Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Some of Williams's songs are "Eleven Roses", "Family Tradition", "Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound", "All My Rowdy Friends", and "A Country Boy Can Survive". Even though he had hit records and many fans, it took years for people in country music to accept him and his chosen style. Williams lost out on many awards he could have earned. Finally in the 1980s, he began to win awards as a country performer.

In the 1990s, Williams recorded a duet with his father, by using an old recording, and the two appeared together in a music video through electronic editing.

In 2005, Williams donated $125,000 to relief efforts in Mississippi, after Hurricane Katrina.

Singles
"Long Gone Lonesome Blues" (1964)
"All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight" (1984)
"The Party's On" (2016)

Studio albums
Your Cheatin' Heart (1964)
Connie Francis and Hank Williams Jr. Sing Great Country Favorites (1964)
Ballads of the Hills and Plains (1965)
Blues My Name (1965)
A Time to Sing (1967)
Songs My Father Left Me (1969)
Luke the Drifter Jr. Vol. 2 (1969)
Live at Cobo Hall (1969)
Sunday Morning (1969)
After You, Pride's Not Hard to Swallow (1973)
One Night Stands (1977)
Hank Williams Jr. and Friends (1975)
The New South (1977)
Family Tradition (1979)
Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound (1979)
Habits Old and New (1980)
Rowdy (1981)
The Pressure Is On (1981)
High Notes (1982)
Strong Stuff (1983)
Man of Steel (1983)
Major Moves (1984)
Five-O (1985)
Montana Cafe (1986)
Hank Live (1987)
Born to Boogie (1987)
Wild Streak (1988)
Lone Wolf (1990)
Pure Hank (1991)
Maverick (1992)
Out of Left Field (1993)
Hog Wild (1995)
A.K.A. Wham Bam Sam (1996)
Three Hanks: Men with Broken Hearts (1996)
Stormy (1999)
The Almeria Club Recordings (2002)
I'm One of You (2003)
127 Rose Avenue (2009)
Old School New Rules (2012)
 It's About Time (2016)
References

1949 births
Living people
American songwriters
American guitarists
Country musicians
Singers from Louisiana
Musicians from Louisiana
Utagawa Kunisada (; 1786 – 12 January 1865), also known as Utagawa Toyokuni III (, ), was a Japanese artist. He was a master of the ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 The Utagawa Kunisada Project
 List of Kunisada pictures
 Kunisada

Japanese printmakers
1786 births
1865 deaths
People from Tokyo
, also called   or Yoshitoshi,  was a Japanese artist. He was a master of the ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.

His adopted son was Tsukoka Kōgyō (1869-1927), who was also an artist.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Artencyclopedia.com, Tsukioka Yoshitoshi Online

Japanese printmakers
1839 births
1892 deaths
Artists from Tokyo
is a landmark in the city of Odawara in Kanagawa Prefecture. It was the fortress of various daimyo during the Muromachi period of Japanese history.

Odawara Castle was destroyed by the Meiji government. However, present Odawara Castle was rebuilt in 1960. It serves as a museum and is designated as an important historical monument. Odawara Castel premise is a park, and there are zoo and small amusement park in addition to historical site such as Castel tower. It was voted the 100 best historic parks in Japan in October, 2006.

References

Other websites
Odawara Castle

Castles in Japan
15th-century buildings and structures
Kanagawa Prefecture
Ab urbe condita is a way to measure time.

Origin 
The phrase is Latin. It literally means from when the city was founded. The city talked about is the city of Rome. This way of measuring time was not used in Classical antiquity. The first to have used it was the historian Orosius, about 400 AD.

History 
Marcus Terentius Varro found out that the city of Rome was founded 440 years after the fall of Troy. Romulus and Remus founded it. Varro thought that was in the spring of 753 BC. 

Marcus Porcius Cato Censorius thought that Rome was founded one year after the 7th Olympic Games. That would have been in 752 BC.

Other works 
Ab urbe condita is also the main work of Titus Livius, a Roman historian.

Calendars
The mesosphere is a part of the atmosphere. It is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. On Earth, the mesosphere starts at 50 kilometers above the planet to about 90 km above the planet. 

The mesosphere is the most poorly understood part of the atmosphere. The mesosphere lies above the highest point for flying a plane, but below the lowest point for flying a spaceship. It also has a layer of electrically charged particles called the ionosphere.

Other websites 
 Description with links to other atmospheric topics

Layers of Earth's atmosphere
A magnetosphere is a region around an astronomical object, such as a planet. It is the region where charged particles are  affected by the object's magnetic field. The magnetosphere of the Sun is called the heliosphere. Ions and electrons of the solar wind are deflected by the heliosphere. 

Since a magnetosphere is magnetic, it is invisible. However, the Earth's magnetosphere makes the Aurora Borealis. This is what causes the "Northern Lights" that shimmer in the night sky near the North Pole.

The border between magnetospheres is called a magnetopause.

References 

Astrophysics
Solar System
Theodorus "Dorus" Rijkers (January 27, 1847 in Den Helder – April 19, 1928 in Den Helder) was a famous Dutch lifeboat captain and folk hero, he is most famous for his sea rescues of 487 shipwrecked victims over a total of 38 rescue operations and at least 25 before joining the lifeboat-service.

