Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Other websites
 Chunom.org "This site is about Chu Nom, the old writing system of Vietnam."
 Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation. Features a dictionary with the complete set of Sino-Vietnamese characters.
 Han-Nom Collection , digitized manuscripts held by the National Library of Vietnam.
 Han-Nom Research Institute
 Tạp chí Hán Nôm [Journal of Han-Nom Studies]
 Ngành Hán Nôm. A four-year program in Han-Nom is offered at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities of Ho Chi Minh City.
 Cách Gõ Chữ Hán Nôm - WinVNKey Software to allow the entry of Han-Nom characters by reading.
 倉頡之友《倉頡平台2012》  Cangjie input method for Windows that allows keyboard entry of all Unicode CJK characters by character shape. Supports over 70,000 characters. Users may add their own characters and character combinations.

Writing systems
Vietnamese culture
Dio Chrysostom (;  Dion Chrysostomos), Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (c. 40 – c. 115 AD) was a Greek speaker, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire. He lived in the 1st century, from about the year 40 to around the year 115.  He is also known as  Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus. Eighty of his Discourses (or Orations) are known. A few Letters and a funny mock essay In Praise of Hair, as well as a few other fragments also survive. His surname Chrysostom comes from the Greek chrysostomos, which literally means "golden-mouthed". He should not be confused with the Roman historian Cassius Dio, nor with the 4th-century bishop John Chrysostom of Constantinople.

40 births
110s deaths
Ancient Greek philosophers
Ancient Greek historians
115 deaths
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula is a central statement in complex analysis. The statement is named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy. It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk. The statement also provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function. Cauchy's formula shows that, in complex analysis, "differentiation is equivalent to integration": complex differentiation, like integration, behaves well under uniform limits – a result denied in real analysis.

Functions and mappings
Complex analysis
Magdalen College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The Bishop of Winchester, William of Waynflete, founded the college in 1458.  The full name of the college is "The President and Fellows of the College of St. Mary Magdalene in the University of Oxford".

At dawn on May Day, the College choir sings hymns from the top of the Magdalen Tower. Large crowds gather each year on Magdalen Bridge to hear the choir.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1458 establishments
15th-century establishments in England
Mansfield College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1838 as Spring Hill College in Birmingham. Spring Hill College moved to Oxford in 1886. At that time it was renamed Mansfield College, in honor of its largest donors, George and Elizabeth Mansfield. The college's main building was designed by Basil Champneys, and was completed in 1889.
The first female student at Mansfield was admitted in 1913. In 1955, Mansfield was named a Permanent Private Hall at Oxford University. In 1995, Mansfield was granted a Royal Charter making it a full member of the University. 

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1886 establishments in England
Chlöe Howl (born 4 March 1995) is an English singer. On 4 March 2013, her first extended play Rumor was released for free download. In June 2013, she released the video for her first single "No Strings". She released her second extended play No Strings on August 23. "No Strings" was played in the movie Kick-Ass 2.

Howl was nominated for BBC's Sound of 2014 prize on 3 December 2013.

On 5 December 2013, was nominated for the 2014 BRITs Critics' Choice Award.

On 9 December 2013, her second single "Paper Heart" was released.

References

Other websites

1995 births
Living people
English singers
Eliza Sophie Caird (born 17 April 1988), best known as Eliza Doolittle, is a British singer and songwriter. Her first album Eliza Doolittle was released on 12 July 2010.

Early life
Eliza Doolittle was born in London in 1988. Her father is John Caird. Her mother is Frances Ruffelle. Doolittle grew up in Camden. She went to Channing School.

Career
On 29 November 2009 Doolittle released her first EP Eliza Doolittle on iTunes. On 11 April 2010 she released her first single "Skinny Genes". On 5 July 2010 her second single "Pack Up" was released. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number twelve. It reached number five  on 11 July 2010. The two singles were from her album Eliza Doolittle, which was released on 12 July 2010. 

In 2011 Doolittle was signed to Select Models.

On 28 April 2013 "You & Me", a song by Disclosure with Doolittle singing on it, was released. It reached number ten in the UK Singles Chart.

On 7 June 2013 Doolittle released the first single from her second album, "Big When I Was Little".
Doolittle released her second album In Your Hands on 14 October 2013.

References

1988 births
Living people
Singers from London
New College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The official name of the college is "The Warden and Scholars of St. Mary's College at Winchester". New College is one of the oldest colleges at Oxford. It was founded in 1379. It is called "New" because it was the second college at Oxford named in honor of St. Mary. Oriel College which is 55 years older, is also officially named in honor of St. Mary.

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1379 establishments
14th-century establishments in England
1370s establishments in Europe
Say Lou Lou is a dream pop band. They are Elektra Kilbey and Miranda Kilbey. They are twin sisters. They were called Saint Lou Lou until January 2013.

Career
Say Lou Lou started in 2012.

In August 2012 Say Lou Lou performed at the Popaganda Festival in Stockholm.

On September 5 2012 Vogue put them in their magazine as Artist of the Week. 

On 15 November 2013 Say Lou Lou released the EP Better in the Dark on Sony Music.

