Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1901  2000 
 1904 - Sami Frasheri, Albanian writer (b. 1850)
 1906 – Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, German philosopher (b. 1842)
 1910 - O. Henry, American author (b. 1862)
 1916 – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal (b. 1850)
 1921 - Georges Feydeau, French playwright (b. 1862)
 1930 - Pascin, Bulgarian painter (b. 1885)
 1947 - Nils Olof Chrisander, Swedish actor and director (b. 1884)
 1967 - Arthur Biram, Israeli philologist, philosopher and educator (b. 1878)
 1975 - Paul Keres, Estonian painter (b. 1916)
 1979 - Heinz Erhardt, German actor and comedian (b. 1909)
 1991 - Heo Jong-suk, Korean writer, poet, journalist and Communist activist (b. 1902)
 1993 – Conway Twitty, American musician (b. 1933)
 1998 - Jeanette Nolan, American actress (b. 1911)
 1998 - Sam Yorty, 37th Mayor of Los Angeles, California (b. 1909)
 1999 - Mel Tormé, American jazz musician (b. 1925)
 2000 - Don Liddle, American baseball player (b. 1925)
From 2001 
 2001 - Pedro Lain Estralgo, Spanish medical researcher (b. 1908)
 2002 – Dee Dee Ramone, American musician (The Ramones) (b. 1951)
 2003 - Juergen Moellemann, German politician (b. 1944)
 2003 - Manuel Rosenthal, French composer and conductor (b. 1904)
 2004 – Ronald Reagan, American actor and politician, 40th President of the United States (b. 1911)
 2007 – Povel Ramel, Swedish entertainer (b. 1922)
 2008 - Eugenio Montejo, Venezuelan poet (b. 1938)
 2012 - Barry Unsworth, British author (b. 1930)
 2012 - Ray Bradbury, American writer (b. 1920)
 2013 - Stanislaw Nagy, Polish cardinal (b. 1921)
 2014 - Reiulf Steen, Norwegian politician and diplomat (b. 1933)
 2014 - Don Davis, American musician, songwriter and producer (b. 1938)
 2015 - Alan Bond, Australian businessman (b. 1938)
 2015 - Jerry Collins, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1980)
 2015 - Tariq Aziz, Iraqi politician (b. 1936)
 2015 - Jane Briggs Hart, American aviator (b. 1921)
 2015 - Sadun Boro, Turkish sailor (b. 1928)
2015 - Giacomo Furia, Italian actor (b. 1925)
 2015 - Kazuo Chiba, Japanese Aikido teacher (b. 1940)
 2016 - Manohar Aich, Indian bodybuilder (b. 1914)
 2016 - Gianluca Buonanno, Italian politician (b. 1966)
 2016 - Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (b. 1915)
 2016 - Jarbas Passarinho, Brazilian politician (b. 1920)
 2017 - Kathryn Stripling Byer, American poet (b. 1944)
 2017 - Andy Cunningham, British magician, puppeteer and actor (b. 1950)
 2017 - Helen Dunmore, British writer (b. 1952)
 2017 - Marilyn Hall, Canadian-born American television producer and philanthropist (b. 1927)
 2017 - Giuliano Sarti, Italian footballer (b. 1933)
 2017 - Cheick Tioté, Ivorian footballer (b. 1986)
 2018 - Brian Browne, Canadian jazz pianist and composer (b. 1937)
 2018 - Pierre Carniti, Italian politician and trade unionist (b. 1936)
 2018 - Denman, Irish-bred racehorse (b. 2000)
 2018 - Feng Ting-kuo, Taiwanese politician (b. 1990)
 2018 - Kate Spade, American fashion designer (b. 1962)
Observances 
 Constitution Day (Denmark)
 World Environment Day
 Arbor Day (New Zealand)
 Liberation Day (Seychelles)

