Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Stephen Joseph Harper  (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. He is a member and the former leader of the Conservative Party, after being elected in 2004. He was elected in February 2006 and replaced Paul Martin as Prime Minister.

Harper was born in 1959 in Toronto, Ontario and lives in Calgary, Alberta. He is married to Laureen Teskey and has two children. He is the third Prime Minister, after Pierre Trudeau and John Turner, to send their children to Rockcliffe Park Public School, in Ottawa. Stephen Harper was Prime Minister for nine years, during which Canada hosted both the Vancouver 2010 Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games. Harper also hosted the G8 and G20 meetings.
Harper is a conservative and supports cutting government spending and taxes. As Prime Minister, he has cut the goods and services tax and approved a budget that would cut funding to several government programs. He has also shown support for the military and a bigger Canadian military presence in the northern part of Canada. Harper is an evangelical Christian.

Even though Harper did win the seat in the riding of Calgary Heritage during the October 19, 2015 federal election, the Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberal Party of Canada, which was led by Justin Trudeau and who succeeded Harper as Prime Minister. It was thereafter announced Harper would resign as party leader and had requested an interim leader be chosen to serve until a leadership election can be held.

References
References

1959 births
Living people
Politicians from Toronto
Politicians from Alberta
Canadian Christians
Canadian economists
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada
University of Toronto alumni
University of Calgary alumni
A tadpole or polliwog is the larva of a frog. It breathes water and lives in the water. Tadpoles hatch from small eggs.

Frog eggs are round and toad eggs are laid in long strings.  Like bird eggs, they have nutrients (food) inside them for the young animal to grow before it hatches.

Movement

Tadpoles swim by lateral undulation: their tails move side to side, not up and down.

Food

Most types of tadpole eat only plants, for example algae on rocks. Some types of tadpole eat plants and animals, even other smaller tadpoles.

Metamorphosis

After some time, the tadpoles begin to grow legs: first the hind legs and then the front legs. Then they are called froglets.  Soon after, froglets grow lungs and begin to breathe air and lose their tails.  The tail disappears because the cells in the tail gently die.  Each tadpole's mouth changes from small to as wide as its head.  Its intestines become shorter.  They grow larger, and eventually become adults.

Species
Species

How fast or slow the eggs hatch and how fast or slow the tadpole becomes a froglet is different in different frogs.  Some tadpoles take months to become frogs.  Some stay tadpoles all winter and do not become frogs until the next spring, or even three years later. Some frogs lay their eggs in bodies of water that are only there in the spring and dry up in the summer, so the tadpoles must become frogs in only a few weeks.

References

Frogs
Toads
Developmental biology
Zeulenroda-Triebes is a German town in the rural district of Greiz in Thuringia.

It has about 18,000 inhabitants. Most famous sight of the town is the beautiful town hall.

Other websites 
 Official website of Zeulenroda-Triebes 
 Landkreis Greiz

Verwaltungsgemeinschaftfrei towns in Thuringia
Greiz Rural District
Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15, 1941 – January 15, 1994) was an American singer-songwriter. 

Nilsson was born in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York City. His paternal grandparents were Swedish.

"Without Her" is one of his early hits. This number is nowadays considered one of his standards as Blood, Sweat & Tears did later an jazzy cover on their album. His biggest hits were during the late 1960s and the 1970s. His songs include "Me And My Arrow", "Coconut", "Cuddly Toy", "Spaceman", and "One". "One" was also a hit for the band Three Dog Night. Nilsson's two most famous songs were "Without You" and "Everybody's Talkin'". These songs were  written by other people. "Without You" has been re-recorded many times by other singers. It was written by Peter Ham and Tom Evans of Badfinger. "Everybody's Talkin'" was used in the 1969 movie Midnight Cowboy. The song was written by Fred Neil.
Nilsson recorded a tribute to The Beatles on his first album. He used lines from fifteen of their songs in one cover version of "You Can't Do That". Derek Taylor, who worked for the Beatles, sent them copies of the album, and Nilsson became a friend of the band. He later shared a house with John Lennon and Ringo Starr. They worked together on each other's music.

Nilsson also wrote a cartoon movie named The Point!. It was broadcast on ABC. It was about tolerance and diversity. The Point! was later turned into a musical. One production of the musical starred former Monkees Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones. The Monkees had recorded two of Nilsson's songs, "Cuddly Toy" and "Daddy's Song", after they met him through producer Chip Douglas.

Nilsson died of heart failure in Agoura Hills, California.

The movie You've Got Mail uses several of Nilsson's songs in its soundtrack.

Notes

Other websites 
A performance of 'Without Her' from the 1971 BBC Television broadcast.
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Deaths from heart failure
1941 births
1994 deaths
How the guitar became a popular instrument
The acoustic guitar came from Spain (an instrument with six strings), created by Antonio Torres Jurado. But at the beginning, the guitar was different with what we see the guitar now. In the 16th to 17th centuries, the guitar became popular in Europe. In the 18th century, the guitar changed to be similar to how it is now. But before the 19th century, many people thought the guitar could not be same as a piano or violin. They thought it could not play classical music. But at the beginning of 19th century, a famous guitar player, Fernando Sor, made the guitar become more popular and he made more people like playing the guitar. Before the 20th century, people played the acoustic guitar. In the 20th century, a musician in United States, Leo Fender, invented the electric guitar.
Guitar and ukulele compared
The guitar and the ukulele are similar in shape and other ways, but they are also different. The ukulele looking like a small guitar. But the guitar has six strings, and the ukulele has just four strings. The six strings in a guitar are tuned: E, B, G, D, A, and E; the four strings in a ukulele are tuned: G, C, E, and A. Also, the ukulele comes from Hawaii, and the guitar comes from Spain.

