Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1579 was a common year.

Events 
January 6 – The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain.
January 23 –  The Union of Utrecht united the northern Netherlands in a confederation called the United Provinces.  William I of Orange becomes Stadtholder, and the Duc d'Anjou, younger brother of Henry III of France is invited to become hereditary sovereign.
 March – Capture of Maastricht by the Spanish under Parma.
 June 17 – Sir Francis Drake, during his circumnavigation of the world, lands in what is now California, which he claims for Queen Elizabeth I.  With an English claim here and in Newfoundland, it becomes the basis for English colonial charters which will claim all land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from "sea to sea."  Drake's claim is called "Nova Albion" (meaning, New England), and subsequent maps will show all lands north of New Spain and New Mexico under this name.
752 was a leap year.

Events 
Pope Stephen II, pope for 3 days in March.
Pope Stephen III, succeeded Stephen II.
Retired Emperor Shōmu takes part in the dedication ceremony of the great statue of Vairocana Buddha at the Todaiji temple and declares himself a Buddhist.
1005 (MV) was a common year when the Julian calendar was used. It was the fifth year of the 2nd millennium and the 11th century.

Events 
 Malcolm II succeeds Kenneth III as king of Scotland.
 Pomerania revolts against the church.
 Schaffhausen starts minting its own coins.
 Spring – The Republic of Pisa conducts a military offensive against the Saracen strongholds in Southern Italy. The Pisan fleet sacks the city of Reggio Calabria. Pisa becomes one of the four commercial Maritime Republics (the other three are Genoa, Venice and Amalfi), which fight each other for control of the Mediterranean Sea.

Births 
 King Macbeth of Scotland, Scottish royal (died 1057)

Deaths 
 King Kenneth III of Scotland

References
Events 
 Fortress of Kalan built.
 Establishment of the Inquisition.
 Mustansiriya University founded in Baghdad.
Events 
 January 26 – Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne
 February 12 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor weds Maria Theresa, mother of Marie Antoinette
 April 14 – Porteous Riots erupt in Edinburgh after execution of a smuggler Andrew Wilson when town guard captain John Porteous orders his men to fire at the crowd. Porteous is arrested later
 May 8 – Marriage of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.
 May 26 – Battle of Ackia: British and Chickasaw Native Americans defeat French troops.
 September 7 – Edinburgh crowd drags John Porteous out of his cell in Tolbooth prison and lynches him
 A French expedition led by Pierre Louis Maupertuis is sent by King Louis XV to Lapland to measure the length of a degree of the meridian, and proves that the Earth is flattened at the poles
 Real Arissona, namesake of the U.S. state Arizona is founded in what is now that state.
 Isaac Newton Publishes his Method of Fluxions
 Thomas Bayes publishes a defense of Isaac Newton's calculus
Events 
 Europe has about 74 million inhabitants.
 January 26 – King Edward III of England is declared King of France
 June 24 – The Battle of Sluys is fought between the naval fleets of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. The former was under the command of Edward III of England and the latter under those of admiral Hue Quiéret and treasurer Nicholas Béhuchet assisted by Genoese mercenary galleys serving under Egidio Bocanegra. The battle ends with the almost complete destruction of the French. Both their commanders were among the casualties. However the mercenaries manage to escape.
 A son of deceased King Christopher II of Denmark is elected to the throne following eight years of Interregnum. He will reign as Valdemar IV of Denmark.
1128 was a leap year.

Events 
 Pope Honorius II recognizes and confirms the Order of the Knights Templar.
 King Afonso I of Portugal, then Count of Portugal defeats his mother, Teresa of Leon, in battle and gains control of the county.
 Geoffrey of Anjou marries Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England.
 Holyrood Abbey founded in Edinburgh by David I, King of Scotland.
984 was a leap year.

Events 
 End of the reign of Emperor En'yū, emperor of Japan
 Emperor Kazan ascends to the throne of Japan
 Henry II, Duke of Bavaria abducts the child king Otto III
 Antipope Boniface VII murders Pope John XIV

Births 
 Bethoc, eldest daughter of Malcolm II of Scotland
 Ch'oe Ch'ung, Korean scholar

Deaths 
 Pope John XIV
1639 was a common year.

Events 
 January 14 – Connecticut's first constitution, the "Fundamental Orders," is adopted.
 January 23 – Francisco Maldonado de Silva, Peruvian Jewish poet, executed by burning at the stake
 March 13 – Harvard University is named for a clergyman named John Harvard.
 November 24 – Jeremiah Horrocks observes the transit of Venus.
 Charles I starts the first of the Bishops Wars against Scotland.
 The Casiquiare canal, a river forming a natural canal between the Amazon River and Orinoco River basins, is first encountered by Europeans.
 The Barbados House of Assembly meets for the first time.
 The first printing press in North America is started in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
 Russian Cossacks advance over Urals to Pacific, to Okhotsk.
 Montreal first settled.
1003 (MIII) was a common year when the Julian calendar was used. It was the third year of the 2nd millennium and the 11th century.

Events 
 Sweyn I of Denmark begins his first invasion of England.
 Humbert I becomes the first count of Savoy.
 King Robert II of France invades Burgundy, but fails.
 Pope John XVII succeeds Pope Silvester II.
 Pope John XVIII succeeds Pope John XVII.
 Boleslaus I of Poland becomes duke of Bohemia and Moravia.
 Battle of Albesa: Muslim forces of the Caliphate of Cordoba defeat the northern Christian armies of León, Pamplona and Castile.