In December 2013 BBC put them on their list of nominees for the Sound of 2014 prize.

Their first album will be released in 2014 by Columbia Records.

Say Lou Lou sometimes lived in Stockholm and sometimes live in Sydney.They now live in London.

References

Other websites
Official website

2012 establishments
Musical groups from Sydney
Musicians from Stockholm
Swedish musical groups
Alternative rock bands
Robert G. "Bob" Heft (January 19, 1942  – December 12, 2009) was the designer of the current United States 50-star flag. He has also designed a 51-star flag that would be used if a new state joins the United States. He was born in Saginaw, Michigan in January 1942.

Heft claimed to have designed the current United States flag as a school project in Lancaster, Ohio, when he was 17 years old. He received a B- for his project from his teacher, Stanley Pratt. After talking about the project, he reached an agreement with his teacher that, if the flag was selected as the official flag by the United States Congress, he would get a better grade for the project. Heft stated that his design was chosen out of more than 1,500 designs that were given to United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his teacher changed his grade to an A.  This claim is now in dispute and is believed to be a hoax.
After graduating from college, he became a high school teacher and later a college professor. He was also mayor of Napoleon,  Ohio for 28 years.

After years of combating diabetes, Heft died on December 12, 2009, from a heart attack while living in Saginaw.  He was 67 years old.

References

Other websites
Designer of America's current flag, by Jim Sielicki (UPI), The Exchange, July–August 1988.
Who Created the First US Flag of 50 Stars? 
Story Corps oral history of the creation of the 50 star flag in the words of Robert G. Heft.

Politicians from Ohio
American mayors

Deaths from myocardial infarction
1941 births
2009 deaths
People from Saginaw, Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
Nuffield College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1937. It is a graduate college only. It does not have any undergraduate students.
  

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1937 establishments in England
The Division of Macarthur is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after John Macarthur and his wife Elizabeth, who were both pioneers of Australia's wool industry. 

It covers the outer south-west of Sydney. It includes the suburbs of Airds, Ambarvale, Appin, Badgerys Creek, Bickley Vale, Bradbury, Camden, Camden South, Campbelltown, Cawdor, Cobbitty, Ellis Lane, Gilead, Glen Alpine, Grasmere, Greendale, Harrington Park, Kentlyn, Mount Annan, Narellan, Oran Park, Rosemeadow, Rossmore, St Helens Park, Wedderburn and Woodbine and parts of Bringelly, Catherine Field, Douglas Park, Leumeah, Razorback and Rossmore.

Over the years the size of the electorate has become much smaller. This is because of the increasing number of people living in the Campbelltown region. The towns of Bowral and Moss Vale and a large part of the Southern Highlands were removed from the division before the 2001 election.

Members

Election results

References
References

Other websites
Division of Macarthur- Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
new South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
September Girls are a garage pop band from Dublin, Ireland. They started in 2011. The members are Paula Cullen (bass, vocals), Caoimhe Derwin (guitar, vocals), Lauren Kerchner (keyboards, vocals), Jessie Ward (guitar, vocals), and Sarah Grimes (drums). Their first album will be released by Fortuna Pop! in 2014.

References 

2010s Irish music groups
Musical groups established in 2011
2011 establishments in Europe
21st-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
4AD is a British independent record label. It was started in 1979 by two men who worked at Beggars Banquet, called Ivo Watts-Russell and Peter Kent. It was called Axis Records. In 1980 the name was changed to 4AD. Musicians who have been signed to 4AD include Pixies, Cocteau Twins, and The Birthday Party. 4AD is part of the Beggars Group.

Facing the Other Way: The Story of 4AD, a book by Martin Aston about the history of the label, was published in 2013.

References

1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
British record labels
Dead Rising is a survival horror video game developed by Capcom Production Studio 1 and published by Capcom.

It was released on August 8, 2006 in North America, September 8, 2006 in Europe, September 14, 2006 in Australia, and on September 28, 2006 in Japan.The game was the first in the Dead Rising video game series and was followed by Dead Rising 2 in 2010.

In the game the player controls a photojournalist named Frank West who is trapped in a shopping mall during a zombie outbreak. The story centers around West trying to uncover the truth behind the outbreak while trying to stay alive.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8.3 out of 10 and said it was "one of the more unique and entertaining titles on the Xbox 360.” but noted that the game could have had "a better save system, more intelligent NPCs, a more forgiving story progression, and tighter controls"
GameSpot gave the game a 8.4 out of 10 and stated "Dead Rising's gory, ridiculous, and entertaining action, coupled with its real-time structure and campy stylistic touches, make it one of the most unique games currently available for the Xbox 360."

The game won "Most Innovative Design for Xbox 360" by IGN in 2006, "Best Action Adventure Game", "Best Sound Effects", and "Best Use of Xbox 360 Achievement Points" in GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2006, and won "Action Game of the Year" at the 2006 Spike TV Video Game Awards.

References

2006 video games
Capcom games
Horror video games
Xbox 360-only games
Christine Ijeoma Ohuruogu, MBE (born 17 May 1984) is a British athlete. Her coach is Lloyd Cowan. She was born to Igbo Nigerian parents in Newham, London.

