Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In 1828, he defeated John Quincy Adams in the Presidential Election of 1828, he became president on March 4, 1829, and four years later he was re-elected to a second term as president. In the Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833, South Carolina declared secession from the United States. Jackson threatened war, and then compromised.

In January 1835, Jackson was almost assassinated when an unemployed painter wanted to shoot him but both his guns jammed. He is the first president to have had an attempted assassination.

In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which allowed the U.S. government to violently force the Native Americans to move from their land and go west.  Many Native Americans were killed and the path they walked to get to the west was called the Trail of Tears.
Andrew Jackson was against the national bank of the United States because he felt that banks and their banknotes were for rich and powerful people and did not serve the interests of the common man. The national bank expired during Jackson's presidency. Jackson chose not to continue the bank.

On March 4, 1837, Andrew Jackson finished his second term. After that, vice-president Martin Van Buren was elected president and continued many of the things Jackson did. Jackson was a big influence on other Democrats during the 1800s.

Legacy 
Jackson's legacy among historians is mixed, going downhill, and heavily debated. Some have liked him because he was against aristocrats, bankers, businessmen, the British Empire, cities, and paper money, and in favor of ordinary country people. Some have disliked him for the same reasons and because he was in favor of war and against Indians.

References

Other websites 
 Jackson's White House biography
1767 births
1845 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
Deaths from heart failure
 
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Presidents of the United States
United States senators from Tennessee
United States representatives from Tennessee
Politicians from South Carolina
Military people from Tennessee
19th-century American politicians
18th-century American politicians
A pillow is a soft cushion that a person puts under their head when they are sleeping in a bed. 

A pillow is made from two pieces of cloth that are sewn together and stuffed with a soft material, such as feathers, duck down, or synthetic batting (man made soft stuffing). Pillows are usually rectangular. Pillows are covered with a fabric sheet called a pillowcase. The pillowcase protects the pillow from getting dirty.

The word pillow comes from Middle English pilwe, from Old English pyle (akin to Old High German pfuliwi) and from Latin pulvinus. The word pillow was first known to be used before the 12th century.
History 
There is no clear inventor of the pillow. Millions of years ago, animals learned to use pillows. An early example is monkeys resting their heads on their arm. Many animals, including birds, use wood and stone nests as pillows. Many domesticated animals have also learned to make use of human-made pillows and cushions. They also rest on members of their own and other species for the same reason.

Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt 
In ancient Mesopotamia, people slept on stone pillows. Pillows were a status symbol. Early pillows were rectangular and had grooves shaped for the head. Pillows showed the wealth of a person — the more a person owned the wealthier they were.

Anicent Egyptians used pillows as a solution to back, neck and shoulder pain. They also prevented insects from crawling in their hair, mouth or nose at night. Anicent Egyptian pillows were made out of wood and stone and looked like stands. These pillows were mostly used for the deceased.

References 

Home
A whaler is a person who hunts whales, or the boat they use.
They hunt whales for their oil, made from their fat, called blubber, and the meat. Today, there is a treaty which bans the hunt of some whale species. Most countries signed the treaty. A few countries still hunt whales for research purposes. Among those countries are Norway, Iceland and Japan.

Related pages
 Whaling

Boats
A crayon (or wax pastel) is a stick of pigmented wax used for writing or drawing. Wax crayons differ from pastels, in which the pigment is mixed with a dry binder such as gum arabic, and from oil pastels, where the binder is a mixture of wax and oil.

Crayons are available in a range of prices, and are easy to work with. They are less messy than most paints and markers, blunt (removing the risk of sharp points present when using a pencil or pen), typically non-toxic, and available in a wide variety of colors. These characteristics make them particularly good instruments for teaching small children to draw in addition to being used widely by student and professional artists.

Other websites

Art
Writing tools
Self-defence means fighting off something or another person to protect yourself and maybe others. Ways of self-defence include martial arts or using a weapon. Sometimes, self-defense can cause serious harm to the other person. In most nations, you cannot be prosecuted for this harm. In the United States, an act of self-defence can only count as self-defence if the victim is in a situation that can cause them serious injury or death. In international law all persons have the right to self-defence.

Defence of others 
The law of self-defence is the same when you protect others. Generally, you must have a good reason or belief that you needed to defend yourself in self-defence. However, in many places, if the court decides that the defence may have been too extreme, the person may face criminal and civil charges.

References

Other websites 
 No Nonsense Self Defense - Reliable information for dangerous situations Articles by Marc MacYoung

