Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
James Robert "Jim" Clapper Jr. (born March 14, 1941) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and is the former Director of National Intelligence.

He served as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) from 1992 until 1995. He was the first Director of Defense Intelligence within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and simultaneously the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. Clapper has held several key positions within the United States Intelligence Community. He served as the director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) from September 2001 until June 2006.

On June 5, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Clapper to replace Dennis C. Blair as United States Director of National Intelligence. Clapper was unanimously confirmed by the Senate for the position on August 5, 2010.

References

1941 births
Living people
United States Directors of National Intelligence
Politicians from Indiana
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Gerald Michael Charlebois (born April 17, 1929), better known as Michael Forest, is an American actor and pilot. He played the voice of Prince Olympius in Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue. 

In his earlier years, Michael was a movie and television actor, notably playing the part of Apollo in the 1967 Star Trek episode "Who Mourns for Adonais?" and most recently reprised this role in the Star Trek Continues episode "Pilgrim of Eternity" 47 years later.

Personal life
Forest was born in Harvey, North Dakota. He moved with his family at a very early age to Seattle, Washington. He graduated with a B.A. in English and drama from San Jose State University. He is married to Diana Hale.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Michael Forest at the English Voice Actor & Production Staff Database

1929 births
Living people
American aviators
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from North Dakota
Actors from Seattle
The River Parrett is a major river in Somerset and Dorset, England. It starts in the County of Dorset near Chedington. From here it flows in a northwesterly direction through the Somerset Levels to Bridgewater. It flows into the Bristol Channel close to Burnham-on-Sea. At the mouth of the river is Bridgewater Bay National Nature Reserve. The river is tidal for  up to the hamlet of Oath, some  south east of Bridgewater. The river has a very slight fall between Langport and Bridgwater, only 1 foot per mile, or 20 cm per km, and is prone to frequent flooding, in winter and high tides.

The River Parrett is  long and its main tributaries include the Rivers Tone, Isle and Yeo. The River Cary drains into the Parrett via the King's Sedgemoor Drain. The River Parrett drains an area of over , making up around 50% of the land area of Somerset.

References

Rivers of England
Somerset
Dorset
The National High School of Chemical and Technological Engineers (French: École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques) is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Toulouse.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ENSIACET (ENSIACET Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science
 Mastères Spécialisés 
 Massive Online Open Course

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSIACET.

Most of the 1000 graduate engineer students at ENSIACET live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with students from University of Toulouse.
Research labs 
Research activities at ENSIACET relate to the following topics:
 Engineering of materials
 Agro-industrial chemistry
 Coordination chemistry
 Chemical Engineering

References

Further reading 

 Official website 

Technical colleges and universities in Toulouse
1906 establishments in France
A collect call, also called a "reverse charge call", is a type of telephone call. Usually, when a telephone call is made, the person who makes the call pays for the call, rather than the person who receives the call at the other end. In a collect call, though, the person making the call wants the person they are calling to pay for the call instead.

In the past, these kinds of calls could only be done with a operator, who would need to ask the person receiving the call if they want to be charged for it. If the person receiving it does not want to be charged, the call cannot go through. Today, computers have made it possible to make or receive collect calls without talking to a person.

Collect calls used to be made a lot using payphones, but they are becoming less used since mobile phones and VoIP technology has come around and made long-distance calls cheaper to make.
It has been found out that the day of the year in which the most collect calls are made is Father's Day, even though the day when the most phone calls are made altogether is Mother's Day.

References

Telephone
Mohamed Ould Mkhaitir or Mohamed Cheikh Ould Mkhaitir (Arabic: محمد الشيخ ولد امخيطير )(1985 – )  is a Mauritanian blogger and political prisoner. He was sentenced to death after he wrote an article about discrimination and the caste system in Mauritania.

Mohamed is an engineer from the northern industrial city of Nouadhibou.  He belongs to the Moulamines, or blacksmith group, the lowest social group in Mauritania.  He worked for SAMMA, a company partly owned by the Canadian mining corporation Kinross.

Anti-slavery article 

Mohemed wrote an article called "Religion, religiosity and craftsmen," that criticized Mauritania's caste system.  The article was published on the news website Aqlame on December 31, 2013. Mauritania abolished slavery in 1981, but activists say it is still very common and that many Mauritanians are born into slavery. Mauritania passed a new anti-slavery law in 2015 that makes slavery a "crime against humanity".
The editor of Aqlame took down the article, and said it was published by accident.

Court cases 

On January 2, 2014, Mohamed was arrested in his home in the city of Nouadhibou.  He was charged with apostasy under Article 306 of the Mauritanian criminal code, and sentenced to death. There were national demonstrations against Mohamed, and there was a fatwa to kill him.  His family denounced him.  His lawyers dropped him and he could not get another lawyer, only the lawyers assigned by the court. The trial started a day late because of a fight in the courtroom. The prosecuting lawyer said he was a member of the caste that the blogger criticized in his article. Mohamed belongs to a lower social class.
According to Abdel Nasser Beibe, a Mauritanian activist and representative of the Arab Thinking Foundation, there are many people who wrote about the same things as Mohamed, but they belong to the white community, who are the majority of the people, and no one asks for their death.  Their tribes and their families defend them against any attack.  But Mohamed comes from the "blacksmith" minority, and are very marginalized.  After the article, his family and caste had to deny him, and his parents had to go into exile in France. 

