Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1–2 months during the dry season (without rains). Most leaves fall in December, at the start of the dry season. In late February, leaves start to appear and produce a fresh, thick crown by April.

Flowers are hermaphrodite; the pollination is by insects like bees.

The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod) with the shape of a human ear.

Where it grows
The guanacaste tree is native to tropical America. It grows from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is found also in the West Indies. It has been introduced in other tropical regions.

It grows normally at an elevation from sea level to , usually along the coast and rivers.

Uses
The wood is reddish-brown, lightweight and water-resistant; it is used to make objects like doors, windows, furniture, cabinets, and for shipbuilding. It is used also as firewood.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Enterolobium cyclocarpum in Encyclopedia of Life
Mimosoideae
Trees
National symbols of Costa Rica
Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American businessman and the 69th United States Secretary of State. He served from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. He was the chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the fifth largest company by market capitalization until his resignation in 2017.

In December 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tillerson to be the Secretary of State. The United States Senate approved of his nomination on February 1, 2017 and shortly assumed the office. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and said he would nominate Mike Pompeo to succeed him as Secretary of State. Tillerson's term officially ended on March 31, 2018.

Early life
Tillerson was born on March 23, 1952, in Wichita Falls, Texas. Tillerson received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975.
Business career
Tillerson joined Exxon in 1975, and by 1989 had become general manager of the Exxon USA central production division. In 1995 he became president of Exxon Yemen Inc. and Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. In 2006, Tillerson was elected chairman and chief executive officer of Exxon, the world's 6th largest company by revenue. Tillerson retired from Exxon effective December 31, 2016, and was succeeded by Darren Woods. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He resigned his position from Exxon to pursue his nomination of United States Secretary of State.
United States Secretary of State
On the evening of December 10, the BBC cited NBC reports that "sources close to Mr Trump [were] ... saying that Mr Tillerson is likely to be named next week" and that former UN ambassador John Bolton "will serve as his deputy". On December 12, The New York Times reported that he had been chosen. On December 13, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Tillerson would be his nominee for Secretary of State.

On January 11, 2017, Tillerson's congressional confirmation hearing was held. Tillerson was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 23, 2017, to be Secretary of State when it voted 11-10 to send his nomination to the full Senate. The Senate confirmed Tillerson as Secretary of State on February 1 2017.  The Senate voted 56 to 43, with all Republicans in support and 42 Democrats voting against him.
On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson as Secretary and nominated Director of the CIA Mike Pompeo of the position. His term ended on March 31, 2018.

Personal life
Tillerson is married to Renda St. Clair. They have four children. He resides in Irving, Texas.

References

Other websites

 
 Rolling Stone on “The Climate Killers: 17 polluters and deniers who are derailing efforts to curb the climate catastrophe.”
 

1952 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Texas
Politicians from Texas
United States Secretaries of State
Republican Party (United States) politicians
21st-century American politicians
People from Irving, Texas
John Francis Kelly (born May 11, 1950) is a retired United States Marine Corps General. He was the 28th White House Chief of Staff from July 31, 2017 to January 2, 2019. Kelly was the 5th United States Secretary of Homeland Security, serving from January through July 2017.

He is the former Commander of United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM). Kelly last served as the commanding general of the Multi-National Force—West in Iraq from February 2008 to February 2009, and as the commander of Marine Forces Reserve and Marine Forces North in October 2009.

Early life
Kelly was born on May 11, 1950 in Boston, Massachusetts, into an Irish Catholic family.

He served for one year as a United States Merchant Marine. Kelly initially enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1970, and was discharged from active duty as a sergeant in 1972.

Kelly received a Master of Science degree in National Security Studies from the Georgetown School of Foreign Service in 1984. He also studied at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.
United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2017)
On December 7, 2016, it was reported that then-President-elect Donald Trump nominated Kelly to be the fifth United States Secretary of Homeland Security.

On January 20, 2017, Kelly was confirmed as Secretary of Homeland Security by the United States Senate with a vote of 88-11. On that evening he was sworn in by Vice-President Pence.

White House Chief of Staff (2017–2019)
On July 28 2017, he was appointed to replace Reince Priebus as White House Chief of Staff.

Early into his tenure, media outlets such as The New York Times, The Washington Post and FiveThirtyEight speculated that Kelly would bring moderation and discipline to the White House. In August 2017, early into Kelly's tenure, the Washington Post wrote that Kelly had "left no discernible imprint on the White House's philosophy" and that it was unclear if he would bring calm and rigor to the White House.
On December 8, 2018, Trump announced that Kelly would be leaving the position by the end of the year. He left the office on January 2, 2019.

Personal life
Kelly is married to Karen Hernest. They have three children.

