Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Left-wing anarchism is an extreme kind of left-wing libertarianism. It is a kind of politics that believes capitalism and the government both need to be removed. These anarchists want to end private property because they believe people who own it have unfair power over others. They want a future based on people working to help each other, instead of for money. But they want to make these things happen without using a government. It wants a society where there is no one in charge. Each person does what they need to without others to lead them. Left-wing anarchism often means the same as socialist anarchism and libertarian socialism. Left-wing anarchists have been a part of anti-globalization protests. For example, the protest in 1999 against the World Trade Organization in Seattle.

Other types of anarchism
Ulrike Heider, a syndicalist, grouped anarchism into left-wing anarchism, right-wing anarchism (anarcho-capitalism), and green anarchism. People who study anarchists, including Bryan Caplan and Murray Bookchin, do not agree with him. They say his research was not good enough. Left-wing anarchism is distinguished from free-market anarchism and right-wing anarchism (such as that of Murray Rothbard).

 Anarcho-capitalism is often not included as real anarchism. But it does combine capitalism with the belief in no government.
 Individualism and egoism can be types of anarchism. These kinds of anarchists believe they should be totally free to do what they want, with no police or government to stop them.
 There is also a kind of anarchism called Post-leftism. It wants to rebel against left-wing politics from within left-wing ideas.

References
References

Other websites
 Defining anarchism  from An Anarchist FAQ, written by social anarchists
 Anarchist Theory FAQ, in which anarcho-capitalist Bryan Caplan argues that a broad division in anarchism exists between "left-anarchism" and anarcho-capitalism
 Anarchism: Two Kinds by Wendy McElroy, an individualist anarchist
 Collectivist-Anarchism and Communist-Anarchism from The Conquest of Power, by Albert Weisbord
 Canning Reactionary Leftism a criticism of left-anarchism by Keith Preston
 The Incredible Lameness of Left Anarchism  by Jason McQuinn. A critique from a post-left anarchist perspective.
 Learning the Hard Way: My Life as an Anarcho-Leftoid by Keith Preston

Anarchism
Cristiano da Silva (born 12. Januar 1987 in Campo Mourão) is an Brazilian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg as midfielder in the Austrian Bundesliga. His player name is Cristiano.

Career
He started playing football with Adap Galo. His first professional team was  Coritiba FC in 2005. After playing for different teams he came to  CA Metropolitano. He was then out on loan for  Associação Chapecoense und EC Juventude. In 2011 he had a test with Red Bull Salzburg. He statisfied coach Moniz and signed a contract till 2015.

Other websites
 Players profile 
 Agency profile 

1987 births
Brazilian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Aggrotech is a type of electronic dance music. It is a form of electro-industrial music It combines the music with an aggressive style. The German band Funker Vogt is known for this genre of music.

Electronic dance music
Wiener FC 1898 (Vienna Football Club 1898) was one of the first football clubs in Austrias capital Vienna. The club existed from 1897 till 1903.

History
The club was the football section of the Deutsch-Österreichischen Turnverein Wien (German-Austrian gymnastic club). The Turnverein was founded by Jewish members of the  Ersten Wiener Turnverein 1861 (First Vienna gymnastic club). In the 1880s the club allowed only members of German origin to be members. So did other sports clubs. The Jewish members formed the Deutsch-Österreichischen Turnverein.
In 1898 the football section became a club of its own. In the first year they reached the final of the Challenge-Cup, a football competition for clubs from the Austrian- Hungary Empire. They lost 7-0 to  Vienna Cricket and Football-Club. In the next editions the club reached the semi finals. In 1900/01 the Österreichischen Fußball-Union organized a league and Wiener FC was put in the 1. Klasse. They played for the Tagblatt-Pokal (Tagblatt-Cup, "Tagblatt" was a newspaper from Vienna)

The reason for quitting the league was that the club suffered often from a lack of players.

Honours
 Challenge-Cup-Final: 1898
 Challenge-Cup-semi finals: 1899, 1900, 1903

Notable player
Julius Wiesner 1 international match 1902

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Vienna
was a  after Kyūju and before Heiji.  This period started in April 1156 and ended in April 1159.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Hōgen era
 20 July 1156 (Hōgen 1, 2nd day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Toba died at age 54.

 28 July–16 August 1156 (Hōgen 1, 10th-29th days of the 7th month): The Hōgen Rebellion, also known as the Hōgen Insurrection or the Hōgen War.

 1156 (Hōgen 1, 9th month): A special building was constructed in Kyoto, where—as in the days of Emperor Go-Sanjo, requests and complaints were received and examined.

 1157 (Hōgen 2, 10th month): The foundations are laid for a grand audience hall (dairi) in the palace.  Three had not been such a structure within the palace compound since the time of Emperor Shirakawa.

 6 August 1158 (Hōgen 3, 11th day of the 8th month): In the 3rd year of Go-Shirakawa's reign, the emperor abdicated. The succession (senso) was received by his eldest son.

 1158 (Hōgen 4, 8th month):  Emperor Nijō is officially established as monarch (sokui).
The Tale of Hōgen is about this era. The work tells the story of the samurai who were part of the Hōgen Rebellion. Along with the Tale of Heiji and the Tale of Heike, these three war stories tell about the rise and fall of the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Teleology is a philosophical idea that things have goals or causes. It is the "view that developments are due to the purpose or design which is served by them".

An example would be Aristotle's view of nature, later adopted by the Catholic Church.  The word "teleological" comes from the Ancient Greek telos, which means "end" or "purpose". A simpler example would be a tool such as the clock, which is designed by people to tell the time.

Whether or not an entity (person or god) is needed to cause teleology to happen is one of the most important questions. All cultures we know of have creation stories in their religions. However, much of science operates on the principle that the natural world is self-organising. This applies particularly  to astronomy and biology, which were once explained as the action of a deity, and are now seen as natural and automatically self-organising. Cybernetics is the basic science of self-organising systems.
The general issue of whether the original sense of teleology applies to the natural world is still a matter of controversy between religion and science.

Related pages 
Argument from design
Metaphilosophy
Metaphysics

References 

Philosophy
Nature
Non sequitur means "does not follow."  It is a type of logical fallacy: a bad argument that makes no sense.  

It is defined as a deductive argument that is invalid. The argument could have true premises, but still have a false conclusion.

The term "non sequitur" usually refers to those types of invalid arguments which are not named formal fallacies (e.g. post hoc ergo propter hoc). In other words, in practice, "non sequitur" refers to an unnamed formal fallacy. 

A non sequitur argument takes something that people accept is true, and says that because this is true, the conclusion is right.  The problem is that the conclusion has nothing to do with the premise (original statement that people agree on).

People often have difficulty applying the rules of logic. For example, a person might say this syllogism is valid:
 All birds have wings.
 That creature has wings.
 Therefore, that creature is a bird.

It would only be true if all winged animals were birds (which is not so).

References 

Logical fallacies
The Oracle of Delphi was an institution in Ancient Greece, dedicated to the god Apollo. Only one priestess operated at Delphi at any one time, and the name given to her was 'the Pythia'. The woman gave up her own name when she became priestess.

The Temple of Apollo was at Delphi, on the slopes of Mount Parnassus in Greece. According to legend, the god answered questions through the medium of the priestess, who was famous for her ambiguous predictions. Scholars from time to time have suggested that burning Oleander or volcanic gases played their part in her strange utterings.

Croesus of Lydia 
In 560 BC Croesus, King of Lydia in 580 BC, went to the Delphic Oracle and the Oracle at Thebes for advice. He asked if he should make war on the Persians. Both oracles gave the same response, that if Croesus crossed the river (made war on the Persians), a mighty empire would be destroyed. They also advised him to seek out the most powerful Greek peoples and make alliance with them.
Famous for ambiguity 
An example of her ambiguity is You will go you will return never in war will you perish. This can be read with a comma either before or after the word never. Thus it covers both outcomes.

References 

Greek mythology
was a  after Ninpei and before Hōgen.  This period started in October 1151 and ended in April 1154. The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Kyūju era
 1154 (Kyūju 1, 8th month): Fujiwara no Saneyoshi was named Grand General of the Left.

 22 August 1155 (Kyūju 2, 23rd day of the 7th month): In the 14th year of Konoe's reign, the emperor died.

 23 August 1155 (Kyūju 2, 24th day of the 7th month): The succession (senso) was received by a younger brother who would become known as Emperor Go-Shirakawa.  This was confirmed by ceremonies.

Related pages 
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
The Cuban Revolution (1953-1959) was an armed revolt in the mid-1950's. It was led by Fidel Castro against the government of Fulgencio Batista. The revolt took place between 1953 and 1959. Batista was finally removed from office on January 1, 1959. He was replaced by a revolutionary government led by Castro. This government changed to communism, and became the Communist Party of Cuba in October 1965.

The revolt began with the assault on the Moncada Barracks on July 26, 1953.  It ended on December 31st, 1958, when Batista was forced to leave the country and Santa Clara and Santiago de Cuba were taken by rebels. Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, Raúl Castro and Huber Matos led the rebels.  Guevara led the group at Santa Clara. Raúl Castro and Matos led the rebels at Santiago de Cuba. Castro used guerilla warfare methods.
The United States of America tried to sabotage the new government (Led by Fidel Castro) Cuba. The U.S tried to send them and more soldiers to the Bay of Pigs to try and create a surprise attack. Somehow, Fidel Castro got wind of their attack and sent his army to the bay to fight. The U.S force was outnumbered, and faced defeat. Many soldiers were captured and killed in public.  

1950s in Cuba
20th-century rebellions
Rebellions in North America
Revolutions
Anti-imperialism
George Robert Stephanopoulos (; born February 10, 1961) is an American television journalist and a former political advisor.

Stephanopoulos is the chief political correspondent for the news division at ABC-TV– and a co-anchor of ABC-TVs morning news program, Good Morning America (GMA). He returned as host of ABC-TV's This Week in January 2012, a Sunday morning news program produced by ABC-TV's news division. He is the main replacement anchor for ABC-TV's newscast program, World News with Diane Sawyer.

In recent years, he has co-hosted ABC Newss special live coverage of political events with Charles Gibson and Diane Sawyer. He and has often been on GMA and World News. He launched George's Bottom Line, an ABCNews.com blog.
Before he started working for ABC News, he was a senior political adviser to the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign of Bill Clinton. He later became the White House Communications Director for two years. He was replaced by David Gergen. This change came after the Republican party getting control of the U.S. House and Senate in the mid-term elections of 1994.

In April 2020, Stephanopoulos was diagnosed with COVID-19.

