Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Maracaibo is a city in northwestern Venezuela. It is the second-largest city in the country and the capital of Zulia State. The population of the city is approximately 1,495,200  with the metropolitan area at 2,108,404 as of 2010.
Maracaibo is nicknamed La Tierra del Sol Amada ("The Beloved Land of the Sun").

References 

Cities in Venezuela
Capitals of Venezuelan states
1529 establishments
16th-century establishments in Venezuela
Zulia
Ricardo Montaner (born Héctor Eduardo Reglero Montaner on September 8, 1957) is an Argentine-born Venezuelan singer and songwriter. He has released more than 15 albums with numerous successful singles. He has sold over 22 million record worldwide.

Discography
 Cada Día (1983)
 Ricardo Montaner (1987)
 Ricardo Montaner, Vol. 2 (1988)
 Un Toque de Misterio (1990)
 En El Último Lugar del Mundo (1991)
 Los Hijos del Sol (1992)
 Una Mañana y Un Camino (1994)
 Viene del Alma (1995)
 Es Así (1997)
 Con la London Metropolitan Orchestra (1999)
 Sueño Repetido (2001)
 Suma (2002)
 Prohibido Olvidar (2003)
 Con la London Metropolitan Orchestra, Vol. 2 (2004)
 Todo y Nada (2005)
 Las Mejores Canciones del Mundo (2007)
 Las Mejores Canciones, Vol. 2 (2007)
 Las Cosas Son Como Son (2009)
 Soy Feliz (2010)
 Viajero Frecuente (2012)

Filmography
 Los Reyes (Himself), 2005
 La Voz Colombia (Coach), 2012

Other websites
 

1957 births
Living people
Venezuelan singers
Yaracuy () is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.

Municipalities and municipal seats 

Yaracuy is divided into fourteen municipalities:

The state capital is San Felipe de Yaracuy. Other important towns are Aroa, Chivacoa, Cocorote, Marín, Nirgua, Sabana de Parra, Yaritagua, and Urachiche.

Yaracuy State covers a total surface area of 7,100 km². Population: 597,700 inhabitants (2007 est).

States of Venezuela
Apure () is one of the 23 states (estados) of Venezuela. The state capital is San Fernando de Apure.

Municipalities and municipal seats 
 Achaguas (Achaguas)
 Biruaca (Biruaca)
 Muñoz (Bruzual)
 Páez (Guasdualito)
 Pedro Camejo (San Juan de Payara)
 Rómulo Gallegos (Elorza)
 San Fernando (San Fernando de Apure)

Other websites
Rebecca Towne Nurse (13 February 1621 – July 19, 1692) was a pious 71-year-old grandmother when she was hanged as a witch in Salem Village on July 19, 1692. Her death was the turning point in the Salem Witch Trials. People started to doubt the truthfulness of the girls said to be afflicted and tormented by those arrested and tried for witchcraft.

Life

Nurse was born in Great Yarmouth, England in 1621. In 1644, her family settled in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts). About 1644, she married Francis Nurse, a tray-maker. The couple were highly esteemed in the colony because few could work wood into trays, cups, mugs, dishes and other useful objects. They had eight children.
The Nurses and the Putnams of Salem had several disputes over land. On March 23, 1692, a warrant was issued for Rebecca's arrest on suspicion of witchcraft. The Putnams were behind the arrest. Many villagers were angry that she had been accused of witchcraft. She was 70 years old and known to be a very pious woman. 

Her trial began on June 30, 1692. Many testified to her good character. The afflicted girls of the community however testified that she was tormenting them. She was found not guilty of witchcraft. Some wanted her found guilty and urged the judges to reconsider their verdict. They did, and she was found guilty.

She was hanged. Her body was buried near the gallows with others who were hanged for witchcraft. In the night, her relatives dug  up her body. They buried it on the family homestead. This homestead is now a landmark. Nurse is a character in Arthur Miller's The Crucible.

References
References 

1621 births
1692 deaths
Executed American people
People executed for witchcraft
People from Massachusetts
Salem Witch Trials
A food court, also called a food hall, is an area inside of a building which has a number of different restaurants and snack bars located around a single area where people sit at. Food courts may be found in shopping malls, airports, and parks. They may also be found in high schools and universities, where they replace or are additions to normal cafeterias.

References

Restaurants
Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment (also called Buena Vista Home Entertainment) is the division of The Walt Disney Company that distributes videos of movies to be played in the home. Disney began distributing videos under its own label in 1978 under the name Walt Disney Home Video.

The company distributes DVDs and Blu-ray discs under the labels Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, Touchstone Home Entertainment, and Hollywood Pictures Home Entertainment.

It releases its Disney-branded movies under the brand name Disney DVD. Disney began releasing titles on DVD in 1997, although they were not released in this format in the UK until 2000. They stopped released videos in VHS format in 2006. They began releasing movies on Blu-ray disc in the same year, under the brand name Disney Blu-ray.
Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection 
The Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection is a line of videos and DVDs released by The Walt Disney Company which ran from 2000 to 2001. The collection released before it was the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. All titles released were released in both VHS and DVD except for Toy Story, which was released on VHS only. It was also the only title in the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection to have the Walt Disney Company intro.

Similar later releases

Similar later releases II

2-Movie Pack

2-Movie Collection

DVD release

DVD Packaging release

Blu-ray release

3-Movie Collection

DVD release

DVD Packaging release

Blu-ray release

DVD releases

Blu-ray releases

Blu-ray 3Ds releases

4K Ultra HD Blu-ray releases

Related pages
 List of Disney theatrical animated features

References

Other websites
 Disney DVD 
 
 
 

1980 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California
Disney companies
This is a list of North American telephone area codes in effect for the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). The area to which an area code is officially assigned is known as a Numbering Plan Area (NPA).

