Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Leupoldsgrün is a municipality in Upper Franconia. It can be found in Hof, which is in Bavaria, Germany.

References

Hof (district)
Frederick Trump (nee Freidrich Drumpf March 14, 1869 - March 30, 1918) was a German businessman. He is the father of businessman Fred Trump and the grandfather of Donald Trump.

Trump made his first fortune operating boom-town hotels and whorehouses in the northwestern United States, and later in Monte Cristo, Washington.

References

1869 births
1918 deaths
Businesspeople from Seattle
Businesspeople from New York City
Juan Martín Díez (1775, Valladolid - 1825) was a Spanish brigadier-general of cavalry. The son of a peasant, Díez was head of guerilla bands, where he had done good service to his country during the Peninsular war and been promoted; offending the ruling powers, he was charged with conspiracy, tried, and killed.

1775 births
1825 deaths
Spanish military people
The inauguration of William Howard Taft as the 27th president of the United States happened on March 4, 1909. It was the start of the only term of William Howard Taft as president and James S. Sherman's only term as vice president. 

A ceremony happened at the Senate chamber inside the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. because of a blizzard. The event was the 31st presidential inauguration.  

Vice president Sherman did not complete his term in office, because he died on October 30, 1912. Since the Twenty-fifth Amendment, which allows for the office of vice president to be filled if it were empty, of the US Constitution was not passed yet, the position remained empty until Taft's term as president ended. As of 2021, Sherman is the most recent vice president to die in office.
Chief Justice Melville Fuller administered the presidential oath of office to Taft. Charles W. Fairbanks gave the vice presidential oath of office to Sherman. This inauguration was the last time Fuller gave the oath. However, the Chief Justice said his lines incorrectly. 

Although the weather was not good, the inaugural parade was not canceled. An inaugural ball that evening was held at the Pension Building. The ball would be the last official one, because Taft's successor, Woodrow Wilson, asked the city of Washington to not do one, putting a brief end to the practice. The inaugural balls were brought back in 1949 as part of the second inauguration of Harry S. Truman.

References

Other websites 

 Text of Taft's Inaugural Address

1900s in the United States
Taft, William Howard
William Howard Taft
Relief rainfall means rain caused by the land varying in height.   Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain.

Precipitation
SV Horn is an Austrian association football club playing in the city of Horn in Lower Austria. They play in the 2nd League.

Current squad

Coaching staff
Head coach: 	Philipp Riederer
Assistance coach: Michael Hennebichler
Assistance coach:  	Stefan Kerzig
Goalkeeper coach: David Affengruber

Coaching history (21st century)

Women
SV Horn also has a women football team which plays in the 2. ÖFB Frauen-Bundesliga.

References 

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Lower Austria
Degrees of freedom refers to the maximum number of logically independent values, which are values that have the freedom to vary, in the data sample.

Understanding Degrees of Freedom 
The easiest way to understand degrees of freedom conceptually is through an example:

 Consider a data sample consisting of, for the sake of simplicity, five positive integers. The values could be any number with no known relationship between them. This data sample would, theoretically, have five degrees of freedom.
 Four of the numbers in the sample are {3, 8, 5, and 4} and the average of the entire data sample is revealed to be 6.
 This must mean that the fifth number has to be 10. It can be nothing else. It does not have the freedom to vary.
 So the degrees of freedom for this data sample is 4.

The formula for degrees of freedom equals the size of the data sample minus one:
Df​=N−1
where:

Df​=degrees of freedom

N=sample size​
N=sample size​

Degrees of freedom are commonly discussed in relation to various forms of hypothesis testing in statistics, such as a chi-square. It is essential to calculate degrees of freedom when trying to understand the importance of a chi-square statistic and the validity of the null hypothesis.

Chi-Square Tests 
There are two different kinds of chi-square tests: the test of independence, which asks a question of relationship, such as, "Is there a relationship between gender and SAT scores?"; and the goodness-of-fit test, which asks something like "If a coin is tossed 100 times, will it come up heads 50 times and tails 50 times?"
For these tests, degrees of freedom are utilized to determine if a certain null hypothesis can be rejected based on the total number of variables and samples within the experiment. For example, when considering students and course choice, a sample size of 30 or 40 students is likely not large enough to generate significant data. Getting the same or similar results from a study using a sample size of 400 or 500 students is more valid.

History 
The earliest and most basic concept of degrees of freedom was noted in the early 1800s, intertwined in the works of mathematician and astronomer Carl Friedrich Gauss. The modern usage and understanding of the term were expounded upon first by William Sealy Gosset, an English statistician, in his article "The Probable Error of a Mean," published in Biometrika in 1908 under a pen name to preserve his anonymity.1
In his writings, Gosset did not specifically use the term "degrees of freedom." He did, however, give an explanation for the concept throughout the course of developing what would eventually be known as Student’s T-distribution. The actual term was not made popular until 1922. English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher began using the term "degrees of freedom" when he started publishing reports and data on his work developing chi-squares.

Statistics
Sinful Davey is a 1969 British American adventure crime comedy movie directed by John Huston and starring John Hurt, Pamela Franklin, Anjelica Huston, Nigel Davenport, Ronald Fraser, Maxine Audley, Robert Morley, Fionnula Flanagan, Donal McCann, Allan Cuthbertson, Eddie Byrne and was distributed by United Artists.

Other websites
 
 

1969 comedy movies
1969 crime movies
1969 adventure movies
British adventure movies
British criminal comedy movies
American adventure movies
American criminal comedy movies
Movies directed by John Huston
Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, durra, jowari / jowar, or milo, is a grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, and barley, with 59.34 million metric tons of annual global production in 2018. S. bicolor is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 m high. The grain is small, ranging from 2 to 4 mm in diameter. Sweet sorghums are sorghum cultivars that are primarily grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol; they are taller than those grown for grain.

Sorghum bicolor is the cultivated species of sorghum; its wild relatives make up the botanical genus Sorghum.

References
The greater spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla avia) is a frog that lives in Mexico and Guatemala.  Scientists have seen it in cloud forests between 1685 and 2200 meters above sea level on the Pacific Ocean side (west side) of the Sierra Madre mountains.

References

Frogs of North America
Maryse Wolinski (3 May 1943 – 9 December 2021) was a French journalist, novelist and writer. She was the wife of the Charlie Hebdo cartoonist murdered in January 2015. After the death of her husband, she dedicated three books to him. 

Wolinski died of cancer in Paris on 9 December 2021, at the age of 78.

Works 
 Au diable Vauvert (1988)
 Le Maître d’amour (1992)
 Lettre ouverte aux hommes qui n’ont rien compris aux femmes (1993)
 La Femme qui aimait les hommes (1998)
 Chérie, je vais à Charlie (2016)
 Le goût de la belle vie (2018)
 Au risque de la vie (2020)

References

Sources
 

1943 births
2021 deaths
French journalists
French novelists
Writers from Paris
The Hanger Lane gyratory is a multi-lane gyratory that is the shape of a rectangle. The Western Avenue (A40) goes under the gyratory. The A40 meets with the North Circular (A406) and the Ealing Road towards Wembley. It is in the north of the borough of Ealing in west London.

The junction covers about . At rush hour, it carries nearly 10,000 vehicles per hour. The Central line passes under the gyratory. Hanger Lane tube station takes up some of the middle of the gyratory. The rest of the middle has some service buildings and a nature reserve. The nature reserve is a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation.

History 

The junction became a gyratory in the 1980s. In December 2007, it was named Britain's scariest junction. The High Speed 2 railway could have caused the gyratory to be remodelled.

References 

Transport in the London Borough of Ealing
Google Maps Navigation is a mobile application developed by Google for the Android and iOS operating systems that was later integrated into the Google Maps mobile app. The application uses an Internet connection to a GPS navigation system to provide turn-by-turn voice-guided instructions on how to arrive at a given destination.
The application requires connection to Internet data (e.g. 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi, etc.) and normally uses a GPS satellite connection to determine its location. A user can enter a destination into the application, which will plot a path to it. The app displays the user's progress along the route and issues instructions for each turn.
History
The application’s beta release was released on October 28, 2009, accompanying the release of Android 2.0 (Eclair) on the Motorola Milestone (known as the Motorola Droid). Google Maps Navigation Beta was initially released in the United States. The application (version 4.2) was later released in the UK on April 20, 2010 and Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland on June 9, 2010.

References

Software
Google
Lichtenberg is a town in northeastern Bavaria, being in Hof in Upper Franconia.

It is on a hill above the valley of the river Selbitz, in the Frankenwald nature park.

References

Hof (district)
Münchberg is a small town in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), Germany. It is sometimes known as the Textile Town of Bavaria.

Its sister city is Jefferson City, Missouri, United States.

Geography

The town districts

References

Other websites
  

Hof (district)
Mechlenreuth is a village in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria, Germany. In 1978 the village was included into Münchberg. The earliest known mention of the village was in 1185. From 1837 to 1978 Mechlenreuth was an independent municipality.  Today it is a village of 200 residents and a part of the city Münchberg.
Geography
The village is on the edge of the natural park Fichtelgebirge. Their bordering villages are (clockwise) Münchberg Weißdorf Stockenroth- Germersreuth, Großlosnitz, Kleinlosnitz and Mussen. The village is at a height of 545 meters two kilometers south of the city Münchberg. In the south and east is Mechlenreuth in large parts surrounded by forests. In the north-west rises the chapel mountain, the highest point of the village area. It is also a natural border, to the rest of the city Münchberg. The center of the village grouped around a village pond surrounded by trees. Today the village Mechlenreuth also includes the single buildings Upper Eiben, Lower Eiben, Umspannwerk Mechlenreuth, Rußhut, Lohbrickworks and Dietelsmill.
Literature
Karl Dietel: Münchberg. Story of an official and industrial city, Volume. 1., Until the transition to Bayern 1810. City Administration Münchberg, Münchberg 1963.
Karl Dietel: Between Waldstein and Döbraberg - The historical development of the council Münchberg. Former district school, Münchberg 1964.

References

Other websites 
Fire Department Mechlenreuth

Hof (district)
Naila is a town in the Frankenwald hills, in Hof, Bavaria. Naila is  from Hof, on both banks of the Selbitz river.

Related pages
 Franconian Forest
 Wild man
 Höllental

Other websites 
  
 History of the city-seal  
 Description of the balloon-escape from the GDR

References

Hof (district)
Oberkotzau is a municipality  in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Hof (district)
Rehau is a town in Hof, in Bavaria, Germany. The first documented name of Rehau was "Resawe" in the year 1234. Rehau is in the Fichtelgebirge, 12 km southeast of Hof, and 12 km west of Aš. It is near both Czech and former East German borders, with the fall of The Wall, it is now in the center of a growing area, with a new Autobahn providing access from Nuremberg and Munich.

References

Other websites
 Website of Rehau

Hof (district)
Schauenstein is a town  in Hof, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 13 km west of Hof.

References

Hof (district)
An endothermic reaction is a reaction between two elements or compounds that absorbs heat energy.

If more energy is needed to break the bonds than the energy being released, energy is taken up. Therefore, it is an endothermic reaction.

Chemical reactions
Maitreyi Ramakrishnan ( ; born 28 December 2001) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her leading role as Devi Vishwakumar in the Netflix teen comedy series Never Have I Ever (2020–present) and as Priya Mangal in the Pixar film Turning Red (2022).

References

Living people
Actors from Ontario
Candice Kristina Patton is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Iris West-Allen in the television series The Flash, Her acting on The Flash earned her a Saturn Award from four nominations.

Actors from Mississippi
Living people
Schwarzenbach am Wald is a town in Hof, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 21 km west of Hof, and 23 km northeast of Kulmbach.

Geography

Geographical Place 
Schwarzenbach am Wald is in a natural environment at the bottom of the Döbraberg in the natural park Frankenwald

City Structure

References

Hof (district)
Schwarzenbach an der Saale is a town in Hof, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Saale, 11 km south of Hof.

References

Hof (district)
A "relative clause" is a string of words that contains a noun and a verb. Relative clauses can not stand on their own as a sentence and must begin with a "relative pronoun".

This is one of the most difficult aspects of English. Consider:
The bed I was lying on. (implies an answer to a previous question)
The bed that I was lying on... (implies a continuation)
The bed which I was lying on... (also implies a continuation)

Consider these two:

(1) The builder, who erects very fine houses, will make a large profit. (non-restrictive)

(2) The builder who erects very fine houses will make a large profit. (restrictive)

On the first, he will make a large profit, and it gives the reason.
In the second, the profit only comes if he builds well. The profit is conditional upon his performance.

Grammar
Players born on or after 1 January 1986 were available to participate in the tournament. Players' age as of 18 July 2005 – the tournament's starting day. Players in bold have later been capped at full international level.

Group A

Head coach:  Uli Stielike

Head coach:  Nikos Nioplias

Head coach:  Mal Donaghy

Head coach:  Zvonko Živković

Group B

Head coach:  Samvel Petrosyan

Head coach:  Martin Hunter

Head coach:  Jean Gallice

Head coach:  Tor Ole Skullerund

Footnotes

UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads
Players born on or after 1 January 1987 were available to participate in the tournament. Players' age as of 18 July 2006 – the tournament's starting day. Players in bold have later been capped at full international level.

Group A

Head coach:  Paul Gludovatz

Head coach:  Marc Van Geersom

Head coach:  Miroslav Soukup

Head coach:  Michał Globisz

Group B

Head coach: Carlos Dinis

Head coach:  Archie Gemmill

Head coach:  Ginés Meléndez

Head coach:  Cem Pamiroğlu

Footnotes

UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads
Players born on or after 1 January 1988 were available to participate in the tournament. Players' age as of 16 July 2007 – the tournament's starting day. Players in bold have later been capped at full international level.

Group A

Head coach:  Hermann Stadler

Head coach:  Nikos Nioplias

Head coach:  Edgar Borges

Head coach:  Juan Santisteban

Only 19 players in Spain squad.

Group B

Head coach:  Guy Ferrier

Head coach:  Frank Engel

Head coach:  Ravil Sabitov

Head coach:  Zvonko Živković

Footnotes

UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads
Players born on or after 1 January 1989 were available to participate in the tournament. Players' age as of 14 July 2008 – the tournament's starting day. Players in bold have later been capped at full international level.

Group A

Head coach:  Mihail Madanski

Head coach:  Tibor Sisa

Head coach:  Horst Hrubesch

Head coach:  Ginés Meléndez

Group B

Head coach:  Jakub Dovalil

Head coach:  Brian Eastick

Head coach:  Alexis Alexiou

Head coach:  Francesco Rocca

Other websites 
Official UEFA site

Footnotes

UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads
The AFC first round of the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification was also the first round of 2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification. It was played from 6 to 11 June 2019.

Format
A total of twelve teams (teams ranked 35–46 in the FIFA World Rankings) played home-and-away over two legs. The six winners advanced to the second round.

The six losers would have qualified to the 2020 AFC Solidarity Cup, but it was cancelled.

Timor-Leste were banned from qualifying to the 2023 AFC Asian Cup, so this only acts as FIFA World Cup qualification for them.

Seeding
The draw for the first round was held on 17 April 2019 at 11:00 MST (UTC+8), at the AFC House in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The seeding was based on the FIFA World Rankings of April 2019. Pot A teams hosted the first leg and Pot B teams hosted the second leg.

Note: Bolded teams qualified for the second round.
Note: FIFA World Rankings at the time of the draw is shown in (parenthesis).

Summary
The first legs were played on 6–7 June, and the second legs on 11 June 2019.
Matches

Mongolia won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Sri Lanka won 3–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Bangladesh won 1–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Malaysia won 12–2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Cambodia won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Guam won 5–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Goalscorers

Notes

References

Other websites
 
Qualifiers – Asia Matches: Round 1, FIFA.com
FIFA World Cup, the-AFC.com
AFC Asian Cup, the-AFC.com
Preliminary Joint Qualification 2022, stats.the-AFC.com

2022 FIFA World Cup
Richard Laurence Millington Synge (1914-1994) was an English biochemist.

People from Wirral
English biochemists
1914 births
1994 deaths
Product differentiation is a term from economics and marketing. In most markets, there will be some form of competition: Several companies offer products or services, which are very similar. Using product differentiation, a company can change a product or a service, so that it becomes more attractive to a given market. This means the product or service must be different from the product of the competitors. It also means, it must be sufficiently different from the other products of the company.  Edward Chamberlin first proposed the idea, in his book The Theory of Monopolistic Competition, published in 1933

Rationale
Rationale 

Firms have different ways  that enable them to construct specific competitive advantages over competitors.  Resource endowments allow firms to be different which reduces competition and makes it possible to reach new segments of the market. For this reason, differentiation is the process of distinguishing the differences of a product or offering from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market.
Although research in a niche market may result in changing a product in order to improve differentiation, the changes themselves are not differentiation. Marketing or product differentiation is the process of describing the differences between products or services, or the resulting list of differences.  This is done to demonstrate the unique aspects of a firm's product and create a sense of value.  Marketing textbooks are firm on the point that any differentiation must be valued by buyers (a differentiation attempt that is not perceived does not count).  The term unique selling proposition refers to advertising to communicate a product's differentiation.

In economics, successful product differentiation leads to competitive advantage. This is inconsistent with  perfect competition. One of the requirement for perfect competition is that the producrs or servces are  perfect substitutes. There are three types of product differentiation:
Simple: based on a variety of characteristics
 Horizontal: based on a single characteristic but consumers are not clear on quality
 Vertical: based on a single characteristic and consumers are clear on its quality

Most of the time, the brand diffferences are small: the can be as little as  different packaging or an advertising theme.  The physical product need not change, but it may.  Differentiation is about the buyers seeing a difference. Causes of differentiation may be functional aspects of the product or service, how it is distributed and marketed, or who buys it.  The major sources of product differentiation are as follows.

 Differences in quality which are usually accompanied by differences in price. 
 Differences in functional features or design
 Ignorance of buyers regarding the essential characteristics and qualities of goods they are purchasing
 Sales promotion activities of sellers and, in particular, advertising
 Differences in availability (e.g. timing and location).
The objective of differentiation is to develop a position that potential customers see as unique. The term is used frequently when dealing with freemium business models, in which businesses market a free and paid version of a given product. Given they target the same group of customers, it is imperative that free and paid versions be effectively differentiated.

Differentiation primarily affects performance through reducing directness of competition: As the product becomes more different, categorization becomes more difficult and hence draws fewer comparisons with its competition.  A successful product differentiation strategy will move your product from competing based primarily on price to competing on non-price factors (such as product characteristics, distribution strategy, or promotional variables).
Vertical product differentiation can be measured objectively by a consumer, for example when comparing two similar products the quality and price can clearly be identified and ranked by the customer. If both A and B products are charged the same price to the consumer, then the market share for each one will be positive, according to the Hotelling model. The major theory in this is all consumers prefer the higher quality product if two distinct products are offered at the same price. A product can differ in many vertical attributes such as its operating speed. What really matters is the relationship between consumers willingness to pay for improvements in quality and the increase in cost per unit that comes with such improvements. Therefore, the perceived difference in quality is different with different consumer, so it is objective. A green product might be having a lower or zero negative effect on the environment, however, it may turn out to be inferior than other products in other aspects
. Hence, it also depends on the way it is advertised and the social pressure a potential consumer is living in. Even one vertical differentiation can be a decisive factor in purchasing.
Horizontal product differentiation 
Horizontal differentiation seeks to affect an individual's subjective decision-making. The difference cannot be measured in an objective way. For example, different color versions of the same iPhone or MacBook. A lemon ice cream is not superior to a chocolate ice cream, is completely based on the user's preference. A restaurant may price all of its desserts at the same price and lets the consumer freely choose its preferences since all the alternatives cost the same. A clear example of Horizontal Product Differentiation can be seen when comparing Coca Cola and Pepsi: if priced the same then individuals will differentiate between the two based purely on their own taste preference.
Other types of product differentiation 
Usually, product differentiation is seen as either vertical or horizontal. Most forms of product differentiation have both horizontal and vertical product differentiations. Those two are not the only way to differentiate products. Another way to differentiate a product is through spatial differentiation. Spatial Product Differentiation is using a geographical location as a way to differentiate. An example of Spatial Differentiation is a firm locally sourcing inputs and producing their product.

References

Other webistes 

 Spring 1997 - Jonathan B. Baker Director, Bureau of Economics Federal Trade Commission on Product Differentiation
Economics
Marketing
Anneliese Knoop-Graf (January 30 1921-August 27 2009) was the youngest sister of Willi Graf, who was one of the main members of the White Rose resistance group. In his last letter to her he tasked her to “keep a good memory of me.” (“Behaltet mich in guter Errinerung”) After his death Anneliese worked tirelessly to keep Willi’s story (and the stories of the other White Rose members) alive.

White Rose work and Legacy 
On February 18, 1943, Willi and Anneliese Graf were captured by the Gestapo. Both were accused of being members of the White Rose. Willi was a core member, but he had never told Anneliese about the activities of the White Rose. Anneliese was released soon afterward, but her brother was sentenced to death. In his last letter to Anneliese and his family, Willi asked them to, “Keep a good memory of me” and to “continue what we have started.”
After the war Anneliese honored her brothers last wishes, becoming a speaker about the White Rose.She helped write multiple publications about the White Rose, including helping Inge Jens and Walter Jens publish a book of Willi Graf’s letters and diary titled, “Willi Graf: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen.”

In 1987, Anneliese became the vice chairman of the White Rose foundation in Munich.

Anneliese Knoop-Graf died on August 27, 2009. She was 88 years old.

1921 births
2009 deaths
Neuf-Mesnil () is a commune in the Nord in north France. In 2018 1,324 people lived in the coummune.

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nord
Hazel W. Johnson-Brown (October 10, 1927 – August 5, 2011) a member of the United States military. She was the 16th Chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps and the first African American woman to hold the title of Brigadier general. She served the military as a nurse from 1955 to 1983 when she retired.  

The title of Brigadier general and 16th Chief of Army Nurse Corps was awarded to Hazel W. Johnson-Brown in 1979.

Early life 
Hazel Winifred Johnson Brown was born on October 10, 1927.  She was born and raised in Pennsylvania, United States. She is the daughter of Clarence L. Johnson Sr. and Gamett Henly Johnson. She had six siblings. It is said that she wanted to be a nurse from early childhood.

References 

1927 births
2011 deaths
American nurses
African-American military personnel
People from Pennsylvania
United States Army
Greek Australians () are Australians of Greek heritage or Australians born in Greece. They make up at least 1.8% of Australia's population. The cities in Australia with the most Greeks are Melbourne and Sydney.

Related pages
Greek New Zealanders

Australian
Australian people
Australia
Margaret Phyllis Lose (November 15, 1925-September 30, 2019) was the first woman equine (horse) vet in the United States. She opened many equine surgical hospitals, and was extremely successful in                                                                                                                                     her surgeries. She never had a client with a postoperative (after operation) infection. She was the third woman to get a horse trainer license in the United States.

Early life 
Phyllis Lose’s parents taught her to be tough, and always keep on moving forward in her life. They motivated her to work hard if she wants to make something happen. When she was younger, she once convinced her parents to let her keep a horse in their garage! Lose has always had a love of horses.
She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School in 1957. She was one of three women in her graduating class. She was the only woman who studied large animals. Lose was the first certified female equine veterinarian in the United States.

Career 
First Lose was a horse trainer.

When she graduated Lose opened the first woman-owned and woman-run horse veterinary clinic. Lose was the first woman to build an equine surgical hospital. She is also the first woman horse doctor in the United States. She was the third woman to have a horse trainer license in the United States as well. She developed many different methods and new types of medicines to help perform more successful surgeries on horses. For example, Lose Lose doesn’t like to use steroids to relax muscles in hurt horses, which is a very common thing to do with other vets.
Lose opened two equine hospitals in Pennsylvania. During Lose’s busiest years, she treated up to 1,000 horses a week! Lose won some money off of her dog, when she entered him in a dog food contest. She closed her hospital, to pursue her dog, Oscar’s, movie career in Florida.

Lose wrote many books. Her autobiography is called, "No Job for a Lady.”

Personal life 
In both her career, as well as her personal life. She never married. Her work was too busy.  She slept about three or four hours a night. One of her dogs, Oscar, was a movie star at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida. She died in 2019.

References 

Veterinarians
Madison Hammond is an Indigenous American soccer player. Hammond is the first Native American to play in the National Women's Soccer League. She plays for the club Angel City, in Los Angeles, California, USA. Hammond made her debut on September 26, 2020. She aims to inspire and be a role model for young Native American girls.

Early Life 
Madison Hammond was born in November 1997. Her mother was in the military. Her father was not very involved in her life. Hammond grew up in Albuquerque and moved to Virginia when she was 9 years old. She is Navajo, San Pueblo, and African American. Her uncle was a golf PGA Champion and played with Tiger Woods. He was a big inspiration for her. She joined a girls' soccer club near her mother's base when they moved to Virginia.
Making History 
Hammond made history when she subbed on to a game on September 26, 2020. She became the first Native American player to play in the NWSL. She was subbed on in the 76th minute of a game against Utah. Hammond played in 3 games during the fall season for a total of 105 minutes.

Journey 
Madison Hammond graduated from Wake Forester in 2019. She went undrafted and had a test run for a club in Spain. Hammond decided to do another tryout, this time with the club OL Reign. During the tryouts, the Covid-19 pandemic hit and shut down the league. She signed a 2-year contract right away once it started opening back up. In March, 2022, she was traded to Angel City, in Los Angeles, USA.
Inspiring Others 
Hammond wants to inspire young native girls. She wants other indigenous girls to try to play professional soccer, too. She realizes that she now has responsibility. She sees both positives and negatives from her achievement. She is happy that the league is starting to change and be more diverse. Hammond is also a little disappointed that it took till 2020 to have a Native American player.

References 

Living people
1997 births
Precious Brady-Davis (born 1986/1987) is an American author and transgender climate activist. She is also a LGBTQ+ activist. She is the most seen trans woman of color climate activist. She launched a 1.6 million dollar CDC HIV Prevention program at the Center on Halsted, an LGBTQ community center. There she was Mentor of LGBTQ+ teens. She wrote the best-selling book, I Have Always Been Me. Today, she is the director of communications at the Sierra Club. She and Myles Brady-Davis, her transmasculine husband, had a baby girl in 2019. The baby's birth certificate listed the Brady-Davis' proper genders.
Early life 
Brady-Davis was in foster care when she was a toddler. This was because of her mother’s mental health issues. At age five she moved in with her grandparents. In fourth grade her peers started being homophobic to her. In middle school it got worse. In public high school she started to explore her identity. In her sophomore year Brady Davis moved into a foster home. In college she came out as gay. She went to college in Chicago. There she made a name for herself as a performance artist. Many LGBTQ+ teens looked up to her for her inspirational story of resilience.

References 

1980s births
People from Nebraska
Living people
American activists
Dawn Michelle Staley (born May 4, 1970) is an American women's basketball coach and player.  She is a four-time Southeastern Conference (SEC) Coach of the Year winner and the 2020 Associated Press Coach of the Year. She was hired at University of South Carolina in the 2008-2009 season. Before, she had coached at Temple University. In 2017 they won the national title. She has five SEC regular titles and six league tournament crowns. She also coached the USA women's olympic basketball team at the Tokyo Olympics in 2020 where they won the gold medal.

Education 
Staley went to high school at Dobbins Tech High school. She led them to 3 league championships. She won high school player of the year as a senior. She decided to go to University of Virginia because she could play immediately and for their reputation for developing point guards. She was one of six children the first person in her family to go to college.
Career 
Staley was a basketball coach at Temple University. Her team at Temple won many games and got to play in the NCAA tournaments for eight years.

Staley came to coach at the University of South Carolina in the 2007-2008 season. The South Carolina women's basketball team was not very popular. Staley helped them win their first national championship in 2017. The team's really good season in 2020 was ended by the COVID-19 Pandemic.
In 2021, Staley signed a seven-year contract with the South Carolina Gamecocks. She earns a $1 million US base salary. She will also receive $1.9 million US every subsequent year which will grow by $100,000 every year. She can also get up to $680,000 in incentive bonuses. If Staley leaves without reason, she would pay the school 5 million. If the school fired her without reason, they would owe her 3 million dollars. Staley believes that the 22.4 million dollars will help equalize women's and men's pay in basketball. She is now the highest paid black women's basketball coach, and one of the highest paid basketball coaches. Staley also passed Louisiana State University coach Kim Mulkey making her the highest paid coach in the Southeastern Conference.

References
References 

Living people
1970 births
African-American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
American basketball players
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Al-Hurra lived in the early 1500’s. She managed to control the Western half of the Mediterranean for well over 30 years. She was born into a wealthy Muslim family. Her birth name was believed to be Aicha.  Her family was chased out of Granada to Morocco during the Spanish Reconquista.  She and her family then settled in Tetouán. Her first husband was the Sultan Al-Mandri.   She had herself immediately named governer of Tetouán, after he died. She was bestowed the title Al-Hurra. This was a symbol of respect and power.  She then married the King of Morocco. This was the only time in Islamic history a king traveled outside his country for his wedding. Spain and Portugal were worried about this. It seemed like a threat, as this alliance would be extremely strong. Iberians attacked Al-Hurra’s land. She became a pirate to defend her country and stop them.  She made an alliance with the dreaded pirate Barabarossa, or Red Beard. He used his fleet to ferry refugees away from the fighting
.  Al-Hurra terrorized Spanish and Portuguese ships. She became known and feared across the Mediterranean. She was known for taking hostages and being extremely merciless.  The Spanish feared her and prayed for a miracle. The Portuguese “prayed for God to allow them to see her hanged from a ship’s mast”. She was categorized as aggressive and bad-tempered. Al-Hurra became one of the richer pirates of her time. She still managed to maintain a consistent alliance with Red Beard. Her demise came after over 30 years of sailing.  Her son-in-law usurped her power and throne.  He also stole her wealth. She lived in her childhood home in Morocco until her death.  She died at age 75.  Sayyida Al-Hurra’s legacy lives on today. In European writing she is known as the fearsome Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean.
References 

Pirates
Moroccan people
1485 births
1561 deaths
The 2020 AFC Solidarity Cup was planned to be the 2nd AFC Solidarity Cup, a football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

On 10 September 2020, AFC announced that the tournament would be cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2019, it was rescheduled once more to March 2020.

Nepal were the previous champions.

Qualified teams
The tournament would have had 8 teams. The teams that could qualify were:
The six teams that lost the first round of the 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2023 AFC Asian Cup (same tournament) qualifiers.
The two teams that lost the play-off round of the 2023 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers.

References

Other websites
, the-AFC.com

AFC Solidarity Cup
Duke is the tenth studio album by English progressive rock band Genesis. The album was released on March 24, 1980 through Atlantic Records and was their first album to got to number 1 in the United Kingdom.

Track listing

References

1980 albums
Genesis albums
A Walk in the Sun is a 1945 American World War II drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and was based on the novel by Harry Brown. It stars Dana Andrews, John Ireland, Richard Conte, George Tyne, Lloyd Bridges, Norman Lloyd, Sterling Holloway, Herbert Rudley, Chris Drake, Richard Benedict and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 drama movies
1945 war movies
American war movies
1940s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
20th Century Fox movies
Early life 
Butler was born in 1973 to a Ghanan father and a mother from New Orleans. Her mother was raised in Morocco. Butler learned about quilting and fabric from her mother and grandmother.

Education 
Butler attended Howard University. She studied painting. Butler discovered that painting was not her favorite art.

She then got her graduate degree from Montclair State University in New Jersey. Her first quilted portrait was of her grandparents.

Career 
Butler's quilts are portraits of Black Americans. Butler finds old photographs and makes quilts based on them. She quilts both famous people and unknown people. She wants to tell the experience of Twentieth Century Black Americans.

Her quilts are very colorful. She uses colors to describe the personalities of the people she is quilting. Many of the fabrics Butler uses come from Ghana. The quilts are also very complex. Butler spends hundreds of hours to make one quilt.
Teacher 
Butler taught high school art in Elizabeth, New Jersey until 2018. Butler rejected an invitation to exhibit her quilts in Switzerland. She did not want to leave her students during their school year. She made quilts to sell at art fairs.

Professional artist 
While she was teaching Butler created her famous quilt: “Safety Patrol”. “Safety Patrol” was based on a photo by Charles “Teenie” Harris.

Butler sold quilts through the Claire Oliver Gallery in New York.

In 2018 Butler participated in art fairs which included Expo Chicago. For the Expo Chicago she made a special quilt titled “Southside Sunday Morning”. "Southside Sunday Morning" was based on Russell Lee's 1941 photograph called "Negro Boys on Easter Morning." Erica Warren, from the Art Institute of Chicago, saw Butler's quilts at the Expo Chicago. Warren decided to exhibit Butler's work at the Art Institute of Chicago Museum. Warren bought "Saftey Patrol."
Her first solo museum exhibit was the Katonah Museum of Art. It was supposed to open in early 2020. "Bisa Butler: Portraits" was postponed by the COVID-19 Pandemic. It finally opened on July 26, 2020. Most of the quilts for that exhibit were based on photos from the 1930s and 1940s.

"Bisa Butler: Portraits" moved to the Art Institute of Chicago in February, 2021. Her exhibit was extended to last until September 6th, 2021.

Influences 
Butler admires the work of Romare Bearden, Gordon Parks, Faith Ringgold, Barbara Jones Hogu, and the AfriCOBRA movement. Their art inspires her art.

Personal life 
Butler lives in New Jersey with her husband, John Butler. John Butler is a professional deejay. He helps Butler pick songs that go with her quilts. They have used songs from many musicians, including Tupac Shakur, Muddy Waters, Mahalia Jackson, and Jill Scott.

References 

Living people
Katy Pyle is an American Ballet dancer. As a child, Pyle was told they were too strong to dance as a girl. They also never met a lesbian ballet dancer. Pyle wants more people to feel welcome in dance. They want to help people find happiness in dance. They created the dance company Ballez. Ballez is a place for people who are underrepresented in ballet. They are also the creator and choreographer of Sleeping Beauty and the Beast, and Giselle of Loneliness.

Early life 
Pyle was a ballet student in 1990. They identify as a genderqueer lesbian. They use they/them pronouns. A Ballet teacher told them that they would have a better career if they were a boy. Because they wanted to dance in a way that was “more masculine.” Ballet is often divided by gender. Pyle felt a lack of representation. They felt confused about their identity.
Career 
Pyle researched queer ballet dancers. Pyle was inspired by the people they learned about. Bronislava Nijinska was a ballet choreographer. Nijinska created the ballet Les Bitches. Pyle felt happy and mad. They were happy because there were people like them. They were sad because these people were made invisible.

References 

Living people
Sarah Thomas ( Bailey; born September 21, 1973) is an American football referee for the National Football League (NFL). Thomas is the first woman to be a permanent NFL official. Thomas is breaking gender barriers around her career. Thomas was the first woman to officiate the Super Bowl. She refereed the Super Bowl in Tampa, Florida, in 2021.

Early Life 
Sarah Thomas was raised in Pascagoula Mississippi. She and her brother played sports. She received a scholarship for basketball at the University of Mobile. Thomas was recorded 5th best in the school for her excellence in basketball.  Her statistics over five seasons: 779 points, 411 rebounds, 108 assists, and 192 steals.  Thomas was titled Academic All-American at Mobile. She aided her team get to the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Tournament. Thomas got a degree in communications and graduated Mobile in 1995.
First Jobs 
Thomas was interested in becoming a Football official after college.  She went with her older brother to his officiating meeting. She started being an official for grade school, and then high schools in 1999. Thomas officiated a high school state championship game in Mississippi, 2007. Joe Henes, who is a retired official told Gerry Austin, a supervisor of Conference USA’s officials about Thomas and her ability to officiate.  Joe Henes recommended she start officiating college football. Austin looked into her skill set and hired Thomas. This made her the first woman to officiate a major college game.

She started working for the NFL in 2015.

Skills 
Thomas has good communication skills. She can talk to coaches. She listens to the coach when they are questioning the call. She calms them down. Coaches are confident about her abilities.

References 

Living people
1973 births
Football referees
Sportspeople from Mississippi
Gertrude Joyce Cran Barry (1900-1964) was a Scottish lacrosse and field hockey player who lived in the United States. She was inducted into the USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963. She was inducted into the Scotland Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2015. She was the founder of CRANBARRY Equipment Company. This was the United State’s first equipment company for women’s lacrosse. 

Barry came to the United States to teach at a field hockey camp in 1925. She then became a Physical Training Instructor at Wellesley College. Barry figured out that field hockey was bad for posture due to the form of the arched back, and that lacrosse is good for posture because players are running upright. This further promoted more women to play lacrosse.
In 1931, she became the United States Women's Lacrosse Association's (USWLA) first president. She held this role for four years. Barry helped organize the USWLA's first national tournament in 1933 in Greenwich, Connecticut. In 1947 she established CRANBARRY Equipment Company.  In 1950 she chaired the U.S. Team Selection Committee.

Joyce Cran Barry became the second woman inducted into the US Hall of Fame (besides Margaret Boyd) in 1993.  In 1934, a prediction was made by the leaders of New York Women’s Lacrosse Association that lacrosse would be more popular than field hockey.

References 

Lacrosse players
Cecilia Concepcion Alvarez is an American Latina artist.  Her work thinks about gender.

Born and raised 
Cecilia Alvarez was born April 15, 1950 in National City, California. Jeorge Guillermo Alvarez and Cecilia Alejandra Diego de Alvarez are her parents. Alvarez grew up on the San Diego-Tijuana border. She moved to Canada, and then to Seattle in 1975.

Education 
Alvarez attended San Diego State University. She studied sociology.  Alvarez later quit university to support her family.

Career 
Alvarez is a self taught artist. She makes paintings and public murals. She is part of The Guerrilla Girls art group.

Message behind her art 
Alvarez expresses her life experiences through her art. She brings light to silenced voices, she highlights journeys that others overlook. Her art redefines femininity, beauty, and power. She aims to help youth understand the complex topics of our world. Alvarez celebrates her culture and femininity in her art.  Her artwork provokes visual conversations.

References
References 

American painters
Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte (1865-1915) was the first Native American woman to go to medical school in the United States of America. She graduated as a very skilled doctor and valedictorian of her class, but her rights were still restricted.

La Flesche grew up with seven other siblings, her mother, and her father. Her father was a very important figure in her life and inspired her to be more than what she looked like, and to strive for the best. She decided she wanted to be a doctor after a lady died in front of her because a white man didn’t check on her. This made her want to become a doctor and help fight the racial inequalities this world was made out of.

She went to a med school for women in Pennsylvania and graduated very successfully. She was not allowed to vote being a woman and was not allowed to become a US citizen being an Indian. In Addition, Indians were lower class than whites.