Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
From 2001 
 2002  Ray Conniff, American bandleader and musician (b. 1916).
 2002  Audrey Mestre, French diver (b. 1974).
 2003  Jim Cairns, Australian politician (b. 1914).
 2003  Willie Shoemaker, American jockey (b. 1931).
 2006  Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian movie director (b. 1919).
 2007  Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect (b. 1934).
 2009  Frank Vandenbroucke, Belgian cyclist (b. 1974).
 2010  Manuel Alexandre, Spanish actor (b. 1917).
 2011  Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist (b. 1941).
 2012  Sukhdev Singh Kang, 14th Governor of Kerala (b. 1931).
 2013  Oscar Hijuelos, American writer (b. 1951).
 2014  Roberto Telch, Argentine footballer (b. 1943).
 2014  Ali Mazrui, Kenyan professor and writer (b. 1931).
 2015  Abdallah Kigoda, Tanzanian politician (b. 1953).
 2015  Joan Leslie, American actress and dancer (b. 1925).
 2017  Muntaka Connmassie, Nigerian jurist (b. 1946).
 2018  Pik Botha, South African politician (b. 1932).
 2019  Mel Aull, Canadian football player (b. 1928).
2019  Carlo Croccolo, Italian actor (b. 1927).
 2019  Sara Danius, Swedish writer and professor (b. 1962).
 2019  Reg Watson, Australian television producer (b. 1926).
 2019  Yoshihiza Yoshikawa, Japanese sports shooter (b. 1936).
Observances 
 Many observances relating to Christopher Columbus reaching the Caribbean, celebrated around the Americas and Spain.
 Independence Day (Equatorial Guinea).

Days of the year
1806 (MDCCCVII) was .

Events 
 August 6 – The last Holy Roman Emperor quits, ending the Holy Roman Empire and founding the Austrian Empire.
Up to 1900 
 1174 - William the Lion of Scotland is captured at Alnwick, Northumberland, by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
 1249 - Alexander III of Scotland is crowned King.
 1260 - The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
 1501 - Basel joins the Swiss Confederation.
 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
 1573 - Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
 1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down – In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
 1772 - James Cook starts his second voyage from Plymouth, England.
1787 – The United States Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, one of the leaders of the French Revolution, is murdered by Charlotte Corday.
 1794 – Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
 1814 - The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is founded.
 1822 – Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
 1832 - Henry Rowe Schoolcraft finds Lake Itasca, the source of the Mississippi River.
 1837 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first Buckingham Palace in London and is the first British monarch to live there.
 1863 – New York Draft Riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia and Montenegro become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
 1900 – Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers.
1901  2000 
 1908 – Women compete in modern Olympics for the first time.
 1909 – Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario.
 1919 – The British airship R-34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
 1923 - Originally reading "Hollywoodland", the Hollywood Sign is unveiled in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.
 1930 – The first FIFA World Cup begins in Uruguay. The first goal is scored by France's Lucien Laurent against Mexico.
 1936 – A heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States. The all-time highest temperatures for the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana are all recorded on this date.
 1941 – World War II: Montenegrins start the first popular uprising in Europe against the Axis Powers on 13 July.
 1942 – World War II: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
 1962 - Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Harold Macmillan  dismisses seven members of his cabinet.
1972 – The United States Democratic Party nominates George McGovern for President at its convention in Miami Beach, Florida but, because of an impassioned platform dispute, McGovern does not give his acceptance speech until the early morning hours of the 14th.
 1973 – Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
 1977 – The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
 1977 - Somalia declares war on Ethiopia.
 1978 – Ford Motor Company President Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.
 1982 – Montreal hosts the first baseball All-Star Game outside the United States.
 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
 1990 - An earthquake centred in Afghanistan causes an avalanche that kills 43 people on Pik Lenina.
1996 – A Garuda Indonesia Airways DC-10 crashes on take-off from Fukuoka Airport, Japan, killing 3 passengers.
 2000 - A landslide hits the slum quarter of Mumbai, killing 250 people.
 2000 - A mudslide in Shaanxi province, China, kills 120 people.
From 2001 
 2001 - Beijing is given the right to host the 2008 Summer Olympics.
 2002 – A lighting strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km²) when finally contained on September 5.
 2004 – The Flag of Montenegro is adopted.
 2005 – Space Shuttle Discovery launches in the Return to Flight program.
 2011 - Bombings during evening rush hour in Mumbai kill 26 people.
 2014 - 2014 FIFA World Cup: The Germany national football team wins the FIFA World Cup, defeating the Argentina national football team 1-0 late in extra time through Mario Götze, at the Maracana in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
 2016 - Theresa May becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, succeeding David Cameron.
 2018 - A terrorist attack in Mastung, Pakistan, kills 149 people.
 2019 - Tennis: Simona Halep wins the Wimbledon women's singles title, defeating Serena Williams in straight sets (6-2, 6-2).

