Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Patrick Joseph Lucey (March 21, 1918 – May 10, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the 38th Governor of the US state of Wisconsin from 1971 to 1977. In 1977, he was appointed ambassador to Mexico by President Jimmy Carter. He was an independent vice-presidential candidate in 1980 with John Anderson.

Lucey was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, aged 96.

References

1918 births
2014 deaths
Governors of Wisconsin
Lieutenant Governors of Wisconsin
Ambassadors of the United States
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Marvin Mandel (April 19, 1920 – August 30, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 56th Governor of Maryland. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was governor from 1969 to 1979.

Mandel was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

References

Other websites

 Maryland Manual official state gubernatorial biography
 Law Firm: Mandel, Liff & Walsh, LLP 

1920 births
2015 deaths
Governors of Maryland
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from Baltimore
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
David Penrose Buckson (July 25, 1920 – January 18, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as Governor of Delaware. He served as governor from 1960 to 1961. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Buckson was born in Townsend, Delaware. He died at a retirement home in Milford, Delaware on January 18, 2017, aged 96.

References

Other websites
Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States 

1920 births
2017 deaths
Governors of Delaware
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Delaware
Disease-related deaths in Delaware
John Malcolm Patterson (September 27, 1921 – June 4, 2021) was an American politician. He was the 44th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama. He served as governor from 1959 to 1963. Patterson was a member of the Democratic Party. 

Patterson ran with the support of the Ku Klux Klan when he won the Governorship of Alabama in 1958.

Patterson was born in Goldville, Alabama. He died on June 4, 2021 in Goldville, aged 99.

References

1921 births
2021 deaths
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of World War II
Governors of Alabama
Majors in the United States Army
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Alabama
William Grawn Milliken (March 26, 1922 – October 18, 2019) was an American politician. He served as the 44th Governor of Michigan from January 22, 1969 to January 1, 1983. He was a member of the Republican Party. 

Milliken was born in Traverse City, Michigan. He died on October 18, 2019 in Traverse City at the age of 97.

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
Governors of Michigan
Lieutenant Governors of Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Traverse City, Michigan
Rose Perica Mofford (June 10, 1922 – September 15, 2016) was an American civil servant and politician. Mofford was the first female Secretary of State of Arizona serving from 1977 to 1988. She then became the first female Governor of Arizona serving from 1988 to 1991. Mofford was a member of the Democratic Party.

Mofford was born in Globe, Arizona. She died on September 15, 2016, from complications from a fall while under hospice care in Phoenix, aged 94.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2016 deaths
Governors of Arizona
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
American civil servants
Sarah Lynne Marshall (25 May 1933 – 18 January 2014) was an English actress. Her television credits include: The Twilight Zone, F Troop, Get Smart, and Star Trek and Daniel Boone. She was born in London, the daughter of actors Herbert Marshall and Edna Best.

Marshall died from cancer of unknown primary origin on 18 January 2014 in Los Angeles, California in the United States. She was 80 years old. She was outlived by her husband and son.

References

Other websites
 

2014 deaths
1933 births
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
Actors from London
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
English movie actors
English television actors
"True" is a 1983 pop ballad from British group Spandau Ballet. The song was released in April 1983. It was a worldwide hit. It hit #1 on many  charts. It hit #4 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart for one week.

There are several versions of this song. One lasts six and a half minutes.

1983 songs
1980s ballads
Soul ballads
Spandau Ballet songs
Blue-eyed soul songs
Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (, tr. Yevgeniy Maksimovich Primakov; 29 October 1929 – 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999.

Primakov was born to a partly Jewish family (his mother was Jewish) in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union now Ukraine.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2015 deaths
Government ministers
Jewish politicians
Politicians from Kyiv
Prime Ministers of Russia
Russian diplomats
Russian Jews
Russian Orthodox Christians
Soviet Jews
Soviet politicians
Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov () (2 November 18617 March 1925) was a Russian diplomat and politician. He was the first post-imperial Prime Minister of Russia. He served as Prime Minister from 15 March to 21 July 1917.

Lvov was born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Confederation.

Lvov resigned in July 1917 in favor of his Minister of Justice, Alexander Kerensky. Lvov was arrested when the Bolsheviks seized power later that year. He escaped and settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life.

Lvov died in Paris, aged 63.

Other websites

 Lvov Days and memorials 
 Aleksin Museum of Art and Regional Studies
 Publishers of Lvov's biographies
 Biography of Prince Lvov at www.praviteli.org 

1861 births
1925 deaths
Politicians from Saxony
Prime Ministers of Russia
Russian diplomats
Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (, 9 April 19383 November 2010) was a Russian politician. He was the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company. Chernomyrdin was the longest-serving Prime Minister of Russia serving from 1992 to 1998.

References

Other websites

1938 births
2010 deaths
Prime Ministers of Russia
Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (; born 15 September 1941) is a Russian politician and businessman. He served as the Prime Minister of Russia twice: from September 2007 to May 2008.

He was Vladimir Putin's First Deputy Prime Minister during the Presidency of Dmitri Medvedev.

Zubkov was born in Sverdlovsk Oblast.

Other websites

  Biography  by Vladimir Pribylovsky

1941 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Russia
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (; 19 March 1956 – 16 December 2009) was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician, and author. He was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992.

References

Other websites

 Yegor Gaidar's home page 
 Gaidar, acting Russian PM under Yeltsin, dies
 Yegor Gaidar – Daily Telegraph obituary

1956 births
2009 deaths
Prime Ministers of Russia
Politicians from Moscow
Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (; 30 March 1895 – 24 February 1975) was a famous Soviet politician. He served as Minister of Defence (1953–55) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955–58). He worked for Vladimir Lenin from 1917-1924 in the RSFSR,and the Soviet Union and later worked for Joseph Stalin from 1924-1953 and later Georgy Malenkov in 1953 and later Nikita Khrushchev from 1953-1960 . He died in 1975 when the Soviet Union was led by Leonid Brezhnev from 1964-1982 .

Other websites

1895 births
1975 deaths
Heads of government of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Marshals of the Soviet Union
People from Nizhny Novgorod
Dario Franchitti (born 19 May 1973) is a Scottish racing driver. He is best known for winning the IndyCar Series championship four times (in 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011). He won the Indianapolis 500 three times. He most recently drove for Chip Ganassi Racing. He won three of his four championships while driving for that team. Franchitti has also driven in NASCAR and sportscar races. In 2013, he retired from racing after he was hurt in a crash during a race.

Biography

Franchitti was born on 19 May 1973 in Bathgate, Scotland. He began racing as a young boy. In 1996, he ran in the DTM series for Mercedes-Benz. He moved to CART racing in 1997. He drove for Hogan Racing in 1997. Franchitti finished a strong second place in 1999. In 2000, he thought about moving to the Jaguar Formula One team, but stayed in IndyCar racing. At this time he was driving for Andretti Autosport.
In 2003, Franchitti moved to the Indy Racing League (now IndyCar). He had to miss much of the year after he was injured in a motorcycle accident. Dan Wheldon replaced Franchitti at a race in Japan.

2007 was Franchitti's most successful season so far. He won the Indianapolis 500 and the series title.

Franchitti spent 2008 in NASCAR with Chip Ganassi Racing. He had some strong results, but he had a difficult season and decided to return to IndyCar. (IndyCar had merged with ChampCar in 2008.) He drove for Ganassi's IndyCar team, where he replaced Wheldon.

The 2009 season was very successful for Franchitti. He won the title over his teammate Scott Dixon and Penske driver Ryan Briscoe after winning the final race in Miami.

In 2010, Franchitti had a long battle with Australian driver Will Power. Franchitti won his second straight title.

Franchitti won again in 2011 after another battle with Power. His longtime friend Dan Wheldon was killed in a massive crash at the last race of the season in Las Vegas.
Franchitti did not have as much success in 2012 or 2013. He did win the Indianapolis 500 in 2012. During the 2013 Houston Grand Prix, a crash happened when he was racing in a difficult part of the course. Franchitti and several fans were seriously injured. Franchitti retired from racing after this crash. He is still involved with racing. He will drive the pace car for the 2014 Indianapolis 500. His place at the Ganassi team was taken by Tony Kanaan.

Personal life

Franchitti married American actress Ashley Judd in December 2001. The couple broke up in 2013.

References

Scottish racecar drivers
1973 births
Living people
IndyCar Series drivers
Sportspeople from West Lothian
"Baby Don't Forget My Number" is a popular dance hit song by the music group Milli Vanilli. It was released in December 1988. It was the first of Milli Vanilli's three #1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 between 1988-1990.

The longest cut is eight minutes and 20 seconds.

1988 songs
Pop songs
Milli Vanilli songs
Jens Stoltenberg (; born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Norway from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2013. He is a member of the Labour Party. On 28 March 2014, he was appointed by NATO's North Atlantic Council as Secretary General of NATO and chairman of the North Atlantic Council, in succession to Anders Fogh Rasmussen. He has held the position since 1 October 2014.

Stoltenberg has been a  member of the Global Commission for the Economy and Climate.
Stoltenberg was born in Oslo, and is a member of the Stoltenberg political family. He is married to Ingrid Schulerud and they have two children together. He is an agnostic.

During the 2011 Norway attacks, the building where the prime minister's office then was - was bombed; Stoltenberg was then at the prime minister's residence (or the building which becomes the prime mininster's home, until he no longer is a prime minister).
Stoltenberg's father, Thorvald (1931–2018), was the Foreign Minister in the Brundtland government twice.

On February 4th, 2022 he was named as the incoming governor of Norges Bank. However, after a NATO summit in March 2022 concerning the war in Ukraine, Stoltenberg accepted a renewed term of one year to continue as NATO secretary-general and thereby resigned as incoming central bank governor. Acting Governor Ida Wolden Bache was instead given the term that Stoltenberg was meant to take on.

References

Other websites

 Jens Stoltenberg at the NATO website

1959 births
Living people
Agnostics
Secretaries General of NATO
Norwegian economists
Politicians from Oslo
Prime Ministers of Norway
University of Oslo alumni
Erna Solberg (; born 24 February 1961) is a Norwegian politician. She has been leader of the Conservative Party since 2004. She was the 35th Prime Minister of Norway from 2013 until 2021. Solberg lost her re-election in September 2021, after the Conservative party lost many seats in the election.

Solberg is (as of the middle of October 2023) the leader of the Conservative Party.

Controversy
In September 2023, media told about her husband having bought and sold stocks for at least Norwegian kroner 112 million, while she was a prime minister. The number of transactions, were more than three thousand; Media says that Erna Solberg had a conflict of interest, even if she did not know about every transaction. Økokrim, a government agency that prosecutes, has not (as of the beginning of October) decided if it is going to charge the husband for insider trading (or buying and selling stocks, as an insider).

Family
Solberg was born in Bergen. She has two children with her husband, Sindre Finnes.

References
References

Other websites

 

1961 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Norway
People from Bergen
Cuthbert Augustus "Bill" Pattillo (June 3, 1924 – February 20, 2014) was a Major General in the United States Air Force. He served in World War II and the Vietnam War. He worked as Director of Plans and Policy for the United States Readiness Command at MacDill Air Force Base. He was as a pioneer in jet aerobatic demonstration teams. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His twin brother was Charles C. Pattillo.

Pattillo died from natural causes on February 20, 2014 at his home in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He was 89 years old.

References

Other websites
 Cuthbert A. Pattillo biography at the United States Air Force website

1924 births
2014 deaths
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American military personnel of World War II
People from Atlanta
United States Air Force
Twin people from the United States
Military people from Georgia (U.S. state)
Aerobatic pilots
Francine Lalonde (August 24, 1940 – January 17, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She was a Bloc Québécois member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the districts of La Pointe-de-l'Île from 2004 election to 2011, and Mercier from the 1993 election to 2004. She was also a lecturer, teacher and unionist and campaigner for assisted suicide. She was born in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec.

Lalonde died from cancer on January 17, 2014 in Quebec. She was 73 years old.

References

Other websites
 Francine Lalonde  at the Parliament of Canada website 

1940 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Quebec
Politicians from Quebec
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Teachers
Mohamed Guessous (1938 – 7 February 2014) was a Moroccan academic, activist, educator and sociologist. He was also a politician in the Socialist Union of Popular Forces. He studied in Canada and at Princeton University in New Jersey, United States. He was born in Fes.

Death cause 
Guessous died after a long illness on 7 February 2014 in Rabat, aged 76. He was called "Father of Sociology in Morocco".

References 

1938 births
2014 deaths
Moroccan academics
Moroccan writers
Moroccan politicians
Sociologists
Prokash Karmakar (; 1933 – 24 February 2014) was a preeminent Indian artist and painter. His work is in the permanent collection of a number of museums and galleries all over India, including the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi. He was born in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Karmakar died from an illness on 24 February 2014. He was 81 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
2014 deaths
Indian painters
People from Kolkata
Jeffery Danny Dench (29 April 1928 – 25 March 2014) was an English actor. He is best known for his work with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was the older brother of actress Judi Dench. Dench was known for his role in First Knight.

Dench died on 27 March 2014, aged 85.

References

Other websites
Jeffery Dench at the Internet Movie Database

1928 births
2014 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
Actors from Manchester
Baruch Samuel "Barry" Blumberg (July 28, 1925 – April 5, 2011) was an American doctor of Jewish descent.

He is best known for the research he did on the Hepatitis B virus. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for "discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases". He shared the prize with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek.

He died on April 5, 2011 a short while after he gave the keynote speech at the International Lunar Research Park Exploratory Workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center.

References

1925 births
2011 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American military personnel of World War II
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Columbia University alumni
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish military people
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Brooklyn
American virologists
Educators from New York City
Karl Spillman Forester (May 2, 1940 – March 29, 2014) was an American judge. He was the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky. He served from July 27, 1988 until his death in March 29, 2014. He was nominated by President of the United States Ronald Reagan. 

Forester died in Lexington, Kentucky, aged 73.

References

1940 births
2014 deaths
American judges
People from Kentucky
Captain Jerry Roberts MBE (Raymond C. Roberts) (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British businessman and wartime codebreaker. During World War II, Roberts was worked as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park from 1941 to 1945. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on Tunny — Hitler's most top-level code. He was born in Wembley, Middlesex.

Robert died on 25 March 2014, aged 93.

References

Books by him
 
 

1920 births
2014 deaths
British people of World War II
English businesspeople
People from Middlesex
Spies
Paddy Cronin (c. 1925 – 15 March 2014) was an Irish fiddler. He was born in Ré Buí near Gneeveguilla, County Kerry. 

In the early 1970s, he went on to record an LP, "Music In The Glen", for the Fleetwood label, followed by "The House In The Glen" for Talcon. 

In 1975, Paddy released The Rakish Paddy LP with Fiddler Records of Seattle, and in 1977 released Kerry's Own Paddy Cronin with Outlet records of Belfast.

He died on 15 March 2014 in Dublin, Ireland, aged 88.

References

1925 births
2014 deaths
Irish musicians
Fiddlers
County Kerry
Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr. (October 30, 1895 – February 23, 1973) was an American physician and physiologist.

He is best known for the research he did on the development of cardiac catheterization as well as the characterization of a number of cardiac diseases.

Awards and recognition 
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system". He shared the prize with André Cournand and Werner Forssmann.

He died in Lakeville, Connecticut on February 23, 1973.

References 

1895 births
1973 deaths
American military personnel of World War I
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Columbia University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
American physiologists
Scientists from New Jersey
Yale University alumni
Educators from New Jersey
The Amoebozoa are a eukaryote phylum of Amoeba-like protozoa. They are a sister clade to the fungi and the animals.   Most move by  internal cytoplasmic flow. Their finger-like pseudopodia are characteristic.

They are a major group with about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists. In most classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum in either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the  classification of the International Society of Protistologists, it is kept as an unranked "supergroup" in the Eukaryota.

Sequence analysis shows Amoebozoa is a monophyletic clade. Most phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta. That is another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as some 300 species of unicellular protists. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes  grouped together in a high-level taxon, called Unikonta, Amorphea, or Opimoda.
Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid organisms, such as Chaos, Entamoeba, Pelomyxa and the genus Amoeba itself.

Most are unicellular, and are common in soils and aquatic habitats. Some are symbionts of other organisms, including several pathogens.The Amoebozoa also include the mycetozoan slime moulds, multinucleate or multicellular forms which produce spores and can usually be seen by eye.

Nutrition is usually by phagocytosis. The cell surrounds food particles, sealing them into vacuoles where they are digested and absorbed. When food is scarce, most species form cysts, which may be carried by air to other places. In slime moulds, these structures are called spores, and form on stalked structures called fruiting bodies or sporangia.

Most Amoebozoa lack flagella and more generally do not form microtubule-supported structures except during mitosis. However, flagella occur among some archamoebae, and many slime moulds produce biflagellate gametes.
A characteristic form is the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum.

References 

Protozoa
Phuntsok Wangyal Goranangpa or Bapa Phuntsok Wangyal (; January 1922 – 30 March 2014), better known as Phuntsog Wangyal and sometimes Phünwang, was a Tibetan politician. He was a communist and is best known for having founded the Tibetan Communist Party. For his activities, he was arrested by Chinese authorities and was jailed for eighteen years at the Qincheng Prison. He was born in Batang, in the province of Kham, eastern Tibet.

Wangyal died from lung failure on 30 March 2014 at a hospital in Beijing, China. He was 91 years old.

Related pages
List of Chinese writers

References

Other websites

 Phuntsok Wangyal at Famous Birthdays

1922 births
2014 deaths
Chinese communists
Chinese writers
Tibetan rights activists
Cheste (Valencian: Xest) is a city in Spain. It is in the Valencian Community. It is  west of Valencia and about  east of Madrid. It covers . In 2008, 8,127 people lived there according to the National Institute of Statistics census.

Demography

Economy 
Cheste's main industry is agriculture, specifically the vineyards. Cheste is also known for the MotoGP's Circuit Ricardo Tormo, built in 1999.

References

Other websites

 Cheste's city hall website 

Cities in the Valencian Community
Municipalities in the Valencian Community
Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen ForMemRS (6 April 1911 – 6 August 1979) was a German biochemist. 

He is best known for his discoveries with the mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism". He shared the prize with Konrad Bloch.

He died in Munich, Germany on 6 August 1979 six weeks after he had an operation for an aneurysm. He was married to Eva Wieland, and they had five children.

References

1911 births
1979 deaths
German biochemists
People from Munich
German Nobel Prize winners
The Artist is a 2011 French romantic comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Thomas Langmann and was directed by Michel Hazanavicius. The Artist was first shown at the Cannes Film Festival on 15 May 2011 and was released on 12 October 2011 France.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and hold a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

The movie was nominated for 6 Golden Globes and won 3: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Original Score, and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Dujardin). The movie was also nominated for 10 Academy Awards and won 5: Best Picture (first French film to ever win Best Picture), Best Director for Hazanavicius, Best Actor for Dujardin (first French actor ever to win for Best Actor), Best Original Score, and Best Costume Design.
Cast 
 Jean Dujardin as George Valentin
 Bérénice Bejo as Peppy Miller
 Uggie as Jack (the dog)
 John Goodman as Al Zimmer
 James Cromwell as Clifton
 Missi Pyle as Constance
 Penelope Ann Miller as Doris Valentin
 Malcolm McDowell as The Butler
 Bitsie Tulloch as Norma
 Beth Grant as Peppy's maid
 Ed Lauter as Peppy's first chauffeur
 Jen Lilley as Onlooker
 Nina Siemaszko as Admiring woman
 Jewel Shepard as Flapper starlet
 Basil Hoffman as Auctioneer
 Ben Kurland as Casting assistant
 Ken Davitian as Pawnbroker
 Bill Fagerbakke as Policeman
 Matt Skollar as Peppy's assistant

References

Other websites 

2011 comedy-drama movies
2011 romantic comedy movies
2011 romantic drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
French comedy movies
French drama movies
French romance movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies set in the 1930s
French silent movies
Warner Bros. movies
The House of Lorraine was a family from the Duchy of Lorraine in modern day France. The family ruled the small duchy of Lorraine. They later ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was married to a Duke of Lorraine. Thus joined the house of Lorraine with the House of Habsburg. The House of Habsburg was very powerful. 

The House of Lorraine, the main and now only remaining line known as Habsburg-Lorraine, is one of the most important and was one of the longest-reigning royal houses in the history of Europe. Currently the house is headed by Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, the titular Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Croatia, Illyria, as well as the titular King of Jerusalem.
The duchy was later given to a dethroned King of Poland and was dissolved in 1766. Historically the members of the family frequently married into other French nobility such as Princesses of the French royal family. The capital of the duchy was Nancy. However, Leopold I of Lorraine later moved the capital to the town of Lunéville. which was a renowned resort in the 18th century, known as the capital of Lorraine. The grand Château de Lunéville, built in 1702 for Leopold, Duke of Lorraine.  The Duke of Lorraine lived there until the duchy became part of France in 1766. The chateau was designed in the style of Versailles to satisfy Leopold's wife, Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, the niece of Louis XIV, and became known as the "Versailles of Lorraine". It includes a chapel designed by Germain Boffrand. Leopold and his wife were the parents of Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (through him they were the grandparents of Marie Antoinette).

Important historical buildings
Château de Lunéville a former royal residence.
Ducal Palace of Nancy.
The Place Stanislas. A large public square in Nancy built by an ex-king of Poland. 
Château de Commercy, a Château used by the last duchess of Lorraine. 

Apart from the ducal family the Beauvau family were very prominent in society holding much influence with the rulers of the duchy due to personal connections. The heads of the family were often titled the Prince of Craon

Other websites

Former monarchies of Europe
House of Lorraine
1766 disestablishments
States of the Holy Roman Empire
18th-century disestablishments in Europe
Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever is a 2002 American action movie. It was produced by Chris Lee and Elie Samaha. The movie was directed by Wych Kaosayananda. Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever was released on September 20, 2002 in North America.

The movie gained strong negative reviews. It is considered one of the worst movies ever made and holds a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Rotten Tomatoes also ranked the movie #1 among "The Worst of the Worst" movie list in March 2007. The movie was a box office bomb and only regained $19.9 million of its $70 million budget.
Cast 
 Antonio Banderas as F.B.I. Agent Jeremiah Ecks
 Lucy Liu as Agent Sever
 Gregg Henry as DIA Director Robert Gant/Agent Clark
 Ray Park as A.J. Ross
 Talisa Soto as Rayne Gant/Vinn Ecks
 Miguel Sandoval as Julio Martin
 Terry Chen as Agent Harry Lee
 Roger R. Cross as Zane
 Sandrine Holt as Agent Bennett
 Steve Bacic as Agent Fleming
 Tony Alcantar as Edgar Moore
 David Palffy as Sleazy Man
 David Pearson as VPD Officer
 Norm Sherry as Ross Sniper
 Brian Drummond as VPD Officer
 Joel Kramer as Bus Driver
 John DeSantis as Bus Guard #2
 Charles Andre as Agent Addis
 Mike Dopud as DIA Agent
 Jonathan Kelly as the Da Feiji technology teacher
 Jet Li as Man in car (Uncredited)
 Aidan Drummond as Michael Gant
 Eric Breker as Agent Curtis
 David Parker as Dark Suit #1
 Josephine Jacob as Pretty Girl
 John McConnach as Escort Agent
 Ashley Kobayashi as Mali
 Lenora Wong as Harry's Wife
 Jim Filippone as DIA Pilot
 Justin Liu as the common Da Feiji master

References

Other websites 
Official website
2002 action movies
2000s spy movies
2002 thriller movies
American action thriller movies
American spy movies
English-language movies
German movies
Warner Bros. movies
Kate O'Mara (10 August 1939 – 30 March 2014) was an English movie, stage and television actress. She was known for her role as Caress Morell in Dynasty. She also had a minor role in the British television series Doctor Who.

O'Mara died in Sussex, England from ovarian cancer, aged 74.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Disease-related deaths in Sussex
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors

Entertainers from Leicestershire
People from Leicester
Richard Nelson Frye (January 10, 1920 – March 27, 2014) was an American professor. He was the Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University. His professional areas of interest were Iranian philology and the history of Iran and Central Asia before 1000 CE.

Frye died in Boston, Massachusetts from natural causes, aged 94.

References

1920 births
2014 deaths
American historians
American teachers
Writers from Birmingham, Alabama
Educators from Birmingham, Alabama
Wendy Hughes (29 July 1952 – 8 March 2014) was an Australian actress. She worked mostly in television and theatre. Hughes' career began in the mid-1970s. She also appeared in movies. Some of which includes Newsfront, Kostas, My Brilliant Career, Lucinda Brayford, and Touch and Go.

Hughes died in Sydney from cancer, aged 61.

References

Other websites
 

1952 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Melbourne
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Thompson Square is a Nashville-based country music duo. The group began in 2002. They became famous in 2010. Hit songs include "Everything I Shouldn't be Thinking About" and "If I Didn't Have You".

The members of the group are Keifer and Shawna Thompson.

Musical groups from Tennessee
Country bands
Musical groups established in 2002
Paul Charles Donnelly (March 28, 1923 - March 12, 2014) was an American guided missile pioneer and a senior NASA manager. He was the manager during the Apollo moon landing program at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Donnelly helped develop the U.S. Navy's Bat, the first "smart bomb" in the history of warfare. He was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania.

Donnelly died on March 12, 2014 in Melbourne, Florida, aged 90.

References

1923 births
2014 deaths
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Scientists from Pennsylvania
People from Altoona, Pennsylvania
My Mad Fat Diary is a British comedy-drama television series. It started on 14 January 2013 on E4. It is based on the book My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014.

Plot
The series is set in Stamford, Lincolnshire in 1996. It stars Sharon Rooney as an obese 16-year-old girl called Rae Earl. She has just left a psychiatric hospital after being there for four months.

Cast
Sharon Rooney as Rachel 'Rae' Earl (Bouchtat)
Nico Mirallegro as Finn Nelson
Claire Rushbrook as Linda Bouchtat, Rae's mum
Ian Hart as Kester, Rae's therapist.
Turlough Convery as Liam Owen (series 2)

References

Other websites 

2013 British television series debuts
2010s British comedy television series
2010s British drama television series
2010s comedy-drama television series
Lincolnshire
Period television series
British teen drama television series
English-language television programs
André Lavagne (12 July 1913 – 21 March 2014) was a French composer. He mostly worked on short movies, such as: L'amour maternel chez les animaux  (1944) and Un amour de parapluie (1951). He was born in Paris.

Lavagne died from natural causes on 21 March 2014 in Paris. He was 100 years old.

References

Other websites
 

1913 births
2014 deaths
French centenarians
20th-century French composers
Musicians from Paris
Movie score composers
Per Lillo-Stenberg (21 June 1928 – 27 March 2014) was a Norwegian actor. His best known roles are in the movies Olsenbanden gir seg aldri! (1981) and Olsenbandens siste stikk (1999). He was born in Oslo. He and his wife Mette Lange-Nielsen had a son, Lars Lillo-Stenberg, a musician for deLillos.

Lillo-Stenberg died after a short illness on 27 March 2014 in Levanger. He was 85 years old.

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Oslo
Disease-related deaths in Norway
Norwegian movie actors
Norwegian stage actors
Norwegian television actors
Mark Mangino (born August 26, 1956) is an American football coach. In 2014, he became the offensive coordinator for the Iowa State Cyclones. Mangino is known mostly for his strict treatment of players. Mangino's most notable accomplishment is leading the Kansas Jayhawks to their best season (12-2) in school history in 2007.

1956 births
Living people
American football coaches
Parazit (, , meaning "static") was a weekly half-hour Persian language satirical television show on Voice of America's Persian service. The show is a satire about Iranian politics. Kambiz Hosseini and Saman Arbabi started the show as a 10-minute show. It was influenced by the American satirical news show The Daily Show. Parazit was started before the June 2009 presidential elections in Iran. It became very popular in Iran. Many people watched it via illegal satellite dishes and internet. Its name comes from the Iranian government's repeated tries to jam foreign satellite programming. Because it is shown through unofficial channels, it is impossible to say how many people have seen it. However since January 2011, the show's YouTube channel is watched 45,000 times a week and its Facebook page is visited 17 million times a month.

References

Other websites 
 Facebook page
 Parazit Blog 
 Photo essay 

2008 television series debuts
2012 television series endings
Gibbs free energy is the available energy in a chemical reaction. It was calculated by Josiah Willard Gibbs.

Purpose
Systems have a tendency to achieve as low of a free energy state as possible. The Gibbs free energy number is how far away the current system is from this state. It is analogous to a number line, with zero being the final state. Scientists use Gibbs free energy to determine the energy in a system that can be used. A negative Gibbs number indicates that you can get energy out of the reaction. It is a favorable reaction, which means that the chemical reaction "wants" to move towards its lower state. A positive Gibbs number shows that you must put energy in to get energy out.

An example can be seen in respiration. The Gibbs value of one mole of glucose is -686kcal. This means that we can get 686 kcal of energy from one mole of glucose. This means if we put in energy in respiration, we can theoretically get 686 kcal out of the mole of glucose.
Calculation
The equation for Gibbs free energy is G(p,T) = U + pV − TS.

This is often simplified as G(p,T) = H − TS.

(For the second equation, U + pV is replaced by H because H = U + pV).

where: 
 U is the internal energy
 p is pressure
 V is Volume
 T is the temperature
 S is the entropy
 H is the enthalpy

Notes

Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2014
Physical chemistry
Nathan "Nate" Phelps (born November 22, 1958) is an American-Canadian author, LGBT rights activist, and public speaker on the topics of religion and child abuse. He is the son of Westboro Baptist Church founder Fred Phelps. He left the church at 18 and permanently left in 1980. This was because of his different and mostly opposite beliefs of his father.

Phelps was born in Topeka, Kansas. He lives in Calgary, Alberta.

References

Other websites

1958 births
Living people
American atheists
American LGBT rights activists
Writers from Alberta
Former Christians
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from Topeka, Kansas
is an Xbox 360 game. It is a sequel to the 2008 game Otomedius G (Gorgeous!) by Konami, a spin-off of the Gradius series. Otomedius Excellent features female characters representing different Konami franchises riding on vehicles or with flying armor. It was released in April 21, 2011 in Japan and in North America on November 8, 2011.

2011 video games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with time travel
Xbox 360-only games
Lys Assia (born Rosa Mina Schärer; 3 March 1924– 24 March 2018) was a Swiss singer. Assia is best known for being the first winner of the Eurovision Song Contest. She has represented Switzerland in Eurovision three times.

Life 
Rosa Mina Schärer was born on March 3 1924 in Rupperswil, Aargau, Switzerland.

When Assia was a young girl she was a dancer. In 1940, however, she stood in for a female singer.

Lys Assia married Johann Heinrich Kunz on 11 January 1957 in Zürich. Kunz died just nine months later due to illness. In 1963, she married Danish businessman Oscar Pedersen, who died in 1995.

Assia died on 24 March 2018 at Zurich's Zollikerberg Hospital.

Eurovision Song Contest 
Representing Switzerland, Assia won the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956with the song "Refrain". She returned to the Contest in both 1957 and 1958, finishing 8th in 1957 and was the runner-up in 1958.
In 2005, Lys Assia took part in a celebration of Eurovision's 50-year anniversary. In 2009, she presented the trophy to that year's winner, Alexander Rybak.Assia tried to represent Switzerland at Eurovision once again in both 2012 and 2013, but was unsuccessful both times. However, she attended the 2012 Contest as a special guest.

In 2015, at age 91, Assia attended Eurovision's 60th anniversary celebration. This was her last public appearance.

References

Other websites

Official homepage 

1924 births
2018 deaths
Swiss entertainers
Swiss singers
People from Aargau
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Molar concentration, or molarity, or simply concentration, is a term in physical chemistry. It measures the concentration of a solution or mixture.

In chemistry, the molar concentration,  is defined as the amount of a constituent  (usually measured in moles – hence the name) divided by the volume of the mixture :

The volume  in the definition  refers to the volume of the solution, not the volume of the solvent. One litre of a solution usually contains either slightly more or slightly less than 1 litre of solvent because when a substance dissolves in a solvent it causes volume of liquid to increase or decrease.

The reciprocal quantity represents the dilution (volume) which can appear in Ostwald's law of dilution.

References

Other websites 
 Molarity -Citizendium

Physical chemistry
John Schiller Wold (August 31, 1916 – February 19, 2017) was an American politician. He was a Republican. He served a term in the United States House of Representatives for Wyoming from 1969 to 1971. He was also a business person and geologist.

Wold was born in East Orange, New Jersey. He grew up in Watertown, Connecticut.  During World War II, he was a consulting physicist and gunnery officer for the U.S. Navy. He turned 100 in 2016.

References

Other websites
 John S. Wold at Our Campaigns
1916 births
2017 deaths
American centenarians
American geologists
American military personnel of World War II
American physicists
Scientists from New Jersey
Scientists from Connecticut
Scientists from Wyoming
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Businesspeople from Wyoming
Cornell University alumni
People from East Orange, New Jersey
Politicians from Connecticut
Politicians from New Jersey
United States representatives from Wyoming
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from New Jersey
In geology, the terms basement and crystalline basement are used to define the rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover. "The surface beneath which no sedimentary rock is found".

More generally, it is any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin. In the same way the sediments and/or sedimentary rocks on top of the basement can be called a "cover" or "sedimentary cover".

References 

Geology
Yosef Hamadani Cohen (; born 1916 – 29 March 2014) was an Iranian Jewish religious leader. He was the chief rabbi of the Jewish people in Iran from January 1994 until his death. Before this, he was the rabbi of Yusef Abad Synagogue.

Cohen died after a long illness on 29 March 2014 in Tehran over Shabbat. He was 98 years old.

References

Other websites

1916 births
2014 deaths
Chief rabbis
Disease-related deaths in Iran
Iranian Jews
People from Tehran
Saman Arbabi (; born 1973) is an Iranian-American journalist, caricaturist, television host, fashion designer, and television producer. He was the creator and executive producer of the satirical television show Parazit. He was born in Tehran, Iran in 1973. He moved to France in 1984, and then he moved to the United States in 1986. He has a Bachelor of Science in Communications from the University of Maryland.

Other websites

Edeaa, directed by Saman Arbabi
Demokracy, directed by Saman Arbabi
Saman Arbabi's Reel
Parazit's Press Reel
Saman Arbabi's Twitter feed
Saman Arbabi's Facebook page
Saman Arbabi's Instagram page

1973 births
Living people
Writers from Tehran
Iranian journalists
American television presenters
Fashion designers
Television producers
Platypterygius ('flat flipper)' is an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It was the last surviving ichthyosaur.

Discovery and species 
Fossils are known from Australia, Russia, United States of America, Colombia, Western Europe and possibly New Zealand. There are seven named species. Both adults and juveniles have been unearthed, including newborns and pregnant females. Like other ichthyosaurs, Platypterygius gave live birth.

Palaeobiology 
Platypterygius reached a length of about 7 m (23 ft). It had a long snout and a powerful finned tail. There are more digits in the front flippers than is usual in ichthyosaurs; they are tightly bound in rows, giving a broad, flat appearance. This unusual characteristic gives the genus its name, meaning 'flat wing.' Furthermore, some of the wrist bones have disappeared entirely. CAT scans on a juvenile specimen strongly suggest that Platypterygius was deaf.

Extinction
Extinction 

Platypterygius became extinct during the Upper Cretaceous, about 30 million years before the K/T extinction event. There was an ocean anoxic event at the Cenomanian–Turonian stage boundary. The deeper layers of the seas became anoxic and poisoned by hydrogen sulphide (H2S). As life died off in the lower (benthos) levels of the sea, so did the predators at the top of the food chain. The last pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs became extinct.p251 

No firm reasons can be given for the decline of the ichthyosaurs. By the Cretaceous they certainly had more competitors than in the Triassic, and more elusive prey. The adaptive radiation of teleost fish meant their new prey were fast swimming and highly evasive. The teleosts also included fast-swimming predatory fish, which must have been competitors. The anoxic event would have removed much of the plankton at the base of the food chain. That would certainly result in the extinction of many larger predatory forms of life.

References
References 

Long, J.A., Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand, UNSW Press, Australia 1998

Ichthyosaurs
Gravity Falls is an American animated comedy/sitcom from creator/executive producer/writer/director Alex Hirsch which follows city kids Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel Pines (voiced by Kristen Schaal), who are sent to spend the summer with their eccentric Great Uncle Stan, aka Grunkle Stan (voiced by Hirsch), who runs a tourist trap called The Mystery Shack in a remote northwestern town where nothing is what it seems.  With creatures in the forest, monsters in the lake and time travel a possibility, things get very interesting for the twins as they quickly realize they need each other, in order to unlock the secrets of the quirky and mysterious town.

Characters

Protagonists  
Dipper - The 12 (13 at the end of the series) twin brother of Mabel Pines and a curious boy who is in love with Wendy Corduroy. He is the pinetree in the Zodiac wheel.

Mabel - The 12 (13 at the end of the series) twin sister of Dipper Pines and spends most of the time having fun with her best friends Candy Chiu and Grenda.
Stanley Pines (also known as Stanford Pines early in the series) - The CEO of the Mystery Shack (until Weirdmageddon III: Take Back the Falls) and is the great uncle of twins Dipper and Mabel Pines. He is also the twin brother of Stanford Filbrick Pines Ph.D, also known as the Author.

Soos - he  is an awkward, lovable man-child (who works as the current owner of the Mystery Shack at the time of Weirdmageddon III : Take Back the Falls) and frequent sidekick of Dipper and Mabel on their various adventures. He is one of the main characters of Gravity Falls. He is the question mark on the Zodiac wheel.

List of Episodes
List of Episodes

Season 1 
 Tourist Trapped (June 15, 2012)
 The Legend of the Gobblewonker (June 29, 2012)
 Headhunters (June 30, 2012)
 The Hand That Rocks The Mabel (July 6, 2012)
 The Inconveniencing (July 13, 2012)
 Dipper vs. Manliness (July 20, 2012)
 Double Dipper (August 10, 2012)
 Irrational Treasure (August 17, 2012)
 The Time Traveler's Pig (August 24, 2012)
 Fight Fighters (September 14, 2012)
 Little Dipper (September 28, 2012)
 Summerween (October 5, 2012)
 Boss Mabel (February 15, 2013)
 Bottomless Pit! (March 1, 2013)
 The Deep End (March 15, 2013)
 Carpet Diem (April 5, 2013)
 Boyz Crazy (April 19, 2013)
 Land Before Swine (June 28, 2013)
 Dreamscaperers (July 12, 2013)
 Gideon Rises (August 2, 2013)
Season 2 
 Scary-oke (August 1, 2014)
 Into the Bunker (August 4, 2014)
 The Golf War (August 11, 2014)
 Sock Opera (September 8, 2014)
 Soos and the Real Girl (September 22, 2014)
 Little Gift Shop of Horrors (October 4, 2014)
 Society of the Blind Eye (October 27, 2014)
 Blendin's Game (November 10, 2014)
 The Love God (November 26, 2014)
 The Northwest Mansion Noir (February 16, 2015)
 Not What He Seems (March 9, 2015)
 A Tale of Two Stans (July 13, 2015)
 Dungeons, Dungeons, and More Dungeons (August 3, 2015)
 The Stanchurian Candidate (August 24, 2015)
 The Last Mabelcorn (September 7, 2015)
 Roadside Attraction (September 21, 2015)
 Dipper and Mabel vs. the Future' (October 12, 2015)
 Weirdmageddon Part 1 (October 26, 2015)
 Weirdmageddon 2: Escape from Reality' (November 23, 2015)
 Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back the Falls' (February 15, 2016)

End 
Alex Hirsch

References

Other websites
Official website
2012 American television series debuts
2010s television series endings
2010s American animated television series
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
Carter L. Stevenson was a career military officer. He served in the United States Army in the American Civil War.

Confederate Army generals
1817 births
1888 deaths
Military people from Virginia
Pitikwahanapiwiyin was a Native American leader. Born in 1842 near Battleford Saskatchewan. He was a chief of the plains Cree tribe. He was known to English speakers as Chief Poundmaker. He helped end a long war between the two nations; the Cree and the Blackfoot. To seal the peace between the two tribes he became the adopted son of the Blackfoot chief Crowfoot.

References 

Native American people