Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1901  2000 
 1901 - Start of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
 1915 – The RMS Lusitania leaves New York City on what would become its final journey across the Atlantic Ocean. It is torpedoed and sunk off Ireland on May 7.
 1925 - The All-China Federation of Trade Unions is officially founded.
 1927 - The first cooked meals on a scheduled flight are introduced on an Imperial Airways flight from London to Paris.
 1929 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake strikes present-day Iran and Turkmenistan, killing 5,800 people.
 1930 – The dwarf planet Pluto is officially given its name.
 1931 – New York City's Empire State Building is opened.
 1933 - The Humanist Manifesto I is published.
 1940 - World War II: The 1940 Summer Olympics are cancelled because of the war.
 1941 - World War II: German forces launch a major attack on Tobruk, Libya.
 1941 - Orson Welles's movie Citizen Kane is released in cinemas.
 1945 – World War II: The Nazi leadership announces the death of Adolf Hitler the previous day.
1945 - World War II: Yugoslav partisans liberate the city of Trieste.
 1947 - Porta della Ginestra massacre against people in May Day celebrations in Sicily by bandit and separatist leader Salvatore Giuliano, killing 11 people and wounding 33.
 1948 – The North Korean state under Kim Il-Sung is founded.
 1950 – Guam becomes a US Commonwealth (a state that depends on the US).
 1956 – The Polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk is made available to the public.
 1956 - Minamata disease is first discovered in Japan.
 1957 - 34 people are killed when a Vickers Viking airliner crashes in Hampshire, southern England.
 1960 – U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is shot down over the Soviet Union, making an international incident.
 1960 - Formation of the western Indian states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
 1961 - Then-Prime Minister of Cuba Fidel Castro announces that Cuba is a Communist country, and a one-party state, without elections.
1977 – 36 people are killed in Taksim Square, Istanbul, during Labour Day demonstrations.
 1978 – Japan's Naomi Uemura, travelling by Dog Sled, reaches the North Pole on his own.
 1979 – Greenland gains autonomy (self government) from Denmark, with Jonathan Motzfeldt as Prime Minister.
 1982 – Opening of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee.
 1989 - Disney-MGM Studios opens at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida.
 1993 - President of Sri Lanka Ranasinghe Premadasa is killed by a suicide bomber in Colombo.
 1993 - Prime Minister of France Pierre Bérégovoy commits suicide.
 1994 – Formula 1 driver Ayrton Senna is killed in a crash at the San Marino Grand Prix.
 1995 – Croatian forces launch Operation Flash during the Croatian War of Independence.
 1997 – Tony Blair's Labour Party defeats John Major's Conservative Party in the United Kingdom General Election. Tony Blair therefore becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1999 – The remains of George Mallory are found on Mount Everest, almost 75 years after his disappearance.
 1999 – The show SpongeBob SquarePants airs for the first time.
From 2001 
 2003 – A magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes Eastern Turkey, killing 177 people.
 2004 – Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Cyprus and Malta join the EU. This is the biggest enlargement in the EU's history.
 2008 - Hangzhou Wen Daqiao Bridge is opened between Cixi and Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.
 2009 – Sweden allows Same-sex marriage.
 2011 – Osama bin Laden, leader of al-Qaeda, is captured and killed by US forces in Pakistan.
 2018 - Scotland introduces a new minimum price for alcohol.
 2019 - Naruhito becomes Emperor of Japan, succeeding his father Akihito; Japan's Reiwa period starts.

