Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Isaac

An area of low pressure in mid-Atlantic generated active thunderstorms for several days and eventually organized into Tropical Depression Nine on 27 September and a tropical storm by 28 September. By that time it was about  east-southeast of Bermuda. It became a hurricane on 30 September, and passed about  east of Bermuda before swinging northwards towards Newfoundland. As it was still a strong tropical storm near the Avalon Peninsula, tropical storm warnings were issued on 2 October due to the potential for high winds. Isaac passed  to the southeast of Cape Race late that afternoon. The Canadian Hurricane Centre reports that if Isaac had tracked just 50 to 100 km (30 to 60 miles) further north than it did, the St. John's area would have experienced much higher winds than the peak gust of  it received.
At its closest approach to the Avalon Peninsula, Isaac was still tropical, and had maximum sustained winds of  and a minimum central pressure of 993 mbar. Strongest winds on land in Newfoundland were reported at Cape Race, where a maximum gust to  with a sustained wind of  was recorded. At Cape Pine, a peak wind was reported at . However, due to Isaac's small size and fast forward speed, winds were lighter over most of the Avalon Peninsula.

Rainfall from Isaac was not reported to be higher than  in most areas due to Isaac's speed and decreasing amount of moisture. The highest measured amount was  at Cape Race, while Cape Pine reported  and St. John's reported less than .

strength.

2006 storm names
These names will be used for storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2006. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2012 season. The list is the same as the 2000 season's list except for Kirk, which replaced Keith.
While it had been previously reported that a new backup list would be chosen (after it was first used in 2005), the National Hurricane Center reported in its first tropical weather outlook for the season that it would again use names from the Greek alphabet should the main list run out.  It would again start with Alpha.

Retirement
No names were retired, and this was announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2007. The names will be used again for 2012 Atlantic hurricane season.

Related pages
List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

Other websites 

 National Hurricane Center (NHC)
 NHC's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook - updated four times daily
 NHC's 2006 Advisory Archive
 HPC's Rainfall Page  for tropical cyclones which affected the United States in 2006
 Unisys' 2006 Season Page – includes map of paths of all storms
 Flash Hurricane Tracker  - track active and archived hurricanes.
  NRL hurricane page  - Naval Research Laboratory page with extensive archives on individual storms
Crash Bandicoot is a video game character from the video game series with the same name, where he is the hero. He is a bandicoot who acts like a human, wearing blue jeans and trainers.

Other websites 
 Crash on Naughty Dog.com
 Official site of the Vivendi Universal
 European site of the Vivendi Universal

Video game protagonists
Crash Bandicoot games
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in 1996
Elblag ( ) is a city in northern Poland on the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 124,257 inhabitants (December 31, 2011). Elbląg is one of the oldest cities in the province and in Poland.

Geometry
Elbląg is located about 55 kilometres (34 miles) south-east of Gdańsk and 90 km (56 mi) south-west of Kaliningrad, Russia. The city is a port on the river Elbląg, which flows into the Vistula Lagoon about 10 km (6 mi) to the north, thus giving the city access to the Baltic Sea via the Russian-controlled Strait of Baltiysk. The Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto) is located on the river Elbląg connecting Lake Drużno to the Vistula Lagoon, about 10 km (6 mi) from the lagoon and 60 km (37 mi) from Gdańsk.

Famous people who live there
 Hans von Bodeck (1582–1658), diplomat and Chancellor of Brandenburg
 John Amos Comenius (1592–1670), educator
 Ursula Karusseit (1939– ), actress

Cities in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
The 500 Series Shinkansen is a high-speed train in Japan.  They run on the Shinkansen lines. They were retired from the primary Nozomi service in 2010.  They now run the all-stations Kodama service between Shin-Osaka and Hakata.

All 500 Series have 16 cars. Each train cost about 5 billion yen. Only nine were built.

References

High-speed trains
Shinkansen
Balaton is the largest lake in Hungary and in Central Europe. Every year many tourists come to Balaton from Germany. There are many places to be visited. Balaton is a shallow lake, because its average depth is 3.2 meters and its maximum depth is 12.2 meters. The northern part of Balaton is deeper than the southern part.

The so-called capital of the Lake Balaton is Siófok. During the summer the streets are full of life, and at night there are several discos.

Images

References

Lakes of Hungary
Ceres, also known as 1 Ceres (symbol: ), is the smallest dwarf planet in the Solar System and the only one in the main asteroid belt.

It was discovered on 1 January 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi, and is named after the Roman goddess Ceres, as the goddess of growing plants, the harvest, and of motherly love. After about 200 years from its discovery, the International Astronomical Union decided to upgrade Ceres from an asteroid (or minor planet) to dwarf planetary status in 2006.
With a diameter of about 950 km, Ceres is by far the largest and most massive object in the asteroid belt, and has about a third of the belt's total mass. It was once thought to be smaller than Vesta, which is brighter.  The asteroid is spherical, unlike the irregular shapes of smaller bodies with lower gravity. At its brightest it is still too dim to be seen with the naked eye. Ceres is located at 2.8 AU (257 million miles) from the Sun, which makes it the closest dwarf planet to the Sun. It is also the only dwarf planet in the Solar System than has no moons.

On September 27, 2007, NASA launched the Dawn space probe to explore Ceres and Vesta. In 2015, Dawn became the first spacecraft to visit a dwarf planet, arriving at Ceres a few months before NASA's New Horizons spacecraft visited Pluto, another dwarf planet.

Ceres has an unusual crater, Occator which contains bright salts.

Images

Related pages 
 Ceres
 List of planets

References 

Ceres
An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a place where fish and other animals that live in water are kept by humans. An aquarium can be a small tank, or a large building with one or more large tanks.

