Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Lorenzo 

On September 21, an area of convection developed in the western Caribbean Sea in association with a trough of low pressure.  Convection increased and a broad area of low pressure developed on September 22 as the convection moved northwestward towards the Yucatan Peninsula.  On September 23 the area of low pressure moved over the Yucatan Peninsula and was producing thunderstorms from the southern Gulf of Mexico to the northwestern Caribbean Sea.  Over the next few days the broad area of low pressure was moving erratically over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico but convection remained limited due to strong upper-level winds. By September 25 upper-level winds started to become more favorable for tropical cyclone formation and by that morning visible satellite imagery indicated that a tropical depression could be forming about 180 mi (290 km) east of Tampico, Mexico.
During the evening of September 25 a United States Air Force Hurricane Hunter aircraft found that the area of low pressure had developed into a tropical depression. The depression tracked slowly to the south and southwest into the Bay of Campeche. On September 26 convection increased and the depression was getting closer to being a tropical storm.  At 0300 UTC September 27 the Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch for parts of the Mexican Gulf Coast as the depression was forecasted to strengthen into a tropical storm. Rapid intensification took place on September 27, and the depression became Tropical Storm Lorenzo around midday. Continued intensification that afternoon brought Lorenzo to near hurricane intensity. Early that evening, less than 7 hours after first being upgraded to a tropical storm, it was upgraded to Hurricane Lorenzo. It hit land on Mexico a little while after.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Hurricane Lorenzo

Tropical Storm Melissa
An area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave near the Cape Verde islands developed into a tropical depression on September 28, after slowly developing for almost two days. Early the next day it strengthened to become Tropical Storm Melissa, the eighth named storm to form in September, tying the record for most storms to form in a month. It soon weakened under the influence of shearing winds.
 See the NHC's archive history on Tropical Storm Melissa.

Tropical Depression Fifteen 

On October 11, a tropical depression formed in the central Atlantic east of Bermuda out of a previously non-tropical low, which could possibly have involved the remnants of Tropical Storm Karen.  It dissipated without further development.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Depression Fifteen

Hurricane Noel
Hurricane Noel 

During the evening of October 27, a low pressure system that had been slowly developing over the eastern Caribbean gained enough organization to be declared Tropical Depression Sixteen. It steadily intensified and became a tropical storm on the afternoon of October 28. It made landfall in Haiti on October 29, and then meandered across the western Caribbean near Cuba for the next three days. Noel brought torrential rain to the region, killing at least 120 people. It then accelerated northeastward, passing through the Bahamas before strengthening to a hurricane on November 1. Noel began an extratropical transition on November 2. While sustained winds were still at category 1 strength, the NHC issued its final advisory that afternoon.  Meanwhile, the Canadian Hurricane Centre is still issuing advisories as it approaches Canadian territory.

Tropical Storm Olga
In the second week of December, after the official end of the hurricane season, a low developed east of the northernmost Lesser Antilles. It slowly acquired subtropical characteristics, and late on December 10, the NHC declared it Subtropical Storm Olga while just north of Puerto Rico. It is the first post-season storm since Tropical Storm Zeta in the 2005 season, making this season one of the few with activity both before and after the official bounds of the hurricane season. The storm made landfall on December 11 on the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic. Later that evening, Olga transitioned into a tropical storm just after making landfall. Further weakening took place and the storm degenerated into a remnant low late on December 12.

Flooding and mudslides caused at least 22 deaths - one in Puerto Rico, two in Haiti and at least 19 in the Dominican Republic.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Olga.
Storm names 
The following names will be used for named storms that form in the Atlantic basin in 2007. Due to the devastation caused by Hurricanes Dean, Felix and Noel, these names were retired by the World Meteorological Organization. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2013 season. A storm was named Andrea for the first time in 2007. The list is the same as the 2001 list except for Andrea, Ingrid, and Melissa, which replaced Allison, Iris, and Michelle, respectively. Names that have not been assigned are marked in .

Accumulated Cyclone Energy
The table on the right shows the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) for each storm in the season. ACE is, basically speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. While Subtropical Storm Andrea was a named storm of the 2007 season, NOAA does not officially include subtropical storms' ACE ratings in season totals. Andrea's ACE would have been 0.603 104kt² if it was tropical. Values accrued while Gabrielle, Jerry and Olga were subtropical are not included in their totals.

References

Other websites 
 National Hurricane Center Website
Yul Brynner (July 11, 1920 – October 10, 1985) was a Broadway and Hollywood actor. He was born in Russia. He moved to the United States and became an American citizen. He appeared in many movies and stage productions in the United States. He is famous for his role as the Siamese king in the musical The King and I on theater and in the movie, as well as Rameses II in the 1956 Cecil B. DeMille movie The Ten Commandments and as Chris Adams in The Magnificent Seven.  He played a killer robot in the 1976 science fiction film Westworld.

He was known for his shaved head which he kept as a personal sign since his role in The King and I.

He is mentioned in the song "One Night in Bangkok".

Other websites
1920 births
1985 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Tony Award winning actors
Vladivostok
Robert Redford (born Charles Robert Redford, Jr. on August 18, 1936), is a retired  American movie actor, director, producer, businessman, and model. One of Hollywood's biggest superstars, Redford has kept his appeal as the decades pass.

In August 2018, Redford officially announced his retirement from acting.

Movies
Movies

Actor 
 Inside Daisy Clover (1965)
 This Property Is Condemned (1966)
 The Chase (1966)
 Barefoot in the Park (1967)
 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
 Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here (1969)
 Jeremiah Johnson (1972)
 The Candidate (1972)
 The Hot Rock (1972)
 The Sting (1973)
 The Way We Were (1973)
 The Great Gatsby (1974)
 Three Days of the Condor (1975)
 The Great Waldo Pepper (1975)
 All the President's Men (1976)
 A Bridge Too Far (1977)
 The Electric Horseman (1979)
 Brubaker (1980)
 The Natural (1984)
 Out of Africa (1985)
 Legal Eagles (1986)
 Havana (1990)
 Sneakers (1992)
 Indecent Proposal (1993)
 Up Close & Personal (1996)
 Spy Game (2001)
 The Last Castle (2001)
 All Is Lost (2013)
 Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
 Pete's Dragon (2016)
 The Discovery (2017)

Director 
 Ordinary People (1980)
 The Milagro Beanfield War (1988)
 A River Runs Through It (1992)
 Quiz Show (1994)
 The Horse Whisperer (1998)
 The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000)

Producer 
 ''Chicagoland (2014)
References

Other websites 

 
 the Sundance Institute
 Sundance Resort
 

Kennedy Center honorees
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Academy Award winning directors
Actors from Santa Monica, California
American movie actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
1936 births
Living people
Salvia pratensis (Meadow Clary or Meadow Sage; syn Salvia virgata) is a perennial sage in the family Lamiaceae, that grows in Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. 

It is a herbaceous perennial plant and grows up to 1.5 m tall. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, the leaves on the lower part of the stem up to 15 cm long, higher up the stem they are smaller. The flowers are dark blue-purple, rarely pink or white. 

It is usually grows in unimproved soils, which is typical for grasslands, scrub edges, and woodland borders.

It is grown as an ornamental plant.

Other websites 
Salvia pratensis 

Salvia
Raymond William Stacey Burr (May 21, 1917 – September 12, 1993) was a Canadian actor and vintner, famous for his roles in the television dramas Perry Mason, for which he was awarded two Emmy Awards, and Ironside.

Burr's mother was of English and Scottish ancestry; his father was Irish.

Burr may have been a closeted homosexual.

References

Other websites
French biography of Raymond Burr

Raymond Burr Performing Arts Centre - New Westminster, BC
Raymond Burr Vineyards 

1917 births
1993 deaths
Actors from British Columbia
Canadian LGBT people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from kidney cancer
Gay men
LGBT actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Michelle Marie Pfeiffer (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress who has been nominated for the Oscar three times. 

Pfeiffer has appeared in movie such as Scarface, The Witches of Eastwick, Dangerous Liaisons, The Fabulous Baker Boys, Batman Returns, Wolf and Hairspray.

Personal life 
Since 1981 until 1988 she was married to Peter Horton.

Since November 13, 1993 she has been married to David E. Kelley. They have two children, Claudia Rose Kelley (born in May 1993, was adopted) and son John Henry Kelley (born on August 5, 1994).

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 
 
 

American movie actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Actors from Santa Ana, California
1958 births
Living people
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold leaves, flowers, cones, axillary buds, or other stems etc. 

The term "shoots" is often confused with "stems". A "shoot" generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers.

The other main structural axis of plants is the root. In most plants, stems are above the soil surface but some plants have underground stems called stolons or rhizomes.

Stems have four main functions which are:
 Support for leaves, flowers and fruits. The stems keep the leaves in the light and provide a place for the plant to keep its flowers and fruits.
 Transport of fluids between the roots and the upper parts in the xylem and phloem.
 Storage of nutrients.
 The production of new living tissue. Stems have tissue called the meristem which contains dividing cells. This produces new living tissue.
The normal life span of plant cells is one to three years. Much of the longer-lasting tissue in trees consists of cells which are no longer living. Bark and xylem vessels are examples of this.

Specialized terms for stems 
Stems are often specialized for storage, asexual reproduction, protection or photosynthesis, including the following: 
 Bulb - a short vertical underground stem with fleshy storage leaves attached, e.g. onion, daffodil, tulip. Bulbs often function in reproduction by splitting to form new bulbs or producing small new bulbs termed bulblets. Bulbs are a combination of stem and leaves so may better be considered as leaves because the leaves make up the greater part.
 Tree - a woody stem that is longer than 5 meters with a main trunk.
 Thorns - a reduced stem with a sharp point and rounded shape. e.g. hawthorn.

Stem structure
Stem structure 

The most important tissue inside the stem is the vascular tissue. This plays a major part in the transpiration of water and nutrients. There are many hollow tubes, including the xylem vessel and schlerenchyma fibres. The phloem contains living tissue.

Economic importance 
There are thousands of species whose stems have economic uses. Stems provide a few major staple crops such as potato and taro. Sugar cane stems are a major source of sugar. Maple sugar is obtained from trunks of maple trees. Vegetables from stems are asparagus, bamboo shoots, cactus pads, kohlrabi, and water chestnut. The spice, cinnamon is bark from a tree trunk.

Cellulose from tree trunks is a food additive in bread, grated Parmesan cheese, and other processed foods. Gum arabic is an important food additive obtained from the trunks of Acacia senegal trees. Chicle, the main ingredient in chewing gum, is obtained from trunks of the chicle tree.
Medicines obtained from stems include quinine from the bark of cinchona trees, camphor distilled from wood of a tree in the same genus that provides cinnamon, and the muscle relaxant curare from the bark of tropical vines.

Wood is a used in thousands of ways, e.g. buildings, furniture, boats, airplanes, wagons, car parts, musical instruments, sports equipment, railroad ties, utility poles, fence posts, pilings, toothpicks, matches, plywood, coffins, shingles, barrel staves, toys, tool handles, picture frames, veneer, charcoal and firewood. Wood pulp is widely used to make paper, cardboard, cellulose sponges, cellophane and some important plastics and textiles, such as cellulose acetate and rayon. Bamboo stems also have hundreds of uses, including paper, buildings, furniture, boats, musical instruments, fishing poles, water pipes, plant stakes, and scaffolding. Trunks of palm trees and tree ferns are often used for building. Reed stems are also important building materials in some areas.
Tannins used for tanning leather are obtained from the wood of certain trees, such as quebracho. Cork is obtained from the bark of the cork oak. Rubber is obtained from the trunks of Hevea brasiliensis. Rattan, used for furniture and baskets, is made from the stems of tropical vining palms. Bast fibers for textiles and rope are obtained from stems include flax, hemp, jute and ramie. The earliest paper was obtained from the stems of papyrus by the ancient Egyptians.

Amber is fossilized sap from tree trunks; it is used for jewelry and may contain ancient animals. Resins from conifer wood are used to produce turpentine and rosin. Tree bark is often used as a mulch and in growing media for container plants.

Some ornamental plants are grown mainly for their attractive stems, e.g.:
 White bark of paper birch
 Twisted branches of corkscrew willow and Harry Lauder's walking stick (Corylus avellana 'Contorta')
 Red, peeling bark of paperbark maple
References 
10 Major Differences between Stem and Trunk | Core Differences

Plant anatomy
NNDB, standing for Notable Names Database, produced by Soylent Communications, is an online database of biographical information of notable people. As of March 2007, NNDB contains more than 60,000 articles for over 22,000 important people. Readers may suggest additions or corrections which are later checked by a NNDB staff member.

Other websites 
 NNDB - Notable Names Database
 Village Voice article, October 7th, 2005 

Encyclopedia websites
The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are plants that have specialized tissues for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. They include the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. They are often called the higher plants.

The vascular plants are set apart in two main ways:
 Vascular plants have vascular tissues, which circulate resources through the plant.  This feature allows vascular plants to grow to a larger size than non-vascular plants, which lack these specialized conducting tissues and are therefore restricted to relatively small sizes. 
 In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the sporophyte, which is diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell.

Water transport happens in either xylem or phloem: xylem carries water and inorganic solutes upward toward the leaves from the roots, while phloem carries organic solutes throughout the plant.
Members
Spore-bearing vascular plants
Equisetophyta ~ horsetails
Lycopodiophyta ~ clubmosses, spikemosses, quillworts
Pteridophyta ~ ferns

Seed-bearing vascular plants - Superdivision Spermatophyta
Pinophyta ~ conifers
Cycadophyta ~ cycads
Ginkgophyta ~ ginkgoes
Gnetophyta ~ gnetophytes
Magnoliophyta ~ flowering plants

Related pages
Non-vascular plant
Embryophyte

References
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (  ) is sometimes called the 2 + 4 Treaty.

It was signed by the two Germanys (West and East) and the four Wartime Allies (France, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union (USSR)) on 12 September 1990, in Moscow, USSR.

The treaty formally ended the Second World War. The Allies of World War II gave up the powers and duties they had had in the two Germanys and in Berlin since the Nazi Surrender in 1945 stopped the fighting in World War II.

Six countries signed the treaty but only five ratified (confirmed) it. This is because Germany united under one government on 3 October 1990, three weeks after the treaty was signed.

The treaty allowed East and West German reunification into one country.  It said that Germany will be peaceful, and not start wars.  Germany promised to limit the size of its Army, Navy, and Air force, and not to make nuclear bombs.
The treaty also set guidelines about moving the foreign troops that were in Germany.  The USSR was to move all of its troops out of Eastern Germany and Eastern Berlin by 1994.  The three Western allies were asked to keep their troops in Berlin until the Soviets had left.  Germany also promised not to allow NATO troops to move into Eastern Germany, and not to allow certain types of weapons in the East either. 

The treaty also set Germany's borders, and the German government confirmed that the treaty it made with Poland in 1970 about the border between the countries, was to stay in force.

On 15 March 1991, the treaty treaty took effect, and Germany became fully sovereign (that is, able to control everything in its own territory, including Berlin).

1990s in Germany
Politics of Germany
East Germany
20th century in Berlin
Non-vascular plants is a general term for those plants without a vascular system (xylem and phloem).  Although non-vascular plants do not have these tissues, some of them have other tissues for internal transport of water.

Nonvascular plants have no roots, stems, or leaves. These structures always have some vascular tissue.

Non-vascular groups
The term "non-vascular plant" is no longer used in biological classification.  Non-vascular plants include two quite different groups:
The Bryophyta (mosses), the Marchantiophyta (liverworts), and the Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). Because these plants have no water-conducting tissues, they do not have the structural complexity and size of most vascular plants.
 Algae - especially the green algae. Recent studies have demonstrated that the algae actually consist of several unrelated groups. It turns out that common features of living in water and photosynthesis were misleading as indicators of close relationship. Only the green algae are still considered relatives of the plants.

In the past, the term non-vascular plant included all the algae, but also the fungi as well. Today, it is recognized that these groups are not closely related to plants, and have a very different biology.

Related pages 
 Vascular plant
This is an article about vascular tissue in plants. For transport in animals, see Circulatory system.

Vascular tissue is a complex tissue found in vascular plants. Complex means that it is composed of more than one cell type.

The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There is a meristem associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium. All the vascular tissues within a particular plant together constitute the vascular tissue system of that plant.

Related pages
Xylem 
Phloem
Vascular plant
In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue made up of small tubes which carry watery sap containing sugar and other organic nutrients to all parts of the plant where the nutrients are used for growth, or stored until needed. The sugar is made by photosynthesis. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, therefore the name, that comes from the Greek word φλοιος (phloios) for "bark". 

Aphids (greenfly) and other insects feed on the phloem by inserting a fine tube into the plant, penetrating the tiny phloem cells deep within the plant. The high pressure in the phloem tubes forces the phloem sap into the insect.  Most of the sugar passes right through the insect, so that nearby surfaces get sticky and often become black due to the growth of fungus.
  
Water, which is absorbed by the plant's roots, travels up the stem to the leaf through the xylem. This means that the xylem helps during photosynthesis by bringing water up the plant. It does the same job that blood vessels do in animals.
Related pages
Xylem

Plant anatomy
Vascular tissue
Plant physiology
Walter Matthau (October 1, 1920–July 1, 2000) was an American actor, comedian and film director. He starred with Jack Lemmon in The Odd Couple and its sequel The Odd Couple II. He won the Academy Award for The Fortune Cookie.
movies 
Atomic Attack (1950) (short subject)
The Kentuckian (1955)
The Indian Fighter (1955)
Bigger Than Life (1956)
A Face in the Crowd (1957)
Slaughter on Tenth Avenue (1957)
King Creole (1958)
Voice in the Mirror (1958)
Ride a Crooked Trail (1958)
Onionhead (1958)
Gangster Story (1960) (also director)
Strangers When We Meet (1960)
Lonely are the Brave (1962)
Who's Got the Action? (1962)
Island of Love (1963)
Charade (1963)
Ensign Pulver (1964)
Fail-Safe (1964)
Goodbye Charlie (1964)
Mirage (1965)
The Fortune Cookie (1966)
A Guide for the Married Man (1967)
The Odd Couple (1968)
The Secret Life of an American Wife (1968)
Candy (1968)
Hello, Dolly! (1969)
Cactus Flower (1969)
A New Leaf (1971)
Plaza Suite (1971)
Kotch (1971)
Pete 'n' Tillie (1972)
The Laughing Policeman (1973)
Charley Varrick (1973)
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974)
Earthquake (1974) (credited as "Walter Matuschanskayasky")
The Front Page (1974)
The Lion Roars Again (1975) (short subject)
The Gentleman Tramp (1975) (documentary)
The Sunshine Boys (1975)
Bad News Bears (1976)
Casey's Shadow (1978)
House Calls (1978)
California Suite (1978)
Portrait of a 60% Perfect Man (1980) (documentary)
Little Miss Marker (1980)
Hopscotch (1980)
First Monday in October (1981)
Buddy Buddy (1981)
I Ought to Be in Pictures (1982)
The Survivors (1983)
Movers & Shakers (1985)
Pirates (1986)
The Little Devil (1988)
The Couch Trip (1988)
JFK (1991) as Senator Russell B. Long
Beyond 'JFK': The Question of Conspiracy (1992) (documentary)
Dennis the Menace (1993)
Grumpy Old Men (1993)
I.Q. (1994)
The Grass Harp (1995)
Grumpier Old Men (1995)
I'm Not Rappaport (1996)
Out to Sea (1997)
The Odd Couple II (1998)
The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg (1998) (documentary)
Hanging Up (2000)
Other websites 

Humorous Quotes 
Walter Matthau & Jack Lemmon (In German)

Academy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Actors from New York City
1920 births
2000 deaths
Susan Sarandon (born October 4, 1946) is an American actress. She was born in New York City and grew up in Edison, New Jersey. She has received many awards in her career for her work, including the Academy Award in 1995 for her role at the movie Dead Man Walking, written and directed by her partner, actor and director Tim Robbins.

In 2022, she came out as bisexual.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 
 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1946 births
Living people
Bisexual people
LGBT people from New York City
LGBT actors
LGBT producers
Timothy Francis Robbins (born October 16, 1958) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, activist, and amateur musician. He has won many awards in his career, including the Academy Award in 2004 for his work in Mystic River. 

He was born in West Covina, Los Angeles County and raised in New York City. He was the partner of actress Susan Sarandon from 1988-2009.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 Video Interview with Tim Robbins on AMC's Sunday Morning Shootout
 Embedded Live, the play  and Embedded /Live, the DVD
 See also, Embedded Live, the interview, from CBC News: The Hour
 Interview from On The Media, February 20, 2004 
 Interview from Media Matters, June 5, 2005 
 Tim Robbins' federal campaign contribution report 
 TheAge.com Article: "Tim Robbins: Hall of Fame Violates Freedom"
 
 Robbins' blog at The Huffington Post
 Audio interview of Tim Robbins  by Stephanie Miller on The Stephanie Miller Show about Robbins' play, 1984
1958 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New York City
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from New York City
American activists
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Tigran Chukhajian (1837-1898) was a famous Armenian composer and the founder of the first opera institution in the Ottoman Empire. He composed the first Armenian opera, Arshak II, about the life of Armenian king Arshak II.

1837 births
1898 deaths
Armenian composers
Jamie Lee Curtis, Lady Haden-Guest (born November 22, 1958) is an American actress and author. Although at the beginning of her career she was known as a scream queen because of her roles in many horror movies (beginning with her first ever role as Laurie Strode in 1978's Halloween), Curtis has since appeared in a variety of different movie genres. Her role as Deirdre Beaubeirdre in the 2022 movie Everything Everywhere All at Once earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She has also received a  Grammy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Awards.
Her 1998 book, Today I Feel Silly, and Other Moods That Make My Day, made The New York Times best-seller list. In the late 2010s, Curtis returned as Strode in the horror movie Halloween (2018) and its sequels Halloween Kills (2020) and Halloween Ends (2021). She also played Linda Drysdale in the mystery comedy movie Knives Out (2019) and is well known for her roles as Wanda Gershwitz in A Fish Called Wanda (1988) and Helen Tasker in True Lies (1994).
Early life
Curtis was born in Santa Monica, California. She is the daughter of actor Tony Curtis and actress Janet Leigh. Her paternal grandparents were Hungarian Jewish immigrants and two of her maternal great-grandparents were Danish. Curtis's parents divorced in 1962, after which her mother married Robert Brandt. Curtis has an older sister, Kelly Curtis, who is also an actress, and several half-siblings (all from her father's remarriages), Alexandra, Allegra, Ben, and Nicholas Curtis (who died in 1994 of a drug overdose). Curtis attended Westlake School (now Harvard-Westlake School) in Los Angeles and Beverly Hills High School, and graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall. Returning to California in 1976, she attended the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California. She considered majoring in social work, but quit after one semester to pursue an acting career.
Personal life
She is married to actor Christopher Guest (Baron Haden-Guest) and, as the wife of a Baron, she has the title Baroness Haden-Guest and she could be called The Lady Haden-Guest, but she chooses not to use the title nor the style when in the United States.

Movie

References

Other websites

 
 Jamie Lee Curtis interview 
 

Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Actors from Santa Monica, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Jewish American actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1958 births
Living people
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
People's Republic (sometimes called Popular Republic) is a name for a communist, usually Marxist-Leninist country. Currently, the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the only Marxist-Leninist state in the world that uses the title "People's Republic". Because of this, "People's Republic" is sometimes used to refer to China.
The term is also found in the official name of North Korea - Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Communism
Michael Andrew Fox  (born June 9, 1961), known professionally as Michael J. Fox, is a retired Canadian-American actor, author, film producer and activist with a film and television career spanning from the 1970s to 2020. He played Marty McFly in Back to the Future trilogy. On television, he played Alex P. Keaton in the NBC sitcom Family Ties and Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom Spin City. He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a Grammy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.

Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1991, and told the public about it in 1998. He semi-retired from acting in 2000 as the symptoms of the disease worsened. He has since become an advocate for research toward finding a cure, and founded the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Sweden's Karolinska Institute gave him an honorary doctorate on March 5, 2010 for his work advocating a cure for Parkinson's disease.
Fox has also worked as a voice-over actor on films, such as Stuart Little and  Atlantis: The Lost Empire. On the CBS television show The Good Wife, he earned Emmy nominations for three consecutive years for his recurring role as crafty attorney Louis Canning. He has also taken recurring guest roles and cameo appearances in Boston Legal, Scrubs, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Rescue Me, and Designated Survivor. He has written four books. Fox was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2010 and was also inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
 The Michael J. Fox Database

Actors from Alberta
American movie actors
American television actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Entertainers from Edmonton
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People with Parkinson's disease
1961 births
Living people
"Hurt" is a song sung by Christina Aguilera, from her 2006 album Back to Basics. The song was written by Aguilera, Linda Perry and Mark Ronson. It is a slow, emotional ballad. It was released as the second single from her Back to Basics album, after "Ain't No Other Man". It charted in many countries in the world.

2006 songs
Christina Aguilera songs
A movie producer creates the conditions for making movies. The producer checks and controls things such as getting the money to make the movie, employing personnel, and arranging for distributors. The producer is involved in all parts of the process of making a movie from the beginning to completion of a project. Usually, the producer is considered the chief of staff and  is in control of the non-artistic side of movie making, while the director is in charge of the filming and the artistic part.

Other websites 
Producers Guild of America Frequently Asked Questions 

 
Movie occupations
Gastroenteritis is a medical term for inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It causes diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain. It usually happens because of infection by a virus or bacteria. Another term for Gastroenteritis is Stomach Flu. 

Other common terms for gastroenteritis include infectious diarrhea, stomach bug, and stomach virus. It is sometimes called stomach flu or gastric flu, but it is not related to the influenza virus (which is often shortened to 'flu').

References

Infectious_diseases
Television pilot, usually called just a pilot, is a test episode made to sell a television series. It may be broadcast as the first episode if the series is sold to a network or cable channel, and sometimes has different actors or other differences to the real series. There are also many series whose pilot episodes are titled "Pilot". While many pilots are made, few make it to the screen, and even fewer go on to become full television series because of big competition between networks and producers. There are many types of television pilots. Some pilots are put on other shows first to start the show. These are called "backdoor pilots". An example of a backdoor pilot is "Gloria: The First Day" is an episode in Archie Bunker's Place but is used to start Gloria. A "put pilot" is a pilot that a network agrees to put on television and if they do no they have to pay a lot of money to the television studio. An "unsold pilot" is a pilot episode that are made by a studio but are not put on television.
James Montgomery Doohan (March 3, 1920 – July 20, 2005) LVO was a Canadian actor and voice actor. He is best known for his role as Montgomery "Scotty" Scott in the movie and television series Star Trek. Doohan's character was one of the most typical elements in the Star Trek franchise.

Doohan was also a veteran of World War II. After his success with Star Trek, he showed a lot of support through the years for his fans by making many public appearances.

Other websites 
 
 Doohan in Slashdot thread
 Washington Post obituary "The Actor, Boldly Going With the Flow"
 

1920 births
2005 deaths
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from pneumonia
Javanese (); ; Aksara Jawa: ; Pegon: ; ) is the native language of Javanese people which originated from the island of Java. Being the most populous island in the world, a lot of community in Java island could understand the Javanese language naturally despite not having a Javanese-ethnic identity. The Javanese language is recognized as one of the regional languages ( the native or indigenous languages) in Indonesia with the largest speakers concentrated in the provinces of Yogyakarta, Central Java, and  East Java. The Javanese language also recognized as one of the minority languages in some countries worldwide, mainly in Suriname, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Hong Kong, Australia, Carribean, Sri Lanka, and neighbouring Southeast Asian countries.

Demographic distribution of Javanese speakers
Javanese is spoken throughout Indonesia, neighboring Southeast Asian countries, the Netherlands, Suriname, New Caledonia and other countries. However, the greatest concentration of speakers is in the six provinces of Java itself, and in the neighboring Sumatran province of Lampung.

Below, a table with the number of native speakers in 1980 is provided.

References

Other websites

Javanese Writing System
Ethnologue report on Javanese 
Javanese in Suriname strive to preserve origins Jakarta Post article

Austronesian languages
Languages of Indonesia
Javanese may refer to:

Of Java 
Javanese people, and their culture
Javanese language
Javanese script, traditional letters used to write Javanese language
Javanese (Unicode block),
Old Javanese,  the oldest phase of the Javanese language
Javanese beliefs
Javanese calendar
Javanese cuisine
Javanese Surinamese, an ethnic group of Javanese descent in Suriname

Other 
Javanese cat, a breed of domestic cat

Related pages
Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer and activist. He has acted in movies and on television, who came to fame as Insp. Steve Keller in the popular 1970s television series The Streets of San Francisco.

He later became a successful movie star, and won the Academy Award in 1987 for his work in Wall Street. Douglas has acted in many other successful movies, including Fatal Attraction and Basic Instinct.

He is the eldest son of actor Kirk Douglas, but also Krirk Douglas and Mrirk Douglas. He is the husband of actress Catherine Zeta-Jones. In 2010, he was diagnosed with throat cancer; in 2011 he said he had recovered.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 Michael Douglas Unofficial Fan website
 Michael Douglas  Personal Documents Archive at the Wisconsin Historical Society
 News
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New Jersey
American activists
American movie actors
Douglas family
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1944 births
Living people
People from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Democrats (United States)
Jewish American actors
Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916 – February 5, 2020) was an American actor and movie director. His parents were Jews from the Russian Empire. Douglas has acted in many of Hollywood's most well-known of all time, including Spartacus. He also starred as Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life.

He is also father to actor and producer Michael Douglas. He came in at #17 on AFI's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time and was one of two living actors on the list (Sidney Poitier is the other).

In 1995, he was given an Honorary Academy Award. In 1956, he won a Golden Globe Award.

Kirk Douglas died on February 5, 2020 in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 103.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 Personal papers of Kirk Douglas at the Wisconsin Historical Society - Roughly 180,000 documents on Douglas's personal and professional life 
 Newcritics.com: Meeting Kirk Douglas 
 Kirk Douglas, le champion de Hollywood (in French)
1916 births
2020 deaths
American centenarians
American stage actors
American radio actors
Television personalities from New York (state)
Writers from New York (state)
American autobiographers
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
Douglas family
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Kennedy Center honorees
American bloggers
People from Amsterdam, New York
James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 – July 2, 1997) was an American actor and military officer. In his career, he starred in many movies considered classics and was nominated for five Oscars, winning one in competition and one life achievement. Stewart became so familiar to the American public that he was most usually referred to by them as "Jimmy" Stewart.

He was named the third Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.

Stewart was an outspoken conservative Republican.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 Obituary, NY Times, July 3, 1997, James Stewart, the Hesitant Hero, Dies at 89
 The Jimmy Stewart Museum
 Presidential Medal of Freedom: Jimmy Stewart
1908 births
1997 deaths
20th-century American actors
Deaths from pulmonary thrombosis
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
Military people from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Republicans (United States)
James Francis Cagney, Jr. (July 17, 1899 – March 30, 1986) was an American actor, dancer and movie director who had many roles in his long career, and won the Oscar for Best Actor in 1942 for his role in Yankee Doodle Dandy.

Like James Stewart, Cagney became so familiar to the public that they usually referred to him as "Jimmy" Cagney. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Cagney eighth among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time.

References

Other websites 

James Cagney's Thug Life Fan site with hundreds of photos
The New York Times (March 31, 1986): "James Cagney Is Dead at 86; Master of Pugnacious Grace", by Peter B. Flint

1899 births
1986 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Kennedy Center honorees
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American actor who appeared in movies for thirty years.

In 1999, the American Film Institute named Tracy among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking 9th on the list of 100. He was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor, and won it two times, in 1937 and 1938. Along with Tom Hanks, he is one of the only two actors to ever be given two Oscars in two consecutive years. He was a long-time live-in partner of famous actress Katharine Hepburn whilst remaining legally married to another woman until his death. He was diabetic and died of a heart attack. He was a devout Catholic.
Movies 
The Strong Arm (1930)
Taxi Talks (1930)
The Hard Guy (1930)
Up the River (1930)
Quick Millions (1931)
Six Cylinder Love (1931)
Goldie (1931)
She Wanted a Millionaire (1932)
Sky Devils (1932)
Disorderly Conduct (1932)
Young America (1932)
Society Girl (1932)
The Painted Woman (1932)
Me and My Gal (1932)
20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932)
The Face in the Sky (1933)
Shanghai Madness (1933)
The Power and the Glory (1933)
Man's Castle (1933)
The Mad Game (1933)
The Show-Off (1934)
Looking for Trouble (1934)
Bottoms Up (1934)
Now I'll Tell (1934)
Marie Galante (1934)
It's a Small World (1935)
The Murder Man (1935)
Dante's Inferno (1935)
Whipsaw (1935)
Riffraff (1936)
Fury (1936)
San Francisco (1936)
Libeled Lady (1936)
They Gave Him a Gun (1937)
Captains Courageous (1937)
Big City (1937)
Mannequin (1938)
Test Pilot (1938)
Hollywood Goes to Town (1938)
Boys Town (1938)
For Auld Lang Syne: No. 4 (1939)
Hollywood Hobbies (1939)
Stanley and Livingstone (1939)
I Take This Woman (1940)
Young Tom Edison (1940) (cameo)
Northward, Ho! (1940)
Northwest Passage (1940)
Edison, the Man (1940)
Boom Town (1940)
Men of Boys Town (1941)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941)
Woman of the Year (1942)
Ring of Steel (1942) (narrator)
Tortilla Flat (1942)
Keeper of the Flame (1942)
His New World (1943) (documentary) (narrator)
A Guy Named Joe (1943)
The Seventh Cross (1944)
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944)
Without Love (1945)
The Sea of Grass (1947)
Cass Timberlane (1947)
State of the Union (1948)
Edward, My Son (1949)
Adam's Rib (1949)
Malaya (1949)
Father of the Bride (1950)
For Defense for Freedom for Humanity (1951)
Father's Little Dividend (1951)
The People Against O'Hara (1951)
Pat and Mike (1952)
Plymouth Adventure (1952)
The Actress (1953)
Broken Lance (1954)
Bad Day at Black Rock (1955)
The Mountain (1956)
Pedobear z Krainy Gumisiów (1957)
The Old Man and the Sea (1958)
The Last Hurrah (1958)
Inherit the Wind (1960)
The Devil at 4 O'Clock (1961)
Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)
How the West Was Won (1962) (narrator)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)
References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Milwaukee
American movie actors
American Roman Catholics
BAFTA Award winning actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1900 births
1967 deaths
Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was an American actor. Cooper received five Oscar nominations for Best Actor, and won it two times, in 1941 and 1952. He also received an Honorary Award from the Academy in 1961. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Cooper among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking at No. 11.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 The Gary Cooper Pages 
 Find-A-Grave profile for Gary Cooper
 Photographs of Gary Cooper

Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Montana
American movie actors
American Roman Catholics
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from prostate cancer
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People from Helena, Montana
1901 births
1961 deaths
James Edward Keeler (September 10 1857 – August 12 1900) was an American astronomer.

He worked at Lick Observatory beginning in 1888 but was appointed director of the University of Pittsburgh's  Allegheny Observatory in 1891. He returned to Lick Observatory as its director in 1898, but died not long after in 1900. He had married in 1891 and left a widow and two children.

He discovered two asteroids, although the second was lost and only recovered about 100 years later.

1857 births
1900 deaths
American astronomers
Cassini–Huygens was a space mission, sent to Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun to study its rings, and its moons.

The mission was made by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and Italian Space Agency (ASI). The spacecraft had two main parts: the Cassini orbiter and the Huygens probe. It was launched on October 15, 1997 and entered into orbit around Saturn on July 1, 2004. It was the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn and the fourth to visit Saturn (the others were flybys and did not enter orbit). The mission ended September 2017.
Cassini orbiter 
The orbiter was named after the Italian-French astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini, who discovered some moons of Saturn. Most of the orbiter was designed and built by NASA, although ASI built and programmed some parts that talked to the Huygens probe. The spacecraft spent 13 years in orbit, sending back data. It visited many parts of the Saturn system until it was short of fuel. The Cassini–Huygens ended with a controlled crash into Saturn's atmosphere on September 15, 2017.
Huygens probe 
ESA (European Space Agency) made the Huygens probe, named after the Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist Christiaan Huygens who discovered Titan. On December 25 2004, the Huygens probe left the orbiter. A couple weeks later, the probe parachuted onto Saturn's largest moon Titan.  Astronomers have wondered what the surface of Titan was like, since it was hidden under thick clouds.  It is the only moon in our solar system with a thick atmosphere.  The probe descended and sent pictures and other data back for scientists to study.  After 90 minutes on the moon, the spacecraft stopped working, as expected. It is the farthest place we have ever landed a spacecraft. The pictures sent while parachuting showed rivers, probably of liquid methane. The surface is much too cold for water.

References
References

Other websites 
 Spacecraft Cassini is Visiting Saturn! — children's stories explaining the Cassini mission
 Cassini-Huygens Main Page  at NASA
 Cassini Mission Homepage  by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
 Cassini-Huygens Mission Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
 Cassini Imaging Homepage
 Cassini information by the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC).
 Photo Gallery - full coverage
 Cassini's Tour de Saturn part A, B, C, D, E, F – descriptions of the 4-year tour of Saturn by Bruce Moomaw
 SpaceflightNow news coverage of the mission 
 Countdown to Cancel the Cassini Space Probe by the Baltimore Peace Network in 1997 due to concerns over the use of plutonium

NASA spacecraft
European Space Agency spacecraft
Saturn
Spacecraft launched in the 1990s
Ferns are a group of about 20,000 species of plants. About 10,000 are living: they are in the division Pteridophyta. 

Unlike bryophytes, ferns have xylem and phloem, which makes them vascular plants. Unlike seed plants like angiosperms (flowering plants) or gymnosperms, ferns do not have seeds. Instead, they reproduce by spores.

Most ferns belong to the Class Leptosporangiata (or Pteridopsida). This includes most of those you see in gardens and woods. The horsetails belong to another class, the Equisetopsida, which was extremely important in the Carboniferous period.<ref>Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor. 1993. The biology and evolution of fossil plants. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp. 303–305. .</ref> Only one genus survives. The other classes of fern are also quite small today.