Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Katowice (pronounce:  , also known as Kattowitz in German) is a city in Poland. It is in the south of Poland in the historical region called Silesia on Kłodnica and Rawa river. It received city rights in 1865. Between 1953 and 1956 Katowice had the name Stalinogród - "Stalin City". It was given by the polish communists. There are about 315,123 people living there. The mayor of the city is Marcin Krupa. For a long period of time the city was ruled by Germans, as it was a part of Germany until 1918. There is a little airport called Airport Muchowiec. There are both modern and old buildings in Katowice. It was the center of the coal mining and metallurgy.

Districts

Famous people from Katowice 

 Hans Bellmer, surrealist photographer
 Henryk M. Broder, journalist
 Maria Goeppert-Mayer
 Kurt Goldstein, neurologist
 Richard Herrmann, German footballer
 Jerzy Kukuczka 
 Kazimierz Kutz 
 Franz Leopold Neumann 
 Hans Sachs
Twin towns 
 Cologne (Germany)
 Groningen (Netherlands)
 Miskolc (Hungary)
 Mobile, Alabama (United States)
 Odense (Denmark)
 Ostrava (Czech Republic)
 Saint-Etienne (France)

References

Other websites 

 The Municipal Council of Katowice 
 The Commercial Website of Katowice
 Katowice, Silesia 
 A webcam view of Katowice 
 Hotel in Katowice 
 Tram in Katowice

Cities in Silesian Voivodeship
A mobile phone (also known as a hand phone, cell phone, or cellular telephone) is a small portable radio telephone.

The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long distances without wires. It works by communicating with a nearby base station (also called a "mobile tower") which connects it to the main phone network. When moving, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a "hand off," and the call continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is done so well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was transferred to another cell.
As mobile phones became more popular, they began to cost less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became available for rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become so cheap to own that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths except for urban areas with many people.

In the 21st century, a new type of mobile phone, called smartphones, have become popular. Since the 2010s, more people use smartphones than the old kind of mobile phone, which are called feature phones.

History 
Mobile phones in the 1950s through 1970s were large and heavy, and most were built into cars. In the late 20th century technology improved so people could carry their phones with ease.

Although Dr. Martin Cooper from Motorola made the first call using a mobile phone in 1973 (using a handset weighing  2 kilograms), it did not use the type of cellular mobile phone network that we use today.
The first cellular mobile phone networks were created in 1979 in Japan. Now almost all urban areas, and many country areas, are covered by mobile phone networks.

Technology 
A cell phone combines technologies, mainly telephone, radio, and computer. Most also have a digital camera inside.

Cell phones work as two-way radios. They send electromagnetic microwaves from base station to base station. The waves are sent through antennas. This is called wireless communication.

Early cell telephones used analog networks. They became rare late in the 20th century. Modern phones use digital networks.
The first digital networks are also known as second generation, or 2G, technologies. The most used digital network is GSM (Global System for Mobile communication). It is used mainly in Europe and Asia, while CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) networks are mainly used in North America. The difference is in communication protocol. Other countries like Japan have different 2G protocols. A few 2G networks are still used. 3G are more common, and many places have 4G.

The radio waves that the mobile phone networks use are split into different frequencies. The frequency is measured in Hz. Low frequencies can send the signal farther. Higher frequencies provide better connections and the voice communications are generally clearer. Four main frequencies are used around the world: 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz. Europe uses 900 and 1800 MHz and North America uses 850 and 1900 MHz.
Today there are mobile phones that work on two, three or four frequencies. The most advanced phones  work on all frequencies. They are called 'world' phones and can be used everywhere.

Shapes 

There are different kinds of phones. A flip phone flips open, and is best for calling. A bar phone is shaped like a candy bar, and the keys and screen are on one face. A slate phone is a phone that has almost no buttons, and uses a touchscreen. Most smartphones are slates. A slider phone slides on rails. It can slide out number keys or a mini keyboard, but some do both. A swivel spins on an axle.

How mobile phones work
When a mobile phone is switched on, its radio receiver finds a nearby mobile phone network base station, and its transmitter sends a request for service. Computers in the base station check if the phone is allowed to use the network. The base station covers an area called a cell. A phone can move between different cells, but will only communicate with one cell at a time. This is why mobile communications are sometimes called cellular communications.

Once connected to a station, the mobile phone can make calls. Because the network knows that the phone is connected to that particular cell, it can also route calls to the mobile phone. Sometimes the radio connection to the cell is lost, for example when you go underground. This means the phone cannot make or receive calls until the connection is made again.

Networks and payment
The network is the company that provides the phone service. In most areas there will be more than one mobile network. Customers choose networks based on how well the different networks work in their area, or by price.

There are two main ways to pay for mobile phone calls:            

 Contract
 If you pay by contract you will pay the network money every month so that you can make calls. Usually you can talk for a lot of time for the monthly fee, but if you do not use the phone a lot you still pay the same money.
 Pay as you use
 If you pay as you use, you will pay for a fixed amount of call time credit which you then use up when phoning people. Once the credit is used up you must buy some more to use the phone. This can be cheaper if you do not use the phone a lot.
Mobile phones use different technical standards. GSM phones need a separate microchip, called a Subscriber Identity Module or SIM card, to work. The SIM has information like the phone number and payment account and this is needed to make or receive calls. The SIM may be supplied by the same company as the phone, or a different one. Sometimes you can change the network by using a SIM from another network, but some companies do not want this to happen and they lock the phone so that you have to use their SIM.  

The others have a special radio inside them that only makes phone calls when the phone is activated. When someone buys a contract, the network gives them a code, that if they enter it into the phone, the phone will then make calls. It is usually impossible to switch to a different network's code on this type of phone. The majority of these CDMA phones are used in the United States and nearby countries.

Smartphones 
Main page: Smartphone
A majority of new mobile phones from the 21st century are smartphones. These phones are basically  small computers. Besides calling, they can be used for email, browsing the internet, showing local maps, playing music and games, and many other functions that computers can perform. 

Most smartphones run a common mobile operating system. This allows developers to make mobile apps that work on many different phones without needing to change the code. Examples of smartphones include Apple's iPhone (which uses iOS software) and Samsung's Galaxy series, one of many phones that use the Android platform made by Google.

Mobile case 

Cases, which are designed to attach to, support, or otherwise hold a smartphone, are popular accessories. Some have a keyboard built in. Case measures are based on the display inches (e.g. 5 inch display). There are different types:

 Pouches and sleeves
 Holsters
 Shells
 Skins
 Bumpers
 Flip cases and wallets
 Leather case
 Screen protectors and body films
In the 21st century, a new type of mobile phone, called smartphones, have become popular. More people are using smartphones than the old kind of mobile phone, which are called feature phones covers

Holsters are commonly used alone for devices that include rubberized padding, and/or are made of plastic and without exposed rigid corners. Heavy duty cases are designed to protect from drops and scratches.

Related pages 
 4G
 5G

References
Amazon can be:
 one of the Amazons, a group of female warriors in Greek mythology 
 The Amazon River, a big river in South America
 The Amazon Basin, the area drained by the river
 The Amazon Rainforest, the forest surrounding the river
 Amazon.com a big online store
Giorgio Napolitano (29 June 1925 – 22 September 2023) was an Italian politician who was the 11th President of Italy from 2006 to 2015. He was born in Naples, Italy.

He was elected on May 10, 2006 on the fourth ballot, with 543 votes out of 1009 (the required number was 505), but he took office as president only on May 15, 2006, after Carlo Azeglio Ciampi's time was finished.

He was voted mostly by the left-wing coalition led by Prime Minister Romano Prodi, head of the Italian Government. Napolitano was preceded at his job by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. He was nicknamed King George by his critics. 

Napolitano resigned as President of Italy on January 14, 2015 due to his old age.

Napolitano was hospitalized in Rome on 29 June 2023, shortly after his 98th birthday. He died on 22 September 2023 at the age of 98.

References
References

Presidents of Italy
Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi
1925 births
2023 deaths
Politicians from Naples
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
Robert Carlyle Byrd (November 20, 1917 – June 28, 2010) was a Senator of the state of West Virginia from 1959 until his death in 2010. He is the longest serving Senator in United States History. He was dean of the United States Senate from 2003 to 2010. He was president pro tempore four times. He was elected to the Senate in 1958. He served as majority leader from 1977 to 1981 and again from 1987 to 1989. He was also minority leader from 1981 to 1987. He was a member of the KKK.

Early life
Byrd was born on November 20, 1917 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. He was married to Erma James from 1937 until her death in 2006. They had two children.

Political career
Byrd was fourth person in the state (as President pro tempore of the Senate, usually longest serving Senator from majority party) from January 1989 to January 1995, from January 3, 2001 to January 20, 2001 and again from June 2001 to January 2003 and January 2007 until his death in 2010.
After Republicans retook control of the Senate, he became the honorary President "pro tempore emeritus" In 2007, Byrd became President Pro Tempore of the Senate again. Before he was elected to the Senate he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1953 until 1959 (he is dean of all Congress).

He was a vocal opponent of President George W. Bush's war in Iraq. In January 2006 he was one of the only four (alongside Ben Nelson of Nebraska, Kent Conrad of North Dakota and Ken Salazar of Colorado) democratic Senators, who voted for Samuel Alito.

Death
Byrd died on June 28, 2010 in Falls Church, Virginia from problems caused by heat exhaustion, aged 92.

References
References

1917 births
2010 deaths
American Baptists
Lawyers from North Carolina
Deans of the United States Senate
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
1976 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from West Virginia
United States senators from West Virginia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Deaths from exhaustion
Artemis is the Greek goddess of the Moon, hunting, archery, virginity and midwifery. She is one of the members of the Twelve Olympians who ruled the world on top of Mount Olympus. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, older twin sister of Apollo. Her Roman equivalent is Diana.  

Artemis is generally depicted as a beautiful huntress wearing a sleeveless tunic and carrying a bow and arrow. She is accompanied by a group of nymphs huntresses. Bow, arrow, quiver and knives serves as her symbols. While deer and stags is her sacred animal.