Keeping an aquarium is a popular hobby around the world. Careful aquarists (people who keeps aquariums) make sure their fish live in an environment similar to their natural habitats. This means caring about water quality, lighting, and food.

Large public aquariums are often popular with tourists. They show the fish and other animals they keep in large tanks, and also often protect species that are close to extinction. An example of a public aquarium is Sydney Aquarium, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

History 
The artificial fish habitat  have existed since ancient times. Sumerians kept fishes in ponds before cooking them.
Sir Earle Christmas Grafton Page (8 August 1880 – 20 December 1961) was the eleventh Prime Minister of Australia. He became Prime Minister when Joseph Lyons died in office. He remained until a new leader, Robert Menzies, was elected by the United Australia Party.

Page, Earle
Politicians from New South Wales
1880 births
1961 deaths
Monarchists
National Party of Australia politicians
Treasurers of Australia
Ronin (浪人) is the word used to describe a kind of samurai without a master. Hundreds of years ago in Japan, it was very important for every samurai to have a master.

It also refers to somebody who has failed their university entrance exams and is studying for the next year's exams.

Samurai
İsmet Özel (born 19 September 1944, in Kayseri) is a Turkish poet. He was born in Kayseri, Turkey.

He started his university degree at Political Science Faculty of Ankara University. He graduated from the French language department at Hacettepe University.

In 1970, he published a literature magazine Halkın Dostları with Ataol Behremoğlu, a Turkish poet and Russian linguist. In fact, Ataol Behramoğlu purified his poetry by leaving out crude propaganda and naive didacticism.

1944 births
Living people
Turkish poets
Acarology is the study of mites and ticks. A person who studies acarology is an acarologist.

Branches of zoology
John Fredrik Reinfeldt (born August 4, 1965) was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 2006 to 2014. He was also the leader of the Moderate Party. The Moderate Party is the largest of the four political parties in the Swedish government, but the second largest in the parliament following the Swedish Social Democratic Party and their leader Stefan Löfven.

Reinfeldt lost his re-election to Stefan Löfven as Prime Minister. Reinfeldt also announced that he was resigning his position as leader of the Moderate Party.

1965 births
Living people
European Union politicians
Prime Ministers of Sweden
The coat of arms of Russia (Russian: Герб России/Transkription Gerb rossi) has been used since the year 1993 as the coat of arms of Russia. Since the year 2000 it was defined by court decision as the coat of arms of Russia. It is based on the coat of arms used before the Soviet Union. It has been changed many times, but can be traced back for centuries.

