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Venues 
The following venues were used at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. The sport(s) which were played at that venue is listed after it.

Melbourne venues 
 Docklands Precinct: Walks
 Melbourne Cricket Ground: Opening and Closing Ceremonies, and Athletics
 Melbourne Exhibition Centre: Badminton, Boxing and Weightlifting
 Melbourne Gun Club: Clay Target Shooting
 Melbourne International Shooting Club: Small Bore and Pistol Shooting
 Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre: Aquatics, Squash and Table tennis
 Multi Purpose Venue (Melbourne Park): Basketball Finals, Track Cycling and Netball Finals
 Rod Laver Arena (Melbourne Park): Gymnastics
 Royal Botanic Gardens Circuit: Cycling Road Race events
 State Lawn Bowls Centre: Lawn Bowls
 State Netball Hockey Centre: Netball and Hockey
 St Kilda Foreshore and Beach Road: Triathlon and Cycling Time Trial
 Telstra Dome: Rugby 7s
Other venues 
 Ballarat Ballarat Minerdome: Basketball
 Bendigo Bendigo Stadium: BasketballWellsford Rifle Range: Full Bore Shooting
 Geelong Geelong Arena: Basketball
 Lysterfield Park State Mountain Bike Course: Mountain Bike Cycling
 Traralgon Traralgon Sports Stadium: Basketball

Other Notees 
Melbourne's public transport system (Metlink) - train, tram and bus - had changed timetables for the Games.

Other websites 
 Official website

2006 in sports
2006 in Australia
Commonwealth Games
Sport in Melbourne
History of Melbourne
March 2006 events
The Deutschland Tour (English: Tour of Germany and sometimes Deutschland-Rundfahrt in German) is the most important stage race in Germany. Initially the race was held in May/June. Since 2005, it has been part of the UCI ProTour and has been moved to August.

History

Already in 1911, a "national" cycling race of over 1,500 km was held in the German Empire (Germany was then lots of more or less independent kingdoms, duchies, and other little countries ). Until 1931 several Tours were held, organised by different groups. In 1931 the first Deutschlandtour was held.  The race was well organised and exciting between 1937 and 1939, but stopped again at the start of World War II.

There was not a lot of road cycling in Germany, and the tour's popularity depended on German riders doing well in other races.   This resulted in several parallel tours of West Germany.
But after Jan Ullrich's 1997 Tour de France victory, cycling became more popular. Partly as because of Germany's new-found cycling enthusiasm, the Bund Deutscher Radfahrer e.V. (German Cyclists' Federation) and the company Upsolut founded the Deutschland Tour gmbh (Ltd) 1999 the Deutschlandtour restarted, but has not been run since 2008 because of a lack of interest from TV sponsors.

References

Other websites 

Official Site
Deutchland Tour at Cyclingpost

Cycle racing in Germany
A bicycle stage race is a race held over several days.  Each day's race is called a stage.  Many countries have a racing tour of their country, for example the Deutschland Tour and the Tour of Britain.  The oldest and most famous stage race is the Tour de France.

A stage race does not have to be tour of a country.  The Bayern Rundfahrt is a stage race in Bavaria, Germany. In contrast the ENECO Tour  is a stage race around Belgium and the Netherlands.
Cycle races
The Eneco Tour of Benelux is a UCI ProTour bicycle stage race. Its name refers to its main sponsor, the energy company Eneco Energie. The first Eneco Tour of Benelux took place from August 3 to August 10 2005

History 
The Tour of the Netherlands began on 6 May 1948, but only became an annual event in 1975. From about 2000 it was known as the Eneco tour. The start of the UCI's ProTour in 2005 saw the tour reorganised.
Organization 
The then UCI president Hein Verbruggen wanted to keep the Tour of the Netherlands for "marketing reasons". (Part of the UCI's job is to make cycling more popular).    The Dutch Tour organisation got a better sponsor (ENECO Energie). But because the race was not difficult enough for the new ProTourthe race organisers asked the organisers of the Tour of Belgium and the Tour de Luxembourg. The idea was a Tour of the Benelux that would replace the three.  The Tours of Belgium and Luxembourg will carry on. The organisers of the Tour of Luxembourg did not want to join the new big race, so the Eneco tour only covers Belgium and the Netherlands.

Winners

General classification 
The overall winner of the race by time wears a red jersey (Dutch: Rode trui or French: Maillot rouge).

Points classification 
In 2005, the overall winner of the race by points (Dutch: Puntenklassement) wears a blue jersey (Dutch: Blauwe trui or French: Maillot bleu). This was changed to a white jersey however in 2006.
Mountains classification 
No jersey is awarded for leading this classification.

Young rider classification 
Before 2007, the best young (under 25) rider of the race got to wear a yellow jersey. (Dutch: Gele trui or French: Maillot jaune).