Mekfoula Brahim, activist and president of For a Green and Democratic Mauritania says that Mohamed was a victim of a very hard prison sentence because he belongs to a powerless and hated group.  Mekfoula says Muhamed's future is being controlled by street fanatics, who receive orders from extremist clerics influenced by radicals who have returned from Afghanistan and Iraq, who press them to execute the boy.
The president of Mauritania, Abdel Aziz spoke to the country in January 2014, saying Mauritanian is an Islamic state and the death penalty could be used against Mohamed. Abdel Aziz ususally wears a business suit and tie in public, and when he speaks with Western allies, like the United States and France.  but when he spoke to the nation about Momhamed Ould Mkhaitir, he wore a white Salafi robe and turban.

An appeal court heard the case on April 1, 2016, under tight security.  The court upheld the verdict, but sent the case back to Mauritania's supreme court.  On Jan. 31, 2017, Mauritania’s supreme court heard the case, and returned it to the appeal court. There were organized demonstrations in Nouadhibou, Aleg, and Rosso.

References

Other websites 
 Text of "Religion, religiosity and craftsmen" article 
 Timeline (in Arabic)

1985 births
Living people
Bloggers
Engineers
Mauritanian activists
Political prisoners
Time in Sudan is Central Africa Time (CAT) (UTC+02:00), with no daylight saving adjustments. Sudan introduced DST in 1970, going forward on May 1, and ending on October 15. DST in years 1972-1985 started on the last Sunday in April, and ending on October 15. Sudan abandoned DST in 1986.On November 1, 2017, Sudan changed its time zone from UTC+03:00 to UTC+02:00.

References 

Sudan
Sudan
The Scutum was a type of shield used by the Italic peoples. It was later adopted by the army of Ancient Rome.

Armour
Jay Lynch (January 7, 1945 – March 5, 2017) was an American cartoonist. He was known for his key role in the underground comix movement with his Bijou Funnies and other titles. He was best known for his comic strip Nard n' Pat. His work is sometimes signed Jayzey Lynch. Lynch was the main writer for Bazooka Joe comics from 1967 to 1990; he has contributed to Mad, and in the 2000s has expanded into the children's book field.

Lynch was born in Orange, New Jersey. He died on March 5, 2017 in Candor, New York from complications of lung cancer, aged 72.

References

1945 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
American cartoonists
American comics artists
People from Orange, New Jersey
Louis Wade Sullivan (born November 3, 1933) is an American health policy leader, minority health advocate, author, physician, and educator. He served as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services during President George H. W. Bush‘s Administration from 1989 through 1993 and was Founding Dean of the Morehouse School of Medicine.

Other websites

 Official Website for Louis W. Sullivan, M.D. 
 Official Website for The Sullivan Alliance
 Excerpt from Missing Persons: Minorities in the Health Professions
 

1933 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
American activists
American physicians
Educators from Atlanta
African American writers
African American politicians
Writers from Atlanta
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Herbert H. "Herb" Kohl (born February 7, 1935) is an American businessman and politician. He is a former United States Senator from Wisconsin serving from January 3, 1989, through January 3, 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Kohl is also a philanthropist and the former owner of the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association. He did not seek reelection in 2012 and his term ended on January 3, 2013. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat Tammy Baldwin.

References

Other websites
 Herb Kohl Educational Foundation

1935 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Milwaukee
American philanthropists
Jewish American politicians
Jewish philanthropists
Politicians from Milwaukee
United States senators from Wisconsin
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
21st-century American politicians
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Tommy George Thompson (born November 19, 1941) is an American Republican politician. He was a state legislator in Wisconsin, and 42nd Governor of Wisconsin from 1987 to 2001.

Thompson is the longest serving governor in the state's history. During his term as governor he was the chairman of Amtrak, the nation's passenger rail service.  He served as the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2001 through 2005, appointed by George W. Bush. 

After his time in the Bush Administration, Thompson was a partner with the law-firm Akin Gump and Chairman of Deloitte's global healthcare practice and has served on the board of 22 other organizations.

Thompson was a candidate for the U.S. Presidential election in 2008, though he withdrew from the race before the primaries. 

In 2012, he was the Republican nominee for the United States Senate seat in Wisconsin, hoping to replace retiring Democrat Herb Kohl, but was defeated by Tammy Baldwin, making it his first statewide loss.

References
References

1941 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Governors of Wisconsin
2008 United States presidential candidates
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Michael Okerlund "Mike" Leavitt (born February 11, 1951) is an American Republican politician. He served as the 14th Governor of Utah from 1993 to 2003, as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2003 to 2005 and as Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2005 to 2009.

