Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
At first photographers used glass plates they had to coat with an emulsion. But they had to be used within minutes of being coated. They also had to be processed into a picture right away. In 1878, Eastman successfully created dry plates that could be coated with a gelatin solution. These could be used at the photographer's convenience. They did not require all the heavy equipment wet plates did. Eastman decided to go into business selling them. He invented a machine to mass-produce dry plates. In 1888, the company sold the first Kodak box cameras. The slogan was "you press the button, we do the rest".  For $24 USD the camera came already loaded with film capable of taking 100 pictures. The camera was sent back to the factory where for $10 the film was developed into pictures. These cameras first used paper film but later turned to Nitrocellulose film. An indexing roller to hold film was invented by David Houston
. It had square holes in the edge of the film to advance the film with no waste or Multiple exposures. But Eastman did not want to pay to license his patent. So they bought his patent in 1899. Kodak kept making dry plates until that market dried up. Their main profit was in film and film developing papers and chemicals. They made film for the movie industry, 16mm film for hobby filmmaking and cameras of all kinds. In the mid- 1920s they came out with color film. In 1929 Kodak created motion picture film for adding sound to motion pictures.
Problems 

In 1947 Edwin H. Land invented the Polaroid instant camera. The camera could develop its own pictures inside the camera in 60 seconds. Within five years Polaroid sold over a million cameras. Kodak took notice. Since Kodak held 80% of the market for photographic development, instant cameras were a real threat. Kodak quickly came out with their own instant camera. Land sued Kodak for $12 billion for using its technology. In 1990 Land won and Kodak quit making instant cameras. But they won only a fraction of what they said Kodak's action had cost them, and Land went out of business in 2001.
Fujifilm, the Japanese photography company, began selling inexpensive film in the United States in the 1980s. Since their film cost much less than Kodak's, by 1999 they had a large share of the film market. Kodak lost millions of dollars and had many layoffs. When Digital cameras became popular, Kodak quickly joined that market. By 1999 they were the second largest maker of digital cameras. But they lost $60 on each one they sold.

Kodak made so many marketing mistakes that its stock dropped from $76 a share in 1999 to $25 in 2004. They dropped out of the film manufacturing business. Finally Kodak was dropped from the Dow Jones Industrial Average. In 2012 the 131-year-company filed for bankruptcy. After selling off many of its products to other companies, Kodak came out of bankruptcy a much smaller company.

References 

Photography
Rochester, New York
Delminium  was an ancient Illyrian city. It was the capital of the Dalmatae which was in today's Tomislavgrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina. People lived in The area of Tomislavgrad even before the Illyrians arrived. This is shown by a few polished stone axes from the Neolithic (4000 BC – 2400 BC) period.

References 

History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Dalmatae or Delmatae were an Illyrian tribe. They lived in what is today Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their capital was Delminium. The Dalmatae were conquered by the Roman Republic in 33 BC.

References 

Ancient people
John J. "Jack" Kraft (c. 1921 – August 28, 2014) was an American basketball coach. He coached Villanova for 12 years, from 1961 through 1973. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Kraft died on August 28, 2014 at the age of 93 in New Jersey.

References

1921 births
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Alicia Alonso (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad Martínez Hoya; 21 December 1921 – 17 October 2019) was a Cuban ballerina and choreographer. She was known for her portrayals of Giselle and the ballet version of Carmen. 

Alonso died in Havana on 17 October 2019 at the age of 98.

References

Other websites
Alicia Alonso profile, UNESCO.org; accessed 5 May 2014.

1921 births
2019 deaths
Cuban entertainers
Ballerinas
Choreographers
People from Havana
Ignacio López Tarso (born Ignacio López López, 15 January 1925 – 11 March 2023) was Mexican actor of stage, movie and television. He acted in about 50 movies and appeared in documentaries and in one short feature. He was known for his title role in the 1960 movie Macario. Tarso was born in Mexico City, Mexico.

Life 
In 1973 he was given the Ariel Award for Best Actor for Rosa Blanca, and the Ariel de Oro lifetime achievement award in 2007.

On 22 May 2016, Tarso underwent surgery to treat a growing tumor in his large intestine and polyps in his small intestine. Tarso was later placed under intensive care unit. He died from pneumonia caused by bowel obstruction on 11 March 2023.

References

Other websites
 

1925 births
2023 deaths
Deaths from bowel obstruction
Deaths from pneumonia
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Actors from Mexico City
Oakes is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,856 at the 2010 census. Oakes was founded in 1886.

References

Cities in North Dakota
1886 establishments in Dakota Territory
Björn Waldegård (12 November 1943 - 29 August 2014) was a Swedish rally driver who won the inaugural World Rally Championship for drivers in 1979. His Swedish nickname was "Walle".

Waldegård died in Stockholm, Sweden from cancer, aged 70.

References

1943 births
2014 deaths
Swedish racecar drivers
John Anthony Walker Jr. (July 28, 1937 – August 28, 2014) was an American criminal and spy. He served as a United States Navy Chief Warrant Officer and communications specialist. He was convicted of spying on the United States working for the Soviet Union from 1968 to 1985.

After Walker's arrest, Caspar Weinberger, President Ronald Reagan's Secretary of Defense, concluded that the Soviet Union made significant gains in naval warfare attributable to Walker's spying.

