Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Harp fingering
Harp music looks like piano music: there are two staves, one which usually has a treble clef for the right hand, the other with a bass clef for the left hand.  Some piano music can be played on the harp, but the piano fingering will not work.  On a piano, starting with the thumb and going along the fingers to the little finger means going to higher notes in the right hand and to lower notes in the left hand.  On the harp it is the other way round (the harpist sits with the high notes nearest to his body).  The thumb is numbered 1 and the fingers are 2, 3 and 4.  The little finger is not used in harp playing.
Woodwind fingering
In woodwind instruments there is normally one basic fingering, each note is a particular combination of fingers. However at more advanced levels different fingerings can be used in order to create different effects.  Beginners’ books may have a fingering chart to show how to get the different notes.  A low F sharp on a descant recorder will be fingered 1 2 3 0 2 3.  This means: fingers 1, 2 and 3 of the left hand and fingers 2 and 3 of the right hand.  The first hole of the right hand position is left open.

On the recorder some of the notes, especially sharps and flats, have complicated fingering.  This is called “cross fingering”.  The flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon all have metal keys to help reach the low holes and to make it easier to play the sharps and flats.  The usual system for these keys was invented in the 19th century by Theobald Böhm.
Sometimes there is an “alternative fingering” for some notes.  This can be used to make it easier to play fast trills, but the usual fingering will sound better for normal notes.

Using good fingering
Good fingering is fingering which avoids moving the hand up and down unnecessarily.  It should also help the music to sound good e.g. legato music for smooth tunes, clear music for fast repeated notes.

Musical performance techniques
The Rhön are a group of low mountains in central Germany, in the states Hesse, Bavaria and Thuringia. They are the product of ancient volcanic activity and are separated from the Vogelsberg Mountains by the Fulda River and its valley. 

These mountains are a popular tourist attraction. Hikers come for the nearly 6,000 km (3,750 miles) of tracks through the picturesque scenery, and gliding has been done here since the early Twentieth century. Nowadays people come here to stay on a farm during holidays, too.

Since 1991, UNESCO has declared the Rhön a Biosphere Reserve. 

The highest mountains of the Rhön are:
Wasserkuppe 950 m (3,110 ft), (Hessian Rhön)
Kreuzberg (mountain) 928 m (3,040 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Schwabenhimmel 926 m (3,040 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Heidelstein 913 m (3,000 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Milseburg 835 m (2,740 ft) (Hessian Rhön)
Feuerberg 832 m (2,730 ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
Ellenbogen 814 m (2,670 ft) (Thuringian Rhön)

Other websites
Other websites 

Rhön tourism portal
The Rhön hiking club (in German) 
white pages and websites of Fulda and the hessian Rhön (in German) 
360 degree virtual tour through the hessian Rhön (in German)
Orchids of the Rhön, with many informations about Rhön's nature (in German)

Biosphere reserves
Geography of Bavaria
Geography of Hesse
Geography of Thuringia
Mountain ranges of Germany
The LZ 129 Hindenburg was a large German airship, built in 1936. It was named in honor of the  German field marshal and statesman Paul von Hindenburg. Such airships are called Zeppelin. Along with another Zeppelin, LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin, it was the biggest airship in the world at the time it was built.

The Zeppelin gained lots of publicity and became very famous. The boxer Max Schmeling flew on it back to Germany after defeating Joe Louis in the United States. It was also present during the opening ceremony of the 1936 Summer Olympics which were held in Berlin. This attention was part of the Zeppelin company's plan to offer a fleet of their airships for trans-atlantic service.

The disaster 
On May 6, 1937, the Hindenburg was landing in New Jersey after a transatlantic flight, when it burst into flames. 36 people died and many were injured.  The Hindenburg was destroyed by the burning of the hydrogen that was inside it.  There are many opinions on what started the fire.
An announcer, Herbert Morrison reported the landing and then screamed and said, "Oh the humanity" after it caught on fire. Morrison's line is now famous around the world as well as photos and film footage of the disaster.

The rock group Led Zeppelin used a picture of the fire for the cover of their self-titled debut album.

1937
1930s in the United States
Airships
Disasters in the 1930s
20th century in New Jersey
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
1936 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in Germany
The Vogelsberg Mountains are a group of low mountains in central Germany. They are in the middle of the state of Hessen. They are the product of ancient volcanic activity and are separated from the Rhön Mountains by the Fulda River and its valley.

The Vogelsberg is about 19 million years old. It is Germany's only shield volcano. It is the largest basalt formation of Central Europe. It consists of many layers which fall downward from their peak in ring-shaped terraces to the base.

The highest mountains of the Vogelsberg are Taufstein, 773 m (2,536 ft), and Hoherodskopf, 763 m (2,503 ft). Both are now in a national park, the Hoher Vogelsberg Nature Reserve.

Geography of Hesse
Mountain ranges of Germany
The Fulda is a river in Hesse, Germany. It is one of two headstreams of the Weser River (the other one being the Werra). The Fulda River is 218 km in length.

The source is in the Rhön mountains. From here it runs northwards through the Weserbergland hills and finally meets the Werra River close to Hannoversch Münden.

Cities along the Fulda River include:

 Gersfeld
 Fulda
 Bad Hersfeld
 Rotenburg
 Melsungen
 Kassel

Geography of Hesse
Rivers of Germany
Emo is a kind of music which is short for "emotive hardcore." The style first formed in the mid-1980s, taking the musical sounds of hardcore punk and post-hardcore and combining them with sad and sensitive lyricism (words) that emo has become so well known for.

In the mid-1990s, emo incorporated indie rock elements. This ultimately made the emo bands of the 90's much less angry and 'punk-ish' and more dramatic, sometimes even acoustic. Once emo became popular in the 2000s, it became shaped by pop-punk, (a mix of emo and pop punk exists, and is called "emo-pop") alternative rock and melodic hardcore.

The birthplace of the emo style of music is often said to be Washington, D.C.. This is because the first known emo band, Rites Of Spring, is from that city.

Fashion
Fashion

As emo entered the mainstream, it became as tied to fashion as to the music genre. The term "emo" is associated with wearing skinny jeans, as well as tight T-shirts (usually short-sleeved) or zip-up hoodies which often bear the names of emo bands. Studded belts, converse sneakers, vans, and black wristbands also became associated with emo fashion. Also, thick, horn-rimmed glasses remained in emo fashion. In the mid-2000s, eyeliner and black fingernails became another common thing in emo fashion. The most famous part of emo fashion is the emo hairstyle. The emo hairstyle is flat, straight, and usually jet black hair with long bangs that often will cover a lot of the face. This fashion has at times been characterized as a fad. Emo fashion also has been often confused with goth fashion and scene fashion.

As emo became known as a subculture, people who both dressed in emo fashion and associated themselves with the genre of emo music have been called "emo kids" or "emos".
Music
Examples of bands that emos have been known for listening to are My Chemical Romance, Hawthorne Heights, Silverstein, AFI, Dashboard Confessional, Simple Plan, Brand New, From First to Last, Armor for Sleep, Aiden, Senses Fail, Fall Out Boy, Taking Back Sunday, The Movielife, Death Cab for Cutie, The Used, Alesana, Finch, Panic! at the Disco, and Paramore.

Emo kids also tend to show high interest in lesser known emo bands, such as Ashestoangels, A Thorn For Every Heart, Dear Whoever and (early) Greeley Estates.

Three of the bands mentioned above are multi-platinum acts (My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boy, and Panic at the Disco) and they are known for making "emo-pop" music early in their careers. They have, however, protested to belonging to the emo genre.

Criticism and controversy
Stereotypes
People who associate themselves with emo tend to be looked at by society as anxious and emotional. These types of people are looked at by society to be associated with depression, self-harm and suicide. Some people explained the difference between emos and goths by saying that "emos hate themselves, while goths hate everyone."

Suicide and self harm
Some people believe emo is a bad thing. A teenager named Hannah Bond died by hanging herself, blamed by both her mother, Heather Bond, and Hannah's coroner ("dead body analyst"). They both believed that emo music caused Hannah to think that suicide is good. They noticed that Hannah appeared to really enjoy the song My Chemical Romance. They noticed that she joined an "emo cult", and an image of an emo girl with bloody wrists was shown on her Bebo page. It was reported that Hannah told her parents that her self-harm was an "emo initiation ceremony". Heather Bond does not like emo culture: "There are 'emo' websites that show pink teddies hanging themselves." After the results of her dead body are reported on the magazine NME, fans of emo music were complaining that the emo culture did not promote self-harm and suicide. The band My Chemical Romance felt sad about Hannah's death, and spoke verbally that the band is both anti-violence and anti-suicide.

Related pages
 Screamo

References 

Music genres
Gonadotropins (or Gonadotrophins) are hormones. The two main hormones of the group are Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Gonadotropins are hormones that tell the testicles to make sperm or the uterus to release an egg.

Hormones
The DeLorean Motor Company was a car manufacturer formed by John DeLorean in 1975.  The company only made one car during its existence - the DMC-12, which has featured in the science fiction series Back to the Future as a time machine created by Doc Emmett Brown.

In 1957, John Z. DeLorean decided to create his own sport car.  It was one of his childhood dreams.  He created the DeLorean Motors Company near Belfast, Northern Ireland, and his project was helped by the British government.  His first car, the DMC-12, was produced in 1981.  When the car was publicly launched, the car was a success, and 6,539 DMC-12s were produced in 1981.  The car was expensive, and regarded as underpowered for its cost.

Production of the DMC-12 continued until 1983, when the DeLorean Motors Company had money problems.  John Z. De Lorean was later arrested by police for trafficking cocaine. Production of DeLorean cars was stopped.

At present, 6000 De Lorean are used regularly by their owners, and a big majority is in the USA.
References 

1975 establishments in the United States
American automobile companies
Defunct companies of the United States
1983 disestablishments in the United States
Companies based in Detroit
A wedding is the ceremony in which two people become married. It is usually between a man (the bridegroom) and a woman (the bride). Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple, presentation of a gift (offering, rings, symbolic item, flowers, money, dress), and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. In some places, same-sex weddings are legal. It is common for the couple involved in the wedding to exchange vows and to give each other rings. Weddings are held in religious buildings or other sites such gardens or the home of the bride's parents.

Wedding customs in western societies
Pre-wedding customs
In the few days or weeks before a wedding, the bride will attend a "bridal shower" held in a friend's home. She receives gifts for and advice about married life. The groom will attend a "bachelor party" with his groomsmen. This event marks his last night as a bachelor. The party is usually held in a restaurant or club. There is much drinking and merriment. Strippers may entertain. Porn movies may be viewed to educate the groom about his marital responsibilities. A dinner is sometimes held for the parents of the couple. A dinner for all the members of the wedding party is usually held the night before the wedding.

Ceremony  
A traditional wedding ceremony in the western world usually consists of the couple exchanging vows before a government official such as a justice of the peace or a clergyperson such as a priest, minister, or pastor. Nuns are not permitted to perform marriages. Rings are exchanged between the married couple, following which they kiss.
Site
Traditionally, the bride's church, synagogue, temple, or other religious centre, or the home of her parents is the site of her wedding. Non-traditional couples choose various and unusual sites. Some couples have married while snorkeling or skydiving. Rich couples sometimes choose "destination weddings". These couples pay for guests to attend their wedding at a romantic "destination" such as a Caribbean island.

Reception

There is often a party or banquet after the wedding called a reception. This is also called the wedding breakfast as it is the first meal the married couple eat together. During the reception, the couple greet friends and family, cut a cake, and have the first dance together. The bride's garter is usually tossed to the groomsmen. The bride's bouquet is tossed to the bridesmaids. The couple depart the reception site in a car that is sometimes decorated with balloons, signs ("Just Married!"), old shoes or tin cans tied to the rear bumper.
Dress
The bride usually wears a white dress. White symbolizes virginity. She sometimes wears a thin piece of white cloth on her head called a veil, or a wreath of flowers, a tiara, or other headdress. The groom lifts the veil before or after the vows are taken. The groom is usually dressed in formal attire.

Honeymoon
After the wedding, the newlyweds usually take a trip, which is called a honeymoon. Traditionally, the honeymoon was the time when the couple had their first sexual intercourse and established their sexual relationship. Many, many couples in the western world today have had sexual intercourse long before the wedding, and the honeymoon has become a time of intimate relaxation before returning to work, debts, and other obligations.
Wedding Wishes 
Marriage is the beautiful bond of souls bind together with eternal love, responsibility, rights, and obligations. Marriage is more the living together. It is about duty, commitment, understanding, and many more. From the prehistoric time, it has been the traditions to celebrate the wedding day full of fun, excitements, presents, and beautiful blessings.

Bridesmaids
The bridesmaids are people that walk down the aisle before the bride and her father. They often wear a dress the same colour as the bride's dress and they have a little flower bouquet like the bride.

Bridal shower
The bridal shower is similar to the bachelor party, but it is for the women.

References

Marriage
Ceremonies
Stargate SG-1 is a science fiction television program. It takes place after the movie Stargate. The show started on July 27, 1997 on the TV channel Showtime, from 1997 to 2002, and then on the TV channel Sci Fi, from 2002 to 2007. The first episode, "Children of the Gods" was two hours long and was rated R because of a scene of nudity. It is the only episode in the series that was rated. The show ended with the episode, "Unending" on March 13, 2007.

The show follows the missions of a secret military operation known as the Stargate Program. It is run out of a base under Cheyenne Mountain, known as Stargate Command (commonly called the SGC). The plot of the show revolves around the flagship team, called SG-1. The team is made up of Colonel Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson), Dr. Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks), Major Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping), and Teal'c (Christopher Judge).

Related pages
 Stargate Atlantis
 Stargate Universe
Other websites 
 SciFi Channel Stargate Website 
 Stargate SG-1 Official Site
 
 GateWorld

1997 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
American science fiction television series
Stargate
English-language television programs
Stargate Atlantis is a television series. It is a spin-off of the Stargate SG-1 series. The series starts at the beginning of the eighth season of Stargate SG-1. Mika McKinnon was a science adviser for this show and Stargate Universe.

Story 

The main subject of the seventh season of Stargate SG-1 was researching and locating the city of the Ancients. At the end of the seventh season, SG-1 discovered that the city is on Earth, under the ices of Antarctica. But it was in fact only a beachhead. Doctor Daniel Jackson finds the coordinates of the real city. Its name is Atlantis (the legendary ancient city), and it's in the Pegasus galaxy. The address was hard to find because it needs eight chevrons, the seventh of which is used to indicate the galaxy.

References

Other websites 
MGM: Stargate Atlantis
SCI FI: Stargate Atlantis 

Stargate Atlantis episode guide at GateWorld
Stargate Atlantis Links Directory at GateGuide
2004 television series debuts
American drama television series
Canadian television series
Science fiction television series
Stargate
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Enchilada is a traditional Mexican dish. The words comes from enchilar, which means add Chili peppers to something. The traditional enchilada sauce mainly consists of Chile peppers. The basis for the enchilada is tortilla, made from maize. After that,a certain kind of meat (usually birds, like chicken or turkey) is added. Some people also add onions and cheese.

Recipes
Easy Enchiladas 
Enchiladas Suiza 
Enchiladas Verde (Green Enchiladas)
Breakfast Enchiladas 
Enchilame 

Mexican food
Sugar Sugar Rune (シュガシュガルーン) is a Japanese manga and anime. It tells the story of two young witches who are in a competition together. They are trying to become the new queen of their world.
Story 
Vanilla and Chocolat are two young witches who are sent in the humans world in order to decide who will become the new queen of their world. Their goal is succeeding in getting colored hearts from boys by being nice to them. When the boys fall in love with them, their feelings turn into a heart that the witches can take with a magic spell. The hearts are different colors for different feelings, such as surprise, love, or jealousy. Each heart can be used like money in their world, and some are worth more than others. Vanilla and Chocolat go to school like regular humans, and they take the hearts of the boys that they see at school and at other places in town. They can also get a heart that represents friendship from other girls, and they learn that it is important for the future Queen to be able to be nice to girls as well as boys. Also, Vanilla and Chocolat are friends, and they decide that they will stay friends no matter who becomes the queen of their world at the end of the competition.
Main Characters 
Chocolat Meilleure : (Chocolat Katô in the world of the humans.) Chocolat is a young witch with a lot of charisma. She is funny and not shy at all. Her personality make her liked in her world, but in her new school, the boys prefer a shy girl like Vanilla. She has a quick temper that scares human boys, but she is not truly cruel-hearted. Later on in the story, some of the boys start to like her. Two boys from her own world also like her a lot and want her to be the queen of their world. Chocolat's mother was also in a competition to become the queen before Chocolat was born, but she died when Chocolat was a baby. Chocolat has a crush on Pierre.

Vanilla Mieux : (Vanilla Ice in the world of the humans). Vanilla is the best-friend of Chocolat. She is very shy. She tries to be nice to everyone, but sometimes the boys want her to like them instead of everyone at once. Vanilla's mother is the queen of their world, and she is a very nice person who helps Vanilla and Chocolat from time to time.
Rockin' Robin : Robin is a wizard from Vanilla and Chocolat's world, and the girls in the human world like him a lot. His job is to help Vanilla and Chocolat while they compete to become the queen of their world. He gives them advice about living with humans.

Pierre He is a cold boy who is not innocent as he looks. He is popular with the girls in Chocolat's world, but he is an evil Ogre (an evil race of wizards and witches). He even tries to kill Chocolat once. He has a fan club of pretty, but cruel girls. Eventually, he starts to warm up and Chocolat saves him and he becomes good again. He likes Chocolat romantically.

References 

Manga
Byzantine art is a form of Christian Greek art of the Eastern Roman Empire (now called the Byzantine Empire) from about the 5th century to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.

However, the term can also be for other the art of countries who shared their culture with the Byzantine Empire, including Bulgaria, Serbia and Rus. The Republic of Venice and Kingdom of Sicily can also be included even though they were part of Western European culture. Art that was produced by Balkan and Anatolian Christians who lived in the Ottoman Empire is often called "post-Byzantine." Certain traditions that began in the Byzantine Empire, particularly icon painting and church architecture, are still current in Greece, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries.

Related pages
 Icon 
 Basilica 
 Tempera 
 Mosaic 
 List of Renaissance artists

References

Other websites 
 The Glory of Byzantium. Exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Art
Christian art
Hel is one of the nine worlds of Norse mythology. It is where the mortal dead gather after life if their death was dishonourable. Its ruler is the goddess Hel. Hel is located under the roots of the tree Yggdrasil. It can be reached via the river Gjöll. A bridge spans this river which is guarded by the giantess Modgrudr. Garm, a dog, guards the entrance to the castle of Hel. He only lets the dead souls enter however they cannot leave. A rooster is the companion of Garm. Its purpose in the realm of the gods is to wake them for Ragnarök, this rooster will also wake the souls of the dead. 

The dragon Nidhögg eats from the corpses of deceased criminals. The wolf Fenrir also joins in on this feast.

Places in Norse mythology
Afterlife
Wrigley is a Canadian community in the Northwest Territories.
In 2001, 165 people lived there.

Settlements in the Northwest Territories
Stress could mean:

Mechanical 
 Stress (mechanics) 
 Yield stress in mechanical engineering and rheology

Biological 
Stress (biology), medical or psychological stress; types of medical stress include:
 Stress (psychological), a feeling of mental strain or pressure
 Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental disorder
 Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term functioning

Music 
 Accent (music)
 Stress (band), an early '80s melodic rock band from San Diego
 Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980s
 Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album † (album)

Other 
 Stress (game), card game
 Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language
The tabulating machine was a machine used to make the 1890 United States census. It was made by Herman Hollerith. Hollerith's machine used punched cards to store information with by categorisation.

Machines
FreeBASIC is a programming language like QuickBASIC. It is free and open source. It has many advanced things that other BASIC programming languages do not have. FreeBASIC can make graphical programs or console mode programs. It runs on DOS, Linux, and Microsoft Windows.

The FreeBASIC compiler can create itself.

Programming languages
Bohrium is a chemical element. At the periodic table of the elements it is at position 107.

The element is named in honor of Niels Bohr.

Mendeleev predicted that Bohrium would exist. He called the element eka-rhenium because of its location was near Rhenium in the Periodic Table. The chemistry of bohrium is like the chemistry of rhenium.

Other websites 

WebElements.com - Bohrium

Transition metals
Synthetic elements
Fermium (symbol Fm) is a chemical element. It has an atomic number of 100, which makes it at position 100 at the periodic table. Fermium cannot be found in nature; it has to be made.  Scientists can create it by combining plutonium with neutrons at very high speeds and temperatures.  It is named after Enrico Fermi.

History 
Albert Ghiorso and other scientists at the University of California, Berkeley first discovered fermium.  They found the element in the fallout from the explosion of the first successful hydrogen bomb test.  This test was on November 1, 1952.  In the fallout, scientists also discovered another new element, Einsteinium.  Because of the Cold War, the US military did not allow the scientists to publish their results in a scientific journal.  However, they conducted other studies and published their research in 1954.  The studies of nuclear fallout were declassified and published in 1955.
A group in the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm also discovered isotopes of this element before the research of the Berkeley scientists was published.  However, most agree that the Berkeley scientists were the first to discover fermium.

Actinides
Synthetic elements
Potash is a generic term for a chemical compound. It means the mixture of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate left over in ashes. The wood was burnt to produce ashes, which were dissolved in water. The potash was then reacted with fat to produce soap.

Related pages
Potash alum

Potassium compounds
Broadcaster may refer to:

 A broadcasting organization, one responsible for the production of radio and television programs and/or their transmission.
 A program presenter of any television or radio.
A sports commentator on television or radio.
 Fender Telecaster, first known as the Broadcaster, a guitar made by Fender.
A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particle movement is parallel to the direction of the wave propagation. This means that the particles move left and right which in turn makes the other particles start to oscillate. This creates a wave. Longitudinal waves are also called pressure waves, and sound waves are the most common kinds.
As with other waves, the particles do not move with the wave. 

wave physics
Southbridge is a city in the American state of Massachusetts. The city's nickname is "The Eye of the Commonwealth". It has a population of about 18,000. 

Southbridge has a lot of history and tradition. The city was once home to the largest optical manufacturer in the world: American Optical. American Optical moved somewhere in Mexico where workers would be paid smaller wages. It is now called the Mexican Optical. Southbridge has a great economy. It is often called a mixing pot of cultures. There are many different ethnic groups in Southbridge.

Population

References 

Cities in Massachusetts
The Tibetan language is a language spoken in Tibet, a region of China. It is one of the main Han–Tibetan languages.

It is also spoken in other parts of the Himalaya region, including northern Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Ladakh).

It has been spoken for many centuries (since at least the 6th century, possibly earlier).

Tibetan has many dialects. People who speak different dialects often cannot easily communicate with each other orally.

The Tibetan written language is not known by most Tibetans and is not taught in many Tibetan areas.

References

Sino-Tibetan languages
Aschaffenburg (; East Franconian: Aschebersch []) is a German city in the west of Franconia. It has a population of about 68,000. It is a part of the European metropolitan area of Frankfurt am Main.

References

Other websites
In sports, a Most Valuable Player award is an honour given to the player or players of a team that performed better than the other players throughout a league or contest. It was first used in professional sports, but is now used a lot in amateur sports and other things unrelated to sports, such as business and music awards. A similar award used in sports, often in soccer, is man of the match.

More reading
 

Sports words
MVP could mean:
 Most Valuable Player
 Montel Vontavious Porter, an American professional wrestler 
 Mitral valve prolapse, a heart valve disease
 MVP: Most Valuable Primate, a 2000 comedy movie
 Microsoft Most Valuable Professional, an award given by Microsoft
 MVP (band), a rap music band from New York
A stoat (Mustela erminea) is a small mammal of the family Mustelidae. It is also called a short tailed weasel. It is bigger than a weasel. Stoats in their white winter coat are also called ermines. They can grow to be as long as 30 centimeters (a foot long). They eat other small animals and bird eggs, and can kill animals bigger than themselves. They can also store food for later. They kill by biting the neck of their prey at the place where the skull attaches to the rest of the body.

Description
Stoats are long and thin with short legs, small ears, and thick warm fur. Their fur is brown, but changes to white in the winter. The tail has a black tip all year round. The whiskers are brown or white in colour, and very long. Stoats have a good sense of smell, and they hunt using smell. They do not see color as well as humans, but they can see better at night.
Males are 187–325 mm (7.4–12.8 in) in length. Females are 170–270 mm (6.7–10.6 in) in length. The tail is 75–120 mm (3.0–4.7 in) in males. The tail is 65–106 mm (2.6–4.2 in) in females. Males weigh 258 grams (9.1 oz). Females weigh less than 180 grams (6.3 oz).

Behavior
Stoats are largely crepuscular, meaning that they are most active during dawn and dusk, though they spread out their activity in short bursts during the day and night as well.

Stoats can spray a bad smelling fluid when they are scared. They are also good at climbing trees.
Feeding
The stoat lives by hunting. It usually hunts large rodents and lagomorphs. It will attack animals much larger than itself. In Russia, its prey includes rodents and lagomorphs such as European water voles, common hamsters, pikas. It overpowers them in their burrows. It also eats small birds, fish, and shrews and, more rarely, amphibians, lizards, and insects. In Great Britain, European rabbits are an important source of food. Stoats that live in Great Britain rarely kill shrews, rats, squirrels and water voles, though rats may be an important source of food locally. In Ireland, shrews and rats are frequently eaten. In North America, where the ecological niche for rat and rabbit sized prey is taken by the larger long-tailed weasel, the stoat hunts mice, voles, shrews, and young cottontail. In New Zealand, the stoat mostly feeds on birds, including the rare kiwi, kaka, mohua, yellow-crowned parakeet, and New Zealand dotterel.
Distribution and Habitat
Stoats live in temperate, subarctic northern areas. They live in parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. They were brought to New Zealand to kill rabbits. Unfortunately, they also killed many of the native New Zealand birds.
Reproduction
Stoats live alone and are territorial. The gestation period is usually around 300 days. After mating in the summer, the kits will not be born until the following spring. Female stoats spend almost all their lives either pregnant or in heat.They mate once a year and have several babies, which are called kits. The kits may not develop for 8–9 months after the female becomes pregnant. When weather conditions are good and there is plenty of food, the kits begin to grow and are born within a month. The males do not help raise the babies.

