Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
History and examples 
The first cooperative was a store in Rochdale, England started in 1844.  The people who started it wanted food that was cheaper and better quality.  Since then, people have found many ways to cooperate.  

Examples of cooperatives:

 Farmers provide their own transport and marketing to get better prices for their crops
 Poor people protect themselves from money-lenders, and workers save for their retirement (as in a credit union)
 Fishers package their fish to get a better price
 Villagers provide themselves with electricity or water
 Residents own their apartment building

The International Cooperative Alliance was started in 1885.  It reports that there are 800 million cooperative members in the world.

Other websites 

 Rochdale - Birthplace of Cooperation
 International Cooperative Alliance

Business organizations
For the original WWE Tag Team Championship that was active from 1971 through 2010, see World Tag Team Championship (WWE).

The WWE Raw Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling world tag team championship of WWE, and it's wrestled for on the Raw brand. From April 5, 2009 to August 16, 2010 it was made into one with the World Tag Team Championship until the other title was retired.
After the Brand Extension in World Wrestling Entertainment, the WWE Undisputed Championship and WWE Women's Championship became the only titles allowed to be fought for on both the Raw and SmackDown! brands, while the remaining titles were made where they could only be fought for on their own brands. Originally a part of the SmackDown brand after the company's first brand extension in the spring of 2002, the Tag Team Championship was moved to the Raw brand that following summer. The Tag Team Championship became apart of the Raw brand only, leaving the SmackDown! brand without a tag team title. As a result, SmackDown General Manager Stephanie McMahon, introduced the new "WWE Tag Team Championship" and made it the tag team title for the SmackDown! brand. She stated that the first champions would be the winners of an eight-team tournament
. On October 20, 2002, the team of Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit beat Rey Mysterio and Edge at No Mercy 2002 in the tournament final to become the first ever WWE Tag Team Champions.
On October 17, 2007, SmackDown! and ECW announced a talent sharing agreement that made it where talent from either brand's roster can compete on both brands. As a result, the title was fought for on both brands. In late 2008 through early 2009, WWE Tag Team Champions The Colóns (Carlito and Primo) engaged in rivalry with the World Tag Team Champions John Morrison and The Miz, which resulted in the announcement on the March 17 edition of ECW that at WrestleMania XXV both teams would fight for their titles against each other and the winning team would hold both titles.
The result was the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship, a combination of the two titles though both were kept active by themselves (and thus keeping their own title histories), they were defended as one by one tag team. The champions could appear on and defend the titles on any WWE brand. Though eventually, on August 16, 2010, the World Tag Team Championship was retired in favor of continuing the history of the WWE Tag Team Championship following the introduction of new championship belts to then-champions David Hart Smith and Tyson Kidd of The Hart Dynasty.  The champions continued to compete on any brand until the end of the brand extension in August, 2011.  However, WWE decided to bring back the brand split in July 2016. During the draft for this, the champions at the time, The New Day, were chosen to wrestle on Raw. This meant that SmackDown didn't have a tag team title. So, SmackDown's general manager Daniel Bryan and commissioner Shane McMahon created the SmackDown Tag Team championship
. After this, the WWE Tag Team Championship was renamed the Raw Tag Team Championship.
At WrestleMania 34 on April 8, 2018, the champions at the time, Cesaro and Sheamus, were going to fight Braun Strowman and a partner for him to choose. At the show, Strowman said that his partner would be a fan from the audience. Then, he went out into the crowd and picked a 10-year-old named Nicholas and they beat Cesaro and Sheamus for the titles. This made Nicholas the youngest person to ever win a championship in WWE. The two gave up the titles the next night on Raw.

Related pages
List of WWE Tag Team Championship reigns by length

References

Other websites
 WWE Tag Team Championship official title history

World Wrestling Entertainment championships
2002 establishments
"Perfect Illusion" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga.  It is the lead single from her fifth studio album, Joanne.  The song was released on September 9, 2016.  It reached the top twenty in the US, UK, Australia, and Canada.  It reached number one in France and Spain.

References

Lady Gaga songs
2016 songs
Pop songs
Lady Gaga
The Georgian Wikipedia is a Georgian language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Georgian Wikipedia started in November 2003. The Georgian Wikipedia has more than 130,000 articles.

Administrators and users
There are 3 administrators and more than 73,000 registered users working in Georgian Wikipedia.

Origin of edits
 Georgian editors-91.8%
 United States of America-1.6%
 Others-5.6%

Reference

Other websites
 Georgian Wikipedia home page

Wikipedias
Malagasy Wikipedia is the Malagasy language edition of Wikipedia. Malagasy is an austronesian language mostly spoken in Madagascar as the first language. It is also the national language of Madagascar.

Articles
Total number of articles written in Malagasy Wikipedia is 82000+.

Administrators
This wikipedia has 3 administrators along with 13,423 registered users and 42 active users.

Other websites 

 Malagasy Wikipedia

Wikipedias
Breton Wikipedia is the Breton language version of Wikipedia. It was established in June 2004.

