Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Their ears are smaller than those of the African elephant. Their feet have more nails than those of African elephants. They have five nails on each front foot, and four on each back foot. Few Sri Lankan male elephants develop tusks, and females have no tusks. Their skin color is darker than that of the two other Asian subspecies. They may have large patches of skin color loss (depigmentation) on ears, face, trunk, and tummy.

Sri Lankan elephants are the largest subspecies of the Asian elephant. Their shoulder height is between 6 and 11 ft. They weigh between 4,000 and 12,000 lb.

Like humans, apes, and dolphins, they have a large and well developed brain. They are very smart. Elephants have the largest brain of all land animals. They have very good memories. They can remember places, people, and events from long in the past.

Distribution
Distribution

The Sri Lankan elephant was once widely distributed across Sri Lanka. Over the past two hundred years however, human land use and development has forced the elephant from the wet and fertile regions of the southwest to the drier regions of the north, east, and southeast. These drier areas are mainly deciduous woodland, scrub, grassland, and marshes.

Social lives

Like the two other subspecies of Asian elephants, Sri Lankan elephants live in groups of individuals that are related by blood. The group is led by a matriarch. She is usually the oldest and most experienced female in the group.

Sometimes a group will join another group to become a clan. The clan may then join another group or clan to become a herd. Groups are female-centered, and consist of grandmothers, mothers, daughters, sisters, and aunts.
Immature male elephants are members of the group, but once they reach sexual maturity, the females drive them out of the group. These males may then join bachelor groups or live on their own.

Family ties

 

A mature male elephant is a bull, and a mature female elephant is a cow. Their offspring are called calves. Calves suckle for 2 to 5 years, and develop close ties with their mothers. All cows in the group, clan, or herd will help in different ways to raise and protect the calves.

Male calves are more likely to leave their mothers to play. Play involves head sparring, mounting, charging, shoving, and chasing. Female calves play chasing and running games, throw sticks, and may attack imaginary foes. Both sexes play rough and tumble games with each other.

Male elephants
Male elephants

 

When males reach sexual maturity in their early teens, the matriarch and other female members of the group will chase him away. These males will not be able to mate with their relatives. The babies of such close unions will likely be inferior elephants.

Young males often form bachelor groups. Only a very few of Sri Lankan male elephants develop tusks. Female do not have tusks. Males become more solitary as they grow older. Adult males join females only for mating. Males do not help in raising the young.

Feeding

Sri Lankan elephants eat leaves, grasses, shrubs, and vines. They sometimes enter farm gardens and eat crop plants. Baby and young elephants feed mostly on different grasses. 

Sri Lankan elephants are both browsers and grazers. They walk along and eat, but also stand still and eat what they can reach.
Adult elephants eat 300-400 lb. of food per day to support their bulk. These elephants will eat for up to 16 hours a day to meet their need for food. They drink from 25 to 50 gallons of water daily.

Defecation 

The elephants use less than 50% of the food they eat. They produce huge amounts of manure. They defecate about 16–18 times a day, and produce about 220 lbs. of dung.

In the wild, this manure carries and spreads the undigested seeds in the elephant's diet. Their manure is a source of food for insects and birds.

Reproduction

Asian male elephants reach sexual maturity during their early teens. At that time, they enter an annual phase called "musth". This is a period when they become sexually aggressive. They will fight other males to mate with a female.

 

Once a male and female have successfully mated, a baby elephant called a calf develops in the mother's womb. The calf is born after an 18 to 22 month period. At birth, the calf weighs about 220 lb. Twins are rare.
Babies are weaned at 18 months to 3 years or longer. Female calves stay close to their mothers to strengthen their bonds; male calves venture away from their mothers to explore and play.  

Once a mother gives birth, she usually does not breed again until the first calf is weaned. This results in a birth interval of 4 to 5 years. Mothers remain with their herd, but mature males are driven away.

Humans and elephants

See also: Crushing by elephant

In the distant past, Sri Lankan elephants numbered in the hundreds of thousands. They lived in all zones of the island. They were aggressively hunted by Sri Lankans, other Asians, and Europeans. 

In the 19th century, a British officer was said to have killed 1,500 elephants. Other British officers held similar records. Between 1829 and 1855 alone, more than 6,000 elephants were captured and killed.
In 2014, there was an estimated 4,000 elephants living on Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan elephant is protected under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance of Sri Lanka (FFPO), and killing it carries the death penalty. 

Sri Lankan elephants are important to the economic and cultural life of Sri Lanka. Some are working elephants. They are used to carry timber. These elephants are losing their jobs because tractors are replacing them. 

Elephants can be seen in protected areas and national parks. These elephants attract tourists. This trade improves the economy and the lives of Sri Lankans. 

