Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Embioptera are an order of insects, commonly known as webspinners. 

Webspinners are a small group of mostly tropical and subtropical insects. They are in the subclass Pterygota. The group first appeared during the Jurassic and is well represented in Cretaceous amber. The common name webspinner comes from the insects' ability to spin silk from structures on their front legs. They use the silk to make a web-like pouch or gallery in which they live. They feed on leaf litter, moss, bark and lichen. 

Occasionally they arrive in temperate countries, usually as passengers on cargo.

References 

Insects
Jane Maria Atkinson née Richmond (15 September 1824 to 29 September 1914) was a pioneer, writer, and the first British woman to climb Mt Taranaki.

Early life
Maria grew up in a Unitarian household. The early death of her father, Christopher Richmond, caused financial trouble for the family. At the age of 28, Maria and her family left for New Zealand along with the Hursthouses, Richmonds, and Ronalds. They came to Auckland May 25th, 1853. They moved to the early New Plymouth colony. She and Arthur Samuel Atkinson  found love on the ship. They married 30 December 1854.

New Zealand
Maria first was a pioneering housewife and mother.  She and Arthur moved to Nelson, New Zealand in 1867.  In Nelson she became active in the community.  She helped support women's right to vote, talked to many about forming a girl's college and guided a debate team.  The Atkinsons let teachers for Nelson College for Girls use their home called Fairfield House.

References
References

More reading
Born to New Zealand: A Biography of Jane Maria Atkinson by Frances Porter (1989, Allen & Unwin/Port Nicholson Press, Wellington) 

1824 births
1914 deaths
New Zealand writers
Zoraptera is an order of insects, is one of the least diverse and most poorly understood insect lineages. Zoraptera are minute, hemimetabolous insects superficially resembling barklice (Psocoptera) or termites (Isoptera).

Description 
Individuals are generally less than 3 mm in total body length, exclusive of their antennae, and are gregarious. Overall, zorapterans are quite homogenous in their morphology and tend to be off-white (mostly nymphs) to brown in color. Individuals of each species occur in two morphs: eyed and winged forms that then shed their wings after dispersal or blind and apterous forms that predominate in colonies.

Other websites 

Insects
Mary Jane Bennett (1816 to 6 July 1885) was the first official lighthouse keeper in New Zealand, and the only woman to have the position.

Personal life 
Mary moved to New Zealand in 1840.  She soon married George White Bennett.  In 1852 George took the position of lighthouse keeper at Pencarrow Head.  Following the death of her husband in 1855, Mary worked at the lighthouse.  In January 1859 a good lighthouse building was made.  She was selected as keeper.  Pencarrow Lighthouse was the first permanent lighthouse in New Zealand.

References

1816 births
1885 deaths
New Zealand people
Heni Materoa Carroll (1850s to November 1, 1930) also known as Te Huinga was a leader of the Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki (a group of the Māori)) and wife of politician James Carroll.

She became chief of her people when her mother died in 1887.  When her husband was elected to Parliament, she did not move from Gisborne.  During World War I she worked to support Māori soldiers.  She became chairperson of the Eastern Māori Patriotic Association.  She was given the Order of the British Empire in 1918.

References

1930 deaths
1850s births
New Zealand Māori people
Dr Margaret Barnett Cruickshank (1 January 1873 – 28 November 1918) was the first registered woman doctor in New Zealand.

Biography

Cruickshank studied at the University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine and was the second woman, following Emily Siedeberg, in New Zealand to complete medical school.  During World War I she planned the work of the Waimate Red Cross Fund. She died from the 1918 flu pandemic.

Legacy
In 1923 a memorial statue was shown at Seddon Square in Waimate. The plinth was prepared by Daniel Berry and the statue was carved by William Trethewey. In 1948 the maternity room in Waimate Hospital was named after her.

References

More reading
 Ancestry.com page

1873 births
1918 deaths
Deaths from influenza
New Zealand physicians
The Helsinki Stock Exchange (formerly OMX Helsinki,  officially NASDAQ OMX Helsinki) is a stock exchange that is in Helsinki, Finland. The Helsinki Stock Exchange was first made in October 7, 1912 when they made their first transaction. After that they had remained a "free form" type of financial association until 1984. Then it changed to a cooperative owned mostly by banks, traders, other companies and associations. The stock exchange lists 141 businesses.

Other websites
 

Stock exchanges in Europe
1912 establishments in Europe
Helsinki
1910s establishments in Finland
Kate Milligan Evans Edger (January 6, 1857 to May 6, 1935) was the first woman in New Zealand to get a university degree and the first woman in the British Empire to get a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Edger's family moved from England to New Zealand in 1862.  On 11 July 1877, she graduated from the University of New Zealand.

Legacy
The Kate Edger Educational Charitable Trust gives money to help women get degrees.  In 2004 the Kate Edger Information Commons was formed at The University of Auckland.

References 

1857 births
1935 deaths
New Zealand people
John Ruganda (30 May 1941 to 8 December 2007) was Uganda's best-known playwright.  Ruganda was also a professor at University of North, South Africa, University of Nairobi, and Makerere University.

Ruganda's plays "reflect the reality of the East African sociopolitical situation after independence."  He helped outline East African theater.  The Burdens (1972) and The Floods (1980) are regularly studied in literature classes.

