Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
On 24 September 1979, Belousova and Protopopov defected to Switzerland while on tour. They applied for political asylum. They settled in Grindelwald. They became Swiss citizens in 1995. Switzerland is still their winter home. Their summer home and training center is in Lake Placid, New York. On 25 February 2003, they went back to Russia for the first time. They were invited by Vyacheslav Fetisov, the Russian Minister of Sport.

Competitive highlights

References

Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Soviet figure skaters
Swiss sportspeople
Living people
Gary Stanley Becker (December 2, 1930 ~ May 3, 2014) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago and a professor at the Booth School of Business. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1992 and received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007. 

Becker was one of the first economists to study topics that were usually researched in sociology. He studied family organization in new and interesting ways. He studied racial discrimination, crime, and rational addiction. He said that many different types of human behavior that seem self-destructive or irrational can be seen as rational and utility-maximizing. He also studied altruism in human behavior. He showed that sometimes altruism was really to help oneself. He was a strong supporter of studying human capital. According to Milton Friedman, he was "the greatest social scientist who has lived and worked" in the second part of the twentieth century.
Becker was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Gary Becker died in Chicago, Illinois from complications of ulcer surgery, aged 83.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2014 deaths
Burials at Oak Woods Cemetery
American economists
American sociologists
Scientists from Chicago
Scientists from Pennsylvania
American bloggers
University of Chicago faculty
Educators from Pennsylvania
Tatiana Yevgenyevna Samoilova (; 4 May 1934 – 4 May 2014) was a Soviet and Russian movie actress. She starred in The Cranes Are Flying (1957), The Unsent Letter (1959) and Anna Karenina (1967). 

Samoilova's career began in 1955. She starred in over 50 Russian movies. She retired in 2008. Samoilova was born in Leningrad, Russia SFSR, Soviet Union.

On 3 May 2014, the eve of her 80th birthday, Samoilova was taken to hospital in Moscow. She had a serious condition with coronary heart disease and hypertension. She died, two days later on 4 May 2014.

References

Other websites
 

1934 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Deaths from hypertension
Actors from Saint Petersburg
Russian movie actors
Soviet actors
Newington Butts is a former village, now an area of south London. It is most famous as the location of the Newington Butts Theatre in the late 1500s. Some of the first performances of plays such as Hamlet, Titus Andronicus and The Taming of a Shrew happened here. It probably gets its name from an archery butts, or practice field.

References 

Theatres in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
Regina Belle (born July 17, 1963) is an African American singer-songwriter and musician. She performed the award-winning "A Whole New World". She also did "I Can't Imagine".

Belle was born in Englewood, New Jersey.

References

Musicians from New Jersey
American R&B musicians
1963 births
Living people
Stacy Lattisaw (born November 25, 1966) is an American R&B and gospel singer. Since the 1990s, she has performed only gospel music.

Lattisaw's major singles include "Love on a Two-Way Street" and 1989's "Where Do We Go from Here".

Lattisaw was born in Washington, D.C..

References

Singers from Washington, D.C.
American R&B singers
1966 births
Living people
American gospel musicians
Aegis was the shield that Athena used. It had the face of the gorgon Medusa on it.

Greek mythology
In chemistry, curing is the name of a process that strengthens the links between polymers. When it is used with rubber, this process is called vulcanization.

Polymer chemistry
Chemical processes
Robert John Aumann (Hebrew name: , Yisrael Aumann; born June 8, 1930) is an Israeli-American mathematician and economist. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. 
He is specialized in mathematical economics and game theory. Aumann won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2005 for his work on conflict through game-theory analysis. He shared the prize with Thomas Schelling.

References

Other websites

1930 births
Living people
American economists
American mathematicians
American Nobel Prize winners
Israeli Nobel Prize winners
Israeli mathematicians
Jewish academics
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Frankfurt
Refugees from Nazism
Monty Alexander (born Montgomery Bernard Alexander; June 6, 1944) is a jazz pianist, who also plays the melodica. His career began in 1958. 

He was born in Kingston, Jamaica, but was raised in Miami, Florida. He was married to musician Emily Remler, but their marriage ended in divorce.

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American jazz musicians
American pianists
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Musicians from Miami
A satellite state is an officially independent country that is strongly influenced or controlled by another country. 
Unlike puppet states, satellite states are generally internationally recognized by most countries, as most of them were already independent countries, which later came under the influence of more powerful countries. Examples of satellite states include the Warsaw Pact countries which were called Soviet satellite states, because they were influenced by the Soviet Union. Belarus is currently a satellite state of Russia.

Related pages 
 Puppet state
Client state

References 

States
Political geography
Lossy compression is a form of data compression where parts of the data are lost in the process. When a compressed data is returned to normal some data is lost. Lossy compression is used to greatly reduce the size of a computer file when it is stored, handled, or transmitted. As an example, JPEG is a lossy compression format. GIF and PNG are lossless compression systems. Other lossy compression systems are MP3 for sound files and WMV for video. If a file were to be compressed too much, it would cause the file to be noticeably lower in quality.

References 

Data structures
Computer file formats
Data compression
Fangbone is a Canadian animated television series. It is produced by the Canadian company Radical Sheep Productions Inc. It is distributed by Disney XD Canada. The series is based on the New York Times best-selling comic books by Michael Rex. The first episode aired in March 2016. The last episode was in January 2017. 

The series' pilot first aired in Canada. It won numerous awards including Best One-Off Or Special from the 2015 Kidscreen Awards, Best Animated Writing from the 2015 Writer's Guild Of Canada Awards, and Best TV Show Ages 9-14 from the 2015 Youth Media Alliance Awards. It was also nominated for Best Animated Series at the 2015 Canadian Screen Awards.

