Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Other Nicknames
 "City by the Lake" – used as early as the 1890s
 "City in a Garden" – English translation of the Latin motto on the city seal: "Urbs in Horto"
 "The City that Works" – slogan from Mayor Richard J. Daley's tenure as mayor, describing Chicago as a blue-collar, hard-working city, which ran relatively smoothly
 "Great Commercial Tree" – from the State Anthem of Illinois
 "Heart of America" – Chicago is one of the largest transportation centers in America and its location is near the center of the United States
 "The Great American City" – taken from Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Norman Mailer's book "Miami and the Siege of Chicago" (1968): "Chicago is the great American city ... perhaps [the last] of the great American cities"; "the notion that Chicago is arguably the most quintessential American city" was central to Robert J. Sampson's landmark research on communities, criminology, and urban sociology - Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect (2012)
"My Kind of Town" – from the song "My Kind of Town (Chicago Is)" (music by Jimmy Van Heusen, words by Sammy Cahn, 1964) popularized by Frank Sinatra in the movie Robin and the Seven Hoods about a fictional popular Chicago gangster
 "The City Beautiful" – reference to the reform movement sparked by the World's Columbian Exposition, used by Hawk Harrelson when the Chicago White Sox open a game at U.S. Cellular Field
 "Chi-beria" – a play on Siberia, a nickname largely used during the 2014 North American Cold Wave and during harsh cold winter times
 "Chiraq" or "Chi-Raq" – a very controversial nickname coming from the combination of Chicago and Iraq. This is because of Chicago's high crime rates to the war-torn country Iraq; Spike Lee's 2015 movie Chi-Raq uses it as the title; considered offensive by many residents of the Chicago area
The 312 – reference to the area code used in The Loop and is seen on AT&T ads in the city
References

Chicago
Nicknames
Ethel is a town in Attala County, Mississippi. The population was 418 at the 2010 census.

History
Ethel is named for the daughter of Capt. S. B. McConnico.
The mayor of Ethel is Gwen Sims.

Geography
Ethel is located at  (33.123524, -89.465275), along the Yockanookany River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.

Education
The town of Ethel is served by the Attala County School District.

Notable people
Archie Dees, professional basketball player.
Myrtis Methvin, the second woman to serve as mayor of a community in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

References

Towns in Mississippi
{| class="mbox-small" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9;"
! colspan="4" style="text-align:center;border-top:none;"| Demographics (2020)
|-
| White| Black| Asian| Native|-
| 49.6%
| 30.9%
| 6.2%
| 0.4%
|-
| Islander| Other| Mixed| Hispanic(any race)|-
| 0.02%
| 4.7%
| 8.1%
| 11.3%
|}Forest Park (formerly Harlem''') is a village in Cook County, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, United States. The population was 14,339 at the 2020 census.

The Forest Park terminal on the CTA Blue Line is the line's western terminal, located on the Eisenhower Expressway at Des Plaines Avenue.

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Cicero (originally known as Hawthorne) is a suburb of Chicago and an incorporated town in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 85,268 at the 2020 census.

The town of Cicero is named after Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman.

References

Towns in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Silvio Horta (August 14, 1974 – January 7, 2020) was an American screenwriter and television producer widely noted for adapting the hit Colombian telenovela Yo soy Betty, la fea into the ABC series Ugly Betty. Horta served as head writer and executive producer on the series.

He was born in Miami, Florida. Horta was openly gay. He was found dead in a Miami hotel room on January 7, 2020 after shooting himself, aged 45.

References

Other websites

1974 births
2020 deaths
American screenwriters
American television producers
American television writers
Gay men
LGBT screenwriters
Businesspeople from Miami
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Writers from Miami
Writers who committed suicide
The National Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional) is the legislative branch of the government of Ecuador that replaced the National Congress in 2009, under the 2008 Constitution. 

The current President of the Assembly is César Litardo, as of 2019.

Within Ecuador, the National Assembly has the power to pass laws, while appointment of judges to the National Court of Justice is done by a separate Judicial Council.

References

Politics of Ecuador

Organizations based in Ecuador
Unicameral legislatures
Óscar Oswaldo Larriva Alvarado (1946 – 6 January 2020) was an Ecuadorian politician and academic. He was born in Cuenca, Ecuador. He was a member of the Socialist Party until 2006 and later became a member of the PAIS Alliance.

Larriva was a member of the National Assembly from 1992 to 1994 and again from 2013 to 2017. From 2007 through 2009 and briefly in 2019, Larriva was Governor of Azuay Province.

Larriva died in Cuenca on 6 January 2020 of leukemia at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Ecuadorian politicians
Ecuadorian academics
People from Cuenca, Ecuador
Walter John Learning  (November 16, 1938 – January 5, 2020) was a Canadian theatre director, playwright and actor. He was known as the founder of Theatre New Brunswick. He was born in Quidi Vidi, Newfoundland. He wrote a play based on the Christmas television special A Gift to Last. 

