Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ascoli Piceno borders with the following comuniː to the north, Venarotta, Rotella, Castel di Lama and Castorano; to the east, Castignano, Appignano del Tronto and Colli del Tronto; to the south, Folignano, Maltignano and the comuni of the province of Teramo (Abruzzo) of Ancarano, Sant'Egidio alla Vibrata, Civitella del Tronto and Valle Castellana; and to west with Acquasanta Terme, Roccafluvione and Venarotta.

Some mountains close to comune are Monte Ascensione, Montagna dei Fiori and Monte Vettore.
Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Ascoli Picenoː Bivio Giustimana, Campolungo, Caprignano, Carpineto, Casalena, Casamurana, Case Schiavi, Castel Trosino, Cavignano, Cervara, Colle, Colle San Marco, Colloto, Colonna, Colonnata, Coperso, Faiano, Fonte di Campo, Funti, Giustimana, Il Palazzo, Lago, Lisciano, Lisciano di Colloto, Montadamo, Monte di Rosara, Morignano, Mozzano, Oleificio Panichi, Palombare, Pedana, Piagge, Pianaccerro, Polesio, Ponte Pedana, Porchiano, Rosara, San Gaetano, San Pietro, Santa Maria a Corte, Talvacchia, Taverna di mezzo, Trivigliano-Villa Pagani, Tozzano, Tronzano, Valle Cupa, Valle Fiorana, Valle Senzana, Valli, Vena piccola, Venagrande, Villa Sant'Antonio.
History
Ascoli was founded by an Italic population (Piceni) several centuries before the building by Rome of the important Via Salaria, the salt road that connected Latium with the salt production areas on the Adriatic coast. In 268 BC it became a civitas foederata, a "federated" city with nominal independence from Rome.

In 91 BC, together with other cities in central Italy, it revolted against Rome, but in 89 BC was reconquered and destroyed by Pompeius Strabo. Its inhabitants got Roman citizenship, following the developments and the eventual fall of the Roman Empire.

Population
There are 49,203 persons living in the comune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

The people from this comune are known, in Italian, as ascolani.
Twinned towns
Ascoli Piceno is twinned with:
 Trier, Germany, since 1958
 Massy, France, since 1997
 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, since 1998
 Chattanooga, United States, since 2006
 Bayonne, France, since 2008
 Norcia, Italy, since 2010
 Amatrice, Italy, since 2010
 Veles, Republic of Macedonia, since 2011
 Civitella del Tronto, Italy

Gallery

References

Other websites

Ascoli Piceno official website  

Cities in Marche
Capital cities in Italy
Province of Ascoli Piceno
Franz Anton Beckenbauer (, ; born 11 September 1945) is a  German former professional  footballer and manager. Franz was often called Der Kaiser ("The Emperor"). He is widely regarded to be one of the greatest players in the history of football. Franz is often credited for inventing the role of the modern sweeper (libero).

Career statistics

Club

International statistics

National team statistics

International goals
Scores and results table. Germany's goal tally first:

Managing statistics

Honours

Player
Bayern Munich
Regionalliga Süd: 1964–65
Bundesliga: 1968–69, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74
DFB-Pokal: 1965–66, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1970–71
European Cup: 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76
European Cup Winners' Cup: 1966–67
Intercontinental Cup: 1976

Hamburger SV
Bundesliga: 1981–82

New York Cosmos
North American Soccer League: 1977, 1978, 1980

West Germany
FIFA World Cup: 1974
UEFA European Championship: 1972

Manager
West Germany
FIFA World Cup: 1990

Marseille
Ligue 1: 1990–91
Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: 1993–94
UEFA Cup: 1995–96
Individual
Player
Ballon d'Or: 1972, 1976
Footballer of the Year (Germany): 1966, 1968, 1974, 1976
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77
FIFA World Cup Best Young Player Award: 1966
FIFA World Cup Bronze Boot: 1966
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1966, 1970, 1974
FIFA XI: 1968
FIFA World Cup Silver Ball: 1974
NASL Most Valuable Player Award: 1977
FIFA Order of Merit: 1984
FIFA World Cup All-Time Team: 1994
UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament: 1972, 1976
World Team of the 20th Century: 1998
FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2002
FIFA Centennial Player and Football Personality Award: 2004
FIFA 100: 2004
Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award: 2007
IFFHS Universal Genius of World Football: 2007
Golden Foot: 2010, as football legend
Marca Leyenda: 2012
FIFA Presidential Award: 2012
UEFA President's Award: 2012
World Soccer Greatest XI of all time: 2013
UEFA Euro All-time XI: 2016
UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll (2004): second place
World Soccer (magazine) The greatest players of 20th century: fourth place
IFFHS Best European Player 1956–1990
IFFHS World Player of the Century: third place 
IFFHS European Player of the Century: second place
IFFHS Legends
Bayern Munich All-time XI
Member of Germany's Sports Hall of Fame
 Ballon d'Or Dream Team: 2020
 IFFHS All-time Men's Dream Team: 2021
Manager
European Coach of the Year—Sepp Herberger Award: 1990
World Soccer Awards Manager of the Year: 1990
World Soccer 29th Greatest Manager of All Time: 2013

