Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A person who plays a guitar is called a guitarist. A person who makes or fixes guitars is a luthier, which comes from the word "lute". The word "lute", comes from the Arabic "Al-Uud", a stringed instrument from the Middle East.
The guitar appears to be derived from earlier instruments known in ancient central Asia as the Sitara. Instruments very similar to the guitar appear in ancient carvings and statues recovered from the old Iranian capitol of Susa. The modern word, guitar, was adopted into English from the Spanish word guitarra, which came from the older Greek word kithara. Possible sources for various names of musical instruments that guitar could be derived from appear to be a combination of two Indo-European roots: guit-, similar to Sanskrit sangeet meaning "music", and -tar a widely found root meaning "cord" or "string".
The word guitar is a word that the Iberian Arabic language took from the Persian language. The word qitara is an Arabic name for various members of the lute family that preceded the Western guitar. The word guitarra was introduced into Spanish when such instruments were brought into Iberia by the Moors after the 10th century.
History 

There have been instruments like the guitar for at least 5,000 years. The guitar may have come from older instruments known as the sitara from ancient India and central Asia. The oldest known picture of a guitar-like instrument is a 3300 year old stone carving of a Hittite bard. The oldest guitar-like instrument that is still complete is the "Warwick Gittern" in the British Museum. It belonged to Elizabeth I of England and probably to her father Henry VIII before it was given to her. It is about 500 years old.
The design of the modern guitar began with the Roman cithara. The cithara was brought by the Romans to Hispania (Spain) around 40 AD. In the 8th century the Moors brought the four-stringed oud into Spain. The introduction to the oud caused changes to the design of the cithara. In other parts of Europe, the six-string Scandinavian lut (lute) became popular wherever the Vikings had been. By 1200 AD, there were two types of the four string "guitar": the guitarra morisca (Moorish guitar) from Spain which had a rounded back, wide fingerboard and several soundholes, and the guitarra latina (Latin guitar) which was more like the modern guitar with one sound hole and a narrower neck.
The Spanish vihuela, of the 16th century, was another instrument similar to the guitar. It had lute-style tuning and a body that was like a guitar. The vihuela was only popular for a short amount of time. It is not known whether it was simply a design that combined features of the oud and lute or a transition from the Renaissance instrument to the modern guitar.

The Vinaccia family from Naples, Italy were famous mandolin makers. It is thought that they also made the oldest six-string guitar that still exists. There is a guitar built that was signed and dated 1779 on the label by Gaetano Vinaccia (1759 - after 1831) Although there are many fakes that have dates on them from that time, this guitar is believed by experts to be genuine (real).

The guitar's design was improved (made better) by the famous Spanish luthier, Antonio Torres Jurado (1817-1892) and by Louis Panormo of London.
The electric guitar was made by George Beauchamp in 1936. Beauchamp co-founded a company called Rickenbacher to make guitars. However, Danelectro was the first to produce electric guitars for the public to use.

Different kinds of guitars 
A guitar was described by Dr. Michael Kasha as an instrument that had "a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides".

Modern guitars come in four main types. The classical guitar is used for classical music. The term acoustic guitar is generally used for a guitar used for popular music, even though a classical guitar is also an acoustic instrument. There are many other different types of acoustic guitars from different parts of the world.
A electric guitar can be flat, hollow, or semi-hollow (solid with hollow pockets on the sides), and produces sound through its pickups, which are wire-wound magnets that are screwed onto the guitar. Some guitars combine the hollow acoustic body with amplified sound. Bass guitars are designed to make a low bass rhythm.

A special electric folding travel guitar called the Foldaxe (briefly manufactured by Hoyer in 1977) was invented for Chet Atkins (in Atkins' book "Me and My Guitars") by inventor and guitarist Roger Field, featuring a built-in way to keep the string tension and tuning the same even when folded, and ready to play when unfolded. Atkins demonstrated his several times on US television, and also on The Today Show with Les Paul, who was with him as a guest.

Unlike most guitars with six strings, some guitars are made with eight strings. Eight string guitars have two extra octave strings on the D and G. This gives the person playing the guitar a large amount of chorus when playing.

Guitar music
Guitar music 

Guitars are used in many different genres of music, such as traditional, regional, and folk to modern punk, rock, metal or pop. Guitars are used as rhythm instruments, lead instruments, and sometimes both.

Capo 
A capo is a device which can be placed on any of the guitar's frets which don't lie on the body itself. This enables the user to change key without changing the tuning of the guitar strings. There are multiple types of capos, some latch around the whole guitar neck and some just clamp onto the back and fret board.

Related pages
 Guitarist
 Electric guitar

References

Other websites 

 Guitar physics 
 International Guitar Research Archive 
 The first rock guitars 
 Online Guitar Tuner  - Standard Tuning.
 Modern Guitarist - News, reviews and articles.

 
String instruments
A guitarist is a person who plays the guitar. A guitar is a type of musical instrument.

Noted guitarists

Classical

Baroque (XVII & XVIII century) 
Antoine Carré
Francesco Corbetta (ca 1615-1681)
Giovanni Battista Granata
Francisco Guerau
Girolamo Montesardo
Alonso Mudarra (1510-1580)
Santiago de Murcia (Around 1682 or 1685-1732) (Spain)
Gaspar Sanz (1640-1710) (Spain)
Robert de Visée (ca 1658-1725) (France)
XIX century 
Dionisio Aguado (1784-1849) (Spain)
Matteo Carcassi (1792-1853) (Italy)
Ferdinando Carulli (1770-1841) (Italy)
Napoléon Coste (1806-1883) (France)
Adam Darr (1811-1866) (Germany)
José Ferrer (1835-1916)
Francois de Fossa (1775-1849) (Spain-France)
Mauro Giuliani (1781-1829) (Italy)
Johann Kaspar Mertz (1806-1856) (Austrian-based, born in Slovakia.)
Francesco Molino (1775–1847)
Niccolò Paganini (1782-1840) (Italian)
Giulio Regondi (Italian)
Luis T. Romero(1854-1893)(American)
Fernando Sor (1778-1839) (Spanish)
Andrei Osipovich Sychra (1773 or 1776 - 1850) (Russia)
Francisco Tárrega (1852—1909) (Spanish)
XX century 
Laurindo Almeida (1917-1995)(Brasil)
María Luisa Anido (1907-1996) (Argentina, Spain)
Agustín Pío Barrios (1885-1944) (Paraguay)
Abel Carlevaro (1916-2001) (Uruguay)
Leif Christensen 1950-1988
Alirio Diaz (b. 1923)
Dimitri Fampas (1921-1996)
Sila Godoy (b. 1919)
Alexandre Lagoya (1929-1999)
Antonio Lauro (1917-1986)
Miguel Llobet (1878-1938)
Gustavo Lopez 1920-1979
Sergei Orekhov (1935–1998)
Emilio Pujol (1886-1980)
Ida Presti (1924-1967)
Celedonio Romero (1913-1996)
Regino Sainz de la Maza (1896-1981, Spain)
Andrés Segovia (1893-1987, Spain)
José Tomás (1934-2001)
Narciso Yepes (1927-1997)