In 2009, she was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire. 

Ohuruogu won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a silver medal in the 400m in the 2012 Summer Olympics. 

In December 2013, she was given the Sunday Times and Sky Sports Sportswoman of the Year award. She was also nominated for BBC Sports Personality of the Year.

Ohuruogu has written children's books.

References

1984 births
Black British sportspeople
English children's writers
British sprinters
British Olympic gold medalists 
British Olympic silver medalists
Doping cases in sport
Living people
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from the London Borough of Newham
Sportspeople from London
Sino-Vietnamese characters  () are Chinese-style characters read as either Vietnamese or as Sino-Vietnamese. When they are used to write Vietnamese, they are called Nôm. The same characters may be used to write Chinese. In this case, the character is given a Sino-Vietnamese, or Han-Viet, reading. Han-Viet is a system that allows Vietnamese to read Chinese. It is equivalent to pinyin in English.
Some of these characters are also used in China; others are used only in Vietnam. Chinese characters were introduced to Vietnam when the Han Empire invaded the country in 111 BC. Even after Vietnam became independent in AD 939, the country continued to use Classical Chinese () for official purposes. In the 1920s, Vietnam shifted from traditional characters to the Latin alphabet. The Han-Nom Institute was founded in Hanoi in 1970 to collect and study documents written in the traditional script. The institute has submitted a list of 19,981 Sino-Vietnamese characters to Unicode for electronic encoding. This includes a core set of 9,299 characters called the Nôm Ideographs.

History
History 

Chinese characters were introduced to Vietnam after the Han Empire conquered the country in 111 BC. Independence was achieved in 939, but the Chinese writing system was adopted for official purposes in 1010. Soon after the country achieved independence, Vietnamese began to use Chinese characters to write their own language. The Van Ban bell, engraved in 1076, is the earliest known example of a Nôm inscription. Nguyen Thuyen composed Nôm poetry in the 13th century. However, none of his work has survived. The oldest surviving Nôm text is the collected poetry of King Tran Nhan Tong, written in the 13th century.
Language issues 
Chinese characters are used to write various languages in China and elsewhere, including Mandarin, the most widely spoken language in China, Cantonese, spoken in Hong Kong and southern China, and Classical Chinese, traditionally used for formal writing. The characters were formerly used in Korea and in Vietnam. Japan uses a mix of Chinese characters and two native phonetic writing systems. Even characters that retain their original meaning in all languages may be read in various ways. The character 十 is pronounced as shí in Chinese romanization (pinyin), jū in Japanese romanization (Hepburn), sip in Korean romanization (Revised Romanization), and thập in the Han-Viet system used in Vietnam. In all these languages, the meaning of the character is “ten.”
The majority of the characters used in Nôm are of Chinese origin, chosen because they have an appropriate pronunciation or meaning. For example, the character used to write the word "Nôm" 喃 is pronounced nán in Chinese and means “chattering.” The fit between the Chinese character and the Vietnamese word is not always exact. The word "Nôm" does not have any negative connotation in Vietnamese, but rather suggests plain talk, something easy to understand.
Nôm includes thousands of characters not found in Chinese. In contrast, Japan developed only a few hundred kokuji, most of them describing plants and animals found only in Japan. Korea had just a small number of rarely used gukja. These characters were created by writers who combined pre-existing elements. One element, called the radical, indicates the character's meaning, or at least a semantic category. The other element, called the remainder, gives pronunciation. This is similar to how most Chinese characters are written. Like Chinese, Vietnamese is a tonal language. In contrast, Japanese and Korean can be written in phonetic scripts that do not indicate tone.

Readings
When a character is read as Vietnamese, it is romanized according to its Nôm reading. When it is read as Chinese, it can be romanized into Vietnamese as Han-Viet, or into English as pinyin. The chart below uses a darker background to display the Nôm Ideographs (V0 to V3), considered to be the core Nôm character set.
Encoding
In 1994, the Ideographic Rapporteur Group agreed to include Sino-Vietnamese characters in Unicode. In 1993-2001, the Han-Nom Institute assembled a collection of 9,299 “Nôm Ideographs" in four sets. These are the V0, V1, V2, and V3 characters shown below. A Sino-Vietnamese character is first assigned a V Source code, and later a codepoint. These codes are used to transmit and store the character electronically. An appropriate font must be installed to render them.
The Nôm Ideographs were extracted from two dictionaries published in the 1970s, one in Saigon and the other in Hanoi. V Source annotations were added to the glyphs that were already encoded. The rest were assigned codepoints in Extension B. The Hán Nôm Coded Character Repertoire (2008) integrates the work of the Han-Nom Institute with that of the U.S.-based Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation. This book presents a comprehensive list of 19,981 Sino-Vietnamese characters, including the Nôm Ideographs, manuscript variants, characters formerly used by the Tay people of northern Vietnam, as well as numerous Chinese characters with Han-Viet readings.

Notes

Citations

Bibliography
Bibliography

 . This books lists 8,187 Nom characters.
 
 
 . This is the most comprehensive Nôm dictionary with over 19,000 characters.
 
 . Hồng was the leader of the Nôm encoding project. This dictionary contains 12,000 entries.
 
 . This article tells how the Nom Na Tong font was created.
 
 
  This first Nôm dictionary.
 
  Ngô's group was sponsored by the Nôm Foundation. This work was later integrated into the Hán Nôm Coded Character Repertoire (2008).
 This is a comprehensive bibliography.
 . This book contains 17,761 Sino-Vietnamese characters. 
 
 
 
 
  This is the most widely available Nôm reference. It is an updated version of Vũ Văn Kính’s 1971 work.
Fonts
Some characters in this article may require the installation of an additional font to display properly:
 Hanamin B  – This Japanese font supports nearly 90,000 characters, including those in Unicode CJK Extension C.
 NomNaTongLight – This font, created by the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation, is based on characters found a 1933 woodblock print .
 Han Nom Font Set  – This open source font supports over 70,000 Unicode CJK codepoints.
 Fonts for Chu Nom. How to display and use Han-Nom characters.
Other websites
 Chunom.org "This site is about Chu Nom, the old writing system of Vietnam."
 Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation. Features a dictionary with the complete set of Sino-Vietnamese characters.
 Han-Nom Collection , digitized manuscripts held by the National Library of Vietnam.
 Han-Nom Research Institute
 Tạp chí Hán Nôm [Journal of Han-Nom Studies]
 Ngành Hán Nôm. A four-year program in Han-Nom is offered at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities of Ho Chi Minh City.
 Cách Gõ Chữ Hán Nôm - WinVNKey Software to allow the entry of Han-Nom characters by reading.
 倉頡之友《倉頡平台2012》  Cangjie input method for Windows that allows keyboard entry of all Unicode CJK characters by character shape. Supports over 70,000 characters. Users may add their own characters and character combinations.

Writing systems
Vietnam
Dead Rising 2 is a survival horror video game developed by Blue Castle Games and published by Capcom.

It was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on August 8, 2006 in North America, September 8, 2006 in Europe, September 14, 2006 in Australia, and on September 28, 2006 in Japan. It was also released on Microsoft Windows on September 28, 2010 in North America, September 30, 2010 in Australia, October 1, 2010 in Europe, and on October 28, 2010 in Japan.

The game was the second in the Dead Rising video game series and is the sequel to Dead Rising which was released in 2006.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8 out of 10 and said it was "It’s not the smoothest game and it can feel like the last one, however that doesn’t mean a thing when the game’s this much fun."

GameSpot gave the game a 8.5 out of 10 and stated "The Dead Rising formula proves to be as addictive as ever, and a new cooperative mode and weapon crafting system are great additions to the franchise."

References
References

2010 video games
Capcom games
Horror video games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Video game sequels
Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist. He is considered by other psychologists to be one of the most important psychologists of the 20th century. He was ranked 10th among psychologists nominated for being well-known or influential. He is known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Maslow died of a heart attack.

References

1908 births
1970 deaths
American atheists
American psychologists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Jewish American writers
Writers from Brooklyn
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Dead Rising 3 is a survival horror video game developed by Capcom Vancouver and published by Microsoft Studios.

It was announced Microsoft's E3 2013 press conference on June 10, 2013 and was released exclusively for the Xbox One on November 22, 2013 as a launch title.

The game was the third in the Dead Rising video game series and is the sequel to Dead Rising 2 which was released in 2010.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8.3 out of 10 and said it was "Dead Rising 3 delivers the undead and great tools to kill them with by the truckload."

GameSpot gave the game a 7 out of 10 and stated "Capcom has successfully made Dead Rising 3 a more welcoming experience than its harsh predecessors."

References

2013 video games
Capcom games
Horror video games
Xbox One games
Video game sequels
Sándor Szokolay  (30 March 1931 – 8 December 2013) was an Hungarian composer and a professor of the Liszt Ferenc Academy, Budapest.

Szokolay was born on 30 March 1931 in Kunágota, Hungary. He was chairman of the Hungarian Kodály Society (1978) and the Hungarian Music Camera (1991–92), and he is member of the Hungarian Széchenyi Art Academy (1992). Szokolay died on 8 December 2013 in Sopron from pneumonia, Hungary, aged 82.

References

Other websites

 Szokolay Sándor: Sopron years (accessed at the Wayback Machine)
 Evangelic Church life
 Fidelio 
 Sopron walker’s book
 Pearlhymn Vivat Academia 2005.

1931 births
2013 deaths
Hungarian composers
Hungarian academics
Margaret "Meg" Mundy (4 January 1915 – 12 January 2016) was an English-American actress. She was born in London, but moved to the United States at the age of six in 1921. She played "Mona Aldrich Croft", on The Doctors from 1971 until 1982, when the show was cancelled. She was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards for her role as Croft.

Mundy's mother was an Australian opera singer. Mundy was married to Mark Daniels from 1943 until they divorced in 1951. Then she was married to Konstantinos "Dino" Yannopoulos until his death in 1985. They had one child. Mundy now lives in Manhattan, New York.

