Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Phase 3: Israeli Push Against Transjordans
On July 9th, the Israelis launched a new series of operations against the Jordanians in the West Bank. The hope was to end the conflict in this front against what Israelis considered to be the most well-trained and armed Arab army, Transjordan's Arab Legion. The offensives were largely a success and although other Arab nations tried to take advantage of Israel's focus on the West Bank, their advances were small. This phase of the war ended with another truce on July 18, 1948.

Phase 4: Israeli push against Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon
With the Jordanians stuck in the West Bank, Israelis launched two more offensives on October 15th. These forced Egyptian forces out of the Negev Desert and pushed back Syrian and Lebanese forces into their own countries. Following these last offensives, the military part of the war ended. Still, it would take until January 7, 1949 for Israel to complete signing treaties with each warring nation.
Results
Through the war, Israel gained a large amount of land. While the original separation lines gave about equal land to Jewish and Arab states, the treaty lines of 1949 gave Israel a much larger state, limiting Arab-controlled land to the small Gaza strip and a smaller West Bank (than in 1947. Yet, these were not controlled by any Palestinian government. Instead, Egypt controlled the small Gaza Strip while Jordan controlled the West Bank and Eastern Jerusalem.
Notes

Bibliography

1947 in Asia
1948 in Asia
1949 in Asia
1940s in Egypt
Arab–Israeli conflict
20th century in Jordan
History of Palestine
Wars involving Egypt
Wars involving Iraq
Wars involving Israel
Wars involving Lebanon
Wars involving Syria
Wars of independence
1940s in Israel
1940s conflicts
Dale Dehaven Myers (January 8, 1922 – May 19, 2015) was an American aerospace engineer for NASA. He served as Deputy Administrator of NASA, serving between October 6, 1986 and May 13, 1989. He was well known for his work on the Apollo program.

Myers was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington in 1943. He was married to Marge Myers and had two children. He lost his eye in a car accident.

Myers died on May 19, 2015 at his retirement home in La Costa, California. He was 93.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
American aerospace engineers
Administrators of NASA
Scientists from Kansas City, Missouri
An Jun Can (; 20 September 1983 – 1 June 2015), better known as Shone An, was a Taiwanese singer and actor. From 2002 until 2005, he was a member of the mandopop boy band Comic Boyz. He also appeared in many movie, television and theatre productions such as Case Sensitive (2011), Rhapsody of Marriage (2012) and Turn Around (2014). He was also a guest host on 100% Entertainment. He was born in Tainan.

Shone An died from liver cancer on 1 June 2015 in Tainan, aged 31.

References

1983 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Taiwanese movie actors
Pop singers
Stage actors
Taiwanese actors
Taiwanese singers
Taiwanese television actors
The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) is a seal that is common in Antarctica. It is named after James Weddell, who discovered it. Estimations are that there are half a million to a million of these animals left, which makes it the most common seal in Antarctica, after the Crabeater seal. During the winter, most Weddel seals do not migrate northwards. Instead, they keep open a hole in the ice, by gnawing it with their teeth.

Notes

Pinnipeds
Animals of Antarctica
Joan Elizabeth Kirner  (née Hood; 20 June 1938 – 1 June 2015) was an Australian politician, educator and activist. She was a Labor Party member of the Parliament of Victoria from 1982 to 1994. She was the 42nd Premier of Victoria, serving from 10 August 1990 until 6 October 1992. She was also the 21st Deputy Premier of Victoria from 7 February 1989 until 10 August 1990, and Leader of the Opposition of Victoria from 6 October 1992 until March 1993.

Kirner was born in Essendon, Melbourne. She was married to Ronald George Kirner and had three children.

Kirner died from oesophageal cancer on 1 June 2015 in Melbourne, aged 76.

References 

1938 births
2015 deaths
Australian activists
Australian educators
Australian Labor Party politicians
Cancer deaths in Victoria (Australia)
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Politicians from Melbourne
Premiers of Victoria

Companions of the Order of Australia
Sherborne is a market town in northwest Dorset, in South West England. It is on the River Yeo,  east of Yeovil. The A30 road, which goes from London to Penzance, runs through the town. 

The population of Sherborne parish was 9,523 in the 2011 census. 28.7% of the population is aged 65 or older.

Places
Sherborne is best known for Sherborne Abbey, a historical building. It was a Saxon cathedral from the years 705–1075. It was a Benedictine abbey from the years 998–1539. Now it is a local church. 

Sherborne also has two castles. One is ruins of a 12th century fortified palace.The second is a 16th century mansion named Sherborne Castle. It was built by Sir Walter Raleigh. Much of the old town is built from ochre-coloured stone. These include the abbey and many medieval and Georgian era buildings.

