Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Performance

Thrust is how hard of a push the rocket produces. Burn time is how long the fuel in the motor takes to burn while pushing gases out of the back of the rocket. The impulse of a rocket motor is the area under the thrust-time curve. This means the impulse is a number for how much force the rocket makes and for how long. The impulse of a black powder motor is used to tell what size class it is in. Motors are divided into classes from 1/4A to E. These classes hold rockets with impulses from 0 to 40 Ns (Newtons*seconds). Other kinds of model rocket motors can be named up to an ‘H’, which is up to 320 Ns.

Figures from tests of Estes rocket motors are used in the following examples of rocket motor performance.
There are also 3 classes included in Estes large (24 mm diameter) rocket motors: C, D, and E. The C class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 21.6 and 21.75 N, a total impulse of between 8.8 and 9 Ns, and a burn time between .8 and .85 seconds. The D class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 29.7 and 29.8 N, a total impulse between 16.7 and 16.85 Ns, and a burn time between 1.6 and 1.7 seconds. The E class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 19.4 and 19.5 N, a total impulse between 28.45 and 28.6 Ns, and a burn time between 3 and 3.1 seconds.

Related pages
 Rocket candy

References

Rockets
Fuel
The line of succession to the Belgian throne is the list of people who may become King or Queen of Belgium.

History
The death of King Baudouin in 1993 caused a short period of uncertainty about the succession.  Prince Philippe was the expected to be the next king; but Baudouin's brother Albert became the new monarch.

Since 2009, Belgian law identifies the eldest child of a Belgian monarch the royal heir. The first-born child follows his or her parent on the throne.  This is known as full or equal primogeniture.

In 2013, Albert abdicated for health reasons and his son Philippe became the King.

Order of succession
King Albert II (born 1934)
 King Philippe (born 1960)
 (1) Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant (b. 2001)
 (2) Prince Gabriel (b. 2003)
(3) Prince Emmanuel (b. 2005)
 (4) Princess Eléonore (b. 2008)
 (5) Princess Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 1962)
 (6) Prince Amedeo, Archduke of Austria-Este (b. 1986)
  (7) Archduchess Anna Astrid of Austria-Este (b. 2016)
 (8) Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este (b. 2019)
 (9) Princess Maria Laura, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 1988)
 (10) Prince Joachim, Archduke of Austria-Este (b. 1991)
 (11) Princess Luisa Maria, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 1995)
 (12) Princess Laetitia Maria, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 2003)
 (13) Prince Laurent (b. 1963)
 (14) Princess Louise (b. 2004)
 (15) Prince Nicolas (b. 2005)
 (16) Prince Aymeric (b. 2005)

See also 
 List of Belgian monarchs
 Lists of incumbents

Related pages
Order of succession

References

Other websites
 Belgian Monarchy, official website;  Genealogy

Belgian royalty
Belgium
The line of succession to the Norwegian throne is the list of people who may become King or Queen of Norway.

History 
Since 1990, Norwegian law identifies the eldest child of a Norwegian monarch the royal heir. The first-born child follows his or her parent on the throne.   This is known as full or equal primogeniture.

Order of succession 
In 2023, the current order of succession is clear.

 King Harald V (born 1937)
 (1) Crown Prince Haakon (b. 1973)
 (2) Princess Ingrid Alexandra (b. 2004)
 (3) Prince Sverre Magnus (b. 2005)
 (4) Princess Märtha Louise (b. 1971)
 (5) Maud Angelica Behn (b. 2003)
 (6) Leah Isadora Behn (b. 2005)
 (7) Emma Tallulah Behn (b. 2008)

Related pages 
Order of succession

References 

Norwegian royalty
Norway
The Bogan River is an inland river of New South Wales, Australia. It begins at Goonumbla, near Parkes. It flows in a north west direction for about  before it joins the Darling River near Bourke. The towns of Tottenham, Peak Hill and Nyngan are built on the banks of the Bogan River.

The first European to see the Bogan River was Charles Sturt in 1828-9. He named it New Year Creek. However the Indigenous Australian name, Bogan, which means birthplace of a king, was the name that was used. The explorer Sir Thomas Mitchell created a painting in 1836 of an Aboriginal man, Combo, from the Bogan River.

At Peak Hill, the local weir is built on Aboriginal stone fishing traps, similar to those in Brewarrina.

References

Other websites
 

Rivers of New South Wales
The Castlereagh River is an inland river in New South Wales, Australia. It begins in the Warrumbungles, a mountain range, and flows east towards Coonabarabran. It turns to the south, and then flows north west through Gilgandra and Coonamble, before joining the Macquarie River. The length of the river is about .

The first Europen to see the Castlereagh River was George William Evans in 1818 during John Oxley's expedition. It was later explored by Charles Sturt in 1829. The river is named after Lord Castlereagh, a British politician who was the Secretary of State for the Colonies.