Ancient Greek myths involving Artemis

Birth

Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry. She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.
Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island or mainland, and gave birth there. Hera then locked up the goddess of childbirth, Eilethyia, so she could not give birth to the twins. Then, all the other goddesses convinced her to let her free so she could finally give birth. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem. However she was in labor with Apollo for nine days. Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

Acteon

A mortal hunter named Acteon stumbled upon Artemis while she was bathing in one of his hunting session with his friends. Artemis discovered him and she was enraged. So she inflicted a punishment upon him for spying on her whilst she was bathing by transforming him into a stag. She sent his own hunting dogs to tear him apart.

Hippolytos
Hippolytos 

Hippolytos, a companion and devotee of Artemis, was slain through the machinations of Aphrodite, as punishment for his scorning of love and neglecting her worship. Artemis avenged the death of Hippolytos by killing Aphrodite's favourite lover, Adonis. She later petitioned Asclepius to bring the boy back to life, and spirited him away to her sacred shrine in Aricia.

Related pages
 Artume - Etruscan mythology version of Artemis. 
 Diana - Roman mythology version of Artemis.
 Temple of Artemis

Other websites 

 Theoi Project, Artemis, information on Artemis from original Greek and Roman sources, images from classical art.
 Hymn To Artemis - The Virgin Goddess of the Hunt
 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) (eds. G. E. Marindin, William Smith, LLD, William Wayte)

Twelve Olympians
Gods and goddesses of the moon
Virgin goddesses
Apollo is a god in Greek mythology, and one of the Twelve Olympians. He is the son of Zeus and Leto and the twin brother of Artemis. He is the god of healing, medicine, archery, music, dance, poetry, prophecy, knowledge, light and the sun. He is the leader of the Muses. He also is a god of prophecy, and his Oracle at Delphi is very important. He also is the god of justice. During the 5th century BC, Apollo became also known as the god of Sun, becoming one with the god Helios, and getting the name Phoebus. He is shown as a handsome young man, wearing a laurel wreath and playing the lyre or kithara. It is known as his symbol. His other symbols include the raven.

Myths about Apollo 
Apollon or Apollo was one of the Twelve Olympians, the 12 most important gods in Greek mythology. Because of this, there are many myths about him:
The Birth of Apollo 
Apollo and his twin sister Artemis were the children of Zeus, the king of the Greek gods, and the goddess Leto. When Leto became pregnant, Zeus already had a wife, the queen of the gods Hera. Hera was angry that Zeus was having children with Leto, and cursed Leto so that she could not ever give birth to her children anywhere on the earth where the sun shone. Hera then sent a serpent called Python to eat her. Python chased Leto to the edge of the sea, where Leto swam to the island of Delos. Python could not swim, however, and had to leave her alone. The island of Delos was at that time just a big rock floating on the sea, not an island yet, so it wasn't "on the earth". So Leto climbed under the shade of a palm tree and gave birth to her daughter Artemis, and then her son Apollo. Delos then became Apollo's and Artemis' sacred land. It varies from myth to myth what twin was born first.
When Apollo grew up, he went to his father Zeus and asked for a golden bow with arrows as bright and sharp as the sunshine. Then he went looking for a place to build his temple. He came to a spring that belonged to a nymph called Telephusa and tried to build his temple there, but Telephusa suggested he build his temple at Delphi instead, since there was already a shrine there to Themis, the goddess of telling the future. Apollo went to Delphi but found out it was taken over by Python, the dragon who had tried to eat his mother. He killed the Python with a hundred arrows and claimed Delphi as his temple. He got two sailors to be his priests and then gave a girl the power of telling the future. The girl became his priestess or oracle. The little god Eros, the son of the love goddess Aphrodite, had watched Apollo kill Python and worshiped Apollo as his idol. Apollo, however, was annoyed by Eros and insulted him
. Eros got angry and shot Apollo with his magic arrow, making him fall in love with a nymph named Daphne. Daphne didn't love Apollo and shunned him. Apollo chased her, and she turned herself into a laurel tree to escape him. Apollo still loved her and made the laurel one of his symbols.
Apollo and Hermes 
Apollo looked after the cattle of the sun-god Helios while Helios was driving the sun through the sky. While Apollo was chasing Daphne, the mischievous baby god Hermes stole the cattle and confused Apollo by making the cattle walk backward as they left their pen. When Apollo went looking for them, it looked like they had walked into the ranch instead of out. Hermes also told a nearby man that he would make him rich if he told no one about what he saw Hermes do. The man, Battos, told Apollo anyway and was later turned into stone by Hermes as punishment. Apollo took Hermes in front of all the gods to be judged. Hermes acted innocent, though, and finally convinced Apollo to forgive him by giving him the lyre. Apollo loved this lyre so much that he not only let Hermes keep the cattle but also gave him the caduceus, a magic wand that could heal wounds and cause sleep. Hermes tried the caduceus out on two dying snakes, who came back to life and curled around the wand for the rest of eternity.
Other websites

Twelve Olympians
Nike (Greek: Νίκη) is the goddess of victory in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Styx and Pallas and the sister of Cratos, Bia, and Zelus. Nike and her brothers and sister were all friends of Zeus.  

