Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sean Astin as Michael "Mikey" Walsh, the asthmatic leader of the Goonies
 Josh Brolin as Brandon "Brand" Walsh, a high-school athlete and Mikey's older brother and minder
 Jeff Cohen as Lawrence "Chunk" Cohen, a clumsy, obese member of the Goonies and habitual fabulist
 Corey Feldman as Clark "Mouth" Devereaux, a Goonie nicknamed for his cheeky tongue
 Jonathan Ke Huy Quan as Richard "Data" Wang, a James Bond fanatic and amateur gadgeteer Goonie
 Kerri Green as Andrea Theresa "Andy" Carmichael, a high-school cheerleader and Brand's love interest
 Martha Plimpton as Stephanie "Stef" Steinbrenner, Andy's best friend
 John Matuszak as Lotney "Sloth" Fratelli, the deformed and abused, but child-hearted son of the Fratelli family who Chunk befriends
 Anne Ramsey as Mama Fratelli, an Italian-born crime matriarch
 Robert Davi as Jake Fratelli, Mama Fratelli's son and a counterfeiter
 Joe Pantoliano as Francis Fratelli, Mama Fratelli's son
 Mary Ellen Trainor as Irene Walsh, Mikey and Brand's fussy mother
Keith Walker as Irving Walsh, Mikey and Brand's father and a curator at the local history museum
 Lupe Ontiveros as Rosalita, the Walsh family's Mexican housekeeper
 Steve Antin as Troy Perkins, the spoiled son of the Astoria Country Club's millionaire owner
 Curt Hanson as Mr. Perkins, Troy's millionaire father
 Michael Paul Chan as Mr. Wang, Data's father
 Charles McDaniel as Mr. Cohen, Chunk's father
 Paul Tuerpe as the Sheriff
 George Robotham as Prison Guard
Director Richard Donner makes a cameo appearance as a sheriff's deputy. The movie's cinematographer, Nick McLean, also has a cameo as Mouth's father. The part of the dead FBI agent was played by stuntman Ted Grossman.

References

Other websites 

1985 movies
1985 adventure movies
1980s family movies
American adventure movies
American family movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Oregon
Movies directed by Richard Donner
Press Your Luck was an American game show that aired from 1983 to 1986 and later in reruns, and was hosted by Peter Tomarken.  The three contestants on each show would earn spins by answering questions that they could later use on The Big Board.  On the board, they could earn thousands of dollars in cash and prizes but had to beware of the Whammy, a cartoon demon who stole players' money and prizes.  If a Whammy was hit, the contestant lost all earnings up to that point.  Four Whammies took a player out of the game.  The winner returned on the next show.

The show came back on the air in 2002 on Game Show Network as Whammy! The All-New Press Your Luck.  It featured a new "Big Bank" feature, which gave the player a chance to earn all the money and prizes lost to the Whammy. It was hosted by Todd Newton and ran until 2003.
The original version of Press Your Luck was called Second Chance, which aired on television in 1977.  Instead of the Whammy, players had to face a cartoon "Devil." It was hosted by Jim Peck, but did not last very long.

The show returned to ABC in 2019 with Elizabeth Banks as the host and is due to make its fourth season premiere on July 7th 2022. In the 2019 series, the contestant who wins with the highest amount of money goes to a bonus round in which the contestant tries to go through 6 rounds and try and win the jackpot prize of $1 million. Neil Ross is the announcer and Whammy voice for the current series.

References

Other websites
  (1983–86) (US)
  (1987–88) (Australia)

Television game shows
English-language television programs
Nepal Bhasa is a language spoken by indigenous Newa people of Nepal. It is a Himalayan language of Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages group. 

Newah Bhaaye is the term used for Nepal Bhasa by its native speakers. The term 'Newari' has been used in derogatory form to replace the original name of the language.

Linguistics 
Nepal Bhasa shares the feature of Kirant and Tibetan dialects of Northern Himalayas. It consists of five major dialects and several sub-dialects spoken by Newa people living throughout the country.

References

Sino-Tibetan languages
Language
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder. It happens when the nervous system does not work properly. People with narcolepsy tend to fall asleep during the daytime, even if they do not want to. Very often, they do not sleep well at night, and during the day they fall asleep uncontrollably.  There are two different forms. The classical (more common) form is the one with muscle failure (called cataplexy). There is also a less common form without cataplexy.

Narcolepsy affects the way the nerves work. It is not a mental illness, or caused by psychological problems. It is estimated that between 25 and 50 people, per 100,000 suffer from narcolepsy. Very few cases are reported.

The first description was given in 1877. Jean-Baptiste Gélineau, a military doctor, first used the name narcolepsy in 1880.

In certain countries, people diagnosed with narcolepsy may not drive a car.
Symptoms 
Things that people with narcolepsy may experience:
 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Being very tired during the day even after a full night of sleep. This is the most common symptom of narcolepsy.
 Cataplexy: Suddenly having a muscle fail them. This can range from a slight weakness, and problems speaking clearly, to completely collapsing.
 Sleep paralysis: When waking up, people are paralysed  (unable to move) for a certain time. The paralysis eventually goes away.
 Hallucinations, while falling asleep or waking up.
Automatic behaviour: People continue doing things while they are asleep. Later on they do not remember.

Hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and automatic behaviour can also occur in people who are not narcoleptics. This usually happens when people are very tired, and have not slept for a long time.
Causes 
Some scientists think that narcolepsy is caused by a lack of hypocretin. Hypocretin is a chemical in the brain which wakes people up and regulates sleep. However, It is not yet known for sure what causes it. Quite a few sufferers also have another family member with the disease. This may point to the fact that some of the things that cause the disease may be passed from the parents to the children through genes.

Treatments 
There are certain drugs that can treat the effects of narcolepsy. They can not treat the cause, since it is unknown. In general those drugs are special kinds of stimulants. General stimulants, like coffee, usually do not help. Some strategies for treatment do not rely on drugs:
Adapting the behaviour to avoid situations that trigger daytime sleep; this is generally known as Coping. It also involves changing the daytime rhythm to accommodate the sleeping phases
Sleep hygiene

References
References

Other websites 
 Narcolepsy Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 
 Narcolepsy Network
 http://www.narcolepsy.org.uk/index_html 
 Read about Narcolepsy in the Sleeptionary
 What is Narcolepsy 
 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment 
 Harvard Division of Sleep Medicine Module on Narcolepsy 

Neurology
Sleep disorders
Danny Phantom is an animated television series on the Nickelodeon cable network. The show was created by American animator Butch Hartman.

The show Danny Phantom is about a fourteen-year-old boy named Danny Fenton. His parents, Jack Fenton and Maddie Fenton, are ghost hunters and also create machines that help them to catch ghosts. Danny's parents were creating a portal, but when they were finished and tried to make it work, it failed to work and they quit. Danny, however, who had been watching them, put on a white suit and went inside the machine out of curiosity. He accidentally pressed a button and got an electric shock, which gave him his ghost powers.
Only his friends, Samantha (often called Sam) and Tucker know about his powers. Later Danny's sister, Jasmine (often called Jazz) accidentally discovered and learned about his powers.
Danny's powers include the following:
 Invisibility: Danny can turn invisible and back.
 Ghost ray: Danny can shoot a green beam of energy from his hand.
 Ghost Wail: Danny can make a very loud yell, sending green sound waves out of his mouth which
 destroy almost anything in his path. He barely uses this because it uses too much energy.
 Force Field: Danny can protect himself against attacks by creating a green bubble-like dome around him.
 Intangibility: Danny can walk through any solid matter.
 Ghost Sense:Blue air comes out of his mouth that alerts Danny that there's a ghost nearby.
Characters
Daniel "Danny" Fenton/Danny Phantom - A fourteen-year-old boy who has "ghost powers". He does not do well in school and is often bullied by Dash.
Sam Manson - A teenage girl who is one of Danny's best friends. She can be bossy sometimes. She has a crush on Danny.
Tucker Foley - A teenage boy who is one of Danny's best friends. He is smart and carries around gadgets.
Jack Fenton- Danny's father. He is clumsy but is good at making machines. Jack is a little bit dumb sometimes, but he really does care about his family.
Maddie Fenton- Danny's mother. She also enjoys making machines with her husband.
Jazz Fenton - Danny's older teenage sister. She is smart. Sometimes, she is against her parent's ghost hunting.
Dash Baxter- A teenage boy in Danny's school. He likes to bully Danny. Recently,  Danny has been able to avoid this. Dash is a very popular kid in the school.
Kwan - One of Dash's friends who is also popular.
Vlad Plasmius - Vlad is one of Jack's old friends. He also has ghost powers. He is more powerful than Danny.
Guys in White - This is a small group in the series. They are ghost hunters. This is an obvious joke of the Men in Black.
Grandpa Fenton - Danny's grandfather.
Alicia - Danny's aunt and Maddie's sister.
Jeremy Manson - Sam's father.
Pam Manson  - Sam's mother.
Ida Manson - Sam's grandmother and Jeremy's mother.
Maurice Foley - Tucker's father.
Angela Foley - Tucker's mother.
Places 
The series is set in Amity Park. Fenton Works is Danny's house. Manson Residence is Sam's house. Foley Residence is Tucker's house. Casper High School is a school. Principal Ishiyama is the principal, Mr. Lancer teaches English, math, science and history. Mrs. Tetslaff is the gym teacher. Mr. Falluca is a math and science teacher.

Other Facts 
Danny Phantom is distributed outside the United States by the Canadian company, Nelvana. The series was originally called Danny Phantom and the Spector Detectors. The creator thought that the series would be more interesting if the ghost was a teenage boy, so he changed it to Danny Phantom.

In popular culture 

 The show Danny Phantom, Inspired murderer and YouTuber Randy Stair to commit a Mass shooting on June 8, 2017, That killed 3 people, 1 including himself.

Episodes 
List of Danny Phantom episodes

References

Other websites 

 Official Site
Official Site
 

Nickelodeon television series
2000s American animated television series
2004 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Television series created by Butch Hartman
A cane is a stick from a piece of wood, or sometimes of metal. It is used by someone to help support themself when they are walking. A person might need a cane because of their age, or weight, or for another reason.

Related pages
 Walking stick

tools
Pipe or pipes can be several things:

Pipe (material), a pole made of metal or of another material that is hollow in the middle, used for moving water or other things from one place to another
Pipe (smoke), a small object for smoking tobacco or other things
Bagpipes, sometimes called "pipes"
Homicide is when one person kills (causes the death of) another person. Homicide is often a crime but sometimes is is not. If the killer wanted to cause death, it can be a crime called murder. If the killer did not want to cause death, but had no care for their own behavior, it can be a crime called manslaughter. Fighting to keep oneself safe from harm is called self-defense. If a person needed to kill for self-defense, it is usually not a crime. If a person killed in self-defense when they did not need to kill, it may be a crime.

References

Crime
Violence
Death
Amazon.com, Inc., known as Amazon (), is an American online business and cloud computing company. It was founded on July 5, 1994 by Jeff Bezos. It is based in Seattle, Washington. It is the largest Internet-based store in the world by total sales and market capitalization. Amazon.com started as an online bookstore. When it got bigger, it started selling DVDs, Blu-rays, CDs, video downloads/streaming, MP3s, audiobooks, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry. It also makes consumer electronics like Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo. It is the world's largest provider of cloud computing services.  Amazon also sells products like USB cables using the name AmazonBasics.
Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States,  Argentina, Brazil, United Kingdom, France, Ireland,  Canada, Colombia,  Germany,  Australia, Italia,  Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Japan,  Poland,  Mexico,  Sweden, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and Republic of India. Amazon also offers international shipping to some countries for some of its products. In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Tamil languages versions of the German Amazon website were launched.

Subsidiaries 
Amazon owns over 40 smaller companies, including Twitch, Zappos, Shopbop, Diapers.com, Kiva Systems (now Amazon Robotics), Audible, Goodreads, Teachstreet and IMDb. Amazon.com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products.

Other reading

References

Other websites
All articles with unsourced statements
1994 establishments in Washington (state)
 
 
Online shopping
American websites
Conglomerate companies
The Olympic Games were first held in Ancient Greece more than two thousand years ago. The first modern Summer Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896. There were 200 athletes from Greece and 45 athletes from 13 other countries. Since 1904, medals have been given to the three best athletes or teams in each sport.

The earliest Games consisted of 42 events only, but it was expected that 10,500 athletes would compete in the 302 events on the program for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

List of modern Summer Olympic Games 

Games in italics were cancelled or have not yet been held.
1896 – Games of the I Olympiad – Athens, Greece
 1900 – Games of the II Olympiad – Paris, France
 1904 – Games of the III Olympiad – St. Louis, Missouri, United States
 1906 – Intercalated Games – Athens, Greece
 1908 – Games of the IV Olympiad – London, United Kingdom
 1912 – Games of the V Olympiad – Stockholm, Sweden
 1916 – Games of the VI Olympiad – Berlin, Germany - Cancelled due to World War I 1920 – Games of the VII Olympiad – Antwerp, Belgium
 1924 – Games of the VIII Olympiad – Paris, France
 1928 – Games of the IX Olympiad – Amsterdam, Netherlands
 1932 – Games of the X Olympiad – Los Angeles, California, United States
 1936 – Games of the XI Olympiad – Berlin, Germany  
 1940 – Games of the XII Olympiad – Helsinki, Finland - Cancelled due to World War II 1944 – Games of the XIII Olympiad – London, United Kingdom - Cancelled due to World War II 1948 – Games of the XIV Olympiad – London, United Kingdom
 1952 – Games of the XV Olympiad – Helsinki, Finland
1956 – Games of the XVI Olympiad – Melbourne, Australia / Stockholm, Sweden (Equestrian events)
 1960 – Games of the XVII Olympiad – Rome, Italy
 1964 – Games of the XVIII Olympiad – Tokyo, Japan
 1968 – Games of the XIX Olympiad – Mexico City, Mexico
 1972 – Games of the XX Olympiad – Munich, West Germany (now Munich, Germany)
 1976 – Games of the XXI Olympiad – Montréal, Quebec, Canada
 1980 – Games of the XXII Olympiad – Moscow, Soviet Union (now Moscow, Russia)
 1984 – Games of the XXIII Olympiad – Los Angeles, California, United States
 1988 – Games of the XXIV Olympiad – Seoul, South Korea
 1992 – Games of the XXV Olympiad – Barcelona, Spain
 1996 – Games of the XXVI Olympiad – Atlanta, Georgia, United States
 2000 – Games of the XXVII Olympiad – Sydney, Australia
 2004 – Games of the XXVIII Olympiad – Athens, Greece
 2008 – Games of the XXIX Olympiad – Beijing, China / Hong Kong, China (Equestrian events)
 2012 – Games of the XXX Olympiad – London, United Kingdom
2016 – Games of the XXXI Olympiad – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 2020 – Games of the XXXII Olympiad – Tokyo, Japan
 2024 – Games of the XXXIII Olympiad – Paris, France 2028 – Games of the XXXIV Olympiad – Los Angeles, California, United States 2032 – Games of the XXXV Olympiad – Brisbane, Australia Cancelled Games 
 The 1906 Summer Olympics or 1906 Intercalated Games were discounted ex post facto'' by the IOC. All medals awarded during these games have not since been counted officially on total medal counts.
 The following games were cancelled due to the World Wars. The 1916 Summer Olympics were cancelled due to the onset of WWI; both Summer Olympics of 1940 and 1944 were cancelled due to WWII.
 Some summer events were held by the IOC in celebration of its Jubilee in Lausanne, despite the war that cancelled the 1944 Summer Olympics, at the Jubilee Celebrations of the IOC.
Related pages
Athletics at the Summer Olympics

References 

 
Olympics-related lists
Alpha Centauri (also known as Rigil Kentaurus) is the brightest star in the southern Centaurus constellation. It is the fourth brightest star in the night sky, with a magnitude of -0.01. It is visible in the Southern Hemisphere, and is too far south for most of the Northern Hemisphere to see.

