Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be seen by the unaided eye. The brightest recent example was Nova Cygni 1975. This nova appeared on 29 August 1975, in the constellation Cygnus about five degrees north of Deneb and reached magnitude 2.0 (nearly as bright as Deneb). The most recent were V1280 Scorpii, which reached magnitude 3.7 on 17 February 2007, and Nova Delphini 2013. Nova Centauri 2013 was discovered 2 December 2013 and is so far the brightest nova of this millennium reaching magnitude 3.3.

Astronomers estimate that the Milky Way experiences roughly 30 to 60 novae per year, with a likely rate of about 40.  The number of novae discovered in the Milky Way each year is much lower, about 10. Roughly 25 novae brighter than about magnitude 20 are discovered in the Andromeda Galaxy each year and smaller numbers are seen in other nearby galaxies.

References 

Types of stars
"It Was a Good Day" is a 1993 single by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released from the album The Predator. "It Was a Good Day" peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100. The song also peaked at number twenty-seven on the UK Singles Chart.

Track listing
UK single
 "It Was a Good Day" (radio edit)
 "It Was a Good Day" (instrumental)

References

1993 songs
A warming center is a place where people can go to stay warm and dry when it is rainy or wet outside. They are like homeless shelters, except that they are only open when the weather is bad. 

Their main goal is to make sure that nobody is left out in the cold. Many people die from being wet and cold, every year.

Dangerous weather
Sometimes when it is windy, trees fall on them. Sometimes people get frostbite if it is very cold. But the main thing that people worry about is called hypothermia - that's when the body temperature gets too low. It can be fatal. When it is cold and windy, the wind chill factor makes it worse.
Old, sick, or homeless people 
If people are old, drinking, or homeless, things can get very bad very fast if the weather goes bad. These things are all called risk factors. The level of risk goes way up making it more likely that they will become sick or maybe even die out in the cold. Scientists study these "risk factors" and put them all together with numbers. That kind of study is discussed below; it is called a "vulnerability index".

Purpose 
Warming Centers are mostly for people who are homeless who do not stay in homeless shelters. Sometimes they are also set up when blizzards occur or the power goes out. Sometimes they are set up when the roads are out due to landslides, avalanches, and blizzards. 

In some cases, when cold snaps threaten wildlife, warming centers are created and operated to protect endangered wild animals. Cold-blooded animals such as turtles are particularly vulnerable, as are their hatchlings. Emergency shelters vary in policy on pet, companion, or domesticated animals.
Location of warming centers

Existing shelters
Sometimes warming centers are set up in existing homeless shelters. However, some jurisdictions have laws says that only a certain number of people are allowed at any one time. This is because of things like fire codes. Sometimes an agreement with the neighbors prevents too many people because of parking and overcrowding of the neighborhood.  

Therefore, they need to find different locations.

Alternative sites
These include churches and community organizations, but also may involve special real estate such as National Guard armories.

Opening up the warming center

The decision to "green-light" warming centers
Warming centers are generally opened for only a few days at a time based on the conditions of the area, although some are open for a specific portion of the year when weather conditions are bad.

The City of Chicago opens its shelters from December 1 to March 1 each year, as well as any other times the temperature drops below freezing.
The City of Portland, Oregon, uses a more complicated formula to determine when to open centers; wet or dry conditions, the night's predicted lowest temperature, the three-day weather trend, wind, and whether snow may fall.

Opening a center depends on the weather conditions and the formula at that center. Each one is different because weather is different in each place. Lane County, Oregon utilizes an elaborate system of tiered readiness levels in collaboration with the American Red Cross. The Red Cross is involved with some warming centers. They use a system to tell the staff people to get ready. They refer to these levels as their "alert status". It goes all the way from normal good weather OUTLOOK status all the way up through different levels. Finally they reach "ACTIVATE", which means it is time to get to work.

How warming centers are run
Outreach to people who need help 
Once a center has been set up, it is always a problem to make sure people know about it. 
A lot of people do not want to deal with the "authorities". Other people may be connected with the helping system. In the USA, some people came up with an idea to help fix that problem. The government agency in charge of these issues is called Housing and Urban Development. That agency requires a homeless count every two years. Organizations such as w:Common Ground are trying to reach out to more people with the homeless counts and use these counts to get a list of homeless people who need some help. Hopefully one of the good things to come from all of that work is there will be better ways to make sure people know about the warming centers. 

Centers often coordinate with outside programs such as 211. Newspapers are generally published weekly or less frequently, which makes them useful only for general information such as contact numbers and locations.
For transportation to centers, some shelters offer free transportation.  In some cases for persons being released from jail can get rides, if the weather is bad.
In blizzard conditions, snowmobilers have been mobilized.

Warming centers up and running 
Once opened and populated, warming centers typically offer only the most bare-bones of service: a cot and perhaps a bowl of hot soup. They are generally operated with one or more experienced professional staff person. This is due to the difficulties which untrained volunteers might encounter in dealing with the clientele. Often, users of warming centers are persons who are not participating in routine homeless shelter services due. This may be due to disciplinary problems and issues with behavior, such as drinking and fighting. Sometimes it takes a professional to figure out who might be disruptive or even dangers as opposed to who is just a little bit eccentric or odd. That is why it is important to have experienced staff.
Some people who use warming centers do not have major issues: maybe they are just on the road and the weather takes a turn for the worse. Or they do not stay in shelters because they do not like the rules or have personality problems with a staff person.

History and current role 
Sometime warming centers are started because someone dies from the cold or many people are at risk.They seem to go back as far as 1945, at the end of World War II. In Berlin, Germany, clothing and blankets were allowed for under the air lift plan. Also, an extensive plan was developed for public "warming centers."

Nowadays, U.S. warming centers are springing up all over the place. They are seen as a means to help the homeless who usually stay outdoors. The main time is during temperature and rainfall "spikes".
However, there may not be room in the shelters for everyone who needs them. According to Detroit writer Naomi Spencer, they serve also as "a last resort for homeless people to find respite [relief] from the cold, especially those with drug addictions, mental illness, or criminal backgrounds, who may not meet requirements imposed by some homeless shelters or religious charity operations."
Others, including straight edge, DIY, or anarchist-identified persons may choose to live "off-the-grid", outside the regular system of housing. They are not there because of sobriety issues.

Others simply find shelters too regimented, too much like jail. Newspaperman Mike Hendricks quotes a former resident of an unauthorized homeless encampment named Crow, who said that "some guys would sooner do what they want and not be told what to do."
Tom Brown's Field Guide to City and Suburban Survival contains chapters on shelters and heating.  He also outlines means of creating a personal warming center by using ATM access cards. His recommendations have been circulated by Chicago's urban community activist Chrisdian Wittenburg, including instructions on building a makeshift stove and a plethora of collaborative cultural projects.
Controversy 
Perception of the importance and priority of warming centers varies. At one extreme, their under-utilization or minimal level of service is said to be unfriendly. During the blizzard of February 2011, the City of Ottawa, Illinois did not have established warming centers. A temporary facility was set up. People had to bring their own food and blankets. There was criticism of that. According to a man calling himself "Poppy", the "have-nots...can all freeze to death...here in the friendly city."  In Detroit, there was federal money for a warming center, but the money was not given to the proper officials in time, or at all. This failure to distribute Community Development Block Grants resulted in a situation where people slept in plastic chairs or "in cold hallways".
At the other end, critics have asked if churches are the right place for handling the kind of people who are likely to come in the door.  Many people say that the warming centers tend to keep things the way they are, to maintain the status quo. That is because they do not get to the root of the problems.

Sue Murphy is the administrative director of Interfaith Action of Evanston, Illinois, which has a daytime center. It is used for a time slot when the overnight shelters are closed. She states that warmth and snacks "is not nearly enough...what we need is a place where they can go the whole winter."

Her concerns are seconded by Sue Loellebach of Connections for the Homeless, who laments the lack of warm refuge during daylight hours..

Related pages
 Tom Brown (naturalist), author of Tom Brown's Field Guide to City and Suburban Survival
 Natural disaster
Refugee
Poverty
Discrimination

References
References

Other websites
 American Red Cross  - trainings which include Mass Shelter Overview and Shelter Operations, much of which is pertinent
 "Homeless Families: Warming Center" , Human Solutions, Portland, Oregon, USA
Economics
Emergency services
Homelessness
Robert Marvin "Bobby" Hull, OC (January 3, 1939 – January 30, 2023) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger.

Hull is highly regarded as one of the greatest ice hockey players of all time and perhaps the greatest left winger to ever play the game of hockey. Hull was known for his blonde hair, blinding skating speed, and having the fastest shot in the game which also earned him the nickname, "the Golden Jet".

Hull played 17 seasons in the NHL with 3 teams, the Chicago Black Hawks for 15 seasons, the Winnipeg Jets for 1 season and the Hartford Whalers for 1 season.
 
Hull was inducted in the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983.

Career statistics

Other websites
Bobby Hull's NHL player profile
Bobby Hull at the Internet Hockey Database
Bobby Hull's Legend's of Hockey profile
1939 births
2023 deaths
Art Ross Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Stanley Cup champions
Winnipeg Jets (1979–96) players
World Hockey Association players
Scarp is a term in geology and geography with several similar meanings.

A scarp is a cliff or steep slope. The word is derived from the Italian scarpa, meaning 'shoe'. 
The surface of the steep slope is called a scarp face.
A fault scarp is a steep cliff made by movement along one side of a fault.
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from faulting and resulting erosion. It separates two relatively level areas of different height. 
A cuesta is an asymmetric ridge with an escarpment on one side and a gentle dip slope on the other side.

Formation 
Scarps are generally formed by one or both: 
differential erosion of sedimentary rocks, or by 
vertical movement of the Earth's crust along a geologic fault. 
Most commonly, an escarpment is a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition.
Escarpments are also frequently formed by faults. When a fault displaces the ground surface so that one side is higher than the other, a fault scarp is created. This brings a piece of high ground next to an area of lower ground.

More loosely, the term scarp describes the zone between coastal lowlands and continental plateaus. A marked, abrupt change in height is caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.

References 

Landforms
Georg von Békésy (3 June 1899 – 13 June 1972) was an Hungarian biophysicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1961 for his findings on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian inner ear. He was born in Budapest, Hungary and died in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.

References

1899 births
1972 deaths
Autobiographers
Scientists from Budapest
Hungarian Nobel Prize winners
Biophysicists
Hungarian physicists
Frostbite is the localized medical condition where freezing cold temperatures damage skin and other tissue. It is most likely to happen in body parts farthest from the heart and in body parts with large exposed areas with many blood circulations. It most often occurs in toes. It may be seen along with Hypothermia.

Also, if the affected parts are not amputated, the person is likely to suffer from a disease called gangrene.

References

Health problems
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (December 15, 1832 – December 27, 1923; , ) was a French structural engineer and architect. He is known for designing the Eiffel Tower. He also designed the armature (supporting framework) for the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States.

References 

1832 births
1923 deaths
French engineers
People from Dijon
Civil engineers‎
Bullshit (also selmo, bullplop,  bullbutter, bovine stool) is a common English language expletive. It can be used also as an interjection or as many other parts of speech.  Usually, it is a noun, verb or interjection that describes a lie.  It shows that someone is trying to deceive, e.g. "Stop bullshitting me" ("Don't try to deceive me.   I know what you are saying is a lie.").

References

English profanity
The black-eyed pea, also called black-eyed bean, a subspecies of the cowpea, is a medium-sized edible bean. Humans first grew the pea probably in West Africa, but it is now grown all over the world.

In Nigeria, and the Caribbean, a traditional dish called akara is made of mashed black-eyed peas and salt, onions and peppers are added.

References

Faboideae
The Circuit of the Americas is a motor racing circuit in Austin, Texas. Hermann Tilke designed the circuit in the middle of 2010. Construction was started in early 2011. It is planned to open in 2012. The circuit will run counter-clockwise.

The circuit will host the  United States Grand Prix. Starting in 2013, it will host MotoGP races for 10 years. It will also host a round of V8 Supercars, an Australia-based touring car racing series, starting in 2013.

References 

Formula One circuits
Sports in Texas
Austin, Texas
The start of the season was unpredictable, with seven different drivers winning the first seven races of the championship. a record for the series. It was not until the European Grand Prix in June that a driver, Ferrari's Fernando Alonso, won his second race of the year. Alonso was the championship leader for the next seven races, taking his third won in Germany and finishing on the podium in the United Kingdom, Italy and Singapore. However, first-lap retirements in Belgium and Japan allowed others to catch up, and defending World Champion Sebastian Vettel—like Alonso, a two-time winner—took the lead in the sixteenth race of the season. Vettel, too, had problems during the season; contact with a backmarker left him to finish outside the points in Malaysia, while alternator failures at the European and Italian Grands Prix cost him valuable points and exclusion from qualifying in Abu Dhabi led him to start from the pit lane. Vettel entered the final race of the season with a thirteen-point lead over Alonso
. Alonso needed a podium finish to stand any chance of becoming World Drivers' Champion, but in a race that finished under the safety car, Vettel finished in sixth place, scoring enough points to win his third consecutive championship, becoming the third driver to do so. In the World Constructors' Championship, Red Bull Racing secured their third consecutive title when Sebastian Vettel finished second at the United States Grand Prix.
Pre-season
The pre-season testing season began immediately after the 2011 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix with a three-day 'Young Driver Test' (for drivers with fewer than three Formula One race starts to their name) at the Yas Marina Circuit from 15–17 November 2011. Toro Rosso test driver and Formula Renault 3.5 Series runner-up Jean-Éric Vergne was the fastest driver in every session over the three-day test, driving for Red Bull Racing. The Young Driver Tests also saw the debut of Pirelli's 2012 tyre compounds, with all bar one of the tyre compounds used in 2011 having undergone significant revisions. Several teams, including Williams and Mercedes used the event to test parts for the 2012 season in the face of a ban on exhaust-blown diffusers.
Signed teams and drivers
After a dispute between the Formula One Teams Association and the FIA in the first half of , a new Concorde Agreement was signed on 1 August 2009 by the then FIA president Max Mosley and all of the existing teams. The new agreement provided for a continuation of the terms of the 1998 Concorde Agreement, and ran until 31 December 2012.

The FIA published a provisional entry list on 30 November 2011.
Team changes
 In June 2011, Williams announced that they would be using Renault engines for the 2012 and 2013 seasons, with an option to use Renault engines again in 2014 under the next generation of engine regulations. Renault had previously supplied engines to Williams from 1989 to 1997, when the team won four World Drivers' Championships and five World Constructors' Championships.
 In July 2011, Virgin Racing split with Wirth Research mid-season after a technical review by former Renault F1 Team engineering director Pat Symonds found that Virgin's CFD-only approach had failed. The team formed a technical partnership with McLaren that granted them access to McLaren's testing facilities as well as the purchase of Wirth Research facilities.
In the week before the 2011 Indian Grand Prix, Force India announced that the Sahara Group had purchased a 42.5% stake in the team, valued at US$100 million. The investment gives the Sahara Group and team principal Vijay Mallya an equal stake in the team, with team director Michiel Mol controlling the remaining 15% of the team. Under the terms of the sale, the Sahara Group will become Force India's naming-rights sponsor.
 At the November 2011 meeting of the Formula One Commission in Geneva, several teams were given permission to change their names, pending final approval from the World Motorsports Council in December of that year:
 Team Lotus will be known as Caterham F1 Team, reflecting team principal Tony Fernandes' purchase of Caterham Cars.
 Lotus Renault GP will change its name to Lotus F1 Team, having been sponsored by Lotus Cars in 2011.
 Virgin Racing will become Marussia F1 Team, following increased ownership of the team by Russian car manufacturer Marussia Motors.
As a result of the name changes, Team Lotus and Lotus Renault GP declared that their ongoing dispute over the use of the Lotus name was over after they had reached an "amicable conclusion". Although the exact terms of the settlement were kept confidential, the joint statement detailed the transfer of the rights to the Lotus and Team Lotus names to Group Lotus' ownership.
 In December 2011, Mercedes GP announced that they will change their official team name to Mercedes AMG. The new name originates from AMG, Mercedes-Benz's performance and luxury road car brand.
 On 15 December 2011, HRT team principal Colin Kolles formally left his position, with the team citing the relocation of their headquarters to Spain as the reason for the separation. Former Minardi driver Luis Pérez-Sala took Kolles' place as team principal. In January 2012, the team relocated to a new facility in Valencia.
Jaime Alguersuari did not have his contract with Scuderia Toro Rosso renewed. He was later offered a seat at HRT, but turned it down and was instead reported to be seeking a third driver role with a larger team.
 Jérôme d'Ambrosio left Virgin Racing after the 2011 Brazilian Grand Prix.
 After two seasons with Williams, Rubens Barrichello left the team. With HRT stating they want a young driver for their second seat, Barrichello is currently without a drive for 2012.
 Sébastien Buemi was released from his position with Toro Rosso. He later joined parent team Red Bull Racing as their testing and reserve driver and made plans to compete in the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
 Pedro de la Rosa will return to Formula One with HRT. De la Rosa has been without a full-time drive since the 2010 Italian Grand Prix, having spent the majority of the 2011 season as a test driver for McLaren.
Reigning GP2 Series champion Romain Grosjean will return to Formula One with Lotus F1, having previously competed for the team (when it was known as Renault F1) in 2009.
 Nico Hülkenberg will return to Formula One with Force India, having spent the 2011 season as their testing and reserve driver.
 After being injured in a rally accident shortly before the 2011 season, Robert Kubica spent the 2011 season recovering from his injuries. In November 2011, Kubica informed his team that he would not be ready to start the 2012 season. Lotus team principal Éric Boullier has indicated that he would be prepared to make a seat available for Kubica mid-season if and when Kubica is prepared to return.
 In December 2011, HRT driver Vitantonio Liuzzi joined the Indian i1 Super Series.
 Russian driver Vitaly Petrov was under contract to race for Lotus F1 in 2012; however, the team terminated his contract one year in advance.
Charles Pic—who placed fourth in the 2011 GP2 Series driving for Addax—will join Marussia, replacing Jérôme d'Ambrosio.
 2007 World Drivers' Champion Kimi Räikkönen will return to the sport with the Lotus F1 Team after a two-year hiatus competing in the World Rally Championship. Räikkönen had previously been in negotiations with Williams before joining Lotus.
 After racing with HRT in the second half of the 2011 season, Daniel Ricciardo joined Toro Rosso. Ricciardo had previously served as the team's test and reserve driver before being placed at HRT for the 2011 British Grand Prix.
 After competing for Lotus (under the Renault name) in the second half of 2011, Bruno Senna left the team. He later joined Williams, the team his uncle was racing for at the time of his death, though he did not sign a contract without his family's blessing. Senna was reported to bring fourteen million Euros in sponsorship to the team.
Adrian Sutil left Force India, having spent six years with both the team and its previous incarnations, Spyker and Midland. He wanted to drive with Williams, before negotiations collapsed in December 2011. Sutil was later charged with grievous bodily harm after allegedly assaulting a senior Renault team member with a glass in a Shanghai nightclub following the 2011 Chinese Grand Prix. If convicted, Sutil could face up to one year in prison and be banned from entering China.
 2011 Formula Renault 3.5 Series runner-up Jean-Éric Vergne filled Toro Rosso's second racing seat, becoming the third French driver to join the grid. Like Ricciardo, Vergne had completed a limited testing schedule for the team in 2011.
2012 calendar
Bernie Ecclestone wanted to see the calendar increase to a record 20 rounds, the maximum he feels is viable. However, a provisional calendar was announced in June 2011, with a record 21 races. FIA President Jean Todt later said that the 2012 calendar would have no more than 20, but did not say which race would be removed. On 29 July 2011, a second provisional calendar was released, confirming that the Turkish Grand Prix would be discontinued. The final calendar was released on 7 December 2011.

Calendar changes
In May 2010, it was announced that Austin, Texas would host the return of the United States Grand Prix, the first since Indianapolis in 2007. Known as the Circuit of the Americas, the venue will be a brand-new and purpose-built permanent circuit designed by Hermann Tilke. In November 2011, Bernie Ecclestone expressed "minor" doubt over the race going ahead after what he described as "disagreements inside the [management] company" and gave the circuit owners and race organisers a deadline of 7 December—coinciding with the meeting of the FIA World Motorsports Council and the release of the final 2012 calendar—to sort out their differences or else risk losing the event entirely. The final calendar included the race, with Ecclestone confirming that a new arrangement had been made, and that the event organisers had paid their circuit sanctioning fees for 2012.
 The calendar released in July 2011 showed several events being moved around the calendar:
The Bahrain Grand Prix was moved to the end of the season after the 2011 race was postponed, and later cancelled. The race was scheduled for a November date to give the government more time to ensure civil order was restored, but was later brought forward to April. At the 2011 Japanese Grand Prix, several teams expressed concern over the state of the race in the face of renewed violence in the country. These concerns were taken to the November meeting of the Formula One Commission. In January 2012, human rights groups in the country urged teams to boycott the 2012 race amid renewed political disturbances in the country.
 The German Grand Prix will return to Hockenheim after the 2011 German Grand Prix was held at the Nürburgring, in line with the event's policy of alternating between venues.
The Korean Grand Prix was to be brought forward from October to April; however, the July calendar brought the Indian Grand Prix forward to April, leaving the Korean event in its October date. The Indian race was later moved back to 28 October, with the Korean race remaining in its 14 October date.
 The Turkish Grand Prix was removed from the calendar after Formula One Management and the event organisers could not agree on a renewed contract. In August 2011, organisers of the race revealed that they were negotiating with Bernie Ecclestone to resume their place on the calendar. However, the race was removed from the calendar later that month.
 The United States Grand Prix was originally scheduled to be held in June, but was moved back to become the penultimate event of the season in response to concerns over the heat of the Texas summer and its effects on teams, drivers and spectators.
Organisers of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix had originally planned to reconfigure the Yas Marina Circuit for the 2011 race following heavy criticism over a lack of overtaking in 2010. However, they later elected to postpone the circuit modifications until 2012 in the face of rule changes for the 2011 season that they felt directly addressed the criticisms levelled at the circuit, promising the speedy introduction of changes if the 2011 race proved disappointing.
Organisers of the Korean Grand Prix said they were unhappy with the terms of their contract with Bernie Ecclestone and Formula One Management, particularly the cost of race-sanctioning fees, and asked to make a new contract, seeking more-favourable terms. However, Ecclestone ruled out renegotiations, stating that the initial negotiation process had been difficult enough, and that the organisers were aware of the terms of the contract when they first signed it. Ecclestone has stated that in the event that race organisers can not pay sanctioning fees, the Korean Grand Prix will be removed from the calendar. The final calendar released in December kept the Korean Grand Prix intact.
In January 2012, organisers of the European Grand Prix wrote to Bernie Ecclestone about the race in Valencia. They felt it would not make money, and wanted to change the contract with Formula One Management to include "a substantial cost reduction". Organisers of the Spanish Grand Prix in Barcelona expressed similar misgivings over the state of their race.
Rule changes
Technical regulations
The 2011 season saw teams running "off-throttle blown diffusers", which created downforce by forcing fuel through the engine to produce exhaust gasses and directing it over the diffuser when the driver was not applying the throttle. This concept was originally banned in incremental phases, with increasingly restrictive rules on what teams could and could not do, with a full ban to be applied from the 2011 British Grand Prix onwards. However, the incremental ban was controversial, with several teams applying for and receiving permission to circumvent the total ban. After discussion between the FIA and engine manufacturers, the original regulations were restored, with the full ban delayed until 2012. The regulations in 2012 will govern the design of the exhaust with the teams agreeing to strict constraints on the position of the exhaust tailpipe. This will result in the exhaust exiting the bodywork much higher up than in 2011, and no longer near the diffuser
. In October 2011, a clarification to the amended rules was issued, effectively banning "exotic" engine maps; in November, further amendments were introduced, completely banning the practice of blowing exhaust gasses over parts of the car to improve downforce, following a bid by several teams to allow it under certain conditions.
In January 2012, the FIA banned the use of "reactive ride-height". The system, first proposed by Lotus in 2010 (but not applied until 2012), used hydraulic cylinders in the brake calipers and suspension push-rods to make minute adjustments to the ride height of the car, thereby keeping the ride height at an optimal level throughout the race and providing stability during braking. The FIA initially approved the device as being legal, and several teams, including Ferrari and Williams, gave plans to the FIA for their own versions of the device before it was banned one week later. No reason was given for the reversal of the decision, though it was reported that the reactive ride-height systems violated Article 3.15 of the technical regulations, which states that "any aerodynamic effect created by the suspension should be incidental to its primary function" and "any device that influences the car's aerodynamics must remain immobile in relation to the spring part of the car".
Technical regulations for 2012 include the reprofiling of the car's nose. The pre-2012 regulations allow the nose to be as high as  above ground, but the revisions to the sporting code lower the maximum allowable height to .
 At the meeting for the Formula One Commission in Geneva in November 2011, the use of helium in air guns used to change tyres during pit stops was banned. Despite increasing the rotation speed of the air guns by up to 30%, the use of helium was deemed to be too expensive with little competitive gain.
 All cars must now pass their mandatory FIA crash tests before they can take part in pre-season testing. Previously, passing the crash tests was only a requirement prior to the first race of the season. Crash tests for the 2012 season will also be more rigorous than in previous years.
Sporting regulations
 After being banned in 2009, in-season testing will return in 2012, with plans for a test to be held at Mugello on 1 May ahead of the European leg of the 2012 championship. As teams will only be permitted to do fifteen days of testing over the course of the season, the pre-season winter testing schedule has been cut back to accommodate the Mugello test.
 At the September 2011 meeting of the FIA World Motor Sport Council, representatives of the member organisations voted to amend the rules for double-waved yellow flags in all FIA-sanctioned championships. The amendment means that double-waved flags will be shown when a track marshall is working on or beside the circuit.
Faced with several constructors applying for name changes, teams have requested a clearer definition of what constitutes a "constructor". Under the rules set out in the Sixth Concorde Agreement, several teams have been forced to compete under names that do not necessarily reflect their ownership – such as Sauber competing as "BMW Sauber" in 2010, despite BMW withdrawing from the sport at the end of the 2009 season – in order to preserve their status as a current constructor and their claim to a share of the television rights paid to teams that placed in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings.
 At the final meeting of the World Motorsports Commission in December 2011, a series of changes to the rules were published. Chief among these is the re-introduction of a rule that will allow all lapped traffic under the safety car to be released from the queue before the car returns to pit lane, allowing the drivers to unlap themselves and to ensure a clean restart.
Drivers will not be able to leave the confines of the circuit without good reason. In 2011 drivers were seen using access roads around the circuit to shorten their reconnaissance and in-laps in order to save their fuel and tyres. Drivers will not be allowed to return to the normal racing line should they choose a defensive line going into a corner.
 Races will have a maximum four-hour time limit to prevent the indefinite suspension of a race. This will stop the theoretical possibility of a race lasting more than eight hours. This rule was introduced after the rain-interrupted 2011 Canadian Grand Prix, which set a record for the longest race in Formula One history, at four hours, four minutes and thirty-nine seconds.
 Any driver in the pit lane when a race is suspended will be permitted to return to the circuit and take up the position on the grid that they were running in at the time of the suspension.
In July 2011, a joint broadcasting deal for Formula One in the United Kingdom was announced between Sky Sports and the BBC. The new arrangement runs from 2012 until 2018 and will see all practice, qualifying sessions and races being broadcast by Sky, with the BBC televising qualifying and the race live from ten selected venues and extended highlights of the remaining ten on a delayed broadcast. The announcement was controversial, with early promises that the races would not be interrupted by commercials doing little to quell the highly negative reactions from fans and observers. It had previously been believed that the terms of the Concorde Agreement prevented Formula One from being broadcast exclusively on pay-per-view, but the Agreement did not prevent a shared broadcast such as the proposal made by Sky Sports and the BBC
. The controversial nature of the broadcast deal led to the House of Commons' Culture, Media and Sport Committee calling Bernie Ecclestone and "senior BBC figures" including director-general Mark Thompson to answer questions over the details of the broadcasting arrangement. In November 2011, Sky announced plans to launch an additional channel, Sky Sports F1, specifically for Formula One coverage.
In December 2011, Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Ferrari exited FOTA, the Formula One Teams Association, following prolonged debate over the implementation of the controversial Resource Restriction Agreement, though Red Bull team principal Christian Horner reaffirmed his team's commitment to cost-cutting measures and highlighting the team's concerns over certain loopholes in the Resource Restriction Agreement that they felt teams and manufacturers would willingly exploit. One week later, Sauber also left the organisation, though the Swiss team did not publicly give a reason for ending their membership.
Results and Standings

Grands Prix

Drivers standings
Points are awarded to the top 10 classified finishers.

Notes:
†—Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.

Constructors standings

Notes:
†—Cars did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.

Notes

References 

Formula One seasons
Formula One season
The Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) is the largest owl in North America. It is sometimes called the hoot owl. 

This widespread bird of prey lives in mountains, grasslands, conifer forests, deserts, chapparals, and many other habitats in North and South America. Its call is a far-carrying hoot.

Description 
This owl is 18 to 25 inches (46-64 cm) long and has a wing span of 52 to 55 inches (1.3-1.4 m); its weight averages about 3 pounds (1.5 kg). 

The feathers of the horned owl are gray to brown to buff to black. There is a patch of white feathers on the brown chest (called a "gular"). The eyes are yellow with round black pupils.

Diet 
The great horned owl hunts and eats mammals (like rabbits, woodchucks, mice, rats, and squirrels), birds (ducks, quail, and geese), and fish. 

The owl is at the top of the food web; it has no major predators. It sometimes eats its prey whole and later regurgitates the bones, fur, and feathers in pellets.

References
References

Birds of North America
Strigiformes
Birds of South America
Capital Region International Airport , is a public airport in DeWitt Township, Clinton County, Michigan.  The airport is northwest of Lansing, Michigan.  The airport has three runways and is 2160 acres (874.12 ha) in size.  The airport is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority.

History
The airport opened in July 1928.  Cargo service from the airport began on July 17, 1928, on Transamerican Airlines.  Passenger service began on September 1, 1929, on Kohler Airlines.  The current terminal building opened in 1959.  The first international flights (to Cancún, Mexico) began in December 2009 on USA3000 Airlines.  Allegiant Air served the airport from 2003-2009 and 2012-2015 with flights to Florida.

Airlines and destinations
Delta Air Lines, Sun Country Airlines, and United Airlines are passenger airlines that serve Capital Region International Airport.  UPS Airlines is a cargo airline that serves the airport.
The airport has domestic passenger flights to Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis, and Washington, D.C.  The airport has seasonal international passenger flights to Cancún, Mexico and Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.  The airport has cargo flights to Columbus and Louisville.

A total of 376,790 passengers flew to and from Capital Region International Airport in 2014. Another 418,850 passengers flew in 2013.  Earlier, 656,703 passengers flew in 2000.  45,896,074 pounds (20,818,109 kg) of cargo flew to and from the airport in 2014.  64,844,276 pounds (29,412,869 kg) of cargo flew in 2000.

Photos

Related pages

 Lansing, Michigan

References

Other websites 
 Capital Region International Airport (official site)
 Port Lansing  (official site)
 Capital Region Airport Authority
 Mid-Michigan Business Travel Coalition 

Airports in the United States
Lansing, Michigan
Transport in Michigan
Buildings and structures in Michigan
1928 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Michigan
Daniel Bedingfield (born 3 December 1979) is a New Zealand-born British singer-songwriter. He was raised in South London. His song Gotta Get Thru This became #1 in United Kingdom's Top 40 in December 2001. His album, also titled Gotta Get Thru This went to number 2 on the UK albums chart.  His sisters are singers Natasha Bedingfield and Nikola Rachelle. Bedingfield was a judge on the first season of The X Factor NZ in 2013.

In 2004, Bedingfield won a BRIT Award for Best British Male Artist.

Bedingfield is a Christian.

Discography
2002: Gotta Get thru This
2004: Second First Impression
2012: Stop the Traffik – Secret Fear

References 

1979 births
Living people
Brit Award winners
British Christians
British pop musicians
British singer-songwriters
Musicians from London
New Zealand singers
Belén Esteban Menéndez is a Spanish television personality.  She presents the television show Sálvame with Jorge Javier Vazquez.

References

1973 births
Living people
Spanish entertainers
Holy Week (Latin: Hebdomas Sancta or Hebdomas Maior, "Greater Week"; Greek: Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς, Megale Hebdomas) is the commemoration of the last week of Jesus Christ's ministry on earth.  Holy Week is the last week of Lent.  It begins with Palm Sunday and leads up to Easter Sunday.

Other websites

 Calculate Easter Dates as well as other main variable Feasts during and after Passover
 The Days of Holy Week  at The Christian Resource Institute
 Holy Week and Easter  Fast Facts from AOL Research & Learn
 Holy Week from the Catholic Encyclopedia

Christian holidays
Amanda Michelle Seyfried (born December 3, 1985) is an American actress, singer-songwriter and former child model. At 11, she became a child model, and at 15 she became a television actress. She is known for her roles in Mamma Mia! and Mean Girls.

Major film and television roles 
She starred in As the World Turns and All My Children. In 2004, Seyfried started her movie career, acting in Mean Girls. 

She also appeared in a number of other movies: Nine Lives (2005), Alpha Dog (2006), Mamma Mia! (2008), Jennifer's Body, Chloe, Dear John, Veronica Mars and Letters to Juliet. 

In 2006, she had a lead role on HBO's television series Big Love.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 
 

1985 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Models from Pennsylvania
Actors from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
Mario Casas Sierra (born 12 July, 1986, A Coruña) is a Spanish actor. He has starred in Los hombres de Paco (2007–2010), Fuga de cerebros (2009), and Tres metros sobre el cielo (2010)

Other websites 

Spanish actors
Galician people
1986 births
Living people
Sinodelphys  is an extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous. It is a member of the infraclass Metatheria, the group which contains modern marsupials.

To date, it is the oldest metatherian fossil known, estimated to be 125 million years old. This makes it almost contemporary to the earliest placental fossils, which have been found in the same area.

It was discovered and described in 2003 in rocks of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, China, by a team of scientists.  

Sinodelphys szalayi grew only 15 cm (5.9 in) long and possibly weighed about 30 g (1.05 oz). 

Its fossilized skeleton is surrounded by impressions of fur and soft tissue. Rapid burial followed volcanic events, and the fine sediment preserved details. 

From its foot structure it is thought that Sinodelphys was a tree-dweller, like its non-marsupial contemporary Eomaia and modern opossums such as Didelphis. Sinodelphys probably hunted worms and insects.
Most Mesozoic metatherians have been found in North America and Asia. Most lived during the Upper Cretaceous between 90-65 million years ago.

Related pages 
 Juramaia
 Eomaia

References 

Metatheria
Fossils
Mammals of Asia
The Art of Getting By is a 2011 American romantic drama movie that was produced by Darren Goldberg, Gia Walsh, Kara Baker and P. Jennifer Dana and was directed by Gavin Wiesen. Homework (its original name) was first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2011, and was released in theaters in North America on June 17, 2011. The movie premiered under the title Homework at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was released as The Art of Getting By.

Cast 
Freddie Highmore as George
Emma Roberts as Sally
Alicia Silverstone as Ms. Herman
Rita Wilson as George's mother
Blair Underwood
Elizabeth Reaser
Sam Robards as George's stepfather
Michael Angarano as Dustin

Other websites 

2011 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
The Peppermint is a hybrid plant of the mint family. It is originally from Europe, but grown and sold all over the world. It is a hybrid of watermint and spearmint. Carolus Linnaeus first described the plant in 1753, from samples that had been collected in England. He treated it as a species,  but modern biology mostly treats it as a hybrid.

The peppermint is found in some medications, in particular Skumin’s mixture.

References 

Lamiaceae
Nowadays, there are 3 main models of EI:
 Ability Based EI Models
 Knowing emotions – the ability to know emotions in faces, pictures, voices, etc. including the ability to know one's own emotions. 
 Using emotions – the ability to use emotions to improve thinking and problem-solving.
 Understanding emotions – the ability to understand different emotions, the relationships among emotions, and how and why emotions change.
 Managing emotions – the ability to manage emotions in ourselves and in others. Therefore, a person with high EI can use emotions, even negative ones, to achieve goals.
 Mixed Models of EI
 Self-awareness – the ability to know what one is feeling and thinking. 
 Self-regulation – the ability to control and manage feelings in a healthy way.
 Social skills – skills that help us relate to others so that we can have good relationships with them. 
 Empathy – the ability to share or understand the feelings of another person, especially to help make good decisions.
Motivation – knowing what makes us want and desire to do something, like reach our goals.
 Trait EI Models
EI is often measured as an Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ).

Psychology
Life skills
"Bulletproof" is a 2009 song by the English electropop duo La Roux off their self-titled album. It was released in the United Kingdom in June 2009 and was highly received by the critics. This song debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. It was a sleeper hit in the United States, peaking at number eight.

2009 songs
Synth-pop
A truffle is the fruiting body of an underground mushroom. Its spores are dispersed by fungivores (animals that eat fungi). Almost all truffles are found in close association with trees (see mycorrhiza).

Truffles are used as a food additive in cooking. The truffles improve the flavour. There are hundreds of species of truffles that can be used, but the fruiting body of some (mostly in the genus Tuber) are highly prized. The 18th-century French gastronome Brillat-Savarin called these truffles "the diamond of the kitchen". Edible truffles are expensive because they are held in high esteem in haute cuisine. They are used in the cuisine of many countries in Europe and worldwide.

Types

Black truffle
The "black truffle" or "black Périgord truffle" Tuber melanosporum is named after the Périgord region in France and grows only with oak. Specimens can be found in late autumn and winter, reaching 7 cm in diameter and weighing up to 100 g. Production is almost exclusively European, with France accounting for 45%, Spain 35%, Italy 20%, and small amounts from Slovenia, Croatia and the Australian states of Tasmania and Western Australia (see below). In 1900, France produced around 1,000 metric tonnes (1,100 short tons) of Tuber melanosporum. Production has considerably shrunk in the past century, and is now around 20 metric tonnes (22 short tons) per year, with peaks at 46 metric tonnes (50 short tons) in the best years. About 80% of the French production comes from southeast France. The largest truffle market in France (and probably also in the world) is at Richerenches in Vaucluse. The largest truffle market in southwest France is at Lalbenque in Quercy
. These markets are busiest in the month of January, when the black truffles have their highest perfume. As of December 2009, black truffles were sold for about €1,000 per kilo in a farmer's market and €3,940 per kilo in a retail saler.