References

Other websites
 town website

Towns in Dorset
West Dorset
The Rational root theorem  (or rational zero theorem) is a proven idea in mathematics. It says that if the coefficients of a polynomial are integers, then one can find all of the possible rational roots by dividing each factor of the constant term by each factor of the leading coefficient. [1][2]

Think about this polynomial:
anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + … + a0

All of the possible rational roots are these: ±factors of a0 / ±factors of an

This only finds the rational roots. There may be irrational or imaginary roots. Other theorems, such as Descartes’ rule of signs, help find how many imaginary roots there are for a given equation. [1]

Example 
Think about this polynomial: 15x4 + 2x3 – 10x2 + x – 8

Factors of the leading coefficient are: 15: ±1,±3,±5,±15

Factors of the constant are: -8: ±1,±2,±4,±8

Possible rational roots are: ±1/1, ±2/1, ±4/1, ±8/1, ±1/3, ±2/3, ±4/3, ±8/3, ±1/5, ±2/5, ±4/5, ±8/5, ±1/15, ±2/15, ±4/15, ±8/15
References 
Larson, Ron. Algebra 2. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. Print.
Phillip S. Jones, Jack D. Bedient: The historical roots of elementary mathematics. Dover 	Courier Publications 1998, , pp. 116–117

Algebra
Mathematical theorems
Yaroslavl is a Russian city on the Volga River, the capital and the largest city of Yaroslavl Oblast. It was founded in 1010. It is one of the largest cities in Russia. The city's centre is a World Heritage Site. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow.

Related pages 
 List of cities and towns in Russia by population

References

Cities and towns in Yaroslavl Oblast
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Golden Ring of Russia
Lhasa (; ) is a city in Tibet. It is one of the highest cities in the world. It has many Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang and Norbulingka.

References

 
Geography of Tibet
Qingdao is a Chinese city. It is an important seaport. The Tsingtao Brewery is the country's second largest brewery.

Cities in China
Interpolation is a process which constructs a continuous function from a set of points. In nearest-neighbor interpolation, the idea is to use the value of the data point or measurement which is closest to the current point. The method is also known as proximal interpolation or, point sampling.

Mathematical approximation
Battlefield Hardline is a first-person shooter video game. It is published by Electronic Arts. It was released in March 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. Unlike the earlier games in the Battlefield series, Hardline is about crime, heist and police force, instead of military warfare.

Gameplay 
Battlefield Hardline focuses on a different aspect of the first person shooter than the other games in its series while Battlefield 2,3, and 4 focus on the American and Russian military, Battlefield Hardline now focuses on the war on crime in America. The new game now features two different teams with cops and criminals. Both sides now receive guns and gadgets specific to their team. So while the criminal would get an AKM the cops will get a M16A3.

The game features a bunch of new game modes and a bunch of different maps.

New maps

Dustbowl
A small hillbilly-like town focused around one big house in the middle of the map that is secretly a meth lab.
Downtown
A big open downtown city of Miami; this map has many open streets and tall skyscrapers.

Grow house
A big warehouse that has a secret underground marijuana farm that police are trying to seize.

Bank job
A map representing the average bank which criminals try to rob. The map also consists of a parking garage and a few local stores.

Everglades
A map that is centered around a swamp and an oil refinery.

Riptide
A map focused on a big mansion which is on an island surrounded by ocean.

Hollywood Heights
A map focused on a giant mansion which criminals are trying to loot.

The Block
A map centered around an apartment complex in a ghetto neighborhood.

Classes
The game features 4 classes; operator, mechanic, enforcer and professional. Each are good in their own areas.
Operator
A class whose primary weapons are assault rifles and carbines. Its secondary weapons consists of nine millimeter pistols. Its role in the game is as the medic of the team with gadgets like the medic bag to heal hurt teammates and the revive gadgets to bring dead teammates back to life. This class does especially well at medium to short range. The most notable weapons for this class are the M16A3, M416, AKM, and the G17.

Mechanic
A class whose primary weapons are sub-machine guns. Secondary weapons are revolvers. Its role in the game is to destroy enemy vehicles and heal friendly vehicles. It has gadgets such as the grenade launcher to hurt enemy cars and the repair tool to heal friendly cars. The mechanic works best at close range. The most notable weapons for the mechanic are the K10, MPX, and the .357 RS.

References 
 

Battlefield video games
Video games developed in Sweden
Bodrum Castle (), formerly the Castle of St. Peter, is located in southwest Turkey in the port city of Bodrum (), was built from 1402 onwards, by the Knights Hospitaller as the Castle of St. Peter or Petronium. The castle was completed in 1522. It was used as a jail in 19th century. There are 5 towers of Bodrum Castle.

History 

The headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller were on the island of Rhodes. In 1402 their fortifications at İzmir fell to the Mongols under Tamerlane. Threatened by an invasion of the Seljuks they built the castle at Bodrum. Its location was the site of a fortification during the Doric Greek period. There was also a small Seljuk castle in the 11th century. The same promontory is also the probable site of the palace of Mausolos. He was the king of Caria. The construction of the castle began in 1404. It was fully fortified by 1460. Bodrum came under its final siege in 1522. At the time it was still strong enough to send men to Rhodes. After Rhodes fell, the castle surrendered.
Museum of Underwater Archaeology 
The Museum of Underwater Archaeology is housed inside the castle. One of its displays is one of the world's oldest ships believed to come from the 6th century. Another is called the glass shipwreck due to the large number of bottles it was carrying.

