Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Preparations and impact

Around when Floyd first became a tropical storm, a tropical storm warning was issued for the Swan Islands and Grand Cayman. Soon after this, a tropical storm warning and hurricane watch was issued for the northeast Yucatán Peninsula. The storm caused heavy rainfall along the coast after this warning was issued. A tropical storm warning and hurricane watch were also issued for Cuba west of Havana. To prepare themselves for the storm, Cuban officials in Pinar del Río Province evacuated 100,000 people, as well as 40,000 head of cattle. International flights were also canceled for a day when Floyd was passing. Floyd passed over Western Cuba as a tropical storm. But it left no serious damage or killed anyone in the country.
When Floyd was a tropical storm located over Cuba, the National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane warning for the Florida Keys. The southwest Florida coast to Venice also got a warning. It was the first warning in the state related to the storm. It was issued as the National Hurricane Center anticipated Floyd to become more intense into a hurricane. It was also issued because there was not much time left for this. A tropical storm watch, and then a warning, was issued for eastern Florida too. But the track became more easterly after this. So, a hurricane warning was issued for southeastern Florida. It was also issued for the northwestern Bahamas. Officials in southern Florida closed schools due to the storm. A few flights were canceled at Miami International Airport. About 100 F-4 and F16 fighter jets were transported out of Homestead Air Force Base to safer places. The American Red Cross opened 55 shelters in 10 Florida counties. They had 2,000 people at some point. This was mainly in Lee County
. People in the hurricane's path prepared by buying supplies from supermarkets, keeping the gas in their vehicles full and keeping loose outside items safe.
Floyd was the first named storm to strike southern Florida in two years. The last one was Hurricane Bob in 1985. While passing south of Florida, Floyd produced its strongest winds over water away and from land. The strongest wind in the Florida Keys was 59 mph (94 km/h) at Duck Key. But wind gusts were stronger. The Air Force station on Cudjoe Key reported an unofficial gust of 92 mph (152 km/h). Rainfall directly from Floyd's rainbands was very low, about . But, the interaction between the hurricane and the approaching cold front caused much heavier rainfall. It reached as far north as Daytona. The highest rainfall was  in Fort Pierce. Floyd created a waterspout that moved ashore in Rock Harbor. It damaged a few boats and homes. The hurricane produced rip tides. They went far west as the Texas coast. It killed one person along South Padre Island.
Across southern Florida, the hurricane left minor damage of around $500,000 (1987 USD). This was largely due to falling of trees and damaging of power lines. There was also minor crop damage in Dade County. The rainfall flooded roads in southern Florida. This caused several vehicles to fail on the Florida Turnpike. After affecting Florida, Floyd caused minor wind damage in the Bahamas. In the country, the highest reported gust was . This was at Freeport, Grand Bahama. Freeport International Airport reported sustained winds of  from the remnants of Floyd.

References

Floyd (1987)
Floyd
October events
20th century in Cuba
20th century in the Bahamas
1980s in Florida
1987 in the United States
Cleveland Brown is a main character for the spin-off television program for Family Guy called The Cleveland Show. 

He was married to Lorretta Brown until they divorced after she cheated on him with his friend Glenn Quagmire. Cleveland later remarried with Donna Tubbs. He had one son with Lorretta and two step-children with Donna. Cleveland is a mailman.  

Cleveland was voiced by Mike Henry from 1999 to 2021, when Henry stepped down from the role. He was replaced by Arif Zahir since 2021.

The Cleveland Show 
From 2009 to 2013, Cleveland had his own series, called The Cleveland Show. In the first episode, he and his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., move back to his birth state of Virginia. There, he meets an old friend named Donna Tubbs. Cleveland and Cleveland Jr move into Donna's house until they can buy a house of their own.
Cleveland and the audience are first introduced to Donna's children; Roberta and Rallo Tubbs. By the end of the episode, Cleveland and Donna are married. The series follows Cleveland doing activities and speaking with his friends. These include a Russian bear. 

The plot of The Cleveland Show was very similar to Family Guy.

Animated human characters
Fictional African-American people
Family Guy characters
The Cleveland Show
Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Caramel (}
) is a beige to dark-brown sweet food. It is made by heating sugars. It is used to add flavour to puddings and desserts. It can also be as a filling, like is done in bonbons, and as a topping for ice cream, custard and coffee.

Simple sugar (Sucrose) starts to melt at about  , without changing its color. The process called caramelisation starts when sugar  is heated to at least  , and more often to around . As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and turn into compounds with the colour and flavour of caramel.

Many candies and desserts are made with caramel. Some of these are caramel apples, pralines, nougats, brittles, crème caramel, and crème brûlée.
Caramel candy 
Caramel candy is a soft, dense, chewy candy. It is made by boiling a mixture of milk or cream, sugar(s), butter, and vanilla flavouring.  The sugar(s) are heated separately to reach . This turns them to caramel before the other ingredients are added. Another way of doing this is to cook all ingredients together. This way, the milk turns to caramel but the sugars do not. This type of candy is often called "milk caramel" or "cream caramel".

Health Benefits of Caramel Candy 
The Health Benefits of Caramel Candy Are Quite Notable. Savoring Candy Embraces You with Good Health. the Nutritional Content of Caramel Such as Potassium, Vitamin B6, Calcium, Magnesium, and Cobalamin, Makes It to Be Candy Blended with Benefits. a Caramel Candy  a Day Aids in Boosting Good Health Conditions. the Presence of Calcium in Caramel Aids the Consumer to Strengthen Teeth Health and Bone Development. the Requisite Intake of Caramel Protects the Arteries.
Caramel coloring
Caramel coloring is a dark bitter-tasting liquid. It is what is made after near-total caramelisation. It is then bottled to be used for other things. It is used as food coloring and in beverages like cola.

Caramel sauce

Caramel sauce is made from heating water and caster sugar at a low to medium temperature. This is done until the sugar dissolves and "caramelises". This changes its colour to golden brown.

Related pages 
 Toffee
 Butterscotch

References

Other websites 

 Caramel Candy Recipes 

 Caramel sauce recipe .

Food ingredients
East Side Mario's is a Canadian casual dining restaurant by Prime Restaurants. It has restaurants in Canada and the United States. The restaurant is known for Italian-American cuisine.

It has over 100 locations in Canada as well as some in the United States.

It is a sponsor of the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.

References

Canadian restaurants
1987 establishments in Canada
Companies based in Mississauga
This article is about the American television channel. For international versions, see Cartoon Network (international) found on channel 63.

Cartoon Network (often abbreviated as CN and stylised as CARTOON NETWORK) is an American television channel. It broadcasts television programs that are suitable for older children and teenagers. Most of the shows are animated cartoon series, but some live-action shows are also broadcast. However, at night Cartoon Network switches to Adult Swim which broadcasts programs for adults instead.

Cartoon Network first launched in October 1, 1992 through cable and satellite television in the United States by Turner Broadcasting System (or TBS for short). In the early years, many of the shows featured on the channel were classic cartoons and Hanna-Barbera shows. TBS later launched Cartoon Network Studios to make flagship original shows specifically for Cartoon Network.
After successfully launching the channel in the United States, TBS decided to launch the channel in other countries. The Cartoon Network channels in other countries distributes Cartoon Network's original shows in different languages.

Cartoon Network is a cable channel for the Warner Bros. franchises like Looney Tunes, Scooby-Doo, Tom and Jerry, The Flintstones, Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman and many others.

History
History

On August 9, 1986, Turner Broadcasting System acquired Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists. On October 18, Turner forcibly sold back MGM. However, Turner kept much of the film and television library made before May 1986 (including some of the UA library) and formed Turner Entertainment Co. On October 8, 1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and gained an audience with its extensive film library. In 1991, Turner also purchased the library of animation studio Hanna-Barbera. Ted Turner selected Betty Cohen (then-Senior Vice President of TNT) to devise a network to house these programs. On February 18, 1992, Turner Broadcasting announced its plans to launch Cartoon Network as an outlet for an animation library. On October 1, 1992, the network officially launched as the first 24-hour single-genre cable channel with animation as its main theme. The continuity announcers would call it "The Cartoon Network," until 1995, when it was simply dubbed Cartoon Network as it is today.
In 1994, Hanna-Barbera's new division Cartoon Network Studios was founded and started production on What a Cartoon! This show debuted in 1995, offering original animated shorts. In 1996, Cartoon Network aired two programs: Big Bag, a live-action/puppet show produced by Children's Television Workshop (not counting Sesame Street), and Small World an anthology TV series. Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner, which consolidated/reverted ownership of all the Warner Bros. cartoons. The network could then continue more original productions.

Production company

Cartoon Network Studios is the channel’s production company. it was founded in 1995.

Related pages
 List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network

Other websites
 Official Site

References 

 
American television channels
1992 establishments in the United States
Criminal Minds is an American police procedural television series. It was first broadcast on September 22, 2005, on CBS.

On March 14, 2012, CBS renewed Criminal Minds for an eighth season, which premiered on September 26, 2012.

The series ended on February 19, 2020.

Notes

References 

2005 American television series debuts
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime drama television series
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Herero may refer to:

Herero language
Herero people
The Herero Wikipedia
Lake Wobegon is a fictional town in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the setting of Garrison Keillor's News from Lake Wobegon which is part of his weekly radio variety show, A Prairie Home Companion. Keillor tells stories of life in a small Minnesota town every week. The weekly segment is broadcast on National Public Radio and available as a podcast via iTunes.

In Keillor's weekly stories about Lake Wobegon, he describes the town:

 He usually starts the stories as "Well, it's been a quiet week in Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, my hometown, out there on the edge of the prairie."
 He says about Lake Wobegon "the little town that time forgot, and the decades cannot improve."
 He ends the stories by "Well, that's the news from Lake Wobegon, where all the women are strong, all the men are good looking, and all the children are above average."

References

Fictional locations
Radio programs
Minnesota in fiction
La Fille Mal Gardée is a comedy ballet in three scenes. Its title means The Unchaperoned Daughter. The music is by Ferdinand Hérold. The choreography is by Dauberval. It was first performed in Bordeaux, France in 1789. It was then presented at the Grand Theatre in Paris on July 1, 1789. It is the oldest ballet still performed by major ballet companies.

Notes

References
 

Ballets
The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on 5 September 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine in the United States. It was named after nearby Portsmouth, New Hampshire. US President Theodore Roosevelt got the Nobel Peace Prize for helping the negotiations.

Portsmouth
20th century in Russia
20th century in Japan
1905
Treaties of Russia
August Bournonville (21 August 1805 – 30 November 1879) was a Danish ballet master and choreographer.  He studied in Paris as a young man. He became a solo dancer with the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen. He became the company's choreographer from 1830 to 1877. He created more than 50 ballets. Only a limited number survive. It was only after World War II that his ballets became known outside Denmark. 

His work is a link with earlier ballet traditions. He avoided the excesses of romantic ballet. He gave equal emphasis to both the male and female dancer. The extremes of human nature were tempered in his work and a more balanced picture of human nature emerged. His ballets include Napoli and The Conservatory.

Choreographers
1805 births
1879 deaths
Danish people
Napoli is a ballet in three acts. The story of the ballet and the dances are the work of August Bournonville. The music was written by E. Helsted, Gade, and Paulli. Napoli was first danced by the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen on 29 March 1842. Napoli has not changed over the years. It is danced in Copenhagen today exactly as it was danced in 1842. It is said to be Bournonville's greatest ballet.
Story of the ballet 
The beautiful Neapolitan girl Teresina loves Gennaro, a very poor fisherman. Gennaro and Teresina sail out into the Gulf of Naples. A storm washes Teresina into the sea. Gennaro sets out to save her. Teresina has been taken to the blue grotto (a rocky cave) by sea spirits. The grotto is the home of the powerful spirit Golfo. He plans to keep Teresina in the grotto. He changes her into a spirit. Gennaro sails into the grotto. He prays to the Madonna and Teresina becomes herself again. Gennaro and Teresina go back to Naples. The people believe Teresina was saved through witchcraft. A priest says it was a miracle. The people are happy. Teresina and Gennaro marry.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Excerpt from the third act "Tarantella"

Ballets
Boxer or boxers might mean:

A person who practices the sport of boxing
Boxer (dog), a dog breed
Boxer (Animal Farm), a character in the book Animal Farm
Boxer briefs, a type of underwear
Boxer shorts, a type of underwear
Boxer Rebellion, a conflict in China in 1899 and 1900
The Royal Danish Ballet is one of the oldest ballet companies in the world. It is based in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its origin dates to 1748, when the Royal Danish Theatre was founded. The company was finally organized in 1771 in response to the great popularity of French and Italian styles of dance. The Royal Danish Theatre has served as the company's home since its founding.   

Ballet companies
Marie Taglioni (18041884) was a ballerina. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 23 April 1804. Her father was the choreographer Filippo Taglioni. He created the seminal romantic ballet La Sylphide to showcase her talents.

She was the first ballerina to dance en pointe for the sake of artistry rather than spectacle. She created a scandal when she shortened her ballet skirts to display her footwork.

She danced mostly in London at Her Majesty's Theatre and in Paris at the Opéra. In 1827, she began a three-year stint with the Imperial Ballet in St Petersburg. She danced in Pas de Quatre with Carlotta Grisi, Lucille Grahn, and Fanny Cerrito in July 1845. She retired in 1847 and lived in Venice, Italy.
She was the guiding spirit behind the reorganization of the Paris Opéra Ballet. In later life, she taught social dances to children and society ladies. She also took a limited number of ballet pupils.  Johann Strauss II composed the Marie Taglioni Polka, Op. 173 in her honour. She died in Marseilles on 24 April 1884.

Ballet dancers
Ballerinas
1804 births
1884 deaths
Swedish entertainers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Disease-related deaths in France
Curiosity is an emotion that shows a want or need to know new things. It is shown in behavior such as exploration, investigation, and learning. It is an innate behaviour of humans and many animal species. Curiosity is a major cause and force behind scientific research and other studies. 

Curiosity is common to humans at all ages starting from infancy, through adulthood. It is easy to see in many other animal species, such as apes, cats, rodents, fish, reptiles, and insects. Although it is an innate behaviour of many living beings, it is not thought of as an instinct because it is not a fixed action pattern.

A morbid curiosity is an addictive curiosity with death, violence, or something else that may hurt you physically or emotionally.

References

Emotions
Creativity
Problem solving
The Indoor Football League (IFL) is a professional indoor American football league created in 2008 out of the combination of the Intense Football League and United Indoor Football. For the 2011 season the league had 22 teams in 14 different U.S. states. The 2012 season has 16 teams. There championship is called the United Bowl. They play games in the Spring.

History

Creation
In 2008, the league was created due to tension between in the Intense Football League and United Indoor Football League.
2009 United Bowl Championship
The 2009 IFL United Bowl had the Intense Conference champs, the Billings Outlaws, against the upset-minded United Conference River City Rage. Scoring was common. The Outlaw defense had a pick in the 2nd quarter which led to another offensive touchdown and two score lead by halftime. The Rage fought back though, recovering an onside kick at the beginning of the 3rd quarter and driving the ball the length of the field for a touchdown. That would be the closest the game would get for the Rage. The Outlaws would put up just enough points to keep a comfortable lead throughout the fourth quarter and after recovering an onside kick in the last minute of the game, the Outlaws kneeled the ball and took home the crown with a score of 71-62 in a loud, sold out Rimrock Auto Arena.
2010 United Bowl Championship
In the 2010 IFL United Bowl, the Billings Outlaws of the Intense Conference took the league championship by beating Sioux Falls Storm of the United Conference 43-34 in front of a sold out crowd in the Billings Sportsplex (a training facility, used by the Outlaws after their arena suffered storm damage).

