
Living people
Jón Daði Böðvarsson (born 25 May 1992 in Selfoss, Iceland) is an Icelandic footballer who currently plays as a right winger. He plays for the Bundesliga club 1. FC Kaiserslautern and the Iceland national team. He previously played for UMF Selfoss and Viking FK. He was included in Iceland's UEFA Euro 2016 squad.

Statistics

International goals

References

Other websites 
Profile on KSÍ's official website.
Profile  at Viking FK website

1992 births
Icelandic footballers
Iceland at UEFA Euro 2016
Background 
Following his success at the Second Battle of Bull Run (also called the Second Battle of Manassas), Lee made plans to invade the North.  Lee thought that if he took the Civil War to the Union states, a major victory might convince Great Britain and France to support the South. He also thought it would make the North sue for peace. This would insure the Confederate States of America could remain an independent country. Lee led his Army of Northern Virginia into Maryland on September 4, 1862. He concentrated his army at Frederick, Maryland, about  northwest of Washington, D.C. The story of the lost order 191 and the events of early September 1862 revolve around two sheets of paper.
Lee's army was camped near Frederick on September 7. General J.E.B. Stuart's three cavalry brigades had been given the task of forming a screen (protective line) between the encampment and the Union Army to their east.  Lee met with his generals suggesting to James Longstreet that he should surround Harpers Ferry Armory and attack the large Union garrison which was threatening their supply lines to their rear. Longstreet objected saying his troops needed rest from the long march. He also pointed out it was a bad idea to split Lee's forces when they were so close to the enemy. If the Union army discovered Lee had weakened his main force, they might attack in force. Once rested, organized and fully supplied, Lee's army could do what it wanted. After the meeting, Longstreet assumed Lee had given up the risky Harpers Ferry scheme. A day or two later, Longstreet entered Lee's tent. He found Lee and General Stonewall Jackson finalizing the plan to attack Harpers Ferry
. Longstreet realized the plan had gone ahead without him. Reluctantly, he went along with the plan. On September 9, Lee wrote out the details of the plan in Special Order 191.
Order 191 text 

Each of Lee's commanders received a copy of the handwritten order. Hill already had been sent a copy of the order from Lee. He did not know a second copy had been sent to him from Jackson. This is the copy that was lost.

Lost order found 
On September 13, while about  south of Frederick, Maryland, Corporal Barton W. Mitchell of the 27th Indiana Volunteers (Union Army) found a bundle of cigars wrapped inside some paper. The paper turned out to be Special Order 191. The field had recently been occupied by Confederate General Hill and the order was addressed to General Hill. He gave the order to his sergeant who passed it up the chain of command to General McClellan. The division's adjutant general, Samuel Pittman, was able to confirm it was the handwriting of his former colleague before the war, Robert Chilton, who was Lee's adjutant general. It was in McClellan's hands the same day.
Lee had about 50,000 soldiers to McClellan's 85,000. But McClellan thought Lee had 100,000 troops and was extremely reluctant to engage him. McClellan now had a chance to destroy Lee's Army of Northern Virginia while it was weak and divided, if he acted quickly. This unexpected piece of valuable information led the usually overcautious McClellan to commit his forces on September 14 resulting in the Battle of South Mountain.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Special Orders 191, YouTube
 Brooke Tyler Higgins, Three Cigars, Cedarville University 

American Civil War
Maryland Campaign
1862 in the United States
September 1862 events
Birkir Már Sævarsson (born 11 November 1984 in Reykjavik, Iceland) is an Icelandic footballer who can play as a right fullback, right winger, left fullback or center back. He currently plays for the Swedish club Hammarby Fotboll and the Iceland national football team. He was included in Iceland's UEFA Euro 2016 squad.

Statistics

International goals

Honours 

Icelandic Premier League: 2007
Icelandic Cup: 2005
Icelandic League Cup: 2008

References

Other websites 

Birkir Már Sævarsson at National-Football-Teams.com

1984 births
Icelandic footballers
Hannes Þór Halldórsson (born 27 April 1984 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the Iceland national football team and Bodø/Glimt, on loan from the Norwegian club NEC Nijmegen. He has also played for Leiknir Reykjavík, Ungmennafélagið Afturelding, Stjarnan, Knattspyrnufélagið Fram, Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, SK Brann, Sandnes Ulf and N.E.C.. Hannes has found some work as a film director when not playing football. He was included in Iceland's UEFA Euro 2016 squad.

International career

He took part in the 2018 FIFA World Cup and saved Lionel Messi's penalty kick against Argentina which later ended 1-1.

References

Other websites 

 Profile on KSÍ's website
 Hannes Þór Halldórsson  – FIFA competition record

1984 births
Icelandic footballers
Movie directors
Iceland at UEFA Euro 2016
Krattigen is a municipality of the administrative district Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Frutigen-Niedersimmental
Ermensee is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Hochdorf
Hätzingen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Glarus, Switzerland.

On 1 January 2004 the former municipalities of Hätzingen and Diesbach merged into the municipality of Luchsingen.

Villages in Glarus
Former municipalities of Glarus
2004 disestablishments in Switzerland
Glarus Nord is a municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011, the former municipalities of Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.

Glarus Nord is one of three municipalities of the canton of Glarus, the others being Glarus and Glarus Süd.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Glarus Nord 

Municipalities of Glarus
Cities in Switzerland
2011 establishments in Switzerland
Myco-heterotrophy is a relationship between certain plants and fungi. The plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism on fungi, not from photosynthesis. 

In the past, non-photosynthetic plants were thought to get food by breaking down organic matter like fungi do. Such plants were therefore called "saprophytes". That was wrong. It is now known that no plant is physiologically capable of direct breakdown of organic matter. 

To get food, non-photosynthetic plants engage in parasitism, by myco-heterotrophy or direct parasitism of other plants.

The interface between the plant and fungal partners in this association is between the roots of the plant and the mycelium of the fungus. Myco-heterotrophy therefore closely resembles mycorrhiza, and is thought to have evolved from mycorrhiza.

References 

Parasitic plants
Fungi
Ecology
Plant physiology
Suet is the hard white fat that surrounds internal organs, especially the kidneys.

It is available to buy ready prepared, in which case it is mixed with flour to stop it melting at room temperature.

Food ingredients