Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco (17661840) was the dictator of Paraguay. He helped Paraguay become independent from Spain. Paraguay became independent from Spain in 1811. Francia y Velasco reigned from 1814 until his death in 1840.

Francia y Velasco believed that Paraquay should be self-sufficient. During his reign, almost no goods were imported, and only yerba mate was exported. Leaves and twigs of this herb,  Ilex paraguariensis, are the basis of the drink called "mate".

Further reading 
(An annotated publication of the archived collection of Francia's writings, the Colección Doroteo Bareiro, held by the "Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"):

Other websites 
 Brief biography of Rodriguez de Francia
 "Paraguay: The Rise of José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia"
 "Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"
 John Hoyt Williams, 'Paraguayan Isolation under Dr Francia: A Reevaluation' The Hispanic American Historical Review, volume 52, issue 1, Feb 1972 pp 102–22
1766 births
1840 deaths
Former dictators
Paraguayan politicians
James Salter (born James Arnold Horowitz; June 10, 1925 – June 19, 2015) was an American novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and movie director. He was active between 1957 and 2013. His most noted novels were The Hunters (1957) and A Sport and a Pastime (1967). He also worked on the 1969 movies Downhill Racer (writing) and Three (directing).

Salter was born in New York City. He was married twice and had five children.

Salter died on June 19, 2015 in Sag Harbor, New York. He was 90.

References

Other websites

 

1925 births
2015 deaths
American novelists
Movie directors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Dogger Bank is a large sandbank in the North Sea. It lies about  from the coast of England. It is about  long and  wide. On average, the North Sea is  deep. The average depth in the area of the Dogger Bank is , at the shallowest place the water is only  deep. During the last ice age, it was sometimes an island and sometimes a land bridge connecting Britain and mainland Europe.

Today, Dogger Bank is important for fishing, in particular for cod and European plaice.

North Sea
Dylann Storm Roof (born April 3, 1994) is an American white supremacist and mass murderer convicted for the Charleston church shooting on June 17, 2015.

On December 15, 2016, Roof was convicted in federal court of all 33 federal charges (including hate crimes) against him stemming from the shooting; on January 11, 2017, he was sentenced to death for those crimes. In March 2017, he was sentenced life in prison without parole. On April 10, 2017, Roof was sentenced to nine consecutive sentences of life without parole.

References

1994 births
Living people
American people convicted of manslaughter
People from Columbia, South Carolina
An artificial fly or fly lure is a type of fishing lure. It is usually used in the sport of fly fishing. Artificial flies imitate insects or other things fish eat. Artificial flies are made by fly tying. This is an art in which furs, feathers, thread or any of very many other materials are tied onto a fish hook. 

There are thousands of different fly patterns (kinds) available. Many imitate a particular insect a fish might recognize. Other patterns don't look like any insect, but attract fish anyway.

Types 
Dry flies are meant to float on top of the water.
Wet flies are designed to sink to the bottom of the water.
Streamers (called lures in British English) sink to imitate small fish in the water.
Terrestrials either float or sink. They imitate insects found on land.

References 

Fishing
Azerbaijan Carpet Museum  (formerly called the State Museum of Azerbaijan Carpet and Applied Art) displays Azerbaijani carpets and rugs. The display shows various weaving techniques and materials from various periods. It is named after Latif Karimov and has the largest collection of Azerbaijani carpets in the world.
It moved to a brand new building on the Baku's seafront park during 2014 from its former location on Neftchiler Avenue.

History

The museum was established in 1967 and was first located in the Juma Mosque in the Old City. The mosque was built in the 15th century and then renovated in the 19th century. Its first exhibition was held in 1972. In 1992, after the collapse of the USSR, the museum was moved to the second floor of what is now the Baku Museum Center, a building that had originally been the Lenin museum. The collection was named in honour of the carpet designer Latif Karimov.
Plans to move the collection to a new building have been in preparation since 2010 when Azerbaijani carpets were proclaimed "a Masterpiece of Intangible Heritage" by UNESCO.
The new building was due to open in late 2012  and was visited by President Ilham Aliyev in September 2013, but as of March 2014 the new building had not yet officially opened its doors to the public. In April 2014 the museum was renamed Azerbaijan Carpet Museum dropping its much longer official title.
Collection
The collection of the museum includes over 10,000 items of ceramics, metal works of the 14th century, jewellery from the Bronze Age, carpets and carpet items from the 17th-20th centuries, national garments and embroidery, and applied art works (decorative arts and design) of the Modern Age. 
The museum organizes public lectures, study courses on carpets and applied arts.
It has a book store selling books on Azerbaijani crafts and carpet art.
The museum also holds a permanent collection from the Shusha Museum of History, from the city of Shusha, looted after occupation by Armenian troops in 1992. Part of the exhibited items of the Shusha museum were saved when the director of the museum moved out 600 carpets before the occupation. They are now displayed at the museum in an exhibition titled "Burned Culture".
International exhibitions
The museum does research and public servie work. Every year, state and international exhibitions are organized and catalogues on carpets are printed by the museum. The museum has also held exhibitions in more than 30 countries including France, Germany, England, Japan, the Netherlands. In 1998, the museum participated in a UNESCO-organized exhibition in Paris dedicated to Fuzûlî and in 1999 dedicated to the 1,300th anniversary of the Book of Dede Korkut and displayed carpets, folk applied art items, including copper jugs, mugs, buckets and saddle-bags.