Bibliography 
Bodream, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Anagramme Ed., 2010.

References

Other websites 

 Bodrum Castle

Buildings and structures in Turkey
Sharsheret (Hebrew for “chain") is a national not-for-profit organization. It was created to support young Jewish women with breast cancer, or their families. It was founded by Rochelle Shoretz in 2001. Their headquarter is in Teaneck, New Jersey.

Other websites
Sharsheret Homepage

Non-profit organizations of the United States
2001 establishments in the United States
Organizations based in New Jersey
was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Japan and a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. 

He was  Chief Cabinet Secretary in the government of Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda from 2007 to 2008 and twice Minister for Foreign Affairs, in the cabinets of Junichiro Koizumi and Shinzō Abe. He resigned as the Speaker of the House of Representatives on April 21, 2015 after suffering from a stroke.

Machimure died from a cerebral infarction in Tokyo, aged 70.

References

1944 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cerebral infarction
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
Monford Merrill "Monte" Irvin (February 25, 1919 – January 11, 2016) was a former left fielder and right fielder in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB).

He played with the Newark Eagles (1938–42, 46-48), New York Giants (1949–55) and Chicago Cubs (1956). He grew up in New Jersey and was a standout football player at Lincoln University. Irvin left Lincoln to spend several seasons in Negro league baseball. His career was interrupted by military service from 1943 to 1945.

Irvin died at his home in Houston, Texas from natural causes on January 11, 2016 at the age of 96.

References

Other websites

St. Petersburg Times  - Profile
cmgww.com - Official website
legacymemorybank.org  - Monte Irvin interview on Martin Luther King, Jr.

1919 births
2016 deaths
African-American baseball players
Chicago Cubs players
New York Giants players
Sportspeople from Alabama
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Boyd Kenneth Packer (September 10, 1924 – July 3, 2015) was an American religious leader and former educator. He was the president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Packer was born in Brigham City, Utah. He studied at Utah State University and at Brigham Young University. Packer was married to Donna Smith. They had ten children.

He served as Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve from 1994 to 2008, and was an apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve from April 1970 until his death in July 2015.

Packer has served as a general authority of the church since 1961. Before his death, he was the second most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.

Packer died of natural causes at his home in Cottonwood Heights, Utah, aged 90.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Boyd K. Packer, official church profile.
Boyd K. Packer, Mormon Newsroom Leader Biographies.
Boyd K. Packer , Church News
Boyd K. Packer , Boyd K. Packer, Grampa Bill's G.A. (General Authority) Pages.
Boyd K. Packer Boyd K. Packer, Special Witnesses of Christ, LDS.org

1924 births
2015 deaths
American Christians
Christian religious leaders
Businesspeople from Utah
Russell Marion Nelson (born September 9, 1924) is the 17th and current President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) upon replacing Thomas S. Monson in January 2018. He was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church. He is also a known cardiothoracic surgeon. 

Currently, he is the oldest living apostle in the Church. In July 3, 2015, following the death of President Boyd K. Packer, Nelson became President of the Quorum.

References

1924 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
Christian religious leaders
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City, Utah
Dallin Harris Oaks (born August 12, 1932) is an American attorney, jurist, author, professor, public speaker, and religious leader. Since 1984, he has been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

He was president of Brigham Young University (BYU), a professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School and a justice of the Utah Supreme Court. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Oaks was considered by Republican U.S. presidential administrations to be part of the United States Supreme Court. Currently, he is the second most senior apostle in the church.

In January 2018, Oaks became President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles after Russell M. Nelson became President of the LDS Church.

Other websites
Dallin H. Oaks, official church biography.
Dallin H. Oaks, Mormon Newsroom Leader Biographies.
Dallin H. Oaks, short biography.
Dallin H. Oaks , Dallin H. Oaks, BYU President
Dallin H. Oaks , Grampa Bill's G.A. (General Authority) Pages.
1932 births
Living people
University of Chicago faculty
American judges
American Latter Day Saints
Businesspeople from Utah
Christian religious leaders
People from Provo, Utah
Writers from Utah
Academics from Utah
Melvin Russell Ballard, Jr. (born October 8, 1928) has been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1985. In 2018 he became Acting President of the Quorum.  As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Ballard is accepted by church members as a prophet, seer, and revelator. He is the third most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.

References

"Elder Melvin Russell Ballard, Jr., Of the First Quorum of the Seventy", Ensign, May 1976

Other websites
"General Authorities: Elder M. Russell Ballard", lds.org (now churchofjesuschrist.org)
Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: M. Russell Ballard 
Newsroom of LDS Church

1928 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saint leaders
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Robert Dean Hales (August 24, 1932 – October 1, 2017) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Hales was accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator. He was the seventh most senior apostle among the ranks of the church. He was born in New York City.

Hales died on October 1, 2017 at a hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 85.