Team classification

Most Stage Wins

References 
  Graat, John (August 3 2005). 'Fantastische' Pro Tour zegen voor profronde. Trouw (Dutch newspaper), p. 13.

Other websites 
 Official homepage 

UCI ProTour
Cycle races
Sport in the Netherlands
Sport in Belgium
1948 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in the Netherlands
Maki can mean:

 Maki Fumihiko, an architect and Pritzker Prize winner
 Maki Goto, a Japanese pop singer
 Maki Horikita, a Japanese actress
 Maki Ichinose, a fictional character in the anime and manga series BLEACH
 Maki Kagura, a video game character from the King of Fighters series
 Maki Seiichiro, a Japanese soccer player
 Makizushi, a variety of sushi
 Markie (real name 翁長麻紀 Maki Onaga), the lead singer of HIGH and MIGHTY COLOR
 Ziro Maki, physicist
Lucas Cranach the Elder ( ;  – 16 October 1553) was a German painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving. He was born Lucas Sunder at Kronach in upper Franconia.

Career

Early jobs  
Early on, Lucas Cranach tried jobs that had something to do with painting. 
He decorated houses, but mostly made portraits and altar-pieces. He also helped design coins and other things.

First painting experiences 
His first paintings were still lifes and animals on the walls of the palaces at Coburg and Locha. They were so good that the duke asked Lucas Cranach to make a painting of him. Lucas Cranach painted the duke killing a boar.

Before 1508 he had painted a few altar-pieces for the Castle Church at Wittenberg. Albrecht Dürer, Hans Burgkmair and others also worked there. He made many portraits of the duke and his brother John. The best woodcuts and copper-plates were published.
Later painting experiences 
More honour was given to Cranach when he went to the Netherlands in 1509, and painted the Emperor Maximilian I and the boy who became Charles V later in his life. Until 1508 Cranach signed his works with the initials of his name. In that year the person in charge gave him the  snake with wings as a symbol. This symbol was marked on all his pictures after that date.

Death 
Lucas Cranach the Elder died on 16 October 1553 at Weimar in Germany. The house in which he lived still stands in the marketplace. He is commemorated as an artist by the Lutheran Church on 6 April.

Cranach's Art

Influences 
Cranach's art in its prime was slightly affected by the art of the Italians, but was also similar to that of the Netherlands and Germans.
Compositions 
As a composer Cranach was not greatly gifted. His concept of the human shape was low; but he showed some freshness in the contour of incident, though he not unfrequently bordered on coarseness. His copper-plates and woodcuts are the best pieces of his art; and the earlier they are in date the more apparent is their power. Striking evidence of this is the "St Christopher" of 1506, or the plate of "Elector Frederick praying before the Madonna" (1509).

Early work 
His first woodcut (1505) represents the Virgin and three saints in prayer before a crucifix. Later on he composes the marriage of St Catherine, a series of martyrdoms, and scenes from the Passion.
After 1517 he occasionally draws the old gospel themes, but he also gives style to some of the thoughts of the Reformers. In a picture of 1518 at Leipzig, where a dying man offers "his soul to God, his body to earth, and his worldly goods to his relations," the soul rises to meet the Trinity in heaven, and being saved is clearly shown to depend on faith and not on good works. Again sin and grace become a familiar subject of description in pictures. Adam is observed sitting between John the Baptist and a prophet at the foot of a tree. To the left God brings out the tables of the law, Adam and Eve partake of the forbidden fruit, the serpent is holding his head up high, and punishment takes place in the shape of death and the realm of Satan. To the right, the birth, Crucifixion and Resurrection symbolize achievement, and this is duly impressed on Adam by John the Baptist, who points to the sacrifice of the crucified Saviour
. There are two examples of this work in the galleries of Gotha and Prague, both of them dated 1529.
Sons 
Cranach had three sons, all artists: John Lucas Cranach, who died at Bologna in 1536; Hans Cranach, whose life is obscure; and Lucas Cranach the younger (1515-1586) who took over his father's workshop after his death. He also had a daughter Barbara Cranach, married to Christian Brück (Pontanus), ancestors of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Some of Lucas Cranach the Elder's Paintings
References 
 Posse, Hans (1942) Lucas Cranach d. ä. A. Schroll & Co., Vienna OCLC 773554 in German
 Descargues, Pierre (1960) Lucas Cranach the Elder (translated from the French by Helen Ramsbotham) Oldbourne Press, London, OCLC 434642
 Ruhmer, Eberhard (1963) Cranach (translated from the German by Joan Spencer) Phaidon, London, OCLC 1107030
 Friedländer, Max J.and Rosenberg, Jakob (1978) The Paintings of Lucas Cranach Tabard Press, New York 
 Schade, Werner (1980) Cranach, a Family of Master Painters (translated from the German by Helen Sebba) Putnam, New York, 
 Stepanov, Alexander (1997) Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1472-1553 Parkstone, Bournemouth, England, 
 Koerner, Joseph Leo (2004) The reformation of the image University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 
 Moser, Peter (2005) Lucas Cranach: His Life, His World, His Pictures (translated from the German by Kenneth Wynne) Babenberg Verlag, Bamberg, Germany, 
 Brinkmann, Bodo et al. (2007) Lucas Cranach Royal Academy of Arts, London,

