Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
After the difficult 70s and 80s the 1990s saw the beginning of a period of continuous economic growth that has to date lasted over 15 years. The Good Friday Agreement saw what many believe to be the beginning of the end of conflict in Northern Ireland; since this event, there has been very little armed violence over the issue.

21st century 
In the 2001 General Election, the Labour Party won a second successive victory.

Despite huge anti-war marches being held in London and Glasgow, Tony Blair gave strong support to the United State's invasion of Iraq in 2003. Forty-six thousand British troops, one-third of the total strength of the British Army (land forces), were active to assist with the invasion of Iraq and after that British armed forces were responsible for security in southern Iraq in the time before the Iraqi elections of January 2005.
2007 saw the conclusion of the premiership of Tony Blair, followed by that of Gordon Brown. The next prime minister, David Cameron, was elected in 2010. During his first term, the Scottish National Party (SNP) won the 2011 election to the Scottish Parliament. On 18 September 2014, the SNP held a referendum that asked the people of Scotland whether they want to be independent from the UK. 55% of voters wanted to remain in the UK.

David Cameron was re-elected in 2015 on promises to hold a referendum on whether the United Kingdom should leave the European Union. It took place on 23 June 2016 and was won by the "Leave" campaign with 52% of the vote. Cameron would then resign and be replaced by Theresa May as prime minister who will lead the country into the process of "Brexit".

On January 2020, Brexit had occurred.

Terrorist attacks 
The U.K. also saw two incidents of terrorism occur in London in the 21st century.
On 7 July 2005, three bombs exploded on the London Underground at 8:50 during the morning rush hour, and a fourth exploded one hour later on a bus in Tavistock Square. The attack, done by Muslim extremists, killed 52 people and injured over 700 others.

On 22 March 2017, exactly one year after the bombings in Brussels, five people were killed in the 2017 Westminster attack near the Houses of Parliament. One of them was the attacker, Khalid Masood, who also stabbed an officer of the Metropolitan Police, who later died of his injuries.

On 22 May 2017, "two bombings" occurred at the Manchester Arena with 19 people dead and 50 injured. It is a suspected suicide bombing.

Related pages
 United Kingdom
 British Empire
 History of Europe
 History of England
Footnotes 
¹ The term "United Kingdom" was first used in the Union with Scotland Act 1706. However it is generally seen as a descriptive term, indicating that the kingdoms were freely united rather than through conquest. It is not seen as being actual name of the new United Kingdom, which was (by article one) "Great Britain". The "United Kingdom" as a name is taken to refer to the kingdom that emerged when the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland merged on 1 January 1801.
² The name "Great Britain" (then spelt "Great Brittaine") was first used by James VI/I in October 1604, who indicated that henceforth he and his successors would be viewed as Kings of Great Britain, not Kings of England and Scotland. However the name was not applied to the state as a unit; both England and Scotland continued to be governed independently. Its validity as a name of the Crown is also questioned, given that monarchs continued using separate ordinals (e.g., James VI/I, James VII/II) in England and Scotland. To avoid confusion, historians generally avoid using the term "King of Great Britain" until 1707 and instead to match the ordinal usage call the monarchs kings or queens of England and Scotland. Separate ordinals were abandoned when the two states merged with the Act of Union 1707, with subsequent monarchs using ordinals apparently based on English not Scottish history (it might be argued that the monarchs have simply taken the higher ordinal, which to date has always been English)
. One example is Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, who is referred to as being "the Second" even though there never was an Elizabeth I of Scotland or Great Britain. Thus the term "Great Britain" is generally used from 1707.
³ The number changed several times between 1801 and 1922.

4 The Anglo-Irish Treaty was ratified by (i) The British Parliament (Commons, Lords & Royal Assent), (ii) Dáil Éireann, and the (iii) the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, a parliament created under the British Government of Ireland Act 1920 which was supposedly the valid parliament of Southern Ireland in British eyes and which had an almost identical membership of the Dáil, but which nevertheless had to assemble separately under the Treaty's provisions to approve the Treaty, the Treaty thus being ratified under both British and Irish constitutional theory.

References

Other websites 
 Info Britain.co.uk 
 History of the United Kingdom: Primary Documents
 http://www.british-history.ac.uk
 Text of 1800 Act of Union 
 Act of Union virtual library
Leeds United Football Club is an English Association football club in Leeds, West Yorkshire.  They play their home matches at Elland Road. The club has spent much of its time since it was founded in the highest division of English football.

History
Leeds United was established in 1919, having previously been known as Leeds City.

Leeds United have won the League Cup.

Leeds United have won the FA Cup.

League position

Former position

Rivalries
Leeds United currently holds rivalries with Manchester United, Chelsea FC, Liverpool FC, Hull City, and other clubs that could be considered as rivals are Manchester City FC, , Sheffield Wednesday FC, Doncaster Rovers, Millwall FC and Barnsley FC.

Related pages 
 Football League Championship
 List of Leeds United A.F.C. players

References

Other websites

  Leeds United website 

English football clubs
1919 establishments in the United Kingdom
1910s establishments in England
The Acts of Union were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed in 1706 and 1707 by, respectively, the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland, to make effective the Treaty of Union which had been negotiated between the two countries. The Acts joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland which had been separate states before, with separate legislatures but with the same monarch into a single United Kingdom of Great Britain. At that time the Union Flag became the national flag.

For over a hundred years since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne from his cousin, Queen Elizabeth I, the two had been in personal union  The Acts of Union took effect on 1 May 1707.

