Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Max Born (11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German-British physicist and mathematician who was important in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of important physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born became a British subject in 1939. He won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics.

He was of Jewish descent.

Born's descendants include his grandaughter Olivia Newton-John and his great-granddaughter Chloe Rose Lattanzi.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 American Institute of Physics History Search: Max Born 
 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Max Born - full article
 Annotated bibliography for Max Born from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues 
 Freeview video of Gustav Born (son of Max) with conversation and film on Gustav's memories of his father by the Vega Science Trust
 Max Born’s Life 
 Max Born information from Nobel Winners site
 Nobel Laureate biography 
 Papers of Professor Max Born (1882-1970) Held at the Edinburgh University Library, Special Collections Division
 Recollections of Max Born, by Emil Wolf, in  Astrophysics and Space Science, Volume 227, Numbers 1-2. (Biographical tribute)
 Kuhn, Thomas S., John L. Heilbron, Paul Forman, and Lini Allen Sources for History of Quantum Physics  (American Philosophical Society, 1967)
1882 births
1970 deaths
British mathematicians
British Nobel Prize winners
German mathematicians
German physicists
Jewish British academics
Jewish British scientists
Jewish German academics
Jewish German scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
British nuclear physicists
People from former German territories
People from Wrocław
Refugees from Nazism
British theoretical physicists
German Nobel Prize winners
The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is a branch of the United Nations General Assembly. UNOOSA creates, maintains and carries out the General Assembly's rules about space.

The building for UNOOSA is located in the United Nations Office in Vienna in Austria.

UNOOSA operates the Programme on Space Applications and maintains a list of objects sent into space - the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space. UNOOSA also helps developing nations develop space technology to help their economies.

Other websites 
 United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
 International Space Law
 United Nations Treaties and Principles on Space Law

United Nations
Spaceflight
Craig Cameron Mello (born October 18, 1960) is an American biologist and Professor of Molecular Medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Fire for the discovery of RNA interference. Mello has been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 2000.

Family life 
Mello was born in New Haven, Connecticut on October 18 1960. He was the third child of James and Sally Mello. His father, James Mello, was a paleontologist and his mother, Sally Mello, was an artist. His fathers parents moved to the US from the Portuguese islands of Azores. His parents met while at the Brown University and were the first children in their families to go to college. James Mello was awarded his PhD in paleontology from Yale University in 1962. The Mello family moved to Falls Church in northern Virginia so that James could take a job with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in Washington, DC.
Education 
After he got his high school diploma, Mello went to Brown University, where he studied biochemistry and molecular biology. After finishing his studies at Brown, Mello went to Boulder, Colorado for more studies, and then to Harvard University. He was awarded his PhD at Harvard in 1990.

Nobel prize
In 2006, Mello and Fire were awarded the Nobel Prize for work published in 1998. The paper reports that tiny snippets of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effectively shut down specific genes, and so caused the destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA) with sequences matching the dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA cannot be translated into protein.

Fire and Mello found that dsRNA was much more effective in gene silencing than the previously described method of RNA interference with single-stranded RNA. Because only small numbers of dsRNA molecules were required for the observed effect, Fire and Mello proposed that a catalytic process was involved. This hypothesis was confirmed by later research.
The Nobel Prize citation, issued by Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said: "This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of genetic information". The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Nick Hastie, director of the Medical Research Council's Human Genetics Unit, on the scope and implications of the research:

"It is very unusual for a piece of work to completely revolutionise the whole way we think about biological processes and regulation, but this has opened up a whole new field in biology".
Awards and honors
By year of award:
 Co-recipient (with Andrew Fire) of National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology in 2003.
 Co-recipient (with Andrew Fire, Thomas Tuschl and David Baulcombe) of the Wiley Prize in the Biomedical Sciences from Rockefeller University in 2003.
 Elected member National Academy of Sciences in 2005.
 Co-recipient (with Victor Ambros, Andrew Fire and Gary Ruvkun)  of Brandeis University's Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Medical Research in 2005.
 Co-recipient (with Andrew Fire) of the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2005.
 Co-recipient (with Andrew Fire and David Baulcombe) of Massry Prize in 2005.
 Co-recipient (with Andrew Fire) of the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 2006.
 Inaugural recipient of The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research by Johnson & Johnson in 2006.
 Co-recipient (with Andrew Fire) of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006.
Recipient of an honorary doctorate by Brown University in 2007. He gave the keynote Baccalaureate Address at Commencement ceremonies.
References

Other websites 
 Nobel Prize information
 Nobel announcement from Stanford University 
 Nobel announcement from the University of Massachusetts 
 US Patent 6506559 Genetic inhibition by double-stranded RNA (patent) 
 Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans , in Nature, via University of Massachusetts

