Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1951  1975 
 1954 – Rene Russo, American actress
 1955 - Mo Yan, Chinese novelist and Nobel Prize winner
 1957 - Loreena McKennitt, Canadian singer-songwriter, harpist and pianist
 1959 - Aryeh Deri, Israeli rabbi and politician 
 1959 - Rowdy Gaines, American swimmer
 1961 - Andrey Korotayev, Russian anthropologist and economic historian
 1961 - Panna Rittikrai, Thai actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2014)
 1961 - Angela Eagle, English politician
 1961 - Maria Eagle, English politician
 1962 - Sarah Wollaston, English politician
 1962 – Lou Diamond Phillips, American actor
 1963 – Michael Jordan, American basketball player
 1963 – Alison Hargreaves, British mountain climber (d. 1995)
 1963 – Larry the Cable Guy, American comedian and actor
 1964 - Jim Jordan, American politician
 1965 – Michael Bay, American director and producer
 1966 - Luc Robitaille, Canadian ice hockey player
 1968 – Giuseppe Signori, Italian footballer
 1969 - Tuesday Knight, American actress
1970 - Dominic Purcell, English-Australian actor
 1971 – Denise Richards, American actress
 1971 - Carlos Gamarra, Paraguayan footballer
 1972 – Billie Joe Armstrong, American lead singer of Green Day
 1972 – Philippe Candeloro, French figure skater
 1972 – Taylor Hawkins, American musician
 1973 - Shirley Clamp, Swedish singer
From 1976 
 1976 - Kelly Carlson, American actress
 1979 – Cara Black, Zimbabwean tennis player
 1981 – Paris Hilton, American socialite and heiress
 1981 – Joseph Gordon-Levitt, American actor
 1981 - Pontus Segerström, Swedish footballer (d. 2014)
 1981 - Andrew Stephenson, English politician
 1982 – Daniel Merriwether, Australian singer
 1982 – Adriano Leite Ribeiro, Brazilian footballer
 1983 - Nguyen Tien Minh, Vietnamese badminton player
 1984 - AB de Villiers, South African cricketer
 1984 - Drew Miller, American ice hockey player
 1985 - Anders Jacobsen, Norwegian ski jumper
 1985 – Mario Bolatti, Argentine footballer
 1988 – Natascha Kampusch, Austrian kidnapping victim
 1989 – Rebecca Adlington, British swimmer
 1989 - Stacey McClean, British singer
 1989 - Chord Overstreet, American actor
 1991 – Ed Sheeran, British singer-songwriter
 1991 – Bonnie Wright, British actress
 1992 - Meaghan Jette Martin, American actress
 1993 - Marc Marquez, Spanish racing driver
1993 - Nicola Leali, Italian footballer
 1993 - Philip Wiegratz, German actor
 1996 – Sasha Pieterse, South African-born American actress
Up to 1900 
 197 – Clodius Albinus, would-be Roman emperor (killed in battle)
 306 - Theodore of Amasea, Roman soldier and Christian martyr
 364 – Jovian, Roman emperor (b. ca. 332)
 1339 – Otto the Merry, Duke of Austria
 1371 - Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
 1600 – Giordano Bruno, Italian religious reformer (burned at the stake) (b. 1548)
 1609 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1549)
 1652 - Gregorio Allegri, Italian composer (b. 1582)
 1673 – Molière, French playwright (b. 1622)
 1680 – Jan Swammerdam, Dutch scientist (b. 1637)
 1768 - Arthur Onslow, English lawyer and politician (b. 1691)
 1827 - Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Swiss educator and reformer (b. 1746)
 1848 - George W. Campbell, Scottish-born 5th United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1769)
 1854 – John Martin, English painter (b. 1789)
 1856 – Heinrich Heine, German writer (b. 1797)
 1883 - Vasudeo Balwant Phadke, Indian revolutionary (b. 1855)
 1883 – Napoleon Coste, French guitarist, composer (b. 1806)
1890 – Christopher Latham Sholes, American inventor (b. 1819)
 1891 - Theophil Hansen, Danish-Austrian educator and architect (b. 1813)
1901  2000 
 1901 - Ethelbert Nevin, American pianist and composer (b. 1862)
 1905 - William Bickerton, English-American religious leader (b. 1815)
 1909 – Geronimo, Apache leader (b. 1829)
 1912 - Edgar Evans, Welsh navy officer (b. 1876)
 1919 – Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1841)
 1924 - Oskar Merikanto, Finnish composer (b. 1868)
 1934 – King Albert I of Belgium (b. 1875)
 1934 – Siegbert Tarrasch, German chess player (b. 1862)
 1939 - Willy Hess, German violinist (b. 1859)
 1943 – Konstantin Bogaevsky, Russian painter (b. 1872)
 1943 – Armand J. Piron, American jazz musician (b. 1888)
 1946 - Dorothy Gibson, American actress and singer (b. 1889)
 1961 - Nita Noldi, American actress (b. 1894)
 1962 - Joseph Kearns, American actor (b. 1907)
 1962 – Bruno Walter, German conductor (b. 1876)
 1970 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli writer (b. 1888)
 1970 - Alfred Newman, American movie composer (b. 1900)
 1982 – Thelonious Monk, American jazz pianist (b. 1917)
1982 – Lee Strasberg, American acting teacher, actor (b. 1901)
 1986 - Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher (b. 1895)
 1988 - Karpoori Thakur, Indian politician, 1st Chief Minister of Bihar (b. 1924)
 1988 - John M. Allegro, English archaeologist and scholar (b. 1923)
 1989 - Lefty Gomez, American baseball player (b. 1908)
 1990 - Jean-Marc Bolvin, French mountaineer (b. 1951)
 1994 - Gretchen Fraser, American ski racer (b. 1919)
 1994 – Randy Shilts, writer, AIDS activist (b. 1951)
 1998 – Ernst Jünger, militaristic German writer (b. 1895)
From 2001 
 2001 – Khalid Abdul Muhammed, Nation of Islam spokesman (b. 1948)
 2004 – José López Portillo, former President of Mexico (b. 1920)
 2005 – Dan O'Herlihy, Irish movie actor (b. 1919)
 2005 – Omar Sivori, Argentine footballer (b. 1935)
 2007 – Maurice Papon, French Nazi collaborator (b. 1910)
 2010 – Kathryn Grayson, American singer and actress (b. 1922)
 2011 – Perry Moore, American writer and movie producer (b. 1971)
 2012 - Ulric Neisser, German-born American psychologist (b. 1928)
 2013 - Richard Briers, British actor (b. 1934)
 2013 - Mindy McCready, American country music singer (b. 1975)
 2014 - Frankie Kao, Taiwanese singer (b. 1950)
 2014 - Loni Nest, German-American actress (b. 1915)
 2014 - Joe Bell, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1923)
 2015 - Andrzej Koszewski, Polish composer (b. 1922)
 2015 - Cathy Ubels-Veen, Dutch politician (b. 1928)
 2016 - Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian journalist (b. 1923)
 2016 - Alexander Gutman, Russian film director (b. 1945)
2016 - Akbar Kakkattil, Indian writer (b. 1954)
 2016 - Andrzej Zulawski, Polish film director and writer (b. 1940)
 2017 - Nicole Bass, American bodybuilder and professional wrestler (b. 1964)
 2017 - Warren Frost, American actor (b. 1925)
 2017 - Börge Hellström, Swedish writer (b. 1957)
 2017 - Erland Kops, Danish badminton player (b. 1937)
 2017 - Robert H. Michel, American politician (b. 1923)
 2017 - Michael Novak, American theologian and writer (b. 1933)
 2017 - Tom Regan, American philosopher (b. 1938)
 2017 - Peter Skellern, English singer-songwriter (b. 1947)
Observances
 Celebrated as Independence Day in Kosovo
 Revolution Day (Libya)

