Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Criticism 
The Pokémon media franchise, especially the anime, has been often criticized by organizations such as PETA.

Dennō Senshi Porygon 
An episode of the anime called "Dennō Senshi Porygon" ("Electric Soldier Porygon" translated in English) was first shown in Japan on December 16, 1997. One part of the episode showed quick flashing red and blue lights. This caused 685 Japanese children to have epileptic seizures. Because of this, the anime went on a four-month break, and several laws were put in place regarding the flashing lights. Also, the previous episodes released had been toned down when Pokemon aired again.

Porygon, one of the main characters in the episode, has not appeared again in the anime ever since "Dennō Senshi Porygon". It has two evolved forms, Porygon2 and Porygon-Z, and neither of them have appeared in the anime at all, even though it was Ash Ketchum's Pikachu that made the explosion that caused the flashing lights.
An episode of The Simpsons called "Thirty Minutes Over Tokyo" made fun of "Dennō Senshi Porygon", as well as an episode of South Park called "Chinpokomon".

Jynx 
Jynx, a species of Pokémon, was criticized because it looked like it was using blackface (an old film-making technique that makes white actors look African-American).  It was also criticized because it looked like a drag queen (a man who dresses as a woman). This was not an issue in Japan, but it caused a lot of argument in the United States because of the United States' history of racism. Ever since then, Jynx has purple skin instead of black skin, and anime episodes featuring it were banned due to argument.

Game censorship 
In Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, the Pokémon Registeel had its sprite changed in some European versions, because its pose was too similar to a Nazi salute.
Another Nazi-related censorship was the trading card Koga's Ninja Trick. In this card, there are various symbols, one of them being the swastika. The swastika symbol is used in some cultures and religions. However, it is also used as a symbol of Nazism. Because of this, the symbol was changed in the English and International versions of the trading card.

References 

5.  Team GO Rocket arrival to Pokemon Go generated record breaking $110 million revenue in August  -AndroidNature.com- August 2019

 
 
Anime
Pokémon (abbreviated from ) is a Japanese anime series. It is part of the Pokémon media franchise which is owned by Nintendo. It has been brought to many other places, including North America, Europe, and Australia. The United States dub was originally made by 4Kids Entertainment; starting in 2006 the dub has been made by Pokémon USA.

Not long after Pokémon Red and Blue (the first Pokémon video games outside of Japan) were released, the anime was created. It was first broadcast in Japan in early 1997, and in the United States in late 1998. The anime started what has been called "Pokémania", which meant that after the anime came out, it became very popular among children, and many parents assumed it was a fad and no one would care about it in a couple years. However, it was never cancelled, and it is still running, and continues to maintain a fanbase consisting of people of all ages.
The anime shows the adventures of Ash Ketchum, a 10-year-old Pokémon trainer and his partner pikachu, who has many adventures, meeting many new people and Pokémon, Ash then leaves the anime and Pokemon Horizons then follows Liko and Roy who also go on adventures to meet people and Pokemon.

A number of Pokémon films have also been made that relate to the anime. The first one was Pokémon: The First Movie (released on 1998 in Japan and on 1999 in North America). They are still being made.

There are various bad guys in Pokemon like Team Rocket.

Seasons

Pokémon the Series: The Beginning (Series 1) 
 Pokémon: Indigo League
 Pokémon: Adventures on the Orange Islands

Pokémon the Series: Gold and Silver (Series 2) 

 Pokémon: The Johto Journeys
 Pokémon: Johto League Champions
 Pokémon: Master Quest

Pokémon the Series: Ruby and Sapphire (Series 3) 
 Pokémon: Advanced
 Pokémon: Advanced Challenge
 Pokémon: Advanced Battle
 Pokémon: Battle Frontier
Pokémon the Series: Diamond and Pearl (Series 4)
 Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl
 Pokémon: DP Battle Dimension
 Pokémon: DP Galactic Battles
 Pokémon: DP Sinnoh League Victors

Pokémon the Series: Black & White (Series 5)
 Pokémon: Black & White
 Pokémon: BW Rival Destinies
 Pokémon: BW Adventures in Unova
 Pokémon: BW Adventures in Unova and Beyond

Pokémon the Series: XY (Series 6)
Pokémon - The Series: XY
Pokémon - The Series: XY: Kalos Quest
Pokemon - The Series: XYZ

Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon (Series 7) 
 Pokemon the Series: Sun & Moon
 Pokemon the Series Ultra Sun and Moon

Pokemon Journeys (Series 8) 
 Pokemon Journeys
 Pokemon Master Journeys
 Pokemon Ultimate Journeys

Pokemon Horizons (Series 9) 
• Pokemon Horizons

Specials/Spin-offs
 Pokémon: Chronicles
 Pokémon: Origins
 Pokémon: Twilight Wings

Movies

Pokémon Feature Movies

TV Movies

References

Pokémon
Anime
Animated television series
Kids WB series
First run syndicated television programs
1998 television series debuts
is a video game series made by Shigeru Miyamoto and owned by Nintendo. It stars a gorilla called Donkey Kong.

Early series 
The original Donkey Kong was released in 1981.

 
Video game spin-offs
is a fantasy video game series made by HAL Laboratory and Nintendo. It was created by Masahiro Sakurai. The games are about Kirby, who can fly and likes to eat. Most of the games are platform games, but there are games of other genres.

