Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Meqabyan (Amharic: መቃብያን), also called called Ethiopic Maccabees or Ethiopian Maccabees, are three books in the Ethiopian Orthodox Old Testament Biblical canon. These books are very different in content from the books of Maccabees in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Bibles. The Maccabees described in these books are not those of the Hasmonean dynasty, and the "Five Holy Maccabean Martyrs" here do not match "Woman with seven sons", who were also called "Maccabees" and are revered throughout Orthodoxy as the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs".

These books were only written in Ethiopian languages for a long time, but have recently been translated into English.
According to this book, a certain man from the territory of Benjamin called Meqabis had three sons Abya (Amharic: አብያ- Abijah), Seela (Amharic: ሴላ- Shelah), and Pantos (Pantera), who opposed the tyrannical policies of the king and refused to worship his idols. Their account consumes only a short section of the book, spanning chapters 2 through chapter 5.  A second group of brothers are later introduced in Chapter 15. They are called: Yihuda (Amharic: ይሁዳ- Judah), Meqabis and Mebikyas, and they are said to have lead a successful revolt against the ruthless King Akrandis of Midian. This appears to be a historical allusion to the king Alexander I Balas, who ruled the Seleucid Empire after the death of Antiochius IV, and who supported the legitimacy of the Maccabees cause. However, in this folk rendering of history, Mebikyas enters the king's military camp and decapitates him at his dinner table, while his food was still in his mouth
. The remainder of the book, chapters 16 to 36, have no dealing with the Maccabees (disambiguation) revolt and offer no further historical narrative. Their purpose is unknown, as they recount significant events from the Old Testament.
2nd Book of Ethiopian Maccabees
The Book of Second Meqabyan has 21 chapters.  It starts: "After he found the Jews in Syrian Mesopotamia".  The story says that a king of Moab named Meqabis made war against Israel as a punishment on them.  Later he felt bad for his sins and taught the people living in Israel God's law. After his death, Tsirutsaydan introduced idolatry and burnt the sons of Meqabis.

3rd Book of Ethiopian Maccabees
The Book of Third Meqabyan has 10 chapters.  It starts: "And the islands of Egypt shall rejoice". It tells about salvation and punishment, as seen in the lives of Adam, Job, David and others.

English Translations 
    Selassie, Feqade. Ethiopian Books of Meqabyan 1–3, in Standard English. 2008; Lulu Press Inc, Raleigh, NC

    Curtin, D.P. The 1st Book of Ethiopian Maccabees. 2017; Dalcassian Publishing, Philadelphia, PA

References
References

Other websites
 The Biblical Canon Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Today, by R. W. Cowley - specific info on Meqabyan 1-3 found at footnote #9
 The Book of First Meqabyan in Iyaric

Religious texts
5th-century books
The Bloodhound is a large breed of dog famous for its tracking ability by scent. It stands 23–27 inches (58–69 cm) tall and weighs 80–110 pounds (36–50 kg). It has a long nose, large ears with wrinkles on its face. Its fur is short and its coat is usually a brown and black color. Bloodhounds are known to be a gentle and affectionate breed. This breed lives an average of six years and nine months. Bloodhounds are often used by police because of their tracking ability.

References 

Dog breeds originating in Belgium
FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in France
Dog breeds originating in England
Dog breeds originating in Scotland
Celosia is a genus of plants in the family Amaranthaceae.

This plants grow in Eurasia, Africa, South America, and North America.

The number of species is more than 50. Some species:

 Celosia argentea
 Celosia argentea var. argentea
 Celosia argentea var. cristata [syn. Celosia cristata]
 Celosia argentea var. plumosa [syn. Celosia plumosa]
 Celosia isertii [syn. Celosia laxa]
 Celosia leptostachya
 Celosia nitida
 Celosia odorata
 Celosia palmeri
 Celosia spicata
 Celosia trigyna
 Celosia virgata

Other websites 

 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Celosia 
 ITIS: Celosia
 NCBI: Celosia

Amaranthaceae
Christopher James Kluwe (born December 24, 1981 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a former American football Punter. Kluwe played for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). Kluwe was undrafted but played college football at the University of California.

He is a supporter of same-sex marriage and released a letter on Deadspin that he sent to Maryland state assembly delegate Emmett Burns. In the letter he defended the opinions of Baltimore Ravens linebacker Brendon Ayanbadejo who is a supporter of same-sex marriage and criticized Burns for sending a letter to the Ravens owners to "inhibit such expressions" by their employee and trying to stifle Ayanbadejo's freedom of speech.

References

Other websites
Chris Kluwe at nfl.com

1981 births
Living people
American football punters
American LGBT rights activists
Minnesota Vikings players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
American bloggers
The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy movie and the first installment of the trilogy. The movie is directed by Todd Phillips, and stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, Ken Jeong, Heather Graham and Jeffrey Tambor. It follows three men looking for another friend in Las Vegas, before the wedding is cancelled.