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 758 - Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.
 1226 - Tran Thu Do, head of the Tran clan of Vietnam, forces Ly Hue Tong, the last emperor of the Ly Dynasty, to commit suicide.
 1270 - The Eighth Crusade and Siege of Tunis end by an agreement between Charles I of Sicily and the Sultan of Tunis.
 1340 - Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Marinid invasion in the Battle of Rio Soldado.
 1470 – Henry VI of England returns to the English throne after Earl of Warwick defeats Yorkists in battle.
 1485 – Henry VII of England is crowned King.
 1534 - The English Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII of England head of the English Church, a title previously held by the Pope.
 1657 - Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios during the Anglo-Spanish War.
 1813 - French troops surrender at Pamplona, ending Spain's War of Independence.
 1817 - The independent government of Venezuela is formed by Simon Bolivar.
1831 - Nat Turner, who led the Slave Rebellion, is detained.
 1863 - Danish Prince Wilhelm arrives in Athens to become King George I of Greece.
 1864 - The Second War of Schleswig ends: Denmark surrenders its claim to Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, which come under Prussian and Austrian control.
 1864 – Helena, Montana is founded after four prospectors discover gold at "Last Chance Gulch."
 1880 - Tegucigalpa becomes the capital city of Honduras.
1901  2000 
 1905 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia grants Russia's first constitution, creating a legislative assembly.
 1918 – The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice with the Allies, ending the First World War in the Middle East.
 1920 - The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney.
 1921 - The Argentina national football team wins the Campeonato Sudamericana for the first time. The competition later becomes the Copa America.
 1922 - Victor Emmanuel III of Italy names Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister.
 1925 - John Logie Baird creates the United Kingdom's first television transmitter.
 1929 - The Stuttgart cable car is built in Stuttgart, Germany.
 1938 – Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, causing a nationwide panic.
 1941 – World War II: Franklin Delano Roosevelt approves US$1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.
 1944 – Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
1945 - Baseball player Jackie Robinson of the Kansas City Monarchs signs a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers, leading to the breaking of the color barrier in the sport.
 1953 - George Marshall wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
 1960 - Michael Woodruff performs his first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
 1961 – The Soviet Union detonates the hydrogen bomb Tsar Bomba. It is the largest nuclear device ever detonated. Nikita Khrushchev says that the scientists had planned to make it larger, but had reduced the yield to prevent breaking all the windows in Moscow.
 1961 – Due to "violations of Lenin's precepts", it is decreed that Joseph Stalin's body be removed from its place of honour inside Lenin's tomb and buried near the Kremlin wall with a plain granite marker instead.
1965 – Vietnam War: Just miles from Da Nang, United States Marines stop an large attack of NLF forces, killing 56 guerrillas. Among the dead, a sketch of Marine positions was found on the body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.
 1970 – In Vietnam, the worst monsoon to hit the area in six years causes large floods, kills 293, leaves 200,000 homeless and virtually halts the Vietnam War.
 1972 - Two commuter trains collide in Chicago, Illinois, kills 45 people.
 1973 - The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul is completed.
 1974 – "The Rumble in the Jungle": Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire to regain the World Heavyweight Boxing championship.
 1975 – Prince Juan Carlos becomes Spain's acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco.
 1980 – El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.
1983 – The first democratic elections in Argentina after seven years of military rule are held.
 1983 – An earthquake in eastern Turkey, near Erzurum, kills around 1,300 people.
 1985 - The Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off on what would become its final successful mission.
 1988 - Ayrton Senna wins his first Formula One title.
 1991 – The Madrid Conference for Middle East peace talks opens.
 1995 – Quebec independence referendum: Voters in Quebec narrowly choose to stay part of Canada.
 1997 - Mary McAleese is elected President of Ireland.
 1998 - 5,500 people are killed by Hurricane Mitch in Honduras.
 2000 – The Somoni replaces the Rouble as the currency of Tajikistan.
From 2001 
 2002 – British television Service Freeview starts transmitting throughout parts of the United Kingdom.
 2003 - Basketball player LeBron James makes his first appearance in the NBA, for the Cleveland Cavaliers.
 2005 – Having been destroyed in the Firebombing of Dresden in World War II, the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady), is reconsecrated.
 2007 - The hosting of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup is given to Germany, and it is announced that the 2014 FIFA World Cup would take place in Brazil.
 2013 - A bus fuel tank catches fire in Mahabubnagar, India, killing 45 people.
 2014 - Emergency rule is declared in Burkina Faso after protests in the capital Ouagadougou against President Blaise Compaoré extending his time in office.
 2014 - Sweden becomes the first European Union country to recognize the State of Palestine.
 2015 - A fire at a nightclub in Bucharest, Romania, kills 64 people.
Up to 1850 
 39 BC - Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus Caesar (d. 14)
 1218 – Emperor Chukyo of Japan (d. 1234)
 1327 - Andrew, Duke of Calabria (d. 1345)
 1513 - Jacques Amyot, French writer (d. 1593)
 1580 – Dirk Hartog, Dutch explorer (d. 1621)
 1624 - Paul Pellisson, French writer (d. 1693)
 1632 – Christopher Wren, English architect (d. 1723)
 1668 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen of Prussia (d. 1705)
 1735 – John Adams, 1st Vice President and 2nd President of the United States (d. 1826)
 1741 – Angelica Kauffman, Swiss-Austrian painter (d. 1807)