Writing

Plays
 The Burdens, Kampala, Uganda, National Theatre, January 1970
 Black Mamba, Kampala, 1972
 The Good Woman of Setzuan, by Bertolt Brecht, translated into Swahili by Ruganda, Nairobi, Nairobi University Players, November 1978
 The Floods, Nairobi, French Cultural Centre, 1 March 1979
 Music without Tears, Nairobi, Nairobi University Players, February 1982
 Echoes of Silence, Nairobi, 1985
Television
 The Secret of the Season, screenplay by Ruganda, Voice of Kenya, March 1973
 The Floods, screenplay by Ruganda, Voice of Kenya, April 1973
 The Illegitimate, screenplay by Ruganda, Voice of Kenya, August 1982

References

More books
 Horn, "Uhuru to Amin: T he Golden Decade of Theatre in Uganda," Literary Half-Yearly, 19, no. 1 (1978): 22-49.
 Peter Nazareth, "Africa under Neocolonialism: New East African Writing". Busara, 6, no. 1  (1974): 19-32.
 Mineke Schipper. Theatre and Society in Africa (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1982).

1941 births
2007 deaths
"Party People" is a song by American rapper Nelly, featuring singer Fergie.
It was the first single from Nelly's fifth studio album Brass Knuckles. The song was released on March 18, 2008. The song reached number 7 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, 12 on the Irish Singles Chart, 14 on both the Australian ARIA Singles and UK Singles Charts, 16 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks, 23 on the German Singles Chart, 37 on the U.S. Billboard Pop 100, 40 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, 46 on the Austrian Singles Chart, 52 on the Canadian Hot 100 and 62 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

Nelly songs
2008 songs
Fergie (singer) songs
A Just Russia  (, СР, Spravedlivaya Rossiya, SR), also translated as Fair Russia, is a social democratic party in Russia that currently holds 38/450 seats in the State Duma. The party was created on October 28, 2006.

Political parties in Russia
Nikolai Vladimirovich Levichev (, born May 28, 1953) is a Russian politician. He was the leader of A Just Russia party from April 16, 2011 to October 27, 2013.

1953 births
Living people
Russian politicians
"Body on Me" is a 2008 R&B/Hip hop song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singer Ashanti and Akon. It was the second single from his fifth studio album Brass Knuckles and is also the second single  from Ashanti's fourth album The Declaration. The song was released on June 9, 2008. 

The song reached #10 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks, #12 on the Irish Singles Chart, #17 on the UK Singles Chart, #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, #42 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, #57 on the Canadian Hot 100, #58 on the U.S. Billboard Pop 100, #69 on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

2008 songs
Akon songs
Nelly songs
"Stepped on My J'z" is a 2008 Hip hop/Crunk song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singer Ciara and rapper Jermaine Dupri. It is the second single from Nelly's fifth studio album Brass Knuckles. The song was released on June 11, 2008 as a digital download and on July 1, 2008 on the U.S. radio. A music video was released before.

The song reached #69 on the U.S. Billboard Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles and #90 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It was performed at the 2008 BET Awards by Nelly, Ciara and Jermaine.
The music video was directed by Benny Boom. It appeared on BET's show Access Granted. In the video, three kids skip school to go buy new pairs of Air Jordans. Nelly raps while sitting on a car. Nelly is then talking with his friends when a man steps over his Jordans. Nelly confronts the man. This is a reference to a scene in the 1989 Spike Lee movie Do the Right Thing. Later there is another reference with Nelly and Jermaine Dupri recreating a famous commercial with Spike Lee and Michael Jordan. Ciara is seen dancing later on in the video.

References

Other websites

2008 songs
Nelly songs
"Just a Dream" is a 2010 Pop rap/R&B song by American rapper and singer Nelly. It was the first single from his sixth studio album 5.0. The song was released on August 16, 2010. 

The song reached #1 on the U.S. Billboard Pop Songs and #3 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Nelly songs
2010 songs
Colmar is a commune in Alsace in north-eastern France, in the Haut-Rhin department, of which it is a prefecture. It is in the Grand Est region.

Geography
Colmar is in the north of the Haut-Rhin department. It is in the plain of Alsace, to the east of the Vosgues mountains. The Lauch river, a tributary of the Ill river, flows through the commune.

It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Colmar to other cities are:
 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Strasbourg, the regional capital - ;
 Marseille - ;
 Lyon - ;
 Reims - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Toulouse - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Nice - .

The commune of Altkirch is surrounded by the following communes:

Climate
The area around Colmar, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Colmar is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Colmar is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

The average temperature for the year in Colmar is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Population
The inhabitants of Colmar are known, in French, as Colmariens (women: Colmariennes).

With a population of 68,784, Colmar has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Colmar

Colmar forms, together with 6 other communes, the urban area of Colmar with a population of 93,858 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Colmar, formed by 39 communes with a population of 129,678 inhabitants and an area of .
Administration
Colmar is the prefecture of the Haut-Rhin department since 1800. It is the capital of the Colmar-Ribeauvillé arrondissement and is also the administrative centre () of 2 cantons:
 Colmar-1, formed with a part of Colmar and the commune Ingersheim, with 44,524 inhabitants (2014).
 Colmar-2, formed with a part of Colmar and 12 communes, with 51,221 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Colmar Agglomération.

Twin towns 
Colmar is twinned with:
  Schongau, Bavaria, Germany
  Lucca, Italy
  Princeton, United States
  Győr, Hungary
  Eisenstadt, Austria
  Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
  Vale of White Horse, United Kingdom

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Colmar - Official site 
 Ville de Colmar - Colmar Alsace France Tourist Office
Cicely (Myrrhis odorata), also called sweet cicely, is a plant in the family Apiaceae. It is a tall perennial plant, growing to 2 meters tall. The leaves are divided. The flowers are white. The seeds are slender.

