Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ariodante is an opera seria in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was based on parts of Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. Handel put some ballet music in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé. 

The opera was first performed in the Covent Garden Theatre, London, on 8 January 1735. It opened Handel's first season at Covent Garden. It was a great success. It was performed 11 times during its premiere season. 

It eventually was forgotten. The score was published in the early 1960s. In the 1970s, the work was revived. It is thought to be one of Handel's best operas.

Roles 
 Ariodante, a vassal prince - mezzo-soprano castrato
 Ginevra, daughter of the King of Scotland, betrothed to Ariodante - soprano
 Dalinda, attendant on Ginevra, secretly in love with Polinesso  - soprano
 Polinesso, Duke of Albany - alto
 Lurcanio, Ariodante's brother - tenor
 King of Scotland - bass
 Odoardo, favorite of the king - tenor
Story 
Ginevra is engaged to Ariodante. Polinesso is in love with her. He uses Dalinda to trick Ariodante. She tells Ariodante that Ginevra is Polinesso's lover. The King disowns Ginevra. Ariodante is reported to have killed himself. Polinesso then sends his agents to kill Dalinda because she was the only witness to his plot. Ariodante is alive. He drives off the assassins. Polinesso eants to win the King’s favour. He offers to defend Ginevra's honour in a tournament. He is wounded by Lurcanio. Ariodante has learned about Polinesso’s plot from Dalinda. He now appears. He offers himself as Ginevra’s champion. Polinesso confesses his guilt and dies. Ginevra is pardoned by the King.

References 

 The second of the two-volume definitive reference on the operas of Handel.

Other websites 
Score of Ariodante (ed. Friedrich Chrysander, Leipzig 1881)
San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: Handel's Ariodante
Italian libretto online

Compositions by George Frideric Handel
1730s operas
1735
The Phantom of the Opera (1925) is a silent horror movie. It is based on a novel of the same name by Gaston Leroux. The movie was directed by Rupert Julian. It stars Lon Chaney as the Phantom and Mary Philbin as his love, Christine. The movie is famous for Chaney's horrific, self-applied make-up.

Plot 
The story is about a disfigured man named Erik who haunts the Paris Opera. He wants the managers to make the woman he loves, named Christine, a star. In order to do this, he terrorizes everyone by doing things such as dropping a chandelier and wearing a scary disguise in the middle of a large party.  When he learns that Christine is in love with a man named Raoul, he kidnaps her. Raoul eventually rescues her, and a group of angry people chase the Phantom until he falls into the Seine river.

Cast 
 Lon Chaney as Erik, The Phantom of the Opera
 Mary Philbin as Christine
 Norman Kerry as Raoul 
 Arthur Edmund Carewe as Ledoux
Critical reception and legacy 
The movie was a great success. The critics liked it. Executives at Universal Pictures were pleased. They put a string of horror movies into production. These movies included Bela Lugosi's Dracula and Boris Karloff's Frankenstein. Phantom was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Two major versions of the film survive today. The original film (today) comes from bad quality "show at home" film prints which are entirely black and white. The more common version is a 1929 silent version using different takes and camera angles. The 1929 silent version exists because of a lost 1929 sound version in which new scenes were shot in sound.

American horror movies
American silent movies
English-language movies
1925 movies
1920s horror movies
Universal Pictures movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies based on books
Hanwha Eagles () is one of ten Korean professional baseball teams. The Hanwha Eagles use Han bat stadium () and Cheong Ju stadium () as their home stadia. The Hanwha Eagles won the Korean Series Champions title in 1999.

Baseball teams in South Korea
1980s establishments in South Korea
Gidget is a 1959 American romantic comedy teen movie about living in California. It is about a teenage girl who goes surfing. She has a romance with a young surfer.

The movie stars Sandra Dee, Cliff Robertson, and pop singer James Darren. The movie was based on a novel by Frederick Kohner titled Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas. The movie was directed by Paul Wendkos.

Legacy 
Gidget was the first beach party" movie.  It was followed by two sequel movies, various television series, several made-for-TV movies, and the parody Psycho Beach Party.

Gidget is credited by numerous sources, including a documentary movie by Stacy Peralta,  as being the single main influence to bring surfing and the surfing subculture into the American mainstream.

The movie received a 1960 Golden Laurel Award nomination for Top Female Comedy Performance for actress Sandra Dee.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 Gidget at the American Film Institute Catalog
1959 comedy-drama movies
1959 romantic comedy movies
1959 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
Columbia Pictures movies
1950s English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in California
Movies directed by Paul Wendkos
E-Artsup is a French private graduate school. It teaches things to do with digital creativity and multimedia. It was founded in 2001.

The school has four courses, communication, concept, motion design, interaction design and game design, and delivers a degree recognized by French State.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
2001 establishments in France
was a Japanese football player.

Biography
Sasano played for Waseda University. He won 1938 Emperor's Cup with Shogo Kamo, Sei Fuwa, Kunitaka Sueoka, Hidetoki Takahashi and so on. He also played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates.

In 1936, Sasano was selected the Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but he did not play in the match. At this competition, Japan completed a come-from-behind victory first game against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" (ベルリンの奇跡) in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1936 Olympics) at Japan Football Association

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
(ISEFAC) is a French private business school. It was founded in 2000.

The school has two courses, communication and business/marketing., and delivers a degree recognized by French State.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Schools in France
Brussels
2000 establishments in France
"Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" is a popular piece of choral music. It was composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the 10th movement of the cantata Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben. It was written during Bach's first year in Leipzig, Germany. Bach did not compose the melody. That was written by Johann Schop. Bach only harmonized and orchestrated Schop's melody. A transcription of "Jesu" was made by the English pianist Myra Hess (1890–1965), It was published in 1926 for piano solo. In 1934 the Hess version was adapted for piano duet. British organist Peter Hurford made a transcription of "Jesu" for organ. Today, Bach's piece is often performed at weddings and funerals. Bach wrote the piece for voices with trumpet, oboes, strings, and continuo.  "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" is one of Bach's most enduring pieces of music.

Compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
Choral compositions
Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game. It is developed by Three Rings Design. In this game, the player plays a role of a pirate. The player sails the ocean, plays different puzzles and earn PoE (Pieces of Eights).

Anyone over 13 years of age can play Puzzle Pirates. Pirates can join a crew, which in turn joins a flag. The flags forms alliances and blockade islands. 

The game encourages players to use pirate-themed words like "Ahoy", "Yarr!", "Shiver me Timbers", etc. As of December 2008, there are 4 million pirates registered to the game. On August 31, 2011, the game was made free-to-play on Steam.

Online games
Sonny Bono (February 16, 1935 – January 5, 1998) was a recording artist, a producer, singer-songwriter, actor and politician. He was married to Cher between 1964 and 1975, during which time they formed the duo Sonny & Cher. Together, they had numerous hit records and singles. They had several children, including Chastity Bono (who would later be renamed Chaz Bono). Sonny was killed in a skiing accident.

Other websites 

Accidental deaths in the United States
Actors from Detroit
Singer-songwriters from California
American television actors
Skiing deaths
Politicians from Michigan
Singers from Detroit
United States representatives from California
1935 births
1998 deaths
Ghatkopar is a suburb in Mumbai. It comes under the 'N-Ward' of Mumbai municipality.

Post offices
There are four postal codes connected to Ghatkopar.
400077 for Ghatkopar (East)
400084 [Bhatwadi] and 400086 for Ghatkopar (West), and Amrut Nagar
400075 for Pant Nagar
The post office of Ghatkopar East is in Rajawadi. The post procedure v I  for Ghatkopar West is near the Railway Station.mr

Education
 Garodia International School
 Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College
 S.P.N.Doshi Women's College

Mumbai
The prime minister is appointed by the president of India; however the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected every five years, lest the prime minister shall resign. The prime minister can be a member of the Lok Sabha or of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the parliament. The prime minister unilaterally controls the selection and dismissal of members of the Council of Minister; and allocation of posts to members within the government. The council, which is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75(3), assists the president regarding the operations under the latter's powers; however, by the virtue of Article 74 of the Constitution, such 'aid and advice' tendered by the council is binding. The prime minister ranks third in the Indian order of precedence.
The longest-serving prime minister was Jawaharlal Nehru, also the first prime minister, whose rule lasted 16 years and 286 days. His premiership was followed by Lal Bahadur Shastri's short tenure and Indira Gandhi's 11- and 4-year-long tenures, both politicians belonging to the Indian National Congress. After Indira Gandhi's assassination, her son Rajiv took charge until 1989, when a decade with six unstable governments began. This was followed by the full terms of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Manmohan Singh, and Narendra Modi. Modi is the 14th and current prime minister of India, serving since 26 May 2014.

Origins and history
India follows a parliamentary system in which the prime minister is the presiding head of the government and chief of the executive of the government. In such systems, the head of state, or, the head of state's official representative (i.e., the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a purely ceremonial position and acts—on most matters—only on the advice of the prime minister.

The prime minister—if they are not already—must become a member of parliament within six months of beginning his/her tenure. A prime minister is expected to work with other central ministers to ensure the passage of bills by the parliament.

History

1947–1984
Since 1947, there have been 14 different prime ministers. The first few decades after 1947 saw the Indian National Congress' (INC) almost complete domination over the political map of India. India's first prime minister—Jawaharlal Nehru—took oath on 15 August 1947. Nehru went on to serve as prime minister for 17 consecutive years, winning four general elections in the process. His tenure ended in May 1964, on his death.  After the death of Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri—a former home minister and a leader of the Congress party—ascended to the position of prime minister. Shastri's tenure saw the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Shashtri subsequently died of a reported heart attack in Tashkent, after signing the Tashkent Declaration.
After Shastri, Indira Gandhi—Nehru's daughter—was elected as the country's first woman prime minister. Indira's first term in office lasted 11 years, in which she took steps such as nationalisation of banks; end of allowances and political posts, which were received by members of the royal families of the erstwhile princely states of British India. In addition, events such as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971; the establishment of a sovereign Bangladesh; accession of Sikkim to India, through a referendum in 1975; and India's first nuclear test in Pokhran occurred during Indira's first term. In 1975, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed—on Indira's advice—imposed a state of emergency, therefore, bestowing the government with the power to rule by decree, the period is known for human right violations.
After widespread protests, the emergency was lifted in 1977, and a general election was to be held.
All of the political parties of the opposition—after the conclusion of the emergency—fought together against the Congress, under the umbrella of the Janata Party, in the general election of 1977, and were successful in defeating the Congress. Subsequently, Morarji Desai—a former deputy prime minister—became the first non-Congress prime minister of India. The government of prime minister Desai was composed of groups with opposite ideologies, in which unity and co-ordination were difficult to maintain. Ultimately, after two and a half years as PM; on 28 July 1979, Morarji tendered his resignation to the president; and his government fell. Thereafter, Charan Singh—a deputy prime minister in Desai's cabinet—with outside, conditional support from Congress, proved a majority in Lok Sabha and took oath as prime minister. However, Congress pulled its support shortly after, and Singh had to resign; he had a tenure of 5 months, the shortest in the history of the office
. In 1980 Indian general election, after a three-year absence, the Congress returned to power with an absolute majority. Indira Gandhi was elected prime minister a second time. During her second tenure, Operation Blue Star—an Indian Army operation inside the Golden Temple, the most sacred site in Sikhism—was conducted, resulting in reportedly thousands of deaths. Subsequently, on 31 October 1984, Gandhi was shot dead by Satwant Singh and Beant Singh—two of her bodyguards—in the garden of her residence at 1, Safdarjung Road, New Delhi.
1984–1999
After the end of Rao's tenure in May 1996, the nation saw four prime ministers in a span of three years, , two tenures of Atal Bihari Vajpayee; one tenure of H. D. Deve Gowda from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997; and one tenure of I. K. Gujral from 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998. The government of Prime Minister Vajpayee—elected in 1998—took some concrete steps. In May 1998—after a month in power—the government announced the conduct of five underground nuclear explosions in Pokhran. In response to these tests, many western countries, including the United States, imposed economic sanctions on India, but, due to the support received from Russia, France, the Gulf countries and some other nations, the sanctions—were largely—not considered successful. A few months later in response to the Indian nuclear tests, Pakistan also conducted nuclear tests. Given the deteriorating situation between the two countries, the governments tried to improve bilateral relations
. In February 1999, the India and Pakistan signed the Lahore Declaration, in which the two countries announced their intention to annul mutual enmity, increase trade and use their nuclear capabilities for peaceful purposes. In May 1999, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam withdrew from the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) coalition; Vajpayee's government, hence, became a caretaker one after losing a motion-of-no-confidence 269–270, this coincided with the Kargil War with Pakistan. In the subsequent October 1999 general election, the BJP-led NDA and its affiliated parties secured a comfortable majority in the Lok Sabha, winning 299 of 543 seats in the lower house.
Role and power of the Prime Minister

The Prime Minister is responsible in aiding the President in his/her work relating to the government. The Prime Minister, in consultation with the Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions of the Houses of Parliament and is required to answer the question from the Members of Parliament.

Some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in the cabinet but the Prime Minister himself. The Prime Minister is usually always in-charge/head of:
 Appointments Committee of the Cabinet;
 Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions;
 Ministry of Planning;
 Department of Atomic Energy; and
 Department of Space.

The Prime Minister also represents the country in various international meetings, conferences and organizations.

Selection process

Eligibility
Eligibility 

A Prime Minister must be:
 a citizen of India.
 should be a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. If a person elected prime minister is neither a member of the Lok Sabha nor Rajya Sabha, then he must become a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha within six months.
 of above 25  years of age (in the case of a seat in the Lok Sabha) or above 30 years of age (in the case of a seat in the Rajya Sabha).

Oath
Oath of office:

Oath of secrecy:

List of prime ministers

Living former prime ministers 
As of 8 June 2022, there are two living former prime ministers of India:

References

1947 establishments
Government of India
India-related lists
India
"Over the Rainbow" is a song from the movie The Wizard of Oz. It was composed by Harold Arlen and the lyrics were written by E.Y. Harburg. Judy Garland sang the song in the movie. Over time it would become her signature song. The song won an Academy Award. The song is also known as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow".

About five minutes into the movie, Judy Garland (as Dorothy Gale) sings "Over the Rainbow". She is trying to get her aunt and uncle to listen to her story about an incident involving her dog, Toto. Dorothy's Aunt Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". Dorothy walks off with Toto. She says to the dog, "Someplace where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain." She begins to sing the song.
MGM executives thought the song "slowed down the picture". They said it did not sound like a song a little girl would sing in a barnyard. They wanted to cut it from the movie. Other people wanted the song to be kept in the movie. The executives changed their minds and the song was kept.