Learning died on January 5, 2020 at his home in Fredericton, New Brunswick at the age of 81.

References

Other websites
 Walter Learning  at The Canadian Encyclopedia
 Walter Learning  at the New Brunswick Literary Encyclopedia 
 Walter Learning directs , Canberra, Australia
 
 Theatre Museum Canada—Canadian Legends series 

1938 births
2020 deaths
Canadian stage actors
Canadian playwrights
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
Writers from New Brunswick
Wisner is a small town in Franklin Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Settlements in Franklin Parish, Louisiana
Towns in Louisiana
McCool is a town in Attala County, Mississippi. The population was 135 at the 2010 census.

History
McCool post office was established September 11, 1883, with Charles W. Thompson as first postmaster. The town was named for James F. McCool, Chancellor of the 6th Chancery court district of Mississippi, and former speaker
of the Mississippi House of Representatives.

The population was 317 in 1900.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the area of the town is . All of it is land.

Education
The town of McCool is served by the Attala County School District.

Notable people
 Margaret Wade, basketball coach, member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
 John D. Winters, historian, author of The Civil War in Louisiana (1963), was born in McCool but reared in Lake Providence, Louisiana.

References

Towns in Mississippi
Kosciusko  is a city in Attala County, Mississippi, United States. James Meredith and Oprah Winfrey were born there. The population was 7,402 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Attala County.

Name
Kosciusko is named for General Tadeusz Kościuszko, a Polish-Lithuanian officer. He served with the Continental Army during the American Revolution. His name was changed to 'Kosciusko' to make it easier to write in English. The settlement was originally named Red Bud Springs for one of three natural springs that were in the city.

History
Kosciusko first developed along the historic Natchez Trace used by generations of Native Americans and later European settlers. The modern Natchez Trace Parkway also passes through the city.

During the 19th century, cotton was the most common crop. It is still important in the area.

Magnolia Bible College was in the city from 1976 to 2008. Kosciusko is the birthplace of civil rights activist James Meredith and TV series host and cultural leader Oprah Winfrey.
Kosciusko has hosted the Central Mississippi Fair for over 100 years.

Geography
Kosciusko is at  (33.058108, -89.588301), along the Yockanookany River. It is northeast of Jackson and southwest of Starkville. It is 20 miles / 32 kilometers from I-55 at Durant.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the area of Kosciusko is .   is land and 0.13% is water.

Education
The city of Kosciusko is part of the Kosciusko School District.

Blues Highway
Kosciusko has been part of the Mississippi Blues Trail since 2009.
Notable people
 Dave Barnes, singer-songwriter and musician for Razor & Tie
 Billy Ray Bates, former NBA shooting guard for the Portland Trail Blazers, the Washington Bullets, and the Los Angeles Lakers. He also played in several other countries, most notably for the Crispa Redmanizers and Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association.
 Eva Webb Dodd, Anna Boyd Ellington, and Mary Comfort Leonard, founders of the Delta Gamma fraternity
 Clarence Harmon, former NFL walking back for the Washington Redskins
 James Meredith, civil rights leader
 Charlie Musselwhite, blues harmonica player and band leader
 Topher Payne, playwright
 Oprah Winfrey, television host, personality, and cultural leader
 Marc Woodard, former NFL linebacker for the Philadelphia Eagles

Climate
The climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kosciusko has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
The data below are from the WRCC, compiled from 1893 to the time this chart was created (July 2018).

Gallery

References

Other websites
 City of Kosciusko official website

Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Dave is a British free to air television channel owned by the UKTV, which is available in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. The channel took the name Dave, in October 2007, between but it had been on air, under various identies and formats since October 1998.

UK Gold Classics and UK Gold 2 take Fridays and Sundays from 6:00pm to 2:00am

Television
Supercell is a company that makes free games. Their games include Clash of Clans (2012), Hay day (2013), Boom Beach (2014), Clash Royale (2015), and Brawl Stars (2018). Their games run on smart phones and tablets with Android or iOS. Internet is required for all Supercell games.

References

Other websites 

 Official website

2010 establishments in Europe
Companies of Finland
Video game companies of Europe
Mobile games
Helsinki
Lunch atop a Skyscraper is a photograph taken at the top of the steelwork of 30 Rockefeller Plaza, during the construction of the Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York, U.S.A.. It was taken on 20 September 1932. The picture shows a group of workers not wearing safety equipment and eating on a beam at  off the ground.

Photographs
1932 works
Jennifer Johnston (born 12 January 1930) is an Irish novelist. She was born in Dublin. Johnston has won a number of awards, including the Whitbread Book Award for The Old Jest in 1979 and a Lifetime Achievement from the Irish Book Awards (2012). Her novel, The Old Jest, was made into a movie called The Dawning. Her other best known novels include: How Many Miles to Babylon?, The Christmas Tree, The Railway Station Man, The Illusionist and Grace and Truth.