Births 
 c.December 25 – Edward the Confessor, King of England and founder of Westminster Abbey in London (died 1066)
 date unknown
 Prince Louis of France, French royal (died 1028)

References
To put it in  more precise mathematical terms, classical logic has two values. These values are usually called  false (0) or true (1). With fuzzy logic, a (calculated) value of 0.8 or 0.971 is possible. It is important to know the difference between fuzzy logic and chance. A coin that is thrown has a chance of 0.5 for landing heads up. If it is thrown 1000 times, it is expected that it will land with heads side up 500 times. With fuzzy logic, a thing with a "truth value" of 0.5 will have a value of 0.5 no matter how many times it is done. It is not a 50% chance of true or untrue, it is 50% true and 50% untrue at the same time.
Fuzzy logic is used a lot in expert systems and neural networks.
Humans tend to use a combination of predicate logic and fuzzy logic. If you are an outfielder catching a baseball hit into the air, then your precise logic will calculate trajectory and start you running to the point of intercept (catching). However, once close to the ball the eyes and brain of the outfielder lacks the ability to accurately estimate distance and speed because the ball is coming straight at the outfielder. The human brain switches to fuzzy logic that says "get me closer", "get me closer", and so on. That is why you see outfielders in baseball run to a spot and then move around as the ball gets closer.

Predicate logic says calculate the point to be at to catch the ball. Fuzzy logic says because of wind or other things you might not be in the correct place so just keep getting closer until you catch the ball.
In predicate logic it is the mathematics of calculating the path of the ball that determines your action. In fuzzy logic it is the error of your calculations that determines your action.

In effect, it's like your brain trying to steady a drink in your hand while traveling down a bumpy road.
Artificial intelligence
Logic
Douala is the largest city in the African country of Cameroon. It is the capital city of Littoral Province.

The city is placed near the Wouri River. Its population is about 2,000,000 people. The first European people who came to Douala were from Portugal. They found Duala in about 1472. Before 1884 it was named Cameroons Town. In 1884 German people came to Duala and changed its name to Kamarunstadt ("Camaroon City") and made it the capital of German Kamerun. In 1907 its name was changed to Duala. It became the capital of French Cameroons in 1919. From 1940 to 1946, it was the capital of Cameroon.

Duala is an expensive city. It ranked 24th most expensive city of the world in 2007.

Transport 
Douala is linked by rail to Yaoundé, Ngaoundéré, Kumba and Nkongsamba. The largest port and the most important airport in Cameron are both in Douala.

References

Other websites 
 Image of Douala from Google Earth

Cities in Cameroon
1472 establishments
15th-century establishments in Africa
Events 
 February 6 – The Virginia Minstrels perform the first minstrel show (Bowery Amphitheatre, New York City).
 February 8 – Earthquakes in Guadeloupe magnitude 8.5, 5000 people reported killed.
 February 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi premieres in Milan.
 May 18 – The Disruption of the Church of Scotland took place in Edinburgh.
 May 22 – The first major wagon train headed for the northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri, on the Oregon Trail.
 July 19 – The SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol.
 August 15  – Tivoli Gardens,  one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opened in Copenhagen, Denmark.
 October 13 – In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
 November 28 – Ka La Ku'oko'a: Hawaiian Independence Day.  The Kingdom of Hawai`i was officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation.
The world's first commercial Christmas cards are printed by Sir Henry Cole in London.
 December 17 – First publication of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
 James Joule quantifies the conversion of work into heat.
 In Barbados, the first black man, Samuel Jackson Prescod, is elected to the House of Assembly.
 The Danish government re-establishes the althing in Iceland as an advisory body.
 The first tunnel under the Thames is finished.
 Argentina supports Rosas of Uruguay and begins a siege of Montevideo.
 Quaternions are discovered by William Rowan Hamilton. 
 The Economist is first published.
 Bishop's University is founded.
 Abbeville is founded by descendants of Acadians from Nova Scotia.
1225 was a common year.

Births 
 Thomas Aquinas, Italian theologian (died 1274)
 Saint Isabel of France, daughter of Louis VIII of France
 David VI Narin, King of Georgia (died 1293)
 Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1282)
Events 
 June 25: Battle of Fontenay – Louis the German and Charles the Bald defeat Lothar.
Battle at Magh-Ochtar in Kildare, Ireland, at which Feidlimid mac Cremthanin is defeated by the Southern Uí Neill.
Events 
 Count Henry I of Champagne marries Marie de Champagne.
 Uppsala is recognized as the seat of the Swedish metropolitan.
 Antipope Paschal III elected by cardinals supporting Frederick Barbarossa.
 Olaf II of Norway is canonized as Saint Olaf.
 Archbishop Rainald of Dassel brings relics of the Magi from Milan to Cologne.
 Thomas Becket contends with Henry II, leaves England to solicit support from the Pope and the King of France.
 The first written record of Tver

1164
578 was a common year starting on Saturday.

