Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Jack Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American retired actor, director, producer and writer. He started out as a writer and part-time actor. He became a star in 1969 when he had a small part in the movie Easy Rider. He has won three Oscars, for As Good as it Gets, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and Terms of Endearment. He is one of the fans for Los Angeles Lakers. Nicholson is one of only two actors who have been nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s; the other is Michael Caine. Nicholson received the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1999. He has won seven Golden Globe Awards. He received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. Nicholson dropped out from the remake movie Toni Erdmann.

Early Life 
Nicholson was born at Jersey Shore University Medical Center in Neptune City, New Jersey, He is son of showgirl June Frances Nicholson.
Personal life
Nicholson has been linked to many actresses and models, including Michelle Phillips, Bebe Buell and Lara Flynn Boyle. He had a intimate relationship with Anjelica Huston from 1973 to 1989. The relationship ended when the media reported Rebecca Broussard was pregnant with their child. Nicholson and Broussard had two children together, Lorraine and Raymond. Nicholson's other children are Jennifer (born with Sandra Knight) and Honey Hollman (born with Winnie Hollman). Susan Anspach says that her son, Caleb Goddard, was fathered by Nicholson. He is not sure that he is the father. Nicholson describes himself as a "lifelong Irish Democrat", although he says he supports every President, and he is staunchly pro-life. He is Roman Catholic. In 2020, Nicholson endorsed Bernie Sanders's second presidential campaign for the 2020 nomination.

Filmography

References

Other websites 
 
 Jack Nicholson Online
1937 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
Actors who played the Joker
American movie actors
American television actors
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie producers from New Jersey
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Screenwriters from New Jersey
The 1860s was the decade that began on January 1, 1860 and ended on December 31, 1869.