An area code is part of a telephone number in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. It is the part of the telephone number after the county code. For example, in the number 1-562-555-5555, the 1 is the country code (for the United States), and 562 is the area code. An area code is typically assigned to a state, city or region.

United States
The following is a list of area codes in the United States, with some of the major cities that use that area code. Sometimes two or three codes are assigned to the same area.

Canada
The following is a list of area codes in Canada, with the major cities that use that area code. In Canada, some provinces share area codes. Sometimes two or three codes are assigned to the same area.

Caribbean and Bermuda

U.S. Pacific Territories

NANP non-geographic

References
References

Other websites
 List of area codes in Canada  - Accessed April 13, 2013

Telephone numbers in Canada
Telephone numbers in the United States
Canada-related lists
United States-related lists
North American Numbering Plan
So Random! is an American television series on the Disney Channel created by Steve Marmel. It is a musical sketch comedy that first began on June 5, 2011. It was announced as an independent series after Demi Lovato left the parent series, Sonny with a Chance. The series features the actors who acted in Sonny with a Chance, except for Lovato: Tiffany Thornton, Sterling Knight, Brandon Mychal Smith, Doug Brochu, and Allisyn Ashley Arm along with other featured actors who recur in the series. The series premiere was watched by 4.1 million viewers. The series only went for one season.

Cast

Main cast
All of the main cast of So Random! came from its parent series, Sonny with a Chance. 
 Tiffany Thornton as Tawni Hart
 Sterling Knight as Chad Dylan Cooper
 Brandon Mychal Smith as Nico Harris
 Doug Brochu as Grady Mitchell
 Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora Lancaster
Recurring characters
 Matthew Scott Montgomery as Matthew Bailey
 Shayne Topp as Shayne Zabo
 Damien Haas as Damien Johanssen
 Bridget Shergalis as Bridget Cook
 Audrey Whitby as Audrey Vale
 Coco Jones as Coco Blue
 Grace Bannon as Grace Wetzel

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2010s American television series
2011 American television series debuts
2010s American comedy television series
Television spin-offs
Television series by Disney
Pages created with the Article Wizard
2012 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Cwichelm (died circa 636) was the King of the Gewisse, although more commonly called the King of Wessex.  He reigned from 626 until his death. He was a pagan king who became a Christian shortly before his death.

King in Wessex
Cwichelm was the son of Cynegils, King of Wessex. He ruled jointly with his father. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 614 says Cynegils and Cwichelm fought at a place named Beandun, which cannot be identified. The account went on to say they slew two thousand sixty-five Welsh. Another chronicle entry for 627 (corrected to 626) states an Eomer was sent by "Cwichelm, king of the West Saxons, thinking to stab king Eadwine". It goes on to say Eomer stabbed his thane, Lilla, and a Forthere but only wounding the king. The plot to kill the Northumbrian king failed and the following year Eadwine (Edwin) sent an army to punish Wessex.  The next mention of Cwichelm in the chronicle is for the year 628. It states that Cyngils, king of Wessex, and Cwichelm his son 'fought with Penda at Cirencester and came to an agreement with him there'. The agreement seems to have been to give Cirencester to Penda. In 634 Pope Honorius I sent Bishop Birinus to England
. When he reached the territory of the Gewisse (Wessex) he found them almost completely pagan. He began to convert the West Saxons to Christianity. In 635 Cynegils was baptized and King Oswald of Northumbria stood as his Godfather. In 636 Cwichelm was baptised at Dorchester. He died later in the same year (636). Although he died before his father, both were succeeded by his brother Cenwalh in 643.
Family 

Cwichelm had a son:

 Cuthred († 685), king in Wessex

Notes

References 

Year of birth unknown
630s deaths
Kings of Wessex
A file hosting service is an Internet service that stores files for its users. It allows users to upload files that could then be accessed over the internet from a different computer, tablet, smart phone or other networked device, after a password is provided. The files can possibly also be accessed by other users, depending on the service or what the user prefers.

A variation of this is one-click hosting, which allows users to easily upload one or more files from their hard drives (or from a remote location) on to the one-click host's server. Many web services provide free one-click hosting for image files.  This gives the file an accessible URL that can be used to identify it on the internet.

Related pages 
 File sharing

References 

Internet
File sharing
Story
The series takes place in a world plagued by Shocker, a mysterious worldwide Terrorism organization formed by remaining member of the Nazi Party. To further its plans for Hegemony, Shocker recruited its agent through kidnapping, turning their victims into mutant Cyborg and, ultimately, Mind control them. However, one victim named Takeshi Hongo escaped just before the final brainwashing. With his sanity and moral conscience intact, Takeshi battle Shocker's minions as the grasshopper-themed cyborg superhero Kamen Rider. Another victim of the cyborg process, freelance photographer Hayato Ichimonji, became Kamen Rider 2 after Kamen Rider, who eventually renamed himself as "Kamen Rider 1", saved him from Shocker's brainwashing. Assisted by motorcycle race team manager Tobei Tachibana and FBI agent Kazuya Taki, the Kamen Riders fought in both solo and partnered missions against Shocker and its replacement organization, Gelshocker.
Cast
 Takeshi Hongo: Hiroshi Fujioka
 Hayato Ichimonji: Takeshi Sasaki
 Kazuya Taki: Jirō Chiba
 Tobei Tachibana: Akiji Kobayashi
 Ruriko Midorikawa: Chieko Maki
 Hiromi Nohara: Yoko Shimada
 Shiro: Jo Honda
 Yuri: Wakaki Oki
 Mari: Linda Yamamoto
 Michi: Katsumi Nakajima
 Goro Ishikura: Yasuharu Miura
 Emi: Emily Takami
 Mika: Yoko Sugibayashi
 Tokko: Machiko Nakajima
 Naoki: Tomonori Yazaki
 Mitsuru: Yoshikazu Yamada
 Yokko: Yoshida Nakada
 Choko: Mimy
 Narration: Shinji Kanae

Staff
 Creator: Shotaro Ishinomori
 Scriptwriters: Masaru Igami, Shinichi Ichikawa, Masayuki Shimada, Mari Takizawa, Hisashi Yamazaki, Takao Nagaishi, Masahiro Tsukada, Ikurō Suzuki, Takeo Ōno, Fumio Ishimori, Kimiyuki Hasegawa, Kimio Hirayama, Minoru Yamada, Gorō Oketani, Shotaro Ishinomori
 Directors: Kōichi Takemoto, Itaru Ohita, Hidetoshi Kitamura, Minoru Yamada, Issaku Uchida, Katsuhiko Taguchi, Masahiro Tsukada, Shotaro Ishinomori, Atsuo Okunaka
 Composer: Shunsuke Kikuchi
Songs
 Opening themes
 "Let's Go! Rider Kick"
 Lyrics: Shotaro Ishinomori
 Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 Artist: Hiroshi Fujioka/Koichi Fuji, Male Harmony
 Episodes: 1 - 13 (Fujioka), 14 - 88 (Fuji)
 "Rider Action"
 Lyrics: Shotaro Ishinomori
 Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 Artist: Masato Shimon
 Episodes: 89 – 98
 Ending themes
 "Kamen Rider no Uta" ("The Song of Kamen Rider")
 Lyrics: Saburō Yatsude
 Composition & Arrangment: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 Artist: Koichi Fuji, Male Harmony
 Episodes: 1 – 71
 "Rider Action"
 Lyrics: Shotaro Ishinomori
 Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 Artist: Masato Shimon
 Episodes: 72 – 88
 "Lonely Kamen Rdier"
 Lyrics: Mamoru Tanaka
 Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 Artist: Masato Shimon
 Episodes: 89 – 98
Legacy
The Kamen Rider original series famously spearheaded launched the "Second Kaiju Boom" or "Henshin Boom" on Japanese television in the early 1970s, greatly impacting the superhero and action-adventure genre in Japan. The famous "henshin sequence", in which the title hero performs ritualistic poses and shouting a keyword to transform into his superhero form has since before a staple in Japanese pop-culture, inspiring superheroes and magical girl genres. Kamen Rider went to later produce a great number of spin-offs which remain in production today. Several Kamen Rider series were aired in Japan after the first Kamen Rider finished. After Kamen Rider Black RX ended production in 1989, the series was put on hold.
There were three movies released as the 1990's "Movie Riders", which were Shin Kamen Rider: Prologue, Kamen Rider ZO and Kamen Rider J. After the original creator Shōtarō Ishinomori's death, the Kamen Rider franchise had continued in 2000 with Kamen Rider Kuuga. As of 2021, thirty-two Kamen Rider series have been made, with the newest bring Kamen Rider Revice which in premiered September 2021.

As of 2005, a remake of the Kamen Rider series was made and reimagined with Kamen Rider The First and continued with Kamen Rider The Next released in 2007.

As of 2021, stating from Kamen Rider: Beyond Generations, Hiroshi Fujioka's son, Maito will portray Takeshi Hongo's younger-self.

Other websites
Website at Igadevil

Japanese science fiction television series
Science fiction television series
1971 establishments in Asia
1971 television series debuts
1973 television series endings
1970s establishments in Japan
Teen television series
Holywell Green is a small village in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It is the name given to the east side of Stainland. There are also several hamlets in the surrounding area, such as Jagger Green and Old Lindley.

References

Other websites

Villages in West Yorkshire
Hamlets in England
Saline may refer to:

 Salinity, the salt content of a solution
 Saline water, water containing a high amount of salts
 Soil salinity, salt content of soil
 Saline (medicine), a liquid with salt content to match the human body
Pihtipudas is a municipality in Finland. In August 2013, 4,386 people lived there. It is in Central Finland. It is next to the municipalities of Haapajärvi, Keitele, Kinnula, Pielavesi, Pyhäjärvi, Reisjärvi and Viitasaari. It contains the villages of Alvajärvi, Elämäjärvi, Ilosjoki, Korppinen, Kärväskylä, Muurasjärvi, Pihtipudas, Peninki, Rönny, Saani, Kojola and Seläntaus. The largest lakes nearby are Kolima, Alvajärvi and Muurasjärvi.

Other websites

 Municipal website

Municipalities of Central Finland
Red River Parish () is a rural parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its parish seat and most populous municipality is Coushatta. It was created in 1871 by the state government. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,620.

Communities

Town 

 Coushatta (parish seat and largest municipality)

Villages 

 Edgefield (smallest municipality)
 Hall Summit
 Martin

Unincorporated communities 

 Crichton
 East Point
 Fairview Alpha
 Grand Bayou
 Hanna
 Harmon
 Lake End

References

 
1871 establishments in Louisiana
Ark-La-Tex
Coronary artery bypass surgery is a type of surgery that relieves chest pain, caused by lack of blood flow, and reduces the risk of death from heart disease. It is also known as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG, pronounced "cabbage") surgery, and known by doctors as heart bypass or bypass surgery. In this surgery, blood vessels from elsewhere in the patient's body are added to the heart vessels to go around blood vessels blocked by fat and get more blood into the heart so it can keep running. This surgery usually happens with the heart stopped, which makes machines that act as lungs and heart needed. However, it is possible to have the surgery with the heart still pumping, called "off-pump" surgery. 

Surgery
Puck is a character in a play called A Midsummer Night's Dream. This play was written by William Shakespeare. In this play, Puck is a servant to the Fairy King, Oberon. Puck has some amazing abilities. For example, he can travel around the world in 40 minutes. In spite of his abilities, Puck makes a few mistakes in the play that create confusion for the other characters. For example, he puts a love potion into the wrong person's eyes. He also plays tricks. He puts a donkey's head on one character. 

