Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The wingspan of an airplane or a bird is the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other. The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep.

To measure the wingspan of a bird, a live or freshly dead specimen is placed flat on its back, the wings are grasped at the wrist joints and ankles, and then the distance is measured between the tips of the longest primary feathers on each wing.

Aerospace engineering‎
Birds
A talent agent, or booking agent, is a person who finds jobs for actors, musicians, models, and other people in different entertainment businesses. Agents make their money by taking a percentage of the money that their client is paid.

Entertainment occupations
Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993) was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire. He was president until he died in 1993.

References 

1905 births
1993 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Prime Ministers of Ivory Coast
Presidents of Ivory Coast
Roman Catholics
The University of Cambridge (also called Cambridge University) is in Cambridge, England. It is the second-oldest university in all English-speaking countries. It is one of the world's leading places of learning.
 
The University started as a group of scholars in the city of Cambridge. This may have started in 1209 when scholars left Oxford after a fight with local people. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge are often called Oxbridge. This is not a different university. It is a way of saying Oxford and Cambridge together. Cambridge University and Oxford University are both crucial to the history of England.

Cambridge is usually ranked in the world's top five universities. UK rankings and tests on the quality of its research also rate it very highly. Cambridge has more than 18,000 students and many sports clubs and societies.
Many important people studied at the University of Cambridge, including scientists, poets, artists, politicians and members of the British Royal Family. 121 former students and staff from Cambridge later won a Nobel Prize.

History 
The official creation of the University was in 1231 when King Henry III of England gave people the right to teach students and lower taxes. A letter from Pope Gregory IX in 1233 also gave the right to everyone who got a degree from Cambridge to teach in any place in the Christian world.

In 1290, Pope Nicholas IV called Cambridge a studium generale (name for a university in Medieval times). From that point, many researchers and teachers from other European universities started to come to Cambridge to work or give lessons.
Building the colleges 
Colleges started as places for students and teachers to live. They were called hostels at first. The students paid money to build and run these hostels. All colleges were formed after the beginning of the University. Over the years, colleges bought all of these hostels back. However, some old names still resist today, such as Garret Hostel Lane which was named after Garret Hostel.

Peterhouse was the first official college to be created in 1284. Many followed over the centuries and today there are 31. The last one, Robinson, was built in the 1970s. Many of these have a chapel because the members should have prayed for the soul of the founders (the people who created the college).
The role of the University in the Protestant Reformation 
The University was one of the most important places where the Protestant Reformation began. The Protestant Reformation was a movement in Europe where people started disagreeing with certain teachings of the Catholic Church In fact, people started talking about Lutheranism - a type of Protestantism - very early in Cambridge. Thomas Cranmer, who became a central figure in reform, studied at Cambridge.

A century later, some people in Cambridge started to think that the Church of England was still too much like the Catholic church. They started the Puritan movement. This produced more than 20,000 people who left for New England around 1620 in search of a place with better religious beliefs. Oliver Cromwell, a very important member of this movement, was a student at Sidney Sussex College during this time.
Mathematics and Physics 
Cambridge has been strong in applied mathematics since Isaac Newton was a student here in the 17th century. Every student had to study maths to obtain a degree. The degree was awarded as a Bachelor of Arts which mixed both arts and science subjects. Several important early physicists studied at Cambridge. They include James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin and Lord Rayleigh. Pure mathematics was slower to catch up, but Cambridge is still famous for it thanks to people like G.H. Hardy.

Six maths graduates from Cambridge won Fields Medals and one got an Abel Prize. These are the world's highest awards for mathematicians. Four other researchers at Cambridge also won Fields Medals.

Important discoveries
People at the University of Cambridge have made many important scientific discoveries. These are some of the best-known ones:
 Understanding the scientific method, by Francis Bacon
 The laws of motion and the development of calculus, by Sir Isaac Newton
 The development of the thermodynamics, by Lord Kelvin
 The discovery of the electron, by J. J. Thomson
 The splitting of the atom, by Ernest Rutherford and of the nucleus, by Sir John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton
 The unification of electromagnetism, by James Clerk Maxwell
 The discovery of hydrogen, by Henry Cavendish
 The theory of evolution by natural selection, by Charles Darwin
 A way of understanding natural selection with Mendelian genetics in a mathematical way, by Ronald Fisher
 The Turing machine, a basic model for computation, by Alan Turing
 The structure of DNA, by Francis Crick and James D. Watson 
 The development of quantum mechanics, by Paul Dirac
 The development of string theory, by Michael Green
Women's education 
For many years only men were allowed to study at Cambridge. In 1869 Girton, the first college for women was built. Women could take exams from 1882, but only in 1948 did they start to be considered full members of the university. For a certain time, they even received ad eundem degrees (degrees from a University you have not studied at, but you deserve) from the University of Dublin.

Over the years, more women-only colleges were built, until in 1972 Churchill was the first one to become mixed. Many others followed, and in 1988 Magdalene was the last men-only college to open to women. However, there are still some colleges for women only. Cambridge is the only university that still has this characteristic. All other universities in the UK, including Oxford, now have only mixed colleges.
Myths, legends and traditions 
Since it is very old, the University has many legends and traditions. These are often passed on by older students to the younger ones. Tour guides also tell these stories to tourists.

The wooden spoon tradition was to give this type of spoon to the student who was the worst in the year for mathematics but still passed the exams. This was because the students used to be ranked in order of their results. After 1909 this was changed and so the wooden spoon cannot be given anymore. However, still today in many sports competitions a wooden spoon is given to the last person in the rankings.

Many legends exist about places in Cambridge. For example, there is a story about the Mathematical Bridge in Queen's College. Newton built it without using any bolts or screws. Some people then took it down to see how it was made. When they tried to put it up again they could not do it, so they had to insert many bolts.
Another tradition is that the King's College choir sings the Nine Lessons and Carols church service. This is recorded by the BBC and sent around the world since 1928 by the radio. From 1954 it can also be seen on television. Many people watch it on Christmas Eve in Great Britain.

Organisation 

The University of Cambridge is a "collegiate" university. This means it is divided into colleges, and every student and teacher joins one college only. Every one of these colleges has its property and money. They all have many Fellows who can teach all the subjects between them. Then there are Departments and Faculties, which are buildings where only one subject is studied. Some Schools bring different Departments and Faculties together. The overall head of the University is called the Vice-Chancellor. They are heads of the Senate and Regent House which make decisions for the whole University.

Colleges 
There are 31 colleges in Cambridge:
Christ's College (1505)
 Churchill College (1960)
 Clare College (1326)
 Clare Hall (1965) †
 Corpus Christi College (1352)
 Darwin College (1964) †
 Downing College (1800)
 Emmanuel College (1584)
 Fitzwilliam College (1966)
 Girton College (1869)
 Gonville and Caius College (1348)
 Homerton College (1976)
 Hughes Hall, Cambridge (1885) ‡
 Jesus College (1496)
 King's College (1441)
 Lucy Cavendish College (1965) * ‡

 Magdalene College (1428)
 Murray Edwards College (1954) *
 Newnham College (1871) *
 Pembroke College (1347)
 Peterhouse (1284)
 Queens' College (1448)
 Robinson College (1979)
 St Catharine's College (1473)
 St Edmund's College (1896) ‡
 St John's College (1511)
 Selwyn College (1882)
 Sidney Sussex College (1596)
 Trinity College (1546)
 Trinity Hall (1350)
 Wolfson College (1965) ‡

*Only for women

†Only for Postgraduate students

‡Only for students older than 21
There are also 3 smaller affiliated colleges: Westcott House, Westminster College and Ridley Hall. These are not part of Cambridge University, but students there can follow the University's lessons. They are only for theology, the study of religion. These three colleges together form the Cambridge Theological Federation.

Teaching 
The teaching is done through lectures and practical classes (where students do experiments in science subjects) organised by the Department. The colleges also organise supervision. These are small lessons in groups of 1 to 4: the students do some homework and then talk about it with a teacher. This is often considered one of the best things about studying at Cambridge. The teaching is very personal; students can ask questions and understand the subject.
Schools, faculties and departments 
There are more than 150 different faculties and departments in Cambridge. These are then grouped into "Schools". These have a supervisory body, a group of people who check that the departments are doing ok. There are six Schools:
 Arts and Humanities
 Biological Sciences
 Clinical Medicine
 Humanities and Social Sciences
 Physical Sciences
 Technology
Academic year 
The year is divided into three parts. The first one is Michaelmas Term, which is from October to December and takes its name from St Michael's day and Christmas. The second one is Lent Term which goes from January to March. The last one is Easter Term, from April to June. Within these times, there is 8 weeks called Full Term. Most lessons and exams happen in Full Term. All students need to live in college for this period. There is a University rule which says that students can get their degree only if they have stayed for at least 9 terms (3 years) at a distance of fewer than 10 miles from the main Church in Cambridge.

Central administration
Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor 
The head of the University is the Chancellor. As of 2013, he is David Sainsbury. He was elected in 2011 after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh said he did not want to do it anymore. Prince Philip had been Chancellor for 25 years. The position of Chancellor is mainly ceremonial. That means that the Chancellor does not take part in many decisions. He is just there because an overall head of the University is needed.

The Vice-Chancellor instead is the one that makes most decisions. For example, he/she approves and signs new rules. The role is given to a person for at least five years. The current Vice-Chancellor is Stephen J. Toope.

Senate and Regent House
The Senate House is a building in Cambridge. The degree ceremony takes place there. Any Cambridge student who has an MA degree is a member of the Senate. It is also the place where the important people in the University meet to take decisions. These important people are different Officers and Fellows of the colleges. They are also called the Regent House. This is not another building, it is just a way of calling these people. They can make and change rules when they meet. News and information are printed and given out in the Cambridge University Reporter. This is the official newspaper of the university.
Finances 
The university had £7.1 billion in endowments in 2019. This money was given over lots of time by many people. This is the largest amount of money for any university in Europe. Every college controls its money on its own. They are all considered charitable organisations. The British Government also gives money to research grants: these are for postgraduate students and their teachers. There is also some income produced by Cambridge University Press.

In 2000, Cambridge received a very large donation of US$210 million from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. This was to set up a scholarship so that US and other international students could study in Cambridge more easily. Bill Gates was also made a Knight by the Queen because of his generosity. Between 2005 and 2012, a campaign was made to get £1 billion from old students. This was at the same time as the University's 800th anniversary. The campaign got to the target early in 2010.

Location

Sites
Location

Sites 

The University is spread around the town of Cambridge. The older colleges are on the river Cam. The departments and faculties are spread in different places, usually grouped in sites. There are nine main sites:

Addenbrooke's
Downing Site
Madingley/Girton
New Museums Site
Old Addenbroke's

Old Schools
Silver Street/Mill Lane
Sidgwick Site
West Cambridge

Addenbrooke's Hospital is where the medicine students go to learn how to cure patients. The Judge Business School is another important building: this is where courses about business and finance are taught. Since the different sites are quite close to each other, many students like to use bicycles to move around. A fifth of the journeys in the town is made by bike. Students are also not allowed to drive a car while they are in Cambridge.
Town and Gown 
Local people from Cambridge don't always like the students. "Town and Gown" is a phrase to talk about this relationship. "Town" means the Cambridge locals while "Gown" means the students and teachers, from the type of dress they wear. Since the University began, there have been some fights between the two groups. In 1381, many things were stolen from the university and colleges. The Chancellor was then given extra power to control the order in the town. When the plague arrived in Cambridge in 1630, many colleges closed up. They did not want to help the locals who had the disease.

However, more recently there have been fewer fights. The University also means more jobs and money for the population. There are many small industries that were created in Cambridge because the University was near. This effect is called The Cambridge Phenomenon. Between 1960-2010 there have been 1,500 new companies and 40,000 new jobs in Cambridge just thanks to the University.

Libraries and Museums
The University has 114 libraries. The main one is called Cambridge University Library. It is a legal deposit, which means every book that is printed in the United Kingdom goes into this library. Many departments have their own library as well. They usually have special books for their subjects only. All colleges have a library. This is mainly for the undergraduates so that they can read basic books about their subjects. Some colleges also have very precious books and manuscripts. For example, the Parker Library (Corpus Christi College) has special books from Medieval times.
The university also has 8 museums and a botanical garden:
 Fitzwilliam Museum for art
 Kettle's Yard for contemporary art
 Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge for archaeological objects 
 Cambridge University Museum of Zoology for the study of animals
 Museum of Classical Archaeology
 Whipple Museum of the History of Science
 Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences for geology
 Scott Polar Research Institute that has a museum for the Arctic and Antarctic 
 Cambridge University Botanic Garden that was created in 1831

University life

Research 
One of the main aims of the University of Cambridge is to do scientific research. All the departments are always studying and discovering new things. Many important people have done research in Cambridge. This is because the university has a lot of money and resources like laboratories and books. It had £283.7 M in 2011 to spend on research; this was mainly given by the UK Government and the European Commission.
Admission 
Students need to pass some tests and Interviews to be allowed in Cambridge. For undergraduates, the application is done through UCAS. This is as with any other university in the UK. Students need to be very good to enter Cambridge. If they study A-levels, they are asked to get at least A*AA. Because many good students apply, the interview is very important to choose the best ones. These are done by Fellows. Usually about 25% of the applicants get a place. However, the number changes depending on the subjects. Some of them, like medicine and economics, are very hard to get into. Students need to choose a college before doing the application. They may later have to change it if the college thinks they are good but does not have enough places for them.
Access 
Some people think that admission to Cambridge is not very fair. This is because it is easier to get in if you go to a private school instead of a state school. In 2007-2008, only 57% of students who got a place were coming from a state school. However, about 93% of British children go to them. If a student goes to a private school, he/she is also more likely to get a place after the interview. In 2011, only 25% of students that applied from state schools got a place, while the percentage was 33% for private school students. The University is trying to make things better by making the admission process easier and giving scholarships for the poorer students. Another problem is that year after year there are also fewer people from state schools applying.

Reputation and rankings 
Cambridge does very well when the quality of research is tested. In 2001, it was ranked first in the British Government Assessment Exercise. Cambridge also gives out more PhDs in a year than any other UK university.
The following table has Cambridge results over the years in various College and university rankings.

The colleges also have a ranking between them. This is called the Tompkins Table. It is published every year by The Independent newspaper. Trinity College and Emmanuel College usually do very well in it.

Public examinations 

The University also runs many public examinations. This can be for people who want to take language tests in English for example. Some of the A-level and GCSEs exams are also written and organized here.

Associations 
The University of Cambridge is a member of
 the Russell Group, a network of research-led British universities;
 the Coimbra Group, an association of leading European universities;
 the League of European Research Universities;
 the International Alliance of Research Universities.

It is also considered part of the "Golden Triangle", a geographical concentration of UK university research.

Student life
Student life

Students' Union, JCR and MCR 
The Cambridge University Students' Union (CUSU) represents all the students within the University. All new students become members when they arrive in Cambridge. It was started in 1964 as the Students' Representative Council (SRC). There are six important positions in the Union which are taken by students who take a year off work. These people have meetings with the Vice-Chancellor and other university officers to talk about new rules or how to change them.

Inside the colleges, there are also groups of students who represent all of the others. These are called JCR (Junior Common Room) for undergraduates and MCR (Middle Common Room) for postgraduates. They organize things like Fresher's Week, the first week in October when new first-year students arrive. They also make sure every student is happy about his life in Cambridge.
Sport 
Sport has always been very important in Cambridge. Many students try rowing because the Cam river is a good one to play this sport. There are many boat races between the different colleges. These are called bumps: because the river is too small, boats start one behind the other. To win, a boat needs to hit (or "bump") the one ahead. Every year in London there is also the famous Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge. Many other sports are played between colleges and universities.

Places to do sports, like gyms and fields, are run by single colleges. A new University-wide sports complex is being built.

Societies 
Cambridge is also full of societies: these are small groups of people that meet together to do something that they like. These can be speaking a language, playing chess, acting in theatres, or playing a musical instrument. In 2010, there were 751 societies. There can also be smaller clubs in the colleges.
Newspapers and radio 
There are three students newspapers, that tell things that happen around the university. Varsity, created in 1947, is the oldest one. The Cambridge Student and The Tab are newer ones; The Tab has funny articles and is less serious. There is also a radio station called Cam FM. This is run with help from Anglia Ruskin University, which is another university in Cambridge.

Formal Halls and May Balls 
Formal Halls are special dinners where students and Fellows eat together. Everyone wears a suit and there is good food. There is a prayer in Latin at the beginning and the end. These dinners are a tradition and the idea is that people in the college should get to know each other at them. After the exams, there is May Week when students make parties. A May Ball happens in every college: it lasts all night and there is lots of music and food.

Important students
Many people who later became very famous in their subject studied at Cambridge. 89 people linked with Cambridge have won a Nobel Prize. This includes 29 prizes in physics, 26 in medicine, 21 in chemistry and 9 in economics. People from Cambridge have also done great things in the arts and sports.

Mathematics and sciences 
Cambridge has a very strong tradition in this field. Students include Isaac Newton, who made lots of experiments at Trinity College. Francis Bacon developed the Scientific method which is the starting point of today's science. G. H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan did a lot in pure mathematics. James Clerk Maxwell found out more about electromagnetism. In biology, Charles Darwin made his theory about natural selection while Francis Crick and James D. Watson discovered the structure of DNA. Also, David Attenborough, who is now a television presenter, was a science student at Cambridge.
In nuclear physics, the discoveries of Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, J. J. Thomson and James Chadwick made people really understand what is inside an atom: electrons, protons and neutrons. J. Robert Oppenheimer studied here and later went on to develop the atomic bomb. In astronomy, Paul Dirac, Stephen Hawking, John Herschel and Georges Lemaître found out many things about the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes.

Humanities, music and art 
Desiderius Erasmus was really important for starting studies about Greek and Latin at the University. In economics, John Maynard Keynes, Thomas Robert Malthus and Milton Friedman all started their theories in Cambridge. Known philosophers are Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, George Santayana, Karl Popper and Muhammad Iqbal. Many Archbishops of Canterbury also studied at Cambridge, like Rowan Williams. William Wilberforce helped to stop the slave trade. Thomas Cranmer was an Archbishop who was then killed because of his ideas.
In music, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Charles Villiers Stanford, William Sterndale Bennett, Orlando Gibbons and more recently John Rutter all started their education at Cambridge. Some members of the band Radiohead were also here. In the arts, Quentin Blake was an undergraduate here.

Literature 
Students in this field include Christopher Marlowe, writer of many tragedies; Samuel Pepys, after who the library in Magdalene College is called; William Makepeace Thackeray, famous for his satire; E. M. Forster, a more contemporary author and C. S. Lewis, fantasy writer. Virginia Woolf did not study here but based her books around the colleges. Poets include Edmund Spenser, John Donne, John Milton, John Dryden, Lord Byron and Samuel Taylor Coleridge who started the Romantic movement.
Known actors and directors are Ian McKellen, Derek Jacobi, Michael Redgrave, James Mason, Emma Thompson, Stephen Fry, Hugh Laurie, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Graham Chapman, Tilda Swinton, Thandie Newton, Rachel Weisz, Sacha Baron Cohen, Tom Hiddleston all studied at the university.

Sports 
More than 50 people who won medals at the Olympic Games had studied in Cambridge, as George Mallory did, who might have been the first to reach the top of mount Everest.

Politics 
Finally, Cambridge is also strong in politics because it educated:

15 British Prime Ministers, including Robert Walpole, thought to be the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.
At least 23 foreign Heads of Government, including the Prime Ministers of India, Singapore and Jordan.
At least 9 monarchs, HRH Charles, Prince of Wales and a large number of other royals.
3 people who signed of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (1653–58).
Cambridge in books and popular culture 
Due to its long history, the University has been named in many books and works by different authors.
In Pride and Prejudice, some of the main characters studied at Cambridge
In Gulliver's Travels, the narrator starts from Emmanuel College
In A Tale of Two Cities, one of the characters is a professor in Cambridge
Sherlock Holmes has been an undergraduate at this University
Porterhouse Blue and Grantchester Grind are funny books about life in Cambridge as a student

References

Bibliography 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Garrett, Martin (2004), 'Cambridge: a Cultural and Literary History', Signal Books. .
 A history of the University of Cambridge, by Christopher N.L. Brooke, Cambridge University Press, 4 volumes, 1988–2004, , , , .

Other websites 

 University of Cambridge official website
 Cambridge University Students' Union
 Cambridge University Graduate Union
 Postdocs of Cambridge 
 Varsity – a student newspaper
 The Cambridge Student (TCS)  – a student newspaper
Images and maps links 
 Aerial view – from Google Maps
 Interactive map – a map showing all of the University departments and colleges. The map can zoom in on each place.

1231 establishments
 
13th-century establishments in England
Carpals are bones found in the hand. They are also called wrist bones as they are in the wrist. There are eight carpals in each hand.  Any easy way to remember the eight bones in order is "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle." for Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

Individual Carpals 
The eight carpals are:
 Pisiform 
 Triquetrum (also called Triangular)
 Hamate
 Capitate 
 Scaphoid 
 Trapezium
 Trapezoid
 Lunate 

Bones
The Orient Express is the name for a passenger train (and its route). Originally it ran from Paris to Istanbul. The final service was an overnight train between Strasbourg and Vienna (it joined with the sleeper from Amsterdam in Karlsruhe). The service ended in 2009.

Rail transport in Europe
The sleeping car or sleeper is a part of a train with beds built in, mostly for making nighttime travel more restful.

Other websites 
 A. Philip Randolph / Sleeping Car Porters 
 The Abraham Lincoln 1910 Heavyweight Pullman Business Car — photographs and short history.

Trains
This is a list of the Police forces in the United Kingdom.

Countries 

Police Officer numbers in England and Wales are at their highest ever levels.

England 

* Note: Staffordshire, West Mercia and West Midlands participate in a partnership called the Central Motorway Police Group

In September 2006 police numbers in England were:
 Police officers: 133,775
 Police Community Support Officers: 8,133
 Other staff: 70,818

Wales 

In September 2006 police numbers in Wales were:
 Police officers: 7,579
 Police Community Support Officers: 384
 Other staff: 3,767

Scotland 

Most areas of Policing in Scotland are done by the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament, but some rights remain with the Scottish Office in the UK Government. These areas include national security, terrorism, firearms and drugs.

As of 1 April 2013, Policing in Scotland is the responsibility of the Police Service of Scotland.
In June 2004, police numbers in Scotland were 15,714. By the end of June 2012, police numbers had risen to 17,373. This shows a 10.56% increase in police numbers over this 8 year period.

Northern Ireland 

The Royal Ulster Constabulary was formed in 1922 to police the new Northern Ireland. It was renamed in 2001 following the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 undertaken by the Patten Commission.

In Northern Ireland, police powers have not been transferred to the Northern Ireland Executive as they have been in Scotland, instead they remain with the Northern Ireland Office in the UK Government.

Police Service of Northern Ireland

In April 2007 police numbers in Northern Ireland were:
Police officers: 7,244
Part time police officers: 888
Other staff: 2,701

The Police Service of Northern Ireland does not employ Police Community Support Officers.

References

Further reading
 Helen Gough, Police and Constabulary Almanac (Police & Constabulary Almanac), Shaw & Sons (21 Feb 2007), 500 pages,
Other websites
 Association of Chief Police Officers of England, Wales & N.Ireland 
 Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland
 Police Federation of England & Wales
 Scottish Police Federation
 Scottish Police Forces Website 
 The UK Police Service - Forces 

United Kingdom-related lists
Robert Christgau (born April 18, 1942) is an American music journalist. He has called himself the "Dean of American Rock Critics".

References

Other websites 

 Official website

American journalists
Writers from New York City
1942 births
Living people
Texas A&M University–Kingsville is a public university in Kingsville, Texas, United States.  It has about 6,500 students enrolled and it was founded in 1925.  It has ties to Texas A&M University.

References

Other websites
Texas A&M University–Kingsville

Colleges and universities in Texas
1925 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in Texas
The 1932–33 NHL season was the 16th season of the National Hockey League. Nine teams each played 48 games. The New York Rangers beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one for the Stanley Cup.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Leading scorers
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1932–33 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Art Wiebe, Chicago Black Hawks
Eddie Wiseman, Detroit Red Wings
Charlie Sands, Toronto Maple Leafs
Buzz Boll*, Toronto Maple Leafs
Bill Thoms, Toronto Maple Leafs
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1932–33 (listed with their last team):
George Owen, Boston Bruins
Billy Burch, Chicago Black Hawks
Reg Noble, Montreal Maroons
Hib Milks, Ottawa Senators
Norman Gainor, Ottawa Senators
Harold Darragh, Toronto Maple Leafs

References

Hockeydb.com 1932–33 season
NHL.com

1932 in North America
1933
The 1933–34 NHL season was the 17th season of the National Hockey League. Nine teams each played 48 games. The Chicago Black Hawks were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Detroit Red Wings three games to one.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1933–34 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Russ Blinco, Montreal Maroons
Herb Cain, Montreal Maroons
Lorne Carr, New York Rangers
Flash Hollett, Toronto Maple Leafs
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1933–34 (listed with their last team):
Lionel Hitchman, Boston Bruins
Percy Galbraith, Boston Bruins
Charles Gardiner, Chicago Black Hawks
Clarence Abel, Chicago Black Hawks
George Hay, Detroit Red Wings
Ace Bailey, Toronto Maple Leafs

References

Hockeydb.com 1933-34 season
NHL.com
HickokSports.com 

1930s in North America
Passer rating (known as passing efficiency or pass efficiency in NCAA football) is a measure of how well a quarterback, or any other passer in American and Canadian football, played.  Math is used to get the passer rating.  To get a good passer rating, a quarterback needs to have a high number of good passes and touchdowns. A quarterback can get a bad passer rating if the quarterback has many interceptions.

Other websites 
 NFL.com QB Rating Page 
 Online QB Rating Calculator. NFL formula.
 Online passer rating calculator for NFL/CFL, NCAA and AFL formulas 

American football
Canadian football
College football
National Football League
UK postal codes are known as postcodes.

UK postcodes use letters and numbers. The British Prime Minister's postcode at 10 Downing Street is SW1A 2AA.

These codes were started by the Royal Mail over a 15-year period from 1959 to 1974 – the full list is now available electronically from the Royal Mail as the Postcode Address File. They were made to help electronically sort mail.

Postcodes are now used for many other purposes such as insurance calculations, and as a way to describe United Kingdom places to sat navs.

United Kingdom
Postal services in the United Kingdom
The Chenab River (Punjabi/), a mix of two words: 
'Moon(Chan) چن River(aab)) آب', is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers at Tandi in the upper Himalayas in the Lahul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, Republic of India. In its upper reaches it is also known as the Chandrabhaga. It is a tributary of the Indus River.

It flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and Jech interfluves (Doabs in Persian). It is joined by the Jhelum River at Trimmu تریمو and then by the Ravi River Ahmadpur Siyaal احمدپورسیال. It then merges with the Sutlej River near Uch Sharif to form the Panjnad or the 'Five Rivers', the fifth being the Beas River which joins the Satluj near Ferozepur, India. The Chenab then joins the Indus at Mithankot. The total length of the Chenab is about 960 kilometres. 

The waters of the Chenab are allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty.
The Baglihar hydropower dam is being built (as of 2006) on the Chenab River in the Doda district.  This is about 110 kilometers eastward of the Pakistan border in the Jammu division of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The dam is one of 9 hydro-electric projects on the Chenab River.

Related pages
List of rivers of Pakistan

References 

Rivers of Pakistan
Tributaries of the Indus River
Jehlum River or Jhelum River (Punjabi: ਜੇਹਲਮ, Punjabi:  is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Jhelum District. It is a tributary of the Indus River and has a total length of about 480 miles (774 kilometers).

Course
Course 

The river Jhelum rises from a spring at Verinag situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the south-eastern part of the valley of Kashmir. It flows through Srinagar and the Wular Lake before entering Pakistan from Kashmir through a deep narrow gorge. The Kishenganga Neelum River, the largest tributary of the Jhelum, joins it near Muzaffarabad, as does the next largest, the Kunhar River of the Kaghan valley. It also connects with Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir on Kohala Bridge east of Circle Bakote. It is then joined by the Poonch river, and flows into the Mangla reservoir in the Mirpur District. The Jhelum enters the Punjab in the Jhelum District. From there, it flows through the plains of Pakistan's Punjab, forming the boundary between the Chaj and Sindh Sagar Doabs. It ends in a confluence with the Chenab at Trimmu in District Jhang. The Chenab merges with the Sutlej to form the Panjnad River which joins the Indus River at Mithankot.

Related pages
 List of rivers of Pakistan
Rivers of Pakistan
Tributaries of the Indus River
The Ravi River (), 
(, , is a river that crosses northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of the five rivers which give Punjab its name. 

It is also one of the major five rivers/tributaries of Indus.  

The Ravi was known as Parushani or Iravati to Indians in Vedic times and Hydraotes to the Ancient Greeks. 

It originates in the Himalayas in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh following a north-westerly course. It turns to the south-west, near Dalhousie, and then cuts a gorge in the Dhaola Dhar range entering the Punjab plain near Madhopur. It then flows along the Indo-Pak border for some distance before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab River. 

The total length of the river is about 720 km. 

The waters of the Ravi river are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan and the resulting Indus Basin Project.
It is also called 'The river of Lahore' since that great city is located on its eastern bank. On its western bank is located the famous town of Shahdara with the tomb of Jahangir and the Tomb of Noor Jahan.

Rivers of Pakistan
Tributaries of the Indus River
The Shingo River is a tributary of the Suru River (Indus), and flows through the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir.

Rivers of Pakistan
The Iranian women's movement, also called the Persian women's movement, involves the Iranian women's social movement for women's rights. The movement emerged after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Semi secret associations took place and organized women's rights demonstrations and protests.

It lasted until 1910, when the first Women Journal was published by women, to 1933, when which the last women’s association was dissolved by the Reza Shah’s government. The women’s movement emerged again after the Iranian Revolution (1979).  In some villages the parents must show proof of their daughters virginity on the wedding night.

Activists
Activists 

Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi (1859–1921)
Touba Azmoudeh (1878-1936)
Sediqeh Dowlatabadi (1882-1962)
Mohtaram Eskandari (1895–1924)
Roshank No'doost (1899-?)
Afaq Parsa (1899-?)
Fakhr ozma Arghoun (1899-1966)
Noor-ol-Hoda Mangeneh (1902-?)
Zandokht Shirazi (1909-1953)
Maryam Amid (Mariam Mozayen-ol Sadat) (?-1919)
Shahnaz Azad (1901-1961)
Roya Toloui (1966-)
Parvin Ardalan (1967–)
Noushin Ahmadi khorasani (1970–)
Shadi Sadr (1975–)

References

History of Iran
Iran
Feminism
Tricastin is a nuclear power plant in France. It has 4 reactors, which each generate 915 MW, for a total of 3.6 TW. It is next to the highway, about halfway between Valence-sur-Rhône and Avignon. It is on the River Rhône. It was built form 1974 to 1981; the first reactors started working in 1980. It has been criticized several times, because of incidents:
The French control authority said in 2002 that certain means of cooling would not work when there was an earthquake.
A study done in 2004 said that tests done at the site showed that firefighters needed 37 minutes to bring a fire under control. This is too long, and mostly related to the lack of training. According to the report, this makes it impossible to extinguish a bigger fire.
In 2003, the temperature of the water of the canal next to the site was higher than allowed, for a total of over 44 hours. The autorized limit was 27 °C, the measured temperature was 28.8 °C.
Between July 7 and July 8, 2008, a solution containing Uranium was spilled on the site; about 75 kg of a total of about 250 kg reached nearby rivers., during cleaning works. The incident has been classified at level 1 of 8 of the International Nuclear Event Scale. The company doing the uranium enrichment was closed. French authorities have banned the use of water from the respective rivers for drinking and watering of crops. Swimming, water sports and fishing were also banned.  Measurements done 3 days later on the site revealed radiation levels that could not be explained by the facts cited, alone. The leader of the investigation team said that there probably had been similar incidents earlier that were not reported. 
In July 2008, about 100 employees were exposed to radioactive particles that escaped from a pipe in a reactor that had been shut down.
On August 21, 2008 workers  replacing a drain pipe detected a broken valve. Because of this, radioactive uranium would occasionally spill into the sourrounding environment. A study is currently under way to determine how much uranium escaped, those running the power plant talk of about 250g per year.
References

Nuclear power plants in Europe
Polly Pocket is a line of small plastic dolls and accessories. The name comes from the fact that many of the first Polly Pocket toys came in pocket-size cases.  The Fashion Polly dolls are sold by Mattel.

History
Polly was first designed by Chris Wiggs in 1983 for his daughter Kate. Using a powder compact, he created a small house for the very small doll. Bluebird Toys of Swindon, England licensed the idea. The first Polly Pocket were sold in stores in 1989. Mattel held a distribution agreement with Bluebird Toys for Polly Pocket items in the early 1990s. In 1998, while production slowed, several companies tried to buy Bluebird Toys. Mattel finally bought the company later that year.
In 1999, Mattel changed the design of Polly. They created a new series of collectible items. The new Polly doll is larger. It also looks more similar to a real person than the first dolls.  That same year, Mattel also started selling Fashion Polly!. This line used the same characters from the new Polly Pocket (Polly, Lea, Shani, Lila, etc.) but they were 3 ¾ inch (9.5 cm) plastic jointed dolls. Instead of the normal cloth clothing, Polly Pockets used "Polly Stretch" clothing. These were rubbery plastic clothes that could be put on the dolls and removed.  They also created boy dolls.

Other websites
Polly Pocket
OnlyPollyPocket.com
Polly Pocket Time

Dolls
Juliet Burke (née Carlson) is a fictional character from the ABC drama television series Lost. She is played by the actress Elizabeth Mitchell. Created by J. J. Abrams and Damon Lindelof, the character was introduced in the third season's premiere.

Character's background
Juliet is a fertility doctor. She arrived on the Island in order to help pregnant women, as all of them die before giving birth to their child.

References 

Burke, Juliet

sv:Huvudroller i Lost#Juliet Burke
Tributaries 
 The Chang Chen Mo River is formed in the vicinity of Pamzal in Changchinmo plains of Disputed Area Ladakh and flows westward. It ends when it empties into the Shyok River.
 The Galwan River is in the southern part of Disputed Area Aksai Chin, Galwan originates in the area of Samzungling and flowing to the west joins the Shyok River.
 The Nubra River is a tributary of the Shyok River, which flows into the Indus River. It flows in the Disputed Area Ladakh area of Disputed Area Jammu and Kashmir.
 The Saltoro River begins in the skirts of the Saltoro Kangri peak ridge and flows to the southwest. Another branch starts from the slopes of the Masherbroom peak and flows to the south to join Saltoro. In the end this river empties into Shyok River near the coldest part of Pakistan the town of Khaplu.

Related pages
 List of rivers of Pakistan

Tributaries of the Indus River
Gilgit-Baltistan
Kashmir
Rivers of India
Rivers of Pakistan
The Suru River is a river in Jammu and Kashmir that forms the western and northern boundary of the Zanskar Range, it takes birth from the waters of Nunkun peak in its skirts flows to the north of Kargil and empties into the Indus River.

References

Rivers of Pakistan
Tributaries of the Indus River
Tawi is a river that flows through the city of Jammu, Kashmir. 

Tawi river is a major left bank tributary of Chenab River. The river originates from the lapse of Kali Kundi glacier and adjoining area south-west of Bhadarwah in Doda District. Tawi river catchment is delinated by latitude 320 35' -330 5' N and longitude 740 35' - 750 45' E. The catchment area of the river up to Indo-Pak cease-fire border (Jammu) is 2168 km², and falls within the districts of Jammu, Udhampur and a small part of Doda. Elevation in the catchment varies between 400–4000 m and total length of the river is about 141 km. The river in general flows through steep hills on either side excepting the lower reach for about 35 km. width of the river at Jammu is about 300 m at the bridge site.

Rivers of India
The Zanskar Gorge is found in the Zanskar region of Jammu and Kashmir. Its walls are near vertical cliffs up to 600m high.  The Zanskar River (a tributary of the Indus River) is only 5m wide in places.  It provides an access route to the Zanskar Valley, but only in winter when the river is frozen.

Rivers of Pakistan
Tributaries of the Indus River
Tributaries 
 The Ghizar River is the source of this river is the south of Shandoor pass in the western frontiers of Gilgit. Different streams flowing to the north join each other and take the shape of river near Chhashi. It then turns to the southeast and joins the Ishkuman River near Gupis and proceeds farther to Gakooch. From this point the river is named Gilgit. Flowing near Sher Qilla it reaches Gilgit town, where the river Hunza from north joins it.
 The Ishkuman River begins at Ishkuman where many streams meet. The streams come from the north western boundaries of Gilgit in the Hindu Kush range of mountains. At Ishkuman these streams join to make the Ishkuman River which flows south, passing through Chitarkhand. It ends where it joins into the Ghizar River at Gakooch.
 The Yasin River begins in the glaciers near Darkot, and passes in to the north western frontiers of Gilgit and flows south to the join the Ghizar River near Gupis.
The Hunza River () is the main river in Hunza, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It is formed by the confluence of the Khunjerab River, Gujerab River, Misgar River, Chapursan River and Shimshal River. These rivers are fed by glaciers. After flowing to south up to Nagar it turns to west. From Chalit it again takes a turn to the south. Flowing through Nomal Valley, it reaches Gilgit city and empties out into Gilgit River. It joins the Gilgit River with the Naltar River. Later it flows into the Indus River.
 The Hispar River forms from the melt water of the Hispar Glacier - a 49 kilometer-long glacier in the Northern Areas of Pakistan's Karakoram Mountains. The Hispar Glacier and river both flow northwest, passing through Hispar, Hopar and Nagar (Nagir) villages until the confluence with the Hunza River in the Hunza Valley. Road conditions are spectacular at best, treacherous at worst.