1960 births
Living people
Academics from Massachusetts
American biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Yale University alumni
Educators from New Haven, Connecticut
"The Vicar of Bray" is a satirical song about the career of the Vicar of Bray and how he changes his principles so that he can keep his job in a changing world. Changes are taking place in the state religion through the course of several English monarchs.
History of England
Berkshire

18th-century songs
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (12 January 1918  5 February 2008) was an Indian guru (a teacher of spirituality). He was most famous for his development of Transcendental Meditation. He also was well known for his association with the rock bands, The Beatles and The Beach Boys.
Early life
His birth name was either  Mahesh Verma Shrivastava or Mahesh Prasad Varma. His parents were Hindus from the.
He was born in Raipur, India. He graduated from Allahabad University in Uttar Pradesh, and began his career as a physicist. His physics work made him interested in the sound vibrations made by spoken syllables, and how those vibrations could change a person's body or consciousness. In time, he became a disciple of Swami Brahmananda Saraswati, who was called "Guru Dev". He later became the swami's secretary. He could not become the swami's , because of India's caste system, but he could become a guru on his own. Guru Dev gave him the name "Bal Brahmachari Mahesh". Later he adopted the name Maharishi ("great teacher"), while "yogi" was a name given to teachers of yoga.
Transcendental Meditation
Transcendental Meditation (sometimes shortened to "TM") grew out of Guru Dev's teachings, and the Maharishi's own physics studies. A person practices Transcendental Meditation by sitting quietly, and mentally repeating a "", of syllables or names considered  or holy in Hinduism. In Transcendental Meditation, the sounds are used purely as sounds independent of any associated meanings in any language. Meditating helps a person to relax, and to concentrate on important things. During this meditation a person transcends conscious thought to a quieter state of mind, and this gives the technique its name.
The Maharishi began what he called the "Spiritual  Movement" in 1958. He traveled around the world, teaching Transcendental Meditation to ordinary people. Unlike many gurus, he did not require followers to give up their everyday lives, or move to an  to live and study. He believed that helping people to relieve stress and learn how to focus would improve their lives, and in time make a better world. He taught for nearly ten years, with little public notice. He also published a book, The Science of Being and the Art of Living, and recorded a spoken-word album, that explained his beliefs.
The Beatles
During 1967, during the last months of his ten-year "world tour", he visited England, and people there began to join his Spiritual Regeneration Movement. One person who joined was Pattie Boyd, the wife of George Harrison, who was a member of The Beatles. Harrison had learned to play the sitar, an Indian musical instrument, and was interested in Hinduism. He had not found a guru whose teachings interested him. When Pattie told him about the Maharishi, he became interested, and all four Beatles went to a lecture given by the Maharishi. They sent a message to him, asking to meet in person. All of the Beatles were interested in TM, because it was simple and they could continue on as musicians, instead of having to change their lifestyle. They each joined the movement, and began to promote the Maharishi and his teachings. They even announced that they gave up the use of drugs, which had earlier caused  for the band, because of what they learned.
Brian Epstein, manager of the Beatles, was also interested in TM, but had many problems in his personal life. He decided not to join the Beatles when they traveled to Wales to attend a weekend class given by the Maharishi, and stayed home. Later that weekend, Epstein overdosed on sleeping pills, and died in his sleep. The Beatles were very hurt by the news, and worried about what would happen to their careers. Maharishi tried to comfort them, telling them to think happy thoughts about Epstein, and let his spirit find peace.

The Beatles wanted to study with the Maharishi in India. They had just started their own company, Apple Corps, and with Epstein gone they had to work out many details for themselves. They could have found another manager, but decided they did not want one, and looked after Apple personally, until their helpers could take over running the company. Finally in early 1968, they made the trip to India.
The Beatles enjoyed the atmosphere in India, and the free time they had between classes, and began to write songs for a new album, which was later called the "White Album". One by one the Beatles lost interest. Ringo Starr, who had a sensitive stomach, became sick from the spicy food served at the ashram, and headed home after just a few days. Paul McCartney in time became bored, and also headed home. George Harrison and John Lennon stayed longer, but were upset when "Magic Alex", a friend who came to India with them, began to tell them stories about the Maharishi trying to have sexual intercourse with some of the women who came to the ashram. This  Harrison and Lennon, and they went home the next day.
The Beatles were earlier interested in making a movie about the Maharishi and his work. When they began to talk with him about it, he surprised them by knowing more about business matters than they ever expected, and by asking questions about his share of the movie's profits. They did not think a "holy man" would be interested in such things. Between this and Magic Alex's stories, the band decided the Maharishi was a . They publicly  him, telling the media they thought he was something other than what he proved to be. Lennon wrote a song about him, whose words went "Maharishi, what have you done? You made a fool of everyone." He later changed the name "Maharishi" to "Sexy Sadie", to keep the Maharishi from seeking revenge of some kind, or a lawsuit, against him.
Years later, the Beatles realized Magic Alex's  were false. McCartney and Harrison began again to say good things about the Maharishi, and to promote his work. Starr called him "one of the  I met in my life." Lennon never forgave Maharishi for letting him down personally, but still used TM from time to time. Lennon realized that he had been looking for a , and that any father figure he found was going to let him down in the end, so he was better off to work out his own problems.
Later life and career
The Beatles were not the only celebrities to get involved with the Maharishi and his work. Actress Mia Farrow, folk-rocker Donovan and Mike Love of the Beach Boys also studied with the Maharishi in India, and the Beach Boys later promoted TM, much more than the Beatles ever had. They toured together with the Maharishi, and Mike Love insisted people who worked for them meditate daily. The association did not work well for the Beach Boys, and an album they recorded at a school started by the Maharishi sold poorly. In time most of the Beach Boys lost interest, but Love continued to promote the Maharishi and his works.

