Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a drug. Dopamine is a type of brain chemical called a neurotransmitter. Dopamine has many jobs and responsibilities in the brain. Scientists think dopamine controls movement and the human sense of punishment and reward. Dopamine affects dreams, motivation, and sexual gratification, too.

A lack of dopamine is responsible for many diseases and conditions. Sometimes dopamine does not work correctly in the brain. Sometimes the brain does not have enough dopamine. Doctors prescribe dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRI's or DARI's) to help control symptoms. Psychostimulants and antidepressants are types of DRI's. DRI's help manage symptoms of ADHD, narcolepsy, Parkinson's Disease, obesity, substance abuse withdrawal and some mood disorders. Users can become addicted to DRI's sometimes.

DRI's do not have dopamine inside the pills. They help the body make more dopamine, and they change the way dopamine is re-used in the brain.

Neurology
Drugs used in psychiatry
Millettia laurentii is a legume tree that is native to central Africa. The species is listed as endangered in the IUCN Red List, mostly because people are destroying its habitat and over harvesting the tree for timber. The wood that comes from the tree is called wenge. It is a dark-coloured hardwood.

References

Wood
Faboideae
Commodore BASIC is also known as PET BASIC. It is a BASIC programming language. It was used in Commodore International's 8-bit home computers. It started with the PET computer in 1977. The last computer to use Commodore BASIC was Commodore 128 of 1985. The core was based on 6502 Microsoft BASIC. It shares many characteristics with other 6502 BASICs like Applesoft BASIC.

Commodore licensed BASIC from Microsoft on a "pay once with no royalties" basis after Jack Tramiel turned down Bill Gates' offer of a $3 per unit fee stating "I'm already married", and would pay no more than $25,000 for a perpetual license.

References

Programming languages
Commodore International
The gauss (symbol G) is the CGS unit used to measure magnetic fields. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimeter. The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit used to measure the strength of magnetic fields. There are 10,000 (104) gauss in one tesla.

The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Example values 
 10−9–10−8 gauss – the magnetic field of the human brain
 0.31–0.58 gauss – the Earth's magnetic field at its surface
 25 gauss – the Earth's magnetic field in its core 
 50 gauss – a typical refrigerator magnet
 100 gauss – a small iron magnet
 600-70,000 gauss – a medical magnetic resonance imaging machine 
 1012–1013 gauss – the magnetic field on the surface of a neutron star
 4×1013 gauss – the quantum electrodynamic threshold
 1015 gauss – the magnetic field of some newly created magnetars
 1017 gauss – the upper limit to neutron star magnetism; no known object in the universe can generate a stronger magnetic field

References
References 

Units of measurement
Magnetism
Loppers are a long-handled cutting tool.  It has two handles, one connected to a blade and the other to a blunt surface that holds the object being cut.  Like the word scissors, is always used as a plural (one pair of loppers is shown in this image). 

It is used for cutting thick plants, even saplings (young trees) or branches that are less than an inch (2.5 cm) thick (about as thick as a person's thumb).  It is used in gardening, tree care, and prairie restoration.  It can cut things that are too big for gardening clippers or pruners. If the branch or tree is too big for loppers, then a saw is needed.

Cutting tools
Gardening tools
Tiny Toon Adventures, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents Tiny Toon Adventures, is an American animated comedy sitcom adventure television series. It aired from September 14, 1990 to December 6, 1992. It follows a group of young cartoon characters who attend Acme Looniversity in the town of Acme Acres to become the next generation of Looney Tunes characters. The series premiered airs at 7:30 p.m. ET/PT time on September 24, 1999 on Cartoon Network in the United States. then in developed for 2020 as the new spin-off reboot called, Tiny Toon Looniversity by HBO MAX.

Characters

Main
Buster Bunny: (voiced by Charlie Adler from seasons 1 to 3, and by John Kassir at the end of season 3) A blue male rabbit based on Bugs Bunny.
Babs Bunny: (voiced by Tress MacNeille) A pink female rabbit based on Bugs too.
Recurring
Plucky Duck: (voiced by Joe Alaskey), A green male duck based on Daffy Duck.
Hamton J. Pig: (voiced by Don Messick), A pink male pig based on Porky Pig. 
Fifi La Fume: (voiced by Kath Soucie), A purple-and-white female skunk based on Pepé Le Pew who speaks with a French accent.
Shirley McLoon: (voiced by Gail Matthius), A white female loon based on Shirley MacLaine and Melissa Duck.
Dizzy Devil: (voiced by Maurice LaMarche), A purple Tazmanian devil based on Taz.
Furrball: (voiced by Frank Welker), A blue cat based on Sylvester the Cat.
Sweetie Bird: (voiced by Candi Milo),  A pink canary bird based on Tweety.
Others
Calamity Coyote: (voiced by Frank Welker), A bluish-gray coyote based on Wile E. Coyote. 
Elmyra Duff: (voiced by Cree Summer) A redheaded girl based on Elmer Fudd who wears a blue blouse, a white skirt, black shoes, and a blue bow with a skull at the center. She is the show's female villain. She cares for animals in selfish ways.
Montana Max: (voiced by Danny Cooksey), A young, brown-haired boy based on Yosemite Sam. He is loud, has a bad temper, and loves money. He is the show's male villain.
Gogo Dodo: (voiced by Frank Welker),  A green male dodo based on Yoyo Dodo. 
Little Beeper: (voiced by Frank Welker) A red and orange feathered roadrunner.
International Broadcast
 : Cartoon Network
 : Spacetoon
 : KiKA
 : Smurfy Animation Studios TV
 : YTV, CBC and Nickelodeon
 : MTV Juniori and Toon Disney
 : TV Tokyo and Toon Disney
 : Nickelodeon and Toon Disney
 : Minimax and Toon Disney
  Latin America: Cartoon Network
 : SBT
 : Canal Panda
 : OUFTivi and Toon Disney
 : TF!
 :
Chutti TV and Cartoon Network (India)

Other websites

''Tiny Toon Adventures at the Internet Movie Database
Tiny Toon Wiki

1990 American television series debuts
Animated television series
Looney Tunes
Cartoon Network series
Spacetoon shows
First run syndicated television programs
1992 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Pruners are a cutting tool for pruning plants. A common form is held in one hand; it is also called snippers or secateurs.  It has two handles, one connected to a blade and the other to a blunt surface.  Like the word scissors, pruners is used as a plural.

A pole pruner is like a pair of pruners, but at the end of a pole. It is operated by pulling on a rope.

Pruners are used for cutting plants and small branches, such as roses and grapevines. Stems thicker than a pencil will need to be cut with loppers or a saw instead.

Cutting tools
Gardening tools
Mount Morris is a mountain in the far north of South Australia. It is about  high, and is the second-highest peak in South Australia after nearby Mount Woodroffe (1,435 m). Both are in the Musgrave Ranges, near the border with the Northern Territory. The rock is mostly made up of granite.

Mount Morris is located about  west of the community of Amaṯa. It was given its name by the explorer William Gosse, who first saw it in July 1873.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Mount Crombie () is a mountain in the northwest of South Australia. It is a  outcrop of granitic rock. It is located about  south of Amaṯa. The mountain is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people, and there are several examples of rock art in the area.

The last recorded specimen of the lesser stick-nest rat, which used to be found throughout central Australia, was captured here in 1933.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Mount Kintore is an inselberg in northwest South Australia. It is about  above sea level. It is located about halfway between the remote communities of Amaṯa and Watarru. The mountain is made up mostly of metamorphic beds of gneisses and quartzite, which are split with diorite dykes. The beds have been thrown into a series of simple folds. These can be clearly seen on the northern face of the mountain. The rock has been weathered into ridges, and heavy erosion can be seen along the folds. At the western end of the mountain, the gneiss is replaced by granite.

Mount Kintore is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people. An important rock hole is located about  to the west, called Kunamata.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Prairie restoration is a type of habitat conservation, for prairies and habitats that lived alongside prairies.  It is the act of restoring land that was once native prairie to how it once was.  In North America this is usually defined as pre-settlement, meaning before Europeans arrived.  Much of this land is good for farming and has been plowed for planting crops or turned into pastures.  In Illinois, there was once 22 million acres (9 million hectares), now there are less than 2300 acres (920 hectares) of high-quality original prairie remaining.

Invasive plants and trees
Invasive species are a big problem with prairies.  Since fires cannot burn freely, many new species are taking over, and preventing sunlight from reaching shorter plants.  In the United States, European buckthorn is a common problem.  Garlic mustard is another.  Often areas that once held a hundred different species of plants now only has three or four species.

Restoration techniques
Controlled burns
Weeding
Brush cutting
Seed collecting
Sowing

References

ecosystems
Conservation
Mount Sir Thomas is a mountain in northwest South Australia. It in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area, about  southwest of Watarru. It is in the Birksgate Range, which is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people. An important rock hole is located near the base of the mountain, called  (sometimes written ), meaning "Emu Water". It is a major sacred site for the  (Emu Dreaming).

The mountain was given the name "Sir Thomas" by a team of European explorers in 1891. They were on the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition, which travelled across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. The mountain was named after Sir Thomas Elder, the philanthropist who funded and equipped the expedition. The surrounding range is named after Elder's home in Adelaide, a large house called "Birksgate". Mount Lindsay, to the northeast, was named after the leader of the expedition, David Lindsay.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Salvation history, especially in the context of Christian theology, is an approach to understand events as part of the working of God's will to save humans.

These events begin with the Fall of Man at the beginning of history (Book of Genesis) and include the covenants between God and Noah, Abraham, and Moses, the establishment of King David's dynasty etc. 

These and others are seen as necessary preparations for the salvation (Christianity) of all by Christ's crucifixion and resurrection.

Related pages 
 Resurrection
 Judgment
 Eschatology
 Apocalypse
 Salvation (Christianity)
 Soteriology

Christian theology
Sir Thomas Elder (August 5, 1817—March 6, 1897) was a Scottish businessman who moved to South Australia and set up the largest wool selling company in the world.

Elder came to South Australia in 1854. He worked with his brother George, and then became a business partners with Edward Stirling, Robert Barr Smith and John Taylor. They spent money setting up the copper mines at Moonta and Wallaroo which made them all very rich. When Stirling and Taylor retired, Elder and Smith became Elder Smith and Company. This company became the biggest wool selling company in the world.
Elder spent money buying large properties for sheep in outback South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia. Some of these included Paratoo, Umberatana, Mount Lyndhurst, Blanchewater and Beltana. He had ridden camels while on holiday in Palestine, and thought they would be good for use in the Australian deserts. He brought 124 camels and Afghan people to breed camels at Beltana. These were used for the building of the Australian Overland Telegraph. Elder provided money and camels for exploration by Peter Egerton Warburton (1872-73), Ernest Giles (1875), John Ross (1874), Lewis (1875), and the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (1891).

He became a member of the South Australian Parliament Legislative Council in 1863-69 and 1871-78. He became interested in horse racing and set up stables at Morphetville. He built a grand Scottish style house at Mount Lofty, which was where he died in 1897.
He was a very rich man, and gave money to many organizations in South Australia. This included £26,000 for the University of Adelaide, £20,000 for mathematics and general science, £31,000 to the Medical School, and £21,000 to the School of Music. In his will he gave £10,000 to the Presbyterian Church, £4000 for the Church of England cathedral, £4000 for the Methodist Prince Alfred College, £25,000 to set up a Working Men's Home, and £16,000 to the hospital.

References

1818 births
1897 deaths
Australian businesspeople
People from Adelaide
Scottish businesspeople
Malik Mir Sultan Khan (1905 – 25 April 1966) was the strongest chess master of his time from Asia. He was a manservant from British India who travelled with his master, Colonel Nawab Sir Umar Hayat Khan, to Britain, where he took the chess world by storm.

In an international chess career of less than five years (1929–33), he won the British Chess Championship three times in four tries (1929, 1932, 1933), and had tournament and match results that put him among the top ten players in the world. Sir Umar then brought him back to his homeland, where he gave up chess and returned to his humble life. He has been called "perhaps the greatest natural player of modern times". He was generally recognised as a grandmaster, but when FIDE took over control of chess, he was forgotten. At the FIDE 1948 meeting, a number of former players were given retrospective titles, but not Khan.
Sultan Khan learned the Indian form of chess from his father at the age of nine. This was a form of chess which was similar to modern chess, but still had some features of the old Arabic chess. The main feature was that pawns did not move two squares on their first move. Therefore, the role of opening theory was less important, and gemes developed more slowly.

By the time Sultan Khan was 21 he was the strongest player in the Punjab. At that time, Sir Umar took him into his household with the idea of teaching him the European version of the game and introducing him to European master chess. In 1928, he won the all-India championship, scoring eight wins, one draw, and no losses.
After some training with British masters, Khan entered the British Chess Championship. To everyone's surprise, he won. Next year, in May 1930, Sultan Khan began an international chess career in which he defeated many of the world's leading players. His best results were second to Savielly Tartakower at Liège 1930; third at the Hastings International Chess Congress  1930–31 behind future World Champion Max Euwe and former World Champion José Raúl Capablanca;  fourth at Hastings 1931–32; fourth at Bern 1932; and a tie for third with at London 1932, behind World Champion Alexander Alekhine and Salo Flohr.

Sultan Khan again won the British Championship in 1932 and 1933. In matches he defeated Tartakower in 1931 (four wins, five draws, and three losses) and narrowly lost to Flohr in 1932 (one win, three draws, and two losses).
Sultan Khan played three times on first board for England at Chess Olympiads. At the 3rd Chess Olympiad, Hamburg 1930, he scored nine wins, four draws, and four losses (64.7%). At the 4th Chess Olympiad, Prague 1931, he faced a much stronger field. He had an outstanding result, scoring eight wins, seven draws, and two losses (67.6%). This included wins against Flohr and Akiba Rubinstein, and draws with Alekhine, Kashdan, Ernst Grünfeld, Gideon Ståhlberg, and Efim Bogolyubov.  At the 5th Chess Olympiad, Folkestone 1933, he had his worst result, an even score, winning four games, drawing six, and losing four. Once again, his opponents included the world's best players, such as Alekhine, Flohr, Kashdan, Tartakower, Grünfeld, Ståhlberg, and Lajos Steiner.

In December 1933, Sir Umar took him back to India. In 1935, he won a match against V.K. Khadilkar, yielding just one draw in ten games. After that, he was never heard of by the chess world again.

References 

1905 births
1966 deaths
Chess players
The Watarru Indigenous Protected Area is an area of 1.2 million hectares in the north west corner of South Australia. It is in the Great Victoria Desert. It is the traditional land of the Pitjantjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra and Yankunytjatjara peoples. These people are known as Anangu.

The area was made an Indigenous Protected Area in June 2000. It is managed by the Anangu according to their traditional laws and practices known as Tjukurpa. The environment has not been damaged by cattle grazing or other farming practices. The Anangu are working with scientists to develop ways of dealing with feral animals including cats, foxes and camels.

References

Other websites
Profile  on the Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Project

Protected areas of South Australia
Indigenous Protected Areas
2000 establishments in Australia
An Indigenous Protected Area, or IPA, is an area of land or sea owned by the Indigenous peoples of Australia. In an IPA the owners have made an agreement with the Australian Government to protect biodiversity and cultural resources.

There are over 50 IPAs covering an area of more than 36 million hectares. It is planned to increase this area by another 8 million hectares by 2018. In July 2012, the southern Tanami Indigenous Protected Area was declared, covering 10 million hectares in the Northern Territory. This is the traditional home of the Warlpairi, and includes the communities of Yuendumu, Willowra and Nyrripi.

Each IPA is managed by its traditional owners. Plants, animals and cultural sites are protected. The owners work with the government to control weeds, feral animals, bushfires, and visitors.

References
Virginia Bruce (September 29, 1910 - February 24, 1982) was an American actress who played in movies and television. She was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She died from cancer, aged 71, in California.

American movie actors
Actors from Minnesota
1910 births
1982 deaths
The Military radio station of Pierre-sur-Haute is a  site used for French military communications. It is located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It also hosts a civilian radio relay, which is used by Télédiffusion de France.

In the beginning of 2013, the radio station became famous world-wide after the French intelligence agency Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (DCRI) reportedly attempted to have the article removed from the French Wikipedia. This request was denied by the Wikimedia Foundation in March 2013. After this denial, the DCRI had forced a contributor to the French Wikipedia to remove it leading to world-wide media coverage. The deleted French Wikipedia article was soon restored, because there were no reasons for deletion according to the Wikipedia standards visible. Meanwhile, the article has been translated into 23 other languages, still counting.
History 
In 1913, a semaphore telegraph was built where the military radio station is now. At the time, it was only a small stone building, with the semaphore on top.

In 1961, NATO asked the French army to extend the site. Since then, it is one of the 82 NATO transmission stations in Europe. This network is known as ACE High system. In this network, the Pierre-sur-Haute station, served as a relay between the Lachens station to the south, and the Mont-Août  station to the north. It used four 10 kW transmitters and sixteen receivers. In 1974, the French Air Force took control of the station. In 1988, NATO began to decommission the ACE High system.
Importance
The site is owned by the French Air Force. It is controlled from a site near Lyon, about  away. It has a heliport, and is accessible by helicopter. There is also a private road, which starts at the Col du Béal. This road cannot be used when there is heavy snow of more than . Another option is using a hiking trail, which can be used by tracked vehicles. Since the site is of strategic importance to the French army, it has been "hardened". This means that it has its own power supply and can withstand an attack.

There are about twenty people on site. The main purpose of the site is to analyse and relay signals.

References

Buildings and structures in France
Military of France
Radio stations in France
Loire (department)
Puy-de-Dôme
The Seattle Metropolitans were an American professional ice hockey team in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHL), based in Seattle, Washington from 1915 to 1924. 

In 1917, The Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Stanley Cup when they defeated the Montreal Canadiens 3 games to 1. They played their home game at the Seattle Ice Arena.

Other websites
Metropolitans  on seattlehockey.net
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct sports teams
Sports in Seattle
1915 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1924 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Washington (state)
Ice hockey teams in the United States‎
Edward William Brooke III (October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American politician. He was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican from Massachusetts in 1966. He beat his Democratic rival Endicott Peabody by many votes. 

He served for two terms, and lost to Paul Tsongas in the 1978 Senate election. Brooke was the oldest living former Senator since Harry F. Byrd, Jr.'s death on July 30, 2013.

Early life
Brooke was born on October 26, 1919 in Washington, D.C. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and Boston, Massachusetts. Brooke studied at Howard University and the Boston University School of Law. He was a United States Army officer in Italy during Wold War II.

Career
Brooke was the first African-American politician to be popularly elected to the Senate. He was the only person of African heritage sent to the Senate in the 20th century until Democrat Carol Moseley Braun of Illinois in 1993. Brooke was also the first African-American senator since the Reconstruction Era.
Brooke was the last Republican Senator elected from Massachusetts until Scott Brown was elected in 2010. Brooke was also the oldest living former Republican Senator and oldest living former Senator after the death of Harry F. Byrd, Jr. in July 2013. Byrd was Senator around the same time as Brooke.

Personal life 
He married Remigia Ferrari-Scacco in 1947. They had two children. They divorced in 1979. He married Ann Fleming in 1979. Their marriage would last until Brooke's death in 2015. They had one child. He wrote a book about his life, Bridging the Divide: My Life, in 2007. He lived in Coral Gables, Florida.

In September 2002, he was diagnosed with breast cancer. He worked at raising awareness of the disease among men.

Death 
On January 3, 2015, Brooke died at his home in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 95 from natural causes.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Edward Brooke's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Edward W. Brooke Charter School A public charter school founded in Senator Brooke's honor, dedicated to building great teachers and closing the achievement gap.

Congressional Gold Medal recipients
1919 births
2015 deaths
African-American military personnel
African American politicians
American military personnel of World War II
Politicians from Boston
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
United States senators from Massachusetts
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Washington, D.C.
Brandon Saad (born October 27, 1992, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 43rd overall pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Saad scored his first career NHL goal on February 5, 2013, against Antti Niemi of the San Jose Sharks. Before going to the NHL, he played 2 seasons with the Saginaw Spirit of the Ontario Hockey League. He won the gold medal with the United States at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 30, 2015, the Blackhawks traded Saad along with Alex Broadhurst and Michael Paliotta, to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Jeremy Morin, Marko Daňo, Artem Anisimov, Corey Tropp and a fourth-round draft pick in 2016.

References
References

Other websites

1992 births
American ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Living people
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Stanley Cup champions
United States Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Harry Flood Byrd, Jr. (December 20, 1914 – July 30, 2013) was an American  politician. He represented Virginia in the United States Senate from 1965 to 1983. 

Byrd was born in Winchester, Virginia. He served in the United States Army during World War II from 1941 to 1945.

Byrd is best known for leaving the Democratic Party in 1971 and becoming an Independent, although he continued to support the Democratic Party and would call himself an Independent Democrat. He is the son of Harry F. Byrd, Sr., whom he replaced as senator. He retired in 1982.

Byrd died from heart disease at the age of 98 on July 30, 2013.

Early life
Byrd was born on December 20, 1914 in Winchester, Virginia. He studied at the Virginia Military Institute and at the University of Virginia.

Career
Career

Byrd served in the Senate of Virginia from 1948 to November 1965. In November 1965, Byrd's father resigned from the U.S. Senate for health reasons. At Harry, Sr.'s suggestion, Harry, Jr. was appointed to succeed him by Virginia Governor Albertis S. Harrison Jr.. He won a special election as a Democrat to serve the remainder of his father's term in 1966.

Byrd was the first Independent politician to be elected to the U.S. Senate by a majority of the popular vote.

In 1971, Byrd proposed a bill to allow the importation of various metals from Rhodesia. This was called the Byrd Amendment. It went against the position of the President and the United Nations Security Council. They didn't allow most forms of trade or financial exchange with Rhodesia, which had a white-controlled government. The bill passed. It allowed Rhodesia to trade with the U.S. until it was repealed in 1977.
Byrd easily won reelection in 1976. He defeated Democrat Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. The Republicans concentrated in carrying Virginia knstead of running a candidate that year.

Even as a senator, Byrd wrote regular editorial content for his newspapers. His writing mixed journalism and politics. Two months after his death, Byrd left $760,000 in his will to newspaper employees in his hometown of Winchester.

Retirement
Byrd did not run for reelection in 1982. He moved back to his hometown of Winchester. He was succeeded by U.S. Representative Paul S. Trible, Jr.. Trible served only one term and did not seek reelection in 1988.

Personal life
Byrd married Gretchen Bigelow Thomson in 1941. They had three children. Thomson died in 1989. Byrd lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia.
Longevity
On October 20, 2009, retired U.S. Senator Clifford P. Hansen died. After that, Byrd was the oldest living former senator until his death in 2013 at the age of 98. Former United States Senator of Massachusetts Edward Brooke became the oldest living former Senator.

Death
On July 30, 2013, Byrd died at his home in Winchester, Virginia. He died from heart disease. He was 98.

References

Other websites

 Former Sen. Harry Byrd Jr. of Virginia dies at Fox News.com 
 Harry F. Byrd Jr., former Virginia senator, dies at 98  at The Columbus Dispatch.com
 Harry F. Byrd Jr., former U.S. senator from Va., dies at 98 at Washington Post.com
 Harry F. Byrd Jr. dies at 98; former Virginia senator at LA Times.com

1914 births
2013 deaths
United States senators from Virginia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Independent politicians in the United States
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae).

He was born on 7 January 1794 in Brno, a city in Moravia that in those years was part of the Austrian Empire and that now is part of the Czech Republic. As a young boy, he came to live in Vienna, where his father was the chief gardener of the botanical garden of the university.

He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a student of the botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766-1839). In 1815 he became gardener at the garden for the Austrian flora at the Belveder palace.

He was a participant in the Austrian Brazil Expedition from 1817 to 1821. While in Brazil from mid-1817 through 1821, Schott established and managed an introduction garden for accustoming living plants to more temperate climates in order to have them brought to Europe at a later date, made field trips, and prepared many notes concerning the plants and animals he saw.
In 1821 Schott returned to Vienna, where he worked as gardener again. In 1828 he was appointed Hofgärtner (Royal Gardener) in Vienna, later serving as director of the Imperial Gardens at Schönbrunn Palace (1845). In 1852 he was in charge of transforming part of palace gardens in the fashion of an English garden. He also enriched the Viennese court gardens with his collections from Brazil.

He was interested in plants that grow in high mountains, above the tree line, He developed a garden with that kind of plants (an alpine garden) at Belvedere in Vienna.

He died at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, on 5 March 1865.

Publications
Publications 

 Meletemata botanica (with Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher), 1832
 Rutaceae. Fragmenta botanica, 1834
 Genera filicum, 84 pp. 1834–1836
 Aroideae, 1853-1857
 Analecta botanica (with Theodor Kotschy and Carl Fredrik Nyman), 70 pp. 1854
 Synopsis Aroidearum complectens enumerationem systematicam generum at specierum hujus ordinis, 148 pp. 1856
 Icones Aroidearum, 1857
 Genera Aroidearum Exposita, 1858
 Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum, 1860

Species named for Schott
Other botanists named plants in honour of Schott; some of them are:
 (Acanthaceae) Aphelandra schottiana'''' (Nees) Profice
 (Acanthaceae) Schaueria schottii Nees
 (Agavaceae) Agave schottii Engelm.
 (Apiaceae) Dichoropetalum schottii (Besser ex DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
 (Rubiaceae) Uragoga schottiana (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
 (Trigoniaceae) Trigonia schottiana Turcz.
 (Verbenaceae) Stachytarpheta schottiana'' Schauer

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites
 The Botanical Art of Schott's Aroideae Maximilianae by Scott Hyndman
 Deutsche Biographie Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm (biography).

1794 births
1865 deaths
Austrian botanists
People from Brno
Kol Yisrael (; lit. "Voice of Israel", also "Israel Radio") is the national radio station in Israel. It is operated under the the country's public broadcasting service. "Kan Reka" is one of Kol Yisrael's radio stations, and is broadcasting in 10 languages, including English, Spanish, Russian and more.

Other websites 
Kan REKA - the international radio station of Kol Israel.

Radio stations
Mass media in Israel
1947 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Israel
Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA; , ) is the public broadcasting authority of Israel. It is in charge of radio and television in Israel.

Other websites 
 Official site  
 IBA World. Israel Radio foreign languages network REKA. Also has link to Reshet Hey Persian broadcast, now that www.intkolisrael.com no longer exists. 
 Israel Educational Television 
 Article on IBA English-language IBA programming

Television
Mass media in Israel
Mount Carmel is a mountain in northern Israel. The mountain is a north-west branch from the Samaria Mountains to Haifa and the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Haifa is located at the base of the mountain and the connection to the sea. The mountain is  above sea level. The  Bahá'í World Centre is located on Mount Carmel. The Carmelit funicular metro and the Cable cars in Haifa, provide public transport between the mountain base and the mountain top.

The name in Hebrew is  (), which means "God's vineyard". In Arabic it is ,  or  , "Mount Saint Elias".

Other websites 

Mount Carmel - BiblePlaces.com , pictures and text illuminating the biblical site

Biosphere reserves
Carmel
Parks in Israel
Haifa
Mount Tabor ( , ) is a mountain in northern Israel, in the Galilee Mountains in the eastern edge of the Jezreel Valley. Mount Tabor is  above sea level.

Other websites

Mountains of Israel
Northern District (Israel)‎
Coolbool Creek is an archaeological site site near the Wakool River in New South Wales, Australia. It is about half way between Swan Hill and Deniliquin. The site is near Doherty's Hut at Coobool Crossing, although the exact spot is unknown. 

G. M. Black found 126 skulls at the site in 1950. It has been difficult to give an exact age for the skulls, but one has been dated to 14,300 years ago. Some of the skulls also show artificial cranial deformation. The age, location, and deformities make the site similar to another Pleistocene site at Kow Swamp. Some scientists have said that this shows they were part of the same population, but others have disagreed. Because Coolbool Creek skulls were found on the surface it is difficult to date them, and other scientists have argued that they might be much older.

The skulls were kept at the University of Melbourne until 1984. They were returned to the local Aboriginal communities and reburied.

References
References

Archaeological sites in Australia
History of Australia
New South Wales
The Brontotheriidae, also called Titanotheriidae, is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla. This is the order that includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. On the outside, Brontotheres looked rather like rhinos, but they were actually more closely related to horses. They lived around 56–34 million years ago, until the end of the Eocene.

Later brontotheres were huge, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in height with bizarre horn-like skull appendages.

Odd-toed ungulates
Brandon Bollig (born January 31, 1987, in Saint Charles, Missouri) is an American retired professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was not drafted by a team but the Blackhawks signed Bollig to a two-year entry-level contract and put him on their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. He played 2 seasons with the IceHogs and was called up to the Blackhawks on February 28, 2012. He scored his first NHL goal on April 14, 2012, against Mike Smith of the Phoenix Coyotes in a playoff game. Bollig also portrayed Will Cross, age 12 in the 2002 film Defiance. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 28, 2014 at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, the Blackhawks traded Bollig to the Calgary Flames in exchange for the 83rd overall pick in the draft.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1987 births
American ice hockey left wingers
Calgary Flames players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Milwaukee Admirals players
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Sportspeople from Missouri
Stanley Cup champions
Stockton Heat players
American Hockey League players
United States Hockey League players
The Birksgate Range is a scattered group of mountains in the northwest of South Australia. It is on the northeast edges of the Great Victoria Desert. It spreads for about  from Iltur in the southeast to Watarru in the northwest. The northern portion of it is protected in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area. The range consists of granitic rock protrusions that have been weathered into rounded and rugged hills. They are not visibly connected to each other. Each are separated by flat plains and sand dunes. The mountains are fairly low in elevation; they are highest at the northern end.
Prominent peaks in the range include the following: Mounts Lindsay (819 m) and Wooltarlinna are at the northeastern end of the range, near Watarru. Further southwest are Mounts Holder and Sir Thomas (773 m). From here the range spreads southeast along the edge of the desert and the hills generally become lower and more widely dispersed. Mount Poondinna (678 m) is the highest peak in the central part of the range. Mounts Cheesman and Yaroona (also spelled Yaruna) are further to the southeast. The southern end of the range is at Iltur (Coffin Hill).

The Birksgate Range was named by the explorer David Lindsay, who led the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. He named the range for the man who funded and equipped their expedition, Sir Thomas Elder. "Birksgate" was the name of Elder's house in Adelaide.

References

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of South Australia
The NES Zapper is a light gun accessory for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It was released with the console's launch in North America in 1985. It allows players to aim at the screen and hit targets such as ducks, clay pigeons, and criminals. To hit targets, players have to point the device at the television and pull the trigger. It is used on supported NES games such as Duck Hunt and Wild Gunman. It looks like a futuristic science fiction ray gun with the colors matching the NES console. The Zapper can only be used on CRT displays and will not work on LCDs, plasma displays or other flat panel displays due to display lag.

Nintendo hardware
Android Package Kit (APK) is the file format that software for Android is distributed in. It is an extension of the ZIP file format. An APK file contains bitcode for Android's Dalvik Virtual machine, resources used by the program (such as images and sounds), and sometimes native executable code, usually for the ARM processor.

Google
Computer file formats
The Yuki are a Native American group of California. Their traditional territory is around Round Valley, in what is now Mendocino County. The Yuki call themselves the Ukomno'm, meaning "Valley People." European Americans learned and adopted the name "Yuki" from the their neighbours, the Nomlaki, who called them "enemy" in the Wintu language. "Yuki" is an exonym, a name by another group.

References

Native Americans
Ethnic groups in the United States
Mendocino County, California
David Johnny Oduya (born October 1, 1981) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Dallas Stars. He has also played for the New Jersey Devils, Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, and Chicago Blackhawks.

He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 221st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He first played in the NHL for the New Jersey Devils. He played 4 seasons with the Devils before he was traded to the Atlanta Thrashers on February 4, 2010 along with Niclas Bergfors, Patrice Cormier and a 1st round draft pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft for Ilya Kovalchuk and Anssi Salmela. He played 3 seasons with the Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets and was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2nd round pick and a 3rd round pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On July 15, 2015, Oduya signed a two-year contract with the Dallas Stars.
References

Other websites

1992 births
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey defencemen
Living people
Moncton Wildcats players
New Jersey Devils players
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish Hockey League players
Swedish ice hockey defencemen
Victoriaville Tigres players
Winnipeg Jets players
The Judaean Mountains, ( "Harei Yehuda";   Jibal al-Khalil), also known as the Judaean Hills and Hebron Hills, is a mountain range in Israel and Palestine. It spreads across the borders of Israel and the West Bank, where Jerusalem and several other ancient cities are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,000 metres above sea level.

Mountains 
Around Jerusalem
 Temple Mount
 Mount of Olives
 Mount Scopus
 Mount Zion
 Har Nof
 Mount Herzl
 Mount of Rest
 Mount Hotzvim

References

Other websites

 Pictures
 Judaean Mountains & Jerusalem
 Symbolism and Landscape: The Etzion Bloc in the Judaean Mountains, Yossi Katz and John C. Lehr

Mountain ranges of Asia
Mountains of Israel
Mountains of Palestine
West Bank
The Mount of Temptation is said to be the hill in the Judean Desert where Jesus was tempted by Satan. The exact location is unknown. It is generally identified with Mount Quarantania, a limestone mountain about 366 metres (1,200 feet) high, located about  northwest of the town of Jericho.

References 

Temptation
West Bank
Gospels
Jesus
Black Gives Way to Blue is the fourth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. Black Gives Way to Blue was released on September 25, 2009. The album featured the singles "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision" and "Lesson Learned". It has sold a million copies around the world.

Black Gives Way to Blue was the first Alice in Chains album to feature new vocalist/guitarist William DuVall, who took over after the death of former lead singer Layne Staley. The album was also the first studio album made by Alice in Chains since their self-titled album was released in 1995. It is the band's first album to be released on Virgin Records.

The album got mainly good reviews. It was voted number 2 in Kerrang!'s top twenty albums of 2009.

Music videos were released for  "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision", "Acid Bubble" which is available as an interactive video on AliceinChains.com), "Last of My Kind" and "Lesson Learned".
The song "Check My Brain" was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2010 Grammy Awards. Their song "A Looking in View" was also nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.

Songs

References

Other websites
Black Gives Way to Blue at Allmusic

2009 albums
Alice in Chains albums
Hard rock albums
Heavy metal albums
The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here is the fifth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here was released on May 28, 2013. The album features the singles "Hollow", "Stone", and "Voices".

Guitarist Jerry Cantrell said about the album, "I don't think you'll be surprised by anything you hear. ... It's us. But it's also really unique. It's got all the elements of any record we've put out, but it's unlike any record we've put out. Basically, it's the next chapter in the Alice in Chains book, and it's going to be a big one."

Songs

References

Other websites
The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here at Allmusic

2013 albums
Alice in Chains albums
Tipu Sultan (1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799),  is also known as the mysoor, was the ruler of the Mysore from 1782 to 1799. He was also a scholar, soldier and poet. Tipu was the eldest son of Sultan Hyder Ali and his wife Fathima Fakhr-un-Nisar. Tipu Sultan was born in Devanahalli in 1751. The birthplace of Tipu Sultan, located very close to the Devanahalli Fort is just a small pillared closed place with a stone tablet which declares the place to be the birthplace of Tipu Sultan. The area around the place  is known as Khas Bagh.

Tipu sultan introduced several new laws, including new coinage, a new lunisolar calendar and a new land revenue system. He(Tipu sultan) started the growth of the silk industry in Mysore.  At the request of the French, he built a church, the first in Mysore. With French help, Tipu Sultan fought against the British to keep Mysore's independence.His ancestors were Jutt (Chikkara Gotra) from Jaunti Village in Delhi
History of Tipu Sultan 
Tipu sultan was born in the Bangalore area of devanto Hyder Ali, a military officer and practical ruler of the kingdom of Mysore in the year 1751.  His Father & Mother  named their baby Fateh Ali but after called him Tipu  after the local saint Tipu Mastan Aulia.Soon, Hyder Ali’s career progressed and in 1761 he became the ruler of Mysore. Hyder Ali had a political alliance with the French, and Tipu studied military tactics and strategies from the French.

He had some of the best tutors to teach him various subjects like shooting, riding and swordsmanship and joined his father in the 1766 invasion of Malabar. Tipu at age 15 with a force of only two to three thousand men captured the family of the Malabar chief. The Malabar ruler surrendered to Hyder Ali because of Tipu’s successful invasion.
Ghazi Khan, a high officer in the military of Hyder Ali and a great warrior himself, tutored Tipu Sultan. This military education made Tipu a great soldier and a general.Tipu sultan died in 4th Anglo Mysore war

Ruler of Mysore 
After Hyder Ali died in the year 1782, Tipu became the new ruler of Mysore. He had already fought in two victorious wars – the First Anglo Mysore and the Second Anglo Mysore War, under the leadership of his father. He knew that British forces were a great threat to his kingdom. He therefore focused more on military advances especially Mysorean rockets which were successfully used by his father in the Second Anglo Mysore War against the British.
Mysore Rockets 
Mysorean missiles were iron cased rockets fitted with swords in them. These rockets used to travel long, covering various kilometres up in the air before launching down – attacking the enemies with swords. Although there were missiles in the Europe, Mysorean Missiles became famous due to their coverage and destructive capacity. Hyder Ali’s Mysore rockets, undoubtedly, were very advanced missiles than what the British had seen. Tipu Sultan had written a Military Manual Fathul Mujahidin in which he explained the operation of these Mysore Rockets. This was mainly due to the strong iron tubes which were used for holding the rocket propellant. They enabled greater thrust and extended distance up to 2 km.
In the year 1801, several of the Mysore rockets were sent to England in the Royal Arsenal lab for R&D by Col. (Later Sir) William Congreve. Roughly, 4 years later in the year 1805, Royal Arsenal came up with their first Congreve rocket only due to the Technology devised by Haider Ali and his son Tipu Sultan. These Congreve Rockets helped the British troops in the Napoleonic Wars and also in the War of 1812. Not to forget, the Battle of Baltimore in the year 1814 was won mainly due to these rockets.

Palaces of Tipu Sultan across Bangalore 
Bangalore Fort though built by Kempe Gowda of Vijaynagar Empire in the 16th century, was renovated and made into a stone fort by Hyder Ali in 1761. At one point in time when the British bombed the fort, Tipu Sultan repaired it completely. However, the fort was captured by the British after the third Anglo Mysore War. Currently, Delhi Gate and remnants of bastions are the only two parts remaining of this once so powerful fort.
Within the Bangalore fort, there is a palace made of wood famously known as Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace. Though started during the period of Hyder Ali, its building ended during the reign of Tipu Sultan. An example of Indo-Islamic architecture, the walls of the palace are embellished by pretty flower motifs. Currently, the fort is a tourist place in Bangalore near the Kalasipalyam Bus Stand.

Tipu Sultan in his tenure also finished the construction of Lal Bagh Botanical Garden in the Bangalore area which was started by his father Haider Ali. The garden has a large collection of tropical plants as well as a lake and an aquarium. Located in South Bangalore, it is one of the major hot spot of Bangalore. The garden is made in the Mughal style and comprises several plants and trees from various nations.