Breton Wikipedia reached 20,000 articles in August 2008. It reached 30,000 articles in October 2009. On 2014 July it reached 50,000 articles. It has 69,790 articles as of August 2021. It also became the 71st largest Wikipedia by the article count.

Breton Wikipedia is the second largest Wikipedia of a Celtic language after the Welsh Wikipedia. The total number of registered users in Breton Wikipedia is 34,786.

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2004
Tessellation of a flat surface refers to the repeated placement of shapes with no overlaps and no gaps. These shapes are also called tiles. In mathematics, tessellations can be generalized to higher dimensions and a variety of geometries.

Geometry
Vítězslav Nezval (26 May 1900 – 6 April 1958) was a Czech poet.

Biography 
Vítězslav Nezval was born in the village of Biskoupky on 26 May 1900. In 1919 started to study law at the University of Brno, but quickly realised that he did not want to be a lawyer. He went to Prague instead and entered the Faculty of Philosophy of Prague University. He attended lectures given by František Xaver Šalda, a famous literary critic, there. He was active in the Devětsil literary group. In 1926 he met Františka Řepová, who later became his wife. During the Second World War he was shortly imprisoned. After the war he worked for the Ministry of Information. He died on 6 April 1958 in Prague.
Works 
Vítězslav Nezval was a poet, playwright, author of novels, translator and literary critic. He wrote a lot. He was a representative of  Poetismus, which was Czech avantgarde. He was also a leading Czech surrealist. His poetry was strongly influenced by modern French literature. He also wrote a book of ballads in the manner of François Villon 52 hořkých balad věčného studenta Roberta Davida. Nezval's most important works are poems Edison, Signál času, Akrobat and Podivuhodný kouzelník. They were collected in the book named Básně noci. His novel Valérie a týden divů was made into a movie in 1970 by Jaromil Jireš. Many his poems were translated into English. For example Ewald Osers translated Edison.

References

Bibliography 
 Vítězslav Nezval, Edison. Báseň o pěti zpěvech. English translation: Ewald Osers, Dvořák, Pelhřimov 2003, 

1900 births
1958 deaths
Czech poets
A bamboo floor is a kind of flooring which is made using bamboo plants. Today, most of the bamboo flooring products come from China and other parts of Asia. Moso bamboo is a type of bamboo most commonly used for this type of flooring.

References

Building materials
Bamboo
The Vinča culture was a culture during the stone age, roughly from 5400 BC to 4600 BC. It is named for a large site found close to modern-day Belgrade, Serbia. In addition to the territory of modern-day Serbia, sites have also been discovered in Romania, Hungary and Bosnia. Today, it is known for many ceramic figurines. Some of these figurines also have symbols on them, which have been interpreted as an early form of writing. These symbols are called Vinča symbols.

The Vinča culture was the first to develop the knowledge and skills to process copper, in the late 6th millennium BC.[2] 

Stone Age
The Tărtăria tablets are three tablets discovered in 1961 in the village of Tărtăria(Hungarian: Alsótatárlaka). This is about 30 km (19 mi) from Alba Iulia in Romania.[10]The tablets, dated to around 5300 BC,[11] have symbols inclay: the Vinča symbols. Some claim they are a yet undeciphered language. If this is so, they would be the earliest known form of writing. In 1908 similar symbols were found during excavations, by Miloje Vasić (1869–1956) in Vinča. This is a suburb of Belgrade (Serbia), some 300 km from Turdaș. Later, more were found in another part of Belgrade. Since 1875 over one hundred and fifty Vinča sites have been found in Serbia alone. Many, including Vinča itself, have not been fully excavated. The culture of the whole area is called the Vinča culture. Although some of these symbols look exactly the same as some letters in Etruscan, Greek, and Aramaic,[12] they are generally regarded as a an original, independent development.[13]

Stone Age
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) were the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe under the command of General John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight World War I. At first, the AEF fought in France alongside French and British allied forces. The war started in August 1914 and the AEF arrived in April 1917, the last year of the war. They were fighting against the German Empire.  In September 1918 the AEF launched its first major offensive as an independent army.

References 

World War I
This is a list of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan, from the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Foreign Ministers of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan 
 Mammedhasan Hajinski (May 28, 1918 – October 6, 1918)
 Alimardan Topchubashev (October 6, 1918 – December 7, 1918)
 Fatali Khan Khoyski (December 26, 1918 – March 14, 1919)
 Mammad Yusif Jafarov (March 14, 1919 – December 22, 1919)
 Fatali Khan Khoyski, second term (December 24, 1919 – April 1,  1920)

Foreign Ministers of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic 
 Nariman Narimanov (April, 1920 – May 2,  1921)
 Mirza Davud Huseynov (May 1921 – December, 1921)
 No Ministers of Foreign Affairs between 1921-1944
 Mahmud Aliyev (politician) (1944 – 1958)
 Tahire Tahirova (1959 – 1983)
 Elmira Qafarova (December 1, 1983 – December 22, 1987)
 Huseynaga Sadigov (January 23, 1988 – October 18, 1991)

