Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1859 - Militant abolitionist John Brown is hanged for the October 16 raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
1867 – In a New York City theater, British writer Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States.
1879 - British passenger ship Borussia sinks in the North Atlantic Ocean, killing 169 people.
1899 - Philippine-American War: Battle of Tirad Pass.
1908 – Child Emperor Pu Yi ascends the Chinese throne at the age of two.
1917 - World War I: Russia and the Central Powers sign an armistice at Brest-Litovsk.
1927 - Following 19 years of Ford Model T production, the Ford Motor Company unveils the Ford Model A as its automobile.
1930 – Great Depression: US President Herbert Hoover goes before the United States Congress and asks for a US$150 million public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy.
1939 - LaGuardia Airport, belonging to New York City, opens.
1942 – Manhattan Project: A team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
1943 – A Luftwaffe bombing raid on the harbour of Bari, Italy, sinks an American ship with a mustard gas stockpile.
1949 - Convention against human trafficking and prostitution is adopted by United Nations.
1951  2000 
1954 – The United States Senate votes 65 to 22 to condemn Joseph McCarthy for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute."
1956 - Fidel Castro and 80 other members of the 26th July Movement start on their journey to start the Cuban Revolution, landing in Oriente province.
1959 - The Malpasset Dam breaks in Southern France, killing 421 people.
1961 – In a nationally broadcast speech, Cuban leader Fidel Castro declares that he is a Marxist-Leninist and that Cuba is going to adopt Communism.
1970 - The US Environmental Protection Agency begins operations.
1971 – Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai, and Umm al-Quwain form the United Arab Emirates. Ras al-Khaimah joins in February 1972.
1972 – Gough Whitlam becomes Prime Minister of Australia.
1975 - The Communist political party Pathet Lao takes power in Laos, creating the Lao People's Democratic Republic, with Souphanouvong as its first leader.
1976 – Fidel Castro becomes President of Cuba replacing Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado.
1980 - El Salvador Civil War: Four American nuns and a churchwoman are murdered by military death squad.
1982 - At the University of Utah, Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart.
1988 – Benazir Bhutto becomes Prime Minister of Pakistan, making her the first woman to lead a mainly-Muslim country.
1990 – A coalition led by Chancellor Helmut Kohl wins the first free all-German elections since 1932.
1993 – Drug dealer Pablo Escobar is shot dead by Colombian police.
1999 – The United Kingdom devolves political power in Northern Ireland to the Northern Ireland Executive.
From 2001 
2001 – Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
2004 - Typhoon Nanmadol kills about 1,000 people in the Philippines.
2008 – Somchai Wongsawat resigns as Prime Minister of Thailand.
2010 – Russia and Qatar are announced as hosts of the FIFA World Cup, for 2018 and 2022 respectively.
2019 - Climate change talks begin in Madrid.

Births
Up to 1900 
885 - Li Cunxu, Chinese Emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty (d. 926)
1578 – Agostino Agazzari, Italian composer and music theorist (d. 1640)
1694 – William Shirley, colonial Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1771)
1710 - Bertinazzi, Italian actor and writer (d. 1783)
1754 - William Cooper, American judge and politician (d. 1809)
1760 – John Breckinridge, American politician (d. 1806)
1760 - Joseph Graetz, German composer, organist and educator (d. 1826)
1810 - Henry Yesler, 7th Mayor of Seattle (d. 1892)
1825 – Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (d. 1891)
1827 - William Burges, English architect and designer (d. 1881)
1837 - Joseph Bell, Scottish surgeon, physician and forensics pioneer (d. 1911)
1846 – Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, French statesman (d. 1904)
1859 – Georges Seurat, French painter (d. 1891)
1866 - Harry Burleigh, American composer (d. 1949)
1873 - Eduardo Schaerer, President of Paraguay (d. 1941)
1874 - Joseph Olivier, French rugby player (d. 1901)
1885 – George Richards Minot, American physician (d. 1950)
1891 – Otto Dix, German painter and graphic artist (d. 1969)
1891 - Charles H. Wesley, American historian and writer (d. 1987)
1893 - Leo Ornstein, Russian-American pianist and composer (d. 2002)
1895 - Harriet Cohen, English pianist (d. 1967)
1897 – Hovhannes Bagramyan, Soviet politician (d. 1982)
1898 - Indra Lal Roy, Indian pilot (d. 1918)
1899 – John Barbirolli, English conductor (d. 1970)
1899 – John Cobb, British racing driver (d. 1952)
1901  1950 
1901 – Raimundo Orsi, Argentine-Italian footballer (d. 1986)
1909 - Pietro Arcari, Italian footballer (d. 1988)
1909 - Marion Dönhoff, German journalist and Resistance activist (d. 2002)
1913 - Marc Platt, American ballet dancer, musical theatre performer and actor (d. 2014)
1914 – Ray Walston, American actor (d. 2001)
1915 – Prince Mikasa, Japanese royal (d. 2016)
1921 - Carlo Furno, Italian cardinal (d. 2015)
1923 – Maria Callas, Greek-American soprano (d. 1977)
1924 – Alexander Haig, American politician, United States Secretary of State (d. 2010)
1925 – Julie Harris, American actress (d. 2013)
1929 - Leon Litwack, American historian and writer
1930 – Gary Becker, American economist (d. 2014)
1931 - Nigel Calder, English science writer (d. 2014)
1931 - Masaaki Hatsumi, Japanese martial artist
1931 - Edwin Meese, 75th United States Attorney General
1933 - Mike Larrabee, American sprinter
1934 - Tarcisio Bertone, Italian cardinal and diplomat
1934 – Sissela Bok, Swedish philosopher and ethicist
1937 - Manohar Joshi, 15th Chief Minister of Maharashtra, India
1939 – Harry Reid, American politician (d. 2021)
1943 - Wayne Allard, American politician
1944 - Cathy Lee Crosby, American actress
1944 – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (d. 2006)
1946 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (d. 1997)
1947 - Andy Rouse, English racing driver
1947 – Rudolf Scharping, German politician
1948 – Antonin Manenka, Czechoslovakian footballer
1948 - Patricia Hewitt, British politician
1948 - Toninho Horta, Brazilian guitarist
1950 - Paul Watson, Canadian-American conservationist
1951  1975 
1954 - Dan Butler, American actor
1956 - Steven Bauer, American actor
1957 - Dagfinn Hoybraten, Norwegian politician
1958 - Vladimir Parfenovich, Belarus canoe racer
1960 - Justus von Dohnanyi, German actor
1960 - Deb Haaland, American politician
1960 – Rick Savage, British musician (Def Leppard)
1962 - Kardam, Prince of Turnovo, Spanish-Bulgarian nobleman
1963 - Don Gaulthier, American actor
1963 - Brendan Coyle, British actor
1967 - Mary Creagh, British politician
1967 - Laurie Morgan, 1st Chief Minister of Guernsey
1968 – David Batty, English footballer
1968 – Nate Mendel, American musician (Foo Fighters)
1968 – Lucy Liu, American actress
1968 - Rena Sofer, American actress
1970 - Yang Hyuk-suk, South Korean singer-songwriter and producer
1971 – Francesco Toldo, Italian footballer
1971 - Mine Yoshizaki, Japanese illustrator
1972 – Sergei Zholtok, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2004)
1973 – Monica Seles, Yugoslavian-born tennis player
1973 – Jan Ullrich, German cyclist
From 1976 
1976 - Masafumi Gotch, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
1978 – Maelle Ricker, Canadian snowboarder
1978 – Nelly Furtado, Canadian singer and songwriter
1978 – Chris Wolstenholme, English bassist (Muse)
1978 - Jarron Collins, American basketball player
1978 - Jason Collins, American basketball player
1979 - Sabina Babayeva, Azerbaijani singer
1979 – Yvonne Catterfeld, German singer and actress
1981 – Britney Spears, American singer
1983 – Chris Burke, Scottish footballer
1983 – Aaron Rodgers, American football player
1983 - Daniela Ruah, Portuguese-American actress
1985 - Amaury Leveaux, French swimmer
1985 - Dorrell Wright, American basketball player
1986 - Adam le Fondre, English footballer
1987 - Teairra Mari, American singer-songwriter and actress
1988 - Soniya Mehra, Indian actress
1988 - Stephen McGinn, Scottish footballer
1989 - Cassie Steele, Canadian singer-songwriter
1989 - Richard Tait, Scottish footballer
1990 - Gastón Ramírez, Uruguayan footballer
1990 - Hikaru Yaotome, Japanese singer-songwriter
1990 - Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu, Ghanaian footballer
1991 - Brandon Knight, American basketball player
1991 - Charlie Puth, American singer and songwriter
1993 - Dylan McLaughlin, American actor
1994 - Cauley Woodrow, English footballer
1998 - Amber Montana, American actress
1998 - Juice Wrld, American rapper (d. 2019)
Up to 1900 
1348 – Emperor Hanazano of Japan (b. 1297)
1463 - Albert IV, Archduke of Austria (b. 1418)
1469 – Piero di Cosimo de' Medici of Florence (b. 1416)
1547 – Hernán Cortés, Spanish explorer (b. 1485)
1594 – Gerardus Mercator, Flemish mapmaker (b. 1512)
1694 - Pierre Paul Puget, French painter, sculptor and architect (b. 1622)
1723 - Philippe II, Duke of Orleans, French nobleman (b. 1674)
1774 - Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer and organist (b. 1720)
1794 – Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, German physician and theologian (b. 1715)
1810 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (b. 1777)
1814 – Marquis de Sade, French philosopher (b. 1740)
1815 – Jan Potocki, Polish writer and historian (b. 1761)
1844 - Eustachy Erazm-Sanguszko, Polish general and politician (b. 1768)
1849 – Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Queen Consort of William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1792)
1859 – John Brown, American abolitionist (b. 1800)
1863 – Jane Pierce, American First Lady, wife of Franklin Pierce (b. 1806)
1881 - Jenny von Westphalen, German writer, wife of Karl Marx (b. 1814)
1888 - Namik Kemal, Turkish poet (b. 1840)
1889 - Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (b. 1825)
1901  2000 
1918 - Edmond Rostand, French poet and playwright (b. 1868)
1943 – Nordahl Grieg, Norwegian writer and journalist (b. 1902)
1944 – Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italian writer (b. 1876)
1944 - Eiji Sawamura, Japanese baseball player (b. 1917)
1950 - Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist and composer (b. 1917)
1953 - Tran Kong Kim, Vietnamese scholar and politician (b. 1883)
1966 - Luitzen Egbertus Jon Brouwer, Dutch mathematician and philosopher (b. 1881)
1969 - Jose Maria Arguedas, Peruvian writer, poet and anthropologist (b. 1911)
1969 - Kliment Voroshilov, Soviet politician (b. 1881)
1972 - Yip Man, Chinese martial artist (b. 1893)
1974 – Max Weber, Swiss politician (b. 1897)
1980 – Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1905)
1980 – Romain Gary, Lithuanian-born French writer (b. 1914)
1982 – Marty Feldman, British-American actor and director (b. 1934)
1982 – Giovanni Ferrari, Italian footballer (b. 1907)
1985 – Philip Larkin, English poet (b. 1922)
1986 – Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born actor and bandleader (b. 1917)
1986 - Lee Dorsey, American singer (b. 1924)
1987 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-Argentine chemist (b. 1906)
1987 - Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Belarussian physicist, astronomer and cosmologist (b. 1914)
1988 - Tata Giacobetti, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1922)
1990 – Aaron Copland, American composer (b. 1900)
1993 – Pablo Escobar, Colombian druglord (b. 1949)
1995 - Robertson Davies, Canadian writer (b. 1913)
1999 – Charlie Byrd, American jazz musician (b. 1925)
From 2001 
2004 – Alicia Markova, British ballet dancer (b. 1910)
2005 – Kenneth Lee Boyd, American convicted murderer (b. 1948)
2009 – Eric Woolfson, British musician and producer (b. 1945)
2010 – Ron Santo, American baseball player (b. 1940)
2011 – Chiyono Hasegawa, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1896)
2011 – Bill Tapia, American musician (b. 1908)
2012 - Ehsan Naraghi, Iranian sociologist and writer (b. 1926)
2013 - Pedro Rocha, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1942)
2013 - William Allain, 58th Governor of Mississippi (b. 1928)
2013 - Christopher Evan Welch, American actor (b. 1965)
2013 - Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (b. 1930)
2013 - Salim Kallas, Syrian actor and politician (b. 1936)
2013 - Brian Hitchen, English newspaper editor (b. 1936)
2014 - Bobby Keys, American saxophonist (b. 1943)
2014 - A. R. Antulay, Indian politician, Chief Minister of Maharashtra (b. 1929)
2014 - Jean Beliveau, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1931)
2014 - Don Laws, American figure skater and coach (b. 1929)
2015 - Sandy Berger, American political consultant (b. 1945)
2015 - Gabriele Ferzetti, Italian actor (b. 1925)
2015 - George Sakato, American soldier (b. 1921)
2016 - Sammy Lee, American diver (b. 1920)
2016 - Gisela May, German actress (b. 1924)
2017 - Ulli Lommel, German actor and director (b. 1944)
2017 - Mundell Lowe, American jazz guitarist and composer (b. 1922)
2017 - Edwin Mosquera, Colombian weightlifter (b. 1985)
2017 - Ewald Schurer, German politician (b. 1954)
2017 - Nava Semel, Israeli writer and playwright (b. 1954)
2018 - Séry Bailly, Ivorian writer and politician (b. 1948)
2018 - Ugo De Censi, Italian-Peruvian priest (b. 1924)
2018 - Paul Sherwen, English racing cyclist (b. 1956)
2019 - George Atkinson III, American football player (b. 1992)
2019 - Jimmy Cavallo, American rock music saxophonist (b. 1927)
2019 - D. C. Fontana, American television scriptwriter and story editor (b. 1939)
2019 - Francesco Janich, Italian footballer (b. 1937)
2019 - Robert K. Massie, American historian (b. 1929)
Holidays and observances
Laos – National Day
United Arab Emirates – National Day (independence from Britain, 1971)
 International Day for the Abolition of Slavery – United Nations

December 02
A Clockwork Orange is an English dystopian novella written by Anthony Burgess and published in 1962.

Through the actions and experiences of the teenaged, charming but sociopathic, Alex, it explores mankind's violent nature. The novel is set in a not-so-distant future society with a culture of extreme youth rebellion and violence. It satirizes trends in youth culture that were around in the 1960s in the West, and to some extent still present today. The dramatic events throw a light on human free will to choose between good or evil, and the weakness of free will as a solution to evil. Alex and his three goons (friends who do bad things) do various crimes, mainly assaulting everyone: brutally for the men, and sexually for the women. He is sent to prison for murdering a woman whilst burgling her house.
Burgess experiments with language by writing in a Russian-influenced argot (slang) called "Nadsat" which is used by the novel’s teenage anti-hero in his first-person narrative, and the younger characters. According to Burgess, the novel was a jeu d'esprit written in just three weeks.

In 2005, A Clockwork Orange was included on Time magazine's list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923, and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. The original manuscript of the book was bought by McMaster University. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in 1971.

The best known adaptation of the novel to other forms is the 1971 movie A Clockwork Orange by Stanley Kubrick, starring Malcolm McDowell as Alex. A 1965 film by Andy Warhol entitled Vinyl was also an adaptation of Burgess' novel.

Awards 
2008 - Prometheus Award (Hall of Fame Award)

References
References 

1962 books
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Crime fiction books
British novellas
Fiction set in the future
Rape in fiction
English novels
False means untrue. If something is false, it means it is not real. A falsehood is anything said that is not true. A falsehood can also be a series of lies, told to "prove" something that is false itself.

In logic, "false" is one of the truth values (with the other one being 'true'). This is written as , F or 0.

Related pages 

 Contradiction

References 

Logic
Basic English 850 words
Marine biology is the study of any living plant or animal in the sea. Marine biologists study it. Like other scientists, marine biologists must know a lot about the creatures they are studying. They also must understand how the sea works. The study of how the sea works is oceanography.

History 
During the Age of Discovery many ships sailed far from home. Captain James Cook went twice around the world and discovered new places. Another person who helped is Charles Darwin, known for the Theory of Evolution. He worked in marine biology. His expeditions aboard the HMS Beagle from 18311836  collected marine organisms. Several other people also made important voyages. Alfred Russel Wallace spent much of his younger life travelling the world and recording the plants and animals he saw.

Marine animals 
Marine animals include squids, corals, whales and fish.  Marine plants include sea grasses and algae.  The Census of Marine Life was a ten-year project of marine biology.
The lion-fish has a pattern of red, white, cream, or black stripes. This fish is an invasive species. This means that it should not be in as many waters as it is. Another animal is the clownfish is usually orange, or yellow, and black and white stripes. They are part of the Amphiprioninae family.

Marine biologist 
Previous education is a bachelor's degree in biology, followed by at least an MSc in marine biology.

The ocean is large and marine biologists work in many subfields like zoology, invertebrate, ichthyology, and physiology.  Others study physical traits like scales, scales, or eyes.  Biologists also study animal behavior.

Other websites 

 What is a marine biologist? -Careers
 What is marine biology? -University of Texas

Biological oceanography
The President of Russia is the head of state and head of the executive of the central government of Russia and the commander in chief of the Russian Armed Forces.

The current president is Vladimir Putin. Boris Yeltsin was the first president of Russia, Vladimir Putin was second and fourth, and Dmitry Medvedev was the third. The President's duties are listed in the 1993 Russian Constitution. The president directs the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation.

The first inauguration took place on 10 July 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union.  Mikhail Gorbachev having to resign sealed the fate of the Soviet Union.  The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic  became the Russian Federation.

Inauguration of the President of Russia is done six years after the last inauguration (since 2000, this 7th of May).

In case of the President's death, resignation or removal from office, the Prime Minister serves as acting president until a replacement is appointed.

List of presidents
List of presidents

Living former Presidents
As of , one former president is alive:

The most recent president to die was Boris Yeltsin, who died on April 23, 2007.

References

Other websites
Official site of the President of Russia

Presidents of Russia
Silvio Berlusconi (29 September 1936 – 12 June 2023) was an Italian politician and businessman. He was Prime Minister of Italy from May 1994 to January 1995, June 2001 to May 2006, and May 2008 to November 2011. He was the first to become Prime Minister without first holding another office. He is the leader of a coalition named Forza Italia.

Berlusconi is also the most important manager of Italy, he is the owner of television group Mediaset, of the editorial group "Mondadori" and of the Bank group Mediolanum SpA. He was born in Milan. In July 2020, his net worth was at US$6.3 billion.
Berlusconi had some problems with justice, including fraud (1994, 1996) and corruption (1998). In the 1990s he entered politics and he has been Head of Government in 1994, in 2001 and since 2008 to 2011. On 26 October 2012, he was convicted of fraud. On 1 August 2013, his jail term got confirmed, he will have to serve 4 years, in house arrest, because of his old age. In 2013, Berlusconi was convicted of paying for sex with an underage girl. This conviction was overturned on 18 July 2014.

In 2019, he was elected a member of the European Parliament during the 2019 elections. He was an MEP previously between 1999 and 2001. He was seen as a possible candidate for President of Italy in the 2022 elections.

On 2 September 2020, during the worldwide coronavirus pandemic, Berlusconi tested positive to COVID-19. The next day, he was hospitalized in Milan with pneumonia. He was released from the hospital on 14 September.
In April 2023, it was revealed that Berlusconi had leukemia. He died on the morning of 12 June 2023 at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, Italy from the disease at the age of 86.

References

Other websites 

 Official party site, in Italian

1936 births
2023 deaths
Italian criminals
Fraudsters
Italian businesspeople
Italian Roman Catholics
People acquitted of sex crimes
Politicians from Milan
MEPs for Italy
Prime Ministers of Italy
Burundi (officially called the Republic of Burundi) is a small country in Africa. The capital of Burundi is Gitega. The official languages of Burundi are Kirundi, French and English. There are about eight and a half million people in Burundi. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world.

History 
In 1962, Burundi gained independence from Belgium.

Provinces, communes and collines 
Burundi is divided into 18 provinces, 117 communes, and 2,638 collines (hills). Provincial governments are based on these boundaries. In 2000, the province encompassing Bujumbura was separated into two provinces, Bujumbura Rural and Bunjumbura Mairie.

The provinces are:

Largest cities
These are the largest cities in Burundi:
Geography 
One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi is landlocked. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It has an equatorial climate. Burundi is a part of the Albertine Rift, the western extension of the East African Rift.

The country lies on a rolling plateau in the center of Africa. The average elevation of the central plateau is , with lower elevations at the borders.  The highest peak, Mount Heha at , is southeast of Bujumbura. The source of the Nile River is in Burundi province. It is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters by the Ruvyironza River. Lake Victoria is also an important water source.  It serves as a fork to the Kagera River. Another major lake is Lake Tanganyika in Burundi's southwestern corner.

Burundi's lands are mostly agricultural or pasture. Settlement by rural populations has led to deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat loss.
There are two national parks: Kibira National Park and Ruvubu National Park. Both were formed in 1982 to keep wildlife populations.

Related pages
 Burundi at the Olympics
 Burundi national football team
 List of rivers of Burundi

References 

Notes

Other websites
 
 

 
States and territories established in the 1960s
1962 establishments in Africa
French-speaking countries
Least developed countries
Espoo () is the second largest city in Uusimaa, Finland. As of January 2014, more than 260,000 people lived in Espoo. Other municipalities near to it are Kauniainen, Vantaa, Kirkkonummi, Nurmijärvi, Vihti and the capital Helsinki.

Nature
There are several lakes in the northern parts of Espoo. Example Lippajärvi, Pitkäjärvi, Nuuksion Pitkäjärvi and Velskolan Pitkäjärvi.

Other websites
 
 Official Espoo site 
 Travelling quide
A hospital is a place where a person goes to be healed when he or she is sick or injured. The difference between a hospital and other healthcare places like a clinic or a doctor's office is that a hospital will have beds where patients can stay overnight. These patients are called inpatients. The goal of inpatient treatment is to provide 24-7 medical stabilization, which is why this type of treatment has more of a hospital-like feel since patients are monitored by doctors, nurses, therapists, and social workers. Treatment is structured and has a schedule that can include individual therapy, group therapy, case management, and support groups.

Hospitals also treat people who do not stay overnight, called outpatients. Doctors and nurses work at hospitals. Doctors make use of advanced medical technology to heal patients.
Patients who are staying at the hospital will always be under the care of doctors and nurses who are always available for taking care of the injured or sick patients. Hospitals always have the tools and machines needed for treating the patients.

The word hospital originally meant "a place where people can stay". There have been hospitals for sick people since ancient times. They were often created and run by religious groups. In the early modern period, hospitals began to be funded by donations from rich people and by governments. Today, hospitals might get money from the government, from charging patients for treatments and check-ups, from patients' health insurance, from people giving to charity or a mixture of those things.

Related pages
 Intensive care unit

References

Other websites

Basic English 850 words
A nose is a body part which allows animals to smell things. The nose also helps animals breathe. It has parts that make it work and send messages to the brain. The nose's parts include smell receptors and nerve connectors to receptors. In humans, the nose is on the front of the face. The power of the nose varies for animals. For example, dogs have a stronger sense of smell than humans do. It is part of the respiratory system which is the system in animals that help them to breathe. Your nose is very powerful and can remember up to 50,000 different scents. 

The nose is important to health. It filters the air breathed in, removing dust, germs, and irritants. It warms and moistens the air to keep the lungs and tubes that lead to them from drying out. The nose also contains nerve cells that help the sense of smell. When there is a problem with the nose, the whole body can suffer. For example, the stuffy nose of the common cold can make it hard to breathe, sleep, or get comfortable.
Many problems besides the common cold can affect the nose. They include
 Deviated septum - a shifting of the wall that divides the nasal cavity into halves
 Nasal polyps - soft growths that develop on the lining of the nose or sinuses
 Nosebleeds
 Rhinitis - inflammation of the nose and sinuses sometimes caused by allergies. The main symptom is a runny nose.
 Nasal fractures, also known as a broken nose

Related pages
 Nose-picking

Basic English 850 words
Anatomy of the respiratory system
Love is a mix of feelings and actions that shows a deep liking for someone or something. Love involves caring for another. Romantic love can lead to things such as dating, marriage and sex, but a person can also feel for friends, such as platonic love, or family.
There are also chemical reactions within the brain that can be triggered by the different types of love.

Forms of love 
There are many kinds of love. There can be self-love, love towards a friend (such as platonic love), love in romance, towards family, toward God, or towards an object or idea. 
Often love can be confused with other feelings. Being sexually or physically attracted is the feeling of lust. Lust and love may be thought of as different. Normal friendship is a form of love that can be distracted by lust and misunderstanding.
First love 
People describe the person that they first loved romantically as their "first love." For example, in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is Juliet's very first love. At that time, she was only 13. In Maria Edgeworth's book Belinda, Mr. Vincent says, "First loves are silly things."

Chemical basis 
The biological model of lust is different from love because it is more like hunger or thirst. Helen Fisher, an expert in the topic of romantic love, divides it into three stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust makes people like each other, attraction encourages people to focus on mating, and attachment helps people tolerate the spouse (or the child).
Lust is the passionate sexual desire that promotes mating. This usually lasts only a few weeks or months. Attraction is more for one person specially. Recent studies in neuroscience say that as people fall in love, the brain releases chemicals, including dopamine. These chemicals make people less hungry and sleepy, and also adds an intense feeling of excitement. Research shows that this stage normally lasts from one and a half to three years.

Since these lust and attraction stages are both described as temporary, a third stage might describe long-term love. Attachment can be used to describe the bonding period that helps keep husband and wife together for many years. Attachment occurs in the longer term.
Love and health
Love has consequences for health and well-being. Joyful activities such as love activate areas in the brain responsible for emotion, attention,
motivation and memory, and it may further lead to reduction of cortisol, which reduces stress. Some people usually do not feel love. They are called aromantics. The enhanced feeling of love which corresponds to the sound health can be achieved by reading love shayari.

Related pages

Saint Valentine

Notes 

Basic English 850 words
Love
Healthy lifestyle
Jackson started his professional career performing with his older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon in The Jackson 5 in 1964. In 1971, he started a solo career while also being a member of The Jackson 5 and during that period, he released four solo studio albums Got to Be There (1972), Ben (1972), Music & Me (1973), and Forever, Michael (1975). He released the best-selling album of all time, Thriller in 1982, with estimated sales of 110 million copies worldwide. The video for "Thriller" showed him dancing like a zombie and other dancers around him were zombies as well. "Thriller" includes famous songs like "Beat It" and "Billie Jean". The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jackson wrote other well-known songs such as ''Bad'', "Black or White", "Heal the World", and "Earth Song". Through music videos and live performances, he is known for popularizing dance moves such as the robot and the moonwalk. He won many awards and broke records
. Guinness World Records says he is the most successful entertainer of all time. Jackson is also remembered for giving money to charities and pioneering efforts in charitable fundraising in the entertainment industry. Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities, more than any other entertainer. He is one of the best-selling music artists in history, with worldwide sales between 400 million to one billion records.
His other studio albums, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995), and Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997) also rank among the world's best selling albums. He released his last studio album Invincible (2001).

Aspects of Jackson's personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. He was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993, but the case was settled out of court. In 2003, Jackson was charged with child sexual abuse by Garvin Arvizo. In 2005, Jackson was found not guilty of all charges. While preparing for his comeback concert series, This Is It, Jackson died of an overdose of propofol on June 25, 2009, after having a cardiac arrest. Jackson's doctor, Conrad Murray, was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. On July 7, there was a memorial service for Jackson. It was on television and 2.5-3 billion people watched it. This made it the most-watched funeral ever.
Life and career

1958-1975
Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, at St Mary's Mercy Hospital in Gary, Indiana to a family of Jehovah's Witnesses. He was the eighth of Katherine and Joe Jackson's ten children. Jackson's father Joseph was a steel mill worker.

On January 1, 1964, Jackson and his brother Marlon joined their older brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine's band, The Jackson Brothers, in the band's first public performance. Jackson was five years old.

When Jackson was 8, he started being the band's main singer with Jermaine. The group's name then changed to The Jackson 5. The group won an important talent show in 1966. In 1968 they were signed to a famous record label called Motown Records. Their first Motown single "I Want You Back" was No.1 in the US.

In 1971, Jackson released his first song singing on his own, "Got to Be There" from his album "Got to Be There". It reached No.4 in the Billboard 100. Three more singles were released from the album.
On August 4, 1972, his second album Ben was released. The single "Ben" was his first solo No.1.

In 1974, Jackson hosted the first American Music Awards with Donny Osmond, Rodney Allen Rippy, and Ricky Segall.

In 1975, The Jackson 5 left Motown. They were signed to CBS Records in June 1975. On CBS Records they changed their name to The Jacksons.

1976-1981
In 1976, The Jacksons got their own TV show on CBS. The show was cancelled in March 1977.

On October 24, 1978, a movie called The Wiz was released. The movie was a remake of The Wizard of Oz with all black actors. Jackson acted as Scarecrow.

On December 17, 1978, The Jacksons' twelfth album was released. It was the first album they had produced. Jackson wrote the album's second single "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" with Randy Jackson. It reached No.7 in the US Hot 100.
In December 1978, Jackson started making his first solo album on Epic Records, Off the Wall with Quincy Jones. It was released on August 10, 1979. The album got good reviews and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance.

The Jacksons' thirteenth album Triumph was released in 1980.

1982-1983
 In 1982 Jackson made "Somewhere in the Dark" for the E.T. soundtrack. It won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children in 1984. That year Jackson won seven other Grammys for his album Thriller.

On October 18, 1982, the first single from Thriller, "The Girl Is Mine", was released. It was sung with Paul McCartney. Some people thought that the album wasn't going to be very good because of the song.

Jackson's sixth solo album Thriller was released on November 30, 1982. Jackson didn't do a tour for the album. This album went on to become the best-selling album of all time.

In 1983 Jackson made three songs with Freddie Mercury.

1984-1985
1984-1985

"Somebody's Watching Me", a single by Rockwell with Jackson singing on the chorus, was released January 14, 1984. It reached number one in Spain and France.

On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi Cola commercial. Michael's hair caught on fire and he was rushed to hospital. Pepsi gave Jackson $1.5 million. He gave it to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California. In May 1984 "Farewell My Summer Love", a song that Jackson made it 1973, was released as a single. It reached number seven in the UK Singles Chart.

The Jacksons' album Victory was released on July 2, 1984. Between July and December 1984 Jackson toured with his brothers. He won eight awards at the 1984 American Music Awards, the most anyone has ever won at once. He also won Best International Solo Artist and Best International Album at the BRIT Awards.
Jermaine Jackson released his tenth album, Jermaine Jackson. Michael sang on a song from the album, "Tell Me I'm Not Dreaming' (Too Good to Be True)". It was nominated for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 1985 Grammy Awards.

In August 1985, Jackson bought music publisher ATV Music for $47.5 million. They owned the rights to The Beatles.

Jackson wrote "We Are the World" with Lionel Richie in 1985. The song was recorded by USA for Africa. It was released as a single around the world to make money to give to starving people in Africa. It sold over 20 million copies. It also won four Grammy Awards.
1986-1990
In August 1987, Bad was released. Jackson wanted it to sell 100 million copies. It has sold over 45 million copies. Five of the album's seven singles were No.1 in the US. They were "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana". Until Katy Perry's success with her 2010 album Teenage Dream, Jackson was the only musician to ever have had that many singles from one album be No.1. From September 1987 to January 1989, Jackson did the Bad World Tour. This was the first tour that he did on his own. In 1988 Moonwalk, a book that Jackson wrote about his life, was published. It took Jackson four years to write. The book sold 200,000 copies. Jackson then released Moonwalker, a movie he made. In 1989 some video games about the movie were released by U.S. Gold.
In 1986, Disneyland and EPCOT started showing a short film called Captain EO that had Jackson in it.
Jackson sang "You Were There" at Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th birthday. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for it.

The Jacksons released their last album 2300 Jackson Street in 1989. Michael sang on the album's second single 2300 Jackson Street with his brothers and two of their sisters, Janet and Rebbie. Michael was also in the music video for the song.

Jackson won the Grammy Award for Best Music Video, Short Form in 1989 for "Leave Me Alone".
1991-1993
Jackson's eighth studio album Dangerous was released on November 26, 1991. It was produced with Teddy Riley. It is a new jack swing album. It was Jackson's first album to have a rapper on it. Nine singles were released from the album. On June 27, 1992, Jackson started the Dangerous World Tour. All of the money Jackson made from the tour was given to charities such as the Heal the World Foundation, having grossed $100 million, Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 70 concerts. The tour was supposed to last until Christmas 1992. However, Jackson ended the tour on November 11, 1993, because he was ill and needed to go to the hospital. Jackson performed at the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII in January 1993.
1994-1996
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I, Jackson's ninth studio album, was released July 16 1995. The album has two discs. The first disc is a collection of some of his greatest hits. The second disc is fifteen songs recorded in late 1994 and early 1995. Thirteen of the songs are new. Two of them are cover versions. In August 1995 the album's single "You Are Not Alone" became the first single ever to go straight to No.1 in the US. HIStory won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The video for the single "Scream" went in the Guinness Book of World Records for being the most expensive short film ever made. In 1996, he started his HIStory World Tour and ended in 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in five continents, 35 countries, and 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans, and grossed a total of $165 million, becoming Jackson's most successful tour in terms of audience figures. Jackson released a short film called Ghosts in 1997. He wrote it with Stephen King.
1997-1999
In 1997, Blood on the Dance Floor was released. It is the best-selling remix album ever made. There were five new songs on the album. The album's first single was a new song called "Blood on the Dancefloor". The album and its first single were No.1 in the UK.

2000-2003
Jackson won Artist of the 1980s at the American Music Awards in 2000.

On October 30, 2001 Invincible, Jackson's last studio album, was released. The album got good and bad reviews. It was No.1 in 12 countries and sold 13 million copies around the world. But compared to Jackson's earlier albums, it was unsuccessful. The album's first single "You Rock My World" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.

Jackson won his 22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century in 2002.
On November 17, 2003, an album called Number Ones was released. It is a collection of Jackson's hits. There is also a new song on the album called "One More Chance". It was released as a single. It reached number one in three countries. The album was released as a DVD too.

2004-2009
In 2006, Sony released twenty of Jackson's popular singles on video.

In March 2009, Jackson told the press that he was going to do a tour called This Is It. He said that he might stop making music after this. Jackson practiced his singing and dancing for the tour in Los Angeles with Kenny Ortega. Jackson died of an overdose of Propofol on June 25, 2009, after having a cardiac arrest, and his personal physician, Conrad Murray, was convicted of involuntary manslaughter.
During an Interview on YouTube during the BBC UK Show featuring "Michael Jackson's This Is It" Michael talked about the future of his career and that he "may" be retiring after his "This Is It" Tour, but he wasn't sure if he would or not. However, due to his death in 2009, the show was cancelled. Some show-goers who paid for tickets wanted refunds but the Jackson Estate did not provide any.

Voice
Jackson's voice changed from boy soprano to spinto tenor between 1971 and 1975. He sang 'come on' wrongly on purpose so that it sounded like 'shamone'. Jackson had a three-octave vocal range. He is the most well-known musician to use the 'vocal hiccup'. He first used it in 1973 on "It's Too Late to Change the Time" on The Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album.

Personal life
Jackson lived a well-publicized personal life even though he tried to stay private. He was often in celebrity and tabloid magazines. Later in his life, he was in magazines because of his personal life more than for his music.
Marriages and children
He was married to Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley in 1994, before divorcing her in 1995 and marrying nurse Debbie Rowe in 1996. Three months after Rowe and Jackson's marriage she gave birth to a son, Michael Joseph Jackson Jr. The next year she gave birth to a daughter, Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson.
The couple divorced in April 2000. Prince Michael II was born on February 21, 2002. Jackson never said who the mother was. He is better known as Blanket. When Blanket was 8 months old Jackson held him over a balcony. Blanket has a towel over his head. At the time, people did not know that he was called Blanket. Jackson made a public apology after people were upset. After Jackson died, his mother Katherine was made the guardian of his children. In August 2012, Jackson's cousin TJ was made the children's co-guardian.
Bubbles
Bubbles (born 1983) is a common chimpanzee, known for being the one-time pet of American recording artist Michael Jackson. Jackson bought the animal from a Texas research facility in the 1980s. The animal was a frequent travel companion to the singer, whose attachment to the animal led to media mockery and, among other factors, to a public perception of Jackson as an eccentric. The chimp, for example, was permitted to use Jackson's personal toilet.
Their human-animal bond, as well as the entertainer's other alleged eccentricities, contributed to the media epithet "Wacko Jacko", a nickname Jackson would eventually come to despise. The media often focused on Bubbles, rather than on Jackson's music, and published many false stories regarding the animal. One such story was an allegation that Bubbles was not a single ape, but one of several.

Claims of sexual abuse 
In 1993, he was accused of child molestation, but there was no trial; the case was settled out of court.
In 2003, he was accused a second time of child molestation. This happened after a documentary called Living With Michael Jackson was shown on TV. In the documentary, Jackson held hands with a 12-year-old boy called Gavin Arvizo and said that he shared his bed with children. His accuser was Gavin Arvizo. He was 13 years old when he made the allegations. This time Jackson went to court and was found not guilty of fourteen charges in 2005.

In May 2013, a dancer called Wade Robson appeared on the Today show. He alleged that Jackson sexually abused him for 7 years. Prior to this, Robson had vehemently defended Jackson, including twice under oath.
Appearance and health
Over the years, his changing facial appearance and lightening skin color attracted much attention. From childhood, Jackson had afro hair. His hair caught fire during the filming of a Pepsi commercial in 1984. Jackson got second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson started taking painkillers for the very bad pain caused by the burns. Jackson always wore a hairpiece or wig in his later years that blended with his natural hair. His autopsy found that his scalp was tattooed black so that it blended in with his wigs.
He claimed to have had only a little plastic surgery to his face. He said that puberty, weight loss and his vegetarian diet had changed his face. People said that Jackson bleached his skin to make it lighter. In a television interview with Oprah Winfrey in 1993 he said he had a rare skin condition called vitiligo. When Jackson died, the autopsy found that he did have vitiligo. This disease made many white spots on Jackson's skin. Jackson used makeup and medication to even out his skin color to treat his vitiligo. This made Jackson appear to have a lightening skin tone. Jackson also had an immune condition called discoid lupus. Dr. Richard Strick said that this "had destroyed part of the skin of his nose". Jackson's nose was the body part that people talked about most
. Many plastic surgeons have tried to make a hypothesis on what surgery Jackson might have allegedly had but the singer repeatedly denied having extensive surgeries and admitted only to a limited number of procedures though the change in his appearance was drastic that a lot of people refused to believe it.
Jackson was allegedly addicted to prescription drugs. In 2009 he died from an overdose of an anesthetic called Propofol. He was given Propofol for his insomnia. The insomnia was a side effect of Jackson's addiction to Demerol. Jackson's doctor Conrad Murray said that Jackson took the overdose himself. Though Murray was charged with involuntary manslaughter and served a prison sentence after Michael Jackson’s death was ruled a homicide by the coroner. Propofol is used as anesthesia for major surgeries and requires heavy monitoring including nurses and medical equipment, none of which were present at the time Conrad Murray administered the drug. The recommendation for a higher level of care to safely administer this drug was also noted in his autopsy, with great detail noting how dangerous the circumstance was. Michael Jackson was known to have an injury to his lung, which was cited in the autopsy report to further exacerbate his likelihood for complications with a drug like Propofol
. Meaning he was at a higher risk for respiratory failure.
In his autopsy, it was found that he had an enlarged prostate and osteoarthritis. His lips were tattooed pink. He used a skin-bleaching cream called Benoquin to treat his Vitiligo.
Jackson was physically abused by his father when he was a child. He would also call Jackson "big-nose". As a teenager, Jackson had acne. In Living With Michael Jackson, Jackson told Martin Bashir how he went home and cried after a woman called him ugly because of his acne. Some medical professionals have said that they think Jackson had body dysmorphic disorder. The disorder is often triggered by appearance-related bullying. Some people think that Jackson had anorexia nervosa. In 1984, Jackson weighed 105 pounds. He was 5"9 tall. This would have made his BMI 15.5, which is very underweight. He weighed 136 lbs. when he died. This is in the healthy range. A biographer called Ian Halperin wrote that Jackson had a rare genetic disease called Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. He also wrote that Jackson's genetic disease had caused him to lose 95% of the vision in his left eye.

Jackson's doctor Conrad Murray said that he thought Jackson was "legally blind" and had phlebitis.
Death 
Jackson was announced dead at age 50 on June 25, 2009 at 2:25 pm at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. It is thought that he went into cardiac arrest, which means his heart stopped. At 4:36 pm local time, the Los Angeles coroner confirmed Jackson's death. However, he was unresponsive by 12:15, even though he was not proclaimed dead at the time of hospital arrival, he already passed on by 1pm. Jackson died just two months before his 51st birthday. Rumors and news of Jackson's death broke web records causing a cyberspace traffic jam. The circumstances of his death and the outpouring of grief which was experienced around the world were on record scales never seen before. His death gave Google, Twitter, Facebook, and Yahoo the most page views they had ever encountered. Jackson arrived at the hospital not showing any signs of life.