In 2010, Kelly’s 29-year-old son, First Lieutenant Robert Kelly, was killed in action when he stepped on a landmine while leading a platoon of Marines on a patrol in Sangin, Afghanistan. Robert Kelly's death made John Kelly the highest-ranking military officer to lose a son or daughter in Iraq or Afghanistan.

References

Other websites

1950 births
Living people
Military people from Massachusetts
White House Chiefs of Staff
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
Politicians from Boston
Independent politicians in the United States
United States Marine Corps personnel
Edward Scott Pruitt (born May 9, 1968) is an American lawyer and Republican politician from the state of Oklahoma.  Scott was the 14th Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from February 17, 2017 until his resignation on July 6, 2018. He was the Oklahoma Attorney General serving from 2011 through 2017. Pruitt was a State Senator, representing Tulsa and Wagoner counties from 1998 until 2006.  

On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump selected Pruitt to be his nominee as the next Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. On February 17, 2017, the Senate confirmed Pruitt's nomination, by a vote of 52-46. While critics, such as Senator Bernie Sanders, described him as a climate change denier, he believes that the climate is changing and human activity is responsible to climate change.

Pruitt ran for the United States Senate in the 2022 special election to replace Senator Jim Inhofe.
Early life
Pruitt was born in 1968 in Danville, Kentucky, but moved to Lexington, Kentucky when he was young. He studied at Georgetown College earning his Bachelor of Arts degree and at the University of Tulsa earning his Juris Doctor degree.

Early political career
Pruitt represented Tulsa and Wagoner Counties in the Oklahoma Senate from 1998 until 2006. In 2006, Pruitt launched an unsuccessful campaign to receive the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma.

Attorney General of Oklahoma (2011–2017)
In 2010 Pruitt was elected Attorney General of Oklahoma. In that role, he supported religious freedom laws and fought against abortion rights, same-sex marriage, the Affordable Care Act, and environmental regulations as a self-described "leading advocate against the EPA’s activist agenda".

On September 9, 2014, in Pruitt v. Burwell, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma ruled against the IRS.
On December 7, 2014, The New York Times published a front-page story highlighting that Pruitt had used his office's stationery to send form letters written by energy industry lobbyists to federal agencies during public comment.

In April 2015, Pruitt wrote a letter to school superintendents stating that schools can lawfully allow the dissemination of religious literature on campus.

In May 2016, Attorneys General Pruitt and Luther Strange authored an op-ed in the National Review criticizing other state attorneys general for "acting like George III" regarding the ExxonMobil climate change controversy, writing "global warming has inspired one of the major policy debates of our time. That debate is far from settled. Scientists continue to disagree about the degree and extent of global warming and its connection to the actions of mankind."
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (2017 – 2018)
On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his plans to nominate Pruitt as the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. The nomination was reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Environment and Public Works Committee. He then passed to the full Senate for a vote. On February 17, 2017, the United States senate confirmed his nomination with a 52-46 vote. He was sworn-in the next day by Vice President Mike Pence.

During his tenure, Pruitt was accused of corruption for misusing the EPA's money for his personal gain. Many Senators and other politicians called for Pruitt's resignation.

Under fire since his appointment, Pruitt resigned on July 5, 2018, leaving Andrew R. Wheeler as the acting head of the agency.
2022 U.S. Senate election
In April 2022, Pruitt announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate in the special election to replace retiring Senator Jim Inhofe. He lost the Republican nomination in the first round of voting in June 2022.

Personal life
Pruitt married Marlyn Pruitt in 1992. They have two children.

References

Other websites

Scott Pruitt campaign website 

1968 births
Living people
Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Lawyers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Politicians from Kentucky
Politicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Republican Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Kentucky
Linda Marie McMahon (née Edwards; born October 4, 1948) is an American professional wrestling magnate and politician. She is the 25th Administrator of the Small Business Administration serving from February 14, 2017 to April 12, 2019. McMahon was active with the WWE (WWF until 2002) from 1980 to 2009. She has been married to Vince McMahon since 1966.

Early life
McMahon was born Linda Marie Edwards in New Bern, North Carolina, the daughter of Evelyn and Henry Edwards. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from East Carolina University.

WWE business career

McMahon was active with the WWE from 1980 to 2009. During this time, the company grew from a small regional business in the North East to a large multinational corporation.
As President and later CEO of the company, she created the company's civic programs, Get REAL and Smackdown Your Vote. She occasionally made on-screen appearances, most notably in a wrestling "feud" with her husband which climaxed at WrestleMania X-Seven. McMahon and her husband became wealthy through WWE's success, and the McMahon family name is now synonymous with the professional wrestling industry.

United States senate campaigns
In 2009, McMahon left the WWE to run as a Republican for a seat in the United States Senate from Connecticut, but lost to Democratic Party nominee Richard Blumenthal in the general election of 2010.

