Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The 1918 Spring Offensive or Kaiserschlacht (Kaiser's Battle), also known as the Ludendorff Offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during World War I, which marked the deepest advances by either side since 1914. The German authorities had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and matériel resources of the United States could be deployed. They also had the advantage of nearly 50 divisions freed by the Russian surrender (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk). 

The first and most important part was called Operation Michael. It used new infiltration tactics. After the offensive, not enough German soldiers were still alive to win the war anymore.

References

1918 in Europe

1910s in France
Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
Tang Enbo (1898-1959) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China. Along with Hu Zongnan and Xue Yue, Tang was one of the Kuomintang generals most respected by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Related pages
Operation Ichi-Go

1898 births
1959 deaths
Chinese generals
Xue Yue (1896-1998) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China. Xue joined the Chinese army in 1914, at the age of 18. Along with Hu Zongnan and Tang Enbo, Xue was one of the Kuomintang generals most respected by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xue was in the defense of greater Wuhan, commanding the 1st Army Corps. In the mountains Xue's army succeeded in nearly destroying the 106th division of the Japanese army. During the battle, most of the Japanese officers were killed and the Japanese had to drop 300 officers by parachute into the battlefield. 

Xue lived to 101 years old.

References

1896 births
1998 deaths
, was a Japanese general.  

Hata was minister of war in 1939.  He was commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in China in 1941. 

He was the last surviving Japanese military officer with a rank of Field Marshal. He was jailed at the end of World War Two and released in 1955.

Honors
 Order of the Rising Sun
 Order of the Golden Kite

References

1879 births
1962 deaths
Japanese criminals
Japanese military people
Military personnel of World War II
People from Fukushima Prefecture
Bai Chongxi (18 March 1893 – 1 December 1966), also spelled Pai Chung-hsi, was a Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China. He was a warlord in the Guangxi Province, commanding his own troops and governing Guangxi (though part of the Republic of China). He was often an ally of Chiang Kai-Shek in the politics of the Republic of China.

Warlord era
Bai Chongxi Born Omar Chongxi Bai was born in Guilin, Guangxi Province.

References

1893 births
1966 deaths
People from Guangxi
Chinese military people
The Letter of Jeremiah, also known as the Epistle of Jeremy. This is a deuterocanonical (or apocryphal) book of the Old Testament. The letter is believed to have been made by Jeremiah to the people who were to be taken prisoner into Babylon. It is included in Catholic Bibles as the last part of the Book of Baruch. It is also in Orthodox Bibles as a standalone book.

Author 

Most learned people argue that the person who started the book was not Jeremiah. Jeremiah was a Hellenistic Jew who lived in Alexandria. Whoever the starter, the work was written with a purpose: to teach the Jews not to worship the gods of the Babylonians. Instead, to worship only the Lord.

Place in religious law 

The letter (epistle) is part of the Septuagint. There is no evidence of it ever having been rule bearing in the Jewish tradition.
The earliest evidence we have of the question of its canonicity arising in Christian tradition is in the work of Origen of Alexandria, as reported by Eusebius in his Church History. Origen listed Lamentations and the Letter of Jeremiah as one unit with the Book of Jeremiah proper, among "the canonical books as the Hebrews have handed them down". 

Jerome provided the majority of the translation work for the vulgar (popular) Latin translation of the Bible, called the Vulgate Bible. In view of the fact that no Hebrew text was available, Jerome refused to consider the Epistle of Jeremiah, as the other books he called apocryphal, canonical.

Despite Jerome's reservations, the epistle is included as chapter 6 of the book of Baruch in the Old Testament of the Vulgate. The Authorized King James Version follows the same practice, while placing Baruch in the Apocrypha section. In the Ethiopian Orthodox canon, it forms part of the "Rest of Jeremiah", along with 4 Baruch (also known as the Paraleipomena of Jeremiah).
The epistle is one of three deuterocanonical books found among the Dead Sea scrolls (the other two are Ben Sira and Tobit.)  The portion of the epistle discovered at Qumran was written in Greek. This does not preclude the possibility of the text being based on a prior Hebrew or Aramaic text. However, the only text available to us has dozens of linguistic features available in Greek, but not in Hebrew, hence introductions of a Greek editor, not required for minimalist translation.

References

Other websites 
 Text of the Epistle of Jeremy from CCEL
 Letter of Jeremiah in the KJV
  (Letter of Jeremiah) in the NAB
 Encyclopedia Britannica: Epistle of Jeremy 
 Introduction and Text of the Letter of Ieremias  from the New English Translation of the Septuagint

Jeremiah, Letter of
Septuagint
4th-century BC books
AllMovie is a commercial database with information about movie stars, movies and television shows. It was started by Michael Erlewine, who also started AllMusic and AllGame.