Magician Doug Henning also became a follower of Transcendental Meditation. He campaigned to open a theme park called "Vedaland", based on Hinduism and the Maharishi's teachings. after his death, Doug Henning's widow continued the campaign.
Scientists studied people who meditated, and learned that TM really did help them to relax, and to think more clearly. A few  Christian ministers and writers denounced TM, calling it "a  into Eastern religions", and said that mantras were really a way of invoking the Devil or demons. Other Christians saw no harm in it, or encouraged people who wanted to meditate to instead chant the name of Jesus Christ, or a name for God, or a line from a psalm or Christian prayer. In any case, TM went on to help many people around the world, and it is still taught as a form of meditation.

Retirement
The Maharishi continued his teachings and work, later promoting the "Maharishi Technology of the " and other ideas. In time, he gave up his ashram in India, moving to The Netherlands in Europe. He announced his retirement in January 2008, only weeks before he died from natural causes.

References
References

 The Science of Being and the Art of Living, by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (Signet Books)
 The Love You Make: an insider's story of the Beatles, by Peter Brown (McGraw-Hill)
 The Beach Boys, by Byron Preiss

1918 births
2008 deaths
New religious movements
Spiritual teachers
Bristol City F.C. are an English football club. They are based in the city of Bristol. They play at Ashton Gate Stadium. They were formed in 1894.

League position

Former position 

English football clubs
1894 establishments in the United Kingdom
Chesterfield F.C. are an English football club. They started in 1867 and are based in Chesterfield in the county of Derbyshire. They play at a stadium called the Recreation Ground.

League position

Former position 

English football clubs
1867 establishments in England
Doncaster Rovers F.C. are an English football club.  They started in 1879 and play their home games at a stadium called Keepmoat Stadium.

League position

Former position

English football clubs
1879 establishments in England
Huddersfield Town F.C. are an English football club.  They started in 1908 and are based in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire.  The club plays their home games at a stadium called the Kirklees Stadium.

League position

Former position

References 

English football clubs
Huddersfield
1908 establishments in England
Organisations based in West Yorkshire
In Hinduism and Buddhism, Sanskaras are the faint memories left on your mind by experiences you had in your present life or in past lives. Sanskaras change how you look at things in the future and how you act.

Hinduism
Buddhist terminology
Supernanny is a British and American television program about a nanny, or babysitter, named Jo Frost who helps parents in taking care of their often disruptive or ill-behaved children. The UK version ran from 2004 to 2012. The US version ran from 2005 to 2011. 
Jo no longer does Supernanny as she has moved on to similar shows helping families.

2004 British television series debuts
2005 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
2012 British television series endings
2000s American television series
2000s British television series
2010s American television series
2010s British television series
American reality television series
Channel 4 reality television programmes
English-language television programs
A computer keyboard is an input device that allows a person to enter letters, numbers, and other symbols (together, these are called characters) into a computer. It is one of the most used input devices for computers. Using a keyboard is often called typing.

A keyboard contains many mechanical switches or push-buttons called "keys". When one of these is pushed, an electrical circuit is closed, and the keyboard sends a signal to the computer that tells it what letter, number, or symbol it would like to be shown on the screen. The computer then shows the character on the screen, usually at the place where the flashing text cursor is.
Besides entering characters, computer keyboards also have special keys that change the symbol (such as shift or caps lock or give the computer special commands (such as the arrow keys, CTRL and ALT). Different computer operating system use different special keys or use them differently. Special commands can also be activated through combinations of keys, called keyboard shortcuts. Some of the most common shortcuts on Windows programs are: Ctrl + C, to copy some text or a picture; Ctrl + V, to paste what was copied; and Ctrl + F, to find a certain word on a document or web page.

A keyboard can be joined to a computer using a wire, but can also be wireless (like those that use Bluetooth). Most wired 21st-century keyboards connect to a USB socket on the computer, but older ones use a round, purple DIN connector.

