Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Catherine becomes "almost pretty" at 15, when she grows plumper, cleaner, and more . She begins reading better books, like those that Pope, Gray, Thompson, and Shakespeare's. Mrs. Allen invites her to come to Bath with her, and she agrees. There, she is always very polite to Mrs. Allen, and is humbly satisfied when a few men call her a "pretty girl." She falls in love with Henry Tilney, and even though they misunderstand each other some times, they quickly become good friends. She also becomes friends with  Eleanor Tilney, and she is invited to Northanger Abbey. General Tilney, Henry's father, is kind to her, and she is happy. But sometimes she is too imaginative: for instance, she thinks General Tilney murdered his wife. Henry's gentle talk with her soon makes her more clear-sighted
. The sudden rudeness of General Tilney makes her very sad until Henry comes and proposes to her; he also explains the General's first attentions, and later rudeness: the General had at first thought Catherine was very rich, and later thought Catherine was really poor. Actually, Catherine is neither - she lives quite comfortably. At the end of the book, they marry happily.
References
Character analysis by SparkNotes

Characters in written fiction
Child abuse is the abuse, mistreatment or hurt done to children. It often means abuse done by a child's parents or another caregiver. Injuries to the skin like bruises are one of the signs of child abuse.

Talking about these things and helping children who suffer from child abuse is very important, but some people do not believe it could happen in their country, neighbourhood or family. They like to think these crimes are far away and so they cannot see if a child nearby is in danger.

Definition 
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child abuse and child maltreatment as "all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment [...] or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power."
In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses the term child maltreatment to refer to both acts of abuse and neglect. According to the WHO, the term abuse includes  "words or overt actions that cause harm, potential harm, or threat of harm to a child"; neglect means  "the failure to provide for a child's basic physical, emotional, or educational needs or to protect a child from harm or potential harm". 

The United States federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum, "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation" or "an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm".
Types of child abuse
Child abandonment - when an adult leaves a child they are supposed to take care of. 
Child labour - when an adult forces a child to work.
Child prostitution - when an adult make a child prostitute.
Child sexual abuse — when an adult makes a child do sexual things, including sexual touching, or sexual intercourse.
Psychological abuse of children - Treating children badly so that they develop a trauma: with very young children a general lack of care may be physical abuse.
Chastisement  beating (En wiki: "infliction of corporal punishment as defined by law") or other like treatment amounting to physical abuse.

References 

Child abuse
The Revised Julian calendar is a variation of the Julian calendar. It is mainly used by Eastern Orthodox churches. Some Eastern Orthodox churches introduced it in 1923.

Leap years
If the year number can be divided by four without rest, the year is a leap year (same as Julian calendar and Gregorian calendar).
If the year can be divided by 100, it is not a leap year (same as Gregorian calendar).
If dividing the year by 900 leaves a remainder of 200 or 600, the year is a leap year.

Until the year 2800, this calendar will be in sync with the Gregorian calendar; From 2800 to 2900, the Gregorian calendar will be 1 day off.

Related pages 
 Gregorian calendar
 Julian calendar

Eastern Orthodox Church
Calendars
Hakha Chin is a language spoken in southern Asia by 446,264 people. The total figure includes 2,000 Zokhua, and 60,100 Lai speakers. The speakers are largely concentrated in eastern India in addition to Myanmar/Burma and Bangladesh.

References 

Languages of Bangladesh
Sino-Tibetan languages
Rangpuri is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken in India and Bangladesh. Sources disagree about how many people speak it.  A 1991 census said it was spoken by 5 million people. It is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken by the Rajbanshi people in India and Bangladesh. Many are bilingual in either Bengali or Assamese. Together with Rajbanshi of Nepal and Surjapuri, it forms the KRNB lects.

This is the native language of people of Cooch Behar, Lower Assam, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling and some parts of Bangladesh.

Other names of the language are Rajbangsi, Rajbansi, Rajbanshi, Kamta, Kamtapuri, Kamatpuri, Kamatapuri, Kamrupi, Deshi Bhasha. Recently, "Kamtapuri Bhasha Academy" (2017) is formed by West Bengal Government.

References 

Languages of Bangladesh
Indo-Aryan languages
A teen idol is a celebrity or famous person who is very popular with teenagers. Teen idols are often young, but are not always teenagers themselves. They are often pop singers or actors. People started to call celebrities teen idols in the 20th century. Some early teen idols were Rudolph Valentino, Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Elvis Presley and James Dean.

In the 1960s and 1970s some pop singers became known as teen idols, like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Monkees, Donny Osmond and David Cassidy. In the 1990s, bands like New Kids on the Block and Backstreet Boys were very popular with teenagers. In the 21st century, some teen idols have been Britney Spears, Miley Cyrus and the Jonas Brothers.

References

Celebrities
Fandom
is a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

Hachinohe means "the 8th area" in north of Tohoku region from the Middle Ages era. There was "the places of 8th" for making horses for a war in Hachinohe.

Hachinohe has a famous industrial area, and has a bigger fishing port more than most of other cities.

There is a Tohoku Shinkansen station and the Tohoku Expressway in Hachinohe.

The main industries in Hachinohe are manufacturing and services. Most of people in Hacnihohe work in manufacturing. In Hachinohe, the fishing industry is famous. Hachinohe brings in the most squid and saba in Japan.

Geography
Two rivers run through Hachinohe. One is the Mabechi River, which runs from the south to the east, and flows into the Pacific Ocean. The other is the Nida River, which runs from the south to the north.

Surrounding municipalities
 Aomori Prefecture
 Gonohe
 Hashikami
 Nanbu
 Oirase
 Iwate Prefecture
 Karumai

Demography
According to Japanese census data,

References

Other websites
 Official website
Cities in Aomori Prefecture
Gerbstedt is a little town at the Mansfeld-Südharz rural district, Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. It is  north of Eisleben. The little river Lobach flows through it.

Gerbstedt is about  northwest of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. It was first mentioned in 985 as Gerbizstidi. In the area of Gerbstedt, there is copper schist. It has been mined since 1730.

References

Other websites

Towns in Saxony-Anhalt
Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader and composer. He was very important to 20th century music. He helped to develop several different styles of jazz, like cool jazz, hard bop, free jazz, and fusion. As a bandleader he worked with other famous musicians like John Coltrane, Herbie Hancock, Bill Evans, Wayne Shorter, Chick Corea, John McLaughlin, Cannonball Adderley, Gerry Mulligan, Tony Williams, George Coleman, J. J. Johnson, Keith Jarrett, John Scofield and Kenny Garrett.

In 1959 he released an album called Kind of Blue. That album became very famous and popular. In 2008, it had sold 4 million copies. In 2006 Davis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and described as "one of the key figures in the history of jazz".
Early life
Davis was born in 1926 in Alton, Illinois. His father, Miles Dewey Davis, Jr., was a dentist. In 1927, the family moved to East St. Louis. They also owned a big ranch in northern Arkansas, where Davis learned to ride horses.

Davis's mother, Cleota  Mae (Henry) Davis, wanted him to learn to play the piano. She was a good blues pianist but did not tell her son this. Davis started to learn music when he was 13, when his father gave him a trumpet and arranged for him to have lessons with local musician Elwood Buchanan. Buchanan taught Davis to play the trumpet without vibrato, and Davis always played like this. Buchanan was said to slap Davis's knuckles every time he started using heavy vibrato. Davis later said "I prefer a round sound with no attitude in it, like a round voice with not too much tremolo and not too much baseline bass. Just right in the middle. If I can’t get that sound I can’t play anything."
When he was 16, Davis played the trumpet professionally when he was not at school. At 17, he played in bandleader Eddie Randle's band for a year. Saxophone-player Sonny Stitt tried to persuade Davis to join the Tiny Bradshaw band, but Davis's mother wanted Davis to finish his final year of high school.

In 1944, the Billy Eckstine band visited East St. Louis. Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker were in the band, and Davis joined them as third trumpet player when trumpeter Buddy Anderson was out sick. When the band left to finish the tour, Davis' parents still wanted him to finish his studies.

New York years (1944–48) 
After he graduated from high school in 1944, Davis moved to New York City to study at the Juilliard School of Music.
When he arrived in New York, he spent most of his time trying to get in contact with Charlie Parker, even though some people had told him that he should not. When he found Parker, Davis became involved in jam sessions that took place every night in two of Harlem's night clubs, Minton's Playhouse and Monroe's. Other famous musicians like Thelonious Monk and Kenny Clarke also tookpart in these sessions.

Davis left Juilliard early, having first asked permission from his father. He did not like the classes at Juilliard because he thought they focused too much on classical European and "white" music. He also said that his Juilliard classes helped him to understand music theory.
He began playing professionally in many jazz groups, performing in several 52nd Street clubs with Coleman Hawkins and Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis. In 1945, he went into a recording studio for the first time, as a member of the group of Herbie Fields. In 1946 he made his first recording as a bandleader, with a group called "Miles Davis Sextet plus Earl Coleman and Ann Hathaway". He did not make many recordings as a bandleader at this time.

Around 1945, Dizzy Gillespie stopped working with Parker and Parker hired Davis as Gillespie's replacement in his quintet. Also in the group were Max Roach at the drums, Al Haig (replaced later by Sir Charles Thompson and Duke Jordan) at the piano, and Curley Russell (later replaced by Tommy Potter and Leonard Gaskin) as bass player.
The musicians in Parker's group were not getting on very well. Parker's behavior was unpredictable because of his drug addiction. Davis and Roach did not agree with Parker hiring Duke Jordan as a pianist and would have preferred Bud Powell). In December 1948, Davis left the group after an argument with Parker at the Royal Roost. He began to work more independently with different groups in New York.