Other websites

References

Guitars
A flipper is a special kind of limb that is flattened like a paddle for moving through water. Many animals that live in water, such as whales and seals have flippers. The flipper of a fish is called a fin.

It can also be an item worn on the foot to help people swim more easily.

Animal anatomy
Coral fungi or clavarioid fungi, are mushrooms that are usually shaped like coral, but can also be shaped like forks, worms or clubs. They are rubbery and at times are brightly coloured.

Originally, such fungi were put in the genus Clavaria, and called "clavarioid", which means Clavaria-like. It is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, we keep the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi", and it is frequently used in research papers.

Habitat 
Most coral fungi grow on the ground, but some grow on well decayed logs and stumps.
They are usually found in forests but some can also be found in fields. They are decomposers.

Eating 
Although they are not poisonous, some kinds are a laxative and some can cause stomach pain.

Other websites

Mushrooms
A stone fruit, also called a drupe, is a fruit with a large "stone" inside. The stone is sometimes called the seed, but that is a mistake, as the seed is inside the stone. The stones can also be called a pit. These fruits are edible and used frequently in cooking.

Identification

What makes a fruit? 
A fruit is the matured ovary of a flower. Fruits consist of two main parts: the pericarp, or ovary wall, and the seed(s).

The pericarp has three layers: the exocarp (skin/rind), the mesocarp (bulk of the pericarp), and the endocarp (innermost layer).

Berries vs. drupes 
The two main classes of fleshy fruits are berries and drupes, or stone fruits.

Berries have a fleshy mesocarp and endocarp, and may have multiple seeds.

Drupes have a fleshy mesocarp, but a tough endocarp, and of course, a "stone" or "pit" at its center. Drupes typically have only a single seed.

Examples of stone fruits 

Food ingredients
Food-related lists
A humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a large baleen whale with long flippers and a knobbly head. They can be found in every ocean.

They can grow to 15–16 m (49–52 ft) long and weigh up to 40 metric tons.

Life history
Humpback whales can live up to 45 years.  They migrate between the places they feed in the winter and the places they give birth in the summer. They usually live alone.

Feeding 

Humpback whales eat krill and small fish, for example herring, capelin, and sand lance. They scoop up their food in their large mouths. Sometimes they round up their prey by swimming in tight circles and blowing curtains of bubbles around them. They often hunt in small groups, called pods.
Whale song 
The male whale is known to sing for up to 22 hours at a time. Because whales do not have vocal cords, they make songs by forcing air through their nasal passages. Every male has a different song. We don't yet know why they sing, it might be to call a female or scare away other males. The songs are made up of a pattern of low notes repeated over a period of hours or days. The whales slowly change their songs over a period of years.

Other sounds 

Both the male and female humpback whales make other sounds, such as moans and grunts, to communicate with each other.

References 

Baleen whales
Slovak is the language spoken in Slovakia, a country in Central Europe. It is a language from Slavic language family. It is very similar to Czech, and Czechs and Slovaks understand each other quite well when they speak their own language. Polish and Sorbian are also quite similar. All of them belong to the western branch of Slavic languages. Slovak is spoken by more than 5 million people.

Pronunciation 
Slovak is written using the Latin alphabet, but some letters have special signs (called diacritics).

The letters č, š, ž and dž are like the English sounds in chin, shin, vision and juice.

The letters ď, ľ, ň, and ť are called “soft consonants” and are pronounced with the blade of the tongue at the roof of the mouth.

The letters c, dz and j are also soft, like ts in bats, ds in rods, and y in yes.

Signs over a vowel show that the vowel is pronounced long: á, é, í, ó, ý ú. A long vowel is never followed in the next syllable by a short vowel.
The letter ô is like English woman, and ä is the same as the letter e.

The letter ch is like ch in Scottish loch. V is more like English w.

The letters b, d, ď, dz, dž, g, h, z, ž are voiceless when they are at the end of a word (for example, 'd' will sound like 't').

The accent is always on the first syllable of the word. That is different from Russian, for example, in which the stress can be anywhere.

Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is difficult for English-speakers to pronounce., especially because several consonants often come together. In the sentence: “Strč prst skrz krk!” there is not one single vowel (it means: “Stick a finger through your neck!”)!

Grammar 
The grammar is similar to Russian, but there are some differences. Slovak, unlike Russian, has a separate word for “to be”:
 Ja som Angličan (I am English).

Unlike English, Slovak does not have articles (such as “the” and “a”).
There are three genders in Slovak, therefore it is important to know whether a noun is masculine, feminine or neuter. There is no article to make it obvious (unlike in German), but it changes the adjective's ending.

