Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Places and sights 
Anglesey does not have a capital. Instead, it has a County Council Office in the town of Llangefni. It was once famous for its markets. There are lots of good beaches on the island. A ferry between the island and Ireland is located at Holyhead which is the largest town on the island. There is also a small tidal island called Llanddwyn island. On the island there are ruins of a church, a large lighthouse and a Christian cross. Anglesey is quite a flat island but there are several hills near the middle of the island and one larger hill in the west of the island.

The oldest suspension bridge carrying a main road joins Anglesey to the rest of Wales. It is called the Menai Bridge and is shares its name with the town on the Anglesey end of the bridge.

Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is a village that is known for it's long name
Other websites 
 Anglesey Community Forums - All Welcome 
 Anglesey Tourist Information
 Anglesey Today
 Anglesey History
 Isle of Anglesey County Council / Cyngor Sir Ynys Môn 
 The Anglesey Edge - local and tourist information 

Islands of the United Kingdom
Geography of Wales
Plateosaurus is a prosauropod dinosaur genus. They lived during the Upper Triassic period, around 214 to 294 million years ago in what is now Europe.

They were very common in their day. Over 100 skeletons have been found, some of them nearly complete. Many fossils have come from Swabia, Germany.

Plateosaurus was the first long-necked plant eater in the Triassic. An adult Plateosaurus could weigh up to  and grow  long. They  had plump plant-crushing teeth, powerful hind limbs, short but muscular arms and grasping hands with large claws on three fingers. They probably used their sharp thumb claws to defend themselves against predators.

The explanation of the large number of skeletons is that the areas were probably mud-traps.

References

Prosauropods
Triassic dinosaurs
Cotton Mather (February 12, 1663 – February 13, 1728) was a politically important Puritan minister and writer. He lived in North America before the creation of the United States in the area that is now known as Boston, Massachusetts. Cotton Mather was the son of minister Increase Mather. He is most well known for his connection to the Salem witch trials.

References 
 Cotton Mather, the Puritan priest. Barrett Wendell. Dodd, Mead & co. New York. 1891

1663 births
1728 deaths
American Calvinists
Christian religious leaders
American Christian writers
Colonial Americans
Puritanism
Salem Witch Trials
Writers from Boston
Linda Louise McCartney, Lady McCartney (née Eastman; September 24, 1941 – April 17, 1998) was the first wife of musician Paul McCartney. She was the mother of artists Heather McCartney and Mary McCartney, fashion designer Stella McCartney, and musician James McCartney. Her father was attorney Lee Eastman, whose law partner was his son (Linda's brother) John Eastman. Her mother was Louise Linder, who was an heiress to a department store fortune.

Early life 
Linda grew up in Scarsdale, New York, and attended Sarah Lawrence College. She enjoyed music, and sang girl group songs with friends. When The Beatles became famous in America, she attended one of their concerts. She never considered a musical career.

Linda married got married to a geologist, John See, and they had a daughter, named Heather. See wanted to move to Africa to work, and take his wife and daughter. Linda did not want to go, and they were divorced. She became a photographer, and took pictures for magazines and the press.
Before long, she began to photograph rock bands and singers. She became well known for this. The Rolling Stones once made her the exclusive photographer for one of their public appearances. In time, she visited England, to photograph the pop stars there.

The Beatles 
Linda had been attracted most of all to John Lennon of the Beatles when she first saw them. In person, though, she was charmed more by another Beatle, Paul McCartney, when they met. McCartney was engaged to actress Jane Asher, but she wanted to wait to have children, and McCartney did not. Their engagement ended. McCartney loved to spend time with Linda's daughter Heather, and the three of them seemed to make a family. Linda and Heather moved into McCartney's home during 1968.
After the Beatles 
Paul McCartney suffered from depression for a time, when the Beatles ended. It had been his longtime band, made up of good friends, and he had lost both. He turned to his family for comfort. Linda and their children were always there. McCartney and Lennon argued in the media, and Linda also took verbal jabs at Lennon and Yoko Ono. Surprisingly, when they met in person, everyone usually acted in a completely different way, and were kind to each other.

Linda began to sing with her husband, and to help him to write new songs. He wanted her to do this, and liked her input. He also wanted to perform again for small audiences, as the Beatles had done in their early days. He taught Linda to play piano, so she could share in the experience. Linda did not become a virtuoso musician or singer, but she added to the sound of McCartney's new band, which he called Wings. The couple enjoyed performing together, as part of a band.
Adding other musicians, Wings began to play small shows, sometimes turning up at a school or club in the morning and asking to play, for no charge. As they played more, they began to give regular concerts, and to go on tours. The McCartneys would bring their children along during their school vacations. The McCartney children did not realise their parents were celebrities, and the family atmosphere between all of them was strong.

Although now a musician, Linda continued her photography, and published books of her works. She and McCartney also became vegetarians, out of their love of animals. Linda became an advocate for animal rights and related causes. She learned and made recipes for vegetarian meals, and began to write cookbooks.
After Wings ended, Linda still recorded and performed with her husband, but she was now recognized as an activist for social causes, and for charity work. She launched a line of vegetarian frozen dinners. They became popular, and in time made Linda wealthy on her own. Paul McCartney was knighted in 1997, and Linda was named Lady McCartney.