"Over the Rainbow" was going to be sung again by Garland in the scene where she is locked in the witch's room and watches the hourglass. She weeps through the song, and ends with "I'm frightened, Auntie Em! I'm frightened!". The song was cut from the scene. The "I'm frightened" cry was kept in the movie.
The song is number one on the "Songs of the Century" list compiled by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. The American Film Institute has ranked "Over the Rainbow" as the greatest movie song of all time on the list of "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs". American troops in Europe in World War II adopted the song as a symbol of the United States. Garland performed the song for American troops as part of a 1943 command performance.

Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwoʻole (1959–1997) recorded a version of "Over the Rainbow" in 1988. It was released in 1993.

References

Pop songs
1930s songs
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
Labelle songs
Jerry Lee Lewis songs
Cliff Richard songs
Ariana Grande songs
Jewel (singer) songs
Willie Nelson songs
Eva Cassidy songs
1939 works
Runaway is a science fiction and action movie released near Christmas 1984, starring Kirstie Alley and Tom Selleck. Alley plays former lover for a villain named Luther. Selleck plays a police officer whose son is eventually kidnapped by the villain. The movie tells of complex technology gone wrong when permitted to dominate the lives of everybody. Also acting in the movie is Gene Simmons from KISS. The movie was planned as a major science fiction draw, although it was overshadowed by a low budget movie called The Terminator, which was directed by then-not well known James Cameron.

1984 action movies
1984 science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
Movies directed by Michael Crichton
English-language movies
Orphans of the Storm  is a 1921 silent movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars sisters Dorothy and Lillian Gish. The movie is about two sisters (one blind) who are separated during the turmoil of the French Revolution. They are reunited after much tribulation.

Griffith used historical events to comment on contemporary events. In this case, he used the French Revolution to comment upon the rise of Bolshevism. The movie is about class conflict. It speaks for inter-class understanding and against destructive hatred. This was the last Griffith movie to star the Gish sisters. It is often thought to be Griffith's last big moneymaker.  The movie is a remake of the lost The Two Orphans (1915) starring Theda Bara.

1921 drama movies
1920s American drama movies
American silent movies
1920s historical movies
Women's movies
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
The Terminator is an American action-science fiction movie. It is set in Los Angeles, California and stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Michael Biehn, and Linda Hamilton. This movie was directed by James Cameron and was released on October 26, 1984 in the United States by Orion Pictures. Its budget was $6.4 million and it grossed $78.3 million at the box office.

It was followed by sequels Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, Terminator Salvation, Terminator Genisys and Terminator: Dark Fate.
Plot 
In 1984 Los Angeles, a cyborg assassin known as a Terminator arrives from 2029 and steals guns and clothes. Shortly afterwards, Kyle Reese, a human soldier, also arrives. He steals clothes from a homeless man and evades the police. The Terminator begins systematically killing women named Sarah Connor, whose addresses he finds in the telephone directory. He tracks the third Sarah Connor to a nightclub, but Kyle rescues her. The two steal a car and escape with the Terminator pursuing them in a police car.
Months later, a pregnant Sarah is traveling through Mexico, recording audio tapes to pass on to her unborn son, John. She debates whether to tell him that Kyle is his father. At a gas station, a boy takes a Polaroid photograph of her which she purchases—the same photograph that John will eventually give to Kyle.

Other websites 

1984 action movies
1984 science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
Chase movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by James Cameron
Movies set in the future
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies set in the 2020s
Movies set in Los Angeles
Robot movies
Science fiction action movies
Terminator (franchise)
Time travel movies
Drone movies
Movies about nuclear war and weapons
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
American independent movies
Little House in the Big Woods is a children's novel. It was written by Laura Ingalls Wilder. It was published in 1932. It is the first book in Wilder's Little House series. The book and the series are based on Wilder's memories of growing up near Pepin, Wisconsin in the 19th century. 

20th-century American novels
1932 books
American children's books
is a Japanese town in Kōchi Prefecture on the Pacific coastline of the island of Shikoku.

History
In 2006, the towns of Ōgata and Saga joined together to become the new town, Kuroshio.

References

Other websites 

 Kuroshio town website 

Towns in Japan
Settlements in Kōchi Prefecture
2006 establishments in Japan
Moutiers-au-Perche is a commune in the Orne département, lower Normandy. This is a village in the province of Perche. There are 525 people. The surface is . The altitude is . 

It was a monastery created by Saint Laurent in the sixth century.
There is a Château de Guilbault built at the time of the Directoire. There is a park with an old bridge also.
There is a Roman style church of Notre-Dame-Du-Mont-Harou with a mural painting and a wooden statue.

