Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
After the War of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men against Sauron, Isildur left to rule the northern kingdom Arnor. The son of Anárion stayed to rule Gondor. During a civil war In the 15th century,  the city Osgiliath was destroyed. Minas Anor became the new capital. The Ringwraiths captured Minas Ithil during the rule of King Eärnur.  They changed the name of the city to Minas Morgul. Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith ("Tower of Guard"). Both cities were always at war. Much of the fighting took place near the old capital of Osgiliath. During the War of the Ring, Sauron won control of Western Osgiliath. This made it possible for his forces to attack Minas Tirith. The Orcs attacked the city but were stopped by the Rohirrim. This let the defenders to charge the enemy. The Battle of the Pelennor Fields was won by the Men of Gondor and Rohan.
The last King, Eärnur, disappeared in 2050 T.A. After this, Gondor was ruled by the Stewards of Gondor instead of a king until the end of the Third Age. After the War of the Ring, the land became part of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor. It was ruled by King Elessar Telcontar and his descendants.

Great East Road
The Great East Road is an ancient road which was made by the dwarves. The road ran from western area of the region Beleriand, over the Ered Luin mountain range, through the Shire, to the Misty Mountains, and to the dwarven lands in the east.

Helm's Deep
Helm's Deep is a deep valley on the north side of the western part of the White Mountains. It is south to the Gap of Rohan. The valley was blocked by a series of hills called Helm's Dike. Helm's Deep is the location of the  fortress, Hornburg. The entrance to the Glittering Caves is at the end of the valley.
Isengard
Isengard is a fortress at the southern end of the Misty Mountains. It is in a small valley inside a ring-shaped wall. The wall is called, the Ring of Isengard. In the fortress is a tall black tower, Orthanc. Isengard belonged to Gondor but in the 28th century it was given to Saruman. The fortress has a palantír. A palantir is ball made of indestructible crystal that is used for communicating with other places.  In the War of the Ring, ring-wall was destroyed by the Ents. After the War, the tower Orthanc was given back to King Elessar and the Reunited Kingdom.

Khazad-dûm
Khazad-dûm was the ancient home of the Dwarves under the Misty Mountains. It was a large underground city. It also has a system of mines under it. The city was the only place in Middle-earth where the precious metal mithril could be found. This made the dwarves very rich. Khazad-dûm was founded by Durin the Deathless early in the First Age.
Lothlórien
Lothlórien was an elven realm. It was between the Misty Mountains and the Anduin. The realm was on the land between the rivers Anduin and Silverlode. It was close to the dwarven realm Khazad-dûm. Lothlórien was founded in the Second Age. Amdír was the first King of Lothlórien. The elves of Lothlórien fought in the War of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men against Sauron. In the war, Amdír was killed. His son Amroth became king after him. Amroth later left Lothlórien. After he left, the realm was ruled by Lord Celeborn and Lady Galadriel until the end of the Third Age. Caras Galadhon was the main city of Lothlórien. Other names of Lothlórien are the shortened name Lórien, and the names Laurelindórenan, Dwimordene (Rohirric), or The Golden Wood.
Mordor
Mordor (Sindarin: Black Land and Quenya: Land of Shadow) is a land in the southeastern part of Middle-earth. It is east of the Anduin. Mordor was the land of Sauron in the Second and Third Ages. Mordor is surrounded by mountain ranges. The Ered Lithui (Sindarin: "Mountains of Ash") is a range of mountains to the north of Mordor. The Ephel Dúath (Sindarin: Mountains of Shadow) is west of it, Another mountain range in the south. In the northwest is the plateau named Gorgoroth. Sauron's main fortress, Barad-dûr, is at the base of the Ered Lithui mountains. The volcano Mount Doom is south west of  Barad-dûr. Many parts of Mordor are a wasteland. The southern part of Mordor, around the Sea of Núrnen was more fertile. It was used as farmland to feed the armies of Sauron.

Mirkwood
Mirkwood is a large forest in Rhovanion. The forest was originally known as Greenwood the Great (Sindarin: Eryn Galen).
In the Second Age, an Elven people settled in the Greenwood. They created the Woodland Realm. The capital of the realm was on the hill Amon Lanc. After the Second Age, the Elves went  to live farther north. In the 11th century T.A., Sauron chose to live in the hill-fortress of Dol Guldur on Amon Lanc. It was in the south of the forest. His evil influence darkened the woods. It had less of an effect towards the north of the forest. After this, the Greenwood became known as Mirkwood. After the War of the Ring,  evil effects of Sauron's influence were removed from the forest. It known as Eryn Lasgalen (Sindarin: "Wood of Greenleaves").
North-South Road
The North-South Road is a long road running from the realm of Arnor in the north to Gondor in the south. The road begins in the city Fornost Erain, the capital of Arthedain. It crossesthe Great East Road at Bree, and runs to the southern end of the Misty Mountains. There, the road turned east, towards the cities of Minas Tirith and Osgiliath in Gondor. The road ended at Minas Ithil. A part of the road south of Bree is also known as the Greenway.

Rivendell
Rivendell (Sindarin: Imladris, Westron: Karningul) was an elven city in eastern Eriador. It was founded in the Second Age by Elrond. He ruled it until the end of the Third Age.

Rohan
Rohan or the Riddermark (or The Mark) was a human realm in southeastern Middle-earth. It was north of Gondor. Rohan was north of the White Mountains, southeast of Isengard and southwest of the Emyn Muil. It began as a part of Gondor named Calenardhon. The capital of Rohan is Edoras. The king's hall, Meduseld, is at Edoras.
A plague in 1636 T.A. and the later wars,  caused Calenardhon to be mostly empty. Very few people lived there. In 2509 T.A. the Rohirrim came south from the north, to help Gondor fight against an invasion of Men from the north-east and Orcs from Mordor. The Rohirrim helped Gondor win the Battle of the Field of Celebrant and the war. Steward Cirion of Gondor gave the land Calenardhon to the Rohirrim. The King of the Rohirrim, Eorl the Young, swore the Oath of Eorl. He said  that Rohan would come and help Gondor if it needed help in war. Afterwards, the people of the Rohirrim moved into their new land. They changed the name to the Riddermark or just The Mark. Gondor called the land Rohan (Sindarin: "Land of the Horse-lords").

The Shire
The Shire

The Shire is a land in Eriador. It is settled by hobbits. Its name in Westron was Sûza "Shire" or Sûzat "The Shire". Its name in Sindarin was i Drann. The Shire was settled by the hobbits in the 24th century T.A. It is divided into four Farthings: the North-, West-, South- and Eastfarthing. The leaders of the Shire were the Mayor of Michel Delving, the Thain from Tuckborough and the Master of Buckland.
Númenor
Númenor was a huge star-shaped island west of Middle-earth in the Second Age. At the beginning of the Age it was given to the human peoples who had helped the elves in the wars against Morgoth. In the middle of the island was the mountain Meneltarma. It was a holy place for the Númenoreans. Númenor was divided into six regions. Each region was in one of each  of the five "star-arm" and one in the middle. The outer regions were Forostar ("Northlands"), Andustar ("Westlands"), Hyarnustar ("Southwestlands"), Hyarrostar ("Southeastlands") and Orrostar ("Eastlands") The central region was  Mittalmar ("Inlands"). In the eastern part of the central region was Arandor ("Kingsland"). the capital city Armenelos and the haven Rómenna.
Their first king of Númenor was Elros Tar-Minyatur. He was the brother of Elrond. Númenor became the most powerful nation of Men. As time passed, many Númenoreans, including their kings, became power-hungry. They became enemies of the elves. Towards the end of the Second Age, Númenor was ruled by King Ar-Pharazôn the Golden. During that time, the island was destroyed and sank in the sea. Only a group of Númenoreans led by Elendil, the Elendili ("Elf-friends") or the Faithful, were not destroyed with the island. They came to Middle-earth and founded the realms Arnor and Gondor. The Akallabêth is the story of Númenor's history and downfall.

Some of the many names of Númenor were Westernesse, Númenórë (Quenya, the long form of Númenor) and Anadûnê (Adûnaic), both meaning "West-land"; Andor (Quenya) and Yôzâyan (Adûnaic), which both mean "the Land of the Gift". Later it was also called Atalantë (Quenya) and Akallabêth (Adûnaic), both meaning "the Downfallen".
Related pages
 Middle-earth
 Middle-earth characters
 The Lord of the Rings (book series)
 The Lord of the Rings (movie series)
 The Hobbit (book)
 The Hobbit (movie series)
 The Silmarillion

References

Locations
A parliamentary system of government means that the executive branch of government has the direct or indirect support of the parliament. 

Parliamentary systems often work where the head of government is the leader of the political party with the most members in the parliament.

This support is usually shown by a vote of confidence.  A balanced relationship between the executive and the legislature in a parliamentary system is called responsible government.

The separation of powers between the executive and law making branches is not as obvious as it is in a presidential system. There are different ways of balancing power between the three branches which govern the country (the executive (or ministers), the law makers and the judges).
Parliamentary systems usually have a head of government and a head of state. They change after their terms are over.  The head of government is the prime minister, who has the real power.  The head of state may be an elected president or, in the case of a constitutional monarchy, hereditary.

Examples of a few countries which practice parliamentary systems are India, Italy, Japan, and Latvia to name a few. Parliament is different in every country.

References 

Forms of government
Democracy
Political systems
Slavic might mean:

Slavic peoples, the largest ethno-lingustic group in Europe. They live in Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeastern Europe
Slavic languages
Someone may ask for political asylum when they are frightened to live  oppressed in their own country. They will then go to another country. If they are allowed to live in the new country this is called political asylum.

People who seek asylum say they are victims of threats, physical harm or denigration of their human dignity as these are violating their human rights.

The political asylum is one of the human rights affirmed by Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and a rules of international human rights law. All countries who have agreed to the United Nations Conventions Relating to the Status of Refugees must let people, who do qualify, come into their country.

People who qualify for asylum are those who can show that they might be badly treated in their own country because of their:
 
 Religion, 
 Political opinions
 Membership of a particular social group or social activities or
 Personal lifestyle and sexual orientation.
People often confuse exiling an individual from his/her home country as a migration to a political asylum but that is not as it seems, migrating with one's own will due to personal reasons can be a political migration but not under the sentence of Government.
People who are given political asylum are called refugees. They are often confused with "economic refugees". Economic refugees are people who move from a poor country to a richer one so that they may work and make more money, often to send back to their families.

Related pages

 Deportation
 Exile
 Refugee
 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

References

Human rights
Neuendorf-Sachsenbande is a municipality in Wilstermarsch, in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The municipality has an area of . On 31 December 2006, 493 people lived there. The town has the lowest point in Germany, which is below sea level.

History 

The town was made on April 15, 2003, when the municipalities of Neuendorf bei Wilster, Sachsenbande, and Bredensee were all joined together.

References

Other websites

Steinburg (district)
Gießen is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany.  It is in the middle of the state.

Other websites
Official website 

Regions of Hesse
Cecilia Cheung is a Hong Kong actress and C-pop singer. She is the ex-wife of Nicholas Tse and ex-daughter-in-law of Patrick Tse and Deborah Lee. She and Nicholas have two sons, Lucas and Quintus.

Biography
Cheung was born at Man Wah Sun Chuen in Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon, She is daughter to a Chinese father and a Chinese-British mother. Her parents divorced when she was just a child, after which she was sent to Australia to live with her aunt. Cheung has an elder half-sister, two younger brothers and a younger half-brother from her father's side of the family.
In 1998, while helping a hairstylist friend at a catwalk show, she was offered to appear in a TV advertisement advertising lemon tea. Later, Cheung made her movie debut as a young nightclub hostess in Stephen Chow's King of Comedy in 1999, followed soon after by Fly Me to Polaris. Her role in Fly Me to Polaris got her the award for Best Newcomer at the Hong Kong Film Awards. In the same year, Cheung launched her singing career with her first C-pop album Any Weather.

For Derek Yee's romance-drama Lost in Time (2003), Cheung won the Best Actress award at the Hong Kong Film Awards. She played a young woman who lost her fiancé in a traffic accident which left her as a grieving single mother struggling to make ends meet.
Cheung has been linked to Hong Kong singer-actor Edison Chen and has also dated another Hong Kong singer-actor Daniel Chan. She then dated Nicholas Tse in early 2002, but they split up late that year. Later she was rumored to have dated a younger Lu Siyuan before the relationship ended in 2003. Cheung suffered serious depression and eating disorder after the break up .

Cheung and Tse were first reported to be "getting back together" in early 2006 and on July 31 that year, Tse officially admitted dating Cheung in an interview with Commercial Radio Hong Kong 881/903. In September, the same year, Tse showed off his wedding ring at the Hong Kong International Airport, announcing he and Cheung had been married in a secret wedding ceremony in the Philippines.
On the 8 January 2007 episode of TVB's Entertainment Scoop (東張西望), Cheung was publicly confirmed by Nicholas' father, Patrick Tse to be approximately three months pregnant with the couple's first child. A March episode of Entertainment Scoop (東張西望) said that their child is due in August. It is confirmed by Nicholas Tse that she is expecting a baby boy.

On 2 August, it was reported that Cheung and Tse were both in the maternity ward waiting for their child to be born. However no specific photo was enclosed with such report. The very next day, Cecilia gave birth to a baby boy named Lucas.

2008 Edison Chen Photo scandal
In January and February 2008 many explicit photos were found online involving Cecilia Cheung and Edison Chen. The scandal also involved Gillian Chung and Bobo Giglioti.
Filmography
 The 601st Phone Call (第601個電話) (2006)
 My Kung-Fu Sweetheart (野蠻秘笈) (2006)
 The Shopaholics (最愛女人購物狂) (2006)
 The Promise (無極) (2005)
 Nominated in the Golden Globe, Hong Kong Film Awards, Golden Trailer and Fantasporto.
 Himalaya Singh (喜瑪拉阿星) (2005)
 The White Dragon (小白龍情海翻波) (2004)
 One Nite in Mongkok (旺角黑夜) (2004)
 Papa Loves You (這個阿爸真爆炸) (2004)
 性感都市 (2004)
 Fantasia (鬼馬狂想曲) (2004)
 Lost in Time (忘了忘不了) (2003)
 Won Best Female Actress in Golden Bauhinia and Hong Kong Film Awards
 Running on Karma (大隻老) (2003)
 Cat and Mouse (老鼠愛上貓) (2003)
 Honesty (絕種好男人) (2003)
 Mighty Baby (絕世好B) (2002)
 Second Time Around (無限復活) (2002)
 The Lion Roars (我家有一隻河東師) (2002)
 The Legend of Zu (屬山正傳) (2001)
 Para Para Sakura as Yuriko (2001)
 Shaolin Soccer (少林足球) (2001)
 Cameo appearance
 Failan (파이란, 白蘭) (2001)
 Every Day Is Valentine (情謎大話王) (2001)
 Master Q 2001 (老夫子2001) (2001)
 鐘無艷 Wu Yen (2001)
 Twelve Nights (十二夜) (2000)
 Tokyo Raiders (東京功略) (2000)
 Help!!! (辣手回春) (2000)
The Legend of Speed (烈火戰車2之極速傳說) (1999)
 Fly Me to Polaris (星願) (1999)
 Won Best Newcomer in the Hong Kong Film Awards.
 King of Comedy (喜劇之王)(1999)
 Nominated Best New Actress in the Hong Kong Film Awards.
Discography
 C1 (2005)
 Colour of Lip (至愛唇色(新曲+精選) (2002)
 Shaolin Soccer (2002)
 Party All the Time (2001)
 New and Best Collection (2001)
 Party All the Time (2001)
 Cecilia Cheung (2000)
 Brand New Me (最新形象) (2000)
 903 California Red Concert (2000)
 Destination (1999)
 Any Weather (1999)

References

Other websites 
 
 HKADB entry 
 Cecilia Cheung Gallery 
 Portrait of Cecilia Cheung  (French)
 Cecilia's Hong Kong Movie Database Entry

1980 births
Living people
Hong Kong actors
C-pop singers
Hong Kong singers
Gießen () is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 

 Official website (German)
Marburg-Biedenkopf is a Landkreis (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany.

History 
The district was created in 1974 when the districts Marburg, Biedenkopf and the former urban district of Marburg were merged. The urban district is now a "town with special status" inside the district.

The district has partnerships with Huntingdonshire in the United Kingdom, the borough of Charlottenburg in Berlin, and the district of Kościerzyna in Poland.

Geography 
The main river in the district is the Lahn.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Touristic website

Districts of Hesse
Lahn-Dill is a Kreis (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany.

History 
In 1977 the district Gießen was merged with the districts Wetzlar and Dillkreis to the new Lahn-Dill-Kreis. However this big district was not popular, so in 1979 Giessen was split from it.

Geography 
The main rivers of the district are the Lahn and the Dill, which also gave it the name.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website (German)
 Official Online-Community  (German)

Districts of Hesse
The Vogelsbergkreis is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany.

History 
The district was created in 1972 by merging the former districts Alsfeld and Lauterbach.

Geography 
The main feature of the district is the Vogelsberg, an extinct volcano, last active 7 million years ago.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website 
 Website of the district administration 
 Touristic website

Districts of Hesse
5-1-1 is a special telephone number in the United States and some parts of Canada. It is made to be easy to remember. People can dial the number on a landline phone or on a mobile phone to get information about traffic and travel.

History

In March 2001, there were more than three hundred phone numbers about traffic and travel. This was confusing to many people, because so many numbers existed, or were there, for the same thing. To fix this, the United States Department of Transportation (called the USDOT) asked the Federal Communications Commission (called the FCC) for a special N11 code. On July 21, 2000, the FCC made 5-1-1 the national telephone number for travel information.

References

Other websites
Other websites

5-1-1 numbers for specific places
Arizona
San Francisco Bay Area
San Diego 
Florida
Florida - Tampa Bay Area  
Florida - Southwest Florida Area 
Georgia
Kansas 
Kentucky 
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
North Carolina 
North Dakota 
Northern New England – Vermont
Nevada 
Northern New England – New Hampshire 
Northern New England – Maine
Oregon
Southwest Ohio - Cincinnati, Northern Kentucky
South Dakota 
Tennessee
Virginia

Telephone numbers in Canada
Telephone numbers in the United States
Transport in the United States
Transport in Canada
N11 codes
6-1-1 is a special telephone number in the United States and Canada. It is the number to call for phone service customers when there is a problem with phones in an area, or when a payphone is not working properly. Many mobile phone service providers use 6-1-1 as a customer service number. 

The Federal Communications Commission did not officially decide that the 6-1-1 number should be used for this. They decided to let it stay because it had already been accepted, or chosen, by the North America Numbering Plan.

N11 codes
Telephone numbers in Canada
Telephone numbers in the United States
Fulda () is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (Kreis).

History

Early Middle Ages 
The Benedictine monastery of Fulda was founded in 744 by Saint Sturm, a disciple of Saint Boniface, when Boniface was reorganising the church in Germany.

From its foundation, the abbey Fulda and its territory was subject only to the German emperor, not to the control of the local lords. Fulda was made a bishopric in 1752 and the prince-abbots were given the additional title of prince-bishop. The prince-abbots (and later prince-bishops) ruled Fulda and the surrounding region until the bishopric was forcibly dissolved by Napoleon in 1802.

From 1764 until 1789 Fulda had a porcelain factory. Because of its quality and rarity, it is much prized by collectors. The factory was begun under Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Heinrich von Bibra and closed down shortly after his death by his successor, Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Harstall.
Stiffoller  
Arround 1717-1804, People from Stift Fulda went to Hungary, and settled especially in the Komitat Baranya. This subgroup of the Danube Swabians are called Stifolder or Stiffoller,
There is also a street named the Stiffollerweg in Petersberg near Fulda

Rulers of Fulda until Secularization
Abbots
 St. Sturmius 744-779
 Baugulf 779-802
 Ratgar 802-817
 Eigil of Fulda 818-822
 Rabanus Maurus 822-842
 Hatto I 842-856
 Thioto 856-869
 Sigihart 869-891
 Huoggi 891-915
 Helmfried 915-916
 Haicho 917-923
 Hiltibert 923-927
 Hadamar 927-956
 Hatto II 956-968
 Werinheri 968-982
 Branthoh I 982-991
 Hatto III 991-997
 Erkanbald 997-1011
 Branthoh II 1011-1013
 Poppo 1013-1018, also Abbot of Lorsch (Franconian Babenberger)
 Richard 1018-1039
 Sigiwart 1039-1043
 Rohing 1043-1047
 Egbert 1047-1058
 Siegfrid I von Mainz (Sigfried von Eppenstein) 1058-1060
 Widerad von Eppenstein 1060-1075
 Ruothart 1075-1096
 Godefrid 1096-1109
 Wolfhelm 1109-1114
 Erlolf of Bergholz 1114-1122
 Ulrich of Kemnaten 1122-1126
 Heinrich I of Kemnaten 1126-1132
 Bertho I of Schlitz 1132-1134
 Konrad I 1134-1140
 Aleholf 1140-1148
 Rugger I 1148
 Heinrich II of Bingarten 1148-1149
 Markward I. 1150-1165
 Gernot of Fulda 1165
 Hermann 1165-1168
 Burchard Graf von Nürings 1168-1176
 Rugger II 1176-1177
 Konrad II 1177-1192
Heinrich III of Kronberg im Taunus 1192-1216
 Hartmann I 1216-1217
 Kuno 1217-1221
Prince-Abbots
 Konrad III von Malkes 1221-1249
 Heinrich IV von Erthal 1249-1261
 Bertho II von Leibolz 1261-1271
 Bertho III von Mackenzell 1271-1272
 Bertho IV von Biembach 1273-1286
 Markward II von Bickenbach 1286-1288
 Heinrich V Graf von Weilnau 1288-1313
 Eberhard von Rotenstein 1313-1315
 Heinrich VI von Hohenberg 1315-1353
 Heinrich VII von Kranlucken 1353-1372
 Konrad IV Graf von Hanau 1372-1383
 Friedrich I von Romrod 1383-1395
 Johann I von Merlau 1395-1440
 Hermann II von Buchenau 1440-1449
 Reinhard Graf von Weilnau 1449-1472
 Johann II Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen 1472-1513
 Hartmann I Burggraf von Kirchberg 1513-1521/29
 Johann III. Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen 1521/29-1541
 Philipp Schenk zu Schweinsberg 1541-1550
 Wolfgang Dietrich von Eusigheim 1550-1558
 Wolfgang Schutzbar (named Milchling) 1558-1567
 Philipp Georg Schenk zu Schweinsberg 1567-1568
 Wilhelm Hartmann von Klauer zu Wohra 1568-1570
 Balthasar von Dernbach (nanmed Grauel) 1570-1576, 1602-1606
Johann Friedrich von Schwalbach 1606-1622
 Johann Bernhard Schenk zu Schweinsberg 1623-1632
 Johann Adolf von Hoheneck 1633-1635
 Hermann Georg von Neuhof (named Ley) 1635-1644
 Joachim Graf von Gravenegg 1644-1671
 Cardinal Gustav Adolf (Baden) (Bernhard Gustav Markgraf von Baden-Durlach) 1671-1677
 Placidus von Droste 1678-1700
 Adalbert I von Schleifras 1700-1714
 Konstantin von Buttlar 1714-1726
 Adolphus von Dalberg 1726-1737
Amand von Buseck, 1737-1756, Prince-Bishop starting 1752
 Adalbert II. von Walderdorff 1757-1759
 Heinrich VIII. von Bibra, 1759-1788
 Adalbert von Harstall, 1789-1814, Prince-Bishop until 1802

People
 Adam of Fulda
 Tobias Sammet
 Martin Hohmann
 Ferdinand Braun
 Sebastian Kehl
 Marcel Lehmann
 Franz Kaspar (or Caspar) Lieblein
 Max Stern
 Dirk Sauer
 Father Gereon Goldmann
 Edguy

Related pages
 Annales Fuldenses (The Annals of Fulda)
 Diocese of Fulda
 Flora fuldensis (The Flowers of Fulda)
 Ludwig Fulda (Fulda pedigrees)
 Fulda Symphonic Orchestra
 Fulda River
 Fulda (district)
 Fulda, Minnesota

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the city
 360degree virtual tour through downtown Fulda 
 Vonderau Museum Fulda
 Hochschule Fulda (University of Applied Science) 
 Institut of interdisziplinary Research - inter.research e.V. 

Fulda (district)
Fulda () is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of Hesse, Germany.

History 
The district was created in 1821, when the duchy of Stift Fulda became a province of Hesse, and was split into four districts.   The last change to the district was in 1975, when the Hünfeld district was added to the district.

Stiffoller  
Arround 1717-1804, People from Stift Fulda went to Hungary, and settled especially in the Komitat Baranya. This subgroup of the Danube Swabians are called Stiffoller,
There is also a street named the Stiffollerweg in Petersberg near Fulda

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 All around information portal of Fulda
 360 degree virtual tour through the Hessian Rhön
Kassel is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, in the north of the country. It was created in 1866 when Prussia took over the area to form the new province Hesse-Nassau. Altogether it consists of 138 municipalities.

Other websites 
 Official website
Kassel is a Landkreis (Rural District) in the north of Hesse, Germany. The district-free city Kassel is nearly completely surrounded by the district.

History 
1972 the previous districts of Kassel, Hofgeismar and Wolfhagen were joined to form the newly established district of Kassel.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Districts of Hesse
The Transvaal (lit. beyond the Vaal [pale river]) is the name of an area of northern South Africa. At the start, it made up a great part of the independent Boer South African Republic. Before the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 it became the Transvaal Colony. It is one of the original provinces of the Union of South Africa from 1910 until 1994 with capital in Pretoria. The province no longer exists, and its territory now forms the provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga and part of the North West Province. Even though it no longer exists as an administrative unit, the Transvaal is still a commonly used geographical term and retains its historical meaning.

Geography of South Africa
The Kuril Islands (; ; ), also called the , are a group of islands (archipelago) between Russia and Japan. The northern islands are a part of Russia and the southern islands are a part of Japan. Both countries say that they own four of the islands in the middle of the group. This disagreement is called the Kuril Islands dispute.

Japan is asking for return of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan and Habomai shoto. They say that these islands are being illegally held by Russia. Several political parties in Japan are asking for return of all Chishima Islands. Russia has said that it would return Shikotan and Habomai shoto in 1956 but Japan did not agree to this agreement because it meant the United States would keep the island of Okinawa.

North-Chishima / North Kurils
Shumshu (占守島/)
 Araido (阿頼度島/Atarasov)
 Paramushiru (Paramushiru, Horomushiro / 幌筵島)
 Shirinki( 志林規島/Antsiferov)
 Makanru (Makanru / 磨勘留島 Makanrusi)
 Onnekotan (温禰古丹島/Onekotan)
 Harimukotan (春牟古丹島)
 Ekaruma ( 越渇磨島/Ekarma)
 Chirinkotan (知林古丹島)
 Shiashukotan (捨子古丹島 Shaskotan)
 Raikoke (雷公計島)
 Matsuwa(松輪島 Matuwa)
 Rashowa(羅処和島 Rasowa)
 Ushishiru ( 宇志知島/Uchicir)
 Ketoi ( 計吐夷島/Ketoy)
 Simushiru ( 新知島/Shimushir)
 Buroton (武魯頓島/Buroton)
 Chirpoi (知理保以島/Chirihoy)
 Chirihoinan (知理保以南島/Brat Chirpoyev)
 Uruppu ( 得撫島/Urup)

South Chishima / South Kuril 
 Etorofu (Iturup / 択捉島)
 Kunashiri (Kunashiri / 国後島)

Little Kuril 
Japan does not say these are a part of the Chishima Islands
 Shikotan （色丹島）
 Habomai shoto (歯舞諸島) →　2008.3.21 - Habomai Gunto（歯舞群島）
 Todo（海馬島/Kaiba）
 Taraku(多楽島Polonskogo)
 Shibotsu(志発島/ZelyoniShibotsu)
 Yuri (勇留島)
 Akiyuri(秋勇留島/AnuchinaAkiyuri)
 Harukaru (春苅島/Kharkar)
 Suishō （水晶島/Tanfilyeva )
 Kaigara(貝殻島/Signalny)
Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Chishima Islands dispute

Pacific islands
Islands of Japan
Islands of Russia
Territorial disputes
A Botnet (short for robot network) is a word which is sometimes used by computer scientists. Botnets are made up of many software agents. Each software agent is controlled remotely. Botnets are known for their ability to act as a unit.

Such networks are often used to send E-Mail Spam, but they can also be used to attack (and bring down) a computer through Denial of Service attacks, amongst others.

A Botnet can also be referred to as a group of hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands of zombie computers that are under the control of an attacker.

Computing
Baroque (written as baroque) is a Japanese visual kei rock band. Although all members of Baroque were men, they dressed up when they performed in concert. At their concerts, their received much criticism and so the band broke up.

MembersRyo (Vocals)Kei (Guitar)Bansaku (Bass)Akira(Guitar)

Japanese rock bands
Visual kei bands
Luna Lovegood is a fictional character in the Harry Potter books written by J. K. Rowling. She was sorted in the House of Ravenclaw and first appears in the movies and the books in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. 

Many people in the Harry Potter series think she is a strange girl. This has led to her having the nickname "Loony Lovegood", but she does not change herself. She is the daughter of Xenophilius Lovegood and Pandora Lovegood, and lives near the Weasley's house, in a black tower. She is also the cousin of Draco Malfoy through her father, who was disowned due to being a blood traitor. She was in her first year at Hogwarts School Of Witchcraft and Wizardry in Harry Potter's second year Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and was in her fourth year when she first came into the series. In the movies, she was played by Evanna Lynch.
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 
While Luna is not directly mentioned in this book, her existence is first alluded to at Stoatshead Hill where the Weasley family, minus Mrs. Weasley, along with Harry and Hermione meet Amos Diggory and his son Cedric to catch a Portkey to the Quidditch World Cup. The Lovegood family is mentioned when Amos asks Arthur if they are expecting more wizards to meet them at the Portkey. Arthur replies that the Fawcetts were unable to get tickets and the Lovegoods arrived a week earlier.
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 
In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry first meets Luna (in her fourth year) on the Hogwarts Express train where is described as having straggly (messy), waist-length, dirty blonde hair and a distant dreamy, look. Harry thinks that she is odd because she was reading The Quibbler upside-down, and wearing a necklace made of butterbeer corks and radish earrings. When Harry first sees the Thestrals (black horse like creatures that can fly) pulling the carts, Luna tells him that she can see them too. Both Harry and Luna could see the Thestrals when most others could not because they had both seen death, and Thestrals can only be seen by someone who has witnessed death.
Later, Luna tells Harry that she and her father believe him about the conspiracy involving Harry, and that they support him. When Harry forms Dumbledore's Army, Luna joins and gets better at defensive magic. When Gryffindor's Quidditch team played against Slytherin, Luna supported Gryffindor by making a life size lion hat that roared realistically. Later in the book, when Harry was going to contact Kreacher about the location of Sirius Black, Luna kept watch for him, telling everyone that there was a gas leak. When Professor Umbridge's Inquisitorial Squad (a group of students who were given power over other students to punish) found him, Luna was captured and held by a Slytherin. While being held, Harry saw her looking out the window, as if she was bored. After they had escaped, it was Luna's idea to travel to the Ministry of Magic by Thestrals. During the battle at the Department of Mysteries, Luna took an active part in the fighting, until she was hit by a Stunning spell that knock her briefly unconscious
. After Sirius's death Harry noted that Luna was the only person that could truly comfort him about it, because, like Harry, Luna had also lost someone close to her, her mother.
Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince
Harry first meets Luna again on the Hogwarts Express when he sits with her in a compartment, with Neville Longbottom. When some admirers of Harry's say that he could sit with them, Harry declines, saying that Luna and Neville are cool. Later in the year, near Christmas, Harry invited Luna to be his guest at Professor Slughorn's party; Harry noted that she looked pretty, she wore a "spangled silver dress", and while at the party, she talked to vampires and shared her off-beat beliefs. That send Harry into coughing with laughter.
Soon after the Party, Luna was the commentator at a Quidditch (which is a game played at Hogwarts) match, in which she went off on side topics by saying that the Hufflepuff Chaser, Zacharias Smith suffered from Losers' Lurgy and she also pointed out oddly shaped clouds, and often forgot players names. Although Professor McGonagall was annoyed, a lot of students found her commentary highly amusing. At the end of the year, Luna patrolled the corridors in search of Death Eaters.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Harry first meets Luna this time at Bill and Fleur's wedding, in which she and her father, Xenophilius Lovegood wore "egg yolk" yellow robes. Later, Luna was captured on the Hogwarts Express by Death Eaters because her father wrote the truth about Harry in The Quibbler. Harry assists Luna out of Malfoy Manor, where she had been taken hostage, and she comforted Mr. Ollivander (who had also been taken prisoner because Voldemort needed information from him), by sharing her beliefs.
At Dobby's funeral, Luna gave a nice eulogy which calmed everyone, thanking Dobby for rescuing them all from Malfoy Manor. Later when Harry had to find Ravenclaw's lost diadem, Luna escorted him into the Ravenclaw common room, where she also stunned Alecto Carrow, a Death Eater. At the Battle of Hogwarts, she cast her Hare Patronus, which made several approaching Dementors leave, and she also fought Bellatrix Lestrange. After the Battle, Luna created a distraction, so that Harry could be alone.

After the Series
J.K. Rowling said in an interview that Luna became a Magizoologist, the 'Wizard equivalent of a naturalist' and she married fellow naturalist Rolf Scamander.  Somewhere in between 2008 and 2011 she had 2 twin sons named Lorcas and Lysander.

References 

Harry Potter characters
Fictional characters introduced in 2003
Early life 
Michael Bloomberg was born at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, on February 14, 1942. He is Jewish. His father, William Henry Bloomberg (1906–1963), was a real estate agent and the son of Alexander "Elick" Bloomberg, an immigrant from Russia. His mother, Charlotte Rubens Bloomberg (January 2, 1909 – June 19, 2011), was a native of Jersey City, New Jersey. His maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was an immigrant from present-day Belarus, then also part of Russia.

Education 
Bloomberg received a Bachelor's degree in engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1964. He received a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard University in 1966.

Business career 
Bloomberg began his career at Salomon Brothers before forming his company in 1981 and became its Chairman and CEO. He also served as chairman of the board of trustees at his alma mater Johns Hopkins University from 1996 to 2002.
Mayor of New York City (2002–2013) 
He was a Democrat before running for office. He switched his party registration in 2001 to run for mayor as a Republican. He defeated opponent Mark Green in a close election held just weeks after the September 11 attacks. Bloomberg won a second term in 2005 and left the Republican Party two years later. He campaigned to change the city's term limits law and was elected to his third term in 2009 as an independent candidate on the Republican ballot line. He was criticized by many for his "Stop And Frisk" policy, which has been criticized for disproportionately affecting Black and Hispanic men in New York City, as most of those stopped (~90%) were not found to be guilty of any crime or wrongdoing.
Post mayoral career 
He was often mentioned as a possible candidate for the U.S. presidential elections in 2008 and 2012, and for New York Governor in 2010. He declined to seek either office, instead wanting to continue serving as Mayor of New York. On January 1, 2014, Bill de Blasio succeeded him as Mayor of New York City.

Bloomberg is co-chair with Tom Steyer and Henry Paulson for a  report called Risky Business  by a coalition of top U.S. political and economic leaders from the political left, right, and center on the dire economic consequences from climate change (global warming), from lost property to ruined crops.

In 2015, there was speculation of Bloomberg possibly running for president in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. On January 10, 2016, Bloomberg showed interest in running as an Independent in the upcoming election. On March 7, 2016, Bloomberg said that he will not run for president lest it bring victory to Donald Trump or Ted Cruz.

2020 presidential campaign
Following the 2016 election, Bloomberg was seen as a possible candidate for the 2020 election. In October 2018, Bloomberg announced that he had changed his political party affiliation to Democratic. In March 2019, Bloomberg said that he would not run for president.

However, later that year on November 7, 2019, Bloomberg announced that he was taking steps to enter the 2020 presidential race, and said that he would make a formal announcement of his campaign soon. On November 21, he filed paperwork to enter the Democratic primaries. Three days later, Bloomberg launched his campaign and his official website.

Bloomberg's total spending in the primary has passed $500 million, making it the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in American history.

On Super Tuesday, Bloomberg won the American Samoa caucus which brought his first and only victory in his campaign. He ended his campaign the next day on March 4, 2020 and announced his support of Joe Biden.
Personal life 
Bloomberg was married to Susan Brown from 1975 until they divorced in 1993. He is now in a domestic partnership with Diana Taylor since 2000. Bloomberg has two daughters with Brown.

Articles 
Why Municipalities Are the Key to Fighting Climate Change September/October 2015 Foreign Affairs

References

Other websites 

mikebloomberg.com, Bloomberg's official website
nyc.gov/mayor, official mayoral website
Michael Bloomberg, City Mayors' Mayor of the Month for August 2012
Profile at Bloomberg Businessweek
#23 Michael Bloomberg at Forbes list of 2010 world's billionaires

Issue positions and quotes at On The Issues

Michael Bloomberg collected news and commentary  at the New York Daily News
Michael Bloomberg collected news and commentary at Newsday
Biography at the Encyclopaedia Britannica
https://twitter.com/MikeBloomberg/

|-
|-

 
1942 births
Living people
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Businesspeople from Boston
2020 United States presidential candidates
Businesspeople from New York City
Harvard University alumni
Independent politicians in the United States
Jewish billionaires
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish philanthropists
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Mayors of New York City
Politicians from Boston
American Jews
American billionaires
American company founders
Jewish politicians
An umpire is someone who makes sure all of the rules are followed. Umpires are used mainly in sports like Baseball, tennis, and cricket.

The Umpire officiate the game. Their responsibilities include:
beginning and ending the game
enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds
making judgment calls on plays
meeting out discipline

Baseball
Sports occupations
Linda Lingle (born Linda Cutter; June 4, 1953) is an American politician. She was the sixth Governor of Hawaii. She is a Republican.

References

1953 births
Living people
American mayors
Governors of Hawaii
Jewish American politicians
Jewish politicians
People from Maui
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Gackt Camui ( 神威 楽斗 Kamui Gakuto ) is a Japanese musician, songwriter and actor. Usually referred to by his stage name Gackt, he is best known for his work with Malice Mizer and his following career as a solo artist. Besides Japanese language, he has performed in English, Korean, Cantonese and Mandarin.

Biography
Biography

Early life
Gackt was born in Okinawa, Japan on 4 July. Although he claims to be born in the year 1540, it is thought that he was born in 1973. As the second of three children, with an older sister and a younger brother. His father and mother were music teachers who played various instruments with his father primarily playing the trumpet. According to his autobiography, he was a mischievous child and enjoyed taking risks; at age seven he nearly drowned while swimming off the coast of Okinawa. After this near death experience, he claimed to have the ability to see and speak with the deceased, a notion which was dismissed by his parents. At the age of ten, Gackt was hospitalized with a gastrointestinal tract and had to remain at the hospital for a prolonged time. He made the acquaintance of several terminally ill children, some of whom died during his stay.
Gackt's musical education began at age three, when his parents initiated his classical piano education, of which he grew tired four years later. It would take another four years until his parents allowed him to quit. Competition with a friend lead to Gackt taking back up the piano, and he was later encouraged to learn other various instruments, especially those used in a rock band, throughout the rest of his time in school.

Malice Mizer

In 1995, Gackt joined Malice Mizer as the group's vocalist, lyricist and pianist. Fan base and record sales grew substantially over the following years. Malice Mizer released two albums with Gackt (Voyage ~Sans Retour~ and Merveilles) along with seven singles. According to Gackt, when he began taking on more roles in the band, he was asked to leave the group. However, the other members of the band say that this is not true and that Gackt simply "disappeared" after waiting for him once their break was over.
Solo career
Gackt began his solo career on 12 May 1999 with the release Mizerable. Several albums, singles and videos have since followed. He has also done voice acting and motion capturing and co-wrote and co-starred in the 2003 movie Moon Child, which also stars Hyde (vocalist of L'Arc~en~Ciel) and Wang Lee Hom (Taiwanese-American actor-singer). Also in 2003, Gackt published his autobiography titled Jihaku and for Caparison Guitars, he has designed two guitars, named "Marcury" and "Venus".

In 2007, Gackt played the warlord Uesugi Kenshin in the TV drama Fūrinkazan Gackt's most recent solo release is the single "Returner ~Yami no Shuuen~", released on June 20, 2007, which was the first in the artist's career (both solo and in a band) to reach the number one spot on the Japanese Oricon charts. Gackt was also the voice actor for Malthazar in the Japanese release of the film Arthur and the Minimoys.
On 19 December, Gackt released an album titled 0079-0088 containing 8 tracks, which had either previously been used on the soundtracks of the Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam movies or were covers of earlier songs from the Gundam franchise. It was created as a tribute to the creator of Gundam, Yoshiyuki Tomino, for his birthday.

Skin
On 25 May 2007, the formation of the supergroup Skin was announced, which also consists of Miyavi, Sugizo and Yoshiki. The group gave its debut performance at an Anime convention in Long Beach California on 29 June 2007.

GacktJob
GacktJob is Gackt's live support band. Its current lineup is as follows:
 Yukihiro "Chachamaru" Fujimura–backing vocals, lead guitar
 You–violin, guitar
 Ju-ken–bass (currently touring with Anna Tsuchiya)
 Nell–bass (filling in for Ju-ken)
 Minami–drums
 Igao–keyboard

Former members:
 Masa–rhythm guitar
 Ren–bass
 Ryu–drums
 Toshi–drums
 Jun-Ji - drums

Sources
Sources

Other websites
 Official Website (Japanese)
 Gackt at Nippon Crown  (Japanese)
 Gackt and Dears community site (Japanese)

J-pop
Japanese singers
Living people
1973 births
Musicians from Okinawa Prefecture
Cebuano (also referred to as Bisaya) is one of the main languages spoken in the Philippines. About 20,000,000 people speak this language. Cebuano is a member of the Visayan language family. 

While Tagalog has more speakers than any other language in the Philippines today, Cebuano was the most widely spoken language in the Philippines from the 1950s until the 1980s. Cebuano is by far the most widely spoken of the Visayan languages.

It is the most spoken language by many people in the Central Visayas, western parts of the Eastern Visayas, some western parts of Palawan and most parts of Mindanao. Cebuano is one of the three main Visayan languages, along with Waray and Hiligaynon, which are more closely related to it.
Name 
The name of the language comes from the Philippine island of Cebu, suffixed with the Spanish -ano (meaning nature, or a location). In other words, the language is more commonly called Bisaya. However, this can cause confusion among non-native speakers, as there are many other languages called Bisaya even though they cannot be understood by people who speak what linguists call Cebuano. In this sense, Cebuano applies to all speakers of the language who come from Cebu island, regardless of where they live now, as well as to the language they speak.

Some people do not like the term Cebuano. For example, many Cebuano speakers in Leyte, Bohol, and Northern Mindanao (Dipolog, Dapitan, Misamis Occidental, and Misamis Oriental, as well as in coastal areas of Butuan) say that their ancestors were Cebuano speakers who were native to their area, not immigrants or settlers from the Visayas. Also, they want to call themselves as Bisaya and their language Binisaya rather than Cebuano.
Cebuano numbers 
Cebuano has two numeral systems. The native system is mostly used for counting things, like animals or houses. The Spanish system is only used for money and time. It is also used for counting from 11 and up.

Sample phrases

Related pages
Cebuano Wikipedia

References

Other websites

 Cebuano Dictionary

Austronesian languages
Cebuano
Unna is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on an ancient salt-trading route, the Hellweg road.

References

Other websites

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Unna (district)
Max Weber may refer to:

Max Weber (general) (1824 –1901)
Max Weber (sociologist ) (1864 –1920) 
Max Weber (artist) (1881 – 1961)
Max Weber (politician) (1897 – 1974)
Max Weber (August 2, 1897 – December 2, 1974) was a Swiss politician.

He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on December 13, 1951 and handed over office on January 31, 1954. He was member of the Social Democratic Party. During his time in office he held the Department of Finance.

Other websites 
Max Weber 

Politicians from Zürich
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
1897 births
1974 deaths