Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir (born 17 October 1931) is an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Odisha from 2013 to 2018. He was the Chief Minister of Nagaland, Governor of Maharashtra, Governor of Gujarat, Governor of Goa and Governor of Odisha. Jamir is a member of the Indian National Congress. He was born in Ungma, Nagaland.

References

1931 births
Living people
Governors of Goa
Governors of Gujarat
Governors of Maharashtra
Governors of Odisha
Kateekal Sankaranarayanan (15 October 1932 – 24 April 2022) was an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Maharashtra from 2010 to 2014. He also was the Governor of Nagaland and Jharkhand. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He was born in Palakkad, India.

Sankaranarayanan died on 24 April 2022 at his home in Palakkad from problems caused by a stroke, aged 89.

References

1932 births
2022 deaths
Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
Governors of Assam
Governors of Goa
Governors of Jharkhand
Governors of Maharashtra
Governors of Nagaland
Deaths from stroke
Ram D. Pradhan (27 June 1928 – 31 July 2020) was an Indian politician. He was an Indian Administrative Service officer. He was Union Home Secretary and Governor of Arunachal Pradesh during the Rajiv Gandhi government. He was in service of the government of India for 36 years.

Pradhan died on 31 July 2020, aged 92.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
Jagannath Pahadia  (15 January 1932 – 19 May 2021) was an Indian politician. He was known for being the former leader of the Indian National Congress party. He was the Governor of Haryana from 2009 to 2014, Governor of Bihar from 1989 to 1990 and the Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 1980 to 1981. He was born in Rajasthan.

Pahadia died of COVID-19 at a hospital in New Delhi, India on 19 May 2021 at the age of 89.

References

1932 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Governors of Bihar
Governors of Haryana
Axial Age (also Axis Age, from ) is a term invented by German philosopher Karl Jaspers. It refers to ancient history from the 8th and the 3rd century BCE. He says that this time was a turning point in human history.

New ways of thinking appeared in Iran, India, China and the Greco-Roman world. There were new religions and philosophies. This all happened in places across Eurasia, without obvious contact between the people of these areas.

What is it

References 

History of religion
1st millennium BC
Periods and ages in history
Attala County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 19,564 people lived there. Its county seat is Kosciusko.

References 

1833 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Franklin County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 8,118 people lived there. Its county seat is Meadville. The county was founded on December 21, 1809 and named for Founding Father Benjamin Franklin.

References 

1800s establishments in Mississippi Territory
1809 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Jefferson County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi; its western border is formed by the Mississippi River. As of the 2010 census, 7,726 people lived there. Its county seat is Fayette. The county was founded in 1799. It is named for U.S. President Thomas Jefferson.

References 

1799 establishments in the United States
18th-century establishments in Mississippi Territory
Mississippi counties
In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per solid angle unit, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit.

Astronomy
Light
Optics
Physical quantity
Physics
Physiology
Benton County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 8,729 people lived there. Its county seat is Ashland.

References 

1870 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Bolivar County is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 34,145 people lived there. Its county seats are Rosedale and Cleveland. The county was founded in 1836. It is named in honor of Simón Bolívar, early 19th-century leader of the liberation of many South American colonies from Spain.

References 

1836 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Pontotoc County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Pontotoc County, Mississippi
 Pontotoc County, Oklahoma
Barton County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Barton County, Kansas
 Barton County, Missouri
Robie Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States.

Census-designated places in Idaho
Smiths Ferry is a census-designated place (CDP) in Valley County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2020 census, there were 63 people living there.

References 

Census-designated places in Idaho
Yellow Pine is an unincorporated census-designated place of Valley County in the state of Idaho in the United States.

Unincorporated communities in Idaho
Census-designated places in Idaho
Garfield is a city in Whitman County, Washington, United States. The population was 597 at the 2010 census, down from 641 in 2000.

References 

Towns in Washington (state)
Leakey is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Real County.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Chickasaw County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 17,392 people lived there. Its county seats are Houston and Okolona.

References 

1836 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
The Japonic languages are a language family made up of languages native to the Japanese islands. Known members of the language family are Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages (Okinawan, Kunigami, Amami, Miyako, Yaeyama and Yonaguni).

All Japonic languages are agglutinative languages with a simple syllable structure and SOV word order. They have many similar features, but they are not mutually intelligible, which means native speakers of one language will not understand the other language without already knowing it.
While Japanese is the ninth most spoken language in the world, the Ryukyuan languages are critically endangered, which means there are very few speakers left. This was largely because of the Japanese government's assimilation of Ryukyu into the mainland Japanese culture. During the Meiji Era, the Japanese government called the Ryukyuan languages “dialects of Japanese”. This was used to forbid Ryukyuans from speaking the Ryukyuan languages and to force them to speak Japanese. In fact, Okinawan soldiers and civilians were put to death for speaking Okinawan during World War II. The Japanese military would accuse them of being spies so they could have an excuse to put them to death.

All of the languages write using a combination of Chinese characters, called kanji in Japanese, and kana, a Japanese-made syllabic writing system made for writing phonetically. This was true even before the Japanese takeover of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

References
Hakuna matata means "no worries" in Swahili, a language of East Africa. The phrase was used in the Disney movie The Lion King in a song of the same name.

In 2003 Disney trademarked the phrase in the US. In 2018, some people accused Disney or "colonialism" and "robbery" for stealing the phrase from East Africa. The phrase is popular in Kenya, one of the countries where it came from. But because of the trademark, Kenyans are not allowed to sell stuff to the US that use that phrase.

References 

The Lion King
Phrases
The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula) is a small icterid blackbird. It is common in eastern North America as a migratory breeding bird.

The Baltimore oriole is the state bird of Maryland. It is also the inspiration for the Baltimore Orioles baseball team.

References

Icteridae
Maryland
Birds of North America
Birds of Central America
Birds of South America
Cosmogony is any theory of the origin of the universe.

Examples

Physics 

In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of things like the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system. The popular cosmological model for the birth of the universe is the Big Bang theory.

It is generally accepted that the universe began as a singularity, and when the singularity of the universe started to expand, the Big Bang occurred, which began the universe.

People disagree on the origins of the singularity.

It may be like a black hole, which is a singularity sincegravity in a black hole becomes boundless.

Others like Stephen Hawking say "time" did not exist and was only born with the universe. Hence the universe does not have an origin story. Time did not exist before the creation of the universe.
There is currently no theoretical model that explains the earliest moments of the universe's existence (during the Planck time). This is because we lack a testable theory of quantum gravity. Still, some researchers in string theory, M theory, and loop quantum cosmology have some ideas.

Mythology 
There are certain myths that also propose how the universe was created: for example creation myths in the Bible, the Dào Dé Jīng, and other genesis stories. These usually involve

 a supreme being or god
 birth via sex between male and female gods
 or birth via the cosmic egg

The Eridu Genesis, written on Sumerian tablets, is one of the oldest creation myths. The universe was created from a sea (Abzu). In Greek mythology, Zeus created the universe from chaos. Aztec creation has four versions of earth being created and destroyed, before settling the fifth and current earth. In Bushongo creation, the great god Bumba vomited up the sun, then the earth and everything else.
It is not the same as cosmology 
Cosmology studies the universe in general. You can still study the universe without thinking about its origin, which is what cosmonogy studies specifically.

References 

Universe
Creation myths
Pages with unreviewed translations
Cosmology
The history of Russia begins with the East Slavs, Turkic, and the Finno-Ugric peoples. Parts of Southern Russia around the Black sea were settled by Greeks and Romans until about the 3rd century. Huns and Turkic tribes invaded the regions around the Black sea until the 10th century. Eastern Slavs then immigrated to the region. Vikings created the Kievan Rus. In the 13th century, Mongols conquered the region and created the Golden Horde. The Mongols ruled until the 15th century. The tsardom of Russia and Russian empire were then created. Poland-Lithuania invaded Moscow, but Russia eventually drove them out. Russia expanded more west and east into Siberia. Napoleon tried to invade Russia during the winter but failed. Russia fought against Germany in WW1. In 1917, the October Revolution happened, and the communists led by Lenin created the Soviet Union. In WW2, Hitler also failed to invade Russia. Russia occupied East Germany, Poland, and most of East Europe during the Cold War
. It became a big rival of the United States. In the 1990s, the Union ended, with things like the Yugoslavia revolution, and became modern Russia. In 2014 Russia annexed Crimea from the Ukraine and faced sanctions from US and others because of it.
Greece and Rome (before 3 c) 
In the 8th century BCE, Greek merchants migrated to Tanais and Phanagoria. The Bosporan Kingdom (a Greek kingdom) became part of the Roman Empire. In the 2nd century AD Germanic Goths migrated to the Black Sea. In the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, the Gothic Oium existed in Southern Russia until it was conquered by Huns.

Hun and Turkic colonization (3 c - 10 c) 

Between the 3rd and 6th centuries AD, the Bosporan Kingdom was also invaded by Eastern nomads like the Huns and Turkish Avars.

A Turkic people, the Khazars, conquered the lower Volga basin steppes between the Caspian and Black Seas up to the 8th century. They were known for their laws, tolerance, and cosmopolitanism. The Khazars traded with the Baltic and the Muslim Abbasid empire centered in Baghdad. They were important allies of the Byzantine Empire, and helped win wars against Arab Caliphates. In the 8th century, the Khazars became Jewish.

Eastern Slavs (7 c - 13 c)
Some of the ancestors of the modern Russians were the Slavic tribes. They came from the forests of the Pripet Marshes. The Early East Slavs gradually settled Western Russia by moving from Kyiv towards present-day Suzdal and Murom and then from Polotsk towards Novgorod and Rostov.

From the 7th century onwards, East Slavs were the majority of Western Russia. They mixed slowly and peacefully with the native Finno-Ugric tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians, and the Meshchera.

