Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Course
The Gave de Pau starts in the Cirque de Gavarnie, in the Parc national des Pyrénées ("Pyrénées National Park"), in the commune of Gavarnie, Hautes-Pyrénées department, at an altitude of about . The upper part of the river is known as Gave de Gavarnie; the name Gave de Pau is given to the river after the Gave de Gavarnie joins the Bastan river at Luz-Saint-Sauveur.

The Gave de Pau receives its main tributary, the Gave d'Oloron, in Peyrehorade and, from there, it is named as Gaves Réunis (United Gaves). Finally, it flows, as a left tributary, into the river Adour in the Landes department, at about  of altitude.
 
The Gave de Pau flows through 90 communes. It passes through the following regions, departments and communes:

 Occitanie region
 Hautes-Pyrénées: Gavarnie, Luz-Saint-Sauveur, Pierrefitte-Nestalas, Argelès-Gazost, Lourdes, Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Pyrénées-Atlantiques: Lestelle-Bétharram, Coarraze, Nay, Pau, Artix, Orthez
 Landes: Labatut
Main tributaries 
The tributaries of Gave de Pau with a length greater than  are:
 Left tributaries
 Ouzom - 33.2 km;
 Baïse - 40.6 km;
 Gave d'Azun - 29.1 km;
 Laâ - 29.5 km;
 Right tributaries
 Ousse - 42.4 km;
 Ousse des Bois - 32.3 km;
 Gave d'Oloron - 148.2 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station Q5501010 - Le Gave de Pau à Berenx  

Rivers of Occitanie
Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Virgin Australia is a large Australian airline. It started in 2000. From 2000 until 2011, the airline was called Virgin Blue. Virgin Australia flies as both a full-service airline and a low-cost airline, like Ryanair or Southwest Airlines. As of 2016, the airline has a fleet of 108 airplanes and flies to Australia, Fiji, Indonesia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, the United States, the United Arab Emirates and Vanuatu. Virgin Australia is Australia's second largest airline. It is the main competitor for Jetstar Airways and Qantas. In 2014, Virgin Australia bought Tigerair Australia. Virgin Australia became bankrupt in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic and was bought by Bain Capital in June 2020.

Gallery

References

Notes

Australia
Airlines of Australia
Maiduguri, also called Yerwa, is the capital and the largest city of Borno State in north-eastern Nigeria. As of 2007, 1,197,497 people live in the city. Maiduguri was founded in 1907 as a military outpost by the British. The Islamist group Boko Haram was founded in Maiduguri in 2002. Since it began its insurgency in 2009, the city has been target of many terrorist attacks by the group.

References

1907 establishments in Africa
Cities in Nigeria
20th-century establishments in Nigeria
State capitals in Nigeria
Atlit Yam is an ancient neolithic village off of the coast of Atlit, Israel.

A study by Maria Pareschi of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Pisa says that a volcanic collapse of Mount Etna's Eastern flank which happened 8,500 years ago likely caused a 10-storey (40 m or 131 ft) megatsunami that hit and engulfed some of the Mediterranean coastal cities within hours. Scientists point to the sudden abandonment of the village around the same time as more evidence that the tsunami happened.

A stone semicircle was found which contains seven 600-kilogram (1,320 lb) megaliths. There are cup marks carved into the stones and the stones are around a freshwater spring. It is suggested that it was used for a water ritual. In 2008, there were skeletons of a woman and child found, which revealed the earliest known cases of tuberculosis.

References

Archaeological sites in Israel
Haifa District
Stone circles
7th millennium BC buildings and structures
"Red Red Wine" is a pop ballad. It was originally recorded by Neil Diamond. His version reached #62 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1968. The single is about a person drinking red wine to forget his problems. 

The song was covered by UB40 in August 1983. It peaked at #1 in 1984 in United Kingdom and at #34 in the United States.

It was released again in 1988 in the United States. That time, it hit #1.

References

1968 songs
Neil Diamond songs
Pop songs
Songs about drugs
UB40 songs
Mace Windu  is a fictional character in the Star Wars series. 
He was  portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson as a Jedi Master in the prequel movies. He was Master of the High Council of the Jedi in episodes I to III. He appears in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones, and Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. He also appears in the computer and television versions of the movies. 

In  Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, Windu is betrayed by Anakin Skywalker, and killed by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine.

Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Star Wars characters
Aer Lingus is Ireland's national airline. It is the second largest Irish airline after its main competitor, Ryanair. Aer Lingus means Air Fleet in the Celtic languages.

The airline began flying in April 1936. At that time, it had only one aircraft. It flew between Dublin and Bristol. As of 2015, the airline has almost 50 airplanes. It flies to about 70 airports in Europe and North America.

Gallery

References 

Airlines of Europe
1936 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
IATA members
No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls is the first studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls was released on March 19, 2002 through both Atlantic and Lava.

The album debuted at #35 on the Billboard 200 and at #8 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA.

The album featured the singles "I'm Just a Kid", "I'd Do Anything", "Addicted", and "Perfect".

