Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
William Russell (born 23 August 1947) is an English dramatist, lyricist and composer. His best known works are Educating Rita, Shirley Valentine, Blood Brothers and Our Day Out.

Early life
Russell was born in Whiston in Lancashire. On leaving school, aged 15, he became a ladies' hairdresser. He ran his own salon until the age of 20. He then decided to go back to college. He qualified as a teacher. Russell also worked as a semi-professional singer. He wrote and performed his own folk songs.

He began writing drama while at college. In 1972, he took a programme of three one-act plays to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. They were seen by writer John McGrath. McGrath recommended Russell to the Liverpool Everyman. They commissioned the adaptation, When The Reds…. This was Russell's first professional work for theatre.
Career
The first play Russell wrote was Keep Your Eyes Down (1971). He wrote it while he attended Saint Katharine's College of Higher Education in Liverpool. It was performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1971.

In 1974, Russell wrote John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert. This was a musical about The Beatles. It was commissioned by the Everyman Theatre, Liverpool. It ran there for eight weeks before transferring to the Lyric Theatre, West End. There it ran for over a year. It won the Evening Standard and London Theatre Critics awards for the best musical of 1974.

He wrote further stage works, One for the Road (1976) and Stags and Hens (1978). Russell was a screenwriter on television films, Death of A Young Young Man (1975, BBC1), Daughters of Albion (1979), Our Day Out (1977) and One Summer (1983, 1985).
The Royal Shakespeare Company commisioned the play Educating Rita. In 1980, it premiered at the Warehouse, London. In August 1980 it transferred to the West End Piccadilly Theatre, London. It starred Julie Walters and Mark Kingston. The play ran to "at least" June 1982. The play has been translated and produced in almost every part the globe. It has received awards.In 1986, the play returned to the Liverpool Everyman.

In 1986, Russell wrote Shirley Valentine. This went on to an acclaimed West End run. It received an Olivier Award, Comedy of the Year. Its star Pauline Collins received the Actress of the Year in a New Play award.<ref>"Olivier Awards, 1988" officiallondontheatre.com, retrieved 23 April 2019</ref> In February 1989, the play transferred to New York. It had a highly successful Broadway run to November 1989. Collins received a Tony Award for Best Actress.
Both Shirley Valentine (1989) and Educating Rita (1983) became feature films. Michael Caine, Julie Walters and Pauline Collins all receiving Oscar nominations for their respective roles. Russell received an Oscar nomination for his Educating Rita screenplay.

Russell has had success with his play Blood Brothers. This is 'a Liverpudlian folk opera' about a pair of twins. The twins are separated at birth and brought up in different environments. In 1983, Blood Brothers won the Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has had over 10,000 consecutive performances during its 24-year West End run, which ended in November 2012. At the same time, there were UK touring and international productions. In 1993, the play had a two-year run on Broadway. The Broadway production was nominated for the 1993 Tony Award for Best Musical.
Russell with musical collaborator Bob Eaton wanted to develop Our Day Out. After extensive rewriting and recomposing, they created Our Day Out – The Musical. It retains all the characters and plot of the original. The action is brought forward to today. It has a new score and lyrics to reflect the twenty first century setting. The musical was produced in 2010 at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool.

In 2000, Russell's first novel, The Wrong Boy, was published. The book was well received. It had wide readership in the UK. Translations were published in many countries. In 2004, Russell returned to his singer/songwriter roots. He released his album, Hoovering the Moon, on Pure Records. Russell also co-produced the Tim Firth album Harmless Flirting.
In 2013, the Archive and Special Collections department of Liverpool John Moores University established the Willy Russell Archive. It contains manuscripts, programmes, publicity and media material including newspaper cuttings and press releases, correspondence, legal, financial and administrative documents, records relating to the casting and audition process, audio and film material, and promotional ephemera. The material was produced throughout the course of Russell's career. It is a comprehensive representation of his work to date. It also illustrates Willy Russell's collaborative works, both written and musical.

Personal life
In 1969, Russell married Annie Seagroatt. The couple have one son, Rob, and two daughters, Rachel and Ruth.
Works
 Keep Your Eyes Down (play 1971)
 Sam O'Shanker (play 1972, musical 1973)
 John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert (musical 1974)
 Death of a Young Man (play 1974)
 Breezeblock Park (play 1975)
 Our Day Out (made-for-TV film 1976, musical stage version, 2010)
 Our Day Out (play 1977, Later adapted for musical)
 Blind Scouse 
 One for the Road (play 1976)
 I Read the News Today (BBC Schools Radio Play, 1976)
 Stags and Hens (1978 play, filmed in 1990 as Dancin' thru the Dark)
 Educating Rita (play 1980, film 1983)
 The Boy with the Transistor Radio (1980)
 One Summer (TV series 1983)
 Blood Brothers (musical 1983)
 Connie (TV series, co-wrote theme tune "The Show" 1985)
 Shirley Valentine (play 1986, film 1989)
 Terraces (BBC TV film 1993)
 The Wrong Boy (first novel, 2000)
 Hoovering the Moon (music album, 2003)
 Our Day Out – The Musical (2009/10)
Awards and nominations
Awards
 1980: Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy – Educating Rita 1983: Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical – Blood Brothers 1988: Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy – Shirley Valentine 1990: Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Screenplay – Shirley ValentineNominations
 1984: Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay – Educating Rita 1984: Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Motion Picture Screenplay – Educating Rita 1984: BAFTA nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay – Educating Rita 1989 Tony Award for Best Play – Shirley Valentine 1990: BAFTA nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay – Shirley Valentine 1993: Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical – Blood Brothers''

References

Other websites

 Willy Russell Homepage
 
 Willy Russell at the Internet Broadway Database
 

1947 births
Living people
English playwrights
English composers
Musicians from Merseyside
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Seneca is a city in Nemaha County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Nemaha County. In 2010, 1,991 people lived there.

History

Seneca was created in 1857. It was named after Seneca County, Ohio.

The first post office in Seneca was created in November 1858.

Seneca grew along the wagon route from St. Joseph, Missouri to Oregon and California. British explorer Richard Francis Burton was going to California in 1860. He went through town and noted: "... Seneca, a city consisting of a few shanties ..."

Seneca was a station on the Pony Express of the early 1860s. The station was in the Smith Hotel, at the present-day place of Fourth and Main Streets.

Seneca was incorporated as a city in 1870.

Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,991 people, 908 households, and 509 families living in Seneca.
Famous people
 Ira K. Wells, Judge, United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico
 Edward White, Philippine–American War veteran and recipient of the Medal of Honor

References

Other websites

City
 City of Seneca 
 Seneca - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 115, local school district
Maps
 Seneca City Map, KDOT

Cities in Nemaha County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1857 establishments in Kansas Territory
William, Willy or Bill Russell (or other variants) may refer to:

Actors and directors
 William Russell (American actor) (1884–1929), stage and screen performer
 William D. Russell (director) (1908–1968), American movie and television director
 William Russell (born 1924), movie and television actor

Business
 William Russell (merchant) (1740–1818), English businessman
 William Hepburn Russell (1812–1872), American businessman, founder of Pony Express
 William Greeneberry Russell (1818–1887), American prospector and miner

Education
 William Russell (educator) (1798–1873), born in Scotland
 William Fletcher Russell (1890–1956), American educationalist; president of Teachers College
 William D. Russell (historian) (born 1938), American history professor

Politics
Politics

Kingdom of England
 William Russell (knight) (1257–1311), holder of a moiety of the feudal barony of North Cadbury, Somerset
 William Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh (1553/63–1613), English military commander
 Sir William Russell, 1st Baronet, of Chippenham (before 1585–1654), English MP for Windsor
 Sir William Russell, 1st Baronet, of Wytley (1602–1669), English MP for Worcestershire
 William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford (1616–1700), English peer and soldier
 William Russell, Lord Russell (1639–1683), English politician
United Kingdom
 Lord William Russell (1767–1840), MP best known as a murder victim
 Sir William Russell, 1st Baronet, of Charlton Park (1773–1839), British baronet
 William Congreve Russell (1778–1850), English MP and High Sheriff of Worcestershire
 William Russell (1798–1850), Member of Parliament (MP) for Saltash, Bletchingley and County Durham
 William Russell, 8th Duke of Bedford (1809–1872), member of United Kingdom Parliament
 Sir William Russell, 2nd Baronet (1822–1892), MP for Dover, 1857–1859
 William Russell (Bolton MP) (1859–1937), Member of Parliament for Bolton, 1922–1923
United States
 William Russell (Virginia politician) (1735–1793), Virginia frontier soldier and legislator, father of William Russell of Kentucky
 William Russell (Kentucky politician) (1758–1825), American soldier, pioneer, and politician
 William Russell (Ohio politician) (1782–1845), U.S. Representative from Ohio
 William F. Russell (Florida politician) (c.1805–after 1875), Speaker of Florida House of Representatives
 William Huntington Russell (1809–1885), businessman, educator and politician from Connecticut
 William Fiero Russell (1812–1896), American congressman from New York
 William A. Russell (New York politician) (after 1820–before 1897), New York politician
 William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician) (1831–1899), U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
 William E. Russell (politician) (1857–1896), governor of Massachusetts between 1891 and 1894
 William Hepburn Russell (baseball) (1857–1911), lawyer, politician and owner of Boston Braves
William W. Russell (before 1870–after 1908), United States Ambassador to Colombia, 1904–1905 and to Venezuela, 1905–1908
 William T. Russell, 2008 congressional candidate in Pennsylvania
Elsewhere
 William Russell (New South Wales politician) (1807–1866), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
 William Russell (New Zealand politician) (1838–1913), Member of Parliament
 William Russell (Australian politician) (1842–1912), Australian senator from South Australia

Religion
 William Russell (bishop of Sodor) (before 1300–1374), Cistercian prelate from Isle of Man
 William Russell (bishop of North China) (1821–1879), Irish Protestant missionary to China
 William Thomas Russell (1863–1927), American Roman Catholic bishop of Charleston

Science
 William James Russell (1830–1909), English chemist
 William Russell (physician) (1852–1940), Scottish pathologist
 William Ritchie Russell (1903–1980), British neurologist

Sports

Cricketers
 William Russell (cricketer) (1866–1929), Australian-born English first-class cricketer
 William Eric Russell (born 1936), Scottish-born English cricketer
Footballers
 Willie Russell (1901–after 1925), Scottish footballer
 Billy Russell (footballer, born 1935), England amateur international footballer
 Billy Russell (footballer, born 1959), footballer and manager of Hull City

Other sports
 William Russell (fencer) (1896–1958), American Olympic fencer
 Bill Russell (1934–2022), American basketball player
 Bill Russell (baseball) (born 1948), shortstop and manager in Major League Baseball

Writers and composers
 William Russell (writer) (1741–1793), Scottish historical and miscellaneous writer
 William Russell (organist) (1777–1813), English composer
 William Clark Russell (1844–1911), English writer of nautical novels
 Bill Russell (composer) (1905–1992), American music historian and modernist composer
 Willy Russell (born 1947), English playwright, lyricist and composer
 Bill Russell (lyricist) (born 1949), American librettist and lyricist
Other
 William Oldnall Russell (1785–1833), English chief justice of Bengal 
 Lady William Russell (1793–1874), English socialite, wife of Lord George William Russell
 William Howard Russell (1820–1907), Irish reporter; one of first modern war correspondents
 William Carmichael Russell (1824–1905), British Bengal Artillery officer
 William Hamilton Russell (1856–1907), American architect
Sharon Springs is a city in Wallace County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat Wallace County. In 2010, 748 people lived there.

History
Sharon Springs was first called Eagle Tail station when it was created in 1868. It was renamed Sharon Springs in 1886, after Sharon Springs, New York. Sharon Springs was incorporated as a city in 1890.

In 2013, the biggest sinkhole in Kansas opened north of Sharon Springs. As of December 2013, the sinkhole was about  deep and  across.

Geography
Sharon Springs is at  (38.895513, -101.750881). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Climate
The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Sharon Springs has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 748 people, 327 households, and 197 families living in Sharon Springs.

Infrastructure
Sharon Springs is on U.S. Route 40.

References

Other websites
Other websites

City
 City of Sharon Springs
 Sharon Springs - Directory of Public Officials
 Wallace County , Wallace County economic development alliance
 Wallace County, skyways.lib.ks.us
 Sharon Springs and Wallace County, kansastowns.us
Schools
 USD 241, local school district
Historic
 Historic Photograph of City
 Pet Kansas badger once roamed White House , Wichita Eagle
Maps
 Sharon Springs City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1868 establishments in Kansas
Smith Center is a city in Smith County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Smith County. In 2010, 1,665 people lived there.

History
Smith Center was created in 1871. The first post office in Smith Center was created in January 1873. Like Smith County, Smith Center was named after Maj. J. Nelson Smith of the 2nd Colorado Cavalry. He was a pre-war native of Elwood, Kansas, who died leading his regiment on October 21, 1864 at the Battle of the Little Blue River.

Geography
Smith Center is at  (39.778550, -98.785141). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Smith Center is at the junction of U.S. Routes 281 and 36, about100 miles south of Grand Island, Nebraska and 77 miles north of Russell and Interstate 70.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,665 people, 779 households, and 470 families living in Smith Center.

Education
Smith Center is part of Unified School District 237.
Famous people
 Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, silent film star
 Nolan Cromwell, NFL defensive back for the Los Angeles Rams
 Mitch Holthus, radio announcer for the Kansas City Chiefs
 Mark Simoneau, College Football Hall of Fame linebacker for Kansas State University; played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Atlanta Falcons, Philadelphia Eagles, New Orleans Saints and Kansas City Chiefs
 Steve Tasker, NFL wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills
 Albert F. "Jud" Wagner, Kansas' last confirmed World War I veteran

References

Other websites

City
 City of Smith Center
 Smith Center - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 237, local school district
 Historical
 Smith Center - History
 , from Hatteberg's People on KAKE TV news
 Historic Images - Wichita State University Libraries
Maps
 Smith Center City Map, KDOT

Cities in Smith County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1871 establishments in Kansas
Sublette is a city in Haskell County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Haskell County. In 2010, 1,453 people lived there.

History
Sublette was created in 1912. It was named after William Lewis Sublette, a French Huguenot who was a partner in the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. Sublette was a mountain man, fur trapper and pioneer who blazed a trail through the area and was known by the local natives as "Cut Face".

The first post office in Sublette was created in January 1913.

Geography
Sublette is at  (37.479660, -100.845034). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Climate
The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Sublette has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,453 people, 556 households, and 409 families living in Sublette.

Media
The Haskell County Monitor-Chief is the local newspaper.
Sublette is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market. KDGL-LD is licensed to Sublette Kansas and is the flagship station of High Plains Broadcasting, LLC.  KDGL broadcasts on RF channel 23 carrying 6 video streams.  Current Networks are Retro TV, Tuff TV, AMG TV, Launch TV, TheWalk TV, and PBJ TV.  KDGL uses TV23 as branding for all 5 licenses including Dodge City, Garden City, Liberal, and Ulysses.  Sublette was chosen for its central location in the Southwest Kansas Market and to streamline future news gathering for NewsWest23 newscasts.

Famous people
 Jack Christiansen, Hall of Fame football player for the Detroit Lions
 Shalee Lehning, former professional basketball player for the Atlanta Dream, and associate head coach on the Northern Colorado women's basketball team
 Otto Schnellbacher, (1923-2008), played both basketball and football (American) professionally
 Ted Trimpa, Democratic strategist and political consultant

References

Other websites
Other websites

City
 Sublette - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 374, local school district
Maps
 Sublette City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Syracuse is a city in Hamilton County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Hamilton County. In 2010, 1,812 people lived there.

History
Syracuse was first called Holidaysburg. It was created in 1873. It was renamed Syracuse before 1878. It was named after the city of Syracuse, New York.

Geography
Syracuse is at  (37.982938, -101.751224). It is along U.S. Route 50 and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. It is sixteen miles (twenty-six kilometers) away from the Colorado border. The Arkansas River goes south of the City of Syracuse. The countryside south of the Arkansas River has sandhills.  The "Syracuse Sand Dunes" is in these sandhills. It is a city park covering , including a  fishing pond.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Weather
The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Syracuse has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

People
People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,812 people, 715 households, and 460 families living in Syracuse.

Education
Syracuse High School is the unified high school for Hamilton County USD 494. The Syracuse school mascot is Bulldogs.

Related pages
 Santa Fe Trail

References

Other websites

City
 City of Syracuse
 Syracuse - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 494, local school district
Maps
 Syracuse City Map, 

Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1873 establishments in Kansas
Educating Rita is a stage comedy by British playwright Willy Russell. It is a play for two actors set entirely in the office of an Open University tutor.

It was Commissioned by the Royal Shakespeare Company. Educating Rita premièred at The Warehouse, London, in June 1980. It starred Julie Walters and Mark Kingston. The play was directed by Mike Ockrent.

Plot summary
The plays follows the relationship between 26-year-old student Rita and Frank, a middle-aged university lecturer. Rita is a Liverpudlian working class hairdresser. It follows them over a year. Act 1 consists of seven scenes. These run from January to May. Act 2 consists of a further seven. These run from September to December. In the play Frank has no surname. When the film was made he became Dr. Frank Bryant.
Rita is dissatisfied with the routine of her work. She signs up for an Open University course in English Literature. The play opens as 'Rita' meets her tutor, Frank, for the first time. Frank is a middle-aged, alcoholic career academic. He has taken on the tutorship to pay for his drink. The two have an immediate and profound effect on one another. Frank is impressed by Rita. He is forced to re-examine his attitudes. Rita finds a new self-confidence. Frank's bitterness and cynicism return. He notices Rita beginning to adopt the university culture he despises. Rita becomes disillusioned. The play ends as Frank is sent to Australia.

Themes
The play deals with the concepts of freedom, change, England's class system and the shortcomings of institutional education. It deals with the nature of self-development and of personal relationships. The play borrows from the George Bernard Shaw play Pygmalion. This in turn is based upon Greek myth.

Film adaptation
Film adaptation

In 1983, the play was adapted by Russell for a film with Michael Caine and Julie Walters, directed by Lewis Gilbert.

Radio adaptation
In 2009, the play was adapted by Russell for radio – see Educating Rita (radio play). It starred Bill Nighy and Laura Dos Santos. It was directed by Kirsty Williams. It was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Boxing Day 2009.

Revivals
From June–July 2001, the Williamstown Theatre Festival mounted a production of Educating Rita at the Nikos Stage. It starred Jacqueline McKenzie as Rita and Edward Herrmann as Frank. The production was directed by Bruce Paltrow. It was critically acclaimed with critics saying McKenzie's performance one of the best performances of the year".
From 26 March-8 May 2010, as part of the Willy Russell season at the Menier Chocolate Factory. Laura Dos Santos reprised her radio performance on stage as Rita with Larry Lamb as Frank. This was the production's first London West End revival.
From 8 July-30 October 2010, this production transferred to the Trafalgar Studios in London's West End. It was produced by Sonia Friedman. Laura Dos Santos reprised her role as Rita. Frank was played by Tim Pigott-Smith. 
The production ran in repertory alongside Shirley Valentine starring Meera Syal. 
In 2012, it toured the UK. It starred Claire Sweeney as Rita and Matthew Kelly as Frank. 
From 6 February to 7 March 2015, a 35th anniversary production was staged at Liverpool Playhouse. It starred Leanne Best as Rita and Con O'Neill as Frank. It was directed by Gemma Bodinetz. The same year the Chichester Festival staged a production with Lashana Lynch as Rita and Lenny Henry and Frank.
Awards and nominations
The original production received the 1980 Olivier Award nomination for Comedy Performance of the Year for Julie Walters. It won Comedy of the Year.

Related pages
 My Fair Lady
 Pretty Woman

References

Further reading

Other websites
 
 Film Review: Educating Rita 

Open University
Plays by Willy Russell
British plays adapted into movies
1980 works
1980s plays
Shirley Valentine is a one-character play by Willy Russell. It takes the form of a monologue by a middle-aged, working class Liverpool housewife. It focuses on her life before and after a transforming holiday abroad.

Plot
Shirley finds herself regularly alone and talking to the wall. She prepare an evening meal of egg and chips for her emotionally distant husband. Her best friend offers to pay for a trip-for-two to Greece. She leaves a note on the cupboard door in the kitchen. In Greece she rediscovers what she had been missing in England. She is so happy that she decides not to return. She leaves her friend at the airport and goes back to the hotel. She asks for a job.
Productions
Commissioned in 1986, by the Everyman Theatre in Liverpool. Noreen Kershaw starred. It was directed by Glen Walford. In 1988 it opened in London's West End at the Vaudeville Theatre. Pauline Collins starred. It was directed by Simon Callow. On 16 February 1989, the Broadway production, with Collins again directed by Callow, opened at the Booth Theatre. It ran for 324 performances. Ellen Burstyn replaced Collins later in the run. Loretta Swit starred in a US national tour in 1995.

From 26 March - 8 May 2010, as part of the Willy Russell season at the Menier Chocolate Factory, Meera Syal played Shirley in the production's first London West End revival. A West End transfer of the Menier Chocolate Factory production ran at the Trafalgar Studios from 20 July - 30 October 2010. Meera Syal reprised her role as Shirley; this production was adapted and broadcast by BBC Radio Four in 2010 and 2017.

A 30th Anniversary Tour, starring Jodie Prenger ran in the UK from March 2017 to November 2017.
Awards and nominations
 Awards
 1988 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy
 1988 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress
 1989 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play
 1989 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
 1989 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play
 1989 Theatre World Award for Outstanding Broadway Debut

Nominations
 1989 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding New Play
 1989 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play 
 1989 Tony Award for Best Play

Film adaptation
Russell adapted his play for a 1989 film version, directed by Lewis Gilbert, with Collins again playing the title role.

Further reading

References

British plays adapted into movies
Plays by Willy Russell
1986 works
1980s plays
Medicine Lodge is the biggest city in Barber County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Barber County. In 2010, 2,009 people lived there.

History
Settlers led by a man named John Hutchinson founded Medicine Lodge in February 1873. It was created north of the confluence of Elm Creek and the Medicine Lodge River. The community grew quickly, and it had a hotel, stores, and a post office established within a year.

In 1874, in response to Native raids in the region, residents and the state militia constructed a stockade. A group of Osage killed three settlers within a few miles of the compound, but no direct attack on the fortifications occurred. Medicine Lodge was incorporated as a city in 1879.

Temperance activist Carrie Nation launched her crusade against the sale of alcohol while living in Medicine Lodge in 1900. Her home and a recreation of the 1873 stockade are open to the public.
Geography
Medicine Lodge is at  (37.284352, -98.580977) in south-central Kansas. It is in the Red Hills region of the Great Plains. The city is north of the confluence of the Medicine Lodge River and Elm Creek. The city is on the northeast side of the river. Elm Creek goes south around the eastern and southern sides of the city. A tributary of Elm Creek, which goes south through Medicine Lodge, has been dammed north of the city to form a reservoir. This reservoir is Barber County State Lake.

The city is at the junction of U.S. Routes 160 and 281.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Weather
Medicine Lodge has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). It has hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. The average temperature in Medicine Lodge is 57.3 °F (14 °C), and the average precipitation per year is 26.2 inches (660 mm). On average, January is the coldest month, July is the warmest month, and June is the wettest month. The hottest temperature ever in Medicine Lodge was 118 °F (48 °C) in 1936; the coldest temperature ever was -22 °F (-30 °C) in 1905.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 2,009 people, 876 households, and 530 families living in Medicine Lodge.

Infrastructure
Medicine Lodge is the western endpoint of the Medicine Lodge railroad of the V&S Railway. The rail line runs northwest-southeast through the southwestern part of the city.

Media
The Gyp Hill Premiere is the local newspaper. It is published once per week.
Famous people
 Carleton Beals, journalist
 B.H. Born, All American basketball player, University of Kansas
 Dorothy DeLay, violin instructor at Juilliard.
 Edward Joseph Hunkeler, Roman Catholic Archbishop
 Chester I. Long, U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Kansas
 Martina McBride, American country music singer
 Carrie Nation, temperance activist
 Jerry Simpson, U.S. Representative from Kansas
 Jasper N. Tincher, U.S. Representative from Kansas

References

Other websites

City
 City of Medicine Lodge
 Medicine Lodge Chamber of Commerce
 Lincoln Library
 Medicine Lodge - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 254, local school district
Events
  Medicine Lodge Peace Treaty Pageant
Historical
 Medicine Lodge, Kansas Barber County, Kansas: History and Genealogy
 Digital Medicine Lodge History
Maps
 Medicine Lodge City Map, KDOT

Cities in Barber County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1873 establishments in Kansas
Columbus is the second biggest city Cherokee County, Kansas, United States.  It is about 15 miles south-southwest of Pittsburg. It is also the county seat of Cherokee County. In 2010, 3,312 people lived there.

History
The first settlement at Columbus was created in 1868. The first post office in Columbus was created in 1869.

Columbus was a railroad junction for the Saint Louis and San Francisco, and the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroads. It was named Columbus by A.L. Peters, one of the European-American creators of the city. It was named after his hometown of Columbus, Ohio; the name is indirectly named after Christopher Columbus, the explorer. Coal, lead and zinc were found in the area. Columbus had a big trade in agricultural products. Its businesses had machine shops, grain elevators, flour mills, a cigar factory, bottle works (soft drinks), a canning factory, and a big brick-making factory.
In 1875, Robert A. Long and Victor Bell created the Long-Bell Lumber Company in Columbus. From one lumberyard, Long-Bell grew their businesses and holdings to become one of the biggest vertically integrated lumber companies in the United States. In 1956, it was bought by International Paper.

Geography
Columbus is at  (37.171379, -94.840704). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Weather
Columbus has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Columbus has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 3,312 people, 1,424 households, and 850 families living in Columbus.
Famous people
 Marcellus Boss, 5th Civilian Governor of Guam
 Elizabeth W. Crandall, educator
 James Reed Hallowell, politician
 Robert A. Long, lumber baron, developer, investor, newspaper owner, and philanthropist
 Doro Merande, film, stage and television actress
 Merle Evans, bandleader for Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus
 Norma Terris, singer and actress
 Leland Justin Webb, 1st Mayor of Columbus, lawyer, served in American Civil War and 19th Kansas Cavalry Regiment
 Thomas Daniel Winter, US Representative from Kansas, 1939-1947.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Columbus
 
 
Schools
 USD 493, local school district
Historical
 , Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library
Maps
 Columbus City Map, KDOT

Cities in Cherokee County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1868 establishments in Kansas
Educating Rita is a British 1983 drama/comedy movie directed by Lewis Gilbert. The screenplay is by Willy Russell based on his 1980 stage play. The film stars Michael Caine, Julie Walters, Michael Williams and Maureen Lipman. It won multiple major awards for best actor and best actress and was nominated for three Academy Awards.

Caine and Walters both won BAFTA and Golden Globe awards for best actor and actress. The British Film Institute ranked Educating Rita the 84th greatest British film of the 20th century.
Plot
Rita (Julie Walters) is a 26-year-old  Liverpudlian working-class hairdresser. She is dissatisfied with the routine of her work. She is reluctant to have a child. She fears it will tie her to the same monotonous routine for life. She yearns to escape to something, without exactly knowing what that is. She signs up for an Open University course in English Literature. Her assigned tutor is Frank Bryant (Michael Caine). Bryant is a jaded university lecturer. He describes his abilities as "appalling but good enough for his appalling students". His passion for literature is reignited by Rita. Her ability for the subject is limited by her lack of education. Frank finds her enthusiasm refreshing. Frank's cynicism returns as he notices Rita beginning to adopt the pretensions of the university culture he despises. The film ends with Frank being sent to Australia.

Cast
Cast

 Michael Caine as Professor Frank Bryant
 Julie Walters as Susan "Rita" White
 Michael Williams as Brian
 Dearbhla Molloy as Elaine
 Jeananne Crowley as Julia, Frank's girlfriend
 Malcolm Douglas as Denny White, Rita's husband
 Godfrey Quigley as Rita's father
 Patricia Jeffares as Rita's mother
 Maeve Germaine as Sandra, Rita's sister
 Maureen Lipman as Trish, Rita's roommate
 Gerry Sullivan as Security Officer
 Pat Daly as Bursar
 Kim Fortune as Collins
 Philip Hurdwood as Tiger
 Hilary Reynolds as Lesley
 Jack Walsh as Price
 Christopher Casson as Professor
 Gabrielle Reidy as Barbara
 Des Nealon as Invigilator
 Marie Conmee as Customer in Hairdresser's
 Oliver Maguire as Tutor
 Derry Power as Photographer
 Alan Stanford as Bistro Manager

Production
Lewis Gilbert says it was difficult to raise finance for the film. "Columbia wanted me to cast Dolly Parton as Rita". Julie Walters, in her feature-film debut, reprised her role from the stage production.
The film was shot in Dublin. Trinity College, Dublin, is used as the setting for the university. University College Dublin, in Belfield, Dublin, is used for Rita's summer school. The room used by Bryant as his office is in the College Historical Society. The room used by Bryant as his tutorial room is in the University Philosophical Society. The production left portraits of Douglas Hyde and Isaac Butt, and a bust of John Pentland Mahaffy on display. Number 8 Hogan Avenue in Dublin near Grand Canal Dock was used for Rita's house. A house in Burlington Road, Ballsbridge was used for Bryant's. The scene set in France was filmed in Maynooth, County Kildare. Pearse Station and Dublin Airport were also used. The scene in the pub was shot in The Stag's Head pub on Dame Court in Dublin.

Reception

Critics
The American Variety magazine in December 1982 praised Walters' interpretation of Rita as "witty, down-to-earth, kind and loaded with common sense."
Ian Nathan reviewing the film for Britain's Empire film magazine calls it a "gem,". He gave it four out of five stars.

American critic Janet Maslin called the film "the perfect play about literature for anyone who wouldn't dream of actually reading books".

Chicago critic Roger Ebert gave the film two stars out of four. He said Russell's screen adaptation "added mistresses, colleagues, husbands, in-laws, students and a faculty committee, [that were] all unnecessary".

Awards and nominations

Academy Awards
 Academy Award for Best Actor (Michael Caine) - Nominated
 Academy Award for Best Actress (Julie Walters) - Nominated
 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay (Willy Russell) - Nominated
Golden Globe Awards
 Golden Globe Award for Best English-Language Foreign Film - Nominated
 Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Michael Caine) - Won
 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Julie Walters) - Won
 Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay (Willy Russell) - Nominated

British Academy Film Awards
 BAFTA Award for Best Film - Won
 BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Michael Caine) - Won
 BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Julie Walters) - Won
 BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Maureen Lipman) - Nominated
 BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles (Julie Walters) - Nominated
 BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay (Willy Russell)

National Board of Review
 National Board of Review: Top Ten Films - Won

Retrospective assessments
In 1999, the film was among the BFI Top 100 British films.
In 2007, while promoting the remake of Sleuth, Caine called Educating Rita "the last good picture [he] made before [he] mentally retired."

Home media

The film was released on DVD in the UK and the US. In 2008, ITV Studios released it on Blu-Ray in the UK (Region B) as a 25th Anniversary edition.

Proposed remake
In November 2002, the then-82-year-old director Lewis Gilbert said he would like to remake it "with a black cast that could include Halle Berry and Denzel Washington". principal photography was to commence in 2003. The project was abandoned.

References

Other websites
 Educating Rita at BFI Screenonline
 
 
 
 Educating Rita at Shot at Trinity (database of films shot at Trinity College Dublin)

1983 comedy-drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies about educators
Movies set in universities and colleges
Open University
BAFTA Award winning movies
Movies directed by Lewis Gilbert
Pauline Collins  (born 3 September 1940) is an English actress of stage, television, and movies. 

Her first major role was in 1971 as Sarah Moffat in Upstairs, Downstairs.

In 1988, Collins played the title role in the play Shirley Valentine.

In 1989, She reprised the role in the movie adaptation. She won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. 

In 1992, she released her autobiography, titled Letter to Louise.

Early life and career
Collins was born in Exmouth, Devon. Her mother was a school teacher. Her father was a school headmaster. She was brought up as a Roman Catholic in Wallasey near Liverpool. Her great-uncle was Irish poet Jeremiah Joseph Callanan.
Collins was educated at Sacred Heart High School. She studied at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. She worked as a teacher until 1962. She then made her stage debut at Windsor in A Gazelle in Park Lane. In 1965, she made her West End debut in Passion Flower Hotel. During the play's run, she made her first movie, Secrets of a Windmill Girl. It was released in 1966.

Collins played Samantha Briggs in the 1967 Doctor Who serial The Faceless Ones. She declined an offer of a role as a new companion for the Doctor.

Other early TV credits include the UK's first medical soap Emergency - Ward 10 (1960).  In 1969, she was in the pilot episode and first series of The Liver Birds.
Collins first became well known for her role as the maid Sarah in the 1970s ITV drama series Upstairs, Downstairs. The character was in the first two series. In the second series she appeared with her actor husband, John Alderton. In 1979, they starred in a spin-off, Thomas & Sarah. They also starred in the sitcom No, Honestly. This was written by Terence Brady and Charlotte Bingham. From 1975 to 1978, they worked together in a series of short-story adaptations called Wodehouse Playhouse. In 1983, they narrated the animated British children's TV series Little Miss.

In April 1972, she was a subject of the television programme This Is Your Life, being surprised by Eamonn Andrews.

In 1973, in her Upstairs, Downstairs role, Collins recorded a single for Decca called What Are We Going to Do with Uncle Arthur?. It was performed by her character several times during the series. The 'B' side was With Every Passing Day (a vocal version of the show's theme).
Shirley Valentine
In 1988, Collins starred in the one-woman play Shirley Valentine in London. In 1989 she reprised the role on Broadway. She was then in the 1989 movie version. The movie won a number of awards and nominations. Both the play and the feature movie used the technique known as "breaking the fourth wall". The character Shirley Valentine directly addresses the audience throughout the story.

After Shirley Valentine
Collins starred alongside her husband in the popular ITV drama series Forever Green. This was created and written by Terence Brady and Charlotte Bingham. It was about a couple who start a new life in the country with their children. It ran from 1989 to 1992 in over 18 episodes. 

In 1990, Collins was voted sexiest woman in Britain.  

In 2006, she became only the third actor to have been in both the original and new series of Doctor Who. She appeared in the episode "Tooth and Claw" as Queen Victoria. 

In 2015, she appeared as Mrs Gamp in the BBC TV series Dickensian.
In the 2001 Birthday Honours, Collins was agiven an OBE  for services to drama.

Personal life

Collins married actor John Alderton in 1969 and lives in Hampstead, London, with her husband and their three children, Nicholas, Kate, and Richard. She also has an older daughter with actor Tony Rohr, Louise, whom she gave up for adoption. They were reunited when Louise was 22 years old.

TV and filmography

Awards and nominations
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress (winner)
Tony Award in 1989 for Best Actress in a Play (winner)
Theatre World Award for Outstanding Broadway Debut (winner)
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play (winner)
Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (winner)
Academy Award for Best Actress (nominee)
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, Comedy or Musical (nominee)
BAFTA for Best Film Actress (winner)

References

Other websites
Other websites

Pauline Collins images
2001 profile
Article about Collins' receipt of the OBE
Pauline Collins(Aveleyman)
Pauline Collins' appearance on This Is Your Life

1940 births
BAFTA Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
English movie actors
English Roman Catholics
English stage actors
English television actors
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Tony Award winning actors
Actors from Devon
The Panasonic Q is a variant of the Nintendo GameCube. It plays both GameCube games and DVDs. It was released only in Japan.

Nintendo video game consoles
The NES Advantage is a arcade style controller manufactured by Asciiware and released by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1987. The stick features two turbo buttons. It is very large, and takes up both controller ports on the system.

Related pages
Nintendo Entertainment System
Super Advantage
NES Max

References

Joysticks
Nintendo
The Nintendo 64 controller, also known as the "Trident", is the main controller for the Nintendo 64. It has an analog stick, a D-pad, and a control pad. Despite all of these buttons, it only has three face buttons. 

Video game controllers
Nintendo hardware
The Wii U GamePad is a tablet-like controller for the Wii U. It has a touch screen and gyroscopic controls. Many criticized it for its poor battery life. It also has NFC receivers for use with Amiibo. A camera and sensor bar, used for controlling a Wii Remote, is also present. 

Nintendo hardware
Video game controllers
The Super Scope is the Super NES' variant of the NES Zapper. It is a light gun, similar to the Zapper. 

Nintendo hardware
The NES Max is a controller made by Nintendo for the NES. It has the Turbo feature of the Advantage, but it is the size of a standard NES controller.

Video game controllers
Nintendo hardware
The Power Glove is a third-party controller made by Mattel. It is a commercialized version of a concept for a fiber optic glove. It is also one of the first examples of a motion-controlled device used for video games. It did not catch on with audiences. Critics did not like it. It is heavily featured in the movie The Wizard.

Video game controllers
The Nintendo GameCube controller is the main controller for the Nintendo GameCube.

Video game controllers
Nintendo hardware
The Nintendo GameCube-Game Boy Advance link cable (abbreviated NGC-GBA link cable) is a device that allows the Game Boy Advance to connect with the GameCube. It is also compatible with the eReader but requires more systems for this connectivity. 

Nintendo hardware
The SNES Mouse is a mouse controller for the SNES. It is compatible with Mario Paint.

Nintendo hardware
The iQue Player is a special version of the Nintendo 64. It was made for the Chinese market. It is very rare, and only few exist. You can play some games, and some demos like Super Mario 64. You can only have 5 games at a time. 

Nintendo video game consoles
Remo Bodei (3 August 1938 – 7 November 2019) was an Italian philosopher. He was Professor of the history of philosophy at the University of California at Los Angeles. He also taught at the University of Pisa and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Bodei was born in Cagliari, Italy. His initial interests were in classical German philosophy and the Weimar Classicism period (1770–1830). He wrote over 200 papers on utopian.

Bodei died on 7 November 2019 at the age of 81.

References

Other websites
 Interview with Remo Bodei , Barcelona Metropolis, 2008.
  

1938 births
2019 deaths
Italian philosophers
George Kenneth Tarasovic (May 6, 1930 – October 2019) was a college and professional American football player. He played 15 years in the National Football League with the Pittsburgh Steelers, Philadelphia Eagles, and Denver Broncos. He was born in Granville, New York. 

On November 7, 2019, it was announced that Tarasovic had died in October in Savannah, Georgia at age 89.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
American football linebackers
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Denver Broncos players
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Granville, New York is a town on the eastern border of Washington County. It is also near Rutland County, Vermont. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town population was 6,456 at the 2000 census.

References

Towns in New York (state)
Fort Edward is a town in Washington County, New York, United States. The population was 10,205 at the 2011 census. It is the county seat of Washington County.

References

Towns in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Parsa District (, a part of Madhesh Province in Terai plain, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Birganj as its district headquarters, has an area of . According to the locals, Parsa is named after Parsagadhi temple in the district.

Geography and Climate

Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Parsa District had a population of 601,017. Of these, 78.1% spoke Bhojpuri, 6.4% Nepali, 5.1% Maithili, 3.8% Tharu, 2.2% Urdu, 1.3% Tamang, 0.8% Rajasthani and 0.7% Newari as their first language.

30.4% of the population in the district spoke Nepali, 5.4% Bhojpuri and 4.9% Hindi as their second language.

Administration 
VDC/s and Municipalities (blue) in Parsa District
The district consists of one metropolitan city, three urban municipalities and ten rural municipalities. These are as follows:

 Birgunj Metropolitan

 Bahudarmai Municipality
 Parsagadhi Municipality
 Pokhariya Municipality
Bindabasini Rural Municipality
 Chhipaharmai Rural Municipality
 Jagarnathpur Rural Municipality
 Jirabhawani Rural Municipality
 Kalikamai Rural Municipality
 Pakaha Mainpur Rural Municipality
 Paterwa Sugauli Rural Municipality
 Sakhuwa Prasauni Rural Municipality
 Thori Rural Municipality

Former Village Development Committees (VDCs) and municipalities