Civil
 Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany: 1976
 Bavarian Order of Merit: 1982
 Cross of Merit 1st Class of the Federal Republic of Germany: 1986
Honorary Golden Coin of the City of Munich: 1995
Honorary Doctor of the National Sports Academy: 2004
 Commanders' Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany: 2006
 Lower Saxon Merit 1st Class: 2008
 Order of Merit of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: 2009
Honorary consul of the Republic of Kosovo: 2011

References

Bibliography
Bibliography

Literature 
 Beckenbauer, Franz, Cramer, Dettmar: Nicht nur ein Spiel!. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2006, .
 Körner, Torsten: Franz Beckenbauer – der freie Mann. Scherz, Frankfurt 2005, .
 Kratzert, Armin: Beckenbauer taucht nicht auf. Roman. Kirchheim Verlag, München 2012, 
 Kummermehr, Petra (Hrsg.): Das Buch Franz. Botschaften eines Kaisers. Diederichs, München 2011, .

Other websites

 Franz Beckenbauer Foundation 
 Facts on Beckenbauer 
 
 Portrait of Franz Beckenbauer

!colspan="3" style="background:#C1D8FF;"| World Cup-winners status
|-
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|  style="width:36%; text-align:center;"| Player and Manager1974, '90
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1945 births
Living people
1966 FIFA World Cup players
1970 FIFA World Cup players
1974 FIFA World Cup players
German football managers
German footballers
Bundesliga managers
FC Bayern München players
Ballon d'Or winners
Sportspeople from Munich
West Germany at the 1966 FIFA World Cup
West Germany at the 1970 FIFA World Cup
West Germany at UEFA Euro 1972
West Germany at the 1974 FIFA World Cup
West Germany at UEFA Euro 1976
West Germany at the 1978 FIFA World Cup
West Germany at the 1986 FIFA World Cup
West Germany at UEFA Euro 1988
West Germany at the 1990 FIFA World Cup
The groundhog (also known as the chuck, wood-shock, groundpig, whistlepig, whistler, thickwood badger, Canada marmot, monax, moonack, weenusk, red monk, or siffleux) is a rodent. It belongs to the group of ground squirrels. Those squirrels are also known as marmots. The animal may also be called woodchuck, or whistlepig. Groundhogs dig tunnels and live underground. Groundhog holes, called burrows, are easy to recognize; they are holes, about 9.in (inches) (23 cm (centimeters)) wide which usually have large piles of dirt and rocks at the entrance. Every single hole, may have tunnels which lead to as many as ten other holes, the tunnels are very large and can have chambers, like rooms, in them. Groundhogs can make their homes under trees, around buildings and in open fields.

Problems 

Some problems with groundhogs are that they eat crops and dig around the foundations of buildings. When groundhogs dig around buildings this can cause damage if the holes go too far under the building.

In Culture
In Culture 

In the United States, there is a holiday called Groundhog Day. It is celebrated on February 2 of every year.

References 

Squirrels
Mammals of North America
Rodents
Squirrels are a large family of small to medium rodents. It includes tree squirrels, which are described on this page.

The other squirrels are: ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including groundhogs), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. 

Squirrels are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and have been introduced to Australia. The earliest known squirrels date from the Eocene and are most closely related to the mountain beaver and to the dormouse among living rodent families.

Most squirrels are omnivores; they eat anything they find.  Many kinds of squirrels live in trees, so they often find nuts. They eat seeds, berries, and pine cones too. Sometimes they eat bird's eggs and insects. Most tree squirrels store food in the fall, to eat in the winter. Ground squirrels do not store food. They hibernate which means they spend winter in a deep sleep.
Squirrels have many predators or enemies. Their predators are foxes, wolves, coyotes, bears, raccoons, lynxes, cougars, weasels, cats, dogs, badgers, snakes, and birds of prey.

Tree squirrels 
The most common European squirrels are red or brown in color, while common American squirrels are grey or black. Grey squirrels have been introduced from America into Europe (most notably, Great Britain). 

The greys carry a virus to which they are immune, but which is deadly to red squirrels. They have taken over most of the red squirrels' territory in deciduous forest. This has greatly reduced the red squirrel's population. Red squirrels still enjoy dominance in the pine forests of northern Britain, but they are now rare in southern areas.

The grey squirrel is regarded as vermin. It is illegal to release any into the wild, and any caught have to be humanely killed.
Life cycle 
Squirrels breed in February and March in winter, and in June and July in summer. Females may become pregnant up to twice a year. Usually four to six young are born, after a gestation period (pregnancy) of around thirty-nine days. Only the mother looks after the young, which are born completely helpless. Young squirrels are deaf and blind during the first few weeks of their life. 

Most squirrels die in the first year of life. Adult squirrels can have a lifespan of five to ten years in the wild. Some can survive 10 to 20 years in captivity.

As pets 
Squirrels are considered exotic pets and are legal in only some parts of the world. Areas where they can be kept as pets include Canada and parts of Australia (in New South Wales only) and the United States (in 21 states). They are considered wild animals in most European countries and pests or potential pests in many countries, such as New Zealand and most of Australia.

Summary table

Related pages 
 Flying squirrel

References
Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal, until its birth. Mammals can have more than one embryo or fetus at the same time.

