Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Movies 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Movie
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1998
|The Parent Trap
|Hallie Parker / Annie James
|Main role
|-
|2000
|Life-Size 
|Casey Stewart
|TV
|-
|2002
|Get a Clue 
|Lexy Gold
|TV movie by Disney Channel Original Movie
|-
|2003
|Freaky Friday
|Anna Coleman
|Main role
|-
|rowspan="2"|2004
|Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen
| Mary Elizabeth "Lola" Steppe
|Main role
|-
|Mean Girls
|Cady Heron
|Main role
|-
|2005
|Herbie: Fully Loaded
|Margaret "Maggie" Peyton
|Main role
|-
|rowspan="3"|2006
|Just My Luck
|Ashley Albright
|Main role
|-
|A Prairie Home Companion
|Lola Johnson
|Supporting role
|-
|Bobby
|Diane Huber
|Supporting role
|-
|rowspan="1"|2007
|I Know Who Killed Me
| Aubrey Fleming / Dakota Moss
| Main Role
|-
|rowspan="1"|2008
|Dare to Love Me
| La Ritana
| Main role / filming
|-
|rowspan="1"|2010
|Machete
|TBA
|Supporting role
|-
|rowspan="1"|2012
|Liz and Dick
|Main role
|TV movie
|-
|rowspan="1"|2012
|Scary Movie 5
|Herself
|Credited
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[2013 in movies|2013]]
|The Canyons|Tara
|Supporting Role 
|}
Television 

 Another World - 1996–1997
 Bette (2000–2001) - appeared October 11, 2000, in pilot episode only
 Punk'd - one episode, December 14, 2003 (see above)
 Saturday Night Live - Host, May 1, 2004
 2004 MTV Movie Awards - Host, June 10, 2004
 That '70s Show - "Mother's Little Helper" episode, November 10, 2004
 Saturday Night Live - Cameo for Weekend Update, December 11, 2004
 Saturday Night Live - Host, May 21, 2005 (season finale)
 Saturday Night Live - Host, April 15, 2006
 2006 World Music Awards - Host, November 2006
 Ugly Betty- episode Jump Albums 
 Speak A Little More Personal (RAW)''
 Untitled third album

Singles

References

Other websites 

 Official website
 Casablanca (Universal) Records site 
 
 
 
  Maxim cover shoot pictures and interview
1986 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American child actors
American guitarists
American movie actors
American pop musicians
American television actors
American thieves
Models from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
Postum is a drink first made by C. W. Post in 1895. It is a powder substitute for coffee that is mixed with water. The ingredients are wheat bran, wheat, molasses, and corn dextrin.

It is advertised as a healthier choice of drink than coffee.

Drinks
Brok nad Bugiem (English: Brok near Bug) is a small town in Mazowsze Voivodship, Poland. Brok is in Ostrowian County (head town of this region is Ostrów Mazowiecka). Brok is one of the smallest places in Europe with town status (since 1500).

 Area: 28,05 km²
 Number of people (as of 2004): 1882
 Community: Brok
 Post code: 07-306
 Current Mayor: Stanisław Bębenek (since 2002)

Brok is regarded by many as one of the most beautiful places in this part of Poland. This is a tourist town near two rivers: Bug and one also named Brok.

Attractions include:
 Gothic Church (built 1560)
 Old Jewish Cemetery
 Location (Puszcza Biała, White Wood)
 Many old houses

Towns in Masovian Voivodeship
Ostrowian County (Poland)
Events 
 March 6 – Treaty of Toledo – Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain
 Great standing on the Ugra river – Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde and Moscow becomes the capital of Russia.
 Ludovico Sforza becomes Regent of Milan (reigns until 1499)
 Concorts and co-rulers Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile initiate the Spanish Inquisition (looking for heretics in converted Jews)
 Leonardo da Vinci invents the parachute
 Mohamed II fails in his attempt to capture Rhodes from the Knights of Rhodes
 Magdalen College School, Oxford starts.
 The Inca Empire conquers northwest Argentina.

Births 
 Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese explorer who was the first to sail around the world.
 Pier Gerlofs Donia, a huge pirate who fought for the independence of Friesland.
 Pir Sultan Abdal, Turkish poet.
 Peter Henlein, German inventor who may have first invented the watch.
Deaths 
 Antonio Squarcialupi, Italian composer
Events 
 Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade:
 July 8 – 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march around Jerusalem.
 January 13 – Crusaders set fire to Mara, Syria.
 July 15 – Christian soldiers under Godfrey of Bouillon, Robert II of Flanders, Raymond IV of Toulouse and Tancred take Jerusalem after a difficult siege, killing nearly every inhabitant.
 August 12– the crusaders defeat the Fatimids at the Battle of Ascalon.
Herb Alpert (born March 31, 1935 in Los Angeles, California) is an American musician. He is known for his trumpet playing with his group, Tijuana Brass. He is also the co-founder and one of the heads of A&M Records.

References

Other websites

Musicians from Los Angeles
American trumpeters
1935 births
Living people
A teddy bear is a type of toy that looks like a bear. The teddy bear normally looks like a cub or baby bear. It became popular in Germany and the United States in 1902 when the name was invented. In Russia, bears were used as children's toys and were the subject of folklore or stories, long before the 20th century. Teddy bears are often toys for children. They are also used to comfort people and to teach.

Teddy bear are popular and well-known. They may often have human-like features. They are usually small and soft. Teddy Bears are found all over the world. Early 20th century teddy bears were made from mohair, the hair of goats. Now they are usually made from synthetic fabrics.
Theodore Roosevelt 
There are many stories about how the Teddy Bear got its name. It may be a myth but the teddy bear is said to be named after Theodore Roosevelt, a hunter who disliked being called "Teddy". Roosevelt was the 26th and youngest President of the United States. He was president from 1901 to 1909. Friends of the president gave him the nickname "Teddy".

The most told story happened in November 1902. President Roosevelt was in Mississippi for a bear hunt. He and other men went out hunting for bear on horseback. They had hunting dogs to help find the bears. The dogs ran off following the scent of the bears. When the men could no longer hear the dogs, they turned around and went back to their camp. When they got to camp a bear was there. Everyone at the camp wanted President Roosevelt to shoot the bear. He would not do it or let anyone else do it. Another version has the bear captured alive and the President refusing to shoot it.

Teddy Bears for adults

Clothes
Clothes 

British soldiers in World War I, wore fur coats that they called Teddys. The American soldiers also wore a one piece fur overall they called a teddy. Women's nightgowns have also been nicknamed "Teddy" because they are comfortable.

Mascot
The teddy bear has been a mascot and a companion for many adults. In 1972 Olympic Long Jump Gold Medal winner Randy Williams was pictured on Life magazine with a teddy bear at the Munich games. The bear was given to him by an ex-girlfriend.

While playing baseball with the San Francisco Giants, Ron Bryant was nicknamed "Bear" for always taking his teddy bear everywhere with him. After playing for the Giants, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs. While he was playing with the Cubs, Bryant bought a bear from a girl on the street. He took the bear to the game and they won that day. After that, he brought the bear with him to all the games. The teddy bear was even fitted with a baseball uniform with Bryant's number.
Collection items 
Some adults collect "Cherished Teddies". They are figurines of teddy bears. They are considered knick knacks. Only a limited number from each mold is produced. Some are more common than others. As with other collectables the fewer made of a particular one, the more valuable.
Beanie Baby bears are of the most popular in Beanie Baby collections. "Princess Diana" bear honors the late Princess of Wales. Her bear is of royal purple color with two flowers on its heart. Accessories for the bear such as a copy of Princess Di's actual license, a crown, and royal cape can be purchased to enhance the royal bear. Some bears that were defective in production are considered to have the highest worth, since limited amounts were effected. Collectors search for the defective ones to have the most rare collection. Just as with "Cherished Teddies" the less available ones are worth the most amount of money. The TY tags on the ears of the bears condition also attributes to their value. Children have a tendency to rip off these tags, making the collectibles an everyday toy.

Healing, helping and learning
Bears in the classroom
The teddy bear is used in children's classrooms. According to "The Much Maligned Teddy Bear", teddy bears comfort and support children. The teddy bear is also used to teach children about different places. In story, the bear does traveling and sends postcards to the readers, which helps children learn. A child can learn a lot through teddy bears. There are books, logos that teach and comfort children. The teddy bear books help children learn to read and are also fond memories for parents and grandparents.

Teddy Bear Cop 
Law enforcement in America gives children in traumatic experiences teddy bears for comfort. Several agencies provide the bears to children going through crisis. The bears are donated by citizens to help children deal with transitioning from their homes to foster care or when a parent is arrested for breaking the law and is taken to jail. Firemen also hand out bears to children victims of fire.
Emotional support 
Bear Teddy is a popular toy not only among children but also among adults. Someone keeps their old plush friends, someone buys new ones. Psychologists explain such love for these toys at all ages by the fact that a person receives emotional support from those they trust. Recently, bear therapy has become widespread in the field of psychological care for patients.

Gallery

References

Other websites
 

Toys
Hangeul () (formerly Hangul 한굴) is the alphabet (or alphabetic syllabary) used for the Korean language.

It was made by Sejong the Great, the 4th King of the Joseon Dynasty in 1443. It is still being used now. When Hangeul was spreading, King Sejong published Hunminjeong'eum Haeryebon (훈민정음 해례본). It was picked as the 'Memory of the World' by UNESCO in 1997. 

In this book, the design ideas of Hangeul and information about its use were written down in detail. The book Hunminjeong'eum Haeryebon states the two design ideas of Hangeul. The first one is that the consonants of Hangeul look like vocal organs. The second one is that the vowels of Hangeul are based on Cheonji'in (천지인). Cheonji'in refers to the three elements of philosophy which are sky (천), earth (지) and human (인). Because of these ideas, Hangeul is well known for being easy to learn.
Although it was only used by the lower classes at first, Hangeul became the official writing script of Korea in the late 19th century. Today it is the most used writing system of both North Korea and South Korea. North Korea abolished the use of Hanja, and today North Koreans write only in Hangeul. In South Korea, people write mostly in Hangeul, but sometimes Hanja is still used.

Vowels 
Vowels are letters like A, E, O and so on

There are 21 letters for vowels in Hangul.
 10 simple ones,  ㅏㅓㅣㅑㅕ  and  ㅗㅜㅡㅛㅠ.
 11 more complicated combinations:  ㅐㅒㅔㅖ and ㅘㅙㅚㅝㅞㅟㅢ.

Meaning:

{|
|-----
| ㅏ || ㅓ || ㅣ || ㅑ || width="40" | ㅕ || ㅗ || ㅜ || ㅡ
| ㅛ || width="40" | ㅠ || ㅐ || ㅒ
| ㅔ || width="40" | ㅖ || ㅘ || ㅙ || ㅚ || ㅝ
| ㅞ || ㅟ
ㅢ
|-----
| a || eo || i || ya || yeo || o || u || eu
| yo || yu || ae || yae || e || ye || wa || wae || oe || wo
| we || wi
eui
|-----
|}
Those with two small lines are pronounced with an extra "y" first.
Consonants 
Consonants are letters like B, G, L, M, N, S and so on.There are 14 simple consonants: ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅊㅋㅌㅍㅎThey can be written two next to each other. Meaning:

The consonants the Korean language uses written in Latin letters are:
B, D, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, W, Y.

Blocks 
The consonants and vowels are combined into blocks of syllables. A syllable means one vowel and a few consonants, like "han" and "geul".

The blocks look like these examples: 서울 한글 평양

Examples

References

Other websites 

 

Alphabets
Korea
1443 establishments
15th-century establishments in Asia
Korean language
Lincoln Davenport Chafee (born March 26, 1953) is an American politician. He was the Governor of Rhode Island from 2011 to 2015. Before becoming governor, he was a junior U.S. Senator of Rhode Island from 1999 to 2007.

In 2016, he made a brief and unsuccessful bid for President of the United States in the 2016 Democratic primaries. In January 2020, Chafee announced he would run again, but this time for the Libertarian nomination. He ended his second campaign in April 2020.

Early life
Chafee was born in Providence, Rhode Island. His father, John Chafee, was also a Senator from Rhode Island and member of the liberal wing of the Republican Party. His mother was Virginia Coates. Chafee was raised in Warwick, Rhode Island. He studied at Brown University and at Montana State University.
Early career
Chafee entered politics in 1985 as a delegate to the Rhode Island Constitutional Convention. A year later, he was elected to the Warwick City Council, where he served until his election as Warwick's mayor in 1992, a post he held until his 1999 appointment to the U.S. Senate.

U.S. senator (1999-2007)
After his father died in office, Chafee was appointed to fill his vacancy. He was elected to his first full term in 2000.

He was a very liberal Republican senator. He is strongly pro-choice and supports gay rights and gun control. He was the only Republican senator in 2002 to voted against war in Iraq. He was the only Republican United States senator to vote against authorizing the use of force to remove Saddam Hussein from power.
In 2004, he did not endorse the reelection of President George W. Bush, and urged other Republicans to write-in in the November election George H. W. Bush, not his son. In January 2006, he was also the only Republican senator to vote against Samuel Alito to the United States Supreme Court.

He was defeated for re-election in the Senate in 2006 by Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse.

Governor of Rhode Island (2011-2015)
 
Chafee was elected as Governor of Rhode Island in 2010. He was sworn in on January 4, 2011. He became the first Independent to serve as Governor of Rhode Island since John Collins in 1790.

In 2012, he served as co-chair of Barack Obama's re-election campaign. Since then, he was a Democrat.

On May 1, 2013, Chafee signed a bill that legalized same-sex marriage in Rhode Island.

Chafee has shown some willingness to deviate from strict "War on Drugs" policies, in favor of alternative approaches to America's drug-crime problem.
On September 4, 2013, Chafee announced that he would not run for re-election as Governor of Rhode Island after months of low-approval ratings from the public and by election officials.

2016 presidential campaign

On April 9, 2015, Chafee announced that he had formed an exploratory committee in preparation for a potential candidacy for President of the United States as a Democrat in 2016. He formally declared his candidacy on June 3, 2015.

Following a widely panned debate performance, poor polling numbers, and a poor fundraising campaign, Lincoln Chafee announced on October 23 that he would be suspending his campaign.

2020 presidential campaign

On March 11, 2019, Chafee officially switched from the Democratic to Libertarian Party, stating that, "It's what I've always been — fiscally conservative and socially liberal."

In August 2019, Chafee said that he'd "be open" to running for president as a Libertarian.
On January 5, 2020, Chaffee formally filed to run for the Libertarian nomination. He is scheduled to make a formal campaign announcement on January 8 at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. He ended his campaign on April 5, 2020 after failing to win any of the primary contests.

Personal life
Chafee married Stephanie Chafee in January 1990. They have three children. He now lives in Teton Village, Wyoming.

References

Other websites

1953 births
Living people
American mayors
Governors of Rhode Island
2016 United States presidential candidates
2020 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Rhode Island
Politicians from Wyoming
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
People from Warwick, Rhode Island
Sascha Fischer (born 24 December 1970 in Stuttgart) is a German rugby union player. He started with volleyball, then he began to play rugby for DSV 1878 Hannover (Lower Saxony). Right now he is playing in France as a pro for C.A. Périgueux-Dordogne. With his former team, C.S. Bourgoin-Jallieu, he took part at Heineken Cup. He is 6 feet, 8 inches tall (2.08 meters) and one of the tallest rugby players in Europe. He is a 27 time national player for Germany. He is a very aggressive player and with his height, he can overlook the whole rugby field.

1970 births
Living people
Rugby union players
Sportspeople from Stuttgart
Daniel Robert "Bob" Graham (born November 9, 1936) is a retired American politician. He was a well known member of the Democratic Party.

Graham has never lost an election. His career started with being a state legislator (Representative 1966-1969, and Senator 1971-1979).

Career

Early career 
In 1978 he was elected Governor of Florida. His Lt. Governor was Wayne Mixson. Graham was reelected in 1982, when he won 65% over a Republican candidate, Skip Bafalis.

He was a popular Governor. He did much to protect the environment. He also oversaw restart of state executions (as first time since 1964), when 16 people were electrocuted. The first of them, John Spenkelink, was the first to die in the electric chair since 1966 in the United States. He was the second to be executed since 1967 (after Gary Gilmore in Utah in January 1977).
Later career 
Graham was elected to the United States Senate in 1986, defeating sitting Senator Paula Hawkins. He served as Senator from 1985 to 2005, when he retired. He resigned from governorship on January 3, 1985, three days before the swearing-in of the governor-elect, Republican Robert Martinez. For this time Mixson assumed his duties, making him the shortest serving governor in Florida history.

From 2001 to 2003 Graham was a chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.

Attempted careers 
In early 2003 he decided to run for President but, after poor results in an opinion polls, he resigned and later supported John Kerry, who won the Democratic nomination. He was regarded as possible Kerry Vice Presidential candidate, but Kerry chose John Edwards.

Graham voted in 2002 against intervention in Iraq.

Personal 

 He was born in Dade County (now Miami-Dade County)
 He married Adele Khoury in 1959
United States senators from Florida
Governors of Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
1936 births
Living people
2004 United States presidential candidates
Americans are citizens of the United States.

Also, there are other groups that did not immigrate to the United States but became American because of American expansion in the late 19th century. In addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found around the world. Three to seven million Americans are estimated to be living outside the United States.

Most Americans are of European descent. The number of Latin Americans and Asians is more than ever. About 13% of Americans are of African descent. People from many cultures, religions, and ethnic groups live in the U.S. This is why the United States is called the "Melting Pot".

The United States is a diverse country. Six races are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes: White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander.

The current population of Americans in the U.S. is over 331 million people as of 2022.

References
Ohio Wesleyan University is a private university in Delaware, Ohio and a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio. Wesleyan was founded in September 1844.

Colleges and universities in Ohio
Five Colleges of Ohio
Great Lakes Colleges Association
Oberlin Group of Libraries
1844 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in Illinois
Lakshmi is the goddess of money, wisdom and good luck in Hinduism. Most Hindus pray to her on Diwali, which is a festival in India. She is regarded as an equivalent goddess of Emoinu, her Meitei counterpart.

Lakshmi has four arms, fair skin and sits on a lotus flower and is normally surrounded by elephants. She is covered in jewellery.

She also has several avatars (means a god coming to the earth in the form of a human being or in any other form). Her husband is the Hindu god Vishnu but her other avatars are usually married to Vishnu's avatars:
 Sita, wife of Rama
 Radha, the lover, and Rukmini, the first wife and queen of Krishna

Related pages
 Hindu Goddess

Further reading

References

Other websites 

 Maha Lakshmi Purana
108 Aspects of Wealth
 The Online mandir of Mahalakshmi 
 Know about Goddess Sri Lakshmi 
 Hymns and eulogies on Lakshmi 
 Lakshmi Puran

Hindu gods and goddesses
Ancient Australia (also called the Prehistory of Australia), covers the time from when the first humans came to Australia to the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788.

Aboriginal artefacts have been found, surfacing evidence that suggests that they have most likely lived in Australia for over 80,000 years.

Due to the low sea levels, migration from Asia to Australia was much easier than it is now. However several long sea crossings would still have had to be made. These crossings would have included distances of 90100 km of open sea. It is not known what kind of boat would have been used for these crossings, but they were probably a raft made from bamboo. These first Australians were the world's first ocean travellers.
It is not known what the first Australians appearance looked like. The oldest place where humans lived in Australia dates to 55,000 years ago, the Malakunanja II rock shelter in the Northern Territory. The earliest human remains in Australia were found at Lake Mungo in New South Wales. These remains are 15,000 years younger. The bones of people born from 40,000 to 10,000 years ago, show they were more robust, and were more physically varied than later people. Several important archaeological sites reveal information about the life of these people. These sites include Lake Mungo, Kow Swamp, Coobool Creek, Talgai, and Keilor.

The first Australians had dark skin and black hair. Most of them were hunter-gatherers, hunting animals and collecting plants to eat. They were nomadic people moving from place to place in search of seasonal foods.
They developed into different ethnic groups and each group had its own language and traditions. In 1788 it is estimated that there were about 500 separate language groups in Australia. Each of these language groups was made up of many smaller groupings. These smaller groups often combined for ceremonial and trade activities. Because they were all different, it is difficult to make general claims about Aboriginal traditions and beliefs.

Changes over time 

The changes to the fauna were even more dramatic. Megafauna, species much larger than humans, disappeared, as well as many of the smaller species. About 60 different vertebrates became extinct, including the Diprotodon family (very large marsupials that looked rather like hippos), several large flightless birds, meat eating kangaroos, a five-metre lizard and Meiolania, a tortoise the size of a small car.
The direct cause of the mass extinctions of the megafauna is uncertain. It may have been fire, hunting, climate change, or a combination of all. Without large herbivores to eat the vegetation, the extra fuel made fires burn hotter, further changing the landscape.

In the period from 18,000 to 15,000 years ago, Australia became dryer, with lower temperatures and less rainfall. Between 16,000 and 14,000 years ago the sea levels rose quickly. One scientist has estimated sea levels rose 50 feet in 300 years. At the end of the Pleistocene, about 13,000 years ago, rising sea levels cut the land access across the Torres Strait to New Guinea, the Bass Strait between Victoria and Tasmania, and to Kangaroo Island.

The Tasmanian Aborigines were cut off from the rest of Australia. By 9,000 years ago there were no longer people living on the small islands in Bass Strait or Kangaroo Island.
Culture 
The Aboriginal people did not develop writing but they painted pictures on rocks and bark. They also scratched or carved designs into rocks. They used paint that they made from crushed rocks and water in colours like brown, red, orange, and yellow. Many ancient cave paintings have been all over Australia. As the paints made form crushed rock and clay are not organic, it is not possible to use carbon dating to date these pictures. Some paintings have been found showing megafauna that became extinct over 40,000 years ago. These paintings may be the oldest known paintings in the world. Another site in Arnhem Land has charcoal drawings that have been radiocarbon-dated at 28,000 years old.
Aboriginal people had a strong spirituality. They believed that everything had come from the Dreamtime and that the earth was sacred. They believed that ancestor spirits such as the Rainbow Serpent had made the world and everything in it. The laws and customs of the Dreamtime are passed on from parents to children. They have complex ritual songs and dances which are performed at corroborees.

References

History of Australia
Austral
Indigenous Australian history
In Australian Aboriginal culture, life is based on a foundation of beliefs which are called the Dreamtime, or The Dreaming. This is a complex set of ideas with deep levels of meanings. The Dreamtime has four parts: The beginning of everything; the life and power of the ancestors; the way of life and death; and power in life. Dreamtime was all four of these things at the same time because it is more powerful than time and space. In it all things exist at once. The Aboriginal peoples call Dreamtime the all-at-once time because they think it is the past, present, and future at the same time. It is a beginning that has no end.

They meet The Dreamtime by doing special dances and singing special songs. Aboriginals believe that people have a part of them that will live forever. This part existed before a person was born and will exist after they die. It exists in The Dreamtime.
Dreamtime is often used to describe the time before time, or the time of the creation. Most Aboriginals believe that all life is connected to the great spirit ancestors of the Dreamtime. Every hill, water hole, river, the sky, every feature was created in the Dreamtime. The journeys of the ancestors across the country created the landscape, and populated it with plants and animals. These journeys are often told in cycles of stories, songs and dances, known as iwara, or songlines. These great spirit ancestors have not gone, they are still present, even if they can not be seen. The ceremonies of songs and dance keep the people in contact with the spirits. "Without ceremony the land soon dies..."

References

Australian mythology
Indigenous Australian culture
Creation myths
The Loch Ness Monster, also referred to as Nessie, is a supposed animal, said to live in the Scottish loch of Loch Ness, the second biggest loch in the country. The Loch Ness Monster story was big in the field of cryptozoology.

Most scientists believe that the Loch Ness Monster is not real, and they say that many of the sightings are either hoaxes or pictures of other mistaken existing animals. However, a popular theory among believers is that "Nessie" is a plesiosaur, an extinct meat-eating aquatic reptile that lived in the Mesozoic era. The Loch Ness monster has also been described as an elephant, eel, and other animals.
Surgeon's photograph' (1934) 
The Surgeon's photograph was the only photographic evidence of a head and neck – all the others are humps or disturbances. Dr. Wilson claimed he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, so grabbed his camera and snapped five photos. After the film was developed, only two exposures were clear. The first photo (the more publicised one) shows what was claimed to be a small head and back. The second one, a blurry image, attracted little publicity because it was difficult to interpret what was depicted.

The image was revealed as a hoax in 1994. 
Supposedly taken by Robert Kenneth Wilson, a London gynaecologist, it was published in the Daily Mail on 21 April 1934. Wilson's refusal to have his name associated with the photograph led to it being called "Surgeon's photograph".
The strangely small ripples on the photo fit the size and of circular pattern of small ripples as opposed to large waves when photographed up close. Analysis of the original uncropped image fostered further doubt. A year before the hoax was revealed, the makers of Discovery Communications's documentary Loch Ness Discovered analysed the uncropped image and found a white object was visible in every version of the photo. "It seems to be the source of ripples in the water, almost as if the object was towed by But science cannot rule out it was just a blemish on the negative", he continued. Additionally, analysis of the full photograph revealed the object was quite small, only about  long.
After Christian Spurling's confession, most agree it was what Spurling claimed – a toy submarine with a sculpted head attached. Details of how the photo was accomplished were published in the 1999 book, Nessie – the Surgeon’s Photograph Exposed. Essentially, it was a toy submarine with a head and neck made of plastic wood, built by Christian Spurling.

Spurling was the son-in-law of Marmaduke Wetherell, a big game hunter who had been publicly ridiculed in the Daily Mail, the newspaper that employed him. Spurling claimed that to get revenge, Marmaduke Wetherell committed the hoax. His co-conspirators were Spurling (a sculpture specialist), his son Ian Marmaduke, who bought the material for the fake Nessie, and Maurice Chambers (an insurance agent). Chambers asked surgeon Robert Kenneth Wilson to offer the pictures to the Daily Mail.
The hoax story was disputed by Henry Bauer. Unfortunately for Bauer, he claimed that plastic wood did not exist in 1934, when actually it was a popular DIY and modelling material from the 1920s.

No animal has ever been discovered in the loch which resembles the mythical monster.

Other websites 
 nessie.co.uk

References 

Scotland
Cryptozoology
Wesleyan is the adjective form of Wesley, which could also mean:
John Wesley, the founder of Methodism
The Wesleyan Church, split from the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1843.
 Any person who adopts the principles of Wesleyan theology. 
Wesleyan used as a noun may refer to one of many universities and liberal arts colleges named after John Wesley. Institutions include:
United States
Dakota Wesleyan University, in South Dakota
Illinois Wesleyan University, in Illinois
Indiana Wesleyan University, in Indiana
Iowa Wesleyan College, in Iowa
Kentucky Wesleyan College, in Kentucky
Nebraska Wesleyan University, in Nebraska
North Carolina Wesleyan College, in North Carolina
Ohio Wesleyan University, in Ohio
Oklahoma Wesleyan University, in Oklahoma
Roberts Wesleyan College, in New York
Southern Wesleyan University, in South Carolina
Tennessee Wesleyan College, in Tennessee
Texas Wesleyan University, in Texas
Virginia Wesleyan College, in Virginia
Wesleyan College, in Georgia
Wesleyan University, in Connecticut
West Virginia Wesleyan College, in West Virginia
Global
Nagasaki Wesleyan University, Japan
Wesleyan University, in the Philippines
Macintosh, Mackintosh, or McIntosh can be:
 Apple Macintosh (computer)
 Mackintosh, raincoat
 McIntosh (apple), type of apple
 McIntosh, Alabama
 McIntosh Laboratory, hi-fi manufacturer 

Macintosh and similar spellings is a surname:
 Charles Macintosh (Scottish inventor)
 Charles Rennie Mackintosh (Scottish architect and designer)
 Donald McIntosh, Canadian-born officer in Custer's 7th Cavalry, killed at Little Big Horn
 The Scottish Clan MacKintosh
 Winston Hubert McIntosh, better known as Peter Tosh
Southern rock is a kind of rock music from the southern part of the United States. Some southern rock music groups include: Lynyrd Skynyrd, The Allman Brothers Band and Molly Hatchet.

Notable Artist
The Allman Brothers Band
Lynyrd Skynyrd
Atlanta Rhythm Section
Wet Willy
Molly Hatchet
Blackfoot
Black Oak Arkansas

Rock music
Ostrów Mazowiecka is a main town of Ostrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.

 Population (as of 2008):  a. 23 540
 Area: 22,09 km²
 Town status: Since 1434
 Postal code: 07-300, 07-302, 07-310
 Current Mayor: George Bauer (Jerzy Bauer)
 Community: Ostrów
 Twin town: Brembate di Sopra (Italy), Iziaslav (Ukraine), Ryazan (Russia)

Related pages
Brok

Towns in Masovian Voivodeship
Ostrowian County (Poland)
100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: C) is a common year of the Gregorian calendar. It started on a Friday. It was also a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

It is one of only seven years to use just one Roman numeral. The seven are 1 AD (I), 5 AD (V), 10 AD (X), 50 AD (L), 100 AD (C), 500 AD (D), and 1000 AD (M).

Events 
 Roman Empire
 Pliny the Younger advances to consulship
 Tiberius Avidius Quietus rule as governor of Roman Britain ends
 Timgad (Thamugas) founded by Emperor Trajan
 The Roman Army reaches 300,000 soldiers
 Bricks become the primary building material in the Empire

 Europe
 Lions have become extinct in Europe by this year

 Asia
 Pakores, last king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, becomes king
 In China, the wheelbarrow is first used 

 Americas
 Hopewell culture begins in what is now Ohio (uncertain date)
 Teotihuacan at the center of Mexi reaches a population of 50,000

 Arabia
 Kingdom of Himyarite is conquered by the Hadramaut
Religion
 The Temple of the God of Medicine is built in Anguo, China
 Fourth Buddhist Council begins
 The making of the Kama Sutra begins in India

Births

Deaths 
 Josephus, Jewish historian
 Agrippa II of Judea

References
Niue is a sovereign island country in the south Pacific. 

It is located between Tonga, Samoa and the Cook Islands, it is commonly known as "Rock of Polynesia". 

It has its own government, but it is an associated state of New Zealand. This means that Niue's head of state is New Zealand's sovereign (king) in right, and most diplomatic relations are conducted by New Zealand on Niue's behalf.

The territory is 2,400 kilometres northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga, Samoa, and the Cook Islands.

Related pages
 Niue national football team

References

 
Commonwealth dependent states
1994 establishments in Oceania
Master race is an idea that one group of people is better than all other people. A group of people may believe themselves to be better because of their history, race, culture or some other reason. The idea first appeared in the 19th century. It was also used at different times in the 20th century, for example by the Nazi party and during Apartheid in South Africa.

History 
This idea mostly began in the 19th century. It is not a theory liked by any scientists today. It claims there is a hierarchy of races (or that some races are better than others).  It was also claimed that at the bottom of the hierarchy were black-skinned people from Africa and Aborigines from Australia, while pale-skinned Nordic people were at the top of the hierarchy.
Writers who started this idea 
Arthur de Gobineau (1816–1882) believed that cultures become bad when races mix. In his book Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races (, 1853–55), de Gobineau states that the mix of races has a bad influence on culture. In his view, the development of culture is linked to that of race. When empires are created, this leads to a mixing of races. According to de Gobineau, this would lead to degeneration and the downfall of the respective empire.

During this time, Charles Darwin started to develop his ideas about evolution. Social Darwinism is the attempt to use these concepts to predict the development of societies. Houston Steward Chamberlain believed the Germanic race was there "to save the world".
In colonialism, the concept was helpful too. Germany and Great Britain had many colonies. They would pick an ethnic group and say that this was better than the other groups. This would then lead to an  indirect rule in the respective colony. People who conducted African studies in Germany developed a whole system, to make this easier. The Hamitic theory said that the Hamitic people were superior and should rule over the other Negroid people in Sub-Saharan Africa. John Hanning Speke (1827-64) and Charles Gabriel Seligman (1873-1940) were among the most prominent people with this idea. People such Johann Ludwig Krapf, Karl Richard Lepsius, or Carl Meinhof used the study of languages in this context. They said that languages that had a grammatical genus were Hamitic, those that did not were Negroid. Using these criteria to find suitable candidates for indirect rule also led to problems: According to the theory, the Maasai were Hamitic, and should rule in German East Africa
. Fortunately, they were unable to make such a system for political and economic reasons. The explanation was that "out of bad luck", the Maasai were a Hamitic people kept at a lower level of social development. In their place, the Swahili were picked, as the "next-higher" people. In German South-West Africa, there was a similar problem: The theory identified the Khoikhoi as Hamitic, but they were too few to rule the country. For this reason, the Ovambo were picked for an indirect rule.
Arthur Schopenhauer liked this idea, but had the idea of "Übermensch":  He said that the White race had become what it was though hardship and bad conditions in the North. Others who liked his theory were Guido von List and Lanz von Liebenfels.
Hitler and his supporters,  the Nazi party, took power in Germany in 1933. They were Social Darwinists, Social Darwinists believe that human races are stronger or weaker than each other. They believed that the stronger races would prove themselves better in the long run, this concept was called "survival of the fittest". Nazis believed that their race the Aryans were stronger than all the other races, because of this, they believed the Aryans would one day rule over the weaker races. The Nazis made laws that were based on their ideas of race. They prevented marriage between races so that the Aryan race would not become mixed with other "weaker" races because they believed it would weaken the master race. They claimed that "Aryans" were the "master race". They also made propaganda that blamed Jews for many things. Jews were considered by Nazis, a weak race whose weak values would infect the better values of the Aryan race. German Jews were not allowed to own property
. In many cases, they were attacked and killed because of their Race. When Germany invaded other countries in Europe, they also started putting people into concentration camps. This systematic killing is known as The Holocaust today.
To help increase the numbers of Aryans, the Nazis set up special homes called "Lebensborn". These were for unmarried pregnant woman who were likely to have children that had Nordic or Aryan qualities. This mainly meant fair skin, blond hair, blue eyes. Though slight differences could still be considered Aryan as lots of people in Germany at the time had dark hair and eyes. Heinrich Himmler believed that this would help create more members of the master race. He arranged for nine Lebensborn homes to be built in Germany, and another ten in Norway. There were also Lebensborn in France, Belgium and Luxembourg. About 20,000 children were born in these homes during the Third Reich.

Related pages
 Mein Kampf
 Racism

References

Nazism
Race
Fascism
Reichstag is the name of:

 Reichstag (building), building where the former German legislature met
 Reichstag (institution), former parliament of Germany
The Last Supper is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci.  It is a picture of the last supper of Jesus and his disciples. It shows how they reacted when Jesus said that one of them would betray him. Each disciple has their own expression showing their own reaction to what Jesus has just told them.

The painting is a mural on the wall of the Santa Maria delle Grazie rectory in the dining room in Milan, Italy. It measures 460 X 880 cm.  Da Vinci began painting it in 1495 and finished it in 1498, but did not work on it all the time between these years.  Some people think the painting has secret messages.

Paintings with Christian themes
Paintings by Leonardo da Vinci
15th-century paintings
Saint Thomas is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. His name means "the twin".

Doubting Thomas

Thomas is most famous for not being present when the other apostles (Jesus's followers and friends) first saw Jesus after he has been risen from the dead. Thomas was not there and when he heard about it, he did not believe his friends, and he said he wanted to see it for himself, even the marks in his hands where Jesus had been nailed to the cross. Jesus did return and showed Thomas. The phrase "Doubting Thomas" (a term for a person who does not believe something at first) comes from this story. Thomas didn't believe Christ had returned until he was invited by the risen Jesus to put his finger into the nail holes in Jesus' hands and his hand into Jesus' wounded side.

Missionary Travels
Missionary Travels

Though not recorded in the Bible, there are many stories about Thomas working as a missionary.  The Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India believe that Thomas came to India to preach in 52 A.D. He is regarded as the patron saint of India. Other ancient accounts tell of him going to China and Indonesia.

References

Related pages
Twelve Apostles

Thomas, Saint
Thomas, Saint
70s deaths
1st-century births
Bartholomew the Apostle is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. He is the patron saint of Armenia, bookbinders, butchers, Florentine cheese and salt merchants, Gambatesa, Italy, leather workers; nervous diseases, plasterers; shoemakers; tanners, and trappers. Along with Saint Jude Thaddeus, he helped bring Christianity to Armenia. He is the patron saint of people who work with leather and animal skins because he was martyred (killed for his beliefs) by being skinned alive. He is usually represented by holding a large knife and his skin.

Bartholomew is also found in Islamic literature. In one such story mentioned by Suyuti, Ibn Arabi, Bayhaqi, and Abu Nuyam Bartholomew is described as one whom God has given extended life to and he meet the companions of the Prophet Muhammad in Iraq. This event took place during the regin of Umar.

Related pages
Twelve Apostles

References

Bartholomew
Twelve Apostles
Matthew the Evangelist is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ and the traditional author of the Gospel of Matthew (AD 80-90). He is traditionally considered identical to the tax collector Matthew the Apostle or "Levi" mentioned in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

Modern scholarship 
According to the consensus of modern biblical scholars Matthew the Apostle is not the writer of the Gospel of Matthew, who in fact is anonymous. If the Gospel was not written by Matthew as tradition states, then the author was probably a male Jew, standing on the margin between traditional and non-traditional Jewish values, and familiar with technical legal aspects of scripture being debated in his time.

References

Related pages
 Twelve Apostles

Early Christian saints
Twelve Apostles
John was born in 6AD in Bethsaida in an area called Galilee which was ruled by Herod Agrippa at the time. John was the son of Zebedee and Salome. He was also the brother of the first Christian martyr listed, James, and was part of the Twelve Apostles and followed Jesus Christ as on of his closest friends. John is mentioned many times in the New Testament and wrote a few books himself too called, The Gospel of John, John 1, 2 and 3. He also wrote the last testament and the only book based upon one's vision: Book of Revelation.

Family Life/ Life before Jesus Christ 
John was the first son of Zebedee and Salome and the only brother of James and he was a bright child growing up. Historians suggest John was privileged, if not rich and they have 3 points to support themselves:
He was known by name to the high- priest. The high-priest was at the very top of Jewish society.
 He was classically educated. He could read letters and spoke Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek and maybe even a bit of Roman.
 His father relied on ''hired men'' or ''bought men'' in other translations, suggesting he had slaves. Slaves are expensive!

Life being Jesus Christ's apostle 
John would've probably used his literary skills to get Jesus everywhere and would've got connections to help out with money and shelter. John was amazing and you can read about him and his portrayal in a new TV Show called The Chosen here; https://the-chosen.fandom.com/wiki/John

John would also be HEAVILY affected with the behaviour of others like the Samaritans and Jesus himself.
Life after Jesus' death 
John would've been devastated. Jesus would have been like a second brother to him and he would be utterly shattered. Then with the resurrection and ascension he woud have been overjoyed. Amazed, even. John stayed in Jerusalem until the spirit of the Holy Spirit promise of the Pentecost had passed and he travelled all the way

After Pentecost, the next known place John went is unclear. He most likely went to his hometown in Galilee, Bethsaida and preached to the people there. He stayed in touch with the others when they went through Samaria and Jerusalem.

Feast Day 
The feast day is celebrated on December 27.
Christian mystics
Twelve Apostles
6 births
100s deaths
Ancient Roman writers
Evangelists
Saint Peter (, "rock") also called Simon (Kephas) Peter is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. He is often talked about in the New Testament. Most of what we know about Peter comes from the Bible. In the Gospel it is written that Jesus Christ would make Peter the "rock" (foundation) of the Church (Gospel of Matthew 16:18, you are Peter (rock), and upon this rock I will build my church).

It is not known when Peter was born. But the date of his real death is said to be about the year 64 AD. He died by being nailed to a cross in Rome. This type of death is called crucifixion. According to the apocryphal Acts of Peter, Peter asked to be crucified upside down, as he felt unworthy to die as Jesus did. Most historical sources only say he was crucified this way.

The historical accuracy of the accounts of Peter's role in Rome is a matter of ongoing debate.
Paintings from later centuries often show him holding the keys to the kingdom of heaven (interpreted by Roman Catholics as the sign of his primacy over the Church), a reference to Matthew .

Peter was married according to the gospel of Mark. The name of his wife is unknown.

Saint and Pope
The Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Lutheran Churches, as well as the Anglican Communion, consider Simon Peter a saint. Roman Catholics believe that the Pope is Peter's successor. For this reason, he is the rightful head of all other bishops. Eastern and Oriental Orthodox also recognise the Bishop of Rome as the successor to Saint Peter and the Ecumenical Patriarch sends a delegation each year to Rome to participate in the celebration of his feast.