Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
There are two groups of Old World vultures.  The first group has the Egyptian vulture, bearded vulture, and palm-nut vulture. Some scientists put this group into a separate subfamily called "Gypaetinae", which means "eagle-vultures". It is related to the group of bazas, honey-buzzards and cuckoo-hawks, which are much smaller birds.  The second group has all the other species.  It is related to the booted eagles, which is a group of eagles that have feathers on their legs down to their toes.  

The palm-nut vulture is unusual, because it feeds mainly on the fruit of the oil palm.

Species

Subfamily Gypaetinae 

Genus Gypaetus
 Lammergeier or bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus
Genus Neophron
 Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
Genus Gypohierax
 Palm-nut vulture, Gypohierax angolensis

Subfamily Aegypiinae
Genus Aegypius
 Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus
Genus Gyps
 Griffon vulture, Gyps fulvus
 White-rumped vulture, Gyps bengalensis
 Rüppell's vulture, Gyps rueppelli
 Indian vulture, Gyps indicus
 Slender-billed vulture, Gyps tenuirostris
 Himalayan vulture, Gyps himalayensis
 White-backed vulture, Gyps africanus
 Cape vulture, Gyps coprotheres
Genus Necrosyrtes
 Hooded vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus
Genus Sarcogyps
 Red-headed vulture, Sarcogyps calvus
Genus Torgos
 Lappet-faced vulture, Torgos tracheliotus
Genus Trigonoceps
 White-headed vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis

Vultures
Kites are raptors.  They have long wings and weak legs.  They spend most of the time soaring. Most feed mainly on carrion.  Some take live prey.

They are birds of prey which, along with hawks  and eagles, are from the family Accipitridae.
Species list 
  Subfamily Elaninae
 Genus Elanus
 Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus 
 Black-shouldered kite, Elanus axillaris 
 White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus
 Letter-winged kite, Elanus scriptus
 Genus Chelictinia
 Scissor-tailed kite, Chelictinia riocourii
 Genus Machaerhamphus
 Bat hawk, Machaerhamphus alcinus
 Genus Gampsonyx
 Pearl kite, Gampsonyx swainsonii
 Genus Elanoides
 Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus
 Subfamily Milvinae
 Genus Harpagus
 Double-toothed kite, Harpagus bidentatus
 Rufous-thighed kite, Harpagus diodon
 Genus Ictinia
 Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis
 Plumbeous kite, Ictinia plumbea
 Genus Rostrhamus
 Snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis
 Genus Helicolestes
 Slender-billed kite, Helicolestes hamatus - formerly in Rostrhamus
 Genus Haliastur
 Whistling kite, Haliastur sphenurus
 Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus
 Genus Milvus
 Red kite, Milvus milvus
 Cape Verde kite, Milvus (milvus) fasciicauda - extinct (2000)
 Black kite, Milvus migrans
Black-eared kite, Milvus (migrans) lineatus
 Yellow-billed Kite, Milvus (migrans) aegyptius
 Genus Lophoictinia
 Square-tailed kite, Lophoictinia isura
 Genus Hamirostra
 Black-breasted buzzard, Hamirostra melanosternon
A few of the Perninae are also called kites.

 Grey-headed kite, Leptodon cayanensis
 White-collared kite, Leptodon forbesi
 Hook-billed kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus

Accipitriformes
A buzzard in biology is a member of the genus Buteo. In general talk it may be one of several large birds.

Old World
In the Old World buzzard can mean:
 One of several  medium-sized, wide-ranging raptors with a robust body and broad wings.
 In particular, those in the genus Buteo. In the Old World, members of this genus are called "buzzards", but "hawk" may be more common in North America.
 Specifically, in Europe, the common buzzard is Buteo buteo. Most people call this bird a 'buzzard'.
 Any other raptor with the word buzzard as part of its name.

New World
In the New World 'buzzard' may mean:
 A vulture.  Mostly the American black vulture and turkey vulture.  It may be used as a general name for vultures.
 In parts of the United States where they are thought to be a pest, the name is used in a bad way to mean a bird of prey.  Mostly it is used for the Cooper's hawk, the sharp-shinned hawk the red-tailed hawk or the duck hawk.
Buteo species
Scientifically, these are all buzzards.
 Common buzzard (Buteo buteo)
 Steppe buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus)
 Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
 Long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus)
 Rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus)
 Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)
 Red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus)
 Broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus )
 Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni)
 Roadside hawk (Buteo magnirostris)
 Ridgway's hawk (Buteo ridgwayi)
 White-rumped hawk (Buteo leucorrhous)
 Short-tailed hawk (Buteo brachyurus)
 White-throated hawk (Buteo albigula)
 White-tailed hawk (Buteo albicaudatus)
 Galápagos hawk (Buteo galapagoensis)
 Red-backed hawk (Buteo polyosoma)
 Puna hawk (Buteo poecilochrous)
 Gray hawk (Buteo nitidus)
 Zone-tailed hawk (Buteo albonotatus )
 Hawaiian hawk (Buteo solitarius)
 Rufous-tailed hawk (Buteo ventralis)
 Mountain buzzard (Buteo oreophilus)
 Madagascar buzzard (Buteo brachypterus)
 Upland buzzard (Buteo hemilasius)
 Red-necked buzzard (Buteo auguralis)
Augur buzzard, Buteo augur
 Archer's buzzard, Buteo archeri
 Jackal buzzard (Buteo rufofuscus)
Other species known as "buzzard" 
 Black-breasted buzzard (Hamirostra melanosternon)
 Lizard buzzard (Kaupifalco monogrammicus)
 Grasshopper buzzard (Butastur rufipennis)
 White-eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa)
 Rufous-winged buzzard (Butastur liventer)
 Grey-faced buzzard (Butastur indicus)
 Black-chested buzzard-eagle (Geranoaetus melanoleucus)
The honey-buzzards, genus Pernis, look something like Buteo buzzards.  They feed on wasp nests and larvae.
 European or Eurasian Honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus)
 Oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus)
 Barred honey-buzzard (Pernis celebensis)
Other genus of honey buzzards
 Black honey buzzard (Henicopernis infuscatus)
 Long-tailed honey buzzard (Henicopernis longicauda)

Accipitriformes
The sacred kingfisher (Todiramphus sanctus) is a medium sized woodland kingfisher.  

They live in mangroves, woodlands, forests, and river valleys in Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of the western Pacific. In New Zealand the species is also known by its Māori name Kōtare.

The sacred kingfisher is mostly turquoise, with white underparts and collar feathers. Both sexes are similar.  The females are usually more dull colored. Juveniles have rusty-brown edges on the collar and underparts. The bird is  long.  They feed on insects, small crustaceans, fish, small rodents and reptiles. Usually, a bird will sit on a low branch and wait for prey to pass by. It swoops down to grab the prey and returns to its perch to eat, much like a hawk.

Once a pair of birds has mated, both members of the pair dig the nest.  The nest is usually on a burrow in a river bank or a large, empty branch. The female lays about five eggs.  Both birds incubate the eggs and take care of the young.

References
References 

Birds of Australia
Coraciiformes
Birds of Oceania
Birds of Indonesia
William Robinson "Bill" Finnegan (June 29, 1928 in Kansas City, Missouri  November 28, 2008 in Sag Harbor, New York) was an American television and movie producer who is well known for his works in The Fabulous Baker Boys, Hawaii Five-O, and Reality Boys. He was a five time Emmy Award nominee. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri on June 29, 1928. He died from Parkinson's disease in Sag Harbor, New York on November 28, 2008, aged 80.

Television movies
 Summer of Fear (1978)
 The Ordeal of Patty Hearst (1979)
 The $2.50 an Hour Dream (1980)
 World War III (1982)
 The Dollmaker (1984)
 Amos (1985)
 The Atlanta Child Murders (1985)
 Circle of Violence (1986)
 Hoover (1987)

Movies
 Support Your Local Gunfighter (1971)
 North Shore (1987)
 The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989)
 White Palace (1990)
 The Babe (1992)
 CrissCross (1992)
 Reality Bites (1994)
 Ed (1996)

Television
 Hawaii Five-O (1977)
 The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd (1987)
 Northern Exposure (1990  1995)

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

1928 births
2008 deaths
Businesspeople from Kansas City, Missouri
American movie producers
American television producers
Operation Barbarossa (, named after Frederick I) was the code name for the European Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. It began on 22 June 1941. More than 3 million men attacked along the 2,900 km front, which made it the largest military invasion in human history. It also involved 600,000 motor vehicles and 750,000 horses.

In the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact of 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other. Planning for the German surprise attack started in December 1940. The attack was to start on May 15, and its main objective was to destroy the Soviet military power. Some Nazi ideological goals were included, as were Soviet deposits of natural resources, which would be helpful to keep fighting the war against the Allies.

Even though the Soviet Red Army suffered huge losses, the attack did not complete its objectives. The Germans held some of the most important economic areas of the Soviet Union, mainly in Ukraine. However, the Germans were pushed back from Moscow.
The German attack opened the Eastern Front, which in Russia is called the "Great Patriotic War". In the following years Axis powers could not do another attack as large and long as Operation Barbarossa.

Related pages 

 Eastern Front (World War II)

Operation Barbarossa was the largest military operation in human history by the number of men involved and by the number of people who died. The operation opened a theatre in which more men were involved than any other in history.

References 

Operation
Operation
Battles involving the Soviet Union
Battles involving Germany
European battles of World War II
Hoxne (pronounced 'Hoxen') is an ancient village in Suffolk, England, about five miles (8 km) east-southeast of Diss, Norfolk

The area around the village is of great archaeological significance. 
It was one of the first places where flint hand axes were found (late 18th century). John Frere [17401807], who lived at Roydon Hall in Diss, was the first person to recognise and write about the hand axes. He wrote a letter to the Society of Antiquaries. In this letter he connected the flints to strata in the site of an interglacial lake, part of the Hoxnian interglacial.  
It is the archaeological type site for the Hoxnian Stage or Hoxnian interglacial. The Hoxnian Stage is a middle Pleistocene stage of the geological history of the British Isles. It is equivalent to Marine Isotope Stage 11, which started 424,000 years ago and ended 374,000 years ago.
It is the find-spot of the Hoxne Hoard of Roman treasure.
The village is also home to The Swan Inn. The Swan occupies a 15th Century, Grade II listed lodge, formerly known as Bishops Lodge. This pub is set at the bottom end of the village green, near Saint Edmund's memorial and bridge. Built in 1480 by the Bishop of Norwich, The Swan has a long history; both the restaurant and bars reflect Hoxne's ecclesiastical past, with ornate ceiling beams and wide-planked floors.

References 

Mid Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Archaeological sites in Suffolk
In biology, a type is a specimen, or example, of a specific living thing or taxon, which is a group of specific living things.  For example, if a scientist catches one frog that is not any species of frog already known, then that frog is the type of a new species of frog. That species will have a new scientific name. In older English writings from before 1900, plant scientists used the word type for groups of specific living things instead of specimens.

A taxon is a group of living things with a scientific name. Taxons can be small or large.  A species is a taxon.  A genus is a taxon.  A kingdom is a taxon. Taxons are based on detailed, published descriptions and on type material.  Scientists show the type material to other scientists so tehy can study it.  They usually do this by putting the material in museums' research collections.
Type specimen
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) make rules for type specimens.  In these rules, the scientific name of every taxon is almost always based on just one specimen. Types are usually specimens that are kept in a museum or herbarium research collection.  These types are usually whole organisms in a preservative, for example alcohol. Sometimes they are just pictures of the organisms. Describing species and appointing type specimens is part of scientific nomenclature and alpha taxonomy.

Depending on the naming code for the organism, a type can be a specimen, a culture, a drawn picture, or (for bacteria) a description.
For example, in the research collection of the Natural History Museum in London, there is a bird specimen numbered 1886.6.24.20. This is the specimen for the spotted harrier, Circus assimilis. This specimen is the holotype for that species; the name Circus assimilis is, by definition, the species of that particular specimen.

Scientists do not need to make sure that the specimen they use as a type is a "typical" individual in that taxon. The type can be a different color from other members of its taxon.  It can be deformed or different.

The use of the term type is complicated because botany and zoology use it differently. In the PhyloCode, type-based definitions are replaced by phylogenetic definitions.

Type locality

The type locality is the place where the scientists found the type specimen.

Older words
In some older books about taxonomy, writers use the word "type" differently. Some use it to mean "taxon."

Related pages
Type species
Other websites
 ICZN Code: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the official website
 Fishbase Glossary section (archived)
 A compendium of terms (archived)
  Zoological Type Nomenclature (Evenhuis) (PDF)

References

Biology
Taxonomy
The term type species is used in the scientific naming of living things, and is part of a system using a so-called "type".

The type system is central to the scientific naming of living things (organisms). How exactly it works is different depending on exactly what living thing is considered, but in a very general (and imprecise) sense it may be said that it fixes each name to a particular specimen, the type specimen. This helps in finding out what particular name is to be used for a particular living thing (or a group of living things, a taxon). There are international Codes of nomenclature which set out exactly how types are to be designated and used.

For animals, the type species of a genus (or subgenus) is the type of that genus (or subgenus). The species (hopefully) has a specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) as its type, so the type species is the link between a genus (or subgenus) and a type specimen.
For algae, fungi and plants, it is different: the type species of a genus is the species that has the same type (specimen or illustration) as the genus. For example, Malus sylvestris, the European Wild Apple, is the type species of the genus Malus. Thus, for algae, fungi and plants, a type species plays no great role; it is not an official term, but only a term of convenience.

Notes 

Taxonomy
In archaeology, a type site (or type-site, or typesite) is a site that is typical of a particular archaeological culture. A type site contains artifacts which are typical of that culture. Type sites are often the first or foundational site discovered about the culture they represent. 

For example, the type site of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture is Jericho, in the West Bank. The type site of the pre-celtic/Celtic Bronze Age Hallstatt culture is the lakeside village of Hallstatt, Austria.

In geology the term is used similarly for a site considered to be typical of a particular rock formation, etc. The use of this term is similar to that of the type specimen in biology. 

Archaeology
Geology
A sportsperson, also known as sportsmen or sportswomen, is a person who is involved in sports.  It may mean someone who is known for the promotion of sport or athletic activities.  

A sportsperson can be a man or a woman who is person trained to compete or interested in a sport involving physical strength, speed or endurance.  A sportsman is a player  in a sport; but the term also means someone who plays sport in a way that shows respect and fairness towards the opposing player or team. 

The term sportsman can also be used to describe a former competitor who continues to promote the sport in later years.  For example, Tsunekazu Takeda is a sportsman who competed in two Summer Olympic Games and who was the President of the Japanese Olympic Committee before he was elected to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2012.
Sportspeople may be professionals or amateurs.    Sportsmen and sportswomen often have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen, but term is also used more broadly.  For example, Hou Yifan was honored in 2011 as the best sportsperson of the year in a non-Olympic event.

The term athlete may be used as a synonym for sportspeople in general, but the word  has strong connotations of people who compete in team sports, as contrasted with other sporting types such as horse riding and driving. For example, a fisherman may be called a sportsman, but not an athlete.  In British English (as well as other variants in the Commonwealth) athlete can also have a more specific meaning of people who compete in traditional athletics (track and field) events.
Olympic games
The term "World's Greatest Athlete" was first to describe the sportsman Jim Thorpe in the 1912 Summer Olympics at Stockholm in Sweden. Thorpe won the gold medal in the decathlon.  When King Gustav V of Sweden awarded Thorpe, he said, "You, sir, are the greatest athlete in the world." 

The title of "World's Greatest Athlete" traditionally belongs to the world's top competitor in the decathlon (males) and heptathlon (females) in track and field. These competitions require an sportsman to possess the whole spectrum of athletic ability in order to be successful including speed, strength, coordination, jumping ability, and endurance.

Related pages
 Olympic games
 Arjuna Award
 Sportsmanship

References
Salt-n-Pepa are an American hip hop trio. They started in New York City in 1985. Among their hit singles are None of Your Business, Whatta Man, Push It and You Showed Me. The group have gone through several lineup changes since their starting. They released their first album Hot, Cool & Vicious in 1986. "None of Your Business" won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 1995.

1985 establishments in New York (state)
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
African-American musical groups
American rap music groups
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups from New York City
The Volkswagen Bora is a car produced by Volkswagen. It replaced the Vento in 1998, and was replaced by the Jetta in 2005.

Engines 
 1.4 16V 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.6 74 kW (100 hp) and 75 kW (102 hp)
 1.6 16V 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.6 FSI 81 kW (110 hp)
 1.8 20V 92 kW (125 hp)
 1.8 T 110 kW (147 hp) and 132 kW (180 hp)
 2.0 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.3 V5 110 kW (150 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
 2.8 VR6 150 kW (204 hp)
 1.9 SDI 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.9 TDI 66 kW (90 hp), 74 kW (100 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 85 kW (115 hp), 96 kW (130 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)

Bora
Front wheel drive vehicles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
The Audi 80 was a car produced by Audi from 1972 to 1994. It was replaced by the Audi A4.

80
Front wheel drive vehicles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
is a sportswoman.  She is best known as a archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

Career
Kanie was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

This was Japan's first Olympic medal in any team archery event.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Ren Hayakawa
 Kaori Kawanaka

References 

1988 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Japanese archers
People from Gifu Prefecture
is a female Japanese sportswoman.  She is best known as an archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

Career
Kawanaka was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

This was Japan's first Olympic medal in any team archery event.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Ren Hayakawa
 Miki Kanie

References 

1991 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Japanese archers
|}

 is a Japanese gymnast.

He is the son of Hiroyuki Kato who is the Olympic team coach for gymnastics.

Career
Kato was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Kazuhito Tanaka
 Yusuke Tanaka
 Kōhei Uchimura
 Koji Yamamuro

References

Other websites
  Ryohei Kato at London2012.com

1993 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese gymnasts
Nestor Gastón Carbonell (born December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York) is an American television and movie actor. He is known for playing Richard Alpert in Lost, and for playing Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight (2008) and in The Dark Knight Rises (2012). He is also known for his role in Suddenly Susan, and as Batmanuel in The Tick.

Carbonell was born on December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York to a Spanish family. Carbonell was educated at Harvard University. He has been married to Shannon Kenny since 2001. They have two children together.

Filmography
 Garage Sale (1996)
 Attention Shoppers (2000)
 Agua Dulce (2001)
 Jack the Dog (2001)
 New Suits (2001)
 The Laramie Project (2001)
 Manhood (2003)
 The Lost City (2005)
 Smokin' Ages (2006)
 The Dark Knight (2008)
 Killer Movie (2008)
 Noah's Ark: The New Beginning (2010)
 Cristiada (2011)
 The Dark Knight Rises (2012)

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1967 births
Actors from New York City
American television actors
American voice actors
American movie actors
Living people
Harvard University alumni
The Amuca tribe (), (), is one of the Alevism-Bektashi groups of the Turkish tribes of the Oghuz Turks who traces back to Gündüz Bey older Brother to Osman I. This was a group of people in the Ottoman Empire which moved from Anatolia to the Balkans. At the end of 14th century, this clan settled in Thrace. Today they live in Kırklareli Province. The first founded village of this tribe was Keşirlik, located in the Mahya Dağı. The Men are wellknown Wrestlers in Turkish Oil Wrestling. 

Ethnic groups in Turkey
Kırklareli Province
is a Japanese sportsman.  He is best known as a gymnast.

Career
Tanaka was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Ryohei Kato
 Yusuke Tanaka
 Kōhei Uchimura
 Koji Yamamuro

References

Other websites
 Kazuhito Tanaka at London2012.com

Living people
1985 births
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese gymnasts
People from Wakayama Prefecture
Sportsmanship is traditional value in sports and competition.  It means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity.

Sportsmanship is generally understood to include
 playing fair
 following the rules of the game
 respecting the judgment of referees and officials
 treating opponents with respect

The ideal of sportsmanship argues that "it doesn't matter whether you win or lose, but how you play the game".

Olympic Games
In the context of the Olympic Games, athletes are expected to do their best. Otherwise, they would go against the Olympic motto of "Faster, Higher, Stronger".

Select examples of good sportsmanship 

 Eugenio Monti in the bobsleigh at the 1964 Winter Olympics at Innsbruck
 Lawrence Lemieux in sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics at Seoul
 Shin Lam in fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics at London
Select examples of bad sportsmanship
In the London Olympics, some athletes attempted to lose their badminton matches, including
 Tian Qing, Zhao Yunlei, Wang Xiaoli and Yu Yang of China 
 Jung Kyung-eun, Kim Ha-na, Ha Jung-eun and Kim Min-jung of South Korea
 Greysia Polii and Meilana Jauhari of Indonesiaз

Related pages
 Pierre de Coubertin medal
 Sportsperson
 Unsportsmanlike conduct

References

Other websites
  Olympic Oath at London2012.com

Sports
In computing, multi-touch is the name for a piece of technology that lets you use a trackpad or touchscreen by pressing on more than one place on the screen at one time. This often lets you do things that you could not do by other ways, such as pinch to zoom.

One of the first products to have multi-touch was the iPhone. Its iOS operating system was meant to be used using gestures such as tapping, pinching, spreading, rotating, and more. At the time, Apple, the company who made the iPhone, tried to register the word "multi-touch" as a trademark, but they could not do so as the term became used by everyone else.

Today, multi-touch can be found on many electronic devices with touchscreens, such as smartphones, tablet computers, and even some PCs.

Data input
The Pierre de Coubertin medal is awarded by the International Olympic Committee and recognizes those who demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in the Olympic Games. The medal is not the same award as the Pierre de Coubertin World Trophy, which is awarded by the International Fair Play Committee.

Recipients

Related pages
 Olympic Cup
 Olympic Order

References

Olympic Games
1997 establishments
Sports trophies and awards
The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is a feline. It is similar to other versions of the genus Lynx. The Iberian lynx has almost no threats except man, but it is almost extinct. It is the most endangered cat species in the world.

Iberian lynx hunt rabbits. One of the strategies aimed at saving the species is to change the use of land in such a way that it becomes more attractive to rabbits, which can then be hunted by the lynx. This strategy also benefits other endangered species, such as the Spanish imperial eagle.

In 2014, the Iberian lynx is treated as a species inside the famly of lynx by many biologists, mainly because of its independent development on the Iberian peninsula. This has not always been the case: Beforehand, it was seen as a subspecies of the Eurasian Lynx.

Breeding programs
Breeding programs 

In 2002, the Jerez Zoo confirmed it had three females and was developing a plan for a captive breeding program. One of those females was Saliega, captured as a cub in April 2002. She became the first Iberian lynx to breed in captivity, giving birth to three healthy kittens on March 29, 2005 at the El Acebuche Breeding Center, in the Doñana Nature Park in Huelva, Spain. Over the following years, the number of births grew and additional breeding centers were opened. In March 2009, it was reported that 27 cubs had been born since the beginning of the program. In 2009, the Spanish government planned to build a €5.5 million breeding center in Zarza de Granadilla. Portugal established a breeding center in Silves.
There were 14 surviving cubs in 2008 and 15 in 2009. In 2010, intense rain and health issues resulted in lower reproductive success—14 born, 8 surviving—but the next year, breeding centers recorded 45 births with 26 surviving kittens. In 2012, breeding centers in Portugal and Spain reported a total of 44 survivors from 59 births, while 2013 saw a total of 44 survivors out of 53 born.

In March 2013, it was reported that Iberian lynx embryos and oocytes had been collected and preserved for the first time. They were collected from Saliega and another female—both sterilized and retired from the breeding program—by Berlin's Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research and stored in liquid nitrogen at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC) for possible future breeding.

References

Other websites 
 
 

Felines
Mammals of Europe
Susan Kay "Suzy" Bogguss (born December 30, 1956 in Illinois), is an American country and folk singer and musician. She was popular in the 1980s and 1990s. During that time she had one platinum record, three gold records and six top ten songs. She last appeared on Billboard Hot Country Singles Chart around 2001. She has continued to record albums and songs in the country and rock areas.

At the 1992 Country Music Association Awards, Bogguss won the Horizon Award.

References

Other websites

American folk musicians
singers from Illinois
Country musicians from Illinois
Living people
1956 births
Vivica Anjanetta Fox (born July 30, 1964 in South Bend, Indiana) is an American movie and television producer and actress. 

Fox' breakthrough came in 1996, with roles in two box-office hit films, Roland Emmerich's Independence Day and F. Gary Gray's  Set It Off. She later starred in films Booty Call (1997), Soul Food (1997), Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998), Kingdom Come (2001), Two Can Play That Game (2001), and Boat Trip (2002). Fox played Vernita Green in Kill Bill, and played supporting parts in films like Ella Enchanted (2004).

Fox has appeared in numerous television shows, including Empire and The Young and the Restless.

References

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
Actors from South Bend, Indiana
American movie actors
American television actors
"Stardust" is an American popular song It was composed in 1927 by Hoagy Carmichael. In 1929, Mitchell Parish added lyrics. At first, the song was called "Star Dust". Carmichael was the first person to record the song. He recorded it at the Gennett Records studio in Richmond, Indiana. The song is "a song about a song about love".

Many musicians recorded this song.  Artie Shaw recorded it with his big band.

References

Other websites
Stardust on Sold on Song (BBC)
 

1920s songs
1927 works
The Andalién River is a river in the province of Concepción in Chile. It crosses part of the communes of Concepción, Talcahuano and Penco, ending at the Bay of Concepción. The total length of the river is 130 km with a basin area of 780 km² and the average discharge is 10–300 m³/s.

Sources 
 Cade Idepe, 2004. Diagnóstico y Clasificación de los Cursos y Cuerpos de Agua según objetivos de calidad. Cuenca del Río Andalién. Dirección General de Aguas. MOP. Diciembre de 2004. Santiago. Chile. 
  Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, D. Appleton y Compania, Nueva York, 1899 pg. 31-32

Related pages
 List of rivers of Chile

Rivers of Chile
Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is a Democratic Party member. 

He held office with the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009. Before that, he was Governor of Vermont (1991 to 2003). Dean ran, without success, for United States President during 2004. However, the "Dean Scream", which happened during a campaign rally, ruined his chances.

References

Other websites

Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Governors of Vermont
Living people
1948 births
2004 United States presidential candidates
Lieutenant Governors of Vermont
Michael "Mike" Kellogg (September 27, 1941 – June 25, 2023) was a senior announcer with Moody Radio and host for Music Through the Night.

Early life
Kellogg was born in Cedarville, Ohio. He was later educated at Cedarville College in Cedarville, Ohio. Kellogg moved to Chicago, Illinois.

Career
Kellogg first wanted to be a writer who later got a job for a newspaper company at a young age, and was later writing for the broadcasting company in Chicago. Kellogg began his career in the late 1980s when Music Through the Night was also created. In late 1982 Kellogg was hired to be host of Music Through the Night. Kellogg now speaks to the late-night listener, presenting a relaxed yet relaxed direct message of the fullness of a life of religion. Besides Music Through the Night, Kellogg can also be heard in a two minute radio program Today in the World.

Awards
In 1980, Kellogg was given the Religion in Media Award for his dramatic role in the radio for Treasures in the Snow.
Personal life
He was married to Nancy Kellogg whom he had six children, and ten grandchildren. Kellogg lived in Valparaiso, Indiana. Kellogg is an educator of religion.

Kellogg died in Valparaiso on June 25, 2023, at the age of 81.

References

Other websites
 

Writers from Chicago
Writers from Ohio
American radio personalities
1941 births
2023 deaths
Theresa Russell (born March 20, 1957 in San Diego) is an American actress. She has done many movies. Some of the better-known ones are The Last Tycoon (1976), Black Widow (1987) and Spider-Man 3 (2007).

Russell was married to British movie director Nicolas Roeg (born 1928) from 1982 until they divorced.

References

Other websites

Actors from San Diego, California
American movie actors
American television actors
1957 births
Living people
Crystal Bernard (born September 30, 1961) is an American sitcom actress. She also does other television acting. She is best known for her role in the NBC sitcom Wings.

Other websites

 
 

American television actors
Living people
1961 births
"Call Me Maybe" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Carly Rae Jepsen. It is the first song on her EP Curiosity (2012). It is the third song on her second album Kiss (2012). The song was written by Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song, but its genre (style of music) was changed to pop after the production by Josh Ramsay. It was released as the first single from the EP on 20 September 2011, through 604 Records. Jepsen was later signed to Schoolboy Records and the song was released in the United States. Call Me Maybe is about love at first sight.
"Call Me Maybe"'s music video was directed by Ben Knechtel. In the video, Carly Rae Jepsen wants the attention of an attractive boy. At the end of the video, the boy is revealed to be attracted to a male band member. To promote the song, Carly Rae Jepsen sang it on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. This was Carly Rae Jepsen's first time on US television. Jepsen also sang the song at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards. "Call Me Maybe" has been covered by many singers including Kelly Clarkson, Fun, Big Time Rush, Lil Wayne and Cody Simpson. "Call Me Maybe" has been parodied by Cookie Monster and some of the news staff of National Public Radio. "Call Me Maybe" was covered on "The New Rachel", the first episode of the fourth season of Glee.
"Call Me Maybe" was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 2013: Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. On 11 December 2012, "Call Me Maybe" was chosen as Song of the Year for 2012 by MTV. In 2012, Billboard magazine ranked the song #2 in the Hot 100 Songs, Digital Songs, and Canadian Hot 100 charts. On all three charts it was behind "Somebody That I Used to Know", a song by Gotye featuring Kimbra. "Call Me Maybe" sold over 12 million copies in 2012, so it was the best-selling song in the world that year. It was the best-selling single on the iTunes Store in 2012. "Call Me Maybe" had sold over 18 million copies by July 2015. It is the best selling song of the 21st century by a female artist. "Call Me Maybe" was the best-selling digital single of 2012. It is the seventh best-selling digital single ever.
Background
"Call Me Maybe" was written by Carly Rae Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song when they were on tour. Jepsen said that writing the song was easy, and that she wasn't "over-thinking it. We brought in Josh, and he helped us kind of pop-ify it."

"Call Me Maybe" was recorded at the Umbrella Studios in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.

"Call Me Maybe" was first released in just Canada on 20 September 2011. In December 2011, singers Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez heard the song on the radio. They shared the song through Twitter. This brought attention to Carly Rae Jepsen and "Call Me Maybe". Jepsen was signed by Scooter Braun to his record label, Schoolboy Records. Interscope Records helped to release "Call Me Maybe" around the world.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

All-time charts

References 

Music memes
Pop songs
2011 songs
Blue Chips is a 1994 sports drama movie about basketball. It stars Nick Nolte and Shaquille O'Neal. Nolte plays a basketball coach whose by-the-book recruitment methods run afoul of substandard school officials. O'Neal plays Neon Bodeau, an innocent basketball player.

Sports drama movies
1994 movies
English-language movies
Michael Michele (born August 30, 1966 near Evansville, Indiana) is an American television and movie actress. She played Selina in the 1991 movie New Jack City. She acted in the medical drama ER and in Gossip Girl.

Actors from Indiana
Living people
1966 births
American movie actors
American television actors
People from Evansville, Indiana
Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (, c. AD 150 – 235), known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio  (Dione. lib) was a Roman consul. He was active as a historian writing in Greek.  Dio published a history of Rome in 80 volumes, beginning with the legendary arrival of Aeneas in Italy through the subsequent founding of Rome (753 BC), the formation of the Republic (509 BC), and the creation of the Empire (31 BC), up to AD 229; a period of about 1,400 years.  Of the 80 books, written over 22 years, many survive into the modern age intact or as fragments. Modern scholars still use them to get a detailed understanding of Ancient Roman history.

References 

Ancient Roman historians
Ancient Greek writers
150s births
235 deaths
Sharon Lawrence (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress who became notable when she starred in NYPD Blue. She also acted in other programs.

1961 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Charlotte, North Carolina
Lismore is a town in northeastern New South Wales, Australia and is in the Aboriginal Bundjalung Nation. It is on the Bruxner Highway, and the state capital city of New South Wales, Sydney is  to the south by highway. The state capital city of Queensland is  north.

Southern Cross University is based in Lismore, so there are a lot of students from around the state and country. There are six high schools and three primary schools as well a school which has students from Kindergarten all the way through to Year 12.

References

Towns in New South Wales
1856 establishments in Australia
Michael Sean Roark (born May 9, 1983) is an American actor and lawyer.

Filmography

Film
 Nightmares from the Mind of Poe (2006) - Richard
 Retrospective (2011) - Ronnie Meridian
 Party Girl (2011) - Party guest
 Psyche (2011) - Devlin
 Privileged (2011) - Bodyguard 2
 Dolphin Tale (2011) - Donovan Peck
 Thursday (2012) - Chase
 Magic Mike (2012) - Ryan
Bennett's War (2019) - Marshall Bennet
 Roped (2020) - Vince Lockwood

TV shows
 Drop Dead Diva (2010) - Joe Bray
 The Glades (2010) - Justin Brussard
 The Vampire Diaries (2010 ~ 2011) - Cowboy/Frank
 The Following (2012) - Detective Warren
 Magic City (2012) - Young Attorney
 '' Beauty and the Beast -Kyle Johnson

Other websites
 
 
 
 

Living people
1983 births
American stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Lawyers from Illinois
Actors from Illinois
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 is a Soviet fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1941.

World War II Soviet aircraft
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 is a Soviet fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1941.

Soviet military aircraft
Mary Ann Mobley (February 17, 1939 – December 9, 2014) was an American television and movie actress. She appeared in the sitcoms Designing Women and Diff'rent Strokes, and in other television programs. She was Miss America 1959. She was married to actor Gary Collins until his death in 2012.

Mobley died at her home in Beverly Hills, California from breast cancer, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 Mary Ann Mobley Official Website 
 
 
 
 The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.

1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Mississippi
Miss America winners
People from Biloxi, Mississippi
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG DIS is a Soviet fighter aircraft. Two prototypes were made and the program was cancelled.

World War II Soviet aircraft
MiG-9 Fargo is a Soviet fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1946.

Soviet military aircraft
MiG-23 Flogger is a Soviet interceptor-fighter aircraft. It first entered the Soviet Air Force in 1970. This is the first MiG that has variable geometry swing-wings, meaning that you can control the wings to be at a certain angle. The MiG-23 was a replacement for the MiG-21. It was used by Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War, the Kuwait Invasion, and the Gulf War. Today, it is still used, but not as much as other modern jets.

References

Soviet military aircraft
MiG-27 Flogger is a Soviet ground-attack aircraft. It first entered the Soviet Air Force in 1975. This plane's design is similar to the MiG-23. This plane was mostly used in the Soviet Union and it successor states. Today, the Kazakh Air Force is the only user of the MiG-27.

References

Soviet military aircraft
MiG-31 Foxhound is a Soviet/Russian interceptor aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1982.

External Video
 Russian Interceptor aircraft 『MiG-31 (NATO reporting name: Foxhound)』Official Video
  - on RT Documentary Official YouTube Channel

Soviet military aircraft
Sukhoi Su-35 is a Russian fighter aircraft. It first entered the Russian Air Force in 2010.

Russian military aircraft
The mule deer (Odocileus hemionus) is a species of deer. They are sometimes called black-tailed deer. They live in western North America. Their name was given to them because of their mule-like ears. There are many subspecies, including the black-tailed deer. Unlike the white-tailed deer, mule deer lives on land west of the Missouri River. They also live in the Rocky Mountains region of North America. Mule deer have been introduced to Argentina.
The mule deer's favorite food is new plants that grow in the spring.  They eat a large number of their yearly calories during spring feeding.  Because spring comes later in colder places, the mule deer move from warmer to colder places so they spend the most where there are spring plants to eat.  Scientists call this "green wave surfing." According to scientists from the University of Wyoming, by migrating, mule deer can eat spring plants for 120 days in a year with lots of rain and 60 days in a year with very little rain.  The deer are very good at figuring out where the spring growth will be and when it will be there, even when it is different from the last year.  The scientists also say that climate change is putting the deer in danger by causing more years with very little rain.

References

Other websites 

Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History species account-Mule Deer
Video of Arizona Mule Deer 

Deer
Deer, Mule
Haitian Creole is a type of Creole language spoken by about 13 million people, mostly Haitians and the Haitian diaspora. Most of its vocabulary is derived from French. This language is called Kreyòl Ayisien by those who speak it.

Origins 
The language started in Haiti by contact between the colonizers, who spoke French, and the black people they enslaved, who spoke African languages. The African influences in Haitian Creole can be noticed in the sound, syntax, and vocabulary.

In Haiti, the upper classes have often disrespected Haitian Creole even though they speak it, but the language has recently started to become more accepted. There are more books in Haitian Creole, and it was finally acknowledged in Haiti's constitution in 1987.

References 

Languages of the Caribbean
Haiti
Pidgins and creoles
The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) is a species of goats. They are also known as the Rocky Mountain goat. They live in North America. They are part of the genus Oreamnos. They like to live on high elevations. Mountain goats are great at climbing, and will rest on rocky cliffs. They do this so predators cannot get them.

The mountain goat wanders the mountains alone, and meets only to mate. It eats grasses, lichens, and leaves. It is 3–4 ft. at the shoulder (90-120 centimeters.) The mother mountain goat is called a nanny, and the male is called a billy, the baby is called a kid.
Their thick undercoat, and long white overcoat, protects them from blustery wind, and harsh weather that often occurs in their mountainous habitat. Both male and female have short, strong, legs that have large black hooves on the end. The billy had long slender horns that measure approximately 1 foot. The nannies have slightly longer horns. The female uses her horns to defend her young. She will often dominate the territory, and the male will leave her alone.

The female mountain goat, or nanny, becomes pregnant in November, the only month they are together, and gives birth to her kid six months, or half a year, later. The nanny will protect her young for a while and eventually the kid will leave his mother. He will most likely not know his father. They are alone for most of the year except for November which is the mating month.

References 

Raedeke, Kenneth J. "Mountain goat." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012.Web. 20 Dec. 2012.

Other websites
Other websites 

 A.W.F. Banfield (1974). The Mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press. 
 D. Chadwick (1983). A Beast the Color of Winter – The Mountain Goat Observed. Sierra Club Books. San Francisco. 208 p.
 Loyal J. Johnson (1994) Alaska Department of Fish & Game
 US Forest Service – Mountain Goats

Mammals of North America
The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a species of sheep that lives in the western half of North America. Their name comes from their large horns. Their horns can weigh up to 30 pounds (14 kg). However, the sheep themselves weigh up to 300 pounds (140 kg). 

Genetic testing showed that there are three subspecies of bighorn sheep:
Sierra Nevada bighorn (O. c. sierrae) (endangered)
Desert bighorn (O. c. nelsoni)
Rocky Mountain bighorn (O. c. canadensis)
Ovis canadensis auduboni (extinct)

Appearance
Adult male bighorn sheep can weigh 350 lbs (159 kg) and stand 40 inches (102 cm) tall at the shoulder.  Adult female sheep are as heavy as 250 lbs (113 kg).  They are grayish brown to dark brown in color with white faces and rear ends.  This makes them difficult to see when the ground is part snow and part grass.

Their hooves are rough on the bottom.  This allows the sheep to climb, walk, and jump in steep, rocky places.
All bighorn sheep have horns.  They stay on their heads their whole lives.  They do not fall off the way antlers do.  Male bighorn sheep have large, curved horns that curl around their faces.  Female bighorn sheep have shorter horns with sharp points.

Behavior

Bighorn sheep live in herds.  Male sheep live in herds with only other adult males.  These are called bachelor herds.  Female sheep live in herds with other adult females and lambs.  When male sheep are two years old, they leave their mother's herd and find a bachelor herd.

Bighorn sheep eat many kinds of plants.  They have four-part stomachs.  They feed on plants in lowlands and then go back to the rocks, where they can chew their cud and digest the food. Desert sheep can eat cacti.

When it is time for the sheep to mate, the adult male rams run toward each other and hit each other with their horns.  This makes a loud noise.  The rams' skulls are thick and strong.

Bighorn sheep live up to 14 years.

Predators
Predators

Golden eagles, mountain lions, bears, Canada lynxes, and coyotes eat bighorn sheep. Bighorns can also die when lungworm parasites give them pneumonia.

History

The bighorn sheep came from Siberia. They crossed to North America over the Bering land bridge. The population grew in the millions.

Native Americans used bighorn sheep for food and made things out of their skins. It became part of the mythology of many groups of Native Americans.

By 1900, the population got smaller to several thousands. Almost all the bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains died in the 1800s and early 1900s.  Hunters killed them for meat and horns.  Bighorn sheep caught diseases from ranch sheep. Many organizations, including the Boy Scouts of America, have helped increase the population.

References

Other websites 

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile 
Greater Yellowstone Resource Guide - Bighorn Sheep
Desert Bighorn Sheep Facts  California Department of Fish and Game

Caprids
Mammals of North America