Survival skills
Up to 1900 
 238 – Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperors.
 1508 - Ferdinand II of Aragon commissions Amerigo Vespucci chief navigator of the Spanish Empire.
 1621 – The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags. 
 1622 – Jamestown massacre: Algonquian Native Americans kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia, a third of the colony's population. 
 1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony outlaws the possession of cards, dice, and gaming tables.
 1638 – Anne Hutchinson is expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious dissent.
 1713 - The Tuscacora War comes to an end with the fall of Fort Neoheroka, effectively opening up the interior of North Carolina to European colonization.
 1739 - Nadir Shah occupies Delhi and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne. 
 1765 – The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act, the first direct tax levied from England on the American colonies.
1784 - The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current location in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand. 
 1809 – Charles XIII succeeds Gustav IV Adolf to the Swedish throne. 
 1829 - The three protecting powers (United Kingdom, France, Russia) create the borders of Greece.
 1849 - The Austrians defeat the Piedmontese at the Battle of Novara.
 1871 – In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.
 1872 - Illinois becomes the first US state to require Sexual Equality in employment.
 1873 - A law is approved by the Spanish National Assembly in Puerto Rico to abolish slavery. 
 1884 - Ecuador introduces the Sucre as its national currency.
 1888 – The Football League is formed. 
 1894 – The first playoff game for the Stanley Cup starts. 
 1895 – First display (a private screening) of movies by Auguste and Louis Lumière.
1901  2000 
 1906 - The first England v France rugby union game is played at Parc des Princes in Paris.
 1912 - The Indian state of Bihar is formed out of the state of Bengal.
 1916 - The last Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne and the Republic of China is restored.
 1920 – Azeri and Turkish army soldiers with participation of Kurdish gangs attacked the Armenian inhabitants of Shushi (Nagorno Karabakh).
 1923 - Foster Hewitt makes the first radio broadcast of an ice hockey game.
 1933 - US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs into law a bill legalizing the sale of beer  and wine.
 1939 – World War II: Germany takes Memel from Lithuania.
 1941 – Washington's Grand Coulee Dam begins to generate electricity.
 1942 – World War II: In the Mediterranean Sea, Regia Marina defeats Royal Navy in the Second Battle of Sirte.
 1943 - World War II: The entire population of Khatyn, Belarus, is burned alive by German occupation forces.
1944 - World War II: A bombing raid on Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany, kills 1,001 people.
 1945 – The Arab League is founded when a charter is adopted in Cairo, Egypt. 
 1946 - The United Kingdom grants independence to Trans-Jordan.
 1954 – Closed since 1939, the London gold market reopens. 
 1958 – Faisal becomes King of Saudi Arabia.
 1960 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Townes receive the first patent for a laser. 
 1963 – Please Please Me becomes the first Beatles album released in the UK.
 1965 – Bob Dylan "goes electric," releasing his first album featuring electric instruments, Bringing It All Back Home.
 1972 - The United States Congress sends the Equal Rights Amendment to the states for ratification (meaning confirmation).
 1975 – A fire at the Brown's Ferry nuclear reactor in Decatur, Alabama, causes dangerous lowering of cooling water levels.
 1975 – In Stockholm, Sweden, Teach-In wins the twentieth Eurovision Song Contest for the Netherlands singing "Ding-a-dong."
1978 – Karl Wallenda of the Flying Wallendas dies after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico. 
1980 - Iraq invades Iran
 1982 - NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia is launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on its third mission, STS-3.
 1984 – Teachers at the McMartin preschool in Manhattan Beach, California, are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of the children in the school. The charges are later dropped as completely unfounded. 
 1989 – Fawn Hall, Oliver North's former secretary, begins two days of testimony at North's Iran-Contra trial in Washington.
 1992 - USAir Flight 405 crashes shortly after take-off from New York City's LaGuardia Airport, killing 27 people.
 1993 – Intel ships the first Pentium chips (80586), featuring a 60 MHz clock speed, 100+ MIPS, and a 64-bit data path. 
 1995 – Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in space.
1997 – Tara Lipinski, age 14 years and 10 months, becomes the youngest champion of the women's world figure skating competition.
 1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp has his closest approach to Earth.
From 2001 
 2003 - Protests take place worldwide against the Iraq War, which began two days earlier.
 2005 – Pat Summitt, coach of the University of Tennessee Lady Vols (women's college basketball), becomes the all-time leader in victories for both men's and women's college basketball, getting her 880th win as coach of the team.
 2006 - Basque separatist organization ETA announces a permanent ceasefire.
 2009 – The Mount Redoubt volcano in Alaska erupts.
 2012 - The Government of Mali is toppled in a military coup.
 2013 - Over 37 people are killed after a fire destroys  a camp containing Burmese refugees near Ban Mae, Thailand.
 2013 - American Rock band My Chemical Romance break up.
 2014 - Over 251 people are killed when a boat capsizes in Lake Albert in East Africa.
 2014 - 2014 Oso mudslide: A massive mudslide in Oso, Washington kills 43 people.
 2016 - 2016 Brussels bombings: Bomb attacks strike Brussels' International Airport and the Metro, killing at least 34 people.
Up to 1900 
 875 - William I, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 918)
 924 - Dinh Bo Linh, first Emperor of Vietnam (d. 979)
 1212 - Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan (d. 1235)
 1394 - Ulugh Beg, Timurid astronomer (d. 1449)
 1459 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1519)
 1503 - Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian writer (d. 1583)
 1517 - Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1590)
 1599 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641)
 1609 – John II Casimir of Poland (d. 1672)
 1720 - Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect (d. 1799)
 1728 - Anton Raphael Mengs, German painter (d. 1779)
 1759 - Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, Queen of Sweden and Norway (d. 1818)
 1785 - Adam Sedgwick, English geologist (d. 1873)
 1797 – Wilhelm I of Germany (d. 1888)
 1808 - David Swinson Maynard, American frontiersman and physician (d. 1873)
 1814 - Thomas Crawford, American sculptor (d. 1857)
 1817 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian prophet of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892)
1817 - Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (d. 1876)
 1818 - John Ainsworth Horrocks, English explorer of South Australia (d. 1846)
 1837 - Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione, Italian aristocrat (d. 1899)
