Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower(  (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was the 34th president of the United States, from 1953 to 1961. He was known across the world for his help leading the Allied invasions in World War II.

Early life
Dwight David Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890, at 609 S. Lamar Avenue in Denison, Texas. He was the third of seven sons. His mother originally named him David Dwight, but she switched two names after his birth so that there wouldn't be two Davids in the family.

In 1892, the family moved to Abilene, Kansas, which Eisenhower considered his hometown. Dwight became very interested in exploring the outdoors. He learned about hunting and fishing, cooking, and card playing from a man named Bob Davis who camped on the Smoky Hill River.
Eisenhower went to Abilene High School. He graduated with the class of 1909. He and brother Edgar both wanted to go to college, but they did not have enough money. They decided to take different years at college while the other worked to earn money to pay the tuitions.

Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was working a job as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. When Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight accepted and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend named "Swede" Hazlett was applying to the Naval Academy. He wanted Dwight to apply to the school, since there was no tuition. Eisenhower asked for consideration for either Annapolis or West Point with his U.S. Senator, Joseph L. Bristow. Though Eisenhower was one of the winners of the entrance-exam competition, he was too old for the Naval Academy. He then accepted an appointment to West Point in 1911.
At West point, Eisenhower liked the traditions and the sports. In sports, Eisenhower later said that "not making the baseball team at West Point was one of the greatest disappointments of my life, maybe my greatest". He joined the varsity football team and was a starter as running back and linebacker in 1912. He tackled the legendary Jim Thorpe of the Carlisle Indians. Eisenhower got a torn knee while being tackled in the next game, which was the last he played; he re-injured his knee on horseback and in the boxing ring, so he turned to fencing and gymnastics.

Eisenhower later served as junior varsity football coach and cheerleader. He graduated in the middle of the class of 1915. That class became known as "the class the stars fell on", because 59 members became general officers.
Military career 
Eisenhower was born into a family which did not have much money. He joined the United States Military Academy at West Point as a cadet in 1911, and as an officer served in many different places including the Panama Canal Zone, Washington, D.C. and the Philippines. During World War II, he was a general. He directed the invasion of Morocco and Algeria during the North African Campaign. He became a 5-star general and was the Supreme Allied Commander for Operation Overlord (an attack on Germany which was one of the most important battles of the war).

After World War II ended, he was considered a war hero. In the 1952 U.S. presidential election, the American public begged Eisenhower to run for president. Eisenhower (whose political views were unknown at the time) joined the Republican Party. He chose Richard Nixon as his vice-presidential candidate and won the election by beating Adlai Stevenson II.
Presidency, (1953–1961) 
He served two terms from 1953 to 1961.  Eisenhower was the first President of the United States to be president of all 50 states.

During the beginning of his first term, he oversaw a ceasefire (which stopped the fighting) during the Korean War.  He created NASA (the United States space program) which began a space race against the Soviet Union.  Eisenhower believed that the United States should not try to fight wars overseas, but instead that United States should make more nuclear weapons so it could have an advantage in the Cold War.  The United States was able to keep the Soviet Union in check without spending a lot of money.  For this reason, the U.S. government had balanced budgets during his presidency and did not have to borrow money.
He intimidated the Soviet Union by making them believe that the United States would respond to any act of aggression with the use of nuclear weapons.  That policy is called brinkmanship, new look, and massive retaliation.  He also authorized planes to spy on the Soviet Union, but when a U.S. spy plane accidentally crashed into the Soviet Union near the end of Eisenhower's term, it hurt relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.

McCarthyism (when Senator Joseph McCarthy was accusing hundreds of people of being communist spies without evidence) was also an issue during his presidency.  Eisenhower disliked Joseph McCarthy and tried to bring him down behind the scenes, but Eisenhower did not like to make enemies, so he did not talk about McCarthy much.
Domestically (in the country), the economy was doing very well and the nation was prosperous.  Eisenhower supervised the creation of the interstate highway system and created the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.  Eisenhower was a moderate conservative (near the center of the political spectrum).  He wanted to continue some New Deal programs such as Social Security, but at the same time, he wanted the government to be limited.  At first, many criticized him for not doing enough to give civil rights to African Americans, but later during his presidency, he signed two civil rights acts and sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to make sure schools were desegregated.

Legacy
When Eisenhower's presidency ended he was not very popular with scholars. Over time his reputation slowly improved and historians now generally consider him to be a good president.

In September 2020, a presidential memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C. honoring Eisenhower.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 White House biography on Eisenhower
 WW2DB: Dwight Eisenhower

1890 births
1969 deaths
American military personnel of World War I
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from congestive heart failure
 
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A factor can be:

 a circumstance in the social sciences 
 a number in mathematics
 a chemical in science
 a character in the game Dungeons & Dragons
A ball is a round object (usually spherical, but can sometimes be ovoid) with several uses. 

Ball is used metaphorically sometimes to denote something spherical or spheroid, e.g., armadillos and human beings curl up into a ball, making a fist into a ball.

Basic English 850 words
Ferrocement is both a method and a material used in building or sculpting with cement, sand, water and wire or mesh material. It is often called the thin shell. Thin shell ferrocement offers strength and economy and can be used in many ways including: building homes, creating sculptures, or building boats and ships.

Related pages 
 Reinforced concrete

Other websites 
 FerroBoats.com
 Ferrocement.com (multi-lingual)
 Ferrocement Educational Network
 Water Storage book by Art Ludwig, includes Ferrocement Tanks & Excel Water Tank Calculator
 Water Tank Design  Water Tank Design information

Building materials
A camera lens is the part of a camera that directs light to the film or, in a digital camera, to a computer chip that can sense the light. Many cheap lenses are plastic but better ones are made from glass. The lens makes an image by focusing the light.

The majority of cameras only have one lens that users cannot change or take out. This is called a fixed lens design. More expensive cameras usually have lenses that come off, so anyone can take out one lens and put in another. A lens may be simple, or may actually be made of several lenses.

Photographers can use different lenses (objectives) to make different kinds of pictures. For example, a telephoto lens can take a picture of something far away. A  wide-angle lens is the opposite. A zoom lens is more versatile; it can do both. There are many kinds of lenses.

The study of lenses and how they work is called optics.
Lenses for large sheet film cameras are especially difficult to design. Cameras and their lenses have been made since the 19th century. Some from before World War II, are still usable today. Computers now let engineers make better lenses, though, because they can calculate the way that light goes through the lens and find the best design for each task. Together with lenses, filters, macro lenses, teleconverters, wide-angle and tele attachments are used.

Camera lenses
A boy is a young male human, either a child or teenager.  Little boys still have the body of a child.  It is not until they reach puberty (adolescence) that their bodies start to mature and they become a man.
The word “boy” was used a long time ago in Anglo-Saxon English. The opposite of a boy is a girl.

Culture
The way boys are brought up will vary a lot between different cultures.   Boys are supposed to be tougher than girls.  It is their job to do work that is physically hard, including fighting in the army when they are grown up.  However, people’s attitudes are changing and nowadays many girls like to do the same things as boys. In Western cultures boys traditionally wear trousers (pants) while girls wear dresses or skirts.    However, many girls also wear trousers these days, like boys, especially when dressed informally.  Boys often have shorter hair than girls, although this can vary a lot according to quickly changing fashions.
Traditionally boys like rough games (such as soccer or rugby) and enjoy playing with mechanical things such as toy cars and trains.  People today have long discussions about whether this is because they are born like that, or because that is the way society expects them to behave.

The traditional color for a boy is blue.  For girls, it is pink.  When a baby is born in a hospital it usually gets a blue or pink tag on its wrist or ankle, according to whether it is a boy or a girl.

Names
Some names are boys’ names, others are girls’ names. There are some names that can be for boys and girls (although they may be spelled differently, e.g. “Lesley” for a boy and “Leslie” for a girl).

In some countries such as Britain an “old boy” means a grown-up who used to be a pupil at a particular school (e.g. “He is an old boy of Cransbury High School”).   The expression can also be used in a very informal, friendly way, e.g. “Nice to see you, old boy!”.

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Man
Boyfriend

Basic English 850 words
Childhood
Responsible for performing clerical and administrative duties in an office setting. Assists executive assistants and secretaries by sorting mail, filing, answering phones, greeting clients, scheduling meetings, and restocking supplies.

Business occupations
Sir James Paul McCartney  (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter and composer. He is internationally known as a singer and bassist of the Beatles. With singer and guitarist John Lennon, he contributed music and lyrics to a lot of the band's songs.

Early Life 
Paul was born at Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (Past is Walton Hospital) in Walton, Liverpool, England, He was son of Jim and Mary McCartney, He had one brother is Michael McCartney and a stepsister called Ruth. He was born James Paul McCartney, but went by his middle name. His mother died of Breast Cancer in 1956.
The Quarrymen (1957–1962) 
Paul first met John Lennon in 1957, after Paul saw John's band, The Quarrymen, playing a live performance. Paul auditioned for the band and joined instantly. A year later, Paul asked the band to have George Harrison audition, at first, they did not want George because he was 15 years old and was considered "too young". However, Paul convinced them to have George in the band. In 1960, the Quarrymen would change their name a lot, having names such as "Johnny and the Moonbears" and "The Silver Beetles".

The Beatles (1962–1970) 

In 1962, The Beatles signed to Parlophone Records. They were found and managed by Brian Epstein from 1962, until Brian's death from an overdose of drugs in 1967. 

Their first song released was Love Me Do. One year later, their first album, Please Please Me was made.
McCartney began writing songs before he was sixteen, and has written well over two hundred. His most famous song is "Yesterday", recorded by the Beatles in 1965. Since then around 2000 artists have recorded the song and currently holds the world record for the song that has been covered the most times. 

Other songs written by McCartney for The Beatles include "Can't Buy Me Love", "Hey Jude", "Penny Lane", "Eleanor Rigby" and "Let It Be". 

Often, Beatles songs would have "Lennon/McCartney" written on the record, and it would look like that they had written it together. In fact, most Lennon/McCartney songs were written by only one of them, or with one adding only small parts to the other's work. Each counted on the other to help make their songs better, so they agreed to share the credit equally.

After appearing on the television program, The Ed Sullivan Show, in the United States, The Beatles would gain great success. This would be known as Beatlemania.
The Beatles most well known albums are Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles (known by fans as the "White Album"), and Abbey Road. The Beatles disbanded in 1970. 

In the 1990s, the then-three living members, Paul, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, would record a song called "Free as a Bird", originally made as an unfinished demo by John Lennon in the late 1970s, shortly before he died. They would finish the lyrics and record and release it. It was produced by musician Jeff Lynne, instead of the Beatles producer George Martin, who was hard of hearing due to old age.

Wings 
Since the Beatles had stopped working together in 1971, McCartney started a new band called Wings with his wife Linda. Wings also had many hit records, including "Band On The Run" and "Mull Of Kintyre". McCartney wrote "Live and Let Die", which became the theme song to a James Bond film with the same title. Wings disbanded in 1981.
Solo music 
McCartney had other hit songs, and also wrote and starred in the movie, Give My Regards to Broad Street, with Linda. The theme song from the movie, "No More Lonely Nights", was also a hit, but the movie did poorly, and McCartney's popularity suffered. He had to work hard to prove his talent was still strong. He co-wrote new songs with Elvis Costello, and began touring more often than he had in years.

Along with popular music, McCartney also began composing classical music, including an oratorio about Liverpool.

Honours 
McCartney was knighted for his contributions to music and to British culture, and for his charity work. 

He bought John Lennon's former school, Quarry Bank, which he then turned into a performing arts school.

In 1990, the minor planet 4148 was named "McCartney" in his honour.
In 2010, he was honoured by President Barack Obama with the Gershwin Prize for his contributions to popular music. He returned to the White House later that year as a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors.  

In 2012, he became the last Beatle to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Collaborations 
Later McCartney recorded a single called "Ebony and Ivory" with Stevie Wonder.

Paul recorded the songs "The Girl is Mine" and "Say, Say, Say" with Michael Jackson. 

A song with Jackson called "The Man" was released on McCartney's fifth solo album Pipes of Peace. He and Jackson became friends, but this ended after Jackson outbid McCartney for ownership of the publishing company which owned most of the Beatles's music.

Personal life 
McCartney married Linda Eastman, a photographer, in 1969. She had a daughter, Heather, whom he adopted. McCartney and Linda had three more children together, named Mary, Stella and James. Stella became a popular fashion designer after she grew up.
Linda died in 1998 of breast cancer (McCartney's mother also died from the same disease in 1956). He married model Heather Mills in 2002; the couple's child Beatrice was born in 2003. McCartney and Mills separated in 2006, and, after a long battle over a settlement, McCartney and Mills divorced in March 2008.

McCartney married New Yorker Nancy Shevell, 51, in a civil ceremony at Old Marylebone Town Hall, London, on 9 October 2011. The couple had been dating since November 2007.

Paul is dead

There was an urban legend that said that McCartney died in a car crash in 1966 and was replaced by a look-alike called Billy Shears.
Discography 
Solo
 McCartney (1970)
 Ram (1971) 
 McCartney II (1980)
 Tug of War (1982)
 Pipes of Peace (1983)
 Press to Play (1986)
 Снова в СССР (1988) 
 Flowers in the Dirt (1989)
 Off the Ground (1993)
 Flaming Pie (1997)
 Run Devil Run (1999) 
 Driving Rain (2001)
 Chaos and Creation in the Backyard (2005)
 Memory Almost Full (2007)
 Kisses on the Bottom (2012) 
 New (2013)
 Egypt Station (2018)
 McCartney III (2020)

References

Paul McCartney
1942 births
Living people
British bass guitarists
English guitarists
English pianists
English singer-songwriters
English composers
Grammy Award winners
Kennedy Center honorees
The Beatles members
Knights Bachelor
Companions of Honour
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Afrikaners are white South Africans who speak Afrikaans as mother tongue and follow the Afrikaans culture. Most of them have Dutch, German, French Huguenot, ancestors. Also known as Boere, Voortrekkers and Burgers, although under slightly different contexts. In South Africa there are about 3 million white people with Afrikaans as mother tongue, that can be assumed to be Afrikaners if they chose to follow the Afrikaans culture.

Ethnic groups in South Africa
John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English singer and songwriter. He became famous as a singer and guitarist of the English rock band The Beatles. After the Beatles stopped making records in 1970, he lived in the United States with his wife Yoko Ono. He continued his music career up until his murder.

Biography 
John Winston Lennon was born on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Women's Hospital in Liverpool. He was the son of Alfred Lennon and Julia Lennon. 
He started the Beatles in his hometown of Liverpool, with Paul McCartney and George Harrison. After Ringo Starr joined the band, they started to be very successful. People were excited by their music, and their live performances always pleased audiences. Manager Brian Epstein and record producer George Martin helped the Beatles become the most popular act in entertainment.
Lennon played the guitar, and later learned to play the piano. Most of the songs the Beatles recorded were written by Lennon and McCartney. Their songs were always credited as by "Lennon/McCartney" on Beatles records, but in fact they usually wrote their songs on their own. The two men often helped to make each other's songs better, so they liked to share writing credit. Famous songs written by Lennon for the Beatles are "A Hard Day's Night", "Help!", "Strawberry Fields Forever", "A Day In The Life" and many others. 

The Beatles grew apart as the members got older. Lennon divorced his first wife, Cynthia Powell, and married Yoko Ono, while McCartney married Linda Eastman. Each wife had different ideas, and encouraged their husbands to depend less on each other. Later, some fans blamed Yoko and Linda for breaking the Beatles up.
Lennon recorded several albums and singles after the Beatles disbanded. The best-known one was Imagine. He made many records with Yoko Ono. On some records they called themselves the Plastic Ono Band. Lennon and Ono worked with different musician friends, including Ringo Starr, Jim Keltner, Klaus Voormann, Harry Nilsson, Eric Clapton and Elton John. Lennon's solo music was different from his Beatles songs. He spoke more directly about his own feelings, and sometimes used harsh language or loud sounds. This upset a few fans, who wished for more Beatles music from him.
Lennon and Ono moved to the United States in 1971, and settled in New York City. Ono had a daughter, Kyoko Chan Cox, from an earlier husband, Anthony Cox, a filmmaker, who took her and disappeared. It was easier to look for Kyoko, and get the law's help to look, if they stayed in America. Ono and Lennon were also hurt emotionally by the way Ono was treated by many people in England. Some insulted Ono, and asked Lennon why he was with her. On the other hand, most of the people they met in America accepted them together.

Lennon and Ono were also campaigners for peace in the world. They used Lennon's famous name to talk to the media (television, radio and newspapers) about their beliefs. Lennon and Ono were sometimes in trouble with people like politicians, who did not like the things they said. President Richard Nixon's administration even tried to deport Lennon, because of his political views.
Lennon and Ono separated for over a year, from late 1973 until early 1975, because of the stress in their lives, and their relationship. Each of them dated another person (Lennon pairing off with May Pang, his and Ono's personal assistant, and Ono with guitarist David Spinozza), and they were nearly divorced. They spoke nearly every day by telephone, however, and tried to work things out. They decided that they wanted to be together more than anyone else could want them apart, and they reunited.

When Richard Nixon faced the Watergate crisis in 1974, it became more important than pushing Lennon out of the country. The deportation case against him was dropped. Lennon won the right to stay in America in 1975. Lennon and Ono also finally had a son, Sean Lennon, that October. Father and son shared the same birthday.
Lennon and Ono stopped making music for five years, to be able to spend more time together, and give Sean as much attention as he needed. They lived on Lennon's income from the music he already made. Ono became Lennon's business manager, and invested his money in real estate and organic farming. Her office was downstairs in the Dakota, the apartment building where they lived, so they were never far apart. Lennon became a full-time father to Sean, and he was proud to call himself a "househusband". They also visited Ono's family in Japan several times, and made other trips.

In 1980 Lennon and Ono began to write new music, as Sean got old enough to begin school. They recorded a new album titled Double Fantasy that year. A single from the album, "(Just Like) Starting Over", was a hit, and people welcomed Lennon back. Even people who had not liked Ono earlier now respected her, and more of them began to like her music. Lennon and Ono planned to start fresh, do a world tour, and record more albums.

Death
Death 

On 8 December 1980, Lennon was shot to death as he was going into his home, by a man named Mark David Chapman who was mentally ill. Even though he was ill, Chapman was still prosecuted for murdering Lennon. Chapman pled guilty to the murder the next year, and is still in prison today. He admitted later he was jealous of Lennon's fame and success, while his own life disappointed him. Chapman thought that killing Lennon would give his own life more meaning. He is always refused for parole, and is infamous (hated by many people).
Fans all over the world mourned Lennon's death. It made them feel that a special part of their lives was gone. Many met in New York's Central Park, near where Lennon and Ono lived, to say their goodbyes. Some played recordings of Lennon's music. Politicians and celebrities everywhere were sorry Lennon had died, even if they disliked him, because his music meant so much to so many people. Radio stations in the Soviet Union, where rock music was rarely allowed to be played, gave an hour over to Beatles recordings.

There was no funeral for Lennon, but Yoko Ono asked people everywhere to observe ten minutes of silence and prayer for him on Sunday, December 14, 1980, at 2:00 PM. At two o'clock, the music playing in Central Park stopped, and people all over the world fell silent for ten minutes. Other tributes came later, including songs by George Harrison ("All Those Years Ago"), Paul McCartney ("Here Today"), Elton John ("Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)") and Queen ("Life Is Real (Song for Lennon)").
Legacy 
Lennon's music (with and after his Beatles years) is still played everywhere, and people are still touched by it. A series of radio programs were devoted to playing demoes of his songs. Young musicians play Lennon's records, and learn his music. Yoko Ono released an album of acoustic versions of many Lennon songs, to help musicians understand them better.

There is now a garden in Central Park in Lennon's memory called "Strawberry Fields" after one of Lennon's most popular songs, which in turn was named after a Salvation Army orphanage near his childhood home. On October 9, 1990, on what would have been Lennon's fiftieth birthday, "Imagine" was simulcast on radio and television stations all over the world, uniting people everywhere to remember Lennon and his music.

Awards
Awards

With The Beatles 
BRIT Awards:
 1977: Outstanding contribution to the recording industry during the past 25 years.
 1977: Best British pop group of the past 25 years.
 1977: Best British pop album of the past 25 years (for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band). 
 1983: Outstanding contribution to music.

Solo career 
 1982 Grammy Award - 1981 Album of the Year (for Double Fantasy) 
 1982 BRIT Awards - Outstanding contribution to music.
 In 2002, a 100 Greatest Britons BBC poll voted Lennon into eighth place.
 In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Lennon number 38 on its list of "The Immortals: The Fifty Greatest Artists of All Time". 
 In 2008, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Lennon number five on its list of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time".
Discography 
 Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins (with Yoko Ono) (1968)
 Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions (with Yoko Ono) (1969)
 Wedding Album (with Yoko Ono) (1969)
 Live Peace In Toronto (with Plastic Ono Band) (1969)
 John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970)
 Imagine (1971)
 Some Time in New York City (with Yoko Ono) (1972)
 Mind Games (1973)
 Walls and Bridges (1974)
 Rock 'n' Roll (1975)
 Double Fantasy (with Yoko Ono) (1980)
 Milk and Honey (with Yoko Ono) (1984)
 Live In New York City  (Recorded live in 1972) (1986)

Singles

Monuments and sculptures
1981 Los Angeles, USA, City Hall–East, by Brett-Livingstone Strong. 
 2001 John Lennon Park, Havana, Cuba, by José Villa Soberón 
 2002 John Lennon Airport, Liverpool, England 
 2005 A Coruña, Spain, by Jose Luis Ribas
 2006 Almería, Spain, by Carmen Mudarra
 2007 Imagine Peace Tower, Reykjavík, Iceland by Ono. 
 2007 Lima, Peru
 Liverpool, Cavern Pub
 "Imagine Monument", Strawberry Fields, Central Park, New York City 
 Plaça De John Lennon, on Travessera de Grácia in Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain

References 

1940 births
1980 deaths
English guitarists
English pianists
English murder victims
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
 
Murdered musicians
Murders by firearm in the United States
Musicians from Liverpool
Nonviolence advocates
The Beatles members
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People murdered in New York (state)
Former Roman Catholics
An invention is a new thing that someone has made. The computer was an invention when it was first made. We say when it was "invented". New things that are made or created are called inventions. Cars and plastics are inventions that everyone knows. Inventions are made by inventors. Many inventions are patented.

Ideas are also called inventions. Writers can invent characters, and then invent a story about them.

Inventing 
Over time, humans have invented objects which make life easier for themselves. Because of this, a quote "necessity is the mother of invention", was written. The quote means that a lack of something should inspire someone to create something to fill that empty space. However, not all people believe that this is true. They think that too much of something can lead to an invention.
Many inventions are just a variation of something that already exists.

Other websites 

 List of PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) Important Inventions  (on the WIPO web site)

Basic English 850 words
Genocide is the crime of killing many people who are all part of one ethnic or religious group, or some sort of similar group, and trying to destroy that group. Genocide is done usually by a group, such as a government, or military group, not by one person or a small number of people. Usually, the motivation for genocide is based on political reason.

The word genocide was made up by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jew, in 1944, from the words "genos" (Greek for family, tribe or race) and "-cide" (from the Latin "occidere", to kill). It was first used to the Nazi Holocaust, when many groups, including Jews and others, were killed.

Ustashe of Croatia are another example of genocidial horror. About a million of Serbs were killed during WWII in Ustashe death camps especially in Jasenovac. Another example of genocide was when about a million of the Tutsi group of people of Rwanda were killed along with Hutus who were against the genocide in 1994.
In 1933 Lemkin made a speech to the Legal Council of the League of Nations conference on international criminal law in Madrid, for which he prepared an essay on the Crime of Barbarity as a crime against international law. The purpose of the crime, which later evolved into the idea of genocide, was based mostly on the experience of Assyrians massacred in Iraq on 11 August 1933. The event in Iraq reminded him of earlier similar events of the Armenian Genocide during World War I.

Today, any genocide is prohibited by the Genocide Convention and actor or inciter of genocide is judged by the International Criminal Court.

Examples
Today most people see the following events as genocide. Note that the events listed are just examples.
Herero and Namaqua Genocide
Armenian Genocide
Holocaust
Nanking Massacre
Cambodian Genocide
Rwandan Genocide
Darfur conflict
Srebrenica massacre

References 

 
Ethnicity
is a Japanese musician and artist. She is the widow of John Lennon. Before she married Lennon she was married to Toshi Ichiyanagi from 1956 to 1963 and Anthony Cox from 1963 to 1969. She has two children, Kyoko Chan Cox (with Cox) and Sean Lennon (with Lennon).

Early life 
Both of her parents came from wealthy families. Her father, who was a descendant of a former Emperor of Japan, had been a concert pianist before giving up music to become a banker. Ono was tutored privately, then sent to exclusive private schools, studying classical music and art, and also learning English. She visited the United States before World War II with her family. Her father was on a business trip to the U.S. when the war began, and was  with many other Japanese in the country. He was not able to communicate with his family for many years. Ono's mother took her, her brother and sister away from Tokyo, and they stayed in a rural area.
After the war ended, the family was reunited, and moved to New York for her father's job. Ono enrolled in Sarah Lawrence College, but quit during her third year. She became interested in  art and music, and began writing poetry. Many of her poems were instructions, for creating pieces of art. She later published some of these in a book, titled Grapefruit. Her parents were not happy that Ono chose to make her own way, rather than following her family's wishes for her life. When she married Toshi Ichiyanagi, a young pianist, her parents  her.

The marriage did not work out, and Ono rented a loft apartment of her own. She became friends with local artists in New York, including Andy Warhol and a group called Fluxus. She hosted small parties and "happenings" for her artist friends, and began to do artwork of her own. This brought her some notoriety in time, but not fame. She remarried, to Tony (Anthony) Cox, and they had a daughter, named Kyoko.
Marriage to Lennon 
Ono went to London with Cox and Kyoko during 1966, to promote her career as an artist. John Lennon, who was a member of The Beatles, went to one of her art shows. He enjoyed the  (fantasy-like) quality of her work. Ono and Lennon became friends, and later lovers, as each lost interest in their spouses. Lennon wanted them to be together as much as possible. He broke a rule the Beatles had never to bring a wife or girlfriend to their recording sessions. He brought her along anytime he could. They were married in March 1969, after they were both divorced.
Many Beatles fans blamed Ono for "breaking up" the band through her influence on Lennon. He seemed to many people to have "gone crazy" since meeting her. Some suggest that Ono simply encouraged Lennon to do things he'd already wanted to do, but let himself be talked out of doing in the past – including quitting the Beatles. Ono and Lennon started a new, part-time group they called the Plastic Ono Band. They also tried to have a baby together. Ono miscarried several times, until their son Sean Lennon was born in 1975, on Lennon's 35th birthday. Ono was also able to  with her family, during the 1970s.
Ono was Lennon's "muse", inspiring his music and his creative side, for the rest of his life. The two worked together on both his post-Beatles records, and Ono's wish to also have a music career. She was more interested in "experimental" music than in classical or popular music. Ono's songs and unique style sounded strange to most listeners. It was offensive to many people, who thought Lennon should have either stayed with the Beatles, or made more music in their style. Ono changed her style, and began to write and record more pop songs, but her music never became popular. Years later, some younger musicians (such as The B-52's) admitted they had liked Ono's music. They were inspired by it, as Lennon had been.

Since 1980s 
After Lennon's murderer in 1980, Ono recorded several solo albums. The first was titled Season of Glass. Her later records were praised by some music critics.
When Sean Lennon grew up, he also became a musician. He helped Ono to compile (collect and put in order) her old recordings, and make some new ones. She also revived some of her earlier artwork, and gave the money made from sales and exhibits to charities. Ono recently (2006) appeared at the opening of Love, a Cirque du Soleil show featuring Beatles music, to help promote it.

References 

1933 births
Feminists
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Japanese artists
Musicians from Tokyo
HuffPost writers and columnists
John Lennon
The coast is where land meets the sea. 

The coast also means the land next to the sea, which can also be called the shore, or sea-shore. However, coast is not used to describe where rivers or lakes meet the land - it is only used to describe the sea meeting the land. 

If a house is near to the coast we say it is "on the coast". When we talk about a long part of the coast we call it "the coast-line". 
Sometimes, 'coast' can be part of a place name or the description of a large area. For instance, the East Coast of the United States describes the all of the Eastern side of the United States that is next to the Atlantic Ocean. 

In some countries like England or Australia the people sometimes use the word sea-side for the coast.

Coasts often have many living things living there and provide habitat for many animals and plants.

An example of a coast in Great Britain is the Holderness Coast near Bridlington. This is one of Europe's fast eroding coasts.

Related pages
Shore

Landforms
George Harold Harrison MBE (24 or 25 February 1943 – ) was an English musician. He is best known as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. After the group broke up in 1970, he had a solo career. He made many albums and worked with other musicians including Eric Clapton, Bob Dylan, Phil Spector, Roy Orbison, Tom Petty, and Ravi Shankar. He was also interested in Eastern mysticism and charitable causes.

Early life 
Harrison was born on 24 or 25 February 1943, at 12 Arnold Grove in Wavertree, Liverpool, He was youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves (or Hargrove) Harrison and Louise Harrison, He had one sister and two brothers.
Solo music 
George's best-known album was All Things Must Pass, which he made just after the Beatles broke up. Harrison owned a mansion in England called Friar Park, where he lived from 1970 until he died. He built his own recording studio inside the mansion, which for a time was better than Abbey Road Studios, where the Beatles had made their records. Having a private studio meant Harrison could work on songs and recordings anytime he wanted.
Ravi Shankar came to Harrison during 1971 with news about a war in Bangladesh, where thousands of people had died and millions more were refugees and starving. Shankar asked for Harrison's help to give a benefit show to buy food for them. Harrison called on many of his musician friends, who put together a charity concert with famous people to help the refugees. The Concert for Bangla Desh, a live recording, became a best-selling album, raised money for the refugees, and brought worldwide attention to the problems in their country. It also inspired later benefits, including Live Aid in the 1980s.

Harrison found a new musical partner in the 1980s, when Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra began to write and record songs with him. The two men worked well together and became close friends. Harrison and Lynne formed another band, the Traveling Wilburys, with fellow musicians Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Roy Orbison. The Traveling Wilburys recorded two albums, which became hits.
Personal life 
In 1966, Harrison married a model, Pattie Boyd, but they were divorced in 1971, and had no children. Boyd left Harrison to be with his friend, guitarist Eric Clapton, but all three were never friends. Harrison married again in 1978, to American-born Olivia Trinidad Arias, who had worked for his record company. Arias became the mother of Harrison's son Dhani, whose name is comprised of the names of two notes in the Indian music scale. Dhani grew up to be a musician like his father, fronting the band thenewno2.  He went to Brown University in the United States.

In the late 1970s Harrison formed a movie production company, Handmade Films, which produced movies including Monty Python's Life of Brian and Terry Gilliam's Time Bandits.
Death 
In the 1990s, decades of smoking cigarettes caused Harrison to develop throat cancer. He later developed lung cancer, which caused his death in 2001. His family issued a last statement from him: "Everything else can wait, but the search for God cannot wait, and love one another." Even music was not as important to Harrison as his wanting people to learn to get along with each other, and to make the world a better place.

A year after Harrison's death, Jeff Lynne, Dhani Harrison, the two remaining Beatles (Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr), and other musicians held the Concert for George, which remembered Harrison's music, his life, and his gifts to humanity. All the profits from the concert were given to charity.

Best-known songs
Best-known songs

In the Beatles 
 "I Need You" (appeared in the movie Help!)
 "If I Needed Someone"
 "Taxman"
 "Within You, Without You" (a raga from Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band)
 "While My Guitar Gently Weeps"
 "Something"
 "Here Comes the Sun"
 "I Me Mine" (featured in the movie Let It Be)

Solo 
 "What is Life"
 "My Sweet Lord"
 "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace On Earth)"
 "Ding Dong: Ding Dong" (a New Year's Eve perennial)
 "Crackerbox Palace" (named for Lord Buckley's former home in California)
 "Blow Away"
 "All Those Years Ago" (a tribute to John Lennon; the recording featured Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney and Linda McCartney)
 "Got My Mind Set on You"

Notes 

1943 births
2001 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from throat cancer
Deaths from lung cancer
English guitarists
The Beatles members
Former Roman Catholics
Note has several meanings.

Note, a short letter or piece of writing
Note (music), a pitch
Banknote, a piece of paper money
Footnote, a note on the bottom of a page
Samsung Galaxy Note, a line of phones by Samsung.
Ravi Shankar (7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012) was one of India's most famous musicians. Shankar was one of the first to bring aspects of traditional Indian music into  Europe and United States|American culture in the 1960s. He was a major influence on George Harrison, who was a member of The Beatles. Shankar is famous for playing the sitar, an Indian stringed instrument. He performed until his death. In 2005 he played at The Proms. His daughters Norah Jones and Anoushka Shankar are also well-known musicians.

References

Indian musicians
1920 births
2012 deaths
A sentence is a group of words that are joined together to mean something. A sentence is the basic unit of language. It expresses a complete thought. It does this by following the grammatical basic rules of syntax. For example: "Ram is walking".

A complete sentence has at least a subject and a main verb to state (declare) a complete thought. Short example: She walks. A subject is the noun (name) which is doing the main verb. The main verb is the activity that the subject is doing. 

In English and many other languages, the first word of a written sentence has a capital letter. At the end of the sentence there is a punctuation mark depending on whether it is a statement, a question, a command, a request or an exclamation.

Phrases and clauses 
A phrase or clause is part of a sentence.p773–777

This is an example of a sentence:
 The dog is happy.
In this sentence, 'The dog' is the subject, and 'is' is the verb.

This is an example of a phrase:
 The happy dog
There is no verb, so we do not know anything about what the happy dog is doing. Therefore, it is not a sentence.

A clause is a sentence within a sentence. Example:
 They milked the cows, and then they made cheese and butter. This sentence has two co-ordinate (~equal) clauses, linked by 'and'.p220 and indranil das

Types of sentence

 A simple sentence has only one clause, and one independent variable. The cat is sleeping.
 A compound sentence has two or more clauses. These clauses are joined with conjunctions, punctuation, or both. The dog is happy, but the cat is sad.
 A complex sentence has one clause with a relative clause. The dog, which is eating the bone, is happy.
 A complex-compound sentence (or compound-complex sentence) has many clauses, at least one of which is a relative clause: The dog, which is eating the bone, is happy, but the cat is sad.
Sentences have different purposes:
 A declarative sentence, or declaration, is the most common type of sentence. It tells something. It ends with a full stop . (The dog is happy.)
 An interrogative sentence, or question, asks something. It ends with a question mark ? (Are you happy?)
 An exclamatory sentence, or exclamation, says something out of the ordinary. It ends with an exclamation mark ! (That dog is the happiest dog I have ever seen!)
 An imperative sentence, or command, tells someone to do something. (Give the dog a bone.)

Basic English sentences 
Here are some sentences written in Basic English:

The sky is blue.

Today is Monday.

Tomorrow is Tuesday.

The baby is smiling.

Sheila is reading a book.

This is the road to take.

Read a book about the history of America.

There are beautiful flowers growing in the garden.

The cushions are new and I feel the comfort they give me.

They are playing in the grounds.

Related pages
 Phrase
 Punctuation
 Word

References 

TYpes of sentences worksheet
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce ()  (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish writer and poet of the modernist movement. He was from Dublin, Ireland. He wore an eyepatch, because of eye damage. He could not see well.

His books are written in a special style. At first he wrote in a way which describes very accurately how life is, in the short story collection called Dubliners.  In his next book, called A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, he started a new style.  It is called stream of consciousness, which is writing all the thoughts that a character has. His work influenced many other writers in the 20th century.

Some books that Joyce wrote are:
 Dubliners (1914)
 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)
 Ulysses (1922)
 Finnegans Wake (1939).
Early life 
James Joyce was the oldest of ten children. He went to a boarding school called Conglowes Wood College and later to Belvedere College.  (College here refers to secondary school not to university as it can in the U.S.) Conglowes was run by Jesuit priests.

When he was very young, his family was rich. Later his father lost most of their money so he had to change schools and go to Belvedere College, which was cheaper.

Family life 
Joyce met Nora Barnacle in 1904 and they began to have a long relationship until his death in 1941. The couple moved out of Dublin to Zürich in 1904, then to Trieste, Paris then back to Zürich. They married in 1931. They had a son and a daughter. Their daughter had a mental illness later in her life. Because he was smart, his parents wanted him to go to college. He studied modern languages at University College Dublin.
Joyce became a very famous writer after he published Ulysses.  He also began to have a lot of problems with his eyes and his family. But he completed his last book, Finnegans Wake by 1939. He died in Zurich.

References 

Irish novelists
Irish poets
 
Writers from Dublin
1882 births
1941 deaths
Up to 1900 
 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire as Roman Emperors.
 524 - King Sigismund of Burgundy is executed at Orleans after an eight-year reign and is succeeded by his brother Godomar.
 880 - The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
 1328 - The Scottish Wars of Independence end: The Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton leads the Kingdom of England to agree to recognize the Kingdom of Scotland as an independent state.
 1351 – Zürich becomes part of Switzerland.
 1460 - Italian seafarer Antonio de Noli, sailing for Portugal, discovers the Cape Verde island of Maio, which he names after the date of his discovery.
 1464 - Edward IV of England marries Elizabeth Woodville.
 1707 – Act of Union joins Scotland and England.
 1759 – Josiah Wedgwood founds the Wedgwood pottery company.
 1776 – The Illuminati are founded in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, by Adam Weishaupt.
1778 - American Revolution: The Battle of Crooked Billet begins in Hatboro, Pennsylvania.
 1785 – Kamehameha I, king of Hawai'i defeats Kalanikupule, creating the Kingdom of Hawai'i.
 1786 – The Opera, the Marriage of Figaro by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is performed for the first time in Vienna, Austria.
 1794 - War of the Pyrenees: The Battle of Boulou ends, in which French forces defeat the Spanish and regain almost the land they had lost to Spain in 1793.
 1834 – British colonies abolish Slavery.
 1840 – The Penny Black postage stamp, is introduced in the UK.
 1844 – The Hong Kong police force is founded.
 1851 – Queen Victoria announces the beginning of the Great Exhibition in London.
 1852 - The Philippines Peso is introduced into circulation.
 1856 - The province of Isabela is created in the Philippines.
 1863 – The Stainless Banner is adopted as the flag of the Confederate States of America.
 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins.
1865 – Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay sign the Treaty of the Triple Alliance.
 1875 - Alexandra Palace in London re-opens after being burned down in a fire in 1873.
 1884 - Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first African American to play a professional baseball game in the US.
 1893 - The World's Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.
 1898 - Spanish-American War: Battle of Manila Bay - The United States Navy destroys the Spanish Pacific fleet in the first battle of the war.
 1900 – The Scofield Mine disaster in Utah kills 200 men.