In 1995, she was diagnosed with breast cancer, which McCartney's mother died of in 1956. Medicine had advanced since that time, but Linda died of breast cancer in 1998, at the Arizona ranch she owned with her husband. A memorial service was held in London, England, and former Beatles George Harrison and Ringo Starr attended, marking the last time they and Paul McCartney appeared and performed together in public.

References 

1941 births
1998 deaths
American pianists
Cancer deaths in Arizona
Deaths from breast cancer
Jewish American musicians
Musicians from New York City
Paul McCartney
Singers from New York City
The Beatles
Fethiye is a city and district in the Mugla Province in Turkey. It is on the "Turquoise Coast". 59,425 people live there. There is a big harbor in the town and a marina. There are no beaches in Fethiye town, but there are many nice beaches around Oludeniz, a nearby town. There is a number of different places to stay including hotels.

The ancient name for the town was Telmessos. There are a number of historic sites including rock tombs. These were dug into cliffs by the Lycians. The tomb of Amnytas was built in the 4th century BC. Next to the harbor is a castle built by the Knights of Rhodes. In nearby villages there are also many historic sites including a temple to Apollo at Letoon, which is a World Heritage Site.

References

Other websites 
 All About Fethiye 

Cities in Muğla Province
N-Dubz are a British hip hop and R&B group based in Camden Town, London. They released four albums, including a greatest hits album. They were signed to All Around the World records. They were featured on Tinchy Stryder's number one single, "Number 1".

Early years
Early years 

All of the members of N-Dubz attended school at St Johns Wood Secondary in Camden Town. They came together as a group managed by Costadinos "Dino" Contostavlos's father, Byron Contostavlos (formerly of Mungo Jerry), who died on 12 April 2007. They described him as the "inspiration behind the band". The band is made up of Dino, known as Dappy and Tula, known as Tulisa, who are cousins and their best friend Richard, known better as Fazer. Each appeared on Channel 4's Dubplate Drama after they began to be noticed as a group. Performing as the Lickle Rinsers Crew, they released the singles "Bad Man Riddim" and "Life Is Getting Sicker by the Day". Both became hits on English pirate radio stations. Their last independent release, "Better Not Waste My Time", was number one on Channel U for 5 weeks before dropping out and then rising again. They have received 3 MOBO awards, for Best Newcomer, Best Act, and Best Album. They won the Digital Award at 02 Silver Clef Awards in 2008.

Members
Members

Tulisa 
Tulisa is the singer and mostly sings the choruses and second verses as well as ad-libbing, saying 'uh-oh, uh-oh' at the beginning of many N-Dubz tracks. She also sometimes sings the first verse on the group's songs. Her real name is Tula Paulina Contostavlos.

Fazer 
Fazer is the co-producer and writer of the group. He raps as well but his main role is to produce in-studio beats and produce the tracks. His real name is Rayan Rawson and he is of Jamaican and English heritage. He has a daughter.

Dappy 
Dappy is of Greek ancestry and is most famous for what has been dubbed the "Dappy Hat", he is the lead rapper. His real name is Costadinos Contostavlos. He always opens his songs with the words "Na na naii". He has two sons.

Discography

References
References 

2000 establishments in England
2011 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English hip hop bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 2000
Musical groups from London
English R&B bands
Subclass could mean:

 Subclass (biology), a taxonomic rank intermediate between class and superorder
 Subclass (computer science), a class that is derived from another class or classes
 Subclass (database theory), a class which inherits its data members and methods of their superclasses
 Subclass (set theory), a class contained in some other class in the same way that a subset is a set contained in some other set

et:Alamklass
66 is a year in the 1st century.

Events 
 July 19 – Great Fire of Rome, first Roman mass persecution of Christians, earliest significant recognition of Christians in Rome

60s
70 is a year in the 1st century.

Events 
August – destruction of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans under Titus.
674 was a common year.

Events 
 Saint Benedict Biscop founds the Monastery at Monkwearmouth, now part of Sunderland

674
Pachycephalosaurus was a genus of dinosaur which lived during the last five million years of the Upper Cretaceous. It lived in what is now North America. 

This member of the Pachycephalosaurid family is known from a single skull and a few thick skull roofs. From this it is estimated that its length was about 4.5 to 5 metres long (about 15 feet). 

Pachycephalosaurus was a herbivore. It lived on a mixed diet of leaves, seeds, and fruit. The sharp, serrated teeth would have been very effective for shredding plants.

References 

Pachycephalosauria
Utopia  is a name for an imaginary community or society with a perfect system of laws and politics. 

Sir Thomas More invented the word for his 1516 book Utopia. The book was about a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean. The word has been used to describe both a perfect society, and societies in literature. A related idea is dystopia.

There have been many utopias based on politics, economics, religion, ecology. Some of these have been propagated in books and pamphlets, some as actual communities. In practice, attempts to create utopias seem doomed, as good intentions run against problems. Most of the literary utopias are actually satires of existing societies.

Utopia is Greek for no place, related words include eutopia, meaning good place in Greek, paradise, Shangra La and Xanadu.
Literature examples 
Plato's Republic by Plato (~380 BCE) is one of the earliest conceptions of a utopia.
The City of God by Augustine of Hippo, (413–426 AD) describes an ideal city, the "eternal" Jerusalem, the archetype of all Christian utopias.
New Atlantis by Francis Bacon (1627).
Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726), a satire on human nature and on 'travellers tales'.
Erewhon by Samuel Butler (1872), a satirical utopia.
News from Nowhere by William Morris (1892). Nowhere: a place without politics, a future society based on common ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
A Modern Utopia by H. G. Wells (1905).
Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell (1949), a dystopia.

References

Society
Jeffrey Nerro Hardy (born August 31, 1977) is an American professional wrestler, painter and musician. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is also known for his time with WWE.

Career 
Hardy says that Sting, The Ultimate Warrior, and Shawn Michaels were the reasons why he wanted to get into wrestling as a child. Jeff had been seen on WWF television as early as age 16. His first WWF match was against The 1-2-3 Kid and came on May 25, 1994 in Erie, Pennsylvania. Early on, Jeff, along with his brother Matt and friends, started their own wrestling organization, the TWF (Trampoline Wrestling Federation). In it they would perform many of the moves they saw on TV. The federation eventually became a part of a county fair in North Carolina, U.S.. Jeff, Matt, and friends then began to work for other independent wrestling companies. They drove all over the East Coast of the United States, working for companies many small companies.

World Wrestling Federation
The Hardy Boys (1998-2002) 
The Hardy brothers eventually caught the eyes of the World Wrestling Federation. Jeff was only 16 at the time. After being signed to a contract in 1998, they were trained by Dory Funk, Jr. in his Funkin' Dojo. They were trained with other notable wrestlers such as Kurt Angle, Christian, Test, and A-Train. When the team was finally brought up to WWF TV, they formed the tag team called The Hardy Boys. During this time, they were managed by Michael Hayes. In 1999, they fought mainly with Edge and Christian.

The team of Matt and Jeff won the WWE Tag Team Championship six times. Because of this, they would be known as one of the most successful tag teams in WWE history. In 2000, Matt and Jeff found a new manager in their real-life friend Lita. Together, the three became known as "Team Extreme".
Jeff was well known for his high risk stunts in many of the Hardy Boys' matches. He made a name for himself because of the risks he took during this time. In 2001, Jeff would also hold the WWE Intercontinental, Light Heavyweight and Hardcore Championships.

Singles competition (2002-2003) 
After years in the tag team division, Jeff fought The Undertaker in a Ladder match for the Championship. Jeff did not win, but earned the Undertaker's respect. Jeff competed for singles titles several times, but did not win.

Jeff was released from WWE on April 22, 2003. The reasons given for the release were Jeff's strange behavior, drug use, and not showing up for matches. Hardy also said "burn out" and the need for time off were reasons for leaving WWE.
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2004-2006) 
Hardy started wrestling in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling on June 23, 2004 at the TNA pay-per-view, the Second Anniversary Show. He was in a match against A.J. Styles for the X - Division title. The match ended in a no-contest when Kid Kash and Dallas interfered. Hardy returned to TNA on July 21 and was given a chance to fight for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. Hardy challenged for the title on September 8 but lost to NWA World Heavyweight Champion Jeff Jarrett.

WWE (2006-2009)
WWE (2006-2009) 

On August 4 2006, WWE announced that Hardy was working with the company again. He returned on the August 21 episode of RAW. On the day of his return, Hardy defeated Edge by disqualification when Lita pulled Edge out of the ring. After failing to win the Intercontinental Championship from John Morrison over the next few weeks, Hardy finally defeated Morrison to win his second Intercontinental Championship on the October 2 edition of RAW. On the November 6 episode of RAW, Hardy lost the Intercontinental Championship back to John Morrison. Just a week after he lost the title to Morrison, Hardy won it again on the November 13 edition of RAW. This was Hardy's third time as Intercontinental Champion.

On the November 21 episode of Extreme Championship Wrestling Jeff teamed with his brother Matt for the first time in almost five years to defeat the Full Blooded Italians.
With Jeff Hardy still feuding with John Morrison in 2007, Jeff was challenged once again by John Morrison at New Year's Revolution 2007 for the Intercontinental Championship. Hardy once again defeated Morrison. Hardy later lost the title to Umaga. On the September 3 edition of RAW, Jeff successfully captured his 4th WWE Intercontinental Championship by defeating Umaga for the title. At Armageddon 2007, Hardy will fight Triple H, with the winner getting a WWE Championship match at the Royal Rumble. This match was seen to many as the most important match of Hardy's career, as his win against Triple H has finally moved Hardy into the top level of the roster and the race for the WWE Championship. However, he lost to Randy Orton at the Royal Rumble. He will fight in the Elimination Chamber at No Way Out on February 17th for a place in the main event at Wrestlemania.
Jeff Hardy came second in the Elimation Chamber match, being beaten by Triple H. He has competed in various matches and was going to WrestleMania XXIV to fight in the Money in the Bank ladder match. Jeff lost the Intercontinental Championship to Chris Jericho on the March 10 edition of RAW. The next day, it was confirmed that Jeff Hardy had been put on 60-day suspension, as he failed his second drug test. This meant that he did not compete at WrestleMania.

Jeff Hardy returned in the May 12, 2008 edition of RAW, when General Manager William Regal told him he was to pay for his "sins" (read the paragraph before) by fighting Umaga. Jeff Hardy won with a "[[#In wrestling|Whisper in the Wind]]".
On December 14, 2008 at Armageddon, he won the WWE Championship, his first world championship. During the next month, Hardy had several accidents, including a car accident and a pyrotechnics accident. Hardy's brother, Matt was revealed as the person behind the accidents, and interfered in his match at the Royal Rumble, causing Hardy to lose the WWE Championship to Edge. Matt defeated Hardy in an Extreme Rules match at WrestleMania XXV, but Hardy defeated Matt in an "I Quit" match at Backlash. At WWE Extreme Rules, Hardy defeated Edge in a ladder match to win the World Heavyweight Championship, but lost the championship immediately after wards to CM Punk, who cashed in his Money in the Bank briefcase.
He then was in a two-month feud with CM Punk. Ultimately, he lost when he entered a Loser Leaves Town Match in a steel cage.

TNA Return 2010-present
Hardy returns to TNA on January 4, 2010. On March 8th, he saves Hulk Hogan And the pope D'Anglo Dinero. He returns when he defeats then TNA World Heavyweight Champion AJ Styles in a non-title match. On April 4th, he was revealed as part of Hulk Hogan's team for Lockdown.

In wrestling 

 Finishing moves
Reverse of Fate (Inverted facelock neckbreaker slam) - used rarely
 Spine Line (Armlock cloverleaf) – OMEGA; used as a regular move in TNA
 Swanton Bomb / The Swanton (High-angle senton bomb)
 Twist of Fate / Twist of Hate (Front facelock dropped either into a cutter – WWF/E / TNA or a stunner – TNA)
 Signature moves
 Alley Oop facebuster
 Baseball slide
 Diving clothesline, sometimes from the barricade
 Double leg drop to an opponent's midsection
 Handspring Stinger splash
 Hardyac Arrest (Rope-aided corner dropkick)
 Mule kick
 Plancha
 One-man Poetry in Motion
 While he is positioned at either the top rope or on another ladder, Hardy performs a diving leg drop or a splash after leapfrogging over a ladder
 Sitout inverted suplex slam
 Sitout jawbreaker
 Split leg pin
 Whisper in the Wind (Turnbuckle climb into a rebounded corkscrew senton to a standing opponent)
 Managers
 Gangrel
 Michael Hayes
 Lita
 Trish Stratus
 Terri
 Nicknames
 "The Charismatic/Extreme Enigma" (WWE / TNA)
"The Legend Thriller" (WWE)
 "The Rainbow–Haired Warrior"  (WWE)
 "The Anti-Christ of Professional Wrestling" (TNA)
 "The Best Wrestler on Planet Earth" (TNA)
 "The Artist" (TNA)
 Entrance themes
 World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment
 "Loaded" by Zack Tempest (1999 – 2003, 2006 – 2008, 2009)
 "No More Words" by EndeverafteR (2008 – 2009)
 Total Nonstop Action
 "Modest" by Peroxwhy?gen (2004 – 2006)
 "Modest" (2010 Remix) by Peroxwhy?gen (2010, 2011)
 "Another Me" by Jeff Hardy and Dale Oliver (2010 – 2011)
 "Immortal Theme" by Dale Oliver (2010 – 2011; Used while a part of Immortal)
 "Resurrected" by Jeff Hardy and Dale Oliver (2011 – 2012)
 "Similar Creatures" by Jeff Hardy and Dale Oliver (2012 – 2013)
 "Time & Fate" by Jeff Hardy and Dale Oliver (October 20, 2013 – November 21, 2013; July 10, 2014 – present)
 "Willow's Way" by Jeff Hardy and Dale Oliver (as Willow; March 9, 2014 – July 10, 2014)
 Ring of Honor
 "Tourniquet" by Marilyn Manson (2003)
 Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts
National Championship Wrestling
 NCW Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 New Dimension Wrestling
 NDW Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 New Frontier Wrestling Association
 NFWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 North East Wrestling
 NEW Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 NWA 2000
 NWA 2000 Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Matt Hardy
 Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts
 OMEGA New Frontiers Championship (1 time) (First)
 OMEGA Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Matt Hardy
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI Match of the Year (2000) with Matt Hardy vs. The Dudley Boyz and Edge and Christian in the Triangle ladder match at WrestleMania 2000
 PWI Tag Team of the Year (2000) with Matt Hardy
 PWI Match of the Year (2001) with Matt Hardy vs. The Dudley Boyz]and Edge and Christian in the TLC IIat WrestleMania X-Seven
 PWI ranked him # 418 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003.
 PWI Comeback of the Year (2007)
 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 Bound for Glory Series (2012)
 Wrestler of the Year (2012)
 Universal Wrestling Association
 UWA World Middleweight Championship (1 time)
 World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
 World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 WWE Championship (1 time)
 WWE European Championship (1 time)
 WWF Hardcore Championship (3 times)
 WCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Matt Hardy)
 WWF/E Intercontinental Championship (4 times)
 WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 World Tag Team Championship (6 times) (with Matt Hardy)
 Terri Invitational Tournament (with Matt Hardy)
 Eleventh Grand Slam Champion
 Eighteenth Triple Crown Champion
 Slammy Award for Extreme Moment of the Year (2008) (Swanton Bomb to Randy Orton from the top of the Raw set (Raw, January 14))
 Slammy Award for Extreme Moment of the Year (2009) (Jumping from ladder onto CM Punk at SummerSlam)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
 Best Flying Wrestler (2000)
Feud of the Year (2009) vs. CM Punk
 Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic (2008) (Hardy attacked in stairwell before Survivor Series)
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (2011) (vs. Sting at Victory Road)
Notes

References

Other websites 

 WWE.com Profile
 The Hardy Show 
 The Hardy Show at MySpace
 
 Jeff Hardy at WrestlingRevealed.com 

1977 births
Living people
All Elite Wrestling people
American painters
American professional wrestlers
American rock musicians
Former WWE wrestlers
Impact Wrestling alumni
Sportspeople from North Carolina
Durban (Zulu: eThekwini; IPA: ) has the third largest population of a city in South Africa. It is in the province KwaZulu-Natal.

History 
It is thought that the first known inhabitants of the Durban area arrived from the north around 100,000 BC, according to carbon dating of rock art found in caves in the Drakensberg. These people lived in the central plains of KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of Bantu people from the north during the last millennium.

Sister cities 
Durban's sister cities are:
  Alexandria, Egypt
  Chicago, Illinois, United States
  Eilat, Israel
  Leeds, England (United Kingdom)
  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  Guangzhou, China

Partner cities 
 Rotterdam, The Netherlands

References 

 Municipal Demarcation Board 
  
 Independent Electoral Commission 2004 election results

Other websites
Other websites 

 Official Durban city website 
 Durban Art Deco Directory 
 Accommodation in Durban 
 Durban harbour
 Google Maps
 durbanscouts.za.net Events, culture, news and information from Durban 
 Business in Durban 
 Durban Shack Dwellers' Organisation
 South Africa Today A YouTube Channel giving news updates on SA's high crime situation for tourists, business and media. Based in Durban, South Africa.

 
1880 establishments
1880s establishments in South Africa
KwaZulu-Natal
Bantu is a general term for over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, that have a common language family (the Bantu languages) and in many cases common customs.

Bibliography 
 J. Desmond Clark, The Prehistory of Africa, Thames and Hudson, 1970
 April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon, Understanding Contemporary Africa, Lynne Riener, London, 1996
 Kevin Shillington, History of Africa, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1995 (1989)

Ethnic groups in Africa
In the United Kingdom, a Knight Bachelor is a man who is a knight, (has the title Sir) but who is neither a:
 senior member of one of the orders of chivalry, sometimes called orders of knighthood, nor
 a baronet.

In the 1920s, the Society of Knights Bachelor were allowed to wear a special badge on the days when other knights would wear their insignia.

The title is not hereditary, so it cannot be passed on to the knight's children, but a baronet's title can be inherited.

Men who get some jobs, such as senior judges, are made Knights Bachelor. Women cannot be knights bachelor, so if they get one of those jobs, they are made Dames of the Order of the British Empire (DBE)

Knights Bachelor have no post-nominal letters (letters after their name to show they are a knight), unlike knights of the orders of knighthood, who use letters like KBE, or GBE etc., or baronets who put Bt or Bart after their name.
A digital system is a something that represents information by using digits. Each digit represents a small amount of information because each digit comes from a small set of choices. A digit can be decimal (one of the ten choices from 0 through 9), as in the display of a digital clock. A digit can be binary (either 0 or 1).  A binary digit is called a bit. Digital computers and digital communication like the internet usually use binary. The meaning of each bit depends on the place where it is used. For example, a bit can represent 'Yes' or 'No', or it can represent 'True' or 'False'. A large amount of information, like a picture, can be represented by using a list of many bits. 

A digital system is different than an analogue (US- analog) system, which represents information in a continuous way. 

The word digital is most commonly used in computing and electronics.

Usage
 Digital electronics
 Computer

Electronics
Hans Christian Oersted (14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist. He is best known for discovering a relationship between electricity and magnetism, a field now known as electromagnetism.Oersted discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted (Oe) are named after him. He also discovered that aluminium was an element.

Oersted was also a writer and poet. His poetry series Luftskibet ("Airship") was inspired by the balloon flights of his physicist friend, Étienne-Gaspard Robert.

References 

1777 births
1851 deaths
Danish physicists
Danish chemists
An ammeter is a measuring tool used to measure the flow of electric current in a circuit. The electric current is measured in amperes; for this reason, some people call the ammeters as ampmeters, by mistake. It can measure 'resistance' of a current, speed of a current and force of a current (the units used are ohms, amperes, and volts) Ammeters are connected in series in a circuit with two connections.

Related pages
 Voltmeter

Measuring tools
In electronics, a voltage divider is an electrical circuit which creates an output voltage which is proportional to an input voltage. Voltage dividers are also known as resistor divider and potential divider. It can be made of two resistors or it can be one potentiometer (variable resistor). The output voltage is depends on component values, or on the setting of the potentiometer. When an electrical load gets power from the divider's center point, the voltage may change.

Electronic circuits
English Heritage is an organisation of the United Kingdom government (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). It manages many monuments of the historic environment of England. It was set up under the terms of the National Heritage Act 1983. Before the Department of the Environment had had these functions. 

English Heritage takes care of many important historical and archaeological sites, from Stonehenge to the world's first iron bridge. But it has responsibilities in conservation, giving advice, registering and protecting the historic environment as well.  It also maintains a public archive, the National Monuments Record (NMR).

Equivalent organisations
 Wales — Cadw
 Scotland — Historic Scotland
 Northern Ireland — Environment and Heritage Service
 Republic of Ireland — Office of Public Works

Other websites
English Heritage website
Images of England website 
Chief Executive website

History of England
Conservation organisations of the United Kingdom
1983 establishments in England
The Filioque clause is a part of the Nicene Creed that not all Christians agree about. Filioque is Latin. In the context (of the Nicene Creed) it means and from the Son.  The main parties involved are the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church rejects this change, the Catholic Church, as well as most Protestant and the Anglican Church accept it.

The Latin text is given below, the change is highlighted. This was added in the Catholic version.

This is usually translated into English as:

Many Eastern Catholic Churches have the same version as the Eastern Orthodox Churches. They do however believe what the added words say.

References

Christianity of the Middle Ages
Christian creeds
Christian terminology
Krokus is a hard rock band from Switzerland.

Discography
Studio albums
 Krokus (1976)
 To You All (1977)
 Painkiller / Play It In Metal (1978)
 Metal Rendez-vous (1980)
 Hardware (1981)
 One Vice at a Time (1982)
 Headhunter (1983)
 The Blitz (1984)
 Change of Address (1986)
 Heart Attack (1988)
 Stampede (1990)
 To Rock or Not to Be (1995)
 Round 13 (1999)
 Rock the Block (2003)
 Hellraiser (2006)
 Hoodoo (2010)
 Dirty Dynamite (2013)
 TBA (2015)

Heavy metal bands
Hard rock bands
Swiss musical groups
Musical groups established in 1974
1974 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Switzerland
1970s music groups
1980s music groups
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Historic Scotland was an agency of the Scottish Executive responsible for historic monuments in Scotland.  It was closed in 2015 and its job was given to Historic Environment Scotland.

Its website stated: 
"Historic Scotland was created as an agency in 1991 and was attached to the Scottish Executive Education Department, which embraces all aspects of the cultural heritage, in May 1999. As part of the Scottish Executive Historic Scotland is directly accountable to Scottish Ministers for safeguarding the nation's built heritage, and promoting its understanding and enjoyment."

It has direct responsibility for maintaining and running over 200 monuments.

As an arm of government, Historic Scotland had similar functions to its counterparts in other parts of the United Kingdom:

English Heritage in England
Cadw in Wales,
Environment and Heritage Service in Northern Ireland.

Other website
Official website

References
References

Conservation organisations of the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Edinburgh
1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
2015 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Scottish Government
Loudness is a heavy metal band from Japan. The band was founded in 1981 by singer Akira Takasaki and drummer Munetaka Higuchi. Loudness was the first Japanese heavy metal band to be signed to a recording contract in the United States.

References

Other websites 
Loudness Official Homepage 
Takasaki.net Loudness 
Loudness' page on MySpace

Japanese heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Osaka
The Gulf of Oman is an arm of the Arabian Sea that borders Iran and south-western Pakistan to the north and Oman and the United Arab Emirates to the south. The Gulf of Oman used to be called The Sea of Oman on old maps.

References 

Gulfs
Geography of Iran
Geography of Oman
Geography of Pakistan
The Gulag was a vast network of "slave labor" camps run by the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s. Ever since the Soviet Union was founded in 1917, it imprisoned people who spoke out against it or were otherwise dangerous. Imperial Russia in previous decades had a similar system of prison camps. But the Soviet Union camp system grew to be one of the largest prison systems in existence. The Soviet camp-system was set up under Vladimir Lenin.
It  reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the early 1950s. 

The Gulag was run at first by the GPU (State Political Directorate), later by the NKVD and in the last years by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD). The internment system grew rapidly, reaching a population of 100,000 in the 1920s. According to Nicolas Werth, the yearly mortality rate in the Soviet concentration camps varied, reaching 5% (1933) and 20% (1942–1943) and dropped in the post-war years to about 1 to 3% per year at the beginning of the 1950s.
Soviet leaders believed it was right to put these people to work and make their labor and goods part of the national economy. In fact, two out of every hundred workers in the Soviet Union were gulag prisoners. By 1936, there were 5,000,000 prisoners in the gulags.

Location 
Even though the Gulag is often associated with Siberia, labor camps were built across the Soviet Union. Siberian camps greatly simplified the problem of keeping prisoners from running away, though it was harder to feed these camps and move goods in and out because the camps were so far away.

Decline and legacy 
The Gulag system declined during the 1950s after the death of Joseph Stalin, and many people were released starting in 1954.  The Gulag program was ended with a government decree in 1960.

According to the Gulag administration, 10 million people were sent to the gulags between 1934 and 1947.  However, Western scholars estimate that between 1918 and 1956, 15 to 30 million died in the gulags.
Former prisoner and Nobel Prize-winning author Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote two books about the Gulag: One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich  and The Gulag Archipelago.

When Nikita Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union, he began a "De-Stalinization" process. He made a secret speech, in which he denounced Stalin as having committed many murders of innocent people in Gulags and elsewhere, including Katyn massacre and slaughter of Poles in Ukraine & Belarus in 1937 and 1938.

References

Human rights abuses
Law of the Soviet Union
Concentration camps
A multimeter or a multitester is an electronic measuring tool that is a combination of several tools in one unit. It usually includes an ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter. Digital multimeters are sometimes called DMM too.

Modern multimeters can be used to measure electrical quantities other than current, resistance and voltage. For example, they can be used to measure frequency, capacitance, transistors Hfe and temperature.

The multimeter can make many tests, so it is often called "multitester".  When measuring resistance it acts as an ohmmeter, showing ohms.  For volts it would be a Voltmeter.  Sometimes it is called a mixture of things like  Volt/ohm meter or VOM. Most meters can measure volts, amps, and resistance.
How it can be measured
The multimeter can be used to measure the voltage of a battery. It can also be used for measuring the voltage across two points in a circuit. The Voltmeter is placed in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the battery. It can also be used to measure resistance and amps hence the name of some meters "Voltmeter, Ohmmeter, and Amperage".

References

Other websites  
 Multimeter Tutorial - Lots of useful information on Digital multimeter usage.

Measuring tools
Hyattsville is a town in Maryland in the USA.  It is about 2 miles from Washington, DC.

References

Cities in Maryland
1886 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Maryland
In tort law, an invitee is a member of the public who has been invited to do business with the owner of a property.  For example, if someone owns a store and invites someone else to come into the store to buy something, the person who is invited is an invitee.

In some places (or jurisdictions), tort law asks whether a person is an invitee when it decides what duty the owner of land has to keep that person safe from harm.

Business law
Luciano Pavarotti  (October 12, 1935 – September 6, 2007) was an Italian tenor and one of the most popular contemporary vocal performers in the world. He not only sang in opera but also in other kinds of music. Known for his televised concerts, media appearances, and as one of the "Three Tenors" (the other two were Plácido Domingo and José Carreras). Pavarotti became enormously popular after a performance of the aria Nessun Dorma from Puccini’s opera  Turandot  for the opening ceremony of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. 

Pavarotti was also well known for his award-winning charity work for raising money on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross.

Early life 
Luciano Pavarotti was born in Modena in north-central Italy. His father was a baker who also liked to sing, his mother worked in a cigar factory. The family did not have much money. During World War II they lived in the countryside on a farm.
Pavarotti started to listen to his father’s recordings of famous tenors of the day such as Beniamino Gigli, Giovanni Martinelli, Tito Schipa and Enrico Caruso. At around the age of nine he began singing with his father in a small local church choir. He was a normal boy who liked playing football and even thought of being a professional soccer goalkeeper, but his mother said he should be a teacher. His father said he would continue to support him, but once he was 30 years old he would have to earn money to support himself.

Pavarotti began singing lessons seriously in 1954 at the age of 19. He met a singer called Adua Veroni. He married her in 1961. Pavarotti had to earn money, so he became a teacher, and then an insurance salesman. For several years he just gave a few recitals without being paid for them. Then he had problems with his throat and stopped singing for a short time, and, surprisingly, this helped his voice to become really good.
Career 
Pavarotti made his opera début in the role of Rodolfo in La bohème by Puccini on April 29, 1961 in the town of Reggio Emilia. Soon he was singing in: the Vienna State Opera. He sang in the United States with Joan Sutherland. In 1965 he sang at La Scala, probably the most famous of all opera houses. He was singing in the famous Franco Zeffirelli production of La Bohème, with Mirella Freni singing Mimi and Herbert von Karajan conducting. . His first appearance as Tonio in Donizetti's La fille du régiment took place at Covent Garden on June 2 of that year. It was his performances of this role that made people call him the "King of the High Cs" (The note C above Middle C is a very high note for a tenor to sing).
Pavarotti learned many more operatic roles and sang all over the world. In 1972, he sang in a production of La fille du régiment by Donizetti at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The audience were amazed when he sang nine high Cs. They applauded so much that he had 17 curtain calls. He sang the role of Rodolfo in (La bohème) in the first Live From The Met telecast in March of 1977, which attracted one of the largest audiences ever for a televised opera. He won many Grammy awards and platinum and gold discs for his performances. 

In 1976 Pavarotti sang at the Salzburg Festival appearing in a solo recital. He returned to the festival in 1978 with a recital and as the Italian singer in Der Rosenkavalier, in 1983 with Idomeneo, and both in 1985 and 1988 with solo recitals.
In 1977 there was a cover story in Time Magazine about him . That same year saw Pavarotti's return to the Vienna State Opera where he had not been for 14 years. With Herbert von Karajan conducting Pavarotti sang Manrico in Il trovatore. In 1978, he appeared in a solo recital on Live from Lincoln Center.

He made his international recital début at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri in 1973 as part of the college’s Fine Arts Program, now known as the Harriman-Jewell Series. Perspiring due to nerves and a cold, he kept a handkerchief in his hand all the way through the concert. The handkerchief was often associated with him after that during his solo performances.

1980s–1990s 
At the beginning of the 1980s, he set up The Pavarotti International Voice Competition for young singers, performing with the winners in 1982 in excerpts of La bohème and L'elisir d'amore. The competition gave young people a chance to start their singing careers. It was repeated in 1982. They even travelled to China.
In 1992 Pavarotti sang in La Scala in a new Zeffirelli production of Don Carlo conducted by Riccardo Muti. Pavarotti's performance was heavily criticized by some observers and booed by some of the audience. The singer never returned to La Scala again after that.
Pavarotti became even more well-known throughout the world in 1990 when his sang Giacomo Puccini's aria, "Nessun Dorma" from Turandot which was used as the theme song for the BBC TV coverage of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. The aria made him a kind of pop star and it remained his trademark song. This was followed by the hugely successful Three Tenors concert held on the eve of the World Cup final at the ancient Baths of Caracalla in Rome with fellow tenors Plácido Domingo and José Carreras and conductor Zubin Mehta, which became the biggest selling classical record of all time. The high point of the concert happened when Pavarotti sang a famous part of di Capua's "'O Sole Mio". Domingo and Carreras copied him and the audience enjoyed it very much. This was one of the most remembered moments in opera of our time. Throughout the 1990s, Pavarotti appeared in many big outdoor concerts, including his televised concert in London's Hyde Park which drew a record audience of 150,000
. In June 1993, more than 500,000 listeners gathered for his performance on the Great Lawn of New York's Central Park, while millions more around the world watched on television. The following September, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, he sang for a crowd of about 300,000. Following on from the original 1990 concert, Three Tenors concerts were held during the Football World Cups; in Los Angeles in 1994, in Paris in 1998, and in Yokohama in 2002.
Pavarotti's rise to stardom was not without occasional difficulties, however. He got a reputation as "The King of Cancellations" because he often cancelled performances, and this made him unpopular with some opera houses.

In 1998, Pavarotti was given a very special award: the Grammy Legend Award.

2000s 
In 2002, Pavarotti split with the Herbert Breslin, the man who had been his manager for 36 years. On 13 December 2003 he married his former personal assistant, Nicoletta Mantovani, with whom he already had a daughter. A second child did not survive, due to complications at the time of birth. He started his farewell tour in 2004, at the age of 69, performing one last time in old and new locations, after over 40 years on the stage.

Pavarotti gave his last performance in an opera at the New York Metropolitan Opera on March 13, 2004 for which he received a 12-minute standing ovation for his role as the painter Mario Cavaradossi in Giacomo Puccini's Tosca.
Death
In March 2005, Pavarotti had an operation to his neck. His health began to suffer. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in July 2006. He later died of the disease on 6 September 2007 at his home in Modena.

References

1935 births
2007 deaths
Cancer deaths in Italy
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Emilia-Romagna
20th-century Italian people
Italian opera singers
People from Modena
Italian tenors
In law, negligence is a kind of legal claim that people and organizations can bring if they are hurt. It is a kind of tort. The law calls someone negligent if he hurts someone else, or someone else's property, because he was not careful enough. In a legal case about negligence, the person who brings the lawsuit is called the plaintiff and the person who is being sued is called the defendant.

Negligence case 

The law about negligence is different in many places (or jurisdictions), but for the plaintiff to win, he or she usually has to prove at least four things:

 the defendant had a duty to behave in a certain way;
 the defendant breached that duty;
 the plaintiff was damaged, or harmed as a result; and
 the breach of duty was the cause reasonably predictable cause of the plaintiff's harm.

Duty
Duty 

The defendant's duty is what the law says that he or she has to do. Usually, the law says that people have to be reasonable. That means they have to be careful, use good judgment, and not be unfair to other people. In some cases, the law tells people that they have special duties. In other cases, the law says that people have no duties at all. For example, in most places that use the common law, a person has no legal duty to rescue another person from harm, even if the rescue is very easy and does not cost anything or put anyone else in danger.

Breach 

When people do not follow their duty, the law says that they breach their duty.

Harm 

A plaintiff can usually bring a lawsuit only if he or she has been hurt, or has some other legal harm. The law tells people what kinds of injuries people can sue about.

Cause
Cause 

A plaintiff can usually sue a defendant only if that defendant was the one who hurt the plaintiff. In many cases, it is easy to figure out who hurt someone. But sometimes people get hurt in ways that nobody expects. For example, a defendant might be driving while drunk, and he might hit an electric pole. The electric pole could fall down and cause a neighborhood to lose electric power. As a result, a person two miles away might trip and fall in the dark. The law will decide whether the drunk driver caused the person to trip and fall.

Outside the law 

The word negligence is sometimes used outside the law in a similar way. It means that someone has not been careful enough.

References 

Legal terms
Cytokinesis is the division of cells after either mitosis or meiosis I and II.

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm (the liquid center of the cell that holds the organelles into place) splits into two equal halves, and the cell becomes two daughter cells. This occurs right after the beginning of anaphase (in mitosis and in meiosis I and II).

Cell division continues during telophase (in mitosis and in meiosis I and II) until the cell has completely divided. mitosis and meiosis II starts again after cytokinesis. A new and complete nucleus has been formed in each of the two cells.

Cytokinesis in plants 

In plants cytokinesis is slightly different. As plant cells cannot move apart because of their cell wall, a cell plate begins to form during late anaphase and throughout telophase.