Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Anglo-Dutch Wars ( or ) were a series of wars fought between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of England and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries. They fought for control over trade routes on the seas. All of the wars were mostly fought by naval warfare.

The First War (1652–1654) took place during the Interregnum in England, the period after the English Civil War when England did not have a king or a queen. The war was fought between the navies of England and the Dutch Republic (also known as the United Provinces). It mainly took place in the English Channel and the North Sea. It ended with the Royal Navy of England gaining control of those seas and a monopoly over trade with the English colonies.
The Second (1665–1667) and the Third (1672–1674) Wars happened after the English Restoration of the monarchy. England tried to end the Dutch monopoly over world trade. Most of the fighting in both wars was done in the North Sea. In the Third War, England fought alongside France. Both wars ended in strong victories for the Dutch and confirmed their position as the leading maritime power of the 17th century. The English took New Netherland, and the Dutch let them keep it in return for Suriname.

The Fourth War (1780–1784) took place after the Acts of Union 1707 in Great Britain and involved the Dutch Republic and Great Britain. The main cause was that Britain disagreed with the Dutch trading with the United States during the American Revolutionary War. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris (1784) and ended with a very big defeat for the Dutch, who lost parts of the Dutch Empire.
Related pages
 Glorious Revolution
 History of England
History of the United Kingdom
 British East India Company
 Dutch East India Company
 Anglo-Manipur War

References

More reading
 D. R. Hainsworth, et al. (1998) The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars 1652-1674
 James Rees Jones (1996) The Anglo-Dutch wars of the seventeenth century
 Angus Konstam and Tony Bryan (2011) Warships of the Anglo-Dutch Wars 1652-74

Other websites
 .
National Maritime Museum , London.
Dutch Admiral Michiel de Ruyters' flagship 'The Seven Provinces'  is being rebuilt in the Dutch town of Lelystad.
 .

17th century in Europe
18th century in Europe
History of the Netherlands
Wars involving the United Kingdom
18th-century conflicts
Abigail is a feminine given name. The name is from the Hebrew name Avigail, which indicates "father rejoice". This a popular name, especially in 2005.The pronunciation of this name is [ ab-i-geyl ].The name can be shortened to Abbie or Abby.

The shorthand Abby was used for several Atlantic hurricanes in the 1960s.

This name was ranked #17 on the US Popular Names in 2021. 

People with the name include Abigail Breslin, Abigail Adams and Abbie Cornish.
People named Abigail
 Abigail Adams (1744–1818), wife of U.S. President John Adams
 Abigail Breslin (born 1996), American actress
 Abbie Cornish (born 1982), Australian actress
 Abigail Fillmore (1798–1853), wife of U.S. President Millard Fillmore
 Abigail and Brittany Hensel, (born 1990), American conjoined twins
 Abigail (born as Abigail Rogan) (born 1946), Australian actress
 Abigail Kubeka (born 1945), South African jazz musician and actress
 Abigail Spears (born 1981), American tennis player
 Abigail Goldman, American journalist
 Abigail Spencer, American actress

References

Given names
Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten (English: Good Times, Bad Times) was a German soap opera. the first episode was made on May 11, 1992.

Broadcasting schedules 
Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten started on the 11th of May, 1992. It was broadcasted from Monday to Friday on the German TV channel RTL. The episodes were repeated the next day at 8:30 a.m.

The first episode was broadcasted on VOX on October 1995. After the 2500th episode in February 2005, it was removed from VOX.
Many main roles of the series went to several cafés and restaurants at the beginning of the series, those are the pubs like Allistairs, Siggis Bar, Daniels Bar, the bar Bluebird, the restaurant Fasan, and the café Mocca for example. There was a lot of business going on in the media industry, for example, the advertising agency Löpelmann, Sisters, and the newspaper editorial offices of the local newspaper City-Lights and Morgenecho. In the Viktoria-Luise-Gymnasium Elisabeth Meinhart and Clemens Richter are teaching the students. They played many young main roles. Furthermore, there were many shops: Holms Tante, Emma Laden, Charlies Laden, Kais Corner, and several boutiques. Other important localities were a motorcycle workshop, which was led by Peter Becker and Heiko Richter. The GP surgeries were from Dr. Ulrich and then Dr. Gundlach. Now, Jo Gerner leads a law firm. The hostel Traumfabrik was destroyed in 2010
. Afterward, you can see the lifestyle magazine Metropolitan Trends of Katrin Flemming, the club Mauerwerk, the café Vereinsheim, Tayfuns food shops Spätkauf and Badak Bio, the cosmetics business of EmilyMany main roles of the series went to several cafés and restaurants at the beginning of the series, those are the pubs like Allistairs, Siggis Bar, DanielsBar, the bar Bluebird, the restaurant Fasan and the café Mocca for example. There was a lot of business going on in the area of the media industry, for example, the advertising agency Löpelmann, Sisters, and the newspaper editorial offices of the local newspaper City-Lights and Morgenecho. In the Viktoria-Luise-Gymnasium, Elisabeth Meinhart and Clemens Richter taught the students. They played many young main roles. Furthermore, there were many shops: Holms Tante, Emma Laden, Charlies Laden, Kais Corner, and several boutiques. Another important locality was a motorcycle workshop, which was led by Peter Becker and Heiko Richter. The GP surgeries were from Dr
. Ulrich and then Dr. Gundlach. Now, Jo Gerner leads a law firm. The hostel Traumfabrik was destroyed in 2010. Afterward, you could see the lifestyle magazine Metropolitan Trends of Katrin Flemming, the club Mauerwerk, the café Vereinsheim, Tayfuns food shops Spätkauf and Badak Bio, the cosmetics business of Emily Höfer, the Jeremiah hospital. Höfer, the Jeremiah hospital.
The North American country of Canada played a major role in GZSZ because many characters traveled to that country. Paula Rapf went to Canada and started working at a farm. Afterward, her best friend Tim Böcking and his son Felix came to this country. Afterward, Tim's girlfriend Caroline Neustädter, and her son Benjamin joined. In 2010, Tim's father Clemens Richter, and his wife Elisabeth Meinhart moved to Canada. John Bachmann visited the country regularly.

Locations
Alexander's loft

In 2010, Alexander Cöster moved to a loft in the newly constructed Kiez. A friend of Alexander gave him the apartment. The loft was seen in 2011 when the exchange student Zac Klingenthal moved into his loft. Alexander lived in Maren's apartment. At that time, the loft didn't show, because Vince, Zac, and Bommel got to change the apartment.

Law firm
Law firm

The law firm has been led by Jo Gerner since 1993. It was shown at different locations. Over time, Gerner moved his law firm into his apartment Gerners Villa and now Townhouse. His secretary was Heike Rieckmann, who was seen until 2008. Her successor was Iris Cöster. Patrick Gerner also worked at the law firm, as well as Patrick's father. The temporary staff was: Emily Höfer, Zac Klingenthal, and Tim Böcking.

Atelier

There was an atelier since the summer of 1999, but it always changed. The first resident was Peter Becker. Gradually, more people lived there. The list of them includes: Barbara Graf, Christopher Bohlstädt, Xenia die Montalban, Senta Lemke, Hannes Bachmann, Ben Bachmann, John Bachmann, Fabian Moreno, Vincent Buhr, Henrik Beck, Leon Moreno, Pia Koch, Till Kuhn, and Patrick Gerner. It wasn't seen for five months, because of water damage. After the separation of Jo Gerner, Katrin lived in the atelier with her daughter Johanna Flemming until Johanna went to a boarding school.

Badak Bio
Badak Bio

On June 2011 bought Tayfun Badak a biostore. His wife Dascha Badak worked there, but she moved to Berlin.

Jeremiah hospital

There is a hospital since 1993. Before that, it was known as the Marien Hospital. It was a crux of the matter when Sonja Wiebe and Andy Lehmann had an accident. Since 2009, there are several scenes in the Jeremiah hospital, because Ayla Özgül is a physiotherapist and Philip Höfer is a doctor there.

Kollestyle

Kollestyle is a beautysalon. Since 2013 it leads Emily Höfer. The salon is next to the Mauerwerk. Before that, it was a Boutique called Prinzesskleid (former: GretaMarlene) of Jasmin Flemming and before that, it was a hat shop.

Mauerwerk
Mauerwerk

The Mauerwerk opened in 2008. The owner was Leon Moreno and Henrik Beck. Soon afterward, Henrik left the town and John Bachmann was the partner. After discrepancies, Leon left the Mauerwerk. His successor was Tayfun Badak. Now, Leon works as a cook again. Because of a fire at the Fasan, the crew was used at the Mauerwerk. These are Armin, Stefan, Daniela, and Kathleen. Furthermore, Vince Köpke does training as a cook and Jasmin works as a condition. David Brenner was the boss of the Mauerwerk for a short time because of the Mafia. But he gave it back when he went in the witness protection. Leon tried to get the crew again. Everyone except for Daniela, because she found another job.

The Mauerwerk is one of the best-known clubs in Berlin. Many interpreters are to sing at the Mauerwerk. Nena, Mando Diao, 2raumwohnung and Jennifer Rostock for example. Once a week Pia Koch is to be seen as a DJane. All of the guest stars, who perform at the Mauerwerk, belong to the prominent guest appearances.
Mauerwerk-Loft

Tayfun Badak bought the Mauerwerk and made it from the upper floor of the Mauerwerk an apartment. He moved with Max Tuner Krüger and Dominik Gundlach in this apartment. Tayfuns girlfriend Emily Höfer also lived there.

Metropolitan Trends

The Metropolitan Trends is a lifestyle magazine of Katrin Flemming.

In 2008, Gerner bought the local newspaper Morgenecho. The old editorial office from the courtyard was to be laid in Gerners Townhouse, because of water damage. Beginning of 2010, the Morgenecho was sold, because Katrin wanted to start a lifestyle magazine. The editorial team is threatened with cancellation, so they move to Metropolitan Trends.

In May 2010, the magazine was presented to the public.

The owner is Jo Gerner, publishers are Katrin Flemming and Sophie Lindt.  

Currently, it works with Maren Seefeld as editor-in-chef, 'Tamara Wegener, and Natalie. Alexander Cöster was the photographer and editor-in-chief for a long time.

Spätkauf
Spätkauf

From 2006 to 2008 was the owner of the Spätkauf, Danny. In 2008, Tayfun Badak bought the shop, because Danny was stressed and now, he works as a staff. The temporary staff was Tim Böcking, Lenny Cöster, Emily Höfer, and Tayfun's wife Dascha Badak. Mesut works there.

Townhouse

There was a townhouse since 2008. Jo Gerner lives there. Until the separation, Katrin Flemming lived there and so did Johanna. Dominik Gundlack, Max Krüger, Jasmin Flemming, Patrick Gerner, and Anna also live in the townhouse.

In the lower rooms, arethe magazine Metropolitan Trends and the office rooms of Katrin and Jo. On the first floor is the living area of the family Gerner. On the second floor are the sleeping chambers and in the attic is the granny flat Dominik. Patrick had to live in the cellar for a short time.

Vereinsheim
Vereinsheim

The Vereinsheim has been there since 2010. At that time it was a hotel. Pia Koch had rented the lobby and created it to be his own café. It was founded as Vereinsheim because Pia didn't have the money for the concessions. Pia Koch, Emily Höfer, 'Dominik Gundlach,' and Max Krüger were the partners. Anni also works there. Eventually, Pia and Emily sold their shares to Max Krüger. Now, Max and Dominik are the owners of the café. Over the Vereinsheim, Dominik and Tuner lived together.

Victoria-Luise-Gymnasium

The Victoria-Luise-Gymnasium is the school at GZSZ and is on the Kiez. The teachers Clemens Richter and Elisabeth Meinhart have taught at the school until 2010. 34 main roles were pupils at the school. Lenny Cöster also worked as a caretaker.

Until the summer of 2013, Zac Klingenthal and Lilly Seefeld continually visited the school and finished with their Abitur. At the time, Mieze was a pupil at this school.

The shared apartment
From 1995 to 2002, there was a shared apartment, but it was redeveloped, because of water damage. The inhabitants of that time had to move out. They are: Sandra Lemke, Marie Balzer, Julia Blum and Verena Koch. They moved into another apartment in the same building. This exists since 2002. Lena and John Bachmann, Caroline Neustädter, Henrik Beck, Franziska Reuter, Paula Rapf, Leon Moreno, Verena Koch, Emily Höfer, Tayfun Badak, and Ayla Özgül lived there.

Now, the people that lived there decreased to Jasmin Flemming, Nele, Anni, Ayla and Mesut.

Bachmann/Höfer apartment
The apartment of Bachmann existed since 2001 and is on the Kiez. The address is the Reichenburger Staße 16. In the beginning, Xenia di Montalban rented the apartment, because she wanted to make the Christopher-Bohlstädt-foundation. This foundation was for illiterates. It was too small so she left and took her foundation with her. Just a short time after that, Patrizia Bachmann moved in with her sons John and Ben in this apartment. Afterward, Hannes Bachmann, John ,and Ben's father came to live there too. Then, Ben and Patrizia went to Africa, and Senta Lemke, Patrizia's sister, moved into the apartment. Senta and Hannes were a pair. Afterward, Emily and Philip Höfer, the half-siblings of John and the illegitimate children of Hannes came to live there too. Paula Rapf, the wife of John also lived in this apartment. They lived for a long time in this constellation, until Hannes and Senta died in an air crash. The relationship between John and Paula didn't work out
. She moved out and after disputes, Emily also left this apartment. Leon Moreno, Vince Köpke, Tayfun Badak, Zac Klingenthal, Lilly Cöster, Dascha Badak, and David Brenner also left the apartment.
Philip Höfer was the only one left in this apartment.

Seefeld/Cöster apartment

At the end of 2008, the Cöster family moved into the apartment. Lenny Cöster and his friend Carsten Reimann lived there for a long time. After the separation of Alexander and Iris Cöster, Lenny, Carsten, and Lucy Cöster left Berlin. Alexander lived alone for a long time. He moved out and moved into a loft instead.

Since December 2010, Maren, Lilly, and Tanja Seefeld lived there. Alexander moved into this apartment again, because he and Maren were a pair. In the summer of 2013, Tanja moved out of the apartment. Now, the son of Maren Jonas lives in the apartment.

Moreno/Koch apartment (former of Richter)
Clemens Richter and his wife Vera Richter moved into this apartment in 1996. The address is the Reichenburger Straße 1. After the separation of Clemens and Vera, Elisabeth Meinhart-Richter, a good friend of Clemens moved into this apartment in 2002 and since 2009 they are married. In 2010 they left Berlin and went to Canada. They gave the apartment to her old acquaintance Leon Moreno. Now, he is living with his son Oskar Moreno in this apartment. His other son Vince Köpke is living with his friend Zac Klingenthal in a shared apartment.

It lives also Anna Meisner, Nico Weimershaus, Frank Richter, Cora Hinze, Alexander Hinze, A. R. Daniel, Rosalinde Blümel, Tim und Felix Böcking, Dascha Höfer, Iris Cöster, and Verena Koch in this apartment.

Main characters
Main characters

Crossover 
 The performers of Hinter Gittern - Der Frauenknast Melanie Schmidt and Horst Dahnke played by Sigrid M. Schnückel and Thomas Engel had a guest appearance in 2000.
 On 7 May 2010, Jo Gerner was a guest appearance at Alles was zählt in episode 924.
 The performer of Alles was zählt Richard Steinkamp (Silvan-Pierre Leirich) and Simone Steinkamp (Tatja Clasing) had a guest appearance on May 2010.
 On 14 May 2010, the role of Katrin Flemming-Gerner was a guest appearance at Alles was zählt in episode 928.
 On June 2010 reported the magazine Metropolitan Trends about Isabelle Reichenbach, an ice-skater at Alles was zählt.
 The main roles of Eine wie keine Manuela and Marc married at the original Kiez of GZSZ. Arne Stephan, the performer of Marc played from 2006 to 2008 at GZSZ.
 The fake GUFA-Bank from Alles was shown at GZSZ at the end of 2010.

1992 establishments in Germany
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
German television series
Soap operas
The Tosa Inu () also called the Japanese Mastiff is a breed of dog of Japan.  It was originally bred in Tosa (present day Kōchi) as a fighting dog and still today is a known fighting dog.

Appearance 
The Japanese breed generally weighs between 40 and 60 kg, while the non-Japanese breeders have focused on dogs that weigh from 55 to 95 kg and stand 24.5 to 31 inches (62 to 80 cm) at the withers.
The coat is characterized by its short and smooth appearance and is often red, brindle, or fawn. Occasionally it can be a dull black, but this is somewhat rare. Maintenance of the coat is usually minimal. Dogs should be very muscular and athletic. Tosa is a very resistant to pain and physical exhaustion.
History
This breed originated in the second half of the nineteenth century in Japan. The breed started from the native Shikoku-Inu, an indigenous dog weighing about 25 kilograms (45 pounds) and standing about 55 centimetres high, which closely resembles the European Spitz.  These dogs were crossed with European dog breeds, such as the Old English Bulldog in 1872, Mastiff in 1874, St. Bernard, German Pointer in 1876,  Great Dane in 1924, and the Bull Terrier.  The aim was to breed a larger, more powerful and very fast agile fighting dog. Today it is still used in some countries as a fighting dog, but usually it is kept as a pet where it is ideal companion. In family environment Tosa is patient and very friendly in attitude.

References

Other websites
 Shakuhachi Imperial Tosa-inu 
 Tosa Inu Information Pages
 Wielie Walie Tosa Inu 
 Molosserworld's Tosa Inu Page 
 More Japanese dog breeds 
 Greatbreed.com 
 Ostuni, Steve (2003) Japanese Tosa.  Allenhurst: Kennel Club Books. .
 Tosa Inu Information Pages
Dog breeds originating in Japan
Rare dog breeds
FCI breeds
Computer data storage is the name for a number of components of a computer. The main purpose of these components is to store data. The central processing unit is then able to fetch and change the data. In most computers, there is a computer memory hierarchy: Memory that is "closer" to the CPU is usually faster to access, but it is also smaller; data that is stored in this kind of memory usually needs electrical power to keep the data.

Memory that is farther away is usually slower to access, but also bigger.  Classical storage media of this kind of data include hard drives and USB flash drives.  Some media offer even more capacity, but accessing them is very slow. Examples for such media are tape drives. Modern CPUs have registers that can store data, they also often have several levels of cache.

Finally, there is the main memory the CPU can access. These three are usually referred to as Primary data storage. Some computers also have a cache memory.
Secondary storage is usually not directly accessible by the CPU, and data needs to be transferred to primary storage to be available. Secondary storage includes hard drives and non-volatile random-access memory. Tertiary storage is used for archival and backup; very often it is copied to secondary storage before use. Software is sometimes distributed by tertiary media such as magnetic tape and CD-ROM.

Computing
Eugene Onegin (, Yevgeniy Onegin) is a novel in verse by Alexander Pushkin.

It is a classic of Russian literature. It was published in parts between 1825 and 1832. The first complete edition was published in 1833, and the currently accepted version is based on the 1837 publication.

Almost the entire work is made up of 389 stanzas of iambic tetrameter with the unusual rhyme scheme "AbAbCCddEffEgg". This form has come to be known as the "Onegin stanza" or the "Pushkin sonnet."

The story is told by a narrator (a lightly fictionalized version of Pushkin), whose tone is educated, worldly, and intimate. The narrator digresses at times, commenting on aspects of the social and intellectual world. This helps develop the characters and the drama of the plot.

An opera Eugene Onegin by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky has been composed based upon the book.
The storyline 
Onegin, a nobleman who has just taken over his uncle's estate, is a fine young dandy, but bored and cynical. He does not value shy, bookish Tatyana Larina. Soon after their meeting she bares her soul to Onegin in a letter. She expresses her love for him.

Onegin does not write back. When they meet in person, he rejects her advances. This famous speech is often referred to as 'Onegin's Sermon' He admits that the letter was touching, but says that he would quickly grow bored with marriage and can only offer Tatyana friendship. He advises her to keep more emotional control in the future, lest another man take advantage of her innocence.

As their lives develop. His life falls apart after he kills his best friend in a duel. On the other hand, her life blossoms.
Years pass, and he attends a society ball in St. Petersburg. He sees a beautiful woman who captures the attention of everyone. He realizes her as Tatyana. Now she is married to an aged prince. He becomes obsessed with winning her affection, despite the fact that she is married. However, his attempts are rebuffed. He writes her several letters, but receives no reply.

Eventually Onegin manages to see Tatyana, and offers her the opportunity to renew their past love. She recalls the days when they might have been happy, but that time has passed. Onegin repeats his love for her. Faltering for a moment, she admits that she still loves him, but she will not allow him to ruin her. She declares her determination to remain faithful to her husband. She leaves him to his bitter regrets.

Notes 

Russian novels
1820s books
The name Flora [ flawr-uh, flohr-uh ] is a female given name. The name originally referred to a plant. Flora is a gorgeous and ageless moniker that has been utilized for centuries. With Latin roots, the name Flora signifies "flower." It is closely linked with nature, loveliness, and femininity. Flora is a name that has been employed in a variety of cultures and boasts a wealth of history. This name was ranked #647 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

Hurricane Flora in 1963 struck many Caribbean Islands. The storm killed more than 7,000 people.

People 

 Flora Jane Thompson, an English novelist and poet

References

Given names
Gertrude [ gur-trood ] is a female given name. It comes from Germanic words that mean "spear" and "strength". The short forms of Gertrude are Gertie or Gert. The name Gertrude was used for an Atlantic storm in 1974. Gert has been used for Atlantic tropical storms every six years since 1981. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

People 

 Gertrude Belle Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist
 Gertrude Stein, American author
 Gertrude Weaver, American supercentenarian
 Gertrude Caroline Ederle, American swimmer (1906–2003)

References

Given names
T11 is a classification used in paralympics. It is used for  blind athletes.

Paralympic Games
Monica [ mon-i-kuh ] is a female given name. The name Monica has a long and significant history. It has been in use for centuries and carries a deep meaning. The name Monica originates from the Latin term "monere," which translates to "to advise" or "to warn." Saint Monica, the mother of Saint Augustine, was a devout Christian and renowned for her wisdom and piety. She popularized the name Monica, making it a well-known and respected name. In the United States, the name was very popular in the late 1970s, when it peaked near #39. The popularity has been declining since then. In 2010 the name ranked #363. This name was ranked #693 on the US Popular Names in 2021. The 1858 novel Doctor Thorne had a character was named Monica Thorne. People with the name include Monica Lewinsky, Monica Seles and Monica Potter. Fictional people by the name include Monica Geller from the television sitcom Friends.

Forms of the name include the French name Monique.

People
People 

 Monica Bellucci, Italian actress and model
 Monica Lewinsky, American former White House intern
 Monica Evans, British actress

References

Given names
Agatha is a female given name.The pronunciation of the name is[ag-uh-thuh]. It comes from the Ancient Greek word agathos, meaning "good". The name last ranked in the Top 1000 girls names in the United States in the 1930s.But in the last few years it has fallen out of fashion.

Saint Agatha of Sicily was a 3rd-century saint. There was a famous crime writer named Agatha Christie. 

There have been several tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Region named Agatha. Tropical Storm Agatha in 2010 caused over $1 billion in damage and over three hundred deaths across Central America.

There are different versions of the name, for example Agata.

People named Agatha
 Saint Agatha of Sicily (died 251), Christian saint
 Agatha Barbara (1923–2002), only female President of Malta
 Agatha Christie, British novelist
 Agatha Sangma (born 1980), member of the Parliament of India
Agatha Harkness, a fictional character and anti-heroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics

References

Given names
The name Lisa [ lee-suh, -zuh ] is a female given name. It is a form of the name Elizabeth. Lisa is a popular name for girls that has been in use for centuries. It is a short and sweet name that is simple to pronounce and spell. The meaning of the name Lisa can vary depending on its origin. One of the most common meanings of the name Lisa is "God is my oath." This meaning comes from the Hebrew name Elisheba, which was the name of Aaron's wife in the Old Testament. Elisheba was later abbreviated to Elizabeth, and Lisa is a diminutive form of Elizabeth. Another meaning of the name Lisa is "consecrated to God." This meaning comes from the Latin name Lysa, which was a shortened version of Elizabeth. In ancient Rome, the name Lysa was given to girls who were devoted to the goddess Juno. In German, the name Lisa means "God's promise." This meaning comes from the German name Liese, which is a diminutive form of Elizabeth
. In German culture, the name Liese was often bestowed upon girls who were born after a long period of waiting or difficulty. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
Across the United Kingdom, Lisa was the fifth most popular female name. Around 1996, the name fell out of Top 100. In the United States, during the 1960s and 1970s, Lisa was among the most popular feminine names. However, by around the late 1970s, the name began to decline.

People 

 Lisa Loeb, American musician
 Lisa Kudrow, American actress
 Lisa Marie Presley, American singer (1968–2023)
 Lisa Sparxxx, American pornographic film actress and director

References

Given names
Lake Malawi (or Lake Nyasa, Lake Niassa) is a lake in Africa. It is the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system. It is shared between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. Before Malawi became independent in 1964, the territory was called Nyasaland. For this reason, Mozambique and Tanzania call the lake Lake Nyasa.

Lake Malawi is the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. It is the ninth largest lake in the world. 

Malawi
Geography of Malawi
Geography of Mozambique
Lakes of Tanzania
Krav Maga  (, lit. "contact combat") is an Jewish–Israeli martial art. It was developed by Hungarian-Israeli martial artist Imi Lichtenfeld in Slovakia. Today it is used by the Israeli Defense Forces.

Other websites 

 
 International Krav Maga Federation

Martial arts
Safed (, Tzfat; , Ṣafad) is a major city in northern Israel. It is in the Safed region of the Upper Galilee Mountains. Safed is an international center for Kabbalah study. It is one of Judaism's four holiest cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Tiberias. 

Located at an elevation of 900 meters (2,953 feet), Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and in Israel. Due to its high elevation, Safed has warm summers and cold, often snowy, winters.

Due to its pleasant climate and scenic views surrounded by pine forests, Safed has become a popular holiday resort visited by Israeli and foreign tourists.

Related pages 
 Safed Old Jewish Cemetery

Other websites 

Zefat.net
Safed's Old City

Cities in Israel
Northern District (Israel)
A writ of  (; Latin: "may you have the body") protects people from being kept in jail or prison without a legal reason and without any end date. It is a writ (legal action) that says that if someone who was arrested or imprisoned wants to go to court to argue that they are being held illegally, the prison official must bring the individual to the court. Once the person is brought before the court, the judge will decide if the person is being held lawfully, or has the right to be released.

References

Other websites
 ACLU: Background on Habeas Corpus
 Library of Congress: Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor
 This American Life: 331: Habeas Schmabeas 2007
 Habeas Corpus Resource Center

Human rights
Latin phrases
Law enforcement
Tiberias (; , Tverya, Tiveria ; , ) is a city in northern Israel. It is located along the Sea of Galilee, in the Lower Galilee at the Jordan Valley. Tiberias has been considered one of Judaism's four holiest cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Safed.

Other websites 

 City council website   Municipality Site in Hebrew 
 Place To Visit in Tiberias  (English)
 Tiberias - City of Treasures: The official website of the Tiberias Excavation Project 
 Hamat Tiberias National Park : description, photo gallery
 Nefesh B'Nefesh Community Guide for Tiveria-Tiberias, Israel
A bustan (, ) is an agricultural garden, especially one next to a house.

Gardens
Pistacia lentiscus (also Mastic;  ) is a shrub or small tree of the Pistacio genus. They grow in the Mediterranean Sea region, mainly on the Greek island of Chios in the Aegean Sea. The resin of the tree is called: "mastic". It was famous in the southern region of the island of Chios, called Mastichochoria. The tree is used for food, medicine and industrial purposes.

Gallery

Other websites 
Chios mastic Growers Association (in Greek)

Trees
Anacardiaceae
Jean-Luc Godard (3 December 1930 – 13 September 2022) was a French-Swiss movie director, producer, editor, cinematographer, writer and actor. He was born in Paris to a French mother and Swiss father. The English film magazine Sight and Sound called him one of the top three film directors of all time. Breathless, based on a story by Francois Truffaut, is one of his most famous movies.  

He was married to Anna Karina from 1961 until they divorced in 1965.

Godard died by assisted suicide on 13 September 2022 in Rolle, Switzerland at the age of 91.

Jean-Luc Godard revolutionized cinema with jump cuts, intertextuality, political commentary, breaking the fourth wall, nonlinear narratives, and innovative aesthetics.

References

Other websites
Godard entry at the Criterion collection
Actors from Paris
Cinematographers
French screenwriters
Movie directors from Paris
French movie editors
Movie producers from Paris
Swiss movie actors
Swiss movie directors
Swiss screenwriters
Swiss movie producers
Writers from Paris
1930 births
2022 deaths
Deaths by euthanasia
Branislav Ivanović (; born 22 February 1984) is a Serbian footballer. He is the captain of the Serbia national football team. He plays for Chelsea in the Premier League. He plays as a defender.

References

Living people
1984 births
Chelsea F.C. players
Serbian footballers
Amelia  [uh-mel-ee-uh] is a female given name. It is a form of Amalia, which comes from the Germanic word amal, meaning "work". The name also means "industrious" and "fertile".For 2021, the number of births with name Amelia is 12952, which represents 0.728 percent of total female births in 2021. The form Amelie comes from the French equivalent Amélie. Related names are Amy and Millie.

There are many princesses and celebrities named Amelia. One is Amelia Earhart. Another is Minnie Driver, who was born as Amelia Fiona J. Driver.

In 1978, Tropical Storm Amelia caused a flooding disaster across Texas and killed thirty-three people.

People
 Princess Amelia of Great Britain (1711–1786)
 Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom (1783–1810)
 Amelia Bullmore (born 1964), English actress
Places
 Amelia, Umbria, a town in Italy
 Amelia, Louisiana, a census-designated place in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, United States
 Amelia, Nebraska, an unincorporated community in Holt County, Nebraska, United States
 Amelia, Ohio, a village in Clermont County, Ohio, United States
 Amelia, West Virginia
 Amelia City, Florida, a town in Nassau County, Florida, United States
 Amelia Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, a hamlet in the St. Barbe District, near Griguet
 Amelia County, Virginia, United States
 Amelia Courthouse, Virginia, a village in Amelia County near Richmond
 Amelia Island, the southernmost of the Sea Islands, near Florida

Media
 Amelia (film), a 2009 film based on the life of Amelia Earhart
 Amelia Bedelia, a series of US children's books
 Amelia Carlota, a main character in the Disney Channel animated series North Woods

Other
 Amelia (typeface)

References

Given names
Dennis Henry Burkley (September 10, 1945 – July 14, 2013) was an American actor. He was known for his voice role as Carl Moss in the animated series King of the Hill. 

Burkley was born on September 10, 1945 in Van Nuys, California. He grew up in Grand Prairie, Texas. Burkley died on July 14, 2013 in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 67.

References

Other websites

1945 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Limnognathia maerski is a microscopic animal. It is a newly discovered type, found in homothermic springs on Disko Island, Greenland in 1994. Its place in taxonomy is uncertain.

It is described as a class or subphylum in the phylum Gnathifera or as a phylum in a Gnathifera superphylum, called Micrognathozoa. It is related to the rotifers and gnathostomulida, grouped together as the Gnathifera. 

With an average length of one-tenth of a millimetre, it is one of the smallest animals known.

L. maerski has very complicated jaws, with fifteen separate parts. The parts of the jaw structure are connected by ligaments and muscles. The jaw parts are very small, ranging from 4 μm to 14 μm. The animal can extend part of its jaw structure outside of its mouth while eating. It also extends much of its jaw structure outside of its mouth when it is regurgitating (pushing out) items that are indigestible.
L. maerski has a large ganglion, or 'brain', in its head. Paired nerve cords go along the lower side of the body) to the tail. Stiff sensory bristles made up of one to three cilia are scattered about the body. These bristles are similar to those on gnathostomulids.

Flexible cilia are arranged in a horseshoe-shaped area on the forehead, and in spots on the sides of the head and in two rows on the underside of the body. The cilia on the forehead create a current that moves food particles towards the mouth. The other cilia move the animal.
All specimens of L. maerski that have been collected have had female organs. They lay two kinds of eggs: thin-walled eggs that hatch quickly, and thick-walled eggs that are believed to be resistant to freezing, and thus capable of over-wintering and hatching in the spring. The same pattern is known from rotifers, where thick-walled eggs only form after fertilization by males. The youngest L. maerski specimens collected may also have male organs: it is now thought that the animals hatch as males and then become females.

Phylogeny 
Cladogram (adapted from  ) showing the relationships of Limnognathia:

References

Comprehensive information on L. maerski 
Science Now article on L. maerski 

Invertebrates
Minor phyla
A brumby is a feral horse in Australia. They are found in many areas around the country, but the best-known brumbies are found in the Australian Alps region in south-eastern Australia. Today, most of them are found in the Northern Territory and Queensland. A group of Brumbies is known as a "mob" or "band".  

Brumbies are the descendants of horses that escaped or were lost many years ago. In some cases, they descend from the horses that belonged to the early European settlers. They had brought horses from South Africa, Indonesia, Great Britain, as well as many thoroughbreds and Arabians.

Today brumbies live in many places, including some national parks. Sometimes they are captured and domesticated. Most are then used as working horses on farms or stations. Some may be used as riding horses or show horses.
Brumbies are regarded as pests by environmentalists and the government. They are considered a threat to native ecosystems. There are several programmes to eradicate (kill) all feral horses across Australia. However, there are also many people working to stop this, as brumbies are also valued by many as part of Australia's history. The Brumby also might get its name from James Brumby, a horse breeder.

References

Other websites

 Australian Brumby Alliance
 Brumby Watch 
 National Parks Wild Horse Control 

Mammals of Australia
Horse breeds
An helicopter bucket (or sometimes Bambi bucket) is a kind of big bag used for water bombing by helicopters. It is removable. It can generally be stored in specially designed boxes.

Helicopters
Firefighting
Google Maps is a mobile application for mapping that was released by Google for Android in 2008. An iOS version was released on December 13, 2012. The iOS version was released as an alternative to Apple's built-in maps application, which was released with iOS 6.

Google Maps has many features, including turn-by-turn navigation, street view, and public transit information. The application's user interface was completely redesigned. The original version did not support the iPad, but Google added iPad support with version 2.0.

Google Maps is available as a mobile app for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems. The Android app was first released in September 2008, though the GPS-localization feature had been in testing on cellphones since 2007.
iOS version
The built-in maps application on iOS used Google Maps until iOS 6. With the release of the first iOS 6 beta in June 2012, Apple announced that they had created their own map service. iOS 6 was released on September 19, 2012 with a new maps application that uses map data by Apple. Google decided to create its own maps application after Apple's built-in maps application was criticized a lot.

Google Maps was launched on the iOS App Store on December 13, 2012. After only two days, the application had been downloaded over 10 million times. It was initially reported shortly after the application was released that the number of iOS upgrades to iOS 6 increased by as much as 30%. Later reports suggested that the increase was actually because of the iPhone 5's release in China.
The application has had mostly favorable reviews from critics. USA Today said, "The reemergence in the middle of the night of a Google Maps app for the iPhone is like the return of an old friend. Only your friend, who’d gone missing for three months, comes back looking better than ever." CNET, called it "the king of maps" and said, "With its iOS Maps app, Google sets the standard for what mobile navigation should be and more." Bree Fowler of the Associated Press compared Google's and Apple's map applications. He said, "The one clear advantage that Apple has is style. Like Apple devices, the maps are clean and clear and have a fun, pretty element to them, especially in 3-D. But when it comes down to depth and information, Google still reigns superior and will no doubt be welcomed back by its fans." Gizmodo gave it a "gizrank" of 4.5 stars
.5 stars. in 2013 Google even admitted that the iPhone and iPod touch version of its mapping software was more advanced than the version on its own Android mobile phone and tablet operating system.
Related pages
 Google Maps
 Google Earth
 Apple Maps

References

Other websites
Google Maps on the iOS App Store

Software
Google
Cartography
The Eurocopter AS-532 Cougar is the military variant of the AS-332 Super Puma helicopter. It is built by Eurocopter. It is used by countries such as Albania, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, France, Germany, Malawi, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe.
A modernized variant, dedicated to special forces, is the Eurocopter EC725 Caracal.

Bibliography 
 Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

Helicopters
French military aircraft
German military aircraft
AS-532 Cougar
The Eurocopter AS-350 Ecureuil is a light helicopter designed and built in France by Aérospatiale, and later produced by Eurocopter. It is one of the most important civilian helicopters in the world, like the United States' Bell 206. Many are used by militaries.

Specifications 
It is a single-turboshaft helicopter built entirely of metal. It can carry a pilot and at least five passengers. Some are used for aerial work. AS-350B3 is a variant for flying at high altitudes.

Variants 
 Aérospatiale AS-350Z is an experimental variant with a Fenestron tail rotor, like on the Aérospatiale SA-342 Gazelle.
 Eurocopter AS-550 Fennec is a military variant.
 Eurocopter AS-355 Ecureuil 2 is a twin-turboshaft variant.

Bibliography 
 Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
Helicopters
French military aircraft
German military aircraft
AS-350 Ecureuil
The  fuselage (from the French fuselé, meaning "spindle-shaped") is the main body section of an aircraft. It holds the crew and passengers or cargo, as well as an engine in many cases. It is often made out of a metal, such as aluminium.

Other websites

NASA page on fuselage 
Institute of Aircraft Design and Lightweight Structures (IFL) 

Aircraft
The Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium (, , also known as Gymnasia Herzliya), originally known as  (lit. Hebrew High School) is the first Hebrew high school in the world. It opened in 1905 in Jaffa. It moved between several buildings in Jaffa until 1909, when it moved to Tel Aviv. In 1955, the building was demolished and moved to a new site to build the Shalom Meir Tower.

Other websites 

School website (in Hebrew) 

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Schools
Education in Israel
The Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE; ) is the central stock exchange of Israel. It is in Tel Aviv. In 2014 the Stock Exchange will move to a new building next to the Shalom Meir Tower.

Other websites 

 Tel Aviv Stock Exchange website 

Stock exchanges in Asia
Economy of Israel
Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Organizations based in Israel
Israel Diamond Exchange Ltd. is the world's largest diamond exchange. It opened in 1937 in Tel Aviv. In 1968, it moved to Ramat Gan.

Other websites 
 Israel Diamond Exchange
 Israel Diamond Exchange Tour 

1937 establishments
1930s establishments in Israel
Companies of Israel
Tel Aviv
The Jerusalem central bus station is the main bus station of Jerusalem. It is in the western entrance of the city in Jaffa Street, near the Jerusalem Binyanei HaUma Railway Station and the Jerusalem Chords Bridge.

Other websites 

 

Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Bus transport in Asia
The Tomb of Benei Hezir () is ancient cave tomb in eastern Jerusalem. It is from the Second Temple period. It is located in the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery in the Kidron Valley.

Other websites

Mount of Olives
Tombs in Jerusalem
Caves of Asia
2nd-century BC buildings and structures
Grand Festivities Square is a festival and parade ground in Zawraa Park, Baghdad, Iraq. It was built in 1986 by order of president Saddam Hussein to celebrate the victory of Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War. There is a large reviewing stand and pavilion in the square.  The pavilion also contains a cinema and theatre. The square was used for executions and military parades. The Victory Arch was built over the two entrances to the square. Grand Festivities Square is next to The Monument to the Unknown Soldier.

Other websites 
 Great Celebrations square on WikiMapia

1986 establishments in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baghdad
Town squares in Asia
National squares
20th-century establishments in Iraq
The Iraq Museum, lately known as the National Museum of Iraq (), is a history museum in Baghdad, Iraq. It shows the history of the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Assyria and Babylon. The museum was started in 1926 by the British mandate in the Middle East.

Other websites 
 The Virtual Museum of Iraq
 Lost Treasures from Iraq  Illustrated site by University of Chicago
 The 2003- Iraq War & Archaeology 
 Bogdanos, Matthew. The Casualties of War: The Truth about the Iraq Museum American Journal of Archaeology, 109, 3 (July 2005)
 University of Chicago
 Rothfield, Lawrence. The Rape of Mesopotamia: Behind the Looting of the Iraq Museum, excerpt

Iraq
1926 establishments in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baghdad
Marianne [ mair-ee-an, mar- ] is a female given name. Marianne is a name that has been popular for many centuries and it combines two names, Mary and Anne. Mary is a Hebrew name that can mean "bitter" or "beloved," while Anne is a Hebrew name that can mean "grace" or "favor." When these two names are put together, Marianne means "bitter grace" or "beloved grace." It is the French form of Mariamne, which in turn is a version of Mary. In the late Greek, Marianna was used. In 18th century France, Marianne became a popular version of the name Marian. People named Mariannne include singer Marianne Faithfull. Fictional characters with the name include Marianne Dashwood in the book Sense and Sensibility. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

People 

 Marianne Williamson, American writer and politician
 Marianne Curley, Australian writer
 Marianne Koch, German actress

References

Given names
Albert Gelis Juanola (born October 26, 1981 in Sant Joan Les Fonts, Girona) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is an B2/S12 type swimmer. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. He finished second at the 2004 Games in the 4 x 100 meter 49 Points Medley Relay.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1981 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2008 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Sportspeople from Catalonia
Vicente Gil Ros (born January 5, 1976 in Carpesa, Valencia) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is an S5 type swimmer. He raced at the  2000 Summer Paralympics, 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. He finished second at the 2004 and 2008 Games in the SB3 50 meter breaststroke.  He finished third in the 4 x 50 meter 20 Points medley race at the 2008 Games.

In 2010, he raced at the Tenerife International Open.  He raced at the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1976 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S5
People from Valencia
Nadia is a female given name, mostly in the Russian and Ukrainian languages. The name means "hope". The name is very popular in Italy, Spain, France and Russia. One person named Nadia is Nadia Comăneci. Several fictional characters are named Nadia. This name was ranked #460 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People 

 Nadia Comăneci, Romanian gymnast and five-time Olympic gold medalist
 Nadia Sharmeen, journalist from Bangladesh

References

Given names