Cast 
 Bradley Cooper as Phil Wenneck
 Ed Helms as Dr. Stu Price
 Zach Galifianakis as Alan Garner
 Heather Graham as Jade
 Mike Epps as Black Doug
 Justin Bartha as Doug Billings
 Jeffrey Tambor as Sid Garner
 Ken Jeong as Leslie Chow
 Rachael Harris as Melissa
 Rob Riggle as Officer Franklin
 Sasha Barrese as Tracy Garner
 Bryan Callen as Eddie
 Ian Anthony Dale as Chow's henchmen
 Gillian Vigman as Stephanie Wenneck

Release dates

Ratings
The Hangover received mostly positive reviews:

Rotten Tomatoes - 78%
Metacritic - 73% out of 100
Roger Ebert - 4.5 out of 5

References

Other websites
The Hangover's Official website
2009 buddy movies
2009 comedy movies
2000s black comedy movies
American black comedy movies
German comedy movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Las Vegas
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Todd Phillips
Wheel theory is the theory of wheels. A wheel is an algebraic structure where division by 0 has meaning. The term wheel was inspired by the topological picture .

Definition 
A wheel is an algebraic structure satisfying(for all values , , and ):

 Addition and multiplication are commutative and associative, with  and  as their respective identities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Wheels replace the usual division with a unary operator applied to one argument  similar (but not identical) to the multiplicative inverse , such that  becomes shorthand for . Also,  replaces the fraction .

Sources
Carlström, Jesper: . Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 14(2004): no. 1, 143–184 (also available online here ).

References

Abstract algebra
The fundamental theorem of calculus is the MEAN VALUE THEOREM. From it, you get the ubiquitous statement of the fundamental theorem.

I solved the tangent line and area problem, not those morons Newton and Leibniz or the fools who came after them in the last few centuries. I know better than you!

(PDF) The Holy Grail of Calculus. | John Gabriel - Academia.edu

The fundamental theorem of calculus is central to the study of calculus.  It is the theorem that shows relationship between derivative and the integral and between the definite integral and the indefinite integral.  It is broken into two parts, the first fundamental theorem of calculus and the second fundamental theorem of calculus.
Background
A definition for derivative, definite integral, and indefinite integral (antiderivative) is necessary in understanding the fundamental theorem of calculus. The derivative can be thought of as measuring the change of the value of a variable with respect to another variable. The definite integral is the net area under the curve of a function and above the x-axis over an interval [a,b]. The indefinite integral (antiderivative) of a function f is another function F whose derivative is equal to the first function f.
The history of the fundamental theorem of calculus begins as early as the seventeenth century with  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Isaac Newton.  Leibniz looked at integration as the sum of infinite amounts of areas that are accumulated. As such, he references the important concept of area as it relates to the definition of the integral.  Isaac Newton used geometry to describe the relationship between acceleration, velocity, and distance. This is key in understanding the relationship between the derivative and the integral; acceleration is the derivative of velocity, which is the derivative of distance, and distance is the antiderivative of velocity, which is the antiderivative of acceleration.  In 1823, Cauchy defined the definite integral by the limit definition. Also in the nineteenth century, Siméon Denis Poisson described the definite integral as the difference of the antiderivatives [F(b) − F(a)] at the endpoints a and b, describing what is now the first fundamental theorem of calculus
.  It wasn’t until the 1950s that all of these concepts were tied together to call the theorem the fundamental theorem of calculus.
First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
The first fundamental theorem of calculus states that if the function f(x) is continuous, then

This means that the definite integral over an interval [a,b] is equal to the antiderivative evaluated at b minus the antiderivative evaluated at a. This gives the relationship between the definite integral and the indefinite integral (antiderivative).

Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
The second fundamental theorem of calculus states that if the function f is continuous, then

This means that the derivative of the integral of a function f with respect to the variable t over the interval [a,x] is equal to the function f with respect to x. This describes the derivative and integral as inverse processes.

References 

Calculus
Mathematical theorems
Mathematical analysis
Brent Michael Bowden (born May 21, 1987 in Huntsville, Alabama) is an American football Punter that is currently a free agent in the National Football League (NFL). Bowden was drafted out of the Virginia Tech University with the 172nd pick in the sixth round of the 2010 NFL Draft by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

Other websites
Brent Bowden at nfl.com 

1987 births
Living people
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
American football punters
Sportspeople from Huntsville, Alabama
Mafia II is the 2010 sequel to Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven. It was released on August 24, 2010 in North America and August 27, 2010 in the PAL region. The game is set in Empire Bay which is a parody of The Empire State, the nickname for New York in the years 1945 to 1951. Mafia II was protested by an Italian-American group because they thought the game was portraying ethnic stereotypes.

Second sequel
A third game and final sequel to Mafia is Mafia III, it has been released in 2016.

Other websites
 Mafia II's Official website

References 

2010 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Adventure games
Video game sequels
Shooter video games
The Amazing Jeckel Brothers is the fifth studio album by American horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on May 25, 1999. The producers of the album were Insane Clown Posse and Mike E. Clark. The album was the fifth of the "Joker Cards" in the Dark Carnival mythology. The album featured guest vocals such as Ol' Dirty Bastard, Snoop Dogg, The Jerky Boys and Twiztid.

1999 albums
Insane Clown Posse albums
Thomas Morstead (born August 13, 1982 in Pearland, Texas) is an American football punter for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). Morstead was drafted out of Southern Methodist University by the New Orleans Saints with the 164th pick in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. Morstead won Super Bowl XLIV while part of the New Orleans Saints.

