Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Siquijor is an island province of the Philippines. It is located in the Visayas region. To the west of Siquijor is Negros Oriental, to the east is Bohol, to the north is Cebu, and to the south is Mindanao. The population of Siquijor is about 90,000. It has six municipalities: Larena, Enrique Villanueva, Maria, Lazi, San Juan, and the capital also named Siquijor.

Siquijor is one of the smallest island provinces in the Philippines, in terms of both land area and population. Sights to see in Siquijor include an old tree, a few waterfalls, butterfly gardens, old churches, and many beaches. Siquijor is also home to one of the oldest existing convents in Asia.

References

Islands of the Philippines
Provinces of the Philippines
Drapetomania was a supposed mental illness that American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of black slaves running away in 1851. It has since been debunked as pseudoscience and part of scientific racism.

Etymology 
The term derives from the Greek δραπέτης (drapetes, "a runaway [slave]") and μανία (mania, "madness, frenzy").

Description 
In Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race, Cartwright points out that the Bible calls for a slave to obey his master, and that if he does, the slave won't want to run away.

He claimed that the disease happened when masters "made themselves too familiar with [slaves], treating them as equals".

References
References

Sources 
 Samuel A. Cartwright, "Report on the Diseases and Physical Peculiarities of the Negro Race", The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal 1851:691–715 (May).
 Reprinted in DeBow's Review XI (1851). Available at Google Books and excerpted at PBS.org.
 Reprinted in Arthur Caplan, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., and James McCartney, eds, Concepts of Health and Disease in Medicine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1980).
 Reprinted in Arthur L. Caplan, James J. McCartney, Dominic A. Sisti, eds, Health, Disease, and Illness: Concepts in Medicine (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2004) 

Scientific racism
243 (two hundred [and] forty-three) is the natural number after 242 and before 244.
Integers
6000 (six thousand) is the natural number after 5999 and before 6001.

Integers
Walter Mafli (May 10, 1915 – December 11, 2017) was a Swiss painter. He was born in Rebstein, Canton of St. Gallen. He was known for his work Le chant de la matière (1985) which hangs in Lausanne. In 2010, Mafli was accused of tax fraud. He was the student of well known French painters Casimir Reymond and Marcel Poncet.

Mafli died on December 11, 2017 in Lutry, Vaud at the age of 102.

References

1915 births
2017 deaths
Swiss painters
Swiss centenarians
People from the canton of St. Gallen
Ye Zhengda (; 22 August 1927 – 14 December 2017) was a Chinese aircraft designer. He was a professor and senior engineer at Northwestern Polytechnical University. In 1988, he was awarded the military rank of lieutenant general (Zhongjiang) by the Chinese government. 

He was a member of the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress. He was born in Guangdong, China.

On December 14, 2017, Ye died in Beijing at the age of 90.

References

1927 births
2017 deaths
Chinese communist politicians
Chinese academics
Chinese engineers
Aerospace engineers‎
People from Guangdong‎
Bernard Charles "Barry" Sherman,  (February 25, 1942 – December 13, 2017) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was born in Toronto. He was the chairman and CEO of Apotex Inc. With an estimated net worth of US$3.2 billion at the time of his death, according to Forbes, Sherman was the 12th-wealthiest Canadian. Another publication, Canadian Business, said his fortune at $4.77 billion (CAD), ranking him the 15th richest in Canada.

On December 15, 2017, police officers entered Sherman's home in North York, Toronto, where they discovered the bodies of Sherman and his wife hanging side by side next to their indoor pool. Sherman was 75 years old. Post-mortem examinations showed the cause of death for both deceased was "ligature neck compression".

In response, the couple's four children said their deaths may be murder-suicide theory.

References

1942 births
2017 deaths
Businesspeople from Toronto
Canadian billionaires
Ralph Carney (January 23, 1956 – December 17, 2017) was an American singer, composer, and multi-instrumentalist. His main instruments were various saxophones and clarinets, Carney also collected and played many instruments, often unusual or obscure ones. He started as a professional musician as a founding member of the band Tin Huey. He was known for his works as Tom Waits.

Carney died on December 16, 2017 at the age of 61 after falling down the steps of his home in Portland, Oregon.

References

1956 births
2017 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
American composers
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
American clarinetists
Singers from Ohio
Musicians from Ohio
Richard Dobson (March 19, 1942 – December 16, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter. Some of his songs were recorded by famous artists such as David Allan Coe ("Piece of Wood and Steel"), Guy Clark ("Forever, for Always, for Certain"; "Old Friends"), Lacy J. Dalton ("Old Friends"), Nanci Griffith ("Ballad of Robin Winter-Smith"), and Kelly Willis ("Hole in My Heart"). His song "Baby Ride Easy" was recorded as a duet by Carlene Carter and Dave Edmunds as well as by Billie Jo Spears and Del Reeves.

Dobson died on December 16, 2017 of esophageal cancer in Diessenhofen, Switzerland at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

Guide to the Richard J. Dobson collection, 1962-2014 (Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA)

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Cancer deaths in Switzerland
American singer-songwriters
American country guitarists
American folk singers
American folk musicians
Singers from Texas
Musicians from Texas
Writers from Texas
777 (seven hundred [and] seventy-seven) is the natural number after 776 and before 778. It is important in some religions and superstitions.
Integers
Z'EV (born Stefan Joel Weisser, February 8, 1951 – December 16, 2017) was an American poet, percussionist, and sound artist. He was known for creating his own percussion sounds out of industrial materials for many of record labels. He was called a pioneer of industrial music. 

Z'EV was critically injured in the Cimarron train derailment which took place near Dodge City, Kansas on March 14, 2016. Since the accident he suffered from many health problems and died on December 16, 2017 of sepsis at the age of 66.

References

1951 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
American poets
Musicians from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Argumentum ad lazarum or appeal to poverty is the informal fallacy of thinking that is right just because the person who said it is poor, or that the conclusion is wrong because the person who said it is rich. It is named after Lazarus, a beggar in a New Testament parable who gets rewarded in the afterlife.

This is often phrased as the statement, "poor, but honest."

The opposite is the argumentum ad crumenam.

Examples 
 Family-run farms are struggling to get by, so when they say that we need to help them, they must be on to something.
 Homeless people say that it's hard to find places to live. Therefore it must be.
 The monks have given up all material possessions. They must be enlightened.
 All you need to know about the civil war in that country is that the rebels live in mud huts, while the general who sends troops against them sits in a fancy, air-conditioned office.

References 
 Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Fallacies
 Philosophical Society – logical fallacies

Rhetoric
Johnny Fox (November 13, 1953 – December 17, 2017) was an American professional sword swallower and sleight of hand expert. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was raised in Hartford, Connecticut.

Fox began performing magic and comedy while working as a waiter in Saint Petersburg, Florida. He was inspired by Harry Houdini. Fox could swallow up to 22 inches of steel. Fox was the resident sword-swallower at the annual Maryland Renaissance Festival in Crownsville, and performed there from 1981 through 2017.

Fox was diagnosed with liver cancer in October 2016. He died on December 17, 2017 in Hartford from the disease at the age of 64.

References

Other websites
 The Johnny Fox Official Homepage
 Freakatorium - El Museo Loco 
 Maryland Renaissance Festival

1953 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
American magicians
People from Minneapolis
People from Hartford, Connecticut
Bob Glidden (August 18, 1944 –December 17, 2017) was an American drag racer. He was born in Whiteland, Indiana. He retired from Pro Stock racing in 1997 and returned in 2010.

Glidden retired as the driver with the most wins in National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) history at that time (a feat recently topped by 16 time Funny Car champion John Force). He was the third most successful drag racer of the professional class drivers (sixth when counting sportsman national event winners). Glidden won 85 NHRA National Events.

Glidden died in Whiteland on December 17, 2017 of colorectal cancer at the age of 73.

References

1944 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Indiana
Kim Jong-hyun (April 8, 1990 – December 18, 2017), better known by the mononym Jonghyun, was a South Korean singer-songwriter, and radio host. He was a vocalist of the South Korean boy group Shinee. Jonghyun debuted as a solo artist on January 12, 2015, with his first EP, titled Base.

In the same year, on September 17, Jonghyun released a compilation album, Story Op.1. On May 24, 2016, Jonghyun released his first studio album, She Is, followed by his second compilation album, Story Op.2 on April 24, 2017. After his death, his final album Poet | Artist was released.

Jonghyun died in Seoul on December 18, 2017 of carbon monoxide poisoning in an act of suicide at the age of 27.

Discography

Album
She Is (2016)
Poet | Artist (2018)

Mini-Album
Base (2015)

Compiliations
Story Op.1 (2016)
Story Op.2 (2017)

References

1990 births
2017 deaths
Suicides by poison
Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning
South Korean actors
South Korean singers
Radio personalities
K-pop singers
Suicides by gas
Electropop singers
Kevin Mahogany (July 30, 1958 – December 17, 2017) was an American jazz vocalist. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. His career began in the 1990s. He was known for his scat singing, and his singing style has been compared with jazz singers Joe Williams and Johnny Hartman. His best known work was his album It Don't Mean a Thing (1993) which he performed with Elvis Jones.

Mahogany died of heart failure on December 17, 2017 in Kansas City at the age of 59.

References

Other websites
 Kevin Mahogany's official site

1958 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American jazz musicians
American jazz singers
Singers from Kansas City, Missouri
Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
The Basque alphabet is a Latin alphabet used to write the Basque language. It has 27 letters.

List of letters

Other websites
Basque language – English Pen 
The Basque Alphabet

alphabet
Alphabets
Dotted and dotless I are two different letters in the Turkish alphabet. One of them (İ, i) has a dot above it and the other (I, ı) does not. This is true in both the capital and lower case forms of the letters (see the picture).

The dotless I has the  sound, while the dotted İ has the  sound. To show how they are pronounced, here are two examples:
 İstanbul  (starts with an i sound, not an ı).
 Diyarbakır  (the first and last vowels are spelled and pronounced differently)

Some of the other Turkic languages that use the Latin script, like Azerbaijani and Tatar, also use both kinds of I. But in all these languages, including Turkish, the letter j does not have a dotted or dotless form, with a dot only on the lower case character (J, j), just like in the Indo-European languages. However, a dotless j, ȷ, does exist in Unicode.

I
Turkic languages
I
The Tree of Jesse is a depiction in art of the ancestors of Christ, shown in a tree which rises from Jesse of Bethlehem, the father of King David and is the original use of the family tree as a schematic representation of a genealogy.
Christian symbols
Christian art
Haloalkanes are alkanes that contain one or more halogens. A variety of different reactions can form these organic compounds. They cannot quickly be reacted, making them reasonably stable.

There are many kinds of haloalkanes, used for many purposes. Haloalkanes can be primary, secondary, or tertiary and could contain more than one type of halogen. Some haloalkanes contain no hydrogen atoms.

Whether the haloalkane is primary, secondary, or tertiary depends on where the halogen is placed in the molecule. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to one other carbon atom makes the haloalkane a primary alkane. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to two other carbon atoms makes the haloalkane a secondary alkane. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to two other carbon atoms makes the haloalkane a secondary alkane. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to three other carbon atoms makes the haloalkane a tertiary alkane.

References

Alkanes
Bangla Academy Literary Award is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1960 to 1969 is given.

1960 
 Farrukh Ahmed (poetry)
 Abul Mansur Ahmed (short story)
 Abul Hashem Khan (novel)
 Abdullah Hel Kafi (essay-research)
 Mohammad Barkatullah (essay-research)
 Askar Ibne Shaikh (drama)
 Khan Mohammad Moinuddin (juvenile literature)

1961 
 Ahsan Habib (poetry)
 Syed Waliullah (novel)
 Mobin Uddin Ahmed (short story)
 Muhammad Abdul Hai (essay-research)
 Nurul Momen (drama)
 Begum Hosney Ara (juvenile literature)

1962 
 Sufia Kamal (poetry)
 Abul Fazal (novel)
 Shawkat Osman (short story)
 Akbar Ali (novel)
 Munier Choudhury (drama)
 Bonde Ali Mia (juvenile literature)

1963 
 Abul Hussain (poetry)
 Abu Ishaque (novel)
 Abu Rashid Matin Uddin (short story)
 Abdul Kadir (essay-research)
 Ibrahim Khan (drama)
 Kazi Kader Newaj (juvenile literature)
1964 
 Sanaul Haque (poetry)
 Benzir Ahmed (poetry)
 Shamsuddin Abul Kalam (novel)
 Shahed Ali (short story)
 Muhammad Enamul Huq (essay-research)
 Akbar Uddin (drama)
 Ashraf Siddiqui (juvenile literature)
 Habibur Rahman (juvenile literature)

1965 
 Talim Hossain (poetry)
 Mahbub Ul Alam (novel)
 Alauddin Al-Azad (short story)
 Muhammad Mansuruddin (essay-research)
 Obaidul Huq (drama)
 Mohammad Modabber (juvenile literature)

1966 
 Mahmuda Khatun Siddiqua (poetry)
 Kazi Afsaruddin Ahmed (novel)
 Syed Shamsul Haque (short story)
 Qazi Motahar Hossain (essay-research)
 Sikandar Abu Zafar (drama)
 Abu Zoha Nur Ahmed (juvenile literature)

1967 
 Syed Ali Ahsan (poetry)
 Sarder Jayenuddin (novel)
 Abdul Gaffar Choudhury (short story)
 Mazharul Islam (essay-research)
 A. N. M. Bazlul Rashid (drama)
 Mohammad Nasir Ali (juvenile literature)
1968 
 Al Mahmud (poetry)
 Abujafar Shamsuddin (novel)
 Shawkat Ali (short story)
 Ahmed Sharif (essay-research)
 Anis Chowdhury (drama)
 Rokanuzzaman Khan (juvenile literature)

1969 
 Shamsur Rahman (poetry)
 Shahidullah Kaiser (novel)
 Borhan Uddin Khan Jahangir (short story)
 Nilima Ibrahim (essay-research)
 Ali Mansur (drama)
 Golam Rahman (juvenile literature)

Lists of award winners
Bangla Academy Literary Award is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1970 to 1979 is given.

1970 
 Ataur Rahman (poetry)
 Satyen Sen (novel)
 Hasan Azizul Huq (short story)
 Anisuzzaman (essay-research)
 Ibrahim Khalil (drama)
 Atoyar Rahman (juvenile literature)
 Abul Kalam Shamsuddin (translation)

1971 
 Hasan Hafizur Rahman (poetry)
 Zahir Raihan (novel)
 Jyoti Prakash Dutta (short story)
 Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury (essay-research)
 Anwar Pasha (essay-research)
 Ekhlasuddin Ahmed (juvenile literature)

1972 
 Abdul Gani Hazari (poetry)
 Mohammad Maniruzzaman (poetry)
 Rashid Karim (novel)
 Shahid Saber (short story)
 Badruddin Umar (essay-research)
 Kalyan Mitra (drama)

1973 
 Fazal Shabauddin (poetry)
 Shahid Qadri (poetry)
 Rabeya Khatun (novel)
 Rahat Khan (short story)
 Syed Murtaza Ali (essay-research)
 Bulbul Osman (juvenile literature)
 Kabir Chowdhury (translation)
1974 
 Sufi Motahar Hossain (poetry)
 Razia Khan (novel)
 Syed Atiqullah (short story)
 Abdul Haque (essay-research)
 Mobashwer Ali (essay-research)
 Sazedul Karim (juvenile literature)

1975 
 Abul Hasan (poetry)
 Shams Rashid (novel)
 Minnat Ali (short story)
 Ali Ahmed (essay-research)
 Sayeed Ahmed (drama)
 Abdullah-Al-Muti (juvenile literature)
 Abdus Sattar (translation)

1976 
 Matiul Islam (poetry)
 Dilara Hashim (novel)
 Sucharit Chowdhury (short story)
 Sirajuddin Kasimpuri (essay-research)
 Momtazuddin Ahmed (drama)
 Foyez Ahmed (juvenile literature)
 Sardar Fazlul Karim (translation)

1977 
 Abdur Rashid Khan (poetry)
 Mohammad Mahfuzullah (poetry)
 Mahmudul Haque (novel)
 Mirza Abdul Hai (short story)
 Hasnat Abdul Hye (short story)
 Mamtazur Rahman Tarafdar (essay-research)
 Zia Haider (drama)
 Sukumar Barua (juvenile literature)
 Abdul Hafiz (translation)
1978 
 K. M Shamser Ali (poetry)
 Imaul Haque (poetry)
 Razia Mazid (novel)
 Rizia Rahman (novel)
 Nazmul Alam (short story)
 Shahid Akhand (short story)
 Sirajul Islam Chowdhury (essay-research)
 Abdullah Al Mamun (drama)
 Kazi Abul Kashem (juvenile literature)
 Moniruddin Yusuf (translation)
 Abdur Rashid (translation)

1979 
 Zillur Rahman Siddiqui (poetry)
 Abu Zafar Obaidullah (poetry)
 Abdus Shakur (short story)
 Zahrul Haque (essay-research)
 Ahmed Rafiq (essay-research)
 Shamsul Haque (juvenile literature)
 Abu Shahriar (translation)

Lists of award winners
Bangla Academy Literary Award is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1980 to 1989 is given.

1980 
 Dilwar Khan (poetry)
 Selina Hossain (novel)
 Humayun Kadir (short story)
 Abu Mohamed Habibullah (essay-research)
 Al Kamal Abdul Ohab (juvenile literature)
 Neyamal Basir (translation)

1981 
 Omar Ali (poetry)
 Rafiq Azad (poetry)
 Humayun Ahmed (novel)
 Laila Samad (short story)
 Abdul Mannan Syed (essay-research)
 Abul Kashem Fazlul Haque (essay-research)
 Halima Khatun (juvenile literature)
 Razia Mahbub (juvenile literature)
 Sunil Kumar Mukhopaddhay (juvenile litereature)

1982 
 Nirmalendu Goon (poetry)
 Akhtaruzzaman Elias (short story)
 Ghulam Murshid (essay-research)
 Mustafa Nurul Islam (essay-research)
 Mamunur Rashid (drama)
1983 
 Mahadev Saha (poetry)
 Subrata Barua (short story)
 Khalekdad Chowdhury (novel)
 Selim Al Deen (drama)
 Abul Hasna Md Ismail (essay-research)
 Mohammad Abdul Zabbar (essay-research)
 Hayat Mahmud (juvenile literature)
 Gazi Shamsur Rahman (translation)

1984
 Belal Chowdhury (poetry)
 Rashid Haider (novel)
 Muhammad Habibur Rahman (essay-research)
 Rafiqul Islam (essay-research)

1985
None

1986
 Mohammad Rafiq
 Humayun Azad

1987
 Asad Chowdhury
 Dwijen Sharma

1988 
 Abubakar Siddique
 Mohammad Nurul Huda

1989 
 Azizul Haque
 Syed Akram Hossain

Lists of award winners
Bangla Academy Literary Award is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1990 to 1999 is given.

1990 
 Mohammad Abdul Qayum (overall contribution)
 Jahanara Imam (overall contribution)

1991 
 Bipradash Barua (overall contribution)
 Habibullah Serajee (overall contribution)

1992
 Imdadul Huq Milon (overall contribution)
 Muntassir Mamun (overall contribution)

1993
 Bashir Al Helal (overall contribution)
 Khaleda Adib Chowdhury (overall contribution)

1994
 Wakil Ahmed (overall contribution)
 Sikdar Aminul Haq (overall contribution)

1995
 Syed Abul Maksud (overall contribution)
 Shahriar Kabir (overall contribution)

1996
 Moinul Ahsan Saber (overall contribution)
 Syed Manzoorul Islam (overall contribution)

1997
None

1998
 Sanjida Khatun (overall contribution)
 Manju Sarker (overall contribution)

1999
 Nasreen Jahan (overall contribution)

Lists of award winners
Bangla Academy Literary Award is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 2000 to 2009 is given.

2000
None

2001
 Kaysul Haque (poetry)
 Shamsuzzaman Khan (essay-research)
 Ali Imam (juvenile literature)

2002
 Zahidul Haque (poetry)
 Mobarak Hossain Khan (research)
 Abu Saleh (juvenile literature)

2003
 Abdul Hye Sikder (poetry)
 Saeed-Ur-Rahman (research)
 Musharraf Karim (juvenile literature)

2004 
 Amjad Hossain (novel)
 Mojammel Hossain Mintu (short story)
 Asaddor Ali (research)
 Zafar Alam (translation)
 Muhammad Zafar Iqbal (science)
 Faridur Reza Sagar (juvenile literature)

2005
 Rezauddin Stalin (poetry)
 Mokbula Manzoor (novel)
 Abul Kalam Mohammed Zakaria (research)
 Fakhruzzaman Chowdhury (translation)

2006
 Shamsul Islam (poetry)
 Haripada Datta (novel)
 Ali Anwar (essay)
 Mohammad Ibrahim (science)
 Mannan Hira (drama)
 Amirul Islam (juvenile literature)
2007 
 Monzure Mowla (poetry)
 Jatin Sarker (essay-research)
 Lutfor Rahman Riton (juvenile literature)

2008 
 Mahbub Sadik (poetry)
 Karunamoy Goswami (essay-research)
 Helena Khan (juvenile literature)

2009 
 Arunabh Sarkar (poetry)
 Rabiul Hosain (poetry)
 Anwara Syed Haq (folk literature)
 Shushanta Mazumdar (folk literature)
 Abul Ahsan Chowdhury (research)
 Rafiqul Haque (juvenile literature)

Lists of award winners
Bangla Academy Literary Award is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 2010 to 2019 is given.

2010 
 Rubi Rahman (poetry)
 Nasir Ahmed (poetry)
 Bulbul Chowdhury (folk literature)
 Khan Sarwar Murshid (essay and research)
 Ajoy Roy (science and technology)
 Shahjahan Kibria (juvenile literature)

2011 
 Ashim Shaha (poetry)
 Kamal Chowdhury (poetry)
 Anisul Hoque (folk literature)
 Abdullah Abu Sayeed (essay)
 Biswajit Ghosh (research)
 Khaliquzzaman Ilias (translation)
 Belal Muhammad (literature on liberation war affairs)
 Baren Chakrabarti (travel story)
 Ali Ajgar (science, technology and environment)
 Akhter Hossain (juvenile literature)
2012 
 Sanaul Haque Khan (poetry)
 Abid Anwar (poetry)
 Harishanker Jaldas (folk literature)
 Sanat Kumar Saha (essay)
 Khondokar Sirajul Haque (research)
 Fakrul Alam (translation)
 Mahbub Alam (Liberation War-related writings)
 Tapan Chakrabarty (science, technology and environment)
 Mahbub Talukder (juvenile literature)

2013 
 Helal Hafiz (poetry)
 Purabi Basu (folk literature)
 Mofidul Haq (essay)
 Jamil Chowdhury (research)
 Provangshu Tripura (research)
 Kaiser Haq (translation)
 Harun Habib (Liberation War-related writings)
 Mahfuzur Rahman (autobiography and travel story)
 Shahidul Islam (science, technology and environment)
 Kaiser Chowdhury (juvenile literature)
 Aslam Sunny (juvenile literature)

2014 
 Shihab Sarkar (poetry)
 Zakir Talukder (fiction)
 Shantanu Kaiser (essay)
 Bhuyian Iqbal (research)
 Abu Mohammad Delwar Hossain (literature on liberation war)
 Moynus Sultan (travel story)
 Khaleque bin Zainuddin (juvenile literature)
2015 
 Altaf Hossain (poetry)
 Shaheen Akhtar (fiction)
 Abul Momen (essay)
 Atiur Rahman (essay)
 Moniruzzaman (research)
 Abdus Selim (translation)
 Tajul Mohammad (literature on liberation war)
 Faruq Ahmed Choudhury (biography and travel story)
 Masum Reza (drama)
 Sharif Khan (science, technology and environment)
 Sujan Barua (juvenile literature)

2016 
 Abu Hasan Shahriar (poetry)
 Shahaduzzaman (fiction)
 Morshed Shafiul Hasan (essay and research)
 Niaz Zaman (translation)
 MA Hasan (literature on the liberation war)
 Noorjahan Bose (autobiography/memoir)
 Rashed Rouf (juvenile literature)

Lists of award winners
Dana John Gould (born August 24, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer and voice artist who has been featured on HBO, Showtime, and Comedy Central.

References

1964 births
Living people
Actors from Massachusetts
The Daily Prothom Alo (Prothom Alo "First Light") is a popular daily newspaper in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka in the Bengali language. According to National Media Survey 2014, conducted by MRB Bangladesh, more than 4.3 million people read the print edition of Prothom Alo every day. The online portal of Prothom Alo is the most visited Bangladeshi and Bengali website of the world.  Prothom Alo started its journey on 4 November 1998.
History
Prothom Alo was founded on 4 November 1998. The newspaper distinguished itself by its investigations of acid attacks and violence against women and pushing for tougher laws against the sale of acid. From press facilities located in Dhaka, Chittagong and Bogra, around 5,00,000 copies (as of March ‘2014) are circulated each day. According to National Media Survey 2012, everyday 5.1 million people read the print edition of Prothom Alo. The claimed readership of the print edition of this newspaper is 9.6 million.  According to a brand equity study conducted by Quantum Consumer Solutions Limited, Prothom Alo is considered to be the most influential newspaper brand in Bangladesh.
Digital platforms 
The online portal of Prothom Alo (www.prothom-alo.com) is the number 1 Bangladeshi website in the world.This portal is accessed by 1.6 million visitors from 200 different countries and territories across the globe with 60 million pageview per month. The e-paper site of Prothom Alo (www.eprothomalo.com) is also the Number 1 e-paper Web site of Bangladesh.  From 160 countries, 465 thousand visitors access this website with more than 26 million pageview per month.

Sister concerns 
Prothom Alo, which belongs to Mediastar Ltd., has the following sister concerns:
 ABC Radio FM 89.2
 Prothoma Prokashon
 Protichinta
 Kishor Alo
 Biggan Chinta
 Chakri.com (formar Prothom Alo Jobs)
Criticism 
Prothom Alo is often criticized for its liberal attitude. A  cartoon by Arifur Rahman was published in Alpin about a jokes partly related with religion, caused protests against the Newspaper. A subsequent order was given from the government to ban the supplement. The editor of the Prothom Alo acknowledged the gaffe. In a statement released by Prothom Alo, the editor of Alpin, Matiur Rahman, apologised, expressing regret for publishing the cartoon. The cartoonist was jailed for six months and two days, he was arrested 18 of September 2007 and released 20 of March 2008.

In 2012, a High Court bench issued an injunction on the publication of Humayun Ahmed’s political fiction Deyal at daily Prothom Alos weekly Shahitto Samwiki on a Friday.

Related pages
 Bangladesh Pratidin

References 

1998 establishments in Asia
Newspapers in Asia
20th-century establishments in Bangladesh
Avadi railway station is one of the major train stations in the Chennai Central–Arakkonam section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Avadi, a locality of Chennai located 23 km west of the city centre. The station has six tracks, including two loop lines, and has four platforms. As of 2013, the station handles about 40,000 passengers a day.

References

Other websites
 Avadi station at Indiarailinfo.com

Railway stations in Asia
Chennai district
The Royapuram railway station is a train station at Royapuram. It is on the Chennai Beach–Arakkonam section of the Chennai Suburban Railway network in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is one of the oldest railway station currently functioning in India (the original structures of the two older stations, Bombay and Thane, are no longer operational). It is also the first railway station of South India.

The first train of South India started operating in June 1856 from Royapuram railway station. The station also remained the headquarters of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway till 1922, when the headquarters was shifted to Egmore. Since the original structures of Bombay and Thane stations no longer exist, Royapuram station remains the oldest railway station in the entire subcontinent.

The Royapuram railway station ranks second in India in terms of space availability with 246,000 sq m, next to the Howrah station in Kolkata.

References

Chennai district
Rail transport in India
Syed Waliullah (; August 15, 1922 – October 10, 1971) was a Bangladeshi novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. He is noted for his first novel Lalsalu, which has been translated in English as Tree Without Roots. He received Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1961 for his contribution in novel; and was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1984 and Bangladesh National Film Awards for best story in 2001, both by Government of Bangladesh, posthumously.

Early life
Waliullah was born on 15 August 1922, in Sholashahar, Chittagong District.  His father, Syed Ahmadullah, was a government officer. Waliullah spent his childhood in Mymensingh, Feni, Krishnanagar and Kurigram district. He passed matriculation from Kurigram High School in 1939 and IA from Dhaka College in 1941. He graduated from Ananda Mohan College in 1943. Later, he admitted to University of Calcutta but did not complete his post graduation.
Works
Novels
 Lalsalu (Tree without roots), 1948
 Chander Amaboshay (Dark moon), 1964
 Kando Nadi Kando (Cry, o river), 1968
 The Ugly Asian, 1959

Dramas
 Bahipir (1960)
 Tarangabhanga (1964)
 Sudanga (1964)

Short story collection
 Nayanchara (1951)
 Dui Tir O Anyanya Galpa

References

1922 births
1971 deaths
Bangladeshi writers
Bangla Academy Literary Award winners
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
People from Chittagong Division
Recipients of Bangladesh National Film Awards
This list includes the official (de jure) FIFA club world champions;“While it does not promote the statistical unification of tournaments, that is, has not absorbed to the Intercontinental Cup (merged with FIFA Club World Cup in 2005), the title was conferred by official documents from the world federation so it is legally a FIFA world title.  cfr.  cfr. the international official competitions are trophies organized by FIFA or affiliated federations (for FIFA statute).In synthesis FIFA has two types of world champions, those coming from the Intercontinental Cup and from the Club World Cup, the two competitions confer the same title, that of FIFA club world champion.

Competitions

Official competitions
The FIFA Club World Cup is a competition for club football teams. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) organizes the World Cup every year (annually). The tournament officially decides the world title. It is contested by the winner of that years AFC Champions League (Asia), CAF Champions League (Africa), CONCACAF Champions League (North America), Copa Libertadores (South America), OFC Champions League (Oceania), and UEFA Champions League (Europe), along with the host country's national champions. As required by the regulations (integrated to the statute), a representative from FIFA presents the winner with the FIFA Club World Cup trophy and with a FIFA World Champions certificate.
The Intercontinental Cup (1960-2004) or European/South American Cup or Toyota Cup, was a football competition organized by UEFA and CONMEBOL. The competition was contested between the winners of the European UEFA Champions League and the South American Copa Libertadores. The cup was called the World Club Championship (de facto) until the first FIFA Club World Cup was held in 2000 (pilot edition). From 2005 the Intercontinental Cup was replaced by the FIFA Club World Cup. The FIFA Club World Cup also includes CONCACAF, AFC, CAF, and OFCwinners. In 2017 the FIFA Congress officially recognized all of them as club world champions (de jure) with the same status to the FIFA Club World Cup winners or  FIFA World Champions.
Winners  

There are also federations not connected to FIFA (:en:Non-FIFA international football), also for this reason the titles recognized and awarded by FIFA are intended as titles of the federation in question. An officially recognized title, by definition, is official.

In accordance to what is formally communicated by FIFA, the total count of official world titles is as follows:

Related pages 
FIFA
Asian Football Confederation
Confederation of African Football
CONCACAF
CONMEBOL
Oceania Football Confederation
UEFA
 National teams world champions (football)

References 

FIFA
CONMEBOL
Football competitions
UEFA
Blue raspberry is a common flavoring for candy, snacks, syrups and soft drinks. The flavor comes from Rubus leucodermis, more commonly known as the "whitebark raspberry" or "blue raspberry" for its bluish-black fruit.

Blue raspberry food often contains a bright blue food coloring, the most common being Brilliant Blue FCF, although this coloring is not the color of the actual color of the fruit, which is almost black when ripe.  The blue color also helps tell apart raspberry-flavored foods from cherry- and strawberry-flavored foods (cherry is usually colored red, and strawberry is also sometimes colored red but is often colored pink if the same product is also available in cherry ).

References 

Food ingredients
Trannyshack is a San Francisco drag club started by drag queen Heklina, and takes place at The Stud Bar. It has been a Tuesday fixture in San Francisco for over many years.

This club has hosted many celebrities from Mary Wilson of the Supremes to Charo, RuPaul, Gwen Stefani, Alaska Thunderfuck, Lady Bunny, and more.

In addition, Trannyshack holds the annual Miss Trannyshack Contest. At one time, Ana Matronic of the Scissor Sisters lived in San Francisco, where she performed at Trannyshack and was the first and only female to reach the finals of the Miss Trannyshack pageant.

LGBT events
LGBT entertainers
San Francisco
Stefan Grygelko (June 17, 1967 – April 3, 2023), better known by the stage name Heklina, was an American actor, drag queen, and entrepreneur in San Francisco.  Heklina is half-Icelandic and named herself after the Icelandic volcano Hekla. He founded Mother formerly Trannyshack (1996).

Grygelko was found dead in London, England on April 3, 2023. He was 55.

References

Other websites
 Trannyshack website
 Heklina's Official Facebook Page
 Heklina's YouTube video channel
 videos of Heklina's performances and Filthy Gorgeous, The Trannyshack Story
 SF Oasis : The Club 
 Heklina Talks About Mother, The New Incarnation Of Trannyshack At The Oasis 

1967 births
2023 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Minnesota
Actors from San Francisco
Businesspeople from Minnesota
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Drag queens
LGBT people from California
World of Wonder Productions is a production company founded in 1991 by filmmakers Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato. Based in Los Angeles, California, the company produces reality and documentary television programs, feature films, and new media, primarily specializing in documenting erotica, sexuality and the sex subculture.

References

Further reading

Other websites 
 
 

Companies based in Los Angeles
1991 establishments in California
Meskhenet is the ancient Egyptian goddess of childbirth. She is also the creator of Ka, a part of the soul of man to which Meskhenet will breathe into each person at the moment of his or her birth. She is one of the very few deities that have been worshipped since the earliest of times in Egypt.

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Paul Julius Nunda (born 12 September 1979), better known
by his stage name Jua Cali, is a Kenyan hip hop artist. In
2000, together with record producer Clemo, he founded
Calif Records where he has been ever since. Jua Cali
performs in Swahili and Sheng in a popular Kenyan style of
rapping called genge.

Early life
Jua Cali was born in Eastlands, Nairobi. His parents, Doreen
Onditi and Evans Onditi (deceased) were both
schoolteachers.

Awards
Won
 2006 Kisima Music Awards – Boomba Male
 2007 Chaguo La Teeniez Awards (CHAT Awards) – Best Male & Celebrity of the Year
 2007 Kisima Music Awards – Best Male Artist & Boomba Male.
 2007 Pearl of Africa Music Awards (PAM Awards) – Best Male Artist (Kenya)
 2008 Chaguo La Teeniez Awards – Favourite Male Artiste & Best Live Stage Performance & Best Collabo Song ("Kwaheri" with Sainapei).
Nominated
 2006 Chaguo La Teeniez Awards – nominated in three categories, but won none of them
 2007 MTV Europe Music Awards – Best Africa Act
 2007 MOBO Awards
 2008 Tanzania Music Awards – Best East African Song ("Kwaheri")
 2008 MTV Africa Music Awards – Best Male

References

Kenyan musicians
Rappers
1979 births
Living people
Charles Byron Renfrew (October 31, 1928 – December 14, 2017) was an American federal judge and politician. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He studied at Princeton University and at the University of Michigan.

Renfrew served as the Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California after being appointed by President Richard Nixon. He served as judge from 1971 through 1980. He then served as United States Deputy Attorney General from 1980 to 1981 under the Jimmy Carter administration.

Renfrew died on December 14, 2017 in San Francisco, California at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 Charles Byron Renfrew biography 

1928 births
2017 deaths
Lawyers from Detroit
American judges
Politicians from Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States Deputy Attorneys General
Lawyers from San Francisco
Politicians from San Francisco
Altero Matteoli (8 September 1940 – 18 December 2017) was an Italian politician. He was born in Cecina, Tuscany.

Matteoli was a member of Forza Italia party. He served as a member of Senate of the Republic. From June 2001 to May 2006, he was the Minister of Environment. He served as Minister of Infrastructures and Transport from May 2008 to November 2011. He was also the mayor of Orbetello from 29 May 2006 to 16 May 2011.

Matteoli died in a car accident on 18 December 2017 in Capalbio, Tuscany at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
 Personal profile at the Senate of the Republic website (in Italian)

1940 births
2017 deaths
Road accident deaths
Italian mayors
Politicians from Tuscany
Josef Pešice (12 February 1950 – 18 December 2017) was a Czech football player and manager. He was born in Prague.

Pešice played for both famous Prague clubs, Sparta Prague and Slavia Prague. He won the Czechoslovak First League with this team in the 1977/78 season. As a manager, Pešice led several Czech clubs before focusing on Czech Republic youth national teams. He was named the temporary head coach of the Czech Republic in September 2013.

Pešice died on 18 December 2017 in Prague at the age of 67.

References

Other websites
  Profile at ČMFS website
  Profile at FC Zbrojovka Brno official website

1950 births
2017 deaths
Czech footballers
Czech football managers
Sportspeople from Prague
Arseny Borisovich Roginsky (; 30 March 1946 – 18 December 2017) was a Soviet dissident and Russian historian. He was born in Velsk, a town in the Arkhangelsk Region (Northwest Russia).

From 1975 until his arrest in August 1981, he was editor of Memory (Pamyat), a samizdat, i.e. uncensored, almanac of historical studies that was published abroad after 1978. Roginsky was sentenced to four years in a corrective-labour camp and was released in 1985.

During perestroika Roginsky was one of the founders of Memorial, an international historical and civil rights society. that came into existence in the late 1980s. He served as its head from 1998 until his death. A first attempt was made by the authorities to close Memorial in 2014. If Memorial was closed, commented Roginsky at the time, then the organisation's many branches would have to re-register and thereafter restore contacts across the country.

Roginsky died in Tel Aviv, Israel on 18 December 2017 at the age of 71.

References
References

1946 births
2017 deaths
Russian historians
Soviet dissidents
Newcomb's paradox is a thought experiment in philosophy, specifically decision theory. The paradox goes as follows:Imagine a super-intelligent entity known as Omega, and suppose you are confident in its ability to predict your choices. (Maybe Omega is an alien from a planet that's much more technologically advanced than ours.)  You know that Omega has often correctly predicted your choices in the past (and has never made an incorrect prediction about your choices), and you also know that Omega has correctly predicted the choices of other people, many of whom are similar to you, in the particular situation about to be described.There are two boxes: A and B. Box A is see-through and contains $1,000. Box B is opaque, and contains either $0 or $1,000,000. You may take both boxes, or only take box B.Omega decides how much money to put into box B.  If Omega believes that you will take both boxes, then it will put $0 in box B.  If Omega believes that you will only take box B, then it will put $1,000,000 in box B
.Omega makes its prediction, puts the money in box B ($0 or $1,000,000), presents the boxes to you, and flies away.  Omega does not tell you its prediction, and you do not see how much money Omega put in box B.What do you do?
Argument for only choosing box B 
If Omega is always right, then Omega would only put $1,000,000 in box B when you choose to take only box B.  Since $1,000,000 is more preferable than $1,000, only choosing box B makes the most sense and since Omega is always right, then you should choose box B.

Argument for choosing both boxes 
Since Omega has already left, the amount of money in box B won't change based on the decision you make. Regardless of what's in box B, you can always get another $1,000 by walking away by both boxes.

Thought
Experiments
Philosophy
Logical paradoxes
Bernard Francis Law (November 4, 1931 – December 20, 2017) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico to American parents. He was Archbishop emeritus of Boston, former archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna.

Law was the Archbishop of Boston from 1984 until his resignation on December 13, 2002. He resigned in response to the Catholic Church sexual abuse scandal after church documents showed he had known of sexual abuse committed by dozens of Catholic priests within his archdiocese.

Law died at a hospital in Rome, Italy on December 20, 2017 of prostate cancer at the age of 86.

References

1931 births
2017 deaths
American cardinals
American Roman Catholic archbishops
Oscar Alberto "Lito" Cruz (May 14, 1941 – December 19, 2017) was an Argentine stage director, playwright and actor. He was born in Berisso, Argentina. His career began in 1968. During his career, he won two Martín Fierro Awards (2011, 2014). He was known for his roles in El elegido and in Solamente vos.

Cruz was appointed as National Theatres Director in 1995, a position he used to help have Congress pass the "National Theatre Law" in 1998. The bill helped protect struggling stages against demolition and guaranteed annual subsidies for the art.

Cruz created and produced Sueños de milongueros in 2009, a musical written in homage to authors Jorge Luis Borges and Alejandro Dolina, and cartoonist/satirist Roberto Fontanarrosa.

Cruz died in Buenos Aires on December 19, 2017 of a heart attack at the age of 76.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

1941 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Argentine movie actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine stage actors
Argentine writers
Argentine playwrights
Argentine movie directors
Argentine theatre directors
Linda "Lin" Shaye (born October 12, 1943) is an American movie, theater and television actress. She is called a scream queen due to her roles in various horror franchises or movies.

Her best known roles are in A Nightmare on Elm Street, Critters, Insidious, Dead End, 2001 Maniacs and its sequel 2001 Maniacs: Field of Screams, Alone in the Dark, Amityville: A New Generation, Tales of Halloween, Abattoir, Ouija and its prequel Ouija: Origin of Evil.

References

Other websites

1943 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Jewish American actors
Actors from Detroit
A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure movie directed by Ava DuVernay. The screenplay was written by Jennifer Lee and is based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle.

The movie stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Storm Reid, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine. It had a budget of $103 million.

After learning her astrophysicist father (Chris Pine) is being held captive on a distant planet deep in the grip of a universe-spanning evil, Meg Murry (Storm Reid) works with her highly intelligent younger brother (Deric McCabe), her classmate (Levi Miller), and three astral travelers to save him (Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling).

The movie was released in the United States by Walt Disney Pictures on March 9, 2018, in Real D 3D and in IMAX 3D.
Cast 
 Oprah Winfrey as Mrs. Which
 Reese Witherspoon as Mrs. Whatsit
 Mindy Kaling as Mrs. Who
 Storm Reid as Meg Murry
 Lyric Wilson as young Meg
 Levi Miller as Calvin O'Keefe
 Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace Murry
 Chris Pine as Dr. Alexander Murry
 Gugu Mbatha-Raw as Dr. Kate Murry
 Zach Galifianakis as Happy Medium
 Michael Peña as Red, 
David Oyelowo as The IT
 Andre Holland as James Jenkins
 Rowan Blanchard as Veronica Kiley
 Bellamy Young as Camazotz Woman
 Conrad Roberts as Elegant Man,
 Will McCormack and Yvette Cason as Two unnamed teachers
 Daniel MacPherson as Mr. O'Keefe,

References

2018 science fiction movies
2018 adventure movies
American science fiction movies
2010s American fantasy movies
2010s American adventure movies
Movies based on books
2010s English-language movies
Disney movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Agostino Cacciavillan (14 August 1926 – 5 March 2022) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church and diplomat. He was born in Novale, Italy. He was Pro-Nuncio to Kenya, India, Nepal, and the United States between 1976 and 1998. He then was President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See from 1998 to 2002. He became a cardinal in 2001.

Cacciavillan died on 5 March 2022 in Vatican City at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2022 deaths
Italian cardinals
Diplomats
A Japanese name has a surname () and a given name (), there are unusual surnames. Some people have the same first name and same name. Sato (),  is the most famous surname.

Names
Japan
Deindustrialization or deindustrialisation is a process that happens in countries when machines are being removed or reduced from how work is done. This can cause social and economic change. It is the opposite of industrialization.

During the deindustrialisation of a country, many people leave factory jobs to do other jobs that require little or no machines.

Society
Industries
Halbe Zijlstra (born January 21, 1969 in Oosterwolde, Friesland) is a former Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

Early life and education
He studied marketing at Hanze University of Applied Sciences, and sociology at the University of Groningen.

Career
He was on the city council of Utrecht. From 2006 to 2010 he was a member of the Second Chamber. He held the position of Deputy Minister of Education, Culture and Science in the First Rutte cabinet from 2010 to 2012. Then he was his party's parliamentary leader from 2012 to 2017. His highest political position was as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Third Rutte cabinet beginning on October 26, 2017.

On February 13, 2018, Halbe Zijlstra resigned after he had lied about attending meetings with Russian president Vladimir Putin.

Personal life
Halbe Zijlstra is married with one child.

References

Other websites
  Bio at Parlement.com
1969 births
Living people
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from Friesland