June 05
Up to 1900 
 1472 – Orkney and Shetland are annexed to the crown of Scotland.
 1547 – Edward VI of England is crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.
 1724 – The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London.
 1725 – The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony.
 1792 – The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office Department, is signed by President George Washington.
 1798 - Louis-Alexandre Berthier removes Pope Pius VI from power.
 1799 - The Blackbrook Reservoir in Leicestershire, England, breaks.
 1810 – Andreas Hofer, Tyrolean patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon's forces, was executed.
 1816 – Gioachino Rossini's The Barber of Seville debuts at Teatro Argentina, with a fiasco.
 1835 – Concepción, Chile is destroyed by an earthquake
 1846 - Polish insurgents lead an uprising in Krakow to incite a fight for independence.
1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Olustee takes place in Florida.
 1865 - The Uruguayan War ends.
 1872 – In New York City the Metropolitan Museum of Art opens.
 1873 – The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco, California.
 1877 - Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake is first performed at the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow.
 1878 - Pope Leo XIII is elected.
1901  2000 
 1901 – The legislature of Hawaii Territory convenes for the first time.
 1909 - The Futurist Manifesto is published by the French journalist Le Figaro.
 1913 – King O'Malley drives in the first survey peg to mark commencement of work on the construction of Canberra.
 1915 - The "Panama-Pacific International Exhibition", a World's Fair, is held in San Francisco, to show the city's recovery from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
 1919 - Emir of Afghanistan Habibullah Khan is murdered during a hunting trip.
 1921 – The movie The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, starring Rudolph Valentino, premieres.
 1929 - American Samoa becomes a US Territory.
 1931 – California gets the go-ahead by the United States Congress to build the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
 1933 - United States Congress proposes the 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution, which will end Alcohol Prohibition.
 1935 - Caroline Mikkelsen becomes the first woman to set foot on the continent of Antarctica.
1942 – Lieutenant Edward O'Hare becomes America's first World War II flying ace.
 1943 – American movie studio executives agree to allow the Office of War Information to censor movies.
 1943 – The Paricutín volcano begins to form in Paricutín, México.
 1944 – World War II: "Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on Nazi aircraft manufacturing centers.
 1944 – World War II: The United States takes Eniwetok Island.
 1952 – Emmett L. Ashford becomes the first African-American umpire in organized baseball by being authorized to be a substitute umpire in the Southwestern International League.
 1952 – The movie The African Queen opens at the Capitol Theatre in New York City.
 1959 – The Avro Arrow programme to design and manufacture supersonic jet fighters in Canada is cancelled by the Diefenbaker government amid much political debate.
 1962 – Mercury program: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn orbits the Earth three times in 4 hours, 55 minutes, becoming the first American to do so.
1965 – Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.
 1974 – Science fiction writer Philip K. Dick claims he began experiencing intense gnostic visions on this date.
 1976 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) disbands.
 1978 - The last Order of Victory is given to Leonid Brezhnev.
 1986 - Silvio Berlusconi takes over AC Milan.
 1987 – Unabomber: In Salt Lake City, in the USA, a bomb explodes in a computer store.
 1988 - Nagorno Karabakh votes to separate from Azerbaijan and join Armenia. War breaks out soon after.
 1989 - An IRA bomb destroys a section of the British Army Barracks at Ternhill, England.
 1991 - The giant statue of Albanian leader Enver Hoxha is brought down in Tirana by protestors.
 1992 – Ross Perot announces his intention to run in the 1992 U.S. presidential election on CNN's Larry King Live.
1992 – The FA Premier League is formed and takes over as the professional league in England from season 1992–93.
 1993 - New Scientist magazine reports the discovery of the youngest-observed star. Named VLA 1623, it is around 10,000 years old.
 1998 – The afternoon newspaper Nashville Banner publishes its final edition.
From 2001 
 2001 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested and charged with spying for Russia for 15 years.
 2002 – In Reqa Al-Gharbiya, Egypt, a fire on a train injures over 65 and kills at least 370.
 2003 – In Rhode Island, USA, The Station nightclub fire kills about 100 and injures over 200.
 2005 – Spain becomes the first country to vote in a referendum on ratification of the proposed Constitution of the European Union, passing it by a substantial margin, but on a low turnout.
 2005 – Jeff Gordon wins his third Daytona 500.
 2010 – Floods and mudslides hit the Portuguese island of Madeira, killing 43 people.
 2013 - Kepler-37b, the smallest-known planet outside the Solar System, is discovered.
 2014 - After several people had been killed during clashes two days earlier, protests in Kiev, Ukraine, erupt into violence again, with at least 20 people reported to have been killed. The EU imposes sanctions on Ukraine later the same day.
Up to 1900 
 1469 – Thomas Cajetan, Italian cardinal (d. 1534)
 1631 – Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (d. 1712)
 1633 - Jan de Caen, Dutch portrait painter (d. 1702)
 1726 - William Prescott, American Revolutionary colonel (d. 1795)
 1753 - Louis-Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (d. 1815)
 1759 – Johann Christian Reil, German physician (d. 1813)
 1794 – William Carleton, Irish novelist (d. 1869)
 1802 – Charles Auguste de Bériot, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1870)
 1811 - Henry Hastings Sibley, American politician (d. 1891)
 1815 - Louis Le Chatelier, French engineer and chemist (d. 1873)
 1819 – Alfred Escher, Swiss politician and railroad entrepreneur (d. 1882)
 1829 - Antonio Guzman Blanco, President of Venezuela (d. 1899)
 1839 – Benjamin Waugh, British social reformer (d. 1908)
 1844 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (d. 1906)
 1844 – Joshua Slocum, Canadian seaman and adventurer (d. 1909)
 1848 - Edward Henry Harriman, American railroad executive (d. 1909)
1860 - Karl Mantzius, Danish theatre and movie actor, director and writer (d. 1921)
 1866 - Carl Westman, Swedish architect and designer (d. 1936)
 1867 – Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (d. 1931)
 1874 - Mary Garden, Scottish operatic soprano (d. 1967)