History 
The first Kirby game was Kirby's Dream Land, made in 1992 for the Game Boy. It had a small set of levels that each introduced Kirby and the enemy characters. King Dedede was the villain fought at the end of the game.

The second Kirby game was Kirby's Adventure, made for the NES. It had many worlds, and each world had its own set of levels. Kirby's Adventure introduced Kirby's power to copy the powers of the enemies he eats. It was the first Kirby game to show Kirby in a pink color.
Kirby's Dream Land 2 brought some of Kirby's copy abilities to the Game Boy, as well as a set of worlds like in Kirby's Adventure. Kirby's Dream Land 3, made for the SNES, also used these parts of the game, in a new story. Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards let the player mix the copy abilities together to make new powers for Kirby to use.

More Kirby games were made for handheld game consoles: Kirby & the Amazing Mirror for the Game Boy Advance, and Kirby: Squeak Squad for the Nintendo DS. They gave Kirby a large set of copy abilities, like in Kirby's Adventure.

Kirby's Return to Dream Land was made in 2011 for the Wii. It showed the modern look of the characters.

 
Nintendo
Ace Attorney, known as  in Japan, is a video game series made by Capcom, with games released on the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo 3DS. The series is a visual novel style courtroom drama where a rookie defense attorney must get their falsely accused client a not guilty verdict and find the true culprit.

Games

The first Ace Attorney game was released in Japan in 2001. The game, Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney was made for the Game Boy Advance. In 2005, the game was released outside of Japan for the first time. This was with a Nintendo DS version of the game. Right now, the series has six main games and five spin-off games.

Related pages
 Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth
Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Spirit of Justice
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Trials and Tribulations

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Official website of the series 
 Official website of the series  
 Official website for Gyakuten Kenji  
 Court Records - Ace Attorney fansite, with information spanning all games in the series.
Oruchuban Ebichu (also known as ) is an anime. It was made by the Japanese animaion studio Gainax. The anime is based on the 1990 manga by Risa Itō.

In 1990 to 2007, the manga was published in the magazine Giga&chan (ギガ/Shan). It was published in the magazine ACTION PIZAZZ (アクションピザッツ) in 2007 and 2008. After 1999, The manga was published in book form. In 1999, it was shown on Television on DirecTV).

Plot 
this story is about a housekeeper hamster named Ebichu and her master, Gosujinjama,  who she calls Office Lady (OL).  The name Ebichu  comes from the Japanese beer "Yebisu".

Ebichu is a hamster. She is a faithful and very good housekeeper. She often does not have any tact. This often leads to her being abused yo OL. Gosujinjama is 25 years old (29 in the manga). She is has a bad temper.
Characters 
 Ebichu :  main character, housekeeper Hamster
 Goshujin-chama : (OL)  master of Ebichu
 Kaishonachi : boyfriend of Goshujin-chama
 Maa-kun : friends of Kaishonachi, Goshujin-chama
 Watanabe / Lady Hanadataki : friend of Goshujin-chama
 Mother of Goshujin-chama
 Kobayashi and Mrs. Kobayashi : new marriage couple.
 Other apartment woman
 girlfriends of Maa-kun

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Gainax's Ebichu website in Japanese 
 Futabasha's Ebichu website 
 Risa ITOU anime news & network.com

Japanese television series
is a comedy manga made by Koushi Rikudou. There's also an anime.

Anime
is an anime made by AN Entertainment.

Anime
Manga
Kirby Super Star Ultra is a remake of Kirby Super Star, a collection of side-scrolling platform video games for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It was made for Kirby's 15th anniversary. The game was released for the Nintendo DS in 2008.

Game modes and plot
Kirby Super Star Ultra has every game that the original Kirby Super Star has, along with new games. The original games are:
Spring Breeze: King Dedede had stolen food from the people of Dream Land. Kirby goes to his castle to stop him. A traditional Kirby platformer. This game is like a smaller version of the first Kirby game, Kirby's Dream Land.
Dyna Blade: Kirby must stop Dyna Blade, a giant bird, from disturbing Dream Land's crops. This game has five levels, two secret levels, and a mini-boss level. This game also has a world map.
Gourmet Race: King Dedede challenges Kirby to a gourmet race. A racing game where the player goes against King Dedede in a race while also eating as many food as possible.
The Great Cave Offensive: Kirby fell off a cave and explores it, discovering treasure as he finds the exit. A Metroidvania game with 60 hidden treasures. Some treasures are from other Nintendo games.
Revenge of Meta Knight: Meta Knight is unhappy with the laziness of Dream Land's people. He plans to take over Dream Land with his flying battleship, the Halberd. A story-driven game focused on Kirby's attempts to stop Meta Knight. Each level has a limited time to complete. After completing a level, the Halberd takes damage.
Milky Way Wishes: The sun and moon are fighting. Marx, tells Kirby to travel through eight planets to restore the wish granting Nova and stop the sun and moon from fighting. Kirby cannot use copy abilities. Instead, he collects "Copy Essence Deluxes". These allow Kirby to use copy abilities at any time.
The Arena: A boss rush mode that where the player fights every boss in the game with only one life and a free selection of abilities at the start of the game. The player can heal up to five times, and are given two random abilities between boss fights.
The new games are:

Revenge of the King: A traditional Kirby platformer. It is like Spring Breeze, but harder.
Meta Knightmare Ultra: Meta Knight prepares for the "ultimate battle". It is a game where you play as Meta Knight and control him through various actions on the touch screen.
Helper to Hero: A version of The Arena where the player takes control of the helper characters.
The True Arena: A version of The Arena which has the bosses from Revenge of the King. It also has a new boss called Marx Soul.
Sub-games: There are three new sub-games: Snack Tracks, Kirby Swipe, and Kirby on the Draw. They use the console's touch screen and can be played with up to four players.

Video game remakes
Kirby
Nintendo DS games
2008 video games

en:Kirby Super Star#Remake
SummerSlam was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on August 17, 2008 at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the 21st annual SummerSlam event and starred wrestlers from the Raw, SmackDown and ECW brands.

Results

Related pages
List of WWE pay-per-view events
SummerSlam

References

Other websites 
The official website of WWE SummerSlam 2008
SummerSlam 2008 Microsite (Macromedia Flash Player needed) 

2008 in professional wrestling
SummerSlam
History of Indianapolis
2008 in American television
21st century in Indiana
HAL Laboratory is a video game developer and a second party to Nintendo. They are best known for developing the Kirby series and the Super Smash Bros. series. They also develop the BoxBoy! series.

References

Kirby
Super Smash Bros.
1980 establishments in Asia
Video game companies of Japan
Wario Land: The Shake Dimension (known as Wario Land: Shake It! in North America) is a platform video game made by Good-Feel and published by Nintendo for the Wii game console.

Gameplay 
The Shake Dimension is a side-scrolling platform game that uses 3D cel-shading to make it look hand-drawn. It stars Wario, and the player controls him by holding the Wii Remote like an NES controller. Wario can jump, do a shoulder bash, and at certain times, can use the Wii Remote's motion features to shake stuff or control stuff.

References 

2008 video games
Wii games
Wii-only games
Wario
Rosario Isabel Dawson (born May 9, 1979) is an American actress. Her first movie was Kids in 1995. Since then, she has become known for her roles in Men in Black II (2002), 25th Hour (2002), The Rundown (2003), Alexander (2004), Sin City (2005), Death Proof (2007), Eagle Eye (2008), Unstoppable (2010), César Chávez (2013), Trance (2013), The Lego Batman Movie (2017) and Zombieland: Double Tap (2019).

She also plays Ahsoka Tano in the Disney+ Star Wars series The Mandalorian and Ahsoka.

Dawson endorsed Barack Obama for re-election in 2012, and Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination in the 2016 and 2020 presidential primaries. 

She dated U.S. Senator Cory Booker from 2019 until 2022. Dawson adopted a 12-year-old girl in 2014.

In February 2020, Dawson publicly came out as a member of the LGBT community.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1979 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
American comics writers
American political activists
American LGBT writers
LGBT actors
LGBT singers
Singers from New York City
LGBT people from New York City
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
American voice actors
American stage actors
The Age is a newspaper made in Melbourne, Australia. It is owned by an Australian company called Fairfax, and its first edition was on 17 October 1854.

The newspaper was first made by John and Henry Cooke. They also had a merchant business called Francis Cooke and Co.. They said they would use the newspaper to help miners in the Australian Gold Rush. The newspaper has become very popular since then. According to its website, it gets up to 957,000 on Saturdays. The editor is Andrew Jaspan, who got the job in 2004. He got in trouble in 2008 when The Age journalists agreed that he had been making it hard for them to make news reports independently.

References

Other websites 
 The Age homepage
 Video - "A new chapter for The Age" 

Newspapers published in Australia
Organizations based in Melbourne
1854 establishments
1850s establishments in Australia
MINIX is a Unix-like computer operating system based on a microkernel architecture. Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote the operating system so it could be used for educational purposes; MINIX also helped Linus Torvalds design the Linux kernel. Its name comes from the words minimal and Unix.

Released under the BSD license, MINIX is free and open source.

History 
Andrew S. Tanenbaum created MINIX at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.

MINIX 3 
MINIX 3 was announced to the public on 24 October 2005 by Andrew Tanenbaum during his speech on top of the ACM Symposium Operating System Principles conference. MINIX 3 currently supports only IA-32 architecture PC systems. It has a Live CD format that lets it be used on a computer without installing it.
Version 3.1.2 was released 8 May 2006. It contains X11, emacs, vi, cc, gcc, perl, python, ash, bash, zsh, ftp, ssh, telnet, pine, and over 400 other common UNIX programs. With the addition of X11, this version starts the change from a Text-Only System.
MINIX and Linux 
The design principles Tanenbaum applied to MINIX had influenced the design decisions Linus Torvalds applied in the creation of the Linux kernel. Torvalds used and appreciated MINIX, but his design was different from the MINIX architecture in significant ways, most notably by employing a monolithic kernel instead of a microkernel. This was famously disapproved by Tanenbaum in the Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate. (Tanenbaum explained again his rationale for using a microkernel in May 2006.)

Linux being copied from MINIX 
In May 2004 Kenneth Brown of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution raised the accusation   that major parts of the Linux kernel had been copied from MINIX, in a book called Samizdat.

