Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Jochen Hecht (born June 21, 1977 in Mannheim, West Germany) is a retired ice hockey centre that played a combined 13 seasons in the NHL.

He was picked by the St. Louis Blues with the 49th overall pick in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. Hecht played 2 seasons with the St. Louis Blues, 1 season with the Edmonton Oilers and 10 seasons with the Buffalo Sabres. He also played 5 seasons in the DEL with Adler Mannheim. 

On April 26, 2013, he announced that he was retiring from professional ice hockey to reporters in the locker room after the Sabres final regular season game against the New York Islanders.

References

Other websites 

1977 births
Living people
American Hockey League players
Buffalo Sabres players
Edmonton Oilers players
German ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Mannheim
St. Louis Blues players
Worcester IceCats players
In economics, a Giffen good is one that people consume more of when its price increases. This violates the Law of Demand. This paradox is named after Robert Giffen, who first described it. Giffen observed that households that only had a minimum wage to survive, bought more bread when the bread price increased. This can be explained as follows: These households have to split their income between the cheap (and inferior) good, e.g. "bread", and an expensive good, e.g. meat. When the price of this inferior good increases by a certain amount, they can no longer afford to buy the more expensive good. For this reason, they spend more of their income on bread in order to be able to survive.
Alfred Marshall wrote in Principles of Economics: 
There are however some exceptions. For instance, as Mr Giffen has pointed out, a rise in the price of bread makes so large a drain on the resources of the poorer labouring families and raises so much the marginal utility of money to them, that they are forced to curtail their consumption of meat and the more expensive farinaceous foods: and, bread being still the cheapest food which they can get and will take, they consume more, and not less of it. But such cases are rare; when they are met with they must be treated separately.

References

Goods
Lima is a city in Allen County, Ohio, United States. The population of Lima was 40,081 in 2000. The mayor of Lima is David Berger. Lima was founded in 1831 as a county seat which was mandated by the Ohio legislature. It got its name from Patrick G. Goode, who was a judge. He insisted on the Spanish pronunciation "Lee-mah" after the capital city of Peru, but the pronunciation — "Lye-mah" — won.

Professional wrestler Al Snow was born in Lima. Actor and movie critic Donald Richie was also born there.

References

Other websites
The city hall of Lima 

Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
1831 establishments in Ohio
Growing Pains is an American situation comedy that aired beginning in 1985 and ended in 1992. The show focused on an upper middle class family who had three children together. Joanna Kerns played Maggie Seaver and Tracey Gold played Carol Seaver.

1980s American sitcoms
1985 American television series debuts
1992 American television series endings
1990s American sitcoms
English-language television programs
ABC network series
Degrassi: The Next Generation is a Canadian teen drama created by Yan Moore and Linda Schuyler. It was shown on CTV, MuchMusic and MTV Canada. The series has had fourteen seasons and had made 385 episodes.

The TV series spawned two movies: Degrassi Goes Hollywood in 2009 and Degrassi Takes Manhattan in 2010.

TV.com rated the series a 8.8.

In June 2014, it was announced that Degrassi would end. The last episode will air on July 31, 2015. Degrassi will be replaced by Degrassi: Next Class. The show will air on Netflix instead of TeenNick.

References

Other websites
Degrassi: The Next Generation at muchmusic.com

2010s Canadian television series
2001 Canadian television series debuts
2010s drama television series
2015 television series endings
2015 disestablishments in Canada
English-language television programs
Second City Television is a Canadian sketch comedy television series that first aired on September 21, 1976 and last aired on July 17, 1984. The series had 6 seasons and made 135 episodes. One of SCTV's most popular sketches was the Bob & Doug McKenzie sketches which featured Bob who was played by Rick Moranis and Doug is played by Dave Thomas. The sketch was so popular that it was given its own animated show in 2009 and was featured on the 2002 episode, "The Bart Wants What It Wants" of The Simpsons when they visit Toronto.

In Canada, reruns are shown on The Comedy Network.

References

Other websites
SCTV at tv.com 

Canadian television series
1976 television series debuts
Comedy television series
English-language television programs
A one-party system is a form of government where the country is ruled by a single political party, meaning only one political party exists and the forming of other political parties is forbidden.

Some countries have many political parties that exist, but only one that can by law be in control. This is called a one-party dominant state. In this case opposition parties against the dominant ruling party are allowed, but have no real chance of gaining power.  For example, in China all power is vested in the Communist Party of China.  Other parties are allowed to exist only if they accept the leading role of the Communist Party
.
The Soviet Union from 1922–1991, Nazi Germany from 1933–1945, Italy under Benito Mussolini from 1922–1943, and various Eastern Bloc states are some of the best-known examples of one-party states in history. Some one-party states are considered dictatorships and called a police state or a military dictatorship, if a secret police force or the military is used to keep a dictator in power through force.

The one-party system is also a common trait of communist Marxist-Leninist and fascist political philosophies.