Contemporary
Lily Afshar (b. 19--) (Iran / U.S.)
Adnan Ahmedic (b.1975) (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Cesar Amaro (b. 1948) (Uruguay)
Magnus Andersson (b. 1955) (Sweden)
Sergio Assad (b. 1952) (Brazil)
Denis Azabagić (b. 1972) (Bosnia-Herzegovina)
Manuel Barrueco (b. 1952) (Cuba)
Gilbert Biberian (b. 1944)
Dušan Bogdanović (b. 1955) (Yugoslavia now Serbia / U.S.)
Liona Boyd (b. 1949)
Julian Bream (b. 1933) (United Kingdom)
Leo Brouwer (b. 1939) (Cuba)
Charo (b. 1951) (Spain)ffz
Máximo Diego Pujol
Carlo Domeniconi (b. 1947) (Italy)
Juanjo Domínguez (b. 1951) (Argentina)
Zoran Dukic (b. 1969) (Croatia)
Roland Dyens (b. 1955) (France)
Gabriel Estarellas (Spain)
Roberto Fabbri (b.1964) (Italy)
Eva Fampas (b. 1964) (Greece)
Oliver Fartach-Naini (b. 1964) (Germany)
Eliot Fisk (b. 1958) (U.S. / Austria)
Yorgos Foudoulis (Greece)
José González (Sweden)
Kostas Grigoreas (b. 1957) (Greece)
Robin Hill (b. 1953) (United Kingdom)
Adam Holzman (b. 1960)
Tilman Hoppstock (b. 1961) (Germany)
Simone Iannarelli (b. 1970) (Italy)
Sharon Isbin (b. 1956) (U.S.)
Ólavur Jakobsen  (b. 1964) Faroe Islands
Maria Kämmerling (b. 1946)
William Kanengiser (U.S.)
Nikita Koshkin (b. 1956) (Russia)
Goran Krivokapić (b. 1979) (Serbia)
David Leisner (b. 1953) (U.S.
Stephen Marchionda 1967 (U.S. / Spain)
Carlo Marchione (b. 1964) (Italy)
Martha Masters (b. 1972) (U.S.)
Pablo Márquez (b. 1967) (Argentina)
Jaime Mirtenbaum Zenamon
Gentil Montaña (b. 1942) (Colombia)
Jorge Morel (b. 1931)
Erling Møldrup (b. 1943)
Thomas Müller-Pering (b. 1958)
Gordon O'Brien (b. 1966)
Erkan Ogur (b. 1954) (Turkey)
Christopher Parkening (b. 1947)
Marco Pereira
Robert Phillips (b. 1953) (U.S.)
Álvaro Pierri (Uruguay)
Alberto Ponce (b. 1935), (Spain / France)
Stanko Prek
Štěpán Rak (b. 1945) (Czech Republic)
Angel Romero (b. 1946) (Spain)
Pepe Romero (b. 1944) (Spain)
David Russell (b. 1953) (United Kingdom (Scotland))
Stephan Schmidt (Germany / Switzerland based)
John Schneider
María Isabel Siewers
Göran Söllscher
David Starobin (b. 1951) (U.S.)
Pavel Steidl (b. 1961), (Czechoslovakia (now in the Czech Republic)/Netherlands)
David Tanenbaum (b. 1956) (U.S.)
Scott Tennant (b. 1962) (U.S.)
Ana Vidović (b. 1980) (Croatia)
Jerry Willard
John Williams (b. 1941) (Australia)
Alan Banks (Australia)
Kazuhito Yamashita (b. 1961) (Japan)
Andrew York (U.S.)
Laura Young (Canada)
Yang Xuefei (b. 1977) (People's Republic of China)
Simon Cheong (b. 1959) (Malaysia)
Country music 
 Chet Atkins
 Albert Lee
 Jerry Douglas
 B.J. Cole
 Bonnie Raitt
 Leo Kottke
 Arlen Roth 
 Danny Gatton
 Jerry Donahue
 Will Ray
 John Jorgenson
 Steve Wariner
 Brent Mason
 James Burton
 Scotty Anderson
 Roy Buchanan
 Jerry Reed
 Carl Perkins
 Buddy Holly
 Scotty Moore
 Ry Cooder
 Merle Travis
 Roy Clark
 Tony Rice
 Doc Watson
 Norman Blake
 Clarence White
 Vince Gill
 Keith Urban
 Dan Crary
 Joe Maphis
 Mark O'Connor
 Hank Snow
 Les Paul
 Luther Perkins
 Pete Drake
 Don Reno
 Speedy West
 Bob Wootton
 Buddy Emmons
 Jerry Byrd
 Leon McAuliffe
 Glen Campbell