The most important events 
 The Civil War in the United States

Sports 
College football is first played in 1869.
World leaders 
 Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
 Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald (Canada)
 Emperor Napoleon III (Second French Empire)
 King William I, German Emperor (Germany)
 King Victor Emmanuel II (Italy)
 Pope Pius IX
 Emperor Alexander II (Russia)
 Queen Isabella II (Spain)
 Queen Victoria (United Kingdom)
 Prime Minister Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (United Kingdom)
 Prime Minister Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (United Kingdom)
 Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom)
 President James Buchanan (United States)
 President Abraham Lincoln (United States)
 President Andrew Johnson (United States)
 President Jefferson Davis (Confederate States of America)
 President Ulysses S. Grant (United States)
 Nasser-al-Din Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
 Emperor Kōmei (Japan)
 Emperor Meiji (Japan)
 Emperor Xianfeng (China)
 Emperor Tongzhi (China)
Up to 1950 
451- The Battle of Chalons, Flavius Aetius' victory over Attila the Hun.
1214 – University of Oxford receives its charter.
1605 - Tsar Feodor III of Russia is murdered.
1631 – The sack of Baltimore: the Irish village of Baltimore was attacked by Algerian pirates.
1667 - Pope Clement IX is elected.
1685 – Monmouth Rebellion: The Duke of Monmouth declared himself King of England at Bridgwater.
1756 – English garrison imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
1782 – The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
1789 – Deputies of the French Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath
1791 – The Flight to Varennes began.
1819 – The US vessel Savannah arrives at Liverpool. She is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, most of the journey was made under sail.
1837 – Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.
1840 - Samuel Morse receives a patent for the telegraph.
1862 – Barbu Catargiu is assassinated in Romania.
1863 – West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
1877 – Alexander Graham Bell installs world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton Ontario.
1884 - The Pentre Ifan Neolithic site in Pembrokeshire, west Wales, gets the special status of a "Scheduled Monument".
1887 - Victoria Terminus, the busiest railway station in India, opens in Bombay.
1893 – Lizzie Borden is found innocent of murdering her stepmother and father.
1895 - The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula in Northern Germany, is officially opened.
1900 – In China, the Boxer Rebellion begins.
1919 – 150 die at the Teatro Yaguez fire, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
1921 - Workers of the Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in Chennai, India, begin a four-month strike.
1939 – Benny Goodman's Song School ends its radio series.
1940 - World War II: Italy begins 
1943 - The Detroit race riots break out.
1944 - World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea finishes, with a decisive US Naval victory.
1944 - Continuation War: The Soviet Union demands the unconditional surrender of Finland, which the Finnish government refuses.
1945 - The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to the US.
1948 – Toast of the Town, later The Ed Sullivan Show, debuts.
1951  2000 
1954 - 1954 FIFA World Cup: West Germany loses a group game 8-3 to the Hungary national football team, which they go on to beat 3-2 in the final.
1956 – A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashed in Atlantic Ocean off Ashbury Park, New Jersey killing 74 people
1959 - A rare June hurricane strikes Canada's Gulf of Saint Lawrence, killing 35 people.
1960 – Independence of Mali and Senegal.
1963 – "Hotline" established between Soviet Union and United States.
1966 – Canada sells 336 million bushels of wheat to Soviet Union.
1969 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas becomes Prime Minister of France.
1973 - Ezeiza massacre in Buenos Aires - Snipers fire on left-wing Peronists, killing 13 people.
1976 - The Czechoslovakia national football team defeats the West Germany national football team to win UEFA Euro 1976.
1977 - Menachem Begin becomes Prime Minister of Israel.
1977 – Oil begins to flow through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).
1979 - ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart is shot dead by a Nicaraguan soldier under the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle.
1980 – Roberto Duran starts his classic boxing trilogy with Sugar Ray Leonard by defeating him in Canada by a decision in 15 rounds, to gain the WBC world Welterweight championship.
1981 – Iran is taken over by what is now known as the Islamic Republic of Iran after two and a half years of intimidation.
1982 - Jacky Ickx wins the 24-hour motor race at Le Mans, France.
1990 – Asteroid Eureka is discovered.
1991 – German parliament decides to move the capital city from Bonn back to Berlin.
1992 - Estonia takes the Kroon as its national currency.
1994 - In Mashad, Iran, a bomb attack on a mosque kills 26 people and injures 80.
1995 - In Kenya the Safina political party is founded by Richard Leakey and opposition activists.
From 2001 
2001 – Pervez Musharraf becomes President of Pakistan
2001 – Andrea Yates drowns her children in a bathtub and admits the crime. She was later sentenced to life in prison.
2003 – Formation of Wikimedia Foundation is announced.
2009 – In Tehran, student Neda Agha-Soltan is shot dead. As it happened during post-election protests, she becomes a symbol of the Iranian opposition.
2010 - Juan Manuel Santos is elected President of Colombia.
2012 - Antonis Samaras becomes Prime Minister of Greece, after a second election in the space of six weeks, during the country's economic crisis.
2013 - At 1 p.m., the 3-hour PSI reading in Singapore reached record levels once again with a reading of 371 in the Hazardous range, as Singapore experienced its worst haze to date.
2014 - 2014 FIFA World Cup: Costa Rica secures a place in the second round after beating Italy 1-0, from a group also containing England and Uruguay. It is one of the surprises of the tournament.
2019 - Iran shoots down a US surveillance drone over the Strait of Hormuz; US President Donald Trump later admits to having ordered a strike on Iran which he later cancelled.
2019 - Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt become the final two candidates for the leadership of the British Conservative Party and the post of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Up to 1900 
 1005 - Ali az-Zahir, Egyptian caliph (d. 1036)
 1389 - John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (d. 1435)
 1469 - Gian Galeazzo Sforza, consort of Isabella of Naples (d. 1496)
 1566 – Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Sweden (d. 1632)
 1583 - Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
 1634 - Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy (d. 1675)
 1642 - George Hickes, English theologian and writer (d. 1715)
 1647 - John George III, Elector of Saxony (d. 1691)
 1717 - Jacques Saly, French sculptor (d. 1776)
 1723 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (d. 1816)
 1737 - Tokugawa Ieharu, Japanese shogun (d. 1786)
 1753 - Antoine de Rivarol, French writer (d. 1801)
 1754 - Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1832)
 1756 - Joseph Martin Kraus, German composer (d. 1792)
 1760 - Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, British statesman (d. 1842)
 1763 - Wolfe Tone, Irish lawyer and independence campaigner (d. 1798)
1771 - Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, Scottish philanthropist (d. 1820)
 1778 - Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, French statesman (d. 1832)
 1786 - Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, French writer (d. 1859)
 1819 – Jacques Offenbach, German-French composer (d. 1880)
 1832 - Benjamin Bristow, American politician (d. 1896)
 1833 - Leon Bonnat, French painter (d. 1922)
 1858 – Charles W. Chesnutt, American writer (d. 1932)
 1860 - Alexander Winton, Scottish automobile designer and racer (d. 1932)
 1860 - Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer and footballer (d. 1932)
 1861 – Frederick Gowland Hopkins, English chemist, won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1947)
 1862 - Marco Praga, Italian playwright (d. 1929)
 1869 - Lucy Kemp-Welch, English painter (d. 1958)
 1872 - George Carpenter, 5th General of the Salvation Army (d. 1948)
 1875 - Reginald Punnett, British geneticist (d. 1967)
 1884 - Johannes Heinrich Schultz, German psychiatrist (d. 1970)
1887 - Kurt Schwitters, German painter and writer (d. 1948)
 1889 - John S. Paraskevopoulos, Greek-South African astronomer (d. 1951)
 1891 – John A. Costello, Irish Taoiseach (d. 1976)
 1891 - Giannina Arangi-Lombardi, Italian soprano (d. 1951)
 1896 - Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian conductor, pianist, composer and arts administrator (d. 1982)
 1897 – Elisabeth Hauptmann, German writer (d. 1973)
 1897 - Jimmy Driftwood, American folk musician and songwriter (d. 1998)
 1899 - Jean Moulin, French resistance leader (d. 1943)
1901  1950 
 1902 - Juan Evaristo, Argentine footballer (d. 1978)
 1905 – Lillian Hellman, American playwright (d. 1984)
 1906 - Bob King, American high jumper (d. 1965)
 1907 - Jimmy Driftwood, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (d. 1998)
 1909 – Errol Flynn, Australian-American actor (d. 1959)
 1913 – Lilian Jackson Braun, American writer (d. 2011)
 1913 - Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish royal, father of King Juan Carlos I of Spain (d. 1993)
 1915 - Terence Young, British screenwriter and director (d. 1994)
 1916 - Jean-Jacques Bertrand, 21st Premier of Quebec (d. 1973)
 1917 - Helena Rasiowa, Polish mathematician (d. 1994)
 1920 - Man Mohan Adhikari, Nepalese politician (d. 1999)
 1920 - Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambican political activist (d. 1969)
 1923 - Jerzy Nowak, Polish actor (d. 2013)
 1923 - Peter Gay, German-American historian, educator and writer (d. 2015)
 1924 – Chet Atkins, American guitarist and producer (d. 2001)
 1924 – Fritz Koenig, German sculptor (d. 2017)
1924 - Rainer Barzel, German politician (d. 2006)
 1925 - Audie Murphy, American soldier, actor and songwriter (d. 1971)
 1925 - Doris Hart, American tennis player (d. 2015)
 1926 - Giovanni Viola, Italian footballer (d. 2008)
 1927 - Simin Behbahani, Iranian poet (d. 2014)
 1927 – Josef Posipal, German footballer and manager (d. 1997)
 1928 – Jean-Marie Le Pen, French far-right politician
 1928 – Martin Landau, American actor (d. 2017)
 1928 - Eric Dolphy, American jazz musician (d. 1964)
 1929 - Edgar Bronfman, Sr., Canadian-American businessman (d. 2013)
 1929 - Edith Windsor, American LGBT rights activist ad technological manager at IBM (d. 2017)
 1930 - Magdalena Abakanowicz, Polish sculptor and artist (d. 2017)
 1931 – Olympia Dukakis, American actress (d. 2021)
 1932 - Robert Rozhdestvensky, Russian poet (d. 1994)
 1933 - Danny Aiello, American actor
 1933 - Dai Dower, Welsh boxer (d. 2016)
 1933 - Brett Halsey, American actor
1934 - Sergio Balanzino, Italian diplomat, former Secretary-General of NATO.
 1934 - Graham Leggat, Scottish footballer
 1934 - Wendy Craig, English actress
 1935 - Armando Picchi, Italian footballer (d. 1971)
 1936 - Billy Guy, American singer (d. 2002)
 1937 - Phil Skoglund, New Zealand lawn bowls player (d. 2015)
 1938 - Joan Kirner, Australian politician, 42nd Premier of Victoria (d. 2015)
 1939 - Konrad Spindler, German prehistorian (d. 2005)
 1940 - John Mahoney, English-American actor (d. 2018)
 1941 - Stephen Frears, British actor, director, producer
 1941 - Ulf Merbold, German physicist and astronaut
 1942 – Brian Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys)
 1945 – Anne Murray, Canadian singer
 1945 - Jean-Claude Izzo, French writer (d. 2000)
 1945 - Shekhar Mehta, Kenyan rally driver (d. 2006)
 1946 - Lars Vilks, Swedish sculptor, artist and activist
 1946 – Xanana Gusmao, former President of East Timor
 1948 – Ludwig Scotty, former President of Nauru
1948 - Cirilo Flores, American bishop (d. 2014)
 1948 - Alan Longmuir, Scottish musician and actor (Bay City Rollers) (d. 2018)
 1949 - Lionel Richie, American singer and musician
 1950 – Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq
1951  1975 
 1951 – Tress MacNeille, American voice actress
 1952 – John Goodman, American actor
 1952 – Vikram Seth, Indian poet
 1952 - Larry Riley, American actor
 1952 - Mabel Rivera, Spanish actress
 1953 - Ulrich Mühe, German actor (d. 2007)
 1954 – Michael Anthony, American musician (Van Halen)
 1954 - Allan Lamb, South African-English cricketer
 1954 - Ilan Ramon, Israeli astronaut (d. 2003)
 1958 - Barbara Rosenkranz, Austrian politician
 1958 - Chuck Wagner, American actor
 1959 – Chris Williams, African-American actor
 1960 – John Taylor, British musician ("Duran Duran")
 1963 - José Basualdo, Argentine footballer
 1964 - Pierfrancesco Chili, Italian motorcycle racer
 1964 - Silke Möller, German athlete
 1966 - Boaz Yakin, American screenwriter and director
 1967 – Nicole Kidman, Australian actress
 1967 - Angela Melillo, Italian actress, model, singer and television personality
 1968 - Mateusz Morawiecki, Polish politician, Prime minister of Poland
1969 - Paulo Bento, Portuguese footballer and manager
 1970 – Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco
 1970 - Andrea Nahles, German politician
 1971 - Josh Lucas, American actor
 1971 - Jeordie White, American musician
 1972 - Craig Thomson, Scottish football referee
 1973 - Chino Moreno, American singer-songwriter and musician
From 1976 
 1976 – Juliano Belletti, Brazilian footballer
 1978 – Frank Lampard, English footballer
 1978 - Quinton Jackson, American mixed martial artist and actor
 1979 - Masashi Motoyama, Japanese footballer
 1980 – Carlo Festuccia, Italian rugby player
 1980 - Vignir Svavarsson, Icelandic handball player
 1981 - Brede Hangeland, Norwegian footballer
 1982 – Aleksei Berezutski, Russian footballer
 1982 – Vasili Berezutski, Russian footballer
 1982 – Example, English rapper
 1982 - George Forsyth, Peruvian footballer
 1983 - Josh Childress, American basketball player
 1984 - Hassan Adams, American basketball player
 1985 - Souleymane Mamam, Togolese footballer
 1986 - Luca Cigarini, Italian footballer
 1987 – Itumeleng Khune, South African footballer
 1987 - Alexey Korolev, Kazakhstani ski jumper
 1987 – Paweł Rogaliński, Polish journalist
 1987 - Asmir Begovic, Bosnia and Herzegovina footballer
 1988 - Shefali Chowdhury, British actress
 1989 – Javier Pastore, Argentine footballer
1989 - Christopher Mintz-Plasse, American actor
 1990 - Ding Ning, Chinese table tennis player
 1990 - Iselin Solheim, Norwegian singer
 1991 - Rick ten Voorde, Dutch footballer
 1993 - Sead Kolasinac, Bosnia and Herzegovina footballer
 1996 - Majid Hosseini, Iranian footballer
 1997 - Maria Lark, Russian-American actress
 1997 - Jordan Larsson, Swedish footballer
 1998 - Jadin Gould, American actress
 1999 - Yui Mizuno, Japanese singer and model
Up to 1900 
451 – Theodorid, King of the Visigoths
537 - Pope Silverius
840 – Louis the Pious, King of the Franks, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 778)
1176 - Mikhail of Vladimir
1597 – Willem Barentsz, navigator (b. 1550)
1605 – Tsar Feodor II of Russia (b. 1589)
1668 - Heinrich Roth, German scholar (b. 1620)
1776 - Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (b. 1704)
1787 – Karl Friedrich Abel, German composer
1810 - Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish statesman (b. 1755)
1820 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentine lawyer and politician (b. 1770)
1837 – King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1765)
1840 - Pierre Claude Francois Daunou, French statesman (b. 1761)
1847 - Juan Larrea, Argentine politician and businessman (b. 1782)
1862 - Barbu Catargiu, Romanian politician (b. 1807)
1869 - Hijikata Toshizo, Japanese military leader (b. 1835)
1870 - Jules de Goncourt, French writer (b. 1830)
1888 – Johannes Zukertort, German chess player (b. 1847)
1901  2000 
1909 - Friedrich Martens, Estonian-Russian diplomat, lawyer and historian (b. 1845)
1925 - Josef Breuer, Austrian psychologist (b. 1842)
1929 - Emmanuel Benakis, Greek merchant and politician (b. 1843)
1933 – Clara Zetkin, German politician and feminist (b. 1857)
1940 - Jehan Alain, French organist and composer (b. 1911)
1945 – Bruno Frank, German writer (b. 1878)
1945 - Luis Fernando de Orleans y Borbon, Spanish prince (b. 1888)
1946 - Wan Rong, last Empress of China (b. 1906)
1947 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (b. 1906)
1947 - Howard Mason Gore, 17th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1877)
1952 - Luigi Fagioli, Italian racing driver (b. 1898)
1958 – Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
1965 - Bernard Baruch, American financier and politician (b. 1870)
1966 – Georges Lemaitre, Belgian theologian and astrophysicist (b. 1894)
1976 - Lou Klein, American baseball player (b. 1918)
1979 - Bill Stewart, American journalist (b. 1941)
1995 – Emil Cioran, Romanian-born French philosopher and essayist (b. 1911)
1997 - Lawrence Payton, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1938)
1998 – Conrad Schumann, East German borderguard, most famous escapee from East Germany (b. 1942)
1999 – Clifton Fadiman, writer (b. 1902)
From 2001 
2001 - Gina Cigna, Italian-French opera singer and dramatic soprano (b. 1900)
2002 – Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (b. 1905)
2002 – Tinus Osendarp, Dutch sprinter (b. 1916)
2003 – Bob Stump, U.S. Congressman from Arizona (b. 1927)
2005 – Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer (b. 1923)
2009 – Neda Agha-Soltan, Iranian student (shot), symbol of the resistance to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (b. 1982)
2010 – Roberto Rosato, Italian footballer (b. 1943)
2011 – Ryan Dunn, American television star and stuntman (b. 1977)
2012 - Judy Agnew, wife of Spiro Agnew (b. 1920)
2013 - Ingvar Rydell, Swedish footballer (b. 1922)
2014 - Oberdan Cattani, Brazilian footballer (b. 1919)
2014 - Jaroslav Walter, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1939)
2015 - Elson Floyd, American educator (b. 1956)
2015 - Angelo Niculescu, Romanian football manager (b. 1921)
2015 - Takanonami Sadahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1971)
2015 - François Delapierre, French politician (b. 1970)
2015 - Esther Brand, South African athlete (b. 1922)
2015 - William Brantley Aycock, American educator (b. 1915)
2016 - Frank Chapot, American equestrian (b. 1932)
2016 - Rich Olive, American politician (b. 1949)
2016 - Ernesto Maceda, Filipino politician (b. 1935)
2016 - Edgard Pisani, French politician (b. 1918)
2016 - Chayito Valdez, Mexican-American folk singer and actress (b. 1945)
2017 - Sergei Mylnikov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1958)
2017 - Prodigy, American rapper (b. 1974)
2017 - Fredrik Skagen, Norwegian writer (b. 1936)
2018 - Ken Albiston, Australian rules football player (b. 1926)
2018 - Dante Caputo, Argentine politician (b. 1943)
2018 - Peter Thomson, Australian golfer (b. 1929)
2018 - Bill Hendon, American activist, writer and politician (b. 1944)
2018 - Ernie Hunt, English footballer (b. 1943)
2018 - Sándor Kányádi, Hungarian poet and translator (b. 1929)
2018 - Bill Speakman, British soldier (b. 1927)
2019 - Eddie Garcia, Filipino actor, director and television personality (b. 1929)
2019 - Rubén Suñé, Argentine footballer (b. 1947)
Observances 
 World Refugee Day
 Flag Day (Argentina)
 West Virginia Day
 In Leap years: Northern Summer solstice and Southern Winter solstice

References 

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina.
 1490 – Anne of Brittany announces that all those who would ally (go on the same side) with the King of France will be guilty of the crime of lese-majesty.
 1642 – Charles I of England sends soldiers in to arrest members of parliament.
 1643 – Famous English scientist Isaac Newton is born. In the Julian calendar in use in England at the time, his date of birth was December 25, 1642.
 1649 – The English Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.
 1717 – The Netherlands, Great Britain and France sign a triple alliance.
 1762 – Great Britain declares war on Spain and Naples.
 1798 – Constantine Hangerli arrives in Bucharest, then-part of Wallachia, as its new prince, invested by the Ottoman Empire.
 1847 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the US Government.
 1852 – British steamer RMS Amazon catches fire and explodes and sinks, killing 104 people.
1854 – The Subantarctic McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald.
 1863 – The New Apostolic Church is created in Hamburg.
 1865 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters on Wall Street.
 1878 – The city of Sofia is freed from Ottoman Rule.
 1880 – Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador is first climbed by Edward Whymper.
 1885 – Dr. William W. Grant of Davenport, Iowa, performs what is thought to be the first appendectomy.
 1889 – The Oklahoma Land Run opens 2 million square acres of unused Oklahoma Territory to first-come, first-served settlers from April 22.
 1896 – Utah becomes a state of the US.
1901  2000 
 1904 – In Gonzales v. Williams, the U.S. Supreme Court decides that citizens of Puerto Rico are not aliens and can enter the U.S. freely.
 1912 – The Scout Association is officially created throughout the British Commonwealth of Nations by Royal Charter.
 1935 – Dry Tortugas National Park in Mexico is created.
 1944 – World War II: Operation Carpetbagger, involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in Europe, begins.
 1948 – Burma gained independence from the United Kingdom.
 1950 – Israel declares Jerusalem to be its capital city.
 1951 – The Communist forces of North Korea and China, seize the city of Seoul.
 1958 – Sputnik 1 falls back to Earth.
 1958 – Edmund Hillary reaches the South Pole, leading the first overland expedition there since Robert Falcon Scott.
 1959 – Luna 1 becomes the first spacecraft to reach the area near the Moon.
 1964 – Pope Paul VI visits Israel.
1965 – During the State of the Union Address, President Lyndon Johnson outlines his plan for "The Great Society".
 1966 – A coup occurs in Upper Volta (present-day Burkina Faso).
 1967 – Donald Campbell is killed in an attempt to beat his own water speed record on Coniston Water.
 1970 – An earthquake in Yunnan, China, kills around 10,000 people.
 1972 – Rose Heilbron becomes the first female judge to sit on the Old Bailey in London.
 1976 – The Troubles: The Ulster Volunteer Force shoots dead six Irish Catholic civilians in County Armagh. On January 5, gunmen shoot dead 10 Protestant civilians nearby.
 1981 – Peter Sutcliffe admits being the Yorkshire ripper.
 1987 – An Amtrak train travelling from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, DC, collides with Conrail engines in Chase, Maryland, killing 16 people.
 1990 – A train accident in Sangi, Pakistan, kills 350 people.
 1998 – A massive ice storm in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States causes widespread disruption and power outages.
1999 – Former wrestler, Jesse Ventura, becomes Minnesota's governor.
 1999 – The US Mint begins issuing the 50 state quarters.
From 2001 
 2004 – Spirit, a NASA Mars Rover, lands successfully on Mars.
 2004 – Mikheil Saakashvili becomes President of Georgia.
 2006 – Prime Minister of Israel Ariel Sharon suffers a stroke. His duties are transferred to Ehud Olmert.
 2007 – Nancy Pelosi becomes the first female Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
 2010 – The Burj Khalifa is opened in Dubai, officially becoming the world's tallest building.
 2016 – Zinedine Zidane becomes the manager of Real Madrid C.F..

Births
Up to 1900 
 1077 – Emperor Zhezong of China (d. 1100)
 1334 – Amadeus VI of Savoy (d. 1383)
 1341 – Wat Tyler, English leader of the Peasants' Revolt (d. 1381)
 1581 – James Ussher, Irish bishop and theologian (d. 1656)
 1643 – Isaac Newton, English scientist (d. 1727)
 1664 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician (d. 1742)
 1710 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer, violinist and organist (d. 1736)
 1720 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (d. 1774)
 1737 – Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, French chemist and politician (d. 1816)
 1785 – Jacob Grimm, German storyteller (d. 1863)
 1793 – Roger Sherman Baldwin, American politician, Senator and Governor of Connecticut (d. 1863)
 1809 – Louis Braille, French inventor of Braille (d. 1852)
 1813 – Isaac Pitman, English linguist (d. 1897)
 1838 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer (d. 1883)
 1839 – Carl Humann, German engineer, architect and classical archaeologist (d. 1896)
 1848 – Katsura Taro, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1913)
1858 – Carter Glass, 47th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1946)
 1866 – Joel Hastings Metcalf, American astronomer (d. 1925)
 1866 – Ramon Casas i Carbo, Catalan painter (d. 1932)
 1869 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player (d. 1960)
 1870 – Percy Pitt, English organist and conductor (d. 1932)
 1872 – Ottilie Sutro, American pianist (d. 1970)
 1874 – Josef Suk, Czech composer (d. 1935)
 1874 – Albert Tyler, American athlete (d. 1945)
 1878 – Augustus John, Welsh painter (d. 1961)
 1881 – Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (d. 1919)
 1883 – Max Eastman, American writer (d. 1969)
 1883 – Pat Ryan, American hammer thrower (d. 1964)
 1883 – Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch botanist (d. 1961)
 1887 – Hugo Steinhaus, Polish mathematician (d. 1972)
 1888 – Walther Kossel, German physicist (d. 1956)
 1889 – M. Patanjali Sastri, 2nd Chief Justice of India (d. unknown)
 1890 – Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson, American pulp writer and publisher (DC Comics) (d. 1968)
1891 – Edward Brooker, Australian politician, 31st Premier of Tasmania (d. 1948)
 1893 – Yone Minagawa, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2007)
 1896 – Everett Dirksen, American politician (d. 1969)
 1896 – André Masson, French painter (d. 1987)
 1896 – Arnold Susi, Estonian lawyer and politician (d. 1968)
 1900 – James Bond, American ornithologist (d. 1980)
1901  1950 
 1902 – John McCone, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1991)
 1903 – Georg Elser, German resistance activist (d. 1945)
 1905 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (d. 1992)
 1910 – Arthur Villeneuve, Canadian painter (d. 1990)
 1913 – Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoan Head of State (d. 2007)
 1914 – Jean-Pierre Vernant, French historian and anthropologist (d. 2007)
 1915 – Meg Mundy, English-American actress
 1922 – Mart Port, Estonian architect (d. 2012)
 1924 – Walter Ris, American swimmer (d. 1989)
 1924 – Charles Thone, American politician, 34th Governor of Nebraska (d. 2018)
 1925 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier (d. 2003)
 1927 – Barbara Rush, American actress
 1929 – Günter Schabowski, East German politician (d. 2015)
 1930 – Don Shula, American football coach
 1931 – William Deane, former Governor-General of Australia
 1932 – Carlos Saura, Spanish director
 1932 – Clint Hill, American secret service agent and writer
1933 – Norman H. Bangerter, American politician, Governor of Utah (d. 2015)
 1933 – Ilia II of Georgia, Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church
 1934 – Zurab Tsereteli, Georgian sculptor
 1934 – Hellmuth Karasek, German journalist, writer and critic (d. 2015)
 1934 – Rudolf Schuster, former President of Slovakia
 1935 – Floyd Patterson, American boxer (d. 2006)
 1935 – Walter Mahlendorf, German athlete
 1936 – Gianni Vattimo, Italian philosopher, writer and politician
 1937 – Grace Bumbry, American soprano
 1937 – Dyan Cannon, American actress, director, screenwriter and producer
 1939 – Veniamin Soldatenko, Soviet athlete
 1939 – Joseph Bonnel, French footballer (d. 2018)
 1940 – Antoni Krauze, Polish screenwriter and director (d. 2018)
 1940 – Helmut Jahn, German-American architect
 1940 – Brian David Josephson, Welsh physicist
 1940 – Gao Xingjian, Chinese-French writer
 1941 – Maureen Reagan, American political activist (d. 2001)
 1942 – John McLaughlin, English guitarist and songwriter
1945 – Richard R. Schrock, American chemist
 1947 – Chris Cutler, British singer and musician
 1947 – Doc Neeson, Northern Irish-born Australian singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2014)
 1947 – Tim Rooney, American actor (d. 2006)
 1947 – Rick Stein, English chef and restaurateur
 1948 – Cissé Mariam Kaïdema Sidibé, Prime Minister of Mali
 1949 – Mick Mills, English footballer
1951  1975 
 1951 – Barbara Cochran, American skier
 1951 – Ronald Corp, English composer, conductor and priest
 1953 – Norberto Alonso, Argentine footballer
 1954 – Oleg Romantsev, Russian footballer
 1955 – Wolfgang Tiefensee, German politician
 1956 – Bernard Sumner, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
 1956 – Sarojini Sahoo, Indian feminist writer
 1957 – Patty Loveless, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1957 – Vesnaja Zmijanac, Montenegrin-Serbian folk singer
 1957 – Gurdas Maan, Indian singer, songwriter, choreographer and actor
 1958 – Andy Borowitz, American comedian and actor
 1958 – Julian Sands, English actor
 1958 – Gary Jones, Welsh-Canadian actor
 1960 – Michael Stipe, American singer and musician (R.E.M.)
 1960 – April Winchell, American actress
 1961 – Kiyotaka Matsui, Japanese footballer
 1961 – Oh Se-hoon, South Korean politician
 1962 – Robin Guthrie, Scottish guitarist and producer
 1962 – Joe Kleine, American basketball player
1962 – Peter Steele, American musician (d. 2010)
 1962 – André Rouvoet, French educator and politician
 1963 – Dave Foley, Canadian comedian, actor, director and producer
 1963 – Till Lindemann, German singer (Rammstein)
 1963 – May-Britt Moser, Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist, 2014 Nobel Prize winner
 1964 – Dot Jones, American actress
 1965 – Yvan Attal, Israeli-French actor and director
 1965 – Craig Revel Horwood, Australian-English dancer
 1965 – Guy Forget, French tennis player
 1965 – Beth Gibbons, British musician
 1965 – Cait O'Riordan, Irish musician (The Pogues)
 1966 – Christian Kern, former Chancellor of Austria
 1966 – Deana Carter, American singer
 1971 – Katharine Viner, British newspaper editor (The Guardian)
 1972 – James Longley, American director and producer
 1973 – Harmony Korine, American movie director and screenwriter
 1974 – Armin Zöggeler, Italian luger
From 1976 
 1977 – David Millar, British cyclist
 1977 – Teitur Lassen, Faroese singer-songwriter
 1978 – Karine Ruby, French snowboarder (d. 2009)
 1978 – Mai Meneses, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1979 – Kevin Kuske, German bobsledder
 1980 – Miguel Monteiro, Portuguese footballer
 1980 – Greg Cipes, American actor
 1980 – Happy Salma, Indonesian model, actress and writer
 1981 – Zhang Jiewen, Chinese badminton player
 1982 – Paulo Ferrari, Argentine footballer
 1982 – Kang Hye-jung, South Korean actress
 1983 – Gemma Hunt, English television presenter
 1985 – Al Jefferson, American basketball player
 1985 – Jung Sung Ryong, South Korean footballer
 1985 – Ross Turnbull, English footballer
 1986 – James Milner, English footballer
 1986 – Younès Kaboul, French footballer
 1986 – Hsieh Su-wei, Taiwanese tennis player
 1987 – Nikolaj Misiuk, Lithuanian footballer
 1988 – Nabila Jamshed, Indian writer
 1989 – Labrinth, English singer
 1990 – Toni Kroos, German footballer
1990 – Alberto Paloschi, Italian footballer
 1991 – Olivia Tennet, New Zealand actress
 1991 – Tal Al-Mallohi, Syrian blogger and activist
 1992 – Kris Bryant, American baseball player
 1993 – Scott Redding, British motorcycle racer
 1995 – Maddie Hasson, American actress
 1995 – Maria Isabel, Spanish singer
 1998 – Coco Jones, American actress and singer
 1998 – Liza Soberano, Filipino-American actress and model
 2003 – Jaeden Lieberher, American actor
Up to 1900 
 1066 – Edward the Confessor, Saxon king (b. 1003)
 1248 – King Sancho II of Portugal (b. 1207)
 1428 – Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1370)
 1564 – Hosokawa Ujitsuna, Japanese military commander (b. 1514)
 1584 – Tobias Stimmer, Swiss painter and illustrator (b. 1539)
 1752 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (b. 1704)
 1761 – Stephen Hales, English physicist and physiologist (b. 1677)
 1773 – Anton Losenko, Russian painter (b. 1737)
 1786 – Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher (b. 1729)
 1804 – Charlotte Lennox, British writer (b. 1730)
 1821 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, American saint (b. 1774)
 1825 – Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1751)
 1843 – Stevens Mason, American politician, 1st Governor of Michigan (b. 1811)
 1874 – Thomas Gregson, Australian politician, 2nd Premier of Tasmania (b. 1798)
 1877 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, American businessman (b. 1794)
 1880 – Anselm Feuerbach, German painter (b. 1829)
1882 – John William Draper, English-American physician, chemist and photographer (b. 1811)
 1895 – Manuel Pavia, Spanish general (b. 1827)
1901  2000 
 1910 – Léon Delagrange, French aviator and sculptor (b. 1873)
 1913 – Hjalmar Johansen, Norwegian explorer (b. 1867)
 1915 – Anton von Werner, German painter (b. 1843)
 1919 – Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1843)
 1931 – Louise, Princess Royal (b. 1867)
 1931 – Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Indian journalist, activist and scholar (b. 1878)
 1941 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher (b. 1859)
 1944 – Kaj Munk, Danish minister, poet and activist (b. 1898)
 1956 – Savielly Tartakower, Polish-French chess player (b. 1887)
 1960 – Albert Camus, French writer (b. 1913)
 1961 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist (b. 1887)
 1965 – T. S. Eliot, American poet (b. 1888)
 1967 – Donald Campbell, English motorboat racer (b. 1921)
 1975 – Carlo Levi, Italian writer, painter and politician (b. 1902)
 1986 – Christopher Isherwood, English writer (b. 1904)
 1986 – Phil Lynott, Irish musician (b. 1949)
 1990 – Henry Bolte, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (b. 1907)
1995 – Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (b. 1942)
 1995 - Dorothy Granger, American actress (b. 1911)
 1998 – John Gary, American singer (b. 1932)
 1999 – Iron Eyes Cody, American actor (b. 1904)
From 2001 
 2004 – Joan Aiken, English writer (b. 1924)
 2006 – Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Dubai politician (b. 1946)
 2007 – Marais Viljoen, South African politician (b. 1915)
 2007 – Sandro Salvadore, Italian footballer (b. 1939)
 2009 – Lei Clijsters, Belgian footballer (b. 1956)
 2010 – Casey Johnson, American socialite (b. 1979)
 2010 – Johan Ferrier, first President of Suriname (b. 1910)
 2010 – Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese survivor of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs (b. 1916).
 2011 – Salmaan Taseer, Pakistani politician (b. 1964)
 2011 – Gerry Rafferty, Scottish singer-songwriter (b. 1947)
 2011 – Mohamed Bouazizi, Tunisian fruit seller (b. 1984)
 2011 – Dick King-Smith, English writer (b. 1922)
 2011 – Ali-Reza Pahlavi of Iran (b. 1966)
 2012 – Eve Arnold, American photographer (b. 1912)
 2013 – Tony Lip, American actor (b. 1930)
 2014 – Sergey Kozlov, Russian footballer and manager (b. 1960)
 2015 – Stuart Scott, American sportscaster (b. 1965)
2015 – Hank Peters, American baseball executive (b. 1924)
 2015 – Stu Miller, American baseball player (b. 1927)
 2015 – Lance Diamond, American singer (b. 1946)
 2015 – Pino Daniele, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1955)
 2015 – Natalino Pescarolo, Italian bishop (b. 1929)
 2015 – René Vautier, French movie director (b. 1928)
 2016 – Michel Galabru, French actor (b. 1922)
 2016 – Tom Allin, English cricketer (b. 1987)
 2016 – S. H. Kapadia, Indian judge (b. 1947)
 2016 – Jorge Lepra, Uruguayan diplomat and politician (b. 1942)
 2016 – John Roberts, Welsh footballer (b. 1946)
 2016 – Fernando Barrachina, Spanish footballer (b. 1947)
 2016 – Achim Mentzel, German musician and television presenter (b. 1946)
 2016 – Leo Rucka, American football player (b. 1931)
 2017 – Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1918)
 2017 – Ezio Pascutti, Italian footballer (b. 1937)
 2017 – Wayne Westner, South African golfer (b. 1961)
 2017 – Hisham Al-Otaibi, Kuwaiti politician (b. 1946)
2017 – Heinz Billing, German physicist and computer scientist (b. 1914)
 2017 – Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan, Indian sitar player and composer (b. 1927)
 2017 – Jordi Pagans i Monsalvatje, Catalan painter (b. 1932)
 2017 – Douglas Wass, British civil servant (b. 1923)
 2017 – Georges Pretre, French conductor (b. 1924)
 2018 – Aharon Appelfeld, Ukrainian-born Israeli writer (b. 1932)
 2018 – Johannes Brost, Swedish actor (b. 1946)
 2018 – Brendan Byrne, American politician, 47th Governor of New Jersey (b. 1924)
 2018 – Bruce Halle, American automobile parts executive (b. 1930)
 2018 – Senichi Hoshino, Japanese baseball player (b. 1947)
 2018 – Philipp Jenninger, German politician (b. 1932)
 2018 – Ray Thomas, English singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
 2018 – Vladimir Yankilevsky, Russian artist (b. 1938)
 2019 – Harold Brown, 14th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1927)
 2021 – Tanya Roberts, American actress (b. 1955)
 2021 – Martinus J. G. Veltman, Dutch theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1931)
2022 – Joan Copeland, American actress (b. 1922)
 2022 – Hilton Cheong-Leen, Hong Kong politician (b. 1922)
Observances 
 Independence Day (Burma)
 Day of the Fallen against Colonial Repression (Angola)
 Day of the Martyrs (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
 World Braille Day

