Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Party leaders 
 Lucien Bouchard (1991–1996) 
 Gilles Duceppe (1996) temporary 
 Michel Gauthier (1996–1997) 
 Gilles Duceppe (1997–2011) 
 Vivian Barbot (2011) temporary 
 Daniel Paillé (2011–2013) 
 Mario Beaulieu (2014–2015) 
 Gilles Duceppe (2015) 
 Rhéal Fortin (2015–2017) temporary 
 Martine Ouellet (2017–2018) 
 Mario Beaulieu (2018–2019) temporary
 Yves-François Blanchet (since 2019)

References

Other websites
 

Nationalist organizations in North America
Social democratic parties
Political parties of Quebec
1991 establishments in Canada
Angular Recording Corporation is an independent record label that was first based in New Cross, South East London.  It was started in June 2003 by two ex-Goldsmiths College students, Joe Daniel and Joe Margetts.

Artists

 Crystal Stilts
 Findo Gask
 Gyratory System

 Je Suis Animal
 Tim Key
 Klaxons

 The Lodger
 The Long Blondes
 Mitten

 Navvy
 These New Puritans
 The Violets

 David Westlake
 Wetdog

Angular Recording Corporation
2003 establishments in England
The Weather Makers: The History and Future Impact of Climate Change (2005) is a book by Tim Flannery.

The book includes 36 short essays predicting the consequences of global warming.  The book reviews the evidence about historical climate change and attempts to put our era into context.  The book asserts that if atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to increase at current rates, the resulting climate change will cause mass species extinctions.

The book received much critical acclaim, and has won a major literary prize.

References

Science books
Climate change
2005 books
Mumia is often used to speak about Mumia Abu-Jamal

Mumia (also pulvis mumiae, Mumia vera aegyptiaca) was a powder made from ground mummies. It was used as a drug, for good health, and as a coloring agent (a medium to dark brown) until the 1920s. Eating ground mumified corpses is a form of cannibalism.

The powder was said to work against almost any disease. To mummify a corpse, tar was used. It was said this tar had magical powers. It was also said to be an aphrodisiac. 

Withdrawn drugs
Nuclear or Not? Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future? is a 2007 book edited by Professor David Elliott.  The book offers various views on nuclear power. Authors include:

Paul Allen from the Centre for Alternative Technology
Dr Ian Fairlie, who served on the Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters (CERRIE)
Stephen Kidd of the World Nuclear Association

Professor Elliott calls for continued debate on the nuclear power issue.  He is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, and has developed courses on technological innovation, focusing in particular on renewable energy technology.

Related pages
Hiroshima (book)
Nuclear disasters
Chernobyl disaster
Nuclear accident
Mayak

References

Other websites
Non-nuclear sustainable energy futures for Germany and the UK

2007 books
Books about nuclear issues
Nuclear Nebraska: The Remarkable Story of the Little County That Couldn’t Be Bought () is a 2007 book by Susan Cragin which follows the controversy about a proposed low level nuclear waste dump which was planned for Boyd County, Nebraska. 
   
In 1989, two multinational corporations and several government agencies put forward a proposal for the waste dump and offered payment of $3 million a year for 40 years. However, the residents of the largely uneducated Boyd County farming community chose to resist the offer and controversy followed for almost two decades. During this time, the community was transformed "from a small group of isolated farmers to a defiant band of environmentalists".  The opposition of the community eventually succeeded, and the license to build the dump was denied.

References

Books about nuclear issues
Nuclear physics
2007 books
History of Nebraska
Hiroshima () is a magazine article written by Pulitzer Prize winner John Hersey that appeared in The New Yorker in August 1946, one year after the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The article was soon made into a book. It described how the bombing affected the lives of six individuals:
Reverend Mr. Kiyoshi Tanimoto: a Methodist minister educated in the United States at Emory University was 3,500 yards from the center of the explosion;
Mrs. Hatsuyo Nakamura: a war widow and seamstress, the mother of three young children was 1350 yards from the center of the explosion;
Dr. Masakazu Fujii: a prosperous doctor and owner of a private hospital was 1550 yards from the center of the explosion;
Father Wilhelm Kleinsorge (Makoto Takakura): a Jesuit priest stationed in the city was 1400 yards from the center of the explosion;
Dr. Terufumi Sasaki: a young doctor at the Red Cross hospital was 1650 yards from the center of the explosion; and
Each account is followed by a brief statement describing how close each person was to the center of the blast.

Related pages
Nuclear or Not?
Nuclear disasters

History books
Books about nuclear issues
Hiroshima
1940s books
1946 works‎
Melbourne has a long history of railway building. The city's first railway opened in 1854, when in 1834 the city itself did not exist. The network then grew as lines were built throughout the suburbs, reaching a peak by the 1900s. Electrification of the system was carried out from 1919, with electric multiple unit operation starting at the same time.

Public transport in Melbourne
Non-Nuclear Futures: The Case for an Ethical Energy Strategy is a 1975 book by Amory B. Lovins and John H. Price. The book says that the nuclear power debate is not about technical disputes but relates to different personal views (personal values).  The personal values that make a high-energy society work are all too apparent, and the values associated with an alternate view relate to thrift, simplicity, diversity, neighbourliness, craftsmanship, and humility.

Lovins and Price say that these two different sets of personal values lead to two very different policy paths relating to future energy supplies.  The first is high-energy nuclear, centralized, electric; the second is lower energy, non-nuclear, decentralized, less electrified, softer technology.

Related pages
Anti-nuclear movement
Nuclear-free zone
Rocky Mountain Institute
The Clean Tech Revolution

References

Books about nuclear issues
1975 books
The Clean Tech Revolution: The Next Big Growth and Investment Opportunity, is a 2007 book by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder.  They say that using clean technologies is a profitable enterprise that is moving steadily into mainstream business. Clean technologies are seen to be important for economic growth.

Pernick and Wilder highlight eight major clean technology areas: solar power, wind power, biofuels, green buildings, personal transportation, the smart grid, mobile applications (such as portable fuel cells), and water filtration. Very large corporations such as GE, Toyota and Sharp, and investment firms such as Goldman Sachs are spending billions of dollars on clean technology.

History of clean tech
Pernick and Wilder say that, in the 1970s, clean technology was considered “alternative”. Even at the start of the 21st century, the term clean tech was not yet widely used. But now, throughout much of the world, in trends large and small, there is "the beginning of a revolution that is changing the places where we live and work, the products we manufacture and purchase, and the development plans of cities, regional governments, and nations around the globe."

Clean technology trends

Pernick and Wilder highlight eight major clean technology sectors: solar power, wind power, biofuels, green buildings, personal transportation, the smart grid, mobile applications, and water filtration. The authors explain how investors, entrepreneurs, and individuals can profit from technological innovation in these areas.  Pernick and Wilder identify some specific clean technologies, companies, and regions that are leading the way.
The book also explains that nuclear power and clean coal are not clean technologies.  Apart from the risks associated with nuclear power, "multibillion-dollar nuclear plants are simply not cost-effective when compared with other energy sources." The authors also believe that clean coal is an oxymoron for a myriad of reasons, including the sheer number of coal mine-related deaths and the fact that coal-fired plants, even some cleaner ones, are major contributors to serious illnesses such as asthma, heart disease, and mercury poisoning.

Emerging clean tech cities are seen to include Copenhagen, where wind power generates 20 percent of Denmark's electricity, and Chicago, a leader in "green" buildings saving energy, heating and cooling costs.

Six C's

Pernick and Wilder identify six major forces, which they call the six C’s, that are pushing clean technology into the mainstream and driving rapid growth and expansion: costs, capital, competition, China, consumers, and climate.
Costs. "Perhaps the most powerful force driving today’s clean-tech growth is simple economics. As a general trend, clean-energy costs are falling as the costs of fossil fuel energy are going up. The future of clean tech is going to be, in many ways, about scaling up manufacturing and driving down costs."
Capital. "An unprecedented influx of capital is changing the cleantech landscape, with billions of dollars, euros, yen, and yuan pouring in from a myriad of public and private sector sources."
Competition. "Governments are competing aggressively in the highstakes race to dominate in the clean-tech sector and build the jobs of the future."
China. "Clean tech is being driven by the inexorable demands being placed on the earth not only by mature economies but also by the explosive demand for resources in China, India, and other developing nations. Their expanding energy needs are driving major growth in clean-energy, transportation, building, and water-delivery technologies." (See also, Renewable energy in China.)
Consumers. "Savvy consumers are demanding cleaner products and services that use resources efficiently, reduce costs, and embrace quality over quantity."
Climate. "The debate around climate change has gone from question mark to peer-reviewed certainty, and smart businesses are taking heed."
Quotes

"The solar-power market offers perhaps one of the greatest opportunities among its clean-tech peers. Not only is the worldwide solar market growing by 30% to 50% per year, but the same technologies that enabled the semiconductor and computer revolution are now being leveraged in the solar market." (p. 20)

"Wind energy has been expanding rapidly since the mid-1990s -- right up there with solar. From 1995 to 2006, global cumulative installed wind-power capacity expanded fifteenfold, from less than 5,000 MW to more than 74,000 MW." (p. 21)

"Today, Brazil gets more than 30% of its automobile fuels from sugar cane-based ethanol. In the United States, ethanol is nearly a 5-billion-gallon-a-year industry, on target to reach 7.5 billion gallons (about 5% of total gasoline consumption) around 2010. One of the greatest opportunities will lie in distilling fuels and creating materials from cellulosic nonfood crops such as switchgrass and jatropha." (p. 21)
"Today’s green buildings use some 30% less energy than their comparably sized nongreen counterparts (some save much more), and they’re generally brighter, healthier, and more aesthetically pleasing. Often built with little or no additional up-front cost, green offices, for instance, pay back not only in energy savings but also in greater employee retention, attendance, and productivity." (p. 21)

"Since 2003, hybrid cars have gone from a tiny speck on the automotive landscape to one of the U.S. vehicle market’s fastest growing segments. Toyota doubled its flagship hybrid car’s allocation in North America in 2005, to 100,000, and started building hybrids on U.S. assembly lines in 2006. By the end of 2006 there were some 15 hybrid models on showroom floors, including hybrid models for such popular vehicles as the Honda Civic and Accord and the Toyota Camry." (p. 4)

Recent developments
In a September 2007 article in Renewable Energy Access Wilder explains that, while some hurdles remain, the key solar trends mapped out in The Clean Tech Revolution—scaling up manufacturing and driving down costs—are coming to pass:

From the Nevada desert to the roofs of Wal-Mart stores to the legendary plains of Spain, solar is entering a bold, bright new era. Each week, solar seems to be winning new enthusiasts like Forbes, new investors of all stripes, and new large-scale business users like Wal-Mart, Macy's and Kohl's. Late last month, North Carolina Governor Mike Easley signed that state's first renewable portfolio standard into law, which includes a solar set-aside.
Ernst & Young and Dow Jones VentureOne have reported that investments in clean technology companies in the first half of 2007 have reached $1.1 billion. The research found that clean technology investments are poised to increase by more than 35% in 2007 compared with 2006. Very large corporations such as GE, Toyota and Sharp, and investment firms such as Goldman Sachs are now making multi-billion dollar investments in clean technology.

