Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Viti wrinkled ground frog, Fiji land frog or Fiji ground frog (Cornufer vitianus) is a frog. It lives in some of the Fiji Islands.  Scientists have seen it between 0 and 830 meters above sea level.

The adult female frog is about 48.8-110 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult male frog is 25-59.7 mm long.  It has disks on its toes for climbing.  It has teeth in both its upper and lower jaw.  This frog can be different colors.  Some are brown.  Some are red-brown.  Some are green-brown.  Some are dark brown.  Most of them have a mark in the shape of an X and a white spot on their backs.  Some have a white stripe in the middle of the back.  The belly is lighter in color.

The female frog lays eggs on the ground.  She hides them in rotten dead tree trunks.  She lays about 40 eggs at a time.

This frog can swim and jump very well.  When the frog thinks it is in danger, it puffs itself full of air to look bigger.  It stores water in its bladder and lets it outs before jumping.
There are fewer of this frog than there were.  This is because human beings change the places where the frog lives and because of other animals that want to eat it.  Some of these animals have lived in the Fiji islands for a long time.  Others came there because humans brought them.  The most important predators are the mongoose, rat, cat, and cane toad.  Now, this frog only lives on islands where there are no mongoose.

References

Frogs of Oceania
According to the canonical Gospels of Christianity, Calvary (also known as Golgotha) was the hill near Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified.

Related pages 

 Crucifixion of Jesus

References 

New Testament
"Wake Up Dead" is a song by Megadeth, an American thrash metal band. It was a single from their second album, Peace Sells... but Who's Buying? (1986). It was written by Dave Mustaine. The band plays the song at many of their concerts. It is one of the songs that they play the most. The song went on the UK Singles Chart in 1986. 

In 2022, Lamb of God made a cover version of the song with Mustaine. It was released on April 1, 2022.

Track listing 
"Wake Up Dead" was released as a single. It was released on 7-inch and 12-inch vinyl records. It was also released on cassette.

7-inch edition
 "Wake Up Dead"
 "Good Mourning/Black Friday"

12-inch edition

 "Wake Up Dead"
 "Black Friday (Live)
 "Devils Island (Live)

Cassette edition

 "Wake Up Dead"
 "Black Friday (Live)
 "Devils Island (Live)

References 

Megadeth songs
1986 songs
The coat of many colours is the usual English translation of the Hebrew term ketonet passim (כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים), an item of clothing given to Joseph, the son of Jacob in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Genesis, as a symbol of his love. The traditional reading of this story is that Joseph's brothers became jealous of this coat, among other things, and therefore sold Joseph into slavery.

Related pages 
 Esau

Notes

References 

Bible
"Skin o' My Teeth" is a song by Megadeth, an American thrash metal band. It is a single from the band's fifth album, Countdown to Extinction (1992). It was released as a single in 1993. It is the shortest song on the album. The name of the song is based on the term "skin of my teeth".

The song went on the UK Singles Chart in 1992. It reached number 13 on the chart.

Track listing 
"Skin o' My Teeth" was released as a single. It was released on 7-inch and 10-inch vinyl records. It was also released on compact disc (CD) two times.

7-inch edition

 "Skin o' My Teeth"
 "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" (General Schwarzkopf Mix)

10-inch edition

 "Skin o' My Teeth"
 "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" (General Schwarzkopf Mix)
 "High Speed Dirt" (live)
 "Mustaine Remarks on Megadeth Game"

CD edition 1

 "Skin o' My Teeth"
 "Lucretia" (live)
 "Skin o' My Teeth" (live)

CD edition 2

 "Skin o' My Teeth"
 "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" (General Schwarzkopf Mix)
 "High Speed Dirt" (live)

References
References 

Megadeth songs
1992 songs
According to the New Testament, a woven crown of thorns ( or ) was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to his crucifixion. It was one of the instruments of the Passion, used by Jesus' captors both to cause him pain and to mock his claim of authority. It is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew (Matthew 27:29), Mark (Mark 15:17) and John (John 19:2, 19:5), and is often alluded to by the early Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen and others, and was referenced in the apocryphal Gospel of Peter.

References
A lynching postcard is a postcard showing a lynching. Lynchings are extrajudicial killings, and are often driven by racial hatred. Like other postcards, these postcards were intended to be souvenirs. These postcards often had racist texts written on them. Lynching postcards were popular in the United States, and the US Postal Service was forbidden from distributing them in 1908.

Background 
Many lynchings had a racist background. White racists used them as propaganda. Lynchings were most common between the 1880s and the 1940s. At first, they were used to intimidate African Americans, who had more rights after the civil war. Later they were also used to intimidate voters and civil rights workers, independently of their race. The common practice was that a mob would force them out of their homes, or from prison cells, and then murder them. This happened without a trial.
Like with other events of the time, postcards were made about the event. Often, the people taking the photographs were those killing the victims.

In a typical lynching postcard, the victim is displayed prominently at the center of the shot, smiling spectators, often including children, are at the margins of the frame. Facial expressions suggesting remorse, guilt, shame, or regret are rare.

References

Sources 
 

Lynching
Daniel in the lions' den refers to a story in Chapter 6 of the Book of Daniel in the Bible. Daniel – a noble Jewish youth and Biblical prophet – continues to pray to the God of Israel instead of his royal master, Darius the Mede. As a result, he is sent into a den of lions to be eaten. However, an angel sent by God saves Daniel and he emerged miraculously unharmed the next day. 

By analogy, Daniel's situation has become an English language idiom for a hostile environment.

