Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Turkish Delight () is a 1973 Dutch romantic drama movie directed by Paul Verhoeven and  is based on the 1969 novel Turks fruit by Jan Wolkers. It stars Rutger Hauer in his movie debut, Monique van de Ven and was nominated for 1 Oscar in 1974.

Other websites 
 
 
 

1973 romantic drama movies
1970s erotic movies
Dutch drama movies
Dutch romance movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Paul Verhoeven
Tomka and His Friends () is a 1977 Albanian World War II drama movie directed by Xhanfise Keko and stars Enea Zheku, Zehrudin Dokle, Genc Mosho, Sotiraq Cili.

Other websites 
 

1977 drama movies
Albanian movies
World War II movies
The Return of the Dead Army () is a 1989 Albanian drama movie directed by Dhimitër Anagnosti and is based on the 1963 novel The General of the Dead Army by Ismail Kadare. It stars Kastriot Ahmetaj, Roza Anagnosti, Rajmonda Bulku, Vasillaq Godo, Bujar Lako, Gulielm Radoja, Liza Vorfi and Ndriçim Xhepa.

Other websites 
 

1989 drama movies
Albanian movies
Bota is a 2014 Albanian Italian Kosovan drama movie directed by Iris Elezi and Thomas Logoreci. It stars Flonja Kodheli, Artur Gorishti, Fioralba Kryemadhi, Tinka Kurti, Luca Lionello and won the Fedeora Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 2014.

Other websites 
 

2014 drama movies
Albanian movies
Italian drama movies
Kosovan movies
Tigerland is a 2000 American Vietnam War drama movie directed by Joel Schumacher and stars Colin Farrell, Matthew Davis, Clifton Collins Jr., Tom Guiry, Shea Whigham, Russell Richardson, Cole Hauser, Neil Brown Jr., Tory Kittles, Nick Searcy, Afemo Omilami, Matt Gerald, Michael Shannon, James Macdonald, Keith Ewell, Arian Ash and was distributed by	 20th Century Fox.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

2000 drama movies
2000s war movies
American war movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Joel Schumacher
Vietnam War movies
20th Century Fox movies
American independent movies
The 70th Anniversary Grand Prix is a Formula One motor race. It is scheduled to be held on August 9, 2020 at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, United Kingdom after British Grand Prix.

Winners

By year

References

Notes

Formula One Grands Prix
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi (born 30 July 1953 in Procida) is an Italian biologist. She is the laboratory director of virology at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (INMI). In 2020, she isolated coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.

She graduated from the Federico II University of Naples, and in Microbiology from the Sapienza University of Rome.
Her research focused on the mechanism of production and action of interferon, emerging viruses, persistent viral infections, and HIV infection. She was part of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center "Treatment, Diagnosis, Response and Training in Highly Infectious Diseases", established at INMI in 2009. She is a consultant of the National Transplant Center for viral infections in transplants.

In February 2020, her research group isolated SARS-CoV-2, with Francesca Colavita and Concetta Castilletti.

References 

1953 births
Italian biologists
Dateline NBC is an American news magazine. It looks at true crime, though occasionally it looks at other topics. The program began on March 31, 1992 on NBC.

The show has been nominated for five Emmy Awards. 

Dateline NBC has also been the focus of some controversy. On November 17, 1992, the show aired an hour-long report titled Waiting to Explode. That was about certain pickup trucks from General Motors, particularly Chevrolet, blowing up on impact in truck crashes due to poor design. This especially applied to pickups between 1973 and 1987.

Past correspondents and anchors are Maria Shriver, Ann Curry and Jane Pauley.

References

NBC network shows
1992 television series debuts
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
The Rhamnaceae is a family of plants in the order Rosales, with around 55 genera and 950 species. Well-known plants in this family include Ziziphus and Hovenia dulcis.

References
The underclass is the segment of the population that occupies the lowest possible position in a class hierarchy, below the core body of the working class.

Social classes
Whitney is an American sitcom that was on :NBC from 2011 to 2013.

2010s American sitcoms
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Rhamnus is a genus of plants in the Rhamnaceae family. They are commonly known as buckthorns. There are around 110 species, and their height can be anywhere from 1 to 15 meters. Rhamnus species are called buckthorns because they have spines on their twigs. One common species is Rhamnus cathartica, the common buckthorn.

References 

Rhamnaceae
A news magazine is a printed, published and typed magazine, radio or television program. It has articles about current events. News magazines discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers and newscasts.

Radio news magazines are similar to television news magazines. Unlike radio newscasts, radio news magazines often run between thirty minutes and several hours.

References

News
Magazines
Mespilus is a genus of plants in the Rosaceae family. It contains two species, Mespilus germanica and Mespilus canescens, though M. canescens is a hybrid between M. germanica and a Crataegus species, and is properly called × Crataemespilus canescens.

References 

Rosaceae
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (; ;  born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak on 23 July 1856 – died 1 August 1920) was a leader of nationalism, teacher, and an Independence activist in British-ruled India. He was also conferred with the title of "Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people (as their leader)". Mahatma Gandhi called him "The Maker of Modern India". 

A militant member of the 'extremist' wing within the Indian National Congress (and a member of the famous 'Lal, Pal and Bal' trio), he was twice imprisoned by the British for his nationalist activities. He helped to found the Home Rule League in 1914.

References 

1856 births
1920 deaths
Indian Hindus
Politicians from Maharashtra
Indian revolutionaries
Nonviolence advocates
In Latin, Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice means "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you". It is the state motto of Michigan.

References 

Latin state mottos of the United States
Michigan
Brum may refer to:
 Birmingham, England
 Brummagem, a slang name for Birmingham, England or the Birmingham dialect
 Brummie, people from Birmingham or the Birmingham dialect
 University of Birmingham
 Brum (TV series)
 Brum (surname), a Portuguese surname
Excelsior! is a Latin phrase that means "Ever upward". It is the state motto of New York.

References 

Latin state mottos of the United States
New York (state)
Nakki Lake () is an important tourist attraction and a scared lake in the Republic of India. It is also the national lake of the nation. It is a Hill station, Mahatma Gandhi's ashes were immersed in this Holy Lake on 12 February 1948 and Gandhi Ghat was constructed.

Nakki Lake lies in the state of Rajasthan.

Lakes of India
Rajasthan
Cold Case was an American television series on CBS from 2003 to 2010.

CBS network shows
American television series
English-language television programs
Without a Trace is an American television series on CBS from 2002 to 2009.

CBS network shows
American television series
Burn Notice is an American television series created by Matt Nix, which originally aired on the USA Network from June 28, 2007, to September 12, 2013.

American television series
English-language television programs
Binary neural network is an artificial neural network, where commonly used floating-point weights are replaced with binary ones. 

It saves storage and computation, and serves as a technique for deep models on resource-limited devices. Using binary values can bring up to 58 times speedup. Accuracy and information capacity of binary neural network can be manually controlled. Binary neural networks do not achieve the same accuracy as their full-precision counterparts, but improvements are being made to close this gap.

It has been argued theoretically that quantum computers could train binary neural nets to their global optimum via quantum search techniques in shorter time than brute force classical optimisation.

References

Computing
Kainar Academy () is a private university in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The university was founded in 1991 as Kainar University (). In 2014, Kainar changed its name to Kainar Academy. It is accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In 1999, Kainar College was created by the university.

Academics
The Academy offers Bachelors and Masters degrees. Kainar College offers studies in Jurisprudence, Accounting and Auditing, Primary education, and  Computer Engineering. Masters degrees are offered in business, pedagogy , social sciences, journalism, and information studies.

Facilities
 The school's library has a 24/7 online service. The library provides access to digital copies of many books to anyone.

Rankings
 It's currently ranked as 90th among universities in Kazakhstan. 

TFE Times ranks it 77th in the country.

References

Other websites
 

1991 establishments in Asia
Colleges and universities in Kazakhstan
1990s establishments in Kazakhstan
The Ksingmul (also known as Xinh Mun, Con Pua, Puộc, and Pụa) are an ethnic group that live in Vietnam and Laos.

Location 
The Ksingmul of Vietnam live in the provinces of Sơn La and Điện Biên.

The Ksingmul of Laos live in the Houaphanh Province.

Language 
The Ksingmul speak the Ksingmul language.

Festivals 
The Ksingmul festivals are Muong A Ma, Ksaisatip, and Mạ Ma.

Economy 
The Ksingmul practice slash and burn agriculture. That means they set some vegetation on fire to clear the land and then farm it.

Funerals 
When someone dies, they shoot guns to let others know.

Ethnic groups in Asia
Laotian people
Vietnamese people
A lenticel is  porous tissue in the bark of trees. Its cells make large intercellular spaces in the periderm of the bark. They are found in the woody stems and roots of dicotyledonous flowering plants. 

Lenticels are also found in other woody plants, starting in the Carboniferous period. The development and increase in these primitive lenticels gave a system  for aeration and gas exchange in these plants.

Lenticels work as pores for the direct exchange of gases. Otherwise the bark is impermeable to gases. The name 'lenticel' comes from its lenticular (lens-like) shape. The shape of lenticels is one of the characteristics used for tree identification.

References 

Trees
Plant physiology
Stowaway is a 1936 American musical movie directed by William A. Seiter and starring Shirley Temple, Robert Young, Alice Faye, Helen Westley, Allan Lane, Astrid Allwyn, Eugene Pallette, Philip Ahn. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 
 

1936 musical movies
1930s American musical movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by William A. Seiter
The Story of Louis Pasteur is a 1936 American biographical drama movie directed by William Dieterle and starring Paul Muni, Josephine Hutchinson, Anita Louise, Donald Woods, Fritz Leiber, Henry O'Neill, Porter Hall. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was nominated for 4 Oscars and won 3 Academy Awards in 1937.