McMahon was the Republican nominee for Connecticut's other Senate seat in the 2012 race, but lost to Democratic Representative Chris Murphy.
Administrator of the Small Business Administration (2017 – 2019)
On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate McMahon to be the Administrator of the Small Business Administration when he takes office. McMahon was confirmed by the full Senate on February 14, 2017, with a vote of 81-19.

On March 29, 2019, it was officially made public by the Trump administration that McMahon would be stepping down as the Administrator of the Small Business Administration. The resignation took effect on April 12, 2019.
On April 15, 2019, McMahon was officially named Chairman of America First Action, a pro-Trump Super PAC.

Personal life
McMahon married Vince McMahon in 1966. Together they had two children: Shane and Stephanie. McMahon is a Roman Catholic.

References

Other websites

 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2010)
 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2012)
 
 
 East Carolina University Alumni Profile
1948 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Administrators of the Small Business Administration
Politicians from North Carolina
Politicians from Connecticut
Republican Party (United States) politicians
The Hajibeyov Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra (Azeri: Hacıbəyov adına Azərbaycan Dövlət Simfonik Orkestri) was formed in 1920, at the request of composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov after whom it was later named. It was one of the first orchestras in the Soviet Union. It is part of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society.

Composers such as Rhené-Baton and Otto Klemperer were invited from abroad to help in establishing and training the orchestra. From 1938 to 1984, Hajibeyov's nephew Niyazi was conducting the orchestra. After his death, the conducting has been performed by "People's Artist" of Azerbaijan, Professor Rauf Abdullayev. The orchestra has toured a number of countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Turkey, and Egypt.

Main conductors 
 Uzeyir Hajibeyov (1920–1938)
 Niyazi Hajibeyov (1938–1984)
 Rauf Abdullayev (1984– )

References

Orchestras
Baku
1920 establishments in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani music
Diana Lynn  (July 5, 1926 – December 18, 1971) was an American actress of the stage, cinema and television.

Early years 
Lynn was born Dolores Marie Loehr on July 5, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Her father, Louis Loehr, was an oil supply executive. Her mother, Martha Loehr, was a concert pianist. She was considered a child prodigy. She began taking piano lessons when she was 4 years old, and by the age of 12, she played with the Los Angeles Junior Symphony Orchestra.

Career 
In 1939, she made her movie debut playing the piano in They Shall Have Music. She played again, with Susanna Foster, in There's Magic in Music, when it was decided that she had more potential than she had been allowed to show. Later, Paramount Pictures changed her name to "Diana Lynn". They began casting her in movies that allowed her to show her personality and developed her skills as an actress.

As a solo pianist, she released at least one single on Capitol Records, accompanied by the Paul Weston orchestra.
In 1964, Lynn had a six-month stint on Broadway, replacing Barbara Bel Geddes in Mary, Mary. In the early 1950s, she starred with Maurice Evans in The Wild Duck on Broadway.

Death 
Before filming started on Play It as It Lays, Lynn suffered a stroke and died on December 18, 1971. She was 45.

Filmography
Filmography 

They Shall Have Music (1939)
The Hard-Boiled Canary (1941)
The Major and the Minor (1942)
Henry Aldrich Gets Glamour (1942)
Henry Aldrich Plays Cupid (1944)
The Miracle of Morgan's Creek (1944)
Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (1944)
And the Angels Sing (1944)
Out of This World (1945)
The Bride Wore Boots (1946)
Our Hearts Were Growing Up (1946)
Easy Come, Easy Go (1947)
Ruthless (1948)
Texas, Brooklyn and Heaven (1948)
Every Girl Should Be Married (1948)
My Friend Irma (1949)
Paid in Full (1950)
Peggy (1950)
My Friend Irma Goes West (1950)
Rogues of Sherwood Forest (1950)
The People Against O'Hara (1951)
Bedtime for Bonzo (1951)
Meet Me at the Fair (1952)
Plunder of the Sun (1953)
Track of the Cat (1954)
The Kentuckian (1955)
The Blue and Gold|An Annapolis Story (1955)
You're Never Too Young (1955)
Company of Killers (1970)

Radio appearances

References 

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from stroke
1926 births
1971 deaths
Jason Kander (born May 4, 1981) is an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician. He was elected Secretary of State of Missouri in 2012, serving from January 2013 through January 9, 2017. He served as a state representative before becoming secretary of state. He was an intelligence officer in the Army National Guard, achieving the rank of Captain.

Career 
He was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate, losing the 2016 Senate election to Republican incumbent Roy Blunt.

On June 25, 2018, Kander announced that he will run for mayor of Kansas City in 2019 to replace term-limited incumbent Sly James. He dropped out on October 2, 2018, after revealing that he suffered from PTSD and depression.

References

1981 births
Living people
Politicians from Kansas
Politicians from Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
People from Overland Park, Kansas
John Neely Kennedy (born November 21, 1951) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Louisiana. Before becoming a senator, he was the State Treasurer of Louisiana. He is a member of the Republican Party. 