Types
Types 

There are different types of keyboards. They can be based on the way the keys work; for example, laptops have keys that do not move a lot, because the keyboard has to be very thin in order to fit inside the laptop. On the other hand, video game players often like keyboards with keys that move a lot, so that they feel the key working. Gaming keyboards also need fast reaction times. In between these two types, an ergonomic keyboard is made to be easier for people to type for long periods of time, without hurting their hands or arms.
There are also different ways the keys on a keyboard are arranged, usually to deal with different regions and languages of the world.  Most computer keyboards have the keys in six rows, but some laptops use only five or even four rows to save space. The most popular layout is called QWERTY, which is based on the first six letters on them. The QWERTY design was made so that the most common letters would not make the moving parts of a mechanical typewriter "jam", or stop working. Now, even though most people do not use typewriters anymore, the design stayed because people were used to it. Other layouts have been developed, for example the Dvorak keyboard, which puts the most common letters in the places that are easiest to reach.
Risks 
Keystroke logging is making a record of each key that is pressed.  Keystroke logging can be used to measure employee activity.  Hackers can also use keystroke logging to get private information, such as passwords.  This can be done by putting a piece of hardware in the keyboard or on the cable, or by installing malware in the computer.  A wireless keyboard makes it especially easy for the hacker to detect the wireless signals.
The use of any keyboard may cause repetitive strain injury to the hands, wrists, arms, neck or back.  The risks of injuries can be reduced by taking frequent, short breaks to get up and walk around, a couple of times every hour. Users should also vary tasks throughout the day, to avoid overuse of the hands and wrists. When using a keyboard, a person should keep the shoulders relaxed with the elbows at the side, with the keyboard and mouse positioned so that they are comfortable to use. The chair height and keyboard should be adjusted so that the wrists are straight, and not resting on sharp edges of tables or the computers themselves. Some technology ranging from special keyboards to pen-tablet interfaces or speech recognition software can reduce the risk of injury. Pause software reminds the user to pause frequently.

Researchers are studying if keyboards can spread diseases.  Some keyboards were found to contain five times more germs than a toilet seat.

Related pages
Related pages 

Computer mouse
QWERTY
Dvorak (keyboard layout)

References

 
Writing tools
The term rhythm guitar refers to the style of playing guitar chords, and sometimes playing repeated riffs instead of using the guitar to play melody lines or solos (this kind of playing is called lead guitar). Rhythm guitarists add to the sound of a band, whether they play rock and roll, or other kinds of music.

John Lennon of The Beatles usually played rhythm guitar for the band, with George Harrison playing lead guitar. However, Lennon sometimes played keyboards, and once in a while took the lead guitar role, as he did in the songs "You Can't Do That" and "Get Back".

Sheet music for rhythm guitar is usually written above the classical notes. It is written in Guitar chord format.

References 

String instruments
The Book of Revelation, which is sometimes called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John, or Revelation of Jesus Christ is the last book of the New Testament in the Bible.

Title 

The last book of the New Testament is usually called the Book of Revelation or simply Revelation. While some of the earliest manuscripts are entitled "The Revelation of John" (), later manuscripts are usually entitled "The Revelation of the Theologian" (). For this reason, the Authorized King James Version calls Revelation the Revelation of Saint John the Divine (divine was a seventeenth century word for theologian.)

In Greek, the word apocalypse means revealing or unveiling.

Introduction 

Over the course of Revelation, which many regard as the most difficult book in the Bible, the author has two visions. There are many different ways to interpret these visions, and there has been substantial disagreement over which is right.

Authorship
Authorship

The person writing Revelation, who called himself "John", claims he was on the island of Patmos in the Aegean Sea when he saw his first vision. But there is disagreement over whether he is the same person as the Bible's other two Johns: the author of the letters of John and the author of The Gospel of John.

Content

Revelation begins by introducing John as its author, and has letters to seven churches of that day. Some think these churches also represent periods of history. Various visions follow that are highly symbolic, allow many different interpretations, and are often thought to represent past and future events. Some believe that many of these prophecies have already been fulfilled, some believe they will be fulfilled at the end of time, and some believe they do not refer to any specific events but instead describe the victory of Christ over all enemies.
Parts of the book seem to use symbols and codes in order to hide their meaning from outsiders, including the mysterious "number of the beast," or 666. The book ends with a vision of faithful souls in the next life rejoicing around the throne of God. 

Christians often discuss topics from the book of Revelation, including the Millennium, a 1000-year period when Christ will rule the earth. Revelation also describes a final war between good and evil known as the Battle of Armageddon, though the word "Armageddon" is also sometimes used to describe any large war that ends the world. Both of these events are thought to be literal by some and figurative by others. While virtually all Christians agree that there will be a Second Coming of Christ, it is the subject of conflicting accounts in Revelation and therefore much disagreement about its details.
Throughout history, Revelation has been especially important to Christians who were suffering persecution and felt parts of the book could have been referring to them.  Some verses that mention the afterlife have also traditionally been used at funerals.

