Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Bibliography

Facsimile reprint of Davies' 1929 book, containing the text of the The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster by Potts, Thomas (1613)

Other websites
 (1597)
 (1849)
 (1613)
Witchcraft
People from Lancashire
17th century in England
Guernica is a world-famous painting by Pablo Picasso. It is one of the world's greatest anti-war paintings. It is a very large painting (a mural) which shows the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War.

The Spanish Republican government asked Pablo Picasso to paint a large mural for an art exhibition in Paris. It shows how people, as well as animals, all suffer because of the tragedies of war. The painting soon became so famous that it was seen as a world symbol for peace. The fame of the painting helped to bring the Spanish Civil War to an end.

Guernica is navy blue, black and white, 3.5 metre (11 ft) tall and 7.8 metre (25.6 ft) wide, a mural-size canvas painted in oil. It hangs in the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid.
Description of the painting 
Guernica shows a large, open room with people and animals who are suffering. A bull stands over a woman crying over a dead child in her arms. A horse falls in terrible pain as it dies after being run through with a spear. A dead soldier lies under the horse, his arm has been chopped off, but the hand grasps a shattered sword from which a flower grows. A light bulb shines strongly like an evil eye (the Spanish word for "light bulb" is "bombilla" which sounds like "bomb"). A female figure floats in, holding a lamp which is a symbol of hope. There are many other smaller details in the painting.
History of the painting 
The painting soon travelled to many countries. It was seen in several towns in the United States during the 1940s and early 1950s. The Spanish dictator Francisco Franco wanted it to come to Spain, but Picasso said that he would not allow it to go to Spain until Spain became a democratic country. Picasso died in 1973. Franco died in 1975 and Spain became a democratic country. The painting went to Spain in 1981 and it now hangs in an art gallery, the Museo Reina Sofía, in Madrid.

Other websites 
 Image of the painting

1930s paintings
Spanish paintings
The following is a list of vice presidents of the United States.

Living former vice presidents

References

Lists of politicians from the United States
US
Guernica (pronounce: "GHER-nee-kah") is a town in Spain. It is in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country. The town of Guernica belongs to the same municipality as the near town of Luno ("Lumo" in Basque), Gernika-Lumo. The population of the whole municipality is 15,571 (2004).

Guernica is known internationally because it was bombed by the Nazis in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. Pablo Picasso painted a huge anti-war painting called Guernica which is world-famous.

Other websites 
 Official site 

Towns in Spain
Municipalities in Biscay
Guernica could mean:
 Guernica (painting), a painting by Pablo Picasso
 Guernica (town), a town in Spain
The Flat Earth Society (or the International Flat Earth Research Society) is an organization claiming that the Earth is flat (most of us think it is round; a sphere). It was started by Samuel Shenton in 1956.  Charles K. Johnson was the leader and made his home the organization's base. The Flat Earth Society is thought to have disbanded (stopped existing) after Johnson's death in 2001, but some websites still use the organization's name.

Some people say NASA proved that the Earth is not flat by taking pictures of the planet from space. Others say the round Earth was proven long before NASA existed. The Society says the pictures are fake, and that NASA is a part of a conspiracy.

Related pages
 Flat Earth
 Nicolaus Copernicus

Other websites 

 One of the associations calling itself the original Flat Earth Society

Earth
John Birmingham (August 7, 1964) is an Australian writer. His book, He Died With A Falafel In His Hand was made into a movie in 2001.

Early life
Birmingham was born in Liverpool, England in 1964. He came to Australia with his family in 1970 and settled in Ipswich, Queensland. His first book written in 1994, He Died With A Falafel In His Hand, was about his experiences sharing a house with other people.

Books
His other books are The Tasmanian Babes Fiasco (1997), Leviathan: the unauthorised biography of Sydney (1999), Off One's Tits (2002) and Without Warning (2008).

References

1964 births
Living people
Australian novelists
Australian science fiction writers
Writers from Liverpool
Writers from Queensland
Balibo is an Australian movie directed by Robert Connolly and released in 2009. It starred Australian actor Anthony LaPaglia who also was the film's producer. It based on the true story of 5 Australian news reporters working for Australian TV during the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975. They were murdered by the Indonesian army in the small village of Balibo.

The Indonesian National Armed Forces did not want the movie shown in Indonesia, with a spokesman saying the movie could harm Indonesia's relations with East Timor and Australia.
The movie was finally forbidden in Indonesia by the Film Censorship Agency. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa said the ban was to avoid a negative image of Indonesia. The Indonesian National Armed Forces supports the ban, with a spokesman saying the official version of the event is that the journalists were killed in a crossfire, and not murdered by Indonesian troops. However, this did not stop people from seeing the movie, as there were some secret cinemas set up to show it.

References

Australian movies
2009 movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Asia
The Nagoya University of Foreign Studies is in Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. it started in 1988. It mainly teachs languages, but also has a strong emphasis on Japanese culture. It has 4 main schools:
 Japanese Language Institute
 Graduate School
 School of Foreign Languages
 School of Contemporary International Studies

Other websites
 Nagoya Universtity of Foreign Studies website

References

Colleges and universities in Japan
1988 establishments in Japan
Nagoya
Al Wasl Sports Club () is a sports club in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. It is best known for its football team.