'Opa' Dorus 
Dorus received his nickname "Grandpa" (Dutch:"Opa") while still a young man. He had married Neeltje Huisman, a fisherman's widow who already had 6 children. Shortly after the marriage, the oldest of Neeltje's daughters had a child of her own, and so at only 23 years old Dorus became known as "Opa" in Den Helder where he lived.  Although the nickname began as a joke, Dorus soon started acting and looking like a grandpa, and from that time on he became primarily known by his nickname.
Career as a lifeboat captain 
Dorus gained most of his fame as a result of his service to the Noord- en zuid-Hollandsche Redding Maatschappij (NZHRM), one of the two main Dutch lifeboat-societies at the time.  The NZHRM would later become the Koninklijke Nederlandse Redding Maatschappij (KNRM).

However his life-saving career began in 1872 before he joined the NZHRM, while acting as captain of his own boat.  While at sea, he saved all 25 crew members of the barque Australia from drowning at sea. Because of this incident, Dorus gained a reputation as a rescuer, which preceded his joining the NZHRM as a volunteer.  On the basis of his reputation, he was granted the position of coxswain upon joining the NZHRM without having to prove his qualifications. His rank of coxswain entitled him to immediately command his own boat and crew.
Although Dorus joined the NZHRM as a volunteer, he worked so many hours that it precluded him from taking on other paid work. Dorus and all of his crew members received a sum for each trial and each service.

During his nearly 30 years service with the NZHRM, Dorus saved hundreds of people from drowning at sea, becoming legendary long before his retirement. In the waters where he served, he saved such large number of people with such effectiveness that the survival statistics increased dramatically. At the end of his career, although he remained active, his role became more symbolic in nature.

Honored by King William III 
In 1888, Dorus Rijkers met King William III of the Netherlands after rescuing sailors from the German barque Renown. The King gave Dorus a gold medal of honor and smoked a pipe with him.

Retirement
In 1911, Dorus retired at age 64, after which he received only a very small pension.  He struggled to make ends meet by eating simple food and living plainly.
During an October 1922 interview with Dr. L.A. Rademaker, editor of the Hague newspaper 'Het Vaderland', Dorus complained about his situation.  He claimed that he had been forced to sell the gold medal of honour in order to buy himself a bicycle.  The Helden der Zee Fonds 'Dorus Rijkers' (Dorus Rijkers Fund for the Heroes of the Sea) was created after Dorus' plight and that of other retired life-savers were chronicled in 'Het Vaderland'.
Death
In April 1928, Dorus Rijkers died at the age of 81. He was given a funeral that was so grand that it resembled a state funeral in size and style. There was music, a big parade, thousands who came to pay their last respects including a large number of Marine Officers, also high ranking government officials, among them representatives of the Ministry of the Marine.  The grandeur of his funeral showed the great public esteem in which Dorus was held at the time.  Dorus Rijkers had become a national hero and was by far the most popular Dutchman of those years (according to a poll that surveyed many people in the Netherlands during the 1920s).
Legacy 
There is a very large statue in honor of all the Netherlands sea-rescuers, opened in 1935.  This statue is sometimes mistakenly assumed to be in honor of Dorus.  In fact, a separate, smaller statue of Dorus was erected in 1939   One of the rescue boats of the KNRM still carries his name with pride.  Dorus is generally acknowledged as one of the greatest rescuers of all time.

Streets named after Dorus Rijkers 

 Dorus Rijkersstraat in Alphen aan den Rijn
 Dorus Rijkersstraat in Amersfoort
 Dorus Rijkershof in Amsterdam
 Dorus Rijkersstraat in Borne
 Dorus Rijkersrede in Capelle aan den IJssel
 Dorus Rijkersplein in Den Haag
 Theodorus Rijkersstraat in Den Helder
 Dorus Rijkersstraat in Dinteloord
 Dorus Rijkersstraat in Dordrecht
 Dorus Rijkersplein in Egmond aan Zee
 Dorus Rijkerssstraat in Genemuiden
 Dorus Rijkerssstraat in Groningen
 Dorus Rijkerskade in Leiden
 Dorus Rijkersweg in Leiden
 Dorus Rijkerstraat in Middelburg
 Dorus Rijkersstraat in Reeuwijk
 Dorus Rijkersstraat in Terneuzen
Sources 
 Bremer, Jan.  the chapter: 'Dorus Rijkers (1847-1928); Koning der Blauwe zeeridders' in 'Roeiredders aan het Marsdiep 1824-1923'; Nationaal Reddingmuseum Dorus Rijkers and the Helderse Historische Vereniging, Den Helder; November 1998, . pp. 111–140.  This book forms is volume 9 of the series: Helderse Historische Reeks. (Jan T. Bremer is a well-informed, serious author on especially historical/geographical matters about the Noordkop (the region around Den Helder in The Netherlands).
 Adema, Tjeerd. 'Dorus Rijkers; De Heldersche Menschenredder'; ; published by Egner in Helder (not: Den Helder) in 1928.

References

Other websites
 National Savior's Museum - Dorus Rijkers (part of the website Marine Attraction Park - Cape Holland)
 Foundation "mrb Dorus Rijkers" - historical information and photographs
 Website of the KNRM

1847 births
1928 deaths
People from North Holland
Dutch sailors
Prince of Wales is a royal title. It is usually held by the eldest son of the King or Queen of the United Kingdom. It is the title of the royal who is first in line to the throne. The title is not automatic, but is given by the reigning monarch.

When a person becomes King or Queen, their eldest son immediately becomes Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay. The current Prince of Wales, Prince William, was born in 1982, and was known as Prince William of Wales (his father is King Charles III). In 2022, his father became King, and he became The Duke of Cornwall (in Scotland he was called The Prince William, Duke of Rothesay).  In 2022, the King made him Prince of Wales, and he is now called Prince of Wales, except in Scotland, where he is still The Prince William, Duke of Rothesay.

King George II created his son, Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales.  When Frederick died, the King made Frederick's eldest son, George, Prince of Wales.

Related pages
 Titles of European royal heirs

 
British monarchy
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, and it has 32 academic departments, and gives much importance to scientific and technological research. MIT students, graduates, and faculty members are famous for being given many awards, including 76 Nobel Prizes. In 2013 QS ranked MIT as the best university in the world. It started in 1861. It is one of the most selective universities. It accepted 8.9% of people who applied for class of 2016. Nine months' tuition and fees for 2012–2013 is $42,050. MIT gives financial aid so that anyone who is good enough can pay. In 2011-2012 64% of undergraduates had some kind of financial aid. The student:faculty ratio is 8:1. 45% of undergraduates are women. The most popular major is engineering.

Other websites

 MIT, official web site
 MyMIT, admissions web site
 MIT Alumni Association
Publications
 MIT OpenCourseWare, Free online publication of nearly all MIT course materials
The Tech , student newspaper, the world's first newspaper on the web
Tech Talk, MIT's official newspaper
Technology Review, alumni magazine
MIT Press, university press & publisher

Maps
MIT Maps 
Early Maps of both the Boston and Cambridge Campuses  maintained by MIT's Institute Archives & Special Collections

References

Association of American Universities
Collegiate Water Polo Association
Cambridge, Massachusetts
 
1861 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Massachusetts
The Colbert Report was an American television talk show starring Stephen Colbert.

It was aired on Comedy Central Monday to Thursday, starting October 17, 2005. The last episode aired on December 18, 2014. It was a spin-off of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Colbert acts as if he is very conservative, as a parody. His show makes fun of different conservative political commentary shows, especially Bill O'Reilly's show The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News. The show also has many guests, usually one each night on the last part of his show. They are authors, actors, politicians, musicians and others. He also sometimes has other guests in other segments in his show, such as Congress members in his "Better Know a District" segment. The show is directed by Jim Hoskinson.

Colbert has also written three books with the writers of his show. The first book from 2007 is called I Am America (And So Can You!) as the character he plays on television.
The show is aired in Canada on The Comedy Network, The Comedy Channel in Australia, and Comedy Central in New Zealand.

The show won two Emmy Awards in 2013. It ended in December 2014.

Other websites 

Colbert Nation

2005 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American comedy television series
American television talk shows
Emmy Award winning programs
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
was the pen name of a Japanese writer. He is known for writing haiku of free verse. His real name was Taneda Shouichi (種田正一).

Other websites 
 e-texts of Santoka's works at Aozora Bunko
 Weeds, Falling Rain  a selection of Zen Haikai by Santoka Taneda, translated by Okami
 Santoka - a biography and poems 
SANTOKA by Kametaro
 Fire on the Mountain: The Selected Haiku of a Wandering Zen Monk Taneda Santoka  translated by Hisashi Miura and James Green
 SANTOKA and SAKE by endoy 

Japanese writers
1882 births
1940 deaths
Pen names
People from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Cid (Sidney) Corman (June 29, 1924 – March 12, 2004) was an American poet well known for editing the magazine Origin.

Other websites 
Thirty-one poems 
Cid Corman on poetry over the radio, October 1952
CID CORMAN & ORIGIN PRESS
  A large collection of Cid Corman's manuscripts is held at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at The University of Texas at Austin 
Additional papers (1942-76) are held in the Special Collections library at Kent State University 
Additional papers (1962-1964) are held in the Special Collections library at Washington University, Saint Louis 
An essay on Corman 
New Origin Web site 
About.com  Web page on Corman
obituary in The Guardian of London

1924 births
2004 deaths
Writers from Boston
Lenard Duane Moore (born February 13, 1958) is an American writer. He was born in Jacksonville, North Carolina. He has written more than 20 forms of poetry, drama, essays and literary criticism. He has been writing and publishing haiku for 25 years.

Poetry
Lenard's poetry has been translated into several languages. He has written the following:
Poems of Love & Understanding (Carlton Press, 1982)
The Open Eye (NC Haiku Society Press, 1985)
Forever Home (St. Andrews College Press, 1992)
Desert Storm: A Brief History (Los Hombres Press, 1993)
Awards
1983, 1994, 2003 Haiku Museum of Tokyo Award
1987-1988 Japan Air Lines Haiku Contest Finalist out of 40,000 entries
1992 First Prize Winner in Traditional Style Haiku,Mainichi Daily News:Tokyo, JAPAN
1992 Third Prize Harold G. Henderson Award, Haiku Society of America
1996 Indies Arts Award
1997 Margaret Walker Creative Writing Award
1998 Tar Heel of the Week Award
1998-2000 Cave Canem Fellow
2000 Alumni Achievement Award
2001 The Heron's Nest Award, First Runner-up for poem "summer moon-"
2006 Sam Ragan Fine Arts Award for contributing to the fine arts of North Carolina

1958 births
Living people
Military people from North Carolina
Writers from North Carolina
Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican writer, poet, and diplomat. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.

On April 19, 1998, Paz died of cancer in Mexico City, Mexico.

Other websites 
 Pegasos biography 
 Nobel museum biography and list of works 
  Octavio Paz's complete poems and essays from Vuelta magazine and literary criticism on his work
  Octavio Paz: 'La verdad contra el compromiso'

1914 births
1998 deaths
Cancer deaths in Mexico
Magazine founders
Mexican businesspeople
Mexican Nobel Prize winners
Mexican writers
Raymond Roseliep (August 11, 1917 – December 6, 1983) was a poet. He wrote haiku. He was a Catholic priest. He has been described as "the John Donne of Western haiku".

Other websites 
Selected Roseliep haiku
An academic analysis of the poems of Roseliep

Writers from Iowa
1917 births
1983 deaths
American poets
Kenneth Rexroth (December 22, 1905 – June 6, 1982) was an American writer. He was one of the first poets in the United States to write in traditional Japanese poetic forms such as haiku. Rexroth is known as one of the main figures in the San Francisco Renaissance.

Other websites
Other websites 

In Fall 2006, the literary journal Chicago Review  published a special issue on Rexroth that includes a large collection of his correspondence, an interview conducted by Bradford Morrow, and several essays and poems in his honor.
Introduction to Sacramental Acts: The Love Poems of Kenneth Rexroth 
Kenneth Rexroth Archive, a collection of works by and about Rexroth
A biography of Kenneth Rexroth - focussing on his anarchist and working class politics
Kenneth Rexroth , from the Anarchist Encyclopedia
Communalism, Seabury 1972, e-text
 A Life of Kenneth Rexroth - R book reviews  ; Fall, 1993; Donald Gutierrez; Literary Review
 On Rexroth's Poetry ; 1999; Donald K. Gutierrez; Modern American Poetry; Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;

1905 births
1982 deaths
Writers from California
Writers from Indiana
Industrial Workers of the World
Sonia Sanchez (born September 9, 1934) is an African-American poet. She is known for being part of the Black Arts Movement. 

Sanchez was born Wilsonia Benita Driver in Birmingham, Alabama on September 9, 1934. She studied at Hunter College, and New York University. She founded the Black Studies program at San Francisco State University. She was poet-in-residence at Temple University. 

She has written over twelve books of poetry. She has also written plays and children's books.

References

Other websites 
Academy of American Poets
Sonia Sanchez Biography at Voices from the Gap
Approaches to Teaching Sonia Sanchez's Poetry
An Evening with Sonia Sanchez 
Painted Voices: Sonia Sanchez Biography 
Women of Color Women of Word 
Sonia Sanchez Biography at Speak Out 
 Sonia Sanchez Article at the Heath Anthology of American Literature

1934 births
Living people
American poets
Writers from Birmingham, Alabama
Gary Snyder (born May 8, 1930) is an American writer. He is also an essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. Snyder is a winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.  Since the 1970s, he has often been called the "laureate of Deep Ecology." Since the 1950s, he has published travel-journals and essays.

Other websites 

Lannan Foundation, Wendell Berry and Gary Snyder 2001 (see Wendell Berry entry for link)
1991 audio interview with Gary Snyder by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio 
Gary Snyder - Books, Selected Poems, Prose and Biography - in Russian 
Blue Neon Alley - Selected Poems, Quotes and Directory 
Shambala Sun article "The Wild Mind Of Gary Snyder" by Trevor Carolan 
 Modern American Poetry Collection - Ball State University Archives and Special Collections Research Center - Other website 

Writers from San Francisco
1930 births
Living people
American environmentalists
Pulitzer Prize winners
Industrial Workers of the World
was a pseudonym of Japanese conceptual artist  (born 27 March 1937, died 26 October 2014). He started the art group Hi-Red Center with Jiro Takamatsu and Natsuyuki Nakanishi in 1963. Akasegawa helped to start the "Roadside Observation" art group (路上観察学会 in Japanese) with Terunobu Fujimori in 1986. He also created the word Tomason to describe a kind of found art. Tomason are parts of buildings that seem useless, but are interesting.

He used another pen name  for novels. He won the Akutagawa Prize in 1981 for a short story called "Chichi ga kieta".

Works 
超芸術トマソン (Chōgeijutsu Tomason), Byakuya shobō, 1985.  Reissue: Chikuma bunko, 1987, .
仙人の桜、俗人の桜 : にっぽん解剖紀行 (Sennin no sakura, zokujin no sakura), JTB Nihon Kotsu Kosha Shuppan Jigyokyoku, 1993, .
東京ミキサー計画 (Tōkyō mikisā keikaku), PARCO, 1984.  Reissue: Chikuma bunko, 1994, .

References

Other websites 
Genpei Akasegawa 
Genpei Akasegawa
1937 births
2014 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in Japan
Deaths from sepsis
Japanese photographers
People from Kanagawa Prefecture
Aries is the astrological Zodiac sign that represents the constellation Aries. In the tropical zodiac, Aries is from March 21 to April 20 beginning at the vernal equinox. Under the sidereal zodiac, it is now from April 15 to May 15. The opposite sign to Aries is Libra. The corresponding month in the Babylonian calendar is Arax Nisânu, which is made for Anu.

The symbol 

This sign for Aries was made from many stars which made up the head of the Aries (constellation) . The head of Aries is called Aluathay or Salhay and it is made up of four stars.

Mythology 
In mythology Aries is related to Greek myth of the ram which carried Athamas's son Phrixus and daughter Helle to Colchis away from their evil stepmother Ino. This ram is also related to Theseus, from the Greek myth of the Minotaur.

Astrology 
In astrology Aries is ruled by the planet Mars.

The Indian equivalent of Aries is Mesha, the Chinese equivalent is the Dragon.

Traditional relationships with Aries
Birthstone= Diamond, Aquamarine
 Starstone= Amethyst
 Colours= Red, White, Pink
 Metal= Gold, Bronze

References

Astrological signs
Taurus is an astrological sign, which is with the constellation (a group of stars that make the shape of an animal or person) of the same name. Under the tropical zodiac, Taurus is occupied by the Sun from April 20 to May 20, and under the sidereal zodiac, it is currently from May 14 to June 19.

Mythology 
In mythology, Taurus is often with the Greek myth of the bull-form taken by Zeus in order to win Europa. Taurus is also associated with the Greco-Roman goddess Aphrodite/Venus and sometimes also the goddesses Hera/Juno, Ishtar, Isis, Freyja, and Frigg and the gods Pan, Dionysus/Bacchus, Xolotl, and Quetzalcoatl.

Traditional relationships with Taurus 

 Birthstone=Emerald
 Colors= Pink, Green, Pale Blue
 Gemstones= Diamond, Emerald
 Metal= Silver,Copper
Famous people born in Taurus 
 Trent Reznor - singer, producer, composer of Nine Inch Nails
 Fred Astair - stage dancer, actor, singer
 George Clooney - actor, film director
 Elizabeth II - royalty
 Ulysses S. Grant - eighteenth president of the United States of America
 Janet Jackson - singer, actress
 Joe Louis - boxer
 Jack Nicholson - actor
 Michelle Pfieffer - actress
 Sergei Prokofiev - composer
 Sugar Ray Robinson - boxer
 James Stewart - actor
 Orson Wells - film director, film producer, radio producer, screenwriter
 Stevie Wonder - musician
 Malcolm X - civil rights activist, philosopher
 Audrey Hepburn - actress
 David Beckham - athlete
 Jessica Alba - actress
 Penelope Cruz - actress
 Katharine Hepburn - actress
 Miranda Kerr - model
 Linda Evangelista - model
 Miranda Cosgrove - actress and singer
  mark zuckerberg-facebook

Other websites 

Astrological signs
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (some people call it T2) is a 1991 American action-science fiction movie set in Los Angeles. It was directed, co-produced, and co-written by James Cameron, and stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, Edward Furlong and Robert Patrick. It is the second movie of the series, the 1984 movie The Terminator was the first, and picks up ten years after the events of the first movie. It follows Sarah Connor, her 10-year-old son John, and a helper from the future (as in the first movie), as they try to stop Judgment Day, a day in the future when machines will start to kill all humans.

T2 was a good movie as audience and critics say. It had an impact on people, and is known by many to have had power in the genres of action and science fiction. The movie's visual effects include many discoveries in computer made special effects, marking the first use of natural human movement for a CG character and the first computer made main character.
Story 
In 1995, eleven years after Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton) killed the original Terminator that was sent to kill her with the help of Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn), two men arrive in Los Angeles from the year 2029. The first is a Terminator (Arnold Schwarzenegger) identical to the one that Sarah first met, while the second is an unknown man (Robert Patrick).

John Connor (Edward Furlong) is now living with foster parents. He has grown up being told by his mother that he would someday lead the human race to beat the machines. Sarah has changed a lot because since the first movie - being stronger in mind and body - making people think she is crazy, and so she is sent to a mental hospital - Pescadero State Hospital.
After John throws the parts from the first Terminator into the molten metal, the Terminator tells him that he too must die to stop his technology from being used to create Skynet. He tells Sarah that he cannot kill himself, and she must lower him into the steel. As he goes down, he reaches up with a thumbs up, the last thing to go under. The movie ends with a dark highway at night, and Sarah's repetition of the phrase that Reese told her in the first movie. "The future is not set."

References

Other websites 
 
 Terminator 2: Judgment Day - Script
1991 action movies
1991 science fiction movies
1990s sequel movies
2010s 3D movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
American sequel movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by James Cameron
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in the future
Movies set in the 1990s
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
Robot movies
Chase movies
Science fiction action movies
Terminator (franchise)
Time travel movies
3D re-releases
Movies about nuclear war and weapons
Post-apocalyptic movies
Apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Christy Nicole Turlington (born January 2, 1969) is an American supermodel. She grew up in Danville, California. Her father was British commercial pilot. Her mother was a Salvadoran flight attendant. 

Turlington is best known for representing Calvin Klein perfumes. She has done this since 1987. She has also worked on various campaigns for Maybelline and Giorgio Armani. She has appeared in several movies about the fashion industry.

1969 births
Living people
Models from California
Premier is a title that some countries might use for their head of government, sometimes used instead of Prime Minister. In some other countries, such as Canada, the Premier could be title of a regional government of a province or other local division.

British Colonies 

When a colony is first allowed to elect its own government the head of the government is called the Chief Minister.  As the colony gets more able to rule itself it is given more powers and the title  of the Chief Minister is changed to Premier.  When the colony becomes independent the Premier becomes a Prime Minister, and British government ministers lose any authority to rule the new country.

Australia and Canada 

The leader of the federal governments in Australia and Canada is called the Prime Minister, but the leader of the governments in Australian states and Canadian Provinces is called the Premier. This is because the states and provinces are not independent.

References
References 

Government of Australia
Government of Canada
Government occupations
Hispanidad (literally Hispanicness) is the community formed by all the people and nations that share Spanish language and culture. The 23 nations included are all Spanish-speaking except the Philippines, and can be classified in four geographic areas: Spain, Hispanoamerica,  Hispanoafrica and the Hispanopacific. Every October 12  Hispanic Day is celebrated. Hispanidad or Spanish linguistic and cultural diffusion began when the 12 October 1492 Christopher Columbus sighted America and initiated the European colonization in the name of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. The kingdom of Castile (Castilla) built a global empire, spreading their culture and language in the Americas and biologically and culturally mixing with the indigenous peoples, altering the composition of the hemisphere. The penetration and reach of Spain at this time also extended into other European nations.

The Hispanics in the world
The Spanish is the mother tongue that spoken by more than 333 million people (in second place after Chinese). The total number of Spanish-speakers is more than 395 million people.

Europe
In Europe, Hispanics are mainly confined to Spain. There are more than 30 million of them.

America
Most Hispanics are in Hispanic America . There are more than 300 million. Countries like Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela .

Africa
Hispanics in the African continent are mostly in overseas territories of Spain (Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and Plazas de Soberanía) and in the nation of Equatorial Guinea. In Morocco and Western Sahara some people maintain Hispanic characteristics. Altogether in Africa two million speak Spanish.
Asia-Pacific
The Philippines is the only Asian country that conserves some identifiably Hispanic influences in its culture and Spanish loanwords in the native languages.
Other countries in the Asia-Pacific region that maintain a similar degree of Hispanic influence as the Philippines are:
Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, where Chamorro, a language with a lot of Spanish loanwords is spoken.
Caroline Islands, which nowadays are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia in the eastern part, and Palau.
Easter Island, nowadays an overseas territory of Chile. Spanish is the official language of the island.

References
 "Pavilionul Hispanitate"

Spanish culture
Spanish language
Aviation refers to flying using an aircraft, like an aeroplane. It also includes the activities and industries related to flight, such as air traffic control. The biggest of the many uses of aviation are in air travel and military combat.

History 

Humans first built devices to fly in the air a long time ago. In the sixth century, Yuan Huangtou from China created a kite. Some primitive types of parachutes and gliders were also created in North Africa.

The modern age of aviation started on November 21, 1783, when the Montgolfier brothers flew in their hot air balloon. Airships followed. On December 17, 1903, the  Wright brothers flew the first flight in an aeroplane which was heavier than air; their invention is known as the first aeroplane.

Military aircraft became somewhat important in World War I. In the 1930s airliners began carrying many passengers. Jet engines began flying in fighter aircraft in World War II and in airliners in the 1950s.

References
Cyberpunk is a kind of science fiction. The Cyberpunk genre began in the early 1980s. Bruce Bethke made this word for his 1980 short story "Cyberpunk" by putting together two words: "cybernetics" and "punk rock".
Soon, people used this word to describe William Gibson's book, Neuromancer.

Cyberpunk authors put their stories in different settings. The time is usually set in the near-future and the settings are often dystopian (characterized by misery). These are often societies with very advanced technology. Often, only a few huge corporations control the society. These corporations control the technology. Instead of being beneficial to all, technology is used by the few corporations for their own interests only.  Many cyberpunk novels are about individual computer users. One hero fights a computer/Internet controlled society.
Themes
Common themes in cyberpunk include advances in information technology and especially the Internet, artificial intelligence and prosthetics and post-democratic societal control where corporations have more influence than governments. Nihilism, post-modernism, and film noir techniques are common elements, and the protagonists may be disaffected or reluctant anti-heroes.

Earlier books that influenced Cyberpunk
Philip K. Dick, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (made into the movie: Blade Runner)

Important authors and books
 William Gibson - Neuromancer and Burning Chrome
 Bruce Sterling - Editor of Mirrorshades anthology
 Neal Stephenson - Snow Crash (1992)
 Pat Cadigan - Mindplayers
 Rudy Rucker - The Ware Series
 John Shirley - Heatseeker

In other media
 Blade Runner (1982) is an important example of the cyberpunk visual style.
Akira by Katsuhiro Otomo is an example of cyberpunk in manga and anime.

References

Science fiction
Igbo is a language spoken in Nigeria. It is spoken by more than 18 million people. Igbo is a tonal language. The language is written in the Roman script.

References

Niger-Congo languages
Tonal languages
Languages of Nigeria
Wind shear is a difference in either wind speed or direction over a fairly short distance in the atmosphere. Wind shear can be divided into two different types: horizontal and vertical wind shear.

When wind shear is observed
Weather situations when the Wind shear is observed happen:
At weather fronts when the temperature difference across the front is 5 °C or more, and the front moves at 15 kt or faster. 
At low level jets when a significant low level vertical wind shear can develop near the lower portion of the low level jet.  
At mountains when winds blow over and create vertical shear on the lee side.
At inversions when on a clear and calm night a radiation inversion is formed near the ground.  
At downbursts when an outflow boundary moves away from a thunderstorm.
At sailing when wind shear affects sailboats by presenting a different wind speed and direction at different heights along the sailing mast.

Related pages
Aeroplane
Refraction

Notes

Other websites
Other websites

National Science Digital Library - Wind shear 

Winds
Polar cyclones (also known as Arctic Cyclones) are large areas of low pressure. They should not be confused with polar lows since people happen to use the same term for polar cyclones. Polar cyclones are usually 1,000 to 2,000 kilometers wide in which the air is moving in a spiral counterclockwise fashion in the northern hemisphere. The reason for the rotation is the same as tropical cyclones, the Coriolis effect. They also exist in places such as Greenland, the Eurasian Arctic area, and northern Canada, with about 15 cyclones per winter. Polar cyclones can form in any time of the year, although summer polar cyclones are usually weaker than the ones that form in the winter. Also, they are not closely studied and are rarely destructive since they happen in areas with little or no population.

One center is near Baffin Island and the other over northeast Siberia.  In the southern hemisphere, it is usually near the edge of the Ross ice shelf near 160 west longitude.
The Antarctic vortex of the Southern Hemisphere is a single low-pressure zone that is found near the edge of the Ross ice shelf, near 160 west longitude. When the polar vortex is strong, the mid-latitude Westerlies (winds at the surface level between 30° and 60° latitude from the west) increase in strength and are persistent. When the polar vortex is weak, high-pressure zones of the mid-latitudes may push poleward, moving the polar vortex, jet stream, and polar front equatorward. The jet stream is seen to "buckle" and deviate south. This rapidly brings cold dry air into contact with the warm, moist air of the mid-latitudes, resulting in a rapid and dramatic change of weather known as a "cold snap".

Ozone depletion occurs within the polar vortices – particularly over the Southern Hemisphere – reaching a maximum depletion in the spring.
History
The polar vortex was first described as early as 1853. The phenomenon's sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) develops during the winter in the Northern Hemisphere and was discovered in 1952 with radiosonde observations at altitudes higher than 20 km.

The phenomenon was mentioned frequently in the news and weather media in the cold North American winter of 2013–2014, popularizing the term as an explanation of very cold temperatures.

A deep freeze that gripped much of the United States and Canada in late January 2019 has been blamed on a polar vortex. The US National Weather Service warned that frostbite is possible within just 10 minutes of being outside in such extreme temperatures, and hundreds of schools, colleges and universities in the affected areas were closed. Around 21 people died in US due to severe frostbite. States within the midwest region of the United States had windchills just above -50°F (-45°C), which is colder than the frozen tundra and Antarctica.
Identification
Polar cyclones are low-pressure zones embedded within the polar air masses, and exist year-round. The stratospheric polar vortex develops at latitudes above the subtropical jet stream. Horizontally, most polar vortices have a radius of less than . Since polar vortices exist from the stratosphere downward into the mid-troposphere, a variety of heights/pressure levels are used to mark its position. The 50 mb pressure surface is most often used to identify its stratospheric location. At the level of the tropopause, the extent of closed contours of potential temperature can be used to determine its strength.  Others have used levels down to the 500 hPa pressure level (about  above sea level during the winter) to identify the polar vortex.

Duration and power
Duration and power

Polar vortices are weakest during summer and strongest during winter. Extratropical cyclones that migrate into higher latitudes when the polar vortex is weak can disrupt the single vortex creating smaller vortices (cold-core lows) within the polar air mass. Those individual vortices can persist for more than a month.

Volcanic eruptions in the tropics can lead to a stronger polar vortex during winter for as long as two years afterwards. The strength and position of the polar vortex shapes the flow pattern in a broad area about it. An index which is used in the northern hemisphere to gauge its magnitude is the Arctic oscillation.

References

Severe weather

en:Polar cyclone
(or  or ) are traditional female Japanese entertainers. They are skilled at different Japanese arts, like playing classical Japanese music, dancing and poetry. Geisha are not prostitutes, despite what some people think.

The term geisha is made of two Japanese words,  () meaning "art," and  (), meaning "person who does" or "to be employed in." The most literal translation in English is "artist." Geisha are respected as artists and performers, and it is difficult to become one.

Kyoto is the city with the strictest geisha traditions. Geisha have worked there for the longest time. Becoming a professional geisha can take up to five years of training in Kyoto.
Apprentice geisha are called . The name comes from  (), meaning "dancing," and  (), meaning "child."  wear white make-up called  and long-sleeved kimono with many bright colors.  in some places wear a belt, called an , that is up to  long. Many  wear fancy hairstyles made with their own hair, but in some places, they wear wigs instead. Full geisha wear simpler kimono and wear white makeup only for special occasions. Geisha also wear wigs and have a much shorter kimono belt.

There are also geisha in other cities, but there are differences. In Tokyo, becoming a full geisha takes from six months to a year. Geisha apprentices in Tokyo are called , which means "half jewel" or "half pay." Apprentice geisha in Tokyo are also called , which means "one who serves (alcohol)." Geisha in Tokyo are normally older than those in Kyoto.
Many geisha still live in traditional geisha houses called  in neighborhoods called , which means "flower town." Older geisha who are successful may have their own home. A geisha always needs to be registered to a geisha house to be allowed to work.

The world that geisha are a part of is called , which means "the flower and willow world." One very famous geisha, , said that is because a "geisha like a flower, beautiful in her own way, and like a willow tree, gracious, flexible, and strong."

Geisha are considered to be cultural icons of Japan.

History 

Before geisha appeared, some women worked as artists and entertainers. In the Heian Period (794-1185), women entertained people at the Imperial Court by singing and dancing and were known as .
Later, women who worked as prostitutes and courtesans entertained men in the red-light districts of Japan. In 1589,  authorized the building of a neighborhood in Kyoto that was closed from the outside with walls. Called , it was dedicated to pleasure.  was established as an official red-light district in 1640, and became one of three areas in Japan in which prostitution could be practiced legally. The other two were  in Tokyo, which had been established in 1617, and , in Osaka.

Thelose areas were known as  and were the only places that women were allowed to be prostitutes. Courtesans were collectively called  and were very expensive.  also entertained men with singing, dancing, poetry, music and conversation. The highest-ranking  were the , who did not engage in prostitution, under the other . Instead, they would have one or two rich clients act as their patron; those men would pay a lot of money to be entertained by their  clients.
could turn men away and could decide who they would entertain.  were raised from a young age to be very skilled in different types of art and entertainment, and many of them became celebrities. Many woodblock prints and paintings exist of famous , and other .

Geisha appeared only much later, during the Tokugawa period. Originally, geisha were men, who travelled throughout the red-light districts to entertain clients with music, dancing, and poetry. Such men were known as geisha but were also called ,  and  because they played the , a Japanese drum.
Male geisha were very low-class entertainers, but  were considered to be upper class. Every man who wished to be with an  had to follow difficult rituals and etiquette and to have enough money to pay for her time. That meant that only the richest nobility got to be entertained by . Many tea houses () appeared outside  and offered entertainment that was not offered inside . At some of the tea houses, some women practiced cheaper prostitution and were called . However other women, who were called  ('dancing girls'), acted as dancers and musicians and soon became very popular. They started calling themselves 'geisha', like the male artists who worked in .

By about 1700, female geisha had become much more popular than male geisha. A few years later, almost all geisha were women.
The government prohibited geisha from working as prostitutes and allowed them only to act as entertainers. One of the laws made them tie their  (sash) in the back, as  wore theirs at the front as a sign that they were available for sex. Geisha had to wear simpler hairstyles, less hair accessories, less makeup, and simpler kimono. If an  accused a geisha of stealing her customers, the geisha would be investigated.
Soon, the geisha became so much more popular than the  that in 1761, the last  of  retired. Though  continued to work in Kyoto and Osaka,  as a whole were seen as outdated, too traditional, and too expensive.  could not leave the red-light districts because they had a lot of debt to the owner of the brothel they worked in and were not thought of as celebrities or fashionable anymore. Most people could not afford to hire them. In contrast, geisha were cheaper and more fashionable, and could leave the red-light districts whenever they wanted. They sang popular songs and did not need several expensive meetings before they would entertain a client. New geisha neighborhoods () were created in Kyoto and other cities.
In the 19th century, geisha were in better position than common women,but they also had problems in Japanese society. Some poor people sold their daughters to a geisha house, but that was less common than some people think since many geisha came from families in which the mother or another female relative had once been a geisha. Geisha could not marry but could have a patron to pay for their expenses, and some retired when they gained a rich patron. Other men paid a lot of money to take the new girls' virginity (), and if the owner of a geisha house was dishonest and greedy, a young geisha could have her virginity sold a number of times to different men.

However, the reputation and the respect for the geisha grew in the Meiji Restoration and even more after World War II. Important laws to protect them were created. Young girls could no longer be sold to the geisha houses, and the virginity of young geisha could no longer be bought. Since then, women become geisha only by their free will.

Today
Today

Number
Though people often talk about how there are not many geisha left in Japan and that they might be about to die out, the geisha profession is very resilient. In history, the numbers of geisha sometimes fell because of changes in the economy or because of war. However, the number of working geisha usually rose again not long afterward.

In the 1920s there were over 80,000 geisha in Japan. In 1944, all geisha districts were shut because of World War II, and geisha, like everyone else, had to help out with the war. In Tokyo alone, almost 9,000 geisha were still entertaining guests before they were told they could not work as geisha anymore. After the war, geisha districts opened up again on 25 October 1945. By 1967, there were nearly 5,000 geisha in Tokyo again.

Today, there are far fewer geisha. The exact number of geisha working today is not known but is estimated to be around 1,000 to 2,000.
21st century
Geisha today live and work now Japan in different geisha districts (), which have their own traditions of arts, training, and clothing. The best-known geisha live in Kyoto, which has five geisha districts. The most famous one is , which is sometimes just called . There are also Manu geisha in Tokyo and in towns with hot springs like . In some places in Japan, people have decided to bring back geisha districts that had no geisha in them for decades.

Many geisha houses and districts now use social media to advertise their work, and geisha do not need to be born into a geisha district to work there. Some geisha districts put on events to attract tourists. In Kyoto, places like  Corner put on dances performed by  that anyone can go and watch.