Other websites
Thomas Morstead at nfl.com

1986 births
Living people
New Orleans Saints players
American football punters
Sportspeople from Texas
Southwark ( ) is the main part of the inner London Borough of Southwark. It is on the Thames, south of London Bridge. It is often called just 'The Borough'. Southwark was once a separate town in Surrey, and was made part of London in 1889.

Southwark has several important buildings: Southwark Cathedral, London Bridge station and the Tate Modern art gallery. Two Roman roads met in Southwark: Watling Street and Stane Street. The area was marshy with islands in Roman times. They built the first London Bridge here.

The word 'Southwark' is pronounced Suthuk.

References

London Borough of Southwark
London Bridge station is a major railway and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark. It is immediately south-east of London Bridge and 1.6 miles (2.6 km) east of Charing Cross. It is the oldest railway terminus in London, opened in June 1839. There is also a bus station. It is the fourth busiest rail terminal in London. In addition, it is where many commuters transfer between lines.

The mainline station is one of 18 railway stations managed by Network Rail and is a major transport terminus and interchange for south London. Over 54 million people a year use the station.

The underground station is a junction station of two lines, the Jubilee Line and the Bank branch of the Northern Line. All underground platforms are accessed through ticket barriers. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is south of the River Thames, so it does not have a direct connection to the Circle Line.

References
References 

London Travelcard zone 1
Railway stations in London
Jubilee line stations
Railway stations opened in 1863
1863 establishments in England
Watling Street is the name of an ancient route in England.  It was first used by the Ancient Britons between Canterbury and St Albans. 

Later the Romans made it one of the main Roman roads in Britain.  The Romans paved the route from London to the port of Dover, and from London to St Albans.  'Street' comes from the old word for paving.  Eventually, the road stretched to Caerwent in Wales on the Severn estuary, just west of Chepstow.

Its route is now covered by the A2 road from Dover to London, and the A5 road from London to Wroxeter (Roman Viriconium, in modern Shropshire).  These are major roads in England, which still exist alongside the modern motorways.
Mancetter on Watling Street is thought to be  the site of Boudica's defeat by the Romans. Later, the A5 was part of the southwestern border of the Danelaw. In the early 19th century, the course between London and the Channel was paved and became known as the Great Dover Road. At various points along the historic route, the name Watling Street is still used. JAMES STYLES

Roman roads in Britain
The Kia Picanto is a car produced by Kia Motors. It replaced the Kia Pride in 2003. The Fiat Idea Hyundai i10 is based on the Picanto's platform.

Engines 
 1.0 Mazda 44 kW (60 hp)
 1.3 Toyota 48 kW (65 hp)
 1.3 CRDi 55 kW (75 hp)

Picanto
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Southwark Cathedral, in Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the River Thames close to London Bridge. 

It is the mother church of the Anglican Diocese of Southwark. It has been a place of Christian worship for over 1,000 years, but a cathedral only since 1905.  The present building is mainly Gothic, from 1220 to 1420.  

The main railway line from London Bridge station to Cannon Street station passes close to the cathedral, blocking the view from the south side. Borough Market and the Hall of the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass by the river are close by.

History
History

Saxon and medieval 
The earliest reference to the site was in the Domesday Book survey of 1086. The 'Minster' of Southwark seems to be under the control of Bishop Odo of Bayeux (William the Conqueror's half-brother). Its early history is obscure. A Saxon minster (a teaching church) served a south Thames area. In 1106, Henry I's reign, the latter became an Augustinian Priory: Norman stonework can still be seen, and Thomas Becket preached here before departing to Canterbury, days before his murder in 1170.

Architecture 
The church is the oldest Gothic church building in London, built from 1220 to 1420. It is one of the smallest cathedrals, which is because it was not built as a cathedral, but as a Priory chapel.

Choir 
The cathedral has three choirs, The main Cathedral Choir is supported financially by the St Olave's & St Saviour's Schools Foundation. They were two parochial schools set up in the 1560s, and still hold their annual services here as their 'foundation' church.

References
References

Other websites 
Southwark Cathedral official website

Anglican cathedrals in England
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
Grade I listed buildings in London
13th-century buildings and structures‎
4LYN is a German nu metal group, based in Hamburg. It formed in 1995 as Headtrip.

History 
In the year 2000 the band renamed to 4LYN after realizing the band name Headtrip was used by many other rock bands all over the world. The letters LYN are for Little Young Nasties and the 4 for the sum of the band members. They became famous after touring with bands such as Papa Roach, Dredg, Thumb and Therapy?. Finally in spring 2001 they released their first album. In 2002 they continued their successful way with another album called neon and live performances such as on Rock am Ring and the Desperados-Tour together with Cosmotron and Dredg. In the mid-2000s, they changed their style from nu metal to emo and alternative rock.