References 

Bible
Hebrew Bible
Background
"Here's to Never Growing Up" was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher, and the song's producer Martin Johnson. The song was recorded in early 2013 at Henson Recording Studios. Lavigne announced the song would be released as the lead single from her fifth studio album on 8 February 2013 via Twitter. On 20 March 2013, Lavigne announced that the song's scheduled release date would be 9 April 2013, and she released an 11-second snippet of the song. Lavigne later released the official artwork for the single via Twitter on 3 April 2013. On 6 April 2013, Epic Records released a 19-second snippet of the track and official lyric video. The song premiered on iTunes on 9 April 2013, and received its radio premiere the same day on On Air with Ryan Seacrest. The official lyric video for "Here’s to Never Growing Up", which is made up entirely of fan-submitted photos and videos, was also released on 9 April 2013.

2013 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Daniel is the central figure of the Book of Daniel in the Old Testament of the Bible. He is considered a prophet in Christianity and Islam, but not Judaism; however, Jewish sources describe Daniel as a hero and the most distinguished member of the Babylonian diaspora.

Related pages 
 Daniel in the lions' den
 
 
 Prophets in Islam

References 

Hebrew Bible
"Hello Kitty" is a song by the Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It is from her fifth studio album Avril Lavigne (2013). 

It was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger, David Hodges and Martin Johnson, while the song was produced by Kroeer, Hodges, and additional production by Brandon Paddock and Kyle Moorman. Musically, "Hello Kitty" is a bubblegum pop song heavily influenced by hard rock and pop punk, while featuring a dubstep-influenced drop. The song stands out as Lavigne's first electronic experimental track in her career to date. The song is about an "aggressive" love affair with the fictional character, where it includes Lavigne commenting on sleepovers, having fun and eating. The song was influenced with her obsession with all things kitty like
Reviews
Upon its flagship release with the album, "Hello Kitty" received polarizing reviews from contemporary music critics. Many found it interesting and compared the experimental production. But some dismissed this and criticized the lyrical content and felt that it failed to make a positive impression. The song charted at number 84 on the South Korean Gaon Chart. An official lyric video was released on Lavigne's YouTube account on January 19.
Background and composition 
Three months after the release of Goodbye Lullaby, Lavigne announced that she had already begun on her fifth studio album, with eight songs written so far. Lavigne stated that musically the album would be the opposite of Goodbye Lullaby, with a rumoured released date of sometime in 2012. Lavigne explained, "Goodbye Lullaby was more mellow, [but] the next one will be pop and more fun again. I already have a song that I know is going to be a single, I just need to re-record it!" It was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger, David Hodges and Martin Johnson, while the song was produced by Kroeer, Hodges and additional production by Brandon Paddock and Kyle Moorman. The song was engineered by John Hanes, musical mixed by Serban Ghenea and additional programming was held by Paddick and Moorman.
Musically, "Hello Kitty" is known to be Lavigne's most experimental track to date, as its musical influences are inspired by bubblegum pop, pop punk and dubstep. In an interview, Lavigne said about her collaboration with Kroeger; "I have a song called [Hello Kitty], which I wrote about [Hello Kitty] because I’m obsessed, and it’s a really fun thing that I’ve never done before. It kind of has a kind of glitchy, electronic feel to it and it’s... the only one on the record that sounds like that. It’s really different and a lot of my friends I’ve played it for really like it. I’m having a lot of fun with that one." Lyrically, Lavigne told Digital Spy; "'Hello Kitty' was such an interesting topic and subject [...] It was really exciting for me. I didn't want it to sound like anything I'd done before. I wanted it to sound over the top so I ended up hiring a new producer to help me with it
." She was later asked about the double meaning abut the song, to which she responded "Obviously it's flirtatious and somewhat sexual, but it's genuinely about my love for Hello Kitty as well." Additonally, she said at MuchMusic "It’s really fun [and] it’s about a slumber party and loving the kitty."
Entertainment Weekly's Nick Catucci exclaimed "Hello Kitty," a dubstep track that seems to acknowledge its own tokenism by adopting a "J-Pop American Funtime Now!" sheem (and whose title may or may not enclose a double entendre that in any case I’d rather not entertain) [...]" Craig Manning from AbsoultePunk said "The biggest leap of faith is made on “Hello Kitty,” a trippy patchwork of EDM and pop that pays loving tribute to Lavigne's sizable Japanese following." Muumuse's Bradley Stern had discussed the song in a lengthy review and explained; "Hello Kitty" is an offbeat EDM-infused stomper. Conjuring Gwen Stefani's lively Japanese-minded Love.Angel.Music.Baby (plus a Fashionable Dubstep Breakdown for good measure!), Avril lets her love affair for the beloved Japanese mascot go wild across pulsing beats and sputtering electronica as she shouts outs hilarious commands: "Like a fat kid on a pack of smarties / Someone chuck a cupcake at me!" He also referred Lavigne's nature towards the song as "insane".
References 

Avril Lavigne songs
2013 songs
Karl Adamek (23 July 1910 in Vienna – 8 January 2000) was an Austrian footballer and manager. He played as defender for different teams in Vienna and from 1933 till 1935 for Le Havre AC in France.

Career
Karl  Adamek was a trained butcher and  waiter. He began his career as a football player with Brigittenauer AC and switched to the well-known Wiener AC for two years in 1929. After a short time with Floridsdorfer AC, he went back to Brigittenau. !932-22 he played for Austria Wien. In this time he debuted for the Austrian national football team in a 4-3 away win on 17 July 1932. He played eight matches for Austria.
In the winter of 1933 he left Austria and played for Le Havre, France, in the second division. However, his international career was interrupted by this transfer, as footballers playing abroad were rarely named in the national team at that time. Before he ended his active career after the 1946/47 season, Adamek celebrated his third runner-up title in the second post-war championship with Austria Wien and reached  the cup final for the last time, which they lost 4-3 to SC Wacker Wien.
After the end of his playing career, Karl Adamek turned into a successful coach. From 1952 to 1957 managed  IFK Norrköping in Sweden. Then he coached Austria Wien. 1958 he took over the second division club Atalanta Bergamo in Italy and led it back into the first division. Other coaching stations Adameks abroad were Norway  (	Örgryte IS, Bodø/Glimt, HamKam)  and Switzerland (FC Biel). Adamek's next stop was at Sturm Graz, with whom he was promoted to the Staatsliga in July 1966 after taking over the club in January 1965. At the beginning of the 1970s he coached SV Heid Stockerau.

Other websites

Player profile at Austria-Archiv.at 
Manager profile at Austria-Archiv.at

References

1910 births
2000 deaths
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football managers
FK Austria Wien managers
SK Sturm Graz managers
Association football defenders
FK Austria Wien players
Austrian football defenders
LaFace Records was an American record label. It was owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment. 

LaFace was formed in 1989 as a joint venture between the producer duo Antonio "'L.A." Reid and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Arista Records. The combined nicknames of the duo's successful production company inspired the name of the label.  

LaFace became a successful label throughout the 1990s, responsible for producing popular artists such as TLC, Toni Braxton, OutKast, Pink, Usher, Goodie Mob, Ciara, Donell Jones, Pressha and Cee-Lo Green. Towards the end of the decade, LaFace produced fewer artists and Babyface began to focus more on his own music career. 

In 2011, LaFace became defunct.

1989 establishments in the United States
2011 disestablishments in the United States
American record labels
urgenba buj oid (born November 28, 1979), better known by his stage name Chamillionaire (pronounced Ka-MIL-yin-air; a portmanteau of "chameleon" and "millionaire") is an American rapper, CEO, singer and musician from Houston, Texas and the CEO of Chamillitary Entertainment. 

He stated that his goal is to show that the South can produce quality lyricists. He is also a hook writer and generally sings and harmonizes with himself (using vocals from various tracks) on his own hooks. Chamillionaire is a founder and original member of The Color Changin' Click. In 2007, he won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for his number-one single "Ridin'", a number-one hit in the United States for two weeks in 2006. He is a former artist on Michael 5000 Watts' Swishahouse label.
Early life
Hakeem Seriki was born November 28, 1979 in Washington, D.C. to a Nigerian immigrant father and an Nigerian-American mother. He moved to Houston, Texas at the age of four. Before becoming a rapper, he worked numerous jobs, including stocking trucks and transporting blood and urine for a medical lab.

Chamillionaire said he originally lived in a section of Houston zoned for Eisenhower High School and his parents moved to the Jersey Village High School attendance zone, so he could play in a more advanced basketball program; he attended Jersey Village.

References

1979 births
Grammy Award winners
American hip hop singers
Living people
Singers from Texas
Singers from Washington, D.C.
There were several cases of mob-related violence, after rumours of child abduction and organ harvesting. The cases happened in rural India. They are known as Indian WhatsApp lynchings today. The application WhatsApp, which runs on mobile phones was used to spread the rumours.

The murders started in May 2017, when seven men were killed in  Jharkhand. These cases did not get national attention until the following year. 

The messages that are circulated are false. They contain some local details. Sometimes a real video is attached to the message, or claim.  

In almost all of the lynching locations, no child abductions had been recorded in the previous three months.
Most of the attacks have occurred  in villages. The lynch mobs included men, women and children. In some cases the mobs were composed largely of illiterate or poorly educated men that were unemployed or working as day labourers; often,  they were under the influence of alcohol at the time of the attack. In at least some of the cases prime instigators have used child-abduction fears to stir up the violence and settle old scores.

References 

Murder in India
2018 in India
2017 in India
Lynching
Shitao (,  – 1707), born Zhu Ruoji (), was a Chinese , calligrapher, painter and  of the early Qing dynasty. Alongside , he was one of China's most famous  painters of the early Qing dynsasty.

References

1642 births
1707 deaths
Chinese painters
David and Jonathan were, according to the Hebrew Bible's Books of Samuel, heroic figures of the Kingdom of Israel, who formed a covenant, taking a mutual oath.

 was the son of Saul, king of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin. David was the son of Jesse of Bethlehem, of the tribe of Judah. David became king after Jonathan, but because of their covenant, David seated Jonathan's son Mephibosheth at his own royal table instead of getting rid of the former king Saul's line.

The Bible does not explicitly depict the nature of the relationship between David and Jonathan. The traditional and mainstream religious interpretation of the relationship has been one of platonic love and an example of homosociality. Some later Medieval and Renaissance literature drew upon the story to underline strong personal friendships between men.

In modern times, some scholars, writers, and activists have emphasized what they see as elements of homoeroticism in the story.

Related pages 
 Homosexuality and religion

References
References 

Hebrew Bible
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historical anti-clericalism has mainly been opposed to the influence of Roman Catholicism. Anti-clericalism is related to secularism, which seeks to separate the church from public and political life.

References 

Secularism
Political movements
The Binding of Isaac (, ), or simply "The Binding" (, ), is a story from Genesis 22 of the Hebrew Bible. 

In the story, God tells Abraham to sacrifice his son, Isaac at Moriah. Abraham does this by binding (tying) Isaac to an altar, but is is stopped by an angel, who says "Do not lay a hand on the boy ... Do not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son". A ram (male sheep) appears instead, and is sacrificed instead.

In addition to being addressed by modern scholarship, this biblical episode has been the focus of a great deal of commentary in traditional sources of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

References 

Hebrew Bible
Richard Wright may refer to:

Arts
 Richard Wright (author) (1908–1960), African-American novelist
 Richard B. Wright (1937–2017), Canadian novelist
 Richard Wright (painter) (1735–1775), marine painter
 Richard Wright (artist) (born 1960), British artist and musician, band member of Correcto
 Richard Wright (musician) (1943–2008), founding member of Pink Floyd

Politics
 Richard Wright (MP) (1568–1639), MP for Dorchester from 1597 to 1598
 Richard L. Wright (born 1943), American political leader
 Richard R. Wright (1855–1947), American military officer, educator, politician, civil rights advocate, and banking entrepreneur

Sports
 Richard Wright (cricketer, born 1877) (1877–1942), English cricketer
 Richard Wright (cricketer, born 1903) (1903–1991), English cricketer
 Richard Wright (footballer) (born 1977), retired English football goalkeeper
Other
 Richard Wright (headmaster) (1572–1638), headmaster of Eaton College 1611
 Richard Wright (Unitarian) (1764–1836), Unitarian minister
 Richard Cotsman Wright (1841–1921), Canadian architect
 Richard R. Wright Jr. (1878–1967), American sociologist
 Richard T. Wright (born 1951), American criminologist
 Orville Wilbur Richard "Rick" Wright, a character in the TV series Magnum, P.I., named Orville "Rick" Wright in the 2018 series reboot

See also 
 Dick Wright (disambiguation)
 Ricky Wright (disambiguation)
Richard Nathaniel Wright (September 4, 1908 – November 28, 1960) was an American author best known for his novels that talk about the discrimination and violence experienced by many African Americans of the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. Literary critics believe his work helped change race relations in the United States in the mid-20th century.

References

Other links 
 The story of his life is retold in the radio drama "Black Boy", a presentation from Destination Freedom

1908 births
1960 deaths
20th-century American novelists
African-American people
American communists
American autobiographers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Mississippi
American socialists
American poets
Writers from Brooklyn
Deaths from coronary thrombosis
"Finest Worksong" is a 1988 song by alternative rock band R.E.M. and is the third and last single from their fifth studio album Document. It went to number 50 in the United Kingdom.

Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe.

7" single
 "Finest Worksong" – 3:50
 "Time After Time, Etc." (Live)1 – 8:22

12" single and 3" CD single
 "Finest Worksong" – 3:50
 "Time After Time, Etc." (Live)1 – 8:22
 "Finest Worksong" (Lengthy Club mix) – 5:52
 "Finest Worksong" (Other mix) – 3:47

UK CD single
 "Finest Worksong"
 "Time After Time, Etc." (Live)1
 "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"

Notes
1 Recorded at the Muziekcentrum Vredenburg, Utrecht, Netherlands; September 14, 1987, this live medley included "Time After Time (AnnElise)", a snippet of Peter Gabriel's "Red Rain" and "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)"

References

Rock songs
1988 songs
R.E.M. songs
The Reckoning is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Harry Solter, Florence Lawrence, and Mack Sennett. The movie is an adaptation of Robert W. Chambers's 1905 novel.

Actors
 Harry Solter as The Husband
 Florence Lawrence as The Wife
 Mack Sennett as The Lover
 Edward Dillon		
 George Gebhardt as The Bartender
 Robert Harron as Man in Crowd
 Arthur V. Johnson as Policeman

References

Other websites
 

1908 drama movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
The Red Girl is a 1908 American silent western movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Florence Lawrence, Charles Inslee, and Linda Arvidson.

Actors
 Florence Lawrence as The Red Girl
 Charles Inslee as The Red Girl's Husband
 Linda Arvidson as Woman in Second Bar
 Clara T. Bracy
 George Gebhardt as Indian / Man in First Bar / Man in Second Bar
 D. W. Griffith as Man on Footpath
 Arthur V. Johnson
 Anthony O'Sullivan
 Mack Sennett as Man in First Bar / Man in Second Bar
 Harry Solter as Bartender
 Marion Sunshine

References

Other websites
 

1908 movies
1900s Western (genre) movies
American silent movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
The Red Man and the Child is a 1908 American silent western movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Charles Inslee, John Tansey, and Linda Arvidson.

Actors
 Charles Inslee as The Sioux
 John Tansey as Child (as Johnny Tansey)
 Linda Arvidson as Woman
 George Gebhardt as Villain
 Harry Solter as Villain

References

Other websites
 

1908 movies
1900s Western (genre) movies
American silent movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
Rescued from an Eagle's Nest is a 1908 American silent action-drama movie directed by J. Searle Dawley and stars D. W. Griffith, Henry B. Walthall, Miss Earle, and Jinnie Frazer.

Actors
 D. W. Griffith as father
 Henry B. Walthall as fellow woodsman 
 Miss Earle as mother
 Jinnie Frazer as Baby

References

Other websites
 

1908 drama movies
1900s action movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
American action movies
Romance of a Jewess is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Florence Lawrence, George Gebhardt, and Gladys Egan.

Actors
 Florence Lawrence as Ruth Simonson
 George Gebhardt as Simon Bimberg
 Gladys Egan as The Daughter
 John R. Cumpson as Customer
 Guy Hedlund
 Arthur V. Johnson as In Bookstore/Matchmaker
 Alfred Paget
 Mack Sennett as Customer/In Bookstore/Doctor
 Harry Solter as Customer/Rubinstein

References

Other websites
 

1908 drama movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
Romeo and Juliet is a 1908 American silent horror movie directed by J. Stuart Blackton and stars Paul Panzer, Florence Lawrence, and John G. Adolfi.

Actors
 Paul Panzer - Romeo
 Florence Lawrence - Juliet
 John G. Adolfi - Tybalt
 Josephine Atkinson - Bit
 Louise Carver - Nurse
 Charles Chapman - Montague
 Gladys Hulette
 Charles Kent - Capulet
 William V. Ranous - Friar Lawrence
 William Shea - Peter
 Harry Solter
 Florence Turner

References

Other websites
 

American movies
1908 movies
American horror movies
American silent movies
Saved by Love is a 1908 American silent movie directed by Edwin S. Porter and stars Florence Turner, Pat O'Malley, Walter Edwin, and Miriam Nesbitt.

Actors
Florence Turner 
Pat O'Malley 
Walter Edwin
Miriam Nesbitt

References

Other websites
 

American movies
1908 movies
American silent movies
Skinner's Finish is a 1908 American silent comedy movie directed by Edwin S. Porter and stars Charles Inslee and William V. Ranous.

Actors
Charles Inslee
William V. Ranous

References

Other websites
 

American movies
1908 movies
American comedy movies
American silent movies
A Smoked Husband is a 1908 American silent comedy movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars John R. Cumpson, Florence Lawrence, and Linda Arvidson.

Actors
 John R. Cumpson as Mr. Bibbs
 Florence Lawrence as Mrs. Bibbs
 Linda Arvidson as Maid
 George Gebhardt as Man in Top Hat
 Robert Harron as Messenger
 Arthur V. Johnson as Policeman
 George Nichols
 Alfred Paget
 Mack Sennett as Man in Top Hat
 Harry Solter as Maid's Accomplice
 Kate Toncray as Mother

References

Other websites
 

1908 movies
1900s comedy movies
American comedy movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
Frank E. Woods was an American screenwriter of the silent era. He wrote for 90 movies between 1908 and 1925. He first became a writer with the Biograph Company. Woods was also a pioneering movie reviewer. As a writer, his changes to movie criticism are discussed in the 2009 documentary, For the Love of Movies: The Story of American Film Criticism. He was also known for his screenplay working with D. W. Griffith, including the co-scripting of The Birth of a Nation. He is buried in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, CA.

Woods was one of the 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Selected filmography 
 After Many Years (1908)
 Edgar Allen Poe (1909)
 Jones and His New Neighbors (1909)
 Mrs. Jones Entertains (1909)
 Mr. Jones Has a Card Party (1909)
 Resurrection (1909)
 The Sealed Room (1909)
 The Hessian Renegades (1909)
 Fools of Fate (1909)
 The Death Disc: A Story of the Cromwellian Period (1909)
 The Red Man's View (1909)
 A Corner in Wheat (1909)
 In Little Italy (1909)
 Nursing a Viper (1909)
 Priscilla's April Fool Joke (1911)
 Priscilla and the Umbrella (1911)
 The Country Lovers (1911)
 The White Rose of the Wilds (1911)
 The Left-Handed Man (1913)
 In Diplomatic Circles (1913)
 The Mirror (1913)
 The Stopped Clock (1913)
 Strongheart (1914)
 Judith of Bethulia (1914)
 Man's Enemy (1914)
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
 A Man’s Prerogative (1915)
 The Absentee (1915)
 The Little School Ma'am (1916)
 Intolerance (1916)
 The Children Pay (1916)
 Betsy's Burglar (1917)
 A Woman's Awakening (1917)
 Richard the Lion-Hearted (1923)
 What Shall I Do? (1924)
 Chalk Marks (1924)
Chalk Marks (1924)
 Beauty and the Bad Man (1925)
 Let Women Alone (1925)
References 

American screenwriters
1860 births
1939 deaths
Baroness Janine Delruelle-Ghobert (24 April 1931 – 16 December 2022) was a Belgian politician and judge.

As a politician she was a member of Liberal Reformist Party. She served as a member of the Senate from 1981 to 1991 and as a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1991 to 1992. Between 1992 and 2001 she was a judge of the French linguistic group at the Constitutional Court. She was one of the very few female judges at the Constitutional Court in the 20th-century.

Delruelle-Ghobert died in Ixelles on 16 December 2022, at the age of 91.

References

Other webistes
Delruelle-Ghobert at Dictionnaire des Wallons
Delruelle-Ghobert at 

1931 births
2022 deaths
Belgian politicians
Belgian judges
People from Ghent
Belgian nobility
Urosphen is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the early to middle Eocene.

Description 
Urosphen was slow like Nardoechelys. Despite its slow movement, it had different ways to attack other fishes. 

 It finds a place where the fish live. 
 It swims, chases, and hunts the fish. 
 It preys on the creature and eats it. 

If it weren't for the extinction of the other prehistoric Anguillidae, you might think that Urosphen would hunt other extant fish. It has a relative from Brazil and Asia called Urosphenopsis.
Extinct fish
Ray-finned fish
Nardoechelys is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish.

Description 
Nardoechelys was slow like Urosphen. Unlike the other genus, it was weak, which means that it couldn't attack other fishes. 
Extinct fish
Eels
Electrophorus varii, the Amazon conger, is a species of electric eel found in South America.

Taxonomy 
It was previously classified within Electrophorus electricus when that species was considered the only one in the genus Electrophorus, but a 2019 analysis described it and E. voltai as distinct species based on both their deep genetic divergences and differences in the voltage produced by each species. It is also thought to be the most basal member of the three Electrophorus species, diverging during the late Miocene.
Gymnotiformes
Animals of South America
Electrophorus voltai, the voltage conger, is a species of electric eel found in South America.

Description 
E. voltai is an electric eel. It is closely related to Electrophorus varii and Electrophorus electricus.

References

Gymnotiformes
"Someday I'll Be Saturday Night" is a 1995 song by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and taken from their 1994 greatest hits album Cross Road. It went to the top ten in the United Kingdom, Australia, Finland, Iceland and Ireland. It was the first single to feature Hugh McDonald.

Track list
 "Someday I'll Be Saturday Night" (Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, Desmond Child) - 4:39
 "Good Guys Don't Always Wear White" (Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora) - 4:29

German CD single
The German version of the CD single featured two more live songs recorded December 6, 1994, in St. Denis Theatre, Montreal, Canada.
Desmond Child is given writing credits on "Someday I'll be Saturday Night".  On at least one printing line of the single the title track was accidentally replaced with a live version of the same song.
References 
 "Someday I'll be Saturday Night" (Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, Desmond Child) - 4:38   [Running time of the live version is 4:45]
 "Good Guys Don't Always Wear White" (Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora) - 4:27
 "With a Little Help from My Friends" 'Live' (Lennon–McCartney) - 6-14
 "Always" 'Live' (Jon Bon Jovi) - 5-52

References

1995 songs
Bon Jovi songs
Walser German (Walserdeutsch) is the name for a number of Germanic dialects, which are spoken in the Swiss canton Valais, and in settlements the group called Walser founded.  They are part of a dialect group called Highest Alemannic German. There are about 80.000 speakers, most of them in the upper part of Valais (Oberwallis). 

The  Germanic dialects spoken in the Italian Aosta Valley, parts of Piedmont, as well as parts of Ticino are almost the same. The differences to the language of the settlements in Grisons, Liechtenstein and Vorarlberg are bigger, but there are still a large number of common words and phrases. 

German dialects
Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (26 May 1700 – 9 May 1760) was a German religious and social reformer, bishop of the Moravian Church, founder of the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine, Christian mission pioneer and a major figure of 18th century Protestantism.

1700 births
1760 deaths
Christian hymnwriters
Writers from Dresden
The House of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf was the name of an old and important noble family whose origins are in Austria. It is not to be mistaken with the princely House of Sinzendorf, as the two don't share same ancestry.

History 
The family was firstly mentioned in 1114 in a document written by Hermann von Vohburg, Bishop of Augsburg. Apart from their possessions in Austria, they also reigned over the Lordship of Pottendorf in Baden, which was incorporated into their name as Zinzendorf und Pottendorf. In 1460 they were awarded with the title of Baron by Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, while in 1662 they were raised to the dignity of Imperial Count by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Notable members 
 Count Christian Renatus von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (died 1752)
 Count Karl von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (died 1813), official in the Austrian government and diarist
 Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (died 1760), European religious and social reformer

surnames
Noble families
Clupeiformes is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family Clupeidae, and the anchovy family Engraulidae. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish. They are physostomes.

Description 
Clupeiformes are slightly slender in appearance. Some of them are deep-bodied, like the genus Pellona. While most of the Clupeiformes live in oceans, others are native to freshwater lakes.

Classification 
The order includes about 405 species in 11 families:

 Order Clupeiformes
 Suborder Denticipitoidei
 Family Denticipitidae (denticle herring)
 Suborder Clupeoidei
 Family Engraulidae (anchovies)
 Subfamily Coiliinae
 Subfamily Engraulinae
 Family Spratelloididae
 Family Pristigasteridae (longfin herrings)
 Subfamily Pristigasterinae
 Subfamily Pelloninae
 Family Chirocentridae (wolf herrings)
 Family Dussumieriidae (round herrings)
 Family Clupeidae (herrings)
 Family Ehiravidae
 Family Alosidae (shads, sardines and menhadens)
 Family Dorosomatidae

Species
Species

Atlantic herring 
Main article: Atlantic herring

The Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is a herring in the family Clupeidae.

Denticle herring 
Main article: Denticle herring

The denticle herring (Denticeps clupeoides) is a small species of ray-finned fish found only in the rivers of Benin, Nigeria, and western Cameroon.

Rainbow sardine 
Main article: Rainbow sardine

The rainbow sardine (Dussumieria acuta), also known as common sprat, is a species of round herring important to aquaculture.

Related pages 

 Otocephala
 Novumbra oregonensis
 Scombroclupea
 Kyphosichthys
 Scorpaeniformes
 Pieter Bleeker

References 

 Nelson, Gareth (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 91–95. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
 Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2011-05-17.

Other websites 

 Clupeiformes on FishBase
Engraulis is a genus of anchovies.

Type species 
Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy) 
Clupeiformes
Scombridae is a family of fish. It includes mackerel, tuna and bonito. The family includes many of the most important and well known fish that people eat. The family has 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. The subfamily Scombrinae contains all the fish in the family except the butterfly kingfish. It is the only member of the subfamily Gasterochismatinae.

Scombrids have two dorsal fins and many finlets behind the rear dorsal fin and anal fin. The caudal fin is divided and rigid. It has a thin, ridged base. The lengths of the fish in this family vary. The island mackerel is the smallest at . The largest recorded length is  for an Atlantic bluefin tuna.
Scombrids are usually predators. They are found in tropical and temperate waters. The fish can move very quickly. Some members of the family are partially endothermic (warm-blooded). This helps them to maintain high speed and activity. Other adaptations include a large amount of red muscle. It lets them to maintain activity over long periods of time. Scombrids like the yellowfin tuna can move as fast as 22 km/hr (14 mph).

Classification 

 Family Scombridae

 Subfamily Gasterochismatinae
 Genus Gasterochisma
 Subfamily Scombrinae
 Tribe Scombrini – mackerels
 Genus Rastrelliger
 Genus Scomber
 Tribe Scomberomorini – Spanish mackerels
 Genus Acanthocybium
 Genus Grammatorcynus
 Genus Orcynopsis
 Genus Scomberomorus
 Tribe Sardini – bonitos
 Genus Sarda
 Genus Cybiosarda
 Genus Gymnosarda
 Tribe Thunnini – tunas
 Genus Allothunnus
 Genus Auxis
 Genus Euthynnus
 Genus Katsuwonus
 Genus Thunnus

Scombriformes

References
Scombriformes is an order of bony fish that live in marine environments. They form part of the Pelagiaria clade. We usually call them mackerels.

Families 
The families placed under Scombriformes are:

 Order Scombriformes
 Suborder Scombroidei
 Family Gempylidae (snake mackerels and escolar)
 Family Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes)
 Subfamily Aphanopodinae
 Subfamily Lepidopodinae
 Subfamily Trichiurinae
 Family Sphyraenidae (barracudas)
 Family Istiophoridae (sailfish, marlins, and spearfish)
 Family Xiphiidae (swordfish)
 Family Gasterochismatidae (butterfly kingfish)
 Family Scombridae (mackerels and tunas)
 Suborder Stromateoidei
 Family Amarsipidae (the amarsipa)
 Family Centrolophidae (medusafishes)
 Family Nomeidae (driftfishes)
 Family Ariommatidae (ariommatids)
 Family Tetragonuridae (squaretails)
 Family Stromateidae (butterfishes)

Other families 
In Betancur-R et al., 2017, the following additional families are placed under Scombriformes, which is considered synonymous with the Pelagiaria clade.
Family Arripidae (Australasian salmon (kahawai))
 Family Bramidae (pomfrets)
 Family Caristiidae (manefishes)
 Family Chiasmodontidae (swallowers)
 Family Icosteidae (the ragfish)
 Family Pomatomidae (the bluefish)
 Family Scombrolabracidae (the longfin escolar)
 Family Scombropidae (gnomefishes)

Related pages 

 Scombridae

References 

 Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). "Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World"(PDF) (5th ed.). Retrieved 10 May 2018.

Other websites 

 Scombriformes on English Wikipedia
Pelagiaria is a clade of fish that includes the order Scombriformes. 

Teleosts
The pike topminnow (Belonesox belizanus), more commonly known as pike killifish or topminnow, is a species of fish found from in Central America, Mexico to Nicaragua. It has been introduced to Florida, USA. It is the only known living member of its genus.

Description 
The pike topminnow looks like a pike. It is a specialized predator, with an extremely flexible upper jaw that lets it take large prey. If you keep it in an aquarium, it might prey on your fish.

Related pages 

 Blackstripe topminnow
 Knightia

References 

 "Pike Killifish". Florida Museum. 2020-04-14. Retrieved 2022-04-30.

Other websites 

 Pike topminnow on English Wikipedia
 Pike Killifish (Belonesox belizanus) - Species Profile

Freshwater fish
Cyprinodontiformes
Fish of Central America
A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is usually defined as a particle of matter between 1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter.

References
Anadama bread is a yeast bread found in the New England region of the United States. It is made with wheat flour, cornmeal, molasses and sometimes rye.

It was created before 1850 in Rockport, Massachusetts.

Breads
Cornmeal is a type of flour made from dried corn.

It is a popular ingredient in many foods. Cornmeal can be made in different consistencies. It is not as fine as wheat flour.

Flour
The Palau wrinkled ground frog (Cornufer pelewensis) is a frog. It lives in Micronesia on Palau.

The adult female frog is more than 60 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult male frog is 30-35 mm long.  The skin on its back can be tan, brown, or yellow.  It may have a pattern or not.  Sometimes there is pink or purple color where the legs meet the body but sometimes not.

The frogs live in many parts of Palau.  Palau is an archipelago, or group of islands.  The frogs live on all the larger islands and many of the small ones, but they do not live in the southwest.  Scientists have seen that the frogs do not live on some islands that have all the right food and other conditions. They do not know why the frogs do not live there too.

These frogs can live in places where human beings have changed the area.  They live in forests, but they spread out.  In back yards and farms, sometimes many frogs appear at the same time.
These frogs do not become tadpoles.  Instead, they hatch out of their eggs as small frogs.  Scientists do not know how the frogs mate.  Because the male frog is so much smaller than the female frog, the male frog cannot fertilize eggs by holding on to the female frog as she lays them.

References

Frogs of Oceania
Jhené Aiko Efuru Chilombo (/dʒəˈneɪ ˈaɪkoʊ/; born March 16, 1988) is an American singer. Aiko was born in Los Angeles, California. She is of Spanish, Dominican, Japanese, Native American, African-American, and German-Jewish descent.

She appeared in several music videos for R&B group B2K. In 2013, Aiko appeared on rapper Big Sean's single "Beware" with Lil Wayne, another rapper. 

Aiko released her first album on a major label, Souled Out, on September 9, 2014. On September 22, 2017, she released her second album, Trip. On March 6, 2020, she released her third album, Chilombo. The third album earned three Grammy Award nominations for Aiko, including Album of the Year.

References

1988 births
Living people
21st-century American singers
American child singers
American Christians
American contemporary R&B singers
African-American singers
Dominican Republic musicians
Japanese singers
Jewish German musicians
Singers from Los Angeles
Singer-songwriters from California
Spanish singer-songwriters
Pablo Giralt (Born, April 5, 1974) is an Argentine sports journalist, rapporteur and conductor. He is currently part of TVP, Telefe, DSports, TNT Sports and The CNN Radio Argentina.

Living people
Argentine journalists
The Charango is an instrument somewhat resembling a guitar, or a lute. It came from the Altiplano in South America, in the 16th century. It may have come from the city of Potosi, in Bolivia.
Usually, it has a length of , which makes it smaller than an Ukulele. Larger versions have been made too. It usually has four chords, and is plucked like a mandolin.

Plucked string instruments
Sedney "Jacky" Jakoba (25 September 1961 –  17 December 2022) was a Curaçao-Dutch baseball player.

Biography

Club career
Jakoba played with Quick in Amersfoort from 1982-1983. In 1983, he hit 13 homeruns for this club in one season, improving the Dutch record, held by Hudson John, with 12. From 1984 to 1987, he played with Neptunus in Rotterdam. In the 1984 season, he hit 24 homeruns, which is as of 2022 still Dutch national record. In 1988, he played with Almere Giants and in 1989 he signed a contract with Haarlem Nicols, but didn't play during the season. He played in Belgium with Antwerp Eagles. In 1990 he returned to the Netherlands and played with Sparta-Feyenoord in Rotterdam that season. In 1991 he played with SV ADO and in 1992 with with Quick in Amersfoort.
National team
Between 1984 and 1991 he was a member of the Netherlands national baseball team and played 84 matches. He made his debut at the 1984 Haarlem Baseball Week. He played with the national team three European Championships, four World Championships and played at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He further played three editions of the Haarlem Baseball Week and three World Port Tournaments. He became European champion in 1985 and 1987.

Personal life
Jakoba died in December 2022, at the age of 61.

References

Other websites
Dutch newspaper articles of Jacky Jakoba - via Delpher

Curaçao people
Baseball players
Dutch Olympians
1961 births
2022 deaths
The House of the Virgin Mary (Turkish: Meryem Ana Evi) is a Catholic and Muslim shrine on Mount Ala dağı also Bülbül dağı near Ephesus,  from Selçuk in Turkey. The house was discovered in the 19th century when the directions were followed in the alleged visions of the blessed Anna Katharina Emmerich (1774–1824), a Roman Catholic nun. These visions were published as a book after her death by Clemens Brentano. The Catholic Church never let him out in favor or against the authenticity of the house, but pilgrims have visited the place regularly since its discovery. Pope John Paul II beatified Emmerich on October 3, 2004. Catholic pilgrims visit the house in the belief that Mary, mother of Jesus, was taken there by John and that she lived there until her ascension. Already in 1896, Pope Leo XIII visited the house, and the most recent visit by a Pope was in 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI.

References
Televisión Pública (Public Television, abbreviated TVP) is a publicly owned Argentine television network, the national public broadcaster. It began broadcasting in 1951, when LR3 Radio Belgrano Televisión channel 7 in Buenos Aires, its key station and the first television station in the country, signed on the air.

Television networks
Bas Kuijlenburg (7 March 1962 – 17 December 2022) was a Dutch singer (bass-baritone) and conductor.

Biography
Kuijlenburg was born in 1962 and studied social sciences and later school music and solo singing at the Utrechts Conservatorium. After graduating, he took lessons with bass Pieter van den Berg.

Kuijlenburg sang many at the musical theater and opera. He sang as a choir member and soloist in several productions with Dutch National Opera. He also sang with BarokOpera Amsterdam, Opera per Tutti and Opera Animous. In the Dutch version of the musical Jesus Christ Superstar he played the role of high priest Kaiaphas. As a conductor, he led the Culemborgs Men's Choir in his hometown Culemborg for 15 years.

Kuijlenburg died after an head-on collision with an ambulance on 17 December 2022, at the age of 60.

References

Dutch singers
Dutch conductors
1962 births
2022 deaths
Place of death missing
Road accident deaths
Vernon Alphonsus Reid (born 22 August 1958) is an American guitarist and songwriter. Reid made the band Living Colour. He also writes most of the band's songs. In 2003, Rolling Stone said Reid was one of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. Reid has made music with many other musicians. He has made albums with people such as DJ Logic and Bill Frisell. He has also made albums by himself.

Reid has also worked as a music producer. He produced two albums that were nominated for Grammy Awards. These are Papa (1999) by Salif Keita and Memphis Blood: The Sun Sessions (2001) by James Blood Ulmer. He has played as a session musician (a musician that plays music with another band) for many bands.

References 

1958 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
Potosí is a city in Bolivia. In 2012, about 175.000 people lived there. Potosí is near the mountain Cerro Rico, which has silver deposits.  In the 17th century, the city grew rich by mining these deposits. At the time, it was one of the biggest cities in the world. Today, the city still depends on the deposits of silver and tin in the mountain. The city lies on the Altiplano, a steppe-like plain. It is at an altitude of  to  above sea level, which makes it one of the highest metropolises in the world. 

Cities in Bolivia
Potosí Department