Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
South Waziristan () is the southern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11,585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal river to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, requiring frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. The region became part of Pakistan in 1947.

 Birmal Tehsil
 Ladha Tehsil
 Makin (Charlai) Tehsil
 Sararogha Tehsil
 Sarwekai Tehsil
 Tiarza Tehsil
 Toi Khullah Tehsil
 Wana Tehsil

Agencies of Federally Administered Tribal Areas
The National Football League (NFL) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament that happen at the end of the 17-game regular season. The team who  wins all these playoff games is the NFL champion.

Other websites 
 Super Bowl History
 Pro-Football-Reference.com - Large online database of NFL data and statistics.  Many of the game scores and records in this article can be found there.

National Football League
The 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by beating the Vancouver Canucks in four games.

Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league were re-aligned to better reflect the locations of the teams. The Patrick Division, which had been in the Clarence Campbell Conference, switched to the Prince of Wales Conference, while the Norris Division went the other way, going from the Wales Conference to the Campbell Conference. This divisional alignment existed until the 1993-94 season, at which point both the divisions and the conferences of the league were renamed to reflect geography.

Regular season
Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes

Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Prince of Wales Conference

Clarence Campbell Conference

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

Finals
New York Islanders vs. Vancouver Canucks

New York wins the series 4–0.

NHL awards

All-Star teams
All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1981–82 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
 Jiri Bubla, Vancouver Canucks
 Garth Butcher*, Vancouver Canucks
 Bob Carpenter, Washington Capitals
 Gaetan Duchesne, Washington Capitals
 Ron Francis, Hartford Whalers
 Grant Fuhr, Edmonton Oilers
 Randy Gregg*, Edmonton Oilers
 Dale Hawerchuk, Winnipeg Jets
 Ivan Hlinka, Vancouver Canucks
 Tim Hunter, Calgary Flames
 Pelle Lindbergh, Philadelphia Flyers
 Al MacInnis, Calgary Flames
 Troy Murray, Chicago Black Hawks
 Bernie Nicholls, Los Angeles Kings
 Marian Stastny, Quebec Nordiques
 Thomas Steen, Winnipeg Jets
 Tony Tanti, Chicago Black Hawks
 John Vanbiesbrouck, New York Rangers
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1981–82 (listed with their last team):
 Don Marcotte, Boston Bruins
 Rogie Vachon, Boston Bruins
 Bill Clement, Calgary Flames
 Eric Vail, Detroit Red Wings
 Dave Keon, Hartford Whalers
 Paul Shmyr, Hartford Whalers
 Rick Martin, Los Angeles Kings
 Steve Vickers, New York Rangers
 Bob Dailey, Philadelphia Flyers
 Jimmy Watson, Philadelphia Flyers
 Don Luce, Toronto Maple Leafs
 Rene Robert, Toronto Maple Leafs
 Jean Pronovost, Washington Capitals

References

 Hockey Database
 NHL.com

1981 in the United States
1982 in the United States
These are lists of active and all-time National Hockey League (NHL) franchise post-season appearance, post-season series win, Stanley Cup Final and Stanley Cup streaks up to and including the 2017–18 NHL season and subsequent 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs. These lists do not include the canceled 2004–05 NHL season.

Longest active streaks

Post-season appearance streaks

A post-season appearance streak is continued by making the NHL playoffs in consecutive years after the regular season. Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 8 series, there will always be 16 teams in this list (of the 31 teams in the NHL).

Post-season series win streaks

This is a list of teams that have active post-season series win streaks. A post-season series win streak is continued by making the post-season and winning at least the first round series of the playoffs. Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 16 teams in 8 series, there will always be 8 teams in this list, the winners of those series.
Longest all-time streaks

Post-season appearance streaks

This section has been updated to include teams who appeared in the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs.
1 The Bruins' 29 consecutive is the second longest post-season streak in North American major professional sports history, and the longest of the "Big 4".  This compares to the CFL's Edmonton Eskimos 34 consecutive, the NBA's Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers 22 consecutive, the MLB's Atlanta Braves 14 consecutive, the MLS' LA Galaxy 10 consecutive, and the NFL's 9 consecutive shared by two teams.
2 The nickname of the Chicago team was the "Black Hawks" for the majority of the streak – 17 of the 28 seasons. They were renamed the "Blackhawks" in 1986.
3 The Montreal Canadiens only missed the playoffs once – by a tie-breaker – in the 46 seasons from 1948–49 to 1993–94. In the 1969–70 season, they tied for fourth and last playoff spot with the New York Rangers, but were eliminated on total goals scored tiebreak (they scored 244 goals to New York's 246).
4 Includes 5 seasons as the Atlanta Flames (1975–76 through 1979–80), and 11 seasons as the Calgary Flames (1980–81 through 1990–91)
5 The Edmonton Oilers streak is the longest run from the NHL debut of a franchise, starting from the first year they were in the NHL (1979–80); although they aren't included in the NHL streak, they also made the WHA playoffs the preceding 4 seasons (1975–76 through 1978–79), for a streak of 17 consecutive playoff appearances in major professional hockey.
6 Includes 1 season as the Quebec Nordiques (1994–95), and 10 seasons as the Colorado Avalanche (1995–96 through 2005–06)
7 No post season occurred in 2005 due to the season long NHL lockout.
Post-season series win streaks
Consecutive seasons with at least one series victory.