Other websites
 
 
 

1936 drama movies
1930s biographical movies
1930s American drama movies
American biographical movies
Movies directed by William Dieterle
Pedro Casaldáliga , born Pere Casaldàliga i Pla (16 February 1928 – 8 August 2020), was a Catalan-born Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church.

He led the Territorial Prelature of São Félix, Brazil, from 1970 to 2005. In 1971, he became a bishop. He was a well known humanitarian and human rights activist.

Casaldáliga was one of the best known experts of liberation theology. He was born in Balsareny, Catalonia. 

On 4 August 2020, Casaldáliga was hospitalized in Batatais, Brazil for a respiratory infection caused by his Parkinson's disease. He died four days later on 8 August, aged 92.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Human rights activists
Humanitarians
Spanish Roman Catholics
Brazilian Roman Catholic bishops
Francisca Xavier Queiroz de Jesus, known professionally as Chica Xavier (January 22, 1932 – August 8, 2020), was a Brazilian actress. Xavier was born in Salvador, Bahia. 

Her best known movie roles were in Sinhá Moça (1986), O Rei do Gado (1996), Força de um Desejo (1999), Esperança (2002), Um Só Coração (2004) and Duas Caras (2007).

Xavier died of lung cancer on August 8, 2020 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Brazilian stage actors
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Deaths from lung cancer
Buruji Kashamu (19 May 1958 – 8 August 2020) was a Nigerian politician. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party. From 2015 to 2019, he was a member of the Nigerian Senate. He was born in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Kashamu died in Lagos on 8 August 2020 from COVID-19, aged 62.

References

1958 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Nigerian politicians
People from Ogun State
Gabriel Ochoa Uribe (November 20, 1929 – August 8, 2020) was a Colombian football player and manager. He won four league titles and the Copa Colombia with Millonarios. He managed the national team for a short time in 1985.

In 1979, he became manager of América de Cali, he led them to 7 league championships, they were runners-up in the Copa Libertadores three times consecutively (1985, 1986, 1987). He retired in 1991.

Ochoa Uribe died on August 8, 2020 in Cali, Colombia at the age of 90.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Colombian footballers
Football managers
David Tyre Bishop (March 9, 1929 – August 3, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. Bishop was born in Syracuse, New York. He was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1983 to 1992 and 1993 to 2002. He was a Republican.

Bishop died on August 3, 2020 in Rochester, Minnesota at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Minnesota
Politicians from New York (state)
Politicians from Minnesota
People from Syracuse, New York
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Rochester, Minnesota
Lawyers from New York (state)
Millonarios Fútbol Club is a professional Colombian football team based in Bogotá. They currently play in the Categoría Primera A. They play their home games at the El Campín stadium.

The team was initially created in 1937.

Millonarios has won the Colombian league 15 times. They are also the third Colombian team to achieve a major international title, the Copa Merconorte in 2001. Since the beginning of the Colombian professional football league, Millonarios has won many domestic tournaments, the last one in 2017.

Millonarios is also one of only three teams that have played every first division tournament in the country, along with their traditional rivals Santa Fe and Atlético Nacional.

References

20th-century establishments in Colombia
1940s establishments in South America
1946 establishments
Colombian football clubs
Bogotá
Wilbert McClure (October 29, 1938 – August 6, 2020) was an American boxer. He was an amateur. He won gold medals in the light middleweight division at the 1959 Pan American Games and the 1960 Olympics. As a professional he competed from 1961 to 1970.

McClure was born in Toledo, Ohio. He died on August 6, 2020 at the age of 81.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
American boxers
Sportspeople from Toledo, Ohio
Louis Meznarie (14 January 1930 – 6 August 2020) was a French engine expert. He was a team owner entrant to 24 Hours of Le Mans. He was born in Saintry-sur-Seine (Essonne), France. 

From 1959 to 1971 he was an official dealer of NSU for motorcycles and motorcars and engine preparation expert for French races. In 1968, he opened a large workshop in Le Plessis-Chenet (Le Coudray-Montceaux town) with the support of Shell Oil Company. 

From 1971 to 1983, he was the official engine preparation expert for Porsche, with many victories in 24 Hours of Le Mans, French Rally Championship and European Rally Championship. Notably in 1972, Assisted by Jürgen Barth, future winner in a Porsche 936 in 1977, by Sylvain Garant, then Mike Keizer. The 911 with a 2.5-liter engine, flanked by the No. 41 finished in 13th place in the general classification while winning its category.
At the Salon Moto Légende 2017, in Paris, Louis Meznarie, had sold these last motorcycles in number of 4 NSU by the Osenat auction house. In recent years, he traveled less and less but we always enjoyed finding him and exchanging many memories.

