Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Assume that s = t2, we have that at time t + dt, s + ds = (t + dt)2. From these equations, we can determine ds in terms of dt by using simple algebra as follows:

   
which means that:

   

Because dt is infinitesimal, one can just ignore it, so the instantanous velocity is v = 2t. One gets the same result using the limit version, with greater rigour. The infinitesimal derivation can also be made more rigorous.

Related pages 

 Derivative (mathematics)

References

Citations

Sources

 B. Crowell, "Calculus" (2003)
 J. Keisler, "Elementary Calculus" (2000) University of Wisconsin
 K. Stroyan "Foundations of Infinitesimal Calculus"  (1993)

Measurement
The Stadion der Stadt Linz (City of Linz Stadium) is the largest stadium in Upper Austria. It is also known as Gugl stadium after the hill it is situated on. It was built in 1952. It was renovated and adapted often since this year. At the moment there are adaption works. After this the stadium is for 20 000 people.

The stadium is owned by LIVA. The LIVA is the event agency of the City of Linz. The stadium is the homeground of LASK Linz and Blau Weiß Linz. Beetween 1988 and 2008 there was an annual  track and field athletics meeting. 

The stadium was demolished in 2021. The Raiffeisen Arena was built in its place.

Other websites 
 LIVA Stadion (German)

Football stadiums in Austria
Linz
The Second Battle of Ypres was a battle of the First World War. It was fought for control of the town of Ypres in western Belgium. It happened in the spring of 1915. It was the first time that Germany successfully used chemical weapons on a large scale on the Western Front. It was also the first time a former Colonial power defeated a major European power in European soil. The battle was the beginning of a new danger; gas, which will cost both sides thousands of casualties the rest of the war.

Prelude 
During the months of April and May 1915, the two sides fought over Hill 60. The allies captured the hill five days before the Second battle of Ypres began. Hill 60 was on the southeast edge of the Ypres Salient. It was an excellent Observation post to see the salient. Hill 60 would also be involved in the battle that followed.
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 had not allowed "projectiles" that carried poison gas. Before the second battle at Ypres, the Germans had placed 5,700 chlorine gas cylinders in front of their trenches. For weeks before the battle, the allied high command picked up intelligence the Germans intended to use poison gas. However, they didn't believe the Germans would do it.

Gas attacks 
The first casualties of the chlorine gas attack in World War One were the French (mostly Algerian soldiers). They were not trained for this kind of attack. When the first Chlorine gas was released into the air, the French began to retreat in massive numbers. This left the Canadians without any French support. It also left their center open to any German attack. But the Germans were unprepared for the results of the gas attack. Their reserves of manpower were low and they failed to take advantage of the French withdrawal.  Canadian and British troops quickly filled the gap in the lines to stop the Germans from attacking.
Some Germans were exposed to the gas as well.  By the end of the battle the Allies and Germans had suffered massive casualties.  The Canadians alone suffered over 6000 casualties.  Gas masks were rare at the time, and the Allied troops did not have them.  A Canadian ceramic maker was able to recognize the color of the gas.  He immediately told the soldiers to urinate on a towel and put it over their face. This isolated (separated) the gas components and stopped the gas from killing the Canadian soldiers.

This was actually the second time the Germans had used gas against enemy troops. The first attempt was at the Battle of Bolimov, Russia in February 1915. The freezing temperatures caused the gas to fall to the ground harmlessly.

References 

1915 in Europe
1910s in Belgium
Battles involving Canada
Battles involving France
Battles involving Germany
Battles involving the United Kingdom
Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
Flanders
West Flanders
The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is a working group of the European Union (EU). The agency offices are in Cologne, Germany. EASA which has been given regulatory and executive tasks in the field of civilian aviation safety. The current Head of the EASA is Luc Tytgat.

History
EASA was created on 15 July 2002. The agency took over functions of the JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities) in 2008.

Functions
The Agency’s responsibility and jurisdiction include
 Rulemaking in the fields of air operations and pilot licensing
 Oversight of Third Country Operators
The EASA is the European point of reference in aviation safety. The agency has taken over functions of the National Aviation Authorities (NAAs). This is part of the process of standardisation across the EU. EASA assists the European Commission in international harmonisation agreements.
EASA is tasked by Article 15(4) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 to provide a review of aviation safety each year. The Annual Safety Review presents statistics on European and worldwide civil aviation safety.

Related pages 
 Civil Aviation Authority
 ICAO

References

Other websites 
 EASA website
 EASA member states 
 European Strategic Safety Initiative

Aviation authorities
Agencies of the European Union
École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées, commonly named EPITA, is a French private, non-profit university. It is in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (close to Paris), Rennes, Lyon, Strasbourg, Toulouse and La Défense, France. The school was created in 1984.
EPITA is specialized in the different fields of IT. The school is part of IONIS Education Group and Conférence des Grandes Écoles. Since 1997, the head is Joël Courtois.

