Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Monica Bellucci (born on 30 September 1964  is an Italian actress. She was born in Città di Castello, Umbria. Bellucci started modelling at 16.  She is the daughter of Maria Gustinelli, a painter, and Luigi Bellucci, who owned a trucking company.  She used to be a fashion model.   She speaks Italian, French, and English fluently and has acted in each of these languages, as well as Aramaic. She is currently considered as an Italian sex symbol. Bellucci is married to Vincent Cassel and has a daughter named Deva (born 12 September 2004). In 2004, while pregnant with her daughter, Bellucci posed nude for the Italian "Vanity Fair" Magazine in protest against Italian laws that allow only married couples to use in-vitro fertilization and that prevent the use of donor sperm.

Filmography
Filmography 

 Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)
 L'appartement (1996)
 Dobermann (1997), Nat the Gypsy
 Under Suspicion (2000)
 Malèna (2000)
 Le Pacte des Loups (2001)
 Astérix & Obélix: Mission Cléopâtre (2002)
 Irréversible (2002)
 Tears of the Sun (2003)
 Ricordati di me (2003)
 The Matrix Reloaded (2003)
 The Matrix Revolutions (2003)
 The Passion of the Christ (2004)
 She Hate Me (2004)
 The Brothers Grimm (2005)
 Shoot 'Em Up (2007)
 Heart Tango (2007)

 ''Spectre (2015) - Lucia Sciarra

Other websites 

1964 births
Living people
Actresses who played Bond girls
Italian models
Italian movie actors
Agnostics
People from Umbria
Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh is the home of the Scottish national rugby team. It was first built in 1925. In 1995, the stadium was renovated. It has seats for 67,144 people. It held the record for the most people at a rugby union match.  104,000 people watched Scotland play Wales in 1975.

Buildings and structures in Edinburgh
Sports buildings in the United Kingdom
Rugby
1925 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Scotland
This is a list of football clubs in Sweden.

By league 

 Allsvenskan
 Superettan
 Division 1
 Division 1 Norra
 Division 1 Södra
 Division 2
 Division 3

Alphabetically 

Å Ä Ö

A 

 AIK
 Akropolis IF
 Annelunds IF
 Anundsjö IF
 Arameiska-Syrianska KIF
 Asmundtorps IF
 Assyriska Föreningen
 Avesta AIK

B 

 Betsele IF
 Bodens BK
 Bollnäs GIF
 Bollstanäs SK
 Borens IK
 IK Brage
 IF Brommapojkarna
 Brynäs IF FK
 Bunkeflo IF
 Bureå IF

C 

 Carlstad United BK

D 

 Dalkurd FF
 Degerfors IF
 BK Derby
 Djurgårdens IF

E 

 Edsbyns IF
 Eskilstuna Södra FF
 IF Elfsborg
 Eneby BK
 Enköpings IS
 Enköpings SK
 Enskede IK
 Eskilstuna City FK
 IFK Eskilstuna
 Ersboda SK

F 

 Falkenbergs FF
 IFK Falköping
 Falu BS
 Finlandia/Pallo IF
 IFK Fjärås
 Floda BoIF
 Forssa BK
 BK Forward
 IK Frej
 Friska Viljor FC
 Frövi IK
 Furunäs/Bullmark IK
 IK Fyris
 Färjestadens GoIF
 Fässbergs IF

G
G 

 GAIS
 Gamla Upsala SK
 Gantofta IF
 Gefle IF
 Gerdskens BK
 Gestrike-Hammarby IF
 Gideonsbergs IF
 Gimonäs CK
 Graninge FF
 Grebbestads IF
 Grimsås IF
 Gröndals IK
 Gullringens GoIF
 Gunnilse IS
 IFK Göteborg

H 

 IF Hagapojkarna
 IS Halmia
 Halmstads BK
 Hammarby IF
 Hammarby TFF
 Haningealliansens FF
 Haparanda FF
 Hedens IF
 IF Heimer
 Helsingborgs IF
 Helsingborgs Södra BIS
 Hemmingsmarks IF
 Herrljunga SK
 Hertzöga BK
 Hjulsbro IK
 Holmalunds IF
 IFK Holmsund
 Hudiksvalls ABK
 Husqvarna FF
 BK Häcken
 IFK Hässleholm
 Högaborgs BK
 Höllvikens GIF
 Hörvikens IF

I 

 Ifö/Bromölla IF
 Infjärdens SK
 Inlands IF

J 

 Jonsereds IF
 FC Järfälla
 Jönköpings Södra IF
 Juventus Västeräs IF

K 

 Kalmar AIK
 Kalmar FF
 Karlskrona AIF
 Karlslunds IF
 Kinna IF
 Kirseberg IF
 Kiruna FF
 Kisa BK
 IK Kongahälla
 Korsnäs IF
 Kristianstads FF
 Krokom/Dvärslätts IF
 Kubikenborgs IF
 IFK Kumla
 Kungsör BK
 Köping FF

L
L 

 Laholms FK
 Landskrona BoIS
 IF Leikin
 Limhamns IF
 Lindome GIF
 Lindsdals IF
 Linköpings FF
 Ljungby IF
 Ljungskile SK
 Ludvika FK
 IFK Luleå
 Luleå SK
 Lundby IF
 Lundens AIS
 Lunds BK
 Lunds SK
 Lärje/Angereds IF

M 

 Malmö Anadolu BI
 Malmö FF
 IFK Malmö
 Marieholms IS
 Markaryds IF
 Matfors IF
 Melleruds IF
 Mjällby AIF
 Mjölby AI
 Morön BK
 Motala AIF
 Myresjö IF

N 

 GIF Nike
 Norrby IF
 IFK Norrköping
 BKV Norrtälje
 Notvikens IK
 Nybro IF
 Nykvarns SK
 Nyköpings BIS
 BK Näset/Höllviken
 Nässjö FF

O 

 Ockelbo IF
 IK Oddevold
 Ope IF
 Oskarshamns AIK

P 

 Piteå IF
 Pol/Svanstein FF
 Påarps GIF

Q 

 Qviding FIF

R 

 Rapa-Nui FK
 Reymersholms IK
 Robertsfors IK
 Rydaholms GoIF
 Rynninge IK
 Rödeby AIF

S
S 

 Sandareds IF
 Sandsbro AIK
 Sandvikens AIK
 Sandvikens IF
 Saxemara IF
 Segeltorps IF
 IK Sirius
 Skellefteå AIK
 Skene IF
 Skiljebo SK
 Skärhamns IK
 Skövde AIK
 IK Sleipner
 Slottskogen/Godhem IF
 Slätta SK
 Snöstorp Nyhem FF
 IFK Sollentuna
 Spånga IS
 Spårvägens FF
 Stockviks FF
 Storvreta IK
 Strands IF
 Strömtorps IK
 GIF Sundsvall
 IFK Sundsvall
 Sunnanå SK
 Svalövs BK
 Svenljunga IK
 IF Sylvia
 Syrianska FC
 Syrianska IF Kerburan
 Sävast AIF
 Söderhamns FF
 Sölvesborgs GoIF

T 

 Tenhults IF
 IFK Timrå
 Tibro AIK
 Tidaholms GoIF
 Tomelilla IF
 Topkapi IK
 IK Tord
 Torslanda IK
 Trelleborgs FF
 FC Trollhättan
 IFK Trollhättan
 Tyresö FF

U 

 Ulricehamns IFK
 Umedalens IF
 Umeå FC

V 

 Vallentuna BK
 Valsta Syrianska IK
 Varbergs BoIS
 Varbergs GIF
 Vasalund/Essinge IF
 KF Velebit
 Vetlanda FF
 Visby AIK
 Visby IF Gute
 VMA IK
 Värmbols FC
 Värmdö IF
 IFK Värnamo
 Värtans IK
 FC Väsby United
 IFK Västerås
 Västerås IK
 Västerås SK
 Västra Frölunda IF
 Växjö BK
 Växjö Norra IF

Y
Y 

 Ystads IF
 Ytterby IS

Å 

 Åhus Horna BK
 Åsebro IF
 Åtvidabergs FF

Ä 

 IF Älgarna
 Älvsjö AIK
 Ängelholms FF

Ö 

 Öckerö IF
 IFK Ölme
 Örebro SK
 Örebro SK Ungdom
 Örgryte IS
 Östers IF
 Östersunds FK
 IFK Österåker

 
Sweden
football clubs
AIK (which stands for Allmänna Idrottsklubben), is a sports club from Sweden. It is one of the biggest and one of the oldest in the country. It was founded in 1891. The name means Common (or Public) Sports Club. It has departments for many different sports including football, ice hockey, bandy, golf, table tennis, bowling, and handball.

Other websites

Official website

Sports clubs in Stockholm
1891 establishments in Sweden
Network Ten is one of three major television networks in Australia. It started broadcasting television in 1965, when they were called Independent Television Network.

Shows 
Shows that Network Ten buy from other countries and broadcast in Australia include:
The Simpsons
The O.C.
Jericho
The Biggest Loser
House
The Bold and the Beautiful
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Everybody Hates Chris
Futurama
Law & Order
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
JAG
NCIS
Medium
NUMB3RS
Smallville
Supernatural
Veronica Mars
World Poker Tour

Shows made in Australia for Network Ten include:
Australian Idol
Before The Game
Big Brother Australia
The Biggest Loser
Neighbours
Rove Live
David Tench Tonight
Jamie's Kitchen Australia
Joker Poker
Real Stories
The Ronnie Johns Half Hour
Thank God You're Here
The Wedge
9am with David and Kim
Tripping Over

Australian television networks
Seven Network is one of three major television networks in Australia. It started broadcasting in 1956. In recent years, it has grown into a diversified media company. Seven Network's main shareholder is Kerry Stokes.

Seven Network's studio headquarters are in a converted warehouse at Jones Bay Wharf in Pyrmont, Sydney.  Its headquarters for its news department are in Martin Place, Sydney. Seven's major production facilities are at Epping in Sydney's northern suburbs. Seven Network are planning to move their production facilities to a specially built site at the Australian Technology Park in Redfern.

Australian television networks
When accountants do accounting work, they write in the books of account (ledgers) that belong to a company. Every time money is spent or earned, it is written in the ledger. The information in the ledger is used to prepare the company accounts monthly, quarterly (every three months) and annually (every year). These annual accounts show what money the company has taken in over time and what it has spent money on. It also shows if the company made a profit in the year (if it made more money than it spent), who owes the company money, who the company owes money to, and any big expensive items the company has bought which they expect to use for many years. Lenders, managers, investors, tax authorities (the people who collect taxes for the government) and other decision-makers look at these annual accounts. Managers and investors look at the ledger and make decisions about how to spend money in the future. Lenders like banks look at the accounts before they lend money to the company
. Tax authorities look at them to check that the company is paying the correct amount of taxes.
Where the word comes from 
The word accountant originally comes from the Latin word computare – "to reckon, count, number", via French.