The elephant has always been held in great cultural esteem in Sri Lanka. Rajah, a Sri Lankan elephant with tusks that nearly touched the ground, was declared a national treasure in 1985.
Sri Lankan elephants participate in ceremonies, processions, and other public events. The Esala Perahera (the festival of Buddha's tooth) is held annually in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is thought to date to the 3rd century BC. Elephants lead the procession, bearing the sacred tooth.

Endangered species

Sri Lankan elephants face the same threats to survival as other Asian elephant subspecies do: the clearing of forests to make way for farms and other human developments has destroyed their living areas. 

Conflicts between elephants and humans have been the result. These conflicts have led to the death of both elephants and humans, and the destruction of property. The situation is complicated by the elephant's taste for crops grown by humans such as sugar cane, bananas, and other fruits. 

In 1997, about 126 wild elephants were lost as a result of these conflicts. Conflict between government troops and a terrorist group called  the Tamil Tigers has also put elephants at risk.

References
References

Elephants
Mammals of Asia
National symbols of Sri Lanka
Blanche Barton (born Sharon Densley; October 1, 1961 in San Diego, California) is an American religious leader. She is the Magistra Templi Rex of the Church of Satan. Satanists address her as Magistra Barton. 

Barton became the High Priestess after Anton LaVey died on October 29, 1997. She held the position of High Priestess until April 30, 2002. Barton has written two books: The Church of Satan: A History of the World's Most Notorious Religion and The Secret Life of a Satanist: The Authorized Biography of Anton LaVey.

References

Other websites 
 Church of Satan biography

1961 births
Living people
American esotericists
Writers from San Diego, California
Satanists
Tamari is a Japanese soy sauce. It is milder and less salty than regular soy sauce. It has more fermented soy sauce.

Condiments
Sauces
"Ma Baker" is a popular song performed by Boney M. The song came off their album Love for Sale. It hit #2 in Britain. The song was remixed and sampled for several other songs. It was only minor in the United States.

The song was released May 2, 1977.

1977 songs
Pop songs
Boney M songs
Nathan Dempsey (born July 14, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. Dempsey played a total of 260 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks, Los Angeles Kings and Boston Bruins.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Dempsey played 3 seasons with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He was drafted with the 245th overall pick by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft.

Dempsey spent most of his time with the Leafs's AHL affiliate St. John's Maple Leafs. During his time there, Dempsey was able to win the Fred T. Hunt Memorial Award for best exemplifying sportsmanship, determination and dedication in 2001–02. Aside from North American leagues, Dempsey has also played for Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) during the 2004–05 NHL lockout and SC Bern of the National League A (NLA). After his time with SC Bern was done, he retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2008.

References
References

Other websites

1974 births
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Providence Bruins players
St. John's Maple Leafs players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
American Hockey League players
Live Through This is the second studio album by Hole. It was released by Geffen Records on April 12, 1994. It got very good reviews. Most of the album was written by Courtney Love and guitarist Eric Erlandson. It was the only Hole album with bassist Kristen Pfaff. Love's husband Kurt Cobain did backing vocals on two songs. Four singles were released from the album, including "Doll Parts". The album was dedicated to Joe Cole, a roadie for Black Flag, who was shot to death during a robbery in December 1991 after attending a Hole show in West Hollywood, California.

Background
Hole's first studio album Pretty on the Inside was released in 1991. In March 1992, after the band toured to promote the album, drummer Caroline Rue and bassist Jill Emery left the band. In April 1992 Patty Schemel joined the band as drummer in replacement of Rue. The band moved to Carnation, Washington to a house owned by Love and her husband Kurt Cobain and began writing songs for a second album.
Reviews
Rolling Stone gave the album four out of five stars. Spin gave it a score of 10/10.

References

1994 albums
Hole (band) albums
Punk albums
Pretty on the Inside is the first studio album by Hole. It was released on September 17, 1991 in the United States on Caroline Records. In Europe it was released on City Slang. One single, "Teenage Whore", was released from the album. The album was produced by Kim Gordon and Don Fleming. It has sold over 200,000 copies in the US. All of the songs on the album were written by Courtney Love and Eric Erlandson apart from the last song "Clouds".

Track listing 
 "Teenage Whore" - 2:57
 "Babydoll" - 4:59
 "Garbadge Man" - 3:19
 "Sassy" - 1:43
 "Good Sister/Bad Sister" - 5:47
 "Mrs Jones" - 5:25
 "Berry" - 2:46
 "Loaded" - 4:19
 "Starbelly" - 1:46
 "Pretty on the Inside" - 1:27
 "Clouds" - 3:58

References 

1991 albums
Hole (band) albums
Debut albums
Punk albums
Charles Weedon Westover (or Del Shannon; December 30, 1934 – February 8, 1990) was an American rock and roll singer and musician. He had several popular songs, including "Runaway" in 1961.

Del Shannon was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He shot himself dead with his rifle at age fifty-five in Santa Clarita, California. He was cremated.

