Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Irkutsk is a city in Russia and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast. It was founded in 1661. It is named after the Irkut River.  It is one of the largest cities in Siberia.

References

1661 establishments
Cities and towns in Irkutsk Oblast
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Fleetwood is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England. It lies at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 26,840 people at the 2001 Census. It is part of the Blackpool Urban Area. The town was the first planned place of the Victorian age.  In the twentieth century, Fleetwood was a major deep-sea fishing port, but, since the 1970s, the fishing industry has declined. The town has slowly become poor.  Fleetwood is also a seaside resort.

References

Other websites

Towns in Lancashire
Wyre
Port cities and towns of England
The Fylde is a coastal plain in western Lancashire, England.  It is 13-mile (20-kilometre) square-shaped peninsula. It is bounded by Morecambe Bay to the north, the Ribble estuary to the south, the Irish Sea to the west, and the Bowland hills to the east. The eastern boundary is near the M6 motorway.

Peninsulas of the United Kingdom
Lancashire
The Pakistan Muslim League was founded in 1962, as a successor to the previously disbanded Muslim League in Pakistan. Unlike the original PML which ended in 1958 when General Ayub Khan banned all political parties, each subsequent Muslim League was in some way propped by the military dictators of the time: Ayub Khan, General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf. Every time the pro-establishment political leaders were put together, who splintered apart when the general's blessings faded away. 

Currently, Pakistan Muslim League refers to any of the these political parties in Pakistan:

 Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML-N, the Nawaz Sharif group, ordinarily recognized as original Muslim League was named so after separartion of PML(Q). Formed as PML (Fida Mohammad Khan) in 1988 when it split from Junejo's PML in 1988 after Zia's demise. The new party had Fida Khan as its president and Nawaz Sharif as general secretary. PML-N represents the largest group within Muslim League.
Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q, the Quaid-e-Azam group, formed by Mian Muhammad Azhar in 2001 at the behest of the establishment with other like-minded leaders of PMLN including Syeda Abida Hussain, Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri and Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain. Presently headed by Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain when he outmaneuvered Mian Azhar to become the president. Officially called Pakistan Muslim League, after the 2004 unification of many smaller PML factions (some of them listed below) and other regional parties.
Pakistan Muslim League (F)|PML-F, the Functional Muslim League or Pir Pagaro group, first formed in 1973 when Council and Convention Leagues merged (without Qayyum Muslim League, which was allied with PPP-led government) and elected Pir Pagaro as president. Later on, General Zia got all the Muslim Leagues together, but installed Muhammad Khan Junejo as PML president. Feeling uncomfortable, Pagaro left the party and made his own in 1985. Functional League as it was called merged with PMLQ in 2004 under the patronage of General Musharraf, but Pagaro separated again after a few months to form his own league.
Pakistan Muslim League (J)|PML-J, the Muhammad Khan Junejo group. Officially formed in 1985 as Pakistan Muslim League when General Zia-ul-Haq's government cobbled together many factions of PML and installed Junejo as its president. It was re-formed as PML-Junejo after Junejo's death in 1993 by Hamid Nasir Chattha, Manzoor Wattoo, and Iqbal Ahmed Khan when Nawaz Sharif became president of his own league. Hamid Chattha became the president and Iqbal Ahmed Khan the general secretary. It merged with PML-Q in 2004.
 Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah)|PML-Jinnah, the Jinnah group, founded in 1995 by Manzoor Wattoo after differences with Hamid Chattha. It merged with PML-Q in 2004. Plans to be revived.

Historically, Pakistan Muslim League can also refer to any of the following political parties in Pakistan:
Muslim League (Pakistan), the Pakistani branch of the Muslim League, which was disbanded and replaced by the Pakistan Muslim League.
 Convention Muslim League, a political platform created by General Ayub Khan in 1962 when he became the President.
 Council Muslim League, a party created by political leaders who opposed General Ayub Khan.
 Qayyum Muslim League, a party created by Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan when he split with the Council Muslim League to run for the 1970 general elections.
Recently Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Q) made headlines when on 31 December 2007, armed men belonging to the party kidnapped the human rights lawyer, Asma Jahangirs daughters who were in company of some friends, at gun point and brought them to the PML-Q main election office. The girls were detained illegally, abused, severely beaten. Asma's youngest daughter was then dragged off to a separate room by some of the gunmen. Asma Jahangir only barely managed to rescue her daughters and their friends and called the police for assistance. The girls had been out filing ripped and torn election posters in Lahore City in the aftermath of the assassination of Benezir Bhutto. The police took the side of the gunmen, insisting that the girls hand over the tape, or else they would be kidnapped, raped and killed.

References 

Muslim League
Leon Redbone (born Dickran Gobalian; August 26, 1949 – May 30, 2019) was a Cypriot-American singer, actor and guitarist. He played mostly jazz and blues.

Redbone sang the theme to the television series Mr. Belvedere.  He was a semi-regular musical guest on NBC's Saturday Night Live throughout the late 1970s. He last appeared on the show in 1983.  During the 1980s and '90s, Redbone was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. He has also been a guest on A Prairie Home Companion (radio broadcast). 