Births
Up to 1900 
 100 BC – Julius Caesar (or July 12), statesman and military leader (died 44 BC)
 AD 40 – Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain (died 93)
 1527 – John Dee, English scientist (died 1609)
 1579 - Arthur Dee, English physician (died 1651)
 1590 – Pope Clement X (died 1676)
 1607 - Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and illustrator (died 1677)
 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1657)
 1760 - István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest and writer (died 1829)
 1770 - Alexander Balashov, Russian general (died 1837)
 1773 - Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, German jurist and writer (died 1798)
 1776 - Caroline of Baden (died 1841)
 1783 - Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (died 1853)
 1787 - Pellegrino Rossi, Italian politician, economist and jurist (died 1848)
 1791 - Allan Cunningham, British botanist and explorer (died 1839)
 1793 - John Clare, English poet (died 1864)
 1798 - Alexandra Feodorovna, German-born consort of Nicholas I of Russia (died 1860)
1808 - Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta, French general and statesman (died 1893)
 1808 - Antonio Arenas, President of Peru (died 1891)
 1811 – George Gilbert Scott, English architect (died 1878)
 1813 – Theophil Hansen, Danish architect (died 1891)
 1816 – Gustav Freytag, writer (died 1895)
 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan leader (died 1877)
 1826 - Stanislao Cannizzaro, Italian chemist (died 1910)
 1831 - Arthur Boettcher, Baltic German pathologist and anatomist (died 1889)
 1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect (died 1918)
 1859 - Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, British economist (died 1947)
 1861 - Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (died 1942)
 1862 - Petar Gudev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (died 1932)
 1863 - Margaret Murray, English archaeologist, anthropologist and historian (died 1963)
 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American entrepreneur (died 1912)
 1866 - La Goulue, French dancer (died 1929)
1876 - William Michaels, American heavyweight boxer (died 1934)
 1877 - Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister of Denmark (died 1962)
 1889 - Louise Mountbatten, consort of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (died 1965)
 1889 - Hjalmar Andersson, Swedish runner (died 1971)
 1891 - Fréhel, French chanson singer and actress (died 1951)
 1894 – Isaak Babel, Ukrainian writer (died 1940)
 1895 - Sidney Blackmer, American actor (died 1973)
 1896 - Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (died 1992)
 1898 - Julius Schreck, German SS commander (died 1936)
 1900 – George Lewis, American jazz musician (died 1969)
 1900 - Teresa of the Andes, Chilean nun and saint (died 1920)
1901  1950 
 1907 - George Weller, American writer, playwright and journalist (died 2002)
 1908 - Dorothy Round, English tennis player (died 1982)
 1909 - Souphanouvong, Laotian politician (died 1995)
 1913 – Dave Garroway, American television host (died 1982)
 1913 – Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller, Danish shipping magnate (died 2012)
 1915 - Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese university professor (died 1989)
 1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (died 1955)
 1919 – William F. Quinn, 1st State Governor of Hawaii (died 2006)
 1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian-American movie score composer (died 1999)
 1921 - Tullio Ilomets, Estonian chemist and science historian (died 2018)
 1922 – Anker Jorgensen, former Prime Minister of Denmark (died 2016)
 1923 - Alexandre Astruc, French film director and critic (died 2016)
 1924 – Carlo Bergonzi, Italian tenor (died 2014)
 1924 - Michel Constantin, French actor (died 2003)
 1927 – Simone Veil, French politician (died 2017)
 1928 – Bob Crane, American actor, (died 1978)
1928 – Mace Neufeld, movie producer
 1928 - Sven Davidson, Swedish tennis player (died 2008)
 1929 - Sofia Muratova, Soviet gymnast (died 2006)
 1929 – Alan Civil, English French horn player (died 1989)
 1930 - Viktor Tsybulenko, Ukrainian javelin thrower (died 2013)
 1931 - Ernie Colón, American comic artist (died 2019)
 1931 - Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach (died 2018)
 1932 - Hubert Reeves, Canadian astrophysicist
 1933 - Patsy Byrne, English actress (died 2014)
 1933 – David Storey, English writer (died 2017)
 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer and Nobel Prize winner
 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Soviet cosmonaut
 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and Vice Presidential candidate (died 2009)
 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
 1936 – Albert Ayler, American jazz musician (died 1970)
 1938 - Michael Verhoeven, German movie director
 1938 - David Mitton, English model-maker (died 2008)
 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor
1940 - Paul Prudhomme, American chef (died 2015)
 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor
 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director and producer
 1941 – Luis Alberto Lacalle, former President of Uruguay
 1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor
 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American musician
 1943 – Fabrizio Poletti, Italian footballer
 1944 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor, sculptor, and architect
 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
 1948 - Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
 1948 - Daphne Maxwell Reid, American actress
 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, politician in the Republic of China
 1950 - Jurelang Zedkaia, President of the Marshall Islands (died 2015)
 1950 - George Nelson, American astronaut
1951  1975 
 1951 - Didi Conn, American actress
 1951 - Rob Bishop, American politician
 1953 - Mila Mulroney, wife of former Prime Minister of Canada Brian Mulroney
 1954 – Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer and songwriter
 1956 - Michael Spinks, American boxer
 1956 - Günther Jauch, German television presenter
 1957 - Phil Margera, American television personality
 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American movie director and writer
 1960 - Ian Hislop, British journalist, writer and editor
 1961 - Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
 1962 - Tom Kenny, American comedian and actor
 1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American bluegrass singer
 1963 – Neal Foulds, English snooker player
 1963 - Kenny Johnson, American actor, producer and model
 1965 - Akina Nakamori, Japanese singer and actress
 1966 - Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-British conductor
 1967 - Benny Benassi, Italian singer and DJ
 1967 - Akira Hokuto, Japanese professional wrestler
 1969 - Barney Greenway, English singer-songwriter
1969 - Kakhi Kakhiashvili, Georgian-Greek weightlifter
 1969 - Kim Jeong, American comedian and actor
 1969 - Oles Buzina, Ukrainian journalist and writer (d. 2015)
 1970 – Barry Pinches, English snooker player
 1972 - Rodrigo Gularte, Brazilian drug trafficker (d. 2015)
 1973 - Ariel Zarate, Argentine footballer
 1973 - Roberto Martinez, Spanish footballer and football manager
 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian Formula 1 racer
 1974 - Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
 1975 - Danni Boatwright, American model and sportscaster
From 1976 
 1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
 1977 – Ashley Scott, American actress
 1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
 1979 – Jonathan Goulet, Canadian mixed martial artist
 1979 – Fernando Salazar, Mexican footballer
 1980 – Kousuke Atari, Japanese singer
 1981 – Fran Kranz, American actor
 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian racing cyclist
 1981 – Ineta Radevica, Latvian athlete
 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese athlete
 1983 – Carmen Villalobos, Colombian actress
 1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer
 1985 – Charlotte Dujardin, British equestrian
 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
 1987 – Tulisa Contostavlos, English singer (N-Dubz)
 1987 – Ajmal Kasab, Pakistani Islamist terrorist (died 2012)
 1988 – He Pingping, world's smallest man (died 2010)
 1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor, model and singer
 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor
 1989 – Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
 1989 – Juan Fernando Caicedo, Colombian footballer
1990 – Matt Weinberg, American actor
 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentine footballer
 1990 – Jonathan Mensah, Ghanaian footballer
 1991 – Tyler Skaggs, American baseball player (d. 2019)
 1992 – Dylan Patton, American actor
 1994 – Ridge Canipe, American actor
 1995 – Dante Exum, Australian basketball player
 1997 – Leo Howard, American actor, model and martial artist
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 574 - Pope John III
 678 - Aisha, wife of the prophet Muhammad (b. 612)
 716 - Rui Zong, Chinese Tang Dynasty Emperor (b. 662)
 939 - Pope Leo VII
 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
 1189 - Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (b. 1156)
 1299 – King Eric II of Norway (b. 1268)
 1399 - Peter Parler, German architect (b. 1330)
 1402 – Zhu Yunwen, Emperor of China (b. 1377)
 1621 - Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
 1629 - Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
 1645 – Tsar Michael of Russia (b. 1596)
 1705 - Titus Oates, English conspirator (b. 1649)
 1761 – Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French revolutionary (b. 1743)
 1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, cardinal and pretender to the British throne (b. 1725)
 1882 - Johnny Ringo, American outlaw (b. 1850)
 1890 - John C. Fremont, American general and politician (b. 1813)
 1896 - August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (b. 1829)
1901  2000 
 1921 - Gabriel Lippmann, French physicist and inventor (b. 1845)
 1934 - Mary E. Byrd, American educator and astronomer (b. 1849)
 1936 - José Calvo Sotelo, Spanish politician (b. 1893) (murdered)
 1941 - Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
 1945 - Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, scriptwriter and producer (b. 1879)
 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
 1949 - Walt Kuhn, American painter and cartoonist (b. 1877)
 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
 1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
 1955 – Ruth Ellis, British murderer (b. 1926)
 1967 – Tom Simpson, British cyclist (b. 1937)
 1973 - Willy Fritsch, German actor (b. 1901)
 1974 - Marthe Vinot, French actress (b. 1894)
 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist (b. 1897)
 1976 - Frederick Hawksworth, British engineer (b. 1884)
 1976 – Joachim Peiper, SS officer (b. 1915)
 1980 – Seretse Khama, first President of Botswana (b. 1921)
1992 – Albert Pierrepoint, British executioner (b. 1905)
 1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman, Lego group (b. 1920)
 1998 - Konstantinos Kallios, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
From 2001 
 2002 – Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born photographer (b. 1908)
 2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban musician (b. 1907)
 2004 – Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b. 1930)
 2006 – Red Buttons, American actor (b. 1919)
 2008 - Bronislaw Geremek, Polish historian and writer (b. 1932)
 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American baseball team owner (b. 1930)
 2012 - Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
 2012 - Richard D. Zanuck, American movie producer (b. 1934)
 2013 - Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1982)
 2014 - Lorin Maazel, French-American conductor and composer (b. 1930)
 2014 - Jan Nolten, Dutch road bicycle racer (b. 1930)
 2014 - Nadine Gordimer, South African writer and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1923)
 2014 - Gert Voss, German actor (b. 1941)
 2015 - Philipp Missfelder, German politician (b. 1979)
 2015 - Joan Sebastian, Mexican actor, singer and composer (b. 1951)
 2015 - Arturo Paoli, Italian priest and missionary (b. 1912)
 2016 - El Lebrijano, Spanish flamenco singer (b. 1941)
2016 - Héctor Babenco, Argentine-Brazilian movie director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1946)
 2016 - Hollis L. Harris, American airline executive (b. 1931)
 2016 - Carolyn See, American writer and critic (b. 1934)
 2016 - Bernardo Provenzano, Italian crime boss (b. 1933)
 2017 - Liu Xiaobo, Chinese human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner (b. 1955)
 2017 - Américo Amorim, Portuguese businessman (b. 1934)
 2017 - Vince Farrar, English rugby league player (b. 1947)
 2017 - Fresh Kid Ice, American rapper (2 Live Crew) (b. 1964)
 2017 - Héctor Lechuga, Mexican comedian, actor and radio presenter (b. 1927)
 2017 - Joaquim Molins i Amat, Catalan politician (b. 1945)
 2017 - Abdul-Rahman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi prince (b. 1931)
 2017 - Charles Bachman, American computer scientist (b. 1924)
 2017 - Marie-Josephine Gaudette, American-Italian nun and supercentenarian (b. 1902)
 2017 - Gertrude Poe, American journalist (b. 1915)
 2017 - Carl E. Reichardt, American banking executive (b. 1931)
2018 - Stan Dragoti, American movie director (b. 1932)
 2018 - Ray Frenette, Canadian politician (b. 1935)
 2018 - Frank Giroud, French comics writer (b. 1956)
 2018 - Claudio Pieri, Italian football referee (b. 1940)
 2018 - Claude Seignolle, French writer (b. 1917)
 2018 - Thorvald Stoltenberg, Norwegian politician (b. 1931)
 2019 - Richard Carter, Australian actor (b. 1953)
 2019 - Augusto Fantozzi, Italian lawyer and politician (b. 1940)
 2019 - Sadashiv Vasantrao Gorakshkar, Indian writer and curator (b. 1933)
 2019 - Rod Richards, Welsh politician (b. 1947)
 2019 - Paolo Sardi, Italian cardinal (b. 1934)
Holidays and observances 
 Kiribati – Independence Day, 2nd day (not a holiday)
 Mongolia – Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
 Montenegro – Statehood Day
 Bahá'í Faith – Feast of Kálimát (Words) – First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í Calendar
 Bon Festival – Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan)