 1748 - Martha Jefferson, first wife of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1782)
 1751 - Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish satirist, playwright and poet (d. 1816)
 1763 - Heinrich Cotta, German forester (d. 1844)
 1776 - George M. Bibb, American politician (d. 1859)
 1778 - Benjamin Ames, Governor of Maine (d. 1835)
 1785 - Heinrich von Pückler-Muskau, Prussian lieutenant (d. 1871)
 1789 - Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (d. 1864)
1794 - Prince Frederick of Prussia, Prussian prince and general (d. 1863)
 1804 - Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (d. 1873)
 1816 - Henry L. Dawes, American politician (d. 1903)
 1829 - Suzanne Manet, wife and model of the painter Edouard Manet (d. 1906)
 1836 - Camillo Boito, Italian writer and architect (d. 1914)
 1839 – Alfred Sisley, Anglo-French painter (d. 1899)
 1844 - Harvey W. Wiley, American chemist (d. 1930)
 1847 - Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist (d. 1897)
1851  1900 
 1853 - Louise Abbéma, French painter (d. 1927)
 1857 – Georges Gilles de la Tourette, French neurologist (d. 1904)
 1859 - Karl von Stürgkh, Austrian politician (d. 1916)
 1861 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (d. 1929)
 1871 - Paul Valéry, French poet (d. 1945)
 1871 - Buck Freeman, American baseball player (d. 1949)
 1873 – Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (d. 1913)
 1877 - Hugo Celmins, Prime Minister of Latvia (d. 1941)
 1881 - Elizabeth Roberts, American poet and writer (d. 1941)
 1882 - Oldrich Duras, Czech chess player (d. 1957)
 1882 - William F. Halsey, Jr., American naval commander (d. 1959)
 1885 – Ezra Pound, American poet (d. 1972)
 1886 - Zoe Akins, American playwright (d. 1958)
 1887 - Sukumar Ray, Bengali writer (d. 1923)
 1887 - Georg Heym, German writer (d. 1912)
 1888 - Louis Menges, American soccer player (d. 1969)
 1888 - Konstantinos Tsiklitiras, Greek Olympic champion (d. 1913)
 1890 - Tommy Cairns, Scottish footballer (d. 1967)
1893 - Charles Atlas, Italian bodybuilder (d. 1972)
 1893 - Roland Freisler, German Nazi judge (d. 1945)
 1894 - Jean Rostand, French biologist (d. 1977)
 1894 - Peter Warlock, English composer (d. 1930)
 1895 – Gerhard Domagk,  German  doctor,  won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1964)
 1895 – Dickinson W. Richards, American physician (d. 1973)
 1896 – Harry Randall Truman, Guardian of Mt. St. Helens (d. 1980)
 1896 - Ruth Gordon, American actress (d. 1985)
 1896 - Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet (d. 1928)
 1897 - Agustín Lara, Mexican composer (d. 1970)
 1899 - Nadezhda Mandelstam, Russian writer (d. 1980)
 1900 – Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist (d. 1991)
1901  1950 
 1905 - Johnny Miles, Canadian marathon runner (d. 2003)
 1906 – Giuseppe Farina, Italian racing driver (d. 1966)
 1906 – Alexander Gode, German-American linguist (d. 1970)
 1908 - U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Indian politician (d. 1963)
 1908 - Patsy Montana, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 1996)
 1908 - Dmitry Ustinov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1984)
 1909 - Homi J. Bhabha, Indian physicist (d. 1966)
 1909 - Jerry Dawson, Scottish footballer (d. 1977)
 1910 - Luciano Sgrizzi, Italian harpsichordist  and composer (d. 1994)
 1911 – Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)
 1914 - Anna Wing, British actress (d. 2013)
 1914 - Leabua Jonathan, 2nd Prime Minister of Lesotho (d. 1987)
 1915 - Jane Randolph, American actress (d. 2009)
 1915 - Fred W. Friendly, American journalist (d. 1998)
 1917 - Maurice Trintignant, French racing driver (d. 2005)
 1917 - Anna Marly, Russian-born French singer and songwriter (d. 2006)
 1917 - Nikolai Ugarkov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1994)
1925 - Gus Savage, American politician (d. 2015)
 1926 - Tommy Ridgley, American singer (d. 1999)
 1928 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist (d. 1999)
 1930 – Clifford Brown, American musician (d. 1956)
 1931 - Vince Callahan, American politician (d. 2014)
 1932 - Louis Malle, French movie director (d. 1995)
 1934 - Frans Brüggen, Dutch conductor and flautist (d. 2014)
 1935 – Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer (d. 2011)
 1935 – Michael Winner, English movie director (d. 2013)
 1937 – Claude Lelouch, French director
 1938 - Ed Lauter, American actor (d. 2013)
 1939 – Leland H. Hartwell, American scientist
 1939 - Eddie Holland, American songwriter
 1939 - Grace Slick, American rock music singer, songwriter, musician, artist and model
 1941 - Theodor W. Haensch, German physicist
 1941 - Otis Williams, American singer
 1943 - David Triesman, Baron Triesman, English politician
 1944 - Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi politician (d. 2015)
 1945 – Henry Winkler, American actor, director and producer
1946 - William Thurston, American mathematician (d. 2012)
 1946 - Robert L. Gibson, American astronaut
 1946 - Chris L. Slade, Welsh drummer
 1947 - Timothy B. Schmit, American rock musician
1951  1975 
 1951 - Harry Hamlin, American actor
 1952 - Ana Paula Ribeiro Tavares, Angolan historian and poet
 1953 - Pete Hoekstra, United States Congressman
 1954 – Mario Testino, Peruvian-born fashion photographer
 1954 - Mahmoud El Khatib, Egyptian footballer
 1955 - Heidi Heitkamp, American politician
 1956 - Juliet Stevenson, English actress
 1957 - Kevin Pollak, American actor and director
 1960 – Diego Armando Maradona, Argentine footballer
 1961 - Giorgos Papakonstantinou, Greek economist and politician
 1962 - Courtney Walsh, Jamaican cricketer
 1962 – Stefan Kuntz, German footballer
 1964 – Jean-Marc Bosman, Belgian footballer
 1965 - Gavin Rossdale, British musician
 1966 - Scott Innes, American voice actor
 1966 - Zoran Milanovic, 10th Prime Minister of Croatia
 1967 - Brad Aitken, Canadian ice hockey player
 1969 - Stanislav Gross, 5th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (d. 2015)
 1969 - Snow, Canadian musician
 1970 - Xie Jun, Chinese chess player
 1970 - Nia Long, American actress
1970 - Ben Bailey, American comedian and talk show host
 1970 - Tony Belleci, American visual effects designer and TV host
 1971 – Fredi Bobic, German footballer
 1971 - Emma Tate, British voice actress
 1971 - Tzanis Stavrakopoulos, Greek basketball player
 1972 - Jessica Hynes, British actress and writer
 1973 - Edge, Canadian actor and professional wrestler
 1975 - Maria Thayer, American actress
From 1976 
 1976 – Stern John, Trinidadian footballer
 1978 – Matthew Morrison, American actor and singer
 1979 - Jason Bartlett, American baseball player
 1981 - Jun Ji-hyun, South Korean actress
 1981 - Ayaka Kimura, Japanese actress
 1981 - Ivanka Trump, American model, businesswoman and socialite
 1982 - Manny Parra, American baseball player
 1983 - Diana Karazon, Jordanian singer, television host and actress
 1984 - Tyson Strachan, Canadian ice hockey player
 1984 - Eva Marcille, American actress, TV host and model
 1986 – Thomas Morgenstern, Austrian skijumper
 1986 - Margareta Kozuch, German volleyball player
 1988 - Janel Parrish, American actress and singer
 1989 - Jay Asforis, British actor, singer and dancer (S Club 7)
 1989 - Vanessa White, British singer (The Saturdays)
 1989 – Seth Adkins, American actor
 1989 – Nastia Liukin, American gymnast
 1989 - Ashley Barnes, Austrian-English footballer
 1996 – Mizuki Fukumura, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
 1998 - Meimi Tamura, Japanese singer
Up to 1900 
 1226 - Ly Hue Tong, Emperor of Vietnam
 1459 - Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (b. 1380)
 1522 - Jean Houton, French composer (b. 1459)
 1553 - Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German statesman and reformer (b. 1489)
 1602 - Jean-Jacques Boissard, French poet (b. 1528)
 1611 – King Charles IX of Sweden (b. 1550)
 1626 - Willebrord Snell, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (b. 1580)
 1632 - Henri II de Montmorency, French naval officer (b. 1595)
 1654 – Emperor Go-Komyo of Japan (b. 1633)
 1685 - Michel le Tellier, French statesman (b. 1603)
 1757 - Osman III, Ottoman Sultan
 1802 - Charles Alexandre de Colonna, French statesman (b. 1734)
 1809 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
 1816 - Frederick I of Württemberg (b. 1754)
 1842 - Allan Cunningham, Scottish writer and poet (b. 1784)
 1853 - Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (b. 1786)
 1883 - Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815)
1893 – John Abbott, 3rd Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
 1894 - Honoré Mercier, 9th Premier of Quebec (b. 1840)
1901  2000 
 1910 – Henry Dunant, Swiss founder of the International Red Cross, co-winner of the first Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1828)
 1912 – James S. Sherman, Vice President of the United States (b. 1855)
 1915 – Charles Tupper, shortest-serving Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
 1923 – Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
 1951 - Tom Perry, 14th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1879)
 1956 – Pio Baroja, Spanish writer (b. 1872)
 1957 - Fred Beebe, American baseball player (b. 1880)
 1961 – Luigi Einaudi, 2nd President of Italy (b. 1874)
 1963 - U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Indian politician (b. 1908)
 1965 - Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., American historian (b. 1888)
 1968 - Ramon Novarro, Mexican actor, singer and director (b. 1899)
 1968 - Conrad Richter, American writer and playwright (b. 1890)
 1968 - Rose Wilder Lane, American journalist and writer (b. 1886)
 1975 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist (b. 1887)
 1979 - Barnes Wallis, English scientist and engineer (b. 1887)
1979 - Rachele Mussolini, wife of Benito Mussolini (b. 1890)
 1985 - Kirby Grant, American actor (b. 1911)
 1993 - Paul Grégoire, Archbishop of Montreal (b. 1911)
 1997 – Samuel Fuller, American movie director (b. 1912)
 2000 – Steve Allen, American comedian, writer, and composer (b. 1921)
From 2001 
 2002 – Juan Antonio Bardem, Spanish director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
 2004 - Peggy Ryan, American actress (b. 1924)
 2005 - Shamsher Singh Sheri, Indian Communist leader (b. 1942)
 2006 - Junji Kinoshita, Japanese playwright (b. 1914)
 2007 – Robert Goulet, American entertainer (b. 1933)
 2009 - Juvenal Amarijo, Brazilian footballer (b. 1923)
 2009 – Claude Lévi-Strauss, French anthropologist (b. 1908)
 2010 – Harry Mulisch, Dutch writer (b. 1927)
 2013 - Ralph Tarrant, English supercentenarian (b. 1903)
 2014 - Thomas Menino, American politician, longest-serving Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts (b. 1942)
 2014 - Bob Geigel, American wrestling promoter (b. 1924)
 2015 - Mel Daniels, American basketball player (b. 1944)
 2015 - Al Molinaro, American actor (b. 1919)
 2016 - Tammy Grimes, American actress (b. 1934)
 2017 - Fred Beckey, American rock climber, mountaineer and writer (b. 1923)
 2017 - Frank Doran, Scottish politician (b. 1949)
 2017 - Kim Joo-hyuk, South Korean actor (b. 1972)
2017 - James D. Martin, American businessman and politician (b. 1918)
 2017 - Judy Martz, American politician, 22nd Governor of Montana (b. 1943)
 2017 - Melanmai Ponnusamy, Indian writer and journalist (b. 1951)
 2017 - Daniel Te'o-Nesheim, American football player (b. 1987)
 2017 - Daniel Viglietti, Uruguayan singer, guitarist, composer and activist (b. 1939)
 2018 - David Azulai, Israeli politician (b. 1954)
 2018 - Whitey Bulger, American criminal (b. 1929)
 2018 - Bill Fischer, American baseball player (b. 1930)
 2018 - María Irene Fornés, Cuban-American playwright (b. 1930)
 2018 - Jin Yong, Hong Kong essayist and journalist (b. 1924)
 2018 - Erika Mahringer, Austrian alpine skier (b. 1924)
 2018 - Beverly McClellan, American singer and musician (b. 1969)
 2018 - Teodoro Petkoff, Venezuelan journalist and politician (b. 1932)
 2018 - Sangharakshita, British Buddhist writer and educator (b. 1925)
 2018 - Bob Skoronski, American football player (b. 1934)
2019 - Russell Brookes, British rally driver (b. 1945)
 2019 - Ron Fairly, American baseball player and broadcaster (b. 1938)
 2019 - Jim Gregory, Canadian ice hockey coach and executive (b. 1935)
 2019 - William J. Hughes, American politician and diplomat (b. 1932)
 2019 - Mobolaji Johnson, Nigerian military officer and politician (b. 1936)
 2019 - Bernard Slade, Canadian-American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1930)
 2019 - Azam Taleghani, Iranian politician, activist and journalist (b. 1943)
 2019 - J. Bob Traxler, American politician (b. 1931)
Observances 
 Anniversary of the Declaration of the Slovak nation
 Mischief Night (United States)

Days of the year
A 'tiger is the largest living member of the cat family, the Felidae. It feeds by hunting. It lives in Asia, mainly India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Korea and Siberian Russia. Tigers are solitary animals.

 Appearance
Appearance  

There are tigers with distinct colors. Most tigers have orange fur with black stripes, and a white belly. The black stripes usually extend to the white underside. The stripes are used to keep them camouflaged while hunting. No two tigers have the same pattern of stripes. Most Bengal tigers have orange fur, but some Bengal tigers have white fur with black stripes, or that even have pure white fur. These white tigers are not albinos with red eyes. The white coat only appears once in every 100
births. The Bengal tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh and India.
                                                              
Tigers vary in size depending on their subspecies. Siberian tigers are the largest. Males can grow to at least  long (body length) and weigh about . Females are a bit smaller. Record weight for males is claimed as , but this cannot be confirmed.
Where they live
Tigers can live in a variety of habitats. Mostly they need to hide, to be near a water source, and have enough prey to eat. Tigers are solitary and they all control large amounts of territory, the size of which depends on the availability of  various food for tigers and prey. According to Tigers-World, a male tiger may live and hunt in an area of 60 to 100 square kilometers (23 to 39 square miles).  A female tiger may have 20 square kilometers (8 square miles).  According to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, a single tiger can live in a territory as small as 21 square kilometers (8 square miles) to as large as 995 square kilometers (385 square miles).  Bengal tigers in particular live in many types of forests. These include the wet, evergreen of Assam and eastern Bengal; the swampy mangrove forest of the Ganges Delta; the deciduous forest of Nepal, and the thorn forests of the Western Ghats.
Subspecies 
As previously thought, the tiger had five living subspecies. In this context, 'recently' means in the last two centuries. Three tiger subspecies are extinct (†). 
 Subspecies of Tiger (Panthera tigris)
 Bali tiger (Panthera tigris balica) †
 Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
 Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) †
 Indochinese tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti)
 Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) †
 Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni)
 Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
 South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis)
 Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)

However, in 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and recognized the tiger populations in continental Asia as P. t. tigris, and those in the Sunda Islands as P. t. sondaica''.
Tigers and humans 
Tigers are becoming rare, because people hunt them for their coat (skin) and destroy the habitats they live in. The Bengal tiger has the largest population with 3,500 left in the wild. To help keep the tiger population, tigers are often placed in zoos. In order for tigers to survive into the next century, governments throughout the tigers’ range must show greater determination and commitment to conserve tigers and their habitats.