Alpha Centauri is a binary star system of two stars A & B. The distance between them is quite close. To the naked eye, the stars are too close for the eye to be able to see them as separate. Their orbit is about the distance of the giant planets from our Sun.

There is a third star, Proxima Centauri (or Alpha Centauri C). This is usually considered separately, but in fact it is also gravitationally connected to the other two. It is actually slightly closer to us, with a very much larger orbit around A and B.

System
System 

Viewed as a triple star system, Alpha Centauri is the closest to our own, being 4.2-4.4 light years (ly) away. It consists of two main stars, Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B (which form a binary star together) at a distance of 4.36 ly, and a dimmer red dwarf named Proxima Centauri at a distance of 4.22 ly. Both of the two main stars are rather similar to the Sun. The larger star, Alpha Centauri A, is the most similar to the Sun, but a little larger and brighter.

The next closest star is Barnard's Star.

Diameter and radius 
Alpha Centauri is 1,702,240 km in diameter and 851,120 km in radius.

Related pages 
 Nature timeline

Notes 

Binary stars
Red dwarfs
The last call bell is a bell found in bars. 

The last call bell is rung to:
Tell people that the bar is getting ready to stop selling drinks
Tell people that the bar is no longer selling drinks 
Tell people the bar is closed.

Last call bells are related to bells used on ships.

Other websites 
The National Pist article 

bells
The TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse, French for "high-speed train"), is a category of high speed trains. They are used in France. They are also used for some travel between France and England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Spain. The trains normally travel at speeds between 270 km/h and 320 km/h. They were the fastest normal trains in the world, their average travel speed is at 279,4 km/h.

In 2007, a special TGV set the speed record for rail vehicles, reaching 574,8 km/h.
Inside France, there are the following high speed lines
 Paris to Lyon, later to Valence, Avignon and Marseille.
 Paris to Tours and Le Mans. Also used to run trains to Poitiers and Bordeaux.
 Paris to Lille, later Brussels (known as Thalys) and Calais, Dover, London (known as Eurostar).
 Paris to Strasbourg, sometimes to Frankfurt am Main, Basel and Zürich. The first part of this line has been built. The high-speed track ends at a station, about half-way between Nancy and Metz. Strasbourg is currently reachable from Paris is about two and a half hours, Basel takes 3.20, and Zürich about 4.30. The extension of the line to Strasbourg has been started,

Lines to Spain and Italy are being planned. A High speed line to Germany is being built.

The building of the network has made travel times much shorter. Paris to Marseille (750 km) can now be done in 3 hours. Two thirds of the traffic volume is done by the TGV, only one third is done by airplanes.
TGVs for other uses 
Since the beginning of the high-speed rail network, the French Poste uses TGVs to transport mail, mostly  between Paris, Mâcon and Cavaillon, but the train was retired in 2015. These use the high-speed lines (LGV Sud-Est) during the night.

In the north of France, the high-speed lines are also used to run regional trains over longer distances. There are currently train  from Lille to Dunkerque. This takes half an hour.  Other lines run to Calais, in forty minutes, or to Boulogne-sur-Mer in 55. In 2007, a line to Arras was opened, which is also very successful. Unfortunately, there are some problems with this approach. First, only high-speed lines can be used that are not saturated, because these trains run slower than regular TGVs. Secondly, using a TGV line costs more to the client, they have to pay extra. This makes these services more expensive.

References 

Rail transport in France
Rapid transit systems
High-speed trains
Slur might mean:

A slur is a type of offensive word that can cause hatred. (See Pejorative)
To slur also means to talk very fast and mix words together in doing so.
A slur might also refer to a symbol in music which tells the musician to play legato.
A caregiver, or carer, is someone who has the job of caring for people. They usually care for people who are unable to care for themselves, for example, children, disabled people, or the elderly. When a caregiver is assigned to look after a baby or a child they are sometimes called a babysitter.

Related pages
Parent
Infant attachment

Personal service occupations
Social care
Binoculars are a kind of tool that lets people see far-away things more clearly. The technology is called optics. Binoculars are made of a pair of matched telescopes which are held in front of the user's eyes. 

The two telescopes of the pair have lenses that focus light and magnify the image.  When someone looks through the binoculars at a far-away object, they can see details. 

Early binoculars had two Galilean telescopes without prisms. Today most have prisms inside, which fold the light path to shorten the length of the tubes. That is why a binocular is shorter than standard telescopes of similar power.

Binoculars were invented in the 17th century. They allow a telescope user to use both eyes.  The Royal Navy used single telescopes, but now all ships have heavy binoculars.  Heavy ones can be mounted on swivels to scan the horizon.  Binoculars are also standard issue in all armies. Night vision binoculars use photocathode electronics to intensify the image.
Binoculars are also used for theatre (opera glasses), birdwatching  amateur astronomy, and generally watching the scenery.

