Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious importance, that was carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a memorial that you can touch. Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems.

The word relic comes from the Latin reliquiae ('remains'). A reliquary is a shrine that houses one or more relics.

Some well-known religious relics include the Tooth of Buddha, the Holy Grail, the Crown of Thorns, the True Cross of Jesus, the Staff of Moses.

Other websites 
Relics article from the Catholic Encyclopedia
Relics  
Keeping Relics in Perspective 
A Place for Relics 
The veneration of the relics of saints  - from the Summa Theologiae
An Inventory of Relics  by John Calvin

Religious objects
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. (November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999), often known to as John-John, or JFK Jr., was an American attorney, magazine publisher, journalist and businessman. He was the son of John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States and former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy.

Kennedy was also the younger brother of U.S. Ambassador Caroline Kennedy.

Biography

Early life 
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. was born on November 25, 1960, at Medstar Georgetown University Hospital in Georgetown, Washington D.C., to then president-elect John F. Kennedy and socialite Jacqueline Kennedy. He had an older sister named Caroline Kennedy, who was born in 1957. Kennedy also had two other siblings named Arabella Kennedy and Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, but both died of premature birth.

On January 20, 1961, Kennedy's father inaugurated and became the 35th president of the United States when he was one month old. His family became the immediate new first family and moved into the White House.
During his childhood in the White House, he was often seen playing with his father in the Oval Office with his sister underneath the presidential desk. As a child, Kennedy was fascinated about helicopters and airplanes.

When Kennedy was two years old, his father was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. On November 25, his father's state funeral was held in Washington, D.C., on his third birthday, where he was accompanied by his family. During his father's state funeral, Kennedy rendered a salute to his father's casket, which later became a national symbol of his father's funeral.

On December 6, 1963, the Kennedy's officially moved out of the White House, moved back to Georgetown and later left from public life.
Education 
Kennedy and his family later moved to Manhattan in New York. Kennedy attended Saint David’s School, Collegiate School, and Phillips Academy. He graduated from Brown University in 1983 with a degree in American Studies. In 1989, Kennedy received a J.D. degree from the New York University School of Law.

Career 
From 1984 to 1988, Kennedy worked a regular job at the Office of Business Development after which he became a summer associate at a Los Angeles law firm with connections to the Democratic Party. He also pursued his passion in acting. In 1989, Kennedy headed the nonprofit group, Reaching Up, a nonprofit group providing opportunities to workers who help people with disabilities.
He passed the bar exam on the third attempt in July 1990, having failed twice before. For the next four years, Kennedy worked in the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office. In 1991, he won his first case as a prosecutor at the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office. During the summer of 1992, he also worked as a journalist.

In 1995, along with Michael Berman, Kennedy officially launched a politics, lifestyle, and fashion magazine called George. By 1997, the magazine suffered a rapid drop in sales and was eventually bought out by a french publisher.

Kennedy was also passionate about piloting and had been taking regular flying lessons. He received his pilot’s license in April 1998.

Marriage 
Kennedy married Calvin Klein publicist Carolyn Bessette on September 21, 1996, in Cumberland Island, Georgia, who was his then girlfriend in 1995.
Death 
On July 16, 1999, He was attempting to fly his helicopter from Fairfield, New Jersey to Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, to attend his cousin’s wedding. Kennedy, his wife, and his sister in law, died in a plane crash in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard. Their bodies were found by the U.S. Coast Guard, five days after the crash on July 21. On July 23, Kennedy's body was cremated and his ashes were later scattered across the sea.

Legacy 
A year after his death in 2000, Reaching Up and The City University of New York established the John F. Kennedy Jr. Institute. Kennedy had actively participated in humanitarian activities. Some of his efforts included building houses and distributing food in earthquakes and disaster zones in Guatemala, and co-founding a student discussion group focused on present-day issues such as apartheid, civil rights, and gun control.
Despite being born into a famous political family and in the media spotlight since birth, Kennedy preferred to live humbly and spend his life serving noble causes. While volunteering abroad he would live like the locals and during college, he lived off-campus in a shared house.

References 

American aviators
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Aviation deaths in the United States
Children of Presidents of the United States
Kennedy family
John F. Kennedy
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
American publishers
1960 births
1999 deaths
Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (31 October 1636 – 26 May 1679) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.

Biography

He was born in Munich and was the eldest son of Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria and Maria Anna of Austria a daughter of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. 

On 8 December 1650 he married Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, daughter of Victor Amadeus I of Savoy and Christine Marie of France. The couple had seven children. 

Still a minor he succeeded his father in 1651, his mother and his uncle Albert VI of Bavaria served as regents of Bavaria for three years.
Ferdinand Maria was crowned on 31 October 1654. He was an absolute monarch. He allied with France. Ferdinand Maria supported the wars of the Habsburgs against the Ottoman Empire with Bavarian forces (1662-1664). During the Franco-Dutch War since 1672 Bavaria became neutral. The marriage of his eldest daughter Maria Anna and her cousin Louis, Grand Dauphin in 1680 cemented the alliance with France. Ferdinand Maria modernised the army and introduced the first Bavarian local government code. He made Bavaria a rich nation. 

He died in Schleissheim Palace and was succeeded by his son Maximilian II Emanuel. He is buried at the Theatiner Church.

Issue
Issue

 Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (28 November 1660 – 20 April 1690) married Louis, Grand Dauphin and had issue; King Juan Carlos I of Spain descends from her.
 Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), next Elector of Bavaria; married Maria Antonia of Austria and had issue; married Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska and had issue.
 Luise Margarete Antonie of Bavaria.
 Ludwig Amadeus Victor of Bavaria.
 Kajetan Maria Franz of Bavaria.
 Joseph Clemens of Bavaria (5 December 1671 – 12 November 1723) Elector and Archbishop of Cologne.
 Violante Beatrice of Bavaria (3 April 1673 – 3 June 1731) married Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany.

1636 births
1679 deaths

People from Munich
German Roman Catholics
Dukes and duchesses
House of Wittelsbach
Electors and Electresses
Christian apologetics is a field of Christian theology that tries to find a rational basis for the Christian faith. There have been many people who tried to do this, including Paul of Tarsus, Origen, Augustine of Hippo and C. S. Lewis. Apologists base their arguments on historical evidence and philosophy, amongst others.

Apologetics
Christian genres
James Dennis Alan "Denny" Hamlin (born November 18, 1980 in Chesterfield, Virginia)
 is an American race car driver. Currently, he drives the No. 11 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series.

Career

Racing before NASCAR
Hamlin started his racing career in 1988, at the age of 7 years old, racing Go-Karts. At the age of 16, he was racing Ministocks. In his first stock car race, at Langley Speedway, Hamlin won the pole position, and won the race. In 2004, while racing full-time in Late Model Stock Cars, Hamlin was signed to a development program  with Joe Gibbs Racing.

NASCAR career
NASCAR career

2004-2006 
In 2004, Hamlin raced in five NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series (NCTS) races with the team EJP Racing. He finished tenth in his first race, at Indianopolis Raceway Park. He ran his first  ARCA RE/MAX Series race at Talladega Superspeedway, finishing third in the #10 Pontiac owned by Andy Hillenburg. His last start of the year came at Darlington Raceway, when he started his first Busch Series race. He started twenty-seventh but finished eighth in the #18 Joe Gibbs Driven Performance Oil Chevrolet.
Hamlin raced the full season in the #20 Rockwell Automation Chevrolet in the Busch Series. He finished 5th in the final championship points standings as a rookie in that series.  Hamlin also raced in his first Nextel Cup Series races in 2005, making his Cup first start at Kansas Speedway as driver of the #11 FedEx Chevrolet. He made seven starts in the Sprint Cup series in 2005. He finished the Sprint Cup season with three top 10 finishes in seven starts and one pole at Phoenix International Raceway.
In 2006, Hamlin raced his first full season in the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series. He also drove in the Busch Series full-time. In Hamlin's first race as a Nextel Cup driver, he won the 70-lap 2006 Budweiser Shootout. Hamlin became the first Rookie to win the Budweiser Shootout. Hamlin got his first career Busch Series win at Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez on March 5th 2006. On June 11 2006, Hamlin won his first career Nextel Cup Series race at the Pocono 500.  He got his second career win on July 23, in the Pennsylvania 500, also at Pocono Raceway. In the Nextel Cup Series, Hamlin won the Raybestos Rookie of the Year award and finished third in the final standings.

2007-2008
In 2007 Denny Hamlin finished 12th overall in the final standings in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. In the Nationwide Series, Hamlin won three races, Darlington, Michigan, and Dover in the #20 Rockwell Automation Chevy.
In 2008, Hamlin finished 8th in the Sprint Cup Series and won early in the season at Martinsville Speedway. He won three races in the Nationwide Series, driving both the #18 and #20 cars for Joe Gibbs Racing, as well as the #32 Dollar General/Haas Avocados car for Braun Racing.

2009

In 2009 Hamlin won his fifth career race at Pocono Raceway on August 3, 2009. The win was Hamlin's third at Pocono. It was an emotional win for Hamlin as his grandmother, Thelma Clark, died the Friday before the race.

Hamlin also won races at Martinsville Speedway, his home track Richmond International Raceway, and the last race of the year at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Hamlin ended the season 5th in the Sprint Cup Series points.

2010

On January 22, 2010, Denny Hamlin tore the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee while playing basketball. 
On March 27, 2010 Hamlin said he was going to have surgery on his left knee the next Monday. If he did not have the surgery, his knee would have been injured worse.
Three weeks after his surgery on April 19, 2010, Hamlin won the race at Texas Motor Speedway. It was the 10th win of his career.

Later in the season Hamlin finished 43rd in a race at Atlanta Motor Speedway. This was the first time that Denny Hamlin finished last in a race. This race moved Hamlin into 10th place in the Sprint Cup Series points, and made sure he would have a place in the championship race. Denny Hamlin won 8 races in the 2010 Sprint Cup Series but finished the season 2nd in Sprint Cup Series points behind Jimmie Johnson.

