Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Works

Books by Hearn about Japan
Source:
 Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan (1894)
 Out of the East: Reveries and Studies in New Japan (1895)
 Kokoro: Hints and Echoes of Japanese Inner Life (1896)
 Gleanings in Buddha-Fields: Studies of Hand and Soul in the Far East (1897)
 The Boy who Drew Cats, (1897)
 Exotics and Retrospectives (1898)
 Japanese Fairy Tales (1898, and sequels)
 In Ghostly Japan (1899)
 Shadowings (1900)
 Japanese Lyrics (1900)
 A Japanese Miscellany (1901)
 Kottō: Being Japanese Curios, with Sundry Cobwebs (1902)
 Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things (1903, later made into the movie Kwaidan by Masaki Kobayashi)
 Japan: An Attempt at Interpretation (1904)
 The Romance of the Milky Way and other studies and stories (1905)
Books by Hearn about Louisiana
 La Cuisine Creole: A Collection of Culinary Recipes (1885)
 Gombo Zhèbes": A Little Dictionary of Creole Proverbs, Selected from Six Creole Dialects. (1885)
 Chita: A Memory of Last Island (1889)
 Creole Sketches (1924, Houghton Mifflin)

Other
 One of Cleopatra's Nights and Other Fantastic Romances (1882, translation of stories by Théophile Gautier), Richard Worthington
 Stray Leaves From Strange Literature; Stories Reconstructed from the Anvari-Soheili, Baital Pachisi, Mahabharata, Pantchantra, Gulistan, Talmud, Kalewala, etc.(1884,  James R. Osgood and Company)
 Some Chinese Ghosts (1887)
 Youma, the Story of a West-Indian Slave (1889)
 Two Years in the French West Indies (1890)

References
Further reading
 Amenomori, Nobushige (1905). "Lafcadio Hearn, the Man," The Atlantic Monthly, October 1905.
 Bisland, Elizabeth (1906). The Life and Letters of Lafcadio Hearn, Vol. II, New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Company.
 .
 .
 Dawson, Carl (1992). Lafcadio Hearn and the Vision of Japan, Johns Hopkins University Press.
 .
 .
 .
 .
 Kunst, Arthur E. (1969). Lafcadio Hearn, Twayne Publishers.
 
 Langton, D. H. (1912). "Lafcadio Hearn: Journalist and Writer on Japan," The Manchester Quarterly, Vol. XXXI.
 .
 Mais, S. P. B. (1920). "Lafcadio Hearn." In Books and their Writers, Grant Richards, Ltd.
 McWilliams, Vera (1946). Lafcadio Hearn, Houghton Mifflin Company.
 Miner, Earl Roy (1958). The Japanese Tradition in British and American Literature, Princeton University Press.
 Monaham, Michael (1922). "Lafcadio Hearn," An Attic Dreamer, Mitchell Kennerley.
 More, Paul Elmer (1905). "Lafcadio Hearn." In Shelburne Essays, Second Series, G. P. Putnam's Sons.
 .
. 
 Noguchi, Yone (1905). "Lafcadio Hearn, A Dreamer," National Magazine, Vol. XXII, No. 1.
 .
 .
 .
 ; republished in .
 Setsu, Koizumi (1918). Reminiscences of Lafcadio Hearn, Houghton Mifflin Company.
 Savina, Zoe. "The Golden Book" Dedicated to Lafcadio Hearn. Haiku Poems and Collages. July 2014
Trilingual Book:  Greek, English tr. Constantine Fourakis, Japanese tr. Ban'ya Natsuishi 
 .
 Thomas, Edward (1912). Lafcadio Hearn, Houghton Mifflin Company.
Other websites

 Hearn's Works, by T Russel
 
 
 
 
 Works by Lafcadio Hearn, at Unz.org
 Works by Lafcadio Hearn, at Hathi Trust
 .
 Hearn's influence in literature
 .
 .
 Lafcadio Hearn's papers at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia
 Japan and the Japanese as Seen by Foreigners
 Lafcadio Hearn
 Two Years in the French West Indies From the Collections at the Library of Congress

1850 births
1904 deaths
Japanese writers
Waseda University faculty
Kevin Levi Austin (12 February 1973 – 23 November 2018) was an English-born Trinidadian professional footballer. He worked as a youth team coach for Scunthorpe United.

Career 
As a player, he was a defender from 1992 until 2012. He played over 100 league matches each for Leyton Orient, Lincoln City and Swansea City. He also played in the Football League for Barnsley, Brentford, Cambridge United, Bristol Rovers and Chesterfield. 

Austin also played Non-League football for Saffron Walden Town, Kettering Town, Darlington and Boston United.

Death 
Austin was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in April 2018. He died on 23 November 2018 from the disease at the age of 45.

References

Other websites
Unofficial Kevin Austin Profile at The Forgotten Imp

1973 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Footballers from London
Trinidad and Tobago footballers
Gabriel James Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor, movie director, movie producer, writer and audiobook narrator. In 2008, Byrne won a Golden Globe Award.

In movies, he is known for his roles in Excalibur (1981), Miller's Crossing (1990), The Usual Suspects (1995), Stigmata (1999), End of Days (1999), Spider (2002), Jindabyne (2006), Vampire Academy (2014) and The 33 (2015).

Byrne co-wrote The Last of the High Kings (1996). Byrne has also produced several movies, including the Academy Award–nominated In the Name of the Father (1993).

In television, Byrne is known for his role as Paul Weston in the HBO drama In Treatment (2008–2011).

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Gabriel Byrne profile, artforamnesty.org; accessed 11 August 2017
 Gabriel Byrne video interview, jewreview.net; accessed 11 August 2017
 Gabriel Byrne discusses his role on In Treatment , npr.org, 30 May 2009
 Gabriel Byrne tells of childhood sexual abuse, Guardian.co.uk, 19 January 2010
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1950 births
Living people
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish stage actors
Irish voice actors
Irish movie directors
Irish movie producers
Irish screenwriters
Actors from Dublin
Writers from Dublin
Reginald Smyth (10 July 1917 – 13 June 1998), known by his professional name Reg Smythe, was a British cartoonist. He created the popular, long-running Andy Capp comic strip.

References

1917 births
1998 deaths
British cartoonists
People from County Durham
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones.

There are two main types, acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting. The pain often goes into the back and is usually severe.

The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and heavy alcohol use.

References

Inflammation
The Democratic Governors Association (DGA) is a Washington, D.C. based 527 organization. It started  in 1983. Members are U.S. state and territorial governors who are also members of the Democratic Party. 

The mission of the organization is to create party support to the election and re-election of Democratic governors. There is a similar Republican organization called the Republican Governors Association. The DGA is not directly connected with the non-partisan National Governors Association.

42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton, was leader of the DGA in 1988.

The current leader of the association is Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy since 2019.
These people have been leaders of the DGA: John Connally, Zell Miller, Marvin Mandel, Dale Bumpers, Wendell H. Ford, Wendell Anderson, Reubin Askew, Philip W. Noel, Patrick Lucey, Brendan Byrne, Jim Hunt, Jerry Brown, Richard Riley, Dick Celeste, Michael Dukakis, Evan Bayh, Howard Dean, Tom Vilsack, Bill Richardson, Kathleen Sebelius, Dannel Malloy, and Jay Inslee.

Also see
 Republican Governors Association

Other websites
 DGA Official Website

Democratic Party (United States)
1983 establishments in the United States
Political organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1980s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Hayatabad is a suburb in Peshawar, the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It was named after Hayat Sherpao, former Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and a famous leader of Pakistan Peoples Party. There are several different schools, colleges, a national University, public and private hospitals, private clinics, public parks etc.

Peshawar
Mitzi Hoag (born Margaret Hoag; September 25, 1932 – February 26, 2019) was an American actress. She appeared in more than 73 different TV shows and movies. Her best known roles are in We'll Get By, Bonanza, Here Come the Brides, The Facts of Life and The Partridge Family.

Hoag died on February 26, 2019 in Sherman Oaks, California, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1932 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from Illinois
Michael Edward Gross (born June 21, 1947) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Steven Keaton from the sitcom Family Ties (1982–1989) and the graboid hunter Burt Gummer from the Tremors movie franchise.

References

Other websites

Michael Gross  at Internet Off-Broadway Database

Drama Desk Award winners
1947 births
Living people
Yale University alumni
American video game actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Chicago
A cation is an ion with fewer electrons than protons. Therefore, it has a positive charge.

The electric charge on a proton is equal in amount to the charge on an electron. So, the total electric charge on an ion is the number of protons in the ion minus the number of electrons.

Related pages 
 Ion
 Anion

+
Westwood Memorial Park Cemetery is a cemetery in the Westwood Village of Los Angeles. It is located at 1218 Glendon Avenue in Westwood.

History 
The cemetery was founded as Sunset Cemetery in 1905, but had been used for burials since the 1880s and was renamed with current name in 1926.

Although it is the resting place of some of the entertainment industry's greatest names, it also contains the graves of many uncelebrated people. For example, when Marilyn Monroe died in 1962, Joe DiMaggio, responsible for Monroe's arrangements, chose Westwood not because of its celebrities but because it was the resting place of Monroe's mother's friend, Grace Goddard, and Goddard's aunt, Ana Lower, both of whom had cared for Monroe as a child.

Cemeteries in the United States
Los Angeles
Procoptodon is a genus of giant short-faced kangaroo living in Australia during the Pleistocene epoch.

P. goliah  was the largest kangaroo known to have  existed. It stood about  tall. They weighed about . Other members of the genus were smaller. Procoptodon gilli was the smallest of the genus, only about  tall.

They were browsers, not grazers like kangaroos today. They ate leaves from trees and shrubs. Their weight makes it likely that they did not hop as their relatives do today. A combination of climate change (cooling and shrinking of forest areas) would have reduced their natural habitat. Predation (hunting) by aboriginal humans probably happened.

Saltbushes were their main food source, so Procoptodon goliah relied on free-standing water to help process its salt-laden diet.

References 

Macropods
Extinct species
A microatoll is a circular colony of corals, near the surface of the ocean. Because the top is not in the water all the time, the corals at the top are dead. The corals which are not exposed to fresh air are still alive. The atoll will only grow in the areas which are in the water all the time. Microatolls may be up to  in diameter.  They are named for their resemblance to island atolls formed during the subsidence of volcanic islands, as originally suggested by Darwin (1842).

They have been used to monitor sea levels, in response to global warming. They have also been used to quantify and date changes in sea level in seismically active areas. Using microatolls, scientists were able to provide information about the water temperature at the surface of the sea.

References

Ecology
Fang Bo (simplified Chinese: 方博; traditional Chinese: 方博; born 9 January) is a Chinese table tennis player.

Career 
2009 he took part in the Youth- worldchampionships, where he won all four titles (Singles, Doubles, Mixed and Team).

2015 he became vice-world champion. He beat amongst other things Xu Xin and Zhang Jike, but he lost in the final to Ma Long.

Results from the ITTF-database

References 

1992 births
Living people
Chinese table tennis players
was a Japanese supercentenarian who was the oldest verified living person following the death of Nabi Tajima on April 21, 2018 until her own death three months later.

Miyako was born in the Kanagawa prefecture.
Longevity milestones 
15 September 2017 - Violet Brown died. Chiyo Miyako, aged 116 years and 136 days, become the world's 2nd oldest living person.
15 December 2017 - Ana Vela-Rubio of Spain died. Chiyo Miyako became the last verified surviving person born in 1901.
21 April 2018 - Nabi Tajima died. Chiyo Miyako, aged 116 years and 354 days, become the world's oldest living person.
2 May 2018 - Chiyo Miyako became the 8th verified person in history to reach age 117, and the 3rd Japanese person to do so (1st was Misao Okawa and 2nd was Nabi Tajima).
30 May 2018 - With the age of 117 years and 28 days, surpassed the lifespan of Misao Okawa to become the 2nd-oldest Japanese person ever.
22 July 2018 - Died at the age of 117 years and 81 days.
With Chiyo's death, Kane Tanaka become the oldest recognized living person in both Japan and the world.

References 

1901 births
Japanese supercentenarians
2018 deaths
Robert Braden (January 12, 1934 – April 15, 2018) was an American computer scientist. He played a role in the development of the Internet. His research interests included end-to-end network protocols, especially in the transport and internetwork layers.

Braden worked at the University of California, Los Angeles, Carnegie Mellon University and at the Internet Architecture Board (1981–1994). He retired in 2016.

Braden died on April 15, 2018 of myelodysplastic syndrome at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
 Carl Malamud interviews Bob Braden, Internet Talk Radio, 29 September 1993
 Oral history interview with Robert Braden, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota
 Obituary sent to the IETF mailing list

1934 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
American computer scientists
Educators from Los Angeles
Scientists from Los Angeles
Constantine II (, Konstantínos II; 2 June 1940 – 10 January 2023) reigned as the King of Greece, from 1964 until the end of the monarchy of Greece in 1973.  George I of Greece and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh were his relatives.

Early life
Constantine was the only son of King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece. His family was forced to leave the country during the Second World War. For this reason, he spent the first years of his childhood in Egypt and South Africa. 

He returned to Greece with his family in 1946 during the Greek Civil War. King George II died in 1947. Constantine's father Paul became the new king. With this, Constantine became the crown prince.

Reign
Constantine became king in 1964 after the death of his father, King Paul. Later that year he married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark. They had five children.
At first, the new king was seen as a good sign. There was a lot of political instability during his reign, however. This instability led to the Colonels' Coup of 21 April 1967, when the Greek junta came to power. Constantine was still the head of state. There were no military forces which were loyal to him. For this reason, he was not able to do much. He agreed to inaugurate the junta, if most of the ministers were civilians. There was a coup against the junta, but it failed. 

For this reason, Constantine was forced to leave the country, on 3 December 1967. Formally, he was still the head of state in exile until the junta abolished the monarchy on 1 June 1973. The 1973 Greek republic referendum ratified the abolition. 

There were fears that people had been put under pressure, to vote for a republic. For this reason, some people did not accept the result of the referendum, as valid. A new referendum was held after democracy had been restored in 1974.
This second referendum was held after the fall of the junta as the 1974 Greek republic referendum on 8 December 1974. The result was the same, though: the monarchy should be abolished, and the Third Hellenic Republic should be started. Constantine was not allowed to return to Greece to campaign. Nevertheless, he accepted the results of the referendum.

Olympic career
Constantine was also a good sailor. He competed at the 1960 Rome Olympics and won a gold medal in the Dragon class. Later he served on the International Olympic Committee. 

Along with his fellow crew members of the Nireus sailing vessel, he was named one of the 1960 Greek Athletes of the Year. When he won the medal, in 1960, he was twenty years old. This was the first medal in sailing for Greece, since the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Death

When he aged, his health got worse. On 10 January 2023, he died of a stroke, in Athens.

References

Other websites
 Official website of the Greek Royal Family
1940 births
2023 deaths
International Olympic Committee
Greek Olympic gold medalists
Kings of Greece
Exiled royalty
Virginia Dighero (married Zolezzi, 24 December 1891 – 28 December 2005) was an Italian supercentenarian. On 14 September 2005, she became the longest-lived person of Italian descent ever, having surpassed Amalia Ruggieri Barone, who was an emigrant to the United States. Dighero-Zolezzi died of ischaemia on 28 December 2005.

Dighero became the oldest living person in Europe on 30 August 2005 following the death of Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper of the Netherlands.

At the time of her death, she was the oldest ever documented person from Italy at the age of 114 years, 4 days - a title she held for more than five years, until being surpassed by Venere Pizzinato on 28 November 2010.

References 

1891 births
2005 deaths
Italian supercentenarians
George I (, Geórgios I; born Prince William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; ; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) also known as Georgios I was King of Greece from 1863 until his assassination in 1913.

George's reign of almost 50 years (the longest in modern Greek history) was characterized by territorial gains as Greece established its place in pre-World War I Europe. He was the grandfather of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and great-grandfather of Charles III.

While out on an afternoon walk near the White Tower on 18 March 1913, he was shot at close range in the back by Alexandros Schinas, who was "said to belong to a Socialist organization" and "declared when arrested that he had killed the King because he refused to give him money". George died instantly, the bullet having penetrated his heart.

References

Other websites
 Vilhelm (Georg I) at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at Amalienborg Palace
1845 births
1913 deaths
Assassinated people
Deaths by firearm
Generals
People from Copenhagen
Kings of Greece
Monroe is a city in Ohio in the United States.

Cities in Ohio
Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar (; born 2 March 1936) is a Chilean lawyer, economist and social democrat politician. He served as President of Chile from 2000 to 2006.

Since May 2007 he has served as a Special Envoy on Climate Change for the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and António Guterres.

He teaches political and economic development at Brown University in the United States.

References

Other websites
 Democracy and Development Foundation  
 Extended biography by the CIDOB Foundation  
 BBC Profile: Ricardo Lagos (January 2000)
 Lagos's undergraduate thesis: "The Concentration of Economic Power" 
 The Lagos Legacy and Chile's Upcoming Elections  The Council on Hemispheric Affairs
 Ricardo Lagos Freedom Collection interview

1936 births
Living people
Presidents of Chile
Chilean lawyers
Chilean economists
Chilean academics
Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle  (; born June 24, 1941) is a Chilean politician and civil engineer. He was President of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He was also a Senator and later served as President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008.

He ran again for President, but was narrowly defeated in 2009. His father was Eduardo Frei Montalva who was President of Chile from 1964 to 1970.

References

Other websites
Senado's Personal profile
Biography by CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)
Genealogical chart of Frei-Montalva Family

1941 births
Living people
Presidents of Chile
Chilean engineers
Presidents of the Senate of Chile
Civil engineers
Politicians from Santiago‎
With Chronos’ Permit ()  is a novel by Russian writer Andrei Gusev, published in 1995.

Plot
Perestroika started in 1986. That was a period of restructuring in the Soviet Union. Hundreds of scientific workers are no longer needed. The main character of the novel is Ivan Zhuravlev and he is one of such unclaimed experts. He is looking for a new application. From the prestigious physics Zhuravlev goes in for journalism. Later, he uses journalistic contacts and comes in connection with an entrepreneur Boris Iossifovich Sytin. Zhuravlev calls him Ossi. Ossi is a chief of the “Chronos” company. Ossi convinces Zhuravlev to involve in the deal to resell to the West of rare metal osmium. This affair ends tragically for Ivan Zhuravlev – he dies because of the intentional air crash.   

Love to the girl was the best in the short life of Ivan Zhuravlev. Her name is Nastia. In their relationship something is from the famous movies by Claude Lelouch, who always glorifies man and woman created for each other.
Features 
This novel is a mix of a thriller and crime story. Some parts of the novel have a mystical component.

References

Other websites
Russian Wikiquote has the article   С  мандатом Хроноса (With Chronos’ Permit).

Notes
1.  
2. НА ПОРОГЕ  ХХI ВЕКА, Всероссийский ежегодник, М., «Московский Парнас», 2002 (с.92) 
3. Всероссийский ежегодник НА ПОРОГЕ  ХХI ВЕКА, М., «Московский Парнас», 2006  (с.85) 
4. И.С.Горюнова  «Современная русская литература: знаковые имена (статьи, рецензии, интервью)»,  “Litres”, 2015. — 278 c. (М., «Вест-Консалтинг», 2012)  ISBN 5457199517, ISBN 9785457199514

1995 books
Russian fantasy books
Russian novels
Rekawka - a Polish folk festival celebrated on the first Tuesday after Easter Sunday in Krakow, on the Krak Mound (also known as Krakus Mound). It is an ancient tumulus, not far from one of the oldest churches in Krakow –  St. Benedict’s church.

History
Rekawka’s beginnings go back to the ancient Slavic springtime celebrations, called Dziady. For ancient Slavs, spring was a time of burning sacred fires to celebrate the dead, and of planting sacred groves. They also had the custom of leaving food for the dead. The Krak Mound might have been one of such places where they held their celebrations.

These ancient Slavic traditions evolved over time, and customs changed. In the 19th century, it was customary for rich citizens of Krakow to throw coins, apples, sweets and boiled eggs down the grassy slope of the Krak Mound to be picked up by poor local people. Some historians see it as a continuation of the Slavic traditions of leaving food for the dead.
The name of the festival
The name of the festival, Rekawka, might go back to the times of a legendary Slavic prince, Krak (or, Krakus).  The legend says that Krak was the founder of the city of Kraków, and a great ruler. After his death, the people of Kraków built a high mound in his honour. To build the mound, they were carrying up the earth in their sleeves (Polish rekaw – sleeve) – and, that is why the festival is called Rekawka.

However, the festival’s name might also come from the Old Slavic words raka, rakev, meaning grave or burial. While excavating the mound, archaeologists found man-made objects from many different cultures and different periods – from the Stone Age to modern times. And, they also found some burial remains. These finds give evidence to the Old Slavic origin of the mound’s name.

Rekawka in modern times
Nowadays, Rekawka has a popular, folk character. If the weather is warm and sunny, it can be an occasion for a pleasant family outing. There are stalls selling sweets and toys, merry-go-rounds, and street musicians. More recently, the festival has been featuring medieval knights fighting each other in mock duels,and medieval craftsmen at work. There is also an opportunity to taste traditional dishes such as kołacze.

References

Festivals in Europe
Kraków
The Guantanamo Bay detention camp (which is also called Guantanamo or Gitmo) is a United States military prison in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base on the coast of Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. The prison is said to be breaking international human rights laws, as prisoners have been held without trial , and there have been reports of prisoners being tortured.

History
Bush administration
The prison was established under the presidency of George W. Bush, in 2002 during the War on Terror. The Secretary of Defense at the time was Donald Rumsfeld, who said that the prison was built to hold dangerous people, question them, and charge them with war crimes: "These men are particularly dangerous... at least one detainee now in Cuba has been threatening to kill Americans. Another has bitten a guard... To stop future terrorist attacks, we have detained these people, and we have and will be questioning them to gather additional intelligence information...The reality is that they have been charged with something. They have been found to be engaging on the behalf of Al-Qaeda or the Taliban and have been captured." 
Since January 2002, 779 men have been kept in Guantanamo. These men have been from over 50 countries. Nearly 200 were released in mid 2004.
Although the Bush govenrnment said that most of the men had been captured at war, a 2006 report found that over 80% of the prisoners were captured by Pakistanis and Afghans for bounty payments. The US had offered $5,000 for each prisoner. 
In 2012, Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson said that US officials (including president Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld) had known that most of the original prisoners were innocent, but kept them to make themselves look better  
A report by the Institute on Medicine as a Profession in 2013 said that health professionals in Guantanamo "designed and participated in cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment and torture of detainees." This involved:
 Abusive interrogation
 Creating conditions designed to increase anxiety and confusion in prisoners
 Using medical information for questioning
 Force feeding
Force feeding
Morris Davis (former chief prosecutor for the terrorism trials at Guantanamo Bay), began an e-petition to close Guantanamo. The e-petition got over 72,000 signatures, and called attention to the huger strikes that 'involves more than 100 prisoners, including come 21 who are being force-fed to keep them from starving to death." 
On 12 December 2013, retired US marine Major General Micheal R Lehnert (who oversaw the building of the Guantanamo prison camp) published a piece in the Detroit Free Press. He called Guantanamo "out nation's most notorious prison - a prison that should never have been opened", and provided a short description of its history:
"Our nation created Guantanamo because we were legitimately angry and frightened by an unprovoked attack on our soil on September 11, 2001. We thought that the detainees would provide would provide a treasure trove of information and intelligence.
"I was ordered to construct the first 100 cells at Guantanamo within 96 hours [4 days]. The first group of 20 prisoners arrived 7 days after the order was given. We were told that the prisoners were the 'worst of the worst', a common refrain for every set of detainees sent to Guantanamo. The US has held 779 men there, most of them cleared for transfer, but stuck by politics.
"Even in the earliest days of Guantanamo, I became more and more convinced that many of the detainees should never have been sent in the first place. They had little intelligence value, and there was insufficient evidence linking them to war crime [they didn't know anything, and there was little proof they had committed war crimes]. That the remains the case for many, if not most, of the detainees."
Obama administration
In his 2008 presidential campaign, Barack Obama described Guantanamo bay as a sad chapter in America's history and promised to close the prison in 2009. He changed this statement after he was elected. President Obama was not able to close Guantanamo before he left office, but he did reduce the prison's population to 41.

Trump administration
President Trump has promised to keep the prison open, and to use it keep "bad dudes". He also wants to bring back waterboarding and "worse".
On 31st January 2018, Trump signed an order to keep the prison open.
Torture claims
In court filings made public in 2007, FBI agents said that they saw prisoners:
 Chained in the fetal position on the floor
 Kept in very hot or very cold temperatures
 Gagged with duct-tape
 Held in stress positions (uncomfortable, caused joint problems) while shackled
 shackled in a baseball catcher's position
 made to listen to loud music with flashing floodlights for over 24 hours
 kept in bare 6x8 foot cells
 chained for 18–24 hours in own urine and feces
Other claims include:
 being sexually degraded
 forced drugging
 religious mistreatment 
 pepper spray to the face
 fingers pushed into eyes 
 repeated beatings
 sexual assault
 torture with broken glass
 torture with barbed wire
 torture with burning cigarettes 
 :simple:Sensory deprivation  Sensory deprivation
 head slammed into concrete
 anal penetration
 routine :simple:Sleep deprivation  Sleep deprivation
 forced drug injections 
 sexual assault by female officers
 smeared with fake menstrual blood
releasing medical information including photographs 
 forced to soil self
 12 hour interrogations
 woken by being doused in water
 intimated with dogs 
 forced to salute the American National Anthem
 had pictures of 9/11 victims stuck to body
 forcibly shaved
 forced to bark like a dog
 forcibly stripped
 made to wear a bra and make up 
 intimidated with :simple:Semi-automatic firearm  semi-automatic weapons and power tools
 given threats to assualt their mothers
 :simple:Waterboarding  waterboarded over 100 times
Murder accusations
On 10 June 2006, three prisoners (Mani al-Utaybi, Yasser al-Zahrani, Ali Abdullah Ahmed died in Guantanamo Bay. The Pentagon told the media that the prisoners had been hanged with clothing and bedsheets.
"[The detainees] were found unresponsive and not breathing in their cells by guards.
"Medical teams responded quickly and all three detainees were provided immediate emergency medical treatment in attempts to  revive them. The three detainees were pronounced dead by a physician after all life saving measures were exhausted."
- Statement issued by Joint Task Force Guantanamo
Legal issues

President Bush's military order
On 14th September 2001, Congress pushed for the Authorisation for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, which would have given the President broad powers to start The War on Terror in response to the 9/11 attacks. However, Secretary of State Colin Powell and State Department Legal Advisor William Howard Taft IV said that the president must observe the Geneva conventions.
On 13th November 2001, President Bush signed a military order titled Detention, Treatment and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism.
Rasul v Bush
On 19th February 2002, Guantanamo detainees petitioned to review their detentions and the reasons for them. US District Judge Collen Kollar-Kotelly rejected the petition, finding that non-US citizens in Cuba could not access or use US courts.
On 28th June 2004, the Supreme Court of the United States decided against this in Rasul v Bush (UK prisoner in Guantanamo petitioning against Judge Kollar-Kotelly's decision in 2002). Justice John Paul Stevens said that the prisoners had the right to petition the court to review their cases.
Hamden v Rumsfeld
The Bush government said that the Geneva Conventions did not apply to the prisoners. Supreme Court decisions since 2004 have said different: it decided in the Hamden v Rumfeld trial  that Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions (which sets rules for the treatment of prisoners of war) applies to the prisoners
In 2006, Deputy Defense Scretary Paul Wolfowitz created 'Combatant Status Review Tribunals' (CSRTs) to decide if prisoners were war criminals
The CSRTs  were completed in March 2005. Thirty-eight of the prisoners were found innocent. After the autobiography of Murnat Kurnaz (Turk-German held in Guantanamo 2002-2007) was published, military lawyer Eugene R. Fidell said that the book "suggested the [CSRT] procedure is a sham; if a case like that can get through then the [smallest trace] of evidence against someone would [win over] for the governments, even if there's a mountain [of evidence] on the other side."
On 15 July 2005, a panel on the Court of Appeals threw out all of the prisoners' petitions. On 7 November 2005 Supreme Court agreed to review that decision.
On 30 December, Supreme Court passed the 'Detainee Treatment Act' which removed the prisoners' right to petition for review.
Boumedine v Bush
The Military Commissions Act 2006 was passed on 17 October 2006, allowing trial in military court for war criminals. On 12 June 2008, the US Supreme Court decided against the government. Justice Antony Kennedy said that Guantanamo prisoners had the right to petition in federal court.

Other court rulings
On 3 March 2006, on order of US District Judge Jed S. Rakoff, the Department of Defense released the names of 317 of the 500 prisoners being held in Guantanamo Bay. The remaining 183 were held for privacy reasons.
On 27 September 2007, French Judge put back a conviction of six former Guantanamo prisoners. Defense lawyers for the men (who were all French citizens), accused the French government of working with the US on their detentions.
On 21 October 2008, US District Court Judge Richard J. Leon ordered the release of five Algerians and for a sixth to remain in Guantanamo.
Access to court
In the summer of 2012, the US government rejected a bid to limit lawyers' access to Guantanamo prisoners. Instead lawyers were required to sign a Memorandum of Understanding, meaning that they agreed to certain restriction when visiting the prisoners, including losing access to some classified information. This gave the Commander of the Joint Task Force of Guantanamo full control over lawyers' contacct with prisoners, including visits and letters. On 6 September,  US District Judge Royce. C Lamberth rejected the argument that prison officers to take charge of meetings between lawyers and prisoners
International law
In April 2004,  Cuban diplomats called for a United Nations investigation of Guantanamo Bay
In May 2007, the United Nations released a report for the UN Human Rights CouncilThe report said that the US had broken international law, Article 5 of the Geneva conventions, and the Nuremberg principles.
In April 2011, a report published in the Public Library of Science Medical Journal looked at nine prisoners for evidence of torture. They found that medical doctors at Guantanamo ignored or hid medical evidence of intentional harm and torture.

Guantanamo lease agreement
The base containing the prison camp is on territory that is recognized as sovereign Cuban territory. It is legally leased (rented) to the American Navy by the Cuban government through the 'Agreement between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval sites'. This suggests it is illegal for the US to hold a prison on the land.
Actions of some released prisoners.
Abdallah Salih al-Ajmi committed a successful suicide attack in Mosul on 25 March 2008. Al-Ajmi had been released from Guantanamo in 2005 and transferred to :simple:Kuwait  Kuwait where he was from. A Kuwati court later dropped all his terrorism charges.
Moussa Zenmouri (37, Belgian of Moroccan descent) and Soufiane A (Algerian) were arrested on 24 July 2015 on charges of terrorism. They were release from Guantanamo in April 2005 and had been under police :simple:Surveillance  surveillance for suspected robbery.
Ibrahim al Qosi was featured in a video for 'Guardians of Shariah'as a religious leader in a high position in Al-Qaeda. Al Qosi was Osama bin Laden's accountant in the early 90's, and moved to Afghanistan with bin Laden in 1996. He was also bin Laden's chauffer. He was in Guantanamo from 2002 to 2012.
On 8th March 2016, Reuters reported that 111 of 532 prisoners released by the Bush administration and 7 of 144 released by the Obama administration have returned. So, 118 of 676 (17%) are confirmed to have returned to fighting, and a further 86 (13%) are suspected to have returned to fighting.
In March 2016, Paul Lewis (Pentagon employee tasked with closing Guantanamo) said that "Americans have been killed by prisoners released from Guantanamo Bay", He refused to give a total or say when the attacks occurred.
Criticism and condemnation
Human Rights Watch criticised the Bush administration in its 2003 world report, stating "Washington has ignored human rights standards in its own treatment of terrorist suspects. It has refused to apply the Geneva conventions to prisoners of war from Afghanistan, and has misused the designation of 'illegal combatant' to apply to criminal suspects on U.S. soil." 
On 25 May 2005, Amnesty International released its annual report calling the prison the "gulag of our times".
In November 2005, a group of experts from the United Nations on Human Rights called off their visit to Guantanamo Bay Camp Delta, saying that the US was not allowing them to hold private interviews with the prisoners. The group continued to write a report on the conditions in the prison based on interviews with released prisoners, lawyers, and human rights groups that had already visited. In February 2006, that report was published. The report called on the US to either charge or release all suspected terrorists, and included the US ambassador's reply to the draft versions of the report.
On 10 March 2006, a letter in the Lancet (a weekly medical journal) was published, signed by over 250 medical experts, calling for the US to stop force-feeding prisoners and close the prison. Dr David Nicholl (who wrote the letter), said that the definition of torture (that the US was using) as only actions that cause "death or major organ failure" was "not a definition anyone on the planet is using."
Polls run by the Program of International Policy (PIP) found that "large majorities in Germany and Great Britain, and pluralities in Poland and India, believe the US has committed violations of international law at its prison on Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, including the use of interrogations." (This means that large amounts of people in Germany, Great Britain, Poland and India thought that the US was breaking international laws at Guantanamo Bay.) PIP found that a lot of the people who filled the polls said that they no longer saw the US as leaders of human rights because of Guantanamo.
References

2002 establishments in North America
Prisoners of war
Hedylidae is a family of insects in the lepidopteran order, 
They are also called the "American moth-butterflies". Butterflies evolved from moths, and this group is rather moth-like.

They are living sister group to the butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea. In 1986, Scoble combined all 35 species into a single genus Macrosoma. They are all entirely neotropical species from central and southern America and the Caribbean.

DNA sequence analysis of this group continues.

References 

Butterflies
Hon-Kawagoe Station (本川越駅, ほんかわごええき) is a railway station of Seibu in Kawagoe, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. This station is the neareset station of Koedo.

Adjacent stations 
Seibu
 Seibu Shinjuku Line
Koedo limited express, Commuter express
Sayamashi - Hon-Kawagoe
Express, Semi Expless, Local
Minami-Ōtsuka - Hon-Kawagoe

Related pages 
 Kawagoeshi Station
 Kawagoe Station

Other websites 

 Hon-Kawagoe Station (Official Site)  

Railway stations in Saitama Prefecture
Kawagoe Station (川越駅, かわごええき) is a railway station of Tobu and JR East in Kawagoe, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Adjacent stations 
 Tobu
  Tōbu Tōjō Line
 TJ Liner
 Fujimino - Kawagoe - Sakado (up services)/Kawagoeshi (down services)
 Rapid Express
 Shiki - Kawagoe - Kawagoeshi
 Rapid, Express
 Fujimino - Kawagoe - Kawagoeshi
 Semi Express, Local
 Shingashi - Kawagoe - Kawagoeshi
 JR East
  Kawagoe Line (For Saikyō Line)
 Minami-Furuya - Kawagoe
  Kawagoe Line (For Hachikō Line)
 Nishi-Kawagoe - Kawagoe

Related pages 
 Hon-Kawagoe Station
 Kawagoeshi Station

Other websites 

 Tobu Kawagoe Station (Official Site)  
 JR East Kawagoe Station (Official Site) 

Railway stations in Saitama Prefecture
Azubuike Michael Egwu (born 1 February 1985), professionally known as Zubby Michael is a Nigerian actor and movie producer. He was famous for his role in Three Windows,  Royal Storm and Professional Lady. His first appearance was in the movie titled Missing Rib but known for The Three Widows where he played the lead role. In 2021, he starred in "Bitter Rain".

Early life and career
Zubby was born in Ekwusigo Local Government Area in Anambra State on 1 February 1985 but grew up in Adamawa where he completed his elementary education. He attended Nnamdi Azikiwe University where he obtained a degree in Mass Communication.

He began acting in Yola at a young age. His first movie appearance was in a movie titled Missing rib but became popular for his lead role in The Three Windows. Zubby has appeared in several other films. He was named as one of the richest actors in Nollywood. He also said that he is the best actor in Africa.

Zubby Michael is not married.

Awards and nominations

Acting Awards

Other awards
Other awards

Endorsements

Pictorials

Interviews

Appointments

Selected filmography

References 

1985 births
Nigerian actors
Movie producers
Movie directors
People from Adamawa State
Fukaya Station (深谷駅, ふかやえき) is a railway station of JR East in Fukaya, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Adjacent stations 
 JR East
  Takasaki Line
 Urban Rapid, Local
 Kagohara - Fukaya - Okabe

Other websites 

 Fukaya Station (Official Site) 

Railway stations in Saitama Prefecture
Kwame Raoul (born September 30, 1964) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Raoul is the 42nd Attorney General of Illinois since 2019.

Raoul was a member of the Illinois Senate.  He represented the 13th district from 2004 to 2019 after he was appointed to fill the seat left by Barack Obama, upon Obama's election to the U.S. Senate.

Raoul was the Democratic Party's nominee for Attorney General of Illinois in the 2018 election and won the general election.

References

Other websites
Biography, bills and committees at the 98th Illinois General Assembly
By session: 98th, 97th, 96th, 95th, 94th, 93rd
Kwame Raoul for State Senator
 
 Senator Kwame Raoul  at Illinois Senate Democrats

1964 births
Living people
Lawyers from Chicago
DePaul University alumni
Politicians from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Allan Byron Swift (September 12, 1935 – April 20, 2018), an American Emmy award–winning broadcaster and politician. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1995. He represented the Second Congressional District of Washington as a Democrat.

Swift died on April 20, 2018 in Alexandria, Virginia of pulmonary fibrosis at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

 Stennis Center for Public Service profile of Al Swift
 Colling, Swift & Hynes bio of Al Swift

Emmy Award winners
1935 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary fibrosis
Disease-related deaths in Virginia
American radio personalities
United States representatives from Washington
Politicians from Tacoma, Washington
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Firmin Le Bourhis (18 May 1950 – 21 April 2018) was a French detective writer. He authored 32 detective novels over the course of 18 years. He wrote many novels regarding romance and politics. He was born in Finistère, France.

Le Bourhis died of a heart attack on his way to the Envolée des livres, a book festival in Châteauroux, aged 68.

References

1950 births
2018 deaths
Crime writers
French novelists
Nelson Pereira dos Santos (22 October 1928 – 21 April 2018) was a Brazilian movie director. He directed movies such as Vidas Secas (Barren Lives). He also directed Rio 40° and How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman.

In 1963, Pereira dos Santos was a member of the jury at the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival. In 1981 he was a member of the jury at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.

Pereira dos Santos was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters since 2006.

Pereira dos Santos died of multiple organ failure complicated by liver cancer in Rio de Janeiro on 12 April 2018 at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
Nelson Pereira dos Santos Bio-Filmography at Senses of Cinema by Hudson Moura

Description of dos Santos by Ephraim Katz

1928 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Brazilian movie directors
People from São Paulo
Edward James Martin "Ted" Koppel (born February 8, 1940) is a British-born American broadcast journalist. He is best known as the anchor for Nightline, from the program's beginning in 1980 until 2005. During his career, Koppel has won 25 Emmy Awards, including a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2007.

References

Other websites
 Biography from ABC
 Ted Koppel to Join 'NY Times' Editorial Page, Contribute to NPR, a January 2006 article from Editor & Publisher
 Global National anchor Kevin Newman recalls Ted Koppel on his blog
 ABC News' "Time Tunnel" page containing clips of numerous newscasts (including Nightline) on which Koppel appeared
 Memory and Imagination: New Pathways to the Library of Congress Documentary 

Emmy Award winners
1940 births
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American television presenters
American journalists
Harvey Robert Levin (born September 2, 1950) is an American television producer, lawyer, legal analyst and celebrity reporter of Jewish descent.  He is the founder of TMZ and also the host of OBJECTified, which airs on the Fox News Channel.

In April 2010, Levin publicly came out as gay. He has been in a partnership with Andy Mauer since the 1990s.

References

Other websites
 
 Variety profile

1950 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
Lawyers from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television presenters
American television producers
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Fox News people
Gay Jews
Jewish American actors
Jewish American writers
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish lawyers
LGBT actors
LGBT lawyers
LGBT people from Los Angeles
American LGBT writers
Television personalities from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
James Edward Rothman (born November 3, 1950) is an American biochemist. He is the Fergus F. Wallace Professor of Biomedical Sciences at Yale University, the Chairman of the Department of Cell Biology at Yale School of Medicine, and the Director of the Nanobiology Institute at the Yale West Campus. 

Rothman worked at Columbia University and a research professor at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London. 

Rothman was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on vesicle trafficking (shared with Randy Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof).

References

1950 births
Living people
American biologists
American chemists
Scientists from Massachusetts
People from Haverhill, Massachusetts
Randy Wayne Schekman (born December 30, 1948) is an American cell biologist. He works at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the editor-in-chief of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 

He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1992. He won the 2013 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with James Rothman and Thomas C. Südhof for their work on cell membrane vesicle trafficking.

References

1948 births
Living people
American biologists
Scientists from Minnesota
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Edvard Ingjald Moser (; born 27 April 1962) is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist. He works at the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. In 2005, he and May-Britt Moser discovered grid cells. 

He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014 with May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe for their work identifying the brain's positioning system.

References

1962 births
Living people
Norwegian scientists
Neuroscientists
Physiologists