Uses 
Cicely leaves are sometimes used as a herb, with a strong taste of anise.

Apiaceae
Herbs
"Move That Body" is a 2010 hip hop/electro hop song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singers T-Pain and Akon. It was the second single from his sixth studio album 5.0. The song was released on October 12, 2010. The music video for Move That Body first appeared on Nelly's official VEVO on October 19 2010. 

The song reached #24 on the UK R&B Chart, #29 on the ARIA Charts, #54 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #71 on the UK Singles Chart.

2010 songs
Akon songs
Nelly songs
T-Pain songs
This is a list of the 377 communes of the Haut-Rhin département, in France.

 (CAC) Communauté d'agglomération of Colmar, created in 2004.
 (CAM) Communauté d'agglomération Mulhouse Sud Alsace, created in 2001.

Haut-Rhin
The following is a list of the 527 communes of the Bas-Rhin département, in France.

 (CUS) Communauté urbaine of Strasbourg, created in 1966.
 (CAS) Communauté d'agglomération of Sarreguemines Confluences, created in 2002, most of which is located in the Moselle département.

Bas-Rhin
The département of the Pyrénées-Orientales is composed of 226 communes.

Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a significant minority of the population. The Catalan names of communes are taken from the Enciclopèdia catalana and are intended for comparison with the official French names: they do not indicate the current or former linguistic status of the commune.

 (CATM) Commune forming part of the Communauté d'agglomération Têt Méditerranée, created in 2001.

Former communes and names 
The following names of communes are no longer in use, 
either because the commune has been absorbed into another 
commune or because it has changed name.
Amélie-les-Bains → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1942)
 Angoustrine → Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (1973)
 Anills → Ponteilla (< 1800)
 Argelès → Argelès-sur-Mer (1840)
 Arles-les-Bains → Amélie-les-Bains (1840) → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1942)
 Ayguatébia → Ayguatébia-Talau (1983)
 Aytua → Escaro (1822)
 Bajande → Estavar (1822)
 Belloc → Villefranche (< 1800) → Villefranche-de-Conflent (1893)
 Belpuig → Prunet-et-Belpuig (< 1800)
 Bessegarde → L'Écluse (< 1800) → Les Cluses (1984)
 Boiça → Alénya (< 1800)
 Cabanes → Saint-Génis (< 1800) → Saint-Génis-des-Fontaines (1968)
 Caldegas → Bourg-Madame (1973)
 Canet → Canet-en-Roussillon-Saint-Nazaire (1972) → Canet-en-Roussillon (1983)
 Canet-en-Roussillon-Saint-Nazaire → Canet-en-Roussillon and Saint-Nazaire (1983)
 Caudiès → Caudiès-de-Conflent (1983)
 Caudiès → Caudiès-de-Fenouillèdes (1898)
 Château-Roussillon → Perpignan (< 1800)
 Comes → Eus (1828)
 Corneilla → Corneilla-de-Conflent (1933)
 Cortals → La Llagonne (1822)
 L'Écluse → Les Cluses (1984)
En → Nyer (1822)
 Espira → Espira-de-Conflent (1933)
 Évol → Olette (1827)
 Fetges → Sauto (< 1800)
 Flassa → Jujols (< 1800)
 Fontanils → Arles-sur-Tech (1823)
 Garrieux → Salses (< 1800)
 Garrius → Salses (< 1800)
 Hix → Bourg-Madame (1815)
 Les Horts → Serdinya (1822)
 Las Illas → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
 Ille → Ille-sur-Têt (1953)
 Laroque → Laroque-des-Albères (1953)
 Lavaill → Sorède (1822)
 Levilar → Villelongue-dels-Monts (1803)
 Llar → Canaveilles (1821)
 Marcevol → Arboussols (1822)
 Marians → Souanyas (1822)
 Maureillas → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
 Molitg → Molitg-les-Bains (1970)
 Montalba → Montalba-d'Amélie (1933) → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1963)
 Montalba → Montalba-le-Château (1933)
 Montalba-d'Amélie → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1963)
 Montesquieu → Montesquieu-des-Albères (1992)
 Nidolère → Tresserre (< 1800)
 Nyls → Ponteilla (< 1800)
 Odeillo → Odeillo-Via (1900) → Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via (1957)
 Odeillo-Via → Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via (1957)
 Opoul → Opoul-Périllos (1972)
Palalda → Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (1942)
 Palau → Palau-de-Cerdagne (1936)
 Palol → Céret (1823)
 Passa-Llauro-Tordères → Llauro, Passa and Tordères (1989)
 La Pave → Argelès (< 1800) → Argelès-sur-Mer (1840)
 La Perche → La Cabanasse (< 1800)
 Perillos → Opoul-Périllos (1972)
 Pézilla → Pézilla-de-Conflent (1933)
 Porté → Porté-Puymorens (1954)
 Prats → Prats-de-Sournia (1933)
 Prats → Prats-Saint-Thomas (< 1800) → Fontpédrouse (1822)
 Prats-de-Mollo → Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste (1956)
 Prats-Saint-Thomas → Fontpédrouse (1822)
 Prunet → Prunet-et-Belpuig (< 1800)
 Ria → Ria-Sirach-Urbanya (1973)
 Ria-Sirach-Urbanya → Ria-Sirach and Urbanya (1983)
 Riunogues → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
 Ro → Saillagouse (1822)
 Rohet → Llo (< 1800)
 Sahorle → Vinça (< 1800)
 Saillagouse-Llo → Llo and Saillagouse (1984)
 Saint-Génis → Saint-Génis-des-Fontaines (1968)
 Saint-Martin → Maureillas (1823) → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
 Saint-Paul → Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet (1953)
Saint-Thomas → Prats-Saint-Thomas (< 1800) → Fontpédrouse (1822)
 Salses → Salses-le-Château (1986)
 Selva → Las Illas (1823) → Maureillas-las-Illas (1972)
 Serrabonne → Boule-d'Amont (1822)
 Sirach → Ria (1822) → Ria-Sirach-Urbanya (1973) → Ria-Sirach (1983)
 Talau → Ayguatébia-Talau (1983)
 Taxo-d'Amont → Saint-André (< 1800)
 Taxo-d'Avall → Argelès (< 1800) → Argelès-sur-Mer (1840)
 Thuès-Dellar → Thuès-Entre-Valls (1822)
 Touren → Sahorre (1822)
 Vedrinyans → Saillagouse (1822)
 Vernet → Vernet-les-Bains (1953)
 Via → Odeillo (1822)→ Odeillo-Via (1900) → Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via (1957)
 Villefranche → Villefranche-de-Conflent (1893)
 Villeneuve-des-Escaldes → Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (1973)
 Villerach → Clara (1822)
 Villeroge → Coustouges (< 1800)
Chenpi, also called chen pi, is sun-dried tangerine peel used as a traditional seasoning in Chinese cooking and traditional medicine.  They have a bitter taste.

