Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Although many words and phrases used in Classical Chinese have been replaced by words and phrases made up of different characters in Standard Chinese, many of the characters that were common in Classical Chinese can be found in modern Chinese words and phrases as well as retain their meanings. For example, while the word "to eat" is 食 (shí) in Classical Chinese, it is 吃 (chī) in Standard Chinese. However, the character 食 is still found in words related to food and eating like 食品 (shípĭn), which is the Standard Chinese word for "food". The chart below compares Classical Chinese words to the Standard Chinese words that replaced them. 

Many modern Chinese words and phrases either came from northern dialects or are loanwords from other languages such as Mongolian or Korean.
Due to the changes of the spoken Chinese over the centuries, spoken Chinese lost many sounds that existed in older dialects, and therefore many words in Classical Chinese were beginning to sound too much like each other. Although documents written in Classical Chinese can be reasonably understood by someone who can read Chinese, they can be very difficult to understand when they are read aloud. One-syllable articles, or poems written in Classical Chinese in which every word in the poem is pronounced by the same syllable, are perfect examples that how impractical Classic is as a spoken language. The title of one poem 施氏食狮史 (Shī Shì Shí Shī Shǐ), known as the "Lion-Eating Poet of the Stone Den" in English, literally translates to "The Story of Shi Shi Eating Lions". Every single word of the poem is pronounced "shi", even though they have different tones. If the title were to be translated into Standard Chinese, it be read something like 施氏吃狮子的史诗 (Shī Shì chī shīzi de shǐshī).
Structurally, words in Classical Chinese tend to be much simpler because they are usually made up of one Chinese character, while in Standard Chinese most words are made of two to four characters. This is so that the writer can write what they want to write using as few characters as possible. Examples are found below.

Once again, due to the merging of Chinese sounds, extra characters are added to words in Standard Chinese to distinguish similar-sounding words that would otherwise be impossible to tell apart.

Examples of phrases in Classical Chinese is Confucius's famous quote 有教無類 (yǒu jiào wú lèi), which roughly translates to, "In education, there should be no class distinction."

References

Chinese language
Marc Janko (born 25 June 1983 in Vienna) is an Austrian football striker. He plays for Twente Enschede in the  Dutch Eredivisie. He is the son of Eva Janko who won a medal in the 1968 Summer Olympics.
Club career
He started in the youth ranks of Admira Wacker Mödling and became a professional player in 2002 for this club. In 2005 he went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. For Salzburg he scored 75 goals in 108 matches. The 2007/08 season was bad because he was injured most of the time. His most successful season was 2008/09 when he scored 39 goals in the league (and 9 assists). This was the club record. The old record was Oliver Bierhoff's. Janko reached it after half the season of the season (25 goals). In the match against SC Altachhe he scored all 4 goals in the 4:3 victory, when he came on in the second half. Only Hans Krankl scored more goals in a single season (41). Although many clubs were interested, he signed again with Red Bull Salzburg. 2010 he went to FC Twente in the Dutch Eredivisie where he scored 14 goals in 29 matches in his first year with the club.
International career
He plays for the Austrian national football team. In 20 matches he scored 7 goals. His first match was in 2006 against Croatia.

Honours

Club

Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Football Bundesliga: 2006-07, 2008-09, 2009-10

FC Twente Runner up Eredivisie: 2011KNVB Cup: 2011
 Johan Cruijff Schaal: 2011

IndividualAustrian Football Bundesliga Topscorer: 2008-09 (39 goals)
 Footballer of the year: 2008
 VdF-Fußballer des Jahres (Bruno):''' 2009

Other websites 

 Official website - Marc Janko
 Player profile - Red Bulls Salzburg
Players profile-FC Twente 

1983 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Austrian football forwards
Austrian Football Bundesliga top scorers
Austrian football champions
The 2010–11 season is Manchester United's 19th season in the Premier League.

In September, Nemanja Vidić named as Manchester United's new captain.

Pre-season 
Manchester United started their season with a tour in North America for the first time since 2004.

Transfers

In

Loan out

New deal

Retired

Community Shield 
Community Shield is match between the champions of Premier League and the champions of the FA Cup.

Premier League

Champions League

Squad

Squad statistics

References 

Football seasons
2011 in association football
2010 in association football
2010 in England
2011 in England
2010s in Manchester
Exergaming or exer-gaming (a portmanteau of "exercise" (moving the body) and "gaming") is a word used for video games that are also a form of exercise. Exergaming is based upon technology that records body movement. The game type has been credited with promoting an active lifestyle. Exergames are seen as coming from technology changes with the purpose of making videogames more fun.

https://exercisehealthcoach.com/exergaming-the-fun-way-to-stay-fit-and-healthy/=== How to Get Started with Exergaming ===

1. Choose Your Platform 
Exergames are available on various platforms, including consoles, smartphones, and virtual reality systems. Popular console options include Nintendo Switch, Xbox, and PlayStation, while smartphone users can find countless exergaming apps on both Android and iOS. Virtual reality systems like Oculus Quest and PlayStation VR also offer immersive exergaming experiences.
2. Select Your Games 
Once you've chosen your platform, explore the available exergames to find ones that appeal to you. Consider your fitness goals, interests, and preferred intensity level when making your selection.