Leavitt serves as a co-leader of the Prevention Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center.

References

1951 births
Living people
Governors of Utah
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Republican Party (United States) politicians
American bloggers
Thomas Joseph "Tom" Ridge (born August 26, 1945) is an American politician.

Ridge served as the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security from 2001 to 2003, and the first United States Secretary of Homeland Security from 2003 to 2005. 

Ridge was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1995 and the 43rd Governor of Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2001. He is a member of the Republican Party.

References

Other websites

 

1945 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Governors of Pennsylvania
Harvard University alumni
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Pennsylvania
Michael Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) is an American attorney. He was the second United States Secretary of Homeland Security under President George W. Bush. He was the co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act. He served as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, as a federal prosecutor, and as Assistant U.S. Attorney General. He succeeded Tom Ridge as U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security on February 15, 2005.

Other websites

 

1953 births
Living people
American judges
Lawyers from New Jersey
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from New Jersey
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
People from Elizabeth, New Jersey
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Paco Rosendo Moncayo Galician  (born 8 October 1940, in Quito) is an Ecuadorian politician and retired general who was Metropolitan Mayor of Quito from 2000 to 2009.  He was a National Deputy from 1998 to 2000 and was a member of both the National Security Council and its Consultative Assembly for Foreign Affairs.

Biography 
He is the son of the lawyer and congressman Francisco Moncayo Altamirano and his wife, professor Aída Galician García.
He defended successfully the Ecuadorian positions from invasion by Peru, 
 Added Military, Naval and Aerial of the Ecuador in the Republic of Israel.
 Coordinator of the Ministry of Agriculture. 
 Executive director of the Centre of Reconstruction of the Austro (During the Military Government).
 Boss of the Cabinet of the Ministry of National Defence.
 Boss of Operations of the Army.
 Boss of the Greater State of the Conjoint Commando of the FFAA.
 Greater head of state of the Army.
 General commander of the Army.
 Boss of the Conjoint Commando of the Armed forces.
 General of Army of the Army of the Ecuador. Maximum degree inside the FFAA of the Ecuador.
It is necessary to stand out that he is the only person in the history of  Ecuador to complete 40 years of military life, 5 as a Cadet. Arriving finally of his military career afterwards of the conflict of the Cenepa and attaining be one of the best soldiers of all Ecuador

Decorations
He has received decorations national and international:
 Order of Abdón Calderón of First Class (twice).
 Order of Abdón Calderón of Third Class.
 Condecoración Victorious of Tarqui as Commander.
 Cruz of Military Honour.
 Big Cross of Military Honour.
 Condecoración Armed forces of Third Class.
 Condecoración Armed forces of Second Class.
 Condecoración Armed forces of First Class.
 Cruz of Military Honour of the Republic of Brazil.
 Cruz to the Military Merit Republic of Argentina.
 Condecoración To the Military Merit of the Republic of Chile.
 Condecoración Colonel Francisco Bolognesi of the Republic of Peru.
 Order of Carabobo to the Military Merit Republic of Venezuela. 
 The Legion of Merit (Degree of commander) United States of America.
 Big Necklace of the Armed of the Ecuador.
 Cruz to the Merit of War in the degree of Big Cruz (by Ecuadorian victory in the High Cenepa).
 Condecoración To the professional excellence awarded by the National Congress.
Condecoración Of the Academy of War of the Ecuador.
 Big Necklace of Military Honour.
Political life 

In the year 1995 he influenced the renunciation of the vice-president Alberto Dahik, the one who had tried to justify the egreso undue of bottoms of the state like costs in the war of principles. In the same way he was a key element in the overthrow of Abdalá Bucaram Ortiz in February of 1997, when, in the moment in that, conscious of the danger of the situation, he declared publicly "that the Armed forces recognise like maximum authority to the only sovereign, the village of the Ecuador", that can not be used to resolve political disputes and asks that the political conflict resolve  peacefully and inside the field of the Right.

Congress and City council 
In 1998 he left the Army and was elect National Deputy by the Democratic Left party (GO), being the leader of the block socialdemócrata in the parliament.
In March of 2000 the Democratic Left Party puts him as candidate for mayor of Remove, what was the “strongest Bastion of the party of the overthrown president Jamil Mahuad” (the one who before being elect president had been reelecto like mayor of Remove). In the elections of 21 May 2000 confronts  to the one who was successor of Mahuad, the economist Roque Seville, one of the most accumulated men of the city. Moncayo confronted an antimilitarist campaign elaborated by sectors of the right and business. He attained an impressive majority in the elections defeating Seville with more than 60% of the votes.