Other websites
Other websites 

 The nymph of the fountain in The Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool
 Woodcuts of Lucas Cranach the Elder in Cooperative Digital Resources Initiative 

1472 births
1553 deaths
German painters
People from Bavaria
German printmakers
Edwards v. Aguillard was a 1987 United States Supreme Court case that said that creationism was not science. The Supreme Court said that it was religion, and could not be taught in American schools, because the United States Constitution (the set of rules that all American government must follow) does not allow the government to support one religion more than other religions, and so schools run by the government cannot teach religion as being true. This rule is known as the Establishment Clause.

Related pages
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, a similar court case

1987 in the United States
United States law
1980s in law
Frýdlant (-Czech, German: Friedland) is a town in the Czech Republic. About 7,600 people live there. It is located in the north of the historical region Bohemia.

References

Cities in the Czech Republic
Liberec Region
Kitzmiller, et al. v. Dover Area School District, et al. is the full name of a 2005 American trial. It is also called the Dover trial, because it happened in Dover, Pennsylvania. It said that intelligent design was not science, and could not be taught as science in schools.

About 

Intelligent design is the idea that the universe is not simple enough to be made by nature. Instead, people who believe in intelligent design think that a smarter force must have made everything, or at least important parts of it.

Trial
Trial 

Evolution is the commonly accepted scientific theory that explains how all of the different kinds of life developed from a simple beginning. Intelligent design is another explanation saying that life was developed by a smarter being. A school district in Dover, Pennsylvania wanted to tell the students about intelligent design. They wanted teachers to tell their students about intelligent design at the same time they taught evolution. They were using a text book from the Foundation for Thought and Ethics called "Of Pandas and People" written by Percival Davis and Dean Kenyon. This book says it presents the scientific evidence for intelligent design and why it makes more sense than evolution. Tammy Kitzmiller and ten other parents did not want their children being taught intelligent design. They complained to the government, and a trial was held.
Before the trial 
There was an earlier trial called Edwards v. Aguillard. It was about teaching creationism in schools. Creationism is the belief that God (or something else) created the universe, like it says in the Bible or other religious books.

The United States Constitution is the set of rules that all of the government in the United States must follow. It does not allow the government to support one religion more than any other religion. Schools run by the government (public schools) cannot teach one type of religion as being true. In Edwards v. Aguillard, the United States Supreme Court said that creationism was not science. It said it was religious, because it tried to explain things using stories from the Bible. The Supreme Court said that creationism could not be taught in public schools. But some people said intelligent design was not creationism.
During the trial 
During the trial, experts showed that intelligent design was an old argument for religion and not science. They looked at the authors' notes for the book, "Of Pandas and People", that the school was using. These notes included things that had been changed when the book was being prepared for printing. It had been changed from being about creationism to being about intelligent design. The authors did this by changing the words "created" to "designed" and "creationists" to "intelligent design proponents". In one version, the word "creationists" was even changed to "cdesign proponentsists" by mistake. The judge found this interesting. These changes were made just after Edwards v. Aguillard said you could not teach creationism in schools. The judge said this showed that intelligent design was creationism.
In one part of the trial, they spoke to Michael Behe. Behe was one of the people that helped create intelligent design. He said nobody could say how evolution made the immune system, the thing in your body that protects you from diseases. He said that some smarter force had to have made it. Behe was shown 58 articles, nine books, and lots of other things scientists wrote to show how the immune system could have been made by evolution. He said none of them was "good enough". The judge did not think this was true.

Result 
After the trial, the judge said that intelligent design was creationism, not science. Creationism had already been shown to be religious. The government is not allowed to support one religion more than any other religion. Therefore, schools can not teach intelligent design, as that would be saying one type of religion was true.

References
References

Other websites 
 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District et al. - The judge's ruling.
 The “Vise Strategy” Undone: Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District  - Barbara Forrest was one of the  experts at the trial. She wrote this article about it.
 National Center for Science Education  - The N.C.S.E. helped out in the trial. They collected lots of documents about it.

2005 in Pennsylvania
Former good articles
Intelligent design
Trials in the United States
Psychometrics is a science that tries to measure educational and psychological levels of people and groups of people. Areas that are studied in people include intelligence, skills, and personality traits. The science is mainly a part of the science of psychology.

Psychometrics
Consolevania is an internet television program that is about video games. It also has funny stories, although not all of these are about games.  It is made by Rab Florence and Ryan Mcleod in Glasgow, Scotland. Consolevania must be downloaded from the internet rather than watching it on a television set. Consolevania is named after a video game called Castlevania on the Super Nitendo video game console.

Rab and Ryan, also made a normal television show for BBC Scotland, called videoGaiden.  It has less swearing in it.

Some of the funny characters in Consolevania are:

 John Gacy - A clown who pretends not to kill children
 Sammy Miller - A man who tries to make the show safer but ends up hurting himself
 Hitler - The Hitler in Consolevania is angry about losing the war and tries to stop the show

Consolevania has a good reputation because the presenters care about video games and they sometimes makes fun of certain people who make video games. People also like the funny stories and swearing.

Other websites
Other websites 

 Consolevania - The Consolevania website

Video games
Entertainment websites
In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called resistance) is a force which tends to slow the movement of an object through a liquid or gas.
As a moving object pushes the liquid or gas out of its way, the fluid pushes back on the object. This drag force is always opposite to the object's motion, and unlike friction between solid surfaces, the drag force increases as the object moves faster.

Air resistance, also known as drag, is a force that is caused by air, the force acts in the opposite direction to an object moving through the air. It is where air particles hit the front of the object slowing it down. The more surface area, the more air particles hit it and the greater the resistance.
Things are often shaped to make less drag. For example, a truck with a flat front will experience high air resistance while a sports car with a streamlined shape will experience lower air resistance, allowing the car to go faster. This is why airplanes and other fast machines are streamlined, and the same is true of fish. A snowflake falls more slowly than does a drop of water of the same weight.

Drag can affect the quickest falling speed (the terminal velocity) of an object. The higher the drag, the slower the object falls.

References 

Fluid mechanics
Manatees are large, fully-aquatic marine mammals of the order Sirenia. They are sometimes known as sea cows. The manatees form the genus Trichechus. There are three manatee species.

The name comes from the Spanish manatí, which itself comes from a Carib word meaning "breast".

Early sightings 
Christopher Columbus, who thought mermaids were real, went to the waters around Haiti, and wrote in his logbook that he had seen three mermaids. He said that they were not as beautiful as everybody said they were. Nowadays, people believe Christopher Columbus had actually seen three manatees. It is possible he saw them kissing one another, which is something they do when the meet each other in the water.

Description
Description 

Manatees have thick pads around their lips and stiff bristles that help them grab food and move it towards the mouth. A manatee eats sea grass and all kinds of sea vegetables. All its teeth are shaped like a human's molars. The eight hours of chewing each day wears down on their teeth. In fact, its first two pairs of teeth get so worn out that they simply fall out sometimes. However, manatees can grow new teeth. New teeth are always growing in the back. When front teeth fall out, the back teeth move forward to take their place. In mammals, only elephants and (quite independently) kangaroos have this kind of system.

Taxonomy 
The Sirenia are thought to have evolved from four-legged land mammals over 60 million years ago. Their closest living relatives are the Proboscidea (elephants) and Hyracoidea (hyraxes).
 Family Trichechidae
 Genus Trichechus
 West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus
 Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis
 West African manatee, Trichechus senegalensis

Habitat
Habitat 

Manatees live on the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and the rivers. 
The West African Manatee lives on the western side of Africa, on the shores from Senegal to Angola. They also live in some rivers like the Niger River and around Lake Chad. 
The West Indian Manatee lives in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, and also on the shores of Brazil and Venezuela. 
The Amazonian Manatee lives in parts of the Amazon Basin in South America.

Manatees live in salt water and in fresh water. On the sea shores they mostly live in shallow water, like lagoons and mangroves. They also live in brackish water and rivers. Manatees like bodies of water with a temperature of over 20 °C.

Life 

They are mainly herbivores, spending most of their time grazing in shallow waters at depths of 1-2 metres (3–7 ft).

References 

Sirenia
Natural history is the study of plants and animals in the wild, and the environments they live in. This includes the geology of the places in which they live.

The work of naturalists is observation, interpretation, collecting and classification, rather than experiments. People who study natural history are called naturalists. They were among the first to explore the world. They were the first to study the Amazon and other tropical places. Naturalists find new species and classify plants and animals. They study ecology.

Naturalists developed some theoretical ideas which were valuable. They noticed that living things fitted the lives they led. This was adaptation. They noticed a struggle for existence between animals. They thought they could see a chain of being from lower animals to higher, which they thought was the work of God. The idea that such things might happen by natural means began to surface in the 18th century, and become the majority view in time of Charles Darwin.
Before Darwin, most naturalists did not think of themselves as scientists. When they looked at nature, perhaps as explorers, they looked at everything. They looked at the land, the people, the plants and animals. After Darwin, they did see themselves as scientists. Early on, Darwin called himself a geologist. Thomas Henry Huxley was an anatomist. Joseph Dalton Hooker was a botanist. Charles Lyell was a geologist. They changed the way in which they were educated as well. They often took degrees in science. That sort of education was rare before Darwin.

Naturalists were educated amateurs; scientists are trained professionals. The change happened slowly, during the 19th century. The very word scientist was invented in 1837 by William Whewell. Before then, the term was natural philosopher (for the physical sciences) or natural historian (for the biological sciences and geology). Naturalist is short for natural historian.
Important naturalists 
Some of the people who are important because they were interested in natural history are:

Aristotle
Pliny the Elder
Conrad Gessner
John Ray 
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon 
Gilbert White 
Alexander von Humboldt 
Charles Darwin 
Alfred Russel Wallace

References 

Biology
Geology
Theistic evolution, or  evolutionary creationism, is the belief that God, or another higher power, used evolution as a tool to create the different species of living creatures on Earth. It says that evolution does not deny the existence of God.

Evolution
Religion
The term queer is a word that describes any person who does not fit into what is considered normal by society when talking about their gender and/or sexuality.

It is a word that has been reappropriated by social and political LGBT rights activists and is the word that a lot of academic studies use to describe non-heterosexual identities. It is also used as a word which talks about someone's sexuality or gender in a deliberately non-specific way.

Queer is mostly used by younger LGBT people to describe themselves and is usually described as a "fluid" label. Many people like the term in the LGBT community as it focuses on what that community has in common and not its differences. But many older LGBT people may find the term "queer" to be offensive due to its use as a homophobic insult. Some queer folks may or may not be genderqueer (of non-binary gender).
Other meanings 
The term "queer" entered English in the 16th century, meaning strange or a word describing someone who is sick. The word was used a lot in the 20th century to refer to gay men, as it still does a lot today.

Related pages 
Queer anarchism

References

LGBT variations
Pejoratives
Mohammad Abdus Salam  (29 January 1926; Santokdas, Sahiwal Punjab – 21 November 1996; Oxford, England) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist. He was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics. 

He was initially educated at the Government College Lahore and the University of the Punjab, Lahore. For a time also worked at the Government College as a lecturer, adding considerably to its intellectual life. Later he went to Cambridge University, England for PhD studies. In 1951 he returned to Pakistan, but he found that he was cut off from the rest of the scientific world there. In 1953, he again went to England where he started to teach and research, having interest in the Grand Unified Theory.
He believed that if the Creator of the universe was one then the origin of all the forces had to be single also. He then set off to unify the electromagnetic and the weak nuclear force.
According to another scientist, Peter Higgs, a field existed i.e. the Higgs field. Salam successfully showed that weak nuclear forces are not really different from electromagnetic forces, and two could inter-convert. Salam provided a theory that shows the unification of two fundamental forces of nature, weak nuclear forces and the electromagnetic forces, one into another.

References

Other websites 

1926 births
1996 deaths
Pakistani physicists
Theoretical physicists
Livermorium is a radioactive chemical element that has the chemical symbol Lv and the atomic number 116. Its longest half- life lasts only 47 milliseconds. 

The element is named in honor of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

It was first discovered in 2000 by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia. Its name was originally "Ununhexium" (Uuh) as a placeholder name meaning " one-one-six-ium" in Latin, but it changed on May 30st, 2012, when the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry changed it.

Uses 
It currently has no use as chemists are researching it now.

Other websites 

WebElements.com - Livermorium
Apsidium - Livermorium 
Second postcard from the island of stability

References 

Post-transition metals
Synthetic elements
The UCI ProTour is a series of bicycle road races organised by the world governing body the International Cycling Federation (Union Cycliste Internationale - the UCI)

The ProTour is the top grade of races for the top 20 cycling teams.

The ProTour includes one day races, time trials, and stage races. It started in 2005 and replaced the old world championship series which did not include stage races.

All of the ProTour races are in Europe, but the teams come from Europe and the United States. At the moment it is hard to move up from the Continental circuits to the ProTour, but in the future teams from Africa, Australia or Asia could take part in the ProTour.

List of current UCI ProTour teams 

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2005 |
2006 |
2007
Paris-Nice |
Tirreno-Adriatico |
Milan-Sanremo |
Ronde van Vlaanderen |
Vuelta al País Vasco |
Gent-Wevelgem |
Paris-Roubaix |
Amstel Gold Race |
La Flèche Wallonne |
Liège-Bastogne-Liège |
Tour de Romandie |
Giro d'Italia |
Volta a Catalunya |
Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré |
Tour de Suisse |
Eindhoven TTT |
Tour de France |
Clásica de San Sebastián |
Deutschland Tour |
Vattenfall Cyclassics |
Eneco Tour of Benelux |
Vuelta a España |
GP Ouest-France |
Tour de Pologne |
Züri-Metzgete |
Paris-Tours |
Giro di Lombardia

Cycle races
Ohana is an idea in Hawaiian culture.  The word ohana means family in the Hawaiian language, but in a much wider sense, to include not only one's closer relatives, but also one's cousins, in-laws, friends, race, and other neighbours.  The idea is also that family and friends are bound together and everyone must work together and not forget each other.

Origin 
The word is related to the word whānau meaning the same, used by the Maori of New Zealand.  It comes from the Hawaiian word ohā meaning the root of the taro plant, the most important plant in Hawaiian culture.
Popular culture 
Ohana is also one of the main ideas of the Disney animated movie Lilo & Stitch. ("Ohana means family, and family means nobody gets left behind. Or forgotten.") The director of the movie, Dean DeBlois, says the movie's makers learned about this from their tour guide when they went to Hawaii to get ideas for the movie.  He said that everywhere they went, the guide seemed to know people, and that he explained about ohana to them.  They liked the idea so much that it became one of the main ideas for the story, the one thing that changes the character of Stitch, even though he was created to destroy.
"Ohana API" is a US website with the goal of extending the concept of "Ohana" to the larger context of the US as a whole. This is relevant and important because Hawaii and the Hawaiian culture is an integral part of the cultural diversity and interconnection that exists and is a very unique and cherished part and benefit of the great and expanding intermingled cultures that embody the United States of America. 

Culture of Hawaii
:For other uses see Grand Tour

There are three Grand Tour cycling races:-

In Italy, the Giro d'Italia
In France, the Tour de France
In Spain, the Vuelta Ciclista a España

This is the order they are raced in each year.

All three are in the "ProTour Calendar", that is they are part of the UCI ProTour.

They got the name of Grand Tour because they are some of the oldest, hardest and longest stage races in the calendar.
Seven cyclists have won all three of the Grand Tours during their career:
 : 5 Tours (1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964), 2 Giros (1960, 1964), 1 Vuelta (1963).
 : 1 Tour (1965), 3 Giros (1967, 1969, 1976), 1 Vuelta (1968)
 : 5 Tours (1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974), 5 Giros (1968, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974), 1 Vuelta (1973)
 : 5 Tours (1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985), 3 Giros (1980, 1982, 1985), 2 Vueltas (1978, 1983)
 : 2 Tours (2007, 2009), 2 Giros (2008, 2015), 3 Vueltas (2008, 2012, 2014)
 : 1 Tour (2014), 2 Giros (2013, 2016), 1 Vuelta (2010).
 : 4 Tours (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017), 1 Giro (2018), 2 Vueltas (2011, 2017).

References

Cycle races
A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus Mammuthus.

Overview 

The various species of mammoth were commonly equipped with long, curved tusks.

They lived from the Pliocene epoch into the Holocene about 4,000 years ago, and various species existed in Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America.

Mammoths are more closely related to living Asian elephants than African elephants.

Fossil works 

The term mammoth may refer to a number of organisms, but is used here to describe the hairy proboscidean of the genus Mammuthus. They lived in Europe until 4,500 years ago, and were adapted to cold climate. They were killed off by hunters and climate change.

They lived in the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. In the Pleistocene, northern Europe was covered with ice and tundra. There were a series of ice ages, which allowed the mammoths to spread across the land.

Mammoths were hunted by early humans, who used spears, and cut them up with hand axes. Their frozen flesh has been analysed for its DNA sequence.
Related pages
 Mastodon
 Elephant

References

Other websites 

Mammoth Site in Hot Springs, South Dakota 

Extinct elephants
Megafauna
Pliocene
Pleistocene
Right-wing politics is a kind of politics that supports social or economic conservatism.

Beliefs
Someone who is "right-wing" usually supports tradition and keeping things the way that they already are. The right-wing supports tradition and authority.  The right-wing in some countries, like the United States, often supports social conservatism and a capitalist economy where the government has little influence.  Usually the right-wing thinks of society as similar to a living thing, what is called "organic society".  They believe that society's customs and traditions are a collection of things that we have learned from the past and are useful and should be maintained as much as possible.

Types
People who are very right-wing are called "reactionary", and want to either return to the way things were before, such as neoreaction, or more often start as a reaction against left-wing ideas which are spreading in a country.
Famous Right-wing politicians
 Silvio Berlusconi
 Boris Johnson
 Ronald Reagan
 Margaret Thatcher
 Donald Trump
 Janez Janša
 Jair Bolsonaro

Related pages 
 Centrism
 Fascism
 Left-wing politics
 Nationalism
 Neoconservatism
 Paleoconservatism

Conservatism
Political movements
The polka dot jersey is the special cycling jersey given to the "King of the Mountains" in the Tour de France. The jersey is white with red spots, called polka dots. There is also space for the logo of the cycling team the winner belongs to.

The King of the Mountains is the rider who has collected the most points in the hill-climbing sections of each stage. Points are given to the first riders to reach the top. More points are given for difficult climbs. Difficulty is judged by the length of the climb and the average steepness of the climb. 

The King of the Mountains competition at the Tour de France was started in 1933. The polka dot jersey for the winner was introduced in 1975.

Richard Virenque has won the jersey seven times, more than any other cyclist. In 2014 the winner was Rafał Majka. In 2015 an Eritrean rider, Daniel Teklehaimanot, became the first African who won a Polka dot jersey.

References

Tour de France
"The Ice Age" redirects here. For other uses, see Ice Age (disambiguation).

The Pleistocene stage or epoch was a long period of time. It stretched from 2.6 million years ago to 11,700 years ago. The Pleistocene followed the Pliocene. It is the first epoch of the Quaternary period and the sixth in the Cainozoic, and  is followed by the present Holocene. 

The Pleistocene was a time of ice ages: cold glacial periods with shorter, warmer, interglacials. Ice ages are when the world becomes much colder for a long time. In much of the 20th century geologists counted four "major" ice ages. Nowadays several more are called "major". During these glaciations, much of the world we know was covered by ice: North America down to and past the Great Lakes; all of northern Russia, and Europe; England down to the Thames.
Many animals that lived then have become extinct. Climate change and hunting by humans were responsible. Many of the mammals were larger cold-adapted versions of animals that live now. Glyptodon was something like a giant armadillo. Mammoths were a species of elephant in the ice age. Their popular name of woolly mammoth suggests the long hair which was an adaptation to the cold. 

Ancient human species lived during the Pleistocene. In Europe and Asia the large-brained Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) lived until about 30,000 years ago. Modern man did not descend from Neanderthals, but originated in Africa from another branch of the genus.

Related pages 
 Ice age
 Global warming
 Human evolution
 Human timeline
 Palaeolithic

References 

Cainozoic
Ancient history
Early life and reign 
Louis was born at Versailles on 15 February 1710, the son of Louis, Dauphin of France and his mother Marie Adélaïde of Savoy. Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, governed as regent until Louis reached his legal majority in 1723. In 1725 the king married Maria Leszczyńska, daughter of Stanisław I of Poland. The following year his former tutor, André Hercule de Fleury, became the chief minister. Fleury gave France a stable administration until his death 17 years later. Thereafter Louis himself was in nominal control, but he took only a sporadic interest in government and never followed any consistent policy at home or abroad. He was frequently influenced by his mistresses, the most powerful of whom was the marquise de Pompadour.
France was involved in three wars during Louis's reign. As a result of the first, the War of the Polish Succession (1733-35), France gained the province of Lorraine. The second, the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48), which marked the beginning of a colonial struggle with Britain, was indecisive. In the last, the Seven Years' War (1756-63), France, crippled by corruption and mismanagement, lost most of its overseas possessions to the British. French foreign policy in this period was made chaotic by Louis's “secret diplomacy,” as his agents in other countries sometimes pursued aims that were in conflict with those of his own ministers. The situation improved somewhat in the 1760s, when a new minister, the duc de Choiseul, restored some order to the government and tried to repair the damage done by the Seven Years' War. In the last years of his reign, Louis cooperated with his chancellor, René de Maupeou, in an effort to reform the country's inequitable and inefficient system of taxation
. In 1771 the parlements, or sovereign courts, which had opposed reform, were reorganized and stripped of their power to obstruct royal decrees. Measures were then implemented to tax the previously exempt nobility and clergy, but these were reversed after the king's death at Versailles on 10 May 1774. Louis XV died of smallpox as a defeated and unpopular king. He was succeeded by his grandson, Louis XVI, who was later guillotined during the French Revolution.
Children
Louise Élisabeth of France (14 August 1727 – 6 December 1759) married Philip, Duke of Parma and had issue.
Henriette of France (14 August 1727 – 10 February 1752) died unmarried.
Louise of France (28 July 1728 – 19 February 1733) died in childhood.
Louis, Dauphin of France (4 September 1729 – 20 December 1765) married Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain; had issue then married Marie Josèphe of Saxony and had issue.
Philippe of France, Duke of Anjou (30 August 1730 – 17 April 1733) died in childhood.
Marie Adélaïde of France (23 March 1732 – 27 February 1800) died unmarried.
Victoire of France (11 May 1733 – 7 June 1799) died unmarried.
Sophie of France (17 July 1734 – 3 March 1782) died unmarried.
Stillborn Child  (28 March 1735 – 28 March 1735).
Thérèse of France (16 May 1736 – 28 September 1744) died in childhood.
Louise Marie of France (5 July 1737 – 23 December 1787) was a nun.
1710 births
1774 deaths
Dauphins and Dauphines of France
Deaths from smallpox
House of Bourbon
Infectious disease deaths in France
Kings and Queens of France
People from Versailles
Princes of Andorra
Dr. Richard Alpert (April 6, 1931 – December 22, 2019), also known as Baba Ram Dass, was a spiritual teacher. He was the writer of Be Here Now, the bestseller book of 1971.

In the 1960s, professors Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert collaborated on a book titled The Psychedelic Experience, which adapted portions of the Tibetan Book of the Dead as a guide for use in LSD experiences. They hoped to give users of LSD a simulation of death and rebirth, to "liberate" them from past problems or mistakes in their lives. 

Dass died on December 22, 2019 in Maui, Hawaii at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Educators from Boston
Writers from Boston
The word psychedelic is a word invented in the 20th century by joining the Greek words for "mind," ψυχή (psyche), and "manifest," δήλος (delos).

A person in a "psychedelic state" is supposed to be able to feel new ways of looking at his mind that were unknown to him before. This can be caused by taking psychedelic drugs, like LSD. In medicine, the new feelings a patient has when he is in psychedelic state are called hallucinations and synesthesia; these are also seen in patients with psychosis.

Related pages
Psychedelic art
Psychedelic rock

Psychoactive drugs
Ice age could mean:

Ice age, a period of lower temperatures, resulting in an expansion of ice sheets and glaciers
Pleistocene, the last ice age, from 1.81 million to 11,550 years before the present
Wisconsin glaciation, refers to the world's last glaciations of the last ice age, from about 72,000 to 11,550 years before the present
Ice Age (movie), a computer-animated movie released in 2002
Ice Age: The Meltdown, the sequel released in 2006
Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs, the second sequel released in 2009
Ice Age: Continental Drift, the third sequel released in 2012
Ice Age: Collision Course, the fourth sequel released in 2016
Ice Age Entertainment, a record label
Ice Age, an expansion set released in 1995 for the collectible card game, Magic: The Gathering
Rugby union is a ball sport. Two teams of 15 players play against each other. The ball used is oval in shape. The field is a rectangle shape. It is 100 metres long and 70 meters wide. At the ends of the field are two H-shaped goal-posts which you have to score next to or underneath. 

The game is played for 80 minutes in two 40-minute halves but there is an overtime if it goes on long enough.

Point Scoring 
A try is scored when a player 'scores'. A try is worth 5 points. To score a try the player must put down the ball in the 'try area'. The try area is behind the goal-posts. 

Once a try has been scored, the team has a chance to score extra points. The goal kicker kicks the ball towards the goal-posts. The ball must pass between the two upright goal-posts and above the cross-piece. If it does, the team is awarded 2 additional points. This act is known as a 'conversion'.
Another method of scoring points is through penalties. When a team breaks the rules, the referee may award a penalty. The goal-kicker kicks towards the goal-posts. The ball must pass between the two upright goal-posts and above the cross-piece. If it does, the team is awarded 3 points and at the end all the points add up and the team with the most points is the winner. 

During play, the goal-kicker can also attempt a 'drop-goal'. The goal-kicker kicks towards the goal-posts. The ball must pass between the two upright goal-posts and above the cross-piece. If it does, the team is awarded 3 points.

Scrums 
A scrum is when the two teams push together. If you are in the scrum you are a prop, hooker, flanker, second row, or 8-man.

Numbers and Positions 

Forwards

1 : Loose head prop

2 : Hooker 

3 : Tight head prop

4 : Lock / Second row

5 : Lock / Second row

6 : Blind side flanker / blind-side wing-forward

7 : Open side flanker / open-side wing-forward
 
8 : Number 8

Backs

9 : Scrum-half (or half-back)
10 : Fly half/outside-half/outhalf (or first-five-eighth)

11 : Left-wing

12 : Inside centre (or second-five-eighth)

13 : Outside centre

14 : Right-wing

15 : Fullback 

The players in the back positions are usually smaller, faster and more skilful at kicking and passing. If you are a prop or a hooker you need to be heavy and strong as you play in the front row if there is a scrum. Flankers and locks are often tall and powerful and are used to win the ball in a lineout.

Rules 

The laws of Rugby Union whilst difficult at first are easy to pick up.

The key rule to rugby union play is that the person who is carrying the ball at any time cannot pass the ball to a teammate who is closer to the opposition goal line. The ball must always be passed sideways or backwards.