Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 423  Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (b. 384)
 465  Libius Severus, Roman Emperor
 778  Roland, Frankish commander
 1038  King Stephen I of Hungary
 1040  King Duncan I of Scotland
 1057  King Macbeth of Scotland
 1118  Alexios I Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1048)
 1196  Conrad II, Duke of Swabia (b. 1173)
 1274  Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and educator (b. 1201)
 1369  Philippa of Hainault, Queen consort of Edward III of England
 1464  Pope Pius II (b. 1405)
 1528  Odet de Foix, French general (b. 1485)
 1552  Hermann of Wied, German archbishop (b. 1477)
 1621  John Barclay, Scottish poet (b. 1582)
 1714  Constantin Brancoveanu, Romanian prince (b. 1654)
 1728  Marin Marais, French composer (b. 1656)
 1758  Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician (b. 1698)
 1799  Giuseppe Parini, Italian poet (b. 1729)
 1860  Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Grand Duchess of Russia (b. 1781)
1901  2000 
 1904  John Henry Kinkead, Governor of Nevada (b. 1826)
 1909  Euclides da Cunha, Brazilian author, publicist and engineer (b. 1866)
 1925  Konrad Magi, Estonian artist (b. 1878)
 1931  Nigar Shikhlinskaya, Azerbaijani World War I nurse (b. 1878)
 1933  Christie Fuller, Australia Singer
 1935  Paul Signac, French painter (b. 1863)
 1935  Wiley Post, American pilot (b. 1898)
 1935  Will Rogers, American humorist and actor (b. 1879)
 1936  Grazia Deledda, Italian writer (b. 1871)
 1941  Josef Jakobs, German spy (b. 1898)
 1942  Mahadev Desai, Indian activist and writer (b. 1892)
 1945  Korechika Anami, Japanese Minister of War (b. 1887)
 1951  Artur Schnabel, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1882)
 1953  Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist (b. 1875)
 1962  Lei Feng, Chinese soldier (b. 1940)
 1963  Henry John Burnett, last person to be hanged in Scotland (b. 1942)
 1964  Dr. Atl, Mexican painter and writer (b. 1875)
 1967  René Magritte, Belgian painter (b. 1898)
1967  Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (b. 1889)
 1971  Paul Lukas, Hungarian-born actor (b. 1887)
 1974  Yuk Young-soo, First Lady of South Korea (b. 1925)
 1975  Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1920)
 1982  Hugo Theorell, Swedish scientist (b. 1903)
 1989  Minoru Genda, Japanese military aviator and politician (b. 1904)
 1989  Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, Greek army officer (b. 1897)
 1990  Viktor Tsoi, Russian singer (b. 1962)
From 2001 
 2001  Richard Chelimo, Kenyan runner (b. 1972)
 2004  Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist (b. 1916)
 2004  Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat (b. 1941)
 2006  Te Atairangi Kaahu, Maori Queen (b. 1931)
 2006  Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer (b. 1923)
 2007  John Gofman, American scientist (b. 1918)
 2011  Rick Rypien, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1984)
 2012  Harry Harrison, American science fiction writer (b. 1925)
 2012  Biff Elliot, American actor (b. 1923)
 2013  Marich Man Singh Shrestha, former Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1942)
 2013  Slawomir Mrozek, Polish author and playwright (b. 1930)
 2013  Jacques Vergès, French lawyer (b. 1925)
 2014  Licia Albanese, Italian-American soprano (b. 1913)
 2014  Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1913)
 2014  James Freeman Gilbert, American geophysicist (b. 1931)
 2014  James Cama, American martial artist and teacher (b. 1957)
 2015  Rafael Chirbes, Spanish writer (b. 1949)
2015  Julian Bond, American social activist (b. 1940)
 2016  Dalian Atkinson, English footballer (b. 1968)
 2016  Stefan Henze, German slalom canoeist (b. 1981)
 2017  Gunnar Birkerts, Latvian-born American architect (b. 1925)
 2017  Vern Ehlers, American politician (b. 1932)
 2017  Abdirahman Jama Barre, Somali politician (b. 1937)
 2018  Rita Borsellino, Italian anti-Mafia activist and politician (b. 1945)
 2018  François Garnier, French Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1944)
 2018  Albert Millaire, Canadian actor (b. 1935)
 2019  Eddie Marlin, American wrestler and promoter (b. 1930)
 2019  Qin Hanzhang, Chinese engineer and food scientist (b. 1908)
 2019  Antonio Rastrelli, Italian politician (b. 1927)
 2019  Vidya Sinha, Indian actress (b. 1947)
 2019  Glenn Tasker, Australian sports columnist (b. 1951)
 2019  Wrestling Pro, American professional wrestler (b. 1938)
Observances 
 Independence Day in India, Bahrain and the Republic of the Congo
 Liberation Day in South Korea
 VJ Day, marking the end of World War II in East Asia
 Assumption of Mary – Roman Catholic Church and other churches in Western Christianity
 Ferragosto (Italy)
 National Day of Liechtenstein
 Mother's Day (Costa Rica)

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 29 BC  Octavian celebrates the second of his three consecutive triumphs in Rome after his victory over the Dalmatians.
 1040  Macbeth kills King Duncan I of Scotland, and crowns himself King of Scotland.
 1352  War of the Breton Succession: The Anglo-Britons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron.
 1385  The Battle of Aljubarrota is fought, in which forces of King John I of Portugal defeat those of King John I of Castile.
 1415  Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Battle of Ceuta.
 1502  Christopher Columbus lands in present-day Honduras; this is the first time he sets foot on the mainland of the Americas.
 1592  Imjin War: Battle of Hansan Island - Admiral Yi Sun-sin decisively defeats the Japanese Navy at Hansan Island.
 1762  English forces take Havana, Cuba during the Seven Years' War.
 1816  The United Kingdom annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the South Atlantic.
 1842  Seminole Native Americans are forced from Florida to Oklahoma.
1848  The Oregon territory is created by an act of the United States Congress.
 1880  After taking more than 600 years, the construction of Cologne Cathedral is completed.
 1885  Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of rust-proof paint.