Nike could run very fast, had wings and brings good luck.  She is usually worshipped at the same time as Athena. Nike is often linked with sport, with companies named for her like Nike Inc. A picture of Nike also appears in all the medals for the Summer Olympics. Her Roman name is Victoria.

The most famous statue of Nike is the Winged Victory of Samothrace.  This is now in the Louvre, which is a museum in Paris, France. She is a symbol of victory displayed outside Olympic stadiums in Olympia and in other places where there are Olympics. She is believed to always be watching over sport stadiums ready to  choose the victor of the game.

References 

Greek gods and goddesses
Daphne can mean:
Daphne, a dryad in Greek mythology

Art
Dafne is the name of an opera by Jacopo Peri (1597), no longer existent, and is considered to be the first opera ever composed.
Daphne is also the title of an opera by Richard Strauss based on the myth of the nymph Daphne.
Daphne Descends is a song on the Smashing Pumpkins' Adore album.
Daphne is a song on several Django Reinhardt albums, such as Djangology.  The song was originally written in 1938.

Sciences
Daphne is also a genus of shrubs in the plant family Thymelaeaceae, noted for their scented flowers and poisonous berries.
41 Daphne is the name of an asteroid.
DAΦNE is a nuclear physics experiment in Frascati, Italy.
DAPHNE is an emulator of Laserdisc Arcade Games.

Geography
 Many cities and villages in Greece are named Dafni
Daphne is the name of a city in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Fiction
Daphne Blake is a character in the television cartoon Scooby-Doo.
Daphne Broon is a character in the Scottish cartoon strip The Broons.
Daphne Moon is a character in the Emmy Award Winning Show Frasier.
Daphne is the name of a tree that is important in finding Maia Mizuki's lost memories, in the anime Daphne in the Brilliant Blue (2004)

Other
SS Daphne was a ship which sank disastrously in 1883.
"Daphne II" is a European Community program based on the decission 803/2004/CE from the European Parliament, to prevent and fight violence against women and children and protect the victims and risk groups; It states a common position and strategy from the representatives of the European citizenship.
Montagu Island is the largest island of the South Sandwich Islands.

Other websites

islands
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Styx is the goddess of the river Styx in Greek mythology, and was the only female river goddess. She was the daughter of Okeanos and Tethys, and with Pallas was also the mother of Zelus, Nike, Kratos, and Bia (and sometimes Eos). During the Titanomachy she sent the children to help Zeus. To reward her for helping the Olympians, Zeus did not throw her in Tartarus, but let her be the guardian of the river Styx. She is the wife of the ferryman, Charon, and the guardian of the river Coctylus, Archeon.

Greek gods and goddesses
Afterlife
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Gods and goddesses of water
Julius Henry Marx or Groucho Marx (October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977) was an American actor and comedian . He was best known for work with his siblings in The Marx Brothers and then later on his own. He was also best known for portraying a fast-talking "wise guy" with bushy eyebrows, glasses, rectangle moustache and a cigar.

1890 births
1977 deaths
Actors from New York City
American Jews
American movie actors
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from pneumonia
National Radio Hall of Fame inductees
Greek mythology is a large collection of stories, started in Ancient Greece, about the beginning of the world, and the lives and adventures of gods, goddesses, heroes, and heroines.

Gods and goddesses 
The gods and goddesses in Greek mythology have special parts in the world. For instance, Zeus is the god of the sky, Poseidon is the god of the sea and Hephaestus is the god of metal work, forging and fire. They can make themselves invisible to humans and move to any place in a very short amount of time.  Gods and goddesses also never get sick and can only be hurt by very unusual causes. This is called being immortal. The king of the gods was Zeus. The gods were children of the Titans such as Kronos and Rhea.

Greek mythology has thirteen main gods known as the Twelve Olympians plus Hades, the brother of Zeus. They were Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Hephaestus, Dionysus, Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Ares, Demeter, Aphrodite and Hermes.  Before them there were the twelve Titans.
The myth of the Sun 
The Greeks believed that the sun was pulled across the sky by a chariot driven by the god, Apollo, (Or Helios, as some say, the titan who drove the 'sun chariot' across the sky before his successor Apollo)  and he himself was the god of archery, poetry, and Oracles. Every day, Apollo would drive the Sun Chariot across the sky.

The Greek creation myth 
The Ancient Greeks believed that in the beginning, the world was in a state of nothingness which they called Chaos. Suddenly, from light, came Gaia (Mother Earth) and from her came Uranus (the sky) along with other old gods (called primordials) like Pontus (the primordial god of the oceans). Gaia and Uranus had 12 children, the Titans. The most important of the 12 children were Kronos and Rhea.
Zeus was, from then on, the leader of the gods. Poseidon took over the oceans. Hades took over the Underworld. Zeus married his sister Hera and crowned her Queen of Olympus.