Sports clubs
Sport in Dubai
Organizations based in the United Arab Emirates
Cork City F.C. is a professional Irish football club in Cork and competing in the FAI League of Ireland. They are one of the most successful clubs in Ireland, having won the league twice and numerous FAI Cups, as well as nine Munster Senior Cups in a row.

Irish football clubs
Cork (city)
Discogs is a website and database of information about music recordings. Discogs is owned by Zink Media, Inc. in Portland, Oregon, United States. Discogs is one of the largest online databases of electronic music releases. It is believed to be the largest online database of releases on vinyl also.

History 
The discogs.com domain name was registered in August 2000. Discogs was released in October 2000 by Kevin Lewandowski. It started as a database of his personal music collection.  The name of the site is short for discographies.

Contribution system 
The information on Discogs comes from members of the web site.

References

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Disbugs – Discogs issues/bugs and features requests. 
 Discogs wiki  – Discogs wiki site.

Entertainment websites
Watch the Ride is a compilation album made by Zinc and released by Harmless in 2007.

Track listing

Personnel

Musicians 
 Zinc - Mixed By
 Dynamite MC - Vocals
 Eksman - Vocals
 Stamina - Vocals

Production 
 Zinc - Compiled By, Producer
 Gavin Fraser - Project Co-ordinator

Other websites 
 Watch the Ride on MySpace
 Watch the Ride on Discogs

Compilation albums
2007 albums
A wedgie happens when a person's underwear is forcibly pulled up their buttocks. A wedgie can be given by bullies to humiliate their target, or as a prank between friends. Wedgies can be given from the front ("melvins") and in many other ways. They can cause the underwear to rip. They are very painful and are used in many situations. They are also very commonly shown in Low Comedy.

There are many forms of wedgies. Wedgies can be given along with a spanking. A hanging wedgie is when the underwear is hung on a hook. A bra connection wedgie is when a girl's underwear is hooked in her bra. "Atomic wedgies" are when the underwear is pulled over the victim's head. A "messy wedgie" is when food or other substances are put down the pants of the victim while wedgied. A "squeaky clean wedgie" is when the victim's underwear is pulled up at the front then the back creating friction. In a "bouncing wedgie", the person is bounced while in the wedgie.

Bullying
Med Hondo (born Mohamed Abid Hondo, 4 May 1936 – 2 March 2019) was a Mauritanian movie director, producer, screenwriter, actor and voice actor.

Biography 

He moved to France in 1959 and began to work in movies during the 1960s. In 1967, critics praised for the first movie he directed, Soleil O. It won a Golden Leopard Award at the Locarno International Film Festival in Italy. When American movies are dubbed into French, Hondo often plays the French version of a character. For example, he played the French version of Eddie Murphy's character Donkey in Shrek.

Hondo died in Paris on 2 March 2019, aged 82.

Filmography

Director
1967: Soleil O
1974: Les 'bicots-Nègres' vos voisins (Arabs and Niggers, Your Neighbours)
1975: Sahel la faim pourquoi
1979: West Indies
1986: Sarraounia
1994: Lumière noire (Black Light)
1998: Watani, un monde sans mal
2004: Fatima, l'Algérienne de Dakar
Actor
1964: Les verts pâturages
1965: Bob Morane as Notomi (television series; two episodes)
1965: Belphégor as Gaillac (television series)
1965: Seule à Paris (television series)
1966: Retour à Bacoli as Un tirailleur (television series)
1967: Un homme de trop as Florent
1968: Tante Zita as James
1969: A Walk with Love and Death as Entertainer
1974: Aux frontières du possible as doctor Sosian Cisse (television series)
1975: Jo Gaillard as Carlos (television series)
1977: The Ambassadors as Med
1989–1991: Commissaire Moulin as Max (television series; three episodes)
1990: 1871 as Karl Marx
1997: La divine poursuite as the pilot
2000: Antilles sur Seine as Horace
2003: Funky Cops as Ace (television series; voice)
2006: Asterix and the Vikings as pirate lookout (voice)
2006: Incontrôlable as Rex (voice)
Dubbing
1982: Gandhi as Ben Kingsley's Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
1984: Best Defense as Eddie Murphy's Lieutenant T.M. Landry
1994: The Lion King as Rafiki
1995: Se7en as Morgan Freeman's Detective Lt. William Somerset
1996: The Nutty Professor as Eddie Murphy's Sherman Klump
2001: Samurai Jack as Aku
2001: Shrek as Eddie Murphy's Donkey
2003: Xiaolin Showdown as Dojo
2004: Shrek 2 as Donkey
2007: Shrek the Third as Donkey
2010: Shrek Forever After as Donkey

References

Other websites

1936 births
2019 deaths
Mauritanian people
Movie actors
Movie directors
Movie producers
Screenwriters
Television actors
Voice actors
Happy Hardcore is a type of dance music. It has a very fast tempo (usually around 160–180 BPM). It also normally has solo vocals. It usually features various melodies and basslines which keep playing until the song ends.