Stanley Cup Final appearance streaks

Stanley Cup win streaks

1 Not the current Ottawa franchise. This franchise, an original member of the NHL, folded following the 1934–35 NHL season after playing one year as the St. Louis Eagles.

References

Franchise post-season appearance streaks
Franz Xaver Süßmayr (also spelled Süssmayr, born Schwanenstadt, Austria, 1766; died Vienna,  17 September 1803) was an Austrian composer.  He is often remembered for finishing Mozart’s Requiem which Mozart had not finished when he died.

His father was a sacristan and teacher. His mother died when he was 6, and he left home at 13. He went to Kremsmünster to study in a Benedictine monastery. When his voice changed, he became a member of the orchestra as a violinist.

The abbey performed operas and Singspiele, so he had the opportunity to study the operas of Christoph Willibald Gluck and Antonio Salieri. He composed a number of stage works and a good deal of church music for the abbey.

After 1787 he became a student of Salieri in Vienna. In 1792 he also became the vice-director and composer at the Kärntnertortheater.
He helped Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart  by copying out the music for La clemenza di Tito and Die Zauberflöte in 1791.   In the same year Mozart died.  He had not finished composing his  Requiem.  Süssmayr finished composing it and handed the completed work to Constanze, Mozart’s widow.

He composed Singspiele (German operas with spoken dialogue), and became Kapellmeister at the National Theater  From this time until 1800, he was very successful and popular on the Viennese music scene. However, he became ill with tuberculosis and had to stop work.  He died three years later in 1803.

1766 births
1803 deaths
Austrian composers
Classical era composers
Catch Me If You Can is a 1980 book by Frank Abagnale.  It talks about the four years that Abagnale was a con artist.  Abagnale sold the rights to make a movie before writing the book.  He wrote the book with a person named Stan Redding. The movie Catch Me If You Can was released in 2002.

1980 books
American autobiographies
Maronites (, transliterated: Mawārinah, , ) are members of one of the Syriac Eastern Catholic Churches, with a heritage reaching back to Maron in the early 5th century. The first Maronite patriarch, John Maron, was appointed in the late 7th century. Although reduced in numbers and estimated to have lost their status as a majority in Lebanon itself. Today, Maronites remain one of the principal religious groups in the country.

Before the conquest by Arabian Muslims reached Lebanon, which resulted in the Arabization of both those who would become Islamized and those that would remain non-Islamized, the Lebanese people, including Maronites, spoke a dialect of Aramaic, but have been Arabic-speaking since at least the 15th century. Syriac however, still remains the liturgical language of the Maronite Church.

References

Eastern Catholicism

Organizations based in Lebanon
Religion in Lebanon
Pantomime (often called panto) is a kind of theatre entertainment usually performed around Christmas and the New Year in Britain and a few other English-speaking countries.  It must not be confused with mime (acting with gestures but no speech). It is known for its comedy and audience participation. Pantomimes are usually meant for children-however they can be directed at adults.

History

A pantomimos in Ancient Greece used to be an entertainment performed by a solo dancer.  In the Middle Ages a form of theatre developed called Commedia dell'arte.  This was similar to a pantomime.  They told a story which had certain fixed characters: the lovers, the father, the servants etc.

The pantomime first arrived in England as a short entertainment (entr'acte) between opera pieces.  Eventually it became a separate show.

The pantomime today
Today the pantomime is traditionally performed at Christmas.  It is a show for children, but grownups like it as well.  Usually a well-known story is told, e.g. Cinderella, Jack and the Beanstalk, Pinocchio, The Three Little Pigs, Puss in Boots, The Musicians of Bremen, Little Red Riding Hood and Goldilocks and the Three Bears and Snow White etc.  There is a lot of spoken dialogue but there are also songs, and sometimes the audience join in.  There are many traditions in pantomime.  These are some of the main ones:
The main young man in the play (the principal boy) may be played by a young woman, and usually in tight-fitting male clothes (such as breeches).
An older woman (the pantomime dame – often the hero's mother) is usually played by a man dressed as a woman.
Risqué (double entendre) jokes, meaning that perfectly ordinary words make people think of a naughty (sexy) meaning. Often the children do not understand these jokes. The jokes are intended for adults.
The audience take part (audience participation).  For example, they call "look behind you!" (or "he's behind you!"), and "Oh, yes it is!" or "Oh, no it is not!" The audience is always encouraged to "Boo" the villain, and "Awwwww" the poor victims, such as the rejected dame, who usually fancies the prince.
A song combining a well-known tune with different words.
The animal, played by an actor in "animal skin" or animal costume. It is often a pantomime horse or cow, played by two actors in a single costume, one as the head and front legs, the other as the body and back legs.
The good fairy always enters from stage right and the evil villain enters from stage left. In Commedia dell'arte the right side of the stage symbolized Heaven and the left side symbolized Hell.
The members of the cast throw out sweets to the children in the audience, or choose a few to come on stage and ask them questions.
Sometimes the story villain will squirt members of the audience with water guns or pretend to throw a bucket of "water" at the audience that is actually full of something harmless such as streamers.
Sometimes the comedy is slapstick, e.g. the actors throw custard pies in one another's faces.
Sometimes there is a celebrity guest star.
Related pages
Mime