Like many other European languages, Slovak verbs agree with the person, and there are different forms for 'I', 'you', 'he', etc. Verbs have different aspects to show whether or not the action is complete. There are also different cases that show how a word is used in a sentence. Different prepositions use different cases. All of that makes grammar quite complicated for English-speakers.

Sample words and phrases 
The numbers from 1 to 10 are .
Use the familiar form when talking to a child, and the polite form when talking to an adult.
 –Hello
 –Good morning
 –Good day (Used during the day)
 –Good evening
 –Good night
 –Welcome! (familiar form)
 –Welcome! (polite form)
  - My name is John (Literally: I call myself John)
 –What is your name? (Familiar form)
 –What is your name? (Polite form)
 –I am American (If speaker is male)
 –I am American (If speaker is female)
 –How are you? (familiar form)
 –How are you (polite form)
 –Thank you, I am well
 –Not too bad
 –Bad!
 –Please
 –Thank you
 – You are welcome (this is a reply to “Ďakujem”)
  - Enjoy your meal 
\

References

Slavic languages
Languages of Europe
Electronic Arts, Inc. (EA Games) is a large company which makes computer and video games all over the world. They made famous games such as FIFA, The Sims, Madden NFL and Medal of Honor. They also made the Need for Speed series. EAs most popular products are the games which are sold under the EA Sports label.

History 
The company was started in February 1982 by Trip Hawkins. They first shipped their games in May 1983.
They have since then produced video games every year.

Studios 
EA owns other smaller game companies which they call 'studios'.

A few of these include Maxis (creators of The Sims), Bullfrog (creators of Theme Park and Theme Hospital), and BioWare (makers of Mass Effect).
Games 
Pinball Construction Set (1983) by Bill Budge
Archon (1983) and Archon II: Adept (1984) by Free Fall Associates
M.U.L.E. (1983) by Dan Bunten and Ozark Softscape
One on One: Dr. J vs. Larry Bird (1983) by Eric Hammond
Music Construction Set (1984) by Will Harvey
The Seven Cities of Gold (1984) by Dan Bunten and Ozark Softscape
The Bard's Tale (1985) by Interplay Productions
Mail Order Monsters (1985) by Paul Reiche III, Evan Robinson and Nicky Robinson
Racing Destruction Set (1985) by Rick Koenig
Instant Music (1986) by Robert Campbell
Starflight (1986) by Binary Systems
Skate or Die! (1987), EA's first internally developed title
Zany Golf (1988), by Sandcastle Productions (Will Harvey)
Populous (1989) by Bullfrog which EA acquired in 1995
The Immortal (1990) by Sandcastle Productions (Will Harvey)
Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf (1992) by EA's High Score Production group
NHL series (1991–)
Wing Commander series (1992 onwards, previous games published in-house)
FIFA series (1993–)
FIFA series (1993–)
Need for Speed series (1994–) (first installment was made by EA in collaboration with Road & Track)
Ultima Online (1997) by Origin Systems
NASCAR series (1997–2009)
Command & Conquer series (titles from 1999–present) by Westwood Studios (earlier titles released by Virgin Interactive)
Dungeon Keeper series by Bullfrog Productions
SimCity series (titles from 1999–) by Maxis (earlier titles released by other publishers)
Medal of Honor series (1999–)
System Shock 2 (1999)
American McGee's Alice (2000)
SSX series (2000–)
James Bond series (1999–2005)
Harry Potter series (2001–2011)
The Sims (2000–2003) by Maxis
The Sims 2 (2004–2008) by Maxis (and later The Sims Studio)
The Sims Stories series (2007–2008) by Aspyr and EA
The Sims 3 (2009–present) by Visceral Games and The Sims Studio
Burnout series (2004–present)
Battlefield series (2002–present) by EA Digital Illusions CE
Madden NFL series (1989–present)
NCAA Football series (1993–present)
Dark Age of Camelot (republished after EA acquired Mythic in 2005)
Crysis series (2007–) by Crytek
Rock Band series (2007–) by Harmonix
Skate series (2007–) by EA Black Box
Mass Effect series (starting with Mass Effect 2, the first game was published by Microsoft)(2009–2012) by BioWare
Warhammer Online: Age of Reckoning (2008) by Mythic Entertainment
Spore series (2008–) by Maxis
Army of Two series (2008–) by EA Montreal
Dead Space series (2008–) by Visceral Games
Mirror's Edge (2008) by EA Digital Illusions CE
Dragon Age series (2009–) by BioWare
Dante's Inferno (2010) by Visceral Games
Star Wars: The Old Republic (2011) by BioWare
 The Simpsons: Tapped Out (2012, mobile)
 The Sims 4 (2014)
 Titanfall series (2014-) by Respawn Entertainment
 It Takes Two (2021) by Hazelight Studios
References 

American video game companies
1982 establishments in California
Companies based in California
A tap, faucet, or spigot is something that a liquid or gas comes out of. Taps usually have a handle that can be turned to start or stop the liquid coming out.

Many taps give water and are used in homes. They are found in kitchens and bathrooms.

Water that comes out of a tap is called tap water. At many restaurants, a person can ask for tap water instead of bottled water.