Herbs
Citrus
Carl Richard Woese  (July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist.

Career
Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1977. He used phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by him which is now standard practice.

He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1977, although not by that name. He was the Stanley O. Ikenberry professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Work and discoveries
After defining Archaea as a new domain, Woese redrew the taxonomic tree. His three-domain system is based upon genetic relationships. It divides life into 23 main divisions in three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Archaea are neither bacteria nor eukaryotes. Looked at another way, they are prokaryotes that are not bacteria.
The tree of life shows the diversity of microbes. Single-celled organisms represent the vast majority of the biosphere's diversity. This is surprising to some, given our familiarity with the larger metazoan world. Microbes are responsible for many biochemical cycles and are crucial to the whole biosphere. Woese's efforts to clarify the evolution and diversity of microbes was an invaluable service to ecology, conservation and evolutionary biology.

Personal life
Woese was born on July 15, 1928 in Syracuse, New York. He studied at Amherst College and at Yale University. Woese died on December 30, 2012 in his home in Urbana, Illinois from pancreatic cancer, aged 84.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Woese's homepage 

1928 births
2012 deaths
Cancer deaths in Illinois
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
American microbiologists
People from Syracuse, New York
Scientists from New York (state)
Yale University alumni
"Gone" is a 2011 R&B song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singer Kelly Rowland. It is the sequel to their 2002 song, "Dilemma". It was the third single from his sixth studio album 5.0. The song was released on January 4, 2011.  

The song reached #19 on the UK R&B Chart, #21 on the Australia Urban ARIA Charts, #55 on the Australia ARIA Charts, #58 on the UK Singles and #59 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

Nelly songs
2011 songs
Kelly Rowland songs
The Bodleian Library (founded in 1602) is the main library of the University of Oxford, and one of the oldest libraries in Europe. It is the second largest library in the United Kingdom after the British Library. It is one of six legal deposit libraries for works published in the United Kingdom and under Irish Law it is entitled to request a copy of each book published in the Republic of Ireland. It has had rights of legal deposit for books since the 17th century. 

Though members of the University may borrow some books from some dependent libraries (such as the Radcliffe Science Library), the vast majority of the material held by the Bodleian may only be read within the library buildings. Besides books, periodicals and manuscripts there are smaller collections of other types of material.
The Library occupies a group of five buildings near Broad Street in central Oxford: the oldest is the late medieval Duke Humfrey's Library. The newest is the Weston Library which opened in 2015, built from an overhaul of what the New Bodleian which dates from the 1930s. Since the 19th century a number of underground stores have been built below parts of these.

Though Duke Humfrey's Library was a library for the university from 1488 to 1560 the Bodleian itself was founded by Sir Thomas Bodley in the years 1598 to 1602. In the following centuries it greatly increased in size through collections of books donated by benefactors and through books received through legal deposit.

Many notable scholars have been heads of the library (known as Bodley's Librarians): the present Bodley's Librarian is Richard Ovenden.

References

Libraries in the United Kingdom
1602 establishments
1600s establishments in Europe
17th-century establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Oxford
University of Oxford
Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper, Nelly. The album was released on June 27, 2000. The album was made a mainstream success and sold over 235,000 copies on its number one week.

Track listing

Reception
The album peaked at #1 on the Billboard 200 and peaked at #1 on the U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

References

2000 albums
Nelly albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Saltash is a town in south east Cornwall, United Kingdom. It has a population of 14,964. It is separated from the city of Plymouth in Devon by the River Tamar. Saltash is the largest town within the East Cornwall area. 

One of the landmarks of Saltash is the Royal Albert Bridge, 1859, which carries the railway line across the River Tamar. Alongside it is the Tamar Bridge, a toll bridge carrying the A38 trunk road. Saltash railway station is close to the town centre. The station is served by a regular train service, with some direct High Speed services to and from London Paddington.

References

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Nellyville is the second studio album by American rapper Nelly. The album was released on June 25, 2002. The album first debuted at number 1 on the Billboard charts and also sold more than 714,000 records in its first week of release.

Track listing

Reception
The album peaked at number one on the Billboard 200, number 2 on the German Albums Chart and UK Albums Charts, and number 6 on the Finnish Albums Chart.

