Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Thyone or , is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2001, and given the designation .

Thyone is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 21,406,000 km in 639.803 days, at an inclination of 147° to the ecliptic (147° to Jupiter's equator) with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2526.

It was named in August 2003 after Thyone, better known as Semele, one of Zeus' conquests in Greek mythology.

Thyone belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
The Su-27 is still in service with the Russian Air Force and others. Russian Air Force has hundreds of aircraft.
Half the fleet -about 100 fighters- has been modernized in the SM version from 2004 to 2012. The SM version has improved avionics, guided Air-to-Ground missiles and guided bombs and a “glass” cockpit. Russian Air Force received 12 newly built modernized SM3 aircraft in 2011.

Related pages
 MiG-29 Fulcrum
 F-16 Fighting Falcon
 F-15 Eagle
 F/A-18 Hornet
 F-14 Tomcat

References 

Indian military aircraft
Soviet military aircraft
Cold War
Friedrich Wilhelm "F. W." Murnau (28 December 1888 – 11 March 1931) was a German movie director. He was one of the most influential directors of the silent movie era.  He was born in Bielefeld and attended the University of Heidelberg. He studied art history. He was openly gay. He was 6'4 (193 cm). He was said to have an icy disposition and an obsession with film. He was a combat pilot during World War I. He directed his first movie Der Knabe in Blau () in 1919.

Murnau's most famous movie is Nosferatu (1922). It was based on the book Dracula. Faust was Murnau's last German movie. Nosferatu and Faust were two of the first films to have original music. Some of his German movies were considered to be Expressionist movies.
Murnau went to Hollywood in 1926. He joined the Fox Studio. He made Sunrise in 1927. It did not make a lot of money. It did receive an Academy Award in 1929. Murnau's next two movies were sound movies. They were not well received. Murnau was disappointed. He quit Fox. He went to the South Pacific. In Bora Bora he made Tabu. The movie was censored in the United States for images of bare-breasted Polynesian women. Murnau died in an automobile accident in Santa Barbara, California. He is buried in Stahnsdorf near Berlin.Only 11 people attended his funeral. One of them was Greta Garbo.

References

Other websites 

1888 births
1931 deaths
Gay men
German LGBT people
German military personnel of World War I
German movie directors
German movie producers
LGBT directors
People from Bielefeld
Road accident deaths in California
Harpalyke or , is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2000, and given the designation . In August 2003,the moon was named after Harpalyke, the incestuous daughter of Klymenos, who was in some accounts a lover of Zeus (Jupiter).

Harpalyke belongs to the Ananke group, believed to be the remnants of a break-up of a captured asteroid. It is about 4 kilometres in diameter and appears grey similar to C-type asteroids. The moon orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 21,064,000 km in 624.542 days, at an inclination of 147° to the ecliptic (147° to Jupiter's equator) with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2441.

References 

 Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES
 Mean orbital parameters NASA JPL

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages
 Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
Giganotosaurus is a large theropod dinosaur. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous, about 99 - 97 million years ago in what is now Argentina. 70 percent of the skeleton has been found. Giganotosaurus was probably the second largest carnivorous dinosaur of all time. Another large carnivore, Mapusaurus, also lived in the same territory. They were both relatives of the North African  Carcharodontosaurus. 

The largest specimen is  long, and  tall at the hip. Its weight is estimated as . 

Titanosaur fossils belonging to Andesaurus and Limaysaurus have been found near the remains of Giganotosaurus. The huge titanosaur Argentinosaurus also lived in the area. Probably, the titanosaurs were the main prey of the large theropods.

References 

Carnosaurs
Orthosie or , is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott Sheppard in 2001, and given the designation .

Orthosie is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 20,568,000 km in 602.619 days, at an inclination of 142° to the ecliptic (143° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2433.

It was named in August 2003 after Orthosie, the Greek goddess of prosperity and one of the Horae. The Horae (Hours) were daughters of Zeus and Themis.

Orthosie belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
Eoraptor is one of the earliest known theropod dinosaurs. It was a very small omnivore or carnivore which lived in the Lower Triassic, about 245 million years ago (mya). It is the only one of the possible early dinosaurs which can be exactly dated by a layer of volcanic ash close beneath the fossil. 

Eoraptor was a small, lightly-built archosaur that walked on two long legs. It was about  it had light, hollow bones, a long head with dozens of small, sharp teeth, and five fingers on its grasping hands (two of the fingers on each hand were very small).

The fossil was found in the Ischigualasto Formation in the Argentine. This contains some of the oldest known dinosaur and archosaur remains. They are of top quality, number and importance. It is the only place in the world where nearly all of the Triassic is represented in an undisturbed sequence of strata. What is now badlands was then a volcanically active floodplain dominated by rivers, with a strongly seasonal rainfall.
Rhynchosaurs and cynodonts are by far the most common among the tetrapod fossils in the park. Dinosaurs make up only 6% of the findings, but these include early samples of the two major lineages of dinosaurs (ornithischians and saurischians). The carnivorous Herrerasaurus is the most numerous of these dinosaur fossils.

Teeth 
The teeth of Eoraptor  are of two types. There are  serrated, recurved teeth in the maxillae (upper jaws), like the teeth  of theropods, and leaf-shaped teeth in the dentary (lower jaw), like the teeth of basal sauropodomorphs.

Cladogram 
Below is a cladogram based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Sues et al. in 2011, showing the relationships of Eoraptor:

A large analysis of early dinosaurs by Matthew Baron, David Norman and Paul Barrett (2017) found Eoraptor to be the earliest diverging member of Theropoda, within the larger clade Ornithoscelida.

References 

Theropods
Triassic dinosaurs
Expressionism is an art and cultural movement of the 20th century.
Expressionist artists try to express a feeling with what they create. Colours and shapes are not used in a way people see them, but as the artist feels them. 

Expressionism emerged as an 'avant-garde movement' in poetry and painting before the First World War. In the Weimar years it was appreciated by a mass audience, peaking in popularity in 1920s Berlin.

Expressionism presents the world as subjective: how the artist feels it, not how it is scientifically. The art looks to get an emotional effect, and transmits personal moods and ideas. Expressionist artists sought to express the meaning of "being alive" and emotional experience rather than physical reality.
Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms, including: painting, literature, theatre, dance, film, architecture and music. The term often implies emotional angst. In a general sense, painters such El Greco could be called expressionist; in practice, the term is applied only to 20th century works.

The Expressionist stress on the individual perspective was also a reaction to positivism and other artistic movements such as naturalism and impressionism.

Typical modern expressionists are Edvard Munch (The Scream), August Macke, Ernst-Ludwig Kirchner, Emil Nolde, Marc Chagall,  and others. The First World War, with the many young men who died, left deep impressions on artists' minds.

References 

Art movements
Suchomimus ("crocodile mimic") was a fish-eating (and meat-eating) large spinosaurid theropod dinosaur with a crocodile-like head. It lived 112 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous period in what is now Africa.

It was about 10.3–11 m (34–36 ft) long, and weighed 2.7 and 5.2 tonnes (2.7 and 5.1 long tons; 3.0 and 5.7 short tons). It walked on two powerful hind legs, and had short clawed arms with three fingers, the first finger was the longest.

References 
Dinosaurs of Africa
Spinosauridae
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Kale or , is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found in 2001 by astronomers at the University of Hawaii, and was originally designated as .

Kale is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,409,000 km in 685.324 days, at an orbital inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (166° to Jupiter's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.2011.

It was named in August 2003 after one of the Charites (Greek Χάριτες, Latin Gratiae, "Graces"), daughters of Zeus (Jupiter). Kale is the spouse of Hephaestus according to some authors (although most have Aphrodite play that role).

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
The article about the original faith of the Celts is at Celtic polytheism
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism, which is sometimes just called by its initials,  "CR", is a religion. People who belong to the religion call themselves "Celtic Reconstructionists" or "Celtic Reconstructionist Pagans".  Sometimes they just call themseleves "CRs".

The Celts were the people who lived long ago in many parts of Europe, but mainly in the countries of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Gaul (modern-day France). The Modern Celts are the people who live in those countries now, or whose ancestors lived there.
Like the ancient Celts did before them, CRs are polytheistic and have many gods and goddesses. They believe in spirits and ancestors, too, and they often honour them with rituals and offerings. Offerings to the spirits might be food, or songs, or poetry. CRs often learn the languages spoken by the Celts, if they do not speak them already. These languages include the Irish language, Scottish Gaelic, the Welsh language and others.

Celtic Reconstructionists are a type of Pagan Reconstructionist. Reconstructionists believe in practicing a religion that is from one culture. They are different from eclectic Pagans, who mix parts of different cultures together.

How it started
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism (CR) started in the 1980s, when people interested in the Celts and in Paganism were looking for an authentic religion. By the 1990s there were lots of CRs. Some of them met each other at Pagan gatherings, and later more people met each other on the Internet.
The first person to write about being a "Celtic Reconstructionist Pagan" was Kym Lambert ní Dhoireann. She wrote this in the Spring, 1992 issue of Harvest Magazine. She says she got the idea for the name from Kathryn Price NicDhàna, who had also written about it. Margot Adler's 1979 book, Drawing Down the Moon has a chapter on "Pagan Reconstructionists", and Kathryn NicDhàna says this is probably where she got the idea, even though the book does not mention Celtic Reconstructionists, just other kinds.

What Celtic Reconstructionists believe, and what they do
Celtic Reconstructionists base their religion on what we know of the Ancient Celtic people's religion, and also on Celtic folklore. They focus on a particular Celtic culture, such as the Gaelic Welsh or Gaulish. Many CRs are scholars, or mystics, though many believe it's important to be both. CRs read lots of books and do things like meditation, prayer, and rituals. CRs believe that honesty and honorable behaviour is important.
Community rituals are usually based on traditional community celebrations found in folkloric collections by authors such as Marian McNeill, Kevin Danaher or John Gregorson Campbell. These celebrations often involve bonfires, dances, songs, divination and children's games. More formal or mystical CR rituals are often based on traditional techniques of interacting with the Otherworld, such as the act of making offerings of food, drink and art to the spirits of the land, ancestral spirits, and the Celtic deities. CR ritual structures are based on the ancient Celtic idea of the "Three Realms" - Land, Sea and Sky - with the fire of inspiration seen as a central, uniting force. Many CRs have altars and shrines to the spirits and deities they believe in.  They may place these altars at outdoor, natural locations such as wells, streams, and special trees. Some CRs practice divination, such as the taking of omens from the shapes of clouds or the behaviour of birds and animals.
Other names for Celtic Reconstructionists
While Celtic Reconstructionism was the earliest name in use, and is still used the most often, other names for a Celtic Reconstructionist approach have also come into use, with varying degrees of success.