Puck was not Shakespeare's invention. He was a character in folklore called 'pouke'. He was known as early as 1000 AD. He was an evil, dangerous demon. By the time of Geoffrey Chaucer, he had become linked with the Biblical devil. By Shakespeare's day, he was known as Puck, Robin Goodfellow, and Hobgoblin. He was a goblin who made mischief.
By the time of Shakespeare and other Elizabethan poets, Puck had become a combination of English folklore and English country life. Shakespeare writes that Puck would frighten the village girls, ruin the butter, and lead travelers in the night the wrong way. Mickey Rooney played Puck in a 1935 movie adaptation of Shakespeare's play. 

Shakespeare used a description of Puck from Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft (1584). Scot describes Puck with disapproval. He points out that people no longer believe in him. Scot also tells of a man whose head was replaced with the head of a donkey.

References

Fairies
Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Shylock is a key character and the antagonist in Shakespeare's 1596 or 1597 play The Merchant of Venice. He is a Jewish moneylender.

Shylock agrees to a bond with Antonio, the merchant of Venice. This bond requires Antonio to give a pound of his flesh next his heart should the money not be repaid on a certain date. When Antonio fails, Shylock goes to court to get the pound of flesh. Antonio had previously insulted and spat on him in the Rialto (the commercial centre of Venice). This helps to explain why Shylock demanded his pound of flesh.

Meanwhile, Shylock's daughter Jessica falls in love with Antonio's friend Lorenzo and converts to Christianity. This adds to Shylock's rage.

Shylock fails in court, and Antonio is released. Shylock is charged with attempted murder. Shylock is then forced to give half of his properties to the country and the other half to Antonio and to convert to Christianity.
Shylock has a famous speech beginning "Hath not a Jew eyes?" Famous actors who have played Shylock include Laurence Olivier.

In Shakespeare's time, no Jews had been legally present in England for several hundred years (since Edward I's Edict of Expulsion in 1290). But the idea of Jews as money lenders remained from the Middle Ages. Historically, money lending had been a fairly common occupation among Jews, perhaps because Christians were not allowed to practise usury.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Chico Albuquerque (25 April 1917 – 26 December 2000) was a Brazilian photographer. He was born in Fortaleza.

His parents were also photographers. He became specialized in portraits. In 1948, he was the first Brazilian photographer to produce an advertisement campaign for J. W. Thompson agency. Until then, advertisement in Brazil used just drawings and illustrations. His work was exhibited worldwide and received awards in Frankfurt, Turim and Buenos Aires.

On 26 December 2000, Chico Albuquerque suffered a stroke and died.

Awards 
 1950 - 1st Place. Golden Medal, Foto Cine Brasileiro – Rio de Janeiro.
 1951 - 10o. Salão Fotográfico Internacional de São Paulo (São Paulo International Photography Fair) - Bronze Medal.
 1953 - Frankfurt International - Golden Medal - Portraits.
 1953 - 6o. Salão Internacional de Fotografias de San Sebastian. Silver Medal - Spain.
 1958 - Troféu da Escola de Propaganda de São Paulo.
 1998 - Prêmio Nacional de Fotografia. Funarte – Rio de Janeiro.
Exhibitions 
 2013 - A São Paulo de Chico Albuquerque, Espaço Itaú de Cinema Frei Caneca, São Paulo, SP.
 2013 - O Estúdio Fotográfico Chico Albuquerque, MIS, São Paulo, SP.

Other websites 
 Instituto Chico Albuquerque 

1917 births
2000 deaths
Brazilian photographers
Deaths from stroke
People from Fortaleza
Nicolas Poussin (, , ; June 1594 – 19 November 1665) was a French painter. He painted scenes from Ovid and from the Bible.

Related pages
Neoclassicism

References

Other websites
Met Museum

1594 births
1665 deaths
French painters
Yeongwol County (Yeongwol-gun) is a county in Gangwon Province, South Korea.

It is well known as the place where King Danjong, the sixth king of Joseon Dynasty, was exiled to, when he was forced to abdicate by his uncle, who became Sejo of Joseon. It is also where he is buried after he was murdered in 1457, because he was perceived to be a continuing threat to the rule of his uncle.

It is also where Joseon Dynasty poet Kim Sat-gat is buried.

Tourism 
A tourist attraction in this area is the Yeongwol Insectarium (), a private insect museum. It has a collection featuring a large quantity of insects from Korea and all around the world. It was founded by Professor  Lee Dae-Am who is professional architect and an amateur entomologist, and was opened May 5, 2002. The building had been a school unti Lee Dae-Am turned it into the insectarium.
The aim of the museum is to create interest in insects, and to educate people on the importance of bugs to the world ecological systems. The Yeongwol insectarium has been recognized as one of the best visitor attractions.

It displays both living and dead insect collections, from butterflies to bees, dragonflies to grasshoppers. The insect displays are divided by three sections in the Exhibition Room. The display includes such specialities as Korean endangered species like the Baby-Dragonfly, the smallest dragonflies in the world, and the biggest and worldly rare beetle.

References

Other websites
 Yeongwol County tourism office home page 

Counties
Subdivisions of South Korea
The Lord Provost of Dundee is the chairman of the local authority of Dundee in Scotland. They are elected by the city council and serve not only as the chair of that body, but as a figurehead and Lord Lieutenant for the city. They are equivalent in many ways to the role of mayor that exists in other countries.

Each of the 32 Scottish local authorities elects a Provost. Only the four largest cities (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee) that have a Lord Provost. The current Lord Provost of Dundee is Robert James "Bob" Duncan (born 1946). Duncan took office on 21 May 2012.

The Mediaeval burgh of Dundee was administered by officials known as "Bailies", Provosts and the office of "Constable of Dundee". The office of Provost as the single chief official of the burgh was not created until the 1480s.