Meznarie died on 6 August 2020 at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
French mechanical engineers
Mohammad Apisai Vuniyayawa Tora (January 5, 1934 – August 6, 2020) was a Fijian politician, soldier, and trade unionist. He was a Senator from 2001 to 2006. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1972 as a member of the National Federation Party. In 1977 when he lost his seat.

On 27 September 2005, he was sentenced to eight months in jail for offenses related to the coup of 2000.

Tora died on August 6, 2020 at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Fijian politicians
Trade unionists
Adam Comrie (July 31, 1990 – August 7, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. Comrie was selected by the Florida Panthers in the 3rd round (80th overall) of the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. He was born in Kanata, Ontario. His career lasted from 2010 to 2020. 

Comrie was killed in a motorcycle crash on August 7, 2020 near Virginia while visiting his mother in the United States, aged 30.

References

1990 births
2020 deaths
Road accident deaths in the United States
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Lorenzo Soria (27 November 1951 – 7 August 2020) was an Argentine-born Italian journalist and executive. He was President of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association for three terms between 2003 to 2005, 2015 to 2017 and again from 2019 until his death. He worked as a journalist for La Stampa and L'espresso. Soria was born in Buenos Aires.

Soria died on 7 August 2020 in Los Angeles from lung cancer, aged 68.

References

1951 births
2020 deaths
Businesspeople from Buenos Aires
Italian journalists
Italian businesspeople
Writers from Buenos Aires
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Jean Hurring (née Stewart, 23 December 1930 – 8 August 2020) was a New Zealand swimmer. She won a bronze medal in the 100 m backstroke at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Stewart was born in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Stewart died on 8 August 2020 in Auckland at the age of 89.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
New Zealand swimmers
Olympic bronze medalists from New Zealand
Mark Philipp Wirtz (3 September 19437 August 2020) was a French pop music record producer, composer, singer, musician, author, and comedian. Wirtz was best known for the never-completed A Teenage Opera concept album. The first single from the planned album, "Excerpt from A Teenage Opera" by Keith West, was a number 2 hit on the UK Singles Chart in September 1967. He was born in Strasbourg, France.

Wirtz died of frontotemporal dementia on 7 August 2020, aged 76.

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
French artists
French singers
French musicians
French comedians
Writers from Strasbourg
French businesspeople
Record producers
20th-century French composers
21st-century French composers
Stephen Fain Williams (September 23, 1936 – August 7, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit between 1986 until his death. He was nominated to the position by President Ronald Reagan. Williams was born in New York City.

Williams was hospitalized in Washington, D.C. in June 2020 with COVID-19. He died from the infection two months later on August 7, 2020 at the age of 83.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Lawyers from New York City
American judges
Politicians from New York City
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Uni or UNI may refer to:

Education
 Uni, a commonly used abbreviation for university

Entertainment
Uni Records, a division of MCA, formally called Universal City Records
"U.N.I.", a song by Ed Sheeran from + (Plus)
Uni, a species in the Neopets Trading Card Game
Uni, a character in the anime Reborn!
Uni, a character in the television series Dungeons and Dragons

Geography
Uni (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
UNI, the reporting mark of Unity Railways, a defunct Pennsylvania railroad
UNI, the MTR station code for University Station, Hong Kong
Other uses
Uni (letter), a glyph in Georgian scripts
Uni (mythology), the supreme goddess of Etruscan mythology
Uni (food), Japanese name for edible sea urchin gonads
uni-ball, brand of pens and pencils made by the Mitsubishi Pencil Company
In mathematics, the category of uniform spaces
Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione, an Italian technical standards organization
UNI global union, an international trade union federation
 UNI Panthers, an alternate name for the Northern Iowa Panthers, the athletic program of the University of Northern Iowa
United News of India, an Indian news agency
User–network interface, the junction from which a telecommunications service is connected between the service provider and the end user
UNI, fashion denotes unisex clothing
Uni, a uniformed police officer in law enforcement jargon
National Union of Independents (disambiguation), the name of several political parties
Uni, a fictional character in the Hyperdimension Neptunia Mk2 video game
Durham Castle is a Norman castle in the city of Durham, England. It is the former residence of the Bishop of Durham.  University College, Durham is there since 1837. 

Together with Durham Cathedral, the castle is a World Heritage Site in England since 1986. It is open to the general public to visit through guided tours.