Related pages
 Apocalypse
 Eschatology
Number of the Beast
 Rapture
 The Grapes of Wrath

References 

Relevation
Christian eschatology
Keyboard may mean:

 Keyboard (computer), a device that allows a person to enter information into a computer
 Keyboard instrument, a musical instrument that uses a keyboard
Theodor Fontane (; 30 December 1819 – 20 September 1898) was a German novelist and poet, regarded by many to be the most important 19th-century German-language realist writer.

Youth 
Fontane was born in Neuruppin into a Huguenot family. At the age of sixteen he became apprentice in a pharmacy and then a pharmacist himself (like his father). In 1839, at the age of 20, wrote his first work (Heinrichs IV. erste Liebe, now lost). His first published work, the novella Geschwisterliebe (or "Sibling Love"), appeared in the Berlin Figaro in December 1839.
His first job as apothecary was in Dresden after which he returned to his father's shop, now in the provincial town of Letschin in the Oderbruch region. In this time Fontane published articles in the Leipzig newspaper Die Eisenbahn (railway) and translated Shakespeare. In 1843, he joined a literary club called Tunnel über der Spree (i.e. Tunnel over the river Spree) in Berlin where he came into contact with many of the most important German writers such as Theodor Storm, Joseph von Eichendorff and Gottfried Keller.

Newspaper writer and critic 
 
In 1844 Fontane enrolled in the Prussian army and set out on the first of many journeys to England. There he learned about old English ballads. Soon afterwards he wrote ballads himself. At that time he became engaged to his future wife, Emilie Rouanet-Kummer, whom he had first met when still at school.
He was - very short - enganged in the revolutionary events of the revolution of 1848. In 1849 he quit his job as an apothecary and became a full-time journalist and writer. In order to support his family he took a job as a writer for the Prussian intelligence agency Centralstelle für Preßangelegenheiten which was meant to influence the press towards a  German national cause. Again he specialised in British affairs, and the agency sent him as correspondent to London for a couple of years. His wife and two sons followed him there. While still in London he quit his government job and, on his return to Berlin, became editor of the conservative Kreuzzeitung (newspaper).
London 
His books about Britain include Ein Sommer in London (1854); Aus England, Studien und Briefe (1860) and Jenseits des Tweed, Bilder und Briefe aus Schottland (1860). At the period, and following the fashion of Walter Scott, traditional British stories were still en vogue on the continent. His Gedichte (1851) and ballads Männer und Helden (1860) tell of Britain's glories in days gone by.

Back in Germany, Fontane became particularly interested in the Mark Brandenburg region. He was especially proud of its past achievements and delighted in the growth of its capital city, Berlin. His fascination with the countryside surrounding Berlin may be seen in his delightfully picturesque Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg (1862-1882, 5 vols.).
Prussian War 
In 1870, he quit his job at the Kreuzzeitung and became theater critic for the liberal Vossische Zeitung (newspaper). This job he kept until retirement. He had already written about  Prussia's war against Denmark and the Austro-Prussian War. Then he went to write about the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 and was taken prisoner. He remained in French captivity for three months. His experiences there are set down in Kriegsgefangen Erlebtes 1870 (1871); subsequently he published his observations on the campaign in Der Krieg gegen Frankreich 1870-71 (1874-1876).
Later years 
At the ripe age of 57 Fontane finally took to what he would be remembered for, the novel. His fine historical novel Vor dem Sturm (1878) was followed by a series of novels of modern life, notably L'Adultera (1882), a book about adultery which was considered so risqué that it took Fontane two years to find a publisher. In his novels Frau Jenny Treibel, Irrungen, Wirrungen, and Effi Briest (1894), he found his very own tone, he wrote about insights into the lives of the nobility as well as the "common man"; his achievement there was later described as poetic realism. In  Der Stechlin (1899), his last finished novel, Fontane adapted the realistic methods and social criticism of contemporary French fiction to the conditions of Prussian life.
Works 
 Geschwisterliebe, 1839
 Zwei Post-Stationen, 1845
 James Monmouth, 1854
 Tuch und Locke, 1854
 Goldene Hochzeit, 1854
 Vor dem Sturm, 1878
 Grete Minde, 1880
 Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg, 1880
 Elternklipp, 1881
 L'Adultera, 1882
 Schach von Wuthenow, 1882
 Graf Petöfy, 1884
 Unterm Birnbaum, 1885
 Cécile, 1887
 Irrungen, Wirrungen, 1888
 Stine, 1890
 Quitt, 1891
 Unwiederbringlich, 1891
 Frau Jenny Treibel, 1892
 Meine Kinderjahre, 1894
 Effi Briest, 1896
 Die Poggenpuhls, 1896
 Der Stechlin, 1899
 Mathilde Möhring, 1906

Poems 
 Archibald Douglas
 Die Brück' am Tay
 John Maynard
 Herr von Ribbeck auf Ribbeck im Havelland
 Aber es bleibt auf dem alten Fleck
 Ausgang
 Gorm Grymme

 References 

 Craig, Gordon Theodor Fontane : Literature and History in the Bismarck Reich, New York : Oxford University Press, 1999 .
See Thomas Mann's 1910 essay, "The Old Fontane," in Essays of Three Decades (Knopf, 1947). Very fine.

 Other websites
Other websites 

  Trials and Tribulations, one of Fontane's works
  
  Works by Theodor Fontane at Zeno.org
 Collection of links This article includes material adapted from  Fontane's biography ''

1819 births
1898 deaths
German poets
Writers from Brandenburg
Pharmacists
Pachelbel's Canon (also known as Canon in D major or just Canon in D) is the most famous piece of music by Johann Pachelbel. It was written in or around the time period of  1680, as a piece of chamber music for three violins and basso continuo, but it has been arranged for many other instruments since then.   It is well known for its chord progression.

Pachelbel's Canon is often played at weddings.

Listen 
This is Pachelbel's Canon played on a piano:

Chamber music compositions
Damme is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders, six kilometres northeast of Brugge (Bruges). It is made up of the city of Damme proper and the towns of Hoeke, Lapscheure, Moerkerke, Oostkerke, Sijsele, Vivenkapelle, and Sint-Rita.

In 2007, 10853 people lived there.

It is at 51° 15 North, 03° 17 East.

References 

Municipalities of West Flanders
A hit record is a recording (either a single or an album) that becomes very popular, through large sales of copies, repeated airplay on the radio. or presence in the media. One aspect usually promotes one or more of the others.

The Beatles, Elvis Presley, The Eagles and Michael Jackson all had many hit records. They are among the biggest-selling musical acts of all time. Not every recording artist has a hit record. Many artists and groups lose their recording contracts, if their records do not become hits.

Not all hit records feature music. Some spoken word records also become hits, including comedy recordings. Bill Cosby, George Carlin, and Cheech & Chong are comedians who have all had hit records. A recording of speeches by the late American President John F. Kennedy became one of the biggest-selling albums of the 1960s.

References

Music industry
The Pauline epistles are the fourteen New Testament books which most Christians think were written by the Apostle Paul. Some of them are the earliest Christian documents. They show many of the beliefs and controversies of Christianity. Many Christians think these letters are very important for theology and ethics.

The First Timothy, Second Timothy, and Titus are sometimes known as the pastoral epistles.

In the order they appear in the New Testament, the Pauline epistles are:
Romans
First Corinthians
Second Corinthians
Galatians
Epistle to the Ephesians
Epistle to the Philippians
Epistle to the Colossians
First Thessalonians
Second Thessalonians
First Timothy
Second Timothy
Titus
Philemon

Notes
Viljandi (, ) is a town and municipality in southern Estonia. As of 2012, 19,150 people lived there. It is the capital of Viljandi County. The town was first mentioned in 1283, after being given its town charter by Villekinus de Endorpe.

Settlements in Estonia
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God is famous sermon that was preached by Jonathan Edwards in 1741. He was an important Calvinist minister. The sermon is often used in American high schools and college English classes as an example of the Puritan writings.

Edwards taught the sermon many times. The first time was in Northampton, Massachusetts, but it did not get much attention. But on the second time in Enfield, Connecticut, it made many people weep, swoon, cry out, and have convulsions.

Deuteronomy 32:35 says, "Their foot shall slide in due time." That verse was the main focus of the beginning of the sermon. As was normal in 18th century New England, the sermon was printed and many copies were made. It has proven to be the main reason of his theology and preaching that was taught by many people in the first Great Awakening.

Other websites 

Original Sermon

Speeches
Puritanism
1741
In science, a physical constant is a number (physical quantity) that does not change. This is different from a mathematical constant, which is not based on a real measurement.

There are many physical constants in science. Some famous ones are the speed of light, Planck's constant, the gravitational constant, and Avogadro's number.

Some scientists think that physical constants may decrease as the universe gets older. There has been no evidence to support this yet.

Constants that do not have units (like length or speed) are called fundamental physical constants.

Some believe that if the physical constants were different, there would be no life in the universe. They say that the universe seems to be fine-tuned for intelligent life.

Table of physical constants

Related pages
 physical law

Physical quantity
Physical constants
Basic physics ideas
Cookstown is a small town in Northern Ireland which is in the United Kingdom. 10646 people live in the town. The main street in Cookstown is the longest and widest in Ireland.

Population facts
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found out that there were 10,646 people living in Cookstown. They also found that:
 26.0% of the people were less than 16 years old and 15.6% were over 60 years old
 49.7% of the people were males and 50.3% were females
 52.8% were from a Roman Catholic background and 45.1% were from a Protestant background
 3.9% of people aged from 16 to 74 had no job.

References

County Tyrone
County towns in Northern Ireland
Dungannon is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom.

Population facts 
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found that were 11,139 people living in Dungannon. Of these:
24.0% were under 16 years old and 17.8% were over 60 years old
47.4% of the people were male and 52.7% were female
57.6% were from a Roman Catholic background and 40.3% were from a Protestant background
3.7% of people aged 16-74 had no job.

References

Other websites 

Towns in Northern Ireland
Coagh is a village in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom.

Population facts
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found that there were 545 people living in Coagh. They also found that:
 20.9% of people in Coagh were under 16 years old and 20.4% were over 60 years old
 48.3% were male and 51.7% were female
 26.4% were from a Roman Catholic background and 72.8% were from a Protestant background
 2.3% of people aged 16–74 had no job.

References

Villages in Northern Ireland
Stewartstown is a village in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom. It is 5 miles from Cookstown and 7 miles from Dungannon.

Population facts
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found that there were 608 people living in Stewartstown. They also found that:
25.3% of people in Stewartstown were over 16 years old and 14.8% were over 60 years old
46.7% were male and 53.3% were female
72.9% were from a Roman Catholic background and 26.2% were from a Protestant background
5.1% of people aged 16–74 were no job

References

Villages in Northern Ireland
Ballymena is a town in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom. The actor Liam Neeson and the politician and church minister Ian Paisley used to live in the town.

Population facts 
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found that there were 28,717 people living in Ballymena. They also found that:
21.6% of people living in Ballymena were over 16 years old and 19.6% were over 60 years old
47.5% were male and 52.5% were female
24.2% were from a Roman Catholic background and 72.2% were from a Protestant background.
3.9% of people aged from 16 to 74 had no job.

References 

Towns in Northern Ireland
Settlements in County Antrim
The Society of St. John the Evangelist is an Anglican order. The monks make a vow: They say they want to live in poverty and that they will not marry anyone. The order was founded by Father Richard Meux Benson, an Anglican priest in 1866. Because they were founded in Cowley, near Oxford in England they are also known as the Cowley fathers. 

It has two branches, the original one in England, and one in the United States. The house in the United States was founded around the year 1874. The American branch of the society has 2 houses for their monks. Today, there are monasteries in Scotland, India, South Africa, Japan, and Canada. 

The monks live under The Rule of the Society of Saint John the Evangelist. The monks spend a lot of time in prayer and they also go on missions. They are one of the first monasteries founded after the Protestant Reformation.
The Fellowship of Saint John
The fellowship of the Society of St.John the Evangelist is a group of people who want to live there lives in close a relation with the monks at the society. They give money to the society and pray for the monks there. They make a rule of life that is similar to The Rule of the Society of St.John the Evangelist. There are about 1,000 men and woman who are apart of the fellowship. One of the most famous members is Frank Griswold.

Anglicanism
Christian religious orders
Magherafelt is a small town in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom.

Population facts
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found that there were 8,372 people living in Magherafelt. They also found that:
27.1% of people living in Magherafelt were less than 16 years old and 13.7% were over 60 years old
48.7% were male and 51.3% were female
56.2% were from a Roman Catholic background and 41.8% were from a Protestant background

References

Other websites 

Towns in Northern Ireland

ro:Magherafelt
A constituent country is a type of country which serves as an administrative division. Constituent countries usually form together to make a larger sovereign country (such as the United Kingdom, a sovereign territory made up of four countries). Unlike federal countries, power between constituent countries may not be spread out evenly, with one of them usually holding the capital and government.

United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is a sovereign country made of four constituent countries. They are (in order of size) England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. While all four are often referred to as countries, they are technically constituent countries within a sovereign country; UK. They are also sometimes referred to as regions, provinces, nations, or statelets. However, these titles are problematic and in particular, sensitive in Northern Ireland.
England is the largest and most populous country of the United Kingdom. Unlike the other three, it does not have its own government and is directly administered by the UK Parliament, which is mostly made up of English politicians. The capital of England (London) also serves as the UK capital. The King of the UK also primarily lives in England. England united with Wales in 1277. It later united with Scotland in 1707 and Ireland in 1803.
  Scotland is the second largest and second most populous of the four UK countries. It has representation in the UK Parliament as well as having its own legislature, located in Edinburgh. Scotland arguably has the most autonomy out of the four countries. As well as being part of the UK, Scotland has its own distinct culture and language. Scotland and England united in 1707.
Wales is the third largest country by population and size and it borders England. The Welsh Parliament is the devolved assembly which governs Wales. The capital is Cardiff. Like Scotland, Wales has kept its distinct culture and language as part of its institutions.
  Northern Ireland is the smallest country by area and population. It has been described by different sources as a country, region or province. The capital is Belfast and the legislature is the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Kingdom of the Netherlands
The Kingdom of the Netherlands is made of 4 constituent countries. They are the Netherlands proper, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten all in the Caribbean.  The countries of the Kingdom all have high degrees of autonomy, with the European Netherlands only retaining power for defence and international relations. Everyone born in the Kingdom has Dutch nationality.

Earlier (before 10 October 2010) it had 3 constituent countries: the Netherlands proper, Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles. Before 1975 Suriname was part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The Netherlands is the largest country in the Kingdom by size and population. It shares its name with the Kingdom of the Netherlands due to being the oldest part. The capital is Amsterdam but most government buildings are in the Hague.
  Curaçao is the second largest by population. It is an island in the Caribbean. The capital is Willemstad. The official languages are English, Dutch and Papiamento.
  Aruba is the third largest by population. It is also a Caribbean island. The capital is Oranjestad.
  Sint Maarten is the smallest by population and size. It is located on half of the Caribbean island Saint Martin, the other half being a territory of France. This means that Sint Maarten's border with France is the only Dutch-French border. The capital is Philipsburg.
Kingdom of Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark is a sovereign state in Scandinavia, located in Europe. Denmark is made up of three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. Similar to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the countries of the Danish Kingdom are highly autonomous. Denmark retains powers for international representation and defence. 

  Denmark is the largest country by population out of the Kingdom's three countries. It shares its name with the Kingdom due to being the sole original part of it. The capital, Copenhagen is located here and directly administers Denmark.
  Greenland is the largest of the three countries by size. The capital is Nuuk. It is located in the North American continent.
  The Faroe Islands is the smallest by area. The capital is Tórshavn.

China
In China there are two special administrative regions which are sometimes referred to as countries.
Other relationships 
Countries may be held (usually by force) as part of a larger country or federation of countries. An example of this was the Soviet Union, which held various countries in eastern Europe by force for up to 70 years.

Many dependent territories exist. They tend to be small countries or islands which larger countries have "collected" in the course of their history. For example, Niue is considered to be a country even though its sovereignty belongs to New Zealand. 

The Channel Islands are not part of the United Kingdom, but are "Crown Dependencies". Sometimes people refer to the Crown Dependencies as countries.

References 

Countries
Leyton Orient F.C. are an English football club.  They started in 1881 and are based in Leyton, London.  Their nickname is "The O's" and they play their home games at a stadium called Brisbane Road.

Name
1881-1946 Clapton Orient F.C.
1946-1966 Leyton Orient F.C.
1966-1987 Orient F.C.
1987-present Leyton Orient F.C.

League position

Former position

English football clubs
1881 establishments in England
Northampton Town F.C. is an English football club.  They started in 1897 and are based in Northampton in the county of Northamptonshire.  They play their home games at a stadium called Sixfields Stadium and are nicknamed "The Cobblers".

League position

Former position

English football clubs
Northampton
1897 establishments in the United Kingdom
There are six counties which make up Northern Ireland. They are County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry and County Tyrone. The six counties in Northern Ireland and the 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland make up the 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

References
Nottingham Forest F.C. is an English football club.  They are based in Nottingham in the county of Nottinghamshire and started in 1865.  They play their home matches at a stadium called 'City Ground'.  Brian Clough was one of their managers and when he was in charge, Nottingham Forest won two European Cups and four League Cups. Since then they have dropped down to the 3rd division and back up to the second, they have had managers like Gary Megson, Joe Kinnear, David Platt and Frank Clark. They have no manager now. Their last one was Colin Calderwood.

League position

Former position

English football clubs
Nottingham
1865 establishments in the United Kingdom
Brian Howard Clough  ( ; 21 March 1935 – 20 September 2004) was an English footballer turned manager. During his career he was in charge of Hartlepool United, Derby County F.C., Brighton & Hove Albion, Leeds United and most notably Nottingham Forest F.C.  He won a lot of trophies, including the European Cup with Nottingham Forest F.C. in 1979 and 1980.

Clough was an alcoholic. He had a liver transplant in 2003. He died of stomach cancer.

International career statistics 

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References 

1935 births
2004 deaths
British autobiographers
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from stomach cancer
English footballers
English football managers
Organ transplant recipients
People from North Yorkshire
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
The Irish national grid reference system is the system of grid references used in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. It overlaps the British national grid reference system. In the grid references, Ireland is divided into 20 squares, of 100 kilometres length and 100 kilometres width. Each grid square is given a letter as its name.

References 
 Ordnance Survey Ireland - History and overview of the system 

Political geography
Geography of Ireland
Since 1 October 1973, Northern Ireland is made of 26 districts. Each district has a council which looks after local services. The 26 districts are made of 582 wards. Each ward elects 1 councillor. There 582 councillors in Northern Ireland and there is an election every 4 years. The voting system used to elect each councillor is Single Transferable Vote. Some of the councils are known as "Borough" or "City" councils. Every year, each council elects a chairman. In "Borough" and "City" councils, the chairman is called the Mayor. In Belfast City Council, the chairman is called the Lord Mayor. In "Borough" and "City" councils, up to 25% of councillors are given the title Alderman.

Districts

References

Geography of Northern Ireland