Other information
The IFL got more attention when former National Football League star wide receiver Terrell Owens joined the Allen Wranglers of the IFL for the 2012 season.

Teams

Current

Inactive

Map of teams

References

Other websites

 
 Owens to join Wranglers-ESPN
 Outlaws win IFL championship

Sports leagues
2008 establishments in the United States
The Malay race is a race that was first proposed by the German scientist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840). Blumenbach described five races, and classified them by the colour of people's skin. The Malay race was classified as the brown race. Since Blumenbach, many anthropologists have rejected his theory of five races. Most agree that classifying races is more complicated than Blumenbach allowed for. The Malay race are considered the aborigines of the Malay Archipelago, determined by their archeological foundings dated as far as 1 AD within the Malay Archipelago.

The term Malay race was often used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to describe the Austronesian peoples.

References

Race
Austronesian peoples
This is a list of programming blocks.  Programming blocks are groups of television programs that are played one after the other.  These programs are similar.  The hope is that viewers will keep watching television.

0–9
4Kids TV
120% Cartoon Network

A
ABC Daytime
ABC Kids (US)
ABC Kids (Australia)
ABC's Wide World of Entertainment
ABC 4 Kids
Action Pack
Adult Swim
Adult Swim (Australia)
Adult Swim (UK & Ireland)
Adult Swim (Canada)
AKTV
All New Sizzlin' Summer
Animation Domination
Animation Domination (Australia)
Animation Fixation
Animation Salvation
The Animation Station
Anime Complex
Anime Current
Aussie Gold
Animation Rules

B
Bionix
BKN
Book TV
Big Fun Weeknights

C
Cartoon Quest
CBS Block Party
CBS Daytime
CBS Kidshow
Comedytime Saturday
Cookie Jar Kids Network
Cookie Jar Toons
Cookie Jar TV
Crimetime After Primetime
Crimetime Saturday
Cúla 4
The CW Daytime
The CW4Kids
Cyw
Comedy with Bite

D
Discovery Kids on NBC
The Disney Afternoon
Disney's One Too
F
Fox Kids
Friday Night Stand-Up with Greg Giraldo
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera

G
Get Real!
Global's KTV
Good Night Show

J
Jetix
Jetix (Canada)
Jetix (US)

K
Kids' CBC
Kids' WB
Kids' WB Australia

L
Litton's Weekend Adventure
Lose Control

M
The Marvel Action Hour
Marvel Action Universe
Midnight Spank
Milkshake!
Musical Mornings with Coo

N
Nick in the Afternoon
Nick Jr.
Nickelodeon on CBS
Nickelodeon SPLAT!
NBC Daytime
Nick at Nite

O
Operation Prime Time
Old Skool Simpsons

P
PBS Kids
PBS Kids GO!
Pillow Head Hour
Planeta U
Playhouse Disney

Q
Qubo
Qubo Night Owl

R
Ready Set Learn
The Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show

S
S.C.I.F.I. World
Saturday Disney
SNICK
Stwnsh
Sunny Side Up Show
Super Hero Time
Super Simpsons
Super Sunday
Super Fun Saturdays

T
TEENick
TeenNick (UK & Ireland)
Teletoon at Night
TGIF
TNBC
Tom and Jerry's Funhouse on TBS
Too Funny To Sleep
Toonami
Toonami (Australia)
Toonami Pakistan
Toonin' Saturdays
Toonturama
Toonzai
The Trifecta
Tube Time
TVOKids
U
UPN Kids
USA Action Extreme Team
USA Cartoon Express
UT.V's Kidstv

W
Wiggly Waffle

Y
Yogi's Space Race
YTV Jr.

Z
The Zone

Television programs
Television lists
The Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action) (Spanish: Partido Comunista Chileno (Acción Proletaria) PC(AP)) is a non-registered hard-line communist political party in Chile. It was founded in November 8, 1979 and its first secretary is Eduardo Artés.

Ideology 
The party believes in classical Marxism–Leninism. The party is highly critical of the more known Communist Party of Chile and its moderate views.

Representation 
The party has no parliamentary representation due to their non-registered status.

Other websites 
PC(AP) Official website

Communist parties
1979 establishments
20th-century establishments in Chile
1970s establishments in South America
Political parties in Chile
The subalpine zone is the zone of plants just below tree line around the world. Species that occur in the zone vary according to where they are on the Earth. For example, Snow Gum in Australia, or Subalpine Larch, Mountain Hemlock and Subalpine Fir in western North America. 

Trees in the subalpine zone often become crooked, stunted and twisted in form. At treeline, tree seedlings may germinate on the lee (sheltered) side of rocks and grow only as high as the rock shelters them from wind. Further growth is more horizontal than vertical, and additional rooting may occur where branches touch the soil. Snow cover may protect trees during the winter, but branches higher than wind-shelters or snow cover are usually destroyed. Well-established trees may be several hundred to a thousand years old.

Montane grassland and shrubs may be found in the subalpine zone. Tuolumne Meadows in the Sierra Nevada of California is an example of a subalpine meadow.

References 

Ecozones

en:Montane ecology#Subalpine zone
Bidsar (बीदसर) or Beedsar is a village in the Laxmangarh tehsil of the Sikar district of Rajasthan state in India.

History

Before independence, the village was inhabited by Garhwal Jats.It is considered that a person, name Bida established Bidsar. The village was dominated by Garhwal Jats.

Location

The village is  east of Laxmangarh and  from Nawalgarh. The borders villages and towns including Birodi Bari, Bidasar, Mirzwash, Dundlod and Nawalgarh. On the road into the village there is a well that supplies water to the village next to an abandoned well. On the left side of the road is a common area for Holi celebrations. There are many houses and a few shops to the left of the same road in village common area. One Banyan tree is planted by late Shree Ramu Ram Garhwal. The village school is on the right of the road to Laxmangarh leads to the Government Secondary School.

Economy
Economy

About 80% (1500) of the population are engaged in farming. Village agriculture is dependent on the monsoon rains although today many farms use artesian wells for irrigation.

Transportation
Bidsar is connected by a two lane asphalt road to Laxmangarh and Nawalgarh. Nawalgarh Railway station 8 km from Bidsar, is the nearest railway station, which is  well connected from Jaipur, Delhi and other cities.

Education
The villagers claim to be fully literate while all children now attend school. However, many women remain illiterate, although literacy rates are improving. Many students of the village have obtained admission to pioneering engineering institutes as well as into medical colleges.

Religion

Villagers follow the Hindu religion. Jats, Harijans, Brahmins live in the village. They celebrate all major Hindu festivals.

Religious places
 Hari Baba Ashram, Bidsar (Chatarana Johra)
 Bala Giri Baba (Bhisrana Johra)
 Ganesh Ji Mandir (Kumana Johra)
 Shiv Mandir (Bidsar Bus Stand)
Other websites
 Details of Sarpanch in Sikar
 List of all villages of Rajasthan with their Panchayat Samiti 
 Sikar District Official Web Page 

Villages in India
Settlements in Rajasthan
Meet Me in St. Louis is a 1944 MGM musical movie. It tells the story of a family living in St. Louis, Missouri at the time of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair in 1904. It stars Judy Garland and Margaret O'Brien. Garland sang "The Trolley Song" and "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas". Both songs became big hits.

The movie was based on a series of short stories by Sally Benson. These stories were first published in The New Yorker magazine. Later, they were published in the novel 5135 Kensington.

The movie was directed by Vincente Minnelli. He met Garland on the set. Later, they married. The critics liked the movie. In 2005, Richard Schickel wrote, "It had wonderful songs [and] a sweetly unneurotic performance by Judy Garland ... Despite its nostalgic charm, Minnelli infused the piece with a dreamy, occasionally surreal, darkness and it remains, for some of us, the greatest of American movie musicals."
Reputation
The movie was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Color, Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture, Best Music, Song ("The Trolley Song") and Best Writing, Screenplay. In 1994, the movie was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

The American Film Institute ranked the movie 10th on AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals. Two songs from the movie made AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs ("The Trolley Song" at #26 and "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" at #76).

References

Other websites
 
 

American musical movies
United States National Film Registry movies
1944 musical movies
Movies based on books
MGM movies
Movies directed by Vincente Minnelli
Love Finds Andy Hardy is a 1938 romantic comedy movie. It tells the story of a teenage boy who becomes mixed up romantically with three girls all at the same time. It stars Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, and Lana Turner. The movie was directed by George B. Seitz. The movie was based on stories by Vivien R. Bretherton, and on characters created by Aurania Rouverol.

In 2000, Love Finds Andy Hardy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

1938 romantic comedy movies
American teen romance movies
United States National Film Registry movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by George B. Seitz
Topfreedom is a concept of rights. Topfreedom applies to women. It means the freedom to go topless (without wearing any clothing above the waist) in a public place.

There are many organizations which advocate topfreedom. Topfree Equal Rights Association (TERA)  is one such organization. Go Topless Day is a special day in August. In this day, women are told to go topless in public.

In the United States, each state has its own laws. The New York State Supreme Court said that women can go topless in public. Later, the police arrested a woman (in 2005) in New York City for walking along a street without wearing a shirt. She sued (started a court case against) the city for violating the New York State Supreme Court rule that women can go topless in public. The city finally paid her $29,000 because she was right and the police were wrong.
In three provinces in Canada (Ontario, Manitoba and British Columbia) women can be topless in public. However there are sometimes city laws saying women cannot be topless in city parks. Law professors say women probably can be topless in public in the other provinces, but nobody knows for sure. The question has not been decided by the Supreme (national) Court of Canada.

Sometimes women who swim "topless" in the United States use pasties to cover their nipples. It can be a protest against laws telling them to cover their breasts.

Related pages
Toplessness

References

Human rights
Nudity
Women
Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary is a medical dictionary edited by William Alexander Newman Dorland, and first printed in 1890. The word Dorland's is now the brand name for a family of more than 20 medical books available in various media (including printed books, CD-ROMs, and online content). The main books are Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (now in its 32nd edition) and Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictionary (now in its 28th edition). Dorland's Medical Dictionary was first published in 1890 as the American Illustrated Medical Dictionary, including 770 pages. The pocket edition, called the American Pocket Medical Dictionary, was first published in 1898, with just over 500 pages.

After Dorland died in 1956, the dictionaries were retitled to include his name, which was how they had generally come to be known.  The illustrated dictionary has grown to 2208 pages for the 31st edition.
Other websites
Dorland's official website
Elsevier page for Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 31st Edition 
Online version provided by the Free Dictionary

Dictionaries
A throat culture is a medical test which looks for bacteria or fungus that cause infections in the throat. A sterile piece of cotton is rubbed across the back of the throat near the tonsils. This may cause a person to want to cough or vomit. The bacteria on the cotton are then grown in a laboratory where scientists can identify them using a microscope.

References

Medical tests
The List of Giravanz Kitakyushu players is evolving.  The history of the team is created by its players.

Giravanz Kitakyushu is a Japanese professional football club in Kitakyūshū on the island of Kyushu.

List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Yuki Fuji
 Taro Hasegawa
 Tomoki Ikemoto
 Kazuya Kawabata
 Hiroyoshi Kuwabara
 Satoshi Nagano
 Daisuke Miyakawa
 Hiroki Mizuhara
 Jun Muramatsu
 Yasuaki Oshima
 Yuya Sano
 Takaki Shigemitsu
 Shogo Tokihisa

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 List of Japanese football teams

References

Other websites

 Giravanz Kitakyushu website 
  J.League Club Guide 

Giravanz Kitakyushu
is a Japanese city and port on the southern coast of Hokkaido It is the largest city in the Iburi Subprefecture.

History
The city was founded on April 1, 1948.

References

Other websites

 http://www.city.tomakomai.hokkaido.jp/e-page/ ;  

Cities in Hokkaido
was a Japanese town in the Miyako District of Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,268 and a density of 74.16 persons per km². The total area was 98.00 km².

On March 20, 2006 Saigawa was merged with the towns of Katsuyama and Toyotsu.  Each became part of the new town of Miyako.

References

Other websites
Miyako website 

Towns in Fukuoka Prefecture
Play with Me Sesame is a half-hour children's television series created for the Noggin TV channel. It is based on the television series Sesame Street, and it is about the Muppet characters Ernie, Bert, Grover, and Prairie Dawn. The show started on April 1, 2002 on Noggin in the United States.

List of Segments
Ernie Says
Prairie Dawn's Art Class
Prairie Dawn's Music Class
Kit and Domby's Art Class (UK version)
Bert's Computer
Move and Groove with Grover
End Segment

Muppet Performers 

Fran Brill as Prairie Dawn and Zoe (Season 2)
Eric Jacobson as Bert and Grover
David Rudman as Cookie Monster (Season 2)
John Tartaglia as Ernie (Season 2)
Steve Whitmire as Ernie (Seasons 1 and 3)
Richard Coombs as Domby (UK version)
Andy Heath as Kit (UK version)
Song Lyrics 
Grover: Hello, every-bodeee!
Ernie: Somebody come and play.
Prairie: Okay!
Ernie: Somebody come and play today.
Grover: Somebody come and play some games.
Prairie: And sing the songs.
Bert: And play along.
Ernie: Somebody come and play today. (Bert, Ernie and Prairie laugh)
Grover: It's going to be so much fun!
Ernie: Somebody come and play with me, oh, I can hardly wait!
Prairie: Ah-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi!
Ernie: There's so much to do together on our playdate! (Laughs)
Grover: Everybody now!

All:  Somebody come and play.
Somebody come and play today.
Somebody come and join the fun.
There's lots of room for everyone.
Somebody come and play today.
Play with me Sesame!! (Cheering)

Children's television series
2002 television series debuts
2007 television series endings
Sesame Street
is a Japanese town in the Ikoma District of Nara Prefecture.

History
Two ancient tombs in this area are maintained by the Imperial Household Agency.

References

Other websites

 Heguri website 

Towns in Japan
Settlements in Nara Prefecture
A casino is a gambling establishment where gambling with declared monetary or other property gains is carried out using roulette, gaming tables for card games and dice, gambling machines, and other gambling equipment. The board game is conducted with the help of assistants - the dealer.

In modern English, casinos are places associated with gambling. These are often built on or around hotels, cruise ships, restaurants and certain other places.

There are lots of casinos in the US state of Nevada and especially in the area of Las Vegas called the "Strip". Other places famous for their casinos is Monte Carlo in Monaco and Macau in China, but they are also prevalent in certain other parts of the world.

In Mexico, gambling is regulated by the Gaming Regulations. It regulates all gambling games and is governed by the law except the National Lottery, which is ruled through its own regulation.
Gambling in Canada is regulated on the Federal level by the Criminal Code of Canada whose Section 201- 207 provides for laws relating to betting and gambling.

The principle of most games held in the casino is the result of the game, for its participant depends, first of all, on the element of chance. In casino games, a casino can act as the actual organizer (roulette, blackjack, craps), and as a serving party (Texas poker, Omaha poker, baccarat, etc.).

In the most casinos in the world gambling halls are divided into two types: a hall of traditional games and a games room. Games that have gained the most popularity in casinos around the world: roulette, blackjack, poker, baccarat, punto-banko, craps, slot machines etc.
In 1994 the internet brought forth the web's first online casino named the Gaming Club. It was developed by Microgaming software and is still operating with active players today. Microgaming became one of the internet casino industry's largest providers of online gambling software early on. Internet casinos are currently legal and regulated in the United Kingdom and some parts of the United States.

References

Casinos
Casino is a 1995 American movie starring Robert De Niro, Sharon Stone, Frank Vincent and Joe Pesci. It was directed by Martin Scorsese. It is set in the 1970s and 1980s and is based around criminals and gambling. This movie was released in autumn 1995 in the United States, and like many movies set in the 1970s, has some anachronisms.

Other websites 

1995 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American gangster movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
1990s English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies based on books
Movies based on real life events
Movies directed by Martin Scorsese
Movies set in California
Movies set in Las Vegas
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 1980s
Universal Pictures movies
Adultery in movies
Cinderella, Op. 87 is a ballet. The scenario by Nikolai Volkov was based on the 1697 fairy tale Cendrillon by Charles Perrault. The music was composed by Sergei Prokofiev between 1940 and 1944. The premiere of Cinderella was conducted by Yuri Fayer on November 21, 1945, at the Bolshoi Theatre. The choreography was composed by Rostislav Zakharov. Galina Ulanova danced the title role. Three orchestral suites were extracted from the ballet, and three collections of piano arrangements.

Story 
Cinderella lives with her wicked stepsisters. A beggar (who reveals herself to be a fairy) rewards Cinderella by giving her a coach and a new look. At the royal ball, Cinderella falls in love with the prince. She stays only until midnight when the spell wears off. She leaves her slipper behind. The prince uses it to find her again. 

Ballets
Compositions by Sergei Prokofiev
American actress and songstress Judy Garland is a gay icon. She rose to iconic status in the 1950s. At that time, gays admired her talent as a performer, and her value as a camp figure. She was often parodied in drag revues. Her struggles with drugs, alcohol, and personal relationships during her adulthood mirrored similar struggles among urban closeted gays during the same era. Garland's role as Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz may be the foundation stone of her iconic status.  Following her death in 1969 and the Stonewall riots, Garland's status as a gay icon began to slip. Young gay men embraced their sexual orientation with pride rather than shame, and could or would not identify with Garland's melodramatic victimhood and emotionalism.

Who was Judy Garland?
Judy Garland was born Francis Ethel Gumm in Grand Rapids, Minnesota in 1922. Her parents were vaudevillians who operated a movie theatre that featured vaudeville acts. Judy was a toddler when she joined her two older sisters in singing "Jingle Bells" from the stage of her parents' theatre. The sisters performed as The Gumm Sisters for the next few years. The Gumms moved to Lancaster, California in 1926 when Judy's father was rumored to be making sexual advances to young male theatre ushers.

The Gumm Sisters continued to perform successfully. They made their movie debut in 1929. In 1934 they changed their name to The Garland Sisters. Judy was signed by MGM in 1935 and made many movies including the Andy Hardy series with Mickey Rooney and The Wizard of Oz. Judy was given amphetamines and barbiturates to keep up with the hectic pace of moviemaking. She became addicted to drugs.
Garland as tragic figure 
Gay identification with Garland as a tragic figure was being discussed as early as 1967. Time magazine reviewed Garland's 1967 Palace Theatre engagement in New York City, and wrote that a "disproportionate part of her nightly claque seems to be homosexual." The review goes on to say that "[t]he boys in the tight trousers" (a phrase Time repeatedly used to describe gay men) would "roll their eyes, tear at their hair and practically levitate from their seats" during Garland's performances.

Time tried to explain Garland's appeal to the homosexual. Psychiatrists thought that "the attraction [to Garland] might be made considerably stronger by the fact that she has survived so many problems; homosexuals identify with that kind of hysteria". They speculated that "Judy was beaten up by life, embattled, and ultimately had to become more masculine. She has the power that homosexuals would like to have, and they attempt to attain it by idolizing her."
William Goldman wrote in Esquire magazine about the same Palace engagement. He too disparages the gay men in attendance. He dismisses them as "fags" who "flit by" chattering inanely. He also advances the tragic figure concept. He suggests that "if [homosexuals] have an enemy, it is age.  And Garland is youth, perennially, over the rainbow." He wrote, "Homosexuals tend to identify with suffering. They are a persecuted group and they understand suffering. And so does Garland. She's been through the fire and lived – all the drinking and divorcing, all the pills and all the men, all the poundage come and gone – brothers and sisters, she knows."
Camp aspects 
Gay movie scholar Richard Dyer has defined camp as "a characteristically gay way of handling the values, images and products of the dominant culture through irony, exaggeration, trivialisation, theatricalisation and an ambivalent making fun of and out of the serious and respectable." Garland is camp, he asserts, because she is "imitable, her appearance and gestures copiable in drag acts". He calls her "ordinariness" in her early MGM movies camp in their "failed seriousness" and her later style "wonderfully over-the-top."

Garland herself acknowledged her camp appeal during her lifetime. She once said, "When I die I have visions of fags singing 'Over the Rainbow' and the flag at Fire Island being flown at half mast." Fire Island is a resort community that lies off Long Island. It has a large LGBT presence. The Island is also referenced in Garland's last movie I Could Go On Singing. The movie is described as "her most gay film" and as the movie most aware of its gay audience.

Friend of Dorothy
Friend of Dorothy 

Another connection between Garland and LGBT people is the slang term "Friend of Dorothy". This term likely derives from Garland's portrayal of Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz. It became a code phrase gay people used to identify each other. Dorothy's journey from Kansas to Oz "mirrored many gay men's desires to escape the black-and-white limitations of small town life ... for big, colorful cities filled with quirky, gender-bending characters who would welcome them."

In the movie, Dorothy immediately accepts those who are different. The Lion identifies himself through song as a "sissy" and exhibits stereotypically "gay" (or at least effeminate) mannerisms. The Lion is seen as a coded example of Garland meeting and accepting a gay man without question.

Stonewall riots
Stonewall riots 

It has been said that Garland's death and funeral, held in New York City in June 1969, helped inspire the Stonewall riots. However, some observers of the riots contend that most of those involved "were not the type to moon over Judy Garland records or attend her concerts at Carnegie Hall. They were more preoccupied with where they were going to sleep and where their next meal would come from." In a 2009 interview, gay historian David Carter stated that this connection was based on a mocking reference to the riot by an anti-gay writer in the Village Voice the next day. There was certainly an awareness and appreciation of Garland among Stonewall Inn patrons. Because the bar had no liquor license, it was passed off as a bottle club and patrons were required to sign in. Many used pseudonyms and "Judy Garland" was among the most popular.
Time magazine would write decades later: "The uprising was inspirited by a potent cocktail of pent-up rage (raids of gay bars were brutal and routine), overwrought emotions (hours earlier, thousands had wept at the funeral of Judy Garland) and drugs. As a 17-year-old cross-dresser was being led into the paddy wagon and got a shove from a cop, she fought back. She hit the cop and was so stoned, she didn't know what she was doing—or didn't care. Garland's daughter Lorna Luft points to the connection with pride, saying that her mother was a "huge, huge advocate of human rights" and that Garland would have found the rioting appropriate.

Rainbow flag and family and friends
The rainbow flag, a symbol of the LGBT community, may have been inspired, in part, by Garland's signature song "Over the Rainbow." Garland's performance of this song has been described as "the sound of the closet," speaking to gay men whose image "they presented in their own public lives was often at odds with a truer sense of self that mainstream society would not condone."

Judy Garland's father and other significant people in her life were gay. Garland's father Frank Gumm would apparently seduce or at least keep company with very young men or older teens. He would move on when told to leave or before his activities could be discovered.  Garland's husband Vincente Minnelli was generally known to be a closeted bisexual. Garland liked to visit gay bars with openly gay friends Roger Edens and George Cukor, to the chagrin of her handlers at MGM.

Notes

Reading list

Other websites
Other websites 

 The Judy Garland Database
 The Judy Room
 The Judy Garland Birthplace and Museum in Grand Rapids, MN  
 The Judy Garland Club: established 1963; official international Club supported by Judy during her lifetime   
 Judy Garland: By Myself – American Masters special 

LGBT
Ugly Americans is an American animated television show created by Devin Clark and developed by David M. Stern. The show is on the life of Mark Lilly, a social worker working for the Department of Integration, in an similar version of New York City which has monsters and creatures in it.

Ugly Americans was first broadcast on March 17, 2010 on Comedy Central. The series is based on a webseries by Devin Clark that is named 5 On with Alan Whiter.

It is on The Comedy Network in Canada and was first broadcast on the same day at the same time.

References

American animated television series
American comedy television series
English-language television programs
60 Minutes is a CBS television news program, which began in 1968. The program was created by Don Hewitt.

In February 2009, TV Guide named 60 Minutes 6th on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.

References 

1968 television series debuts
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
The Cay is an American drama film based on the book, The Cay. It aired on NBC on October 21, 1974.

1974 movies
NBC network shows
Movies based on books
Carlo Bergonzi (July 13, 1924 – 25 July 2014) was an Italian tenor. He performed in Italian operas, especially in the works of Giuseppe Verdi. He was noted for his very good musical skills and style.

Life and career

Bergonzi was born in Vidalenzo, near Parma, Italy. He studied in Parma with Grandini. His first performance was in 1948 in Lecce, as Figaro in Il Barbiere di Siviglia. For that, he sang as a baritone. After more studies, he retrained himself as a tenor. His first performance as a tenor was in 1951 in Bari, as Andrea Chenier. That same year, on the 100th anniversary of  Verdi's death, he sang on Italian radio in several Verdi works, such as I Due Foscari, Giovanna d'Arco, Simon Boccanegra, etc.

He first sang at La Scala in Milan in 1953, at the Chicago Lyric Opera in 1955, the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 1956, and the Royal Opera House in London in 1962.
He sung most of the leading roles in Italian opera, notably Nemorino, Edgardo, Ernani, Macduff, Duke of Mantua, Alfredo, Riccardo, Alvaro, Carlo, Radames, Enzo, Turriddu, des Grieux, Rodolfo, Cavaradossi, Pinkerton, etc. He made many recordings, notably a recording of Verdi's complete tenor arias. This remains a unique achievement.

He died in Milan.

References

Sources
 The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.

1924 births
2014 deaths
Musicians from Emilia-Romagna
Italian tenors