Notes

References
 
 
"Elder Robert Dean Hales: Assistant to the Council of the Twelve", Ensign, May 1975

Other websites
"General Authorities: Elder Robert D. Hales", lds.org
 Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Robert D. Hales 
Hales on Special Witnesses of Christ

1932 births
2017 deaths
American Christians
Christian religious leaders
People from New York City
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Richard Gordon Scott (November 7, 1928 – September 22, 2015) was an American nuclear engineer and a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was the sixth most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.

Other websites
"General Authorities: Elder Richard G. Scott", lds.org
Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Richard G. Scott 

1928 births
2015 deaths
American Latter Day Saint leaders
Scientists from Idaho
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
American nuclear engineers
Teaneck  is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 39,776.

Townships in Bergen County, New Jersey
Michael Alfred Peszke (19 December 1932 – 17 May 2015) was a Polish-American psychiatrist and historian of the Polish Armed Forces in World War II. He published several monographs on the Polish Armed Forces in the West between the 1990s and 2010s.

Peszke was born in Dęblin, the son of Alfred Bartłomiej Peszke. After the outbreak of World War II and the Nazi and Soviet invasion of Poland, he and his parents evacuated to France and the United Kingdom. He was also educated in Ireland. He later moved to the United States in the 1950s. He was married to Alice and had two children.

Peszke died on 17 May 2015 in Wakefield, Rhode Island. He was 83.

References

1932 births
2015 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American historians
Polish writers
American psychiatrists
Writers from Rhode Island
A tubo-ovarian abscess is an infection of the female ovary and fallopian tube. It is a pus-filled ovary and Fallopian tube that is filled with infection.  This type of abscess is caused by an untreated sexually transmitted disease. It can be a complication after surgery to remove the uterus.

When a woman has this abcess, she has a fever, signs of infection in her blood, severe pain in her pelvic area.  She may also have a vaginal discharge. Many different kinds of bacteria can cause tubo-ovarian abscess. Tubo-ovarian abscess is rare in virgins.

Symptoms and causes 
The symptoms of tubo-ovarian abscess are the same as pelvic inflammatory disease.  The abscess can be seen with x-rays and other medical equipment.  The bacteria that cause gonorrhea can cause tubo-ovarian abscess.  The microorganism that causes a Chlamidia infection can cause tubo-ovarian abscess. Other bacteria can cause tubo-ovarian abscess Using an IUD for a long time can cause TOA.
The abcess can rupture filling the abdomen with the infection.  This is an emergency and a woman can die if this ruptured abscess is not treated quickly. A blood infection can happen if the abscess is not treated.  Sometimes an inter uteran device, a form of birth control can cause the abcess.
Prevention and treatment
Some things make a woman more likely to get this disease.  These things are: sexual activity, increased age, IUD insertion, chlamydia infection, bacterial infection, sexually transmitted disease.  This disease is cured by treatment with medicine that will kill the bacteria that are causing the infection.  Some doctors will use intravenous antibiotics for least 24 hours.  Some women with this infection have to go to the hospital. Sometimes surgery has to be done.  After being in the hospital, medicine can be taken by mouth that will continue to cure the infection.   Patients are checked by a doctor three days after being in the hospital.  They then get another check up one to two weeks later to make sure that the infection is cured.
Complications 
Sometimes this infection is complicated.  In some cases the ovary and fallopian tubes have to be taken out. Without ovaries or Fallopian tubes a woman may not be able to have a baby.  There are other things that can happen during surgery that result in a bad outcome. But this is true for all surgeries.

How many women are affected 
One million women get tubo-ovarian abscess every year.

References 

Diseases caused by bacteria
Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
Sexually transmitted diseases
The Grand Bazaar (, meaning ‘Grand Bazaar’) in Istanbul, Turkey is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world. It has 61 covered streets. There are more than 3,000 shops. As of 2014, there were no official statistics about the number of shops in the Bazaar. But it varies between 3,000 and 4,000. The bazaar attracts between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily. In 2013, it is listed as number one among the world's most-visited tourist attractions with 91,250,000 annual visitors.

The bazaar was built in Ottoman times by Mehmet the Conquerer. It was grown by Suleiman the Magnificent. The Grand Bazaar occupies . There were hammams, inns, mosques and fountains in bazaar.
 
The Grand Bazaar is located inside the walled city of Istanbul. It is in the district of Fatih, in the neighbourhood bearing the same name, ().

References 

Istanbul
Street markets
Geraldine Leigh Chaplin (born 31 July 1944) is an American-born British actress. She is the daughter of Charlie Chaplin and Oona O'Neill.

She is best known for her 1965 Golden Globe nominated role of Tonya in David Lean's movie, Doctor Zhivago.  She received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman's Nashville in 1975.  She also acted in his other movies, Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson in 1976 and A Wedding in 1978. 

She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Welcome to L.A. in 1976. She played her grandmother, Hannah Chaplin in the movie, Chaplin in 1992 and received her third Golden Globe nomination. She has also acted in The Age of Innocence in 1993, Home for the Holidays in 1995, and Jane Eyre in 1996.