List of Provosts and Lord Provosts
As Provost
 1482: David Rollok
 1483: Robert Graham of Fintry
 1483 – 1484: David Aberkirdor
 1485 – 1492: James Rollok
 1492 – 1497: James Scrymgeour, (Constable of Dundee)
 1497 – 1498: Robert Graham of Fintry
 1504 – 1509: James Rollok
 1509 – 1513: Alexander Ogilvie
 1513: Lord Gray
 1513: Andrew Abercrombie
 1513 – 1514: Earl of Crauford
 1514 – 1516: James Rollok
 1516 – 1520: James Scrymgeour, (Constable of Dundee)
 1520 – 1523: Alexander Ogilvie
 1523 – 1525: William Carmichael of Carpow
 1526 – 1528: John Scrymgeour of Glaister
 1528 – 1530: James Scrymgeour, (Constable of Dundee)
 1531 – 1532: John Barrie
 1543 – 1544: Walter Scrymgeour of Glaswell
 1544 – 1545: Robert Myln
 1550: James Dog of Dunrobbene
 1551 – 1565: James Halyburton
 1565 – 1566: Earl of Crauford
 1566 – 1586: James Halyburton
 1586 – 1590: James Scrymgeour of Dudhope
 1590 – 1592: James Forrester
 1592 – 1593: James Auchinlek
 1593 – 1609: Sir James Scrymgeour
 1609 – 1614: William Duncan
 1614 – 1626: William Auchinlek
1626 – 1631: Thomas Halyburton
 1631 – 1633: Thomas Auchinlek
 1633 – 1637: Thomas Davidson
 1637 – 1643: James Fletcher
 1643 – 1646: James Piersoun
 1646 – 1650: William Kinneris (Kinnear)
 1650 – 1658: Thomas Mudy
 1658 – 1659: Sir Thomas Mudy
 1659 – 1666: Alexander Wedderburn
 1666 – 1667: George Fletcher
 1667 – 1669: George Brown
 1669 – 1670: John Tarbet
 1670 – 1672: Alexander Watson
 1672 – 1677: George Brown
 1677 – 1681: Alexander Wedderburn of Easter Powrie
 1681 – 1685: Alexander Duncan
 1685 – 1686: James Fletcher
 1686: Election of Provosts not allowed by King James VII
 1686 – 1687: Major General John Graham of Claverhouse
 1687 – 1688: James Fletcher
 1688 – 1689: Major General John Graham of Claverhouse
 1689 – 1698: James Fletcher
 1698 – 1700: Alexander Blair
 1700 – 1702: John Scrymgeour
 1702 – 1704: John Duncan
 1704 – 1706: Alexander Blair
 1706 – 1708: George Yeaman
 1708 – 1710: Alexander Blair
 1710 – 1712: George Yeaman
 1712 – 1714: Magister Henry Guthrie
1714 – 1716: Alexander Ballingall
 1716 – 1717: John Scrymgeour
 1717 – 1719: Magister Alexander Duncan of Lundie
 1719 – 1721: John Scrymgeour
 1721 – 1723: Thomas Bower
 1723 – 1725: David Maxwell
 1725 – 1727: George Ramsay
 1727 – 1728: Alexander Ferrier
 1728 – 1731: James Fairweather
 1731 – 1732: Alexander Robertson
 1732 – 1735: James Fairweather
 1735 – 1736: Patrick Maxwell
 1736 – 1738: Andrew Wardropper
 1738 – 1741: John Donaldson
 1741 – 1742: Alexander Robertson
 1742 – 1744: Patrick Yeaman of Blacklaw
 1744 – 1747: Alexander Duncan of Lundie
 1747 – 1748: Patrick Yeaman of Blacklaw
 1748 – 1750: George Yeaman of Balbeuchly
 1750 – 1753: Patrick Yeaman of Blacklaw
 1753 – 1754: Andrew Wardropper
 1754 – 1757: Patrick Yeaman
 1757 – 1758: Andrew Wardropper
 1758 – 1761: George Yeaman
 1761 – 1762: Patrick Yeaman
 1762 – 1764: John Halyburton
 1764 – 1766: John Barclay
 1766 – 1768: Patrick Maxwell
 1768 – 1770: George Maxwell
 1770 – 1772: Patrick Maxwell
 1772 – 1774: Henry Geekie
1774 – 1776: Patrick Maxwell
 1776 – 1778: George Maxwell of Balmyle
 1778 – 1780: Henry Geekie
 1780 – 1782: Patrick Maxwell
 1782 – 1784: John Pitcairn
 1784 – 1786: Patrick Maxwell
 1786 – 1788: John Pitcairn
 1788 – 1790: Alexander Riddoch
 1790 – 1792: James Johnston
 1792 – 1794: Alexander Riddoch
 1794 – 1796: Alexander Thoms
 1796 – 1798: Alexander Riddoch
 1798 – 1800: Alexander Thoms
 1800 – 1802: Alexander Riddoch
 1802 – 1804: John Guild
 1804 – 1807: Alexander Riddoch
 1807 – 1808: John Guild
 1808 – 1810: Alexander Riddoch
 1810 – 1812: John Guild
 1812 – 1814: Alexander Riddoch
 1814 – 1816: John Guild
 1816 – 1818: Alexander Riddoch
 1818 – 1820: Patrick Anderson
 1820 – 1822: David Brown
 1822 – 1824: Patrick Anderson
 1824 – 1826: David Brown
 1826 – 1828: Alexander Balfour
 1828 – 1830: Thomas Bell
 1831: Robert Jobson
 1831 – 1833: William Lindsay
 1833 – 1839: Alexander Kay
 1839 – 1841: William Hackney
 1841: – William Johnstone
 1841 – 1844: Alexander Lawson
 1844 – 1847: James Brown
1847 – 1853: Patrick Hunter Thoms
 1853 – 1856: George Rough
 1856 – 1858: John Ewan
 1858: David Rollo
 1858 – 1861: David Jobson
 1861 – 1867: Charles Parker
 1867 – 1869: William Hay
 1869 – 1872: James Yeaman
 1872 – 1875: James Cox
 1875 – 1878: William Robertson
 1878 – 1881: William Brownlee
 1881 – 1884: Alexander Hay Moncur
 1884 – 1887: Hugh Ballingall
 1887 – 1890: William Hunter
As Lord Provost
 1890 – 1893: Alexander Mathewson
 1893 – 1896: Sir James Low
 1896 – 1899: Henry McGrady
 1899 – 1902: William Hunter
 1902 – 1905: Charles Barrie
 1905 – 1908: William Longair
 1908 – 1914: Sir James Urquhart
 1914 – 1920: Sir William Don
 1920 – 1923: Sir Alexander Spence
 1923 – 1929: Sir William High
 1929 – 1932: George Anderson Johnston
 1932 – 1935: William Huntley Buist
 1935 – 1940: Sir John Phin
 1940 – 1946: Sir Garnet Wilson
 1946 – 1949: Archibald Powrie
 1949: John Campsie Adamson
 1949 – 1952: Richard Fenton
 1952 – 1954: William Black
 1954 – 1960: William Hughes
 1960 – 1968: Maurice McManus
 1968 – 1970: Alexander MacKenzie
 1970 – 1973: William K. Fitzgerald
 1973 – 1975: Thomas W. Moore
 1975 – 1977: Charles D. P. Farquhar
 1977 – 1980: Henry W. C. Vaughan
 1980 – 1984: James P. Gowans
 1984 – 1992: Thomas Mitchell
 1992 – 1995: Thomas M. McDonald
 1995 – 1996: Norman A. McGowan
 1996 – 1999: Mervyn J. Rolfe
 1999 – 2003: Helen Wright
 2003 – 2012: John Letford
References