In the first four years of municipal administration, Moncayo made important works for the development of the capital, that motivated his reelection. Then Moncayo won with 57% strengthening as one of the most influential politicians of the Ecuador.
Paco Moncayo in addition to the important recognitions and charges that has exerted in the country also is Co-President of the World-wide Union of local Governments and Municipalidades (UCLG), that is an equivalent organism to the UN in which the members are not nations but cities.
In the municipal government of Moncayo the city has adapted  fast and satisfactorily. The coverage of basic service duplicated  in five years, all the city has  drinkable water and sewerage. The works in Vialidad that have made  by the municipal government have gone in function to improve the difficult situation of vehicular congestion. Big bridges, exchangers, steps depressed and other infrastructures have been put in operation to reduce the effects of the immoderate increase of the park railcar. Regarding urban regeneration the city is transformed
. The historical centre has  become a tourist destination beside works of importance to the long and width of the city like the TeleferiQo, the park Itchimbia, the museum Midalae, the Museum of the Water, the Museum of technology, the recovery and construction in process of the new international Airport of Remove and a lot of more important works have gone back of the city an important place to visit being this recognised by diverse skilled publications like NY Times that it situates it between the most important destinations to be visited of all the world sharing this category with cities like Paris, Rome, Shangai etc.
Assemblyman 2009 - 2013 
The Thursday 29 January 2009, afterwards to take the decision of not running for a second reelection, renunciation to the City council and participates successfully in the elections of 26 April 2009 like candidate by the province of Pichincha to the National Assembly, representing to the Movement Municipalista that he same contrubuiría to create.

Paco Moncayo considers  a social democrat that believes in the universality and equity of rights. It served in the Commission of Autonomous Governments, Decentralisation, Competitions and Organisation of the Territory where jointly worked to attain that the Autonomous Governments Decentralised receive his part of the budget of the state of automatic way, just and effective. It was also a moderate figure inside the National Assembly, where worked duramente so that  satisfied the Ethical Agreement-Political for the Law of Communication in December of the 2009.
Rest 
In the legislative elections of Ecuador of 2013, Paco Montayo launched  like candidate to asambleísta by the movement Split 25, but did not attain to achieve a curul. Afterwards of the elections ensured that it will keep on being part of Split.

In December of 2013, Moncayo received direct criticisms by part of the president Rafael Correa afterwards that it showed  against of the proposal of the president to reduce the size of the Armed forces of Ecuador. Correa aseveró that the same Moncayo had done him the same proposed years backwards, referring to the recent statements of the general with the terms: "That is the human misfortune, the pequeñez of some politiquería". Moncayo Denied the said by Correa days afterwards.
Presidential candidacy 
On 24 September 2016, after a national convention of the party celebrated in the city of Remove,  oficializó his candidature to the presidency of the Republic by the Democratic Left and the alliance of left centre National Agreement by the Change. The Tuesday 8 November announced in his personal account of Twitter that his candidate to the vicepresidencia would be a woman of the Coast, that was presented two days afterwards in an Assembly of the ANC, and resulted to be the guayaquileña Monserratt Bustamante, director of Institutional Planning and Development of the University Ecotec. In the elections of February of 2017, obtained the fourth place.

References 

1940 births
Mayors of Quito
Living people
South American military people
Ecuadorian economists
Ecuadorian academics
John Albert "Jack" Riley Jr. (December 30, 1935 – August 19, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for playing Elliot Carlin on The Bob Newhart Show, and for voicing Stu Pickles in the Rugrats franchise. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Riley died in Los Angeles, California on August 19, 2016 from pneumonia, aged 80.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Cleveland
Tonawanda (officially known as the  City of Tonawanda) is a small city in New York, USA.  It is located in Erie County, near Buffalo, New York.

Tonawanda borders the Niagara River and the Erie Canal.

Cities in New York (state)
Jhulelal (Sindhi/Urdu: جهوللال), refers to Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, a prominent Sunni Muslim of the Suhrawardy Sufi order. The term has been popularized by the song Dama Dam Mast Qalandar, in which Lal Shabaz Qalandar has been referred to as "Jhulelal Qalandar". The term Jhulelal means "red bridegroom".

References

1149 births
1300 deaths
Thomas Alden "Tommy" Page (May 24, 1970 – March 3, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. He was best known for his 1990 hit single, "I'll Be Your Everything". He later became a music industry executive for Billboard magazine.

Career 
Page worked with many artists such as New Kids on the Block, Sa-Fire, La Casa, Sally Yeh, Donna De Lory, Amy Mastura, Ashley Tisdale, Tiffany, Green Day, Michael Bublé, Alanis Morissette, Josh Groban, and David Foster.

Page was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey and raised in West Caldwell, New Jersey. He studied at James Caldwell High School. Page had three children with his partner, Charlie.

Page died on March 3, 2017 in New York City in an apparent suicide, aged 46.

References

Other websites

1970 births
2017 deaths
Suicides in the United States
American singer-songwriters
American pianists
People from Glen Ridge, New Jersey
Musicians from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Carl Adam Göstasson "Noppe" Lewenhaupt (1 August 1947 – 28 February 2017) was a Swedish count, businessman and restaurateur.

Lewenhaupt worked at a bank and warehouse in London and New York. In the mid 1990s, he created and started Geddesholm Callcenter, one of Swedens largest call-centers, better known as Avesta teletjänst, which he sold in 2002. The same year he along with Erik Lallerstedt started the members only club Noppe at Östermalm in Stockholm.