Redbone voiced a fake snowman version of himself in the 2003 comedy Christmas movie Elf.

He retired in May 2015 due to health issues. Redbone died under hospice care in New Hope, Pennsylvania on May 30, 2019 at the age of 69. The cause was problems from dementia.
Studio albums
On the Track (1975)
Double Time (1977)
Champagne Charlie (1978)
From Branch to Branch (1981)
Red to Blue (1985)
Christmas Island (1987)
No Regrets (1988)
Sugar (1990)
Up a Lazy River (1992)
Whistling in the Wind (1994)
Any Time (2001)

References

1949 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Cypriot writers
American singer-songwriters
American jazz singers
American blues singers
American jazz musicians
American blues musicians
American guitarists
Singers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Pennsylvania
Musicians from Pennsylvania
Warner Bros. Records artists
The Yarmouth Clam Festival is a yearly event in Yarmouth, Maine. It started in 1965 to raise money for around forty local non-profit organizations, churches, and school groups. The event lasts three days. It is held the third weekend in July.

Yarmouth has around 9,000 people.  During the Festival the town has about 120,000 people visit over the course of the weekend.

No festival has been held since 2020 on grounds of COVID-19 pandemic.

References

Festivals in the United States
Maine
1965 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Maine
July events
"Fireflies" is an electropop song by Owl City. The song has reached #1 status on the Canada SoundScan, Danish Singles Chart, Dutch Top 40 and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

References 

2009 songs
Electropop songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Steve Kerr (born September 27, 1965 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a retired NBA basketball player that played for the Phoenix Suns from 1988 to 1989, Cleveland Cavaliers from 1989 to 1992, Orlando Magic from 1992 to 1993, Chicago Bulls from 1993 to 1998, San Antonio Spurs from 1998 to 2001 and again in 2002 to 2003 and the Portland Trail Blazers from 2001–2002. He played college basketball at the University of Arizona and was drafted by the Phoenix Suns with the 50th overall pick in the second round of the 1988 NBA Draft. Kerr won the NBA Championship five times, three times with the Chicago Bulls and twice with the San Antonio Spurs. His father who was an academic who specialized in the Middle East was assassinated by suspected militant nationalists in Beirut where Steve was born. Steve also has two cousins Jeff and Tom. Jeff writes for the Daily Local in West Chester PA. Tom is an accountant

Other websites
Steve Kerr's NBA player profile
1965 births
American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Orlando Magic players
Phoenix Suns players
Portland Trail Blazers players
San Antonio Spurs players
Living people
Mark Oliver Everett (born 10 April 1963) is an American singer and musician. He is better known by his alternate persona Mr. E or Eels. He began calling himself Mr E. as a teenager because it sounded "mysterious." Also, many of his friends made fun of him because his initials spelled out "MOE". Evert is best known for his rock band, Eels.

Unlike most rock bands, Eels rarely plays with the same combinations of members twice. Mark Everett is the only constant member. He is the only one who plays on every single album and live show. All other members are friends of his who add other instruments to the albums and concerts. Most of them are in other bands, such as Aysa and Chloe from the pop band Smoosh. Many do not use their real names, as Everett does. For example, bassist Koool G Murder performed on the albums Souljacker and Hombre Lobo, and has played bass at most shows on the tours for both albums.
Each Eels concert is different. Most feature the members who perform the song on the album playing the instruments that they did on that song. Many are acoustic sets. Everett sings and plays piano all by himself. A lot of songs that Eels perform live are covers (songs written by other people), and songs that have never appeared on any albums.

Everett's life
Mark Everett's father was Hugh Everett III, a scientist who was the first person to propose the idea that our universe is just one of several connected "alternate" universes. At the time (1954), no one believed Everett, and he considered himself a failure. He died when Mark was 19.
Mark's first album was called Bad Dude in Love (1985). It was self-released, meaning that Everett recorded and designed the packaging for the entire album all on his own, selling only five hundred copies to a few friends. That album was the first and last to be released under his full name, Mark Oliver Everett. His next album, A Man Called E (1992) was released only as E, and sold many more copies than Bad Dude in Love. Because many critics did not know who E was, they were confused by the album's title, but the album still sold well.

Everett's next album as E was Broken Toy Shop (1993). The cover art, which depicts Everett sitting in the center of a toy city, has been said to be his least favorite album cover out of all his releases. This would be Everett's last album using his real name or his pseudonym E, as Eels' first album, Beautiful Freak, featuring bassist Tommy Walter and drummer Butch, was released in 1996.
In 1998, Everett became the only living member of his family after his mother died of lung cancer. His sister had died of suicide in 1996. He wrote 16 songs about his sadness that later became his next Eels album, Electro-Shock Blues, featuring Butch from the last album. Butch and Everett would also be the only members to appear on 2000's Daisies of the Galaxy.

In 2001, Everett participated in a philosophical vacation on which he was not alllowed to write or speak for religious reasons. Finding himself inspired, he broke the rules and wrote 12 songs that would later become Souljacker, with Koool G Murder, Butch, Joe Gore, John Parish, and Adam Siegel. During this time, he had stopped shaving, and his beard had begun to grow very long, as shown in this picture. Today, Everett’s beard is even longer, and the most recent Eels album (Hombre Lobo – Spanish for werewolf, featuring Koool G Murder and Knuckles) features songs that Everett wrote about how the beard made him look and feel more “dangerous.”
In addition to these studio albums, Eels has also released one Best Of collection, six live albums, two collections of unreleased material, a book by Everett about his father (and a subsequent documentary film that aired on BBC), and has written songs for eleven movies, including all three Shrek films.

Discography
Beautiful Freak (1996, DreamWorks Records)
Electro-Shock Blues (1998, DreamWorks)
Daisies of the Galaxy (2000, DreamWorks)
Souljacker (2002, DreamWorks)
I Am the Messiah (a parody of hip-hop music released by E under the name “MC Honky” – 2003, SpinART Records)
Shootenanny! (2003, DreamWorks)
Blinking Lights and Other Revelations (2005, Vagrant Records)
Hombre Lobo (2009, Vagrant)

References 

American drummers
American pianists
American rock guitarists
Musicians from Virginia
Singers from Virginia
1963 births
Living people
Grendel is one of the three antagonists in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf (AD 700–1000). Grendel is usually taken to be some kind of monster, but he is like a human in some ways. 

In the poem, Grendel is feared by all but Beowulf, who kills him and his mother at the end of the poem. He is the descendant of the biblical murderer Cain.

Grendel, a novel by John C. Gardner, was published in 1971. It tells much of the Beowulf story as if Grendel himself were talking.

References

Monsters
A Category 5 hurricane is a hurricane with winds over 156 mph. This is a list of the Category 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean. There are no records of a Category 5 hurricane before 1900; equipment was not as good before that.  The season with the most Category 5 hurricanes was in 2005, which had four. The most consecutive years with at least one Category 5 hurricane were 2016 to 2019.

Category 5 hurricanes are very destructive and many Category 5 hurricanes get their names retired after the season.  Of the named Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes only four of them have not had their name retired, the four names are: Carol (1953) although Carol was retired after 1954, Edith (1971), Emily (2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005), and Lorenzo (2019).

Category 5 hurricanes

This is the list. It is ordered by the year of the Category 5 hurricane.

Other websites
 NHC web site

Weather lists
Jump River is a town of Taylor County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  311 people were living in Jump River as of 2000.  Jump River has an area of 36 square miles.

References

Towns in Wisconsin
Taylor County, Wisconsin
Bulletproof Monk is an action movie starring Chow Yun-Fat. It is loosely based on the comic book by Michael Avon Oeming.

2003 action movies
American superhero movies
La Roux (pronounced /laˈruː/) is a British electropop synth duo made up of singer-songwriter and keyboardist Elly Jackson, and synth player, co-writer and co-producer Ben Langmaid. Their music is influenced by 1980s synthpop including Yazoo, The Human League, Heaven 17 and Blancmange.

Career 
Since 2008, La Roux has released a few singles. including Bulletproof, which debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. They released a self-titled album in 2009. It received a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album in 2011. Their next album Trouble in Paradise is going to be released on July 7 2014. It will have a more acoustic sound.

References 

English pop music groups
Electronic music bands
A Granny Smith apple is a sour tasting green apple. Granny Smiths are crisp, juicy, tart apples which are excellent for eating raw and cooking with.

Apples
A metal detector is a tool a person can use to help find metal nearby. It is useful for finding metal within other objects, or for finding metal underground. Most metal detectors will make a sound or have a needle move on a sensor in order to show where objects are. This tells how close you are to an object - for example, by making a higher-pitched sound when you are closer to an object.

History of the metal detector
Alexander Graham Bell invented a kind of metal detector in 1881 when he was trying to find the bullet in President James Garfield's body after he had been shot. The metal detector worked but it was confused between the bullet and a coiled bed-spring on which the President lay. 

Gerhard Fischer made a better version in the 1920s but the detector got confused when someone was approaching ore-bearing rocks. He was given a patent in 1925. A businessman named Shirl Herr had earlier tried to get a patent for a metal detector but was not given one until 1928.
Uses
A metal detector can be used by archaeologists for finding things like metallic coins, bullets, and jewellery underneath or inside a surface.

Archaeology
Measuring tools
Yom Kippur is a Jewish festival. It is also known as the Day of Atonement. It lasts 25 hours. During this period, Jews ask God to forgive them for all their sins. People fast on this day, and they go to synagogue. Other things people are not allowed to do during Yom Kippur include washing, using perfumes and lotions. Many wear white as a symbol of purity. Even though people fast, Yom Kippur is considered a happy holiday. This is because Jews are sure that God will forgive them on this day.
Yom Kippur is the tenth day of the month of Tishrei in the Hebrew calendar. In Jewish tradition, God writes the fate of each person for the coming year into a "book" on Rosh Hashanah. God waits until Yom Kippur to "seal" the book. During the days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, Jews try to improve their behavior. They ask God to forgive them for sins against God. They also ask each other to forgive them for anything they did to hurt each other. The evening and day of Yom Kippur are used for public and private confessions of guilt (Vidui). At the end of Yom Kippur, Jews consider themselves absolved by God.
The Yom Kippur prayer service includes several special parts. One of them is the number of prayer services. A regular day has three prayer services (Ma'ariv, the evening prayer; Shacharit, the morning prayer; and Mincha, the afternoon prayer). A Shabbat or major Jewish holiday has four prayer services (these three plus Musaf, the additional prayer). Yom Kippur has a fifth prayer service: Ne'ilah, the closing prayer. All five prayer services include a public confession of sins (Vidui). The additional (Musaf) prayer includes a prayer dedicated to the special Yom Kippur avodah (service) of the High Priest in the Temple in Jerusalem.

Yom Kippur is one of the holiest of Jewish holidays. It is observed by many Jews who do not observe other holidays. More people come to synagogue on Yom Kippur than on any other day of the year.

Dates 
 2017: 29-30 September
 2018: 18-19 September
 2019: 8-9 October
 2020: 27-28 September
 2021: 15-16 September
 2022: 4-5 October

Jewish festivals and holidays
The subsolar point on a planet is when its Sun looks like it is directly overhead (in zenith). For planets with a rotation like the Earth's, the subsolar point will move westward, circling the globe once a day.

Astronomy
Earth
Hurricane Dennis was the second hurricane and the first major hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Dennis struck in the United States near where Hurricane Ivan less than a year before. On July 10 Dennis became the strongest hurricane before August, this record was held by Hurricane Audrey in 1957, meaning the record was not beaten for 48 years. Only six days later, July 16, Hurricane Emily became stronger then Dennis, therefore beating the record again. Dennis left 89 deaths and $4 billion in damage.

Retirement 

Because the damage was heavy the name Dennis was retired. In 2011 the name Don is on the list instead. 

2005 Atlantic hurricane season
History of Grenada
2000s in Haiti
2000s in Jamaica
2005 in Cuba
2005 in Florida
2005 in Alabama
2005 in Mississippi
2000s in Tennessee
Retired tropical cyclone names
A black dwarf is a kind of star.  A black dwarf is made when a white dwarf star becomes too cold.  When it is cold enough, it can no longer make large amounts of heat and light. The star will get darker and become black.  Scientists are not certain if black dwarfs can exist because it takes longer than the age of the universe (13.8 billion years) for a white dwarf to become one.

Formation

A white dwarf is made from a medium or small-sized star (any star less than nine or ten times the size of the sun) when it uses all of its fuel. After the star uses its fuel, it is a very tight ball of gasses. Then, it gets colder and colder, until it stops making light and heat, when it becomes a black dwarf. Scientists are not sure how long this takes. Some think it takes 1,000,000 billion years, but others think it could be longer. Scientists do not believe that black dwarf stars can exist right now because the universe is only 13.8 billion years old.

References

Types of stars
Hurricane Frances was the sixth tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Frances was one of the four hurricanes to have a major impact of the U.S. state of Florida in 2004. Frances made landfall near the same location Hurricane Jeanne would make landfall in about two weeks later. Frances caused about 101 tornadoes from Florida to Virginia. Frances left 49 deaths and $12 billion in damage.

Retirement

Because of the damage it caused in the United States, the name Frances was retired in the spring of 2005 by the World Meteorological Organization, and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. In 2010 the name Fiona is on the list instead.

Frances
Frances
2004 in Florida
Frances
A patent troll is an unkind phrase used to describe a company or person that owns a patent and tries to get other people to pay a lot of money for the right to use the patent. The patent troll usually asks for an amount of money that is less than defending a lawsuit. 

A patent troll is different from other patent owners for two reasons. First, the patent troll usually does not make or sell any products itself. Second, a patent troll is also not usually the inventor.  The patent troll instead buys the patent from other companies, and, usually, very cheap because the other company was going out of business.

Patent trolls make a lot of people unhappy because the money paid is a lot like a tax. The term troll itself is meant to invoke the image from fairy tales of a mean monster living under a bridge that makes people pay to cross the bridge.

Intellectual property law
Marek Heinz (born 4 August 1977) is a Czech football player. He plays for Kapfenberger SV.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996/97||Sigma Olomouc||Gambrinus liga||4||0
|-
|1996/97||Atlantic Lázně Bohdaneč||||8||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Sigma Olomouc||rowspan="3"|Gambrinus liga||23||4
|-
|1998/99||28||9
|-
|1999/00||15||4

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||26||4
|-
|2001/02||15||1
|-
|2002/03||11||0
|-
|2002/03||Arminia Bielefeld||Bundesliga||14||0

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Baník Ostrava||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||30||19
|-
|2004/05||2||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Borussia Mönchengladbach||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||20||1
|-
|2005/06||3||0

|-
|2005/06||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||18||3

|-
|2006/07||Saint-Étienne||Ligue 1||28||4
|-
|2007/08||Nantes Atlantique||Ligue 2||16||1

|-
|2008/09||Brno||Gambrinus liga||21||2

|-
|2009/10||Kapfenberger SV||Bundesliga||||
131||41
89||6
18||3
44||5
0||0
282||55
|}

International career statistics
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||2||1
|-
|2004||14||2
|-
|2005||7||2
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
!Total||30||5
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Gakuya Horii (born 3 July 1975) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Ventforet Kofu||Football League||15||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|1999||J. League 2||34||7||2||2||2||1||38||10
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||35||7||2||3||1||0||38||10
|-
|2001||31||10||0||0||2||1||33||11
|-
|2001||rowspan="5"|Consadole Sapporo||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||1||0||0||0||0||6||1
|-
|2002||14||1||1||0||5||0||20||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||41||8||3||2||colspan="2"|-||44||10
|-
|2004||33||1||4||2||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2005||11||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||2
|-
|2006||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 1||16||1||0||0||3||0||19||1
236||39||14||9||13||2||263||50
236||39||14||9||13||2||263||50
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Yamanashi Prefecture
The House of Bonaparte was an imperial and royal European dynasty founded by Napoleon I of France in 1804, a Corsican military leader who rose to power and transformed the French Republic into the French Empire. The dynasty ruled from 1804 to 1815 and again from 1852 to 1870.

Napoleon I of France 

Napoleon Bonaparte is the most significant person associated with the Bonaparte family because he created the First French Empire that conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. He was elected as first consul of France on November 10, 1799 with the help of his brother, Lucien Bonaparte, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred. He later crowned himself Emperor of the French in December 2, 1804 and King of Italy in May 26 1805. He then made his elder brother Joseph (1768–1844) king of Naples (1806–1808) and then of Spain (1808–1813), his third brother Louis, king of Holland (1806–1810), and his youngest brother Jerome Bonaparte, king of Westphalia(1807-1813).
Napoleon's son Napoleon François Charles Joseph (1811–1832) was created king of Rome (1811–1814) and was later styled Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication. Charles Louis Napoléon (1808–1873), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 and emperor in 1852 until 1870, reigning as Napoléon III. A political movement for Corsican independence surfaced in the 1990s which included a Bonapartist restoration in its programme.

Crowns held by the family

Emperors of the French 

 Napoleon I (1804–1814, 1815), also King of Italy (1805–1814)
 Napoleon II (1815), styled King of Rome from birth, but never reigned
 Napoleon III (1852–1870), nephew of Napoleon I and son of Louis I of Holland

Kings of Holland 
 Louis I (1806–1810)
 Louis II (1810), also Grand Duke of Berg (1809–1813)

Kings of Naples 
 Joseph I (1806–1808)
 Joachim I (1808–1815), also Grand Duke of Berg (1806–1808)

King of Westphalia 
 Jérôme I (1807–1813)
King of Spain 
 Joseph I (1808–1813)

Grand Duchess of Tuscany 
 Elisa Bonaparte (1809–1814)

House of Bonaparte
Bonaparte, House of
1804 establishments in Europe
1815 disestablishments
1852 establishments
1870 disestablishments
1850s establishments in Europe
1870s disestablishments in Europe
1810s disestablishments in Europe
Li Lianjie (born April 26, 1963), better known by his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese-born Singaporean martial artist, retired Wushu champion, actor, film producer, and philanthropist. He is widely regarded as one of the most  iconic Chinese film stars and one of the most renowned martial arts stars of his generation.

Li began practising Wushu at the age of eight. Between 1974 and 1979, he won the title of Men's All-Around National Wushu Champion five times. Li is a master of several styles of Wushu, especially Chángquán (Northern Longfist Style) and Fānziquán (Tumbling Fist). He has mastered Wushu's main weapons, such as the Sanjiegun (Three Section Staff), Gùn, Dao (Broadsword), and Jian (Straight Sword). He has also studied other arts including Baguazhang (Eight Trigram Palm), Taijiquan (Supreme Ultimate Fist), Xing Yi Quan (Shape Intent Fist), Zui Quan (Drunken Fist), Ying Zhao Quan (Eagle Claw Fist) and Tanglangquan (Praying Mantis Fist).
After retiring from competitive Wushu at age 18, Li went on to win great acclaim as an actor. His most notable Chinese films include Shaolin Temple (1982), the first three films in the Once Upon a Time in China series (1991–1993), the Fong Sai-yuk series (1993), Fist of Legend (1994), Hero (2002), Fearless (2006), and The Warlords (2007). His movie career in China is credited with reviving Wushu in Hong Kong martial arts films during the 1990s, and revitalising the Shaolin Temple. Li is also noted for his contribution to making new Wuxia films popular internationally during his career. His most notable non-Chinese films include  Lethal Weapon 4 (1998), Romeo Must Die (2000), Kiss of the Dragon (2001), The One (2001), Cradle 2 the Grave (2003), and Unleashed (2005). He also starred alongside Jackie Chan in The Forbidden Kingdom (2008).
After a long movie career, in 2007 Li turned to philanthropy. He founded the One Foundation, an independent fundraising foundation in mainland China which mainly focuses on natural disaster relief, environmental protection, medical treatment, education and poverty problems. Since the start of the foundation, Li has been involved with recovery efforts in seven disasters, including the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the 2008 Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan, and the 2013 Lushan earthquake in Ya’an, Sichuan. Li also subsequently founded Taiji Zen, an online health and wellness program providing instruction in meditation and Tai chi.