Examples
As of October 1, 2020, there are 9 states that are ruled by a single party:
China (Communist party of China, 8 registered minor parties)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (AKA- North Korea) (Korean Workers' Party) - 2 minor parties that exist on paper only
Vietnam (Vietnamese Communist party)
Cuba (Cuban Communist party)
Eritrea
Western Sahara
Myanmar (Burma) A military dictatorship removed the elected president and now rules the country. There are no elections. Htin Kyaw was appointed Prime Minister by the Army.
Laos (Communist party of Laos)

Former examples of one-party states
Those are states whose were formerly ruled by single parties:
Nazi Germany (Nazi Party)
Kingdom of Italy (National Fascist Party)
Socialist Republic of Romania (Romanian Communist Party)
Democratic Kampuchea (Communist Party of Kampuchea)
Empire of Japan (Imperial Rule Assistance Association)
Polish People's Republic (Polish Workers' Party)
Soviet Union (Communist Party of the Soviet Union)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (League of Communists of Yugoslavia)
Syrian Arab Republic (Ba'ath Party)
Serbia (Serbian Progressive Party)

Similar situations

De facto one-party states 
Countries where other parties are legal, but none exists at present. Also, in some kingdoms a royal family actually rules the country with or without political parties. Kingdoms and Emirates in the Middle East are examples.
Dominant-party system 
Examples commonly cited include: United Russia (CP) in Russia, the New Azerbaijan Party in Azerbaijan, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Turkey, Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) in Serbia, Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPS) in Montenegro, the People's Action Party (PAP) in Singapore, the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, the Ba'ath Party in the Syrian Arab Republic, Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea in Equatorial Guinea, Awami League in Bangladesh, the Belaya Rus in Belarus, PSUV in Venezuela, MPLA in Angola, the FRELIMO in Mozambique, the Colorado Party in Paraguay, the ZANU-PF in Zimbabwe, and the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan.
In some countries which have this system, methods are used to suppress other parties, without actually banning them. In some cases state power is used directly and indirectly to prevent smaller parties getting more votes. This can include electoral fraud, gerrymandering or court decisions (which are controlled by the government). In many cases, opposition leaders and other figures are prevented from using the mass media at election time, and also they often are threatened, harassed, jailed and even killed. In other cases, apart from the government candidates, only candidates from smaller allied parties and "independent" candidates who are closely allied to the dominant ruling party, get an overwhelming advantage.

In these cases, the defeat of the government "cannot be expected for the forseeable future".

References

Political systems
Dictatorship
Tracey Claire Fisher, better known as Tracey Gold (born May 16, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Carol Seaver in the sitcom Growing Pains from 1985 until 1992. She also acted in other television programs. Tracey Gold was born in New York City.

References

American television actors
Actors from New York City
1969 births
Living people
Skor is a chocolate bar made by The Hershey Company. It is a bar covered with milk chocolate and has butter toffee in the center of it. Skor was first launched in 1981 in the United States and 1983 in Canada under the name, Rutnam. One skor bar has 200 calories.

References

Other websites
Skor at thehersheycompany.com 

Candy
Heterozygote advantage is the situation where, at a gene locus, the heterozygote has greater fitness than either homozygote.p205 It is a type of balancing selection.

Sickle cell anaemia as an example 
Hb+ = gene for normal haemoglobin molecules; Hbs = mutant gene. Three genotypes are possible in a population: Hb+Hb+ producing a normal phenotype; Hb+Hbs the heterozygote; and HbsHbs homozygous for sickle cell anaemia.

Fitness 
The fitness of these three genotypes varies according to the environment. In the temperate zone, the normal homozygotes and the heterozygotes will leave most offspring. This is because the homozygote for sickle cell has less chance of surviving to leave children, and if they do survive, they will have many health problems.

In a tropical climate, such as equatorial Africa, malaria is a big killer. There, the heterozygote has the advantage in fitness. They do not get malaria so badly, and they do not suffer the earlier deaths of the homozygote sickle cell sufferers.
Not surprisingly, the Hbs gene is present in about a quarter of Africans from the countries near the equator. In Europeans it is a rare gene.

Polymorphism 
Heterozygote advantage is probably the main cause of polymorphism in biological species. Polymorphism, alternate genetic types in a population (for example different blood groups), is extremely common. The fitness of the heterozygotes keeps a wide range of alternate gene alleles in a population. This,  in turn, gives the population a wide range of genetic 'resources' and this gives a better chance of survival.

Related pages 
Hybrid vigour

References 

Classical genetics
However, in 1994, when the Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez was not finished for it's grand prix, known as the Argentine Grand Prix, Jerez hosted the European Grand Prix that year. As well, a chicane was added in Turn 11 to slow down the cars and to avoid possibly fatal (deadly) accidents, such as the one suffered by Roland Ratzenberger at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix. The European Grand Prix returned in 1997, this time being the final race of the season, and the championship was going to be decided between Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve. However, during the podium celebrations, Jerez's Mayor Pedro Pacheco disrupted the podium celebrations by presenting a trophy that was supposed to be presented by a dignitary from Daimler-Benz, which was related to Mercedes, an engine supplier who won the race. This incident resulted on the track being temporarily banned from hosting a Grand Prix
. It has never hosted another Grand Prix, but still holds winter testing during the pre-season, and still remains very popular.
As of 2010, the circuit still holds the Spanish Motorcycle Grand Prix, and has done so since 1990.

