Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1901  2000 
 1918 – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (b. 1845)
 1919 – Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (b. 1858)
 1934 – Herbert Chapman, English football manager (b. 1878)
 1939 – Gustavs Zemgals, 2nd President of Latvia (b. 1871)
 1942 – Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian head of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1876)
 1944 – Ida Tarbell, American journalist (b. 1857)
 1944 – Jacques Rosenbaum, Estonian-German architect (b. 1878)
 1945 – Edith Frank, mother of Anne Frank (b. 1900)
 1949 – Ivar Lykke, Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1872)
 1972 – Chen Yi, Chinese military commander (b. 1901)
 1980 – Georgeanna Tillman, American singer (b. 1944)
 1981 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (b. 1896)
 1990 – Pavel Cherenkov, Soviet-Russian physicist (b. 1904)
 1990 – Ian Charleson, Scottish actor (b. 1949)
 1993 – Dizzy Gillespie, American musician (b. 1917)
 1993 – Rudolf Nureyev, Russian dancer (b. 1938)
 1994 – Virginia Dell Cassidy, mother of Bill Clinton (b. 1923)
1995 - Karl Guttmann, Dutch theatre director (n. 1913)
 1995 – Joe Slovo, ANC activist and South African minister of Housing (b. 1926)
 1997 – Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (b. 1912)
 1999 – Michel Petrucciani, French jazz pianist (b. 1962)
 2000 – Don Martin, American cartoonist (b. 1931)
2001  2015 
 2002 – Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1905)
 2004 – Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1954)
 2005 – Makgatho Mandela, South African lawyer, businessman and son of Nelson Mandela (b. 1950)
 2005 – Louis Robichaud, 25th Premier of New Brunswick (b. 1925)
 2006 – Lou Rawls, American singer-songwriter, producer and actor (b. 1933)
 2009 – Ron Asheton, American musician (The Stooges) (b. 1948)
 2011 – Gary Mason, British boxer (b. 1962)
 2012 – Roger Boisjoly, American aeronautical engineer (b. 1938)
 2012 – Bob Holness, South African-born British quiz show host (b. 1928)
 2013 – Neil Adcock, South African cricketer (b. 1931)
 2014 – Larry D. Mann, Canadian-American actor (b. 1922)
 2014 – Lena Smedsaas, Swedish journalist (b. 1951)
 2014 – Don Ward, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1935)
 2015 – Vlastimil Bubnik, Czech ice hockey player and footballer (b. 1931)
 2015 – Johannes de Villiers Graaff, South African economist (b. 1928)
2015 – Basil John Mason, British meteorologist (b. 1923)
 2015 – Joseph Djida, Cameroonian bishop (b. 1945)
 2015 – Ron Hovey, Australian football player (b. 1932)
 2015 – George H. McKee, American air force lieutenant general (b. 1923)
 2015 – Tim Roberts, American professional wrestler (b. 1976)
From 2016 
 2016 – Christy O'Connor Jnr, Irish golfer (b. 1948)
 2016 – Silvana Pampanini, Italian actress (b. 1925)
 2016 – Nivaria Tejera, Cuban poet and novelist (b. 1929)
 2016 – Florence King, American writer (b. 1936)
 2016 – Pat Harrington, Jr., American actor (b. 1929)
 2016 – Alfredo "Chocolate" Armenteros, Cuban trumpeter (b. 1928)
 2016 – Ioannis Petridis, Greek politician (b. 1931)
 2016 – Yves Vincent, French actor (b. 1921)
 2017 – Om Puri, Indian actor (b. 1950)
 2017 – Octavio Lepage, Venezuelan politician (b. 1923)
 2017 – Ricardo Piglia, Argentine writer (b. 1941)
 2017 – Bayezid Osman, Turkish royalty (b. 1924)
 2017 – Gavin Whittaker, Australian rugby league player (b. 1970)
 2017 – Francine York, American actress (b. 1936)
 2017 – Greg Jelks, American-Australian baseball player (b. 1961)
 2017 – Yaron Ben-Dov, Israeli footballer (b. 1970)
 2017 – Les Lazarowitz, American sound mixer (b. 1941)
 2017 – Tilikum, American-held orca (b. 1981)
2018 – Horace Ashenfelter, American athlete (b. 1923)
 2018 – Rita Crocker Clements, American political organizer, First Lady of Texas (b. 1931)
 2018 – Thomas Bopp, American astronomer (b. 1949)
 2018 – Marjorie Holt, American politician (b. 1920)
 2018 – Peter Preston, British journalist, former editor of The Guardian (b. 1938)
 2018 – Greta Thyssen, Danish-American actress (b. 1927)
 2018 – Chris Tsangarides, British music producer (b. 1956)
 2019 – Annalise Braakensiek, Australian model and actress (b. 1972)
 2020 – Mike Fitzpatrick, American politician (b. 1963)
 2021 – Maurice Wolin, American former oncologist and convicted sex offender (b. 1958)
 2022 – Peter Bogdanovich, American movie director, actor, and writer (b. 1939)
 2022 – F. Sionil José, Filipino writer (b. 1924)
 2022 – Sidney Poitier, Bahamian-American actor, movie director and activist (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances 
 Epiphany, feast day of the Three Kings (except Eastern and Oriental Orthodox who follow the Julian Calendar) – Twelfth Day of Christmas
 Public holiday in Spain, Italy and Puerto Rico to mark Epiphany
 Ireland – Little Christmas
 Rastafari – Celebration of the ceremonial birthday of Haile Selassie
 Armenian Christmas (except in the Holy Land where it is on 18 January – old calendar)
 End of Four Hills Ski jumping tournament (Germany, Austria)

January 06
For Orthodox Christians, this is when Christmas is celebrated.

Events
Up to 1900 
 1325 – Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal.
 1350 - Guttorm Palsson, Bishop of Stavanger in Norway, dies, as the last known death from Europe's 1347-1350 plague epidemic.
 1558 – France takes Calais, the last continental possession of England.
 1566 – Pius V becomes Pope.
 1598 – Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia.
 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex leads revolt in London against Queen Elizabeth I of England.
 1608 - Fire destroys Jamestown, Virginia.
 1610 – Galileo Galilei observes the four largest moons of Jupiter for the first time. He named them and in turn the four are called the Galilean moons.
 1782 – The first American commercial bank opens (Bank of North America).
 1785 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air.
 1789 - George Washington is elected the first President of the United States, taking office on April 30.
1797 – The parliament of the Repubblica Cisalpina adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as the official flag. It is the birthday of the flag of Italy.
 1835 – HMS Beagle anchors off the Chonos Archipelago.
 1894 – W.K. Dickson receives a patent for movie film.
 1896 – Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook.
1901  1950 
 1901 – Alferd Packer is released from prison after serving 18 years for cannibalism.
 1904 – The distress signal "CQD" is established only to be replaced two years later by "SOS."
 1911 – Mary Pickford marries Owen Moore.
 1919 - Montenegrin guerrilla fighters rebel against the planned annexation (take-over) of Montenegro by Serbia, but fail.
 1922 – Dáil Éireann ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64-57 votes.
 1924 – George Gershwin completes "Rhapsody in Blue".
 1926 – George Burns marries Gracie Allen.
 1927 – First international telephone call – New York City to London.
 1927 – The Harlem Globetrotters play their first basketball game.
 1931 - Guy Menzies becomes the first person to, on his own, fly non-stop from Australia to New Zealand in 11 hours and 45 minutes, crash-landing on New Zealand's west coast after crossing the Tasman Sea.
 1935 – World War II: Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval sign the Italo-French agreements.
1940 - Winter War: The Finnish 9th Division stops and completely destroys the overwhelming Soviet forces  on the Raate-Suomussalmi road.
 1942 – World War II: Siege of the Bataan Peninsula begins.
 1945 – British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of the Bulge.
 1950 – A fire at Mercy Hospital in Davenport, Iowa kills 41 people.
1951  2000 
 1953 – President Harry Truman announces that the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb.
 1954 – The first public demonstration of a machine translation system was held in New York at the head office of IBM.
 1955 - Contralto Marian Anderson becomes the first African American person to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
 1958 - Walter Hallstein becomes the first President of the European Commission.
 1959 – The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
 1960 - The UGM-27 Polaris missile is test-launched.
 1968 - The Surveyor 7 spacecraft is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
 1972 - While landing on Ibiza, a Sud Caravelle airplane of the Iberia airline crashes, killing 104 people.
 1973 - Mark Essex shoots 10 people dead and injures 13 at a Howard Johnson's hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana, before being shot dead by police.
 1975 – OPEC agrees to raise crude oil prices by 10%.
1979 – Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia are overthrown by Vietnamese troops.
 1980 – US President Jimmy Carter authorizes legislation giving $1.5 billion in loans to bail out Chrysler Corporation.
 1984 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
 1989 – Long-serving Japanese Emperor Hirohito dies aged 87; His son Akihito becomes Emperor of Japan.
 1990 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public due to safety concerns.
 1991 – Roger Lafontant attempts a coup in Haiti.
 1993 - The Fourth Republic of Ghana is inaugurated, with Jerry Rawlings as President.
 1993 - The Bosnian Army executes a surprise attack on the village of Kravica in Srebrenica.
 1996 – One of the worst blizzards in American history hits eastern states killing more than 100.
 1997 – A team of programmers at the University of Regensburg, Germany releases Tibia, one of the earliest graphical MMORPGs.
 1999 – The impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton begins.
From 2001 
 2006 - In the UK, Charles Kennedy resigns as leader of the Liberal Democrats, having come under pressure after admitting that he had a drink problem.
 2010 - Muslim gunmen in Egypt open fire on a crowd of Coptic Christians, killing 8 of them and one Muslim bystander.
 2012 - A hot-air balloon crashes near Carterton, New Zealand, killing all 11 people on board.
 2015 - A bomb attack in Sana'a, Yemen, kills at least 30 people.
 2015 - Charlie Hebdo shooting: Islamic extremist gunmen storm the offices of French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris, killing 12 people, including 2 police officers and several prominent French journalists and cartoonists. 11 people are seriously injured.

Births
Up to 1900 
 889 - Li Bian, Emperor of Southern Tang, China (d. 943)
 1355 – Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (d. 1397)
 1434 - Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1441)
 1502 – Pope Gregory XIII (d. 1585)
 1528 – Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (d. 1572)
 1624 - Guarino Guarini, Italian architect (d. 1683)
 1634 - Adam Krieger, German composer (d. 1666)
 1685 – Jonas Alströmer, Swedish agriculture and industry pioneer (d. 1761)
 1713 - Giovanni Battista Locatelli, Italian opera director and impresario (d. 1785)
 1718 - Israel Putnam, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1790)
 1768 – Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples (d. 1844)
 1796 – Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (d. 1817)
 1797 – Mariano Paredes, Mexican military and politician (d. 1849)
 1800 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (d. 1874)
 1800 - Moritz Daniel Oppenheim, German painter (d. 1882)
 1827 – Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer (d. 1915)
 1830 – Albert Bierstadt, German-American painter (d. 1902)
1831 - Heinrich von Stephan, German postman, founded the Universal Postal Union (d. 1897)
 1832 - James Munro, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (d. 1908)
 1833 - Josep Manyanet i Vives, Catalan priest (d. 1901)
 1834 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor (d. 1874)
 1837 - Thomas Henry Ismay, English businessman (d. 1899)
 1844 – Bernadette Soubirous, French saint (d. 1879)
 1845 – Ludwig III of Bavaria (d. 1921)
 1858 - Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Russian-Israeli journalist and promoter of Hebrew (d. 1922)
 1860 - Emanuil Manolov, Bulgarian composer (d. 1902)
 1864 - Seo Jae-pil, Korean-American journalist and activist (d. 1951)
 1871 - Emile Borel, French mathematician and politician (d. 1956)
 1873 – Adolph Zukor, Hungarian producer (d. 1976)
 1875 - Thomas Hicks, American runner (d. 1963)
 1875 - Gustav Flatow, German gymnast (d. 1945)
 1877 - William Clarence Matthews, American athlete and lawyer (d. 1928)
 1880 - Santiago Copello, Archbishop of Buenos Aires (d. 1967)
1883 - Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, British admiral (d. 1963)
 1885 - Edwin Swatek, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1966)
 1887 - Oskar Luts, Estonian writer and playwright (d. 1953)
 1888 – Vera de Bosset, Russian artist (d. 1915)
 1891 - Zora Neale Hurston, American writer (d. 1960)
 1895 - Clara Haskill, Romanian pianist (d. 1960)
 1895 - Hudson Fysh, Australian pilot and businessman, co-founder of Qantas (d. 1974)
 1896 - Arnold Ridley, British playwright and actor (d. 1984)
 1899 - Francis Poulenc, French pianist and composer (d. 1963)
1901  1950 
 1903 - Alan Napier, British actor (d. 1988)
 1903 - Carlos Di Sarli, Argentine tango musician (d. 1960)
 1907 – Nicanor Zabaleta, Spanish harpist (d. 1993)
 1908 - Red Allen, American trumpeter (d. 1967)
 1910 - Frank Lubin, American-Lithuanian basketball player (d. 1999)
 1910 – Orval Faubus, American politician, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1994)
 1911 - Butterfly McQueen, American actress (d. 1995)
 1912 - Charles Addams, American cartoonist (d. 1988)
 1915 - Chano Poco, Cuban singer, dancer and jazz musician (d. 1948)
 1916 - Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (d. 1975)
 1916 – Elena Ceausescu, First Lady of Romania (d. 1989)
 1918 - Alessandro Natta, Italian politician (d. 2001)
 1920 - Vincent Gardenia, American actor (d. 1992)
 1922 – Francisco Aramburu, Brazilian footballer (d. 1997)
 1922 - Jean-Pierre Rampal, French flautist (d. 2000)
 1922 - Eric Jupp, British-born Australian composer, arranger and conductor (d. 2003)
 1922 - Alvin Dark, American baseball player (d. 2014)
1924 - Ralph Miliband, Belgian-born sociologist, father of David and Ed Miliband (d. 1994)
 1924 - Edwin Reinecke, American politician (d. 2016)
 1925 – Gerald Durrell, British naturalist and writer (d. 1995)
 1925 - Robert Cormier, American writer (d. 2000)
 1926 - Kim Jong-pil, 11th Prime Minister of South Korea
 1928 - William Peter Blatty, American writer, screenwriter and director (d. 2017)
 1929 - Terry Moore, American actress
 1930 - Eddie LeBaron, American football player (d. 2015)
 1931 - Mirja Hietamies, Finnish skier (d. 2013)
 1932 - Tormod Knutsen, Norwegian Nordic combined athlete 
 1934 – Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (d. 2008)
 1934 - Charles Jenkins Sr., American sprinter
 1935 - Valeri Kubasov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2014)
 1936 - Hunter Davies, Scottish writer and journalist
 1937 - Ali Soilih, President of the Comoros (d. 1978)
 1937 - Carlos Westendorp, Spanish diplomat
 1938 - Patrick John, 2nd Prime Minister of Dominica
1938 - Paul Revere, American musician (Paul Revere and the Raiders) (d. 2014)
 1939 – Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark
 1939 - Tom Kiernan, Irish rugby player and coach
 1941 – John E. Walker, British chemist
 1941 - Frederick D. Gregory, American astronaut
 1942 – Vasily Alekseyev, Russian weightlifter (d. 2011)
 1943 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese victim of the Hiroshima atomic bomb (d. 1955)
 1943 - Richard Armstrong, English conductor
 1944 – Mario Bertini, Italian footballer
 1945 – Raila Odinga, Kenyan politician, former Prime minister of Kenya
 1945 - Jay Lynch, American cartoonist (d. 2017)
 1946 – Vann Nath, Cambodian painter (d. 2011)
 1946 - Jann Wenner, American publisher
 1947 - Mohammad-Reza Lotfi, Iranian classical musician (d. 2014)
 1948 – Ichiro Mizuki, Japanese singer
 1948 – Kenny Loggins, American singer
 1950 - Erin Gray, American actress
 1950 - Juan Gabriel, Mexican singer and composer (d. 2016)
1951  1975 
 1951 - Talgat Musabayev, Kazakhstani cosmonaut
 1951 - Helen Worth, English actress
 1953 - Jenis av Rana, Faroese physician and politician
 1953 - Dieter Hoeness, German footballer
 1956 – Uwe Ochsenknecht, German actor and singer
 1956 – David Caruso, American actor
 1957 – Katie Couric, American newscaster
 1958 – Linda Kozlowski, American actress
 1959 - Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon, English politician
 1960 - Loretta Sanchez, American politician
 1962 – Abigail Johnson, American businesswoman
 1963 - Rand Paul, American politician
 1964 - Christian Louboutin, French fashion designer
 1964 – Nicolas Cage, American actor
 1965 - Alessandro Lambruschini, Italian hurdler
 1965 - John Ondrasik, American singer-songwriter
 1965 - José Manuel Imbamba, Angolan archbishop
 1966 - Corrie Sanders, South African boxer (d. 2012)
 1966 – Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, American publicist (d. 1999)
 1967 – Nick Clegg, British politician, former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1967 - Guy Hebert, American ice hockey player
 1967 - Mark Lamarr, English comedian and radio host
 1969 - David Yost, American actor
 1970 – Andy Burnham, British politician, Mayor of Greater Manchester
 1970 – Doug E. Doug, American actor
 1970 – Joao Ricardo, Angolan footballer
 1971 – DJ Otzi, Austrian DJ, musician and rapper
 1971 – Jeremy Renner, American actor and singer
 1971 - David Longoria, American trumpeter, composer, producer and songwriter
 1972 – Donald Brashear, American-Canadian ice hockey player
From 1976 
 1976 – Marcelo Bordon, Brazilian footballer
 1977 – Dustin Diamond, American actor
 1977 - Sofi Oksanen, Finnish writer
 1978 – Emilio Palma, first person to be born on the continent of Antarctica