References 

1934 births
1990 deaths
American rock musicians
Deaths by firearm in California
Musicians from Michigan
Musicians who committed suicide
Singers from Michigan
Suicides by firearm in the United States
"Holiday in Cambodia" is the second single off American hardcore punk band Dead Kennedys' debut studio album Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables. The song was released in May 1980. 

The cover art for the song was taken during the Thammasat University massacre on 6 October 1976 in Thailand. It shows a member of a right-wing crowd beating the corpse of a student protester with a chair. The song is against both Eastern totalitarianism and Western complacency. The original version of the song features the satirically quoted word "niggers", later performances of the song by the Dead Kennedys, as well as other artists have replaced the word with "brothers". Biafra, however, has often replaced the word with "blacks".
Lead singer Jello Biafra was sued by the other members of Dead Kennedy because he would not allow the song to be used in a Levi's Dockers commercial. Biafra opposed Levi's because he believes they use unfair business practices and sweatshop labor. The other members of the band said that they had had their royalties defrauded. "The record industry has been skimming royalties owed artists since the beginning," according to Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray. "This case is no different from blues musicians being taken advantage of in the twenties and thirties. Many people doubted the claims we made against our former record label back in 1998 but with this announcement there is no denying we were the victims here."

References

1980 songs
Hard rock songs
Dead Kennedys songs
Julie Bindel (born 20 July 1962) is an English writer. She is a lesbian and radical feminist. She lives in Crouch End, London. She is a freelance journalist. Her work is often published by The Guardian. Bindel edits Gaze: A Modern Review.

Early life
She became involved in feminism in 1979 as a teenager in Leeds. In 1990 she started Justice for Women with other feminists.

References 

1962 births
Living people
British feminists
English LGBT writers
English journalists
Feminist writers
Lesbian feminists
LGBT journalists
Radical feminists
Writers from Leeds
Courken George "Duke" Deukmejian, Jr. (; June 6, 1928 – May 8, 2018) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party.

He was the 35th Governor of California from 1983 to 1991. He was also California Attorney General from 1979 to 1983.

Deukmejian died at his home in Long Beach, California on May 8, 2018 at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2018 deaths
Governors of California
Politicians from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
20th-century American politicians
Menands is a village in Albany County, New York. It is in the city of Colonie. It has the population of 3,990 as of 2010.

Villages in New York (state)
Colonie is a town in Albany County, New York. It has the population of 81,691 as of 2010.

Towns in New York (state)
Silver City is a town in Grant County, New Mexico. It has the population of 10,273 as of 2010.

Towns in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
Veruca Salt is an American alternative rock band. Louise Post and Nina Gordon started the band with drummer Jim Shapiro and bassist Steve Lack in 1993. In 1994 their first album American Thighs was released. Gordon left the band in 1998. In 2013 she joined the band again. On June 22 2014 the band's original members will perform together for the first time in 19 years.

References

1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
1993 establishments in the United States
American rock bands
Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography () is a university in Russia. It is one of the first universities in the world dedicated to geodesy and cartography. It was established in 1779 and has six faculties.

Other websites 
  Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

Colleges and universities in Moscow
1779 establishments
18th-century establishments in Russia
1770s establishments in Europe
1770s establishments in Asia
State University Of Land Use Planning () is a university in Moscow. It is dedicated to the study of land management. The university was established in 1779. It has 7 faculties.

Other websites 
  official site

Colleges and universities in Moscow
1779 establishments
18th-century establishments in Russia
1770s establishments in Asia
1770s establishments in Europe
Indianola is a city in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States. As of 2000, 12,066 people lived in Indianola.

Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Antimatter, when it comes into contact with regular matter, releases a huge amount of energy. This energy is in the form of an explosion. This explosion can be harnessed for electrical means (Creating electricity) or as a thrust (Because antimatter has to be created, it would be extremely inefficient to use for electricity.) Since newtons laws state that if you push something, you get pushed. That is how rockets work. The antimatter can be exploded and forced behind the rocket, pushing the rocket forward. But antimatter reactions can produce harmful discharges of high energy gamma rays. High energy gamma rays break down molecules in cells and can also make the rocket engines radioactive. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently doing research to reduce this harmful side effect.

References 

Antimatter
Leland Victor "Lou" Brissie (June 5, 1924 – November 25, 2013) was an American baseball starting pitcher. He played for two Major League Baseball teams—the Philadelphia Athletics from 1947 to 1951 and the Cleveland Indians from 1951 to 1953. He was a symbol for the disabled and veterans after getting leg injuries in World War II. He was born in Ware Shoals, South Carolina.

Brissie died from heart and lung failure on November 25, 2013 in Augusta, Georgia. He was 89.

References

Other websites

 

1924 births
2014 deaths
American baseball players
Military people from Georgia (U.S. state)
Cleveland Indians players
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
Oakland Athletics players
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Walter Frosch (19 December 1950 – 23 November 2013) was a German professional association footballer. He played as a defender. He was a player for SV Alsenborn, 1. FC Kaiserslautern and FC St. Pauli between 1970 and 1979. He was born in Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate (then part of West Germany).

