Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
This road got the name Ryknild Street during the 12th century when it was named by Ranulf Higdon, a monk writing in 1344 in his Polychronicon. Higdon, gives the name of the fourth road as Rikenild Strete, which, he says, tends from the south-west to the north, and begins at St. David's and continues to the mouth of the Tyne, passing Worcester, Droitwich, Birmingham, Lichfield, Derby, and Chesterfield. It has borne that name, or Rigning, Reenald, or Rignall, from early times. In three of the four MSS. of Higdon, the name is given Rikenilde, Rikenyldes, and in the fourth, which is said to be one of the earliest, Hikenil Street. Trevisa's English translation (1387) calls it Rykeneldes Street. Harverfield writing in the Victoria County History of Warwickshire doubted if the road had any real and original right to either name, preferring Ryknild as no less correct, (or no more wrong) and being able to separate it from Icknield Street in Oxfordshire and Berkshire
. It is now called Icknield or Ryknild Street to separate it from the older Icknield Way. A kept part of the Roman road can be seen at Sutton Park in Birmingham.
References 
Birmingham Roman Roads Project 
Metchley Fort, Birmingham 
Derby City Council list of Scheduled Ancient Monuments 
Full text of Roman Roads in Britain, Thomas Codrington
An History of Birmingham (1783) by William Hutton at Project Gutenberg

Archaeological sites in England
Roman roads in Britain
Family
Grenfell was born on 4 September 1880. His parents were Sophia and Pascoe Du Pré Grenfell. He was one of fifteen children. He had a twin brother, Riversdale Grenfell. He was also in the 9th Lancers and killed in action in September 1914. Admiral John Pascoe Grenfell was their grandfather. Field Marshal Francis Grenfell, 1st Baron Grenfell was their uncle. An older brother, Lieutenant Robert Septimus Grenfell, 21st Lancers, was killed in a cavalry charge during the Battle of Omdurman in 1898. Three other brothers, Cecil Grenfell, Howard Maxwell Grenfell and Arthur Morton Grenfell all reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army. A cousin, Lieutenant Claude George Grenfell was killed at Spion Kop during the Boer War. Two other cousins Julian Grenfell (the poet) and his brother Gerald William Grenfell were killed in the First World War.
Grenfell was a representative cricket player at Eton collage. He joined the army in 1900 and first served in the Second Boer War in the King's Royal Rifle Corps.

Victoria Cross

Later, he served in First World War in the 9th Lancers, British Army. He was 33 years old and a Captain, when he was awarded the VC for the following brave deed.

On 24 August 1914 at Audregnies, Belgium, Captain Grenfell rode with the regiment in a charge against a large body of unbroken German infantry. Damages of friendly army were so heavy, and Grenfell was left as the senior officer. When he was reorganizing the regiment behind a railway bank, he was twice hit and severely wounded. But once he was asked to save the guns by Major Ernest Wright Alexander of the 119th Battery, Royal Field Artillery, Grenfell and some volunteers helped to push the guns out of range of enemy fire, under a shower of bullets.
London Gazette on 16 September 1914 wrote as follows:
He was killed in action on 24 May 1915 and is buried in the Vlamertinghe Military Cemetery.

Legacy
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of the 9th/12th Royal Lancers housed in Derby Museum and Art Gallery, Derby, England.

Polo 
All nine of the Grenfell brothers were expert polo players. Francis and his brother Riversdale Grenfell were regarded as the best in the family. Francis was rated at an 8 goal handicap. The twin brothers were on the Ranelagh team that won the American Open. And they were on the team Freebooters, alongside Leopold Christian Duncan Jenner and the Duke of Roxburghe, that won the Hurlingham Champion Cup.

References

Other websites 
 - (biography)

1880 births
1915 deaths
People from Surrey
Twin people from the United Kingdom
Sudan was first at the Olympic Games in 1960.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation did not attend the 1964 Games, boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics along with most African nations, and boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Sudan was formed in 1956 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1959.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 
 Sudan profile at London2012.com 

Sudan
Nations at the Olympics
Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland) was first at the Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next two games but returned for the 1984 games in Los Angeles. They have been in all games since then. They were in the 1992 Winter Olympics.

Swaziland has been represented by the Eswatini Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association since 1972.

Swaziland has never won a medal.

Olympic table Summer

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Swaziland profile at London2012.com 

Eswatini
Nations at the Olympics
Tanzania was first at the Olympic Games in 1964.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the boycotted 1976 Games.  The nation has been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Tanzania was formed in 1968 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  United Republic of Tanzania profile at London2012.com 
 

Sport in Tanzania
Nations at the Olympics
Togo has been to every Summer Olympic Games held since 1972 except for 1976 and 1980.  No athletes from Togo have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Togo profile at London2012.com 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of Togo
Tunisia was first at the Olympic Games in 1960.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Tunisia has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Tunisia was formed in 1957.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  Tunisia profile at London2012.com 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Uganda was first at the Olympic Games in 1956.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the boycotted 1976 Summer Olympics.  Uganda has never been at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Uganda was formed in 1950 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1956.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  Uganda profile at London2012.com 

Uganda
Nations at the Olympics
Zambia has been in 10 Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. They competed before as Northern Rhodesia.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  Zambia profile at London2012.com 

Sport in Zambia
Nations at the Olympics
Zimbabwe was first at the Olympic Games in 1980. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then. They first attended the Winter Olympic Games in 2014.

The National Olympic Committee for Zimbabwe was formed in 1934 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1980.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
 Rhodesia at the Olympics

References

Other websites
 
  Zimbabwe profile at London2012.com 

Sport in Zimbabwe
Nations at the Olympics
Rhodesia at the Olympics is a history which began in 1928. 

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Rhodesia is RHO.

History
A team from Rhodesia was first in the Olympic Games in 1928. They were also at the 1960 Summer Olympics and 1964 Summer Olympics. The country always competed as a British territory. It was unable to be in the 1968 Games in Mexico. 

Following Ian Smith's declaration of an independent Rhodesian republic in 1970, they never competed again. In 1972 Rhodesia was expelled by the International Olympic Committee four days before the opening ceremony.  This was due to pressure from other African countries, which did not recognise the legitimacy of the Rhodesian state. The country's successor state, Zimbabwe, made its Olympic début in 1980.

Rhodesia was never in the Winter Olympics. No Rhodesian athlete ever won an Olympic medal.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
 Zimbabwe at the Olympics

References

Former nations at the Olympics
Rhodesia
Antigua and Barbuda were first at the Olympic Games in 1976.  They have been in each Games since then, missing only the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The Antigua and Barbuda Olympic Association was formed in 1966 after the end of the West Indies Federation in 1962, and recognized in 1976.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Flagbearers

References

Other websites 
 Antigua and Barbuda profile at London2012.com 

Sport in Antigua and Barbuda
Nations at the Olympics
Argentina was first at the Olympic Games in 1900.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Argentina is ARG.

History
Argentine athletes have won a total of 66 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, mostly in boxing.  The nation has not won any medals at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Argentina was formed and recognized in 1923.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites

 
 Argentina profile at London2012.com 

Sport in Argentina
Nations at the Olympics
Aruba was first at the Olympic Games in 1988.  They have been in each Summer Olympic Games since then.  Aruba has not won an Olympic medal. Aruba has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.

Previously Aruba competed under Netherlands Antilles, Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1952 until 1984. Aruba became a separate region of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1986.

The National Olympic Committee for Aruba was formed in 1985 and recognized in 1986.

Olympic games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
Netherlands Antilles at the Olympics

References

Other websites 
 Aruba profile at London2012.com 

Aruba
Nations at the Olympics
The Bahamas were first at the Olympic Games in 1952.  

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Bahamas is BAH.

History
Athletes from the Bahamas have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Bahamas is the Bahamas Olympic Association, and was formed in 1952.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bahamas profile at London2012.com 
 Bahamas at Olympic.org

Sport in the Bahamas
Nations at the Olympics
Barbados was first at the Summer Olympic Games in 1968.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Barbados  was BAD.  It is now is BAR.

History
Athletes from Barbados have been in each Games since then, missing only the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. The country's only Olympic medal is a bronze won by sprinter Obadele Thompson at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Barbados was part of the West Indies Federation in 1960. Barbadian athlete James Wedderburn was part of the 4 × 400 m relay team which won the bronze medal that year.

Barbados has been in the Winter Olympic Games since 2002.

Medals

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Barbados profile at London2012.com 

Sport in Barbados
Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of Barbados
Belize was first at the Olympic Games in 1968.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has been in the Winter Olympic Games on three occasions in 2010, 2014 and 2018 but it yet to appear since then.  From 1968 to 1972, Belize was known by its colonial name of British Honduras.

As of 2011, no athlete from Belize has ever won an Olympic medal.

The National Olympic Committee for Belize was formed in 1967 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Belize profile at London2012.com 
 Belize at Olympics.org

Sport in Belize
Nations at the Olympics
Bermuda was first at the Olympic Games in 1936.  

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Bermuda is BER.

History
Athletes from Bermuda have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. Bermuda has also been in every Winter Olympic Games since 1992.

As of 2011, Clarence Hill is the only Bermudian to win an Olympic medal. This makes Bermuda the least populated nation [53,500 in 1976] in Olympic history to win a medal at the Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Bermuda was formed in 1935 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1936.

List of medalists

Olympic Medal table (Summer)

Olympic medal table (Winter)

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bermuda profile at London2012.com 
 Bermuda at Olympic.org

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Bermuda
The Nissan Qashqai is a car produced by Nissan Motor Company. It replaced the models Nissan Almera, Nissan Primera and Nissan Terrano II in 2007. The model is produced in Sunderland in the UK and is a popular car there, it was facelifted in 2010 and entered its second generation in 2014.  The third generation launched in 2021.

Engines 
 1.6 84 kW (114 hp) and 86 kW (117 hp)
 2.0 104 kW (141 hp)
 1.5 dCi 76 kW (103 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)
 2.0 dCi 110 kW (150 hp)

Qashqai
Front wheel drive vehicles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Bolivia was first at the Olympic Games in 1936.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Bolivia is BOL.

History
Athletes from Bolivia have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1964, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has also been in the Winter Olympic Games on several occasions since 1956, but not since 1992.

As of 2011, no athlete from Bolivia has won an Olympic medal.  The National Sub-15 Football team won a gold medal at the Youth Olympic Games in Singapore 2010.

   
Geovana Irust Morejon, an Olympic athlete in the running section, is also famous although she never won any medals.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bolivia profile at London2012.com 
 BOlivia at Olympic.org

Bolivia
Nations at the Olympics
The Nissan Note  is a car produced by Nissan Motor Company. It replaced the Nissan Almera Tino in 2005.

First generation 
It became available in Japan in early 2005 and in Europe in early 2006.

Engines 
 1.4 65 kW (88 hp)
 1.5 80 kW (109 hp)
 1.6 81 kW (110 hp)
 1.5 dCi 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.5 dCi 63 kW (86 hp)
 1.5 dCi 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.5 dCi 76 kW (103 hp)

Second generation/Versa Note

Engines 
 1,2 L HR12DE l3 58 KW (79 hp)
 1,2 L HR12DDR I3 72 KW (98 hp)
 1,5 L K9K dCi l4 
 1,6 L HR16DE l4 82 KW (111 hp) (Versa Note)

Other websites 

Note
Front wheel drive vehicles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Brazil was first at the Olympic Games in 1920.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Brazil is BRA.

History
Athletes from Brazil have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the 1928 Games.  Brazil has been in the Winter Olympic Games since 1992.

Brazilian athletes have won a total of 108 medals, with volleyball, sailing and judo as the top medal-producing sports.

The National Olympic Committee for Brazil was formed in 1914 and recognized in 1935. Brazil won the rights to host the 2016 Olympics in the city of Rio de Janerio.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

  Brazil profile at London2012.com 
 Brazil at Olympic.org

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of Brazil
The British Virgin Islands has been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1984. They have never won a medal.  They have never been in the Winter Olympics.

Summary

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Virgin Islands, British profile at London2012.com 

British Virgin Islands
Nations at the Olympics
Canada has been to every Winter Olympic Games and almost every Summer Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Canada is CAN.

History
A Canadian team was not at the 1896 Summer Olympics and the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. Canada has won at least one medal at every Olympics.  The Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) is the National Olympic Committee for Canada.

Canada set a gold medals record in a single Winter Olympics during the 2010 Winter Olympics, which they hosted in Vancouver.

Hosting the Games
Canada has hosted the Games three times.

Medals

Hockey
Hockey has been Canada's best medal earning sport, along with curling. They have competed at every tournament in both sports.

M = Men's W= Women's B = Both
Records
In 2008, Equestrian show jumper Ian Millar was at his ninth Summer Olympics, tying the record for most Olympic games participated in set by Austrian sailor Hubert Raudaschl between 1964 and 1996. Millar was selected for ten straight Olympic teams, but was not at the 1980 Summer Olympics. In 2008 Millar won his first medal, a silver medal in the team jumping event.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Canada profile at London2012.com 
 Canadian Medals by Olympic Games 
 CBC Digital Archives - Gold Medal Athletes - 1948-1968
 CBC Digital Archives - Cold Gold: Canada's Winter Winners 1984–2002
 Most Canadian Olympic Medals 

Sport in Canada
Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of Canada
The Cayman Islands were first at the Olympic Games in 1976.  They have been in each Games since, missing the 1980 Summer Olympics.  The Cayman Islands have not won an Olympic medal.

After Jamaican independence in 1962, the Cayman Islands became a separate British Overseas Territory. The Cayman Islands Olympic Committee was formed in 1973 and recognized in 1976.

The first time the Cayman Islands competed in any Winter Olympic Games was at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Cayman Islands profile at London2012.com 

Sport in the Cayman Islands
Nations at the Olympics
Chile was first at the Olympic Games at the first 1896 Summer Olympics.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Chile is CHI.

History
A team from Chile has been in most Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games.

Chilean athletes have won a total of thirteen medals, with tennis as the top medal-producing sport.

The National Olympic Committee for Chile was formed in 1934.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Chile profile at London2012.com 
 Chile at Olympic.org

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of Chile
The Mississippi Valley is a place in North America.  It is part of the Mississippi River watershed, meaning that the rain that falls in the Mississippi Valley flows to the Mississippi River.  It is in the middle of what is today the mainland United States.

Geology

During the last glacial era, large walls of ice dropped sediment, which is rocks and dirt, onto the land.  This became sedimentary rock.  This rock is softer than the other two main types of rock.  Sedimentary rock forms in layers.  When the Mississippi River began to flow, it washed away parts of the rock.  So there are places in the northern valley with tall bluffs, places where the river water cut some of the rock away.  People can see the layers in the bluffs.  Some of them are 400 feet tall.  In the places where the ground was made of harder sedimentary rock, for example limestone and dolomite, the cliffs are steep.  In the places where the ground was made of softer sedimentary rock, for example shale and sandstone, the cliffs are gentle.
Other parts of the Mississippi Valley are flood plain.

People

Many Native Americans lived in the Mississippi Valley, including the Mississippian culture, which is named after the valley.  Many of these Native Americans practiced agriculture, meaning that they built farms and grew food.  Some of these Native Americans built large towns with earthworks and wooden fences and buildings.  But many of them caught European diseases and died.  By the time historians came to the towns, many of the buildings were gone.

The first Europeans to write about the Mississippi Valley was Hernando De Soto in 1541.

The Mississippi Valley became part of the United States in 1803.  This was the Louisiana Purchase.

References 

Valleys
Geography of the United States
A skatepark is a recreational park for skateboarders and BMXers. A skatepark usually features some quarter pipes, some spines, some flat banks, some wall rides or vert walls, some mini ramps, some hips, some funboxes, some pyramids, some launches, some roll-ins, a euro or euro gap, a halfpipe, a bowl, a pool, foam pits, some hand rails, a flat bar and some stairs. The very first skatepark was made in 1976 in Carlsbad, California. The largest skatepark in the world is located in Shanghai, China.

References

Other websites
a list of skateboard parks around the world 

Skateboarding
Theodicy of Disprivilege refers to the belief of the promise that salvation may be granted as a reward for earthly poverty. It can be one of many reason that explain the large numbers of lower class people who join religious sects   or partake in mainstream religious practice, e.g attend church, temple or mosque. This idea was promoted mainly by Max Weber but is common amongst many sociologists who go to explain the growth of sect membership.

References

Sociology
Miguel Angel Montero (born July 9, 1983 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He currently plays as a catcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has also played for the Arizona Diamondbacks from 2006 until 2014. He debuted for the Diamondbacks on September 6, 2006 in a game against the Florida Marlins.

On December 9, 2014, the Diamondbacks traded Montero to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for minor leaguers Jeferson Mejia and Zack Godley.

References

Other websites

1987 births
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Chicago Cubs players
Living people
National League All-Stars
Sportspeople from Caracas
Venezuelan baseball players
David Jose Hernandez (born May 13, 1985 in Sacramento, California) is an American baseball player. He currently plays as a relief pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles with the 483rd overall pick in the 16th round of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft. He debuted for the Orioles on May 28, 2009 in a game against the Detroit Tigers. He was traded to the Arizona Diamondbacks along with Kam Mickolio for Mark Reynolds and a player to be named later or cash.

Other websites
David Hernandez at mlb.com

1985 births
Living people
Baseball players from California
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Baltimore Orioles players
Sportspeople from Sacramento, California
The Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights were a professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 2005 to 2007. They played in Omaha, Nebraska at the Omaha Civic Auditorium. They were the farm team of the Calgary Flames. They moved to Omaha in 2005 from Saint John, New Brunswick where they were known as the Saint John Flames. They moved operations to Moline, Illinois where they became the Quad City Flames.

Other websites
An archive of the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights' Official Site

Defunct American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States

2005 establishments in the United States
2007 disestablishments in the United States
KwaZulu-Natal (, also called KZN or Natal) is a province in South Africa. Before 1994, KwaZulu-Natal was made up of the province of Natal and the KwaZulu homeland.

Background
In the 1830s, the northern part of KwaZulu-Natal was part of the Zulu Kingdom. The southern part of KwaZulu-Natal was a Boer republic called Natalia (1839-1843). In 1843, Natalia became a British colony. Zululand remained independent until 1879. 

Today KwaZulu-Natal is the traditional home of the Zulu nation. It is called the "garden province." Two natural areas, the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park, have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

KwaZulu-Natal is located to the east of South Africa. It borders the Indian Ocean as well as three other provinces, and the countries of Mozambique, Eswatini, and Lesotho. Its capital is Pietermaritzburg and its largest city is Durban.

Geography
Geography 

KwaZulu-Natal is about  in area, making it about the same size as Portugal. The province has three different geographic areas. The lowland region lies along the Indian Ocean coast. It is very narrow in the south and widens in the northern part of the province. The central region is called the Natal Midlands. The midlands are hilly plateaus that rise toward the west. 

The third region is mountainous. The two mountain ranges are the Drakensberg Mountains in the west and the Lebombo Mountains in the north. The Drakensberg mountains are basalt cliffs that rise  near Lesotho. The Lebombo Mountains are ancient granite mountains that run south from Swaziland. The Tugela River flows west to east across the center of the province and is the region's largest river.
The coastal areas have dense stands of subtropical trees and shrubs and deep ravines. Afromontane Forest grows on the steep sides of the ravines. The midlands have moist (wet) grasslands and small pockets of Afromontane Forest. The north is mostly wet savanna. The Drakensberg region is alpine grassland.

HIV 
One of the biggest problems in the province is HIV infection. South Africa has more HIV-positive citizens than any other country in the world. KwaZulu-Natal has the highest rate of HIV infection of all of the provinces. According to UNAIDS in 2009, the infection rate is 39%.

Many people die from complications from AIDS. Infected people in KwaZulu-Natal do not have the health care, medicine, and proper food they need to stay healthy. HIV/AIDS has slowed economic growth by destroying human capital, the ability of people to make money in society.

Sport
Sport

Events 
 Comrades Marathon – A yearly marathon run between Pietermaritzburg and Durban.
 Midmar Mile – A mile-long swimming race held yearly at Midmar Dam
 Dusi Canoe Marathon – A yearly canoe marathon, starting in Pietermaritzburg and ending in Durban.
 Durban July – South Africa's premier annual horse racing event at Greyville Racecourse in Durban.
 Mr Price Pro – a premier international surfing event at Durban during winter. It used to be known as the Gunston 500.

KwaZulu-Natal sports teams 
 Football
 Premier Soccer League (PSL), with the following teams from KwaZulu-Natal:
 AmaZulu and Golden Arrows, from Durban
  Thanda Royal Zulu from Richards Bay
 Maritzburg United, from Pietermaritzburg

 Rugby union
 The Sharks, who compete in the Super Rugby competition with four other South African teams, five teams from Australia, and five teams from New Zealand
 Natal Sharks (different from the Super Rugby team), who compete in South Africa's domestic competition, the Currie Cup

References
References

Other websites 
 KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Government 
 KwaZulu-Natal Tourism Authority
 Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
Majel Barrett-Roddenberry (born Majel Leigh Hudec; February 23, 1932 – December 18, 2008) was an American actress and producer. She is probably best known for playing Nurse Christine Chapel in the television series, Star Trek: The Original Series and Lwaxana Troi in the series Star Trek: The Next Generation. Barrett also voiced the computer in every series (after the original series) and movie in the Star Trek franchise. She was married to Gene Roddenberry, who was the creator of Star Trek. She died on December 18, 2008 in Bel Air, Los Angeles due to complications from leukemia.

Other websites 

Actors from Columbus, Ohio
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
Deaths from leukemia
1932 births
2008 deaths
The Dreamers is a 2003 French romantic drama movie about an American university student, Matthew (played by Michael Pitt), who visits Paris in 1968. He meets local twins Isabelle and Theo (Eva Green and Louis Garrel) who are in an incestuous relationship. He stays with them and has a sexual relationship with Isabelle. All three join a student-led ant-government rebellion. The movie was controversial in the United States for depictions of sexual content. Due to this, The Dreamers was rated NC-17. The movie was released in 2004 in the United States. The movie also exists under an R rated edited version, alongside the NC-17 version.

Sources

Other websites 

2003 romantic drama movies
British romantic drama movies
2000s English-language movies
French drama movies
French-language movies
French romance movies
Incest in movies
Italian drama movies
Italian romance movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Paris
Movies set in the 1960s
NC-17 rated movies
Movies directed by Bernardo Bertolucci
The Herero language (Herero: Otjiherero) is a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo group. It is spoken by the Herero people in Namibia and Botswana. There are about 237,000 Herero speakers in both countries, 206,000 in Namibia and the rest in Botswana. 

The language is spoken in an area called Hereroland. This area includes the regions of Omaheke, Otjozondjupa, and Kunene. The Himba people, who are related to the Herero people, speak a dialect that is very close to Herero. A large minority of people in Windhoek (the capital of Namibia) speak Herero.

The Herero language is written in the Latin alphabet. The first written work in Herero was a translation of the Bible by missionary Gottlieb Viehe (1839-1901). Father Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836-1904), another missionary, translated several religious works and songs into Herero.
Bibliography
 Brincker, Peter Heinrich (1886, 1964). Wörterbuch und kurzgefasste Grammatik des Otji-Herero. Leipzig (reprint 1964 Ridgwood, NJ: The Gregg Press).
 Hahn, C. Hugo (1857). Grundzüge einer Grammatik des Hereró. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz.
 Lutz, Marten (2006). "Locative inversion in Otjiherero: more on morpho-syntactic variation in Bantu." In: Laura Downing, Lutz Marten & Sabine Zerbian (eds.), Papers in Bantu Grammar, ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43, 97—122.
 Marten, Lutz & Nancy C. Kula (2007). "Morphosyntactic co-variation in Bantu: two case studies." SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 15.227-238.
 Möhlig, Wilhelm, Lutz Marten & Jekura U. Kavari (2002). A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero). Köln: Köppe (Grammatische Analysen afrikanischer Sprachen; v.19).

References

Other websites

Bantu languages
K-Pop (or Korean pop or Korean popular music) is a musical genre and industry using a mix of electronic, hip hop, pop, rock, R&B, and other music. It began in South Korea. As well as music, K-pop has grown into a popular subculture among teenagers and young adults throughout Asia. There is a lot of interest in the fashions and styles of Korean idol groups and singers.

K-pop can now reach a much larger audience through use of the Internet. With Facebook fan pages, iTunes, Twitter, and music videos on YouTube, K-pop is becoming popular in many other countries around the world.

Entertainment shows like Weekly Idol show the K-Pop stars' comedic side.

Fashion 
Today, young people like K-Pop star fashion. The World Fashion Company spoke to G-Dragon from Big Bang, because his fashion is unique. Jeremy Scott, a well-known American fashion designer, worked together with CL from the K-Pop band 2NE1, to design clothes.

Other K-pop stars such as Baekhyun from Exo have started their own fashion brands.
Dance 
Group dancing is one of the most important parts of K-Pop. Group members dance in sync. Fans often learn and copy the key moves of the dance.

Many different styles of dance can be seen within K-Pop.

History

1990s
The setting up of Seo Tai-ji & Boys in 1992 was a turning point for popular music in South Korea. Using rap rock and techno styles, Hip hop duos such as Deux also were popular in the early 1990s.

In 1995, Korean businessman Lee Soo Man opened South Korea's largest talent agency, S.M. Entertainment, and set up the first K-Pop girl groups and boy bands.  By the late 1990s, new agencies like YG Entertainment, DSP Entertainment, and JYP Entertainment were producing talents as quickly as possible.

Groups such as H.O.T, Sechs Kies, god, and Shinhwa, and artists like Drunken Tiger had huge success in the 1990s.
2000s
The talent agencies train new artists and bands for the K-pop industry. To make sure it is successful, they take over every part of the young person's career and life. They can spend more than $400,000 to train and launch a new artist.  Through this practice of apprenticeship, which often lasts two years or more, trainees are taught to sing, learn professional choreography, sculpt and shape their bodies through exercise, and study multiple languages, all the while attending school. In order to get this money back, the artists are signed up to long contracts, with little money being paid. These have been described as slave contracts. The band Dong Bang Shin Ki or TVXQ were given a 13-year contract which the Korean courts have said was too long and had too many restrictions. With CD sales being low, and Internet sales making only a few cents from a song, most money is made through tours and selling merchandise.
K-Pop is becoming popular outside of Asia, most notably in the United States, Canada, and Australia. In 2009, the Wonder Girls became the first Korean singers on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart with their single, "Nobody".  The following year, solo artist Taeyang and girl group 2NE1 also reached the top of various music charts throughout the United States and Canada with albums and hit songs. In 2011, Big Bang's album Tonight became the first K-pop album to reach the top 10 on US iTunes chart. It was also only non-English language album in the top 100.

To make the genre popular around the world, K-pop artists are starting to work with stars outside of Korea. In the United States, Korean artists are touring with groups such as the Jonas Brothers. They are also working with well-known producers including Kanye West, Teddy Riley, Diplo, Rodney Jerkins, and will.i.am.
Japanese public broadcaster NHK decided to ban K-Pop from the New Year's Eve show in 2012 for political reasons, due to ongoing disputes between Japan and Korea over Liancourt Rocks.

Korean rock
K-Pop does include other popular Korean genres of music than Pop, such as rock. Some popular Korean rock bands are DreamCatcher, Guckkasten, YB and Nell. See also the Pentaport Rock Festival.

References
Yash Raj Chopra (, 27 September 1932 – 21 October, 2012) is an Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, and a highly successful Bollywood producer. Some of his successful movies are : Waqt , Deewaar, Kabhi Kabhie, Silsila, Lamhe, Chandni, Darr, Dil To Pagal Hai, and Veer-Zaara. He is also the founder of Yash Raj Films.

BR Chopra Mahabharat Awards
The Mahabharat (1988 TV series) was nominated and won the Uptron Awards 1988 in many categories
 

The other nominees included the other supporting cast of the show such as Shakuni, Drona etc who were praised for their work in the Award ceremony.

About
Yash Chopra is undoubtedly India's most successful filmmaker. With a career spanning over five decades, he has been associated with almost 35 films, most of which have created box-office history.
Career
Yash worked as an assistant for I. S. Chopra and later he was working for his brother, who was also in the movie industry, Baldev R. Chopra. Baldev provided Yash an opportunity to direct his first movie which was named as Dhool Ka Phool and was released in 1959. Yash later set up his own company under the name Yash Raj Films and the first movie to be released under this company was Daag in 1973.

Yash has produced more than 45 movies and has directed more than 20 movies, thus making him one of the most successful filmmaker/producer in India.

Awards

Filmfare Awards

National Film Awards

References

Other websites

Yash Chopra at timesofindia.com
Yash Chopra  at ApunkaChoice.com

Indian movie directors
Deaths from multiple organ failure
1932 births
2012 deaths
Hell's Kitchen, also known as Clinton and Midtown West, is a neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City (U.S.). It is the area on the West Side of Manhattan. It is between 34th Street and 59th Street, from 8th Avenue to the Hudson River.

The neighborhood has transportation, hospital and warehouse infrastructure for the Midtown Manhattan business district. Its bad reputation made real estate prices in the area lower than much of the rest of Manhattan until the early 1990s.
Once a center of poor and working-class Irish Americans, over the last three decades of the 20th century and into the new millennium, Hell's Kitchen has undergone change as a result of its location at Midtown. The 1969 edition of the Plan for New York City book, authored by the City Planning Commission, stated that people of modest means were being driven from the area by development pressures due to the Midtown location. Today, many actors live in the neighborhood due to its closeness to the Broadway theaters and Actors Studio training school.

Borders of area
"Hell's Kitchen" generally refers to the area from 34th to 59th streets, southwest of Central Park. Starting west of 8th Avenue, city zoning regulations limit buildings to 6 stories high (although exceptions are often made). As a result, most of the buildings are older, often walk-ups. For the most part the neighborhood covers the ZIP codes 10019 and 10036. The post office for 10019 is known as Radio City Station, the original name for Rockefeller Center on Sixth Avenue.
 Southern boundary: Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea overlap and are often lumped together as the West Side since they support the Midtown Manhattan business district. The traditional dividing line is 34th Street. The transition area just north of Madison Square Garden and Pennsylvania Station includes the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.
Eastern boundary: The neighborhood overlaps the Times Square theater district to the east at Eighth Avenue. On its southeast border, it overlaps the Garment District also on Eighth Avenue. Here, there are two landmarks - the New Yorker Hotel and the dynamic Manhattan Center building (at the northwest corner of 34th Street and Eighth Avenue). Included in the transition area on Eighth Avenue are the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street, the Pride of Manhattan Fire Station (from which 15 firefighters died at the World Trade Center), several theaters including Studio 54, the original soup stand of Seinfeld's Soup Nazi, and the Hearst Tower.
Northern boundary: The neighborhood edges toward the southern boundary of the Upper West Side, and 57th Street is considered by some to be the traditional northern boundary. However the neighborhood often is considered to extend to 59th Street (the southern edge of Central Park starting at Eighth Avenue) where the avenue names change. Included in the 57th to 59th Street transition area are the Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center (where John Lennon died when shot in 1980), and John Jay College. 
 Western boundary: The western boundary is the Hudson River.
Name 
Several different explanations exist for the original name. An early use of the phrase appears in a comment Davy Crockett made about another notorious Irish slum in Manhattan, Five Points. According to the Irish Cultural Society of the Garden City Area:
 When, in 1835, Davy Crockett said, '"In my part of the country, when you meet an Irishman, you find a first-rate gentleman; but these are worse than savages; they are too mean to swab hell's kitchen." He was referring to the Five Points.
According to an article by Kirkley Greenwell, published online by the Hell's Kitchen Neighborhood Association:
 No one can pin down the exact origin of the label, but some refer to a tenement on 54th Street as the first "Hell's Kitchen." Another explanation points to an infamous building at 39th as the true original. A gang and a local dive took the name as well.... a similar slum also existed in London and was known as Hell's Kitchen.
...first appeared in print on September 22, 1881 when a New York Times reporter went to the West 30s with a police guide to get details of a multiple murder there. He referred to a particularly infamous tenement at 39th Street and 10th Avenue as "Hell's Kitchen," and said that the entire section was "probably the lowest and filthiest in the city." According to this version, 39th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues became known as Hell's Kitchen and the name was later expanded to the surrounding streets. Another version ascribes the name's origins to a German restaurant in the area known as Heil's Kitchen, after its proprietors [Heil, not "hell"]. But the most common version traces it to the story of Dutch Fred The Cop, a veteran policeman, who with his rookie partner, was watching a small riot on West 39th Street near 10th Avenue. The rookie is supposed to have said, "This place is hell itself," to which Fred replied, "Hell's a mild climate. This is Hell's Kitchen."
References

Other websites
 Guide to Hell's Kitchen

Manhattan
Neighborhoods of New York City
"Brian Finn" redirects here. For the fictional New Zealand police officer, see Shark in the Park.

Brian Timothy "Tim" Finn, OBE (born 25 June 1952) is a singer-songwriter born in New Zealand. Finn is most known for his music with his band Split Enz. He has released solo albums, and was member of his brother Neil's band Crowded House. He also released albums with Neil as the Finn Brothers.

History

Tim Finn was born in Te Awamutu, New Zealand. He went to Sacred Heart College, Auckland, a Catholic boarding school. In 1971 he completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Auckland. It is there that he met Mike Chunn, Robert Gillies, Philip Judd and Noel Crombie. Phil and Tim formed a band called Split Ends, which became Split Enz before they started to tour Australia.
Finn recorded his first solo album, Escapade, in 1983. This album was very successful in Australia and New Zealand. Because of this, he decided to leave Split Enz in 1984. The band broke up. In early 1985, Tim moved to London. His second album Big Canoe was not as successful as the first album. He also wrote some music for movies, and acted in a few movies. His role in The Coca-Cola Kid was about five minutes long. He had a bigger role in the movie La Donna della Luna (The Moon Woman).

