Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In the United Kingdom, a post town is the town that you must write on a letter if you want it to go to that area. There are around 1500 post towns in the United Kingdom.

References

Postal services in the United Kingdom
The Hudson Motor Car Company was an American automobile manufacturer, founded in Detroit, Michigan in 1909. They were well known for producing low-priced cars of good quality. They also pioneered safety features in their cars, like dashboard warning lights for oil pressure and generator power. Hudson's production peak was in 1929, with 300,000 cars built in their factories in America, Belgium and England.

In 1954, Hudson merged with the Nash-Kelvinator Company, to form American Motors Corporation. American Motors (also known as AMC) became famous for their line of Jeep vehicles (a civilian version of military Jeeps), and later Ramblers, Gremlins, and Pacer cars. AMC was finally bought out by the Chrysler Corporation, which still makes Jeep brand vehicles.
In popular culture
Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road describes road trips made by Kerouac and his friend Neal Cassady, driving a 1949 Hudson automobile. (Cassady ruined his car, driving cross-country at speeds over 100 miles per hour, without giving the car the maintenance it needed.)

Gallery

American automobile companies
1909 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Detroit
The BT postcode area (also called the Belfast postcode area) is how each area in Northern Ireland has postcodes. Northern Ireland was the last part of the United Kingdom to get post codes. The BT postcode area was made between 1970 and 1974.

Belfast
The Belfast post town districts are BT1 to BT17, BT58 and part of BT29. "BT" is short way of saying "Belfast". The postcode for Belfast city centre starts BT1. The Royal Mail office in Belfast has a postcode of BT1 1AA.

Rest of Northern Ireland
The rest of Northern Ireland has 43 other post towns. The post town districts for the 43 post towns are BT18 to BT57, BT60 to BT82, BT92 to BT94 and part of BT29.

Geography of Northern Ireland
The Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service (NIFRS) is the fire service for Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. 2000 people work for the NIFRS. There are 67 fire stations in Northern Ireland. Sometimes bad people throw stones at the firemen. Some firemen were killed in the Troubles.

References 

Organisations based in Northern Ireland
BT is an abbreviation and can stand for:
 Bhutan, a country in South Asia by ISO code
 The BT postcode area of Belfast in Northern Ireland
 BT Group, now known as British Telecom
 B.T., a Danish newspaper
The Northern Ireland Ambulance Service (NIAS) is the ambulance service for Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. It was created on 1 April 1995. Around 1000 people work for the NIAS.

Related pages
 Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom

References

Transport in Northern Ireland
1995 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Northern Ireland

Emergency services in the United Kingdom
Września is a small town in Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland. 30,000 people live in Września and the mayor is Tomasz Kałużny.

Towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Support for the police 
All the big political parties in Northern Ireland support the PSNI. Earlier, the political party Sinn Féin, who have many supporters, did not support the police. But after the St Andrews Agreement they decided to support them after a  special Ard Fheis about the police on 28 January 2007.
In September 2005 the PSNI started the Historical Enquiries Team to help solve 3,269  murders that happened during the Troubles. The Northern Ireland Policing Board make sure that the PSNI are fair and do a good job. The Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland investigates complaints about the police. The current Police Ombudsman is Al Hutchinson. The last Ombudsman was Nuala O'Loan. She was the Ombudsman until November 2007.
Number of Roman Catholics in the PSNI 
The PSNI gives 50% of its jobs to Roman Catholics and 50% of its jobs to people who are not Roman Catholic. This is because many people think there are not enough Roman Catholics in the PSNI. By 2006, 20% of PSNI policemen were Roman Catholic. Only 8.3% of policemen in the old Royal Ulster Constabulary were Roman Catholic. About 30% of the force will be Roman Catholics by 2011.

Uniform and symbols 
The colour of the PSNI uniform is green. The PSNI badge has Saint Patrick's saltire on it and six other symbols. They are the scales of justice, the harp, the torch, the olive branch, the shamrock and a crown.
The flag of the PSNI is the badge in the centre of a dark green field.

Related pages
Police force statistics for Northern Ireland

References

Other websites 
Police Service of Northern Ireland
Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland website
PSNI Roll of Honour 
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Northern Ireland
The Grameen Bank is a community development bank started in Bangladesh. They give small loans (known as microcredit or "grameencredit"  ) to poor people without asking for money before the loan is given. The word "Grameen", is made of the word "gram" or "village", and means "of the village". The system of this bank is based on the idea that the poor have skills but have no chance to use their skills without some money. The bank also controls some businesses, such as fabric, telephone and energy companies. Most of the banks loans go to women.

The Grameen Bank was started 1976 when Professor Muhammad Yunus, a Fulbright scholar and Professor at University of Chittagong, researched how to provide banking for the rural poor. In October 1983, the Grameen Bank Project was made into an independent bank by the government. The group and its first member, Muhammad Yunus, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
Some people have said the banks prices are too expensive and put people in a debt-trap. Some have also said that the bank would not work if people did not give donations. At the same time, it is often seen as a success story in microfinance and as the guide for other groups around the world.

History 

Muhammad Yunus, the banks first member, earned a Ph.D. in economics from Vanderbilt University in the United States. During the Bangladesh famine of 1974 he gave a small loan of USD 27 to a group of 42 families so that they could make small items and sell them without owing too much money. Yunus believed that a lot less people would be poor around Bangladesh if they could find small loans.
The  Grameen Bank ("Bank of the Villages", in the Bengali language) is the product of Yunus' ideas. The bank began as a research project by Yunus and the Rural Economics Project at Bangladesh's University of Chittagong.  They gave out some small loans and waited to know what would happen. In 1976, the village of Jobra and other villages surrounding the University of Chittagong became the first places where Grameen Bank loaned money to people. The Bank was very successful and with support from the main Bangladesh Bank, gave loans for the Tangail District (to the north of the capital, Dhaka). The bank's success continued and it soon gave loans in many areas of Bangladesh. On 2 October 1983, the project was made into an independent bank, by the Bangladeshi government. Bankers from ShoreBank, a community development bank in Chicago, helped Yunus by making Grameen Bank a part of Shorebank with money from the Ford Foundation
. After the 1998 flood of Bangladesh, many people could not pay their debts to Grameen for a few years. By the beginning of 2005, the bank had loaned over USD 4.7 billion to poor people.
Grameen Bank now loans money to poor people all over India. By 2006, India had over 2,100 Grameen Bank branches. Its success has inspired similar projects in more than 40 countries around the world and has made World Bank to take an initiative to finance Grameen-type schemes.

The bank gets help with money. In the mid-1990s, the bank started getting most of its funding from the central bank of Bangladesh. More recently, Grameen has been borrowing money. The Government of Bangladesh guarantees that money borrowed by the Grameen Bank will be repaid.

How the bank works 

Grameen Bank is best known for solidarity lending.  The Bank also incorporates a set of values embodied in Bangladesh by the Sixteen Decisions. At every branch of Grameen Bank the borrowers recite these Decisions and vow to follow them.
There is solidarity lending in over 43 countries. Each borrower must belong to a five-member group, the group does not need to give a guarantee for a loan. The loan is made to only one person but the whole group is to make sure that the money is repaid. Each member has to pay for their own loan but if they have problems the group may help them pay because the group would not get any more loans from Grameen if all the groups loans were not paid.

Grameen Bank does not take people to court if they cannot pay, the system works on trust only. Solidarity groups agree with Grameen to save enough for extra payments in case they cannot pay every time.
Not many women in India can have loans from big banks so 97% of Grameens loans go to women. Women get treated very badly in some countries, and groups, such as the World Bank are researching to know if small loans are helping women around the world. 
Over 98 percent of Grameens loans have been paid back but the Wall Street Journal says that 20% of the loans took more than a year longer than the time agreed to pay the loan back. Grameen says that more than half of its borrowers in Bangladesh (close to 50 million) now: have all children of school age in school, all household members eating three meals a day, a clean toilet, a rainproof house, clean drinking water and can pay 300 taka-a-week (around 4 USD) towards their loans.
Village Phone Program 
One of the things Grameen Bank does for poor people is the Village Phone program. Women entrepreneurs can start a business providing a payphone service in rural areas of Bangladesh. The Village Phone Program was awarded the 2004 Petersburg Prize of EUR 100,000 for Technology to Development. The Development Gateway Foundation said:
...Grameen has created a new class of women entrepreneurs who have raised themselves from poverty. Moreover, it has improved the livelihoods of farmers and others who are provided access to critical market information and lifeline communications previously unattainable in some 28,000 villages of Bangladesh. More than 55,000 phones are currently in operation, with more than 80 million people benefiting from access to market information, news from relatives, and more.
Struggling members program 
In 2003, Grameen Bank started a new loan program, different from the Solidarity Group, to help the beggars in Bangladesh. This program is made to give small loans to beggars. The loans cost only the amount of the loan and the repayment take a long time, for example, a beggar taking a small loan of around 100 taka (about US $1.50) can pay only 2.00 taka (about 3.4 US cents) per week and only repays 100 taka.

The bank does not force the beggars to give up begging but tries to get them selling low-priced items. The Global Microcredit Summit in 2006 by one of the banks managers says that by May 2006, around 73,000 beggars have taken loans of about 58.32 million taka (approx. USD 833,150) and repaid 34.78 million taka (about USD 496,900).

Statistics 
Grameen Bank is owned by the people who borrow the money, mostly women. The borrowers own 94% of the bank, and the other 6% is owned by the Government of Bangladesh.
In October 2007, the bank had 7.34 million borrowers, and 97% of those were women. 
The number of borrowers had more than doubled since 2003, when the bank had only 3.12 million members. In October 2007, the Bank had a staff of over 24,703 employees and 2,468 branches covering 80,257 villages. There were 43,681 villages covered in the year 2003.
Since its start, the bank has loaned 347.75 billion taka (USD 6.55 billion). 313.11  billion taka (USD 5.87  billion) has been repaid. The bank says 98.35% of loans are repaid. In 1998, 95% of loans were repaid. However, many critics doubt this recovery rate and the definition that Grameen uses to come up with this rate.
Nobel Peace Prize 
Grameen Bank received awards such as, the Bangladesh Independence Day Award, in 1994. The bank got its best known award on 13 October 2006, when the Nobel Committee awarded Grameen Bank and its first member, Muhammad Yunus, the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to create economic and social development from below." The Nobel Foundation says: From modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty. Grameen Bank has been a source of ideas and models for the many institutions in the field of micro-credit that have sprung up around the world.
Grameen Bank is the only business to have won a Nobel Prize. In a speech given at the presentation ceremony, Professor Ole Danbolt Mjøs, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, said that, by giving the prize to Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus, the Norwegian Nobel Committee wanted to make more contact with the Muslim world, to help women, and on to fight against poverty.

The people in Bangladesh were very happy with the Nobel Prize. Some critics asserted that the award affirms neoliberalism.

Related groups 
The Grameen Bank has grown into over two dozen groups called the Grameen Family of Enterprises. These groups include Grameen Trust, Grameen Fund, Grameen Communications, Grameen Shakti (Grameen Energy), Grameen Telecom, Grameen Shikkha (Grameen Education), Grameen Motsho (Grameen Fisheries), Grameen Baybosa Bikash (Grameen Business Development), Grameen Phone, Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, Grameen Knitwear Limited, and Grameen Uddog (owner of the brand Grameen Check).
On 11 July 2005 the Grameen Mutual Fund One (GMFO), was listed as an Initial Public Offering.  One of the first mutual funds of its kind, GMFO will allow the over four million Grameen bank members, as well as non-members, to buy into Bangladesh's capital markets. The Grameen group is worth over USD 7.4 billion.

The Grameen Foundation was based on the work of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh and they want to share the Grameen ideas and hurry microfinance to the worlds poorest people. Grameen Foundation USA, which has an A- rating from Charity Watch, supports microfinance institutions worldwide with loan guarantees, training, and technology transfer. As of 2006, Grameen Foundation supports microfinance institutions in the following regions:
Asia-Pacific: Bangladesh, China, East Timor, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia
Americas: Bolivia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico
Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tunisia, Uganda
Some people do not agree with Grameen 
Sudhirendar Sharma, a development analyst, says that the Grameen Bank has "landed poor communities in a perpetual debt-trap", and that its ultimate benefit goes to the corporations that sell capital goods and infrastructure to the borrowers. Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, who said, "There is no difference between usurers [Yunus] and corrupt people." Hasina also says the bank wants too much in return for the loans. Loans from Grameen Bank cost more than bigger banks, around 20% interest. The Mises Institute's Jeffrey Tucker says that Grameen Bank is not good enough for Indias economy and is a way of giving money to people who are not working.
Notes 
 Bornstein, David. The Price of a Dream: The Story of the Grameen Bank.  Oxford University Press, NY: 2005, 
 Counts, Alex, Give Us Credit , Crown, 1996, 
 Sachs, Jeffrey. "The End of Poverty". Penguin Books, NY: 2005, 
 Yunus, Muhammad (with Alan Jolis), Banker to the Poor: The Autobiography of Muhammad Yunus, Founder of Grameen Bank, Oxford University Press: USA, 
 "Micro Loans for the Very Poor", New York Times, 16 February 1997
 Cockburn, Alexander, "A Nobel Peace Prize for Neoliberalism?" http://www.counterpunch.org/cockburn10202006.html

References

Other websites 
 
 gramBangla, Australian Bangladeshi Community Grameen Support Group
 Grameen Bank: Taking Capitalism to the Poor , Mainsah, E. et al., Chazen Journal of International Business, Columbia Business School, 2004
 A video by Muhammad Yunus talking about Grameen Bank  
 Grameen II: The First Five Years, 2001-2006 ; Stuart Rutherford et al. for MicroSave, February 2006.
 Grameen Bank History
1983 establishments in Asia
Economy of Bangladesh
Banks of Asia
Buildings and structures in Bangladesh
Dhaka
20th-century establishments in Bangladesh
On Sunday 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom Government held a census. This was the 19th UK Census. United Kingdom Census 2001 was started by the Office for National Statistics in England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. It was the first census to ask people in England, Scotland and Wales about their religion.

References

Other websites 
Census 2001 website (England and Wales)
Scotland 
Northern Ireland  
The Census Order 2000 (England and Wales)

2001 in the United Kingdom
Censuses in the United Kingdom
A hug is an embrace between two or more people. It is usually a sign of affection or love or sympathy.

In several cases observed by psychologists around the globe, hugs are often used to solidify relationships in both sexual and platonic cases and often lead to further physical encounters.

Health

A hug is very good for people. Hugging can release a chemical called Oxytocin, which helps make a person feel less stressed. It also helps a person's immune system, and makes them feel less pain. Hugs can even help a person stay calm in a stressful situation.

Related pages

 Kiss
 Nonverbal communication

References

Relationships
Emotions
Non-verbal communication
WWE Intercontinental Championship is a professional wrestling championship in WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment). It is the first secondary title of WWE. It has been the exclusive secondary championship of WWE's weekly TV show Raw since April 2017 when the champion at the time Dean Ambrose was moved to the show from SmackDown in the 2017 Superstar Shake-Up.

History 
The WWE Intercontinental Championship was first known as the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) Intercontinental Championship, until the WWE/WWF 2002 Lawsuit. Following the title's introduction in 1979, Pat Patterson became the inaugural champion on September 15. The title's creation came as a result of Patterson defeating Ted DiBiase to win the WWF North American Championship and defending the title in a fictional tournament held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to be unified with a South American Championship.
After the WWF/WWE name change in 2002, the championship became known as the WWE Intercontinental Championship. It was then unified with the European Championship in a ladder match on July 22, and later the Hardcore Championship on August 26. The Intercontinental Champion, Rob Van Dam, won against the European Champion, Jeff Hardy, and the Hardcore Champion, Tommy Dreamer. As a result, Rob Van Dam was named the last European and Hardcore Champion. Then at No Mercy 2002, it was unified with the World Heavyweight Championship. The World Heavyweight Champion, Triple H, won against the Intercontinental Champion, Kane, and continued to be the World Heavyweight Champion while the Intercontinental Championship became inactive. In May 2003, after fan protests of the retirement of the Intercontinental Title, the title was reactivated by Raw Co-General Manager, Stone Cold Steve Austin, and was recommissioned to be the secondary championship for the Raw brand
. Shortly after, the WCW United States Championship was reactivated as the WWE United States Championship by the SmackDown! brand, making the Intercontinental Championship its equal counterpart for the Raw brand. During the 2009 WWE Draft the two title swapped brands, making the Intercontinental Championship SmackDown property and the US Title Raw property. On August 29, 2011, all WWE programming became "Supershows" that feature wrestlers from both brands, ending the brand extension. All WWE titles can now be defended at any WWE event.
At WrestleMania 32, the title was won by Zack Ryder in a seven-man ladder match, losing it the next night to The Miz on Raw.  The brand split was brought back in July of 2016, with the Miz being drafted to SmackDown Live, bringing the Intercontinental title to that show.  After a long feud with Dolph Ziggler over the title, the Miz lost the belt to Dean Ambrose on an episode of SmackDown Live on January 3, 2017. Ambrose was drafted to Raw in the 2017 Superstar Shake-Up, bringing the Intercontinental title to that show.

Current Champion 
Gunther won the title from Ricochet on the June 10 edition of SmackDown.

Related pages
 List of WWE Intercontinental Champions

References

Other websites 
 WWE Intercontinental Title History

World Wrestling Entertainment championships
1979 establishments
This is a list of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom who were voted to serve from 2004 to 2009.



Current members

This table can be sorted by constituency, party or party group: click the symbol at the top of the appropriate column.

Former members

Notes

 
Lists of British politicians
Polygamy is a word that comes from late Greek. It can be translated as many marriages. It refers to any form of marriage where a person has more than one spouse. There is also a concept called group marriage. In group marriage, all the (adult) members of the group are responsible for all the children.
 
A man being married to more than one woman at the same time is called polygyny. A woman being married to more than one man at the same time is called polyandry. 
These terms are used in zoology. They are under the titles: Polygyny in animals and Polyandry in animals.
Both forms have occurred in humans. Polygyny is much more common, and is practised by millions of people, mostly in Muslim and African countries. According to Muslim 
Sharia law, a man can have many wives at the same time. In many African Pagan religions, polygamy is a common custom, and there is often no limit to the number of women a man can marry. In most non-Muslim and non-African countries, polygamy is illegal, and a person who has more than one spouse can be prosecuted for bigamy. Some countries, including India, only permit Muslims to be polygamous.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 
Polygamy is one of the beliefs of Mormon Fundamentalists. These are Mormons (members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) who strictly follow the teachings of Joseph Smith. Smith felt it was his job to restore plural marriage to the earth. He was married to 33 women. In 1890 the Mormon church officially stopped "celestial marriages" (polygamy). Church members who continue to practice plural marriage are excommunicated from the church.
Sethepu/Isithembu 
Isithembu (Sethepu) is the African practice of a man being able to have more than one wife at the same time.  A man may marry again if his current wife or wives cannot have children. He keeps his current wife or wives as divorce is not allowed. A man may marry again if his current wife or wives have not produced male children. He can marry again if a wife does not want children. In some places, if a man dies, his wife or wives are married to his brother. This way his family is cared for. The Swazi culture says a man should have many wives. Polygamy (Isithembu) is normal for men. Woman should have children, which is normal for them.

References 

Marriage
Mating systems
Rickenbach is a municipality in the Olten district in Solothurn canton in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Olten District
Rickenbach can be the name of any of the following places:

In Germany:
 Rickenbach, Baden-Württemberg
 Rickenbach, Bavaria

In Switzerland:
 Rickenbach, Basel-Country
 Rickenbach, Lucerne
 Rickenbach, Solothurn
 Rickenbach, Thurgau
 Rickenbach, Zürich
Neal Cassady (February 8, 1926 - February 4, 1968) was an American writer. He was a member of the Beat Generation circle of writers and poets, of the 1950s and 1960s. He was a close friend of Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, and was the main inspiration behind Kerouac's breakthrough novel On the Road. Later he was the bus driver of Ken Kesey's "Merry Pranksters", during the hippie era.

Early life
Cassady was born in Salt Lake City, literally "on the road", as his mother gave birth to him while his parents rode in a car. They later separated, with his father raising young Cassady in Denver, Colorado. He got into trouble often as a boy, and spent part of his teen years in a juvenile facility. While locked up, he began to write letters back and forth with Hal Chase, another member of the (then-future) Beat Generation. Chase told his friends Kerouac and Ginsberg about Cassady, who wanted to meet him.
After he was released, Cassady traveled to New York, marrying sixteen-year-old LuAnne Henderson on the way. He met Ginsberg, and began a homosexual relationship with him (despite Cassady's marriage), and a friendship with Kerouac, recently divorced, who began to teach Cassady about writing. Kerouac's mother, whom he lived with, did not like Cassady, sensing he was just a con artist.

Kerouac knew this was at least partly true, but he did not mind, since he enjoyed Cassady's company. They looked a little like each other, and strangers who met them often guessed the two were brothers. They became very close personally, and felt that they really were brothers, though they came from different parents.
Cassady was a restless person, and his wife got tired of him not giving their marriage the attention it needed. She left him, and returned to her family. Cassady soon forgot about her, and started relationships with other women, and also with men. (He and LuAnne got back together later, but their reconciliation did not last.) Before long, he decided he wanted to travel. Cassady was an expert driver, and had no trouble driving cars at over 100 miles per hour, over long stretches of highway. Kerouac left his mother behind, and joined Cassady on many road trips, across the United States and even into Mexico. When Kerouac got sick in Mexico City, Cassady could not wait for him to get better, and left Kerouac behind at a hospital. Kerouac had to find his own way home, and was angry at Cassady, while Kerouac's mother thought it just proved her suspicions about him. Cassady turned up later, asking Kerouac's forgiveness, which he gave him
. Good or bad, Kerouac's experiences with Cassady were what he needed to finish a novel about cross-country travel, which he had wanted to write for years.
Kerouac was married again to Joan Haverty, and in trying to explain his friendship with Cassady to his new wife, he typed a long narrative, using a roll of teletype paper so he did not have to stop to change pages. He spent three weeks working on the narrative almost non-stop. It became the manuscript for his new novel, which he called On the Road.
His wife was bothered by the fact that he spent more time working on the manuscript than with her, and separated from him not long after it was finished. Kerouac spent the next six years making changes and improvements to the manuscript, until a publisher agreed to print it as a book. Cassady's name was changed to "Dean Moriarty", to make the book appear more fictional than it really was. Kerouac delivered one of the first printed copies of On the Road in person to Cassady, who did not give Kerouac the reaction he expected. Instead of being happy and proud, Cassady seemed disturbed and scared, by knowing that part of his life was now in print, and his character documented for the public to see.
Works
On the Road was published in 1957, and it made both Kerouac and Cassady famous. It did not do much to help their personal lives, however. Both men suffered from public overexposure, as the book became a best-seller. A mistake on the book's jacket made readers think that both men were much younger than they were. Their adventures in the book had happened years earlier, but many people thought they were recent. Some readers wanted to travel with them, or invite them to wild parties, or have sexual intercourse with them. Cassady enjoyed the attention for awhile, but it took its toll on him personally. Fame did not help his second marriage, to Carolyn Robinson, or the family they had together. Kerouac himself hated all the attention he got, and spent most of his time at home with his mother, working on new books, or drinking alcohol. In time, he became an alcoholic, and it ruined his health.
Cassady also partly inspired Allen Ginsberg's Howl, and was mentioned in the poem as "N.C.", the "secret hero" of Ginsberg's latest writings. Howl became a landmark work of the 1950s, and added to Ginsberg's and Cassady's fame. Ginsberg handled fame more easily than either Cassady or Kerouac, and had a long public career.
Cassady himself wanted to become a writer, or a jazz musician, but he was not a success at either. He tried to take saxophone lessons, but did not stay with them very long. He mostly worked as a laborer or a brakeman on railroads, before and after On the Road was published. Some of what he did write was published as a memoir, titled The First Third, but it was his only book. He was more successful at writing letters to friends. One was about his seductions of different women during a train trip. He recorded long talks with Kerouac and Carolyn, about their lives and thoughts, and parts of these went into a later book by Kerouac, titled Visions of Cody. ("Cody Pomeray" became Cassady's new fictional name, as Kerouac changed publishers.)

Cassady also sold marijuana to help pay his bills. One customer turned out to be an undercover policeman, who arrested Cassady. He spent a long time in jail. Carolyn had to both work, and try to raise their children alone.
Later life
Freed from jail, Cassady began to travel again. During the 1960s, he joined Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, who traveled back and forth across the United States in a bus, holding "acid tests", a name for LSD parties. Cassady drove the bus. He acted as merrily as anyone, and as full of energy as a young man, when the Pranksters were around. In private, though, he was not enjoying his life, and old friends noticed he looked very tired.
Legacy
Cassady left an indelible mark on the world of the 1950s and 1960s, through his documented adventures in the works of Kerouac, Ginsberg, and their friends. He also turned up in Kesey's writings about the Merry Pranksters. He inspired later bohemian characters, like Jim Morrison of The Doors. People today still read about his life and times, and wish they were able to meet Cassady, or make friends with him. The people who knew Cassady remembered him fondly later, even if he let them down personally, because he was such a unique (special) person. People loved watching Cassady live his life to the fullest, while he encouraged them to do the same with theirs.

Sources
Kerouac: A Biography, by Ann Charters (St. Martin's Press)
Kerouac and Friends: A Beat Generation Album, by Fred W. McDarrah (William Morrow and Company)

References

Other websites
Neal Cassady: Behind the Myth  (official site)
Bisexual people
Beat Generation
American LGBT writers
Writers from Salt Lake City, Utah
Writers from Colorado
1926 births
1968 deaths
Riedholz is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. In 2011 Niederwil merged into Riedholz.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lebern District
Northern Ireland was a constituency of the European Parliament. The Northern Ireland members of the European Parliament were chosen using Single Transferable Vote. The constituency was all of Northern Ireland.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results
Election results

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="7" | European Parliament election 1999: Northern Ireland 
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Party
! rowspan="2" | Candidate(s)
! rowspan="2" | Seats
! rowspan="2" | Loss/GainFirst Preference Votes
|-
! Number
! % of vote 
|- align="right"
|
|Ian Paisley
| 1
| 0
| 192,762
| 28.4 
|- align="right"
|
|John Hume
| 1
| 0
| 190,731
| 28.1 
|- align="right"
|
|Jim Nicholson
| 1
| 0
| 119,507
| 17.6 
|- align="right"
|
|Mitchel McLaughlin
| 0
| 0
| 117,643
| 17.3 
|- align="right"
|
|David Ervine
| 0
| 0
| 22,494
| 3.31 
|- align="right"
|
|Robert McCartney
| 0
| 0
| 20,283
| 2.98 
|- align="right"
|
|Sean Neeson
| 0
| 0
| 14,391
| 2.12 
|- align="right"
|
|James Anderson
| 0
| 0
| 998
| 0.15
|- align="right"
|colspan=5|Turnout||678,809||
|}

References 

European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom
Politics of Northern Ireland
Feldbrunnen-St.Niklaus is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Lebern District
Rodersdorf is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, on the border of Alsace, France.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Dorneck District
The Brill Building in New York City was a headquarters for many songwriters in the 1950s and 1960s. The building had offices for the writers, and also a small recording studio to make demo recordings. Don Kirshner hired the writers who worked there, and helped promote their works.

The Brill Building writers included many pop stars and future pop stars, including Jeff Barry, Neil Diamond, Carole King, Carole Bayer Sager, and Neil Sedaka. The Monkees recorded a large number of Brill Building songs, but they also wrote songs of their own.

Recording studios
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Christopher Stewart (born 27 March 1951) is an English musician and writer. He was the first drummer for rock band Genesis. He is now a writer and a farmer.

Stewart went to school with Tony Banks, Peter Gabriel, Mike Rutherford, and Anthony Phillips. The five of them formed a band called Anon. This band eventually became Genesis in January 1967. Stewart appears on the band's first two singles, "The Silent Sun"/"That's Me" and "A Winter's Tale"/"One-Eyed Hound".

Stewart was asked to leave the band in the summer of 1968 because he was not skilled enough. He was replaced by John Silver. After traveling and working throughout Europe, Stewart settled and bought a farm named "El Valero" in Andalusia, Spain.

He is now better known for his autobiograpical books: Driving Over Lemons: An Optimist in Andalucia (1999, ) and the sequels, A Parrot In The Pepper Tree () and The Almond Blossom Appreciation Society (2006, ). They are all about his work farming in Spain.

References
References

Other websites
Official website
Biography and news

British autobiographers
English drummers
Genesis members
English writers
1950 births
Living people
Jonathan "John" Silver (born 1950) was the second drummer for the English rock band Genesis. He replaced Chris Stewart in the summer of 1968. Silver left the band in August 1969. He was replaced by John Mayhew. Silver appears on the band's first full length album, From Genesis to Revelation and on the Genesis Archive 1967-75 box set. 

Silver lives in London with his wife, Lucy, and children, Leo, Max, and Libby.

1950 births
Living people
English drummers
Genesis members
John Mayhew (27 March 1947 – 26 March 2009) was an English musician. He was the third drummer for the progressive rock band Genesis. Mayhew was a part of the band from September 1969 until July 1970.  He replaced John Silver as the drummer for the band in August 1969 .  Mayhew appears on the album Trespass and the Genesis Archive 1967-75 box set.  He was replaced in 1970 by Phil Collins.

For many years Mayhew's life after playing for Genesis was a mystery to most fans.  It was said that his Trespass royaltycheque had gone unclaimed. There were rumors that he was dead or missing.  In 1979, he moved to Australia. He eventually found work as a carpenter. He is now an Australian citizen. In 2006, Mayhew attended the Genesis Convention in London along with Anthony Phillips and Steve Hackett. He even played drums for a tribute band's performance of "The Knife" (from Trespass). He died a day before his birthday from a heart attack.

References
References

1947 births
2009 deaths
Australian drummers
Australian rock musicians
Carpenters
English drummers
English rock musicians
Genesis members
People from Ipswich
Larches are conifers in the genus Larix. They grow on the northern hemisphere. Unlike other conifers, larches lose their leaves during autumn and winter.

Species 
There are 10–14 species, for example the European Larch, the North American Larch and the Japanese Larch. Scientists usually divide them into two main groups, New World species (North America) and Old World species (Europe and Asia). Inside this one, there are two more groups, Northern (Central Europe, Siberia, Japan, north of China) and Southern (south of China, Himalaya, Myanmar).

Eurasian

Northern 

Larix decidua or Larix europaea European Larch.
Larix sibirica Siberian Larch.
Larix gmelinii Dahurian Larch.
Larix kaempferi or Larix leptolepis Japanese Larch.
Larix principis-rupprechtii Prince Ruppretch's larch.

Southern 

Larix potaminii Chinese Larch.
Larix himalaica Langtang Larch.
Larix mastersiana Masters' Larch.
Larix speciosa Yunnan Larch.
Larix griffithii or Larix griffithiana Himalayan Larch.

North American
North American 

Larix laricina Tamarack Larch or American Larch.
Larix lyallii Subalpine Larch.
Larix occidentalis Western Larch.

There is also a hybrid, the Dunkeld Larch, which is a mix of the European Larch and the Japanese Larch.

Uses 
Larch wood is very valuable because it is resistant and it grows quickly. It is used for boats as well as houses.
Larches are also used in herbal medicine and in bonsai.
The tree appeared in many Monty Python sketches as a joke.

Gallery 

Conifers
Louise Goodman is one of two pitlane reporters for ITV's Formula One coverage. Before this she worked in marketing for the Jordan team. She started television broadcast in 1997.

She is said to be the first woman of Formula One live coverage. Louise Goodman has been ITV's roving pitlane reporter since ITV took the broadcast in 1997. She usually does driver interviews, while Ted Kravitz brings news from the teams about technical or tactical matters. She is taller than many F1 drivers, and is known for wearing much jewellery on her arm.

Goodman became the first female to be part of a pit stop when she removed the left rear tire in a Midland pit stop for Tiago Monteiro in 2006 British Grand Prix.
During Q3 in Hungaroring 2006 she interviewed David Coulthard. Coulthard had been knocked out in Q2. She asked him how the cold weather was affecting him. He answered," Ummm...well, it’s a lot nicer to look at you in your tight t-shirts first out." Goodman sounded startled when she replied, " Thank you so much DC. I'll have a word with you later." They then went back to the main commentary team who also sounded rather flustered.

In 2007, she became the presenter of ITV's coverage of the British Touring Car Championship. Her co-presenter was Ted Kravitz.

References

Other websites 
 Official site
 Louise Goodman  at ITV.com

English television presenters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
The Second Epistle to the Corinthians is one of the books in the New Testament.  It is an epistle (letter) written to the Church at Corinth by the Apostle Paul.

The Letter 

Paul begins by greeting the people in Corinth and reminding them that he is serving the Lord Jesus Christ.  He then spends a lot of time explaining to the people why he is an apostle.  Some of the people are mad at him because in 1st Corinthians he told them to stop doing bad things. He explains that he told them to stop because he loved them. He also teaches them that it is very important to forgive others.

Pauline epistles
New Testament books
Visby is the only city on the Swedish island of Gotland. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2005, its population is 22,236.

References

World Heritage Sites in Sweden
Settlements in Gotland County
Cities in Sweden
Kollam (Malayalam:കൊല്ലം) (known to the Portuguese as Quilon, pronounced koy-lon) is a city and a municipal corporation in Kollam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is  north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum). It is also the headquarters of the Kollam District, one among the 14 districts in Kerala. To the south is Thiruvananthapuram district, to the north is Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha, to the east is Tamil Nadu and to the west by the Arabian Sea.

Cities in Kerala
Kollam district
Aiglun is a town and commune of the Alpes-Maritimes département, in southeastern France.

Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes (; ) is a department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the extreme southeast corner of France.

The name Alpes-Maritime comes from ,  a Roman military district created in the region by Augustus in 14 BC.

History

The department of the Alpes-Martimes was created on 4 February 1793 with the territory of the County of Nice that was annexed in January of the same year. The capital was Nice. It was divided in three districts: Menton, Nice and Puget-Théniers. In 1794, district of Menton was changed to district of Fort-d'Hercule (Monaco).

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the three districts were changed into three arrondissements: Nice, Monaco and Puget-Théniers.

After the annexation of San Remo, the arrondissement  of San Remo was created in 1805. By the Peace of Paris in 1814, San Remo passed to Genoa and the rest of the department passed to the Kingdom of Sardinia.
When Nice became part of France in 1860, the department was created again with Nice as the capital and with the arrondisement of Grasse that was part of Var department. In the same year, the department was divided in two arrondissements: Grasse and Puget-Théniers.

On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Puget-Théniers was eliminated.

Geography
The Alpes-Maritimes is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It has an area of .

The department is surrounded by the Piedmont and Liguria  regions (Italy) and two departments; the Mediterranean Sea is to the south. It surrounds the Principality of Monaco on the west, north, and east.

 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region
 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (northwest)
 Var (southwest)

The highest mountain in the department is  Cime du Gélas () on the border with Italy; it is  high. The lowest point is along the Mediterranean coast.

The main rivers in Alpes-Maritimes are:  Var, Vésubie, Tinée, Roya, Estéron, Siagne, Loup.
Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Nice is a "Mediterranean climate" and of the subtype "Csb".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Nice is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of . There are an average of 94.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in April with 11.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in July with 4.0 days.

The average temperature for the year in Nice is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administration
Alpes-Maritimes is managed by the Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes in Nice. The department is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.

Administrative divisions
There are 2 arrondissements (districts), 27 cantons and 163 communes (municipalities) in Alpes-Maritimes.
The following is a list of the 27 cantons of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Antibes-1 (0601)
 Antibes-2 (0602)
 Antibes-3 (0603)
 Beausoleil (0604)
 Cagnes-sur-Mer-1 (0605)
 Cagnes-sur-Mer-2 (0606)
 Cannes-1 (0607)
 Cannes-2 (0608)
 Le Cannet (0609)
 Contes (0610)
 Grasse-1 (0611)
 Grasse-2 (0612)
 Mandelieu-la-Napoule (0613)
 Menton (0614)
 Nice-1 (0615)
 Nice-2 (0616)
 Nice-3 (0617)
 Nice-4 (0618)
 Nice-5 (0619)
 Nice-6 (0620)
 Nice-7 (0621)
 Nice-8 (0622)
 Nice-9 (0623)
 Tourrette-Levens (0624)
 Valbonne (0625)
 Vence (0626)
 Villeneuve-Loubet (0627)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Alpes-Maritimes are known, in French, as Maralpins (women: Maralpines).

Alpes-Maritimes had a population, in 2014, of 1,083,312, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Grasse, with 560,045 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Alpes-Maritimes
The communes in the department with more than 20,000 inhabitants are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Alpes-Maritimes department
 Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Other websites

 Departmental Council website 
 Prefecture website 
 Côte d'Azur tourism
A commune is the lowest administrative division in France. It represents all parts of a town or a village under the same name, for example Paris, Bordeaux or Rennes. As of January 1, 2008, there were 36,781 communes in France; 36,569 of them are in metropolitan France and 212 of them are in overseas France. This is much more than in any other European country. Every commune in France elects a mayor. The French word commune was first used in the 12th century[source?], from Medieval Latin communia, meaning a small gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common.[source?]

References
The cantons of France are area divisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments.

Related pages
 Lists of cantons of France
The 101 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements.  This means districts in English.  Most departments in France only have 3 or 4 arrondissements, but some may have more or less than this.

Related pages
 List of arrondissements of France
The following is the current list of arrondissements of France with their INSEE codes, the chief town (or capital), the 2013 population, the area, the population density and the number of communes. The chief town of an arrondissement is the seat of a prefecture or subprefecture.

Complete list

Lists by departments

Overseas departments of France

Mayotte has no arrondissements.

References
The following is a list of cantons of France, within each department:

Overseas departments of France

France-related lists
This is a list of the 43 cantons of the Ain department, in France, by arrondissement:

Arrondissement of Belley (9 cantons)
 Ambérieu-en-Bugey
 Belley
 Champagne-en-Valromey
 Hauteville-Lompnes
 Lagnieu
 Lhuis
 Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey
 Seyssel
 Virieu-le-Grand

Arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse (24 cantons)
 Bâgé-le-Châtel
 Bourg-en-Bresse-Est
 Bourg-en-Bresse-Nord-Centre
 Bourg-en-Bresse-Sud
 Ceyzériat
 Chalamont
 Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne
 Coligny
 Meximieux
 Miribel
 Montluel
 Montrevel-en-Bresse
 Péronnas
 Pont-d'Ain
 Pont-de-Vaux
 Pont-de-Veyle
 Reyrieux
 Saint-Trivier-de-Courtes
 Saint-Trivier-sur-Moignans
 Thoissey
 Treffort-Cuisiat
 Trévoux
 Villars-les-Dombes
 Viriat

Arrondissement of Gex (3 cantons)
 Collonges
 Ferney-Voltaire
 Gex

Arrondissement of Nantua (7 cantons)
 Bellegarde-sur-Valserine
 Brénod
 Izernore
 Nantua
 Oyonnax-Nord
 Oyonnax-Sud
 Poncin

France-related lists
Ain
Ain department
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark; 10 June 1921 – 9 April 2021; )  was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. He was originally a Prince of Greece and Denmark. He was born on the dining room table in a villa on the Greek island of Corfu, on 10 June 1921. He was the only son and fifth and final child of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg.

Early life
Prince Philip was on active service in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War. At the end of the war he was on the destroyer HMS Whelp in the Pacific, and was in Tokyo Bay for the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945. 

After he changed his nationality, he became known as Philip Mountbatten. His cousin was Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma.

On 19 November 1947, he was made a Knight of the Garter, and given the style of "Royal Highness".