References

Rivers of New South Wales
Switzerland has sent athletes to every Olympic Games since the first Games in 1896.  Switzerland boycotted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne but the equestrian events for those Games were held in Stockholm, Sweden earlier that year. The Swiss dressage team won a bronze medal. Switzerland has hosted the Games twice. They hosted the 1928 Winter Olympics and the 1948 Winter Olympics. Both were in St. Moritz. Swiss athletes have won a total of 181 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. They have won 127 at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Switzerland was created in 1912

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 
 Switzerland profile at London2012.com 

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
A Roman legionary was a professional soldier of the Roman army. Legionaries had to be Roman citizens under the age of 45. They were members of a Roman legion. Legionaries went through very tough training. They had to do what they were told or they would be punished badly. Legionaries had to carry lots of heavy equipment when they were marching.

More reading 

Military of ancient Rome
A digital pet (also known as a virtual pet or an artificial pet) are pets that exist only in computers. A good example of a game with digital pets is Nintendogs. People may keep virtual pets as a replacement for real pets.

Pets
Computer terminology
was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign started in 1183 and ended in 1198.

This 12th century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba and  means "later". He is sometimes called the later Emperor Toba. In some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Toba the Second" or as "Toba II".

Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, his personal name (imina) was , or Takanari-shinnō

He was the fourth son of Emperor Takakura.
Events of Go-Toba's life
Go-Toba was placed on the throne at the age of three.
 8 September 1183 (Juei 2, 20th day of the 8th month): In the 3rd year of Antoku-tennō 's reign, the emperor and his court fled the capital. In the emperor's absence, former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa made Antoku's younger brother emperor by decree. A ceremony which marked the young prince's acceptance of the abdication (juzen).
 1184 (Juei 3): Emperor Go-Toba is said to have accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
 1192 (Kenkyū 3): Go-Shirakawa died.  Go-Toba was the grandson of Emperor Go-Shirakawa.
 1198 (Kenkyū 9): In the 15th year of Go-Toba's reign, he abdicated.  His successor was his eldest son who became known as Emperor Tsuchimikado.
 1210 (Jōgen 4):  Go-Toba's 3rd son was named emperor; and he became known as Emperor Juntoku.
1221 (Jōkyū 3): Go-Toba and his supporters tried and failed to take power from the Kamakura shogunate. This  was known as the Jōkyū War (Jōkyū no hen)  Go-Toba was exiled to the Oki Islands where he stayed until his death.
 13 May 1221 (Jōkyū 3, 20th day of the 4th month): Go-Toba's 4-year-old grandson was made emperor; and he became known as Emperor Chūkyō.
 14 January 1222 (Jōkyū 3, 1st day of the 12th month): Go-Toba's nephew was made emperor; and he became known as Emperor Go-Horikawa.
 1239''' (En'ō 1, 2nd month): Go-Toba died at age 60.
After his death 
Go-Toba was buried on Dōgo Island in the Oki Islands group. Later a part of his body was re-buried in Kyoto.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum (misasagi) of Go-Toba is in Kyoto.  The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine at Ōhara no Misasagi.

Eras of Go-Toba's reign
The years of Go-Toba's reign are marked by more than one era name:.
 Juei           (1182–1184)
 Genryaku       (1184–1185)
 Bunji          (1185–1190)
 Kenkyū''  (1190–1199)

Related pages 
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Insei

References

Other websites 

Emperors of Japan
1180 births
1239 deaths
Toys "R" Us is an American toy, clothing, and baby product company. It is owned by Tru Kids, Inc. (as Tru Kids Brands) and others. The company was founded in 1957. Its first store was built in April 1948. The headquarters of the company is in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey. It is in the New York metropolitan area.

At one time, Toys'R'Us was the most important toy store. killer, The rise of mass merchants and online sellers cost Toys "R" Us its comtrol of the toy market. The company filed for bankruptcy in 2017 and 2018. It closed all of its stores in the United States, United Kingdom and Australian. The last US stores closed in 2021. In other international markets such as Asia and Africa there were less negative effects. Stores in Canada, parts of Europe and Asia were sold to other companies.
In August 2021, WHP Global said that Toys "R" Us would be opening over 400 stores indide Macy's stores. They would start doing this 2022. In December 2021, WHP announced they will be opening a Toys “R” Us location in New Jersey at the American Dream Mall.

On March 22, 2018, the founder of the company, Charles Lazarus, died at age 94 years.

Notes

References 

1948 establishments in the United States
2018 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Companies based in New Jersey
Toy companies
Retail companies of the United States
The line of succession to the Spanish throne is the list of people who may become King or Queen of Spain.

History
Spanish royal succession follows a system of male-preference primogeniture.