Pàganachd / Págánacht
Some CR groups have looked to Celtic languages for a more culturally specific name for the tradition, or for their branch of the tradition. There are groups who now described their traditions as Pàganachd ("Paganism, Heathenism" in Scottish Gaelic) or the Irish version, Págánacht.  Some Gaelic-oriented groups use the two terms somewhat interchangeably, or further modify these terms to describe the CR sub-tradition practiced by their particular group, such as Pàganachd Allaidh (“Wild Paganism”)   or Pàganachd Bhandia (“Paganism of Goddesses”),
both used by Gaelic Reconstructionist groups on the East Coast of the US.
Senistrognata
In the late 1990s, members of Imbas, a Celtic Reconstructionist group in Seattle, began promoting the name Senistrognata, which they say means "the ancestral customs of the Celtic peoples"  in reconstructed Old Celtic.

Other
The Irish word for “polytheism”, Ildiachas, is in use by at least one group on the West Coast of the US as Ildiachas Atógtha (“reconstructed polytheism”).
Aurrad, which came into use among members of the Nemeton mailing list in the mid 1990s, means "person of legal standing in the túath" in Old Irish.

Related pages
Celt
Celtic mythology
Celtic polytheism
Modern Celts
Polytheistic Reconstructionism
 Festivals
Imbolc
Beltane
Lughnasadh
Samhain

References

More reading
Celtic Reconstructionism
Adler, Margot (1979) Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today
Bonewits, Isaac (2006) Bonewits's Essential Guide to Druidism. New York, Kensington Publishing Group  Chapter 9: "Celtic Reconstructionists and other Nondruidic Druids"
Fairgrove, Rowan (1994) What we don't know about the ancient Celts. Originally printed in The Pomegranate, 2. Now available online
Kondratiev, Alexei (1998) The Apple Branch: A Path to Celtic Ritual. San Francisco, Collins.  (1st edition),  (2nd edition) [also reprinted without revision under the title Celtic Rituals]
Laurie, Erynn Rowan (1995) A Circle of Stones: Journeys and Meditations for Modern Celts. Chicago, Eschaton. 
McColman, Carl (2003) The Complete Idiot's Guide to Celtic Wisdom. Alpha Press 
NicDhàna, Kathryn Price; Erynn Rowan Laurie, C. Lee Vermeers, Kym Lambert ní Dhoireann, et al. (2007) The CR FAQ - An Introduction to Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism. River House Publishing.
Telesco, Patricia [editor] (2005) Which Witch is Which? Franklin Lakes, NJ, New Page Books / The Career Press , p. 85-9: "Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism"
Celtic polytheism and folklore

Celtic Reconstructionists rely on primary mythological texts, as well as surviving folklore, for the basis of their religious practices. No list can completely cover all the recommended works, but this is a small sample of sources used.

General Celtic
Evans Wentz, W. Y. (1966, 1990) The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. Gerrards Cross, Colin Smythe Humanities Press 
MacCana, Proinsias (1970) Celtic Mythology. Middlesex, Hamlyn. 
MacKillop, James (1998) A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 
Rees, Alwyn and Brinley (1961) Celtic Heritage: Ancient Tradition in Ireland and Wales. New York, Thames and Hudson. 
Sjoestedt, Marie-Louise (1982) Gods and Heroes of the Celts. Translated by Myles Dillon, Berkeley, CA, Turtle Island Foundation.
Gaelic (Irish and Scottish)
Campbell, John Gregorson (1900, 1902, 2005) The Gaelic Otherworld.  Edited by Ronald Black. Edinburgh, Birlinn Ltd. 
Carmichael, Alexander (1992) Carmina Gadelica: Hymns and Incantations (with illustrative notes on wards, rites, and customs dying and obsolete/ orally collected in the highlands and islands of Scotland by Alexander Carmichael). Hudson, NY, Lindisfarne. 
Clark, Rosalind (1991) The Great Queens: Irish Goddesses from the Morrigan to Cathleen ni Houlihan. Savage, MD, Barnes and Noble Books. 
Danaher, Kevin (1972) The Year in Ireland.  Dublin, Mercier. 
Dillon, Myles (1994) Early Irish Literature. Dublin, Four Courts Press. 
Gray, Elizabeth A (1982) Cath Maige Tuired: The 2nd Battle of Mag Tuired. Dublin, Irish Texts Society
McNeill, F. Marian (1959). The Silver Bough, Vol. 1-4.  Glasgow, William MacLellan
Nagy, Joseph Falaky (1985) The Wisdom of the Outlaw: The Boyhood Deeds of Finn in Gaelic Narrative Tradition. Berkely, University of California Press.
Patterson, Nerys Thomas (1994) Cattle Lords and Clansmen: The Social Structure of Early Ireland. Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame Press (2nd edition) 
Power, Patrick C. (1976) Sex and Marriage in Ancient Ireland. Dublin, Mercier
Smyth, Daragh (1988, 1996) A Guide to Irish Mythology. Dublin, Irish Academic Press
Comparative European
Davidson, H.R. Ellis (1988) Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions. Syracuse, Syracuse University Press. 
Epstein, Angelique Gulermovich (1998) War Goddess: The Morrígan and Her Germano-Celtic Counterparts. Los Angeles, University of California
Lincoln, Bruce (1991) Death, War, and Sacrifice: Studies in Ideology and Practice. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Other websites
The CR FAQ - An Introduction to Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism: Written by representatives of different CR groups - including some of the founders of the tradition - the FAQ is only the second document to present a consensus view that speaks for more than one group's vision.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism : The much-briefer consensus tradition statement from 2003. Contains unclear bits that were later cleared up in the FAQ, but a much quicker read than the FAQ.
What we mean by Celtic Reconstructionism : Statement from Imbas
Organisations
Dùn Sgàthan  (New Hampshire)
Gaol Naofa: Gaelic Polytheism Organisation (Florida)
IMBAS  (Seattle, Washington)
New Tara : Diverse Celtic group which includes Reconstructionists (Toronto)
Macalla : Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Celtas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Online portals
CAORANN: Celts Against Oppression, Racism and Neo-Nazism
Pàganachd / Págánacht: Home of the CR FAQ and other CR resources.
 Tres Mundos : Paganismo Reconstrucionista Celta (Portuguese)

Paganism
Hurricane Humberto formed and strengthened faster than any other tropical cyclone on record within 18 hours of landfall; developing on September 12, 2007 in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone quickly strengthened and struck High Island, Texas, with winds of about 90 mph (150 km/h) early on September 13. It steadily weakened after moving ashore, and on September 14 it began dissipating over northwestern Georgia as it interacted with an approaching cold front. Humberto was the eighth named storm and third hurricane of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season, and became the first hurricane to strike the United States since Hurricane Wilma of 2005. Damage was fairly light, estimated at about $50 million.

Related pages
 2007 Atlantic hurricane season

References

Other websites 
 "Victims of Humberto assess damage", Houston Chronicle, September 14, 2007.

2007 Atlantic hurricane season
2007 in Texas
2000s in Louisiana
Hurricanes in Texas
High Island is an unincorporated area in Galveston County, Texas. It is in the extreme eastern part of the county on Bolivar Peninsula, less than one mile from Chambers county and less than two miles from Jefferson county. As of 1990, 500 people resided in High Island.

In 2007, Hurricane Humberto made landfall near High Island.

Other websites 
 
 Houston Audubon - High Island 
 List of over 230 bird species seen at High Island
 

Unincorporated communities in Texas
This article covers the details of the preparations for Hurricane Katrina, a major category 5 hurricane that destroyed parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.

Preparations by location

South Florida
Many people living in the area were caught off guard when Katrina strengthened from a tropical storm to a Category 1 hurricane in one day and struck southern Florida on August 25. National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts had correctly predicted the strengthening, however, and hurricane watches and warnings were properly given out nearly 36 and 24 hours, before hurricane conditions were felt in the area.

Gulf Coast
On August 27, after Katrina crossed southern Florida and strengthened to a Category 3 storm, President George W. Bush declared a state of emergency in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi two days before the hurricane made landfall.
On August 28, the National Weather Service in Slidell, Louisiana, issued a bulletin predicting "devastating" damage rivaling the intensity of Hurricane Camille. Necessary evacuations were issued for large areas of southeast Louisiana as well as coastal Mississippi and Alabama.

On Sunday, August 28, Canadian National Railway (CN) stopped all rail traffic on its lines south of McComb, Mississippi, (lines owned by its subsidiary Illinois Central Railroad that extend into New Orleans), expectating damage from the hurricane. To help continue services after the storm passes, CN also issued an embargo with the Association of American Railroads against all deliveries to points south of Osyka, Mississippi. CSX Transportation also suspended service south of Montgomery, Alabama until further notice.
Amtrak, America's rail passenger carrier, announced that the southbound City of New Orleans passenger trains from Chicago, Illinois, from August 29 through September 3, would stop at Memphis, Tennessee, rather than their usual destination of New Orleans. The trains traveling northbound would also start at Memphis. The southbound Crescent from New York City, for the same period, stopped in Atlanta, Georgia, with the northbound trains starting in Atlanta as well. Amtrak's westbound Sunset Limited started in San Antonio, Texas, rather than its usual starting point of Orlando, Florida. Amtrak announced that no alternate transportation options would be made available into or out of the affected area.

The Waterford nuclear power plant was also shut down on Sunday, August 28, before Katrina's arrival.

New Orleans
By August 26, the possibility of never-before-happened destruction and damage was already being considered. Some computer models were putting the city of New Orleans right in the center of their track probabilities, and the chances of a direct hit were forecast at 17% (with strike probability rising to 29% by August 28). This scenario was considered a potential disaster because 80% of the New Orleans metropolitan area is below sea level along Lake Pontchartrain. Since the storm surge produced by the hurricane's right-front quadrant (containing the strongest winds) was more than 20 ft (6 m) near Biloxi, emergency management officials in New Orleans feared that the storm surge could go over the tops of levees protecting the city, causing major flooding
. This risk of devastation had been known for some time; previous studies by FEMA and the Army Corps of Engineers had warned that a direct hurricane strike on New Orleans could lead to massive flooding, which would lead to thousands of drowning deaths, as well as many more suffering from disease and dehydration, as the flood waters slowly retreated from the city.
However, many parishes were not able to provide sufficient transportation for citizens who did not have private means of evacuation, and many private care-taking facilities who relied on the same bus companies and ambulance services for evacuation were unable to evacuate their charges. Fuel and rental cars were in short supply and many forms of public transportation had been shut down well before the storm arrived. The end result was that hundreds of thousands of residents and tourists were unable to evacuate and remained in the city. Nonetheless, some estimates claimed that 90-92% of the 1.3 million residents of the New Orleans metropolitan region evacuated including 80% of Orleans parish.

Related pages
 Hurricane Katrina

References

Other websites
 Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina
The Waterford Steam Electric Station, Unit 3, also known as Waterford 3, is a nuclear power station located on a 3,000-acre (12-km²) up-river from Hahnville, Louisiana, in St. Charles Parish.

References

Other websites
 U.S. Department of Energy web page for Waterford
 NRC's web page on Waterford

Nuclear power plants
Buildings and structures in Louisiana
A passenger car (North America) is a type of railway rolling stock that is designed to carry passengers. In British English it may be called a coach or carriage.

Rolling stock
McComb is a city in Pike County, Mississippi, about 80 miles south of Jackson, just off of Interstate 55. As of the 2000 census, 13,337 people lived there, about a thousand more than in the 1980 census (12,331). It is the principal city of the McComb, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. McComb was founded in 1872 after Henry Simpson McComb of the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad (which would become the Illinois Central Railroad and now a part of the Canadian National Railway), decided to move the railroad's maintenance shops away from New Orleans, Louisiana, to avoid the New Orleans' saloons.

Singer Britney Spears was born in McComb.

Other websites
 Website about McComb 
 McComb Enterprise Journal Newspaper
 Map of McComb with links to local businesses
 McComb Police Department 
 McComb City Railroad Depot Museum
 Percy Quin State Park , six miles south of McComb

Cities in Mississippi
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Mississippi
Checkpoint Charlie was one of three places where people could travel from the Western occupied sectors of Germany and Berlin to the Soviet occupied sectors.

These places were called checkpoints because they were places where passports and identities were checked.
 Checkpoint Alpha was at Helmstedt in West Germany, in the former British Zone. It was at the western end of the main road (autobahn) to West Berlin.
 Checkpoint Bravo was at Dreilinden at the West Berlin end of that autobahn.
 Checkpoint Charlie was at Friedrichstraße in West Berlin. It was the most famous. It was the only place where foreigners could walk or drive from West Berlin into East Berlin.

As it was the only crossing point there were sometimes queues of people waiting to cross. But military traffic was never stopped, because Berlin was supposed to be under the control of all four wartime allies.
The Checkpoint today 
After the end of the Cold War, and the reunification of Germany the checkpoints were no longer needed. The big concrete buildings of Checkpoint Bravo are now used by the German Customs Service . Checkpoint Charlie was only a wooden hut in the street. It was moved to what is now the Allied Museum at 110 Clayallee, and a small replica put up in Kochstraße. The fake checkpoint is very popular with tourists who have their photographs taken in front of it.

Related pages
Die Frau vom Checkpoint Charlie

Cold War
Buildings and structures in Berlin
Berlin Wall
West Germany
Most countries have a Customs Service. The customs service works mostly at ports, airports and the countries borders to make sure that people do not bring things into the country which are banned, or that the right amount of tax has been paid on goods that can be imported (brought into the country).

Some customs officers work at a post office. They do not meet the public, they examine letters and parcels which have been sent from outside the country, to make sure nothing illegal is being brought into the country.
In the United Kingdom the customs service was called "Customs and Excise". This is because it was once two separate bodies. The Customs service collected tax (called customs duty) on goods being brought into the country, for example brandy from France or tea from India. The Excise service collected tax (called excise duty) on goods made in the country, for example Scotch whisky or Irish whiskey. Today all cars and lorries must pay a tax to be allowed to drive on the road. Although most people call this "road tax" or "car tax", it is officially called "vehicle excise duty".

 
Taxation
Whisky, or whiskey, is an alcoholic drink distilled from grain and aged in wooden .

The name comes from a gaelic word. In Ireland, it is called whiskey, with an added letter 'e'. Whiskey made in the United States often uses the Irish spelling.

There are many kinds of whisky, of which most important are:
Single malt: All of the whisky has been made from single batch of malt in one single distillery. They have been matured in oak barrels, usually 6 to 24 years. Glenfiddich is the world's best-selling single malt whisky. It comes from Speyside in the Scottish Highlands, and accounts for 35% of world sales. The Glenlivet comes second, from the same area. Thus, despite all attempts at competition, this small area near the Spey River still dominates the world market for single malt whisky. Other well-known single malts are Laphroaig, Lagavulin, Bowmore, Ardbeg and Talisker. Most single malts come from Scotland, either Lowlands, Highlands or Scottish Isles. Nikka Yoichi comes from Japan.
Blended whisky or Scotch: A Scotch is a mixture of various single malts. This is the most common type of whisky. Famous blended whiskys are Johnnie Walker, Chivas Regal, Ballantines, J&B, The Famous Grouse and Vat-69. In the United States the word "scotch" refers to the blended whiskys of Scotland. Blenders do not distill whisky, but mix various single malts.
 Irish whiskey: These are blended whiskeys from Ireland. While Scottish whiskys are distilled twice, Irish whiskeys are distilled three times before they are matured. Famous Irish whiskeys are Jameson's and Bushmill's.
 Bourbon whiskey: Bourbon is American whiskey which contains maize. It may all be made from maize (corn whiskey) or it may also contain barley malt. Famous bourbons are Four Roses, Jim Beam and Kentucky Gentleman. The name comes from Bourbon county, Kentucky.
 Rye: As name implies, rye whiskey is made from rye malt. These are especially popular in Canada. Famous Canadian rye whiskeys are Canadian Club and Alberta Premium
Most whiskys contain around 40% alcohol.

Scotch whisky 
Scotch whisky is legally defined by Scotch Whisky Order of 1990 (UK), and the Scotch Whisky Act of 1988,.

These say that Scotch whisky must:
 Must be distilled at a Scottish  from water and malted barley, to which only other whole grains may be added, have been processed at that distillery into a mash, converted to a fermentable substrate only by endogenous enzyme systems, and fermented only by the addition of yeast,
 Must be distilled to an alcoholic strength of less than 94.8% by volume so that it retains the flavour of the raw materials used in its production,
 Must be matured in Scotland in oak casks for no less than three years,
 Must not contain any added substance other than water and caramel colouring, and
 May not be bottled at less than 40% alcohol by volume.
Alcohol is a favorite way to collect tax (called excise duty) in the United Kingdom. When Gordon Brown, a Scot, became Chancellor of the Exchequer, he concentrated on taxing beers and wines, and did not increased the duty on whisky. This, he said, was to help the Scotch whisky industry to recover, increase exports and make more money.

References
Iocaste or , is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2000, and given the designation .

Iocaste orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 20,723,000 km in 609.427 days, at an inclination of 147° to the ecliptic (146° to Jupiter's equator) with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2874.

It was named in October 2002 after Jocasta, the mother/wife of Oedipus in Greek mythology.

Iocaste belongs to the Ananke group, believed to be the remnants of a break-up of a captured asteroid.

The moon is about 5 kilometres in diameter and appears grey, similar to C-type asteroids.

References 

Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES
Mean orbital parameters NASA JPL

Other websites 
David Jewitt pages
Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
Chaldene or , is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2000, and given the designation .

Chaldene is about 3.8 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,713,000 km in 699.327 days, at an inclination of 167° to the ecliptic (169° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2916.

It was named in October 2002 after Chaldene, the mother of Solymos by Zeus in Greek mythology.

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
Amanda Jenssen (born September 12, 1988) was the first runner up at Pop idol Sweden 2007. Her first album was released in 2008 and became a number 1 album on the charts.

Other websites

1988 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Erinome or , is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard et al. in 2000, and given the designation .

Erinome is about 3.2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,986,000 km in 711.965 days, at an inclination of 164° to the ecliptic (162° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2552.

It was named in October, 2002 after the Roman mythological Erinome, a lover of Jupiter.

Erinome belongs to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.

References

Jupiter's moons
Aoede or , is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003. It received the designation .

Aoede is about  in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of  in 714.657 days, at an inclination of 160° to the ecliptic (162° to Jupiter's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.6012.

It was named in March 2005 after Aœde, one of the three original Muses. Aœde was the Muse of song, and was a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) by Mnemosyne.

Aoede belongs to the Pasiphaë group, non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between  and , and with inclinations ranging between 144.5° and 158.3°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
The Italian Wikipedia (In Italian: Wikipedia in Italiano) is the Italian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in January, 2002 and has over  articles. It is currently the 8th largest edition by article count.

2011 mass blanking protest

Volunteers on the Italian Wikipedia decided they did not like a proposed law before the Italian Parliament. The proposal was from October 4 to October 6 2011. During this time, all of the site's articles were hidden. Wikipedia's administrators blocked the website which was being debated at the time in the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian parliament.
This was the first time that a Wikipedia had blanked all its content to protest. The Wikimedia Foundation released a statement on October 4. The Foundation Board officially supported the short closing of Italian Wikipedia. In October 2011, the manifesto, which replaced the Italian Wikipedia, had been viewed approximately 19 million times. On October 6, 2011, the website content was put back. Wikipedia added a banner across the top of each page explaining the reason for the protest.

Italian newspaper Il Tempo journalist Alberto Di Majo described the closure of the Italian-language Wikipedia as an "unexpected merit" of the proposed law. Some people questioned whether a non-profit United States foundation should try to change laws written in Italy.

References

Other websites 

 Italian Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Quraish is also the name of a Sura in the Qur'an.

Quraysh or Quraish was the dominant tribe of Mecca upon the appearance of the religion of Islam. 

It was the tribe to which the Islamic Prophet Muhammad belonged and which led the opposition to his message. Not very much of this tribe followed Islam.

References

Sources 
 Sir William Muir: Life of Mohamet, 1894 
 Thomas Patrick Hughes (ed.): A Dictionary of Islam, 1885 
 Benjamin Walker. Foundations of Islam
 Karen Armstrong: Muhammad
 M. M. Sharif : A History of Muslim Philosophy
 Edward William Lane (ed.): Selections from The Quran, 1890
 Naseem Sadiqui: Muhammad: The Benefactor of Mankind, 1994 
 A. Guillaume: Life of Muhammad (Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat), 2004

Other websites 
 http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/quraysh.htm 

History of Islam
Mecca
Religion in Saudi Arabia
Arche or , is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2002, and got the designation .

Arche is about 3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,717,000 km in 746.185 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (162° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.149.

It was named in 2005 after Arche, whom some Greek writers described as one of the four original Muses, an addition to the earlier three (Aoede, Melete, and Mneme).

Arche belongs to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
Eukelade or , is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003, and got the designation .

Eukelade is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,484,000 km in 735.200 days, at an inclination of 164° to the ecliptic (165° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2829.

It was named in March 2005 after Eukelade, described by some Greek writers as one of the Muses, and thus a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter).

Eukelade belongs to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
Surat Quraysh (Arabic: سورة قريش ) (after the tribe of Quraysh) is the 106th chapter of the Qur'an.  It is a Makkah sura that consists of four ayat.  It urges the Quraysh tribe who dominated Mecca to serve Allah, who had protected them, for the sake of their own future.

Other websites 
 Quraysh at Sacred Texts
 Quraysh at Altafsir.com

Chapters in the Quran
Surah (sometimes spelt sura or surat  (), plural suwar ) is an Arabic term that literally means "something enclosed or surrounded by a fence or wall." 

A surah is a "chapter" of the Qur'an. They are traditionally ordered in order of length and begin with the shortest. Each surah is named for a word or name mentioned in an ayah (section), of that 'surah'.

List of suras
The 114 surahs are:
Al-Fatiha  (The Opening), 7 ayats, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Baqara (The Heifer), 286 ayat, 40 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Imran (The Family of Imran), 200 ayat, 20 rukus, Madinan sura
 An-Nisa (The Women), 176 ayat, 24 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Ma'ida (The Table), 120 ayat, 16 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-An'am (The Cattle), 165 ayat, 20 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-A'raf (The Heights), 206 ayat, 24 rukus Makkan sura
 Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War), 75 ayat, 10 rukus, Madinan sura
 At-Tawba (The Repentance), 129 ayat, 16 rukus, Madinan sura
 Yunus (Jonah), 109 ayat, 11 rukus, Makkan sura
 Hud (Hud), 123 ayat, 10 rukus, Makkan sura
 Yusuf (Joseph), 111 ayat, 12 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ar-Ra'd (The Thunder), 43 ayat, 6 rukus, Madinan sura
 Ibrahim (Abraham), 52 ayat, 7 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Hijr (Al-Hijr, The Stoneland, The Rock City), 99 ayat, 6 rukus, Makkan sura
 An-Nahl (The Bee), 128 ayat, 16 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Isra (Isra, The Night Journey, The Children of Israel), 111 ayat, 12 rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Kahf (The Cave), 110 ayat, 12 rukus Makkan sura
 Maryam (Mary), 98 ayat,6 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ta-Ha (Ta-Ha), 135 ayat, 8 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Anbiya (The Prophets), 112 ayat, 7 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage, The Hajj), 78 ayat, 10 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Muminun (The Believers), 118 ayat, 6 rukus, Makkan sura
 An-Noor (The Light), 64 ayat, 9 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Furqan (The Criterion, The Standard), 77 ayat, 6 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ash-Shu'ara (The Poets), 227 ayat, 11 rukus, Makkan sura
 An-Naml (The Ant, The Ants), 93 ayat, 7 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Qisas (The Stories), 88 ayat, 9 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Ankabut (The Spider), 69 ayat, 7 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ar-Rum (The Romans, The Byzantines), 60 ayat, 6 rukus, Makkan sura
 Luqman (Luqman), 34 ayat, 4 rukus, Makkan sura
 As-Sajda (The Prostration, Worship, Adoration), 30 ayat, 3 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Ahzab (The Clans, The Coalition, The Combined Forces), 73 ayat, 9 rukus, Madinan sura
 Saba (Saba, Sheba), 54 ayat, 6 rukus, Makkan sura
Fatir (The Angels, Originator), 45 ayat, 5 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ya-Seen (Ya-seen), 83 ayat, 5 rukus, Makkan sura
 As-Saaffat (Those Who Set The Ranks, drawn Up In Ranks), 182 ayat, 5 rukus, Makkan sura
 Sad (The Letter Sad), 88 ayat, 5 rukus, Makkan sura
 Az-Zumar (The Troops, Throngs), 75 ayat, 8 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ghafir (The Forgiver), 85 ayat, 9 rukus, Makkan sura
 Fussilat (Explained In Detail), 54 ayat, 6 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ash-Shura (Council, Consultation), 53 ayat, 5 rukus, Makkan sura
 Az-Zukhruf (Ornaments Of Gold, Luxury), 89 ayat, 7 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ad-Dukhan (Smoke), 59 ayat, 3 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Jathiya (Crouching), 37 ayat, 4 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Ahqaf (The Wind-curved Sandhills, The Dunes), 35 ayat, 4 rukus, Makkan sura
 Muhammad (Muhammad), 38 ayat, 4 rukus, Madinan sura 
 Al-Fath (Victory, Conquest), 29 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Hujraat (The Private Apartments, The Inner Apartments), 18 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
 Qaf (The Letter Qaf), 45 ayat, 3 rukus, Makkan sura
Adh-Dhariyat (The Winnowing Winds), 60 ayat, 3 rukus, Makkan sura
 At-Tur (The Mount), 49 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 An-Najm (The Star), 62 ayat, 3 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Qamar (The Moon), 55 ayat, 3 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ar-Rahman (The Beneficent, The Mercy Giving), 78 ayat, 3 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Waqia (The Event, The Inevitable), 96 ayat, 3 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Hadid (The Iron), 29 ayat, 4 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Mujadila (She That Disputeth, The Pleading Woman), 22 ayat, 3 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Hashr (Exile, Banishment), 24 ayat, 3 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Mumtahina (She That Is To Be Examined, Examining Her), 13 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 As-Saff (The Ranks, Battle Array), 14 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Jumua (The Congregation, Friday), 11 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Munafiqoon (The Hypocrites), 11 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
 At-Taghabun (Mutual Disillusion, Haggling), 18 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
 At-Talaq (Divorce), 12 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
At-Tahrim (Banning, Prohibition), 12 ayat, 2 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Mulk (The Sovereignty, Control), 30 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Qalam (The Pen), 52 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Haaqqa (The Reality), 52 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Maarij (The Ascending Stairways), 44 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Nooh (Nooh), 28 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Jinn (The Jinn), 28 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Muzzammil (The Enshrouded One, Bundled Up), 20 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Muddaththir (The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing A Cloak), 56 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Qiyama (The Rising Of The Dead, Resurrection), 40 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Insan (Human), 31 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Mursalat (The Emissaries, Winds Sent Forth), 50 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 An-Naba (The Tidings, The Announcement), 40 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 An-Naziat (Those Who Drag Forth, Soul-snatchers), 46 ayat, 2 rukus, Makkan sura
 Abasa (He Frowned), 42 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
At-Takwir (The Overthrowing), 29 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Infitar (The Cleaving, Bursting Apart), 19 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Mutaffifin (Defrauding, The Cheats, Cheating), 36 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Inshiqaq (The Sundering, Splitting Open), 25 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Burooj (The Mansions Of The Stars, Constellations), 22 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 At-Tariq (The Morning Star, The Nightcomer), 17 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Ala (The Most High, Glory To Your Lord In The Highest), 19 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Ghashiya (The Overwhelming, The Pall), 26 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Fajr (The Dawn, Daybreak), 30 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Balad (The City, This Countryside), 20 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ash-Shams (The Sun), 15 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Lail (The Night), 21 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Ad-Dhuha (The Morning Hours, Morning Bright), 11 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Inshirah (Solace, Consolation, Relief), 8 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
At-Tin (The Fig, The Figtree), 8 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Alaq (The Clot, Recite), 19 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Qadr (Power, Fate), 5 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Bayyina (The Clear Proof, Evidence), 8 ayat, 1 rukus, Madinan sura
 Az-Zalzala (The Earthquake), 8 ayat,  1 rukus, Madinan sura
 Al-Adiyat (The Courser, The Chargers), 11 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Qaria (The Calamity, The Stunning Blow, The Disaster), 11 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 At-Takathur (Rivalry In World Increase, Competition), 8 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Asr (The Declining Day, Eventide, The Epoch), 3 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Humaza (The Traducer, The Gossipmonger), 9 ayat, 1 rukus, Makkan sura
 Al-Fil (The Elephant), 5 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Quraysh (Quraysh), 4 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Ma'un (Small Kindnesses, Almsgiving, Have You Seen), 7 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Kawthar (Abundance, Plenty), 3 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Kafirun (The Disbelievers, The Kafirs), 6 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
An-Nasr (Succour, Divine Support, Victory), 3 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Masadd (The Palm Fibre), 5 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Ikhlas (Sincerity), 4 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Falaq (The Daybreak, Dawn), 5 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
 Al-Nas (Mankind), 6 ayat, 1 ruku, Makkan sura
Related pages 
Qur'an

Other websites 
List of all Surahs of the Qur'an
Qur'ān Verses in Chronological Order

Components of the Quran
Kore or  is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003 and given the designation .

Kore is about 2 kilometers in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,239,000 km in 723.720 days, at an inclination of 141° to the ecliptic (139° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2462.

It belongs, which is made up of non-spherical retrograde moon
It was named after Kore, another name for the Greek goddess Persephone (from the Greek κόρη, "daughter [of Demeter]").

References 

Jupiter's moons