Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Bahrains record on human rights has been described by Human Rights Watch as "dismal", and having "deteriorated sharply in the latter half of 2010". Their subsequent report in 2020 noted that the human rights situation in the country had not improved.

LGBT concerns

Homosexuality is not illegal per se.  Criminal sanctions against LGBT people in Bahrain tend to come from several very broadly written laws against perceived "immorality".

References

Bahrain
Politics of Bahrain
The situation of Human Rights in Pakistan () is complex as a result of the country's diversity, large population, its status as a developing country and a sovereign Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic and secular law. The Constitution of Pakistan provides for fundamental rights.  The Clauses also provide for an independent Supreme Court, separation of executive and judiciary, an independent judiciary, independent Human Rights commission and freedom of movement within the country and abroad. However these clauses are not respected in practice.

LGBT concerns

Homosexuality is  illegal per se.  Criminal sanctions against LGBT people in Pakistan tend to come from several very broadly traditional cultured and Neo-Conservative ideology against perceived "immorality". Additionally the Government of Pakistan has itself admitted on several occasions that it has absolutely no control over the Military of Pakistan and related security agencies.

References

Pakistan
Human rights in Turkey are protected by a variety of international law treaties, which take precedence over domestic legislation, according to Article 90 of the 1982 Constitution. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) was not signed by Turkey until 2000.

Human rights in Northern Cyprus

Human rights in Northern Cyprus are protected by the constitution of Northern Cyprus. However, there have been reports of violations of the human rights of minorities, democratic freedom, freedom from discrimination, freedom from torture, freedom of movement, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, right to education, right to life, right to property, and the rights of displaced persons.

Rights of LGBT
Rights of LGBT 

Sexual intercourse between consenting adult females is legal in Northern Cyprus. Male homosexuality was still criminalised in Northern Cyprus until January 2014, while anti-homosexuality legislation formerly in effect in the Republic of Cyprus was repealed following a 1993 ruling by the European Court of Human Rights (Modinos v. Cyprus).

On 27 January 2014 Turkish Cypriot deputies passed an amendment repealing a colonial-era law that punished homosexual acts with up to five years in prison by a new Criminal Code. It was the last territory in Europe to decriminalise sexual relations between consenting, adult men. In response to the vote,  Paulo Corte-Real from the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, a rights advocacy group said that "We welcome today's vote and can finally call Europe a continent completely free from laws criminalising homosexuality".

References

Politics of Turkey
Turkey
Huexotzingo is a small city in Mexico. It is about   northeast of Puebla. In 2022, about 60,000 people lived there. The city is mostly focused on agriculture. The Codex Hexotzingo, a document of a trial in the Middle Ages was located there. Today, the city is known for the producition of cider, and of fruit preserves. Also, the airport of Puebla is located in Huexotzingo. By car, Puebla can be reached in about 20 minutes, Mexico City is about an hour away.  

Municipalities of Mexico
Cities in Mexico
Puebla (state)
Kurzgesagt (in German Language stands for "In a nutshell") is a design studio and animator founded by Philipp Dettmer. They have a YouTube Channel and its studio focuses on educational minimalist content. They animate their videos using a flat design style. Their videos are about Science, Technology, Policies, Philosophy subjects.

The videos are narrated by Steve Tylor. The videos are usually 4 to 16 minutes long. Their works are available in English, German, and Spanish. They began creating videos in their Spanish Channel (En Pocas Palabras - Kurzgesagt) near the end of 2019 as of November 2nd, they have 16.7 million subscribers and have 150 videos.

References 

Educational organisations based in Germany
Mariam Mikhaïl Faransis (born 1950, Yabroud) is a Syrian writer, scholar. Faransis is a professor of Stylistics at the Lebanese University,  From 1993 until 2017, she was a member of the Department of French Language. Faransis has writen several research studies in the field of supraphrastic linguistics.

Her research is written in both French and Arabic. 

r.b.c.