Related pages
 Azerbaijani carpet

References

Other websites

  

Museums in Baku
Art museums
National museums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baku
1967 establishments in Asia
Textile arts
20th-century establishments in Azerbaijan
Guo Jianmei (Simplified Chinese: 郭建梅; Hanyu pinyin Guō Jiànméi; born October 1961) is a Chinese lawyer and human rights activist. She is the head of an organization to help women with legal problems.  In 2011, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

Life 
Guo Jianmei was born in a poor area of Hua County, Henan Province, in China.  Both her parents were teachers.  Guo saw poverty and  problems with women's rights in her village. This gave her the idea to work for women's rights in China. She is married to writer Liu Zhenyun.

Work 
When she was 18, Guo went to law school at Beijing University.  She graduated in 1983. After she graduated, she worked at the Ministry of Justice, The All China Federation of Women, and The All China Association of Lawyers.  In 1989, Guo helped to write the law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests. Guo traveled to more than 20 areas of China to learn about the lives of Chinese women.
In 1995, Guo went to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing. When a foreign lawyer asked about non-governmental organizations to help women with legal problems, everyone was silent.  They understood that women had very little help in China. Later that year, Guo and her friends started the Beijing University Law School Women's Legal Research and Services Centre, China's first NGO non-governmental organization for legal help for women.

Guo helped write China's new marriage law in 2001.  In 2003, she helped write the law for Regulations for Legal Aid. Guo wrote 8 books.  She is also editor of three volumes of "Everyday Life Law", and "A Guide to Women's Legal Aid Cases".

Awards 

In 2010 Guo Jianmei received the Simone De Beauvoir Prize.  
Also in 2010, the International Labor Organisation (ILO) named her China’s first anti-AIDS discrimination ambassador. 
In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

  Women’s Legal Research and Service Centre
  PeaceWomen Across the Globe
  ILO
 Guo Jianmei   Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
1961 births
Chinese lawyers
Chinese human rights activists
People from Henan
Dzsenifer Marozsán (born 18 April 1992 in Budapest, Hungary) is a German association football midfielder. She currently plays for 1. FFC Frankfurt and the Germany women's national football team. She is the daughter of Hungarian association football player, János Marozsán.

References 

1992 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Budapest
François Delapierre (4 November 1970 – 20 June 2015) was a French politician. He served as the national secretary of the Left Party from December 2010 until his death. He was also the regional councillor of Île-de-France from February 2009 until his death. He was also a member of the Socialist Party from 1986 to 2008. He was born in Paris.

Delapierre died from brain cancer on 20 June 2015 in Paris, aged 44.

References

1970 births
2015 deaths
Politicians from Paris
Takanonami Sadahiro (born Sadahiro Namioka October 27, 1971 - June 20, 2015) was a Japanese sumo wrestler and coach from Aomori. He held sumo's second highest rank of  ōzeki from 1994 until 2000 and won two tournament titles. He lived a sumo coach life after retirement in 2000 until his death in 2015.

References

1971 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Japanese sumo wrestlers
People from Aomori Prefecture
Elson S. Floyd (February 29, 1956 – June 20, 2015) was an American educator. He served as the 10th president of the four-campus Washington State University from May 21, 2007 to June 20, 2015. Floyd has also served as president of the University of Missouri System and president of Western Michigan University. Floyd was the Chairman of the Pac-12 CEO Group.

Floyd died in Pullman, Washington from colon cancer, aged 59.

References

1956 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Educators from North Carolina
Angelo Niculescu (1 October 1921—20 June 2015) was a Romanian football manager. He was the coach of the Romania national football team during the 1970 FIFA World Cup.

Other websites
Report about Angelo Niculescu 
News at frf.ro about Niculescu's death 

1921 births
2015 deaths
Romanian footballers
Romanian football managers
Timofey Pavlovich Mozgov (born July 16, 1986) is a Russian professional basketball player. He currently plays center for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Mozgov is from St. Petersburg, Russia. He is 7 foot 1 inches tall. Mozgov also played for the New York Knicks and the Denver Nuggets. Mozgov played in the 2012 London Olympics. His team won the bronze medal. He first came into the NBA on October 27, 2010. His jersey number is 20. Mozgov also played for Khimki Moscow Region. On June 4, 2015, he became the first Russian to play in the NBA Finals.

References 

Russian basketball players
Russian Olympic bronze medalists
1986 births
Living people
David Michael Blatt (; born May 22, 1959) is an Israeli-American professional basketball coach. He is currently the head coach of the Cleveland Cavaliers. Blatt played point guard at Princeton University from 1977 to 1981. He played in the Maccabiah Games for the USA national team that won a gold medal in 1981. He then played professional basketball in Israel for nine of the next 12 years. An injury ended his playing career and he began coaching full-time.

Blatt is one of the most successful American coaches in European basketball history. As a coach, Blatt has been the Israeli League Coach of the Year four times (1996, 2002, 2011, and 2014). He was the Russian Super League Coach of the Year (2005). In the 2012 Summer Olympics he led the Russian national team to win a Bronze medal. Blatt was also the Euroleague Coach of the Year (2014). He took over as Cleveland's head coach in 2014 His lifetime .639 winning percentage after the 2014–15 season was the best of any Cavaliers head coach in team history.
Blatt was born on May 22, 1959, in Boston, Massachusetts. He grew up in Framingham, Massachusetts. As a freshman he played junior varsity before becoming one of Framingham South's top players.

On August 19, 2019, he announced that he has Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, the most advanced form of the autoimmune disease.

References 

Basketball coaches
People with multiple sclerosis
Sportspeople from Boston
1959 births
Israeli basketball players
Jeremy Pargo is an American professional basketball player. He went to Gonzaga University. He plays for Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.

Memphis Grizzlies players
1986 births
Living people
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Sportspeople from Chicago
Eva Abu Halaweh (Arabic: إيفا أبو حلاوة), born 1975, is a Jordanian lawyer and human rights activist. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Eva works against honor killings. She also works against torture and abuse in the Jordanian prisons and police stations.

Work 

Eva has a bachelor's degree in law and a master’s degree in diplomacy. Eva had her own private law practice.  She also worked for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as a legal advisor.

Eva is the Executive Director of the Mizan Law Group for Human Rights. She helped start the organization.

Awards 

 International Women of Courage Award, 2011

Related pages
 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References

Other websites 

 Mizan Law Group ميزان القانون
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
Jordanian people
Human rights activists
Lawyers
1975 births
“Nirbhaya” (In Hindi, it means "the fearless one") was a 23-year-old physiotherapy student. On December 16, 2012, she was raped on a bus in Delhi, India. Because rape laws in India do not permit using a victim's name she was known only as "Nirbhaya". It is one of the many names the Indian media had given her. In 2013, “Nirbhaya” received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State, posthumously.

Life 
“Nirbhaya” was born into a working-class family.  Her dream was to be a doctor.  Her family spent their life savings so “Nirbhaya” could study medicine. She had just graduated from a physiotherapy program.
The attack 
On December 16, 2012, “Nirbhaya” was attacked on a bus. On the bus she and her male friend were beaten by six men. She was dragged to the back of the bus and repeatedly gang raped for over an hour. The bus driver drove all over Delhi while this was happening. She and her friend were left for dead at the side of the road. Police found them but no ambulance would come. Police took her to the hospital. She was taken into surgery.

The government of India, including Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, decided to move her to a Singapore hospital. Nirbhaya was in critical condition and on a ventilator. Doctors said there was no medical reason to move her. She was airlifted to  Mt. Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.

Two weeks after the attack, on December 29, 2012, she died. Before she died, she made two police statements in the hospital.  She said she wanted justice against the six attackers.
Aftermath 
“Nirbhaya”'s case started demonstrations and protests in India.  It also started changes in the laws about violence against women. The five men and the bus driver were identified and arrested. They were charged with kidnapping, rape and murder.

One of the men arrested committed suicide in prison. One, who was a teenager at the time, was given three years in a reformatory. That was the maximum allowed for a juvenile in India. The remaining four were given the death penalty. It was Nirbhaya's dying wish the men be  “burned alive”. Her parents, who had been demanding they hang, said they were satisfied by the sentences.In 2013, a year after her rape, there was a large increase in the number of persons arrested for rape. But the number of rapes had also risen sharply.

Related pages
2012 Delhi gang rape case

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Remembering Nirbhaya
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
2012 deaths
Indian activists
1989 births
A feature phone or a dumbphone is a type of mobile phone. The name "feature phone" usually means the phone cannot do things that a smartphone can do. Feature phones basically allow people to make phone calls and sent text messages, while a few may also be able to play multimedia and access the internet and other services offered by the user's wireless service provider.

Modern feature phones can have smartphone-like 3G connectivity, touchscreens, and access to popular social networking services. However, these phones do not support software made by other companies as much as smartphones—because of this, feature phones are also called dumb phones.

People often buy feature phones as they are cheaper than smartphones, especially in emerging markets. In the past few years, however, phone makers have begun to make and sell cheap smartphones for sale in places where high-end smartphones are not popular.
As a result, as of 2015, feature phones are now considered very low quality products.

References
References 

Mobile phones
The features of a production vehicle or production car are mass-produced identical models, offered for sale to the public. They must also be able to be legally driven on public roads ("street legal"). Legislation and other rules further define the production vehicle within particular countries or uses. There is no single worldwide definition of the term.