"Accomptant" was the original spelling and pronunciation of the word "accountant". However, over time, people began to drop the "p" in the word "accomptant". Over time, the word changed both in the way it was said and spelled to how it is today.

Accounting theory 
The basic accounting equation is assets=liabilities+equity.

History

Early history 
Accountancy is very old. It started when humans first started to farm and form towns and cities. People who thought about economics (keeping track of money and valuable things) thought of a way to write down the sizes and values of crops.

Token accounting in ancient Mesopotamia
The earliest accounting records were found among the ruins of ancient Babylon, Assyria and Sumeria, which are more than 7,000 years old. The people of that time relied on primitive accounting methods to record the growth of crops and herds. Because there is a natural season for farming and herding, it is easy to count and determine if a surplus had been gained after the crops had been harvested or the young animals weaned.

The invention of a form of bookkeeping using clay tokens represented a huge cognitive leap for mankind.

In the twelfth-century A.D., the Arab writer, Ibn Taymiyyah, wrote a book called Hisba. This book has details about accounting systems that were used by Muslims before the mid-seventh century A.D. Muslim accounting was influenced (changed) by Romans and Persians. In his book, Ibn Taymiyyah gives details of a complex governmental accounting system.

Accounting in the Roman Empire
The Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Latin: "The Deeds of the Divine Augustus") is a remarkable account to the Roman people of the Emperor Augustus' stewardship. It listed and quantified his public expenditure, which encompassed distributions to the people, grants of land or money to army veterans, subsidies to the aerarium (treasury), building of temples, religious offerings, and expenditures on theatrical shows and gladiatorial games. It was not an account of state revenue and expenditure, but was designed to demonstrate Augustus' munificence. The significance of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti from an accounting perspective lies in the fact that it illustrates that the executive authority had access to detailed financial information, covering a period of some forty years, which was still retrievable after the event. The scope of the accounting information at the emperor's disposal suggests that its purpose encompassed planning and decision-making.
The Roman historians Suetonius and Cassius Dio record that in 23 BC, Augustus prepared a rationarium (account) which listed public revenues, the amounts of cash in the aerarium (treasury), in the provincial fisci (tax officials), and in the hands of the publicani (public contractors); and that it included the names of the freedmen and slaves from whom a detailed account could be obtained. The closeness of this information to the executive authority of the emperor is attested by Tacitus' statement that it was written out by Augustus himself.
Records of cash, commodities, and transactions were kept scrupulously by military personnel of the Roman army. An account of small cash sums received over a few days at the fort of Vindolanda circa 110 CE shows that the fort could compute revenues in cash on a daily basis, perhaps from sales of surplus supplies or goods manufactured in the camp, items dispensed to slaves such as cervesa (beer) and clavi caligares (nails for boots), as well as commodities bought by individual soldiers. The basic needs of the fort were met by a mixture of direct production, purchase and requisition; in one letter, a request for money to buy 5,000 modii (measures) of braces (a cereal used in brewing) shows that the fort bought provisions for a considerable number of people.
The Heroninos Archive is the name given to a huge collection of papyrus documents, mostly letters, but also including a fair number of accounts, which come from Roman Egypt in 3rd century CE. The bulk of the documents relate to the running of a large, private estate is named after Heroninos because he was phrontistes (Koine Greek: manager) of the estate which had a complex and standardised system of accounting which was followed by all its local farm managers. Each administrator on each sub-division of the estate drew up his own little accounts, for the day-to-day running of the estate, payment of the workforce, production of crops, the sale of produce, the use of animals, and general expenditure on the staff. This information was then summarized as pieces of papyrus scroll into one big yearly account for each particular sub—division of the estate. Entries were arranged by sector, with cash expenses and gains extrapolated from all the different sectors
. Accounts of this kind gave the owner the opportunity to take better economic decisions because the information was purposefully selected and arranged.
Luca Pacioli and modern accountancy 

Luca Pacioli (1445–1517), also known as Friar Luca dal Borgo, is said to be the "Father" of accountancy. He wrote a textbook in Latin called Summa de arithmetica, geometrica, proportioni et proportionalita (Summa on arithmetic, geometry, proportions and proportionality, Venice 1494). This textbook was used in the abbaco schools in northern Italy. Sons of merchants and craftsmen were taught in these schools. This textbook was written about math. It has the first printed description of how merchants from Venice kept their accounts. Merchants from Venice used a system called the double-entry bookkeeping system.

Double-entry bookkeeping is where there is a debit and credit entry for every transaction.
Pacioli wrote down this system but he did not invent it, but he is still called the "Father of Accounting". The system he wrote had most of the accounting cycle as it is known today. He wrote about using journals and ledgers, and warned that a person should not go to sleep at night until the debits were the same as the credits. His ledger had accounts for assets (things that have value), liabilities (debts and loans that are to be paid to someone else), capital (money), income and expenses. He showed how to write year-end closing entries and suggested that a trial balance be used to prove that a ledger is balanced. His treatise (long essay) in the book also has info about other topics, such as accounting ethics and cost accounting.

Post-Pacioli 
The first book written in the English language on accounting was published in London, England by John Gouge in 1543.