 1978 – Jean Charles de Menezes, Brazilian electrician, shot dead by police in London (d. 2005)
 1979 - Christian Lindner, German politician
 1982 - Lauren Cohan, American actress
 1982 - Camilo Villegas, Colombian golfer
 1983 – Natalie Gulbis, American golfer
 1985 – Lewis Hamilton, English racecar driver, two-time Formula One world champion
 1985 - Wayne Routledge, English footballer
 1986 – Grant Leadbitter, English footballer
 1987 - Davide Astori, Italian footballer (d. 2018)
 1987 - Lyndsy Fonseca, American actress
 1988 - Haley Bennett, American singer and actress
 1988 - Hardwell, Dutch DJ and producer
 1989 - Emiliano Insua, Argentine footballer
 1990 – Liam Aiken, American actor
 1990 – Elene Gedevanishvili, Georgian figure skater
 1990 – Camryn Grimes, American actress
1990 – Gregor Schlierenzauer, Austrian ski jumper
 1991 – Caster Semenya, South African athlete
 1991 - Eden Hazard, Belgian footballer
 1991 - Max Morrow, Canadian actor
 1991 - Roberto Pereyra, Argentine footballer
 1992 - Erik Gudbranson, Canadian ice hockey player
 1997 - Ayumi Ishida, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
Up to 1900 
 312 – Lucianus of Antioch, theologist/saint
 672 - Emperor Tenji of Japan (b. 626)
 1131 - Canute Lavard, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and saint (b. 1096)
 1285 - King Charles I of Naples (b. 1226)
 1325 – King Dinis of Portugal (b. 1261)
 1355 - Ines de Castro, Castilian royal (b. 1320)
 1451 - Antipope Felix V (b. 1383)
 1536 – Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England (b. 1485)
 1609 - Nicholas Hilliard, English painter (b. 1547)
 1625 - Ruggiero Giovanelli, Italian composer (b. 1560)
 1655 - Pope Innocent X (b. 1574)
 1658 - Theophilus Eaton, American farmer and politician (b. 1590)
 1730 - Arni Magnusson, Icelandic scholar (b. 1663)
 1758 - Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet (b. 1686)
 1770 - Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (b. 1695)
 1830 – Thomas Lawrence, English painter (b. 1769)
 1830 - Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen of Portugal (b. 1775)
 1864 – Caleb Blood Smith, U.S. Secretary of the Interior (b. 1808)
 1872 – James Fisk, American entrepreneur (b. 1834)
1882 - Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish inventor and chemist (b. 1822)
 1892 - Tewfik Pasha, Khedive (ruler) of Egypt (b. 1852)
 1893 – Jožef Stefan, Slovene physicist, mathematician and poet (b. 1835)
1901  2000 
 1913 - Jack Boyle, American baseball player (b. 1866)
 1920 – Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1849)
 1927 - Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos, Greek politician (b. 1851)
 1932 - André Maginot, French civil servant, soldier and politician (b. 1877)
 1943 – Nikola Tesla, Serbian-born inventor and electrical engineer (b. 1856).
 1944 - Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (b. 1874)
 1945 - Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (b. 1870)
 1951 – René Guénon, French-Egyptian writer (b. 1886)
 1963 - Arthur Moore, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (b. 1876)
 1964 – Cyril Davies, blues musician (b. 1932)
 1972 – John Berryman, American poet (b. 1914)
 1973 - Mark Essex, American spree killer (b. 1949)
 1975 – Sinéad de Valera, wife of Irish statesman Éamon de Valera (b. 1878)
 1980 - Larry Williams, American singer-songwriter, pianist and producer (b. 1935)
 1984 - Alfred Kastler, French physicist (b. 1902)
1986 - P. D. Eastman, American writer and illustrator (b. 1909)
 1988 – Trevor Howard, English actor (b. 1913)
 1989 – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (b. 1901)
 1989 - Frank Adams, English mathematician (b. 1930)
 1990 – Bronko Nagurski, American football player (b. 1908)
 1992 - Richard Hunt, American puppeteer (b. 1951)
 1995 – Murray Rothbard, American economist (b. 1926)
 1998 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist (b.1906)
2001  2015 
 2002 – Avery Schreiber, American actor (b. 1935)
 2004 - Ingrid Thulin, Swedish actress (b. 1926)
 2005 – Pierre Daninos, French novelist (b. 1913)
 2005 – Rosemary Kennedy, third child and first daughter of Joseph and Rose Kennedy (b. 1918)
 2005 – Eileen Desmond, Irish politician, former Minister for Health & Social Welfare (b. 1932)
 2007 - Magnus Magnusson, Icelandic television presenter (b. 1929)
 2008 - Alwyn Schlebusch, South African politician (b. 1917)
 2013 - Carl Berner, German-American supercentenarian (b. 1902)
 2013 - Huell Howser, American television host (b. 1945)
 2013 - David R. Ellis, American director, actor and stuntman (b. 1952)
 2014 - Run Run Shaw, Hong Kong movie producer and entrepreneur (b. 1907)
 2015 - People killed in the Charlie Hebdo shooting:
Cabu, French cartoonist (b. 1938)
Elsa Cayat, French psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and columnist (b. 1960)
Charb, French cartoonist and journalist, Editor-in-Chief of Charlie Hebdo (b. 1967)
Philippe Honoré, French cartoonist (b. 1941)
Bernard Maris, French economist and journalist (b. 1946)
Tignous, French cartoonist (b. 1957)
Georges Wolinski, French cartoonist (b. 1934)
 2015 - Tadeusz Konwicki, Polish writer and filmmaker (b. 1926)
 2015 - Rod Taylor, Australian actor (b. 1930)
 2015 - Mompati Merafhe, former Vice President of Botswana (b. 1947)
 2015 - B. S. Abdur Rahman, Indian business executive (b. 1947)
 2015 - Arch A. Moore, Jr., American politician, 28th and 30th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1923)
 2015 - Jethro Pugh, American football player (b. 1944)
 2015 - J. P. Parisé, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1941)
 2015 - David Rolfe, Australian swimmer (b. 1964)
 2015 - José Arias, Spanish skier (b. 1922)
From 2016 
 2016 - Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, Indian politician (b. 1936)
 2016 - Sergey Shustikov, Russian footballer (b. 1970)
 2016 - Robert M. Cundick, American organist and composer (b. 1926)
 2016 - Judith Kaye, American lawyer (b. 1938)
 2016 - Kitty Kallen, American singer (b. 1921)
 2016 - Klaas Bakker, Dutch footballer (b. 1926)
 2016 - Sol Polansky, American diplomat (b. 1926)
 2016 - Richard Libertini, American actor (b. 1933)
 2016 - Anton Srholec, Slovakian writer and priest (b. 1929)
 2016 - Ashraf Pahlavi, Iranian princess (b. 1919)
 2016 - Valerio Zanone, Italian politician (b. 1936)
 2017 - Mario Soares, President of Portugal (b. 1924)
 2017 - Nat Hentoff, American political philosopher, columnist and music critic (b. 1925)
 2017 - Jerzy Kossela, Polish guitarist and singer (b. 1942)
 2017 - Lech Trzeciakowski, Polish historian (b. 1931)
 2017 - Lelio Lagorio, Italian politician (b. 1925)
 2017 - Lucina da Costa Gomez-Matheeuws, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (b. 1929)
2017 - Ramanuja Devnathan, Indian Sanskrit scholar (b. 1959)
 2017 - John Deely, American philosopher (b. 1942)
 2018 - Jim Anderton, New Zealand politician (b. 1938)
 2018 - France Gall, French singer (b. 1947)
 2018 - Anna Mae Hays, American military officer and nurse (b. 1920)
 2018 - Markku Into, Finnish poet (b. 1945)
 2018 - Peter Sutherland, Irish businessman (b. 1946)
 2019 – Moshe Arens, Lithuanian-born Israeli aeronautical engineer, diplomat, and politician (b. 1925)
 2019 – Jocelyne Saab, Lebanese film director (b. 1948)
 2020 - Neil Peart, Canadian drummer (Rush) (b. 1952)
 2021 - Tommy Lasorda, American baseball player/manager for the L.A. Dodgers (b. 1927)
Observances
 Christmas in Eastern Orthodox Churches that still use the Julian calendar
 Tricolour Day (Italy)
 Victory from Genocide Day (Cambodia)

January 07
Eyeglasses (U.S),glasses or spectacles ( also more rarely cheaters) are pieces of glass or clear plastic, called lenses, that are held in front of a person's eyes by a frame made of metal or plastic. They can be used for many reasons. These include safety. fashion and to correct a person's vision.  The earliest known eyeglasses are in the thirteenth century in Italy.

Uses 
Corrective lenses let some people see or read better if they have problems seeing. If the someone is long-sighted (the light is focusses past the retina), they use a different type of glasses than someone who is short-sighted. Lenses can also correct Astigmatism. Contact lenses also help people see better. Corrective lenses usually are made by opticians following eyeglass prescription from an optometrist. It's also possible to get adjustable focus glasses where one can change the lens power.
Reading glasses that are sold over the counter may help those with presbyopia who only need to wear glasses occasionally. They typically come in lens powers from +0.25 to +4. 

3d glasses are used during 3d movies.

Glasses can also protect the eyes. Goggles and safety glasses are strong and protect the eyes from flying objects. Sunglasses (with dark tinted lenses) keep too much sunlight from getting in people's eyes. Some glasses are tinted for special applications, fashion and light sensitivity conditions. Some eyeglasses, often with yellow lenses, block blue light from a computer, game, tablet, smart phone or TV.
Styles 
Eyeglasses are made in many different styles. These may be worn for fashion or function. These styles include:
 Aviator glasses - Usually metal frames with a bar directly above the nose bridge.
 Wayfarer glasses - Eyeglasses or sunglasses with thicker plastic frames and small metal detailing on the front of the glasses.
 Wraparound glasses - Those where the lenses curve around the face offering a greater field of vision and more protection than "flat" glasses.
Wire-rim glasses - Glasses with thin !metal frames.
Horn-rimmed glasses - With thicker plastic frames.
 Windsor, granny or John Lennon glasses - with perfectly round lenses.
 Flip up glasses - Glasses with two pairs of lenses, the outer pair flips up and down as needed.
 Mountaineering glasses - Frames with fabric shields on the temples. Designed to protect the eyes at high altitudes.
 Semi-rimless glasses - With the lens rim only on top.
 Rimless glasses - Without eye rims.
GI glasses or birth control glasses - Eyeglasses, usually considered ugly, issued by the United States Military to its soldiers at basic training.
Historical styles
 Rivet spectacles or scissors glasses - One of the oldest styles dating back to the medieval era and essentially consisting of two magnifying glasses attached at the handles with a rivet. These seem to have been invented in Florence around 1286. In a sermon from 1306, a Dominican friar wrote: “It is not yet twenty years since there was found the art of making eyeglasses, which make for good vision… And it is so short a time that this new art, never before extant, was discovered.”
 Pince-nez - Glasses without temple arms, popular during the 19th and early 20th centuries

Related pages 
 Myopia (nearsightedness)
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Corrective lens
 Bifocals

References
Goa (गोवा) is a state in the Republic of India. It is India's smallest state. It has the second smallest number of people. The total area is 1,430 mi² (3,702 km²), it is bigger than Samoa but smaller than the Georgian territory of South Ossetia. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the South Indian zone. It is on the west coast of India, in the region known as the Konkan. The state of Maharashtra is its neighbour to the north, and Karnataka to the east and south. The Arabian Sea makes up the state's west coast. Panjim is the state's capital, and Margao its largest town.

Portuguese merchants first landed in Goa in the 16th century but soon after, colonised it. It was a part of the Portuguese empire for about 450 years. In 1961 India took control of Goa by sending its army and defeating Portuguese army.
History 
The 1961 Indian annexation of Goa, was an action by India’s armed forces that ended Portuguese rule in its Indian enclaves in 1961. The armed action, code named Operation Vijay by the Indian government, involved air, sea and land strikes for over 36 hours, and was a decisive victory for India, ending 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa. One of the problems vexing the Indian prime minister Jawarhalal Nehru in the 1950s was what to do about Goa. The situation began to come to a head in 1955 when a group of Goanese and Indian protesters staged a ‘liberation march’ in Goa and more than 20 of them were shot and killed.
Tourism 
Bounded on one side by the foothills of the Sahyadri range and on the other by the Arabian Sea Goa is a green natural paradise and best tourist spots in India. It is very truly said that living in Goa is a 365-day vacation. Goa is one of the best beach destinations in India due to the picturesque sunsets, beaches, historic forts, and laid-back life. Goa serves travelers of varied tastes, whether it's witnessing the majestic 600m high Dudhsagar Falls or trying your luck at Casino Royale. From the famous Fort Aguada to the blue waters. It is from the beaches of Dona Paula and Sinquerim, there is no shortage of points of interest in Goa.

Gallery

Provincial symbols of Goa

References
A second language is a language that a person learns in addition to their first language. A second language may be learned in a formal or informal way, such as at school or in a family. A person may speak two or more second languages. 

Adults do not learn languages the same way that children do. Learning a second language is difficult for adults, who rarely speak it as well as their native language because it is much easier for children to learn a second language.

Some children have native multilingualism and so speak several languages, such as by living in a foreign country or having a father speaking a different language from their mother.

Other websites
Asha

References 

Language education
Ido is a constructed language, a so-called reformed Esperanto, which was developed in 1907. Ido was made by a group of people that thought Esperanto was too hard to be a world language. They did not like how Esperanto used letters with special diacritic marks over them, because that made it hard to type, and they thought that a world language should be easy to learn and write.

Ido is not as popular as Esperanto, but still about 100-200 people in the world speak it. They have a conference every year where people come together and speak the language.

History
History

The Delegation for the adoption of an international auxiliary language 
At the beginning of the 20th century, the need for an international language was being thought about by many personalities, especially scientists and philosophers. This period goes along with a flowering of new international language projects. The math expert Leopold Leau creted the Delegation for the adoption of an international auxiliary language on January 17, 1901 with the support of many scientists. In 1906, the Delegation had received the support of more than 1,200 members of universities from different countries and more than 300 scientific societies.
In May 1907, the delegation sent the question of the International Association of the Vienna Academies, which declared itself unable to solve the issue, by 12 votes to 8. As a result, the delegation formed a working group whose members were elected by 242 votes out of a total of 253. Among them there were famous scientists, such as the language experts Jespersen, Schuchardt and Baudouin de Courtenay or even the chemist Ostwald. By cooptation, other personalities were admitted, such as the Italian math expert Peano. Léopold Leau and Louis Couturat were the secretaries of the committee.
The group met at the Collège de France during the month of October 1907 and examined many international language projects, presented by representatives of their authors. They quickly came to the result that there were only two international language projects worthy of interest: Esperanto and Idiom Neutral. However, on the last day, the Delegation chose "Ido". The author of this language was unknown to the Delegation (later it would be discovered that Couturat was the creator). Ido was a kind of combination between a kind of Esperanto and Idiom Neutral.

Development 
The group of the delegation decided to create a permanent Commission. This commission would be charged with "studying and fixing the details of the language to be adopted". Its members were Louis Couturat, Wilhelm Ostwald, Otto Jespersen, Baudouin de Courtenay and Leopold Leau.
A union of friends of the international language (Uniono di la Amiki di la Linguo Internaciona) was founded. It included an academy and a Directing Committee. Also a monthly magazine, Progreso, was created in 1908 to publish language discussions and decisions of the Ido Academy.

The language would take the name "Ido", after Zamenhof rejected all nominations using the name "Esperanto".

The development of the language was completed in 1910 with the publication of the first language manuals and dictionaries. Finished its mission, the delegation dissolved regularly on July 31, 1910 after founding the Uniono por la linguo internacional.

There was a debate between those who wanted to leave the language as it in to spread it and those who wanted to keep changing it (in order to improve it, according to them).

Finally, after many years of intense work, a period of ten years without further changes was decided in 1914 to make the language known.
Two World Wars 
However two terrible events stopped the spread of the language: on August 3, 1914, Louis Couturat died in a car crash, the same day that Germany declared war on France. The Idist movement actually survived in neutral countries such as Switzerland (including the activity of Schneeberger, Secretary of the Ido Union or the International Linguo), and Sweden (with Ahlberg, editor of the idista magazine Mondo). The magazine Progreso stopped being published in 1914.

After the war, the Idist movement was slowly built-up again. In 1920, Schneeberger, president of the Ido Academy, announced the resumption of the academy's work. Louis de Beaufront published in 1925 his "Complete Grammar" (Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza). Many idist congresses have been organized: Vienna (1921), Dessau (1922), Kassel (1923), Luxembourg (1924), Turin (1925) and Prague (1926). Many Idist magazines have appeared since then.
In 1927, some serious disagreements divided the Idist movement. The appearance in 1922 of another auxiliary language, Occidental, and the reappearance of the argument between stability and change weakened Ido. For his part, Otto Jespersen, who broke away from the Idist movement, published his own linguistic project, Novial, in 1928. Novial, which contains many features of Ido while eliminating the more conspicuous elements of Esperanto (for example, noun endings in -o, adjectives in -a or conjugation, in -is, -as, -os) attracted some Idists like Ahlberg whose Idist newspaper Mondo became a Novialist magazine.

The Zurich Idist congress of 1928 marks the beginning of the reunification of the Idist movement. L'Uniono by the international Linguo Ido is reactivated and an official written announcement is published. Progress magazine reappears from 1931 and without interruption until today.
There were debate about the opportunity to make new changes but until in 1934 a new period of stability was declared for ten years. On the other hand, the international situation had again become bad for international languages, with the rise of Nazism as well as Stalinism, followed by the Second World War. The first concern of the Idist movement had become mere survival.

After the Second World War 
The Idist movement survived World War II. Progreso magazine has never stopped appearing. Later the language changing stopped.

An important poetic production has grown in Ido by many authors, whose main author continues to be the Belgian Andreas Juste. He was the most important person in the Idist movement between the years 1960-1998. His collection includes a library with more than 250 books on Ido or in Ido and many texts on Ido. In 2009, it was maintained by the association Juste & Co.
Special points about Ido 
Ido is easy to learn for many reasons:
 Spelling is simple and regular. In English, the words doughnut, tough, and through all have the letters ough, but the speaker says them differently. In Ido, the word skolo is sko-lo, the word multa is mool-ta, and so on.
 Verbs (action words) all act the same - In English the speaker says "I learn, you learn, we learn, she learns". In Ido the verb is always the same - "".
 Ido looks like a lot of other languages. If learners already know English, French or some other European language, they can probably understand a lot of Ido even without studying it.  means "I learn with my friend in the school." A person can see that the word for 'I' looks like 'me', 'lernas' is 'learn, and 'skolo' is 'school'. Also, if the person is French, they will know the word 'amiko' which means friend, and looks like the French word, 'ami' or 'amie'. It also resembles the Italian word 'amico', and the Spanish/Portuguese word 'amigo'.
Grammar (how to use the language) 
Each word in Ido comes from a smaller word called a root word. A root word has a root and an ending. The speaker can take the root and put it on another word to make a new one. For example, urbo means "city" and -estro means "leader". The root of urbo is urb-, and if -estro is put on the end, it becomes urbestro, which means mayor (leader of a city). Or the speaker can put something on before; chef- means chief or leader, and if the speaker puts that before the word it becomes chefurbo, which means capital city.
Here are some of the endings:
 -o : single noun (objects and things). Book - libro. Friend - amiko.
 -i : plural noun (more than one object). Books - libri. Friends - amiki.
 -a : adjective (words that describe objects). Fast - rapida. Short - kurta.
 -e : adverb (words that describe how to do an action). Quickly - rapide. Shortly, brief - kurte.
 -ar : verb (action word), present tense infinitive (like to go, to see, to find). To go - irar. To see - vidar.
 -is : verb, past tense. Went - iris. Saw - vidis.
 -as : verb, present tense (now). Go, goes - iras. See, sees - vidas.
 -os : verb, future tense. Will go - iros. Will see - vidos.
 -us : verb, conditional (like the English would). (I) would go - irus. (I) would see - vidus.
 -ez : verb, imperative (telling someone to do something). Go! - irez! See! - videz!
Pronouns 
Pronouns are the words in a language like I, thou, he, she, it, we, ye, they, and so on. Ido was made from Esperanto, and all of Esperanto's pronouns end in -i. The people that made Ido thought that they sounded too much the same and that it might be too difficult to hear sometimes. Also, most languages have two ways of saying you so they decided to have two ways of saying you. Lastly, they decided to make a pronoun that can mean he or she. Some languages like the Finnish language and the Estonian language have something like this.

Here is a chart of all the pronouns in English, Ido, and Esperanto.

Literature 
A lot of books were published in Ido until the crisis of 1927-28. It is worth mentioning the booklet Makedonia a la Makedoniani, published in 1913. At the same time appeared Nova Horizonti, a work by J. Barral.
During the First World War appeared Buddho e lua doktrino and, in 1923, an important anthology of texts translated from Hungarian literature was published. During the 1920s, Catholic Idist published booklets about saints' lives. The work Esther by Jean Racine and translated by the priest Guignon is worth mentioning.

With regards to poetry, Andreas Juste is the most famous poet in Ido. He gave new force to Ido literature in the 1970s. Other poets are Lui Pasko (Spain), Jules Houillon (France), Gilbert H. Richardson (Great Britain), Jules Gross (France), Heidi Neussner (Germany), Friedrich Porzenheim (Germany) and Gonçalo Neves (Portugal).
There are also some science fiction works like La suno di Tiahuanako, published in 1999 by G. T. Romanin. It was the first of this genre published in the language. He then published Skandalo en Roseringen in 2005. Also in that year was published La Sucedanto, a detective novel by Eduardo A. Rodi (Argentina). He also published Narkotanti. The Mexican Jose Cossio Ramírez published two science fiction books L' Aventuri dil Amazonia: Unesma Kontakto and (2006) and L' Aventuri dil Amazonia II: Gravito Zero (2007).

In 2006, Robert Pontnau published GDR 66, a booklet about the German Democratic Republic. Since December 2012, Brian E. Drake has published a lot of books in Ido, both original and translations.
Ido and Esperanto 
Ido is a language that came from Esperanto, so they look very similar. Since Esperanto has more speakers than Ido, most people that know Ido first learned Esperanto and then later learned that Ido is a language, too. Sometimes Idists (people who speak Ido) and Esperantists (people who speak Esperanto) do not agree with each other. Luckily they both agree that making a language that everybody can learn is a good idea. Most Idists and Esperantists can understand most of each other's language.

Criticism 
Some people criticise Ido for the way it was presented by Louis Couturat, who was not supposed to defend any constructed language during the Congress in which he was part of the jury.

Another critique, done by the ex-Idist Ric Berger, is that the system of derivation is too complex, with suffixes that make derivation more difficult.
Samples 
Here are samples of the language Ido to show what the language looks like. On the right is a page from a magazine in Ido called Adavane! (forward), written by an Ido group in Spain every two months. This is a page from a diary by a girl named Anne Frank, a Jewish girl from the Netherlands that was killed in 1944 by the German government of Adolf Hitler.

Below is a small part of the book The Little Prince called La Princeto in Ido.

La Princeto 
CHAPITRO XVII
Bona nokto ! – dicis la surprizata princeto.
Bona nokto ! – dicis la serpento.
Adsur qua planeto me falis ? – questionis la princeto.
Adsur Tero, sur Afrika. – respondis la serpento.
Ha !... Kad esas nulu sur Tero ?
To esas la dezerto, e nulu esas sur la dezerti. Tero esas tre granda – dicis la serpento.

La princeto sideskis sur stono e levis lua okuli a la cielo.
Me questionas a me – lu dicis- ka la steli intence brilas por ke uladie singlu povez trovar sua stelo. Videz mea planeto, olu esas exakte super ni... ma tre fore !
Olu esas bela planeto – dicis la serpento-. Por quo vu venis adhike ?
Esas chagreneto inter floro e me – dicis la princeto.
Ha ! – dicis la serpento.

E la du permanis silence.

Ube esas la personi ? – klamis fine la princeto-. Onu esas kelke sola sur la dezerto...
Inter la personi onu anke esas sola – dicis la serpento.

La princeto regardis la serpento longatempe.

Vu esas stranja animalo ! – dicis la princeto-. Vu esas tam tenua kam fingro...
Yes, ma me esas plu potenta kam fingro di rejo – dicis la serpento.

La princeto ridetis.

Me ne kredas ke vu esas tre potenta, mem vu ne havas pedi... nek vu povas voyajar...
Me povas transportar vu plu fore kam navo -dicis la serpento.

Ed olu spulis la maleolo di la princeto, same kam ora braceleto.

Ta quan me tushas retroiras a la tero deube lu venis. Ma vu esas pura e vu venas de stelo...
La princeto nulon respondis.

Me kompatas vu, qua esas tante sola sur ta harda granita Tero. Me povas helpar vu se vu sentas nostalgio a vua planeto. Me povas...

Ho ! – dicis la princeto-. Me bone komprenis, ma pro quo vu sempre parolas enigmatoze ?

Me solvas omna enigmati – dicis la serpento.

E la du permanis silence.

Mea vido-cirklo (horizonto) 
This was a song by a bard from Russia named Alexandr Sukhanov; he used words from the poetry of another Russian person named Yunna Mortis. This is the Ido version, sung with guitar.
()
Me nule savas la Angla, la Franca, la Greka,
Mea vid-cirklo do restas sat mikra e streta -
En mea vid-cirklo trovesas nur flori, arbori,
Nur tero e maro, aero, fairo, amoro.

Me nule savas la Dana e la Portugala,
Mea vid-cirklo restas sat infantala -
Nur joyi rapide pasant', bruligiva aflikto,
Nur esperi, e timi noktal' es en mea vid-cirklo.
Me savas nek la Sanskrito e nek la Latina,
Mea vid-cirklo es ancien-mod' quale tino
Nur morto e nasko homala, nur grani ed astri
Aden mea vid-cirklo penetras e standas sat mastre.

Mea savo artala esas fakultativa.
Mea vid-cirklo restas presk' primitiva -
En olu es nia afero intima, interna
Por ke kun homaro la Tero flugadez eterne.

Mea vid-cirklon restriktas nur timi, esperi,
En olu trovesas nur amo, nur maro e tero.
Aden mea vid-cirklo penetras e standas sat mastre
Nur morto e nasko homala, nur grani ed astri.

Conventions 

People who know Ido come together for a few days every year to meet each other and speak the language. Most Ido speakers live in Europe and so the conventions (a meeting of people) have taken place in Europe.
Information on Ido conferences (the section that says raporto is the report on the convention written in Ido).

References
References

Other websites 
 The main page for the language
 A site with dictionaries
 Ido Wikipedia
 Ido Wiktionary
 Louis de Beaufront, Louis Couturat, Paul Hugon, English-international dictionary (1908) on https://archive.org

Esperanto
Constructed languages
Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga (born July 14, 1942 in Madrid) is a Spanish physicist, politician and diplomat.

He is the former Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and also the former European Union foreign policy chief.

Solana was studying in both the United Kingdom and the United States before returning to Spain with Nicolás Cabrera, and becoming a professor of solid state physics in the Complutense University.

Having already joined the banned PSOE left-wing party in 1964, he became one of its leaders when it became legal in 1977. He became a Cabinet Minister, serving first as Minister for Culture and party spokesman, then Minister for Education, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, before being made NATO boss in December 1995, just as the Dayton agreement saw the IFOR NATO peacekeeping mission enter the former Yugoslavia. He was also involved in the Kosovo bombings, and the negotiations that led to an eventual peace.

In March 2020, Solana tested positive for COVID-19.
References

1942 births
Living people
Spanish diplomats
European Union politicians
Secretaries General of NATO
Politicians from Madrid
Physicists
Spanish scientists
A paragraph is a collection of words strung together to make a longer unit than a sentence. Several sentences often make a paragraph. There are normally three to eight sentences in a paragraph. Paragraphs can start with a five-space indentation or by skipping a line and then starting over. This makes it simpler to tell when one paragraph ends and the next starts simply it has 3-9 lines.

A topic phrase appears in most ordered types of writing, such as essays. This paragraph's topic sentence informs the reader about the topic of the paragraph. In most essays, numerous paragraphs make statements to support a thesis statement, which is the essay's fundamental point.

Paragraphs may signal when the writer changes topics. Each paragraph may have a number of sentences, depending on the topic.

A pilcrow mark (¶) is sometimes used to show where a paragraph begins.

Grammar
Typography
Writing