The Cyrillic alphabet, invented in modern Bulgaria in the 9th century, also spread during this period.
Kievan Rus' (882–1283) 
Vikings or Varangians did piracy and trade throughout Northern Europe. In the mid-9th century, they conquered the eastern Baltic to the Black and Caspian Seas. A Varangian named Rurik became ruler of Novgorod in about 860, before they moved south and conquered Kyiv, which had been previously belonged to the Turkic Khazars. Rurik's son Igor and Igor's son Sviatoslav then conquered the East Slavic tribes, destroyed the Khazar khaganate, and fought wars against Byzantium and Persia.

Thus, Rus' was born in the 9th century along the Dnieper River valley. The Kievan Rus' controlled the trade for furs, wax, and slaves between Scandinavia and the Byzantine Empire along the Volkhov and Dnieper Rivers.
Near the 11th century, the Norse ruling class mixed with the Eastern Slavs. The Slavs absorbed Greek Christian influences when trying to loot Constantinople. Svyatoslav I claimed victory in one such campaign; he also defeated the Khazars on the Volga. The Byzantine Empire was declining but would influence Russia culturally.

For example through the Byzantine, the Kievan Rus' introduced the Slavic variant of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity. They became Christian in 988.

Then Yaroslav the Wise wrote some laws. It had name “The Russian true”.

By the 11th century, Yaroslav the Wise helped improve the economy and literature. The Russian language was not that influenced by Greek and Latin. Church Slavonic was used directly in liturgy instead.

A nomadic Turkic people, the Kipchaks (or Cumans), replaced earlier Pechenegs in the south steppe at the end of the 11th century. They founded a nomadic state along the Black Sea (Desht-e-Kipchak). The Kipchaks and Kyivans fought.

Mongol colonization (13 c - 15 c)
The Rus were conquered by the Mongol Golden Horde in the 13th century. Kyiv was destroyed. Halych-Volhynia would eventually be absorbed into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, while the Mongol-dominated Vladimir-Suzdal and independent Novgorod Republic became the basis for modern Russia.

In 1223, the disunited southern princes faced a Mongol raiding party at the Kalka River and were soundly defeated. In 1237–1238 the Mongols burnt down the city of Vladimir (4 February 1238) and other major cities of northeast Russia, defeated the Russians at the Sit' River, and then moved west to conquer Poland and Hungary. By then they had conquered most of Russia.

The Mongols destroyed the cities. Some, like Kyiv and Vladimir, never recovered. The new cities of Moscow, Tver and Nizhny Novgorod began to compete for hegemony in the Mongol-dominated Russia. The Golden Horde was established in the 14th century. Mongol domination of the Russia, along with demands of tribute from Russian princes, continued until about 1480.
Russo-Tatar relations 
After the fall of the Turkic Khazars in the 10th century, the Volga were conquered by the Volga Bulgaria, part of Greater Bulgaria. In the 10th century the Turks converted to Islam and traded with the Middle East and Central Asia. After the Mongol invasions of the 1230s, Volga Bulgaria was annexed by the Golden Horde. Its population evolved into the modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars.

The Mongols controlled Russia and Volga Bulgaria from their western capital at Sarai, one of the largest cities of the medieval world. Russian princes had to pay tribute to the Mongols of the Golden Horde, commonly called Tatars. The Russian Orthodox Church even experienced a revival under the Metropolitan Alexis and Sergius of Radonezh.

The Mongols influenced Russian military tactics and transportation. Under Mongol occupation, Russia developed its postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.
Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547) 
Daniil Aleksandrovich founded Moscow (Muscovy). They were first a vassal to the Mongols and Tatars.

The Mongol rulers gave them the title of Grand Prince of Moscow and made them collect tribute from the Russian principalities. Moscow became the center of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Ivan III, the Great 
In the 15th century, the princes of Moscow continued to consolidate Russian land to increase their population and wealth. The most successful one was Ivan III, who laid the foundations for the Russian nation. Ivan competed with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for control over the upper Dnieper and Oka River basins.

Ivan III was able to annex Novgorod and Tver. As a result, the Grand Duchy of Moscow tripled in size.
Ivan then overthrew the ruling Tatars and Golden Horde, now divided into several Khanates and hordes. Ivan wanted to protect the southern borders from the Crimean Tatars and other Turko-Mongol armies. He built Great Abatis Belt, gave land to nobles in exchange for military service. This expanded the army.

Eventually Ivan IV became the first Russian ruler to call theirself tsar.

Ivan III tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus', revived the Moscow Kremlin. But he was also anti-Catholic and isolated Russia from western civilization.

Timurid empire (14 c) 
In the 14th century, Timur conquered parts of Southern Russia and occupied Moscow for some time.

Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)

Ivan IV the Terrible 
"Ivan the Terrible" increased the powers of the tsar. He got rid of many people he did not like for the smallest things. But he helped develop Russia and adapt new laws and decreased the influence of the church.
Ivan annexed the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia. Russia now had Muslim Tatar populations and became a multiethnic and multiconfessional state. The Stroganov family also controlled the Urals and hired Russian Cossacks to colonize Siberia.