Walker died August 28, 2014, while still in prison. He would have been eligible for parole in 2015.

References
References

Further reading
 John Barron; Breaking the Ring: The Bizarre Case of the Walker Family Spy Ring; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987, 
 Howard Blum; I Pledge Allegiance: The True Story of the Walkers: an American Spy Family; Simon & Schuster Books, 1987, 
 Kneece, Jack; Family Treason: The Walker Spy Case; Paperjacks, 1988, 
 Robert W. Hunter; Spy Hunter: Inside the FBI Investigation of the Walker Espionage Case; Naval Institute Press, 1999, 
 Pete Earley; Family of Spies: Inside the John Walker Spy Ring; Bantam Books, 1989, 
 "The Navy's Biggest Betrayal", Naval History Magazine
 Walker, John Anthony; My Life As a Spy; Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2008, 
 Walker, Laura; Daughter of Deceit:  The Human Drama Behind the Walker Spy Case; W Pub Group, 1988, 

1937 births
2014 deaths
Military people from Washington, D.C.
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People who died in prison custody in the United States
American spies for the Soviet Union
Double Impact is a 1991 crime drama and action-adventure movie. It is about twin brothers involved with crime and secrets. Jean-Claude Van Damme plays the brothers Chad and Alex. 

The movie received negative reviews from the movie critics. Despite that, the movie was #2 at the box office. Double Impact was released on August 9, 1991.

Other websites 

1991 action movies
1991 crime movies
1991 movies
Movies set in Hong Kong
Movies set in Los Angeles
Doc Hollywood is a 1991 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about life experiences. Michael J. Fox plays Doctor Benjamin Stone. Woody Harrelson plays Hank Gordon. Bridget Fonda plays Nancy Lee.

Doc Hollywood was released on August 2, 1991. The reviews of the movie were positive.

Other websites 

 
 

1991 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Michael Caton-Jones
Movies set in South Carolina
Warner Bros. movies
Glenn Douglas Barnard Cornick (23 May 1947 – 28 August 2014) was a British musician. He was the first bass guitar player in the progressive rock band, Jethro Tull. He was born in Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire (now part of Cumbria).

Cornick died in Hilo, Hawaii, United States, on 29 August 2014 due to congestive heart failure, aged 67.

References

Other websites
Glenn Cornick official website

1947 births
2014 deaths
Bass guitarists
British rock guitarists
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Musicians from Lancashire
Robert Nelson "Bob" Wareing, commonly known as Bob Wareing (20 August 1930 - 29 August 2014) was a British politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool West Derby from 1983 to 2010. Until November 2007, he was a Labour MP, but resigned in May 2010.

Wareing died in Liverpool, Merseyside, England, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
English politicians
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Edward Warren Miney (September 7, 1926 – August 23, 2006) and Lorraine Rita Warren (née Moran; January 31, 1927 – April 18, 2019) were American paranormal investigators and authors. They are associated with famous cases of haunting. 

Edward was a World War II United States Navy veteran and former police officer. He became a self-taught, self-proclaimed expert demonologist, author, and lecturer. His wife Lorraine was a professed clairvoyant and a light trance medium who worked closely with her husband.

Their cases have even become blockbuster movies such as The Amityville Horror, The Haunting in Connecticut, The Conjuring, The Conjuring 2 and The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It.

Both Ed and Lorraine Warren were born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Ed Warren died in Monroe, Connecticut at the age of 79. Lorraine Warren died on April 19, 2019, at the age of 92.

References

Warren, Ed
Warren, Ed
Warren, Lorraine
Warren, Lorraine
Writers from Connecticut
Lars Erik "Brasse" Brännström (27 February 1945 – 29 August 2014) was a Swedish actor. He started acting in 1972. He won two Guldmasken Awards. He appeared in the 2005 Finnish-Swedish movie Mother of Mine (, ). One of his last movie roles was in Bäst före (2013).

Brännström was born in Stockholm. He attended Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm.

Brännström died on 29 August 2014 in Stockholm, aged 69.

References

Other websites

 
 Brasse Brännström at The Swedish Film Database

1945 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Sweden
Actors from Stockholm
Swedish movie actors
Swedish stage actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish voice actors
Patrick Joseph Wilson (born July 3, 1973) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his roles in The Alamo, The Phantom of the Opera, Little Children, Watchmen, The A-Team, The Ledge, Insidious, and as Ed Warren in The Conjuring, The Conjuring 2 and The Conjuring 3.

Wilson appeared in a voice cameo appearance as the President of the United States in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and appeared as Ocean Master in Aquaman (2018).

References

Other websites

 
 

1973 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Virginia
Singers from Virginia
People from Norfolk, Virginia
Steven Tyler (born Steven Victor Tallarico; March 26, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and former television music competition judge. He is best known as for being the frontman of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith.

Related pages
American people of Ukrainian descent

References

Other websites

1948 births
Living people
Aerosmith members
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
People from Yonkers, New York
Edie McClurg (born July 23, 1951) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, singer, voice artist, and comedienne. She is known for her roles in Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Planes, Trains and Automobiles, Carrie, and Frozen.

References

Other websites
 

1951 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
In computing, off-site data protection, or vaulting, is the strategy of sending critical data off the main site. The place where the data is stored is often called the data vault.

In many organisations, there is some data which is so important that it must be protected. Protection against hacking can be done by means of software, but protection against physical damage is a different problem.  The solution is to put the data in more than one place, so a major disaster, (such as fire or explosions) does not prevent the recovery of the computer system with all its most important data.

Data is usually taken off-site using media such as magnetic tape or optical storage. Data can also be sent electronically to a remote backup service, which is called electronic vaulting or e-vaulting.
Sending backups off-site makes sure systems and servers can be reloaded with the latest data in the event of a disaster, accidental error, or system crash. Sending backups off-site also ensures there is a copy of data that is not stored on-site. Off-site backup services are convenient for companies that backup data on a daily basis (classified and unclassified).

Although some organizations manage and store their own off-site backups, many choose to have their backups managed and stored by others who specialize in the protection of off-site data.

References 

Nicol, Gerard 2006. Protecting data off-site. 

Computing
An integrated development environment, or IDE, is a computer program that makes it easier to write other computer programs. They are used by computer programmers to edit source code, and can be easier to use than other text editors for new programmers. They can have compilers so programmers don't have to open other programs to compile the source code. They also often have syntax highlighting. A feature of an IDE is to check the syntax, and libraries can be added to increase functionality. It also may have predictive coding that can finish lines with syntax such as brackets or semicolons and can suggest variables to be used. It also may have debuggers that can step through lines, take breaks and inspect variables.

An IDE often comes with an interpreter and a compiler. Certain IDEs can allow multi-language which means that functions can be written in different languages.

Software
Syntax highlighting is where a text editor, integrated development environment or other computer program shows different parts of some source code in different colours. This makes it easier for computer programmers to read the source code and understand what it does. It can be done in different colors, and different programming languages have different rules about what parts of the source code need to be different colors.

Example 

This is an example comparing some C code without syntax highlighting and with syntax highlighting:

Software
Victor John Stenger (January 29, 1935 – August 27, 2014) was an American particle physicist, educator, philosopher, writer, and religious skeptic. He worked with New Atheism and he also wrote popular science books. He wrote books about physics, quantum mechanics, cosmology, philosophy, religion, atheism, and pseudoscience. He wrote The New York Times bestseller God: The Failed Hypothesis, published in 2007. His final book was called God and the Atom: From Democritus to the Higgs Boson, published in 2013. He was also a science columnist for The Huffington Post. He worked at universities such as the University of Hawaii and the University of Colorado Boulder.

Stenger was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. His father was an immigrant from Lithuania. His mother's parents were immigrants from Hungary. He married Phylliss in 1962. They had two children.

Stenger died from an aortic aneurysm on August 27, 2014 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was 79.

References

Other websites

 Victor J. Stenger at The Huffington Post
1935 births
2014 deaths
American activists
American atheists
Educators from New Jersey
American philosophers
American physicists
Academics from Colorado
American science writers
Scientists from New Jersey
People from Bayonne, New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Academics from Hawaii
Shogun was the fourth studio album by the heavy metal band Trivium. The album released on September 23 2008 through Roadrunner Records. Work on the album started in October 2007, when the band wanted to try new things with their music.

Reviews
The album got very good reviews from many different websites. About.com gave the album four stars saying that "Shogun won't silence Trivium's legions of critics, but I think most fans will like the harsh vocals along with the great riffs and memorable melodies."  Allmusic's Eduardo Rivadavia said Shogun was "Trivium's most challenging and ambitious album yet."  IGN's Ed Thompson said that the "band have done what absolutely needed to be done." Thompson said it was Trivium's best album to date.

Track listing

Singles
 "Kirisute Gomen" - Released August 11 2008  
 "Into the Mouth of Hell We March" - Released September 21, 2008 
 "Down from the Sky" - Released March 1, 2009  
 "Throes of Perdition" - Released May 27, 2009

Album

References
Album

References

Heavy metal albums
2008 albums
Roadrunner Records albums
David Bala (1947 – 29 August 2014) was a Singaporean comedian and actor. He was best known for his roles in Tetangga, Just Follow Law, Ah Long Pte Ltd and The Ghosts Must Be Crazy.

Career and life 
Since January 2014, David also worked as a security officer at Republic Polytechnic. Bala had 4 children. He died from heart disease, on 29 August, 2014.

In 1976 David started his career as a stage actor. His broadcast debut was in 1979 on Radio Television Singapore's "Kaatchiyum Kaanamum". In 2007, David was cast as one of the actors in Jack Neo's film, Just Follow Law.

References

1947 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from heart disease
Singaporean actors
Movie actors
Comedians
Bipan Chandra (1928-30 August 2014) was an Indian historian. He wrote about economic and political history of modern India. He specialized on the national movement and is considered to be one India's greatest scholars on Mahatma Gandhi. He wrote several books, including The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism.

Chandra died on the morning of 30 August 2014, at his home in Gurgaon, after a long-illness, aged 86.

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
Indian writers
Indian historians
Indian educators
In mathematics, a graph is used to show how things are connected. The mathematical study on graph is called graph theory. The things being connected are called vertices, and the connections among them are called edges. If vertices are connected by an edge, they are called adjacent. The degree of a vertex is the number of edges that connect to it. A graph's size is the number of edges in total. The number of vertices, written as , is called the order of a graph. 

Edges may have weights, which show the costs associated with using each edge. In a graph of cities on a map, the cost may be the distance between two cities, or the amount of time it takes to travel between the two.
Directed graphs go in one direction, like water flowing through a bunch of pipes. Undirected graphs don't have a direction, like a mutual friendship. A graph where there is more than one edge between two vertices is called multigraph. One where there is at most one edge is called a simple graph. A simple graph, where every vertex is directly connected to every other is called complete graph. A loop is an edge that connects to its own vertex. Loops are only allowed in multigraphs.

A sequence of edges is called a path. A path which starts and ends at the same edge is called a cycle.

References
Jacques Friedel  (11 February 1921 – 27 August 2014) was a French physicist, educator and material scientist. He was the President of the French Academy of Sciences from 1992 until 1994. He worked at many universities in France. He also wrote more than 200 journal articles.

Friedel was born in Paris. He came from a family of academics. He studied at École Polytechnique from 1944 until 1946.

Friedel died on 27 August 2014 in Paris of pneumonia, aged 93.

References

Other websites

 Jacques Friedel at CaltechAUTHORS

1921 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Academics of Paris universities
French physicists
Scientists from Paris
Tabby cat, also known as grey tiger, or simply tabby is the name for domestic cats with fur coats of stripes, dots, lines or swirling patterns. These cats often have a mark that looks like the letter "M" on their foreheads. Tabbies are not a cat breed. Tabby cats are very common. About two-thirds of the world's cat population are tabbies.

The tabby pattern is in many pure breeds of cats, as well as in mixed breeds. The tabby pattern happens naturally because of cats' closest ancestor, the African Wildcat. It has the same colors and patterns.

Tabby patterns 

There are four tabby patterns that are genetically different: mackerel, classic, spotted, and ticked.

There is also a fifth pattern that includes tabby as part of another basic color pattern.  The "patched" tabby is a calico or tortoiseshell cat with tabby patches (also known as "caliby" and "torbie").
Mackerel tabby: 
Mackerel is the original pattern and is by far the most common tabby pattern. The legs and tail have dark bars as do the cat's cheeks. A "mackerel tabby" has narrow stripes that run in parallel down its sides. This is what some people refer to as a "tiger."  An "M" shape appears on the forehead along with dark lines across the cat's cheeks to the corners of its eyes. Mackerels are also called 'Fishbone tabbies' probably because of the mackerel fish. A mackerel tabby pattern is the only striped coat pattern seen in domestic cats.
Classic tabby:
The classic tabby cat (also known as "blotched" or "marbled") has a pattern usually in the colors of dark brown, ochre, and black; but sometimes grey.  Classic tabbies have the "M" pattern on their foreheads too. The body is marked with a whirled or swirled pattern (often called a "bullseye") on the cat's sides.  There is also a light colored "butterfly" pattern on the shoulders and three thin stripes (the center stripe is dark) running along its spine. Classic tabbies have dark stripes on their legs, tail, and cheeks. Classic tabby is a recessive trait, so these cats are not as common as mackerel tabbies.

 Ticked tabby: 
A ticked tabby pattern makes a grizzly color of fur of dark and light bands or bars. These break up the tabby pattern into a "salt-and-pepper" look. Some stripes or bars can often be seen on the lower legs, face and belly and sometimes at the end of the cat's tail.
Spotted tabby: 
The spotted tabby has a gene that breaks up the mackerel tabby pattern so that the stripes appear as spots.  Sometimes, the stripes of a classic tabby's pattern may be broken into larger spots. Both large spot and small spot patterns can be seen in the Australian Mist, Bengal, Egyptian Mau, Maine Coon, and Ocicat breeds.

Colors 
Tabbies may be brown, grey, orange, or calico, including dilute versions of these colors. The most common tabby color is brown. All orange cats are tabbies, and the orange portion of calico cats will always show tabby patterns. Since the orange gene is on the X chromosome, about 80% of orange tabby cats are male, and nearly all calico cats are female. Colorpoint cats (Siamese, Himalayan, etc) that are tabbies are referred to as lynx point. As with solid-color cats, tabbies may also be partly white, such as tuxedo or van patterns. The tabby pattern is not visible at all in the white portion.
History 
The mackerel tabby pattern was the first tabby pattern in domestic cats. It is believed to have come from the African Wildcat and the European Wildcat. Both of these wild cats have a pale, striped tabby pattern. But when those breeds mixed, it made a more distinct mackerel tabby coat.  At first, the mackerel tabby was common in all domestic cats. But later, other tabby patterns happened because of mutations and selective breeding of the mackerel tabby. All domestic cats have the tabby gene. But the genes of some cat breeds hide the tabby appearance.

Related pages 
 Brindle

References

Other websites 
 
 Cat Coats and Genes: Closer to the origin of Tabby cats' stripes

Cats
Superman: Escape from Krypton (used to be known as Superman: The Escape) is a steel roller coaster built by Intamin at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, United States. When it opened in 1997, it was the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world. It is similar to a roller coaster called Tower of Terror II at Dreamworld in Australia. The ride closed in 2010 so that it could be changed from "Superman: The Escape" to "Superman: Escape from Krypton". The new ride opened in 2011, with new trains that face backwards and with new colors.
 The ride is 28 seconds long. For about 7 seconds during the ride, the rider is weightless (also called zero gravity).

References

Other websites 

Superman: Escape from Krypton official website 
 
Superman: Escape from Krypton Photos and Review at Ultimate Rollercoaster.com
Superman: Escape from Krypton Information 

Roller coasters by name
Roller coasters in California
1997 establishments in California
Doug is an animated television program. The program was created by Jim Jinkins. It was produced by Nelvana. The program is about the early adolescent life of its title character, Douglas "Doug" Funnie.  Doug, was 11-12 years old in the first 4 seasons of the series. He was 13 years old in seasons 5 to 7.

Doug was broadcast on Nickelodeon in from 1991 until 1994. The series was on ABC (Disney)  from 1996 until 1999.

Characters 

 Douglas Yancey "Doug" Funnie was voiced by Billy West in the Nickelodeon series and Tom McHugh in the Disney series.  Doug is a shy 11 (later 12)-year-old boy. Most of the time, he is dealing with his fear of failure. He is good at writing, drawing, making music and caring for animals. Doug narrates every episode. He also writes his experiences in his journal. He has an alter ego, Quailman. Quailman was inspired by Jinkins's childhood home movies in which they posed as superheroes.

References
References 

Nickelodeon television series
1990s American animated television series
1990s children's television series
1991 American television series debuts
1994 American television series endings
1996 American television series debuts
1999 American television series endings
English-language television programs
George Galloway (born 16 August 1954) is a British politician. He is a former member of the Labour Party, but left in October 2003; later he was in the Respect Party, until this group was wound up in 2016.

Early life
Galloway was born and raised in Dundee, Scotland. He joined the Labour Party Young Socialists when he was 13 years old.

Career
In 1983 Galloway became General Secretary of the London charity War on Want. Galloway was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Hillhead from 1987-1997 and Glasgow Kelvin from 1997-2005. In 1998, he started a political campaign called the Mariam Appeal. Galloway became the Vice-President of the Stop the War Coalition in 2001. Galloway was thrown out of   the Labour Party in 2003 because of some of his actions. From 2004 to 2016, he was a leading figure in Respect. He was MP for Bethnal Green and Bow from 2005-2010. From 29 March 2012 to 8 May 2015 he was the Respect Party MP for Bradford West.

Galloway was a housemate in the 2006 series of Celebrity Big Brother.
Galloway stood in the 2016 London Mayoral election, but came seventh in the vote.

Personal life
In 1979, he married Elaine Fyffe; their daughter was born in 1983. The couple divorced in 1999. In 2000, he married Amineh Abu-Zayyad; she divorced him in 2009 for his unreasonable behaviour. He married Rima Husseini in 2007; their sons were born in 2007 and 2011. He married Putri Gayatri Pertiwi in 2012. Their son was born in 2014.

References

Other websites 

1954 births
Living people
British crime victims
British radio personalities
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Dundee

UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
The First Minister of Wales () is the leader of the Welsh Government. Wales' government is devolved, meaning it can make decisions on certain laws in Wales (any other laws are decided by the UK Government in Westminster). It was established in 1999.

The First Minister has several responsibilities:
 Managing the Cabinet of the Welsh Government
 Creating and co-ordinating government policy
 Wales' relationship with the rest of the United Kingdom, and other countries
 Staffing at the Welsh Government

The office of the First Minister is in Tŷ Hywel, and at the Senedd building in Cardiff. An office is also kept at the Crown Buildings, Cathays Park, Cardiff. The current First Minister, since 2018, is Mark Drakeford. The longest-serving First Minister was Rhodri Morgan.

List of First Secretaries and First Ministers

First Secretaries
 Alun Michael (12 May 1999–9 February 2000)
 Rhodri Morgan (9 February 2000–16 October 2000)
First Ministers
 Rhodri Morgan (16 October 2000–10 December 2009)
 Carwyn Jones (10 December 2009 - 12 December 2018) 
Mark Drakeford (since 13 December 2018)

Politics of Wales
1999 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s establishments in Wales
Welsh Government
Chloe is a 2009 American-Canadian-French erotic drama mystery movie. This movie is about the title character doing business as a call girl. Amanda Seyfried plays the title character. Julianne Moore plays gynecologist Catherine. Liam Neeson plays Catherine's husband David, who is a college professor.

This movie was released on March 26, 2010 in the United States. The movie got mixed reviews.

2009 drama movies

2000s LGBT movies
Adultery in movies
American drama movies
American erotic movies
American LGBT movies
American movie remakes
Canadian drama movies
English-language movies
French drama movies
LGBT drama movies
LGBT erotic movies
Movies about prostitution
NC-17 rated movies
Toronto
American independent movies
2000s erotic movies
The Welsh Government () is the executive of the devolved government in Wales.

The Welsh Government is required to explain its actions to the Welsh Parliament, which is the body that creates laws in Wales.

The current First Minister is Mark Drakeford. He was appointed by the Queen on 12 May 2011, who also appointed 10 ministers and deputy ministers. The Counsel General is Theodore Huckle QC.

History 
The Welsh Government and the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; founded as the National Assembly for Wales) were created as separate organisations by the Government of Wales Act 2006.

In the Act, the Government is called the Welsh Assembly Government, but to avoid confusion between National Assembly and the Government, it was renamed the Welsh Government in May 2011, just like the Scottish Government did in 2007.
Structure 
The Welsh Government is made up of several people:
 The First Minister
 Usually the leader of the biggest political party in the Welsh Parliament
 Up to 12 ministers and deputy ministers, who are chosen by the First Minister
 The Counsel General, who is chosen by the First Minister and then approved by the Welsh Parliament.

Further reading
 Welsh Parliament

References 

Devolved legislatures in the United Kingdom
Government
1999 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s establishments in Wales
Welsh Government
Yoenis Céspedes Milanés (born October 18, 1985) is a Cuban professional baseball player. He is an outfielder for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). Céspedes played before for the Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, and the Detroit Tigers. He has also played in the Cuban National Series.  He is a member of the Cuba national baseball team. Céspedes won the Home Run Derby in 2013 and 2014.

On July 31, 2015, Céspedes was traded from the Detroit Tigers to the New York Mets in exchange for minor league pitchers Michael Fulmer and Luis Cessa.

References

Other websites

1985 births
American League All-Stars
Boston Red Sox players
Cuban baseball players
Detroit Tigers players
Living people
New York Mets players
Oakland Athletics players
Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 – January 8, 1997) was an American chemist. He discovered the Calvin cycle (with Andrew Benson and James Bassham). He was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work. Calvin spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.

Using the carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin and colleagues mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis. It starts with its absorption as atmospheric carbon dioxide, and ends with its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds.

They showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacture of organic compounds. Calvin was the sole recipient of the 1961 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He wrote an autobiography three decades later titled Following the trail of light: a scientific odyssey.
During the 1950s he was among the first members of the Society for General Systems Research. In 1963 he was given the additional title of Professor of Molecular Biology.

References 

1911 births
1997 deaths
American chemists
Jewish American scientists
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Scientists from Minnesota
The Welsh Parliament (), commonly shortened to Senedd, is the devolved parliament with the power to make devolved laws in Wales. Between 1999 and 2020, it had the name National Assembly for Wales; commonly shortened to Welsh Assembly.

History 
The Assembly was created after the Government of Wales Act 1998 law, which was introduced after a referendum in 1997. The Assembly had no powers to make primary legislation until the Government of Wales Act 2006 law, which gave the Assembly limited powers to make laws.

Its powers were increased again after a Yes vote in a referendum on 3 March 2011, which allowed the Assembly to make laws without having to make a request to the Parliament of the UK, or to the Secretary of State for Wales.

How it works 
The Senedd has 60 members, called Members of the Senedd, or MSs for short. In Welsh, they are called Aelod o'r Senedd.
Members of the Senedd are elected for 4 years in an additional members system - 40 AMs are elected by the plurality system, and represent the different areas of Wales. Another 20 AMs from 5 electoral regions are also elected, by the proportional representation system.

Related pages 
 Welsh Government

References 

Devolved legislatures in the United Kingdom
Politics of Wales
1998 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s establishments in Wales
Organisations based in Wales
Unicameral legislatures
Welsh Government
Members of the Senedd (MSs for short) are elected members of the Senedd (Welsh Parliament). They represent the people from the different areas of Wales. They are elected for a four year term.

Related pages
 Senedd Cymru (Welsh Parliament)
 Welsh Government

References 

Politics of Wales
Carwyn Howell Jones (born 21 March 1967) is a Welsh politician. He was the First Minister of Wales from 2009 to 2018. He was the 3rd person to lead the Welsh Government. He has been Assembly Member for Bridgend since 1999. In the coalition government of Labour and Plaid Cymru, he was made Counsel General for Wales and Leader of the House on 19 July 2007. He was elected to succeed Rhodri Morgan as the leader of the Welsh part of the Labour Party (UK) in December 2009. On 9 December he was made First Minister by the National Assembly for Wales. He was sworn into office the following day. Along with some other Assembly Members, he is fluent in the Welsh language, and is also a member of Amnesty International and the Fabian Society.

References 

1967 births
Living people
Welsh politicians
Bridgend (; , meaning "Head of the Bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in Bridgend County Borough in Wales,  west of Cardiff and  east of Swansea.  The river crossed by the original bridge, which gave the town its name, is the River Ogmore, but the River Ewenny also passes to the south of the town.

History
Historically a part of Glamorgan, Bridgend has grown a lot since the early 1980s - the United Kingdom Census in 2001 found a population of 39,429, and the 2011 census found that the Bridgend Local Authority had a population of 139,200 up from 128,700 in 2001. This 8.2% rise was the largest in Wales except for Cardiff. The town is undergoing redevelopment, with the town centre pedestrianised and a new business park opened.

References

Towns in Wales
Aberystwyth University () is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales.

The university was a founding Member Institution of the University of Wales, a group of Welsh universities which all issued degrees from the 'University of Wales'. After the University of Wales split, Aberystwyth started issuing its own 'Aberystwyth University' degrees again.

There are over 7,500 students in the University's three main schools of arts, social science and the sciences.

References

Universities in the United Kingdom
1872 establishments in the United Kingdom
19th-century establishments in Wales
Fribourg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg. Both sides of the river Saane/Sarine run through Fribourg. As of December 2011, 36,633 people lived there.

References

Other websites 

 

 
Imperial free cities
Liestal is a town in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Swiss canton of Basel-Landschaft. It is  south of Basel. As of December 2012, 13,771 people lived there.

References

Other websites 

Official website of Liestal 

Municipalities in Liestal
Capital cities in Switzerland
Current affairs is a type of broadcast 

that analyzes and discusses recent News stories. This can include news that is still happening. Most of the discussion is on why, where, and how a story has happened.it tells you about the recent happenings
 This is different from normal news programs that report news stories as quickly as they can. They usually do not have as much analysis as current affairs programs. It is also different from the magazine show format, where events are discussed immediately. Current affairs shows are becoming less popular. The audience for these shows is usually over age 50.

References 

Mass media
Journalism
Fresnillo de Trujano is a town and municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 98.24 km². 
It is part of the Huajuapan District in the north of the Mixteca Region.

Settlements in Oaxaca
Municipalities of Oaxaca
Appenzell is a town in Switzerland and the capital of the Swiss canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. As of December 2012, the population of Appenzell is 5,661.

Capital cities in Switzerland
The Independence Day of Ukraine (Ukrainian: День Незалежності України) is the main state holiday in Ukraine. It is held on August 24, remembering the Ukrainian Declaration of Independence of 1991. It was first celebrated on 16 July 1991, as the first anniversary of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine. Since the Declaration of Independence was issued later, and confirmed by a referendum on 1 December 1991, the date of the holiday was changed. Starting in 2004, 23 August is celebrated as the Day of the National Flag.

References 

Ukrainian culture
Anzoátegui (, ), is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Anzoátegui is known for its beautiful beaches that attract many visitors. Its coast has only one beach. The beach is about  long.

The capital of Anzoátegui is Barcelona. Other cities include Puerto la Cruz and El Tigre.
Barinas may refer to:

Places
Venezuela
 Barinas (state), one of the 23 states which make up the country
 Barinas, Barinas, a city in the state of Barinas
 Barinas Municipality, a municipio in the state of Barinas
 Barinas Province, a former province, in existence from 1786 to 1864
Barinas (, ) is one of the 23 States of Venezuela. The state capital is Barinas.

Related pages
 States of Venezuela

States of Venezuela
States and territories established in 1937
Barinas () is a city in Venezuela. As of 2011, 353,442 people lived there. It is the capital of both the Barinas Municipality and the State of Barinas.

Cities in Venezuela
Capitals of Venezuelan states
1577 establishments
16th-century establishments in Venezuela
San Cristóbal Amatlán is a town and municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. It covers an area of . 
It is part of the Miahuatlán District in the Sierra Sur Region.

References

Settlements in Oaxaca
Municipalities of Oaxaca
San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec (Nahuatl: "on the hill of rabbits") is a city in Oaxaca, Mexico. It is part of the Tuxtepec District of the Papaloapan Region.

References 

Cities in Mexico
Settlements in Oaxaca
14th-century establishments in Mexico
San Nicolas or San Nicolás may refer to:

Person 
 Spanish name for Saint Nicholas, also called San Nicolás de Myra, San Nicolás de Bari, Nikolaos of Myra

Places

Aruba 
 San Nicolaas

Argentina 
 San Nicolás de los Arroyos, in the province of Buenos Aires
 San Nicolás Agreement, signed there
 San Nicolás, Buenos Aires, in the city of Buenos Aires
 San Nicolás Partido (province of Buenos Aires)

Chile 
 San Nicolás, Chile, a village and comuna in Ñuble Province, Bío-Bío Region

Costa Rica 
 San Nicolás District, Cartago; see districts of Costa Rica

Cuba 
 San Nicolás de Bari, province of Mayabeque

Honduras 
 San Nicolás, Copán
 San Nicolás, Santa Bárbara

Mexico 
 San Nicolás de Carretas (Chihuahua)
 San Nicolás de los Garza (Nuevo León)
 San Nicolás Hidalgo (Oaxaca)
 San Nicolás Tolentino (San Luis Potosí)
 San Nicolás, Baja California
 San Nicolás, Jalisco
 San Nicolás, Oaxaca
 San Nicolás, Puebla
 San Nicolás, Tamaulipas

Nicaragua 
 San Nicolás, Estelí
Philippines 
 San Nicolas, Batangas
 San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte
 San Nicolas, Manila
 San Nicolas, Pangasinan

Peru 
 San Nicolás District, Rodríguez de Mendoza (Amazonas)
 San Nicolás District, Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald (Ancash)

Spain 
 San Nicolás (Pamplona)
 San Nicolás del Puerto (Andalusia)
 La Aldea de San Nicolás (Canaries)

United States 
 San Nicolas Island, one of California's Channel Islands

Ships 
HMS San Nicolas, Royal Navy ship, formerly Spanish navy ship San Nicolás, captured at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797
SS San Nicolas, Panamanian cargo ship in service 1949-64, formerly German ship SS Claus Rickmers
Impulsora del Deportivo Necaxa S.A. de C.V. (); often simply known as Club Necaxa, is a Mexican football club from Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes.

Honours

Domestic
Amateur era

Primera Fuerza: 4
1932-33, 1934-35, 1936-37, 1937-38

Copa México: 4
1924-25, 1925-26, 1932-33, 1935-36
Runner up 2
1939-40, 1940-41

Campeón de Campeones: 2
1932-33, 1935-36

Campeonísimo: 2
1932-33, 1934-35

Professional Era

Liga MX: 3
1994-95, 1995-96, Invierno 98

Ascenso MX: 2
Clausura 2009, Bicentenario 2010

Campeón de Ascenso: 1
2009-2010

Copa México: 3
1959-60, 1965-66, 1994-95

Campeón de Campeones: 2
1965-1966, 1994-1995

International tournaments
Central American and Caribbean Games: 1
1935

CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 2
1975 (as Atlético Español), 1999

InterLiga: 1
2007
 
FIFA Club World Cup: 0
3rd place - 2000

CONCACAF Cup Winners' Cup: 1
1994

Mexican football clubs
Aguascalientes
1923 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Mexico
Deportivo Wanka is a Peruvian football club from Huancayo. They play their home games at Estadio Huancayo.

Peruvian football clubs
1996 establishments
20th-century establishments in Peru
Junín Region
Copa México is the main knockout cup competition in Mexican football. The competition was established in 1907.

Champions

Amateur era

Professional era 

Football competitions
Football in Mexico
1907 establishments in North America
1900s establishments in Mexico
San Nicolás de los Garza, is a city and coextensive municipality in the Mexican state of Nuevo León. It is a suburb of Monterrey. It is the third-largest city in the state, behind Monterrey and Guadalupe.

Cities in Mexico
Nuevo León
1597 establishments
16th-century establishments in Mexico
Seongnam FC () is a South Korean football club, from Seongnam. Seongnam plays in the K League 1. It's the second most successful in club in South Korea. They won 7 K League 1 titles, 2 FA Cups, 3 League Cups, and 2 AFC Champions League titles.

Honours

Domestic
 K League 1
  Winners (7): 1993, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006
 Runners-up (3): 1992, 2007, 2009
 K League 2
 Runners-up (1): 2018

FA Cup
 Winners (3): 1999, 2011, 2014
 Runners-up (3): 1997, 2000, 2009

Korean Super Cup
 Winners (1): 2002
 Runners-up (2): 2000, 2004

League Cup
 Winners (3): 1992, 2002, 2004
 Runners-up (3): 1995, 2000, 2006

International
AFC Champions League
 Winners (2): 1995, 2010
 Runners-up (2): 1997, 2004

Asian Super Cup
 Winners (1): 1996

 A3 Champions Cup
 Winners (1): 2004

 Afro-Asian Club Championship
 Winners (1): 1996

 Asian Challenge Cup
 Winners (1): 2012

Peace Cup
 Runners-Up (1): 2012

South Korean football clubs
Suwon Samsung Bluewings () is a South Korean football club from Suwon.

The team's mascot is "Agileon". There are three foreign players: Santos, Jonathan, and Castelin. "The wizard of left foot" Yum Ki Hun is Suwon's captain.

Honours

Domestic

League
 K League 1
 Winners (4): 1998, 1999, 2004, 2008
 Runners-up (4): 1996, 2006, 2014, 2015

Cup
 FA Cup
 Winners (5): 2002, 2009, 2010, 2016, 2019
 Runners-up (3): 1996, 2006, 2011
 League Cup
 Winners (6):1999, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008
 Super Cup
 Winners (3): 1999, 2000, 2005

Continental

Major
 AFC Champions League
 Winners (2): 2001, 2002
 Asian Cup Winners Cup
 Runners-up (1): 1998
 Asian Super Cup
 Winners (2): 2001, 2002

Regional
 A3 Champions Cup
 Winners (1): 2005

Intercontinental
 Pan-Pacific Championship
Winners (1): 2009

South Korean football clubs
Samsung
Dry plate, also known as gelatin process, is an improved type of photographic plate.  It was invented by Dr. Richard L. Maddox in 1871. By 1879 the first dry plate factory had been established. With much of the complex chemical work done at the factory, the new process simplified the work of photographers.

History
History 

The first practical way to take photographs was called the daguerreotype. It was introduced in 1839. It used sheets of copper coated with silver. The plate was then exposed to chemical fumes, then taken to the camera. Introduced in the 1850s the Collodion process was introduced. It used what were called wet plates. But a wet plate had to be prepared and used within minutes. It also had a very slow photographic speed. The preparation of wet plates required numerous chemicals. These had to be mixed in the dark in a portable tent if the photographer was planning on photographing away from the studio. In the 1880s the gelatin dry plate replaced the wet plates. The dry plate allowed much faster exposure times. Now a moving subject could be captured on film. The dry plates could be manufactured in a factory and used whenever the photographer wanted.

References 

Photography
Guilty by Suspicion is a 1991 legal drama movie. It is about the 1950s in Hollywood, in particular, the blacklist in Hollywood. Annette Bening plays Ruth. Robert De Niro plays David. Martin Scorsese plays Joe Lesser.

This movie was released on March 15, 1991. The reviews were good.

1991 drama movies
American drama movies
La Romana can mean:
 La Romana Province, a province in the Dominican Republic
 La Romana, Dominican Republic, capital city of the province 
 La Romana, Alicante, a municipality in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain
Nell is a 1994 drama movie. This movie is about a woman who has lived away from people most of her life. She meets other people for the first time. Jodie Foster plays the title character. Liam Neeson and Natasha Richardson are also in the movie.

Nell was released in December 1994. Reviews were mixed. The box office was positive.

1994 drama movies
American drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Michael Apted
Movies set in North Carolina
Movies set in forests
Movies about language
Movies about autism
Poképark Wii is a Nintendo Wii game. It is in the Pokémon franchise. The player controls Pikachu to explore the Poképark and befriends other Pokémon.

Pokémon video games
Wii games