Related pages 
 List of Greek gods and goddesses
 List of people in Greek mythology
 Mythology
 Roman mythology

References

Extra reading 

 “Greek Creation Myth.” Creation Myths -- Greek Creation Myth, www.cs.williams.edu/~lindsey/myths/myths_16.html. 
 Overly Sarcastic Productions. “Classics Summarized: The Iliad.” YouTube, 23 Jan. 2015, youtu.be/faSrRHw6eZ8.
 Overly Sarcastic Productions. “Classics Summarized: The Odyssey.” YouTube, 3 Feb. 2015, youtu.be/A-3rHQ70Pag.
Gaia can mean:
 Gaia (mythology): the earth and mother of the gods in Greek mythology
 Gaia (spacecraft): European space mission to collect data on Milky Way stars and other objects
 Gaia hypothesis: the idea that living things and the Earth are closely connected, and form a complex self-regulating system, making sure there can be life on the planet. James Lovelock promoted this idea.
 Gaia (Abrahamic religion): the Deity of the medieval faith Deanism from Celtic England (Europe)
Ge or GE may stand for:
The letter G
Ge (Cyrillic) ( Г, г ), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet
Ge with upturn ( Ґ, ґ ), a letter of the Ukrainian alphabet
Germanium (Ge), a chemical element
Genetic engineering
Short name for Greek goddess Gaia
General Electric, a large American company
Georgia (country) by ISO code
Ge people (or Je) - indigenous Brazilian tribes or the Ge languages associated with them
See also: Gaia

Gaya may refer to:

 Gaya Confederacy, an ancient Korean league of chiefdoms.
 Gaya, India, a city in Bihar state in India.
 Gaya District, India
 Gaya, Niger, a city in Niger.
 Gaya (plant), a plant genus in the family Malvaceae.
Nyx was the goddess of the night in Greek mythology. She came out of Chaos.

Her Roman equivalent was Nox.

Hesiod's Theogony 
In his theogony (How the gods came to be), Hesiod tells: Night is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus, Night gives birth to the following deities:
 Aether ("atmosphere") and Hemera ("day").
Later, on her own, Night gives birth to 
 Momus "blame"
 Ponos "toil"
 Moros "fate"
 Thanatos "death"
 Hypnos "sleep", 
 the Oneiroi "the tribe of dreams"
 the Hesperides
 the Keres and Fates
 Nemesis "retribution"
 Apate "deception"
 Philotes "friendship"
 Geras "age", 
 and Eris "strife". 

In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera "day", who is now Night's sister rather than daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri "night" in the Rig-Veda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas "dawn".
Children 
 Only hers:
Hypnos, the god of sleep.
 Thanatos, the god of death.
 Apate, the god of deception.
 Eris, the god of strife.
 Geras, the god of age.
 Momus, the god of blame.
 Moros, the god of fate.
 Philotes, the god of friendship.
 Ponus, the god of toil.

Related pages
 Nox - Etruscan mythology version of Nyx.

Greek gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Hemera was the goddess of daylight in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Erebus and Nyx, and the sister of Moros, Charon, Keres and Nemesis.  

Hyginus lists their children as Uranus, Gaia, and Thalassa (the primordial sea goddess), while Hesiod only lists Thalassa as their child.

Aether was her brother and consort. Hyginus listed Gaia, Thalassa and Ouranos as their children. In Hesiod's "Theogony", Hemera was only mother of Thalassa.

Hemera's mother was the goddess of the night and her father was the god of darkness. they were brother and sister and married and had kids Hemera was one of them.
Her grandmother was the goddess of air.

Greek gods and goddesses
Aether was the God of light in Greek mythology. He was the son of Erebus and Nyx. Aether is one of the primordial deities, the first-born elementals.

Damascius says that Aether, Erebus and Chaos were siblings, and the offspring of Chronos (Father Time). According to Epiphanius, the world began as a cosmic egg, encircled by Time and Inevitability (most likely Chronos and Ananke) in serpent fashion. Together they constricted the egg, squeezing its matter with great force, until the world divided into two hemispheres. After that, the atoms sorted themselves out. The lighter and finer ones floated above and became the Bright Air (Aether and/or Ouranos) and the rarefied Wind (Chaos), while the heavier and dirtier atoms sank and became the Earth (Gaia) and the Ocean (Pontos and/or Oceanus). See also Plato's Myth of Er.

References

Greek gods and goddesses
The Keres are female death spirits in Greek mythology, and were the daughters of Erebus and Nyx.  They look very dark and have sharp teeth, claws and like the taste of blood.  The Keres look around battlefields for hurt people and people who are dying.

Greek legendary creatures
Eris (, "Strife") is the goddess of strife and discord in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Nyx, but has no father. She is the opposite of Harmonia, who is the goddess of harmony.

The Romans called her Discordia. In Roman statues of Discordia, and in other Roman art of her, she looks scary and ugly, and she is holding a knife. There are a few myths about this goddess, such as the one involving the golden apple.

Discordians 
Nowadays, there are some people who call themselves Discordians. This idea comes from a book called Principia Discordia, which was written by Greg Hill and Kerry Thornley in San Francisco in the year 1958 or 1959. The book says that Eris might not have been scary and ugly after all, but that she was just misunderstood.

The Principia Discordia describes the Discordian Society and its Goddess Eris, as well as the basics of Discordianism.