These accusations were rejected by Andrew Tanenbaum, who said that Kenneth Brown was very wrong and published a long rebuttal on his personal website.
Licensing 
Its licensing fee was very small ($69) compared to the ones of other operating systems.  Although Tanenbaum wished for MINIX to be as easily available to students, his publisher would not allow it.

When free/open source Unix-like operating systems such as Linux became available in the early 1990s, many volunteer software developers stopped using MINIX for Linux.  In April 2000, MINIX became free/open source software under a permissive free software licence, but by this time other operating systems were much better, and it was mostly used as an operating system for students and hobbyists.

Related pages
GNU Hurd
HelenOS
QNX

References

Other websites 

 Official MINIX 3 Operating System site 
 The MINIX category  at the Open Directory Project
 History of MINIX from Andrew Tanenbaum

Operating systems
Causality is a way to describe how different events relate to one another. Suppose there are two events A and B. If B happens because A happened, then people say that A is the cause of B, or that B is the effect of A.

What looks very simple, is in fact a difficult problem. Many people have tried to solve it, they have come up with different solutions

Causality in Philosophy

Aristotle 

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher. He also looked at the problem of causality. In his books Posterior analytics and Metaphysics he wrote:
 "All causes are beginnings..."
 "... we have scientific knowledge when we know the cause..."
 "... to know a thing's nature is to know the reason why it is..."
This can be used to explain causality. Aristotle found different kinds of causes:
The material cause is that "raw material" from which a thing is made.  This is sometimes called  the part-whole causation. Example: The bronze of a statue.
 The formal cause tells us what, by using the example of an artist, a thing is planned to be.  This is sometimes called the whole-part causation. Example the shape of a statue.
 The efficient cause is that external thing that causes the change in the first place. It shows ' what causes change of what is changed'. It covers all possible types of things, and is the modern definition of cause.  Example: the artisan making the statue, the art of bronze-working, the man who gives the advice, the father of a child.
 The final cause describes why something exists.  The final cause, or telos, is the purpose of the thing.  This includes modern ideas of causation, such as wanting or needing something to be, or those that give a purpose to behaviour  Example: The reason why the artist wanted to make the statue.
Aristotle told people of two types of causes: proper (prior) causes and accidental (chance) causes. Both types of causes, can be spoken as potential or as actual, particular or generic. The same language refers to the effects of causes; so that generic effects assigned to generic causes, particular effects to particular causes, and operating causes to actual effects. It is also essential that ontological causality does not suggest the temporal relation of before and after - between the cause and the effect; that spontaneity (in nature) and chance (in the sphere of moral actions) are among the causes of effects belonging to the efficient causation, and that no incidental, spontaneous, or chance cause can be prior to a proper, real, or underlying cause per se.
David Hume 
David Hume was another philosopher who looked at the relation between cause and effect. Hume thinks that there are certain things all such relations of cause and effect have in common.:
 Cause and effect must be located close to each other. It is possible that causes far away have an effect close by, but they can only do this by a chain of cause-effect reactions.
 The effect always comes after the cause.
 There is a third element, called force or necessity. Water is usually fluid and transparent. From these properties, it is not apparent however that a man can suffocate in it.

Hume says that if someone is used to always seeing the same things occur in the same order, he will get accustomed to them being in that order. When he sees one event occur, he will expect the other to occur as well:
Causality in Logic 
Logic is the science that looks at how to build an argument. In Logic, there are usually two different types of causes. They are called necessary cause and sufficient cause.
 A necessary cause is a cause that says: Whenever B occurs, A will also have occurred. Knowing that A occurred, on the other hand does not necessarily imply that B will also have occurred.  Example: Senators in the United States need to be at least 30 years old. People that are younger cannot become senators. Therefore, any senator is at least 30 years old. (On the other hand: there are people that are at least 30 years old  that are not senators).
A sufficient cause is a cause that says If I know A occurred, I can conclude that B also occurred. Example:  The center of a playing card is marked with a special symbol, called a large spade (♠). This is sufficient to say that the card is an ace.  There are three other cards in the game that are also aces. They are marked with a diamond (♦), a heart (♥), or a club (♣). It is not necessary to know that these three other cards exist or what they mean. On the other hand, there are no cards that are aces, except for those listed.
Related pages 
Free will
Determinism
Karma

References

Other websites 
 "The Art and Science of Cause and Effect": a slide show and tutorial lecture by Judea Pearl
 "The Buddhist Dharma of Cause and Effect as seen in the Lotus Sutra" : a Buddhist school based on this law of life as seen in the Lotus Sutra. Website in Italian and English.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 
 Aristotle on Causality
 Kant and Hume on Causality
 Backwards Causation
 Probabilistic Causation
 Causation and Manipulability
 Counterfactual Theories of Causation
 Causal Processes
 Causation in the Law
 Medieval Theories of Causation
 The Metaphysics of Causation

General 
 Dictionary of the History of Ideas:  Causation
 Dictionary of the History of Ideas:  Causation in Law
 Dictionary of the History of Ideas:  Causation in History

 

Logic
Wildhaus is a village and municipality near St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. About 1,200 people live there. Huldrych Zwingli was born there in 1484. With 9658, Wildhaus has the highest zip code in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Wildhaus and Alt St. Johann merged into the new municipality of Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann.

