Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The term anxiety disorder  is a term for a number of psychiatric disorders. These disorders can be classified into two very broad groups:

Disorders that are marked by extreme worry about the past, present or future.
Disorders that are marked by fear of a given object or situation. 

Anxiety conditions include phobia, social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Other anxiety disorders include agoraphobia and panic disorder. Stress from life events, including past abuse, being intimidated or health worries, can trigger anxiety problems for many people. Symptoms include headache, spasms in the muscle, trembling, fatigue and exhaustion. There are various manners for treating anxiety disorders. These include medication and therapy. There is some recent research.
When people talk about feeling, they use the words anxiety and fear without making much of a difference. When professionals talk about them, there is a difference, though: Fear always has a cause, people are afraid of something or of something happening. So fear is the emotional response to an external threat. Anxiety is more general, the cause is either not known, or not controllable easily. 

Both fear and anxiety are normal reactions, to protect against a threat. Someone feeling fear or anxiety now and then does not have an anxiety disorder. Only when they occur so often that they impact people's lives do they become a disorder.

References
Rumination is the constant urge for a person to focus their attention on their troubles, misery or worries and possible causes or consequences. Rumination is having thoughts about earlier events, failures, abuse or hardships. The tendency to ruminate often serves as a big factor for clinical depression. People who ruminate a lot are more likely to become depressed and to carry major mental troubles, such as generalized anxiety disorder and suicidal behavior. One type of rumination, the state rumination, is connected with pessimism and serious neurosis.

Theories
The Response Styles Theory (RST) was developed by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema in the early 1990s in the hope of explaining the strong relationship between depression and rumination. The theory describes rumination as a way of dealing with hard situations where you keep thinking about how and why you are depressed, and difficult situations in this way are more likely to get depressed in the future. Even though this theory is most focused on how rumination influences depression, research on rumination also explains how it relates to other mental troubles too, like anxiety, binge drinking and eating disorders. Wendy Traynor and her co-workers tried to improve RST to explain the link between rumination and depression better, because some people said that there might be other things that explain the relationship. They created the two-factor model. This says that rumination can be divided into two parts: brooding and reflection
. Brooding is when you keep thinking of how your situation right now is not where you want to be, and what stops you from getting there. This style of rumination is related both to being depressed and getting depressed in the future. The second style is reflection, and is thought to be a better way to deal with difficult situations and feelings as it is related to less depression in the future. Reflection is when a person often tries to solve problems by thinking about how they can deal with their difficult situation or depression.
Goal Progress Theory 
Goal Progress Theory (GPT) says that rumination is a way of achieving goals. This way of seeing rumination is very different from RST, which says that rumination “does not lead to active problem solving”. More specifically, GPT defines rumination as a result of the Zeigarnik Effect, which says that unfinished tasks come to mind more easily than finished tasks. So, when people who ruminate think the same thoughts over and over GPT explains this as a way of finding another path to reach a goal, and says that they will stop ruminating when they reach this goal. This concept has been tested in experiments. In one, people were told not to think of a white bear and were given feedback that either they did or did not succeed in this. Those who thought that they had not succeeded had thoughts related to white bears come to mind more easily than those who were told that they had been successful, showing the possible effect of unfinished goals on rumination.

Links to mental illnesses
Depression 
It is generally thought that those who ruminate, especially those who brood, have a higher likelihood of getting depressed and falling into a deeper depression than those who do not. This association seems to hold even when you account for people being depressed at the start of the study, and to be valid across ages and populations. Ruminating is also suggested to make people more vulnerable to other risk factors for depression such as gender, less memory of one’s own life, neuroticism, negative thinking styles and perfectionism. The effects of the other kind of rumination, reflection, are more varied. Even though it is generally agreed that the this style of rumination is related to less depression overall, and especially a smaller likelihood of developing depression in the future, new research points to the connection between the reflection and self-critical ruminative thinking (often thinking the same mean thoughts about yourself).
At first, RST said that rumination predicted for how long one was depressed, but evidence has shown that this might not be true, and instead rumination predicts how many and how deep depressive episodes a person might have.  It was also first suggested that people who ruminate can distract themselves to improve their mood, but this has been questioned and evidence against it has been shown since.

Anxiety 
Rumination is in many ways similar and related to worry, which is central to anxiety disorders. This relationship is thought to explain the part of the link between anxiety and rumination. Still, rumination on its own, especially the brooding kind, has been shown to predict both having anxiety and getting it in the future. Brooding has also been shown to make the link between neuroticism and anxiety stronger.

Rumination is also thought to increase the risk of getting other mental troubles like bipolar disorder, eating disorders, binge drinking and self-injury.
Gender differences 
Studies on what groups of people ruminate and how much show that women generally ruminate more than men. This difference is the biggest in teenage years, but on the whole it is small. Studies on this suggest that the higher likelihood for women to ruminate might explain the generally bigger portion of women suffering from depression compared to men. This finding is limited by similar things such as worry and neuroticism playing into the association, though. The two-factor model suggests that it is the higher rates of brooding among women specifically that is driving the gender differences we see in depressive symptoms.

References 

Emotions
Neurology
Steven Dubinsky (born July 9, 1970 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre. He played a total of 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Calgary Flames, Nashville Predators, and St. Louis Blues

Career
Before he played in the NHL, Dubinsky played 4 seasons at Clarkson University.

He was drafted 226th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft. From 1993 to 1998, Dubinsky would play for both the Indianapolis Ice of the International Hockey League and the Chicago Blackhawks. He was traded to the Calgary Flames and played 2 seasons with them. He rejoined the Blackhawks in the 2000-01 NHL season and played 2 seasons with them before being traded by the Blackhawks to the Nashville Predators. He played 1 season with the Predators and signed with the St. Louis Blues. He only played half of the season with the Blues because of a head injury. He would retire from playing professional hockey the next season.
Personal life
Dubinsky is Jewish. He has 3 sons and his middle son plays for the Junior Blackhawks.

References

Other websites 

1970 births
Living people
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian Jews
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Jewish sportspeople
Milwaukee Admirals players
Nashville Predators players
Norfolk Admirals players
People from Montreal
St. Louis Blues players
Worcester IceCats players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Chicken fingers (also known as chicken tenders, chicken tendies or chicken strips) are chicken meat dipped in breading and then deep-fried, grilled or baked. In the Northeastern United States or the Midwest, chicken strips are often made by way of egg batter and have smooth texture. Elsewhere, however, chicken strips may lack egg batter and the texture can be rather coarse. Chicken strips are provided to customers in certain restaurants, including the KFC, McDonald's and Wendy's fast food networks.

American food
Chicken as food
Fast food
Maclyn McCarty (June 9, 1911 – January 2, 2005) was an American geneticist. He was best known for proving that DNA, not protein, was the chemical basis of the gene.

McCarty devoted his life to studying infectious disease organisms. Studies of  bacteria led the way to studying heredity through genetics and biochemistry. This started the age of molecular biology.

McCarty was the youngest and longest surviving member of the research team responsible for the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment. He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine for 1990. MacCarty died on January 2, 2005, from congestive heart failure.
The work 
The phenomenon was first described in Griffith's experiment of 1928, which suggested DNA was the material of heredity. In this early experiment dead Streptococcus pneumoniae of the virulent strain type III-S, was injected along with living but non-virulent type II-R pneumococci. This resulted in a deadly infection of type III-S pneumococci. This meant the non-virulent strain had been transformed (changed) by something in the dead bacteria.

Work to prove DNA was responsible took many years, starting in 1928. Griffith's work was suggestive, but not sufficient. In their paper of 1944, Avery and his colleagues decided that DNA, rather than protein was the hereditary material of bacteria, and was analogous to genes and/or viruses in higher organisms.

This was epoch-making work, but the three men did not get the Nobel Prize. McCarty later explained the work for the general reader.

References
References 

1911 births
2005 deaths
Academics from New York (state)
American geneticists
Scientists from Indiana
Wolf Prize winners
People from South Bend, Indiana
Propene is an organic compound. The substance is also known as propylene and has the formula C3H6. It is the second-simplest alkene. Since it is only made of hydrogen and carbon atoms, it is a hydrocarbon. At room temperature and normal pressure it is a gas.

Uses
Propene is produced from fossil fuels, and from coal. Propene is the second most important product used in the petrochemical industry, after ethene. About two thirds are used to produce polypropylene. Propene and benzene are converted to acetone and phenol via the cumene process. Propene is also used to produce isopropanol (propan-2-ol), acrylonitrile, propylene oxide (epoxypropane) and epichlorohydrin.

References

3
Céline is a French luxury fashion house. It was founded in 1945 by Céline Vipiana. Today, it is an international brand owned by LVMH. It was sold to LVMH in July 1988 for 2.7 billion francs (US$540 million).

Céline started as a children's shoe business. It later began selling  women's shoes and accessories. It began selling ready-to-wear shoes in the 1960s. Celine Vipiana remained the designer until 1997. American fashion designer Michael Kors then took over as creative director for the brand. Kors turned the fashion house into a highly successful brand. The current creative director of Céline is Hedi Slimane, who replaced Phoebe Philo at the beginning of 2018.

Chief designers
Céline Vipiana (1945–1997)
Michael Kors (1997–2004)
Roberto Menichetti (2004–2005)
Ivana Omazic (2005–2008)
Phoebe Philo (2008–2018)
Hedi Slimane (2018-Present)

References

French fashion houses
1945 establishments in France
Céline is a French female given name that comes from Greek. It may refer to:

 Céline Dion (born 1968), a Canadian singer
 Louis-Ferdinand Céline, a French writer and doctor
 Céline (brand), a French luxury fashion brand
In the 4th century BC, Lactantius wrote that Diocletian "by various taxes he had made all things exceedingly expensive, attempted by a law to limit their prices. Then much blood [of merchants] was shed for trifles, men were afraid to offer anything for sale, and the scarcity became more excessive and grievous than ever. Until, in the end, the [price limit] law, after having proved destructive to many people, was from mere necessity abolished."  As with Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices, shortages lead to black markets where prices for the same good exceed those of an uncontrolled market. Furthermore, once controls are removed, prices will immediately increase, which can temporarily shock the economic system.
Nobel prize winner Milton Friedman said "We economists don't know much, but we do know how to create a shortage. If you want to create a shortage of tomatoes, for example, just pass a law that retailers can't sell tomatoes for more than two cents per pound. Instantly you'll have a tomato shortage. It's the same with oil or gas."

References

Microeconomics
Schizoid personality disorder is a Cluster A personality disorder which is not being interested in social relationships, often being alone. They are also secretive and don't show many emotions. It is often shortened to SzPD or SPD.  

This condition is not schizophrenia. People with SzPD will typically share some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, schizoids do not have the positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations. A negative symptom is one that is taken away from a person. A positive symptom is one that is added to a person.
People who have SzPD do not want interpersonal relationships which require emotion and commitment. People with SzPD are introverts who feel the need to be independent or alone. Many schizoids are asexual or have little interest in sexual encounters. Any relationships they may have probably does not involve emotional attachment. SzPD is more common in men than women.  Some of the negative symptoms of the disorder (such as low energy) may be treated with some antipsychotic drugs.

Theodore Millon said that there are four types of schizoid: languid, remote, depersonalized, and affectless.

Salman Ahktar said that there were two types of schizoid: overt, and covert. Overt means visible, covert means secret or invisible. Covert or secret schizoids are active in social conversation and the outside world. However they do not tend to get emotionally attached to people. Acting differently in public is known as masking.
Diagnosis 
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is a manual for diagnosing mental disorders. DSM-5 still includes schizoid personality disorder with the same requirements as in DSM-4. To be diagnosed with SzPD, one must have these behaviors consistently and be troubled by them. They also need to have at least four of these symptoms.

 Does not want nor enjoy close relationships. This includes family.
 Almost always chooses to do things alone.
 Has little or no interest in having sexual experiences with another person.
 Does not find most things fun.
 Does not have close relationships except for family.
 Appears to not care if complimented or insulted.
 Does not show many emotions.

Another way a person with SzPD can be diagnosed is through the ICD-10 which is the International Classification of Diseases. The person must have the behaviors consistently. They must be troubled by them. They also need to have at least four of these symptoms.
Does not find most things fun.
 Does not show many emotions.
 Does not show love or anger.
 Appears to not care if complimented or insulted.
 Little or no interest in having sexual experiences with another person (taking into account age).
 Almost always chooses to do things alone.
 Spends too much time fantasizing or thinking.
 Does not want nor has any close relationships.
 Does not care about being normal.

Sometimes SzPD can be confused with other disorders such as Depression or Avoidant Personality Disorder. Sometimes people can have SzPD and other similar disorders. This is called being comorbid.

Treatment 
To manage their disorder, people with SzPD can take medication. One is called Buproprion. They can also go to psychotherapy. This means they talk to a therapist. The therapist helps them try to connect more with other people.

Related pages 
 Introvert
 Solitude

References 

Personality disorders
Relationships
Apathy (also called impassivity) is a state of indifference or suppression of concern, not being excited or having no passion to perform things. Apathy is often expressed by people with schizoid personality disorder, depression and schizophrenia.

References 

Emotions
Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy (September 13, 1918 – January 7, 2005) was a member of the Kennedy family. She was the first sister of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy.  She was said to have substandard intelligence, with a mental age of between age 8 and 13.

She had seizures and sudden changes in mood. At this time, doctors thought that a surgery called a lobotomy would fix these problems. In a lobotomy, one part of the brain is cut away from the rest. She got a lobotomy in 1941, when she was 23 years old, but it failed. She was left with the intelligence of a two-year-old child. After this, she could not speak correctly or walk. She lived the rest of her life in a care facility for people with disabilities.

Early life
Early life

Rosemary was born at her parents' home in Brookline, Massachusetts. She was the third child and first daughter of Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald. Although named after her mother, she was commonly called "Rosemary" or "Rosie".