2011
After a strong second place finish in 2010, 2011 was not a very good year for Denny Hamlin. Hamlin had mechanical problems many times in 2011, and this hurt his chances at finishing well in the points. Hamlin only won one race in 2011, and finished the season 9th in the points standing.

References

Other websites 
Denny Hamlin's official website
Joe Gibbs Racing's Official Denny Hamlin Website
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Virginia
1980 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four major ligaments of the human knee. The injury of this ligament is the most common one of the knee. Many athletes suffer from this condition. Moving the knee sideways or rotating it can cause this ligament to strain or tear. Tears will almost always require surgery to repair.

Skeletal system
The post-transition metals, also known as the poor metals, is a group of metals on the periodic table. They are to the right of the transition metals. The Group 12 elements are sometimes included. Sometimes germanium and antimony are included, although they are normally considered metalloids. They normally have higher electronegativities than the transition metals. Their melting points are lower, too. They are generally softer than other metals. They include lead, tin and other softer metals.

Examples
Aluminium
Gallium
Lead
Tin
Thallium
Indium
Bismuth
Polonium
Lead(II) sulfide, also known as plumbuus sulfide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is PbS. It contains lead and sulfide ions. The lead is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Lead(II) sulfide is a black solid. It does not react with acids. It reacts with air at a high temperature to make lead(II) oxide. It is one of the least toxic forms of lead. This does not mean that it is not toxic, though. It is the result of a test for hydrogen sulfide. Paper soaked in lead(II) acetate is passed through hydrogen sulfide. The colorless lead(II) acetate turns black.

Preparation
It can be made by reacting hydrogen sulfide with lead(II) acetate or lead(II) nitrate. This makes a black solid.

Occurrence
It is found as the mineral galena. Galena is a little shinier.

Uses
It was once used as a black pigment. Now it is mainly used in infrared detectors.

Related pages
Lead(II) chloride
Lead(II) sulfate

Lead compounds
Sulfur compounds
Lead(IV) acetate, also known as plumbic acetate, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Pb(C2H3O2)4. It contains lead and acetate ions. The lead is in its +4 oxidation state.

Properties
Lead(IV) acetate is a colorless or pink solid. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It reacts with water.

Preparation
It can be made by reacting lead(II,IV) oxide with acetic acid.

Uses
Lead(IV) acetate is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used to add lead to other organic compounds.

Related pages
Lead(II) acetate
Lead(IV) oxide
Lead(II) chloride

Lead compounds
Lead(II) bromide, also known as plumbous bromide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is PbBr2. It contains lead and bromide ions. The lead is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Lead(II) bromide is a white solid. It only dissolves a little in water. It melts to make a liquid that conducts a little electricity. It is toxic because it has lead in it.

Preparation
It can be made by reacting lead(II) nitrate or lead(II) acetate with hydrobromic acid or any other bromide.

Related pages
Lead(II) chloride
Lead(II) sulfate

Lead compounds
Bromine compounds
Lead(II) sulfate, also known as plumbous sulfate, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is PbSO4. It contains lead and sulfate ions. The lead is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Lead(II) sulfate is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It is toxic because it has lead in it. It does not dissolve in sulfuric acid.

Preparation
Lead(II) sulfate is made in a lead acid battery by normal usage. It can be made by reacting lead(II) acetate or lead(II) nitrate with any sulfate. It is found as a mineral named anglesite. This mineral is made when galena is oxidized.

Related pages
Lead(II) sulfide
Lead(IV) acetate

Lead compounds
Sulfur compounds
Anderson Hays Vanderbilt Cooper (born June 3, 1967) is an American journalist. He is an anchor on CNN. He hosts Anderson Cooper 360° and the syndicated daytime talk show, Anderson Live.

Early life 
Cooper was born in New York City. His mother is Gloria Vanderbilt; his father was Wyatt Emory Cooper. Cooper's great-great-great-grandfather was Cornelius Vanderbilt, a 19th-century American businessman and slave owner.

Personal life 
On July 2, 2012, Cooper came out as gay.

References

1967 births
Living people
American television news anchors
Gay men
Journalists from New York City
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT journalists
LGBT people from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
Writers from New York City
American bloggers
People with dyslexia
American LGBT writers
Contra (known as Probotector in Europe) is a 1987 arcade shooting video game. The player plays as Bill Rizer (player 1) or Lance Bean (player 2), as they try to stop and evil extraterrestrial terrorist organization Red Falcon from taking over the planet Earth and making the human species extinct.

Gameplay

Either Bill or Lance is chosen. The player has a rifle with no limit to the number of times it can shoot. However, the player dies after being hit by an enemy once.

The game has ten stages. For each stage, the player must shoot out the sensors before moving on. A player has 3 lives, and when all of them are lost, the game ends. In the arcade version, the player can continue a few times.

There are three types of stages:

Side-scroller
3-D
Boss

Most stages are side-scroller stages, though Contra stages follow a basic pattern.

1987 video games
A small arm is a gun that is small enough to be carried and used by one person. This includes pistols, shotguns, and rifles. Artillery means larger guns that can need more than one person to operate.

Firearms
Ryan Caldwell (born June 15, 1981 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Schwenninger Wild Wings of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He has also played for the New York Islanders and Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL), the DEG Metro Stars, Eisbären Berlin, and Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers of the DEL, and Ässät and Lukko of the SM-liiga.

As an amateur he was an All-American defenceman and captained the University of Denver Pioneers to the 2004 NCAA Championship.

Other websites

1981 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
Living people
New York Islanders players
Phoenix Coyotes players
United States Hockey League players
Aaron G. MacKenzie (born March 7, 1981, in Terrace Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played briefly in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Colorado Avalanche.

MacKenzie made his NHL debut with the Avalanche in a 4-1 win against the Vancouver Canucks. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2015.

Career statistics

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
Living people
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Colorado Avalanche players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Lake Erie Monsters players
Peoria Rivermen (AHL) players
Worcester IceCats players
ECHL players
United States Hockey League players
Cornelius Dennis "Mad Dog" Madigan (born October 4, 1934, in Port Arthur, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman notable for being the oldest rookie in National Hockey League history.

After playing several years in senior leagues in Ontario and British Columbia in the late 1950s, Madigan had a long career as a minor league star, most notably with the Fort Wayne Komets of the International Hockey League for three seasons in the early 1960s, and then for the Portland Buckaroos of the Western Hockey League for nine seasons.  He won accolades as First Team league All-Star in 1960, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1969, Second Team All-Star in 1965, 1971 and 1972, as well as winning best defenceman honors in 1966.
In the 1972–73 NHL season, the St. Louis Blues of the NHL bought Madigan's rights from the Buckaroos, and he joined the Blues in January 1973 at the age of 38, becoming the oldest rookie ever.  He played for the Blues in twenty regular-season games and five playoff games, before finishing his career with Portland in parts of the two successive seasons.

At the time of his retirement, Madigan was second in minor league history in career penalty minutes, and is still 62nd in that category.

In addition to Madigan's hockey career, he had a minor role in the 1977 cult classic movie Slap Shot as legendary hockey goon Ross "Mad Dog" Madison.

References

Other websites
 

1934 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Central Professional Hockey League players
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Providence Reds players
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
St. Louis Blues players
JaVale McGee (born January 19, 1988 in Flint, Michigan) is an American basketball player that currently plays for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He went to University of Nevada, Reno for college where he played for the Nevada Wolf Pack. McGee was drafted by the Washington Wizards with the 18th overall pick in the 1st round of the 2008 NBA Draft. McGee also participated in the 2011 NBA Slam Dunk Contest where he finished in second place, losing to Blake Griffin. During the 2012-2013 season, he one the "Shaqtin A Fool Mvp". He was the first player to dunk three basketballs at one time in a dunk contest. On March 15, 2012, He was traded by the Wizards to the Denver Nuggets for Nenê. McGee's father was George Montgomery who was also a NBA player and his mother is Pamela McGee who was a WNBA player which made McGee the first son of an WNBA player to play in the NBA.

References

Other websites
JaVale McGee's NBA player profile
1988 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Golden State Warriors players
Washington Wizards players
Sportspeople from Flint, Michigan
American basketball players
Kevin Wesley Love (born September 7, 1988 in Santa Monica, California) is an American basketball player that currently plays for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He used to play for the Minnesota Timberwolves. He went to UCLA for college where he played for the UCLA Bruins basketball team.

He is the son of former NBA player Stan Love and the nephew of founding Beach Boys member Mike Love.

1988 births
Basketball players from California
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Living people
Minnesota Timberwolves players
Sportspeople from Santa Monica, California
The western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) is a large and very common kangaroo or macropod. It lives right across the southern part of Australia. They live from just south of Shark Bay in Western Australia to western Victoria. In South Australia they live along the coast. They also live in the Murray-Darling Basin in New South Wales and Queensland.  The subspecies on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, is called the Kangaroo Island kangaroo.

Description
The western grey kangaroo is one of the largest kangaroos. It weighs 28–54 kg and its length is 0.84-1.1m with a 80–100 cm tail, and is about 1.3m tall. It has sexual dimorphism with the male up to twice the size of female. It has thick, coarse fur with colour ranging from pale grey to brown. It has a paler color on its throat, chest and belly. It feeds at night, mainly on grasses but also on leafy shrubs and low trees. It has a nickname Stinker because mature males have a curry-like odour.
Classification
Long known to the Aboriginal people of Australia, for Europeans, the western grey was the centre of a great deal of sometimes comical taxonomic confusion for almost 200 years. It was first noted by European settlers when the great explorer Matthew Flinders landed on Kangaroo Island in 1802. Flinders shot several for food but assumed that they were eastern grey kangaroos. In 1803 French explorers captured several Kangaroo Island Western Greys and shipped them home to Paris, where they lived in the zoological gardens for some years. Eventually, researchers at the Paris Museum of Natural History recognised that these animals were indeed different and formally described the species as Macropus fuliginosus in 1817. Unfortunately, for reasons that remain unclear, it was described as native to Tasmania.
There the matter rested for over 100 years, and it was not until 1917 that researchers realised that the "forester kangaroo" of Tasmania was in fact Macropus giganteus, the same western grey kangaroo that was, and still is, widespread in the more fertile south-eastern part of the mainland. By 1971, it was understood that the Kangaroo Island species was the same as the kangaroos of southern Western Australia, and that this population extended through much of the eastern part of the continent as well. For a time, three subspecies were described, two on the mainland and one on Kangaroo Island. Finally, by the early 1990s, the current understanding emerged.

Subspecies

There are two subspecies of the western grey: Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus which lives on Kangaroo Island, and Macropus fuliginosus melanops, which has a range of different types that change gradually from west to east.
The western grey does not live in the tropical north or the fertile south-east of Australia. The eastern grey does not live over the NSW-South Australia border, but the two species are both common in the Murray-Darling Basin area. They never interbreed in the wild, although hybrids between eastern grey females and western grey males have been produced in captivity.

The western grey kangaroo is also called the black-faced kangaroo, mallee kangaroo, sooty kangaroo and carno kangaroo.

References

Macropods
Marsupials of Australia
Traditional animation is much harder than today's style of animation. It often uses a stop-motion camera to "liven", or animate, the photos made by the producer. When movie-makers use stop-motion, they need to draw one picture for every scene. However, there are tools to help save time with movie-making. Other types of animation, such as limited or digital animation, can also be used now. FPS is the number of times a movie is shot in one second.

Process

Filming
The photographer first shoots out or edits many photos. These photos are combined to make the storyline. And as with all movies, not all scenes make it into the final movie.

Editing
Many people help out in the editing of a movie. But in old times, people had to draw the scenes on their own. Then the stop-motion camera took a photo of a scene once a second.
Involvement
Most movies or cartoons in the 1950's required very hard work of the editors. To make things cheaper, though, people made limited animation that used two to three copies of the same image (so the stop-motion process would be two to three times faster.)

Current
Right now movie-makers use digital animation to "liven the movie even more". Movies from the 2000 to 2010 years are usually 1–2 hours long.

Common units

FPS
FPS, or frames per second, is the number of scenes being shot in one second. The higher this is, the more "smooth" the film looks. Most movies have an FPS of 24 to 60.

Tools

Cels
Cels, or celluloids, are tools used to "preserve" scenes. An editor uses a cell to draw a scene then make changes to it on the next drawing. It is useful when a cartoon or movie involves moving figures or objects.
Sketcher
Sometimes a sketch pad is used to draft the scenes the editors think would be good in the movie. A sketchpad at first may contain a comic book that looks like an animation when the editors flip it back and forth.

Live video shower
Often editors preview the animation with a video shower. On the stream of scenes, movie-makers test their animation and fix bugs or problems.

Related pages
 Animation
 Anime

References

Animation
Milarepa (c. 1052—1135) is the most famous yogi, poet and Buddhist saint of Tibet. A collection of his teachings in the form of poetic songs called The Hundred Thousand songs of Milarepa, and his biography The Life of Milarepa are two of the most popular books in Tibet.

Milarepa was a student of Marpa and the teacher of Gampopa. Together these three (Marpa, Milarepa and Gampopa) are considered to be the founders of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Life
Milarepa was born in the village of Kya Ngatsa in the Gungthang province of western Tibet to a family of farmers. He was named Mila Thöpaga, which means "Mila, a joy to hear."  When his father died, Milarepa's uncle and aunt took all of the family's wealth and property and mistreated Milarepa, his mother and sister. At his mother's urging, Milarepa left home and studied magic so that he could take revenge on his uncle and aunt.
Mila later came to regret his evil actions and so became determined to practice the Buddha's teachings. Setting out to find a teacher, he was eventually led to Marpa the translator. Marpa proved a harsh task master. Before Marpa would teach Mila, he had him build and then demolish three towers in turn and go through many other trials. Eventually Mila was granted the teachings of the Six Yogas of Naropa and Mahamudra.  After practicing these teacings very diligently for twelve years in remote Himalayan caves of Tibet and Nepal, Mila attained the complete enlightenment. He is said to be the first to achieve this state within one lifetime. During his meditation practice he ate mostly nettle soup which made his skin turn green, and wore only a single cotton robe. He became known as Milarepa, which means the "Mila, the cotton clad one".
Later Milarepa become a wandering teacher and attracted many disciples, of whom the most well known were Rechungpa and Gampopa. Rechungpa followed the yogic lifestyle of his teacher while Gampopa, a Kadampa monk, eventually established a monastery a Daglha Gampo which became the first Kagyu institution. Later Gampopa's immediate disciples and their successors established the various branches of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Further reading

 The Life of Milarepa, translated by Andrew Quintman, Penguin Classics, 2010, 
 The Life of Milarepa, translated by Lobsang P. Lhalungpa, Book Faith India, 1997, 
 Milarepa, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa, translated by Garma C.C. Chang, City Lights Books, 1999,

References

1052 births
1135 deaths
Tibetan Buddhism
The Pillars of the Earth is a history novel set in the 12th century written in 1989 by Ken Follett. The book is currently being made into a film of four parts. 2007 Ken Follett published a sequel to the book entitled ''World Without End.

1989 books
British novels
Historical novels
A galactic quadrant  is one of four sectors of the Milky Way galaxy.

A galactic quadrant is also a fictional area in the television show Star Trek. In the television show the Milky Way Galaxy is split into four sections. These sections are the Alpha Quadrant, Beta Quadrant, Gamma Quadrant, and Delta Quadrant.

Astronomy
Milky Way
Star Trek
Sullivan began taking guitar lessons at age three. He has studied with Brian Cass of The Overclock Orchestra and the Toe Jam Puppet Band as well as Stan Belmarce. The first original song he wrote with Chris Waters was titled "Sing, Dance, Clap Your Hands". Sullivan first gained national media attention at age six when he appeared on The Ellen Degeneres Show. Sullivan gained more notoriety when Buddy Guy asked him to come on stage and play during a performance at the Zeiterion Theater in New Bedford, Massachusetts, in 2007. Quinn has since performed on stage with Guy as well as with B.B. King and has played in venues such as the Beacon Theatre in New York City, the Orpheum Theatre in Boston, and Buddy Guy’s Legends in Chicago. In 2008, Sullivan appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and was featured on NBC's The Today Show in July 2009
. In 2009, Sullivan opened for Buddy Guy on his East Coast tour during the summer, played his own set at the popular summer music festival Lollapalooza, as well as the Austin City Limits Festival in October.
Sullivan makes a guest appearance on Buddy Guy’s Grammy-nominated album Skin Deep, released in 2008.  Sullivan's solo can be heard on the track “Who’s Gonna Fill Those Shoes”.  Sullivan's single, "Summer of Love", was released in 2009.

References 
"8-year-old guitarist jams with Buddy Guy at 'Z'" (South Coast Today) 
"Jerry Lee Lewis knocks 'em dead at the 'Z'" (South Coast Today) 
Quinn's Father's Band: "18 years on ... The PEARLY BAKER BAND keeps on truckin' " (South Coast Today)
Local guitar prodigy ready to rock Oprah 
 
opening for Buddy Guy at Legends 2011

Other websites
Official website

1999 births
Living people
American guitarists
Musicians from Massachusetts
The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.
Yellowfin is often marketed as ahi, from its name ʻahi although the name ʻahi in Hawaiian also refers to the closely related bigeye tuna. Although the species name albacares might suggest otherwise, the fish usually known as albacore is a different species of tuna. The yellowfin tuna is sometimes referred to as albacore by French and Portuguese fishermen. It is the National fish of the Maldives.

Scombriformes
National symbols of the Maldives
Edible fish
Chowder is the name of a soup usually made with fish or mussels. It is especially popular in the United States. There is also many types of chowder: corn chowder, Bermuda fish chowder, clam chowder.

Soups
Sir Malcolm Leslie Rifkind (born 21 June 1946) is a British Conservative Party politician. He hold cabinet positions in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major. He was the Chairman for the Intelligence and Security Committee and the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Kensington.

Malcolm Rifkind was born in Edinburgh into a Jewish family from Lithuania. He first became a Conservative MP at the February 1974 General Election for the constituency of Edinburgh Pentlands. He was first made a cabinet minister in 1979 and served constantly through 18 years of Conservative government. 

His cabinet posts included: 

Minister of Home Affairs and the Environment at the Scottish Office (1979 - 1983) 
Minister of State at the Foreign Office (1983 - 1986)
Secretary of State for Scotland (1986 - 1990)
Secretary of State for Transport (1990 - 1992)
Secretary of State for Defence (1992 - 1995)
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1995 - 1997)
At the 1997 General Election, Malcolm Rifkind lost his seat to the Labour Party. He tried but failed to regain the seat at the 2001 General Election and re-entered parliament in 2005 as the MP for Kensington. Rifkind left parliament in 2015.

References 

1946 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Jewish British politicians
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Edinburgh
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Secretaries of State for Scotland
Brandon Jennings (born September 23, 1989 in Compton, California) is an American basketball player. He  plays point guard for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played basketball in Italy for Lottomatica Roma of the Italian Lega A.

African-American basketball players
Milwaukee Bucks players
Basketball players from California
1989 births
Living people
People from Compton, California
American basketball players
The red wolf (Canis rufus) is a subspecies of wolf. It is an endangered species of wolf from  Eastern North America. 

Red wolves were declared extinct in the wild in 1980 after the few remaining wild wolves were placed in a captive breeding program. Reintroduced to the wild in 1987 in northeastern North Carolina, red wolves began to recover, but the population is rapidly diminishing as of late 2016. 

The red wolf is smaller than a gray wolf and larger than a coyote. It is slender and long-legged, and it lives in the wild only on the Albemarle Peninsula in North Carolina. It hunts small mammals, rodents, and white-tailed deer. 

There is a lot of controversy about its taxonomy, which is not settled yet. 

Wolves
Mammals of North America
The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is a small mammal, one of nine species in the genus Leopardus.

Normally it lives in South and Central America, as far up as Mexico. It has been reported as far north as Texas and in Trinidad, in the Caribbean. These fast cats eat small mammals, birds, fish, and snakes. They are very good swimmers.

Once hunted for its beautiful fur, the cat is now protected and listed as 'least concern' by the IUCN Red List. The cat is nocturnal and likes forests and dense vegetation. It is very territorial, and will fight to keep its territory. Like many cats, male ocelots mark their territory by spraying urine.

Their kittens grow slowly, staying with their mother for up to two years. They have to learn how to catch prey before they can be independent.
Although a "small cat", it is a good deal bigger than the others. The ocelot ranges from  in length, plus  in tail length, and typically weighs . Larger ones have been reported. It is the largest of the generally dainty Leopardus wild cat genus.

References 

Felines
Mammals of South America
An iteration is a step where some action is repeated again and again. In everyday life, an iteration is simply a repeated action, for example when someone says, "Do I have to reiterate myself?". In this case, the reiteration is what the person said and might say again. In computer science, an iteration is one run through a block of code that is repeated multiple times. In fractal geometry, an iteration is one application of the set of rules of the fractal to create another stage of the fractal. it is also used in computer programming.

Related pages 
Recursion

Computer programming
The solar plexus is a nerve plexus in the abdomen at the center of the body. The plexus is a complex of nerves which serves various organs in the central part of the body. It is also known as the celiac plexus Celiac plexus.

Torso
Nervous system
Dennis Brain (born 17 May 1921; died London, 1 September 1957) was a British horn player. During his short life he became world-famous. Many people thought of him as the greatest horn player ever. He made the horn very popular among classical music lovers in Britain.  His recordings include the four horn concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart which he recorded with the Philharmonia Orchestra conducted by Herbert von Karajan.

Life

Early years
Dennis Brain was born in London on 17 May 1921.   Several of his family were horn players, including his father Aubrey, his grandfather Alfred Edwin Brain Sr and his uncle Alfred Edwin Brain Jr.   His mother Marion was a singer who had sung at Covent Garden.  He had a brother Leonard who was 6 years older and who was to become an excellent oboe player.
Dennis started to learn the piano.  He also played bugle in the school cadet band at Richmond Hill Preparatory School.  From there he was sent to St Paul’s School in Kensington where he sang in the choir and played piano solos at concerts.  In 1936 he left school and got a scholarship to the  Royal Academy of Music where he learned the horn with his father as well as the piano and, from 1938, the organ.  He learned a lot from his organ teacher G.D.Cunningham who had taught his uncle Alfred the piano some 40 years before.

Dennis’s first professional concert was at the Queen’s Hall in 1938 when he played Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto no 1 together with his father (there are important solo parts for two horns in this music).  Soon he was playing in other concerts and making gramophone recordings.
The war years
The outbreak of World War II in 1939 interrupted his last year of studies.  All theatre halls and concert-halls were closed.  He managed to get a job as principal horn with the RAF Central Band which were in Uxbridge in north-west London.  Dennis was always a very friendly person who got on well with everybody.  The older players in the band might not have liked a 17-year-old boy to have a principal’s job, but everybody realized he had exceptional skills.  He played in concerts whenever possible.  There were lunch-hour concerts in the National Gallery during the war, and he often played in these.  He started to become famous.  He met Benjamin Britten and he persuaded him to compose his Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings.  He performed it in 1943 with the tenor  Peter Pears and they recorded it for Decca in 1944.  He toured the USA with the RAF Orchestra.  Several conductors heard him and wanted Brain to join their orchestra.
After the war 
By 1945, Brain was the most famous horn player in England. He was still only 24. His father hurt himself in a fall and could not play much.  Dennis took over some of his work.  After the war two new orchestras were formed in London: the Philharmonia and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.  Brain was made  principal horn player in both. Later, he left the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra because he did not have time.

Brain played a lot of chamber music, forming a wind quintet with his brother in 1946. This group got bigger and toured to  Germany, Italy and Austria. Brain also started a trio with the pianist Wilfrid Parry and violinist Jean Pougnet. The trio toured Scotland twice and there were plans to tour Australia in the winter of 1957.
In November 1953 Brain recorded the Mozart Horn Concertos Nos. 1–4 for EMI with the Philharmonia Orchestra with Karajan conducting.  He kept up his organ playing (his teacher had hoped he would become an organist) and in July 1954, again conducted by Karajan, Brain performed the organ part in a recording of the Easter hymn from Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana.

In 1955 Brain became known to millions of people when he presented a radio program called The Early Horn.

Brain had a good sense of humour.  Among the many concerts he played in was a music festival in 1956 which celebrated the life of Gerard Hoffnung, the artist who had drawn many cartoons about music.  Dennis played a Leopold Mozart horn concerto by blowing through rubber hose pipes.  He cut the hose to the length he needed with garden shears so that it was perfectly in tune.
Brain was known for being careless. The horn he played for many years had lots of dents in it because he kept knocking it or dropping it. Benjamin Britten gave him a second copy of music for a new work he had written. Inside he wrote: "For Dennis - in case he loses the other one". His Alexander horn was badly damaged in his fatal crash.  Normally it would have been thrown away, but it was saved and was restored by Paxmans of London and can be seen in the Royal Academy of Music's free museum.
New works
Brain often asked composers to write new works for him to perform. Many composers wrote for him without even being asked. Among them were Benjamin Britten Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, Canticle III, Malcolm Arnold Horn Concerto No. 2, Paul Hindemith Concerto for Horn and Orchestra, York Bowen Concerto for Horn, Strings and Timpani, Peter Racine Fricker Horn Sonata (Dennis was at school with Peter), Gordon Jacob Concerto for Horn and String Orchestra, Mátyás Seiber Notturno for Horn and Strings, Humphrey Searle Aubade for Horn and Strings, Ernest Tomlinson Rhapsody and Rondo for Horn and Orchestra, Romance and Rondo for Horn and Orchestra, Lennox Berkeley  Trio for Horn, Violin and Piano and Elisabeth Lutyens.

Brain also made the two horn concertos by Richard Strauss very popular. He was the second to perform the Horn Concerto No. 2 in public in 1948.
His hobby: motoring
Apart from horns Dennis had one big passion: he loved cars.  At orchestral rehearsals he often had a car magazine on the music stand instead of his music (he knew the music from memory anyway).  His first car was an open Morris 8 with two seats.  He shared it during the war with his brother to motor from Uxbridge into London.  Later he had several cars.  Whenever a car did not work he bought another instead of repairing it.  He loved to drive and would often drive all the way home after a concert even if it was 100s of miles.   Elisabeth Schwarzkopf let him drive her huge Hudson saloon car over the Gotthard Pass in Switzerland when it was officially closed because of heavy snow.  On another occasion Herbert von Karajan let him drive his Mercedes 300SL.  Once he bought a very rare 1939 12-cylinder Lagonda, but he soon crashed it and it could not be repaired.  Other cars included a Citroen and a green TR2 sports car.

His death
His death

On 31 August 1957 Dennis was at the Edinburgh Festival playing a concert in the Usher Hall.  The Philharmonia Orchestra were playing Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 6, Pathétique with the conductor Eugene Ormandy.  Unusually that day he seemed tired and Ormandy told him he should get more rest.  But Dennis had a recording session the next morning in London, so after the concert he got into his car (his TR2), put his horn on the back seat and set off on the 380-mile journey back home.

It was about 6.00am the next morning when he was near London.  It was raining heavily and he was on the A1 at the Barnet by-pass.  According to witnesses he was travelling very fast when he came to a bend, the car left the road, turned over and crashed into a tree.  The car was a complete wreck.  Dennis was dead. He was 36 years old. He was buried at Hampstead Cemetery in London.
His fame and playing
Whenever Dennis played his horn is sounded easy and effortless.  It had an extraordinary lyrical beauty and was always incredibly musical.  He was a very sensitive player who listened very carefully to the other players and blended in with them.  At first he played a French instrument, a Raoux piston-valve horn, similar to that used by his father. This type of instrument has a lovely smooth tone, but was less powerful than the German-made instruments which had become popular since the 1920s. In 1951 he changed to single B instrument made by Alexander, which was not quite as wide as the usual German instruments, still keeping the lighter sound of French horns.

Dennis had made the horn very popular as an instrument, not just through his concerts and recordings but also through the radio.  He played difficult music that other horn players could not play.  His Mozart recordings inspired Flanders and Swann's Ill Wind and his classical playing.  His sudden death added to the musical legend.
References
Oxford Music Online retrieved 21.11.2010
 Pettitt, Stephen. 1976. Dennis Brain: a biography''. London: Robert Hale. 

1921 births
1957 deaths
British classical horn players
Aubrey Brain (born London 12 July 1893; died London 21 September 1955) was a British French horn player.  There were a lot of French horn players in his family.  His father, Alfred Edwin Brain senior, played in Henry Wood’s orchestra at the very first prom in 1895.  Later he played for the London Symphony Orchestra.   His brother, also called Alfred Edwin Brain, was principal horn player in Henry Wood’s Queen’s Hall Orchetra, but then he emigrated to the USA where he eventually played for the Los Angeles Philharmonic.  His son Dennis Brain was to become the most famous French horn player of all.

Life
Aubrey  Brain was born in London in 1893.  He started to learn the horn from his father.  In 1911 he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music.  He soon became one of Britain’s best horn players.  The other great players of the French horn were his father, his elder brother and Adolf Borsdorf.  He became principal horn player of the Beecham Opera Company.  There he met Marion Beeley, a mezzo-soprano.  They married in the summer of 1914 just before the World War I.  When war broke out he joined the Welsh Guards and played horn in the band. After the war it was difficult for him at first to find a really good job as horn player .  The best horn jobs were already taken by his brother Alfred.  Aubrey and Marion had two sons: Leonard (born 1915) and Dennis (born 1921).  However, in 1922 Alfred emigrated to the United States.  Aubrey soon became first horn of the Royal Philharmonic Society (his father played second horn), and first horn of the Queen’s Hall Orchestra