Politicians from Dundee
Lists of British politicians
In the United States, a government shutdown is a partial shutdown of some government services. It is not complete anarchy - essential services such as police remain active. The most recent shutdown occurred on December 22, 2018 through January 25, 2019 caused by a lack of agreement on an appropriations bill for the 2019 fiscal year. 

Government of the United States
Cynegils (23 May 587 — 5 September 642) was the King of Wessex from 611 until his death in 642. He was the son of King Ceol who died when Cynegils was young. He succeeded his uncle who was Ceol's younger brother, Ceolwulf, as king. During his reign, the kingdom expanded into northern Wiltshire and Somerset, southern Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, and western Berkshire. He is depicted as one of Wessex's greatest and most powerful kings ever.
King in Wessex 
Cynegils was the grandson of Cutha. He was the son of Ceol of Wessex and probably the nephew of Ceolwulf. He ruled jointly with his son Cwichelm. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 614 says Cynegils and Cwichelm fought together at a place named Beandun. The account said they slew two thousand sixty-five Welsh. This was a major victory for the West Saxons. Cynegils had some setbacks however during the middle of his reign. His son Cwichelm sent someone to try to kill King Edwin of Northumbria. When Edwin attacked Wessex in retaliation five Kings of Wessex were killed. The Northumbrian attack weakened the West Saxon army. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 628 says that Cyngils, king of Wessex, and Cwichelm his son 'fought with Penda at Cirencester and came to an agreement with him there'. The 'agreement' seems to have been to give Cirencester to Penda. So this was a defeat for Cynegils and his son Cwichelm and a permanent loss of Cirencester.
In 634 Pope Honorius I sent Bishop Birinus to England. When he reached the territory of the Gewisse (Wessex) he found them almost completely pagan. He began to convert the West Saxons to Christianity. In 635 Cynegils was baptized by Birinus and King Oswald of Northumbria stood as his Godfather. This may have been a condition of the marriage between Oswald and Cynegils's daughter, Cyneburh. He gave Bishop Birinus the city of Dorchester and several churches so he could convert the pagans in Wessex. The conversion took some time to complete and several kings who followed were either pagan or converted to Christianity later in their reigns.

Cwichelm, his son, ruling as either co-king or underking, died in 636. From that time on Cynegils seems to have ruled Wessex by himself until his death in 643. He was succeeded by his son Cenwalh. Cynegils's reign marked the turning point for Wessex from bands of warriors to the beginnings of a united kingdom.
Family 
Cynegils had the following children:
 Cwichelm († 636), ruled with his father.
 Cenwalh (†) 672), succeeded his father as King of Wessex.
 Centwine, King of Wessex.
 Cyneburh, in 635 married King Oswald of Northumbria.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
Kings of Wessex
642 deaths
6th-century births
Anglo-Saxons
House of Wessex
Kings and Queens of England
Stingy Jack is a character in Irish folklore. He was a poor, dirty man who was often drunk. He outsmarted the devil at least three times.

He invited the devil to have a drink with him. Jack did not want to pay for the drink. He persuaded the devil to change himself into a coin. The devil did so, and Jack put the coin in his pocket. There was a silver cross in his pocket that made it impossible for the devil to return to his original shape. Jack eventually allowed the devil to resume his shape, but only after he promised not to bother Jack for a whole year and to not try to claim his soul when he died.

On another occasion, Jack persuaded the devil to climb an apple tree to gather apples. Jack quickly carved crosses into the trunk of the tree, making it impossible for the devil to come down. Jack allowed the devil to come down, but only after he promised not to bother Jack for ten years and not to claim his soul when he died.
On the third occasion, Jack died before the ten-year time limit. God did not want Jack in Heaven, so he was sent to Hell. The devil could not claim his soul, so Jack was sent back into the world. The devil gave him a glowing coal to light his way in the darkness. Jack put the coal into a hollowed-out turnip. He is said to still walk the earth with his lantern, and can be seen around All Saints Day November 1.

Jack became known as "Jack of the lantern". This name was shortened to "Jack-o'-lantern". In the United States, his lantern became a pumpkin rather than a turnip. Pumpkins were common in the U.S. and easier to carve. The story of Jack is little known, perhaps because he was an unsuitable role model for entertaining children.

References
 

Folklore
Irish culture
Fictional European people
James Riddle Hoffa (born February 14, 1913 – disappeared July 30, 1975, declared dead July 30, 1982) was an American labor union leader. He was the President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) union from 1958 until 1971. He disappeared in late July 1975, aged 62.

Life
Jimmy Hoffa was born in Brazil, Indiana, on February 14, 1913. His family moved to Detroit in 1924. Hoffa lived in the Detroit area for the rest of his life. His first job was in a grocery store. He worked under an abusive boss, which is what gave him the idea of working with labor unions.

Hoffa left his job in 1932 and was soon working for the Teamsters union. This was mainly a union for truck drivers, though Hoffa never worked as a truck driver himself. He helped grow and manage the union in the Detroit area. In those years, the union was growing quickly.
The Teamsters union had always had links to organized crime, especially the American Mafia. These links grew as the union grew. As Hoffa became more important in the union, he began making agreements with the Mafia.

Hoffa became the head of the Detroit branch of the Teamsters union in 1946. In 1952, he became vice president of the Teamsters Union. In 1957, he then became its president. He would be re-elected in 1961 and 1966.

Under Hoffa, the Teamsters Union continued to grow. In 1964, he helped strike a contract that could cover all truck drivers in the United States. However, both the Teamsters Union and Hoffa were facing investigation for their links to organized crime. Soon after Hoffa became its president, this led to the Teamsters union being forced to leave the AFL-CIO (the main national organization of labor unions).
Hoffa was taken to jail in 1967 for fraud and jury tampering, and sentenced to 13 years. His vice president Frank Fitzsimmons began to run the union instead. In 1971, Fitzsimmons replaced Hoffa as president.

President of the United States Richard Nixon pardoned Hoffa in 1971, but in return, Hoffa could not work for a labor union again until 1980. Despite this, Hoffa began planning to return to leading the Teamsters union. However, he had many opponents, including some members of the Mafia who had once been his friends.

He was married to Josephine Poszywak from 1936 until his disappearance in 1975. They had two children. His daughter Barbara worked as a judge. His son James P. Hoffa has been the leader of the Teamsters union since 1999.

Disappearance
Hoffa vanished on 30 July 1975. He had gone to meet two members of the Mafia at a restaurant near Detroit. He was last seen waiting for them in the restaurant's parking lot.
He was declared legally dead in 1982. His disappearance gave rise to many theories as to what happened to him. Most theories believe that Hoffa was lured away and murdered by his enemies in the Mafia, who then found a way to get rid of his body. Examples of how this could have been done include taking it to a crematorium the Mafia owned or burying it in a hidden place. James Buccellato, an expert on crime, says it is unlikely the body was moved a long distance.

In 2013, the FBI searched a place north of Detroit after hearing news that Hoffa might have been buried there, but they did not find him.

In popular culture
Hoffa was portrayed by Robert Blake in the 1983 television movie Blood Feud, Trey Wilson in the 1985 television miniseries Robert Kennedy & His Times, and by Jack Nicholson in the 1992 movie Hoffa. In the 1978 movie F.I.S.T., Sylvester Stallone portrays Johnny Kovak, a character based on Hoffa. In 2019, Al Pacino played him in The Irishman.

Related pages
Related pages

List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990

References

Other websites

 

1913 births
1975 deaths
Unsolved murders in the United States
Brazil, Indiana
American murder victims
People declared dead in absentia
Missing American people
American labor leaders
American political activists
People from Indiana
The foreign relations of Bangladesh are the Bangladeshi government's policies in its relations with other countries. Since independence in 1971, Bangladesh has officially followed a principle of being friendly with all nations and not being enemies with any. As a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, Bangladesh has tended to not take sides with major powers. Since the end of the Cold War, the country has pursued better relations with its neighbours. It has strong relations with other Muslim countries. It does not recognise Israel.

By country

South Korea

Myanmar
Myanmar

Myanmar is Bangladesh's eastern neighbour. Bilateral ties with Myanmar have worsened badly, a great amount of tensions exist between the two countries. This is due to border disputes and the presence of over 270,000 Rohingya Muslim refugees in Bangladesh from mainly-Buddhist Myanmar. As a result of bilateral discussions, and with the cooperation and assistance of the UNHCR, most of the Rohingya refugees have now returned to Burma. As of 2000, about 22,000 refugees remain in camps in southern Bangladesh.
At the 2008 ASEAN Regional forum summit in Singapore, Bangladesh and Myanmar have pledged to solve their Maritime boundary disputes as quickly as possible especially that a UN deadline in claiming maritime territories will expire in three years time. Both countries discussed the possibility of linking the two countries together in an attempt to boost their trade and commerce relations. The estimate to complete the 25 km highway is three years and at the cost of $20 million. Another aspect of this plan is to connect the highway to the Asian Superhighway which would connect the two countries to China. Although these have not been solved, and tensions are worsening.

Russia

England

The relations between the two are historical, because the English started their conquest of British India from present-day Bengal region of Bangladesh. Today Bangladesh is in the Commonwealth since 1972 and the there is a sizeable Bengali-speakers within the community of Great Britain
Related pages 
 Indo-Bangladeshi barrier
 Foreign relations of Pakistan

References

Other websites 
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Edin Osmanović (born 20 May 1964) is a Slovenian UEFA Pro football coach. Since 2013, he has been the head coach of the Slovenian First Football League club Aluminij from Kidričevo. He previously coached that club from 2004 to 2006. He started his coaching career in Rudar Trbovlje. He later coached many clubs in the First League, including Publikum Celje, HIT Gorica, Rudar Velenje, Korotan Prevalje, Dravograd, Aluminij and Mura 05.

With Gorica, Osmanović finished second in the 1999–2000 season of the First League, entered the semi-finals of the 1999–2000 Slovenian Football Cup and played four matches on the UEFA Cup. That made it one of the club's most successful seasons. With Korotan, he won the Slovenian Indoor Soccer All-Stars Competition. With Dravograd, he became the runner-up of the 2003–04 Slovenian Football Cup. He also worked with other coaches like Stanko Poklepović; he was his assistant coach at Celje before taking over the position of head coach.

List of clubs

References
References

1964 births
Living people
Slovenian footballers
Slovenian football managers
The Mk4 Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket (FFAR) is a  rocket. It is also called Mighty mouse. United States military aircraft use this rocket. Military aircraft can not guide it after launch. It was made originally as an air-to-air rocket for shooting down enemy bombers from a further distance rather than machine guns and cannons. It is more effective on target rather than machine guns and cannons.

References

Weapons
Purple bacteria are bacteria that are phototrophic, meaning that they are able to make energy from light. They change the energy from the Sun into chemical energy that they can use to function. They do this through photosynthesis. Purple bacteria belong to the group called proteobacteria. They are called purple bacteria because they are often purple in colour. They can also be red, brown and orange.

References 

Gram-negative bacteria
Jet fuel is fuel used in certain types of aircraft. It is separated from crude oil in a fractionating tower.

Aviation
Fossil fuels
Stedman Graham (born March 6, 1951) is an American businessperson, author, speaker and an educator. He is an African American who was born in Whitesboro, New Jersey. He is best known as Oprah Winfrey's partner.

African-American people
Educators from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Living people
1951 births
Juliet Capulet is a character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. She is barely a young adult when she meets and falls in love with a family enemy, Romeo Montague. The two marry secretly. When Juliet's parents arrange a marriage with Count Paris for her, she takes a potion that will make her appear to be dead. Her body is taken to a crypt. She later comes back to life. When she discovers Romeo has killed himself, she kills herself. 

There have been countless adaptations. Norma Shearer and Olivia Hussey have played Juliet in the movies. The play was adapted to opera and ballet. Rudolph Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn have danced the "star-crossed lovers" in the ballet adaptation.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Mercutio is a character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He is a young man and friend to Romeo. When Romeo declines to participate in a duel with a family enemy, Mercutio takes Romeo's place and is killed as Romeo tries to end the duel. Mercutio is a talkative young man. His most famous speech is the Queen Mab speech.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Southwell is a town in Nottinghamshire, England. It has a large church called Southwell Minster.

Other websites
Southwell 

Towns in Nottinghamshire
The Nepal Bhasa Wikipedia is the Nepal Bhasa-language edition of Wikipedia. As of October 2013, it has over 70,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Nepal Bhasa Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
The Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia is the Egyptian Arabic-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in November 2008. As of October 2013, it has over 10,000 articles. It was the first Wikipedia written in a dialect of Arabic.

References

Other websites
Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
2008 establishments
The Odia Wikipedia is the Odia-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in June 2002. As of April 2015, it has over 8,728 articles.

References

Other websites
Odia Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2002
The Gewisse Latin: Gewissæ) were a political group or band of Anglo-Saxons. They originally settled in the upper Thames river valley area. The Gewisse were the most powerful group in what would become the kingdom of Wessex.

Name 

The name 'Gewisse' comes from an Old English word for "reliable" or "sure", In the genealogy of King Alfred of Wessex, is a supposed ancestor of Cerdic named Gewis. (also spelled Gwis). The true origin of the name cannot be determined accurately. the name was old in Bede's time. Bede stated the original name for the West Saxons was the Gewisse. The change in name from the Gewisse to the West Saxons seems to have taken place in the latter part of the 7th century. The Gewisse, like the 'Cantwara' (Kent-men) and the 'Meonwara' of Hampshire were political units, not tribes.

History
History 

In 577 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle claims the kings of the Gewisse captured Cirencester, Bath and Gloucester. The date is questionable but the Gewisse did hold those territories. The Gewisse found themselves limited in their ability to expand into new territories by the growing power of Mercia. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 628 says that Cyngils and Cwichelm his son 'fought with Penda at Cirencester and came to an agreement with him there'. The 'agreement' meant giving Cirencester to Penda. It was a permanent loss of Cirencester. By the second half of the 7th century Gewisse was expanding towards the Southwest and Devon. At about the same time they lost territory in the Thames valley to Mercia. The change in name to Wessex may have reflected more a change in their territory.
Bishop Birinus began converting the Gewisse to Christianity in 634, In 635 he baptized their king Cynegils who established Birinus at Dorchester. But the Dorchester bishopric was never considered West Saxon by Bede. He considered it to be Gewisse. In 660 Cenwalh created a new diocese at Winchester and made Wine the first bishop. Bede referred to the Winchester diocese as West Saxon. At the time he was writing in the early 8th century, Bede treated the two names as interchangeable. But when writing of the reign of Cynegils he referred to them as "anciently known as the Gewissae."

Notes

References

Anglo-Saxons
+
How Wikipedia Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It is a 2008 book by Phoebe Ayers, Charles Matthews, and Ben Yates. It is a how to book for using and contributing to the Wikipedia internet encyclopedia. It is made for "students, professors, and everyday experts and fans". It has sections for teachers, reusers, and researchers. It was published by No Starch Press as part of their series of how-to books about technology. It was published under the GNU Free Documentation License.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 Reviews of the book  at No Starch Press
 How Wikipedia Works (pdf) at the Internet Archive

2008 books
Works about Wikipedia