Related pages
Clean Edge
Wind farms
Solar power stations
Renewable energy commercialization
State of the World
Winning the Oil Endgame

References
References

Other websites
The Business Benefits of Going Green
Eco-millionaires see boom times ahead
Oil Imports and Oil Prices Drive United States to Increase Renewable Energy Capacity
Giving London the green light
Investor Confidence in Cleantech Grows
  CleanTech Venture Investments by US Firms Break Record in 2007
Solar energy 'revolution' brings green power closer
Green-tech investment topped $5 billion in 2007
Silicon Valley Rebounds, Led by Green Technology
Cafe Musings (or How Clean Tech is Becoming Ubiquitous)
Cleantech venture investments were $2 bln in Q2

Energy
Technology
Non-fiction books
2007 books
Green politics
The State of the World is a book published annually since 1984 by the Worldwatch Institute. The series attempts to identify the Earth’s most significant environmental challenges. The 1998 through 2003 editions are available as a free (PDF) download from the Worldwatch website .

Series of books
Science books
Environment
An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps.

Related pages
 Electricity

Electricity
Electricity distribution
Winning the Oil Endgame is a 2005 book by Amory B. Lovins,  published by the Rocky Mountain Institute.  It talks about four ways to reduce oil (petroleum) dependence in the United States:
Using oil more efficiently (pp. 29–102).
Substituting other liquids for oil (pp. 103–111).
Substituting saved natural gas for oil (pp. 111–122).
Replacing oil with hydrogen (pp. 228–242).

Problems and solutions

The authors suggest that oil dependence is a problem we need no longer have. U.S. oil dependence can be profitably eliminated by proven and attractive technologies. The authors argue that America can lead the world into the post-petroleum era and create a vibrant economy. (p.xiii)
The Author
Amory Lovins has published 28 books and hundreds of papers.  His work has been recognized by the Alternative Nobel, Onassis, Nissan, Shingo and Mitchell prizes, a MacArthur Fellowship, the Happold Medal, eight honorary doctorates, and the Heinz, Lindbergh, World Technology, and Hero of the Planet Awards. Lovins has also acted as a consultant to many Fortune 500 companies.

Related pages
Energy efficiency
Energy conservation
Peak oil
Renewable energy commercialization
Soft energy technology
Soft energy path

References

Other websites
 Winning the Oil Endgame presentation at MIT  - Video of Lovins.
  Amory Lovins: We must win the oil endgame (TED presentation)
  Winning the Oil Endgame - The Book Home Page - Read Free Online or Buy

Energy
Science books
2005 books
The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management is a 2008 book by Pat Hutchings, Mike Kingsford and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg. This comprehensive guide describes the organisms and ecosystems of Australia's Great Barrier Reef, as well as the biological, chemical and physical processes that influence them. Contemporary challenges such as climate change, coral bleaching, coral disease and coral reef fishing are also discussed. The book also includes a field guide to help people identify the common animals and plants on the reef. The book has many illustrations and contributions from 33 international experts.

References 

Biology books
Environment
2008 books
Betrayers of the Truth: Fraud and Deceit in the Halls of Science is a book written in 1983 by William Broad and Nicholas Wade. The book is asks questions about of some beliefs about what science is and the method used by scientists to do science.  The authors shows examples that have to do with how scientific research is done.  It talks about making up results and making up of whole experiments.

References

1983 books
Science books
David Suzuki: The Autobiography is the 2006 autobiography of Canadian science writer and broadcaster David Suzuki. The book focuses mostly on his life since the 1987 publication of his first autobiography, Metamorphosis: Stages in a Life. It begins with a chronological account of his childhood, academic years, and broadcasting career. In later chapters, Suzuki adopts a memoir style, writing about themes such as his relationship with Australia, his experiences in Brazil and Papua New Guinea, the founding of the David Suzuki Foundation, and his thoughts on climate change, celebrity status, technology, and death. Throughout, Suzuki highlights the continuing impact of events from his childhood.

This is Suzuki's forty-third book and, he says, his last. Critics have called the book candid, sincere, and charming, with insightful commentary if occasionally flat stories. Suzuki's scientific background is reflected in the writing's rational and analytic style.
Suzuki's autobiography spent four weeks at #1 on the Maclean's list of non-fiction best-sellers and six weeks at #6 on the Globe and Mail's list. The book won two awards in 2007: the Canadian Booksellers' Association's Libris Award for Non-Fiction Book of the Year and the British Columbia Booksellers' Choice Award. The publishers, Greystone Books and Douglas & McIntyre, won the CBA Libris Award for Marketing Achievement of the Year.

2006 books
Autobiographies
Environment
Amory Bloch Lovins is Chairman and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute.  For four decades he has worked in energy policy and related areas.
Lovins worked professionally as an environmentalist in the 1970s and since then as an analyst of a "soft energy path" for the United States and other nations. He has promoted energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources, and the generation of energy at or near the site where the energy is actually used.   Lovins has also promoted a "negawatt revolution" arguing that utility customers do not want kilowatt-hours of electricity; they want energy services.  In the 1990s, his work with Rocky Mountain Institute included the design of an ultra-efficient automobile, the Hypercar. 
 
