Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Summary 
The game has two different teams with five "heroes" on each side. They can choose between 115 different heroes. Players have to get the rivaled towers in order to eventually get to the ancient and destroy it. Through the game, players can gain gold, buy items and of course, get kills and assists.

Notes 
You can also play custom games, which are made by loyal players via the steam workshop. Dota 2 is famous for its complexity and forceful effort. Some people have earned millions of dollars playing this game in important hostages, most knowingly, the International, which has the biggest money pool in video game history, reaching 13 million in U.S.A dollars.

2013 video games
Real-time strategy video games
Echium vulcanorum is a plant species that belongs to the Boraginaceae family, the borage family. It is found only in the Fogo island, Cape Verde.

It was discovered and named by the French botanist Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier. He found the plant with flowers on July 1934.

Common names
It is locally known as lingua de vaca ("tongue of cow") because their leaves are rough. The same name is used for the other species of Echium that are found in Cape Verde: Echium hypertropicum and Echium stenosiphon.

Description
It is a shrub with many branches, up to 1.5–2 m tall. The stems are covered with many hairs. The leaves are lanceolates (pointed at both ends) up to 10 cm long and 1.5 wide.

The flowers are in dense inflorescences (groups of flowers), almost  conical, up to 18 cm long, with white flowers with blue stripes.
Where it grows
Echium vulcanorum is endemic of the Cape Verdean island of Fogo on the volcano Pico do Fogo. It occurs on volcanic soils of Fogo Island, mainly as two populations at Monte Losna/Pico Novo, where they can be found at about 1700 m, and in the border of the crater of the Pico do Fogo (the Bordeira region ) at altitudes between 2200 and 2400 m. A small population was also reported in Chã das Caldeiras (±1600 m). These populations exist generally in places facing to the southwest or the southeast. It prefers soils with a recent volcanic origin.

Conservation
Echium vulcanorum is used for the production of firewood (dry wood that will be burned) and destroyed by goats, so this species, as well as the other two Echium species of Cape Verde, is seriously threatened, so that measures for its protection should be taken with urgency.
Some conservation actions have been done at the Bordeira region (in the Natural Park of Fogo Island) and now there is a population with a relatively high number of individuals.

References

Other websites

 Echium vulcanorum at NCBI, retrieved on 19 August 2013
 Echium vulcanorum at uBio, retrieved on 19 August 2013

Boraginaceae
Cape Verde
Rafael Carvajal Guzmán (1818–1881) was an Ecuadorian politician.

He served as Vice President of Ecuador from 1864 to 1865 and acting President from 31 August 1865 to 7 September 1865. He was the Vice President of Gabriel García Moreno. He succeed him after he was assassinated.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1818 births
1881 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
Vice presidents of Ecuador
Adventures of Captain Marvel is a 12-chapter movie serial released in 1941 by RKO Radio Pictures. It was produced by Republic Studios. It stars Tom Tyler as Captain Marvel and Frank Coughlan, Jr. as Billy Batson. It was directed by William Witney and John English.

References
 Weiss, Ken and Ed Goodgold. 1972. To Be Continued... New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. pp. 180–182.

1941 movies
English-language movies
Movie serials
Movies directed by William Witney
American superhero movies
Elmore John Leonard, Jr. (October 11, 1925 – August 20, 2013)  was an American novelist and screenwriter. 

His best-known works are Get Shorty, Out of Sight, Hombre, Mr. Majestyk, and Rum Punch. He was also writing for the TV series Justified.  

Leonard was born on October 11, 1925 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. Leonard studied at the University of Detroit. 

Leonard was married to Beverly Cline from 1949 until they divorced in 1977.  Then he was married to Joan Shepard from 1979 until her death in 1993.  Then he was married to Christine Kent from 1993 until his death in 2013. He had five children with Cline.  

Leonard spent the last years of his life with his family in Oakland County, Michigan. He suffered a stroke on July 29, 2013. Reports stated that Leonard was recovering from the stroke. 

On August 20, 2013, Leonard died at his home in Bloomfield Hills (a Detroit suburb) of complications from the stroke. He was 87 years old.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Official website
 
 Elmore Leonard memorial page

1925 births
2013 deaths
American television writers
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
Screenwriters from Louisiana
Screenwriters from Michigan
Writers from Detroit
Writers from New Orleans
Enoch is a figure in the Hebrew Bible and a patriarch who lived before Noah's flood. He is the son of Jared, the father of Methuselah, and most importantly, the great-grandfather of the great Noah. Enoch was born in 622 AM on Babylon, because he lived before the flood, he is from the Antediluvian period in the Hebrew Bible.

He is respected as a saint in the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodoxy.

The Book of Genesis says Enoch lived 365 years before he was taken to heaven alive by God in 987 AM.