Formula One circuits
1985 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Spain
Bhangra started in the Punjab region, now divided between India and Pakistan, and began as a folk dance which was conducted by Punjabi farmers of all creeds, Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus, to celebrate the coming of the harvest season. 

Bhangra became popular in Britain in the 1980s and the artists of Bhangra were selling over 30,000 cassettes a week in the UK even though not one of the artists made their way into the Top 40 UK Chart. Bhangra is also popular in Canada where singer, Jazzy B sold over 55,000 copies of his third album, Folk and Funky and became one of the best-selling Punjabi folk artists in the world.
The outfits for Bhangra are Turla or torla, Pag, which is a turban that is a sign of pride/honor in Punjab and is tied differently than the traditional turbans that the Sikhs and other people wear on the street, Kurta which is a silk shirt, with about four buttons and is very loose with embroidered patterns, Lungi or chadar which is a loose loincloth tied around the dancer's waist, Jugi which is a waistcoat with no buttons, and Rumāl which are small scarves that are worn tied on to the fingers.

Other websites 

Bhangra website

References 

Dances
Dance in India
Pakistani music
The Kia Sorento is a mid-size crossover SUV that is built by the Kia Motors company. The Sorento has had 2 generations during its time. The assembly for the Nissan Cube is in South Korea, United States and Kazakhstan. The current generation Sorento shares the same platform with the Hyundai Santa Fe.

Other websites
Kia Sorento at kia.ca 

Kia automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Paul di Resta (born April 16, 1986 in Livingston West Lothian) is a Scottish auto racing driver.  He is the current DTM champion. He make his Formula One debut in the  Australian Grand Prix with the Force India, finishing in the points with a 10th place finish.

Career

Karting 
Di Resta started his career in karting. He raced in several series of karts from 1994 until 2002. In 2001 he won the British JICA Championship.

Formula Renault 
Di Resta moved up to single-seaters at the end of 2002. he competed in the British Formula Renault Winter Series. He raced full-time in 2003 with the Eurotek Motorsport team. Di Resta finished seventh in the standings with one race win. He switched to Manor Motorsport for 2004, and finished third in the championship with four wins. Di Resta also entered some races of Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 with the Manor team. He also won the prestigious McLaren Autosport BRDC Young Driver of The Year Award in 2004. The award had been won by his cousin Dario Franchitti in 1992.
Formula Three 
Di Resta moved to the Formula Three Euroseries with Manor Motorsport in 2005, and finished tenth in the standings. For 2006 he moved to the ASM Formule 3 team. He won the championship with five wins. He beat his team mate, future Formula One World Drivers Champion, Sebastian Vettel. Di Resta also won the 2006 BP Ultimate Masters at Circuit Park Zandvoort.

DTM 

In 2007, di Resta switched from single-seaters to race in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM) touring car racing series for Mercedes. He finished fifth in the championship. Di Resta was the highest driver in the standings to drive a non-2007 car. His performance earned him a 2008 Mercedes C-Class for the 2008 season. Di Resta finished second in the 2008 championship, winning two races. In 2009, he finished third overall. In 2010, he won three races in a row on the way to winning the DTM championship.

Formula One
Formula One 

Di Resta has tested for the McLaren Formula One team in 2009. In December 2009, di Resta took part in a test with the Force India at the Jerez circuit. On February 2, Force India announced they signed di Resta at their reserve driver.

Force India (2011–) 
On 26 January 2011 it was confirmed that di Resta will join Adrian Sutil at the Force India team for the  season. He will replace Vitantonio Liuzzi, and Nico Hülkenberg will replace di Resta as the reserve driver.

Career summary 

 Season in progress.
 – As di Resta was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.

Complete Formula Three Euroseries record 
(key)

Complete DTM results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress.
Personal life 
Di Resta, who grew up in Uphall West Lothian. He is the cousin of fellow racing drivers Dario Franchitti and Marino Franchitti. In February 2010, di Resta was made a director of his family's leisure firm, which owns several establishments in West Lothian.

References

Other websites 

 Paul di Resta career statistics at Driver Database
 Official website 

1986 births
Living people
British Formula One drivers
Scottish racecar drivers
Formula One current
Sportspeople from West Lothian
Chippewa Falls is a city in west central Wisconsin near Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

Cities in Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
Decimius Magnus Ausonius (ca. 310–395) was a Latin poet and rhetorician, born at Burdigala (Bordeaux).

Biography
Ausonius was born in Bordeaux in ca. 310. His father was a noted physician of Greek ancestry.

Ausonius had a strict upbringing by his aunt and grandmother and received an excellent education, especially in grammar and rhetoric, but said his Greek was not good. Having completed his studies, he trained for some time as a lawyer, but he preferred teaching. In 334, he established a school of rhetoric in Bordeaux, which was very popular. His most famous pupil was St. Paulinus of Nola, who later became Bishop of Nola.