Order of succession
In 2020, the current order of succession is clear.
 (1) Leonor, Princess of Asturias (b. 2005)
 (2) Infanta Sofía (b. 2007)
 (3) Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo (b. 1963)
 (4) Felipe de Marichalar y Borbón (b. 1998)
 (5) Victoria de Marichalar y Borbón (b. 2000)
 (6) Infanta Cristina (b. 1965)
 (7) Juan Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 1999)
 (8) Pablo Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 2000)
 (9) Miguel Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 2002)
 (10) Irene Urdangarín y de Borbón (b. 2005)

Related pages
Order of succession

References

Other websites
 Royal Household, official website;  Royal family tree

Spanish royalty
Spain
Lake Blanche is a large salt lake in the north east corner of South Australia. It is normally dry, but can be filled by local flooding or when the Strzelecki Creek flows into it. It covers an area of about . When Lake Blanche was first seen by the explorer Edward John Eyre in 1840, he believed it was part of a large horse shoe shaped lake at the end of the Flinders Ranges. This lake stopped the explorers from being able to travel any further to the north. When Charles Sturt visited the lake shore in 1845 he also thought it was part of a larger lake. In 1858 the explorer Augustus Charles Gregory was the first European to find a path between Lake Blanche and Lake Callabonna. Lake Blanche was named after the wife of the Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard Graves McDonnell. The area near the lake had been called Blanchewater Plains by explorer Benjamin Herschel Babbage in 1856. In August 1857, Captain Freeling attempted to explore the flooded lake by boat
. The water was not deep enough to float the boat, and even after walking more than  into the lake it was still only ankle deep.
The area around Lake Blanche is now being explored for development of a uranium mine.

References

Lakes of South Australia
Finland was first at the Olympic Games in 1908.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Finland is FIN.

History
Teams from Finland have been in every Summer Olympic Games and every Winter Olympic Games since then. Finland was also the host nation for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.

Finnish athletes have won a total of 299 medals at the Summer Games, mostly in athletics and wrestling. Finland has also won 151 medals at the Winter Games, mostly in Nordic skiing events.

The National Olympic Committee for Finland is the Finnish Olympic Committee. It was formed and recognized in 1907, when Finland was a part of the Russian Empire.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

This table of summer sports does not include the gold medal won in Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Medals by winter sport
*Total medal counts include a gold medal in Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics. This medal is in the summer games medal totals and the winter sport medal totals. This is why the totals for summer and winter games do not match the totals for summer and winter sports.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Finland at Olympic.org

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Finland
Georgia was first at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.

Previously, Georgian athletes were part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988.  In 1992 they were part of the Unified Team.

The Georgian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1989 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

Medalists

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Georgia at Olympic.org
 Georgia profile at London2012.com 

Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of Georgia (country)
Greece at the Olympics is a history which began in ancient times.  Greece was home of the Ancient Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Greece is GRE.

History
Greece  hosted the revival of the modern Olympic Games in 1896. They have been at every Summer Olympic Games since then.  They are one of only four countries to compete in all modern Summer games.  Greece has been in most Winter Olympic Games since 1936. During the Parade of Nations at the Opening Ceremony, Greece is always called first, due to its status as being the founder of the Olympic Games.

Greece hosted the games in 1896 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics, both in Athens. The National Olympic Committee for Greece is the Hellenic Olympic Committee, formed in 1894 and recognized in 1895.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games
According to official data of the International Olympic Committee.

     Host nation

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References
References

Other websites 
 Greece at Olympic.org
 Andorra profile at London2012.com 

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Greece
Hungary at the Olympics is ahistory which began at the first Olympic Games in 1896.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Hungary is HUN.

History
Teams from Hungary have been in most Summer Olympic Games and every Winter Olympic Games since then. The nation was not invited to the 1920 Games after World War I.

Hungarian athletes have won a total of 475 medals, with fencing as the top medal-producing sport.  Hungary has won more Olympic medals than any other nation that has never hosted Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Hungary is the Hungarian Olympic Committee.  It was formed and recognized in 1895.

Medal tables by Games

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medal tables by Sport

Medals by Summer Sport
     Leading in that sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

  Hungary profile at London2012.com 
 Hungary at OLympic.org

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Hungary
Malta at the Olympics is a history which began in 1928.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Malta was MAT.  It is now MLT.

History
Teams from Malta have been in 15 Summer Olympic Games and 1 Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2014 no Maltese athlete has won an Olympic medal.

The Maltese Olympic Committee was formed in 1928 and recognized by the IOC in 1936.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Malta
Itraconazole (i tra ko' na zole) is a medication used to treat fungal infections of the lungs and other parts of the body.

How the medication is given 
Itraconazole comes as a pill (capsule) and also as a liquid (solution) and they are taken by mouth.

How to get the medication 
Itraconazole is prescribed by a doctor and sold by a pharmacist.

Drugs
Organochlorides
Organonitrogen compounds
Donkey Kong Land is a video game released for the Game Boy system in 1995. It is a semi-sequel to Donkey Kong Country as it takes place after Donkey Kong Country, but yet is part of a different portion of the Donkey Kong series. Donkey Kong and Diddy Kong are once again the playable characters in the game.

Game Boy games
Virtual Console games
Donkey Kong
Platform games
1995 video games
Moldova first took part at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994. It has sent athletes to every Games since then. Moldovan athletes were a part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988. Moldova was part of the Unified Team in 1992.

Moldovan athletes have won a total of seven medals at the Summer Olympic Games. They have won medals in five different sports.  The nation has not won any medals at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Moldova was created in 1991. It was accepted by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

Medal tables

Medals by Games

Medals by sport

Medalists
Moldova has won 7 medals, all in the Summer Olympics

References
 
 

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
Bronchiolitis is a medical condition where the smaller parts of the lung (called bronchioles) are irritated. This makes it very hard to move air in and out of the lungs.  Many things can cause bronchiolitis. The most common is the respiratory syncytial virus.  The disease Bronchiolitis is not the same as Bronchitis. The medicine used to treat bronchitis may not be the same as those used to treat bronchiolitis. The disease is more common in children.

Treatment 
Usually treatment for bronchiolitis is to make the person as comfortable as possible.  This can sometimes be giving them oxygen through tubes sitting on their nose (nasal cannula).  A doctor may also use medicines such as epinephrine or dexamethasone.

References 

Diseases caused by viruses
Breathing problems
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a virus that causes lung infections,(usually called respiratory tract infections). It is the major cause of lung infections and hospital visits in babies and children.  There is a medicine that can help prevent the virus in babies that have not been born yet if the doctor is worried the baby may get the virus.

References 

Viruses
Breathing problems
Lake Alexandrina is a large lake about  south east of Adelaide, South Australia. The lake covers an area of . The Murray River flows into the north of the lake near Wellington. Water from the lake enters the sea through an opening into Encounter Bay. In 1940 a number of walls were built to stop sea water from flowing back into the lake which would stop the lake from being salty. These walls separate the lake from the Murray River's estuary lagoon, called the Coorong.

Lake Alexandrina and the Coorong are a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Many bird species live around the lake including Curlew Sandpiper, Banded Stilt, Red-capped Plover, Masked Lapwing, Redkneed Dotterel, Black Swan, Cape Barren Goose, Musk Duck, Straw-necked Ibis, Royal Spoonbill, Rufus Night Heron and the Australian Pelican. Rare species such as the Orange Bellied Parrot and the Southern Mount Lofty Ranges Emu Wren have been seen. The large Murray Cod can also be found in the lake.
The Ngarrindjeri, an Indigenous Australian people, have lived around the lake and the wetlands for thousands of years. The first Europens to find the lake were people hunting seals along the south east coast of Australia in 1828. In 1830, the explorer Charles Sturt reached the lake by boat after a long journey down the Murrumbidgee, the Darling and the Murray Rivers. Sturt named the lake after Princess Alexandrina, who later became Queen Victoria.

Lake Alexandina became important during the 1870s when paddle steamers began to use the Murray River system to carry goods around New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. The town of Milang, on the lake, became an important port. It is now popular as a place for holidays with activities including sailing, power boating, fishing and swimming.

References

Lakes of South Australia
Ramsar sites
Jurchen may mean:

 Jurchen people, Tungusic people who lived in the region of Manchuria until the 17th century
 Jurchen script, writing system of Jurchen people
 Jurchen language, extinct language spoken by Jurchen people
 Jin Dynasty, also known as the Jurchen Dynasty
Béla Guttmann (27 January 1899 – 28 August 1981) was a Hungarian footballer and coach of Jewish origin. His playing position was midfielder.

Career

Player
He started his career with the MTK Hungária FC team of the early 1920s. He won the championship in 1920 and 1921. In 1922 he went to Vienna to escape the antisemitism of the Hungarian regime. There he played for SC Hakoah Wien. In 1925 he won another league title when Hakoah won the Austrian League. In April 1926 the SC Hakoah Wien team sailed to New York to play against different American teams. He stayed in the USA and played for the Brooklyn Wanderers, New York Giants, New York Hakoah, New York Soccer Club and the Hakoah All-Stars.

As player he had 6 matches with the Hungarian national football team and scored one goal there.
Coach
Guttmann returned to Europe in 1932. He coached teams in Austria, The Netherlands and Hungary . (SC Hakoah Wien, SC Enschede) He had his first success with Újpest FC in the 1938–39 season. He won the  Hungarian League and the Mitropa Cup. How Guttman spent the war years in unclear. Guttmann himself is said to have escaped to Switzerland where he was interned. The years after the Second World War he spent as coach in Italy, South America and Portugal.(São Paulo FC, AC Milan, Benfica Lisabon and others).

Together with Márton Bukovi and Gusztáv Sebes, Guttmann formed a triumvirate of Hungarian coaches who pioneered the 4–2–4 formation. Guttman  is also credited with mentoring Eusébio. He was as player and coach always good for controversy. Some people compare his self-confidence with  José Mourinho.

Honours

Player
MTK Hungária FC

Hungarian League: 2
1919–20, 1920–21

SC Hakoah Wien

Austrian Champions: 1
1924–25

New York Hakoah

U.S. Open Cup: 1
1929
Manager
Újpest FC/Újpesti TE
Hungarian League: 2
1938–39, 1946–47
Mitropa Cup: 1
1939

São Paulo
São Paulo State Champions: 1
1957

Porto
Portuguese Liga: 1
1958–59

Benfica
European Champions: 2
1960–61, 1961–62
Portuguese Liga: 2
1959–60, 1960–61
Portuguese Cup: 1
1961-62

References

Other websites 
Guttmann at United States Soccer Hall of Fame
Guttmann at www.jewsinsports.org
 Guttmann at www.jewishsports.net
UEFA biography 
Biographical article on Guttmann, Bremen University 

Austria national football team managers
Hungarian footballers
Hungarian football managers
1899 births
1981 deaths
A.C. Milan managers
FK Austria Wien managers
For the 124th emperor also known as Hirohito, see Hirohito

Emperor Fushimi (伏見天皇 Fushimi-tennō) (10 May 1265 – 8 October 1317) was the 92nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign started in 1287 and ended in 1298.

Traditional history 
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was .

Note: Although the Roman-alphabet spelling of the name of this 13th-century emperor is the same as the personal name of Emperor Shōwa, the kanji are different:
 Emperor Fushimi, formerly Prince Hirohito (熈仁)
 Emperor Shōwa, formerly Prince Hirohito (裕仁)

Prince Hirohito was the second son of Emperor Go-Fukakusa.
Events of Fushimi's life 
Hirohito-shinnō was named Crown Prince.  He became heir to Emperor Go-Uda.
 1287 (Kōan 10, 10th month): In the 13th year of Go-Uda-tennō 's reign, he abdicated.  The succession (the senso) was received by his cousin.
 1288 (Kōan 11): Emperor Fushimi is said to have accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
 1289 (Shōō 2, 4th month): Fushimi adopted the son of his younger brother; and this new son was named Crown Prince and heir.
 19 April 1290 (Shōō 3, 9th day of the 3rd month): Assassins failed in an attempt to kill the emperor in his palace.
 1298 (Einin 6, 7th month): In the 11th year of Fushimi's reign, he abdicated.  His heir became known as Emperor Go-Fushimi.
 1301 (Shōan 3, 1st month): In the 5th year of Go-Fushimi's reign, the adopted son of Fushimi was forced to abdicate.
1308 (Tokuji 3, 8th month): In the 8th year of Emperor Go-Nijo's reign, the young ruler died at age of 24.  Fushimi's grandson was named as Go-Nijo's successor.  Go-Fushimi's son became known as Emperor Hanazono.
 1313 (Shōwa 2, 10th month): Retired Emperor Fushimi shaved his head and became a Buddhist monk.
 1317 (Bunpō 1, 9th month): Former-Emperor Fushimi died at age 53.
After his death
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum  (misasagi) of Kammu is in Kyoto.  The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine at  Fukakusa no kita no misasagi (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku in Kyoto.

Eras of Fushimi's reign
The years of Fushimi's  reign are marked by more than one era name.
 Kōan (1278–1288)
 Shōō         (1288–1293)
 Einin             (1293–1299)

Related pages 
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References

Other websites 

Emperors of Japan
1265 births
1317 deaths
Rodney Glen King (April 2, 1965 - June 17, 2012) was an African-American man who was beat up by police officers on camera in 1991. When a jury did not find the officers guilty of beating him up, large riots started in Los Angeles, California.

Early and personal life
King was born in Sacramento, California to Odessa and Ronald King, who had four other children. His father was an alcoholic who died in 1984 aged 42. King grew up in Altadena, California.

In November 1989, King robbed a store in Monterey Park, California. King was carrying an iron bar, which he threatened the Korean store owner with. He hit the owner and stole $200. He was convicted of robbery and sentenced to two years imprisonment. He was released after a year.
Beating
On March 3, 1991, King was driving after drinking alcohol. Police officers tried to pull him over, but King would not stop. The officers chased him for miles. King finally stopped. One of the officers shot two electronic darts at King because they thought he might hurt them. King ran at one of the officers. The officers beat King while he was on the ground with a baton more than 50 times.

A man named George Holliday, who lived nearby, saw what was going on. He used a camcorder to record a video of the beating. The video later went on television.

Trial and riots
Of the four officers that went on trial for beating King, only one of them was found guilty by the state of California. With large public protest, rioting began in Los Angeles, during which more than 50 people were killed, thousands were hurt, and one billion dollars worth of property damage occurred.

In a different trial, the United States government later found two of the officers guilty.
Death
King was found dead by his fiancée at the bottom of his swimming pool in the early morning hours of June 17, 2012 in Rialto, California. An autopsy was performed and the results said that King died of accidental drowning and that alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana were all found in his blood which were a contributing factor in his death.

Related pages
1992 Los Angeles riots

References

1965 births
2012 deaths
Accidental deaths by drowning in the United States
Accidental deaths in California
African-American people
American robbers
Criminals from California
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
People from Los Angeles
People from Sacramento, California
Police misconduct in the United States
Pyŏngyang metro system is the only rapid transit system in Pyongyang, North Korea. It has two lines with 17 station. It is estimated that between 300,000 and 700,000 people ride the system every day.

Chŏllima Line (red)
Pulgunbyol
Chonu
Kaeson
Tongil
Sungni
Ponghwa
Yonggwang
Puhung

Hyoksin Line (green)
Kwangbok
Konguk
Hwaggumbol
Konsol
Hyoksin
Chonsung
Samhung
Kwangmyong
Rakwon

Pyongyang
Rapid transit systems
Transport in Asia
The Tung Chung Line is one of the 10 lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong. It links Tung Chung with Hong Kong Island. A part of the Tung Chung Line was built along with the two bridges and two mountains, Kap Shui Mun Bridge and the Tsing Ma Bridge. It currently travels through eight stations in 27 minutes along its route, which is indicated in orange.

MTR
A wiggler is an insertion device in a synchrotron. It is a series of magnets designed to repeatedly laterally deflect ('wiggle') a beam of charged particles inside a storage ring of a synchrotron. These deflections release synchrotron radiation. Although synchrotrons give off such radiation anyway as magnets work to bend the particles on a circle-like path, a wiggler release more intense radiation than the bending magnets.

A wiggler has a broader spectrum of radiation than an undulator. In a wiggler, the period and the strength of the magnetic field is not tuned to the frequency of radiation produced by the electrons. So, every electron in the electron bunch radiates independently. This makes a broad radiation spectrum. A wiggler can be considered to be series of bending magnets stuck together, and its radiation intensity goes up as the number of magnetic poles in the wiggler goes up.
Typically the magnets in a wiggler are arranged in a Halbach array. The design shown above is usually known as a Halbach wiggler.

Notes

Synchrotron instrumentation
A gold coin is a coin made entirely (or almost entirely) of gold. Gold has been used since the invention of coins. It is used because gold is an easy metal to use, and because gold is very valuable. So, a person could have a small quantity of gold coins but still buy many things. Gold is also a very dense metal, making gold coins hard to fake. Gold is good for storing coins because it does not rust.

History

Antiquity
People have used gold to trade since the Bronze Age. However, gold coins have only existed since the 6th century BC, in Anatolia (Turkey) then in Roman Empire (aureus). Gold coins were also used in China.

Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, gold coins were common because of the Florin and the Guilder, two important gold coins.
Modern History
Between 1873 and the early 1900s, gold coins were the main way to pay. Countries stopped using gold coins in 1933 because of the Great Depression. People were collecting and keeping the coins, so there were not enough for the economy to work. Today, many countries make gold coins, but they are for collectors.

Coin collecting
Many people enjoy collecting coins. The rarest (most rare) coins are the most expensive. Usually, very few of these coins were made, or they have mistakes, or they are very old. Some countries have made very large coins for collectors.

Investing
When people want to buy gold as a way to store money, they can buy gold coins. These coins are called Bullion coins. These coins are usually very pure and have exact weights, for example one troy ounce. Many people who buy bullion coins hope they become more expensive in the future so they can be sold.

Coins
Gold
Bournville is a model village on the south side of Birmingham, England, best known for its connections with the Cadbury family and chocolate – including a dark chocolate bar called "Bournville". It is also a ward within the council constituency of Selly Oak and home to the Bournville Centre for Visual Arts. Research by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation has claimed that it is "one of the nicest places to live in Britain".

History 

Originally the area that was to become Bournville consisted of a few scattered farmsteads and cottages, linked by winding country lanes, with the only visual highlight being the Georgian built Bournbrook Hall.

The bluebell glades of Stocks Wood were said to be a relic of the Forest of Arden and there are Roman remains nearby.

Cadbury 
Having taken over their father John Cadbury's expanding business in 1861, the Quakers George and Richard Cadbury needed to move their cocoa and chocolate factory from Bridge Street in central Birmingham to a greenfield site to allow for expansion.
Cadbury were reliant on the canals for milk delivery, and on the railways for cocoa deliveries from the ports of London and Southampton. They therefore need a site which was undeveloped and had easy access to both canal and rail. The brothers noticed the proposed development of the Birmingham West Suburban Railway, which would extend from central Birmingham south along the path of the Worcester and Birmingham Canal into the then green fields of southern Birmingham and the villages of northern Worcestershire.

In 1879, they moved their business to Bournbrook Hall,  to the south of Birmingham. The location was chosen as it was regarded as cleaner, healthier and more amenable to longer-term expansion plans. Although rural, it was also already serviced by the new Stirchley Street railway station, which itself was located right next to the canal.
In 1893, George Cadbury bought 120 acres (0.5 km²) of land close to the works and planned, at his own expense, a model village which would 'alleviate the evils of modern more cramped living conditions'. By 1900, the estate included 313 cottages and houses set on  of land, and many more similar properties were built in the years leading up to the World War I, with smaller developments taking place later on in the 20th century. These almost 'Arts and crafts' houses were traditional in design but with large gardens and modern interiors, and were designed by the resident architect William Alexander Harvey. These designs became a blueprint for many other model village estates around Britain. It is also noteworthy that, because George Cadbury was a temperance Quaker, no public houses have ever been built in Bournville although, since the late 1940s, there has been a licensed members' bar at Rowheath Pavilion.
The Cadburys were particularly concerned with the health and fitness of their workforce, incorporating park and recreation areas into the Bournville village plans and encouraging swimming, walking and indeed all forms of outdoor sports. In the early 1920s, extensive open lands were purchased at Rowheath and laid to football and hockey pitches together with a grassed running track. Rowheath Pavilion was designed and built in accordance with the instructions of George Cadbury and opened in July 1924. At that time, it served as the clubhouse and changing rooms for the acres of sports playing fields, several bowling greens, a fishing lake and an outdoor swimming lido, a natural mineral spring forming the source for the lido's healthy waters. The Rowheath Pavilion itself, which still exists, was used for balls and dinners and the whole area was specifically for the benefit of the Cadbury workers and their families with no charges for the use of any of the sporting facilities by Cadbury employees or their families
. The lido was eventually closed in the 1970s after complaints of noise disturbance were made by residents of the newly built Oak Farm estate, coupled with new and stringent health and safety regulations relating to outdoor public swimming facilities. Cadbury's also built the Bournville indoor swimming baths on Bournville Lane (separate buildings for 'girls' and men), the Valley pool boating lake and the picturesque cricket pitch adjacent to the factory site, that was made famous as the picture on boxes of Milk Tray chocolates throughout the 1950s and early 1960s.
In 1900, the Bournville Village Trust was set up to formally control the development of the estate, independently of George Cadbury or the Cadbury company. The trust focused on providing schools, hospitals, museums, public baths and reading rooms. As Bournville is a conservation area, another job of the Bournville Village Trust is to accept or reject plans for building extension and modification.

An almost campus feel evolved, with a triangular village green, infant and junior schools, the School of Art and the Day Continuation School (originally intended for young Cadbury employees) and a host of events such as fêtes and Maypole dances. The carillon and a Quaker meeting house are also beside the village green.

The trust continues to exercise an international influence on housing and town planning generally. Now containing 7,800 homes on 1,000 acres (4 km²) of land with 100 acres (0.4 km²) of parks and open spaces, Bournville remains a popular residential area of Birmingham.
Cadbury is still one of Birmingham's main employers, making all manner of chocolate products.

The dark chocolate Bournville Plain is now manufactured in France and sold in the UK.

Cadbury also named their brand of malted drinks Bournvita after Bournville.

Governance 

The ward is served by two councillors, both of whom are Labour;  Liz Clements and Fred Grindrod.

References

Further reading

Harvey, William Alexander. The model village and its cottages: Bournville (London, B. T. Batsford, 1906).

Other websites 
 Birmingham City Council: Bournville Ward
 Bournville Village local blog
 Bournville Community Website
 The Food of the Gods - the manufacture chapter provides an overview of the Cadbury's Bournville operation at the turn of the 20th century — from Project Gutenberg

Birmingham
Villages in England
Settlements in the West Midlands (county)
Matthew Thomas "Matt" Ryan (born May 17, 1985), nicknamed "Matty Ice", is the starting American football quarterback for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL).He was the 3rd person drafted in the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at Boston College.

References

1985 births
Living people
Atlanta Falcons players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
American football quarterbacks
Timothy Richard "Tim" Tebow (born August 14, 1987) is a free agent American football quarterback. He is currently an analyst for the SEC Network. Tebow played college football for the Florida Gators. In 2007, he became the first sophomore (second-year) player to win the Heisman Trophy. Tebow was the 25th person drafted in the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at The University of Florida. He is known for his running ability and strong Christian beliefs (made "Tebowing, or Tebow's version of kneeling in prayer, famous), as well as late-game heroics. During the 2011 season, Tim Tebow played 7 games including his OT win over the Steelers in the playoffs. On March 21, 2012, Tebow was traded by the Broncos to the New York Jets. He then played briefly for the New England Patriots in 2013 and Philadelphia Eagles in 2015. He created a gesture called "Tebowing".

References

1987 births
Living people
Denver Broncos players
American football quarterbacks
New York Jets players
Adrian Lewis Peterson (born March 21, 1985) is an American football running back for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He was the 7th person drafted in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma.

References

Adrian Peterson in his life story

1985 births
Living people
Minnesota Vikings players
American football running backs
Sportspeople from Texas
Iceland at the Olympics is a history which began in 1912.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Iceland was ICE.  It is now ISL.

History 
Iceland was first at the Olympic Games in 1912. Then they missed the next four Games. After returning in 1936, the nation has been in every Summer Olympic Games since.

Iceland has also been in all but one Winter Olympic Games since 1948.  They were not at the 1972 Winter Games.

Icelandic athletes have won a total of four medals. The National Olympic Committee for Iceland was formed in 1921 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1935.

Medalists

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 National Olympic and Sports Association of Iceland
 Iceland profile at London2012.com 

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Iceland
Autoethnography is a method of social research whose defining characteristic is that the author links personal experience and autobiography with social, political, and cultural concepts. Its difference from ethnography is the high degree of subjectivity that is introduced to the study, and the fact that the perspective of the author shows personal involvement with the subject much more than participant observation invites.

Different definitions of auto-ethnography 
Maréchal defines auto-ethnography as “a form or method of research that involves self-observation and reflexive investigation in the context of ethnographic field work and writing”. In the 1970s it was more simply defined as “insider ethnography”, referring to the fact that the group of study is the ethnographer’s own.
Benefits and concerns regarding auto-ethnography 
The most significant element that auto-ethnography introduces to the study of culture and society is the shift from a depersonalized, “seen from a vantage point” and neutrally distanced narrative to a storyline with which the audience can engage morally, aesthetically, and intellectually, and, thus, co-participate in the events described. Especially for ethnographers who use multiple informants, auto-ethnography introduces an alternative way of writing where “the distinction between ethnographer and ‘others’ is unclear”, thereby challenging “imposed identities and boundaries”.
However, auto-ethnographers should avoid some dangerous pitfalls that could undermine the credibility and usefulness of their work. Chang identifies the following: "(1) excessive focus on self in isolation from others; (2) overemphasis on narration rather than analysis and cultural interpretation; (3) exclusive reliance on personal memory and recalling as a data source; (4) negligence of ethical standards regarding others in self-narratives; and (5) inappropriate application of the label autoethnography".

Notes
Notes

References 
Chang, Heewon. (2008). Autoethnography as method. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Hayano, D. (1979). Auto-ethnography: Paradigms, problems and prospects. Human Organization, 38(1), 99-104.
Khosravi, Shahram. 'Illegal' Traveller: an Auto-ethnography of Borders. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Maréchal, G. (2010). Autoethnography. In A. J. Mills, G. Durepos & E. Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of case study research (Vol. 2, pp. 43-45). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Pratt, Mary Louise. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. London: Routledge, 1992.
Ethnography
Cape Girardeau is a city in eastern Missouri. It is next to the Mississippi River.

Cities in Missouri
Homo sacer (Latin for the ‘sacred man’ or ‘accursed man’) is a phrase taken from Roman law. It is
used to describe someone who is banished, and may be killed by anybody but not used in a religious killing
(sacrifice). Described by Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben in his book Homo Sacer; ‘sovereign
power and bare life’ as a person who is living a ‘naked life’ and is an outcast of society.

Occurrence  
Someone becomes Homo Sacer by breaking a legal agreement or oath; people who
illegally cross the borders between countries have often been referred to and treated as Homo
Sacer. In Shahram Khosravi’s book Illegal traveller he talks about how someone
forced to leave their country to find a better life elsewhere can become ‘homo sacer’, which can
lead to a feeling of separation from the rest of society.
Consequences  
This makes the person an outlaw; they have no civil rights and lose their protection
from the state. They are often victims of abuse and unfair treatment both through this loss of rights
but also from everyday citizens.

References 
http://definitions.uslegal.com/h/homo-sacer/
http://www.16beavergroup.org/monday/archives/000374.php 
Giorgio Agambens’ ‘Homo Sacer: Sovereign power and bare life, Stanford University Press; 1 edition (April 1, 1998)
Shahram Khosravi’s ‘illegal traveller’ first published 2010 by Palgrave Macmillan

Legal terms
Society
Ireland has been at the Summer Olympic Games since 1924, and at the Winter Olympic Games since 1992. Before 1922, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Irish athletes at earlier Games are counted as British in Olympic numbers.

Medal tables
The following tables include medals won by athletes on Irish teams together with one poet. All medals are from the Summer Games. Ireland's best result at the Winter Games was fourth, by Clifton Wrottesley in the Men's Skeleton in 2002 at Salt Lake City.

Medallists (28)

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Ireland profile at London2012.com 

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
National sports teams of Ireland
A rites of passage is a ritual performed by people, either individually or as a social group. It marks the end of one phase of life, and the arrival of another.<ref>Eriksen 2010. Small places, large issues: an introduction to social and cultural anthropology'. London: Pluto Press, p67.</ref>

All people in every society and culture experience rites of passage. They happen differently, for various reasons, and at special times, depending on what society or culture the person comes from. Rites of passage celebrate and protect the person or people who are changing. They signify the transformation from one social status (e.g. coming of age), place (e.g. crossing a national border), condition (e.g. recovering from sickness), time (e.g. celebrating the new year), to the next.
Arnold van Gennep 
The French social scientist Arnold van Gennep (23 April 1873 – 7 May 1957) most famously defined the concept of rites of passage in his book  (The Rites of Passage''), first published in 1909. Van Gennep studied ethnographic reports from various parts of the world that described rites of passage. He concluded that they are universally structured even if the rites of passage themselves differ significantly in character between societies and cultures.

The universal structure of rites of passage 
Rites of passage are ordered into three phases.
Separation (Pre-liminal Rites): In this phase a person or group of people who are performing the rite of passage are removed from their society and depart from their existing status while preparing to move into the next.
Transition (Liminal Rites): The phase of a rite of passage that is in-between a persons or group of peoples departure from their previous status and their arrival into the new. This phase is often characteristically dangerous and wrought with uncertainty.
Incorporation (Post-liminal Rites): A person or group of people who completes the rite of passage accepts their new status and responsibilities and re-enters society.
Rites of passage and cultural diversity 
By acknowledging the various ways different societies and cultures perform rites of passage we observe cultural diversity. Learning about rites of passage cross culturally can help us to understand others and ourselves. An awareness of cultural diversity is essential to form an open-minded, tolerant and accepting view of people who are not from the same society or culture as our own.

References 

Society