Communes in Orne
Gacé is a commune. It is in the region of Normandy in the Orne department in the northwest of France. There are 2,192 people living there in 2012. It was at first, a Gallic city named *Vassiākon. The Castle of Gacé was built in the 11th century. The English captured the castle in 1417.

The city had important economic activity in the beginning of 19th century. It's a industrial and agricultural town.

There is the Museum of Lady of the Camellias.

Communes in Orne
Fontenai-les-Louvets is a former commune of Orne in lower Normandy, France. There are 205 people living there. it covers . On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune L'Orée-d'Écouves.

References 

Former communes in Orne
Mortrée is a village in Normandy, in the Orne department. It covers . It is at  above sea level. There are 1042 people living there in 2012.

The famous Normand family named "d'O" lived here. It became famous in the first crusade. The Marquis d'O (died in 1594) was finance minister and he was the favourite of Henry III of France.

On 1 January 2019, the former commune Saint-Hilaire-la-Gérard was merged into Mortrée.

Historic Sites
There is a church "Saints-Pierre-et-Paul" () and another one called "Méhéran". 

The Chateau d'Ô is also there.The chateau d'Ô is made up of two parts joined by a gallery. The entrance building that shows a Gothic flamboyant style, was built at the beginning of the 16th century.It is very unique because of the distinguished mix of stones and bricks on these small towers.There are sculptures on the entrance front. The gallery was built at the same time from Italian inspiration. The west building, was finished in the 17th century.
References
Gérard Bourdin, Jean-Marie Foubert, Jean-Pascal Foucher. (2012) L'Orne, des territoires, une histoire. Alençon : Conseil général de l'Orne.

Communes in Orne
Carrouges is a commune in the French departement of the Orne. There are 787 peoples living there in 2012.

The town is well-known because of its castle built in the 16th century, with red bricks. Many expositions and other activities are organized. There is a 19th-century church. Hunting and fishing are the favourite activities of the inhabitants.

Communes in Orne
Kavadikaranoor (; also spelt as Kavadikaranur) is a village in Salem district  in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the largest village in Thangayur panchayat. The village is spread over an area of 12.35 km2. The economy of the village revolves around agriculture, truck and heavy truck transports.

Kavadikaranoor has an average elevation of . It is at the east basin of the hill called Sooriya malai (Mountain of Sun). This mountain doesn't have any plants due to its rocky and unusual properties. The research done geologists shows it consists of rare radioactive minerals. A number of stone quarrying companies have been here for more than 30 years. A lake is located in the north-eastern part of the village and irrigation spreads to nearby areas.

Vishnu is the god worshipped most in the village. The main temple is Sri Paali Perumal. Main festival seasons are October and April. On the 4th Saturday of each month more than 20,000 thousand people worship here from various parts of the district.
The people are mostly Gounders. Other minority peoples are also present in small numbers. All the people are peacefully co-existing and living in harmony. It has a population of 1812 as of the 2001 India census. Males constitute 70% of the population and females 63% and an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%.

References

Villages in Tamil Nadu
Sports in Japan are a part of Japanese culture. Japan has many traditional sports such as sumo, judo, karate, and kendo. Also, there are sports which were imported from the West such as baseball, soccer, golf and skiing. Sports are popular with both participants and onlookers.

History
Some traditional sports like yabusame have ancient histories.

In the Meiji period, sports which were imported from the West became popular.
 Baseball was first played at Waseda University in Tokyo in 1890.
 Golf was imported from England; and the first golf course was created in Kobe in 1903.
 Gymnastics was encouraged in schools as early as 1872.
Rugby teams were created at Keiō University in Tokyo in 1899.
 Soccer was first played in 1878.
 Swimming competition was first held at the Yokohama Amateur Rowing Club in 1898.
 Tennis became popular in 1878.
 Track and field competition began in 1883 at the University of Tokyo.   
 Volleyball was imported from the US in 1914.
 Weightlifting was made popular by Jigoro Kano in 1922.
Another popular spectator sport is professional wrestling, locally known as puroresu (プロレス). While the sport was known in Japan before World War II, it did not become widely popular until the rise of Rikidōzan, considered the "father" of puroresu, in the 1950s. While similar to professional wrestling in the rest of the world in that winners are decided before the match, puroresu has become a unique style. Most match storylines play up the wrestlers' "fighting spirit". Also, because many Japanese wrestlers have martial arts backgrounds, most strikes during matches make full contact. Puroresu also enjoys close ties to mixed martial arts, with some companies often holding wrestling matches and MMA fights in the same event; because of this, both wrestlers and fans treat puroresu as a combat sport.

At first, Western sports were valued as a form of mental discipline, but they have become recreational activities.
Notable athletes, sports clubs, sports schools and training clinics played an important part in spreading sports in Japan.

In Japan, sports groups are an important part of school life. The time spent in these groups allows students to adjust to Japan's vertical society.  For example, in sports, players learn to use keigo (formal, polite speech), respect and traditions.

Olympic games

The 1940 Summer Olympics and the 1940 Winter Olympics were planned for Japan, but the organizers withdrew in 1938 because of the Second Sino-Japanese War.  These games were later cancelled because of World War II.

Japan did host the Olympic games four times.
 1964 Summer Olympics
 1972 Winter Olympics
 1998 Winter Olympics
 2020 Summer Olympics

Related pages
 Aikido
 Judo
 Jujutsu
 Karate
 Kendo
 Sumo
 Kyūdō

References

Other websites 
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) website
Spencer Fox (born May 10, 1993) is an American musician, singer and actor. He is best known as the voice of Dash Parr in The Incredibles and was the original voice of Mudbud in Air Buddies. He is also the guitarist and vocalist of the power pop band Charly Bliss.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

Other websites
 

American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Living people
American television actors
1993 births
Actors from New York City
Tucker Albrizzi (born February 25, 2000) is an American actor, voice artist and comedian. He is best known for his current role as Tyler on Big Time Rush and Jake on Good Luck Charlie. He is also the new voice of Budderball in the Air Buddies series.

Other websites 

2000 births
Living people
American child actors
Comedians from Florida
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Florida
was a  after Jishō and before Juei.  This period started in July 1181 and ended in May 1182.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Yōwa era
 1181 (Yōwa 1, 25th day of the 11th month): The wife of the late Emperor Takakura adopted the name of Kenreimon-in.

 1181 (Yōwa 1): A famine that lasts for two years blights this era.

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
The 'Siamese' is a breed of cat from Thailand. It is a well-known cat, especially for its blue eyes and brown face, ears, tail and paws, although not all of them look like this. In Thailand, it is a native breed, and they are called Wichian Mat (), which means moon diamond. There are two different types of Siamese Cat, the Traditional or Thai Siamese, and the Modern Siamese.

Appearance
The fur on all Siamese cats has the same sort of pattern, known as point coloration. This is when an animal has a pale body and a dark face, ears, feet and tail.

Traditional Siamese
The Traditional Siamese has a few features that are the same as the Modern Siamese, like the colour pattern and the short fur, but it is different because of its head and body shape. It has long legs, and is thin and is graceful.  It has a wedge shaped head and muzzle, and round cheeks. The ears are large and high. The eyes are between medium and large, and have the shape of an almond.
Modern Siamese
The body of a Modern Siamese is flexible and well-muscled. Its head is in the shape of a triangle, with a thin snout-like muzzle. Their eyes are also almond shaped, and their ears are tall and sit more on the side of the head than the Traditional Siamese. It's neck and tail are long and thin.

Behaviour

Siamese cats, both Traditional and Modern, are usually very friendly and loving cats, and will enjoy spending time with you,  although this depends on the cat.  They are known to bond to one person. They are also very smart, more so than some other cats. Some Siamese cats enjoy 'talking', which has been said to sound like a human baby, and always enjoy attention. Siamese cats love to play and run around as if they were kittens all their life.
Unlike most cats, they are less active at night, and prefer to sleep through it. This might be because their eyes lack something called tapetum lucidum, which allows cats to see better in the dark. Unlike many other blue-eyed cats, Siamese cats can still hear well. Cats that are white with blue eyes are often deaf.

In fiction
 Siamese cats named Si and Am have a minor role in Lady and the Tramp (1955) and its sequel, Lady and the Tramp II (2001). They were replaced with a different breed in the 2019 remake, the Devon Rex.
 The cover of the Blink-182 album Cheshire Cat features a Siamese cat.

References

Colorpoint cat breeds
Natural cat breeds
, also romanized as Kampyō was a  after Ninna and before Shōtai.  This period started in April 889 and ended in April 898.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Kanpyō era
 889 (Kanpyō 1, 10th month):  Former-Emperor Yōzei suffered a period of acute mental illness.
 4 August 897 (Kanpyō 9, 3rd day of the 7th month):  In the 10th year of Uda's reign, the emperor abdicated; and his eldest son received the succession (senso).
 6 August 897 (Kanpyō 9, 5th day of the 7th month): Emperor Daigo accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
889 establishments
9th-century establishments in Japan
898 disestablishments
9th-century disestablishments in Japan
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (13 December 1780 in Hof – 24 March 1849 in Jena) was a German chemist. He is best known for the development of the so-called Döbereiner's lamp. This is one of the first lighters.

Döbereiner was a professor for chemistry, pharmacy and technology at the university of Jena. He was a friend of the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

He also studied oxidations of chemical elements. In 1832, he could oxidate  (sulfur dioxide) to  (sulfur trioxide).

References 

1780 births
1849 deaths
German academics
German chemists
German inventors
People from Bavaria
Khabab (, Syriac: ܟܚܐܒܐܒ, ) is a town in southern Syria. It is about 57 kilometres (about 36 miles) south of Damascus and about the same distance away from the city of Daraa.

Sources
Khabab.net
Khabab town site

Cities in Syria
The Birth of a Nation is a 1915 silent drama movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It was based on the book The Clansman by Thomas Dixon, Jr. It stars Lillian Gish.  

The movie is about two families during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. The Northern Stoneman family is pro-Union. The Southern Cameron family is pro-Confederacy. The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth is dramatized. It is a white supremacist and antisemitic film.

The movie was a great success. It was very controversial though. It showed African-American men (played by white actors in blackface) as stupid and sexually aggressive towards white women. It also showed the Ku Klux Klan as a heroic force. There were protests. The movie was banned in several cities. The outcry of racism was great. Screenings were often followed by riots and attacks.
The movie is also credited in part with the formation of the "second era" Ku Klux Klan the same year. The Birth of a Nation was used as a recruiting tool for the KKK.  In 1915, it was the first movie to be shown at the White House, by Democrat Woodrow Wilson.

References 

1915 drama movies
Epic movies
1910s historical movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
Historical movies
Movies about racism
Movies about slavery
Movies based on books
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
Movies set in the 1860s
Movies set in the 1870s
Movies set in South Carolina
United States National Film Registry movies
Micula (, Mîḵulāh) is a surname of Ashkenazi Jewish origin. It is most popular in Eastern Europe.

The name dates back to the 11th century, many Jews moved to East Europe to avoid persecution. In some countries the name is written as Mikula, because of the Slavic influence.

People with the surname Micula can be found in Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Israel, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Moldova.

References

Surnames
Wayne Eliot Knight (born August 7, 1955) is an American actor, voice actor. He is known for his role as Newman in the television series Seinfeld. Knight is from New York City. Knight is a Democrat and  attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

Personal life
Knight was married twice. He was first married to make-up artist Paula Sutor, they married on May 26, 1996. They remained married until they divorced in mid 2003. Knight married his second wife Clare de Chenu on October 15, 2006; together the couple have a son.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

1955 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Democrats (United States)
Seinfeld
"Lose Control (Let Me Down)" is a song by Keri Hilson and Nelly.  The song contains two parts: the first three minutes and thirty-three seconds being "Lose Control", featuring a rap from Nelly, and the last one minute and thirty-two seconds being "Let Me Down", a solo song by Hilson. "Lose Control" was produced by StarGate. The producer for "Let Me Down" is unknown. The song was only available as a radio single.

2011 songs
Nelly songs
Keri Hilson songs
The Sheik is a 1921 silent movie. It was  directed by George Melford. It stars Rudolph Valentino. The movie was based on the book The Sheik by Edith Maude Hull. The movie is about a British lady who is captured by an Arab chieftain (a sheik). She is held in his camp, and grows to love him. The Sheik made Valentino a superstar. Reviews were mixed. Some critics liked the movie. Some did not. Women loved it. Most men did not like it. They either walked out or stayed away.

Roles 
 Rudolph Valentino as the Sheik 
 Agnes Ayres as Lady Diana Mayo 
 Frank Butler as Sir Aubrey Mayo, Diana's brother 
 Lucien Littlefield as Gaston, the Sheik's valet 
 Adolphe Menjou as Raoul de Saint Hubert, the Sheik's friend 
 Walter Long as Omair, a bandit

Story
Story 

Lady Diana Mayo is headstrong and independent. Against her brother's advice, she plans a trip into the desert with only native guides. That night Diana sneaks into an 'Arabs Only' casino wearing a dancer's costume. The Sheik is there. He discovers she is white. He is amused, but sends her away. He learns that she is taking a trip into the desert the next day. He sneaks into her room and tampers with the bullets in her revolver. Later, the Sheik and his men find Diana riding alone. She tries to flee while shooting at the Sheik. He easily captures her. He takes her to his camp. He orders her about. He tells her she will learn to love him. He wants to raping her, but decides against it.
The Sheik receives a visit from his friend, Raoul St. Hubert. Raoul befriends Diana.  He chides the Sheik for treating her roughly. Diana gradually warms to the Sheik. She is allowed to go into the desert with his servant. She escapes. She sees a caravan. It belongs to the bandit Omair. The Sheik and his men reach her just in time. The Sheik is in love with Diana. He allows her to ride out again with his servant. She writes "I love you" in the sand. Omair captures her.

The Sheik gathers his men to attack Omair's camp. Omair tries to rape Diana. The Sheik and his men rush in. The Sheik kills Omair, but he is injured. Diana discovers that the Sheik is not an Arab. His father was British and his mother Spanish.  They died in the desert. Their child was raised by the old Sheik. When the old man died, the Sheik returned to rule the tribe. The Sheik recovers from his injury. Diana confesses her love.
Reception 
Reviews were mixed. Many critics felt the toned-down rape scene ruined the original message. It was a great success with audiences however. Attendance records were broken.  One newspaper estimated that 125,000 people had seen the movie in its first weeks. Producer Lasky declared the last week of November 1921 'The Sheik Week'. He had the movie open in 250 theatres across the United States on 20 November.  The movie ran for six months in Sydney, Australia. It ran for 42 weeks in one theatre in France. It was the first Valentino movie to show in his native Italy. Within the first year, The Sheik made more than $1 million.  The film cost $200,000 to make.
Female moviegoers loved Valentino. Male moviegoers loathed him. Men refused to see the movie. If they did, they laughed at the love scenes. Men walked out during the movie. They felt threatened by Valentino's style of lovemaking. Many called him effeminate for the long robes he wore in the movie. Dick Dorgan harshly criticized Valetino in the magazine Photoplay. He thought Valentino was too pretty for a male. He even wrote a song about Valentino called "A Song of Hate!"

References 

 Leider, Emily W. Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino.

1921 romance movies
American silent movies
1920s American romance movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by George Melford
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in Algeria
Movies about interracial romance
There are not many natural freshwater lakes in Australia. This is because there was not a lot of glacial or tectonic activity in Australia.

Types
their are six main types of lake in Australia:
 coastal lakes and lagoons including perched lakes;
 natural freshwater inland lakes. These are often ephemeral and part of wetland or swamp areas;
 glacial lakes
 salt lakes, usually dry, in the flat desert regions of the country.
 lakes which have formed in the remains of volcanoes.
 lakes made for water storage and other purposes.

A list of the notable lakes in Australia includes:

Coastal lakes and lagoons

Perched lakes

Freshwater lakes

Glacial lakes

Salt lakes

Volcanic lakes

Related pages

List of reservoirs and dams in Australia

Australia
lakes
A Daughter of the Congo is a 1930 silent movie. It is a race movie. It was completely produced by blacks and intended for a black audience. It was written, directed, and produced by Oscar Micheaux. The movie is based on Henry Francis Downing's novel The American Cavalryman (1917). A Daughter of the Congo is presumed to be a lost film.

The movie stars Katherine Noisette as Lupelta, a mixed race Congolese girl. She is abducted by Arab slave traders. She is rescued by an African American military battalion. She is taken to a mission school. She becomes acquainted with Western-style civilization. She never completely loses touch with the tribal customs and influences that shaped her early years.

A Daughter of the Congo was Micheaux's last silent movie. Silent movies were considered to have little money-making value in 1930. Micheaux released the movie as a “talking, singing, dancing picture”. It only contained a single short sound sequence that included a performance of the song “That Gets It”.
Theophilus Lewis of the Amsterdam News wrote a harsh review: "The scene is laid in a not so mythical republic in Africa. Half of the characters wear European clothes and are supposed to be civilized, while the other half wear their birthday suits and some feathers and are supposed to be savages. All the noble characters are high yellows; all the ignoble ones are black. It is based on a false assumption that has no connection with the realities of life."

References

Other websites 

1930 movies
American silent movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Oscar Micheaux
Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (2 January 1884 – 25 March 1951) was an American writer, movie director and independent producer of more than 44 movies. He is regarded as the first major African-American moviemaker, and the most successful African-American moviemaker of the first half of the twentieth century. Micheaux was the most prominent producer of race movies. He produced both silent movies and "talkies".

Biography

Early years
Micheaux was born to former slaves on January 2, 1884, in Metropolis, Illinois. He passed most of his early years in Great Bend, Kansas.  He moved to Chicago when he was 17. He worked as a Pullman porter (railroad baggage handler). In 1906, he bought land in South Dakota. He homesteaded among white neighbors for eight years.
He began to write stories. In 1913, he self-published his first novel, The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Pioneer. In 1915, he had money troubles and lost his land. He moved to Sioux City, Iowa where he ran his own publishing company. In 1917, he rewrote The Conquest and published it as The Homesteader. He sold the book door-to-door in small towns.

Moviemaking
An African American movie company wanted to make a movie of The Homesteader. The company however did not want Micheaux to direct it. They would not agree to a budget that met his expectations. The deal was dropped.

Micheaux then turned his publishing company into the Micheaux Film and Book Company. He sold stock in the company to raise money for his own movie of The Homesteader, and shooting began. It was the first feature-length movie made by an African American. It was released in Chicago in 1919, and was a great success.
Micheaux's second movie was Within Our Gates. This was his response to D. W. Griffith's Birth of a Nation. Griffith's movie was about the Ku Klux Klan. It was one of the most popular movies of the day. The movie challenged Griffith's message by showing that whites were more likely to harm blacks than the other way around.

Micheaux would make more than 40 movies over the next 30 years. In 1931, his movie The Exile became the first full-length sound feature by an African American.  His last movie The Betrayal (1948) was the first movie produced by an African American­ to open in white theaters.

Death
Micheaux died on 25 March 1951 in Charlotte, North Carolina. He is buried in the Great Bend Cemetery in Great Bend, Kansas. His gravestone reads, "A Man Ahead of His Time."

In 1986, the Directors Guild of America posthumously granted Micheaux the Golden Jubilee Special Directorial Award. In 1987, he received a star on Hollywood Boulevard's Walk of Fame.