In 1588 John Mellis from Southwark, England wrote a short book of instructions for keeping accounts.
There was another book written in 1635 that was described as The Merchants Mirrour, or directions for the perfect ordering and keeping of his accounts formed by way of Debitor and Creditor. This book was written by Richard Dafforne, who was an accountant. This book has many references to books about accountancy that were written much earlier. One chapter of this book is titled "Opinion of Book-keeping's Antiquity". In this chapter the author says that, according to another author, the bookkeeping he wrote about was used two-hundred years earlier in Venice.
Types of accounting 
 Financial accounting is "a major branch of accounting involving the collection, recording and extraction of financial information, and the summary of it in the form of a periodic profit and loss account, a balance sheet and a cash flow statement in accordance with legal, professional, and capital market requirements".
 Management accounting is a type of accounting involving partners helping each other in management decision making, creating management systems for planning and performance, and using financial reporting to help design a company's accounting strategy for the future.
 Open-book accounting is an accounting principle. This principle requires the parties in an economic relationship to show their accounting books to each other.
 Tax accounting is a type of accounting that makes sure tax laws are followed.
 Accounting scholarship studies the theory of accountancy.
A financial audit is where an internal audit and an external audit are done. For an external audit, an independent (unrelated) auditor takes a look at financial statements and accounting records. By looking at these records, the auditor can find out if these records are true, fair and follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Internal audit tries to get info for management usage, and is done by employees.

Research 
Accounting research is research in the effects of economic events on the process of accounting, the effects of reported information on economic events, and the roles of accounting in organizations and society. It encompasses a broad range of research areas including financial accounting, management accounting, auditing and taxation.

Notes and references
Other websites 
 Financial Accounting Standards Board Website (FASB)
 Government Accounting Standards Board Website (GASB)
 National Association of State Boards of Accountancy - CPA Exam (NASBA) 
 SEC Accounting Bulletins
 SEC Division of Corporate Finance
 CPA Australia
 Institute of Chartered Accountants - Australia 
 IFRS or formerly IAS information
 Association Of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA)
 Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (formerly Hong Kong Society of Accountants)
 Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) 
 Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) 
 Malaysian Institute of Accountants(MIA)
 Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) 
 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Proposal for First-Time Application of International Financial Reporting Standards by Foreign private issuers registered with the SEC
 Accounting Standards
Further reading

 Original texts of IAS/IFRS, SIC and IFRIC adopted by the Commission of the European Communities and published in Official Journal of the European Union http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/accounting/ias_en.htm#adopted-commission 
 International Accounting Standards Board (2007): International Financial Reporting Standards 2007 (including International Accounting Standards (IAS(tm)) and Interpretations as at 1 January 2007), LexisNexis, 

Accounting
Desmond Michael Lynam (born 17 September 1942) was an Irish television and radio presenter. He was born in Ennis, County Clare, Republic of Ireland. He was best known for presenting the BBC's sport coverage such as Grandstand.

Lynam also presented Countdown on Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006. He was replaced by Des O'Connor.

Other websites 
 

Game show hosts
Irish television personalities
People from County Clare
Irish radio personalities
Irish television presenters
1942 births
Living people
A carbonate is a chemical compound that has the carbonate ion, .  This ion is made of carbon and oxygen. The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group C(=O)(O–)2 of carbon and oxygen.  They have a valency of 1.

When added to an acid, a carbonate will produce carbon dioxide, water and a chemical salt. Sedimentary rocks containing calcite and other carbonates are plentiful in the earth.

Related pages
Bicarbonate
Calcium carbonate
Polycarbonate
Sodium carbonate

 
Ions
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 – 30 August 1723; last name pronounced 'Layvenhook') was a Dutch tradesman and scientist from Delft, Netherlands. He is best known for his work to improve the microscope.

Using his handcrafted microscopes, he was the first to see and describe single celled organisms, which he originally referred to as animalcules, and which we now refer to as microorganisms. He was also the first to record microscopic observations of muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in small blood vessels. Van Leeuwenhoek did not write books, but sent letters to the Royal Society in London. The letters were published in the Royal Society's journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
In his youth van Leeuwenhoek was apprenticed to a draper. Later, a civil service position allowed him to give time to his hobby: grinding lenses and using them to study tiny objects. His simple microscopes were skillfully ground, powerful single lenses capable of high image quality. He looked at protozoa in rainwater, pond water and well water. He also looked at bacteria in the human mouth and intestine. In 1677, he first described the spermatozoa of insects, dogs, and humans.

His observations laid the foundations for the sciences of bacteriology and protozoology. He was the first to see bacteria, protists, spermatozoa, the cell vacuole, blood corpuscles, capillaries, and the structure of muscles and nerves.

Dobell, Clifford (1960) [1932]. Antony van Leeuwenhoek and his "little animals": being some account of the father of protozoology and bacteriology and his multifarious discoveries in these disciplines. New York: Dover Publications reprint of original edition by Harcourt, Brace and Company.
Related pages
List of biologists

Other websites
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia

1632 births
1723 deaths
Dutch biologists
Microbiologists
People from Delft
Barbie  is an American fashion doll best known as a toy doll. Starting as just a doll, Barbie became a brand. It is most common in the United States. It is named after a girl named Barbara, who was the toy maker's daughter. Though the brand is most famous for the doll, other merchandise has been created with the Barbie name such as games, movies, videos, clothing, accessories, and books. The clothes and fashion accessories allow  girls a taste of high fashion. 

Throughout the decades, Barbie has reflected and encouraged feminine growth in the workplace in the United States. She has been a miniature model of women worldwide. The doll has been criticized for causing self-image complexes, yet other companies continue to produce similar dolls. "The Barbie doll is the biggest selling toy in the history of proprietary toy manufacturing." On average, 173,000 dolls are sold by Mattel each day.
Origin 
Ruth Handler was the creator of Barbie. Her parents were Polish Jewish immigrants. She was the tenth child. Her husband, Elliot Handler was the founder of Mattel in 1945, which is the largest toy company in the world. She originally wanted to name the doll "Barbara", after her daughter, or "Babs" after her daughter's nickname. However, both those names were copyrighted.
Late 1950s 
Barbie was first released on March 9, 1959 at a toy fair in New York after seven years of battling disagreements. At the time, Mattel was the third largest toy company in the United States. Ruth's display of Barbie was housed at the New Yorker Hotel in a hotel room, since so many businesses brought their toys to put on display. She had to halt the projected production that she assumed she would acquire in business orders at the fair. It was a disappointing day for Ruth and Barbie. In March 1959, Barbie debuted as a teen fashion model on television with more positive response leading the way for the dolls popularity rise.
A blonde Barbie from this decade in mint condition has an appraisal price listing of five thousand-$5,250. The brunette Barbie that was made at the same time is worth $1,000 more than the blonde.
In the 1960s Barbie's friends joined the line up of fashion dolls. Ken was her boyfriend and came to be in 1962. The Ken doll got his name from Ruth's son. Midge was her friend who was a redhead meeting the toy marketplace in 1963, a year after Ken. Allen was Ken's friend. Skipper was her little sister that was produced in 1964. Tutti and Todd were her twin siblings were introduced in 1966. Francie was her adult cousin. In 1967, Francie was changed into the first black Barbie doll causing consumers to believe it reflected the support of interracial marriages. Since this was during Civil Rights' time, she was not very successful. Twelve months later Mattel introduced Christie, the second black Barbie, who was much more accepted. Cara and Julia were also produced as Barbie's black friends. The roles of Barbie evolved as equality for women's rights progressed. The doll started in the 1960s portraying stereotypical female positions like teacher, stewardess, nurse, etc
. A series of novels were also written introducing Barbie and her birthplace in the 60's. Bendable legs and swivel hips were introduced on Barbie in 1965. Jack Ryan created them.
The 1970's 
Children could purchase the new bendable Barbie's at a discounted rate if they wanted to trade in the old style in the 1970s. Christie's black boyfriend, Brad was introduced in 1970.
Barbie's facial features were changed in 1971 from eyes cutting from the side and smile without teeth to eyes forward and a wide smile exposing teeth. This change occurred to keep current with the times representing a "forward-thinking peace-and-love generation."

The first doctor Barbie appeared in 1973. Cara's boyfriend Brad reached the toy market in 1975. The flip hairstyle was a popular way for Barbie's hair to be styled in the 70's. The Sears' exclusive Dramatic New Living Skipper Very Best Velvet Barbie made in 1970-71 has the highest list price for the decade in "Schroeder's Collectible Toys" at $1,500.00.
The 1980's 
Hispanic and black Barbies were no longer featured as friends of Barbie's in the 1980s. They had reached the Barbie title in their own right. Magic Curl Barbie made its debut in 1982 feauting both black and white races. The first Asian doll produced representing Hong Kong in 1981 came from a mold with a rounder face and almond shaped eyes. A Japanese Barbie hit the market in 1985 as one of the first other nationalities offered with the collection of International Dolls of the World Barbies following its release. Barbie was made into a pilot in 1989. The doll could be viewed as opening the door for female acceptance in otherwise male dominant careers paving the way with astronaut Barbie debuting eighteen years prior to Sally Ride's first female in space endeavor. The 1980s also began the Holiday Barbie collection. The first one was produced in 1988 and its listed value is $325, which is $700 less than what it was worth in the 1990s.
The 1990's  
Shani, Asha, and Nichelle were produced to offer greater skin tone and facial feature selection to represent blacks more accurately in 1991.A hit single produced by the band Aqua entitled "Barbie Girl" climbed charts worldwide in 1997.  Also in 1997, Puerto Rican Barbie debuted. Barbie's body measurements changed in 1998 due to consumer demand. Her breasts and hips were reduced and waist was widened. Race car driving NASCAR Barbie hit toy store shelves in 1998 and 1999 foreshadowing the first female race car driver Danica Patrick. Barbie was flashy and wore bright colors in the 90's. 1994's Barbie Snow Princess worth $1100 is the highest listed of the decade in "Schroeder's Collectible Toys".
The New Millennium 
Ruth had died, and could not dip Barbie's hand and footprints in her concrete slab on Hollywood Boulevard in 2002.  Instead, Barbara, her daughter for whom the doll was named, did the honors inducting the doll to superstar status.  In 2006 a movie, "The Tribe" used Barbie to connect with being Jewish in America. In 2008, Barbie was transformed into a representation of African culture for the hundredth anniversary of the first African American sorority Alpha Kappa Alpha. 2009 brought about changes to the black Barbie adding fuller lips and altered facial features at the request of consumer complaints. Tricelle was given more textured and curlier hair. Chataine Barbie made in 2003 is worth $425 according to "Schroeder's".
Self Image 
Some people believe Barbie gives girls a wrong idea of what they will look like when they grow up. They think the introduction of the doll was wrong because it made young girls believe they had to become skinny to be just like Barbie. As in earlier dolls, her head is disproportionately large. Unlike those, her breasts are large and her waist disproportionately small. Unlike many dolls, she has feet, but they are disproportionately small. If her doll size proportions were converted into life size body measurements (breast size, waist size, hip size) only 1 in 100,000 women would match them, at least without plastic surgery. Someone shaped like Barbie would suffer back problems due to her breast size. She would be unable to support her weight on her tiny feet and could not walk.
Barbie rivals 
Ruth Handler, Barbie's creator, has been blamed for taking the Barbie doll design from a doll made in Germany in 1955, the Lilli doll that was sold mainly at tobacco shops, for men.  Lilli was originally a cartoon character in a tabloid newspaper in Germany created by Reinhard Beuthein in 1952. O.M. Hausser/Elastolin Company had Max Weissbrodt, a doll maker of theirs get a patent for Lilli's limb design. Ruth is rumored to have purchased a few of the dolls while in Switzerland with her family.
Barbie spin-offs 
Barbie is a very big trend. She has had many sisters, boyfriends, and friends. She has "dream houses" and clothes. She has many jobs from teacher to doctor to astronaut. There have been many other dolls like Barbie since Barbie was first produced. Barbie also created MyScene dolls, a spoof of Bratz. The fact is the creator of Barbie, Ruth Handler, fought sexism and overcame her domesticated gender role to accomplish her goals in the business arena as a female by producing the world famous Barbie doll.