Frosch died from a cardiac arrest on 23 November 2013 in Hamburg, aged 62.

References

Other websites

 

1950 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
German footballers
People from Ludwigshafen
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
An Official Presidential Portrait is an oil portrait painted of a President of the United States of America. In recent years, the official portrait of the President is a photograph until after they leave office.

The tradition started with Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. Presidents often display the official portraits of Presidents they admire (on loan from the National Portrait Gallery) in the Oval Office, or around the White House.

Gallery of presidential portraits

Other websites

Art
Everett Raymond Kinstler (August 5, 1926 – May 26, 2019) was an American portrait artist. He painted official portraits of businesspeople and also Presidents of the United States. He painted portraits for Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan.

Life
Kinstler was born in New York in 1926. He studied at the Art Students League of New York and taught there between 1969 and 1974. He died on May 26, 2019 of a short-illness at the age of 92.

Awards
 Elected into the National Academy of Design, in 1970
 Copley Medal from the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, in 1999
 Inkpot Award, in 2006

Gallery

References

Other websites

Official site

1926 births
2019 deaths
American painters
American comics artists
Educators from New York (state)
Artists from New York (state)
This is a list of mammals of Great Britain. 

The Great Britain mammal fauna is impoverished compared with that of continental Europe. This is because there was only a short time between the last ice age and the flooding of the land bridge between Britain and the rest of Europe. The list only has land species which crossed before the creation of the English Channel, and those later brought in by humans.

Native (indigenous) species have three possible definitions:
 a species which colonised the islands during the glacial retreat at the end of the last ice age (c.9500 years ago);
 a species that was present when the English Channel was created (c.8000 years ago);
 or, a species that was present in prehistory.

This list includes mammals from the small islands around Great Britain and the Channel Islands. There are no endemic mammal species in Great Britain, although four distinct subspecies of rodents have arisen on small islands.
Rodentia 
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continuously and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the coypu (once introduced to Great Britain, but subsequently eradicated) can weigh up to 9 kg (15.5 lb).

Family: Castoridae (beavers)

Eurasian beaver  Castor fiber – Reintroduced

Family: Cricetidae (voles)

Bank vole  Myodes glareolus
Skomer vole  M. g. skomerensis
Field vole  Microtus agrestis
Common vole  M. arvalis
Orkney vole or Cuttick  M. a. orcadensis
Water vole  Arvicola terrestris

Family: Muridae (rats, mice and relatives)

Harvest mouse  Micromys minutus
Wood mouse  Apodemus sylvaticus
St Kilda field mouse  A. s. hirtensis
Yellow-necked mouse  A. flavicollis
House mouse  Mus musculus
St Kilda house mouse   M. m. muralis

Family: Gliridae (dormice)

Hazel dormouse  Muscardinus avellanarius

Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)

Red squirrel  Sciurus vulgaris
Lagomorpha 
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (hares and rabbits)

Mountain hare  Lepus timidus
Scottish mountain hare L. t. scoticus

Hedgehogs 

Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Erinaceomorpha

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
European hedgehog  Erinaceus europaeus

Shrews and moles 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Soricomorpha
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers. 
European mole  Talpa europaea
Common shrew  Sorex araneus
Pygmy shrew  S. minutus
Water shrew  Neomys fodiens

Bats 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Chiroptera

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
Greater horseshoe bat  Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Lesser horseshoe bat  R. hipposideros
Greater mouse-eared bat  Myotis myotis – Vagrant
Whiskered bat  M. mystacinus
Brandt's bat  M. brandti
Natterer's bat  M. nattereri
Bechstein's bat  M. bechsteini
Daubenton's bat  M. daubentoni
Geoffroy's bat M. emarginatus
Alcathoe bat M. alcathoe
Parti-coloured bat  Vespertilio murinus – Vagrant
Serotine  Eptesicus serotinus
Northern bat  E. nilssoni – Vagrant
Common noctule  Nyctalus noctula
Leisler's bat or lesser noctule  N. leisleri
Hoary bat  Lasiurus cinereus – Vagrant
Common pipistrelle  Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Soprano pipistrelle  P. pygmaeus
Nathusius pipistrelle  P. nathusii
Kuhl's pipistrelle  P. kuhlii
Barbastelle  Barbastella barbastellus
Brown long-eared bat  Plecotus auritus
Grey long-eared bat  P. austriacus

Even-toed ungulates 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Artiodactyla
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Wild boar  Sus scrofa - Reintroduced
Feral goat  Capra aegagrus hircus - Bilberry goat
Sheep  Ovis orientalis aries - Soay sheep
Cattle  Bos primigenius taurus - Chillingham wild cattle
Scottish red deer  Cervus elaphus scoticus
Roe deer  Capreolus capreolus

Odd-toed ungulates 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Perissodactyla

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Feral horse  Equus ferus caballus - Exmoor pony, Dartmoor pony

Carnivora 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Carnivora
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. 

Domesticated dog Canis lupus familiaris
Red fox  Vulpes vulpes
Grey seal  Halichoerus grypus
Common seal  Phoca vitulina
Ringed seal  P. hispida – Vagrant
Bearded seal  Erignathus barbatus – Vagrant
Hooded seal  Cystophora cristatus – Vagrant
Harp seal  Pagophilus groenlandicus – Vagrant
Walrus  Odobenus rosmarus – Vagrant
Pine marten  Martes martes
Stoat (Ermine)  Mustela erminea
Least weasel  M. nivalis
European polecat  M. putorius
European otter  Lutra lutra
European badger  Meles meles
European wildcat  Felis silvestris silvestris
Domesticated cat Felis silvestris catus

Order: Cetacea

Whales 

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Suborder: Mysticeti
Family: Balaenidae
Genus: Eubalaena
 North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis EN
Family: Balaenopteridae
Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
Genus: Balaenoptera
 Fin whale Balaenoptera physalis
 Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/NT
 Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis
 Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus 
Genus: Megaptera
 Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae
Suborder: Odontoceti
Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Family: Monodontidae
Genus: Delphinapterus
 Beluga Delphinapterus leucas VU
Family: Phocoenidae
Genus: Phocoena
 Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena VU
Family: Physeteridae
Genus: Physeter
 Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
Family: Kogiidae
Genus: Kogia
 Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps LR/LC
Family: Ziphidae
Genus: Ziphius
 Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
Genus: Hyperoodon
 Northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus LR/CD
Genus: Mesoplodon
 Sowerby's beaked whale Mesoplodon bidens DD
 Gervais' beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus DD
True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus DD
Genus: Pseudorca
 False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens
Dolphins 

Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
Genus: Delphis
Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis
Genus: Tursiops
 Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
Genus: Stenella
 Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
Genus: Lagenorhynchus
 Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus LR/LC
 White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris LR/LC
Genus: Grampus
 Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus DD

Introduced animals

Diprotodontia 
Though most marsupials make up a great part of the fauna in the Australian region, the red-necked wallaby has been introduced and a feral population is currently breeding on the island of Inchconnachan, and at Loch Lomond in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. A smaller group is present on the Isle of Man, and the species is locally extinct in the Peak District, in Cumbria, and at Ashdown Forest in East Sussex.

Family: Macropodidae (kangaroos, wallabies, and kin)

Red-necked wallaby Macropus rufogriseus - Introduced
Rodentia 
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continuously and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the coypu (once introduced to Great Britain, but subsequently eradicated) can weigh up to 9 kg (15.5 lb).

Family: Muridae (rats, mice and relatives)

Black rat  Rattus rattus - Introduced
Brown rat  R. norvegicus - Introduced

Family: Gliridae (dormice)

Edible dormouse  Glis glis – Introduced

Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)

Grey squirrel  Sciurus carolinensis – Introduced

Lagomorpha 
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been put in a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Leporidae (hares and rabbits)

Mountain hare  Lepus timidus
Irish hare L. t. hibernicus – Introduced Isle of Mull
European hare  L. europaeus – Possibly introduced
European rabbit  Oryctolagus cuniculus – Introduced

Shrews and moles 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Soricomorpha

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Greater white-toothed shrew  Crocidura russula – Likely introduced, Channel Islands only
Lesser white-toothed shrew  C. suaveolens – Likely introduced, Isles of Scilly and Channel Islands only

Even-toed ungulates 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Artiodactyla
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Sika deer  C. nippon – Introduced
Fallow deer  Dama dama - Introduced
Reeves's muntjac  Muntiacus reevesi – Introduced
Water deer  Hydropotes inermis – Introduced

Carnivora 
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Order: Carnivora

American mink  M. vison – Introduced

References

Other websites
A Review of British Mammals, 1995  (PDF format)
The Mammal Society: Mammals of the British Isles
Discuss UK wildlife 

Lists of mammals
Derek MacDonald Cooper (25 May 1925 – 18 April 2014) was a British journalist. He wrote about food, wine and whisky. He worked with The Listener, The Observer, Home & Garden and Saga Magazine.

He created the idea of BBC Radio 4’s weekly program The Food Programme. He was born in London, England.

Cooper died from Parkinson's disease in London, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in England
English journalists
Writers from London
Pontotoc is a city in Pontotoc County, Mississippi. As of 2010, the population is 5,625.

Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Lamesa is a city in Dawson County, Texas. As of 2010, it has the population of 9,422.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Luciano do Valle Queirós, (4 July 1947 – 19 April 2014) better known as Luciano do Valle was a Brazilian sports commentator, television presenter, journalist and entrepreneur. He worked on several broadcasters on television—Rede Globo from 1971 to 1982, Rede Record from 1982 to 1983 and 2003 to 2006, and Rede Bandeirantes from 1983 to 2003 and 2006 to his death. He was born in Campinas, São Paulo.