References

Further reading
Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. Vintage (New York City). .
Stephanopoulos, George (1999).  All Too Human – A Political Education. Little, Brown (Boston, Massachusetts). .

Other websites
abcnews.com/thisweek, This Week with George Stephanopoulos official website
blogs.abcnews.com/george, George's Bottom Line, an ABC News blog by Stephanopoulos
1961 births
Living people
American television news anchors
White House Communications Directors
American journalists
American television personalities
Columbia University alumni
Writers from New York City
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Ohio
Writers from Massachusetts
Democrats (United States)
American bloggers
People
 Alyce Platt, Australian actress
 Campion Platt, American architect
 Casper Platt (1892 – 1965), a United States federal judge.
 Charles Platt (science-fiction author), American writer
 Charles A. Platt, American architect
 Charles Z. Platt, NYS Treasurer 1813-1817
 Clive Platt, footballer
 Conal Platt, Irish footballer
 David Platt, English footballer
 Edward Platt, American character actor best known for his portrayal of "The Chief" in the 1965-70 television series Get Smart
 Geoff Platt, Canadian ice hockey player
 Howard Platt, stage and screen actor known for his role as "Officer Hopkins" on the hit NBC-TV series Sanford and Son
 Jenny Platt, British actress
 John Platt, computer scientist
 John Platt (MP), textile machine manufacturer from Oldham
 John Platt, partner in Mather and Platt in Salford
 Jonas Platt, New York politician
 J. Platt Goodsell (1819-1869), NY State Engineer and Surveyor 1866-1867
 Ken Platt, British north-country comedian
 Kin Platt, American writer for radio
"General" Larry Platt, American civil rights advocate and musician 
 Lewis Platt, American, CEO of Hewlett-Packard
 Marc Platt, British writer
 Marc Platt (dancer), American
 Marc E. Platt, American film producer 
 Moss K. Platt (1808-1876), New York politician
 Nicholas Platt, American diplomat
 Oliver Platt, American actor
 Orville H. Platt, American politician, proponent of the Platt Amendment
 Steve Platt, British journalist, former editor of The New Statesman
 Tristan Platt, British anthropologist
 Thomas C. Platt, American politician
 Zephaniah Platt, American lawyer
Fictional characters
 Bethany Platt, from Coronation Street
 David Platt (Coronation Street)
 Gail Platt, from Coronation Street
 Martin Platt, from Coronation Street
 Sarah-Louise Platt, from Coronation Street
 Yardley Platt, from Harry Potter
 Esme Anne Platt, from Twilight (her maiden name)

Related pages
Platt
Platts McGraw Hill
Platt Brothers Textile Machine Manufacturers
Scared Shrekless is a television Halloween special. It was first shown on the American television network NBC on Thursday, October 28, 2010.  The special is once again based on the characters from the Shrek franchise. While some of the actors reprised their roles, others don't return (such as Patrick Stewart, who is the new voice of Donkey).
It is Halloween night, and Shrek's family is celebrating by scaring trick-or-treaters. Inside their house, Donkey, Pinocchio, The Three Little Pigs, Wolf and Gingy fail to scare the ogres, and Shrek claims that nothing can scare an ogre because ogres are "the kings of Halloween". To prove him wrong, Donkey proposes a challenge to see who can tell the scariest story, but Shrek amps it up by choosing to hold their contest in Lord Farquaad's abandoned castle, Duloc. Gingy starts first with a story about his girlfriend dumping him and asking the muffin man for a new girlfriend, made with loads of sugar, thus giving her the name Sugar as revealed in the credits. Gingy becomes happy with her but ends up becoming freaked out of all her love for him. After running away and pushing her in a big container of batter, he finally becomes free of her and decides to go home, but the batter that Sugar was dropped in ended up creating thousands of zombie-like versions of herself, surrounding Gingy and eating him
. The Three Little Pigs get scared and run away with Wolf who claims they are his ride. Shrek comments on the falsehood of Gingy's "true" story, saying that he cannot be here if he was eaten, and he runs off as well.
Pinocchio denies that the story is true, but when Shrek shows him a Real Cricket, he screams and runs out. Now alone, Donkey and Shrek hear the wind moving about, and a walking suit of armour calling Donkey's name. Scared out of his wits, the Donkey admits defeat and runs away. Fiona reveals it was her and the babies who planned the ghost act and then they, along with Shrek, celebrate by egging the seven dwarves.

Scary stories
The Bride of Gingy, told by Gingerbread Man (a spoof of Bride of Frankenstein)
Boots Motel, told by Donkey and Puss in Boots (a spoof of Psycho)
The Shreksorcist, told by Shrek (a spoof of The Exorcist)
Cast
Mike Myers as Shrek
Patrick Stewart as Donkey
Cameron Diaz as Fiona
Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots
Cody Cameron as Pinocchio/The Three Little Pigs
Conrad Vernon as Gingerbread Man/Muffin Man
Christopher Knights as The Three Blind Mice
Aron Warner as Big Bad Wolf
Kristen Schaal as Sugar
Patty Cornell and Susan Fitzer as Creepy Clockwork Chorus
Sean Bishop as Geppetto/Prince Charming/The Cricket/Dwarves/Waffle
Miles Christopher Bakshi and Nina Zoe Bakshi as Ogre Babies (Felicia, Farkle and Fergus)
Louis Gabriel Basso III as Teenager #1
Devon Werkheiser as Teenager #2 and Teenager #3
Frank Welker as Animals' vocal effects (uncredited)

Home media
Scared Shrekless got its DVD release on September 13, 2011 and a double DVD release on September 27, 2011, along with Monsters vs. Aliens: Mutant Pumpkins from Outer Space.

References

Other websites

2010 animated movies
Television movies
American animated movies
Shrek
Norbit is a 2007 movie directed by Brian Robbins, and starring Eddie Murphy. It was released on February 9, 2007 and was a box-office success and was acclaimed from audience, although it received poor reviews from film critics.

Plot 
Norbit Albert Rice (Eddie Murphy) and Kate Thomas (Thandie Newton) are best friends at the Golden Wonton Orphanage and Chinese restaurant run by Mr. Wong (Murphy), until Kate is adopted and they are separated. While being bullied by twins at a playground one day, Norbit is saved by Rasputia Latimore (Murphy), an overweight tough girl who, in return for scaring him to be her boyfriend, protects him from other bullies and frightens the other children into playing with him. When they reach adulthood, Rasputia becomes an overbearing, moody, vindictive woman.
Deion runs away with his ex-wives in pursuit, effectively ending his marriage to Kate. Furious, Rasputia and her brothers try to kill Norbit for ruining their plans, but the townspeople unite and protect him. In a blind fury, Rasputia fights her way through the crowd armed with a spade. She orders her brothers to get out of the way as she tries to kill Norbit, but is harpooned in the backside by Mr. Wong. She and her brothers are chased out of town, and Kate reconciles with Norbit, and the two share a kiss. Norbit then ends his marriage to Rasputia, on the grounds of her affair with Buster, her attempted murder of him, and her plan to take over the orphanage.

Norbit and Kate buy the orphanage and marry under the same tree where they played in childhood. Meanwhile, Rasputia and her brothers flee to Mexico where they open their strip bar El Nipplopolis, where Big Black Jack becomes their bartender and Rasputia becomes their most lucrative stripper.

Other websites

2007 movies
Ciara Quinn Bravo (born March 18, 1997 in Alexandria, Kentucky) is an American actress, singer, and voice actress. She is best known for her role in Big Time Rush as Katie Knight. Bravo is also known for voicing Giselita in Open Season 3 and Peaches in Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas.

Filmography

Movies
 Big Time Audition - Katie Knight (2009)
 Big Time Concert - (2010)
 Big Time Christmas - (2010)
 Open Season 3 - Giselita (2010) (voice)
 Big Time Beach Party - Katie Knight (2011)
 Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown - Patty (2011) (voice)
 My Dog's Christmas Miracle - Heather (2011)
 Big Time Break-Up - Katie Knight (2011)

Television

2008
 Can You Teach My Alligator Manners? - Additional Voices (voice)

2009
 Special Agent Oso - Sarah (voice)
 The Cafeteria - Caroline (short)
 Washed Up - Sarah
 Big Time Rush - Katie Knight

2011
 Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas - Peaches (TV special) (voice)
 BrainSurge - Herself

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

American child actors
American movie actors
American pop musicians
Singers from Kentucky
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Kentucky
1997 births
Living people
Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run is a 2006 American computer-animated short movie from Sony Pictures Animation. The movie is a spin-off of the movie Open Season and stars Boog and Elliot, the main characters of the Open Season franchise.

Plot 
One summer night, Bob and Bobbie (Georgia Engel) leave the trailer to go skinny-dipping, leaving Mr. Weenie (Cody Cameron) to guard the cinnamon buns they left on the counter. Boog (Martin Lawrence) and Elliot (Ashton Kutcher) sneak into the camp and discover there's buns in trailer. Unfortunately, Weenie is guarding the door.
To avoid the waking Weenie, Boog and Elliot climb onto the roof and Boog ties Elliot to the end of a rope and lowers him through the open skylight. Unfortunately, Elliot is distracted by the buns and salivates, waking Mr. Weenie, who bites his backside, accidentally pulling Boog into the trailer. Bob and Bobbie is hear noises from outside and think that Weenie is being nightmarely attacked. Bobbie puts on a towel to go investigate. Shocked by what she sees, she accidentally drops her towel, revealing her bare tattooed buttocks (as well as everything else her breasts, abdomen, and crotch, which are off-screen) to the passing police car, whose driver pulls over, startled away by the screaming and naked woman. Elliot runs out of the window looking for a place to hide, leaving Boog incriminatingly holding Weenie by the tail when the police officer, Gordy (Gordon Tootoosis), breaks into the RV camper. Then Mr. Weenie laughs to Boog, "You are so busted?!" and Boog responds, "Tell me about it?.."

Voice cast
Voice cast

 Martin Lawrence as Boog
 Ashton Kutcher as Elliot
 Georgia Engel as Bobbie
 Gordon Tootoosis as Sheriff Gordy
 Cody Cameron as Mr. Weenie

Release

Home media 
Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run was exclusively released on December 15, 2006, as a special feature on the Open Season DVD and Blu-ray.

The DVD copy of the short film was released on May 9, 2007 in China and the DVD copy of the short film was released on March 18, 2008 in Japan. The DVD copy of the short film was debuted on TV in Sweden on December 27, 2009.

References 

 ↑ McCutcheon, David (January 4, 2007). "Open Season's DVD Hunt". IGN. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
 ↑ "Open Season Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved August 23, 2011.

2006 movies
English-language movies
Open Season (franchise)
Karley Scott Collins (born December 14, 1999) is an American actress and voice artist. She is the voice of Gisela in the Open Season franchise.

Filmography
 The Class
 Private Practice
 The Hottie & the Nottie
 Pulse 2: Afterlife
 Amusement
 Pulse 3
 The Collecter
 Amish Grace
 Letters to God
 Open Season 3
 Family Guy
 Fringe
 Answers to Nothing
 When You Find Me
 Once Upon a Time

Other websites

1999 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Florida
Comedians from Florida
American television producers
American television writers
Robert Max Berdahl (born March 15, 1937) is an American historian, author and the interim President of the University of Oregon (OU). He was chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley from 1997 to 2004. He was president of the Association of American Universities (AAU) from May 2006 to June 2011. In addition to his duties as interim President, he serves on the Board of Directors of Lam Research Corporation.

Biography
Berdahl was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota in 1937. He received his B.A. degree from Augustana College (South Dakota). Berdahl got an M.A. degree from the University of Illinois. He earned a Ph.D. in history from the University of Minnesota in 1965.
Berdahl taught history at OU from 1967 to 1986. During that time he was dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1981 to 1986 while Paul Olum was OU president.  Olum also was forced to retire in a fight over resources for the university.  Berdahl then was vice chancellor for academic affairs at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for seven years.  He then was president of the University of Texas for four years.

On December 9, 2011, Berdahl announced that he had been asked by the Oregon State Board of Higher Education to serve as the interim president of the University of Oregon.   On November 28, 2011, the board gave Richard W. Lariviere 30 days to leave his office. Berdahl had written an editorial supporting Lariviere. Berdahl took office on December 29, 2011 and will serve until fall 2012 when his successor is named.

References

Other websites
 OU official webpage

1937 births
American historians
Living people
People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Richard W. Lariviere was President of the University of Oregon (OU) from 2009 to 2011. He is a Life Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
He became president of OU in 2009. Lariviere's contract was not renewed in 2011 amid a racketeering scandal in the OU Dean of Students office. 

Lariviere has stated that he will remain at OU as a tenured faculty member.

Biography
Lariviere was Visiting Lecturer in the South Asia Regional Studies Department of the University of Pennsylvania from 1978-79. He was a Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa from 1980-1982. Lariviere was dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas at Austin from 1999 to 2006. He was executive vice chancellor and provost at the University of Kansas from 2006 to 2009.
As OU president, Lariviere answered to a number of different groups.  He ran into two problems: OU salaries and OU governance. Before Lariviere arrived at OU, salaries were frozen for several years. OU could not compete with other colleges. In February 2011, Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber asked all the public universities in Oregon to limit payroll increases to six percent. But Lariviere found OU money that did not come from Oregon to give bigger pay increases to faculty and staff. This caused the unions to demand a pay increase from OU for their members.
All seven public colleges in Oregon are run by a single Oregon state board of higher education. Lariviere agreed to work with other public colleges to seek more independence in a plan that resulted in Senate Bill 242. Governor Kitzhaber signed that law on July 20, 2011 to give public college more control over how they spend money. At the same time, OU developed a separate legislative proposal (the "New Partnership") to start a separate 15-person board of trustees for OU and a $800 million state bond issue to match private donations to a new OU endowment fund. The governor and state board asked Lariviere to delay pushing for the OU legislation while Senate Bill 242 went through the legislature first.  Because Lariviere and OU seemed to be working separately from the Governor and state board, the board voted to fire him on November 28, 2011. He was given 30 days to leave his office. The board hired Robert M. Berdahl as interim president.
Education
Ph.D. Asian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1978
B.A. History of Religion, University of Iowa, 1972

References

Other websites
Presidential website
vitae  (PDF)
OU biography

1950 births
Living people
Asian studies
Educators from Chicago
The Oxford Movement was a religious movement within the Church of England, based at the University of Oxford, which began in 1833. Members of this movement were known as 'Tractarians' (from Tracts for the Times, a collection of books, pamphlets and essays that described their beliefs); opponents of the movement called them Newmanites (before 1845) and Puseyites (from 1845), after John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey, two leading Tractarians. The members of the movement tried to bring back Catholic doctrine and forms of service (how Sunday services and other forms of worship were carried out in Anglican churches, the Oxford Movement wanting to make these  more like a Catholic Mass) into the Church of England. They also believed the Anglican church was an 'apostolic' church, connected directly to the Church of Saint Peter and the other Apostles. John Keble was another leader of the movement.
Today, it is represented in the 'Anglo-Catholic' or High Church (more Catholic, as opposed to Low Church, more Protestant) part of the Anglican Church, the smaller, conservative part. Recently, with the Anglican Church debating if female clergymen should be allowed, some Anglo-Catholics, such as Bishop Burnham, Bishop Newton and sixty priests have left the Church and converted to Rome in protest, as they do not believe female bishops, or female priests should be allowed.

More information
Michael Chandler An Introduction to the Oxford Movement. New York: Church Publishing, 2003

Other websites
 Tracts for the Times
 Tractarianism (Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge)

Anglicanism
, also romanized as Nimpyō, was a  after Kyūan and before Kyūju.  This period started in January 1151 and ended in October 1154. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Ninpei era
 1151 (Ninpei 1, 1st month): Fujiwara no Yorinaga was given the role of reading formal written requests before they should be presented to the emperor.

 13 April 1152 (Ninpei 2, 7th day of the 3rd month): Emperor Konoe visited the home of former Emperor Toba on the occasion of his 50th birthday.

 28 January 1153 (Ninpei 3, 2nd day of the 1st month): Konoe re-visited his father's home.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Graphics Interchange Format (often shortened to GIF) is a file format for images.

It is a raster graphics format; that is the image has a fixed size. CompuServe developed and introduced the format in 1987. Today, it is widely used on the World Wide Web.The format supports up to 8 bits per pixel, or 256 colors. It also supports animations. Each frame of an animation can have its own set of 256 colors. GIF is not used to show photographs very much, because having only 256 colors is limiting for such a task.

To reduce their size, images are compressed using Lempel–Ziv–Welch compression. Lempel-Ziv-Welch, or LZW, is a lossless compression. No information is lost when compressing or uncompressing. There were some problems with the patent of the LZW compression. That patent was not held by CompuServe, but by Unisys. These issues led to the development of another format, called PNG. This is no longer a problem, because the patents have expired.
A GIF may often represent a small clip of a favorite scene from a show or video.

Pronunciation of GIF 
The creators of the format pronounced the word as "jif" with a soft "G" /dʒɪf/ as in "gin". Steve Wilhite says that the intended pronunciation deliberately echoes the American peanut butter brand Jif, and CompuServe employees would often say "Choosy developers choose GIF", spoofing this brand's television commercials.

The disagreement over the pronunciation led to heated Internet debate. On the occasion of receiving a lifetime achievement award at the 2013 Webby Award ceremony, Wilhite rejected the hard-"G" pronunciation, and his speech led to 17,000 posts on Twitter and 50 news articles.

References

Computer science
Data compression
, also romanized as Kyū-an, was a  after Ten'yō and before Ninpei.  This period spanned the years from July 1145 through January 1151. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Kyūan Era
 1145 (Kyūan 1, 8th month): Taiken-mon In, died. She was mother of former-Emperor Sutoku.  

 1146 (Kyūan 2, 2nd month), The emperor visited the home of former Emperor Toba.

 1146 (Kyūan 2, 12th month), Konoe joined Fujiwara no Tadamichi in celebrating his 58th birthday.

 1148 (Kyūan 4, 6th month): In Heian-kyō (Kyoto), the imperial palace was destroyed by fire.

 1150 (Kyūan 6, 1st month): Konoe married Fujiwara-no Tokoku.  This bride became kōgū (first empress).

 1150 (Kyūan 6, 3rd month): Konoe took a second wife; and this bride became chūgyo (second empress).  Konoe caused discord when he neglected his first wife.

 1150 (Kyūan 6, 12th month): Minamoto no Yoshikane became head of the Ashikaga clan in Shimotsuke province.

Related pages 
 Heian period

References
Tabuaeran is one of the Line Islands of the central Pacific Ocean. It is an atoll. Tabueran is part of Kiribati.  The highest point on the island is about 3 m (10 ft) above high tide.

Tabuaeran is the name in Gilbertese language. The island is also called Fanning Island or Fanning Atoll in English.

Other websites
Map of Tabuaeran 
Fanning Island on Jane Resture's Oceania Home Page  A strong resource including geography, history, photos, and links.
Fanning-Island.com 
Ancient Polynesian remains
Atoll Institute, proposed Field Station 
 Edmund Fanning in Explorers of the Pacific by Buck (eText)

Pacific islands
Atolls
Islands of Kiribati
Augustana University is a private liberal arts college in South Dakota. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The school is in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The 100-acre (40 ha) campus makes the school the largest private university in South Dakota. Some people call the college “Augie.”

It was first called "The Lutheran Normal School". It was started for the purpose of educating teachers. In 1918, the college got its current name after joining with Augustana College in Canton. This happened because synod officials worried about having enough money to run two institutions so close together. The schools were only 20 miles (32 km) apart. The college claims its founding as 1860, the same as its sister-school (which shares the same name) in Rock Island, Illinois. Augustana gets its name from the Confessio Augustana, the Latin name for the Augsburg Confession of 1530.
Augustana regularly gets high rankings among other Midwestern schools. Publications such as The Princeton Review named Augustana a "Best Midwestern College" and U.S. News & World Report listed Augustana as a "Best Buy" in 2009. U.S. News & World Report has listed the school a top tier baccalaureate college in the Midwest for 13 years in a row, with Augustana placing third as of 2009. It got this ranking again in 2010.

References

Other websites

 Augustana College, official website
 Augustana Choir 
 Augustana Computer Organization 
 KAUR FM , Minnesota Public Radio's talk radio station (owned in name by Augustana College).
 Augustana Pre-Med Club 
 The Mirror , Augustana's student newspaper
 Augustana College Theatre Company
 Circle K , Circle K International-Augustana chapter
 ACSJ Augustana Coalition for Social Justice Blog
  Mikkelsen Library
 Hillsboro Academy , Historical Society of Montgomery County Illinois
Colleges and universities in South Dakota
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1860s establishments in Illinois
1900s establishments in South Dakota
1860 establishments in the United States
Chiodos (pronounced  ) is an American post hardcore band. They formed in Davison, Michigan in 2001. The band was first known as "The Chiodos Bros." This was a tribute to the filmmakers Stephen, Charles, and Edward Chiodo. Chiodos released their first full-length album on July 26, 2005. It was titled All's Well That Ends Well. Their second album was titled Bone Palace Ballet. 

It was released in North America on September 4, 2007.  Later on, Warner Bros. Records released Bone Palace Ballet in the United Kingdom on January 26, 2009. It debuted at number 5 on the Billboard 200.
It also reached number 1 on the Independent Albums chart. In 2010, they released their third studio titled Illuminaudio. This is the first album without lead vocalist Craig Owens. Chiodos has not said why they let Owens leave the band. On February 2, 2010, Chiodos announced Brandon Bolmer from Yesterday's Rising would be their new lead vocalist. Illuminaudio has received very positive reviews. It reached #37 on the Billboard 200 and #5 on Top Alternative Albums.

Band members
Current
Pat McManaman - rhythm guitar (since 2001)
Bradley Bell - keyboards, synthesizers, piano, backing vocals (since 2001)
Matt Goddard - bass guitar (since 2001)
Jason Hale - lead guitar (since 2004)
Brandon Bolmer - lead vocals (since 2010)
Tanner Wayne - drums (since 2010)

Former
Craig Owens - lead vocals (2001–2009)
Crosby Clark - drums (2002–2004)
Dane Spencer - lead guitar (2002–2003)
Patrick "Chip" Kelly - lead guitar (2003–2004)
Derrick Frost - drums (2004–2009)
Mike Catalano - drums (2009)
Discography
EP's
 The Chiodos Bros. (2001)
 The Best Way to Ruin Your Life (2002)
 The Heartless Control Everything (2003)
Studio albums
 All's Well That Ends Well (2005)
 Bone Palace Ballet (2007)
 Illuminaudio (2010)

References

Post-hardcore bands
Musical groups from Michigan
Davison is a city in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan and a suburb of Flint. The population was 5,536 at the 2000 census. Davison is located within Davison Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , which is all land. Davison was first settled in 1842 by Eleazer Thurston. Davison was named after Judge Norman Davison, who founded a nearby town formerly known as Davisonville, now known as Atlas.

References

Cities in Michigan
The Chiodo Brothers (Stephen, Charles & Edward Chiodo, all born in Bronx, New York) are a group of sibling special effects artists. They are best known for their movie Killer Klowns from Outer Space and for making puppets and effects for movies such as Critters, Ernest Scared Stupid, and Team America: World Police. They made the detailed dioramas seen in the 2010 movie Dinner for Schmucks. The post-hardcore band Chiodos (originally called The Chiodos Bros) is named after them as a tribute.

Their studio has also made several clay animation segments on The Simpsons

References

Other websites
 
 
 

entertainers from New York City
Living people
The Saturdays are a five person Anglo-Irish girl group. They were formed in 2007 in London. They released their first single, "If This Is Love" in 2008. The group consists of Una Healy, Mollie King, Frankie Sandford, Vanessa White and Rochelle Humes. They have sold over four million singles in the UK and Ireland.

Other websites
Official website

2007 establishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British girl groups
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups from London
Musical quintets
Viber is an application for iOS, Windows Phone and Android OS. It lets users make free phone calls and send free text messages to anyone who has the application installed. Viber works on both 3G and Wi-Fi networks. A version for BlackBerry devices is in the works, according to Viber. 

As of March 2017, this application is said to have 800 million registered users worldwide. In 2017, the app introduced a new feature "secret chats" wherein, the users are given an option to start conversations that self-destruct after a certain time limit.

Reference

 Fans website

Other websites 
 Official website

software
telecommunications
messaging
Some computer museums are a part of larger institutions. For example, the Science Museum in London and the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Others, such as the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, the MuseumsForum in Paderborn, and The National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park, deal only with computing. Some deal mainly in the early history of computing. Others focus in the era that started with the first personal computers such as the Apple I, Altair 8800, Apple IIs, older Apple Macintoshes, Commodore Internationals, Amigas, IBM PCs and more rare computers such as the Osborne 1. Some deal more on research and conservation. Some museums are for computer education and entertainment.  There are also private collections.
The term 'museum' has grown in common usage to include online collections, in much the same way other activities have made the change ('Online shopping', 'Online Gallery' etc.). Online Museums range in type and quality from those that collate and preserve material to those that simply show photographs of hardware from other sources. They are different from traditional museums mainly in that the exhibits can not be touched or interacted with in the traditional sense.

Further reading
Bell, Gordon (2011). Out of a Closet: The Early Years of the Computer Museums. Microsoft Technical Report MSR-TR-2011-44.
Bruemmer, Bruce H. (1987). Resources for the History of Computing: A Guide to U.S. & Canadian Records. Charles Babbage Institute.
Cortada, James W. (1990). Archives of Data-Processing History: A Guide to Major U.S. Collections. Greenwood

Notes and references

Other websites
Other websites

Online museums
Bitsavers – Extensive software and document archive.
Bull computer History
Columbia University Computing History
Early Office Museum – Bookkeeping, adding, calculating, tabulating machines.
ENIAC Museum, University of Pennsylvania
IBM Archives
Information Processing Society of Japan – IPSJ Computer Museum
old-computers.com – , it includes 935 computers, 84 consoles and 98 pongs.
Russian Virtual Computer Museum
The Apple Museum – ...more than 350 Apple products listed
The Computer Collector
Videocard virtual museum – Videocard personal collection

North American museums
iMusée  (Montreal, Quebec, Canada)
Intel Museum (Santa Clara, Ca.)
Microsoft Visitor Center (Redmond, Wash.) – ...vision, products, culture, and history of Microsoft.
Old Computer Museum (Mass.) – Private collection
Smithsonian Computer History Collection (Wash. D.C.)
European museums 
Retro Computer Museum (Leicestershire, England) – Regular open days and hands-on events.
ComputerMuseum–Muenchen (Muenchen, Germany) – With a division for Seymour Cray/CDC/Cray Research 
FWT UNESCO Computer Museum (Padova, Italy)
Heinz Nixdorf Museum  (Paderborn, Germany) – Claims to be the largest.
House for the History of IBM Data Processing  (Sindelfingen, Germany)
The Jim Austin Computer Collection (York, England) – A private collection that can be visited by appointment.
The technikum29 museum (nr. Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany) – A small museum of computer and communications technology that specializes in maintaining and demonstrating equipment in fully working order.
The UK National Archive for the History of Computing  (Manchester, England) – Concentrates on the preservation of historical documents related to computing, rather than on the computers themselves.
Universiteit van Amsterdam – Computer Museum (The Netherlands)
Lists of Computer museums
Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum's extensive links for the history of computers and technology 
The Computer Collector: listing of collections, museums, historical information

Museums
Computers
Portfolio management refers to earning money by putting assets into different types of investments. The idea of portfolio management comes from the portfolio theory. This theory says that a person can reduce the risk of investment by having a diversified portfolio that has different types of securities of which some of them may cause a great return on the investment.

Finance
Keio may refer to:

 Keiō (慶応), a Japanese era name
 Keio University (慶應義塾大学), a Tokyo-based University
Kōan is a story, dialog, question, or statement in the context of Zen Buddhism.

Kōan may mean:
 Kōan (Kamakura period), a Japanese era (1278-1288)
 Kōan (Muromachi period), a Japanese era (1361-1362)
 Emperor Kōan, the 6th emperor of Japan
Main Characters

Lelouch Lamperouge
His real name is Lelouch vi Britannia. He is the eleventh prince of the empire of Britannia. His mother, Marianne vi Britannia was murdered when he was child. Then his younger sister Nunnally became blind and could not walk by herself. She needed a wheelchair. Therefore, he hated Britannia and decided to create the kind world where Nunnally can live safely. He obtained Geass from C.C. and leaded a group of terrorists he united as the Black Knights with his well-known identity as Zero towards his revenge against Britannia and to create a better world for Nunnally. He latter wields the Knightmare Gawain with C.C. and Shinkirō in R2.

Suzaku Kururugi
He is the son of the former Japanese prime minister and friend of Lelouch in childhood before he joined the Britannian military hoping to change Britannia from the inside. He wields the Knightmare Lancelot.

C.C.
She gives Lelouch the power of Geass. She is immortal because she bears the code.
Kallen Stadtfeld
She is half Japanese and half Britannian. She is the pilot of the Knightmare Guren Mk-II. She is an important member of the Black Knights.

Media

Anime
Code Geass premiered on the Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS) television station at 25:25 on October 5, 2006. Its satellite television premiere across Japan on Animax was on November 7, 2006. Its sequel, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 was first announced on the March 2007. Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 premiered on all Japan News Network (JNN) member stations on April 6, 2008.

Another OVA anime titled  was made known through the anime's official website. Takahiro Kimura did the character designs of the series. Makoto Baba was assigned as the director of the OVA. In the story, Lelouch makes the ultimate use of his Geass for his little sister Nunnally. The Blu-ray was released by Bandai Visual on July 27, 2012 with English subtitles.
A 3-part theatrical movie remake of the first 2 seasons of the anime was released with the first movie released on October 21, 2017. The second movie titled  was released on February 10, 2018. The third compilation movie, titled  was released on May 26, 2018.

Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection was announced on November 27, 2016. It will be released  in Japan in February 9, 2019. Funimation announced that they licensed the movie for its North American release in 2019.

Other websites
Official Code Geass website

References

2010s anime
2006 television series debuts
2006 establishments in Japan
2007 television series endings
2007 disestablishments in Japan
2018 anime movies
2017 anime movies
Light novels
Yun Seon-do (; June 22, 1587  June 11, 1671) was a Korean politician, philosopher, and poet during the Joseon Dynasty. He was also called Gosan (고산, 孤山), Haeong (해옹, 海翁), or Yaki (약이, 約而).

Works 
 Gosanseonsaengyugo (고산선생유고, 孤山先生遺稿)
 Byeoljip (별집, 別集)
 Yakhwaje (약화제, 藥和劑)
 Seonchangyak (선창약, 癬瘡藥)
 Hwaechungyak (회충약, 蛔蟲藥)
 Haesuyak (해수약, 咳嗽藥)
 Bokhaksinbang (복학신방, 腹학神方)
 Uyeoksinbang (우역신방, 牛疫神方)
 Oseonjubang (오선주방, 五仙酒方)

Related pages
 Heo Mok
 Yun Hyu
 Jeong Gu
 Song Siyeol
 Jeong Yak-yong

Other websites 

 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=123646
 http://people.aks.ac.kr/front/tabCon/ppl/pplView.aks?pplId=PPL_6JOb_A1587_1_0008531 
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=689760
 http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=465

1587 births
1671 deaths
Korean politicians
Korean autobiographers
Korean poets