Origin
The term production car had come into use by about 1917 in the United States. The phrase was a shortened form of "mass-produced car". The phrase also meant the car was made in production, as opposed to a prototype.
There is no fixed definition of the number of vehicles or the amount of modification allowed outside of motorsports. There are no national regulations or laws that determine what is or is not a production vehicle. By 2011, the Guinness Book of Records listed the Bugatti Veyron as the world's fastest production car. But only five of this version were made. In 2013 their decision was appealed on the ground that the Bugatti was a modified versionGuinness upheld the appeal and initiated a review of their production car definition. The outcome of the review was that the Bugatti record was reinstated. Guinness were also reported in some sources as saying that at least 50 identical vehicles were needed to be made to constitute a production car. In February 2014, Road and Track wrote that Guinness required 30 identical vehicles.

Definitions

Motorsports
Motorsports

There have been many disputes over what makes production and modified cars when used in motorsports. Even under Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the exact definition of what was (or was not) a production car was unclear. This led to rules written in 1955. The term is defined for particular types of vehicles. It also means that a certain number of a model must be produced in order to qualify as "production". But it is another matter to enforce the rules. For example, the 1968 FIA rules state that "production" for sports cars need to have at least 25 identical cars produced within a 12-month period. They also were meant for normal sale to individual purchasers. However, FIA rules tend to allow a degree of modification from the original.
Land Speed Records
The FIA Land Speed Records Commission has regulations for series-production cars attempting land speed records under its 2014 Appendix D - Regulations for Land Speed Record Attempts. Series-production cars fall under rule D2.3.2. It says that they must be: Category B: Series-production Automobiles in production at the time of the application for the Record Attempt and either homologated by the FIA, or for which an application for homologation has been made to the FIA or recognised by the ASN of the country in which they are manufactured for National Records.
Legislation
Several countries have laws that define production vehicles. For example, in the United States Briggs Cunningham's business was classified as a hobby by tax officials. This was because he did not manufacture enough of each model for the Cunningham automobile to be considered a production vehicle. The IRS classified them as high-performance prototype automobiles built as racecars. Legislative definitions tend to revolve around issues of safety or revenue (taxation).

Modified cars
Some car tuning specialists such as Alpina who modify BMW's, are recognized as vehicle manufacturers by some governments. This brings them within the definition of a production vehicle in their country. Not all performance specialists are officially recognised. As a result their cars are not usually referred to as production vehicles.
Limited production cars
These are usually vehicles where the production run is restricted to a specific number of vehicles. An example of this is the 1957 Rambler Rebel, a limited-production car where only 1,500 were produced.

References

Other websites
Chicago Auto Show
Detroit Auto Show 
Dirty Diesel Customs

Automobiles
Manufacturing
GM Lambda platform is a car platform designed and used by General Motors. It is a full-size crossover platform. Lambda is based on the earlier GM Epsilon platform. The Lambda platform replaces GM's U minivan platform and the GMT360 SUV platform. This is used for the Chevrolet Malibu sedan and other similar models. The Lambda architecture is used by the Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook and GMC Acadia.

The Buick Enclave concept car was previewed at the 2006 North American International Auto Show. The Saturn Outlook was shown at the 2006 New York Auto Show. The 2007 Outlook and GMC Acadia went into production in late 2006. This was followed by the 2008 Enclave in mid-2007, and the 2009 Chevrolet Traverse in mid-2008.
Lambda vehicles feature easily accessible three-row seating.  They were supplied with the LY7 3.6-liter V6.  Starting with the 2009 model year all Lambda vehicles have GM LLT 3.6-liter gasoline direct injection engine for improved fuel efficiency, horsepower and torque. It is unlikely GM will offer a V8 engine for Lambda. The platform has been designed for front and all-wheel drive applications. Lambda is expected to be replaced by the new GM C1XX platform.

The lambda-based GM vehicles are now considered America's most American vehicle. Frank DuBois, of the Washington, DC-based American University created a new model for finding out which cars have the highest percentage of American-made parts and labor. His index shows the GM Lambda platform CUVs are the most "American made."

References 

General Motors
Car classifications
Perdiendo el norte'' is a 2015 Spanish comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Nacho G. Velilla, and starred by Yon González, Julián López and Blanca Suárez.

Plot 
Hugo and Braulio are two young students with their respective degrees, but they're unable to find any job or future due to economic crisis in Spain.

After seeing a TV-program about how a Spanish citizen is living in Germany they decide to move to Berlin. However, the things did not turn out as they had believed.

Cast 
 Yon González as Hugo
 Julián López as Braulio
 Blanca Suárez as Carla
 Úrsula Corberó as Nadia
 Javier Cámara as Próspero
 José Sacristán as Andrés
 Miki Esparbé as Rafa
 Carmen Machi as Benigna
 Malena Alterio as Marisol
 Alberto Chicote as Priest
 Arturo Valls as Spanish immigrant in Berlin interviewee on TV
 Arantxa Aranguren as Juana

References

Other websites
 
 Official website 

2015 comedy-drama movies
Spanish comedy movies
Spanish drama movies
Spanish-language movies
Casanovas is a dansband in Vadstena, Sweden. The band was started in 1989. In 1998 the band won the Svenska dansbandsmästerskapen contest.