Features
These features are present in some or all binoculars:
Focussing is usually by turning knobs.
Large binoculars have independent focussing for each 'telescope' (each side).
Eye relief: Eye relief is the distance from the rear eyepiece lens to the exit pupil or eye point. It is the distance the observer must position his or her eye behind the eyepiece in order to see the image. The longer the focal length of the eyepiece, the greater the eye relief. Binoculars may have eye relief ranging from a few millimeters to 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) or more. Eye relief can be particularly important for eyeglass wearers. 
Range finding. Many binoculars have range finding reticle (scale) superimposed on the view. This scale allows the distance to the object to be estimated if the object height is known. 
Image stabilisation. On top-range models, by electronics.
Optical coatings
Optical coatings
Anti-reflective: not just relections off the front lens, but every lens and prism. Anti-reflective coatings reduce light lost at every optical surface through reflection at each surface. Reducing reflection via anti-reflective coatings also reduces the amount of "lost" light bouncing around inside the binocular which can making the image appear hazy (low contrast).  
Metallic mirror coating for its prisms.
Warships  in World War II used very large binocular naval rangefinders (up to 15 metres separation of the two objective lenses, weight 10 tons) for ranging gun targets 25 km away. Late-20th century technology made this application redundant (radar; laser sights; guided missiles &c).

 Modern military binoculars have filters that block laser weapons used against them. Some are specialised for night vision.

Optics
Tools
An odd number is an integer when divided by two, either leaves a remainder or the result is a fraction. One is the first odd positive number. Some examples of odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11.
 
An integer that is not an odd number is an even number. If an even number is divided by two, the result is another integer. On the other hand, an odd number, when divided by two, will result in a fraction. 

Since odd numbers are integers, negative numbers can be odd.

Related pages 
 Even number 

Numbers
Number theory
Arithmetics
Events 
 Magnus II of Sweden is no longer king of Norway, and his son Haakon VI of Norway becomes king. However Haakon is still very young, so Magnus makes most of his decisions.
 January 27, Pope Clement VI creates his Bull Unigenitus.
 The personal union between Sweden and Norway ends.
 Edward, the Black Prince becomes the Prince of Wales.

Births 
 Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan (died 1394)
 Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (about this time) (died 1400)
 Emperor Chōkei of Japan (died 1394)
 Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (died 1403)

Deaths 
 December 15 – Hasan Kucek, Chobanid prince
 Sir Ulick Burke, Irish nobleman
 Aimone of Savoy
Events 
 May – Pope Clement VI becomes pope
 John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond
 Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens
 Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia
 Patriarch of Antioch moved to Damascus while Ignatius II is king
 Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol
 Louis I becomes king of Hungary
 The Vijayanagara Empire is created in South India

Births 
 January 15 – Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (died 1404)
 November 10 – Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (died 1408)
 Leo VI of Armenia
 Avignon Pope Clement VII (died 1394)
 Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (died 1373)
 Julian of Norwich, English mystic (died 1413)

Deaths 
 January 29 – Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (born 1279)
 April 24 – Pope Benedict XII
 July 16 – King Charles I of Hungary
 November 29 – Michael of Cesena, Italian Franciscan leader (born 1270)
 Al-Jaldaki, Persian physician and alchemist
 William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros
 Marsilius of Padua, Italian scholar (born 1270)
1344 was a leap year.

Events 
 English king Edward III creates three new gold coins, the florin. leopard, and helm. Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins is different from their worth of six shillings, three shillings, one shilling, and sixpence. Because of this, they had to be taken back and many were melted down by August.

Births 
 Meinhard III, Count of Tyrol
 Parameswara, Malay Srivijayan prince (died 1424)

Deaths 
 Constantine IV of Armenia
 Gersonides, French rabbi and mathematician (born 1288)
 Jaghmini, Persian physician
 Simone Martini, Sienese painter (born 1284)
 William Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury (born 1301)
A tent is a movable, lightweight shelter which uses fabric to protect people from wind, rain and from the cold. The fabric walls of a tent are supported by wood or metal poles and thin ropes (called "guy lines"), and the tent or the ropes are usually attached to the ground with plastic or metal pointed stakes, or lattice frames and internal posts in the cases of yurts and marquees. Tent camping exploded in popularity in the 1960s. Manufacturers introduced poles made of fiberglass or aluminum alloys, allowing for a greater range of shapes and a lighter weight tent to transport. Zippered tent doors replaced the traditional flap opening.

Uses 
Tents are usually used as shelter during camping, hiking, and other outdoor recreational activities. Large tents are also used to provide temporary shelter for events such as outdoor weddings or circuses. Tents are also used to provide temporary sleeping quarters for military personnel or homeless, or for people who have been displaced by a disaster (such as refugees).
References 

Accommodations
Camping
A cottage is a term often used for a small house. This word comes from England where it is used to mean a house that has one main storey, with a second, lower storey of bedrooms which fit under the roof upstairs. In many places the word cottage is used to mean a small old-fashioned house. In the United States the word cottage is often used to mean a small holiday home.

Cottages are usually found in villages or in the countryside, rather than in the town. They are nearly always built from material that can be found nearby. A cottage may be built of stone, of brick or of timber. It may have a roof of tiles, slates, shingles, shakes or thatch.

Houses
Bullseye might mean:

 Bullseye (sports), the centre of a target and the name given to any shot that hits the bullseye
 Any design or pattern featuring concentric circles, like an archery target, may be referred to as a "bullseye"
 Bullseye (American game show)
 Bullseye (CNBC), U.S. TV program
 Bullseye (UK game show)
 Bullseye (comics), a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe (comics and film), primarily an enemy of Daredevil. 
 Bullseye!, a 1990 comedy motion picture starring Michael Caine and Roger Moore
 Bullseye (shooting competition), also known as Conventional Pistol
 Bullseye (mascot), mascot of Target Corporation
Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) are salt water fish that live in the north Pacific Ocean. Like most flatfish, they live on the bottom of the continental shelf, up to 600 metres deep. Their geographical range is from the Gulf of Alaska in the east, to the Chukchi Sea in the north, to the Sea of Japan in the west. Alaska plaice feed mostly on polychaetes, but also eat amphipods and echiurans.

Most commercial fisheries do not want to catch Alaska plaice; but many are caught by trawlers trying to catch other bottom fish. So many Alaska plaice get caught anyway that, for example, the 2005 total allowable catch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI) was reached before the end of May of that year.

Alaska plaice can live for up to 30 years, and grow to 60 centimetres (24 inches) long, but most that get caught are only seven or eight years old, and about 30 cm (12 in).

Related pages
American plaice
European Plaice
References
1998 Marine Fisheries Review article 
Bulletin announcing reaching the total allowable catch of Alaska plaice for 2005 (National Marine Fisheries Service)

Flatfish
When people are dreaming, their muscles do not move, even if in their dream they are moving. This is a natural process which prevents that people actually perform the movements they do in their sleep. In general, people are not aware of this inability to move, as it usually stops as soon as they wake up. People suffering from sleep paralysis wake up and find that they are unable to move. This is because the paralysis has not stopped. Usually it lasts for only a few minutes, and people have said they feel a "presence" or "ghost" during it.

Possible causes 
Little is known about the physiology of sleep paralysis. However, some have suggested that it may be linked to post-synaptic (neurons sending signals to other neurons) inhibition (restraint) of nerves in the pons (back) region of the brain. In particular, low levels of melatonin may stop the depolarization current in the nerves, which stops stimulation of the muscles.
Hallucinations of ghosts, demons and Out of Body Experiences during sleep paralysis may be caused by a part of the brain called the parietal lobe (top-middle part of the brain), and by neurons known as mirror neurons.

Studies suggest that many people get sleep paralysis at least once in their lives. People who have narcolepsy often get it much more. Many people try to induce sleep paralysis, to have an Out of Body Experience. 

Some report that various factors make paralysis and hallucinations happen more. These include:
 Sleeping on your back
 Irregular sleeping schedules; naps, sleeping in, sleep deprivation
 Increased stress
 Sudden changes of lifestyle or environment
 A lucid dream just before it
 Medium to long-term imagining of involuntary movements with your eyes closed before sleep.
Treatment 
There are few treatments available for sleep paralysis. One treatment is called Meditation-Relaxation Therapy. The treatment includes four steps: (1) one should close their eyes and remind themself that the experience is not dangerous in any way, and it is common around the world; (2) and that since it is not dangerous, they should not be afraid as that will only make the experience worse. (3) They should then focus very strongly on a positive thought or mental image (meditate); (4) and also relax their muscles and avoid movement.

References

Other websites
The Guardian - The waking nightmare of sleep paralysis
On the Neuroscience of Sleep Paralysis 

Symptoms
American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) are salt water fish that live in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Like most flatfish, they live on the bottom of the continental shelf, up to 700 metres deep, but spend most of the time at 90 to 200 meters. Their geographical range is from the coast of Labrador, south to the coast of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. The most are found off the eastern tip of Newfoundland. American plaice feed on sand dollars, brittle stars, crustaceans, polychaetes, and fish such as capelin and launce.

Like many flatfish, American plaice are sometimes said to be a flounder or dab, even though both are names for other fish species.

The U.K.-based Marine Conservation Society rates American plaice as 5, the most threatened category of over-harvested animals.

Related pages
Alaska plaice
European Plaice
References 
American plaice information (Northeast Fisheries Science Center (U.S.))
American plaice information (National Marine Fisheries Service (Canada))
FishBase article
Ecological status of American plaice (Marine Conservation Society)

Flatfish
A spider web is a sticky net that spiders make from silk to trap their prey. When insects fly or crawl into the web, they get stuck and the spider eats them. Most spider webs are very thin, but are also very strong. Different kinds of spiders make different types of webs. Spiders make different webs in different places to trap many kinds of prey. 

Arachnids
The World Series in Major League Baseball, is when the best team from the American League (the winner of the American League Championship Series) and the best team from the National League (the winner of the National League Championship Series) keep playing games of baseball until one of the two teams wins four games total. The winners of the most recent World Series in 2021 were the Atlanta Braves. They defeated the Houston Astros 4 games to 2.

The New York Yankees have 27 World Series championships, the most of any team.  The Cleveland Indians currently hold the longest active drought, having last won the Series before expansion teams were formed.  Recently, the three longest championship droughts were ended by the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox, and the Chicago Cubs.
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966, in Gary, Indiana) is an American singer, dancer, actress, and songwriter. She is the younger sister of Michael Jackson and has had many popular songs such as "Nasty," "Rhythm Nation," and "That's the Way Love Goes." Jackson also plays Patricia in the 2007 movie Why Did I Get Married? She is one of the best-selling artists in the history of pop music, with over 160 million records sold worldwide. In 2011, True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourself, a book written by Jackson and David Ritz, was published. The book reached number five in The New York Times' Best Seller list.
Early life and career
Jackson was born to Katherine and Joe Jackson on May 16, 1966 at St Mary's Mercy Hospital in Gary, Indiana. She was raised as a Jehovah's Witness. She did not want to be an entertainer. She wanted to   become a race-horse jockey. However her father planned for her to go into the show business. When Jackson was seven she went on stage in the Las Vegas Strip with her siblings in a routine show at the MGM Casino.

In September 1979, Jackson started acting in A New Kind of Family. Her first album, Janet Jackson, was released on September 21, 1982, by A&M Records.
1986–95:  Rise to fame
Jackson had several hit singles worldwide.  Among them are "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "Control", "Nasty", "Rhythm Nation", "Miss You Much", "Escapade", "Love Will Never Do (Without You)", and "That's the Way Love Goes".
Jackson won her first Grammy Award in 1987. On September 19, 1989 Jackson's fourth album Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 was released. Eight singles were released from the album. In 1993, Jackson was on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. On May 31, 1995, "Scream", a song that Janet made with her older brother Michael Jackson, was released as the first single from Michael's album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. This song reached the top five on the US Billboard Hot 100.
1996–2007
Jackson released the album The Velvet Rope in 1998, it sold over 10 million copies.  The album had provocative lyrics.  The single "Together Again" became her eighth number-one song in the US, it sold over 6 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best selling singles of all time.

In 2000, she contributed to the movie Nutty Professor II: The Klumps.  A single from the soundtrack, "Doesn't Really Matter", became her ninth chart-topper.

In 2001, she released the album All for You.  A single, also called "All for You", reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks, making it the longest reigning number one hit of the year.  The next single, "Someone to Call My Lover", reached the top three.

2008–09
Jackson released her album Discipline in 2008.  The lead single, "Feedback", reached the top 20 in the US and Canada.

In June 2009, Jackson's brother Michael died. In September 2009, she performed "Scream" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards as part of a tribute to Michael.
2010–present
In 2010, Jackson acted in For Colored Girls.

She released her first studio album in seven years, Unbreakable, in 2015.  It entered at number one on the US Billboard 200 album chart.  Jackson canceled her ongoing Unbreakable World Tour because she announced that she was "planning her family" with her husband, Wissam Al Mana.

Personal life 
Jackson has been married three times.  It was announced that Jackson was pregnant shortly before her 50th birthday in May 2016.  She gave birth to her first child, a son, with current husband, billionaire Wissam Al Mana, in January 2017.

In April 2017, it was reported that Jackson and Al Mana had separated.
Discography
 Janet Jackson (1982)
 Dream Street (1984)
 Control (1986)
 Control: The Remixes (1987)
 Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989)
 janet. (1993)
 Janet. Remixed (1995)
 Design of a Decade: 1986–1996 (1995)
 The Velvet Rope (1997)
 All for You (2001)
 Damita Jo (2004)
 20 Y.O. (2006)
 Discipline (2008)
 Number Ones (2009)*
 Icon: Number Ones (2010)
 Unbreakable (2015)*On digital outlets, such as iTunes and Spotify, Icon: Number Ones is listed as Best of Number Ones.

References

Other websites 

 
 

1966 births
Living people
Actors from Indiana
African American actors
African American musicians
American movie actors
American R&B singers
American pop singers
American new jack swing singers
American hip hop singers
American dance musicians
American singer-songwriters
American television actors
 
Emmy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Indiana
Jackson family
Melissa Joan Catherine Hart (born April 18, 1976) is an American actress. She was born and raised in Long Island, New York.

She played the title roles in the television series Clarissa Explains It All and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. In 1999 she played the lead role in the movie Drive Me Crazy. From 2010 to 2015, she starred as Mel Burke in the ABC Family show Melissa & Joey.

Personal life 
Since July 19, 2003, Hart has been married to musician Mark Wilkerson (born 1976). They have three sons together: Mason Walter Wilkerson (born January 11, 2006), Braydon Hart Wilkerson (born March 12, 2008) and Tucker McFadden Wilkerson (born September 18, 2012).

Other websites 
 Melissa Joan Hart at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
 Melissa Joan Hart News and Video 

Actors from New York (state)
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American voice actors
Entertainers from New York (state)
1976 births
Living people
Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick (born July 20, 1972 in Old Bridge, New Jersey) is an American singer and actor. Her stage name is Vitamin C. Before she started her solo career, she was the lead singer of the band Eve's Plum.

Music

Albums 
 More (2001)
 Vitamin C (1999)

Singles 
 "Last Nite" (2003)
 "As Long As You're Loving Me" (2000)
 "The Itch" (2000)
 "Graduation (Friends Forever)" (2000)
 "Me, Myself, & I" (1999)
 "Smile" (1999)

Movies 
 Happy Is Not Hard to Be (2005)
 My X-Girlfriend's Wedding Reception (2001)
 Rock Star (2001)
 Scary Movie 2 (2001) (voice only)
 Get Over It (2001)
 Dracula 2000 (2000)
 Da Hip Hop Witch (2000)
 The Haven (2000)
 Liar Liar (1997)
 St. Patrick's Day (1997)
 High School High (1996)
 Just Cause (1995)
 Higher Learning (1995)
 Crinoline Head (1995)
 The Mambo Kings (1992)
 The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (1991)
 Hairspray (1988)

Other websites 
 

1969 births
Living people
Singers from New Jersey
American movie actors
Actors from New Jersey
Jamie Lynn Marie Spears (born April 4, 1991 in McComb, Mississippi) is an American actress and singer. She is the younger sister of pop singer Britney Spears. She played the lead role in the television series Zoey 101. In late December 2007 it was revealed that Jamie Lynn was pregnant. Jamie Lynn's daughter, Maddie Briann Aldridge, was born on June 19, 2008. Spears is now a country music singer. In November 2013 Spears released her first single, "How Could I Want More".

Other websites 
Official Web Site of Jamie Lynn Spears (requires Macromedia Flash)
Jamie Lynn Spears at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
Jamie Spears Club

References

1991 births
Living people
Spears, Jamie Lynn
American television actors
Spears, Jamie Lynn
Singers from Louisiana
Actors from Mississippi
Singers from Mississippi
Britney Spears
Opel, full name Adam Opel AG, is an automobile maker from Germany, founded in 1862. From 1929 to 2017, Opel is the German brand of the American automaker General Motors. Opel has about 35,000 workers. The company headquarters are in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Other German plants are in Eisenach and Kaiserslautern. In Great Britain, Opel cars are called Vauxhall. Opel would later engineer cars for GMDAT and GM Korea until the Opel brand was bought by PSA. From 2007 to 2009 three Opel models (the Antara, the Astra and the Vectra) were sold in the United States under the Saturn marque. Upon the discontinuation of the Saturn marque, Buick became responsible for importing the Opel models. The only Buick cars to not be Opels are the Enclave CUV and the full sized LaCrosse sedan. In March 2017, Opel and its parent brand Vauxhall were bought by PSA, the company who owns Peugeot and Citroën.

Car models 
Passenger cars:
Rocks-e | Astra | Corsa | Mokka  | Crossland   | Grandland | Zafira
Commercial cars:
Combo | Vivaro | Movano

Concept cars:
Antara GTC | Astra OPC X-Treme | Eco Speedster | Flextreme | Flextreme GT/E | Frogster | GTC Concept | GT Concept | Insignia Concept | Monza Concept | Manta GSe Electromod | RAK e | Snowtrekker | Trixx

Historic cars:
Adam | Antara | Ampera | Agila | Admiral | Ascona | Blitz | Calibra | Cascada | Commodore | Diplomat | Frontera | GT  | Insignia | Karl | Meriva | Kadett | Kapitän | Manta | Monterey | Monza | Olympia | Omega | Rekord | Senator | Signum | Sintra | Speedster | Tigra | Vectra | Zafira Tourer

Other websites 
 Opel's Corporate Website

1862 establishments
1860s establishments in Germany
General Motors
Automobile companies of Germany
Hesse
JAG (the American military acronym for Judge Advocate General) is an American legal, crime drama television show created by Donald P. Bellisario. It was on air between 1995 and 2005. The series is about the JAG officers Harmon "Harm" Rabb, Jr. (David James Elliott) and Sarah "Mac" MacKenzie (Catherine Bell) in Washington, D.C. In 2003, the series spawned the spin-off NCIS, which had the spin-offs called NCIS: Los Angeles and NCIS: New Orleans.

Actors 
 David James Elliott as Capt. Harmon Harm Rabb Jr.
 John M. Jackson as Rear Admiral (upper half) A. J. Chegwidden (1996–2004)
 Tracey Needham as Lieutenant. j.G. (junior Grade) Meg Austin (1995–1996)
 Catherine Bell as Lt. Colonel Sarah Mac MacKenzie (1997–2005)
 Patrick Labyorteaux as Lt. Commander. Bud Roberts Jr. (1997–2005)
 Karri Turner as Lieutenant Harriet Sims (1997–2005)
 Steven Culp as Clayton Webb
 Sibel Galindez as Lieutenant Elizabeth 'Skates' Hawkes

Other websites
Other websites 

 

1995 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American drama television series

Television series set in Washington, D.C.
English-language television programs
Burn, burning or burned can mean:
 Burn, injury to the skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation
 Burn (stream), in Scotland and north-eastern England, a type of stream which is smaller than a river
 Burn (computer game), a first-person shooter computer game released in 2007
 Burn, a village in North Yorkshire, England
 Burn and Burn Sugar Free, energy drinks by Coca-Cola
 Burn in, to exercise components (such as electronics) before putting them into service
 Burning, a self-sustaining thermonuclear (nuclear fusion) reaction
 Burning, the recording process for various technologies based on compact discs or DVDs
 Burning-in, a manipulation during photographic enlargement to darken selected areas of the final print
 Burned (image), an image with highlights or shadows considerably outside the medium's gamut
 Execution by burning, an execution by fire, usually by being burnt to death on a pyre
 Indian burn, common school prank also called a Chinese burn
In music
Bands:
 Burn (UK band), a heavy rock band from Loughborough, England
 Burn (U.S. band), a New York hardcore band
Albums:
 Burn (album), a 1974 album by Deep Purple
 Burn, a 1995 album by Sister Machine Gun
 Burn, a 2000 album by Jo Dee Messina
 Burnin, a 1970 album by The Wailers
 Burning, a 1999 EP by house DJ/producer Pépé Bradock
 Burned, a 1995 album by ElectrafixionSongs:'''
 "Burn" (Usher song), a song from Usher's 2004 album Confessions "Burn" (Nine Inch Nails song), a song by Nine Inch Nails found on the Natural Born Killers Soundtrack
 "Burn", a song by Rancid on the album Let's Go "Burn", a song The Cure featured on The Crow Soundtrack "Burn", a song by Shannon Noll on his 2004 album That's What I'm Talking About "Burn", a song by Mushroomhead on their 2006 album Savior Sorrow "Burn", a song by Alkaline Trio on their 2005 album Crimson "Burn", a song by Collective Soul found on their album Home