 1888  Danish passenger steamer Geiser sinks off Sable Island after a collision with a ship of the same shipping line, killing 118 people.
 1893  France introduces motor vehicle registration.
 1900  The Eight-Nation Alliance occupy Beijing, China, in an attempt to end of the Boxer Rebellion.
1901  2000 
 1912  US marines land in Nicaragua to support the US-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya had resigned three years earlier.
 1914  The Big Hole Diamond mine in South Africa is closed.
 1916  World War I: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary.
 1917  World War I: China declares war on Germany.
 1921  Tannu Uriankhai, later the Tuvan People's Republic, is established as a completely independent country, supported by Soviet Russia.
 1933  Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later becoming known as the forest fire of Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5.
 1935  The Social Security Act creates a government pension for retired people in the United States.
 1936  Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, in the last public execution in the United States.
 1941  World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of War, stating postwar aims.
1945  World War II: Japan accepts Allied terms of surrender  and the Emperor, Hirohito, records the Imperial Rescription surrender.
 1945  Philippe Pétain, leader of Vichy France, is sentenced to death.
 1947  Partition of India: Pakistan, a new Islamic state, becomes independent from the United Kingdom, and consists of West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh).
 1958  A propeller plane operated by the Dutch airline KLM crashes into the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland.
 1959  The American Football League is founded.
 1969  Operation Banner: British troops are deployed to Northern Ireland.
 1971  Bahrain declares its independence.
 1972  A plane crash, of an Ilyushin II-62, in East Berlin kills 156 people.
 1973  The Pakistan Constitution of 1973 goes into effect.
 1974  The Second Turkish invasion of Cyprus begins. 140,000 to 200,000 Greek Cypriots become refugees. 6,000 are killed and 1,619 are missing.
1980  The Gdansk shipyard strike in Poland occurs, as an uprising against Communist rule, and leads to the foundation of the Solidarity movement led by Lech Walesa.
 1992  Georgian troops enter Abkhazia, which had declared independence.
 1994  Venezuelan terrorist Carlos the Jackal is arrested.
From 2001 
 2003  A wide scale power blackout affects parts of Canada and the northeastern United States.
 2005  Helios Airways Flight 522, travelling from Larnaca in Cyprus, crashes near Grammatiko in Greece, killing all 121 people on board, after the air conditioner fails.
 2006  Chencholai bombing: 61 Tamil girls are killed in a bombing by the Sri Lankan Air Force.
 2007  Bomb attacks across Northern Iraq kill a total of 796 people. 1,500 are injured.
 2010  The first ever Summer Youth Olympic Games begin in Singapore. 3,531 athletes aged 14 to 18, from 204 National Olympic Committees take part.
 2013  Egypt declares a state of emergency as security forces kill hundreds of demonstrators who support the ousted President Mohamed Morsi.
 2013  The England national football team and Scotland national football team play each other for the first time since 1999 in the oldest international football fixture. England wins a closely fought match 3-2.
2015  The United States re-opens its Embassy in Havana, Cuba, 54 years after the countries initially broke diplomatic ties.
 2017  Heavy rain and mudslides kill hundreds of people in Freetown, Sierra Leone.
 2018  Part of the Morandi motorway Bridge in Genoa, Liguria, Italy, collapses, killing 43 people.
 2019  With support on board, Swedish climate change activist Greta Thunberg starts sailing across the Atlantic Ocean from Plymouth, Devon, England to New York City to take part in a climate change summit.
 2021  2021 Haiti earthquake of M 7.2 occurs in Haiti.
Up to 1900 
 1297  Emperor Hanazano of Japan (d. 1348)
 1337  King Robert III of Scotland (d. 1406)
 1473  Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (d. 1541)
 1479  Princess Catherine of York (d. 1527)
 1552  Paolo Sarpi, Italian church reformer and historian (d. 1623)
 1642  Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)
 1688  Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
 1714  Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)
 1727  Princess Marie Louise Elisabeth of France (d. 1759)
 1727  Princess Anne Henriette of France (d. 1752)
 1734  Thomas Sumter, American general and politician (d. 1832)
 1738  Leopold Hofmann, Austrian composer (d. 1793) 
 1740  Pope Pius VII (d. 1823)
 1758  Antoine Charles Horace Vernet, French painter (d. 1835)
 1773  Jean-Baptiste de Villele, French statesman (d. 1854)
 1777  Hans Christian Orsted, Danish physicist (d. 1851)
 1777  Francis I of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830)
 1802  Fabio Maria Asquini, Italian cardinal (d. 1878)
1814  Adolph Tidemand, Norwegian painter (d. 1876)
 1818  François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville, French admiral (d. 1900)
 1819  Agenor, duc de Gramont, French diplomat (d. 1880)
 1840  Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German psychologist (d. 1902)
 1847  Robert Comtesse, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1922)
 1848  Margaret Lindsay Hughes, Irish-English astronomer (d. 1915)
 1851  Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
 1857  Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d. 1922)
 1862  Prince Henry of Croatia (d. 1929)
 1863  Ernest Thayer, American poet (d. 1940)
 1865  Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (d. 1952)
 1866  Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician and academic (d. 1962)
 1867  John Galsworthy, English writer (d. 1933)
 1867  Cupid Childs, American baseball player (d. 1912)
 1871  Quangxu Emperor of China (d. 1908)
 1874  Georgios Kondylis, Greek politician (d. 1936)
 1876  Alexander Obrenovich, King of Serbia (d. 1903)
1876  Sibilla Aleramo, Italian writer and poet (d. 1960)
 1878  Georgios Kondylis, Greek general and Prime Minister (d. 1936)
 1880  Fred Alexander, American tennis player (d. 1969)
 1881  Francis Ford, American actor (d. 1953)
 1882  Gisela Richter, British-born art historian (d. 1972)
 1883  Gwendoline Eastlake-Smith, English tennis player (d. 1941)
 1887  Marija Leiko, Latvian actress (d. 1937)
 1889  Willi Münzenberg, German Communist, publisher and movie producer (d. 1940)
 1892  Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English pianist and composer (d. 1988)
 1895  Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1973)
 1899  Alma Reville, British actress and screenwriter (d. 1982)
 1899  Evelyn Kozak, American supercentenarian (d. 2013)
1901  1950 
 1901  Franz Konwitschny, German conductor (d. 1962)
 1910  Willy Ronis, French photographer (d. 2009)
 1910  Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1995)
 1911  Jaime Rodriguez, Chilean footballer (d. 2003)
 1912  Frank Oppenheimer, American particle physicist (d. 1985)
 1914  Poul Hartling, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2000)
 1916  Fumio Fujimura, Japanese baseball player (d. 1992)
 1921  Julia Hartwig, Polish writer and translator (d. 2017)
 1921  Sidney Rittenberg, American linguist (d. 2019)
 1923  Kuldip Nayar, Indian journalist (d. 2018)
 1924  Sverre Fehn, Norwegian architect (d. 2009)
 1924  Holger Juul Hansen, Danish actor (d. 2013)
 1924  Georges Pretre, French conductor (d. 2017)
 1925  Russell Baker, columnist
 1926  René Goscinny, French comic-strip writer (d. 1977)
 1928  Lina Wertmüller, Italian director
 1929  Giacomo Capuzzi, Italian bishop
 1929  Thomas Meehan, American playwright (d. 2017)
 1930  Liz Fraser, English actress (d. 2018)
1930  Earl Weaver, American Baseball Hall of Fame manager (d. 2013)
 1931  Frederick Raphael, American screenwriter, biographer, novelist and journalist
 1932  James V. Hansen, American politician (d. 2018)
 1933  Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist
 1935  John Brodie, American football player
 1936  Trevor Bannister, English actor (d. 2011)
 1940  Dash Crofts, musician
 1940  Aristides Royo, 36th President of Panama
 1940  Arthur Laffer, American economist
 1941  David Crosby, American guitarist, songwriter
 1941  Lynne Cheney, American political figure, former Second Lady of the United States
 1942  Molefi Kete Asante, American author
 1943  Jimmy Johnson, American football player and broadcaster
 1945  Steve Martin, American comedian and actor
 1945  Wim Wenders, German director
 1946  Antonio Fargas, actor
 1946  Susan Saint James, actress
 1946  Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish racing driver (d. 2010)
 1947  Danielle Steel, American novelist
 1949  Morten Olsen, Danish footballer and coach
1950  Gary Larson, American cartoonist
 1950  Bob Backlund, American professional wrestler
1951  1975 
 1952  Carl Lumbly, actor
 1952  Debbie Meyer, swimmer
 1953  James Horner, American Academy Award-winning composer (d. 2015)
 1954  Mark Fidrych, American baseball player
 1954  Stanley McChrystal, American general
 1954  Christian Gross, Swiss football coach
 1955  Gillian Taylforth, English actress
 1956  Rusty Wallace, American race car driver
 1957  Peter Costello, Australian politician
 1959  Marcia Gay Harden, Academy Award-winning actress
 1959  Magic Johnson, American basketball player
 1960  Sarah Brightman, British singer
 1961  Susan Olsen, actress
 1961  Satoshi Tsunami, Japanese footballer
 1962  Rameez Raja, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster
 1964  Brannon Braga, American writer and director
 1965  Emmanuelle Béart, French actress
 1965  Mark Francois, English politician
 1966  Halle Berry, American Academy Award-winning actress
 1968  Darren Clarke, Northern Irish golfer
 1968  Adrian Lester, English actor
 1971  Pramodya Wickramasinghe, Sri Lankan cricketer
1972  Laurent Lamothe, Haitian politician
 1972  Giuseppe Mazzarelli, Swiss footballer
 1973  Daisuke Ishiwatari, Japanese game developer and composer
 1973  Rana Faheem Aslam, Pakistani journalist
 1973  Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer
 1973  Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian footballer
 1973  Chucky Atkins, American basketball player
 1974  Ana Matronic, American singer (Scissor Sisters)
 1974  Martin Bulloch, Scottish drummer (Mogwai)
From 1976 
 1976  Alex Albrecht, co-host of The Screen Savers
 1977  Juan Pierre, American baseball player
 1977  Philip Stamper, American pro wrestler, actor
 1978  Anastasios Kyriakos, Greek footballer
 1981  Matthew Etherington, English footballer
 1982  Simon Andrews, English motorcycle racer (d. 2014)
 1983  Mila Kunis, Ukrainian-American television actress
 1983  Heiko Westermann, German footballer
 1983  Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian-born British tennis player (d. 2014)
 1983  Lu Yen-hsun, Taiwanese tennis player
 1984  Carl Valeri, Australian footballer
 1984  Nick Grimshaw, British radio DJ and television presenter
 1984  Robin Söderling, Swedish tennis player
 1984  Giorgio Chiellini, Italian footballer
 1985  Christian Gentner, German footballer
 1986  Cameron Jerome, English footballer
 1989  Ander Herrera, Spanish footballer
 1990  Jaydee Bixby, Canadian singer
 1992  Sarah Correa, Brazilian swimmer (d. 2015)
 1993  Gongchan, South Korean singer and actress
1993  Cassi Thomson, Australian-American actress and singer
 1999  Garrett Ryan, American actor
Up to 1900 
 582  Tiberius II, Byzantine Empress (b. 535)
 1040  Duncan I of Scotland
 1167  Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne
 1204  Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (b. 1182)
 1369  Philippa of Hainault, Queen Consort of England (b. 1311)
 1390  John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364)
 1430  Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404)
 1433  King John I of Portugal (b. 1357)
 1464  Pope Pius II (b. 1405)
 1573  Saito Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548)
 1691  Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)
 1704  Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675)
 1727  William Croft, English composer (b. 1678)
 1754  Maria Anna of Austria (b. 1683)
 1774  Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar and physician (b. 1716)
 1784  Nathaniel Hone, Irish-born painter (b. 1718)
 1852  Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (b. 1788)
 1856  Constant Prévost, French geologist (b. 1787)
 1860  André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774)
1870  David Farragut, American navy officer (b. 1801)
 1891  Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (b. 1803)
1901  2000 
 1905  Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
 1909  William Stanley, American inventor and engineer (b. 1829)
 1928  Klabund, German writer and poet (b. 1890)
 1941  Maximilian Kolbe, Polish martyr and saint (b. 1854)
 1941  Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)
 1943  Joe Kelley, American baseball player (b. 1871)
 1951  William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper magnate (b. 1863)
 1954  Hugo Eckener, German pilot and designer (b. 1868)
 1955  Herbert Putnam, American Librarian of Congress (b. 1861)
 1956  Bertolt Brecht, German writer (b. 1898)
 1958  Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1900)
 1958  Konstantin von Neurath, German diplomat (b. 1873)
 1972  Oscar Levant, American actor, composer, and musician (b. 1906)
 1980  Dorothy Stratton, Canadian actress and model (b. 1960)
 1980  Paul Snider, Canadian entrepreneur and manager (b. 1951)
 1981  Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894)
1982  Patrick Magee, Irish-English actor (b. 1922)
 1984  Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1904)
 1984  J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894)
 1985  Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)
 1988  Enzo Ferrari, Italian car maker (b. 1898)
 1989  Ricky Berry, American basketball player (b. 1964)
 1991  Alberto Crespo, Argentine racing driver (b. 1920)
 1994  Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer (b. 1905)
 2000  Alain Fournier, French-born computer graphics researcher (b. 1943)
From 2001 
 2002  Dave Williams, American singer (Drowning Pool) (b. 1972)
 2003  Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929)
 2004  Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
 2005  Coo Coo Marlin, American race car driver (b. 1932)
 2007  Kotozakura Masakatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1940)
 2010  Abbey Lincoln, American singer (b. 1930)
 2011  Shammi Kapoor, Indian actor (b. 1931)
 2012  Svetozar Gligoric, Serbian chess player (b. 1923)
 2012  Sergey Kapitsa, Russian physicist (b. 1928)
 2012  Phyllis Thaxter, American actress (b. 1919)
 2012  Ron Palillo, American actor (b. 1949)
 2013  Lisa Robin Kelly, American actress (b. 1970)
 2014  Mariana Briski, Argentine actress (b. 1965)
 2014  George V. Hansen, American politician (b. 1930)
 2014  Jay Adams, American skateboarder (b. 1961)
 2014  Stephen Lee, American actor (b. 1955)
 2015  Bob Johnston, American record producer (b. 1932)
 2016  Fyvush Finkel, American actor (b. 1922)
 2016  Hermann Kant, German historian (b. 1926)
2017  Andrzej Blumenfeld, Polish actor (b. 1951)
 2017  Frank Broyles, American college football coach (b. 1924)
 2017  Franklin Cleckley, American state judge (b. 1940)
 2017  Abdelkrim Ghallab, Moroccan politician, journalist and novelist (b. 1919)
 2017  Stephen Wooldridge, Australian cyclist (b. 1977)
 2017  Lateef Raji, Nigerian politician (b. 1962)
 2018  Hugh Cortazzi, British diplomat (b. 1924)
 2018  Balram Das Tandon, Indian politician (b. 1927)
 2018  Jill Janus, American singer (b. 1975)
 2018  Michael Persinger, American-Canadian psychology professor and neuroscience researcher (b. 1945)
 2018  Eduard Uspensky, Russian author (b. 1937)
 2018  Chemmanam Chacko, Indian poet (b. 1926)
 2019  Graham Farmer, Australian footballer (b. 1935)
 2019  Karim Olowu, Nigerian sprinter and long jumper (b. 1924)
 2019  Héctor Rivoira, Argentine footballer (b. 1960)
 2019  Gjergj Xhuvani, Albanian film director (b. 1963)
Observances 
Feast of Maximilian Kolbe, martyr 
 Independence Day (Pakistan)

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 3113 B.C.  Maya Calendar, started on this date (some sources give August 11). It ends either on December 21 or 23, 2012. Although some people thought the world would end in 2012, life continued as normal.
 29 BC  Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
 523  John succeeds Hormisdas as Pope.
 582  Maurice becomes Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.
 1099  Paschal II is elected Pope.
 1315  Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou.
 1326  Aradia de Toscano, according to legend/folklore, is initiated into a Dianic witchcraft cult, subsequently founds the tradition of Stregheria later known as the Malandanti.
 1415  Henry V of England lands at Chef-en-Caux, France with 8000 men.
 1516  Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain signed. In it, Francis recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles recognizes Francis's claim to Milan.
 1521  Tenochtitlán (present day Mexico City) falls to conquistador Hernán Cortés
1532  The Duchy of Brittany absorbed into the Kingdom of France.
 1536  Buddhist monks from Kyoto's Enryaku Temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. (Traditional Japanese date: July 27, 1536).
 1553  Michael Servetus arrested by John Calvin in Geneva as a heretic.
 1624  Louis XIII of France appoints Cardinal Richelieu as Prime Minister.
 1704  War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim - English and Austrians victorious over French and Bavarians.
 1762  Seven Years' War: British forces take Havana in the then-Spanish colony of Cuba.
 1779  American Revolutionary War: The Royal Navy defeats the Penobscot Expedition with the most significant loss of US Naval Forces before the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7, 1941.
 1792  Louis XVI of France is formally arrested by the National Tribunal and declared an enemy of the people.
 1806  The United Kingdom takes control of the Cape Colony in present-day South Africa from the Netherlands.
1809  Battle of Bergisel: Tyroleans under Andreas Hofer defeat the French.
 1814  The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Provinces, is signed in London.
 1826  Scotsman Alexander Gordon Laing enters Timbuktu, at the first time that a European is known to have arrived there.
 1831  Nat Turner sees a solar eclipse which he believes is a sign of God. 8 days later he and 70 other slaves kill approximately 55 whites in Southampton County, Virginia.
 1868  A large earthquake strikes near Arica (then in Peru, now in Chile), causing an estimated 25,000 casualties and a tsunami that causes damage as far away as Hawaii and New Zealand.
 1878  The Luray Caverns in Northwest Virginia are discovered.
 1898  Spanish-American War: Spanish and US forces engage in a mock battle in Manila, after which the Spanish commander surrenders in order to keep the city out of Filipino hands.
 1898  Carl Gustav Witt discovers 433 Eros, the first near-Earth asteroid to be found.
1901  2000 
 1905  Norway holds a referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
 1913  Otto Witte, an acrobat, is crowned King of Albania.
 1913  Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.
 1918  Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha Mae Johnson is the first woman to enlist.
 1918  BMW is founded as a public company in Germany.
 1920  Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw begins, lasts till August 25. The Red Army is defeated.
 1923  First major seagoing ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport.
 1923  Gustav Stresemann forms Germany's first "Grand Coalition" government.
 1935  The wall of the dam Alla Sella Zerbino breaks in the Ligurian Appenines in Italy. Flooding in Molare and Ovada kills over 100 or more.
 1937  The Japanese attack Shanghai, China.
 1940  World War II: Battle of Britain begins - The Luftwaffe launches a series of attacks on British fighter bases and radar installations.
1942  Walt Disney's fifth animated feature, Bambi, premiers.
 1948  Austria joins UNESCO.
 1952  West Germany and Japan join the International Monetary Fund.
 1954  The national anthem of Pakistan - Qaumi Taranah - is broadcast for the first time.
 1960  The Central African Republic declares independence from France.
 1961  The German Democratic Republic closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin, to stop its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West. The Berlin Wall is built as a result.
 1964  Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans are hanged for the murder of John Alan West, becoming the last people to be executed in the United Kingdom.
 1968  Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate Greek military leader George Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.
1969  The three Apollo 11 astronauts, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins, are released from a 3-week quarantine to enjoy a ticker-tape parade in New York City. That evening, at a dinner in Los Angeles, California, they are given the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Richard Nixon.
 1977  Members of the British National Front clash with anti-National Front demonstrators in Lewisham, London. 111 people are injured and 214 arrested.
 1978  150 Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack during the second phase of the Lebanese Civil War.
 1984  The new International Airport of Jakarta is opened.
 1987  U.S. President Ronald Reagan assumes responsibility for his role in the Iran-Contra scandal.
 1996  Marc Dutroux, his wife Michelle Martin and Lelièvre were arrested.
 1997  South Park debuts on Comedy Central.
 1999  The rising sun flag, already in use since 1868, becomes the official Flag of Japan.
From 2001 
 2001  The Arena auf Schalke is opened, as the home of the football team FC Schalke 04 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
 2002  Major flooding occurs in Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, in what is referred to there as the "Flood of the Century".
 2004  Games of the XXVIII Olympiad opens in Athens, Greece.
 2004  Hurricane Charley, a category 4 storm, strikes the Fort Myers, Florida, area.
 2004  Black Friday crackdown by NSS on a peaceful protest in the capital city of Maldives, Malé.
 2004  156 Congolese Tutsi refugees massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi.
 2008  American swimmer Michael Phelps breaks the Olympic Games' individual gold medal record.
 2008  South Ossetian War: Russian troops occupy the Georgian city of Gori.

Births
Up to 1900 
 582  Arnulf of Metz, French bishop and saint (d. 640)
 1311  King Alfonso XI of Castile and Leon (d. 1350)
 1625  Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician and physicist (d. 1698)
 1651  Balthasar Permoser, German sculptor (d. 1732)
 1666  William Wotton, English scholar (d. 1727)
 1700  Heinrich von Bruhl, German politician (d. 1763) 
 1717  Louis François, Prince of Conti, French prince (d. 1776)
 1743  Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (d. 1808)
 1752  Maria Carolina of Austria, Queen Consort of Naples and Sicily (d. 1814)
 1757  James Gillray, British caricaturist (d. 1815)
 1762  Therione de Mericourt, French revolutionary (d. 1817)
 1790  William Wentworth, Australian explorer and politician (d. 1872)
 1792  Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Queen consort of William IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1849)
 1800  Ippolito Rosellini, Italian Egyptologist (d. 1843)
 1802  Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian writer (d. 1850)
 1803  Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and writer (d. 1869)
1810  Christian C. A. Lange, Norwegian historian and archivist (d. 1861)
 1814  Anders Jonas Angstrom, Swedish astronomer and physicist (d. 1874)
 1818  Lucy Stone, American Women's Rights activist (d. 1893)
 1819  Aurelio Saffi, Italian politician (d. 1890)
 1819  George Gabriel Stokes, Irish physicist (d. 1903)
 1820  George Grove, English musicologist (d. 1900)
 1842  Albert Sorel, French writer and historian (d. 1906)
 1851  Felix Adler, German-born American educator (d. 1933)
 1852  Christian Krohg, Norwegian painter (d. 1925)
 1853  Antonio Salandra, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1931)
 1857  Henri Pittier, Swiss-Venezuelan naturalist and biologist (d. 1950)
 1860  Annie Oakley, American sharp shooter (d. 1926)
 1866  Giovanni Agnelli, Italian industrialist and founder of Fiat (d. 1945)
 1867  William Craigie, Scottish philologist and lexicographer (d. 1957)
 1867  George Luks, American painter (d. 1933)
 1869  Tony Garnier, French architect and urban planner (d. 1948)
1871  Karl Liebknecht, German political activist (d. 1919)
 1872  Richard Willstaetter, German chemist (d. 1942)
 1873  Christian Rakovsky, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1941)
 1879  John Ireland, English composer (d. 1962)
 1887  Julius Freed, American investor and banker (d. 1952)
 1888  John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor (d. 1946)
 1889  Camillien Houde, 34th Mayor of Montreal (d. 1958)
 1890  Li Zongren, Chinese politician (d. 1969)
 1895  Bert Lahr, American actor (d. 1967)
 1898  Jean Borotra, French tennis player (d. 1994)
 1898  Regis Toomey, American actor (d. 1991)
 1899  Alfred Hitchcock, English movie director (d. 1980)
 1899  Soledad Mexia, Mexican-American supercentenarian (d. 2013)
1901  1950 
 1904  Felix Wankel, German engineer and inventor (d. 1988)
 1904  Charles 'Buddy' Rogers, American actor (d. 1999)
 1907  Basil Spence, Scottish architect (d. 1976)
 1907  William Astor, 3rd Viscount Astor, English politician (d. 1966)
 1908  Gene Raymond, American actor (d. 1998)
 1911  Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza (d. 2003)
 1912  Salvador Luria, Italian-born biologist (d. 1991)
 1913  Makarios III, Archbishop and President of Cyprus (d. 1977)
 1913  Fred Davis, English snooker player (d. 1998)
 1914  Luis Mariano, Basque operetta singer (d. 1970)
 1918  Frederick Sanger, English chemist and two-time Nobel Prize winner (d. 2013)
 1918  Noor Hassanali, 2nd President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2006)
 1919  George Shearing, British jazz pianist (d. 2011)
 1920  Neville Brand, American actor (d. 1992)
 1921  Jimmy McCracklin, American blues musician (d. 2012)
 1925  Benny Bailey, American jazz trumpeter
 1925  José Sazatornil, Spanish actor (d. 2015)
1926  Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (d. 2016)
 1928  Pedro Pedrossian, Brazilian politician (d. 2017)
 1930  Tomás Borge, Nicaraguan politician (d. 2012)
 1930  Bernard Manning, English comedian (d. 2007)
 1930  Eddie Marlin, American wrestler and promoter (d. 2019)
 1931  Norman Read, New Zealand athlete (d. 1994)
 1933  Madhur Jaffrey, Indian actress and cookery writer
 1933  Joycelyn Elders, 15th Surgeon General of the United States
 1934  Gyoji Matsumoto, Japanese footballer
 1936  Vyjayanthimala, Indian actress, dancer, singer and politician
 1937  James David Santini, American politician (d. 2015)
 1938  Dave "Baby" Cortez, American pianist
 1940  Bill Musselman, American basketball player and coach (d. 2000)
 1940  Dirk Sager, German journalist (d. 2014)
 1941  Ambrogio Fogar, Italian sailor, writer, rally driver and all-round adventurer and television presenter (d. 2005)
 1941  Henning Voscherau, German politician (d. 2016)
 1941  Susan Jameson, English actress
1942  Sheila Armstrong, English soprano
 1944  Kevin Tighe, American actor
 1945  Lars Engqvist, Swedish politician
 1945  Howard Marks, Welsh drug smuggler (d. 2016)
 1946  Janet Yellen, American economist, 15th Chair of the Federal Reserve
 1947  Margareta Winberg, Swedish politician
 1948  Roberto Micheletti, Honduran politician
 1949  Philippe Petit, French high wire artist
 1949  Bobby Clarke, Canadian ice hockey player
1951  1975 
 1951  Dan Fogelberg, American musician (d. 2007)
 1952  Hughie Thomasson, American guitarist
 1953  Carla Bodendorf, German athlete
 1953  Thomas Pogge, German philosopher
 1955  Mulgrew Miller, American pianist (d. 2013)
 1955  Paul Greengrass, American director
 1958  Feargal Sharkey, Northern Irish singer
 1959  Andreas Ravelli, Swedish footballer
 1959  Thomas Ravelli, Swedish footballer
 1959  Michael Bradley, Irish musician
 1960  Phil Taylor, English darts player
 1960  Janusz Kurtyka, Polish historian (d. 2010)
 1961  Christos Christodolou, Greek basketball player
 1961  Cary Stayner, American serial killer
 1961  Chad Brown, American poker player and actor (d. 2014)
 1962  Manuel Valls, Spanish-born French politician, Prime Minister of France
 1962  John Slattery, American actor
 1963  Valerie Plame, American CIA agent and author
 1963  Sridevi, Indian actress (d. 2018)
 1964  Debi Mazar, American actress
 1965  Hayato Matsuo, Japanese composer and conductor
1966  Shayne Corson, Canadian ice hockey player
 1966  Scooter Barry, American basketball player
 1969  Midori Ito, Japanese figure skater
 1970  Casiano Delvalle, Paraguayan footballer
 1970  Alan Shearer, English footballer
 1971  Moritz Bleibtreu, German actor
 1972  Michael Sinterniklaas, French-American actor, director and screenwriter
 1972  Hani Hanjour, Saudi Arabian terrorist (d. 2001)
 1975  Joe Perry, English snooker player
 1975  Marty Turco, Canadian ice hockey goaltender
From 1976 
 1978  Benjani Mwaruwari, Zimbabwean footballer
 1980  Irina Berezhna, Ukrainian politician (d. 2017)
 1982  Sarah Huckabee Sanders, 29th White House Press Secretary
 1982  Sebastian Stan, Romanian-American actor
 1982  Shani Davis, American speed skater
 1982  Kalenna Harper, American singer-songwriter
 1983  Thomas Schwall, American ski jumper
 1984  Niko Kranjcar, Croatian footballer
 1984  James Morrison, British singer
 1984  L'Aura, Italian singer-songwriter, composer, violinist and pianist
 1984  Alona Bondarenko, Ukrainian tennis player
 1984  Colin Fleming, Scottish tennis player
 1985  Olubayo Adefemi, Nigerian footballer
 1985  Lacey Brown, American singer-songwriter
 1985  Mattia Pasini, Italian motorcycle racer
 1988  Keith Benson, American basketball player
 1989  Justin Greene, American basketball player
 1990  Shila Amzah, Malaysian singer-songwriter and actress
 1990  Elise Christie, Scottish short-track speed skater
 1990  DeMarcus Collins, American basketball player
1990  Sae Miyazawa, Japanese singer (AKB48)
 1991  Alexander Kacaniklic, Swedish footballer
 1993  Johnny Gaudreau, American ice hockey player
 1994  Filip Forsberg, Swedish ice hockey player
 2000  Piper Reese, American internet celebrity and actress
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 586  Radegund, Queen consort of Clotaire I
 604  Emperor Wen of Sui of China (b. 541)
 612  Eudokia, Byzantine Empress (b. 580)
 900  Zwentibold, last King of Lotharingia (b. 870)
 1134  Irene of Hungary (b. 1088)
 1382  Eleanor of Aragon, queen of John I of Castile (b. 1358)
 1447  Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (b. 1392)
 1667  Jeremy Taylor, Irish writer and bishop (b. 1613)
 1686  Louis Maimbourg, historian (b. 1610)
 1744  John Cruger, Dutch-born American politician and 39th Mayor of New York City (b. 1678)
 1749  Johann Elias Schlegel, German poet and critic (b. 1719)
 1826  René Laënnec, French physician (b. 1781)
 1863  Eugène Delacroix, French painter (b. 1798)
 1865  Ignaz Semmelweis, Austrian-Hungarian physician (b. 1818)
 1884  Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington (b. 1807)
1901  2000 
 1910  Florence Nightingale, English nurse (b. 1820)
 1912  Jules Massenet, French composer (b. 1842)
 1913  August Bebel, German politician (b. 1840)
 1917  Eduard Buchner, German chemist (b. 1860)
 1933  Hasan Prishtina, Albanian politician (b. 1873)
 1934  Mary Hunter Austin, American writer (b. 1868)
 1946  H. G. Wells, English writer (b. 1866)
 1948  Elaine Hammerstein, American actress (b. 1897)
 1958  Francis J. McCormick, American football player, basketball player and coach (b. 1903)
 1958  Otto Witte, German acrobat and claimant to the throne of Albania (b. 1868)
 1965  Ikeda Hayato, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1899)
 1977  Henry Williamson, English writer (b. 1895)
 1982  Joe Tex, American musician (b. 1933)
 1984  Tigran Petrosian, Armenian chess player (b. 1929).
 1989  Tim Richmond, American race car driver (b. 1955)
 1991  James Roosevelt, American politician (b. 1907)
 1994  Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer (b. 1905)
 1995  Alison Hargreaves, British mountaineer (b. 1963)
1995  Mickey Mantle, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1931)
 1995  Jan Křesadlo, Czech-born writer (b. 1926)
 1996  David Tudor, pianist and composer (b. 1926).
 1996  António de Spínola, Portuguese general and politician (b. 1910)
 1998  Nino Ferrer, Italian-French singer and composer (b. 1934)
 1998  Waneta Hoyt, American serial killer (b. 1946)
 1999  Ignatz Bubis, German Jewish leader (b. 1927)
From 2001 
 2003  Lothar Emmerich, German footballer (b. 1941)
 2004  Julia Child, American chef and television personality (b. 1912)
 2005  David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1942)
 2007  Yone Minegawa, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1893)
 2007  Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player (b. 1917)
 2008  Henri Cartan, French mathematician (b. 1904)
 2008  Sandy Allen, American, world's tallest woman (b. 1953)
 2009  Les Paul, American musician (b. 1915)
 2010  Lance Cade, American professional wrestler (b. 1981)
 2012  Helen Gurley Brown, American writer, publisher and businesswoman (b. 1922)
 2012  Johnny Pesky, American baseball player and coach (b. 1919)
 2013  Lothar Bisky, German politician (b. 1941)
 2013  Jean Vincent, French footballer (b. 1930)
 2014  Eduardo Campos, Brazilian politician (b. 1965)
 2014  Robert Bruce Smith, IV, American music expert, writer, historian and poet (b. 1945)
 2015  Bob Fillion, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1920)
 2016  Kenny Baker, British actor (b. 1934)
2016  Joyce Carol Thomas, American poet and playwright (b. 1938)
 2016  Françoise Mallet-Joris, Belgian writer (b. 1930)
 2017  Aung Shwe, Burmese politician and general (b. 1918)
 2017  Joseph Bologna, American actor (b. 1934)
 2018  Somnath Chatterjee, Indian politician (b. 1929)
 2018  Jim Neidhart, American professional wrestler (b. 1955)
 2018  Powell A. Moore, American politician (b. 1938)
 2019  Cecilia Caballero Blanco, First Lady of Colombia (b. 1913)
 2019  Nadia Toffa, Italian journalist and television presenter (b. 1979)
Observances 
 Independence Day (Central African Republic)
 International Lefthanders Day
 Lao Issara - Day of the Free Laos
 Women's Day (Tunisia)

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 3114 BC  The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilisations, notably the Maya, begins, ending either on December 21 or 23, 2012.
 106  The Southwestern part of Dacia (modern Romania) becomes a Roman province, Roman Dacia.
 117  Hadrian becomes Roman Emperor, following Trajan's death.
 355  Claudius Silvanus proclaims himself Roman Emperor.
 490  Battle of Adda: The Goths under Theodoric the Great and his ally Alaric II defeat the forces of Odoacer on the Adda River near Milan.
 1332  The Battle of Dupplin Moor takes place during the Scottish Wars of Independence.
 1677  A large part of the city of Rostock is destroyed by fire.
 1711  The first horse race is held at Ascot, England.
 1718  A British fleet attacks a Spanish fleet in the Naval Battle of Cape Passero.
 1786  Captain Francis Light establishes a British colony at Penang, Malaysia.
 1804  Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor takes the title of Emperor of Austria.
1812  Peninsular War: French troops engage in battle with British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.
 1813  In Colombia, Juan de Corral declares the independence of Antioquia.
 1858  The Eiger in the Swiss Alps is first climbed by Charles Barrington, accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohlen.
 1863  Cambodia becomes a French protectorate.
 1867  Das Kapital, by Karl Marx, goes on sale in Hamburg.
 1898  Spanish-American War: American troops enter the city of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
1901  2000 
 1901  The first German Antarctic expedition, led by Erich von Drygalski, leaves Kiel.
 1904  Battle of Waterberg in present-day Namibia: In a battle with German colonial troops, 30,000 Herero and Nama people are killed.
 1914  World War I: France declares war on Austria-Hungary.
 1918  World War I: The Battle of Amiens ends.
 1919  The Constitution of Germany's Weimar Republic is adopted.
 1920  End of the Latvian War of Independence
 1929  Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 500 home runs, at League Park in Cleveland, Ohio.
 1934  The first civilian prisoners arrive at the Federal Prison at Alcatraz in San Francisco Bay.
 1942  Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a frequency hopping, spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi.
 1952  Hussein of Jordan is proclaimed king.
 1959  Sheremetyevo International Airport opens near Moscow.
1960  Chad declares independence from France.
 1961  The former Portuguese territories of India of Dadra and Nagar Haveli are merged into the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, as part of the Republic of India.
 1962  Vostok 3 launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome and Andrian Nikolayev becomes the first person to float in microgravity. 
 1965  Race riots begin in the Watts area of Los Angeles, California.
 1968  The last steam train runs on British railways.
 1972  Vietnam War: The last US ground combat unit leaves South Vietnam.
 1979  A dam break in Morvi, Gujarat, India, following heavy rain, kills between 2,000 and 5,000 people.
 1982  A bomb explodes on Pan Am Flight 830, between Tokyo and Honolulu, killing one person, and injuring 15.
 1983  Rio Abiseo National Park is created in Peru.
 1984  'We begin bombing in five minutes': Ronald Reagan jokes while preparing for a weekly radio address while running for re-election as US president.
1986  Ove Joensen completes his rowing journey from the Faroe Islands to Copenhagen.
 1987  Alan Greenspan becomes Chairman of the US Federal Reserve.
 1988  Al-Qaeda is founded.
 1999  A total Solar eclipse is seen over much of Europe and Asia. It is the last solar eclipse of the 2nd millennium.
From 2001 
 2003  A heatwave in Paris, France kills an estimated 144 people, with temperatures reaching 44 degrees Celsius.
 2003  President of Liberia Charles Taylor flees into exile in Nigeria.
 2003  Jemaah Islamiyah leader Ridyan Isamuddin, better known as Hambali, is arrested in Bangkok, Thailand.
 2006  Filipino oil tanker Solar 1 sinks at the island of Guimaras, leading to an oil spill.
 2012  Two earthquakes of a magnitude over 6, followed by several aftershocks, strike the area around Tabriz, in northwestern Iran.
 2014  American actor and comedian Robin Williams is found dead at his home in California, having committed suicide. He was 63 years old.
 2017  A train collision near Alexandria, Egypt, kills at least 41 people.

Births
Up to 1900 
1086  Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1125)
1379  Yolande of Aragon (d. 1442)
1467  Mary of York, English princess (d. 1482)
1667  Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Italian princess (d. 1743)
1673  Richard Mead, English physician (d. 1754)
1706  Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1756)
1718  Sir Frederick Haldimand, professional soldier (d. 1891)
1772  Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill, British general (d. 1842)
1778  Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, German teacher (d. 1852)
1794  James Barton Longacre, engraver and designer of United States Indian Head cent (d. 1869)
1801  Eduard Devrient, German baritone (d. 1877)
1807  David Rice Atchison, American politician (d. 1886)
1808  William W. Chapman, American politician (d. 1892)
1816  Frederick Innes, Scottish-Australian politician, 9th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1882)
1823  Charlotte Mary Yonge, British writer (d. 1901)
1824  Martin Gropius, German architect (d. 1880)
1825  István Türr, Hungarian soldier, architect and engineer (d. 1908)
1833  Robert G. Ingersoll, American political leader and orator, atheist, American Civil War Colonel (d. 1899)
1833  Kido Takayoshi, Japanese politician, leading figure of the Meiji restoration (d. 1877)
1837  Marie François Sadi Carnot, French statesman (d. 1894)
1858  Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch doctor, won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering vitamins (d. 1930)
1864  Duarte Leite, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1950)
1865  Gifford Pinchot, American politician and environmentalist (d. 1946)
1870  Tom Richardson, English cricketer (d. 1912).
1872  Kijuro Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951)
1879  Frieda von Richthofen, German writer (d. 1956)
1882  Kimon Georgiev, 24th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1969)
1882  Rodolfo Graziani, Italian general and politician (d. 1955)
1889  Arturo Martini, Italian sculptor (d. 1947)
1891  Stancho Belkovski, Bulgarian architect and lecturer (d. 1962)
1892  Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese novelist (d. 1962)
1892  Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (d. 1978)
1897  Enid Blyton, English writer (d. 1968)
1897  Louise Bogan, American poet (d. 1970)
1898  Peter Mohr Dam, 3rd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1968)
1900  Alexander Mosolov, Russian composer (d. 1973)
1901 - 1950 
1902  Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (d. 1986)
1902  Lloyd Nolan, actor (d. 1982)
1905  Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
1905  Kurt Gerstein, German SS officer (d. 1945)
1911  Thanom Kittikachorn, Thai general and politician (d. 2004)
1912  Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, astronomer (d. 1954)
1913  Angus Wilson, British novelist (d. 1991)
1913  Paul Dupuis, French Canadian actor (d. 1976)
1913  Bob Scheffing, American baseball player and manager (d. 1985)
1914  Hugh Martin, American songwriter (d. 2011)
1915  Morris Weiss, American comic book artist and writer (d. 2014)
1917  Dik Browne, American cartoonist (d. 1989)
1917  Ilse Scholl, German activist (d. 1998)
1918  Thomas A. Bird, British World War II army officer and architect (d. 2017)
1919  Ginette Neveu, French violinist (d. 1949)
1920  Mike Douglas, American entertainer (d. 2006)
1921  Alex Haley, American historian and novelist (d. 1992)
1923  Stan Chambers, American television reporter (d. 2015)
1925  Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
1925  Arlene Dahl, American actress (d. 2021)
1926  Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-born British chemist (d. 2018)
1926  Claus von Bülow, Danish-born socialite (d. 2019)
1927  Raymond Leppard, English conductor
1927  Stuart Rosenberg, American director (d. 2007)
1928  Beniamino Andreatta, Italian economist and politician (d. 2007)
1929  Alun Hoddinott, Welsh composer (d. 2008)
1932  Fernando Arrabal, Spanish playwright and novelist
1932  Peter Eisenman, American architect
1933  Jerry Falwell, American Christian preacher and politician (d. 2007)
1936  Bill Monbouquette, American baseball player (d. 2015)
1937  Anna Massey, British actress (d. 2011)
1937  Patrick Joseph McGovern, American businessman (d. 2014)
1942  Mike Hugg, British musician
1943  Abigail Folger, American Coffee heiress (d. 1969)
1943  Pervez Musharraf, Pakistani general and politician, former President of Pakistan (d. 2023)
1943  Jim Kale, Canadian musician