References

Other websites
 "Jennifer Johnston's Works", provides a decidedly pejorative view of Johnston's works
 Jennifer Johnston (1930- ) 
 Jennifer Johnston on Amazon.com

1930 births
Living people
Irish novelists
Writers from Dublin
On January 5, 2020, former Governor of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission in order to compete in the 2020 United States presidential election as a Libertarian.

Chafee unsuccessfully campaigned for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2015. During his candidacy, Chafee criticized Hillary Clinton for her public support of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and her use of a private email server.

In 2019, following his move to the state of Wyoming, Chafee registered as a member of the Libertarian Party, which he announced through an op-ed.

On January 5, 2020, Chafee filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission to form a candidate committee for the 2020 United States presidential election. Chafee has said he plans on making a formal announcement about his candidacy on January 8, 2020.

He ended his campaign on April 5, 2020, after failing to win any of the primary contests.

References

Other websites
 

Chafee
Teton Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 330 at the 2010 census. It is located near Jackson, Wyoming.

References

Census-designated places in Wyoming
Infanta Sofía of Spain (Sofía de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Ortiz; born 29 April 2007) is the second child of King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia. She was born at Ruber International Hospital in Madrid, She was baptized at Palace of Zarzuela in Madrid.

She has an older sister, Leonor, whom she follows in the line of succession to the Spanish throne.

References

Other websites
 Official website of the Spanish Monarchy
 Family Search

2007 births
Living people
Spanish infantes and infantas
People from Madrid
Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo (Elena María Isabel Dominica de Silos de Borbón y de Grecia; born 20 December 1963) is the first child and elder daughter of King Juan Carlos I of Spain and Queen Sofía of Spain. She is the third in the line of succession to the Spanish throne. She has a younger sister, Infanta Cristina, and a younger brother, King Felipe VI.

Titles and Styles 

20 December 1963-3 March 1995: Her Royal Highness Infanta Dona Elena of Spain 

3 March 1995-present: Her Royal Highness Infanta Dona Elena of Spain, Duchess of Lugo

References

1963 births
Living people
Spanish infantes and infantas
People from Madrid
Infanta Cristina of Spain (Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia de la Santísima Trinidad de Borbón y de Grecia, born 13 June 1965) She is the younger daughter of King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía, She was born at ORPEA Madrid Loreto at Madrid, She was baptized at church in Zarzuela Palace. 

 she is sixth in the line of succession to the Spanish throne, after her brother King Felipe VI's children, her sister Elena, and Elena's children.

From 2013 she was investigated and later tried for fraud relating to accusations of corruption involving a company owned by Cristina and her husband. In February 2017, she was acquitted.

References

Other websites
 Royal Household of HM the King official website 
 Latest News on Infanta Christina 

1965 births
Living people
Spanish infantes and infantas
People from Madrid
Sophia of Greece and Denmark (, ; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family and former Greek royal family who was Queen of Spain during the reign of her husband, King Juan Carlos I, from 1975 to 2014.

Biography 
Sophia of Greece and Denmark was born on 2 November, 1938 in Athens. Her parents were King Paul and his wife Queen Frederica. Sophia is the sister of King Constantine II and Princess Irene.

She became queen upon her husband's accession in 1975. On 19 June 2014, Juan Carlos abdicated in favor of their son Felipe VI.

In 2023, Sophia attended the funeral of her brother, Constantine.

Titles

2 November 1938-14 May 1962: Her Royal Highness Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark 

14 May 1962-21 July 1969: Her Royal Highness Princess Sophia of Spain 

21 July 1969-22 November 1975: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Spain 

22 November 1975-19 June 2014: Her Majesty The Queen of Spain 

19 June 2014-present: Her Majesty Queen Sofia of Spain

References
References

1938 births
Living people
Kings and Queens consort of Spain
Spanish infantes and infantas
People from Athens
Don Felipe Juan Froilán de Todos los Santos de Marichalar y Borbón  (born 17 July 1998 in Madrid) is the elder child and only son of the Duchess of Lugo, Infanta Elena of Spain, and Don Jaime de Marichalar. Felipe is fourth in the line of succession to the Spanish Throne, after his mother.

References

Spanish infantes and infantas
1998 births
Living people
People from Madrid
Doña Victoria Federica de Todos los Santos de Marichalar y Borbón (born 9 September 2000) is the younger child and only daughter of the Spanish Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo, and Don Jaime de Marichalar. Doña Victoria Federica is fifth in the line of succession to the Spanish Throne, after her brother Felipe.

References

2000 births
Living people
Spanish infantes and infantas
People from Madrid
Spanish House of Bourbon
Frederica of Hanover (Friederike Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa; ; ; 18 April 1917 – 6 February 1981) was Queen consort of Greece from 1947 until 1964 as the wife of King Paul.

References

Other websites

New York Times obituary
Μιχάλης Φύλλας,«Επιστολές Τρικαλινών στη βασίλισσα Φρειδερίκη «Στηρίζω εις σας μεγαλειοτάτη όλας μου τας ελπίδας…», Θεσσαλικό Ημερολόγιο, τομ. 77 (2020), σελ.282-286. 
Μιχάλης Φύλλας,«Επίκειται ο εξ ασιτείας θάνατός μου…». Όψεις της σαμιακής κοινωνίας στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του ’60», Απόπλους, τχ.83 (Άνοιξη 2020), σελ.330-336 

1917 births
1981 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from surgical complications
Kings and Queens consort
Greek royalty
Exiled royalty
Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark (; born 11 May 1942) is the youngest child and second daughter of King Paul of Greece and his wife Princess Frederika of Hanover. She is the younger sister of Queen Sofía of Spain and of the deposed King Constantine II of Greece and maternal aunt of Felipe VI of Spain.

References

Greek princes and princesses
People from Cape Town
1942 births
Living people
Exiled royalty
Infanta Pilar of Spain, Duchess of Badajoz, Dowager Viscountess of la Torre (María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luisa Ignacia y Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; 30 July 1936 – 8 January 2020), sometimes known more simply as Pilar de Borbón, was a member of the Spanish royal family. She was oldest child of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She was the older sister of King Juan Carlos I, Infanta Margarita and Infante Alfonso.

Infanta Pilar supported the sport of equestrianism. She served as the president of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports from 1994 to 2006. From 1996 to 2006, she was a member of the International Olympic Committee for Spain.

Infanta Pilar was born in the French city of Cannes. She lived most of her early years in exile from Spain. King Alfonso XIII, her grandfather, had been forced to flee with his family before she was born.

On 8 January 2020, Infanta Pilar died of colon cancer in Madrid. She was 83.
References

1936 births
2020 deaths
House of Bourbon
People from Cannes
Spanish infantes and infantas
International Olympic Committee
Sermersooq (Greenlandic: [seʁmeʁsoːq̚], place of much ice, ) is the most populous municipality of Greenland. Its capital and largest city is Nuuk, which is also the capital and largest city of Greenland. It was created on 1 January 2009, when five municipalities were combined together to make Sermersooq.

Geography 
Sermersooq borders the Labrador Sea to the west and the Denmark Strait to the east. It borders the municipalities of Kujalleq, Qeqqata, Qeqertalik and Avanaata. To the north is Northeast Greenland National Park.

References 

2000s establishments in Denmark
2000s establishments in North America
2009 establishments
Municipalities of Greenland
Barry Strachan Gardiner (born 10 March 1957) is a British Labour Party politician. He is the Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade since 2016. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent North since 1997.

Gardiner worked under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown as a junior minister in the Northern Ireland Office, the Department for Productivity, Energy and Industry, the Department of Trade and Industry and finally in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

References

1957 births
Politicians from Glasgow
British socialists
Living people
Harvard University alumni
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was an airplane flight between Iran and Ukraine that crashed shortly after it flew away from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport on 8 January 2020. All 176 passengers onboard and its crew died. 

On 9 January 2020, it was reported that U.S. officials believed that plane was shot down by an Iranian Tor-M1 surface to air missile, probably by mistake.

On 11 January 2020, Iran said that it had shot down the plane by mistake.

References

2020 in Iran
2020s disasters in Iran
Aviation accidents and incidents in Asia
January 2020 events
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2020
"Tomorrow" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released as the group's first single in 1994. It was later re-recorded for their 1995 debut album Frogstomp. It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their first of three number-one singles there.

The song was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as the group's drummer, Ben Gillies.

1994 songs
"Freak" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released in January 1997 as a single, and was later released the next month on their second album, Freak Show. It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their second of three number-one singles there.

It was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as the group's drummer, Ben Gillies.

1997 songs
"Straight Lines" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released on March 20, 2007 as a single, and ten days later it was released on their fifth and final album, titled Young Modern. It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their third and last number-one single there.

It was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as Australian musician Julian Hamilton. "Straight Lines" is one of only four Silverchair songs to feature a co-writing credit by a non-member, the other three also being songs from Young Modern co-written by Johns and Hamilton.

2007 songs
Cass City is a village in Tuscola County in the U.S. state of Michigan. In 2010, 2,428 people lived there.

References 

Villages in Michigan
A spaniel is a type of gun dog. Spaniels were especially bred in the 1700's in Great Britain to flush game birds out of thick bushes There are many types of spaniel dogs, the most popular ones are the Cocker Spaniel, the English Springer Spaniel, the Field Spaniel and the Welsh Springer Spaniel.

Types of Spaniel

Recent species

Extinct

Wrongly named
The following types are not spaniels. They are called spaniels as they looked like spaniels.

References
Vincenzo Cerundolo  (20 December 1959 – 7 January 2020) was an Italian medical researcher. He was the director of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit at the John Radcliffe Hospital. He was a professor of immunology at the University of Oxford. He was also a Supernumerary Fellow at Merton College, Oxford. He was known for his discoveries in processing and presentation of cancer and viral peptides to T cells and lipids.