Lewenhaupt was found dead on 28 February 2017 in a river outside Gärdet in Stockholm.

References

1947 births
2017 deaths
Swedish businesspeople
People from Stockholm
Taygetus is a mountain range in Peloponnese peninsula of Southern Greece. The highest mountain of this range is known as the "Profitis Elias" or the "Prophet Elias".

Mountains of Greece
Michael McFoster Ryan (March 19, 1929 – March 1, 2017) was an American actor. Ryan was best known for his long-running role as John Randolph on the serial Another World (1964-1979). He was also known for his movie roles in Tootsie and Slayground.

Ryan died on March 1, 2017 under hospice care in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Wichita, Kansas
William Marion "Bill" Hougland (June 20, 1930 – March 6, 2017) was an American basketball player and businessman. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was also a member of the Kansas Jayhawks' 1952 NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship team.

Hougland played for the Phillips 66ers from 1952 through 1958.

He was part of the American basketball team, which won the gold medal. He played all eight matches. Four years later he won his second gold medal as part of the American team.

After his sports career, Hougland served as Vice-President of Koch Industries until his retirement in 1991.

Hougland was born in Caldwell, Kansas. He studied at the University of Kansas. Houghland died on March 6, 2017 in Lawrence, Kansas, aged 86.

References

Other websites
Profile: Bill Houghland

1930 births
2017 deaths
American basketball players
Businesspeople from Kansas
Sportspeople from Kansas
Florence Smith Jacobsen (April 7, 1913 – March 5, 2017) was an American religious leader. She was a member with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). She served as the sixth General President of the Young Women's Mutual Improvement Association from 1961 to 1972.

Jacobsen died in Salt Lake City, Utah on March 5, 2017 at the age of 103.

References

Other websites
Janet Peterson and LaRene Gaunt (1993). Keepers of the Flame: General Presidents of the Young Women (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book)
Lavina Fielding, “Florence Smith Jacobsen: In Love with Excellence,” Ensign, June 1977, pp. 25–26

1913 births
2017 deaths
American centenarians
American Latter Day Saints
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian geneticist, politician and international administrator. From 2007 to 2013, he was a member of the Rajya Sabha.

Career
He is known for his  role in India's Green Revolution a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. Swaminathan is also known as "Indian Father of Green Revolution" for his leadership and success in creating and further developing varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder and chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.

From 1972 to 1979 he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He was Principal Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture from 1979 to 1980. He served as Director General of the International Rice Research Institute (1982–88) and became president of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1988.
Honors
In 1999, Time magazine placed him in the 'Time 20' list of most influential Asian people of the 20th century.

References

Other websites

Islamic banking may solve farmer suicide crisis: Swaminathan – TCN News
 Listen:(8:46) to Dr. M. S. Swaminathan speaking at U. N. World Summit on Sustainable Development, p.83 27 August 2002
Prof MS Swaminathan's Inspiring Talk on Biotechnology and Food Security at BITS Pilani Rajasthan
Green Revolution Champion Prof MS Swaminathan at BITS Pilani

1925 births
Living people
Indian geneticists
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Malayali people
People from Chennai
Botanists
Indian environmentalists
Arthur Bruce McDonald (born August 29, 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist. McDonald is the director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute. He holds the Gordon and Patricia Gray Chair in Particle Astrophysics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. 

McDonald was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita.

References

Other websites
 Arthur B. McDonald and Oscillating Neutrinos
 Arthur B. McDonald Quotes With Pictures 

1943 births
Living people
Astrophysicists
Academics of Queen's University
Canadian Nobel Prize winners
Canadian physicists
People from Nova Scotia
Moshe Safdie, CC, FAIA (born  July 14, 1938) is an Israeli-Canadian architect, urban designer, educator, theorist, and author. He is known for designing the Habitat 67, which paved the way for his international career. He won the Wolf Prize in 2019.

References

Other websites

 The Safdie Hypermedia Archive-- McGill Univ. 
 Safdie Architects
 Historic Places in Canada
 CBC Digital archives-- "Moshe Safdie: Hero of Habitat"
 Moshe Safdie at the TED (conference), 2002
 Fallout  Zvi Elhyani, Maayan Magazine, 2005
 Power People: Moshe Safdie  Zvi Elhyani, Volume, 2005
 Salt Lake City Library on ARCHUtah 
 Interview on Charlie Rose August 23, 2011 
 Kauffmann Center for the Performing Arts, Kansas City, MO 
 http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/the-architecture-of-moshe-safdie-a-man-of-the-world/

Wolf Prize winners
1938 births
Living people
Canadian architects
Jewish academics
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from Haifa
People from Montreal
Academics of McGill University
Harvard University faculty
Goicoechea is the 8th canton in the Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, with a population of 115,084 as of 2011. The city of Guadalupe is its main district. It forms part of the broader San José metropolitan area, itself the capital of the Republic.

Geographic Location 
Goicoechea is located northeast of the capital city of San José. Goicoechea's geographic center is 09°57'31" latitude north and 83º 59'26" longitude west.

The canton is narrowly shaped in width and elongated in length. It is a maximum of 20 kilometers wide in a southeast by northeast direction from the source of the Durazno River to the bridge crossing the Tórres River, along Nacional No. 5 road, that leads from San José to San Juan de Tibás.

It borders:
 East: Cartago and Vásquez de Coronado
 West: Tibás
 North: Moravia and Vásquez de Coronado
 South: San José and Montes de Oca.
Etymology 
The canton is named after an illustrious national forefather, Franciscan friar José Antonio de Liendo y Goicoechea who was born in the city of Cartago in the Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, on the 3rd of May, 1735, and died July 2, 1814, in Guatemala.

History 
The area corresponding to the Goicoechea canton during the pre-Columbian period was populated by an indigenous people called the Western Huetar Kingdom, under the rule of king Garabito at the start of the Spanish Conquest.

The first canton dwellers established themselves in what today is called Calle Blancos (White Street), the first street neighborhood in the area. This name was assigned to the area as a result of the many people by the name of Blanco (White) who had taken residence there. The population began to spread eastbound, stretching paths toward what later became known as the canton's center.
In 1828, the main district (known as the Municipality) of San José divided the Murciélago neighborhood into several groups of houses. This gave cause for registering, under the name of San José del Murciélago, what today is known as the City of Guadalupe, which became a village and eventually on August 6, 1891, according to Law No. 56 during José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón's administration, this village was granted township status to head the canton as its main district. Entry for San José del Murciélago was recorded in the Neighborhoods and Quarters Boundary Register at the Department of San José a full 63 years before Guadalupe reached municipality status for the Canton of Goicoechea.
As of November 30, 1841, the Neighborhood and Dwellings Boundary Register's entries for the Los Santos neighborhood, along with the San Francisco, San Ramón, San José, San Rafael and San Joaquín quarters matched what presently corresponds to a large portion of the Goicoechea canton. And in 1844 residents of the San José quarter negotiated a permit to build a hermitage dedicated to their patron St. Joseph. Six years later, the first parson of the area, presbyter Raimundo Mora, changed the patron saint as well as the name of the quarter from San José to Guadalupe, in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe, being that he was her devotee. He also broke ground for the cemetery, which is one of the oldest works in the city of Guadalupe. In 1855 a new church began to be built where it is still presently located
. The following year a parish was built, during the episcopacy of monsignor Joaquín Anselmo Llorente y Lafuente, Costa Rica's first bishop, and it is currently suffragan of the archdiocese of San José, belonging to the ecclesiastic province of Costa Rica.
The regional demographic and economic development that occurred in Goicoechea resulted from the planting of coffee. It became the dominant product as of 1850, replacing the large tobacco plantations that had constituted the main source of income for the earliest population. The "golden bean" was introduced to Guadalupe in 1840 by José Manuel Núñez, who planted it and established the first processing site at his former wheat mill. Another important factor in regional development  was the Camino de Carrillo (Road to Carrillo), located near the confluence of the Sucio and Honduras rivers. The need for this road was due to local coffee farmers' demands to deliver their beans to the Limón harbor on the Atlantic for exportation, thereby shortening the cargo journey to their main European markets. At first the thought was to build a train track from San José, the country's capital, to Limón, moving through Paso de La Palma
. Later in 1881, when the road section had reached Carrillo, the national government proposed to discontinue construction to open a road instead from San José to Carrillo. The following year that new road was inaugurated, but was in use for very little time, given its high cost of maintenance and traffic on it becoming sparse, once a train track construction from San José to the Caribbean coast was completed in 1890.
Goicoechea's first elementary school was built in 1883. It is located north of the Goicoechea Park. Afterward Escuela Carlos Gagini was built, and then in 1939 a new grammar school was inaugurated called Escuela Pilar Jiménez Solís, during president León Cortés Castro's administration. The secondary school Liceo Napoleón Quesada began operations in 1955, during president José Figueres Ferrer's first administration.

Guadalupe has been Goicoechea's municipality since 1891. But given its population growth, as of on August 10, 1920, during president Julio Acosta García's administration, Law No. 69 conferred to it the title of city.
Official Founding 
Goicoechea was officially drawn away from the canton of San José and established by decree via Law No. 36 on December 7, l848. Law No. 56 decreed on August 6, 1891 that Goicoechea be itself established as a canton in the province of San José with Guadalupe as its municipality. Yet this law did not define any other districts for the canton, though it did recognize 6 townships toward that end.

The first Canton Board Hearing of Goicoechea occurred on September 13, 1891 with representatives Francisco Jiménez Núñez serving as president, Tomás Gutiérrez and Ezequiel Vargas serving as vice presidents. Jesús Zeledón served as secretary and Basileo Araya as political chief.

The first aqueduct and sewage lines were inaugurated in 1910 under president Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno's administration.
Political Segmentation 
Goicoechea consists of 7 districts:
 Guadalupe (leading the canton as Municipality)
 San Francisco
 Calle Blancos
 Mata de Plátano (popularly yet erroneously referred to as "El Carmen")
 Ipís
 Rancho Redondo
 Purral

Physical Characteristics

Geology 

Geologically, Goicoechea canton is grounded on volcanic matter dating to the Quartenary Period. Rocks from the Pleistocene epoch predominate in the region. Dating to this period, there are rolling structures located between Villa Rancho Redondo and the Purral district. Volcanic structures, recently and presently established, formed during the Holocene epoch. They are associated to pyroclastics and other volcanic matter such as lava, lahars and pyroclasts. The earliest ones are located west of the canton, originating from Villa Rancho Redondo. The later ones originate from Purral and move east.

Geomorphology
Geomorphology 

The Goicoechea canton is part of a geomorphic unit of volcanic origin, which is divided into two sub-units called the Irazú Volcano and the Volcanic Filling of the Central Valley.

The Irazú Volcano sub-unit is located to the east of the canton from Villa Mata de Plátano. It consists of slopes of all kinds. The contours of the hills are rounded due to the thickness of recent ash deposits that cover almost the whole surface mass. The sub-unit is composed of volcanic rocks displaying gaps, lavas, tuffs, agglomerates, ignimbrites, ash and also many streams of mud and lahars. The rocks' degree of weathering is highly variable, with its origin being due to the accumulation of different type of volcanic rocks.
The volcanic filling of the Central Valley, located in the western sector of the canton, corresponds to a flat undulating surface. It is possible that changes on the surface within the area are due to the presence of lava only a few meters below the surface. This constitutes a front. The sub-unit takes surface form from volcanic rocks, mainly lavas, tuffs and ignimbrites covered by ash in varying thickness. The sequence flow of lavas rests on sedimentary rock. The lavas are of the andesitic type. Geomorphologically, this unit is not a valley. Nevertheless, for political, socio-economic reasons and various other kinds of references, it is preferable to continue calling this region the Central Valley. The correct technical name is Tectonic Pit, due to the presence of a fault along the foot of the Central Volcanic Sierra, which is evidenced by the existence of thermo-mineral sources
. Also there is an abrupt interruption in the foothills that align with the fault as they descend from the Central Volcanic Sierra mountain range towards the valley. Additionally, there is the presence of an unexplained "volcanism" (Pacacua Formation) that corresponds with or nears the position of the fault.
Altitudes 

Elevations above sea level for the urban centers in the districts of Goicoechea canton follow:

Guadalupe 3,950 feet (1.204 m)
San Francisco 3,845 feet (1.172 m)
Calle Blancos 3,889 feet (1.185 m)
Mata de Plátano 4,446 feet (1.355 m)
Ipís 4,400 feet (1.340 m)
Rancho Redondo 6,720 feet (2.048 m)

Hydrography 

The fluvial system of the canton of Goicoechea follows Pacific slope, which belongs to the basin of the Grande de Tárcoles River.
The rivers that drain the region begin with the Purral River, with the Navarro River as its tributary as well as the Mozotal brook. The Purral river is a tributary of the Torres River along with the Cangrejos, Patalillo and Patal brooks, together with the Tiribí, Ipís, Durazno and Barreal streams. These watercourses, except for the Torres River, have their source in the canton, on the western slope of the Cabeza de Vaca Hill, and course east-to-west. The Torres, Tiribí, Durazno, Ipís flows, and the ravines Barreal and Patal serve as cantonal borders. The first borders with San José and Montes de Oca. The second borders with the Cartago province. The rivers Durazno and Ipís along with Vázquez de Coronado and the ravines, respectively border with the cantons of Moravia and Montes de Oca.

Relative to Costa Rica's Surface Area
The canton's maximum width is 12.43 miles (20 km), spreading northeast to southwest from the source of the Durazno River to the bridge over the Torres River, along National Highway No.5, which runs from San José to San Juan de Tibás.

Places of Interest 

 The mountainous areas north of the canton in Rancho Redondo, Mata de Plátano and Ipís, that corresponds to the foothills of the Volcán Irazú
 La Iglesia de Guadalupe (Guadalupe Church)
 La Iglesia de San Francisco, made of brick and a national heritage site
 Novacentro Shopping Center
 El Dorado Mall
 The Guadalupe Shopping Center
 El Pueblo Shopping Center

Goicoechea Institutions 

Goicoechea is home to important institutions of various kinds, both governmental and private, as well as a series of industries of great recognition, established mainly in the Calle Blancos industrial zone. Worthy to be noted are:
El II Circuito Judicial de San José,a branch of Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica (Supreme Court)
Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo (Courthouse)
Setena (Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental) (Environmental)
Escuela de enseñanza especial Centeno Güell (Special Education)
Refinadora Costarricense de Petróleo (Oil Refinery)
Ministerio de Trabajo (Labor Department)
Universidad Latinoamericana de las Ciencias y la Tecnología (ULACIT)(Higher Education)
Radisson Hotel
Tournón Hotel
La República Newspaper
Parque Empresarial del Este (Tariff-free zone located in Calle Blancos where multinational companies focus on outsourcing services. Established firms include Bank of America, Teletech, Tech Data and Amazon.) 
La Católica Hospital
Industria de Café El Dorado (Coffee processing)
Coca Cola-FEMSA.
Telepuerto de Radiográfica Costarricense S.A (aka RACSA) (Telecommunications)
COFASA (Pharmaceutical)
Centro Médico Santa Clara (Healthcare)
Colegio Madre Del Divino Pastor (Private Education)
Social Challenges 
The canton of Goicoechea has been characterized for being an area of important industrial and commercial development in the province of San José, Costa Rica's capital. An example of its importance may best be seen in that companies such as Motorola and Durman Esquivel remained located in the district of Calle Blancos along with Coca Cola-FEMSA bottling corporation for decades. The construction of the industrial complex Parque Empresarial del Este in the same district has added multinational accounts, namely Amazon, Bank of America, Teletech, among others to this list of growing companies that have increased the rate of employment in the area, while the infrastructure, especially roads, has remained unchanged, leading to excessive congestion.

Cantons of Costa Rica
The British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) is an academic society. Members are professional applied linguists, language teachers, and other people interested in these topics. BAAL is in the United Kingdom. BAAL has more than 800 members. They meet at different places in the UK. The association publishes conference proceedings and a regular newsletter. It also gives scholarships to students. Tess Fitzpatrick, Professor of Applied Linguistics in the Centre for Language and Communication Research at Cardiff University, is the chair from 2015-2018.

BAAL's Annual Meeting happens every September in the UK. BAAL is part of the Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliquee (International Association of Applied Linguistics, AILA). In the UK, it is a registered charity. BAAL meetings usually have a theme.The theme of the 40th conference at the University of Edinburgh was 'Technology, Ideology and Practice in Applied Linguistics'.
History
The association started in the 1960s. At that time, more people were becoming interested in the new science of modern linguistics and they were especially interested in practical results. One important area of applied linguistics is language teaching and learning. Also at this time, the European Union was becoming more important, so people in Europe needed better language teaching.
Peter Strevens, the Chair in Applied Linguistics at the University of Essex first had the idea to start BAAL. At a meeting at Birkbeck College in July 1965, the original idea for BAAL was to study mainly language teaching and machine translation. However, at the first full meeting in 1967 in Reading, Berkshire the group decided to study many different topics. BAAL became the UK member of AILA, and Pit Corder was its first Chair. At first, membership was only for academics because BAAL wanted people to think it was a group of experts, not a teachers' meeting. However, by the early 1970s it became easier to join BAAL. Since 1985, anyone can join. There are no requirements to become a member. In 1980, the Association began to publish a journal called, Applied Linguistics.

References
References

British Association for Applied Linguistics (1997) Notes on the History of the British Association for Applied Linguistics 1967-1997.
Trim J (1988) Applied Linguistics in Society. In Grunwell P (ed.) Applied Linguistics in Society: British Studies in Applied Linguistics 3. London: Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research. .

Other websites
British Association for Applied Linguistics - official site
Applied Linguistics - journal published by Oxford University Press, in collaboration with BAAL, the American Association for Applied Linguistics and the International Association for Applied Linguistics

Related pages
Applied linguistics
Language acquisition
Linguistics

1960s establishments in the United Kingdom
Linguistics organizations
Organisations based in England
Kulanu, Hebrew: כולנו , meaning All of Us, was an Israeli political party.

Overview 
Its ideology was centrist social liberal, and Zionist. It was interested mainly with economic matters. Its political leaders were Yifat Shasha-Biton and then Moshe Kahlon.

Kulanu was founded as a branch of Likud in 2014 and rejoined Likud in July 2019. It participated in the Fourth Netanyahu Government with 10 seats, and since April 2019 with 4 seats.

Other websites 
 

2014 establishments in Israel
2019 disestablishments in Asia
Former political parties in Israel
Zionist parties
The thirty-fourth government of Israel was installed on May 14, 2015 and ended on May 17, 2020. Prime minister was Likud politician Benjamin Netanyahu.

Participating parties (with seats in the 20th Knesset in brackets):
 HaLikud (Likud) (30)
 Kulanu (10)
 HaBayit HaYehudi (The Jewish Home) (8)
 Shas (7)
 Yahadut HaTorah (United Torah Judaism) (6)
 Yisrael Beiteinu (5) 

The Fourth Netanyahu Government can be characterized as a right-wing government with a great religious contribution.

References

Other websites 
 Government 34, Knesset website
 Government 34, Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs website

Israeli governments
2015 establishments in Israel
Benjamin Netanyahu
Stanley Victor "Stan" Collymore (born 22 January 1971) is an English former footballer/ He played as a centre-forward from 1990 to 2001. He played for Nottingham Forest, Liverpool and Aston Villa and the England national football team.

Collymore was born in Stone, Staffordshire. He has depression.

References

Other websites

1971 births
Living people
English footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Sportspeople from Staffordshire
Premier League players