References

2002 albums
Nelly albums
Hip hop albums
G-funk albums
R&B albums
Sweat is the third studio album by American rapper Nelly. The album was released on September 14, 2004. The album first debuted at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and also sold more than 342,000 records in its first week of release. It also peaked at number 2 on the Canadian Albums Chart, U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and U.S. Billboard Top Rap Albums charts, 11 on the UK Albums Chart and 17 on the German Albums Chart. The singles were "Flap Your Wings," "Na-Nana-Na" and "Tilt Ya Head Back."

Track listing

References

2004 albums
Nelly albums
Hip hop albums
Funk albums
R&B albums
Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot is a 1992 American action-comedy movie that was produced by Ivan Reitman, Joe Medjuck and Michael C. Gross and was directed by Roger Spottiswoode. The movie was released on February 21, 1992 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 4% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Roger Ebert gave the movie half a star out of five stating that "There isn't a laugh in this movie. Not a single one". The movie won a three Golden Raspberry Awards for Stallone as Worst Actor, Getty as Worst Supporting Actress and the movie earning Worst Screenplay.

Cast 
 Sylvester Stallone as Sgt. Joseph Andrew 'Joe' Bomowski
 Estelle Getty as Mrs. Tutti Bomowski
 JoBeth Williams as Lt. Gwen Harper
 John Wesley as Sgt. Tony
 Ving Rhames as Mr. Stereo
 Al Fann as Sgt. Lou
 Roger Rees as J. Parnell
 Martin Ferrero as Paulie
 Gailard Sartain as Munroe
 Dennis Burkley as Mitchell

Other websites
Other websites 

 

1992 action movies
1992 comedy movies
American action comedy movies
Movies directed by Roger Spottiswoode
Movies composed by Alan Silvestri
Movies set in California
Universal Pictures movies
Freddy Got Fingered is a 2001 American comedy movie produced by Larry Brezner, Howard Lapides and Lauren Lloyd. It was directed by Tom Green.

The movie is about a 28-year-old man who lives in his parents' basement in Portland, Oregon. He drives to Los Angeles and attempts to become an animator.
Cast 
 Tom Green as Gordon "Gord" Brody
 Rip Torn as James "Jim" Brody
 Marisa Coughlan as Betty
 Eddie Kaye Thomas as Frederick "Freddy" Brody
 Harland Williams as Darren
 Anthony Michael Hall as Dave Davidson
 Julie Hagerty as Julie Brody
 Drew Barrymore as Davidson's receptionist
 Shaquille O'Neal as Shaquille

References

Other websites 

2001 comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
2000s black comedy movies
American black comedy movies
Cult movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Oregon
Movies set in Pakistan
Portland, Oregon
The Adventures of Pluto Nash is an 1997 American science fiction action comedy movie. It was produced by Martin Bregman, Michael Scott Bregman and Louis A. Stroller and was directed by Ron Underwood. The movie was released on April 18, 1997 in North America. The movie received very negative reviews with a 6% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 12 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie was a huge box office bomb, the movie grossed around $7.1 million and the budget for the movie was $100 million. The movie was nominated for 5 Golden Raspberry Awards.

Cast 
 Alec Baldwin as Pluto Nash/Rex Crater
 Randy Quaid as Bruno
 Rosario Dawson as Dina Lake
 Joe Pantoliano as Mogan
 Jay Mohr as Tony Francis
 Luis Guzmán as Felix Laranga
 James Rebhorn as Belcher
 Peter Boyle as Rowland
 Pam Grier as Flura Nash
 John Cleese as James
 Burt Young as Gino
 Miguel A. Núñez, Jr. as Miguel
 Illeana Douglas as Dr. Mona Zimmer
 Richard Raybourne as Bartender Phil
 Kelsey Grammer as Michael Zoroaster Marucci (MZM) (uncredited)
Other websites 

1997 comedy movies
1997 action movies
American action movies
American comedy movies
American science fiction movies
Comedy science fiction movies
English-language movies
FBI in fiction
Movies set in the future
Movies directed by Ron Underwood
Camborne is a town in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is at the western edge of a conurbation consisting of Camborne, Pool and Redruth.

The population of Camborne was 20,010 at the 2001 census. The population of the whole conurbation was 39,937, making it the largest conurbation in Cornwall.

It is no longer an industrial town but the Camborne and Redruth district was formerly one of the richest tin mining areas in the world. The Camborne School of Mines was founded here in the 19th century to train engineers to work in the tin mines and is still in the town. Two of the famous mines of Camborne were Dolcoath, the 'Queen of Cornish Mines' (closed 1921), once the deepest mine in the world, and South Crofty, the last working tin mine in Europe, which closed in 1998.
On Christmas Eve 1801, the Puffing Devil, a steam-powered road vehicle built by Camborne engineer Richard Trevithick, moved up Camborne Hill. It was the world's first self-propelled passenger carrying vehicle. The events have been turned into a local song:

Going up Camborne Hill, coming down,
Going up Camborne Hill, coming down,
The horses stood still,
The wheels turn around,
Going up Camborne Hill, coming down.

References

Towns in Cornwall
Mining
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Michael Todd (June 22, 1909 – March 22, 1958), also known as Mike Todd, was an American theatre and movie producer. He is known for making movies, starting the movie formats of Cinerama and Todd-AO, and his 1957 marriage to actress Elizabeth Taylor (1930-2011). Todd's 1956 production of Around the World in Eighty Days won an Academy Award for Best Picture. Todd is also well known as the third of Elizabeth Taylor's seven husbands.