Movies

References

Other websites 

1963 births
Living people
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese voice actors
People who lost Chinese citizenship
Chinese martial artists‎
Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel (Sciurillus pusillus) is a very small squirrel species from South America. It is the only living member of the genus Sciurillus and the subfamily Sciurillinae.

Squirrels
Mammals of South America
I'm Breathless - Music from and Inspired by the movie Dick Tracy is the second soundtrack album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on May 22, 1990, by Sire Records.

Track listing

1990 albums
Madonna albums
Pop albums
Jazz albums
Burnout Legends is the fifth game in the popular Burnout franchise, specifically released for the PlayStation Portable on September 13, 2005, and the Nintendo DS on November 29, 2005.

References

Notes

2005 video games
Racing video games
PlayStation Portable games
Nintendo DS games
Like A Virgin is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on November 12, 1984 by Sire Records.

Track listing

1984 albums
Madonna albums
Dance-pop albums
Disco albums
Synth-pop
Blue is a small unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Arizona.  It is in Greenlee County.

The community was first named for Nat Whittum, an original settler who was killed at the site in 1891. A post office was made at Whittum in 1894.  Its name was changed to Blue in 1898.  It is close to the Blue River.

Unincorporated communities in Arizona
Ricardo Luiz Zonta (born March 23, 1976 in Curitiba) is a Brazilian racecar driver.

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Curitiba
Jenson Alexander Lyons Button, MBE (born 19 January 1980 in Frome, Somerset) is a British Formula One driver currently signed to McLaren Mercedes. Button won the Formula One World Drivers' Champion in 2009. His father John Button (1943–2014) was a racing driver.

Formula One
In 2000, Button joined the BMW WilliamsF1 Team at the age of 20, with Ralf Schumacher. He became the youngest driver to score a point at the Brazilian Grand Prix. He scored points six times during 2000, his highest place finish being in Germany where he finished fourth. His highest place on the grid for the start of the race was 3rd position in Belgium. He scored 12 points that year, and finished 8th in the championship.
In 2001, he changed teams to the Benetton team, and raced alongside Giancarlo Fisichella. He did not have much success. His best finish was 5th place at Hockenheim. Some people thought that Button would move teams because of his bad results, but stayed at the team for 2002, which was now called Renault. His results were much better than in 2001, scoring in the points many times and doing better than his teammate Jarno Trulli. He almost scored a podium result in Barcelona, but could not finish the race. Even though Button was doing well, Briatore signed Fernando Alonso for 2003, and Button had to find a new team. In July 2002, he signed for the BAR team, and would race with Jacques Villeneuve, who won the championship in 1997. Button finished the season in seventh with fourteen points, just ahead of Trulli.

Racing record

Career summary

 Season in progress.

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Season in progress.
 Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed.

References

Other websites 

 Official website

1980 births
Living people
English Formula One drivers
Formula One current
Sportspeople from Somerset
British American Racing was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005.  BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell, and used Supertec engines for their first year. Subsequently they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years.

Complete Formula One results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)

Formula One constructors
Bruce Leslie McLaren (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a race-car designer, driver, engineer and inventor. he was born on 30 August 1937 Auckland, New Zealand. Bruce McLaren was the founder of the company McLaren. As a child Bruce McLaren was interested in vehicles.  While growing up he spent all of his spare time in his parents workshop, around all the vehicles. Over time Bruce McLaren developed his interest on vehicles. Bruces parents Les McLaren and Ruth Mclaren owned a service station in Remura Rd, Remura. Les McLaren had been interested in motorcycles and had, had  an injury before Bruce was born, which put an end to his motorcycling hobby.

Bruce McLarens races 
in 1952 young bruce was only 14 and had entered his first race in an Austin 7 Ulster. It was a hillclimb. Two years later he took part in a proper race in a Ford 10.
Death 
Bruce McLaren died while testing out one of his cars. The car had no wing causing the car to flip and crash. The engine of the car rammed into Bruce McLaren. The car then went up in flames. All this happened at the Goodwood Circuit.

1937 births
1970 deaths
Deaths in sport
Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Auckland
Sir Stirling Craufurd Moss OBE (17 September 1929 – 12 April 2020) was an English racing driver.  His success in a variety of categories placed him among the world's elite – he was often called "the greatest driver never to win the World Championship". In 1957 he won the Pescara Grand Prix. Moss was knighted in 1999. He was born in London.

In December 2016, Moss was hospitalized in Singapore with a serious chest infection. As a result, Moss announced his retirement from public life in January 2018.

Moss died on 12 April 2020 at his home in Mayfair, London after a long-illness at the age of 90.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Disease-related deaths in London
Sportspeople from London
English Formula One drivers
Christijan Albers () (born April 16, 1979 in Eindhoven) is a Dutch racing driver. After success in the DTM he drove in Formula One from  until the 2007 British Grand Prix, shortly after which he was dropped by his Spyker F1 team. In 2008, he returned to the DTM-series as a driver for the Audi Futurecom TME-team.

References 

1979 births
Living people
Dutch racecar drivers
Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Eindhoven
Michele Alboreto (23 December 1956 – 25 April 2001) was an Italian racing driver. He was born in Milan. He is famous for finishing runner up to Alain Prost in the 1985 Formula One World Championship, as well as winning the 1997 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2001 12 Hours of Sebring sports car races. Alboreto competed in Formula One from  until , racing for a number of teams, most notably the Ferrari factory team.

He was killed in an accident on a racetrack in Klettwitz, Brandenburg, Germany.

1956 births
2001 deaths

Deaths in sport
Italian Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Milan
Satoru Nakajima (Japanese name: 中嶋 悟 ; born February 23, 1953) is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as a racecar driver.

He is the father of two sons who are also racecar drivers.  Kazuki Nakajima and Daisuke Nakajima are each Formula One competitors.

References

1953 births
Living people
Japanese Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Aichi Prefecture
James Blunt (born James Hillier Blount, 22 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter whose debut album, Back to Bedlam, and single  releases, especially "You're Beautiful", brought him to fame in 2005. His repertoire is a mix of pop, rock and acoustic-tinged soft rock. Recording for Linda Perry's independent American label Custard Records, Blunt won two BRIT Awards and two Ivor Novello Awards, and was nominated for five Grammy Awards in 2006. He released his second album All The Lost Souls, in 2007. James Blunt was also in the British Army until 2002.

Discograp                                                                                                                                                                 to Bedlam (2004)
 Free Da Problem (2007)
 Some Kind of Trouble (2010)
 Moon Landing (2013)

Awards

Grammy Awards
Grammy Awards

|-
| rowspan=5 | 2007 || James Blunt || Best New Artist || 
|-
| rowspan=3 | "You're Beautiful" || Record of the Year|| 
|-
| Song of the Year || 
|-
| Best Male Pop Vocal Performance || 
|-
| Back to Bedlam || Best Pop Vocal Album ||

2005
 MTV Europe Music Awards – Best New Act
 Q Awards – Best New Act
 Digital Music Awards – Best Pop Act

2006
 NRJ Music Awards (France) – Best International Newcomer
 BRIT Awards – Best pop act and Best Male Vocalist
 ECHO Awards (Germany) – Best International Newcomer
 NME Awards – Worst Album
 MTV Australia Video Music Awards – Song of the Year for You're Beautiful
 Ivor Novello Awards – Most Performed Work and International Hit of the Year
 MTV Video Music Awards – Best Male Video and Best Cinematography
 World Music Awards – Best New Artist in the World and Biggest Selling British Artist in the World
 Teen Choice Awards (United States) – Choice Music Male Artist

2008
 ECHO Awards (Germany) – Best International Male Artist
2010
 Virgin Media Music Awards – The Hottest Male

2011
 Regenbogen Awards (Germany) – Best International Male Artist

References

Other websites

Official website

1974 births
Living people
British military people
English rock musicians
English singer-songwriters
People from Wiltshire
Atlantic Records artists
Gerhard Berger, (born August 27, 1959 in Wörgl) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver, who used to own 50% of the Scuderia Toro Rosso Formula One team until he sold his share back to energy drink owner Dietrich Mateschitz.

1959 births
Living people
Austrian racecar drivers
Formula One drivers
People from Tyrol (state)
The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is an insect in the Nymphalidae family. It is the best-known butterfly in North America.

Monarchs are known for their long annual migrations. In North America, they travel long distances south in the fall, and north in the spring.  They start to migrate south in about August. They must get to frost-free areas. Freezing will kill them. A migration towards the north starts in the spring.

No single individual makes the whole round trip. The monarch is famous for its southward migration and northward return in summer. The migration north spans the life of three to four generations of the butterfly. A longer-lived "super generation" flies from the northern-most parts of the butterfly's range in Canada all the way to Mexico. It overwinters in the south, and breeds in the spring to start the next generation flying north. The following reference gives a map of the migration routes.

Description
Description

Caterpillar 
The monarch caterpillar is banded with yellow, black, and white stripes. The head is also striped with yellow and black. There are four black body extensions, two on each end of the body. They look similar to antennae. The caterpillar will be as long as 5 cm (2 inches).

Adults 
The monarch butterfly has a wingspan that ranges from 8.9 to 10.2 centimeters (3½ to 4 inches).

The upper side of the wings are orange with black edges and veins. There are white spots in the black wing margins. The male has a spot on his bottom wing. The spot gives out scents which attract females. The viceroy butterfly (Limenitis archippus) is similar. It has an extra black band across the bottom wing. The underside of the wings is a tan-orange color with black veins. The wing margins are black with white spots in them.
A white form of the monarch has been seen in Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia and the United States. It has been seen as early as 1896. It was named nivosus by lepidopterists (a lepidopterist is a person who studies butterflies and moths). It is grayish white in all areas of the wings that are normally orange. The white form makes up about 1% or less of all monarchs except for on Oahu, Hawaii where it has kept populations as high as 10%. The existence of two or more forms of a species in the same area is quite common, and is called polymorphism.
Range and distribution
In North America, the monarch is found from southern Canada to northern South America. It sometimes wanders to western Europe, sometimes as far as Greece. It reaches Europe from being transported by USA ships. It can also wander to Europe by flying there if weather and wind conditions are right. It has also been found in Bermuda, Hawaii, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea, Ceylon, India, the Azores, and the Canary Islands.

Migration
Monarch butterflies are known for their long annual migration. In North America, they make large migrations towards the south starting in August until the first frost. A migration towards the north takes place in the spring. No single individual makes the whole round trip. Female monarchs lay eggs for the next generation during these migrations.
A few months later, people from all over North America and Mexico began returning his labelled butterflies to him. Mexico was the southernmost area from which he had received a butterfly, so he started traveling there to look for the Monarchs. For many years, he traveled to Mexico. There he climbed through jungles, walked through forests, and talked to the people he found. He finally heard there was a place west of Mexico City where people had seen lots of monarchs all together. After a long search, He finally found millions of monarch butterflies covering every part of the area.

During the spring migration, the population that is east of the Rocky Mountains may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma.  The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern places in the United States and Canada in the spring.
Habitat
The Monarch can be found in many different kinds of habitats. When it is breeding, it is found in habitats with milkweed (a kind of plant). Some of these habitats include, fields, meadows, prairies, parks in or near cities, gardens, and roadsides. The monarch can be found in almost any kind of habitat during migration. It overwinters in pine, cypress, and eucalyptus groves in California. It overwinters in fir forests and pine groves in Mexico.

Much of the monarch's breeding habitat is not good anymore. In some states and provinces, milkweed is thought to be a weed. In these places, the milkweed is killed to keep livestock from eating it and becoming sick. Moreover, herbicides use, especially with genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants, eliminate milkweed. With fewer milkweed plants, the monarch does not have as much habitat to breed in.
Habitat destruction has been a concern as the number of monarch butterflies that completed an annual migration to their winter home in a Mexican forest sank in 2013 to its lowest level in at least two decades, due mostly to extreme weather and changed farming practices in North America. The Mexican forest occupied by the butterflies, once as high at , dwindled to  in the annual census conducted December 2012.

Life cycle
The monarch butterfly goes through complete metamorphosis.

Egg
The female lays her eggs one by one. They are laid on the underside of the leaves of caterpillar's food plant. The eggs are light yellow. Freshly laid eggs are creamy-white. After three to four days, they turn dark gray. The egg usually weighs about 0.54 milligrams. It is about 1.2 millimeters long. Its diameter is about 0.87 millimeters (average on 55 eggs).

Caterpillar
Caterpillar

The caterpillar hatches out of the egg. The young caterpillar is a gray-black color with a black head. After the first molt (shedding its skin) the caterpillar is banded with yellow, black, and white stripes. The head is also striped with yellow and black. There are four black body extensions, two on each end of the body. They look similar to antennae. The caterpillar will reach a length of 5 centimeters (2 inches).  The caterpillar eats the leaves and flowers of the food plant. It make no nests or shelters.  It grows very quickly, and because of this, it molts four to five times.
Chrysalis
After the caterpillar molts one last time, it makes a chrysalis. A chrysalis is not the same as a cocoon. The monarch caterpillar attaches its back end (posterior) to a support, and hangs downward in the shape of the letter 'J'. The inside of the caterpillar's body begins to change and it splits its skin to form the blue-green chrysalis. The blue-green chrysalis has a band of black and bright gold near the top. There are other gold spots lower down. After spending many weeks in the chrysalis, the adult finally comes out as a butterfly.

Species similar in appearance
The viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is similar to but is smaller than the monarch. It has an extra black band across the bottom wing that the monarch does not have.

The queen (Danaus gilippus) is dark reddish-brown instead of orange.  It does not have black veins. There are white spots on the top wing submarginal (near the edge of the wing) area. These spots are on both the upper side and the underside.
The soldier (Danaus eresimus) is also dark reddish-brown instead of orange. It has thin, black veins. The underside of the bottom wing has a dark center. It has light brown, square-shaped spots around the dark center.

Mimicry

Monarchs are bad-tasting and poisonous because they contain a chemical known as cardenolide (cardiac glycoside). The chemical slows the heart-beat of vertebrates. Monarch caterpillars get this chemical when they feed on milkweed.
When the monarch becomes a butterfly, it no longer eats milkweed, but it still has the chemical in its body. The butterfly shows that they are not good to eat with their bright orange and black wings. This is warning coloration. A bird may try to eat a monarch, but it will become sick and vomit after eating it. After this experience, the bird learns not to eat another monarch, and also any other butterfly which is similar in appearance. The viceroy is similar looking to the monarch, but does not have the milkweed poison in its body. Birds that have had the bad experience of eating a monarch will usually not eat a viceroy. It is an example of Müllerian mimicry.

Threats
Threats

Predators
Overwintering Monarchs in Mexico are often eaten by black-headed grosbeaks. These birds are immune to the glycoside. Other birds, such as orioles and jays, have learned to eat only the thoracic muscles and the body parts inside the abdomen. These parts have less poison than the rest of the body. Some mice are also immune to large amounts of the poison.  Over time, overwintering monarchs become less poisonous. This makes them more likely to be eaten by predators. In Mexico, about 14% of the overwintering Monarchs are eaten by birds and mice.