Flamenco 
Paco de Lucía

Jazz 
Danny Barker
Charlie Christian
Franco Cerri
Eddie Condon
Al Di Meola
Bill Frisell
Frank Gambale
Jim Hall
Scott Henderson
Allan Holdsworth
Charlie Hunter
Stanley Jordan
Enver Izmailov
Barney Kessel
Eddie Lang
Tony Macalpine
Pat Martino
John McLaughlin
Pat Metheny
Wes Montgomery
Randy Napoleon 
Joe Pass
Andreas Paolo Perger
Snoozer Quinn
Django Reinhardt
Marc Ribot
John Scofield
Mike Stern
Andy Summers
Martin Taylor
Szabó Gábor
Herb Ellis

Folk and acoustic 
William Ackerman
Dan Ar Braz
Chet Atkins
Joan Baez
Martin Carthy
Ry Cooder
Jim Croce
John Denver
Ani DiFranco
Nick Drake
Doyle Dykes
Bob Dylan
Dave Ellis
John Fahey
Gordon Giltrap
Davey Graham
Michael Hedges
Bert Jansch
Nic Jones
Leo Kottke
Adrian Legg
John Martyn
Ellen McIlwaine
Tony McManus
Joni Mitchell
Tom Paxton
Al Perkins
John Renbourn
Stochelo Rosenberg
Art Paul Schlosser
Patrick Beverley
Paul Simon (Simon and Garfunkel)
James Taylor
Richard Thompson
Doc Watson
Hank Williams
Francois Luambo Makiadi "Franco"
Pierre Bensusan
Blues 
Luther Allison
Duane Allman
Blind Blake
Michael Bloomfield
Doyle Bramhall
Big Bill Broonzy
Roy Buchanan
Chris Cain
Eric Clapton
Albert Collins
Ry Cooder
Robert Cray
Steve 'The Colonel' Cropper
Robben Ford
Jesse Fuller
Lowell Fulson
Rory Gallagher
Guitar Shorty
Guitar Slim
Buddy Guy
John Hammond, Jr.
Jimi Hendrix
John Lee Hooker
Son House
Mississippi John Hurt
Elmore James
Skip James
Blind Lemon Jefferson
Lonnie Johnson
Luther 'Guitar Junior' Johnson
Robert Johnson
Albert King
B.B. King
Freddie King
Little Jimmy King
Sonny Landreth
Leadbelly
J.B. Lenoir
Mance Lipscomb
Lonnie Mack
Taj Mahal
Mississippi Fred McDowell
Brownie McGhee
Blind Willie McTell
Little Milton
Memphis Minnie
Coco Montoya
Gary Moore
Keb' Mo'
Matt 'Guitar' Murphy
Charlie Patton
Bonnie Raitt
Tampa Red
Jimmy Reed
Robert Ross
Otis Rush
Kenny Wayne Shepherd
Hubert Sumlin
Sister Rosetta Tharpe
Jimmy Vaughan
Stevie Ray Vaughan
Joe Louis Walker
T-Bone Walker
Muddy Waters
Bukka White
Josh White
Johnny Winter
Howlin' Wolf
Pat Megroin
Pat Megroin
Tommy O'Brien
Peter(The Beard) Longjohn
Rock/pop 
Jim Adkins (Jimmy Eat World)
Duane Allman (Derek and the Dominos, Allman Brothers Band)
Matt Bellamy (Muse)
Trey Anastasio (Phish)
Michael Angelo Batio
Billie Joe Armstrong (Green Day)
Nick Thompson (Retravox)
Chet Atkins
Perry Bamonte
David Bates
Jeff Beck
Adrian Belew (Frank Zappa, King Crimson, The Bears)
Chuck Berry
Ritchie Blackmore (Deep Purple)
Lindsey Buckingham (Fleetwood Mac)
Charlie Christian
Eric Clapton (The Yardbirds, Cream, Derek and the Dominos, Blind Faith)
Kurt Cobain (Nirvana)
Warren Cuccurullo (Frank Zappa, Missing Persons, and Duran Duran)
Dick Dale
Bo Diddley
Duane Eddy
Mattias "IA" Eklundh (Freak Kitchen)
David Evans aka The Edge (U2)
Ace Frehley (Kiss)
Robert Fripp (King Crimson)
John Frusciante (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
Noel Gallagher (Oasis)
Jerry Garcia (the Grateful Dead)
David Gilmour (Pink Floyd)
Paul Gilbert (Mr. Big)
George Harrison (The Beatles)
Jimi Hendrix (The Jimi Hendrix Experience)
Buddy Holly
Steve Howe (Yes)
Chrissie Hynde (The Pretenders)
Phil Keaggy
Phil Keaggy
Mark Knopfler (Dire Straits and Notting HillBillies)
Robby Krieger (The Doors)
Goktan Kural (Hazerfan)
Shawn Lane
Tweke Lewis (Man Wild Turkey Tyla Gang) 
Alex Lifeson (Rush)
Tom Linton (Jimmy Eat World)
Hank B. Marvin (The Shadows)
Johnny Marr  (The Smiths)
Mick Mars (Mötley Crüe)
Brian May (Queen)
John Mayer
Mike McCready (Pearl Jam)
Roger McGuinn (The Byrds)
Barry Melton (Country Joe and the Fish, The Dinosaurs)
Midoru
Kim Mitchell
Vinnie Moore
Tom Morello (Rage Against The Machine)
Steve Morse
Dave Navarro (Jane's Addiction, Red Hot Chili Peppers)
Ted Nugent
Jimmy Page (Led Zeppelin, The Yardbirds
Les Paul
Joe Perry (Aerosmith)
Tom Petty (Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers)
Elvis Presley
Prince
Johnny Ramone (Ramones)
Chris Rea
Sheldon Reynolds (Earth, Wind & Fire, solo artist)
Keith Richards (The Rolling Stones)
Michael Roe
Michael Monarch (Steppenwolf)
Mick Ronson (played with David Bowie)
Richie Sambora (Bon Jovi)
Carlos Santana
Joe Satriani
Neal Schon (Journey )
James Honeyman-Scott (The Pretenders)
Brian Setzer (The Stray Cats, The Brian Setzer Orchestra)
Paul Simon (Simon and Garfunkel)
Slash (Slash's Snakepit, Guns N' Roses, and Velvet Revolver)
Robert Smith
Billy Squier
John Squire
Izzy Stradlin (Guns N' Roses)
Andy Summers (The Police)
Porl Thompson
Pete Townshend (The Who)
Steve Vai (Frank Zappa, Alcatrazz, David Lee Roth, and Whitesnake)
Eddie Van Halen (Van Halen)
Tom Verlaine (Television)
Jack White (The White Stripes)
Jason White (Pinhead Gunpowder)
Nancy Wilson (Heart)
Angus Young (AC/DC)
Malcolm Young (AC/DC)
Neil Young (Buffalo Springfield, Crazy Horse, CSN&Y, The Esquires, The Stray Gators)
Frank Zappa (among other things, played with The Mothers of Invention)
Blues Saraceno
Chad Kroeger (NickelBack)
Synyster Gates (Avenged Sevenfold)
Ryan Ross (Panic! at the Disco)
Heavy metal 
 Kiko Loureiro (solo artist, Angra, Megadeth)
Jeff Loomis (Nevermore)
Mikael Åkerfeldt (Opeth
Michael Amott (Arch Enemy)
Jason Becker (solo artist, Cacophony, David Lee Roth)
Nuno Bettencourt (Extreme)
Buckethead (solo artist, Guns N' Roses, Primus)
Bumblefoot (Ron Thal)
Dimebag Darrell (Pantera, Rebel Meets Rebel, Damageplan)
Chris DeGarmo (Queensrÿche)
K. K. Downing (Judas Priest)
Todd Duane (solo artist)
Marty Friedman (solo artist, Cacophony, Megadeth)
Kirk Hammett (Metallica)
James Hetfield (Metallica)
Kenny Hickey (Type O Negative)
Scott Ian (Anthrax)
Chris Impellitteri (solo artist)
Tony Iommi (Black Sabbath)
Matthias Jabs (Scorpions)
Adam Jones (Tool)
Kerry King (Slayer)
Alexi Laiho (Children of Bodom)
Herman Li (DragonForce)
George Lynch (Dokken, Lynch Mob)
Yngwie Malmsteen (solo artist, Alcatrazz, Steeler)
Jim Martin (Faith No More)
Borislav Mitic (solo artist)
Tom Morello (Audioslave and Rage Against the Machine)
James Murphy (solo artist, Death, Disincarnate, Testament)
Dave Murray (Iron Maiden)
Dave Mustaine (Metallica)(Megadeth)
John Petrucci (Megadeth)(Dream Theater)
Randy Rhoads (Quiet Riot, Ozzy Osbourne)
Michael Romeo (Symphony X)
Michael Schenker  (solo artist, UFO)
Rudolph Schenker (Scorpions)
Chuck Schuldiner (Death, Control Denied)
Slash (Guns N' Roses), (Slash's Snakepit), (Velvet Revolver)
Adrian Smith (Iron Maiden)
Bill Steer (Carcass)
Joe Stump
Izzy Stradlin (Guns N' Roses), (Velvet Revolver)
Katherine "The Great Kat" Thomas
Glenn Tipton (Judas Priest)
Steve Vai (Frank Zappa, Alcatrazz, David Lee Roth, Whitesnake)
Eddie Van Halen (Van Halen)
Tony S Velasquez(solo artist)
Rich Ward (Stuck Mojo), (Sick Speed), (Fozzy), {The Duke)
Michael Wilton (Queensrÿche)
Zakk Wylde (Black Label Society, Ozzy Osbourne), Black Sabbath, Pride and Glory, Solo Artist)
Dweezil Zappa
Benjamin Weinman (The Dillinger Escape Plan)
Mai Kanbe (solo artist, Jack's Big Music Show, Sera Myu)
References 

 
Lists of musicians
https://guitartrap.blogspot.com/
British Sea Power is an indie rock band from England. They formed in 2000. Many band members come from Cumbria, but they are based in Brighton. They have released six albums and six EPs. They released their sixth album Machineries of Joy in April 2013.

Studio albums 
 The Decline Of British Sea Power (2003)
 Open Season (2005)
 Do You Like Rock Music? (2007)
 Valhalla Dancehall (2010)
 Machineries Of Joy (2013)
 Sea of Brass (2015)
 Let the Dancers Inherit the Party (2017)

2000 establishments in England
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Organisations based in Brighton
English rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups established in 2000
Jimmy Eat World is an alternative rock band.  They formed in Mesa, Arizona in 1994. To date, they have released six studio albums. They may record one more album on their label for a 2009 release, but after that will consider self-releasing. They have released many singles, including Sweetness, The Middle, Bleed American, Rockstar, and Let It Happen.

They used to be part of the emo scene and many would still call them that. However, the band has never liked that term and do not even understand that. While their albums do have considerable emo influences, the album Future brought on a change of sound and a different fanbase.

Albums

Studio albums
 Jimmy Eat World - 1994
 Static Prevails - 1996
 Clarity - 1999
 Bleed American - 2001
 Futures - 2004
 Chase This Light - 2007
 Invented - 2010
 Damage - 2013

EPS
One Two Three - 1994
Jimmy Eat World (EP) - 1998
Firestarter - 2000
Good To Go - 2002
Stay On My Side Tonight - 2005

References

Other websites

Jimmy Eat World's Official website
American rock bands
American punk bands
Emo bands
Musical groups from Arizona
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
People from Mesa, Arizona
Musical groups established in 1993
1993 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Arizona
Phish is an American rock band. They formed in Vermont in 1983, broke up in 2004, and reformed in 2009. Their lead singer is Trey Anastasio. Phish was often compared to the Grateful Dead, and had a similar following of "Phish Heads" following the band on tour. They went on a 5-year-long hiatus from 2004 to 2009. Their hiatus ended when they played shows on March 6, 7 and 8 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, VA. The band surprised the audience with longer sets than usual.

Their music has a lot of improvisation, so when they play live, their songs are sometimes a lot longer. They use elements from many genres, including rock, jazz, funk, progressive rock, bluegrass, country, reggae, blues, Latin, and psychedelic rock.
Discography
Studio albums
 The White Tape (1986)
 The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday (1987)
 Junta (1989)
 Lawn Boy (1990)
 A Picture of Nectar (1992)
 Rift (1993)
 Hoist (1994)
 Billy Breathes (1996)
 The Story of the Ghost (1998)
 The Siket Disc (1999)
 Farmhouse (2000)
 Round Room (2002)
 Undermind (2004)
 Joy (2009)
 Fuego (2014)
 Big Boat (2016)
 Sigma Oasis (2020)

References

American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1983
2004 disestablishments in the United States
Burlington, Vermont
1983 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Vermont
At first, Green Day was part of the punk rock culture at 924 Gilman Street in Berkeley, California. Its album Dookie (1994) became a success. Soon, it sold more than ten million copies in the United States alone, and 20 million copies worldwide. The album was well reviewed and the band were praised for its music and sales. Green Day had three more albums after that, Insomniac, Nimrod and Warning. They were still successful albums, reaching double platinum, double platinum, and gold status respectively. However none of these albums sold as well as their third album, Dookie. Green Day's 2004 rock opera American Idiot sold six million copies in the United States.
Green Day has sold over 85 million records worldwide,  32 million  of them in the United States alone. They also have won four Grammy Awards, Best Alternative Album for Dookie, Best Rock Album for American Idiot, Record of the Year for the song "Boulevard of Broken Dreams, Best Rock Album for 21st Century Breakdown and have also been inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame.

Band history

Formation and Lookout! years (1987–1993)
In 1990, Lookout! released Green Day's first album 39/Smooth. Green Day recorded two EPs: Slappy and Sweet Children. Lookout! Records released 1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours, an album that had the 39/Smooth, Slappy, and 1,000 Hours EPs in it. In late 1990, shortly after the band's first worldwide tour, Sobrante left the band. The Lookouts drummer Tré Cool became a replacement, and then became a permanent replacement because Sobrante did not want to come back. Green Day was on tour for most of 1992 and 1993, and played a lot of shows overseas in Europe. Its second album, Kerplunk, sold about 50,000 copies in the U.S., which was a lot for the punk band in 1992.
Breakthrough success (1994–1996) 
Kerplunk's success made major record labels interested in Green Day, and they soon left Lookout! and signed with Reprise Records after getting the attention of producer Rob Cavallo. Signing to Reprise made many punk rock fans think Green Day as sellouts.  After signing with Reprise, the band went to work on making its major label debut, Dookie.

Released in February of 1994, and recorded in 3 weeks, Dookie became a commercial success, making it to MTV for the videos of the songs "Longview", "Basket Case", and "When I Come Around", all of which made it to the number one position on the Modern Rock Tracks charts.
Insomniac was a darker, more punk release for the band than the rocking Dookie. Insomniac earned 4 out of 5 stars from Rolling Stone Magazine, which said "In punk, the good stuff actually unfolds and gains meaning as you listen without sacrificing any of its electric, haywire immediacy. And Green Day are as good as this stuff gets." Insomniac won the band award nominations for Favorite Artist, Favorite Hard Rock Artist, and Favorite Alternative Artist at the 1996 American Music Awards. The video for "Walking Contradiction" got the band a Grammy nomination for Best Video, Short Form, and a Best Special Effects nomination at the MTV Video Music Awards.

In 1995, a new single for the Angus soundtrack was released, titled "J.A.R.". The single went straight to number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. After that, Insomniac, Green Day's new album, was released in the fall of 1995. After that, the band stopped from going on a European tour so they could rest for a while.
Nimrod and Warning (1997–2000) 

In 1997, Green Day began to work on a new album. They came up with Nimrod. The new album was released in October 1996. The success of "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)" won the band an MTV Video Award for Best Alternative Video.

In 2000, Green Day released Warning, an album that had types of songs that Nimrod did. Though the Warning made the hit "Minority" and a smaller hit with "Warning", some observers thought that the band was losing popularity. Warning was certified gold by the RIAA.

At the 2001 California Music Awards, Green Day won all eight awards that they were nominated for.
American Idiot 
In the summer of 2003, the band went into a studio to write and record new songs for a new album titled Cigarettes and Valentines. After making 20 tracks, the master tapes were stolen from the studio. The band was upset and chose not to try to re-create the stolen album, but instead start over with a vow to be even better than before. In this same year, Green Day went with Iggy Pop on two tracks for his album Skull Ring.  They took "band therapy," talking for a long time to work out the members' differences after accusations from Dirnt and Cool that Armstrong was "the band's Nazi" and a show-off bent on taking the limelight from the other band members.

The 2004 album, American Idiot, was number one on the Billboard charts, the band's first ever album to top the chart, even with success of the album's first single, "American Idiot.
Through 2005, the band toured for about 150 days— visiting Japan, Australia, the United States and the UK, where they had a crowd of 130,000 people in only two days. While touring for American Idiot, they filmed and recorded the two concerts at the Milton Keynes National Bowl in England, which was voted 'The Best Show On Earth' in a Kerrang! Magazine Poll.

These recordings were released as a live CD and DVD called Bullet in a Bible on November 15, 2005. The DVD had a behind-the-scenes footage of the band, and showed how the band prepared to put on the show. The final shows of its 2005 world tour were in Sydney, Australia, and Melbourne, Australia, on December 14 and 17. On January 10, 2006 the band was awarded with a People's Choice Award for favorite group.

In 2006, Green Day won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" which spent 16 weeks at the number one position of Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks.
In an interview with Kerrang!, Billie Joe said that 2008 would "be a fair estimate of the release date of their new Untitled Eighth Studio Album." In October 2007, Billie Joe said more on this new album, saying he had been writing new songs on the piano, and had around 45 of them. He said he wanted the new music to dig into what he's feeling during that time - which is middle-aged.

In 2009 Kerrang! named American Idiot the best album of the decade, NME ranked it #60 in a similar list, and Rolling Stone ranked it 22nd.
21st Century Breakdown
In an interview with Kerrang!, Armstrong said that 2009 would "be a fair estimate of the release date of their new untitled eighth studio album for Green Day."  It was revealed that Butch Vig would be producing the upcoming album in an interview with Carson Daly. The gap of nearly five years between their previous album, American Idiot, and their newest release was the longest gap in Green Day's career. While the band had been working on new music since January 2006, by October 2007 Armstrong had written 45 songs, the band showed no further signs of being close to releasing a new album until October 2008, when a video of the group recording with producer Butch Vig in the studio was posted on YouTube.
Their newest album, titled 21st Century Breakdown, was released on May 15, 2009. Called "Green Day at their best" by Seattle Weekly's Krist Novoselic, the album has received mostly positive reviews. Rating website Metacritic reported a rating of 70% as of July 2009, based on 30 reviews. After it was released, 21st Century Breakdown reached #1 on the charts in fourteen different countries.

Music style and influences
Green Day's sound is often compared to first wave punk rock bands such as the Ramones, The Clash, Sex Pistols, The Jam, and the Buzzcocks. Stylistically, the group is characterized as punk rock, pop punk and alternative rock.
Most of their songs are fast and under the average song length of four minutes (4:00), though some of their songs run on longer such as "Jesus of Suburbia" which runs for nine minutes. Billie Joe Armstrong said that some of his biggest influences are alternative rock bands Husker Dü and The Replacements. Armstrong's lyrics mostly describe alienation, hysteria, girls, growing up, and what happens to someone if they take drugs. The Ramones had lyrical themes that were also close to Green Day's lyrics such as hysteria, alienation, girls, and drugs. Green Day has covered Ramones songs a few times, such as recording "Outsider" for the tribute album We're a Happy Family, and performing "Blitzkrieg Bop" and "Teenage Lobotomy" when the Ramones made it into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.

Band members
Band members

Current members 
Billie Joe Armstrong – vocals, guitar (1986–present)
Mike Dirnt - bass guitar, backing vocals (1986–present)
Tré Cool – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1990–present)
Jason White - lead guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2012–present; touring member 1999–Present)

Former members 
John Kiffmeyer – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1987–1990)

Current touring musicians 
Jason Freese – keyboards, piano, acoustic guitar, trombone, saxophone, accordion, backing vocals (2004–present)

Former touring musicians 
Kurt Lohmiller – trumpet, timpani, percussion, vocals (1999–2004)
Gabrial McNair – trombone, tenor saxophone (1999–2001)
Garth Schultz - trombone, trumpet
Ronnie Blake – trumpet, timpani, percussion, backing vocals (2004–present)
Mike Pelino – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2004–present)
Session musicians 
Rob Cavallo – piano on American Idiot (2004)
Stephen Bradley – trumpet on Warning (2000) and Nimrod (1997)
Petra Haden – violin on Nimrod (1997)
Gabrial McNair – trombone on Nimrod (1997)

Discography

Studio albums 
 39/Smooth (1990)
 Kerplunk (1992)
 Dookie (1994)
 Insomniac (1995)
 Nimrod (1997)
 Warning (2000)
 American Idiot (2004)
 21st Century Breakdown (2009)
 ¡Uno! (2012)
 ¡Dos! (2012)
 ¡Tré! (2013)
 Revolution Radio (2016)
 Father of All Motherfuckers (2020)

References 

Spitz, Marc. Nobody Likes You: Inside the Turbulent Life, Times, and Music of Green Day. New York: Hyperion, 2006. 
The Green Day Story (Broadcast on Radio 1 Mon 20 June 2005) (Different link )

Notes

Other websites 

Green Day Official website
Green Day Idiot Club  Official fanclub

The Green Day Wiki A Wikia project Green Day wiki.
1980s American music groups
1987 establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musicians from Berkeley, California
 
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups from California
People's Choice Award winners
American Music Awards
An album is a collection of songs on a CD or LP.

It may also refer to:
 A photo album is usually a book with pictures inside it
 A Stamp album is a book with series of postage stamps
Marvin Gaye (born Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr.,  April 2, 1939 - April 1, 1984) was an American soul and R&B singer and songwriter. He was a famous artist recording on the Motown label in the 1960s and 1970s. He became an independent artist when he released his 1971 album, What's Going On. After living in Europe in the late 1970s, Gaye had a comeback hit with 1982's "Sexual Healing". The record won him two Grammy Awards and became his biggest hit. He was killed on April 1, 1984 by his own father, Marvin Gay, Sr.. After his death, he was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Biography
Biography

Early life and career 
Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr. was the eldest son of a Pentecostal minister and the second of four children. His family lived in a mostly African-American community in Washington, D.C. When he was a child, Gaye was abused by his father. He used music to help him cope with the abuse, playing instruments and singing gospel music in his father's church. When he was a teenager, Gaye became a fan of doo-wop and joined several groups before he left high school at the start of his senior year.
In 1956, when he was seventeen years old, Gaye left home and enlisted in (joined) in the United States Air Force. He was honorably discharged the following year. Gaye moved back to Washington D.C. and formed a group called The Marquees. The group was discovered by musician Bo Diddley and they recorded the songs "Good Morning Little Schoolgirl" and "Wyatt Earp". They then met Harvey Fuqua and joined with his group The Moonglows. They released a song called "Mama Loocie" in 1959. This was the first song recorded with Gaye singing as lead vocalist. The following year, the new Moonglows split up and with Fuqua as his mentor, Gaye traveled to Detroit, Michigan where they met Berry Gordy, who had formed Motown Records. Gordy was impressed by Marvin's talent as a piano player and drummer and signed him as a session drummer for Motown. Gaye played drums on most of Motown's early hits for artists like The Marvelettes, Mary Wells, the Miracles and Stevie Wonder
. In 1961, Gordy signed Gaye as a recording artist and released  The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye. The album did not sell well.
Early stardom 
Gaye's first became successful when he co-wrote the Marvelettes' top twenty hit, "Beechwood 4-5789". In 1962 he released his own song called "Stubborn Kind of Fellow". It was partly about his own life and got into the top fifty of the pop chart and number eight on the R&B side. His first top 40 single, "Hitch Hike", and his first top ten hit, "Pride & Joy", made him a teen idol. These early singles and those on his second release, That Stubborn Kind of Fellow, featured Martha and the Vandellas in the backGaye had more successful songs like early success continued with "Can I Get a Witness", "Baby Don't You Do It", "You Are a Wonderful One" and "Try It Baby". In late 1964, Gaye recorded "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)", which peaked at the top ten of the American pop charts and became one of his first hits abroad reaching the top fifty in the United Kingdom. Gaye also worked with his friend, singer Smokey Robinson to write number-one singles, "I'll Be Doggone" and "Ain't That Peculiar".
After his early success, which Marvin had struggles with, Motown began to widen his role as a ladies man, having him record duet albums with Mary Wells, Kim Weston and Diana Ross. His first album with Wells, Together, became Marvin's first charted album, and yielded two popular hits, while his single with Weston, the Sylvia Moy-penned "It Takes Two", hit the top twenty on both sides of the Atlantic. But it would be his collaboration with Philadelphia R&B singer Tammi Terrell that landed him his biggest known success in his duet work. Building on songs written by Ashford & Simpson, the team of Marvin and Tammi scored a multitude of hits including their original version of "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", "Your Precious Love", "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" and "You're All I Need to Get By". Their success would be short-lived following Tammi's collapse during a show at Virginia in October 1967. Having complained of headaches, Tammi was rushed to the hospital that night and was diagnosed with a brain tumor
. Terrell braved it out but by the release of their third and last album together, Easy, was losing her fight with the tumor. Tammi died in March 1970 at the age of 24 from complications of her brain cancer. Marvin was said to be so devastated by Tammi's death that he said he felt a piece of him died with her, and reports state at her funeral, Marvin talked to her remains as if she was gonna respond. Promising not to tour again and not to record another duet album after that, Marvin went into a self-imposed seclusion that ended briefly. In 1973, Marvin would work on his final duet album with Diana Ross. Their recording was hampered by arguments between them as Marvin refused to stop smoking marijuana in the studio as Diana was then pregnant. The resulting album, Diana and Marvin, became a top twenty U.S. success and reached the top ten in the U.K.
In 1968, Marvin returned to the top of the charts as a solo act with the Norman Whitfield-penned "I Heard It Through the Grapevine". The song, originally recorded in 1967, was initially blocked from release since Berry Gordy disapproved of the song. Instead, one of its cover versions by Gladys Knight & the Pips was released, and it ended up reaching number-two. Whitfield was determined to get Gordy to release Marvin's, and in October 1968, Motown finally issued "Grapevine" as a single where it eventually reached number-one in December of that year, it also reached number one in the U.K. and became the biggest-selling single in Motown history during the sixties. During this period, Marvin used his "Grapevine" success to produce a collection of singles for his background group the Originals. Those songs, "Baby I'm for Real" and "The Bells" became top 40 recordings. After two more top ten hits that followed, Marvin began working on a more personal production
. Inspired by Tammi Terrell's death, his brother Frankie's Vietnam stories, footage of the Vietnam War and race riots in the U.S., Marvin's success with his first productions and a rough draft of a song composed by Four Tops member Obie Benson, Marvin recorded an introspective single titled "What's Going On". Like "Grapevine", Motown refused to release it due to it being "uncommercial" and "risky" since Gordy could not find a song to match anything with and also because Gordy was against anyone in his company to talk openly about serious issues. In spite of releases by the Temptations, the Supremes and Edwin Starr, which opened about inner city struggle, illegitimate pregnancy and wars respectively, Motown was afraid the song would ruin Marvin's squeaky-clean teen pop image
. Marvin, confident in his own abilities, stood his ground, and in January 1971, the song was released quickly becoming a hit single reaching number two on the Billboard pop chart and number one on the Cashbox pop chart, also hitting number-one on the Billboard R&B chart. A follow-up album of the same name was quickly released that May and with accompanying top ten singles "Mercy Mercy Me" and "Inner City Blues", songs that also talked about social issues including environmentalism, the album sold over a million copies and permanently made Marvin one of the first independent artists on the label. Inspired by Marvin's success, Stevie Wonder refused to renew his contract with Motown in May 1971 after releasing the non-Motown approved Where I'm Coming From, an album that also dealt with social issues. In 1972, Motown signed Marvin to a $1 million contract, making him at the time the highest-paid black recording artist in music history
. Marvin celebrated the contract by releasing the pro-political single "You're the Man", which attacked the Nixon administration. Moving from Detroit to Los Angeles that year, he recorded the soundtrack to the movie, "Trouble Man". The soundtrack and its title track became top twenty and top ten hits on the charts respectively. In 1973, Marvin dramatically changed direction from social topics to sexual politics with the release of "Let's Get It On". The song became Marvin's second number-one Billboard hit and was the biggest-selling R&B single of that year. Its subsequent album became another critical milestone as What's Going On had been and with his new look as a wool hat-wearing, studded jean outfit, bearded "messiah", Marvin had become an icon of early seventies soul music.
In 1974, Marvin returned officially to touring after a four-year sabbatical following the death of Tammi Terrell and began to suffer from the effects of a long-developing cocaine addiction, which started in the late sixties. Marvin went a year without producing a record though through yet another new Motown contract, he built a recording studio in the middle of Sunset Boulevard. In 1976, Marvin released the erotic I Want You album, an album that had been delayed by his first wife, Anna Gordy's divorce case against him. The divorce was finalized after Marvin agreed to remit a portion of his royalties from his next album to Ms. Gordy. The result was the controversial Here, My Dear project, which came out in early 1979 after two years of holding the project from release. Marvin recorded a disco hit in 1977 titled "Got to Give It Up". The song hit number-one marking his third pop hit to reach the spot and his twelfth on the R&B side. It would end up being his last major hit with the Motown label
. Following the release of Here, My Dear, the album tanked and Marvin, already run dry by dwindling finances, numerous lawsuits, a troubling marriage to a second wife and an even more troubling cocaine addiction, eventually left his wife, three children, and the U.S. settling first in Hawaii and then settling in London in 1980 after a European promoter advised him to tour Europe. Recording most of his final Motown release, In Our Lifetime, in London, the album was rush-released by Motown in early 1981 much to Marvin's chagrin: he complained that the label had edited certain songs, including one that seemed unfinished, and had taken off a question mark that he put at the end of the title to ask a question about life. Marvin stated he would no longer record for Motown and was granted his wish when CBS Records brought him out of his contract in April 1982.
In 1981, Marvin settled in Ostend, Belgium thanks to a former Belgian sports promoter and with his encouragement began rebuilding his life cutting away from drugs and also rebuilding his music career. After a successful European tour, Marvin signed with CBS Records and began work on a new album in his adopted home. After his friend and biographer David Ritz arrived to interview him, Marvin and David collaborated on a reggae-styled track in which Ritz titled "Sexual Healing" after a conversation between the two evolved into pornography. The song was one of eight Marvin worked on to fit into his comeback release, Midnight Love. Boosted by its Caribbean flavor, the song returned Marvin to the top of the charts, hitting number-one on the R&B chart for a period of ten weeks and also becoming a top ten hit in several countries including number-three in the U.S. pop chart and number-four in England. It also hit number-one in New Zealand
. Selling over two million copies, it became Marvin's biggest-selling single to date and won him his first couple of Grammys in 1983. Marvin's comeback was cemented with his emotional performance of the national anthem at the NBA All Star Game and a reunited showcase at Motown 25, where Marvin was reunited with his old Motown buddies. Marvin's performance consisted of him playing piano while speaking on the illustrious history of black music before singing "What's Going On" to a receptive audience. That year, Marvin went on the road to promote the Midnight Love album. It would end up being his final tour.
Murder and legacy
Settling in his parents' Los Angeles home after the tour, Marvin reportedly struggled with drug abuse and his troubling relationship with his father continued spiraling downwards. On the morning of April 1, 1984, Marvin and his father got into an argument after his father verbally assaulted Marvin's mother while they were arguing over misplaced business documents. The two men clashed and Marvin reportedly shoved his father to the ground during the struggle. After returning to his room, Marvin's father reentered Marvin's room with a loaded shotgun Marvin had bought for him for Christmas and shot him twice with one fatal shot to his chest. At approximately 1:10 pm, Marvin Gaye was pronounced dead on the scene at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. He was one day shy of his forty-fifth birthday. Marvin's death shocked his fans though family members and friends knew of Marvin's depression. Over 10,000 well-wishers paid their last respects at a star-studded funeral in Los Angeles
. Marvin's ashes were spread to the beaches of the Atlantic Ocean. In 1985, Motown and CBS collaborated on two posthumous records while Motown re-released Marvin's famed material. In 1987, Marvin was posthumously inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame confirming his status as one of the greatest artists in music history.
Personal life 
Marvin first dated Anna Gordy in 1961. Anna was said to be the inspiration behind Marvin's sixties hits including "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" and "You Are a Wonderful One". He married her in 1964 and the couple adopted a boy they named Marvin Pentz Gaye III in 1965. Their marriage was rocky by the time Marvin began courting a beautiful seventeen-year-old high-school student named Janis Hunter in 1973. Hunter was reportedly the inspiration behind the song "If I Should Die Tonight" as he had sung the song to her in the studio. His 1976 album, I Want You, was dedicated to Janis, who married him in 1977. The couple had two children together, daughter Nona and son Frankie. They divorced in 1981.
Discography
Studio albums
 The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye (1961)
 That Stubborn Kinda Fellow (1963)
 When I'm Alone I Cry (1964)
 Hello Broadway (1964)
 How Sweet It Is to Be Loved by You (1965)
 A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole (1965)
 Moods of Marvin Gaye (1966)
 In The Groove (a.k.a. I Heard It Through the Crapevine (1968)
 M.P.G. (1969)
 That's the Way Love Is (1970)
 What's Going On (1971)
 Trouble Man (1972)
 Let's Get It On (1973)
 I Want You (1976)
 Here, My Dear (1978)
 In Our Lifetime (1981)
 Midnight Love (1982)
 Dream of a Lifetime (1985)
 Romantically Yours (1985)
 Vulnerable (1997)

References 

African American musicians
American manslaughter victims
American R&B singers
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
Deaths by firearm in the United States
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
1939 births
1984 deaths
Murdered African-American people
Masturbation is when a person touches his or her own sex organs to gain pleasure. It often results in an orgasm. Although some religions say it is bad, the modern view is that it is a completely normal and healthy thing to do. Almost all boys and most girls masturbate, starting in puberty if not earlier. Both teenage boys and girls masturbate daily on average for mid-teens according to one survey. Studies have shown that many people, including adults with sex partners, masturbate regularly. There are many slang words and expressions for masturbation. Among the most common, at least in the United States and Canada, are: jacking, jacking off and jerking off. Those are usually just used for males and are definitely slang. A teenage boy might say, "I've got to jack." Some words or expressions can be for anyone and are reasonably polite: playing with yourself, touching yourself, pleasuring yourself, self pleasure and solo sex. Those expressions might be used on TV or radio talk shows
. In comics, the words fap fap fap mean the person is masturbating (but there's not a picture showing it.)
Masturbating may be done alone, but can also be done with another person. This is called "mutual masturbation". This is fairly common among pre-teen and early-teenaged boys regardless of sexual orientation. Usually, it is done out of curiosity so boys can educate themselves about whether their sexual responses are similar. Girls may also masturbate together, regardless of sexual orientation. Girls and boys who are starting a relationship, who are worried about pregnancy, or who are just curious about sex may begin with mutual masturbation. Two people can also masturbate together over the internet or with phones, although that is usually called cybersex or phone sex rather than mutual masturbation. That can be a good way for two people who are in love but are far away from each other to keep their romantic relationship alive. It can also be a way for people who have not met in person to build a relationship
. Even for two people who do not plan to have a romantic relationship with each other, it can be much more fun to masturbate with someone else than to masturbate alone.