Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
() is a one-act play by Molière. It was first performed November 18, 1659 at the Théâtre du Petit-Bourbon. It is a satire about the elegant, witty women of Molière's day.

Plays by Molière
1650s works
The Doctor in Spite of Himself is a play by Molière. It was first performed in 1666. It is about a drunkard who pretends to be a doctor.

Plays by Molière
1660s plays
The School for Wives () is a play by Molière. It was first performed in December 1662 at the Palais Royal theatre.

Other websites
 School for Wives: History and Analysis of the Play

Plays by Molière
1660s plays
The Learned Ladies () is a five-act play by Molière. It was first performed on March 11, 1672 at Théâtre du Palais-Royal. It is a satire written in verse about women's education.

Other websites

"Les Femmes Savantes" Original French Text
"The Learned Women" English translation on Project Gutenberg

Plays by Molière
1670s plays
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme is a comedy ballet by Molière. It was first performed in 1670. It is about a middle class man who aspires to be a member of the upper class. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully.

Plays by Molière
1670s plays
Monsieur de Pourceaugnac is a play by Molière. It was first performed 1669. It is a comedy-ballet. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully. 

Plays by Molière
1660s plays
Extra-sensory perception (ESP) is being able to know things without using the recognized physical senses. 

The study of extra-sensory perception is part of parapsychology. Almost all scientists think of it as pseudoscience.

Related pages
Telepathy

References

Other websites

 
 Extrasensory Perception at Video HQ

Occult
Pseudoscience
The history of science is the study of the historical development of science and scientific knowledge. The English word scientist is relatively recent  first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves "natural philosophers".

Science is a body of knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who observe, explain, and predict real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods. 

Facts about the natural world have been described since classical antiquity. Ancient Greece is perhaps most famous for its contributions to astronomy and mathematics. Aristarchus of Samos came up with the idea of the Sun at the centre of what we now call the Solar system many centuries before Galileo.
Others, like Thales and Aristotle were interested in the natural world.
Scientific methods have been used since the Middle Ages (Roger Bacon), but the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Important figures in the development of modern science include Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Robert Boyle, Charles Darwin, Wilhelm Roux and Albert Einstein.

Scientific methods are so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The natural sciences are these:
Astronomy
Physics
Chemistry
Geology
Biology
Botany and Zoology
Cell biology
Genetics and evolution

There are various applied sciences which depend on one of more of the natural sciences. Medicine is an example.

Related pages
Innovation
Scientific method
History of astronomy
History of mathematics
Medical Renaissance
Four Great Inventions
The Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star is a US military jet aircraft. It was used as a training aircraft. It was designed and built by adding a second seat to the P-80 Shooting Star. It was used by many countries in the world and built under licence in Canada and Japan. The last one retired in 2017. More than a hundred are on display in museums around the world.

United States Air Force aircraft
T-33
À ma sœur! (English title For My Sister and Fat Girl) is a melodramatic-erotic 2001 French-Italian movie. The subjects in this movie are sex, obesity and relations. The movie was not rated by the MPAA. It has explicit sexual content and violent material.

2001 romantic drama movies
French movies
Italian movies
Erotic movies
Movies about obesity
Oras Oy is a Finnish manufacturer of bathroom and kitchen faucets. It is in Rauma. It was established in 1945. In 2012, there were 920 workers.

Oras is the fourth-largest manufacturer of faucets in Europe. It makes 30–80% of the faucets in Finland.

References

Other websites 
Company's homepage 

Companies of Finland
1945 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Finland
Bath is a city in the U.S. state of Maine. It is close to Portland. At the 2010 census, 8,514 people lived in Bath. Bath was incorporated as a town in February 1781. It became a city in 1847.

Cities in Maine
County seats in Maine
1780s establishments in the United States
18th-century establishments in Maine
1781 establishments in North America
Social isolation is having little or no contact with society. It often comes from being rejected by society. It is different to loneliness, which comes from a temporary lack of contact. Social isolation is different because it lasts a long time and is done on purpose. Social isolation sometimes begins early in life. It is often caused from being unemployed, sick or discriminated. Anybody of any age can be affected.

Social isolation can mean staying home alone for a long time. Not seeing or speaking with anybody, even on the phone - this includes not answering if the call or try to talk first. Social isolation can also mean not having relationships, friendships or family connections that last a long time.

Causes 
The reasons for social isolation can begin at any stage in life, including early childhood. Growing up brings many emotions that are hard to deal with, this can cause people to stop sharing all of their feelings, which makes them feel alone from a young age.
Older people are more likely to be affected by social isolation. This can be because with old age health of both the mind and the body get worse, making it harder to be in contact with society; old people are also more likely to not have a lot of money which can cause problems. Also, death of loved ones comes with old age, this doesn’t only make their social circle smaller, but also makes it more difficult for them to socialise again, as it can be emotionally painful.

Some data shows that Gay, Lesbian and Transgender people are more likely to be socially isolated because they are less likely to have children and start their own family and because they might no longer be accepted by their relatives and friends because of homophobia.
Social isolation in people might have gone up because more and more people are starting to live alone, as it is becoming normal in the modern world after the middle of the 20th century. However, it is important to not confuse living alone and feeling lonely as social isolation – they can just be causes.

There are many more reasons for people to stop contact with society:
Abuse – people being abused might not be allowed to socialise with others, as punishment or to stop them from telling others about the abuse. 
 Health problems – people might have health problems that make it impossible or difficult for them to socialise such as being in a wheelchair or having serious illnesses. They might find it difficult to leave their house, it might be impossible, or they might be too weak and this stops them from socialising. This is common in people with autism, because they can often find social situations too much to handle, because they sometimes do not understand social signs. They sometimes act in ways that other people do not understand and even put themselves in danger on accident. So, sometimes it is safer for people to stay at home and not socialise. People might also be too shy to socialise because of their health problems.
 Hearing loss – this makes it hard to talk and listen to others. Loss of hearing can also cause shyness and stop people from even trying to socialise.
Life changes – changes such as finishing school of leaving a job quickly takes away big groups of people. Sometimes work and school are the only places people socialise, so quick changes like that can cause total loss of contact with society.
Effects 
Social isolation can affect people of all ages, but signs are different for different ages. If social isolation lasts for long periods of time, similar a serious illness, it can cause many bad effects such as loneliness, low self confidence and fear of other people. It can be both an effect and also a cause for illnesses of the mind such as depression and anxiety.

People’s personal lives are affected too – relationships with loved ones may fall apart, this can lead to feelings of guilt and shame. Those feelings can lead to serious illnesses such as depression. When people realise that they are socially isolated, sometimes they have feelings of extreme nervousness, which may make them isolate even more.
Dangers 
A study from 2013 found that social isolation can cause death just as much as “smoking, obesity, elevated blood pressure, and high cholesterol” because social isolation badly affects health. Social isolation can cause stress, unhealthy eating and lower people's wishes to take care of themselves; in extreme cases these things can lead to death.

Social isolation has also been shown to physically change the brain. Studies have shown that it changes the part of the brain for learning and memory. Social isolation also changes the brain’s ability to produce different chemicals that impact mood, it makes it difficult for the brain to produce chemicals that make people happy - Dopamine.
Social isolation and the internet 
Scientists do not agree on if the internet changes how social isolation can affect us, there is a high level of disagreement because this is a new topic to research. However, studies have found that internet use did not have a bad effect on people’s social circles, in fact, using the internet made people’s social circles bigger and friendships closer, making social isolation less likely. Talking using the internet makes communication easier by removing barriers such as not being able to walk outside because of an illness, because of this it can lead to lower levels of social isolation.

References

Related pages 
Alienation
Solitude

Social sciences
Psychology
A runaway is a child or minor who has left their parents or legal guardians without permission. A person who runs away usually does so because of problems in the family.  Girls run away more often than boys. 

It looks like the following makes children run away most often: 

 Parents do not care much about their children
 There is physical or sexual abuse in the family
 At least one parent is addicted to drugs, or alcohol
 There is violence in the famlily.

In 9 out of 10 cases (89%), other children give a child the idea to run away. 

When the runaway children were asked, half of them said, that at least one parent had a problem with alcohol; a third said, at least one parent was addicted to drugs.
Problems after running away
Running away will cause problems for the child: About half of the children that run away will no longer go to school. These children also have a higher risk of becoming criminals, or victims. Most will become homeless. They have a high risk of becoming addicted to drugs, of catching sexually transmitted infections, of having an unwanted pregnancy, of suffering from depression, of trying to commit suicide, and of being exposed to sexual exploitation. Post-traumatic stress disorder is more common in runaway youth than normative youths. Trauma generally begins with runaway youth's experiences within the family and is increased by prolonged traumatic events. The likelihood of depression among female runaways is related to family conflict and communication. Depression in male runaways is typically related to the father being an alcoholic and poor family relationships. Negative interactions in relationships within the family appear to greatly influence depressive symptoms for both genders.
References

Family
Human behavior
Street children

Other webistes 

 National Runaway Switchboard for young people in the United States and U.S. Territories
 The Runaway Helpline for young people in the United Kingdom
 Family and Youth Services Bureau
 National Clearinghouse on Families & Youth
Warsaw Metro is a metro system in Poland.

Its first line was opened in 1995, with another section being added in 2008. It has 21 stations. The next two stations are being planned. 

In 2015, a second line was opened. There are 27 stations in the second line.

Rail transport in Europe
Warsaw
Rapid transit systems
Water pollution is the pollution of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, seas, the oceans, as well as groundwater. It occurs when pollutants reach these bodies of water, without treatment. Waste from homes, factories and other buildings get into the water bodies and as a result water gets polluted.

Water pollution is a problem for the species and ecosystems there. It affects plants and organisms living in the water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the wider biological communities. The color is usually green or brown but normal water can be blue.

Agriculture is one of the major sources of water pollution. The fertilizers given to the crops for better growth are washed into rivers and lakes, which in turn pollutes the water.
There are many chemicals that are naturally found in these bodies of water. Today water may be polluted by nitrates, phosphates, oil, acid rain, and debris such as sediment, fallen logs and so on. When people and animals drink water from such rivers, the poisonous chemicals may affect them. Life in rivers is also affected, and  humans who consume fish may also have health problems.

Related pages 
Ocean pollution

References 

Water pollution
The Treaty of Ghent was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It was signed on 24 December 1814 in the Flemish city of Ghent. The treaty restored the borders of the two countries to the line before the beginning of the war.

The treaty was ratified by Parliament on 30 December 1814. It was signed into law by the Prince Regent (the future King George IV).  An American army under Andrew Jackson scored a major victory at the Battle of New Orleans in early January 1815. The Treaty was not in effect until it was ratified by the U.S. Senate (unanimously) in February 1815.

References 

Ghent
1810s in the United Kingdom
1810s in the United States
1814
Ghent
War of 1812
Heated shot is the heating of round shot before firing from muzzle-loading cannons.  The purpose is for setting fire to enemy warships, buildings, or equipment. 

The use of hot shot dates back centuries.  It was stopped when vessels armored with iron replaced wooden warships in the world's navies. It was a powerful weapon against wooden warships, where fire was always a hazard. It was mainly used on shore batteries and forts, due to the need for a special furnace to heat the shot.  

The use of heated shot from a ship was so dangerous, that it was against Royal Navy regulations. The American ship USS Constitution had a shot furnace installed, for hot shot to be fired.

References 

Ballistics
Earl Simmons (December 18, 1970 – April 9, 2021), better known by his stage name DMX (short for Dark Man X), was an American rapper and actor. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was best known songs like "Ruff Ryders' Anthem", "Party Up (Up in Here)", "Where the Hood At?" and "X Gon' Give It to Ya". He was also the founder and owner of Bloodline Records. He is one of the best-selling hip hop artists ever. He has released seven albums: Unleashed and Unreleased, It's Dark and Hell Is Hot, Flesh of my Flesh, Blood of my Blood, And Then There Was X, The Grand Champ, The Great Depression, Year of the Dog...Again and his recent one Undisputed.

As an actor, DMX starred in movies such as Belly, Romeo Must Die, Exit Wounds, Cradle 2 the Grave, and Last Hour. In 2006, he starred in the BET reality television series DMX: Soul of a Man.
On April 3, 2021, it was reported that Simmons had suffered a heart attack following a drug overdose and was being treated in the hospital in White Plains, New York. He was placed under life-support. He died six days later on April 9, aged 50.On April 24, a life celebration was held in his honor, that was shown via a YouTube livestream. During the celebration, a monster truck that contained his casket drove through where the mourners were standing.

References

Notes

Other websites

 

1970 births
2021 deaths
Actors from New York (state)
African American actors
African-American rappers
Rappers from New York (state)
People from Yonkers, New York
People from Mount Vernon, New York
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Drug-related deaths in the United States
Gangsta rappers
Hardcore hip hop artists
Horrorcore artists
The Baliung River is a river in Indonesia. It is in the south of Java.

References

Geography of Indonesia
Rivers of Asia
Al-Shabaab is an Islamist militant group based in Somalia. It seeks to eliminate Sufism from Somalia and has opposed various Sufi groups. It was recognised as a cell of al-Qaeda in 2012. The official name of the group is Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (). It is now an affiliate of ISIL. Its name is Arabic for the Youth.
 
Some people who were in the Islamic Courts Union formed al-Shabaab in 2006 or 2007. Wahhabi ideas inflenced al-Shabaab. Al-Shabaab wants to create an Islamic state at the Horn of Africa, and to take part in a golbal djihad.

Al-Shabaab controls parts of southern Somalia. In the area it controls, there is a strict form of Sharia law. The group has claimed responsibility for various terrorist attacks including the Westgate shopping mall attack in 2013, Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack early 2019 in Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya and the Garissa University attack which killed 142 people in April 2015.

References
Patience (or forbearance) is the ability to go through difficult times without getting mad. Patience may involve focus and without any emotional response relating to disrespect/anger. 

In psychology, patience is studied as a decision-making problem, involving the choice of either a small reward in the short-term, versus a more valuable reward in the long-term.

References

Emotions
Fan death (Korean: 선풍기 사망설) is a widely-held belief in Korea that leaving an electric fan on overnight will kill a person. However, no people are known to have been killed by this.

Supposed cause of death
The supposed cause of death is often said to be carbon monoxide poisoning, although this is impossible because an electric motor does not create carbon monoxide. Another supposed cause is asphyxiation, which is also impossible because a fan does not remove any air from a room. Hypothermia is also said to be the cause, although it too is impossible because a fan does not lower the temperature of the body enough to cause hypothermia.

References

Other websites
 Fan Death as Popular Culture (t-shirt)

Superstitions
Death
The Copenhagen Zoo is a zoo in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built by Niels Kjærbølling in 1859. It is one of the oldest zoos in Europe. 1,161,388 people visited the zoo in 2008. It is the most visited zoo in the world, and the fourth most visited place in Denmark. Its Elephant House was built by Norman Foster.

The zoo's observation tower is 43.5 metres (142.7 ft) high. It was built in 1905. It is one of the tallest wooden observation towers in the world. It has a look similar to the Eiffel Tower.

It is the only zoo outside of Australia to have the Tasmanian devil. It also has the  Amur leopard, okapi and muskox.

A healthy young male giraffe, Marius, was killed on 9 February 2014 on the recommendation of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria so that they can save the population of them at the zoo.

References

Other websites

1859 establishments in Europe
Zoos
Zoo
19th-century establishments in Denmark
Organizations based in Denmark
Runaway can mean several things:

 Runaway (dependent), a child who has left home without permission
 Fugitive, a person who is fleeing from prison
 Bolting (horse), a horse running away without control
 Runaways (comics), a comic book series by Marvel Comics that began in 2003
 Runaway (movie), a science-fiction action movie from 1984
The Civil Registry and Identification Service () is an institution for public service in Chile. It registers people's civil statuses and other issues which, by law, it has to register.

References 
 Departamento de Estudios Financieros del Ministerio de Hacienda. 1958. Manual de Organización del Gobierno de Chile. Santiago de Chile. Talleres Gráficos La Nación S.A.

Other websites
 Official website 

Government of Chile
Public services
Thomas Merton (January 31, 1915 – December 10, 1968) was an American writer and Catholic Trappist monk. He was based in Kentucky. He is known for his books on spirituality and quiet pacifism. He was a member of the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani.

Other websites
Merton center

Christian monks
1915 births
1968 deaths
Writers from New York City
Rauma is a city in Finland on the southwest coast. It is most famous for the wooden architecture of its old city centre, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Villages

Population growth

References

Other websites

Website

Cities in Finland
Municipalities of Satakunta
South Orange, New Jersey is a place in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is west of Newark, and south of the city of Orange. Around 16,000 people live there.

Seton Hall University is in South Orange.

A notable person from South Orange is actor Kevin Spacey.

Other websites
Official site

Townships in New Jersey
Essex County, New Jersey
Southern Methodist University is in Dallas, Texas. It is the site of the George W. Bush Presidential Library.

Other websites
Official website

Colleges and universities in Texas
Dallas
American Athletic Conference
The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa is a zoo in Pretoria, South Africa. It is one of the top ten zoos in the world by acreage (210 acres in 2013), and number of species (705 species in 2013). There are about 9,000 individual animals in the zoo. The zoo is divided by the Apies River.

References
 The Top 10 Largest Zoos in the World 

Zoos
Pretoria
Organizations based in South Africa
Ann Carol Crispin (April 5, 1950 – September 6, 2013) was an American science fiction writer. She wrote twenty-three published books. Her writing career began in 1983. She wrote several books related to Star Trek. Crispin was born in Stamford, Connecticut. She died from cancer in Maryland.

Writers from Connecticut
1950 births
2013 deaths
American science fiction writers
Cancer deaths in Maryland
People from Stamford, Connecticut
The Moscow Zoo is a zoo in Moscow, Russia. It is one of the ten largest zoos in the world. It covers  (in 2013). The zoo holds over 6,000 individual animals, of 927 species (in 2013). The zoo opened in 1864. The most recent exhibits include a sea aquarium, an aviary, a sea lion exhibit, and children's attractions. A footbridge connects the two parts of the zoo that are separated by Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street.
Moscow Zoo Museum  
Founded in 2008 in a two-storey building of the 19th century, built in the late XIX - early XX centuries, located on the territory of the zoo. Since 2015, the museum has been open to the public and everyone. In the central and side halls there is an exposition devoted to the history of the Moscow Zoo and a natural science permanent exposition. The collection of the museum includes more than 10,000 zoo coat of arms from all over the world, hundreds of paintings, sculptures and drawings by the masters of Russian animalistics, such as Vasily Vatagin, Alexei Komarov, Vadim Trofimov, Andrei Marts and Alexei Tsvetkov.
Research & Educational Center  
The Moscow Zoo has her own educational institute. In addition to full-training for zoo staff and teachers, there is a continuing education program for zoo and aquarium staff, veterinarians, teachers and volunteers, as well as courses in zoo psychology. Since the Moscow Zoo has been chairman of all zoos in Russia since the Soviet period, it is a national training center. It was founded in 2017 by the current director Svetlana Akulova and Björn Stenvers.

References

 The Top 10 Largest Zoos in the World

Other websites

Moscow Zoo Academy

Zoos
Buildings and structures in Moscow
Organizations based in Russia
The Berlin Zoological Garden is the largest zoo in the world in acreage (84 acres in 2013) and in number of species (1,500 in 2013). It holds the most comprehensive collection of species in the world. There were more than 20,219 individual animals in the zoo in 2017. 

The zoo opened in 1844. It was the first Zoo to be built in Germany. It is located in the southwestern section of the Tiergarten. It was the home of the famous baby polar bear Knut.

Several architects have created the houses for the different species in the zoo.  The Antelope House dates to 1872 and the Elephant House to 1873. The Hippopotamus House dates to 1997. It demonstrates the application of modern zoo concepts to a particular species. The hippos live under a roof of 13,000 square feet of glass solar panel. They can now be seen above and beneath the water.
During World War II, the elephants at the Zoo were killed in the air raids of September 7-8, 1941. Zoo officials also killed animals at the time. In November 1943, more than 1,000 bombs were dropped over the zoo, destroying many buildings and burning to death many animals. As many as 12,000 animals were killed in the Berlin Zoological Garden during the bombings of World War II.

References

Zoos in Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
is a fictional character from the Star Fox series of video games. He was created by Shigeru Miyamoto and designed by Takaya Imamura. He is an anthropomorphic falcon or pheasant, and is the friend of main character Fox McCloud.

In the English versions of the Star Fox games, a number of actors have voiced Falco. Hisao Egawa has voiced him in all of the Japanese versions. In addition to the Star Fox games, he is also a playable character in Super Smash Bros. Melee and Super Smash Bros. Brawl.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1993
Nintendo video game characters
Star Fox
Afrosoricida is an order of mammals, which includes the Tenrecs and the Golden mole. Tenrecs look like hedgehogs in appearance. Golden moles look like moles. Sequence analysis found that these animals are not closely related to other insectivores.

Some biologists use Tenrecomorpha as the name for the tenrec-golden mole clade, but Gary Bronner and Paulina Jenkins argue that Afrosoricida is more appropriate, despite their misgivings about the similarity between the name "Afrosoricida" and the unrelated shrew subgenus Afrosorex.

References

Mammals
Brookfield Place, originally and commonly known as the World Financial Center is a complex of office buildings in Battery Park City in Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is near the World Trade Center. It is home to the offices of a number of companies such as Merrill Lynch, American Express, Brookfield Office Properties, and others. It was opened in 1988. It was designed by César Pelli.

The complex was very badly damaged in the September 11 attacks. It had to be closed for several months while repairs were being done.

The complex was renamed to "Brookfield Place" in 2013.
Buildings
 One World Financial Center
 Address: 200 Liberty Street
 Height:  577 ft (176 m)
 Floors: 40
 Built: 1986
 Two World Financial Center
 Address: 225 Liberty Street
 Height:  645 ft (197 m)
 Floors: 44
 Built: 1987
 Three World Financial Center
 Address: 200 Vesey Street
 Height: 739 ft (225 m)
 Floors: 51
 Built: 1985
 Four World Financial Center
 Address: 250 Vesey Street
 Height: 500 ft (152 m)
 Floors: 34
 Built: 1986
 Winter Garden Atrium (1988), a 45,000 ft² glass domed building that has a number of plants, trees, and flowers. It also has shopping areas and cafes. It was very badly damaged in the September 11 attacks. It was reopened on September 11, 2002.
 NYMEX building
 Address: 1 North End Avenue
 Height: 253 ft (77 m)
 Floors: 16
 Built: 1997

References

Other websites
Official website 

Buildings and structures in Manhattan
1988 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in New York (state)
Caedwalla, also spelled Cædwalla (c. 659–689), was the King of Wessex from  until his abdication in 688. His name comes from the British name Cadwallon. He was a powerful king and war leader. It was through his efforts that Wessex rose to become the third kingdom, after Northumbria and Mercia, in what would become the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the heptarchy. Caedwalla was a pagan king who fought for and promoted Christianity.

Early career
Early career 

Caedwalla was born . He the son of Cenberht (Coenbryht) and the brother of Mul. They were of the royal house of the Gewissae. Caedwalla was a descendant of Cerdic. His father, an underking in Wessex, was killed in 661 when Caedwalla was about two years old. His family took refuge in the great forest of the Weald Caedwalla was apparently one of those trying to claim territory in Wessex after the death of Cenwalh. But he was exiled from Wessex in 680 by Centwine. During that time he had gathered around him a band of warriors. In 685 Caedwalla "began to strive for the kingdom" (or wanted to become king). He repeatedly attacked Sussex and killed king Ethelwalth. Two of the Sussex ealdormen drove Caedwalla out of that kingdom. Still landless, Caedwalla turned his attentions again towards Wessex. This same year Centwine retired to a monastery and abdicated the throne of Wessex.

King of Wessex
By 686 Caedwalla was able to declare himself king. The remaining underkings in Wessex did not oppose him and kept their territories. During the three years Caedwalla reigned over Wessex he was constantly at war. He and his brother Mul ravaged Kent in 686. After subjecting Kent to his rule he left his brother Mul in charge as king of Kent. That summer he attacked Sussex and killed king Berhthun. In 687 the men of Kent rose up against Mul and he was burned with twelve of his companions. They soon restored their own royal line on the throne. Caedwalla invaded a second time and ruled Kent himself. Caedwalla next invaded the Isle of Wight. King Arwald was killed. Caewalla allowed the two young athelings of Wight, Arwald's brothers, to convert to Christianity before executing them. He then began to kill all the inhabitants and replace them with settlers from Wessex. Although still a pagan, he gave several large estates on the Isle of Wight to bishop Wilfrid
. It was during his war on the Isle of Wight that Caedwalla was badly wounded. His wound seemed mortal to him. But he had succeeded in conquering most of the south-east of England. In 688 he abdicated the throne of Wessex. He was able to journey to Rome where on Easter day 689, he was baptised by Pope Sergius. About ten days later on 20 April he died and was buried in Rome. He set a precedent for the west Saxon kings who followed him to dominate all of south-east England.
Caedwalla remained a pagan until end of his life. He was a friend of bishop Wilfrid and at times called himself the defender of the church. He granted land for a monastery to an Abbot Ecgbald at Hoo in Kent. His authority in Surrey is demonstrated by a grant of land for an monastery in Farnham. He saw his attempts to remove all the Jutes from the Isle of Wight as a war of Christianity against the pagans. When he left England on his pilgrimage to Rome he stopped at Calais and donated money to build a church there. He did the same at the court of the Lombards before going on to Rome. Caedwalla was succeeded by Ine.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

650s births
680s deaths
Kings of Wessex
A petting zoo is a small zoo where visitors (mostly children) can get up close to animals and pet them. Animals in such zoos are typically gentle, domesticated baby animals like lambs, piglets, chicks, puppies, kittens, ducklings, and bunnies.

Petting zoos are usually a children's feature of larger zoos. Backdrops may be fairy tale settings such as the three pigs' houses of straw, twigs, and brick or Old Macdonald's farm. Wishing wells, footbridges, and other objects that appeal to children may also be featured. Food for the children to give to the animals may be available.

Sometimes petting zoos are found along roadsides in farm country. Petting zoos are well supervised to prevent injury to either children or the animals. A small fee might be charged to enter a petting zoo. 

Zoos
The de Havilland Aircraft Company Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer, founded in 1920 by Geoffrey de Havilland. It was based in Hatfield, Hertfordshire. De Havilland produced the first jet-powered passenger aircraft.

References

Other websites 
de Havilland Aircraft Museum

Aircraft companies
1920 establishments in the United Kingdom
1964 disestablishments
1960s disestablishments in England

Manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
The Columbus Zoo and Aquarium is a zoo in Ohio, United States. It is one of the largest zoos in the world in terms of area () and species of animals (about 790). The zoo is located north of Columbus, in Powell, Ohio. There are about 10,000 individual animals in the zoo.

References
 The Top Ten Largest Zoos in the World 

Zoos in the United States
Columbus, Ohio
Louis Burt Mayer (July 12, 1884 – October 29, 1957) was an American movie producer. He was born Lazar Meir to Russian Jewish parents in Minsk (which is today in Belarus). He was a part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He was a founder of the Academy Awards. He died of leukemia.

1884 births
1957 deaths
Academy Awards
American Jews
American movie producers
Belarusian Jews
Deaths from leukemia
Jewish businesspeople
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Minsk
Russian Jews
The Hollywood blacklist was a system of denying employment to Hollywood actors, producers, screenwriters, directors, and other people in entertainment who were suspected of undesirable political connections or other undesirable associations. Communist sympathies and homosexual tendencies were two of the connections considered most undesirable. It mostly occurred through the middle of the 20th century, in the 1940s and 1950s.

Discrimination
Movie industry
20th century in the United States
Sir Alan William Parker,  (14 February 1944 – 31 July 2020) was a British movie director from Islington, London. One of his best known movies is Bugsy Malone (1975).

Early years
Parker was born into a working-class family in Islington, North London, the son of Elsie Ellen, a dressmaker, and William Leslie Parker, a house painter.

Death
Parker died in London on 31 July 2020 at age 76.

Filmography

 Melody (1971) (writer only)
 Our Cissy (1974) (short film)
 Footsteps (1974) (short film)
 The Evacuees (TV, 1975)
 Bugsy Malone (1976)
 Midnight Express (1978)
 Fame (1980)
 Shoot the Moon (1982)
 Pink Floyd—The Wall (1982)
 Birdy (1984)
 Angel Heart (1987)
 Mississippi Burning (1988)
 Come See the Paradise (1990)
 The Commitments (1991)
 The Road to Wellville (1994)
 Evita (1996)
 Angela's Ashes (1999)
 The Life of David Gale (2003)

References

Other websites
 
 Official Alan Parker Website
1944 births
2020 deaths
Disease-related deaths in London
Academy Award winning directors
BAFTA Award winning directors
BAFTA Award winning writers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Movie directors from London
Movie producers from London
People from Islington
Screenwriters from London
An aviary is a place where birds are kept. It is larger than a birdcage. Some aviaries are large enough for birds to fly some distance. Many zoos have aviaries. People who breed birds to sell also have aviaries. Many aviaries have plants and other things to imitate nature.

Zoos
Birds
Animal enclosures
St. Peter's Square ( , ) is a large plaza in front of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City, Rome. The Pope frequently addresses pilgrims gathered in the square. It is named after Saint Peter.

At the centre of the square is an ancient Egyptian obelisk, erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.

References

Further reading
 Hibbert, Christopher, 1985, Rome: The biography of a city, London, Penguin.
 Norwich, John Julius, ed. 1975 Great Architecture of the World 
 Touring Club Italiano, Roma e Dintorni

Other websites
Other websites

stpetersbasilica.info Pages for all 140 Colonnade Saints
Great Buildings On-line: Piazza of St. Peter's
Roberto Piperno, "Piazza di S. Pietro": engravings by Vasi
Mary Ann Sullivan, "St Peter's Piazza, Vatican City"
Obeliscus Vaticanus LacusCurtius.com, The Vatican Obelisk, retrieved September 4, 2006
The legend of the cry of Bresca Legendary Rome
Rome, Nova Online, Mysteries of the Nile, A World of Obelisks: Rome pbs.org, retrieved September 4, 2006
St. Peter's Square, Bernini's Fountain

Vatican City
National squares
Town squares in Europe
A sandbar, or shoal is a landform which is in or partly in a body of water. Usually it is made of sand, silt, and/or small pebbles.

Description
Shoals are long and narrow ridges. They can develop where a stream, river, or ocean current deposits sediment and granular material.

Shoals look like a coastal landform in the sea. They are classified as a type of ocean bank, or as fluvial landforms in rivers, streams, and lakes.

They are usually made up of sand. They can also be made up of soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders.

Landforms
"Old MacDonald Had a Farm" is a children's song. It tells of the different animals found on a farm and the sounds they make. Animals include a cow, a duck, a sheep, and any other animals the singer cares to imitate. A typical verse:
Old Macdonald had a farm, E-I-E-I-O!
And on this farm he had a cow, E-I-E-I-O!
With a moo-moo here,
And a moo-moo there,
Here a moo, there a moo,
Everywhere a moo-moo,
Old Macdonald had a farm E-I-E-I-O!

Children's songs
18th-century songs‎
1700s works
The Inheritors is the 1955 second novel by the British author William Golding, who is best known for Lord of the Flies. It was his personal favourite, and concerns the extinction of one of the last remaining tribes of Neanderthals at the hands of the more sophisticated (and malevolent) Homo sapiens.

One of the band, Lok, is a "point of view" character. He is the one we follow as one by one the adults of the band die or are killed, then the young are stolen by the "new people" The new people are a group of early modern humans. Lok and Fa, the remaining adults, are both fascinated and repelled by the new people. They observe their actions and rituals with amazement, only slowly understanding that harm is meant by the 'sticks' (arrows) of the new people.
In the final chapter, we move to the point of view of the new race, more or less modern humans fleeing in their boats. Apparently they are terribly afraid of the Neanderthals whom they believe to be devils of the forest. This last chapter, the only one written from the humans' point of view, points to the inheritance of the world by the new species.

1955 books
British fantasy books
William Golding
A wishing well is a well in which a person throws a coin and at the same time makes a wish.

Superstitions
Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf? is a song from the Walt Disney animated short movie Three little pigs (1933). It was written by Frank Churchill and Ann Ronell. The song buoyed spirits during the Great Depression. It inspired the title of Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1963).

1933
1930s songs
Barbra Streisand songs
LL Cool J songs
Franchot Tone (born Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone on February 27, 1905 – September 18, 1968) was an American actor. He was married briefly to actress Joan Crawford. They made several movies together. His best known movie is Mutiny on the Bounty (1935). He also performed on radio, television, and the stage. He died of lung cancer in New York City in 1968.

1905 births
1968 deaths
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from lung cancer
A bird cage (sometimes birdcage) is a cage to hold a bird. Bird cages are used in the home to contain a pet bird, such as a parakeet or a canary. Bird cages used in the home are made of metal wire. A bird cage usually has seed and water dishes, a cuttle bone, and toys such as little bells and mirrors. However, the best ones available are shredding and foraging toys, which are more expensive than the "classic" bird accessories. These keep the birds engaged and prevent boredom. There are perches for the bird to sit on. A cage may be hung from a ceiling or a floor stand. The floor of the cage is usually lined with some sort of paper to absorb the bird's droppings, water spills, etc.

When a bird cage is round, tall and narrow or made of galvanized metal it should be avoided. Round cages confuse the birds and cause behavioral issues due to their shape, narrow and tall cages don't let the bird fly properly and any type of galvanized metal can potentially cause a lethal heavy metal intoxication.
Size
Bird cages should be at least 18x18x18 inches when it comes to small birds. For bigger species an aviary can be the best option.
Breeding birds will need a very big cage and a nest box. 
If a bird is going to be caged many hours everyday it will need at least a small aviary with a lot of shredding and foraging toys to not develop behavioral issues such as feather plucking.

Animal enclosures
Birds
Saint Sophia Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom of God, is a former Orthodox church in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

This church was built in 1907. It was closed during the Cultural Revolution. In 1997, it was turned into a museum.

Museums in China
Buildings and structures in China
Cathedrals
1907 establishments in Asia
1900s establishments in China
Henri Murger (27 March 1822 – 28 January 1861) was a French writer. He is known for a book called Scènes de la vie de bohème. This book is about the life of poor poets, artists, and musicians in Paris of the 1830s. It became the basis for Giacomo Puccini's opera La bohème, for Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera of the same name, and for other musical works. Murger was born and died in Paris. 

He was very famous.

Other websites 
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Henry-Murger/784671611549716

Writers from Paris
1822 births
1861 deaths
Scènes de la vie de bohème (Scenes from the Bohemian Life) is a book by Henri Murger. It was published in parts between 1847 and 1849, and in book form in 1851. The book is about the lives of the poor poets, artists, and musicians in Paris about 1830. It was the basis for La bohème, an opera by Giacomo Puccini in 1896, and another opera of the same name by Ruggero Leoncavallo in 1897.

French novels
1840s books
Luigi Illica (9 May 1857 – 16 December 1919) was an Italian writer.  He wrote the librettos (stories and words) for many operas. He teamed with Giuseppe Giacosa for Puccini's operas La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly. He also wrote the libretto for Umberto Giordano's Andrea Chénier.

1857 births
1919 deaths
Italian writers
Librettists
Giuseppe Giacosa (21 October 1847 – 1 September 1906) was an Italian writer. He wrote the libretti (stories and words) with Luigi Illica for Puccini's operas La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly. He was born in Turin, Italy.

People from Turin
Librettists
Italian writers
1857 births
1906 deaths
Entrapment is inducement to commit a crime, especially by authorities, to get a conviction. The implication is that the person might otherwise have been unlikely to commit the crime. In some countries, entrapment is a possible defence against criminal liability.

Another similar term is agent provocateur, an older French term for the person who does the inducing. 

A sting operation is a more sophisticated way to trap criminals. It usually involves leaving a bait, and filming or catching whoever takes the bait.

References 

Types of crime
Law enforcement
Criminal justice
Sos Sargsyan (24 October 1929 – 26 September 2013) was a famous Armenian actor, director, and writer. He was known for his roles in Guys from the Army Band, Solaris, and in Nahapet.

Sargsyan was born on 24 October 1929 in Stepanavan, Soviet Armenia. He was raised in Yerevan, Armenia. Sargsyan died on 26 September 2013 in Yerevan, Armenia from a heart attack, aged 83.

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Armenian actors
Armenian movie directors
Armenian writers
People from Yerevan
Tuskegee University is in Tuskegee, Alabama. It is a historic African American college.

Related pages
Booker T. Washington

Other websites
University website

Colleges and universities in Alabama
Historically black colleges and universities
The Alawites, also known as Alawis (ʿAlawīyyah ) are a sect within Shia Islam. They live mainly in Syria. They follow a branch of the Twelver school of Shia Islam. Alawites revere Ali, and the name "Alawi" means followers of Ali.

Other websites
Reuters

Islamic denominations
Syria
Sung Wong Toi () is a historic relic in Hong Kong. It is now in the Sung Wong Toi Garden.

There was a legend that Sung Wong Toi was built to remember the Emperor Duanzong of Song and his younger brother. It was because they had once escaped to Hong Kong.

Reference 

Buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Monuments and memorials
Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano (28 August 1867 – 12 November 1948) was an Italian composer. He wrote many operas. His opera Andrea Chénier (1896) is still performed.

1867 births
1948 deaths
20th-century Italian composers
Mutiny on the Bounty is an MGM movie from 1935 directed by Frank Lloyd and produced by Irving Thalberg. It was directed by Frank Lloyd. It is based on the novel of the same name by Charles Nordoff and James Hall. The movie is about the mutiny on the ship Bounty.

It stars  Charles Laughton as Captain Bligh, Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian, Franchot Tone as Roger Byam, and Movita Castaneda as a Tahitian girl. All three were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. The movie won the 1935 Academy Award for Best Picture.

1935 drama movies
1930s historical movies
1930s epic movies
1930s American drama movies
1930s American adventure movies
Movies based on books
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
Movies directed by Frank Lloyd
Movies about capital punishment
Movies set in French Polynesia‏‎
Omoseye Bolaji (born August 16 1968, died 22 May 2022) is a Nigerian-born writer. He went on to become a successful author of many books in South Africa. He is a novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist. He was conferred with the Chancellor's Medal by the University of the Free State in 2007. His published works include Impossible Love (2000), People of the Townships (2003), My Life and Literature (2007), Miscellaneous Writings (2011) and It Couldn’t Matter Less (2013)

In 2022, Omoseye Bolaji published two new books in early February:

 BOOKS BARDS AND BARBS (2022)
 IYA ALAJE (2022)

References

Other websites
The Bard Of Bloemfontein

1968 births
Living people
South African writers
Writers from Ibadan
Lantau Island is the largest island in Hong Kong.

Famous Places 
 Hong Kong Disneyland
 Ngong Ping 360
 Tai O

References 

Geography of Hong Kong
Islands of China
Christian terrorism is a form of terrorism where the terrorists claim their motivations lie in their Christian religion.  Very often, such groups use the Old Testament or the New Testament scriptures to legitimize their actions. Sometimes, the religious violence arises from different Christian groups fighting for dominance.