Foreign Ministers of Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
Huseynaga Sadigov (January 23, 1988 – May 29, 1992)
 Tofig Gasimov (July 4, 1992 – June 26, 1993)
 Hasan Hasanov (September 2, 1993 – February 16, 1998)
 Tofig Zulfugarov (March 5, 1998 – October 26, 1999)
 Vilayat Guliyev (October 26, 1999 – April 7, 2004)
 Elmar Mammadyarov (April 7, 2004 – )

Related pages 
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan

Other websites 
 List of the Foreign Ministers of Azerbaijan with short bio and photos 

Azerbaijan, Ministers of Foreign Affairs
Government of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani politicians
Azerbaijan politics-related lists
Lists of Azerbaijani people
Hair clippers are tools used to cut hair very short and close to the scalp. Similar tools are used to cut wool from sheep. 

Hair clippers have two rows of small comb-like blades which move back and forth very fast. The clippers are moved so that the blades cut the hair as it passes through it.

History 

Manual clippers were invented between 1850 and 1890 by Nikola Bizumic, a Serbian barber, and the hairstyles became popular amongst boys and men in school, prison, and the military.

Leo J. Wahl invented the first electric hair clipper. He first designed a hand-held massager for his uncle, Dr. Frank Wahl. Frank Wahl opened a manufacturing plant in Sterling, Illinois to produce and sell Leo’s massager. During this time, Leo would sell massagers to various barbers and noticed an opportunity to improve upon the tools barbers were using at the time.

Use
Use 

Modern electric clippers often come with "guards". The guards can be attached to the blade to determine how short the hair will be cut. The largest guard is often a #8, which leaves the hair an inch long (25mm). The smallest guard is a #1, which cuts the hair to 3mm. When there is no guard, the clipper completely shaves the hair.

Clippers are often used for men's haircuts as well as cutting facial hair. A popular men's hairstyle is a buzz cut, in which the hair all over the head is cut extremely short using clippers. Buzz cuts are often used in the military for various reasons. Many young boys and teenage boys are given buzz cuts as well because they are easy haircuts to take care of.

References 

Tools
Hair
Hygiene
Merry Christmas with Love is Clay Aiken's first Christmas album. It was released by RCA Records on November 16, 2004. It was certified platinum and was recognized by Billboard as the Best-selling Christmas/holiday album of 2004 and the Best-selling Christian album of 2005. The album was re-released on August 18, 2009 on the Sony label.

Merry Christmas with Love debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with about 270,000 copies sold. This was its highest position on the chart. By the end of 2004, around 1,004,000 copies of the album had been sold.

The album set a new record for fastest-selling holiday album, since SoundScan began in March 1991. It tied Céline Dion's record for the highest debut by a holiday album in the history of Billboard magazine.
On January 6, 2005, Merry Christmas with Love was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of one million copies in the U.S.  Going into the 2010 Christmas season, 1,416,000 copies had been sold in the U.S. and 2 million worldwide.

Awards and nominations 
Billboard Awards
 2004: Won - Best Selling Christmas Album - Merry Christmas with Love
 2005: Won - Best Selling Christian Album - Merry Christmas with Love

American Christian Music Awards
 2005: Won - Outstanding Yule CD - Merry Christmas with Love

Singles

References 

2004 albums
The Arauco Province () is one of three provinces of the Chilean region of Bío Bío (VIII). The provincial capital Is the city of Lebu.

History
In 1852, the old province of Arauco was created with the southern parts of the province of Concepción; it had three departments: Arauco, Laja and Nacimiento.

In 1927, Arauco was eliminated as a province and became again part of the province of Concepción but, in 1934, Arauco was made again a province with the departments Arauco, Cañete and Lebu. When the regions were created in 1975, the Bío Bío region was formed with the Arauco, Biobío, Concepción and Ñuble provinces.

Geography
The Arauco province is in the southwest of the Bío Bío region along the Pacific Ocean, with an area of . The capital, Lebu, is on the coast about  south of Concepción, the capital of the region.
Arauco is bordered to the north by the Concepción province, to the northeast by the Biobío province, to the east by the Malleco province (Araucanía region), to the south and southwest by the Cautín province (Araucanía region and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

The Mocha island is a small island that is west of the Arauco province, in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the comuna of Lebu. It has an area of about .

Population
 (last national census), there were 157,255 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 117,569 persons ( of the total).

The largest city in 2002 of the province is Curanilahue with 30,126 inhabitants. Its capital Lebu, has a population of 20,838 inhabitants. Other cities are Cañete (19,839 inhabitants), Arauco (16,291 inhabitants) and Los Álamos (13,035 inhabitants).
Administration
As a province, Arauco is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 7 communes (comunas). The city of Lebu serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Gallery

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional del Bío Bío Official website 
 Province of Arauco website 

Provinces of Chile
Bío Bío Region
Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente (born October 10, 1954) is an American businessman, political activist, and politician.