Birth of the Cool (1948–49) 

In 1948 Davis grew close to the Canadian composer and music arranger Gil Evans. Davis used to meet other musicians at Evans' house, like Roach, the pianist John Lewis and the baritone saxophone player Gerry Mulligan. Evans had been the arranger for the orchestra of Claude Thornhill and it was the sound of this group, as well as Duke Ellington's example, that inspired the creation of a large group including a french horn and a tuba.
Davis took a very active role in the project, and it soon became "his project". They tried to achieve a sound similar to a human voice, over carefully arranged compositions.

The group first played in the summer of 1948 at the Royal Roost. They were active to the end of 1949 and had several changes of musician. There were many white musicians in the group and this made some African American jazz players angry. Many of them were unemployed at the time. Davis did not listen to them.

The group got a recording contract with Capitol Records and they had several recording sessions between January 1949 and April 1950. This music was released on an album called Birth of the Cool. This album gave its name to a new style of jazz called "cool jazz". Davis knew how important his project was and even turned down a job with Duke Ellington's orchestra. This group also led to the beginning of the lifelong friendship between Davis and Gil Evans.

References
References

1926 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American musicians
African American musicians
20th-century American composers
American jazz musicians
American autobiographers
Bandleaders
American jazz composers
Musicians from Illinois
American trumpeters
People from Alton, Illinois
People from East St. Louis, Illinois
Warner Bros. Records artists
A bandleader is the leader of a group of musicians. Bandleaders often lead large groups that play genres like big band, jazz, blues, rhythm and blues and rock and roll. The bandleader directs the other musicians in the group. Bandleaders often perform in their groups as well. Sometimes bands are named after their bandleaders.

American bandleaders

British bandleaders

Italian bandleaders
 Pippo Barzizza
 Renato Carosone
 Gorni Kramer
 Mantovani
 Augusto Martelli
 Pino Presti

Swedish bandleaders
 Helmut Jederknüller – drums
 Yngwie J. Malmsteen – guitar

Dutch bandleaders
 Michiel Borstlap
 Michiel Braam
 Willem Breuker – trumpet
 Jack Coenen – trombone, leading the Jack Million Band, specialized in the music of Glenn Miller
 Tonny Eijk
 Pim Jacobs
 Erik van der Luijt
 Malando – violin
 Rogier van Otterloo
 André Rieu — violin
 Cees Schrama — keyboards
 Joop Stokkermans – piano
 Lajos Veres – multi-instrumentalist, mostly violin
German bandleaders
 Peter Herbolzheimer
 Bert Kaempfert
 James Last – double bass
 Max Raabe – singer
 Uli Jon Roth – guitar
 Michael Schenker – guitar

French bandleaders
 Raymond Lefevre
 Paul Mauriat
 Franck Pourcel

Belgian bandleaders
 Francis Bay
 Jack Coenen – trombone, leading the Jack Million Band, specialized in the music of Glenn Miller

Argentine bandleaders
 Waldo de los Rios

Japanese bandleaders
 Gackt
 Keisuke Kuwata – guitar multi-instrumentalist
 Miyavi – guitar, gigpig, shamisen, sitar, turntables, wadaiko
 Toshiko Akiyoshi – piano
 Yoshiki Hayashi – piano, drums

Australian bandleaders
 Stuart Lang – cornet
 Mark "Slim" Roberts – cornet, trumpet

 
Entertainment occupations
Neglect is a kind of abuse where a person harms another person by not giving them the things they need to live. For example, a parent or caregiver may neglect a child by not giving them enough food, clothing, hygiene, medical care, affection or education; this is a form of child abuse. Victims of neglect are those that need looking after, like children, physically or mentally disabled adults, elderly people, medical patients, animals or plants.

Abuse

ro:Abuz asupra copilului#Categoria 3: neglijarea
Josef Mysliveček (born Prague, 9 March 1737; died Rome, 4 February 1781) was a Czech composer in the classical music period. Although his music is not often performed these days he composed a lot of attractive music which often sounds like Mozart. During the 1770s he was a good friend of the Mozart family.

Life 
Josef Mysliveček was born near Prague. He was a twin. His father was a miller who had quite a lot of money. After he left school he became a miller in the family business. He also studied music. He had already been a chorister in the choir of St Michal’s church where Felix Benda was choirmaster. From 1760 he studied counterpoint with František Habermann and organ with Josef Seger. He started to compose. He wrote six sinfonias which were called after the first six months of the year (in the Czech language the months have names which are about the seasons).
When his father died Mysliveček decided to become a composer. He left the family business to his younger brother. He wanted to learn more about composing so, in 1763, he travelled to Venice to study with Giovanni Pescetti. In Italy he became known as Il Boemo ("the Bohemian") and also "Venatorini", "the little hunter," which is what his name means literally. Most composers in those days were employed by rich nobles or rulers, but Mysliveček earned his living through teaching, performing, and composing music. He often got sums of money from rich people who liked his music. Although he came from a rich family he was careless with his money. When he died he was very poor.
Mysliveček stayed in Italy for the rest of his life. He only revisited Prague once (in 1767-68). Several of his operas were performed there. He also went to Vienna in 1773 and Munich from 1776-1778. He composed operas for several Italian theatres. He met Mozart in Bologna in 1770. Mozart was only 14 at the time. He was good friends with the Mozart family until 1778 when the Mozarts broke off their friendship because Mysliveček promised, but then did not arrange for Mozart to write an opera for the theatre in Naples.

Mysliveček had many sexual relationships during his life, although we do not know the names of his lovers. In the end he became ill with syphilis. He was very ill during the last part of his life. His face became a very strange shape, apparently because he was operated on by a bad surgeon. Mozart was very upset when he saw him looking so ill.
His music 
A lot of his music sounds like some of the early works of Mozart. Mozart, in return, uses several musical themes from compositions by Mysliveček. He also made an arrangement of an operatic aria by Mysliveček's: "Il caro mio bene". Mozart changed the words and wrote "Ridente la calma," KV 152 (K⁶ 210a) for soprano with piano accompaniment.

He wrote twenty-six opera seria, more than any other composer at that time. They are full of da capo arias in which the singers can show off their technique. His orchestral music does not sound Czech, it is much more Italian in style. However, some of his chamber music has some Czech folk tunes.

His other pieces include oratorios, symphonies, concertos, and chamber music, including some of the earliest known string quintets composed with two violas. He was also one of the first composers to write good music for wind ensemble. He wrote some excellent violin concertos.

Bibliography
Bibliography 

Freeman, Daniel E.  Josef Mysliveček, "Il Boemo": the Man and His Music.  Sterling Heights, Mich.: Harmonie Park Press, 2009.

References 
 New Groves Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; London 1980, 

1737 births
1781 deaths
Classical era composers
Czech composers
Ainaži is a port town in Latvia. It is close to the border of Estonia. The city has had town rights since 1926.

Gallery

Towns in Latvia
1926 establishments in Latvia
Aizkraukle is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1967.

Towns in Latvia
1967 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Latvia
Aizpute is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1378.

Towns in Latvia
1370s establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in Latvia
1378 establishments
Aknīste is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Aloja is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.

Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Alūksne is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1920.

Other websites

Towns in Latvia
1920 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Latvia
Ape is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Other websites

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Auce is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1924.

Towns in Latvia
1924 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Latvia
Baldone is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Baloži is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Balvi is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Bauska is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1609.

Towns in Latvia
1600s establishments in Europe
17th-century establishments in Latvia
1609 establishments
Brocēni is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.

Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Cēsis is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1206. Its population was 17,170 in 2016.

Geography 
The Gauja River flows through the city. The river and the city are located in the heart of the Gauja National Park.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
website of the city

Towns in Latvia
1206 establishments in Europe
Establishments in Latvia
Cesvaine is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Dagda is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.

Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Dobele is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Durbe is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1893.

Towns in Latvia
1893 establishments in Europe
Establishments in Latvia
Grobiņa is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1695. It is approximately eleven kilometers east of Liepāja.

References 

Towns in Latvia
1695 establishments
17th-century establishments in Latvia
1690s establishments in Europe
Gulbene is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Other websites 

Discover Gulbene!

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Ikšķile is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.

Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Ilūkste is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Jaunjelgava is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1647.

Towns in Latvia
1647 establishments in Europe
17th-century establishments in Latvia
Jēkabpils is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1670.

References 

Towns in Latvia
1670 establishments
17th-century establishments in Latvia
1670s establishments in Europe
Kalnciems is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Kandava is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Kārsava is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Krāslava is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1923.

References 

Towns in Latvia
1923 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Latvia
Kuldīga (; ) is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1378. It is the center of the Kuldīga District. As of 2020, Kuldīga had a population of 10,352 people. River Venta travels through the city.

Kuldīga was founded by the German Livonian Order at 1242. It was called Goldingen by the Germans. It become the capital city of Courland at 1587-1617.

The old centre of the town is in the waiting list for UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Roads 

Roads from Kuldīga: Ventspils—Saldus (P108), Kuldīga—Aizpute (P112), Kuldīga—Skrunda (P116), Kuldīga—Jūrkalne (P119), Kuldīga—Talsi (P120) and Kuldīga—Tukums (P121).

Latvian cities from Kuldīga are in:
 Liepāja — 79 km;
 Riga — 150 km;
 Ventspils — 51 km.

Twin towns 
 Geesthacht, Germany
 Mtskheta, Georgia
 Drobak, Norway

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Town site
 Town site for travellers 

Towns in Latvia
1370s establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in Latvia
1378 establishments
Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach (8 December 1723 – 21 January 1789) was a French-German author, philosopher and encyclopedist. He was an important figure in the French Enlightenment. He was born Paul Heinrich Dietrich in Edesheim, near Landau in the Rhenish Palatinate. He spent most of his life in Paris, where he kept a salon. He is best known for his atheism. He wrote a lot. Most of his writings are against religion. His best-known book is the System of Nature.

References 

1723 births
1789 deaths
French philosophers
German philosophers
Writers from Paris
Ķegums is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1993.

Towns in Latvia
1993 establishments in Latvia
Lielvārde is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.

Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Līgatne is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1993.

Towns in Latvia
1993 establishments in Latvia
Limbaži is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1385.

Towns in Latvia
1385 establishments
14th-century establishments in Latvia
Līvāni is a town in Latvia. It has had town rights since 1926.

Towns in Latvia
1926 establishments in Latvia
Lubāna is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.

Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Ludza is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1777.

Towns in Latvia
1777 establishments
Establishments in Latvia
1770s establishments in Europe
Madona is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1926.

Towns in Latvia
1926 establishments in Latvia
Mazsalaca is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Ogre is a town in Latvia. It has had town rights since 1929.  It is the principal town of Ogre District in Central Latvia.  It is where the Daugava and Ogre rivers come together.

Towns in Latvia
1929 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Latvia
Olaine is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1967.

Towns in Latvia
1967 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Latvia
Pāvilosta is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Piltene is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1557.

Towns in Latvia
1550s establishments in Europe
Establishments in Latvia
1557 establishments
Pļaviņas is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1927.

References 

Towns in Latvia
1927 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Latvia
Preiļi is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Priekule is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Rūjiena is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1920.

Towns in Latvia
1920 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Latvia
Sabile is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Salacgrīva is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Salaspils is a town in Latvia. It has had town rights since 1993. It is nearby the river Daugava and 18 kilometers from Riga.

Towns in Latvia
1993 establishments in Latvia
Saldus is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Saulkrasti () is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Seda is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

References 

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Sigulda is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928. It is the center of the Sigulda District. As of 2020, Sigulda had a population of 14,396 people. River Gauja travels through the city. Sigulda is the capital town of Gauja National Park.

Gallery

References 

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Skrunda is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1996.

Towns in Latvia
1996 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Latvia
Smiltene is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1920.

Towns in Latvia
1920 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Latvia
Staicele is a town in Latvia. It has had town rights since 1992.

Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Stende is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Strenči is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Subate is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Talsi is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Tukums is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1795. In 2019, half of Latvia's tires were being recycled in the town. It has the second largest tire recycling plant in the Baltic country.

In 2020, Latvian president Egils Levits praised the region's leaders for its COVID-19 efforts and offering counselling to its residents.

Notable areas 

 Tukums Art Museum
 Gallery "The Door"

Notable people 

 Artis Kampars, Minister for Economics from March 2009 – October 2011
 Joe Magidsohn, Latvian-born American football player
 Janis Roze, Latvian biologist and philosopher
 James Richman, Latvian-born investor and financier known for his investments in Facebook, Uber, and Tesla
 Samanta Tīna, Latvian singer of Russian descent
 Jevgēņijs Kosmačovs, FK Ventspils and Latvian national football team midfielder

References

Other websites 

 Tukum's official website
 Visit Tukums unofficial website

Towns in Latvia
1795 establishments
Establishments in Latvia
1790s establishments in Europe
Valdemārpils is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.

Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Valka is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1584.

Towns in Latvia
1584 establishments
Establishments in Latvia
1580s establishments in Europe
Valmiera (; ) is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1323, it is the largest city of the historical Vidzeme region, Latvia, with a total area of . It is the center of the Valmiera District. As of 2002, Valmiera had a population of 27,323, and in 2008 – 27,569.

It lies at the crossroads of several important roads,  to the north-east from Riga, the capital of Latvia, and  south of the border with Estonia. Valmiera lies on both banks of the Gauja River.

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities
Valmiera is twinned with:

Other websites

Towns in Latvia
1323 establishments
14th-century establishments in Latvia
1320s establishments in Europe
Vangaži is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.

Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Varakļāni is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
1928 establishments in Latvia
Viesīte is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
Viļaka is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1945.

Towns in Latvia
Viļāni is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1928.

Towns in Latvia
Zilupe is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1931.

Towns in Latvia
Frederick Sanger  (; 13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was an English biochemist. 

Sanger is a two-time Nobel laureate in chemistry, the only person to have been so. Sanger is the fourth person to have been given two Nobel Prizes, either individually or in tandem with others.

In 1958 he was given a Nobel prize in chemistry "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin". 

In 1980, Walter Gilbert and Sanger shared half of the chemistry prize "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids". The other half was given to Paul Berg "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA".

Later life

Sanger retired in 1983 to his home, "Far Leys", in Swaffham Bulbeck outside Cambridge.
Although he retains his dislike of violence, he has lost his Quaker religious faith and calls himself an agnostic. In an interview published in the Times newspaper in 2000 Sanger is quoted as saying: "My father was a committed Quaker and I was brought up as a Quaker, and for them truth is very important. I drifted away from those beliefs – one is obviously looking for truth but one needs some evidence for it. Even if I wanted to believe in God I would find it very difficult. I would need to see proof". 

He declined the offer of a knighthood as he did not wish to be addressed as "Sir" but later accepted the award of an Order of Merit.
In 2007 the British Biochemical Society was given a grant by the Wellcome Trust to catalogue and preserve the 35 laboratory notebooks in which Sanger recorded his remarkable research from 1944 to 1983. In reporting this matter, Science journal noted that Sanger, "the most self-effacing person you could hope to meet", was now spending his time gardening at his Cambridgeshire home.

Death
Sanger died on 19 November 2013 in his Cambridge, England home, aged 95. His scientific biography is currently being written for publication in 2014.

Notes

References

1918 births
2013 deaths
British Nobel Prize winners
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of Honour
English biochemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
English molecular biologists
Order of Merit
People from Gloucestershire
There are 9 cities and 67 towns in Latvia. This is a list of the cities and towns.

Towns

Latvia
Mats Johan Sundin (born February 13, 1971) is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey player. Sundin played a career total of 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Quebec Nordiques, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Vancouver Canucks. Sundin served as the team captain of the Toronto Maple Leafs for 11 seasons. When the 2007–08 NHL season ended, Sundin became the longest serving non-North American born captain in NHL history. He last played 41 games with the Vancouver Canucks in the 2008–09 NHL season before he announced his retirement on September 30, 2009.

On November 12, 2012, Sundin along with Joe Sakic, Adam Oates, and Pavel Bure was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites

1971 births
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Living people
Swedish Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Quebec Nordiques players
Swedish ice hockey centres
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Vancouver Canucks players
Swedish Hockey League players
Khorasan (Persian: خراسان) was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on September 29, 2004: 

North Khorasan, center: Bojnord
South Khorasan, center: Birjand
Razavi Khorasan, center: Mashhad

Khorasan is famous worldwide for its saffron and zereshk which are produced in the southern cities of the province. It is also known for its famous rugs. 

Khorasan is the birthplace of Ferdowsi, the famous Iranian poet who wrote the Shahnameh (Shāhnāme), the national epic of Persian people and of the Iranian World. 

Imam Reza Shrine (the shrine of the 8th shi'a Imam), the center of Razavi Khorasan Province.

Khorasan
2014 disestablishments in Asia
Sir Geoffrey Prior (1896-1972) was the first Chief commissioner of Balochistan (Pakistan) from 15 August 1947 to 3 October 1947.

1896 births
1972 deaths

Colonial officials of British India
Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas KCIE, CSI (b.1899-d.1973) was the second chief commissioner of Balochistan (Pakistan) from 4 October 1947 - 8 April 1948, and the second governor of the North West Frontier Province from 9 April 1948 - 16 July 1949.

Dundas was Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man from 1952 to 1959.

1899 births
1973 deaths
Colonial officials of British India
Isle of Man
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Order of the Star of India
Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne (12 August 1891 – 1977) was an English colonial administrator. He served in British India. He began his service in the Royal Army. He then served in the civil service from 1920. He worked in Lahore for several years, and held several high positions for the government of Punjab. Bourne was appointed acting Governor of the Central Provinces and Berar from May to October 1945, and as the acting Governor of Assam in 1946. He then served as the last Governor of the Central Provinces and Berar, from 1946 until independence of India in 1947. Bourne was then appointed the first governor of East Bengal, United Pakistan. He was governor from 15 August 1947 to 5 April 1950.

References

Other websites 
Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne at the National Portrait Gallery, London
Frederick Chalmers Bourne in the National Archives

|-

1891 births
1977 deaths
Colonial officials of British India
Order of the Star of India
People from Kent
Sir Francis Mudie (1890–1976) was the first governor of the Punjab in Pakistan from 15 August 1947 to 2 August 1949.

1890 births
1976 deaths

Colonial officials of British India
Sir George Cunningham (1888 - 1964) was the first governor of the North-West Frontier Province province in Pakistan. He was governor from 15 August 1947 to 8 April 1948.

1888 births
1964 deaths
Colonial officials of British India
The 1899 Atlantic hurricane season was during the summer and fall of 1899. Nine storms were seen during this time, five of them were hurricane and the other four were tropical storms. Hurricane Three or the Hurricane San Ciriaco was the longest lived Atlantic hurricane. It also killed about 3433 people, making it the tenth deadliest Atlantic hurricane.

Storms

Tropical Storm One

Tropical Storm One was a weak tropical storm in late June. One started in the northwest corner of the Gulf of Mexico. It made landfall in Texas and quickly died, the same day.

Hurricane Two

This storm was seen about 2 days before it hit Hispaniola. It later hit Florida in the Panhandle on August 1. Two died the next day. This storm killed 6 people and caused almost $600,000 in damage.

Hurricane Three
Hurricane Three

Hurricane Three, which was called the Hurricane San Ciriaco, was the longest lived hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean. The hurricane affected about six countries. This hurricane lived from August 3 to September 4, nearly a month. It killed about 3,433 people.

Hurricane Four

Hurricane Four was a category 2 hurricane that struck Haiti in early September. The hurricane caused no damage or deaths.

Hurricane Five

Hurricane Five was a category 3 hurricane that mostly stayed at sea. But before it died, it hit Newfoundland as a weak hurricane.

Tropical Storm Six

Six was a strong tropical storm in early October, 1899. It died not very long after making a landfall near Gainesville, Florida.

Tropical Storm Seven

Tropical Storm Seven was a weak tropical storm. It lasted during the middle of October, 1899. Seven did not affect any land.

Hurricane Eight

This category 2 hurricane struck Cuba and South Carolina. It was a category 1 when it struck both of those places.

Tropical Storm Nine
Tropical Storm Nine was the last storm in 1899. It lasted during early to mid November in 1899. This storm also struck Cuba.

References

Printed Media
 Terry Tucker. Beware the Hurricane! Hamilton Press: Bermuda, 1966

Related pages
1899
List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

1899
Atlantic hurricane seasons
The 1890 Atlantic hurricane season was one of the least active hurricane seasons, with only 4 storms. This season got an early start, as Tropical Storm One started in May. There were also only 9 deaths in 1890.

Storms
Tropical Storm One 
Tropical Storm Two 
Hurricane Three 
Hurricane Four

Related pages
1890
List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

1890
Atlantic hurricane seasons
Paul Cézanne (19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French painter. He was born in Aix-en-Provence, in the south of France, and died of pneumonia there.

The artistic career of Paul Cézanne lasted more than forty years, from roughly 1860 to 1906. A busy artist, he produced more than 900 oil paintings and 400 watercolours, including many incomplete works. 

Cézanne's work is broadly post-impressionist. His work helped change the 19th-century idea of art to the very different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne's work is the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early 20th-century Cubism. The line attributed to both Matisse and Picasso that "Cézanne is the father of us all" is significant.
Cézanne's work shows a mastery of design, colour and composition. His brushstrokes are clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields. The paintings reveal Cézanne's intense study of his subjects, a searching gaze, and a struggle to deal with the complexity of human visual perception.

Cézanne's The Card Players (1882) is at present the world's most expensive painting. It was sold for more than $250 million in 2011 to the royal family of Qatar. What makes this all the more remarkable is that there are four other Cézanne 'Card Players'. They are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Musée d’Orsay, the Courtauld, and the Barnes Foundation. His best friend was Emile Zola.
Cézanne the artist
In Paris, Cézanne met the Impressionist  Camille Pissarro in the mid-1860s. Initially the friendship was that of master and disciple, with Pissarro having an influence on the younger artist. Over the course time their landscape painting trips, in Louveciennes and Pontoise, led to a working relationship between equals.
Cézanne's early work is often concerned with the figure in the landscape, imaginatively painted. Later in his career, he became more interested in working from direct observation and gradually developed a light, airy painting style that was to influence the Impressionists enormously. In Cézanne's mature work we see the development of a solidified, almost architectural style of painting. He ordered whatever he saw into simple forms and colour planes. His statement "I want to make of impressionism something solid and lasting like the art in the museums", and his contention that he was recreating Poussin "after nature" proved his desire to unite observation of nature with the permanence of classical composition.

Many of his paintings show people bathing, with the Montagne Sainte-Victoire in the background. These mountains are situated east of Aix-en-Provence. He also painted many still lifes, and portraits of his wife, with these mountains.
His colleagues included Pissarro, Monet and Renoir. Ambroise Vollard, an art critic with a gallery, was among the first people who bought Cézanne's artworks. In 1895, Vollard had the first exhibition showing Cézanne's works in his gallery, in Paris. 

Cézanne's work influenced other artists, especially Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who started Cubism, as well as Henri Matisse. Paul Cézanne can also be seen as a post-impressionist, who helped shape modernism in painting. Paul Cézanne painted over 900 oil paintings and 400 watercolours, over 200 of them being still life paintings.

Related pages 
 List of French painters

References 

1839 births
1906 deaths
People from Aix-en-Provence
French painters
Alice DeeJay was a Dutch electronic music group, who achieved success from 1999 to 2002. The group consisted of record producers Pronti (born Sebastiaan Molijn), Kalmani (born Eelke Kalberg) and DJ Jurgen, with lead singer Judith Anna Pronk. The groups best known song is "Better Off Alone" from their 2000 album, Who Needs Guitars Anyway?.

Other websites
Alice DeeJay at Allmusic

1990s Dutch music groups
2000s Dutch music groups 
Electronic music bands
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in the Netherlands
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
2002 disestablishments in Europe
Amsterdam
The Myriapoda is a subphylum of arthropods. It contains the millipedes, centipedes, and others. The group has 13,000 species, all of which are terrestrial. Their name suggests they have many legs. In fact one has over 750 legs (Illacme plenipes), but some have fewer than ten legs.

The fossil record of myriapods goes back into the late Silurian, though molecular evidence suggests they diversified in the Cambrian period. Cambrian fossils do exist which look like myriapods.

Structure 
Myriapods have a single pair of antennae and, in most cases, simple eyes. The mouthparts lie on the underside of the head,
. There is an "epistome" and labrum forming the upper lip, and a pair of maxillae forming the lower lip. A pair of mandibles lie inside the mouth. Myriapods breathe through spiracles that connect to a tracheal system similar to that of insects.
Classification 
There has been much debate as to which arthropod group is most closely related to the Myriapoda. Under the Mandibulata hypothesis, Myriapoda is the sister taxon to Pancrustacea, a group comprising the Crustacea and Hexapoda. Under the Atelocerata hypothesis, Hexapoda is the closest, whereas under the Paradoxopoda hypothesis, Chelicerata is the closest. This last hypothesis, although supported by few morphological characters, is supported by a number of molecular studies.

There are four classes of living myriapods, Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda (millipedes), Pauropoda and Symphyla. There is a total of around 12,000 living species. While each of these groups of myriapods is believed to be monophyletic, relationships among them are less certain.

Centipedes
Centipedes

Centipedes make up the class Chilopoda. They are fast, predatory and venomous, hunting mostly at night. There are around 3,300 species, ranging from the diminutive Nannarup hoffmani (less than half an inch in length,  mm) to the giant Scolopendra gigantea, which may exceed .

Millipedes

Millipedes are the class Diplopoda, where most segments appear to have two pairs of legs. This happened because each pair of body segments fused (joined) into a single unit, which gives them the appearance of having two pairs of legs per segment.

They are slower than centipedes, and feed on leaf litter and detritus. Around 8,000 species have been described, which may represent less than a tenth of the true global millipede diversity. One species, Illacme plenipes has the greatest number of legs of any animal, with 750. Millipedes typically have between 36 and 400 legs. Pill millipedes are much shorter, and are capable of rolling up into a ball, like pillbugs.

Symphyla
Symphyla

About 200 species of symphylans are known worldwide. They resemble centipedes but are smaller and translucent. Many spend their lives as soil infauna, but some live arboreally. Juveniles have six pairs of legs, but, over a lifetime of several years, add an additional pair at each moult so that the adult instar has twelve pairs of legs.

Pauropoda

Pauropoda is another small group of small myriapods. They are typically 0.5–2.0 mm long and live in the soil on all continents except Antarctica. Over 700 species have been described. They are believed to be the sister group to millipedes, and have the dorsal tergites fused across pairs of segments, similar to the more complete fusion of segments seen in millipedes.

References
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, more commonly referred to as TENS (or sometimes TeNS), is defined by the American Physical Therapy Association as application of electrical current through the skin for pain control.

Medical procedures
Fenwick Island is a town in Sussex County, which is in the state of Delaware in the United States. There were 343 people in the town in 2020. Fenwick Island is part of the Seaford, Delaware Micropolitan Statistical Area. Fenwick Island is on the Atlantic Ocean north of Ocean City, Maryland.

References 

Towns in Sussex County, Delaware
General American (GA) is a major accent of American English. Within American English, General American and accents approximating it are contrasted with Southern American English, several Northeastern accents, and other distinct regional accents and social group accents like African American Vernacular English.

American English
Thomas Linley (born Bath, England,  5 May 1756; died Grimsthorpe, Lincs 5 Aug 1778) was an English composer and violinist.  He was born in the same year as Mozart and, like Mozart, he was an astonishing child prodigy.  He would almost certainly have been one of England’s greatest composers if he had not died at the age of 22.

Life
Thomas came from a musical family.  His father, also called Thomas Linley, was a composer, singing teacher and harpsichord player.  His young son  was soon showing exceptional musical skills.  We do not know who taught him the violin in his early years, but people writing at the time all say he was a brilliant player.  He went to Italy to study the violin and composition with Nardini in Florence. He met Mozart there in 1770 and he also met Charles Burney in the same year.  Burney wrote that Linley was the most promising genius of the time.