After thirty years of this work, he was ordered by Valentinian to the imperial court to teach Gratian, the heir-apparent. The prince greatly respected his tutor, and after his accession bestowed on him the highest titles and honours that any Roman (besides from the royal family) could attain, culminating in the consulate in 379.
After the murder of Gratian in 383, Ausonius retired to his estates near Burdigala (now Bordeaux) in Gaul. These supposedly included the land now owned by Château Ausone, which takes its name from him. He appears to have been a late and perhaps not very enthusiastic convert to Christianity. He died about 395.

References

Other websites

 Works by Ausonius at the Internet Archive
 Latin text of Mosella and the Septem Sententiae
 Ausonius' Opera Omnia: IntraText Digital Library
 Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina
 wiki text and translation of Moselle 

310s births
395 deaths
French poets
Writers from Bordeaux
Gaul
A triumvirate is a group of three men. A duumvirate is a group of two.

The word is often used to mention a historical event or in talks of government. The word troika is Russian for triumvirate, and the term was used in the Soviet Union after V.I. Lenin died. Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev teamed up to gain power of the government. In the Soviet Union, troikas were usually considered to be three main people in the government: Party leader, head of state, and head of government.

In Ancient Rome,  Julius Caesar was a member of the first triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. In 43 B.C.E. after he was dead, Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, and Octavian formed a second triumvirate to rule the Roman Empire.

Sources

Forms of government
In politics, the party leader is the most powerful official within a political party. The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public. As such, he or she b.v.will be the person in the party the most responsible for convincing the electorate to vote for the party.

In many representative democracies, party leaders compete directly for high political office. For example, leaders of parties in presidential and semi-presidential republics will often run for President. In parliamentary systems of government, party leaders typically seek to become prime minister. In these countries, the party leader will try to be elected to the legislature, and, if elected, to simultaneously serve as the party's parliamentary leader.

 

Government occupations
The constellation Antlia is a group of stars in the southern sky. Its name means "pump" and comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀντλία. It represents an air or vacuum pump. The stars that make Antlia are not bright or easy to see. The constellation was not created until the 18th century. Beginning at the north, the other constellations near Antlia are Hydra the sea snake, Pyxis the compass, Vela the sails, and Centaurus the centaur.

People who live in the northern parts of the world can see it in latitudes to 66 degrees north and people who live in the southern parts of the world can see it 50 degrees south from January through March.

References

Constellations
Boysetsfire is an American post-hardcore band from Newark, Delaware. Boysetsfire has five members in the band; the current band members are Nathan Gray, Chad Istvan, Robert Ehrenbrand, Josh Latshaw and Matt Krupanski.

Band members
Current
Nathan Gray – lead vocals, keyboard 
Josh Latshaw – guitar, backing vocals
Chad Istvan – guitar, backing vocals, piano, keyboard 
Robert Ehrenbrand – bass guitar, backing vocals
Matt Krupanski - drums 

Former
Rob Avery - Bass guitar
Darrell Hyde - Bass guitar

Discography
So far as of 2015, Boysetsfire has released 6 studio albums:

Albums
The Day the Sun Went Out (1997)
After the Eulogy (2000)
Tomorrow Come Today (2003)
The Misery Index: Notes from the Plague Years (2006)
While a Nation Sleeps... (2013)
Boysetsfire (2015)

Other websites
Official website
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Post-hardcore bands
Musicians from Delaware
Newark, Delaware
Musical groups established in 1994
1994 establishments in the United States
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
2007 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2010
2010 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Delaware
The University of Colorado Boulder (abbreviated "CU") is a public university in Boulder, Colorado. The university has about 30,196 students. It was founded in 1876.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Buffaloes. CU, a member of NCAA Division I, has 16 varsity teams—six for men and nine for women, plus a coeducational skiing team. Of these teams, all but skiing compete in the Pac-12 Conference, which CU joined in July 2011 after having been a founding member of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. Colorado will return to the Big 12 in July 2024. Because neither the Pac-12 nor the Big 12 runs a skiing league, that team is a member of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association.

Law school 
The Law School at University of Colorado, Boulder, is ranked #40 by U.S. News & World Report. This is for the 2016 rankings and is out of 196 law schools.

References

Other websites
The University of Colorado Boulder
Colorado Buffaloes
Association of American Universities
Pac-12 Conference
Colleges and universities in Colorado
Boulder, Colorado
1876 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Colorado
Battenberg cake is a light sponge cake. It is long, square faced cake, covered in marzipan.  

When cut in open one can see four more squares alternately coloured pink and yellow. These coloured sections are made by dyeing half of the cake mixture pink, and half yellow, then cutting each resultant sponge into two long, uniform cuboids, and joining them together with apricot jam, to form one cake. Established variations are for coconut flavouring to the sponge cake and lemon curd or raspberry jam in place of apricot jam.