Career 
When Chaplin was eight years old, she acted in her father's movie Limelight. She studied at the Royal Ballet School, in hopes of becoming a ballet dancer.  When that did not work out, she became an actress instead.
David Lean chose her to play Tonya, the wife of the leading role, in his movie Doctor Zhivago.  In an interview about the movie, she said "Because of my name, the right doors opened."

In 1967, she acted in a famous play in the Broadway theatre, Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes. Her performance was praised in a review in The New York Times. Cliff Barnes wrote that Chaplin "acts with spirit and force," all the while "acting with a magnificently raw-voiced sincerity" in what was a performance of "surprising power."

Chaplin has also acted in several Spanish and French films. She received a Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in a Spanish-Argentine movie, In the City Without Limits in 2001.

In 2018, she starred as Iris in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.
Personal life 
Geraldine Chaplin was born in Santa Monica, California. She was the fourth child of the movie star Charlie Chaplin. She was the first of his eight children with his fourth and last wife, Oona O'Neill.  Her grandfather was the Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize winning American playwright Eugene O'Neill. When Geraldine was eight years old, the family moved to Switzerland, where she went to school. This is where she learned to speak both French and Spanish. 

In 1978 the Chaplin family were the victims of a plot by kidnappers who had stolen the body of Charlie Chaplin for ransom. Geraldine negotiated with the kidnappers, who threatened to shoot her baby son in the knees.

After living in Spain for over 25 years, Chaplin left in 1992 because of personal difficulties. She moved back to her family home in Vevey, Switzerland. 
She married Patricio Castilla in 2006. She has two children and a godson:  She has a home beside the beach in Miami and also spends time living in Madrid and Switzerland.
References

Other websites 

Geraldine Chaplin at the Internet Broadway Database
Geraldine Chaplin at AllMovie

1944 births
Living people
American movie actors
Actors from Santa Monica, California
Santiago del Estero is the capital of the Santiago del Estero Province in northern Argentina. It is at a distance of  north-northwest from Buenos Aires.

Francisco de Aguirre founded the city in its present location on 23 December 1553; he named the city Santiago after Saint James and Estero because it was close to a lagoon near the Dulce river.

Geography
The city is along the Dulce river in a region with esteros (wetlands). The altitude of the city is  above sea level.

Santiago del Estero has an area of  and a population of 252,192, in 2010, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Climate 
Santiago del Estero has an arid climate, subtype Bsh in the Köppen climate classification.

The average temperature for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

Places of interest 
Some interesting places in San Miguel de Tucumán are:
 Plaza Independencia ("Independence square")
 Casa de Gobierno de Tucumán ("Tucumán Government Palace")
 Catedral de San Miguel de Tucumán ("San Miguel de Tucumán cathedral")
 Basilica of San Francisco ("Saint Francis Basilica")
 Casa de Tucumán ("Tucumán House" or "Independence House")

Twin towns 
Santiago del Estero is twinned with:
  Suzhou, China
  Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
  Tarija, Bolivia
  Hama, Syria
  Copiapó, Chile
  Talavera de la Reina, Spain

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Municipality of Santiago del Estero  
 Santiago del Estero Province Official Website
Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Santiago del Estero Province
1550s establishments in South America
16th-century establishments in Argentina
1553 establishments
Nicholas Joseph Orville Liverpool (9 September 1934 – 1 June 2015) was a Dominican politician and jurist. He was the sixth President of Dominica, from 2 October 2003 to 17 September 2012.

Liverpool died on 1 June 2015 in Miami, Florida from a heart attack, where he was receiving medical treatment, aged 80.

References

Other websites
Official site of the President's Office, Commonwealth of Dominica

1934 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Dominica
Lucien Bouchard  (; born December 22, 1938) is a Canadian retired lawyer, diplomat, politician and former Minister of the Environment of the Canadian Federal Government.

He was the founder and the first leader of the Bloc Québécois from 1991 to 1996, Leader of the Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 to 1996, and leader of the Parti Québécois from 1996 to 2001. He served as the 27th Premier of Quebec from January 29, 1996, to March 8, 2001.

He became a central figure for the "Yes" side in the 1995 Quebec referendum, alongside the then Premier of Quebec and leader of the Parti Québécois, Jacques Parizeau, whom he succeeded. He is a recipient of the title of Commander of the Légion d'Honneur.

Bouchard was born in Saint-Cœur-de-Marie, Québec. He was the son of Alice (née Simard) and Philippe Bouchard. He studied at Université Laval. Bouchard married Solange Dugas in May 2013.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1938 births
Living people
Premiers of Quebec
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Winterset is a city in Madison County, Iowa, United States. The population was 5,190 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Madison County.
Winterset is part of the Des Moines − West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area. Winterset is the birthplace of actor John Wayne.