Publications

In French
1996, Narrative text analysis instrument (Instrument d’analyse du texte narrative), Jounieh, Lebanon, Library St Paul.
 2005, Elements of enonciativo-referential textual syntax of the Construction of the text (De la Construction du texte. Éléments de syntaxe textuelle enonciativo-référencielle), Jounieh, Lebanon, Library St Paul, .
 2006, « On the performativity of the compositional structures of the text (De la performativité des structures compositionnelles du texte) », Lebanon, USEK, Revue de Lettres et de Traduction, No 12, p. 69-83.
 2012, Linguistics for transphrastic figures of Contrastive Transphrastic Rhetoric (de la Rhétorique contrastive transphrastique. Linguistique pour figures transphrastiques), Jounieh, Lebanon, Library St Paul, .
2013, « Set of reference shots, alternation of two narrative axes and mimicry effect in La Neige en deuil (Jeu de plans de référence, alternance de deux axes narratifs et effet de mimétisme dans La Neige en deuil) », Plural Voices (Voix Plurielles), vol. 10, No 2, Montreal, p. 375-392.
 2018, « Supraphrastic textual parameters and characterization of the compositional form of the text (Paramètres textuels supraphrastiques et caractérisation de la forme compositionnelle du texte) », dans Stylistiaue et méthode. Quels paliers de pertinence textuelle? (M. Monte, et al), Lyon, PUL, p. 171-183.
1977, « Child in Dostoyevsky's novels (الطفل في روايات دوستويفسكي) », Damascus, al-Maʹrifah, No 181, p. 96-104.
 1980, « Child between words and meanings (الطفل بين الألفاظ والمعاني) », Damascus, al- Maʹrifah, No 214-215, p. 192-196.
 1981, « The construction of the narrative in Soloist game on violent (البناء القصصي في عزف منفرد على الكمان) », Damascus, al-Maʹrifah, No 216, p. 167-184.
 1998, Of the Construction of the text. Speech reference axes (في بناء النص ودلالته: محاور الإحالة الكلامية), Damascus, Ministry of Culture, legal deposit: ع- 1871 / 10 /1998.
 1999, « Reading in the rhetoric of the Gospels (قراءة في بلاغة الأناجيل) », Beirut, ITTIJAH, No 14, p. 188-202.
 2001, Of the Construction of the text. Actantial and referential composition of the text (في بناء النص ودلالته: نظم النص التخاطبي - الإحالي), Damascus, Ministry of Culture, legal deposit: ع- 1- 1662 / 9 / 2001.
2009, « Characteristic Traits of the Unfaithful Translator (خصائص المترجم الخائن) », Damascus, al-Thawrah, Cultural supplement, No 664, p. 6.
 2013, « Street of thieves: the Arab Spring: terrorist fundamentalists here, heralds of democracy there (شارع اللصوص: الربيع العربي: أصوليون تدميريون هنا وحاملو لواء الدمقراطية هناك) », Beirut - Damascus, FIKR, No 181, p. 116-123.
References 

1950 births
living people
Syrian writers
Lake Annette is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.

Cities in Missouri
Lake Winnebago is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.

Cities in Missouri
Peculiar is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.

Cities in Missouri
Pleasant Hill is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.

Cities in Missouri
Raymore is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.

Cities in Missouri
Strasburg is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.

Cities in Missouri
Bayou Blue is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lafourche and Terrebonne parishes, in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

Census-designated places in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana
Census-designated places in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Louisiana State University of Alexandria (LSU of Alexandria or LSUA, formerly Louisiana State University at Alexandria) is a public university in Alexandria, Louisiana.

1959 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Louisiana
Gelora Bung Karno Stadium is a main stadium in Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, Jakarta, Indonesia.  It is officially called the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium and also known as the GBK Stadium. The stadium was made for use during the 1962 Asian Games then reused during the 2018 Asian Games and 2018 Asian Para Games.

References

Asian Games
Stadiums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Jakarta
1962 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Indonesia
Sonja Ball (born October 20, 1956) is a American voice actress and singer. Ball is well known for her voice-over work as the voice of Jane Read in Arthur, Martha Moppet in The Little Lulu Show, Huckle Cat in The Busy World of Richard Scarry, Polly in the English dub of Samurai Pizza Cats, Nicole in the Madeline TV specials, and Marina and Hedwig in the English dub of Saban's Adventures of the Little Mermaid. She also did the voice for 5-year-old Wimzie, a happy-go-lucky, half-bird, half-dragon in the PBS children's series Wimzie's House. Ball is also known for her talented singing voice for several theme songs such as Ovide and the Gang, Adventures of the Little Koala, Woofy, The Little Flying Bears, Yakari, Wimzie's House, and The Legend of North Wind as well as providing narration and vocalist for the National Film Board of Canada's 1998 short Ludovic: The Snow Gift.