The cake was probably named in honour of the marriage, in 1884, of Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Queen Victoria's granddaughter  to Prince Louis of Battenberg, with the four squares representing the four Battenberg princes: Louis, Alexander, Henry and Francis Joseph.

References

Other websites 

A recipe for Battenberg cake

Cakes
Murphy Brown is an American situation comedy. It aired beginning November 14, 1988 until May 18, 1998 and revived in 2018. on CBS. The show covered multiple subjects, including single parenting. Candice Bergen played the title character.

1988 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
2018 American television series debuts
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
1980s American sitcoms
1990s American sitcoms
2010s American sitcoms
Manuae is an uninhabited atoll in the southern group of the Cook Islands, 100 kilometres south-east of Aitutaki. It is administratively part of Aitutaki, but does not belong to any district or tapere of Aitutaki. It is, however, part of Arutanga-Reureu-Nikaupara Constituency.

Manuae is a true atoll sitting on the peak of a submerged volcano which descends 4000 meters to the ocean bed. It is made of two horseshoe-shaped islets, Manuae to the west and Te Au O Tu to the east, with a total area of 6.17 km²on either side of a lagoon about 7 km x 4 km. Manuae has an area of 2.1 km², and Te Au O TU of 3.9 km². The lagoon is 13 km² in size, shallow and subject to large shifting sand banks. A coral reef surrounds the atoll and there is no passage through the reef.

The island is a marine park and is an important breeding ground for seabirds and marine turtles in the Central Pacific. The offshore waters of Manuae are good fishing grounds.
Captain James Cook sighted Manuae on September 23 1773. It was the first of the Cook Islands he voyaged to. Initially he named it Sandwich Island but changed it to Hervey Island in honor of Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, then a Lord of the Admiralty when he decided instead give the name of "Sandwich Islands" to the Hawaiian Islands. This name was later corrupted to Hervey's Island, or Hervey's Isle, and later applied to the entire southern group, as the Hervey Islands.  This name remained popular until 1824 when the islands were renamed the Cook Islands by the Russian cartographer von Krusenstern, in honor of Capt. Cook who had died in 1779. 

In April/May 1965 the population briefly increased to 120 when the island was visited by six expeditions (from Australia, N.Z., Japan, U.K., U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.) to observe the total solar eclipse of 1965 May 30.

Norwegian author Erlend Loe writes humorously about an expedition to Manuae in his 1999 novel "L".
The island once supported a small copra industry with a settlement established next to the small reef passage less than one kilometer northeast of Turakino, the westernmost point of the atoll.  The passage, at the sea entrance, is less than 4 metres wide and in a swell is exceedingly dangerous without local knowledge.

The island has an airfield that has been out of use for several years.
Fishermen from Aitutaki occasionally organise trips to Manuae. All regulations applicable to Aitutaki, apply to Manuae as well.

The population peaked with 32 at the 1956 census, but twenty years later the island was abandoned:

1956: 32
1961: 18
1966: 16
1971: 2
1976: -

References 

Cook Islands
Atolls
The Lancia Thesis was a car produced by Lancia from 2002 to 2009. It is a large car with retro styling, similar to the Rover 75.

Engines 
 2.0 TB 136 kW (185 hp)
 2.4 125 kW (170 hp)
 3.0 V6 158 kW (215 hp)
 3.2 V6 169 kW (230 hp)
 2.4 JTD 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.4 Multijet 125 kW (170 hp) and 136 kW (185 hp)

Thesis
Front wheel drive vehicles
2000s automobiles
"Hold It Against Me" is a 2011 single by Britney Spears. The song comes from her seventh studio album Femme Fatale. The song was released on January 11, 2011 to positive reviews.

2011 songs
Britney Spears songs
Looting (also known as sacking, plundering, despoiling, despoliation, and pillaging) is to steal, especially as part of war, riot or other group violence. It may involve forcible robbery, but is not the same as robbery. Looting can result to damage of property and it is considered to be illegal and unethical 

Property crimes
Iowa State University of Science and Technology or as it is better known, Iowa State University is a public university in Ames, Iowa. The university has about 33,000 students. It was founded in 1858. The president of the university is Wendy Wintersteen. George Washington Carver was a student at Iowa State.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Cyclones. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.

Other websites
Iowa State University's Official website

Association of American Universities
Big 12 Conference
Colleges and universities in Iowa
1858 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Iowa
The University of Idaho is a public university in Moscow, Idaho. The university has about 11,957 students. It was founded in 1889. The current president of the university is M. Duane Nellis.

Sports
The athletic teams of the university are called the Vandals. They have 16 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Big Sky Conference. The only exception is the women's swimming & diving team. Because the Big Sky does not sponsor that sport, that team competes in the Western Athletic Conference.

Other websites
University of Idaho's Official website

Big Sky Conference
Colleges and universities in Idaho
1889 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Idaho Territory
San José State University is a public university in San Jose, California. The university, part of the California State University system, has about 31,280 students. It was founded in 1857. The current president of the university is Don W. Kassing. The university was originally called the Minns' Evening Normal School before the California legislature voted to change the school's name to San Jose State University in 1974.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Spartans. They have 12 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference.