 1842 - Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1912)
 1852 - Otakar Sevcik, Czech violinist and violin teacher (d. 1934)
 1857 – Paul Doumer, President of France (d. 1932)
 1860 - Alfred Ploetz, German physician (d. 1940)
 1868 – Robert Millikan, American physicist (d. 1953)
 1869 – Emilio Aguinaldo, first President of the Philippines (d. 1964)
 1878 - Marcel Théato, Luxembourgish-French runner (d. 1919)
 1880 - Ernie Quigley, Canadian-American sports official (d. 1960)
 1884 - Arthur Vandenberg, United States Senator for Michigan (d. 1961)
 1885 - Aryeh Levin, Lithuanian rabbi (d. 1969)
 1886 - August Rei, Estonian politician (d. 1963)
 1887 – Chico Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1961)
 1890 - Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin, German lawyer and politician (d. 1945)
1892 - Johannes Semper, Estonian writer, translator and politician (d. 1970)
 1896 - He Long, Chinese military leader (d. 1969)
 1896 - Joseph Schildkraut, Austrian-born American actor (d. 1964)
 1897 - Ferruccio Novo, Italian football manager (d. 1974)
 1899 - Ruth Page, American ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1991)
1901  1950 
 1902 – Madeleine Milhaud, French actress (d. 2008)
 1902 - Johannes Brinkman, Dutch architect (d. 1949)
 1907 - Roger Blin, French actor and movie director (d. 1984)
 1907 - James M. Gavin, American lieutenant general (d. 1990)
 1907 - Lucia Santos, Portuguese nun (d. 2005)
 1908 – Louis L'Amour, American writer (d. 1988)
 1908 - Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (d. 1991)
 1909 - Nathan Rosen, American-Israeli physicist (d. 1995)
 1912 – Karl Malden, American actor (d. 2009)
 1912 - Agnes Martin, Canadian-American painter (d. 2004)
 1913 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish combat pilot (d. 2001)
 1913 - Tom McCall, 30th Governor of Oregon (d. 1983)
 1913 - Lew Wasserman, American movie studio executive (d. 2002)
 1915 - Georgiy Zhzhonov, Russian actor and writer (d. 2005)
 1915 - John McConnell, American peace activist and environmentalist (d. 2012)
 1917 - Paul Rogers, British stage actor (d. 2013)
 1917 – Virginia Grey, American actress (d. 2004)
1917 - Irving Kaplansky, Canadian mathematician, professor, writer and musician (d. 2006)
 1918 – Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (d. 1997)
 1919 - R. M. Hare, English philosopher (d. 2002)
 1920 - Werner Klemperer, German actor and musician (d. 2000)
 1920 - Ross Martin, American actor (d. 1981)
 1921 - Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (d. 2004)
 1922 - John J. Gilligan, 62nd Governor of Ohio (d. 2013)
 1922 - Stewart Stern, American screenwriter (d. 2015)
 1923 – Marcel Marceau, French mime artist (d. 2007)
 1924 - Paul Fussell, American writer, historian, writer and professor (d. 2012)
 1924 - Al Neuharth, American businessman, writer and columnist (d. 2013)
 1926 - Franca Falcucci, Italian politician (d. 2014)
 1926 - Avo Uvezian, Lebanese-American jazz pianist, songwriter and cigar manufacturer (d. 2017)
 1929 - Sergio Cervato, Italian footballer (d. 2005)
 1929 - Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist
 1930 - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (d. 2000)
 1930 – Pat Robertson, American televangelist
1930 – Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist
 1931 – Burton Richter, American physicist
 1931 – William Shatner, Canadian actor
 1931 - Leslie Thomas, Welsh writer (d. 2014)
 1932 – Larry Evans, American chess player (d. 2010)
 1932 - Els Borst, Dutch politician (d. 2014)
 1933 - Michel Hidalgo, French footballer and coach
 1933 - Abulhassan Banisadr, former President of Iran
 1934 - Bola Ajibola, Nigerian politician and jurist
 1934 - Orrin Hatch, United States Senator for Utah (d. 2022)
 1936 – Roger Whittaker, British singer
 1937 - Angelo Badalamenti, American composer
 1937 - Armin Hary, German athlete
 1940 - Fausto Bertinotti, Italian Communist politician
 1941 – Bruno Ganz, Swiss actor
 1941 - Cassam Uteem, 2nd President of Mauritius
 1942 – Bernd Herzsprung, German actor
 1943 - George Benson, American jazz and fusion guitarist and singer
 1943 - Keith Relf, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 1976)
 1945 - Paul Schockemöhle, German equestrian showjumper
1946 - Don Chaney, American basketball player and coach
 1946 - Rudy Rucker, American mathematician and computer scientist
 1946 - Harry Vanda, Dutch-Australian singer and musician
 1947 - James Patterson, American writer
 1948 – Bernard Dietz, German footballer
 1948 – Andrew Lloyd Webber, English theatre composer
 1948 - Wolf Blitzer, American journalist
 1949 - Fanny Ardant, French actress
 1949 – John Toshack, Welsh footballer and manager
 1949 - Brian Hanrahan, English journalist and broadcaster (d. 2010)
 1950 - Jocky Wilson, Scottish darts player (d. 2012)
 1950 - Mary Tamm, English actress (d. 2012)
1951  1975 
 1952 - Des Browne, Scottish politician
 1952 - David Jones, Welsh politician
 1953 - Vladimir Trofimenko, Russian athlete
 1955 – Lena Olin, Swedish actress
 1955 - Pete Sessions, American politician
 1955 – Valdis Zatlers, former President of Latvia
 1956 - Maria Teresa, Cuban-born Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
 1958 - Laurie David, American blogger, activist and producer
 1958 - Pete Wylie, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1959 - Matthew Modine, American actor, screenwriter, director and producer
 1959 - Zhan Videnov, 45th Prime minister of Bulgaria
 1963 – Giuseppe Galderisi, Italian footballer and manager
 1965 - John Kordic, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1992)
 1965 – Emma Wray, British actress
 1966 - Arron Banks, British businessman and political donor
 1966 - Brian Shaw, American basketball player
 1966 - Samantha Robson, British actress
 1967 - Mario Cipollini, Italian cyclist
 1968 - Kazuya Maekawa, Japanese footballer
1968 - Euronymous, Norwegian guitarist and producer (d. 1993)
 1969 - Robert Halfon, English politician
 1970 - Leontien van Moorsel, Dutch cyclist
 1970 - Hwang Young-cho, South Korean marathon runner
 1971 - Keegan Michael Key, American actor
 1972 – Shawn Bradley, American basketball player
 1972 – Elvis Stojko, Canadian figure skater
 1972 - Cory Lidle, American baseball player (d. 2006)
 1973 – Beverley Knight, British singer
 1974 – Philippe Clement, Belgian footballer
 1974 - Marcus Camby, American basketball player
 1974 - Kidada Jones, American actress
 1975 - Jiri Novak, Czech ice hockey player
 1975 - Anne Dudek, American actress
From 1976 
 1976 – Reese Witherspoon, American actress
 1976 - Teun de Nooijer, Dutch field hockey player
 1976 - Victoria Atkins, English politician
 1977 - John Otto, American musician
 1978 - Björn Lind, Swedish cross-country skier
 1981 - Mirel Radoi, Romanian footballer
 1984 – Piotr Trochowski, German footballer
 1985 – Mayola Biboko, Belgian footballer
 1985 – Jakob Fuglsang, Danish cyclist
 1988 – Tania Raymonde, American actress
 1989 - Eva Pereira, Cape Verdean middle-distance runner
 1989 - Ruben Popa, Romanian footballer
 1990 - Lisa Mitchell, Australian singer-songwriter
 1992 - Jessie Andrews, American pornographic actress
 1994 - Kolohe Andino, American surfer
 1997 - Harry Wilson, Welsh footballer
 1998 - Paola Andino, American actress
 1999 - Mick Schumacher, German racing driver