Luciano do Valle died on the afternoon of 19 April 2014 in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, aged 66.

References

Other websites
  
 

1947 births
2014 deaths
Writers from São Paulo
Businesspeople from São Paulo
Brazilian journalists
Sports commentators
Brazilian television presenters
The Volta River is a river which is mostly in Ghana. It drains into the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean. It has three main tributaries  the Black Volta, White Volta and Red Volta.

Water drains into the Volta from most of Ghana, most of Burkina Faso, and parts of Benin, Ivory Coast, Mali, and Togo. In 1964, the Akosombo Dam was built. This created a reservoir along the river known as Lake Volta.

References

Rivers of Africa
Geography of Ghana
Neville Kenneth Wran  (11 October 1926 – 20 April 2014) was an Australian politician and lawyer. He served as the Premier of New South Wales from 1976 until 1986. He was National President of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1980 to 1986. He also served as chairman of both the Lionel Murphy Foundation and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) from 1986 to 1991.

Wran was born in Paddington, New South Wales. He was educated in Balmain. He was married twice and had five children.

Wran died from dementia on 20 April 2014 in Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales. He was 87.

References

Other websites
 Neville Wran  at the Parliament of New South Wales website 

1926 births
2014 deaths
Australian lawyers
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Sydney
Order of Australia
Politicians from New South Wales
University of Sydney alumni
Republicans

Companions of the Order of Australia
Early life and military service
Lauri Allan Törni was born in Viipuri, Viipuri Province, Karelia, Finland. His father was a ship captain named Jalmari (Ilmari) Törni. His mother was Rosa (née Kosonen) Törni. He had two sisters:  Salme Lesley (b. 1920) and Kaija Iris (b. 1922). When he was a boy, he was athletic. An early friend was future Olympic Boxing Gold Medalist Sten Suvio. He attended business school and served with the Finland Civil Guard. Then he entered military service and joined the 4th Independent Jaeger Infantry Battalion stationed at Kiviniemi.

Career

World War II
World War II

During the Winter War, he fought battles at Lake Ladoga. His courage was noticed by his commanders. At the end of the war, he received officer training. Then he was commissioned a Vänrikki (2nd lieutenant) in the reserves. After the Winter War, in June 1941, Törni went to Vienna, Austria. In Vienna, he received 7 weeks of training with the Waffen SS. Then he returned to Finland in July. Because he was a Finnish officer, he was recognized as a German Untersturmfuhrer.

Törni is famous because of his courage in the Continuation War (1941–44) between the Soviet Union and Finland. In 1943 he was the leader of Detachment Törni. His infantry unit went behind enemy lines to attack the Russians. One of Törni's men was future President of Finland, Mauno Koivisto. The two served together during the Battle of Ilomantsi. This was the last Finnish-Soviet battle of the Continuation War.
Törni's unit caused many casualties on the Russian units. The Soviet Army placed a reward of 3 million Finnish Marks, equivalent to 650,000 USD, to anyone who captured Törni. Because of his courage, Törni was decorated with the Mannerheim Cross on 9 July 1944.

Törni was not happy when Finland made peace with the Soviets. The peace agreement required Finland to take up arms against Germany in the Lapland War. He left the Finnish Army. In 1945, he was recruited by a pro-German resistance movement in Finland. He traveled to Germany for saboteur training. He wanted to organize resistance in case Finland was occupied by the Soviet Union. He surrendered to British troops in Germany at the end of World War II. Then he returned to Finland in June 1945.
In 1949 Törni, traveled with his wartime executive officer Holger Pitkänen to Sweden. They entered Sweden  from Tornio to Haparanda (Haaparanta). From Haparanda they traveled by railroad to Stockholm. Törni stayed with the Baroness von Essen, who helped many Finnish officers following the war. Pitkänen was arrested and returned to Finland.  Törni met and fell in love with a Swedish Finn, Marja Kops. They were engaged to be married. Looking for a new job before the marriage, Törni traveled to Caracas, Venezuela. Törni met one of his Winter War commanders, Finnish colonel Matti Aarnio, who lived in Venezuela. From Caracas, Törni hired on to a Swedish cargo ship, the MS Skagen. The Skagen sailed to the United States in 1950. While in the Gulf of Mexico, near Mobile, Alabama, Törni jumped overboard and swam to shore. Now he was a political refugee. He traveled to New York City where he was helped by the Finnish-American community in the Sunset Park, Brooklyn "Finntown." There he worked as a carpenter and cleaner
. In 1953, Törni received residence permit through an Act of Congress. The law firm of William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan (the former head of the OSS, America's wartime covert military organization) helped pass the law.
Törni joined the U.S. Army in 1954. The Lodge-Philbin Act was a special law that allowed non-citizens to join the army. He adopted the name Larry Thorne. While in the US Army, his friends were Finnish-American officers known as "Marttinen's Men." They helped Private Thorne join the Special Forces. While in the Special Forces, Thorne taught skiing, survival, mountaineering, and guerrilla tactics. In turn he attended airborne school. He advanced in rank and received a commission as a 2nd lieutenant in 1957. He was promoted to captain in 1960. From 1958 to 1962 he served in the 10th Special Forces Group in West Germany at Bad Tölz. While there he was second in command of a search and rescue mission in the Zagros mountains of Iran. The mission was very difficult and Thorne was praised because of its success.

In 1962 Thorne is shown as a lieutenant with the 10th Special Forces Group in a United States Army The Big Picture episode.
In November 1963 Thorne joined Special Forces unit A-734 in Vietnam. He fought in the Mekong Delta and received medals for bravery.

In 1965, Thorne transferred to Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACV–SOG). This was a classified U.S. special operations unit. The unit focused on unconventional warfare in Vietnam. On 18 October 1965, Thorne was supervising a secret mission on a helicopter. The helicopter crashed in a mountainous area of Vietnam, 25 miles (40 km) from Da Nang. A rescue team went to the crash site. They could not find it because of the mountains and trees.

Shortly after his disappearance, Thorne was promoted to the rank of major.

Thorne's body was found in 1999. Also, the bodies of the helicopter crew were found. The bodies were formally identified in 2003. On 26 June 2003, he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, section 60, tombstone 8136. The remains of the Vietnam casualties were buried with him.

Details of service
Details of service

 The Finnish Army
 3 September 1938, military (reserve)
 1 March 1939, Reserve Corporal
 9 May 1940, reserve second lieutenant
 5 March 1942, reserve lieutenant
 27 August 1944, reserve captain
 6 October 1950, removed from officers list

 Finnish decorations:
 2 class medal of freedom 26 July 1940
 1 class medal of freedom 24 August 1940
 3rd class Cross of Liberty 9 October 1941
 4th class Cross of Liberty 23 May 1942
 Mannerheim Cross 9 July 1944
 1st Div. memorial cross

 Defence Forces bronze medal

 German army, the Waffen-SS
 18 May 1941, Untersturmführer ( Nordost )
 15 April 1945, Hauptsturmführer ( Sonderkommando Nord )

 German decorations:
 2 class Iron Cross 11 December 1943

 United States Army
 28 January 1954, enlisted
20 December 1954, Private First Class
 28 April 1955, Corporal
 17 November 1955, Sergeant
 9 January 1957, Lieutenant (res.)
 30 November 1960, Captain (res.)
 16 December 1965, Major (res., posthumously)
United States Army decorations:
 Bronze Star
 Army Commendation Medal
 Purple Heart (twice)
 The Legion of Merit
 Good Conduct Medal
 National Defense Service Medal
 Vietnam Campaign Medal
 Vietnam Service Medal
 Air Medal
 Combat Infantry Badge
 Parachute Badge (Master)
 Distinguished Flying Cross

Legacy
In the 1990s, Törni's name became more and more well-known as a martial war hero. Several books were written about him. He was named 52nd in the Suuret Suomalaiset listing of famous Finns. In the 2006 Suomen Sotilas (Finnish Soldier) magazine listing, he was named most courageous of the Mannerheim Cross recipients.

In Finland, the survivors, friends, and families of Detachment Törni formed the Lauri Törni Tradition Guild. The Infantry Museum (Jalkaväkimuseo) in Mikkeli, Finland, has an exhibit dedicated to Törni, as does the Military Museum of Finland in Helsinki. Törni is considered as the primary hero by both Finnish Parachute Rangers and Coastal Rangers, the two elite Finnish army formations.
At Fort Carson, Colorado,  headquarters building for Special Forces is named the Larry Thorne Headquarters Building. The Special Forces 10th Group presents the Larry Thorne Award to the best Operational Detachment-Alpha in the command each year. The Special Forces Association Chapter 33 in Cleveland, Tennessee is named after him. In 2010 he was named as the first Honorary Member of the United States Army Special Forces Regiment.

In the book The Green Berets by Robin Moore, the "Sven Kornie" (or Captain Steve Kornie) main character in the first chapter was based on Thorne.
In a 2013 book Tuntematon Lauri Törni [Unknown Lauri Törni], Juha Pohjonen and Oula Silvennoinen say that Törni's conviction for treason was correct. They say the SS training that Törni  received at the end of World War II was to support a National Socialist coup in Finland. Törni Heritage Guild members Markku Moberg and Pasi Niittymäki disagree. They say Törni faced pressure from war and alcohol, but did not support Germany. Finnish historian Jussi Niinistö says Törni's training was motivated by patriotism.

Notes

References
  
 In 2002 as: A Scent of Glory: The Times and Life of Larry A. Thorne. Athens: Nike Ekdotike. . .
 In Swedish in 2008 as: Lauri Törni Yrke Soldat. Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek. .

Further reading

Other websites
 More on Larry Thorne, by J. Mike Cleverley 
 P.O.W. Network listing on Thorne
 Arlington National Cemetery (unofficial) listing on Thorne
 Knights of the Mannerheim Cross
1919 births
1965 deaths
Military people from New York (state)
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Aviation deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Finnish military people
Military people killed in action
Prisoners
SS officers
Waffen-SS people
Eilmer of Malmesbury was an English monk, born around 980. He is known for having attempted one of the first human flights in history.

The reason Eilmer made his flight was that he needed to think of a way out whenever the Vikings would attack the abbey. He went up a church tower with his gliding equipment that he had made from willow or ash. He made a downward flight of some 200 meters or so - from at least 18 meters high.

References
http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ss/stories/s1010848.htm

980s births
Year of death missing
Christian monks
Benedictines
English Roman Catholics
Year of death unknown
People from Wiltshire
Lorestan Province is a province of western Iran. It is the home land of the Lurs people and of the Luri language. Lorestan is in the Zagros Mountains, in the western part of Iran.

Some of the important cities are Khorramabad, Borujerd, and Aligudarz.

References

Other websites
 Governor's Office 
 Information portal
The Division of Moore is an Australian Electoral Division in Perth.

Members

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Moore (WA) — Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
1949 establishments in Australia
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an attempt in 1961 (during the Cold War) to remove Fidel Castro from power in Cuba. The CIA trained Cuban exiles and these exiles launched an attack in a bay called the Bay of Pigs.

The invasion was a failure and most of the attackers were captured or killed. There were several conflicts that led to this; including a lack of promised air support and a change in where the landing was to be launched. This was one of many unsuccessful attempts by the CIA to rid Cuba of Castro. One interesting fact is that the plan was originally put in motion by Eisenhower, but the attack was ordered by John F. Kennedy who only found out about the plan after his election.

Related pages 
 Cuban Missile Crisis

References 

1961
1961 in the United States
1960s in Cuba
Cold War
John F. Kennedy
Thomas Francis Eagleton (September 4, 1929 – March 4, 2007) was an American politician. 

Eagleton was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at Harvard Law School and at Amherst College.

He served as a United States senator from Missouri. He served as senator from 1968 to 1987. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Eagleton was a running mate for George McGovern during the 1972 United States presidential campaign. However, Eagleton soon withdrew from the ticker after Robert Boyd reported that Eagleton suffered from psychiatric problems and undergone three shock treatments.

Eagleton then ran for President of the United States in 1984, but lost the primary to Walter Mondale.

In 2007, Eagleton died in St. Louis, Missouri from heart and respiratory failure, aged 77.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1929 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Missouri
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
1984 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Missouri
Rubin "Hurricane" Carter (May 6, 1937 – April 20, 2014) was an American middleweight boxer. He is best known for being wrongfully convicted for a triple murder for which he was in jail for 19 years.

Carter was an African American who was born in Clifton, New Jersey. He was sent to a juvenile reformatory after stabbing a man and being convicted of assault in the late 1940s. He escaped in 1954 and joined the Army. He was discharged for unfitness. He was sent to prison for escaping from the reformatory. He mugged several people, for which he was convicted and imprisoned.

Carter began a boxing career in 1961, shortly after being released from prison. He married Mae Thelma Basket in 1963.
In 1966, in a bar in Paterson, New Jersey, a bartender and two customers were shot dead. In 1967, Carter and John Artis were convicted of the murders and given three life sentences. In 1976, their convictions were quashed and they were reconvicted at a second trial. In 1981, Artis was paroled. In 1985, Carter's murder convictions were again quashed and he was released.

Carter's wife divorced him. he moved to Toronto, Ontario and married Lisa Peters. He was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2011. He died of the disease on April 20, 2014 in Toronto, aged 76. He is survived by his daughter and son from his first marriage.

Carter is the subject of Hurricane, a song by Bob Dylan, and The Hurricane, a movie.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2014 deaths
African-American boxers
American people convicted of assault
American robbers
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Deaths from prostate cancer
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Clifton is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey. In 2010, 84,139 people lived there.

Cities in New Jersey
Beaufort is a city in Beaufort County, South Carolina. In 2010, 12,261 people lived there.

References 

Cities in South Carolina
County seats in South Carolina
1711 establishments
1710s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in South Carolina
Narendra Damodardas Modi (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician. He is the current Prime Minister of India serving since 2014. He was the Chief Minister of the state of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014. Modi was elected Prime Minister of India in May 2014. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Early life
Narendra Modi was born into a Gujarati family in Vadnagar. As a child, he used to help his father, who ran a tea stall at Vadnagar railway station.  Later, he and his brother ran a tea stall of their own at a bus terminus.

In 1978, Modi received a B.A. degree in political science from School of Open Learning at the University of Delhi, graduating with a third class. Five years later, in 1983, he received a Master of Arts degree in political science from Gujarat University, as an external distance learning student.

2019 Polls