References 

 Herman, Arthur. How the Scots Invented the Modern World. Three Rivers Press, 2001.

Related pages

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Other websites 
Act of Union 1707 , the UK Parliament
The Treaty of Union , the Scottish Parliament
Articles of Union 1707  at the Parliamentary Archives
Image of the Treaty of Union  courtesy of the National archives of Scotland, published by the Scottish Council on Archives
Union with England Act and Union with Scotland Act - Full original text 
Treaty of Union and the Darien Experiment, University of Guelph, McLaughlin Library, Library and Archives Canada

1707
18th century in the Kingdom of Great Britain
Acts of the Parliament of England
1700s in Europe
G-Man can be any of the following:
 G-Man (slang), slang for Federal Bureau of Investigation agents, short for "Government Man"
 G-Man (Half-Life), a fictional character in the Half-Life computer game series
 The G-Man, a nickname for G. Gordon Liddy on his radio show
 G-Man (British artist), minimal techno artist Gez Varley
El Paso is a village in the Potaro-Siparuni region of Guyana.  It can be found to the west of Tumatumari Landing.

Villages
Settlements in South America
Geography of Guyana
Iran is divided into 31 provinces (Persian: استان ostān, plural استان‌ها ostānhā).  Each is ruled from a local center.  These local centers can usually be found in the biggest local city, called the capital (Persian: مرکز markaz) of that province.

Information
The following is a table with information on the provinces of Iran:

References

Other websites
 Statistical Centre, Government of Iran
The provinces of Iran are divided into counties called shahrestan (Persian: شهرستان shahrestān).  They usually contain a city center, and a bunch of villages around them.  Counties are divided into districts.   They are also usually some cities in each county.  As of the year 2005, Iran had 324 counties.    In 2021 there were 471.

County list
The following is a list of counties by province:

Tehran Province
Damavand County  
Firuzkuh County   
Islamshahr County 
Karaj County 
Nazarabad County   
Pakdasht County       
Rebat-Karim County      
Rey County      
Savojbolagh County      
Shemiranat County     
Shahriar County      
Tehran County 
Varamin County

Qom Province
Qom County

Markazi Province
Ashtian County  
Arak County   
Delijan County
Khomein County   
Komeijan County   
Mahallat County   
Saveh County   
Shazand County  
Tafresh County 
Zarandieh County

Qazvin Province
Abyek County     
Buin-Zahra County
Qazvin County  
Takestan County
Gilan Province
Amlash County 
Astara County    
Astane-ye-Ashrafiyeh County 
Bandar-e-Anzali County
Fuman County 
Lahijan County 
Langrud County 
Masal County
Rasht County 
Rezvanshahr County 
Rudbar County 
Rudsar County
Shaft County
Siahkal County 
Some'e-sara County 
Talesh County

Ardabil Province
Ardabil County
Bilasavar County
Germi County
Khakhal County 
Kowsar County 
Meshginshahr County 
Namin County 
Nir County
Parsabad County

Zanjan Province
Abhar County    
Eejrud County   
Khodabandeh County   
Khorramdarreh County
Mahneshan County 
Tarom County
Zanjan County

East Azarbaijan Province
Ahar County
Ajabshir County
Azarshahr County               
Bonab County
Bostanabad County
Charuymaq County
Haris County
Hashtrud County
Jolfa County
Kalibar County
Malekan County
Maragheh County
Marand County
Mianeh County
Osku County
Sarab County
Shabestar County
Tabriz County
Varzaqan County
West Azarbaijan Province
Bukan County
Chaldoran County
Khoy County
Mahabad County 
Maku County 
Miandoab County 
Naqadeh County
Oshnavieh County 
Piranshahr County
Salmas County 
Sardasht County 
Shahindej County
Takab County
Urmia County

Kordestan Province
Baneh County   
Bijar County 
Divandarreh County 
Kamyaran County 
Marivan County
Qorveh County
Sannandaj County
Saqqez County 
Sarvabad County

Hamadan Province
Asadabad County   
Bahar County
Hamadan County
Kabudrahang County  
Malayer County  
Nahavand County
Razan County
Tuyserkan County

Kermanshah Province
Gilan-e-gharb County 
Harsin County
Islamabad-e-gharb County
Javanrud County
Kangavar County
Kermanshah County
Paveh County
Qasr-e-Shirin County
Sahneh County
Sarpol-e-Zahab County
Solas-e-Babajani County   
Sonqor County

Ilam Province
Abdanan County
Darrehshahr County       
Dehloran County
Eevan County  
Ilam County     
Mehran County     
Shirvan-o-Chardavol County
Lorestan Province
Aligudarz County
Azna County   
Borujerd County
Delfan County
Dorud County
Khorramabad County
Kuhdasht County
Poldokhtar County  
Selseleh County

Khuzestan Province
Abadan County
Ahvaz County  
Andimeshk County   
Baghmalek County
Behbahan County
Dasht-e-Azadegan County
Dezful County
Hendijan County
Izeh County
Khorramshahr County
Lali County   
Mahshahr County   
Masjed-Soleyman County 
Ramhormoz County   
Shadegan County   
Shush County   
Shushtar County

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Ardal County     
Borujen County
Farsan County     
Kuhrang County    
Lordegan County  
Shahrekord County

Kohgeluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
Bahmai County
Boyer-Ahmad County   
Dena County
Gachsaran County
Kohgeluyeh County

Bushehr Province
Bushehr County
Dashtestan County      
Dashti County    
Dayyer County      
Deylam County
Ganaveh County
Jam County   
Kangan County          
Tangestan County
Fars Province
Abadeh County    
Arsanjan County
Bavanat County
Darab County
Evaz County
Eqlid County
Estahban County  
Farashband County  
Fasa County  
Firuzabad County 
Jahrom County
Kazerun County 
Khorrambid County 
Lamerd County
Larestan County
Mamasani County 
Marvdasht County  
Mehr County  
Neyriz County 
Qir-o-Karzin County
Sepidan County  
Shiraz County
Zarrindasht County

Hormozgan Province
Abumusa County
Bandar-Abbas County
Bandar-Lengeh County
Bastak County
Gavbandi County
Hajiabad County
Jask County
Minab County   
Qeshm County
Rudan County

Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Chabahar County 
Iranshahr County 
Khash County
Nikshahr County
Saravan County  
Sarbaz County
Zabol County  
Zahedan County

Kerman Province
Anbarabad County 
Baft County
Bam County  
Bardsir County  
Jiroft County
Kahnuj County
Kerman County  
Manujan County
Rafsanjan County 
Ravar County  
Shahr-e-Babak County
Sirjan County    
Zarand County
Yazd Province
Abarkuh County   
Ardekan County 
Bafq County
Khatam County
Mehriz County 
Meybud County
Sadugh County
Tabas County 
Taft County
Yazd County

Esfahan Province
Aran-o-Bidgol County   
Ardestan County 
Borkhar-o-Meymeh County
Chadegan County
Falavarjan County 
Fereydan County  
Fereydunshahr County
Golpayegan County  
Isfahan County
Kashan County
Khansar County
Khomeinishahr County  
Lenjan County
Lower Semirom County
Mobarakeh County  
Nain County 
Najafabad County  
Natanz County
Semirom County   
Shahreza County    
Tiran-o-Korun County

Semnan Province
Damghan County
Garmsar County  
Semnan County  
Shahrud County

Mazandaran Province
Amol County  
Babol County 
Babolsar County 
Behshahr County
Chalus County
Juybar County 
Mahmudabad County 
Neka County
Noshahr County
Nur County 
Qaemshahr County
Ramsar County 
Sari County 
Savadkuh County
Tonekabon County
Golestan Province
Aliabad County
Aqqala County
Azadshahr County   
Bandar-e-gaz County  
Bandar-e-Torkaman County
Gonbad-e-Kavus County
Gorgan County 
Kolaleh County   
Kordkuy County
Minudasht County  
Ramian County

North Khorasan Province
Bojnurd County 
Isfarayen County   
Jajrom County
Maneh-o-Samalqan County     
Shirvan County

Razavi Khorasan Province
Bardaskan County
Chenaran County
Dargaz County
Fariman County
Gonabad County
Kalat County
Kashmar County
Khaf County
Khalilabad County
Mashhad County
Neyshabur County
Qaenat County
Quchan County
Rashtkhar County 
Sabzevar County
Sarakhs County
Taybad County
Torbat-e-Jam County
Torbat-e-Heydarieh County

South Khorasan Province
Birjand County       
Darmian County
Ferdows County
Nehbandan County
Qaen County 
Sarayan County 
Sarbisheh County

 
Lists of counties
Iran-related lists
Tehran Province (Persian: استان تهران;) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran.  It has an area of 18,909 square kilometers. It can be found to the north of the center plateau in Iran.  As of June 2005, this province contains 13 townships, 43 municipalities, and 1,358 villages.

Counties and municipalities

Counties

Municipalities 
Absard, Andishe, Baghershahr, Baghestan, Boumehen, Chahardangeh, Damavand, Eshtehard, Eslamshahr, Ferdowsieh, Firouzkouh, Garmdarreh, Gharchak, Ghods, Golestan, Shahriar, Hashtgerd, Hashtgerd New City, Javadabad, Hassan Abad, Kahrizak, Kamalshahr, Karaj, Kilan, Lavasan, Mahdasht, Malard, Meshkindasht, Mohammadshahr, Nasimshahr, Nazarbad, Owshan Fasham Meygoun, Pakdasht, Pardis, Pishva, Robat Karim, Roudehen, Sabasharh, Safadasht, Shahedshahr, Shahriar, Sharifabad, Tehran, Vahidieh, Varamin,

Other websites 

Official website of Tehran Governorship
Leicester City F.C. are an English professional football club, based at King Power Stadium in Leicester. They won the 2015–16 Premier League, their first top tier title.

Some of the club's most famous players include Gary Lineker, Peter Shilton, Gordon Banks and Jamie Vardy. Their present manager is Brendan Rodgers.

Name 
1884-1919 Leicester Fosse F.C.
1919-present Leicester City F.C.

League position

Former position

European record

Notes
Goals by Leicester are listed first.
PR: Preliminary round
1R: First round
GS: Group stage
R16: Round of 16
QF: Quarter-final

Players

First-team squad

Out on loan

Honours

League
 First Division/Premier League(first tier)
Champions: 2015–16
 Runners-up: 1928–29
Second Division/First Division/EFL Championship (second tier)
Champions (7): 1924–25, 1936–37, 1953–54, 1956–57, 1970–71, 1979–80, 2013–14
 Runners-up: 1907–08, 2002–03
Play-off winners: 1993–94, 1995–96
Third Division/Second Division/EFL League One (third tier)
Champions: 2008–09
Cup
 FA Cup
 Winners: 2020–21
 Runners-up: 1948–49, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1968–69

 League Cup / EFL Cup
 Winners: 1963–64, 1996–97, 1999–2000
 Runners-up: 1964–65, 1998–99

 Charity Shield / FA Community Shield
 Winners: 1971,  2021
 Runners-up: 2016

Regional competitions
 War League South
 Champions: 1942
 Wartime Midland Cup
 Winners: 1941

References 

English football clubs
Organisations based in Leicester
1884 establishments in England
Damavand County () is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Damavand. The county and its capital are named after Mount Damavand, which is the tallest mountain in Iran and Western Asia.

Counties of Tehran Province
Eslamshahr County (Persian: اسلام‌شهر) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Eslamshahr.

Counties of Tehran Province
Firouzkouh County (Persian: فیروزکوه) is a county in the east of the Tehran Province in Iran. In English it can also be spelt as Firuzkuh. The capital of the county is Firouzkouh. About 39,284 people live in the county. It is a mountain area with many lakes and rivers. It is famous for its mineral water.

References

Counties of Tehran Province
Karaj County () is a county of the Alborz Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Karaj.

Counties of Iran
Alborz Province
Luton Town Football Club are an English football club that are based in Luton in the county of Bedfordshire.  They started in 1885 and play their home games at a stadium called Kenilworth Road.

League position

Former position

Sources

1885 establishments in England
English football clubs
Luton
Millwall F.C. are a English Association football club in London. They play their home games at a stadium called The New Den which is in London.  The club started in 1885 and their nickname is "The Lions".

History
Millwall was founded in 1885.

Name 
 1885-1893 Millwall Rovers F.C.
 1893-1910 Millwall Athletic F.C.
 1910-present Millwall F.C.

League position

Former position

Players

Current squad

As of 23 July 2013.

Notable former players
The following is a list of important footballers who have played for Millwall. The list includes players who have been honoured in Millwall's Hall of Fame.

|-
|valign="top"|
Algeria
 Hameur Bouazza

Australia
 Tim Cahill
 Dave Mitchell
 Kevin Muscat
 Lucas Neill
 Jason van Blerk

Barbados
 Michael Gilkes
 Paul Ifill

Canada
 Marc Bircham
 Adrian Serioux
 Josh Simpson
England
 Sam Allardyce
 Chris Armstrong
 Herbert Banks
 Mark Beard
 Gordon Bolland
 Ray Brand
 Les Briley
 Peter Burridge
 John Calvey
 Jimmy Carter
 Steve Claridge
 Jack Cock
 Jimmy Constantine
 Colin Cooper
|width="33"| 
|valign="top"|
 Harry Cripps
 Ian Dawes
 Marvin Elliott
 John Fashanu
 Jack Fort
 Freddie Fox
 Paul Goddard
 Len Graham
 Neil Harris
 Brian Horne
 Gordon Hill
 Richard Hill
 Terry Hurlock
 Bryan King
 Barry Kitchener
 Matthew Lawrence
 Dave Mangnall
 Alan McLeary
 Stuart Nethercott
 Derek Possee
 Andy Roberts
 Henry Roberts
 Barry Rowan
 Neil Ruddock
 John Seasman
 Paul Shaw
 Teddy Sheringham
 James Smith
 Reg Smith
 Alex Stepney
 Keith Stevens
 John Willie Sutcliffe
|width="33"| 
|valign="top"|
 Tony Witter
 Tony Towner
 Phil Walker
 Keith Weller
 Dennis Wise
 Steve Wood

Ghana
 Kim Grant

Jamaica
 Darren Byfield

New Zealand
 Chris Wood

Northern Ireland
 Tom Brolly
 Bryan Hamilton
 Edward Hinton
 Billy McCullough
 Josh McQuoid
 Anton Rogan
Republic of Ireland
 Keith Branagan
 John Byrne
 Tony Cascarino
 Kenny Cunningham
 Eamon Dunphy
 Jon Goodman
 Joe Haverty
 Charlie Hurley
 Mark Kennedy
 Mick McCarthy
|width="33"| 
|valign="top"|
 Kevin O'Callaghan
 Steven Reid
 Richard Sadlier
 Dave Savage
 Pat Saward
 Gary Waddock

Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Bobby Bowry

Scotland
 Willie Carr
 Stephen Crawford
 Paul Hartley
 Duncan Hean 
 John McGinlay
 Alex Rae

Trinidad & Tobago
 Tony Warner

United States
 Kasey Keller
 John Kerr
 Bruce Murray
 Zak Whitbread

Wales
 Malcolm Allen
 Walter Davis
 Steve Lovell
 Steve Lowndes
 Steve Morison
 Ben Thatcher

Related pages 
 Football League Championship
 List of Millwall F.C. players

References

Other websites

 Millwall F.C. website 

English football clubs
1885 establishments in England
Nazarabad County (Persian: نظرآباد) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Nazarabad.

Counties of Tehran Province
Pakdasht County () is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Pakdasht.

Counties of Tehran Province
Preston North End F.C. are an English football club. They are based in Preston, Lancashire. They play in the Football League Championship at their stadium which is called Deepdale. The club began in 1880. It has the nicknames "The Lilywhites", "PNE" and "The North End".

History
Preston North End was part of the twelve football teams that made up the English Football League in 1888, and were the first team ever to win the English Football League. Preston North End and Arsenal are the only two teams ever to win the Championship without losing a match.

They have played in the FA Cup final seven times and won twice.

The last time they won a major trophy was the FA Cup in 1938 and the club has not been in the Premier League for many years, but they are one of the most successful Championship clubs and regularly finish high up in the league.

League position

Former position

1880 establishments in the United Kingdom
City of Preston, Lancashire
English football clubs
Sport in Lancashire
Rey County (Persian: ری) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Rey.

Counties of Tehran Province
Robat-Karim County (Persian: رباط‌کریم) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Robat-Karim.

Counties of Tehran Province
Savojbolagh County (Persian: ساوجبلاغ) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Hashtgerd.

Counties of Tehran Province
Shahriar County (Persian: شهریار) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Shahriar.  The county has a population of 400,000 people.

Counties of Tehran Province
Shemiranat County () is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Shemiranat.

Counties of Tehran Province
Tehran County () is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Tehran.

Counties of Tehran Province
Varamin County (Persian: ورامین) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Varamin.

Counties of Tehran Province
The New Den is a stadium in London, England. It is the stadium where Millwall F.C. are based.

Football stadiums in London
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
Les Cayes (Kréyòl: Okay; ) is a town in southwest Haiti near the river Ravine du Sud, on the Caribbean coast. It is the capital of the Sud Département.

Les Cayes is at about 196 km southwest of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an arrondissement (a part of a department) with the same name. The arrondissement has six communes (a commune is like a municipality): Les Cayes, Camp-Perrin, Chantal, Île à Vache, Maniche and Torbeck.

Name
The town had the name of Aux Cayes ("On the cays") because the small Île à Vache island and other cays (Grande Caye and Petite Caye) are near the town. Now the name is just Les Cayes; Kréyòl still keeps the old name.

History
In 1504, Diego Velázquez founded the town of Salvatierra de la Sabana (or Salvatierra de la Zabana) where is now Les Cayes. From here, he left for Cuba to take control of that island on 7 November 1511.
But people left completely the town in 1540 and the French Monsier de la Lance founded the modern town of Les Cayes in 1726. The town was destroyed by two hurricanes in 1781 and 1788.

On 28 December 1815, Simón Bolívar came to Les Cayes looking for help to fight against the Spanish government in South America. Bolívar left Haiti on 10 April 1816 for Venezuela, but came back in September of that year to this Haitian town when he lost some battles in South America. He went back to South America in December of the same year.

Economy
Les Cayes is one of the most important port of Haiti, where coffee, sugar, bananas and timber are sent to other countries and other parts of Haiti. There is also an airport, Antoine Simon Airport, with the name of a president of Haiti that was born in Les Cayes.
People born in Les Cayes
1761: Laurent Geffrard, officer during the Haitian Revolution
1761: André Rigaud, a mulatto chief during the Haitian Revolution
1785: John James Audubon, who studied and made paintings of birds in United States
1789: Charles Riviere-Hérard, president of Haiti from 1843 to 1844
Michel Domingue, president of Haiti from 1874 to 1876
1815: Lysius Salomon, president of Haiti from 1879 to 1888
1832: Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, president of Haiti from 1876 to 1879
1843: François C. Antoine Simon, president of Haiti from 1908 to 1911

Images

References

Other websites
Les Cayes Portal 
 The Louverture Project: Les Cayes
 Picture of Downtown Cayes, Haiti

Cities in Haiti
1726 establishments
18th-century establishments in Haiti
1720s establishments in North America
Spitz-type breeds of dog have a long thick coat of fur that is often white, and pointed ears and noses. Many times, the tail is over the dog's back.

Origins
No one knows where Spitz-type dogs came from, though most seen today live in the Arctic. There is no archaeological signs showing stages between the wolf and Spitz-type dogs, but Spitz-like skeletons have been found up to 5,000 years old.

Though it is not certain for how long wolves have bred with Spitz-type dogs, it is known that humans have bred Spitz types with wolves in more recent times to get wolf-like breeds such as the Alaskan Malamute.
About 3000 years ago, dogs began to migrate from the Arctic into temperate Europe, North America, Asia, and sometimes Africa. Skeletons from around 2,000 years ago in Switzerland show that Spitz-type dogs have lived in central Europe for thousands of years. These dogs are the ancestors of the European Spitz-types, such as the German Spitz and Schipperke. Many Spitz-types also migrated into Korea and China. Later, many of these dogs were moved by humans to Japan, most likely from Korea. These Asian Spitz types are the ancestors of today's breeds such as the Chow Chow and the Akita Inu.

Uses
Uses

Through special breeding, Spitz types have evolved to help humans in three ways: hunting, herding, and pulling sleds. Smaller breeds such as the Finnish Spitz and the Lundehund were used in Scandinavia to hunt birds and smaller mammals. Larger breeds such as the Karelian Bear Dog and the Norwegian Elkhound were used for hunting large animals like moose and elk. The largest of all the Spitz types, notably the Canadian Eskimo Dog and the Greenland Dog, were used to pull sleds up until the 19th century.

Spitz types are good at living in cold northern climates. They often have a warm, water-proof layer of fur that is thicker than the outer layer of fur. Small ears help reduce the risk of frostbite, and thick fur that grows on the paws protects the dogs from sharp ice.
Many Spitz-type breeds behave like wolves in their independence and aggression towards new humans and animals. They may need much training before they become friendly. Some, like the Karelian Bear Dog, are not friendly enough to ever become companion dogs.

The cuteness of the Spitz-type have caused people to create companion dog breeds from them. The very small Pomeranian was at first a much larger dog similar to a Keeshond before being bred to make a small court animal. The Keeshond, is a friendly and loyal, though very lively, pet. Other companion Spitz-type dog breeds is the American Eskimo Dog, and the intelligent Japanese Spitz. The extinct Silky Spitz (Seidenspitz) was a longhaired silky coated white colored variety, it is said that the breed was of pomeranian and maltese dog mix. Also the Bologneserspitz or Seidenpudelspitz are extinct toy dogs.

Dog breeds originating in Germany
Spitz can mean:

Spitz (dog), a type of dog
Spitz (band), a prolific Japanese rock band
The Southampton Football Club is an English football club. They were founded in 1885 and play their home games at St Mary's Stadium.

Name 
 1885-1894 St. Mary's Y.M.A. F.C.
 1894-1897 Southampton St. Mary's F.C.
 1897-present Southampton F.C.

League position

Former position

References 

Premier League clubs
Southampton
1885 establishments in England
Organisations based in Hampshire
Southend United F.C. are an English football club. They are based in Southend-on-Sea in the county of Essex. They started in 1906 and play their home games at a stadium called Roots Hall.

League position

Former position

English football clubs
1906 establishments in England
Stoke City F.C. is an English football club based in Stoke-on-Trent. They started in 1863 as "Stoke Ramblers" which makes them the second oldest Football League club in the world. Stoke City play their home games at a stadium called the bet365 Stadium.

One of Stoke City's most famous players was Stanley Matthews.

Name
1863–1878 Stoke Ramblers F.C.
1878–1925 Stoke F.C.
1925–present Stoke City F.C.

League position

Former position

References

1863 establishments in England
Premier League clubs
Organisations based in Stoke-on-Trent
Sir Stanley Matthews CBE (born 1 February 1915 – 23 February 2000) was an English footballer. He was born in Stoke-on-Trent. Matthews played football for Stoke City and Blackpool. He was knighted in 1965 and died in 2000.

Club career statistics
|-
|1931/32||rowspan="11"|Stoke City||rowspan="2"|Second Division||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|1932/33||15||1||0||0||15||1
|-
|1933/34||rowspan="9"|First Division||29||11||4||4||33||15
|-
|1934/35||36||10||1||1||37||11
|-
|1935/36||40||10||5||0||45||10
|-
|1936/37||40||7||2||0||42||7
|-
|1937/38||38||6||3||0||41||6
|-
|1938/39||36||2||2||0||38||2
|-
|1939/40||3||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|1945/46||colspan="2"|-||8||0||8||0
|-
|1946/47||23||4||5||1||28||5
|-
|1947/48||rowspan="15"|Blackpool||rowspan="15"|First Division||33||1||6||1||39||2
|-
|1948/49||26||3||3||0||29||3
|-
|1949/50||31||0||3||0||34||0
|-
|1950/51||36||0||8||0||44||0
|-
|1951/52||18||1||1||0||19||1
|-
|1952/53||20||4||7||1||27||5
|-
|1953/54||30||2||7||0||37||2
|-
|1954/55||34||1||1||0||35||1
|-
|1955/56||36||3||1||0||37||3
|-
|1956/57||25||2||4||0||29||4
|-
|1957/58||28||0||1||0||29||0
|-
|1958/59||19||0||6||0||25||0
|-
|1959/60||15||0||0||0||15||0
|-
|1960/61||27||0||1||0||28||0
|-
|1961/62||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|-
|1961/62||rowspan="4"|Stoke City||rowspan="2"|Second Division||18||2||3||1||21||3
|-
|1962/63||31||1||0||0||31||1
|-
|1963/64||rowspan="2"|First Division||9||0||4||1||13||1
|-
|1964/65||1||0||0||0||1||0
701||71||86||10||787||81
701||71||86||10||787||81
|}
International career statistics

|-
|1934||2||1
|-
|1935||1||0
|-
|1936||0||0
|-
|1937||3||4
|-
|1938||8||4
|-
|1939||3||0
|-
|1940||0||0
|-
|1941||0||0
|-
|1942||0||0
|-
|1943||0||0
|-
|1944||0||0
|-
|1945||0||0
|-
|1946||0||0
|-
|1947||6||1
|-
|1948||6||1
|-
|1949||1||0
|-
|1950||2||0
|-
|1951||1||0
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||3||0
|-
|1954||5||0
|-
|1955||5||0
|-
|1956||5||1
|-
|1957||3||0
|-
!Total||54||12
|}

Other websites 
A Short Profile 
Biography (in spanish)

References

1915 births
2000 deaths
1950 FIFA World Cup players
1954 FIFA World Cup players
British military personnel of World War II
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Disease-related deaths in England
English autobiographers
English footballers
English football managers
Knights Bachelor
People from Stoke-on-Trent
Sportspeople from Staffordshire
Ballon d'Or winners
Blackpool F.C. is an English football club. They currently play in League One. The club is based in Blackpool in the county of Lancashire.  They started in 1887 and play their home games at a stadium called Bloomfield Road.  The club won the FA Cup in 1953.

League position

Former position

References

Other websites 
 Blackpool F.C. official website

1887 establishments in Europe
1880s establishments in England
Blackpool
English football clubs
Asylum may refer:

 Psychiatric hospital, once known as an insane asylum or mental asylum, is a hospital specializing in the treatment of persons with mental illness
 Destitute Asylum, an institution built in the 1850s in Adelaide, Australia for isolating cases of extreme poverty
 Orphan asylum, an institution dedicated to caring for orphans
 Political asylum, also known as Right of asylum
 Asylum seeker, also known as Refugee

In music:
 Asylum 45, a concept album by the Dutch band Non-Divine
 Asylum Records, an American record label geared primarily in hip-hop music
 Asylum (album), by the American hard rock band Kiss
 Asylum (Legendary Pink Dots album)
 Soul Asylum, a band formed in 1983, best known for their single "Runaway Train"
 Asylum, a band from Croatia formed in 2007. www.myspace.com/asylumcro 
 Asylum (song), a single by The Orb from their 1997 album Oblivion

In entertainment:
 The Asylum, a movie studio
 Asylum Entertainment  an American entertainment company founded in 1992
In fiction:
 Asylum (movie) of the Patrick McGrath novel, made in 2005
 Asylum (television), 1996 UK comedy series
 Asylum (comic), a comic series
 Asylum (1972 movie), a 1972 horror movie with Peter Cushing
 Asylum (2007 movie), a 2007 horror movie from director David R. Ellis
 Asylum (Doctor Who), a Doctor Who novel
 Asylum (Supernatural), an Episode of TV series starring Jared Padalecki and Jensen Ackles

In non-fiction:
 Asylums, a nonfiction book by Erving Goffman.

In gaming
 Asylum (1991 video game), an overhead shoot 'em up arcade game released by Leland in 1991
 Asylum (1986 video game), released for the Commodore 64 in 1986
 The last of the Shackled City Dungeons & Dragons adventures
 ShadowMan (1999 video game) - Asylum, a big black tower what Legion have built.
 The predecessor to the 1986 Commodore 64 game was a version which utilized ASCII graphics for the original IBM PC in 1982

In radio
 The Asylum (radio show), aired in the 1980s on WMBR
The Articles of Confederation, formally named the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. All thirteen states ratified the Articles in early 1781.

In 1789, the Founding Fathers replaced the Articles with the United States Constitution and a federal form of government.

Contents 

Even though the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution were created by many of the same people, the two documents were very different. The original five-paged Articles contained thirteen articles, a conclusion, and a section for signatures. The following list contains short summaries of each of the thirteen articles.

(1) The name of the confederation will be "The United States of America."
(2) Each state will continue to rule itself, except for the specific things the Articles allow the confederation government to do: "Each state [keeps] its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not [given to the confederation government] by this Confederation...."

(3) The United States is a group of states that has come together to protect each other and help each other.  The states have united "for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general [well-being], [coming together] to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them...."
(4) People in the United States have freedom of movement: anyone can pass freely between states, except for "paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice." When a person travels into one state, he gets all of the rights that state gives to people that live there. If a person commits a crime in one state and runs away to another state, and he is found, he will be extradited to the state where the crime happened, and tried there.

(5) Each state gets one vote in the "Congress of the Confederation" (called the "United States in Congress Assembled").  Each state can bring a group of two to seven delegates to the Congress.  Each state's legislature chooses its Members of Congress. Members of Congress cannot serve for more than three out of any six years.
(6) Only the confederation government is allowed to conduct foreign policy (work with other countries) and to declare war.  Without Congress's permission, no states may have navies or full-time armies, and no states may fight in any war.  However, the Articles encouraged each state to have militias.

(7) When an army is raised for common defense, the state legislatures will choose Colonels and military ranks below Colonel.

(8) The United States will pay for things using money that the state legislatures will raise.  Not every state will have to pay the same amount.  States with higher property values will pay more.

(9) The confederation government has these powers: to declare war; to set weights and measures (including coins); and for Congress to serve as a final court for disagreements between states.

(10) A "Committee of the States" will be the government when Congress is not meeting.
(11) Nine states must agree before a new state is accepted into the Confederation.  Canada is already approved, if it applies for membership.

(12) The Confederation accepts war debt from before the Articles.

(13) The Articles can only be changed if Congress and all of the state legislatures agree.

Congress of the Confederation
The Articles of Confederation created the Congress of the Confederation, which was formally named the "United States in Congress Assembled". It became the governing body of the United States. The Congress of the Confederation had both legislative and executive powers. This meant the Congress could make the laws and enforce the laws. The states sent delegates chosen from the state legislature. The states had one vote each.
The Committee of the States was also created by the Articles of Confederation. It was  also known as Council of State.  It was meant to be the government when the Congress of the Confederation was not meeting. Each state had one member. The Committee had one meeting in 1784. Why was it so difficult for the United States government under the Articles of Confederation to respond to revolts like Shay's Rebellion? The National Government could not draft an Army and use federal troops to respond to riots and revolts

Gallery
References 
 R. B. Bernstein, "Parliamentary Principles, American Realities: The Continental and Confederation Congresses, 1774-1789," in Inventing Congress: Origins & Establishment Of First Federal Congress ed by Kenneth R. Bowling and Donald R. Kennon (1999) pp 76–108
 Burnett, Edmund Cody. The Continental Congress: A Definitive History of the Continental Congress From Its Inception in 1774 to March, 1789 (1941)
 Barbara Feinberg, The Articles Of Confederation (2002). [for middle school children.]
 Robert W. Hoffert, A Politics of Tensions: The Articles of Confederation and American Political Ideas (1992).
 Lucille E. Horgan. Forged in War: The Continental Congress and the Origin of Military Supply and Acquisition Policy (2002)
 Merrill Jensen, The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774-1781 (1959).
Merrill Jensen: "The Idea of a National Government During the American Revolution", Political Science Quarterly, 58 (1943), 356-79. online at JSTOR
 Calvin Jillson and Rick K. Wilson. Congressional Dynamics: Structure, Coordination, and Choice in the First American Congress, 1774-1789. (1994)
 Forest McDonald.Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution. (1985)
 Andrew C. Mclaughlin, A Constitutional History of the United States (1935) online version
 Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (1998).
 Jackson T. Main, Political Parties before the Constitution. University of North Carolina Press, 1974
 Jack N. Rakove, The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress  (1982).
 Jack N. Rakove, “The Collapse of the Articles of Confederation,” in The American Founding: Essays on the Formation of the Constitution. Ed by J. Jackson Barlow, Leonard W. Levy and Ken Masugi. Greenwood Press. 1988. pp 225–45
Related pages
 History of the United States
 United States Declaration of Independence
 United States Constitution
 United States Bill of Rights

References

Further reading

Other websites 

 Text Version of the Articles of Confederation 
 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union 
 Articles of Confederation and related resources, Library of Congress
 Today in History: November 15, Library of Congress
 United States Constitution Online - The Articles of Confederation
 Free Download of Articles of Confederation Audio
 Audio narration (mp3) of the Articles of Confederation  at Americana Phonic
 The Articles of Confederation, Chapter 45 (see page 253) of Volume 4 of Conceived in Liberty by Murray Rothbard, in PDF format.

1781 in North America
Official documents of the United States
1780s in the United States
History of the United States is what happened in the past in the United States, a country in North America.

Native Americans lived in the Americas for thousands of years. English people in 1607 went to the place now called Jamestown, Virginia. Other European settlers went to the colonies, mostly from England and later Great Britain. France, Spain, and the Netherlands also colonized North America. In 1775, a war between the thirteen colonies and Britain began when the colonists were upset over paying taxation to their government in the UK, but were not being given any chance to vote in the UK/British elections, to contribute to how that money was spent.
Just after dawn on April 19, 1775, the British attempted to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts, thus beginning the war with the "Shot Heard Round the World." On July 4, 1776, Founding Fathers wrote the United States Declaration of Independence. They won the Revolutionary War and started a new country. They signed the constitution in 1787 and the Bill of Rights in 1791. General George Washington, who had led the war, became its first president. During the 19th century, the United States gained much more land in the West and began to become industrialized. In 1861, several states in the South attempted to leave the United States to start a new country called the Confederate States of America. This caused the American Civil War. After the war, Immigration resumed. Some Americans became very rich in this Gilded Age, and the country developed one of the largest economies in the world.
The United States and the Soviet Union entered the Cold War. This included wars in Korea and Vietnam. During this time, African-Americans, Chicanos, and women sought more rights. In the 1970s and 1980s, the United States started to make fewer things in factories. The country then went through the worst recession it had since the Great Depression. In the late 1980s, the Cold War ended, helping the United States out of recession. The Middle East became more important in American foreign policy, especially after the September 11 attacks in 2001. In the 2010s, Barack Obama's presidency helped many domestic problems in the country such as the auto business and healthcare coverage. After Obama, the country saw a rise in populist politics with the presidency of Donald Trump. In 2020, the country oversaw the COVID-19 pandemic, social unrest over racial justice and disputes over the 2020 election results which led to violent reactions.

Pre-Columbian America
The Pre-Columbian Era is the time before Christopher Columbus went to the Americas in 1492. At that time, Native Americans lived on the land that is now controlled by the United States. They had various cultures: Native Americans in the Eastern Woodlands hunted game and deer; Native Americans in the Northwest fished; Native Americans in the Southwest grew corn and built houses called pueblos; and Native Americans in the Great Plains hunted Bison. Around the year 1000, the Vikings visited Newfoundland. However, they did not settle there.

Colonial America 
The English tried to settle at Roanoke Island in 1585. The settlement did not last, and no one knows what happened to the people. In 1607, the first lasting English settlement was made at Jamestown, Virginia, by John Smith, John Rolfe and other Englishmen interested in gold and adventure. In its early years, many people in Virginia died of disease and starvation. The colony in Virginia lasted because it made money by planting tobacco, rice and cotton.
Great Britain was not the only country to settle what would become the United States. In the 1500s, Spain built a fort at Saint Augustine, Florida. France settled Louisiana, and the area around the Great Lakes. The Dutch settled New York, which they called New Netherland. Other areas were settled by Scotch-Irish, Germans, and Swedes. However, in time Britain controlled all of the colonies, and most American colonists adopted the British way of life. The growth of the colonies was not good for Native Americans. Many of them died of smallpox, a disease brought to America by the Europeans. The ones who lived lost their lands to the colonists.

In the early 1700s, there was a religious movement in the colonies called the Great Awakening. Preachers such as Jonathan Edwards preached sermons. One of them was called "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God". The Great Awakening may have led to the thinking used in the American Revolution.
By 1733, there were thirteen colonies. New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, and Charleston were the largest cities and main ports at that time.

From 1756 to 1763, England and France fought a war over their land in America called the Seven Years' War or the French and Indian War, which the British won. After the war, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 said that the colonists could not live west of the Appalachian Mountains. Many colonists who wanted to move to the frontier did not like the Proclamation.

American Revolution
After the French and Indian War, the colonists began to think that they were not getting their "rights as freeborn Englishman". This meant they wanted to be treated fairly by the English government. This was mainly caused by new taxes the British made the colonies pay to pay for the war. Americans called this "No taxation without representation", meaning that the colonists should not have to pay taxes unless they had votes in the British Parliament. Each tax was disliked, and replaced by another which led to more unity between the colonies. In 1770, colonists in Boston known as the Sons of Liberty got in a fight with British soldiers. This became known as the Boston Massacre. After the Tea Act, the Sons of Liberty dumped hundreds of boxes of tea in the sea. This was known as the Boston Tea Party (1773). This led to the British Army taking over Boston. After that, leaders of the 13 colonies formed a group called the Continental Congress ( 1774 )
. Many people were members of the Continental Congress, but some of the more important ones were Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Hancock, Roger Sherman and John Jay.