January 04
The autism spectrum, often called just autism or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a disorder of brain development caused by differences in the structure of the brain. Autism changes how someone thinks, understands the world, moves, communicates, and socializes. Autism is a spectrum disorder, which means that every person with autism will have different symptoms and different severity of symptoms. Some autistic people may need a lot of help with one thing. Other autistic people may not need help with the same thing. It may be easy to tell when someone is autistic, or it may not be.

The main areas of difference from non-autistic people is thinking differences (how people think and understand the world), sensory processing differences (how people react to stimuli), motor differences, communication differences, developmental differences, and socializing differences.
Signs of autism are usually present when a child is around two or three, but some people are not diagnosed until later. Some people are not diagnosed until they are adults. There is no cure for autism and many autistic people do not want a cure. They want to be accepted as different. This is called neurodiversity. Autistic people who want their differences to be accepted may be part of the autism rights movement.

History

Early history 
The word “autism” comes from the Greek word “autos”, meaning “self.” The term describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction: an “isolated self”. The term "autism" was first used by a psychiatrist named Eugen Bleuler in 1911 to describe one group of symptoms of schizophrenia. Sigmund Freud considered this idea and thought it was related to narcissism.

Discovery 
In the 1940s, two researchers were studying autism in different countries; Hans Asperger in Austria and Leo Kanner in the United States.
In 1943 Leo Kanner (a doctor from Johns Hopkins University) did a study of 11 children. He found out that they had difficulties such as changing environments, being sensitive to certain stimuli, having speech problems, and allergies to food. Later he named the children’s condition “early infantile autism”, now called autism spectrum disorder.
Hans Asperger was doing a similar study in Austria He found they also had “[...] a lack of empathy, little ability to form friendships, one-sided conversation, intense absorption in a special interest and clumsy movements”. It used to be thought that Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner were looking at different children and that Hans Asperger found a "mild form" of autism. This was the initial justification for Asperger syndrome. However, later research found that they were doing research on similar populations. Hans Asperger was also doing research in Nazi-controlled Austria, which believed in eugenics. Eugenics is the idea that some people are better than others. In Nazi-controlled Europe, people who were considered "lesser" were murdered, imprisoned, and discriminated against. Recent research has discovered that Hans Asperger sent children with disabilities to be murdered.

The refrigerator mother theory
In 1943 and 1949, Kanner described the children he studied in scientific papers. In these papers, he wrote that he thought the children's parents were not loving them enough. He wrote that this might be part of the reason why the children had autism. For example, in 1949 he wrote that the children's parents showed no warmth, or love, to their children. He thought the parents were so "cold" that he compared them to refrigerators:“[The children] were left neatly in refrigerators which did not defrost. Their withdrawal seems to be an act of turning away from such a situation to seek comfort in solitude”.This idea became known as the refrigerator mother theory. For decades parents were blamed for causing their children's autism by not loving their children enough. By now, we know this is not true.
Later history 
Schizophrenia and autism were linked in many researchers’ studies. It was in the 1960s when medical professionals started to see these two disorders as separate conditions. Since 1980, Kanner’s so-called "early infantile autism" is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). However, the DSM came out with a more accurate definition of autism in 1987. Since then, early infantile autism is called autism disorder. For the first time the DSM also introduced standardized criteria to diagnose autism. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) expanded the definition of autism and included milder cases of autism. Asperger’s syndrome was added as a type of autism in 1994.
Recent history 
Autism used to be considered different conditions. Some diagnoses in the past include: Classical autism, Asperger's syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). However, none of these separate diagnoses exist anymore. Both the US DSM-V (2013) and the ICD-11 (2022) have combined the existing diagnoses into one diagnosis: Autism spectrum disorder.

This happened because doctors found that these diagnoses were frequently used in different ways. For example, one person could get a diagnosis of classical autism from one doctor, Asperger's from a second doctor, and PDD-NOS from a third doctor. This was hurting people's ability to access services and supports.

Additionally, recent research shows that Hans Asperger sent autistic children to be murdered by Nazis. Because of this, the diagnosis is less frequently used, and is not preferred by many autistic people.

Symptoms
Symptoms

Persistent Deficits 
Both the ICD-11 and the DSM-5 define autism by deficits. Deficits are areas where autistic people are not as good at something as non-autistic people. Autistic people have disagreed with how autism is defined by deficits and not by differences. In Welcome to the Autistic Community, a Simple English book, about being autistic, they refer to differences, rather than symptoms or deficits. Researchers and autistic advocates are working together on creating a way to diagnose that is based on autistic people's experiences of autism and is not deficit based.

The symptoms or characteristics of autism can look different depending on how old you are. Doctors are supposed to keep that in mind while diagnosing autism. For example, a toddler and an adult, while they both are autistic, would express it very differently.
These symptoms must be persistent. Persistent means that these symptoms must keep happening over a long span of time. If a symptom only happened once, it wouldn't be persistent. Autism is life-long.

Onset (When symptoms start) 
These are the two areas where symptoms must be present to diagnose autism spectrum disorders.

Both the ICD-11 and DSM-5 say that there have to be some symptoms in childhood, but that sometimes symptoms won't fully manifest until later.

Social Interaction and Communication 
Difficulty in social interactions and communicating with each other.

Some examples are:
 may not understand body language or other forms of non-verbal communication
 may not like to make eye contact
 may have difficulty making friends
 may prefer being alone, or not interested in making friends
 may not speak or speak less than others
 may have difficulty in knowing how other people feel
Restricted, repetitive and inflexible behavior 
This term means behavior that happens over and over again and it is difficult to change. This can happen in many different situations: talking, routine, body movements, and others.

Some examples include:
 may have trouble dealing with changes in routine or unexpected events.
 may do the same things at the same time or the same places
 may be overly concerned with rules while playing
 may enjoy lining up or sorting objects
 may do the same body movements repeatedly (stimming)
 rocking, walking on tiptoes, flapping hands, and others
 may have special interests (areas where the person is super interested in something)
 Sensitivity
 Greater or lesser sensitivity to certain sensory experiences like smells, noises, or touch.

Affects the persons life 
For a diagnosis, the symptoms must affect the person's life. This can include social, school, job, or other areas. For example, someone having trouble making friends, or having trouble getting a job.
In 2021, an online survey of 16-90 year-olds showed that autistic men are more likely to be bisexual, while autistic women are more likely to be homosexual.

NHS England calculated in 2022 that autistic people, without a learning disability, were more likely to die and lived, on average, about 5 years less than other people.

Frequency 
There are many studies on how many autistic people are out there. In the United States, the CDC does studies. In 2018, they found that 1 in 44 children are autistic. That is about 2%. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1 in 100 children worldwide are diagnosed with autism. This number keeps going up. Many people wonder why there are more and more autistic children. Some people think that something is causing it. But really, most scientists think that we are getting better at diagnosing autism. More doctors know about autism and can diagnose children that they see. More people have access to medical care and can get a diagnosis.