There are three apocryphal books attributed to Enoch, the most popular of which is 1 Enoch, also known as the Book of Enoch, a pseudepigraphical work, which means Enoch himself never wrote it. In the New Testament, Enoch is mentioned in the Gospel of Luke, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and the Epistle of Jude.
Enoch in the Book of Genesis 
Enoch is first mentioned in the Book of Genesis as the seventh of the ten Patriarchs who lived before the flood; each patriarch lived for several centuries. Genesis 5 gives us a genealogy of these ten figures (from Adam to Noah), giving us information on the age at which each fathered the next and the age of each figure when they died. But for Enoch, he is an exception; he did "not see death" ().  says that Enoch lived for 365 years, which is shorter than any other patriarch who lived before the flood; they are all said to be dying at over 700 years of age. The account of Enoch in Genesis 5 ends with the cryptic note that "he was not; for God took him". This happened 57 years after Adam's death and 69 years before Noah's birth.
Enoch and Enmeduranki 
Enmeduranki was an ancient Sumerian king who is said to have been a Mesopotamian model for Enoch, he lived before the ancient Egyptian dynasties ruling from about 3400 BC. Enmeduranki appears as the seventh name on the Sumerian King List, whereas Enoch is the seventh figure on the list of patriarchs in Genesis. Both of them were also said to have been taken up into heaven. Sippar, the city of Enmeduranki, has been said to be connected with sun worship, while the 365 years that Enoch is said to have lived may have formed the number of days in the solar calendar.

Enoch in Christianity

New Testament 
The New Testament mentions Enoch three times.
The first mention is in the genealogy of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke. (Luke 3:37).
 The second mention is in the Epistle to the Hebrews which says, "By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God." (Hebrews 11:5 KJV). This means that he did not experience the mortal death which  Adam's other descendants experienced, which makes sense with Genesis 5:24 KJV, as it says, "And Enoch walked with God: and he [was] not; for God took him."
The third mention is in the Epistle of Jude (1:14–15) where the author writes  This passage is not found in Catholic and Protestant canons of the Old Testament. The verses is believed by most modern scholars to be taken from 1 Enoch 1:9 which exists in Greek, in Ge'ez (as part of the Ethiopian Orthodox canon), and also in Aramaic among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Though the same scholars themselves already know that 1 Enoch 1:9 itself is just a midrash of Deuteronomy 33:2.
Family tree

Related pages
Book of Enoch
Noah
Nephilim

References

Other websites
 Enoch at About.com 

Old Testament people
4th-millennium BC people
Theodore "Ted" Post (March 31, 1918 – August 20, 2013) was an American television and movie director. He was known for directed two Clint Eastwood movies Hang 'Em High and Magnum Force.

Post was born on March 31, 1918 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at High School of Performing Arts. Post was married to Thelma Post from 1941 until his death in 2013. They had two children. Post died on August 20, 2013 from natural causes in Santa Monica, California, aged 95.

References

Other websites

 

1918 births
2013 deaths
American television directors
Movie directors from New York (state)
Movie producers from New York (state)
A pupusa is a thick griddle cake or flatbread from the cuisine of El Salvador is a traditional food made with corn flour, beans, cheese, chicharrón (pork), or any filling. People usually eat pupusas at breakfast and dinner. It is eaten with tomato sauce and curtido.

History

Pupusas - also known as pupisio - were first created by the Pipil in El Salvador. Over time cooking material for their preparation have been found in Joya de Cerén, “El Salvador’s Pompeii”, place of a native small town that was buried by ashes from a volcano explosion, and where foodstuffs were preserved as they were being cooked almost two thousand years ago by the tribes. The articles for their preparation have also been found in other archaeological sites in El Salvador.

Different types
Different types

Depending on what city people visit, they’ll find different types of Pupusas. if they  go to the coast side, they’ll find Pupusas filled with shrimp and fish. Pupusas can be also filled with different types of flowers like “flor de Izote” (El Salvador national flower), lorocco, Cucurbita argyrosperma, cilantro, Chamaedorea tepejilote, chipilín, mora, chicken, and papelillo.

Around the Americas

There are various types of Pupusas in El Salvador alone. From the way the dough is made to the preparation and even the fillings that are used, each place and pupuseria can have their own take on making a pupusa. On the other hand, El Salvador, a pupusa de arroz is also a popular variant. It is made from rice flour instead of cornmeal. Of course pupusas are not always going to taste the same, depending on what type of dough people make them with. Pupusas might taste a little different when using commercial corn or rice flour instead of masa harina (dried cornmeal flour) that Salvadorians use.
Reference list

Other websites

El Salvador
Breads
Katherine Wilson Sheppard (10 March 1847, Liverpool, England – 13 July 1934, Christchurch, New Zealand) was a New Zealand activist for women's rights. She helped get women the right to vote in New Zealand. Kate Sheppard moved to Scotland when she was young. She was born with the name Catherine Wilson Malcolm. Her father died in 1862. She moved to New Zealand in 1869 and married at age 24. She had 2 husbands, one son, and one grandchild.

Sheppard is on the New Zealand ten dollar note.

References

1847 births
1934 deaths
People from Liverpool
Civil rights activists
New Zealand activists
Escape from Alcatraz is a 1979 American prison/thriller/action movie. It was directed by Don Siegel. It stars Clint Eastwood, Larry Hankin, Patrick McGoohan, Fred Ward, Roberts Blossom, and Danny Glover. It was released to positive reviews on June 22, 1979.

1979 thriller movies
1979 action movies
American thriller movies
1970s American action movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies set in prison
Movies set on islands
Movies directed by Don Siegel
William "Bill" Gold (January 3, 1921 – May 20, 2018) was an American graphic designer best known for thousands of movie poster designs.

His first movie poster was for Yankee Doodle Dandy (1941), and his most recent and final work was for J. Edgar (2011). 

During his 70-year career he has worked with some of Hollywood's greatest filmmakers, including Laurence Olivier, Clint Eastwood, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, Elia Kazan, François Truffaut, Ron Howard, Sidney Lumet, Ridley Scott, and Ray Harryhausen. 

Among his most famous movie posters are those for Casablanca, A Streetcar Named Desire, The Exorcist, A Clockwork Orange, Escape from Alcatraz, and Alien.

Gold was born on January 3, 1921 in New York City, New York. He died at his home in Old Greenwich, Connecticut on May 20, 2018 of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 97.

References

Other websites

1994 Hollywood Reporter Lifetime Achievement Award video
1921 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American artists
People from New York City
Dame Whina Cooper (9 December 1895, Te Karaka, Hokianga, New Zealand – 26 March 1994, Panguru, New Zealand) fought for Maori land. She was elected first president of the new Maori Women's Welfare League.

Cooper was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for the services to the Māori people in the 1953 Coronation Honours. In 1974, she was promoted to Commander. In 1981, she was promoted again to Dame Commander. 

 

1895 births
1994 deaths
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Māori rights activists
Ellen Rose Albertini Dow (November 16, 1913 – May 4, 2015) was an American character actress. She mainly played feisty old ladies and is perhaps best known as the rapping grandmother in 1998 movie The Wedding Singer. Other roles include the homophobic grandmother in Wedding Crashers, Disco Dottie in 54, the recipient of Christopher Lloyd's slapstick in Radioland Murders, and a choir member in Sister Act.

Dow was born on November 16, 1913 in Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. She studied at Cornell University. Dow was married to Eugene Dow from 1951 until his death in 2004. They had no children. 

Dow died on May 4, 2015 at her Los Angeles, California home, at age 101.

References

Other websites
Official site 

1913 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American centenarians
American television actors
Coptic can refer to:

Copts, the Christian people of Egypt
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Coptic Catholic Church
Coptic language
Coptic alphabet
Luigi is an Italian given name. Luigi may also mean:

People
Luigi Apolloni, former Italian football player
Luigi Boccherini, Italian cellist and composer
Luigi Bruins, Dutch football player
Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer
Luigi De Agostini, former Italian football player
Luigi Delneri, former Italian football player
Luigi Di Biagio, former Italian football player
Luigi Fabbri, Italian anarchist, writer, agitator, and propogandist
Luigi Galvani, Italian physician
Luigi Pirandello, Italian playwright, novelist, and short story writer
Luigi Radice, former Italian football player
Luigi Riva, former Italian football player
Luigi Russolo, Italian painter and musician

Other uses
Luigi, a Nintendo video game character and the younger twin brother of Mario
San Luigi dei Francesi, a French church in Rome
Westerly is a town in southwestern Rhode Island, near the state line of Connecticut. The town was established in 1669. In 2020, the population was 23,359 by the census. 

Westerly might be named because of where it is in Rhode Island. But, the town may have also gotten the name Westerly from the English village Westerleigh. During summer, Westerly becomes a tourist attraction.

References

Towns in Rhode Island
1669 establishments
1660s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
The Atari 7800 is a 8-bit video game console. It was competing with the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Sega Master System. It was Atari's third-to-last attempt to create another video game system that would be a successor to the Atari 2600. It was a short-lived success.

The Atari 7800 is backwards compatible with Atari 2600 games, but not Atari 5200 games. The Atari 7800 is also compatible with Atari 2600 controllers, such as the Atari Paddle controller and the Atari Joystick controller.

References

Video game consoles
Atari hardware
The Division of La Trobe is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It covers the outer south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. At first it was closer to the city, but boundaries have since been changed. It originally included the suburbs of Croydon, Dandenong, Ferntree Gully and Ringwood. It now includes Boronia, Belgrave, Ferntree Gully, Berwick, Beaconsfield, Officer, Gembrook, Emerald and Cockatoo.

The Division was set up  in 1949, and named after Charles La Trobe, the first Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria.

Members

The first person to hold the seat was Richard Casey, Baron Casey, later the 16th Governor-General of Australia. He was later given a seat in the British House of Lords. The Division of Casey, which is next to La Trobe, is named after him. In 1961, the division was the subject of a book, Parties and People: A Survey Based on the La Trobe Electorate, by Creighton Burns.

Election results

References
References

Other websites
 Division of La Trobe - Australian Electoral Commission
 Jason Wood's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1949 establishments in Australia
The Manila hostage crisis (Tagalog: Pagbibihag ng bus sa Maynila; Chinese: 馬尼拉人質事件) happened on August 23, 2010. A man who had been fired from the Philippine National Police, Rolando del Rosario Mendoza, boarded a tourist bus in Rizal Park and took the passengers hostages. Nine people (including 8 tourists from Hong Kong, killed by Mendoza, and Mendoza himself) were killed in the incident.

Since some Hong Kong people blamed the Philippine Government for not handling the incident properly, the relationship between Hong Kong and the Philippines had become much worse.

Background

Murderer 
Rolando del Rosario Mendoza was formerly a policeman. In 2008, he was fired because of  complaints that he forced an arrested chef to admit drug trafficking that he had not done.

When he came aboard the tourist bus, he posted a sticker to the bus stating "BIG MISTAKE TO CORRECT A BIG WRONG DECISION".
Tour group 
The tour group was held by Hong Thai Travel. It set off on 20 August. The day when the incident happen was the last day of the tour. That day was also the Ghost Festival of China.

Process 
 Note that the time mentioned in this chapter is 8 hours faster than the UTC.

About 10 o'clock, Mendoza boarded the bus. At that time, he let the tour guide and the hostage contact their households. The tour guide, Tse Ting Chunn, phoned the Assistant Manager, "依家有咗好大鑊嘅問題……有個軍人上咗我部車挾持咗我哋成部車，佢有兩把槍。(There is a serious incident. A solider came apart our bus and took us as hostage. He has two gun.)" The manager told him to make the tourist be calm.

At 2 pm, a younger brother of Mendoza came. A police officer took his gun. Mendoza got angry and shouted. At 9 pm, he started killing the tourists. First, he killed the tour guide. Next, he shot at Yik Siu Ling. She pretended to be dead. Then, some of the tourists decided to subdue him, but they were shot. After that, he kept on shooting at the tourists.
About 7 pm, The Philippine National Police signed the reinstatement order of Mendoza. However, because of the traffic jam, the document wasn't deliver to him on time. When the document was delivered, he had already killed many tourists.

Deaths and injured people 

The tour guide and six tourists who were shot by Mendoza died. Mendoza was shot dead by the police afterwards. Seven tourists were hurt. Some of them underwent surgery. Mike Yadrillo y Campanero, a citizen in the Philippines and a staff of TVB were also injured during the shootings.

Aftermath

Investigation 
The government of the Philippines agreed that the killed tourists were murdered.

Sanctions against the Philippines 
On 5 November 2013, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, CY Leung, has claimed that if no progress are made in a month, there will be sanctions against the Philippines.
On 29 January 2014, Hong Kong has canceled visa-free privileges for Philippine officials. However, Aquino III, the president of the Philippines, still refuses to apologize for the incident.

Hacking 
The official website of Bulacan, a city of the Philippines, was hacked. The background music was changed to the national anthem of the People's Republic of China and text was added which requested the government to apologize.

Funeral and other matters 
After the accident, some of the bodies of the killed tourists had been mixed up. Also, the staff of the funeral house opened the coffins and let journalists take photos. Such events made the Hong Kong people very more angry. Ironically, Mendoza's funeral was held at his home and his coffin was covered by the national flag of the Philippines. This added anger to the people of Hong Kong.  A "netizen" of Hong Kong even joked that the Philippine flag could be used as doormat.
The Philippine Government said that the flag was used improperly. They had already asked the households of Mendoza to remove the flag.

Tse Ting Chunn, the tour guide, was buried in Diamond Hill Crematorium. Three tourist were buried at St. Raphael's Catholic Cemetery temporarily. The others were buried in Tribute Garden.

Criticism to the incident handling
Philippine Police 
The Philippine Police were criticized for the followings:
 They did not know how to enter the bus to rescue. Someone from the transport industry said that there was button outside the bus that could open the door easily.
 They had had many chances to shoot Mendoza but they did not do so. A security analyst, who had worked in the British Army and Scotland Yard, said that the Philippine Police should not give away such chances easily as they were dealing with an unpredictable and irrational man.
 As Mendoza just wanted to attract attention to what had happened to him, the police should not have annoyed him by rejecting his request of having somebody to review his case.
 They did not have enough equipment to carry out a rescue.
 Some "netizens" in Hong Kong found that the Philippine Police destroyed the windows where a note that was posted by Mendoza was stuck. The note was about a case which made him lost his job.
Rescue operation units 
When a injured tourist was on an ambulance, he asked for a bandage. However, a nurse told him to cover the wound himself.

Another injured tourist was sent to the Manila Doctors Hospital. However, a guard didn't let her in. Finally, when she was being transferred to the Manila City Hospital, she died.

Mourning

Hong Kong 
The Government had set up public places for mourning, and also a Facebook page.。

Mourning masses were held in churches.

Many websites of Hong Kong turned their logos gray. "A Symphony of Lights", a firework and light show held every evening at 8:00 pm in Hong Kong was suspended.

A joint demonstration march was held by the policial parties such as the Democratic Party, the Civic Party, Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions, and Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong.
The Philippines 
On 25 August, different religious organizations held Puja and mass. Upajjhayas of Fo Guang Shan, a Taiwanese temple, prayed for peace. The Archbishop of Manila led a prayer and 200 police officers lit candles for the dead in a mourning ceremony.

Macau 
Fernando Chui Sai On, chief executive of Macau, wrote a condolence letter to Donald Tsang, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong then. The Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities in Macau turned its logo gray.

Legal action 
In 2013, household of the died tour guide and some of the injured filed a petition to the High Court. The petition is against the government of the Philippines, former mayor of Manila and 7 other units.

Two of the injured also filed a petition, but it was against Hong Thai Travel.

Effect on the tourist industry 
At 21:45 on 23 August 2008, Security Bureau had raised the Outbound Travel Alert for the Philippines to Black.
In the first two months after the incident, 4000 pesos of tourist receipts were lost. In August 2010, about 12,000 tourists were from Hong Kong. However, in September, there were only about 7000 tourists form Hong Kong.

Controversies in the Internet 
Jackie Chan, an actor, said that Hong Kong people had forgiven the Philippine Police. Many "netizens" in Hong Kong disagreed his comment and condemned him. Later, his blog had an entry about his own café in the Philippines welcomed by the Philippine policemen.  He later apologized.

One year after the crime, Wong Koon Chung, a singer, said that he would support killing the Philippine President Aquino III and cursing him with foul language. He later took back his speech.

Reaction 
A Hong Kong TV station, TVB, played Can't Buy Me Love, a comedy, after the live show of the hostage incident. TVB had received complaints afterwards.

However, there were comments that comedies could make the audience relaxed.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Facebook page: 深切哀悼菲律賓遇害港人 In remembrance of the Manila hijack victims 
 Outbound Travel Alert for the Philippines

Appendix

Official reports and statement of the government 
 Meeting minutes about the incident of Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
 Official Statement of President Aquino on the August 23, 2010 hostage-taking incident at the Quirino Grandstand 
 First Report of the IIRC on the Rizal Park Hostage-taking Incident 
Review of the 1st Report of the IIRC dated August 23, 2010 
SECOND REPORT OF THE INCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REVIEW COMMITTEE (IIRC) ON THE AUGUST 23, 2010 RIZAL PARK HOSTAGE-TAKING INCIDENT

Videos on YouTube 
 The record of the hostage crisis: Part 1, Part 2、Part 3、Part 4、Part 5

Data provided by the Hong Thai Travel 
 Advertisement poster of the tour group  
 Official statement about the travel insurance
2010 crimes
2010s in Hong Kong
2010 in the Philippines
2010s murders in Asia
August 2010 events
Hostage crisis
Mass murder in Asia
2010s mass shootings in Asia
Sieges
Graphic designer is a professional related with Graphic design's and Graphic art's industry. They build piece of designs through assembling typography and motion graphics(animation). Mainly graphic designers creates graphics for published, printed, or electronic media, such as brochures (sometimes) and advertising usages. Sometimes they are also part of typesetting, illustration, user interface construction and web designs. They are presenting information as accessible and memorable form.

Qualifications
Qualifications

Academic degrees 
A Bachelor's degree or certificate from accredited trade school is considered as usually essential for the position as a graphic designer. After a career history has been established, though, the graphic designer's experience and number of years in the business are considered the primary qualifications. A portfolio, which is the primary method for demonstrating these qualifications, is usually required to be shown at job interviews, and is constantly developed throughout a designer's career.

One can obtain an AAS, BA, BFA, BCA, MFA or an MPhil / PhD in graphic design. Degree programs available vary depending upon the institution. Although typical U.S. graphic design jobs may require at least some form of degree.
Needed skills 
Current graphic designer jobs demand proficiency in one or more graphic design software programs. A common software package used in the graphic design industry is Adobe Creative Cloud. This software package contains the three main programs used by graphic designers, which are Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign. These are the industry standard applications for many graphic design positions. Another example of a common software package is CorelDraw Graphics Suite.

Outside the graphic design industry, many people use Microsoft Word or Microsoft Publisher to create a layout or design. However, depending on the job at hand, most designers create the layout in either InDesign, CorelDraw, or QuarkXPress. Specifically, the designer will type or import the text in the layout program, also importing the graphics and images they created in Photoshop or Illustrator. There are a couple of reasons a designer builds a layout in this fashion:
Files going to press are generally printed at 300 dots per inch. As a result, the file size can become very large, depending upon the photos and graphics used in it. By using a layout program and linking these graphics and images (but not saving all of them in the file itself), the working file is a fraction of the file size. When the designer is ready to go to press, s/he will either create a press-ready PDF; or use the "Package" function in InDesign, or the "Collect For Output" function in QuarkXpress or CorelDRAW (which gathers the layout document, plus all fonts and images used therein, and saves them in one folder which can be provided to a commercial printing company for final output).
InDesign, CorelDRAW, or QuarkXPress make it possible to work with large multiple page layouts, such as catalogs and booklets.
Since InDesign, CorelDRAW, and QuarkXPress the original file, linking to the graphics and images, the designer can change the "original file" and it will update all instances throughout the document to save time.
A web designer should understand how to work with XML, HTML, and basic web programming scripts. A print designer should understand the processes involved in printing (including, notably, offset printing) to be able to produce press-ready artwork.
Communication 
Designers should be able to solve visual communication problems or challenges. In doing so, the designer must identify the communications issue, gather and analyze information related to the issue, and generate potential approaches aimed at solving the problem. Iterative prototyping and user testing can be used to determine the success or failure of a visual solution. Approaches to a communications problem are developed in the context of an audience and a media channel. Graphic designers must understand the social and cultural norms of that audience in order to develop visual solutions that are perceived as relevant, understandable and effective.
Rendering methods 
Graphic designers should also have a thorough understanding of production and rendering methods. Some of the technologies and methods of production are drawing, offset printing, photography, and time-based and interactive media (film, video, computer multimedia). Frequently, designers are also called upon to manage color in different media.

References

Graphics
Designers
Saintonge () is a small region and historical province on the Atlantic coast of France. It is within the département Charente-Maritime, west and south of Charente in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Saintonge gets its name from the ancient Gallic tribe of the Santones who lived in this area. The capital is the city of Saintes.

The Saintonge was the center of the French Huguenots. Today, the region is famous for its production of the grapes that are used to produce cognac and Pineau des Charentes. Corn and fruit are also produced here. Salt was produced here which was considered at the time the best in France.

It was the birthplace of the explorer Jean Allefonsce and Samuel de Champlain who founded Quebec.

Saintongeais is spoken in the former provinces of Saintonge, Aunis, and Angoumois

References 

Charente-Maritime
Geoffrey II, de Château-Landon (born  – died 1043–46) was a French nobleman and the Count of Gâtinais.

Career 

Geoffrey was the son of Geoffrey, Count of Gâtinais, and Beatrice of Macon. She was the daughter of Aubry II of Mâcon. He was born about the year 1000. The Gâtinais was a key district on the northeast border of Orléans and Château-Landon was the capitol.  he married Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou, daughter of Fulk III Nerra. Together they were the ancestors of the House of Plantagenet. 
Geoffrey died about 1043–1046. After Geoffrey's death Ermengarde-Blanche married secondly Robert I, Duke of Burgundy.

Family 

Together, Geoffrey and Ermengarde had:

 Hildegarde de Château-Landon, she married  c.1060 Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay. 
Geoffrey III of Anjou.
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou

References

1040s deaths
French nobility
Year of birth unknown
1000s births
Populaire is a 2012 French-Belgian romantic comedy movie. It is set in France and New York City in the late 1950s. It was directed by Régis Roinsard. It was released in the United Kingdom on 31 May 2013.

Other websites
 

2012 romantic comedy movies
Belgian romance movies
Belgian comedy movies
French-language movies
French romance movies
French comedy movies
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1950s
Mehmed VI (14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. His reign lasted from 1918 to 1922. He succeeded his brother, Mehmed V, as the eldest male member of the House of Osman after the 1916 suicide of the heir to the throne, Yusuf Izzettin Efendi. He was presented with the Sword of Osman on 4 June 1918 in the traditional coronation ceremony. His father was Sultan Abdulmejid I and mother was Gülüstü (1831 – May 1861). His reign saw the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after its defeat in the First World War. The collapse of the Ottoman state resulted in its partitioning by Britain, France, Italy, Greece and Armenia. It was during this desperate time that the popular war hero Mustafa Kemal Atatürk assembled a Turkish resistance army in Ankara and fought off the Allied occupants of Anatolia during the Turkish War of Independence which he won
. After removing the Western powers along with Greece from Anatolia in September 1922, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk then proceeded to abolish the Ottoman caliphate. Mehmed was removed from the throne when the Ottoman sultanate was abolished in 1922. As the sultan fled on an Allied warship, the Turkish army then liberated Istanbul in January 1923 which cemented the foundation of the new republic of Turkey with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as its first president.
Notes

More reading
 Fromkin, David, 1989. A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East

Other websites

1861 births
1926 deaths
Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Caliphs
Vienna Bend is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana United States. The population was 1,251 at the 2010 census.

Notes

Census-designated places in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Morelos is a one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat is Morelos. The municipality covers an area of 606.2 km².

In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 1,516.

References

Municipalities of Coahuila
Syn is a goddess (one of the Æsir) in Norse mythology. Syn guarded the door of Frigg's great hall, Sessrumnir, keeping out all unwelcome visitors. Syn was also called upon to guide or protect defendants in trials. She is considered a goddess of justice.

Her name means "refusal" in Old Norse.

Norse gods and goddesses
Gerðr (or Gerda) is a jötunn and goddess in Norse mythology. She is the daughter of the jötunn (giant) Gymir and Aurboda; the sister of Beli; the wife of Frey, whose servant Skirnir, wooed and won her for his master. Gerðr spurned apples and gold but finally gave in at the terrible threat of eternal cold and loneliness, thus personifying winter giving in at last to the warm sunshine of spring. The nine nights of waiting between her consent to become Frey’s bride and the actual union is symbolic of the long nine months of hard winter in northern countries before spring arrives. In some mythologies the radiance of Gerda personifies the aurora borealis (northern lights).

Norse gods and goddesses
In Norse mythology, Rindr is a jotun. She is the daughter of Billing, king of the Ruthenians; mate of the god Odin; mother of Vali. She appears only once in the existing Norse manuscripts, as the temporary wife of Odin. Rinda is a personification of the hard, frozen rind of the Earth. At first, she resists the woohooing of Odin (the Sun) but finally succumbs to his warmth and gives birth to Vali, the light god of spring. And bous, who would later grow up to Balderus.

Norse mythology
Geoffrey IV ( – 11 May 1106), called Martel (the Hammer), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 1096 until his death.

Early career
Geoffey, born  was the oldest son of Fulk IV Réchin and his second wife Ermengarde of Bourbon. She was the daughter of Archambaud IV, Sire de Bourbon. In his youth his bravery in battle won him the nickname "Martel the second". He was so named after his great-uncle Geoffrey II of Anjou. Elias I, Count of Maine intended to go on crusade with Robert "Curthose", Duke of Normandy, who had already left. Elias asked Robert's brother William Rufus for protection for a crusader's lands while he was away. William flatly refused and made it known he wanted Maine (province) for himself. Elias was then captured, brought to William Rufus in chains and imprisoned. Geoffrey IV had been contracted to marry Elias's daughter, Eremburge. Geoffrey hurried to Maine to defend against any attacks by William Rufus. At the same time his father created a diversion on the border of Normandy. Elias however, did not trust Fulk Réchin and agreed to give William Rufus control of Maine for his release
. William Rufus took Maine back and held it until his death in 1100.
In 1096 Geoffrey IV's father released his brother Geoffrey III the legitimate but deposed count of Anjou. This was through the intervention of Pope Urban II in 1096. The pope directed that Geoffrey IV Martel was to take over the countship of Anjou. Fulk IV consented to stepping down and making his son count of Anjou. According to Orderic Vitalis Geoffrey restored peace in Anjou and was a very effective count for several years. In 1103 Fulk le Réchin disinherited his son Geoffrey. He favored his younger son by Bertrade de Montfort, Fulk "Le June". By now Fulk le Réchin was old but he still tried to regain control of the countship. There was some brief fighting. Fulk le Réchin was supported by his son-in-law William IX, Duke of Aquitaine. Geoffrey Martel was supported by Elias I, Count of Maine. In the end Fulk le Réchin lost and Geoffrey remained the count of Anjou. Three years later Geoffrey was laying siege to Candé. When the rebels wanted to negotiate for peace and surrender
. While Geoffrey was discussing the situation suddenly a crossbowman shot a bolt (short arrow) from the castle and hit Geoffrey in the arm. Geoffrey died the next day, 11 May 1106. Geoffrey died unmarried.
Notes

References 

  

1070s births
1106 deaths
Counts of Anjou
Erysimum caboverdeanum is a plant species that belongs to the Brassicaceae family, the cabbage or mustard family. It is found only in the Fogo island, Cape Verde.

It was named for the first time by the French botanist Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier in 1935. Caboverdeanum (or the original caboverdeana) is a Latin word that means "Cape Verdean" or "from Cape Verde".

Synonym
Chevalier named, in 1935, this species as Matthiola caboverdeana; this name now is a synonym because Sunding changed it to the present name, Erysimum caboverdeanum.

Common names
It is locally known as crabo bravo ("wild carnation") and alecrim branco ("white rosemary").

Description
Erysimum caboverdeanum is a biennial small bush, up to  high; its stems are woody and they stand upright. The narrow leaves are about  long and  wide and their margins are finely toothed.

The flowers, which are white or lilac coloured, are in groups (inflorescences) at the end of the stems. The fruits are very narrow and stand upright.
Where it grows
Erysimum caboverdeanum is an endemic species of the Cape Verdean island of Fogo on the volcano Pico do Fogo. It is common in soils with a recent volcanic origin at an altitude between ; it is found on the slopes of the volcano and in the Chã das Caldeiras, the plain in the volcanic crater.

Uses
The species is used for traditional medicinal purposes mainly as an infusion.

It is possible to use it as an ornamental plant, even in places like central Europe.

References

Other websites

 Catalogue of Life: Erysimum caboverdeanum (Chev.) Sunding , retrieved on 21 August 2013
 Erysimum caboverdeanum at NCBI, retrieved on 21 August 2013

Brassicaceae
Cape Verde
The 1999 Bridge Creek-Moore tornado was a very violent F5 tornado that hit the Bridge Creek and Moore areas of Oklahoma on the evening of May 3, 1999. It had the highest wind speed ever recorded at 301 miles per hour (484 km/h). It killed at least 36 people and hurt 583 others. It caused $1 billion in damage. The tornado's strength led to the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman issuing the first-ever tornado emergency. In 2013, Moore was again hit by an EF5 tornado, but fewer people were killed even though there was more damage.

Notes

References

Other websites
Doppler radar animation of the tornado
The Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3–4, 1999

1999 disasters
1999 in the United States
20th century in Oklahoma
Tornadoes in the United States
May 1999 events
1990s in weather
The Division of Jagajaga is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It covers the north-eastern suburbs of Melbourne north of the Yarra River. It includes the suburbs of Ivanhoe, Eaglemont, Bellfield, Heidelberg, Rosanna, Viewbank, Lower Plenty, Macleod, Yallambie, Eltham, Watsonia, Bundoora, Greensborough, Montmorency, Briar Hill, St Helena, Research, North Warrandyte and Kangaroo Ground.

The Division was set up in 1984, and named after three Wurundjeri indigenous Australian men. They signed the Batman Treaty with one of the founders of Melbourne, John Batman, in 1835.

Members

Peter Staples held several positions during the Hawke and Keating Governments. These included the Minister for Consumer Affairs, Minister for Housing and Aged Care, Minister for Aged, Family and Health Services. Jenny Macklin is the Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and former Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party.

Election results

References
References

Other websites
 Division of Jagajaga - Australian Electoral Commission
 Jenny Macklin's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1984 establishments in Australia
The Division of Mallee is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It is in the far north-west of the state. At , it is the largest Division in Victoria. It includes Mildura, Ouyen, Swan Hill, St Arnaud, Warracknabeal and Horsham.

The Division was set up in 1949 was named after the Mallee region of Victoria, where it is located.  Mallee is a variety of eucalyptus. The Division also includes the Wimmera region of Victoria.

For the 2013 election, Mallee is the safest Coalition seat in federal parliament with a swing of 24% needed for it to change parties.

Members

Winton Turnbull was a prisoner of war during World War Two, and held at the infamous Changi prison in Singapore. He never missed a single sitting day in Parliament during his 26 years and 8 months as a member.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Mallee - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1949 establishments in Australia
Morgan is a given name and a surname. It might also mean:

Morgan le Fay, a fictional character from the Arthurian legend
Morgan horse, a horse breed

People with the given name
Morgan De Sanctis, Italian football player
Morgan Fairchild, American actor
Morgan Freeman, American actor
Morgan Oey, Indonesian singer
Morgan Paull, American actor

People with the surname
Adams Morgan, American actor
C. Lloyd Morgan, British ethologist and psychologist
Dan Morgan (bushranger), Australian bushranger
Frank Morgan, American actor
Harry Morgan, American actor
J. P. Morgan, American banker and art collector
Lorrie Morgan, American singer
Matt Morgan, American professional wrestler
Michael Dennis Morgan
Piers Morgan, British journalist and television personality
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Trevor Morgan (footballer), British football player and coach
Vanessa Morgan, Canadian actress

Related pages
Morgan County, a disambiguation page
The Division of Maribyrnong is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It is in the north-western suburbs of Melbourne. It includes Moonee Ponds, Essendon, Niddrie, Keilor East, Avondale Heights, Tullamarine, Airport West, Sunshine and Brooklyn. Over the years the boundaries have been redrawn and the Division has been slowly moving west. It originally included the suburbs of Footscray and North Melbourne. According to the 2006 census, this electorate has the most Catholics in Australia with 44.4% of population.

The Division was set up in 1906 and named after the Maribyrnong River, which runs through it. Maribynong is an Indigenous Australian word for yam or edible root.

Members
Members

Samuel Mauger was the Post-Master General in 1908. James Fenton was the Minister for Trade and Customs in the Scullin Government, and Post-Master General in the Lyons Government. Arthur Drakeford was the Minister for the Air, Minister for Civil Aviation, and for a short time Minister for the Navy during the Curtin and Chifley Governments. Moss Cass was the Minister for the Environment and Conservation in the Hawke Government. Alan Griffiths was the Minister for Resources in 1990, the Minister for Tourism in 1991 and the Minister for Industry, Technology and Regional Development in 1993. Bill Shorten is the former National Secretary of the Australian Workers' Union. He was Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Minister for Education during the Gillard and Rudd governments. In 2013 he became the leader of the Australian Labor Party, and the Leader of the Opposition.

Election results

References
References

Other websites
 Division of Maribyrnong - Australian Electoral Commission
 Bill Shorten's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1906 establishments in Australia
The Division of McEwen is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It is north of the capital city of Melbourne. It includes Broadford, Craigieburn, Doreen, Kilmore, Lancefield, New Gisborne, Riddells Creek, Romsey, Seymour, Sunbury, Wallan and Whittlesea.

It was set up in 1984 and named after Sir John McEwen, leader of the Country Party of Australia. McEwen was caretaker Prime Minister of Australia after the disappearance of Harold Holt in 1967.

In 2007 Fran Bailey lost the election by only six votes. She asked for the votes to be recounted and she won by 12 votes The result was challenged in the High Court of Australia and was referred to the Federal Court of Australia. Seven months later, and after carefully checking 643 individual votes, the court found Bailey had won by 31 votes. Later Bailey called for big changes the voting system.

Members
Members

Fran Bailey was  Minister for Employment Services, Assistant Minister for Defence, and later Minister for Small Business and Tourism during the Howard Government.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of McEwen – Australian Electoral Commission
 Rob Mitchell's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1984 establishments in Australia
Santorini caldera is a large, mostly submerged caldera. It is in Greece, in the southern Aegean Sea, 120 kilometers north of Crete. Visible above water is the circular Santorini island group.

The caldera measures about , with  high steep cliffs on three sides. There are two small volcanic islands at the center of the caldera, Nea ("New") Kameni and Palea ("Old") Kameni. The main island, Santorini has an area of  km2.

The extraordinary beauty of Santorini's high walls, draped by whitewashed villages, combined with a sunny climate and clear air, have made it a magnet for tourists and volcanologists.

Geology 

The volcanic complex of Santorini is the most active part of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. This marks the subduction of the African tectonic plate underneath the Aegean part of the Eurasian tectonic plate, at a rate of up to 5 cm per year in a northeasterly direction. It has earthquakes at depths of 150–170 km.