Other websites 
 BBC: On This Day

Days of the year
1836 was a leap year.

Events 
 The Year without a Summer
 Pepsian discovered.
 Charles Dickens writes and publishes his first book, The Pickwick Papers.
 First railway opens in Australia, a carriage on rails, pushed by convicts at Port Arthur, Tasmania

Deaths
 March 6 – Davy Crockett, American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician (b. 1786)
White is the brightest color. White light can be made by putting all the other colors of light on the spectrum together. These other colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

Meaning of white 

White is linked with light, goodness, innocence, purity, cleanliness and virginity. It is sometimes thought to be the color of perfection. The opposite of black, white usually has a positive connotation. White can stand for a successful beginning. In heraldry, white depicts faith and purity. 

In advertising, white is linked with coolness and cleanliness because it is the color of snow. You can use white to show simplicity in high-tech products. White is an appropriate color for charitable organizations; angels are usually imagined wearing white clothes. White is associated with hospitals, doctors, and cleanliness, so you can use white to show safety when promoting medical products. White is often linked with low weight, low-fat food, and dairy products.
Tones of white color comparison chart
 White (Hex: FFFFFF) (RGB: 255, 255, 255)
 Baby Powder (Hex: FEFEFA) (RGB: 254, 254, 250)
 Snow (Hex: FFFAFA) (RGB: 255, 250, 250)
 Ivory (Pale Yellow) (Hex: FFFFF0) (RGB: 255, 255, 240)
 White Smoke (Hex: F5F5F5) (RGB 245, 245, 245)
 Ghost White (Hex: F8F8FF) (RGB 245, 245, 245)
 Cosmic Latte (Hex: E1F8E7) (RGB: 225, 248, 231)
 Gainsboro (Hex: DCDCDC) (RGB: 220, 220, 220)
 Quartz (Hex: D9D9F3) (RGB: 217, 217, 220)

Related pages
 List of colors

Basic English 850 words
French Guiana () is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America. By land area, it is the second largest region of France (after Nouvelle-Aquitaine) and the largest overseas department of France and of the European Union.

Its prefecture and largest city is Cayenne.

Name 
Guiana comes from an Amerindian language (Arawak) that  means "land of many waters". The addition of the word "French" in most languages other than French comes from colonial times when there were five in the region; they were, from west to east:
 Spanish Guiana (now Guayana Region in Venezuela)
 British Guiana (now Guyana)
 Dutch Guiana, (now Suriname)
 French Guiana (now Guyane)
 Portuguese Guiana (now Amapá in Brazil).

French Guiana and the two larger countries to the north and west, Guyana and Suriname, are still often collectively referred to as the Guianas and form the Guiana Shield.

Geography
Geography 

French Guiana borders two countries: Surinam to the west,  and Brazil to the east and south. To the north is the Atlantic Ocean. There are two main geographical regions: a coastal strip where the majority of the people live, and a dense rainforest which gradually rises to the modest peaks of the Tumuc-Humac mountains along the Brazilian frontier.

The highest point in the department is Bellevue de l'Inini Bellevue de l'Inini in the Maripasoula commune; it is () high. Other mountains are Mont Machalou (), Pic Coudreau () and Mont St Marcel ().

Several small islands are found off the coast, the three Îles du Salut which include Devil's Island, and the isolated Îles du Connétable further along the coast towards Brazil.

The Petit-Saut Dam in the north of the department forms an artificial lake and provides hydroelectricity. There are many rivers in French Guiana.

It is the French department with more forests, 98% of the department is covered with an equatorial forest.
, the Amazon rainforest in the most southern part of the department, is protected as the Guiana Amazonian Park, one of the ten national parks of France. The territory of the park covers some  in the communes of Camopi, Maripasoula, Papaïchton, Saint-Élie and Saül.

Climate 
The climate in Cayenne, at an altitude of  above sea level, is of the subtype Af (Tropical Rainforest Climate also known as Equatorial Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.

The average temperature for the year in Cayenne is . The warmest month, on average, is September with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Cayenne is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is September with an average of . There is an average of 201.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in May with 27.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in September with 5.0 days.