Lovins has received ten honorary doctorates and won many awards. He has provided expert testimony in eight countries, briefed 19 heads of state, and published 29 books. These books include Winning the Oil Endgame, Small is Profitable, Factor Four, and Natural Capitalism. In 2009, Time magazine named Lovins as one of the world's 100 most influential people.
Related pages
Christopher Flavin
Energy conservation
Renewable energy commercialization
Joseph Romm
Mycle Schneider
World Nuclear Industry Status Report

Other websites
 The Rocky Mountain Institute's home page
 20 Hydrogen myths  - published by the Rocky Mountain Institute
 The Nuclear Illusion
 Lectures series on energy efficiency , March 2007
 The Volvo Environment Prize is awarded to Amory B. Lovins 
 Amory Lovins Profile Page 
The frugal cornucopian
 The Heinz Awards, Amory Lovins profile
 Congressional testimony on nuclear power 

Energy
Environment
American physicists
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
1947 births
Living people
Daniel Faulkner (1955 – 1981) was a Philadelphia police officer who was murdered on December 9, 1981. The suspect convicted of the murder was Mumia Abu-Jamal. The  circumstances surrounding the death led several activists to unsuccessfully protest for the convict's release from prison.

Faulkner was 25 years old at the time of his death.

References 

American murder victims
People from Philadelphia
American police officers
1955 births
1981 deaths

en:Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Mumia Abu-Jamal#Murder victim
Hansen studied astronomy and physics in the 1960s at the University of Iowa. He did scientific research on the atmospheres of other planets, and later Earth's atmosphere. Hansen was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1996 and he received a US$250,000 Heinz Environment Award
for his research on global warming in 2001. He was listed as one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the Time 100 (2006) list and, in 2007, he shared the US$1 million Dan David Prize. On April 5, 2008, Dr. Hansen received the PNC Bank Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service for his outstanding achievements in science.

Hansen posited in a 2007 paper that 350 ppm (parts per million) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a safe  upper limit to avoid a climate tipping point. The current record level is 389 ppm of CO2, an almost 40-percent increase from the pre-industrial revolution level of 278 ppm.  In 1988 the Earth's atmosphere surpassed the 350 ppm mark, while global  CO2 emissions per capita rose.
Hansens strong public opposition to the exploitation of oil sands and the :en:Keystone XL pipeline project created some controversy in the media. Storms of My Grandchildren is Hansen's first book about the climate change. In 2013, Hansen was co-author of an open letter saying "continued opposition to nuclear power threatens humanity's ability to avoid dangerous climate change."

References 

NASA
American physicists
Scientists from Iowa
1941 births
Living people
Brighton is a town of Greenfield Township, in LaGrange County, in the state of Indiana, in the United States.

References 

Unincorporated communities in Indiana
Tarzan is a 1999 animated movie based on Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel Tarzan of the Apes and made by The Walt Disney Company. It was the first Disney animated feature to start at #1 in the box office since Pocahontas. It was the first to have a production budget of $100 million since The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
Plot
A British couple and their baby son has survived a shipwreck. They become stranded off the African coast near uncharted jungles. The couple builds a treehouse to live in. They are later attacked and killed by a vicious leopard called Sabor. Meanwhile, a family of gorillas are travelling to their feeding grounds. One of them is Kala, whose own child was killed by the leopard. She hears the cries of the orphaned baby. She follows the sound across the jungle to the treehouse. She finds the child there. Sabor attacks her, but Kala and the baby escape without being hurt. They return to the gorilla family. Kala decides to raise the child as her own. She names him Tarzan. That makes her mate Kerchak angry. He tells her the baby will never replace the child they lost.
A gunshot is heard. While the others go into the jungle, Tarzan decides to investigate. He sees a team of human explorers. The group includes Professor Porter, his daughter Jane and their hunter guide Clayton. They are in Africa looking for gorillas. Jane gets separated from the group. She is attacked by a troop of baboons. Tarzan saves her from them. He discovers that Jane and he are the same-humans. They go back to Jane's camp. Terk, Tantor and some gorillas from the troop are looking for Tarzan. They find the human campsite. They use the various items in the camp as instruments, and slowly destroy it. Tarzan and Jane arrive at the camp. When  Clayton and Professor Porter get there, Tarzan goes with the gorillas into the jungle. Kerchak warns the other gorillas to stay away from the humans, but Tarzan says that the humans are not dangerous. He secretly continues his visits to the explorers. He learns about the human world. He and Jane fall in love.
Main cast
 Tony Goldwyn (Alex D. Linz, young) as Tarzan, an 18-year-old orphaned human raised by gorillas. 
 Minnie Driver as Jane Porter, the daughter of the professor and one of the explorers. She later falls in love with Tarzan. 
 Glenn Close as Kala, Kerchak's mate and Tarzan's adopted mother. 
 Lance Henriksen as Kerchak, Kala's mate and the leader of the gorillas whose ape child was killed by Sabor. He is later killed by Clayton.
 Brian Blessed as Clayton. An intelligent and impatient hunter attempting to capture the group of gorillas. 
 Nigel Hawthorne as Professor Archimedes Q. Porter, Jane's biologist father. 
 Rosie O'Donnell as Terk, Tarzan's adopted cousin and Kala's niece. 
 Wayne Knight as Tantor, a paranoid elephant and one of Tarzan's friends.
 Phil Proctor as English Captain
 Mickie McGowan as Terk's Mother
 Phil Proctor as Elephant #1
 Rodger Bumpass as Elephant #2
 Jack Angel as Monkey
 Danny Mann as Baby Babboon
Television 
A spin-off television animated series named The Legend of Tarzan ran from 2001 to 2003. The series picks up where the movie left off. Tarzan is adjusting to his new role as leader of the apes following Kerchak's death.

Sequels 
Direct-to-video sequels:
Tarzan & Jane, released on July 23, 2002
Tarzan II, released on June 14, 2005, prequel to Tarzan

Awards
Tarzan won the following awards:
 2000 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for the song "You'll Be in My Heart" by Phil Collins.
 2000 Academy Award for Best Song for the song "You'll Be In My Heart" by Phil Collins.
 2000 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.

Annie Awards
Tarzan was also nominated for 11 Annie Awards, winning one.

Release dates

References

Other websites
Other websites 
 

1999 movies
1999 animated movies
American family movies
1990s American musical movies
Disney animated movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in the 1880s
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Tarzan (Disney)
Tarzan movies
Movies directed by Chris Buck
The M3 is a motorway between Sunbury-on-Thames and Southampton in England. It links London with Southampton and Portsmouth, as well as South West England. It is about  long.

Junctions
{| style="margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; color:black; font-size:95%;" class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#0080d0; text-align:center; color:white; font-size:120%;"
| colspan="5" | M3 motorway junctions
|-
!scope=col|miles
!scope=col|km
!scope=col abbr="Northeastbound"|North-east bound exits (B carriageway)
!scope=col|Junction
!scope=col abbr="Southwestbound"|South-west bound exits (A carriageway)
|- align="center"
| 15.0||24.2
| Road continues as A316 to London
| rowspan="2"|J1
| Sunbury, Kingston A308Non-motorway traffic
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 15.3||24.6
| Sunbury, Kingston A308
| Start of motorway
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 21.3||34.2
| Gatwick Heathrow – M25 (M23), (M4)
| J2
| Gatwick, Heathrow (M23, M4) M25
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 28.1||45.2
| Woking, Bracknell, Camberley, Bagshot, Lightwater A322
| J3
| Woking, Camberley, Bracknell, Bagshot, Lightwater A322
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 32.6||52.5
| Guildford, Farnham, Camberley, Farnborough, Aldershot A331
| J4
| J4
| Guildford, Farnham, Camberley, Farnborough, Aldershot A331
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 34.4||55.4
| Fleet (A3013), Farnborough (West) A327
| J4a
| Fleet (A3013), Farnborough (West) A327
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
|
|Fleet services (Welcome Break) 
|Services
|Fleet services (Welcome Break)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 41.9||67.4
| Hook A287 B3349
| J5
| Hook A287 B3349
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 46.6||75.0
| Basingstoke, Reading (A33), Alton A339
| J6
| Basingstoke, Newbury, Reading, Alton A339
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 51.8||83.3
| Basingstoke A30
| J7
| Basingstoke A30
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 53.1||85.5
|  No access
| J8
| The South West, Andover, Salisbury, Exeter A303
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 59.9||96.4
|Winchester services (Moto) 
|Services
|Winchester services (Moto) 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 63.9||102.8
| The Midlands, Newbury A34 trunk road  Winchester A272, Alresford A31
| J9
| The Midlands, Newbury A34 trunk road  Winchester A272
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 65.2||105.0
| Winchester (City) B3330Alton, Alresford A31
| J10
|  No access
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 67.2||108.1
| Winchester A3090 Twyford B3335
| J11
| Winchester A3090Twyford B3335
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 70.0||112.6
| Eastleigh (North) A335
| J12
| Eastleigh (North), Chandler's Ford A335
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 71.8||115.6
| Eastleigh, Chandler's Ford A335
| J13
| Bournemouth M27(W) Eastleigh A335
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
|
| Start of motorway
| J14
| Southampton , Portsmouth M27(E)The West, Southampton Docks, Southampton A33
|-
|colspan=5|Notes
Distances in kilometres and carriageway identifiers are taken from driver location signs/location marker posts. Where a junction goes across several hundred metres and the data is available, both the start and finish values for the junction are shown. 
|-
The M2 motorway is a motorway between Strood and Faversham in England. It is used as a different way to get to Dover, other than the M20.