Songs

References

Other websites

2002 albums
Debut albums
Simple Plan albums
The Government of Ontario is the provincial government of Ontario, Canada. There are several parts of Ontario's government. The Queen of Canada, Elizabeth II, is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is a unicameral body with 107 members. A cabinet, called the Executive Council of Ontario, is formed from members of the Assembly, usually from the largest party. The cabinet is headed by the Premier of Ontario.

The current premier is Doug Ford.

Government of Ontario
The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the legislature of the province of Ontario, Canada. It has the second largest number of members out of the provincial legislatures of Canada. It meets at the Ontario Legislative Building in Toronto, the provincial capital.

The Assembly was created in 1867 by the British North America Act. The Assembly is unicameral, meaning there is no upper house. There are 124 members of the assembly, who are called Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Each member is elected from one electoral district. The party with the most members gets to choose the Premier of Ontario, who leads the government, and the Executive Council of Ontario, which is the cabinet. The leader of the second largest party in the assembly becomes the Leader of the Opposition.

The current assembly was elected in the 2018 Ontario general election. The members that were elected are part of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario.
Seat distribution
The following table shows how many seats each political party has in the legislature.

References

Government of Ontario
Ontario
Unicameral legislatures
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)  is a space telescope launched by NASA on July 23, 1999. 

Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope. This is done by the high angular resolution of its mirrors. Since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs the vast majority of X-rays, Earth-based telescopes cannot detect them. Space-based telescopes are needed to make these observations. Chandra is an Earth satellite in a 64-hour orbit, and its mission is ongoing as of 2021.

Chandra is one of the Great Observatories, with the Hubble Space Telescope, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (1991–2000), and the Spitzer Space Telescope.  The telescope is named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

References 

Space telescopes
Austrian Airlines is the largest airline of Austria. Its main hub is the Vienna International Airport. It was founded on May 3, 1923.  Austrian bought its first jet aircraft in 1963. Austrian joined the Star Alliance on March 26, 2000.  The Government of Austria sold the airline in 2008. Lufthansa bought Austrian Airlines in 2009.  In April 2015, Austrian Airlines was combined with Tyrolean Airways. 

On 17 March 2020, the airline temporarily blocks work as a result of the COVID-19.

Gallery

References

1957 establishments in Europe
Airlines of Europe
Transport in Austria
Companies of Austria
Star Alliance
IATA members
Miami International Airport (MIA) is the largest airport in passenger and size terms in the US state of Florida. It's historic name was Wilcox Field.

The airport is one of the busiest airports in the United States. This is mainly because of Miami's closeness to all of Florida's tourist attractions, the city's economic activity, and its large Latin American and European population.
Airlines
These airlines fly to and from Miami:  
Aeroflot
Aerolíneas Argentinas
Aeroméxico
Air Canada
Air Europa
Air France
Alitalia
American Airlines
Aruba Airlines
Austrian Airlines
Avianca
Avior Airlines
Bahamasair
Boliviana de Aviacion
British Airways
Canadian North
Caribbean Airlines
Cayman Airlines
Copa Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Delta Connection
Eastern Air Lines
Finnair
Frontier Airlines
Gol Airlines
Iberia Airlines
Insel Air
Interjet
Jetairfly
LAN Airlines
LATAM Airlines Brasil
Lufthansa
Qatar Airways
SBA Airlines
Scandinavian Airlines 
Sun Country Airlines
Surinam Airways
SWISS
TAP Portugal
Thomas Cook Airlines
TUI Airlines
Turkish Airlines 
United Airlines
Virgin Atlantic Airways
VivaColombia 
WestJet
XL Airways France

Gallery

References

Airports in Florida
Buildings and structures in Miami
Pan American World Airways, or Pan Am, was once the largest airline of the USA. The crash of Pan Am Flight 103 and several other factors led to the airline to stop flying in 1991.

History
Pan Am was founded in 1926. Its first flights were from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba. During the 1920s and 1930s, Pan Am bought several smaller airlines in Central America and South America. These were bought to help Pan Am expand its flights throughout The Americas. Pan Am became the first airline to circumnavigate the world in 1942. By the 1950s, Pan Am had several larger airplanes like the Boeing 377, Douglas DC-6 and the Lockheed Constellation. It went to cities all across the world. In 1959, Pan Am bought its first jet - the Boeing 707. In 1970, Pan Am introduced its first widebody jet - the Boeing 747.
In 1980, Pan Am was combined with National Airlines. This was because Pan Am wanted to fly domestic flights and the government didn't allow it. When Pan Am bought National, it could finally fly domestically. In the 1980s, Pan Am started having many financial problems, having paid too much to buy National Airlines. Pan Am also spent too much money on the new Boeing 747s. The Gulf War of 1990 also caused many problems with Pan Am's transatlantic flights. Pan Am declared bankruptcy in January 1991. Delta Air Lines bought small parts of Pan Am and tried to help it. However, on December 4, 1991 Pan Am stopped flying due to the big financial problems. United Airlines got many of Pan Am's old flights. American Airlines got Pan Am's Miami hub. Pan Am was resurrected twice in 1996 and 1998.

References

Other websites
Pan Am Museum Foundation YouTube
Airlines of the United States
Companies based in Miami
Companies based in New York City
1927 establishments in the United States
1991 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
The Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU; ) was the secret police of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1934. It was after the Cheka and before the NKVD. Its official name was  the Joint State Political Directorate. 