References

Other websites 

Wildhaus Online 

Former municipalities of St. Gallen
Villages in St. Gallen
Sir Muhammad Iqbal (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938),  widely known as Allama Iqbal,  was a Muslim poet and philosopher. Allama Iqbal gave the idea of Pakistan. He became the national poet of Pakistan after his death. He is also known as the poet of East. He wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian. His poetry is considered to be revolutionary.  His vision of an independent state for the Muslims of British India was a starting point for the creation of Pakistan. He is commonly referred to as Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal.
Early life and education 
Muhammad Iqbal was born on 9 November 1877. His father was Sheikh Noor Muhammad, who worked in a small government job but later started his own business, and his mother was Imam Bibi. Both Allama Iqbal's mother and father were very pious and religious-minded people and devoted to a simple life. After early Islamic education and then secondary at a small school in Sialkot, Iqbal was admitted to the Scottish Murray College, Sialkot, where he topped the higher secondary examinations and got a scholarship to study at the famous Government College, Lahore, for BA. On going to live in the hostel there, Iqbal met Professor Arnold, an English teacher who taught many things to Iqbal and guided him in his studies of philosophy and literature. He was very young at that time. He died on 21 April 1938.

Early career
Early career 

At that time, Iqbal also became well known as a new poet and writer. He used to go to attend the 'Mushaira' at the haveli of Hakim Syed Aminuddin, in BhaatiGate area of Old Lahore city—hekre, he met many famous poets and writers and also began to write good poems which became very popular. He was guided by Mirza Dagh. His first famous poem, Koh i Himala was also printed in Makhzan magazine, owned by Hakim Shuja uddin and Sir Abdul Qadir

After doing his BA and MA from Government College, Lahore, Iqbal was appointed a professor at this same institution and after some time, in 1905, he was selected for higher studies iUniversity of London, and then he went to Munich, Germany, where he took a PHD degree.  After all his study, Iqbal decided to go back and teach and also practice law in India.

Later career, poetic and ideological work
At that time he faced many difficulties. Although faced by some of the difficulties, Iqbal followed this plan. He taught some senior classes at Government College and also practiced Law at Lahore High Court. At the same time, he wrote many famous poems such as Asrar i Khudi, Ramuz i Bekhudi, Payam i Mashriq, Zabur i Ajam, Bang i Dara, Bal i Jibrail and  etc. Because of his learning and knowledge, people soon began to call him 'Allama' Iqbal and in 1923, King George V of Britain, giving him the title of Allama 'Sir' Muhammad Iqbal. He was awarded 5 awards.
Ideological work
Allama Iqbal was a poet and a philosopher. He was always concerned about the thoughts, ideas and condition of Muslims everywhere, but specially Indian Muslims who were under British Rule and also threatened by Brahman ruling population. Iqbal believed strongly in Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's earlier idea about 'Two Nation theory' that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations and should be allowed to live separately. He put forward this idea again in his famous Allahabad Address of Muslim League, in 1930, and also preached this in his poems and lectures. Allama's words and ideas inspired many Muslims, some of whom became leaders of the Muslim League, and struggled to obtain Pakistan later on. He was very popular amongst the Muslim masses too. Being such an influential poet for the Muslims of India, Iqbal also saw the Iqbal Day being celebrated during his lifetime across the sub-continent.

Death 
He died on 21 April 1938 in Lahore, Punjab, British India.
Related pages
 List of Urdu language poets
 List of notable Lahoris

References 

1873 births
1938 deaths
People of British India
Indian poets
Indian politicians
National symbols of Pakistan
Urdu poets
Indian philosophers
Writers from Lahore
Sialkot District
The 1984–85 NHL season was the 68th season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Edmonton Oilers won their second straight Stanley Cup by beating the Philadelphia Flyers four games to one in the final series.

This was the first year since they began broadcasting that CBC was not the lone network broadcaster in Canada.  While Molson continued to present Hockey Night in Canada on Saturday nights, rival brewery Carling O'Keefe began airing Friday night games on CTV.  The two networks split the playoffs and finals.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes. Teams qualifying for the playoffs shown in bold.

Prince of Wales Conference

Clarence Campbell Conference

Player statistics

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Source: NHL.
Source: NHL.

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; W = Won; L = Lost; T = Tied; GA = Goals allowed; GAA = Goals against average; SO = Shutouts

Playoffs

The defending champion Edmonton Oilers returned to the Final, meeting the overall regular season champion Philadelphia Flyers. In the Final, Edmonton would lose the first game to the Flyers but would then take the next four to win their second consecutive Stanley Cup.

Playoff bracket

Stanley Cup Finals

NHL awards

All-Star teams

All-Star teams

Milestones
First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1984–85 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
Gino Cavallini, Calgary Flames
Joel Otto, Calgary Flames
Ed Olczyk, Chicago Black Hawks
Marc Bergevin, Chicago Black Hawks
Gerard Gallant, Detroit Red Wings
Esa Tikkanen*, Edmonton Oilers
Steve Smith, Edmonton Oilers
Kevin Dineen, Hartford Whalers
Ray Ferraro, Hartford Whalers
Sylvain Côté, Hartford Whalers
Ulf Samuelsson, Hartford Whalers
Garry Galley, Los Angeles Kings
Patrick Roy, Montreal Canadiens
Petr Svoboda, Montreal Canadiens
Stephane Richer, Montreal Canadiens
Greg Adams, New Jersey Devils
Kirk Muller, New Jersey Devils
Dave Gagner, New York Rangers
Grant Ledyard, New York Rangers
Kelly Miller, New York Rangers
Tomas Sandstrom, New York Rangers
Rick Tocchet, Philadelphia Flyers
Doug Bodger, Pittsburgh Penguins
Mario Lemieux, Pittsburgh Penguins
Steve Thomas, Toronto Maple Leafs
Todd Gill, Toronto Maple Leafs
Al Iafrate, Toronto Maple Leafs
Petri Skriko, Vancouver Canucks
Kevin Hatcher, Washington Capitals
Dave Ellett, Winnipeg Jets
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1984–85 (listed with their last team):
 Terry O'Reilly, Boston Bruins
 Butch Goring, Boston Bruins
 Craig Ramsay, Buffalo Sabres
 Jerry Korab, Buffalo Sabres
 Jim Schoenfeld, Buffalo Sabres
 Réal Cloutier, Buffalo Sabres
 Bob MacMillan, Chicago Black Hawks
 Brad Park, Detroit Red Wings
 Colin Campbell, Detroit Red Wings
 Darryl Sittler, Detroit Red Wings
 Ivan Boldirev, Detroit Red Wings
 Steve Shutt, Los Angeles Kings
 Paul Holmgren, Minnesota North Stars
 Anders Hedberg, New York Rangers
 Robbie Ftorek, New York Rangers
 Rick Kehoe, Pittsburgh Penguins
 John Garrett, Vancouver Canucks

Note: Goring and Park were the last two players to have played in the NHL in the 1960s.

References

 Hockey Database
 NHL.com
 Oiler playoff highlights

1984 in the United States
1985 in Canada
1985 in the United States
National Hockey League seasons
Grant Scott Fuhr (born September 28, 1962) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League. In 2003, he was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Born of biracial parents, Fuhr was adopted as a baby and raised in Spruce Grove, Alberta.

Awards
Named to NHL Second All-Star Team in 1982
Named to NHL First All-Star Team  in 1988
Won Vezina Trophy in 1988
Won William M. Jennings Trophy in 1994 (shared with Dominik Hašek)
Participated in NHL All-Star Game in 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986 (MVP), 1988, 1989
In 1997, he was ranked number 70 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.

References

Other websites

One on One at Legends of Hockey.com
1962 births
American Hockey League players
Buffalo Sabres players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian adoptees
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Cape Breton Oilers players
Edmonton Oilers players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Rochester Americans players
Saint John Flames players
St. Louis Blues players
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Vezina Trophy winners
Victoria Cougars (1971–94) players
Ronald Jeffrey Hextall (born May 3, 1964 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender most often associated with the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League. He is the grandson of Hall-of-Famer Bryan Hextall, the son of former NHL player Bryan Hextall Jr. and nephew of former NHL player Dennis Hextall.

Awards
Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award – 1986
Named to AHL First All-Star Team – 1986
NHL Rookie of the Month of November – 1986
Vezina Trophy – 1987
Conn Smythe Trophy – 1987
NHL All-Rookie Team – 1987
NHL First All-Star Team – 1987
 Inducted into Flyers Hall of Fame – February 6, 2008

Career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

International play

References

Other websites
 
 
 CBC Digital Archives – Hextall boils over
1964 births
Living people
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba
New York Islanders players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Quebec Nordiques players
Vezina Trophy winners
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
The Brandon Wheat Kings are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Brandon, Manitoba. They compete in the Western Hockey League, and joined the league in the 1967–68 season. Prior to that they played in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League and were known as the Brandon Elks for a short time in the 1940s. They won 8 Turnbull Cup Championships as Manitoba Junior Champions, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1960, 1962, 1963,  & 1964 and appeared in the Memorial Cup five times: in 1949 (as an MJHL team), 1979, 1995, 1996 and 2010, losing each time.  The team plays its home games in Westman Communications Group Place (Keystone Centre). They also played at Wheat City Arena until 1969, and the Manex Arena from 1969 to 1972. Starting in 1973, the Wheat Kings owned and operated a farm team in the MJHL, called the Travellers.

An earlier incarnation of the Wheat Kings played for the Stanley Cup in 1904, but lost to the Ottawa Senators.
The 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings won the Abbott Cup defeating the Calgary Buffaloes. They went on to lose the Memorial Cup to the Montreal Royals. The 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings were inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in the team category. 

The Wheat Kings hold the CHL record for most points (125) in a single season, setting the mark in 1978–79.

The Western Hockey League announced on October 16, 2008, that the Wheat Kings were chosen to host the 2010 Memorial Cup championship at the Keystone Centre. They reached the final game, losing to the Windsor Spitfires.

Season-by-season record 
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Team records

NHL alumni

Notes

References 
 2005–06 WHL Guide

Other websites 
 Official website of the Brandon Wheat Kings
 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
1967 establishments in North America
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Manitoba
Western Hockey League
1960s establishments in Sweden
William Thomas Riker is a Star Trek: The Next Generation character. He is played by Jonathan Frakes. He is first officer on the starship Enterprise. This means that he is second in command of the starship and can give orders if the Captain is away.

Character story
Riker soon becomes very comfortable on the Enterprise, many times refusing offers of his own command. On part 1-2 on the episode "The Best of Both Worlds", Riker takes command on the Enterprise and orders Jean-Luc Picard rescued.

Star Trek: The Next Generation characters
A hall church is a type of church building. The term "hall church" is about the architecture of the building. Most very large churches and cathedrals are built with a long part where people sit, called the "nave". On each side of the nave is a lower "aisle". Between the nave and the aisles are rows of columns. Above the columns are windows which let light into the nave. In a hall church, there are no windows above the columns. The nave and the aisles are about the same height. 

Famous cathedrals which are hall churches are Milan Cathedral in Italy, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna and Bristol Cathedral in England. 

The term was first used in the mid-19th century by the German art historian Wilhelm Lübke.

Related pages
Gothic architecture

References 

Churches
Saint Thomas Church in Strasbourg is a Protestant church today. It is very important for Strasbourg, from a cultural and historic perspective. Strasbourg Cathedral had to be given to the Catholics when the French occupied Strasbourg in 1681. Since then, this church is the main Protestant church in the region. 

The veneration of St. Thomas at this particular spot was already present in the 6th century. A church and a school were built there in the 9th century. They burned down because lightning struck them in 1007 and again in 1144. A very large church built like a fortress to resist fires better was started in the year of 1196. Building works were interrupted several times, until they finished with building side-chapels in Gothic style. In 1524 the church became Lutheran. Today, it is in charge of several schools. There is also a seminary (A special school for priests) in the baroque building next to it.
There are 5 naves in the church. It is the oldest such church in southwest Germany, and the only "hall church" in Alsace. The church is also known for its organs. One of them was built by Johann Andreas Silbermann in 1741. The family Silbermann (father and sons) were the most important German organ-builders of the 18th century. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart played on this organ several times during the three weeks he spent in Strasbourg in 1778 and wrote in a letter to his father Leopold Mozart about it. The other organ (built for the choir) was designed by Albert Schweitzer and built in 1906. 

There is a gothic fresco of Saint Michael in the church. This is the largest of its kind in France after that of St. Christopher in Wissembourg, which is ten meters high.
There are also many notable tombs and tombstones in the church, the oldest is a romanesque masterwork from the 11th century, and the largest a baroque monument to field-marchal Maurice of Saxony that fills up the entire rear wall of the choir. Maurice could not be buried in Paris because he was Protestant, and since he was German by birth, Strasbourg was a fitting place.

The Saint Thomas church also houses medieval stained glass in its windows, although Protestants destroyed parts of it in the early years of the Reformation.

Gallery 

Gothic architecture
Buildings and structures in Strasbourg
1521 establishments
16th-century establishments in France
Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the takeover of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. In most cases the pilot is forced to fly according to the orders of the hijackers. Sometimes, the hijackers fly the planes themselves, as occurred in the September 11, 2001 attacks. In one case the official pilot hijacked the plane, when he diverted his internal Air China flight to Taiwan.

Related pages
 D. B. Cooper
 September 11 attacks
 Terrorism

References 

Hijacking
Types of crime
Terrorist attacks
General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport  in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States (and partly in the Town of Winthrop, Massachusetts), is one of the 20 busiest airports in the U.S., with over 27 million passengers a year. The airport serves as a focus city for American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, US Airways, and JetBlue Airways.

It covers 2,400 acres (10 km²), has six runways, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. The airport has service to destinations in the United States, as well as Canada, the Cape Verde Islands, the Caribbean, Europe, and Mexico. The distinctive central control tower, nearly a dozen stories high, is a local landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform trussed between them.
In 2010, it was the world's 28th busiest airport in terms of aircraft movements. The airport is also the 12th busiest airport in the U.S. based on international traffic. In 2010, it handled 3,681,739 international passengers. Logan Airport stimulates the New England regional economy by over $7 billion each year. It generates $559.4 million in state and local taxes.

Accidents and incidents
Accidents
 On October 4, 1960, Eastern Air Lines Flight 375 crashed into the sea while attempting to take off from Logan Airport. 62 people died and 10 people survived, incurring serious injuries.
 On November 15, 1961, A Vickers Viscount N6592C of Northeast Airlines was written off when it collided with a Douglas DC-6 N8228H of National Airlines after landing at Logan International Airport. The DC-6 had started to take-off without receiving clearance to do so.
 On July 31, 1973, Delta Air Lines Flight 723, a DC-9 airplane, crashed into a seawall at Logan Airport, causing the deaths of all 83 passengers and 6 crew members on board. One of the passengers initially survived the accident but later died in a hospital.
 On November 3, 1973, Pan Am Flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft, crashed on approach to Boston-Logan. Smoke in the cockpit caused the pilots to lose control. Three people died in the hull-loss accident.
On January 23, 1982, World Airways Flight 30 from Newark to Boston made a non-precision instrument approach to runway 15R and touched down  past the displaced threshold on an icy runway. When the crew sensed that the DC-10-30-CF could not be stopped on the remaining runway, they steered the DC-10 off the side of the runway to avoid the approach light pier, and slid into the shallow water of Boston Harbor. The nose section separated as the DC-10 came to rest  past the runway end,  left of the extended centerline. Two passengers (a father and son) were never found and are presumed to have been swept out to sea.
Incidents
 On July 2, 1976, an unoccupied Eastern Airlines L-188 Electra parked at Boston Logan Airport was destroyed by a bomb put in the landing gears. No one was hurt.
 On April 3, 1979, a portion of the south wing of Terminal E at Logan Airport was evacuated when a bathroom device triggered a blaze in a third-floor men's room.
 On the morning of September 11, 2001, two of the aircraft involved in the 9/11 terrorist attacks, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, left Logan International Airport at about 8:00 and 8:10, both bound for Los Angeles. Both planes were hijacked by terrorists associated with Al Qaeda and flown into the North and South Tower, of New York's World Trade Center on purpose, which made the towers collapse, which led the destruction of the World Trade Center. United and American Airlines have put American flags on Gates B32 and C19, the gates from which the flights left that day.
On December 22, 2001, Richard Reid attempted to blow up American Airlines Flight 63 with a bomb in his shoe over the Atlantic Ocean. The flight left Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and its intended destination was Miami International Airport. The flight was diverted to Boston after the passengers and crew caught Reid. One flight attendant was bitten on the thumb by Reid.
 On January 7, 2013, ground crew workers noticed smoke coming out from the battery part of a parked Japan Airlines Boeing 787 Dreamliner at the gate. This fire was caused by overcharged lithium-ion batteries, which then leading to the grounding of the 787 airplanes and subsequent redesign of the battery systems.
Gallery

References 

Transport in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Boston
Airports in the United States
The NHL Entry Draft is an event in which the teams of the National Hockey League (NHL) systematically select the rights to available amateur players who meet the requirements to play professional hockey in the NHL.

Draft order
Draft order in the Entry Draft is determined by a combination of lottery, regular season standing, and playoff results.  In all cases, the team considered is the original holder of the draft pick, not a team which may have acquired the pick via a trade or other means.
List of Drafts
2016 NHL Entry Draft - First Niagara Center - Buffalo, New York
2015 NHL Entry Draft - BB&T Center - Sunrise, Florida
2014 NHL Entry Draft - Wells Fargo Center - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2013 NHL Entry Draft - Prudential Center - Newark, New Jersey
2012 NHL Entry Draft - Consol Energy Center - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2011 NHL Entry Draft - Xcel Energy Center - St. Paul, Minnesota
2010 NHL Entry Draft - Staples Center - Los Angeles, California
2009 NHL Entry Draft - Bell Centre - Montreal, Quebec
2008 NHL Entry Draft - Scotiabank Place - Ottawa, Ontario
2007 NHL Entry Draft - Nationwide Arena - Columbus, Ohio
2006 NHL Entry Draft - GM Place - Vancouver, British Columbia
2005 NHL Entry Draft - The Westin Ottawa - Ottawa, Ontario
2004 NHL Entry Draft - RBC Center - Raleigh, North Carolina
2003 NHL Entry Draft - Gaylord Entertainment Center - Nashville, Tennessee
2002 NHL Entry Draft - Air Canada Centre - Toronto, Ontario
2001 NHL Entry Draft - National Car Rental Center - Sunrise, Florida
2000 NHL Entry Draft - Pengrowth Saddledome - Calgary, Alberta
1999 NHL Entry Draft - FleetCenter - Boston, Massachusetts
1998 NHL Entry Draft - Marine Midland Arena - Buffalo, New York
1997 NHL Entry Draft - Civic Arena - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1996 NHL Entry Draft - Kiel Center - St. Louis, Missouri
1995 NHL Entry Draft - Edmonton Coliseum - Edmonton, Alberta
1994 NHL Entry Draft - Hartford Civic Center - Hartford, Connecticut
1993 NHL Entry Draft - Colisée de Quebec - Quebec City, Quebec
1992 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1991 NHL Entry Draft - Memorial Auditorium - Buffalo, New York
1990 NHL Entry Draft - B.C. Place, Vancouver, British Columbia
1989 NHL Entry Draft - Metropolitan Sports Center - Bloomington, Minnesota
1988 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1987 NHL Entry Draft - Joe Louis Arena - Detroit, Michigan
1986 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1985 NHL Entry Draft - Metro Toronto Convention Centre - Toronto, Ontario
1984 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1983 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1982 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1981 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1980 NHL Entry Draft - Montreal Forum - Montreal, Quebec
1979 NHL Entry Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1978 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1977 NHL Amateur Draft - Mount Royal Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1976 NHL Amateur Draft - NHL Office - Montreal, Quebec
1975 NHL Amateur Draft - NHL Office - Montreal, Quebec
1974 NHL Amateur Draft - NHL Office - Montreal, Quebec
1973 NHL Amateur Draft - Mount Royal Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1972 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1971 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1970 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1969 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1968 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1967 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1966 NHL Amateur Draft - Mount Royal Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1965 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1964 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec
1963 NHL Amateur Draft - Queen Elizabeth Hotel - Montreal, Quebec