The time between fertilization of an ovum and the birth of the young is called the gestation period. Humans have a gestation period of around 37 weeks or about 9 months and 1 week. Syrian hamsters have a gestation period of 16 days. That is believed to be the shortest gestation period for a mammal. The time the gestation period takes depends on the size of the animal, smaller ones have short lengths and bigger ones have the opposite.

Biological reproduction
Shrews are small mammals which look rather like mice. They were classified in the old Insectivora, but that is no longer used. Now they are classified in the family Soricidae, suborder Soricomorpha.

True shrews are not to be confused with West Indies shrews, treeshrews, otter shrews, or elephant shrews, which belong to different families or orders.

Although its external appearance is generally that of a long-nosed mouse, a shrew is not a rodent, as mice are. In fact it is related to moles. Shrews have sharp, spike-like teeth, not the familiar gnawing front incisor teeth of rodents.

Shrews are distributed almost worldwide. Of the major tropical and temperate land masses, only New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand do not have any native shrews. In South America, shrews are relatively recent immigrants and are present only in the northern Andes. In terms of species diversity, the shrew family is the fourth most successful mammal family.
Taxonomy 
The old order Insectivora was not a natural (monophyletic) group. New terms are used to classify its former groups. That explains the little-known terms in the taxobox.

Characteristics 
All shrews are small, most no larger than a mouse. The largest is the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus), which is about 15 cm long and weighs around 100 grams. Several are very small: the Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus), is about 3.5 cm and 2 grams. It is the smallest living terrestrial mammal and the smallest type of shrew.

In general, shrews live in and on the ground. They search for seeds, insects, nuts, and worms. Some climb trees, some live underground, some live under snow, and some hunt in water. They have small eyes, and generally poor vision, but have excellent senses of hearing and smell. They are very active animals, with big appetites. Shrews have an unusually high metabolic rate. Shrews usually eat 80–90% of their own body weight in food daily.
They do not hibernate, but can enter torpor. Shrews can lose between 30% and 50% of their body weight in winter, shrinking the size of bones, skull and internal organs.

Unlike rodents, which have gnawing incisors that grow continually, the teeth of shrews wear down throughout life, and they lose their milk teeth before birth. Therefore, they have only one set of teeth for their lifetime. Apart from the first pair of incisors, which are long and sharp, and the chewing molars at the back of the mouth, the teeth of shrews are small and peg-like, and may be reduced in number. The dental formula of shrews is: upper=3.1.1-3.3; lower=1-2.0-1.1.3.
Fiercely territorial 
Shrews are fiercely territorial. They drive off rivals, and come together only to mate. Many species dig burrows to store food and hide from predators, but this is not universal. Some of them echolocate by squeaking, some are venomous, some have teeth strengthened by iron on the tips, they make ultrasonic squeaks, and two genera echolocate by clicks.

They eat plenty and often. They are very active animals, with voracious appetites. Shrews have unusually high metabolic rates, above that expected in small mammals. For this reason, they need to eat almost constantly. Probably the aquatic nymphs of insects (for example, mosquito larvae) are on the menu even though many of these are themselves hungry eaters.

References 

Soricomorphs
Ground squirrels are marmots. These are small rodents, squirrels which live on and in the ground.

Most of them live in the mountains, like the Sierra Nevada, or the Alps. Marmots make holes in the ground. They live in burrows, underground. They hibernate, that is they sleep through the winter. Marmots are very social animals. They group together easily. They also like to communicate with each other, with whistles, especially when they sense danger.

They vary in size and habits. Most are able to rise up on their hind legs and stand fully erect comfortably for long periods. This way they watch for predators. They tend to live together more than other squirrels, and many live in colonies with complex social structures. Most Marmotini are rather short-tailed and large squirrels. The Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) is the largest living member of the Sciuridae, at 53–73 cm in length and weighing 5–8 kg.
Many historians suggest that marmots, rather than rats, were the carriers of bubonic plague epidemics in the Middle Ages.

Related pages 
Chipmonk
Groundhog
Prairie dog

Other websites 

Squirrels
The  'Human Be-In'  was an event during the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967. It was held in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. The Human Be-In caused the Summer of Love, which introduced hippie life and the word psychedelic to everyday Americans, and made the Haight-Ashbury area of San Francisco famous because it was the center of an American counterculture.

The hippie movement had two main sources. One source was college students who were not happy about the way the country was headed. They did not like the way African Americans were being treated in the South or the way young men were being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War. The other source of the hippie movement was the 'Beat Generation' (poets and jazz hipsters).
The Human Be-In was announced on the cover of the first issue of the San Francisco Oracle as "A Gathering of the Tribes for a Human Be-In". Speakers at the rally included Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (soon to be more widely known as 'Ram Dass'), and poets like Allen Ginsberg, who chanted mantras, and Gary Snyder. Leary set the tone that afternoon with his famous phrase "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out". Other counterculture leaders who were there included comedian Dick Gregory, Lenore Kandel, and Jerry Rubin. The Hells Angels, at the peak of their 'outlaw' reputation, looked after lost children. Local rock bands such as Grateful Dead and Quicksilver Messenger Service provided the music, and Owsley "Bear" Stanley provided massive amounts of his "White Lightning" LSD to the gathered masses.

Soon every gathering was being called an '-In' of some kind. Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, a television comedy series, began to appear on NBC just a year later, January 22, 1968.
During 1967, more and more young people from around the country began traveling to San Francisco. By the summer there were between 100,000 and 200,000 there taking part in the "Summer of Love".

Other websites 
 Neville Powis, 'The Human Be-In and the hippy revolution." 
 Capsule description.
 Allen Cohen's website, with history from an insider. 
 Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s 'Rockument' commentary and sound bites.

1967 in California
Popular culture
20th century in San Francisco
Suva is the capital city of Fiji. It is on the southeast coast of the island of Viti Levu. Suva became the capital of Fiji in 1877. It was changed from the settlement of Kaivalagi on the island of Ovalau because that settlement had no space left to grow. Kaivalangi had been established by the Europeans. In 1996, 77,366 people lived in Suva. Including independent suburbs, 167,975 people lived in the Greater Suva city area.

Other websites 
 Suva City Council (official website)

National capitals in Oceania
Cities and towns in Fiji
Honiara is the capital city of Solomon Islands and of Guadalcanal Province. It has a population 84,520 (2017).

The town is on the island of Guadalcanal. It was built to replace the former capital of Tulagi at the end of World War II. Honiara became the capital of the Solomon Islands in 1952. The town is on the Kukum Highway, which connects Henderson field in the east of Honiara with the White River in the west, and passes the hospital Nambanaen and the burned down Chinatown. Honiara has a dock from which ships depart to other provinces. The gardens of the National Art Gallery are popular for afternoon strolls. 

National capitals in Oceania
Geography of the Solomon Islands
Port Vila is the capital city of Vanuatu. Located on the south coast of the island of Efate, it has the country's most important dock and airport, Bauerfield International, making it the nation's economic and commercial center. As of the 2020 census, the population as 49,034.

During World War II, Port Vila was an American and Australian airbase. In 1987 and 2015, tropical cyclones badly damaged the city.

References 

National capitals in Oceania
Geography of Vanuatu
History 
Tainan is famous with its 300-year history and buildings with old designs. Before the year of 1700, there were only the earliest people living there. But everything changed after the Dutch got to Tainan and made Fort Zeelandia (also called Anping Fort) in Anping. Then in 1661, the Dutch were kicked out by Koxinga, who followed the ideas of the Ming Dynasty, and his army. He ended 38 years of Dutch rule in Taiwan.

Twenty-two years later, the chief town of Taiwan moved to Tainan and Taiwan became a part of China under the Qing Dynasty’s rule. But the Qing Dynasty didn't care much about Tainan. Afterwards, Japan took over Taiwan and built "the Office of the Governor-General" in Taipei. From then on, Taipei became more important than Tainan. After World War II, Taiwan is no longer under Japanese people's rule. Even though Tainan is not the chief town of Taiwan anymore, Tainan is still called ”Taiwan's cultural capital” because of its long history in Taiwan.
Districts 
Tainan City once had six districts: Anping, Annan, East, West Central, South, and North districts. Annan district was originally the An-Shun township of Tainan County, and was added into Tainan City in 1946. On December 25, 2010, it got merged with Tainan county, and upgraded into a special municipality. Its name remains Tainan City. Now the great Tainan City has 31 districts, and the central government want those districts incorporated into 10 to 12 districts in the future. But people in every township are not very positive about this. Because people are afraid that their budget would be downsized while every administrative area become much larger. For the central and local city government, there is a long way to go.

Landmarks 

Tainan has a lot of popular scenic spots, such as:
 Sicau Green Tunnel
 Anping Treehouse
 Chimei Museum
 Black-faced Spoonbill Reserve
 Cigu Salt Mountains
 Chihkan Tower
 Koxinga Shrine
 Tainan Confucius Temple
Twin towns and sister cities 
Tainan has 28 twin towns and sister cities worldwide. Tainan signed the agreements with 9 cities in the US between 1965 and 1991. They are:
 Monterey, California (1965)
 San Jose, California (1977)
 Kansas City, Missouri (1987)
 Columbus, Ohio (1980)
 Orlando, Florida (1982)
 Fairbanks, Alaska (1983)
 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (1986)
 Huntsville, Alabama (1986)
 Carbondale, Illinois (1991)

Related pages 
 List of counties of Republic of China

References

Other websites 

 International students @ Tainan English city-guide 

Cities in Taiwan
Chiayi City (; Taiwanese: Ka-gī chhī) is a provincial city of southwestern Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. Formerly called Kagi during the Japanese era, its historical name in Chinese (諸羅山) is borrowed from the Taiwanese aboriginal word Tirosen.

Districts
East District (東區)
West District (西區)

Related pages

List of counties of Republic of China

Cities in Taiwan
An example (Latin exemplum, the shorthand e.g. stands for exempli gratia, which means for example) is a short story, or an anecdote. This story is told to illustrate something else, like an idea or a concept.

In the Middle Ages, preachers and priests used examples in their sermons. They did this to explain things from the bible. They also did this to explain to all those people (that were incapable of reading) how they should lead their lives, as a good person.

Examples help illustrate a point. 

The phrase "make an example" is sometimes used, when a person is harshly punished for others to see. This is done to keep other people (especially the person's peers) from doing the same thing that got that person into trouble.

Basic English 850 words
Hsinchu City (Chinese:新竹; POJ: Sin-tek) is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed "The Windy City" (Fengcheng 風城) for its windy climate.

The city is surrounded by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west. 
Hsinchu City is made up of three districts:  North District, East District, and Siangshan District.

Economy
The city is the base of high tech industry in Taiwan. Built in 1980, Hsinchu Science Park is home of 360 high tech companies including TSMC, Philips and United Microelectronics Corporation. As the result, the city has the highest income level.

Related pages
List of counties of Republic of China

Other websites

Cities in Taiwan
Kangaroo rats are small rodents from North and Central America. They got their name because they look like small kangaroos when standing upright. But they are not related to kangaroos, except that they are mammals. The genus of the kangaroo rats is called Dipodomys.

Currently, there are 22 species in that genus. They vary in size from 10cm to 20cm, and they weigh between 35 and 180 grams for adult animals.

Kangaroo rats live in dry climates. They can live in deserts also, like the Thar Desert. This means that they have developed traits from other species that live in such climates, but are not related to them. Some of those species are the jerboas, which can be found in the deserts of Africa and Asia, and the hopping mice of the Australian Outback.
All of those species have highly developed hind legs. They also live in deep burrows that protect them from the worst heat of the day. Water may be difficult to find in such climates. Therefore, they only rarely need to drink water. Instead, they have a very efficient metabolism. Their kidneys are much more efficient than human kidneys. They can also chemically split off water from the food they eat. 

Kangaroo mice are found in areas of the United States and Mexico, where there is some grass or vegetation left, but which have a rather dry climate.  Scientists call those areas arid and semi-arid. The animals live on seeds, leaves, nuts and other fruit they can find. They also catch insects. They are also known for stockpiling (keeping) some food in their burrows, for bad times. 

Usually, the animals have a color that blends in nicely with the sandy surroundings. Most often they are a tone of dark yellow to deep brown.

They are nocturnal which means that they are active during the night.

Other websites
Other websites

Geomyoid rodents
Mammals of North America
Related pages 
 Torpor
 Dormancy
 Aestivation

Physiology
The pack rat, also known as the wood rat or trade rat, is a rodent of one of several species in the genus Neotoma. Very often, people mean the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea). Packrats are common in the deserts and highlands of the western United States and northern Mexico. They are smaller than a usual (Old World) rat, and usually have long, sometimes bushy tails. They are also not related to the rat, other than also being a rodent. 

Rodents
Mammals of North America
Mohamed ElBaradei (born June 17, 1942) is an Egyptian scientist, administrator, politician, diplomat and 2005 recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace.

Early life
ElBaradei was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt. He has a doctorate in International law.

Career
ElBaradei is best known as the former Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (1997-2009). The IAEA is an inter-governmental organization related to the United Nations. It is based in Vienna and tries to bring about the peaceful use of nuclear energy. ElBaradei and the IAEA were both awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. They won the prize for their efforts in Iraq, finding that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.

Related pages 
 List of Nobel Prize winners by country

Notes

References

Other websites 

1942 births
Living people
Diplomats
Egyptian Muslims
Vice-presidents of Egypt
New York University alumni
Politicians from Cairo
Egyptian Nobel Prize winners
Cairo University alumni‏
A bandicoot is a kind of marsupial. There are about 20 species of bandicoots. 

Bandicoots are omnivores. They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders. They live in parts of Australia. They are nocturnal. Bandicoots are endangered species. For protection against foxes and wild cats, they retreat to their burrows for safety.

There are different species of bandicoot including:
 Long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta
 Bilby, also known as the rabbit-eared bandicoot

Marsupials of Australia
The lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) is a rodent. It lives in south Asia. It can grow up to 40cm long. It is a rat, but is not in the genus Rattus. They may be a pest to cereal crops, and gardens in India and Sri Lanka. When attacking the rat grunts like a pig. Their fur is dark brown on the back and usually lighter or darker grey on the belly-side (ventrally). The length of their body is about 25cm, and the tail is shorter than the body.

Location 
Sometimes, the rats live in empty houses in villages. When they feel threatened, they are very aggressive. Many see them as a threat to infants (babies). Packs of lesser bandicoot rats have been known to attack and devour infants left alone.

Misunderstandings 
Despite its name, the rat is not related to the bandicoot, which is a marsupial.

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature says there are large numbers of lesser bandicoot rats found over a wide area. They have listed them as being of Least Concern for survival.

References
References

Old World rats and mice
Mammals of Asia
For other uses, see Roquefort (disambiguation)

Roquefort cheese  is a kind of blue cheese. It comes from the south of France. It is made from sheep's milk. French laws about AOC say that only cheese from the region of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon (close to Millau) may be called Roquefort cheese.

Overview 
The cheese breaks into little pieces easily. It is a little moist. Blue mould is added to Roquefort cheese. This gives it a particular taste. Roquefort is made in big wheels. They weigh around 2.5 kilograms. They are about 10 cm thick. Roquefort needs to ripen for around 5 months. It is best eaten April to October, but of course it is available all year round. 

In the year 2003, there were seven Roquefort producers. The largest by far is Roquefort Société. Roquefort Papillon is also a well-known brand. The five other producers are Carles, Gabriel Coulet, Fromageries occitanes, Vernières and Le Vieux Berger.

Other websites 
 http://www.roquefort.fr/

French cheeses
As of 2022, almost all desktop computers have a SATA interface. PATA is very rare nowadays, but some old computers still use it. Computers that still use PATA are mostly used for industrial applications and embedded systems. Some computers (mostly laptops) do not have a SATA interface. They have an M.2 NVME interface to connect NVME SSDs which are based on the PCIE standard. Some laptops also have an embedded flash memory. SATA will most likely disappear from laptops (and some computers) in the future and be replaced with M.2 NVME SSDs.

Technology and transfer speeds 

Electric signals transmitted on a parallel bus made of several wires will influence each other, if the transfer speed is increased. This phenomenon is known as crosstalk. Another problem with PATA is that the termination of the bus is not specified. Serial ATA uses low-voltage differential signaling, which avoids most of these problems.
Serial ATA uses 8B/10B encoding. This means that 10 bits are used to transfer 8 bits. The first standard of SATA used 1.5 GBit/second transfer speed (or 1.2 GBit/second usable data rate). This is only slightly faster than the last PATA standard (ATA/133). Later standards doubled this rate, at almost every revision. These values are transfer speeds, because of signalling, the usable speed is 25% lower.

Other benefits are that SATA cables are much easier to handle than PATA cables. Some SATA drives can also be connected and disconnected while the computer is running. This is called hot swapping. Finally, some drives support a technology called "Native Command Queueing". This means that the drive can rearrange the order of what it's told to do so that it gets done faster.
From the first version, SATA has been fast enough for hard drives. The data needs to be read from a number of locations on the drive. Between the locations, the electronic device used for reading and writing has to be repositioned. Even with current drives, this does not happen fast enough so that the 1.2 Gbit/s poses a problem.

Revisions 
As of 2016, there are five different revisions of the SATA standard.

SATA Express 
SATA Express is a version of the SATA standard that uses the same protocol as PCI Express. Current solid state drives (SSDs) are able to saturate SATA III, specified at 6 Gbit/s. For this reason SATA Express has been introduced.
Compatibility 
Diffferent versions of the Serial ATA standard are compatible with each other. This means that older devices can be operated on a newer controller, but they will only support the features and speed of the standard for which they were built. Similarly, devices built for a newer standard can be operated on an older controller. In this case, the controller is the limiting factor, and some of the newer functions may not be supported. An SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) controller is compatible with SATA drives, but a SATA controller is not compatible with SAS drives.

At the level of the operating system, SATA and PATA devices can be made to look the same. At the physical level, they are incompatible however.

Connectors
Connectors 

To be usable, the devices using SATA need to be connected to the motherboard. This is probably the most visible difference between SATA and PATA. SATA drives have two different connectors, One connection is for transmitting the data and the other connection is for transmitting power. In some cases, both have been combined into one cable, to connect external drives. The normal case though is that two different connectors are used. Some connectors can be locked in place.

Power connector

Standard connector 

PATA specified that power is transmitted using a 4 pin Molex connector. With SATA, this connector. The 4 pin Molex connector has also been used to power floppy drives. SATA changed this connector. With SATA, the power connector and the data connector look similar, but the power connector is wider than the data connector. The standard power connector has 15 pins. It is used for standard 3.5 inch and 2.5 inch drives.
Slimline and micro connector 
Smaller form factors can also use a smaller power connector, It has six pins and a coding notch. For smaller drives, there is a connector with 8 pins. A coding notch makes sure that the power connector cannot be connected to the plug which transfers the data.

Data connector 
As with the power connector, there are different versions of the data connector, for different applications. The standard connector has 7 pins, and is used for 3.5" and 2.5" drives. The most common other form factors are mSATA, and M.2 (or NGFF).
eSATA and eSATAp 
eSATA is a version of SATA which is used to connect external drives. Its plugs are more robust, and its cables are more rugged. In this market, SATA competes with other standards, such as USB or Firewire. Many external drives are standard SATA drives in an external case. To be able to communicate over USB or Firewire, an extra electronic board is needed. This board translates between SATA and the external interface. When eSATA is used, no translation is necessary. Using USB or Firewire may have other benefits though.

There also is a version of eSATA called eSATAp. It combines the pins of the USB, those of SATA, and those of the power connector. This makes it possible to directly connect SATA or USB drives externally, with only one cable. In addition to the data, power is also transmitted over this cable, so no extra power connection is necessary.

Storage devices
Computer buses
Legnica () is a city in Poland. The river Katzbach runs through Legnica. There live over 100,000 people. The city is in west part of Poland (near Germany and Czech border). Legnica is near a bigger city, Wrocław.

Legnica is in the middle of Silesia. The area used to be part of Prussia, and Legnica was the capital of one of the three Silesian government areas (Regierungsbezirk).

History

Silesia, a Prussian Province, was divided in 3 administrative regions (Regierungsbezirk): Liegnitz, Breslau and Oppeln.

The Regierungsbezirk Liegnitz comprised the following districts:

Urban districts ()
Glogau
Görlitz
Hirschberg
Liegnitz

Rural districts ()
Bunzlau
Fraustadt
Freystadt
Glogau
Görlitz
Goldberg
Grünberg
Hirschberg
Hoyerswerda
Jauer
Landeshut
Lauban
Liegnitz
Löwenberg
Lüben
Rothenburg
Sprottau

Education

National Colleges 
 Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Legnicy
 Politechnika Wrocławska (affiliate in Legnica)
 Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych w Legnicy
Not national Colleges 
 Wyższa Szkoła Medyczna w Legnicy
 Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Legnicy
 Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania/ The Polish Open University
 Papieski Wydział Teologiczny we Wrocławiu
 Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Legnickiej

Secondary schools 

 I Liceum Ogólnokształcące 
 II Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 III Liceum Ogólnokształcące 
 IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 V Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 VI Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 VII Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 Akademickie Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 Katolickie Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 Liceum Ogólnokształcące w Zespole Szkół Integracyjnych im. Piastów Śląskich
 Zespół Szkół Budowlanych
 Zespół Szkół Ekonomicznych
 Zespół Szkół Elektryczno-Mechanicznych
 Zespół Szkół Medycznych
 Zespół Szkół Przemysłu Spożywczego
 Zespół Szkół Rolniczych im. Wincentego Witosa
 Zespół Szkół Samochodowych
 Zespół Szkół Technicznych i Ogólnokształcących im. H. Pobożnego
 Zespół Szkół Włókienniczych
Junior highs 
 Gimnazjum nr 1
 Gimnazjum nr 2
 Gimnazjum nr 3
 Gimnazjum nr 4
 Gimnazjum nr 5
 Gimnazjum nr 6
 Gimnazjum nr 7
 Gimnazjum nr 8
 Gimnazjum nr 9
 Gimnazjum nr 10
 Gimnazjum nr 11
 Gimnazjum nr 12
 Gimnazjum nr 13
 Gimnazjum nr 14
 Gimnazjum im. św. Franciszka z Asyżu
 Gimnazjum Ośrodka Szkolno-Wychowawczego
 Prywatne Gimnazjum
 Gimnazjum TWP (at I Liceum Ogólnokształce)

Primary schools 
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 1
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 2
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 4
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 6
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 7
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 9
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 10
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 12 (belongs to borstal)
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 13 (at welfare aid)
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 16
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 18
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 19;
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 20
 Szkoła Podstawowa Ośrodka Szkolno-Wychowawczego
 Szkoła Podstawowa (private school)

Cities in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, usually called Cruzeiro EC or  Cruzeiro, is a Brazilian football team from the city Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The team was founded on January 2, 1921. They are usually called the raposa, which means fox in Brazil. They are also called the celeste which means celestial because their logo and name refer to a constellation. Currently the team disputes the second division of the Brazilian championship.

Name
 1921–1941 S.E. Palestra Itália
 1942–present Cruzeiro E.C.

League title 
 Copa Libertadores 2
(1976, 1997)
  Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 3
(1966, 2003, 2013, 2014)

References

Related pages
 List of Brazilian football teams

Brazilian football clubs
Belo Horizonte
1921 establishments in Brazil
The flag of Estonia has three colours and is made of three equal horizontal bands coloured blue (top), black, and white (bottom). Blue mirrors the sky, black the colour of the soil and national coat, and white the peoples' happiness and light. In Estonian language it is called the "sinimustvalge" (literally "blue-black-white"), after the colours of the bands. The flag was designed in the 1880s and adopted when Estonia became independent in 1918.

National symbols of Estonia
Estonia
The coat of arms of Estonia is a golden shield which includes three slim, blue leopards (or lions passant guardant) in the middle, with oak branches along the side of the shield.

The coat of arms of Estonia has existed long before they were official recognized after the War of Independence between 1918 and 1920, when the Republic of Estonia was internationally recognized.

The symbol has been in use since the 13th century, where  the big coat of arms was used for the capital city, Tallinn. The origin of the slim blue lions can be traced back to the King of Denmark at the time, Valdemar the Second. As Denmark was the ruling power of Northern Estonia at the time, it imposed the coat of arms upon the state.

Estonia
Lions in heraldry
National symbols of Estonia
Ichthyology is the scientific study of fish.
The term Ichthyology which is derieved from following two Greek word 'Ichthyus' means fish and 'logos' means knowledge.
It includes hagfish and lampreys (jawless fish), cartilagenous fish (such as sharks, skates and rays) (Chondrichthyes) and bony fishes (Osteichthyes). 

A person who studies fish is called an ichthyologist.

References 

Branches of zoology
Fish
Indre is a city in France at the Atlantic Ocean. It is the south eastern end of the Brittany.

Indre has about 3,643 inhabitants.

St.Hermeland's Church 

Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Indre can mean different things:
Indre (department), a department of France
Indre River, a river in France
 Indre, Loire-Atlantique, a city in France
Apatosaurus is a sauropod dinosaur which lived in the Upper Jurassic period. It is in the same family as Diplodocus. Brontosaurus was once thought a later name for Apatosaurus, but is now proved to be a separate genus.

Apatosaurus grew as big as 21 meters long, 4.5 meters tall at the hip, and weighed up to 23 metric tons. It ate plants. Its bones have been found in Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Utah.

When it was first found, scientists thought that Apatosaurus lived partly under water, since it could not hold its own weight on dry land. Now they think it lived on dry land, probably in herds.

The cervical vertebrae were less elongated and more solid than those of Diplodocus. The bones of the leg were much stockier (despite being longer), implying a more robust animal. The tail was held above the ground during normal locomotion. Like most sauropods, Apatosaurus had only a single large claw on each forelimb, with the first three toes on the hind limb possessing claws.
There are at least two species of Apatosaurus:
 A. ajax was discovered by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1877.
 A. louisae was discovered by William Holland in 1915.
 Another dinosaur species discovered in 1994 was at first named A. yahnahpin, but in 1998, it was renamed Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin.

Lifestyle 

It was believed throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries that sauropods like Apatosaurus were too massive to support their own weight on dry land. It was theorized that they lived partly submerged in water, perhaps in swamps. Recent findings do not support this. Sauropods are now thought to have been fully terrestrial animals. A study of diplodocid snouts showed that the square snout, large proportion of pits, and fine, subparallel scratches of the teeth of Apatosaurus suggests it was a ground-height, nonselective browser. It may have eaten ferns, cycads, seed ferns, horsetails, and algae.
Important issues like heat control, metabolic rate and respiration are still unclear. Some scientists state that the heart would have had trouble sustaining sufficient blood pressure to oxygenate the brain. Others suggest that the near-horizontal posture of the head and neck would have eliminated the problem of supplying blood to the brain because it would not have been elevated.

James Farlow calculates that an Apatosaurus-sized dinosaur about  would have had  of fermentation contents (food being digested). "The heat of fermentation may have been a significant source of thermoregulatory heat for these reptiles".

References 

Diplodocids
The Hanseatic League (German: die Hanse, Dutch: de Hanze, Estonian: hansa, Latvian: Hanza Polish: Hanza, Swedish: Hansan) was an alliance of trading guilds. These guilds established and maintained a trade monopoly over the Baltic Sea and most of Northern Europe. This monopoly lasted for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Many cities were part of it.

Cities that are still called Hansestadt 
The following cities were part of the Hanse. They carry the word Hansestadt (Hanseatic City) as part of their official city name:

Anklam
Bremen
Demmin
Greifswald
Hamburg
Lübeck
Lüneburg
Rostock
Stralsund
Wismar

 
1358 establishments
1350s establishments in Europe
Baltic Sea
Steve McClaren (born 3 May 1961) is a former English football player and manager.

References

1961 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
People from York
Eredivisie managers
Condom (), also called Condom-en-Armagnac or Condom-sur-Baïse, is a commune in southwestern France in the department of Gers, Occitanie region, of which it is a subprefecture.

Name of the city
The name Condom comes from the Gaulish (an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Europe) words condate-ó-magos which means "market of the confluence". Condatómagos later became Condatóm and then Conddóm. The spelling Condom first came from Latin in the 10th century as  or .

The name of the town has nothing to do with the condom, which in French is called . There used to be a museum of condoms in Condom, but it closed in 2005.

History
After the colonization of the area by the Romans, the Abbey of Saint Pierre was built in 1011. During the Hundred Years' War, the city was taken twice by the English. The Saint Pierre Cathedral was begun in 1507.
Way of St. James
Condom is a town on the Via Podiensis (the Le Puy Route), one of the three major French pilgrimage routes of the Way of St. James. This particular route begins in Le Puy and ends in Santiago de Compostela in northwest Spain. Pilgrims came to Condom from Miradoux and continue on to Larressingle.

Geography
Condom is a commune found along the Baïse river, between Armagnac and Agenais. Condom is the main town of the Condomès or Ténarèze region.

The commune has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Condom is surrounded by the communes:
 Gers department: Gazaupouy, Castelnau-sur-l'Auvignon, Caussens, Béraut, Maignaut-Tauzia, Cassaigne, Larressingle and Larroque-sur-l'Osse,
 Lot-et-Garonne department: Lannes et Moncrabeau.

Climate
The climate of Condom, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Condom are known, in French, as Condomois (women: Condomoises).
With a population of 6,835 (2014), Condom has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Condom

Economy
The commune of Condom depends mainly of the agriculture, the tourism and the trade.

Important agricultural products are Armagnac (an alcoholic beverage like a brandy), Floc de Gascogne (a regional apéritif) and foie gras.

Places of interest
Some of places of interest are:
 Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Condom (Saint Peter's Cathedral)
 The cloister of the Cathedral.
 Saint-Jacques church
 Musée de l'Armagnac, a museum of the Armagnac drink.

Gallery

Sister cities
Condom is twinned with:
  Grünberg, Hesse, Germany
  Toro, Castile and León, Spain

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Condom
 Communes of the Gers department

References

Other websites

 City Council website 
 Office de Tourisme - Condom/La Ténarèze 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Gers
For the original from Greek mythology, see Trojan Horse.

In computing, a Trojan horse (also written as trojan) is malicious software that misleads users of its true purpose. Sometimes a Trojan horse does exactly what it claims to do but it also does something else. This is because its real hidden purpose is to perform malicious actions in the background, such as allow a stranger to read and change the computer's information. In some cases the user notices, in other cases they do not. Although a Trojan horse can contain any type of harmful code, many modern forms act as a backdoor, which bypasses normal authentication or encryption in a computer.