Greek gods and goddesses
Geras is the god of age in Greek mythology.  His mother is Nyx, but he has no father.

Greek gods and goddesses
Hypnos is the god of sleep in Greek mythology. He is the son of Nyx and the twin brother of Thanatos, the god of death.

His sons are the Oneroi: Morpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos.

His Roman equivalent was Somnus. Hypnos was represented as a gentle young man, usually with wings attached to his temples or shoulders.

Greek gods and goddesses
Momus is the god of blame in Greek mythology.  His mother is Nyx, but he has no father. He was kicked out of Olympus after criticizing Zeus and Aphrodite.

Greek gods and goddesses
Moros is the personification of doom in Greek mythology. He was the child of Nyx and brother to Thanatos. It is believed that he decided the destiny of each mortal.

Greek gods and goddesses
Metis is the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology. She is one of the Titans and is the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was the mother of Athena.

There is also a moon named after Metis.

When she was inside Zeus, Metis made a helmet and a robe for her baby. The hammering noise caused Zeus to have a headache. To try and help Zeus with the pain, Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, or Palaemon (depending on the myth) cut his head open with a Minoan axe.  Athena then came out of Zeus's head. She was fully grown and had her armour on.

Related pages
Athena
9 Metis
Titans
Eos (Ionic and Homeric Greek: Ἠώς, Ēōs; Attic: Ἕως, Éōs; Aeolic: Αὔως, Aúōs; Doric: Ἀώς, Āṓs) is the goddess of the dawn in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. She is the sister of Helios, god of the sun, and Selene, goddess of the moon.

Myth 
Eos leaves her home, which was at the edge of ocean, every morning to wake her brother, Helios. She opens the gates of heaven so that Helios can ride his chariot across the sky each day.

Related pages
 Aurora - Roman mythology version of Eos.
 Thesan - Etruscan mythology version of Eos.

Titans
Selene is also another name for the moon

Selene () is the goddess of the Moon in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. She is the sister of Helios, god of the Sun, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. She is often shown driving her chariot across the night sky, drawn by a team of winged horses. Many other goddesses, such as Artemis and Hecate, were associated with the moon, but only Selene was regarded as the personification of the Moon itself. Her Roman equivalent is Luna.

Etymology
The etymology of Selene is unknown, but if the word is from Greek, it is probably connected to the word selas, meaning "light". Boreion Selas is the Greek name for Aurora Borealis. The word selenology, the study of the geology of the Moon, comes from her name. The chemical element Selenium was also named after Selene.
Depictions
In post-Renaissance art, Selene is shown as a beautiful woman with a pale face. She is sometimes riding a silver chariot (cart) pulled by oxen or a pair of horses. Often, she is shown riding a horse or bull, wearing robes and a half-moon on her head and carrying a torch.

Mythology

Genealogy
In the old pre-Olympian genealogy of the gods, Helios, the sun, is Selene's brother: after her brother, Helios, finishes his trip across the sky, Selene, freshly washed in the waters of the Earth-circling Ocean, begins her own trip as night falls upon the earth, which becomes lit from the light of her head and golden crown. When she is growing after mid-month, it is a "sure token and a sign to mortal men". Her sister, Eos, is goddess of the dawn. Eos also carried off a human lover, Cephalus, which is like a myth of Selene and Endymion.
As a result of Selene becoming one with Artemis, later writers sometimes said Selene was a daughter of Zeus, like Artemis, or of Pallas the Titan. In the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, with its list of people's fathers, she is "bright Selene, daughter of the lord Pallas, Megamedes' son."
Lovers 
The Apollonius of Rhodes tells how Selene loved a mortal, the handsome hunter or shepherd—or, in the version Pausanias knew, a king— of Elis, named Endymion, from Asia Minor. He was so beautiful that Selene asked Zeus to grant him eternal sleep, she learned from her sister never to ask for eternal life or be left with a grasshopper in her hands so he would never leave her: her asking permission of Zeus is as an Olympian change to an older myth: Cicero Tusculanae Disputationes recognized that the moon goddess had done it by herself. Another story says Endymion made the decision to live forever in sleep. Every night, Selene went down behind Mount Latmus near MiletusPausanias geographerPausanias . Selene had fifty daughters, the Menae, by Endymion, including Naxos, the nymph of Naxos Island. The protected place of Endymion at Heraclea by Latmus|Heraclea on the southern slope of Latmus is a horseshoe-shaped room with an entrance hall and pillared front court.
Though the story of Endymion is the best-known one today, the Homeric hymn to Selene tells that Selene also had a daughter by Zeus, Pandia, the "utterly shining" full moon. According to some sources, the Nemean Lion was her child as well. She also had a brief relationship with Pan, who seduced her by wrapping himself in a sheepskin and gave her the yoke of white oxen that drew the chariot in which she is shown in sculptures, with her windblown veil above her head like the arching canopy of sky. In the Homeric hymn, her chariot is drawn by long-maned horses.

Luna
 
The Roman moon goddess, Luna, had a temple on the Aventine Hill. It was built in the sixth century BC, but was destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome when Nero was king. There was also a temple to Luna Noctiluca ("Luna that shines by night") on the Palatine Hill. There were parties in honor of Luna on March 31, August 24 and August 29.
Trivia
 The main character in Underworld and Underworld: Evolution is a woman named Selene who is a vampire. She is played by Kate Beckinsale.
 The Selene is a secret ship in the Playstation game Einhänder.
 Selene is the name Lanfear uses when she approaches Mat, Perrin, and Rand to talk about glory, in the Wheel of Time series written by Robert Jordan 
 She was depicted in the 2017 reboot of Ducktales, on Ithiquack, with Zeus and Storkcules.

References

Titans
Leto is a goddess in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe, who were Titans. Leto was the mother of the twins Artemis and Apollo, whose father was Zeus.

After the twins were born, Leto played very little part in Greek mythology. She is the goddess of motherhood and one of Zeus' many wives.

Birth of Artemis and Apollo
Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry.  She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.

Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island nor mainland, and gave birth there. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem.  However she was in labour with Apollo for nine days and nine nights.  Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

Related pages
Latona Fountain

Titans
Sioux Falls (pronounced "sue falls", ) is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the largest city in the state; 153,888 people lived there at the 2010 census. The city is in the eastern part of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County, where most of the city is located. The southern part of the city is in Lincoln County. Sioux Falls became a city in 1876. The city is built around the Big Sioux River, and it gets its name from a set of waterfalls along the river that are located in a park in the city.

Sports 
Sioux Falls is home to four major sports teams. The Sioux Falls Skyforce play basketball in the NBA Development League, the Sioux Falls Canaries play baseball in the American Association, the Sioux Falls Stampede play ice hockey in the United States Hockey League, and the Sioux Falls Storm play American football in the Indoor Football League.
Transport 
Two major Interstate highways go through Sioux Falls. Interstate 90 goes from east to west, and Interstate 29 goes from north to south. Sioux Falls also has a shorter route, Interstate 229, that serves the eastern part of the city and connects Interstate 90 to Interstate 29. The city is also home to the Sioux Falls Regional Airport, which has flights to many big cities across the country.

References

Other websites 
 City of Sioux Falls government website

County seats in South Dakota
 
1876 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Dakota Territory
The 30s decade ran from 1 January 30 to 31 December 39.

Events
circa 33 – Jesus is crucified, and according to Christianity, resurrects from the dead.
Christopher Eccleston (born 16 February 1964) is an English actor. He played the Ninth Doctor on Doctor Who in 2005. Before playing the doctor, he played the Son of God in The Second Coming. He has acted in movies, such as Let Him Have It, Shallow Grave, and Gone in 60 Seconds.

Eccleston is an atheist.

References

Other websites
 Fan site
 

Actors from Greater Manchester
Actors from Lancashire
English atheists
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
1964 births
Living people
Deliverance is a 1972 American crime drama movie made by Warner Bros.. It was directed by John Boorman and stars Burt Reynolds, Ronny Cox, Ned Beatty, and Jon Voight. It was based on a book written in 1970 by James Dickey, who also wrote the screenplay and had a small part in the movie. It is set in rural northern Georgia. Four men from Atlanta take a trip in a canoe. Two of them are raped by sadistic local men; the victims take revenge on their attackers.

Deliverance got good reviews from critics and is widely considered one of the best films of 1972.

Awards and nominations
Nominated for:
Academy Award for Best Picture
Academy Award for Directing – John Boorman
Academy Award for Film Editing – Tom Priestley
New York Film Critics Circle for Best Film and Best Director
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture – John Boorman
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama – Jon Voight
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song – Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, Eric Weissberg and Steve Mandel
Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay – James Dickey

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 

1970 books
1972 crime drama movies
1972 adventure movies
20th-century American novels
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about revenge
Movies based on books
Movies set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Rape in movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by John Boorman
The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 swashbuckler movie. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley. It was shot in Technicolor.  The movie stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains. The story is based on the traditional tales of Robin Hood. It is the third of eight movies Flynn and De Havilland made together. The movie won three minor Academy Awards. In 1995, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

1938 movies
1930s adventure movies
American adventure movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Swashbuckler movies
English-language movies
Movies set in England
Movies set in forests
Movies set in castles
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
Movies directed by William Keighley
Speed is a 1994 American action-thriller movie set in Los Angeles, California. It stars Keanu Reeves, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Daniels, Alan Ruck, and Dennis Hopper with Joe Morton. It is about a police officer (Reeves) who has to stop a extortionist (Hopper), who has put a bomb on a city bus. The movie was a box office success in many countries.

It was followed by a 1997 sequel, Speed 2: Cruise Control.

Release dates

Other websites 

 

20th Century Fox movies
1994 action movies
1994 crime thriller movies
1990s American action movies
American crime thriller movies
Chase movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies about extortion
Movies about murderers
Movies set in Los Angeles
Ares is a god in Greek mythology. He is the god of savage war and bloodlust, and represents the untamed, wild aspects of conflict. He is one of the Twelve Olympians. His parents are Zeus and Hera. He had a twin sister called Eris. Neither parent liked him. He is considered murderous and bloody. In the Trojan War, he fought on the side of the Trojans. He had six children with Aphrodite. His homeland is Thrace.

Etymology
Ares' name is believed to be derived from the Greek word ἀρή (arē), the Ionic form of the Doric ἀρά (ara), which translates to "bane" or "ruin".

Related pages
 Maris - Etruscan mythology version of Ares
 Tyr - Norse mythology version of Ares
 Mars - Roman mythology version of Ares

References

Other websites 

 Theoi Project, Ares information on Ares from classical literature, images from Greek and Roman art.
 Greek Mythology Link, Ares  summary of Ares in myth

Twelve Olympians
Anna Kavan (born Helen Emily Woods; 10 April 1901 – 5 December 1968) was an English writer.

Kavan wrote stories before using the name Anna Kavan. During this time, she wrote six novels. They are very different from her other novels. When she changed her pen name, she started writing experimental novels. This change focused on dreams and addiction.

I Am Lazarus is a collection of short stories. The stories are about mental illness and war-related post traumatic stress disorder.

Kavan travelled a lot during the Second World War. She was in New Zealand for 22 months. Because New Zealand is close to Antarctica, she was inspired to write Ice.

References 

1901 births
1968 deaths
English novelists
The word voodoo, which has many different names and spellings (like vodun, vodou, voudou, vudu, vodoun, vowdown, vooodooo, vundun) is the name of a West African animist, spiritual folkway. Some class it as a religion. However, voodoo is more a way of life. It is a supernatural ancestral connection, passed from generation to generation by word of mouth (oral tradition), rituals and spiritual practices. Voodoo has variations from tribe to tribe.  Religion, on the other hand, is based on formal organization, myths and dogma in texts, buildings constructed for worship, and a hierarchy of ordained leaders.
Voodoo is animism or spiritism. That is, all aspects of the natural world are seen as having spiritual identity immune to physical death. Animism includes belief in a person's spirit surviving the death of the body. Ancestors' 'spirits' are called upon for inspiration, protection or other influences over the material world. The roots of voodoo in the Americas come from the Fon, Ewe, and Yoruba people of Africa.. The word vodún is the Fon-Ewe word for spirit.

In voodoo many gods and spirits are prayed to or called on.  Both spirits of nature and of dead people are important.  The spirits of family members who have died are especially important.  Voodoo often has rituals with music and dancing.  Drums are used to make most of this music.  In voodoo people often believe that a spirit is in their body and controlling the body.  Having a spirit come into is wanted, and important.  This spirit can speak for the gods or dead people you love, and can also help to heal or do magic.
Vodou in Haiti 
Another word for voodoo is vodu, used in Haiti where the creole language is based on the French language. African voodoo often has animal sacrifice (the animal is killed for the spirits), but this is not common in Haiti.  Voodoo in Haiti and America has also added some Catholic ideas that were not known in African voodoo. The use of Catholic saints/iconography may have developed as a means of adaptation, and survival, but also as a safety precaution.

Voodoo is an important religion in Haiti. When Haiti beat the French in a war and became its own country, the people of Haiti believed that voodoo had helped them win.  Also, in Haiti there are both good priests and "dark" sorcerers (called bokor).  The bokor acts like a kind of religious policeman, and may curse bad people.

Voodoo in the United States
Voodoo originally entered the United States via immigrants from Africa and Haiti such as Marie LaVeau, "the voodoo queen of New Orleans". Marie was a pacifist and known for healing people.  Though unprecedented, the local Catholic priest let Marie practice Voodoo in the Catholic Church, and as a result, she became famous, leading (along with others) many in Louisiana to believe in Voodoo.

Voodoo in popular culture
Movies
Like many other religions and practices, people learn about voodoo and hoodoo through movies and TV shows, where it has gained the popularity it has today as a form of entertainment. Hoodoo was showcased in the 2005 horror-suspense movie, The Skeleton Key, starring Kate Hudson (correctly emphasizing that it was hoodoo that was being used), and in the 2009 Disney movie The Princess and the Frog.
Zombies are a large part of popular horror culture, and they originated in voodoo folklore from the original word, “nbzambi”, which refers to the primary sprit and/or to one’s soul.  The 2009 release of Zombieland and the 2004 movie Shaun of the Dead are both horror-comedies.
Music
Just as there is Christian music, there is music that came from voodoo rituals, which influenced jazz, and many of the original jazz players are rumored to have had a connection to voodoo in some way, including Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong. Storyville, a district in New Orleans, was a place where, at night, Jazz was played and hoodoo was sold. There, jazz thrived and pulsed with the voices and instruments of Jelly Roll, Sweet Emma Barrett, and many others.
There are many songs and albums that reference voodoo and/or hoodoo, either in the title ("Hoodoo" by Muse )
or in the actual song, such as in David Bowie's song "Magic Dance", with the lyric, "You remind me of the babe./ What babe?/ The babe with the power. /What power?/ The power of the hoodoo. /Hoodoo? /You do. /Do what? /Remind me of the babe!". Another example is Rob Zombie who started the band White Zombie.