Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Claudius Aelianus (, modern Greek transliteration Klávdios Elianós; c. 175c. 235 AD), commonly Aelian () was a teacher from Latium. He was born around the year 170. He died after 220. Even though he was from Rome, he wrote in Greek. In English, he is often referred to as Aelian.

References 

175 births
235 deaths
Ancient Greek writers
The Bernoulli distribution is a probability distribution. It takes a value of 1 with probability p and a value of 0 with probability 1-p. It is sometimes written as . It is used in probability theory and statistics. It is named after a Swiss scientist Jacob Bernoulli.

Overview 
A Bernoulli distribution is useful because it can be used to approximate the outcomes of an experiment (such as tossing a coin) as a range of percentages. It represents a "yes or no" type experiment. If the experiment succeeds, then it is given the value 1. If the experiment does not succeed, it is given value 0. This can be used, for example, in tossing a coin, where "1" means it lands on "heads", and "0" means it lands on "tails" (or the other way around).

This distribution has only one parameter, the probability of a success (p). In fact, Bernoulli distribution is the binomial distribution with n=1, and n independent and identically distributed Bernoulli distributions also give rise to binomial distribution.

Related pages
Related pages 

 Poisson distribution

References 

Probability distributions
Fennoscandia is different to both Scandinavia and the Nordic countries. Denmark is not in the Scandinavian Peninsula and Karelia and the Kola Peninsula are not a part of the Nordic countries. They are a part of Russia. The geography of Fennoscandia is very mountainous and rough. It is also very beautiful with sights such as fjords, which take up a lot of space in Norway. Socially Fennoscandia shows the historically close relationship between the Finnish, Norwegian, Russian, Sámi and Swedish people.  It also  includes the Karelia area which until near the end of the Second World War was part of Finland.  Until 1956 much of the area was a Soviet Republic and it remains an administrative division of Russia.

References

Other websites 
 The Green Belt of Fennoscandia

Peninsulas of Europe
Regions of Europe
Jonathan Crombie (October 12, 1966 – April 15, 2015) was a Canadian actor. He was best known for playing Gilbert Blythe in CBC Television's 1985 television Anne of Green Gables and its two sequels.

Crombie died in New York City, New York from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 48.

References

Other websites 

1966 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Actors from Toronto
Alton "Ben" Powers (July 5, 1950 – April 6, 2015) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Thelma Evans' husband, Keith Anderson, during the sixth and final season of the 1970s TV show Good Times (1978–1979).  During the 1970s, he was a cast member of the TV comedy series, Laugh-In.

Other websites

1950 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (; 9 September 1918 – 29 January 2012) was an Italian politician. He was the ninth President of the Italian Republic from 1992 to 1999, and later a senator for life.

References

Other websites
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Oscar Luigi Scalfaro - full access article
  La biografia del presidente
 

1918 births
2012 deaths
Presidents of Italy
People from Novara
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
Norman Lawrence "Norm" Crosby (September 15, 1927 – November 7, 2020) was an American comedian. He was known for co-hosting the Canadian television series Everything Goes. His nickname was The Master of Malaprop.

On November 7, 2020, Crosby died of heart failure at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

Interview, November 2010
 Interview December 27, 2014  in Ames Tribune

1927 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Television personalities from Massachusetts
Actors from Boston
Comedians from Boston
Frederic Morton was an Austrian writer. Originally, he was named Fritz Mandelbaum. He was born in Vienna, on 5th of October 1924, and died there on 20th April 2015. In 1939, the family emigrated to London, and later to New York. In New York, Morton's father changed the family name to Morton. In 1951, Morton came back to Vienna, where he wrote as a correspondent for the US press. 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Writers from Vienna
Charlotte Douglas International Airport  is a joint civil-military public international airport. It is located in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was the 6th busiest airport in the world, based on traffic movements in 2010. It was also the 23rd busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2013. The airport was opened in 1936 as the Charlotte Municipal Airport. It was renamed the Douglas Municipal Airport after former mayor of Charlotte Ben Elbert Douglas, Sr. in 1954. It was the largest hub for US Airways. In 2015, US Airways was combined with American Airlines. Now, Charlotte is the 2nd largest hub for American.

Gallery

References

Other websites

Airports in the United States
Charlotte, North Carolina
1936 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in North Carolina
The City of Arvada is a city in Jefferson County Colorado, USA. It is a suburb of Denver. The city population was 124,402 residents in 2020. Arvada is the seventh largest city in Colorado. The Olde Town Arvada historic district is located  northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. In 1850 gold was discovered in Arvada. It was the first gold discovery in Colorado. News of the discovery set off a gold rush.

Attractions 
 Western Bowl, 10000 Ralston Rd, Arvada, CO 80004
 Big Time Trampoline Fun Center, New Life Addiction Treatment, 7330 W 52nd Ave, Arvada, CO 80002

References 

Cities in Colorado
Richard Anthony, also known as Ricardo Anthony Btesh (13 January 1938 – 19 April 2015), was a French singer from Cairo, Egypt. He was known for singing the soundtrack of A Good Year and for his small acting roles in Dallas and Star Trek: The Original Series.