In late 1989, he went to live in Melbourne. He recorded his third album, Tim Finn. In early 1990 he joined Crowded House, the group Neil had formed after Split Enz split up. The band recorded Woodface with him. He left Crowded House after the album. Because of their success, Tim Finn and Neil Finn were made OBE for services to New Zealand music in the 1993 Queen's Birthday Honours List.
The album Finn was released in 1995. This was an album made by Neil and Tim as the Finn Brothers. Also in 1995, Finn worked with singers Andy White and Liam Ó Maonlaí. They formed the band ALT. They released the album Altitude.

In 2000, the album Together in Concert: Live was recorded featuring Finn, and New Zealand artists Bic Runga, and Dave Dobbyn. The concerts and album have all three musicians singing and playing on each other's songs.

In 2004, the Finn brothers released their second album together, titled, Everyone Is Here.

Tim has released Imaginary Kingdom in 2006, The Conversation in 2008. He has collaborated on the Seven Worlds Collide projects in 2004 and 2009 with his brother Neil, and artists like Eddie Vedder. In 2009 North, South, East, West..., a best of was released.
Personal life
Finn married the television presenter Marie Azcona, formerly of MTV and TVNZ One's Music Week. They have worked together on several songs, some of which are featured on Steel City soundtrack. Finn and Azcona have two children; a son, Harper, and a daughter, Elliott.

Discography
This discography relates to releases by Tim Finn only. See Finn Brothers' discography, Crowded House discography and Split Enz discography for other related works.

Singles

References

Books

Other websites 

 
 
 Official site  (offline)
 Tim Finn's MySpace site
 Fanclub endorsed site
 Australian Record Company site

1952 births
Living people
New Zealand singers
This list of Manhattan neighborhoods has all areas in the Manhattan borough of New York City (U.S.). The list is arranged, by neighborhood location, from north to south on the island (use browser "find" button to search for a name).

Please note the following general definitions:

Uptown Manhattan refers to the area above 59th Street;Upper Manhattan refers to the area above 96th Street.
Downtown Manhattan refers to the area below 14th Street;Lower Manhattan refers to the area below Chambers Street.
Midtown Manhattan refers to the area between 34th Street and 59th Street.
East Side refers to the area east of Fifth Avenue.
West Side refers to the area west of Fifth Avenue.

Neighborhood names and boundaries are not officially defined. They may change, from time to time.

Uptown Neighborhoods

Midtown Neighborhoods

Neighborhoods between Midtown and Downtown

†Large scale developments

Downtown Neighborhoods

†Large scale developments
Islands
Roosevelt Island
Liberty Island
Ellis Island
Governors Island
Randall's Island
Wards Island

Related pages
List of Brooklyn neighborhoods
List of Bronx neighborhoods
List of Queens neighborhoods
List of Staten Island neighborhoods

Other websites

Neighborhood Map from NYC Department of City Planning 

neighborhoods
New York (state)-related lists
Neighborhoods of New York City
Claudio Marchisio (born 19 January, 1986) is an Italian football player. He plays for Juventus and Italy national team.

Career statistics

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Turin
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) is a group who regulate banks and other financial companies in the United Kingdom. Its board is appointed by the Treasury and the organisation is structured as a company limited by guarantee and owned by the UK government. Its main office is based in Canary Wharf, London, with another office in Edinburgh. When acting as the competent authority for listing of shares on a stock exchange, it is referred to as the UK Listing Authority (UKLA).

The FSA's Chairman and CEO are Lord Turner of Ecchinswell and Hector Sants.

On June 16, 2010, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announced plans to abolish the FSA and separate its responsibilities between a number of new agencies and the Bank of England.

References

Government agencies of the United Kingdom
Financial organizations
In Norse mythology, Annar ("second/another") was the second husband of Nótt ("Night") and father of Jörð. He was a grandfather of the god Thor.

In the Gylfaginning, it is said:
"She (Nótt) was wedded to him that was called Annar; Jörð was their daughter."
Norse mythology
Naglfari is in the Norse mythology the first husband of Nótt and a father of Auðr. It seems that he was invented by Snorri Sturluson.
Norse mythology
Auðr (Old Norse "prosperity") or Aud is in the Norse mythology a son of Naglfari and Nótt, and half-brother of Jörð (Earth) and Dagr (Day). He is an uncle of Thor. Jörð is called "Auðr's splendid sister".

Scholar Rudolf Simek theorizes that Auðr is the invention of Snorri Sturluson. Simek notes that Auðr is a female name in other Icelandic sources.

Norse mythology
Dellingr (Old Norse, possibly "the dayspring" or "shining one") is a god in the Norse mythology. He is a personification of a dawn. 

He married Nótt (Night) and she bore him a son named Dagr (Day).

The English family name Dallinger has been theorized as deriving from Dellingr.

Norse gods and goddesses