Ivan divided Russia and created the oprichnina. There Ivan killed nobles in the Massacre of Novgorod in 1570. Military losses, disease, and lack of food weakened Russia. The Crimean Tatars were able to loot central Russian and burn down Moscow in 1571. In 1572 Ivan stopped.

At the end of Ivan IV's rule the Polish–Lithuanian and Swedish armies invaded northwestern Russia.

Time of Troubles 
There then were many civil wars and foreign invasions known as the "Time of Troubles" (1606–13). Extremely cold summers (1601–1603) destroyed crops, which led to the Russian famine of 1601–1603 and increased the chaos.

During the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618), Polish–Lithuanian forces invaded Moscow and appointed puppet rulers.

But Russia finally took back Moscow on .
Romanov dynasty 
In February 1613, Michael Romanov was elected as ruler. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia until 1917.

Russia expanded a lot during the 17th century, including the first Russian colonization of the Pacific in the mid-17th century, the Russo-Polish War (1654–67), and the Russian conquest of Siberia. Russia gained most of its territory from Siberia.

Russian Empire (1721–1917) 
After victory in the Great Northern War Russia became empire. The tsar Peter the Great became an emperor.

Russian revolution, the intervention and the Civil war (1917–1922) 
The Tsarist system was completely overthrown in February 1917 in the February Revolution.
State Duma deputy took the power and organized Provisional government. First prince Lvov was its head. He lost popularity and Alexander Kerensky became it.

Russia in the Soviet Union (1922-1991)

Modern Russia (since 1991)
Timeline 
1147 - the first mention of Moscow.
1238-1480 - Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1380 - the Battle of Kulikovo.
1552 - Kazan khanate annexation.
1558 - Astrakhan khanate annexation.
1654 - Pereiaslav Agreement.
1700-1721 - Great Northern War.
1703 - establishing of Saint Petersburg.
1812 - Napoleon’s invasion in Russia.
1825 - the Decembrist revolt.
1861 - canceling of the serfdom.
1891-1904 - the Trans-Siberian Railway building.
1904-1905 - Russo-Japanese war.
1905-1907 - the first Russian revolution.
1917, November 7 - start of October Revolution.
1941, June 22-1945, May 9 - Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union against aggression of the Nazi Germany.
1961, April 12 - Soviet Yuri Gagarin is the first man in the space.
1974-1984 - the Baikal–Amur Mainline building.
1991 - collapse of the Soviet Union.
2022, February 24 - start of agression of Putin’s mafia against Ukraine.

Related pages 
 Eurasian steppe
 History of Byelorussia
 History of Ukraine
 Kievan Rus'
 Russian Empire
 Soviet Union

References
References 

 
Pages with unreviewed translations
In statistical physics, Glauber dynamics is a way to simulate the Ising model (a model of magnetism) on a computer. It is a type of Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm.

The algorithm 
In the Ising model, we have say N particles that can spin up (+1) or down (-1). Say the particles are on a 2D grid. We label each with an x and y coordinate. Glauber's algorithm becomes:

 Choose a particle  at random.
 Sum its four neighboring spins. .
 Compute the change in energy if the spin x, y were to flip. This is  (see the Hamiltonian for the Ising model).
 If  flip the spin. That is if flipping reduces the energy, then do it.
 Else flip the spin with probability  where T is the temperature.
 Display the new grid. Repeat the above N times.

This tries to approximate how the spins change over time. The fancy term is that it is part of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, which roughly studies the time-dependent behavior of statistical mechanics.
History 
The algorithm is named after Roy J. Glauber, Nobel Prize winner and a Harvard physicist who worked at Los Alamos.

Related pages 
 Metropolis algorithm
 Ising model
 Monte Carlo algorithm
 Simulated annealing

References 

Subfields of physics
Tropical Storm Danas (International Code: 1905, Joint Typhoon Warning Center: WP062019, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration: Falcon) is the 5th named tropical cyclone in the 2019 Pacific typhoon season.

Storm history 

On July 11, a low-pressure zone was formed near the Mariana Islands, and the US Naval Research Laboratory gave it a tropical disturbance number of 98W. At 8 o'clock on the morning of July 14, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical depression. At this point the system moves to the approximate west. At 8 pm, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center gave its development rating "low". At 8 o'clock on the morning of July 15, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued a gale warning, and the Central Meteorological Bureau of Taiwan upgraded it to a tropical depression, given the number TD10 . At 3 pm, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the rating to "Medium". At 10 pm, the Hong Kong Observatory upgraded it to a tropical depression.
On July 19, the JMA reported that Danas has reached its peak wind speeds with continuous winds of 85 km/h (50 mph). Later that day, Danas began to weaken. On July 20, around 13:00 UTC, Danas made landfall on South Korea as a minimal tropical storm, before weakening into a tropical depression soon afterward. The weakening trend also accelerated on July 20 due to the drop in sea temperature to 23 degrees Celsius near landfall. The Republic of Korea Meteorological Administration downgraded Danas to a tropical depression at 11 am and stopped issuing announcements. At 12:45 UTC on July 21, Danas transitioned into an extratropical low in the Sea of Japan, and the JMA issued their final advisory on the storm.

Impact
Impact

Philippines 
On July 15, the system was enhanced to a tropical depression. At 11 pm, the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration issued the No. 1 storm signal to the northern part of Isabela Province, Cagayan Province and the Bataan Islands. As Denas continued to approach Luzon, the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration issued a second storm signal to the northern part of Cagayan Province at 5 pm on the 16th. 

PAGASA cancelled all storm signals for the Philippines on July 18th.

Japan 
Danas brought heavy rainfall to many western parts of Japan including nearly all of Kyushu.

In addition, the amount of rain that fell in the last 24 hours exceeded 350 mm in various places in Goto, and reaches the rainfall for July 1 month in normal years, and it has become the largest since July.

Korea
Korea 

On July 20, around 13:00 UTC, Danas made landfall on South Jeolla Province, South Korea as a minimal tropical storm. It caused heavy rain across the country but damages were unknown. Locally heavy rainfall will continue across much of South Korea and southwest Japan through Sunday night, with additional rainfall of 50-100 mm (2-4 inches) in many locations.

References and notes 

Danas
Fort William was the fort that was granted (Britishers were allowed to construct it on the grounds of Bengal) to the Britishers by the Nawab of Bengal for their short termed loyalty and sincerity they showed towards the Nawab.

Kolkata
18th century in India‎
1696
Forts in India
18th-century buildings and structures
Tuvan People's Republic was a partially recognized state that existed from 1921 to 1944. After 1944 it became part of the Soviet Union. Until 1926, it was also known as People's Republic Tannu-Tuva. Only two states recognized the it: the Soviet Union and Mongolia. Even when it existed, it was seen as a puppet state of the Soviet Union. Its economy was largely based on nomads raising and selling cattle. The republic was between the Siberian part of Russia, and Mongolia. The capital was the city of Kyzyl. Since 1992, the territory is known as the Tuvan Republic. It is a self-governing part inside the Russian state.

References 

1921 establishments in Asia
1944 disestablishments
1940s disestablishments in Asia
Former countries in Asia
Former countries of the Interwar period
Former republics
Former socialist republics
Former dictatorships
20th century in Mongolia
20th century in Russia
History of the Soviet Union
Tuva
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
Grizzy et les Lemmings}}
| image                    = Grizzy and lemmings cartoon network logo (fanmade).png
| image_alt                = 
| caption                  = Official Logo, Cartoon Network
| genre                    = 
| creator                  = Antoine RodeletJosselin Charier
| director                 = Victor Moulin
| voices                   = For France Télévisions:Josselin CharierPierre-Alain de GarriguesFor Cartoon Network and Boomerang:Romain Brillaud Yoann Perrier Pierre Coffin Mike Pollock Ben Bocquelet 
| composer                 = Les Frères Sonor
| music                    = The Sonor Brothers
| country                  = France
| language                 = French
| network                  = France 3France 4BoomerangCartoon Network
| producer                 = Antoine RodeletJosselin Charier
| company                  = Studio Hari
| distributor              = Hari International
| num_seasons              = 3
| num_episodes             = 78 (234 segments)
| runtime                  = 21 minutes (6-7 minutes per segment)
| first_aired              = 
| last_aired               = 
| list_episodes            = 
| show_name                = 
}}
Grizzy & the Lemmings () is a French computer-animated television series produced by Studio Hari with the participation of France Télévisions, Cartoon Network and Boomerang. It is a silent comedy focusing on a grizzly bear, named Grizzy, having to deal with the group of the eponymous lemmings, who he is irritated by. The show has no real dialogue, as characters will speak gibberish. The three-dimensional designs are by Bertrand Gatignol for the characters and Édouard Cellura for the sets.
The series was announced on June 22, 2015, and debuted internationally in the fall of 2016. It was renewed for a second season on July 5, 2017, which is stated to air on a number of channels around the globe in 2018. Season 1 was released for Netflix on July 15, 2019. In 2019, Hari Productions (Studio Hari) announced the development of the third season, titled Grizzy & the Lemmings World Tour. Season 3 came out in 2021 ended in October 8, 2022.

The Movie was released by January 7, 2007, Grizzy and the Lemmings: The Movie was distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Nickelodeon Movies, Studio Hari, France Televisions and Boomerang

Characters
Characters

Grizzy
Grizzy is an anthropormorphic Grizzly bear who has a brown body and light brown fat stomach, and lives in the forest ranger's cabin. The setting for the series is a forest cabin that serves as a sort of vacation home for humans, but when the human owner is away, Grizzy the bear makes himself at home. Grizzy sees the cabin as his personal paradise and goes to great lengths to enjoy its comforts, which include a well-stocked refrigerator, a cozy fireplace, and various gadgets.

However, the cabin is not vacant, as a group of lemmings also inhabits the area. These small, blue-furred creatures are playful and love causing chaos. They often thwart Grizzy's attempts to enjoy the cabin by engaging in zany and humorous schemes.
The central dynamic of the show revolves around Grizzy trying to maintain his peaceful enjoyment of the cabin while dealing with the Lemmings' relentless and unpredictable antics. Grizzy's character is portrayed as clever but often overconfident, leading to humorous situations as he attempts to outsmart the Lemmings.

Lemmings
The Lemmings are a group of anthropomorphic lemmings with blue bodies and light bluish gray stomachs, also inhabiting Forest Ranger's cabin. The Lemmings, on the other hand, have a knack for coming up with creative solutions to their problems, even if those solutions usually involve chaotic and slapstick humor. Despite their mischievous nature, they have a certain charm that makes them endearing.

Voice cast

France 3/France 4
 Pierre-Alain de Garrigues as Grizzy
 Josselin Charier as Lemmings
 Various as various characters
Cartoon Network/Boomerang
 Ben Bocquelet as Grizzy (2016–2017, 2018–2022), various characters (2016–2017, 2018–2022)
 Mike Pollock as Grizzy (2016–2017), various characters (2016–2017)
 Pierre Coffin as Lemmings (2016, 2017, 2018–2022), various characters (2016, 2017, 2018–2022)
 Romain Brillaud as Lemmings (2016), various characters (2016)
 Yoann Perrier as Lemmings (2017), various characters (2017)
 Various as various characters

Episodes 

<onlyinclude>

Other websites 
 Grizzy and the Lemmings on Studio Hari's Website

References 

Animated television series
Marshall Clement "Mark" Sanford Jr. (born May 28, 1960) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican. He was a U.S. Representative for South Carolina's 1st congressional district from 1995 to 2001. Sanford was then elected Governor of South Carolina from 2003 until 2011. He ran again for the U.S. House and was a congressman from 2013 to 2019. He lost in the 2018 Republican primary for his re-election bid.

Sanford is a teaching fellow at the University of Chicago Institute of Politics.

In July 2019, Sanford said that he was thinking of a 2020 presidential bid against President Donald Trump for the Republican nomination. He formally announced his candidacy on September 8, 2019. He dropped out from the race two months later on November 12.

References
References

1960 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from South Carolina
Governors of South Carolina
Educators from Florida
Politicians from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Republican Party (United States) politicians
South Carolina Republicans
University of Chicago faculty
A word is the number of bits a particular computer's CPU can deal with in one go. 

Modern processors, including those in embedded systems, usually have a word size of 8, 16, 24, 32, or 64 bits.

References

Units of information
Raffaele La Capria (3 October 1922 – 26 June 2022) was an Italian novelist and screenwriter. He was known for his series of three novels (the most important is "Ferito a morte") which were known as Tre romanzi di una giornata. La Capria was born in Naples. He was married to actress Ilaria Occhini until her death in July 2019.

He worked as co-scriptwriter on many of Francesco Rosi's movies, including Le mani sulla città (1963), Uomini contro (1970) and Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (1979). In September 2001 he won a Premio Campiello lifetime achievement award and in 2005 L'estro quotidiano was selected as the winner of the Viareggio Prize for fiction.

La Capria died on 26 June 2022 in Rome, Italy at the age of 99.

References

1922 births
2022 deaths
Italian novelists
Italian screenwriters
Movie people from Naples
Writers from Naples
Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957) is a Turkmen politician. He was the 2nd President of Turkmenistan from 2007 until 2022.

Berdimuhamedow, a dentist, worked in the government under President Saparmurat Niyazov as Minister of Health. He is the first dentist in the world to head a state or a government.

In February 2022, Berdimuhamedow announced his plans not to run for re-election in 2022.

References

1957 births
Living people
Presidents of Turkmenistan
Dictators
President of Turkmenistan (Turkmen:Türkmenistanyň prezidenti) is the head of state, head of government and the chief executive of Turkmenistan

Serdar Berdimuhamedow is the current President of Turkmenistan, only the third in the history of the country since it gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The President is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan and the Chairman of the country's Cabinet of Ministers.

Term limits
The country passed reforms in 2016 eliminating term limits for the presidency and removing the age requirement of below 70, as well as extending the term from five to seven years.

Requirements for presidents and removal from office 
Requirements for candidates for President of Turkmenistan include the following:

 Must have been born in Turkmenistan
 Must be fluent in the Turkmen language
 Must be at least 40 years old 
 Must have resided in Turkmenistan for the past 15 consecutive years
 Must be employed

List of presidents
List of presidents

References

Other websites
U.S. State Department profile of Turkmenistan
Raşit Öwezgeldiýewiç Meredow (Cyrillic: Рашит Өвезгелдиевич Мередов; born 1959) is a Turkmen politician. He is the Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2001, as well as a Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan. He is also the First Vice President of Turkmenistan since 2007 working for the Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow administration.

