Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A geographical pole is either of two points on the surface of a rotating planet where the axis of rotation meets the surface of the planet. The north geographical pole of a body is 90 degrees north of the equator. The south geographical pole lies 90 degrees south of the equator.

Relative to Earth's surface, the geographic poles move by a few metres over periods of a few years. 

As cartography requires exact and unchanging coordinates, the average positions of the geographical poles are taken as fixed. These cartographic poles become the points where the body's great circles of longitude intersect.

Related pages 
 Magnetic pole

References

Physical geography
A spheroid is a kind of ellipsoid. It is got by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes. This means it is an ellipsoid with two equal semi-diameters.

Spheres are spheroids. Spheroids that are not spheres are either oblate or prolate.

Most celestial objects are oblate spheroids. They usually spin, and as they spin, centrifugal force pulls them into that shape. Few natural objects are prolate spheroids.

Related pages 
 Oblate spheroid
 Ellipsoid

Notes 

Three-dimensional shapes
Geodesy
The invariable plane of a planetary system is the plane passing through its barycenter (center of mass). 

In the Solar System, about 98% of this effect is from the mass of the four gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune).  The invariable plane is within 0.5° of the orbital plane of Jupiter. It is the weighted average of all planetary orbital and rotational planes.

The invariable plane is got from the sum of angular momenta, and is perpendicular to the angular momentum vector of the planets. It is almost invariable (unchanging) over the entire system.

Comments 
The Sun forms a counterbalance to all of the planets, so it is near the barycenter when Jupiter is on one side and the other three jovian planets (gas giants) are  opposite on the other side. The Sun moves 2.17 solar radii away from the barycenter when all jovian planets are in line on other side.
The orbital angular momenta of the Sun and all non-jovian planets, moons, and minor solar system bodies, as well as the axial rotation momenta of all bodies, totals only about 2%.

For almost all purposes the plane can be considered invariable (unchanging) when working in Newtonian dynamics.

References 

Celestial mechanics
The g-force of an object is its acceleration relative to free fall. On earth this is 1g, or 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s^2) or equivalently  newtons of force per kilogram of mass (N/kg). Astronauts experience unusually high and low g-forces. G-force can also be seen on rollercoasters. When the coaster goes down the drop, you are pushed back into your seat because of g-force. Negative g-forces is when gravity is pushing you downwards causing you to feel weightless. (Going down a rollercoaster) Positive g-forces is when gravity is pushing against you causing you to feel heavier. (Going up a rollercoaster) 

Mechanics
Sidereal time is a time-keeping system. It is used by astronomers to find celestial objects. Using sidereal time it is possible to point a telescope to the proper coordinates in the night sky. 

Sidereal time is a "time scale based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to the fixed stars". 

Because the Earth moves in its orbit about the Sun, a mean solar day is about four minutes longer than a sidereal day. Thus, a star appears to rise four minutes earlier each night, compared to solar time. Different stars are visible at different times of the year.

By contrast, solar time is reckoned by the movement of the Earth from the perspective of the Sun. An average solar day (24 hours) is longer than a sidereal day (23 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds) because of the amount the Earth moves each day in its orbit around the Sun.

Related pages
 Rotation period

References 

Celestial mechanics
Measurement
A scale height is a term for a distance over which a quantity decreases by a factor of e (the base of natural logarithms). The scale height is usually shown by a capital letter H.

Atmosphere
Meteorology
Several impacts have been seen on the face of Jupiter

July 1994

In July 1994, a comet broke up into many pieces and then crashed into Jupiter over the course of many days. The comet was called Shoemaker-Levy 9. The largest pieces left scars on the face of Jupiter. Some of the scars were larger than the Earth.

19 July 2009
 
A large impact was observed with the Keck II telescope and its near-infrared camera at Mauna Kea on July 20 11:20 UT. It occurred on the surface of Jupiter.

References

Other websites
Press release Keck Observatory 

Impact
Ja zuster, nee zuster (in English: Yes Nurse, No Nurse) was a very popular comedy series on Dutch television in the late 1960s.  It was set in a home for old people.  The Dutch title literally means, "Yes, Sister; No, Sister"; because in the Netherlands, as in Britain and many other countries, female nurses of a certain rank are called "Sister".

The series was broadcast between 1966 and 1968 and consisted of 20 episodes.  

The script was written by Annie M.G. Schmidt who was already very well known as a writer of books for children and scripts for television and radio programmes.  The songs were written by Harry Bannink.
Dutch people today, especially those who remember the original series, are very disappointed that, apart from one programme, the whole series has been lost.  This is because it was recorded on Ampex tape which was very expensive so, after the episodes had been shown on television, other television programmes were recorded on the same tape over the top of it.  Some of the film that was shot outside has been preserved.  15 of the songs from the series have also been preserved.  They were made into a gramophone record (LP) and later into a CD.

A film with the same title, based on the series, was produced in 2002.  It starred Loes Luca as Zuster (Sister) Klivia and Paul Kooij as her landlord and nextdoor neighbour, Buurman Boordevol.
The story
The stories in the television series are about a group of people who live in “Rusthuis Klivia”.  The word “rusthuis” means “resthouse”.  It is usually used in Dutch to describe an old people’s home (retirement home), although some of the actors in the programme were not really old.  There was always chaos in the home.  The characters were very strange.   One of them grew spinach in the garden, one of them was an engineer who was always doing experiments in the cellar.  One of them was a burglar.   The neighbour tries to get everyone evicted (thrown out), but he never succeeds. 