Objects

Double Eagle
The double eagle was added by Ivan IIII after his marriage with the Byzantine princess Sophia Paleologue. She was the niece of Constantine XI, the last Byzantine Emperor. The double-headed eagle was the symbol of the Byzantine Empire. The orb and scepter held by the eagle are heraldic symbols of sovereign power and autocracy.
Other part
The horse's rider is Saint George fighting a dragon. The three crowns were added in 1625.  Through time, their meaning has changed. They have been seen as the conquered kingdoms of Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberia, or as the coming together of 'All the Russias' - Grand Russia (Russia), Little Russia (today's Ukraine) and White Russia (Belarus). In the modern time, they became the symbol for the three parts of government: Executive, legislative and Judiciary.
Russia
National symbols of Russia
Brother Bear is a 2003 traditionally-animated musical fantasy comedy-drama movie produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures on November 21, 2003. It is about a human named Kenai who turns into a bear and discovers brotherhood. The 43rd animated feature in the Disney animated features canon, it was originally titled Bears, and was the third and final Disney animated movie produced mainly by the Feature Animation studio at Disney-MGM Studios in Orlando, Florida, that studio was shut down in March 2004, not long after the release of this movie in favor of computer animated features. The movie received an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Feature, but lost to Finding Nemo. A sequel, Brother Bear 2, was released on August 29, 2006.
Story
In post-Ice Age North America, the local Native Americans believe in the Great Spirits, who create life and are said to appear in the form of an aurora. Three brothers, Kenai (Joaquin Phoenix), the youngest, Denahi (Jason Raize), the middle, and Sitka (D.B. Sweeney), the elder, return to the tribe to receive totems, necklaces that take the shape of animals, with each animal being representative of something the brothers must achieve to prove themselves as men. Unlike Sitka, who receives the eagle of guidance, and Denahi, the wolf of wisdom, Kenai receives the bear of love, to which he objects, believing them to be thieves; he makes his point a fact when a grizzly bear steals their basket of fish. Kenai and his brothers pursue the bear; when the fight culminates on top of a glacier, Sitka sacrifices himself to save his brothers, by dislodging the glacier, but the bear survives. Following Sitka's funeral,
Kenai falls down some rapids and is healed by Tanana (Joan Copeland), the tribal shaman; while she does not speak the bears' language, but advises him to travel to the mountain where Sitka's spirit will turn him back into a human, but only if he atones for his crime; vanishing without explanation. Kenai discovers he can now communicate with animals, meeting two moose called Rutt (Rick Moranis) and Tuke (Dave Thomas). He ends up getting caught in a hunter's trap, but is freed by Koda (Jeremy Suarez), a sassy bear cub. The two strike a deal; in exchange for leading Koda to an annual salmon run, he will take Kenai to the mountain. The two form a brother-like relationship, and Koda reveals his mother is missing. The two are pursued by Denahi, who is out to avenge Kenai; unbeknownst to him, his brother is the bear he is hunting. Upon reaching the salmon run, where several bears congregate, including the leader Tug (Michael Clarke Duncan
. Kenai accepts his new surroundings and is comfortable living amongst the bears. During a discussion, Koda tells a story about his mother getting involved in a fight with human hunters; this reminds Kenai of his brothers' fight with the bear, and he realizes, to his horror, that he killed Koda's mother.
Reception
The reaction from movie reviewers was mixed to negative with many panning the movie as coping older Disney movies like The Lion King and the 20th Century Fox movie Ice Age (although Brother Bear began production before Ice Age did), while others defended the movie as a different and resonable variation of the theme. The popular American movie critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper have given positive reviews of the movie. however so far, Brother Bear holds a rating of 38% in Rotten Tomatoes, which says that "Brother Bear is gentle and pleasant if unremarkable Disney fare, with so-so animation and generic plotting".
Voice cast
 Joaquin Phoenix as Kenai, the youngest of three brothers who gets turned into a bear, to teach him to see through their eyes
 Jeremy Suarez as Koda, a wisecracking grizzly bear cub, who helps Kenai on his journey to where the Lights Touch the Earth
 Rick Moranis as Rutt, a comic Canadian moose
 Dave Thomas as Tuke, another comic Canadian moose
 Jason Raize as Denahi, the middle brother
 D.B. Sweeney as Sitka, the oldest brother
 Joan Copeland as Tanana, the shaman-woman of Kenai's tribe
 Michael Clarke Duncan as Tug, a wise old cave bear
 Estelle Harris as Mabel, old lady bear
 Darko Cesar as foreign bear
 Frank Welker as Animals' vocal effects (uncredited)
Additional Voices Charlie Adler, Lori Alan, Carlos Alazraqui, Pamela Adlon, Matt Adler, Steve Alterman, Stephen Apostolina, Jack Blessing, Jack Angel, Dee Bradley Baker, Michael Bell, Bob Bergen, Gregg Berger, Lara Cody, Rodger Bumpass,Catherine Cavadini, Julianne Buescher, Nancy Cartwright, Paul Briggs, Kimberly Brooks, Doc Kane, Corey Burton, Stephen J. Anderson, Cam Clarke, Robert Cotworthy, Michael Corbett, David Cowgill, Randy Crenshew, Jim Cummings, E.G. Daily, John Cygan, Jennifer Darling, Debi Derryberry, Jonathan Dokuchitz, Dan Gilvezan, Patti Deutsch, Paul Eiding, Bill Farmer, Byron Howard, John DeMita, Chad Einbinder, Patrick Fraley, Sandy Fox, Jeff Fischer, Eddie Frierson, Earl Ghaffari, Michael Gough, Don Fullilove, Lex Lang, Hope Levy, Neil Kaplan, Tom Kane, David Kaye, Carole Jeghers, Rosanna Huffman, Daamen J
. Krall, Marsha Kramer, Tim Mertens, David McCharen, Barbara Goodson, Mona Marshall, Anne Lockhart, David Michie, Lara Jill Miller, Michael Lindsay, Sherry Lynn, Mickie McGowan, Jim Meskimen, Rob Paulsen, Bobbi Page, Paul Pape, Patrick Pinney, Phil Proctor, Peter Renaday, Tony Oliver, Michelle Ruff, Don Hall, Susie Stevens-Logan, Brian Pimental, Andre Sogliuzzo, Justin Shenkarow, Terrence Stone, Skip Stellrecht, Steve Susskind, Paula Tiso, Marcelo Tubert, Kari Wahlgren, Russi Taylor, Wally Wingert, Frank Welker, Brian Tochi, David Zyler, Jim Ward, Billy West, Ezra Weisz, & Dave Wittenberg.
Crew

Songs

Score by Mark Mancina/Phil Collins

Deleted songs
 "The Fishing Song" - This was intended for the salmon run sequence, but was replaced by "Welcome".
 "This Can't Be My Destiny" This was song by Phil Collins. But unfortunately it never made it to the movie. The song was however mention in the special feature by Phil Collins. This song was never released.

Sequel

Brother Bear 2 was released August 29, 2006.

References

Other websites

 Official site
 
 Brother Bear at the Big Cartoon DataBase(BCDb)
 

2003 movies
2003 animated movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Movies about bears
Movies about brothers
Movies set in prehistory
Logical volume management is a method of allocating computer storage. It is about allocating space on mass storage devices, like hard drives. It is more flexible than the partitioning of the drive into static (unchangeable) volumes. With a logical volume manager it is possible to grow partitions, even beyond the size of one physical disk. It is also possible to use striping or to put partitions together and combine them while they are being used. 

Logical volume management is a form of virtualisation. It makes it easier to adapt to the changing storage needs of computer users.

Design  

Volume managers differ but some basic concepts exist across most versions.  The volume manager starts with physical volumes or PVs, which can be hard disk partitions, RAID devices or SAN LUNs.  PVs are split into small chunks of even size (a default of 4 MB on HP-UX) called physical extents or PEs.  The PEs are then pooled into a volume group or VG.
The pooled PEs can then be concatenated together into virtual disk partitions called logical volumes or LVs.  These LVs behave just like hard disk partitions: mountable file systems can be created on them, or they can be used as raw block devices for swap.

The LVs can be grown by concatenating more PEs from the pool.  Some volume managers allow LV shrinking; some allow online resizing in either direction.  Changing the size of the LV does not necessarily change the size of a filesystem on it; it merely changes the size of its containing space. A file system that can be resized online is recommended because it allows the system to adjust its storage on-the-fly without interrupting applications.
PVs may also be organized into physical volume groups or PVGs. This allows LVs to be mirrored by pairing together its PEs with redundant ones on a different PVG, so that the failure of one PVG will still leave at least one complete copy of the LV online. In practice, PVGs are usually chosen so that their PVs are on different sets of disks and/or data buses for maximum redundancy.

Some volume managers also implement snapshotting by applying copy-on-write (COW) to each PE.  In this scheme, the volume manager will copy a PE to a COW table just before it is written to.  This preserves an old version of the LE—the snapshot—which can later be reconstructed by overlaying the copy-on-write table on the current LE.  Snapshots which are read-write are branching snapshots because they implicitly allow diverging versions of an LE.
Snapshots can be useful for backing up self-consistent versions of volatile data like table files from a busy database, or for rolling back large changes in one swoop, such as an operating system upgrade.  Some Linux-based LiveCD systems also use snapshots to simulate read-write access on a read-only compact disc.

Disadvantages 

The levels of indirection that volume managers introduce can complicate disaster recovery, especially when the base operating system and other essential tools are themselves on an LE.
Implementations 
Many operating systems ship with LVMs:
 AIX - Logical Volume Manager
 FreeBSD - Vinum
 HP-UX -  HP Logical Volume Manager, since HP-UX Release 9.0 in July 1992.
 Linux - Logical Volume Manager (LVM) and Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS). Both are front-ends to the Linux device mapper.
 Microsoft Windows - Logical Disk Manager (LDM), Windows 2000 or later NT based OSes.
 OS/2 - (LVM), from version 4.5, including eComStation.
 Solaris - Solaris Volume Manager (SVM) included in Solaris 9 and Solstice DiskSuite (SDS) up to Solaris 8.
 Veritas Volume Manager (VxVM), available on a variety of (unix like) OSes. Now included in Symantec's Storage Foundation Suite

References 

 Laurent Vanel, Ronald van der Knaap, Dugald Foreman (2000). AIX Logical Volume Manager from A to Z: Introduction and Concepts.  IBM Redbooks.
 Logical Volume Manager HOWTO

Computer science
Metallica (also known informally as The Black Album) is the fifth studio album by thrash metal band Metallica. It was released in 1991 by Elektra Records. It debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200, making Metallica the band's first album to do so. Currently, Metallica has sold over 15 million copies in the United States alone. It is the band's most successful album.

The album was hard for the band to make. Ulrich, Hammett and Newsted got divorces with their wives because of the stress.

Six singles were released from the album: "Enter Sandman", "The Unforgiven", "Nothing Else Matters", "Wherever I May Roam", "Sad but True", and "Don't Tread on Me". "Enter Sandman" was the best-selling. It won Best Metal Video at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.

The album won a Grammy for Best Metal Performance in 1992.

In 2012 Metallica played the whole album in their 2012 European Black Album Tour from the end to the start.
Track listing 
 "Enter Sandman" - 5:29
 "Sad But True" - 5:24
 "Holier Than Thou" - 3:47
 "The Unforgiven" - 6:26
 "Wherever I May Roam" - 6:42
 "Don't Tread On Me" - 3:59
 "Through the Never" - 4:01
 "Nothing Else Matters" - 6:29
 "Of Wolf And Man" - 4:16
 "The God That Failed" - 5:05
 "My Friend of Misery" - 6:47
 "The Struggle Within" - 3:51

References 

Metallica albums
1991 albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a species of fish. It is farmed in some places. Like species of trout, the rainbow trout is related to salmon. The rainbow trout is one of many different kinds of trout. It is called a rainbow trout because its scales are colorful and shiny.

Other websites

Map showing endangered species status of West Coast steelhead 

Salmoniformes
Edible fish
The fat-tailed gerbil (Pachyuromys duprasi) is a species of gerbil. Its tail becomes fatter when it eats something. Then it uses it when food becomes scarce. They can live 5 to 7 years in captivity. It is from Africa.

They can survive a long time without drinking because they are adapted to a dry climate. 

They bury themselves under the sand until night so that there are not as many predators that will attack them.

Rodents
Goku is the protagonist of the manga and anime Dragon Ball created by Akira Toriyama. He is a Saiyan who likes having a great challenge towards enemies.

Appearances 
Goku is the main protagonist of the dragon Ball franchise. He starts off as young boy and meets a teenage girl named Bulma.

Dragon Ball characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1984
Dragon Ball (ドラゴンボール, Doragon Bōru) is a Japanese media franchise by Akira Toriyama. The manga series was originally published in Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine from 1984 to 1995, and the 519 chapters put into 42 volumes. The series follows the main character Son Goku, an alien originally thought to be a human, as he trains in martial arts and explores the world in search of the mysterious Dragon Balls. When the seven Dragon Balls are gathered, one wish will be granted by Shenlong the Dragon. Goku is accompanied by Bulma and trained by Master Roshi while he fights a wide variety of villains. Dragon Ball is separated into two anime series, Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z, having two sequels, Dragon Ball GT and Dragon Ball Super. Spin-offs include a trading card game, several movies, and multiple video games, making the most popular anime franchise worldwide. And of course the legendary manga in which recent chapters the deuteragonist Vegeta has surpassed Goku in terms of power with his new form, Ultra Ego.
Plot 
The series begins with Goku and Bulma finding all seven Dragon Balls, which can summon the dragon Shenlong to grant the user a wish. Their journey takes them to many people like Yamcha, Chi-Chi (Goku mistakenly agrees to marry), and Pilaf, an evil man who seeks the Dragon Balls to grant his desire to rule the world. Goku then must go through intense training by Master Roshi to fight in the Tenkaichi Budōkai, a fighting tournament. A monk named Krillin becomes Goku's best friend and training partner. After the tournament, Goku looks for the Dragon Ball his adoptive grandfather left him and almost single-handedly takes down the Red Ribbon Army and their assassin Taopaipai. Goku reunites with his friends to defeat fortuneteller Baba's fighters to locate the last Dragon Ball to revive a friend killed by Taopaipai.
Three years later, Goku and his friends oppose Master Roshi's rival Tsuru-Sen'nin, and his students Tenshinhan and Chaozu at Tenkaichi Budōkai. Krillin is killed after the tournament and Goku tracks down and is defeated by his killer, Piccolo Daimao. The samurai Yajirobe takes Goku to Karin, where he heals and gets a power boost. After the deaths of Master Roshi, Chaozu, and even Shenlong, Goku then kills Piccolo Daimao (who is young again), who, just before dying, spawns his son/reincarnation Piccolo Jr. Karin takes Goku to Kami, the original creator of the Dragon Balls, to bring back Shenlong and revive his friends. Goku trains with Kami for three years, reuniting with his friends at the next Tenkaichi Budōkai where he narrowly wins against Piccolo and leaves with Chi-Chi, marrying her.
A group of Androids created by Dr. Gero, a former Red Ribbon Army member, appear three years later looking for revenge against Goku. During this time, an evil artificial life form called Cell emerges and, after absorbing two of the Androids to transform into his perfect form, holds his own fighting tournament to challenge Goku and his friends. Gohan defeats Cell, when Goku dies again. Seven years later, Goku, revived for a day, and his friends must defeat Majin Boo. After a lot of battles, and after the re-creation of Earth, Goku destroys Boo with a Genki-Dama attack and wishes for him to be reincarnated as a good person. Ten years later, Goku meets and trains Boo's human reincarnation Oob, to have him becoming the world's protector.