References

Other websites
San José State University's Official website

California State University
Mountain West Conference
San Jose, California
1857 establishments in California
In boxing and other fighting, absorbing a blow is when one person is hit without being badly hurt or stopped from continuing the fight. Sometimes a boxer will absorb a blow they could have avoided so that they can counterattack straight afterwards.

Sources 
 Georges Blanchet, Boxe et sports de combat en éducation physique, Ed. Chiron, Paris, 1947
 Alain Delmas, 1. Lexique de la boxe et des autres boxes (Document fédéral de formation d’entraîneur), Aix-en-Provence, 1981-2005 - 2. Lexique de combatique (Document fédéral de formation d’entraîneur), Toulouse, 1975-1980.
 Jack Dempsey, Championship fighting, Ed. Jack Cuddy, 1950
 Gabrielle & Roland Habersetzer, Encyclopédie des arts martiaux de l'Extrême-Orient, Ed. Amphora, Paris, 2000
 Louis Lerda, J.C. Casteyre, Sachons boxer, Ed. Vigot, Paris, 1944
 Marcel Petit, Boxe: technique et entraînement, Paris, Ed. Amphora, Paris, 1972
Other websites 
  Antenna WKA-France - Lexicon of the boxes pieds-poings (Rubric "Formations", onglet "Ceinture noire")
  Lexicon of Netboxe.com  
  Practical folios of Netboxe.com  
  BoxRec Boxing Encyclopaedia

Martial art techniques
The economy of the USA grew quickly in the 1920s. This growth in the 1920s had a positive effect on the USA in later years. The country's main commercial rivals had been devastated by WWI which was fought almost entirely in Europe. Germany, Britain, France, and the Low Countries were all economically weakened.

Natural resources and a growing population 
The USA has many natural resources. For example, there is oil in Texas, coal in the Appalachian Mountains, and ranching in the Midwest and Great Plains. This meant there was no need to buy natural resources from other countries. Moreover the population of the USA was growing fast, so making a market for natural resources inside the USA.

Below is a table in which the population growth in millions is shown in the 40 years after the 1920s:

 Below is a table which shows the urban growth in the six largest cities by population, in 1870 and 1910:
The First World War 
During the First World War, the USA was selling metal to Britain and France, and also weapons. The USA made a lot of money from this. Also, the USA took over Europe's international trade and became the world leader in  manufacturing of chemical, explosives, and plastics. This was good for the US economy. However, the Spanish flu was worldwide, and affected all countries.

Spanish flu 
The Spanish flu pandemic lasted from 1918 to 1920. It killed between 17 million and 100 million people. Symptoms in 1918 were so unusual that initially influenza was misdiagnosed as dengue, cholera, or typhoid. One observer wrote "One of the most striking of the complications was haemorhage from mucous membranes, especially from the nose, stomach, and intestine". Most deaths were from bacterial pneumonia, a secondary infection caused by influenza. The virus also killed people directly. It caused hemorrhages and oedema in the lungs.
The Spanish flu pandemic was truly global, spreading even to the Arctic and remote Pacific islands. The unusually severe disease killed between 10 and 20% of those infected, as opposed to the more usual flu epidemic mortality rate of 0.1%.

Republican Party Policies
The Republican Party at the time had policies which were very useful for a large economic growth:

1. The Republicans had a 'laissez-faire' way of thinking, which meant that the government would not stand in the way of people's lives and businesses. The Republican Party believed that this would create much profit, and it did.

2. The Republicans made 'tariffs', which meant that it cost a lot of money to buy products from other countries. This protected American businessmen from foreign competition. This also made the American people buy American-made products.
3. The Republicans lowered taxes, which was good for normal people, and even better for rich people. The Republican Party believed that low taxes would make people keep their money and spend it on American-made products and put money into American industries.

4. The Republicans allowed 'trusts'. Trusts were very large corporations, or businesses, which controlled almost all of a certain industry. Many people did not like these trusts as they did not want one corporation to control an entire industry, but the Republican Party said that a corporation would do business better than a politician. These trusts were very important in causing this economic growth.

There were also problems with the policies. During the 1920s, much of the wealth in the United States was controlled by only a few people. Also, farmers and other people who worked in the business of farming found it very difficult to make money and were therefore very poor.
New industries, new methods 
There were new industries, and new ways of managing industries. For example, products such as telephones, radios, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and others were being made on a large scale, at an affordable price. Effective advertising was also invented for many products. 

One large industry in the 1920s was the motorcar industry. They was made on a production line, which was a relatively new idea at the time. The idea was first developed in the steel industry, and adopted by Henry Ford for his car industry. By the year 1929, 4.8 million cars had been made.
Hoover (vacuum cleaners) became a household name. The biggest growth was in radios.
In 1920, there were 60,000 radios sold. By 1929, it was 10 million. The 20s decade saw the large-scale development and use of automobiles, telephones, films, radio, and electrical appliances in the lives of millions in the United States. Most of Western Europe followed these events, but their economies were so damaged by WWI. It was many years (in effect, the 1960s and 70s) before ordinary people got telephones in their own homes.

The American way of life 

At the time, most Americans believed that they deserved success. For example; a nice house, a good job, plenty to eat, and many consumer goods. The act of 'consuming' was seen as very American, this had a huge impact on powering economic growth in the 1920s.

References 

 GCSE Modern World History Second Edition - Ben Walsh

1920s in the United States
Economy of the United States
The central nervous system is made of two types of tissue: white matter and grey matter. Grey matter contains nerve cell bodies, and white matter is made of the  nerve fibres. 

When a sample is freshly cut, it usually slightly pink in appearance (for both types). When preserved in formaldehyde, white matter appears to be almost white. White matter consists mostly of myelinated axons:. Myelin is a lipid tissue (a fat) with capillaries. It helps to keep the electrical in the nerve fibre. This is important for fast and accurate sending of signals. In the brain white matter is surrounded by grey matter most of the time. In the spine, white matter is outside, and grey matter inside: the myelin sourrounds the nerve cells, and helps the transmission of nerve signals.
White matter is used to connect different areas of grey matter. If a section of white matter is damaged, the brain may be able to find a different route to replace the lost connection. The brain contains a third kind of tissue, which appears darker. It is called substantia nigra, a part of the brain that is involved in pleasure & reward, addiction and movement. 

Anatomy of the nervous system
Animal tissues
Felicia Lily Dobson (born February 28, 1985) is a singer and songwriter from Canada. She has had several records, most notably her self titled debut album.

1985 births
Living people
Singers from Toronto
Achondroplasia is a form of Dwarfism. It is part of the chondrodystrophies or osteochondrodysplasias family which makes bones in a human's skeleton be too short or grow too slowly. It often affects the femur and humerus. It is caused by a dominant allele. That means only one parent has to have the gene. This gives a child a 50% chance of getting the condition. If both parents have the gene the chances are increased to 75%, but in 25% of the cases, it is very unlikely that the child would live more than a few months. However, the condition can also occur without either parent having the gene. Achondroplasia is caused by a change in the DNA for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. This change affects the making of cartilage. Now that the part of the DNA that causes the condition is known, there is hope that new treatments may be developed.

Genetic disorders
Growth disorders
Mason Jewett Field  is a public airport in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is one mile (1.85 km) southeast of Mason, in Ingham County.  The airport is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority.  The airport covers .  The elevation is  above sea level.  The airport has one asphalt runway.  There is no scheduled commercial airline service.

History
On December 16, 1943, Arthur Jewett bought  of land for the airport.  In 1944, the runway was built.  In 1949 lights were installed on the runway.  In March 1977, the Capital Region Airport Authority purchased the airport from Arthur Jewett.

Related pages

 Mason, Michigan
 Capital Region International Airport

References
Notes

Bibliography

Smith, Bartlett. Mason Jewett Airport , Experimental Aircraft Association Chapter 55 Wingtips, eaa55.org, March 2001, retrieved 2010-Apr-22

Other websites
 Mason Jewett Field , official site

Airports in the United States
Transport in Michigan
Buildings and structures in Michigan
Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Melanie Griffith as a Staten Island-raised secretary working in a New York City bank. Also starring are Harrison Ford, Alec Baldwin, and Sigourney Weaver.

Other websites 

1988 comedy-drama movies
1988 romantic comedy movies
1988 romantic drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
1980s English-language movies
Manhattan in fiction
Movies directed by Mike Nichols
Movies set in New York City
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Office comedies
State capitalism is an economic system where the state government controls most or all steps of making a product. Capitalism is an economic system calling for the private ownership of factories and everything needed to make a product - called the "means of production". 

In Free-market capitalism, "private ownership" means that one, or a few, private owners who own a business have control over the means of production, even though the workers are the people who make the products. 

Capitalism
Patrick Vaughn Stump (born Patrick Martin Stump on April 27th, 1984) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist and composer of the American rock band Fall Out Boy. With the band he achieved widespread popularity and success. On January 2010 he announced he was working on a solo album after his band took a break in late 2009. He released his first solo song "Spotlight (song)" in two versions, "Spotlight (Oh Nostalgia)" and "Spotlight (New Regrets)" on November 29, 2010. On February 22, 2011, he released his first EP, Truant Wave. He released his debut album called Soul Punk on October 18, 2011, of which he wrote every song, played every note, self-produced, and funded by himself. 