The OGPU was theoretically supposed to operate with more restraint than the original Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka. The OGPU's powers were greatly increased in 1926, when the Soviet criminal code was amended to include a section on "anti-state terrorism". The law were vaguely written and very broadly interpreted. Even before then, it set up tribunals to try the most exceptional cases of terrorism, usually without calling any witnesses. In time, the OGPU's powers grew even greater than those of the Cheka.
Perhaps its most spectacular success was the Trust Operation of 1924–1925. OGPU agents contacted émigrés in western Europe and pretended to be on a large group working to overthrow the communist regime, known as the "Trust". Exiled Russians gave the Trust large sums of money and supplies, as did foreign intelligence agencies. The Trust finally succeeded in luring one of the leading anti-Communist operators, Sidney Reilly, into Russia to meet with the Trust. Once he was in Russia, he was captured and killed. It was a great propaganda success.

From 1927 to 1929, the OGPU engaged in intensive investigations of an opposition coup.  Stalin soon made a public decree that any and all opposition views should be considered dangerous and gave the GPU the authority to seek out hostile elements. There were many trials during Stalin's Five Year Plan.
The OGPU was responsible for the creation of the Gulag system. It also became the Soviet government's arm for the persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Greek Catholics, the Latin Catholics, Islam and other religious organizations. The OGPU was also the main secret police agency for the detection, arrest, and liquidation of anarchists and other dissident left-wing factions in the early Soviet Union.

The OGPU was merged into the newly created all-union People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) in July 1934. Its last change was into the more widely known Committee for State Security (KGB).

References 

Soviet intelligence agencies
Police
1922 establishments in the Soviet Union
1934 disestablishments
Copa Airlines is the national airline of Panama.

History

Copa Airlines was founded in 1947. Its first international flights began in the 1970s. They went to airports in Colombia, Costa Rica and Jamaica. 

In 1998, Copa Airlines began an agreement with Continental Airlines. Copa Airlines also changed its logo.

As of March 2015, the airline was flying almost 100 airplanes to 69 cities in the Americas.

Panama
Star Alliance
Airlines of North America
1947 establishments in North America
IATA members
Aeroflot is the national airline of the Russian Federation. It's one of the oldest airlines in the world. It has been flying for over a century.

History
Aeroflot began in 1923 in the Soviet Union. Much of Aeroflot's history was kept secret once the Cold War began and Aeroflot had to stop flying to the United States.

Throughout the 1960s, 70s and 80s, Aeroflot and many Eastern Bloc airlines suffered many air crashes due to old and poor Russian airplanes. Those were the only ones Aeroflot and those airlines could use. However, Aeroflot was the world's largest airline until the 1980s. After the Soviet Union ended in 1991, Aeroflot began modernizing its fleet and buying more Western airplanes, like the Airbus A300 and Boeing 767. By 1991, Aeroflot again started flying to the United States. Aeroflot is member of aviation alliance SkyTeam. As of 2021, Aeroflot was flying to 146 cities in 52 countries.

Fleet

References

1923 establishments in the Soviet Union
Companies of Russia
Airlines of  Russia
IATA members
Interjet was a low-cost airline based in Mexico begun in 2005. Mexico City International Airport is Interjet's hub. Interjet mainly flies Airbus A320 and Sukhoi Superjet airplanes from Mexico to the USA, Central America and South America.

In 2014, Interjet began an agreement with American Airlines and Iberia. As of December 2020 the CFO Erick Peña Bonola announced the suspension of all operations and from the IATA for its non-payment of debt, primarily from fuel costs. The airline's website is currently inactive, as reported by sources.

References 

2005 establishments in North America
Low-cost airlines
2000s establishments in Mexico

Airlines of Mexico
Avianca is the national and largest airline of Colombia. It is the second oldest airline in the world. It began flying in 1919. Avianca has grown to become one of the largest airlines in the Americas. It flies to 121 cities with over 140 airplanes. In 2009, TACA Airlines and Avianca were combined to create a single airline.

References

Other websites
 

Airlines of South America
Star Alliance
1919 establishments
1910s establishments in Colombia
IATA members
Companies of Colombia
Trans World Airlines (TWA) was one of the largest airlines of the United States. It stopped flying after it was bought by American Airlines in 2001, after many financial problems.

References

Gallery

Other Information

Airlines of the United States
1925 establishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in the United States
Companies based in Texas
Fort Worth, Texas
Eastern Air Lines was one of the largest airlines of the United States. It was founded by Eddie Rickenbacker in 1929. It stopped flying in 1991. Eastern was one of the Big Four airlines of the USA, along with American Airlines, United Airlines and TWA.

In 2015, Eastern relaunched flights.  The company merged with Swift Air in 2017 stating that, "the transaction is not a purchase of one certificate or merger of two certificates." Eastern's last flight was in September of 2017. Swift completed its asset purchase and all remaining Eastern aircraft were transferred to the Swift certificate. In September 2017 Eastern surrendered its certificate to the FAA. The Eastern name will be transferred to Dynamic International Airways, an airline co-owned by Swift ownership.