References

Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
Stuart Maxwell Whitman (February 1, 1928 – March 16, 2020) was an American actor. He is known for playing Marshall Jim Crown in the television Western Cimarron Strip, co-starred with John Wayne in The Comancheros and received top billing in the extravagant aviation epic Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1928 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from skin cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from San Francisco
Alberto De Martino (12 June 1929 – 2 June 2015) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Rome, Italy. He was known for his movies O.K. Connery, Holocaust 2000, and The Pumaman.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2015 deaths
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
Writers from Rome
Jean Ritchie (December 8, 1922 – June 1, 2015) was an American folk music singer, songwriter, and Appalachian dulcimer player. Elektra records signed her and released three albums: Jean Ritchie Sings (1952), Songs of Her Kentucky Mountain Family (1957) and A Time for Singing (1962). Ritchie was born in Viper, Kentucky.

Ritchie died in Berea, Kentucky, aged 92.

Other websites
 Live 1976 recording of Ritchie performing "Nottamun Town" from the Florida Folklife Collection (made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida)
 Photographs of Jean Ritchie while artist in residence at UC Santa Cruz in 1978, from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections
 Videos on Woodsongs Archive 

1922 births
2015 deaths
American folk singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Kentucky
Irwin A. Rose (July 16, 1926 – June 2, 2015) was an American biologist. He was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko, for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

Rose was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family. He was married to Zelda Budenstein and had four children.

Rose died on June 2, 2015 in Deerfield, Massachusetts, aged 88.

References 

1926 births
2015 deaths
American biologists
American military personnel of World War II
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
People from Brooklyn
People from Spokane, Washington
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Washington (state)
Educators from New York City
Educators from Washington (state)
The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt were the first group of Egyptian kings to rule over a united country. It began when Upper and Lower Egypt were joined as a single country, probably by Narmer. It is the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. At this time Thinis was the centre of power.

Historians argue about the dates of the First Dynasty which was part of the Early Bronze Age. They use a number of different ways to decide on the dates for events in Egypt. It began sometime between 3400 and 3000 BC. In 2013 radiocarbon dating showed that Hor-Aha began ruling between 3218–3035 BC.

Rulers
Known rulers of the First Dynasty:
Information about the First Dynasty comes from monuments and other objects with royal names. The most important are the Narmer palette, the Narmer Macehead and the Den and Qa'a king lists. No details of the dynasty have been found except for brief entry on the Palermo Stone. Manetho's book, Aegyptiaca is different to the archeological evidence and other historical records. Manetho names nine rulers of the First Dynasty, but only one name matches the other sources. He only has information for four of them. The hieroglyphs were fully developed and would be used with little change for more than 3000 years.
Human sacrifice
Human sacrifice was part of the burials for all the pharaohs of the First Dynasty.  Servants were buried near each pharaoh's tomb, as well as animals. There are 338 people buried at the tomb of Djer.  The people and animals sacrificed, such as donkeys, would help the pharaoh in the afterlife. For unknown reasons, this practice ended with this dynasty. Later burials had shabtis (small figures like dolls) taking the place of actual people.

References

Bibliography
Kuhrt, Amélie. The Ancient Near East: c. 3000–330 BC, Routledge, 1995, London,  isbn = 978-0-415-01353-6

4th millennium BC in Egypt
3rd millennium BC in Egypt
Manetho was an ancient Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos. He lived during the Ptolemaic era, in about 300 BC.

Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). His book is used by Egyptologists to work out the dates for events in ancient Egypt. The earliest reference to Manetho's Aegyptiaca is in Jewish historian Josephus's book, "Against Apion".

Name
We do not know what Manetho's name means, some suggestions are "Gift of Thoth", "Beloved of Thoth", "Truth of Thoth", "Beloved of Neith", or "Lover of Neith", Myinyu-heter ("Horseherd" or "Groom") and Ma'ani-Djehuti ("I have seen Thoth").
Life and work
We do not know when he was born or died. His book may have been written during the rule of Ptolemy I Soter (323–283 BC) and Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–246 BC). The Hibeh Papyri, dated to 241/40 BC, suggests he may been writing during the rule of Ptolemy III Euergetes (246–222 BC). He wrote in the Greek language. Other works he wrote include Against Herodotus, The Sacred Book, On Antiquity and Religion, On Festivals, On the Preparation of Kyphi, and the Digest of Physics. The Book of Sothis on astrology, may also be written by him.

He was probably a priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. He knew a lot about the cult of Sarapis based on Osiris and Apis. Sarapis was a Greco-Macedonian version of the Egyptian cult dating back to Alexander the Great. Tacitus and Plutarch wrote that Ptolemy (probably Ptolemy Soter) imported a statue of the god.
Aegyptiaca
The Aegyptiaca, the "History of Egypt", may have been Manetho's largest work. It was in date order and divided into three volumes. In Aegyptiaca, he invented the word dynasty to mean a group of kings with a common origin. It came from the Greek word dynasteia, meaning "governmental power". He was the first person to group the rulers into dynasties. He did not use the word to mean families. He began a new dynasty when there was a break or change in the power of government. For example, there was a break between the Fourth Dynasty in Memphis, and the Fifth Dynasty at Elephantine. He included details of many of the kings.

