Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Mutiny on the Bounty has become a famous story, leading to many books, movies, and songs. The HMS Bounty was a small, three masted, fully rigged, sailing ship. The Bounty became famous when the crew (seamen) mutinied (took over) the ship on 28 April 1789. The captain of the Bounty was named William Bligh.

The ship

The ship was built in Hull, England in 1784 and was first called Bethia. In 1787 the ship was rebuilt to carry breadfruit trees. Heat and water were added to the cabins so the trees would survive in cold weather. The British government was hoping the breadfruit trees growing wild in Tahiti could be grown in Jamaica. This would provide cheap food for the slaves working on the sugar farms. The ship was very small - 90 feet 10 inches (27.7 metres) long and 24 feet 4 inches (7.4 metres) wide. The tallest mast was 53 feet (16.1 metres) high.
The Bounty was captained by Lieutenant William Bligh and he took command on 16 August 1787. On 23 December, 1787, Bounty set off on the long trip to Tahiti.  On the journey, William Bligh tried to go around Cape Horn. He tried for over a month but bad weather and winds stopped the ship. The Bounty was turned around and went the longer way around the Cape of Good Hope.

Tahiti
The Bounty reached Tahiti on 25 October 1788.  She had been at sea for ten months.  The crew stayed for five months and lived on the island.  They collected 1015 breadfruit plants. The crew were very happy living in Tahiti and Fletcher Christian fell in love with a Tahitian girl named Maimiti. They did not want to have another long journey and go back to England.
The Bounty left Tahiti on 4 April 1789, on the way to Jamaica. On 28 April, near the Friendly Islands, Fletcher Christian led the mutiny (take over). Bligh and 18 sailors were left at sea in a small boat, while Christian and the Bounty went back to Tahiti. Christian and a small group of sailors, 11 Tahitian women, and 6 Tahitian men then went to the remote Pitcairn Island. After they arrived they took everything they could from the ship. A sailor called Matthew Quintal, burned and destroyed the Bounty on 23 January 1790.
Pitcairn Island is a remote island in the Pacific Ocean. The Polynesians knew about the island and people had once lived there. There was nobody living on Pitcairn when it was discovered by an English sailor, Philip Carteret on 2 July 1767. He made a mistake and marked it on the map 200 miles from its real location. The people from the Bounty had the remote island to themselves. There was a lot of fighting between the new settlers. Fletcher Christian, 4 other mutineers and all 6 of the Tahitian men were killed. One of the 4 surviving mutineers fell off a cliff while drunk. Matthew Quintal was killed by the remaining 2 mutineers after he attacked them. When the American seal-hunting ship Topaz visited the island in 1808 they found only 1 mutineer, John Adams, still alive along with 9 Tahitian women. In 1856, the British government moved all the island people to Norfolk Island. Most stayed on Norfolk, but about 22 people found their way back and their descendants still live on Pitcairn
. Norfolk has about 1000 Bounty descendants, which is about half its population.
Afterwards 
Lieutenant William Bligh was able to sail the small boat 6500 km back to Batavia. He returned to England and reported the mutiny to the Admiralty on 15 March 1790.  On 7 November 1790, HMS Pandora was sent to Tahiti look for the Bounty and to bring back the mutineers for punishment. The Pandora was able to capture the mutineers left on Tahiti, but could find no sign of the group that was hiding on Pitcairn. The Pandora was wrecked on the way back to England.

The following list tells what happened to the crew of the Bounty.

Two died before the mutiny:
James Valentine, sailor, died from an infection caused by surgery, before arriving in Tahiti
Thomas Huggan, Surgeon, died 6 weeks after arriving on Tahiti
From the 19 left in the small boat, only 12 got back safely to England
Lieutenant William Bligh, Commander
Lawrence Lebogue, sail maker, sailed with Bligh on next trip
Thomas Hayward, midshipman, went back to Tahiti on HMS Pandora, survived and went back to England
John Fryer, Sailing Master
William Cole, boatswain
William Peckover, gunner
William Purcell, carpenter
John Hallett, Midshipman
George Simpson, quartermaster’s Mate
John Smith, sailor/Commander’s Servant
John Samuel, clerk /steward
Robert Tinkler, sailor

One sailor was killed on the trip to Timor:
John Norton, quartermaster, killed by natives on Tofua

One sailor died from disease when they reached Timor:
David Nelson, botanist, died in Timor

Three sailors died from disease not long after getting to Batavia:
William Elphinstone, master’s mate, died from malaria at Batavia
Peter Linkletter, quartermaster, died from malaria at Batavia
Thomas Hall, sailor/ship's cook, died from disease in Batavia
Two sailors died on their way home from Batavia to England:
Thomas Denman Ledward, surgeon’s mate, lost at sea 
Robert Lamb, sailor/butcher, died on the trip from Batavia

Seven sailors were forced to stay on the Bounty after the mutiny. There was not room in the small boat. They were all taken prisoner in Tahiti by the Pandora to be taken back to England to be charged:
George Stewart, acting midshipman, drowned in the Pandora wreck
Peter Heywood, acting midshipman, found guilty but pardoned
James Morrison, boatswain’s mate, found guilty but pardoned.
Charles Norman, carpenter’s mate, found not guilty
Michael Byrne, sailor/fiddler, found not guilty
Thomas McIntosh, carpenter’s crew, found not guilty
Joseph Coleman, armorer, found not guilty

Two of the mutineers who stayed on Tahiti died before the Pandora arrived:
Charles Churchill, master-at-arms, killed by Matthew Thompson
Matthew Thompson, sailor, killed by the Tahitians
Three mutineers who were captured by the Pandora, drowned in the wreck:
Henry Hillbrant, sailor/cooper
Richard Skinner, sailor/barber
John Sumner, sailor