Cerundolo was born in Lecce. He was married and had two children. He died in January 2020, at the age of 60.

References

1959 births
2020 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society
Immunologists
Italian scientists
People from Lecce
An oath of fealty is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another.

In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty is an oath made by a peasant to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties that a servant need to perform. These includes service and help.

References

 
 
 

Feudalism
Wolfgang Brezinka (9 June 1928 – 3 January 2020) was a German-Austrian educational scientist. He was born in Berlin. He served as professor of pedagogy at the Pedagogical University in Würzburg. He also worked at the universities of Innsbruck and Konstanz. He was a researcher at Columbia University and Harvard University.

On 3 January 2020, Brezinka died in Telfes, in the Austrian state of Tyrol. He was 91.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
German academics
Austrian academics
Prem Nath Hoon (4 October 1929 – 6 January 2020) was an Indian military officer. He was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Western Command of the Indian Armed Forces from 1986 to 1987. He took part in the 1962 Sino-Indian War and 1965 Indo–Pakistan War. In 1984, he led Operation Meghdoot, the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Kashmir region. He was also part of Operation Brasstacks, the biggest military exercise since World War II. Hoon was born in Abbottabad, North West Frontier Province (now Pakistan). 

Hoon died on 6 January 2020 in Chandimandir, Haryana. He was 90.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Indian generals
George J. Perles (July 16, 1934 – January 7, 2020) was an American football player and coach. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was a defensive line coach, defensive coordinator and assistant head coach for the National Football League's Pittsburgh Steelers from 1972 to 1982. He was also the head football coach at Michigan State University (MSU) from 1983 to 1994. He was added to the MSU Board of Trustees in 2006. He retired from his position on the board in November 2018 due to health reasons and wanting to spend time with family.

On January 7, 2020, Perles died from Parkinson's disease in Lansing, Michigan. He was 85.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
American football coaches
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
Sportspeople from Detroit
Yong Pung How  (11 April 1926 – 9 January 2020) was a Singaporean judge. He served as Chief Justice from 1990 to 2006. Before being a judge, he was a lawyer, banker and senior government official. From 2010 until his death in 2020, he had been the Chancellor of the Singapore Management University. Yong was born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaya. He came from an ethnic Chinese family with Hakka ancestry from Dabu County, Guangdong. 

Yong died on 9 January 2020, at the age of 93.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Bankers
Chief justices
People from Kuala Lumpur
Singaporean politicians
is a Japanese actress. She was born in Tokyo. She was a favorite actress of director Yasuzo Masumura, starring in 25 of his movies. She appeared in Kenji Mizoguchi's A Geisha and Street of Shame. She also appeared in Yasujirō Ozu's Floating Weeds.

References

Other websites
 

1933 births
Living people
Actors from Tokyo
General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/19 – 2 April 1787) was a British Army general officer and colonial official best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as British commander-in-chief in the early days of the American Revolution.

Thomas Gage, on February 20, 1773, already communicated to the governor of Louisiana, Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga 'le Conciliateur', his intention to return to the United Kingdom with his family, a fact that occurred 4 months later, in June Therefore, Gage was not present when the Boston Tea Party took place in December of that year, a city in which both Gage and Unzaga left confidants to be informed by their respective spy networks.

Notes

  (paperback).

 (Paperback: )

References

Other websites

 Official
 Thomas Gage papers at the William L. Clements Library
 General information
 
 
 
 
 

1719 births
1787 deaths
British Army generals
People educated at Westminster School, London
The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of elections by the Democratic Party to select the about 3,979 pledged delegates to the Democratic National Convention. Those delegates picked the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election.

The elections took place from February to August 2020 in all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad.

On June 5, 2020, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates, securing the nomination.

Background
The 2020 field of Democratic presidential candidates peaked at more than two dozen candidates. According to Politifact, this field is believed to be the largest field of presidential candidates for any American political party since 1972; it exceeds the field of 17 major candidates who sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.
Delegate votes
The new superdelegate reforms also regulate how the 2020 Democratic National Convention shall handle the outcome of primaries and caucuses for three potential scenarios:
 If a single candidate wins at least 2,268 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be allowed to vote at first ballot, as their influence can not overturn the majority of pledged delegates.
 If a single candidate wins 1,886–2,267 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be barred from voting at first ballot, which solely will be decided by the will of pledged delegates.
 If no candidate wins more than 1,885 pledged delegates: This will result in a contested convention, where superdelegates are barred from voting at the first formal ballot, but regain their right to vote for their preferred presidential nominee for all subsequent ballots needed until the delegates reach a majority.

Candidates

Nominees

Withdrawn

Primary and caucus calendar

Note: Due to COVID-19, most primaries after March 10 were rescheduled.

Timeline
Timeline

Convention

The convention was scheduled to be held from July 13–16, 2020, at the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held from August 17–20. Most speakers did not go to the central location. Instead, they joined the convention from other places, using the internet.

Maps

Polling

Notes

References

February 2020 events
March 2020 events
April 2020 events
Democratic
The 2020 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held August 17–20, 2020 at the Wisconsin Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

At the convention, delegates of the United States Democratic Party formally chose former Vice President Joe Biden for president and U.S. Senator Kamala Harris for vice president in the 2020 United States presidential election.

Originally scheduled to be held July 13–16, 2020 at the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic in the United States, the convention was postponed to August 17–20, 2020, and was later shrunk its capacity, with its location moved to city's Wisconsin Center.

Due to the pandemic, the format was different from other conventions, with most of the convention being held remotely from many venues across the country. While being a largely virtual convention, it was officially centered at the Wisconsin Center, where its production was headquartered and from where it was gaveled in and out each night.
Joe Solmonese, former President of the Human Rights Campaign, was named convention CEO in March 2019.

Every living former Democratic president (Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama) gave a speech, as well as a number of Republicans, including former Governor John Kasich of Ohio. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Senator Bernie Sanders also spoke at the convention.

References

2020 United States presidential election
2020 in Wisconsin
August 2020 events
Milwaukee
United States presidential nominating conventions
2020 National Convention
Infanta Margarita of Spain, Duchess of Soria, 2nd Duchess of Hernani, Grandee of Spain (Margarita María de la Victoria Esperanza Jacoba Felicidad Perpetua de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón; born 6 March 1939) is a member of the Spanish royal family. She is the younger sister of King Juan Carlos I and aunt of current King Felipe VI of Spain. Her parents were Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She also had other siblings, Infanta Pilar and Infante Alfonso.

Infanta Margarita was born in the Italian capital city Rome. She was born blind. Her family were exiled from Spain at the time of her birth. She has been married to Carlos Zurita since 1972. The couple have two children.

References

1939 births
Living people
Blind people
House of Bourbon
People from Rome
Spanish infantes and infantas
Chan Sek Keong  (born 5 November 1937) is a Singaporean former judge. He served as the third Chief Justice from 2006 until his retirement in 2012. He also served as Singapore's Attorney-General from 1992 to 2006.

Chan was born in Ipoh, Perak, Malaya. His family were ethnic Chinese of a Cantonese background.

References

1937 births
Living people
Attorneys general
Chief justices
Singaporean politicians
Michael Diamond Resnick (; March 5, 1942 – January 9, 2020) was an American science fiction writer under the name Mike Resnick. He won five Hugo Awards. He was executive editor of Jim Baen's Universe. Resnick was born in Chicago. He was best known for his novellas The Goddess of Ganymede, Stalking the Unicorn and Kirinyaga.

Resnick was diagnosed with an aggressive form of lymphoma in November 2019. He died from the disease at a hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio on January 9, 2020 at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
Bibliography - cleaner and easier to read than the one at the official site
Mike Resnick Papers at the University of South Florida
 Interview  (in French) sur actusf.com
 Interview by Michael A. Ventrella, July 2009
FantasyLiterature.com interviews Mike Resnick'
Mike Resnick Posts'

1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in Ohio
American science fiction writers
Writers from Chicago
The Congress of Tucumán was a meeting in San Miguel de Tucumán where people from what is now Argentina, Uruguay, and part of Bolivia declared Independence from the Spanish Empire on 9 July 1816.

References

Ministry of Education: Congress of Tucumán (in Spanish)

19th century in South America
19th century in Spain
1816
Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), sometimes known in Australia and New Zealand as butternut pumpkin or gramma, is a type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the blossom end.

References 

Cucurbitaceae
Fruits
Vegetables
Thanksgiving
Ireland is mostly the Republic of Ireland (which does not have a monarchy) and partly Northern Ireland (whose monarch is Charles III). Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a constitutional monarchy. Until the 20th century, all Ireland had a constitutional monarchy and was a part of the United Kingdom since 1801. Monarchies were in existence through most of the history of Ireland.

In the High Middle Ages, the Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland ended when the Normans invaded Ireland. Ireland became a fief of the Papal States (the government of the Pope). The King of England's government started to control many of the lands of Ireland. This continued until the English Reformation, when the Kingdom of England got full ownership of Ireland. The Kingdom of Ireland came into existence in the reign of Henry VIII. Henry VIII was the first to be both King of England and King of Ireland.
The Kingdom of Ireland started in 1542. Before 1603, Ireland shared a monarch with the Kingdom of England (but not with the Kingdom of Scotland) in a personal union. When Henry VIII's daughter Elizabeth I died in 1603, James VI and I became the first to be King of Ireland, King of England, and King of Scotland in a three-kingdom personal union. Between 1603 and 1707, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Anne was the Queen of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence in 1707. Anne was Queen of Ireland and Queen of Great Britain. Between 1707 and 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the British monarchy with the United Kingdom of Great Britain. (During the government of Oliver Cromwell, the British Isles became a republic: the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.) George III was King of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland came into existence at the start of 1801
. George III was the first to be king of the new kingdom, which combined the whole British Isles (except the Isle of Man) into one kingdom for the first time.
In December 1922, most of Ireland left the United Kingdom to become part of the Irish Free State, a dominion within the British Empire; the rest, Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. In 1937, after George V died, the Free State changed its laws to give the British monarchs much less power. In April 1949, the Republic of Ireland stopped having a monarchy entirely, and left the Commonwealth of Nations. Since then, the only part of Ireland to have a monarchy is Northern Ireland (because it is part of the United Kingdom). Elizabeth II was the former queen, but passed in 2022. Charles, Prince of Wales was named the King of England in September 2022.

References

Ireland
Monarchy
Northern Ireland
British royalty
Bernt "Sump-Hugo" Andersson (5 September 1933 – 6 January 2020) was a Swedish footballer and football manager. He made 91 Allsvenskan appearance for Djurgårdens IF and scored 19 goals. He managed Halmstads BK, Vasalunds IF and Helsingborgs IF.

Andersson died on 6 January 2020 at the age of 86.

References

Swedish footballers
Swedish football managers
1933 births
2020 deaths
Pierre Laurent Renoudet (born June 9, 1935), better known as Peter Renaday, is an American actor and voice actor. He was born in New Iberia, Louisiana. 

Renaday was known for his roles in The Batman Superman Movie: World's Finest, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, Antz (1998), The Odd Couple II (1998), Mulan (1998), The Prince of Egypt (1998), Ringmaster (1998), Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost (1999), The Road to El Dorado (2000), Shrek (2001), Madagascar (2005) and The Princess and the Frog (2009).

References

Other websites
 Peter Renaday at Behind the Voice Actors

1935 births
Living people
American voice actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Louisiana
Iberia Parish (, ) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 69,929. The parish seat is New Iberia.

References

19th-century establishments in Louisiana
1868 establishments in the United States
Paul B. "Pete" Dye (December 29, 1925 – January 9, 2020) was an American golf course designer. He was a member of a family of course designers. He was married to fellow designer and former amateur champion Alice Dye. 

Dye designed the Radrick Farms Golf Course for the University of Michigan in 1962, but the course did not open until 1965. Dye's first well-known course was Crooked Stick Golf Club in Carmel, Indiana, north of Indianapolis, begun in 1964.

Dye died on January 9, 2020 in Gulf Stream, Florida of dementia-related problems at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
Pete Dye Golf Club
American Society of Golf Course Architects profile
Bio from Dye Designs
Time – Top 10 Most Difficult Golf Courses Pete Dye nickname Marquis de Sod (Doc D.) 

1925 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American golfers
American architects
People from Ohio
Urbana is a city in and the county seat of Champaign County, Ohio, United States,  west of Columbus. The population was 11,405 in 2017. It is the home of Urbana University.

References

Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Champaign County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,714. Its county seat is Urbana.

References 

1800s establishments in Ohio
1805 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
Alice Dye (February 19, 1927 – February 1, 2019) was an American amateur golfer and golf course designer. She was known as the "First Lady" of golf architecture in the United States. She was married to Pete Dye. She was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. 

She was a member of the USGA Women's Committee, the LPGA Advisory Council and a member of the Board of Directors of the Women's Western Amateur who honored her with their Woman of Distinction Award. She and her husband established a golf training program at Purdue University.

Dye died on February 1, 2019 in Gulf Stream, Florida at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
American Society of Golf Course Architects profile

American golfers
1927 births
2019 deaths
American architects
Sportspeople from Indianapolis
Gulf Stream is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 954 at the 2020 census.

References

Towns in Florida
Palm Beach County, Florida
Richard Lawrence Saslaw (born February 5, 1940) is an American politician. He is a Democrat. He was in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1976 to 1980. He was elected to the Senate of Virginia. 

Saslaw has been the leader of the Virginia Senate Democrats since 1998, and is the current Majority Leader since 2020. He was Minority Leader 1998 through 2008 and again from 2012 through 2014.

He ran for Congress in Virginia's 8th congressional district in 1984. He was defeated by then-Congressman Stanford Parris. He was born in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites
 Constituent/campaign website
 Senate of Virginia profile
 Past member search for Richard Saslaw, from the Virginia House of Delegates
 Richmond Sunlight website
 Virginia Public Access Project
 Profile at Project Vote Smart

1940 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Politicians from Alexandria, Virginia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Woodlands North MRT station (TE1) is a underground Mass Rapid Transit terminal station in Woodlands, Singapore. It is  located near Republic Polytechnic. The station is the northern terminal of the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL).

A planned Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) at this station was delayed on 21 May 2019. This is due to Malaysia's financial situation. On 31 October 2019, Malaysia agreed to resume the RTS project at a lower cost although the project is still suspended until 30 April 2020.

History
This station was first announced on 29 August 2012 by then Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew.

Contract T202 which involves the construction of this station was awarded to Penta-Ocean Construction Co Ltd on 29 November 2013. The cost is S$337 million. Construction of the station began in early 2014.

The station was planned to be open by the end of 2019 as part of the first stage of the TEL. However the station's opening was later changed to 31 January 2020.

References
References

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Woodlands, Singapore
Woodlands South MRT station (TE3) is a Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson–East Coast line in Woodlands, Singapore. It islocated directly under Christ Church Secondary School and near Singapore Sports School. 

The tracks between this station and Springleaf station are the longest on the Thomson–East Coast line.

The station served as a terminus of the Thomson–East Coast line from 31 January 2020 until the opening of second phase of the line on August 28, 2021. Caldecott then serve as the terminus.

History
This station was first announced on 29 August 2012 by then Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew.

Contract T205 which involves the construction of this station was awarded to Woh Hup Private Limited on 23 August 2013. The station costs is S$144 million Construction of the station started in early 2014. 

The station was planned to be open by the end of 2019 as part of the first stage of the TEL. However the station's opening was later changed to 31 January 2020.

References
Lawrence v. Texas, 539 US 558 (2003), is the primary piece of case law which ultimately decriminalized sodomy in the United States. Ruled upon by the United States Supreme Court in 2003, Lawrence v. Texas concerned a Texas law that criminalized consensual, adult homosexual intercourse which was found unconstitutional under the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Background of the case 
Houston Police were tipped off to a weapons disturbance purportedly from the residence of John Lawrence. Upon entering the apartment, police found Lawrence and Tyron Garner engaging in sexual intercourse. At the time, a statute was in place which banned such homosexual sex acts and further deemed homosexuality a "deviance." Both Lawrence and Garner were arrested and convicted under this statute.

Upon appeal, the Texas State Court of Appeals affirmed the men's convictions citing Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 US 186 (1986), as the controlling case.
Lawrence filed for certiorari to the Supreme Court which was granted in 2003.

Ruling 
In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court voted to overturn Lawrence's conviction and declared the Texas anti-sodomy statute unconstitutional. The decision hinged on the right of Lawrence and Garner to engage in private conduct under the Due Process Clause. Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing the majority opinion, stated "[Lawrence and Garner's] right to liberty under the Due Process Clause gives them the full right to engage in their conduct without intervention of the government." The decision to overturn Bowers v. Hardwick was 5-4, with Justice O'Connor (a member of the Bowers majority back in 1986) refusing to overturn Bowers and instead supporting the Lawrence ruling on narrower Equal Protection grounds because the challenged Texas law made male-male sodomy illegal but not male-female sodomy.
Criticism
In a 2004 law review article, U.S. law professors Nelson Lund and John McGinnis criticized Lawrence v. Texas due to its alleged judicial hubris and expressed fears that its extremely broad language could have unexpected consequences in the long(er)-run.

Related pages
United States Obscenity Law

References

Further reading 
Carpenter, Dale. (2012). Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence V. Texas. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc.

2003 in Texas
LGBT rights in the United States
Paraphilias
United States Supreme Court cases
The Fever Crumb Series is a fantasy novel series by British author, Philip Reeve.

Books 
 Fever Crumb
 A Web of Air
 Scrivener's Moon

Predator Cities
This is a list of characters in the Mortal Engines Quartet and the Fever Crumb series.

Main characters

Hester Shaw

Hester Shaw is a teenager who possesses a scar.

Tom Natsworthy

Tom Natsworthy is a Apprentice Historian.

Anna Fang

Anna Fang is an aviator and friend of Tom and Hester. Dies during the battle with Thaddeus Valentine. Becomes a stalker and a ruler of the Green Storm.

Kit Solent/Shrike

Shrike, formerly known as Kit Solent, is a stalker.

References

Characters
Lists of fictional characters
The voiced alveolar fricative is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨z⟩.

Features

Examples

References

Consonants
Hester Shaw, later known as Hester Natsworthy, is the lead heroine of Philip Reeve's Mortal Engines Quartet.

Background and life
Hester Shaw, aged around fifteen at the beginning of the Quartet, is the daughter of Thaddeus Valentine and Pandora Shaw. She was raised by Shrike.

Hester is portrayed as having copper hair and gray eyes. She has a scar which cut her face from forehead to jaw, a wrenched mouth, a stump nose, and a single eye.

The character's surname comes from Shaugh Prior.

Role
In the first novel of the Mortal Engines Quartet (known in US as The Hungry City Chronicles), Mortal Engines, her botched assassination attempt on Thaddeus Valentine led to Tom Natsworthy and set off a chain of events that would change a course of history.

In other media
In the Mortal Engines student short film made in 2009, Alyssa Burnett plays Hester. One of her photos are mistakenly identified as a cosplay.

There is a 28mm figure based on Hester Shaw.