 1879 - Hod Stuart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1907)
 1881 - Dora Altmann, German actress (d. 1971)
 1882 - Elie Nadelman, Polish-born American sculptor (d. 1946)
 1886 – Béla Kun, Hungarian politician (d. 1939)
 1887 – Vincent Massey, Governor-General of Canada (d. 1967)
 1888 - Georges Bernanos, French soldier and writer (d. 1948)
 1898 – Jimmy Yancey, American musician (d. 1951)
 1899 – Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, American businessman (d. 1992)
 1900 - Maryam Jinnah, second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (d. 1929)
1901  1950 
 1901 – Muhammad Naguib, 1st President of Egypt (d. 1984)
 1901 – René Dubos, French microbiologist (d. 1982)
 1901 - Louis Kahn, American architect (d. 1974)
 1902 – Ansel Adams, American photographer (d. 1984)
 1904 – Alexei Kosygin, Soviet Premier (d. 1980)
 1906 - Gale Gordon, American television and radio actor (d. 1995)
 1909 – Heinz Erhardt, German comedian, entertainer and actor (d. 1979)
 1912 - Muriel Humphrey Brown, United States Senator and Second Lady of the United States (d. 1998)
 1914 - John Charles Daly, American broadcaster (d. 1991)
 1916 - Jean Erdman, American dancer and choreographer
 1917 - Juan Vicente Torrealba, Venezuelan musician and composer
 1918 – Leonore Annenberg, American billionaire (d. 2009)
 1920 - Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 1948)
 1920 - Karl Albrecht, German businessman (Aldi Süd) (d. 2014) 
 1923 – Forbes Burnham, 1st Prime Minister and 3rd President of Guyana (d. 1985)
1923 - Victor G. Atiyeh, 32nd Governor of Oregon (d. 2014)
 1924 - Gloria Vanderbilt, American socialite and clothing designer (d. 2019)
 1925 - Tochinishiki Kiyotaka, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1990)
 1925 – Robert Altman, American movie director (d. 2006)
 1926 - Richard Matheson, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (d. 2013)
 1926 - Bob Richards, American pole vaulter
 1926 - Alfonso Sastre, Spanish playwright, essayist and critic
 1926 - Ken Olsen, American engineer (d. 2011)
 1926 - Philip S. Goodman, American screenwriter, producer and director (d. 2015)
 1927 – Sidney Poitier, American-Bahamian actor, director and diplomat
 1927 – Ibrahim Ferrer, Cuban musician (d. 2005)
 1928 - Jean Kennedy Smith, American diplomat and sister of John F. Kennedy
 1929 - Eduardo Mac Entyre, Argentine artist (d. 2014)
 1929 - Toshiro Mayuzumi, Japanese composer (d. 1997)
 1930 – Willie Cunningham, Northern Irish footballer (d. 2007)
 1930 - Ken Jones, English actor (d. 2014)
1930 - Gianfranco Parolini, Italian movie director and screenwriter
 1931 - John Milnor, American mathematician
 1936 - Shigeo Nagashima, Japanese baseball player and coach
 1936 – Larry Hovis, American actor (d. 2003)
 1937 – Robert Huber, German chemist
 1937 - Roger Penske, American racing driver and entrepreneur
 1937 - Nancy Wilson, American singer and actress
 1940 – Jimmy Greaves, English footballer
 1941 - Giuseppe Arzilli, Sammarinese politician
 1941 – Buffy Sainte-Marie, Canadian musician
 1942 – Phil Esposito, Canadian ice hockey player
 1942 – Mitch McConnell, American politician
 1942 - Claude Miller, French movie director and screenwriter (d. 2012)
 1943 - Mike Leigh, English writer and director
 1944 – Willem van Hanegem, Dutch footballer
 1944 – Lew Soloff, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2015)
 1945 – Annu Kapoor, Indian actor
 1945 - George F. Smoot, American astrophysicist
 1945 - Henry Polic II, American actor (d. 2013)
 1946 – Brenda Blethyn, British actress
1946 - Richard Cocciante, French-Italian singer and songwriter
 1946 - Sandy Duncan, American singer and actress
 1947 – Eggert Magnusson, Icelandic businessman
 1947 – Peter Osgood, English footballer (d. 2006)
 1948 – Christopher A. Pissarides, Cypriot-British economist
 1948 - Pierre Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player
 1949 – Ivana Trump, Czech-American socialite (d. 2022)
 1950 – Walter Becker, American guitarist
1951  1975 
 1951 – Gordon Brown, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 1951 - Randy California, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1997)
 1952 - Abdala Bucaram, former President of Ecuador
 1953 – Poison Ivy, American musician
 1953 - Riccardo Chailly, Italian conductor
 1954 – Anthony Head, British actor
 1954 – Patty Hearst, American heiress
 1954 - Jon Brant, American musician
 1960 – Kee Marcello, Swedish guitarist
 1960 - Joel Hodgson, American comedian
 1961 – Imogen Stubbs, British actress
 1961 – Ion Geolgau, Romanian footballer
 1962 - Pierre Quinon, French pole vaulter (d. 2011)
 1962 - Atul Chitnis, German-Indian technician (d. 2013)
 1963 – Ian Brown, British singer (The Stone Roses)
 1963 - Charles Barkley, American basketball player
 1963 - Joakim Nyström, Swedish tennis player
 1964 - Rudi Garcia, French footballer
 1966 – Cindy Crawford, American model
 1966 - Dannis Mitchell, American athlete
 1967 – Kurt Cobain, American rock musician (Nirvana) (d. 1994)
1967 - Kath Soucie, American voice, film, stage and television actress
 1967 - Lili Taylor, American actress
 1968 - Ted Hankey, English darts player
 1969 - Kaiji Takayama, Japanese professional wrestler
 1969 - Sinisa Mihajlovic, Serbian footballer
 1969 - Danis Tanovic, Bosnian movie director and screenwriter
 1971 – Jari Litmanen, Finnish footballer
 1971 - Joost van der Westhuizen, South African rugby player (d. 2017)
 1971 - Shawn McKenzie, American programmer
 1971 - Calpernia Addams, American writer, actress, activist and musician
 1972 - Brent Gretzky, Canadian ice hockey player
 1972 - Neil Primrose, Scottish musician (Travis)
 1973 – Kimberley Davis, Australian actress
 1974 - Karim Bagheri, Iranian footballer
 1975 - Nicolas Wallin, Swedish ice hockey player
 1975 – Brian Littrell, American singer (Backstreet Boys)
From 1976 
 1977 – Ed Graham, British drummer (The Darkness)
 1978 – Lauren Ambrose, American actress
 1978 - Jay Hernandez, American actor
 1980 – Imanol Harinordoquy, French rugby player
 1980 – Arthur Abraham, Armenian-German boxer
 1980 – Artur Boruc, Polish footballer
 1980 - Luis Gabriel Rey, Colombian footballer
 1981 – Tony Hibbert, English footballer
 1981 - Elisabeth Görgl, Austrian skier
 1982 - Jason Hirsh, American baseball player
 1983 - Justin Verlander, American baseball player
 1984 - Trevor Noah, South African comedian and television host
 1984 - Ramzee Robinson, American basketball player
 1985 – Yulia Volkova, Russian singer
 1986 - Diego Reis, Brazilian footballer
 1987 - Miles Teller, American actor
 1988 - Jiah Khan, Indian actress (d. 2013)
 1988 – Rihanna, Barbadian singer and actress
 1990 - Ciro Immobile, Italian footballer
 1991 - Antonio Pedroza, English-Mexican footballer  
 2014 - Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland, Swedish royal