References

Gallery 

Airlines of the United States
1929 establishments in the United States
1991 disestablishments in the United States
2015 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Miami
Possibly could be added to
"Black Sabbath" is a song by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, written in 1969 and released on their self-titled first album. In 1970, the song appeared as an A-side on a four-track 12-inch single, with "The Wizard" also on the A-side and "Evil Woman" and "Sleeping Village" on the B-side, on the Philips Records label Vertigo. In Japan and the Philippines, a 7-inch single on the Philips label was released with "Evil Woman, Don't Play Your Games with Me" on the A-side and "Black Sabbath" on the B-side.
Ice-T sampled the song on his 1989 song "Shut Up, Be Happy" and his 1991 song "Midnight". Other musicians have done covers of this song. One of them was Beth Gibbons of Portishead.
History
According to the band, the song was inspired by an experience that bassist Geezer Butler had in the days of Earth. Butler had recently become obsessed with the occult,so he painted his apartment matte black and placed several inverted crucifixes and pictures of Satan on the walls. Ozzy Osbourne gave Butler a black occult book as a gift. It was written in Latin and decorated with numerous pictures of Satan. Butler read the book and then placed it on a shelf beside his bed before going to sleep. When he woke up, he claims he saw a large black figure standing at the end of his bed, staring at him. The figure vanished and Butler ran to the shelf where he had placed the book earlier, but the book was gone. Butler related this story to Osbourne, who then wrote the lyrics to the song based on Butler's experience. The song starts with the lyrics:

What is this that stands before me?"

"Figure in black which points at me.
A version of this song from Black Sabbath's first demo exists on the Ozzy Osbourne compilation album The Ozzman Cometh. The song has an extra verse with additional vocals before the bridge. The guitar and bass are tuned down one whole step, resulting in the key position of A being played on the fretboard, but having the pitch as G (octave - D flat) to the listener.  It's one of the band's most frequently performed tracks, being featured on every single tour of their career.

References

Rock songs
1970 songs
Black Sabbath songs
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. There are about 385.5 million people who speak these languages. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian people of the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. There are a smaller number in continental Asia. Malagasy is spoken on the island of Madagascar. Part of the language family shows a strong influence of Sanskrit and Arabic as the western part of the region has many followers of Buddhism, Hinduism, and, since the 10th century, Islam.

References 

Austronesian languages
The Ohio Players were a funk and R&B band from the United States. The group formed in 1959. They were best known for the songs "Fire", "Funky Worm" and "Love Rollercoaster". This group was most popular in the 1970s. They were from Dayton, Ohio.

The group's first big song was "Funky Worm". The song hit the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also hit #1 on the Billboard R&B chart.

They had seven Top 40 songs between 1973 and 1976. The songs included "Fire" in 1975 and "Love Rollercoaster" in 1976.

References

American R&B bands
Musicians from Dayton, Ohio
1959 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Ohio
Still Not Getting Any... is the second studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. Still Not Getting Any... was released on October 26, 2004 through both Atlantic and Lava.

The album peaked at #3 on the Billboard 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, selling one million copies.

The album featured the singles "Welcome to My Life", "Shut Up!", "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)", and "Crazy".

Songs

References

Other websites

2004 albums
Simple Plan albums
Balas y Chocolate () is the eighth studio album by Mexican latin singer Lila Downs. Released on March 24, 2015. It was going to be much darker than her earlier material, though it became an upbeat electronic-folk inspired album. The album features collaborations from Juan Gabriel and Juanes.  It reached the top of the charts in Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Spain and the United States. It also reached the top ten in other major markets.

Track listing

References

Other websites

Balas y Chocolate on iTunes.

2015 albums
Lila Downs albums
The prisoner's dilemma is a paradox  about co-operation. It shows why two "rational" individuals might not co-operate, even if it seems in their best interests. It is studied in game theory.

Game structure

Setup 
The police catch two criminals after they committed a crime. The police do not know which person committed the crime and which person just helped. They question the two in separate cells. Each prisoner can either stay silent or betray (hurt) the other by blaming the crime on them. If both stay silent, they only go to jail for 2 years. If one betrays and the other stays silent, the one that stays silent goes to jail for 10 years and the other one does not go to jail at all. If they both betray each other, they each go to jail for 5 years. No matter what happens, the prisoners will never see each other again.
Strategies 
If you are a prisoner in this situation and you care only about yourself, the way to get the smallest sentence is to betray the other prisoner. No matter what, you get a shorter sentence when you betray than when you do not.

If the other prisoner stays silent and does not betray, then betraying means you do not go to jail at all instead of going to jail for 6 months.

If the other prisoner betrays, then betraying lets you go to jail for 5 years instead of 10 years. In other words, it's always best for you to betray, even though the two of you would be better off if you both stayed silent. Betraying the other prisoner is your "dominant strategy" because it is always the best thing for you to do, no matter what the other prisoner does.

The prisoner's dilemma does not have same result if some of the details are different.

Game theory was much studied during the Cold War period. In that case the "players" being studied were the United States and the Soviet Union.

References 

Logical paradoxes
Seguridad Social is a Spanish rock music band from Benetússer, Valencia. It was founded in 1982 by José Manuel Casany (also Casañ) (vocalist) and Santiago Serrano (guitar).

Casany met him when he was a member of Paranoicos. After that Serrano left his former band and joined to his friend's group. However they stopped their music career due their military services. Before leaving to go into the armed forces, they signed a contract with Citra label. One year later both returned to the band.

In 1984 Seguridad Social released its first LP: El desconcierto.

The 90's were a big change for the band. Most of its members left Seguridad Social. They were replaced by Javi Vela (guitar/vocalist), Alex Olías (bass/vocalist) and Rafa Villalba (drummer).

Members

Former members 
 Rafa Montañana - Drummer
 Arístides Abreu - Guitar
 Alberto Tarín - Guitar
 Santiago Serrano - Guitar
 Javier Forment - Drummer
 Emilio Docena - Bass
 Julián Nemesio - Drummer
 José Antonio Cuesta - Bass
Currently members 
 José Manuel Casany (also known as Casañ) - Vocalist
 Javi Vela - Guitar/Vocalist
 Alex Olías - Bass/Vocalist
 Rafa Villalba - Drummer

Discography

Studio albums 
 1985 - Solo para locos
 1987 - La explosión de los pastelitos de merengue
 1988 - Vino, tabaco y caramelos
 1990 - Introglicerina
 1991 - ¡Que no se extinga la llama!
 1993 - Furia latina
 1995 - Un beso y una flor
 1997 - En la boca del volcán
 1999 - Camino vertical
 2000 - Va por ti
 2003 - Otros mares
 2005 - Puerto escondido
 2009 - Clásicos del futuro. 2 CD
 2011 - El mundo al día en 80 vueltas

Compilation albums 
 2002 - Grandes éxitos. Gracias por las molestias. CD + DVD
 2007 - 25 años de Rock & Roll. 2 CD + DVD

In live 
 1984 - En desconcierto
 1994 - Compromiso de amor. 2 CD
 2013-  Por siempre jamás (30 años de Seguridad Social). CD + DVD

References

Other websites
Official website

Spanish musical groups
Rock musicians
1982 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Spain
Cædmon's Hymn is a short Old English poem originally composed by Cædmon. It was about God. It survives in a Latin translation by Bede in his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum and in other dialects written down in several manuscripts of Bede's Historia. Bede wrote about the poet and his work in the fourth book of his Historia.
Bede told the story of Cædmon who was an illiterate cow-herder who was suddenly able to recite a Christian song of creation in Old English verse. This miracle happened after Cædmon left a feast when they were passing a harp around for all to sing a song. He left the hall after feeling ashamed that he could not contribute a song. Later in a dream he said a man appeared to him and asked him to sing a song. Cædmon responded that he could not sing. But the man told him that he could and asked him to “Sing to me the beginning of all things.”  Cædmon was then able to sing verses and words that he had not heard of before. Cædmon then reported his experience first to a steward then to Hild the abbess. She invited scholars to evaluate Cædmon’s gift. Cædmon was sent home to turn more divine doctrine into song. The abbess was so impressed with the success of his gift that she told him to become a monk. Cædmon lived a long and very productive life as a monk. He created songs from all kinds of Church history and doctrine
Choral settings of Caedmon's Hymn 
The text has been set to music by a number of composers of choral music. Graham Keitch used Bede's translation for a motet which was commissioned to mark the 1100th anniversary of the death of the Anglo Saxon queen, Aethelflaed. It was first sung during the commemorative Evensong for Queen Aethelflaed which took place in Gloucester Cathedral, June 12th 2018.

Translated text 

 Old English
 nu scylun hergan  hefaenricaes uard
 metudæs maecti  end his modgidanc
 uerc uuldurfadur  swe he uundra gihwaes
 eci dryctin  or astelidæ
 he aerist scop  aelda barnum
 heben til hrofe  haleg scepen.
 tha middungeard  moncynnæs uard
 eci dryctin   æfter tiadæ
 firum foldu  frea allmectig
Latin (Bede)
 Nunc laudare debemus auctorem regni caelestis,
 potentiam creatoris, et consilium illius
 facta Patris gloriae: quomodo ille,
 cum sit aeternus Deus, omnium miraculorum auctor exstitit;
 qui primo filiis hominum
 caelum pro culmine tecti
 dehinc terram custos humani generis
 creavit.
 omnipotens

 Modern English translation
 Now [we] must honour the guardian of heaven,
 the might of the architect, and his purpose,
 the work of the father of glory
 as he, the eternal lord, established the beginning of wonders;
 he first created for the children of men
 heaven as a roof, the holy creator
 Then the guardian of mankind,
 the eternal lord, afterwards appointed the middle earth,
 the lands for men, the Lord almighty.

References

Other websites 
 CAEDMON'S HYMN, Washington State University

Christian hymns
Old English literature
Kingsville is a city in Texas. It is the county seat of Kleberg County in Texas. It was founded in 1904. The population was 26,312 in 2013. Kingsville has an area of .

History 
Kingsville was created in 1904.

Geography 
Kingsville has a total area of .

People 
Kingsville has 26,312 people living there.

Notes

Other websites
 City of Kingsville
 Kingsville Visitors Center
 Kingsville Chamber of Commerce
 The King Ranch
 Texas A&M University Kingsville
 Kleberg County Airport 

1904 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Texas
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
When a lower court judgement is filed, the losing party (appellant) must file a notice of appeal. The appellant must give the appeals court legal reasons for reversing the decision of the lower court. Usually the legal argument includes legal precedents that relate to this case. The other party, called a respondent or appellee files a brief that counters the claims of the appellant. In turn, the appellant may counter the response of the appellee with a final brief. Then, if the appeals court agrees to hear the case each party argues their case before the court. The appeals court may sustain the original court ruling. They may also reverse the decision sending it back to the lower court. No new evidence is introduced in an appeals court.

References 

Law
Legal terms
Philip Parris "Phil" Lynott (20 August 1949 – 4 January 1986) was an Irish musician. He was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England and raised in Dublin, Ireland from age four. His mother was businesswoman Philomena Lynott. He was a bass guitar player and singer. He was the leader of the rock band Thin Lizzy.

Lynott started Thin Lizzy in 1969. He also made two solo albums in the early 1980s. Thin Lizzy were famous for their songs "The Boys Are Back in Town", "Waiting for an Alibi", "Whisky in the Jar" and "Jailbreak". Lynott also worked with Gary Moore.

Lynott had problems with drugs and alcohol in his final years. On 25 December 1985, he collapsed and went to a clinic in Wiltshire, England. He was diagnosed with septicaemia. He died of pneumonia and heart failure in Salisbury, Wiltshire on 4 January 1986. He was 36.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1949 births
1986 deaths
Bass guitarists
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from sepsis
Infectious disease deaths in England
Irish guitarists
Irish rock musicians
Irish singer-songwriters
Musicians from Dublin
Musicians from Staffordshire
Get Your Heart On! is the fourth studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. Get Your Heart On! was released on June 21, 2011 through both Atlantic and Lava. It was also released on 17 June 2011 in countries like Australia and the Netherlands.

The album peaked at #52 on the Billboard 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

The album featured the singles "Can't Keep My Hands off You", "Jet Lag", "Astronaut", and "Summer Paradise".

Songs

References

Other websites

2011 albums
Simple Plan albums
"Festival Song" is the fourth and last single single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's album Good Charlotte. The song was released in 2001. 

Joel Madden  of Good Charlotte said that the song was about the HFStival, which is a rock festival. He explained:
"I grew up coming to the HFStival. . . I wrote this song about being here, how we wanted to quit our jobs to be in a band. We have all our friends, the fans and the radio support right here."

References

Other websites

2001 songs
Good Charlotte songs
Mexicana de Aviacion was one of the largest airlines of Mexico. It was one of the oldest airlines in the world. It began flying in 1921. It stopped flying in August 2010.

History
Mexicana began in 1921 at Tampico. At first, it only carried mail. By the early 1930s, Mexicana was almost entirely owned by Pan American World Airways. In the late 1920s, Mexicana started flying to airports in Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador and Guatemala. Mexicana was also the first international airline to begin flights to Los Angeles International Airport.

By the 1960s, Mexicana's main competitor was Aeroméxico. Mexicana almost went into bankruptcy. Mexicana got its first Boeing 727 in 1969. However, two of its Boeing 727s crashed in 1969. The accidents killed some people.

In the 1990s, Aeroméxico and Mexicana formed an agreement. Mexicana started flying the Airbus A320 family in 1991.
Mexicana kept growing. It eventually became one of the largest airlines in North America. In August 2010, Mexicana filed for bankruptcy. The company ended a few weeks later. Mexicana has never flown since then.

References 

1921 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Mexico
2010 disestablishments in Mexico

Airlines of Mexico
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous is an American television series. The show ran from March 31, 1984 until September 2, 1995. It was created by Alfred M. "Al" Masini. The show featured the lifestyles of rich and famous celebrities.

The show was hosted by Robin Leach. After Leach was joined by Shari Belafonte in 1994, the show was renamed to Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte. The show ended with Leach's catchphrase "champagne wishes and caviar dreams." David Greenspan narrated most of the segments for the show's run and he could be heard narrating when Leach did not appear on camera.

References

Other websites

1984 American television series debuts
1995 American television series endings
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
First run syndicated television programs
ABC network series
Burlington Coat Factory is a coat factory/store/warehouse established in 1924. It was called "Burlington Coat/Fine Clothing Factory Warehouse for the Entire Family" in 1924-1984 and "The Original Burlington Coat Factory" in 1984-2011.

It is an American national off price retailer, with 523 stores in 44 states and Puerto Rico, with its corporate headquarters in Burlington Township, New Jersey.

Other websites

American clothing companies
1924 establishments in the United States
Companies based in New Jersey
Kuwait Airways is Kuwait's national airline. It began in 1954. It has grown very fast. It is one of the largest airlines in the Middle East. It flies to 42 cities in different countries.

Kuwait Airways has 22 aircraft (with 4 more on order). The average age of their aircraft is 17.4 years.

References 

Airlines of the Middle East

Organizations based in Kuwait
"Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous" is the first single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's second studio album, The Young and the Hopeless. The song was released in September 6, 2002.

On the Billboard charts, the song was able to peak at #20 on the Hot 100 and #6 on the Top 40 Mainstream.

In 2003, the song won a MTV Video Music Award for "Viewer's Choice". It was also the winner of a Kerrang! Award for Best Single.

References

Other websites

2002 songs
Good Charlotte songs
"The Anthem" is the second single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's second studio album, The Young and the Hopeless. The song was released in January 2003.

On the Billboard charts, the song was able to peak at #43 on the Hot 100 and #10 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks.

In 2004, the song won "Best Rock Video" at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan.

The song has appeared on the soundtracks to the video games Madden NFL 2003, Project Gotham Racing, Elite Beat Agents, and the North American release of Donkey Konga 2.

References

Other websites
"The Anthem" on YouTube

2003 songs
Good Charlotte songs
The IC 342/Maffei Group (also known as the IC 342 Group or the Maffei 1 Group) is the nearest group of galaxies to the Local Group.  The group is basically a binary group. The member galaxies are mostly concentrated around either IC 342 or Maffei 1, which are the brightest galaxies in the group.  

The group, and the Local Group, are in the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster).

References 

Galaxies
The Princess Bride is a 1987 American fantasy romance movie. It was directed and co-produced by Rob Reiner. The movie stars Cary Elwes, Robin Wright, Mandy Patinkin, Chris Sarandon, Wallace Shawn, André the Giant, and Christopher Guest. It is based on the  1973 novel of the same name by William Goldman. The movie tells the story of a farmhand named Westley who must rescue his true love Princess Buttercup from the evil Prince Humperdinck. The movie keeps the narrative style  of the book. It shows the story as a book being read by a grandfather (Peter Falk) to his sick grandson (Fred Savage).
The movie was first released in the United States on September 25, 1987. It was liked by critics at the time. The  movie was only a small success at the box office. Over time, it became a cult movie. The Princess Bride is said to be one of the best movies of 1987. It is number 50 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies", number 88 on The American Film Institute's (AFI) "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions" list of the 100 greatest movie love stories and number 46 on Channel 4's 50 Greatest Comedy Films list. In 2016, the movie was added to the National Film Registry/ It was said to be "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". It won the 1988 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.
Plot
A grandfather visits his grandson, who is sick and must stay at home. The grandfather reads him a story, and says it is full of fighting, torture, revenge, giants, monsters, chases, escapes, true love, and miracles. The grandson does not believe it will be good but agrees to try and stay awake, and sometimes interrupts as his grandfather tells the story. 

A beautiful young woman named Buttercup lives on a farm, in a land called Florin. Whenever she tells the farmhand Westley to do some work, he always does the work and his only answer is "As you wish." She eventually realizes that he truly means "I love you" and she realizes that she loves him too. He is poor and they do not have enough money to get married. He leaves to seek his fortune, but his ship is attacked by a famous pirate, the Dread Pirate Roberts, who is known for never taking prisoners, and Westley is believed dead.
The man in black catches up to the outlaws at the top of the Cliffs of Insanity. He defeats Inigo in a sword fight and knocks him unconscious. He wrestles the giant Fezzik, and put him to sleep using a choke hold. He outsmarts Vizzini, tricking him into drinking from a cup containing poison. He takes Buttercup prisoner and they flee. They stop to rest near the top of steep hill. Buttercup guesses that he is the famous Dread Pirate Roberts, and is angry with him for killing Westley. Buttercup sees Humperdinck and his soldier in the distance and pushes Roberts down the hill and wishes death upon him. As he tumbles down, he shouts, "As you wish!" Buttercup realizes Westley was pretending to be the Dread Pirate Roberts, and she throws herself down the hill after him and they are reunited. Westley explains the Dread Pirate Roberts is not one person, but a name passed on when the pirate wants to retire. They must pass through the dangerous Fire Swamp, and avoid hungry animals that live there
. They survive the fires and the rodents of unusual size (ROUS), but are captured as they leave by prince Humperdinck and his cruel assistant Count Rugen, who has six fingers on each hand. Buttercup agrees to return with Humperdinck in exchange for Westley's release. Humperdinck secretly orders Rugen to lock Westley in his torture chamber, the Pit of Despair.
When Buttercup expresses unhappiness at marrying Humperdinck, he promises to search for Westley. His real plan all along had been to start war with the neighboring country of Guilder by making it look like they had killed Buttercup. Meanwhile, Inigo and Fezzik reunite after Humperdinck orders the thieves arrested in the nearby forest, and Fezzik tells Inigo about Rugen. Inigo decides that they need Westley's help to get into the castle. Buttercup is sad and angry with Humperdinck when she learns that he has not tried to find Westley. Humperdinck locks Buttercup in her room, and tortures Westley to death. In the forest Inigo and Fezzik are able to hear Westley cry out in pain, as he dies. They find Westley's body and bring him to a folk healer, called Miracle Max. Max used to work for the king of Florin but was fired by Humperdinck, and at first says he cannot help but agrees because he does not like Humperdinck
. He discovers that Westley is not dead but only "mostly dead" because of his true love for Buttercup. Max brings Westley back to life, but Westley cannot move his body, and needs more time to recover.
After Westley, Inigo and Fezzik get inside the castle, Humperdinck is scared and tries to finish the wedding quickly. Inigo finds and Rugen the six-fingered man who killed his father. He fights him in a duel to the death, saying to him again and again: "Hello, my name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. Prepare to die." Westley finds Buttercup, who was about to kill herself, and tells her the marriage was not real because she never said "I do". Still unable to move, he wastes time and tells Humperdinck all the terrible things he will do to him if they fight. His bluff works and without fighting Humperdinck gives up. Together the leave the castle, Westley rides away with Buttercup, and Inigo and Fezzik. Westley and Buttercup share a kiss. 

The boy asks his grandfather to read the story to him again the next day, to which the grandfather replies, "As you wish."

References
References

1987 romantic comedy movies
1987 fantasy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American fantasy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic fantasy movies
1980s English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Rob Reiner
Movies about giants
Movies about weddings
Movies about royalty
Movies about princesses
Movies set in castles
Movies set in swamps
The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. Electromyography suggests that it is at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the central nervous system.

References 

Muscles
The grass snake (Natrix) is a non-venomous snake. It is often found near water and feeds almost exclusively on amphibia and lizards.

The grass snake is widely distributed in mainland Europe, from mid Scandinavia to southern Italy. It is also found in Middle East and northwestern Africa. 

There is a native species in Great Britain but it is  not Natrix natrix. It is Natrix helvetica the barred grass snake. The two subspecies were both called Natrix natrix until recently (2017).

Work by the Senckenberg Research Institute in Germany lead a study into the genetics of over 1,600 grass snakes.

References 

Colubrids
The smooth snake (Coronella austriaca). is found in Britain, where it lives only in southern heathlands.

It is a non-venomous colubrid species found in northern and central Europe, and as far east as northern Iran. In contrast to many other snakes, their scales are flat (not keeled). This gives the snake a smooth texture to the touch, from which it gets its common name.

The smooth snake feeds on smaller animals, especially other reptiles.  It subdues larger prey by constriction, although unlike true constrictors it does not actually kill by this method.  It reproduces by laying eggs, which are buried in sand in a warm place.

References 

Colubrids
Snakes of Asia
Reptiles of Europe
The Villa Castelli helicopter crash occurred on 9 March 2015 when two helicopters collided near Villa Castelli in north-west Argentina. All 10 people on board the two aircraft were killed.

Florence Arthaud, Camille Muffat and Alexis Vastine were passengers.

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2015
Transport in Argentina
2010s in Argentina
2015 in South America
Lynn Borden (March 24, 1937 – March 3, 2015) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as "Barbara Baxter" in the final season of the Shirley Booth sitcom Hazel, which aired on CBS from 1965 to 1966 though the program began in 1961 on NBC.

Borden was born in Detroit. She died of an illness in Encino, Los Angeles.

1937 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Detroit
American movie actors
American television actors
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Ernest Braun (9 March 1925 – 3 March 2015) was a British-Austrian scholar. He worked in technology policy and technology assessment.

References

Other websites
 E. Braun in the ISBN data base
 E. Braun on Google Scholar

1925 births
2015 deaths
British academics
British physicists
Scientists from Vienna
Austrian physicists
"Gimme Shelter" is a song by English rock band The Rolling Stones. It is the first song on their 1969 album, Let It Bleed. Merry Clayton sang for the song along with Mick Jagger. The song was released on 5 December 1969.

During a 1995 interview with Rolling Stone, Jagger said:

"Well, it's a very rough, very violent era. The Vietnam War. Violence on the screens, pillage and burning. And Vietnam was not war as we knew it in the conventional sense. The thing about Vietnam was that it wasn't like World War II, and it wasn't like Korea, and it wasn't like the Gulf War. It was a real nasty war, and people didn't like it. People objected, and people didn't want to fight it..."  As for the song itself, he concluded, "That's a kind of end-of-the-world song, really. It's apocalypse; the whole record's like that."

In 2004, the song was ranked #38 on "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list by Rolling Stone. It has also been ranked at #12 on "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s" list by Pitchfork Media.

References
References

Other websites

1969 songs
Hard rock songs
The Rolling Stones songs
Patti Smith songs
Jimmy Somerville songs
Dyan Cannon (born Samille Diane Friesen; January 4, 1937) is an American actress, director, screenwriter, editor, and producer. She was known for her role as Alice in Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice.

Other websites
 
 
 

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
1937 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
Actors from Tacoma, Washington
Writers from Tacoma, Washington
Ninan Koshy (; 1 February 1934 – 4 March 2015) was an Indian political thinker, foreign affairs expert, Christian theologian and social analyst. He was born in 1934 in Thiruvalla. He was a former director of the WCC's Commission of the Churches on International Affairs.

Koshy died in Thiruvananthapuram on 4 March 2015, aged 81.

References

1934 births
2015 deaths
Christian theologians
Politicians from Kerala
Indian Christians
Vladimir "Vlada" Divljan (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Дивљан; 10 May 1958 – 4 March 2015), was a Serbian singer and songwriter. He was known as the frontman for the Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band Idoli. He died from appendix cancer.

Other websites

 
  "Ludvig i Steva", interview, Vreme weekly news magazine
  YouTube
  VIS Idoli at YouTube

1958 births
2015 deaths
Serbian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Belgrade