3. Set Up Your Space 
Ensure you have enough space to move comfortably during your workouts. For console-based exergames, you may need a TV, a gaming console, and potentially additional accessories like motion controllers or a gaming mat. Smartphone-based exergames often require just your phone and a comfortable area to move in, while VR exergaming will need a VR headset and adequate room to move without obstacles.

4. Start Slow and Progress Gradually 
Like any new workout routine, it's crucial to start slow and progress gradually. Begin with lower-intensity workouts and shorter sessions, then increase the difficulty and duration as you become more comfortable and build endurance.

References 

Video games
Fitness
Standing on the Shoulder of Giants is the fourth studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 28 February 2000.

Track listing
All songs written by Noel Gallagher, except for "Little James".

Band members
Band members

Oasis
Liam Gallagher – vocals
Noel Gallagher – guitars, vocals, bass, keyboards, production
Alan White – drums, percussion
Guest musicians
Paul Stacey – keyboards, additional lead guitar on "Fuckin' in the Bushes", backwards guitar on "Who Feels Love?", bass on "Who Feels Love?", "Gas Panic!", "I Can See A Liar" and "Roll It Over", additional acoustic guitar on "Where Did It All Go Wrong?"
P. P. Arnold – backing vocals on "Fuckin' in the Bushes", "Put Yer Money Where Yer Mouth Is" and "Roll It Over"
Linda Lewis – backing vocals on "Fuckin' in the Bushes", "Put Yer Money Where Yer Mouth Is" and "Roll It Over"
Mark Coyle – electric sitar on "Put Yer Money Where Yer Mouth Is", twelve-string acoustic guitar on "Little James"
Mark Feltham – harmonica on "Gas Panic!"
 Tony Donaldson - Mini Moog & Mellotron on "Gas Panic!"
Charlotte Glasson – flute on "Gas Panic"

Oasis (band) albums
2000 albums
Communications satellites are satellites stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications. They relay radio waves between different places. Most are in synchronous orbit. Direct-broadcast satellites transmit many television channels.

Satellite based communication systems can be used for voice and data transmission in remote and underserved locations such as ships at sea. Satellite internet access is internet access provided through satellites. Satellite based systems can be used for providing high quality broadband internet connection to businesses.

Herman Potočnik (writing as 'Herman Noordung') was the first to propose that space stations use radio to communicate with Earth. In October 1945 Arthur C. Clarke published an article titled "Extraterrestrial relays" in the British magazine Wireless World. The article described artificial satellites in geostationary orbits to relay radio signals. So, Clarke is often quoted as being the inventor of the communications satellite.
Primitive communication satellites were tested in the early 1960s. Geosynchronous satellites became inpotant in the 1970s.

Types of Satellite Orbits 
There are 4 main satellite orbits.

 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - Between 160 km to 2,000 km from Earth surface and completes one orbit in 90 - 120 minutes
 Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) - 36000 km from Earth
 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) - Between LEO and GEO orbits
 Elliptical

Revisit Time 
The time taken by the satellite to visit sex the same point on earth again is called the revisit time. Revisit time can be reduced by combining data from multiple satellites.

Other uses of Communication Satellites 
In addition to transmitting data, Modern satellites have; 

 Optical sensors to capture photographs
 Radar sensors to accurately measure height
 Atmospheric sensors to detect gas levels in air
 To detect damage from Natural disasters

References

Telecommunications
Satellites
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) is a non-profit organisation that donates money to fight diseases and poverty. It was founded by Bill Gates, the founder and previous CEO of Microsoft and his wife Melinda Gates.

The money comes from the billions of dollars Bill Gates earned from Microsoft.

References

Non-profit organizations of the United States
Bill Gates
Mario Party can refer to the following:
Mario Party (game)- the first game in the Mario Party series
Mario Party (series)- the series of Mario Party games
Mario Party is the first video game of the Mario Party series. It was made by Japanese company Nintendo and first party company Hudson. It was released for the Nintendo 64 in 1998. It is a party board game.

References

Mario Party games
Nintendo 64 games
1998 video games
Nuestra Señora de La Paz (; ; )  is the capital of Bolivia, and La Paz Department. It is the second largest city (in people) only after Santa Cruz de la Sierra. It is in the western part of the country in the department of the same name. It is at an elevation of  above sea level, making it the world's highest de facto capital city.

References 

Cities in Bolivia
National capitals in South America
1548 establishments
1540s establishments in South America
La Paz Department (Bolivia)
Delaware Route 82 (DE 82) is a state highway in the northwest suburbs of Wilmington in New Castle County, Delaware. The route runs  from DE 52 near Greenville to the Pennsylvania border near Yorklyn. There it continues as Pennsylvania Route 82 (PA 82). The route passes through areas of trees and fields in the north part of New Castle County. A lot of the route passes next to the Red Clay Creek. All of the route is a part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, made in 2005. DE 82 was first given its number by 1952. It was signed onto the same road it is on today. In 2010, DelDOT had planned to remove the route number. But it did not happen because people did not want the route number to be removed.

Route description
DE 82 heads to the west of DE 52 near Greenville as Campbell Road.  The road has two lanes cars can travel on without a median, which is a physical divider between the travel lanes in each direction. East of DE 52, the road continues to DE 100 as Kirk Road. The road passes areas of homes with trees and fields. Then it crosses over the Hoopes Reservoir. Not far after the reservoir, DE 82 makes a left turn onto New London Road to go south. The route passes through large areas of trees, turning to the west as it makes many turns. The road goes near more fields and homes in a rural area before coming to an intersection with Mt. Cuba Road. Here, DE 82 goes northwest on Creek Road and passes next to the Red Clay Creek and the Wilmington and Western Railroad on a road with many trees. It makes more turns and goes over the creek two times before crossing the railroad two times.  In this area, the route passes the Ashland Nature Center
. The route comes to the community of Yorklyn, where the route turns southwest for a short time and passes a few buildings in rural areas. After making a turn to the northwest to go on Creek Road, DE 82 heads north next to the Red Clay Creek. The Wilmington and Western Railroad turns to the southwest away from the road. A short distance past Yorklyn, the route comes to the Pennsylvania border, where it becomes PA 82 and goes toward Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. All of DE 82 is a part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, a scenic byway (road) name given to many roads in the Red Clay Creek valley.
History
When Delaware started giving numbers to state highways in the 1930s, the road that is DE 82 today did not have a number. By 1952, DE 82 was made on the road it follows today to go between PA 82 to DE 52 near Greenville. DE 82 became part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, the second scenic byway in Delaware, in 2005. In 2010, DelDOT planned to remove the DE 82 signs in order to keep the route as a scenic byway. After a public workshop on the proposed sign removal was held, DelDOT decided in April 2010 to keep the DE 82 signs because 
people in the area did not like the plan to remove the signs.

Major intersections
The entire route is in New Castle County.

References

Other websites

Roads in Delaware
1952 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Delaware
Delaware Route 52 is a state highway in Delaware. It goes from Wilmington north to the Pennsylvania border.

References

Roads in Delaware
Pennsylvania Route 82 is a state highway in Pennsylvania. It goes from the Delaware border north to Elverson.

References

Route 82
Delaware Route 100 is a state highway in Delaware. It goes from Elsmere north to the Pennsylvania border.

References

Roads in Delaware
Greenville is a place in Delaware in the United States. It is in New Castle County, which is in the north part of the state. It is north of Wilmington.

Census-designated places in New Castle County, Delaware
Yorklyn is a place in Delaware in the United States. It is in New Castle County, which is in the north part of the state. It is north of Wilmington.

Settlements in New Castle County, Delaware
Kennett Square is a borough in Pennsylvania in the United States. It is in Chester County, which is in the southeast part of the state.

Cities in Pennsylvania
The Red Clay Creek is a creek in Delaware and Pennsylvania in the United States. It goes into the White Clay Creek near Wilmington, Delaware.

Rivers of Delaware
Rivers of Pennsylvania
The Wilmington and Western Railroad is a tourist railroad near Wilmington, Delaware in the United States.

Rail transport in the United States
John F. Stossel is an American libertarian author, columnist, investigative reporter, and television host. He works for Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network. He used to report for 20/20 on ABC.

Other websites

 "John Stossel's Take ", John Stossel's blog at Fox Business
 
 Harper Collins (Publisher)  – Biography at Publisher's website
 
 ABC News Biography
 Johnson, Peter. "Stossel's evolution from activist to contrarian angers some of his fans", USA Today, April 30, 2006
 "John Stossel: Myth-Buster" , FrontPageMag.com
 Sigall, Ed. "John Stossel: Not Afraid to Tell the Truth", NewsMax.com, June 3, 2006
 "John Stossel – Libertarian" , TheAdvocates.org
 Sullum, Jacob. "Risky Journalism: ABC's John Stossel bucks a fearful establishment"  Reason, April 1997.

1947 births
Living people
American journalists
American television presenters
Writers from Illinois

American Jews
Libertarian Party (United States)
History
The first numbered routes in Delaware came in 1925 with the creation of the U.S. Highway System, in which US 13, US 40, and US 113 were made by law to run through the state. In 1930 and again in 1932, the Delaware State Highway Department suggested giving numbers to state roads to go along with the existing U.S. Highway System. By 1936, Delaware began giving numbers to state routes. In 1956, the Interstate Highway System was made, with under 40 miles of Interstate highway made by law in New Castle County.

State routes

U.S. routes in Delaware

Interstate highways in Delaware

References

Other websites
 AARoads Delaware Highways Page

Roads in Delaware
Delaware-related lists
Lists of roads in the United States
The Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) is in charge of transportation in Delaware, United States. It owns many roads and runs DART First State, which does public transportation in the state.
 

Roads in Delaware
State departments of transportation in the United States
Nasi kucing (also called sego kucing), meaning cat rice or cat's rice, is an Indonesian rice dish. It comes from Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surakarta. It can now be found in many places. It is a small serving of rice with different toppings. Often the toppings include chili sauce, dried fish, and tempeh. It is wrapped in banana leaves.

Name origin
The name nasi kucing, which means "cat rice" or "cat's rice", comes from the size of the rice served. There is very little rice, almost like what a Javanese person would give to a cat.