Events 
Tiberius II Constantine succeeds Justin II as Byzantine Emperor
Kongo Gumi, world's oldest (construction) company founded in Osaka, Japan
Events 
 January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal
 May 1 – The Acts of Union 1707 become law, making the separate kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
 April 25 – Allied army is defeated by Bourbonic army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession.
 September 29 – Four British Royal Navy ships run aground near Scilly Isles because of faulty navigation – Admiral Sir Cloddisley Shovel and thousands of sailors drown
 October 23 – First Parliament of Great Britain.
 A fortress is founded on the future site of Ust-Abakanskoye (modern Abakan).
 Mount Fuji in Japan erupts.
 The Lao empire of Lan Xang officially ends and splits into the kingdoms of Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak.
Births 
 February 1 - Frederick, Prince of Wales (d. 1751)
 April 15 - Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1783)
 April 22 - Henry Fielding,  British writer (d. 1754)
 May 23 - Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (d. 1778)
 September 7 - Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French scientist (d. 1788)

Deaths
 May 9 - Dieterich Buxtehude, German composer (b. c. 1637)
972 was a leap year.

Events 

 Otto II marries Theophanu, Byzantine princess
 Battle of Cedynia – Polish duke Mieszko I defeats Germans
 Pope Benedict VI succeeds Pope John XIII as pope
 Boleslaus II the Pious succeeds Boleslav I of Bohemia in Bohemia
 Yaropolk of Kiev succeeds Sviatoslav I in Kiev
 Fatimids enter Egypt, establish the Al-Azhar mosque in Cairo
 Buluggin ibn Ziri appointed viceroy in Ifriqiya, start of the Zirid dynasty
 The monastery at the site of Peterborough Cathedral is rebuilt
 Saint Eadburga is canonized
 Emperor John Tzoimisces makes eastern Bulgaria a Byzantine subject
 The city of Satu Mare, Romania is founded

Births 

 March 27 – King Robert II of France (d. 1031)
 Al-Mawardi
 Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess and regent of Barcelona (d. 1057)
 Fujiwara no Yukinari
 Fulk III of Anjou
 Pope Gregory V
 Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
 Renauld I, Count of Nevers

Deaths
Deaths 

 July 15 – Boleslav I of Bohemia
 September 6 – Pope John XIII
 Liutprand, bishop of Cremona and historian
 Sviatoslav I, Prince of Kiev
 Kuya, Japanese monk of Pure Land Buddhism (b. 903)

970s
Events 
 Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba.
 Byzantine general George Maniaces captures Edessa.
 Henry I becomes King of France
 Bezprym seizes the throne of Poland from Mieszko II Lambert
 France suffers from a famine (until 1033).

Births 
 King Malcolm III of Scotland, Scottish royal (died 1093)
 Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of the Kingdom of England (died 1083)
 Roger I of Sicily, Count of Sicily (died 1101)

Deaths 
 July 20 – King Robert II of France (b. 972)
 September 2 – Saint Emeric of Hungary

References
Events 
 Sancho I of Aragon conquers Graus.
 Alfonso VI of Castile conquers Talavera de la Reina.
 Bosnia is conquered by Duklja.
 June – Pope Gregory VII is besieged in Castel Sant'Angelo by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
1027 (MXXVII) was a common year when the Julian calendar was used. It was the twenty-seventh year of the 2nd millennium and the 11th century.

Events 
 March 26 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor. 
 May 14 – Henry I of France is crowned king of France at Reims Cathedral.
 Aldred becomes abbot of Tavistock.
 Start of the Tibetan calendar.

Births 
 October 14 – William the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy (died 1087)

Deaths 
 Richard, Duke of Normandy, French nobleman (born 960)

References
Events 
 Pope John XXII elected to the papacy.
 The Great Famine of 1315-1317.

Deaths 
 Ala-ud-din-Khilji
Events 
 The term thoroughbred was first used in the United States in an advertisement in a Kentucky gazette to describe a New Jersey stallion called Pilgarlick.
 January 18 – Third Pacific expedition of Capt. James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first see O'ahu then Kaua'i in the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the "Sandwich Islands".
 February 5 – South Carolina becomes the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation.
 February 6 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France beginning official recognition of the new republic.
 February 23 – American Revolutionary War: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania and begins to train the Continental Army.
 July 10 – American  Revolutionary War: Louis XVI of France declares war on the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
 July 27 –  American Revolution: First Battle of Ushant – British and French fleets fight to a standoff.
August 26 – Triglav, at 2,864 metres above sea level the highest peak of Slovenia, was ascended for the first time by four brave men: Luka Korošec, Matevž Kos, Štefan Rožič and Lovrenc Willomitzer on Sigismund Zois's initiative.
 September – The Massachusetts Banishment Act, providing punishment for Loyalists, is passed.
 November 26 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to discover Maui.
 France introduced the first state-controlled brothel.
 The first settlement was made in the area of what is now Louisville, Kentucky by 13 families under Col. George Rogers Clark.
 Phillips Academy, the most prestigious secondary boarding school in the United States, was founded by Samuel Phillips Jr.
Events 
Vikings besiege Paris

Births 
 Emperor Daigo of Japan
 November 26 – Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang

Deaths
 April 6 – Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator
 June – Godfrith, the Sea King 
 July – Pope Adrian III
 July/August – Sulayman ibn Wahb, Abbasid vizier
Events 
 Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic at the University of Glasgow
 March 25 – For the last time, New Year's Day is legally on March 25 in England and Wales.
 March 31 – The future King George III of the United Kingdom succeeds his father as Prince of Wales.  His mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha becomes Dowager Princess of Wales.
 First publication of Encyclopédie
 The Academy and College of Philadelphia, the predecessor to the private University of Pennsylvania, is founded.
 Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in the British colonies, is founded.

