Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Michael Joseph "Mike" Mansfield (March 16, 1903 – October 5, 2001) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served as a U.S. Representative (1943–1953) and a U.S. Senator (1953–1977) from Montana. He was the longest-serving Senate Majority Leader, serving from 1961 to 1977.

During his time, he led Great Society programs through the Senate and strongly opposed the Vietnam War.

After retiring from the Senate, Mansfield served as U.S. Ambassador to Japan from 1977 to 1988. On retiring as ambassador, he was awarded the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1989). He won this in part for his role in the resignation of Republican President Richard Nixon. Mansfield is the longest-serving American ambassador to Japan in history.

After his ambassadorship, Mansfield served for a time as a senior adviser on East Asian affairs to Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street investment banking company.
Mansfield died of congestive heart failure in Washington, D.C. on October 5, 2001. He was aged 98.

References

1903 births
2001 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Japan
American historians
American military personnel of World War I
American Roman Catholics
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
Politicians from New York City
United States representatives from Montana
United States senators from Montana
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Academics from Montana
Military people from New York (state)
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors () is a South Korean football club from Jeollabuk-do.

Records

Key
Tms. = Number of teams
Pos. = Position in league

Honours

Domestic

League
 K League 1
 Winners (9): 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
 Runners-up (2): 2012, 2016

Cup
 FA Cup
 Winners (5): 2000, 2003, 2005, 2020, 2022
 Runners-up (2): 1999, 2013
 League Cup
 Runners-up (1): 2010
 Super Cup
 Winners (1): 2004
 Runners-up (2): 2001, 2006

Continental
 AFC Champions League
 Winners (2): 2006, 2016
 Runners-up (1): 2011
 Asian Cup Winners Cup
 Runners-up (1): 2002

South Korean football clubs
An intervertebral disc is a kind of padding between vertebrae in the vertebral column. They are shock absorbers in the spine, and are very important to the health of the spine. The disc is a fibrocartilaginous joint. It allows slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together.

Discs have an outer fibrous ring, made up of both type I and type II collagen. Type I is concentrated towards the edge of the ring where it provides greater strength. The fibrous intervertebral disc contains the nucleus pulposus and this helps to  distribute pressure evenly across the disc.  

The nucleus pulposus contains loose fibers suspended in a mucoprotein gel. The nucleus of the disc acts as a shock absorber, absorbing impacts and keeping the two vertebrae separated. It is the remnant of the notochord.

References 

Skeletal system
Spintronics is a kind of electronics that uses the tiny magnetic fields that come from electrons as well as their electric charge. The word spintronics is made up of the words spin and electronics

In atoms, electrons can be said to go around the nucleus of an atom and possess some spinning energy. They also have  their own spin, like a spinning top, which  is separate from the atom and they keep even when they are moving  freely. There are two ways for  something  to spin, clockwise and anti-clockwise. In the tiny quantum world the terms  'up' or 'down' are used instead. 

The electron spin of large numbers of electrons plays a role as a source of the magnetism in permanent magnets. In most materials these spins are random in direction and so no magnetic field results. In normal electronics  the flow of current in a wire  can also be used to produce a magnetic field which is known as electromagnetism. Neither of these form a part of spintonics.
In spintronics the property of the spin of the electrons themselves is used directly.  It  makes use of the electrons in a solid metal or semiconductor.

In spintronics the electron spin of just a few electrons in a material are made to align in one direction by briefly applying a very large magnetic field. Even when the magnetic field is removed the electrons will remain aligned in  their spins. This alignment will slowly fade away over time but will persist for a while.

Since these aligned spins produce a resultant  magnet field they can be detected and even used to move  the electrons.  

The deliberate moving of only those electrons with a certain spin  can be used to store information and this technology has been called spintronics to distinguish it from conventional use of electrons in electronics which uses their electric charge only.
Spintronics is an area of research in which scientists are trying to make useful devices and are making progress. Some devices write the electron spin codes into the surface of a moving disk and others make them in sold transistor junctions as RAM. They promise a technology that could create faster and  smaller electronic devices that  use less energy.

Other websites 
 Utilization of Spintronics, Jitendra S. Pingale, Mukesh D. Patil, Umar I. Masumdar. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013. ISSN 2250-3153 .

Electronics
The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh () was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Oudh or Awadh in India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to a dynasty of Qara-Qoyunlu origin from Nishapur. Saadat Khan (1722–1739) became the first Nawab of Awadh in 1722. He was a Mughal wazir and the founder of the state of Awadh.

References 

18th century in India
19th century in India
Antioch College is a private, liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio, in the United States. Established in 1850 by the Christian Connection, the college began operating in 1852; politician and education expert Horace Mann became its first president. It was the founding, forming college of Antioch University, which Antioch College outlived until 2008. The College remained out of business for three years before being reestablished in 2011, and fully disconnected from the university as an independent institution by 2014.

The College has produced two Nobel Prize winners. José Ramos-Horta, the 1996 laureate for Peace, earned his Master of Arts in 1984. Mario Capecchi, the 2007 laureate for Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, earned his Bachelor of Science in 1961.

References 

Colleges and universities in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places
1852 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Ohio
A keytar is a musical instrument. It is shaped and held like a guitar, but has keys like a keyboard. Keytars are lightweight keyboards that have a strap that is put around the neck and shoulders. The instrument has a keyboard for playing musical notes and sounds. The earliest keytars were created around the 1970's. This picture of a keytar is one of the most popular keytars. Most popular keytars are seen with a red guitar neck and played in 1980 movies. first appeared in a magazine in 1980.

Keyboard instruments
Electronic musical instruments
Melody Ann Thomas Scott (b. April 18, 1956) is an American actress who acts in soap operas. She played Nikki Newman on the soap opera The Young and the Restless. She also played Darlene Jarvis in The Waltons in the 1970s. She won awards for Outstanding Actress from the 17th Soap Opera Digest Awards for her act as Nikki Newman.

Thomas Scott started her career as a child actress. 

Thomas Scott was born in Los Angeles, California.

Acting roles

Awards and nominations

References

1956 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Show, don't tell is a type of writing technique used by authors. Instead of explaining a story, as in a summary, a writer makes the reader feel what is happening. It creates a picture of something in the reader's mind. When the reader gets a clear mental picture the story becomes more interesting. The technique is used in both fiction and non-fiction writing.

Examples of show, don't tell 
 Telling: "The room was perfect. She saw it and was immediately transported back to her childhood because it had all the elements she remembered."
 Showing: "She threw open the wide oak door and stepped into a past from twenty years ago. The bedroom she remembered, down to the last detail. Pink candy-striped walls with white trim. A thick white shag carpet, two plush maroon velvet chairs flanking a silent fireplace."

In the first example, the author is telling what the character feels. In the second example, the author is allowing the reader to picture what the character was experiencing when she opened the door.
Show and tell 
Good writing may involve both showing and telling. A scene shows the reader what is happening.  It allows the reader to experience the action and emotions of the people in the story. A summary is often used between scenes to connect them together to create a story. Another use of summaries is in places where a part of the story needs to be brief. Showing takes more words than telling. Less important parts of a story are sometimes mentioned very briefly.

References 

Writing
Marlow Webster Cook (July 27, 1926 – February 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the United States Senator from Kentucky from December 17, 1968 to December 27, 1974. He was born in Akron, New York.

Cook died in Sarasota, Florida on February 4, 2016. He died from complications of a heart attack. He was aged 89.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
United States senators from Kentucky
Politicians from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Joseph Francis "Joe" Alaskey (April 17, 1952 – February 3, 2016) was an American actor, impressionist, stand-up comedian and voice actor. He was known for voicing Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety and other characters from Warner Bros. cartoons. He voiced Plucky Duck on Tiny Toon Adventures from 1990 to 1995.

Alaskey won an Emmy Award in 2004.

Alaskey was the second actor to voice Grandpa Lou Pickles on Rugrats. He voiced Lou again in the Rugrats spin-off series, All Grown Up! and all three movies. He also voiced Stinkie in Casper.

Alaskey died in Green Island, New York from cancer on February 3, 2016. He was aged 63.

References

Other websites
 

1952 births
2016 deaths
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
Comedians from New York (state)
Emmy Award winning actors
Abe Waddington (4 February 1893 – 28 October 1959) was an English professional cricket player. He played for Yorkshire. He played two Test matches for England in 1920 and 1921. He also played football for Halifax Town.

1893 births
1959 deaths
English cricketers
Sportspeople from Bradford
Tweety (or Tweety Bird) is a fictional character from Looney Tunes. He is a yellow canary. He has also appeared in comic books. He was voiced by Mel Blanc. He is mainly known for saying “I tought I taw a puddy tat”, which is a babyish way of saying that he saw a cat. This cat is usually Sylvester, who tries to eat Tweety.

References 

Animated characters
Anthromophic characters
Fictional birds
Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
Looney Tunes characters
Tune Squad players
Maurice White (December 19, 1941 – February 4, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, arranger and bandleader. He was the founder of the band Earth, Wind & Fire. He was also the older brother of current Earth, Wind & Fire member Verdine White, and former member Fred White. His career began in 1961. He retired in 2014 due to his health.

White was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He was raised in Memphis and in Chicago, Illinois. 

White served as the band's main songwriter and record producer, and was co-lead singer (along with Philip Bailey).  White won seven Grammys, and was nominated for 21 Grammys in total.

White died in his sleep on February 4, 2016 from complications of Parkinson's disease. He died at his home in Los Angeles. He was aged 74.

References

Other websites

Kalimba Entertainment
Kalimba Music
Official Earth, Wind & Fire Website
Grammy Award winners
1941 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
American funk musicians
American jazz musicians
American R&B musicians
American R&B singers
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
American funk singers
Singers from Chicago
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Musicians from Chicago
Writers from Memphis, Tennessee
Writers from Chicago
Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky (born March 17, 1997) is an American competition swimmer. At the 2012 Olympics in London, she won the gold medal in the 800-meter freestyle. At the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she won four gold medals.

At the world championships in 2013 in Barcelona, Spain, and the 2015 world championships in Kazan, Russia, she won 9 gold medals in total. She has broken a world record 13 times, in the 400-meter, 800-meter, and 1500-meter freestyle.

Ledecky was born in Washington, D.C.

References

1997 births
Living people
American swimmers
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
Peter Barry (10 August 1928 – 26 August 2016) was an Irish politician and businessman. He was from Cork city. He was a member of Fine Gael. He was a Teachta Dála (TD; member of parliament) from 1969 to 1997, and Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1987. He helped negotiate the Anglo-Irish Agreement. In 1987, he served for a short time as Tánaiste (deputy prime minister).

References

1928 births
2016 deaths
Irish politicians
Irish businesspeople
A chalice is a cup that has a footed part on the bottom. It is used in some religious ceremonies for drinking.

Other websites 

 "Chalice" article from the Catholic Encyclopedia

Religious symbols
Containers
Max Kaur (born December 9, 1969 in Tallinn) is an Estonian politician. He is a member of the Centre Party. He was Mayor of Mustvee 2013-2017. Since 2018 he is a Jõhvi municipality vice-governor. Since 2019 he is a Mayor of Johvi.

Education 
Max Kaur studied law at Moscow International Independent University of Environmental and Political Sciences (IIUEPS), LL.B., and economics at Saint Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics, MS in Economics. He earned his PhD in 2013 from Saint Petersburg State University of Economics.

Career 
Max Kaur was counsellor of the Mayor of Tallinn, Edgar Savisaar from 2002 to 2005. He was vice-mayor of Maardu from 2005 to 2006. Max Kaur was first elected to Tallinn City Council in the Estonian local elections 2009. He was elected Mayor of Mustvee in April 2013. He was re-elected in December 2013.

He was a founder and leader of the Estonian social movement against gambling. He is an author of the idea to create a unique sculpture in Tallinn against addiction.
References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
Estonian mayors
iOS 9 (codenamed Monarch) is a version of iOS released on September 16, 2015. iOS 9 added many things to make the operating system better. Some of the things it added were a new News application, updates to the Notes and Map applications, and improvements to Siri and the Spotlight feature. For the iPad, iOS 9 also added a split screen feature. The current version of iOS 9 is iOS 9.3.6.

References

Operating systems
9
David Michael "Dave" Mirra (April 4, 1974 – February 4, 2016) was an American BMX athlete. He was also a driver for Subaru Rally Team USA. He was born in Chittenango, New York.

Mirra held the record for most X-Games medals until being passed by Bob Burnquist at X Games Munich in 2013. Mirra has won medals in every X Games from when they started in 1995 up to 2008. He has won a total of 24 medals at the X Games. In 2008, he placed second in BMX Big Air and third in Rally Car Racing at the X Games.

He was known mainly as a vert ramp and park rider. He rode and was sponsored by Haro Bikes from the mid 1990s. He later started his own bike company, and rode those instead. In 2004, Mirra appeared on an episode of George Lopez. Mirra was a member of the team which won the 2014 Race Across America Four-Person Male (Under 50) category.

He also was the host for two seasons of MTV's Real World/Road Rules Challenge.
Personal life and death 
Mirra and his wife, Lauren, had two daughters. In 2010, Mirra was sick with bacterial meningitis. After he recovered, he went back to rallying.

On February 4, 2016, Mirra died of suicide by a gunshot wound in Greenville, North Carolina. Police answering an emergency call found his body in a truck. He had been visiting friends in the area. Allen Thomas, the mayor of Greenville, said Mirra was "a great friend and wonderful human being".  He was 41 years old.

References

1974 births
2016 deaths
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Racecar drivers
American cyclists
Signe Toly Anderson (September 15, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American singer. She was one of the founding members of the American rock band Jefferson Airplane. Anderson was born in Seattle, Washington.

Anderson died from complications of COPD at her home in Beaverton, Oregon. She was aged 74.

References

Other websites
 Jefferson Airplane | Fillmore Auditorium | San Francisco, CA | Oct 15, 1966 | Late Show - concertvault.com 
 Got a Revolution!: The Turbulent Flight of Jefferson Airplane, Jeff Tamarkin, Atria, 2005, 
 Jefferson Airplane website 

1941 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Jefferson Airplane members
Singers from Seattle
Property is the ownership of land, resources, objects, or intellectual property.

The word property can have several meanings:

Philosophy and science
 Property (philosophy), in philosophy and science, a feature or characteristic of something
Material property, a feature or characteristic of a material
Chemical property, a feature of a material that appears during a chemical reaction
Physical property, a feature or characteristic of something which can be measured
Thermodynamic properties, physical properties of substances
Mental property, a feature or characteristic of the mind

Other uses
 Real property, a piece of land that is owned by somebody, including any buildings on this land
 Theatrical property (usually known as a "prop"), any object used by a performer
A property, commonly shortened to prop (plural: props), is any object used in performing arts during a performance. They are used on the stage in theatre, and on the screen by actors in movies and television. A prop is anything on a stage or a set that is able to be moved. It is different from the scenery, costumes and production equipment.

Anything that is used but is not part of the scenery (the set) is a prop, e.g., furniture, a book that an actor pretends to read, a pipe that they smoke. Food appearing in the production is also a prop.

Props are looked after by a properties master.  Sometimes, for small things like books or fans, it is the actor who is responsible for making sure he has the prop. This is called a "personal prop".

People have been accidentally killed by props. One case is from 2021.

Related pages

The death of Brandon Lee
Rust shooting incident

References

Theater
In science, a property is anything that describes a material or substance. It is a characteristic of that material. For example, how hard the material is, its colour, or its shape. Elasticity is a property of rubber; in other words: rubber is elastic. A property may be a constant (always the same) or it may only appear when something changes, such as temperature.

Chemical properties include things like surface tension, pH, reactivity, allotropy. Conductivity is how able a material is to transport electric charge or heat.

Other examples
 Ductility, how easy it is to stretch a material
 Flammability, how easily a material will catch fire
 Luminosity, how bright an object is
 Malleability, how easy it is to re-shape a material without damaging it
 Permeability, how dense a magnetic field would be if current passes through it
 Tensile strength, how much force must be applied to a material to break it
 Viscosity, how thick a fluid is

Related pages
 Physical property
 Chemical property

Materials science
Approximation theory is a field of mathematics which is concerned with approximating the values of a function. Usually, the approximation is only needed for a range of values or domain. A good approximation will only have a small error in the domain of interest.

There are different ways in which this approximation is done: common ones are using a combination of simpler functions or using polynomials.

Related pages 
Curve fitting
Taylor series

Further reading
 Trefethen, L. N. (2019). Approximation theory and approximation practice. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Mathematical approximation
Bad Dudes Vs. Dragon Ninja is a video game created in 1988 by the company Data East. It was originally made for arcades. It was popular as an arcade game.

It is an action game with good charts and sound. There is a boss at the end of each level. In the last level all the bosses confront the player one by one. After they are all defeated, the Dragon Boss appears.

Arcade games
1987 video games
Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Apple II games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Mark Barnes (1970 – 1 January 2016) also known as Mark B, was a British hip-hop record producer. He was most active in the 1990s and early 2000s. He worked with Task Force and Blade on many of his records. Barnes was a disc jockey for Jazz Fudge Recordings for much of his career. Mark B first signed with Jazz Fudge in 1995. He produced some tracks for DJ Vadim's U.S.S.R. albums. His first individual album was Underworld Connection, released in 1997. He died in January 2016.

Discography
 Any More Questions? (1995)
 Underworld Connection (1997)
 Disco-Loated Beats & Sounds, Vol. 1 (1997)
 New Skool Dean (1998)
 Hitmen for Hire (1998)
 Nobody Relates (1998)
 Split Personalities/From the World Lab (2000)
 The Unknown (2000)
 The Unknown: The New Version (2001)

References

1970 births
2016 deaths
British record producers
Michael Santiago Render (born April 20, 1975), better known by his stage name Killer Mike, is an American rapper, activist, and occasional actor. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder of Grind Time Official Records.

Career
Mike was first heard on "Snappin' and Trappin, a song from the hip hop duo OutKast's album Stankonia (2000). He later appeared on the Grammy-winning song "The Whole World", a single from OutKast's greatest hits album Big Boi and Dre Present...OutKast.

In December 2008, Mike signed to T.I.'s Grand Hustle Records. In 2012, he released R.A.P. Music, produced by rapper and producer El-P. In 2013, the two formed a duo called Run the Jewels. The two signed to Fool's Gold Records and released Run the Jewels in June of that year.
Politics
Killer Mike is a member of the Democratic Party. He supports Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. After introducing Sanders at a rally held in Atlanta November 23, 2015, Mike spent time recording an interview with the presidential candidate. Mike released his interview with Bernie Sanders as a six-part video series the following month.

References

Other websites

 
 

1975 births
Living people
21st-century American rappers
Rappers from Georgia (U.S. state)
American activists
American movie actors
American songwriters
Atlantic Records artists
Grammy Award winners
Rappers from Atlanta
Actors from Atlanta
Kristine Miller (June 13, 1925 – late 2015) was an American movie actress. She was known for her appearances in film noir and Western movies. She appeared in I Walk Alone (1948) with Lizabeth Scott and Burt Lancaster, Jungle Patrol (1948), Too Late for Tears (1949), Shadow on the Wall (1950), and the television series Stories of the Century (1954–55).

Miller was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to a Danish father and an American mother. She was raised in the United States (in New Orleans, Fresno, Long Island, New York and San Francisco) and in Copenhagen in Denmark. Miller studied at San Francisco State College. She was married to William Schuyler from 1953 until his death in 2013. They had two daughters.

Miller died in late 2015 in a hospital from congestive heart failure in Monterey, California. She was aged 90. Her death was announced on February 4, 2016.

References

Other websites

 Kristine Miller at the American Film Institute
1925 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Buenos Aires
Actors from Fresno, California
Actors from Copenhagen
Actors from New Orleans
Actors from New York (state)
Actors from San Francisco
Sweet Hearts Dance is a 1988 American comedy drama movie directed by Robert Greenwald. It was written by Ernest Thompson. It is about two small-town couples, one married for several years and the other at the beginning of their relationship. It stars Don Johnson, Susan Sarandon, Jeff Daniels, and Elizabeth Perkins. 

It was filmed in Hyde Park, Vermont. The mayor of Burlington and future United States senator Bernie Sanders had a cameo appearance in the movie. It was released on September 23, 1988 to mixed reviews. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie two out of four stars.

Other websites

1988 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Robert Leslie Shapiro (born September 2, 1942) is an American civil lawyer of Jewish descent. He is a senior partner in the law firm Glaser Weil Fink Jacobs Howard Avchen & Shapiro, LLP, which is based in Los Angeles.

Shapiro was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles and Loyola Law School.

Shapiro is known for being part of the team which successfully defended O. J. Simpson in 1995 from the charges that he murdered his ex-wife Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman in 1994. Shortly after the O. J. Simpson trial, Shapiro moved his practice away from criminal defense toward the civil litigation arena.

He is also the voice of, and pictured in, the television commercials for the LegalZoom company he co-founded.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
Living people
Lawyers from New Jersey
Jewish lawyers
People from Plainfield, New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Lawyers from Los Angeles
Laramie may refer to.

People
Jacques LaRamie, Canadian fur trapper, who was killed near the namesake river

Places
Laramie, Wyoming
Laramie County, Wyoming
Laramie Mountains, a range of peaks in the Rocky Mountains in the states of Wyoming and Colorado in the United States
Laramie River
North Laramie River
A blood agent is a poisonous chemical.  A blood agent makes it impossible for a person's blood to hold oxygen and bring it to the rest of the body.  Every part of the body needs oxygen to survive.  Blood agents can cause life-threatening symptoms like seizures or coma, which happen because the brain is not getting enough oxygen.  In high enough doses, blood agents can make a person suffocate.

When they are used on purpose to kill many people, blood agents are weapons of mass destruction (WMDs).

The most common types of blood agents are chemical compounds that include cyanide.  However, other blood agents are based on arsenic.

Types of blood agents
There are many different blood agents.  Below is some information about the blood agents that are most likely to be used as weapons of mass destruction:

All of these chemicals are colorless, except for phosgene.  Phosgene gas is colorless, but liquid phosgene is a very light yellow.
According to a book on the history of chemical weapons, the most toxic and effective blood agents are hydrogen cyanide and phosgene; followed by cyanogen and arsine; then cyanogen chloride; and finally vinyl arsine.

How they work

Usually, the bloodstream carries oxygen from the air we breathe to the entire body.  The cells in the body need oxygen to survive, and they also need to get rid of carbon dioxide.  (Carbon dioxide is left over when cells make energy; too much of it is poisonous.)  Usually, cells pick up oxygen from the bloodstream, and send carbon dioxide out into the bloodstream.  This is called gas exchange.

Blood agents prevent gas exchange.  They keep oxygen from getting into the body's cells.  Without oxygen, cells die.  If a person gets a high enough dose of a blood agent, they will suffocate because the oxygen they breathe in cannot get into the body's cells.
Exposure
"Exposure" means that a chemical touched or got into a person's body.  That person has been "exposed" to the chemical.  Most people who are exposed to blood agents breathe in or swallow the chemical.  This can happen accidentally or on purpose.

For example, there are cyanide compounds in cigarette smoke and in smoke from many building fires.  Also, cyanide compounds and arsine are used in pesticides.  Most exposures to arsine happen accidentally to people who work around these chemicals.

Usually, when blood agents are used as a weapon of mass destruction, they are sprayed into the air, so people will inhale them.

Signs and symptoms
When a person is exposed to a blood agent, their symptoms will depend on a few things:
 How much of the blood agent the person breathed in or swallowed (this is called concentration)
 How long the person was exposed to the blood agent (duration)
If a person is exposed to a small amount of a blood agent, their symptoms may not be life-threatening.  For example, they may get confused, feel very tired, or have a headache, nausea, and vomiting.

However, if a person is exposed to a high dose of a blood agent, they can have much more serious symptoms, including:
 Seizures (caused by the brain not getting enough oxygen)
 Paralysis
 Cardiac arrhythmias (caused by the heart not getting enough oxygen)
 Coma (because the brain is not getting enough oxygen to keep the person conscious)
 Respiratory failure

Blood agents act very quickly.  If a person gets a high enough dose, they will start having these symptoms just a few seconds after being exposed.  They can die in minutes - or even seconds - from respiratory failure.
Treatment
There are a few different antidotes to cyanide poisoning.  The cyanide antidote kit used most often in the United States includes three medications: amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite, which attach to cyanide and change it to a less dangerous chemical, and sodium thiosulfate, which turns cyanide into a harmless chemical that a person can urinate out.

A form of vitamin B12 that is made by bacteria, called hydroxocobalamin, is also an antidote to cyanide.  It changes cyanide into regular vitamin B12.

There are no antidotes for arsine or phosgene.  Medical professionals can only give "supportive care," which means they can only treat arsine poisoning's symptoms.  For example, they can give oxygen through a mask; give medications for cardiac arrhythmias; and do dialysis for kidney failure.

Use in war and execution
The first blood agent to be used as a weapon of mass destruction was phosgene.  Phosgene was first used by the German Army to attack the British Army in 1915.  After that, phosgene was used often during World War I.  Countries on both sides of the war - including Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States - used phosgene to attack enemy soldiers.  Often they mixed it with chlorine, with the goal of killing more people.  Phosgene caused about 85% of the 100,000 deaths caused by poison gas during the war (a total of about 85,000 deaths).

In 1919, the British Royal Air Force dropped arsenic gas on Bolshevik soldiers during the Russian Civil War.

Phosgene was also used often by the Imperial Japanese Army against China during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945).

During the Holocaust, the Nazis used a form of hydrogen cyanide called Zyklon B to kill people in the gas chambers at their death camps and concentration camps.
After nerve gases were discovered, blood agents were not used as much.  However, in the 1980s, Iraq used cyanogen chloride against Iran in the Iran-Iraq War.

Starting in 1924, the United States has used hydrogen cyanide in gas chambers to execute prisoners who were given the death penalty.  Most states now use other ways of executing people.  However, execution by hydrogen cyanide is still legal in six states.

Related pages
 Cyanide
 Arsenic
 Chemical warfare
 Chemical weapons in World War I
 Chemical Weapons Convention

References

Chemicals
Chemical warfare
Tunguska event is the name for a very large mid-air explosion that occurred on 30 June 1908 in Siberia. Most eyewitnesses talk about one or more explosions that happened around 7:15 a.m. local time. The cause of these explosions is unknown, but a meteorite impact has been suggested as a likely cause.  About  around the place where the event happened, trees were uprooted. In Wanwara, a small settlement, about  away, windows and doors were smashed. It is estimated, that in an area of about , the trees were uprooted. Over  away, bright light was seen, and an earthquake was felt. 

There are no reports of people who have died. This is attributed to the fact that almost no people lived in the area, at the time. Depending on the source, there were one or two casualties.

Today, it is believed that the event happened about  above ground, at 0:14 UTC (7:14 a.m. local time).
Energy involved 
What happened is called air burst today. At the time, the energy involved was estimated to be between 10 and 30 megatons of TNT, depending on the height in which the air burst happened. Simulations that have been done with modern computers have found that the energy involved was probably between 3 and 5 megatons of TNT.  Taking 15 megatons, this would mean that the energy involved was 1.000 times that of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, in 1945. The shock wave is considered to be that of an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.0 on the Richter scale. For these reasons, the Tunguska event is considered the largest impact event on Earth in recorded history.

Expeditions to the area
At first, there was no interest in the event. Over a decade after the event, Leonid Kulik, a Russian mineralogist led an expedition to the area. In his expedition of 1921 and 1922, he only got to Kansk, which is  away from the "epicenter" of the event.  In 1927, Kulik reached the region where the event happened, in 1938 he ordered aerial photos be taken.

Kulik's expedition is the first recorded expedition to the area. Since then, there were many expeditions; over 1,000 articles have been published on the event; most of them are in Russian language.

There were two other expeditions to the area: one in 1958, the other in 1963.

Theories
Today, there is no definite explanation for what caused the explosions, or for what happened. There are different theories, though.
Meteorite explosion
A meteorite hit the area. The most probable is an asteroid or comet of low density, and a diameter of between  and . The object exploded in a height of 7 to 14 km above ground; for this reason there is no impact crater. The problem with this theory is that meteorites of this type usually do not reach low levels of the atmosphere. Meteoroids, which contain more iron have a higher chance of reaching low levels of the atmosphere, but they do not cause such devastating explosions.
Lake Cheko 
Lake Cheko is a small freshwater lake, about  from the center of the event. The lake does not show on maps of the area which are older than about 1928. Before 1908, it seems to be unknown. The lake is shaped roughly like a rectangle; it is 708 metres long, 364 m wide, and about 50 m deep. In 1999, Luca Gasperini did a study on the sediments in the lake, and found that the lake predates the event of 1908. In 2007, National Geographic cites him as he states that it is possible the lake formed as an impact crater.This is argued upon due to the spread of trees, that were destroyed from the mostly agreed upon meteorite explosion.

Geophysical theories: Volcanic eruption
The other theory is that the event has a geophysical cause: About 10 million tons of natural gas exploding would have the effect that was observed. The problem with this theory is that eyewitnesses spoke of a very bright light that could be seen from very far away. A natural gas explosion does not produce a bright light.

References
References

Natural disasters in Asia
1908
Siberia
20th century in Russia
Impact events
History 
In 1166 an enactment of King Henry II of England, called the Assize of Clarendon, called for "the oath of *twelve men from every hundred and four men from every vill" to meet and decide who was guilty of robbery, theft or murder. It was the early ancestor of the jury system and of the grand jury. The United Kingdom abolished grand juries in 1933. Many of their former colonies including 
Canada, Australia and New Zealand have also stopped using them. The United States is one of the few remaining countries that uses the grand jury.
Criticism 
Grand juries are called by a federal judge and are required to supervise them. But judges almost never interfere. The grand jury is led by a federal prosecutor. He cannot testify or be present while the jury deliberates. But most federal grand juries will return any indictment presented to it. This led to the famous saying "a prosecutor can get a grand jury to indict a ham sandwich." They can subpoena anything they want with very few restrictions. In United States v. R. Enterprises, Inc., 498 U.S. 292 (1991), the Supreme Court of the United States ruled "federal grand jury subpoenas are presumed to be reasonable and the burden of showing unreasonableness is on the recipient."

A grand jury, state or federal, has two functions. The first is to go over all evidence of criminal wrongdoing and to issue an indictment only if there is enough evidence. Their other purpose is to investigate and help the prosecutor gather evidence. Critics claim grand juries have failed to do both.

References
References

Other websites 
 Handbook For Federal Grand Jurors 
 Grand Juries Resource Guide 
 American Bar Association 

Law
Legal terms
Trials
A vault is an apparatus that male and female gymnasts perform on. A vault is included in gymnastics competitions such as the olympics. The gymnasts first run before they flip on the vault. Either the male or female gymnast perform a flip in the air and land on the floor. When the gymnast lands on the floor, he or she has to be in balance.

Early forms of the vault were invented by German Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. The apparatus itself originated as a "horse", much like the pommel horse but without the handles. It was sometimes called a "vaulting horse". The horse was set up with its long side perpendicular to the run for women, and parallel for men. The vaulting horse was the apparatus used in the Olympics for over a century It began with the 1896 Summer Olympics and ending with the Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Following a number of problems, International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) changed the apparatus. They did it for both safety reasons and for better acrobatics.  The 2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were the first international competition to make use of the "vaulting table". This was an apparatus made by Dutch gymnastics equipment company Janssen-Fritsen since the mid-1990s. It features a flat, larger, and more cushioned surface almost parallel to the floor. It slopes downward at the end closest to the springboard. Gymnasts nicknamed it the "tongue".

References 

Gymnastics
Sports equipment
Web design is a profession where a person designs a web page or a web site. The web page can have graphics, music, animations, and many other things on it. Some web design is done for businesses, and some is done for individual people. Some web designs are used a lot and have standard templates that are free for people to use.

The creation of websites and pages for an original product, data, and user-friendliness is referred to as web design. If you're creating a website, a mobile app, or updating material on a web page, appearance and design are essential components. You can apply for jobs where your creativity can assist a company better its brand, message, and bottom line by improving your web design skills.

The two most popular web design methods are adaptable and responsive. With responsive design, the layout of the website is designed around standard screen sizes.
According to the size of the screen, content is dynamically shifted in responsive design. Based on the needs and objectives of their customer or company, web designers utilize different parts of the overall web design process to implement these design strategies.

People who design web pages are called web designers. Web designers use HTML or Dynamic HTML (DHTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript, and many other technologies to make their pages. Web designers can make their pages on the Internet using website building software, or offline on their computer. Web designers in the United States of America can earn between $31,650 and $69,510 a year, with a median salary of $46,327.

Web design and web development includes layouts, colors, graphics, fonts, and content.
The design of your website can either make or break the business you're trying to deliver. It really makes a difference how your target audience sees your business or organization and potentially turns them into your customers. When a company has a well-designed website, it's easier to get more customer conversions. This is because a well-designed website uses its features to lead consumers directly to what they need without distraction. So its very important to have a well-designed website in this Digital era.

There are several types of web designs, including:
Responsive Design: A design approach that allows a website to adjust to different screen sizes and devices, ensuring a consistent user experience across all platforms.
 Flat Design: A minimalist design style that emphasizes simplicity, typography, and bright colors.
 Material Design: A design language created by Google that combines flat design with the use of depth, shadows, and responsive animations.
 Minimalist Design: A design style that emphasizes simplicity and minimalism, with a focus on whitespace, typography, and high-quality imagery.
 Typography-Driven Design: A design approach that emphasizes typography as the main visual element, with minimal use of other design elements.
 Single-Page Design: A design style that features all content on a single page, with navigation that allows users to jump to different sections of the page.
 Parallax Design: A design approach that creates a 3D effect by using different layers of images that move at different speeds as the user scrolls.
Grid Layout Design: A design approach that uses a grid-based layout to organize content, with a focus on alignment, symmetry, and hierarchy.
 Static Web Design: This type of web design involves creating web pages with fixed content that does not change unless modified manually. It's suitable for simple websites that don't require frequent updates.
 Dynamic Web Design: Dynamic Design involves creating web pages that display content that can be updated or customized based on user interactions or data input. It typically involves the use of scripting languages like JavaScript and server-side technologies.
 Material Design: Developed by Google, material design combines principles of flat design and skeuomorphic design. It uses realistic shadows, depth, and responsive animations to create a visually pleasing and intuitive user interface.
Here are the key elements to consider when designing a website, both UX (User Experience) and UI (User Interface) play vital roles in creating an effective and engaging user experience.

User Experience (UX):
Usability: The website should be easy to navigate and use. Clear and intuitive navigation, logical information hierarchy, and well-organized content are essential for a positive user experience.
 User Research: Conduct research to understand the target audience, their needs, and preferences. This helps in designing a website that caters to their expectations and provides relevant and valuable content.
 Information Architecture: Organize the content in a logical and coherent manner, making it easy for users to find what they're looking for. Use categories, menus, and search functionality effectively.
 Responsive Design: Ensure the website is optimized for various devices and screen sizes. It should adapt and provide a seamless experience across desktops, laptops, tablets, and mobile devices.
 Page Loading Speed: Optimize the website for fast loading times. Users have little patience for slow-loading pages, so minimize file sizes, optimize images, and leverage caching techniques.
Accessibility: Design the website to be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Follow accessibility guidelines and provide options for users to adjust text size, contrast, and use assistive technologies.
Visual Hierarchy: Arrange elements on the page to guide users' attention and highlight important information. Use size, color, contrast, and positioning to establish a clear visual hierarchy.
 Consistency: Maintain consistency throughout the website in terms of layout, color scheme, typography, and interactive elements. This helps users develop familiarity and navigate the site more easily.
 Typography: Choose appropriate fonts that are legible and aligned with the website's purpose and target audience. Use font sizes, styles, and spacing to enhance readability and hierarchy.
 Color Scheme: Select a cohesive color palette that reflects the brand identity and evokes the desired emotions. Ensure sufficient contrast between text and background colors for readability.
 Visuals and Imagery: Use high-quality images, icons, and graphics that support the content and enhance the visual appeal of the website. Visual elements should be relevant and add value to the user experience.
Interactive Elements: Design interactive elements such as buttons, forms, and menus to be visually appealing and easily identifiable. Use consistent styling for interactive elements to provide clear affordances.
 Feedback and Response: Provide visual feedback to user interactions, such as button states or form validation messages. Responsive design elements make users feel in control and informed about their actions.
Micro interactions: Consider small, subtle animations or micro interactions that provide feedback or add delight to user interactions. They can improve the overall user experience and make it more engaging.

These different types of web designs can be combined or adapted to create unique and effective websites that meet the needs of the target audience.

A website is nothing but a bunch of web pages, which are made up of web pages with the help of a web designing process. Designing a web page is of great importance, as it forms the base for a website. It serves as a foundation on which the other pages of a website rest. 

It is carried out by web designers and developers. which is based on a set of coding languages and concepts. These coding languages and concepts are known as the languages of web designing and the terminologies are known as the web designing terminologies.

References 

 
Programming languages
Dallas Raymond McKennon (July 19, 1919 – July 14, 2009), sometimes credited as Dal McKennon, was an American actor. He had many roles as a voice actor in a career lasting over 50 years. His best-known roles were that of Gumby for Art Clokey, Archie Andrews for Filmation's Archie series, and the main voice of Buzz Buzzard in the Woody Woodpecker cartoons.

Filmography

Live-Action roles
Mystery Mansion - Sam
The Cat from Outer Space - Farmer
The Andersonville Trial - First Guard
Hot Lead and Cold Feet - Saloon Man
Tom Thumb - Con-Fu-Shon (voice)
Daniel Boone - Cincinnatus