Anthony died in Pégomas, France, aged 77.

References

Other websites
 

1938 births
2015 deaths
Egyptian singers
French singers
People from Bordeaux
Sir Raymond Albert Maillard Carr FBA FRHS FRSL (11 April 1919 – 19 April 2015), known as Raymond Carr, was an English historian. His works were mostly about the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden. He was also Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford, from 1968 to 1987.

References

1919 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Academics of the University of Oxford
English historians
People from Bath, Somerset
Writers from Somerset
Robert Bruce "Bob" St. Clair (February 18, 1931 – April 20, 2015), nicknamed "The Geek", was an American football player and politician. He played for the NFL team San Francisco 49ers from 1953 to 1963. He also served as mayor of Daly City, California from 1958 to 1961.

St. Clair was born in San Francisco, California. He was of Yaqui Native American ancestry.

St. Clair died after a short illness on April 20, 2015 in Santa Rosa, California. He was 74.

References

1931 births
2015 deaths
American football offensive tackles
American mayors
Football players from California
Politicians from San Francisco
San Francisco 49ers players
Sportspeople from San Francisco
Janaki Ballabh Patnaik (; 3 January 1927 – 21 April 2015) was an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Assam from 27 November 2009 to 11 December 2014. He was Chief Minister of Odisha from 9 June 1980 to 7 December 1989 and again from 15 March 1995 to 17 February 1999. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress

Patnaik was born in Rameshwar, Puri district, Odisha to a Hindu family. He married to Jayanti Patnaik from 1953 until his death. They had a son and two daughters.

Patnaik died from a heart attack on 21 April 2015 in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. He was 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Indian Hindus
Politicians from Odisha
Governors of Assam
Viktor Ivanovich Korshunov (; 24 November 1929 – 17 April 2015) was a Russian movie and stage actor. His career started in the 1950s. He was awarded the People's Artist of the USSR.

Korshunov was born in Moscow. He married actress Yekaterina Yelanskaya in 1953. She died in July 2013. They had one son, actor Aleksandr Korshunov (born 1954).

Korshunov died after a long illness on 17 April 2015 in Moscow, aged 85.

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Moscow
Disease-related deaths in Moscow
Russian movie actors
Soviet actors
Russian stage actors
The Adams-Onís Treaty (also called the Florida treaty) was a treaty between Spain and the United States of America in 1819. This treaty gave the state of Florida to the United States. It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries. It established the U.S- Mexican border.

Background 
The treaty was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. It came at a time of increasing difficulties related to Spain's territorial boundaries in North America. This was with both the United States and Great Britain following the American Revolution. There were also tensions during the Latin American Wars of Independence. Florida had become a problem for Spain. It could not afford to send settlers or garrisons.
Treaty 
The treaty was signed in Washington, DC on February 22, 1819. It was ratified in Madrid, Spain on October 24, 1820. The treaty actually went into effect on February 22, 1821. Madrid decided to cede the territory of Florida to the United States. This was in exchange for settling the boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas. The treaty established the boundary of U.S. territory. It recognized the claims of the United States through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean. In exchange the U.S. paid residents' claims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5,000,000. The United States also gave up its claims on parts of Spanish Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas, under the agreements in the Louisiana Purchase. Adams-Onis was a key event in determining the U.S.-Mexico border.

References 

1819
1810s treaties
1810s in the United States
19th century in Spain
Democratic party split 
In April 1860 Democrats met in Charleston, South Carolina to select a candidate for the upcoming presidential election. The convention was in complete chaos. Northern Democrats wanted to nominate Stephen A. Douglas. Southern Democrats would not support him because he supported new states having the popular sovereignty right to choose whether they would allow slavery. The convention could not agree on a candidate. Later, in a separate convention, the Northern Democrats met again and chose Douglas. The Southern Democrats chose John C. Breckinridge. He was the Vice President of the United States under President James Buchanan.

Later, a third group, The newly formed Constitutional Union Party chose John Bell as their candidate. The party included a few southern democrats who were against slavery. It also included members of the Whig Party and the Know Nothing party. The Constitutional Union Party was against secession and neutral on the issue of slavery. Bell himself was an ex-democrat.
The Republican convention  
The Republican party saw an opportunity when the Democrats were split. They met in Chicago on May 16–18. William H. Seward was the favorite among many. Abraham Lincoln had become known as a result of his debates with Stephen A. Douglas. He had the advantage the convention was held in Chicago, the center of his support. After two ballots, there was no clear choice. On the third ballot the republicans chose Lincoln.

Campaign  
Lincoln's position on the issue of slavery was known from his senatorial debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858. In one debate he said, "I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free." One of his most memorable quotes he stated, "A house divided against itself cannot stand." Even so, he was considered a moderate on the issue of slavery. He knew he could not end slavery in the south in one step. Instead he only spoke out against slavery in new American territories.
Lincoln won the election with 1,866,452 votes. Douglas received 1,376,957 votes. John Breckinridge and John Bell shared the remaining 1,438,660 votes cast. Lincoln won the majority of the electoral college giving him the presidency. But he won without carrying a single Southern state. Before Lincoln's inauguration as president, seven Southern states declared their secession. In his inaugural address, Lincoln spoke to the Southern states. He said, "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war". He went on to say, "The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to 'preserve, protect, and defend' it." Lincoln called them friends and told them we are not enemies. Unfortunately by this time Jefferson Davis was already the president of the Confederacy
. They were later joined by Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Two states, Kentucky and Missouri, attempted to remain neutral.
On April 12, 1861, the first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

References 

1860 in the United States
1860
Cătălina Ponor (; born 20 August 1987) is a Romanian artistic gymnast. She has won five medals at the Summer Olympics, three of them were gold medals.

References

1987 births
Living people
2004 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
Romanian Olympic bronze medalists
Romanian Olympic gold medalists
Romanian Olympic silver medalists
Romanian gymnasts
Gregory Pardlo (born 1968) is an American poet, writer, and professor. His  book Digest won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.x In 2007, Pardlo's first book Totem received the American Poetry Review/ Honickman Prize.  

Parldo was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1968. He grew up in Willingboro, New Jersey. Gregory Pardlo received his B.A. in English from Rutgers University. In 2001, he earned his M.F.A. from New York University. He was the New York Times Fellow in Poetry. He has received other fellowships. He is a fellow at the New York Foundation for the Arts, the Cave Canem Foundation, the MacDowell Artist's Colony, the Seaside Institute. Also, the Lotos Club Foundation, and City University of New York,. He received a translation grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. He is a Teaching Fellow at Columbia University.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
African American writers
American poets
New York University alumni
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from Philadelphia
Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi (, 11 April 1938 – 21 April 2015) was an Egyptian poet. Before his death, he worked on children's books. His best known work is Death on the Asphalt. He was one of a generation of poets who wrote their work in the Egyptian dialect rather than in normal Arabic, the normal literary language.

Abnudi was born in Qena Governorate. He was married to director Attiyat El Abnoudy. He later married Nehal Kamal. He had two children, Nour and Aya.

Abnudi died from problems caused by brain surgery on 21 April 2015, aged 76.

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
Children's writers
Deaths from surgical complications
Egyptian writers
Egyptian poets
Steven Patrick "Steve" Byrnes (April 14, 1959 – April 21, 2015) was an American television announcer and producer. In 1985, he began his working on auto racing reporting, mostly NASCAR. In 2001, he began working with NASCAR on Fox as a pit reporter, and later became the host of Fox Sports 1's studio show NASCAR Race Hub.

Byrnes was born in Chicago, Illinois and grew up in New Carrolton, Maryland. He was married to Karen Goines from 1993 until his death. They had a son, Bryson.

Byrnes died from head and neck cancer on April 21, 2015 in Fort Mill, South Carolina. He was 56.

References

1959 births
2015 deaths
American journalists
American television producers
Cancer deaths in South Carolina
NASCAR
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Maryland
Midge is a common term for many types of small fly. They are all in a suborder, the Nematocera.

They are found on practically every land area except permanently dry deserts and the frozen zones. Some midges, such as many Phlebotominae (sand fly) and Simuliidae (black fly), are vectors of various diseases. Others are prey items for insectivores, such as various frogs and swallows.

The highland midge of Scotland (Culicoides impunctatus) is present in huge numbers. It is a significant blood-sucking pest. It is found in upland and lowland areas (fens, bogs and marshes) especially in the north west of Scotland from late spring to late summer.

The habits of midges vary greatly from species to species, though within any particular family midges commonly have similar ecological roles. Examples of families which include midges are:
Blephariceridae, net-winged midges
 Cecidomyiidae, gall midges
 Ceratopogonidae, biting midges 
also known as no-see-ums or punkies in North America, and sandflies in Australia.
 Chaoboridae, phantom midges
 Chironomidae, non-biting midges 
also known as muffleheads in the Great Lakes region of North America 
 Deuterophlebiidae, mountain midges
 Dixidae, meniscus midges
 Scatopsidae, dung midges 
 Thaumaleidae, solitary midges

References 

Flies
Ibrahim Yusri (20 April 1950 – 20 April 2015) was an Egyptian actor. He worked on movies, stage, and television. His best known movie was The Terrorist (1994).

Yusri was born in Giza. He graduated from the Higher Institute for Dramatic Arts in 1975.

Yusri died from kidney failure on his 65th birthday in Cairo.

References

Other websites
 

1950 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Egyptian movie actors
Egyptian television actors
Stage actors
Viktor Ahn (; born November 23, 1985), also known as Ahn Hyun-soo () and Victor An, is a Russian short track speed skating athlete born in South Korea.

References

1985 births
Living people
South Korean sportspeople
Russian Olympic bronze medalists
Russian Olympic gold medalists
Speed skaters
A dirndl [ˈdɪʁndl̩] is a type of dress worn by women in Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria and South Tyrol. It is made to look like the traditional clothing that peasants from the Alps used to wear. Originally the term Dirndl meant girl in Bavarian. Now it can mean either the dress or a girl. It was also called a Dirndlgewand. In the 1800s servant girls wore a very similar dress. They were very plain. A heavy, often dark colored dress was worn in winter. It had a long sleeve dirndl blouse and thick apron to go with it. In summer a light version was worn. Summer dresses were worn with a short puffed-sleeve dirndl blouse. Different styles were worn in different regions. The bow on the apron is tied on the left (she is single) or the right side (she is not single).

References

Other websites 
  Oktoberfest Dirndl Dress: The Bow
 How to wear a dirndl

Dresses
Sandra Raluca Izbaşa () (born June 18, 1990) is a Romanian gymnast.  She has won two Olympic gold medals, at the floor event at the 2008 Olympics and at the vault event at the 2012 Olympics.

References

1990 births
Living people
2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
Romanian Olympic gold medalists
Romanian Olympic bronze medalists
Romanian gymnasts
Tatiana Andreyеvna Volosozhar (, ; born 22 May 1986) is a Russian figure skater.

References

Ukrainian sportspeople
1986 births
Living people
Russian Olympic gold medalists
Russian figure skaters
Honoré III, Prince of Monaco (Honoré Camille Léonor; 10 November 1720 – 21 March 1795) was a reigning prince of the small state of Monaco. He succeeded his mother Louise Hippolyte and is to this day still one of the longest reigning European rulers.

Brief biography

The eldest surviving son of Princess Louise Hippolyte of Monaco and her husband Prince Jacques

In May 1732 he moved to Paris to be with his father till he was officially proclaimed the prince of Monaco. Antoine Grimaldi, the Chevalier de Grimaldi, acted as regent for the prince between 1732 and 1784, when Honoré chose to live in Paris. This situation remained the same for half a century until Antoine's death in 1784,

Marriage

On 5 June 1757  he married Maria Caterina Brignole a member of one of the most powerful and wealthy familys in the Republic of Genoa.  The had two sons before divorcing in 1770.

Children
Children

 Prince Honoré IV of Monaco (17 May 1758 – 16 February 1819) married Louise d'Aumont and had children.
 Prince Joseph of Monaco (10 September 1763 – 28 June 1816) married Marie Thérèse de Choiseul and had children.

Titles and styles

20 February 1731 - 17 May 1758 His Serene Highness The Marquis of Baux.
7 November 1733 – 19 January 1793 His Serene Highness The Prince of Monaco, Duke of Valentinois.

Further reading
Edwards, Anne. The Grimaldis of Monaco. William Morrow, 1992.
Maclaga, Michael and Louda, Jiri. LINES OF SUCCESSION; Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe. MacDonald & Co., 1981; Little, Brown & Co., 1999; Time Warner Books, UK, 2002 
 Maurizio Ulino, L'Età Barocca dei Grimaldi di Monaco nel loro Marchesato di Campagna, Giannini editore, Napoli 2008. 

House of Grimaldi
1720 births
1795 deaths
Deaths from smallpox
Dukes and duchesses of France
Princes and princesses of Monaco
, known as Akane (茜) (born July 16, 1986) is a Japanese actress, product designer and talent agent. She is also a singer and dancer in the band AAA: Attack All Around. She was born in Endokawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Uno grew up in there. Her father is a copywriter. She has been active since the 1994.

Career
In 2006 Uno appeared in her first movie, Hollywood's The Grudge 2 as a japanese student.  

In 2008 she played Keiko Endo (遠藤 恵子) in Hitomi (瞳) of the NHK television fiction show.

In 2010 Uno appeared in her second film Rendez-vous (ランデブー！) as the leading character. 

In 2011 her early life was into the english textbooks of japan's Ministry of science. 

In 2012 she played Akane Yabuki (矢吹 茜) in Ume-chan Sensei (梅ちゃん先生) of the NHK television fiction show. 

In 2013 she played Hoshino Tsukiyama (月山 星乃) in Tokyo toy box (東京トイボックス) of the TV Tokyo. Tsukiyama is the heroine.

Works
Works

Music
2005: SLOW DANCE ORIGINAL SOUND TRACK
Groovin' (with Mayu)
Good Time (with Mayu, ECO)
Now Is The Time 
2007: The Grudge 2 ORIGINAL SOUND TRACK 
End of This Way

Films
2006: The grudge2 ... Miyuki Nazawa
2010:  … Meguru Taniyama

Theater
2006:  … Akane Sueyoshi
2007: Super Battle Live Delicious Gakuin Bangaihen ~Delicious 5 Shijō Saidai no Teki~
2008: Love Letters …
2010:  …  
2011: Legend of the Galactic Heroes

TV
2007-2008: On-Time (音時間) … master of ceremonies 
2008:  … Keiko Endo
2010: Massugu na Otoko (まっすぐな男) … Mina Matsushima
2012:  … Akane Yabuki
2013:  … Hoshino Tsukiyama 
2014:  … Hoshino Tsukiyama

Radio
 2006-2007: Uno Misako no English Lyrics Selection (宇野実彩子のイングリッシュ リリックセレクション) 
 2011-2014: AAA Uno Misako's Radio Unoccoli (AAA宇野実彩子のラジオUNOッコリー) (FM Niigata)

Books
2010: UNO
2011: 
2011: 
2012: UNO-BON
2014: UNONU（you know）

References

Other websites
 宇野実彩子 AAAtwitter
 Misako Uno（AAA）Instagram
 PROFILEThe official website AAA (Triple A)
 AAA宇野実彩子のラジオUNOッコリー FM-NIIGATA
Japanese singers
Actors from Tokyo
1986 births
Living people
Jean de La Fontaine (; 8 July 1621 – 13 April 1695) was the first of the French fabulist. He was one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century. He is known for his fables. These provided a model for later fabulists across Europe. They were also an example for numerous alternative versions in France and in French regional languages.

According to Flaubert, he was the only French poet to understand and master the subtleties of the French language before Victor Hugo. A set of postage stamps celebrating La Fontaine and the Fables was issued by France in 1995.

References 

1621 births
1695 deaths
French poets
The Dordogne () is a river in south-central and southwest France. The Dordogne river and its drainage basin was named as a Biosphere Reserve by the UNESCO on 11 July 2012.

Geography
The Dordogne has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 274 cubic metres per second at Bergerac.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Bergerac (1958-2011)

Course

The Dordogne starts on the sides of the Puy de Sancy, Massif Central, in the commune of Mont-Dore, Puy-de-Dôme department, at an elevation of about .

It flows generally west through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region and the Dordogne department before flowing into the Gironde where it joins, in the north of the city of Bordeaux, the Garonne river to form the Gironde estuary, at about  of altitude.
 
The Dordogne flows through 4 regions, 6 departments and 173 communes. The main communes are:
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Puy-de-Dôme: Mont-Dore, La Bourboule, La Bourboule, Avèze, Singles, Larodde, Labessette
 Cantal: Beaulieu, Lanobre, Madic, Saint-Pierre, Champagnac, Veyrières, Arches, Chalvignac
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Corrèze: Bort-les-Orgues, Saint-Julien-près-Bort, Liginiac, Neuvic, Soursac, Argentat, Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne
 Occitanie region
 Lot: Carennac, Bétaille, Vayrac, Martel, Souillac
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Dordogne: Carlux, Domme, La Roque-Gageac, Beynac-et-Cazenac, Saint-Cyprien, Le Buisson-de-Cadouin, Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang, Lalinde, Mouleydier, Creysse, Bergerac, Prigonrieux
 Gironde: Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, Castillon-la-Bataille, Libourne, Fronsac, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, Bourg, Cubzac-les-Ponts

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries (more than 50 km long) of the Dordogne river are:

Left tributaries:
 Rhue - 56.6 km;
 Maronne - 92.6 km;
 Cère - 120.4 km;
 Céou - 55.1 km;
Right tributaries:
 Chavanon - 54.2 km;
 Diège - 54.4 km;
 Triouzoune - 51.3 km;
 Luzège - 64.2 km;
 Doustre - 51.2 km;
 Vézère - 211.2 km;
 Isle - 255.3 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station P5140010 - La Dordogne à Bergerac  
The Dordogne Valley in the Lot department 
The Dordogne Valley UNESCO Biosphere Reserve 

Rivers of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Rivers of Occitanie
The Isle () is a river of south-western France that flows through the Haute-Vienne, Dordogne and Gironde departments, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is a right tributary of the Dordogne river.

Geography
The Isle has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 61.7 cubic metres per second at Coutras.

Course
The Isle starts on the Monts du Limousin, part of the Massif Central, in the commune of Janailhac, Haute-Vienne department, at an elevation of about .

It flows generally southwest through the Haute-Vienne, Dordogne and Gironde departments before flowing into the Dordogne river in Libourne at about  of altitude.
 
The Isle flows through 2 regions, 3 departments and 66 communes. The main communes are:
Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Haute-Vienne: La Meyze
 Dordogne: Jumilhac-le-Grand, Périgueux, Saint-Astier, Neuvic, Mussidan, Montpon-Ménestérol
 Gironde: Coutras, Guîtres, Saint-Denis-de-Pile,Libourne

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries (more than 50 km long) of the Isle river are:
 Left tributaries
 Loue - 50.9 km;
 Auvézère - 112.2 km;
 Right tributaries
 Dronne - 200.6 km;
 Lary - 53.7 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station P9001510 - L'Isle à Coutras  

Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
The National Museum of History of Azerbaijan () is the national museum of history of Azerbaijan. It is the largest museum of Azerbaijan. It is in Baku, in the former mansion of Azerbaijani oil magnate and philanthropist Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev. It was founded in 1920.

References

Other websites

  

Museums in Baku
National museums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baku
1920 establishments in Azerbaijan
In 1993 the women's auxiliary of the Sons of Confederate Veterans changed its name to the Order of the Confederate Rose. This followed a television movie the previous year. A new biography of her was published in 2005.

References 

1810s births
1864 deaths
American Civil War
Richard "Dick" Balharry  (24 May 1937 – 22 April 2015) was a Scottish conservationist, writer, and wildlife photographer. He was known for improving and protecting Scotland's natural landscapes. Just days before his death, he was given an award by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (RSGS).

Balharry was born near Dundee. He died from cancer on 22 April 2015, aged 77.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Scotland
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Dundee
Scottish writers
Roy Mason, Baron Mason of Barnsley, PC (18 April 1924 – 20 April 2015), was a British Labour politician and former Cabinet minister. He was Secretary of State for Defence and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in the late 1970s.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland
People from Barnsley
Jeremiah J. Rodell (September 28, 1921 – April 17, 2015) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force that served as Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force from 1978 to 1980.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
Military people from Minnesota
People from Minneapolis
American generals
Bakhtyar Khudojnazarov () (May 29, 1965 – April 21, 2015) was a Russian movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was known for his comedy movie Luna Papa (1999). He won a Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival for his movie Kosh ba kosh (1993). 

Khudojnazarov died from a short illness in Berlin, Germany, aged 49.

References

Other websites

1965 births
2015 deaths
Russian movie directors
Russian movie producers
Russian screenwriters
Samuel Wilson (September 13, 1766 – July 31, 1854) was a meat-packer from Troy, New York, whose name is likely the source of the personification of the United States known as "Uncle Sam".

References

Other websites

1766 births
1854 deaths
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
People from Troy, New York
Theodosia Salome Okoh (13 June 1922 — 19 April 2015) was a Ghanaian stateswoman, teacher and artist. She was known for designing Ghana's flag in 1957. She also played a leading role in the development of hockey in Ghana.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Ghanaian educators
Artists
Tema is a city on the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic coast of Ghana. It is located  east of the capital city; Accra. As of 2013, the population was 161,612.

Cities in Ghana
Santa Rosa is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, California, United States. At the 2020 census its population was 178,127. In the beginning of October, 2017, a firestorm burnt 5% of the homes in the city, killing atleast 19 people.

References

Other websites
 

Settlements in Sonoma County, California 
Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
County seats in California
The two groups have lived together peacefully for centuries. Shia and Sunni have not only lived together they have intermarried in many cases. But modern politics and recent events have sparked new fighting between the two groups. Modern Anti-Shi'ism violence is just a part of the overall conflict. It is one result of the collapse of authoritarian rule in the region.

References 

 
Discrimination
Religious violence
A controlled burn (sometimes also called a prescribed fire) is a fire that is started on purpose, and kept under control.  It is done by people who are trained in controlling a fire, with the right equipment and the right weather conditions.  It is done to help the environment or to make an area safer for people.

This is not the same as a practice fire, where a firefighter crew might start a fire in a house or other building that is going to be destroyed.  They use it for practice, to learn how to enter a burning house safely and how to put out a house fire.  Controlled burns, on the other hand, are done outdoors in forests or prairies.

Reasons
Reasons

There are several reasons why a controlled burn may take place.  In some areas, there may be too much dry wood and dead plants.  If a fire started there that was not controlled (like arson, an accident, or a lightning strike), that fire could become dangerous.  So by having trained people there, and burning it carefully, then the fire won't be as hot and won't get out of control.

Another reason is to help nature.  Some plants need fire so their seeds can start to grow, some animals prefer to live in places that have been recently burned, and sometimes it helps to get rid of weeds.  Also, the ash on the ground is a quick fertilizer and helps return nutrients to the soil.

Sometimes it is done to help people.  It can clear an area of brush and make it easier to see and move around.  Hunter-gatherer people would do this to chase game into an area where they can kill the animal for food.  This is becoming rare.

Methods
Methods

From the fire triangle, it is known that a fire needs fuel, oxygen and heat.  To control a fire, removing one of these three things will cause the fire to go out.  To keep the fire in the area it is supposed to be in, the fire can be smothered, removing oxygen.  Or it can be sprayed with water, removing the heat.  And the fire finishes when there is no more fuel.

Generally, the back fire is started first.  This is the fire that burns into the wind, and moves slowly.  This is a smaller, safer fire, and is easier to control.  It can be started next to a trail or stream or other fire break that keeps the fire from moving downwind.

After the back fire is in place, then the head fire is started.  It will burn downwind (travels with the wind).  This will burn faster and hotter.  When it reaches the back fire, there is no more fuel for the fire, and it dies out.

Equipment
Equipment

The list can depend on the group doing the burn, but often includes:
 drip torch - this starts the fire by dripping fire onto the grass as the person walks along
 water sprayer - usually worn as a backpack, water can be sprayed onto the fire to keep it in the area it should be in
 flapper - a wide piece of rubber on a handle, this can be flapped onto the fire, putting it out
 shovel - this can be used to dig up dirt and create a fire break that will not burn

Related pages 
 Wildfire

References

Agriculture
Air pollution
Firefighting
Grasslands
Conservation
Gennadi Aronovich Vengerov (; 27 August 1959 – 22 April 2015) was a Belarusian-born Russian-German actor and voice artist. He began acting in 1978 on stage, and later in 1987 on television and movies. He had over 150 credits to his name. He was also the Russian voice of the title character of EVE Online and appeared in the movie Enemy at the Gates (2001). In 1990, he moved to German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and worked as a Deutsche Welle radio announcer.

Vengerov was born in Vitebsk. He served in the Soviet Army until 1983 when he moved to Moscow.

Vengerov died from lung and bone cancer on 22 April 2015 in Düsseldorf. He was 55.

References

Other websites
 

1959 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Moscow
Belarusian people
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from bone cancer
Deaths from lung cancer
German movie actors
German stage actors
German television actors
German voice actors
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Soviet movie actors
Soviet television actors
Fastlane (2015) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on February 22, 2015 at FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee. It was the first Fastlane event held by the WWE.

The main event saw Roman Reigns defeat Daniel Bryan to keep his spot in the WWE World Heavyweight Championship main event match against Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania 31.

Matches

1Cena passed out in Rusev's finisher, The Accolade and the match's outcome was announced as a submission victory for Rusev.

References

Other websites
Official Fastlane website

2015 in professional wrestling
History of Memphis, Tennessee
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2010s in Tennessee
2015 in the United States
February 2015 events
Smith v. Allwright  (1944), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. The decision made it unconstitutional to keep African Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. By extension it covered white primaries in all states. It overturned Grovey v. Townsend (1935) which had allowed the Democratic party to hold all-white primaries that excluded black voters.
The Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution gave African Americans freedom from slavery, citizenship and the right to vote. But many former slave states came up with ways to keep blacks from voting. These included poll taxes, literacy tests and complex voter registration laws. While these worked in most southern states, it did not work in Texas. The party needed the Hispanic vote but wanted to exclude blacks. They needed also to split the black and hispanic vote. Texas, like most southern states, was a one-party state. The Democratic party controlled politics. The state and local primary elections decided which candidate would ultimately win office in the general election. Democrats in Texas used the "white primary" to serve their purposes. It prohibited non-whites from joining the Democratic party and taking part in primary elections. It could be used also to exclude Mexican Americans in areas of the state where the party did not need them
. The Reconstruction Amendments applied to the state. But in Grovey v. Townsend the state of Texas was allowed to pass on its responsibility for protecting black voter rights to a private organization—the Democratic party. This allowed Texas to use the all-white primary.
The case 
In another decision, Grovey v. Townsend (1935), the Supreme Court decided that the Democratic Party was a private organization. Their state convention could decide who can be a member. Lonnie E. Smith, a Houston dentist, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) decided to fight this decision. 

In Smith v. Allwright (1944), the court overturned the Grovey ruling. A majority of the justices decided that the Democratic party was more than a private organization. It was a part of the election process in Texas. For this reason the court said that it was  unconstitutional to stop African Americans from voting in the Democratic primary.

References

Other websites 
 Smith v. Allwright - Impact
 Smith v. Allwright, The Oyez Project

United States Supreme Court cases
Peng Hsin-yi (; 4 December 1990 – 21 April 2015), better known by her stage name Cindy Yang (Chinese: 楊又穎), was a Taiwanese actress and model. She was known for her appearances on 100% Entertainment and the movie First of May (2015).

Yang was born in Taichung. She was the daughter of politician Peng Tso-kwei. She committed suicide by helium inhalation on 21 April 2015, aged 24. Her funeral was held on 24 April.

References

1990 births
2015 deaths
Actors who committed suicide
Models who committed suicide
Movie actors
Taiwanese actors
Ali Abu Mukhammad (), also known as Ali Abu Muhammad al-Dagestani, born Aliaskhab Alibulatovich Kebekov (), was a Dagestani militant Islamist in Russia and the leader of the Caucasus Emirate following the death of inaugural leader Dokka Umarov. The United States Department of State added Kebekov to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists on March 25, 2015. 

On 19 April 2015, Ali Abu Mukhammad was killed by Russian security forces during special operations near Buynaksk.

References

1972 births
2015 deaths
Russian military people
Heads of state
Muslim terrorists
Sixto Valencia Burgos (March 28, 1934 – April 23, 2015) was a Mexican cartoon artist. He was born and died in Mexico City. He was best known for drawing famed Mexican cartoon character Memín Pinguín. He also worked as a cartoonist for MAD magazine.

Other websites
Bio from amiens.com 
Cartoonist defends stereotyped image on new Mexican stamps

1934 births
2015 deaths
Mexican cartoonists
Artists from Mexico City
Meyer (Mike) Howard Abrams (July 23, 1912 – April 21, 2015), usually cited as M. H. Abrams, was an American literary critic. He was known for works on Romanticism, in particular his book The Mirror and the Lamp. 

Abrams died in Ithaca, New York, aged 102.

References

Other websites

1912 births
2015 deaths
American centenarians
American literary critics
Educators from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from New York (state)
Long Branch is a city in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 30,719.

References

Cities in New Jersey
Monmouth County, New Jersey
Aziz Aslimanesh (‎; 9 April 1938 – 23 April 2015), better known as Aziz Asli, was an Iranian football goalkeeper, manager, painter, and actor. He played for teams such as Persepolis F.C. and his country from the late 1940s until the early 1970s. He managed Zob Ahan Isfahan F.C. for a short time. He also acted in movies before the Islamic Revolution.

Asli was born in Tabriz. He was of Azerbaijani ancestry. He died on 23 April 2015 in Munich, Germany, aged 77.

References

Other websites
 
 Team Melli stats

1938 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Germany
Football managers
Iranian actors
Iranian association football goalkeepers
Movie actors
The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is a species of locust. Plagues of desert locusts threaten agricultural production in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. They have done so for centuries. The livelihood of one-tenth of the world’s human population may be affected by this voracious insect. The destructive swarms of locusts do not form every year, but only when conditions are right for them.

The desert locust is potentially the most dangerous of the locust pests because of the ability of swarms to fly rapidly across great distances. It has two to five generations per year. The last major desert locust upsurge in 2004–05 caused crop loss in West Africa and reduced food supply in the area. The desert locust alone is not responsible for famines, but it is a contributing factor.

Development
Development 

The insect does not have complete metamorphosis. Its larvae develop in stages called "instars". As the larvae get closer to adulthood, they are called "nymphs" or "hoppers". There are two kinds of hopper: solitary and gregarious.

In the solitary phase the hoppers do not group together but move about independently. Their colouring in the later instars tends to be greenish or brownish to match the colour of the herbage. 

In the gregarious phase the hoppers bunch together and in the later instars develop a bold colouring with black markings on a yellow background. The immatures are pink and the mature adults are bright yellow and fly during the day in dense swarms. 

The change from a solitary insect to a voracious locust pack usually follows a period of drought, when rain falls at last, and vegetation flushes in desert locust breeding places. The population builds up rapidly and the competition for food increases.
As hoppers get more crowded, the close physical contact causes the insects' hind legs to bump against one another. This stimulus triggers a cascade of metabolic changes which move the insects from the solitary to the gregarious phase. When the hoppers become gregarious, their colouration changes from largely green to yellow and black, and the adults change from brown to pink (immature) or yellow (mature). Their bodies become shorter, and they give off a pheromone that causes them to be attracted to each other. This causes swarm formation.

References 

Orthoptera
Pierre Claude Nolin (October 30, 1950 – April 23, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was the Speaker of the Senate from November 27, 2014 until his death. He was also Senator for De Salaberry, Quebec from June 18, 1993. He was a member of Conservative Party of Canada.

Nolin was born in Montreal, Quebec. He studied at the University of Ottawa. He married Camille Desjardins in 1976. They had three children.

Nolin died from cancer on April 23, 2015 in Ottawa, Ontario. He was 64.

References

1950 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Politicians from Montreal
Razan Zaitouneh or Zeitunah () is a Syrian human rights lawyer and activist. She was born 29 April 1977. In March 2013, Zeitouneh received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.  In December 2013, Zeitouneh disappeared in Syria.

Early life  

Zaitouneh was part of the Syrian uprising.  She documented human rights in Syria for the Local Coordination Committees of Syria.  After the government accused her of being a foreign agent she went into hiding and her husband was arrested.

Education and career 
Zaitouneh finished law school in 1999.  In 2001 started her work as lawyer, and she became a member of the team of lawyers for defense of political prisoners. In the same year, she was one of the founders of the Human Rights Association in Syria (HRAS). In 2005, Zaitouneh started SHRIL (the Syrian Human Rights Information Link), to report about human rights problems in Syria. In 2005, Zaitouneh became a member of the Committee to Support Families of Political Prisoners in Syria.
Recognitions 
On 27 October 2011, Zaitouneh received the 2011 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, together with four other Arabs.  In 2011, she also received the Anna Politkovskaya Award. In 2013, Zaitouneh received the International Women of Courage Award.

In December 2013, pro-opposition websites said that Zaitouneh was kidnapped along with her husband, Wael Hamadeh, and two colleagues, Samira Khalil and Nazem Hammadi, in the opposition-held town of Douma to the north of Damascus. As of 4 February 2014, their location was still unknown.  The identity of the kidnappers was not certain, although they were suspected to be from the Islamist rebel group the Army of Islam.

Awards 
 European Parliament’s Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, 2011.
 The 2011 Anna Politkovskaya Award.
 The Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought for the year 2012 in Berlin.
 International Women of Courage Award 2013

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 
 Profile at Huffington Post
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

1977 births
Syrian activists
Human rights activists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Missing people
Syrian lawyers
Gideon (Gidi) Eilat (17 January 1924 - 21 April 2015) was a German-born Israeli military person. He was a former member of the Palmach. He was the commander of the third battalion of the Yiftach Brigade during the War of Independence. His highest rank was that of lieutenant colonel (sgan aluf).

He was active in the Kibbutz Artzi movement. Eilat was one of the founders of the Civil Guard of the Israel Police Department. He was also a member of Kibbutz Beit Alfa.

Eilat was born in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He was raised in Tel Aviv, Israel. Eilat died at a hospital in Beit Alfa, Israel at the age of 91.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Israeli colonels
German Jews
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Kaliningrad
Military people from Tel Aviv
Alpine is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Brewster County. About 6,054 people lived there in 2013.

Alpine was first named Osborn for the part of the railroad that it was near.  From 1883 to 1888, Alpine was named Murphyville, for the owners of the land where the spring was that the railroad used to get water for its steam locomotives.

Sul Ross State University opened in Alpine in Summer of 1920.  Big Bend National Park was started near Alpine on June 12, 1944.  Both of these things forced people to move to Alpine.

References 

County seats in Texas
Cities in Texas