Discography

Albums

Songs
1998: "Kärleken lever"
1999: "Minns du mig än"
2000: "I varje del av mitt hjärta"
2000: "Vem får din kärlek idag"
2001: "Om natten"
2002: "I dina ögon"
2002: "Låt drömmarna leva"

References

Other websites
Official website 

Dansbands
Musical groups established in 1989
Donnez is a dansband in Perstorp, Sweden. The band was started in the year 2000. In 2010 the band participated at  Dansbandskampen.

Discography

Albums

References

Other websites
Official website 
Facebook 
Last.fm 

Dansbands
Musical groups established in 2000
Chang Ch'ung-ho or Zhang Chonghe (; May 17, 1914 – June 17, 2015), also known by her married name Ch'ung-ho Chang Frankel, was a Chinese-American poet, calligrapher, educator and Kunqu opera singer. She was called as "the last talented woman of the Republic of China" ().

On June 17, 2015, Chang Ch'ung-ho died in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 101.

Related pages
List of Chinese writers

References

1914 births
2015 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Chinese educators
Chinese singers
Chinese writers
American poets
Educators from New Haven, Connecticut
American centenarians
People from Shanghai
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
Singers from Connecticut
Musicians from New Haven, Connecticut
William Joseph Devane (born September 5, 1939) is an American movie,  television and theater actor. He is best known for his roles as Greg Sumner on the primetime soap opera Knots Landing (1983–1993) and as John F. Kennedy in The Missiles of October (1974).

Other websites

1939 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York (state)
People from Albany, New York
Country rock is a subgenre of country music. It was formed by the wave of rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded rock records using country themes. They used vocal styles and additional instrumentation, in particular pedal steel guitar. Country rock began with Bob Dylan. It reached its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists like Emmylou Harris, the Eagles and The Doobie Brothers. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres. This included The Band, Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work. It also played a part in the development of Southern rock.

References

Rock music
Pierre Aubert (3 March 1927 – 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and former member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978–1987). He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1977 as member of the Social Democratic Party from the canton of Neuchâtel. He handed over office on 31 December 1987. He was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Canton of Neuchâtel.

Aubert died on 8 June 2016 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland at the age of 89.

Other websites

1927 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
People from La Chaux-de-Fonds
The Archivist of the United States is the chief official in charge of the National Archives and Records Administration. The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established as an independent federal agency by Congress.

Duties
The Archivist is appointed by the President and is responsible for safeguarding and making available for study all the permanently valuable records of the federal government, including the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights, which are displayed in the Archives' main building in Washington, D.C.

Archivists of the United States
The following is a list of Archivists of the United States

*Served first as Acting Archivist of the United States from Nov. 7, 1965, until his appointment as Archivist of the United States on January 16, 1966.

**Served first as Acting Archivist of the United States from March 10, 1968, until his appointment as Archivist of the United States on May 2, 1968.

References
References

Other websites
 Official website
 AOTUS Blog - from the "Collector in Chief"
 Archivists of the United States, 1934 – present
Jack W. Aeby (; August 16, 1923 – June 19, 2015) was an American environmental physicist and photographer. He is known for having taken the only well-exposed color photograph of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon on July 16, 1945 at the Trinity nuclear test site in New Mexico.

Other websites

Jack Aeby, Atom-Bomb Photographer  (MP3) on NPR's All Things Considered (July 15, 2005)
Jack Aeby exhibit  at the Los Alamos Historical Museum (photos), The Los Alamos Monitor

1923 births
2015 deaths
American photographers
American physicists
Scientists from Montana
William Brantley Aycock (October 24, 1915 – June 20, 2015) was an American educator. He served as chancellor of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1957 until 1964 and is the retired Kenan Professor of Law at the UNC School of Law. He was born in Lucama, North Carolina in 1915.

References

1915 births
2015 deaths
Academics from North Carolina
Esther Cornelia Brand (née van Heerden; 29 September 1922 – 20 June 2015) was a South African athlete. She was born in Springbok, Northern Cape. She competed in the high jump and won the gold medal for South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland. 

Brand died after a fall at the age of 92.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
South African Olympians
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
South African athletes
High jumpers
Northern Cape
Gunther Schuller (November 22, 1925June 21, 2015) was an American composer, conductor, horn player, author, historian, and jazz musician. He was born in New York City.

Schuller died on June 21, 2015 in Boston, Massachusetts from leukemia, aged 89.

References

Other websites
Pro Arte biography of Gunther Schuller 
GM Recordings Gunther Schuller's recording label
Art of the States: Gunther Schuller  Phantasmata (1989)
http://arts.endow.gov/av/video/2008jazzpanel/index.html 
Extensive Gunther Schuller interview
Two interviews with Gunther Schuller by Bruce Duffie (May 8, 1981 & October 15, 1988)

1925 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American historians
American composers
American conductors
American jazz musicians
Musicians from New York City
Writers from New York City
Anne Nicol Gaylor (November 25, 1926 – June 14, 2015) was an American atheist and reproductive rights advocate. She co-founded the Freedom from Religion Foundation and an abortion fund for Wisconsin women. She wrote the book Abortion Is a Blessing  and edited The World Famous Atheist Cookbook.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
American activists
Writers from Wisconsin
Chile women's national football team () represents Chile on the women's side in association football. It is controlled by ANFP and its member of CONMEBOL. Additionally, the team has qualified for FIFA Women's World Cup in 2019.

Tournament records

FIFA Women's World Cup

Related pages 
 Chile national football team

References 

Women's national football teams
Football in Chile
National sports teams of Chile
is a 2002 role-playing video game published by Nintendo and developed by Camelot Software Planning. It is the sequel to the 2001 video game Golden Sun and is the second game in the Golden Sun series. It was released for the Game Boy Advance and later for the Wii U Virtual Console. The Lost Age was released on June 28, 2002 in Japan, April 14, 2003 in North America, and on September 19, 2003 in Europe.

Reception
The game was given positive reviews:

IGN rated the game a 9 out of 10. Craig Harris of IGN said that they liked the more complicated puzzles that were added even though most of the mechanics in the game did not change. IGN named The Lost Age as their "Game of the Month" in April 2003. IGN ranked the game at #78 on their Readers Choice Top 100 games ever in 2006.

The Lost Age was also ranked at the 69th best game made on a Nintendo System by Nintendo Power in their "Top 200 Games" list.

References

Other websites

2002 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Golden Sun video game series
The Division of Northern Territory was an Australian Electoral Division in the Northern Territory from 1922 until 2001. During this time it was the only Division in the Territory.

The Division was set up in 1922, as a part of the Northern Territory Representation Act 1922. The Member for Northern Territory did not have full voting rights until 1968, and did not count for the purpose of forming government. Before 1936, the Member could speak in the House and take part in committee work, but could not vote. Between 1936 and 1959 the Member had limited voting on Territory laws. Between 1959 and 1968, the Member could only vote on laws that affected the Territory.

In December 2000, the Division was split into two new divisions, the Division of Solomon, which covered the area immediately around Darwin, and the Division of Lingiari, which covered the rest of the territory.
On 19 February 2003, the new Divisions were removed and a single Division was brought back. On 28 April 2004 the Commonwealth Electoral Amendment (Representation in the House of Representatives) Act 2004 had the effect of leaving the Northern Territory divided into two Divisions.

Members

References
 

Northern Territory
1922 establishments in Australia
2001 disestablishments
Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski (July 3, 1932 – June 21, 2015) was a East German politician and trader. He was born in Berlin. He was director of a main department ('Hauptverwaltungsleiter') in the Ministry for Foreign Trade and German Domestic Trade (1956–62), the Deputy Minister for External Trade (1967–75), and head of the GDR's Kommerzielle Koordinierung (KoKo, 1966–86). He was also a Stasi colonel.

Other websites

Biography 

1932 births
2015 deaths
German colonels
Politicians from Berlin
Politicians of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Stasi people
Heinrich Gottlob "Heiner" Rau (2 April 1899 – 23 March 1961) was a German communist politician during the time of the Weimar Republic. He was a leading member of the International Brigades, a  member of the Landtag of Prussia (1928-1933) and after World War II an East German statesman. He was the chairman of the German Economic Commission, the precursor to the East German government.

References

Other websites

1899 births
1961 deaths
German military personnel of World War I
Government ministers of East Germany
Holocaust survivors
Leaders of East Germany
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Members of the Volkskammer
Politicians from Stuttgart
Politicians of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Refugees from Nazism
Võ Nguyên Giáp (25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) was a general in the Vietnam People's Army and a politician. He fought during World War II, where he served as the military leader of the Viet Minh resistance against the Japanese occupation of Vietnam. 

Giap was a principal commander in two wars: the First Indochina War (1946–54) and the Vietnam War (1960–75). He fought in the following historically significant battles: Lạng Sơn (1950), Hòa Bình (1951–52), Điện Biên Phủ (1954), the Tết Offensive (1968), the Easter Offensive (1972), and the final Ho Chi Minh Campaign (1975).

Võ Nguyên Giáp was also a teacher and a journalist, an interior minister in President Hồ Chí Minh's Việt Minh government, the military commander of the Viet Minh, the commander of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), and defense minister. He also served as a member of the Politburo of the Vietnam Workers' Party, which in 1976 became the Communist Party of Vietnam.
On 4 October 2013 Võ Nguyên Giáp died in Hanoi at the age of 102. He was given a state funeral on 12 and 13 October 2013 and his body lay in state at the national morgue in Hanoi until his burial at the Vũng Chùa - Đảo Yến in his home province of Quảng Bình.

On 8 February 2015, Nhat Tan - Noi Bai freeway renamed to Vo Nguyen Giap street in Dong Anh and Soc Son, Hanoi

On 9 March 2021, Ho Chi Minh City named Vo Nguyen Giap street in Thu Duc city

References

Other websites

 General Giap Biography
 National Liberation Front
 General Vo Nguyen Giap – Asian Hero 
 Vo Nguyen Giap's interview – PBS
 Bibliography: Writings of Vo Nguyen Giap, and Books about Him
 Vo Nguyen Giap on Britannica
 General History
Booknotes interview with Peter MacDonald on Giap: The Victor in Vietnam, 29 August 1993. 
 Brief tribute with 5 selected photos
1911 births
2013 deaths
Centenarians
Vietnamese communist politicians
Vietnamese generals
Government ministers
Journalists
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Military personnel of World War II
Teachers
A duma is a Russian assembly.

Duma may also mean:

State Duma
Duma (genus)
Lucie Samuel (29 June 1912 – 14 March 2007), born Lucie Bernard, and better known as Lucie Aubrac, was a French history teacher. She was a member of the French Resistance during World War II.

Aubrac died in Issy-les-Moulineaux, near Paris, on 14 March 2007, aged 94. She was survived by her three children and her husband, Raymond Aubrac.

Other websites

 Guardian obituary, 16 March 2007
 

1912 births
2007 deaths
French teachers
French people of World War II‎
Raymond Aubrac (31 July 1914 – 10 April 2012) was a French engineer and leader. He was the leader of the French Resistance during the Second World War and a civil engineer after the Second World War.

Other websites

1914 births
2012 deaths
French engineers
French people of World War II
People from Haute-Saône
Civil engineers
Laura Antonelli (28 November 1941 – 22 June 2015) was an Italian movie and television actress. She appeared in 45 movies between 1965 and 1991. Her most movies were Malicious, Till Marriage Do Us Part, and The Innocent.

Antonelli died on 22 June 2015 in Rome from a heart attack, aged 73.

References

Other websites

 
 MySpace Tribute Page 
 "Divina Creatura" – Tribute to Laura Antonelli

1941 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Actors from Rome
Kristine Marie Lilly Heavey (born July 22, 1971), née Kristine Marie Lilly, is a retired American soccer player. She last played professionally for Boston Breakers in Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). She was a member of the United States women's national soccer team for 24 years. Lilly has won two World Cup Championships. She is twice an Olympic gold medalist (1996 and 2004) and won an Olympic silver medal (2000). Lilly is the most capped soccer player in the history of the sport. No other women's or men's player has done this. She gained her 352nd and final cap against Mexico in a World Cup qualifier in November 2010. Lilly scored 130 goals for the United States women's national team. This placed her behind Mia Hamm's 158 goals and Abby Wambach's ongoing tally of 182. On Feb. 14, 2015, Kristine Lilly was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

References 

American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
1971 births
Living people
Le Petit Ballon (The Little Balloon) is one of the highest peaks of the Vosges Mountains in Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France. Its height is  above sea level.

Mountains of France
Haut-Rhin
Posadas is the capital city of the Misiones Province in Argentina. In 2012, about 344,833 people lived in the city area.

Other websites 
 Municipality of Posadas - Official website 
 Posadas Information

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Misiones Province
The Banu Sulaym () was a group of Nomadic Arabs. In the 11th century they migrated from Upper Egypt into what is now Tunisia and eastern Algeria. They defeated the Berbers.

History 
Oral tradition says that the tribe would have left Arabia to go to Egypt. According to their legend they rebelled against the Caliph of Baghdad in the second half of the 10th century. In 1049, when the Zirid ruler of Tunisia rebelled against Egypt, nomads were sent to punish them. Ibn Khaldun, an early Tunisian historian, said they were like "a cloud of locusts" when they invaded Tunisia. The Arab poets told of their many conquests as they moved west. They were defeated in a series of battles during the 12th century by the Moroccan dynasty. Even though it was an oral history, they were a real tribe. They did come from the Arabian Peninsula. They did control much of North Africa for over a century. They were mostly installed in the south of Tunisia and Libya as well as a minority in the south of Algeria and the Moroccan plains.
Further reading 
 Almsaodi, Abdulaziz. Modern history of Yemen

References

Other websites
 Power and Interest News Report 

History of Africa
History of Algeria
History of Tunisia
History of Egypt
The Maqil () were an Arabian nomadic tribe.  In the 11th century they migrated from Yemen into what is now the Sahara Desert and Morocco. They mainly settled near forests and oases.

Despite their originally small number (less than 200), they were later involved in fighting a dynasty of Sunni Muslims. They also brought change to the culture of these regions, and a new language.

Genealogy 
They descend from Yoktan son of Eber, father of the Hebrews and coming from the line of Seth, son of Adam.
History 
The exact origin of the Maqil tribe is unknown. They claimed for themselves a prestigious Banu Hashim descent from Jaafar ibn Abi Talib, son of Abu Talib and brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Arabian genealogists categorized them as Hilalians. Ibn Khaldun wrote that both of these versions are false, since the Banu Hashim lived in urban cities and were not nomadic nor ever wandered in desert wolds. He added that the Maqil is a name only found in Yemen.
 
Ibn Khaldun speculated that they were likely an Arab nomadic group from Yemen, and this is supported by bn al-Kalbi and Ibn Said.

Further reading 
 Almsaodi, Abdulaziz. Modern history of Yemen

References 

History of Africa
Yemen
Semitic peoples
11th-century people
Nomadic people
Sir Henry Morton Stanley GCB (born John Rowlands; 28 January 1841 – 10 May 1904) was a Welsh journalist and explorer. He was famous for his exploration of central Africa, and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone.

When he found Livingstone, Stanley reportedly asked, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" Stanley is also known for his search for the source of the Nile, his work in the Congo Basin, and for commanding the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition.

Stanley's expeditions are known for the cruelty and murders of Africans. He has the highest kill rate among Africa's explorers. Despite this, he was highly admired and supported by British and Belgian monarchies and knighted in 1899.

Stanley was MP for Lambeth North from 1895-1900.

Early life 
Stanley never knew his father, and was abandoned by his mother after birth. His birth certificate describes him as John Rowlands, a bastard. The stigma of illegitimacy weighed heavily upon him all his life.
In New Orleans he renamed himself as Henry Morgan Stanley, joined the Confederate States Army and was captured. He joined the Union Army and later the Union Navy.

Finding Livingstone 
In 1869, Stanley was instructed by the New York Herald to find the Scottish missionary and explorer David Livingstone, who was known to be in Africa but had not been heard from for some time. According to Stanley's account, he asked how much he could spend. The reply was "Draw £1,000 now, and when you have gone through that, draw another £1,000, and when that is spent, draw another £1,000, and when you have finished that, draw another £1,000, and so on — BUT FIND LIVINGSTONE!" Stanley had lobbied his employer for several years to mount this expedition.
Stanley found Livingstone on 10 November 1871, in Ujiji near Lake Tanganyika in present-day Tanzania. He may have greeted him with the now-famous line, "Doctor Livingstone, I presume?" It may also have been a fabrication, as Stanley tore out of his diary the pages relating to the encounter.

Researching the Congo River
In 1874, the New York Herald, in partnership with Britain's Daily Telegraph, financed Stanley on another expedition to the African continent. One of his missions was to solve a last great mystery of Africa by tracing the course of the Congo River to the sea. The difficulty of this expedition is hard to overstate. Stanley used sectional boats to pass the great cataracts that separated the Congo into distinct tracts. The boats had to be taken apart and transported around the rapids before being rebuilt to travel on the next section of river. After 999 days, on 9 August 1877, Stanley reached the Portuguese outpost of Boma, around 100 km from the mouth of the Congo River. Starting with 356 people, he reached Boma with 114 survivors, and he was the only European left. He wrote about his trials in his book Through the Dark Continent.

Claiming the Congo for the Belgian king
Stanley was approached by King Leopold II of the Belgians, the ambitious Belgian monarch. In 1876 the king organized a private holding company disguised as an international scientific and philanthropic (goodwill) association. He called it the International African Association.

The King spoke of his intentions to introduce Western civilization and bring religion to that part of Africa. He did not mention he wanted to claim the lands. At the end of his life, the King was embittered that his establishment of a Congo Free State was spoilt by its unscrupulous government. Also, the spread of sleeping sickness across central Africa may have been caused by the movements of Stanley's enormous baggage train, and the Emin Pasha relief expedition.
Emin Pasha Relief Expedition 
In 1886, Stanley led the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition to "rescue" Emin Pasha, the governor of Equatoria in the southern Sudan. King Leopold II demanded that Stanley take the longer route, via the Congo River. He hoped to get more territory. After immense hardships and great loss of life, Stanley met Emin in 1888, charted the Ruwenzori Range and Lake Edward, and emerged from the interior with Emin and his surviving followers at the end of 1890.

This expedition tarnished Stanley's name because of the conduct of the other Europeans: British gentlemen and army officers. An army major was shot by a carrier, after he behaved with extreme cruelty. James Sligo Jameson, heir to Jameson's, an Irish whiskey manufacturer, bought an 11-year-old girl and offered her to cannibals to document and sketch how she was cooked and eaten. Stanley found out only when Jameson had died of fever.

References
References 

1841 births
1904 deaths
British explorers
Welsh journalists
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
19th century in Africa
In November 2010 the Azerbaijani carpet was made a "Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage" by UNESCO.

Tradition

The rugs have unique patterns with characteristics of Azerbaijan's carpet-making regions. These carpets are used to cover floors, decorate interior walls, sofas, chairs, beds and tables.

Carpet making is a Azeri family tradition, carpet making and rug making is solely a women's occupation. In the past, every young girl had to learn the art of weaving carpets. If a son of a family is newly married, it was his mother who wove a large rug for his new household. Traditionally, men sheared the sheep in the spring and autumn, while women dyed the yarn in the spring, summer and autumn.

Related pages
 Azerbaijan Carpet Museum

References

Other websites

Carpet