Personal life
Todd was born Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Chaim Goldbogen (an Orthodox rabbi) and Sophia Hellerman, both Polish Jewish immigrants. He was one of nine children in a poor family, the youngest son, and his siblings nicknamed him "Toat" to mimic his difficulty saying the word "coat". It was from this nickname that his name "Todd" was derived (said in Germanic/Yiddish as "Tote").
The family later moved to Chicago, arriving on the day World War I ended.  Todd was expelled in the sixth grade for running a game of craps inside the school. In high school, he produced the school play, The Mikado, which was considered a hit.  He eventually dropped out of high school and worked at a variety of jobs, including shoe salesman and store window decorator. One of his first jobs was as a soda jerk at a drugstore.  When that drugstore went out of business, Todd had learned enough medical knowledge from his work there to be hired at Chicago's Michael Reese Hospital, as a type of "security guard" to stop visitors from bringing in food that was not on each patient's diet.
At age 17, Todd married Bertha Freshman in Crown Point, Indiana, on Valentine's Day 1927. He had been serious about Bertha since age 14, but needed to develop confidence before even asking her out. In 1929, she bore him a son, Michael Todd, Jr. A turning point came for Todd when his father died in 1931; Avrom Goldbogen made the decision to change his name to "Michael Todd" on the same day. Bertha Todd died of a pneumothorax (collapsed lung) in 1946 in Santa Monica, California, while undergoing surgery at St. John's Hospital, for a damaged tendon in her finger. Todd and his wife were separated at the time of her death; less than a week before, he had filed for divorce. The following year, Todd married actress Joan Blondell on July 5, 1947. They were divorced on June 8, 1950, after she alleged that he had abused and extorted her. Todd's third marriage was to the actress Elizabeth Taylor, with whom he had a tempestuous relationship. The couple exchanged vows on February 2, 1957
. Todd was 47 and Taylor was 24; he was her third husband. Todd and Taylor had a daughter, Elizabeth Frances (Liza) Todd, who was born on August 7, 1957.
On 22 March 1958, Todd's private plane Lucky Liz crashed near Grants, New Mexico. The plane, a twin-engine Lockheed Lodestar, suffered an engine failure while being flown overloaded in icing conditions. The plane was flying at an altitude which was too high to sustain flight with only one working engine under those conditions. The plane went out of control and crashed, killing all 4 people on board. In addition to Todd, those who died in the crash were screenwriter and author Art Cohn, who was writing Todd's biography The Nine Lives of Mike Todd; pilot Bill Verner; and co-pilot Tom Barclay. Taylor wanted to fly to New York with her husband, but stayed home with a cold after her pleas to come along were overruled by Todd. Just hours before the crash, Todd described the plane as safe as he phoned friends, including Joseph Mankiewicz and Kirk Douglas, in an attempt to recruit a gin rummy player for the flight: "Ah, c'mon," he said. "It's a good, safe plane. I wouldn't let it crash
. I'm taking along a picture of Elizabeth, and I wouldn't let anything happen to her."
His son, Mike Jr., wanted his father's body to be cremated after it was identified through dental records and brought to Albuquerque, New Mexico, but Taylor refused, saying he would not want cremation. Todd was buried in Forest Park, Illinois, at Beth Aaron Cemetery in plot 66, which is part of Jewish Waldheim there. In his autobiography, Eddie Fisher, who considered himself to be Todd's best friend, stated:

The remains were desecrated by thieves, who broke into Todd's coffin looking for a $100,000 diamond ring, which, according to rumor, Taylor had placed on her husband's finger prior to his burial.  The bag containing Todd's remains was found under a tree near his burial plot; the bag and coffin had been sealed in Albuquerque after Todd's remains were identified following the 1958 crash. Todd's remains were once more identified through dental records and were reburied in a secret location.
Work
Todd began his career in the construction business, where he made a fortune but later lost it. He opened the so-called College of Bricklaying of America, buying the materials to teach bricklaying on credit. The school was forced to shut its doors when the Bricklayers' Union did not view the college as an accepted place of study.  Todd and his brother, Frank, next opened their own construction company.  Their company was worth over a million dollars but came to an abrupt halt when its financial backing failed in the wake of the Great Depression. Not yet twenty-one, Todd had lost over a million dollars with the loss of his backer.  He was now the father of an infant son and had no home for his family.
He later served as a contractor to Hollywood studios, and during the 1933-1934  Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago, he produced an attraction called the "Flame Dance." In this number, gas jets were designed to burn part of a dancer's costume off, leaving her naked in appearance. The act attracted enough attention to bring an offer from the Casino de Paris club in New York City. Todd got his first taste of Broadway life with that engagement and was determined to find a way to work there. He came up with the idea of producing the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Mikado with an all-African-American cast. The Hot Mikado, starring Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, opened on Broadway March 23, 1939. His Broadway success gave him the nerve to try taking on showman Billy Rose.  Todd visited Grover Whalen, president of the 1939 New York World's Fair, with a proposal to bring the Broadway show to the World's Fair. Whelan, eager to have the show at the fair, covered Todd's Broadway early closing costs
.  Rose, who had an exclusivity clause in his fair contract, met Todd at Lindy's, where Rose learned his contract covered new forms of entertainment only.  Todd's Mikado dated back to 1885. To avoid any head-to head competition, Rose quickly agreed to promote Todd's production along with his own. Todd went on to produce 30 Broadway shows during his career.
Todd's business career was volatile, and failed ventures left him bankrupt many times.