References

Other websites 
 AllMovie
 Movies123 

Entertainment websites
2011 establishments
A Revelation is a source of information that is given to some people and meant to share with others from a government, influential people or a supernatural deity. In monotheistic literature, a revelation is given by God to a prophet or someone God wants to make a prophet and it is supposed to be told to others. In this page, I will explain John’s Revelation from God that is also the last book in the Bible also coincdidently called Revelation.

In Catholicism and other Christian denominations, John is also called Saint John and was Jesus Christ’s 3rd/4th called disciple. John wrote a Gospel called The Gospel according to John. He also wrote 1st, 2nd and 3rd John. The most famous verse in the Bible was written by him in John 3:16 during Christ’s conversation with the pharisee Nicodemus. John wrote the Book of Revelation and I will explain it now.
In the beginning of Revelation, it is important to know that John was currently in exile in the island of Patmos, an island in the Aegean Sea and part of Greece’s territory now, because he refused to look at Emperor Domitian as Lord and God. John explains this and he also says he saw the Heavens, so we can suggest that he was writing what he saw while having his revelation or vision —whichever you choose to call it. 

I’m not going to explain every little detail, just an overview. Jesus tells him to send a message to 7 churches in Asia Minor, that is Turkey. These are Ephesus, Symrna, Pergammum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea. He explains He knows the suffering and He is watching over them.
A few chapters in and we see Apocalyptic literature. This was very common in the writing of Jews and Christians during the great persecution of Early Christians in the Roman Empire before Emperor Constantine made Christianity the state religion. You see a lot of beasts and creatures and then the greatly feared Antichrist.

I think now I should explain the 2 witnesses and the Antichrist. The 2 witnesses will be 2 prophets who God will raise from the dead and they will preach for three and a half years when the Antichrist will come and kill them both. Then because they have been slaughtered people from all around the world will drink and exchange gifts out of merriness and joyfulness because those 2 witnesses have died and nobody can shine the light of their sins. For three and a half days, they will not be allowed to be given their final dignity and put into graves. Then after 3 and a half days, God will raise them up from the dead and everyone will be shocked (imaginable) also will be ascending into Heaven.
The Antichrist is prominent in Revelation and is spoken a lot about. Christian and Jewish elders believe it will be an influential government that will trick everyone. But for everyone else its probably this tall, well-built man who will slaughter the Jews just when he has gained their trust.

That’s all I have now and I will come back soon with Revelation PART 2 soon. Have a great day! and I hoped you enjoyed reading this

Theology
Sebastian Aguilera de Heredia (1561-1627) was a Spanish organist and composer.

Aguilera was born in Zaragoza, Spain on about August 15, 1561.

We do not know much about his early life. He was ordained as a priest in January 1584. In 1585 he became organist at Huesca Cathedral, where he supervised the building of a new organ at the cathedral during 1588.  In 1603 he became a priest and organist at the Cathedral of La Seo, Zaragossa.  He looked after the organ at the cathedral and often had work done to improve it. He remained at the cathedral until his death on December 16, 1627.

All his compositions were for the church: both his organ music and vocal music.  His organ works show that he learned from composers such as Antonio de Cabezón, but he put new, modern ideas in his music which later influenced younger composers such as Correa de Arauxo. His students became the cathedral organists after his death, and were part of a tradition and style of paying which lasted for over 100 years.
A very important new technique which he used was the use of a divided keyboard (medio registro) which allowed different sounds in the upper half and the lower half of the keyboard (on today's organs one would need a two-manual organ to get the same effect).  He wrote 36 settings of the Magnificat, called Canticum Beatissimae Virginis Deiparae Mariae (1618).  His vocal work shows a skilful use of polyphony.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980,

Renaissance composers
Spanish composers
Baroque composers
Spanish organists
1561 births
1627 deaths
The Shahnameh or Shāhnāma (Book of Kings, ) is a large poetic opus by the Persian poet Ferdowsi. The book was written between  977 to 1010 AD. The Shahnameh is about the mythical and historical past of Persia/Iran. It is the national epic of Persia/Iran and one of the greatest literary works of the Persian language.

Shahnameh has been composed of 3 main parts: 1. mythical, 2. heroic, 3. historical.

Persian literature
11th-century books
A Papal conclave is a meeting of cardinals. The cardinals meet to elect the next bishop of Rome, to become pope. This becomes necessary when the old pope dies or resigns. Usually, popes do not resign, though. 

The last conclave was when Pope Benedict XVI resigned in 2013 and Pope Francis was elected to replace him.

The word conclave is from Latin. It refers to the fact that the cardinals are locked up together, until they have agreed on a new pope. Today, this happens in the Sistine Chapel.
Originally, the conclave was started in Italian city states, in the 12th century. These cities needed to elect officeholders, and the election needed to be free of party politics. Events such as the Investiture Controversy in medieval Europe led to people wanting "free" elections, with a medieval understanding of free. Methods were often combined, the elements used were Acclamation, naming of candidates by predecessors, or by uninvolved people, and using "electors" who would agree on the successor, behind closed doors.  Earliest examples are that of Genua, in 1157, Pisa, in 1162-64, or Pistoia. 