References

Other websites

1915 births
2016 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Actors from New York City
Kingdom Hearts III is a action role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix. It is the eighth game for the Kingdom Hearts video game series. It was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. Kingdom Hearts III is the first game in the series to be released on a Microsoft platform as it was only released on both Sony and Nintendo systems.

Development
After years of rumors and speculation, the game was confirmed to be in development at E3 2013. Director Tetsuya Nomura said that the game will finish the "Xehanort Saga" but that it would not be the final game in the series.
In a June 2013 interview with Famitsu, Nomura discussed the visuals that were seen in the teaser trailer. He said that they tried to remember that the "Kingdom Hearts characters were originally paintbrush art from Disney productions, a texture that was one of our original aims, and that it was time to return to that. So [chief creative director Takeshi] Nozue went through a series of tests, and the results are the visuals that we refer to in the team as the Kingdom Shader. It may look like a pretty drastic change, but I see it as a rich evolution of everything we've shown you up to now." In September 2013, producer Shinji Hashimoto said that since both Kingdom Hearts III and Final Fantasy XV are being directed by Nomura, there would be a big gap between the release of the two games, "as [they] want each game to be perfect in terms of quality
." Hashimoto repeated Nomura's statements about the game's announcement at E3 2013, and said that "the company thought it was about time it addressed speculation about the long-awaited conclusion to the trilogy." In October 2013, Teruzane Utada, the father of singer Hikaru Utada, said that Hikaru would once again be involved in the theme song, as she did with Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II. He later stated that it is still undecided on their involvement. In January 2014, actor Haley Joel Osment, the English voice of Sora in the series, said that he was in talks with the development team after the announcement and said that since dialogue was one of the last parts of the process, he believed he would not begin recording until mid-2014 at the earliest.
Controversy 
After the announcement of SQUARE ENIX that there would be no French Spanish and German voice (present in the 1 and 2) European fans launched the movement # EUDubbingForKH3 which aims to change his opinion SE and he includes (real) German and Spanish French voice through petition, letter etc.

References

Other websites
Official website 
Official Europe & North American website

2019 video games
Disney video games
Kingdom Hearts series
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox One games
Watchmen were groups of men who discouraged crime and enforced the law. They were usually authorised by the state or government. Watchmen have existed in many places around the world throughout history. Today, the job of law enforcement has generally been taken over by organised police.

An early reference to a watch can be found in the Bible. Ezekiel says that it was the watchmen's duty to sound the alarm to warn the people that they were under attack (Ezekiel 33:1-6). The Roman Empire turned the role of a watchman into a profession. The Vigiles was the city watch in Rome. It was the city's police force.
In England, the Ordinance of 1233 required the appointment of watchmen. The Assize of Arms of 1252 and the Statute of Winchester of 1285 are considered among the earliest examples of a police in England. The Assize of Arms required that constables be appointed to call men to fight when the town was under attack. It also required them to stop disturbances of the peace, and to take criminals to the sheriff. By 1415, a watch was appointed to the Parliament of England. King Henry VII appointed a watch for his house, the Tower of London, in 1485. These watchmen became known as the Beefeaters.

References

More reading
David Barrie, Police in the Age of Improvement: Police Development and the Civic Tradition in Scotland, 1775-1865, Willan Publishing, 2008, . Chapter "watching and wardning", pp. 34–41

Law enforcement occupations
SpaceShipOne  is a vehicle built to travel to the lower limits of outer space. It completed the first manned private spaceflight in 2004. That same year, it won the US$10 million Ansari X Prize and has not flown since winning. It was carried high into the air by a specially designed plane named "White Knight". Both vehicles were built and flown by Mojave Aerospace Ventures. This was a joint project between Paul Allen and Scaled Composites, Burt Rutan's flying machine company. Allen provided the money to build and fly SpaceShipOne, about US$25 million.
Rutan has said that ideas about the project began as early as 1994. The full-time work towards the 2004 accomplishments took about three years. The vehicle first flew faster than the speed of sound on December 17, 2003. This date was also the one-hundredth anniversary of the Wright Brothers' historic first powered flight. SpaceShipOne's first official spaceflight, was piloted by Mike Melvill. A few days before that flight, the Mojave Air and Space Port was the first commercial spaceport licensed in the United States. A few hours after that flight, Melvill became the first licensed U.S. commercial astronaut. The overall project name was "Tier One". It has evolved into Tier 1b with a goal of taking a new, but similar ship's first paying passengers into space within the next few years.

Individual aircraft
Spacecraft
Watch Dogs (written as Watch_Dogs) is an action-adventure video game that was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. The game was released on 27 May 2014. The game is available on Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One and Wii U.

It was revealed during Ubisoft's press conference at E3 2012. They announced that PC is the lead platform for the game.

It was chosen as Best PC Game, Biggest Surprise and Best New Franchise of E3 2012 by IGN. It also won People's Choice Most Exciting Game of E3 2013 by GameSpot.

The game tells the story of Aiden Pearce, a hacker who searches the city of Chicago for information in order to find out who hired the men who killed his six-year-old niece, Lena, when they tried and failed to kill Aiden.

References

Other websites
Official website 

2014 video games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Wii U games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Ubisoft games
Leonardo is one of the four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. He is the leader of the team of brothers and uses a sword. He is named after Leonardo da Vinci.

Portrayals
Leonardo has been played by James Arnold Taylor and Johnny Knoxville in movies based on TMNT.

Fictional characters introduced in 1984
Fictional turtles
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
Injustice (franchise) guest characters
Tony Hawk's (series) guest characters
Michelangelo is one of the four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. He is the comic relief of the group of brothers and uses nunchakus.

Portrayals
Mikey has been played by Mikey Kelley in movies based on TMNT.

Fictional characters introduced in 1984
Fictional turtles
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
Injustice (franchise) guest characters
Tony Hawk's (series) guest characters
The Division of Mackellar is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after Dorothea Mackellar, a 20th-century Australian poet. The division was set up in 1949.

It covers the northern beach suburbs of Sydney, including Narrabeen, Beacon Hill, Newport, Palm Beach and Terrey Hills.

Members

William Wentworth IV, was the first Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, and the great-grandson of politician and explorer William Wentworth, one of the first Europeans to cross the Blue Mountains. Bronwyn Bishop was the Speaker of the Australian House of Representativesfrom 2013 to 2015.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Mackellar - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
Donatello is one of the four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. He is the brains of the group of brothers and uses a bo staff. He is named after Donatello, one of the Renaissance masters.

Portrayals
Donnie has been played by Leif Tilden in movies based on TMNT.

Fictional characters introduced in 1984
Fictional turtles
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters
Injustice (franchise) guest characters
Tony Hawk's (series) guest characters
The Division of McMahon is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was set up in 2010 and is named for Australian Prime Minister Sir William McMahon. It replaced the division of Prospect.

The division covers the western suburbs of Sydney. It includes the suburbs of Abbotsbury, Blacktown (part), Bossley Park, Canley Vale, Cecil Park, Eastern Creek, Edensor Park, Erskine Park, Fairfield, Fairfield Heights, Fairfield West, Greenfield Park, Greystanes, Horsley Park, Kemps Creek, Merrylands (part), Merrylands West, Mount Vernon, Orchard Hills, Pemulwuy, Prairiewood, Prospect, Smithfield, South Wentworthville (part), St Clair and Wetherill Park.

Members

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of McMahon - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
2009 establishments in Australia
The Airbus A350 XWB (XWB standing for Extra Wide Body) is a type of airplane built by European aerospace company Airbus. It is a wide-body, long-ranged aircraft. The plane is able to carry between 300 and 410 passengers in a 3-class configuration. On January 15, 2015, the A350-900 entered service with Qatar Airways, and the A350-1000 on February 24, 2018 with the same airline.

Variants

A350-900 (A359/359) 
The A350-900 is a wide-body, twin-engined aircraft made by Airbus. It is the shortest plane in its family, which holds 300-350 passengers in a three-class configuration. This plane is the first of its family.

A350-900ULR 
The A350-900ULR is the upgraded version of the A350-900, which "ULR" stands for Ultra Long Range. Its larger fuel tanks allow for a longer range of 9,700 nm. The first operator of the type is Singapore Airlines in 12 October 2018.

A350-1000 (A35K/351)
The A350-1000 is a wide body twin engined aircraft made by Airbus. It is the lengthened version of the A350-900 that is 7 meters longer than the A350-900, and can holds 350-410 passengers when arranged in a three-class configuration.

Specifications

Gallery

References

Airbus aircraft
Alfriston (pronounced All-friston) is a village and civil parish in the Sussex district of Wealden, England. The village is in the valley of the River Cuckmere, about four miles (6 km) north-east of Seaford and south of the main A27 trunk road and part of the large area of Polegate. Alfriston has a population of 764.

Villages in East Sussex
Civil parishes in East Sussex
The Dipodidae are a family of small to medium-sized rodents living in the northern hemisphere. The family has over 50 species in 16 genera.

They include the jerboas, jumping mice, and birch mice. Different species are found in grassland, deserts, and forests. They are all capable of saltation, which is jumping from a bipedal stance. This feature is most highly evolved in the desert-dwelling jerboas. Their movement resembles that of kangaroos more than that of true mice. 

Most species are nocturnal, and the eyes and ears are noticeably larger than usual in proportion to the body.

References

Rodents
A personal defense weapon (PDW) is usually defined as a light, compact and easy to use firearm. However the definition varies depending on context and who you ask. Many will still say it is a short-barreled rifle (SBR). These are regulated in the United States by the ATF. Many SBRs have "selective fire" (you can switch between semi-automatic or fully automatic fire). 