Discography
Discography

Albums 
 4LYN (2001 Motor Music)
 neon (2002 Motor Music)
 Take It As A Compliment (2004 Edel Records)
 Take It As A Compliment / Live Compliments (2004 Edel Records)
 Compadres (2005 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
 Hello (2008 Rodeostar/SPV)
 Live in Hamburg (22008 Rodeostar/SPV)
 Quasar (Very Us, 2012)

Singles 
 Whooo! (2001 Motor Music)
 Bahama Mama (2001 Motor Music)
 Lyn (2001 Motor Music)
 Pearls & Beauty (2002 Motor Music)
 Husky (2002 Motor Music)
 Hey Ho, Let's Go (2003 Self-release)
 Kisses Of A Strobelight (2004 Edel Records)
 Matilda, Matilda (Promo Single) (2004 Edel Records)
 Drrty Rokka (2005 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
 Go, Sea Devils! (2007 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
 Hello (For You I'm Dying) (2008 Rodeostar/SPV)

DVD's 
 The Good Life Period (2008)
 Live In Hamburg (2008)
 Hello (Limited Edition) (includes CD/DVD) (2009)

Other websites
 Official homepage
 myspace-Page
 Discography @ DISCOGS
 4LYN @ Last.fm 
 Full detailed Fanpage by Petra Preuss  
 4LYN @ Webpark
German rock bands
Nu metal bands
Charing Cross station might mean:

Charing Cross railway station
Charing Cross tube station
The Volkswagen Sharan is a car produced by Volkswagen in two generations since 1995. The SEAT Alhambra and the Ford Galaxy are based on the same platform as the Sharan.

First generation (1995–2010)

Engines

Petrol 
 1.8 T 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.0 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.8 VR6 128 kW (174 hp)

Diesel 
 1.9 TDI 66 kW (90 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 85 kW (115 hp), 96 kW (130 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.0 TDI 103 kW (140 hp)

Second generation (2010–present)

Engines 
 1.4 TSI 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.0 TDI 103 kW (140 hp)

Sharan
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Cannon Street station is a central London railway terminus and London Underground station complex in the City of London, the financial district of London. It is built on the site of the mediaeval Steelyard, the trading base in England of the Hanseatic League. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

Rail 
This  is a terminal station approached across the River Thames by the Cannon Street Railway Bridge, with entrances from Cannon Street and Dowgate Hill. Its approach by rail is by a triangular connection to both London Bridge station and Charing Cross station. Cannon Street is one of seventeen UK railway stations managed by Network Rail.

Original structure
The station was opened by the South Eastern Railway on 1 September 1866. The original station building had two Wren-style towers,  square and  high, which faced on to the River Thames. The towers supported a  long iron train shed crowned by a high single arch, almost semicircular, of glass and iron. To this was joined in 1867 an Italianate style hotel and forecourt. These gave passenger facilities, as well as an impressive frontage onto the street.

References 

Railway stations in London
Circle line stations
District line stations
1866 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
Farringdon station is a London Underground and National Rail station in Clerkenwell, just north of the City of London in the London Borough of Islington.

Current developments 
Farringdon will, from 2017, be one of the country's busiest stations (if not the busiest station) by number of trains passing through, being served by both Crossrail and the upgraded Thameslink route, as well as the existing Underground lines.

Thameslink upgrade 
Farringdon station has been renovated, to allow longer Thameslink trains to fit, and to make other improvements to the station. The existing station building will be given a new roof canopy, and a new entrance and concourse facing Turnmill Street. Platforms will be made wider and longer, which will require the Cowcross Street bridge pillars to be moved. The bridge, along with the Cardinal Tower building, will be torn down and rebuilt once the pillars have been shifted.Cowcross Street will be made into a street for pedestrians only. Lifts will be provided throughout.
The existing ticket hall and concourse will be re-built. Interchange within the station will be improved by means of removing the existing interchange bridge and installing new stairs and lifts with access to all four platforms, thereby allowing disabled passengers to use the station.

Extending the platforms towards the north could not be done due mainly due to the steep gradient (1 in 27) of the Thameslink line immediately north of Farringdon. The platforms therefore had to be extended to the south, cutting off the two-station branch to Moorgate. As a result, since Christmas 2009 Thameslink trains no longer call at Barbican and Moorgate stations, but London Underground still serve those stations.

The new station is designed by the architects from the firm Aukett Fitzroy Robinson.
Crossrail development 
A 'Farringdon' Crossrail station is being built between Farringdon and Barbican underground (tube) stations and it will have interchanges with both of them. Access at the Farringdon end will be via the new Thameslink ticket hall. Work will not be complete until 2017.

References 

Railway stations in London
Circle line stations
Hammersmith & City line stations
Metropolitan line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Islington
1863 establishments in England
Railway stations opened in 1863
St Pancras station, also known since 2007 as St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus celebrated for its Victorian architecture.

Buildings
The Grade I listed building stands on Euston Road between the British Library, King's Cross station and the Regent's Canal. It was opened in 1868 by the Midland Railway as its southern terminus. The company became the LMS: the London, Midland and Scottish railway. When the station opened, the arched train shed was the largest single-span roof in the world.
History
After escaping planned demolition in the 1960s, the complex was renovated and expanded during the 2000s at a cost of £800 million. A secure terminal area was constructed for Eurostar services to continental Europe—via High Speed 1 and the Channel Tunnel—along with platforms for domestic connections to the north and south-east of England. The restored station houses fifteen platforms, a shopping centre and a bus station, in addition to London Underground services from King's Cross St. Pancras tube station.  St Pancras is owned by London and Continental Railways along with the adjacent urban regeneration area known as King's Cross Central.