Males become sexually mature at 10–11 months. Females become sexually mature at the age of 2–3 weeks whilst still blind, deaf and hairless.

References

Mustelids
Mammals of Asia
Mammals of Europe
Mammals of North America
An icon , from the Greek word for image, is a picture of something holy or divine. Icons in this sense are in use mainly in Eastern Christianity. Look in the article Icon for this meaning.

Iconography is the study of all types of images, such as their history and meaning. This is mostly used in art history. The word can also mean symbolism.

In other use, an icon is a Pictogram for an object, facility, control, political party, government, or something like this. See Icon (secular).
Icon may also mean:
 Icon (magazine), a British magazine about building architecture and design
 Icon (album), a music album by John Wetton and Geoff Downes
 Icon (Paradise Lost album), a music album by British band Paradise Lost.
 Icon (novel), a book by Frederick Forsyth
 Icon (film), a film based on the book by Frederick Forsyth
 Icon (comics), a comic book and its title character published by Milestone Media
 ICON (journal), an annual journal of the International Society for the History of Technology (ICHOTEC)
 Icons (TV series), a television documentary on TV channel G4
 "Icon" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of Stargate SG-1
 Cultural icon, something which is emblematic of a given culture

In computing:

 Computer icon, a pictogram used in the interface to represent a program, file, user, or other things.
 Icon-based game, a game that uses many icons
 Icon programming language, a programming language
 Unisys ICON, a computer developed for the Ontario school system.
Other uses:
 Icon Productions, Mel Gibson's film production company.
 ICON convention, the name of several annual science fiction conventions
 iCon Steve Jobs, a biography of Apple Computer founder and CEO Steve Jobs
 Iconicity, a concept in linguistics
 DAAS Icon, a music album by the Doug Anthony All Stars
 Dungeons & Dragons iconic characters, Dungeons & Dragons characters representing different types in the game
An icon (from the Greek language: , eikon, "image") is an image, picture, or representation which has a religious meaning. It is a sign or a likeness that stands for a real object or person. Although the word icon can be used for images of other religions, it is most often used to describe a painting on a wooden panel that has been done in the Orthodox Christian tradition, and may also be used for carved ivory panels and panels of silver or gold. These icons show a holy being such as Jesus, Mary, a saint or an angel. They also show scenes from the Bible such as the Crucifixion and scenes from lives of the saints. In Orthodox Christianity an icon is thought of as a window through which a person can get a view of God's truth.

How a Christian Orthodox icon is painted
The traditional way of making an icon was used in Egypt in Early Christian times to make portraits of dead people to use for their funerals. Like icons, these funeral portraits were done on a wooden panel and the paint was mixed with yolk of egg. From the time that Christianity was made legal by Constantine the Great in the early 300s, artists began to use the same method for painting holy pictures. 

It was always hoped that a painting would last for a long time, so everything had to be very carefully prepared. A board had to be chosen that would not crack or warp (bend), and which did not have any knotty bits that might fall out. The board was sanded smooth and then coated with a gluey paint called "size" which would hold the coloured paint well, but stop the expensive colours from being soaked up by the wood. The artist would prepare the paints very carefully. Some of the colours were made from gound-up semi-precious stones. Others were made from chemicals.
Before the artist could start on the panel, he had to prepare the design. It was not important for the artist to think of something new and different. It was much more important that he could copy another icon very accurately. The same designs were used over and over. 

Although all icons were thought of as a window to Heaven, some icons were believed to have special properties. It was believed that praying and lighting candles before some icons would bring healing, or the help of the saint who was shown in the picture. These icons became very famous and were often copied.
After the artist had drawn the design onto the surface of the size in thin green or brown paint, he would put the paint on in  layers, building up the colours bit by bit. Most of the colours were quite transparent and this made the painting look glowing. When the figures were finished the artist would set the work in a wooden frame and "gild" it by covering the background with a little pieces of gold leaf that had been beaten into very thin sheets. When a candle was lit near the icon, it shone on the gold surface and made the figures stand out.

Icons in other religions 
Throughout history, some religions such as Christianity and Hinduism, have often used images such as paintings and statues, while others, such as Judaism and Islam, do not often use images of people.  

In Hinduism there is much use of sacred objects because there is a belief in murti, the idea that the Spirit of God can be present in an icon (or holy object).

Related pages 
 Tempera
 Oil painting
 Mosaic
 Sculpture
 Byzantine art
Other websites

Pictures 
Online exhibitions of over 1000 ancient icons 
Icons of Mount Athos 
Russian Icons from 12th to 18th century 
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America: Icons 
Gallery of icons, murals and mosaics (mostly Russian) from 11th to 20th century
Two 19th century Russian icons depicting Saint Nicholas
Sacred Icons painted by the famous artist David Ongaro

Orthodox 
The Iconic and Symbolic in Orthodox Iconography
Church of the Nativity - Explanation of Orthodox Christian Icons 
On the difference of Western Religious Art and Orthodox Iconography 
Romanian glass icons

Catholic 
Catholic Encyclopedia: "Veneration of Images"

Protestant 
Theology of Icons: a Protestant Perspective 

Christian art
Eastern Christianity means the Christian traditions and churches which developed in Greece, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, East Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. That are especially five families of churches: the Assyrian Church of the East, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Catholic Churches, and Eastern Protestant Christianity.

On the other hand, there are the Western traditions of Christianity which mainly represented by the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, and most non-Eastern Protestant denominations.

Other websites 
 Eastern Christian Churches 
 Eastern Catholics  Information concerning Christians of Eastern rites who are in communion with, and under the jurisdiction of, the Pope, the Bishop of Rome.
 A site advocating unity between Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Christians.
 Eastern Christian Bible Resources - contains Lamsa Bible and more
Love Hina is a Japanese manga. It was created by Ken Akamatsu. It tells the story Keitarô Urashima. Urashima is a Japanese student who tried to enter the famous university of Tokyo (Todai or Tokyô Daigaku). Love Hina exists also as an animated series.

Story
Keitarô Urashima is a 19-year-old boy who tries to study at the well known university of Todai. He tried three times and failed. He finally decides to go to the hotel of his aunt, the Hinata Hotel. When he got to the hotel, he found that it has been changed into a girls' hotel. The first time he met the people living in the hotel, they were not very happy to see him. Slowly, they began to accept him, even if he is clumsy and a pervert.
Characters
 Keitarô Urashima: Keitarô is a 19-year-old boy who tries to study at Todai. He failed three times. When he was younger, Keitarô and a young girl made a promise to enter Todai when they were older. Keitarô still remembers this but cannot remember who this young girl was or what her name was.
 Naru Narusegawa: Naru is a 17-year-old girl. She was accepted to Todai. She is the best of her class. She has a bad temper and hits Keitarô when she is angry.
 Mutsumi Otohime: Mutsumi is a nice 20-year-old girl. She is clumsy and forgets things.
 Shinobu Maehara: Shinobu is a 14-year-old girl. She is very shy. She loves to clean and cook.
 Motoko Aoyama: Motoko is a 15-year-old girl. She is violent. She sometimes hits Keitarô with her sword.

References

Manga
Anime
The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (often shortened to SNES or Super NES) is a 16-bit video game console created by Nintendo, released first in 1990. It is the successor to the NES. It was called the Super Famicom in Japan, and the Super Comboy in South Korea. The console can display 2D graphics, with some limited support for 3D graphics with the Super FX chip. Super NES games are loaded from a cartridge. The major competitor for the Super Nintendo was the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, but it also competed with the TurboGrafx-16, the Neo Geo AES, and the Panasonic 3D0.

Notable games 
 Super Mario World
 Super Castlevania IV
 Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars
 Super Metroid
 Donkey Kong Country
 EarthBound
 The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past
 Super Mario Kart
 Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island
 F-Zero
 Star Fox

Nintendo video game consoles
The  is a 32-bit video game console made by Sega.  It was released in Japan on November 22 1994, in the United States on May 11 1995, and in Europe on July 8 1995.  Games were released on CD-ROMs. It is followed by the Dreamcast. The Saturn was the first Sega video game console which can display 3D graphics.  Accessories were available for the Sega Saturn, including a gun controller which was used to play Virtua Cop, and an analog controller.

The console was called Saturn because it was Sega's sixth games console, and Saturn is the sixth planet of the solar system.

Throughout the consoles lifespan it sold 17.4 million hardware units from November 1994 to March 2001 with 8.8 million sold in Japan and 4.1 million sold in the United States respectively. The Sega Saturn is considered a commercial flop, but has a very strong retro who has not given up on the Saturn.
Japanese models 
The Sega Saturn was quite popular in Japan, because of the commercial with Segata Sanshiro, a man who devoted his life to the Sega Saturn. The Japanese Sega Saturn was black, and it was later changed to gray.
European/North American models
In North America, the Saturn was not nearly as popular as it was in Japan. When it was first released, there were only a few games available, because the console's strange technology made it difficult to program for. That caused the PlayStation to be more popular in Europe. Another problem was that Sega released the Saturn sooner than they intended to, but did not tell shops about the new release date, meaning that many of them did not sell the Saturn at all out of anger. Sega had also made other consoles to try and be the first to use new technology, such as the Sega CD (an early console with games that came on CDs) and the Sega 32X (with better graphics than Sega's previous consoles), leaving some gamers without enough money to buy all three systems or angry at Sega for abandoning the 32X when the Saturn was released.

Notes

Saturn
Iðunn is a goddess in Norse Mythology. She is the goddess of youth, wife of Bragi, god of poetry. She guards the golden apples. These apples are eaten by the Norse gods to let them live until Ragnarok (the battle of the end of the world).

Norse gods and goddesses
GoldenEye 007 is a first-person shooter video game on the Nintendo 64. Its story is based on the 1995 movie GoldenEye. The main character of the game is James Bond, Agent 007. It is a 3D first person shooter style game. Its multiplayer mode is also very popular. The game has received a very positive reception and is often said to be one of the best games ever made.

In November 2010, a remake of the game was released for the Nintendo Wii and Nintendo DS. However, it was not received as positively and it was criticized.
Levels 
There are 20 levels in the game, which are separated into 9 missions. Some missions only have one level while others have many. There are also 2 bonus missions.
 Mission 1 : Arkhangelsk – Bond is sent to help fellow agent Alec Trevelyan (Agent 006) in a secret laboratory.
 Mission 2 : Severnaya - Bond must sneak into a bunker and steal a key for the  satellite. 
 Mission 3 : Kyrgyzstan - Bond is sent to destroy a Silo and prevent rockets from taking off. 
 Mission 4 : Monte Carlo - Bond goes aboard a Frigate to rescue hostages and plant a tracker on an enemy helicopter.
 Mission 5 : Severnaya - Bond returns to the same place as Mission 2 and rescues the heroine, Natalya. 
 Mission 6 : St Petersburg - Bond learns that 006 is the leader of Janus, a crime group that is using the satellite for evil. Bond is later arrested, but breaks out and chases 006. 
 Mission 7 : Cuba - Bond follows 006 to Cuba and fights in a final showdown with his former friend.
Mission 8 : Teotihuacán - Bond goes to an ancient Aztec temple to blow up a secret rocket facility. It uses designs from the 1979 Bond movie Moonraker.
Mission 9 : el-Saghira - Bond visits a temple in Egypt to track down the evil Baron Samedi, a character from the 1973 Bond movie Live and Let Die.
The game is one of the world's most highly acclaimed first-person shooter games and has been rated highly on many lists. Screwattack.com for instance put it first on its list of top ten first-person shooter games, taking the title away from games like Halo and Half Life 2.

Nintendo 64 games
1997 video games
James Bond
Shooter video games
The following is a list of dinosaurs. Some of them, such as Archaeopteryx, are considered to be birds. Some doubtful Mesozoic birds are included in this list.

A
Aachenosaurus – a piece of petrified wood
 Aardonyx
 Abdallahsaurus – nomen nudum, probably Giraffatitan
 Abelisaurus
 Abrictosaurus
 Abrosaurus
 Abydosaurus
 Acantholipan
 Acanthopholis
 Achelousaurus
 Acheroraptor
 Achillesaurus
 Achillobator
 Acristavus
 Acrocanthosaurus
 Acrotholus
 Actiosaurus – a choristoderan
 Adamantisaurus
 Adasaurus
 Adelolophus
 Adeopapposaurus
 Adynomosaurus
 Aegyptosaurus
 Aeolosaurus
 Aepisaurus
 Aepyornithomimus
 Aerosteon
 Aetonyx – possible junior synonym of Massospondylus
 Afromimus
 Afrovenator
 Agathaumas - possible synonym of Triceratops
 Aggiosaurus – a metriorhynchid crocodilian
 Agilisaurus
 Agnosphitys - a silesaurid dinosauromorph
 Agrosaurus – probably a junior synonym of Thecodontosaurus
 Agujaceratops
 Agustinia
 Ahshislepelta
 Airakoraptor - nomen nudum
 Ajancingenia - synonym of Heyuannia
 Ajkaceratops
 Akainacephalus
 Alamosaurus
 Alaskacephale
 Albalophosaurus
 Albertaceratops
 Albertadromeus
 Albertavenator
 Albertonykus
 Albertosaurus
 Albinykus
Albinykus
 Albisaurus – a non-dinosaurian reptile
 Alcovasaurus
 Alectrosaurus
 Aletopelta
 Algoasaurus
 Alioramus
Aliwalia – junior synonym of Eucnemesaurus
 Allosaurus
 Almas
 Alnashetri
 Alocodon
 Altirhinus
 Altispinax
 Alvarezsaurus
 Alwalkeria
 Alxasaurus
 Amargasaurus
 Amargastegos - nomen nudum
 Amargatitanis
 Amazonsaurus
 ‘’Ambopteryx’’
 Ammosaurus - junior synonym of Anchisaurus
 Ampelosaurus
 Amphicoelias
 Amphicoelicaudia – nomen nudum; possibly Huabeisaurus
 Amphisaurus – preoccupied name, now known as Anchisaurus
 Amtocephale
 Amtosaurus – possibly Talarurus
 Amurosaurus
 Amygdalodon
 Anabisetia
 Anasazisaurus
 Anatosaurus – junior synonym of Edmontosaurus
 Anatotitan – junior synonym of Edmontosaurus
 Anchiceratops
 Anchiornis
 Anchisaurus
 Andesaurus
 Andhrasaurus - nomen nudum
 Angaturama – probable junior synonym of Irritator
 Angloposeidon – nomen nudum
 Angolatitan
 Angulomastacator
 Anhuilong
 Aniksosaurus
 Animantarx
 Ankistrodon – a proterosuchid archosauriform
 Ankylosaurus
 Anodontosaurus
 Anomalipes
 Anoplosaurus
 Anserimimus
 Antarctopelta
 Antarctosaurus