He served five terms as Treasurer of Louisiana. He took office in the United States Senate on January 3, 2017, after defeating Democratic candidate Foster Campbell in the Senate election runoff by over 21 percentage points.

References

1951 births
Living people
United States senators from Louisiana
Politicians from Mississippi
Republican Party (United States) politicians
The Sun of May (el sol de mayo) is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay. It is a reference to the May revolution in Argentina, which led to that country's later independence from Spanish rule. In Uruguay it also refers to the May revolution. On 25 May 1810, the sun came out in Buenos Aires during a public gathering. This was seen as a good omen for the future success of the independence struggle.<ref name=uruflg/z>

References 

National symbols of Argentina

National symbols of Uruguay
Peter van Straaten (25 March 1935 – 8 December 2016) was a Dutch cartoonist and comics artist. He was best known for his political cartoons as well as his satirical observations of everyday people. He also had a newspaper comic strip Vader & Zoon, which ran in Het Parool for almost two decades.

Van Straaten announced his retirement on 2 August 2016. He died four months later on 8 December in Amsterdam, at the age of 81.

References

1935 births
2016 deaths
Cartoonists
Comics artists
Dutch artists
People from Amsterdam
People from Arnhem
Writers from Gelderland
Alan Willis Thicke (born Alan Willis Jeffery; March 1, 1947 – December 13, 2016) was a Canadian actor, songwriter, and game and talk show host. He was known for his role as Jason Seaver, the father on the ABC television series Growing Pains. 

He was the father of singer Robin Thicke.

Thicke died at his home in Burbank, California on December 13, 2016 from a sudden Aortic dissection, aged 69.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Alan Thicke in NNDB
 Alan Thicke in biography.com 

1947 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Ontario
Canadian movie actors
Canadian songwriters
Canadian television actors
Canadian television presenters
Deaths from aortic dissection
Writers from Ontario
The Jewish Diaspora was a time formally described as" the scattering of the Jews." A time after the Babylonian captivity when Jews settled in different places, eventually settling together.

Jewish history
Migration
Shirley Hazzard (30 January 1931 – 12 December 2016) was an Australian-born American author of fiction and non-fiction. She was born in Australia, but held citizenship of the United States. Her 1970 novel, The Bay of Noon, was shortlisted for the Lost Man Booker Prize in 2010
and her 2003 novel The Great Fire won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.

Hazzard died in New York City on 12 December 2016 from complications of dementia, aged 85.

References

1931 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Sydney
O. Henry Award winners
Frederick Wiseman (born January 1, 1930) is an American filmmaker, documentarian, and theatrical director.

In 2016, he was a recipient of an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

References

Other websites

Frederick Wiseman Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
Zipporah Films Official distributor of Wiseman's work
Frederick Wiseman on Reality and film  – Statement at La clé des langues
A Discussion with Frederick Wiseman and Robert Kramer – Documentary Box
Interview with Frederick Wiseman for Slant Magazine by Budd Wilkins
Interview with Wiseman at Not Coming to a Theater Near You
Frederick Wiseman receives an Honorary Oscar Award at the 2016 Governors Awards

1930 births
Living people
American movie directors
American historians
Writers from Boston
Anne Voase Coates (12 December 1925 – 8 May 2018) was a British movie editor with a more than 60-year-long career. She was best known as the editor of David Lean's epic movie Lawrence of Arabia in 1962.

Personal life
Coates was born in Surrey, England. She studied at Bartrum Gables College. Coates worked as a nurse in East Grinstead. She was married to Douglas Hickox until his death in 1988. Together, they had two sons and one daughter.

Awards
Coates has been nominated five times for the Academy Award for Film Editing for the movies Lawrence of Arabia, Becket (1963), The Elephant Man (1980), In the Line of Fire (1993), and Out of Sight (1998). She was awarded BAFTA's highest honour, a BAFTA Fellowship, in February 2007 and was given an Academy Honorary Award, which are popularly known as a Lifetime Achievement Oscar, in November 2016 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Death
Coates died on 8 May 2018, at a retirement center in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California.

References
References

Other websites
  Anne V. Coates credits – AMCTV.com Biography
 

Academy Award Honorary Award winners
BAFTA Award winners
1925 births
2018 deaths
British movie editors
People from Surrey
David Robert Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort (23 February 1928 – 16 August 2017), known as Mr David Somerset until 1984, was a British peer. He served as a member of the House of Lords from 5 February 1984 to 11 November 1999. He was President of the British Horse Society between 1988 and 1990, and was chairman of Marlborough Fine Art.

Somerset died on 16 August 2017 at his home in Badminton, Gloucestershire, South West England at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

 David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort
genealogics.org

1928 births
2017 deaths
People from Gloucestershire
British billionaires
Lester Lionel Wolff (January 4, 1919 – May 11, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. He served as a representative from 1973 through 1981.