Notable Alumni
 Nicolas Sadirac (1992), founder and former head of the École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies

Bibliography 
 De mémoire vive, Une histoire de l'aventure numérique, Philippe Dewost, Cédric Villani, Éditions Première Partie, 2022, 386p. .

References

Schools in France
1984 establishments in Europe
Lyon
Rennes
Buildings and structures in Strasbourg
Toulouse
1980s establishments in France
Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris, commonly named Sup'Biotech, is a French private, non-profit university establishment. It is in Villejuif (close to Paris), and in Lyon, France. The school was created in 2003. Sup'Biotech specialises in Biotechnology. The school is part of IONIS Education Group.

Bibliography 
 Biotechnologies. Les promesses du vivant., Villejuif, FYP Éditions, 2015, 256 p. ()
 Planète biotech - 2030 : la vie avec les biotechnologies, Villejuif, FYP Éditions, 2023, 254 p. ()

References

2003 establishments in Europe
Technical colleges and universities in France
2000s establishments in France
The North Downs are a group of hills in southeast England. The contain a large amount of chalk. The North Downs stretch from The White Cliffs of Dover in Kent to Farnham in Surrey.  There are many beautiful places in the area which are called Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs).

South East England
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
Hills of England
A National Historic Landmark (NHL) is a building, site, structure, object, or district with historical importance. The United States government marks them as NHLs only if they have high historical significance. Out of more than 80,000 places on the National Register of Historic Places only about 2,430 are NHLs.

A National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) is a historic district that is recognized as an NHL.  It may include contributing properties that have buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties.

History
On October 9, 1960, Secretary of the Interior Fred Andrew Seaton announced 92 properties as NHLs.  The first of these was a political nomination, Sergeant Floyd Grave and Monument in Sioux City, Iowa as officially designated on June 30 of that year, but for various reasons the public announcement of the first several NHLs was delayed.
Criteria
NHLs are designated by the United States Secretary of the Interior because they are:
 Sites where events of national historical significance occurred;
 Places where prominent persons lived or worked;
 Icons (symbols) of ideals that shaped the nation;
 Outstanding examples of design or construction;
 Places characterizing a way of life; or
 Archeological sites able to yield information.

Overview of current NHLs
Of the 2,442 or so current NHLs, 3 states, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New York account for nearly 25 percent of the nation's NHLs. In addition to these states, cities within these states, Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City (each separately) alone have more NHLs than 40 out of the 50 states. There are NHLs in all 50 states.  There are 74 in the District of Columbia, 15 in Puerto Rico and other U.S. commonwealths and territories, five in U.S.-associated states such as Micronesia, and one in Morocco.

There are 128 ships or shipwrecks that are NHLs.
Other
About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned. The National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. The National Historic Landmark Stewards Association is a friends' group of owners and managers who works to preserve, protect and promote National Historic Landmarks.

If not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs.

References

Other websites
 National Historic Landmarks Program Official website
 A History of the NHL Program
 List of NHLs
 National Historic Landmarks: Archaeological Properties

1960 establishments in the United States
was an island province of Japan in the area of Nagasaki Prefecture near the island of Kyūshū.  The province is also known as  . 

The province was Iki Island.

History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Iki Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples

Amanotanagao jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Iki.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Nagasaki Prefecture
McAfee, Inc. is a computer security company. Its headquarters are in Santa Clara, California, United States. It sells software and services to home users, businesses and the public sector. It was founded in 1987. Intel bought McAfee in 2010.

References 

John McAfee
American software companies
Companies based in California
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Santa Clara, California
1987 establishments in California
was an old province of Japan in the area of Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. It was sometimes called .  

Ōsumi had borders with Hyūga and Satsuma Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Kokubu.

History

In 713 (Wadō 6, 3rd month), the land of Ōsumi Province was separated from Hyūga.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Ōsumi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Japan's first satellite was named Ōsumi. It was launched February 11, 1970.

Shrines and Temples
Kagoshima jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Ōsumi.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Osumi Seamount

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture
was an old province of Japan in the area of Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. Its abbreviation is Sasshū (薩州).

History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Satsuma Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples

Hirasaki jinja and Nitta Hachiman-gū were the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) of Satsuma.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Satsuma Seamount

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture
was an Japanese island province off the west coast of the island of Kyushu. It was sometimes called  .

The province was the Tsushima Islands, which is today part of Nagasaki Prefecture.

The capital city of the province was located at Izuhara.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Tsushima Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Kaijin jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Tsushima.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Nagasaki Prefecture
George "Duo" Dickinson (born August, 21, 1955) is an American architect.  He has built over 500 projects in over 10 states, with budgets ranging from $5,000 to $5,000,000.  He maintains an office of 10 staff members in Madison, Connecticut.

Life and career
Dickinson graduated from Cornell in 1977 with a Bachelor's degree in Architecture and opened his own architectural practice in 1987. He is licensed in Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Texas, Florida, Arizona, Oklahoma, Minnesota and Tennessee.
His work has received more than 30 awards, including the Architectural Record Record House, the Metropolitan Home Met Home Award, and the Connecticut and New York American Institute of Architects design awards. He is the first non-member award-winner of the Society of America Registered Architects' 2009 Special Service Award. He is the co-Founder of The Congress of Residential Architecture (CORA), the first national organization of residential designers. CORA has grown to over 20 chapters and 1,000 members in seven years.

Publications
Dickinson's design work has been published in over 70 publications including the New York Times, Architectural Record and House Beautiful. He has written seven books, including The Small House and Expressive Details for McGraw-Hill and The House You Build, published by Taunton Press and as a paperback entitled House On A Budget. His last book, Staying Put, was released by Taunton Press in November 2011.
Dickinson is a commissioned blogger for the New Haven Register, and his blog, "Saved By Design" has been up since the summer of 2010. He is a contributing writer on home design for Money Magazine. Additionally he is the architecture critic for the New Haven Register and contributing writer in home design for New Haven magazine. Dickinson has written articles for more than a dozen national publications including Residential Architect, Home and Fine Homebuilding and was a contributing writer for the “By Design” column for This Old House magazine.

Books
1994: Small Houses for the Next Century. McGraw Hill 
1996: Expressive Details: Materials, Selection, Use. McGraw Hill 
2004: The House You Build.Taunton Press 
2007: House on a Budget. Taunton Press 
2011: Staying Put: Remodel Your House to Get the Home You Want Taunton Press
Academia
Dickinson has taught at Yale College, Roger Williams University and at the Harvard Graduate School of Design Summer Program. Additionally he has lectured at dozens of universities, AIA associations, and at national conventions and gatherings.

Media
Dickinson was the co-host of the CNN/Money Magazine web series Home Work.  He was under contract with Lightworks Producing Group to create production ideas for cable television programming focusing on residential design and is in production with Bruce Barber on a regional radio program The Real Life Survival Guide scheduled to begin airing in 2011. He has appeared on a variety of national media platforms, including Heritage Radio Network's Burning Down the House, CNN’s Open House,  NPR’s Studio 360 and Weekend Marketplace.
Community
Dickinson sits on the board of seven not-for-profit organizations, including the New Haven Chapter of Habitat for Humanity, the Katherine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center, and Madison Cultural Arts.   Additionally, 20-30% of the ongoing work in his office is dedicated to pro bono or at-cost work for not-for-profits, totaling over 50 projects for over 30 organizations over the last 25 years.

References

Other websites

Official website
"An Architect Who Puts Work Before Worship", New York Times

1955 births
Living people
American architects
People from Connecticut
Cornell University alumni
or Geishū (芸州) was an old province in the area of Hiroshima Prefecture on the island of Honshū.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA18 no kuni"] in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 18.</ref>

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Aki Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and TemplesItsukushima jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya'') of Aki.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Hiroshima Prefecture
was an old province of Japan in the area of the eastern part of Hiroshima Prefecture on the island of Honshū. Along with Bizen and Bitchū Provinces, it was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Bitchū, Hōki, Izumo, Iwami, and Aki Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was in the area of Fuchu.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Bingo Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Kibitsu jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Bingo.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Hiroshima Prefecture
Thelton Eugene Henderson (born November 28, 1933, Shreveport, Louisiana) is currently a federal judge in the Northern District of California.  He has played an important role in civil rights as a lawyer, educator, and jurist.

Career
Henderson received both his undergraduate and law degrees from University of California, Berkeley.  In 1962, he became the Justice Department's first African-American lawyer in the Civil Rights Division.  He was sent to the South to monitor local law enforcement for any civil rights abuses, a role that included investigating the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing which killed four girls.  In this capacity, he met Martin Luther King and other leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, after winning over their initial skepticism of being a government attorney.
After time in private practice, he served as director of a  Legal Aid Society of San Mateo County office in East Palo Alto, California.  In 1969, he became assistant dean at Stanford Law School, where he started the minority recruiting program and helped diversify the student body. He also assisted in creating Stanford's clinical program.  During this time, he also was a consultant to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Office of Economic Opportunity, Carnegie Corporation, and Ford Foundation.  In 1977, he left Stanford to start a law firm which specialized in civil rights, civil liberties and other issues of constitutional law. He also was a law professor at Golden Gate University.

Federal service
In June 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed Henderson as U.S. District Court Judge. From 1990 to 1997, Henderson served as Chief Judge for the Northern District of California.  Since 1998, he has served as Senior Judge.
In the late 1980s, Henderson presided over a long-running case over the fishing industry's practice of snaring dolphins in its tuna nets. Environmental groups charged that millions of dolphins had drowned because of the industry's refusal to follow existing safety regulations.  He
also rejected attempts by the Clinton and Bush administrations to relax legal standards on fishing practices and loosen dolphin safe labeling on tuna.

In a landmark 1995 civil rights case, Madrid v. Gomez, Henderson found the use of force and level of medical care at the Pelican Bay State Prison unconstitutional.  During its subsequent federal oversight process, Henderson visited the prison.

In a 1997 decision, he struck down Proposition 209, the anti-affirmative action California initiative, as unconstitutional.  Many supporters of Proposition 209 criticized his decision, and the next year a three-judge Court of Appeals panel overturned his decision.
In 2005, Henderson found that substandard medical care in the California prison system had violated prisoners' rights under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution to be protected from cruel and unusual punishment. Bad medical care had led to unnecessary deaths in California prisons. In 2006, he appointed Robert Sillen as receiver to take over the health care system of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation; he replaced Sillen with J. Clark Kelso in 2008.

In addition to his official work, he went to South Africa in 1985 with fellow judge Leon Higginbotham as a judicial observer and guest of the nation's black lawyers association.  While there he was briefly detained and interrogated by white policemen.
Honors and Recognition
Among his awards are the State Bar of California's Bernard Witkin Medal, the Pearlstein Civil Rights Award from the Anti-Defamation League, the Distinguished Service Award by the National Bar Association, the Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Award for Professionalism and Ethics from the American Inns of Court, the Judge Learned Hand Award from the American Jewish Committee and the 2008 Alumnus of the Year Award from the California Alumni Association at the University of California, Berkeley.

Additionally, the Thelton E. Henderson Center for Social Justice at Boalt Hall is named for him.

A documentary on his life, Soul of Justice by Abby Ginzberg, was released in late 2005.

References
References

Other websites
 
Brief biography and important cases 
San Francisco Chronicle article
Soul of Justice: Thelton Henderson's American Journey
Soul of Justice: Thelton Henderson's American Journey distributed by California Newsreel
Winner of the 2008 Alumnus of the Year Award from the California Alumni Association 
Thelton E. Henderson Center for Social Justice 

1933 births
Living people
African-American people
American judges
lawyers from Louisiana
lawyers from California
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
Caitlyn Jenner (born William Bruce Jenner, October 28, 1949) is an American former track and field athlete, television personality and politician.

After her Olympic career, her professional career changed into being a television celebrity.  By 1981, she had starred in several television movies.  

Jenner married the socialite Kris Jenner. The couple has two daughters, Kendall and Kylie Jenner. Since 2007, she is best known for the reality television program Keeping Up with the Kardashians. She is the stepmother of the Kardashian sisters.

In 2015, Jenner came out as transgender. In June 2015, Jenner had completed her transition and changed her name to Caitlyn Jenner.

She was a candidate for Governor of California in the 2021 recall election as a Republican. She received one percent of the votes, and she finished in 13th place. She was later hired by Fox News as an on-air contributor.
Early life
Jenner is from Mount Kisco, New York. She studied at Newtown High School in Newtown, Connecticut,. Jenner got a football scholarship to Graceland College (now Graceland University) in Iowa. A knee injury caused her to stop playing football. She changed to the decathlon. Jenner first decathlon was at the Drake Relays in 1970. She finished in fifth place.
Olympic career
Jenner placed third in the decathlon at the 1972 U.S. Olympic trials. She finished in tenth place at the 1972 Munich games. Because she did so well in getting to the Olympics, she chose focus her time almost entirely on training. She sold insurance when not training.  In the years before professionalism was allowed in athletics, this kind of full-time training was unusual.  During that time, she spent eight hours a day at the San Jose City College track. San Jose at the time was a main place for training Olympic athletes. Millard Hampton, Andre Phillips, John Powell, Mac Wilkins, Al Feuerbach and others also trained there.  In 1974 and 1976, Jenner was the American champion in the decathlon.
At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, she won the gold medal in the Decathlon. She set the world record of 8,618 points.  Her record was broken by just 4 points by Daley Thompson in 1980.  In 1985, the IAAF Decathlon scoring table was changed. Using the new table, Jenner's score was 8634 when comparing her to modern athletes.  As of 2011, Jenner is #25 on the world all-time list and  #9 on the American all-time list.

Jenner was a national hero due to winning the Olympic decathlon.   She won the 1976 James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Jenner was also the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year in 1976. She was made a part of the Olympic Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame, the Connecticut Sports Hall of Fame in 1994 and the United States National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1980.

Celebrity
Celebrity

In the 1970s, Olympic athletes were required to be amateur. They were not allowed to be paid as a sports celebrity. In 1972, three major Olympic sports (basketball, 100 meters and decathlon), were won by Soviet athletes. Winning the decathlon title made Jenner an American hero. After this, Jenner wanted to earn money because of her celebrity. If she did this, she could not take part in the Olympics again. She left her equipment in the stadium. She did not expect to ever use them again. Shortly after the Games, Jenner's picture was used on the front of Wheaties brand breakfast cereal as a "Wheaties champion."  Since then, photographs of several hundred athletes have been used on the boxes. Jenner is one of only seven Wheaties "spokesmen." She was asked to go to the White House to meet with President Gerald R. Ford.
On November 22, 1977, Jenner went to San Francisco to testify in court against complaints that General Mills, the makers of Wheaties, had been using false advertising about her eating Wheaties. Jenner said that she liked the cereal and ate it two to three times per week. Two days later the court case was stopped.

In 1977, the Kansas City Kings picked Jenner with the 139th pick of the NBA Draft. Jenner had not played basketball since high school. She did not play for them.

Jenner decided to try for a television career. She had some success. Jenner starred in the television movies "The Golden Moment: An Olympic Love Story" (1980) and "Grambling's White Tiger" (1981). In 1981–82, she began acting on the police series CHiPs. She played the role of Officer Steve McLeish. She was a short time replacement for Erik Estrada. Estrada was in a contract dispute with NBC and MGM at the time. Jenner was in a half-dozen episodes before Estrada returned.
Jenner also appears in the video games Olympic Decathlon (1981) and Bruce Jenner's World Class Decathlon (1996).

Further TV appearances
Jenner has appeared as herself on many game shows and reality TV programs. In the early 1990s, she was the host of an infomercial for a stair-climbing exercise machine called the "Stair Climber Plus".

In January 2002, Jenner was in an episode of the American series of The Weakest Link. In February and March 2003, she was part of the cast of the American series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. She made a cameo appearance on a season three episode of The Apprentice in May 2005. She skated with Tai Babilonia for Skating with Celebrities in January–March 2006. Jenner has as also been a guest judge on Pet Star on Animal Planet, and appeared on NBC's game show Identity. She was also on Celebrity Family Feud with her family.
Keeping Up with the Kardashians
Since 2007, Jenner has been in the  E! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. She is on the series with her wife Kris Jenner, stepdaughters Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and stepson Rob Kardashian and daughters Kylie and Kendall Jenner. The Kardashian members of the family are from Kris' marriage to attorney Robert Kardashian. Season two had an average of 1.6 million viewers.

At the start of its fourth season in late 2009, Keeping Up with the Kardashians set ratings records. Its second episode had a total of 4.2 million people watch it.

Kardashians ended its fifth season on October 24, 2010. It had 4.1 million viewers at that time. This was less than record 4.8 million viewers for its fourth-season finale on February 28, 2010.

Personal life
Jenner's company, Bruce Jenner Aviation, sells aircraft supplies.
When Jenner was a young child, she learned she had dyslexia. In an episode of the sitcom Silver Spoons, she told the Stratton family about her condition. This was after she retired from sports, built a successful career as a motivational speaker and television sports commentator.

On February 7, 2015, Jenner was involved in a multiple-vehicle collision on the Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu, California. The accident caused one death, and eight others were injured. Jenner was able to walk away from the accident.

Politically, Jenner is conservative and is a Republican. She is also a Christian.

On September 23, 2013, Jenner said that she underwent surgery of her nose skin because of cancer.
Transgender
In April 2015, Jenner publicly came out as transgender in a two-hour television interview. She said that she wants to be referred to with male pronouns while transitioning. Jenner will star in an eight-part documentary about her transition. It will be broadcast starting in July 2015. On June 1, 2015, Jenner revealed her new name, Caitlyn, and her use of female pronouns officially.  Many news sources have described Jenner as the most famous openly transgender American.

Family

Jenner has a younger sister named Lisa. Her younger brother, Burt was killed in a car accident shortly after Jenner's success in the Olympics. Jenner's first son is named after her brother.

Jenner's first marriage was to Chrystie Crownover (December 15, 1972 – January 2, 1980). They had two children, Burton William "Burt" Jenner (born September 6, 1978) and daughter Cassandra Lynn "Casey" Jenner  (born June 10, 1980). In 2009, Jenner became a grandmother to Francesca, her daughter Casey's first child.
Jenner's second marriage was from 1981–1985 to actress Linda Thompson. Their two sons Brandon Thompson (born June 4, 1981) and Brody (born August 21, 1983) appeared in their own reality show The Princes of Malibu. Brody was also on the reality show The Hills.

Jenner's third marriage was to Kris (née Houghton). After dating for five months, they married on April 21, 1991. Kris was previously married to lawyer Robert Kardashian. Jenner has two daughters with Kris, Kendall Nicole (born November 3, 1995) and Kylie Kristen (born August 10, 1997). During Jenner's third marriage, she was the stepfather of Kim, Khloé, Kourtney and Rob Kardashian.

Bruce and Kris Jenner announced their separation in October 2013, though they had actually separated a year earlier. Their divorce was finalized in March 2015.

Politics
In July 2017, Jenner announced that she was contemplating running in the 2018 race for the US Senate to represent California. She decided not to run in the elction.
In early April 2021, it was reported that Jenner was considering running for Governor of California in the 2021 recall gubernatorial election as a Republican. On April 23, she announced she would run.

References

Other websites

Official site 

 
Wheaties spokesperson
Jenner Communications
Bruce Jenner's U.S. Olympic Team bio 
USATF Hall of Fame bio
1949 births
Living people
American Christians
American Olympic gold medalists
American socialites
American track and field athletes
Businesspeople from New York (state)
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! contestants
Kardashian family
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT businesspeople
LGBT Christians
LGBT Olympians
LGBT people from New York (state)
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Television personalities from New York (state)
Transgender people
People from Mount Kisco, New York
Politicians from New York (state)
Politicians from California
Businesspeople from California
LGBT people from California
Sportspeople from California
American LGBT politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People with dyslexia
Transgender women
was an old province of Japan in the area Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  Along with Bizen and Bingo Provinces, it was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Hōki, Mimasaka, Bizen, and Bingo Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Soja.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Bitchū Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Kibitsu jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Bitchū.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Okayama Prefecture
The Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI) is a private, non-profit foundation, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The institute is dedicated to increasing and disseminating mathematical knowledge. It gives out various awards and sponsorships to promising mathematicians. Boston businessman Landon T. Clay and his wife, Lavinia D. Clay started it in 1998. Harvard University mathematician Arthur Jaffe was the first president of CMI.

The institute is best known for its Millennium Prize Problems, a list of the seven most important unsolved mathematical questions. Of these, only the Poincaré conjecture has since been solved. The Clay Institute also does other things, including a postdoctoral program (ten Clay Research Fellows are supported each year) and an annual summer school, the proceedings of which are published jointly with the American Mathematical Society.
Mathematical societies
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Scientific organizations based in the United States
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Massachusetts
Organizations based in Massachusetts
was an old province of Japan in the area of Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  Along with Bitchū and Bingo Provinces, it was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Mimasaka, Harima, and Bitchū Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Okayama.

History

In 713 (Wadō era 6, 3rd month), the land of Bizen-no kuni was separated from Mimasaka Province (美作国).

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Bizen Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Kitbitsuhiko jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Bizen.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Okayama Prefecture
713 establishments
710s establishments in Japan
Disestablishment time missing or unknown
Lauderhill is a town in south Florida. It is in Broward County, ten miles from the Atlantic Ocean.

In 2020, 74,482 people lived there. More than 75% of the population is black. Many are Jamaicans and other Caribbean people who immigrated in the last 40 years. About 9% are white, mostly old people retired from New England.

References

Other websites 
 City of Lauderhill official website

Cities in Florida
Monica Iozzi de Castro (November 2, 1981 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil) is a Brazilian actress and reporter. Currently she integrates the TV Show Custe o Que Custar of the Rede Bandeirantes.

References 

1981 births
Living people
Brazilian actors
A socialite is a wealthy and famous person who takes part in social activities and spends a large amount of time entertaining and being entertained at upper-class events. 

The term includes many people who are "famous because they are famous". These people are not famous because of something they have done. They are famous most often because of which family they are a member of and/or how they are talked about by the media.

In history, many socialites were aristocrats who attended gatherings of other wealthy people. Many of them also had close ties to the British royal family and the House of Lords. Some modern socialites include Paris Hilton and Kim Kardashian.
Social register 
American socialites used to be listed in the Social Register. It was a list of names and addresses of the people who were thought to be more socially acceptable in the socially important families in the 19th century. In 1886, Louis Keller had the idea of combining these lists and selling them. Mr. Keller had great success. By 1918 there were 18 yearly volumes that covered 26 cities.

Related pages

 Upper class

References
The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the force that the magnet can exert on electric currents and the torque that a magnetic field will exert on it. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments.

Both the magnetic moment and magnetic field may be considered to be vectors having a magnitude and direction. The direction of the magnetic moment points from the south to north pole of a magnet.  The magnetic field produced by a magnet is proportional to its magnetic moment as well.  More precisely, the term magnetic moment normally refers to a system's  magnetic dipole moment, which produces the first term in the multipole expansion of a general magnetic field. The dipole component of an object's magnetic field is symmetric about the direction of its magnetic dipole moment, and decreases as the inverse cube of the distance from the object.

Two definitions of moment
In text books, two complementary approaches are used to define magnetic moments. In pre-1930's textbooks, they were defined using magnetic poles. Most recent textbooks define it in terms of Ampèrian currents.

Magnetic pole definition 

Physicists represent sources of magnetic moments in materials as poles. The North and South poles are an analogy to the positive and negative charges in electrostatics. Consider a bar magnet which has magnetic poles of equal magnitude but opposite polarity. Each pole is the source of magnetic force which weakens with distance. Since magnetic poles always come in pairs, their forces partially cancel each other because while one pole pulls, the other repels.  This cancellation is greatest when the poles are close to each other i.e. when the bar magnet is short. The magnetic force produced by a bar magnet, at a given point in space, therefore depends on two factors:  on both the strength  of its poles, and on the vector  separating them. The moment is defined as
It points in the direction from South to North pole. The analogy with electric dipoles should not be taken too far because magnetic dipoles are associated with angular momentum (see Magnetic moment and angular momentum). Nevertheless, magnetic poles are very useful for magnetostatic calculations, particularly in applications to ferromagnets. Practitioners using the magnetic pole approach generally represent the magnetic field by the irrotational field , in analogy to the electric field .

Current loop definition 

Suppose a planar closed loop carries an electric current  and has vector area  (, , and  coordinates of this vector are the areas of projections of the loop onto the , , and  planes). Its magnetic moment , vector, is defined as:
By convention, the direction of the vector area is given by the right hand grip rule (curling the fingers of one's right hand in the direction of the current around the loop, when the palm of the hand is "touching" the loop's outer edge, and the straight thumb indicates the direction of the vector area and thus of the magnetic moment).

If the loop is not planar, the moment is given as

In the most general case of an arbitrary current distribution in space, the magnetic moment of such a distribution can be found from the following equation:

 

where  is the position vector pointing from the origin to the location of the volume element, and  is the current density vector at that location.

The above equation can be used for calculating a magnetic moment of any assembly of moving charges, such as a spinning charged solid, by substituting

 

where  is the electric charge density at a given point and  is the instantaneous linear velocity of that point.
For example, the magnetic moment produced by an electric charge  moving  along a circular path is

 ,

where  is the position of the charge  relative to the center of the circle and  is the instantaneous velocity of the charge.

Practitioners using the current loop model generally represent the magnetic field by the solenoidal field , analogous to the electrostatic field .

Magnetic moment of a solenoid 

A generalization of the above current loop is a multi-turn coil, or solenoid. Its moment is the vector sum of the moments of individual turns. If the solenoid has  identical turns (single-layer winding),

Units
Units 

The unit for magnetic moment is not a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and it can be represented in more than one way. For example, in the current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and  is measured in amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere–square meters (). In the equation for torque on a moment, the torque is measured in Newton.meters and the magnetic field in tesla, so the moment is measured in N.m per Tesla (). These two representations are equivalent:

 

In the CGS system, there are several different sets of electromagnetism units, of which the main ones are ESU, Gaussian, and EMU. Among these, there are two alternative (non-equivalent) units of magnetic dipole moment in CGS:

 (ESU CGS) 1 statA·cm² = 3.33564095×10-14 (m2·A or N.m/T)

and (more frequently used)

 (EMU CGS and Gaussian-CGS) 1 erg/G = 1 abA·cm² = 10-3 (m2·A or N.m/T).
The ratio of these two non-equivalent CGS units (EMU/ESU) is equal exactly to the speed of light in free space, expressed in cm/s.

All formulas in this article are correct in SI units, but in other unit systems, the formulas may need to be changed. For example, in SI units, a loop of current with current I and area A has magnetic moment I×A (see below), but in Gaussian units the magnetic moment is I×A/c.

For relation between the notions of magnetic moment and magnetization see magnetization.

References and notes 

Magnetism
Bedworth  is a small market town in Warwickshire, England. It is  northwest of London,  east of Birmingham, and  north of the county town of Warwick. The town is home to many sights including The Bedworth Water Tower and The Nicholas Chamberlaine Almshouses. It was also known for mining, which is not done anymore. They also are known for the vast amount of Charity Shops which are located in most parts of the town.

The town is pronounced "Beduf" by the people that live there.

Towns in Warwickshire
Thomas Schaaf (born 30 April 1961 in Mannheim) is a former German football player. Schaaf was a defender. He is now coach of SV Werder Bremen in the German Bundesliga.

Career
After the death of his father the Schaaf family went to Bremen. They lived near the Weser Stadion. And so Thomas Schaaf came to SV Werder. He spent all his active and manager time with SV Werder. In 1972 he came to Werder Bremen's youth academy. 1978 he turned professional. Till 1994 he played 281 matches for Werder Bremen. He was with Bremen two times German Champion (1988, 1993) and two times Cup winner (1991, 1994). He also won the UEFA Cup  in 1992. As player he played two times for the German U21 national team.
Schaaf began his coaching career during his active career. He was then coach of Werder's youth teams U17 (1987/88) and U19 (1988 - 1995). 1993 till 1995 he was assistance coach in the first team. After four years as coach with the second team he became coach of the first team in 1999. He is still coach. He is the longest serving coach in today's German Bundesliga. As coach of the first team he won the German Bundesliga in 2004 and was three times Cup winner (1999, 2004, 2009). From 2004 his team qualified 5 times for the  UEFA Champions League.

Thomas Schaaf is married and has a daughter. He is also engaged in social issues. He is ambassador for the "Zentrum für trauernde Kinder und Jugendliche " (center for mourning children and youths).

Other websites 
 Fansite Thomas Schaaf (German) 
 Profile Official Werder Homepage (German) 

1961 births
Living people
German football managers
German footballers
Sportspeople from Mannheim
SV Werder Bremen managers‎
Werder Bremen players
The Rockefeller family () is the Cleveland family of John D. Rockefeller (1839–1937) and his brother William Rockefeller (1841–1922).  They are an American industrial, banking, and political family that originally came from Germany.  They made one of the world's largest private fortunes in the oil business during the late 19th and early 20th century.  This was mainly through the Standard Oil Company.

The family is also known for its long association with and financial interest in the Chase Manhattan Bank, now JPMorgan Chase.  People see them as one of the most powerful groups inside the United States and are well connected to the banking industry.  Their ancestor, Johann Peter Rockefeller, moved to North America in 1723 from what is today Westerwald, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Construction and Restoration of Buildings
The family was heavily involved in many real estate construction projects in the U.S. during the 20th century. Chief among them:
 Rockefeller Center, a multi-building complex built at the start of the Depression in Midtown Manhattan, financed solely by the family
 International House of New York, New York City, 1924 (Junior) {Involvement: John D. 3rd, Abby Aldrich, David & Peggy, David Jr., Abby O'Neill}
 Wren Building, College of William and Mary's, Virginia, from 1927 (Renovation funded by Junior)
 Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia, from 1927 onwards (Junior, Abby Aldrich, John D. 3rd and Winthrop), historical restoration
 Museum of Modern Art, New York City, from 1929 (Abby Aldrich, Junior, Blanchette, Nelson, David, David Jr., Sharon Percy Rockefeller)
 Riverside Church, New York City, 1930 (Junior)
 The Cloisters, New York City, from 1934 (Junior)
 The Interchurch Center, New York City, 1948 (Junior)
 Asia Society (Asia House), New York City, 1956 (John D. 3rd)
One Chase Manhattan Plaza, New York City, 1961 (David)
 Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, 1962 (Nelson)
 Lincoln Center, New York City, 1962 (John D. 3rd)
 World Trade Center Twin Towers, New York City, 1973-2001 (David and Nelson)
 The Embarcadero Complex, San Francisco, 1974 (David)
 Council of the Americas/Americas Society, New York City, 1985 (David)
 In addition to this is Senior and Junior's involvement in seven major housing developments:
 Forest Hill Estates, Cleveland, Ohio
 City Housing Corporations efforts, Sunnyside Gardens, Queens, New York City
 Thomas Garden Apartments, The Bronx, New York City
 Paul Lawrence Dunbar Housing, Harlem, New York City
 Lavoisier Apartments, Manhattan, New York City
 Van Tassel Apartments, Sleepy Hollow, New York (formerly North Tarrytown)
 A development in Radburn, New Jersey