History 
The construction of the Castle began in 1072. It follows the usual Norman style. It was built by order of William the Conqueror about six years after the Norman conquest of England, and soon after the Normans first came to the North. The building took place under the supervision of Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria. Stone for the new buildings was cut from the cliffs below the walls and moved up using winches.
The Castle remained the bishop's palace for the Bishop of Durham until Auckland Castle became the bishops' residence in 1832. Durham Castle was donated to the University of Durham by Bishop William Van Mildert and later become the college. The college did not occupy the castle until 1837, renovations of the building was completed by the next Bishop, Edward Maltby.

Chapels 
The Norman Chapel is the oldest accessible part of the castle built in about 1078. Its architecture is Anglian in nature, possibly due to forced Anglian labour being used to build it. In the 15th century, its three windows were all but blocked up because of the expanded keep. It then fell into abandonment until 1841 when it was used as a corridor through which to access the keep. 

During the Second World War, it was used as a command and observation post for the Royal Air Force when its original use was recognised. 

The chapel was re-consecrated shortly after the war and is still used for weekly services by the college.
Tunstall's Chapel, named after Cuthbert Tunstall, was built in the 15th century and is used for worship within the college. It was modified in the 17th Century by Bishop Cosin.

References

Related pages 

 Durham Cathedral
 Norman conquest of England

Other websites 
 

Castles in England
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Durham, England
11th-century buildings and structures
Studley Royal Park (including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey) is a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site in North Yorkshire, England. It has an area of 323 hectares (800 acres) and features an 18th-century landscaped garden, some of the largest Cistercian ruins in Europe, a Jacobean mansion, and a Victorian church designed by William Burges.

History

Fountains Abbey and Hall 
Fountains Abbey was founded in 1132 by Benedictine monks who left St Mary's Abbey, York to follow the Cistercian order. After the end of the monasteries in 1539 by Henry VIII, the Abbey buildings and over 500 acres (200 ha) of land were sold by the Crown to a merchant named Sir Richard Gresham. The property was passed down through several generations of Sir Gresham's family. Between 1598 and 1604, it was sold to Stephen Proctor, who built Fountains Hall.
The hall is a Jacobean mansion, built partly with stone from the Abbey ruins. Fountains Abbey mill is the only 12th-century Cistercian cornmill left in the UK and the oldest 'intact' building on the estate.

Studley estate 
From 1452 onwards, Studley Royal was inhabited by the Mallory family, most notably by MPs John Mallory and William Mallory. John Aislabie inherited the Studley estate from his elder brother in 1693. In 1966 the estate was bought by West Riding County Council and was taken over by the National Trust  in 1983.

Studley Royal House 
Studley Royal House (or Hall) is in the north-west corner of the park. Originally a medieval manor house, it has a main block with forward projecting wings. It burned down in 1716 and was rebuilt by John Aislabie. The building was destroyed by fire in 1946. A large stable block, built between 1728 and 1732, survived and is now a private house ( 54° 7'30.55"N 1°34'34.82"W ).
Recent history 
In 1966, the estate was purchased by West Riding County Council and was acquired by the National Trust in 1983. The Abbey precinct is managed by English Heritage on behalf of the National Trust. 

In 1986 the entire Park was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It is considered “a masterpiece of human creative genius, and an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history”.

Since 1994 the estate has been within the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

References

Other websites 
 

Parks in the United Kingdom
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
North Yorkshire
Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (died 31 May 1076) was the last Anglo-Saxon earl. He was the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I.

Early life 
Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia, son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria. In 1054, Waltheof became the heir of his father's throne as his elder brother Osbearn was killed in battle. Siward died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom.

First revolt 
When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069, Waltheof and Edgar Aetheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York. He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens. In 1072, he was appointed Earl of Northampton.
Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uchtred the Bold, and his grandfather Ealdred. This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them and succeeded in killing the two eldest of four brothers in the family.

Second revolt and death 
In 1075 Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William I. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement. However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc and then in person to William I, who was at the time in Normandy. He returned to England with William but was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death.

Cult of martyrdom
Cult of martyrdom 

In 1092, after a fire in the chapter house, the abbot had Waltheof's body moved to a prominent place in the abbey church. When the coffin was opened, it is reported that the corpse was found to be intact with the severed head re-joined to the trunk.  This was regarded as a miracle, and the abbey began to publicise it. As a result, pilgrims began to visit Waltheof's tomb. He was celebrated on 31 August.

Due to the beliefs in the miracle, Waltheof became the subject of popular media. His heroic yet often inaccurate accounts were preserved in the Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis, a Middle English Waltheof saga, and the Anglo-Norman Waldef.
Personal life 
In 1070 Waltheof married Judith de Lens, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale. They had three children, the eldest of whom, Maud, brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland, and another, Adelise (Alice of Nothumbria) married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny.

One of Waltheof's grandsons was Waltheof (died 1159), abbot of Melrose.

In popular culture 

 Waltheof was portrayed by actor Marcus Gilbert in the TV drama Blood Royal: William the Conqueror (1990).
 Waltheof is the subject of Juliet Dymoke's 1970 historical novel Of the Ring of Earls
 Waltheof is a major character in Elizabeth Chadwick's 2002 historical novel The Winter Mantle
 Waltheof is a character in Parke Godwin's 1991 historical novel Sherwood

References

Notes 

 
 Chronicle of Britain

Other websites 

1050 births
1076 deaths
Earls and countesses
English royalty
Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 12,096 people live here. The county seat is Baldwin.

References

1871 establishments in Michigan
Michigan counties
Leelanau County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 22,301 people live here. The county seat is Leland.

References

1863 establishments in Michigan
Michigan counties
Prusy is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

References 

Communes in Aube
Puits-et-Nuisement is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

References 

Communes in Aube
Racines is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Communes in Aube
Radonvilliers is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Communes in Aube
Ramerupt is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Communes in Aube
Rances is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Communes in Aube
Rhèges is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Communes in Aube
Ferry to Hong Kong is a 1959 British adventure movie directed by Lewis Gilbert and starring Curt Jürgens, Sylvia Syms, Orson Welles, Jeremy Spenser. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites 
 
 
 

1959 adventure movies
British adventure movies
Movies directed by Lewis Gilbert
20th Century Fox movies
Date honey or Date syrup (in Arabic: Rub, in Hebrew: Silan) is a sweet syrup made from dates. It is very popular in North Africa and Middle East cuisines. In the Iranian cuisine and the Arab cuisine, it is also used to sweeten Tahini.

Other websites 
 

Middle Eastern foods
Libyan food
Iraq
Palestinian culture
Israeli culture
Spreads
Natural resources
Grape honey (in Arabic: Dabas) is a sweet syrup made from grapes. It is very popular in and the Middle East, Georgian, Mediterranean cuisines. 

Spreads
Natural resources
Halva (also known as halvah, halwa) is a solid candy based on vegetable fat and sugar.  There are many types of halva. In Israel, crude sesame base is popular. In Russia, halva made out of Sunflower seeds is popular.  

Halva has a number of geographical sources: from Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, India, Uzbekistan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, and Ukraine. It is considered a national dish in Turkey.

Types and preparation 
Sesame or Peanut - Made from raw tahini, mixed with sugar syrup and sometimes honey. The ingredients are mixed to form a solid, fatty lump, that easily melts in heat, break apart easily, and become easier to make. This is the most popular type of halva in Israel. It usually shows the marble lines made by mixing fat and sugar. In Bukhara, a Bukharan peanut halva called "Labaz" is made.
Semolina - It is the most common type in Eastern countries, such as Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and India. It is based on wheat bran starches. The fat is added from another source: usually soybean oil, while the sweetness comes from syrup or honey. Indian semolina halva is called suji halva, a wheat flour halva called ata kahalva. In Iraq, halva is made from wheat flour and semolina. It is served with Iraqi pita before meal.

 Sunflower seeds - Its main source of fat is sunflower seeds. It is common in countries around Russia. They got their recipe from neighboring Turkey. The recipe is almost identical to sesame one.

 Goat cheese - It is common to make a halva from goat cheese in Lebanon and Greece. 

 Cornflour - In Saudi Arabia, halva is made from cornflour, butter, sugar, cardamom and saffron.

 Flour - In Bulgaria, Iraq and Iran, halva flour is also used as a substitute for semolina.

 Rice - In the area of the city of Shiraz in Iran, it is commonly prepared using cooked rice.
Other uses 
 Halva spread - It has almost liquid texture and high viscosity. Relatively light in dietary fiber. 

 Curly halva (also called: "halva hairs") is used to decorate traditional desserts in oriental cuisine.

 Halva mousse can be used for desserts or for cakes.

References 

Desserts
Danforth is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Port Byron is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Les Riceys is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Communes in Aube
Rigny-la-Nonneuse is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Communes in Aube
Westport is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.

Towns in Oklahoma
Red Rock is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.

Towns in Oklahoma
Camellia sasanqua (often called the sasanqua camellia) is a species of plant in the genus Camellia. It is native to China and Japan. It can be found growing at a height of 900 meters. It grows up to 5 meters tall and is related to the tea plant, Camellia sinensis.

References 

Camellia
Manilkara zapota is a fruit tree in the Sapotaceae family. It is commonly known as the Sapodilla or Sapota. It is from southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. It is often grown for its fruit, which has a very malty and sweet flavor, and tastes like a pear.

References

Sapotaceae
The Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd is a World Heritage Site recognised by UNESCO. It is located in Gwynedd, Wales. The site includes the castles of Beaumaris and Harlech. It also includes the castles and town walls of Caernarfon and Conwy. It is considered to be the "finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe".

History 
For the 20th century, the castles and walls were mainly known for their military purpose. It is described as the "zenith of English castle-building" by  D. J. Cathcart King. It is because of the use of concentric defences, barbicans, and substantial gatehouses. Also, Sidney Toy considers them as "some of the most powerful castles of any age or country". 

In the late 20th and 21st centuries, historians such as Michael Prestwich and Abigail Wheatley both appreciate its roles as palaces and symbols of royal power.
The location of the castles in Caernarfon and Conwy were chosen for their political significance and their military uses. The castles include luxury apartments and gardens. Caernarfon's castle and town walls had expensive stonework. They were perhaps made to suggest images of Arthurian or Roman imperial power. They are believed to have been made to improve Edward's personal prestige. 

The exact role of the royal architect James of St George in the construction is still being argued by many academics. The same with the influence of his native county of Savoy on the designs. However, the main sources indicate that he played a key role in its construction. They even described him as: “Magistro Jacobo de sancto Georgio, Magistro operacionum Regis in Wallia”. It means “Master James of Saint George, Master of the King’s Works in Wales.”

Recognition 
In 1986 sites were collectively announced a UNESCO World Heritage site. Together, they were called the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd.
UNESCO considered the sites to be the "finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe". UNESCO also brings up the importance of their links to Edward I and James of St George, their scale and advanced military architecture, and their unusually good condition and historical documentation.

Maintenance costs 
The estimated costs to maintain the sites is around £239,500 during 2002–03.  "Buffer zones" have been established around the sites. They are aimed to protect the views and setting from inappropriate development or harm. The sites are protected by a mixture of UK Scheduled Monument, Listed Building and conservation area legislation.

References 

Castles in Wales
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Fountains Abbey  is one of the largest and best preserved ruined Cistercian monasteries in England. It is sits approximately  south-west of Ripon in North Yorkshire. It was founded in 1132 and operated for 407 years. It one of the wealthiest monasteries in England until it was dissolved in 1539, under the order of Henry VIII.

It is a Grade I listed building owned by the National Trust. It is part of the designated Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey. It is one of the recognised World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Foundation 
After a riot in 1132 at the Benedictine abbey of St Mary's in York, 13 monks were expelled. Among them was Saint Robert of Newminster. They were taken under the protection of Thurstan, Archbishop of York. He provided them with land in the valley of the River Skell, which is a tributary of the Ure. The enclosed valley had all the natural features needed for the creation of a monastery. It provided shelter from the weather as well as stone and timber for building. It also had a good supply of running water. 

After a harsh winter in 1133, the monks applied to join the Cistercian order. At that time, it was a fast-growing reform movement. By the beginning of the 13th century, it had over 500 houses. In 1135, Fountains became the second Cistercian house in northern England, just after Rievaulx.
The Fountains monks were under Clairvaux Abbey, in Burgundy. It was under the rule of St Bernard. Under the guidance of Geoffrey of Ainai, a monk sent in from Clairvaux, the group learned how to celebrate the seven Canonical Hours. According to Cistercian usage, they were shown how to construct wooden buildings in accordance with Cistercian architecture.

Architecture 

The abbey precinct covers  and is surrounded by an  wall. The wall was built in the 13th century. Some parts of it are visible to the south and west of the abbey.
The precinct can be divided into different groups of buildings. The central group is the abbey church, the cloister, and the buildings round the cloister. This was where the monks lived, prayed, ate, slept, and worked. The inner court has other buildings for the daily life of the abbey. These are buildings such as the infirmary, the abbot's house, and guest houses for visitors. The infirmary was a place where monks could stay when they were ill.
The outer court had buildings for farming and industry, such as the watermill and the wool house. Over the years Fountains Abbey became very rich, mostly by selling wool.
The original abbey church was built of wood and "was probably" two stories high. It was, however, quickly replaced with stone. The church was damaged in the attack on the abbey in 1146 and was rebuilt as a larger church on the same site. Building work was completed c.1170. This second church was completed around 1170. It was  long , made up of 11 bays.  The infirmary (marked "Abbots House" on the plan) had  one of the largest halls in England in the middle ages , It had its own chapel and kitchens. Parts of it are on top of tunnels where the River Skell flows.
Becoming a World Heritage Site 
The archaeological excavation of the site began under the supervision of John Richard Walbran. In 1846, he published a paper On the Necessity of clearing out the Conventual Church of Fountains. In 1966, the Abbey was placed in the guardianship of the Department of the Environment and the estate. It was purchased by the West Riding County Council, which later transferred its ownership to the North Yorkshire County Council in 1974. 

The National Trust bought the  Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal estate from North Yorkshire County Council in 1983. In 1986 the parkland in where the abbey stands was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. 

It was recognised for fulfilling the criteria of "being a masterpiece of human creative genius". It was described "as an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history".
Fountains Abbey is owned by the National Trust and maintained by English Heritage. The trust owns Studley Royal Park, Fountains Hall, St Mary's Church, which was designed by William Burges and built around 1873. All of them are significant features of the World Heritage Site.

In January 2010, Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal became two of the first National Trust properties to be included in Google Street View, using the Google Trike.
Film location 
Fountains Abbey was used as a film location by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark for their single "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" during the cold winter of December 1981. In 1980, Hollywood filmed its final scenes to the film Omen III: The Final Conflict. Other productions set on location of the abbey include: Life at the Top, The Secret Garden, The History Boys. Television series such as Flambards, A History of Britain, Terry Jones' Medieval Lives, Cathedral, Antiques Roadshow. Several game shows such as Treasure Hunt The BBC Television series Gunpowder (2017) also used Fountains Abbey as a location.

Literature 
Fountains Abbey was featured twice in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Books. It includes poetical illustrations by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.

Gallery

Related pages 

 Stonemasonry
 Studley Royal Park

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 
 Fountains Abbey & Studley Royal Water Garden information at the National Trust
 UNESCO World Heritage List: Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey

Monasteries
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
12th-century buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in North Yorkshire
The name Isaac has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean.

 Hurricane Isaac (2000) – reached Category 4 strength, but stayed mostly in the open sea. It caused waves that capsized a boat near Long Island, drowning one person.
 Hurricane Isaac (2006) – Category 1, passed well east of Bermuda, became extratropical near Newfoundland.
 Hurricane Isaac (2012) – a destructive Category 1 hurricane, that hit Louisiana causing over $3 billion in damages.
Hurricane Isaac (2018) – a minimal hurricane that passed through the Lesser Antilles and dissipated in the eastern Caribbean Sea.
The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct () is a canal aqueduct in north east Wales. It took 10 years to design and build. It was completed in 1805. It is the longest aqueduct in Great Britain, and is the highest canal aqueduct in the world. The 18-arched stone and cast iron structure is designed for narrowboats.

The aqueduct was part of a grand plan which was never completed. It was part of the proposed Ellesmere Canal. It would have been an industrial waterway which made a  link between the River Severn at Shrewsbury and the port of Liverpool on the River Mersey.
The westerly high-ground route across the Vale of Llangollen was chosen. A less expensive route was surveyed to the east, but the route chosen would have taken the canal through a mineral-rich area. It would have taken the canal through the coalfields of North-East Wales. However, only parts of the canal route were completed. The plan fell through because the money ran out. The capitalist system at the time was primitive and unreliable. Most major work on the canal stopped after the completion of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct in 1805.

The structure is a Grade I listed building. It is recognised as a  UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Name 
The name Pontcysyllte is Welsh for "Cysyllte Bridge", or "Bridge of Cysyllte". Cysyllte is the township of the old parish of Llangollen, where the southern end of the bridge lies.
World Heritage Site 
In 1999, the aqueduct and its surrounding lands were submitted to the "tentative list" of properties being considered for UNESCO World Heritage Site status.  The aqueduct was suggested as a contender in 2005, its 200th anniversary year. It was finally announced in 2006 that a larger proposal, which covers a section of the canal from the aqueduct to Horseshoe Falls would be the United Kingdom's 2008 nomination.

Parts of the site including the length of canal from Rhoswiel, Shropshire, to the Horseshoe Falls, Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, and Chirk Aqueduct were visited by inspectors from UNESCO in October 2008. It was carried out to analyse and confirm the site management and authenticity. The aqueduct was named by UNESCO on the World Heritage List on 27 June 2009.

Gallery

References
References

Further reading 
 Memories of Pontcysyllte by Amy Douglas and Fiona Collins (2006)
 Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal Nomination as a World Heritage Site: Nomination Document (Wrexham County Borough Council and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, 2008)

Other websites 

 The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct website

World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Bridges in Wales
Grade I listed buildings in Wales
The Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 9 August 2020.

Candidates 
These candidates appeared on the ballot:

 Alexander Lukashenko (incumbent, president of Belarus since 1994)
 Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, political activist and feminist
 Siarhei Cherachen	
 Hanna Kanapatskaya
 Andrey Dmitriev

Results 
It was announced that Lukashenko won the election, marking his 6th term as President of the Republic of Belarus. This was disputed by both national and international sources. The platform "Golos (voice)" created prior to the election allowed Belarusians to upload photographs of their voting papers. From the sample provided – over 1 million voters – it was proven impossible for former President Lukashenko to obtain the number of votes stated.

Total Votes (Popular Vote) 
Lukashenko - 4,661,075 (81.04%)
Tsikhanouskaya - 588,619 (10.23%)
Opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya declared herself as the national leader of the country and called on Lukashenko to start negotiations. Meanwhile, her campaign team stated that they were ready to hold "long-term protests" against the official results.

Many protested the election results. Some governments did not recognise the results.

References

Belarus
August 2020 events
Politics of Belarus
Presidential elections