Each episode had a guest actor who was often a well-known Dutch television personality.

There were many songs in the series.  The most popular ones include De kat van ome Willem (Uncle Williams’ Cat),  Ja Zuster, Nee Zuster (Yes Nurse, No Nurse), Niet met de deuren slaan (Don’t bang the doors) and M'n opa (My grandpa).
New versions
In 1999 a book was published with reconstructions of the stories.  An exhibition was opened between November 2002 and March 2003 in Hoorn, North Holland.  A musical is now being made which should be ready by 2009.  It will be performed in many theatres throughout the Netherlands.

Other websites
imdb.com

Dutch television programmes
Tom Gordon (born November 18 1967, in Sebring, Florida) was a pitcher for the New York Yankees.

1967 births
Living people
Boston Red Sox players
New York Yankees players
National League All-Stars
Paul Kalas (August 13, 1967) is an American astronomer. His discovery of a planet outside of our solar system become famous. The planet is referred to as Fomalhaut b.

References

Other website
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0811/0811.1994v2.pdf
P. G. Kalas at Berkeley

1967 births
Living people
American astronomers
On February 24, 2008, Cink was the runner-up in the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship played in Marana, Arizona, falling 8 & 7 in the 36-hole final to top-ranked Tiger Woods. In June 2008, he reached his highest ever ranking, sixth, in the Official World Golf Rankings with his victory at the Travelers Championship in suburban Hartford.

On July 19, 2009, Cink won his first major title at the 138th Open Championship at Turnberry, Scotland, defeating 59 year-old Tom Watson by six strokes in a four-hole playoff. Cink had birdied the 72nd hole while Watson bogeyed, which forced the playoff.

1973 births
Living people
American golfers
Sportspeople from Huntsville, Alabama
People from Florence, Alabama
Crocs are a type of plastic clogs. They have holes in the top of them so your feet can let in air. They also come in many different colours. You can buy different accessories to clip into the holes of the shoe.

The company who make them was founded in 2002 in Colorado.

Crocs started to make a comeback during the pandemic as crocs reported a 66.92% percent increase in sales from 2020 alone compared to 2021's sales. 

Sources - crocs source

Crocs' Official website 

2002 establishments in the United States
Colorado
Footwear
Buxton is a very small farming town in Maine. Around 7558 people live here.  It is in York County.

References 
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/US/23/Buxton.html

Towns in Maine
1772 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Maine
Searsport is a town in northern Maine.  It is where the Penobscot River joins the Penobscot Bay.  Searsport is Maine's second largest deep water port.  It is also an important town on the railroad.

References

Towns in Maine
Brock Edward Lesnar (born July 12, 1977) is an American professional wrestler and mixed martial artist.

Professional wrestling
Lesnar wrestled professionally for World Wrestling Entertainment from 2002 to 2004. When he was in the WWE, he won the WWE Championship three times, the King of the Ring tournament in 2002 and the Royal Rumble in 2003. He left the WWE in 2004 and travelled to Japan to wrestle for New Japan Pro Wrestling. While in Japan he won the IWGP Heavyweight Championship. Lesnar retired from professional wrestling to pursue a career in the UFC.

Lesnar made his return to WWE on April 2, 2012, delivering his finishing move the F5 to John Cena. He began a feud with Triple H and faced him at SummerSlam on August 19, 2012 and won by submission and broke Triple H's arm. He released a tout and said that he was quitting the WWE because he had conquered everything in the WWE.
He returned to the WWE again on January 28, 2013 and delivered an F5 to Vince McMahon as McMahon was about to fire Paul Heyman. The F5 resulted in McMahon's pelvis breaking.

Mixed martial arts
He fought in the UFC from 2008 to 2011, winning the UFC Heavyweight Championship before retiring from the UFC after losing his last match against Alistair Overeem at UFC 141.

References

Other websites

Brock Lesnar's profile on UFC.com

1977 births
Living people
American mixed martial artists
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from South Dakota
WWE wrestlers
Dover-Foxcroft is a town in northern Maine. Its ZIP code is 04426.

Towns in Maine
County seats in Maine
The Border is a 1982 American crime drama movie by director Tony Richardson. It stars Jack Nicholson, Warren Oates and Harvey Keitel.

The movie is set in Texas and is about a group of US Border Patrol agents who look after the border between the US and Mexico.

Other websites
 

1982 crime drama movies
1980s American crime drama movies
1980s English-language movies
Movies set in Texas
Movies directed by Tony Richardson
Universal Pictures movies
Hide and Seek is a suspense movie starring Robert DeNiro and Dakota Fanning. It was directed by John Polson.
There is 4 alternative endings.

Other websites 
 

2005 thriller movies
2005 horror movies
2000s psychological movies
American horror thriller movies
German horror movies
German thriller movies
20th Century Fox movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies set in New Jersey
ATP synthase is an enzyme found in cells that makes ATP from ADP(adenosine di-phosphate) and inorganic phosphate. The ATP synthase is powered by the difference of concentration of pH between inside and outside the place where the enzyme is located. The exact mechanism in which it does so is unknown, although it is believed to work like a rotating machine. 

Enzymes
The Bayreuth Festival (German: Bayreuther Festspiele, Bavarian: Bareida Festspui, East Franconian: Baraida Fesdspil) is a music festival held every year in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of operas by the 19th century German composer Richard Wagner are performed.  It was Wagner's own idea to start a festival for his operas in Bayreuth in a theatre which he designed himself because he was not satisfied with the way that theatres were usually designed.

The theatre that he designed is called the Festspielhaus (Festival House). Wagner watched the theatre being built, making sure that it was done the way he wanted it.  He had some new ideas about theatre design.  For example: he wanted the orchestra pit to be so low that the orchestra would not be seen by the audience.

When the theatre was opened in 1876 his cycle of operas called the  Der Ring des Nibelungen was performed complete for the first time.
The festival immediately became internationally famous.  Almost every serious musician in Europe wanted to go to Bayreuth to hear Wagner's music performed there.  Composers usually either loved it and were strongly influenced by it, or they hated it and reacted against it.

The festival still continues now.  Every August there is a festival of Wagner's operas.  It is extremely difficult to get tickets because so many people want to go.  People often wait for ten years before they can get a ticket.

The origins of the festival
Wagner wanted the festival to be in a small town where people could just concentrate on his music.  Bayreuth already had a theatre, the Markgräfliches Opernhaus, but it was not suitable for modern opera.  The town did not have a cultural life that would be in competition with Wagner's music.  Another reason for choosing Bayreuth was that it was in an area where the rights to perform his operas were still under his control (he had sold these rights in other areas many years earlier in order to raise money).

King Ludwig II of Bavaria gave a lot of money to Wagner to built the new opera house.  Wagner also made tours across Germany to get money for it. Societies were established to raise money.

The architect who designed the opera house was Gottfried Semper.
Early history
The opening took place on August 13, 1876, with a performance of Das Rheingold. A lot of important people were there, including Kaiser Wilhelm, Dom Pedro II of Brazil, King Ludwig (who came in secret, perhaps because he did not want to meet the Kaiser), and other members of the nobility, as well as the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, and the composers Anton Bruckner, Edvard Grieg, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, and Franz Liszt.  Hans Richter was the conductor.

During Wagner's life the festival just performed the Ring Cycle and, later, his opera Parsifal. After Wagner's death, his widow Cosima continued to run the festival.  She gradually introduced the other operas Wagner had written, so that all ten operas were in the repertoire. The operas were always performed exactly as Wagner had done.  Nothing was allowed to be changed in any way.
After Cosima retired from running the festival in 1906, Wagner's son Siegfried took over management of the festival.  He did some things differently, introducing new staging and performance styles. When he died in 1930 the festival was run by his widow Winifred.

Bayreuth under Nazi Germany 
In the 1920s, some years before the rise of the Nazi party, Winifred Wagner became a close friend of Adolf Hitler. Because of this, Bayreuth was able to continue getting a lot of money during the Nazi period.  Wagner's works were used by the Nazi as propaganda tools.   It is strange that Hitler went to performances in Bayreuth that included Jewish and foreign singers, long after they had been banned from performing in  all other places in Germany. Winifred's influence with Hitler was so strong that Hitler even wrote a letter  to the anti-fascist Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini, begging him to lead the festival. Toscanini refused.
It was during this time that the festival made its first break from tradition.  They stopped using the 19th century scenery on the stage.  Many people disagreed with this, including Toscanini and Richard Strauss, and even some members of the Wagner family.  They thought it should stay exactly like Wagner had known it.

During the war, the Nazi party ran the festival.  Operas were performed for soldiers who had been hurt in the fighting.  These soldiers were forced to go to lectures on Wagner before the performances, even if they were not interested in music.
The new festival
A lot of Bayreuth was destroyed by bombing in the last days of World War II, though the theatre itself was undamaged. After the war, Winifred Wagner was sentenced to probation by a war court because she had supported the Nazi party. Ironically, it was because of Winifred that the theatre was not bombed.  She had not allowed it to be used for military purposes, so it was not a military target.  After the war the theatre was used for other kinds of concerts for the next few years.  The festival started again in 1951, opening with a performance of Beethoven's Symphony no 9, followed by a performance of Wagner's opera, Parsifal
Wieland Wagner, the composer's grandson, had some very new ideas, including very abstract scenery.  Some of the audience even booed.  What Wieland was trying to do was to make a big break from the past with its association with Hitler.  Wieland died in 1966.  For a time people wondered whether the festival would continue.  There were a lot of arguments within the Wagner family.  Wieland's brother Wolfgang Wagner remained in charge of running the festival for the next 42 years, while the money was controlled by the Richard Wagner Foundation.

Wieland Wagner started a workshop in Bayreuth in which directors could meet and discuss new ideas for presenting the operas.  This made it easier for new ideas to be accepted, and gave new life to the festival.
The centenary of the festival was celebrated in 1976 with a great production of the Ring directed by the French director Patrice Chereau.  His production concentrated on showing how the Ring was about the 19th century working class being used by the wealthy capitalists.  Some people thought it was the best opera performance they had ever seen, others hated it.

21st century 

There has been a lot of uncertainty about what would happen after Wolfgang retired.  Many people wanted the festival to continue to be in the hands of the Wagner family.  On 1 September 2008, Wolfgang Wagner's daughters, Eva Wagner-Pasquier and Katharina Wagner, were named by Bavaria's culture minister to take over the Festival.  They have said that they want to "bring opera to the people". In 2009 Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde will be live on the web.  It will only cost £12.90 to watch online.  People will also be able to watch it for free on a big screen in the centre of Bayreuth.
Related pages
 Bayreuth Festspielhaus
 Wolfgang Wagner

References

Festivals in Germany
Bayreuth
1876 establishments in Europe
1870s establishments in Germany
Classical music festivals
Repertoire (pronounce: "Re-per-twahr") is a French word used in music and in the theatre.  It means a list of pieces of music or plays.  Sometimes the English word repertory is used.

When a pianist speaks about his or her "repertoire", it means all the pieces that he can play.  Most famous musicians have a wide repertoire (they can play a lot of pieces).

The "piano repertoire" means all music written for the piano.  The violin has a much larger solo repertoire than the viola.   That means that much more solo music has been written for the violin than for the viola.

A theatre company may have a "repertoire".  That means all the plays that they regularly perform.  Sometimes theatre companies are called "repertory theatres" because they have a particular list of plays that they perform.

References 

Music
Theater
Working class is a term used to describe people in society who have jobs which are not academic or highly paid. They're usually jobs which are physical, especially when they are paid an hourly wage.

Different societies will have different ideas about what "working class" is. People started talking about the working class after industrialization in the early 19th century.  Karl Marx wrote about the working class.

Working class contrasts with middle class and upper class, which are above working class. The underclass is below the working class.

Related pages
Apprentice
Constitution
Constitutional economics
Globalization
Household income in the United States
Minimum wage
Social class
Bourgeoisie
Middle class
Proletariat
Upper class
Trade union
Worker

Socialism
Social classes
Ludwig II (German: Ludwig der Zweite von Bayern; Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm; 25 August 1845 – 13 June 1886) was king of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly before his death (Bavaria is now part of Germany, but at that time it was a separate country). He is well known for his support for the composer Richard Wagner.

He is often referred to as the Mad King Ludwig because his behaviour was very odd. For example, he would leave his castle by climbing out of the window instead of walking out of the door. He is sometimes referred to as the Swan King in English and der Märchenkönig (the Fairy tale King) in German. This is because he built several very expensive and fancy castles, the most famous one being Neuschwanstein.

It is not clear whether his death by drowning was suicide or whether he was murdered.

Today tourists from all over the world visit the castles that he built. They also visit the Bayreuth Festspielhaus for which he gave a lot of money towards the building.

1845 births
1886 deaths
Kings of Bavaria
Real Burgos C.F. is a football club that played in Spain.

Name 
 1936-1948 Gimnástica Burgalesa
 1948-1983 Burgos C.F.
 1983-1996 Real Burgos C.F.
 2011-     Real Burgos C.F.

League position 

Spanish football clubs
Province of Burgos
When talking about manuscripts, and printing in general, a folio is a sheet, which is used on both sides. One of the sides is known as recto, the other one as verso.

Literature
Ivan (Janez) Regen (called Johann Regen) (December 9, 1868 – July 27, 1947), was a Slovenian biologist. He is best known for his studies in bioacoustics, the science of hearing and communicating.

Early life
Regen was born in the village of Lajše (now Slovenia). His mother encouraged his interest in insect sounds. His father lost a lot of money bring cloth into Slovenia and could not pay for Ivan to go to school. Ivan was given a scholarship so that he could go to school at the local seminary. He was able to save enough money go to study in Vienna. He studied natural history at the University of Vienna with teachers Grobben, Exner and Claus. He got his doctorate in 1897 and began to work as a school teacher in Vienna, and later in Hranice, Moravia. Exner helped him get a job back in Vienna. He worked in a secondary school there until his retirement in 1918.
Research
Regen began to study insects in great detail. He was one of the first Slovenian scientists to work in another country after World War I. He was the first scientist to study the grasshopper in a lot of detail. He studied katydid and cricket sounds, he proved that insects did react to sounds from each other. He was able to make crickets react to artificial sounds using a loudspeaker. In one experiment, he used a telephone to send sounds from one cricket to another in different rooms. Later, he showed that insects hear with their ear drum. He was the first person to work out what the ear drum does. He is the person who started the study of bioacoustics. He also studied the insects breathing, their hibernation, coloring, and how they shed their skin.
Regen's largest project was his "geobiological laboratory", a large glass cage, called a terrarium. He used this to study the way crickets could find other crickets using sounds; this is called phonotaxis. Using up to 1600 females with normal or damaged hearing, he was able to work out how they did this.

He worked for himself after 1911, but he supported several groups and organizations in Slovenia. He started using Slovene terminology in his areas of study. In 1921, he was asked to be a professor at the University of Ljubljana, but did not take it. In 1940, he became a member of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and was also a member of Slovenian Society of Natural History.
Even though he was a famous scientist known around the world, he was poor and lived alone. His experiments were paid for by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, but he was not allowed to be a member. He did all his work at home. After his death, a lot of his special equipment such as microphones, oscilloscopes, galvanometer, and his written notes were destroyed.

References

1868 births
1947 deaths
Biologists
Slovenian scientists
The mole crickets are the family Gryllotalpidae, of broad insects about 3–5 cm (1-2 inches) long, with large eyes and shovel-like forelimbs for burrowing and swimming.

Mole crickets are omnivores or meat eaters, feeding on larvae, worms, roots, and grasses. Common predators of mole crickets include birds, rats, skunks, armadillos, raccoons and foxes.

Orthoptera
is a former Japanese football player.

Biography
Tsuchida was born in Okayama on February 1, 1967. After graduating from Osaka University of Economics, he joined Japan Soccer League club Mitsubishi Motors (later Urawa Reds) in 1989. He played many matches as goalkeeper from 1991. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. He battles with Yuki Takita for the position for a long time. He played as regular goalkeeper in 1994 and 1995. However he lost regular position for injury in 1996, and his opportunity to play decreased from 1997. He could not play at all in the matches from 1999. He retired with rival Takita end of 2000 season.

In 1988, when Tsuchida was an Osaka University of Economics student, he was selected Japan national "B team" for 1988 Asian Cup. At this competition, he played one game. However, Japan Football Association don't count as Japan national team match because this Japan team was "B team" not "top team".

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Mitsubishi Motors||JSL Division 2||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1991/92||12||0||3||0||1||0||16||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="9"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="8"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||4||0||9||0||13||0
|-
|1993||13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|-
|1994||43||0||3||0||2||0||48||0
|-
|1995||47||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||50||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||14||0||2||0||2||0||18||0
|-
|1998||17||0||0||0||4||0||21||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||J2 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
150||0||15||0||18||0||183||0
150||0||15||0||18||0||183||0
|}

References

Other websites

1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Okayama Prefecture
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|NTT Kanto||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||15||0||||||0||0||15||0
|-
|1991/92||25||0||||||1||0||26||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="9"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|1996||30||1||4||0||14||0||48||1
|-
|1997||18||0||0||0||6||0||24||0
|-
|1998||17||0||3||0||0||0||20||0
|-
|1999||30||0||2||0||4||0||36||0
|-
|2000||J. League 2||32||0||0||0||0||0||32||0
186||1||9||0||28||0||223||1
186||1||9||0||28||0||223||1
|}

References

1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Diego Forlán (born 19 May 1979) is a Uruguayan football player. He played for Atlético Madrid and the Uruguay national team and is currently a free agent searching for new offers.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="4"|Independiente||rowspan="4"|Primera División||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1999/00||24||7||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||7
|-
|2000/01||36||18||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||2||42||20
|-
|2001/02||18||12||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||1||23||13

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Manchester United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||13||0||0||0||0||0||5||0||18||0
|-
|2002/03||25||6||2||0||5||2||13||1||45||9
|-
|2003/04||24||4||2||1||1||1||4||2||31||8
|-
|2004/05||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Villarreal||rowspan="3"|La Liga||38||25||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||38||25
|-
|2005/06||32||10||2||0||colspan="2"|-||13||3||45||13
|-
|2006/07||36||19||2||1||colspan="2"|-||2||1||40||21
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||36||16||6||1||colspan="2"|-||11||6||53||23
|-
|2008/09||33||32||3||1||colspan="2"|-||9||2||45||35
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
80||37||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||3||91||40
63||10||4||1||6||3||23||3||96||17
175||102||13||3||colspan="2"|-||35||12||223||117
318||149||17||4||6||3||69||18||410||174
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2002||5||2
|-
|2003||7||5
|-
|2004||11||2
|-
|2005||9||2
|-
|2006||3||0
|-
|2007||9||5
|-
|2008||7||3
|-
|2009||9||3
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||60||22
|}

References 

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Montevideo
Augusto Pedro de Souza (born 5 November 1968) is a former Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="5"|Goiás||rowspan="2"|Série A||19||2||||||||||19||2
|-
|1993||13||0||||||||||13||0
|-
|1994||Série B||||||||||||||||
|-
|1995||rowspan="2"|Série A||15||1||||||||||15||1
|-
|1996||24||0||||||||||24||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Portuguesa Desportos||rowspan="3"|Série A||||||||||||||||
|-
|1998||27||1||||||||||27||1
|-
|1999||27||1||||||||||27||1
|-
|1999||Corinthians Paulista||Série A||15||0||||||||||15||0
|-
|2000||Botafogo||Série A||||||||||||||||
|-
|2000||América||Série A||20||0||||||||||20||0
|-
|2001||Botafogo||Série A||||||||||||||||
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||5||3||1||4||0||20||6
|-
|2002||29||4||5||1||9||1||43||6
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||41||17||0||0||colspan="2"|-||41||17
|-
|2004||31||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||31||8
|-
|2005||J. League 1||33||5||1||0||5||1||39||6
160||5||||||||||160||5
147||39||9||2||18||2||174||43
307||44||9||2||18||2||334||48
|}

References
Kawasaki Frontale Profile

1968 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
People from Brasília
Ned Zelić (born 4 July 1971) is a former Australian football player. He has played for Australia national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1989||rowspan="3"|Sydney Croatia||rowspan="3"|National Soccer League||8||0||||||||||8||0
|-
|1989/90||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|1990/91||26||0||||||||||26||0
|-
|1991/92||Sydney Olympic||National Soccer League||16||1||||||||||16||1

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||19||0||||||||||19||0
|-
|1993/94||18||1||||||||||18||1
|-
|1994/95||4||0||||||||||4||0

|-
|1995/96||Queens Park Rangers||Premier League||4||0||||||||||4||0

|-
|1995/96||Eintracht Frankfurt||Bundesliga||17||1||||||||||17||1

|-
|1996/97||Auxerre||Division 1||12||0||||||||||12||0

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="5"|1860 München||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||13||0||||||||||13||0
|-
|1998/99||33||1||||||||||33||1
|-
|1999/00||23||2||||||||||23||2
|-
|2000/01||27||0||||||||||27||0
|-
|2001/02||6||0||||||||||6||0
|-
|2002||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2003||22||2||1||0||7||0||30||2

|-
|2004/05||Wacker Innsbruck||Bundesliga||22||0||||||||||22||0

|-
|2005/06||Newcastle United Jets||A-League||21||1||||||||||21||1

|-
|2006/07||Helmond Sport||Eerste Divisie||7||0||||||||||7||0

|-
|2006/07||Dinamo Tbilisi||Umaglesi Liga||11||0||||||||||11||0
73||2||||||||||73||2
160||5||||||||||160||5
4||0||||||||||4||0
12||0||||||||||12||0
24||2||2||0||7||0||33||2
22||0||||||||||22||0
7||0||||||||||7||0
11||0||||||||||11||0
313||9||2||0||7||0||322||9
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1991||3||0
|-
|1992||5||0
|-
|1993||5||1
|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||14||2
|-
!Total||32||3
|}

References 

1971 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Sportspeople from Sydney
Baccarat is a town in the Meurthe-et-Moselle area in northeastern France.

Crystal

In 1764, King Louis the fifteenth allowed to the Bishop of Metz to start a glass factory at Baccarat. The Baccarat crystalworks are famous for their glass and crystal artwork, and the Musée du Cristal, owned by the company, is Lorraine's biggest private museum.

Sights

The Church of Saint Rémy is well known for its artistic glass windows.

Related pages
Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department

Other websites
  http://www.ville-baccarat.fr 

Communes in Meurthe-et-Moselle
Gun dogs or gundogs, also called bird dogs, are types of dogs used to help hunters find and retrieve game (the animals the hunters are hunting), usually birds. 

Gundogs are divided into three primary types: retrievers, flushing dogs, and pointing breeds. Flushing dogs flush game from hiding. Pointer dogs point their muzzle towards game to allow the hunter to locate the animal. Retrievers retrieve game once it is killed. Some kennel clubs define a Gundog Group for gundogs, while other kennel clubs include them in the Sporting Group. The three most popular types are: Spaniel, Golden Retriever and Labrador.

Other websites
Gun dog magazine

Working dogs
The Alaskan Klee Kai is a northern breed of dog of the spitz type. The term "Klee Kai" was derived from Alaskan Athabaskan (Eskimo) words meaning "small dog". The breed was developed to create a pet sized version of the Alaskan Husky, but it more closely resembles the Siberian Husky. This result makes it an energetic, intelligent, apartment-sized dog with an appearance that reflects its northern heritage.

These dogs can come in a variety of different coat colors: black and white, gray and white, red and white and all white. They have a double coat, which means it is thicker.

In 1997, the United Kennel Club recognized the Alaskan Klee Kai.  It is a rare breed with not very many dogs.

References

Other websites 
 Dog Breed Info.com

Dog breeds originating in the United States
Rare dog breeds
The Alaskan Malamute is a breed of domestic dog. It was originally bred for use as an Alaskan sled dog. This dog is usually large in size. It is sometimes mistaken for a Siberian Husky. The Alaskan Malamute is strong and powerful and was used to carry heavy loads for long distances. 

This dog is the largest and oldest of the Arctic sled dogs. Malamutes can be family pets, but are very active.  They enjoy sledding, running and swimming with their owners. Their coat  is thick and comes in colors from light gray to black or from sable to red. They have a plumed tail.

References 

Dog breeds originating in the United States
FCI breeds
The Aidi or Chien de l'Atlas is a Moroccan dog breed used to protect flocks of sheep and goats. It also can hunt and smell very well.. In its native Morocco it is often paired in hunting with the Sloughi, which chases down prey that the Aidi has found by sniffing it out.

Other websites 
 Breed Details from THE AMERICAN RARE BREED ASSOCIATION 

Dog breeds
FCI breeds
Working dogs
The Airedale Terrier (often shortened to "Airedale") is a breed of the terrier type, that first came from Airedale, a geographic area in Yorkshire, England. 

It traditionally was called the "King of Terriers" because before the creation of the Black Russian Terrier, the Airedale was largest of the terrier breeds. The breed has also been called the Waterside Terrier, because it was bred to hunt otters in and around the valleys of the River Aire in Airedale. In England this breed has also been used as a police dog.

Other websites
 Planet Airedale The Global Airedale Terrier Club, with hundreds of pictures of Airedale Terriers from around the world.

Terriers
FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in England
Dog breeds originating in the United Kingdom
Xinjiang (also transliterated as Sinkiang) is a northwestern region of the People's Republic of China. Like all of China, it is also claimed by the Republic of China. It is a large area with few people. It is over 1.6 million km2, which takes up about one sixth of the country's land. It is mainly inhabited by Uyghurs who are Turkic people.

In the 19th century, when the name of the Silk Road was first used by a German geographer, it just included the land route from Xinjiang to Central Asia. Xinjiang sits at the heart of the Silk Road in China. At that time, the country was often called "Chinese Turkestan" for its many Turkic peoples.

Xinjiang borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and Jammu and Kashmir's Leh District to the south and Qinghai and Gansu provinces to the southeast, Mongolia to the east, Russia to the north and Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan to the west, Pakistan and Kashmir region  to the southwest.
Ürümqi is the capital of Xinjiang and the largest city in Western China. It also holds the world record for being the most remote city from any sea in the world; it is 2,500 km from any coastline.

The east-west chain of the Tian Shan Mountains separate Dzungaria in the north from the Tarim Basin in the south. Dzungaria is dry steppe. The Tarim Basin is desert surrounded by oases. In the east is the Turpan Depression. The Taklamakan Desert is also in Xinjiang. Ürümqi, the capital, Turpan, Kashgar, Karamay, Yining and Shihezi are the major cities.

References

Other websites 

 Xinjiang Government official website 
 Photos of Xinjiang Ethnic Groups & Food
Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 was a scheduled commercial flight from Tehran, Iran, to Yerevan, Armenia, that crashed near the village of Jannatabad, outside the city of Qazvin in north-western Iran, on 15 July 2009.

References

Other websites
 "Meeting Notes Moscow IAC July 6, 2010." ( ) Iran Civil Aviation Organization. 
 "Ту-154М EP-CPG 15.07.2009."  ( ) Interstate Aviation Committee. 

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009
2009 in Asia
2000s in Iran
Disasters in Iran
Aviation accidents and incidents in Asia
July events
The least skipper (Ancyloxypha numitor) is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae.  It is native to North America.  They have a weak, bouncy flight.

The least skipper can be found in damp or wet habitats with tall grasses. In the northern part of the its range, adults may be seen from May to September.  In the southern part of its range, adults can be found from February to December. It may be seen all year in southern Florida.

Description
The least skipper has rounded wings and a skinny body.  Their antennae are checkered and have no hooks.  Male least skipper do not have stigmata. The upper side of the top wing is dark brown, sometimes having orange on it. The bottom wing is orange with a dark brown border around it. The underside of the wings is bright orange.  The bottom wing's veins are a whitish color.  Its wingspan (length of the wings) is ¾ to 1 inch.
Life cycle
Males find females by looking for them in tall grasses.  Females lay their eggs one at a time on the caterpillar's host plant (the plant that the caterpillar feeds on).  The eggs are pale yellow. The caterpillar makes a nest of grass and silk.  The caterpillar is green.  It has four pairs of white wax glands on the abdomen near the underside.  The head is brown or tan.  It is usually darker in the center.  The collar (the area between where the head and the body connect) has a white stripe and a black stripe. The chrysalis is a cream color and has brown markings.  The caterpillar will hibernate in the winter.  The least skipper has 2-4 broods each year.

Host plants
Here is a list of host plants that the least skipper caterpillar feeds on:

 cogongrass, Imperata sp.
 rice cutgrass, Leersia oryzoides
 cultivated rice, Oryza sativa
 Panicum sp.
 bluegrass, Poa sp.
 Setaria sp.
 cordgrass, Spartina sp.
 marsh millet, Zizaniopsis miliacea
Similar species
There are some species of butterflies that are similar to the least skipper.  They are the European skipper (Thymelicus lineola), the tropical least skipper (Ancyloxypha arene), the orange skipperling (Copaeodes aurantiaeca), and the southern skipperling (Copaeodes minima).

References

Hesperiidae
Timothy Franz Geithner (pronounced /ˈɡaɪtnər/; born August 18, 1961), was the 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 2009 to 2013. He served under President Barack Obama. Before becoming Secretary of the Treasury, he was  president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Geithner was born in Brooklyn, New York.

References

1961 births
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Living people
American Christians
American economists
Politicians from New York City
Janet Napolitano was born on November 29, 1957, in New York City. She is the daughter of Jane Marie (née Winer) and Leonard Michael Napolitano, who was the dean of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. Her father was of Italian ancestry and her mother had German and Austrian ancestry. Napolitano is a Methodist. She was the eldest of three children; she has a younger brother and sister.  She was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Albuquerque, New Mexico, where she graduated from Sandia High School in Albuquerque in 1975 and was voted Most Likely to Succeed. She graduated from Santa Clara University in Santa Clara, California, where she won a Truman Scholarship, and was valedictorian. In 1978, she studied for a term at the London School of Economics as part of Santa Clara's exchange programme through IES Abroad. She then received her Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the University of Virginia School of Law. After law school she served as a law clerk for Judge Mary M
. Schroeder of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and then joined Schroeder's former firm, Lewis and Roca located in Phoenix.
Health
Napolitano has been undergoing cancer-related treatment since August 2016. On January 17, 2017, Napolitano was hospitalized in Oakland for complications from the cancer treatment. She was released from the hospital on January 23, 2017.

References

1957 births
Living people
Governors of Arizona
Politicians from New York City
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
Wakhan or "the Wakhan" (also spelt Vakhan; Persian and واخان, is a region of Afghanistan. It is part of the Pamir Mountains and the Karakoram Range. Not very many people live there.

Geography of Afghanistan
Factor VIII (FVIII) is a blood clotting factor that is also called anti-hemophilic factor (AHF).  In humans, Factor VII is in the F8 gene.  If there is something wrong with this gene, you get hemophilia A, which is a recessive disorder.  The gene for Factor VIII is on the X chromosome.

Genetic disorders
Blood disorders
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in mammals. They decide the sex (gender) of an individual. The other sex chromosome is the Y chromosome.

Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y. An egg always carries a single X, while sperms carry either an X or a Y. That is how sex is determined in humans, and in most other mammals. Although females have two X chromosomes, each cell can only have one X chromosome active. During early development, a process called X-inactivation occurs. In each cell one of the X chromosomes randomly deactivates. This causes different parts of the body to have different X-linked genes, and is responsible for the black and orange coloration of calico cats.

Related pages 
Sex determination 
Karyotype
Chromosome

References 

Biological reproduction
Chromosomes
Chance is a word that refers to:

probability, a way of expressing the belief that an event will happen
luck, the belief that something happened because of good or bad fortune
The Edmonton tornado was a powerful and devastating tornado that hit the eastern part of Edmonton, Alberta on the afternoon of July 31, 1987. It destroyed more than 300 homes. It was rated as a strong F4 to a weak F5 tornado on the Fujita scale. It cost $332.27 million in total damage. It killed 27 people and injured more than 300 people and was the second deadliest tornado in Canadian history.

Notes

Alberta
Tornadoes in Canada

1987 in North America
1980s disasters in Canada
1980s in weather
The Vale of White Horse is a local government district of Oxfordshire in England.  The main town is Abingdon, other places are Faringdon and Wantage.  There are 68 parishes within the district.

It is a region between the Berkshire Downs and the River Thames. It was named after the prehistoric Uffington White Horse.  The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972. The area is often referred to as the ‘Vale of the White Horse’.

Geography
It is the valley of the Ock, a stream which joins the Thames from the West at Abingdon. The Vale is almost flat and well-wooded. Following local usage the vale covers all the ground between the Cotswolds (on the north) and the White Horse Hills. According to the geographical definition, however, the Vale is from two to five miles wide, and the distance by road from Abingdon to Shrivenham at its head is 18 miles.
Sites of interest
The highest hill of the district is White Horse Hill that is 261 m (856 ft) high. In its northern flank, just below the summit, a gigantic figure of a horse is cut, the turf is removed to show the white chalky soil beneath. This figure gives name to the hill, the range and the vale. It is 114 m (374 ft) long, the neck, body and tail varying little in width.

Notes

References
 Rudyard Kipling, "Puck of Pook's Hill".

Oxfordshire
A slipper is a light shoe worn indoors. They keep feet warm. People also wear them to keep their feet or socks clean. They are usually made of a something comfortable like a towel material or thin leather. They come in all sorts of shapes and sizes.

History
The recorded history of slippers can be traced back to the 12th century. In the  West, the record can only be traced to 1478.

Slippers in China date from 4700 BCE. They were made of cotton or woven rush, had leather linings, and featured symbols of power, such as dragons.

Native American moccasins were also highly decorative. Such moccasins showed nature scenes and were decorated with beadwork and fringing, their soft sure-footedness made them good for indoors taking (or setting aside). Inuit and Aleut people made shoes from smoked hare-hide to protect their feet against the frozen ground inside their homes.

Beautiful Orientalism saw the introduction into the West of designs like the baboosh.
Victorian people needed such shoes to keep the dust and gravel outside their homes. For  Victorian ladies, slippers gave an opportunity to show off their needlepoint skills and use embroidery as decoration.
Types
Types of slippers include:
Open-heel slippers – usually made with a fabric upper layer that encloses the top of the foot and the toes, but leaves the heel open. These are often distributed in expensive hotels, included with the cost of the room.
Closed slippers – slippers with a heel guard that prevents the foot from sliding out.
Slipper boots – slippers meant to look like boots. Often preferred by women, they are usually furry boots with a fleece or soft lining, and a soft rubber only. Modeled after sheepskin boots, they may be worn outside.
Sandal slippers – cushioned sandals with soft rubber or fabric soles, almost the same as Birkenstock's cushioned sandals.
 Evening slipper – also known as the "Prince Albert" slipper in reference to Albert, Prince Consort. It is made of velvet with leather soles and features a grosgrain bow or the wearer’s initials decorated with patterns of thread in gold.
Some slippers are made to look like something other than a slipper and are sold as a novelty item. The slippers are usually made from soft and colorful materials and may come in the shapes of animals, animal paws, vehicles, cartoon characters, etc.

Not all shoes with a soft fluffy interior are slippers. Any shoe with a rubber only and laces is a normal outdoor shoe. In India, rubber chappals (flip-flops) are worn as indoor shoes.

References 
Footwear