Hardware (mechanical)
A competition or contest is an event where people get together to see who is the best at something.  Someone who takes part in a competition ("enters for a competition") is called a competitor.  The competitors compete against one another.  The person who wins may get a prize.  The prize might be a trophy or money.

Competitions can be for lots of different things, for example, sport, writing, music, dancing, science, or chess.

Some competitions need a referee.  The referee will make sure that the game is played fairly and that the competitors obey the rules.  In events like music competitions there will often be an adjudicator who will decide which person they think is the best.

Forms
In nature, animals compete with one another for the best food, the best nesting places, etc. According to Charles Darwin, the competition in nature results in evolution.
In business, firms that make the same things or offer the same services are in competition with one another (see market forms).
The adjective of 'competition' is competitive.
If persons are "competitive" it means that they like trying to compete with other people.
Businesses often say that they sell things at "competitive prices".  This means that their prices are lower than those of other businesses which sell similar things.

Examples of competitions
There are a lot of different kinds of competitions, for example:
 Eating competitions, where people try to eat the most food
 Running competitions, where people see who is the first to run from one place to another
 Sport competitions, where sports teams try to beat each other to win a trophy
 Singing competitions, where someone decides which person sang the best

or see the gallery of images below:

Related pages

International Mathematical Olympiad
Music competitions
Science Olympiad
Spelling bee

References 

Basic English 850 words
Psychology
SimCity is a computer game where the player has to build a city. They can do whatever they want to their city. It can be built from the ground up or it can be destroyed by a hurricane or a UFO.

History
Sim City was made by game maker Will Wright and first released by the company Maxis. They are now owned by Electronic Arts. The game was first officially released in 1989.

It was very popular because the game had no end. A player could not win or lose. This was the start of all simulation games.

Gameplay
At the start, the player has to build power plants. Power plants make power so the city can have electricity. By building power lines, power is connected to the different areas of the city. Water needs to be pumped in from a river using pipes to connect them to the city.

Smaller areas are marked out. These are made either residential, commercial, or industrial zones. Zones are the only places where buildings can develop. Every city needs the right amount of each zone otherwise the city will not grow.
Roads, schools and hospitals must all be built for the city to get better. Parks and libraries make more people want to move to the city. Railways and highways provide ways to connect to other neighborhoods.

Sequels
After the first game, many more were created. These were made up of three games, with spin-offs and expansion packs. These were:
 SimCity 2000
 SimCity 3000
 SimCity 3000 Unlimited
 SimCity 3000 UK Edition
 SimCity 4
 SimCity 4 Rush Hour
 SimCity 4 Deluxe Edition
 SimCity DS
 SimCity DS 2
 SimCity Societies
 SimCity Societies Destinations
 SimCity (2013)

1989 video games
A doorstop (or door stop or doorstopper) is a tool.

There are two types. One holds a door open (or stops it from closing), and the other stops the door from hitting a wall.

Doorstops that keep the door from hitting a wall can be put on the door, or on the wall, or on the floor in front of the wall.

Doorstops that are used to keep a door open come in two varieties:
Attached to the door they are supposed to stop
Wedges that can be put under the door they should stop, or anything heavy put in front of the door

Tools
Digital rights management (DRM) is a way to make it difficult to copy music, movies, and computer programs. It is used to make people follow copyright laws. It works by using computer technologies.

Many companies use DRM to protect their properties from copyright infringement, such as Sony, Microsoft and the BBC. Other companies also use DRM.

Some people do not like digital rights management. They think that DRM makes copying harder than copyright laws allow. The Free Software Foundation suggested that 'digital restrictions management' is a better name.

People can break DRM. If someone breaks a DRM technology then copying is possible. All common DRM technologies have been broken. Making a DRM technology that can not be broken is very hard. Some people say that all DRM technologies can be broken. In the United States it is illegal to break a DRM.
DRM is a way for companies to keep their profits while sharing their content online. A good example of this is BBC iPlayer. They do this by keeping their content online for a certain amount of time. 

Copyright
Intellectual property law
Cement is a material that hardens and sticks to other materials to hold them together. Portland cement is a common kind, and made from quicklime (heated limestone) and clay. Cement is used to make concrete and mortar. Cement is widely used for plastering and rendering. Plastering is done for the inner walls, and cement rendering is done for the exterior walls. Cement rendering is also used to clad brickwork on either exterior, interior, or boundary walls. This keeps brickwork protected from rain and water.

Joseph Aspdin developed Portland cement in the 19th century. He heated ground limestone and clay mix and then pulverized the mixture into fine powder. In 1824 he also obtained a patent for his creation. Portland cement is suitable for wet climates and can be used underwater.
The global cement market is estimated to be around $340 billion. China is the top cement producer, followed by India and the USA. The rising population is driving the cement demand. Countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa are improving their infrastructure which is resulting in the growth of the global cement industry.

References 

Building materials
Brown algae are a large group of multicellular algae. All the brown algae are multicellular. Most brown algae have fucoxanthin, a chemical that gives them a brown color. They include many seaweeds in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat.

There are 2000 species of brown algae. Most species live in the ocean. They are important as food and as homes for many animals and marine life. Some brown algae are gathered by humans for food. The giant kelp Macrocystis is a brown alga that forms underwater forests, and it may grow to 60 meters. The Sargasso Sea gets its name from the Sargassum seaweed that floats on the surface. Many brown algae grow on rocks at the seashore.
Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues. But they reproduce by means of flagellated spores and gametes that look like the cells of other heterokonts. Genetic studies show their closest relatives to be the yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae).

Classification
This is a list of the orders in the class Phaeophyceae:

References

Algae
Bacillus is a genus of rod shaped bacteria. They are Gram-positive, meaning they have an extra outside cell layer.

Bacilli are partly or wholly aerobic. They do aerobic respiration. They are every where in nature. Bacillus includes both free-living (non-parasitic) and parasitic pathogenic species.

Under stressful conditions, they produce endospores. These are not true spores, but like survival pods they can stay in a dormant state for long periods.

Some species of Bacillus are worth noting:

Bacillus anthracis, which causes Anthrax.
Bacillus subtilis is considered an model organism. It is often used in genetic engineering.
Bacillus cereus which is responsible for a form of food poisoning.
Bacillus thuringensis which is used in pest control. It produces a toxin which can kill some moths, and certain butterflies.

Related pages
 Listeria
 Bacillus (shape)

References 

Gram-positive bacteria
Milk powder is a powder made by dehydrating milk. When water is added, it becomes liquid milk again. Milk powder is often used in countries that lack widespread access to refrigeration. As well, it is often used in recipes that call for milk.

Milk
Vaccinium vitis-idaea (also called lingonberry, partridgeberry, mountain cranberry or cowberry) is a small evergreen shrub from the heather family that makes edible fruits. 

Berries
Vaccinium
Dehydration (hypohydration) means less water in something. The word comes from the ancient Greek word for water, hydor.

People get dehydrated when they lose more water than they take in.  The human body needs water to survive.  If a person gets badly dehydrated, their body will be unable to work the right way.  Bad dehydration can cause organ damage and even death.

What causes dehydration? 
A living organism will get dehydrated if their body is losing water in some way and they do not drink enough to replace the water.  The most common causes of dehydration are: 
 Sweating a lot (because of hot weather or exercise) 
 Bad diarrhea 
 Vomiting (throwing up) 
 Urinating more than usual (this can happen if a person has uncontrolled diabetes or takes medicines like diuretics which cause them to urinate more often) 
 Fever
Who gets dehydration? 
Any living being can get dehydrated.  Some people are more at risk of dehydration. Elderly people, very young children, and people with chronic illnesses are at the highest risk for dehydration.

Symptoms 
Dehydrated people may have different symptoms depending on how dehydrated they are.  If dehydration is not treated, it will get worse.  As dehydration gets worse, the symptoms get more dangerous.

When people start to get dehydrated, they may have these symptoms: 
Thirst
Dry, sticky mouth
Feeling tired or sleepy
Not urinating as much as usual
Dry skin
Headache
Constipation
Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
No tears come out when the person cries
When dehydration gets severe (very bad), its symptoms include: 
 Being very thirsty
 Feeling irritable and confused (infants and children may be very fussy or get very sleepy)
 Very dry mouth and mucous membranes
 Shriveled, dry skin that is less elastic than normal (it doesn't "bounce back" when pinched into a fold)
 Urinating very little, with darkly colored urine, or not urinating at all
 Sunken eyes
 In infants, the fontanel (the soft spot on the top of the head) may be sunken
 Low blood pressure (blood pressure may also drop when the person sits up or stands up, making them feel dizzy or faint; this is called orthostasis)
 Fast heartbeat (tachycardia)
 Fast breathing (tachypnea)
 Fever
 In the most serious cases, delirium or unconsciousness

Severe dehydration is a medical emergency.  If a person with severe dehydration does not get medical treatment soon enough, they can die.
What problems may dehydration cause? 
Bad dehydration can cause serious health problems. Some of these problems are:
 Heat injury.  When it is very hot outside, or when a person is exercising a lot, fluids like water help keep the body cool.  If the person is dehydrated, their body can overheat (it gets too hot and cannot cool itself down).  This can cause heat injury.  The mildest (least serious) form of heat injury is heat cramps (cramping, or pain, in the muscles).  As heat injury gets worse, it becomes heat exhaustion.  If the body keeps overheating and the person does not get medical treatment, heat exhaustion becomes heat stroke.  Heat stroke is a very serious medical emergency.  People with heat stroke can have damage to their organs and even die if they do not get treatment quickly enough.
Swelling of the brain (cerebral edema).  Sometimes the body tries to fix dehydration by pulling a lot of water into its cells.  If the body pulls too much water into the cells, those cells can swell and break.  If this happens to the cells in the brain, the brain can swell.  
 Seizures.  When a person gets dehydrated, their electrolytes can get out of balance.  Electrolytes are important salts in the body which carry electricity.  When electrolytes like sodium and potassium get out of balance, the body's electrical signals can get mixed up.  This can cause seizures.  
 Shock.  Fluid is an important part of human blood.  Water makes up most of blood plasma, which carries blood cells and other important things to the entire body.  If a person gets very dehydrated, the amount of blood in the body drops.  This causes low blood pressure.  If a person does not have enough blood and oxygen in their body, they can go into shock.  In medicine, this is called hypovolemic shock.
Kidney failure.  Bad dehydration can hurt the kidneys.  When the kidneys are hurt or not working properly, they cannot remove poisons and extra fluid from the blood.
How is dehydration treated? 
To fix dehydration, a person has to replace the fluids and electrolytes that they have lost.