In 1945, Todd suggested the idea of holding the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in newly-liberated Berlin (Germany). Although baseball's new commissioner Happy Chandler was reportedly "intrigued" by the idea, it was ultimately dismissed as impractical. The game was finally cancelled due to wartime travel restrictions.

In 1952, Todd made a production of the Johann Strauss II operetta, A Night In Venice, complete with floating gondolas at the then-newly constructed Jones Beach Theatre in Long Island, New York. It ran for two seasons.
In 1950, Mike Todd formed The Cinerama Company with the broadcaster Lowell Thomas (who founded Capital Cities Communications) and the inventor Fred Waller. The company was created to exploit Cinerama, a movie process created by Waller that used three movie projectors to create a giant composite image on a curved screen. The first Cinerama feature, This is Cinerama, was released in September 1952.
Before its release, Todd left the Cinerama Company to develop a widescreen process which would eliminate some of Cinerama's flaws. The result was the Todd-AO process, designed by the American Optical Company. The process was first used commercially for the successful 1955 movie adaptation of Oklahoma! (starring Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones). Todd later produced the movie for which he is best remembered, Michael Todd's Around the World in 80 Days, which debuted in cinemas on October 17, 1956. Costing $6 million to produce, the movie earned $16 million at the box office. In 1957, Around the World in 80 Days won the Best Picture Academy Award.

A William Woolfolk novel from the early 1960s, entitled My Name Is Morgan, was considered to be loosely based on Todd's life and career.
Selected Broadway productions
Call Me Ziggy (Play, Farce, 1937)
The Hot Mikado (Musical, Operetta, 1939)
Something for the Boys (Musical, Comedy, 1943)
Mexican Hayride  (Musical, Comedy,1944)
Up in Central Park  (Musical, Comedy, 1945)
As the Girls Go  (Musical, Comedy, 1948)

Footnotes

Sources
Dictionary of First Names, 
City of Light : The Story of Fiber Optics, 
 Cohn, Art. The Nine Lives of Mike Todd. Hutchinson of London, 1959.
 Walker, Alexander. Elizabeth: The Life of Elizabeth Taylor. Grove Press, 2001.

Other websites 

Mike Todd's "A Night in Venice" on Amazon.com
Mike Todd - Accident Report Aviation Safety - March 22, 1958 

|-
!colspan="3" style="background:#C1D8FF;"| Husband of Elizabeth Taylor

1907 births
1958 deaths
American Jews
Aviation deaths in the United States
Movie producers from Chicago
Businesspeople from Minneapolis
Looe is a small coastal town and fishing port in southeast Cornwall, United Kingdom. As of the 2001 census, 5,280 people lived there. Looe is divided into two parts by the River Looe, East Looe and West Looe being connected by a bridge. The town is about 20 miles (32 km) west of the city of Plymouth and seven miles (11 km) south of Liskeard.

The town is around a small harbour and along the steep-sided valley of the River Looe which flows south to the English Channel beside a sandy beach. Off shore to the west is the picturesque Looe Island.

Looe has a railway station at the end of the branch railway line from Liskeard.

References

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Lostwithiel is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom, at the head of the estuary of the River Fowey. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,739. The town is in the Fowey river valley, between the A390 road from Tavistock to Truro and the upper tidal reaches of the river.

Lostwithiel railway station is on the Cornish Main Line from Plymouth to Penzance. It is at the south of the town, just across the medieval bridge which was built in the early 14th century. A branch line takes china clay trains to Fowey.

Lostwithiel's most notable buildings are St Bartholomew's Church and Restormel Castle.

References

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Penryn is a small town in south Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is on the Penryn River about one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Falmouth. The population was 7,166 in the 2001 census.

Penryn was in the Middle Ages an important port but underwent a severe decline after Falmouth had been established in the 17th century. Today it is a busy town and has managed to retain a much of its heritage; a large proportion of its buildings date back to Tudor, Jacobean and Georgian times, the town is an important conservation area, and has more listed buildings than any other town in Cornwall.

References

Towns in Cornwall
St Agnes is a large village on the north coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom, and a popular tourist destination. St Agnes is about five miles (8 km) north of Redruth and ten miles (16 km) southwest of Newquay.

St Agnes and the surrounding area were once reliant on the industries of fishing, farming and mining for copper and tin. Mining came to an end in the 1920s and many of these mines are still on view for any tourists.

The coastal area is part of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and St Agnes Beacon is a local landmark.

References

Villages in Cornwall
Lillix (formerly Tigerlily) was a Canadian pop rock band from Cranbrook, British Columbia. Lillex has five members in the band; the current band members are Tasha-Ray Evin, Lacey-Lee Evin, Eric Hoodicoff, Cameron Brass and Alex Varon. They released their third studio album, Tigerlily on August 24, 2010.

Band members 
Current
Tasha-Ray Evin
Lacey-Lee Evin
Eric Hoodicoff
Cameron Brass
Alex Varon

Former
Louise Burns
Ashley Grobell
Sierra Hills
Kim Urhahn
Alicia Warrington
Scott Thompson
Britt Black

Discography

Albums
Falling Uphill (2003)
Inside the Hollow (2006)
Tigerlily (2010)

Singles
It's About Time (2001)
What I Like About You (2002)
Tomorrow (2003)
Sweet Temptation (Hollow) (2006)
Nowhere to Run (2010)
Dreamland (2010)

Other websites 
Lillix Official website 

1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian rock bands
Natalia Noemi Cappuccini (born 15 August 1986) is an English R&B singer-songwriter, and actress who is better known by her stage name, Natalia Kills. She was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire to a Uruguayan mother and Jamaican father. She released her debut album Perfectionist on 1 April 2011 which features the singles, "Mirrors", "Wonderland" and "Free". She will be helping Ke$ha on her UK tour along with LMFAO.

Discography

Albums
 2011: Perfectionist
 2013: Trouble

Singles
 2005: "Don't Play Nice"
 2010: "Mirrors
 2011: "Wonderland"
 2011: "Free"
 2012: "Kill My Boyfriend"
 2013: "Problem"
 2013: "Saturday Night"

References

Other websites
 Official website
1986 births
Living people
Actors from Bradford
Black British actors
Black British musicians
British radio actors
British television directors
British television producers
British television writers
English pop singers
English singer-songwriters
English television actors
Musicians from Bradford
English models
Child actors
English composers
English guitarists
English movie actors
English musicians
The cloaca is a common rear opening in land vertebrates. Through this opening, the animals expel urine and faeces, and carry out reproduction.

The cloaca is a primitive or 'basal' feature of tetrapods. All amphibia, all sauropsids (reptiles and birds) and even monotreme mammals have a cloaca. 

A different method is used by therian mammals, such as marsupials and placentals. They have an anus for defecation, and another opening for urine and sexual reproduction.

Tetrapods
Digestive system
Reproductive system
Animal anatomy
The Whitehurst & Son Sundial was produced in Derby in 1812 by the nephew of John Whitehurst. It is now in the Derby Museum and Art Gallery. This is a precise sundial which tells not only local apparent time but also local mean time using a scale on it. It is accurate to the nearest minute.

Manufacturer
The Whitehurst family was known in Derby as skillful mechanics. John Whitehurst (1713–1788) was born in Congleton, but came to Derby where he became a watch and clock maker. He moved to London to assume the post of Inspector of Weights. His nephew continued the business under the name of Whitehurst & Son. The family business was known for their turret clocks.
To construct a sundial, one must understand the geometry of the solar system, and particularly how the sun will cast a shadow onto a flat surface, in this case a horizontal surface. Each day over a yearly cycle the shadow will be different from the day before, and the shadow is specific to the location of the dial, particularly its latitude. The dial is designed to tell local apparent time so the longitude is not important. In this case, noon will be at the point when the sun is highest in sky and due south, and standard time would be when the sun was due south at another point such as the Royal Observatory at Greenwich. Derby is at 1° 28′ 46.2″ West of Greenwich,  so the sun is approximately 5 mins and 52.05 s later in reaching noon. And also when telling the time, we must consider the equation of time. That is to say, as the earth moves around the sun in a slight ellipse, day length slightly varies everyday. For example, the difference from the average becomes up to 16 minutes in November and February
. This equation of time had been really unknown for a long time until people started comparing sundials with mechanical clocks. If a clock ignores this difference, it measures average time. If a clock is re balanced each day to make them correspond with the natural cycle, it measures local mean time. A fixed noon and fixed day are essential for railways timetabling, so Greenwich Mean Time was adopted. In the case of Midland Railway, it was by January 1848.
This particular bronze sundial is marked "Whitehurst and Son/Derby/1812" and is thought to have been made for George Benson Strutt (who was the younger brother of the cotton spinner William Strutt), for his home Bridge Hill House, in Belper. This has the precise location of 53° 1′ 49.08″ north, and 1° 29′ 26.88″ West of Greenwich, which is slightly different from those of Derby, at 52° 55′ 00″ north, a difference of 6′ 49″. The Longitude is almost same, and gives only a 2 second time difference.

The Gnomon
The Gnomon

The dial is stoutly made and has one thick style (gnomon, a stick which casts shadow on the plate). The dial plate is not one complete circle but two semicircles separated by the thickness of the style. In this design of sundial, the angle of the style to the dial plate is exactly the same as latitude, which is 53° 1′ 49″ (the latitude of the Bridge Hill House). 
The dial plate will be perfectly horizontal there. In case it is placed at different location, slight adjustment for latitude is required by slanting the dial plate. As the dial is now 0° 6′ 49″, or about 1/10th of a degree south- the nose of the gnomon needs to be raised by that amount.
The dial plate
In the horizontal sundial (also called a garden sundial), the plane that receives the shadow is aligned horizontally. (In the equatorial dial, the style stands vertically against the plate.) Hence, the line of shadow does not rotate uniformly on the dial face. Consequently, the hour lines are spaced according to a calculation.
The dial plate is strictly engraved with hour lines which were calculated using the formula:

where λ is the sundial's geographical latitude (and the angle the style makes with horizontal), θ is the angle between a given hour-line and the noon hour-line (which always points towards true North) on the plane, and t is the number of hours before or after noon.

The Maths
For each of the hours 1 to 6, the formula is calculated. For instance at 3 hours after noon, we substitute the numbers 53.03 and 3 into the formula

This generates these results
{| border=1
|+ A dial for Belper 53.03 
|-
|One hour||	11.791779
|-
|Two hours ||	24.219060
|-
|Three hours||	37.922412
|-
|Four hours||	53.460042
|-
|Five hours||	71.020970
|-
|Six hours||	90.000000
|}
The hours before noon are exactly the same, because the dial is symmetrical, so the other lines are mirror images of those above.
In the same manner, the half hours and the minute lines would be calculated. As noon is set exactly on the north-south line, and not 5' and 54" (time difference between Belper and Greenwich) to one side, we can tell that this dial is telling Belper time and not Greenwich time.

Equation of Time