Rose Kennedy sent Rosemary to the Sacred Heart Convent in Elmhurst, Providence, Rhode Island, at age 15, where she was educated separately from the other students. Two nuns and a special teacher, Miss Newton, worked with her all day in a separate classroom. The Kennedys gave the school a new tennis court for their efforts. Her reading, writing, spelling, and counting skills were reported to be at a fourth-grade level. She studied hard but felt she disappointed her parents, whom she wanted to please. During this period, her mother arranged for her older brother Jack to accompany her to a tea-dance. Thanks to him, she appeared "not different at all" during the tea-dance.
Lobotomy 
When Rosemary Kennedy was in her early 20s, she had mental health problems. She was sometimes violent and would hit people. Her father worried that she would get pregnant. He also worried that her behavior would cause controversy for other members of the family. She also had seizures.

Doctors thought that a lobotomy would make her more calm, and fix these problems. Her father decided she should get a lobotomy, without telling his wife. They did the surgery in November 1941. It failed, so Rosemary could not walk or talk correctly any more.

James Watts was one of the doctors who did the surgery. He said that before the surgery, Rosemary probably had depression.
Afterwards, Rosemary could not live alone. She lived at Craig House, a hospital for people with mental health problems. In 1949, they moved her to another facility, called Saint Coletta. This facility cared for people with mental disabilities. Her father never saw her again. Until 1961, the family kept her health problem a secret. They did not talk about it in public.

Death
Rosemary Kennedy died from natural causes on January 7, 2005, at the Fort Atkinson Memorial Hospital in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, at the age of 86, with her sisters Jean, Eunice, and Patricia, and brother Ted, by her side. She was buried beside her parents in Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts.

Related pages
Kennedy family

References

Other websites

"Rosemary Kennedy, JFK's sister, dies at 86 – Born Mentally Disabled, She Was Inspiration for Special Olympics" obituary by The Associated Press at MSNBC, January 8, 2005

People from Massachusetts
1918 births
2005 deaths
Kennedy family
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
Patricia Helen "Pat" Kennedy Lawford  (May 6, 1924 – September 17, 2006) was an American socialite and the sixth of nine children of Rose and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. She was a sister of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy. She was married to actor Peter Lawford from 1954 to 1966.

Early life
She was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. She was the sixth of nine children born to Rose (nee Fitzgerald) and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr..
Marriage and family
She met English actor Peter Lawford through her sister Eunice in the 1940s. They met again in 1949, and again in 1953. They courted briefly and officially announced their engagement in February 1954. They married on April 24, 1954, at the Roman Catholic Church of St. Thomas More in New York City, twelve days before her thirtieth birthday. They settled in Santa Monica, California, and often socialized with actress Judy Garland and her family. Garland gave birth to her son Joseph at the same hospital and on the same day Kennedy gave birth to her son Christopher. 

The couple had four children, all born in Santa Monica, California:
 Christopher Kennedy Lawford –
 Sydney Maleia Kennedy Lawford born 
 Victoria Francis Lawford born 
 Robin Elizabeth Lawford born

Personal life
Personal life

After her divorce, Kennedy battled alcoholism and suffered from tongue cancer. She worked with the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum, as well as with the National Center on Addiction, and was a founder of the National Committee for the Literary Arts, for which she arranged a series of author lectures and scholarships.

Death
Lawford died at her Manhattan home from pneumonia at the age of 82. She was survived by her four children and ten grandchildren, as well as, at the time, her sisters Eunice and Jean, and her brother Ted.

Related pages
Kennedy family

References

Other websites
Patricia Kennedy Lawford obituary

People from Brookline, Massachusetts
1924 births
2006 deaths
Kennedy family
The Student and Schoolmate was a 19th-century monthly American children's magazine. It was the product of a merger between the children's magazines, The Student and The Schoolmate. It began publication in New York City by Calkins & Stiles in 1855, and in Boston the same year by James Robinson.

The magazine went through various name changes: The Student and Schoolmate (November 1855-1865); The Student and Schoolmate, and Forrester’s Boy's and Girl's Magazine (1865-1866); and The Student and Schoolmate (1866-1871); and The Schoolmate (1872). 

Boys' book writer William Taylor Adams ("Oliver Optic") edited the magazine between 1858 and 1862. He first published some of his boys' books as serials in its pages. Many of Horatio Alger, Jr.'s boys' books were first published as serials in the magazine, including his all-time bestseller, Ragged Dick.

References

19th-century American children's magazines
19th-century monthly magazines
Magazines published in Boston
Defunct magazines of the United States
Air America (also called Air America Radio or Air America Media) was an American radio network which represented in liberal and progressive talk radio. 

Air America began in March 2004. It dissolved in January 2010. The network had discussion and information programs from the liberal perspectives. Several shows had audiences over one million. Liberal and progressive personalities included Rachel Maddow and Robert Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr. The network was financially troubled, however, and the radio network declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy once. The radio group resumed. However, financial problems caused the radio group to stop programming in early 2010.

References

2004 establishments in the United States
2010 disestablishments in the United States

Radio stations in the United States
The American Mafia (or simply Mob or Mafia in the United States) are an Italian American criminal society who do not carry a formal name. Its members refer to it as Cosa Nostra. They are especially active in New York City, Philadelphia, New England, Detroit and Chicago. Smaller families and crews operate in places like Texas and Los Angeles. Most of the activities performed by the American Mafia, however, are over New England, Northeastern United States and Chicago.

A mafia is a type of organized crime syndicate whose primary activities are protection racketeering, arbitrating disputes between criminals, and brokering and enforcing illegal agreements and transactions. The term "mafia" derives from the Sicilian Mafia.

The Mafia continues to make millions and millions of dollars from not only traditional mob rackets but new and innovative schemes. There have been numerous reports of the Mob's demise over the last decade or so, but families in and outside of New York remain. 

Organized crime
Mafia
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. It is the model on which most modern central banks have been based. It was set up to act as the government's banker, and is still the banker for the British Government. The Bank was privately owned from 1694. The Government took it over in 1946.

It is the second oldest central bank in the world (after the Swedish Riksbank), and the world's 8th oldest bank. 

In 1998 it became an independent public organisation. Though wholly owned by the government, it has independence in setting monetary policy.

The Bank is one of eight banks authorised to issue banknotes in the United Kingdom. It has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, and regulates the issue of banknotes by commercial banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
The Bank's Monetary Policy Committee manages money supply and interest rates. The Treasury has reserve powers to give orders to the committee "if they are required in the public interest and by extreme economic circumstances" but such orders must be endorsed by Parliament within 28 days. 

The Bank's headquarters have been in London's main financial district, the City of London, on Threadneedle Street, since 1734. It is sometimes known as The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street or The Old Lady. 

Mark Carney assumed the post of Governor of the Bank of England on 1 July 2013. He succeeded Sir Mervyn King, who took over on 30 June 2003. Carney will serve an initial five-year term, and will seek UK citizenship. He is the first non-Briton to hold the post.

References 

Banks of England
City of London
The following table provides information about the population, size (land area) and population density of states in the Northeast region as defined by the U.S. Census bureau. Population density is defined as the population divided by the area of land in the state or region. The rank column in the table shows how the states rank among the entire 50 states in population density. Note that New Jersey has the highest population density of any state and that the 4 highest density states are all in the Northeast. The rank for the Census divisions (in pink) is the rank in population density among the 9 total divisions in the country. Note that the two divisions in the Northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic) are ranked #1 and #2 in the 2013 population estimate. The South Atlantic region was close behind New England and is projected to surpass New England in the next population estimate because it is growing faster.  Finally, note that the entire Northeast region is ranked #1 among the 4 Census Bureau regions
. With 345.5 people per square mile, the population density of the Northeast is about 2.5 times the density or the #2 ranked region which is the South.
The Open Road was a 20th-century American monthly magazine for teen boys. It focused on outdoor life, sports, and other subjects of interest to teen males. It was published from November 1919 to 1954. 

The magazine went through several title changes: The Open Road (November 1919); The Open Road for Boys (October 1925); Open Road: The Young People's Magazine (April 1950); and American Boy and Open Road (July 1953). 

American teen magazines
American monthly magazines‎
Defunct magazines of the United States
The little auk, or dovekie (Alle alle), is a small auk, the only member of the genus, Alle. It breeds on islands in the high Arctic. There are two subspecies: A. a. alle breeds in Greenland, Iceland, Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen, and A. a. polaris on  Franz Josef Land.

References

Charadriiformes
Birds of Europe
Birds of North America
The Seychelles parakeet (Psittacula wardi) is an extinct bird. It used to live on the Seychelles islands in the Indian Ocean.

References

Parakeets
Birds of Africa
A palfrey is a type of horse that was valued as a riding horse in the Middle Ages.  It is not a breed.

Breeding
The term 'palfrey' usually meant a more expensive and well bred type of riding horse popular during the Middle Ages, sometimes equalling the Knight's Destrier in price.  It was popular with nobles, ladies and knights for riding, hunting and ceremonial use during the medieval period. A palfrey had a smooth, ambling gait.  
It was an ideal horse for traveling long distances comfortably.

References

Horses
The Cadillac CTS was a mid-size luxury vehicle that was manufactured by Cadillac. The car was available as a saloon or coupé. The vehicle was introduced in January 2002 as a 2003 model. It entered its second generation in July 2007 as a 2008 model, with the coupé and wagon versions being added later on. The third generation arrived in September 2013 as a 2014 model and was discontinued in 2019.

2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
CTS
Sedans
Coupes
The destrier is the best-known type of Warhorse of the medieval era. It carried knights in battles, tournaments, and jousts. It was described by contemporary sources as the Great Horse, due to its significance.

The word destrier comes from the Vulgar Latin dextarius, meaning "right-sided" (the same root as our modern dexterous and dexterity). This may refer to it being led by the squire at the knight's right side (or led by the right hand) or to the horse's gait, (possibly leading with the right).

While highly prized by knights and men-at-arms, the destrier was not very common. Most knights and mounted men-at-arms rode other war horses, such as coursers and rounceys.  These three types of horse were often called chargers.
Characteristics of the destrier
The word destrier does not refer to a breed, but to a type of horse: the finest and strongest warhorse. These horses were usually stallions, bred and raised from colts specifically for the needs of war. The destrier was also considered the most suited to the joust; coursers seem to have been preferred for other forms of warfare. They had powerful hindquarters, able to easily coil and spring to stop, spin, turn or sprint forward. They also had a short back and well-muscled loin, strong bone, and a well-arched neck. From medieval art, the head of the destrier appears to have had a straight or slightly convex profile, strong, wide jaw, and good width between the eyes.

The destrier was specifically for use in battle or tournament; for everyday riding, a knight would use a palfrey, and his baggage would be carried on a sumpter horse (or packhorse), or possibly in wagons.

References

Horses
The Ford Taurus X (previously called Ford Freestyle in 2005) was a six or seven passenger crossover that was produced in the United States by the Ford Motor Company. The Taurus X name was phased out in the 2010 model year, and succeeded by the Ford Flex, which overlapped production in the same platform, until it was discontinued.

Taurus X
2000s automobiles
Yukio Hatoyama (born 11 February 1947) is a Japanese politician. He was born in Bunkyō, Tokyo. He was Prime Minister of Japan starting in 2009 and resigned in 2010. He was a member of the Democratic Party of Japan until 2012. His brother, Kunio, is also a politician. He is married to Miyuki Hatoyama.He also mentioned money scandals involving a top party leader, Ichirō Ozawa, who resigned as well, in his decision to step down. Hatoyama had been pressed to leave by members of his party after doing poorly in polls in anticipation of an upper house election in July 2010. He was the first Prime Minister from the modern Democratic Party of Japan. In 2013 Japan's defense minister called Hatoyama a 'traitor' for his acknowledgement of the land dispute between China and Japan. He was the grandson of former Prime Minister Ichirō Hatoyama.

References

Prime Ministers of Japan
1947 births
Living people
Politicians from Tokyo
University of Tokyo alumni
The  was a centre to centre-left political party in Japan. It was founded in April 1998. It used to be the second largest political party in Japan after Jiminto. It was led by Katsuya Okada. The party dissolved in March 2016.

References

Other websites
Official website

1998 establishments in Japan
2016 disestablishments in Asia
2010s disestablishments in Japan
Political parties in Japan
Banri Kaieda is a Japanese politician who has served as the Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan  since 2021. He was born in 1949 in Tokyo and went to Keio University. He was the leader of the Democratic Party of Japan from 2012 to 2014.

Other websites
Profile

Living people
1949 births
Politicians from Tokyo
Sir Henry de Bohun (died 23 June 1314) was an English knight, the nephew of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. He was killed on the first day of the Battle of Bannockburn by King Robert the Bruce.
Riding in the vanguard of heavy cavalry, de Bohun caught sight of the Scottish king who was mounted on a small palfrey (ane gay palfray Li till and joly) armed only with a battle-axe. De Bohun lowered his lance and charged, but Bruce stood his ground. At the last moment Bruce manoeuvred his mount nimbly to one side, stood up in his stirrups and hit de Bohun so hard with his axe that he split his helmet and head in two. Despite the great risk the King had taken, he merely expressed regret that he had broken the shaft of his favorite axe.

References

1314 deaths
English knights
Antoni Gaudí i Cornet (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Spanish architect. He was born in Reus, in Catalonia, and became a leader of Catalan modernism. Gaudí's works are in his own  style. Most are in the Catalan capital of Barcelona, especially his greatest work, the Sagrada Família.

He got some ideas from neo-Gothic art, Art Deco and Oriental techniques, and became part of the modernist movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Between 1984 and 2005, seven of his works were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The seven works were:  the Park Güell, the Palau Güell and the Casa Milà; the Nativity facade, the crypt and the apse of the Sagrada Família, the Casa Vicens and the Casa Batlló in Barcelona, and the crypt of the Colònia Güell in Santa Coloma de Cervelló.

Gaudí's Roman Catholic faith grew during his life, and religious images are found in his work. This earned him the nickname "God's Architect", and eventually led to his beatification in 2011.
His work had a style inspired by nature. Gaudí rarely drew detailed plans of his works, instead preferring to create them as three-dimensional scale models and molding the details as he was conceiving them.

Gaudí died on 10 June 1926 in Barcelona, Spain, after being hit by a tram, aged 73.

References

Other websites

 Overview of Gaudí's major works 
 Sagrada Família information and discussion of lesser-known Gaudí works 
 Sagrada Família image gallery
 Casa Batlló information and image gallery
 Analysis of fractals and other mathematical elements in Gaudí's architectural style 
 Pàgina del Cercle Artístic de Sant Lluc 
 Antoni Plàcid Guillem Gaudí i Cornet 

1852 births
1926 deaths
Spanish architects
People from Catalonia
Road accident deaths in Spain
Ramona and Beezus is a 2010 Fox-Walden comedy movie adaptation of the Ramona series of novels by Beverly Cleary. It stars Selena Gomez, Joey King, Josh Duhamel, and Sandra Oh. It was released on July 23, 2010.

Plot 
This is a kids movie and rated G by the movie MPAA board. Ramona and Beezus are two sisters living together. They get into a lot of trouble while having fun with their teacher, their parents, and other children in the neighborhood.

Other websites
 
 

2010 comedy movies
American comedy movies
American family movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
20th Century Fox movies
A battle-axe (also battle axe or battle-ax) is an axe designed for combat. Battle axes were versions of utility axes. Many were suitable for use in one hand, while others were larger and were used two-handed. 

Axes designed for warfare ranged in weight from just over 0.5 kg to 3 kg (1 to 6 pounds), and in length from just over 30 cm to upwards of 1.5 m (1 to 5 feet), as in the case of the Danish axe or the sparth axe. Cleaving weapons longer than 1.5 m would arguably fall into the category of polearms.
 
Through the course of human history, commonplace objects have been used as weapons. Axes, because they are common, are no exception. Besides axes designed for combat, there were many axes that were also used as tools. Axes could be modified into throwing weapons as well (see the francisca for an example).  

Axes were always cheaper than swords and were always available.

References

Blades
Weapons
A Let's Play, often called an LP, is a recorded video of a video game that includes commentary from the person playing the game. Let's Play videos can be seen on video sharing websites such as YouTube. Many people do Let's Play videos as a series of videos showing a play-through of a video game.

Well-known Let's Players 
 PewDiePie
 Achievement Hunters
 Markiplier
 Game Grumps
 VanossGaming
 TheDiamondMinecart

Related pages
Speedrun

References

Other websites
The Let's Play Archive

Video games
YouTube
The Children's Magazine was the first magazine for children published in the United States. Its run was brief, however; it only appeared between January and April 1789. Contents included pieces on school subjects (like geography), verses, and articles on social values. 
 
Lack of contributions from competent writers forced the editor to republish material from The Juvenile Magazine, a monthly London magazine of 1788. The Children's Magazine folded after four issues, probably in part because the United States postal system in 1789 was not up to handling the distribution of magazines.
The Children's Magazine was published in Hartford, Connecticut and printed by Hudson & Goodwin. A notice in Hartford's Connecticut Courant on February 2, 1789 alerted readers to its publication and intent:Calculated for the Use of Families and Schools ... Each Number of this work will contain 48 Pages, duodecimo, printed on good paper and letter, and will be sold at Four Shillings and Six-Pence a dozen, or Six Pence a single number. This work is designed to furnish Children, from seven to twelve years of age, with a variety of lessons on various subjects, written in a plain, familiar style, and proper to lead them from the easy language of Spelling-Books up to the more difficult style of the best writers. Teachers of Schools have long complained of the want of such a work, and the Publishers are happy that they are now enabled to furnish it at a small expence.

References

American children's magazines
American monthly magazines
Defunct magazines of the United States
The Philadelphia International Airport (code: PHL) is an important airport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is the biggest airport in the state and in the Delaware Valley. Starting around 1924 or 1925, the Pennsylvania National Guard began using what is now known as PHL (also called Hog Island) for a practice airfield. The site was later named the Philadelphia Municipal Airport, though it had no proper terminal building until around 1940. The name changed to Philadelphia International near the end of World War II. The airport has grown a lot over the decades.

Airports in the United States
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia
Transport in Philadelphia
Miguel Ángel Deniz Mendez (born November 17, 1982 in Las Palmas, Canary Islands) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is an B1/S11 type swimmer.  He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.   He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 4 x 100 meter medley Relay 49 Points race and third in the 100 meter backstroke event.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1982 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S11
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B1
People from the Canary Islands
Robert E. Gilka (July 12, 1916 – June 25, 2013) was an American photojournalist best known for being an editor and director of photography at National Geographic for 27 years.

Gilka was born on July 12, 1916 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was married to Janet Gilka from 1941 until her death in 2004. They had four children. Gilka died on June 25, 2013 from pneumonia in Arlington, Virginia, aged 96.

References

1916 births
2013 deaths
American photojournalists
Writers from Milwaukee
Enhamed Enhamed Mohamed Yahdih (born September 11, 1987 in Las Palmas, Canary Islands) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is an B1/S11 type swimmer. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the 400 meter Freestyle and 100 meter Butterfly races. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished number one in the 50 meter Freestyle, 100 meter Freestyle and 400 meter Freestyle races.  He was the number one swimmer in the 100 meter Butterfly race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  He was the number two person to finish in the 400 meter Freestyle race. He was the number three person to finish in the 50 meter Freestyle and the 100 meter Butterfly races.

In 2010, he raced at the Tenerife International Open.  Before the 2010 Adapted Swimming World Championship in the Netherlands, he went to a swimming camp with the national team that was part of the Paralympic High Performance Program (HARP Program).
He raced at the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany.

References

Other websites 
 Enhamed Enhamed Mohamed Yahdih's website

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1982 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S11
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B1
People from the Canary Islands
The Quad City International Airport (code: MLI) is public airport in Moline, Illinois; it provides service in the Quad Cities of southeastern Iowa and western Illinois. It is the third busiest in Illinois. The international designation is for being an official port of entry and having a customs service, though there are no commercial flights scheduled to leave the United States. The airport was established in 1947.

Airports in the United States
Davenport, Iowa
Buildings and structures in Iowa
1947 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in Illinois
William Francis Nolan (March 6, 1928 – July 15, 2021) was an American author. He wrote hundreds of stories in the science fiction, fantasy and horror genres. Nolan was known for writing the science fiction novel Logan's Run.

Nolan was born on March 6, 1928 in Kansas City, Missouri. He studied at Kansas City Art Institute before dropping-out. 

Nolan died on July 15, 2021 in Vancouver, Washington from sepsis-related problems at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

 
 

1928 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
American screenwriters
American novelists
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Mary Beth Peil (born 25 June 1940 in Davenport, Iowa) is an American actress and singer. She acts on stage and in movies. She played Alma in the 1971 play Summer and Smoke. She also performed in many other plays. Her last name is pronounced "peel".

American stage actors
Actors from Davenport, Iowa
1940 births
Living people
Actors from Iowa
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. is a book of essays and short stories by Washington Irving. It was published in 1819. "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" are two of the collection's short stories. Both have been adapted to comic books, animated movies, plays, television programs, and other media.  

Works by Washington Irving
American essays
1810s books
19th-century American short stories
Burton's Gentleman's Magazine was a 19th-century American men's magazine. It was founded by William Evans Burton, and published between 1837 and 1841 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The magazine focused on material of interest to American gentlemen of the period such as sports, fiction, theater, art, and the western frontier.

Edgar Allan Poe sent short stories to the magazine that included "The Fall of the House of Usher" and William Wilson. He edited it from 1839 until 1840. The magazine merged with Atkinson's Casket to become Graham's Magazine.

References
 Answers:Burton's Gentleman's Magazine
  

American men's magazines
Philadelphia
1837 establishments in the United States
1841 disestablishments
1830s establishments in Pennsylvania
19th-century disestablishments in Pennsylvania
1840s disestablishments in the United States
Bix Beiderbecke (March 10, 1903 – August 6, 1931) was an American jazz performer and pianist who was highly influential in the 1920s. He was very popular among other celebrities. He was born in Davenport, Iowa; he died, age twenty-eight in Queens, New York due to lobar pneumonia.

Singers from Iowa
People from Davenport, Iowa
1903 births
1931 deaths
Enrique Floriano Millan (born October 9, 1982 in Lorca, Murcia) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is an B2/S12 type swimmer.  He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He was the number one swimmer in the 400 meter freestyle and 200 meter individual medley race.  He was the number two swimmer in the 100 meter backstroke race.  He was in the number three team in the 4 x 100 meter medley Relay 49 Points race. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He was the number two swimmer in the 400 meter freestyle and in the 4 x 100 meter medley Relay 49 Points race.  He was the number three swimmer in the 200 meter individual medley race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.  He was the number two swimmer in the 400 meter freestyle race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He was the number two swimmer in the 400 meter freestyle race.

He got a job with help from the Employment HPOD PROAD Program, which is helped by ONCE.
In 2010, he raced at the Tenerife International Open.  He race at the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany.  Two times, he was one of the top three swimmers in his races. He finished first in the 5 km open water swim.

References

Other websites 
 Enrique Floriano Millan's website 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1982 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
People from the Region of Murcia
Barbara Linnea Quigley (born May 27, 1958) is an American actress. She acts mostly in movies. She acted in the 1985 horror movie Return of the Living Dead. She also did a lot of independent movies. Quigley was born in Davenport, Iowa.

References

Actors from Davenport, Iowa
People from Davenport, Iowa
1958 births
Living people
Laraine Newman (born March 2, 1952) is an American comedian and actress who acts mostly in movies. She acted in The Powerpuff Girls franchise, Finding Nemo and Wreck-It Ralph. Newman was born in Los Angeles.

TV roles

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
1952 births
Living people