Deaths
Up to 1900 
 702 - K'inich Kan B'Alam II, King of the Mayan city of Palenque (b. 635)
 1154 - Wulfric of Haselbury, English saint (b. 1080)
 1171 - Conan IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1138)
 1194 – King Tancred of Sicily (b. 1138)
 1408 – Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English politician (b. 1342)
 1431 – Pope Martin V (b. 1368)
 1513 – John, King of Denmark (b. 1455)
 1618 – Philip William, Prince of Orange (b. 1554)
 1762 – Tobias Mayer, German astronomer (b. 1723)
 1771 – Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Marain, French geophysicist (b. 1678)
 1773 – King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (b. 1701)
 1778 - Laura Bassi, Italian scholar (b. 1711)
 1790 – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1741)
 1799 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician (b. 1733)
 1803 – Marie Dumesnil, French actress (b. 1713)
 1806 - Lachlan McIntosh, Scottish-American military and political leader (b. 1725)
 1810 – Andreas Hofer, Tyrolian patriot (b. 1767)
 1871 – Paul Kane, Canadian painter (b. 1810)
1893 - P. G. T. Beauregard, American general (b. 1818)
 1895 – Frederick Douglass, American abolitionist (b. 1817)
1901  2000 
 1907 – Henri Moissan, French chemist (b. 1852)
 1910 - Boutros Ghali, Egyptian politician (b. 1846)
 1916 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist (b. 1844)
 1919 – Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1872)
 1920 – Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer (b. 1856)
 1920 – Jacinta Marto, Portuguese religious figure (b. 1910)
 1929 - Maryam Jinnah, second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (b. 1900)
 1948 - Robert P. Lamont, 5th United States Secretary of Commerce (b. 1867)
 1952 - Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, President of Ecuador (b. 1888)
 1961 – Percy Grainger, Australian composer (b. 1882)
 1963 - Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian conductor (b. 1914)
 1963 - Jacob Gade, Danish composer (b. 1879)
 1965 – Fred Immler, German actor (b. 1880)
 1966 – Chester W. Nimitz, American admiral (b. 1885)
 1968 - Anthony Asquith, British movie director and writer (b. 1902)
 1969 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (b. 1883)
 1970 - Sophie Treadwell, American playwright and journalist (b. 1885)
1972 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German physicist (b. 1906)
 1972 - Walter Winchell, American journalist (b. 1897)
 1976 – René Cassin, French judge (b. 1887)
 1982 – René Dubos, French microbiologist (b. 1901)
 1992 - Dick York, American actor (b. 1928)
 1993 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (b. 1916)
 1996 – Solomon Asch, American psychologist (b. 1907)
 1999 – Sarah Kane, English playwright (b. 1971)
 2000 - Anatoly Sobchak, Russian politician (b. 1937)
From 2001 
 2003 - Orville Freeman, 29th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1918)
 2005 – Hunter S. Thompson, American writer (b. 1937)
 2007 – Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter (b. 1913)
 2007 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (b. 1930)
 2010 – Alexander Haig, American politician (b. 1924)
 2012 – Vitaly Vorotnikov, Soviet-Russian politician (b. 1926)
 2012 - Katie Hall, American politician (b. 1938)
 2012 - Sullivan Walker, American actor (b. 1939)
 2013 - Antonio Roma, Argentine footballer (b. 1932)
 2014 - Walter D. Ehlers, American soldier (b. 1921)
 2014 - Rafael Addiego Bruno, Uruguayan jurist and politician (b. 1923)
 2014 - Garrick Utley, American television journalist (b. 1939)
 2014 - Reghu Kumar, Indian composer (b. 1953)
 2014 - Tea Ista, Finnish actress (b. 1932)
 2014 - Cuthbert A. Pattillo, American air force general (b. 1924)
 2015 - Henry Segerstrom, American politician (b. 1923)
 2016 - Fernando Cardenal, Nicaraguan priest and politician (b. 1934)
2016 - Ove Verner Hansen, Danish actor and opera singer (b. 1932)
 2016 - Nando Yosu, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1939)
 2017 - Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat (b. 1952)
 2017 - Mildred Dresselhaus, American scientist (b. 1930)
Observances 
 World Day of Social Justice
 Rihanna Day (Barbados)

Days of the year
David Eric "Dave" Grohl (born January 14, 1969) is an American rock musician and singer. He is best known as the lead singer, occasionally drummer, and guitarist of rock band Foo Fighters and the drummer of the grunge band Nirvana from 1990 to 1994. He has also been part of thirty different bands in his life, including one from the 1980s called Scream.  Other bands he has played in include Nine Inch Nails and Tenacious D.

Biography

Early life 
Dave Grohl lived most of his early life in Springfield, Virginia. He played in many local punk bands, on guitar. By 15 years old he was a drummer in the hardcore punk band, Scream. Scream toured all over the United States and Europe but broke up in 1989. After they broke up he tried out to be a drummer in a small band called Nirvana.

Nirvana
Nirvana 

Grohl joined Nirvana in 1990, along with Krist Novoselic and Kurt Cobain. They went on to be one of the most successful bands of the decade, selling over 50 million albums worldwide. Grohl joined shortly before the release of Nevermind. Nevermind proved to be a classic album, one that is still a big influence on the alternative metal and alternative rock scene. The band only recorded one more studio album though, In Utero in 1993. On April 8, 1994, Kurt Cobain's body was found at his home in Seattle. He had shot himself in the head with a shotgun. This event ended Nirvana and Grohl started his own band Foo Fighters in 1995.

Foo Fighters 

The original Foo Fighters album was recorded entirely by Grohl himself. He recorded the parts for each instrument one at a time and then combined them. Foo Fighters are now a multi Grammy Award winning rock band and sell out huge arenas when they are on tour.

References
References

1969 births
American punk musicians
American rock drummers
American rock guitarists
Living people
Musicians from Ohio
Musicians from Virginia
Nirvana members
Nine Inch Nails
1740 was a leap year.

Events 
 God Save the Queen first performed.
 Madame Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve writes and publishes the folk story Beauty and the Beast.
An embryo is the earliest stage in the development of a fertilised egg (the zygote). It is the term used for any animal or plant, from the first cell division until birth, or hatching, or germination in plants.

In humans, it is called an embryo until about eight weeks after fertilization, and from then until birth it is called a foetus (US: fetus).

The development of the embryo is called embryogenesis, and the study of embryos is called embryology. The development of an embryo passes through various stages: the blastula, a hollow ball of cells; the gastrula, migration of cells; morphogenesis; tissue differentiation, and so on.

In organisms that reproduce sexually, once a sperm fertilizes an egg cell, the result is a cell called the zygote, which has DNA from each of the two parents. In plants, animals, and some protists, the zygote divides by mitosis to produce an  embryo.

Related pages 
Developmental biology

References 

Biological reproduction
Developmental biology

he:עובר#התפתחות עובר האדם
WordPad is a word processor application. It is made by Microsoft. WordPad is a basic word processor. It has simple formatting functions. The software comes free with Microsoft Windows operating systems. WordPad is similar to Notepad but lets the user format text, something users cannot do in Notepad. However, WordPad is very basic compared to normal word processors like Microsoft Word or OpenOffice Writer. Wordpad saves documents in Rich Text Format, unlike Notepad's use of simple text files, allowing users to change the alignment and color of the font, and add things like bullets and font effects.

Word processors
Microsoft Paint, also called MS Paint or simply Paint is a computer program made by Microsoft. It allows people to create picture files as well as edit picture files saved on their computer. Microsoft Paint is also a program for adding texts to images saved on a computer. There are various tools to help people edit photos, including:
 the paint bucket 
 pencils
 spray can
 eraser
 line and curved line tools
 multiple shape tools
 text tool
 cut out tool 

The program has a color palette displayed on the bottom left of the screen, as well as an "Edit Colors..." menu, allowing users to create all the shades they need.

Using the selection tools (the 2 tools at the top if the tools bar), users can select all or part of an image and then cut, copy, delete and paste it.
Many digital artists or editors prefer programs like Photoshop, but many on a tighter budget or with less time on their hands use Paint. Because of this, there are many Internet tutorials to help enhance the creative skill of every Microsoft Painter.

References 

Microsoft software
Graphics software
My Computer is seen on the Microsoft Windows computers. My Computer allows the user to access the local drives, such as the local disk, also known as the C: Drive. The user can also access external drives. Examples of an external drive are a floppy disk drive (A: Drive) and the CD Drive (D:). My computer also lets the user access My Documents and other files.
Whenever any external drive is attached to the computer, the user can directly access that drive from My Computer menu. "My Computer" gives us an overview about different types of drives present in the computer. The My Computer folder is a gateway to all the data stored on the computer, attached devices, and the network -- as well as a shortcut to most of your system information.

Software
A trilogy is a series with three parts. For example, The Godfather series of movies is a trilogy because there are three movies in the series: The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and The Godfather Part III.

The trilogy was originally a tradition of Ancient Greek theatre, where three plays and one satyr play would be played.

Literary terms
A series is a group of similar things that are all related to the same topic.

In mathematics, a series is the adding of a sequence, a list of (usually never-ending) mathematical objects (such as numbers). It is sometimes written as , which is another way of writing .

For example, the series  corresponds to the following sum:

Here, the dots mean that the adding does not have a last term, but goes on to infinity. 

If the result of the addition gets closer and closer to a certain limit value, then this is the sum of the series. For example, the first few terms of the above series are: 
 

From these, we can see that this series will have 2 as its sum.  

However, not all series have a sum. For example. a series can go to positive or negative infinity, or just go up and down without settling on any particular value. In which case, the series is said to diverge. The harmonic series is an example of a series which diverges.

Related page 
 List of series
 Sequence
 Series acceleration
 Taylor series
References 

Sequences and series
Synesthesia, or synaesthesia, is a condition where the brain mixes up the senses. People who have synesthesia are called synesthetes.

Synesthesia is usually inherited (called congenital synesthesia), but exactly how people inherit it is unknown.

Synesthesia is sometimes reported by people using psychedelic drugs, after a stroke, or during an epileptic seizure. It is also reported to be a result of blindness or deafness. Synesthesia that comes from events unrelated to genes is called adventitious synesthesia. This synesthesia results from some drugs or a stroke but not blindness or deafness. It involves sound being linked to vision or touch being linked to hearing.

Synesthesia was investigated a lot in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but in the middle of the 20th century, it was less studied. Only recently has it been studied again in much detail.
Some musicians and composers have a form of synesthesia that allows them to "see" music as colors or shapes. This is called chromethesia. Mozart is said to have had this form of synesthesia. He said that the key of D major had a warm "orangey" sound to it, while B-flat minor was blackish. A major was a rainbow of colors to him. This may explain why he wrote some of his music using different colors for different music notes, and why much of his music is in major keys.

Another composer who had color-hearing was the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin. In 1907, he talked with another famous composer, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who had synesthesia, and they both found that some musical notes made them think of certain colors. Scriabin worked with a man named Alexander Mozer who made a color organ.

Experiences
The same type of synesthesia may have different effects (pronounced and less pronounced) on different people.
More than 60 types of synesthesia have been reported, but only a small number have been studied by scientists.
Some common types of synthesia include:
Grapheme–color synesthesia: Letters or numbers are seen to have colors of their own. 
Ordinal linguistic personification: Numbers, days of the week, and months of the year are felt to have their own personalities.
Spatial-sequence: Numbers, months of the year, and/or days of the week are located in specific places in space. For example, 1980 may be "farther away" than 1990. Or a year may be seen three-dimensionally as a map.
Visual motion → sound synesthesia: Hearing sounds in response to seeing motion.

References

Sensory system
Perception
A moose (Alces alces; called elk in Europe) is a large deer. Some authorities put the American moose in a different species, Alces americanus.

A male moose is called a bull, a female moose is called a cow, and a young moose is called a calf. A group of moose is called a herd. The plural form of moose is "moose”.

Moose live in northern Europe, Asia, and in North America. Moose usually live in areas with lakes, marshes and swamps. They also live in mountain ranges.

Range 
Moose live in North America and also range from northern Europe to Siberia. In Europe they live in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Poland and the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). In North America they live in Canada, Alaska and northern parts of the United States. In 2008 they were re-introduced to Scottish Highlands from Scandinavia.
Population 
There are about 115,000 moose in Finland, and about the same number in Norway. Alaska has about 200,000. Canada and Russia each have between 500,000 and one million. There are also some in the continental United States. The animal is widely distributed.

Life 

Moose are active during the day. They live alone, but in winter they sometimes form small groups. Moose eat grass, leaves, twigs, willow, birch, maple shoots and water plants. After a pregnancy of 8 months, the female gives birth to one or two calves. Females can first become pregnant when they are between two and three years old. Young moose stay with their mother for a year; after one year they leave and live alone. Moose usually live to fifteen years old, but they can reach as old as twenty-seven years old. A mother moose will aggressively protect her young. Moose calves are hunted by bears and wolves.

Predators
Predators 

A full-grown moose has few natural enemies. Siberian tigers prey on adult moose. Wolves also pose a threat, especially to females with calves. Brown bears are known to prey on moose, although bears are more likely to take over a wolf kill or to take young moose than to hunt adult moose on their own. American black bears and cougars can take moose calves and can sometimes kill adult cows. Wolverine are most likely to eat moose as carrion but have killed moose, including adults, when the moose are weakened by harsh winter conditions. Killer whales are the moose's only known marine predator. They have been known to prey on moose swimming between islands off North America's northwest coast.

Moose and humans 
Moose have been hunted by humans since the Stone Age.
Because of their dark coloured fur, moose are hard to see when they are crossing roads at night. They are sometimes hit by cars. In some countries like Canada, Finland and Sweden there are moose warning signs on roads and motorways are fenced.

References

Other websites 

 goMoose
 

Deer
Mammals of North America
National symbols of Sri Lanka
Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an American movie director. Kubrick is thought to have been one of the great directors of the 20th century.

He was born in New York City but lived most of his life in England. His movies are respected for their great amount of detail and symbolism. Some of his movies were controversial when they were first shown. For example, the sex and violence in his movie A Clockwork Orange was very disturbing to many people who saw it when it was released in 1971. The reaction to the movie in the United Kingdom became so great that Stanley Kubrick stopped showing the movie there for over 25 years. Other famous movies that Kubrick made include Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, 2001: A Space Odyssey and The Shining. Stanley Kubrick died from a heart attack on March 7, 1999.
Kubrick was born in Manhattan, New York City and grew up in the Bronx during his youth. Stanley was a poor student in school but his father, who was a doctor, taught Stanley how to play chess and gave him a camera. Kubrick finished high school in 1946 and could not get into a college. This was because of his poor grades in school and because colleges were full with many American soldier's who returned from World War II that same year. During this time, Kubrick played games of chess with people for money. He was a good chess player and won many games. He used the money he won from playing chess to buy food and photography equipment. Kubrick got a job at a magazine in New York City that was called Look Magazine. Kubrick also enjoyed watching movies and thought that he could make better movies than the movies that were being made at the time. He first made two small documentaries. One of them was about a boxer and was called Day of the Fight
. The other documentary was about a religious man and was called Flying Padre. He then made two full-length movies (called feature films) that made other people interested in his work. The first feature film was called Fear and Desire and the other was called Killer's Kiss. His third feature film, called The Killing, was a success. The success of The Killing allowed Stanley to work on a bigger movie, called Paths of Glory, that was about World War I and was made with the famous actor Kirk Douglas. At this time Kubrick became well known in the movie industry and had started to create his own style.
Big movies

Spartacus 
After Stanley Kubrick completed Paths of Glory, he worked on a big Hollywood movie named Spartacus in 1960. The movie is about a gladiator who fights Rome. It made a lot of money and was a success but Kubrick did not enjoy working on it. He did not enjoy working on it because of problems he had with the other people working on the movie who controlled it. Kubrick desired to have a lot of control in making his movies, and after making Spartacus he only worked on movies that he had full control over.
Lolita 
Kubrick moved to the United Kingdom in 1962, to make his next movie, Lolita. He liked the United Kingdom very much and decided to live there for the rest of his life. The movie Lolita was the first movie that Kubrick made that created a lot of controversy. The movie was based upon a book by the Russian author Vladimir Nabokov that was also very controversial at the time. The movie shows the relationship between a very young woman and an older man. This is a forbidden topic in the United States and most of the world.
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb 
For the movie Lolita, Kubrick hired the talented and famous actor Peter Sellers. Kubrick respected Peter's acting and asked him to act as three different characters in Kubrick's next movie, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, which was released in 1963. Dr. Strangelove was a comedy but it was about very serious topics. These are called black comedies. The movie was about the Cold War and was very controversial but also very successful. The movie had a large cultural influence and created some images that became very famous in the years to follow. The most famous image from the movie was of an American pilot sitting on a nuclear bomb as it fell to earth from an airplane.
Kubrick's success with Dr Strangelove convinced the movie studios that he was talented and that he could be trusted to make good, popular movies. Kubrick entered into a positive relationship with the movie studio, Warner Brothers. Warner Brothers gave him almost full artistic control on all of the movies he was to make in the future. A director being given so much control is rare. Such directors are called "auteurs".
2001: A Space Odyssey 
Kubrick took five years to develop and plan his next movie. It was a science fiction movie called 2001: A Space Odyssey and it was released in 1968. Kubrick based the movie on a short story called "The Sentinel" that was written by the science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke. Kubrick worked with Arthur C. Clarke to make the movie. The movie used many new ideas and techniques and had special effects that no other movie at the time had. The great special effects used in the movie won Kubrick his first and only Oscar award. 2001 was made during the end of the 1960s and was very popular with members of the Hippie Counterculture. This was because of the movies strange and dream-like visuals. When the movie was released it was both loved and hated by many movie critics. Many of the movie critics who did not like the movie when they saw it in 1968 have changed their opinions. Some of them have written a second, positive review of the movie many years later.
A Clockwork Orange 
His next movie was one of his most famous and also his most controversial. The movie was titled A Clockwork Orange and was released in 1971. The movie was darker than 2001 and was originally released with an "X" motion picture rating in the US. The movie was based on a novel of the same title by the author Anthony Burgess. The novel and movie are about a criminal who is given a new and experimental 'cure' for his violent nature. The story asks questions about how society defines morality. The movie had an amount of sex and violence that was not often seen in big Hollywood movies at the time. The controversy of the movie increased when other people copied some of the acts that were committed by the characters in the movie. Kubrick and his family received violent threats from people, called death threats. These threats were serious enough that Kubrick took the movie out of theaters in Britain. The movie was not shown again in Britain until the year 2000, after Kubrick's death.
Barry Lyndon 
Kubrick's next movie was to going to be about Napoleon but he canceled it after another similar movie was released before his own. Kubrick worked very hard researching and learning about Napoleon and about the world at that time. Kubrick chose to make another movie set in that time that was titled Barry Lyndon. The movie was based a book by William Makepeace Thackeray and was about an 18th-century gambler named Barry Lyndon. The movie was not as well liked as his previous movies but, like 2001: A Space Odyssey, it convinced people over time.

After Barry Lyndon, Kubrick made movies at a much slower rate than before. He only made three more movies in the next twenty-five years. He was still very popular and respected. Each of the movies he released became an event that many people waited for and celebrated.
The Shining 
The Shining was Kubrick's next movie. It was based on the book of the same name by the American author, Stephen King and was released in 1980. It was a horror movie and starred Jack Nicholson and Shelley Duvall. The movie was one of Kubrick's most mainstream movies and was very popular. It was different from the other horror movies at the time and the catch phrase, "Here's Johnny!" (which was also used on the TV's The Tonight Show hosted by Johnny Carson at the time) was made very popular after Jack Nicholson's character said it during an important scene in the movie. The author of the book Stephen King hated the movie and did not like that Kubrick changed many things from the book. King made his own version, a TV mini-series in 1997, which was much more like the book.
Full Metal Jacket 
Full Metal Jacket was Kubrick's next movie and was released in 1987. It was one of several movies that were made in the 1980s that were about the Vietnam War. The movie was most famous for its drill instructor character, played by R. Lee Ermey, who was very cruel to his soldiers. After the movie was released, the United States Armed Forces changed some of its rules about how their drill instructors should behave.
Eyes Wide Shut 
Eyes Wide Shut was Kubrick's last movie and was released in 1999. He completed editing the movie just before his death in March. The movie starred Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman, who were married to each other in real-life at the time. It was based on the novel Traumnovelle by the Austrian writer Arthur Schnitzler. The movie took over 16 consecutive months (a world record) to complete and was released in July 1999. According to R. Lee Ermey, of Full Metal Jacket Fame, Kubrick revealed to him that he was rather disappointed with his work. Kubrick supposedly went further, saying that both Kidman and Cruise "had their way with" him. Apparently a reference to a clashing of large-Hollywood personas to Kubrick's more reserved demeanor.

Kubrick's death and influence 
Just a few days after completing the editing of Eyes Wide Shut, Kubrick died from a heart attack in Harpenden, Hertfordshire.
In the year 2001, the American movie director Steven Spielberg filmed A.I.: Artificial Intelligence. A.I was a movie that Stanley Kubrick had worked on before Eyes Wide Shut, but did not finish. Steven Spielberg based his movie on Kubrick's plans. The movie received a poor response from audiences and did not make as much money as expected. The movie was thought to be more Spielberg's movie than Kubrick's movie.

Movies he made (Filmography) 
 Day of the Fight (1951)
 Flying Padre (1951)
 The Seafarers (1952)
 Fear and Desire (1953)
 Killer's Kiss (1955)
 The Killing (1956)
 Paths of Glory (1957)
 Spartacus (1960)
 Lolita (1962)
 Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1963)
 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
 A Clockwork Orange (1971)
 Barry Lyndon (1975)
 The Shining (1980)
 Full Metal Jacket (1987)
 Eyes Wide Shut (1999)

Awards and nominations
All of Stanley Kubrick's later movies, except for The Shining, were nominated for Oscars or Golden Globes. 2001: A Space Odyssey had many technical awards, including a BAFTA award for cinematographer and an Academy Award for best visual effects. As director of special effects on the movie, Kubrick got the award. This was Kubrick's only personal Oscar win among 13 nominations. Nominations for his movies were mostly in the areas of cinematography, art design, screenwriting, and music. Only four of his movies were nominated by either an Oscar or Golden Globe for their acting performances: Spartacus, Lolita, Dr. Strangelove, and A Clockwork Orange.

Personal awards for Kubrick:
Kubrick received two awards from major film festivals: "Best Director" from the Locarno International Film Festival in 1959 for Killer's Kiss, and "Bastone Bianco Award" at the Venice Film Festival in 1999 for Eyes Wide Shut. The Venice Film Festival awarded him the "Career Golden Lion" in 1997. He received the D.W. Griffith Lifetime Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America, and another life-achievement award from the Director's Guild of Great Britain, and the Career Golden Lion from the Venice Film Festival. In 2000 he received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award. After he died, the Sitges - Catalonian International Film Festival awarded him the "Honorary Grand Prize" for life achievement in 2008. He also received the Hugo Award three times for his work in science fiction.

References

Other websites 
 Stanley Kubrick at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
 Official site  (requires Macromedia Flash)
 Arthur C. Clarke links & image archive
American cinematographers
American movie editors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
1928 births
1999 deaths
The Kyoto Protocol is a plan created by the United Nations for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that tries to reduce the effects of climate change, such as global warming. The plan says that countries that adopt (follow) the Kyoto Protocol have to try to reduce how much carbon dioxide (and other "greenhouse gases" that pollute the atmosphere) they release into the air.

Establishment
The full name of the Kyoto Protocol is the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It is called the Kyoto Protocol because it was made in Kyoto, Japan. The Kyoto Protocol was officially put into "full force" on February 16, 2005. On February 16, Russia began to follow (ratify) the Kyoto Protocol and it was decided to be put into "full force". As of 2020, 192 countries have agreed to follow the Kyoto Protocol.
Adoption status
There are still 29 countries which have not yet adopted it. Croatia and Kazakhstan have signed the treaty, but have not ratified it (made it a law they have to follow). Donald Trump and The United States of America has signed it but said that they will not ratify it. Australia has only recently ratified the Kyoto Protocol under the previous Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. Both of these countries have said that the fact that China and India are using exceptions to the treaty (those countries believe parts of the treaty do not apply to them and they will not follow those parts) in the name of industrialization is unfair and that they will not ratify because of this, although it is believed that the U.S. and Australia are protecting their economic interests by not ratifying. The countries' leaders say that changing their use of greenhouse gases will make their people lose jobs. The twenty four other countries have neither signed nor ratified the treaty.

Other websites 
The Kyoto Protocol
United Nations
Kyoto
Climate change
Green politics
A movie director is a person who leads the making of a movie (or film). They take care of the artistic things in the movie. They give instructions to the actors and direct the people that work on the movie.

Directors give many of their responsibilities to other members of their movie-making team (called a movie crew).  For example, the person who is responsible for the lighting is told by the director what style of lighting he wants and he then creates the lighting for him. It is common for movie directors to work closely with a movie producer. Movie producers are people who control the non-artistic side of movie making. For example, they control all the money that is used for making the movie.
The amount of control a director has in creating their movie is different for each director. It is most common for directors to have some control, while the rest of the movie-making is controlled by the movie studio, and by the people who pay for making the movie. This was very common for American movies made in the 1930s to 1950s. There are a small number of directors who are given complete control over making their movies. For example, Stanley Kubrick, Jean-Luc Godard, Steven Spielberg and James Cameron all had a great amount of control in making their movie.

Famous directors

References 

 
Movie occupations