Junctions

References

Motorways in England
Junctions
{| style="margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; color:black; font-size:90%;" class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#0080d0; text-align:center; color:white; font-size:120%;"
| colspan="5" | M4 motorway
|-
!scope=col|mile
!scope=col|km
!scope=col abbr="Eastbound"|Eastbound exits (B carriageway)
!scope=col|Junction
!scope=col abbr="Westbound"|Westbound exits (A carriageway)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|7.3
|11.8
|Road continues as A4 to Central London
|J1
| Start of motorway
|- style="text-align:center;"
|8.38.5
|13.4  13.7
| North Circular A406South Circular A205Chiswick A315
|J2
| Staines, Hounslow, Brentford A4
|- style="text-align:center;"
|12.512.8
|20.120.6
|Heston services
|Services
|Heston services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|13.413.7
|21.5  22.1
| Heathrow  (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Hayes, Harrow, Hounslow A312
|J3
| Heathrow  (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Hayes, Harrow, Hounslow A312
|- style="text-align:center;"
|15.215.7
|24.5  25.2
| Heathrow  (Terminals 2 & 3) (A4) Uxbridge A408
|J4a
|J4a
| Heathrow  (Terminals 2 & 3) (A4) Uxbridge A408
|- style="text-align:center;"
|16.817.7
|27.0  28.5
| Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo) , Gatwick Airport , Watford (M3), (M23), (M40), (M1) M25
|J4b
| Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5&Cargo), Gatwick, Watford (M3), (M23), (M40), (M1), M25
|- style="text-align:center;"
|19.119.5
| 30.7 31.4
| Colnbrook, Langley, Slough (East) A4Eton, Datchet B470
| J5
| Colnbrook, Langley, Slough (East)  A4, Datchet B470
|- style="text-align:center;"
|22.923.2
| 36.8  37.4
| Slough (Central) A355Windsor A322
|J6
| Slough (Central) A355Windsor A322
|- style="text-align:center;"
|24.725.0
| 39.8  40.3
| Slough (West) A4
|J7
| Slough (West) A4
|- style="text-align:center;"
|27.828.2
| 44.7  45.4
| High Wycombe, Henley A404(M)Maidenhead A308(M)
|J8/9
| High Wycombe, Henley A404(M)Maidenhead A308(M)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|35.035.8
| 56.4  57.6
| Reading (East), Wokingham, Bracknell A329(M)
|J10
| Reading (East), Wokingham, Bracknell A329(M)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|40.641.2
|65.4 66.3
| Basingstoke, Reading (Central & South) A33
|J11
| Basingstoke, Reading (Central & South) A33
|- style="text-align:center;"
|43.543.8
|70.0 70.5
|Reading services
|Services
|Reading services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|45.345.7
| 72.9 73.5
| Reading (West), Theale A4
|J12
| Reading (West), Theale A4
|- style="text-align:center;"
|56.957.2
|91.5  92.1
| Newbury, Oxford A34Chieveley services (Moto)
|J13Services
| Newbury, Oxford A34Chieveley services (Moto) 
|- style="text-align:center;"
|64.464.8
|103.7  104.3
| Hungerford, Wantage A338
|J14
| Hungerford, Wantage A338
|- style="text-align:center;"
|68.7
|110.5
|Membury services
|Services
|Membury services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|76.477.1
|122.9  124.0
| Swindon (East) A419Marlborough A346Oxford (A420)
|J15
| Swindon A419, Marlborough A346
|- style="text-align:center;"
|82.482.8
|132.6  133.2
| Swindon (West), Royal Wootton Bassett, Wroughton, MoD Lyneham, Calne A3102
|J16
|J16
| Swindon (West), Royal Wootton Bassett, Wroughton, MoD Lyneham, Calne A3102
|- style="text-align:center;"
|94.895.3
|152.5  153.4
| Chippenham A350Cirencester A429
|J17
| Chippenham A350Cirencester A429
|- style="text-align:center;"
|96.7
|155.7
|Leigh Delamere services
|Services
|Leigh Delamere services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|104.9105.6
|168.8  170.0
| Bath, Stroud A46
|J18
| Bath, Stroud A46
|- style="text-align:center;"
|112.8113.2
|181.5  182.1
| Bristol M32
|J19
| Bristol M32
|- style="text-align:center;"
|115.8116.3
|186.3  187.2
| The SOUTH WEST, Bristol (West), The MIDLANDS, Gloucester, Bristol Airport , M5    
|J20Almondsbury Interchange
| The SOUTH WEST, Bristol (West) M5(S) The MIDLANDS, Gloucester M5(N)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|117.7189.5
|189.5  190.0
|No access
|J21
| Chepstow M48
|- style="text-align:center;"
|121.3121.6
|195.2  195.7
| Avonmouth M49
|J22
| Avonmouth M49
|- style="text-align:center;"
|121.7124.1
|195.9199.8
|Entry into England
| Second Severn Crossing
|Entry into Wales
|- style="text-align:center;"
|127.0
|204.4
| No toll plaza
| Bridge Toll
| style="background:#dcdcfe;"| Former Toll plaza (closed Dec 2018)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|129.2
|208.0
| Chepstow M48
|J23
|No access
|- style="text-align:center;"
|131.4132.2
|211.4212.8
| Magor, Caldicot A4810Magor services
|J23A  Services
| Magor, Caldicot A4810 Magor services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|134.8135.6
|217.0218.3
| City centre A48Newport (East) B4237Monmouth A449The MIDLANDS (M50)
|J24
| City centre A48Newport (East) B4237Monmouth A449
|- style="text-align:center;"
|137.9
|222.0
|No access
|J25
| Caerleon B4596
|- style="text-align:center;"
|138.3
|222.6
|No access
|J25A
| Newport, Cwmbran A4042
|- style="text-align:center;"
|138.8139.1
|223.4223.8
|Brynglas Tunnels
|Tunnel
|Brynglas Tunnels
|- style="text-align:center;"
|139.1139.5
|223.8224.5
| Newport, Cwmbran, Caerleon A4051
|J26
| Newport A4051
|- style="text-align:center;"
|140.8141,4
|226.6227.6
| High Cross B4591
|J27
|J27
| High Cross B4591
|- style="text-align:center;"
|142.0142.9
|228.5230.0
| Newport A48Risca, Brynmawr A467
|J28
| Newport A48Risca, Brynmawr A467
|- style="text-align:center;"
|143.6
|231.1
|No access
|J29
| Cardiff (East and South) A48(M)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|146.6147.3
|236.0237.0
| Cardiff (East) A4232Cardiff Gate services
|J30  Services
| Cardiff (East) A4232Cardiff Gate services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|151.9244.5
|244.5246.1
| Merthyr Tydfil, Cardiff A470
|J32
| Cardiff (North), Merthyr Tydfil A470
|- style="text-align:center;"
|155.4156.0
|250.1251.1
| Cardiff (West), Barry, Penarth A4232Cardiff Airport Cardiff West services
|J33Services
| Cardiff (West), Barry, Penarth A4232Cardiff Airport Cardiff West services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|157.5158.1
|253.5254.4
| Llantrisant, Rhondda A4119Royal Glamorgan Hospital
|J34
| Llantrisant, Rhondda A4119Royal Glamorgan Hospital
|- style="text-align:center;"
|163.9164.4
|263.7264.5
| Pen-coed A473
|J35
| Bridgend, Pen-coed A473
|- style="text-align:center;"
|167.5168.3
|269.6270.8
| Bridgend A4061Maesteg A4063Princess of Wales HospitalSarn Park services
|J36Services
| Bridgend A4061Maesteg A4063Princess of Wales HospitalSarn Park services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|172.8173.5
|278.1279.3
| Pyle, Porthcawl A4229
|J37
| Porthcawl, Pyle A4229
|- style="text-align:center;"
|177.0177.3
|284.9285.3
| Port Talbot A48
|J38
| Port Talbot A48
|- style="text-align:center;"
|178.3
|286.9
|No access (on-ramp only)
|J39
|No access
|- style="text-align:center;"
|179.7179.9
|289.2289.6
| Port Talbot A4107
|J40
| Port Talbot A4107
|- style="text-align:center;"
|180.9181.3
|291.1291.8
| Port Talbot A48
|J41
| Briton Ferry A48
|- style="text-align:center;"
|183.9184.9
|295.9297.3
| Briton Ferry A48Swansea (South) A483
|J42
| Swansea (South) A483
|- style="text-align:center;"
|184.9185.7
|297.5298.8
| Neath, Merthyr Tydfil A465
|J43
| Neath, Merthyr Tydfil A465
|- style="text-align:center;"
|187.0187.4
|300.9301.6
| Swansea (East) A48
|J44
|J44
| Swansea (East) A48
|- style="text-align:center;"
|188.8189.3
| 303.9304.7
| Pontardawe, Swansea (North) A4067
|J45
| Pontardawe, Swansea (North) A4067
|- style="text-align:center;"
|190.8191.4
| 307.0308.0
| Llangyfelach B4489FelindreMorriston Hospital
|J46
| Llangyfelach B4489FelindreMorriston Hospital
|- style="text-align:center;"
|192.4193.1
|309.6310.7
| Swansea (West) A483Gorseinon A48Swansea services
|J47Services
| Swansea (West) A483Gorseinon A48Swansea services
|- style="text-align:center;"
|196.4197.1
|316.0317.2
| Pontarddulais, Llanelli A4138
|J48
| Pontarddulais, Llanelli A4138
|- style="text-align:center;"
|199.2
| 320.6
| Start of motorway
|J49TerminusServices
| Motorway terminates at a roundabout:Carmarthen A48Ammanford, Llandeilo A483Pontarddulais A48Pont Abraham services
|-
References

Coordinates

Motorways in England
Motorways in Wales
Sunbury-on-Thames is a town in Surrey, England, UK. It is not far from the border with Greater London. It is where the M3 motorway starts.

Towns in Surrey
Olive-backed forest robin (Stiphrornis pyrrholaeumus) (Turdinae) is a bird discovered recently in Gabon. Hall et Moreau recognized as monotypic species merged in Forest Robin, type species S.erythrothorax, and the recent studies confirm this arrangement, i.e. the genetic distance between the two taxa does not deserve species status.

Websites 
 Top ten new organisms of 2008
 Forest Robin

Passeri
Birds of Africa
A conspiracy theory is a story that says that a group of people ("conspirators") have agreed ("conspired") to do illegal or evil things and hide them from the public. Conspiracy theories usually have little or no evidence. Many conspiracy theories say that certain historical events were actually caused by such conspirators.

Examples
Some conspiracy theories are about the: Apollo moon landing, the 9/11 attacks, the existence of UFO's, the assassination of JFK and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Other examples not relating to specific events are the Illuminati, Freemasonry-related conspiracy theories, and chemtrails.
There are different kinds of conspiracy theory. some cases are straightforward. They pretend to explain events to which we do know the real cause, or for which there is no specific cause. We now know all we are ever going to know about the 9/11 attacks and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Likewise, that the Earth is round (as opposed to flat) has so much evidence that denying it is simply irrational.

Their growth 
There has been a growth in recent years in conspiracy theories proposed on the internet. Conspiracy theories once limited to fringe audiences have become common in mass media, and particularly on the internet. Conspiracy emerged as a cultural phenomenon in the United States of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
It is worth remembering that conspiracy theorists get paid by websites according to how many viewers they attract. Websites that seem free to the user are paid for by adverts, usually quite harmless, though they may be annoying. The point is that the people who put up the individual articles get paid once the number of viewers is over a certain qualifying number.

David Grimes has calculated that it takes at least three years to expose a conspiracy on the internet, depending on the number of people involved. Many conspiracies would be exposed in between three and four years.

References
Backlash was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment, which started in 1999 and was held in April (but in 2005, it was held in May). From 2004 to 2006, only WWE Raw superstars appeared at Backlash.

The 2007 event was the first WWE PPV event since Judgment Day 2003 (other than Wrestlemania, Summerslam, Royal Rumble, and Survivor Series) to feature all three brands (Raw, SmackDown! and ECW) after WWE stopped with brand-only events.

The last Backlash PPV was in 2009. It was replaced by Extreme Rules in 2010.

Events

Other websites 
 Official Backlash Website
 Backlash results at Prowrestlinghistory.com

 
1999 establishments
2009 disestablishments
Judgment Day (2003) took place on May 18 2003 at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was the last pay-per-view starring both brands before WWE started having brand only PPVs.

Results

2003 in professional wrestling
Sports in Charlotte, North Carolina
WWE Judgment Day
Prichard is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, in the United States.

References 

Cities in Alabama
1925 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Alabama
Prattville is a city in Autauga and Elmore counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Autauga County.  As of the 2020 Census, the population of the city is 37,781.  The city is northwest of Montgomery.

Tornado
On February 17, 2008, Prattville was hit by an estimated EF3 tornado which destroyed more than 45 homes and businesses and damaged over 800.

Notable residents
 John Martin, Author Travel and History
 Rodger Morrison, Author and Researcher
 Marlon Anderson, Major League Baseball player
Evan Crawford, Major League Baseball player
 Bobby Jon Drinkard, contestant on Reality television shows Survivor: Palau and Survivor: Guatemala
 Roman Harper, NFL player.
 Wilson Pickett (March 18, 1941 – January 19, 2006), R&B and soul singer and songwriter
 Kevin Turner,  NFL player

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Pleasant Grove is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 9,544.

This town is not to be confused with Pleasant Groves.

References

Cities in Alabama
Pinson is a city and a northeast suburb of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,215.

References

Cities in Alabama
Pike Road is a town in Montgomery County, Alabama, in the United States.  As of 2020, the population of the city is 9,439.

References

Towns in Alabama
Settlements in Montgomery County, Alabama
Piedmont is a city in Calhoun and Cherokee counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.  The population was 4,787 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

On March 27, 1994, a F4 tornado struck here, destroying the Goshen United Methodist Church and killing 22 people including the groom's 4-year-old daughter.

References

Cities in Alabama
Pell City is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. The city is the county seat of St. Clair County along with Ashville. At the 2020 census the population was 12,939.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Pelham is a city and suburb of Birmingham in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 24,318. It was named for famed American Civil War officer John Pelham.

Related pages
Death of Tina Watson, a Pelham, Alabama woman whose drowning in 2003 became world news

References

Cities in Alabama
Phenix City is a city in Lee County and Russell County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is across the Chattahoochee River from Columbus, Georgia.

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Class 139 is the TOPS classification for PPM60 model lightweight railcar units built by Parry People Movers for use on the national rail network in Great Britain.  The class were originally built in 2008 for operation on the Stourbridge Town Branch Line.

References

139
Enon is an American indie rock band. They are named after Enon, a village in Ohio. Enon has three members, one man who sings and plays electric guitar and a woman who plays bass guitar and keyboard. The third member plays drums. The woman was born in Japan and lives now in America. The guitarist played before in the band Brainiac.

Discography

Albums 
1998 Long Play
1999 Believo!
2002 High Society
2003 Hocus Pocus
2004 Onhold
2005 Lost Marbles and Exploded Evidence (compilation album + DVD set)
2007 Grass Geysers...Carbon Clouds

Singles 
1998 "Fly South"
1999 "Motor Cross"
2001 "Listen (While You Talk)"
2001 "Marbles Explode"
2001 "The Nightmare Of Atomic Men"
2002 Enon [Self-Titled]
2002 "Drowning Appointment"
2003 "In This City"
2003 "Evidence"
2003 "Because Of You"
2003 "Starcastic"

Other websites 
The website of Enon
1999 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
1990s establishments in New York (state)
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2011 disestablishments in the United States
2010s disestablishments in New York (state)
American rock bands
Indie bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 1999
Musical groups from New York City
Enon is a village in Clark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,638 at the 2000 census.

People who live there
Gus Grissom - astronaut who got the Congressional Space Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart medal.

References 

Villages in Ohio
Port Vale Football Club are an English football club currently playing in Football League Two. They are based in Burslem, Staffordshire — one of six towns that make up the city of Stoke-on-Trent. The club's rivals in the city are Stoke City, games between the two clubs are known as the "Potteries derby". Games against Crewe Alexandra are also called a derby, although Alex are in south Cheshire.

Port Vale are not named after a place, which is unusual for an English league clubs. The two symbols on the clubs badge are a bottle kiln and the Stafford knot.

Name 
 1876-1911 Burslem Port Vale F.C.
 1911-present Port Vale F.C.

Stadiums

The Old Recreation Ground 
The Rec was Port Vale's home from 1913 to 1950. The Old Recreation Ground was in Hanley and stood on what is now the car park for the Potteries Shopping Centre.

Vale Park 

Vale Park has been Port Vale's home ground since 1950. Vale Park has a capacity of around 22,000.
Vale Park is not the oldest ground in the world, it has had several upgrades in its history. The original ground consisted of two stands (The Railway side and the Lorne Street main stand) with banks of terracing at the Bycars and Hamil ends of the ground. Stands were added behind each set of goals during the 1980s and 1990s as the ground began to be made more modern. The paddock at the front of the Railway Stand was also made into an all-seated area, with just the Lorne Street side now being left as a standing area. Vale fans stood for the last time on Lorne Street at the end of the 1997-98 season, with the stand being demolished before work began on a new £3,000,000 structure. Work has yet to been finished on this, due to low funds and a change in ownership of the club. However, once new owners V2001 had taken care of the financing, work was finally begun on finishing the second half of the stand. It is due to be completed sometime in 2008.

Robbie Williams
Robbie Williams 

Among the club's famous fan base is singer Robbie Williams, who was raised in Stoke-on-Trent. He is now a major shareholder, having, in February 2006, bought £240,000 worth of the £250,000 worth of available shares in the club. Castle Comfort Stairlifts, the club's sponsors, at the same time bought the remainder for £10,000.

"Although I can't be at the Vale often, my investment is just to say that my heart is still there and I'm a huge supporter. I'm really excited about what we may be able to do with the club in the future." Robbie Williams speaking in 2006.

For the computer game FIFA 2000, he provided an original theme song with It's Only Us, on the condition that Port Vale were included in the game, which they were, and are in the Rest of World section. This song was also featured on the only FIFA Soundtrack CD release by EMI.

In 2005 Williams founded Los Angeles Vale F.C., a Super Metro League team in the United States, named for Port Vale and based at his L.A. home.