The United States Department of Homeland Security defines a personal defense weapon as an M4 carbine (or a Colt AR-15 civilian semi-automatic rifle). Some governments' definition of PDWs includes handguns. An example is the Czech Republic. It has proposed a constitutional amendment which would allow its citizens to own and keep PDWs as a way to discourage terrorists. Regardless, a PDW is usually agreed upon as being somewhere between a submachine gun and an assault rifle.
History 
In the 1980s, the term was used for troops in tight, confined environments. They needed a compact automatic weapon that could defeat body armor. It was designed for troops in tanks, military trucks and those operating from aircraft including pilots. The majority of soldiers do not take part in an infantry battle. Their jobs are usually to support the infantry. Their main role is not winning a fight, but often to escape an ambush. In other situations they may assist the infantry. PDWs are also used by bodyguards as they can be hidden under a jacket but still allowed good firepower. PDWs tend to be shorter range weapons.
The term evolved as concealed carry became more popular, especially in places like the United States. Certain states in the United States make carrying a firearm for personal defense relatively easy while others make it more difficult. Also, quite a few other countries allow concealed carry, to various degrees. Pistols, especially compact models, are very popular self defense weapons today.  Also, there are now a number of pistols available in rifle calibers.

Alternative self-defense weapons 
In places where a firearm cannot be carried or the person chooses not to carry a firearm, there are other weapons they can carry. Common items such as a credit card, car keys, a pen or even a scarf can be effective self defense weapons. Because of the popularity of self defense, there are also specially designed non-lethal weapons designed not to look like weapons.

References

Other websites 
 Self Defense Weapons (Non Lethal?); YouTube
 Firearms Facts: Personal Defense Weapons; YouTube

Firearms
Swinton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, a county in England. 11,701 people lived in Swinton in 2011.

Education
Swinton has a secondary school called Swinton Community School. The school has a sixth form.

References

Towns in South Yorkshire
Simon Green (born 30 March 1976), known as Bonobo, is a British electronic musician. He released his first album Animal Magic in 2000 on the record label Tru Thoughts. It was then released again by Ninja Tune in 2001. He became successful in 2013 when he released his fifth album The North Borders. Erykah Badu sung on one of the songs on the album. Bonobo's song "Ketto" was used in the Citroën C4 Picasso car advertisement in 2007. He lives in New York.

References

1976 births
British electronic musicians
Living people
John Roger Stephens (born December 28, 1978), known professionally as John Legend, is an American singer and songwriter. Legend has won nine Grammy Awards. He has worked with a number of established musicians before signing to Kanye West in 2004. Starting in 2019, he became a coach on the television series called The Voice.

Career
His first album, Get Lifted, was released by GOOD Music (an imprint founded by rapper Kanye West) in 2004. It won the 2006 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album.

In 2005, Legend won Best R&B Act at the MOBO Awards.

In 2006, Legend released his second album Once Again.

In 2008, he released his third album Evolver. Three songs on the album were produced by will.i.am. Brandy sang the third song. The single "Heaven" won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance.

In 2010, Wake Up!, an album of songs by Legend and The Roots, was released.
Legend released his fourth album, Love in the Future, in 2013. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. "All of Me" was released as a single from the album. It reached number one in Australia, Canada, and the US.

He released the song "A Good Night" through Columbia Records with producer BloodPop on April 6, 2018.

In 2018, Legend became one of sixteen people to win an Oscar, Grammy, Tony and Emmy Award.

Personal life
Legend is a feminist. He married model Chrissy Teigen in 2013 after 10 years of courtship. Their daughter, Luna Simone Stephens, was born on April 14, 2016. Teigen and Legend's second child, Miles Theodore Stephens, was born on May 16, 2018. Esti Maxine Stephens is their rainbow baby and was born January 13, 2023. They welcomed their 4th child on June 19, 2023, born via surrogate, a boy they've named Wren Alexander Stephens.

References

Other websites 

 Official website
Official website

1978 births
Living people
Actors from Ohio
African American actors
African-American singers
American feminists
American pop singers
American singer-songwriters
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Emmy Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Hip hop musicians
Musicians from Ohio
People from Springfield, Ohio
Soul musicians
James Blake Litherland (born 26 September 1988), known as James Blake, is an English singer-songwriter and electronic music producer. In 2013 Blake was nominated for a Grammy Award for the first time. He was nominated for Best New Artist.

Early life
Blake was born in London. He went to The Latymer School.

Career
Blake released his first album James Blake on 4 February 2011. It got good reviews. Pitchfork gave it a score of 9 out of 10. It was nominated for the Mercury Prize.

On 5 April 2013, Blake released his second album Overgrown. Brian Eno produced the song "Digital Lion". On October 30th 2013, Overgrown won the Mercury Prize.

Personal life
In 2013, Blake said that he was dating Theresa Wayman from the band Warpaint.

References

Other websites
Official website

1988 births
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from London
Kathleen Anne Brien (born 8 May 1989), better known as Katy B, is an English singer and songwriter. She released her first album On a Mission  on April 1, 2011. It got good reviews from music critics. It was nominated for the 2011 Mercury Prize. Katy was born in Peckham, London. She went to the BRIT School. Her next album Little Red will be released in February 2014. She released the second single from it, "5 AM", on 4 November 2013. It reached number fourteen in the UK Singles Chart.

References

1989 births
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Singers from London
People from Peckham
"I Want You Back" is a 1969 single by The Jackson 5. It was The Jackson 5's first release on Motown. It reached number one in the United States. It has sold six million copies. In 2009 Michael Jackson, the main singer of The Jackson 5, died. The song went back into the charts in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Ireland, Finland, and Australia.

References

1969 songs
The Jackson 5 songs
"ABC" is a 1970 single by The Jackson 5. It was the first single from the band's second album ABC. It was number one in the United States for one week.

References 

1970 songs
Bubblegum pop songs
Soul songs
The Jackson 5 songs
Jarvis Branson Cocker (born 19 September 1963) is an English musician. He is best known for being the frontman of the Britpop band Pulp. In 2012, Cocker started presenting Jarvis Cocker's Sunday Service on BBC Radio 6 Music.

Career
When Cocker was 15 he started Arabacus Pulp with his friend Peter Dalton. They later changed their name to Pulp. They released their first album It in April 1983. In 1987 they released their second album Freaks. In 1994 Pulp released their first album to sell a lot of copies, His 'n' Hers. In May 1995 Pulp released the single "Common People". It reached number two in the UK Singles Chart.

He released his first solo album Jarvis on 13 November 2006. Cocker's second album Further Complications was released May 18, 2009.

References

1963 births
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Sheffield
The Sims 4 is a life simulation video game developed by Maxis and The Sims Studio and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released on September 2, 2014 and is the sequel of The Sims 3. The game is available on Microsoft Windows and OS X.

It was revealed during Gamescon via gameplay demo and release trailer.

The game does not require an internet connection to play, but it will need an Origin account and internet access during the initial installation process.

Gameplay 
The Sims 4 is made from the same idea of the other games in the series. The player controls their Sims' everyday lives. The game is open-ended and has barely any limits. The lots are connected with a large map. Sims can go to lots close to where they are by walking there, but can use their cell phones to go anywhere.
Create-A-Sim 
Create-A-Sim is needed to create Sims characters. With no Sims, you can't play the game. Sims 4's Create-A-Sim is easier to use than it is in other Sims games. The Sim's body type can be changed by clicking and dragging parts of the Sim's body. There is a slider to change how muscular the Sim is and another slider to change how fat the Sim is.

A Sim's clothing can be customized  by the player. Mods can change this, but mods can also damage the game. Sims have several outfits. Each outfit is made in Create-A-Sim. They wear different outfits in different situations: an everyday outfit, a formal outfit, an athletic outfit, a sleep outfit, a party outfit, and swimwear. The player can change the Sims' outfits at any time in Live Mode.
Traits 
Traits are what give Sims their personalities. Every trait you give a Sim will add something to their personality. For example, giving a Sim the cheerful trait will make them happy more often. When you are first creating your Sim you can give them three traits, and when you choose their aspiration you get one more. After that you can give them more traits by completing aspirations. There is no limit to the number of traits a Sim can have. The aspirations are:

• Active, which makes the Sim more likely to exercise (the Lazy trait cannot be used with this)

• Creative, the Sim is more likely to read books, paint, etc. This can link well with most traits.

• Genius, the Sim is very intelligent. They will become upset if they have not read in a while, and can link well with the Creative trait. 

• Happy, the Sim is cheerful and optimistic. They will become tense around people with the 'Sad' trait.

• Sad, the Sim is the opposite of the Happy trait, which means a Sim can't have both traits.
• Playful - The Sim is more likely to have the Playful moodlet, and is the opposite of the Snob trait. It links well with the Immature trait.

Aspirations

A Sim's aspiration is their biggest goal. You can change your Sim's aspiration whenever you want. The first aspiration you choose when you are creating your Sim will give you a special trait, but changing your Sim's aspiration after that won't change your Sim's traits. Each aspiration gives your Sims a set of tasks to complete. When you complete all these tasks you will get a second special trait. The trait you get will be different for each aspiration. These can be completed if wanted using cheat codes in the game.

Child and Toddler Sims have their own group of aspirations to complete. These aspirations cannot be given to adult and teen Sims.
Live Mode 
Sims can only move and be controlled while the player is playing in Live Mode. In Live Mode, 1 second of real time=1 minute in in-game time. In Live Mode, the player can control one Sim in the selected household.

Relationships 
Sims can form relationships by talking to other Sims. The way your Sims treat who they're talking to will affect their relationships. If they are nice to a sim they will have a friendly relationship, but if they are mean they will have a bad relationship. Your Sims can also have romantic relationships with other Sims.

Needs 
The 6 needs in the game are Fun, Energy, Hunger, Bladder, Social and Hygiene.This can change with the Vampire game pack, as the needs are Vampire Energy, Thirst, Hygiene, Social and Fun.
Moods 
Sims have different moods depending on what happens to them. The positive moods include Happy, Confident, Energized, Flirty, Focused, Inspired, and Playful. The negative moods include Angry, Bored, Dazed, Embarrassed, Sad, Tense, Uncomfortable, and Scared. These moods are triggered by moodlets. Each moodlet has a certain number of points. For example, a moodlet may give your Sim "+2 Happy". Whichever mood has the most points will be the mood that your Sim is in at that time. Sims have different behaviors depending on their mood. It also impacts their social interactions with other Sims and their work performance.

Whims 
There are many whims in the game. For example, your Sim may want to buy a TV, do their homework or take a bath.