Chinese tigers have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Body parts such as their whiskers and bones are used to treat things such as toothaches, malaria, and burns.
Tigers also kill and eat peoples' livestock, which are easier to hunt than their typical prey, because they are often in fenced or closed areas and livestock may not be able to flee. Sometimes tigers hunt people as prey and eat them, because they are either too old, injured, or ill to hunt their typical animal prey which are much faster than people. These too are a reason why tigers are killed by people.

Diet 
Tigers eat many types of prey, mostly ungulates. Some examples are deer, monkeys, wild rabbits, wild pigs, tapirs, water buffalo and other animals found in Asia. They also eat birds, reptiles and fish. They also prey on other predators, including dogs, leopards, bears, snakes and crocodiles. All are carnivores (meat eaters). Some tigers may eat up to  of meat a day. Tigers kill their prey by clamping down on the prey's throat and suffocating it.

References 

 
Felines
Big cats
1735 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.

Events
 January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera Ariodante plays at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.
 February 14 – The Order of St. Anna is started in Russia. It is in honour of the daughter of Peter the Great.
 April 13 – Emperor Sakuramachi takes the throne of Japan.
 Linnaeus publishes his Systema Naturae.
 Cobalt is discovered and isolated by Georg Brandt.
 First successful Appendectomy by French surgeon Claudius Aymand in London

 October 30 – John Adams
A leopard (Panthera pardus) is a big cat of the genus Panthera. It lives in Africa and Asia. An apex predator, it has a well-camouflaged fur (marked with rosettes), opportunistic hunting behaviour, stealthiness, elusiveness, broad diet, and strength. It adapts to many habitats from rainforest to steppe, including dry and montane areas.

The leopard is a secretive big cat. Unlike lions, leopards are solitary and do not live in groups. The adult males live separately, and the females live only with their cubs. Leopards live in habitats where there are some trees. They climb trees well, and do so regularly. They can carry prey up a tree and keep it safe from hyenas and lions. Trees are its main escape from attacks by lions or packs of dogs. It is an ambush predator, and operates best where it has some cover. Leopards come out to hunt in the afternoon or late at night.
The most similar cat in its lifestyle is the jaguar, which lives in Central and South America. Both leopards and jaguars that are melanistic are called black panthers.

Appearance 
Leopards generally have yellow fur with dark rosettes and spots, and a lighter colored underside. But there can be a lot of differences in the different leopard subspecies. There are also leopards who are completely black, those are also called black panthers. Male leopards are about 30% larger than female leopards.

Habitat 
Originally the leopard lived in all of Africa (but not in the Sahara) and southern Asia. But today many leopard subspecies, especially in Asia, are endangered. Leopards live in a lot of different environments: rainforests, forests, mountains and savannas.
Life style 
The leopard is mostly active at night. It is basically an ambush hunter. It can climb very well, and it stays up in trees a lot of its time. Leopards usually live alone and try not to meet other leopards. They only come together to mate. Young leopards leave their mothers after 13 – 18 months.

Hunting and diet 
Leopards hunt at different times, and they also use different methods for hunting. Most often leopards will secretly move towards their prey and attack it when they are close, or hide and wait for it to come close.
Leopards are versatile, opportunistic hunters, and have a very wide diet. Leopards are carnivores. Leopards are apex predators. They prey on antelope, zebras, warthogs, buffalo, wildebeest, wild boar and deer, but they also prey on rodents, hares, fish, birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, monkeys and even jackals. Leopards are the only natural predators of adult chimpanzees and gorillas, though probably not the large male silverback gorillas. Leopards do not usually eat humans, but sometimes leopards that are hurt or sick can attack and eat people when they do not have enough to eat. A leopard in India is believed to have eaten more than 125 people.

Subspecies 
There are nine subspecies of leopards recognized today, one in Africa and eight in Asia. They are:
African leopard P.p pardus
 Amur leopard P.p orientalis
 Arabian leopard P.p nimr
 Indian leopard P.p fusca
 Indo Chinese leopard P.p delacouri
 Javan leopard P.p melas
 North Chinese leopard P.p japonensis
 Persian leopard P.p saxicolor
 Sri Lankan leopard P.p kotiya

References 

Panthera
Mammals of Africa
Mammals of Asia
National symbols of Rwanda
National symbols of Somalia
Big cats
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a big cat (feline) of the genus Panthera. It lives in South and Central America.

The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion. It is also the largest and most powerful feline in the Western Hemisphere.

Because of its spots, jaguars look like leopards, though it is usually larger and stronger, and its behavior is more like that of a tiger. It likes to stay near water, and like the tiger, it is famous for being a big cat that enjoys swimming. It usually hunts alone.

The jaguar has a very powerful strong bite, even compared to other big cats. Because of its strong bite, jaguars can bite through armoured reptiles like caimans, crocodiles, turtles and tortoises. Jaguars kill their prey in an unusual way: they bite directly through the skull between the ears and into the brain.
Appearance 
Jaguars have yellow or sometimes yellow-orange fur with brown and black rosettes and spots. They are big and heavy and also have very strong muscles which makes them really powerful. They cannot climb well, but they can swim.

Sometimes there are jaguars who are completely black, but if you look closely you can still see the spots. They are called "black panther" or just "panther".
This is a 'colour morph' of the same species, a kind of polymorphism.

Habitat 
Jaguars live in South America and Central America. They mostly live in rainforests, but also in savannas, swamps, grasslands, forest, deserts and open areas.
Life 
Jaguars are not specialized with their food, but eat almost anything they get: big and small mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and livestock. It is an ambush predator. When hunting, they usually try to secretly get very close to the prey, and then the jaguar suddenly jumps at it and throws it down. The jaguar bites the skull of its prey to kill it. It then takes the prey to a safe place and eats it.

After a pregnancy of about 100 days the female gives birth to usually 1 - 4 babies. The young leave their family after 1–2 years, and they become mature at about 3 years. Jaguars can live up to 10–12 years old in freedom, but in captivity (such as in zoos) they can live to 20–22 years old.

References

Other websites 

 BBC videos on Jaguars 

Panthera
Mammals of South America
National symbols of Mexico
Big cats
A cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a medium large cat which lives in Africa. It is the fastest land animal and can run up to 112 kilometers per hour for a short time. Most cheetahs live in the savannas of Africa. There are a few in Asia. Cheetahs are active during the day, and hunt in the early morning or late evening.

Characteristics 
The cheetah compared to other big cats is light and slimly built. Its long thin legs and long spotted tail are necessary for fast running. Its lightly built, thin form is in sharp contrast with the robust build of other big cats. The head-and-body length ranges from . The cheetah stands 70 to 90 cm at the shoulder, and weighs .

The slightly curved claws are only weakly retractable (semi-retractable). This is a major point of difference between the cheetah and the other big cats, which have fully retractable claws.
Diet and behavior 
Cheetahs are active during the day, and hunt in the early morning or late evening. Cheetahs are carnivores. They prey on antelope, wildebeest, zebras, warthogs, hares, birds, rodents, snakes, fish, lizards and even jackals.

When the cheetah hunts, it slowly and secretly moves toward its prey. When it is close to the prey (about 10–30 meters), it runs after it very quickly. Cheetahs kill their prey by tripping it during the chase. To kill medium- to large-sized prey, the cheetah bites the prey's throat to suffocate it to death. A bite on the back of the neck or the snout is enough to kill smaller prey.

The cheetah cannot defend itself against lions or hyenas who would take the cheetah's prey away. The prey is taken to a shaded place. The cheetah, exhausted after the chase, rests beside the kill and pants heavily for some time. Once they recover, cheetahs eat quickly, and consume large quantities as soon as they can.
Reproduction 
Pregnant females give birth to about 3 to 5 cubs or kittens after three months pregnancy. It takes two years of full-time supervision by the mother before the cubs are ready to live independent lives. They need to learn how to catch prey, and that takes time. The young are vulnerable to larger predators: lions especially try to kill cheetahs.

Genetics 
The cheetah has unusually low genetic variability and a very low sperm count. Their sperms also suffer from deformed flagellae, and so their movement is damaged. Apparently, cheetahs went through a great reduction in numbers during the last ice age. Inbreeding after the event further reduced the variation (genetic drift).

Cheetah as a pet 

Due to the fact that cheetahs never attack and kill humans they were extremely popular as hunting pets since antiquity and especially in medieval times in the Near and Middle East.
In modern times, cheetahs probably are the most difficult wilds cats to have as pets, due to the necessity for wide open spaces for cheetah for them to run at full speed . It's very important to feed them properly, because cheetahs in captivity must eat only lean steamed meat so they do not get sick and perish.

Interesting facts 
The cheetah is the fastest land dweller.
The acceleration of a cheetah allows it to reach speeds of up to a hundred kilometers per hour in three seconds (its maximum speed is 112 kilometers per hour). The speed that a cheetah can develop from the start in three seconds cannot be matched by any sports racing car.

The nearest challenge to the cheetah's speed comes from the pronghorn and springbok.

References 

Felines
Mammals of Africa
Big cats
Up to 1900 
 98 - Trajan becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire.
 814 - Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne dies.
 1393 - King Charles VI of France narrowly escapes death when several dancers' costumes catch fire during a masquerade ball.
 1521 - The Diet of Worms begins.
 1547 – As a nine-year-old, Edward VI becomes King of England, following the death of his father, King Henry VIII of England.
 1573 - Articles of the Warsaw Confederation are signed, sanctioning freedom of religion in Poland.
 1624 – Thomas Warner founds a colony on Saint Kitts.
 1724 – The Russian Academy of the Sciences is founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia.
 1754 – Horace Walpole coins the word serendipity in a letter to Horace Mann.
 1813 – Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is first published.
 1820 – A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen first sights the Antarctic continent.
1821 - Bellingshausen's Antarctic expedition discovers an island just off the coast of Antarctica, which later becomes known as Alexander Island.
 1841 – James Clark Ross' Antarctic expedition discovers the Ross Ice Shelf.
 1846 - The Battle of Aliwal in India is won by British forces under Harry Smith.
 1855 – In Panama, a locomotive travels from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean for the first time.
 1870 - After leaving Halifax, Nova Scotia, British passenger steamer City of Boston disappears without trace in the North Atlantic Ocean, along with the 191 people on board.
 1871 - Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Paris ends in a French defeat and an armistice.
 1878 - The Yale Daily News becomes the first daily (meaning it is published every day) college newspaper in the United States.
 1878 - The first telephone box opens in New Haven, Connecticut.
 1887 – The world's largest snowflakes are recorded at Fort Keogh, Montana.
 1887 – Building of the Eiffel Tower begins.
1896 – Walter Arnold of East Peckham, Kent is the first person convicted of a speeding offence.
 1900 - The DFB, German Football Federation, is founded.
1901  2000 
 1908 - Some members of the Portuguese Republican Party fail in their attempted coup against the dictatorship of Joao Franco.
 1909 - US troops leave Cuba, except for Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, having been there since 1898.
 1915 - An Act of Congress creates the United States Coast Guard.
 1917 - City-owned streetcars take to the streets of San Francisco for the first time. 
 1918 – Finnish Civil War: Rebels seize Helsinki.
 1922 – The Knickerbocker Storm causes Washington, DC's biggest snowfall.
 1932 - Japanese forces attack Shanghai.
 1933 – Choudhary Rahmat Ali Khan chooses the name "Pakistan" on this date. Today it is one of the official national holidays of the 'Islamic Republic'.
 1933 – Kurt von Schleicher resigns as Chancellor of Germany and suggests to Paul von Hindenburg to name Adolf Hitler as the next Chancellor.
 1934 – The first ski tow in the United States begins operation in Vermont.
 1935 – Iceland legalises abortion.
1938 - Rudolf Caracciola sets the World Land Speed Record on a public road, with 432.7 kilometers per hour (268.9 miles per hour).
 1941 - French-Thai War: A Japanese-mediated armistice goes into effect.
 1945 - World War II: Supplies begin to reach the Republic of China over the newly re-opened Burma Road.
 1956 - Elvis Presley makes his first appearance on US television.
 1958 – The Lego company patents its now-famous toy bricks.
 1958 - The last episode of British radio show The Goon Show is broadcast.
 1959 – Thailand adopts a new constitution.
 1964 - An unarmed United States Air Force T-39 Sabreliner on a training misiion is shot down over Erfurt, then-East Germany, by a Soviet MiG-19.
 1965 – The design for the current Flag of Canada is chosen in an Act of Parliament.
 1977 – The Great Lakes Blizzard (snowstorm), lasting until February 1, affects parts of upstate New York.
 1979 - Pope John Paul II visits Mexico.
1980 - The ship USCGC Blackthorn collides with the tanker Capricorn off Tampa, Florida, killing 23 people.
 1982 - United States Army general James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian anti-terrorist forces.
 1984 - Tropical Storm Domoina makes landfall in Mozambique, where it causes widespread flooding and kills 214 people.
 1985 - Supergroup USA for Africa records the hit single We Are the World to help raise funds for Ethiopian famine relief.
 1986 – The Space Shuttle Challenger breaks up 73 seconds after lift off at Cape Canaveral, Florida, killing all 7 astronauts on board.
 1987 - Mikhail Gorbachev, in a speech, sets out plans for liberal reforms, including Perestroika and Glasnost.
From 2001 
 2002 – TAME Flight 120, a Boeing 727-100, crashes in the Colombian Andes, killing 92 people.
 2006 – At the Katowice International Fair in Poland, the roof of one of the buildings collapses, killing 65 people.
 2011 – 2011 Egyptian protests: Hundreds of thousands of people take to the streets in Egypt, in protest against Hosni Mubarak, who cuts internet access on the same day.
 2013 - Three days before her 75th birthday, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands announces her intention to give up the throne on April 30 of the same year, when Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange becomes the Netherlands' first king since 1890.
 2014 - After strong protests, Ukraine withdraws a controversial anti-protest law introduced over a week earlier.
 2014 - The United Nations Court in The Hague defines the maritime border between Peru and Chile.
 2017 - Serena Williams wins her 23rd Grand Slam tennis Singles title at the Australian Open, surpassing Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22.
Up to 1850 
 1225 – Saint Thomas of Aquinas (d. 1274).
 1312 - Joan II of Navarre (d. 1349).
 1453 - Simonetta Vespucci, Italian Renaissance figure (d. 1476).
 1457 – King Henry VII of England (d. 1509).
 1507 - Ferrante Gonzaga, Viceroy of Sicily (d. 1557).
 1533 - Paul Luther, German physician and son of Martin Luther (d. 1593).
 1540 - Ludolph von Ceulen, German mathematician (d. 1610).
 1582 - John Barclay, Scottish writer (d. 1621).
 1600 – Pope Clement IX (d. 1669).
 1608 - Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian physiologist and physicist (d. 1679).
 1611 – Johannes Hevelius, Polish astronomer and Mayor of Gdansk (d. 1687).
 1622 - Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (d. 1691).
 1701 - Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774).
 1706 – John Baskerville, English writer and printmaker (d. 1775).
 1712 – Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (d. 1761).
 1717 – Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1774).
 1719 - Johann Elias Schlegel, German critic and poet (d. 1749).
1768 – King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway (d. 1669).
 1784 – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1860).
 1806 - William Aitken, Jr., Governor of South Carolina (d. 1887).
 1807 - Robert McClure, Irish seafarer and explorer (d. 1873).
 1809 - Theodor Benfey, German philologist (d. 1881).
 1815 - Andrew Jackson Hamilton, 12th Governor of Texas (d. 1875).
 1818 - George S. Boutwell, 20th Governor of Massachusetts and 28th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1905).
 1822 – Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1892).
 1833 – Charles George Gordon, British general (d. 1885).
 1838 - James Craig Watson, American astronomer (d. 1880).
 1841 – Henry Morton Stanley, Welsh-born explorer, journalist and colonialist (d. 1904).
1851  1900 
 1853 - Jose Marti, Cuban revolutionary (d. 1891).
 1853 - Vladimir Solovyov, Russian philosopher (d. 1890).
 1858 - Tannatt William Edgworth David, Welsh-born Australian geologist and explorer (d. 1934).
 1858 - Stoyan Danev, Prime minister of Bulgaria (d. 1949).
 1863 - Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (d. 1918).
 1864 - Charles W. Nash, American automobile entrepreneur (d. 1948).
 1864 - Herbert Akroyd Stuart, English inventor (d. 1927).
 1865 – Kaarlo Juho Stahlberg, 1st President of Finland (d. 1952).
 1865 - Lala Lajpat Rai, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1928).
 1872 - Otto Braun, Prussian politician (d. 1955).
 1873 – Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette, French writer (d. 1954).
 1875 - Julian Carrillo, Mexican composer, conductor, violinist and music theorist (d. 1965).
 1884 – Auguste Piccard, Swiss scientist (d. 1962).
 1884 – Jean Piccard, Swiss scientist (d. 1963).
 1886 – Marthe Bibesco, Romanian writer (d. 1973).
 1886 - Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese electrical engineer (d. 1976).
1887 - Arthur Rubinstein, Polish pianist (d. 1982).
 1889 - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Catalan Bishop of Urgel, Spanish Co-Prince Andorra (d. 1972).
 1890 - Robert Stroud, American convict, "Birdman of Alcatraz" (d. 1963)
 1891 – Bill Doak, American baseball player (d. 1954).
 1892 – Ernst Lubitsch, German director (d. 1947).
 1897 - Valentin Kataev, Soviet dramatist (d. 1986).