Births 
 March 16 – James Madison, American politician, 4th President of the United States (d. 1836)

Deaths 
 March 31 – Frederick, Prince of Wales, member of the British Royal Family (b. 1707)
250 (CCL) was .

Events 
Diophantus writes Arithmetica the first systematic treatise on algebra. 
A group of Franks penetrate as far as Tarragona in Spain (approximate date).
Goths invade Moesia.
The Alamanni drive the Romans from the modern area of Donau-Ries.
Decius begins a period of persecution of the Christians in the Roman Empire.
Teotihuacán is rebuilt as a four-quartered cosmogram by Zapotec architects brought from Monte Albán in Oaxaca.
Kofun Period begins in Japan.

Births 

 Helena of Constantinople
 Licinius
Events 
March 16 – West Point is established.
March 25/27 – Treaty of Amiens between France and United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition.
March 28 – H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid Pallas.
May 19 – Napoleon Bonaparte establishes the French légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour).
June 8 – Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture is seized by French troops and sent to Fort de Joux for prison.
July 4 – At West Point, New York the United States Military Academy opens.
August 2 – In a plebiscite Napoleon Bonaparte is confirmed as consul for life.
September 11 – The Italian region of Piedmont becomes a part of Napoleonic France.
October 2 – War ends between Sweden and Tripoli. The United States also negotiates peace, but war continues over the size of compensation.
July – Eleuthère Irénée du Pont founds E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the modern DuPont Company.
October – French army enters Switzerland.
Marie Tussaud opens her famous wax museum in London, having been commissioned during the Reign of Terror to make death masks of the victims.
Treviranus uses the term biology for the first time.
Thomas Wedgwood produces the world's first photograph, but has no means of fixing the image, which quickly fades.
William Symington builds the first successful steamship, the Charlotte Dundas.
Ludwig van Beethoven performs the Moonlight Sonata for the first time.
William Wordsworth publishes the poem "Westminster Bridge."
The estimated world population reaches 1 billion people.
Ongoing events 
French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)
Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
37 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Proculus and Pontius.

Events 
 March 18 – Roman Senate ends Tiberius' will. They proclaim Caligula Roman Emperor.
 Caligula tries declare himself a god.  This creates tension between himself and the Senate.
 An earthquake destroys Antioch
 Abilene is granted to Agrippa I.
 Saint Peter founds the Syrian Orthodox Church. (traditional date)
 Probable year of the conversion of the Pharisee Saul of Tarsus to Christianity.  After 39 he is recognised as Saint Paul.

Births 
 December 15 – Nero, Roman Emperor
 Josephus, Jewish historian

Deaths 
 March 16 – Tiberius, Roman Emperor
 May 1 – Antonia Minor, daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor
 Marbod king of the Marcomanni

37
1584 was a leap year.

Events 
 June 1 – With the death of the Duc d'Anjou, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre becomes heir-presumptive to the throne of France.
 July 5 – Maronite College established in Rome
 July 10 – William I of Orange assassinated
 Change to the new Gregorian Calendar in many countries. Dates between October 5 – 14 ignored.
 The first translation of the complete Bible into Slovenian language: Bibilija, tu je vse svetu pismu stariga inu noviga testamenta, slovenski tolmačena skuzi Jurija Dalmatina (Wittenberg), i.e. The Bible, it is a Complete Holy Scripture of the Old and of the New Testament, Translated into Slovenian by Jurij Dalmatin.
 Archangelsk is founded in northern Russia.
 Feodor I succeeds his father Ivan IV as Tsar of Russia
 Latin Book of Concord published in Germany
 Ghent falls to the Spanish.
193 was a common year.

Events 
January 1 – Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor.
 June 1 – Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is assassinated in his palace.
Pertinax is killed after 87 days as Roman emperor. Septimius Severus finally gains control of the Roman Empire, after eliminating Pescennius Niger and Didius Julianus. Clodius Albinus also claims the Empire.
Last (4th) year of Chuping era of the Chinese Han Dynasty
1243 was a common year.

Events 
 Innocent IV was elected pope.
 Castile captures the city of Murcia from the Moors.
 City of Brno founded
 Battle of Köse Dag
1541 was a common year.

Events 
The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish
 February 12 – Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile.
 May 8 – Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River naming it Rio de Espiritu Santo.
 May 23 –  Jacques Cartier departs Saint-Malo France on his third voyage.
 July 9 – Estevão da Gama departs Massawa, leaving behind 400 matchlockmen and 150 slaves under his brother Christovão da Gama, with orders to assist the Emperor of Ethiopia defeat Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi who has invaded his Empire.
 August 29 – The Janissaries of Suleiman the Magnificent take Buda by ruse, hiding themselves as tourists.
 Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent seals off The Golden Gate in Jerusalem.
The Parliament of Ireland declares Henry VIII of England King of Ireland replacing the Lordship of Ireland with the Kingdom of Ireland.
 October – The unsuccessful Algerian campaign of Charles V of Spain Gabsurg
1354 was a common year.