Deaths
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 1081 - Boleslaw the Generous, King of Poland (b. 1042)
 1322 - Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (b. 1278)
 1418 - Dietrich of Nieheim, German bishop and historian (b. 1345)
 1421 - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence (b. 1388)
 1471 - George Podebrady, King of Bohemia (b. 1420)
 1544 - Johannes Magnus, last Roman Catholic Archbishop in Sweden (b. 1488)
 1602 – Agostino Carracci, Italian composer (b. 1557)
 1685 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (b. 1638)
 1687 – Jean Baptiste Lully, Italian-French composer (b. 1632)
 1772 - John Canton, English physicist (b. 1718)
 1820 - Stephen Decatur, American naval officer (b. 1779)
 1832 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer (b. 1749)
 1840 - Etienne Bobillier, French mathematician (b. 1798)
 1844 - William Carroll, Governor of Tennessee (b. 1788)
 1851 - Isaac Hill, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1789)
 1863 - Opothleyahola, principal Native American chief of the Creek Nation (b. 1796)
 1896 - Thomas Hughes, English novelist (b. 1822)
1901  2000 
 1913 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese nationalist leader (b. 1882)
 1914 - Theodor Borrer, Swiss aviation pioneer (b. 1894)
 1917 - Yi Jun-yong, one of the Korean Joseon Dynasty's politicians (b. 1870)
 1942 - Frederick Cuming, English cricketer (b. 1875)
 1942 - William Donne, English cricketer (b. 1875)
 1946 - Clemens August Graf von Galen, German Resistance activist (b. 1878)
 1952 - Uncle Dave Macon, American musician (b. 1870)
 1955 - Ivan Subasic, Croatian-Yugoslavian politician (b. 1892)
 1958 – Mike Todd, American movie producer (b. 1909)
 1960 - Jose Antonio Aguirre, Basque politician (b. 1904)
 1977 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian Communist leader (b. 1904)
 1978 – Karl Wallenda, German acrobat (b. 1905)
 1987 – Odysseas Angelis, Greek military officer (b. 1912)
 1993 – Steve Olin, American baseball player (b. 1965)
 1994 – Walter Lantz, American cartoonist (b. 1900)
 1994 - Dan Hartman, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1950)
1996 - Robert F. Overmyer, American test pilot and astronaut (b. 1936)
 1996 - Billy Williamson, American musician (b. 1925)
 2000 - Carlo Parola, Italian footballer (b. 1921)
From 2001 
 2001 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish combat pilot (b. 1913)
 2001 – William Hanna, American animator and studio founder (b. 1910)
 2002 - Rudolf Baumgartner, Swiss conductor and violinist (b. 1917)
 2004 – Ahmed Yassin, Palestinian co-founder of Hamas (b. 1936)
 2006 - Lawrence Stephen, Nauruan politician (b. 1939)
 2009 – Jade Goody, British television personality (b. 1981)
 2010 – Valentina Tolkunova, Russian singer (b. 1946)
 2010 – James W. Black, Scottish Nobel Prize-winning doctor and medical researcher (b. 1924)
 2012 - Mohammed Merah, French Islamic Jihadist and spree killer (b. 1988), shot after siege
 2013 - Bebo Valdés, Cuban pianist, bandleader and composer (b. 1918)
 2014 - Mickey Duff, Polish-born British boxing trainer and promoter (b. 1929)
 2014 - Patrice Wymore, American actress (b. 1926)
 2014 - Yashwant Vithoba Chittal, Indian writer (b. 1928)
 2014 - Yngve A. A. Larsson, Swedish medicine professor and diabetologist (b. 1917)
 2014 - Riina Gerretz, Estonian pianist (b. 1939)
2015 - Arkady Arkanov, Russian writer and satirist (b. 1933)
 2015 - Norman Scribner, American choral conductor (b. 1936)
 2016 - Rob Ford, Canadian politician, former Mayor of Toronto (b. 1969)
 2016 - Rita Gam, American actress (b. 1927)
 2016 - Richard Bradford, American actor (b. 1934)
 2016 - Glen Dawson, American rock climber and mountaineer (b. 1912)
 2016 - Phife Dawg, American rap musician (b. 1970)
 2016 - Santiago J. Erevia, American soldier (b. 1945)
 2017 - Dallas Green, American baseball player and manager (b. 1934)
 2017 - Sib Hashian, American drummer (b. 1949)
 2017 - Joanne Kyger, American poet (b. 1934)
 2017 - Sven-Erik Magnusson, Swedish singer (b. 1942)
 2017 - Ronnie Moran, English footballer and manager (b. 1934)
 2017 - Khalid Masood, English terrorist (b. 1964)
 2017 - Tomas Milian, Cuban-born Italian actor (b. 1933)
 2017 - Lembit Ulfsak, Estonian actor (b. 1947)
 2017 - Pete Hamilton, American racecar driver (b. 1942)
2017 - Marilyn McCord Adams, American philosopher and priest (b. 1943)
 2017 - Piroska Oszoli, Hungarian painter (b. 1919)
 2018 - Dick Gamble, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
 2018 - René Houseman, Argentine footballer (b. 1953)
 2018 - Wayne Huizenga, American businessman and entrepreneur (b. 1937)
 2018 - Dariush Shayegan, Iranian philosopher and cultural theorist (b. 1935)
Observances 
 World Day for Water
 Emancipation Day (Puerto Rico)
 Earliest date on which Easter can fall, last in 1818, next in 2285 (April 25 is latest Easter date)
 Day of the People's Party (Laos)