He was the unsuccessful nominee of the Reform Party and that of his self-created American Delta Party for President of the United States in the 2016 election. De La Fuente was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in Florida's 2016 election for United States Senator and  for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2016 primaries.

In May 2019, De La Fuente announced his plans to run for the presidency again, seeking the Republican nomination challenging incumbent President Donald Trump.

Early life
De La Fuente was born to Roque Antonio De La Fuente and Bertha Guerra Izaguirre on October 10, 1954 in San Diego, California. He studied at  National Autonomous University of Mexico and studied Accounting & Business Administration at Anahuac University.
Career
Between 1976 and 1990, De La Fuente had bought automobile dealerships from Alfa Romeo, American Motor Corporation, Audi, Cadillac, Chrysler, Daihatsu, Dodge, GMC, Honda, and others.

In 2004, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation issued an order barring De La Fuente from participating in an FDIC-insured institution. De La Fuente went to court and the case was resolved.

He owns businesses and properties in the Dominican Republic, Mexico, United States, and Uruguay.

Political Campaigns

2016 presidential 
De La Fuente ran a presidential campaign in the 2016 election. De La Fuente sought the Democratic Party's nomination during their presidential primaries. De La Fuente's campaign came in Third behind Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders.
De La Fuente founded the American Delta Party and ran as that party's nominee with his running mate Michael Steinberg and was nominated as the presidential candidate of the Reform Party which had ballot access in Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota and Mississippi.

2016 Senate campaign
On June 20, 2016, De La Fuente paid the $10,440 qualifying fee to run for the Democratic nomination of the 2016 Senate election in Florida to decide the Democratic nominee for the Senate seat occupied by Republican Marco Rubio. He competed with Patrick Murphy, Alan Grayson, Pam Keith, and Reginald Luster for the nomination. Murphy won the nomination; De La Fuente came in fourth-place out of five candidates, receiving 60,606 votes (5.38% of the overall vote).
2018 Senate Campaigns 
In 2018, De La Fuente, ran for US Senate in seven Republican primaries and the California and Washington open primaries to show how problematic the current election process was. He lost the primaries in Wyoming (1,280 votes, 1.1% of the vote), Hawaii (3,065 votes, 9.4% of the vote ), Minnesota (17,051 votes, 5.9% of the vote), Vermont (1,057 votes, 2.9% of the vote), Delaware (1,998 votes, 5.3% of the vote), and Rhode Island (3,722 votes, 12.3% of the vote). In Florida, he got 11.4% of the vote against Republican Gov. Rick Scott. He also filed to run for the 2018 Senate election in California under the Republican Party to unseat incumbent Dianne Feinstein, but failed in the June 5 primary.

2020 presidential campaign
On January 9, 2017, De La Fuente announced his plans to run for president again for the Democratic nomination in 2020. He soon filed to run for the Republican nomination. As of September 30, 2019, he had raised $6,735 from outside sources and had loaned his own campaign $10.18 million. He has qualified as a candidate in Alabama, Delaware, Vermont, Arkansas, New Hampshire, Colorado, and Texas.

On July 30, De La Fuente filed a federal lawsuit against the new California law that says no one can be on a presidential primary ballot unless he or she reveals the last five years of federal income tax returns. On August 6, 2019, he filed a brief on it.
2020 congressional
De La Fuente ran as a Republican in the campaign for the U.S. House of Representatives seat for California's 21st district. (Unlike most other states, California has no law prohibiting simultaneously running for the presidency and for Congress.) His son Ricardo ran for the same seat as a Democrat. Neither De La Fuente lives in the district. Rocky felt that his candidacy would help his son's chances of getting the seat, which was the outcome he desired. Neither De La Fuente succeeded in this primary, coming in third (Ricardo) and fourth (Rocky) in a four-candidate jungle primary in which the top two vote-getters compete in the general election. However, on the same day, Ricardo, who had previously run for the House from California's 34th and Florida's 23rd districts, won the Democratic primary for U.S. representative for Texas's 27th district, but went on to lose the general election.

Personal life
De La Fuente married Katayoun Yazdani.
De La Fuente has five children. De La Fuente has a stated goal of creating a political dynasty. Two of his sons have also sought office.

His son Ricardo "Ricky" De La Fuente has sought several congressional seats. He first ran as a Democrat in the 2017 California's 34th congressional district special election. He then, in 2018, unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Florida's 24th US congressional district. In 2020 he unsuccessfully ran as a Democrat in the California's 21st US congressional district (competing against his father, who ran unsuccessfully as a Republican) and successfully won the Democratic nomination for Texas's 27th US congressional district (where he hopes to become a resident). In 2020, Ricardo was also originally running for the Democratic nomination in Florida's 24th US congressional district.

In 2020, his son Roque De La Fuente III entered the Democratic presidential primaries in Arizona, California,  Colorado, Idaho, Missouri, New Hampshire, Texas, and Utah.
Electoral history

Presidential elections

U.S. Senate primaries

2018 Senate primaries

2020 congressional

References

Other websites
Rocky 2016 campaign website 

Columnist Dave Barry on meeting De La Fuente

1954 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
2016 United States presidential candidates
Businesspeople from California
Politicians from Florida
Politicians from San Diego, California
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Rocky De La Fuente ran a third-party campaign for the presidency of the United States in the 2016 election. De La Fuente had sought the Democratic Party's nomination during their presidential primaries. De La Fuente's campaign did not win a single delegate to the 2016 Democratic National Convention, but he came in fourth by total votes received.

De La Fuente founded the American Delta Party, and ran as its presidential nominee with running mate Michael Steinberg. He was also nominated as the presidential nominee of the Reform Party which has ballot access in Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

References

Other websites

Rocky 2016 campaign website 

Columnist Dave Barry on meeting De la Fuente

2016 United States presidential campaigns
Catherine Marie Cortez Masto (born March 29, 1964) is an American attorney and politician. She is the senior United States Senator from Nevada. She was the Attorney General of Nevada from 2007 to 2015, elected to replace George Chanos. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

When her term began in 2017, Masto became the first Latina United States senator in American history.

References

1964 births
Living people
United States senators from Nevada
Lawyers from Nevada
Politicians from Las Vegas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Todd Christopher Young (born August 24, 1972) is an American politician. He is the senior U.S. Senator from Indiana. He previously served as a U.S. Representative for  from 2011 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. On November 8, 2016, Young was elected to the United States Senate in the general election. Young defeated Evan Bayh.

References

Other websites
 Todd Young for Senate
 
 
 

1972 births
Living people
Military people from Pennsylvania
United States representatives from Indiana
United States senators from Indiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
University of Chicago alumni
United States Marine Corps personnel
Birch Evans "Evan" Bayh III ( ; born December 26, 1955) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He served as the junior U.S. Senator from Indiana from 1999 to 2011. He earlier served as the 46th Governor of Indiana from 1989 to 1997. His father was former Senator Birch Bayh.

On February 15, 2010, Bayh unexpectedly announced he would not seek reelection to the Senate in 2010. After leaving the Senate, he was replaced by his predecessor, Dan Coats.

Following the withdrawal of 2016 Democratic primary winner Baron Hill, Bayh announced that he would be running to take back his old Senate seat from retiring Republican incumbent Dan Coats. He was defeated in the general election.

References

1955 births
Living people
United States senators from Indiana
Governors of Indiana
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Indiana
John Charles Carney Jr. (born May 20, 1956) is the Governor of Delaware. He was the U.S. Representative for  from 2011 to 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the 24th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware from 2001 to 2009.

Other websites
John Carney for Governor 

Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2010)

1956 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
Governors of Delaware
Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
United States representatives from Delaware
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Delaware
Eric Holcomb (born May 2, 1968) is an American politician. He currently serves as the 51st Governor of Indiana. He previously served as the 51st Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. He was nominated to fill the remainder of Sue Ellspermann's term. Ellspermann resigned on March 2, 2016 to become president of Ivy Tech Community College. He is a member of the Republican Party, and successfully ran for Governor of Indiana in the 2016 election.

References

1968 births
Living people
Governors of Indiana
Lieutenant Governors of Indiana
Politicians from Indianapolis
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Eric Robert Greitens (born April 10, 1974) is an American politician, author, humanitarian, and former Navy SEAL. He is the 56th Governor of the state of Missouri from January 9, 2017 until his resignation in June 1, 2018. Greitens is the Former President and founder of The Mission Continues, a nonprofit organization for veterans.

On March 22, 2021, Greitens announced that he would be running for the United States Senate in the 2022 U.S. Senate elections. He lost the nomination to Eric S. Schmitt in the August primaries.
Controversy 
On February 22, 2018, Greitens got in big trouble when he was accused of a serious crime that happened while he was having sex with another woman who was not his wife.  He admitted that he was having sex with the woman but disagreed that he had committed a crime.  She said that he secretly took naked pictures of her and then threatened to show them to other people and embarrass her if she told anybody what they had been doing together.  A grand jury agreed there was enough evidence to proceed and he was indicted on felony invasion of privacy charges. On May 29, 2018 Greitens announced that he would resign from office effective 5pm on Friday, June 1, 2018. He and his wife Sheena got divorced in 2020.

Greitens is now a Republican. He used to be a Democrat.

References

1974 births
Living people
Governors of Missouri
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Military people from Missouri
American activists
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Christopher T. "Chris" Sununu (born November 5, 1974) is the 82nd Governor of New Hampshire.  Sununu was a Republican member of the New Hampshire Executive Council from 2011 to 2017.

Sununu was born in Salem, New Hampshire. 

He also serves as chief executive officer of the Waterville Valley Ski Resort in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire. He earned a bachelor's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sununu is a son of former New Hampshire Governor John H. Sununu and brother of former U.S. Senator John E. Sununu.