He was president of the International Trade and Development Agency. In 2014, Wolff received the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.

Wolff was also the chair of the Touro College Pacific Community Institute, the author of numerous books on foreign policy, and the host of weekly PBS show Ask Congress.

Wolff died on May 11, 2021 at a hospital in Syosset, New York at the age of 102.

References

Notes
 

1919 births
2021 deaths
American centenarians
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from New York City
United States representatives from New York (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the 22nd edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 30 July. The medal finals were on 11 August. All games were played at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom.

Defending champions Germany won the gold medal for the fourth time. They defeated the Netherlands 2–1 in the final. Australia won the bronze medal by defeating Great Britain 3–1.

Teams 
  (Host)

First round

Pool A

Pool B

Medal round

Statistics

Team rankings

Other websites 
 Results on olympic.org

2012 Summer Olympics
Field hockey
Fisher-Price is an American company. It produces toys for children. Since 1992, the company has been owned by Mattel.

The company was founded in 1930.

The company has produced toys including Barney & Friends related products, Dora the Explorer products and some Disney, Muppets and Sesame Street products.

References

Companies based in New York (state)
1930 establishments in the United States
Toy companies
Manufacturing companies of the United States‎
Matchbox is a toy brand which got started in 1953. It is now owned by Mattel. The toys were sold in boxes similar to those in which matches were sold.

The brand made various toys, like action figures and toy vehicles such as model cars.

In May 1992, the company was sold to Tyco Toys. Five years later, Tyco was sold to Mattel. Matchbox was originally a competitor to Hot Wheels.

Toys
1930 establishments in the United States
A die-cast toy is any toy produced by the process of die casting. The toys are made of metal with plastic, glass and rubber details. The most common die-cast toys are scale models of vehicles, aircraft and trains. Hot Wheels toys are an example of die-cast cars. Early die-cast toys were made of lead. Modern toys are made of Zamak which is an alloy of zinc, aluminium, magnesium, and copper.

References

Other websites 
 The Making Of AUTOart 1:18 Lamborghini Aventador; YouTube 

Toys
Vodun (meaning spirit in the Fon and Ewe languages,  with a nasal high-tone u; also spelled Vodon, Vodoun, Vodou, Voudou, Voodoo, etc.) is practiced by the Ewe people of eastern and southern Ghana, and southern and central Togo; and the Kabye people, Mina people, and Fon people of southern and central Togo, southern and central Benin. It is also practiced by some Gun people of Lagos and Ogun in southwest Nigeria. All the which belong to Gbe speaking ethnic groups of West Africa, except the Kabye. 

It is different from the African traditional religions in the middle of these countries and is the main source of religions with similar names found among the African Diaspora in the New World such as Haitian Vodou; Puerto Rican Vodú; Cuban Vodú; Dominican Vudú; Brazilian Vodum; and Louisiana Voodoo. All of these closely related faiths are syncretized with Christianity to various degrees and with the traditional beliefs of the Kongo people and Indigenous American traditions.

References

Vodun
Voodoo
Caaguazú () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-05.

History
In 1712, Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza founded the town of Villa de San Isidro Labrador de Curuguaty, followed by Ybytimí in 1715, San Joaquín in 1746, and Carayaó in 1770.

The department was created in 1906 with the name of Yhú; the town of Yhú was named as the capital of the department. Other towns were Ajos (present day Coronel Oviedo), Carayaó, San Joaquín and Caaguazú. Upon territorial reorganization in 1945, it was given the name of Caaguazú.

Its present limits were defined in 1973.

Geography
The Caaguazú department is in middle of the Oriental region. It has an area of ,  of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 484,177 for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

The Caaguazú mountain range crosses the department from the north to the south. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay.
Limits
 To the north: San Pedro and Canindeyú departments.
 To the east: Alto Paraná department.
 To the south: Guairá and Caazapá departments.
 To the west: Cordillera and Paraguarí departments.

Climate
, the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Coronel Oviedo was . The month with the most precipitation was April with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .

The average temperature for the year 2012 in Coronel Oviedo was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

Districts
The department is divided in 22 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Portal de Caaguazú 
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay

Departments of Paraguay
Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Gabriel Pereira de Castro. It was published by author's brother Luís Pereira de Castro in 1636. The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). The stanza is rhymed abababcc. The poem is about discovery of Portugal by Ulysses.

As Armas e o varão que os mal seguros
Campos cortou do Egeu e do Oceano,
Que por perigos e trabalhos duros
Eternizou seu nome soberano:
A grã Lisboa e seus primeiros muros
(De Europa e largo Império Lusitano
Alta cabeça), se eu pudesse tanto,
À Pátria, ao mundo, à Eternidade canto.

References

Bibliografia 
  Ulysséa ou Lisboa Edificada. Poema Heroico de Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Lisboa 1827.

Other websites 
 Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada at Projecto Vercial.

Epic poems
Portuguese poems
17th-century books
1630s works
The combined gas law is a formula about ideal gases. It comes from putting together three different laws about the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas. They explain what happens to two of the values of that gas while the third stays the same. The three laws are:
 Charles's law, which says that volume and temperature are directly proportional to each other as long as pressure stays the same.
 Boyle's law says that pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at the same temperature.
 Gay-Lussac's law says that temperature and pressure are directly proportional as long as the volume stays the same.
The combined gas law shows how the three variables are related to each other. It says that:

The formula of the combined gas law is:

where:

 is the pressure
 is the volume
 is the temperature measured in kelvin
 is a constant (with units of energy divided by temperature).

To compare the same gas with two of these cases, the law can be written as:
By adding Avogadro's law to the combined gas law, we get what is called the ideal gas law.

Derivation from the gas laws

Boyle's Law states that the pressure-volume product is constant:

Charles's Law shows that the volume is proportional to the absolute temperature:

Gay-Lussac's Law says that the pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature:

where P is the pressure, V the volume and T the absolute temperature of an ideal gas.

By combining (1) and either of (2) or (3), we can gain a new equation with P, V and T. If we divide equation (1) by temperature and multiply equation (2) by pressure we will get:

.
As the left-hand side of both equations is the same, we arrive at
,
which means that
.

Substituting in Avogadro's Law yields the ideal gas equation.
Applications
The combined gas law can be used to explain the mechanics where pressure, temperature, and volume are affected. For example: air conditioners, refrigerators and the formation of clouds and also use in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.

Related pages
 Dalton's law

References

Sources
 Raff, Lionel. Principles of Physical Chemistry. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall 2001
 Rankcom, Jamie. Massive scientisty person

Other websites
 Interactive Java applet on the combined gas law  by Wolfgang Bauer

Gases
Physical chemistry
Temperature
Kevin Shinick (19 March, 1969, Merrick, New York) is a voice actor, screenwriter and producer. He won an Emmy Award in 2010 for Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program for Robot Chicken. Shenick is the creator, voice actor and producer of the comedy series Mad (TV series). He was also a writer for Robot Chicken.

References 

Actors from New York (state)
American voice actors
American television producers
American television writers
1969 births
Living people
Sir Simon William "Bill" English (born 30 December 1961) is a New Zealand politician. He was the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand  from 2016 to 2017 and the leader of the National Party. He was previously Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2016.

At the 2017 general election, National won the largest share of the party vote (44.4%) and the largest number of seats (56) in the House Representatives.

However, National lacked enough seats to govern alone due to two of the party's support partners, the Māori Party and United Future, losing their parliamentary seats. In response, English announced that the party would be entering into talks to form a coalition with New Zealand First. However, on 19 October 2017, Jacinda Ardern became the next Prime Minister after Winston Peters announced he would enter a coalition government with Labour.

References

Other websites

 Bill English MP  official site
 Profile at National party
 Profile  on Parliamentary website
1961 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
Big data is a term used for certain database systems. It is used for a number of technologies which help to organize, gather and analyse data. 

At least some of the following characteristics apply:
 There are huge amounts of data

 The data changes very often

 It is difficult to structure the data so that it can be used easily

Use 
Big data is used to analyse different subjects. Through the analysis, new information can be gained. Bigger amounts of data make it easier to find reliable information. It is used in many different areas, such as government, health care, insurance, media, advertisement and information technology.

Origin 
The data is gathered among other things through:
Surveillance
 the use of credit cards
 Electronic Communication (for example E-mail and smartphones)
 Internet and social media (for example from using Google search or when visiting Facebook)
 Internet of things (objects that can connect to the internet, for example Amazon Alexa)
 governments and public authorities (for example tax data, census data)

Critique 
Big data has been criticised for different reasons. One prominent criticism is the increasing surveillance to gather data, which takes place in many new forms. Edward Snowden has revealed how the American National Security Agency (NSA) uses digital technology to spy on people around the world. Another prominent criticisms is data privacy, which is about the risk of sensitive personal data leaking because it is not protected well enough.
A more fundamental critique of big data is just because it is bigger, it is not automatically better. The quality of the data still has to be controlled. It also says that data analysis can only ask "what" is happening, but not "why" it is happening.

References 

Databases
Data science
Privacy
The European Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for the women's national handball teams of Europe. It takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament is also a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship.

As of December 2014, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (six times), Denmark (three times), Hungary and Montenegro (once). Denmark has hosted the most European Championships for three times, in 2010 Denmark was co-host with Norway.

Summary

Medal count

Handball
Sport in Europe
1994 establishments in Europe
Tirunallar Dharbaranyeswarar Temple or Dharbaranyeswarar Temple is a famous Hindu temple that is dedicated to Lord Shani or Lord Saturn. It is located in Thirunallar of Karaikal district in Puducherry Union territory, India. Another name of this temple is Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The main deity of the temple is Lord Shiva (Lord Dharbaranyeshwarar).

The temple and its significance
The main deity Lord Shiva is said to be made with the "dharbha grass", from which the temple got its name of Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The temple also centers Lord Saniswaran or Lord Saturn as one of the main gods. The shrine of Thirunallar is famous for this lord. According to Hinduism, Lord Saniswaran resides in each rasi or zodiac sign for about two and half years. The temple is revered by hymns of the Shaiva poets like Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar. Therefore it is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam or the shrine which was revered by hymns of the poets.

Reference
Reference

Hindu temples
Temples in India
9th-century buildings and structures
Nagore is a town in the Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the important Islamic shrine in Tamil Nadu. Five centuries old Nagore Dargah is famous throughout the state.It attracts thousands of people daily. The total population of Nagore is 97,525. It is 12km away from Karaikal and 5 km away from district headquarters Nagapattinam.

The Nagore Kandhuri Festival is very famous throughout the region. The festival season in Nagore falls in the month of May.Nagore Dargah is famous because any religious people can gather in the religious site. It is the Common Religious Gathering Point of thousands of people visiting the place each day.

Nagore is also famous for sweets and fishes that are obtained from the coastal region of Nagore. The Nagore Railway station is one of the crowded railway station in that region, since thousands of devotees come through railway to the holy Dargah.

Reference

Nagapattinam district
Nellore is a city in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the banks of Penna River. It is the fourth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. The city is well known for agriculture and aquaculture.It is the headquarters of the Nellore district. The total population of the city is 600,869.Density is 4000/km2.

The name is said to be taken from Purana that depicts, a linga under the Nelli tree(Amla or Indian gooseberry). From then the place is called as Nelli-ooru then the name emerged as Nellore. It is said that the city existed since the Mauryan dynasty.

The main economy of the city is based on agriculture and aquaculture. The main productive is Shrimp culturing.The Nellore city is located near the coastal region of Bay of Bengal.

Reference

Cities in Andhra Pradesh
A protologism is a brand new word. Most people don't know about the word after its creation. Only a tiny group of people have ever used the word. Sometimes the coiner is the only person who has ever used the word. Sometimes people create protologisms because of a gap in the language.

Related pages
Neologism

References

Words
Riederalp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 November 2003, the former municipalities of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-Mörel merged into the new municipality of Riederalp.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Raron
Steg was a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Steg and Hohtenn merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.

Other websites
 Official Website  
 

Former municipalities of Valais
Tirupati is a city in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is a municipal corporation and headquarters of Tirupati revenue division and Tirupati mandal (taluk). As of the census of 2011, Tirupati is the 9th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh with the total population of 287,482. Population of the urban agglomeration of Tirupati is 459,985.

Tirupati has one of the most visited tourist attraction as well as religious shrine and the second richest temple in the world, the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. This temple is one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites. Because of this temple, Tirupati is considered as "the Spiritual  capital of Andhra Pradesh".
Tirupati is mainly world renowned for the holy temple as well as its prasadham, the Tirupati Laddu. The Tirupati Laddu is a famous naivedhyam or prasadham offered to devotees in the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple.The other attractions here are the Padmavathi Temple, Govindaraja Temple, Kapileshwara Temple, Kapila Theertham, and Sri Kodhandaramaswami Temple.The second largest zoo park in Asia is the Venkateshwara Zoological Park, which is located in Tirupati.

References

Cities in Andhra Pradesh
Chittoor is a city and district headquarters of the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division. Telugu is the widely spoken language in this region. The total population of Chittoor city was 353,766 as of the 2011 Census of India.

The total area of the city is .

The main attraction in this city is the Chandragiri Fort.

Nara Chandrababu Naidu was born in Chittoor. He is the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and the leader of the Telugu Desam Party.

Reference

Cities in Andhra Pradesh
Ajmer is a city in Rajasthan, India. Ajmer is the headquarters of the Ajmer district. The city was established as "Ajayameru" by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE. 

Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. Ajmer had been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY and Smart City Mission schemes of the Government of India.

Tourism 

The main tourist places here are the Ajmer Sharif, Taragarh Fort, Soniji Ki Nasiyan, Nareli Jain Temple and many attracts tourists. The Pushkar Lake is located 11km away from Ajmer.

References

Cities in Rajasthan
There are 3 arrondissements in the Aube department.

The arrondissements of Aube are:

History
Since its creation, the Aube department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Nogent-sur-Seine, Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Ervy and Troyes; the capital was Troyes.
 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Nogent-sur-Seine and Troyes.
 1926 : the arrondissements of Arcis-sur-Aube et Bar-sur-Seine were eliminated.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Aube
The arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube is an arrondissement of France, in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Bar-sur-Aube.