References 

Railway stations in London
1868 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
Railway stations opened in 1868
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Camden
Blackfriars station is a London Underground and National Rail station in the City of London. It is close to Blackfriars Bridge at the junction of New Bridge Street and Queen Victoria Street. It is in Travelcard Zone 1. The Underground station was closed until 2011 while refurbishment and major engineering works took place.

Blackfriars station is being rebuilt and the office building above it demolished and replaced as part of the Thameslink programme. The mainline station remained open during this work except for a period of two months around Christmas 2010 when trains passed through without stopping. The Underground station was closed until late 2011.

References 

Railway stations in London
1886 establishments in England
2009 disestablishments in England
2011 establishments in England
Doctor is an academic degree, awarded by a university or similar institution. "Doctor" may be used to refer to a person with a doctorate.

To get the degree, people need to pass a doctorate exam, or write a thesis or dissertation. The requirements vary according to the subject-matter. 

There are three levels of university qualification:
 A bachelor's degree, which usually takes two or three years of study.
 A master's degree. 
 The doctorate.

Depending on the country, there are cases where people get what is called a professional doctorate. This is mostly the case in law, and in medicine. A professional doctorate is comparable to a master's degree.
Medical doctor or Doctor of Medicine, a person who practices medicine. Degrees vary: M.D. is common in the United States; MRCP is common in the UK, and they are addressed as "doctor" whatever the degree.
 Surgeon, a doctor who performs surgery, is in the UK not called "doctor", because the legal qualification is MRCS: Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, because the profession had a different origin. 
Physiotherapist, a physiotherapist having Doctor of Physiotherapy is also called Doctor in USA and in countries like India "traditional and conventional use of Doctor" can be used by using "PT" as suffix for B.P.T.(Bachelor of Physiotherapy) degree holders.
 Juris Doctor or Doctor of Law 
 Doctor of Philosophy a general degree for any subject which offers a doctorate for research and presentation of a thesis.
Universities may award doctorates to people who have done a lot in their fields of study: these are called honorary doctorates. There is no set rule for this. These may be abbreviated "Doctor h.c." (for "honoris causa"). 

Titles
The Newfoundland is a large breed of dog that originated in Newfoundland. They were first used by fishermen and sailors to carry goods and would jump overboard to save people from drowning. Newfoundlands are great swimmers because of their waterproof fur, their webbed feet and their strong muscles.

The Newfoundland is a very large dog breed, standing 26–28 inches (66–71 cm) and weighing 100–150 pounds (45–68 kg). The largest Newfoundland found was 72 inches (180 cm) long and weighed 160 pounds (73 kg). Their coat of fur is usually long and a black, brown or gray color. Their facial hair is very short. The head is very large and the face is smooth with few wrinkles. The ears are long and wide, and reach below the jaw. The neck is strong and muscular. The Newfoundland's chest is large and wide with a large lung capacity. Because Newfoundlands are excellent swimmers, their thighs are very strong and muscular and their feet are tight. Their tail is very strong and is important for them to swim well.
Newfoundlands can suffer from a lot of health problems. They are the fifth most likely breed to have hip dysplasia. Newfoundlands can have problems with cystinuria in a similar way to humans. Newfoundlands can inherit subvalvular aortic stenosis, a trait which hurts the heart.

Newfoundlands are known to be very gentle and loyal dogs. Because of their protective nature for children, Newfoundlands have been used as watchdogs. They have very thick fur so owners need to brush it once a week.

References 

Dog breeds originating in Canada
FCI breeds
The PlayStation Store is an online market for users of Sony's PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita game consoles via the PlayStation Network.

Other websites
Media Go download page
US PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
UK PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
Japan PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com 
European PlayStation Store updates

PlayStation
A literary genre means the style of a certain piece of literature, such as a book. Several common ones are epic, comedy, tragedy, novel, and short story. There are other ways to group them, though. A piece of literature is either poetry or prose. There are three types of poetry; narrative, lyric, and dramatic. There are two types of prose; fiction and nonfiction.

Related pages
Literature
Writing
Genre
Boys Don't Cry is a 1999 American drama movie. The stars of the movie are Hilary Swank and Chloe Sevigny. This movie is about Brandon Teena (1972-1993), a female-to-male transsexual in Nebraska who was raped and murdered.

Other websites 

1990s biographical movies
1999 LGBT movies
1999 romantic drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Academy Award winning movies
American biographical movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic drama movies
1990s English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
LGBT drama movies
LGBT romance movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in Nebraska
Murder in movies
Rape in movies
Transgender in movies
American independent movies
Rubidium hydroxide is a chemical compound. It is composed of rubidium and hydroxide ions. Its chemical formula is RbOH. It is a very strong base. It can eat through glass. It is made by dissolving rubidium oxide in water. It causes immediate burns to the skin. It gets very hot when it is dissolved in water. It is a white solid.

Related pages
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Lithium hydroxide

Rubidium compounds
Rubidium oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Rb2O. It is a yellow solid. It reacts vigorously with water to produce rubidium hydroxide, a very strong base. It is made by reduction of rubidium nitrate using rubidium metal. It can also be made by reduction of rubidium hydroxide with rubidium metal. It reacts with hydrogen to disproportionate it into rubidium hydroxide and rubidium hydride.

Related pages
Lithium oxide
Calcium oxide
Chemistry

Rubidium compounds
Oxides
Rubidium nitrate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is RbNO3. It is a colorless crystalline solid. It is an oxidizing agent. It is made by reacting rubidium or rubidium hydroxide with nitric acid. The reaction with rubidium is very violent. It is used to make other rubidium compounds.

Related pages
Rubidium oxide
Rubidium hydride
Potassium nitrate

Nitrogen compounds
Rubidium compounds
Rubidium hydride is a chemical compound. It contains rubidium and hydride ions. Its chemical formula is RbH. It is a strong reducing agent and will react with water, air and chlorine violently. It is made by disproportionating hydrogen by reacting hydrogen with rubidium hydroxide. This process also produces rubidium oxide. It is normally made by reacting rubidium and hydrogen.

Related pages
Rubidium nitrate
Hydride
Rubidium compounds

References

Rubidium compounds
Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was an American social worker and sociologist. She was born in Cedarville, Illinois. In 1886, she founded a place called Hull House along with Ellen Gates Starr. It tried to take care of the problems poor people and immigrants faced in Chicago through social work. She wanted more peace, and more civil rights for immigrants and women against prostitution.  She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, and was the first American woman to earn it. She was the sister of Alice Haldeman. Addams was a lesbian. She died in Chicago.

Related pages
List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people

References

Other websites

1860 births
1935 deaths
American activists
American Nobel Prize winners
American sociologists
Lesbians
LGBT Nobel Prize winners
LGBT people from Chicago
LGBT scientists
Nonviolence advocates
Scientists from Chicago
Hurricane Audrey was the most powerful June hurricane in the recorded history of the Atlantic since record keeping began. This storm struck Louisiana and Texas, killing more than 500. This hurricane was a very powerful category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

Hurricanes in the United States
Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
1957 in the United States
20th century in Louisiana
20th century in Texas
June events
Deadly storms
1950s in weather
Audrey
Calcium phosphate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ca3(PO4)2, although there are other formulas, like Ca2HPO4 (dicalcium phosphate) and Ca(H2PO4)2 (monocalcium phosphate). It is made of calcium and phosphate ions.

Properties 
It is a white or gray solid. It becomes more insoluble when heated; most chemicals become more soluble (more easily dissolved).

Occurrence
It is found in teeth, bones, and milk. It is found in the ground, too.

Uses
It is used to make phosphoric acid. It is used to make fertilizer.
It is also used in bovine milk

Related pages
Calcium carbonate
Calcium chloride
Phosphite

Phosphorus compounds
Calcium compounds
Hurricane Joan was a powerful and deadly hurricane during 1988. Over 200 people died because of Joan. The hurricane reached Category 4 strength.

Hurricanes
Hurricanes in Mexico
1988
Retired tropical cyclone names
1980s in weather
Richard Rusczyk is one of the creators of the Mandelbrot competition, and the founder of Art of Problem Solving (AoPS) Inc, and Beast Academy He also founded the San Diego Math Circle.

Rusczyk graduated from Princeton University in 1993.

References

Other websites
The Art of Problem Solving

Living people
1971 births
American mathematicians
Hereford Cathedral is a church in the town of Hereford. The present building was started in 1079. Before that there were two other cathedrals. It is the seat of the Bishop of Hereford.

The most famous treasure in Hereford Cathedral is the Mappa Mundi, a mediæval map of the world dating from the 13th century. The cathedral is a Grade I listed building.

The building of the cathedral
The first Hereford Cathedral was a stone building from the 7th century. After about 200 years it was changed, but then it was burnt down in 1056 by Welsh and Irish soldiers. The rebuilding started in 1079 and it was finished around 1140.
Many changes have been made since that time. The cathedral originally had Norman architecture, but not much of that has survived. By the end of the 13th century most of it had been changed. The changes continued in the 14th century when the central tower was rebuilt. Many other parts were added, the last big change was the adding of the main north entrance finished in 1535. This was mostly the cathedral we see today.

Today’s cathedral

The Norman columns and arches of the nave have some decorations. They are original, done in the early 12th century. In the south aisle of the nave there are two tombs dating from the 14th century tombs. They are for members of the clergy but we do not know who they are. There is a tomb for Sir Richard Pembridge who was a Knight of the Garter.
There is a modern rood screen, a big lantern, and a reredos (a screen or decoration behind the altar). The Lady Chapel has lancet windows (tall, narrow windows) and lots of ornaments. There is a bit of ancient ironwork in the tomb of Bishop Booth who had the porch built There is also a large Norman font. The north transept was built in the Decorated Gothic. It has the shrine of St. Thomas of Hereford. The north window has some beautiful 19th century stained glass.

The tomb of the shrine of Bishop Cantilupe is built of Purbeck marble. The south transept may be the oldest part of the cathedral. The choir (the part of the cathedral where the choir sit), has many beautiful features. There is a reredos which represents Jesus on the cross. Two pointed arches show Christ with angels and the four evangelists. There is also a very strange, old Episcopal chair.
Music
The organ was built in 1892 by Henry Willis. It is one of the best organs he made. Organists of the past include John Bull and Samuel Sebastian Wesley. Today the organist is Geraint Bowen. There has been a choir at Hereford Cathedral from at least as far back as the 13th century. Hereford Cathedral is one of the three cathedrals which house the Three Choirs Festival. In the tower there are 10 bells. They are often called the "Grand Old Lady".

Special treasures
The famous Hereford Mappa Mundi (Map of the World) dates from the 13th century. It is the largest (except for one) map from that period drawn on a single sheet of vellum. It was ignored for many years, then in 1855 it was cleaned and repaired at the British Museum. It shows the world as round, with the ocean all around it. It was nearly sold in the 1980s, but money was found to build a library where it could be hung. This is where it is now.
Another famous document is one of only four copies of the Magna Carta to survive. It is kept very carefully, and sometimes shown to the public in the library next to the Mappa Mundi.

Gallery

Related pages
 English Gothic architecture
 Romanesque architecture

References

Other websites

 Official site

Anglican cathedrals in England
Hereford
11th-century buildings and structures‎
Some examples 
 Duomo di Siena, Sienna, Italy
 Goodwood House, West Sussex, England
 Herrenchiemsee, Bavaria, Germany
 Szkieletor, Kraków, Poland 
 Woodchester Mansion, Stroud, Gloucester, England
 Parliament House, Wellington, New Zealand
 Bishop Castle, Colorado, USA
 Boldt Castle, Thousand Islands, New York USA
 National Monument, Edinburgh, Scotland
 Ajuda National Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
 Cuenca Cathedral, Cuenca, Spain
 Winchester Mystery House, San Jose, California, USA
 Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany
 Torre de la Escollera, Cartagena, Colombia
 Plaza Rakyat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 Sagrada Família, Barcelona, Spain

References

Construction
Joseph Albert Pierre Paul Pilote (December 11, 1931 – September 9, 2017) was a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played his playing career for the Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). Pilote won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Black Hawks in 1961 and became the captain of the Black Hawks. Pilote won the Norris trophy 3 times one in 1963, one in 1964 and one in 1965.

Pilote died in Barrie, Ontario on September 9, 2017 of cancer at the age of 85.

Awards
Pilote won many awards during his playing career:

Norris Trophy (1963, 1964, 1965)
1st & 2nd all-star team (1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967)
Stanley Cup (1961)
Hockey Hall of Fame (1975)
#59 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 greatest hockey players.

References

Other websites

Pierre Pilote at LegendsofHockey.com
1931 births
2017 deaths
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Quebec
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players
American Hockey League players
Twinkie the Kid is the mascot for Twinkies, a cream-filled snack cake.  He is a  trademark of Interstate Bakeries Corporation and has appeared on Twinkie packaging, in commercials, and as collectible related merchandise.

Description
Twinkie the Kid is an anthropomorphized Twinkie, which means he is a Twinkie that has been given human-like features.  He looks like a wrangler and wears boots, gloves, a kerchief, and a ten-gallon hat.

Related pages
Captain Cupcake
Fruit Pie the Magician

Advertising
Mascots
Animated characters
The TV series focuses around the lives of the Martini family. They live in Rome. Lele Martini is a doctor and a widower with three children: Maria, Francesco "Ciccio" and Anna "Annuccia". He falls in love with his sister-in-law, Alice Solari. At the end of the second season, they get married and have two twins. Lele hires Cettina as their au pair. Cettina is a Neapolitan woman (she comes from Mondragone) who pretends to be Polish in order to be hired. Eventually the Martinis find out that Cettina is actually Italian, but they do not fire her. At the beginning of the third season Lele, Alice and their twins leave Italy in order to live in Australia. Lele puts his children in the hands of their grandpa, Nonno Libero. Cettina falls in love with Torello, a funeral director. They get married at the end of the third season. Maria falls in love with Guido, a doctor. They get married at the end of the fourth season.
In the sixth season Lele, who divorced from Alice, returns home with his children, Bobo and Elena. Cettina is disappeared in a shipwreck: she is supposed to be dead, but this is not true. In fact, she lost her memory and became a very rich woman in the United States. She decided to go to Italy for an holiday and here she meets the Martinis. She gradually recovers her memory and joins her husband and her son, Eros. Lele in this season has two girlfriends: the doctress Funny and the chocolate seller Bianca. Eventually he decides to get engaged to Bianca. Melina, Cettina's cousin, is hires as the Martinis new au pair. She falls in love with Dante Piccione, a gauche man who gambles on the horses.

1998 television series debuts
Italian television
Christos Kostas Tselios (born January 25, 1962 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played his playing career for the Chicago Blackhawks, Montreal Canadiens, Detroit Red Wings and Atlanta Thrashers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Chelios won the Stanley Cup in 2008 and was also the captain of the Chicago Blackhawks from 1995 to 1999. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on July 9, 2013.

References

Other websites

1962 births
American ice hockey defensemen
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Grand Rapids Griffins players
Montreal Canadiens players
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Sportspeople from Chicago
Stanley Cup champions
Living people
American Hockey League players
Milk chocolate is a type of chocolate. It contains cocoa, sugar, and milk. The term "milk chocolate" was first used in 1687, to describe a drink which came from Jamaica to London, but the milk chocolate bar did not exist until 1875, when inventor Daniel Peter mixed the ingredients together to make it.

Food ingredients
Chocolate
Edward Charles John "Eddie" Litzenberger (born July 15, 1932 in Neudorf, Saskatchewan: died November 1, 2010) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played for the Chicago Black Hawks, Montreal Canadiens, Detroit Red Wings and Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). Litzenberger won the Stanley Cup four times - onc with the Chicago Black Hawks, in 1961, and three times with the Toronto Maple Leafs, in 1962, 1963, and 1964.

Other websites

1932 births
2010 deaths
Calder Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Montreal Canadiens players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Regina Pats players
Stanley Cup champions
7 World Trade Center is a building in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It is part of the new World Trade Center complex and was completed in 2006. The original 7 World Trade Center was in the same place, was completed in 1987 and destroyed on September 11, 2001 along with the other buildings in the World Trade Center.

References 

Buildings and structures completed in the 21st century
Skyscrapers in New York City
September 11 attacks
2006 establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Matthew Robert Birk (born July 23, 1976 in St. Paul, Minnesota) is an American football center for the Baltimore Ravens. Lewis was drafted out of the Harvard University by the Minnesota Vikings with the 173rd pick in the sixth round of the 1998 NFL Draft. Birk formerly played for the Minnesota Vikings and signed a three-year, $12 million contract as a free agent with the Baltimore Ravens. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

Other websites
Matt Birk at NFL.com

1976 births
Living people
Baltimore Ravens players
American football centers
Sportspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Claude Percy Lemieux (born July 16, 1965 in Buckingham, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens, New Jersey Devils, Colorado Avalanche, Phoenix Coyotes, Dallas Stars and the San Jose Sharks. Lemieux won the Stanley Cup 4 times once in 1986 with the Montreal Canadiens, once in 1995 with the San Jose Sharks, once in 1996 with the Colorado Avalanche and once in 200 with the New Jersey Devils.

On July 8, 2009, Lemieux announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

Other websites
Other websites

1965 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Colorado Avalanche players
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
New Jersey Devils players
Phoenix Coyotes players
San Jose Sharks players
Stanley Cup champions
Trois-Rivières Draveurs players
Verdun Junior Canadiens players
Verdun Juniors players
Worcester Sharks players
Zune was an entertainment platform and portable media player made by Microsoft.

The Zune Marketplace was an online music, video and podcast store that integrates with Zune software, Zune devices, phones with Zune support, and Xbox 360.

In 2011, the Zune series of media players was discontinued.

References

Microsoft gaming consoles
Xbox Live Marketplace (XBLM) is a virtual market designed for Microsoft's Xbox 360 console that allows Xbox Live members to download purchased or promotional content.

Other websites

Official Xbox Live Marketplace Website
Official Games on Demand Website 
Gamertag Search

Microsoft
Georgi Ivanov Markov (; 1 March 1929 – 11 September 1978) was a Bulgarian dissident writer. He was born in Sofia and was murdered in London. He was stabbed in the leg with an umbrella which injected ricin, a deadly poison. It is believed that Bulgarian security persuaded the KGB to do the job.

Career

Publications
 «Задочни репортажи за България» — 1978
 «Когато часовниците са спрели. Нови задочни репортажи за България» — 1991

Books
 «Победителите на Аякс» — 1959
 «Цезиева нощ» — 1957
 «Мъже» — 1962
 «Покривът» — 2007

Theatre
 «Последният патент» — 1965
 «Кафе с претенция» — 1966
 «Да се провреш под дъгата»
 «Комунисти»
 «Аз бях той»
 «Асансьорът» — 1967
 «Атентат в затворената улица» — 1968
 «Архангел Михаил» — 1990, 1997

Novels
 «Анкета» — 1961 
 «Между нощта и деня» — 1961 
 «Портретът на моя двойник» — 1966, 1996 
 «Жените на Варшава» — 1968

Books
Books

Other websites
 Markov's umbrella assassin revealed. After 26 years, police hope to bring killer to justice by Nick Paton Walsh. June 6, 2005. (The Guardian)
 WNET (PBS) "Secrets of the Dead"  on investigation of the assassination.
 Georgi Markov "The Umbrella Assassination"  mvm.ed.ac.uk 
"The Poison Umbrella" Yveta Kenety, in: The New Presence 4/2006, S. 46-48

1929 births
1978 deaths
Writers from Sofia
People murdered in London
Unsolved murders in the United Kingdom
Jennie Trinidad Fernando Kwan (born September 9, 1973) is a American actress and singer. She played "Kim" in the original American tour of the musical Miss Saigon,  and "Christmas Eve" in the original national tour of Avenue Q. She has made a number of television shows, and is now known for being the voice of popular anime and video game characters.

Early life 
Kwan was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. Her birth name was Jennie Trinidad Fernando. She identifies as American, and also Filipino, Spanish, German, Italian and Chinese. She is the daughter of a medical lab technician.

Career 
Kwan started singing professionally when she was 11. She was in a band called "Kids of the Century."