Artists, DJs and producers 
 Breeze
 Darren Styles
 Dougal
 Gammer
 Hixxy
 Scott Brown
 Sy
 S3RL

Music genres
A log cabin or log home is a house built from wooden logs.  They were first built in Norway, but are usually associated with woody areas of the United States, and especially with pioneer culture.edit  Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin, and that is the basis for the toy "Lincoln Logs".  Log cabins have also been a symbol in American politics, as some Presidents said they were born in log cabins to make them seem closer to the people. Today's log cabins typically have all the conveniences of other modern homes. Log cabin "kits" are now available and log cabins make great vacation homes. "   A group of Republicans who dislike some of the stands of the Republican Party call themselves "Log Cabin Republicans"..

Related pages
 Cottage

References

Houses
Basmati rice is a kind of long-grain rice. It is known for its fragrance and its flavour. The biggest producers of Basmati rice are India and Pakistan, it is mainly grown in Punjab. The main method of growing it is paddy field farming, that is to say fields that are put under water.

The grains of basmati rice are longer than most other types of rice. Cooked grains of Basmati rice are characteristically free flowing rather than sticky. This is a characteristic of most long-grain rice. Cooked basmati rice can be uniquely identified by its fragrance. Basmati rice is available in two varieties - white and brown.

Basmati rice is also considered useful to make biriyani in most Asian countries and also to make yellow rice.

Rice
Sarah Christine Thyre (born July 9, 1968) is an American actress and writer. She is  best known for her role as Mary Frances Gibbons on The Mighty B!. She was married to Andy Richter.

References

1968 births
Living people
American television actors
Misty, also known as  in Japan, is a fictional character from Pokémon video games. In the video game, she is the Gym Leader of Cerulean City specializing in water-type Pokemon. While in the anime she became Ash Ketchum and Brock traveling companion for the first five seasons.

Design
Misty character was designed by Ken Sugimori and Atsuko Nishida for the video game series. In the anime she was designed by Sayuri Ichishi.

Misty's voice actor for Japanese is Mayumi Iizuka. As for English, it is Rachael Lillis from seasons 1-8 and Michele Knotz from movie The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon until now.

Appearance

Video games
Misty appears in Pokémon Red, Blue, Yellow,  FireRed and LeafGreen, Pokémon Gold, Silver, Crystal, Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver and Pokemon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee! as the Gym Leader from Cerulean City by specializing in water-type Pokémon. She also appears as a trophy in Super Smash Bros. Melee and as a Gym Leader in the Pokémon Puzzle League.
Misty, as well as most of the gym leaders in Pokémon games, reappears in Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 as part of the Pokémon World Tournament.

Anime
Misty is a stubborn tomboy who loves water-type Pokémon and has three siblings, Daisy, Lily and Violet. She follows Ash Ketchum in hopes of seeking compensation for her bicycle which was scorched by Pikachu's electric attack while holding a bunch of wild Spearows that were about to attack Ash. Then after seeing Ash's determination, Misty chose to be his friend and mentor. Together with Brock, Misty becomes Ash's traveling companion in Kanto, the Orange Islands and Johto. Ash then keeps his promise to give Misty a new bike at the end of the Johto League Silver Conference. After that, Misty returned to Cerulean City to return to managing the gym she had left.
Printed adaptation
Misty appears in manga series Electric Tale of Pikachu, loosely based on Misty who appeared in the anime. She also appears in Pokémon Adventures with an appearance similar to that in the video game version.

Reception
Misty is described as a 'mother' figure and a 'nurturing component' in the anime by the book "The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture". Although on the other hand she also described as a character who is easily emotional with explosive anger.

References

Pokémon characters
Anime characters
An antidepressant is a type of medication that is used to treat people with mood disorders including depression and also to treat people with anxiety disorders. Some people take antidepressants to lower their sex drive and treat premature ejaculation.

There are different types of antidepressant, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

How they work 
Antidepressants work to improve the mood. Doctors think that when someone is depressed, the chemicals in their brain are not working properly. Antidepressants balance these chemicals, lifting the depression.

References 

Drugs used in psychiatry
A dirty bomb, also known as a radiological dispersal device (RDD) is a radioactive explosive weapon. It is designed to spread radioactive material to a large area.

Nuclear weapons
Saint Jude the Apostle was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. He was also called Jude of James and Jude Thaddeus. He is the patron saint of Armenia, along with Saint Bartholemew. He is also the patron saint of lost causes and desperate situations.

St. Jude was martyred (killed for his beliefs) with another apostle, Simon the Zealot in Beirut, Lebanon, around AD 66 by a axe.  In the Roman Catholic church, Jude and Simon's feast day is celebrated on 29 October.

References 

Early Christian saints
Twelve Apostles
1st-century births
1st-century deaths
A pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant (also called as Insectivorous plant). Carnivorous plants are plants that eat insects and other small animals. Carnivorous plants grow in soil that has little nitrogen. All living things must have nitrogen. Carnivorous plants get nitrogen from the insects they eat.

The pitcher of the pitcher plant is actually a modified leaf. The apex of the leaf is always the lid. Pitcher plants catch (get) insects in a cup of liquid. The walls of the cup make nectar (sweet liquid). The nectar attracts insects. When an insect lands on the wall, it falls down into the liquid. The insect cannot get out of the cup because the walls are smooth and slippery and the walls have hairs pointing down. 

After the insect is dead, its body rots. Rotting releases (lets loose) the nitrogen from the insect's body. The nitrogen then goes into the liquid and the plant takes in the nitrogen from the liquid.

References 

Flowering plants
Carnivorous plants
Insectivorus plants
Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 American drama movie directed by Jon Avnet. It is set in 1920s and 1980s Birmingham, Alabama and is based on a novel by Fannie Flagg called Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe. The movie stars Kathy Bates, Jessica Tandy, Mary-Louise Parker and Mary Stuart Masterson.

Plot
In Birmingham, Alabama, a woman called Evelyn goes to a nursing home to visit her mother-in-law and meets an elderly woman called Ninny. They become friends. Ninny tells Evelyn stories about when she was younger, and about the people she used to know. In particular, she tells Evelyn about two young women, Idgie and Ruth.

In Ninny's stories, Idgie and Ruth are friends who run a café together and raise Ruth's son Buddy. Ruth has separated from her husband Frank because he used to hit her. One day, Frank goes missing and the police begin to think that Idgie has killed him.
Ninny tells Evelyn her stories over several visits. During that time, Evelyn, who was depressed,  is inspired by Ruth and Idgie to have more power in her life. In the end, Ninny goes to live with Evelyn and her husband. There is a hint that Ninny and Idgie might be the same person.

Cast
 Kathy Bates as Evelyn Couch
 Mary Stuart Masterson as Idgie Threadgoode
 Mary-Louise Parker as Ruth Jamison
 Jessica Tandy as Ninny Threadgoode
 Cicely Tyson as Sipsey
 Chris O'Donnell as Buddy Threadgoode
 Stan Shaw as Big George
 Gailard Sartain as Ed Couch
 Timothy Scott as Smokey Lonesome
 Gary Basaraba as Grady Kilgore
 Lois Smith as Mama Threadgoode
 Danny Nelson as Papa Threadgoode
Differences from the novel
There are some differences between the movie and the novel it was made from. In the novel, Idgie and Ruth are a lesbian couple. In the movie they may be just friends. The director, John Avnet said that he wanted viewers to make up their own minds. In one part of the movie, Idgie and Ruth have a food fight. Avnet said that the food fight is symbolic of love-making. When it was released, some critics and LGBT activists were angry that the lesbian part of the story had been "glossed over". Even though the lesbian content had been hidden, the movie won an award from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) for best feature movie with lesbian content.

Another difference is that at the end of the movie, it seems possible that Ninny is really Idgie. In the novel, they are completely separate characters and are sisters-in-law.

Reception
The movie was nominated for two Academy Awards and two BAFTA awards.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1991 drama movies
1990s LGBT movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
Birmingham, Alabama
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Alabama
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies set in the 1980s
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Jon Avnet
Ischemic colitis (also called Colonic ischemia) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury cause an inadequite blood supply to the large instestine. It occurs more often in older people. In fact, more than 90% of cases occur in people over the age of 60. Ischemic colitis is the most common form of bowel ischemia.

Symptoms
Abdominal pain
Lower digestive bleeding
Diarrhea
Fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C)
Vomiting

Treatment
Most cases of ischemic colitis are mild and will get better on their own. IV fluids are givin to patients to treat dehydration. Patients are also told not to eat or drink anything until the symptoms get better. Severe ischemic colitis that leads to gangrene can be treated with antibiotics and surgery.

Related pages
Mesenteric ischemia

Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Hypotension is low blood pressure.  A person with low blood pressure is called hypotensive.

Everybody's blood pressure is different.  Some people have naturally low blood pressure.  However, for most adults, a systolic blood pressure of under 90, or a diastolic blood pressure of under 60, is low blood pressure.  (Systolic is the top number in a blood pressure reading; diastolic is the bottom number.)
Symptoms
Low blood pressure is not always dangerous.  However, low blood pressure is dangerous if it causes any of these symptoms:
 Feeling dizzy
 Fainting (this is called syncope)
 If the blood pressure gets even lower, or the person faints, when they stand up (this is called orthostasis or orthostatic hypotension).  This means that the blood pressure is so low that it cannot get blood to the brain when the person is standing up.
 Pale, cold, clammy skin (this is called diaphoresis).  This is a sign that the body is in trouble, and is using its natural defense strategies to try to fix a problem.
 Being unable to think or focus on something
 Nausea
 Feeling tired or depressed
 Feeling very thirsty (this happens when low blood pressure is caused by dehydration, meaning the person has not drunk enough fluids.  The body senses this and gets thirsty so the person will drink more)
What problems can low blood pressure cause? 
If low blood pressure makes a person faint, the person could hurt themselves while falling.

If a person's blood pressure is very low, the heart will be unable to pump blood and oxygen to important parts of the body.  Every part of the body needs blood and oxygen to live.  Without blood and oxygen, important parts of the body, like the heart and brain, can be damaged.

Treatment

First aid 
If a person's blood pressure is low enough that they are feeling dizzy, they should lay down on the ground.  Putting their feet up, or bending their knees, is also helpful.  This makes it easier for blood and oxygen to get to the brain (because the blood does not have to work against gravity to get up to the brain, like it would if the person were standing).  Lying down will also make sure that the person does not hurt themselves by falling if they faint.
Medical treatment 
Doctors can treat hypotension by treating whatever is causing the low blood pressure.  Sometimes, low blood pressure is caused by dehydration.  This can be treated by having the patient eat more salt, drink more fluids, or (in serious cases) get fluids through a needle placed into a vein.

If low blood pressure is caused by medicines, doctors can change those medications to others that do not lower blood pressure as much.

There are also medications that increase blood pressure.  They work by making it harder for blood vessels to relax.  (When blood vessels relax, blood pressure goes down.  If the blood vessels cannot relax as easily, blood pressure goes up.)

Related pages
Blood pressure
Hypertension (high blood pressure)

References

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
A Race condition (also called race hazard) is a problem with the design of a system. With a race condition, the result of a calculation or the behaviour of the system as a whole is dependent on how long a certain calculation takes, or when it is started. Race conditions occur in logic circuits and computer software, especially with multi-threaded or distributed systems.

Example
It is often difficult to explain what a race condition is, but the metaphor of a horse race can be used as an explanation.
A computer program is like a horse race. The computer program does several things at the same time, similarly to how several horses run at the same time in a horse race. Each horse represents what is usually called a thread of execution. That way, one such thread may handle network communication, another one may be responsible for redrawing the user interface. In the case of a race condition, the application works properly if a given horse wins the race. For example, the application may work if horse number five wins, but it will crash if any other horse wins the race. One solution to the problem is to use synchronization. This is like several jockeys teaming up, to make sure horse number five is ahead.
On different computers, or in different situations, computers programs can run at different speeds. Sometimes, they will be faster, other times slower. This may mean that on some systems, the race condition will never show up, even though it may be easy to show it on others. Race conditions can be difficult to find. Bugs caused by race conditions are a frequent source of frustration within the profession of software development.

Computer hardware
Mary-Louise Parker (born August 2, 1964) is an American television and movie actress.

Early life
Parker was born in 1964 in Fort Jackson, South Carolina. Her mother was Swedish and her father was a judge and served in the United States Army. They lived in Thailand where she attended the International School Bangkok. Parker studied drama at the North Carolina School of the Arts. Her first job in television was a small part on the soap opera Ryan's Hope in 1975. In the late 1980s, she moved to New York, where she got a job measuring feet at ECCO (a shoe shop). After a few small roles, she had her first part in a Broadway play in 1990. The play was called Prelude to a Kiss and she played the main character called Rita. She won the Clarence Derwent Award for this play and was nominated for a Tony Award. Parker dated her co-star Timothy Hutton for a short time.
That same year, Parker was noticed by critics when she appeared in a movie called Longtime Companion. It was one of the first movies about AIDS. After that, she acted in 1991's Grand Canyon, which also starred Mary McDonnell, Danny Glover, Alfre Woodard and Kevin Kline. Parker's next film was Fried Green Tomatoes, with Jessica Tandy, Mary Stuart Masterson, Kathy Bates and Cicely Tyson.

Movies
1990: Longtime Companion as Lisa
1991: Grand Canyon as Dee
1991: Fried Green Tomatoes as Ruth Jamison
1993: Mr. Wonderful as Rita
1994: The Client as Dianne Sway
1994: Bullets Over Broadway as Ellen
1995: Boys on the Side
1996: The Portrait of a Lady as Henrietta Stackpole
1998: Goodbye Lover as Peggy Blane
1999: Let the Devil Wear Black as Julia Hirsch
2002: Red Dragon as Molly Graham
2004: Saved! as Lillian
2005: Romance & Cigarettes as Constance
2007: The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford as Zee James
2008: The Spiderwick Chronicles as Helen Grace
2009: Solitary Man as Jordan
Television
1975: Ryan's Hope
2001–2006: The West Wing as Amy Gardner (23 episodes)
2003: Angels in America as Harper Pitt (six episodes)
2005–2009: Weeds as Nancy Botwin (61 episodes)

References

Other websites

 

1964 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from South Carolina
The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) is an American group that works to make sure that LGBT are not made to look bad in the media, and works so that the public are more accepting of LGBT people. It was founded in 1985 in New York City  after there were a lot of negative reports about LGBT people, after the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. Their policies are for the freedom to be homosexual and not be judged.

History
The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation was started in 1985 in New York City. After the start of the AIDS epidemic, several newspapers, like the New York Post wrote reports that some people thought were homophobic and unfair. The Alliance was founded to protest against such negative coverage in the media.
Because of this, a group of people decided to band together and begin a group to change things. They were Vito Russo, Gregory Kolovakos, Darryl Rist, Allen Barnett and Jewelle Gomez. They named their group the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. At first they were more concerned with changing the way that stories about AIDS were reported to the public. As the group grew, they began to work with people in the entertainment industry to change the way that gay and lesbian people were made to look on films and on television.

GLAAD Media Awards
Every year, GLAAD hosts a ceremony where GLAAD Media Awards are given to people in the media and in entertainment that have represented LGBT people and issues fairly. Since 2009, there have been three ceremonies every year, one each in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.

References

Other websites

LGBT in the United States
Organizations in New York City
1985 establishments in New York (state)
Civil rights organizations based in the United States
Don Carlos is an opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi. It was composed to a libretto in the French language by Camille du Locle and Joseph Méry. It was based on a famous German play called Don Carlos, Infante of Spain by Friedrich Schiller. Schiller’s story is based on the true story of the life of Carlos, Prince of Asturias (1545-1568) who was promised that he could marry Elisabeth of Valois, but then his father,Philip II of Spain, changed his mind and married her himself. It was part of the peace treaty ending the Italian War of 1551-1559 between the Houses of Habsburg and Valois.

The opera was first performed at the Théâtre Impérial de l’Opéra in Paris on 11 March 1867. It has five acts.
Don Carlos was written for performance in Paris. This has made a problem for the reputation of the opera, because it was tradition in France to write very long operas. They always included a lot of ballet music as well as the singing. Verdi’s opera was in five acts, and when it was performed in other countries it was too long for people’s tastes, so many cuts were made, including, at first, the whole of Act I. This is a great pity, because a lot of the music in Act One is very important, with tunes which also come later in the opera. Since the beginning of the 20th century most of the music of Act I is usually performed. There have been many different versions performed, with different parts of the opera cut. When the opera is sung in Italian it is called Don Carlo.

Roles
Roles

The story of the opera 
The story takes place at a time when Spain is just coming to the end of a war with France. It has been agreed between the two countries that Don Carlos, heir to the Spanish throne, will marry Elisabeth, the daughter of the King of France.

Act I 
Don Carlos wants to see the girl he is to marry. He goes to France and, secretly, joins a royal hunt in which Elisabeth is taking part. Elisabeth and her page are separated from the others. Carlos speaks to her and offers to take her home. The princess asks him about the prince she is to marry. Carlos says that she need not worry because the prince is kind and in love with her. He then shows Elisabeth a photo of the prince, and then Elisabeth of course realizes that it is the prince she is talking to. They sing a love duet.
Some Spanish officials then come and tell Elisabeth that it has been decided that she is not to marry the prince: she is to marry his father, the king of Spain. The two lovers are dismayed at this news. The crowd of people beg Elisabeth to agree to marrying the King of Spain, so that the war will stop. In the end she agrees.

Act II 
Don Carlos has gone to a monastery so that he can be quiet in his misery. His grandfather, Charles V, had spent his last days in this monastery. A monk talks to him. Carlos thinks the monk looks like his grandfather.

Carlos is filled with joy when his friend Rodrigue comes. He has just come back from Flanders, where there is still a lot of fighting. Carlos tells him a secret: that he is in love with Elisabeth who has now married his father and is therefore Queen of Spain. Rodrigue tells him he should spend his time helping the poor people of Flanders. The King and Queen process past the tomb.
Carlos is given a chance to meet Elisabeth privately. He calmly asks her whether she could persuade the King to send him to Flanders. However, he is not really calm, and soon he starts to be angry with her for not showing any love feelings towards him. She tells him that it is her duty now that she is Queen. Carlos understands, but is still in love with her. He falls at her feet. He grabs her and declares his love for her, but the Queen tears herself from him and he rushes off in despair.

The Kings comes out of church. He is very cross that his wife has been left on her own. He tells the lady-in-waiting to go away. The Queen comforts her. Then she and her ladies go.

Rodrigue asks the King to stop fighting the people of Flanders who are still dying and starving from hunger. The King says they were not faithful and deserve to be punished. He tells Rodrigue that he is afraid of what is going on between Elisabeth and Carlos. He tells him to be aware of the Inquisition.
Act III 
A masked ball is taking place at the palace in Madrid. Carlos is waiting in the Queen’s garden. A lady comes to the garden, wearing a mask, like everyone else. He thinks it is the Queen and tells her how he loves her. When the lady takes her mask off he realizes it is Eboli. She accuses him of loving the Queen. At that moment Rodrigue comes. He says to Eboli that Carlos is not well and does not understand what he is talking about. But Eboli is not deceived and plans to ruin their love affair.
The second scene of the act takes place in a square in Madrid. An auto-da-fé is being prepared. During the time of the Spanish Inquisition this was a ceremony in which anyone who did not agree with the Roman Catholic church was burnt to death. Monks enter, followed by the unfortunate people who are going to be burnt. The people sing about the glories of Spain. King Philippe appears and repeats how he will fight against anyone who is an enemy of the Roman Catholic Church. Six people, including Carlos, appear and fling themselves at his feet, begging him to stop his troops from killing the Flemish people. The King will not hear of it. Some of the crowd support the king, but others are begging him to have mercy. Carlos then asks his father to allow him to rule Flanders for him. The King does not allow this, because he realizes that this could be an opportunity for Carlos and the Flemish people to rise against him. Carlos is desperate. He draws his sword and says that he will save Flanders
. The crowd are terrified to see him behave like this in front of the King. The King commands his soldiers to take the sword away from Carlos, but no one obeys him. In the end, Rodrigue (who realizes that this is going to be bad for him) saves the situation by calmly asking Carlos for the sword. He hands it over and Rodrigue gives it to the King. The monks process farther, and a voice from heaven promises peace in the world to come.
ActIV 
The King is alone in church. In a wonderful aria he sings of his sadness that his wife does not seem to love him. The Grand Inquisitor comes in. He is very old, and blind. The King tells him about his son, and asks the Inquisitor whether Carlos should be forgiven or sentenced to death. The Inquisitor answers that it is Rodrigue who should be killed. The king dares to disagree. The Inquisitor tells the King that he is not giving his heart to God. The Inquisitor goes.
The Queen rushes in and asks the King to help her look for a casket of jewels which have disappeared from her room. The King shows her that it is on the table. He tells her she must open it. She does so. At the top is a portrait of Carlos. The King is very angry and accuses her of adultery. She faints. The King calles Eboli and Rodrigue for help. The King feels sorry for his suspicion, but Eboli feels even more sorry because it was she who had taken the casket because she was jealous of Carlos and Elisabeth. It was she who had suggested the King should look in the jewel case. Rodrigue feels he can only save his friend by offering himself to be killed instead of Carlos. The King and Rodrigue leave. Eboli throws herself at the feet of the Queen, who has now revived, and confesses that she herself is guilty of adultery because she had slept with the king. Elisabeth remains calm, but tells Eboli to go away from her for ever and to live in a nunnery
. When Eboli is left alone she expresses her feelings of terribly misery. Before she goes to the nunnery she has one more thing to do: to try to save Carlos from being put to death.
The second scene of the act shows Carlos in prison. Rodrigue comes to him. He knows that Flemish letters addressed to Carlos have been found in his possession. Someone comes in and kills Rodrigue. As he dies, he tells Carlos that the Queen will wait for him the next day outside the nunnery and will see him for the last time. He dies.

Sometimes Act IV ends here, but some performances continue to show a scene in which the King tries to give the sword back to his son, but Carlos accuses him of having murdered his friend. A group of people, including Eboli, enter the prison and cry to the King to set Carlos free. The Inquisitor appears. He tells the crowd angrily that they are wicked to go against God’s will. He tells them all to go down on their knees and repent.
Act V 
Elisabeth kneels before the tomb of Charles V. She sings of her lost youth in France (some of the music from Act I comes back here). She prays for peace. Elisabeth and Carlos then meet for the last time (their third duet in the opera) and wish for happier times. The King and the Inquisitor have been hiding. They now appear and grab Carlos. The guards are told to grab him, but Carlos defends himself. Suddenly the voice of Charles V (or a monk in disguise) is heard. He takes his grandson into the safety of the cloister.

Evaluation 
Don Carlos is a great opera. It has some of Verdi’s greatest music, especially the music of Act IV scene i, in which the events of the previous acts are all brought together. There are some wonderful duets (three duets for Carlos and Elisabeth) and some great bass arias. However, the opera is very long, but it is difficult to cut any of the singing without spoiling the drama.
Some people feel that the end of the opera is weak. In Schiller’s play there is a different ending. Carlos is handed over to the Inquisition and put to death.

References 
 The New Kobbe’s Opera Book, ed. The Earl of Harewood and Antony Peattie. London: Ebury Press, 

Operas set in Spain
Compositions by Giuseppe Verdi
1860s operas
Don Carlos is an opera by Giuseppe Verdi, also known as Don Carlo.

Don Carlos or Don Carlo may also refer to:

People
 Carlo Gesualdo (1566–1613), also known as Don Carlo Gesualdo, Italian music composer, murderer
 Don Carlos (basketball), American basketball player
 Carlos, Prince of Asturias (1545–1568)
 Don Carlos (1788–1855), Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
 Don Carlos Hugo (born 1930), Carlos Hugo of Bourbon, Duke of Parma
 Don Carlos (musician) (fl. late 20th century), Jamaican singer
 Don Carlos Smith, brother of Latter Day Saint leader Joseph Smith, Jr.

Other
Don Carlos (play), historical tragedy by Friedrich Schiller
Don Carlos, Bukidnon, Philippine municipality
Don Carlos (Miracle Giants Dome-kun), fictional character from Miracle Giants Dome-kun anime
Carlos, Prince of Asturias, also known as Don Carlos (8 July 1545 – 24 July 1568), was the oldest son of King Philip II of Spain. He was heir apparent to the throne. His mother was Maria Manuela of Portugal. She was the daughter of John III of Portugal. 

Carlos went mad and so his father put him in prison in early 1568.  Carlos died after half a year of solitary confinement. His sad fate became a theme for a play by Friedrich Schiller and an opera by Giuseppe Verdi.

1545 births
1568 deaths
Princes and Princesses of Asturias
People from Valladolid
Don Carlos () is a historical tragedy in five acts by Friedrich Schiller. It was written between 1783 and 1787. The main person in the play is Carlos, Prince of Asturias.

The play is about historical events in the 16th century under the reign of king Philip II of Spain.

The play was very different from the earlier ones that Schiller had written.  It was written in iambic verse.  It is a story about intrigue and misunderstanding.

In the play, Don Carlos loves his father's wife Elisabeth.  The queen's lady-in-waiting Eboli loves Carlos.  In the end, the Inquisition deliver a death sentence on Carlos.

Several operas have been composed on the basis of the play, including Don Carlos (also known as Don Carlo) by Giuseppe Verdi.

German plays
18th-century plays
1780s works
Gloria Frances Stewart (July 4, 1910 – September 26, 2010) also known as Gloria Stuart, was an American actress. She was one of the actors who set up the Screen Actors Guild. She became famous again when she had a part in the 1997 movie Titanic.

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The Spanish Inquisition was a tribunal started in 1478 in Spain.  It was started by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, with the assistance of Tomás de Torquemada.  During the Spanish Inquisition many people were burnt in front of crowds in the streets. In practice, the Spanish Inquisition served to consolidate power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom, but it achieved that end through infamously brutal methods.
The rulers of Spain asked the Pope to start the Inquisition to catch Jews who pretended to be Christians. In 1492 they commanded all morisco to leave Spain. Many left, but many stayed and said they were Christians. The Inquisition became busy deciding which ones were lying. In 1502 the Muslims were also ordered out. Some parts of Spain actually enforced this order. When Protestants appeared, the Inquisition said they were just pretending to be Christians. Most trials ended with the defendant simply giving up his beliefs and being let go. The Inquisition became less active in later years and was completely abolished in 1834.

related pages 
 Inquisition
 

Discrimination
Courts (law)
Catholicism
1478 establishments
1470s establishments in Europe
Establishments in Spain
1834 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in Europe
Law of Spain
History of Spain
George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a Major general in Union army during the American Civil War.  In 1861 and 1862, he was in charge of the Army of the Potomac.  He led the Peninsular Campaign, an attempt to take Richmond, Virginia that didn't work.  Though he won the Battle of Antietam, he did not get along with President Abraham Lincoln, who fired him.  After he stopped being a general, he became a politician, and ran against Lincoln in the 1864 election.  He was later Governor of New Jersey, though he was originally from Pennsylvania.  He was also a prominent engineer, and was offered the job as President of the University of California.

He was seen as slow and thought all his fights through, training his soldiers very long. He was too slow acting for Abraham Lincoln's taste, who fired him several times. Mrs. Lincoln despised him greatly, therefore an influence of Mr. Lincoln's decision.

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Richard Green Lugar (April 4, 1932 – April 28, 2019) was an American politician. He served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1977 to 2013. He was on the Foreign Relations Committee. Before becoming a Senator, he was mayor of Indianapolis. Lugar ran for an eighth term in 2012, but lost the Republican primary on May 8, 2012 to Richard Mourdock.

Lugar ran for President of the United States in 1996 but lost the Republican nomination to Bob Dole.

Lugar died on April 28, 2019 in Falls Church, Virginia, from problems caused by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. He was 87.

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Jesse Helms (October 18, 1921 - July 4, 2008) was a Senator from North Carolina. He was also the longest serving senator from that state, serving five terms. He opposed school integration, the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, interracial marriage, civil rights, feminism, gay rights, disability rights, affirmative action, tax increases, abortion, the United Nations, foreign aid, communism, and giving government money to art that had nudity in it. This gave him the nickname 'Senator No'.  He and Strom Thurmond were leaders of the extreme conservatives (people who believe very strongly in right-wing beliefs).  Before being a Senator, he was a writer.
Death
He had many problems with his health, including prostate cancer and Paget's disease. He remained in poor health after retirement. He began to have failing memory and confusion. At last, he was moved to a nursing home near his home in Raleigh, North Carolina On July 4, 2008, Helms died of vascular dementia at the age of 86.  He is buried in Historic Oakwood Cemetery in Raleigh, North Carolina.

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Rita Mae Brown (born November 28, 1944) is an American writer.  She is best known for her first novel Rubyfruit Jungle. It was published in 1973 and was a story about a young lesbian woman. At the time, it was quite unusual for novels to be about lesbian themes.  Brown is also a mystery writer and an Emmy-nominated screenwriter.

Early life
Brown was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Florida. In 2004 she was living outside Charlottesville, Virginia.

In the 1960s, Brown went to the University of Florida but transferred. She moved to New York and went to New York University, where she got a degree in classics and English. Later she got another degree in cinematography from the New York School of Visual Arts. She also got a doctorate in political science from the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, D.C.