Characters
Primary
 Goku: The main hero. He is a Saiyan with large, black, pointy hair. His deadly attack is the Kamehameha. His wife is Chi-Chi, and his two sons are Gohan and Goten.
 Bulma: Goku's lifelong friend, Vegeta's wife, and the mother of Trunks and Bulla.
 Gohan: He is the oldest son of Goku and Chi-Chi, and father of Pan.
 Goten: The youngest son of Goku and Chi-Chi. He is the youngest Super Saiyan in history.
 Trunks: The son of Vegeta and Bulma. Both his future (Future Trunks), and present day(Kid Trunks) characters play key roles.
 Chi-Chi: Goku's wife, and the mother of Gohan and Goten.
 Krillin (called "Kuririn" in the Japanese version): One of Goku's friends. He later marries Android 18 and has a daughter.
 Vegeta: Vegeta is the rival of Goku. He also became a Super Saiyan and is the husband of Bulma, and father to Trunks and Bra.
Piccolo: King Piccolo's last son; he is also one of Gohan's favorite teachers; Piccolo used to be evil. His deadly attack is Makannkousappou.His body is green.He can reproduct his body if his head is not damaged.
 Bardock:is a Saiyan mercenary who married Gine and has two sons Goku and Raditz.
Secondary
 Chi-Chi: Goku's wife, and the mother of Gohan and Goten.
 Bra (also known as "Bulla"): The daughter of Vegeta and Bulma, and sister of Trunks
 Videl: Gohan's girlfriend (later wife) and Pan's mother.
 Uub: (also known as Oob) Uub is the reincarnation of Kid Buu.
 Majin Buu (also known as Majin Boo)
 Hercule (also known as Mr. Satan)
 Tenshinhan
 Chaozu
 Yamcha
 Yajirobe
 Chauzu
 Korin
 Dende
 Mr. Popo
 Master Roshi (Goku's Master)
 Marron: Daughter of Krillin and Android 18
 Androids (mainly 17, 18,8 and 16)
 Kami: The guardian of Earth before Dende
 Bardock: Goku's late father

Other Dragon Ball characters
 Janemba

Frieza's force
Frieza is the first major villain in Dragon Ball Z. He is often seen with a group of other fighters who help him.
 King Cold
 Cui
 Dodoria
 Zarbon
 Captain Ginyu: leader of the Ginyu Force, a group of mercenaries for Frieza.
 Nappa: A Saiyan and Vegeta's old partner)
 Raditz: Goku's Saiyan brother who is killed by Piccolo.
 Saibamen
 Sorbet
Androids
Androids are a group of human-machine hybrids created by Dr. Gero, appearing in the Androids and Cell sagas. A few are:
 Android 16
 Android 17
 Android 18
 Android 19
 Android 20 (Dr. Gero)
 Cell, the second major villain in Dragon Ball Z.

Saiyans 
Saiyans are a race of endangered aliens. They are naturally aggressive warriors who have great powers and technology. Most Saiyans travel from planet to planet destroying the people who live there so that they can sell the planet and worked for Frieza. Most Saiyans can be easily noticed by their tail but some have lost their tails. Saiyans without tails include Goku, Vegeta, Gohan, Trunks, Goten and Broly. The Saiyans lived on the planet Vegeta which was later destroyed by Frieza.
Super Saiyans
Super Saiyans
Are very powerful warriors who can power up by anger. Some Saiyans can become Super Saiyans, including half-Saiyan hybrids like Gohan and Goten. A Super Saiyan is a transformation a Saiyan can go through and makes them stronger and changes their hair to blonde. Only a few Saiyans have the potential to become Super Saiyans. The legend goes, once every 1,000 years a Super Saiyan emerges. Saiyans play a very important role once it is revealed that Goku is one.

Only a few Saiyan characters have been able to become Super Saiyans:
 The Original Super Saiyan
 Son Goku
 Son Gohan
 Son Goten
 Vegeta
 Trunks
 Bardock
 Cabba
 Kale
Caulifla
 Broly

Cell also achieves the power of Super Saiyan. Kale and Caulifla are two female Saiyans. They can also transform into Super Saiyans.
Fusion warriors
Fusion warriors are warriors made out of two fighters by the means of fusion. There are three ways of fusion:the first being the Namekian fusion, which a namekian fuses with another Namekian, giving the former a power boost. There are three users of this technique
 Piccolo
 Saonel
 Pillina
The second fusion technique is the potara fusion which two warriors wear potara earrings and merge into one entity or fighter or being stronger then the two combined, is like it creates a new warrior. The earrings comes from the deities called the Kais and when a deity fuses with another deity the fusion stays permanent. The users of this are:
 Goku
 Vegeta
 Kibito
 Supreme Kai
 Goku Black/Zamasu
 Caulifla
 Kale
 Xeno Goku
 Xeno vegeta
The potara fusion warriors are:
 Vegito
 KibitoKai
 Merged Zamasu/Zamasu
 Kefla
 Xeno Vegito
Kefla
 Xeno Vegito
The third and final technique is the metamorian fusion or fusion dance,it is similar to the potara fusion but it requires a special dance in which you and another warrior must dance the steps in perfect harmony or it you'll fuse into an incomplete and weaker form like veku. This fusion technique also creates a new warrior like the potara and the fusion warrior will be stronger then the two warriors combined. The users of this technique are:
 Goku
 Vegeta
 Goten
 Kid Trunks
The metamorian fusion warriors are:
 Gogeta
 Gotenks
Namekians
Namekians,are green slug like beings from planet Namek who possess many abilities like regeneration or creation. Most Namekiams have the ability to create dragon balls but unlike their namekian ancestor Solomon who created the Super dragon balls.There many types of nameks like:
Namekian warriors
They are warriors from planet Namek,some use their power to protect while others use it for their evil desires. The Namekian warriors are:
 Piccolo
 King Piccolo
 Lord Slug
 Nail
 Saonel
 Pillina
Namekian Guardians
There are Namekians who look over their planet. Guru is the only one in the series who uses the same ability to release one's true strength like Elder Kai/Old Kai. The Namekian Guardians/Elders are:
 Kami(Previous Guardian of Earth)
 Guru(Previous Guardian of Namek)
 Muuri
 Dende(Current Guardian of Earth)
Other media
The series has been adapted into two anime. Dragon Ball is based the first 194 chapters of the manga, while Dragon Ball Z is based on the last 325 chapters and last 26 volumes of the Dragon Ball manga. It basically begins where ''Dragon Ball'' left off. Dragon Ball GT aired from 1996 to 1997. Dragon Ball Super, the newest series for the franchise aired from 2015 to 2018.''DRAGON Ball first Arc'' Dragon Ball: Saiyan race

Dragon Ball
Anime
Mass media franchises introduced in 1984
Flowers for Algernon is a book written by Daniel Keyes in 1960.

The main character of the book is Charlie Gordon, an unintelligent but lovable person. Charlie is used in part of a new experiment to triple his IQ.  He becomes intelligent, and learns to read and enjoy the world around him better.  But later, people stop liking him as much because he makes them feel bad.  He learns that it is more important to be a good person than a smart person. He frequents a class for feeble minded folks taught by a teacher named Miss Kinnian. While Charlie's IQ grows so does his love for her. He finds himself in a state of depression, unhappy and unsatisfied with his new artificial IQ.

The title of the book comes from a mouse in the story named Algernon who also has the experiment done on him.

Flowers for Algernon is on many schools' lists of books that students must read.

References 

1960 books
Science fiction books
Soapstone or steatite is a metamorphic rock.  It has a large amount of the mineral talc.

Steatite is softer than most stones.  Because steatite feels like soap, people call it "soapstone".  People have been making things out of soapstone for thousands of years.

Soapstone has been a major component of ceramics used as electrical component insulators for many years. It is easily formed or carved into shapes.

During the Harappan/Indus civilization (2500 BC1750 BC) soapstone was used in the manufacture of seals. These people used to import steatite from Shaher-i-sokhta and the Kirthar hills.

Metamorphic rocks
The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between Portugal and Spain in 1494. The countries decided to divide up all the land in the Americas between Portugal and Spain. However, Natives had no say in this treaty. The Spanish Pope Alexander VI was the Pope at the time of the treaty. The Pope drew an imaginary line on a map. This line was 2,193 kilometers to the west of the Cape Verde Islands. He gave Portugal the land to the east of this line and gave Spain the land to the west of this line. The purpose of the treaty was to resolve conflict.    

King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile of Spain signed this treaty in Tordesillas, Spain. This is where the treaty got its name. Spain governed the territories West of the line and Portugal governed the territories east of the line. The two countries mostly followed the treaty.
Great Britain (1600) and the Netherlands (1602) soon joined the Portuguese and Spanish in exploring the world at the beginning of the 17th century. With these new countries, the Treaty was broken and more or less 'canceled'. By this time, Portugal's limited resources made it weaker. Portugal could no longer control its Asian colonies. It no longer had trading superiority. In time, the French, Danes, Swedes and later the Americans joined the earlier Europeans in colonizing South and East Asia. Protestantism did not regard the Pope's authority in the treaty.

The Treaty lasted a short time, but had indirect impacts. It changed Spanish and Portuguese exploration of the New World. The treaty in part explains why the Portuguese-speaking part of South America became one country called Brazil. The regions in South America more to the West speak Spanish.The Spanish-speaking colonies split up into many different independent countries including Argentina, Colombia, and many others.

References
References 

15th century in Spain
History of South America
Tordesillas
1494
History of Portugal
Spanish Empire
Portuguese Empire
Second stands for:
 a unit for time; See: Second
 Two is the second positive whole number. 
 Arcsecond, a unit of angle
 Second of right ascension, in astronomy
 Second (parliamentary procedure), to support a proposal
 Second, the agent of a participant in a duel or a cornerman in combative sports such as boxing

Music
 Diminished second, or unison
 Minor second, or semitone
 Neutral second, or three-quarters-tone (i.e., one-and-a-half semitones)
 Major second, or whole tone (i.e., two semitones)
Mr. Quincy Magoo is a popular cartoon character from the late 1940s until the 1970s. Jim Backus was the voice of Mr. Magoo.  Mr. Magoo was not able to see well because he was very nearsighted.

History 

The first cartoon with Mr. Magoo was The Ragtime Bear (1949).

Magoo family 

 Mister Quincy Magoo, an old, nearsighted man.
 Waldo Magoo, Magoo's nephew.
 Mother Magoo, Magoo's mother (her actual name is Linda Magoo).
 Tycoon Magoo, Magoo's rich uncle.
 Justin Magoo, Magoo's 12-year-old nephew from Kung Fu Magoo.

Supporting Characters 

 Charlie, Magoo's houseboy from China.
 Prezly, Waldo's best friend.
 Wheeler and Dealer, two children Magoo and his mom often baby sit.
 Bowser, Magoo's cat, also called Cicero.
 Caesar, Magoo's dog from The Mr. Magoo Show.
 Hamlet, Magoo's hamster.
 Worcestershire, Tycoon's butler.
 Angesis McBarker, Magoo's dog from What's New, Mr. Magoo?.

Animated characters
Jam is a condiment. It is usually made from pressed fruit, sugar, and sometimes pectin. Most jams are cooked. After making, jam is normally put into an airtight jar.

Usually a jam contains as much sugar as it contains fruit. The two parts are then cooked together to form a gel.

In the European Union, the jam directive (Council Directive 79/693/EEC, 24 July 1979) sets minimum standards for the amount of "fruit" in jam.  It also expanded the definition of fruit.  This was done to take several unusual kinds of jam made in the EU into account.  For this purpose, "fruit" is considered to include fruits that are not usually treated as fruits, such as tomatoes; fruits that are not normally made into jams, such as melons and watermelons; and vegetables that are sometimes made into jams, such as: rhubarb (the edible part of the stalks), carrots, sweet potatoes, cucumbers, and pumpkins.  This definition continues to apply in a later directive, Council Directive 2001/113/EC (20 December 2001).
According to Canadian food and drug regulation (CRC), jam and jam products must at least have 45% of the named fruit and 66% of water-soluble solids. In addition, it may contain added pectin, pectinous preparation, or acid ingredient. Also, reasonable amount of a Class II preservative, a pH adjusting agent, and an antifoaming agent is acceptable. However, the jam product shall not contain apple or rhubarb.

Marmalade is jam made from oranges and tends to have pulp and peels.

Jelly is different from jam as it is made from mostly juice instead of fruit.

Fruit butters are made from slow cooking fruit to a smooth consistency.

Joan Miró used blackberry jam as an art medium.

As a gel, jam is neither a solid or a liquid. It can contain chunks of fruit which are solids. Once opened and out of the fridge the gel becomes more like a liquid, and is able to decay.

References

Other websites 
 National Center for Home Food Preservation - How do I...Jam & Jelly
 Council Directive 2001/113/EC (20 December 2001)
The word Neisse or Neiße (German) or Nysa (Polish) is the name of three rivers and one city.

 Lausitzer Neiße
 Glatzer Neisse
 Wütende Neiße

 A city in Poland, See: Nysa
A penalty kick (short pen) is a type of free kick in football. The ball is 11 meters away from the goal post. A penalty kick is taken by the team which has been fouled if the violent act is made in the penalty box.

Penalty shootout 
Penalties can also happen in a penalty shootout, when there is a draw in a match even after added extra time.

Football (soccer) terminology
Vanilla is a spice and a flavoring. The plant it grows on is the orchid Vanilla, which is a vine.

The main species picked for vanilla is called Vanilla planifolia. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.

Today, most of the flavoring is done in chemical laboratories because real vanilla beans are expensive. The pure (man-made) form of the flavoring is known as 'vanillin'.

History
The plant was brought to Europe by the Spanish in the 1520s. Vanilla was a well-regarded spice in Mesoamerica.

The first people to grow vanilla were the Totonac people.  They lived the east part of Mexico, by the sea. The Totonac people say that the vanilla plant was first made when a royal daughter and her lover were killed.
In the 15th century, Aztecs fought a war with the Totonacs.  The Totonacs lost the war.  The Aztecs liked the taste of vanilla. They named the fruit tlilxochitl, which means "black flower", because vanilla fruits turn black and dry after they are picked.

Until the mid-19th century, Mexico was the biggest producer of vanilla. In 1819, however, French businessmen shipped vanilla to the islands of Réunion and Mauritius in hope of growing vanilla there. Vanilla did not grow well there, because these places did not have the right kind of bees to take pollen between the plants. A young slave, Edmond Albius, discovered how to do pollination of the flowers quickly by hand. Then vanilla began to grow well in the new places.  Soon, vanilla plants were sent from Réunion Island to the Comoros Islands and to Madagascar. By 1898, Madagascar, Réunion, and the Comoros Islands produced 200 metric tons of vanilla fruits, about 80% of the vanilla grown in the world.
In the 1930s, businesses made a group to choose prices.  The price of vanilla rose very high in the late 1970s after a big storm hurt important croplands. Prices remained high through the early 1980s, but then the group ended.  Prices dropped 70% in a few years, to nearly US$20 for one kilogram. In 2000, prices rose sharply again after another big storm struck Madagascar. The storm, political problems, and poor weather in the third year drove vanilla prices up to US$500 for one kilogram in 2004.  In 2005, the price went down to about $40 for one kilogram.  By 2010, prices were down to US$20 for one kilogram. It remains one of the most expensive spices.

Today, most Bourbon vanilla and vanilla fruit is produced in Indonesia.  Madagascar also grows a lot of vanilla.  Mexico, once the biggest producer of natural vanilla, used to grow 500 tons of vanilla in a year.  In 2006, it made only 10 tons of vanilla.
About 95% of "vanilla" foods are flavored with man-made vanillin instead of with vanilla fruits.  Vanillin can be produced synthetically from lignin, a natural polymer found in wood.

References

Spices
Orchids
Peppers are plants, but there are many unrelated genera
 The genus Piper. It contains Black pepper, a plant that is grown to produce the peppercorn, the dark powder known as pepper is made of.
 The genus Capsicum. It contains the Chili pepper which is most often used as a vegetable
 Sichuan pepper, a condiment that is different from black pepper, and unrelated to it.
 Brazilian pepper, a shrub that is native to South America. It is widely used as an ornamental plant in frost-free regions. Its fruit is sometimes sold as pink peppercorns. It is poisonous in larger quantities.
 Tasmanian pepper, or Mountain pepper, an evergreen flowering plant of Australia and New Zealand
 Ukrainian Red Midget, a plant that produces peppers sometimes referred to at Thai Hot.
The Glatzer Neiße (Polish Nysa Kłodzka) is a river that flows into the Oder river from the left.

It is 150 km long, and flows through the cities of the central forest (Miedzylesie): Habelschwerdt (Bystrzyca Kłodzka) and Glatz (Kłodzko). It then runs eastward. Other cities on the river are Patschkau (Paczków), Ottmachau (Otmuchów), Lausitzer Neiße (Lewin Brzeski) and Schurgast (Skorogoszcz). Finally, it flows at the village of Riebnig (Rybna) southeast from Brieg (Brzeg) into the Oder.

Floods
The Glatzer Neiße has often left its banks and flooded nearby cities, at times destroying them completely. City chronicles from Kłodzko mention floods in the following years:

 14th century: 1310

 15th century: 1441, 1464, 1474

 16th century: 1500, 1522, 1524, 1560, 1566, 1570, 1587, 1589, 1591, 1598,

 17th century: 1602, 1603, 1605, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1625, 1646, 1652, 1655, 1689, 1693, 1696

 18th century: 1702, 1703, 1713, 1724, 1735, 1736, 1740, 1755, 1763, 1767, 1775, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1799
19th century: 1804, 1806, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1831, 1850, 1854, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1891, 1897

 20th century: 1900, 1903, 1907, 1938, 1952, 1997, 1998

Rivers of Poland
The Oder River (; Czech/) is a river in Central Europe. It starts in the Czech Republic and flows through Poland and Germany. It forms 187 kilometers of the border between Poland and Germany. The river is 854 kilometres long and ends in the Szczecin Lagoon in the Baltic Sea.

Some bigger towns the Oder passes are Wrocław, Eisenhüttenstadt, Frankfurt on the Oder, Szczecin and Police. The biggest city on the Oder River is Wrocław, in Lower Silesia, Poland.

Names 
The Oder River has different names in different languages. Most of these names are very similar, or almost the same:
 English and 
 Czech, Polish, and 
 
 
These names come from the Latin language names. In Medieval Latin the river was called Od(d)era. In Renaissance Latin, which was invented in 1534, the river was called Viadrus.

In the Old Church Slavonic language, the name of the river was Vjodr.
Geography 
The Oder is 854 km long. 112 km pass through the Czech Republic. 742 km pass through Poland. 187 km make up part of the border between Germany and Poland.

The Oder is the second-longest river in Poland. (The Vistula is the longest river.)

It begins in a watershed in the Oder Mountains that is 118,861 km². This basin is mostly in Poland, but a little bit is in the Czech Republic and Germany. The river runs through five voivodeships in Poland, and two states in Germany.

The river ends in the Szczecin Lagoon near Police, Poland. Here the Oder splits into three other rivers: the Dziwna River, the Świna River, and the Peene River. These three rivers start in Szczecin Lagoon and end Bay of Pomerania in the Baltic Sea.

The biggest city on the Oder River is Wrocław in Lower Silesia, Poland.

Cities
Cities 

The Oder passes through 28 major cities and towns. These are:
 Ostrava – Bohumín – Racibórz – Kędzierzyn-Koźle – Krapkowice – Opole – Brzeg – Oława – Jelcz-Laskowice – Wrocław – Brzeg Dolny – Ścinawa – Szlichtyngowa – Głogów – Bytom Odrzański – Nowa Sól – Krosno Odrzańskie – Eisenhüttenstadt – Frankfurt (Oder) – Słubice – Kostrzyn – Cedynia  – Schwedt – Vierraden – Gartz – Gryfino – Szczecin – Police

After the river splits, the Dziwna River branch passes through 3 towns:
 Wolin – Kamień Pomorski – Dziwnów

The Świna River branch passes through:
 Świnoujście

The Peene River branch passes through:
 Usedom – Lassan – Wolgast

These towns sit on the Szczecin Lagoon:
 Nowe Warpno – Ueckermünde

Related pages
 2022 Oder environmental disaster
 Oder-Neisse line

References 

Geography of Brandenburg
Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Rivers of the Czech Republic
Rivers of Germany
Rivers of Poland
Odra can be any of the following:

 Oder River, a river in Central Europe
 Name of several Polish football clubs, e.g. Odra Wodzislaw
 Odra River (Croatia)
 Odra River (Spain)
 Odra, Silesian Voivodeship, village in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland