Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In a book by Gavin White, the Babylonian Eagle carried the constellation called the Dead Man (LU.USH) in its talons. The author also draws a comparison to the Classical stories of Antinous and Ganymede.

In classical Greek mythology, Aquila was identified as Αετός Δίας (Aetos Dios). He was the eagle that carried the thunderbolts of Zeus. He was sent by Zeus to carry the shepherd boy Ganymede to Mount Olympus. The constellation of Aquarius is sometimes identified with Ganymede.

In the Chinese love story of Qi Xi, Niu Lang (Altair) and his two children (β and γ Aquilae) are separated forever from their wife and mother Zhi Nu (Vega) who is on the far side of the river, the Milky Way.

In Hinduism, the constellation Aquila is identified with the half-eagle half-human deity Garuda.

Chinese astronomy
In Chinese astronomy, ζ Aql is within the Heavenly Market Enclosure (天市垣, Tiān Shì Yuán), and the other stars of the constellation are placed within the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ).
References

Sources

Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .

Other websites 

NightSkyInfo.com: Constellation Aquila
Star Tales – Aquila
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Aquila
WIKISKY.ORG: Aquila constellation

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Libra (, , symbol , Unicode ) is a constellation of the zodiac. 

It lies between Virgo to the west and Scorpius to the east. It once represented the claws of Scorpius.

Some features 
The brightest stars in Libra form a rectangle:

 α Librae, Zubenelgenubi ("southern claw"), a visual binary;
 β Librae, Zubeneschamali ("northern claw");
 γ Librae, Zubenelakrab ("scorpion's claw");
 σ Librae, Brachium an eclipsing variable.

α and β Librae are the scales' balance beam, and γ and σ are the weighing pans.

σ Librae was formerly known as γ Scorpii even though it is well inside the boundaries of Libra. It was not renamed as σ Librae until 1851 (by Benjamin A. Gould).

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Scorpius (Latin for scorpion, symbol , Unicode ♏) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. In western astrology it is also known as "Scorpio". It is a large constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near the center of the Milky Way. Its brightest star is the red supergiant Antares. The blue hypergiant Zeta1 Scorpii is even brighter but smaller and further away.

Deep-sky objects
 Messier 7
 NGC 6302
 NGC 6334

Bibliography 
 Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Collins Stars and Planets Guide, HarperCollins, London. .

Other websites 
 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Scorpius
 Star Tales – Scorpius

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
The constellation Sagittarius (meaning "the Archer") is a group of stars in one area of the night sky. The stars are in the shape of a centaur archer. This constellation is part of the Western zodiac.

The Milky Way is at its densest near Sagittarius, as this is where the galactic center lies. Consequently, Sagittarius contains many star clusters and nebulae. One of the brightest of the star clusters is Messier 55, about 7.5° west of δ Sgr.

The complex radio source Sagittarius A is here. Astronomers believe that one of its components, known as Sagittarius A*, is associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy, with a mass of 2.6 million solar masses.

Deep-sky objects
Trifid Nebula
NGC 6559
Omega Nebula
Lagoon Nebula

References 

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Ursa Major is a constellation that can be seen in the northern hemisphere and part of the southern hemisphere. Its name means Great Bear in Latin. It was named that because many different groups of people around the world have thought that its stars look a lot like a bear with a long tail. It is often used as a symbol for north.

According to Greek mythology, Ursa Major was once the beautiful maiden Callisto, whom the god Zeus had an affair with. In order to protect her and their son, Arcas, from his jealous wife Hera, Zeus turned Callisto and Arcas into bears. He then picked up the bears by their short, stubby tails and threw them into the sky.

The constellation cannot be seen from the southern areas of Patagonia, South Africa, Australia, and all of New Zealand except the Northland region.
Deep-sky objects
Several bright galaxies are found in Ursa Major, including the pair Messier 81 (one of the brightest galaxies in the sky) and Messier 82 above the bear's head, and the Pinwheel galaxy (M101), a beautiful spiral galaxy northwest of the star η Ursae Majoris. Other well-known spiral galaxies are NGC 4102, NGC 4605, Messier 108 and Messier 109. The constellation has about 50 galaxies that can be seen with a small telescope. The Owl nebula, the brightest planetary nebula, can be found along the bottom of the bowl of the Big Dipper.

The Big Dipper
The Big Dipper 

The seven stars in the northeast corner of Ursa Major form an  called the Big Dipper (or the Plough in Great Britain).  This group has been recognized by almost all groups of people who live or lived in places where it can be seen in the sky and it is one of the best-known star patterns. The Big Dipper is helpful in finding the north star because an imaginary line drawn through the two stars on the right side will point directly at the north star. These two stars are called The Pointers and they are very important on navigation by stars.

All of the stars in the Big Dipper except Dubhe and Alkaid are moving toward the same point in the sky through proper motion. This group of stars is known as the Ursa Major Moving Group.

References

Other websites 
 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Ursa Major

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Ursa Minor is a constellation in the northern sky. It is often called the Little Bear or the Little Dipper. Just like the related constellation Ursa Major, or the Big Bear or Big Dipper, it seems to have a long handle leading to a cup or ladle. The end of the handle is the North Star, called Polaris.

The ancient astronomer Ptolemy included Ursa Minor in his list of 48 constellations. It is now one of the 88 modern constellations. Ursa Minor is special because it includes the north celestial pole. However, this will change after several hundred years because the Earth will change the direction of its axis. That movement is called precession

Special features

Stars
Ursa Minor is often called the Little Dipper because its seven brightest stars seem to be in the shape of a dipper (ladle or scoop). The star at the end of the dipper handle is Polaris, the North Star.
Polaris is the brightest star in the constellation. It is a 'yellow-white' supergiant shining at 2.02 apparent magnitude. It belongs to an unusual class of stars called Cepheid variables. The brightness of Polaris can change. The second brightest star is β UMi (Kochab). It is a 2.08 orange giant star.

The four stars in the "bowl" of the little dipper are very useful for star watchers. They are of second, third, fourth and fifth magnitude. These stars are an easy guide to knowing what magnitude stars are visible. This is helpful for people who live in cities where light can make dim stars hard to see. It is also a way of testing your eyesight.

Named stars

Deep sky objects
There is one dwarf galaxy in the area of the constellation. It is called Ursa Minor Dwarf.

History and mythology

Drawings of Ursa Minor often show it as a baby bear with an unusually long tail. In some stories, the tail is so long because the baby bear was held by the tail and spun around the pole.
Greek mythology connected Ursa Minor and Ursa Major to the story of Callisto and Arcas. However, one older version of the story has Boötes in place of Arcas. In that story Ursa Minor was a dog. This earlier tradition explains both the length of the tail and an older name for Polaris. The North Star used to be called Cynosura which means the dog's tail.

In another story from early Greek mythology, the seven stars of the Little Dipper were seven sisters. They were Atlas' daughters, the Hesperides. They were part of a story with the nearby constellations Boötes, Ursa Major, and Draco.

Related pages
 Ursa Major
 Ursa Minor Beta, a place in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

References

Bibliography
 Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .

Other websites

 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Ursa Minor
 Star Tales – Ursa Minor

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris) is the Pole Star or North Star. 

It is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor. It is almost straight above Earth's North Pole. Because of this, when it is seen from Earth, it looks like it always stays in the same place in the sky. For centuries, sailors in the northern hemisphere used Polaris to help them figure out where they were on the ocean and what way they were moving.

Polaris is part of a triple star system. It has a very close dwarf binary, and a larger star, Polaris B, which orbits 2,400 AU away.
Even though Polaris is the North Star today, this has not always been the case. The place in the sky that the Earth's north pole points at changes slowly over time. This movement is called stellar precession. In 3000 BC, a faint star called Thuban in the constellation of Draco was the North Star. Polaris did not become the North Star until about AD 500. It will get closer to straight above the Earth's north pole until sometime in 2102. Then it will move away again. It will be the closest star to the pole until about AD 3000.

Surprisingly, considering its relative nearness, its distance is not yet known for certain. Many recent papers calculate the distance to Polaris at about 434 light-years (133 parsecs). However, some suggest it may be as much as 30% closer. If correct, this would be especially notable because Polaris is the closest Cepheid variable to Earth. Its physical parameters are critical to the whole astronomical distance scale.
There is no star in the southern hemisphere  which plays a similar role to Polaris. The star at the celestial south pole, Sigma Octantis, is much dimmer, so it is basically useless.

References 

Northern pole stars
Variable stars
Binary stars
Supergiants
In geometry, a hypercube is an n-dimensional analogue of a square () and a cube (). It is a closed, compact, convex figure whose 1-skeleton consists of groups of opposite parallel line segments aligned in each of the space's dimensions, perpendicular to each other and of the same length.  A unit hypercube's longest diagonal in n dimension is equal to .

An n-dimensional hypercube is also called an n-cube or an n-dimensional cube.  The term "measure polytope" is also used, notably in the work of H. S. M. Coxeter (originally from Elte, 1912), but it has now been superseded.

The hypercube is the special case of a hyperrectangle (also called an n-orthotope).

A unit hypercube is a hypercube whose side has length one unit.  Often, the hypercube whose corners (or vertices) are the 2n points in Rn with each coordinate equal to 0 or 1 is called "the" unit hypercube.

Construction

A hypercube can be defined by increasing the numbers of dimensions of a shape:
0 – A point is a hypercube of dimension zero.
1 – If one moves this point one unit length, it will sweep out a line segment, which is a unit hypercube of dimension one.
2 – If one moves this line segment its length in a perpendicular direction from itself; it sweeps out a 2-dimensional square.
3 – If one moves the square one unit length in the direction perpendicular to the plane it lies on, it will generate a 3-dimensional cube.
4 – If one moves the cube one unit length into the fourth dimension, it generates a 4-dimensional unit hypercube (a unit tesseract).

This can be generalized to any number of dimensions. This process of sweeping out volumes can be formalized mathematically as a Minkowski sum: the d-dimensional hypercube is the Minkowski sum of d mutually perpendicular unit-length line segments, and is therefore an example of a zonotope.

The 1-skeleton of a hypercube is a hypercube graph.
Related pages
 Simplex - the n-dimensional analogue of the triangle
 Hyperrectangle - the general case of the hypercube, where the base is a rectangle.

Notes

Other websites 
 
 
 Olshevsky, George, Measure polytope at Glossary for Hyperspace.
 www.4d-screen.de (Rotation of 4D – 7D-Cube)
  Rotating a Hypercube by Enrique Zeleny, Wolfram Demonstrations Project.
 Stereoscopic Animated Hypercube

Shapes
Iron Man 2 is a 2010 American superhero movie. It is based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man. It is the sequel to the 2008 movie Iron Man and the third movie for the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

It was directed by Jon Favreau and written by Justin Theroux. It stars Robert Downey, Jr., Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Scarlett Johansson, Sam Rockwell and Mickey Rourke. The story is set six months after the events of Iron Man. Tony Stark has revealed his identity as Iron Man. He is resisting calls by the United States government to hand over the technology. Ivan Vanko, meanwhile, has developed the same technology and built weapons of his own.
After the successful release of Iron Man, Marvel Studios announced and immediately set to work on producing a sequel. In July of that same same year, Theroux was hired to write the script. Favreau was signed to return and direct. Downey and Paltrow were to repeat their roles from Iron Man. Cheadle was brought in to replace Terrence Howard in the role of James Rhodes. In early 2009, Rourke, Rockwell and Johansson completed the supporting cast. The movie went into production that summer. Like its predecessor, the movie was shot mostly in California, except for a key sequence in Monaco.

Release Dates 

2010s superhero movies
Marvel Cinematic Universe movies
Movies directed by Jon Favreau
Iron Man movies
Drone movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Monaco
Movies set in New Mexico
Movies set in New York (state)
Alternative Airplay is a music chart in the United States. It was named Modern Rock Tracks from 1988 to 2009. It ranks the 40 most-played songs on alternative rock radio stations. Since September 10, 1988, Alternative Airplay has appeared in Billboard magazine.

Other websites 
 Billboard.com - This week's Hot Modern Rock Tracks 

Record charts
Pokémon Pinball: Ruby & Sapphire is a 2003 Game Boy Advance video game made by Jupiter and published by Nintendo.  It is the sequel to the Game Boy Color video game Pokémon Pinball.

2003 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Pinball video games
Pinball: Ruby and Sapphire
Non-fiction is writing about facts.  Although non-fiction is supposed to be truthful, sometimes it may not be.  People normally assume that authors mean to be truthful, but they might make mistakes.  Writing is normally split into two parts: non-fiction and fiction.  As well as non-fiction books, there are also pictures and films.

Types of non-fiction 

Autobiography 
Biography 
Diagram
Dictionary
Documentary
Encyclopedia
Essay
History

Journal
Journalism
Letter
Natural history
Philosophy
Photograph
Textbook

Other websites 
 Nonfiction Book Awards
The movie has stayed popular over the years because of television and VHS; in 1994 the movie became one of the best selling movies of the year, 21 years after its first premiere. No other non-Disney musical animated movie has become so popular again later. This new popularity helped to create a direct-to-video sequel, Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure, which Paramount released in the US on March 18, 2003 (Universal released the movie internationally), followed by a live-action movie version of E. B. White's original story, which was released on December 15, 2006. The movie was presented by Pulitzer Prize in 1985, the year in which author E. B. White died. E. B. White himself wrote about it.
A litter of 11 piglets are born to a mother pig on a farm owned by the Arable family. The 11th of the 11 baby pigs, named Wilbur, is a very small and the mother pig can't feed him. So John Arable decides to "do away" with Wilbur. However, when his daughter, Fern Arable, hears of the pig's fate she rescues him and tells her father it is unfair to kill Wilbur since he is smaller than the others. John agrees and Fern is allowed to keep the little piglet as a pet. Fern and Wilbur loved each other. Fern takes Wilbur around in a baby carriage and gives him a bath. However, after only six weeks of raising him, John Arable tells Fern that it is time for him to be sold. Wilbur was no longer a baby piglet but a full grown boar. Fern sadly says good-bye as Wilbur is sold down the street to her uncle, Homer Zuckerman. When Wilbur wants to play with a lamb, the lamb's father says that sheep do not play with pigs because it is only a matter of time before they are turned into smoked bacon and ham
. Wilbur starts crying saying that he does not want to die, but a voice from above tells him to "chin up". Wilbur goes to sleep feeling better.
The next day the voice sings a song about "chinning up", and reveals herself to be a spider named Charlotte. Charlotte saves Wilbur by writing messages in her web, which is why the movie is called "Charlotte's Web." She starts to write messages in her web, calling him "terrific" and "some pig." The messages get a lot of attention from the media and other neighbors to the fair. Wilbur is such a media hit that this convinces the Arables, Zuckermans and Fussys to keep him and not kill him. Charlotte eventually lays her eggs and dies. When the baby spiders are born (514), most of them leave. Three of them stay, and for a number of years a few of Charlotte's kids stay around the farm and keep Wilbur company. But as much as Wilbur loves them, they will never replace the memory of his friend Charlotte.

Voice cast
Voice cast

Release 
The movie was released to theaters on March 1, 1973 by Paramount Pictures in the United States. It was released on February 22, 1973 in New York City in less theaters, and also released in West Germany on March 30, 1973, as well as August 11 in Sweden, and August 25 in Japan.

Reception
Critical reception 
Rotten Tomatoes says that the movie has a 74% "fresh" rating based on 19 reviews, with a score of 6.6. The RT community gave the movie an 86% approval rating, with a score of 7/10.
E.B. White's Reaction 
According to Gene Deitch, a director of animation and friend of E. B. White, the author's wife wrote the following words in a 1977 letter: "We have never ceased to regret that your version of "Charlotte's Web" never got made. The Hanna-Barberra version has never pleased either of us... a travesty..." E.B. White himself wrote of the film: "The story is interrupted every few minutes so that somebody can sing a jolly song. I do not care much for jolly songs. The Blue Hill Fair, which I tried to report faithfully in the book, has become a Disney World, with 76 trombones. But that's what you get for getting embroiled in Hollywood."

Songs 
 "Chin Up"
 "I Can Talk!"
 "Zuckerman's Famous Pig"
 "A Veritable Smorgasbord"
 "We've Got Lots In Common"
 "Mother Earth and Father Time"
 "There Must Be Something More"
 "Deep In The Dark/Charlotte's Web"

"Chin Up" is sung by Charlotte the spider when she first meets Wilbur the pig in the barnyard. She convinces him to look on the bright side.
"I Can Talk!" is sung by Wilbur the pig who had previously been unable to utter words. The Goose realizes as she is sitting on her eggs that her new neighbor in the pen beside her, Wilbur the pig, has not been eating his food, and that he seems to be sad. She offers him an ear if he will come over to her and talk since she cannot get off of her eggs. But soon she realizes that Wilbur cannot talk. She encourages him to try... And with a couple grunts, and a "Wa... Wa... Wa" "Wi... Wi... Will...bur.. WILBUR!" Suddenly, with the Goose's help, Wilbur realizes he can talk and say all the things he wants. Wilbur sings a song about his new talking skills, while waking up some of the other farm animals with his excitement.

"A Veritable Smorgasbord" is introduced and sung in the story by the Goose, sung again by the Goose and Templeton. It is sung another time, this time at a "double time" tempo sung solo by Templeton.
"Zuckerman's Famous Pig" is the title given to Wilbur the pig hero which saves him from being killed in the story, and the theme of the finale song in the movie. The song was composed and arranged in a barbershop quartet style by the Sherman Brothers, in keeping with the time and place of the story. It was covered by the Brady Kids and was chosen for release on their first single taken from The Brady Bunch Phonographic Album by producer Jackie Mills.

"We've Got Lots in Common" is sung by Wilbur to the new gosling (baby goose), Jeffery, who, like Wilbur, is a runt. Wilbur passes on one of the lessons which Charlotte has taught him. The other barnyard animals sing along as well. In the advertisement for suppliers of the movie, a rare piece of footage of the Sherman Brothers singing "We've Got Lots In Common" can be seen. In this part, Richard Sherman plays piano while Robert Sherman stands over his brother's shoulder and sings along. The song was filmed in an unnamed recording studio in Los Angeles in 1972.
"Mother Earth and Father Time" is introduced in the story by Charlotte and sang a second time in the movie as Charlotte is dying. According to The Annotated Charlotte's Web by Peter F. Neumeyer, some fans of the book are not in favor of the song's placement in the movie because it ruins E. B. White's strong words from the book, "...And she didn't move again." which many people find extremely moving. The Sherman Brothers' father, songwriter Al Sherman, believed the Charlotte's Web song score, and "Mother Earth and Father Time" in particular, to be the brothers' finest work. The lyric addresses the idea of thinking about one's life. In the storyline the song is sung by Charlotte at the end of her life. Ironically, Al Sherman died shortly after the movie was released.
"Charlotte's Web" is the title song of the movie. In the movie the song is sung back-to-back with "Deep in the Dark". The title song was covered by The Brady Bunch among others. In the movie, Charlotte tells Wilbur to go to sleep, and she would see him in the morning, and she sings a song called "Deep In the Dark" to put the barnyard to sleep.

The title song was covered (when an artist sings a song that is not their own) by The Brady Bunch among others: The Brady Bunch Phonographic Album features three Sherman Brothers songs including "River Song" from Tom Sawyer, "Zuckerman's Famous Pig" and "Charlotte's Web". Their cover of the song is also featured on their "Greatest hits" album It's a Sunshine Day: The Best of The Brady Bunch.

References

Other websites
American animated movies
American family movies
1970s American musical movies
Movies about spiders
Movies based on books
Pulitzer Prize winners
1970s English-language movies
1973 comedy-drama movies
1973 fantasy movies
1970s American adventure movies
American comedy-drama movies
American musical fantasy movies
1970s animated movies
American buddy comedy movies
Coming-of-age movies
Hanna-Barbera
Paramount movies
A sphinx (Boeotian:  , plural sphinxes or sphinges) is a mythical creature with the head of a human, the body of a lion, and the wings of an eagle.

In ancient Greek mythology, this is a monster with the head of a woman, the front feet and body of a lion, the wings of an eagle, and the tail of a bull. This is an evil creature. It kills people and then eats them. This is the character of the legend of Oedipus.

In Egyptian mythology, the sphinx is usually a kind creature, but it has same power as in the Greek version. Both Greek and Egyptian sphinxes guard something, and statues of sphinxes stand near the doors to palaces.

During the Renaissance in Europe, people made the sphinx in different ways. This was because people had translated the description of the sphinx into Renaissance languages differently.
However, pictures of the sphinx are usually associated with the Egyptian Sphinx.
Name 
The word sphinx comes from the Greek word Σφίγξ, meaning "compress", "pull up" because this is how lions kill the animals that they eat.
However, the historian Susan Wise Bauer suggests that the word "sphinx" was instead a Greek corruption of the Egyptian name "shesepankh".

Indian culture also has pictures of lion-men.
Some palaces are decorated with lion-men.

Egypt
Egypt 

A sphinx  dates back to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and its name comes from the Ancient Greek name for a "stranger". The Sphinx is also common in South and South-East Asia, and was popular in Europe from the times of the Renaissance. The Sphinx was famous for riddles. It was used to protect the pyramids of Giza. Giza has ahead of a man and the body of a lion. One notable sphinx appears in the legend of Oedipus and killed travellers who failed to correctly answer a riddle about the three ages of man ("Which creature has one voice, but travels on four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon and three in the evening?"). Oedipus correctly solved it ("Man-he crawls on all fours as a baby, in adulthood, he walks upright, and in old age, he walks with a cane").

References

Legendary creatures
'Ulysses' is the Latin name for Odysseus, a character in ancient Greek literature.

Ulysses can also be:
 Ulysses (spacecraft)
 Ulysses (novel), a book by James Joyce
 "Ulysses", a poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Ulysses (1955 movie), a movie starring Kirk Douglas
Safe sex (also called Safer sex or protected sex) is to have sex in a safe way. There are many dangers with having sex. Perhaps the most well-known are:
Unwanted pregnancy; contraception can help this. 
Catching diseases that can be spread through having sex. Some of these, such as Syphilis, Gonorrhea or Trichomoniasis can be cured. Others conditions, such as AIDS, Hepatitis, and Herpes simplex are caused by viruses. Such diseases or conditions are hard to cure, or they cannot be cured at all. Condoms can help limit the spread of these diseases.
There are many ways of having safe sex. Some of these include:
Using a condom or dental dam to create a barrier between the individuals. This is the way which most people have safe sex.
Masturbating rather than having normal sex. This is because the body parts never come into contact making it harder for diseases to spread.
Oral Sex is also lots safer although there is still a high risk. Using a condom or dam while having oral sex or rimming is even safer.
Abstinence, or not having sex at all.

Sexually transmitted diseases
Commons may refer to:
 Common good
 Common land, shared area of land
 The commons, shared resources
 Commons (road), place where several roadways share pavement
 House of Commons, a parliamentary house
 Wikimedia Commons, a project of the Wikimedia Foundation
 Creative Commons, licensing system for creative works
 Digital Commons, public domain knowledge reproduced in digital formats

Related pages
Common
Ted Hughes OM, (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet and writer of children's stories. He was born in Mytholmroyd, West Riding of Yorkshire. He was married to the American poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her suicide in 1963. From 1984 until his death, he was the British Poet Laureate. He died of colorectal cancer in London, aged 68.

Other websites
 Hughes at poets.org

1930 births
1998 deaths
British poets laureate
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from colorectal cancer
English poets
Order of Merit
People from West Yorkshire
Writers from Yorkshire
Biffy Clyro, often called Biffy by fans, are a Scottish rock band. The band are signed to Roadrunner Records and have released four albums and an EP. Their fourth album Puzzle got them much mainstream and popular attention.   

1995 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Roadrunner Records
Scottish rock bands
1990s establishments in Scotland
Black Stone Cherry are a rock band from Kentucky, USA. They are signed to Roadrunner Records and have released two albums, called Black Stone Cherry and Folklore and Superstition.  The band has had several songs reach the top 30 of Billboard's Top Mainstream Rock Songs, including "Lonely Train", which reached #14 on that chart in 2006.

Members of the band
Chris Robertson (lead vocals, guitar)
Ben Wells (guitar, backing vocals) 
Jon Lawhon (bass guitar, backing vocals)
John Fred Young (drums, backing vocals)

References

Other websites

Black Stone Cherry's official website

Roadrunner Records
American hard rock bands
American heavy metal bands
Post-grunge bands
Southern rock bands
Entertainers from Kentucky
Gerald "Jerry" Wexler (January 10, 1917 – August 15, 2008) was a music journalist who became a music producer, and was thought of as an important name in his field from the 1950s through the 1980s. He came up with the term "Rhythm & Blues", and was important in working with big people in music of the last 50 years, such Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, Led Zeppelin, Wilson Pickett, Dusty Springfield, and Bob Dylan. Wexler became part of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987.

Other websites
Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame Inductee Information
AllMusic.com
Salon.com
NYTimes obit

American journalists
Grammy Award winners
Writers from New York City
1917 births
2008 deaths
Michael Francis "Mick" Foley, Sr (born March 31, 1966 is an American author, actor and professional wrestler. He has wrestled under the names Dude Love, Cactus Jack, and Mankind.

Careers 
A hardcore specialist, Foley is known as "The King of Hardcore Wrestling". He is a former ECW, WCW and WWE Tag Team Champion and was a part of the "Rock and Sock Connection" with wrestler The Rock.

He has held the WWE Championship 3 times. He has held the TNA World Heavyweight Championship after defeating Sting at Lockdown 2008. In WWE he has won a total of 17 championships.

He was announced as the first inductee into the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2013.

Works
Memoirs
(1999) Have a Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks. ReganBooks. . (credited as Mankind/Mick Foley)
(2001) Foley Is Good: And the Real World Is Faker than Wrestling. ReganBooks. .
(2007) The Hardcore Diaries. PocketBooks. 
(2010) Countdown to Lockdown: A Hardcore Journal. Grand Central Publishing.
Children's fiction
(2000) Mick Foley's Christmas Chaos. ReganBooks. .
(2001) Mick Foley's Halloween Hijinx. HarperCollins Publishers. .
(2004) Tales From Wrescal Lane. World Wrestling Entertainment..

Contemporary fiction
(2003) Tietam Brown. Knopf. .
(2005) Scooter. Knopf. .
Filmography
2012: 30 Rock - as Mankind (1 Episode, "The Ballad of Kennith Parcell")
2010: Family Feud - as Himself (5 episodes)
2010:  "Warren the Ape: Anger Management" - as Himself.
2010: Savage Hot Babe Massacre
2009–2010: The Daily Show - Himself (Job Title: "Senior Ass Kicker")(2 episodes)
2009: Hard Knocks - as TBA (Post-Production)
2009: Squidbillies - as Thunderclap (1 Episode, Anabolic-Holic)
2009: Bloodstained Memoirs - as Himself
2007: Anamorph - as Antique Store Owner
2007: Staten Island - as Pawn Shop Owner
2006–2007: Avatar: The Last Airbender - as The Boulder (Voice, 2 Episodes)
2003: Jimmy Kimmel Live! - as Himself (Guest Co-Host, 5 Episodes)
2001: The Tonight Show with Jay Leno - as Himself (1 Episode)
2001: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? - as Himself (Contestant)
2001: Robot Wars: Extreme Wars - as Himself (Host)
2000: Saturday Night Live - as Himself (1 Episode)
2000: Big Money Hustlas - as Cactus Sac
2000: Now and Again - as Charlie (1 Episode, "The Eggman Cometh")
2000: Celebrity Death Match - as Mankind (1 Episode, "Battle of the Heavy Metal Headbangers")
1999: Late Night with Conan O'Brien - as Himself (1 Episode)
1999: The Martin Short Show - as Himself (1 Episode)
1999: The Howard Stern Show - as Himself (1 Episode)
1999–2001: The Howard Stern Radio Show - as Himself (3 Episodes)
1999: G vs E - as Himself (1 Episode, "Sunday Night Evil")
1999: Boy Meets World - as Mankind (1 Episode, "For Love And Apartments")
1999: Total Request Live - as Mankind (1 Episode)
1999: Beyond the Mat - as Himself
References

1965 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
People from Bloomington, Indiana
Sportspeople from Indiana
Writers from Indiana
WWE Hall of Fame
A Cyclic redundancy check (often shortened to CRC) is a way to calculate a checksum, based on a polynomial. In computer science, CRCs are used to check that no errors occurred transmitting the data. The transmitted messages are divided into predetermined lengths which, used as dividends, are divided by a fixed divisor. The remainder of the calculation is appended onto and sent with the computer recalculates the remainder. If it does not match the transmitted remainder, an error is detected. At this point, the data is re-sent. Ethernet packets have a (CRC) code.  

For example:
For example: 

If 'm' is your message of 16 bits, and you are calculating a CRC of 8 bits (CRC-8), then let 'x' be message 'm' appended by 7 zeroes. Let 'y' be a "magic" number. Divide 'x' by 'y', until you obtain a remainder that is not divisible further. Take this remainder and subtract it from the "magic" number 'y' and add this result to 'x' to obtain 'z'. 'z' is now a multiple of the "magic" number 'y' and dividing 'z' by 'y' will give a zero remainder. 'z' can now be transmitted to the receiver. The receiver will perform this division and check if the remainder is zero to confirm that there were no errors in transmission. The message can be recovered by simply reading the most significant 16 bits in the 24 bit transmission. 

In real world systems, these long division operations are performed in hardware by bit-shifting and XORing, a feat which is trivial for digital electronics to perform at extremely high speeds. 

Computer science
Binary arithmetics
Algorithms
Bucov is a commune in the Prahova County, Romania.  About 10,500 people live in Bucov as of the year 2002.

Bucov
A padded cell is a special room in a hospital for mentally ill people. It's made so that the patients can be put there when they go through a crisis (or they have a fit or seizure). They are put there so they can go through their crisis on their own, without putting others into danger. Padded cells are made in special ways so that those having the crisis cannot hurt themselves. Padded cells have been used for a long time in psychiatry. In the 1980s, their use declined in Europe. This is because there are drugs that can be given that make them nearly unnecessary. 

They are still widely used, especially in Africa and Asia. 

Seizures and crises are usually very tiring. For this reason, patients usually only spend a short time in these cells. They usually collapse because of fatigue rather quickly. When they do, they need medical attention quickly.

Hospitals
Psychiatry
Rüttenen is a municipality in Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lebern District
The Feeling are a five person band that come from Sussex, England. The bands music is classed as pop. They have been nominated for many awards including a BRIT award in 2006. 

The first of their four top 10 singles was the song "Sewn" in March 2006. It was one of 2006's most played songs. It was first played on BBC Radio 2. The Feeling's debut album was named "Twelve Stops and Home", which made it to number two in the UK album chart.

2000s music groups
English rock bands
Mangwal is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°6'30N 72°49'32E.

References

Union councils of Chakwal District
Mangwal is a village in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. It is at 34°36'7N 70°49'41E. Its height is .

References

Settlements in Afghanistan
Kunar Province
Afghanistan is in the middle of Asia. The country is landlocked and mountainous, and has most of the Hindu Kush mountains. There are four major rivers in the country: the Amu Darya, the Hari River, the Kabul River and the Helmand River. The country also contains a number of smaller rivers, lakes, and streams.

Borders
Afghanistan has 5529 km of borders. They are with neighbouring countries:
Pakistan: 2,430 km, known as the Durand Line. This is in the south and southeast of Afghanistan. 
Iran, to the west of Afghanistan. The border is 936 km long 
Tajikistan has a border of 1,206 km with Afghanistan to the north 
Turkmenistan has a border of 744 km 
Uzbekistan has a border of 137 km
Afghanistan also has a disputed border with China. It is 76 km in length and is in the far northeast of the country. This is disputed by Pakistan and Tajikistan which both claim the area.

The borders are called "porous". That means that in many places people can cross over with not much official control.
Land
Afghanistan has a lot of rugged mountains known as the Hindu Kush as well areas of desert.

 Highest and lowest
 Lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m
 Highest point: Noshaq 7,492 m

 Natural hazards
 Damaging earthquakes occur in the Hindsh mountains; flooding and droughts in the south and south-west of the country.

 Natural resources 
Afghanistan's natural resources include: natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, uranium, gold, silver, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones.

Mountain systems

The Hindu Kush reaches a height of 7485 m. / 24,557 ft. at Nowshak, Afghanistan's highest peak. Of the ranges extending southwestward from the Hindu Kush, the Koh-i-Baba reaches the greatest height (Shah Fuladi, 5,142 m /16,870 ft). The Safed Koh range, which includes the Tora Bora area, dominates the border area southeast of Kabul.
The area towards the Khyber Pass across the Safed Koh are in eastern Afghanistan; at the top the height is 1070 m. / 3,509 ft. at Landi Kotal. This area is near to Pakistan, the town of Torkham is five kilometres from Pakistan.

References

Other websites
Topographic map of Afghanistan (1 : 300 000) www.cesty.in
Persia (Iran), Afghanistan and Baluchistan is an old map, featuring Afghanistan, from 1897. It's written in English.
Afghanistan, Beloochistan, etc. is another old map, from 1893. It was published by the Methodist church.
Menoitios (or Menoetius) was the Titan god (perhaps) of violent anger, rash action, and human mortality. Zeus struck him down with a thunderbolt and sent him to Erebos (the Underworld) as punishment for his hybristic behaviour.

He was a son of Iapetus and Clymene or Asia, and a brother of Atlas, Prometheus and Epimetheus. He was struck by Zeus with a flash of lightning, in the fight of the Titans, and thrown into Tartarus but he was not killed. (Hes. Theog. 507, &c., 514; Apollod. i. 2. § 3; Schol. ad Aeschyl. Prom. 347.)

The name Menoitios was derives from the Greek words menos meaning variously might, force, spirit, passion, batterage, and oitos meaning ill-fated or doomed. Hesiod also describes him as hybristes, a violent, overbearing and insolent man. Menoitios and his brothers, the sons of Iapetos, were all depicted with extreme human foibles: Prometheus was overly crafty, Epimetheus a fool, and Atlas exceedingly daring.
Menoitios was perhaps identical to Menoites the herdsman of Hades, whom Herakles wrestled with in the underworld. This connection with cattle, suggests that he was also the same as Bouphagos (the Cattle Eater) son of Iapetos, a hybristic man who attacked the goddess Artemis in Arkadia.

Titans
Miani is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

References

Union councils of Chakwal District
Miani can refer to:

 Miani - a town in Sindh
 Miani - a town in Punjab (Pakistan)
 Miani (tribe) - A Pathan Tribe
 The Battle of Miani (Mee-a-nee)
Miani or Meeanee was a village in Sindh, Pakistan, six miles north of Hyderabad. It was the site of the Battle of Miani, 17 February 1843, in which Sir Charles Napier defeated the ruler of Sindh and made it part of British India.

Settlements in Sindh
Hyderabad District
Hyderabad (Sindhi and  ) is in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro on the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus River known as Neroon Kot ().

Hyderabad used to be the capital of Sindh. Now it is the capital of the district of Hyderabad. Before the starting of Pakistan, it was known as the Paris of India, for its roads used to be washed with perfumed rose-water every day and sandalwood incense would linger in the air.

Prominent people 

There are many prominent people who belong to Hyderabad Sindh. Among them are Dr. Ghulam Mustafa, Filmstar Muhammad Ali, Dr. Amir Liaqauat, Speaker National Assembly Fahmida Mirza, Qazi Asad Abid, Mustafa Qureshi, and Dr.Syed Mehboob, a writer and columnist, also born and educated in Hyderabad.

Cities in Sindh
Hyderabad District
Miani is a small town of Bhalwal Tehsil, Sargodha District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is about 70 km from Sargodha city.

History
Miani used to have a large  population of Hindus before the partition of India. They had to leave their ancestral homes and move to India after partition. Sargodha itself  was the homeland  of Khatris and had a large concentration of the ancient Khatri clans. Khatris are found among both Hindu as well as Muslim Punjabis. Some Khatris were converted to Islam after he introduction of Islam into the Punjab. Miani continues to have a population of Muslim Khatris or Punjabi Shaikhs.
Pre-partition, there were also many Hindu Brahmin families living in Miani. There were Gosain Brahmins of six clans, some of which are Balak-nathiye, Dabre, Bhature. The details are available with Purohits at Haridwar, India, a most holy place for Hindus on the banks of holy river Ganges. They were living, before partition, in and around Jhikki Gali of Miani, which was near a 'Roni Khui' or a well. These Gosain families would marry their children into Bagge, Kapooriye Saraswat Brahmins of the region. Other Brahmin families of Miani were Mohyal Brahmins, mainly Dutt. A very large house belonging to a Dutt family still stands tall in Miani with the name 'Krishen Niwas' inscribed in Hindi on the elaborately carved, large wooden doors (for which Miani & Bhera were famous). This door has also engravings of Lord Krishna, cows, lotus etc.  

Miani was nicknamed Namak-Miani (salt Miani) because it was the main marketplace for salt that was mined from the mountains around Khewra.
Towns in Punjab (Pakistan)
Sargodha District
Vltava is a river which flows through the Czech Republic and its capital city, Prague. It starts as two small springs and ends at the Elbe. Composer Bedřich Smetana wrote a symphonic poem about this river, sometimes called "The Moldau".

Rivers of the Czech Republic
Sargodha is the capital city of Sargodha District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. In old times, it was part of 'Shahpur' area under the British Raj. It was primarily an agricultural market town but now, it has also developed as a garrison town for the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Air Force. 

Cities in Punjab (Pakistan)
Sargodha District
The Miani, are a Pashtun tribe, they mainly live in the Gomal plains which are part of Tank District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A few of the tribe also live in the Frontier Region of Dera Ismail Khan District and in Afghanistan.

Tank District
Pakistani tribes
Ethnic groups in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Pashtuns, (sometimes spelled Pushtuns, or Pakhtuns, or Pukhtuns), (, ) historically known as Afghans are an Iranic ethnic group and the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and the second largest in Pakistan. Their native language is Pashto, but many of them also speak neighboring Dari, Hindko and Urdu languages. They are the original or native people of the area south of the Hindu Kush in Afghanistan and west of the Indus River in Pakistan. However, in the modern period, they have spread to cities outside their native land. According to researchers, the total population of the group is estimated to be around 90 million.
Origins
Many Pashtuns believe that their ancestors were ancient Hebrews who arrived to what is now Afghanistan over 2,000 years ago and settled there however this claim has no basis and the likely origins of the Pashtuns are that their ancestors were ancient Iranian farmers who settled down in the region from Central Asia.  They were first mentioned by a Greek historian in 500 BC, then by Alexander the Great, and in the 3rd century they are called "Abgans" ("Afghans") by the Persian rulers. In the army of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids, thousands of Afghans were reported to be serving. They ruled Delhi Sultanate in the past and also Persia between 1725 to 1729 until they established the last Afghan empire that became what is now Afghanistan.
Tribal code
The Pashtun people follow a strict code of honor, known as Pakhtunwali, that requires them to support the poor, the weak, and the challenged; to fight evil; to provide shelter to anyone who needs it and many more. Pashtun are also strict with obedience in their families and society. They are also known as the best at welcoming guests and taking good care of them. They really love to see respectful people in society, with great manners and obedience.

Occupations
The Pashtuns are mostly farmers, herdsmen, and warriors but many of them are also businessmen and politicians. Most tribesmen are sedentary farmers, combining cultivation with animal husbandry; some are migratory herdsmen and caravaners. Large numbers of them have always been attracted to military service.
Populations in Afghanistan
In Afghanistan, Pashtun make up around 75% of the total population. They form about 60 tribes of different size and importance, each of which occupies a different territory. In Afghanistan, where Pashtun are the major ethnic group, the main tribes are the Durrani, who mostly live in the south and west, and the Ghilzai, who live in northern and eastern parts of the country.
Populations in Pakistan
They are over 15% of Pakistan's population, with Peshawar and Quetta being their principal cities. They predominate north of Quetta between the Sulaiman Range and the Indus River. Significant number of Pashtuns also live in most other major Pakistani cities, particularly Karachi, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Lahore. In the hill areas the main tribes are, from south to north: the Tarin, Kakaṛ, Sherani, and Ustarana south of the Gumal River; the Maḥsud, Darwesh Khel, Waziri, and Biṭani between the Gumal River and Thal; the Turi, Bangash, Orakzay, Afridi, and Shinwari from Thal to the Khyber Pass; and the Mahmand, Utman Khel, Tarklani, and Yusufzay to the north and northeast of the Khyber.

Notes and references

Other websites

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnic groups in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
The Cod Wars, also called the Iceland Cod Wars (Icelandic: Þorskastríðin, "the cod wars", or Landhelgisstríðin, "the wars for the territorial waters") were a series of confrontations in the 1950s and 1970s between the United Kingdom and Iceland regarding fishing rights in the North Atlantic.  The name of the conflict may be derived from a pun on the term "Cold War" (with "cod" reading so similarly to "cold"), possibly via the British tabloid press.

In 1972, Iceland unilaterally declared an Exclusive Economic Zone extending beyond its territorial waters, before announcing plans to reduce over-fishing. It policed its quota system with the coast guard, leading to a series of net-cutting incidents with British trawlers that fished the areas. As a result, a fleet of British Royal Naval warships and tug-boats was employed to act as a deterrent against any future harassment of British fishing crews by the Icelandic craft.
In 1976, a compromise between the two states allowed a maximum of 24 British trawlers access to the disputed 200 nautical mile (370 km) limit.  Two-hundred-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zones became recognized internationally on November 14, 1994, after having been agreed at the conference on the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982.

References 

History of international relations
Fishing
1950s in the United Kingdom
1970s in the United Kingdom
20th century in Iceland