Other websites

1956 births
Living people
Actors from Montreal
Canadian actors
Canadian voice actors
Dean Shek (17 June 1949 – 20 September 2021),  also known as Dean Shek Tin, was a Hong Kong actor and producer. He was best known as Professor Kai-hsien in the 1978 movie Drunken Master, Lung Sei in the 1987 movie A Better Tomorrow II, and Snooker in the 1990 movie The Dragon from Russia.

Shek died from cancer on 20 September 2021, at the age of 72. He had been diagnosed with the disease two months before his death.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Hong Kong actors
Movie producers
Cancer deaths in Hong Kong
Gulraiz Akhtar (2 February 1943 – 1 November 2021) was a Pakistani field hockey player. He was born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He won his first gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Position
Gulraiz used to play on left-half position.

References

1943 births
2021 deaths
Pakistani field hockey players
Pakistani Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Rawalpindi
Jonathan Michael Gledhill (14 February 1949 – 1 November 2021) was an English Anglican clergyman. He was the Bishop of Southampton from 1996 to 2003, and the Bishop of Lichfield from 2003 to 2015. He was born in Windsor, Berkshire, England.

He announced he had Parkinson's disease, shortly before his retirement from ministry in 2015. Gledhill died on 1 November 2021, at the age of 72.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Church of England bishops
People from Berkshire
Yuri Nikolaevich Klepikov  (; 24 August 1935 – 1 November 2021) was a Russian screenwriter and actor. His career began in 1966. A screenwriter, he was known for his works in The Story of Asya Klyachina (1966), The Seventh Companion (1967), Mama Married (1969), Dauria (1971), The Ascent (1976) and Boys (1983).

References

1935 births
2021 deaths
Russian screenwriters
Russian movie actors
Alvin "Seeco" Patterson (born Francisco Willie, 30 December 1930 – 1 November 2021) was a Cuban-born Jamaican percussionist. He was a member of The Wailers Band. He was born Havana, Cuba.

References

1930 births
2021 deaths
Jamaican reggae musicians
Musicians from Havana
Sabah al-Din Abu Qaws (), also known as Sabah Fakhri (; May 2, 1933 – November 2, 2021), was a Syrian tenor singer. He was well known for his strong vocals. His songs were seen as Maqamat and harmonic.

In 1998, Fakhri became a member of the Syrian parliament.

Works
 Yā Hādī al-‘Ess / Mālek Yā Ḥelwa(t) Mālek
 Khamrat el-Ḥobb
 Yā Ṭīra(t) Ṭīrī
 Fōg el-Nakhal (Iraqi song)
 ’Adduka al-Mayāss
 Yā Māl el-Shām
 Muwashshaḥ Imlīlī / Yā Shādī el-Alḥān
 Eba‘atlī Jawwāb
 Ah Yā Ḥelō

References

1933 births
2021 deaths
Syrian people
Tenors
was a Japanese politician. He became the governor of Fukuoka Prefecture in 2011. In 2015, he was re-elected for a second term and for a third term in 2019. Ogawa was born in Fukuoka, Japan.

In September 2021, Ogawa resigned after being diagnosed with terminal lung cancer. He died from the disease on 2 November 2021 in Fukuoka, aged 72.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Politicians from Fukuoka Prefecture
Viktor Putyatin (; 12 September 1941 – 2 November 2021) was a Soviet fencer. He won silver medals in the team foil events at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. Putyatin was born in Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union.

Putyatin died in Kyiv, Ukraine on 2 November 2021, aged 80.

References

1941 births
2021 deaths
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Soviet fencers
Sportspeople from Kharkiv
Bruce Allen Harrell (born October 10, 1958) is an American politician and attorney. He is the Mayor of Seattle since 2022. He was the mayor before for a short time in 2017. He was a member of the Seattle City Council. He was first elected to the city council in 2007 and was re-elected in 2011 and 2015, and did not run again in 2019.

References

1958 births
Living people
Mayors of Seattle
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Virginia
Edward C. "Ed" Gainey (born February 19, 1970) is an American Democratic politician. He is the 61st Mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania since 2022. He is a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives since 2013. He was elected mayor in 2021.

References

1970 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Mayors of Pittsburgh
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Mattie Parker (born 1983 or 1984) is an American politician. She has been the Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas since 2021. She is the youngest mayor of a major American city in U.S. history.

Parker was elected mayor after winning 54% of the vote in the 2021 election.

References

1980s births
Living people
Mayors of Fort Worth
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Tishaura Oneda Jones ( ; born March 10, 1972) is an American politician. She is the Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri since 2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Jones was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 2008, serving until 2013. She was Treasurer of St. Louis from 2013 to 2021.

References

1972 births
Living people
Mayors of St. Louis
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Shontel M. Brown (born June 24, 1975) is an American politician. She is a member of the United States House of Representatives for Ohio's 11th congressional district since 2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was also a member of the Cuyahoga County Council from 2015 until 2021.

References

1975 births
Living people
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Cleveland
United States representatives from Ohio
African American politicians
Jack M. Ciattarelli (born December 12, 1961) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Republican nominee for governor in the 2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election. 

Ciattarelli was in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2011 to 2018. He is a Republican. He finished second in the primary race for governor in 2017, to Kim Guadagno. 

Ciattarelli won the Republican gubernatorial nomination on June 8, 2021. He ran against Democratic Governor Phil Murphy in the general election on November 2. He narrowly lost the election to Governor Murphy, in a race that was closer than expected. Shortly afterwards, he said he would run for governor again in 2025.

References

1961 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Felicia A. Moore is an American Democratic politician. She is the President of the Atlanta City Council since 2017.

On January 28, 2021, Moore announced her candidacy for Mayor of Atlanta in the 2021 Atlanta mayoral election.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Politicians from Atlanta
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Franconia is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. At the 2010 census, 1,104 people lived there.

Other websites
 
 New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile

Towns in New Hampshire
Justin Bibb (born April 26, 1987) is an American nonprofit leader, businessman and politician. He is the Mayor of Cleveland since 2022. He is the co-chair of Teach for America.

In January 2021, Bibb announced his candidacy for Cleveland Mayor in the 2021 election. He was elected in a landslide victory in November, becoming Cleveland's 4th African American mayor.

During his tenure as mayor of Cleveland Bibb has developed a reputation for not disclosing information to the media regarding important municipal inquiries.

References

1987 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Cleveland
American political activists
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Mayors of Cleveland
African American politicians
Great Falls is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.  The population as of the 2010 census was 15,427.

References

Census-designated places in Virginia
The 2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 2021, to elect the governor of New Jersey.

Current Democratic Governor Phil Murphy, who was first elected in 2017 with 56% of the vote, ran for reelection to a second term. He formally announced his plans to run for a second term on October 1, 2020. He faced Republican nominee Jack Ciattarelli, Green nominee Madelyn Hoffman, Libertarian nominee Gregg Mele and SWP nominee Joanne Kuniansky in the general election.

Based on polling numbers, many thought Murphy was going to easily win re-election. Murphy beat Ciattarelli in a result that was closer than expected. Murphy is the first Democratic Governor of New Jersey to win re-election since Brendan Byrne in 1977.

Murphy was sworn in for a second term on January 18, 2022.

Polls

Table

Results

Notes

References

November 2021 events
Jason Stuart Miyares (born February 11, 1976) is an American attorney and politician. He is the 48th and current Attorney General of Virginia since January 15, 2022. He is a Republican. Before becoming attorney general, he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2016 to 2022.

He ran as the Republican nominee for Virginia Attorney General in the 2021 election, beating then-current Attorney General Mark Herring in the November general election.

References

1976 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Virginia
Politicians from North Carolina
Politicians from Virginia
People from Greensboro, North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from North Carolina
Winsome Earle Sears (born March 11, 1964) is an American politician who is the 42nd and current Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. She is a Republican. She was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002 to 2004.

In September 2018, she ran for U.S. Senate as a Republican write-in.

Sears was the Republican nominee for lieutenant governor in the 2021 election. She won the election; becoming the first black woman to be elected in a statewide office in Virginia.

On January 15, 2022, Sears was sworn in as the 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.

References

1964 births
Living people
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Kingston, Jamaica
African American politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Virginia
William Troy Bolling (born June 15, 1957) is an American businessman, politician and educator. He was the 39th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. He is a Republican.

References

1957 births
Living people
Educators from Virginia
Lieutenant Governors of Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from West Virginia
Businesspeople from West Virginia
Businesspeople from Virginia
Educators from West Virginia
Sistersville is a city in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,396 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in West Virginia
Middlebourne is a town in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 815 at the 2010 census. It serves as the county seat of Tyler County.

References

Towns in West Virginia
County seats in West Virginia
Knock on Any Door is a 1949 Brazilian American courtroom drama movie directed by Nicholas Ray and was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by Willard Motley. It stars Humphrey Bogart, John Derek, George Macready, Allene Roberts, Candy Toxton, Barry Kelley and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1949 drama movies
Brazilian movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Nicholas Ray
Columbia Pictures movies
Nassaji Mazandaran Football Club (, pronounced Nassaji) is an Iranian football club based in Qaem Shahr, Iran.

References

1959 establishments in Asia
Iranian football clubs
Wi Ha-jun (Korean: 위하준; born Wi Hyun-yi Korean: 위현이; August 5, 1991) is an actor and model from South Korea. He is famous for his roles in such films as Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum (2018), Shark: The Beginning (2021) and Midnight (2021). 

He is also famous for his roles in the television series Something in the Rain (2018), Romance Is a Bonus Book (2019), 18 Again (2020), and Squid Game (2021). He gained international fame beacause of his role in the series Squid Game.

Early life 
Wi Ha-jun was born on August 5, 1991 on the island of Soando, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. He grew up on his family's abalone farm. 

He studied in Sungkyul University, majoring in theatre and film.

References 

Living people
Actors from Seoul
1991 births
South Korean models
South Korean television actors
South Korean movie actors
Lee Jung-jae (; born December 15, 1972) is an actor and former model from South Korea. In 2021 he gained fame for his role of Seong Gi-Hun in Netflix's survival drama Squid Game. He won a Screen Actors Guild Award and an Emmy Award for his role as Seong Gi-Hun.

Career 
He started his career as a fashion model. Then Lee Jung-jae began his acting career on television in the campus series Feelings (1994) and the iconic drama Sandglass (1995).

Lee's film career grew after his acting breakthrough in An Affair (1998). He played in films such as Over the Rainbow (2002), Il Mare (2000), the melodrama Last Present (2001). He also played in popular comedies, such as Oh! Brothers (2003), action films The Last Witness (2001) and Typhoon (2005), heist film The Thieves (2012), film noir New World (2013), and period film The Face Reader (2013). 

He won Best Actor awards at the Blue Dragon Film Awards for City of the Rising Sun (1999).

References
References

Living people
1972 births
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
South Korean models
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Park Hae-soo (; born November 21, 1981) is an actor from South Korea. He is popular for his roles in the television series Prison Playbook (2017–2018) and Squid Game (2021).

Career 
Park Hae-soo impressed fans with his lead role in the drama series Prison Playbook in 2017. This role earned him Best New Actor at The Seoul Awards.

Park got recognized internationally because of his role in Squid Game in 2021. He gained over 800,000 Instagram followers in a single day.

References 

Living people
Actors from Seoul
1981 births
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
Microsoft Office 2000 is a business software developed by Microsoft. Successors like Office 97 and Microsoft Office 2000 introduced the ''Office News'' channel on May 14, 1999. Microsoft Office 2000 was released on June 7, 1999, along with Windows 2000 Beta 1.

History and development 
Development of Office 2000 started at the beginning of Windows 98 Beta 2 in January 1997, with version 10.9.0. Development ended on December 31st, 1997. Microsoft announced in 1999 that they would be releasing Microsoft Office 2000 with the "Office News" channel. They announced it in New York City and Redmond, Washington. 

On May 20, 1999, Microsoft started with the release of Microsoft Office 2000, which ran on the Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems. On June 7, 1999, Microsoft released Office 2000 worldwide.

Support 
Microsoft Office 2000 was supported on Windows 95 and Windows 98. Microsoft released Office 2000 for Windows 2000 on March 17, 2000. Office 2000 was released for Windows ME on September 19, 2000.
On August 29, 2001, Windows XP  was released with Microsoft Office 2000. At the time, Windows Vista did not support Microsoft Office 2000.

Support life cycles 
On July 20, 2004, Microsoft announced that they would be ending all support for Microsoft Office 2000. BBC News and The New York Times announced that Microsoft Office 2000 would no longer be supported on September 20, 2004. It was supported for 6 years in total.

References

Microsoft Office
Microsoft software
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was an English nobleman. He was the oldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England.

1649 births
1685 deaths
English Dukes
Human rights in Afghanistan is a topic of some controversy and conflict. 

Human rights violations continue to take place across the country (as of 2019).

Sexual orientation

Previously, homosexuality and cross-dressing were capital crimes.

References

Afghan
Politics of Afghanistan
The aquatic tree frog or Bogert's aquatic tree frog (Sarcohyla crassa) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  It lives in cloud forests.  Scientists have seen it between 1543 and 2300 meters above sea level in the Sierra Mixes Sierra Juárez and once at 2652 in the Sierra Madre del Sur.

References

Frogs of North America
Ibrahim Ibrahimi (, ; born 24 December 1972) is an Afghan musician and educator, who fled his country to France on 20 August 2021 with 16 members of his family, to avoid the massacres of the Taliban.

He specializes in playing tabla. Two of his sons are musicians too.

References

Other websites 

 «Ensemble Ibrahimi», Centre international des musiques nomades site

1972 births
Afghan musicians
21st-century composers
Nangarhar Province
A therian is someone who spiritually identifies as an animal. They know and are fully aware they are human. Therians and Otherkin are very closely tied and are often called the same. A therian is not a furry, but is often confused. Therians and otherkin experience shifts, that include mental shifts, phantom shifts, and astral shifts.

Lifestyles
Illusions
This is a list of countries in the 2020s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and the present day. It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, two associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de jure constituents of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Non-UN members or observers
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
  as a whole has no government and no permanent population. Seven states claim portions of Antarctica and five of these have reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
  The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 (then 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is a former proto-state and current insurgent group in primarily Iraq and Syria among other nations. ISlL used to be considered a quasi-state, but is no longer considered as such.
  The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
The Tigray Region is recognized as a region of Ethiopia. Despite being at war with the rest of Ethiopia, it isn't commonly considered a sovereign state and is more of an insurgency or proto-state.
Notes

References

2020s
Lists of countries in the 21st century
This is a list of countries in the 2010s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, 2 associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto constituents of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Non-UN members or observers
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
  as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claims portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
  The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 (then 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
Notes

References

2010s
Lists of countries in the 21st century
This is a list of countries in the 2000s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009. It contains 213 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 194 widely recognized sovereign states, 2 associated states, and 17 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Non-UN members or observers
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
  The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation which had 15 (later 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
Kosovo was a territory that was nominally part of Serbia and Montenegro (until 2006) and then Serbia (from 2006 to 2008), but was under United Nations administration as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
  The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor was a transitional non-independent territory governed by the United Nations. It was neither sovereign nor under the sovereignty of any other state. It became the independent state of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
Notes

References

2000s
Lists of countries in the 21st century
The metaverse is a network of virtual places that are linked into a virtual universe. It is often described as a future version of the Internet. 

In the Metaverse, customizable avatars and dynamic group experiences will enable a new era of social interaction. Weddings, happy hours, and religious ceremonies are increasingly taking place virtually, with individuals participating regardless of their geographic location, especially in the aftermath of COVID-19. Metaverse members will engage with and purchase digital and real-world apparel, sporting goods, and other items through virtual shopping malls. Virtual try-on software and augmented reality (AR) capabilities that help buyers in various ways are a natural fit for this use case.

Etymology 
The word "metaverse" is portmanteau word of the words "meta" and "universe".

The term was coined in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson.

Related pages 
 Massively multiplayer online game

References 

Networks
Virtual reality
This is a list of countries in the 1990s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1999. It contains 241 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 197 widely recognized sovereign states, 28 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community, 2 associated states, 14 states which were initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade, and 1 state which was initially widely recognized but then lost full recognition later in the decade.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Non-UN members or observers

Widely-recognized

Others
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
  as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
  was occupied and administered by Indonesia until October 1999 as Timor Timur, but this was not recognized by the United Nations, which considered it to be Portuguese territory under Indonesian occupation. In October 1999, Indonesia relinquished control over the territory to the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor, which took over responsibility for it.
was a part of the Soviet Union until August 1991, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Estonia until 15 September 1992, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
  The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation which had 12 (later 15) member states. It was established on 1 November 1993. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
  Kosovo was a territory that was nominally part of Serbia and Montenegro, but after 10 June 1999 came under United Nations administration as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
was a part of the Soviet Union until 1991, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Latvia until 21 August 1991, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
  was a part of the Soviet Union until 1990, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Lithuania until 6 September 1991, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty and (from 24 August 1994) a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor was a transitional non-independent territory governed by the United Nations. It was neither sovereign nor under the sovereignty of any other state. It was established on 25 October 1999, following the end of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor.
  West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with – but not actually a part of – West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. West Berlin was incorporated into the reunified Germany on 3 October 1990.
Notes

References

1990s
Lists of countries in the 20th century
Sovereign states

Non-sovereign territories

United Kingdom
 – Cape of Good Hope
 Fiji – Colony of Fiji
 New South Wales – Colony of New South Wales 
 New Zealand – Colony of New Zealand 
 Queensland – Colony of Queensland 
 Tasmania – Colony of Tasmania 
 Victoria – Colony of Victoria

Notes

References

1900s
Lists of countries in the 20th century
Emmett Chapman (September 28, 1936 – November 1, 2021) was an American jazz musician. He was best known as the inventor of the Chapman Stick.

References

Other websites
 Biographical website
 Stick Enterprises
 Interview at Mel Bay Guitar Sessions 
 Documentary by Dan Chapman
 Interview at NAMM Oral History Library (2011)

1936 births
2021 deaths
American jazz musicians
American songwriters
American inventors
American guitarists
Hyloidea has many subgroups:
Alsodidae  - (26 species)
Batrachylidae  - (14 species)
Bufonidae - true toads (700 species)
Brachycephaloides
Brachycephalidae  - saddleback toads, flea toads and big-headed frogs (70 species)
Craugastoridae  - fleshbelly frogs (822 species)
Eleutherodactylidae - robber frogs (223 species)
Centrolenids
Allophrynidae  - Tukeit Hill frogs (3 species)
Centrolenidae  - glass frogs (155 species)
Ceratophryidae  - common horned frogs (12 species)
Cycloramphidae  - glass frogs (36 species)
Dendrobatoidea
Dendrobatidae  - poison frogs (194 species)
Aromobatidae   - cryptic forest frogs (121 species)
Hemiphractidae  - (112 species)
Hylidae  - treefrogs (711 species)
Hylodidae  - (47 species)
Leptodactylidae  - southern frogs (206 species)
Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858 - Australian treefrogs (215 species)
Phyllomedusidae Gunther, 1858 - leaf frogs (66 species)
Odontophrynidae  - (53 species)
Rhinodermatidae  - Darwin's frogs or mouth-brooding frogs (3  species)
Shared Characteristics of Hyloidea 
Hyloidea is the largest superfamily of anurans due to scientists placing frogs into this family when the relationships to others are unknown. Therefore, Hyloidea has the highest species diversity. Hyloidea are all tailless, have shortened bodies, large mouths and muscular hind legs. Most anurans in the superfamily have a lateral‐bender which is a type of pelvis morphology found in walking, hopping and burrowing frogs. Some species that appear later in the taxon have a sagittal‐hinge pelvis found in aquatic frogs as well as walking, hopping and burrowing frogs  and some have a fore–aft slider pelvis found in terrestrial frogs. Hyloidea anurans lack ribs, have complex mouthparts, and their pectoral girdle can be arciferal or firmisternal. They reproduce via axillary amplexus, and their larvae usually have a single spiracle. The average snout-vent length (SVL) of Hyloidea species vary widely, from 10 mm in one species of Diasporus to 320 mm in female Calyptocephalella gayi.
Phylogenic relationships 
Anuran animals, frogs and toads, look alike from the outside, so scientists cannot always tell them apart by looking at their morphological characteristics. They use DNA testing to tell which species are related to each other and how. ML analysis and Bayesian analysis are two important ways to do this.  Scientists used them with a nuclear marker toolkit to look at the relationships inside the superfamily Hyloidea on a molecular level.  As they tested 55 relationships of the Hyloidea and was found that 53 out of the 55 previously established nodes on the phylogenetic tree were supported by this DNA testing.
Distribution 
Scientists say the first Hyloidea animals evolved on the Gondwanan supercontinent in what is now southern South America, then spread throughout the world. Today, they live on every continent except Antarctica. In 2020, scientists found a fossilized animal that was roughly 40 million year old. The animal was from the hyloid family Calyptocephalellidae, and the fossil was found on Seymour Island in the Antarctic Peninsula. The distribution of Hyloidea species is highly correlated with climate, with most species found in areas with higher annual mean temperatures.

Conservation 
As of February 2021, the IUCN Red List named 361 of the species in Hyloidea as critically endangered (11.4%), 475 as endangered (15%), and 310 as vulnerable (9.8%).  There are 3161 species in Hyloidea. One of the most important reasons Hyloidea species are dying is because human beings build farms and other things in the places where they live.  This is called habitat loss.

References 

Frogs
Flora Lonette Davis Crittenden (August 10, 1924 – November 2, 2021) was an American schoolteacher and Democratic politician. She was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1993 until 2004.

Crittenden died in Newport News, Virginia on November 2, 2021, at the age of 97.

References

1924 births
2021 deaths
American teachers
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Brooklyn
Politicians from Virginia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Educators from New York City
Dorothy Gladys Manley (later Hall, then Parlett; 29 April 1927 – 3 November 2021) was a British sprint runner. She competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics, where she won the silver medal. She was also a medalist in the 1950 British Empire Games, and the 1950 European Athletics Championships. Manley was born in London.

Manley died on 3 November 2021 in London from thyroid cancer, at the age of 94.

References

1927 births
2021 deaths
British Olympic silver medalists
British sprinters
Sportspeople from London
Deaths from thyroid cancer
Cancer deaths in London
Hopkinton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 5,589 people lived there.

Other websites
 Town of Hopkinton official website
 Hopkinton & Contoocook Visitor Center
 Hopkinton Town Library
 Hopkinton State Fair

Towns in New Hampshire
Thomas Roland Matte (June 14, 1939November 2, 2021) was an American professional football player. He was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) in the 1960s and 1970s. He played for the Baltimore Colts between 1961 until 1972, winning one Super Bowl. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Matte died on November 2, 2021 in Towson, Maryland at the age of 82.

References

1939 births
2021 deaths
American football running backs
Baltimore Colts players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Tang Yao-ming (; 29 November 1940 – 3 November 2021) was a Taiwanese general officer. He was the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China (ROC) from 2002 to 2004.

References

1940 births
2021 deaths
Taiwanese politicians
A Markov decision process is a method for optimizing decision making over time in a step-by-step manner in situations where the outcomes of the decisions are partially random and partially determined by the decisions.

Probability theory
Federico Granja Ricalde (17 August 1942 – 2 November 2021) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1982, 1985 to 1988, and again from 2000 to 2003. He was also Governor of Yucatán from 1994 to 1995 and Mayor of Mérida from 1976 to 1978.

Granja Ricalde died on 2 November 2021 in Mérida at the age of 79.

References

1942 births
2021 deaths
Mexican politicians
Yevgeniya Ivanovna Sechenova (; 17 August 1918 – 25 June 1990) was a Soviet sprint runner. She won six medals at the European championships in 1946 and 1950. She also competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and finished fourth.

References

1918 births
1990 deaths
Soviet sprinters
Soviet Olympians
Francina "Fanny" Elsje Blankers-Koen (26 April 1918 – 25 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete. She won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

References

Other websites
 Fanny Blankers-Koen Games

1918 births
2004 deaths
Dutch sprinters
Dutch Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Utrecht (province)