Origin
Nasi kucing was first served in Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surakarta. Now it can be found in many places. It can be found in Jakarta and even Mecca; in Mecca it is sold by Indonesian workers during the hajj.
Serving
The rice part of nasi kucing is small, about as big as a fist. It is served with different toppings. The toppings often include sambal (chili sauce), dried fish, and tempeh. Sometimes the toppings can be egg, chicken, and cucumber. It is able to be eaten immediately after it is bought. It is served wrapped in a banana leaf and paper. 

Another version of nasi kucing, called sego macan (meaning "tiger's rice") is three times the size of a regular portion of nasi kucing. Sego macan is served with roasted rice, dried fish, and vegetables. Like nasi kucing, sego macan is served wrapped in a banana leaf and paper.

Sales
Sales

Nasi kucing is often sold at a low price. Sometimes nasi kucing can be as cheap as Rp 1000 (US$ 0.12). Sego macan can be about Rp 4000 (US$ 0.48). It is often sold at small food stalls called angkringan, which are located at the side of many roads. The customers are often poorer people, including pedicab and taxi drivers, students, and street musicians. This has led to angkringan being called the "lowest class of eatery".

The owners of the angkringan often come from poorer families, may have few skills that can be used to find a job, or come from far-away villages. To open their stalls, they borrow money from a patron, called a juragan. They may borrow up to Rp 900,000.00 (US$ 105.00). The seller must repay the patron from the net profits of Rp 15,000.00 – Rp 20,000.00 (US$ 1.75 – 2.35) a day.

References

Bibliography

Rice dishes
Indonesian culture
Hyponatremia (British English: hyponatraemia) is when a human body does not have enough salt (sodium) in its blood. It is mostly caused by the presence of too much water.

Hyponatremia is most often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water collects in the body faster than can be excreted (for example in congestive heart failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), or polydipsia). Some runners who drink a lot of water before running a marathon also suffer this illness. Drinking too much water  can impair the ability of marathon runners.

References 

Blood disorders
King George II may mean one of two people: 

 George II of Great Britain - king of Great Britain between 1683 and 1760. 
 George II of Imereti - a Georgian king during the 16th century. 
 Yuri II of Vladimir, also known as George II of Vladimir or Georgy II Vsevolodovich
Mission: Impossible is a 1996 American action spy movie starring Tom Cruise and directed by Brian De Palma. Set after the 1966 television series of the same name and its 1988 sequel series (canonically set six years later after the latter), it is the first installment of the Mission: Impossible movie series. It is set in London, Prague and Virginia. 

Mission: Impossible was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on May 22, 1996. The movie was successful and it led to a long-running movie series, starting with Mission: Impossible II (2000), followed by Mission: Impossible III (2006), Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011), Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation (2015), Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018), Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One (2023) and Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part Two (2024).

Cast
Cast

 Tom Cruise as Ethan Hunt: A young IMF agent
 Jon Voight as Jim Phelps: The leader of Ethan's IMF team and his mentor
 Emmanuelle Béart as Claire Phelps: Phelps's wife and a member of his IMF team
 Henry Czerny as Eugene Kittridge: The director of the IMF
 Jean Reno as Franz Krieger: A disavowed IMF agent and skilled pilot recruited by Ethan to assist him
 Ving Rhames as Luther Stickell: A disavowed IMF agent and skilled computer hacker recruited by Ethan to assist him
 Vanessa Redgrave as Max: An illegal arms dealer
 Kristin Scott Thomas as Sarah Davies: An IMF agent and Ethan's partner who is a surveillance expert
 Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė as Hannah Williams: An IMF agent and field operative in Phelps' team
 Emilio Estevez as Jack Harmon: An IMF agent and equipment technician in Phelps' team. Estevez went uncredited in the role.
 Rolf Saxon as William Donloe: A CIA analyst at Langley
 Marcel Iureş as Alexander Golitsyn: An IMF agent posing as a rogue agent to lure out the mole in Prague
Additional cast members include Karel Dobrý and Andreas Wisniewski as Max's henchmen, Annabel Mullion as an IMF agent posing as the flight attendant on Ethan's plane, Olegar Fedoro as an IMF agent during the Kyiv sequence, and Morgan Deare as Ethan's uncle Donald Hunt.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, 66% of 65 reviews are positive. The average rating is 6.10/10. On Metacritic, the movie has a score of 59 out of 100 based on 29 critic reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

References

Other websites 

1996 action movies
1996 thriller movies
1990s action thriller movies
1996 adventure movies
1990s spy movies
Mission: Impossible movies
American adventure movies
Paramount Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies set in London
Movies set in the Czech Republic
Movies set in Virginia
Movies set on trains
Movies directed by Brian De Palma
Marlins, family Istiophoridae, are fish with an elongated body, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long rigid dorsal fin, which extends forward to form a crest. Its common name is thought to derive from its resemblance to a sailor's marlinspike. Even more so than their close relatives the scombrids, marlin are incredibly fast swimmers, marlins are fast swimmers, reaching speeds of about .

Marlin are rarely table fare, appearing mostly in fine restaurants. Most modern sport fishermen release marlin after unhooking.

Most suited to grilling, marlin can also be prepared by baking, poaching, shallow frying or smoking, or eaten raw as sashimi. Marlin is delicious smoked and is a common entrée.

References 

Istiophoriformes
Edible fish
Tetraodontiformes is an order of fish, with about 100 species. They are known as the blowfish, fugu, swellfish, and globefish. They are called pufferfish because when they are threatened, they puff up to about twice their normal size by gulping water. In this enlarged state, the pufferfish can swim at only about half their normal speed. 

Pufferfish are generally believed to be the second-most poisonous vertebrates in the world, after the golden poison frog. They use tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin.

Most pufferfish are found in sub-tropical and tropical marine waters (including coral reefs) in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Some pufferfish live in brackish and fresh water.
The scientific name refers to the four large teeth, fused into an upper and lower plate, which are used for crushing the shells of crustaceans and mollusks, their natural prey. Even though pufferfish are poisonous, the meat of some species is eaten in Japan (as 河豚, pronounced 'fugu'), Korea (as 복 bok or 복어 bogeo ), and China (as 河豚 hétún). It is prepared by specially trained chefs who know which parts, and how much of them, are safe to eat. 

Aside from extant pufferfish, there are also prehistoric pufferfish, like Zignoichthys. Some people also keep pufferfish as pets.

References 

Tetraodontiformes
Ft. Kent is a town in northern Maine. It touches the Canadian border.

Towns in Maine
Oxytocin is a hormone found in mammals. It is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide. It acts on the brain. In humans it is released during female reproduction, especially during and after childbirth. 

It has other effects. It encourages pair bonding, and parental behaviour. It is released during intimate moments during orgasms and even hugs. For this reason it is often called the 'love hormone'.

Strange to say, the oxytocin released by the pituitary gland cannot reach the brain: it does have effects on the rest of the body. The reason is that there is a blood–brain barrier which prevents large molecules from getting into the brain. Instead, the hormone is produced by special nerve cells inside the brain. 

Oxytocin is also released through the use of recreational drugs like MDMA and some prescription anti-depressants.

Oxytocin was the first polypeptide hormone to be sequenced and synthesized, by Vincent du Vigneaud and colleagues in 1953.

Related pages
Peptide hormone

References 

Hormones
Proteins
Philip Anthony "Phil" Jones (born 21 February 1992) is an English footballer.  Jones plays as a defender for Manchester United and the England under-21 national team. He played for Blackburn Rovers at both youth and senior levels before joining Manchester United.  Jones usually plays central defender, but can also play as a right-back or defensive midfielder. His transfer market value is now 80 million euro's

Club career
Club career

Blackburn Rovers
Jones was born in Preston, Lancashire. He grew up in Clayton-le-Woods. He joined Blackburn Rovers' youth team in 2002. He joined the senior team for the 2009–10 Premier League season.  Jones signed a two-year contract with the team. He wore uniform number 28 for Blackburn. He played his first game for Blackburn on 22 September 2009 in a League Cup game against Nottingham Forest. Blackburn won 1–0. In February 2010, he signed a new five-year contract.  The contract had a £16 million release clause. Jones made his first Premier League start for Blackburn against Chelsea on 21 March.  The game was a 1–1 draw at Ewood Park.

Jones started the 2010–11 season in midfield.  He became one of the starters for the team. Jones hurt his knee in a game against West Ham United in December 2010. He could not play for three months because of the injury.
Manchester United
On 13 June 2011, Manchester United said that they had reached a deal to sign Jones.  The deal was for an undisclosed transfer fee.  The deal would be finished upon his return from international games. He played his first game for the club on the 2011 pre-season tour to the USA, in United's 3–1 victory over Chicago Fire. Jones played as a second-half substitute, replacing Rio Ferdinand, in a 3–2 win over rivals Manchester City in the 2011 Community Shield. Jones played in his first Premier League game for United a week later.  He entered again as a substitute for Ferdinand.  United beat West Bromwich Albion 2–1 on the opening weekend.

International career
Jones played his first game for the England under-19 team in the 3–1 win over Turkey on 17 November 2009. He has since played three more times for the under-19s.
On 4 August 2010, Jones joined the England under-21 squad. On 10 August, Jones won his first under-21 cap, starting for England against Uzbekistan. He was substituted in the 46th minute and was replaced by Liverpool's Martin Kelly. He was selected for the 2011 U-21 European Championship in Denmark.  Manager Stuart Pearce made Jones the captain of the team.

In 5 August 2011, he joined the England first-team squad for the friendly against the Netherlands. The game was cancelled four days later by the FA after the riots in London.

In November 2011, he competed in two home games for England at Wembley. The first was a 1-0 win against the world champions, Spain. The second was also a 1-0 win over Sweden. In both games he played midfield, this is in contrast to his 'right back' role for his club side, Manchester United.

Career statistics

Honours

Club
Manchester United

 Ballon D'or Winner  (5): 2001, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2019

 Player of the Century (2): 1900, 2000

FA Community Shield (1): 2011

Notes
Notes

References

Other websites
Manchester United profile
Phil Jones career stats at Soccerbase

1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
English footballers
Manchester United F.C. players
People from Preston, Lancashire
Sportspeople from Lancashire
Bob Burnquist is a professional skateboarder from Sao Paulo, Brazil. He is in Tony Hawks Pro Skater video games.

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian sportspeople
Skateboarders
Aermacchi M.B.339 was built by Alenia Aermacchi. The creation of this type was requested by the Aernautica Militaire. They wanted to use it as new trainer.

Development
Based on Aermacchi M.B. 326,  M.B. 339 is a direct successor of this type. The changes made on the cockpit, front parts and tail-end result in new product. The delivery has started in 1978. From 1982, those planes became the main plane of the Italian flight group Frecce Tricolori. This plane has been exported in 8 countries. The later types like M.B. 339 CD/FD have been produced only for Frecce Tricolori and can be seen as 4th generation fighters.

Technical data (M.B.339A)

References

Italian military aircraft
The ocean sunfish (Mola mola, also called the mola or sun fish) is a large ocean fish found in warm and temperate oceans. It is the heaviest known bony fish in the world. It has an almost circular, flattened body. This unusual fish swims by flapping its long pectoral and dorsal fins; the caudal fin is used as a rudder (for steering). Some sunfish have been seen floating on their sides at the top of the sea; they may be using the sun to heat themselves up. They eat crustaceans, starfish, jellyfish, sponges, mollusks, algae, plankton, squid, and small fish.
The species is native to tropical and temperate waters around the globe. It resembles a fish head with a tail, and its main body is flattened laterally.

Tetraodontiformes
Remoras, sometimes called suckerfish or sharksuckers, are fish in the family Echeneidae of ray-finned fish in the order Carangiformes. They are small fish that live on and around sharks. They eat stray bits of food left by the shark and tiny shrimp-like parasites that live on the shark's skin. They have sucker-like disks on their heads with which they attach to the shark. 
Both the shark and the remora benefit from the pairing, but the remore benefits much more; this is commensalism. Remora are also known as sucker fish or shark sucker.

References

Teleosts
Richard Dale Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American politician, business executive, venture capitalist, and accountant who was the 48th Governor of Michigan. A member of the Republican Party, he became governor on January 1, 2011 and left office on January 1, 2019.

Snyder was seen as a possible Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012, although Paul Ryan was selected.

A report by the University of Michigan School of Public Health concluded Snyder has "significant legal responsibility" for the Flint water crisis, exposing 6,000 to 12,000 Flint children to lead.

On April 16, 2020, an article was published in Vice gave details and evidence of corruption, and a cover-up by Snyder, including details of how he was warned repeatedly about the dangerous effects of the decisions he had made about the water supply to the city of Flint during the water crisis. In January 2021, Snyder was criminally charged for his role in the crisis.

References
References

1958 births
Living people
Governors of Michigan
Businesspeople from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Bibliomania can be a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder, by collecting of books to the point where social relations or health are in danger. It can be connected to stealing (kleptomania) of books.

Bibliomania is not to be confused with bibliophilia, which is the usual love of books.

Don Quixote may be the most famous bibliomaniac in fiction.

More reading

Symptoms
The Jersey Shore is the name for the part of New Jersey that is along the Atlantic Ocean.

Geography of New Jersey
Jefferson Cardoso dos Santos (15 February 1986 in São Vicente, Brazil) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He is a defender.

He started playing football with his local club  São Vicente Atlético Clube and then went on to Jabaquara Atlético Clube in Brazils 4th league. He became Champion with this team and then went on to Red Bull Brasil. With this team he was two times promoted. In summer 2011 he and his team mate Alex Rafael were invited to train with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. He played two test matches for Salzburg (Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Olympique Lyon). He convinced the club and so he was signed for Red Bull Salzburg. After some matches as substitution he played his first match in the starting team on 21 August 2011 in a league match versus S.K. Sturm Graz.

Honours
 1x Champion Campeonato Paulista Série B (4th league): 2009
 1x Champion Campeonato Paulista Série A3 (3rd league): 2010
 1x Finale Copa Paulista: 2010
1986 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
The 2010 Russian Premier League was the 19th season of the Russian Premier League. The team with the most points was Zenit St. Petersburg, with 68 points. CSKA Moscow was second with 62 points. The season started on March 12, 2010. The last match was played November 29, 2010. On November 14, 2010, Zenit St. Petersburg claimed their titles after a 5-0 win against FC Rostov. Lastly, this season was Saturn Moscow Oblast's last season. The team was dissolved after.

Club Positions 

Russian Premier League
This is a list of FIFA World Cup goalscorers. This is until the 2014 World Cup.

Currently, Miroslav Klose has the most with 16 goals.

Overall top goalscorers

16 goals 
  Miroslav Klose

 15 goals
  Ronaldo

 14 goals
  Gerd Müller

 13 goals
  Just Fontaine

 12 goals
  Pelé

 11 goals
  Jürgen Klinsmann
  Sándor Kocsis

 10 goals
  Gabriel Batistuta
  Gary Lineker
  Helmut Rahn
  Teófilo Cubillas
  Grzegorz Lato

 9 goals
  Ademir
  Jairzinho
  Vavá
  Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
  Uwe Seeler
  Roberto Baggio
  Paolo Rossi
  Christian Vieri
  Eusébio

 8 goals
  Diego Maradona
  Guillermo Stábile
  Leônidas
  Rivaldo
  Rudi Völler
  David Villa
  Oscar Míguez

 7 goals
  Careca
  Oldřich Nejedlý
  Hans Schäfer
  Lajos Tichy
  Johnny Rep
  Andrzej Szarmach
6 goals
  Mario Kempes
  Erich Probst
  Bebeto
  Rivelino
  Hristo Stoichkov
  Davor Šuker
  Thierry Henry
  Helmut Haller
  Lothar Matthäus
  Max Morlock
  György Sárosi
  Gyula Zsengellér
  Salvatore Schillaci
  Dennis Bergkamp
  Rob Rensenbrink
  Zbigniew Boniek
  Oleg Salenko
  Josef Hügi
  Diego Forlán

5 goals
  Hans Krankl
  Marc Wilmots
  Garrincha
  Romario
  Zico
  Roger Milla
  Tomáš Skuhravý
  Jon Dahl Tomasson
  Geoff Hurst
  Michel Platini
  Zinedine Zidane
  Franz Beckenbauer
  Thomas Müller
  Lukas Podolski
  Alessandro Altobelli
  Silvio Piola
  Johan Neeskens
  Wesley Sneijder
  Peter McParland
  Valentin Ivanov
  Estanislao Basora
  Emilio Butragueño
  Raúl González
  Fernando Hierro
  Fernando Morientes
  Kennet Andersson
  Henrik Larsson
  Landon Donovan
  Pedro Cea
  Juan Alberto Schiaffino

Goalscorers
Lists of footballers
Chillán Viejo is a Chilean commune in the south of Chillán. According to the Chilean , Chillán Viejo has an area of  and 26,172 inhabitants.

History 
This commune began in 1895. Thanks to an administrative crisis, the title of commune was revoked on 1927. Finally, in 1995, during the promulgation of a law in the government of the now ex-president Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chillán Viejo is again a commune.

Tourist Attractions

The Monumental Park "Bernardo O'Higgins" 
The colonial house where Bernardo O'Higgins born on 1778.

Traditional Parties 
 Saint Raphael
 Our Lady of Mount Carmel
 Our Lady of the Rosary

References

Other websites 
Municipality of Chillán Viejo 

Cities in Chile
Ñuble Region
A pyramid scheme is a way of making money that cannot continue very long. It involves promising people payment, services or ideals, primarily for enrolling other people into the scheme or training them to take part. It does not supply any real investment or sale of  products or services to the public. Pyramid schemes are a form of fraud. For this reason, pyramid schemes are illegal in many countries. 

This type of scheme has existed for at least a century (100 years). The way the scheme is described is sometimes changed to hide what it is doing. Many people believe that multilevel marketing (MLM) is also a pyramid scheme.
Concept and basic models
A successful pyramid scheme combines a business that seems real with a simple-to-understand money-making description which is used for profit. The idea is that the first person, Mr. X, makes a payment. To get money, Mr. X has to recruit others like him who will also make a payment. Mr. X gets paid out of money received from those new people (recruits). The recruits go on to involve others. As each new recruit makes a payment, Mr. X gets a part. He is promised always increasing benefits as the "business" expands.
Such "businesses" do not have real products or services. To make them more believable, most such scams have fake letters from successful members and information. Only the first person (sometimes called the "pharaoh") and a very few at the top levels of the pyramid make a lot of money. The amounts get much smaller further down the pyramid. Someone at the bottom of the pyramid loses money. They paid to enter, but cannot get anyone else to join.

The "Eight-Ball" model
Recruiting a large number of others into a scheme can be difficult so a system is used that seems more simple. In this model each person must recruit only two others. However, a larger number of levels is needed before the person gets paid any money. The scheme requires a person to recruit two others, who must each recruit two others, who must each recruit two others.  

The "eight-ball" model contains a total of fifteen members. This scheme has been called the "Airplane Game" and the four tiers labelled as "captain," "co-pilot," "crew," and "passenger" to denote a person's level.
Such schemes may hide their pyramid nature by calling themselves as "gifting circles" with money being "gifted." The eight passengers must each pay (or "gift") a sum (e.g. $1,000) to join the scheme. This total of $8,000 goes to the captain who leaves the scheme. Everyone remaining moves up one level. There are now two new captains so the group splits in two with each group requiring eight new passengers. A person who joins the scheme as a passenger will not get any money until they advance through the crew and co-pilot levels to captain. Therefore, the participants in the bottom 3 tiers of the pyramid lose their money if the scheme collapses. Popular schemes such as the "Women Empowering Women" do this.

Related pages
 Ponzi scheme: it is similar but not the same as pyramid scheme
Marketing
Financial crimes
The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales is a children's book by Jon Scieszka. It was published in 1992 by Viking. It is a collection of stories which make fun of famous children's stories and fairy tales, such as "Chicken Licken", "The Gingerbread Man" (changed to The Stinky Cheese Man of the title), "The Ugly Duckling", and others. It was illustrated by Lane Smith, who won the Caldecott Honor for his illustrations. This book also won the New York Times Best Illustrated Book award, among numerous awards in many countries.

The book was also re-released in a new edition in 2002 to celebrate its tenth anniversary. This new edition also included a story which had been listed in the Table of Contents of the previous editions, but had not appeared anywhere in the book. This story was printed on the back of the dust jacket.

1992 books
American children's books
Collections of fairy tales
Palestine at the Olympics is a history which includes 5 games in 5 countries and 10+ athletes.  Since 1996, Palestine (PLE) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

History
Palestine has been at the Summer Olympics since 1996.  Since 1986 Palestine is part of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).  Palestine has not won any Olympic medals.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Palestine profile at London2012.com 

Palestinian culture
Nations at the Olympics
The São Paulo Museum of Art is an art museum on Paulista Avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The museum opened in 1968.

The São Paulo Museum of Art's collection includes the greatest names in international art history van Gogh, Francisco de Goya, Matisse, Picasso, Modigliani, Giuseppe Amisani, Marc Chagall, Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, Andy Warhol, El Greco, Diego Vélasquez, Mantegna, Bellini, Botticelli,  Giambattista Pittoni, Raphäel, Le Pérugin, Titien, Tintoretto, Guercino, Poussin, Manet, Degas, Cézanne, Monet, Renoir, Gauguin, Toulouse-Lautrec, Pierre Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Antoine Van Dyck.

Art museums
Buildings and structures in São Paulo
1968 establishments
1960s establishments in Brazil
Philippines at the Olympics is a history which includes 23 games in 16 countries and 370+ athletes.  Since 1911, the Philippines has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Philippines is PHI.

History
The Philippine National Olympic Committee was formed in 1911.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1929.

Philippines's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.

The team did not compete in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Filipino athletes have also been at the Winter Olympic Games  three times after 1972, but not since 1994. The Philippines is the first nation in the tropics to be in the Winter Olympic Games.

Medalists

Summer games

Summer Youth games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Philippine Olympic Committee website
  Philippines profile at London2012.com 

National sports teams of the Philippines
Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Robert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He was born on 13 November 1850  and died on 3 December 1894.His parents were Thomas Stevenson, a and Margaret Isabella Balfour. He spent much of his childhood sick in bed with lung trouble. He studied law in Edinburgh University. But he turned his interest to writing. Some of his best known works are Treasure Island, Kidnapped and Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll.

Selected works
Treasure Island (1883)
A Child's Garden of Verses (1885)
The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886)
Kidnapped (1886)
The Black Arrow (1888)
The Master of Ballantrae (1889)
Island Nights' Entertainments (1893)

References

https://www.wordreference.com/enfr/these

Writers from Edinburgh
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
1850 births
1894 deaths
Qatar at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 7 countries and 100+ athletes. Since 1979, Oman has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Qatar is QAT.

History
The Qatar Olympic Committee was formed in 1979 and recognized by the IOC in 1980.

Teams from Qatar have taken part in the Summer Olympic Games but is scheduled to its Winter Olympic Games debut in 2026.

After the 2008 Summer Olympics, Qatar was, along with Saudi Arabia and Brunei, one of only three countries to never send a female athlete to the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee in 2010 said it would "press" these countries to have women's participate.  Then the Qatar Olympic Committee said it "hoped to send up to four female athletes in shooting and fencing" to the 2012 Summer Games in London.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References
References

Other websites
  Qatar profile at London2012.com 
 "Qatar using black gold to tap into top performers", The Guardian, December 13, 2005 (on Olympic competitors from various countries switching to Qatari citizenship)
home page

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
The Westing Game is a mystery novel written by Ellen Raskin. It was published in 1978 and it won the Newbery Medal in 1979. It was made into a movie which was released in 1997. This movie was released under both the names The Westing Game and Get a Clue.

References

Other websites
 

1978 books
Crime fiction books
American young adult novels
Newbery Medal winning books
The Selous' zebra (Equus quagga borensis) is one of the six subspecies of the plains zebra (Equus quagga). Selous' Zebra is a critically endangered species. These are often confused with the Damaraland zebras (Equus quagga antiquorum), and the Chapman Zebra (Equus quagga chapmani). The Selous' Zebra's belly is partly striped and they have clean black and white banding. They do not have the brown shadow stripes of the Chapman Zebra. 

Selous's Zebra lives in the northwest of Kenya, parts of Uganda, and the southeast of Sudan.

References

Mammals of Africa
Zebras
Saudi Arabia has been in 12 Summer Olympic Games. They first were in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.  They have been in the Winter Olympic Games since 2022.

By Saudi Arabian law, women cannot be in the Olympic Games. However, the International Olympic Committee is reportedly pressuring the Saudi Olympic Committee to send female athletes to the 2012 Summer Olympics.  Others want Saudi Arabia to not be in the Olympics unless they let women in.

The Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee was formed in 1964 and recognized in 1965.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Saudi Arabia profile at London2012.com 

Sport in Saudi Arabia
Nations at the Olympics
BMW has been in Formula One since the beginning of the World Drivers' Championship in . BMW entered several races in the 1950s and 1960s. Often, they ran using the Formula Two rules. In the 1980s, they built the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine. This engine was built for the Brabham team. Nelson Piquet won the  championship driving a Brabham-BMW. BMW also supplied the M12/13 engine to the ATS, Arrows, Benetton and Ligier teams. In , Brabham left F1 for the  season, and BMW stopped its official backing of the engines. Arrows still used the engine with the Megatron name. When Formula One banned turbocharged engines in , the M12/13 could no longer be used.