References

1959 births
Living people
Turkmenistan politicians
Vice presidents
People from Ashgabat
Eberhard Kummer (2 August 1940 – 12 July 2019) was an Austrian folk singer and lawyer. He was an expert of medieval music. Kummer was born in Krems an der Donau, Austria.  He played the hurdy-gurdy, the harp and the guitar, and made important works to medieval music and the Austrian folksong.

Kummer died on 12 July 2019 in Vienna at the age of 78.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Austrian singers
Austrian lawyers
Rosa María Britton (July 28, 1936 – July 16, 2019) was a Panamanian doctor and novelist. She was born in Panama City. Her best known novels were: El ataúd de uso (1983), El señor de las lluvias y el viento (1984), No pertenezco a este siglo (1991), Laberintos de orgullo (2002) and Suspiros de fantasmas (2005).

Britton died on July 16, 2019 in Panama City at the age of 82.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Panamanian people
Novelists
Physicians
Daniel Callahan (July 19, 1930 – July 16, 2019) was an American philosopher. He was an important person towards the field of biomedical ethics. He was the co-founder of The Hastings Center, the world's first bioethics research institute. He was the Director of The Hastings Center from 1969 to 1983, president from 1984 to 1996, and president emeritus from 1996 to 2019. He was the author or editor of 47 books. He was born in Washington, D.C..

Callahan died on July 16, 2019 in Dobbs Ferry, New York at the age of 88.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
American philosophers
Writers from New York City
Writers from Washington, D.C.
John Adel Elya (16 September 1928 – 19 July 2019) was a bishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. From 1993 to 2004, he was Eparch of Newton, with jurisdiction over Melkite churches in the United States. He was born in Maghdouché, Lebanon.

Elya died on 19 July 2019 at the age of 90.

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
Lebanese Christians
Bishops
American Christian clergy
Albert Daniel "Bert" Rechichar (July 16, 1930 – July 19, 2019) was an American football defensive back and kicker. He played with the National Football League's Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Colts, and Pittsburgh Steelers from 1952 to 1960. He also played for the American Football League's New York Titans in 1961. He was born in Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania.

Rechichar died on July 19, 2019 in Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania from an illness, aged 89.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Baltimore Colts players
Cleveland Browns players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Belle Vernon is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is near the Monongahela River. As of the 2010 census Belle Vernon had a population of 1,093.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Ilaria Occhini (28 March 1934 – 20 July 2019) was an Italian actress. She starred in more than 30 movies. Her best known roles were Doctor and the Healer, Welcome to Home Gori and Loose Cannons. Her husband was screenwriter Raffaele La Capria.

Occhini died in Rome on 20 July 2019 at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2019 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
Actors from Florence
José Manuel Estepa Llaurens (1 January 1926 – 21 July 2019) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church and Military Archbishop Emeritus of Spain from 1986 to 2003. He was born in Andújar, Spain.

He was created Cardinal-Priest of S. Gabriele Arcangelo all’Acqua Traversa by Pope Benedict XVI in a consistory at St. Peter's Basilica on 20 November 2010. Because he had already reached age 80, he was not eligible to participate in a conclave.

Estepa Llaurens died on 21 July 2019 in Madrid at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2019 deaths
Spanish cardinals
People from Madrid
Louis Lansana Beavogui (28 December 1923 – 19 August 1984) was a Guinean politician. He was the first Prime Minister of Guinea from 26 April 1972 to 3 April 1984 and was interim President from 26 March 1984 to 3 April 1984.

Beavogui was born on 28 December 1923 in Macenta, French Guinea (now Guinea) and died of diabetes while hospitalized in Conakry, Guinea on 19 August 1984, aged 60.

References 

1923 births
1984 deaths
Prime Ministers of Guinea
Presidents of Guinea
Mayors
Diplomats
Deaths from diabetes
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Choctaw County is a county in the central U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 8,547 people lived there. The county seat is Ackerman.

References 

1833 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Claiborne County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 9,604 people lived there. Its county seat is Port Gibson.

References 

1800s establishments in Mississippi Territory
1802 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Clarke County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 16,732 people lived there. Its county seat is Quitman.

References 

1833 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Neshoba County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 29,676 people lived there. Its county seat is Philadelphia.

References 

1833 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Copiah County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 29,449 people lived there. Its county seat is Hazlehurst.

References 

1820s establishments in Mississippi
1823 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Covington County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 19,568 people lived there. Its county seat is Collins.

References 

1810s establishments in Mississippi
1819 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Forrest County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 74,934 people lived there. Its county seat and largest city is Hattiesburg.

References 

1900s establishments in Mississippi
1908 establishments in the United States
Forrest County
DeSoto County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 161,252 people lived there which makes it the third-most populous county in Mississippi. Its county seat is Hernando.

References 

1836 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
George County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 22,578 people lived there. Its county seat is Lucedale.

References 

20th-century establishments in Mississippi
1910 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
The Ryukyu Kingdom is a country that no longer exists in present-day Okinawa. Before Japan took control of it during the Meiji Era, it was an independent country with its own culture, government, and language from 1429 to 1879.  Okinawa was a major trading center in Asia, so there are aspects of Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian cultures that were blended into the native Okinawan culture.

The name Ryukyu is a transcription of the Chinese name for the region, Liuqiu (written as 琉球 in Chinese characters).

Before the Ryukyu Kingdom was created, Okinawa was made up of three countries: Nanzan, Chuzan, and Hokuzan. Chuzan took over the other two kingdoms, united the three kingdoms, and created the Ryukyu Kingdom. The kingdom had its own dynasty of kings and they ruled from Shuri Castle in the city of Shuri. Although they used to be different cities, Shuri is now in the northern part of present-day Naha.

Okinawa Prefecture
15th century in Japan
Former monarchies of Asia

Ryukyu Islands

19th century in Japan
Shurijo or Shuri Castle was the palace where the Ryukyu kings lived before Okinawa became part of Japan. Since it was built when Okinawa was independent, the castle structure is very different from other castles in Japan. Shuri Castle is located in Shuri. Shuri was once the Ryukyu capital, but it is now part of the present-day city of Naha.

Throughout its history, it had been destroyed and rebuilt four times, including during the Battle of Okinawa. This is why the courtyard is a little asymmetrical, or lop-sided. It was a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

On the morning of 31 October 2019, a large fire broke out at the main hall of the castle. Seiden, Hokuden, Nanden and Bandokoro were completely destroyed. According to news sources, "Six castle buildings occupying some 4,200 square meters in total were [destroyed]." The fire was put out around 1:30 p.m.

References

Okinawa Prefecture
Grenada County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 21,906 people lived there. Its county seat is Grenada.

References 

1870 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Sweetwater is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Nolan County.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Shuri was the capital of the former countries of Chuzan and later of the Ryukyu Kingdom, which were in present-day Okinawa. The Ryukyu kings would rule the kingdom from Shuri Castle. Today, it is a district of the present-day city of Naha. Shuri and Naha used to be different cities, but since Okinawa became part of Japan, Shuri would no longer be the capital. The Japanese government made Naha, which was a nearby port city, to be Okinawa's capital instead. Today, Shuri Station it is the last stop on the Okinawa Urban Monorail.

Okinawa Prefecture
Mamady Youla (born 1961) is a Guinean businessman and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Guinea from 29 December 2015 to 24 May 2018.

References 

1961 births
Prime Ministers of Guinea
African businesspeople
Living people
The Okinawa Urban Monorail, or the Yui Rail, is a monorail train line in Naha, the capital of Okinawa, Japan. It is the only public train line in the entire prefecture, and right now the entire line is only in Naha. It has 15 stops, beginning from Naha Airport and ending in Shuri Station. There are plans to extend the line to Urasoe City. There are also plans to allow passengers to pay using Suica by the spring of 2020.

Okinawa Prefecture
Japanese railways
Social commentary is indirectly expressing an opinion on how society should change. Martin Luther, Jonathan Swift and Charles Dickens are among many people who wrote social commentaries.

Sociology
Low comedy is a form of comedy that is meant only to make people laugh without any satire or social commentary. Low comedy can have people getting drunk, getting hit in the face with pies, tripping over banana peels and getting wedgies.  The name "Low Comedy" was created by John Dryden. It is often seen as the opposite of High Comedy.

Comedy
Satire
High comedy is a form of comedy based on wit, satire or clever dialogue.  The phrase was created by George Meredith in his 1877 Essay on Comedy in which he says that it is the opposite of low comedy.

Comedy
Satire
The Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings occurred on 20 July 1982. Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army used a bomb in each park to attack British military ceremonies in central London.

In Hyde Park, a nail bomb in a car exploded. It killed four soldiers and seven horses.

In Regent's Park, a bomb underneath a bandstand killed seven military bandsmen.

References 

1982 in the United Kingdom
1980s crimes in the United Kingdom
1980s explosions in Europe
1980s in London
1980s murders in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in London
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1980s
Car and truck bombings in Europe
Car and truck bombings in the 1980s
Explosions in London
July events
Mass murder in London
Mass murder in the 1980s
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Terrorist incidents in London
Terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom in the 1980s
Mainland Japan is the name used to describe all the regions of Japan except for Hokkaido and Okinawa. Until the end of World War II, the name included Hokkaido and Okinawa, but it excluded all the colonies of the Japanese Empire, including Korea and Taiwan. However, since the colonies are no longer under control of Japan, those places have no reason to call Japan "the mainland."

However, they are still used by residents of Okinawa and Hokkaido because their cultures and native people are different from the other parts of Japan.

In Hokkiado, the word Dogai is also used. It means every part of Japan outside of Hokkaido.

Geography of Japan
Japanese knotweed (Persicaria japonica) is a perennial herbaceous plant.  It lives in Asian countries including Taiwan, Japan and southern China.

References

Plants of Asia
Polygonaceae