On May 6, 2011 he leaked a track off his album Soul Punk called "Explode", uploading it to his YouTube channel. On July 26, 2011 he released the first single "This City" featuring Lupe Fiasco on iTunes.
Fall Out Boy
Fall Out Boy formed in 2001. They released their mini-album Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend in 2003 and Take This to Your Grave in the same year.
In 2003, Stump and his band mates went on to sign with Island Records, and released the acoustic-based EP My Heart Will Always Be the B-Side to My Tongue CD and DVD in 2004. This was followed with their third studio album, From Under the Cork Tree, which went double-platinum in 2005 and reached the top ten of the US chart, going on to sell over three million copies around the world. Their fourth studio album, Infinity on High, was released in 2007 to continued commercial success. It started at number one on the US music album chart and in the top five around the world. Fall Out Boy's most recent album, Folie à Deux, was released on December 23 and 16, 2008 in the United States/worldwide, respectively.
On February 6, 2010, E! Online reported that bassist Pete Wentz had told them "We're just on a break," and that he is more focused on being a father right now than he is on Fall Out Boy. Pete lastly added, "...I think I'll be OK. It's too soon to say that we'll be back. We just got burned out."

Discography

Studio albums
 Soul Punk (2011)

Extended plays
 Truant Wave (2011)

Singles
 "This City" (2011)

1984 births
Living people
American guitarists
American punk musicians
American funk singers
American rock musicians
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
American funk musicians
Musicians from Evanston, Illinois
Singers from Evanston, Illinois
Multi-instrumentalists
Maureen O'Hara (17 August 1920 – 24 October 2015) was an Irish-American actress and singer. She was born in Ranelagh, Dublin and was a naturalised American citizen. She starred in many movies. She is noted for usually playing fiercely passionate heroines in her movies.

O'Hara died in her sleep at her home in Boise, Idaho at the age of 95. She was buried next to her husband at Arlington National Cemetery.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Dublin
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish television actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Singers from Dublin
1920 births
2015 deaths
Soul Punk is the first studio album by American musician Patrick Stump. The album was released on October 18, 2011. Stump's solo project was officially revealed in January 2010 and was later titled Soul Punk. It is the first major musical project undertaken by Stump since Fall Out Boy's hiatus. The album is scheduled for release on October 18, 2011 through Island, with Stump officially announcing the release on July 25 via Twitter and the internet. The track "Explode" from the album was leaked on May 6, 2011 for promotion purposes.

The album's first single "This City" was released on July 26, 2011. The music video for the single will be released on September 20, 2011. The track features rapper Lupe Fiasco.

Track listing

2011 albums
Debut albums
Pop albums
"Porcelain" is a song by American electronica musician Moby. It is the third track from his album Play. It was the sixth single from that album. The song was released on June 12, 2000 in the UK. It reached number 5 in the UK charts. This is Moby's highest chart position there so far. The song was released in the U.S. two months later, on August 22. It was in the 1998 movie Playing by Heart before it was released in the U.S.  It was also on the soundtrack to the 2000 movie The Beach.

Chart positions 

(I): In Australia, the song was released as an A-side with "Honey".

References 

2000 songs
Moby songs
Kenneth Winston "Ken" Starr (July 21, 1946 – September 13, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a federal U.S. Court of Appeals Judge and a Solicitor General. He was Independent Counsel (which was a special office that investigated government officials) while Bill Clinton was the President of the United States for the Whitewater controversy. He was the United States Solicitor General during the George H. W. Bush administration from 1989 to 1993.

Starr filed the Starr Report, which accused President Clinton of lying in court about having an affair with an intern at the White House.

Starr died at a hospital in Houston, Texas on September 13, 2022 from problems caused by surgery, aged 76.

References

Other websites
The Starr Report 

United States Solicitors General
American judges
1946 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from Texas
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Texas
Deaths from surgical complications
Norman Anthony Smiley (born February 28, 1965 in Northampton, England) is an English professional wrestler who is best known for the ring names, Norman Smiley and for wrestling for WCW. Smiley is currently working as a trainer and an on–air authority figure for Florida Championship Wrestling and WWE.

Smiley was the WCW Hardcore Champion two times during his career.

References

1965 births
Living people
Black British sportspeople
English professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Northampton
Linda Diane Brown (born January 29, 1947) Is an American biologist. She is most well known for the work she has done to research the olfactory system.

Life 
She changed her name to Linda Brown Buck after getting married to Roger Brent. She studied psychology and microbiology at the University of Washington in Seattle, graduating in 1975. Buck received her Ph.D. in immunology from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in 1980. She researched more at Columbia after her studies in doctoral research . There, she met Richard Axel. They worked together from 1984 to 1991, when Buck left New York for a teaching job. They researched primarily on the genetic and cellular mechanisms relating to an organism’s sense of smell. When she left New York, Buck worked at Harvard until 2002. She then joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Career 
In 2004, Buck won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for her research on the sense of smell. She shared her Nobel Prize with Richard Axel. The two scientists made many new discoveries about Genetic and cellular Mechanisms responsible of the sense of smell in human beings and other organisms. In a series of experiments Buck (working independently from Axel) discovered how people separate different smells in their nose. She learned that people detect smells from odor in the air. Odors are released through many different substances. These molecules stimulate olfactory response cells in the nose. They send signals to the brain. Buck discovered that there are 350 smell receptors in the nose.

References

1947 births
Living people
Scientists from Seattle
American Nobel Prize winners
American biologists