Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Jack Greene (January 7, 1930 - March 14, 2013) was an American country musician. His nickname was the "Jolly Green Giant" because of his height and deep voice. Greene was a long-time member of the Grand Ole Opry. He was nominated for three Grammy Awards.

Greene was born on January 7, 1930, in Maryville, Tennessee, he learned to play guitar at age ten. He was married to Barbara Stidham the mother of his 5 children, Wayne Greene, Lynn Greene (deceased), Tony Greene, Jan Greene & Marty Greene. Greene died on March 14, 2013 in his home in Nashville, Tennessee from Alzheimer's disease, aged 83.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 
 Profile at the Grand Ole Opry 

1930 births
2013 deaths
Country musicians from Tennessee
American singer-songwriters
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Beverly Heather D'Angelo (born November 15, 1951) is an American actress. She acts mostly in movies. She first became well known in the 1983 movie National Lampoon's Vacation. She also acted in many other movies, particularly comedy movies. She was born in Columbus, Ohio.

D'Angelo was in the 1980 movie Coal Miner's Daughter. She shared the Country Music Association award for Album of the Year for that movie's soundtrack.

References

American movie actors
Actors from Ohio
1951 births
Living people
The Staten Island Ferry is a free ferry service that runs between the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Manhattan. The service started in 1817 as the Richmond Turnpike Company. It leaves and arrives in Manhattan from the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal near Battery Park City. In Staten Island, it leaves and arrives from the Saint George Ferry Terminal near Richmond Terrace. The trip takes around 25 minutes each way. Service is provided 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Late-night service is one trip per hour and, during rush hours, four per hour.

The ferry carries bicycles.  The ground entrance to the ferry is only for bicycle riders.  Automobiles were also carried for a fee of $3.00 per automobile.  This ended after the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Over 21 million people ride the Staten Island Ferry a year. Around 75,000 ride on a weekday.

Other websites 

Staten Island Ferry
Transport in New York City
Ferry
Manhattan
1817 establishments in the United States
1810s establishments in New York (state)
Ferries
"You Belong with Me" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written by Swift and Liz Rose, producer by Nathan Chapman and Swift.The song was released in 2009 in the United States. It is about a boyfriend having an argument with his girlfriend. The reviews of this song were mixed to positive. The song was also covered by Selena Gomez.

2009 songs
Taylor Swift songs
This is 40 is a 2012 American comedy drama movie. It is a spin-off to the movie Knocked Up. The movie stars Paul Rudd and Leslie Mann. Megan Fox and Melissa McCarthy also appear. It was released in December 2012 and received mixed reviews from critics.

Other websites 

2012 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
Midlife crisis movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about marriage
Movies set in Los Angeles
My Girlfriend's Boyfriend is a 2010 romantic comedy movie. It is about a novelist and problems around him.  The movie stars Alyssa Milano, Beau Bridges and Carol Kane. It was released in May 2010 in the United States. The movie received very positive reviews from the critics.

2010 romantic comedy movies
2010s English-language movies
Corcovado National Park is a national park in Costa Rica. It was established on 24 October 1975. It has an area of 425 km² (263 mi²). National Geographic called this park "the most biologically intense place on Earth in terms of biodiversity". The park very popular with tropical ecologists. Visitor can see a lot of wildlife.

National parks in Costa Rica
The Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica is unicameral. It is the legislative branch of the government of Costa Rica. The Legislative Assembly's building is in San José city.

Organizations based in Costa Rica
Costa
Unicameral legislatures
Cruelty to animals is when a person harms or even kills an animal or pet. There is a fine in some countries and in more serious cases one can go to jail. The animal that suffers could be stolen, or it could be the owner abusing their own pet. Some ways in which people could abuse the animal would be by locking it, keeping it tied to a chain, giving it little or no  food or water, kicking and hurting it, yelling and scaring it or leaving it outside in cold or hot weather for a long period of time. Sometimes people will also abandon their pet. Some examples of animal cruelty are neglect, hoarding, or physical abuse.

Related pages
Animal testing
Animal welfare
Animal rights
Veganism

Other websites
 Brute Ethics:  animal ethics encyclopedia         
  
Animal rights
Types of crime
Abuse
Rand Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Kentucky (serving with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell). He is a Republican and the son of Ron Paul.

Paul is a member of the Tea Party movement.

Paul used to be a doctor. 

Paul was diagnosed in 2020 with the coronavirus, one of the first senators with it.

U.S. senator (2011-present)
Paul was sworn in on January 5, 2011, along with his father, who simultaneously served in the House of Representatives.

Rand was assigned to serve on the Energy and Natural Resources, Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Homeland Security and Government Affairs, and Small Business committees. Paul also formed the Senate Tea Party Caucus.

For the 113th Congress, Paul was added to the Foreign Relations committee and retained his spot on the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Homeland Security and Government Affairs, and Small Business committees.
On March 6–7, 2013, Paul engaged in a filibuster to delay voting on the nomination of John O. Brennan as the Director of the CIA. Paul  questioned the Obama administration's use of drones and the stated legal justification for their potential use within the United States. Paul held the floor for 12 hours and 52 minutes.