References

Scheffler, Joann, "The Barbie Doll's March 1959 debut", Cincinnati Pop Culture Examiner, http://www.examiner.com/x-27339-Cincinnati-Pop-Culture-Examiner~y2010m3d7-The-Barbie-Dolls-March-1959-debut-see-the-first-Barbie-tv-ad-here, retrieved 2010-03-14

Barbie
Parmesan cheese is the name of an Italian extra-hard cheese made of raw cow's milk. The original Parmesan cheese is more precisely called Parmigiano-Reggiano. It is produced only in Italy, in the provinces of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Mantua (partly) and Bologna (partly). It is usually the cheese to go with Spaghetti and other typical Italian pasta, but it also has many other uses. Parmesan is a part of Italian national cuisine and it can be eaten both grated and in slivers. It is hard, sharp and dry.

Parmigiano-Reggiano is DOP / AOC. This means that the way they are made and the region in Italy they come from are strictly controlled.

The brand (Parmigiano Reggiano) is protected, and only in Europe. In many parts of the world, cheese is sold as Parmesan cheese that has nothing to do with the true (Italian) Parmigiano Reggiano.

The original Parmesan cheese is one of the most expensive cheeses in the world.
Name 
Within the European Union, the term Parmesan may only be used, by law, to refer to Parmigiano-Reggiano itself, which must be made in a restricted geographic area, using stringently defined methods. In many areas outside Europe, the name "Parmesan" has become genericized: Any one of a number of hard Italian-style grating cheeses are called 'Patmesan'. After the European ruling that "parmesan" could not be used as a generic name, Kraft renamed its grated cheese "Pamesello" in Europe.

One kind of cheese, which is very similar, but produced in another region in Italy, is Grana Padano. Grana Padano is produced in Lombardy,

References

Other websites 

Italian cheeses
Franz Liszt (born Raiding, October 22, 1811; died Bayreuth, July 31, 1886) was a Hungarian composer and pianist. Liszt (pronounced like “list”) was one of the most influential musicians of the 19 th century. He was the greatest pianist of his time and went on lots of tours through Europe where everyone filled the concert halls to hear him. He wrote a lot of music for piano. Many of his piano pieces were harder to play than anything that had been written before. In this way he developed the technique of piano playing, setting new standards for the future. In his compositions he often used new ideas which sounded very modern in his time. He was very helpful to other composers who lived at that time, helping them to become better known by conducting their works and playing some of their orchestral pieces on the piano.
Early years 
Liszt’s father was an official who worked for Prince Nikolaus Esterházy, the same noble family who employed the composer Joseph Haydn. When he was seven his father started to teach him the piano. He was a child prodigy, and within a year or two he was already playing in concerts. He was so promising that some rich Hungarians said they would pay for his music education.

In 1821 his family moved to Vienna. He had piano lessons from Czerny and composition lessons from Salieri. He soon became famous although he was still a young boy, and he met famous musicians like Beethoven and Schubert. Beethoven is supposed to have kissed him on the forehead.
Liszt continued to travel to other countries. After his father died he became a piano teacher in Paris. He fell in love with one of his pupils. It was the first of many love affairs he had with various women. He read a lot of books to try to educate himself properly. He met Berlioz and he liked the music of Berlioz very much. In 1831 he met the violinist Niccolò Paganini and was amazed by his virtuoso playing. Liszt was to do for the piano what Paganini had done for the violin. Both men were drawn by cartoonists as devilish characters. Both men wrote music which was incredibly hard for their instruments.
Soon Liszt met a Countess called Marie d’Agoult. He began to have an affair with her. The Countess left her husband and went to live with Liszt in Geneva. They lived together for several years and had three children. When Liszt gave away a lot of his money to help pay for a monument to Beethoven in Bonn he had to earn money by going on tours again, so the countess left him. He still saw her and the children every summer for a few years but finally they separated completely.

Later years 

Liszt spent eight years in Rome. He wrote religious music and took holy orders in the Catholic Church. His daughter Cosima, who had married a famous conductor Hans von Bülow, left her husband and lived with Richard Wagner. They had two children together. Liszt and Wagner quarreled for many years about this.

Liszt spent most of his last years travelling to and fro between three cities: Rome, Weimar and Budapest. He called this his “vie trifurquée” (three-forked life). He died in Bayreuth July 31, 1886.

His personality
His personality 

Liszt had a very strong personality which affected everyone he met. When he played the piano at concerts he was a great showman. People drew caricatures of him playing the piano with his wild mop of hair. He could be very polite and knew how to get on with the aristocracy. He could be very generous, giving both money and time to other musicians and giving praise where it was deserved. He was a powerful, unique character and one of the most important romantic composers of his day. He is known for his dazzling virtuostic piano displays best.

Compositions
Compositions 

Most of Liszt’s compositions were for piano. He wrote one piano sonata. It is in B minor. Its form is very different from the sonatas of composers like Beethoven. It is a very Romantic work, but it does not tell a story like a lot of Romantic pieces do. Most of his piano works are shorter pieces that are quite free in form. He often took a theme and transformed it (changed it gradually). He wrote studies which are much more than just pieces to improve one’s piano technique. One collection is called Transcendental Studies. In Switzerland he wrote Années de pèlerinage (Years of Wandering), a collection of pieces to which he gave titles later. Liszt explored all the possible sounds that the piano could make (it was still a fairly new instrument). Sometimes he made it sound like an orchestra. Some of his last piano works are much simpler to play, although the chords would have sounded very modern for his time. They are like the Impressionistic music of Debussy.
Not all Liszt’s piano pieces were original compositions: he also made arrangements or transcriptions. It seems a strange idea to us now to take someone else’s symphony and arrange it for piano. This is what Liszt often did. He took symphonies by Beethoven or songs by Schubert and changed them so that they could be played on the piano. Many people did not have the opportunity to hear concerts very often, and they certainly did not have radios or CDs, so Liszt was making these works more famous, helping them to reach a wider audience. He often made difficult transcriptions which meant that he changed the pieces and added ornamental notes, making a new piece out of an old one.

Liszt’s orchestral music is also very important. He wrote symphonic poems: pieces which tell a story or describe something. The best known one is called Les préludes. He also wrote two piano concertos.
He wrote a lot of church music. Church music was often quite sentimental in those days, but Liszt tried to make his works help people to feel religious devotion. For composing and performing Liszt was using a variety of pianos (fortepiano). In his Portugal tour as well as in Kiev and Odessa tours, he used a Boisselot piano. This model has been recreated in the XXI century. The composer also owned an Erard piano, a Bechstein piano and Beethoven's Broadwood grand piano.

Conclusion 

In many ways Liszt was typical of the Romantic artist. He was always looking for a spiritual meaning to life. He carried a walking stick with the heads of St Francis of Assisi and Gretchen and Mephistopheles, characters from Goethe’s Faust. He was a 19th-century musician but through his thinking and his music he looked forward to the 20th century.

References 

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie (1980) 
 Demko Miroslav: Franz Liszt compositeur Slovaque, L´Age d´Homme, Suisse, 2003.

Other websites
Other websites 

 The Franz Liszt Site with timeline
 Piano Society - Liszt  - A short biography and various free recordings in MP3 format.
 The Love Affairs of Great Musicians, Volume 2 by Rupert Hughes, full-text from Project Gutenberg
 Franz Liszt Project  - A comprehensive Liszt site with searchable databases.
 Letters of Franz Liszt 
 Concert programme for September 16, 1840 at The Centre for Performance History 
 Old cylinder recordings of orchestral arrangements of Liszt Hungarian Rhapsodies, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.
 International Franz Liszt Piano Competition - official page
 Catalogue of the Complete Liszt Recording by Leslie Howard
 WorldCat Identities page for 'Liszt, Franz 1811-1886' 
 Lizst in Limerick , The Old Limerick Journal, Richard Ahern

1811 births
1886 deaths
Hungarian composers
Hungarian pianists
Romantic composers
Deaths from pneumonia
Wikis hosted on Fandom are about something which many people will like. All content on Fandom is released under a free license, such as the GNU Free Documentation License or the Creative Commons.  Anybody can change pages on wikis at Fandom, so that no single person "owns" or is "the boss" of a wiki, and so that large communities can be made. The software used is MediaWiki.

Fandom uses advertisements to generate money.

Articles on Fandom are often written in more "in-universe" style; meaning that fictional characters and plots are written as if they are real. Some projects on Fandom are more for people who are very interested in the topic.

In August 2010, they said that a new look was coming, making some people take their wikis off the service.

Fandom uses the MediaWiki software.

References

Other websites 
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 Main Page of Fandom in English
 Main Pages of Fandom in many languages

Websites
Mozzarella is a kind of  fresh cheese. Originally, it was Italian but now it can be found all over the world. Its made of the milk of cows or water buffalos. A cheese produced in a similar way, but with sheep's milk is common in Sardinia, Abruzzo and Lazio. It is sometimes called mozzapecora. Mozzarella made with goats milk can also be found. Its development is more recent, though. The main reason it is produced is that goats' milk is easier to digest than that of cows or buffalos.

Mozzarella is common in Italian cuisine. It can be used on pizza.

Mozzarella can be kept in the fridge for a few days, if its covered in brine. 

Mozzarella can come in different moistures.

References 

Italian cheeses
Limburger cheese is a cheese made from cows' milk. Its name comes from the Duchy of Limburg, which is divided between Holland, Belgium and Germany today. Limburger cheese is known for its strong smell, which is caused by the bacterium that lives in its rind. Since about the mid nineteenth century, most Limburger is produced in Germany. 

In 2006 a study showing that the malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) is attracted equally to the smell of Limburger and to the smell of human feet earned the Ig Nobel Prize in the area of biology. This Cheese has now been placed in strategic locations in Africa to fight against malaria, which is spread by  mosquitoes.

References

Belgian food
Dutch cheeses
Liège (province)
Limburg (Belgium)
Limburg (Netherlands)
MyScene is a type of doll created by the Mattel Toy Company. They share the product name of Barbie, but they have differences with the head shapes. The line was supposedly started as a rival to the popular Bratz dolls.

Movies 
The My Scene characters have starred in three DVD movies:
 "Jammin' In Jamaica"
 "Masquerade Madness"
 "My Scene Goes Hollywood" featuring Lindsay Lohan.

Main characters

Girls 
Barbie(Barbie was replaced by Kennedy because they said that she had moved to California)
Madison
Chelsea
Nolee
Delancey
Kenzie
Jai
Kennedy
Nia
Jai, Nia and Kennedy were added when they changed the my scenes dolls to look like Bratz and they took out Nolee and Barbie

Boys 
Bryant
River
Hudson
Sutton
Ellis
Tyson

Dolls
Bora Bora is a small island in the Leeward group of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. Vaitape is the largest city on the island with 4,000 people. There is an airport on an islet where residents can fly to other islands in French Polynesia.
Bora Bora has one main road which runs around the island.

Other websites 

 Bora Bora Pictures Bora Bora Photos
 Bora Bora entry on WorldAtlas.com
 Bora Bora Islands Pictures  Pictures of the Islands

Islands of French Polynesia
The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a large group of North American mountains. They are partly in Canada, but mostly in the United States. It stretches  southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States  to the Island of Newfoundland in Canada to central Alabama in the United States.

The individual mountains average around 3,000 ft (900 m) in height. The highest is Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina (6,684 ft or 2,037m). Mt. Mitchell is also the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River as well as the highest point in eastern North America.

The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east–west travel. Ridgelines and valleys run north–south and travelers must climb them again and again. Only a few mountain passes run east–west. The Erie Canal was built through one of them. In most places the Appalachians are the watershed between the drainage basins of the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean.
The term Appalachia is used to refer to the mountain range and the hills and plateau region around it. The term is often used to refer to areas in the central and southern, but not northern, Appalachian Mountains. These areas usually include all of West Virginia and parts of the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina, and sometimes extending as far south as northern Georgia and western South Carolina, as far north as Pennsylvania, and as far west as southeastern Ohio. In 1965 the United States Congress  created an Appalachian Regional Commission to include these areas and more, as far west as Mississippi.

The Appalachian Trail in the US is about 3,500 km (2,190 miles) long and goes through 14 states from Georgia to Maine.

Geologic History of the range
The geologic processes that led to the formation of the Appalachian Mountains started 1.1 billion years ago. The first mountain range in the region was created when the continents of Laurentia and Amazonia collided, creating a supercontinent called Rodinia. The collision of these continents caused the rocks to be folded and faulted, creating the first mountains in the region. 

Over time, these mountains were eroded by wind and water. The rocks that were eroded were deposited in the ocean, where they were eventually buried and turned into sedimentary rocks. These sedimentary rocks were then uplifted and folded again, creating new mountains.

This process of erosion and mountain building has repeated itself many times over the past 1.1 billion years. As a result, the Appalachian Mountains are not a single, continuous mountain range. Instead, it is a patchwork of different mountain ranges that have been created at different times.
The youngest rocks in the Appalachian Mountains are only about 250 million years old. These rocks were formed during the Alleghanian orogeny, which was the last major period of mountain building in the region.

The Appalachian Mountains are still being eroded today. Over time, the mountains will continue to wear down, and the rocks that make up the mountains will eventually be recycled back into the Earth's crust.

So, the geologic processes that led to the formation of the Appalachian Mountains started 1.1 billion years ago, but the mountains themselves are much younger. The rocks that make up the mountains are the result of millions of years of erosion, deposition, and mountain building.

References

Other websites
Raven-Symoné Christina Pearman (born December 10, 1985) is an American actress, comedian, and singer. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She moved to Ossining, New York at age three. She played the role of "Olivia" in the last three seasons of The Cosby Show (1984). 

Pearman is most well known as the person Raven in the TV show That's So Raven and other parts in The Cheetah Girls and The Cheetah Girls 2. Pearman goes by the name Raven for most of her acting.

In August 2013 Raven-Symoné commented on legalizing gay marriage, "I was excited to hear today that more states legalized gay marriage. I, however am not currently getting married, but it is great to know I can now, should I wish to". She was dating AzMarie Livingston since 2012, and in October 2015, she announced that she had broken up with her.

Filmography

References

Other websites
Other websites 
 

1985 births
Living people
Actors from Atlanta
African American actors
African American comedians
African-American singers
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Disney actors
Disney singers
Lesbians
LGBT actors
LGBT comedians
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from Georgia (U.S. state)
LGBT people from New York (state)
LGBT singers
Comedians from Atlanta
Singers from Atlanta
The Arabian horse is a breed famous for beauty and stamina. It is one of the oldest horse breeds in the world. Arabian horses are bred with horses of other breeds to add speed, beauty, endurance, and strong bones. Today, Arabian ancestors are found in almost every breed of riding horse.

The Arabian horse developed in the deserts of Arabia by the Bedouin people. People sometimes brought their horses into family tent for shelter and protection. This close relationship with humans made the Arabian a horse with a kind temper and quick to learn. It also was used as a war horse. This meant that it needed speed and to be very alert. This blend of traits makes it necessary for people today to treat Arabian horses with kindness and respect.