Births
Up to 1850 
 1218 – Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1291)
 1218 - John I, Count of Hainaut (d. 1257)
 1238 – King Magnus VI of Norway (d. 1280)
 1582 - Marco da Gagliano, Italian poet (d. 1641)
 1591 - Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German missionary and astronomer (d. 1666)
 1653 - Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne of Great Britain (d. 1708)
 1672 – Joseph Addison, English writer and essayist (d. 1719)
 1751 - Judith Sargent Murray, American poet, playwright, essayist and women's rights activist (d. 1820)
 1764 - Benjamin Henry Latrobe, English-American architect (d. 1820)
 1769 – Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (d. 1852)
 1814 - Prince Karl of Auersperg, Austro-Hungarian politician (d. 1890)
 1821 - Henry Ayers, 8th Premier of South Australia (d. 1897)
 1825 - Johann Jakob Balmer, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1898)
 1827 - Jules Breton, French painter (d. 1906)
 1829 – José de Alencar, Brazilian novelist (d. 1877)
 1830 - Guido Gezelle, Flemish poet (d. 1899)
1831 - Emily Stowe, Canadian physician and suffragist (d. 1903)
 1837 - Walter Hauser, Swiss politician (d. 1902)
 1850 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (d. 1942)
1851  1900 
 1852 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish doctor, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1934)
 1852 – Calamity Jane, American Wild West performer (d. 1903)
 1855 - Cecilia Beaux, American painter (d. 1942)
 1857 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch art dealer (d. 1891)
 1859 - Jacqueline Comerre-Paton, French artist (d. 1935)
 1862 – Marcel Prevost, French writer and dramatist (d. 1941)
 1864 – Anna Jarvis, founder of Mother's Day (d. 1948)
 1868 - Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (d. 1940)
 1871 - Seakle Greijdanus, Dutch theologian (d. 1948)
 1872 – Sidónio Pais, Portuguese military leader and politician (d. 1918)
 1872 - Hugo Alfvén, Swedish composer and conductor (d. 1960)
 1874 - Romaine Brooks, American painter and sculptor (d. 1970)
 1881 - Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, French philosopher (d. 1955)
 1881 - John Svanberg, Swedish long-distance runner (d. 1957)
 1884 - Francis Curzon, 5th Earl of Howe, British naval officer and racing driver (d. 1964)
1885 - Ralph Stockpole, American sculptor and painter (d. 1973)
 1887 - Vincenzo Cardarelli, Italian journalist and writer (d. 1959)
 1888 - John Francis O'Hara, American cardinal (d. 1962)
 1896 - J. Lawton Collins, American general (d. 1987)
 1896 - Herbert Backe, German Nazi politician (d. 1947)
 1898 - Eugene R. Black, Sr., 3rd President of the World Bank (d. 1992)
 1899 – Jón Leifs, Icelandic composer (d. 1968)
 1900 - Ignazio Silone, Italian writer and politician (d. 1978)
1901  1950 
 1905 - Henry Koster, German-American director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1988)
 1907 – Kate Smith, American singer (d. 1986)
 1908 – Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist (d. 1968)
 1909 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (d. 1990)
 1913 - Balraj Sahni, Indian actor (d. 1973)
 1913 – Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
 1914 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
 1915 - Archie Williams, American sprinter (d. 1993)
 1915 – Hanns Martin Schleyer, German business executive (d. 1977)
 1916 – Glenn Ford, Canadian-American actor (d. 2006)
 1916 - Rong Yiren, Chinese politician (d. 2005)
 1917 – Danielle Darrieux, French singer and actress (d. 2017)
 1917 - Wendy Toye, English actress (d. 2010)
 1918 - Jack Paar, American writer and television and radio host (d. 2004)
 1919 - Dan O'Herlihy, Irish actor (d. 2005)
 1919 - Mohammed Karim Lamrani, former Prime Minister of Morocco (d. 2018)
 1919 - Manna Dey, Indian playback singer (d. 2013)
1923 - Frank Brian, American basketball player (d. 2017)
 1923 - Billy Steel, Scottish footballer (d. 1982)
 1924 – Terry Southern, American screenwriter (d. 1995)
 1924 – Art Fleming, American game show host (d. 1995)
 1924 - Evelyn Boyd Granville, American mathematician and educator
 1924 – Grégoire Kayibanda, 1st President of Rwanda (d. 1976)
 1925 - Scott Carpenter, American astronaut, pilot and aquanaut (d. 2013)
 1925 - Chuck Bednarik, American football player (d. 2015)
 1925 - Gabriele Amorth, Italian priest and exorcist (d. 2016)
 1926 - Doug Cowie, Scottish footballer
 1926 - Peter Lax, Hungarian-American mathematician
 1927 - Mustafa Nurul Islam, Bangladeshi academic (d. 2018)
 1927 - Laura Betti, Italian actress (d. 2004)
 1927 - Walter Zeman, Austrian footballer (d. 1991)
 1928 – Desmond Titterington, Northern Irish racing driver (d. 1972)
 1929 – Ralf Dahrendorf, German-born sociologist and politician (d. 2009)
 1930 – Little Walter, American singer (d. 1968)
1930 - Richard Riordan, former Mayor of Los Angeles
 1930 - Ollie Matson, American football player (d. 2011)
 1932 - Sandy Woodward, British admiral (d. 2013)
 1934 - Cuauhtémoc Cardenas, Mexican politician
 1936 - Hasse Wallman, Swedish entrepreneur, composer, director, writer and producer (d. 2014)
 1937 - Una Stubbs, English actress and dancer
 1937 - Bo Nilsson, Swedish composer and songwriter
 1939 – Judy Collins, American singer
 1939 - Rosy Armen, French singer
 1940 - Fakhruddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi economist and politician
 1941 - Asil Nadir, Turkish-Cypriot businessman
 1943 - Joe Walsh, Irish politician (d. 2014)
 1944 - Costa Cordalis, Greek-German singer
 1945 – Rita Coolidge, American singer
 1946 – Joanna Lumley, English actress
 1946 - John Woo, Chinese movie director
 1950 - Danny McGrain, Scottish footballer
1951  1975 
 1951 - Antony Worrall Thompson, English chef and broadcaster
 1954 - Ray Parker Jr., American singer, musician and actor
 1956 - Catherine Frot, French actress
 1957 - Uberto Pasolini, Italian movie producer, director and investment banker
 1959 – Yasmina Reza, French actress, writer and playwright
 1960 - Bart Chilton, American civil servant (d. 2019)
 1961 - Clint Malarchuk, Canadian ice hockey player
 1961 - Timna Brauer, Austrian-Israeli singer
 1962 – Maia Morgenstern, Romanian actress
 1962 - Ted Sundquist, American football player, coach and manager
 1964 – Lady Sarah Chatto, member of the extended British royal family
 1964 - Yvonne van Gennip, Dutch speed skater
 1965 - Todd Spikes, American former police officer and convicted sex offender
 1966 – Olaf Thon, German footballer
 1967 – Tim McGraw, American singer
 1968 – Oliver Bierhoff, German footballer
 1968 – D'arcy Wretzky, American musician
 1968 - Johnny Colt, American bass guitarist
1969 – Wes Anderson, American director and writer
 1969 - Mary Lou McDonald, Irish politician, leader of Sinn Féin
 1973 – Oliver Neuville, German footballer
 1974 - Lornah Kiplagat, Kenyan-Dutch runner
 1975 – Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroon footballer (d. 2003)
 1975 – Alexey Smertin, Russian footballer
 1975 - Nina Hossain, English journalist
From 1976 
 1976 - Violante Placido, Italian actress and singer
 1979 – Mauro Bergamasco, Italian rugby player
 1979 - Lars Berger, Norwegian biathlete
 1979 - Pauli Rantasalmi, Finnish musician
 1980 – Zaz, French singer
 1980 - Jay Reatard, American rock musician (d. 2010)
 1981 – Aliaksandr Hleb, Belarussian footballer
 1981 - Derek Asamoah, Ghanaian footballer
 1981 - Manny Acosta, Panamanian baseball player
 1982 – Darijo Srna, Croatian footballer
 1982 – Tommy Robredo, Spanish tennis player
 1982 - Mark Warren, Irish footballer (d. 2016)
 1983 - Alain Bernard, French rower
 1984 – Alexander Farnerud, Swedish footballer
 1984 - Farah Fath, American actress
 1986 – Christian Benítez, Ecuadorean footballer (d. 2013)
 1987 - Leonardo Bonucci, Italian footballer
 1987 - Shahar Pe'er, Israeli tennis player
 1988 – Anushka Sharma, Indian actress and model
 1990 – Caitlin Stasey, Australian actress
 1991 - Levina, German singer
 1992 - Sammy Ameobi, English footballer
 1997 – Ariel Gade, American actress
Up to 1950 
 408 – Arcadius, Roman emperor
 524 - King Sigismund of Burgundy
 1118 - Edith of Scotland, first wife of Henry I of England (born 1080)
 1277 - Stephen Uros I of Serbia (born 1223)
 1308 – Albert I of Habsburg (murdered) (born 1255)
 1555 – Pope Marcellus II (born 1501)
 1572 – Pope Pius V (born 1504)
 1731 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer (born 1677)
 1738 – Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle, English statesman
 1772 – Gottfried Achenwall, German statistician (born 1719)
 1813 – Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal (killed in combat) (born 1768)
 1873 – David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer (born 1813)
 1881 - Romolo Gessi, Italian soldier and explorer (born 1831)
 1893 - Alexander Kaufmann, German poet (born 1817)
 1899 – Ludwig Büchner, German philosopher and physician (born 1824)
 1904 – Antonín Dvořák, Czech composer (born 1841)
 1920 - Princess Margaret of Connaught (born 1882)
1928 - Ebenezer Howard, English town planner, founder of the Garden City movement (born 1850)
 1931 - Thomas Cooper Gotch, British painter (born 1854)
 1935 - Henri Pélissier, French cyclist (born 1889)
 1937 – Snitz Edwards, American actor (born 1868)
 1943 - Johan Oscar Smith, Norwegian religious leader (born 1871)
 1945 – Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Minister of Propaganda (suicide) (born 1897)
 1945 – Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (suicide) (born 1901)
1951  2000 
 1963 – Lope K. Santos, Filipino writer (born 1879)
 1965 – Spike Jones, American band leader, musician, and comedian (born 1911)
 1968 - Jack Adams, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach and manager (born 1895)
 1970 – Yi, Eun, Crown Prince Korea (born 1897)
 1973 – Asger Jorn, Danish painter (born 1914)
 1976 – Alexandros Panagoulis, Greek politician and poet (born 1939)
 1978 – Aram Khachaturian, Armenian composer (born 1903)
 1982 – William Primrose, Scottish violist (born 1903)
 1989 – Douglass Watson, American actor (born 1921)
 1990 – Sergio Franchi, Italian director (born 1926)
 1991 – Richard Thorpe, American movie director (born 1896)
 1993 – Pierre Bérégovoy, Prime Minister of France (suicide) (born 1925)
 1993 – Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (born 1924)
 1993 - Warren P. Knowles, Governor of Wisconsin (born 1908)
 1994 – Ayrton Senna, Brazilian race car driver (born 1960)
 1996 - Luana Patten, American actress (born 1938)
1997 - Fernand Dumont, Canadian sociologist (born 1927)
 1998 – Eldridge Cleaver, American activist (born 1935)
 2000 – Steve Reeves, American actor (born 1926)
From 2001 
 2008 – Anthony Mamo, first President of Malta (born 1909)
 2008 – Philipp von Boeselager, German resistance activist (born 1917)
 2009 – Karst Tates, Dutch attempted assassin (born 1971)
 2010 – Helen Wagner, American actress (born 1918)
 2011 – Henry Cooper, British heavyweight boxer (born 1934)
 2011 – Osama bin Laden, Saudi-Arabian terrorist leader (al-Qaeda) (born 1957)
 2013 - Chris Kelly, American rapper (Kris Kross) (born 1978)
 2014 - Assi Dayan, Israeli movie director and actor (born 1945)
 2014 - Juan Formell, Cuban musician and composer (born 1942)
 2014 - Juan de Dios Castillo, Mexican footballer and coach (born 1951)
 2014 - Richard Percival Lister, English writer poet and artist (born 1914)
 2014 - Manfred von Richthofen, German sports official (born 1934)
 2014 - Georg Stollenwerk, German footballer (born 1930)
 2014 - Mel Clark, American baseball player (born 1926)
 2015 - David Day, Australian broadcaster (born 1951)
 2015 - Pete Brown, American golfer (born 1935)
2015 - Geoff Duke, British motorcycle racer (born 1923)
 2015 - Stephen Milburn Anderson, American movie director and writer (born 1947)
 2015 - Grace Lee Whitney, American actress (born 1930)
 2015 - Vafa Guluzade, Azerbaijani diplomat (born 1940)
 2015 - Beth Whittall, Canadian swimmer (born 1936)
 2015 - Harry Geisinger, American politician (born 1933)
 2015 - Dave Goldberg, American executive (born 1967)
 2016 - Jean-Marie Girault, French politician (born 1926)
 2016 - Solomon W. Golomb, American mathematician, engineer and educator (born 1922)
 2016 - Madeleine LeBeau, French actress (born 1923)
 2017 - Erkki Kurenniemi, Finnish musician and designer (born 1941)
 2017 - Mike Lowry, American politician, Governor of Washington (born 1939)
 2017 - Sam Mele, American baseball player (born 1922)
 2017 - Mohamed Talbi, Tunisian historian and professor (born 1921)
 2017 - Bruce Hampton, American musician (born 1947)
 2017 - Yisrael Friedman, Israeli rabbi and educator (born 1923)
2017 - Karel Schoeman, South African novelist and translator (born 1939)
 2018 - Elmar Altvater, German political scientist (born 1938)
 2018 - Chuck Missler, American evangelist and writer (born 1934)
 2018 - Universo 2000, Mexican professional wrestler (born 1963)
 2018 - Peter Temple-Morris, British politician (born 1938)
 2018 - Arthur Barnard, American sprinter (born 1929)
 2018 - Max Berrú, Ecuadorean-Chilean singer and musician (born 1942)
 2019 - Dinko Dermendzhiev, Bulgarian footballer (born 1941)
 2019 - Alessandra Panaro, Italian actress (born 1939)
 2019 - Arvi Parbo, Estonian-Australian businessman and philanthropist (born 1926)
 2019 - B. Subhashan Reddy, Indian judge (born 1943)
Holidays 
 Saints of the Day: Saint Joseph the Worker; Saint Jeremiah, prophet 
 May Day
 International Workers' Day
 Beltane in Neo-Pagan Tradition
 Lei Day (Hawaii)
 Constitution Day (Latvia and Marshall Islands)
 Loyalty Day

May 01
The Andes are a mountain range along the western coast of South America.

They stretch over 7,000 km / 4,400 miles from the south of Argentina and Chile to the north of Colombia. They are also found in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.

The Amazon river system has its sources in the eastern flanks of the Andes.

The Andes are the longest exposed mountain range of the world, and the second-highest after the Himalayas. The Andes mountain range is the highest mountain range outside Asia.

Aconcagua, the highest peak, rises to 6,962 m (22,841 ft) above sea level. The top of Mount Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes is the point on the Earth's surface most distant from its center. Mount Chimborazo is an inactive volcano in Ecuador, which last erupted over a thousand years ago.

Geography 

The Andes has three sections:
The southern Andes in Argentina and Chile;
The central Andes, having the Chilean and Peruvian mountain system and parts of Bolivia;
The northern part in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
The northern part has two parallel ranges. They are the Cordillera Occidental (western) and the Cordillera Oriental (eastern). The term cordillera comes from the Spanish word meaning 'rope'.

In Colombia, north to the border with Ecuador, the Andes split in three parallel ranges, western, central and eastern.

In the north the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Snowy Mountain Range of Saint Martha) is an isolated mountain range apart from the Andes chain that runs through Colombia. Reaching an altitude of 5,700 metres above sea level just 42 km from the Caribbean coast, the Sierra Nevada is the world's highest coastal range.

The western range of the eastern Cordillia Oriental is the only one which reaches Colombia .

The Andes range is about  wide throughout its length, except in Bolivia where it is  wide. The islands of the Dutch Caribbean Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, which lie in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Venezuela, represent the submerged tops of the northern edge of the Andes range.
Geology 
The Andes are a Mesozoic–Tertiary orogenic belt of mountains along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

The Andes are the result of plate tectonics processes, caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath the South American continental plate. South America, like North America, has been moving west since the Cretaceous period. Thus the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate formed the Andes. This was caused by the westward movement of South America.

The formation of the modern Andes began with the events of the Triassic and Jurassic when Pangea begun to break up and several rifts developed. It was during the Cretaceous period that the Andes began to take their present form, by the uplifting, faulting and folding of sedimentary and metamorphic rock of the ancient cratons to the east. The rise of the Andes has not been constant and different regions have had different degrees of tectonic stress, uplift, and weathering.

Climate
Climate 

The climate in the Andes differs depending on which area, the altitude, and how close it is to the sea. The southern section is rainy and cool. The central Andes are dry. The northern Andes are normally rainy and warm, with an average temperature of  in Colombia. The climate is known to change very much in rather short distances. Rainforests exist just miles away from the snow covered peak Cotopaxi. The mountains have a large effect on the temperatures of nearby areas. The snow line depends on the location. It is at between 4,500 and 4,800 m (14,800–15,800 ft) in the tropical Ecuadorian, Colombian, Venezuelan, and northern Peruvian Andes, going up to 4,800–5,200 m (15,800–17,060 ft) in the drier mountains of southern Peru south to northern Chile south to about 30°S, then going down to  on Aconcagua at 32°S,  at 40°S,  at 50°S, and only  in Tierra del Fuego at 55°S; from 50°S, many of the bigger glaciers go down to sea level.
The Andes of Chile and Argentina can be put in two climatic and glaciological zones; the Dry Andes and the Wet Andes.

Plants 
Rainforests used to hold much of the northern Andes but are now reduced, especially in the Chocó and inter-Andean valleys of Colombia. Farming, deforestation, illegal crops, and population growth has done this. 

A direct opposite of the humid Andean slopes are the mostly dry Andean slopes in most of western Peru, Chile and Argentina. That area, and many Interandean Valles, normally have deciduous woodland, shrub and xeric (dry) vegetation, up to the mostly lifeless Atacama Desert.

About 30,000 species of vascular plants live in the Andes. About half of those are endemic to the region: it is a hotspot. The small tree Cinchona pubescens is a source of quinine used to treat malaria. It is found widely in the Andes as far south as Bolivia. Other important crops that came from the Andes are tobacco and potatoes.
The high-altitude Polylepis forests and woodlands are found in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. These trees are called Queñua, Yagual and other names. They grow at altitudes of  above sea level. It is still unclear if the patchy distribution of these forests and woodlands is natural, or the result of clearing which began during the Incan time. Regardless, in modern times the clearance has had a faster pace, and the trees are now endangered.  Some think as little as 10% of the original woodland is still here.

Wildlife 

The Andes has a lot of wildlife. With almost 1,000 species, of which about 2/3 are endemic to the region, the Andes is the most important region in the world for amphibians.
Animal diversity in the Andes is high, with almost 600 species of mammals (13% endemic), more than 1,700 species of birds (1/3 endemic), more than 600 species of reptiles (45% endemic), and almost 400 species of fish (1/3 endemic).
The Vicuña and Guanaco can be found living in the Altiplano, while the closely related domesticated Llama and Alpaca are commonly kept by locals as pack animals and for their meat and wool. The nocturnal chinchillas, two threatened members of the rodent order, live in the Andes' alpine regions. The Andean Condor, the largest bird of its kind in the Western Hemisphere, lives throughout much of the Andes but mostly in very low numbers. Other animals found in the mostly open habitats of the high Andes are the huemul, cougar, and foxes in the genus Pseudalopex. And for birds, some species of tinamous (they are members of the genus Nothoprocta), are the Andean Goose, Giant Coot, flamingos (mainly associated with hypersaline lakes),  Lesser Rhea, Andean Flicker, Diademed Sandpiper-plover, miners, sierra-finches and diuca-finches.

References

Related pages 
 List of mountains in the Andes

 
Mountains of South America
Up to 1900 
 362 – Athanasius returns to Alexandria.
 1245 - Bishop Thomas, the first-known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
 1431 – The trial of Joan of Arc begins.
 1437 - King James I of Scotland is murdered.
 1440 – The Prussian Confederation is formed.
 1543 – Battle of Wayna Daga – Combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat Muslim army led by Ahmed Gragn.
 1613 – Mikhail I is elected unanimously as Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia .
 1743 – The premiere in London of George Frideric Handel's oratorio, Samson
 1804 – The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren ironworks in Wales.
 1808 - Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops enter then-Swedish territory in Eastern Finland, starting the Finnish War, which later results in Russia taking control of Finland.
 1842 – John J. Greenough patents the sewing machine.
1848 – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
 1858 - Corinth, Greece, is destroyed by an earthquake. The city is rebuilt 6 kilometers away.
 1862 - American Civil War: The Battle of Valverde is fought near Fort Craig in the New Mexico territory.
 1874 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first newspaper.
 1875 – Jeanne Calment was born. She then went on to live for 122 years 164 days, the longest confirmed lifespan for any human being in history.
 1878 – The first telephone book is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.
 1885 – The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.
 1893 – Thomas Edison receives two U.S. patents for a "Cut Out for Incandescent Electric Lamps" and for a "Stop Device".
1901  1950 
 1902 - Harvey Cushing carries out the first brain surgery.
 1907 - British passenger ship Berlin sinks in a storm in the harbor of Hoek van Holland, Netherlands, killing 128 people.
 1913 - Ioannina is incorporated into the Greek state after the Balkan Wars.
 1916 – World War I: In France the Battle of Verdun begins.
 1918 - The last-surviving Carolina Parakeet dies in Cincinnati Zoo, making the species extinct.
 1919 - German socialist Kurt Eisner is assassinated.
 1921 - The Republic of Georgia's first Constitution is adopted.
 1921 - Persian Prime Minister Fathollah Akbar Sepahdar is removed from power in a coup.
 1925 – The New Yorker publishes its first issue.
 1937 – Initial flight of the first successful flying car, Waldo Waterman's Arrowbile; League of Nations banned foreign national "volunteers" in the Spanish Civil War.
 1945 - World War II: Japanese Kamikaze planes sink the escort carrier USS Bismarck Sea and damage the USS Saratoga.
1947 – In New York City Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.
 1948 – NASCAR is incorporated.
1951  2000 
 1952 – Language Martyrs' Day, marking language-revolution in the then East Pakistan through Bengali Language Movement (currently, the independent state of People's Republic of Bangladesh)
 1952 – Churchill government in the UK abolishes Identity Cards to "set the people free".
 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson discover the structure of the DNA molecule.
 1958 - The peace symbol, commissioned by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in protest against the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, is designed and completed by Gerald Holtom.
 1960 – Cuban leader Fidel Castro nationalizes all businesses in Cuba.
 1960 - The first Olympic biathlon is held, during the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California. Over 20 kilometers, Sweden's Klas Lestander becomes the first Olympic champion in this event.
 1965 – Malcolm X is assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City by members of the Nation of Islam.
1970 – Swissair Flight 330: A mid-air bomb explosion and subsequent crash kills 38 passengers and nine crew members near Zürich, Switzerland.
 1971 – The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.
 1972 – President Richard Nixon visits the People's Republic of China to normalize Sino-American relations.
 1972 – The Soviet unmanned spaceship Luna 20 lands on the Moon.
 1973 – Over the Sinai Desert, Israeli fighter aircraft shoot down a Libyan Airlines jet killing 108.
 1974 – The long-running Japanese comic strip Sazae-san publishes its final installment in the Asahi Shimbun.
 1974 – The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal in carrying out a truce with Egypt.
 1975 – Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to prison.
 1976 - The first Winter Paralympics are held in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden.
1988 – Jimmy Swaggart, on his own televangelism program being tapped in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, confesses that he is guilty of an unspecified sin and will be temporarily leaving the pulpit.
 1995 – Serkadji prison mutiny in Algeria; 4 guards and 96 prisoners killed in a day and a half.
 1995 – Steve Fossett lands in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada becoming the first person to make a solo flight across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon.
 1995 - Jeanne Calment reaches the age of 120 years, the first person known to have reached this age.
 2000 – David Letterman returns to The Late Show over a month after having an emergency quintuple heart bypass surgery.
From 2001 
 2003 – Over 100 concert goers die in a fire during a performance of the rock band Great White.
 2004 – The first European political party organization, the European Greens, is established in Rome.
 2005 - A series of avalanches kill over 100 people in Kashmir.
 2006 – The United Kingdom's biggest-ever cash robbery is carried out at a depot in Kent, England.
 2007 - Then-Prime Minister of Italy Romano Prodi attempts to resign, but his resignation is rejected by President of Italy Giorgio Napolitano.
 2012 - EU finance ministers reach an agreement on a 30 billion-Euro bailout for Greece.
 2013 - A bombing in Damascus, Syria, kills at least 53 people.
 2013 - Two bomb blasts in Hyderabad, India, kill 17 people.

Births
Up to 1900 
 1397 - Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy (d. 1471)
 1484 - Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg (d. 1535)
 1556 - Sethus Calvisius, German composer, chronicler and astronomer (d. 1615)
 1591 - Gerard Desargues, French mathematician and architect (d. 1661)
 1594 - John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1626)
 1705 - Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, English admiral (d. 1781)
 1723 - Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian (d. 1808)
 1728 - Tsar Peter III of Russia (d. 1762)
 1779 - Friedrich Carl von Savigny, German jurist and historian (d. 1861)
 1783 - Princess Catherine of Wuerttemberg, Queen Consort of Westphalia (d. 1835)
 1791 - John Mercer, English dye and fabric chemist (d. 1866)
 1791 – Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (d. 1857)
 1794 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, President of Mexico (d. 1876)
 1801 - John Henry Newman, English theologian and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1890)
 1815 - Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, French painter (d. 1891)
1817 - José Zorilla y Moral, Spanish dramatist (d. 1893)
 1821 - Rachel Félix, French actress (d. 1858)
 1835 - Mikhail Mikeshin, Russian artist (d. 1896)
 1836 - Leo Delibes, French composer (d. 1891)
 1844 - Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (d. 1937)
 1856 - Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Dutch architect (d. 1934)
 1859 - Mikhail Rodzianko, Russian statesman (d. 1924)
 1860 - Goscombe John, Welsh sculptor (d. 1952)
 1865 - John Haden Badley, English school founder (d. 1967)
 1867 - Otto Hermann Kahn, German millionaire (d. 1934)
 1875 – Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian, officially the longest-lived human on record (d. 1997)
 1876 - Pyotr Konchalovsky, Russian painter (d. 1956)
 1876 - Joseph Meister, first person to be inoculated against Rabies (d. 1940)
 1878 - Mirra Alfassa, Indian spiritual leader (d. 1973)
 1880 – Waldemar Bonsels, German writer (d. 1952)
 1880 - Otto Christman, Canadian soccer player (d. 1963)
 1881 - Kenneth J. Alford, British composer (d. 1945)
1882 - William Jeremiah Tuttle, American freestyle swimmer and water polo player (d. 1930)
 1885 - Sacha Guitry, French actor (d. 1957)
 1887 - Korechika Anami, Japanese general (d. 1945)
 1888 - Clemence Dane, British novelist and playwright (d. 1965)
 1893 – Andrés Segovia, Spanish guitarist (d. 1987)
 1895 – Henrik Dam, Danish chemist, won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
 1899 - Bernard Griffin, Archbishop of Westminster (d. 1956)
 1900 - Madeleine Renaud, French theatre actress (d. 1994)
1901  1950 
 1903 - Anaïs Nin, French writer (d. 1977)
 1903 - Raymond Queneau, French writer (d. 1976)
 1907 – W. H. Auden, British poet (d. 1973)
 1909 – Hans Erni, Swiss painter and sculptor (d. 2015)
 1910 – Douglas Bader, British fighter pilot (d. 1982)
 1913 - Roger Laurent, Belgian racing driver (d. 1997)
 1914 – Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish fighter pilot (d. 1999)
 1914 - Park Su-geun, South Korean painter (d. 1965)
 1915 - Godfrey Brown, British athlete (d. 1995)
 1915 - Ann Sheridan, American actress (d. 1967)
 1917 - Lucille Bremer, American actress (d. 1996)
 1917 - Tadd Dameron, American pianist and composer (d. 1965)
 1917 - Otto Kittel, German World War II flying ace (d. 1945)
 1919 - Kehat Shorr, Israeli shooting coach (d. 1972)
 1921 - John Rawls, American philosopher (d. 2002)
 1921 - Zdenek Miler, Czech animator (d. 2011)
 1921 - Antonio Maria Javierre Ortas, Spanish cardinal (d. 2007)
 1924 – Robert Mugabe, former President of Zimbabwe (d. 2019)
1924 - Silvano Piovanelli, Italian cardinal (d. 2016)
 1925 - Tom Gehrels, Dutch-American astronomer (d. 2011)
 1925 - Jack Ramsay, American basketball coach (d. 2014)
 1925 – Sam Peckinpah, American movie director (d. 1984)
 1927 – Erma Bombeck, American writer and humorist (d. 1996)
 1927 – Hubert de Givenchy, French fashion designer (d. 2018)
 1927 - Pierre Mercure, Canadian musician and composer (d. 1966)
 1929 - Chespirito, Mexican actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2014)
 1933 – Nina Simone, American singer and musician (d. 2003)
 1934 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (d. 2010)
 1935 - Mark McManus, Scottish actor (d. 1994)
 1935 - Jean Pelletier, 37th Mayor of Quebec City
 1936 – Barbara Jordan, American politician (d. 1996)
 1937 – King Harald V of Norway
 1937 - Ron Clarke, Australian athlete and politician (d. 2015)
 1937 - Jilly Cooper, English novelist
 1937 - Gary Lockwood, American actor
 1938 - Bobby Charles, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
1938 – Lester Bird, Antiguan politician, former Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
 1940 - John Lewis, American politician and civil rights activist (d. 2020)
 1942 – Margarethe von Trotta, German movie director
 1942 - Magnus Linklater, Scottish newspaper editor
 1943 - David Geffen, American record producer
 1944 - Kitty Winn, American actress
 1945 - Paul Newton, British musician (Uriah Heep)
 1945 – Walter Momper, German politician, former Mayor of Berlin
 1946 - Tyne Daly, American actress
 1946 - Anthony Daniels, British actor
 1946 – Alan Rickman, British actor (d. 2016)
 1947 - Victor Sokolov, Russian journalist (d. 2006)
 1947 – Olympia Snowe, American politician, former United States Senator for Maine
 1947 - Marcel Paquet, Belgian philosopher (d. 2014)
 1948 - Bill Slayback, American baseball player (d. 2015)
 1949 - Larry Drake, American actor (d. 2016)
 1949 - Ronnie Hellström, Swedish footballer
 1949 - Jerry Harrison, American musician
 1950 - Hakan Nesser, Swedish writer
1951  1975 
 1951 - Vince Welnick, American musician
 1952 - Jean-Jacques Burnel, British musician
 1952 - Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat (d. 2017)
 1952 - Igor Levitin, Russian political figure
 1953 - William Petersen, American actor
 1953 - Christine Ebersole, American singer
 1954 - Ivo Van Damme, Belgian athlete (d. 1976)
 1954 - Rudolf Simek, Austrian philologist
 1955 – Kelsey Grammer, American actor
 1956 - Ha Jin, Chinese-American writer
 1957 - Nikolay Rastorguyev, Russian singer
 1958 - Mary Chapin Carpenter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1958 - Jack Coleman, American actor
 1958 - Alan Trammell, American baseball player and manager
 1960 - Steve Wynn, American singer-songwriter
 1960 - Plamen Oresharski, 52nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria
 1961 - Christopher Atkins, American actor
 1962 - Vanessa Feltz, British television presenter
 1962 - Chuck Palahniuk, American writer
 1962 - David Foster Wallace, American writer (d. 2008)
 1963 - William Baldwin, American actor
1964 - Huw Higginson, British actor
 1964 - Mark Kelly, American astronaut
 1964 - Scott Kelly, American astronaut
 1964 - Jane Tomlinson, British cancer campaigner (d. 2007)
 1965 - Steve Lee, Sound effects wrangler and film historian
 1967 - Leroy Burrell, American athlete
 1969 - James Dean Bradfield, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers)
 1969 - Tony Meola, American footballer
 1969 - Chen Wei, Chinese dissident
 1970 - Michael Slater, Australian cricketer
 1973 - Heri Joensen, Faroese musician
 1973 - Brian Rolston, American ice hockey player
 1974 - Ivan Campo, Spanish footballer
 1974 - Roberto Heras, Spanish cyclist
From 1976 
 1976 – Michael McIntyre, British comedian
 1977 - Steve Francis, American basketball player
 1979 – Pascal Chimbonda, French footballer
 1979 - Shane Gibson, American guitarist (d. 2014)
 1979 – Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress
 1979 - Jordan Peele, American actor, director and screenwriter
 1980 – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan
 1980 - Tiziano Ferro, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
 1981 - Jun Kaname, Japanese actor
 1982 - Andre Barrett, American basketball player
 1983 - Lusine Gevorkyan, Russian-Armenian singer
 1984 - Andreas Seppi, Italian tennis player
 1984 – David Odonkor, German footballer
 1985 – Georgios Samaras, Greek footballer
 1986 - Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
 1986 – Charlotte Church, Welsh singer and TV presenter
 1987 – Ellen Page, Canadian actress
 1987 - Ashley Greene, American model and actress
 1987 - Carlos Carmona, Chilean footballer
 1987 - Eniola Aluko, English footballer
 1987 - Tuppence Middleton, English actress
1988 - Matthias de Zordo, Spanish footballer
 1989 - Josh Walker, English footballer
 1989 – Corbin Bleu, American actor
 1989 - Kristin Herrera, American actress
 1989 - Scout Taylor-Compton, American actress
 1990 - Mattias Tedenby, Swedish ice hockey player
 1990 - David Addy, Ghanaian footballer
 1991 - Riyad Mahrez, Algerian footballer
 1992 – Phil Jones, British footballer
 1996 - Sophie Turner, English actress
 2001 - Isabella Acres, American actress
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 4 - Gaius Caesar, heir to Augustus Caesar
 1437 – King James I of Scotland (b. 1394)
 1513 – Pope Julius II (b. 1443)
 1543 – Ahmed Gragn, Sultan of Adal
 1554 - Hieronymus Bock, German botanist (b. 1498)
 1572 - Cho Shik, Korean poet and scholar (b. 1501)
 1677 - Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632)
 1715 - Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Governor of the province of Maryland (b. 1637)
 1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649)
 1788 - Johann Georg Palitzsch, German astronomer (b. 1723)
 1821 - Georg Friedrich von Martens, German diplomat (b. 1756)
 1824 – Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Napoleon Bonaparte's wife, Josephine (b. 1781)
 1846 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (b. 1800)
 1861 - Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish missionary (b. 1800)
 1862 - Justinus Kerner, German poet (b. 1786)
 1894 - Gustave Caillebotte, French painter (b. 1848)
 1900 - Charles Piazzi Smyth, Scottish astronomer (b. 1819)
1901  2000 
 1901 - George Francis Fitzgerald, Irish mathematician (b. 1851)
 1919 – Kurt Eisner, Bavarian socialist (b. 1867)
 1926 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist (b. 1853)
 1934 - Augusto Nicolas Calderon Sandino, Nicaraguan revolutionary (b. 1895)
 1938 – George Ellery Hale, American astronomer (b. 1868)
 1941 – Frederick Banting, Canadian doctor, won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1891)
 1944 – Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born French race car driver (b. 1873)
 1945 – Eric Liddell, Scottish runner (b. 1902)
 1958 - Duncan Edwards, English footballer (b. 1936)
 1965 – Malcolm X, American civil rights activist (b. 1925)
 1967 – Charles Beaumont, American writer (b. 1929)
 1968 – Howard Walter Florey, Australian pharmacologist (b. 1898)
 1972 - Zhang Guohua, Chinese general and politician (b. 1914)
 1972 - Bronislava Nijinska, Polish-Russian ballet dancer (b. 1891)
 1974 – Tim Horton, Canadian hockey player (b. 1930)
 1980 - Mario Lanzi, Italian athlete (b. 1914)
1982 - Gershom Scholem, German-born Israeli Jewish philosopher (b. 1897)
 1984 – Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Russian novelist (b. 1905)
 1986 - Shigechiyo Izumi, Japanese centenarian, previously thought to have been the oldest man ever (b. probably in 1890)
 1987 - Noel Odell, British mountaineer (b. 1890)
 1989 - Alex Thepot, French footballer (b. 1906)
 1991 – Dame Margot Fonteyn, British ballet dancer (b. 1919)
 1994 - Johannes Steinhoff, German pilot and commander (b. 1913)
 1995 – Calder Willingham, writer (b. 1922)
 1996 – Morton Gould, American composer (b. 1913)
 1997 – Josef Posipal, German footballer (b. 1927)
 1999 - Walter Lini, 1st Prime Minister of Vanuatu (b. 1939)
 1999 – Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish fighter pilot (b. 1914)
 1999 – Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist (b. 1918)
From 2001 
 2002 – John Thaw, British actor (b. 1942)
 2003 - Eddie Thomson, Scottish footballer (b. 1947)
 2004 – John Charles, Welsh footballer (b. 1931)
 2005 - Ara Berberian, American opera singer (b. 1930)
 2008 - Sunny Lowry, first British woman to swim across the English Channel (b. 1911)
 2008 - Sufi Abu Taleb, Egyptian politician (b. 1925)
 2008 – Emmanuel Sanon, Haitian footballer (b. 1951)
 2013 - Bruce Millan, British politician (b. 1927)
 2013 - Bob Godfrey, British animator (b. 1921)
 2014 - Sakis Boulas, Greek singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1954)
 2014 - Georgette Rejewski, Dutch actress (b. 1910)
 2014 - Francesco Di Giacomo, Italian singer (b. 1947)
 2014 - Stanley Brotman, American federal judge (b. 1924)
 2014 - Matthew Robinson, Australian Paralympic snowboarder (b. 1985)
 2015 - Clark Terry, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1920)
 2015 - Sadeq Tabatabaei, Iranian politician (b. 1943)
 2016 - Eric Brown, Scottish test pilot (b. 1919)
 2017 - Kenneth Arrow, American economist (b. 1921)
2017 - Douglas Coe, American religious leader (b. 1928)
 2017 - Desmond Connell, Irish cardinal (b. 1926)
 2017 - Cosmo Haskard, Irish-born British Governor of the Falkland Islands (b. 1916)
 2017 - Bengt Gustavsson, Swedish footballer (b. 1928)
 2017 - Jeanne Martin Cissé, Guinean teacher and politician (b. 1926)
 2017 - Brunella Bovo, Italian actress (b. 1932)
 2017 - Ion Croitoru, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1963)
 2017 - Edwin Kessler, American atmospheric scientist (b. 1928)
 2018 - Billy Graham, American evangelist (b. 1918)
 2018 - Emma Chambers, English actress (b. 1964)
 2019 - Peter Tork, American keyboardist (The Monkees) (b. 1942)
Observances
 International Mother Language Day
 Language Movement Day (Bangladesh)
 Biikebrennen in Northern Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) and Southern Jutland (Denmark)

Days of the year
A meal is a serving of food eaten by human beings. Meals usually include several different types of food, such as grains, vegetables, fruit, and in some cases, meat. Meals have different names by time they are taken or by the type of food that is eaten.

Types
In North America and in Europe, people usually eat three meals a day. The morning meal is called breakfast. It usually includes foods made from grain (cereal, porridge, or bread), fruit (apple, banana, or an orange), and milk products (milk, yogurt, or cottage cheese). Many people drink coffee or tea with their breakfast.

Around noon, people eat their lunch. People who are working at jobs are given a break to eat their lunch. The lunch meal includes foods such as a sandwich, soup, vegetables, fruit, and milk.  In some countries, such as Italy, people serve an alcoholic drink with lunch. In England, some people have a glass of beer with their lunch.
In the evening, people eat their supper or dinner. Dinners are different in different countries. Usually dinners include a "main course" such as roast beef, a grain (such as rice or pasta), a vegetable (such as carrots or cauliflower) and a dessert (called a "sweet" or "pudding" in England).

In some cases, a starter or appetizer is served before the dinner. Appetizers are a small serving of food such as olives, cheese, or bread. In many countries, people serve an alcoholic drink with dinner, such as wine or beer.

Examples
Fish and chips - United Kingdom
Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibzsch or Leibz'sch) is the biggest city in the state of Saxony (eastern Germany). When Germany was divided into East and West Germany, Leipzig was one of the three biggest industrial cities in the East Germany.

Leipzig occupies  and is still an industrial city. 510,651 people are living in Leipzig as of 29 February 2008.

History 
Its Latin name is Lipsia and the German name "Leipzig" came from this name. Leipzig has a long history. Its name was first recorded as Leipzig Castle (Leipziger Burg) in 1015, and the official founding of the city occurred later in 1165. It was an economic center of Medieval Germany, famous with its market (Leipziger Messe).

In 1409, Leipzig University was started. Theology was its major faculty. In 1519, Martin Luther had a discussion in Leipzig against Johann Eck. Reformation came to Leipzig in 1539 and the city people became Lutheran.
It is famous for St. Thomas Church, where Johann Sebastian Bach worked as music director (Kantor) from 1723 until his death in 1750.

In 1813 near Leipzig, the Battle of Leipzig was fought between the French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte and the allied armies of Austria, Prussia and Russia.

In 1839, the railway between Dresden and Leipzig was opened. It was the first long distance railroad in Germany.

As a result of industrialization, the number of people living in Leipzig grew during the 19th century. Before World War II, there were about 750,000 people in Leipzig.

After the war, Leipzig belonged to the part of Germany occupied by the Soviet Union, and later to East Germany.
In 1989, the Monday Demonstrations took place in Leipzig. Every monday after a Christian mess in the Nikolaikirche the Leipzig people demonstrate for freedom to travel and democracy. These demonstrations became bigger and bigger and reached their peak on 23 October when 320,000 people came. The demonstrations are one of the things that lead to the end of communist dictatorship in East Germany.

Today, Leipzig is still known as a city of fairs, media and university, but is less important than it was before World War II.

Economy 
Before World War II, Leipzig was a famous center of commerce (Leipzig exhibition) and industry. Now, there are big companies in Leipzig like Porsche, BMW, Siemens and DHL, as well as the Leipzig Airport.

Population
Population 

With almost 511,000 people, Leipzig city proper is the 12th biggest city in Germany and the 2nd biggest in what was East Germany (DDR), smaller than East Berlin and bigger than Dresden. Leipzig urban has 567,000 people. The total population of Leipzig metropolitan area is 1,389,000.

Geography 

Leipzig, Chemnitz, Dresden, Halle, and Zwickau form an area called the Saxon Triangle, which has about 3,500,000 people.

Miscellaneous 

Leipzig has a university where famous people studied (e.g. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Edvard Grieg, Erich Kästner, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Angela Merkel, Friedrich Nietzsche, Robert Schumann and Richard Wagner.) The Leipzig Hauptbahnhof (Central Station) is the biggest terminal station in Europe. It sees about 150,000 passengers each day. It is 293 meters wide.

Sister cities
Sister cities

 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, since 2004
 Birmingham, UK, since 1992
 Bologna, Italy, since 1962, renewed in 1997
 Brno, Czech Republic, since 1973, renewed in 1999
 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, since 1990
 Hanover, Germany, since 1987
 Houston, United States, since 1993
 Kyiv, Ukraine, since 1961, renewed in 1992
 Lyon, France, since 1981</
 Nanjing, China, since 1988
 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, since 1975, renewed in 2007
 Thessaloniki, Greece, since 1984
 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2003
 Herzliya, Israel, since 2010

References

Other websites
1351 was a common year.

Events 
 May 1 – Zürich became a part of Switzerland.