Aegyptiaca may have been written as an Egyptian history, to be more accurate than Herodotus' Histories. Hiis other book, Against Herodotus, may be just have been a short version of Aegyptiaca. There are no original copies of either book.
Copies of the book
Aegyptiaca has not survived as a complete book. It is very possible that what has been kept was rewritten by other writers to support their Egyptian, Jewish, or Greek histories. This makes it difficult for modern historians to know how reliable it is as a history.
The earliest mention of Manetho is in Josephus' Contra Apionem ("Against Apion"). This was written nearly 400 years after Aegyptiaca. It is clear that Josephus did not have the original of Manethos' book. At about the same time, a short version, the Epitome, of the book was being used. This kept Manetho's brief list of dynasties and a some parts that were seen as important. For example, it had that the first Dynasty, Menes, "was snatched and killed by a hippopotamus". It is not known if any of the short version is Manetho's original writing. Copies were written by Sextus Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea. Eusebius's copy was used by Jerome in his Latin translation, an Armenian translation, and by George Syncellus. Syncellus saw that the copies by Eusebius and Africanus were almost the same, so he placed them side by side in his work, Ecloga Chronographica.
These last four copies are the only copies of the epitome of Manetho. Other sections are in Malalas's Chronographia and Excerpta Latina Barbari ("Excerpts in Bad Latin").

Sources and methods
Manetho used lists of kings to provide a structure for his history. Josephus wrote that Manetho also used stories, myths and legends for his book. This was common among historians of that time. He must have known the Greek work of Herodotus. He tried to link Egyptian history with Greek history. For example, he links King Memnon with Amenophis, and Armesis with Danaos). It is possible that these links may have been the work of later writers. We do know he could write in the Greek language.

King lists
The king-list that Manetho used is unknown. The Turin King List is the one that is the most similar. The oldest source to compare with Manetho are the Old Kingdom Annals (c. 2500-2200 BC). There are also the Karnak king list, two at Abydos and the Saqqara list.
The Old Kingdom Annals only survive on the Palermo Stone. There are many differences between the stone and Manetho. The stone stops at the fifth dynasty. It includes the early kings of Lower Egypt and kings of Upper Egypt. Manetho lists several Greek and Egyptian gods beginning with Hephaistos and Helios. The Annals also give annual reports of the activities of the kings.

The New Kingdom lists left out some rulers. The list prepared for Seti I, has 76 kings from the First Dynasties to the Fourteenth, but leave out the Hyksos rulers and those linked to Akhenaten. The Saqqara list also does not include them in its list of 58 names. These names were left out for religious, rather than political reasons. If Manetho used these lists at all, he would have been unable to get all of his information from them.
The Turin King List was probably a government, rather than a religious document. It would not have needed to leave out kings for religious reasons. These sort of documents must have been available to Manetho. As a priest he would have had access to all written materials in the temple.

Manetho's list was probably from Lower Egypt. He included kings from the Third Intermediate Period, even such short-lived kings like Amenemnisu (5 years) and Osochor (6 years). But he left out the kings from Thebes, such as Osorkon III, Takelot III, Harsiese A and Pinedjem I and kings from Middle Egypt like Peftjaubast of Herakleopolis. Manetho's information must have come from a local city's temple library in the River Nile Delta. The Middle and Upper Egyptian Pharaohs did not control this part of the Delta; which is why they are left out of Manetho's king-list.
Names
By the Middle Kingdom, Egyptian kings each had five different names. These were the "Horus" name; the "Two Ladies" name; the "Gold Horus" name; the praenomen or "throne name"; and a nomen, the personal name given at birth (also called a "Son of Ra" name as it was preceded by Sa Re'). Some Pharaohs also had more than one of these names. For example, Ramesses II used six Horus names at various times.  We do not know if Manetho knew about the different names of rulers long past. Not all the different names for each king have been discovered, and it maybe that the kings were known by other names as well as the official names. Because Manetho translated the names into Greek, we do not know the original Egyptian name.
Content
Volume 1 begins from the earliest times. It lists gods and demigods as kings of Egypt. Stories of Isis, Osiris, Set, or Horus might have been found here. The book then lists kings from the First Dynasty I to the Eleventh Dynasty. This would have included the Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate Period, and the early Middle Kingdom.

Volume 2 covers Twelfth Dynasty to the Nineteenth. This includes the end of the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period (XV–XVII—the Hyksos invasion), and the start of the New Kingdom. Josephus believed the Hyksos or "shepherd-kings" were the ancient Israelites who made their way out of Egypt (Apion 1.82–92).

Volume 3 starts with  the Twentieth Dynasty and ends with the Thirtieth.
Effect of Aegyptiaca
Egyptologists still use Manetho's way of grouping the pharaohs into dynasties. The French explorer and Egyptologist, Jean-François Champollion, had a copy of Manetho's lists to help him read the hieroglyphs. Modern histories now use both the modern translation of names and Manetho's version.

References
Further reading
Helck, Hans Wolfgang. 1975. "Manethon (1)". In Der kleine Pauly: Lexikon der Antike, auf der Grundlage von Pauly’s Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, edited by Konrat Ziegler, Walter Sontheimer, and Hans Gärtner. Vol. 3. München: Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag. 952–953. .
Laqueur, Richard. 1928. "Manethon". In Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, edited by August Friedrich von Pauly, Georg Wissowa, and Wilhelm Kroll. Vol. 14 of 24 vols. Stuttgart: Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag. 1060–1106. .
M.A. Leahy. 1990. "Libya and Egypt c1300–750 BC." London: School of Oriental and African Studies, Centre of Near and Middle Eastern Studies, and The Society for Libyan Studies.
Redford, Donald Bruce. 1986a. "The Name Manetho". In Egyptological Studies in Honor of Richard A. Parker Presented on the Occasion of His 78th Birthday, December 10, 1983, edited by Leonard H. Lesko. Hannover and London: University Press of New England. 118–121. .
———. 1986b. Pharaonic King–Lists, Annals and Day–Books: A Contribution to the Study of the Egyptian Sense of History. Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities Publications 4, ser. ed. Loretta M. James. Mississauga: Benben Publications. .
———. 2001. "Manetho". In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, edited by Donald Bruce Redford. Vol. 2 of 3 vols. Oxford, New York, and Cairo: Oxford University Press and The American University in Cairo Press. 336–337. .
Thissen, Heinz-Josef. 1980. "Manetho". In Lexikon der Ägyptologie, edited by Hans Wolfgang Helck, and Wolfhart Westendorf. Vol. 3 of 7 vols. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. 1180–1181. .
Verbrugghe, Gerald P., and John Moore Wickersham. 1996. Berossos and Manetho, Introduced and Translated: Native Traditions in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. .
Waddell, William Gillian, ed. 1940. Manetho. The Loeb Classical Library 350, ser. ed. George P. Goold. London and Cambridge: William Heinemann ltd. and Harvard University Press. .
Other websites

Chronologie de Manéthon  showing the names given by Manetho and the names used now
Manetho: History of Egypt, Sacred Book, etc.
Who's Who in Ancient Egypt: Manetho
"The First Egyptian Narrative History: Manetho and Greek  Historiography", ZPE 127 (1999), pp.93-116 by J. Dillery

Historians
Egyptian writers
Priests
Ancient Egyptians
3rd-century BC births
1st millennium BC in Egypt
Ancient writers
Ancient Egyptian literature
Chapakot is a municipality in the southeastern part of Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. It is in the western region of Nepal. On 18 May 2014, the new municipality was formed by merging three existing villages. These were Ratnapur, Kuwakot and Chapakot. The office of the new municipality is the former Chapakot village development committee (VDC).

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Chapakot village had a population of 4,702. It had 1087 individual households. But now the total population is 12,742.  There are now 2,902 individual households. It is on a plain surrounded by hills. To the east of Chapakot was Ratnapur VDC. To the west was Kuwakot VDC. The Kali Gandaki divides it from Palpa District to the south.  To the north is Keware Bhanjyang.

References

Other websites
Chapakot Municipality

Municipalities of Nepal
The Next Step is a TV Program about a dance studio. It is filmed in Canada.

References

Other websites 
 
 

2010s Canadian television series
2010s teen television series
English-language television programs
The black-headed parrot is Pionites melanocephalus. It lives in forests, most often in humid places, and nearby wooded habitats. They are known as 'caiques'.

The bird is widespread in South America, and has two subspecies which are very similar. It lives north of the Amazon River and west of the Ucayali River in Brazil, northern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is quite common and lives in many protected areas.

They are usually in pairs or small noisy groups of 10 to 30. They eat flowers, fruit, and seeds and possibly insects. Males and females look the same: they have identical plumage.

References 

True parrots
Birds of South America
Oliver George Wallace (August 6, 1887 – September 15, 1963) was an English-born American composer and conductor. He scored 139 animated short movies for Walt Disney Studios. He also wrote scores for several Disney documentaries, and feature movies. Wallace worked for Disney studios for 27 years. He died in a Burbank, California hospital on September, 15, 1963. 

In 1941 Wallace won an Oscar for scoring the music for the animated movie Dumbo. In 2008 he was honored with a Disney Legends award.

Influences 
Wallace stated composers like Claude Debussy, Richard Wagner, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Max Steiner, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Richard Strauss, Thomas Tallis, Hamilton Harty, Jan Kubelík and Carl Nielsen as influences.

References

Other websites
 

1887 births
1963 deaths
English composers
Movie score composers
Musicians from London
Disney people
Vaginal flora or microbiota are tiny microorganisms that are part of the healthy reproductive organs in a woman. Humans have many very small organisms that are a normal part of the human body.  These microorgansims can only be seen with a microscope.  These organisms are bacteria and fungi.  Almost all of them do not cause sickness, but it is still normal to have them inside or outside the body.  

These small microorganisms are called microbiota by researchers.  There are microbiota in the stomach, the skin, the mouth, the eyes, and microbiota in the vagina.  The microbiota in humans help to stop infections caused by other bacteria.  Vaginal microbiota help keep the vagina healthy. They help prevent infection caused other bacteria.  Bacteria that cause sickness or infection are called pathogens. The normal vaginal microbiota stop pathogens from growing.