Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sport Recife is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League titles 
 Série A : 1
 1987

 Copa do Brasil : 1
 2008

Brazilian football clubs
Recife
1905 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
E.C. Bahia is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 Série A : 1
 1988

Brazilian football clubs
Salvador, Bahia
1931 establishments in Brazil
Botafogo F.R. is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Honors 
Série A : 1
1995

Football clubs in Rio de Janeiro
1904 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Club Athlético Paranaense is a football club which plays in Curitiba, Brazil.

League title 
 Série A: 1
 2001

References 

Brazilian football clubs
Curitiba
1924 establishments in South America
1920s establishments in Brazil
Santos F.C. is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Football honours

 Club World Cup : 2
1962, 1963
 CONMEBOL Libertadores : 3
1962, 1963, 2011
 Série A : 8
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 2002, 2004
 Brazil Cup : 1
2010

Other websites 

 Santos FC official website

Football clubs in São Paulo (state)
1912 establishments in Brazil
Joseph Karl Stieler (1 November 1781 — 9 April 1858) was a German painter. He was born in Mainz. His family were engravers and die-cutters. He received some artistic training from his father, August Friedrich Stieler (1736-1789). He began his career as a painter of miniatures.

In 1810, Stieler traveled through Italy and 
painted a portrait of Letizia Ramolino Bonaparte, mother of Napoleon I. 

In 1816, he traveled to Vienna and painted portrait of Emperor Francis I of Austria.

Between February and April 1820, he worked on his portrait of Beethoven, which is probably the most well-known representation of the composer today.

1781 births
1858 deaths
German painters
People from Mainz
List of The Real Ghostbusters episodes.

Season 1 (1986)
1. Ghosts Я Us
2. Killerwatt
3. Mrs. Roger's Neighborhood
4. Slimer, Come Home
5. Troll Bridge
6. The Boogieman Cometh
7. Mr. Sandman, Dream Me A Dream
8. When Halloween Was Forever
9. Look Homeward, Ray
10. Take Two
11. Citizen Ghost
12. Janine's Genie
13. Xmas Marks the Spot
Season 2 (1987)
14. Knock Knock
15. Station Identification
16. Play Them Ragtime Boos
17. Sea Fright
18. The Spirit Of Aunt Lois
19. Cry Uncle
20. Adventures in Slime and Space
21. Night Game
22. Venkman's Ghost Repellers
23. The Old College Spirit
24. Ain't NASA-Sarily So
25. Who're You Calling Two-Dimensional?
26. A Fright at the Opera
27. Doctor, Doctor
28. Ghost Busted
29. Beneath These Streets
30. Boo-Dunit
31. Chicken, He Clucked
32. Ragnarok and Roll
33. Don't Forget the Motor City
34. Banshee Bake a Cherry Pie?
35. Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Ghost
36. Hanging By a Thread
37. You Can't Take It With You
38. No One Comes to Lupusville
39. Drool, the Dog-Faced Goblin
40. The Man Who Never Reached Home
41. The Collect Call of Cathulhu
42. Bustman's Holiday
43. The Headless Motorcyclist
44. The Thing in Mrs. Faversham's Attic
45. Egon on the Rampage
46. Lights! Camera! Haunting!
47. The Bird of Kildarby
48. Janine Melnitz, Ghostbuster
49. Apocalypse—What, Now?
50. Lost and Foundry
51. Hard Knight's Day
52. Cold Cash and Hot Water
53. The Scaring of the Green
54. They Call me MISTER Slimer
55. Last Train to Oblivion
56. Masquerade
57. Janine's Day Off
58. The Ghostbusters in Paris
59. The Devil in the Deep
60. Ghost Fight at the O.K. Corral
61. Ghostbuster of the Year
62. Deadcon I
63. The Cabinet of Calamari
64. A Ghost Grows in Brooklyn
65. The Revenge of Murray the Mantis
66. Rollerghoster
67. I Am the City
68. Moaning Stones
69. The Long, Long, Long, etc. Goodbye
70. Buster the Ghost
71. The Devil to Pay
72. Slimer, Is That You?"
73. Egon's Ghost
74. Captain Steel Saves the Day
75. Victor the Happy Ghost
76. Egon's Dragon
77. Dairy Farm
78. The Hole in the Wall Gang
Season 3 (1987)
79. Baby Spookums
80. It's A Jungle Out There
81. The Boogeyman Is Back
82. Once Upon a Slime
83. The Two Faces of Slimer
84. Sticky Business
85. Halloween II 1/2
86. Loathe Thy Neighbor
87. Big Trouble With Little Slimer
88. The Copycat
89. Camping It Up
90. The Grundel
91. Transylvanian Homesick Blues

Season 4 (1988)
92. Flipside
93. Poultrygeist
94. The Joke's on Ray
95. Standing Room Only
96. Robo-Buster
97. Short Stuff
98. Follow The Hearse
99. The Brooklyn Triangle
Season 5 (1989)
100. Something's Going Around
101. Three Men And An Egon
102. Elementary My Dear Winston
103. If I Were a Witch Man
104. Partners in Slime
105. Future Tense
106. Jailbusters
107. The Ghostbuters Live! from Al Capone's Tomb!
108A. Trading Faces
108B. Transcendental Tourists
109A. Surely You Joust
109B. Kitty-Cornered
110A. Slimer's Curse
110B. Til Death Do Us Part
111A. It's About Time
111B. The Ransom of Greenspud
112A. Revenge of the Ghostmaster
112B. Loose Screws
113A. Venk-Man!
113B. Slimer Streak
114. The Halloween Door

Season 6 (1990)
115. Russian About
116. The Haunting of Heck House
117. You Can't Teach an Old Demon New Tricks
118. Janine, You've Changed
119. Mean Green Teen Machine
120. Spacebusters
121. Guess What's Coming to Dinner
122. Very Beast Friends
123. Ghostworld
124. Afterlife in the Fast Lane
125. The Slob
126. Busters in Toyland
127. My Left Fang
128. Stay Tooned
129. The Magnificent Five
130. Deja Boo
Season 7 (1991)
131. The Treasure of Sierra Tamale
132. Not Bow, Slimer!
133. Attack of the B-Movie Monsters
144. 20,000 Leagues Under the Street

Slimer! sub-series (1988)
1a. Slimer for Hire
1b. Cruisin' for a Bruisin
1c. Nothing to Sneeze At
2a. A Mouse in the House
2b. Cash or Slime
2c. Doctor Dweeb, I Presume
3a. Quickslimer Messenger Service
3b. Pigeon-Cooped
3c. Go-pher It
4a. Sticky Fingers
4b. Don’t Tease the Sleaze
5a. Room at the Top
5b. Tea But Not Sympathy
5c. Special Delivery
6a. Out with Grout
6b. Dr. Strangedog
7a. Slimer’s Silly Symphony
7b. Little Green Sliming Hood
7c. Monkey See, Monkey Don’t
8a. Beach Blanket Bruiser
8b. Class Clown
8c. Dog Days
9a. The Dirty Half-Dozen
9b. Movie Madness
10a. Show Dog Showdown
10b. The Not-So-Great Outdoors
10c. Unidentified Sliming Object
11a. Up Close and Too Personal
11b. Sweet Revenge
12a. Rainy Day Slimer
12b. Slimer & the Beanstalk
12c. Space Case
13a. Scareface

Lists of animated television series episodes
New Mills is a town in Derbyshire, England. It is eight miles from Stockport. It is by the rivers Goyt and Sett. It is very near the county of Cheshire.  It has a population of 10,000.

History

New Mills  most known employer is Swizzels Matlow, who make children's sweets. The company transferred to New Mills from London during the Blitz. Famous brands include Parma Violets, Refresher chews, Drumstick lollies and - perhaps most famously - Love Hearts

References

Towns in Derbyshire
Guido Westerwelle (27 December 1961 – 18 March 2016) was a German politician.  He was Foreign Minister and Vice-Chancellor of Germany.

Westerwelle was born in Bad Honnef, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

He was an attorney before he became a politician. From 1994 to 2001 he was secretary general of the German liberal party, the Freie Demokratische Partei (FDP). In 2001 he became the leader of the party.

Westerwelle was also the leader of the FDP parliamentary group and from 1999 to 2005 head of the opposition in the German Bundestag.

In June 2014, he announced that he had acute myeloid leukemia. He died of the disease on 18 March 2016 in Cologne, Germany at the age of 54.

He was openly gay and was in a civil partnership with sports manager Michael Mronz.

References
References 

1961 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from acute myeloid leukemia
Disease-related deaths in North Rhine-Westphalia
Gay men
German lawyers
German LGBT people
Government ministers of Germany
LGBT lawyers
LGBT politicians
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Free Democratic Party of Germany
Vice Chancellors of Germany
Vancouver, Washington is a United States city, just north of the Columbia River in the state of Washington. It is directly north of Portland, Oregon and  south of Vancouver, British Columbia. Both cities were named for George Vancouver, a British explorer and sea captain. The city of Vancouver includes Fort Vancouver, begun by the British Hudson's Bay Company in 1824. It was made part of the United States on June 15, 1846, as part of the Oregon Treaty. It is the fourth largest city in Washington State.

History

The Vancouver area was home to Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans. Chinook and Klickitat tribes called this area "land of the mud turtles" before 1775. Disease killed most natives before the Hudson's Bay Company came in the 1820s. The Hudson's Bay Company built Fort Vancouver to trade in beaver skins, which were used to make top hats. Workers at Fort Vancouver came from England, the Sandwich Islands, Scotland and Canada. Many trappers had native wives and lived outside Fort Vancouver.
Americans began to arrive from the Oregon Trail. John McLoughlin was head man at Fort Vancouver and helped the Americans with tools and seed. Fort Vancouver closed in the 1840s. The city of Vancouver was incorporated in 1857 and was over three times as big by 1909. In 1917, the first bridge connecting Oregon to Washington over the Columbia River was built from Vancouver. In 1982 another bridge was built a few miles east for the I-205 freeway.

Columbia Barracks became Vancouver Barracks and was the biggest US military base in Oregon, Washington or Idaho for many years. During World War I the Vancouver Barracks had a lumber mill to cut spruce wood to make biplanes. Another ship yard built ships for World War II. Shipyard workers came and Vancouver grew from 18,000 to over 80,000 people. Vancouver grew again and in 1997 grew again to almost its present size. About half as many people live just north of Vancouver as live inside the city. About one in three Vancouver workers have jobs in  Portland, Oregon.
Geography and Climate

Vancouver is located at 45°38′1″ North, 122°36′11″ West (45.633743, −122.603011).

Vancouver is just north of the Columbia River and west of the volcanic Cascade Range mountains and the Columbia gorge. Vancouver is about fifty miles from the Pacific Ocean, which gives it rain. Because it is in a valley between the Pacific Coast and Cascade mountains, there are clouds in winter. When it is clear one can see  Mount Hood, the Mount Saint Helens volcano and Mount Adams from Vancouver.

Vancouver is north of Portland, Oregon and shares a similar climate: wet from November through June and dry from July through October. Vancouver has snow once or twice a year, on average. Vancouver has a total area of . Abuout 7% is water, including Vancouver Lake to the west.

Architecture and Buildings 

The National Register of Historic Places says that Vancouver is a good place to visit. Because it is the oldest city in the area, Vancouver has a wide variety of buildings, including:
The Covington House at 4201 Main Street is a log cabin built in 1848
 Officers Row has many old houses from Vancouver Barracks
 Mother Joseph's Providence Academy was built in 1868
 Saint James Church had its first Roman Catholic mass in 1885
 A Carnegie Library at Sixteenth and Main opened on New Year's Eve, 1909
 The 1914 U.S. National Bank is now the Heritage Building at Fifth and Main
 A 1916 post office is at 1211 Daniels Street
 The 1935 art deco telephone exchange building is at Eleventh and Washington
 The 1941 Clark County courthouse was designed by Day Hillborn
 Smith Tower, a round apartment building for the elderly was built in 1965, downtown
 Modern buildings surround Esther Short Park, the oldest public park in the state

Fort Vancouver National Historic Site also has many structures, rebuilt as they were in the 1830s.

References 

Cities in Washington (state)
County seats in Washington (state)
Radiant heating occurs when a hot surface warms other objects around it. Radiant heating has a long history of use in buildings by the Romans and the Koreans, and is much more efficient than standard ways of heating the air in a building. Underfloor radiant heating is the most common type of radiant heating used in buildings, but wall and overhead radiant heating systems are also used. Radiant heating can also be used to heat outdoor areas.

History of Radiant Heating 

The Romans were the first people to use underfloor radiant heating systems. These systems were based on hypocausts, and used warm air for heat. The floor was set on top of many brick piles, leaving room for the hot air and steam produced by a furnace to pass underneath the floor. The hot air then went up chimneys on the sides of the walls, so the hot air and steam never actually went into the living rooms. These systems were very expensive to build and maintain, so only the rich could afford them.
In Korea, radiant underfloor heating has been in use for about 2000 years. Ondol, which means "warm stone," involves the use of stones and underground ducts to help transport warm air from the kitchen to the rooms in the house. Most homes and buildings in Korea still use ondol, although they now use hot water and electric systems. The American architect Frank Lloyd Wright discovered ondol in the early 1900s and used it in many of his building designs. Wright also invented hot water underfloor systems.

Types of Radiant Heating

Underfloor heating 
The most common kind of radiant heating is underfloor heating. There are three types of underfloor heating: hot air systems, hot water systems and electric systems.

Hot air systems
Hot air systems use hot air to heat the floor, similar to the Romans' systems. However, air does not hold heat very well, and these systems aren't recommended for residential use.
Hot water systems
Hot water systems are the most popular and cost-effective systems for cold climates. In this type of system, water is heated by a boiler and pumped through pipes laid underneath the floor. Hot water systems can also be combined with solar thermal energy to make them more environmentally friendly. Solar thermal energy uses sunlight to heat water, which can then be used in the underfloor heating system. 

Hot water systems can also be run in reverse by running cold water through the pipes to cool the building. However, this technology is difficult to use properly and can result in condensation on the floor, which can ruin hardwood floors or rugs and make people more likely to fall.
Electric systems
Electric systems are made of electric cables that are laid underneath the floor. Electricity is then used to heat the cables, and this type of system can be turned on or off much faster than a hot water system. However, these systems are often more expensive than hot water systems because of the high prices of electricity, especially if the hot water system includes the use of solar thermal energy. The high cost of an electric heating system can be reduced if the floor can be set to heat during non-peak hours, such as late at night, and is left turned off during the day. Electric systems are also less environmentally friendly because electricity is usually produced by burning fossil fuels, which increases carbon emissions.

Underfloor installation
Underfloor radiant heating systems can be installed as either wet or dry systems. Wet systems are laid down and then concrete is poured over them. Concrete floors hold heat very well, but can take a long time to absorb the heat. Dry systems run in open air space between the foundation and the floor, but can be less efficient because they have to heat the air too. However, dry systems are much easier to reach if the system breaks or leaks. 

Any kind of flooring can be used with underfloor heating, but ceramic tiles are the most popular floor material because they transfer and store heat well. Materials like wood, carpet, or linoleum tile decrease the heat transfer from the underfloor system and the system must be set at a higher temperature if any of these materials are used.
Wall and overhead heating 
Wall and overhead radiant heating systems are usually made of aluminum panels hung on the walls or ceiling. Like underfloor radiant heating, these panels can be heated by either hot water or electricity. However, panels heated by hot water often leak, so electric panels are the most common. These panels can't heat as much area as an underfloor system, but they can be quickly turned on and off when a person enters or leaves the room. Electric panels can reduce energy costs if panels are left turned off in empty rooms.

Outdoor heating 
Using radiant heating outdoors is much more practical than heating air because the air is always moving outside. Outdoor radiant heaters are almost always electric devices, and usually portable, although it is possible to have underfloor radiant heating installed under a patio.

Related pages
Energy conservation
Energy efficiency
Heating
List of renewable energy topics

References 

Construction
Heat
Seventy-four is a number. It comes after seventy-three and before seventy-five.

Integers
Top Gear is a television show on the BBC. The show is all about cars and other vehicles. They test new cars to see how fast they go. They also test really old cars and do crazy stuff with them. They usually rate cars that the normal person wouldn't be able to afford. The show started as a regular car show but has changed over time to what it is now. It uses comedy to attract viewers which are now estimated to be 350 million.

Segments

Races 
The show often has long distance races. They usually race a fast car against a different form of transportation like trains and boats. They are called 'epic' races.
They also have smaller races where they match up cars of different times to see which one outperforms the other.
Challenge 
The challenge part of the show is about different stunts of the most ridiculous things the show can come up with. One time they jumped a bus over a row of motorcycles (instead of the motorcycle jumping over buses).
Recently, the show has started using the phrase "How hard can it be?" for the challenge segment. They put themselves in different situations that a normal person probably wouldn't get a chance to experience.

Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car 
Once during every  episode (except some specials) they bring a celebrity on stage. They show footage of the celebrity driving an average car around a racetrack. They put the time it took for them to complete a lap of the track on a board with the names of all of the other celebrities who drove the same course.

Power Laps 
Power laps are one lap around the Top Gear Test Track. They will take any car that can drive and will see how fast it can make it around the track. The vehicles must be cars and they must be road legal.

Other websites
Other websites 

2002 British television series debuts
2010s British television series
BBC Television programmes
English-language television programs
Backpacking is hiking in the outdoors with a backpack full of all your food, clothing, water, and shelter. Usually, backpackers hike in groups to stay safer. They must think to bring first aid supplies, sleeping bags, tents, rain gear, stoves, food and other camping supplies.

Backpacking may be done on short or long trips. Sometimes, backpacking groups begin at a trail head with a parking lot and hike over a weekend until they work their way back to the vehicle. On longer trips, groups may settle in at a base camp and hike for weeks or even months if they are more experienced and prepared.
When following certain rules, backpackers have the chance to leave the outdoors better than they found them. There are certain practices such as Leave No Trace that teach backpackers and hikers to pack out all waste and help conserve nature in every way possible such as not building fires in dry areas, saving water, and protecting the environment. When backpackers use these skills, they help preserve nature while getting to explore themselves while outside the influence of the rest of the world.

Leisure
Camping
Châlons-en-Champagne is a commune in the Marne department in the Grand Est region in northeastern France. It is the préfecture (capital) of the department.

Even if Châlons-en-Champagne is the capital of the department, it is only the second largest city in population after Reims. It should not be confused with Chalon-sur-Saône, a city in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

History
Formerly called Châlons-sur-Marne, the name of the city was changed to Châlons-en-Champagne in 1995 but it was rejected in 1997. But, finally, this change was accepted in 1998.

Geography
Châlons-en-Champagne is in the centre of the Marne department. The Marne river flows through the western part of the city.

It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Châlons-en-Champagne to other cities are:
 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Reims - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Toulouse - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Lyon - ;
 Nantes - ;
 Marseille - .
The commune of Châlons-en-Champagne is surrounded by the communes L'Épine, Saint-Memmie, Sarry, Compertrix, Fagnières and Saint-Martin-sur-le-Pré.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Châlons-en-Champagne is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".

The average temperature for the year in Châlons-en-Champagne is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month, on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Châlons-en-Champagne is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

Population
The inhabitants of Châlons-en-Champagne are known, in French, as Châlonnais (women: Châlonnaises ).

With a population of 45,002, Châlons-en-Champagne has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Châlons-en-Champagne

Châlons-en-Champagne forms, with other 4 communes, the urban area of Châlons-en-Champagne with a population of 57,571 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Châlons-en-Champagne, formed by 66 communes, with a population of 81,486 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .

Administration
Châlons-en-Champagne is a prefecture of the Marne department since 1800. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Châlons-en-Champagne and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
 Châlons-en-Champagne-1 formed by 3 communes and part of Châlons-en-Champagne, with 26,915 inhabitants (2014).
 Châlons-en-Champagne-2 formed by 18 communes and part of Châlons-en-Champagne, with 25,837 inhabitants (2014).
 Châlons-en-Champagne-3 formed by 41 communes and part of Châlons-en-Champagne, with 25,430 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Châlons Agglo ().
Twinned and partner towns
Châlons-en-Champagne is twinned with:

 Ilkeston, United Kingdom, since 1957
 Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, since 1970
 Neuss, Germany, since 1972

 Wittenberge, Germany, since 1978
 Mirabel, Quebec, Canada, since 2000
 Razgrad, Bulgaria, since 2005

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Châlons-en-Champagne
 Communes of the Marne department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Châlons-en-Champagne - official website  
 Tourism office website 
 Châlons Agglo website 

Communes in Marne
Departmental capitals in France
Nicolas Appert (Châlons-en-Champagne 1749 - Massy 1841) was a French inventor. He was the inventor of airtight food preservation.

Other websites 
 Appert-Aina

1749 births
1841 deaths
French inventors
The Schulze method is a way of voting that is used to fill a single vacant position in an election. It was developed in 1997 by Markus Schulze. It is also known as Schwartz Sequential Dropping (SSD), Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping (CSSD), Beatpath Method, Beatpath Winner, Path Voting, and Path Winner. It is used by several organizations including Wikimedia, Debian, Gentoo, BerryTube, and the KDE.

How it works 

Voters rank the candidates in the order from the one that they most want to win to the one they least want to win. The same preference (how much the voters want the candidate to win or lose) can be given to more than one candidate, and candidates can be given no number (they are interpreted as the worst).

Next, for every pair of two candidates, the two are compared: ignoring all other candidates, which of the two in the pair is preferred by most voters? How many voters agree with the majority decision is noted.
More calculations take place. Given two candidates A and K, A is said to beat K with strength t if t voters prefer A to B, t voters prefer B to C, and so on, and t voters prefer J to K. The winner W is the candidate which beats any other candidate X with strength t, but X does not beat W with strength t.

References 
Markus Schulze, A new monotonic, clone-independent, reversal symmetric, and condorcet-consistent single-winner election method , Social Choice and Welfare, volume 36, number 2, page 267–303, 2011. Preliminary version in Voting Matters, 17:9-19, 2003.

General 
 Proposed Statutory Rules for the Schulze Single-Winner Election Method by Markus Schulze
 A New Monotonic, Clone-Independent, Reversal Symmetric, and Condorcet-Consistent Single-Winner Election Method by Markus Schulze

Books
Books 

 Christoph Börgers (2009), Mathematics of Social Choice: Voting, Compensation, and Division, SIAM, 
 Saul Stahl and Paul E. Johnson (2006), Understanding Modern Mathematics, Sudbury:  Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 
 Nicolaus Tideman (2006), Collective Decisions and Voting: The Potential for Public Choice, Burlington: Ashgate,

Research papers 

 A Continuous Rating Method for Preferential Voting by Rosa Camps, Xavier Mora, and Laia Saumell
 Voting Systems by Paul E. Johnson
 Test Run: Group Determination in Software Testing by James D. McCaffrey
 Distance from Consensus: a Theme and Variations  by Tommi Meskanen and Hannu Nurmi
 Descriptions of voting systems by Warren D. Smith
 Election Systems by Peter A. Taylor
 Personalisierung der Verhältniswahl durch Varianten der Single Transferable Vote  by Martin Wilke
 Objective Measures of Preferential Ballot Voting Systems by Barry Wright
 Approaches to Constructing a Stratified Merged Knowledge Base  by Anbu Yue, Weiru Liu, and Anthony Hunter
Other websites 

 Schulze-Methode  A tutorial by the University of Stuttgart

Voting systems
Debian
The Man from Earth is a 2007 movie written by Jerome Bixby.

The movie tells the story of John Oldman. All of the movie takes place in a small house and its porch, where Oldman tells his friends that he is a 14,000 year old Cro-Magnon caveman.
Plot 
The movie begins with the protagonist John Oldman packing up his belongings onto his truck. John Oldman is getting ready to move to a different place to live. This is when his friends come over to give him a farewell party. From their conversations it becomes evident that John Oldman and his friends are all professors in a university. After a bit of conversation, the group of friends moves into John Oldman’s house. John’s friends keep asking why he decided to “run off” so quickly. John Oldman does not answer clearly at first, but gradually becomes drawn to telling his friends what is really on his mind. He begins to tell his friends about who he really is, a 14,000 year old Cro-Magnon caveman who has survived until the present. His friends aren’t convinced, but rather constantly question John Oldman in order to prove him wrong. The talk goes on as John Oldman’s friends try to prove him wrong, in biological, historical, and religious terms.
The conversations are driven by John Oldman’s claims of his past. His claims include the following:
 That he moves on every ten years or so, when people start to notice that he doesn’t age. This, he says, is the reason why he decided to leave his friends so suddenly.
 That he had a chance to sail with Christopher Columbus, but did not, because he then still believed that the world was flat, and was afraid of falling off the edge of the world.
 That he was a friend of Vincent van Gogh and even received a picture from him as a present.
 That he studied with the Buddha in India.
 That he came back to Europe and attempted to teach what he learned from the Buddha. Such attempt became the roots of Christianity, and John Oldman is the Jesus of the Christian Bible. Afterwards Christianity became distorted and was manipulated by churches. Ultimately, today, Christianity has become something that he has never intended it to become.
Cast 
 David Lee Smith as John Oldman
 Tony Todd as Dan
 John Billingsley as Harry
 Ellen Crawford as Edith
 Annika Peterson as Sandy
 William Katt as Art Jenkins
 Alexis Thorpe as Linda Murphy
 Richard Riehle as Dr. Will Gruber
 Robbie Bryan as Police Officer

Reception 
Liberal online magazine Fadewblogs included the film in their list of must-watch films for atheists. IGN gave it an 8 out of 10 score.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Film Trailer 
 
 The Man from Earth on Myspace

2007 science fiction movies
2000s psychological movies
American science fiction movies
American independent movies
Movies directed by Richard Schenkman
Movies about religion
The Shaolin Monastery or Shaolin Temple is a temple at Song mountain of Dengfeng, near Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China. Now it is led by abbot Venerable abbot Shi Yǒngxìn.

It was founded in the 6th century and became the Holy Ground of Kung Fu. Now it is the Mahayana Buddhist monastery perhaps best known to the Western world.

Buildings and structures in China
Buddhist buildings
6th-century buildings and structures
Henan
The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) is a small Old World vulture. It is found from southwestern Europe and northern Africa to southern Asia. It is the only living member of the genus Neophron, and there are three subspecies. In Southern Asia this species is called the scavenger vulture.

When they feed on the eggs of other birds, they break larger ones by tossing a large pebble onto them. The use of tools is rare in birds, but Egyptian vultures also use twigs to roll up wool for use in their nest.

References 

Accipitriformes
Birds of Africa
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Vultures
Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China. It is in the central eastern part of China. The name Henan means "south of the Yellow River." The capital of Henan is Zhengzhou.

Its major cities are Anyang, Hebi, Jiaozuo, Kaifeng, Luohe, Luoyang, Nanyang, Pingdingshan, Puyang, Sanmenxia, Shangqiu, Xinxiang, Xinyang, Xuchang, Zhengzhou, Zhoukou and Zhumadian.
Henan is now the province of China with the most people. 

The abbreviation of Henan is Yu (豫) to remember a kingdom from history that was in the area, and also because another province also has "He" (河) in its name, Hebei (河北).

References
Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American crime drama movie set in Los Angeles. It was directed by Quentin Tarantino. The movie stars John Travolta, Bruce Willis, Uma Thurman and Samuel L. Jackson. It is a very popular movie. Pulp Fiction is rated R for strong graphic violence and drug use, profanity and some sexuality.

Release dates

References

Other websites 

1994 crime drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
American crime drama movies
BAFTA Award winning movies
1990s English-language movies
Film noir
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about murderers
Movies directed by Quentin Tarantino
Movies set in Los Angeles
Rape in movies
American independent movies
Soju is a distilled drink. Soju literally means "burned liquor". 
This kind of distilled beverage was first found in Persia, where the distillation methods of producing alcoholic beverage originated from. But through a Mongolian who contacted Islamic culture did this kind of alcoholic beverage and the distillation techniques of making such a drink come about to the East.
As soju became prevalent throughout Won Dynasty of China, it eventually spread throughout Korea Kingdom, where it became so popular that numerous kinds of soju were created. Because soju created at that time were made from pure grains, it was very tasty and clean. It was also not so strong. However, it was very expensive simply because it was distilled.

Nowadays, soju is very popular in South Korea. Koreans enjoy drinking soju as a means of promoting friendship and getting closer to each other. Usually, people drink it with "anju", a side dish, so as to moderate its bitterness.

Alcoholic drinks
Korean food
Goguryeo is a dynasty of ancient Korea which was begun by Jumong () in 37 BC. It was started in the area near the Dongga River, a branch of the Abrok River. Jolbon was the capital city founded by Jumong.

The legend of the nation's birth is that Jumong was born out of an egg and brought up by King Gumwa () of East Buyeo. The name, Jumong, means a person who is good at archery. Because of his archery skills, Prince Daeso () envied him. So, Jumong felt death threats and decided to escape from East Buyeo with three friends. He went to Jolbon Buyeo and married Sosuno () who was the princess of the nation. Jumong succeeded the king and changed the nation's name to Goguryeo after his surname.
Since the first king, King Dongmyeong (), Goguryeo had been invaded by several enemies such as the Chinese Han Dynasty, and Xianbei. But, by 11th king's reign, Goguryeo had succeeded in taking control over Liaoong. Until the 24th king's period, it had had its golden age, expanding the range of the nation and driving away all the attacks from ouside. The most famous king was King Gwanggaeto the Great ().

However, when it was under the control of 27th king, Youngryou (), Goguryeo was becoming a vassal of the Tang Dynasty. Because of this, the king was killed by Yoen Gaesomoon () and a new king, Bojang () succeeded. After Yoen Gaesomoon died, the people did not cooperate with the nation well and while its control got weak, it was destroyed by the allied forces of Tang and Silla.

References

History of Korea
Royal dynasties
30s BC establishments
Former monarchies of Asia
Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck (3 January 1876 in eastern Guben (today Poland) - 7 September 1960 in Berlin) was an (East) German communist politician. He was a member of the Spartacus League. He was joint founder, and from 1946 to 1950 co-chairman of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED, together with Otto Grotewohl), and from 1949 to his death in 1960 the first and only president of the GDR.

During the Weimar Republic he was a member of the Landtag of Prussia from 1921 to 1928, and afterwards a member of the Reichstag from 1928 to 1933, both on behalf of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).

1876 births
1960 deaths
German atheists
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Members of the Volkskammer
People from former German territories
Presidents of East Germany
Beth Elamen is the only Jewish cemetery in Beirut, capital of Lebanon. Its spelling in Hebrew is "", meaning: "House of Cemetery". 

The cemetery is very close to Sodeco Square. It can also be reached using the Damascus Expressway.

Related pages
 Maghen Abraham Synagogue

Notes 

Beirut
Cemeteries
Buildings and structures in Lebanon
Broxbourne railway station, opened in 1840, serves Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, England. It is on the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia, who also manage the station.

Gallery

References

Other websites

Railway stations opened in 1840
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1840 establishments in England
In Unix, and in  other computer multitasking operating systems, a daemon ( or ) is a computer program that runs as a background task. Many daemons have names that end with the letter "d": for example, syslogd, the daemon that handles the system log, httpd, a daemon that handles web requests, or sshd, which takes care of incoming SSH connections.

Related pages
 Server (computing)

References

Other websites
 start-stop-daemon man page  (Debian package)
 Tutorial: Unix Daemons in Perl 
 How to daemonize in Linux 
 Unix Daemon Server Programming 
 http daemon in Bash

Servers
Overcharge is an economic term used in legal discourse about price fixing violations. An overcharge is the difference between what a buyer or seller actually paid for a good purchased from a cartel and what the buyer or seller would have paid in the absence of a price-fixing cartel. The total amount of the overcharges paid by customers of a cartel is the major component of damages that can be recovered by plaintiffs in private antitrust suits. Under U.S. federal antitrust law, buyers injured by cartel overcharges are entitled to triple the overcharges that they are able to prove in court.
The overcharge has a one-to-one relationship to the Lerner Index, the most common measure of market power in economics. Both measures employ the same numerator (PM - PC), where PM is the observed market price and PC is the competitive benchmark price, but use different denominators. The overcharge ratio is (PM-PC)/PC, whereas the Lerner Index is (PM-PC)/PM. Both ratios are zero when a market is perfectly competitive or a cartel is ineffective in raising prices. The Lerner Index has an upper limit of one when the pure monopoly price is charged in a market. The overcharge has no upper limit.

Business
Rye House railway station is in Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire, England. It is on the Hertford East branch of the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia.

Services

The typical off-peak service is two trains per hour to London Liverpool Street via Tottenham Hale, and two trains per hour to Hertford East.

Other websites

Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1843 establishments in the United Kingdom
1840s establishments in England
The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom. It serves Greater London and the nearby districts of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. London Underground was first opened in 1863 which makes it the oldest underground metro system in the world.

Stations

This list includes all  stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway. Listed for each station is the line or lines serving it, the local authority and London Travelcard zone in which it is located, the date it opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year.
There are three instances where two separate stations share the same name: Edgware Road, Hammersmith and Canary Wharf. Although the Hammersmith & City line platforms at Paddington are on the other side of the mainline station from the platforms of the other Underground lines, it is treated as a single station. It is currently shown this way on the Tube map, but has been shown as two stations at times. Canary Wharf has separate Jubilee line and Docklands Light Railway stations, which are shown as one station on current tube map.

List

Related pages
 List of former and unopened London Underground stations
 List of London railway stations
 List of Docklands Light Railway stations
 Timeline of the London Underground
 :Category:Tube stations in London by borough
 :Category:Railway stations in London by borough
Notes
* Where more than one line serves a station, lines are listed in the order of opening. In some cases stations were first served by one underground line but later transferred to another:
a  First served by Metropolitan line – Circle line services separately identified in 1949.
b  First served by Metropolitan line – Circle line services separately identified in 1949, Hammersmith & City line services separately identified in 1990.
c  First served by Metropolitan line – District line service added in stages, Circle line services separately identified in 1949.
d  First served by Metropolitan line – Hammersmith & City line services separately identified in 1990.
e  First served by Metropolitan line – service transferred to Bakerloo line in 1939 and then to the Jubilee line in 1979.
f  First served by Metropolitan line – Bakerloo line service added in 1939 which was transferred to the Jubilee line in 1979.
g  First served by Bakerloo line – service transferred to Jubilee line in 1979.
h  First served by District line – service transferred to Piccadilly line in 1933.
i  First served by District line – Circle line services separately identified in 1949.
j  First served by District line – Metropolitan line service added in stages which was transferred to Hammersmith & City line in 1990.
k  First served by Metropolitan line – District line service added in 1910 which was transferred to Piccadilly line in 1933.
l  First served by District line – service transferred to Piccadilly line in 1964.
m  First served by Metropolitan line – Hammersmith & City line services separately identified in 1990, Circle line service added in 2009.
References

Further reading

Other websites
 London Underground – Transport for London
 Docklands Light Railway – Transport for London 

Stations
Lists of railway stations in the United Kingdom
Ratatat is a Electronic Rock/Electronica duo with guitarist Mike Stroud and synthesizer driver and producer Evan Mast. The two met as collee students in Skidmore, started working together in 2001 under the name Cherry. In 2004 they published their debut album Ratatat which includes songs such as Seventeen Years, Germany to Germany, and Desert Eagle. Following, in 2006, Classics, then LP3, in 2008 was released.

Other works done by Ratatat are single albums and remixes of other musicians. Single albums include Seventeen Years, Germany to Germany, Wildcat, Lex, Loud Pipes, Shiller, Mirando, and Shempi. Their most recent remix album Ratatat Remixes No. 2 featured 14 remixes featuring: Young Buck, T.I, Ludacris, The Notorious B.I.G, Jay Z, Z-Ro, Devin the Dude, Juvenile, Beanie Sigel, Despot, Memphis Bleek, Slim Thug, Bun B, Young Jeezy, Kanye West, Beans, Saigon, and U.G.K.
The band is known for their unique use of eletronica style music that emphasizes guitar towards the front while keeping the beat flow in the background.

Their songs were featured in various media. Some examples would be :
Seventeen Years was featured in the 2008 movie Cloverfield.
Loud Pipes was featured in the PlayStation game MLB 07: The Show.
Dura was used in CSI Season 9, Episode 7 "Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda".
Montanita was used in Season 2 - Episode 2 of the NBC show Chuck

They have currently gone through their spring 2009 US tour, and their next upcoming show is scheduled to be in Arendal on June 23, 2009.

American rock bands
Electronic music bands
Musical groups from New York City
Binary form (also know as AB Form or movement of continuity) is a type of form of music pieces. The word Binary means "in two parts." The word Form is a kind of guideline for composers when they write a piece of music. So, binary form means "An outline in two parts." A musical piece in binary form is a musical piece with two sections.
Binary form was popular in the Baroque times and was often used for movements in sonatas for keyboard instruments. Each part of a binary form piece of music are usually repeated.
Minuets 
Binary form was most commonly used in the Baroque era for short dances called minuets. The minuet's two parts are usually labeled as "A" and "B." In the A section of a minuet, the exposition is stated. This section almost always is repeated a couple times. The beginning part of the B section develops a slightly new musical idea, usually going to the dominant key, to add variation. Then it returns to the "A" key at the end. Some famous composers of minuets include Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.

Related pages 
 Ternary form

References

Music theory
Bubble tea, also called pearl tea or Boba, is a drink which comes from Taichung, Taiwan. It is made by mixing black tea with non-dairy creamer or milk and adding round "pearl" tapioca. There are many flavors other than the original one. Green tea can be used instead of black tea. Extra items such as honey, coffee or cocoa can be added. Pudding or coconut cubes can be used instead of pearl tapioca.

When it was first invented, not many people were interested in it. But after a bubble tea maker was interviewed on a Japanese TV program, it became popular among people of all ages. The popularity of bubble tea can be seen not only in Taiwan but also in other countries such as South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, China, Southeast Asia, Australia, Canada and the USA.

Bubble tea has now arrived in England and the rest of Europe.

On January 29, 2023, Google celebrated the drink as a doodle.
Things that are in bubble tea
Most bubble tea recipes contain a tea base mixed with fruit or milk, to which chewy tapioca balls or fruit jellies are added. Ice-mixed versions are usually mixed with fruit or syrup, resulting in a slushy softness. There are many varieties of the drink with a huge range of ingredients like coconut or mango. The two most popular types are bubble milk tea with tapioca and bubble milk green tea with tapioca.

The reason for choosing tapioca
At first, people made bubble tea without tapioca pearls. But Taiwanese people started to find substances to make the sweetened flavor. Tapioca came from the cassava plant, which is a root of the trees from South America. This plant is now farmed and enjoyed around the world.
Effects on the body from bubble tea
Four positive nutrients that tapioca provide are carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and organic compounds. These include a very low level of fat, cholesterol, and sodium. It is also known as the source of fiber, “good” cholesterol, and protein. But bubble tea has Cyanogen that are transformed in humans and animals after the plant tissue has been weakened. The blood remains oxygenated after it passes through your body and back to the lungs.

Process to make bubble tea
Bubble tea is found in Taiwanese restaurants and commonly prepared by shaking ice, milk, tea, and sugar in a cocktail shaker which resulted in a lot of tapioca bubbles. People use the same preparation to make bubble tea, just now with the added Pearls.
Additional Resources
Martin, Laura, C, Tea: The drink that changed the world. Rutland: Tuttle Publishing. p. 219. .
Tarantino, Olivia. "Bubble Tea: 25 Things You Didn't Know | Eat This Not That." Eat This Not That. 05 Oct. 2016. Web. 23 May 2016. 
Jeger, Fargette D., M. Analysis of Temporal Disease Progress of African Cassava Mosaic Virus. Phytopathology. 54; 1 91–

References 

Tea
Asian foods
An Jung-sik (1861–1919) was an artist who lived in the late Joseon dynasty. In 1918 he organized the association of paintings and writings artists (Seohwa-hyeopae; 서화협회;書畵協會)'. And he founded Gyeongmokdang () in which artists and supporters gathered and communicated with each other. As the leader of the association he made an effort to educate younger artist generation. He was excellent at landscape, portrait, flowers and birds. 

His main works are:
 Cheonboguyeodo (천보구여도;天保九如圖)
 Nakjirondo (낙지론도;樂知論圖)
 Sansudo (산수도;山水圖)
 Gunjakdo (군작도;群雀圖).

In his period, the western modern art was introduced to Korea, and the Korean traditional art was declining. He not only tried to succeed the traditional art but also adapt the western art, a realistic trend.

References 
고려대학교박물관 (2009), 근대서화의 요람, 경묵당, 서울, 고려대학교박물관
Biography at Naver.com

1861 births
1919 deaths
Korean people
Artists
The Korean International School of Hong Kong (KIS) was founded on March 1988. It is in Lei King Wan, Sai Wan Ho, Hong Kong, near Tai Koo Shing. Tai Koo Shing has many Koreans.

Structure
The school has an English section and a Korean section. The Korean Section uses Korean textbooks. The students there prepare to take the KSAT (Suneung) so they can go to Korean universities. The English section uses English textbooks and follows the Cambridge International Primary Programme.

KIS has many facilities, like a tennis court, swimming pool, soft-surface playing fields, and a gymnasium. Students use the facilities for physical education classes and activities outside of classes. Higher grade students take a school trip to England.

There are many special parties during the year. Usually there is one party per month. Some of these parties are Play Day in April, Sports Day in May, Spring Concert in June, Halloween in October, and Fun Tie and Hat Day.