History
When the Aube department was created in 1800, the arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube is in the east of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east and southeast by the Haute-Marne department and to the southwest and west by the Troyes arrondissement.

The arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube is the smallest arrondissement of the department, with an area of , and it is also the arrondissement with fewest inhabitants (28,733 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube; they are:
Bar-sur-Aube (1003)
 Brienne-le-Château (1005)
 Vendeuvre-sur-Barse (1017)

Communes
The arrondissement of Aube has 104 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Ailleville (10002)
 Amance (10005)
 Arconville (10007)
 Argançon (10008)
 Arrembécourt (10010)
 Arrentières (10011)
 Arsonval (10012)
 Aulnay (10017)
 Bailly-le-Franc (10026)
 Balignicourt (10027)
 Bar-sur-Aube (10033)
 Baroville (10032)
 Bayel (10035)
 Bergères (10039)
 Blaincourt-sur-Aube (10046)
 Blignicourt (10047)
 Bligny (10048)
 Bossancourt (10050)
 Braux (10059)
 Brienne-la-Vieille (10063)
 Brienne-le-Château (10064)
 Bétignicourt (10044)
 Chalette-sur-Voire (10073)
 Champ-sur-Barse (10078)
 Champignol-lez-Mondeville (10076)
 Chaumesnil (10093)
 Chavanges (10094)
 Colombé-la-Fosse (10102)
 Colombé-le-Sec (10103)
 Courcelles-sur-Voire (10105)
 Couvignon (10113)
 Crespy-le-Neuf (10117)
 Dienville (10123)
 Dolancourt (10126)
 Donnement (10128)
 Éclance (10135)
 Engente (10137)
 Épagne (10138)
 Épothémont (10139)
 Fontaine (10150)
 Fravaux (10160)
 Fresnay (10161)
 Fuligny (10163)
 Hampigny (10171)
 Jasseines (10175)
 Jaucourt (10176)
 Jessains (10178)
 Joncreuil (10180)
 Juvancourt (10182)
Juvancourt (10182)
 Juvanzé (10183)
 Juzanvigny (10184)
 La Chaise (10072)
 La Loge-aux-Chèvres (10200)
 Lassicourt (10189)
 Lentilles (10192)
 Lesmont (10193)
 Lignol-le-Château (10197)
 Longchamp-sur-Aujon (10203)
 Lévigny (10194)
 Magnicourt (10214)
 Magny-Fouchard (10215)
 Maison-des-Champs (10217)
 Maisons-lès-Soulaines (10219)
 Maizières-lès-Brienne (10221)
 Mathaux (10228)
 Meurville (10242)
 Molins-sur-Aube (10243)
 Montier-en-l'Isle (10250)
 Montmorency-Beaufort (10253)
 Morvilliers (10258)
 Pars-lès-Chavanges (10279)
 Pel-et-Der (10283)
 Perthes-lès-Brienne (10285)
 Petit-Mesnil (10286)
 Proverville (10306)
 Précy-Notre-Dame (10303)
 Précy-Saint-Martin (10304)
 Radonvilliers (10313)
 Rances (10315)
 Rosnay-l'Hôpital (10326)
 La Rothière (10327)
 Rouvres-les-Vignes (10330)
 Saint-Christophe-Dodinicourt (10337)
 Saint-Léger-sous-Brienne (10345)
 Saint-Léger-sous-Margerie (10346)
 Saulcy (10366)
 Soulaines-Dhuys (10372)
 Spoy (10374)
 Thil (10377)
 Thors (10378)
 Trannes (10384)
 Unienville (10389)
Unienville (10389)
 Urville (10390)
 Vallentigny (10393)
 Vauchonvilliers (10397)
 Vendeuvre-sur-Barse (10401)
 Vernonvilliers (10403)
 La Ville-aux-Bois (10411)
 La Villeneuve-au-Chêne (10423)
 Ville-sous-la-Ferté (10426)
 Ville-sur-Terre (10428)
 Villeret (10424)
 Voigny (10440)
 Yèvres-le-Petit (10445)
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Aube department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Bar
The arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine is an arrondissement of France. It is in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Nogent-sur-Seine.

History
When the Aube department was created in 1800, the arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine is in the northwest of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east by the Troyes arrondissement, to the south by the Yonne department and to the west by the Seine-et-Marne department.

The arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine has an area of  and a population of 54,177 inhabitants.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine; they are:
Aix-en-Othe (1001) (partly)
 Creney-près-Troyes (1006) (partly)
 Nogent-sur-Seine (1007)
 Romilly-sur-Seine (1009)
 Saint-Lyé (1011) (partly)

Communes
The arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine has 80 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː