Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Versions 

The movies Meliès did before 1903 were often pirated by  American producers. This is especially true for his popular movie A Trip to the Moon.  To fight against this product piracy, Méliès opened an American branch of his Star Film Company. He began producing two negatives of each movie he made: one for home markets, and one for foreign release. To produce the two separate negatives, Méliès built a special camera that used two lenses and two reels of film.
In the 2000s, researchers at the French film company Lobster Films noticed that Méliès's two-lens system was a fully functional, stereo film camera.  3D versions of Meliè' movies could e made by combining the domestic and foreign prints of the film. Serge Bromberg, the founder of Lobster Films, presented 3D versions of The Infernal Cauldron and another 1903 Méliès film, The Oracle of Delphi, at a January 2010 presentation at the Cinémathèque Française. According to the film critic Kristin Thompson, "the effect of 3D was delightful … the films as synchronized by Lobster looked exactly as if Méliès had designed them for 3D." Bromberg screened both films again—as well as the 1906 Méliès film The Mysterious Retort, similarly prepared for 3D—at a September 2011 presentation at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

References

Other websites 
 

1903 movies
French horror movies
French silent movies
Imogen or Imogene [ im-uh-jeen ] is an English first name. Imogen is an exquisite name that has been increasingly popular in modern times. The name boasts a noteworthy heritage and profound significance. Imogen has its roots in the Celtic culture and signifies "maiden" or "innocent." The name has been in use for centuries and has been linked to many notable figures across history. The first recorded use of the name is under the English playwright William Shakespeare. It is chiefly used as a given name in several countries. They include Canada, the United States, Ireland, Australia and South Africa.

People 

 Imogen Poots, British actress
 Imogen Heap, British musician
 Imogen Hassall, English actress (1942-1980)

Imogen or Imogene was used on several celebrities, including Imogene Coca and Imogen Hassall.

References

Given names
Since Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar's conversion, several thousand people from different castes have converted to Buddhism in ceremonies including the twenty-two vows.

List of Buddhist conversions 
In 1956, Ambedkar adopted Buddhism with lakhs of people as "Dalits' path to liberation". Therefore, there is a lot of interest towards Buddhism among the Indian society especially Dalits. Being influenced by Ambedkar, every year thousands of people accept Buddhism. Most of the converts have come from Hindu Dalit community, who consider Ambedkar as their Messiah or liberator. Influenced by Ambedkar, many famous people have embraced Buddhism, including people like Mallikarjun Kharge, Ramdas Athawale, Udit Raj, Laxman Mane, Poolan Devi, Sushma Andhare, Eknath Awad, etc.

References

Buddhism
B. R. Ambedkar
Religion in India
Hinduism
Religious behavior and experience
Michael Eugene Gale (July 18, 1950 – July 31, 2020) was an American basketball player. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Gale played in the National Basketball Association and American Basketball Association. He played for the Kentucky Colonels (1971–1974), the New York Nets (1974–1975), the San Antonio Spurs (1975–1980), the Portland Trail Blazers (1980–1981), and the Golden State Warriors (1981–1982).  

Gale died on July 31, 2020 at the age of 70.

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
New Jersey Nets players
Portland Trail Blazers players
San Antonio Spurs players
Golden State Warriors players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Alex Dupont (30 June 1954 -  1 August 2020) was a French football manager and former player.

He coached Dunkerque, Charleville, Boulogne, Gueugnon, with whom he won the Coupe de la Ligue in 2000, Sedan, Laval, Amiens.

He managed Brest beginning in 2009, when he took over Gérald Baticle.

He died on 1 August 2020.

References

1954 births
2020 deaths
Footballers from Nord
French football managers
Association football midfielders
People from Dunkirk
Helena Žigon (13 April 1928 – 30 July 2020) was a Slovenian long-distance runner between 1946 and 2014.

She was the oldest Slovenian runner who ran all Ljubljana Marathons. She ran the half marathon in Istrian on her 86th birthday.

Žigon died on 30 July 2020, aged 92.

References

Slovenian sportspeople
Long-distance runners
1928 births
2020 deaths
Yugoslavian athletes
Jorge Santibáñez Ceardi (1 March 1934 – 30 July 2020) was a Chilean politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Party. He was a Deputy from 1965 to 1973. He was Mayor of Viña del Mar from 1994 to 1996. 

Santibáñez Ceardi died at the age of 86 on 30 July 2020.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Chilean mayors
A face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's face using tissue from a donor. 

The world's first partial face transplant on a living human was carried out in France in 2005. The world's first full face transplant was completed in Spain in 2010. Turkey, France, the United States and Spain are seen as the leading countries in the research into the procedure.

References

Transplants
Surgery
Connie Culp (March 26, 1963 – July 30, 2020) was the first United States recipient of a partial face transplant. It was performed at the Cleveland Clinic in December 2008.

Culp was shot in the face by her husband Thomas G. "Tom" Culp in a failed murder–suicide in September 2004. The shotgun blast destroyed Culp's nose, cheeks, the roof of her mouth and an eye. She had over thirty surgeries. 

Culp died on July 30, 2020 at the Cleveland Clinic from problems caused by an infection, aged 57.

References

1963 births
2020 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Organ transplant recipients
American crime victims
People from Ohio
Toros Rasguélénian, real name of R. Toros (12 December 1934 – 29 July 2020) was a French sculptor.

He settled in Valence, then in Romans-sur-Isère, both in the Drôme region. He made a large amount of monuments in memory of the victims of the Armenian Genocide, of which his uncle was a victim. These monuments can be found in Valence, Aix-en-Provence, Marseille, and Saint-Étienne. 

He awarded the Trophée Toros to the best piece of Franco-Armenian literature published each year in Marseille.

R. Toros died on 29 July 2020 in Romans-sur-Isère at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
French sculptors
Marcelo Elío Chavez (15 May 1966 – 27 July 2020) was a Bolivian politician and journalist. He was born in Oruro, Bolivia. He was a member of the Movement for Socialism. He was President of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly from 2014 to 2015.

Elío Chávez died in Oruro on 27 July 2020, aged 54.

References

1966 births
2020 deaths
Bolivian journalists
Bolivian politicians
Turning Point USA (TPUSA) is an American conservative nonprofit organization. 

TPUSA's related organizations include Turning Point News, the Turning Point Endowment, Turning Point Action, and Students for Trump. 

TPUSA's wants to "identify, educate, train and organize students to promote the principles of fiscal responsibility, free markets and limited government."

References

Conservatism
Political organizations based in the United States
Roger Stanley Williams CBE FRCS FRCP FRCPE FRACP FMedSci (28 August 1931 – 26 July 2020) was a British professor of hepatology. He was Director of the Institute of Hepatology, London and Professor of Hepatology, King's College London. 

He was also Medical Director of the charity, the Foundation for Liver Research a UK registered charity (RCN 1134579) and was the lead person of the Lancet Commission into Liver Disease in the UK.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Academics of the University of London

English physicians
Janine Despinette (1926 – 24 July 2020) was a French researcher and critic of children's literature. She was born in Aix-les-Bains, France. She was known for creating the idea of "color literature" which says that illustrations have as much power to the reader as words and narrations.

Despinette died on 24 July 2020, aged 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
French literary critics
Aix-les-Bains
People from Savoie
Writers from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
East Frisia is a region in Lower Saxony, Germany. In German it is called Ostfriesland. The area is near the coast, and also includes some of the East Frisian Islands. It is one of the regions where Low German is still widely spoken. About half of the population still speak Low German in everyday life.

Geography of Lower Saxony
Regions of Germany
The Gwich'in people are a group of people who live in Alaska and Canada, above the Arctic Circle.

Name 
The Gwich'in call themselves the Dinjii Zhuu, which means "small people" in their language.

Language 
The Gwich'in have their own language. It is split into two dialects, the Canadian and the American dialects. However, not many of them speak it as they now use English. In Alaska, only 300 Gwich'in know how to speak Gwich'in.

Caribou 
The caribou is a very important animal in Gwich'in culture. Some of them call themselves the caribou people.

References 

Ethnic groups in Canada
Alaska Natives
Yukon
People from the Northwest Territories
First Nations
Keiko Kato is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. Her husband is also a professional Go player. She has several title match appearances since the 2000s.

Records

References and notes

1978 births
Japanese Go players
Sportswomen
Living people
The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active Atlantic hurricane season ever recorded, breaking the record of 2005. The season had a record-breaking 12 storms that hit the U.S., with many making landfall in Louisiana. The season had had thirty-one tropical or subtropical cyclones, thirty named storms, fourteen hurricanes, and seven major hurricanes. It had over twenty tropical storms that broke formation date records. The season happened during the COVID-19 pandemic, making it harder to evacuate and give help to people who needed it.



Season summary

The season had 30 named storms and one that wasn't named because it wasn't strong enough.

Storms

Tropical Storm Arthur

Tropical Storm Arthur was an early storm. It formed on May 16 from a stormy area near Cuba, and caused damage in Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina, as well as The Bahamas and Bermuda. Even though the storm was kind of strong, it only lasted three days.

Tropical Storm Bertha
Tropical Storm Bertha was an early storm as well. While it only lasted one day, it caused some damage in The Bahamas and Southern United States. It also led to the Crew Dragon Demo-2 flight being delayed.

Tropical Storm Cristobal

Tropical Storm Cristobal was the earliest third named storm on record. The storm had formed from clouds left-over by Tropical Storm Amanda. The storm formed in the Bay of Campeche, devastated Mexico, and stalled, before hitting Louisiana. The storm then traveled up to Wisconsin, as a weaker tropical depression, before becoming post-tropical.

Tropical Storm Dolly

Tropical Storm Dolly was a short-lived storm. It formed on June 22 as a subtropical system, becoming tropical on June 23, as it reached tropical storm status, and dissipated on June 24.

Tropical Storm Edouard
Tropical Storm Edouard formed in an unusual time of the year, in July. It formed on July 4, and reached tropical storm status on July 6. After reaching tropical storm status, it became the earliest fifth named storm until Hurricane Elsa formed on July 1, 2021.

Tropical Storm Fay

Earliest sixth named storm. Tropical Storm Fay formed off the coast of the Carolinas and then struck New Jersey as a tropical storm, weakening inland.

Tropical Storm Gonzalo

Earliest seventh named storm. Nearly made a landfall in Guyana.

Hurricane Hanna

In July 23, Hanna formed in the Gulf of Mexico, from a tropical wave. On July 24, it reached tropical storm status, becoming the earliest named eighth storm. The storm rapidly strengthened, becoming a hurricane on July 25. It then before hitting Texas later that day. The damage was bad, as a pandemic was growing at that time.

Hurricane Isaias
Hurricane Isaias

Isaias was a bad storm. It hit the Bahamas, before moving up the east coast of the United States, making landfall in North Carolina. Before the storm formed, it was broad and disorganized, but upon being named on July 30, Isaias became the earliest ninth named storm ever recorded. It then moved up into the Dominican Republic, and then into the Bahamas. It then traveled off the coast of the United States, and hit North Carolina. Isaias caused over $4.2 billion worth of damage.

Tropical Depression Ten

Tropical depression Ten formed on July 31, but failed to strengthen due to harsh conditions. The storm moved slowly, and dissipated on August 2. Some tropical storm force winds were found in the center of the system by the National Hurricane Center, but they said it was bloated.

Tropical Storm Josephine

Earliest tenth named storm.

Tropical Storm Kyle

Earliest eleventh named storm, breaking the record of Hurricane Katrina.

Hurricane Laura
Hurricane Laura

On August 20, a tropical wave organized into a tropical depression. The next day, the depression, which was originally disorganized, strengthened into Tropical Storm Laura. Upon reaching tropical storm status, it became the earliest twelfth tropical storm in the Atlantic. The system then passed over the Leeward Islands, passing south of Puerto Rico. The system made landfall on the Dominican Republic, but the system had not lost any strength, despite the mountainous terrain. The system then made landfall in Cuba twice, before becoming a hurricane over the Gulf of Mexico on August 24. The storm underwent rapid intensification, becoming a category 2 hurricane on August 25. Laura became a major hurricane (Category 3) 9 hours later. The storm then became a Category 4 six hours later. Its highest winds were 150 mph. The storm hit Louisiana around that time. After going over Louisiana, the system quickly weakened, and lost its life over Kentucky.
In Louisiana, buildings were damaged very badly by the storm. The highest winds were reported at 95 miles per hour in Lake Charles, along with a gust of 137 miles per hour also in Lake Charles. Damage was the worst in Lake Charles, where almost every house had a tarp on it to keep out rain after their roofs had been destroyed. Luckily, even though a push of water was supposed to be more than 15 feet in places, at last minute, it moved to the west, pushing all the water into places with fewer people.

Hurricane Marco

Earliest thirteenth named storm.

Tropical Storm Omar

Earliest fifteenth named storm. Very unusual track.

Hurricane Nana

Earliest fourteenth named storm. Formed after Omar, but strengthened into a tropical storm before Omar.

Hurricane Paulette

Earliest sixteenth named storm. It then made a very rare landfall in Bermuda, and then dissipated. After it dissipated, it became a tropical storm again. Because of this, people called it a "zombie storm," because it came back after dissipating.
Tropical Storm Rene

Earliest seventeenth named storm.

Hurricane Sally

Earliest eighteenth named storm. Sally hit Alabama as a Category 2 with a peak intensity of 110 mph.

Hurricane Teddy

Earliest nineteenth named storm. This storm formed and eventually became a category 4, before weakening and hitting Newfoundland with winds 65 mph.

Tropical Storm Vicky 

Earliest twentieth named storm.

Tropical Storm Beta

Earliest twenty-third named storm.

Tropical Storm Wilfred

Earliest twenty-first named storm.

Subtropical Storm Alpha

Earliest twenty-second named storm. Made an extremely rare landfall in mainland Europe. Made 2020 only the second season to use the Greek Alphabet.

Hurricane Gamma

Earliest twenty-fourth named storm.

Hurricane Delta

Earliest twenty-fifth named storm. Made landfall in Louisiana as a Category 2, causing catastrophic damage.

Hurricane Epsilon

Earliest twenty-sixth named storm. Fourth major hurricane of the season.

Hurricane Zeta
Hurricane Zeta

Earliest twenty-seventh named storm. Caused damage in the Southeast United States. Brought snow to New England.

Hurricane Eta

Earliest twenty-eight named storm. Became a powerful Category 4 hurricane. Struck Central America, Cuba, and Florida.

Tropical Storm Theta

On November 10, Subtropical Storm Theta formed, making the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season the busiest Atlantic hurricane season on record. The next day, the storm transitioned into a tropical storm, as it peaked with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). The storm then weakened, but restrengthened to reach 65 mph (105 km/h), before weakening, and eventually dissipating on July 15.

Hurricane Iota

Hurricane Iota was a deadly and damaging storm that hit Central America on November 17. Forming in the Caribbean Sea, the storm strengthened a lot rapidly, becoming one of the latest Category 4 storms to form, reaching Category 4 status on November 16.
Season effects
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a tropical wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in USD. Potential tropical cyclones are not included in this table.

Related pages
 Tropical cyclone
 Atlantic hurricane

References

2020 Atlantic hurricane season
2020 disasters
A Majorana fermion(), also referred to as a Majorana particle, is a fermion that has the same properties as its antiparticle. Ettore Majorana, an Italian physicist, thought they would exist, in 1937.  Majorana disappeared in 1938, and the particles are named after him. As Majorana fermionns are thought to have the same properties as their antiparticles, they cannot have an electric charge. Today, atomic particles with an electric charge are called Dirac fermions. An example for Dirac fermions are electrons, and positrons; they have the same properties, but their electric charge is different. 

Neutrinos do not have an electric charge, and might be Majorana fermions, but their status is unclear
Theory 
The concept goes back to Majorana's suggestion of 1937. Majorana suggested that  neutral spin- particles can be described by a real wave equation (the Majorana equation). The wave functions of particle and antiparticle are related by complex conjugation. For this reason, they would be identical to their antiparticle.

The difference between Majorana fermions and Dirac fermions can be expressed mathematically in terms of the creation and annihilation operators of second quantization: The creation operator  creates a fermion in quantum state  (described by a real wave function), whereas the annihilation operator  annihilates it (or, equivalently, creates the corresponding antiparticle). For a Dirac fermion the operators  and  are distinct, whereas for a Majorana fermion they are identical. The ordinary fermionic annihilation and creation operators  and  can be written in terms of two Majorana operators  and  by
In supersymmetry models, neutralinos—superpartners of gauge bosons and Higgs bosons—are Majorana.

Standard model of particle physics 
The standard model of physics has no  Majorana fermions, all particles are Dirac fermions. There are neutrinos, and anti-neutrinos. In the standard model, neutrinos have no mass, though. The question how to differentiate between neutrinos and anti-neutrinos is not settled yet.

Extensions to the standard model 
There are different extensions of the standard model. One of them is called Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. It allows for supersymmetry, and can transform one kind of particle, the bosons, into the other, the fermions.  In condensed matter physics, bound Majorana fermions can appear as quasiparticle excitations—the collective movement of several individual particles, not a single one, and they are governed by non-abelian statistics.

References 

Physics
Tomoko Kato is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. Her mentor is Kazuko Sugiuchi (Sachiko Honda's sister).

Records

References and notes

1969 births
Japanese Go players
Sportswomen
People from Saitama Prefecture
Living people
Mundelein is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Lake Zurich is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Colligny is a former French commune. It is in the Moselle department. On 1 June 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Colligny-Maizery.

References 

Former communes in Moselle
Maizery is a former French commune. It is in the Moselle department. On 1 June 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Colligny-Maizery.

References 

Former communes in Moselle
Colligny-Maizery is a French commune. It is in the Moselle department. The municipality was created on 1 June 2016 and consists of the former communes of Colligny (the seat) and Maizery.

References 

2016 establishments in France
Communes in Moselle
Dornot is a former French commune. It is in the Moselle department. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Ancy-Dornot.

References 

Former communes in Moselle
Querrien () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Quimperlé () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References

Communes in Finistère
Rédené () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Le Relecq-Kerhuon () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Riec-sur-Belon () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
La Roche-Maurice () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Roscanvel () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Roscoff () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Rosnoën () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References

Communes in Finistère
Rosporden () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Coulitz () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Derrien () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Divy () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Eloy () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References

Communes in Finistère
This is a list of archives in Azerbaijan.

Archives 

 State Archives of the Republic of Azerbaijan
 Archive of Political Documents of the Office of the President of Azerbaijan
 State Archives of Political Parties and Public Movements of the Republic of Azerbaijan
 State Archives of Scientific and Technical Documents of the Republic of Azerbaijan
 State Archives of Literature and Art of the Republic of Azerbaijan
 State Archives of Cinematographic Documents of the Republic of Azerbaijan
 State Archives of Sound Recordings of the Republic of Azerbaijan
 State Historical Archives of the Republic of Azerbaijan
 State Archives of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Related pages 
 National Archive Department of Azerbaijan
 List of archives
 List of libraries in Azerbaijan
 List of museums in Azerbaijan
 Culture of Azerbaijan

Other websites 
 List of archives of state bodies and organizations in Azerbaijan (English)

 
Archives
Ance Féas is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Féas (the seat) and Ance.

References 

2017 establishments in France
Ance Feas
Sainte-Sève () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Évarzec () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Frégant () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Goazec () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Folklore (styled in lowercase) is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Taylor Swift.  It was released on July 24, 2020.  Swift released the album as a surprise when her Loverfest stadium tour was canceled due to the 2019–20 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. She produced the album with her longtime collaborator Jack Antonoff, along with Aaron Dessner. It is Swift's first album with a Parental Advisory logo. It was released to all music streaming platforms.

Swift announced the album the day before its release.
On August 3, 2020, Billboard revealed that both folklore and its lead single, "cardigan", entered at the top of both the Billboard 200 album chart and Hot 100 singles chart. This marked Swift's sixth US number-one song and her seventh US number-one album. She became the first artist to have a song and album both debut at number one in the same week and is the only artist to have seven of her albums enter at number one. The songs "the 1" and "exile" featuring Bon Iver entered at numbers four and six of the Hot 100.

References 

Taylor Swift albums
2020 albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
Nil sine numine is the state motto of Colorado. In Latin, it means Nothing without the Deity or Nothing without the divine will.Means that No one knows it

References

Latin state mottos of the United States
Colorado
Anna Cropper (née Roache; 13 May 1938 — 22 January 2007) was an English actress. She was best known for playing Joan Akers in Coronation Street.

Early life  
Cropper was born in Brierfield, Lancashire. She was the daughter of stage actress and director Margaret Cropper and dentist Jack Cropper.

Personal life 
In 1961, she was married to the Coronation Street actor William Roache. The marriage ended in divorce in 1974. They had two children, son Linus Roache and daughter Vanya. Vanya died on 2 March 2018 aged 50.

Death 
Cropper died suddenly at her home in Tangmere, West Sussex on January 2007 at 68.

References

Other websites 
 

1938 births
2007 deaths
English stage actors
English television actors
Actors from Lancashire
Miss Teen USA  is an American pageant. It is like the Miss USA pageant, except it is for teenagers (people between the ages of 13 and 19). It was founded on August 30, 1983. 

The current Miss Teen USA is Breanna Myles of Florida. She was the first Floridian to win Miss Teen USA.

Miss Teen USA Winners

Notable Miss Teen USAs 
Notable Miss Teen USAs includeː 

 Shelley Hennig, Miss Teen USA 2004, of Louisiana
 Allie LaForce, Miss Teen USA 2005, of Ohio, who is now a reporter for Fox News
 Katie Blair, Miss Teen USA 2006, of Montana, who was the first Montana native in history to win a national pageant, and who also became Miss California USA in 2011
 Kaliegh Garris, Miss Teen USA 2019, of Connecticut, the current Miss Teen USA

References 

Beauty pageants
Caitlin Marie Lotz (born December 30, 1986), commonly known as Caity Lotz is an American actress, dancer, singer and director. She is best known for her role as Sara Lance in The CW series: Arrow, Legends of Tomorrow, The Flash, and Supergirl.

Roles

Movies

Television

Awards

References

Other websites

1986 births
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
Models from San Diego, California
Actors from San Diego, California
Numen, pl. numina,  is a Latin term.  It is used  for "divinity", a "divine presence" or a "divine will." The Latin authors defined it as follows. Cicero writes of a "divine mind" (divina mens), a god "whose numen everything obeys," and a "divine power" (vis divina) "which pervades the lives of men." It causes the motions and cries of birds during augury. In his Aeneid, Virgil tells about the  how the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, is blinded:  First, Odysseus and his men "ask for the assistance of the great numina" (magna precati numina). Reviewing public opinion of Augustus on the day of his funeral, the historian Tacitus reports that some thought "no honor was left to the gods" when he "established the cult of himself" (se ... coli vellet) "with temples and the effigies of numina" (effigie numinum). Pliny the younger in a letter to Paternus raves about the "power," the "dignity," and "the majesty;" in short, the "numen of history
." Lucretius uses the expression numen mentis, or "bidding of the mind," where "bidding" is numen, not, however, the divine numen, unless the mind is to be considered divine, but as simply human will.
Since the early 20th century, numen has sometimes been treated in the history of religion as a pre-animistic phase. This is a belief system that comes from an earlier time. Sociologists also use the term Numen to refer to the idea of magical power coming from an object, particularly when writing about ideas in the western tradition. When used in this sense, numen means almost the same thing as mana. However, some authors only use the word mana for ideas about magic from Polynesia and Southeast Asia.

Etymology 
The literal meaning is simply "a nod", or more accurately,"that which is produced by nodding". In the same way, flamen is "that which is produced by blowing", i.e., a gust of wind. It came to mean "the product or expression of power" — not, be it noted, power itself.Numen (divinity) is not personified (although it can be a personal attribute) and should be distinguished from deus (god).
Roman cults of the numina 
Numen was also used in the imperial cult of ancient Rome, to refer to the guardian-spirit, 'godhead' or divine power of a living emperor. It was  a way of worshiping a living emperor without literally calling him a god.

The cult of Augustus was promoted by Tiberius, who dedicated the Ara Numinis Augusti.
In this context, a distinction can be made between the terms numen and genius.

Definition as a pre-animistic phase of religion 
The expression Numen inest appears in Ovid's Fasti (III, 296) and has been translated as 'There is a spirit here'. Its interpretation, and the exact sense of numen has been discussed extensively in the literature.

Some people thought, that numen could have been a leftover of ealier animist religions which was incorporated into the Roman religion. Sometimes the etymology of Latin names for deities, has often been popularly implied,  but it  was criticised as "mostly a scholarly fiction" by McGeough (2004).
Numina and specific religions 
The phrase "numen eris caeloque redux mirabere regna" appears on line 129 of the poem Metrum in Genesin, attributed to Hilary of Arles.

In popular culture 
In modern times, the term (referring to the Christian God) has been used in various expressions:

 Innocue vivito, numen adest (Live blameless; God is here.) was the motto of Carl Linnaeus, taken from Ovid's Ars Amatoria (I, 640).
 Nil sine numine is the state motto of Colorado. Its origin could be the phrase "...non haec sine numine divum eveniunt" (...these things do not come to pass without the will of Heaven) from Virgil's Aeneid (II, 777).
 Benigno numine (with divine favor) is the motto of the city of Pittsburgh.
 Numen lumen (God is the light) is the motto of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Elon University.
 The term numen appears three times (142.23, 162.13, 282.21) in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake.

Related pages 

 Animism
 Lares
 Penates
 Sacred (comparative religion)

References

Further reading
Further reading

Other websites 

 Roman religion
History of religion
The 2020 Darfur attacks were three mass shootings. They occurred from 12-26 July 2020 in Darfur, Sudan, killing 89 people. They were part of the War in Darfur, which continued with major clashes in January 2021.

2020 in Africa
2020s murders in Africa
2020 attacks
2020s in Sudan
July 2020 events
Mass murder in 2020
2020s mass shootings in Africa
2020 mass shootings
Massacres in Africa
Olivia Jordan Thomas (born September 28, 1988) is an American model, actress, TV show host and beauty pageant titleholder from Oklahoma who won Miss USA 2015 and also finished 3rd in Miss Universe 2015. She was the first Oklahoman to be crowned Miss USA.

Early life & education 
She was born to Bob and Jill Thomas on September 28, 1988, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. After her high school graduation, she went to Boston to attend Boston University. She graduated in May 2011, with a Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences.

Jordan soon joined the SAG and adopted the name Olivia Jordan. She moved to Los Angeles, California, to do modeling and acting after college.  She acted in the movie Ted during college, and later acted in several other films.

Pageants 
Jordan began her career at the Miss California USA 2013 pageant, where she finished 2nd. Later that year, she was named Miss World America 2013 and competed at Miss World 2013 pageant, where she finished in the top 20 and was also finished 2nd for Top Model.
On December 21, 2014, Jordan won Miss Oklahoma USA 2015, and went on to win Miss USA 2015 as well. She participated in Miss Universe 2015, representing the United States. She finished 3rd.

Personal life 
In 2018, she became engaged to actor Jay Hector. They married on November 8, 2019, in Palm Springs, California.

References

Other websites 
 

1988 births
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Democrats (United States)
Boston University alumni
Models from Oklahoma
Actors from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Living people
Miss USA
Amir Sarkhosh (born May 30, 1991) is an Iranian snooker player.

Amir Sarkhosh won his first international position in Lebanon in 2013 and won a solo bronze and gold team in the West Asian championship, and has won three more in a team in 2013.

Other websites 

 Amir Sarkhosh at snooker.org
 Amir Sarkhosh at snookerdatabase.co.uk  

1991 births
Snooker players
Living people
Iranian sportspeople
The U.S. Marshals Service does law enforcement for federal courts. It is mainly responsible for protecting court officers like judges in court buildings.

It is also responsible for finding fugitives, serving arrest warrants, and prisoner transport.

It is different from the FBI, which is responsible for things like counter-terrorism and going after organized crime, and which operates in multiple countries, not just the USA.

1789 establishments in the United States
Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
United States Department of Justice
United States intelligence agencies
Saint-Hernin () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

References 

Communes in Finistère
Chizu Kobayashi is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. She has several professional Go players in her relatives. Her brother is the president of Nihon Ki-in.

Records

Go promotion activities
She was sent to Europe and the United States for the promotion of Go. Due to this activity, she has several students from Europe. Some of them eventually obtained professional status at Nihon Ki-in.

Family
Satoru Kobayashi is the strongest player in her family. He has obtained many domestic titles/awards and published many books. In 2016, he obtained 1100 career wins. He is the president of Nihon Ki-in since 2019.

References

Other websites
Official website
Personal website 

1954 births
Japanese Go players
Sportswomen
Living people
Fareway Stores is an American grocery company. Fareway is based in Boone, Iowa. It operates over 120 grocery stores in South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois. 

Fareway is a family-owned business in the Midwestern United States. Some stores open as early as 6am. Some remain open unti 11pm. All Fareway grocery stores are closed Sundays and major holidays.

Fareway was founded in 1938.

20th-century establishments in Iowa
1938 establishments in the United States
Supermarkets of the United States
Companies based in Iowa
Winn-Dixie is a supermarket chain. They have stores in Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. The company once served Oklahoma, Texas, South Carolina, North Carolina and New Mexico. Now, they mainly serve the Southeastern United States.

The company is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. 

Winn-Dixie has its private label Chek for sodas. The sodas have over 20 different flavors.

Winn-Dixie was established in 1925. It is owned by Southeastern Grocers.

1925 establishments in Florida
Supermarkets of the United States
Jacksonville, Florida
Companies based in Florida
Ayumi Ishida may refer to:

Ayumi Ishida (actress) (born 1948), Japanese actress and pop singer
Ayumi Ishida (singer) (born 1997), Japanese singer and dancer, member of the pop group Morning Musume
Terumi Koyama (小山栄美) is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. Her husband, son and father in law are also professional Go players. Her mentor is Masao Kato.

Records

Notes

1970 births
Sportswomen
Japanese Go players
Sportspeople from Kanagawa Prefecture
Living people
Joseph Kasa-Vubu ( 1917 – 24 March 1969) was a Congolese politician. He was the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) from 1960 to 1965.

Other websites 
 

1915 births
1969 deaths
Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
One Tree Hill is an American TV drama. It aired from 2003 to 2012. It is about two half-brothers, Lucas and Nathan Scott, who live in the town of Tree Hill in North Carolina. They play on the school basketball team and have romantic relationships.

Characters  
 Lucas Scott 
 Nathan Scott
 Peyton Sawyer
 Haley James Scott
 Dan Scott
 Brooke Davis
 Brian "Whitey" Durham
 Keith Scott
 Karen Roe
 Deb Scott
 Marvin "Mouth" McFadden
 Antwon "Skills" Taylor
 Rachel Gatina
 Jamie Scott
 Millicent Huxtable
 Julian Baker
 Clay Evans
 Quinn James
 Alex Dupre
 Chase Adams
 Chris Keller

WB network shows
English-language television programs
Saint-Jean-du-Doigt () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Iosco County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 25,237 people live here. The county seat is Tawas City.

References

1850s establishments in Michigan
1857 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Iron County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 11,631 people live here. The county seat is Crystal Falls.

References

1880s establishments in Michigan
1885 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Kalkaska County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 17,939 people live here. The county seat is Kalkaska.

References

1871 establishments in Michigan
Michigan counties
Keweenaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 2,046 people live here. The county seat is Eagle River.

References

1860s establishments in Michigan
1861 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Hama Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Hama.

Governorates of Syria
Willem Elmert “Wim” Scherpenhuijsen Rom (15 March 1933 – 31 July 2020) was a Dutch banker. He was co-founder of the ING Group.

Scherpenhuijsen Rom started working at NMB Bank in 1967. He was main person in the fusion between NMB Bank and Postbank in 1989. He became CEO of the ING Group in 1992. He was also highly involved in the merger of NMB Postbank Group and Nationale-Nederlanden in the early 1990s.

Scherpenhuijsen Rom died on 31 July 2020, aged 87.

References

Dutch bankers
1933 births
2020 deaths
Resurreccion Borra (October 20, 1935 – August 1, 2020) was a Filipino public servant. He worked as a Career Executive Service Officer (CESO). He also was a commissioner and was the Acting Chairman of the Philippine Commission on Elections. During his term, he became known for forcing strict rules on impeachment.  He also tried to fight against bribery in mayoral races in Manila. He was also critical of the use of modern election machines in the Philippines.

Career
He was nominated to the job by then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to be COMELEC Commissioner in 2001. He was also nominated by her in 2007 to be Chairman of the Commission on Elections. His nomination was seen as a surprising move after the sudden resignation of former Benjamin Abalos.

He was the most senior Commissioner of COMELEC. He retired in 2008. 

In 2003, an investigation and call for him to be criminally charged happened after it was found that he favored some election machine companies over others due to bribes.
Personal life
Borra was born in Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippine Islands. He died on August 1, 2020 in Manila at the age of 84.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
Filipino politicians
David Darcy (11 August 19431 August 2020) was an Australian rules footballer. He played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. 

Darcy also played for and coached South Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). He started his career at half forward but in his second season moved to defence where he excelled.  

Darcy died on 1 August 2020, aged 76.

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
Australian rules footballers
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Julio Diamante (27 December 1930 – 1 August 2020) was a Spanish movie director and screenwriter. He directed ten movies between 1959 and 1976. His 1965 movie El arte de vivir was entered into the 15th Berlin International Film Festival. He also directed Sex o no sex. Diamante was born in Cádiz, Spain.

Diamante died on 1 August 2020 in Madrid, aged 89.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Spanish movie directors
Spanish screenwriters
Feri Horvat (; 26 September 1941 – 1 August 2020) was a Slovenian manager and politician. He was one of the founders of the United List of Social Democrats. Between July and October 2004, he served as speaker of the Slovenian National Assembly.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Slovenian politicians
Vitold Anatolievich Kreyer (, 12 October 1932 – 1 August 2020) was a Russian  triple jumper. He competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won bronze medals in 1956 and 1960. He won the Soviet title in 1960 and 1961 but failed to reach the finals at the 1958 and 1962 European Championships.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Triple jumpers
Soviet Olympic bronze medalists
Stanley Thomas Edward Mellor  (10 April 1937 – 1 August 2020) was a National Hunt jockey and trainer. He was the first jockey to ride 1,000 winners and Champion Jockey three years in a row from 1960 to 1962.

Mellor died on 1 August 2020, aged 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
British equestrians
Khosrow Sinai (, 19 January 1941 – 1 August 2020) was an Iranian movie director, screenwriter, music composer and scholar. He was born in Sari, Iran. He was known for his movie In the Alleys of Love.

Sinai died on 1 August 2020 in Tehran from COVID-19, aged 79.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Iranian movie directors
Iranian screenwriters
Iranian composers
Iranian academics
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
Amar Singh (27 January 1956 – 1 August 2020) was an Indian politician. He was one of the leaders of the Samajwadi Party. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 2016 until his death. 

On August 1, 2020, at the age of 64, Singh died from kidney failure at a hospital in Singapore.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Uttar Pradesh
Deaths from renal failure
André Ptaszynski (7 May 1953 – 29 July 2020) was a British theatre producer. He was a president of The Society of London Theatre and was on the board of the Royal National Theatre from 2001 to 2010.  

He died on 29 July 2020 at the age of 67.

References

1953 births
2020 deaths
British television producers
Theatre producers
Robert McCurdy (February 26, 1952July 29, 2020) was an American college basketball player. He played for the Richmond Spiders from 1973 to 1975. He began his collegiate career with the Virginia Cavaliers before transferring to Richmond. He was born in Deer Park, New York.

McCurdy died on July 29, 2020 from anal cancer in Connecticut, aged 68.

References

1952 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from anal cancer
American basketball players
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Deer Park is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Babylon, Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 27,745 at the 2010 census.

References

Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Olive Ann Alcorn (October 2, 1900 – January 8, 1972) was an American dancer, model, and silent movie actress of the 1910s and 1920s. She was known for the many nude photographs of her from the era than for her movie work.

References

Other websites
 Olive Ann Alcorn at silentera.com
 Silent Film Star: Olive Ann Alcorn at Noir and Chick Flicks
 The Phantom of the Opera 1925

American silent movie actors
Actors from Minnesota
Models from Minnesota
American dancers
Deaths from anal cancer
1900 births
1975 deaths
Khalil Taha (13 July 1932 – 27 July 2020) was a Lebanese wrestler. At the 1951 Mediterranean Games in Alexandria Egypt, Taha won the silver medal in the 73 kg Greco-Roman wrestling.

At the 1952 Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the men's Greco-Roman Welterweight category.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Lebanese sportspeople
Olympic bronze medalists
Wrestlers
Sir John Ralph Sidney Guinness CBE (23 December 1935 – 27 July 2020) was a British civil servant and businessman.

Guinness was a member of HM Diplomatic Service and had worked in the Cabinet Office and was Permanent Secretary of the Department of Energy. from 1991 to 1992 and Chairman of British Nuclear Fuels Ltd from 1992 to 1993.

He died on 27 July 2020.

References

British businesspeople
1935 births
2020 deaths
William Kirk English (January 27, 1929 – July 26, 2020) was an American computer engineer. He was known for helping create the computer mouse while working for Douglas Engelbart at SRI International's Augmentation Research Center. He would later work for Xerox PARC and Sun Microsystems.

English died of respiratory failure in San Rafael, California on July 26, 2020, aged 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
American computer engineers
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Scientists from Kentucky
Wang Hai (; 19 January 1926 – 2 August 2020) was a Chinese retired fighter pilot and general. He was a flying ace of the Korean War. He was Commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) from 1985 to 1992. He was awarded the rank of general (shang jiang) in 1988. He was born in Shandong, China.

Wang died on 2 August 2020 in Beijing, aged 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Chinese generals
Aviators
Hall in Tirol is a town in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

References

Other websites 
 

Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Judith Anne Collins (born 24 February 1959) is a New Zealand politician. She was the Leader of the New Zealand National Party and Leader of the Opposition from 2020 until 2021. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Papakura since 2002. He was a government minister under John Key and Bill English.

References

1959 births
Living people
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)