Pope Nicholas II published a papal bull called In Nomine Domini, in 1059, which introduced the conclave as the way to elect his successor. 

Popes
A seminary, theological college or divinity school is a university that specializes in theology or philosophy. Very often the students live at the seminary. Usually, priests have to study at a seminary at the start of their career.

Tertiary education
Hunger is the feeling of wanting to eat. Ghrelin is a hormone that makes people feel hungry. The opposite of hunger is called satiety or fullness. Leptin causes this feeling. People can survive weeks without eating, but they will start to feel hungry after they have not eaten for a few hours. Hunger is generally considered quite uncomfortable. People who have eaten food usually will feel less hungry, or not hungry at all. People can live longer without food than without water.

Hunger is also used to refer to people who generally have little to eat, and are therefore often hungry. This can lead to starvation.

References

Related pages 
Global Hunger Index
Chanakya ( , ; c. 350-283 BCE) was an adviser and a prime minister to  Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340-293 BCE). Chanakya helped Chandragupta create the Maurya Empire. Chanakya is considered a pioneer (someone who explores a new area) in economics. He wrote about economics a very long time before Ibn Khaldun.

Chanakya's Teachings

Shloka 1- नात्यन्तं सरलैर्भाव्यं गत्वा पश्य वनस्थलीम् ।छिद्यन्ते सरलास्तत्र कुब्जास्तिष्ठन्ति पादपाः ॥

English- Do not be very upright in your dealings, as you would see in forest, the straight trees are cut down while the crooked ones are left standing.

Shloka 2- कः कालः कानि मित्राणि को देशः कौ व्ययागमौ ।कश्चाहं का च मे शक्तिरिति चिन्त्यं मुहुर्मुहुः ॥

English- Consider again and again the following: the right time, the right friends, the right place, the right means of income, the right ways of spending, and from whom you derive your power.

Shloka 3- यो ध्रुवाणि परित्यज्य अध्रुवं परिषेवते ।ध्रुवाणि तस्य नश्यन्ति चाध्रुवं नष्टमेव हि ॥ ०१-१३
English- He who gives up what is imperishable for that which is perishable, loses that which is imperishable; and doubtlessly loses that which is perishable also.

Shloka 4- गुणैरुत्तमतां याति नोच्चैरासनसंस्थितः। प्रासादशिखरस्थोऽपि काकः किं गरुडायते॥ १६-०६

English- Greatness comes from good qualities and not from a high position. A crow doesn’t become a Garuda (the chief of the feathered race) just by sitting on the top of a palace.

Shloka 5- अतिरुपेनावे सिता: अतिगर्वेना उर्वशि अतिदानथा कर्ण पुरुश-श्रेष्ठ निष्पाप सरसवति नारद याति बखान| स्वर्गारोहन परिषेवते सम्राट| अत:पुरुषोत्तम रघुराम, अनाघ याति अयोध्या मे रामराज्य|

English- There can be no beautiful and compassionate woman like Sita. There can be no beautiful but proudy woman like Urvashi. There can be no  man like Karna, the supremest of all men(पुरुश-श्रेष्ठ).
His glories and heroism has been narrated by Narada and Saraswati and eventually he attains the highest goal of a human and unites with his brothers in heaven and becomes the king of the Swarga. There can be no great men like Rama, the purushottam himself. He is sinless and eventually he also becomes the king of Ayodhya and brings Ram-Rajya on earth.

Shloka 6- नोच्चैरासनसंस्थितः ज्ञान अत:अहंकार बाली, अत: ज्ञान कृष्ण काकः लंकेश, समाज करे बखान|

English- Knowledge is the most powerful tool in this world. Gyaanis are always respected in this world no matter what. Despite their clans were destroyed, Bali, Krishna and Ravana still have their names in this world because of their 'Gyaan'.

Identity
Identity

He is generally called Chanakya (taken from his father's name "Chanak") but, in his capacity as author of the Arthaśhāstra, is generally referred to as Kautilya derived from his gotra's name "KOTIL"(Kautilya means "of Kotil"). He believed in four ways: Treating with Equality, Enticement,  Punishment or War and Sowing disagreement. The Arthaśhāstra identifies its author by the name Kautilya, except for one verse which refers to him by the name Vishnugupta. One of the earliest Sanskrit literatures to explicitly identify Chanakya with Vishnugupta was Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra in the 3rd century BC.

Media
Media

 Television series Chanakya is a fictionalized account of the life and times of Chanakya.
 A book has been published in English titled  'Chanakya on Management"{18} in which each of the 216 sutras on raja-neeti has been translated and commented upon. Clearly, the entire system of thought propounded by Chanakya is based on following good ethical principles.
 In his Arthasastra, Chanakya has discussed widely various economic issues. A book written by Ratan Lal Basu & Rajkumar Sen has dealt exhaustively with these economic concepts of Chanakya and their relevance for the modern world.
 Many eminent Kautilya experts from all over the world had discussed various aspects of Kautilya's thought in an International Conference held in 1902 at Oriental Research Institute, Mysore, India to celebrate the Centenary of discovery of the manuscript of the Arthashastra by R. Shamasastry. Most of the papers presented in the Conference have been compiled in an edited volume by Raj Kumar Sen and Ratan Lal Basu.
References

Other websites

Chanakya Nitishastra: English translation by Miles Davis.

Indian people
Jainism
Ancient writers
350s BC births
280s BC deaths
A trowel is a small tool used for digging, smoothing, or moving around small amounts of material.

Related pages
Shovel

Gardening tools
Tools
Junipers is the name for a number of species of coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus. They are related to the  family Cupressaceae (the cypress). There are between 50 and 67 species of juniper. Junipers grow in the northern hemisphere. 

Junipers are evergreen. They vary in size from low shrubs to tall trees, which grow to between twenty and forty metres tall.

Juniper berries 
The female trees have seed cones. These look like like a berry, and are called juniper berries. They take from six to eighteen months to grow after pollination. They are often aromatic, and can be used as a spice.

Unfortunately, the berries of some species, such as Juniperus sabina, are toxic. Eating them them is not advised. Juniper has a number of species, and you have to know what you are doing before you eat the berries.

References 

Cupressaceae
The juniper berry is the female seed cone made by the different kinds of junipers. It is not a true berry, but its unusual roundness and merged scales make it look like a berry. Some of the cones are used as spices. Juniper berries are also used to flavour gin. According to a FAO document, juniper berries are the only spice that comes from conifers. However, tar and bark from pine trees are sometimes thought of as spices, too.
These strange and useful berries have a sour but stainable taste that isn’t suggested but if you desire you may eat one. They have also been called the clean bum fruit through history dating back to 17,000 b.c.

References

Other websites 
 

Cupressaceae
Spices
Henry Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger on May 27, 1923), , is a German-American political scientist, diplomat, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as  both National Security Advisor and later as Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration and the Ford Administration.

Early life
Kissinger was born in Germany in 1923. As a German Jew, it was not safe for him to stay in Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power, and he left for the United States in 1933. He fought for the US against the Nazis in World War Two.
Nixon administration
Kissinger was Richard Nixon's most trusted advisor on foreign affairs. He was in government during the Cold War and promoted what he called "realpolitik" in dealing with the Soviet Union and Communist China. He was a major force behind the 1973 ceasefire in the Vietnam War. He won a Nobel Peace Prize for the ceasefire, but the agreement fell apart in 1975. Under Kissinger, the US opened up relations to China, which is considered one of his biggest successes. He also supported détente, an easing of the rivalry with the Soviets.

Later years
In his later years, Kissinger — along with William Perry, Sam Nunn, and George Shultz — called upon governments to reduce nuclear weapons, and in three Wall Street Journal articles proposed a program of urgent steps to that end. The four have created the Nuclear Security Project to advance this cause.
Legacy
His legacy is often debated by historians. Some people criticize him, even calling him a criminal, for his tactics during the cold war, notably supporting a military junta in Chile and backing Pakistan during the Bangladesh War. Many people, however, consider Kissinger a great figure in modern American history who ended the Vietnam War, opened up China, and supported peace in the Cold War.

References

Other websites

Annotated Bibliography for Henry Kissinger from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues 
Official Website of Henry A. Kissinger

"Charlie Rose"  A conversation with Henry Kissinger, December 16, 2008
Henry Kissinger speaks at the Asia Society, NYC, February 2007 
Kissinger's political donations 
NPR: Kissinger Speech at National Press Club . Towards the end [55:55], he responds to Hitchens.
1923 births
Living people
American autobiographers
American military personnel of World War II
American Nobel Prize winners
American political scientists
Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
German Jews
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Nobel Peace Prize winners
People of the Vietnam War
Politicians from Bavaria
Time People of the Year
United States Secretaries of State
German Nobel Prize winners
is a former Japanese football player. His brother Yasuhito Endo is also a footballer.

Biography
Endo was born in Kagoshima on September 18, 1975. After graduating from Kagoshima Jitsugyo High School, he joined J1 League club Yokohama Marinos (later Yokohama F. Marinos) in 1994. He debuted in 1995 and he played many matches as midfielder after the debut. In 1995, the club won the champions J1 League. From 1999, he became a regular player and the club won 2001 J.League Cup, 2003 and 2004 J1 League. However his opportunity to play decreased in 2005 and he moved to Vissel Kobe in July 2005. He retired end of 2007 season.

In July 1996, Endo was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 1996 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he wore the number 10 shirt for Japan and played 1 match against Brazil in first match. Japan won Brazil and it was known as "Miracle of Miami" (マイアミの奇跡) in Japan.

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="5"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="5"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1995||19||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|1996||2||1||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|1997||15||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|1998||16||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|1999||rowspan="7"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="7"|J1 League||29||4||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||4
|-
|2000||29||3||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2001||30||1||1||0||8||2||colspan="2"|-||39||3
|-
|2002||20||0||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||26||1
|-
|2003||26||3||3||0||7||1||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|-
|2004||22||1||1||0||4||0||2||0||29||1
|-
|2005||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||J1 League||15||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2006||J2 League||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2007||J1 League||3||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
229||14||18||0||40||4||2||0||289||18
229||14||18||0||40||4||2||0||289||18
|}

References
References

Other websites

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
Vissel Kobe players
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Fernando Moner (born 30 December 1967) is a former Argentine football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|All Nippon Airways||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||20||1||||||4||1||24||2
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||29||3||4||2||5||1||38||6
|-
|1994||31||0||2||0||2||0||35||0
|-
|2002||Yokohama||J. League 2||11||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
91||4||7||2||11||2||109||8
91||4||7||2||11||2||109||8
|}

References 

1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Toshiaki Imai (born 29 December 1954) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Fujitsu.

References

1954 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Vanderlei Luxemburgo (born 10 May 1952) is a former Brazilian football player and football coach. He has been four times winner of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, which is a record.

References 

1952 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Brazilian football managers
Real Madrid CF managers
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras managers
Shinya Aikawa (born 26 July 1983) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="6"|Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||4||2||0||0||1||0||5||2
|-
|2003||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||11||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2004||40||7||3||1||colspan="2"|-||43||8
|-
|2005||34||9||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|-
|2006||35||9||4||4||colspan="2"|-||39||13
|-
|2007||9||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Gifu||Football League||8||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||4
|-
|2008||J. League 2||14||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||16||2
155||33||12||7||1||0||168||40
155||33||12||7||1||0||168||40
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Takuto Hayashi (born 9 August 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||1||0||4||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2003||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2004||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||33||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|2006||38||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||39||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2008||41||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2009||51||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||55||0
|-
|2010||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
184||0||10||0||1||0||195||0
184||0||10||0||1||0||195||0
|}

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka
Norihiro Yamagishi (born 17 May 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="10"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="10"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2002||26||0||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2003||10||0||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2004||11||0||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2005||1||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2006||24||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2007||1||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2008||1||0||1||0||3||0||1||0||6||0
|-
|2009||11||0||1||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
85||0||12||0||29||0||1||0||127||0
85||0||12||0||29||0||1||0||127||0
|}

References
Urawa Red Diamonds 

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Tsuzuki was born in Heguri, Nara on April 18, 1978. After graduating from Kunimi High School, he joined J1 League side Gamba Osaka in 1997. He became the first choice goalkeeper in 2000 dislodging Hayato Okanaka but he was transferred to Urawa Reds at the end of the 2002 season after a row with manager Akira Nishino. At Reds, he battles with Norihiro Yamagishi for the position. From 2005, he completely played as first goalkeeper except for 2006 for injury. The club won the champions 2006 J1 League, 2003 J.League Cup, 2005 and 2006 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won the champions 2007 AFC Champions League and also won the 3rd place 2007 Club World Cup. However his opportunity to play decreased due to injury from 2009. He moved to Shonan Bellmare in June 2010. He retired end of the 2010 season.
In September 2000, Tsuzuki was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2000 Summer Olympics. But he did not play in the match behind Seigo Narazaki. In February 2001, Tsuzuki was selected the Japan national team for 2001 Confederations Cup. At this tournament, on April 8, he debuted against Brazil. Although he played only one game, Japan won the 2nd place. Because Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi and Seigo Narazaki played most matches for Japan in 2000s, Tsuzuki could hardly play in the match. He played 6 games for Japan until 2009.

Statistics
Statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="6"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="6"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1998||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1999||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2000||19||0||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2001||29||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|2002||12||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="8"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="8"|J1 League||20||0||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|2004||19||0||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|2005||33||0||3||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||45||0
|-
|2006||11||0||5||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2007||33||0||0||0||1||0||12||0||46||0
|-
|2008||33||0||1||0||2||0||3||0||39||0
|-
|2009||23||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2010||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||Shonan Bellmare||J1 League||15||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
250||0||16||0||33||0||15||0||314||0
250||0||16||0||33||0||15||0||314||0
|}
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||3||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}

References

Other websites

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Nara Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Shonan Bellmare players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Robson Ponte (born 6 November 1976) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="2"|Juventus||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|1996||||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|-
|1997||América-SP||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Guarani||rowspan="2"|Série A||16||7||||||||||||||16||7
|-
|1999||16||9||||||||||||||16||9

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||24||2||||||||||||||24||2
|-
|2000/01||12||0||||||||||||||12||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||8||||||||||||||31||8
|-
|2002/03||30||5||||||||||||||30||5
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||20||2||||||||||||||20||2
|-
|2004/05||23||2||||||||||||||23||2
|-
|2005||rowspan="6"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||16||8||5||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||24||9
|-
|2006||22||4||4||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||6
|-
|2007||33||7||0||0||2||0||12||5||47||12
|-
|2008||16||1||2||1||2||0||4||0||24||2
|-
|2009||28||4||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||33||5
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
33||16||||||||||||||33||16
140||19||||||||||||||140||19
115||24||12||3||14||2||16||5||157||34
288||59||12||3||14||2||16||5||330||69
|}

References
Urawa Red Diamonds 

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Tomislav Marić (born 28 January 1973) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Croatia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Ludwigsburg||||26||4||||||||||26||4
|-
|1993/94||||33||10||||||||||33||10
|-
|1994/95||Karlsruhe||Bundesliga||4||0||||||||||4||0
|-
|1995/96||Wattenscheid||2. Bundesliga||31||7||||||||||31||7
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Stuttgarter Kickers||rowspan="4"|2. Bundesliga||20||6||||||||||20||6
|-
|1997/98||33||7||||||||||33||7
|-
|1998/99||26||8||||||||||26||8
|-
|1999/00||33||21||||||||||33||21
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||30||6||||||||||30||6
|-
|2001/02||17||12||||||||||17||12
|-
|2002/03||27||12||||||||||27||12
|-
|2003/04||Borussia Mönchengladbach||Bundesliga||7||1||||||||||7||1
|-
|2004/05||Wolfsburg||Bundesliga||11||1||||||||||11||1

|-
|2005||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||13||8||5||6||3||0||21||14
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Hoffenheim||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||15||9||||||||||15||9
|-
|2006/07||32||8||||||||||32||8
|-
|2007/08||2. Bundesliga||0||0||||||||||0||0
345||112||||||||||345||112
13||8||5||6||3||0||21||14
358||120||5||6||3||0||366||126
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||5||1
|-
|2003||6||1
|-
!Total||11||2
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
Ichiei Muroi (born 22 June 1974) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993||rowspan="7"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|1996||14||1||0||0||14||1||28||2
|-
|1997||13||1||1||0||9||0||23||1
|-
|1998||8||0||4||1||4||0||16||1
|-
|1999||8||0||0||0||3||0||11||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 2||23||1||3||1||2||0||28||2
|-
|2001||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2001||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||10||0||5||1||0||0||15||1
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||14||0||1||0||7||0||22||0
|-
|2003||18||1||0||0||8||0||26||1
|-
|2004||12||1||0||0||4||0||16||1
|-
|2005||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||5||0||15||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Yokohama||J. League 2||8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2007||J. League 1||9||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
152||5||19||3||57||1||228||9
152||5||19||3||57||1||228||9
|}

References
References

1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
(Afrikaans for Boer music) is a kind of South African instrumental folk music.  Its was made to go with social dancing at parties and festivals.

History
Boeremusiek is from Europe. It was brought to South Africa and changed into its own style. It is thought to have got to South Africa by British Empire military bands.

Style
Every artist or band comes up with their own sound and style. They make up their own style by playing different types of concertinas and using different instruments in the band. 

A concertina is similar to an accordion and is the lead instrument in most Boeremusiek bands. There are many different types of concertinas, which is why Boeremusiek has so many sounds and styles, and the construction the concertina is what makes the different sounds in the Boeremusiek band; it depends on where the slots and holes are put makes the difference on the sound that the concertina makes.
Other instruments that might be in a Boeremusiek band are piano accordions, button harmonicas, accordions, pianos, harmoniums and the guitar. Sometimes, a cello or bass guitar may be seen.  

Today, there are many successful Boeremusiek bands that have recorded albums. Some famous bands and individual artists today are Klipwerf Boereorkes, Danie Grey, Nico Carstens, Taffie Kikkilus, Brian Nieuwoudt, Samuel Petzer, Worsie Visser and Die Ghitaar Man.

References

Folk music
The Military Merit Cross (German: Militärverdienstkreuz, Croatian: Vojni križ za zasluge) was a decoration of the Empire of Austria and, after the establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867, the Empire of Austria-Hungary. It was first established on 22 October 1849 and underwent several revisions to its design and award criteria over the years of its existence. It became obsolete in 1918 with the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

References

Military honors
Orders, decorations, and medals
Austria-Hungary
Terry Ray Gordy, Jr. (born 23 March 1979) is a retired American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he appeared on their SmackDown brand under the ring names Jesse and Slam Master J. In WWE, he was known for tagging with Drew Hankinson where they made the team of Jesse and Festus. He is the son of the wrestler Terry Gordy of the Fabulous Freebirds. Gordy currently works as a police officer in Atlanta, Georgia.

References

1979 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Former WWE wrestlers
Microsoft Bing (or Bing) is a search engine. It used to be called Windows Live Search and MSN Search. Microsoft calls it a "decision engine", meaning that Bing tries to interpret search queries and give people better search results compared to a typical search engine, helping the user make better decisions. Bing concentrates on four major areas: shopping, travel, local and health. A preview version was made available for everyone to use on June 1, 2009, and the website was fully launched on June 3, 2009. The website quickly became popular after a few weeks.

On July 29, 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo! announced that Bing would power Yahoo! Search. All Yahoo! Search global customers and partners will be shifted to Bing by early 2012.

In October 2011, Microsoft announced "Tiger", a new internal search computer program for Bing. When it was finished, Bing delivered faster and more relevant search results for users. It has been incorporated into Bing since August 2011.
On February 7, 2023, Microsoft launched a preview version of its Bing search engine, which is powered by OpenAI's large language model. The new version of Bing is called "the new Bing" and is customized for search.

Features 
Bing includes the listing of search suggestions as queries are entered. It lists related searches (called "Explore pane") based on semantic technology from Powerset that Microsoft purchased in 2008.

Every day, Bing.com displays a different picture that users can click on parts of to learn more about. These pictures can be about different places around the world, or nature, or even sometimes things in outer space.

Media features 
 Video thumbnail Preview where, by hovering over a video thumbnail, the video automatically starts playing
 Image search with continuous scrolling images results page that has adjustable settings for size, layout, color, style and people.
 Video search with adjustable setting for length, screen size, resolution and source

References
References

Other websites 
 Bing
 Bing for Mobile
 Discover Bing
 Decision Engine
 Bing Community
 Bing Webmaster Center
 Bing Developer Center

2009 establishments in the United States
Microsoft websites
Search engines
The Boy Scouts of America or BSA is an organization for children and teens with over 5 million members across the United States. They try to give young people life values. BSA includes Cub Scouts, which is for children ages 6–11, Scouts BSA, which is for youth ages 11–17, and Venturing, Sea Scouts, and Exploring for youth ages 14–20. Scouts BSA was called Boy Scouts until it started allowing girls in 2018.

Organization
Scouts BSA are ages 11–17 and belong to troops, groups of Scouts associated with a church, school or post. Cub Scouts are scouts ages 6–11 and belong to packs.  Cub Scouts include Tigers (age 6-7), Wolfs (age 7-8), Bears (age 8-9), and Webelos (age 9-11). Older Scouts can be Venturer Scouts.
History
The Boy Scouts of America were founded by American writer W. D. Boyce, in 1910, but were similar to Scouting groups in Great Britain and other early scout movements. James E. West helped out the BSA in its early years, but also made the BSA more religious than scouts were in Europe.  Scouting grew in the 1910s and 20s due to the rise of “boy’s books” devoted to Scouting and the First World War.  Scouting had many members during the 1960s, but has declined since the 1970s, despite an attempt to make scouting modern by changing requirements and adding more merit badges.

Controversies
Over the years, the BSA has taken some stands that many Americans did not like. These included being against unions (organized workers) in the 1920s, requiring Scouts to believe in God, and not allowing gays to join Scouting.
Rank
An important part of scouting is earning ranks. There are seven ranks in Scouts BSA: Scout, Tenderfoot, 2nd Class, 1st Class, Star, Life and Eagle. The first four focus on learning basic scout skills, including camping, cooking, swimming, first aid (basic medical care), citizenship,  orienteering (use of a map and compass), and pioneering (tying knots). The final three focus on earning merit badges, serving the troop and serving the community.  Eagle Scouts must plan and finish a project that benefits something other than Scouting, and earn 21 merit badges. They must also hold a position of leadership in the troop. Only about 2 or 3% of Scouts earn Eagle, but some of the ones that have include Gerald Ford and Neil Armstrong.

Oath and law 
Scouts must learn, know and follow the Scout Oath and Scout Law:
Scout Oath 
These are the words of the Scout Oath:
 "On my honor I will do my best, to do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law; to help other people at all times; to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight".

Scout Law 
A scout is:
trustworthy,
loyal,
helpful,
friendly, 
courteous,
kind,
obedient, 
cheerful,
thrifty,
brave,
clean, and
reverent.

Related pages
Girl Scouts of the USA
Scouting movement
Philmont Scout Ranch

References

Scouting
Organizations based in Texas
Counterfeit is the sale or manufacture of items that have not been made by real companies or have been made illegally. Nearly anything can be counterfeit, but most counterfeiting is of clothing and other small items such as bags, medicines, money, watches, or jewellery. Most things can be sold without people realizing that they are counterfeit and that they could possibly be breaking the law by buying the counterfeit goods.

Money can also be counterfeited. Sometimes people make fake cash, and this is considered to be counterfeit. The United States Secret Service investigates people who do this.

References

Organized crime
Limoux () is a French commune, a subprefecture in the Aude department. It is in the Occitanie region. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Limoux.

Geography
Limoux is along the Aude river and is about  due south of Carcassonne.

The commune of Limoux has an area of . Its average altitude is  and the city hall is an altitude of .

The commune of Limoux is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The climate of Limoux, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - oceanic climate with warm summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Limoux are known, in French, as Limouxins (women: Limouxines).

With a population of 10,275, Limoux has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

      
Evolution of the population in Limoux

Limoux forms, with other 4 communes, the urban area of Limoux with a population of 12,883 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Limoux, formed by 16 communes with a population of 15,560 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Administration 
Limoux is a subprefecture of the Aude department, the capital of the arrondissement of Limoux and the administrative centre () of the canton La Région Limouxine, with 19,978 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Le Limouxin ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Limoux is twinned with:
  Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Catalonia, Spain

Culture

The town is well known for its wine called Limoux wine. It also has a Winter festival called Fècos. It is often called Carnaval de Limoux in France. It is usually between January and Easter.

Markets
 Weekly market every Friday (or Thursday if a public holiday falls on a Friday).
 Flea market or Brocante the first Sunday of each month on the Promenade du Tivoli.
 Evening markets on Tuesdays in July and August.
Places of interest
 The Musée Petiet (Tourist Information Office),
 Musée du Piano (Museum of the piano)
 CathaRama (a history of the Cathar movement).
 Winery tours at Sieur d'Arques and Aimery.
 Jardin aux Plantes la Bouichère - Flassian, 2 hectares of gardens which is home to various collections of increasingly rare plant varieties.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Limoux
 Communes of the Aude department

References

Other websites

 Mairie de Limoux website 
 Photos of Limoux
 Aude in photos: Limoux (163 photos) 
 Site de la Bande de Carnaval de Limoux ’Les Limouxins’ 

Communes in Aude
Subprefectures in France
Tamaddun Majlish () was an Islamic cultural organization in East Bengal. Tamddun Majlish was the founder of the historic Language Movement.

Organisations based in Bangladesh
Islamic organizations
The Sindh Valley, is a valley in a mountain range which is north of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir. The valley begins in Gandarbal and ends near Baltal and the start of the Zojila Pass. Sindh Valley is the main route between Kashmir and Central Asia.

Related pages
 Zojila Pass

Mountain passes of Pakistan
Valleys
Paktia ( - Paktyā) is a province under Afghanistan. Its capital (city) is Gardez.  There are about 1.3 million people who live in the Province.  Most of the people are Pashtun.

Districts
Paktia is made up of 14 district (District Centers are given in parentheses):

References
Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun for short) was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services. Sun contributed to many important computing technologies, such as Unix, RISC processors, thin client computing, and virtualized computing. Sun created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, the Network File System (NFS), and the SPARC instruction set. Sun was founded on February 24, 1982. Sun's headquarters were in Santa Clara, California. In January 2010, it was bought by Oracle Corporation.

References

1982 establishments in California
 
Santa Clara, California
Companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
American computer hardware manufacturers
American software companies
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Defunct software companies
The water strider (also known as the pond skater) is a true bug, an insect of the family Gerridae. It can run across the surface of water. It lives on ponds and slow-running streams. It rarely goes underwater. The underside of the body is covered with water-repellent hair. There are around 500 known species, commonly placed in around 60 genera. Also called the Jesus bug (walks on water).

Hemiptera
A bowler is a person who bowls or delivers a ball to the batsman in the game of cricket. Unlike the pitcher in a game of baseball, a bowler delivers with a straight arm (see photo). A ball bowled with the elbow bent is a throw, and that is illegal. If the bowler bowls while not in the right part of the nonstriker's ground, or bowls the ball out of the reach of the striking batter, that is also illegal. Illegal bowling gives the batting team 1 point, mostly can't get players out, and doesn't count toward the limit on the number of deliveries in the game. 

A bowler who can also bat well, is called an all rounder. There are different types of bowler, and a cricket team will usually have a mix of different types.
Fast bowler 
A fast bowler uses simple speed to defeat a batsman. They can send the ball to the batsman at a speed of 145 km/h. They take a long run up before bowling each ball to build speed. Shoaib Akhtar of Pakistan was the first to bowl at a speed of 160 km/h. Another famous fast bowler is Australian Brett Lee.

Medium pace bowler 

A medium pace bowler bowls more slowly. They often use other tricks to defeat the batsman. They can get the ball able to curve in the air or change the speed or length (where the ball hits the ground) to fool the batsman. Some are very accurate so they can repeatedly send the ball to a place which forces the batsman to defend rather than scoring runs. Others grip the ball so that it lands on its seam; this makes the path of the ball unpredictable.