In the beginning of 2015, Senator Paul re-introduced the Federal Reserve Transparency Act.  Senator Paul also introduced the FAIR Act, or Fifth Amendment Integrity Restoration Act, which would restrict civil forfeiture proceedings.

On May 20, 2015, Paul spoke for ten and a half hours in opposition to the reauthorization of Section 215 of the Patriot Act. Sections of the Patriot Act were prevented from being reauthorized on 1 June.

2016 presidential race
Paul officially announced his candidacy for the 2016 U.S. presidential election on April 7, 2015. He dropped out of the race on February 3, 2016. His run to be the president only received 1 delegate. His campaign was under the Republican Party.

Personal life
Paul married Kelley Ashby in 1990. Together, they have three children.

On November 3, 2017, Paul was assaulted in his home by his 59-year old neighbor. The neighbor was arrested by state troopers, and was subsequently charged with one count of 4th degree assault. Although initial announcements stated that Paul had only minor injuries, subsequent news reports explained that he sustained five broken ribs.

Paul announced on March 22, 2020, that he had tested positive for coronavirus (COVID-19).

References

Other websites

 Senator Rand Paul official U.S. Senate website
 Rand Paul for President official campaign website
1963 births
Living people
American Presbyterians
Politicians from Pittsburgh
2016 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Kentucky
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Pennsylvania
Marco Antonio Rubio (born May 28, 1971) is the senior United States Senator from Florida. He is a Republican. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2000, and he served as the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives from 2006 to 2008.

Early life
Rubio's family moved from Cuba to the US in the 1950s. He was born in 1971 in Miami, Florida. He has one brother and two sisters. Rubio's family moved to Las Vegas, Nevada during the 1980s but they later came back to Miami. After high school he stayed in Florida and went to the University of Florida, where he graduated in 1993 with a political science degree. After that he went to law school at the University of Miami, where he got a doctorate in law.
U.S. Senate (2011-present)
After being in local politics, Rubio ran for the Florida House of Representitives and won. Eventually he became the Speaker of the House, an important political position. In 2010 he ran for US Senate. He ran a long shot campaign at first: most people thought that Florida's Governor, Charlie Crist would get the Republican nomination. Rubio won the primary, but Crist entered the race as an independent. In a three way race between himself, Crist, and Democrat Kendrick Meek, Rubio was elected to the Senate in 2010.

Rubio has become well known since entering the Senate. He has been critical of President Barack Obama and has proposed his own ideas in place of Obama's plans on more than one issue. He wrote a plan for the economy supporting free market economics and has proposed tax cuts for small businesses that have innovative ideas. Rubio also introduced a reform of the US immigration system and recently supported changes to how colleges deal with sexual assault.
Rubio announced in May 2015, that he will not seek re-election because of his presidential campaign. After suspending his presidential campaign, Rubio announced he would seek a second term in June 2016. Rubio defeated Democratic challenger Patrick Murphy in the 2016 election.

2016 presidential race

On April 13, 2015, Rubio announced his candidacy for president in 2016 and that he would not seek re-election to his Senate seat. His campaign started at the Freedom Tower in Miami, a building that many Cuban immigrants passed through. 

During the 2016 Republican Party presidential primary, Rubio came in third place in Iowa. Since then, he came in second or third place in the Nevada and South Carolina primaries. He won the Minnesota primaries after Super Tuesday. On March 6, 2016, Rubio won the Puerto Rico primary by winning almost 74%. He also won the Washington, D.C. caucus. 

Rubio suspended his campaign on March 15, 2016 after losing the Florida primaries to Donald Trump.
Personal life
Rubio married Jeanette Dousdebes in 1998. Together, they have four children. The Rubios live in Miami, Florida. Marco has two sisters, Veronica and Barbara, and an older brother, Mario. Rubio has said in his books that he is a fan of rap music. When he was a young man he played football, and once hoped to play the game in the NFL. Rubio has also written two books.

References

Other websites

Senator Marco Rubio official U.S. Senate website
Marco Rubio for President campaign website

1971 births
Living people
American political writers
Writers from Miami
Politicians from Miami
Lawyers from Miami
American Roman Catholics

Anti-communists
2016 United States presidential candidates
21st-century American politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
United States senators from Florida
University of Florida alumni
irssi is an command-line IRC client. It is commonly used on Unix machines, but is also available for Windows.

Other websites 
 irssi website

IRC clients
Greedy is a 1994 comedy movie. It is about greed between relatives of a business tycoon. Nancy Travis plays Robin and Michael J. Fox plays Danny. This comedy had mixed reviews and a weak box office revenue when it was released.

1994 comedy movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Jonathan Lynn
The Russian Academy of Sciences (, shortened to , RAN) is a network of scientific research institutes across the Russian Federation. consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the country. It also includes other scientific and social groups like libraries, publishing units and hospitals.

The Academy was started in 1724 as the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. It had various names and became the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. In 1991 it became again the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Like the French Academy of Sciences and unlike The Royal Society in Britain, the Russian Academy of Sciences has two types of membership. The top-level members are academicians (860 scientists, as of April 2023). The next-level members are corresponding members (1113 scientists). There are also professors of the RAN (715 scientists). 16 professors became academicians and 163 professors became corresponding members. These are now counted twice: as professors and as members. The last elections were organized in May-June 2022. To be elected to the Academy is a great honor for any researcher.

Other websites
Other websites 

 Gennady Krasnikov elected new President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022/09/20
 RAS website
 Website of RAS management 
 RAS Institutes in the Ranking Web of Research Centers 
 Russian Space Science Internet Network
 Open letter to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir V. Putin from the Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
 Satellite photo of the RAS Main Building
 Satellite photo of the RAS Old Building

Buildings and structures in Moscow
Companies of Russia
National academies of sciences
Big Business is a 1988 American comedy movie set in  Two pairs of identical twin girls are switched at birth in West Virginia and go into two different settings in New York City. Bette Midler acts as Sadie, Lily Tomlin plays Rose. This movie was released in June 1988. It received lukewarm reviews by critics, although it performed quite well at the box office.

1988 comedy movies
1980s buddy movies
American buddy movies
American comedy movies
1980s English-language movies
Female buddy movies
Movies about sisters
Movies about twins
Movies about twin sisters‏‎ 
Movies based on plays
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in West Virginia
Movies directed by Jim Abrahams
Solar cars (or solar vehicles) are a special type of electric vehicle that only get their power from the sun.  They use solar cells on the surface of the car to produce electricity and the electricity makes a motor turn, and that turns the wheels.  They are not useful for normal driving, but once built, they can drive all day and not make any pollution.   There are also some solar-powered vehicles for unusual cases, like the first rovers on Mars.

Also, there are electric vehicles that can be charged from separate solar panels, and those panels can be as big as needed.  This can work to power an electric car for most daily needs.  But this is not called a solar car, since it doesn't have the solar panels right on the car.

History

The first competition was a trip from Sydney, Australia to Perth in 1983.
Competitions
There are now several competitions to see who can build the best solar-powered car.  Some of these are for college students, some are open to anybody.  It is not easy to build a good solar car. This is a good test of engineering skills, and helps improve the efficiency of cars and test solar equipment.
 World Solar Challenge - the biggest and toughest race is still in Australia 
 American Solar Challenge - cross country and race track races in the United States

References

Other websites

Race your own car 

Electric vehicles
Solar energy
Laws of Attraction is a 2004 Irish-British-German romantic comedy-drama movie. It is about two high-profile divorce lawyers in New York City. It stars Julianne Moore, Pierce Brosnan and Parker Posey. The movie got bad reviews from critics when it was released, but it earned back its budget revenue.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 

2004 romantic comedy movies
British romantic comedy movies
Irish romance movies
Irish comedy movies
German romance movies
German comedy movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Donald H. "Don" Keefer (August 18, 1916 – September 7, 2014) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in Death of a Salesman, Creepshow, The Twilight Zone, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Gunsmoke, and in Liar Liar.

Keefer was born on August 18, 1916 in Highspire, Pennsylvania. He studied at The Actors Studio. Keefer was married to Catherine McLeod from 1950 until her death in 1997. They had three children: Donald, John and Thomas.

Keefer died from natural causes on September 7, 2014 in Sherman Oaks, California. He was 98.

References

Other websites
 

1916 births
2014 deaths
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Actors from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Fritz William Weaver (January 19, 1926 – November 26, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his guest-star roles in The Twilight Zone, Night Gallery, The X-Files, Matlock, and Demon Seed. He was also known for his role as Dexter in Creepshow. He won a Tony Award in 1970.

Weaver was born on January 19, 1926 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Weaver studied at Peabody High School. He was married to Sylvia Short from 1953 until they divorced in 1979. Then he married Rochelle Oliver in 1997. Weaver had two children with Short.

From 1995 until his death, Weaver has worked primarily as a voice actor, providing narration for programs on the History Channel.

Weaver died at his home in Manhattan on November 26, 2016, aged 90.  No cause of death was immediately available.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 

1926 births
2016 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television personalities
Actors from Pittsburgh
Tony Award winning actors
Henri Carel Willem "Hans" Schnitger (August 5, 1915 – March 2, 2013) was a Dutch field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. Schnitger was a member of the Dutch field hockey team, which won the bronze medal. He played all five matches as forward.

Schnitger was born in Enschede, where he lived until his death on March 2, 2013 from natural causes, aged 97.

References

Other websites
profile
Hans Schnitger's obituary  

1915 births
2013 deaths
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Dutch field hockey players
People from Enschede
Sportspeople from Overijssel
A chemtrail is a trail of chemicals left by an airplane at a high altitude. According to a conspiracy theory, the chemicals are said to be deliberately sprayed for reasons that are kept secret by the government. Most scientists and workers in the aviation industry say that the trails left by planes are just a form of condensation. These are called contrails (condensation trails).

People who believe the theory have speculated about what purpose chemtrails may serve. Some say it is to change the weather or stop global warming. Others say that it is to control the population by spreading chemicals that are harmful to the human reproductive system. Some more recent versions of the theory say that chemtrails are being spread by companies that make genetically-modified (GMO) crops. The chemtrails supposedly contain herbicides that will only kill normal (organic) crops and will not affect the genetically-modified crops.
Some claim that specially modified planes, supposedly owned and operated by the government, are necessary to create a chemtrail. The chemicals are said to either come from the engine or from special nozzles on the plane. In some versions of the theory, the chemical is said to be barium or a barium compound, but in other versions it is aluminum oxide, or a mixture of barium compounds and aluminum oxide.

Chemtrails are not to be confused with the spraying of chemicals over short distances at a low altitude, such as aerial firefighting or crop-dusting.

False evidence of chemtrails
Several photographs on the Internet have been claimed to show the inside of planes that spread chemtrails. They show ballast barrels installed on the inside of the plane. In reality, these are photographs of test planes or firefighting planes. The real purpose of the barrels is to simulate the weight of passengers or cargo. The barrels are filled with water, and the water can be pumped from barrel to barrel to test different weight distributions while the aircraft is in flight.

References

Other websites 
 Chemtrail aircraft photos debunked

Conspiracy theories
Aviation
George Robert Acworth Conquest  (15 July 1917 – 3 August 2015), known as  Robert Conquest, was an English-American historian and poet. He was best known for his influential works of Soviet history. They include The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purges of the 1930s. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in November 2005.

Conquest was born on July 15, 1917 in Great Malvern, Worcestershire, England. He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford. 

He was married to Joan Watkins from 1942 until they divorced in 1948. Then he was married to Tatiana Mihailova from 1948 until they divorced 1962. Then he was married to Caroleen MacFarlane from 1964 until they divorced in 1978. Then he was married to Elizabeth Neece Wingate from 1979 until his death in 2015. He had two sons from Watkins and one step-daughter from Wingate. 

Conquest died in Stanford, California from respiratory failure caused by Parkinson's disease at the age of 98.

References
References

Other websites
 Scourge and Poet, a profile of Robert Conquest
 articles by and about Robert Conquest at the New York Review of Books
 Where Ignorance Isn't Bliss, article by Robert Conquest at National Review Online 
 His biography  at the Hoover Institution
 Great Terror at 40 

1917 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American historians
American poets
English historians
English poets
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Worcestershire
Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926) is an American economist.

Early life
Greenspan was born on March 6, 1926 in New York City, New York to a Romanian-Hungarian-Jewish family. He studied at George Washington High School and at New York University.

Career
He was the Chairman of the Federal Reserve of the United States from 1987 to 2006. He currently works as a private adviser and provides consulting for firms through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in November 2005.

Greenspan was first appointed Federal Reserve chairman by President Ronald Reagan in August 1987. He was reappointed at successive four-year intervals until retiring on January 31, 2006 after the second-longest tenure in the position.

Personal life
Greenspan was married to Joan Mitchell from 1952 until they annulled their marriage in 1953. He married Andrea Mitchell in 1997. He now lives in New York City and in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites
Other websites

Alan Greenspan's political donations  at NewsMeat.com
Statements and Speeches of Alan Greenspan
1996 speech by Greenspan about the challenges of central banking
2003 speech by Greenspan about "Market Economies and Rule of Law"
Greenspan Warns on Protectionism, BBC News, August 26, 2005
Alan Greenspan vs. Naomi Klein on the Iraq War, Bush’s Tax Cuts, Economic Populism, Crony Capitalism and More , Democracy Now, Sep 24, 2007

1926 births
Living people
American chief executives
American economists
American bankers
Chairs of the Federal Reserve
Businesspeople from New York City
Jewish businesspeople
Libertarians
New York University alumni
Republicans (United States)
United States Council of Economic Advisers
Edward Allen "Ed" Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, writer, and director. He was born in Englewood, New Jersey, and raised in Tenafly.. He is best known for his roles in Pollock, Appaloosa, The Rock, The Abyss, The Truman Show, A Beautiful Mind, A History of Violence, Enemy at the Gates, The Right Stuff, Gone Baby Gone, and Paris Trout. He won an Golden Globe Award, an Drama Desk Award, and an Screen Actors Guild Award.

Harris studied at Tenafly High School and at Columbia University. He married the actress Amy Madigan in 1983. They have one daughter, Lily Dolores, born in 1993. Harris now lives in Los Angeles, California. His father was actor Bob L. Harris.

References

Other websites

1950 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie directors
Actors from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Drama Desk Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
In abstract algebra, a module is the generalization of a vector space. Modules are defined with respect to a ring. A vector space uses vectors and scalars, it defines the operations of additions and multiplication of these two. 

Modules also generalize the idea of abelian group. Abelian groups are modules over the ring of integers.

Mathematics
Moravia is a canton in the San José province of Costa Rica.  San Vicente is the main city of the canton.  The canton is named after  President Juan Rafael Mora Porras (1814 – 1860). Since there was a canton called Mora, this one was named Moravia.

History 
Moravia was created on 1 August 1914. Law No. 55 created Villa San Vicente on 1 August 1914. The first session of the Council of Moravia was held on 19 January 1915. The first electric street lighting was also installed that year. Law No. 3248 gave the town of San Vicente city status on 6 December 1963.

Geography 
Moravia has an area of . The canton has an average elevation of .

The canton begins in the northern suburbs of the capital of Costa Rica, San José. It continues northeast toward the Cordillera Central (Central Mountain Range). The Virilla, Pará, and Blanco rivers are on the north and west edges of the canton. The Quebrada Azul and Macho rivers form the southeast boundaries of the canton.
Other rivers in Moravia include Quebrada Barreal, Quebrada Lajas, Quebrada San Francisco, Quebrada Tornillal, Quebrada Yerbabuena, Acequia, Agrá, Hondura, Ipís, Pará Grande, Paracito, and Zurquí. Mountain peaks in the area include Zurquí (1,583m), Vargas (1,396m), and Trina (1,270m).

Moravia has highly populated suburbs in the south and rural mountain landscapes to the north. The canton of Vázquez de Coronado is to the east and north of Moraia/ San Isidro, Santo Domingo and Tibás are to the west. To the south of Moravia is Goicoechea.

Districts 
The canton of Moravia is has three districts:
 San Vicente
 San Jerónimo
 La Trinidad

References 

San José Province
Cantons of Costa Rica
1914 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Wild Orchid is an 1989 erotic suspense movie. It was directed by Zalman King. The movie stars Mickey Rourke, Carré Otis, Jacqueline Bisset, Bruce Greenwood, Oleg Vidov and Assumpta Serna. Wild Orchid deals with stalking, deception and blackmail in Rio de Janeiro. The first version of the movie was too sexual for an R rating. The MPAA threatened give the movie an X rating. King edited the movie down to get the R rating. The movie got very bad reviews by critics, including Roger Ebert, but it was successful in terms of international box office earnings.

References

Other websites 

1989 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
1980s English-language movies
Rio de Janeiro
Amphitrite was the Greek goddess of the sea springs and ocean life. Married to Poseidon, usually said to be a Nereid but sometimes said to be an Oceanid.

Greek gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses of water
The Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology (German: Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen) is an academic seminary in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

History
The school was founded in 1926 by the Society of Jesus.

Sank Georgen established a Jesuit theology program in 1951. 

In 1986, Pope Francis he began work on a doctorate degree at Sankt Georgen.

References

Other websites
Sankt Georgen website

1926 establishments in Europe
Buildings and structures in Frankfurt
Colleges and universities in Germany
Education in Hesse
1920s establishments in Germany
The Isthmus of Tehuantepec is an isthmus in Mexico. It is the shortest route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. Before the Panama Canal opened, it was a major shipping route known as the Tehuantepec Route

Geography of Mexico
Laura Chinchilla Miranda (born 28 March 1959) served as the President of Costa Rica from 2010 to 2014. She is Costa Rica's first female president. She is the sixth woman to be elected president of a Latin American country. She was one of Óscar Arias Sánchez's two vice presidents. She was his administration's Minister of Justice. She was the governing PLN candidate for President in the 2010 general election. She won with 46.76% of the vote.

Personal life
Chinchilla was born in Carmen Central, San José in 1959. Her father was Rafael Ángel Chinchilla Fallas. He was a former comptroller of Costa Rica. Her mother was Emilce Miranda Castillo. She married Mario Alberto Madrigal Díaz on 23 January 1982 and divorced on 22 May 1985. She had a son in 1996 with José María Rico Cueto, a Spanish lawyer who has a Canadian citizenship; Chinchilla married him on 26 March 2000. He died in April 2019, aged 84.
Political career
Chinchilla graduated from the University of Costa Rica. She received her master's degree in public policy from Georgetown University.
Before politics, Chinchilla worked as a NGO consultant in Latin America and Africa. She specialized in judicial reform and public security. She served in the José María Figueres Olsen administration as vice-minister for public security (1994–1996) and minister of public security (1996–1998). 

From 2002 to 2006, she served in the National Assembly as a deputy for the province of San José.

Chinchilla was one of two vice-presidents elected under the second Arias administration (2006–2010). She resigned the vice-presidency in 2008 in order to prepare her run for the presidency in 2010. On 7 June 2009 she won the Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN) primary with a 15% margin over her nearest rival, and was thus endorsed as the party's presidential candidate.

Her term ended in 8 May 2014.

References
References

1959 births
Presidents of Costa Rica
Living people
People from San José, Costa Rica
Finding Bliss is a 2009 movie. It is a romantic comedy about the adult film industry. The movie stars Leelee Sobieski, Denise Richards and Kristen Johnston. It was released in June 2010 in the United States. The movie was given very negative reviews by critics.

References

2009 romantic comedy movies
2000s English-language movies
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham was a battle fought between French and British soldiers on September 13, 1759. It was part of the French and Indian War, which was part of the Seven Years' War.  

The battle took place on a plateau near the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec City. The plateau was on land once owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin. For this reason, the land was called the "Plains of Abraham".

Each side had about 4500 troops in the battle. The French soldiers, led by Louis de Montcalm, wore blue uniforms. The British soldiers, led by James Wolfe, wore red uniforms. Both leaders were young men. Both died in the battle.

The French had a fort on the Plains of Abraham. Through rumors and spies, they knew the British were coming. But when the British arrived in June, the French were not prepared and did not have all their troops with them. Many of the French troops were not as well trained as the British troops.
The British began a siege that lasted three months. On September 13th, the French attacked. The British held off the attack. Eventually the British took control of the battle. The French withdrew and surrendered on September 18, 1759.

The war continued in 1760 and the British took Montreal. New France was defeated, taking Canada from France and making it part of the British Empire. In North America, however, France still controlled Louisiana, which was not conquered by the British and never became part of the British Empire.

Plains of Abraham
History of Quebec
1759
Seven Years' War
18th century in North America
E. G. Marshall (Everett Eugene Grunz; June 18, 1914 – August 24, 1998) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Lawrence Preston on The Defenders and as David Craig on The Bold Ones: The New Doctors. He won two Emmy Awards in 1962 and in 1963. He was also known for his roles in 12 Angry Men and Creepshow.

Marshall was born on June 18, 1914 in Owatonna, Minnesota to a Norwegian-German family. He studied at Carleton College and at the University of Minnesota.

Marshall was married to Helen Wolf from 1939 until they divorced in 1953. Then he was married to Emy de Haze Winkelman until they divorced. Then he was married to Judith Coy until his death in 1998. He had five children. Marshall died on August 24, 1998 in Bedford, New York from lung cancer, aged 84.

References

Other websites
1914 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
Actors from Minnesota
Emmy Award winning actors
The Death Wish movie series is a series of action movies. It was created by Michael Winner in 1974. It is based on the book of the same name by Brian Garfield, written in 1972.

Main character 
The series is about Paul Kersey (played by Charles Bronson). Kersey kills criminals, including gangsters, drug dealers, murderers, and rapists. He kills them either because he is hired to do so by another person or for revenge. His wife, daughter, and some of his friends were killed by criminals. Their death made Kersey want to kill criminals. Many cops think that he is a criminal. Others think that he's helping. The movies are set in either New York City, Chicago or Los Angeles. The entire series lasted for twenty years. Bronson played Kersey in all five movies.
Kersey was born in New York City of the early 1920s. Kersey's father was an English-American who originated from Norman England. His mother comes from Provo, Utah. Kersey's Norman English ancestor, Pierre Whítmoré Keèrsye, changed his name to Kersey. Kersey served in World War II from 1944 to 1945. In 1953, he served in the Korean War in the medical corps. In the late 1950s, he went to New York City to settle down.

Movies

Movies
 Death Wish (1974) (directed by Michael Winner)
 Death Wish II (1982) (directed by Michael Winner)
 Death Wish 3 (1985) (directed by Michael Winner)
 Death Wish 4: The Crackdown (1987) (directed by J. Lee Thompson)
 Death Wish V: The Face of Death (1994) (directed by Allan A. Goldstein)
 Death Wish (2018) (directed by Eli Roth)

References

Other websites 

Series of movies
American action movies
American crime thriller movies
Adrienne Jo Barbeau (born June 11, 1945) is an American actress, singer, and writer. She is known for her roles in Creepshow, Grease, and in Escape from New York. She is known for her television roles in Maude and in Batman: The Animated Series.

Barbeau was born on June 11, 1945 in Sacramento, California. Her ancestry include Armenian, German, Irish, French, and Canadian. Barbeau was raised in San Jose, California. She studied at Del Mar High School. 

Barbeau was married to John Carpenter from 1979 until they divorced in 1984. Then she married Billy Van Zandt in 1992. She had one son with Carpenter and twin sons with Zandt. She now lives in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites

General Hospital Happenings Interview, A Word with Adrienne Barbeau  (April 27, 2010)

Adrienne Barbeau website
1945 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Singers from Sacramento, California
Writers from Sacramento, California
Actors from San Jose, California
Actors from Sacramento, California
Lame duck is a term used to describe an elected politician who will soon be leaving office. It is used for those leaving either because the have held the office for the most terms they are allowed to (term limit) or because they have lost an election.  Because they are not seen to still have much remaining power, lame duck politicians will often not get much done. They sometimes make decisions that many people do not agree with because they know the decision will not make them lose an election.

For example, a US President is said to be a lame duck president during their second term as President because they can only be President for two terms. If they lose the election to stay as the President for a second term, they are also seen as a lame duck from the time the election results are final until January 20 of the next year when the winner of the election becomes President. 

Politics
This is a list of the cantons of Costa Rica.

Costa Rica's seven provinces (provincias) are divided into 81 cantons. Cantons divided into districts (distritos).

Related pages
 Provinces of Costa Rica
 Districts of Costa Rica

References

 
Geography-related lists
Moravia is a region in the Czech Republic. It might also mean:

Moravia (canton), a canton in Costa Rica
Moravia, Iowa, a city in the U.S. state of Iowa
Pitjantjatjara () is the name of a nation of native Australian people. They live in the central Australian desert. The people call themselves Aṉangu, a word which means "person" or "people" in their own language. The group is considered part of the Western Desert cultural bloc. Pitjantjatjara people are closely related to their two closest neighbours: the Yankunytjatjara and the Ngaanyatjarra. They can understand much of each other's languages. There are currently about 4,000 people from this nation living in small communities spread out across their homeland.
Edge of Darkness is a 2010 drama thriller movie. It is about a detective who gets involved with the murder of his political activist daughter and gets caught up in conspiracy. The movie stars Mel Gibson. It was released in January 2010 in the United Kingdom and the United States. The reviews for this were mixed.  It earned $81 million in the box office.

References

2010 drama thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
British thriller movies
2010s British drama movies
2010s English-language movies
Political movies
Going the Distance is a 2010 American romantic comedy movie directed by Nanette Burstein. It stars Drew Barrymore, Justin Long and Christina Applegate. It is about Erin, a graduate school student from San Francisco who meets a man in New York City and tries to keep the relationship going when she returns home. The movie was released in September 2010. It received mixed reviews from critics, but did very well at the box office.

Other websites 

2010 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in San Francisco
A gyroscope is a device used to measure or maintain an angular position. It works using the principles of angular momentum. The gyroscope is made up of a spinning wheel or disc, as well as (in some cases) many other moving parts. It helps with navigation, and plays a part in such things as a gyrocompass and artificial horizon.

Machines
Measuring tools
"Heart Attack" is a 2013 single from singer Demi Lovato. It is about heart issues being caused from lovesick feelings. This single became a hit in certain areas and a strong charting song overall. It received good reviews from music critics.

2013 songs
Pop songs
San José is Spanish for Saint Joseph.

San Jose or San José might also mean:

United States
San Jose, California, a city in the U.S. state of California
San Jose Earthquakes, the city's soccer team
San Jose Sharks, the city's ice hockey team
San José State University, a university in the city
San Jose State Spartans, the university's sports teams

Costa Rica
San José Province, a province of Costa Rica
San José (canton), a canton in the province
San José, Costa Rica, a city in the canton

Dominican Republic
San José de Ocoa Province, a province of the Dominican Republic
San José de Ocoa (city), head municipality of the province

Other
San Jose Chinantequilla, a community in Oaxaca state, Mexico
Areyonga (also called  in Pitjantjatjara) is a small town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located about 220 km west of Alice Springs. About 300 people live in the town, most of whom are Aboriginal. The people are mostly Pitjantjatjara, with some Arrernte and Walpiri families. The town is governed by Areyonga Aboriginal Community.

Areyonga was founded during the 1920s. A long drought forced Pitjantatjara families to leave Kaḻṯukatjara and other places in the Petermann Ranges. They originally moved to Hermannsburg and then set up a new community at Areyonga. A Lutheran mission was established in the settlement in the 1940s. In the 1970s, many people from the mission moved back to the community at Kaḻṯukatjara. The Lutheran mission at Areyonga was closed in 1990, and the land was given back to the native people as part of the Haasts Bluff Aboriginal Land Trust.

References

Other websites
Community profile  on the MacDonnell Shire website
Areyonga School
Indigenous Australian communities
Pitjantjatjara
Ross and Cromarty is an area of the Highlands of Scotland. It has many mountains and few people.

Related pages
Wester Ross

Other websites
Ross and Cromarty Heritage

Geography of Scotland
Irrunytju (also called Wingellina) is a small Aboriginal community  in Western Australia. It is located in the Goldfields-Esperance region, about  southwest of the Surveyor Generals Corner (where the borders of Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory meet). There are about 150 people living in the community, most of whom are Ngaanyatjarra.

The town is surrounded by the Wingellina Hills, a set of large granite hills with mulga and mallee growth. The name of the community, , comes from the name of a sacred site located in the hills to the south.
History 
The area was part of the Central Australia Aboriginal Reserve when the reserve was created in 1922. In 1955, however, the borders of the reserve were moved to allow for mining and prospecting, mostly of nickel. Mining camps were set up in the area around what is now Irrunytju. In response, Aboriginal families moved to settle around these camps. Some got jobs with the miners and were paid in food rations; others were simply there to protect places of spiritual importance from outsiders. Some companies took steps to make sure their miners respected these sites; other companies did not, and several sacred sites were damaged during this period. The area was made part of the reserve again in 1972.
Once the miners left, the Aboriginal families stayed and built a permanent settlement using what was left from the mining camps (shelters, bores, etc.). The community was also given money from the federal government to help establish a permanent settlement. The community became incorporated in 1976. It became a member of the Ngaanyatjarra Council in 1981.

Irrunytju has remained on Aboriginal land since 1972. Economic activities in the area are governed under the Ngaanyatjarra Indigenous Land Use Agreement, formed in 2006. The community maintains many traditional activities, such as hunting and gathering bush tucker. The community has had its own art centre, Irrunytju Arts, since 2001.

References

Other websites 
Irrunytju Community Resource Centre 
Profile  from the Ngaanyatjarra Council website

Towns in Western Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Rusyn (Rusyn:  or ) is an East Slavic language. It is spoken by the Rusyns of Central Europe. In English, it is also called Ruthene or Ruthenian. Some linguists treat it as a distinct language. Some Ukrainian scholars think it is a dialect of Ukrainian.

Rusyn is spoken in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine, in northeastern Slovakia, in Vojvodina, in southeastern Poland, in Hungary and in northern Romania.

In Serbia, Rusyn is an official minority language. Since 1995, Rusyn has been an official minority language in Slovakia. In some Slovak municipalities, it is an official language.

Rusyn is listed as a protected language by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia and Romania.

References

Other websites

 Rusyn language at the World Academy of Rusyn Culture 
 
 Rusyn Greco Catholic Church in Novi Sad (Vojvodina-Serbia) 
 Rusyn-Ukrainian On-Line Dictionary 

Slavic languages
Tjuntjuntjara is a remote Aboriginal community in the southeast of Western Australia. It is located in the Great Victoria Desert, inside the Great Victoria Desert Nature Reserve. It is about  east of Kalgoorlie. The nearest place with more people is the town of Laverton, . Tjuntjuntjara is connected to Irrunytju in the north by a dirt track.

There are about 160 people living at Tjuntjuntjara. They speak a southern variety of the Pitjantjatjara language. They identify as belonging to a group of people known as  (meaning "from the spinifex plains"). This group of people are among those that were removed from their homelands in the 1950s and 1960s due to nuclear weapons testing at Woomera Test Range. Most of the people now living at Tjuntjuntjara were previously living at Cundeelee, then a Christian mission, further to the west. Other communities of  people include Oak Valley and Yalata, over the border in South Australia.
Tjuntjuntjara was founded in the late 1980s. Cundeelee was being closed, so a group of elders led members back east to their homelands to set up a new community. The first choice for a location was Yakadunya (about  of Tjuntjuntjara). A water bore was drilled and a temporary camp was formed, but there was not enough water in the ground. The community moved northward to what is now Tjuntjuntjara.
Tjuntjuntjara has since grown into a large community. It acts as a service centre for several outstations. These outstations are occupied at certain times of the year for hunting and gathering and ceremonies. The community is governed by a local council. Facilities and services are managed by the Paupiyala Tjarutja Aboriginal Corporation, a non-profit organisation. The community has its own health clinic. The community school, Tjuntjuntjara Remote Community School, was opened in 2008. Both the clinic and the school are helped by the federal government. Mail is flown in by plane once per week. A truck delivers food supplies to the community once every two weeks. There is no police station.

The Spinifex Arts Project was set up in 1997 for the community to create artworks.

The community is growing. There were about 40 living at Tjuntjuntjara during the 1980s. In the 2006 census, there were 150 people, and in the 2011 census there were 162 people living in 17 houses.

References
References

Other websites 
Tjuntjuntjara Community Resource Centre 
Profile  from the Ngaanyatjarra Council website
Spinifex Arts Project 

Towns in Western Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
1980s establishments in Australia
Pitjantjatjara
The Switch is a 2010 movie. It is a romantic comedy about a woman who wants to get pregnant. The movie stars Jennifer Aniston, Jason Bateman, Patrick Wilson and Juliette Lewis. The Switch was the last movie to be distributed by Miramax before that company was sold by Disney. It was released on August 20, 2010.  The movie was not well liked by critics. It made almost 50 million dollars at the box office.

Cast
 Jennifer Aniston as Kassie Larson
 Jason Bateman as Wally Mars
 Thomas Robinson as Sebastian Larson
 Bryce Robinson as older Sebastian 
 Patrick Wilson as Roland Nilson
 Juliette Lewis as Debbie Epstein
 Jeff Goldblum as Leonard
 Caroline Dhavernas as Pauline
 Scott Elrod as Teddy Declan
 Diane Sawyer as herself (cameo)

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 

2010 romantic comedy movies
2010s English-language movies
The Paneuropean Union was a movement to join the countries of Europe. It was founded in 1923.

Other websites 

 

1923 establishments in Europe
Political organizations based in Europe
The Union of European Federalists is a non-governmental organisation in the European Union. Its aim is to promote European integration. It was founded in 1946 after World War II.

Other websites 
 
 UEF Belgique
  Movimento Federalista Europeo
 Europa-Union Deutschland
European Union
1946 establishments in Europe