Administration
The department of French Guiana is managed by the Collectivité territorial de la Guyane in Cayenne.

Administrative divisions
There are 2 arrondissements (districts) and 22 communes (municipalities) in French Guiana. The cantons of the department were eliminated on 31 December 2015 by the Law 2011-884 of 27 July 2011.

The 22 communes in the department are:

Demographics
The inhabitants of French Guiana are known, in French, as Guyanais (women: Guyanaises).
French Guiana has a population, in 2014, of 252,338, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The city with more people living in it is the capital, Cayenne (55,817 inhabitants). The subprefecture of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni has 44,169 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in French Guiana

Economy 
The main traditional industries are fishing, gold mining and timber. The Guiana Space Centre of the European Space Agency has played a significant role in the local economy since it was established in Kourou in 1964.

Devils Island Prison
Three Islands off the coast were used by the French Government from 1852 to 1953 as Prison Islands.
They were:
Royale Island
Saint-Joseph Island used for solitary confinement in silence and darkness for escape attempts
Devils Island for political prisoners [Dreyfus was kept here]
Convicts who were sentenced to more than 8 years and survived and served their terms could not return to  France but were required to stay on as involunatary settlers for the rest of their lives.
Famous Inmates:
Alfred Dreyfus
Henri Charrière  [b.16 November 1906-d.19 July 1973]  aka Papillion (Butterfly). A Burglar and safe cracker he was convicted 26 October 1931 of the Murder of a pimp named Roland Le Petit [ He admitted being a criminal but denied the murder charge]. He was sentenced to life in prison and ten years of hard labour. He married Georgette Fourel, mayor of the 1st arrondissement of Paris, on December 22, 1931. [They divorced on 8 July 1970 by decision of the Paris High Court]. After a brief imprisonment at the transit prison of Beaulieu in Caen, France, he was transported in 1933 to the prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni on the Maroni River, in the penal settlement of mainland French Guiana. He claimed to have engaged several  escapes from 1933 to 1941 when he finally succeeded in escaping. In 1942 he was arrested and sent to a brutal penal settlement in El Dorado, Bolivar State, Venezuela. After a year of imprisonment, Charrière was released with identity papers on 3 July 1944
. Five years later he was given Venezuelan citizenship; he became a businessman and married again. His 1969 autobiography became a best selling book and later made into a movie with Steve McQueen and Dustin Hoffman. French records of his life from 1933 to 1944 present a different account: He left the citadel of Saint-Martin-de-Ré on 29 September 1933 aboard the Martinière and landed on 14 October with the status of "transported" to Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. There is little time left in the transportation camp as he is assigned as a nursing assistant to the André-Bouron Colonial Hospital, where he sees many inmates returning from the run and tell him their escape stories from which he will draw inspiration. This place prevents him from the work of logging sites or agricultural concessions that annihilate convicts in a few months. He escaped for the first time on September 5, 1934, but failed in Colombia, a country that returned escaped convicts to France
. Judging by the Special Maritime Court, he spent two years in the cells of the St. Joseph's Island Seclusion. Several times transferred, he ended up as a nurse-chief in an Indochinese camp on the Guyanese mainland, the Cascades forest camp from which he escaped on the night of March 18-19, 1944, along with four other companions.]
Gallery

References

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the French Guiana department

Other websites

 Collectivité territorial de Guyane website 
 Prefecture website 
 Guyane-Amazonie Tourism
Nigger is a racist insult against black people. It is also known as the "hard R", because the word ends in 'er' instead of 'a', as in the word "nigga". The word "nigga" is used in pop culture slang by black people. However, it is commonly used by those who believe that white people are better than black people.

The word came from a slang way to say "negro". That is the word for the color black and for black people in Spanish and Portuguese. Before 1865, most black people in the United States were slaves. During that time, the word "nigger" commonly meant a slave. Writers such as Joseph Conrad, Mark Twain, and Charles Dickens used it in their stories and other writing.

Today, the word is a hurtful racial slur in English. It is called hate speech. "Nigger" is today so offensive to say and hear that most people do not use the word. They call it "the N-word".

Related pages
 Wigger

References 

English profanity
Slurs
A biography is the story of a person's life. The word comes from the Greek words bios (which means life) and graphein (which means write). When the biography is written by the person it is about, it is called an autobiography.

A written biography is a part of literature. Biographies can also be made as movies (often called biopics) or told as stories.

The oldest written biographies that historians have were written to record rulers' lives. Some were written in Assyria, ancient Babylonia, ancient Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia. Biographies were an early form of history. Another early form of biography was called hagiography, meaning writing about holy people.
In ancient China, a biography was one of the basic forms of a history book. In India, biographies of Buddha and his reincarnated lives were written. In ancient Greece, people wrote biographies of people that were not rulers too. Xenophon wrote a biography of Socrates and gave this book the name Memorabilia (Memories). During the Roman Empire, Plutarch wrote Parallel Lives about ancient Greek and Roman politicians, and Suetonius wrote biographies of the Roman emperors. The Gospels were also biographies of Jesus Christ.

In West Africa, griots tell histories which often include biographies. 

Many written biographies today are released by publishers as products for sale.

Related pages
 Autobiography
 Curriculum vitae

References 

Literary terms
Non-fiction
Up to 1900 
 1496 – Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine.
 1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther.
 1749 – The first issue of the Danish newspaper Berlingske Tidende is published.
 1777 – American general George Washington defeats a British-Hessian Army under Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis in the Battle of Princeton.
 1795 – Catherine II of Russia and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor complete a treaty agreeing to the Third Partition of Poland.
 1815 – Austria, the United Kingdom and France form a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia.
 1823 – Stephen A. Austin receives a grant of land in Texas from the Mexican government.
 1848 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first President of Liberia.
 1851 – French physicist Jean Bernard Léon Foucault experiments with the Foucault pendulum to prove that the Earth rotates.
 1861 – Delaware votes to remain in the United States, and not to secede.
 1868 – Meiji Restoration in Japan.
1870 – Building work on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City begins.
 1888 – The refracting telescope at the Lick Observatory near San Jose, California, measuring  in diameter, is used for the first time. It was the world's largest telescope at the time.
1901  2000 
 1908 – The Kaziranga National Park is created in Assam, northeastern India.
 1911 – A magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroys Almaty in present-day Kazakhstan.
 1918 – Finland officially gains independence from the Russian Empire.
 1919 – Paris Peace Conference: Emir Faisal of Iraq and Chaim Weizmann agree to develop a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in the Middle East.
 1925 – Benito Mussolini declares that he is taking dictatorial powers in Italy.
 1932 – Martial law is declared in Honduras to stop a revolt by banana workers who had been fired by the United Fruit Company.
 1934 – A mine explosion at Ossegg, Bohemia, kills 142 people.
 1938 – Franklin D. Roosevelt establishes the March of Dimes.
 1945 – Admiral Chester W. Nimitz is placed in command of all US naval forces in preparation for planned attacks against Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
 1956 – Fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower.
 1957 – The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
1958 – The West Indies Federation is formed.
 1959 – Alaska becomes the 49th state of the United States. William Egan becomes the first State Governor of Alaska.
 1959 – Separatists in the Maldives declare the creation of the United Suvadive Republic.
 1961 – Aero Flight 311 crashes near Kavelax, Finland, killing all 25 people on board.
 1961 – The United States ends diplomatic relations with Cuba.
 1962 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro.
 1976 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights comes into effect.
 1977 – Apple Computer is incorporated.
 1980 – Francisco de Sa Carneiro becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
 1987 – Aretha Franklin is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
 1990 – Panama's leader Manuel Noriega surrenders to United States forces.
 1992 – The United States and Russia officially establish diplomatic relations.
 1993 – In Moscow, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.
1994 – More than 7 million people from the former apartheid homelands receive South African citizenship.
 1994 – A Tupolev Tu-154 of Baikal Air crashes near Irkutsk, Siberia, killing all 148 people on board.
 1999 – The Mars Polar Lander is launched to Mars.
 2000 – The last original weekday Peanuts comic strip is published.
From 2001 
 2004 – Flash Airlines Flight 604, a Boeing 737, crashes into the Red Sea off Egypt, killing 148 people.
 2007 – Kenya closes the border with Somalia and deports Somali refugees.
 2009 – The first part of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the Genesis Block, is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto.
 2011 – Jerry Brown replaces Arnold Schwarzenegger as Governor of California.
 2015 – Boko Haram militants enter Baga in Northern Nigeria and kill up to 2,000 people in the coming days.
 2018 – Computer analysts report two major security vulnerabilities named "Meltdown" and "Spectre", affecting the microprocessors of all the computers in the world.

Births
Up to 1900 
 106 BC – Cicero, Roman lawyer and political philosopher (d. 43 BC)
 1196 – Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (d. 1231)
 1698 – Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet (d. 1782)
 1722 – Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish traveller and naturalist (d. 1752)
 1733 – Richard Arkwright, English inventor (d. 1792)
 1777 – Elisa Bonaparte, sister of Napoleon (d. 1820)
 1789 – Carl Gustav Carus, German polymath (d. 1869)
 1793 – Lucretia Mott, American women's rights activist (d. 1880)
 1794 – Joseph Lebeau, 2nd Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1865)
 1802 – Félix Dupanloup, French bishop (d. 1878)
 1806 – Henriette Sontag, German soprano (d. 1854)
 1810 – Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer, ethnologist, linguist and astronomer (d. 1897)
 1812 – Elisha M. Pease, Governor of Texas (d. 1883)
 1817 – Thomas E. Bramlette, Governor of Kentucky (d. 1875)
 1819 – Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer (d. 1900)
 1819 – Thomas H. Watts, Governor of Alabama (d. 1892)
1829 – Konrad Duden, German teacher, philologist and lexicographer (d. 1911)
 1831 – Savitribai Phule, Indian social activist and educator (d. 1897)
 1840 – Father Damien, Belgian missionary and doctor in Hawaii (d. 1889)
 1861 – Ernest Renshaw, British tennis player (d. 1899)
 1861 – William Renshaw, British tennis player (d. 1904)
 1862 – Matthew Nathan, British Governor of Queensland (d. 1939)
 1865 – Henry Lytton, British actor and opera singer (d. 1936)
 1874 – Henry Newton, American golfer (d. 1946)
 1875 – Alexandros Diomidis, 145th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1950)
 1876 – Wilhelm Pieck, German politician (d. 1960)
 1879 – Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (d. 1957)
 1883 – Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967)
 1884 – Raoul von Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1948)
 1886 – Grigory Neujmin, Georgian-Russian astronomer (d. 1946)
 1887 – Helen Parkhurst, American educator, writer and lecturer (d. 1973)
1888 – George B. Seitz, American movie director and writer (d. 1944)
 1892 – J. R. R. Tolkien, English writer (d. 1973)
 1894 – ZaSu Pitts, American actress (d. 1963)
 1895 – Borys Lyatoshynsky, Ukrainian composer (d. 1973)
 1897 – Marion Davies, American actress (d. 1961)
 1897 – Pola Negri, Polish-American actress (d. 1987)
 1898 – Carolyn Haywood, American children's writer (d. 1990)
1901  1950 
 1901 – Ngo Dinh Diem, Vietnamese politician (d. 1963)
 1905 – Anna May Wong, Chinese-American actress (d. 1961)
 1906 – William Wilson Morgan, American astronomer (d. 1994)
 1907 – Ray Milland, Welsh actor and director (d. 1986)
 1909 – Victor Borge, Danish comedian and pianist (d. 2000)
 1910 – John Sturges, American director and producer (d. 1992)
 1912 – Federico Borrell Garcia, Spanish Republican soldier (d. 1936)
 1915 – Mady Rahl, German actress (d. 2009)
 1916 – Bernard Greenhouse, American cellist (d. 2011)
 1916 – Betty Furness, American actress (d. 1994)
 1916 – Maxene Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (d. 1995)
 1919 – Dorothy Morrison, American actress
 1919 – Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (d. 1963)
 1920 – Siegfried Buback, Attorney General of Germany (d. 1977)
 1920 – Renato Carosone, Italian pianist (d. 2001)
 1921 – Chetan Anand, Indian movie director and screenwriter (d. 1997)
 1921 – Jean-Louis Koszul, French mathematician (d. 2018)
1922 – Bill Travers, British actor and director (d. 1994)
 1923 – Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi, Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2014)
 1926 – George Martin, English music producer (d. 2016)
 1926 – W. Michael Blumenthal, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury and former Director of the Jewish museum in Berlin
 1927 – Nazmiye Demirel, First Lady of Turkey (d. 2013)
 1927 – Janaki Ballabh Patnaik, Indian politician (d. 2015)
 1929 – Sergio Leone, Italian movie director (d. 1989)
 1930 – Robert Loggia, American actor (d. 2015)
 1932 – Coo Coo Marlin, American racing driver (d. 2005)
 1932 – Eeles Landström, Finnish athlete
 1932 – Dabney Coleman, American actor
 1934 – Carla Anderson Hills, American politician
 1937 – Glen A. Larson, American director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2014)
 1938 – Ove Andersson, Swedish rally driver (d. 2008)
 1939 – Arik Einstein, Israeli singer (d. 2013)
 1939 – Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player
 1942 – Laszlo Solyom, former President of Hungary
1942 – John Thaw, British actor (d. 2002)
 1943 – Jarl Alfredius, Swedish journalist (d. 2009)
 1944 – Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, producer and actor
 1944 – David Atherton, English conductor
 1945 – Stephen Stills, American musician
 1945 – David Starkey, English historian
 1946 – John Paul Jones, English musician (Led Zeppelin)
 1947 – Fran Cotton, English rugby player
 1948 – Manfred Kokot, German athlete
 1949 – Sylvia Likens, American torture victim (d. 1965)
 1950 – Victoria Principal, American actress
1951  1975 
 1952 – Gianfranco Fini, Italian politician
 1952 – Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish politician
 1953 – Mohammed Waheed Hassan, former President of the Maldives
 1953 – Peter Taylor, English footballer
 1955 – Palmolive, Spanish-English drummer
 1956 – Mel Gibson, Australian-American actor and director
 1956 – Guy Ryder, British labour activist
 1958 – Shim Hyung-rae, South Korean movie maker
 1960 – Daniela Schadt, German journalist
 1962 – Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player
 1963 – Stewart Hosie, Scottish politician
 1963 – Till Lindemann, German singer (Rammstein)
 1967 – Magnus Gustafsson, Swedish tennis player
 1968 – Kent Carlsson, Swedish tennis player
 1969 – Michael Schumacher, German racing driver
 1969 – Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian bobsledder and luger
 1971 – Sarah Alexander, British actress
 1971 – Cory Cross, American ice hockey player
 1972 – Janek Kiisman, Estonian footballer
 1975 – Danica McKellar, British actress
 1975 – Thomas Bangalter, French DJ and producer (Daft Punk)
From 1976 
 1976 – Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer
 1977 – Lee Bowyer, English footballer
 1977 – Michelle Stephenson, English singer (Spice Girls)
 1978 – Liya Kebede, Ethiopian model
 1978 – Mike York, American ice hockey player
 1979 – Dina Tersago, Belgian model and television host
 1981 – Eli Manning, American football player
 1982 – Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer, actress and model
 1982 – Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer
 1984 – Billy Mehmet, Irish footballer
 1984 – Maximilian Mechler, German ski jumper
 1985 – Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player
 1986 – Dana Hussain, Iraqi athlete
 1986 – Jessica O'Rourke, American soccer player
 1986 – Lloyd, American singer
 1988 – Ikechi Anya, Scottish footballer
 1988 – Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player
 1989 – Ayaka Umeda, Japanese singer (AKB48)
 1989 – Kohei Uchimura, Japanese gymnast
 1989 – Alex D. Linz, American actor
 1991 – Darius Morris, American basketball player
 1992 – Doug McDermott, American basketball player
1993 – Kevin Ware, American basketball player
 1995 – Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean actress and singer
 1997 - Rahul Shah, Indian cricketer
 2003 – Greta Thunberg, Swedish climate change activist
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 235 – St. Anterus, Pope
 323 – Jin Yuandi, Chinese Emperor (b. 276)
 492 – Pope Felix III
 502 – Genevieve of Paris, Patron Saint of Paris
 1322 – King Philip V of France (b. 1293)
 1437 – Catherine of Valois, wife of King Henry V of England (b. 1401)
 1543 – Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, first European to visit California (b. 1499)
 1571 – Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1505)
 1641 – Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (b. ca. 1619)
 1670 – George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (b. 1608)
 1701 – Prince Louis I of Monaco (b. 1642)
 1705 – Luca Giordano, Italian painter (b. 1634)
 1785 – Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (b. 1706)
 1795 – Josiah Wedgwood, English pottery maker (b. 1730)
 1863 – John Branch, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1782)
 1875 – Pierre Larousse, French editor and encyclopedist (b. 1817)
 1881 – Anna McNeill Whistler, mother of James Whistler (b. 1804)
 1895 – James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman (b. 1804)
1901  2000 
 1903 – Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler (b. 1837)
 1904 – Larin Paraske, Finnish runic singer (b. 1834)
 1915 – James Elroy Flecker, English poet, writer and playwright (b. 1884)
 1916 – Grenville M. Dodge, American general (b. 1831)
 1923 – Jaroslav Hasek, Czech novelist (b. 1883)
 1927 – Carl Runge, German mathematician (b. 1856)
 1933 – Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
 1933 – Jack Pickford, Canadian actor (b. 1896)
 1943 – Walter James, 5th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1863)
 1945 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (b. 1877)
 1946 – William Joyce, Irish Nazi propagandist (executed) (b. 1906)
 1950 – Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (b. 1884)
 1956 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (b. 1864)
 1959 – Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, writer and translator (b. 1887)
 1967 – Jack Ruby, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1911)
 1974 – Gino Cervi, Italian actor (b. 1901)
 1979 – Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887)
 1980 – Joy Adamson, Czech conservationist and writer (b. 1910)
1980 – Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (b. 1892)
 1981 – Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, the last grandchild of Queen Victoria (b. 1883)
 1982 – Fritz Laband, German footballer (b. 1925)
 1988 – Rose Auslander, German poet (b. 1901)
 1988 – Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1905)
 1989 – Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)
 1992 – Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (b. 1897)
From 2001 
 2001 – José Greco, flamenco dancer (b. 1918)
 2002 – Freddy Heineken, Dutch CEO of Heineken (b. 1923)
 2003 – Sid Gillman, American football coach (b. 1911)
 2004 – Des Corcoran, 37th Premier of South Australia (b. 1928)
 2004 – Leon Wagner, American MLB All-Star (b. 1934)
 2005 – Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian national security advisor and former foreign secretary (b. 1936)
 2005 – Will Eisner, American comic book artist and pioneering graphic novelist (b. 1917)
 2005 – Koo Chen-fu, Chinese negotiator with the PRC (b. 1917)
 2006 – Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (b. 1954)
 2008 – Yo Sam-Choi, South Korean boxer (b. 1972)
 2008 – Werner Dollinger, German politician and economist (b. 1918)
 2009 – Pat Hingle, American actor (b. 1924)
 2010 – Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (b. 1928)
 2012 – Josef Skvorecky, Czech writer (b. 1924)
 2013 – Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian movie director, actor and politician (b. 1930)
 2013 – Burry Stander, South African cyclist (b. 1987)
2014 – Leon de Wolff, Dutch journalist (b. 1948)
 2014 – George Goodman, American economics professor (b. 1930)
 2014 – Phil Everly, American singer and musician (Everly Brothers) (b. 1939)
 2014 – Alicia Rhett, American actress (b. 1915)
 2014 – Saul Zaentz, American movie producer (b. 1921)
 2015 – Edward Brooke, American politician, United States Senator from Massachusetts (b. 1919)
 2015 – Derek Minter, British motorcycle racer (b. 1932)
 2015 – Bernice Madigan, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
 2015 – Olga Knyazeva, Russian fencer (b. 1954)
 2016 – Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (b. 1928)
 2016 – Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1945)
 2016 – C. B. Forgotston, American political blogger (b. 1945)
 2016 – Igor Sergun, Russian military officer (b. 1957)
 2016 – Paul Bley, Canadian jazz pianist (b. 1932)
 2016 – Stephen W. Bosworth, American diplomat (b. 1939)
 2016 – Amby Fogarty, Irish footballer (b. 1933)
 2016 – Demmus Hentze, Faroese politician (b. 1923)
2016 – Peter Powell, English kite maker (b. 1932)
 2016 – Georg Nees, German academic and artist (b. 1926)
 2016 – Tommy Sale, English rugby league player (b. 1918)
 2017 – Charles J. Colgan, American politician (b. 1925)
 2017 – Rolf Noskwith, German-British businessman (b. 1919)
 2017 – Igor Volk, Ukrainian-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937)
 2017 – Rodney Bennett, British television director (b. 1935)
 2017 – Martin Brandtner, American Marine Corps general (b. 1938)
 2017 – Mike Buchanan, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1932)
 2018 – Fred Bass, American bookseller (b. 1928)
 2019 – Herb Kelleher, American businessman (b. 1931)
 2020 – Qasem Soleimani, Iranian general (b. 1957)
 2022 – Beatrice Mintz, American embryologist (b. 1921)
 2022 – Viktor Saneyev, Georgian triple jumper and Olympic champion (b. 1945)
Observances 
 Statehood Day (Alaska)
 Perihelion, on or around this date, when Earth is at its closest point to the Sun during its orbit.

January 03