Mimes
Comedy
Michael Collins (October 31, 1930 – April 28, 2021) was an American astronaut and test pilot. He was the pilot of the Apollo 11 mission to the moon.

Air force pilot 
Collins went to the United States Military Academy. After training, he joined the United States Air Force. He flew F-86s at Chambley-Bussieres Air Base, France. He got into the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960. He tried to get into the second astronaut training group but he was not accepted. He did get into the third group.

Astronaut 
Collins joined the third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963. He had 2 space flights. His first spaceflight was in Gemini 10. With John Young they joined up in space with two different spacecraft. Collins also did two space walks. 

His second space flight was in Apollo 11 where he was the command module pilot. While he kept going around the Moon, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the lunar surface. He is one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon.
Later life and death 
Collins left NASA in 1970. He took a job in the Department of State as Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs during the Richard Nixon presidency. A year later he became the director of the National Air and Space Museum. He did this job until 1978. He then became the undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1980 he took the job as Vice President of LTV Aerospace. He left in 1985 to start his own business.

He was married to Patricia. They have three children: Kate, Ann and Michael, Jr. Kate is an actress, best known for her role as Natalie Marlowe Dillon in the daytime television drama All My Children.

Collins died of cancer in Naples, Florida on April 28, 2021 at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2021 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
American astronauts
American aviators
Apollo astronauts
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Washington, D.C.
American autobiographers
Saturn V was the launch vehicle used by NASA in the Apollo program.  The Saturn V carried Apollo 11 to the Moon in 1969, after years of trial, study, and research into its design.  Much of the rocket was designed by German engineer and scientist Wernher von Braun, who had previously created the V2 rocket under Nazi Germany.  32 Saturn-model rockets were sent up into space in total, with the launches split between the smaller Saturn I, and its bigger sibling, the Saturn V.  15 Saturn V rockets were made, and 13 were sent up to space for missions. There were two Saturn V's launched with no people in them, used as 'dress rehearsals', with the first manned Apollo flight using a Saturn V being Apollo 8, which was sent around the Moon on December 21, 1968.The Saturn V rocket was a three-part machine. It stood  high and weighed . The first rockets were able to carry  , which went up to  for the later Apollo flights
. The first and second stages gave the power needed to lift the rocket off of Earth, intended to break through the atmosphere, so that the weaker third stage could go the rest of the way. The first and second stages each had five engines. The first stage burned kerosene and liquid oxygen together, with the other stages burning a mixture of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
The first stage engines burned for 168 seconds and was able to lift Apollo about  off of from the launch pad.  The second stage burned for about 8 minutes, in order to take Apollo through the upper atmosphere.  By this time, it was traveling at .

The third stage was used for 2 minutes and 30 seconds to put Apollo into an Earth orbit. This was at a height of  above the Earth. The third stage was started again and burned for 6 minutes to make the speed go up to  needed to send Apollo off to the Moon.

Related pages 
 Apollo program
 NASA

Notes

References

Other websites

NASA sites 
 Three Saturn Vs on Display Teach Lessons in Space History 
 Apollo Lunar Surface Journal 
 Declassified 1964 NASA technical memo on Saturn Rockets Note that this is a large PDF file (61 Megabytes)
 Launch complex 39 facility description from 1966 (10 Megabyte PDF file)
 Exploring the Unknown Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program
Other websites 
 Apollo Saturn Reference Page
 Project Apollo Archive
 Apollo/Saturn V Development ApolloTV.net Video
 Saturn I-IVB Stage
 xkcd:Up Goer Five

Apollo program
Rockets
Wernher von Braun
Kajaani () is a town in the region of Kainuu, Finland. In 2009, it had a population of about 38,000. It covers an area of .

The forestry and lumber industries are important in Kajaani.

The former municipality of Vuolijoki was merged with Kajaani in 2007.

References

Other websites 

 The official Kajaani page

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Kainuu
There are several people named Michael Collins:

 Michael Collins (Irish leader), Irish partisan
 Michael Collins (movie), about the Irish partisan
 Michael Collins (astronaut), pilot of Apollo 11
Michael "Mick" Collins ( 16 October 1890 – 22 August 1922) was an Irish revolutionary leader. He was a Minister for Finance and Teachta Dála (TD member of parliament) for Cork South in the First Dáil of 1919. He was also the Director of Intelligence for the Southern IRA, and member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations. After that he was both Chairman of the Provisional Government and Commander-in-chief of the National Army. Throughout this time, at least as of 1919, he was also President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Under the rules of the Brotherhood this meant that he was President of the Irish Republic. Collins was shot and killed in August 1922, during the Irish Civil War.
Early years
He was born on his family farm named Woodfield in Sam's Cross near Clonakilty, West Cork. Michael Collins was the third son and youngest of eight children. Most biographies state his date of birth as 16 October 1890; however, his tombstone gives his date of birth as 12 October 1890. His father, also named Michael, was a member of the republican Fenian movement, but had left and settled down to farming. Collins was six years old when his father died.
After leaving school aged 15, Collins took the British Civil Service examination in Cork in February 1906,. In 1910, he moved to London where he became a messenger at a London firm of stock brokers, Horne and Company. While in London he lived with his elder sister, and studied at King's College London. He joined the London GAA and, through this, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, a secret, oath-bound society dedicated to achieving Irish independence. In 1915, he moved to the Guaranty Trust Company of New York where he remained until his return to Ireland the following year.

Easter Rising
Michael Collins first became known during the Easter Rising in 1916. A skilled organiser and very intelligent, he was highly respected in the IRB. When the Rising itself took place on Easter Monday, 1916, he fought alongside Patrick Pearse and others in the General Post Office in Dublin.
Collins, like many of the other participants, was arrested, almost executed. He was imprisoned at Frongoch internment camp. Collins became one of the leading figures in Sinn Féin after the Rising. This was a small nationalist party which the British government and the Irish media mistakenly accredited the Rising to. By October 1917, Collins had become a member of the executive of Sinn Féin and Director of Organisation of the Irish Volunteers. Éamon de Valera was president of both organisations.

The first Irish Parliament, the Dáil Éireann

Collins was nominated in the 1918 general election to elect Irish MPs to the British House of Commons in London. Collins won for Sinn Féin, becoming MP for Cork South. However, unlike their rivals in the Irish Parliamentary Party, Sinn Féin MPs had announced that they would not take their seats in Westminster, but instead would set up an Irish Parliament in Dublin.
That new parliament, called Dáil Éireann (meaning "Assembly of Ireland") met in the Mansion House, Dublin in January 1919, although De Valera and leading Sinn Féin MPs had been arrested.

In de Valera's absence, Cathal Brugha was elected Príomh Aire ('Main' or 'Prime', Minister', but often translated as 'President of Dáil Éireann'). He was replaced by de Valera, when Collins helped him escape from Lincoln Prison in April 1919.

The Irish War of Independence began on the same day that the First Dáil met on 21 January 1919.  An ambush party of IRA volunteers acting without orders and led by Seán Treacy attacked a group of Royal Irish Constabulary men. They were escorting a shipment of gelignite to a quarry in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary. Two policemen were shot dead during the fight. This incident is considered to be the first action taken in the Irish War of Independence.
1919 and the start of the War of Independence
In 1919, Collins had a number of roles. In the summer he was elected president of the IRB, Director of Intelligence of the Irish Republican Army. He also became the Minister for Finance. His ministry was able to organise a large bond issue in the form of a "National Loan" to fund the new Irish Republic. Collins and Richard Mulcahy were the two main organisers for the Irish Republican Army, in as far as it was possible to direct the actions of disorganised guerrilla units.

In 1920, the British offered a prize of £10,000 (equivalent to GB£474,000.00 / €535,026.83 in 2017) for information leading to the capture or death of Collins. His fame had so transcended the IRA movement that he was nicknamed "The Big Fellow".

In July 1921, the British suddenly offered a truce.  Arrangements were made for a conference between the British government and the leaders of the as-yet unrecognised Irish Republic.
In August 1921, Eamonn de Valera made the Dáil upgrade his office from Prime Minister to President of the Irish Republic. This made him on the same level as George V in the negotiations. Eventually, however, he said that as the King would not attend, then neither would he. Instead, with the reluctant agreement of his cabinet, de Valera assembled a team of delegates to go in his place. The team was headed by Vice-President Arthur Griffith with Collins as Deputy.

Anglo-Irish Treaty
The negotiations resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty which was signed on 6 December 1921. In it, a new state was agreed upon, called the "Irish Free State". The agreement made an all-Ireland state possible. The six-county region in the northeast could opt out of the Free State if they wanted to. If this happened, an Irish Boundary Commission was to redraw the Irish border. The Irish Free State was established in December 1922, and as expected, Northern Ireland opted to remain part of the United Kingdom proper.
Although it was not the republic he was fighting for, Collins concluded that the Treaty offered Ireland "the freedom to achieve freedom." He knew that the treaty, and in particular the issue of partition, would not be popular in Ireland. When he signed the treaty, he said "I have signed my own death warrant."

Sinn Féin split over the treaty, and the Dáil debated the matter bitterly for ten days until it was approved by a vote of 64 to 57.  The Supreme Council of the IRB, which was informed in detail about the Treaty negotiations voted unanimously (without exceptions) to accept the Treaty. The only exception was the later COS of the IRA Liam Lynch.

Provisional Government

As expected, the Treaty was extremely controversial in Ireland.

First, Éamon de Valera, President of  the Irish Republic until 9 January, had been unhappy that Collins had signed any deal without his and his cabinet's authorisation.
Second, the contents of the Treaty were bitterly disputed. De Valera and many other members of the republican movement did not want Ireland to be a dominion of the British Empire. They did not like the symbolism of having to give a statement of faithfulness to the British king.
In the months leading up to the outbreak of civil war in June 1922, Collins tried to heal the split in the nationalist movement and prevent civil war. De Valera, having opposed the Treaty in the Dáil, withdrew from the assembly with his supporters. Collins secured a compromise, "The Collins/De Valera Pact", whereby the two factions of Sinn Féin, pro- and anti-Treaty, would fight the soon-to-be Free State's first election jointly and form a coalition government afterwards. This Pact was agreed without Griffith's knowledge and he opposed it as a potential betrayal of the Treaty. For a time it appeared that a split would occur in the pro-Treaty ranks but Griffith relented realizing that Collins held all the power. His friendship with Collins did not survive.
To try and find a compromise, Collins proposed that the Free State would have a republican constitution, with no mention of the British king. However, the British did not sign the proposed republican constitution. They argued they had signed the Treaty in good faith and its terms could not be changed so quickly.

Civil War

On 14 April 1922, a group of 200 anti-Treaty IRA men occupied the Four Courts in Dublin in defiance of the Provisional government. Collins, who wanted to avoid civil war at all costs, did not attack them until June 1922, when British pressure also forced his hand. After a final attempt to persuade the men to leave, Collins borrowed two 18 pounder artillery pieces from the British and bombarded the Four Courts until the men surrendered.

This led to the Irish Civil War as fighting broke out in Dublin between the anti-Treaty IRA and the provisional government's troops.
Under Collins' supervision, the Free State rapidly took control of the capital. In July 1922, anti-Treaty forces held the southern province of Munster and several other areas of the country. De Valera and the other anti-Treaty TDs supported the anti-Treaty IRA.

By mid-1922, Collins no longer really worked as Chairman of the Provisional Government. He became the Commander-in-Chief of the National Army, a formal uniformed army that formed around the pro-Treaty IRA.
Collins, along with Richard Mulcahy and Eoin O'Duffy decided on a series of seaborne landings into republican held areas. They re-took Munster and the west in July–August 1922. As part of this offensive, Collins travelled to his native Cork. This was against the advice of his companions, and despite suffering from stomach ache and depression. Collins is said to have told his comrades that "They wouldn't shoot me in my own county".
He recorded his plan for peace in his diary: Republicans must "accept the People's Verdict" on the Treaty, but could then "go home without their arms (guns). We don't ask for any surrender of their principles". "We want to avoid any possible unnecessary destruction and loss of life." But if Republicans did not accept his terms, "further blood is on their shoulders".

Death
Death

On the road to Bandon, at the village of Béal na mBláth (Irish, "the Mouth of Flowers"), Collins stopped to ask directions. However the man whom they asked, Dinny Long, was also a member of the local Anti-Treaty IRA. An ambush was then prepared for the convoy when it made its journey back to Cork city. They knew Collins would return by the same road as the two other roads from Bandon to Cork were destroyed by Republicans. The ambush party, commanded by Liam Deasy, opened fire on Collins' convoy.

Collins was killed in the gun battle, which lasted about 20 minutes, from 8:00 p.m. to 8:20 p.m. He was the only fatality. He had ordered his convoy to stop and return fire, instead of choosing the safer option of driving on in his touring car or transferring to the safety of the accompanying armoured car, as his companion, Emmet Dalton, had wished. They do not know who fired the fatal shot.
Collins' men brought his body back to Cork where it was then shipped to Dublin because it was feared the body might be stolen in an ambush if it were transported by road. His body lay in state for three days in Dublin City Hall where tens of thousands of mourners walked past his coffin to pay their respects. His funeral mass took place at Dublin's Pro Cathedral where a number of foreign and Irish dignitaries were in attendance. Some 500,000 people attended his funeral, almost one fifth of the country's population.

Eamon de Valera is reported to have stated in 1966:
"I can't see my way to becoming Patron of the Michael Collins Foundation. It is my considered opinion that in the fullness of time history will record the greatness of Collins and it will be recorded at my expense"However, there is some doubt that de Valera ever made this controversial statement.
Commemoration
An annual commemoration ceremony takes place each year in August at the ambush site at Béal na mBláth, Cork.  There is also a remembrance ceremony in Glasnevin at Collins' graveside.  In November 2023 a bronze statue of him with a bicycle was put in the Grand Parade in Cork city, near where he spent the last night of his life.

Societies
The Collins 22 Society established in 2002 is an international organisation dedicated to keeping the name and legacy of Michael Collins in living memory. The patron of the society is Nora Owen, grand-niece of Michael Collins.

In popular culture
In popular culture

Movies
The 1936 movie Beloved Enemy, starring David Niven, is a fictionalised account of Collins' life. Unlike the real Michael Collins, the fictionalised "Dennis Riordan" (played by Brian Aherne) is shot, but recovers. Hang Up Your Brightest Colours, a British documentary by Kenneth Griffith, was made for ITV in 1973, but refused transmission. It was eventually screened by the BBC in Wales in 1993 and across the United Kingdom the following year.

An Irish documentary made by Colm Connolly for RTE Television in 1989 called The Shadow of Béal na Bláth covered Collins' death. A made for TV film, The Treaty, was produced in 1991 and starred Brendan Gleeson as Collins and Ian Bannen as David Lloyd George. In 2007 RTE produced a documentary entitled Get Collins, centered around the intelligence war which took place in Dublin.

Collins was the subject of director Neil Jordan's 1996 film Michael Collins, with Liam Neeson in the title role.

Related pages

References

Sources
Sources

Other websites
  Michael Collins Centre 
  Collins 22 Society
 A Man Against an Empire

1890 births
1922 deaths
Assassinated people
Government ministers of Ireland
Irish Free State
Irish republicanism
Murders by firearm
People from County Cork
Prisoners of war
Sinn Féin members of Dáil Éireann
Irish crime victims
Sophora davidii  is a deciduous shrub from south-west China. It can grow up to 3 metres tall. It has blue and white pea flowers and is also known a David mountain laurel. It has been gathered in Texas.

References

Other websites 

Two New Members of the Callerya Group (Fabaceae) 
New Aspects in Floral Development of Papilionoideae
S. viciifolia Hance var. chuansiensis C.Y.Ma

Faboideae
Shrubs
A school is an educational environment where children go to learn from a teacher. Topics such as reading, writing, and mathematics are central to education. 

Most of a student's time is spent in a classroom. This is where 10 to 30 people sit to take part in educational discussion. In the United States, the average number of students per classroom in primary schools is 23.1. 

The term "school" is used for many educational environments  particularly in North America. In North America a person taking a first degree at a university is often self-described as "going to school". In Europe that would never be the case. They would describe themselves as "going to university". The  style of university education can be so different between countries. 

There are different types of schools: elementary schools (primary in the UK), middle schools (secondary in the UK), and so on.
In many places around the world, children must go to school for a certain number of years. Learning may take place in the classroom, in outside environments or on visits to other places. Colleges and universities are places to learn for students over 17 or 18 years of age. Vocational schools teach skills people need for jobs.

Some people attend school longer than others. This is because some jobs require more training than others, like for example becoming a doctor takes about 10-14 years of education. For young children, one teacher may teach all subjects. Teachers for older students are more specialized, and they only teach a few subjects. Common subjects taught include science, arts such as music, humanities, like geography and history, and languages.
Children with mental health problems, and problems such as autism and other conditions, usually do not go to regular schools. These children are given other ways to get schooling, like special schools. There also are special schools which teach things which regular schools do not. 

Graduate schools are in universities. They are for students who have graduated with a first degree from colleges and universities. The aim is to offer Masters and PhD courses to the best students.

Schools for boys and schools for girls 
Education for all is quite modern. In England, for example, most people could not read or write, even early in the 19th century. We know this because when they got married, those who could not write put an 'X' on the certificate, and someone else wrote down their name. Widespread education for reading and writing began in the 19th century.
Long ago, most schools were run by religious denominations. That is because clerics were once almost the only people who were literate: they were able to read and write.  

In most countries boys were taught differently to girls, and separately from girls. Today, many countries have schools which accept both boys and girls, though some places still have separate schools for girls. Some parents believe that girls do better in single-sex schools.

School as a place to learn for life 
In many parts of the world, schools also help children learn things about life.
 In school, pupils develop their personality.
 Schools teach pupils about religion and ethics.
 Schools help children recognise socially accepted norms and behaviour.
Pedagogy is the science of teaching children. Different schools use different ways of teaching. There is quite a lot of disagreement about what and how students should be taught. Many countries solve this by allowing different types of school, so parents and children have some choice. Choices may include home education, which is a controversial idea. Few people do this. Even in pre-modern times most children were taught in groups. Age-grouping is also ancient. It was done in many African tribes for a long time before the present.
Comprehensive schools 
A British term which means roughly "a secondary school for all children in a particular neighbourhood". It includes the idea of taking both boys and girls in one school, and the idea of taking children of all abilities. In practice it has many of the problems which are endemic in American high schools. Among its main faults are said to be: putting girls and boys together at the sensitive time of puberty, and the behavioural problems associated with having such a wide range of young people in a large school. Evidence for lowered standards for examinations are disputed, but widely believed to be true.

Hatred of school 
Some children really hate school. Maybe it really does nothing for some people. But in many countries it is compulsory, and expensive for the taxpayer. The growth of knowledge means many parents could not hope to teach their own children all that a school could teach. The downside is that many schools do not teach effectively.
Boarding school 
Boarding schools are schools where children are sent to live on a school campus without their parents. They are expensive, and so are chosen by parents with means. They are not for the average family. They are usually elite schools with the best teachers that money can buy. Children may even be sent to another country. Switzerland is one of the favoured countries. On the other hand, most western countries have first-rate boarding schools. In England, many public schools are boarding schools. The term "public school" here has a special meaning: it really means "private school". The history of the terms is the explanation for this.

Benefits of using boarding school is that students may develop skills for working with their peers. Boarding schools' education is well-known for being more challenging (in various senses).

References

Wikimedia

Basic English 850 words
Worthing is the largest town in West Sussex, England.

Towns in West Sussex
The Super Bowl Most Valuable Player or Super Bowl MVP, is an award given at the end of the Super Bowl, the National Football League's championship game, to the player who was the best in the game.

List of Super Bowl MVPs

Related pages
Super Bowl

References

Other websites
Official website of the Super Bowl MVP

MVP
Most valuable player awards
A Happy Meal is a meal made by McDonald's, and aimed at children. They come in a cardboard box, containing a main meal, usually a hamburger, cheeseburger, or McNuggets; french fries; a small drink; and a toy.  Sometimes the toy ties in with a movie release.

McDonald's
Dalhem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.

In 2007, 6585 people lived there.

It is at 50° 42 North, 05° 43 East.

References 

Municipalities of Liège
Daverdisse is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.

In 2007, 1372 people lived there.

It is at 50° 01 North, 05° 07 East.

References 

Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
De Haan is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

In 2007, 12177 people lived there.

It is at 51° 16 North, 03° 01 East.

References

Municipalities of West Flanders
De Panne is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

In 2007, 10153 people lived there.

It is at 51° 05 North, 02° 35 East.

References

Municipalities of West Flanders
De Pinte is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

In 2007 its population was 10273.

It is at 50° 59 North, 03° 39 East.

References

Municipalities of East Flanders
Deerlijk is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

In 2007, 11372 people lived there.

It is at 50° 51 North, 03° 21 East.

References 

Municipalities of West Flanders
Deinze is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. On 1 January 2019, the municipality of Nevele was merged into Deinze.

In 2007 its population was 28593.

References

Municipalities of East Flanders
Denderleeuw is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

In 2007, 17493 people lived there.

It is at 50° 53 North, 04° 05 East.

References

Municipalities of East Flanders
Dendermonde is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

In 2007, 43521 people lived there.

It is at 51° 01 North, 04° 06 East.

References

Municipalities of East Flanders
Dentergem is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

In 2007, 8,191 people lived there.

It is at 50° 57 North, 03° 25 East.

References 

Municipalities of West Flanders
Dessel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.

In 2007, 8865 people lived there.

It is at 51° 14 North, 05° 06 East.

References 

Municipalities of Antwerp
Destelbergen is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

In 2007 its population was 17239.

It is at 51° 03 North, 03° 48 East.

References 

Municipalities of East Flanders
Diepenbeek is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.

In 2007, 17874 people lived there.

It is at 50° 54 North, 05° 25 East.

References

Municipalities of Limburg
Diest is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.

In 2007, 22845 people lived there.

It is at 50° 59 North, 05° 03 East.

References

Municipalities of Flemish Brabant
Diksmuide is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

In 2007, 15764 people lived there.

It is at 51° 02 North, 02° 51 East.

References 

Municipalities of West Flanders
Dilbeek is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.

In 2007, 39585 people lived there.

It is at 50° 50 North, 04° 15 East.

References

Municipalities of Flemish Brabant
Dilsen-Stokkem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.

In 2007, 19,171 people lived there.

It is at 51° 02 North, 05° 43 East.

References

Municipalities of Limburg
Dinant is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 13143 people lived there.

It is at 50° 15 North, 04° 54 East.

Sisters cities
 Dinan, France
 Caldas da Rainha, Portugal
 Hoddesdon, England
 Chios, Greece
 Cagayan de Oro, Philippines

References 

Municipalities of Namur
Dison is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.

In 2018, 15,405 people lived there.

It is at 50° 36 North, 05° 51 East.

References 

Municipalities of Liège
Doische is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.

In 2007, 2912 people lived there.

It is at 50° 08 North, 04° 44 East.

References

Municipalities of Namur
Donceel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.

In 2007, 2835 people lived there.

It is at 50° 38 North, 05° 19 East.

References

Municipalities of Liège
Dour is a municipality found in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2007, its population was 16882.

It is found at 50° 23 North, 03° 46 East.

References

Municipalities of Hainaut
Drogenbos is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.

In 2007, 4822 people lived there.

It is at 50° 47 North, 04° 19 East.

References

Municipalities of Flemish Brabant
Duffel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.

In 2007, 16,140 people lived there.

It is at 51° 05 North, 04° 30 East.

References 

Municipalities of Antwerp
Durbuy is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.

In 2007, 10633 people lived there.

It is at 50° 21 North, 05° 27 East.

References 

Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Ecaussinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2007, 10042 people lived there.

It is at 50° 34 North, 04° 10 East.

References

Municipalities of Hainaut
Edegem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.

In 2007, 21616 people lived there.

It is at 51° 09 North, 04° 26 East.

References

Municipalities of Antwerp
Eeklo is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

In 2007, 19645 people lived there.

It is at 51° 11 North, 03° 34 East.

References 

Municipalities of East Flanders
Eghezée is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.

In 2007, 14619 people lived there.

It is at 50° 35 North, 04° 54 East.

References 

Municipalities of Namur
Ellezelles is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2007, 5711 people lived there.

It is at 50° 44 North, 03° 40 East.

References 

Municipalities of Hainaut
Ixelles (in French) or Elsene (in Dutch) is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.

In 2007, 78088 people lived there.

It is at 50° 49 North, 04° 22 East.

Related pages 
 Ixelles Ponds

References

Other websites 

Municipalities of Brussels-Capital Region
Enghien is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2007, 12294 people lived there.

It is at 50° 41 North, 04° 02 East.

References 

Municipalities of Hainaut
Engis is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.

In 2007, 5,715 people lived there.

It is at 50° 34 North, 05° 24 East.

References 

Municipalities of Liège
Erezée is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.

In 2007, 2968 people lived there.

It is at 50° 17 North, 05° 33 East.

References 

Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Erpe-Mere is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

In 2007 its population was 19056.

It is at 50° 56 North, 03° 58 East.

References 

Municipalities of East Flanders
Erquelinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2007, 9570 people lived there.

It is at 50° 18 North, 04° 06 East.

References 

Municipalities of Hainaut
Esneux is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.

In 2007, 13073 people lived there.

It is at 50° 32 North, 05° 34 East.

References 

Municipalities of Liège
Essen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality includes the towns of Essen Centrum, Heikant, Horendonk, Wildert, Statie en Hoek. On January 1, 2007 Essen had a total population of 17,143. The total area is 47.48 km² which gives a population density of 358 inhabitants per km².

The town is near the border with the Netherlands. Its train station is the last one in Belgium, the next station is Roosendaal, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands.

Notable living inhabitants

 Raf and Mich Walschaerts, cabaret duo (Kommil Foo)
 Frank Focketyn, actor
 Zdeněk Štybar, Czech cyclist
 Tom Meeusen, cyclist
 Bart Aernouts, cyclist

Other websites
  Official website

Municipalities of Antwerp
Estaimpuis is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2007, 9781 people lived there.

It is at 50° 42 North, 03° 15 East.

References

Municipalities of Hainaut
Estinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2007, 7,408 people lived there.

It is at 50° 23 North, 04° 05 East.

References 

Municipalities of Hainaut
Etalle is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.

In 2007, 5389 people lived there.

It is at 49° 40 North, 05° 36 East.

References 

Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Etterbeek is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.

In 2007, 42342 people lived there.

It is at 50° 49 North, 04° 23 East.

References 

Municipalities of Brussels-Capital Region
Eupen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège. The old French name of the town was Néau.

In 2007, 18,313 people lived there.

It is at 50° 37 North, 06° 02 East.

Eupen is a strange place in Belgium as most people do not speak either French or Dutch - they speak German instead.

References 

Municipalities of Liège
Evere is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.

In 2007, 34128 people lived there.

It is at 50° 52 North, 04° 24 East.

References

Municipalities of Brussels-Capital Region
Evergem is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.

In 2007, 32,373 people lived there.

It is at 51° 06 North, 03° 42 East.

References 

Municipalities of East Flanders
Isaac [ ahy-zuhk ] is a person in the Abrahamic religions. He is described in the Bible. Isaac is a name with a long-standing history and significant meaning. Its origins can be traced back to the Hebrew name Yitzchak, which translates to "he will laugh" or "he will rejoice." In the Bible, Isaac is identified as the son of Abraham and Sarah, who were blessed with his birth despite their advanced age. Isaac is recognized as one of the key figures in Judaism and is revered as a prophet in Islam. This name was ranked #40 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

It can also refer to other things:

People 
Isaac is a popular given name, generally in reference to the Biblical person. Some famous people named Isaac are: