Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
William 'Strata' Smith (23 March 1769 – 28 August 1839) was an English geologist, who created the first nationwide geological map.

Like another great scientist of his time, Michael Faraday, he was the son of a blacksmith. His geological discoveries were made when, as a young man, he was a surveyor, and so travelled the country. Smith's greatest discovery was that sedimentary rocks of a similar age held fossils of a similar type. So he could identify them when they were at the surface in different parts of the country.

Smith put together the historical geology of Britain (England and Wales) and southern Scotland into a single record. At the time his map was published he was almost unknown to the scientific community. His humble family and education meant he did not mix easily in learned society. His work was plagiarised, he was financially ruined, and he spent time in debtors' prison. It was only later in his life that Smith got recognition for what he had done.
The map 
In 1799 Smith produced the first large scale geologic map of the area around Bath, Somerset. Before, he only knew how to draw the vertical extent of the rocks, but not how to display them horizontally. Then, in the Somerset County Agricultural Society, he found a map showing the types of soil and vegetation around Bath and their geographical extent. The different types were coloured. Using this technique, Smith could draw a geological map from his observations showing the outcrops of the rocks. He took a few rock types, each with its own colour. Then he estimated the boundaries of each of the outcrops of rock, filled them in with colour and ended up with a crude geological map.

In 1801, he drew a rough sketch of what would become "The map that changed the world".
In 1815 he published the first geological map of Britain. Conventional symbols were used to mark canals, tunnels, tramways and roads, collieries, lead, copper and tin mines, together with salt and alum works. The various geological types were indicated by different colours; the maps were hand coloured. The map is remarkably similar to modern geological maps of England. He also published his Delineation of the strata of England in the same year. In another of his books Strata identified by organized fossils (London 1816–1819) he recognised that strata contained distinct fossils. These fossil assemblages could be used to match rocks between regions. This marks Smith as an important figure in the history of stratigraphy.

In 1817 he drew a remarkable geological vertical section from Snowdon to London. Unfortunately, his maps were soon copied (plagiarised) and sold for prices lower than he was asking. He went into debt and finally became bankrupt.
On 31 August 1819 Smith was released from King's Bench Prison in London, a debtor's prison. He returned to his home at 15 Buckingham Street to find a bailiff at the door and his home and property seized. Smith again worked as an travelling surveyor for years. One of his employers, Sir John Johnstone, recognised him and took steps to get him the respect he deserved. Between 1824 and 1826 he lived and worked in Scarborough. There he was responsible for the building of the Rotunda, a geological museum devoted to the Yorkshire coast. The Rotunda was re-opened as 'Rotunda – The William Smith Museum of Geology', on 9 May 2008.

Legacy
Legacy

The first geological map of Britain, much copied in his time, and the basis for all others.
Geological Surveys around the world owe a debt to his work.
His nephew John Phillips lived during his youth with William Smith and was his apprentice. John Phillips became a major figure in 19th century geology and paleontology—among other things he was first to specify most of the table of geologic eras that is used today (1841).
A crater on Mars is named after him.
The Geological Society of London presents an annual lecture in his honour.
His work was an important foundation for the work of Charles Darwin.

References 

English geologists
1769 births
1839 deaths
Belgian might mean:

Anything related to the country of Belgium
Belgians, the people of Belgium
Belgian horse, a breed of horse
Mukeshpuri is the highest mountain in the Nathiagali Hills. It is  high. It is in the Abbottabad District, Pakistan. Islamabad is  south of Mukeshpuri.

Mukeshpuri is a Sanskrit word. It means "place of quietness". The Jhelum River can be seen from the top of the mountain.

Mountains of Pakistan
Abbottabad District
In Anatolian mythology, Cybele was the personification of the earth. She was the goddess of nature, fertility, mountains, and wild animals. She is often represented sitting on a throne, flanked by two lions, and wearing a mural crown. In Phrygian myth, she was born a hermaphroditic being named Agdistis, a child of Zeus and Gaia. Cybele had a shepherd consort named Attis, and a priesthood of eunuchs called the Galli. Her cult was adopted by the Greeks and later by the Romans.

Mythology
Zeus let fall in his sleep seed upon the Earth, which in course of time gave birth to an androgynous being, born both male and female, whom they called Agdistis. But the gods, fearing Agdistis, cut off the male organ. The blood fertilized the soil and there grew up from it an almond-tree. A daughter of the river Sangarius picked an almond and laid it in her bosom, where the almond disappeared. She then had a child, a baby boy named Attis.
Cult
Her orgiastic cult dominated the central and north-western districts of Asia Minor, and was introduced into Greece via the island of Samothrake and the Boiotian town of Thebes. Cybele was closely associated with a number of Greek goddesses, firstly Rhea, the Greek mother of the gods (Meter Theon), but sometimes also Demeter (especially in the Samothrakian cult), Aphrodite (on Mount Ida) and Artemis (in Karia). Her main cult followers were the Galli, these were eunuch priests of a feminine nature, who celebrated her festivals with wild dancing, self-laceration, and self-scourging.

Related pages

 Archigallus, the high-priest of Cybele
 Taurobolium, the sacrifice of a bull to Cybele

Greek gods and goddesses
Roman gods and goddesses
is a Japanese city in Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Tanegashima.

History
The city was established on 1 October 1958.

Timeline
 1543 (Tenbun 12, 25th day of the 8th month):  Portuguese ship landed at Tanegashima bringing the first gun into Japan. Fernão Mendes Pinto is believed to be the first European to set foot on Japan.
 1993 (Heisei 5): Nishinoomote developed a twin town link with Vila do Bispo, Portugal.

Related pages
 Nishinoomote Seamount

References

Other websites

 http://www.city.nishinoomote.kagoshima.jp/ 

Cities in Kagoshima Prefecture
In Anatolian mythology, Attis was the eunuch consort of the goddess Cybele. He was the son of Nana, the daughter of the river god Sangarius. Attis died after being castrated and was resurrected by Cybele. He was a god of vegetation and represented the fruits of the earth, which died in winter and grew back again in the spring. He is often shown wearing a Phrygian cap on his head. The cult of Cybele and Attis was adopted by the Greeks and later by the Romans.

Greek gods and goddesses
Roman gods and goddesses
In Anatolian, Greek and Roman mythology, Agdistis was a hermaphroditic being, and symbolized the wild and uncontrolled powers of nature. She is the personification of a mountain of the same name in Phrygia.

Mythology
She was born after Zeus accidentally impregnated the earth goddess Gaia. The gods feared Agdistis because she held all the powers of creation within her body. Dionysus tricked her into castrating herself, and from then on she was known as the goddess Cybele. The blood from her severed gentials fertilized the earth, and from that spot an almond tree grew. One day the nymph Nana picked an almond from the tree, and held it against her chest, the almond vanished and she became pregnant with Attis.
Cult
Some ancient writers say Agdistis is the same as Cybele, and worshiped under that name. In many ancient inscriptions, Agdistis is clearly separate from Cybele, but in many others she is listed as an epithet of Cybele. Although primarily an Anatolian goddess, the cult of Agdistis covered a lot of territory. By 250 BC it had spread to Egypt, and later to Attica, Rhamnus around 80 BC (where there was a sanctuary of Agdistis), and later in Lesbos and Panticapeum. 

Greek gods and goddesses
Roman gods and goddesses
The Galli (singular: Gallus) were eunuch priests of the goddess Cybele or Agdistis. They were temple attendants sometimes wandering the streets begging for charity, and in return they told people's fortunes. The Galli wore feminine clothing and grew their hair long, wearing earrings, necklaces, and heavy make-up. At festivals to Cybele and Attis they danced around wildly to loud music and whipped themselves until they bled. The newcomers to the priesthood would voluntarily castrate themselves.

Archigallus
In Rome, the head of the galli was known as the Archigallus. A number of archaeological finds depict the Archigallus wearing luxurious and extravagant costumes. The Archigallus was always a Roman citizen chosen by Rome's college of priests, and the term of service lasted for life. Along with the institution of the Archigallus came the Phrygianum sanctuary and the rite of the taurobolium, two aspects of the Cybele cult which the Archigallus had responsibility, as well as presiding over the Galli priests.
Demchok or "New Demchok" is a small village and military encampment in the Indian-administered part of the disputed Demchok sector south of Aksai Chin, in the Ladakh district of Kashmir. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) passes along the southeast side of the village, following a wadi just upstream from the nearby Indus River.  Across the wadi, less than a kilometer away, is the Chinese-administered village, called Dêmqog, in the Ngari Prefecture within Tibet. This village was on an old route linking Ladakh and Tibet, currently closed. The village lies 36.5 km east of Ukdungle.

Though the Kailash Mansarovar is 300 km away, the route there is mostly through plains  and there is demand to improve and open a road linking China and Northern Pakistan through Demchok. Islamabad says that this is part of China, however India rejects this and claims the territory to be part of New Delhi's administration.

References 

Kashmir
Territorial disputes of India
Territorial disputes of China
The Carabiniers of Chile, () are the uniformed Chilean national police force and gendarmerie. This institution was created and founded on April 27, 1927. Their main mission is to keep the public order according with the Chilean laws. Since 2011, the institution is under the full control of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security.

In coordination of this institution, the Investigations Police of Chile works also under the control of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security.

Other websites 

Official website of the institution  

1927 establishments in Chile
Law enforcement agencies of Chile
Organisations based in‎ Santiago de Chile
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) was the seventh and last legendary king of ancient Rome. He ruled Rome from 534–510 BC. Many of the stories about him are legends, and are based on earlier Greek and Babylonian stories.

He used force to become king. He changed the constitution of the Roman Kingdom to give himself complete power and used violence to rule. Many members of the Senate were killed and not replaced. He built large monuments, including a fortified temple. He and his family were forced to leave Rome after a revolt by the people. His son Sextus Tarquinius had raped Lucretia, a married noblewoman. Tarquinius Superbus died in Cumae.

References

6th-century BC births
496 BC deaths
Kings of Rome
Columbo is one of the most popular American crime fiction television series, starring Peter Falk as Columbo. From February 20, 1968 – January 30, 2003, a total of 69 episodes were made.

Overview
The show is set in Los Angeles, California. It is done in inverted detective story format; first showing the murderer committing the crime, then Columbo entering the story without knowing who is the murderer, but ending up catching the murderer with the evidences found. Each episode featured a guest star playing the murderer.

Home video release

DVD

Blu-ray release
A complete series was released on Blu-ray Only in Japan.

References

Other websites

 
 Peter Falk's website
 Encyclopedia of Television 
 Columbo on DVD 
 Columbo Prescription:Murder – U.K. stage play tour 
 'Columbo: Just One More Thing' – BBC Radio 4
1968 television series debuts
2003 American television series endings
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
1980s American drama television series
1990s American drama television series
1990s crime television series
2000s American drama television series
2000s crime television series
2000s mystery television series
American crime drama television series
American mystery television series
NBC network shows
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
The Investigations Police of Chile (, or PDI) is the civil police of Chile. It was founded on 1933. The PDI is one of two Chilean police bodies along with Carabiniers de Chile. In their functions, this institution is the first collaborator of the Public Ministry of Chile in terms of criminalistic Investigations.

Notes

Other websites 
 Official Website of the institution  

1933 establishments in South America
Law enforcement agencies of Chile
Organisations based in Santiago de Chile
1930s establishments in Chile
The Chilean Gendarmerie, (, abbreviated to GENCHI) is the title of Chile's uniformed national prison service. The service evolved out of Chilean Army units which were given police and prison duties. It is an armed service responsible to the Ministry of Justice. In the actuality, the service is currently led by the General Director of the Gendarmerie Mr. Luis Masferrer Farías, a lawyer appointed to this role by the Chilean president in 2010.

Other websites 
 Official Website of the institution 

1929 establishments in South America
Law enforcement agencies of Chile
Organisations based in Santiago de Chile
1920s establishments in Chile
Erin Jill Andrews (born May 4, 1978, Lewiston, Maine) is an American sportscaster. She works for FOX Sports. Andrews was a correspondent on Good Morning America. She was best known working for ESPN. Before working for ESPN, she was a TV studio host and sideline reporter for the following teams: Tampa Bay Lightning, Atlanta Braves, Atlanta Hawks, and Atlanta Thrashers reporting for TBS College Football. Andrews did sideline reporting for ABC and ESPN's coverage of college football, the National Hockey League, college basketball, college baseball, the Little League World Series, and Major League Baseball. In July 2012, Andrews joined FOX Sports as a field reporter for the 2012 All-Star Game. She is a studio host for Fox College Football. She also is a feature reporter for Fox NFL Sunday and will join Pam Oliver on the sidelines for the Thanksgiving Classic and NFC Playoffs.

References
References

Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
People from Lewiston, Maine
Writers from Maine
Writers from Florida
American sports commentators
American journalists
1978 births
Living people
was the name for ancient regions of Japan starting in the Asuka period.  Imperial government of Japan was divided into large regions made up of several provinces.

Regions

The Gokishichidō counted the five provinces in the  or capital area as one region.  In addition, there were seven  in an organizational system which was imported from China in the 7th century.  Each of the "circuits" or do was a region which had several provinces within it.

Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important.  However, the traditional  remained cultural markers.
Core
Under the Gokishichido system, the central provinces were considered to be a core region. These lands are called the Kansai region or Kinki or Kinai.  The five provinces included:
Izumi Province, now the southern part of Osaka Prefecture
Kawachi Province, now the southeastern part of Osaka Prefecture
Settsu Province, now the northern part of Osaka Prefecture, including the city of Osaka, and parts of Hyōgo Prefecture
Yamato Province, now Nara Prefecture
Yamashiro Province, now the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, including the city of Kyōto
Circuits
Under the Gokishichido system, there were seven roads which connected the imperial capital with all of the provincial capitals.  The land around each of the roads was called by the same name as the road, including
Hokurikudō, northeast along the coast of the Sea of Japan
Nankaidō, southern side of the Seto Inland Sea
Saikaidō, the southern islands
San'indō, west coast of the Sea of Japan
San'yōdō, northern side of the Seto Inland Sea
Tōkaidō, east coast of the Pacific Ocean
Tōsandō, northeast through the Japanese Alps

Related pages 

 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 Comparison of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Subdivisions of Japan
History of Japan
Good Morning America is an American breakfast television program hosted through the American Broadcasting Company. The show began on November 3, 1975 and airs between 7am and 9am over all Time Zones in the United States and Canada, and one hour on weekends (beginning in 2004). The show is about news, talk, weather and special interest subjects. GMA is produced through ABC News and broadcasted across the Times Square area of New York City.

The show is currently hosted by George Stephanopoulos, Robin Roberts, Michael Strahan, Keke Palmer and Lara Spencer. Amy Robach reads the news while Ginger Zee does the weather. Earlier hosts include Diane Sawyer and Charles Gibson.

American television talk shows
1975 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
The biological species concept gives an explanation of how species form (speciation). A biological species is a group of individuals that can breed together (panmixia). However, they cannot breed with other groups. In other words, the group is reproductively isolated from other groups.
"The words 'reproductively isolated' are the key words of the biological species definition". Ernst Mayr.p273

According to Ernst Mayr, a new species forms when an existing species splits. A similar idea had been suggested in the 19th century by Moritz Wagner. Dobzhansky described the role of reproductive isolation in the formation of new species. Once a species lives in two different areas, the geographical isolation makes breeding between the groups reduce or stop. Each group develops features which make breeding between them work less well. Eventually, each group becomes a 'good' biological species, because the two species do not reproduce with each other even when they are together.
This is still considered the most common reason for species splitting, and has the technical name of allopatric speciation. It is contrasted with sympatric speciation where speciation takes place even though all the members live in the same area.

Its role in taxonomy 
The biological species is the main reason for classifying living things, but applying it in practice is not easy. Good examples of this are the following:

"Lack of mating, sterility or inviability in inter-strain crosses has never been taken on its own as good evidence of separate species, including even Dobzhansky's own studies of sibling Drosophila species".
"The biological species concept has no bearing on asexual organisms, and has severe limitations in its application to other organisms. Endless time and effort can be expended on discussing the species concept, and devising yet further modifications and variations on proposed specific definitions. Such debates have great merit in encouraging more objective reasoning about evolution and taxonomy but, in the meantime, human predation and destruction of habitat continue to erase the subject species. Time is against us... Different species concepts produce [groups of subspecies], so it is futile to contemplate a definitive taxonomic system".

What this is saying is that, in practice, the biological species concept is not sufficient by itself to decide on the classification of animals.

Historical developments
John Ray 
In 1686 John Ray introduced a non-evolutionary biological concept. To him, species were distinguished by always producing the same species, and this was fixed and permanent, though considerable variation was possible within a species.

The idea of a species as a physical type of organism had a long history. This survives as the concept of a type specimen in taxonomy. It was the way Linnaeus worked in his binomial classification, and is still useful for amateur naturalists today.

Charles Darwin 
In the Origin, Charles Darwin said that species were labels which experts gave on the basis of their observations.
"... I look at the term species as one arbitrarily given for the sake of convenience to a set of individuals closely resembling each other...".
But twenty years before, he had a much better idea. He thought of species as maintained by reproductive isolation. He even says "Hence species may be good ones and differ scarcely at all in any external character". Here he quotes the two sibling species of leaf warbler discovered in England by Gilbert White in 1768. At this early stage in his career, Darwin came very close to the modern biological species concept.p266

Modern era 
In the last 70 years two ideas have dominated the way professional biologists think about species.

The first is the population genetics concept. This is where a species is seen as a group which can mate together even though they are all to some extent different. It amounts to saying that a species is a gene pool.

The second is the use of DNA sequence analysis to show whether similar-looking species are genetically different from each other. This is especially useful when it is not practical to do breeding experiments.
Sibling species 
Sibling species are often called cryptic (hidden) species because their differences can only be seen by analysing their DNA. They are very common in the marine environment.

Many cryptic species exist in all habitats. In the marine bryozoan Celleporella hyalina, DNA sequence analysis was used to show that more than ten ecologically distinct species that had been diverging for many millions of years.

Evidence from the identification of cryptic species means that older estimates of global species richness are too low. For example, mitochondrial DNA research suggests there are at least 11 genetically distinct populations of giraffes. Similarly, the Amazonian frog Eleutherodactylus ockendeni is at least three different species which diverged over 5 million years ago.

References 

Evolutionary biology
Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) is an ocean floor feature in the Philippine Sea. It is named after the nearby islands. At the northern end is the Japanese island of Kyushu. At the southern end is the Pacific island nation of Palau.

The seabed ridge begins in an area about 900 km from the eastern end of the  or "Bungo strait" between the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku.  The ridge creates a line on the ocean floor which runs southeast in the direction of the island of Palau.  There is a chain of extinct volcanos on this line.

KPR is southeast of the Japanese island of Kyushu.

History
KPR was created by movement at the northern edges of the Philippine Plate.

Related pages
 Saikaidō Seamounts
 Active volcano
 Dormant volcano

References

Other websites
 Wolfram Alpha, Kyushu-Palau Ridge

Pacific Ocean
Volcanoes of Asia
A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean sea floor. It does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and so is not an island. These are usually formed from submarine volcanoes. They are usually 1,000–4,000 metres (3,000–13,000 ft) in height from the sea floor. 

The peaks are often found hundreds to thousands of metres below the surface, and so are in the deep sea. There are an estimated 100,000 seamounts around the globe, but only a few have been studied. Seamounts come in all shapes and sizes, and follow a distinctive pattern of growth, activity, and death. In recent years, several active seamounts have been observed, for example Loihi seamount in the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.

Over time, the largest seamounts may reach the sea surface. There wave action erodes the summit to form a flat surface.  After they have subsided and sunk below the sea surface such flat-top seamounts are called "guyots" or "tablemounts".
Seamounts are one of the most common oceanic ecosystems in the world. Interactions between seamounts and underwater currents attract plankton, corals, fish, and cetacea alike. Their effect has been noted by the commercial fishing industry, and many seamounts support extensive fisheries. There are concerns about the effect of fishing on seamount ecosystems. There are well-documented cases of stock decline. 95% of ecological damage is done by bottom trawling, which literally scrapes whole ecosystems off seamounts.

Most seamounts are not yet to be studied, or even mapped. Bathymetry and satellite altimetry are two technologies used to collect data. There have been instances where naval vessels have collided with uncharted seamounts. The Muirfield seamount is named after the ship that struck it in 1973. However, the greatest danger from seamounts are flank collapses. As they get older, water eats away at their sides. This causes landslides which, in turn, may cause massive tsunamis.
Related pages
Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
Saikaidō Seamounts
Guyot
Submarine volcano

References

Other websites 
 Earthref.org, Seamount Catalogue
 NOAA, Volcanic History of Seamounts in the Gulf of Alaska.
 USGS, Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
Hazelnuts are nuts of the hazel genus of tree; they are also called cob nuts and filbert nuts. Filbert nuts are more elongated (twice as long as they are round). These nuts fall from their husks when ripe (that is, seven to eight months past pollination). Hazelnuts are oftentimes used as livestock feed or ground into paste. Hazelnut is produced especially in Greece, Turkey, Italy and the U.S. states Washington and Oregon. Hazelnuts are also used alongside chocolate for chocolate truffles. Moreover, hazelnut are rich in proteins and unsaturated fats.

Hazelnuts can also be used to make hazelnut butter.

References

Edible nuts and seeds
Circuit may mean:

In electrical engineering
 Electrical circuit, a path which voltage or current source follows
 Digital circuit
 Integrated circuit
 Printed circuit board (PCB)
 LC circuit

In government and law
Circuit (political division), an administrative area in East Asian countries
Circuit court, the name of court systems in several common law jurisdictions

In racing
 Race track
Sibling species are species which look alike, but cannot breed with each other.

The classic case is Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. They are almost identical, but if flies from one species are put with flies from the other species, they do not interbreed. Another example was the European mosquito known as Anopheles maculipennis. This turned out to be a cluster of six different species, some of which transmit malaria, and some do not.

References 

Evolutionary biology
Sheryl Ann "Sherilyn" Fenn (born February 1, 1965, Detroit) is an American actress. She has acted in many television programs and movies throughout her acting career. She was married to actor Johnny Depp for a brief time period.

Selected roles
Twin Peaks (TV series) (1990-1991), Audrey Horne
Of Mice and Men (1992), Curley's Wife
Liz: The Elizabeth Taylor Story (1995 TV movie), Elizabeth Taylor

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Detroit
1965 births
Living people
A circuit ( ; Chinese: dào; Japanese: dō) was a historical political division of Tang China and Japan and Korea. In Korean, the same word () is translated as "province".

China 

Emperor Taizong divided China into parts which were called "circuits".

The organization of government and geography in Tang China were merged into provinces (dao ) which were ten natural regions.  In part, Tang history is about the changing balance between the provinces and a strong central government.

Japan 

During the pre-modern era, Japan was divided into a central region and seven provincial regions or "circuits", including
 , 7 provinces (kuni)
 , 6 provinces
 , 8 provinces
 , 8 provinces
 , 8 provinces
 , 15 provinces 
 , 13 provinces

In the mid-19th century, the northern island of Ezo was settled, and renamed .

Hokkaido did not develop as a "circuit" in the traditional way.  It became a prefecture. It had a name that was different from the other prefectures because of the suffix -dō.
Korea 
After the late-10th century, the province (do) was the main subdivision of Korea.

Related pages
 Prefectures of Japan
 Provinces of Japan

References

History of China
History of Japan
History of Korea
is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.

History
Saikaidō was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichidō system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including Saikaidō, remained cultural markers.

The Saikaidō road connected the capitals of the provinces in this region.

Geography
Saikaidō is the geographic region of Kyūshū. Tsushima Island and Iki Province were also part of the region. 

Saikaidō has nine ancient provinces and two islands, including 
 Bungo Province 
 Buzen Province
 Chikugo Province
 Chikuzen Province 
 Higo
 Hizen
 Hyūga
 Ōsumi
 Satsuma

Regional earthquakes
Historic earthquakes are named "Saikaidō" when the main damage was in the Kyūshū region.  Often quakes are called by the Japanese era name along with region location such as Saikaido.
Timeline
 8th century: Dazaifu was established as a government center for the island region.
 November 24, 1899 (Meiji 32): regional disaster called the  at Latitude: 31.9/Longitude: 132
 August 5, 1968 (Shōwa 43):regional disaster called the  at Latitude: 33.3/Longitude: 132.2

Related pages
 Kyūshū region
 Comparison of regions of Japan

References

Kyūshū region
The Document Object Model (DOM) is a representation of an HTML website's properties. By using DOM, an HTML page can be modified (elements of it can be removed, changed, or new elements can be added).

Software
The   is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.

History
Nankaidō was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichidō system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including Nankaidō, remained cultural markers.

The Nankaidō road connected the capitals of the provinces in this region.

Geography
Nankaidō is the geographic region of Shikoku. Awaji Island was also part of the region.

Nankaidō has parts of six ancient provinces and one island, including:
 Awa Province  
 Iyo Province 
 Kii Province 
 Sanuki Province 
 Tosa

Some geological features, such as the undersea Nankai Trough, have been named for the region.

Nankaidō earthquakes
Many historic earthquakes have the name "Nankai" or "Nankaido".  Major earthquakes are named with  the Japanese era name and the location such as Nankaido.
Timeline
 1498 (Meiō 7, 2nd day of the 7th month): regional disaster called the  at Latitude: 33.500/Longitude: 135.200, 7.5 on the Richter Scale.
 1605 (Keichō 10): regional disaster called the 
 1854 (Ansei 1): regional disaster called the 
 1944 (Shōwa 19): regional disaster called the 
 1946 (Shōwa 21): regional disaster called the

Related pages
 Shikoku region
 Comparison of regions of Japan

References

Shikoku region
The Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Concepción, Chile.

Related pages 
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción
 History of Concepción
 Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception

Other websites 

 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción website 
 Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception website 
 The Cathedral in gcatholic.com 

Roman Catholic cathedrals
Buildings and structures in Chile
Organisations based in Concepción
Bring It On is a 2000 American teen comedy movie that stars Kirsten Dunst and Eliza Dushku. It is about cheerleader groups competing against each other in high schools in California. Bring It On got mixed critic reviews, though it took in over $90 million in box office revenue. It was released in America on August 25, 2000.

Other websites 

2000 comedy movies
2000s sports movies
2000s teen comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
English-language movies
High school movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in San Diego, California
Teen sports movies
Universal Pictures movies
American independent movies
Carrie is a 1976 American supernatural horror movie. It was directed by Brian De Palma and written by Lawrence D. Cohen. It is based on a novel of the same name by Stephen King. The film stars Sissy Spacek as 17-18 year old Carrie White. She is shy and is victimized by her controlling religious fundamentalist mother, played by Piper Laurie, as well as by several of her high school classmates who bully her. However, she has telekinetic powers which she uses to take revenge on the people who deliberately cause her suffering. Nancy Allen, Amy Irving, William Katt and John Travolta play some of her classmates. Carrie was emotionally and verbally abused by some girls who are her classmates.

It was followed by a 1999 sequel, The Rage: Carrie 2. It was remade in 2002 and 2013.

Release dates

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1976 horror movies
1976 thriller movies
1970s horror thriller movies
1970s teen movies
American horror thriller movies
Supernatural horror movies
American teen horror movies
Carrie
1970s English-language movies
American high school movies
Movies about bullying
Movies about revenge
Movies about mental health
Movies based on books by Stephen King
Movies directed by Brian De Palma
Proms in movies
Telekinesis in movies
Carrie may refer to:

Carrie (name), female name
Carrie (novel), American novel by Stephen King
Carrie (1976 movie), American movie based on the novel
The Rage: Carrie 2, 1999 movie sequel
Carrie (2002 movie), movie sequel
Carrie (2013 movie), movie remake
Don't Look Now is a 1973 Anglo-Italian thriller movie directed by Nicolas Roeg. It stars Julie Christie and Donald Sutherland as a married couple from Hertfordshire who go to Venice, Italy after the accidental death of their daughter. It is based on a short story by Daphne du Maurier.

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1973 crime thriller movies
1973 horror movies
1970s horror thriller movies
1970s serial killer movies
1970s supernatural movies
British crime thriller movies
British horror movies
English-language movies
Hertfordshire
Italian crime movies
Italian horror movies
Italian thriller movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies based on books
Movies set in Venice
Movies directed by Nicolas Roeg
Movies set in England
Movies based on short stories
Movies about child death
The yellow-backed duiker (Cephalophus silvicultor) is a small antelope.
It lives in the dense tropical forests of central Africa. Duikers can grow up to 3 feet in height and weigh up to 175 lbs. They live 10 to 15 years in captivity. A typical yellow-backed duiker's diet consists of bark, shoots, buds, seeds, fruits, fungi, herbs and some small animals.

References 

Bovids
Mammals of Africa
The grey crowned crane or East African crowned crane  (Balearica regulorum) is a waterfowl species which lives in wetter areas of eastern and southern Africa. They grow up to 3.5 feet and weigh over 8 pounds. The East African crowned crane can live up to 25 years in captivity. They eat a variety of grasses, seeds, insects, and other small animals.

References 

Cranes
Birds of Africa
Jodhpur state was a former princely state now in Rajasthan in India.  The region was earlier called Marwar meaning 'the land of death' due to its severe famines and harsh conditions of living. Maharaja Umaid Singhji got Umaid Bhawan Palace built in Jodhpur at the time of famine so as to provide employment to public. 

Its ruler, the Maharaja of Jodhpur, expressed a wish to join Pakistan but Lord Mountbatten warned him that his subjects were mostly Hindus and his accession to Pakistan would create problems. As a result Jodhpur, too, acceded to India.

References

Indian princely states
Rajasthan
Kapurthala State ( (Gurmukhi), کپورتھلہ (Shahmukhi), कपूरथला (Devanagari)), with its capital at Kapurthala, was a princely state in East Punjab. It was spread across .

Indian princely states
Punjab, India
Gilbert Jeremy Gottfried (February 28, 1955 – April 12, 2022) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. He was the voice of Iago in the Aladdin animated franchise. He also voiced Digit in the PBS educational animated series Cyberchase. He was originally the voice of the Aflac Duck, but he was dismissed on March 14, 2011 and he was replaced by Daniel McKeague on April 26, 2011.

Early life
Gottfried was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York on February 28, 1955, the youngest of 3 children.

Death
On April 12, 2022, Gottfried died in Manhattan at the age of 67 of ventricular tachycardia caused by type II myotonic dystrophy.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 

1955 births
2022 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stand-up comedians
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from ventricular tachycardia
Deaths from muscular dystrophy
Cooch Behar (1586—1949; also spelled Koch Bihar) was a small kingdom located south of the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, west of the upper Brahmaputra valley Ahom Kingdom, and north-east of the Ganges plain and Bengal.

Until 1949, Cooch Behar was a princely state subject to British rule. In 1949, it was merged with India; now free from the British. It later became a part of West Bengal.  However, if Cooch Behar had become part of East Pakistan, then India would not have had as much land access towards the north-east.  Also the former East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) would have land borders with Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim.

Indian princely states
West Bengal
1580s establishments
1949 disestablishments in Asia
1940s disestablishments in India
Twipra Kingdom was the ancient kingdom of the Tripuri people of the Bodo-Kachari ethnicity. It is now the state of Tripura in the northeastern region of India. It had a chronicle of 186 kings till the present king (Maharaja Pradyot Kishore Manikya, better known as Kirit Pradyot Deb Burman).

Tripura
Indian princely states
Don Freund (born 1947, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American music writer and Professor of Composition at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. His over 100 works include individual music and large theater works.

He has many famous awards for his work, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and allowances from the National Endowment for the Arts.

Recordings
New Music From Indiana University Vol 4 - Don Freund Madame Bovary Suite, Soft Cells, Concerto for Viola, Dissolving Music:Indiana University Concert Orchestra,  Indiana University New Music Ensemble,  Indiana University Chamber Orchestra conducted by Don Freund, David Dzubay, and Paul Biss. Indiana University 10.
Sources
 Jens Staubrand: Kierkegaard International Bibliography Music Works and Plays, Copenhagen 2009. In English and Danish. . Including Don Freund's FEAR AND TREMBLING BLUES, 1983
 Don Freund  Indiana University Homepage
 Don Freund , Composition Department, Jacobs School of Music
 Interview with Don Freund by George Walker (September 18, 2009), accessed 28 January 2010

American classical musicians
20th-century American composers
21st-century American composers
1947 births
Writers from Pittsburgh
Musicians from Pittsburgh
Living people
Indiana University faculty
Nham Biền is a township (Thị trấn) and town and capital of Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Geography of Vietnam
A list of American movies released in 1991. 
The Silence of the Lambs won the Academy Award for Best Picture.

Highest earning films
 Terminator 2: Judgment Day
 Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves
 Beauty and the Beast
 The Addams Family
 City Slickers
 Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country
 Thelma & Louise
 Fried Green Tomatoes
 Hot Shots!
 JFK

A-Z

Other websites 
 American movies of 1991 at the Internet Movie Database

1991 in the United States
American
1991
1991
Planning is the way most organizations work to do big projects. It is thinking about what needs to happen, and then making a detailed plan. It may include a schedule.

All humans plan to some extent: it is a fundamental property of intelligent behaviour. In big organisations and government planning is a main activity. It combines forecasting  developments with scenarios of how to react to them.

Forecasting is predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like.

The "nuts and bolts" of planning are the documents, diagrams, and meetings, the objectives and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the context in which it is used.

The counterpart to planning is self-organization, when order emerges spontaneously out of seeming chaos.

References
John Wright Hickenlooper (born February 7, 1952) is an American politician. He is the junior United States Senator from Colorado since 2021. He was the 42nd Governor of Colorado from January 11, 2011 to January 8, 2019. Hickenlooper is a Democrat. He was the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 2003 to 2011.

Hickenlooper announced his candidacy for President of the United States on March 4, 2019. He ended his campaign on August 15, 2019. A few days later, he announced his candidacy for the United States Senate challenging incumbent Senator Cory Gardner. In June 2020, he won the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate race. In November 2020, he won the election. At 68, Hickenlooper became the oldest first-term senator to represent Colorado and the only Quaker member of Congress.
Early life, education and career
Hickenlooper was born in Narberth, Pennsylvania. He was raised by his mother after his father died young.  He is a graduate of Wesleyan University. At Wesleyan, he earned a B.A. in English in 1974 and a master’s degree in geology in 1980.

Before becoming mayor in July 2003, he was a geologist and then a businessperson. Hickenlooper owned several restaurants in the late 1980s. He was one of the founders of the original Wynkoop Brewing Company brewpub.

Political positions

Campaign for the homeless
Hickenlooper has wanted more homeless services since becoming mayor in 2003. He talked about his "10 year plan to end homelessness" at the U.S. Conference of Mayors in Washington, D.C..
Marijuana legalization
In 2006, Denver became the first major American city to make legal the private use of marijuana by people over age 21. Hickenlooper was against the marijuana legalization initiative. When the voters approved it 53.49%-46.51%, he said that the vote "reflect[s] a genuine shift in people's attitudes." Currently the Denver Police say the initiative does not overrule the state law, the Colorado Revised Statutes (CRS). Hickenlooper agrees with the Denver Police. The CRS currently treats marijuana possession much like driving faster than the speed limit. The penalty is fines of up to $100 and no jail time.

2020 presidential campaign
Hickenlooper formally announced his candidacy for President of the United States on March 4, 2019. He released a campaign video titled “Standing Tall”. Before announcing his campaign, Hickenlooper was widely seen as a possible candidate for President in 2020. Hickenlooper formally launched his campaign on March 7, 2019 in Denver. After failing to obtain over 1% in polls, Hickenlooper dropped out of the race on August 15, 2019.

2020 Senate run
In August 2019, it was revealed that Hickenlooper ended his presidential bid to run for the United States Senate in 2020 against incumbent Senator Cory Gardner. In a poll for potential Democratic candidates for the Colorado Senate, Hickenlooper was the front-runner with 61%. On August 22, 2019, Hickenlooper announced his candidacy for the Senate. In June 2020, he won the Democratic nomination. On November 3, 2020, Hickenlooper was declared the winner of the Senate race.
Personal life
Hickenlooper's ex-wife, Helen Thorpe, is a writer. Her work has been published in The New Yorker, New York Times Magazine, George, and Texas Monthly. They lived in Denver's Park Hill neighborhood with their son, Teddy. Hickenlooper told the Philadelphia Inquirer that he and Thorpe attend Quaker meetings and try to live by Quaker values.

References

Other websites
Hickenlooper for Governor  official campaign site
Profile at CityMayors.com

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1952 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Colorado
American geologists
Mayors of Denver
American Protestants
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
Governors of Colorado
Businesspeople from Denver
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Denver
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Quakers
Scientists from Denver
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Dorf an der Pram is a municipality in the district of Schärding in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

Geography
Dorf an der Pram lies in the Innviertel. About 8 percent of the municipality is forest, and 80 percent is farmland.

References

Settlements in Upper Austria
Gradualism is a process of change by gradual, slow stages. In politics, it is the opposite of revolutions and rapid change. "Gradualism is... sometimes associated with social democracy."

In geology, it is in tune with uniformitarianism and against catastrophism. In biology it is in tune with Darwinian ideas of slowly changing species as opposed to large rapid changes

Politics and society 
Gradualism is one of the defining features of political liberalism and reformism. It is against abrupt strokes such as revolutions or uprisings. Instead, change ought to be brought about in small discrete steps.

Martin Luther King, Jr., was opposed to the idea of gradualism as a method of eliminating racial segregation. The government wanted to try to integrate African-Americans and European-Americans slowly into the same society, but many believed it was a way for the government to put off actually doing anything about racial segregation:
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy.— Martin Luther King Jr.'s I Have a Dream speech, delivered August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC

Charles Lindblom was an influential professor and author who believed in muddling through ("incrementalism") as the right way to go. He pointed out the connexions between the political system, the market-place and democratic freedom.

Geology and biology
In the natural sciences, gradualism is a theory that profound change is the product of slow but continuous processes. It is often contrasted with catastrophism. Gradualism was proposed in 1795 by James Hutton to explain geology, and was later was the basis for Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology. William Whewell called the idea 'uniformitarianism'. It formed the basis of early evolutionary theory.