On July 19, 2023, Sununu announced that he would not run for a fifth term as governor.

References

Other websites
Chris Sununu for Governor
New Hampshire bio of Sununu
ABC News article on Sununu

1974 births
Living people
Governors of New Hampshire
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Douglas James Burgum (born August 1, 1956) is an American entrepreneur, philanthropist and politician. He is the 33rd Governor of North Dakota as a member of the Republican Party. He joined Great Plains Software in 1983 and became the company’s President in 1984 until resigning in 2016 for his gubernatorial run. 

In June 2023, Burgum announced his campaign for President of the United States in the 2024 election.

Early life
Burgum was born and raised in the small town of Arthur, North Dakota. He studied at North Dakota State University and Stanford University. While at Stanford, he became friends with Steve Ballmer, who would later be CEO of Microsoft.
Business career
In 1983, Burgum invested in a small technology startup company, Great Plains Software. He became the company's president in 1984. Burgum sold the company to Microsoft for $1.1 billion in 2001. While working at Microsoft, he managed Microsoft Business Solutions. He was board chairman for Atlassian and SuccessFactors. Burgum is the founder of Kilbourne Group, a real-estate development firm.

Governor of North Dakota
In 2016, Burgum announced his plan to run for Governor of North Dakota as a Republican. He ran against State Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem, who won the party's support at the party convention in April. However, Burgum was able to beat Stenehjem in the primary election two months later to win the nomination. Burgum would go on to win the November general election with over 75% of the vote.

Burgum was sworn in as the 33rd governor of North Dakota on December 15, 2016.
Burgum has set a goal for North Dakota to become carbon-neutral by 2030. In 2018, Burgum created the Vision Zero project. Since then, traffic-related deaths in North Dakota have reached record lows.

Personal life
Burgum married his first wife, Karen Stoker, in 1991. They divorced in 2003. They had three children. In 2016, Burgum married Kathryn Helgaas.

2024 presidential campaign

On June 7, 2023, Burgum announced his presidential candidacy for the 2024 presidential election. His announcement made him the first North Dakotan to run for president. Burgum is reported to have spent more money on advertisements than any other presidential candidate since he began his campaign.

References

Other websites
Office of the Governor official government site
Doug Burgum for Governor official campaign site
1956 births
Living people
American philanthropists
Governors of North Dakota
Businesspeople from North Dakota
Stanford University alumni
Republican Party (United States) politicians
2024 United States presidential candidates
Philip Brian Scott (born August 4, 1958) is an American politician. He is the 82nd and current Governor of Vermont since January 5, 2017. Before being Governor, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017. A Republican, he won the 2016 general election with over 52% of the vote.

References

1958 births
Living people
Governors of Vermont
Businesspeople from Vermont
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Vermont
James Conley Justice II (born April 27, 1951) is an American coal and agriculture businessman and politician from West Virginia. He is the Governor of West Virginia. He is the owner of over 50 companies, including The Greenbrier, a luxury resort. Justice is the only billionaire from the state of West Virginia.

Career 
A Republican, Justice ran for Governor of West Virginia in the 2016 general election as the Democratic nominee. He won the general election and became Governor of West Virginia in 2017.

On August 3, 2017, Justice announced at a Trump rally that he was switching political parties becoming a member of the Republican Party.

In April 2023, Justice announced his candidacy for the United States Senate in the 2024 election, against incumbent Democratic Senator Joe Manchin.

Health
On January 11, 2022, Justice tested positive for COVID-19 and described feeling "extremely unwell". He said that his heart rate and blood pressure were high.

References
References

Other websites
Governor Jim Justice official government site
Justice for WV campaign website
"Jim Justice" article in The West Virginia Encyclopedia

1951 births
Living people
Governors of West Virginia
Businesspeople from West Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Jōdō (杖道:じょうどう?) or  is a Japanese martial art.  

Jōdō uses a short staff called a jō. The jō is a short staff, usually about 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) long. Jōdō is strongly focused upon defense against the Japanese sword. 

The art is similar to bōjutsu. 

Japanese martial arts
Conor Anthony McGregor (born 14 July 1988) is an Irish mixed martial artist and boxer. He started his career in 2008. He is signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He is the former UFC Featherweight Champion and UFC Lightweight Champion. He has fought as a featherweight, lightweight and welterweight. 

At UFC 194, he defeated Jose Aldo to win the UFC featherweight championship. In his welterweight debut at UFC 196, he  was defeated by Nate Diaz in the second round via submission. On 6 October 2018, he won the UFC lightweight championship by defeating Eddie Alvarez and won via KO. In his boxing debut in 2017, he  was  defeated by Floyd Mayweather Jr.. He returned to MMA in 2018 and was defeated by Khabib Nurmagomedov via submission at UFC 229. The event set the record for the biggest MMA pay-per-view event, with 2.4 million buys in the United States. Throughout his career, McGregor has become the subject of many controversies due to his behaviour.
McGregor was born in Dublin. His parents are Timmy and Súsan  McGregor. He started kickboxing in 2008, the same year he started dating his girlfriend Dee Devlin. Their son, Conor Jack McGregor, was born in May 2017.

Reference

Other websites 

 
 UFC profile on UFC
 

1988 births
Living people
Irish boxers
Mixed martial artists
Sportspeople from Dublin
The Nutshack is a Filipino-American animated sitcom created By Jesse Hernandez and Ramon Lopez. The show received critical acclaim from critics for its excellent jokes and comedic timing, outstanding social commentary and high quality animation.

Sitcoms
English-language television programs
Aquarius is the eleventh astrological sign of the Zodiac. The name is from the constellation Aquarius. It is an air sign. It is ruled by Uranus (Modern) and Saturn (Ancient.)

Astrological signs
Roger Joseph Boscovich (18 May 1711 - 13 February 1787) was a Croatian polymath and Jesuit from the city of Dubrovnik in the Republic of Ragusa (modern-day Croatia). He studied and lived in Italy and France, where he published many of his works.

He produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to astronomy. In 1753 he discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon. 

In Vienna in 1758, he published the first edition of his famous work, Philosophiæ naturalis theoria redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium (Theory of natural philosophy derived to the single law of forces which exist in nature). It included his atomic theory and his theory of forces. A second edition was published in 1763 in Venice and a third again in Vienna in 1764. In 1922 it was published in London, and in 1966 in the United States. Another edition was published in Zagreb in 1974.
Life
Boscovich was born in  Dubrovnik as the youngest of seven children. He joined the Jesuit school in Dubrovnik, leaving for Rome in 1725. In Rome he was under the care of 2 Jesuit priests whom introduced him to the Society of Jesus. In 1731, enrolled in college at Sant'Andrea delle Fratte. There, he studied mathematics and physics and in 1740 he was appointed professor of mathematics in the college.

Boscovich studied the transit of Mercury, the Aurora borealis, the figure of the Earth, the observation of the fixed stars, the inequalities in terrestrial gravitation, the application of mathematics to the theory of the telescope, the limits of certainty in astronomical observations, and various problems in solid geometry and spherical trigonometry.

In 1742 he and other scientists were consulted by Pope Benedict XIV, as to the best way of securing the structure of the dome of St. Peter's, Rome, in which a crack had been discovered. His suggested placing five iron bands and it was accepted.
In 1758, Roger Joseph Boscovich described a version of atomic theory. He explained the resistance of hard bodies as due to force rather than "hardness". "The primary elements of matter are in my opinion perfectly indivisible & non-extended points".

As a devoted Jesuit, Boscovich spent his life without ever getting married or having children.

Related pages 
Atomic theory
John Dalton

References
About Boscovich:

Cerqueiro, Daniel. Boscovich, the Time Traveler. Buenos Aires: Small Ed. Venice. 2008. ISBN 978-987-9239-18-6
Croatian scientists
Mathematicians
Les Agettes was a municipality in the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Since 2017, it is part of the municipality of Sion.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities of Valais
Sion, Switzerland
Mase was a municipality of the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011, the former municipalities of Mase, Nax and Vernamiège were combined to make the new municipality of Mont-Noble.

References

Former municipalities of Valais
Nax was a municipality of the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011, the former municipalities of Nax, Mase and Vernamiège merged into the new municipality of Mont-Noble.

Other websites

 Official website of Nax  

Former municipalities of Valais
Saint-Martin is a municipality of the district Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Villages
Saint-Martin, Eison, La Luette, Liez, Praz-Jean, Suen and Trogne.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Hérens
Ventilation is the introduction of fresh air, usually from the outside, into a space, while sending stale air back out. Fans and pumps, vent grates and air flow tunnels are common in these structures.

The simplest systems are called “natural ventilation,” which usually means that they get their airflow through vents opening to the outside. Mechanical systems are more popular for industry. Mechanical systems are able to regulate other things, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen levels.

Uses
Fresh air prevents issues like mold and bacteria growth, as well as the spread of disease. It helps eliminate dust, which can lead to cleaner living standards. Single rooms can sometimes be ventilated by opening a window or door, but this isn’t as successful for larger structures.

Ventilation usually collaborates with heating and cooling systems, but not always and they aren’t only limited to buildings. Vehicles frequently have ventilation systems that control air circulation and air quality.
History
In ancient Persia, structures called windcatchers were built to create natural ventilation. These structures are a traditional method in Persia. They became very popular and are still in use across the Middle East.

References 

Buildings and structures
Background 
Slavery began in the English colony of Jamestown in 1619. It started with the purchase of 20 Africans—not as reported by John Rolfe from a Dutch ship—but rather from an English warship named the White Lyon. The Colonists in the Virginia Colony bought the contracts of the Africans as indentured servants. Not long after this it became a custom to hold slaves for life in the colonies. During the 17th and 18th centuries, slaves were used to raise crops of tobacco and food crops. After the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became the most important crop. At this point slavery became a critical part of the South's economy. With westward expansion, the question of slavery in the new territories became a subject of great debate. It polarized the nation between the interests of the Northern industrial economy and the South's agricultural economy.
This led to the American Civil War. Millions of slaves were brought to America between the 17th and 19th centuries. Slavery was one of the main issues that led to the outbreak of the Civil War.

Union forces

Union Navy
Union Navy 

The United States Navy, during the Civil War termed the Union Navy, had separate traditions regarding African Americans. The Militia Acts of 1792 excluded black men from serving in the United States Army. This policy remained in place until the second year of the Civil War. The Navy, however, never had such a policy. In the 1840s they limited the number of blacks serving to 5 percent of the enlisted force. But before and after, black and white men served together often performing the same duties. Up to the start of the Civil War, several hundred black men were serving in the Navy. After Fort Sumter was captured by Confederates, a large number of men enlisted in the Navy. The percentage of black men in the Navy rapidly increased. In 1861, they made up about 6 percent of the force. By the summer of 1862 they made up about 15% of the enlisted men.
Many of the African Americans who joined the Navy were from the East Coast of the United States. Many were experienced sailors. Others had worked on the docks and in other related jobs in the shipping industry. The largest number came from Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay area. Also, a large number were transferred from the Army to the Navy in 1864.

African Americans fought in every major campaign and naval battle of the Civil War. They served in the blockading squadrons on the South and Gulf Coasts and in the brown-water navy in the tributaries in the South. African American women served also, most as nurses aboard the USS Red Rover (1859), a hospital ship on the Mississippi River. African Americans served in the Navy with great distinction and eight were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest honor.
Union Army 
 Unfortunately, this was exactly what President Abraham Lincoln did not want at the time. He was afraid that if he armed African Americans, especially escaped or former slaves, the border states would secede. This would only make the situation worse for the Union than it already was. But after two years of war, Lincoln began to reconsider the idea. The war was not going well for the North and they badly needed soldiers.
Pay and treatment 
Black soldiers did not receive equal pay to the white soldiers. They also did not receive the same treatment. Their pay was $10 a month, less $3 for uniforms. White soldiers received $13 a month and had no deductions for uniforms. This was changed in June 1864 when Congress voted to grant black soldiers equal pay and made the change retroactive. While black soldiers were allowed to fight for their country, they were not treated as equals to white soldiers. Their units were racially segregated and were commanded by white officers. Some of their officers had very low opinions of black soldiers and did not train them well.
Confederate forces 
African Americans did serve with the Confederacy. Some went with their masters or were used as labor behind the front lines. They also worked as teamsters and cooks. But for most of the war black men were not allowed to serve as soldiers.

There are, however, nine known photographs of African American men dressed in Confederate uniforms. But the photos do not come with explanations. Of the men in the photos, four are known by name and were slaves who went with their masters to the front lines.
Near the end of the war the idea of using black soldiers was debated. In 1864, General Patrick Cleburne suggested enlisting black slaves into the army. The idea was considered, but it raised the question by at least one Southern politician: "What did we go to war for, if not to protect our property?" Another said: "If slaves will make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong." General Robert E. Lee knew he needed soldiers. He stated: "We must decide whether slavery shall be extinguished by our enemies and the slaves be used against us, or use them ourselves." Lee suggested the slaves be freed in exchange for their service as soldiers. But that condition was not in the bill that was approved by the Confederate Congress on March 13, 1865. Only a few thousand blacks enlisted before the war ended. By that time over 200,000 African Americans had served with the Union army.

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites 
 The Civil War in Four Minutes: Black Soldiers; YouTube
 Voices of the Civil War Episode 24:"African Americans in the Confederate Army"; YouTube

civil war
American Civil War
There are 4 arrondissements in the Ardennes department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The 4 arrondissements of the Ardennes department are:

History
Since its creation, the Ardennes department has had some changes:
 1790 : creation of the Ardennes department with six districts: Charleville, Grandpré, Rethel, Rocroi, Sedan and Vouziers.
 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Mézières, Rethel, Rocroi, Sedan and Vouziers.
 1926 : the arrondissements of Rocroi and Sedan were eliminated.
 1942 : Sedan is again an arrondissement of the department.

References

Ardennes
Gwendolyn L. "Gwen" Ifill (; September 29, 1955 – November 14, 2016) was an American journalist, television newscaster, and author. She was the moderator and managing editor of Washington Week and co-anchor and co-managing editor, with Judy Woodruff, of PBS NewsHour, both of which air on PBS. 

Ifill was a political analyst and moderated the 2004 and 2008 American vice-presidential debates. In 2016, she moderate the New Hampshire Democratic Primary debate between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton.

She was the author of the best-selling book The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama.

Ifill died of endometrial cancer while under hospice care in Washington, D.C. on November 14, 2016, at age 61.

References

Other websites

 Gwen Ifill at PBS NewsHour
 Gwen Ifill  at Washington Week

1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
Deaths from endometrial cancer
American television news anchors
American journalists
Writers from New York City