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre, in present-day Israel, for Egypt.
 1276 - Magnus Ladulas is crowned King of Sweden in Uppsala Cathedral.
 1487 - 10-year-old Lambert Simnel is crowned in Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin, Ireland, with the name Edward VI, in a bid to threaten the reign of King Henry VII of England.
 1595 - The Nomenclator of Leiden University Library in the Netherlands appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library.
 1607 - 100 English settlers leave for Jamestown, Virginia.
 1621 – The Protestant Union is formally dissolved.
 1626 – Peter Minuit buys Manhattan.
 1667 - The French Royal Army crosses the border into the then-Spanish Netherlands, starting the War of Devolution opposing France to the Spanish Empire and the Triple Alliance.
 1689 – The English Parliament passes the Act of Toleration, protecting Protestants, with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded.
 1738 – John Wesley is converted, establishing the Methodist Movement.
1798 – The Irish Rebellion of 1798 against British rule begins.
 1813 - Simon Bolivar enters Mérida, Venezuela.
 1819 – Queen Victoria is born at Kensington Palace in London. At the time of her birth, she is not expected to become Queen.
 1822 – The Battle of Pichincha in Ecuador: Antonio José de Sucre secures the independence of the Presidency of Quito.
 1830 – Mary had a Little Lamb by Sarah Josepha Hale is published.
 1832 - The first Kingdom of Greece is declared at the London Conference.
 1844 – Samuel Morse sends the message What hath God wrought to inaugurate the first telegraph line.
 1846 – Mexican-American War: Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey.
 1856 - John Brown and his men kill five slavery supporters at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas.
 1861 – American Civil War: Union troops occupy Alexandria, Virginia.
 1883 – The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City is opened.
 1895 - Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted.
1901  2000 
 1901 – The Caerphilly pit disaster in South Wales kills 78 miners.
 1913 - Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia marries Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover.
 1915 – World War I: Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary.
 1921 - In the US, the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti begins.
 1930 – Amy Johnson lands in Darwin, Northern Territory, becoming the first Woman to fly solo from England to Australia.
 1935 – In Cincinnati, Ohio the first night game in Major League Baseball is held.
 1940 – Igor Sikorsky performs the first successful single-rotor helicopter flight.
 1941 – World War II: In the Battle of the Atlantic, the German battleship Bismarck sinks the Royal Navy's HMS Hood, killing all but three of the sailors on board.
 1944 - Iceland, then-still under the Danish crown, holds a referendum on its future status, with 97% of voters choosing to become a republic, which is declared on June 17.
 1950 – The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is proclaimed.
1956 – The first Eurovision Song Contest is held in Lugano, Switzerland. It is won by Switzerland's Lys Assia.
 1958 - United Press International is formed.
 1960 - The Cordon Caulle volcano in Chile erupts, two days after the strongest-ever measured earthquake struck the area.
 1962 – The rocket Mercury Atlas 7 is launched by NASA.
 1963 - United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy meets with author James Baldwin in an unsuccessful attempt at improving race relations.
 1964 - After the Peru national football team had a goal against the Argentina national football team disallowed, in Lima, a mass panic breaks out, killing 328 people.
 1967 – Egypt imposes a blockade and siege of Israel's Red Sea coast.
 1968 - Front de la Libération de Québec separatists bomb the US Consulate in Quebec City.
 1970 - Drilling of the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins in the northwest of the Soviet Union, now northwest Russia, near the border with Finland.
 1976 - The London to Washington, DC Concorde service begins.
1981 – President of Ecuador Jaime Roldos Aguilera is killed in an aircraft accident, along with his wife and Presidential Committee.
 1992 – The last Thai dictator, General Suchinda Kraprayoon, resigns following pro-Democracy protests.
 1992 - Thomas Klestil is elected to replace Kurt Waldheim as President of Austria.
 1993 – Eritrea becomes independent from Ethiopia.
 1994 - Four men are convicted of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and sentenced to 240 years each in prison.
 1999 - The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands, indicts Slobodan Milosevic and four others for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Kosovo.
 2000 – Israeli troops withdraw from southern Lebanon, following a 22-year occupation.
From 2001 
 2001 – 15-year-old Sherpa Temba Tsheri reaches the top of Mount Everest.
 2001 – The Versailles wedding hall disaster in Jerusalem kills 23 people.
 2002 – Russia and the United States sign the Moscow Treaty.
 2003 – Sertab Erener, representing Turkey, wins the 48th Eurovision Song Contest in Riga, Latvia. In the same competition, the United Kingdom, represented by Jemini, finishes with 0 points for the first time.
 2004 – North Korea bans mobile phones.
 2008 – Dima Bilan, representing Russia, wins the 53rd Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, Serbia.
 2014 - Three people are shot dead at a Jewish Centre in Brussels, Belgium.
 2014 - For the first time, the UEFA Champions League final is contested by two teams from the same city. In Lisbon, Real Madrid defeat Atlético Madrid 4-1 in extra time.
 2015 - Andrzej Duda is elected President of Poland.
 2017 - Taiwan's highest court rules in favour of same-sex marriage.
2019 - Taiwan's same-sex marriage law enters into effect, making it the first legalisation of same-sex marriage in Asia.
 2019 - Theresa May announces her intention to resign as Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, with her successor to be chosen before the end of July.
Up to 1900 
 15 BC – Germanicus, Roman general (d. 19 AD)
 1084 – King David I of Scotland (d. 1153)
 1494 – Pontormo, Italian painter (d. 1557)
 1522 – John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury (d. 1571)
 1544 - William Gilbert, English astronomer and philosopher (d. 1603)
 1671 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1737)
 1686 – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, Dutch scientist (d. 1736)
 1743 – Jean-Paul Marat, French revolutionary (d. 1793)
 1751 – Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (d. 1819)
 1759 – Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Bach, German composer (d. 1845)
 1803 - Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish biologist (d. 1866)
 1810 – Charles Clark, 24th Governor of Mississippi (d. 1877)
 1810 – Abraham Geiger, German rabbi and scholar (d. 1874)
 1816 – Emanuel Leutze, German painter (d. 1868)
 1819 – Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland (d. 1901)
 1821 – Juan Bautista Topete, Spanish admiral and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1885)
 1830 – Alexei Savrasov, Russian painter (d. 1897)
1836 – Joseph Rowntree, British social reformer (d. 1925)
 1851 - Ramón González Valencia, 29th President of Colombia (d. 1928)
 1852 – Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, Scottish politician, writer, journalist and adventurer (d. 1936)
 1854 - John Riley Banister, American lawyer and cowboy (d. 1918)
 1855 - Arthur Wing Panero, English actor, director and playwright (d. 1934)
 1856 - Andrew Watson, Guyanese-Scottish footballer (d. 1921)
 1861 - Gerald Strickland, 4th Prime Minister of Malta and British colonial Governor in Australia (d. 1940)
 1870 – Jan Christiaan Smuts, Prime minister of South Africa (d. 1950)
 1874 - Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1878)
 1875 - Robert Garrett, American athlete (d. 1961)
 1876 - Maurilio Fossati, Archbishop of Turin (d. 1965)
 1878 – Lillian Moller Gilbreth, American psychologist and industrial engineer (d. 1972)
 1879 - H. B. Reese, American candy maker (d. 1956)
 1886 – Paul Paray, French conductor and composer (d. 1979)
1895 - Marcel Janco, Romanian-Israeli artist, writer and architect (d. 1984)
 1899 – Kazi Nazrul Islam, Bangladeshi poet (d. 1976)
 1899 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (d. 1938)
 1899 - Henri Michaux, French poet (d. 1984)
 1900 – Eduardo De Filippo, Italian actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1984)
1901  1950 
 1901 – José Nasazzi, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1968)
 1902 - Sylvia Daoust, Canadian sculptor (d. 2004)
 1903 - Milo Burcham, American pilot (d. 1944)
 1903 - Wladyslaw Orlicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1990)
 1905 – Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Russian writer (d. 1984)
 1910 - Jimmy Demaret, American golfer (d. 1983)
 1911 - Ne Win, Burmese officer and politician (d. 2002)
 1914 – Lilli Palmer, German actress (d. 1986)
 1914 - George Tabori, Hungarian-German writer, screenwriter and dramatist (d. 2007)
 1914 - Giuseppe Valdengo, Italian baritone (d. 2007)
 1916 - Roden Cutler, Australian diplomat (d. 2002)
 1921 - Maria Michi, Italian actress (d. 1980)
 1924 - Mike Bongiorno, Italian-American television presenter (d. 2009)
 1924 - Aleksander Arulaid, Estonian chess player and engineer (d. 1995)
 1925 – Mai Zetterling, Swedish entertainer (d. 1994)
 1925 - Carmine Infantino, American illustrator (d. 2013)
 1925 - Carlo Annovazzi, Italian footballer (d. 1980)
1926 – Stanley Baxter, Scottish actor
 1928 - Adrian Frutiger, Swiss typeface designer (d. 2015)
 1928 - Jacobo Zabludovsky, Mexican lawyer and journalist (d. 2015)
 1928 - Kurt Weber, Polish cinematographer (d. 2015)
 1930 - Matthew Meselson, American geneticist and molecular biologist
 1931 - Michael Lonsdale, French actor
 1932 – Arnold Wesker, British dramatist (d. 2016)
 1933 - Aharon Lichtenstein, French-Israeli rabbi (d. 2015)
 1934 – Jane Byrne, 50th Mayor of Chicago (d. 2014)
 1936 - Harold Budd, American composer and poet
 1937 - Dick Balharry, Scottish conservationist (d. 2015)
 1937 – Roger Peterson, American pilot (d. 1959)
 1938 - Prince Buster, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
 1940 – Joseph Brodsky, Russian poet (d. 1996)
 1941 – Bob Dylan, American musician
 1942 – Ichiro Ozawa, Japanese politician
 1942 - Hannu Mikkola, Finnish rally driver
 1942 - Fraser Stoddart, Scottish-American chemist
 1944 - Susana Baca, Peruvian singer
 1944 – Patti LaBelle, American singer
1945 – Priscilla Presley, American actress and wife of Elvis Presley
 1945 - Terry Callier, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2012)
 1945 - Driss Jetou, former Prime Minister of Morocco
 1946 - Tansu Ciller, former Prime Minister of Turkey
 1946 - Irena Szewinska, Polish athlete
 1946 - Thomas Nordahl, Swedish footballer
 1947 - Waddy Wachtel, American composer, musician, bandleader and producer
 1947 - Martin Winterkorn, German businessman
 1948 - Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter
 1949 – Jim Broadbent, British actor
 1949 - Hubert Birkenmeier, German-American soccer player and coach
1951  1975 
 1953 – Alfred Molina, British actor
 1955 – Rosanne Cash, American musician
 1955 - Philippe Lafontaine, Belgian singer-songwriter
 1956 - Michael Jackson, Archbishop of Dublin
 1956 - Larry Blackmon, American singer-songwriter, musician, producer and actor
 1956 - Dominic Grieve, English politician
 1957 – Walter Moers, German comic artist and writer
 1959 – Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish ice hockey player (d. 1985)
 1960 – Guy Fletcher, British musician (Dire Straits)
 1960 – Kristin Scott Thomas, British actress
 1961 - Alain Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player
 1962 - Massimo Mauro, Italian footballer
 1962 - Héctor Camacho, Puerto Rican boxer (d. 2012)
 1964 – Liz McColgan, Scottish athlete
 1964 – Adrian Moorhouse, English swimmer
 1964 – Pat Verbeek, Canadian ice hockey player
 1965 - Jens Becker, German musician
 1965 - John C. Reilly, American actor, singer, producer and screenwriter
 1965 - Shinichiro Watanabe, Japanese director, producer and screenwriter
1966 – Eric Cantona, French footballer and actor
 1966 - Ella Guru, American painter and musician
 1967 – Heavy D, American rapper (d. 2011)
 1967 - Dana Ashbrook, American actor
 1967 - Andrey Borodin, Russian economist and businessman
 1967 - Eric Close, American actor
 1969 – Richard Lochhead, Scottish politician
 1969 - Jacob Rees-Mogg, English politician
 1972 - Greg Berlanti, American director, producer and screenwriter
 1972 - Jim McIntyre, Scottish footballer and coach
 1973 – Ruslana, Ukrainian singer
 1973 - Jill Johnson, Swedish singer
 1973 – Dermot O'Leary, British television presenter
 1973 – Vladimir Smicer, Czech footballer
 1973 - Shirish Kunder, Indian director, producer and screenwriter
 1974 - Magnus Manske, German biochemist and computer programmer
 1974 - Masahide Kobayashi, Japanese baseball player
 1975 - Marc Gagnon, Canadian speed skater
 1975 - Giannis Goumas, Greek footballer
From 1976 
 1976 – Alessandro Cortini, Italian musician
 1976 – Catherine Cox, Australian netball player
 1978 - Johan Holmqvist, Swedish ice hockey player
 1978 - Jo Joyner, English actress
 1978 – Brian Ching, American soccer player
 1982 – DaMarcus Beasley, American soccer player
 1982 - Roberto Colautti, Argentine-Israeli footballer
 1985 - Björgvin Páll Gústavsson, Icelandic handball player
 1986 – Jordan Metcalfe, English actor
 1987 - Déborah François, Belgian actress
 1987 - Fabio Fognini, Italian tennis player
 1988 - Artem Anisimov, Russian ice hockey player
 1989 – Mohammed Fellah, Norwegian footballer
 1989 – Adel Taarabt, Moroccan footballer
 1990 - Yuya Matsushita, Japanese singer and actor
 1991 – Erika Umeda, Japanese singer
 1992 - Rachel Victoria, Canadian actress
 1994 - Cayden Boyd, American actor
 1994 - Daiya Seto, Japanese swimmer
 1995 – Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein
 2007 - Maru the cat, famous cat and internet celebrity

Deaths
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 641 - Constantine III, Eastern Roman Emperor (b. 612)
 1153 – David I of Scotland (b. 1084)
 1201 - Theobald III, Count of Champagne (b. 1179)
 1351 – Abu al-Hasan 'Ali, Sultan of Morocco (b. 1297)
 1377 - Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania (b. 1296)
 1408 – Taejo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (b. 1335)
 1543 – Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer (b. 1473)
 1612 – Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English politician (b. 1563)
 1734 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)
 1806 - John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll, Scottish field marshal (b. 1723)
 1848 - Annette von Droste-Huelshoff, German writer and composer (b. 1797)
 1861 - Elmer G. Ellsworth, American colonel (b. 1837)
 1876 - Georgi Benkovski, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1843)
 1879 - William Lloyd Garrison, American abolitionist and publisher (b. 1805)
 1881 - Samuel Palmer, English painter (b. 1805)
1901  2000 
 1901 - Charlotte Mary Yonge, English novelist (b. 1823)
 1908 – Old Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b. 1821)
 1909 - Georg von Neumayer, German geophysicist and polar scientist (b. 1826)
 1919 - Amado Nervo, Mexican poet (b. 1870)
 1948 - Jacques Feyder, Belgian director and screenwriter (b. 1885)
 1949 - Alkesey Shchusev, Russian architect (b. 1873)
 1950 - Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, British field marshal (b. 1883)
 1959 – John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State (b. 1888)
 1960 - Avraham Arnon, Israeli educator (b. 1887)
 1972 - Ismail Yasin, Egyptian actor (b. 1915)
 1972 - Asta Nielsen, Danish actress (b. 1881)
 1974 – Duke Ellington, American jazz musician (b. 1899)
 1979 - Ernest Bullock, English organist, composer and educator (b. 1890)
 1981 – Jaime Roldos Aguilera, President of Ecuador (b. 1940)
 1984 - Vince McMahon, Sr., American wrestling promoter and businessman (b. 1914)
 1991 - Gene Clark, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1944)
1992 - Hitoshi Ogawa, Japanese racing driver (b. 1965)
 1993 - Juan Jesus Posadas, Mexican cardinal (b. 1926)
 1995 – Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1916)
From 2001 
 2003 – Rachel Kempson, British actress (b. 1910)
 2004 – Edward Wagenknecht, American literary critic (b. 1900)
 2005 – Vivian Liberto, first wife of Johnny Cash (b. 1934)
 2005 - Eddie Albert, American actor (b. 1906)
 2008 – Rob Knox, British actor (b. 1989)
 2008 - Jimmy McGriff, American jazz musician and bandleader (b. 1936)
 2010 – Paul Gray, American musician (Slipknot) (b. 1972)
 2010 – Anneliese Rothenberger, German opera singer (b. 1926)
 2013 - Pyotr Todorovsky, Ukrainian-Russian movie director, screenwriter and cinematographer (b. 1925)
 2013 - Antonio Puchades, Spanish footballer (b. 1925)
 2013 - Ed Shaughnessy, American drummer (b. 1929)
 2014 - John Vasconcellos, American politician (b. 1932)
 2015 - Marcus Belgrave, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1936)
 2015 - Tanith Lee, British writer (b. 1947)
 2015 - Bharat Raj Upreti, Nepalese judge (b. 1950)
 2016 - Burt Kwouk, Chinese-English actor (b. 1930)
 2016 - Lewis Fiander, Australian actor (b. 1938)
2016 - Buck Kartalian, American actor (b. 1922)
 2016 - Mell Lazarus, American cartoonist (b. 1927)
 2016 - Berend Jan Udink, Dutch politician (b. 1926)
 2017 - Ezekiel Anisi, Papua New Guinean politician (b. 1988)
 2017 - Juliana Koo, Chinese-American diplomat (b. 1905)
 2017 - Jared Martin, American actor (b. 1941)
 2017 - Pierre Seron, Belgian comic book artist (b. 1942)
 2017 - Denis Johnson, American writer (b. 1949)
 2017 - Tom Gilbey, British fashion designer (b. 1938)
 2017 - William Duborgh Jensen, Norwegian fashion designer (b. 1935)
 2017 - Noel Kinsey, Welsh footballer (b. 1925)
 2017 - Sonny West, American actor and stunt performer (b. 1937)
 2018 - Cliff Jackson, English footballer (b. 1941)
 2018 - Roblimo, American journalist and author (b. 1952)
 2018 - TotalBiscuit, British gaming critic and commentator (b. 1984)
 2018 - Gudrun Burwitz, German Nazi militant (b. 1929)
 2018 - Jerry Maren, American actor (b. 1920)
 2019 - Murray Gell-Mann, American physicist (b. 1929)
Observances 
 Battle of Pichincha Day (Ecuador)
 Bermuda Day
 Commonwealth Day (Belize)
 Independence Day (Eritrea)
 Aldersgate Day (Methodism)
 National Patriots Day (Quebec)

Days of the year
1153 was a common year.

Deaths 
 May 24 – King David I of Scotland (born 1084)
 July 8 – Pope Eugenius III
 August 17 – Eustace IV of Boulogne, son of Stephen of England
 August 21 – Bernard of Clairvaux, French churchman (born 1090)
 Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester
 Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford (born 1115)
 Anna Comnena, Byzantine princess and historian (born 1083)
 Bernard de Tremelay, fourth Grand Master of the Knights Templar, at the siege of Ascalon
Up to 1900 
 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to leave his capital city, Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus, takes control of the Empire.
 681 - Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths begins a council in which he introduces different measures against Jews in Spain.
 1127 - Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin Dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), capital city of the Song Dynasty in China, abducting Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song Dynasty.
 1150 - China: Prince Hailing of Jin and other court officials murder Emperor Xizong of Jin. Hailing succeeds him as Emperor.
 1317 - King Philip V of France is crowned.
 1349 – The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing bubonic plague, were rounded up and burned to death.
 1431 – Judges' investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France, the seat of the English occupation government.
1693 - An earthquake in Sicily kills around 60,000 people.
 1768 - In London, Philip Astley stages the first modern circus.
 1788 – Connecticut becomes the fifth state to be admitted to the United States.
 1793 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.
 1806 - A state funeral is held for Admiral Horatio Nelson at St. Paul's Cathedral in London.
 1816 - Humphrey Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery in present-day Tyne and Wear in the Northeast of England.
 1822 - Pedro I of Brazil, then a Portuguese prince, decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of King Joao IV of Portugal
 1839 - The French Academy of the Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
 1857 - An earthquake estimated at magnitude 7.9 strikes Fort Tejon in California.
 1861 – Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.
1861 - American Civil War: The "Star of the West" incident occurs in Charleston, South Carolina - sometimes considered by historians to be the "First Shots" of the war.
 1863 - American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Hindman begins in Arkansas.
 1878 - Umberto I of Italy becomes King.
 1880 - The Great Gale of 1880 brings high winds and heavy snow to parts of Oregon and Washington.
 1882 – Oscar Wilde gives his first lecture on "The English Renaissance of Art" in New York City.
 1894 - The New England Telephone and Telegraph Company installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.
 1900 - The Rome-based football club S.S. Lazio is founded.
1901  2000 
 1903 - Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Marquess of Tennyson becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.
 1905 – According to the Julian Calendar which was used at the time, Russian workers stage a march on the Winter Palace that ends in the massacre by Tsarist troops known as Bloody Sunday, setting off the Russian Revolution of 1905.
 1909 - Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition, is forced to turn back 180 kilometers (112 miles) from the South Pole, having travelled further south than anyone before him.
 1913 - Afonso Augusto da Costa becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
 1914 - Bernardino Machado becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
 1914 - The Phi Beta Sigma fraternity is founded.
 1916 - World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli ends in Ottoman Empire victory, after the evacuation of the last Allied forces.
 1917 – World War I: the Battle of Rafa occurs near the Egyptian border with Palestine.
 1918 - Battle of Bear Valley: Last battle of the American Indian Wars.
1921 - Greco-Turkish War: The First Battle of Inonu, the first battle of the war, begins near Eskisehir, Anatolia.
 1923 - Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight.
 1927 - A fire at Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal kills 78 children.
 1938 - Paul of Greece marries Frederica of Hanover in Athens.
 1941 - World War II: First flight of an Avro Lancaster aircraft.
 1941 - World War II: The Greek Triton (Y-5) sinks the Italian submarine Neghelli in Otranto.
 1942 - Off Menorca, the passenger ship Lamoriciere sinks, killing 301 people.
 1945 – The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines.
 1951 – The United Nations headquarters opens in New York City.
 1954 - The temperature of -65.9 degrees Celsius, the coldest to be measured in Greenland, is recorded by a British expedition.
 1957 - Anthony Eden resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom following the Suez Crisis.
 1959 - The Vega de Tera reservoir dam breaks in Zamora Province in Spain, killing over 140 people.
1960 - Construction of the Aswan Dam in Egypt begins.
 1964 – Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag on the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone. This causes fighting between U.S. military and Panamanian civilians.
 1968 – The only known snowfall occurs in Mexico City, additional snow falls on January 10 and 11.
 1972 - The ship previously known as the HMS Queen Elizabeth burns in Hong Kong harbor, praobably as an act of arson, and sinks.
 1991 – The Soviets storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence.
 1992 - The National Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina declares the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia.
 1996 - First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in neighbouring Dagestan. It turns into a massive hostage crisis.