Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
From 2001 
 2001 - A Tupolev Tu-54 of the Vladivostok Avia airline crashes on landing at Irkutsk, Siberia, killing all 145 people on board.
 2004 – The cornerstone of the Freedom Tower is laid on the site of the World Trade Center in New York City.
 2004 – UEFA Euro 2004: The Greece national football team, as a rank outsider, wins the European Championships, defeating the host nation, the Portugal national football team, 1-0 in the final. It is also the first final to be a repeat of the first game of the tournament.
 2005 – The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.
 2007 - Sochi, on the Russian Black Sea coast, wins the right to host the 2014 Winter Olympics.
 2009 – The crown of the Statue of Liberty is reopened after almost 8 years.
 2011 - Otto von Habsburg, the last heir to the Austrian throne, dies in Bavaria aged 98.
 2012 - The discovery of particles consistent with those of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN.
2015 - The Chile national football team wins the 2015 Copa America. The host nation defeats the Argentina national football team on penalties.
 2017 - Russia and the People's Republic of China urge North Korea to halt its missile and nuclear programs after it successfully tests its first intercontinental ballistic missile.
Up to 1900 
 1330 - Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shogun (d. 1367)
 1477 - Johannes Aventinus, German historian (d. 1534)
 1546 – Murad III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1595)
 1694 - Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (d. 1772)
 1715 - Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and academic (d. 1769)
 1719 - Michel-Jean Sedaine, French playwright (d. 1797)
 1753 - Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French inventor and balloonist (d. 1809)
 1768 - Adam Karl August von Eschenmeier, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1852)
 1776 - Ethan Allen Brown, American politician, 7th Governor of Ohio (d. 1852)
 1790 – George Everest, Welsh surveyor (d. 1866)
 1795 - Karl Eichwald, Russian scientist (d. 1876)
 1799 – King Oscar I of Sweden (d. 1859)
 1804 – Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer (d. 1864)
 1807 – Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (d. 1882)
 1826 – Stephen Foster, American songwriter (d. 1864)
 1845 - Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist and humanitarian (d. 1905)
1847 - James Anthony Bailey, American circus ringmaster (d. 1906)
 1862 - Walter L. Fisher, American politician (d. 1935)
 1867 – Stephen Mather, American entrepreneur and conservationist (d. 1930)
 1868 - Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer (d. 1921)
 1868 - Johannes van Dijk, Dutch rower (d. 1938)
 1872 – Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933)
 1874 - John McPhee, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1952)
 1881 – Ulysses S. Grant III, American soldier (d. 1968)
 1882 - Louis B. Mayer, Belarus-born American movie producer (d. 1957)
 1883 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970)
 1888 - Henry Armetta, Italian-American actor and singer (d. 1945)
 1895 - Irving Caesar, American songwriter and composer (d. 1996)
 1896 - Mao Dun, Chinese journalist, writer and critic (d. 1981)
 1897 - Alluri Sita Rama Raju, Indian activist (d. 1924)
 1898 – Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician (d. 1998)
 1898 – Gertrude Lawrence, English-born actress (d. 1952)
1901  1950 
 1902 - Meyer Lansky, American Mafia boss (d. 1983)
 1903 - Corrado Bafile, Italian cardinal (d. 2005)
 1903 - Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer and educator (d. 1986)
 1905 - Irving Johnson, American sailor and writer (d. 1991)
 1908 - Aurelio Peccei, Italian industrialist and co-founder of the Club of Rome (d. 1984)
 1910 - Robert K. Merton, American sailor (d. 2003)
 1910 – Gloria Stuart, American actress (d. 2010)
 1911 – Mitch Miller, American entertainer and musician (d. 2010)
 1911 - Franco Ferrara, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1985)
 1911 - Said Akl, Lebanese poet, writer and playwright (d. 2014)
 1916 – Iva Toguri D'Aquino, World War II figure, alleged Tokyo Rose (d. 2006)
 1917 – Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1947)
 1918 – Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (d. 2006)
 1918 – Pauline Phillips, American columnist (d. 2013)
 1918 – Eppie Lederer, American writer and columnist (d. 2002)
 1918 - Johnnie Parsons, American racing driver (d. 1984)
1920 - Norm Drucker, American basketball referee (d. 2015)
 1921 – Gérard Debreu, French economist (d. 2004)
 1921 - Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2003)
 1923 - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss politician (d. 2013)
 1924 - Björn Beinteinsson, Icelandic Neopagan religious leader
 1924 – Eva Marie Saint, American actress
 1925 - Ciril Zlobec, Slovenian poet, writer and politician (d. 2018)
 1926 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentine-born footballer (d. 2014)
 1927 – Neil Simon, American playwright (d. 2018)
 1927 - Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress
 1928 – Giampiero Boniperti, Italian footballer
 1930 - Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Soviet-Armenian actor (d. 1993)
 1930 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (d. 2010)
 1931 - Stephen Boyd, Northern Irish-American actor (d. 1977)
 1935 - Paul Scoon, 2nd Governor-General of Grenada (d. 2013)
 1937 – Sonja Haraldsen, Queen of Norway
 1937 – Thomas Nagel, American philosopher
 1938 - Bill Withers, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2020)
1940 - Dave Rowberry, English pianist and songwriter (d. 2003)
 1941 - Sam Farr, American politician
 1941 - Sergio Oliva, Cuban-American bodybuilder (d. 2012)
 1941 - Tomaz Salamun, Slovenian poet (d. 2014)
 1942 - Stefan Meller, Polish politician (d. 2008)
 1942 - Hal Lanier, American baseball player, coach and manager
 1942 - Prince Michael of Kent, British nobleman
 1943 – Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson, American musician (d. 1970)
 1943 – Heide Simonis, German politician
 1943 – Adam Hart-Davis, British historian
 1945 - Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (d. 1972)
 1946 - Ron Kovic, American activist
 1948 - Jeremy Spencer, English guitarist (Fleetwood Mac)
 1949 – Horst Seehofer, German politician, Interior Minister and former Minister-President of Bavaria
1951  1975 
 1951 - Vincent Marzello, American voice actor (d. 2020)
 1951 – Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
 1952 – Alvaro Uribe, former President of Colombia
 1953 - Francis Maude, English politician
 1954 - Morganna, American model and dancer
 1954 - Jim Beattie, American baseball player and coach
 1957 - Jenny Seagrove, English actress
 1957 – Princess Chulabhorn of Thailand
 1959 - Victoria Abril, Spanish singer and actress
 1959 – Eirikur Hauksson, Icelandic singer
 1960 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian racing driver (d. 1994)
 1960 - Mark Steel, English comedian, columnist and writer
 1961 - Valentin Ivanov, Russian football referee
 1962 - Neil Morrissey, English actor
 1962 – Pam Shriver, American tennis player
 1963 – Ute Lemper, German singer
 1963 - Henri Leconte, French tennis player
 1963 - William Ramallo, Bolivian footballer and coach
 1963 - Michael Sweet, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
 1964 - Cle Kooiman, American soccer player and manager
1964 - Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania
 1965 - Harvey Grant, American basketball player and coach
 1965 – Giancarlo Marocchi, Italian footballer
 1965 – Jo Whiley, English radio presenter
 1966 - Anton Nossik, Israeli-Russian journalist and social media activist (d. 2017)
 1968 - Ronni Ancona, Scottish actress
 1970 - Doddie Weir, Scottish rugby player
 1970 – Tony Vidmar, Australian footballer
 1971 – Koko, famous sign language Gorilla (d. 2018)
 1973 – Tony Popovic, Australian footballer
From 1976 
 1976 - Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
 1976 - Yevgeniya Medvedeva, Russian skier
 1977 - Orri Pall Dyrason, Icelandic drummer (Sigur Ros)
 1978 – Emile Mpenza, Belgian footballer
 1978 – Becki Newton, American actress
 1982 - Hannah Harper, English pornographic actress
 1983 - Miguel Pinto, Chilean footballer
 1984 - Jin Akanishi, Japanese singer-songwriter and actor
 1985 - Wason Renteria, Colombian footballer
 1986 – Takahisa Masuda, Japanese singer
 1986 - Fanny Valette, French actress
 1987 - Wude Ayalew, Ethiopian long-distance runner
 1988 - Angelique Boyer, French-Mexican actress, model and singer
 1989 - Yoon Doo-joon, South Korean singer, dancer and actor
 1990 - Naoki Yamada, Japanese footballer
 1992 - Basim, Danish singer-songwriter
 1998 – Malia Obama, daughter of US President Barack Obama
 1999 - Moa Kikuchi, Japanese singer and model

Deaths
Up to 1900 
 673 - Ecgberht of Kent
 907 - Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria
 965 - Pope Benedict V
 1541 - Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish explorer (b. 1495)
 1546 - Hayreddin Barbarossa, Greek-Turkish admiral (b. 1478)
 1641 - Pedro Teixeira, Portuguese explorer
 1742 - Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, mathematician and engineer (b. 1671)
 1780 - Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (b. 1712)
 1787 - Charles, Prince of Soubise (b. 1715)
 1808 - Fisher Ames, American politician (b. 1758)
 1826 – John Adams, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)
 1826 – Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)
 1831 – James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758)
 1848 – Francois-René de Chateaubriand, French writer (b. 1768)
 1857 - William L. Marcy, 21st United States Secretary of State (b. 1786)
 1881 – Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (b. 1806)
 1882 - Joseph Brackett, American composer (b. 1797)
 1888 – Theodor Storm, German writer (b. 1817)
1901  2000 
 1901 - Johannes Schmidt, American composer (b. 1843)
 1902 - Swami Vivekananda, Indian spiritual leader (b. 1863)
 1910 – Melvin Weston Fuller, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1833)
 1910 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (b. 1835)
 1916 - Alan Seeger, American poet (b. 1888)
 1921 – Antoni Grabowski, early proponent of Esperanto (b. 1857)
 1922 - Lothar von Richthofen, German pilot (b. 1894)
 1925 - George W. Atkinson, American politician, 10th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1865)
 1926 - Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian activist and saint (b. 1901) 
 1931 - Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta, Italian nobleman (b. 1869)
 1934 – Marie Curie, Polish-French chemist and physicist (b. 1867)
 1934 - Hayim Nahman Bialik, Ukrainian-Israeli writer and poet (b. 1873)
 1938 – Otto Bauer, Austrian politician (b. 1881)
 1938 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (b. 1899)
 1941 - Antoni Lomnicki, Polish mathematician (b. 1881)
1943 - Wladyslaw Sikorski, Polish military leader (b. 1881)
 1963 - Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, 7th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1889)
 1963 - Pingali Venkayya, Indian activist (b. 1876)
 1964 - Gaby Morlay, French actress and singer (b. 1893)
 1969 - Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (b. 1890)
 1975 – Georgette Heyer, British writer (b. 1902)
 1976 – Yonatan Netanyahu, Israeli soldier (in raid on Entebbe Airport) (b. 1946)
 1976 - Antoni Slonimski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1895)
 1986 - Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer and educator (b. 1903)
 1991 - Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon (b. 1936)
 1991 - Art Sansom, American cartoonist (b. 1920)
 1992 - Astor Piazzolla, Argentine bandoneon player and composer (b. 1921)
 1995 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (b. 1919)
 1995 - Bob Ross, American painter (b. 1942)
From 2001 
 2003 – Barry White, American singer (b. 1944)
 2004 - Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1921)
 2008 – Jesse Helms, American politician (b. 1921)
 2008 - Thomas M. Disch, American writer (b. 1940)
 2009 – Allen Klein, American record label executive (b. 1931)
 2010 – Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, Lebanese spiritual leader (b. 1935)
 2011 – Otto von Habsburg, Austrian nobleman, aristocrat and politician (b. 1912)
 2012 - Eric Sykes, English actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1923)
 2013 - Bernie Nolan, Irish singer and actress (b. 1960)
 2014 - Giorgio Faletti, Italian writer, actor and comedian (b. 1950)
 2014 - Alan Alan, English escapologist and magician (b. 1926)
 2014 - C. J. Henderson, American writer (b. 1939)
 2014 - Archibald Wilson, Australian fighter pilot (b. 1921)
 2015 - Nedelcho Beronov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1928)
 2015 - Scot Breithaupt, American motorcycle racer (b. 1957)
 2015 - Carlo de Gavardo, Chilean rally driver and motorcycle racer (b. 1969)
2015 - Alan Walton, British biochemist (b. 1936)
 2016 - Romesh Chandra, Indian activist and journalist (b. 1919)
 2016 - William Hawkins, Canadian songwriter and poet (b. 1940)
 2016 - Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian filmmaker (b. 1940)
 2016 - Abner J. Mikva, American politician and judge (b. 1926)
 2017 - Bryan Avery, English architect (b. 1944)
 2017 - Gene Conley, American baseball and basketball player (b. 1930)
 2017 - Daniil Granin, Russian writer (b. 1919)
 2017 - Carol Lee Scott, English actress and singer (b. 1942)
 2017 - David Yewdall, American sound editor (b. 1950)
 2018 - Carmen Campagne, Canadian singer (b. 1959)
 2018 - Georges-Emmanuel Clancier, French poet, journalist and novelist (b. 1914)
 2018 - Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (b. 1927)
 2018 - Ernst W. Hamburger, German-born Brazilian physicist (b. 1933)
 2018 - Robby Müller, Dutch cinematographer (b. 1940)
Holidays 
Christian feast day:
Andrew of Crete
Bertha of Artois
Blessed Catherine Jarrige
Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati
Elizabeth of Aragon (or of Portugal)
Oda of Canterbury
Ulrich of Augsburg
 Independence Day (United States)
 Filipino-American Friendship Day
 Liberation Day (Rwanda)

July 04
Public domain is a phrase that describes something that belongs to all people in general: the public. The public domain contains works (such as books, films, or paintings) that are not under copyright protection.

The opposite of "public domain" is copyrighted material, which is owned either by the creator of the work or their estate.  The term public domain is only used to describe things that can be copyrighted, such as photographs, drawings, written articles, books or plays, or similar works of art.  As a general rule, all intellectual property works, after enough time has gone by, will become part of public domain. Examples include the works of Leonardo da Vinci, William Shakespeare and Ludwig van Beethoven, and the books of Isaac Newton.
A work can enter the public domain in many ways.
The copyright expires, many years (usually 50 or 70 years) after its creator dies.
The work's creator may legally give up all claims to the material.
The creator forgets to renew the work's copyright (for works before 1963).
The work may have been created by agencies of certain governments, in which case it was in the public domain from the time of its creation.
The work is made by an animal.
The copyright notice is missing an owner, year or copyright symbol (for works before 1989).
In some cases, if a work enters the public domain after copyright expiration, anyone using the work may still be required to note who created the work.  Even if some works are in the public domain due to not being copyrighted, there may be still non-copyright usage restrictions. For examples, even though the design of national currencies may be ineligible, or be unsuitable, for copyright, counterfeiting them for fraud is widely a very serious crime. Another example are logos and images that only have text or simple shapes. These logos aren't copyrighted in the United States, but they are often protected by trademarks.

Related pages 
Copyleft

Intellectual property law
A child (the plural is children) is a person below the age of puberty (biologically) or below the age of majority (legally). A person can be called his or her parent's child, no matter how old he or she is. Another word for "child" is "kid".

In most countries, children go to school. Small children may go to nursery school, preschool or kindergarten. Playing with small toys and using their imaginations are important for child development. But often in a developing country, children sometimes work in factories or in the fields with their parents or guardians.
When two people get married and one (or both) of them have children with someone else before this marriage, that child is called a step child by the child's non-birth parent. If both people had children, the children of each parent are step brothers or step sisters of each other. A child whose parents have died is an orphan. Orphans with no parent may be raised by grandparents or other relatives. Otherwise they may go to live in an orphanage. They may be adopted by another adult or couple wanting a child. They will then be able to grow up in a new family.

Related pages
 Adolescent
 Parent
 Sibling (a brother or sister)

 
Basic English 850 words
Nickelodeon (often shortened to Nick) is a worldwide cable television network. Airing Mondays-Fridays from 6 a.m.-5 p.m. Saturdays from 6 a.m.-9 p.m. and Sundays from 6 a.m.-7 p.m.  It is made for children. The network was started in 1983 as Pinwheel. During the late mornings and afternoons, Nickelodeon shows Nick Jr. This is a group of learning programs and series for younger children. They are shown while the older children are in school. At night, the network shows Nick at Nite. Nick at Nite is a group of reruns of older series that parents watched when they were younger.

Programming
Programming 

 
Programming seen on Nickelodeon includes animated series (such as SpongeBob SquarePants, The Loud House, Goat Simulator and Friends, The Casagrandes, The Patrick Star Show, Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years, The Smurfs, Rugrats, The Mercy and DJ show and Big Nate), live-action, scripted series (such as Danger Force, Tyler Perry's Young Dylan and All That), and original made-for-TV movies, while the network's daytime schedule is dedicated to shows targeting preschoolers (such as Bubble Guppies, PAW Patrol, and Blue's Clues & You!).

Nicktoons
Nicktoons

Nicktoons is the branding for Nickelodeon's original animated television series. Until 1991, the animated series that aired on Nickelodeon were largely imported from foreign countries, with some original animated specials that were also featured on the channel up to that point. 
Though the Nicktoons branding has seldom been used by the network itself since the 2002 launch of the channel of the same name, original animated series continue to make up a substantial portion of Nickelodeon's lineup. Roughly 6 to 7 hours of these programs are seen on the weekday schedule, and around nine hours on weekends, including a dedicated weekend morning animation block.

Sister channels

Nick at Nite

Nick at Nite is a programming block for adults and older youth audiences. The block was founded in 1985. This block is similar to Adult Swim, the nighttime programming block for Cartoon Network.

Nick Jr.
Nick Jr.

Nick Jr. is a children's programming block for children aged 2-6. It was founded in 1988 as a programming block. A channel called Nick Jr. launched in 2009.

Nicktoons

Nicktoons is a programming block founded in 1991, the same day Doug, Rugrats and The Ren and Stimpy Show premiered. The programming block was repeated every Saturday and Sunday. A channel called Nicktoons launched in 2002. The channel is for ages 7-14.

TeenNick

TeenNick is a programming block teens ages of 13-19. It was founded in 2001. This block is for teenage audiences. The channel launched in 2009.

NickMusic

NickMusic is a channel that launched in 2002 as MTV Hits. It was changed later on.

NickRewind

NickRewind was a block on TeenNick from 2019-2022 and Nick at Nite from 2023-present on weekdays, that launched in 2011. It showed re-runs of old Nickelodeon shows.
Toys 
Pineapple house plush with mini SpongeBob
Jumbo SpongeBob
Mini SpongeBob keychain
Jumbo Patrick
Mini Patrick keychain
Jumbo Squidward
Beanie Squidward
Jumbo Pearl
Beanie Pearl
Mini Pearl keychain
Jumbo Mrs. Puff
Beanie Mrs. Puff
Mini Mrs. Puff keychain
Jumbo Sandy
Beanie Sandy
Mini Sandy keychain
Mini Plankton keychain

Notes

Related pages 

List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon
List of movies by Nickelodeon
Nicktoons
Nick.com
The Club (Nickelodeon)
MTV
Nick Jr. Channel
NickRewind Jr. (Untied States)

References

Other websites 
 Official site (United States)
 Official site (United Kingdom)

 
American television networks
Viacom
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician and philanthropist. He was the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Before becoming president, Carter was a Georgia state senator from 1963 to 1967 and the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975.

Born and raised in Plains, Georgia, Carter graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1946 with a Bachelor of Science degree and joined the United States Navy. In 1953, Carter left the military and returned home to Georgia to take charge of the family's peanut-growing business. Carter was against racial segregation and supported the growing civil rights movement. He became an activist in the Democratic Party. From 1963 to 1967, Carter was in the Georgia State Senate, and in 1970, he was elected as Governor of Georgia. He was governor until 1975.
In 1980, Carter ran against Senator Ted Kennedy in the Democratic primaries and won re-nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention. Carter lost the presidential election to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan in a landslide. Polls of historians and political scientists usually see Carter as an average president; becoming more popular for his humanitarian work after leaving office.

In 1982, Carter created the Carter Center to focus on human rights across the world. He has traveled to support peace talks, look over elections, and support ending deadly diseases. In 2002, he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Carter is seen as an important person in the Habitat for Humanity charity. He has written over 30 books from memoirs to poetry. Carter is the longest-lived president, the longest-retired president, the first to live forty years after their inauguration, and the first to reach the age of 95.
Early life
Carter was born on October 1, 1924, at Lillian Carter Health and Rehabilitation in Plains, Georgia. Carter was the first U.S. president to be born in a hospital. He was the oldest son of Bessie Lillian () and James Earl Carter Sr. He is distantly related to President Richard Nixon and Bill Gates. The family moved several times when Carter was an infant. The Carters settled on a dirt road in nearby Archery.

Carter attended the Plains High School from 1937 to 1941. He also joined the Future Farmers of America and developed a lifelong interest in woodworking.

After high school, Carter went to Georgia Southwestern College, in Americus, Georgia. He took extra mathematics courses at Georgia Tech.
In 1943, Carter was accepted to the United States Naval Academy. While at the academy, Carter fell in love with Rosalynn Smith. The two married shortly after his graduation in 1946. He was a sprint football player for the Navy Midshipmen. Carter graduated 60th out of 820 midshipmen in the class of 1946 with a Bachelor of Science degree and became an ensign.

From 1946 to 1953, Carter and Rosalynn lived in Virginia, Hawaii, Connecticut, New York and California, during his time in the Atlantic and Pacific fleets. In 1948, he began officers' training for being in a submarine. He was promoted to lieutenant junior grade in 1949.

In 1952, Carter began his work with the US Navy's nuclear submarine program. He was sent to the Naval Reactors Branch of the Atomic Energy Commission in Washington, D.C. for three month. During this time, Rosalynn moved with their children to Schenectady, New York.
In March 1953, Carter began nuclear power school at Union College in Schenectady. Carter's father died and he was released from active duty to allow him to take over the family peanut business. Carter left active duty on October 9, 1953.

He was not active at the Navy Reserve until 1961, and left the service as a lieutenant. His awards included the American Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, China Service Medal, and National Defense Service Medal.
Farming life
Carter's father, James died after having recently been elected to the Georgia House of Representatives. For a year, Jimmy, Rosalynn, and their three sons lived in public housing in Plains. Carter is the only U.S. president to have lived in public housing before he took office. Carter wanted to expand the family's peanut-growing business. His first-year harvest failed because of  droughts, however Carter wanted to open many bank lines of credit to keep the farm going. He also took classes and read on agriculture while Rosalynn learned accounting to manage the business. Even though they struggled at first, the Carters grew the peanut business and became successful.
Georgia State Senator, 1963–1967
Carter, who was against racial segregation, was inspired to run for office over the racial tensions in the country. By 1961 he was a known member of the Plains community and the Baptist Church as well as chairman of the Sumter County school board. At the school board, Carter spoke against racial segregation in public schools.

In 1962, Carter announced his run for a seat in the Georgia State Senate. At first, the results showed Carter losing, but this was the result of fraudulent voting done by the Democratic Party chairman in Quitman County. Carter challenged the results; when fraud was confirmed, a new election was held, which he won.
Beginning in 1962, Americus was known where black protesters were hit and abused. Carter did not say anything about this at first. He did speak about some race issues such as giving speeches against literacy tests and against a change to the state constitution. When President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Carter called it "the greatest blow that I had suffered since my father died".

Two years later, Carter was in charge of the Democratic Executive Committee, where he helped rewrite the state party's rules. He became chairman of the West Central Georgia Planning and Development Commission.

When Bo Callaway was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 1964, Carter wanted to run against him in the next election. The two had fought over which two-year college would be expanded to a four-year college. Carter wanted it to go to his alma mater, Georgia Southwestern College, but Callaway wanted the funding to go to downtown Columbus.
Carter was re-elected in 1964 to a second two-year term. For a time in the State Senate, he was in charge of its Education Committee and also was part of the Appropriations Committee toward the end of his second term. Before his term ended he worked on a bill expanding statewide education funding and getting Georgia Southwestern a four-year program. The last day of the term, he announced his run for the United States House of Representatives.

1966 and 1970 campaigns for governor

Carter ran for the United States House of Representatives for Georgia's 3rd district in 1966 against Bo Callaway. However, Callaway ended his campaign to run for Governor of Georgia. Callaway became a Republican in 1964. Carter later wanted to run for governor against Callaway. In the Democratic primary, he ran against the liberal former Governor Ellis Arnall and the conservative Lester Maddox.
Governor Maddox was not allowed to run for a second term as governor in 1970. Carter had to run against Carl Sanders in the 1970 Democratic primary. Carter was more conservative than before during this primary election.

That September, Carter was beating Sanders in the first round by 49% to 38%. Since no one won more than half the vote, they went into a second round. Carter won the Democratic nomination with 59% of the vote against Sanders's 40%. In the general election, Carter beat Republican candidate Hal Suit, winning 59% of the vote against Suit's 40%.
Governor of Georgia, 1971–1975
Carter became the 76th Governor of Georgia on January 12, 1971. In his inaugural speech, he said that "the time of racial discrimination is over. ... No poor, rural, weak, or black person should ever have to bear the additional burden of being [without] the opportunity for an education, a job or simple justice". Time ran a story on the progressive "New South" governors elected that year in a May 1971 cover. The cover of the magazine had Carter.

Lester Maddox, who Carter replaced as governor, became lieutenant governor. Richard Russell Jr., then President pro tempore of the United States Senate, died in office during Carter's second week in office. Carter picked David H. Gambrell, state Democratic Party chair, to replace Russell's in the United States Senate.
Carter wanted to grow the governor's power while making the state government easier to run. He supported a bill that could give him the power of executive restructuring and to force a vote on it. The plan was not popular in the state legislature. But after two weeks of talking about the plan, it was passed. He lowered the number of state agencies from 300 to 22.

In April 1971, while on television, Carter was asked if he supported the idea of governor and lieutenant governor running together. He said, "I've never really thought we needed a lieutenant governor in Georgia. The lieutenant governor is part of the executive branch of government and I've always felt—ever since I was in the state Senate—that the executive branches should be separate". In July 1971, while in Columbus, Georgia, Carter created a Georgia Human Rights Council that would help solve issues in the state of any possible violence.
The number of black state workers, judges, and board members grew when Carter was governor. He put paintings of Martin Luther King Jr. in the capitol building, while the Ku Klux Klan were at the ceremony protesting. While on television with Governor of Florida Reubin Askew in January 1973, Carter said he supported a constitutional amendment to ban busing and to make desegregation in schools faster. He supported an anti-busing plan with George Wallace at the 1971 National Governors Conference. Carter signed a new death penalty law after the United States Supreme Court rejected it. Carter later said he did not support the death penalty, saying, "I didn't see the injustice of it as I do now".

Carter wanted to give equal state aid to schools in the rich and poor areas of Georgia. He helped create centers for mentally handicapped children and education programs for convicts. He also wrote a program that made picking federal judges based on their experience over their political party possible.
In an unpopular move, Carter rejected a plan to build a dam on Georgia's Flint River. He said that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was not giving the right numbers on the project's cost and possible harm on the region. The veto became popular with environmentalists across the country.

Carter was not allowed to run for re-election because of term limits. Wanting to run for president, Carter was active in national politics and public appearances. He was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention, where Carter hoped he would be George McGovern's vice presidential pick. He supported Senator Henry "Scoop" Jackson, to not support George Wallace.

In May 1973, Carter told the Democratic Party to not make the Watergate scandal a political issue.

1976 presidential campaign

Democratic primary

On December 12, 1974, Carter announced his candidacy for President of the United States at National Press Club in Washington, D.C. He talked about inequality, optimism, and change.
When Carter first announced his presidential run for the Democratic Party presidential nomination, he was seen as having little chances against better-known politicians. However, by March 1976 Carter was doing better in polls against other candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination. He was also ahead of President Ford by a few percentage points. Carter wrote Why Not the Best? in June 1976 to help make his name known  for the American public.

Carter won the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary. In the South, Carter ran as a moderate and in the North, Carter ran as a conservative Christian. He had visited 37 states, and gave over 200 speeches before any other candidate entered the race. Carter ended up winning 30 states, with a total of 6,235,609 (39.2%) of the popular vote. He was officially nominated as the Democratic nominee at the national convention. He picked U.S. Senator Walter Mondale from Minnesota as his vice president pick.
During his presidential campaign in April 1976, Carter said to an interviewer, "I have nothing against a community that is ... trying to maintain the ethnic purity of their neighborhoods". Carter said he understood why some neighborhoods were against desegregation. However, he also supported open-housing laws that make it illegal not to sell or rent a house or apartment to a person based on their race. His comments were unpopular with many Americans.

Carter's campaign supported congressional campaigns using public financing, creating a federal agency for consumer protection, creating a separate department for education, signing an agreement that would stop the Soviet Union from using nuclear weapons, lowering money given to the military, increasing taxes for the rich and lowering them for the middle class, supporting the Social Security Act, and having a budget that would give money to government resources.

1976 general election
Carter and President Gerald Ford were in three televised debates during the 1976 election. The debates were the first presidential debates since 1960.

Carter was interviewed by Robert Scheer of Playboy for the November 1976 issue, which hit the newsstands a couple of weeks before the election. While discussing his religion's view of pride, Carter said: "I've looked on a lot of women with lust. I've committed adultery in my heart many times". He also said in another interview that he did not mind if people said the word "fuck". This led to a media to criticize the idea if politicians should be separated from their political campaigns and  their private intimate lives.
Carter began the race with a lead over Ford, who narrowed the gap during the campaign, but lost to Carter in by a small margin on November 2, 1976. Carter won the popular vote by 50.1 percent to 48.0 percent for Ford, and received 297 electoral votes to Ford's 240. Carter won fewer states than Ford, with Carter winning 23 states compared to Ford winning 27.

Presidency, 1977–81
Carter was inaugurated as president on January 20, 1977.

Domestic policies

Energy crisis
Energy crisis

On April 18, 1977, Carter gave a televised speech saying that the U.S. energy crisis during the 1970s was like war. He supported energy conservation by all Americans and added solar water heating panels on the White House. He wore sweaters because he turned down the heat in the White House. On August 4, 1977, Carter created the Department of Energy. During the signing event, Carter said the current "crisis of energy shortages" made him create the Department of Energy. Carter said that the House of Representatives had created many energy saving ideas. A month later, on October 13, Carter stated he believed in the Senate's power to pass the energy reform bill. He said that "the most important domestic issue that we will face while I am in office" was the energy crisis.
On January 12, 1978, during a press conference, Carter said plans about his energy reform proposal were not being made and that Congress was not being respectful.
In April 1978, Carter said his biggest surprise since becoming president was the how hard it was for Congress to pass an energy reform bill.

On March 1, 1979, Carter wanted to create a gasoline rationing plan with Congress approving it. On April 5, he talked about how important energy conservation is. At the end of the month, Carter said it was important that the Congress pass his gas rationing plan. On July 15, 1979, Carter said the crisis was a "crisis of confidence" among the American people. Many did not like Carter's speech. People thought Carter for not doing enough to solve the crisis. Many believed he wanted Americans to do most of the work instead of the government.

EPA Love Canal Superfund
In 1978, Carter said the Love Canal accident in the city of Niagara Falls, New York was a federal emergency. During the 1940s, the canal was used as the site to dump chemical products from dyes, perfumes, and solvents for rubber and synthetic resins. More than 800 families were evacuated from the neighborhood, which was built on top of a toxic waste landfill. The Superfund law was created because of Love Canal. Carter said that many places like "Love Canals" existed across the country. He said that discovering hazardous dumpsites was "one of the [saddest] discoveries of our modern era".

In 1979, the Environmental Protection Agency said that people living near the Love Canal accident were at risk for leukemia.

Economy
Economy

Carter had many problems with the economy when he became president. He tried to continue the recovery from the severe 1973–75 recession. His economy also had high inflation, with very high interest rates, oil shortages, and slow economic growth. In his first two years, Carter created millions of new jobs.

The 1979 energy crisis ended job growth, however, and both inflation and interest rates rose. Economic growth, job creation, and consumer confidence quickly went down. There was also not a lot of gasoline because of the oil crisis.

Carter signed the Airline Deregulation Act into law on October 24, 1978. The main purpose was to remove government control over fees, routes and airline market from commercial aviation. The Civil Aeronautics Board's powers of regulation were removed. The act did not remove the FAA's powers over airline safety.
In 1979, Carter deregulated the American beer industry by making it legal to sell malt, hops, and yeast to American home brewers for the first time since the beginning of Prohibition in the United States. This led to an increase in home brewing over the 1980s and 1990s that by the 2000s.

Healthcare

During his presidential campaign, Carter wanted to fix healthcare in the country.

Carter's plans on healthcare included an April 1977 mandatory health care cost proposal, and a June 1979 plan that gave private health insurance coverage. Carter saw the June 1979 plan as a growing part of Medicare and Medicaid. The April 1977 mandatory health care cost plan was passed in the Senate, and later was not approved in the House.

During 1978, Carter also had meetings with Kennedy for a healthcare law that did not pass the U.S. House. Carter later blamed Kennedy for his healthcare plans not being approved in Congress.

Education
Education

Carter worked with Congress to create an education department. In February 1978, Carter said that education is very important and should not be in control over many departments. On February 8, 1979, Carter released a plan to create an education department. On October 17, 1979, Carter signed a law that created the United States Department of Education.

Carter grew the Head Start program by adding 43,000 children and families. In a November 1980 speech, Carter said he would allow the Head Start to migrant children and wanted to increase building schools near the Mexico–United States border in Texas.

Foreign policies

Peace treaties

In September 1977, Carter and General Omar Torrijos signed the Panama Canal Treaty. The treaties would give Panama control of the Panama Canal after 1999. This would remove United States control of the canal. The second treaty said that Panama would have full control of the canal. The treaty was not popular with conservatives.
In September 1978, Carter created many political agreements between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Camp David. The two agreements were signed at the White House. The second of these frameworks helped create the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty.

Africa
Carter spoke to African officials at the United Nations about his support of democratic elections and power in African countries. Carter later said his plans for wanting "to work with South Africa in dealing with the threats to peace in Namibia and in Zimbabwe" and to end racial issues like apartheid.

Carter visited Nigeria from March 31 to April 3, 1978, trying to fix relations with the country. He was the first U.S. president to visit Nigeria. Carter wanted to create peace in Rhodesia.

On May 16, 1979, the Senate voted in favor of President Carter ending economic sanctions against Rhodesia.

Iran hostage crisis

In November 1977, Carter said he wanted to have a good partnership between the United States and Iran.
Soviet Union
On February 8, 1977, Carter said he had wanted the Soviet Union to work with the United States to stop nuclear testing. During a June 13 meeting, Carter said that the United States would begin to talk to the Soviet Union about demilitarization of the Indian Ocean. On December 30, Carter said that the United States and the Soviet Union have made great progress on talking about important issues. These talks helped create the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II by Carter and Leonid Brezhnev on June 18, 1979.
South Korea
In March 1977, Carter supported removing American troops from South Korea. He wanted South Korea to have their own military forces to protect themselves from North Korea. Carter's move to remove the troops was unpopular with military officials. In May, Carter said he believed South Korea would be able to defend themselves without as many American troops. From June 30 to July 1, 1979, Carter had meetings with President of South Korea Park Chung-hee at the Blue House.

1980 presidential election

Democratic primary challenge
Carter said that the liberal part of the Democratic Party did not support his policies the most. He said they were caused by Senator Ted Kennedy's plan to replace him as president. Kennedy announced his plans to run for president in November 1979. Kennedy did not run a good campaign and Carter won most of the primaries. Carter won the Democratic re-nomination, however, Kennedy gave Carter weak support from the Liberal Democrats in the general election. Carter and Vice President Walter Mondale were nominated at the Democratic National Convention in New York City.

General election

Carter's campaign for re-election in 1980 was not easy as he ran against Republican Ronald Reagan. His campaign manager and former appointments secretary, Timothy Kraft, left the campaign five weeks before the election because of possible cocaine use. On October 28, Carter and Reagan had the only presidential debate of the election. Reagan was losing to Carter at first, but after the debates, Reagan became popular.
Carter lost his re-election to Reagan in a landslide victory. Reagan won 489 of the electoral votes and Carter won 49. After the election, Carter said that he was hurt by the outcome of the election.

Post-presidency

Shortly after losing his re-election bid, Carter told the White House press corps that he wanted his retirement to be similar than that of Harry S. Truman and not use his public life to make himself rich. In October 1986, his presidential library was opened in Atlanta, Georgia.

At aged 88, Carter built homes in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, and partnered with former presidents to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities.
Carter went to the opening ceremonies of his presidential library and those of Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. He gave eulogies at the funerals of Coretta Scott King Gerald Ford, Theodore Hesburgh, and John Lewis. He has gone to the state funeral of every former president since he left office: Nixon in 1994, Reagan in 2004, Ford in 2006 and Bush Sr. in 2018. When going to the inauguration of Donald Trump in 2017, he became the oldest former president to go to one.

In 1982, Carter founded the Carter Center, a non-governmental and non-profit organization with the purpose of spreading human rights and end human suffering. He wanted to help improve the quality of life for people in more than 80 countries.

Diplomacy
Diplomacy

In 1994, President Bill Clinton wanted Carter's help in a North Korea peace mission. Carter talked with Kim Il-sung about a possible peace deal. Carter went to North Korea to help release of Aijalon Gomes in August 2010. In 2017, Carter said that he had talked to the Trump administration about having him talk to North Korea about peace.

In October 1984, Carter was named an honorary citizen of Peru. Carter supported the country's elections in 2001, and supported the Peruvian government after meeting President of Peru Alan García in April 2009, where he was honored with a medal.

In his February 1986 talks with Tomás Borge, Carter helped support the release of journalist Luis Mora and labor leader Jose Altamirano, while in Nicaragua for three days.

Carter went to Cuba in May 2002 and talked to Fidel Castro. He went to Cuba again for three days in March 2011.
Carter went to the Middle East in September 1981 meeting with Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin. In March 1983, he went to Egypt to talk about the Palestine Liberation Organization. In December 2008, he met with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

Carter went to Syria in April 2008, visiting the grave of Yasser Arafat in Ramallah and he said he was not working with the Bush administration about meeting with Hamas leaders.

In July 2007, Carter worked Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg, South Africa to create The Elders. This group was meant focus on peace talks. Carter wanted to travel to Zimbabwe to support human rights in November 2008, but was stopped by President Robert Mugabe's government.

Carter went to Egypt and Tunisia in 1995 and 1996 to talk about violence in the Great Lakes region of Africa. He had an important role in talking about the Nairobi Agreement in 1999 between Sudan and Uganda.
Presidential politics
During the presidency of George W. Bush, Carter was against the Iraq War. He believed Bush wanted to remove Saddam Hussein by using lies. In May 2007, Carter stated the Bush administration "has been the worst in history" in terms of its impact in foreign affairs, Carter did not support Bush administration's handling of Hurricane Katrina.

Though he supported President Barack Obama in the early part of his presidency, Carter criticized his use of drone strikes against suspected terrorists, Obama's choice to keep Guantanamo Bay detention camp open, and use of surveillance programs.

In July 2016, Carter announced his support of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's presidential nomination during the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Carter said that the 2016 election would "define the US for a generation". He originally supported Vermont U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders and voted for him during the primaries in 2016.
During the Donald Trump presidency, Carter supported immigration reform through Congress, and did not support Trump for role during the national anthem protests.

In September 2019, Carter said he would support an "age-limit" for presidential candidates.

In August 2020, he supported former Vice President Joe Biden for president during a video played at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.

Personal life
Carter and Rosalynn Smith were married on July 7, 1946 in the Plains Methodist Church, the church of Rosalynn's family. They have three sons, one daughter, eight grandsons, three granddaughters, and two great-grandsons.

Carter and his wife Rosalynn are well known for their work as volunteers with Habitat for Humanity.

Carter's hobbies include painting, fly-fishing, woodworking, cycling, tennis, and skiing. He also has an interest in poetry.
Carter was also a personal friend of Elvis Presley. Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, met him on June 30, 1973, before Presley was to perform onstage in Atlanta. The day after Presley's death, Carter issued a statement and explained how he had "changed the face of American popular culture".

In 2000, Carter ended his membership with the Southern Baptist Convention, saying the group's ideas did not support with his Christian beliefs.

Carter became the oldest to ever attend a presidential inauguration in 2017, at age 92, and the first to live to the 40th anniversary of their own. Two years later, on March 22, 2019, he became the nation's longest-lived president. On October 1, 2019, Carter became the first U.S. president to live to the age of 95.

Health