Four mutineers survived the wreck and were taken to England for trial:
Thomas Burkett, sailor, found guilty and hanged
Thomas Ellison, sailor, found guilty and hanged
John Millward sailor, found guilty and hanged,
William Muspratt, sailor/tailor and assistant cook, sentenced to death, but released on appeal
Only two of the mutineers who went to Pitcairn died peacefully:
Isaac Martin, sailor, killed by the Tahitian men on Pitcairn
William McCoy, sailor, fell from cliff on Pitcairn while drunk
Matthew Quintal, sailor, killed by John Adams on Pitcairn
John Williams, sailor, killed by the Tahitian men on Pitcairn
William Brown, gardener, mutineer, killed by the Tahitian men on Pitcairn
Fletcher Christian, master’s mate, killed by the Tahitian men on Pitcairn
John Mills, gunner’s mate, killed by the Tahitian men on Pitcairn
Edward Young, acting midshipman, died of illness on Pitcairn
John Adams, sailor, died from natural causes on Pitcairn

Related pages
 William Bligh
 Fletcher Christian
 Pitcairn Island

References 

History of the United Kingdom
 
1789 works
Events 

 May 13 – Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England with the First Fleet, 11 ships full of convicts to establish a penal colony in Australia.
 August 16 – Lieutenant William Bligh takes command of the HMVA Bounty.
 December 23 – The HMVA Bounty is sent to Tahiti to collect breadfruit plants.

Date unknown
 The Pennsylvania Prison Society is started.

Births 
 March 16 – Georg Ohm, German physicist
 December 10 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, founder of the American School for the Deaf

Deaths 
 May 28 – Leopold Mozart, composer
 June 20 – Karl Friedrich Abel, German Baroque composer
Up to 1900 
1 BC  China: Wang Mang is declared marshal of the state. Emepror Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no living heirs.
1513  Battle of Guinegate: Henry VIII of England and his imperial allies defeat French forces who are then forced to retreat.
1728  Vitus Bering reaches the Diomede Islands between Siberia and Alaska in the now-named Bering Strait.
1777  American Revolutionary War: American troops defeat British forces at the Battle of Bennington in Walloomsac, New York.
1780  American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden - British forces defeat American forces near Camden, South Carolina.
1787  Lieutenant William Bligh takes command of HMAV Bounty.
1801  Horatio Nelson fails in an attempt to attack a French fleet in Boulogne-sur-Mer on France's English Channel coast.
1812  War of 1812 - American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit, without a fight, to the British Army.
1812  Arnold Abbuehl, Joseph Bortis and Alois Volker become the first people to climb the mountain Finsteraarhorn in the Swiss Alps.
1819  Peterloo Massacre: 17 people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting in St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England, UK.
1858  US President James Buchanan inaugurates a new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. A weak line forces the service to close after just a few weeks.
1863  Fighting starts between the Dominican Republic and Spain over Dominican independence.
1868  Arica, in Peru (now in Chile) is hit by a magnitude 8.5 earthquake. Resulting tsunamis kill thousands of people.
1870  Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Mars-la-Tour is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory.
1896  Klondike Gold Rush: Keish, George Carnack and Dawson Charlie discover gold in a tributary of the Klondike River in the Yukon, northwestern Canada.
1901  2000 
1906  A magnitude 8.2 earthquake strikes Valparaiso, Chile, killing almost 3,900 people.
1913  Tohoku Imperial University becomes the first university in Japan to allow female students to study at its institution.
1914  World War I: The Battle of Cer begins troops of Austria-Hungary enter Serbian territory.
1930  The first colour sound cartoon, Fiddlesticks, is created by Ub Iwerks.
1930  The first British Empire Games begin in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. In later years, these games become better known as the Commonwealth Games.
1935  The first successful climb of Gunnbjorn Fjeld, the highest mountain in Greenland, takes place.
1936  1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany end.
1936  Spanish Civil War: Republican troops land on Mallorca, starting the Battle of Mallorca.
1942  German U-Boat U-507 sinks three civilian Brazilian ships off Brazil's coast. They are Araraguara (131 killed), Anibal Benevelo (150 killed) and Baependy (270 killed).
1944  First flight of a Junkers Ju 287 aircraft.
1945  Puyi, the last Chinese Emperor, and ruler of Manchuria, is captured by Soviet troops.
1945  An assassination attempt is made on Prime Minister of Japan Kantaro Suzuki.
1945  Poland cedes 46 % of its previous territory to the Soviet Union.
1946  Mass riots begin in Kolkata, killing 4,000 people in 3 days.
1954  The first issue of Sports Illustrated is published.
1960  Cyprus gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
1960  Joseph Kittinger parachutes from a balloon over New Mexico.
1962  The Beatles fire Pete Best and hire Ringo Starr.
1962  Algeria joins the Arab League.
1964  A coup occurs in South Vietnam, where President Duong Van Minh is replaced by Nguyen Khanh.
1972  An unsuccessful coup attempt is made in Morocco, as the Royal Moroccan Air Force fires at the plane of King Hassan II of Morocco, who is flying back to the capital, Rabat, at the time.
1974  The Ramones play their first show in the New York City nightclub CBGB's.
1975  Police arrest serial killer Ted Bundy.
1976  A magnitude 7.9 earthquake strikes the island of Mindanao, Philippines.
1976  ABBA's hit single Dancing Queen is released.
1977  Singer, musician and actor Elvis Presley dies at the age of 42, leading to a worldwide outpouring of grief.
1987  A McDonnell Douglas MD-82 aircraft of Northwest Airlines crashes in Detroit, killing 154 people, leaving only one survivor.
1988  The dam of the Bagauda Reservoir in Nigeria breaks, killing 23 people.
1989  A solar flare from the Sun creates a geomagnetic storm that affects micro chips.
From 2001 
2004  Heavy rains cause a river to flood the small coastal town of Boscastle in Cornwall, England.
2004  The Cassini Huygens space probe discovers two moons of Saturn.
2005  A West Caribbean Airlines plane crashes near Machiques in Northwestern Venezuela, killing all 160 people on board.
2007  Tropical Storm Erin makes landfall near Lamar, Texas.
2008  The Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago is topped off at 423 meters (1,389 feet).
2012  South African police shoot 34 miners dead during an industrial dispute at the Marikana Mine.
2012  Ecuador agrees to give asylum to WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, who remains in the Ecuadorean Embassy in London.
2013  Over 80 protestors are killed in violence across Egypt, two days after hundreds of people were killed in Cairo.
2013  The ferry St. Thomas Aquinas sinks off Cebu, Philippines, killing at least 61, and leaving over 59 missing. The accident happened as a result of a collision with a cargo ship.
2013  In addition to the 10,000-meter title six days earlier, Mo Farah also wins the 5,000-meter title at the World Athletics Championships in Moscow. He is only the second man to hold these titles in both the Olympics and World Championships at the same time.
2018  American singer Aretha Franklin dies aged 76 on the 41st anniversary of Elvis Presley's death, and on Madonna's 60th birthday.
Up to 1900 
1355  Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster (d. 1382)
1378  Hongxi Emperor, Chinese Emperor (d. 1425)
1397  Albert II of Germany, nobleman (d. 1439)
1401  Jacqueline, Countess of Hainault (d. 1436)
1557  Agostino Carracci, Italian painter (d. 1602)
1564  Federico Borromeo, Italian cardinal (d. 1631)
1573  Anna of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1598)
1596  Frederick V, Elector Palatine (d. 1632)
1604  Bernard of Saxony-Weimar, German general (d. 1639)
1645  Jean de la Bruyère, French writer (d. 1696)
1650  Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian mapmaker (d. 1718)
1682  Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1712)
1744  Pierre Méchain, French physician (d. 1804)
1761  Yevstingney Fomin, Russian composer (d. 1800)
1798  Mirabeau B. Lamar, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1859)
1802  Isaac Adams, American inventor (d. 1883)
1815  John Bosco, Italian Catholic priest (d. 1888)
1820  Andrew Rainsford Wetmore, 1st Premier of New Brunswick (d. 1892)
1821  Arthur Cayley, English mathematician (d. 1895)
1831  John Jones Ross, 7th Premier of Quebec (d. 1901)
1832  Wilhelm Wundt, German psychologist (d. 1920)
1842  Jakob Rosanes, Ukrainian-German mathematician, chess player and academic (d. 1922)
1845  Gabriel Lippmann, French physicist (d. 1921)
1849  Johan Kjeldahl, Danish chemist (d. 1900)
1855  James McGowen, Australian politician, 18th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1922)
1856  Aparicio Saravia, Uruguayan politician and military leader (d. 1904)
1860  Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)
1862  Amos Alonzo Stagg, American baseball player and coach (d. 1965)
1864  Elsie Inglis, Scottish physician and suffragist (d. 1917)
1865  James Joseph Dougherty, Archbishop of Philadelphia (d. 1951)
1869  Leon Kauffman, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1952)
1871  Zakaria Paliashvili, Georgian composer (d. 1933)
1876  Ivan Bilibin, Russian illustrator (d. 1942)
1882  Christian Mortensen, Danish-American supercentenarian (d. 1998)
1884  Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourg-American writer (d. 1967)
1887  Hugh Dalton, British politician (d. 1962)
1888  T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia), British writer and soldier (d. 1935)
1888  Armand J. Piron, American violinist, bandleader and composer (d. 1943)
1891  Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1971)
1892  Otto Messmer, American cartoonist (d. 1983)
1895  Albert Cohen, Swiss novelist (d. 1981)
1901  1950 
1902  Georgette Heyer, British writer (d. 1974)
1904  Minoru Genda, Japanese military aviator and politician (d. 1989)
1904  Wendell Meredith Stanley, American chemist (d. 1971)
1905  Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician (d. 1980)
1906  Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1989)
1908  Orlando Cole, American cello teacher (d. 2010)
1911  E. F. Schumacher, German-British economist (d. 1977)
1912  Ted Drake, English cricketer and footballer (d. 1995)
1913  Menachem Begin, 6th Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1992)
1920  Charles Bukowski, American writer (d. 1994)
1924  Fess Parker, American actor (d. 2010)
1928  Ann Blyth, American actress and singer
1928  Eydie Gormé, American singer (d. 2013)
1928  Ara Güler, Armenian-Turkish photojournalist (d. 2018)
1929  Helmut Rahn, German footballer (d. 2003)
1929  Bill Evans, American jazz musician, composer and bandleader (d. 1980)
1930  Robert Culp, American actor (d. 2010)
1930  Frank Gifford, American football player and announcer (d. 2015)
1930  Leslie Manigat, 43rd President of Haiti (d. 2014)
1930  Wolfgang Völz, German actor (d. 2018)
1933  Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (d. 1994)
1934  Diana Wynne Jones, British writer (d. 2011)
1934  Pierre Richard, French actor
1935  Andreas Stamatiadis, Greek footballer and coach
1937  Lorraine Gary, American actress
1938  Rocco Granata, Italian singer
1938  Bill Masterton, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1968)
1939  Valery Ryumin, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut
1939  Trevor McDonald, Trinidadian-British broadcaster and journalist
1939  Sean Brady, Irish cardinal and Archbishop of Armagh
1940  Bruce Beresford, Australian director
1940  John Craven, British journalist
1940  Aleksander Mandziara, Polish footballer and coach (d. 2015)
1941  Ahmed al-Mirghani, President of Sudan (d. 2008)
1942  Lesley Turner, Australian tennis player
1944  Kevin Ayers, British singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
1945  Suzanne Farrell, American ballet dancer
1946  Lesley Ann Warren, American actress
1946  Massoud Barzani, First President of Iraqi Kurdistan
1947  Ephraïm Inoni, Prime Minister of Cameroon
1947  Carol Moseley Braun, American lawyer and politician
1948  Earl Blumenauer, American politician
1948  Annemarie Huber-Hotz, Swiss Federal Chancellor (d. 2019)
1949  Scott Asheton, American musician (The Stooges)
1950  Hasely Crawford, Trinidadian athlete
1950  Jack Unterweger, Austrian murderer (d. 1994)
1951  1975 
1951  Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, President of Nigeria (d. 2010)
1953  Kathie Lee Gifford, American talk show host, singer and actress
1954  James Cameron, Canadian movie director
1954  George Galloway, British politician
1956  Vahan Hovhannisyan, Armenian politician (d. 2014)
1956  R. R. Patil, Indian politician (d. 2015)
1957  Laura Innes, American actress
1957  Phil Murphy, American politician, diplomat and investment banker, 56th Governor of New Jersey
1958  Madonna, American singer and actress
1958  Angela Bassett, American actress
1958  Oscar Collodo, Swiss-Italian rugby player and coach
1960  Timothy Hutton, American actor
1960  Franz Welser-Möst, Austrian conductor
1962  Ayub Bachchu, Bangladeshi singer-songwriter (d. 2018)
1962  Steve Carell, American actor and comedian
1963  Christine Cavanaugh, American voice actress (d. 2014)
1964  Jimmy Arias, American tennis player
1964  Barry Venison, English footballer and journalist
1967  Ulrika Jonsson, Swedish-British television personality
1970  Fabio Casartelli, Italian cyclist (d. 1995)
1970  Manisha Koirala, Nepalese Bollywood actress
1970  Seth Peterson, American actor
1971  Matthew Bingley, Australian footballer
1971  Dirk Lehmann, German footballer
1971  Stefan Klos, German footballer
1971  Rulon Gardner, American wrestler
1972  Stan Lazaridis, Australian footballer
1972  Emily Robison, American country music singer (Dixie Chicks)
1972  Frankie Boyle, Scottish comedian
1974  Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Guyanese cricketer
1974  Ivan Hurtado, Ecuadorean footballer
1975  Didier Agathe, French footballer
1975  Tamara Natalie Madden, Jamaican-American artist (d. 2017)
From 1976 
1976  Jonatan Johansson, Finnish footballer
1978  Fu Mingxia, Chinese diver
1979  Cleo Lemon, American NFL player
1980  Hwangbo, South Korean singer, rapper and actress
1980  Vanessa Carlton, American singer-songwriter and pianist
1980  Robert Hardy, British musician (Franz Ferdinand)
1981  Roque Santa Cruz, Paraguayan footballer
1982  Joleon Lescott, English footballer
1983  Poom Jensen, Thai royal (d. 2004)
1983  Nikolaos Zisis, Greek basketball player
1984  Candice Dupree, American basketball player
1984  Matteo Anesi, Italian speed skater
1987  Carey Price, Canadian ice hockey player
1988  Kevin Schmidt, American actor
1989  Wang Hao, Chinese athlete
1991  G.E.M., Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actress
1991  Kwon Ri-se, South Korean singer (d. 2014)
1991  Evanna Lynch, Irish actress
1991  Sarah-Jeanne Labrosse, Canadian actress
1993  Cameron Monaghan, American actor
1997  Greyson Chance, American singer
1997  Piper Curda, American actress and singer

Deaths
Deaths

Up to 1900 
1027  King Giorgi I of Georgia (b. 998)
1297  John II of Trebizond (b. 1262)
1358  Albert II, Duke of Austria (b. 1298)
1419  Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, King of Bohemia (b. 1361)
1443  Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shogun (b. 1434)
1445  Margaret of Scotland, Consort of Louis XI of France (b. 1424)
1532  John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468)
1705  Jakob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and scientist (b. 1654)
1791  Charles-Francois de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1719)
1836  Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician (b. 1755)
1880  Herschel Vespasian Johnson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (b. 1812)
1886  Ramakrishna, Bengali saint (b. 1836)
1888  John Pemberton, American inventor of Coca-Cola (b. 1831)
1893  Jean-Martin Charcot, French neurologist (b. 1825)
1899  Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist (b. 1811)
1900  Eça de Queiroz, Portuguese writer (b. 1845)
1901  2000 
1910  Pedro Montt, President of Chile (b. 1849)
1911  Patrick Francis Moran, Irish-Australian cardinal (b. 1830)
1921  Peter I of Serbia (b. 1844)
1937  Rodolfo Chiari, President of Panama (b. 1869)
1938  Robert Johnson, American musician (b. 1911)
1940  Henri Desgrange, French journalist (b. 1865)
1945  Takijirō Ōnishi, Japanese naval leader (b. 1891)
1948  Babe Ruth, American baseball player (b. 1895)
1949  Margaret Mitchell, American writer (b. 1900)
1951  Louis Jouvet, French actor and producer (b. 1887)
1956  Bela Lugosi, Hungarian actor (b. 1882)
1957  Irving Langmuir, American chemist (b. 1881)
1959  Wanda Landowska, Polish harpsichordist (b. 1879)
1961  Maulvi Abdul Haq, Indian Urdu educator and linguist (b. 1870)
1972  Pierre Brasseur, French actor (b. 1905)
1973  Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-American biochemist (b. 1888)
1975  Vladimir Kuts, Ukrainian distance runner (b. 1927)
1977  Elvis Presley, American singer and actor (b. 1935)
1978  Tjarda von Starkenborgh Stachouwer, Dutch nobleman and statesman (b. 1888)
1979  John Diefenbaker, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1895)
1986  Jaime Saenz, Bolivian writer (b. 1921)
1989  Amanda Blake, American actress (b. 1929)
1989  Jean-Hilaire Aubame, Prime Minister of Gabon (b. 1912)
1991  Luigi Zampa, Italian movie director (b. 1905)
1993  Stewart Granger, British actor (b. 1913)
1998  Dorothy West, American author (b. 1907)
From 2001 
2002  Abu Nidal, Palestinian political leader (b. 1937)
2003  Idi Amin, Dictator of Uganda (b. around 1928)
2004  Ivan Hlinka, Czech ice hockey coach (b. 1950)
2005  Frère Roger, Swiss monk and mystic (b. 1915)
2006  Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (b. 1912)
2007  Max Roach, American musician and composer (b. 1924)
2008  Ronnie Drew, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (b. 1934)
2009  Warren E. Earnes, 46th Governor of Missouri (b. 1923)
2010  Dimitrios Ioannidis, Greek military officer (b. 1923)
2010  Nicola Cabibbo, Italian physicist (b. 1935)
2011  Andrej Bajuk, Slovenian banker and politician (b. 1943)
2012  Abune Paulos, Ethiopian Orthodox Church Patriarch (b. 1935)
2012  William Windom, American actor (b. 1923)
2013  Roy Bonisteel, Canadian journalist and television host (b. 1930)
2014  Peter Scholl-Latour, German historian and author (b. 1924)
2014  Fernand St. Germain, American politician (b. 1928)
2015  Shuja Khanzada, Pakistani politician (b. 1943)
2016  Joao Havelange, Brazilian football official, President of FIFA (b. 1916)
2017  Vera Glagoleva, Russian actress (b. 1956)
2017  David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort, British peer (b. 1928)
2017  Roger Pinto Molina, Bolivian politician (b. 1960)
2017  Jon Shepodd, American actor (b. 1924)
2017  Vicente Sota, Chilean politician (b. 1924)
2018  Benny Andersen, Danish writer and pianist (b. 1929)
2018  Donald E. Edwards, American general (b. 1937)
2018  Aretha Franklin, American singer (b. 1942)
2018  Kim Yong-chun, North Korean politician (b. 1936)
2018  Yelena Shushunova, Russian gymnast (b. 1969)
2018  Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Indian politician, Prime Minister of India (b. 1924)
2019  Gustavo Barreiro, Cuban-American politician (b. 1959)
2019  Princess Christina of the Netherlands (b. 1947)
2019  Peter Fonda, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1940)
2019  Felice Gimondi, Italian cyclist (b. 1942)
2019  Faisal Masud, Pakistani physician and educator (b. 1954)
2019  José Nápoles, Cuban-Mexican boxer (b. 1940)
2019  Richard Williams, Canadian-British animator and director (b. 1933)
Observances 
 Battle of Bennington Day (Vermont)

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 583 - Maya Queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque.
 679 - King Dagobert II of Paris is murdered on a hunting trip.
 962 - Arab-Byzantine Wars: Under future Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas, Byzantine troops storm the city of Aleppo in present-day Syria.
 1572 – Theologian Johann Sylvan is executed in Heidelberg.
 1631 - Thirty Years' War: Sweden takes over the city of Mainz.
 1672 – Giovanni Cassini discovers Saturn's moon Rhea.
 1688 – James II of England flees to Paris, as Mary II and William III take the throne to rule jointly.
 1783 - George Washington resigns as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army at the Maryland State House in Annapolis.
 1787 – The HMVA Bounty is sent to Tahiti to collect breadfruit plants.
 1793 - Battle of Savenay: Decisive defeat of the royalist counter-revolutionaries in the war in the Vendee during the French Revolution.
 1823 - "A Visit from St. Nicholas", also known as "The Night Before Christmas", is published anonymously.
1876 - First day of the Constantinople Conference which results in an agreement for the political reforms in the Balkans.
 1888 – Part of Vincent van Gogh's left ear is cut off in as-yet unexplained circumstances.
 1893 - The opera Hansel and Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck is performed for the first time.
1901  2000 
 1913 - The Federal Reserve Act is signed into law by US President Woodrow Wilson, creating the Federal Reserve Bank.
 1914 – World War I: Australian and New Zealand troops land in Cairo, Egypt.
 1916 - World War I: Battle of Maghdaba - Allied forces defeat Turkish forces on Egypt's Sinai Peninsula.
 1920 - The UK government agrees on the Government of Ireland Act, which ends up splitting the island of Ireland in two.
 1933 - A train crash occurs at Lagny-Pomponne in France, killing 204 people, and injuring 120.
 1936 – Colombia becomes a signatory of the Buenos Aires Convention.
 1938 - The first modern coelacanth fish is discovered in South Africa. The species was thought to be extinct.
 1940 - World War II: Greek submarine Papanikolis (Y-2) sinks the Italian motor ship Antonietta.
 1941 – World War II: After 15 days of fighting, Japan takes control of Wake Island.
 1947 – The transistor is first demonstrated.
 1948 – Japanese officials who were found guilty of war crimes, are executed.
1954 - The first successful kidney transplant is performed by J. Hartwell Harrison and Joseph Murray.
 1957 - Ian Craig of Australia becomes the youngest test cricket captain in history. 
 1958 – The Tokyo Tower is dedicated, becoming the world's tallest self-supporting iron tower.
 1968 - The 82 sailors from the USS Pueblo are released after 11 months of internment in North Korea.
 1970 – The North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City is topped out at a height of 417 metres.
 1970 - The Democratic Republic of the Congo officially becomes a single-party state.
 1972 – A major earthquake hits Nicaragua, killing thousands of people. It was of magnitude 6.2.
 1972 – Members of a Uruguayan rugby team whose plane crashed in the Andes, near the border between Chile and Argentina, are rescued.
 1973 - Royal Air Maroc airliner crashes over Morocco, killing 106 people.
1978 - An Alitalia Douglas DC-9 crashes on landing, into the Mediterranean Sea off Palermo, Sicily, killing 108 people. 22 people are saved and transported to land in fishing boats.
 1979 – Soviet forces occupy Kabul, Afghanistan.
 1982 - The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces that it has detected dangerous levels of dioxin in the soil of Times Beach, Missouri.
 1986 – Voyager becomes the first aircraft without an aerial or ground refuelling to fly non-stop around the world.
 1990 – In a referendum, most of Slovenia's voters support independence from Yugoslavia.
 1991 – Germany recognises Croatia's independence.
From 2001 
 2003 – An explosion at the PetroChina Chuandongbei natural gas field near Chongqing, China, kills 234 people.
 2005 – Lech Kaczynski becomes President of Poland. His time in office ends with his death in a plane crash on April 10, 2010.
 2007 - An agreement is made for Nepal to change its system of government from a monarchy to a republic.
 2011 – At least 40 people are killed in bomb attacks in Damascus, Syria.
 2013 - A storm hits the UK and Ireland, with strong winds and heavy rain, killing 2 people and affecting transport in the run-up to Christmas.
 2017 - A fire at a shopping center in Davao City, Southern Philippines, kills at least 37 people.

Births
Up to 1900 
 968 - Emperor Zhenzong of Song of China (d. 1022)
 1173 - Louis I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1231)
 1525 - John I, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1576)
 1537 – John III of Sweden, King of Sweden (d. 1592)
 1582 – Severo Bonini, composer (d. 1663)
 1597 – Martin Opitz von Boberfeld, German poet (d. 1639)
 1613 – Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Swedish soldier (d. 1676)
 1689 - Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (d. 1755)
 1690 - Pamheiba, Indian Emperor (d. 1755)
 1713 - Maruyama Gondazaemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1749)
 1732 – Richard Arkwright, industrialist, and inventor of the Water Frame (d. 1792)
 1750 – King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony (d. 1827)
 1777 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia (d. 1825)
 1783 - Giovanni Bechet, Italian poet and patriot (d. 1851)
 1790 – Jean François Champollion, French Egyptologist, deciphered the Rosetta Stone (d. 1832)
 1793 - Dost Mohammad Khan, ruler of Afghanistan (d. 1863)
 1797 - Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, French botanist and physician (d. 1853)
1799 - Karl Bryullov, Russian painter (d. 1852)
 1804 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (d. 1869)
 1805 – Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement (d. 1844)
 1810 - Edward Blyth, English zoologist and ornithologist (d. 1873)
 1819 – Jan Jakob Lodewijk ten Kate, Dutch poet and clergyman (d. 1889)
 1822 – Wilhelm Bauer, engineer (d. 1875)
 1839 - Janos Murkovics, Slovenian-Hungarian writer and clergyman (d. 1889)
 1841 - Ignacio Agramonte, Cuban revolutionary (d. 1873)
 1854 - Henry B. Guppy, English botanist (d. 1926)
 1856 - James Buchanan Duke, American industrialist (d. 1925)
 1858 - Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Russian theatre director, writer and playwright (d. 1943)
 1864 – Zorka of Montenegro, Princess of Serbia (d. 1890)
 1867 – Madam C. J. Walker, first African American millionaire (d. 1919).
 1878 - Mikheil Tsereteli, Georgian historian, philologist and sociologist (d. 1965)
 1881 - Juan Ramon Jimenez, Spanish poet (d. 1958)
1885 – Pierre Brissaud, French artist (d. 1964)
 1886 - Albert Ehrenstein, Austrian-German poet (d. 1950)
 1887 - John Cromwell, American actor and director (d. 1979)
 1891 – Alexandr Rodchenko, Russian painter and photographer (d. 1956)
 1896 – Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Italian writer (d. 1957)
 1900 - Arnold Bode, German artist (d. 1977)
1901  1950 
 1902 – Charan Singh, Prime Minister of India (d. 1987)
 1903 - Boleslaw Kominek, Polish Roman Catholic Archbishop of Wroclaw (d. 1974)
 1907 – Manuel Lopes, Cape Verdean writer and poet (d. 2005)
 1907 – Avraham Stern, Zionist group leader (d. 1942)
 1908 – Yousuf Karsh, Armenian-Canadian portrait photographer (d. 2002)
 1910 - Kurt Meyer, German SS officer (d. 1961)
 1911 – Niels Kaj Jerne, Danish immunologist (d. 1994)
 1911 - James Gregory, American actor (d. 2002)
 1911 - Marie Olav, Estonian chess player (d. 1994)
 1916 – Dino Risi, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2008)
 1918 – Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1974-1982 (d. 2015)
 1918 – José Greco, dancer (d. 2000)
 1922 – Calder Willingham, writer (d. 1995)
 1922 – Micheline Ostermeyer, French athlete and musician (d. 2001)
 1923 – James Stockdale, United States Navy admiral (d. 2005)
 1923 – Günther Schifter, Austrian music journalist (d. 2008)
 1924 - Bob Kurland, American basketball player (d. 2013)
1925 - Pierre Bérégovoy, Prime Minister of France (d. 1993)
 1925 – Mohammed Mzali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (d. 2010)
 1926 – Robert Bly, American poet
 1929 - Chet Baker, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1988)
 1931 - Lev Durov, Russian actor (d. 2015)
 1933 – Akihito, Emperor of Japan
 1934 - Claudio Scimone, Italian conductor
 1935 – Paul Hornung, American football player
 1935 - Esther Phillips, American singer (d. 1984)
 1936 – Frederic Forrest, American actor
 1937 - Barney Rosenzweig, American screenwriter and producer
 1937 - Nelson Shanks, American artist (d. 2015)
 1939 - La Lupe, Cuban-American singer-songwriter (d. 1992)
 1939 - Nancy Graves, American sculptor, painter and printmaker (d. 1995)
 1940 – Jorma Kaukonen, Finnish-American musician (Jefferson Airplane)
 1941 – Tim Hardin, musician
 1941 - Nigel Anthony, English actor
 1942 – Quentin Bryce, 25th Governor-General of Australia
 1942 - M. M. Ruhul Amin, Bangladeshi judge (d. 2017)
 1942 - Lars-Erik Berenett, Swedish actor (d. 2017)
1943 – Mikhail Gromov, Russian mathematician
 1943 – Harry Shearer, American actor, voice actor (This Is Spinal Tap, The Simpsons)
 1943 – Silvia, Queen of Sweden
 1943 - Elizabeth Hartman, American actress (d. 1987)
 1944 – Wesley Clark, American General and former NATO Supreme Allied Commander
 1945 - Adly Mansour, Interim President of Egypt
 1946 - Ray Tabano, American musician
 1946 – John Sullivan, English television writer (d. 2011)
 1947 – Susan Lucci, soap opera actress
 1948 - David Davis, British politician
 1948 - Jim Ferguson, American guitarist, composer, writer and journalist
 1948 – Jack Ham, American football player
 1949 - Adrian Belew, American guitarist
 1950 – Michael C. Burgess, American politician
 1950 – Vicente del Bosque, Spanish football manager
 1950 - Richard Dannatt, Baron Dannatt, English general
1951  1975 
 1951 – Anthony Phillips, British musician (Genesis)
 1952 – William Kristol, American conservative commentator
 1952 - David Loebsack, American politician
 1953 - Andres Alver, Estonian architect
 1953 - Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia, Russian aristocrat
 1955 – Carol Ann Duffy, Scottish poet and playwright
 1956 – Dave Murray, English musician (Iron Maiden)
 1957 – Trisha Goddard, English television presenter
 1958 – Victoria Williams, singer
 1961 – Carol Smillie, Scottish television personality
 1962 - Stefan Hell, Romanian-German physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize winner
 1962 - Kang Je-gyu, South Korean movie director, producer and screenwriter
 1963 – Jim Harbaugh, American football quarterback
 1964 – Eddie Vedder, musician (Pearl Jam)
 1966 - Badi Assad, Brazilian singer, guitarist and composer
 1967 – Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, Italian-French singer, model and former First Lady of France
 1968 - Quincy Jones III, English-Swedish singer-songwriter and producer
1968 - Barry Kooser, American artist and animation filmmaker
 1968 - Manuel Rivera-Ortiz, Puerto Rican photographer
 1968 - Sandra Roelofs, Dutch-born former First Lady of Georgia
 1968 - Olga Shishigina, Kazakhstani hurdler
 1969 – Martha Byrne, soap opera actress
 1969 - Rob Pelinka, American basketball player, agent and lawyer
 1970 – Catriona LeMay Doan, Canadian speed skater
 1971 – Corey Haim, Canadian actor (d. 2010)
 1971 – Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, British socialite (d. 2017)
 1971 - Jo Johnson, British politician
 1974 – Agustin Delgado, Ecuadorean footballer
From 1976 
 1976 - Joanna Hayes, American hurdler
 1977 – Matt Baker, British television presenter
 1977 – Alge Crumpler, American football player
 1978 – Andra Davis, American football player
 1978 – Víctor Martínez, Venezuelan baseball player
 1978 – Estella Warren, Canadian actress and model
 1978 – Esthero, Canadian musician and singer
 1979 – Kenny Miller, Scottish footballer
 1979 - Holly Madison, American model and actress
 1981 - Agnes Milowka, Polish-Australian diver, explorer, writer and photographer (d. 2011)
 1981 – Beth, Spanish singer
 1981 – Mario Santana, Argentine footballer
 1983 – Michael Chopra, English footballer
 1983 - Lisa Dobriskey, English middle-distance runner
 1984 - Alison Sudol, American actress, singer and songwriter
 1985 - Harry Judd, English drummer (McFly)
 1987 – Owen Franks, New Zealand rugby player
 1988 - Eri Kamei, Japanese singer
 1988 - Yuka Kashino, Japanese singer and dancer
 1989 - Lils Koger, Estonian painter and architect
1990 – Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, American actress
 1992 - Spencer Daniels, American actor
 1992 - Jeff Schlupp, German-Ghananian footballer
 1996 - Bartosz Kapustka, Polish footballer
 2002 - Finn Wolfhard, Canadian actor
Up to 1900 
 130 – Emperor Keiko of Japan (b. 60)
 484 - Huneric, Vandal king
 558 - Childebert I, King of Paris
 668 - Mor Gabriel, Syriac bishop and saint (b. 594)
 679 - Dagobert II, Frankish king (b. 650)
 910 - Saint Naum, Bulgarian missionary and scholar (b. 830)
 918 - Conrad I of Germany (b. 890)
 1193 – Saint Thorlak, patron Saint of Iceland (b. 1133)
 1230 - Berengia of Navarre (b. 1165)
 1572 – Johann Sylvan, German theologian
 1575 – Akiyama Nobutomo, Japanese military commander (b. 1531)
 1588 - Henry I, Duke of Guise (b. 1550)
 1631 – Michael Drayton, English poet (b. 1563)
 1652 – John Cotton, English-born American minister (b. 1585)
 1722 - Pierre Varignon, French mathematician (b. 1654)
 1745 - Jan Dismas Zelenka, Bohemian composer (b. 1679)
 1795 - Henry Clinton, English general and politician (b. 1730)
 1831 - Emilie Plater, Lithuanian countess and freedom fighter (b. 1806)
 1850 - Samuel Bell, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1770)
 1851 - Giovanni Bechet, Italian poet and patriot (b. 1783)
1901  2000 
 1902 – Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1821)
 1920 - Walter Runeberg, Finnish sculptor (b. 1838)
 1931 – Wilson Bentley, American scientist (b. 1865)
 1939 - Anthony Fokker, Dutch aircraft manufacturer (b. 1890)
 1948 – Akira Muto, Japanese military commander (b. 1892)
 1948 – Hideki Tōjō, 40th Prime Minister of Japan, Led the Attack on Pearl Harbour (b. 1884)
 1950 - Vincenzo Tommasini, Italian composer (b. 1878)
 1953 - Lavrentiy Beria, Soviet-Georgian politician (b. 1899)
 1954 - René Iché, French sculptor and scholar (b. 1897)
 1961 - Kurt Meyer, German SS officer (b. 1910)
 1970 - Aleksander Warma, Estonian politician (b. 1890)
 1972 - Charles Atlas, American bodybuilder (b. 1892)
 1972 – Andrei Tupolev, Russian aircraft designer (b. 1888)
 1973 - Charles Atlas, Italian-American bodybuilder (b. 1892)
 1978 - Misao Tamai, Japanese footballer (b. 1903)
 1979 – Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (b. 1898)
 1984 - Joan Lindsay, Australian writer (b. 1896)
1992 – Eddie Hazel, American musician (b. 1950)
 1994 - Sebastian Shaw, British actor (b. 1905)
 1997 - Stanley Cortez, American cinematographer (b. 1908)
 1998 – Anatoly Rybakov, Russian writer (b. 1911)
 1998 - Joe Orlando, Italian-American comics writer, artist and editor (b. 1927)
 1998 - Michelle Thomas, American actress (b. 1969)
 2000 – Victor Borge, Danish comedian and pianist (b. 1909)
From 2001 
 2004 – P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India (b. 1921)
 2005 – Lajos Baroti, Hungarian footballer (b. 1914)
 2007 – Oscar Peterson, American jazz pianist and composer (b. 1925)
 2009 – Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Tibetan politician (b. 1910)
 2010 – K. Karunakaran, Indian politician (b. 1918)
 2013 - Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian inventor of the AK-47 (b. 1919)
 2013 - Yusef Lateef, American saxophonist (b. 1920)
 2013 - Robert W. Wilson, American philanthropist and businessman (b. 1926)
 2014 - K. Balachander, Indian director and producer (b. 1930)
 2014 - Jeremy Lloyd, English writer, screenwriter, writer, poet and actor (b. 1930)
 2014 - Jacques Chancel, French journalist and writer (b. 1928)
 2015 - Hocine Aït Ahmed, Algerian politician (b. 1926)
 2015 - Don Howe, English footballer (b. 1935)
 2015 - Bülent Ulusu, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1923)
 2015 - Jean-Marie Pelt, French biologist, botanist and pharmacist (b. 1933)
2015 - Alfred G. Gilman, American pharmacologist and biochemist (b. 1941)
 2016 - Anis Amri, Tunisian suspected terrorist (2016 Berlin attack) (b. 1992)
 2016 - Heinrich Schiff, Austrian cellist and conductor (b. 1951)
 2016 - Piers Sellers, English-American astronaut (b. 1955)
 2017 - Maurice Hayes, Irish politician (b. 1927)
Observances 
 Akihito's birthday (Japan)
 Saint Thorlak's Day (Iceland)
 HumanLight (secular humanism in the United States)
 Festivus
 Kiran Diwas (Uttar Pradesh)
 Victory Day (Egypt)
 Children's Day (Sudan and South Sudan)

Days of the year
Events 
 January 26 – The First Fleet arrives at Sydney Cove, bringing the first European settlers to Australia. This is now celebrated as Australia's national day.
 October 25 – The HMVA Bounty reaches Tahiti. 
 December 14 – Accession of Charles IV, King of Spain.
 Georgia becomes a state.

Births 
 January 22 – Lord Byron, English poet
 February 5 – Robert Peel, British Prime Minister

Deaths 
 January 31 – Bonny Prince Charlie, Pretender to the English Throne
 August 2 – Thomas Gainsborough, painter
 December 14 – Charles III, King of Spain
Up to 1900 
 1147 - Portuguese forces under Afonso I of Portugal, and crusaders from England and Flanders, conquer Lisbon after a four-month siege.
 1154 - Henry II of England becomes King.
 1415 - The army of Henry V of England defeats a French army at the Battle of Agincourt.
 1616 – Dirk Hartog makes the second-recorded European landing in Australia, on Dirk Hartog Island, off the west coast.
 1671 - Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moon Iapetus.
 1722 - King Louis XV of France, aged 12, is crowned in Reims Cathedral.
 1747 - A British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats  the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
 1760 - George III of the United Kingdom becomes King, after the death of his grandfather, King George II of Great Britain.
 1788 – The HMAV Bounty reaches Tahiti.
 1812 - War of 1812: American frigate USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
1822 - Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
 1828 - The St. Catherine Docks open in London.
 1854 - Crimean War: Battle of Balaklava, including the British Charge of the Light Brigade.
 1861 - The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
 1900 - The United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.
1901  2000 
 1917 - Julian calendar date of Russia's October Revolution. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was November 7.
 1918 - Canadian steamship Princess Sophia hits a reef off Alaska and sinks, killing all 356 people on board.
 1927 - Italian luxury steamship Principessa Mafalda hits a rock off Porto Seguro, Brazil, and sinks, killing 312 people.
 1929 - Wall Street Crash: The severe losses of the previous day continue.
 1940 - Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general of the United States Army.
 1941 - World War II: The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Nazi-Hungarian control.
 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf occurs in the Philippines.
 1945 – The Republic of China takes over Taiwan.
 1955 - In Japan, 12-year-old Sadako Sasaki dies, as a result of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima 10 years earlier. Her origami cranes, folded after she became unwell, have become symbols of peace and opposition to nuclear weapons.
1962 - Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
 1962 – Uganda joins the UN.
 1971 – At the UN, the People's Republic of China joins, as the Republic of China is expelled.
 1979 - Catalonia and the Basque Country gain some autonomy (self-rule) within Spain.
 1979 – The last new episode of Fawlty Towers airs.
 1983 – The US and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after its Prime Minister Maurice Bishop is killed in a coup.
 1990 - Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union
 1991 - Four months after the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
 1995 - A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing 7 students.
 1995 - Latvia applies to join the EU.
 1997 - Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.
From 2001 
 2001 - Microsoft releases Windows XP.
 2004 - In Cuba, Fidel Castro announces that transactions in the country that involve the United States Dollar will be banned.
 2007 - Singapore Airlines carry out the first passenger flight of an Airbus A380.
 2009 - Bombings in Baghdad kill 155 people.
 2010 – A magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra causes tsunamis, which kill over 400 people, and leave many more missing.
 2019 - The European Union agrees to extend the United Kingdom's Brexit deadline beyond October 31.
 2019 - A beetle species discovered in 1965 is named after climate change activist Greta Thunberg, being given the name Nelloptodes gretae.

Births
Up to 1900 
 1330 - Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
 1510 - Renée of France (d. 1574)
 1576 - Thomas Weelkes, English composer (d. 1623)
 1683 - Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
 1692 – Elizabeth Farnese, wife of King Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
 1714 - James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish scholar, philosopher and deist (d. 1799)
 1754 - Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
 1759 - Maria Feodorovna, Russian Empress (d. 1828)
 1759 - William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
 1782 - Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
 1789 - Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer and botanist (d. 1875)
 1790 - Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor, creator of the Stirling engine (d. 1878)
 1800 - Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian and politician (d. 1859)
 1802 - Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
1806 - Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
 1811 – Evariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
 1821 - Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian writer (d. 1891)
 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
 1827 - Marcelin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
 1828 - Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian political figure (d. 1911)
 1835 - William McTaggart, Scottish painter (d. 1910)
 1838 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
 1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
 1864 - John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
 1867 – Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d.1937)
 1868 - Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
 1868 - Oskar Kallas, Estonian diplomat, linguist and folklorist (d. 1946)
 1877 - Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
 1879 - Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1924)
 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
 1889 – Abel Gance, movie writer (d. 1981)
 1889 - Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (d. 1985)
 1891 - Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
 1892 – Leo G. Carroll, actor (d. 1972)
 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
 1900 - Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian social activist (d. 1978)