When dehydration is not too bad, people can usually treat themselves by drinking.   This is called oral rehydration therapy.  Stores sell special drinks like Pedialyte and Gatorade, which have both water and electrolytes in them.  People can also make their own oral rehydration solution (a drink which treats dehydration) by mixing water with sugar and salt.

People with very bad dehydration need emergency medical treatment.  They may need to get fluids intravenously (through a needle placed into a vein).  This replaces lost fluids and electrolytes much more quickly than drinking.  It is also helpful for people who are unable to drink because of nausea and vomiting from dehydration.

References 

Health problems
Square Enix is a Japanese company that makes video games and manga. It was created on April 1, 2003. Two companies called Square Co., Ltd. and Enix combined to form Square Enix.

Square Enix is famous for its role-playing games. This includes the Final Fantasy series, the Dragon Quest series and the Kingdom Hearts series.They are one of the biggest videogame companies in the world.

References

Other websites
 Global Site

Comic companies
2003 establishments in Japan
Video game companies of Japan
A game designer is someone who designs games. The term "game designer" usually refers to someone who designs computer or video games, but can also be a person who designs older games like a board game.

 
Games
Entertainment occupations
is a Japanese game designer and producer at Nintendo. He created the Donkey Kong, Mario, Star Fox, Pikmin and The Legend of Zelda video game series for Nintendo.

He is one of the most famous game designers in the world and is often called the father of modern video gaming. His games give players many ways to play and explore. This was unique in video games when his games were first released.

Miyamoto started working with Nintendo in 1977 as an artist when it was still a toy and playing-card company. In 1980, he designed Donkey Kong, which was a big success. Miyamoto became Nintendo's leading producer, and he continues to create many popular games for Nintendo today Such as entries in the Super Mario and the Zelda series.

Early Life

Miyamoto was born on November 16, 1952 in the Japanese town of Sonobe, which is a rural town that is northwest of Kyoto. His father taught English language.
Miyamoto graduated from Kanazawa Municipal College of Industrial Arts with a degree in industrial design. However, he could not find a job. He also loved manga. Before he thought about starting a career in video games, he wanted to become a professional manga artist. Manga's classical kishōtenketsu narrative structure influenced him. Western genre television shows also influenced him. The game that made him want to enter the video game industry was the 1978 arcade game Space Invaders.

Career

1977–1984: Arcade beginnings and Donkey Kong 

Nintendo was a small Japanese company in the late 1970s. They had traditionally sold playing cards and other novelties. However, they started making toys and games in the mid-1960s. Through a mutual friend, Miyamoto's father set up an interview with Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi. After showing some of his toy creations, Miyamoto was hired in 1977 as an apprentice in the planning department.
Miyamoto became Nintendo's first artist. He helped create the art for Nintendo's first original coin-operated arcade video game, Sheriff. He first helped the company develop a game with the 1980 release Radar Scope. The game had some success in Japan. However, by 1981, Nintendo's efforts to sell it in the North American video game market failed. This left the company with a lot of arcade machines that were not sold. Nintendo was also facing financial ruin. In order to try to keep Nintendo going, Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi decided to change unsold Radar Scope machines into a new arcade game. He asked Miyamoto to do this. Miyamoto said self-deprecatingly that "no one else was available" to do the work. Nintendo's head engineer, Gunpei Yokoi, oversaw the project.
Miyamoto thought of many characters and story ideas, but eventually decided on a love triangle between a gorilla, a carpenter, and a girl. He wanted to create something like what was with comic characters Bluto and Popeye for the woman Olive Oyl. Although, Nintendo tried to get the rights to Popeye, but they failed. Bluto became an ape, a form Miyamoto said was "nothing too evil or disgusting". This ape would be the pet of the main character, "a funny, hang-loose kind of guy." Miyamoto also said "Beauty and the Beast" and the 1933 film King Kong influenced him. Donkey Kong was the first time that the creation of a video game's story came before the actual programming. Usually, the story was added without much care. Miyamoto had high hopes for his new project. However, he did not actually know how to program it himself; instead, he thought of the game's concepts, then asked technicians on whether they were possible
. He wanted to make the characters different sizes, move in different ways, and react in various ways. However, Yokoi thought Miyamoto's original design was too difficult. Yokoi suggested using see-saws to catapult the character across the screen; however, this was also too difficult to do. Miyamoto next thought of using sloped platforms and ladders to move the character. He thought of using barrels for obstacles. When he asked that the game have multiple stages, the four-man programming team complained that he was basically asking them to make the game repeat, but the team eventually programmed the game. When the game was sent to Nintendo of America for testing, the sales manager did not like how it was different from the maze and shooter games common at the time. When American staffers started naming the characters, they decided on "Pauline" for the woman. She was named after Polly James, wife of Nintendo's Redmond, Washington, warehouse manager, Don James. The playable character was first called "Jumpman"
. They changed the name to Mario. He was named after Mario Segale, the warehouse landlord. These character names were written on the American cabinet art and used in advertising. The staff also got an English name for the game. The title was Donkey Kong.
Donkey Kong was successful. Miyamoto started to work on sequels Donkey Kong Jr. in 1982 and Donkey Kong 3 in 1983. In the next game, he changed the Donkey Kong character Jumpman into Mario. He gave him a brother: Luigi. He named the new game Mario Bros. Yokoi convinced Miyamoto to give Mario some special powers, namely being able to fall from any height without getting hurt. Mario's look in Donkey Kong—overalls, a hat, and a thick mustache—led Miyamoto to change parts of the game. He changed it to make Mario look like a plumber instead of a carpenter. Miyamoto thought that New York City would be the best setting for the game. He thought it was the best place because it has a "maze of subterranean sewage pipes". The two-player mode and other parts of gameplay were influenced by an earlier video game called Joust. To date, games in the Mario Bros. series have been released for many consoles
. Shortly after, Miyamoto also drew the character sprites and game design for the Baseball, Tennis, and Golf games on the NES.
1985–1989: NES/Famicom, Super Mario Bros., and The Legend of Zelda 

Nintendo released its first home video game console, the Family Computer (released in North America as the Nintendo Entertainment System). While this happened, Miyamoto created two of the most famous games for the console and in the history of video games as a whole: Super Mario Bros. (a sequel to Mario Bros.) and The Legend of Zelda (an entirely original title).
In both games, Miyamoto decided to focus more on gameplay than on high scores. This was different from most games at the time. Super Mario Bros. was a linear game. The player moved the stage by running, jumping, and dodging or defeating enemies. Miyamoto used nonlinear gameplay in The Legend of Zelda. This requires the player to think their way through riddles and puzzles. The world was big and it seemed to never end. It had a lot of different choices and depth never seen before in a video game. With The Legend of Zelda, Miyamoto wanted to make an in-game world that players could relate to. He said it was like a "small garden that they can put inside their drawer." He was influenced from his time as a boy around Kyoto. When he was a boy, he explored nearby fields, woods, and caves; each Zelda title has this feeling of exploration. "When I was a child," Miyamoto said, "I went hiking and found a lake. It was quite a surprise for me to find it
. When I traveled around the country without a map, trying to find my way, finding amazing things as I went, I realized how it felt to go on an adventure like this." He recreated his memories of becoming lost in the maze of sliding doors in his family home in Zeldas maze-like dungeons. In February 1986, Nintendo released the game as the first game for the Nintendo Entertainment System's new Disk System.
Miyamoto worked on different games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. These games included Ice Climber, Kid Icarus, Excitebike, and Devil World. He also worked on sequels to Super Mario Bros and The Legend of Zelda.

Super Mario Bros. 3 was developed by Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development; the game took more than two years to make.

1990–2000: SNES, Nintendo 64, Super Mario 64, and Ocarina of Time
A merger between Nintendo's different internal research and development teams led to the creation of Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development (Nintendo EAD). Miyamoto was the head of it. Nintendo EAD had about fifteen months to develop F-Zero, one of the launch titles for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Miyamoto worked on different games on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. One of them was Star Fox. For the game, programmer Jez San convinced Nintendo to make an upgrade for the Super Nintendo. This upgrade would allow it to be able to show three-dimensional graphics better. This upgrade was the Super FX chip. Using this new hardware, Miyamoto and Katsuya Eguchi designed the Star Fox game with an early use of three-dimensional graphics.
Miyamoto produced two big Mario titles for the system. The first game was Super Mario World. It was a launch title. It was included with Super Nintendo Entertainment System consoles. It had an overworld as in Super Mario Bros.. It had a new character, Yoshi. Yoshi would go on to be in many other Nintendo games. The second Mario game for the system was Super Mario RPG. It was different than most Mario games. Miyamoto led a team that was a partnership between Nintendo and Square Co.; it took almost a year to develop the graphics. The story takes place in a newly rendered Mushroom Kingdom based on the Super Mario Bros. series.
Shigeru Miyamoto helped Satoshi Tajiri. Miyamoto guided him during the creation of Pocket Monsters: Red and Green (released in English as Pokémon Red and Blue), the first video games in the Pokémon series. He was also the producer for these games. Miyamoto worked on social gameplay ideas such as trading. Pokémon would become one of the most popular entertainment franchises in the world, spanning video games, anime, and other merchandise.
Miyamoto made several games for the Nintendo 64. Most of these games were from his previous franchises. His first game on the Nintendo 64 was Super Mario 64. He was the main director. In developing the game, he started with character design and the camera system. Miyamoto and the other designers were unsure of what the game should be like. It took months to decide on a good camera view and layout. The first idea used a fixed path. This would have been similar to an isometric-type game.They decided on a free-roaming 3D design. He changed the design of the Nintendo 64 controller to fit with that of Super Mario 64.
Using what he had learned about the Nintendo 64 from developing Super Mario 64 and Star Fox 64, Miyamoto produced his next game, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. He led a team of several directors. Individual parts of Ocarina of Time were developed by multiple directors—a new strategy for Nintendo EAD. However, when things progressed slower than expected, Miyamoto returned to the development team with a more central role. He was helped in public by interpreter Bill Trinen. The team was new to 3D games. However, assistant director Makoto Miyanaga remembers a feeling of "passion for creating something new and never done before". Miyamoto went on to produce a sequel to Ocarina of Time, known as The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask.

Miyamoto worked many Mario series spin-offs for the Nintendo 64. These included Mario Kart 64 and Mario Party.

2000–2011: GameCube, Wii, and DS
Miyamoto produced many games for the GameCube. This included the launch title Luigi's Mansion. The game was first shown at Nintendo Space World 2000 as a technical demo. It was designed to show off the graphical power of the GameCube. Miyamoto made a short demo of the game concepts. Nintendo decided to make it a full game. Luigi's Mansion was later shown at E3 2001 with the GameCube console. Miyamoto made more Mario spinoffs in these years. He also produced the 3D game series Metroid Prime. This was because the original designer Yokoi, a friend of Miyamoto's, died. In this time he developed Pikmin and its sequel Pikmin 2. These games were based on his experiences gardening. He also worked on new games for the Star Fox, Donkey Kong, F-Zero, and The Legend of Zelda series on the GameCube and the Game Boy Advance systems. With the help of Hideo Kojima, he helped the developers of Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes. He helped with many games on the Nintendo DS
. The games included the remake of Super Mario 64, Super Mario 64 DS. It also included the new game Nintendogs, a new franchise based on his own experiences with dogs.
2011–present: Wii U, 3DS, and Switch 
Miyamoto produced Super Mario 3D Land and Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon for the 3DS, and Pikmin 3 for the Wii U.

After Nintendo president Satoru Iwata died in July 2015, Miyamoto was chosen to be an acting Representative Director, along with Genyo Takeda. He was no longer in this position in September 2015 when Tatsumi Kimishima became the company's president. He was also chosen to be in the position of "Creative Fellow" at the same time. He would give expert advice to Kimishima as a "support network" alongside Takeda.

Miyamoto was a creative director on the 2017 game Super Mario Odyssey. He was not one of its producers. He is credited as being a big influence on the game's development.
Development philosophy
Miyamoto and Nintendo do not use focus groups. Instead, Miyamoto figures out if a game is fun by playing it himself. He says that if he enjoys it, others will too. He uses how the Pokémon series was created as an example. He said "And that's the point – Not to make something sell, something very popular, but to love something, and make something that we creators can love. It's the most important feeling we should have when we make games."

Impact
Impact 

Time called Miyamoto "the Spielberg of video games" and "the father of modern video games." The Daily Telegraph says he is "regarded by many as possibly the most important game designer of all time." GameTrailers called him "the most influential game creator in history." Miyamoto has greatly influenced various things about video games in general. The Daily Telegraph credited him with creating "some of the most innovative, ground breaking and successful work in his field." Many of Miyamoto's works have started new video game concepts or changed existing ones. Miyamoto's games have received outstanding critical praise. Some are considered to be the best games of all time.

Miyamoto's games have also sold very well. Some became the best-selling games on Nintendo consoles and of all time. As of 1999, his games had sold 250 million copies and grossed billions of dollars.

Critical reception 
Miyamoto's games have received a lot of praise. Many of his games are considered some of the best of all time.
Games in Miyamoto's The Legend of Zelda series have received a lot of praise. A Link to the Past was a big game for Nintendo. It is considered today to be one of the best video games ever made. Ocarina of Time is considered by critics and gamers to be one of the best video games ever made. Twilight Princess was praised by nearly everyone who reviewed it. It is the third highest-rated game for the Wii. It received perfect scores from major publications such as CVG, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy.

Many critics and fans say Super Mario 64 is one of the best and most revolutionary video games of all time.

Metacritic says that Super Mario Galaxy and Super Mario Galaxy 2 are the first- and second-highest rated games for the Wii.

A 1995 article in Maximum said that "in gaming communities, Miyamoto's name is more famous than Steven Spielberg's could ever be."
Commercial reception 
Miyamoto's games have sold very well. many of them became some of the best-selling games on Nintendo consoles and of all time.
Miyamoto's Mario series is the best-selling video game franchise of all time. It has sold over 400 million units. Super Mario Bros. is the second best-selling video game of all time. Super Mario Bros., Super Mario Bros. 3, and Super Mario Bros. 2 were, respectively, the three best-selling games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Levi Buchanan of IGN considered Super Mario Bros. 3s appearance in the film The Wizard as a show-stealing part. He said the movie was a "90-minute commercial" for the game. Super Mario World was the best-selling game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Super Mario 64 was the best-selling Nintendo 64 game. As of May 21, 2003, the game had sold eleven million copies. At the end of 2007, Guinness World Records said the sales were 11.8 million copies. As of September 25, 2007, it was the seventh best-selling video game in the United States because it had sold six million copies. By June 2007, Super Mario 64 had become the second most popular title on Wii's Virtual Console