Events 
 October 8 – Cola di Rienzo, self-proclaimed "tribune" of Rome, is killed by an angry mob
 End of reign of John VI Cantacuzenus, as Byzantine emperor.
 The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang is established.
Births 
 March 8 – John III, Duke of Brittany (died 1341)
 June 30 – John de Warenne, 8th Earl of Surrey, English politician (died 1347)
 James Douglas the Black, Scottish patriot (died 1330)
 Hugh the younger Despenser (died 1326)
 Frederick I of Austria (died 1330)
 William III, Count of Holland (died 1337)
1129 was a common year.

Deaths 
 March 8 – Queen Urraca of Castile (born 1082)
 July 24 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (born 1053)
 Prince Álmos, of Hungary
 Constantine II of Armenia
 Thoros I of Armenia
 Ranulph le Meschin, 1st Earl of Chester
 Symeon of Durham, English chronicler
 Margrave Leopold of Styria
Births 
 November 2 - Emperor Huizong of China (d. 1135)
 Queen Urraca of Castile (d. 1129)
1135 was a common year.

Deaths 
 June 4 – Emperor Huizong of China (b. 1082)
 December 1 – King Henry I of England
 Al-Mustarshid, Caliph of Baghdad
 Milarepa, Tibetan yogi and poet (born 1052)
The year 1052 was a leap year which started on Wednesday.

Events 
 Godwin, Earl of Wessex returns to England from exile.

Births 
 May 23 – King Philip I of France (d. 1108)
Events 
 January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat was fought between Marathas and Afghans
 January 16 – British capture Pondicherry, India from the French.
 February 8 – Earthquake in London breaks chimneys in Limehouse and Poplar
 March 8 – Second earthquake in North London, Hampstead and Highgate
 In Dutch Guayana a “state” formed by escaped slaves signs a treaty with the local governor
 Opening of Matthew Boulton's Soho Manufactory.
 Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star is published, in France.
 June 6 – Transit of Venus occurred, and was observed from 120 locations around the globe.
 The vizier Muhammad Abu al Kaylak, who had led the Funj army in wars, carries out a Sennar palace coup, relegating the sultan to a figurehead role. (History of Sudan (Coming of Islam to the Turkiyah))
The 1470s was the decade that started on January 1, 1470 and ended on December 31, 1479.

Events 
 1470 July 12 – The Ottomans capture Euboea.
 1471 March – The Yorkist King Edward IV returns to England to reclaim his throne.
 1472 – Foundation of the Kingdom of Fez.
 1474 February – The Treaty of Utrecht ends the Anglo-Hanseatic War.
1476 – Battle of Avenches
 1477 February 27 – Uppsala University is founded.
 1478 November 1 – Start of the Spanish Inquisition.
 1479 January 20 – Ferdinand II takes the throne of Aragon. He rules together with his wife Isabella I, Queen of Castile.
1476 was a leap year.

Events 
 March 2 – Battle of Grandson. A Swiss army defeats the Burgundians under Charles the Bold
 June 2 – Battle of Morat. The Swiss again defeat Charles.
 December – Vlad III Dracula manages to become reigning Prince of Wallachia for the third and last time before being assassinated by decapitation. His head is sent to his old enemy Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire.
The Gleiwitz incident was a planned German attack against the radio station "Sender Gleiwitz" in the German town of Gliwice on the night of August 31, 1939. This attack along with other Nazi activities was used to make people think that Poland attacked Germany and that Poland, not Germany started World War II.

Nazism
World War II
August events
1939 in Europe
1930s in Germany
Free may mean:

For things that are not alive, it means that it is being given away by someone who does not want any money in return
For living creatures, including people, it means having freedom: being able to be what one wants to be, or to do what one wants to do, without being ordered around
 Free County (), a former region of France
 Free (band), an English rock band
 Free software, software that anyone may run, share, and change, at any time, for any reason. 

Basic English 850 words
Mackinac Island is an island in Lake Huron.  It is part of the U.S. state of Michigan and is 8 miles (13 kilometers) around.

Many people go to see Mackinac Island in the summer because the island passed a local law that says that no one can use a car on the island.  Everybody has to ride a horse or a bicycle.  In recent years, young people have been using roller skates or roller blades to get around the island.  There is a narrow paved road that follows the 8 miles of shoreline.  This road is for horses (and their buggies), bicycles, skaters and joggers or just people taking a long walk.  

In order to get to Mackinac Island, visitors have to buy a ticket on a ferry boat.  The boat ride has views of Lake Huron and the Mackinac Bridge.  After they get to Mackinac Island, many visitors buy locally made fudge.  

Islands of the United States
Geography of Michigan
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars is a list of the top actors in Hollywood history. It was announced by the American Film Institute on June 16, 1999.

The list promised one hundred people on it, but in the end there were only fifty.

As of 2023, of the fifty stars listed, only one is still alive (Sophia Loren). At the time the list was unveiled Katharine Hepburn, Elizabeth Taylor, Shirley Temple, Lauren Bacall, Marlon Brando, Gregory Peck, Kirk Douglas and Sidney Poitier were also still living.

The list 

American Film Institute
Lists of actors
Havana () is the capital city of Cuba. Its population was 2.1 million in 2012. It is at 23°8′N 82°23′W and is a little more than 100 miles south-southwest of Key West, Florida in the United States.

Havana is a very old city. It was founded in 1515 by Spanish explorers. Due to its important location it became a springboard for the Spanish conquest of the Americas. Also, it became a stopping point for Spanish ships returning to Spain filled with treasure. King Philip II of Spain granted Havana the title of City in 1592. Walls as well as forts were built to protect the old city. The sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana's harbor in 1898 was the immediate cause of the Spanish–American War.

References

Other websites 

Provinces of Cuba
1515 establishments
 
Establishments in Cuba
Bismarck is a German family name.

Otto von Bismarck
The name "Bismarck" is usually associated with Otto von Bismarck, a famous Prussian and later German statesman in the 19th century. His name is sometimes misspelled Bismark.

Ships

Battlecruiser class
 Fürst Bismarck, a Mackensen class battlecruiser of the German navy, still under construction at the time of the 1918 Armistice and never completed.

Battleship
The Bismarck was a battleship of the German navy during WWII
 The Bismarck Chase
 Sink the Bismarck!, a 1960 movie about the sinking of the Bismarck
 Sink the Bismarck, a 1960 Johnny Horton song inspired by the movie
 Expedition: Bismarck, a 2002 documentary about the battleship Bismarck.

Ocean liners
 The SS Bismarck of 1914 became the RMS Majestic as a part of World War I war reparations.

Places
Places

Geography
 the Bismarck Sea, north of the island of New Guinea
 the Bismarck Archipelago, a part of Papua New Guinea
 Bismarck, North Dakota, the capital of the U.S. state of North Dakota
 Bismarck, Arkansas
 Bismarck, Illinois
 Bismarck, Missouri
 Bismark, Ontario, a hamlet in Canada at the junction of Highway 20 and Highway 57
 Bismark, Saxony-Anhalt, the German town from which the Bismarck family originated

Buildings and structures
 "Bismarck towers"
 Bismarck Tower Stettin
Other people named Bismarck
 Herebord von Bismarck, the first verifiable holder of the name (from the 13th century)
 Ludolf August von Bismarck (1683-1750), a Russian General
 Levin Friedrich von Bismarck (1703-1774), a Prussian Attorney General
 August Wilhelm von Bismarck (1750-1783), a Prussian Finance Minister
 Friedrich Alexander Graf von Bismarck-Bohlen (1818-1894), a Prussian General
 Herbert von Bismarck (1849-1904), Secretary of State, son of Otto von Bismarck
 Gottfried von Bismarck (1881-1928)
 Bernhard von Bismarck
 Otto Fürst von Bismarck (1815-1898), a highly influential German politician of the 19th century. Prime Minister of Prussia, and Chancellor of the Second German Reich.
 Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1901-1949), a Nazi parliamentary representative, grandson of Otto von Bismarck
 Count Gottfried von Bismarck (1962-2007) son of Prince Ferdinand von Bismarck, great-great-grandson of the famous Otto von Bismarck
Philipp von Bismarck (b. 1913), a German politician of the CDU party
 Prince Ferdinand von Bismarck
 Klaus von Bismarck, 1961-1976, and administrator of a German radio station
 Gunilla von Bismarck (b. 1949), great-granddaughter of Otto von Bismarck, a German philanthropist
 Carl-Eduard von Bismarck (b. 1961), great-great-grandson of Otto von Bismarck, a German politician
 Aurel von Bismarck, a musician and composer
Things
 Bismarck, a beer mix also known as a Black Velvet
 Bismarck herring, a variant of rollmops

Media
 Sei Jūshi Bismarck, a Japanese anime series released by Studio Pierrot in 1984.
Crusinallo, with 4000 people, is the most populated district of the town of Omegna (in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in Piedmont, Italy). It was an independent town until 1928. The town of Crusinallo is located in the north part of the town of Omegna, at the border with the towns of Casale Corte Cerro, Gravellona Toce, and Germagno. The natural borders are: at north, the Saint Martino river; at east and south, the Strona river; at west, the forest of Alpe Colla.

Settlements in Verbano-Cusio-Ossola
1752 only had 355 days.

Events 
 February 11 – Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in the US, is opened.
 March 23 – The Halifax Gazette, the first Canadian newspaper
 June 6 – Fire destroys part of Moscow
 June 15 – Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity using a kite and a key.
 September 14, Gregorian Calendar – The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, making it necessary to skip eleven days (September 2 being followed directly by September 14 this year)
 Adam Smith at the University of Glasgow transfers to professor of moral philosophy
 English Scientist Lord John Davies first observes what is later recognised as respiratory collapse
Events
 669 BC - Assurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria
 668 BC - Shamash-shum-ukin, son of Esarhaddon, becomes King of Babylon
 668 BC - Egypt revolts against Assyria
 667 BC - Byzantium founded by Megaran colonists under Byzas. (traditional date)
 664 BC - First naval battle in Greek recorded history, between Corinth and Corcyra
 664 BC - Assurbanipal captures and sacks Thebes, Egypt
 664 BC - Psammetichus I succeeds Necho I as king of Lower Egypt
 664 BC - Taharqa appoints his nephew Tantamani as his successor of Upper Egypt
 660 BC - Legendary Emperor Jimmu's reign starts; traditional date of 1st Japanese monarch of Yamato dynasty
 660 BC - First known use of the demotic script
 660 BC - Psammetichus I drives the Assyrians out of Egypt
Events 
 January 3 – Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine.
 March 10 – Christopher Columbus leaves Hispaniola for Spain, ending his second visit to the Western Hemisphere.
 July – Spanish forces under Gonzalo Hernandez de Cordoba capture Atella after a siege. Among the prisoners is the French viceroy of Naples, the Comte de Montpensier. Ferrante II is restored to the throne of Naples.
 Jesus College (University of Cambridge) founded.

Births 
 March 28 – Mary Tudor, queen of Louis XII of France (died 1533)
 May 12 – King Gustav I of Sweden (died 1560)
 October 20 – Claude, Duke of Guise, French soldier (died 1550)
 François Bonivard, Swiss historian (died 1570)
 Edward Fox, English churchman (died 1538)
 Richard Maitland, Scottish poet (died 1586)
 Clément Marot, French poet (died 1544)
 Anthony St Leger, Lord Deputy of Ireland (died 1559)
 Menno Simons, Dutch religious leader (died 1561)
 Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester (died 1549)
Deaths 
 March 4 – Archduke Sigismund of Austria (born 1427)
 September 7 – King Ferdinand II of Naples (born 1469)
 September 25 – Piero Capponi, Italian soldier and statesman (born 1447)
 Piero del Pollaiuolo, Italian painter (born 1443)
Events 
February 21 – Battle of Wayna Daga – A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn.
May – Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
July 12 – King Henry VIII of England marries Catherine Parr. It is the sixth of Henry's marriages and the third of Catherine's. Princess Elizabeth attends the wedding
 August 5 – Turkish and French troops under Khair ed-Din Barbarossa occupy Nice
September-October – Landrecies in Picardy is besieged by forces under Emperor Charles V, but withdraw on the approach of the French army.

Japanese receive first firearms from shipwrecked Portuguese
Native Americans in Spanish colonies are announced free against the wish of local settlers
Martin Luther publishes On the Jews and Their Lies.
Births 
 January 18 – (baptized) – Alfonso Ferrabosco, Italian composer
 January 31 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shogun
 February 15 – Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
 February 16 – Kano Eitoku, Japanese painter
 April 1 – François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières, Constable of France
 September 14 – Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit

Deaths 
January 2 – Francesco Canova da Milano, Italian composer
January 3 – Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer
January 9 – Guillaume du Bellay, French diplomat and general
February 21 – Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi, Imam of Adal (killed in battle)
May 24 – Nicolaus Copernicus, mathematician and astronomer
July 19 – Lady Mary Boleyn, mistress of Kings Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England
September 20 – Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland
November 29 – Hans Holbein the Younger, German artist, active in England
362 was a common year in the Julian calendar.

Events 

 An earthquake strikes Nicaea (Turkey).
 An earthquake strikes Al-Karak (Jordan).

Births 

 Flavia Maxima Constantia, daughter of Constantius II
 Jin Xiaowudi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Deaths 

 Dorotheus of Tyre, bishop and martyr
 Princess Dowager Ma, concubine of Zhang Jun
360s
1071 is a common year.

Events 
 April — The last Byzantine-controlled city in southern Italy, Bari, is captured by Robert Guiscard. 
 August 26 — Byzantine Empire loses Battle of Manzikert to Turkish army under Alp Arslan. Control of much of Asia Minor passes to the Turks.
 Construction of Richmond Castle in North Yorkshire, England begins.
Events 
 August 26 – Kings Rudolph I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield, a match of over 80,000 men and the largest battle of knights in the Middle Ages. The battle ends a power struggle between Rudolph and Otakar over the fate of central Europe, and Rudolph's Habsburg family will continue to rule Austria and other captured territories until the end of World War I in 1918.
 The independence, boundaries, and political structure of Andorra are agreed to by the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and the French Count of Foix.
 The earliest known written copy of the Avesta, a collection of ancient sacred Persian Zoroastrian texts previously passed down orally, is produced.
 An edict by Pope Nicholas III requires all Jews to attend conversion sermons.
 The Japanese era Kenji ends, and the Koan era begins.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is one of the world's largest non-profit organisations about animal rights. The four main beliefs of PETA are that animals are not to be used for food, clothes, exploitation or testing. The headquarters of the organization is in Norfolk, Virginia in the United States. PETA was started by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco in 1980.

PETA has protested fast food chain KFC for the way it kills chickens and also for jallikattu or sallikattu in Tamil Nadu (India). In the past, it has protested many corporations including Iams, which makes pet food. 

PETA's main website is made for adults and vegans. They also have another website called PETA2 which is made for teenagers who are vegetarian, vegan or still deciding. PETA says it has over nine million members.

References

Other websites 

 PETA (General)
 PETA (UK)
 YouTube profile
 PETA UK on YouTube

Animal rights
Non-profit organizations of the United States
Ethics
Norfolk, Virginia
A software licence (or software license in United States English) is a kind of licence that is used to set rules about how a piece of software can or cannot be used. After getting the software by either downloading it or buying it, you need to agree with the licence in order to use it. The licence is chosen or created by the software developer/creator or software publisher. Many licences answer questions such as "can I use this software commercially/to make money?", or "can I give this software to other people?", or in general, "in what ways am I allowed/permitted to use this software?".

One kind of software licence, an end user licence agreement, or "EULA", is very specific/descriptive about the things that you can or cannot do with the software, and oftentimes establishes/defines the rights of the software developer over the user. Most EULAs are written by the specific software developer and are not shared like other software licences.
List 
Affero General Public License
Apache License
BSD licence
General Public License
Lesser General Public License
MIT License
Mozilla Public License
PHP License
Zlib License

 
Copyright
The BSD licence is named after the group that first used the licence, the University of California, Berkeley, where the BSD operating system was first made. Since they are in the United States, BSD uses the U.S. spelling BSD license.

The licence 
The words of the BSD licence are public domain and can be changed however people want. To be useful for people or groups, people need to change 'Regents of the University of California', 'University of California, Berkeley', and 'Regents' to their name. A basic BSD licence looks like this:
* Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 * All rights reserved.
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the University of California, Berkeley nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
This means that any person who uses the licensed software can do anything with it, but the person cannot say it is all their work or say that the first makers of the software support the person's new software in any way. It also stops people from suing the first makers if something goes wrong with it.

Related pages
 Software licence

Software licences
BSD
Events 
 May 21 – Trial of the Necklace affair ends in Paris
 August 8 – Mont Blanc was climbed for the first time by Dr. Michael-Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat.
August 29– Shays Rebellion begins
 September 2 – Hurricane in England.
 November 7 – The oldest musical organization in the United States was founded as the Stoughton Musical Society.
 November 30 – Peter Leopold Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, promulgates a penal reform making his country the first state to abolish the death penalty. November 30 is therefore commemorated by 300 cities around the world as Cities for Life Day.
 December 4 – The Mission Santa Barbara, was founded by Father Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, becoming the tenth mission in the California mission chain.
Choctaw Treaty
Chickasaw Treaty
Robert Burns publishes Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
 Francis Light acquires the island of Penang from the Sultan of Kedah on behalf of the British East India Company. It is the first British colony in South-East Asia.
 Anglo-Spanish treaty gives Belize to Britain
 First ship of convicts leaves Britain for Botany Bay, Australia – 820 out of 1138 aboard are convicts
 The trade with Iceland is opened to all Danish and Norwegian traders.
 The Mozart opera "The Marriage of Figaro" is premiered in Vienna
 Goethe undertakes his 'Italian Journey' throughout September-December (published in 1817)
Births 
 January 8 – Nicholas Biddle, President of the Second Bank of the United States (d. 1844)
 January 12 – Sir Robert Inglis, Bt, English politician (d. 1855)
 January 23 – Auguste de Montferrand, French architect (d. 1858)
 February 16 – Maria Pavlovna of Russia, Grand duchess of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach (d. 1859)
 February 24 – Martin W. Bates, U.S. Senator from Delaware (d. 1869)
 February 24 – Wilhelm Grimm, German philologist and folklorist (d. 1859)
 March 22 – Joachim Lelewel, Polish historian (d. 1861)
 June 13 – Winfield Scott, American general and Presidential candidate (d. 1866)
 August 17 – David "Davy" Crockett, American frontiersman (d. 1836)
 August 25 – King Ludwig I of Bavaria (d. 1868)
 September 10 – William Mason, American politician (d. 1860)
 September 11 – Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (d. 1832)
 September 18 – King Christian VIII of Denmark (d. 1848)
 September 24 – Charles Bianconi, Italian-Irish entrepreneur
 December 12 – William L. Marcy, American statesman (d. 1857)
Deaths 

 

nv:1751 – 1800
Events 
 March – William Dampier makes first recorded visit to Christmas Island.
 April 18 (Julian calendar) – Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery drafted by four Germantown Quakers.
 April 29 – Frederick I of Prussia becomes Kurfürst (Elector) of Brandenburg.
 June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the "Immortal Seven", invite William and Mary to depose James II of England.
 July – Phetracha stages a coup d'état and becomes king of Ayutthaya.
 October 27 – King James II of England fires his minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.
 November 5 – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Brixham but James II of England is prevented from meeting him in battle because many of his officers and men desert to the other side.
 November 9 – William of Orange captures Exeter after the magistrates flee the city.
 November 23 – A group of 1500 Old Believers immolated themselves to avoid capture when troops of the tsar laid siege to their monastery on Lake Onega.
November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England, Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands. Perhaps revealingly, he does not attack the Netherlands but instead strikes at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire with about 100,000 soldiers.  The Nine Years' War begins in Europe and America.
 December 11 – After a series of defeats King James II of England flees England for France.
Undated 
 Austria occupies Belgrade.
 Francesco Morosini becomes Doge of Venice.
 Fire destroys Bungay in England.
 Ottoman Turks besiege Vienna.
 Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town.
 Antonio Verrio begins work on the Heaven Room at Burghley House.
 Janez Vajkard Valvasor becomes a member of the Royal Society.
 The Austrians incite a rebellion against the Ottomans in Bulgaria.

Births
Births 

 January 18 – Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1765)
 January 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian (died 1772)
 February 2 – Queen Ulrike Eleonora of Sweden (died 1741)
 February 4 – Pierre de Marivaux, French playwright (died 1763)
 March – William Burnet, British colonial administrator (died 1729)
 April 4 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (died 1768)
 April 15 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German composer (died 1758)
 May 22 –  Alexander Pope, English poet (died 1744)
 June 10 – James Francis Edward Stuart, "The Old Pretender" (died 1766)
 July 19 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (died 1766)
 August 14 – King Frederick William I of Prussia (died 1740)
 September 12 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (died 1731)
 October 17 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian composer (died 1726)
 October 22 – Nadir Shah of Persia (died 1747)
 Date Unknown – Charles Rivington, English publisher (died 1742)