Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Timothy DuPron "Tim" Hauser (December 12, 1941 – October 16, 2014) was an American singer. He was best known for being a member of the vocal group The Manhattan Transfer. He was a founding member of the group in 1969. The group has won ten Grammy Awards.

Hauser was born in Troy, New York and grew up in the coastal region of Jersey Shore, New Jersey. Both of his marriages ended in divorce. He had two children: a son, Basie, and a daughter, Lily.

Hauser died from cardiac arrest and pneumonia on October 16, 2014 in Sayre, Pennsylvania. He was 72.

References

Other websites

 

1941 births
2014 deaths
American jazz musicians
American pop singers
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from pneumonia
People from Troy, New York
Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania
Singers from New Jersey
Singers from New York (state)
The African palm civet (Nandinia binotata), or two-spotted palm civet, is a small mammal. It is in the Feliformia suborder.

It has short legs, small ears, a body like a civet cat, and a long lithe tail as long as its body. Adults usually weigh . It is native to the forests of eastern Africa and the Congo River basin. It usually lives in trees, and it is omnivorous: it eats rodents, insects, eggs, carrion, fruit, birds and fruit bats. The animal is generally solitary and nocturnal.

Although it looks like other civet species (in the family Viverridae),  the African palm civet is genetically distinct: they probably diverged from other civets before the cats did. They are therefore classified as the only species in the genus Nandinia and in their own family, Nandiniidae. However, not all experts accept this.

References

Feliformia
Carnivores
Mammals of Africa
Max & Shred is a Canadian/American-produced sitcom. It was first shown in the United States on Nickelodeon on October 6, 2014. It was first shown in Canada on YTV on October 7, 2014.

Plot
The series is about the friendship between Max Asher (Jonny Gray), a celebrity snowboarder, and Alvin "Shred" Ackerman (Jake Goodman), a science whiz-kid. They become roommates and instant friends when Max moves to Colorado to train for the Winter Cup.

Characters
 Jonny Gray as Max Asher
 Jake Goodman as Alvin “Shred” Ackerman
 Saara Chaudry as Howie Finch
 Emilia McCarthy as Abby Ackerman
 Jean-Michel Le Gal as Lloyd Ackerman
 Siobhan Murphy as Diane Ackerman

Episodes

Series overview

Season 1 (2014)

References

Other websites
 Max & Shred  on Nick.com
 Official website  on YTV.com

2010s Canadian television series debuts
2014 American television series debuts
Carina Jaarneks orkester was a dansband in the town of Ronneby, Sweden. The band scored chart successes at Svensktoppen between the late 1980s and the early 2000s. The band was started in 1989. Carina Jaarnek acted as the band's singer. In 1991, the band won the first, unofficial, edition of the Swedish Dansband Championships contest. In the year 2000, the band participated in the finals of the Dansbandslåten contest with the song Minns du hur vi älskade. However, the song didn't win the contest

Discography

Albums 
Carina Jaarneks orkester - 1989
Hela livet leker - 1994
Under alla dessa år - 1998
Carina Jaarneks live -99 - 1999
Live Collection - 1999

Singles 
Man lär så länge man lever/Jag önskar att jag kunde flyga - 1990
När hela livet leker/Sitter här i regnet - 1994
Ännu en dag - 1998
Du är det bästa för mig - 1999
En liten fågel - 1999

Svensktoppen songs 
Låt sommaren gunga dig - 1996
Under alla dessa år- 1999
Du är det bästa för mig - 1999
På väg (hem till dig) - 2000
Minns du hur vi älskade - 2000
Failed to enter chart 
När kärleken är ny - 1997
Mina ljusa barndomsminnen - 1998
Jag vill dela varje dag med dig - 1999
Ännu en dag - 1999 
Amore mio - 2000

References

Dansbands
Swedish musical groups
Bradford Forster Square is one of two main railway stations in Bradford, West Yorkshire. The other one is Bradford Interchange.

History
The railway station was moved to its current place in the early 1990s.  Before that, it was next to where it is now. In the old place, it was much bigger.  A little while after the move, the line was made electric.

Service
The station has some service to London King's Cross. It has regular service to Leeds, Skipton and Ilkley.  For most long distance service, passengers must change at Leeds.
Railway stations in England
Buildings and structures in Bradford
Mario Power Tennis, known as  in Japan is a sport video game for the GameCube. The game was released in Europe and North America in 2004 and in Australia in 2005. The game was re-released on the Nintendo Wii as part of New Play Control!. And you released date only the Platfrorms complete.

Reviews
The game got very good reviews, including a score of 81.03% on GameRankings. It also received a score of 8.5 from IGN.

Other websites
 Mario Power Tennis on Super Mario Wiki

References

Mario sports games
2005 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Wii games
Zeebo games
Bradford Interchange is one of two main railway stations in Bradford, West Yorkshire. The other is Bradford Forster Square.  It is a transport interchange in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It consists of a railway station and combined bus and coach station adjacent. The Interchange was designed in 1962. At the time it was hailed as a showpiece of European design when it opened in 1971. It is served by the majority of bus services in the city centre. It is also served by National Express. The railway station, which is one of two in the city centre, is served by Northern Rail. It is also the terminus for Grand Central services to Kings Cross railway station.

History
The station opened as part of the Leeds and Bradford railway in 1850 as Bradford Exchange  It has been rebuilt since.  The latest part to be rebuilt is the bus station in the 1990s.
Layout
The station has an unusual layout with a concourse on the ground floor and both the bus and train stations on the first floor.  They are accessed by escalators.  The railway station is a terminus station.

Services

Rail

The station has services to Leeds, Halifax and Manchester Victoria.  For most long distance trains passengers change at Leeds.  Grand Central Trains run a service to London King's Cross.

Bus and coach

The Interchange is the city's main bus and coach station.  Buses run by First Bradford run throughout the city from the Interchange and National Express coaches to other cities do too.

References

Other websites 
 Bradford Interchange, Metro 
 Bradford Interchange Map
Railway stations in England
1971 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Bradford
Bammy or bami is a traditional Jamaican cassava flatbread.  It is like the simple flatbread eaten by the Arawaks. Today, it is produced in many places.  It is sold in stores and by street sellers in Jamaica.

Breads
Jamaican culture
Linda Monia Paulette Sjöström, born 21 December 1973 in Ballingslöv, Sweden is a Swedish female dansband singer. She has sung with Grönwalls, and was one of the bandmembers who in 1991 formed the band, and in 1992 won the Swedish Dansband Championships contest. She also participated at Melodifestivalen 1997 with the song "Nu i dag", ending up 11th.

In February 1999, she was appointed "best dansband voice of Sweden" in the "Får jag lov" magazine. Some months later, she left Grönwalls to start a country music carrier with the albums "Monia", recorded in the USA, and "Söderns hjärtas ros". Both albums entered the Swedish album chart.

In mid 2004, she returned to Grönwalls.s In 2006 she was awarded the Guldklaven award in the category "Singer of the year" during the Swedish Dansband Week in Malung.

Solo discography

Albums
2000 - Monia 
2003 - Söderns hjärtas ros
Singles
1997 - Nu i dag / Burnin' For You (released as a Grönwalls single)
2003 - Rakt ut i natten / Den här sortens kärlek (released as a Monia single)

References 

1973 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Patrick Paul D'Souza (August 28, 1928 October 16, 2014) was a Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood on December 20, 1953. D'Souza was named bishop of the Diocese of Banaras on June 5, 1970. He was ordained bishop on August 8, 1970. The diocese was renamed Diocese of Varanasi in 1971. D'Souza retired on February 24, 2007. He was born in Bendur, Mangalore.

D'Souza died in Mumbai, India, aged 84.

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
Indian Roman Catholic bishops
Sumi Haru (also known as Sumi Sevilla Haru; August 25, 1939 – October 16, 2014) was an American movie, television and theatre actress. She was best known for such movies and television shows as Krakatoa, East of Java, MASH, The Beverly Hillbillies and Hill Street Blues.

Haru died at the age of 75 on October 16, 2014.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2014 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New Jersey
Mikhail Marynich (; , 13 January 1940 — 17 October 2014) was a Belarusian opposition leader. He was from Homiel Voblast. He was a minister of foreign economic affairs and an ambassador of Belarus to Latvia. 

Marynich died on 17 October 2014 at the age of 74.

References

1940 births
2014 deaths
Belarusian politicians
Ambassadors
Marvil Thomas "Tom" Shaw III, SSJE (August 28, 1945October 17, 2014) was an American Episcopal bishop. He was the fifteenth Bishop of Massachusetts. Shaw was born in Battle Creek, Michigan.

Shaw died of brain cancer in West Newberry, Massachusetts, aged 69.

References

1945 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
Topic sentence is a term in grammar. It applies to expository writing. Expository writing is a type of writing where the purpose is to explain, inform, or even describe. 

A topic sentence is usually the first in a paragraph. It states the main idea in a paragraph. In this way, it helps the reader to understand what follows. So, for example, a sentence like "Minor planets are smaller than major planets, and have orbits further out than the orbit of Neptune" could be followed by details of the minor planets. Often topic sentences do a similar job to summaries.

References 

Sentences
Calamari is squid that is prepared to be eaten. It can be prepared in several ways. Most common is deep frying or sautéing after coating the rings with batter. If deep fried, it is done for less than two minutes to prevent toughness. It is usually served with a dip, mayonnaise or something similar. Calamari is a standard dish in Italian restaurants, served as a starter.

Appetizers
Seafood
Fruit salad is a dish with of different kinds of fruit.  Fruit salad can sometimes be served in a liquid like juices or a syrup.  Most of the time it is served as an appetizer or as a dessert.  A fruit salad is sometimes known as a fruit cocktail or fruit cup.

References 

Appetizers
Desserts
Fruits
Salads
Francesca Marie Smith (born March 26, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known as the voice of Helga Pataki and Timberly Johanssen. This was on Nickelodeon's Hey Arnold! series (1996–2004).

Personal life 
Smith graduated from California's Stanford University with a Bachelor of Arts degree. She earned a Master of Arts degree in Communication at Pepperdine University. Smith taught Public Speaking and Rhetorical Analysis at Pepperdine. This is while she continued to work as a debate coach. She is a doctorial candidate at the University of Southern California.

References 

Nickelodeon
The Walt Disney Company
Viacom
American child actors
American voice actors
Living people
Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine is a 1961 LP featuring Ronald Reagan. It is a ten-minute recording.

In the recording, Reagan criticized Social Security for "supplanting private savings" and warned that medicine would be "bad for Americans' freedom" and that "pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a living. He will wait for the government to tell him."

Related pages
 Operation Coffee Cup

References

Other websites
 Transcript of the album
 Recording in its entirety from YouTube
 Audio  from the American Family Association

Ronald Reagan
1961
1960s albums
Dr. Edgar Dean "Ed" Mitchell, (September 17, 1930 – February 4, 2016), (Capt, USN, Ret.) was an American retired naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, parapsychologist, and NASA astronaut. He was a moonwalker.

He was the Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 14. He spent nine hours working on the lunar surface in the Fra Mauro Highlands region. Mitchell was born in Hereford, Texas.

Mitchell died under hospice care in Lake Worth, Florida from complications of kidney cancer on February 4, 2016 at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

Official website of Edgar Mitchell
Official NASA biography

1930 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from kidney cancer
Cancer deaths in Florida
Apollo astronauts
Scientists from Texas
American parapsychologists
The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a national monument of the United States. It is made up of two islands: Ellis Island and Liberty Island. The Statue of Liberty is included because it is on Liberty Island.

This national monument was created in 1924. At first, it included only the Statue of Liberty. In 1965, Ellis Island was added. In 1966, Liberty Island was added.

References

Other websites

Statue of Liberty National Monument The official Historical Site handbook.

National Register of Historic Places
National Monuments of the United States
1924 establishments in the United States
Alpha and Omega: The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave (or simply Alpha and Omega 4) is a 2014 American computer-animated action-comedy/fantasy movie. It was distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment. It was produced by Crest Animations Productions. It was co-produced and directed by Richard Rich. It was written by Tom Kane.

This movie is the fourth chapter in the Alpha and Omega franchise. It is about Runt exploring the haunted Saw Tooth Cave, where he finds a wolf who's been driven from her pack for being different. The movie is the sequel to Alpha and Omega, A Howl-iday Adventure and The Great Wolf Games. It was released on iTunes on September 23, 2014 and in October 7 on DVD, Digital HD and Pay-Per-View. It was also theatrically released in some countries.
Cast
Ben Diskin as Humphrey
Kate Higgins as Kate/Lilly/Stinky
Dee Dee Greene as Runt
Gina K. Bowes as Daria/Freida/Fran
Blackie Rose as Floyd
Lindsay Torrance as Claudette
Denis Cox as Head Wolf
Bill Lader as Tony
Larry Thomas as Winston
Cindy Robinson as Eve
Solomon Gartner as Lyle/Link
Jojo Blue as Louis
Steve Moore as Wolf #2 (uncredited)

Production
Alpha and Omega: The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave was officially announced in the DVD special features of Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure. Director Richard Rich showed a small clip of the movie's storyboards.

Soundtrack
"Baptized" by Daughtry
"Am I Wrong" by Nico & Vinz
"Walking on Sunshine" by Katrina and The Waves
"A Place With No Name" by Michael Jackson
"Happy Face" by Destiny's Child
"The Answer to Our Life" by Backstreet Boys
"A Sky Full of Stars" by Coldplay featuring Avicii
"I'll Fight" by Daughtry
"Counting Stars" by OneRepublic
"Best Day of My Life" by American Authors
"Together Again" by 'N Sync
Sequels
A fifth movie titled Alpha and Omega: Family Vacation was released on DVD on August 4, 2015. Three more sequels were announced for Lionsgate to distribute, the first of which is set for an early 2016 release.

Other websites

Alpha and Omega
2014 movies
American comedy movies
Movies composed by Alan Silvestri
Ontario Highway 402, also called King's Highway 402, is a provincial highway in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It connects the Blue Water Bridge in Sarnia and Ontario Highway 401 in London. The highway runs mostly east-west. The only large municipality along the highway is Strathroy-Caradoc.

Construction on the highway started in 1939 but was stopped due to World War II. Work started again in 1952. The highway was finished in 1982. In 2009, the westbound part of the highway near Sarnia was widened from four lanes into six lanes.

Sources

Roads in Ontario
British Columbia Highway 97 is a provincial highway in British Columbia, Canada. It is 2,081 kilometers (1,293 miles) long. It runs from the Canada/United States border near Osoyoos to the British Columbia/Yukon border near Watson Lake, Yukon. It is the longest provincial highway in Canada. The highway is a continuation of U.S. Route 97, from which it gets its name.

The highway has several names, depending on which part of British Columbia it passes through. For example, the 269 kilometer (167 mile) part between the U.S. border and the town of Cache Creek is called the "Okanagan Highway", named after the Okanagan region of British Columbia.

References 

British Columbia
Roads in Canada
Blender is a Swedish dansband. The band was founded in March 2002 by Lasse Lundberg. Soon, the band became a full-time dansband and since then has played all over Sweden.

In 2007 they won the Guldklaven award in the "Album of the Year" and they have also got several other awards.

In 2009 the single "Ingen ingenting" was qualified to Sveriges Radio P4's so called B rotation list, which guaranteed it a lot of airplay over the radio each week. On 12th of December 2009 the band participated with The Playtones, Titanix, Casanovas and Bhonus in the last of the qualification sets in Dansbandskampen, performing two songs: (Dag efter dag & Hold Me Now. Then they also played in the final. but didn't win the contest.

In 2011 the band scored a success with the album Ingen utan mig. It reached fourth position at Sverigetopplistan.
Members
Lasse Lundberg (1968) - drums, vocals
Maria Persson (1980) - vocals
Magnus Åkerlund (1974) - guitarr
- 2008 Urban (1971) - keyboard, vocals
Rikard André (1971) - keyboard, vocals
Robert Norberg (1985) - bass

Discography

Albums
Live i studio - 2002
Live i studio 2 - 2004
Alla essen på handen - 2007
Live i studio 3 - 2008
Välkommen in - 2009
Ingen utan mig - 2011
På väg till Malung - 2012 (CD+DVD)
Live i studio 4 - 2012

Singles
Head over Heels - 2003
It Must Be Love - 2004
Du tänder alla ljus - 2006
Awards 
2003 - Lasse Lundberg - Guldklaven Drummer of the Year
2003 - Blender - nominated for Newcomer of the Year 
2004 - Andreas Westman - nominated for Bassist of the Year 
2005 - Blender - nominated for Dansband of the Year
2005 - Magnus Åkerlund - Guldklaven Guitarist of the Year
2006 - Ulf Härnström - Guldklaven Keyboardist of the Year
2007 - Maria Persson - nominated for Singer of the Year
2007 - Blender - Guldklaven Album of the Year (Alla essen på handen)
2009 - Robert Norberg - nominated for Bassist of the Year

References

Other websites
Blender

Dansbands
Musical groups established in 2002
Bird sounds include bird songs, calls and any other noises they make for communication. Birds do a lot of communicating, mostly to other birds of the same species.

Bird song 
Bird songs are for other members of the same species. The functions are partnership, mating and territory ownership. According to one expert source, the primary function is as a keep-off signal to other males of the same species. Depending on the species, bird songs may differ for different functions. In general, bird songs are only used by Passeriformes, the songbirds. It is one of their typical adaptations.
Bird song may have evolved through sexual selection. Experiments suggest the quality of bird song may be a good indicator of fitness. Experiments also suggest that parasites and diseases may directly affect song characteristics such as song rate. This also acts as a reliable indicator of health. The song repertoire also appears to indicate fitness in some species. The ability of male birds to hold and advertise territories using song also demonstrates their fitness.

Heredity 

Although the capability is inherited, songbirds learn the detail of their song by copying. They are in trouble if they live in places where there are no older birds to copy. On the other hand, calls are usually inherited. Alarm calls, for example, have a critical survival function. and may well predate songs in evolution by a long way.

In general, males sing, and females choose mates. Both sexes use calls.
Song identification 
Many bird songs are so specific that they can be used for species identification. The calls of birds have been described using words or nonsense syllables or line diagrams.

Calls 
Most birds are social animals, and some are always near others of the same species. They use calls which sound quite different to their usual songs. Alarm calls are usually short and loud, and very difficult to locate. They warn others of predators. Mobbing calls gather other birds to scare off intruders. Flocks of birds call to keep themselves together in flight.

Quite a few birds can mimic sounds they have heard. Parrots and drongos are famous for their mimicry. Common drongos in the Kalahari Desert use other birds' alarm calls to scare them off food. They get 23% of their food that way.
Non-vocal sounds are done by some birds. Woodpeckers drum on hollow trees as a territory marker. Snipes make a sound called "winnowing" or "drumming" with their tail feathers when flying. Storks, which are almost voiceless, clatter their beaks.

Media 
The first person to record bird songs was Ludwig Karl Koch (18811974). He made the first known recording in 1937, and later became a BBC broadcaster and sound recordist.

Related pages 
Bird#Lorenz's studies

References 

Birds
Stephen Weaver Collins (born October 1, 1947) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Eric Camden on the television series 7th Heaven. 

Collins is also known for the roles of Captain Will Decker in Star Trek: The Motion Picture, and Dr. Dayton King on the ABC TV series No Ordinary Family. He also had a supporting role in the TV series Revolution as Dr. Gene Porter.

Sexual abuse investigation and confession
In October 2014, the New York City Police Department began investigating Collins after the media got an audio recording. The recording had a male voice believed to be Collins. The person on the recording admitted to past sexual abuse of a child. In 1983, two girls stated that they were "touched" by Collins. 

The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) said Collins had been investigated by the department in 2012. That investigation happened after LAPD received a claim from forty years earlier regarding sexual abuse. The LAPD said they were not able to prove that the claim was true.

References
References

Other websites
 Official website
 Stephen Collins cast bio on The CW 
 
 
 

1947 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Writers from Des Moines, Iowa
Actors from Des Moines, Iowa
Raymond Herbert "Ray" Wise (born August 20, 1947) is an American actor.  Some of his best-known roles are as Jack Taggart Sr. in Jeepers Creepers 2, Leland Palmer in Twin Peaks,  henchman Leon C. Nash in RoboCop, the Devil in the CW television series Reaper, as Hal Gardner in season 5 of 24 and as James Gordon in Batman: The Killing Joke.

References

Other websites

Ray Wise interview at sci-fi-online.com
Ray Wise interview at time out Chicago

1947 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Akron, Ohio
Gero Bisanz (3 November 1935 - 17 October 2014) was a German football coach.

Bisanz played for 1. FC Köln and Viktoria Köln. From 1982 to 1996, he was the coach of the Germany women's national football team, in that time winning the UEFA Women's Championship three times, in 1989, 1991 and 1995.

He also was leading director of the German Football Association's coaches training facilities from 1971 to 2000, then being followed by Erich Rutemöller. He also coached 1. FC Köln (amateurs), Bayer Leverkusen, TuS Lindlar and Germany B.

References

1935 births
2014 deaths
German football managers
German footballers
Erle Edwards Barham (July 10, 1937 – October 17, 2014) was an American farmer and conservationist. He was the first Republican elected—by a 29-vote margin—to the Louisiana State Senate since the era of Reconstruction.

Barham represented the agricultural District 33 from 1976 to 1980. He was narrowly unseated in the 1979 nonpartisan blanket primary by the Democrat David "Bo" Ginn of Bastrop, who held the seat until 1988.

Barham died in a plane crash on October 17, 2014. He was attempting to take off at Rayville Municipal Airport when his Beechcraft Bonanza aircraft struck a perimeter fence.

References

1937 births
2014 deaths
Aviation deaths
Politicians from Louisiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Joanne Borgella (May 29, 1982 – October 18, 2014) was an American singer-songwriter, jewelry designer and model. She was signed to Wilhelmina Models. She was the first winner of Mo'Nique's Fat Chance pageant as "Miss F.A.T." in 2005 and a top 24 contestant on the seventh season of American Idol in 2008.  

Borgella died on October 18, 2014, due to a rare form of endometrial cancer that had spread to her brain. She was 32 years old.

References

1982 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from endometrial cancer
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Models from New York (state)
Writers from New York (state)
Paul Craft (August 12, 1938 – October 18, 2014) was an American singer-songwriter. He was known as the songwriter for Mark Chesnutt's single "Brother Jukebox" and for "It's Me Again, Margaret".

Craft was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

His song "Keep Me From Blowing Away" was originally recorded by The Seldom Scene on their 1973 album Act II and was then recorded by Linda Ronstadt on her 1974 album "Heart Like a Wheel", and has since been recorded by Moe Bandy, T. Graham Brown, Jerry Lee Lewis and Willie Nelson. His song "Midnight Flyer" was recorded by the Eagles.  His song "Dropkick Me, Jesus" was a number 17 country hit for Bobby Bare in 1976. 

Craft died at a hospital in Nashville, Tennessee on October 18, 2014 at the age of 76.

Related pages
List of country musicians from Tennessee

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
Singers from Arkansas
Writers from Little Rock, Arkansas
A replacement child is a child conceived by parents to replace an older dead sibling. He or she is usually of the same sex as the child they replaced. Often they are given the same name. The replacement child provides consolation to the parents for the loss of the earlier child. It is also frequently believed they are a reincarnation of the lost child. As a result a replacement child represents the hopes and dreams parents had for the dead child.

History 
The replacement child or replacement child syndrome became popular in periods of high infant mortality. But it continues in modern times in some places. In some religions and cultures, it was bad luck to mention a dead child's name. Even among European royal families, a dead child was often referred to by his or her title and not their name. Among the replacement children of Holocaust survivors the names of the dead were often not spoken of. The name was memorialized in the replacement child (because they were alive the name could be used).
In early modern Europe the name given a child was supposed to make them like the person they were named for. In many cases the name given a child was an attempt to recreate the lost child (or ancestor). The grief the family felt over the dead child was made better by naming the child after the lost child. This shows a belief that dead spirits were present among the living. In Renaissance Italy the belief was a child was born into the identity given him or her by his family. The modern idea that a person creates their own fate did not exist in earlier times.

Philippe Airès's L'Enfant et la vie familiale sous 'Ancien Regime (The Child and Family Life in France before the Revolution), was published in 1960. He believed that before the 18th century the French had no real concept of children. They were seen as miniature adults. They were often dressed like adults. Parents knew many of their children would not survive. For this reason they did not invest in them emotionally.
Famous replacement children 
 Vincent van Gogh was a replacement child. He was born a year after the death of his brother, also named Vincent. He even had the same birthday. Living at the church rectory Vincent walked past the grave of his dead brother every day.

 Richard I of England was originally not in line to become King of England. This is because he was the third son. But he was a replacement child.

 Napoléon III of France was a replacement child. His older brother, Napoléon Charles Bonaparte, died at age four.

 Ludwig van Beethoven was also a replacement child. He was the second born son. He was one of the three children out of seven who survived infancy.
The heir and the spare 
In history it has long been a practice for an aristocratic wife to provide an "heir and a spare". That means an heir to continue the family line and a spare in case the heir died too young. In Royal families one spare was the minimum. When child mortality rates were high, more was considered even better to secure the throne. Queen Victoria had nine children. George III had thirteen. These children had different names, but the concept was and is the same. The difference between early heirs and spares and the modern practice is that today a female can inherit the throne.

References

Other websites 
 The Replacement Child: In Search of Self, Psychology Today
 I'm a replacement child
Beaten but Unbowed (Waking from the nightmare of abuse) Karen Braysher a true account of a Replacement Child for her 13 month older Thalidomide sister who was institutalised, although expected to die in infancy. Available on Amazon

Psychology
Names
Edward Bloom proposed the Bloom filter in 1970. In the article, Bloom supposes there is an algorithm to hyphenate words at the end of a line. According to the example, most words have simple hyphenation patterns. But about 10% of the words require time-consuming lookups to fetch the correct rule. His case was that of hyphenating about 500,000 words. He saw that using the "normal" error-free hashing techniques, storing the hyphenation patterns, would require a lot of memory. He found that using his technique, he could eliminate most lookups. For example, a hash area only 15% of the size needed by an ideal error-free hash still eliminates 85% of the disk accesses.

More generally, fewer than 10 bits per element are required for a 1% false positive probability, independent of the size or number of elements in the set.

References 

Computer science
Watson Lake, Yukon is a town in the Canadian province of Yukon. At the 2011 census, 802 people lived there. The town is on Yukon Highway 1, just north of the border with British Columbia.

Watson Lake is the center for the forestry industry in Yukon. It is also a service centre for the mining industry in the area.

Settlements in Yukon
Towns in Canada
Irvine Wallace "Ace" Bailey (July 3, 1903 – April 7, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played a career total of 7 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Toronto St. Patricks/Toronto Maple Leafs organization. In the beginning of his 8th season with the team, he had his career ended.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Bailey played 2 seasons of senior hockey with Peterborough. He was signed by the Toronto St. Patricks in November 1926. During his first season with the team, they changed their named to the Toronto Maple Leafs.

In the 1928–29 NHL season, Bailey became the league leading goal scorer, scoring 22 goals and 32 points in 44 games. He once again became the Maple Leafs' leading scorer in the 1929–30 season and he was one point short of repeating as leading scorer in the 1930–31 season. His offensive production declined in the 1931–32 season but he was still able to help Toronto win the Stanley Cup in 1932.
On December 13, 1933, during a game between the Maple Leafs and the Boston Bruins, Bailey was hit from behind by Eddie Shore of Bruins and hit his head on the ice, fracturing his skull. Bailey had severely injured head and it was feared that he would not survive. Bailey would eventually recover from his injury but he was never able to play hockey again. There was an all-star benefit game that was held at Maple Leaf Gardens on February 14, 1934, which raised $20,909.40 for both Bailey and his family. Bailey and Shore shook hands and embraced at centre ice before the start of the game. The NHL introduced the annual all-star game thirteen years later.

References

Other websites 

1903 births
1992 deaths
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Toronto St. Pats players
Stanley Cup champions
Blunt Force Trauma is the second studio album by Cavalera Conspiracy. The album was released on March 29, 2011.

References 

2011 albums
Milan Hnilička (born June 25, 1973) is a Czech retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played a career total of 121 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New York Rangers, Atlanta Thrashers, and Los Angeles Kings. He has also played in the Czech Extraliga for the HC Kladno, HC Sparta Praha, HC Bílí Tygři Liberec, and HC Slavia Praha and in the Russian Superleague with Salavat Yulaev Ufa.

Career
Before playing professional hockey, Hnilička played 1 season with the Swift Current Broncos of the Western Hockey League (WHL), 9 games with the Salt Lake Golden Eagles of the International Hockey League (IHL), 43 games with the Richmond Renegades of the ECHL, and 15 games with the Denver Grizzlies of the IHL.
After he became a free agent, he signed a contract with the Atlanta Thrashers. He played 3 seasons with the Thrashers and 15 games with the AHL-affiliate, the Chicago Wolves. On September 15, 2003, the Thrashers traded him to the Los Angeles Kings for future considerations. He played 20 games with the Kings' AHL-affiliate, the Manchester Monarchs and was called to play Kings. He missed most of the 2003-04 season because of a finger injury that he suffered in a game against the Phoenix Coyotes on December 31, 2003. He then left North America and signed a contract to play for HC Bílí Tygři Liberec of the Czech Extraliga on May 18, 2004. He played 3 seasons with them and played 9 games for Salavat Yulaev Ufa of the Russian Superleague (RSL) before returning to HC Bílí Tygři Liberec.

He played 3 games with HC Slavia Praha before he announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey in August 2010.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1973 births
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Wolves players
Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Manchester Monarchs (AHL) players
New York Rangers players
Czech Olympic bronze medalists
Czech Olympic gold medalists
ECHL players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Culgoa River is a river in the South West Queensland district of Queensland and the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.

The river is the western branch of the Balonne River in southern Queensland, near Dirranbandi. It flows southwest across parts of the Darling Riverine Plains. The river is joined by ten tributaries. It flows into the Darling River near Bourke, New South Wales.

Culgoa is an Aboriginal word meaning "running through" or "returning".

References

Other websites
 
 

Rivers of New South Wales
Bell River may refer to:
 Bell River (South Africa)
 Bell River (Michigan), United States
 Bell River (New South Wales), Australia
 Bell River (Quebec), a river of Quebec, Canada
 Bell River (Yukon), a river of Yukon, Canada
Latin poetry is the poetry of Ancient Rome. They started by adapting Greek models. The verse comedies of Plautus are the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature. They were probably composed around 205–184 BC.  

There was a play written by a Greek slave, Livius Andronicus, at Rome in 240 BC. Livius translated Greek comedy for Roman audiences. He used metres that were those of Greek drama, but modified to the needs of Latin. 

His successors, Plautus and Terence, continued this process. The traditional metre of Greek epic poetry, the dactylic hexameter, was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius (239–169 BC). Ennius provided a model for the later 'classical' poets such as Virgil and Ovid. Horace (who was a contemporary of Virgil) wrote verses in dactylic hexameter. They were  in a conversational style, as if writing a letter. Virgil's hexameters are regarded as "the supreme metrical system of Latin literature".

References 

Poetry
Classical Roman literature
The Snowy Mountains, known informally as "The Snowies", is a region of southeastern Australia and the highest mountain range on the island. It contains the Australian mainland's highest mountain, Mount Kosciuszko, height . This is one the five highest peaks in the range, all of which are above . 

The Snowy Mountains are in southern New South Wales and are part of the larger Australian Alps and Great Dividing Range.  Unusually for Australia, the mountain range have large natural snowfalls every winter.  Snow normally falls the most in June, July and early August. Therefore, most of the snow usually melts by late spring. The Tasmanian highlands are the other (major) alpine region in Australia.

The range is host to the mountain plum-pine, a low-lying type of conifer. The region is one of the centres of the Australian ski industry during the winter months: all four snow resorts in New South Wales are in the region.
The Alpine Way and Snowy Mountains Highway are the major roads that go through the Snowy Mountains region.

References 

Mountain ranges of Australia
A publishing agent (or a literary agent) is an agent who represents writers and what they are writing. They represent these to publishers, film producers and film studios. They help in the sale of the writers' works. They get a percentage from the sales of these works. 

Publishing
Business occupations
The Division of O'Connor is an Australian electoral division in the state of Western Australia. It is one of Western Australia's three rural seats. It is named after C. Y. O'Connor, the Engineer-in-Chief of Western Australia who designed Fremantle Harbour and the Goldfields Pipeline. It was set up for the 1980 election. 

There were large changes to the area covered by O'Connor for the 2010 election. The northern half was added to the new seat of Durack. The boundary for the division moved to the east, including most of the south part of the former Division of Kalgoorlie. It now includes the cities of Albany and Kalgoorlie, and the regional towns of Bridgetown, Denmark, Esperance, Kojonup, Laverton, Leonora, Manjimup, Mount Barker, Ravensthorpe, Southern Cross, Wagin and Warburton.

Members

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of O'Connor - Australian Electoral Commission
 Rick Wilson's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
Western Australia
1980 establishments in Australia
A hardback, hardcover, or hardbound book is one with stiff covers. 

The covers are of rigid cardboard. They are usually covered with cloth or heavy paper. A heavy cloth like buckram, or a leather is sometimes chosen. 

It should have a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Less good is a glued spine, because the glue gets worse with time. 

Hardback books may be printed on acid-free paper. They are much more durable than paperbacks. Paperbacks are often printed on cheap recycled paper, and have flexible, easily damaged paper covers. Hardback books are only slightly more costly to make, but are often much more expensive to buy.  

Hardbacks may have artistic dust jackets, or designs printed right on the board binding.

References 

Book terminology
Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures also known in Japan as Pac-World, is a computer-animated television series produced by 41 Entertainment, Arad Productions, a partnership between Sprite Animation Studios and OLM, Inc., and Bandai Namco Entertainment for Tokyo MX (stereo version), BS11 (stereo version) and Disney XD (bilingual version). Based on Bandai Namco's Pac-Man video game franchise, it is the second animated series to be based upon the game franchise, following the 1982 TV series. The show aired from June 15, 2013, to May 25, 2015, running for two seasons and 52 episodes.

Various games and merchandise were produced based on the series, including two video games and several mobile apps.

Story
On the planet Pac-World, Pac-Man and his friends Cylindria and Spiral help to protect Pacopolis from the threat of Ghosts

Characters
 Pac-Man 
 Spiral 
 Cylindria 
 Betrayus

References
References

2013 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Animated television series
Dogg Food is the first studio record by Tha Dogg Pound. Snoop Dogg was involved in the production. The record had controversial lyrics on it. The album had two big singles, "Let's Play House" and "New York, New York". The album sold over 2 million records.

The record was released on October 31, 1995. The original release date was moved because of controversy.

Hip hop albums
1995 albums
Byzantine architecture is the architectural style of the Byzantine Empire. This is a term used by modern historians to mean the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The empire lasted for more than a millennium. It left a lasting influence on Medieval architecture in Europe and the Near East. It also influenced the later Renaissance architecture and Ottoman architecture.

As a distinctive style
Legacy 
In the West, Byzantine architecture was replaced by Romanesque and Gothic architecture. In Asia it had an influence on early Islamic architecture. Later Ottoman architecture was also influenced by the Byzantine style.

References

Other websites 
 Byzantine Architecture: History, Characteristics & Examples
 Byzantine / Byzantine Revival Architecture

Architectural styles
Byzantine Empire
Several television series were based on the Mario series of video games, started by Nintendo.

Series
Saturday SupercadeThe Super Mario Bros. Super Show!
King Koopa's Kool KartoonsThe Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3
Super Mario WorldThe Super Mario Challenge

Anime
Super Mario Amada anime series

Regular characters

Lists of television series
Mario video games
Thor Görans was a dansband in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. The band was established 1976, and disestablished following the final gig, which took place in Lycksele, Sweden on 8 April 2006.

Discography

Albums
Svunna tiders lycka - 1982
Glöm ej bort det finns rosor - 1984
Lyckans dag - 1989
Känslor mellan två - 1990
Judy - 1992
Ta mig hem - 1996
En på miljonen - 2000
Ändrade planer - 2003

Album contribution
Soundtrack: Black Jack - 1990

Svensktoppen hit songs
I mitt innersta hjärta - 1993
Att älska så här - 1996
Ingen som du - 1997
Att älska så här - 1996
En vän för livet - 1998-1999
Små ögonblick - 1999
Ett hjärta som älskar - 1999
Säg att du längtar - 2000
När alla gått hem - 2002

Failed to enter chart
Älskar du mej - 1998
En på miljonen - 2000
Med fötterna på jorden - 2001

References

2006 disestablishments in Sweden
Dansbands
Musical groups established in 1976
Swedish musical groups
Lynda Bellingham, OBE (born Meredith Lee Hughes; 31 May 194819 October 2014) was a Canadian-born English actress, broadcaster and author. She played the role of the mother in the long-running series of "Oxo Family" British TV adverts between 1983 and 1999. 

Bellingham died on 19 October 2014 from colon cancer in a London hospital, aged 66.

References

Other websites
 Official Lynda Bellingham website

 Lynda Bellingham recalls her appearance on This Is Your Life
Film producer Greg Smith has passed away, Borehamwood Times, 1 April 2009

1948 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Montreal
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from colorectal cancer
English movie actors
English television actors
Gloria Casarez (December 13, 1971 – October 19, 2014) was an American lesbian leader and activist. Casarez was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
In 2008, she was appointed to a public sector position as Director of LGBT Affairs for the City of Philadelphia.

Casarez died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from cancer, aged 43.

References

1971 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Pennsylvania
American activists
American civil servants
Politicians from Philadelphia
John Kenneth Holt (11 July 1945 – 19 October 2014) was a Jamaican reggae singer and songwriter. He first found fame as a member of the Paragons, before establishing himself as a solo artist.

Holt died on 19 October 2014 in a London hospital, aged 69.

References

Other websites
[ John Holt biography] at Allmusic website
Riddimguide information
Biography at Jamuzik 
John Holt at Roots Archives 
 "Veteran reggae singer John Holt dies aged 69", Guardian music, 20 October 2014.

1945 births
2014 deaths
Jamaican singers
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Stephen Paulus (August 24, 1949 – October 19, 2014) was an American composer. He was best known for his operas and choral music. His best-known piece is his 1982 opera The Postman Always Rings Twice, one of several operas he composed for the Opera Theatre of St. Louis, which prompted The New York Times to call him "a young man on the road to big things". Paulus was born in Summit, New Jersey.

Paulus died in New York City, New York, aged 65.

References

1949 births
2014 deaths
American composers
People from New Jersey
Douglas A. "Ox" Baker (April 19, 1934 – October 20, 2014) was an American professional wrestler and actor. He was famous for his finishing move, the Heart Punch, sometimes called the "Hurt Punch". He was also known for his famous catchphrase "I love to hurt people!" He has appeared in several movies including Blood Circus and Escape from New York.

Baker died in Hartford, Connecticut on October 20, 2014, due to complications from a heart attack.

References

Other websites

 

1934 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American professional wrestlers
American movie actors
Actors from Missouri
Étienne Mourrut (December 4, 1939 – October 19, 2014) was a French politician. He was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). Mourrut was an MP for Gard's 2nd constituency. Mourrut was born in Le Grau-du-Roi, Gard, France.

Mourrut died in Paris, France, aged 74.

References 

1939 births
2014 deaths
French mayors
Politicians from Occitanie‎
People from Gard
The first season of the animated comedy show Family Guy aired on Fox from April 4 to May 16, 1999. The first season of Family Guy has seven episodes. The show is about the dysfunctional Griffin family. The family consist of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and their anthropomorphic (having human abilities) dog Brian. They all live in their hometown of Quahog, Rhode Island. The show features the voices of the show's creator Seth MacFarlane. Other voice actors include Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Lacey Chabert. The executive producers for the first season were David Zuckerman and MacFarlane.
MacFarlane first thought of the idea for Family Guy in 1995. He was studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). There, he created his thesis movie The Life of Larry. His professor at RISD submitted the movie to Hanna-Barbera. This gave MacFarlane being hired by the company. Executives at Fox saw the movie. They contracted MacFarlane to create a show based on the characters. They called it Family Guy. While working on the show, Larry and his dog Steve, became Peter and Brian. The rest of the show's characters were added later.

Episodes

References

Other websites 

 Season 1  at TV.com
 
 Family Guy season one episode guide. IGN. Retrieved July 27, 2010.

1999 American television series debuts
Family Guy
American television seasons
1999 television seasons