Plot
Fangbone is a nine-year-old barbarian warrior from Skullbania. He has landed in Eastwood Elementary's third grade class to save his native land from the villain, Venomous Drool. With the help of his new friend Bill, a lovable, normal, goofy kid, Fangbone beats his enemies while discovering the modern world.
Broadcast
A pilot for the series premiered on Disney XD Canada in 2014. Soon after, production began on a first season. This first aired in March 2016 in North America.

References

Canadian animated television series
The Toba catastrophe was the largest volcanic eruption in the last 2.6 million years. It is called a catastrophe because its effects may have damaged the human species.

The eruption 
Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia, is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred 73,000 (±4000 years) years ago.
It was a climate-changing event. The eruption was two orders of magnitude (= x100) larger than the largest known historic eruption, that of Tambora, also in Indonesia.

This eruption was the last and largest of four eruptions of Toba during the Quaternary epoch. It had an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index of 8 (described as "apocalyptic"). It made a sizable contribution to the 100x30 km caldera complex. The mass it threw out was 100 times greater than the largest volcanic eruption in recent history. That was the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia, which caused the 1816 "Year Without a Summer" in the northern hemisphere.
Consequences 
The eruption of Toba led to a volcanic winter with a worldwide decline in temperatures between 3-5 degrees C, and up to 15 degrees C in higher latitudes.

Effect on humans 
According to the Toba catastrophe theory, it had global consequences. It killed most humans then alive. It created a population bottleneck in Central Eastern Africa and India that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today.

According to the theory, only 10,000 (perhaps only 1,000) pairs of humans survived the disaster. Perhaps it led to the other hominids becoming extinct, though the Neanderthals certainly survived in Europe and Eurasia.

There is no direct evidence that the theory is correct. And there is no evidence for any other animal decline or extinction, even in environmentally sensitive species. There is evidence that human habitation continued in India after the eruption. The theory in its strongest form seems to be incorrect.

References 

Volcanic eruptions
Calderas
Volcanoes of Indonesia
Laurie Strode is a fictional character in the Halloween movies. The first movie she was in was the 1978 movie. She is an example of the "final girl" character, the last girl alive to fight the killer in a movie.

Jamie Lee Curtis was the first actress to play Laurie Strode.

Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1978
Movie characters
Halloween (franchise)
Horror movie characters
Fictional orphans
Heather Thomas (born September 8, 1957) is an American actress and writer. She is also a political activist. She co-starred as Judy Banks on The Fall Guy.

Thomas was born in Greenwich, Connecticut.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Greenwich, Connecticut
American television actors
American movie actors
Writers from Connecticut
1957 births
Living people
Richard Bache "Dick" Ayers (April 28, 1924 – May 4, 2014) was an American comic book artist and cartoonist. He was best known for his work as one of Jack Kirby's inkers during the Silver Age of Comics period in the late-1950s and 1960s. He worked on some of the earliest issues of Marvel Comics' The Fantastic Four. He was born in Ossining, New York.

Ayers died on May 4, 2014 in White Plains, New York, aged 90.

References

Other websites

 
 

1924 births
2014 deaths
American cartoonists
American comics artists
American painters
People from New York (state)
County Armagh is one of six counties that together make up Northern Ireland. It is also one of the 32 counties of Ireland. County Armagh lies in the north-east of the island of Ireland. The county is 1,326 km² big. About 174,792 people live there.

The county is named after the city Armagh. The name "Armagh" comes from the Irish word Ard meaning "high place" and Macha. In stories, Macha is a goddess of Ireland. Armagh was the main town for the historic Ulaid kings of Ulster.

Landscape
The landscape has hills in the south. Slieve Gullion is the highest mountain. It goes down from there and becomes flatter with small hills called drumlins in the middle and the west. It is fairly flat in the north, and is at sea level at Lough Neagh. There are a few small islands in the lake.
History
Ancient Armagh was the territory of the Ulaid people before the year 400. The Red Branch ruled the county. Their capital was a fort called Emain Macha near Armagh. The Red Branch play an important role in the stories in the Ulster Cycle. They are also part of the story the "Cattle Raid of Cooley".

Armagh was the Roman Catholic home of Saint Patrick.

The Troubles
South Armagh is mostly nationalist. In the late 20th century, a significant minority of its inhabitants supported the IRA.

Main towns
 Newry (though part of the settlement is in County Down)
 Craigavon, includes:
 Lurgan
 Portadown
 Armagh (has city status)
 Bessbrook
 Keady
 Richhill
 Tandragee

Baronies
Baronies are old divisions of Ireland. Below is a list of the baronies in County Armagh.

 Armagh
 Fews Lower
 Fews Upper
 Oneilland East
 Oneilland West
 Orior Lower
 Orior Upper
 Tiranny

Transport
Transport

Two major highways run through County Armagh. The M1 links Belfast to Dungannon in the north of the county. The A1/N1 from Belfast to Dublin runs in the far south east. Armagh has lots of local roads connecting the towns and villages.

There used to be many railways in County Armagh, but at the moment there are only a few stations left.

Ulsterbus is the bus company that runs most public transport in the county. It includes buses from most towns to Belfast. Railway companies Northern Ireland Railways and Iarnród Éireann together run the Enterprise service. It has trains that go to Dublin (about an hour) and Belfast (about forty minutes) a few times daily. There are many more Northern Ireland Railways trains into Belfast and Bangor.

Inland waterways
The Ulster Canal and the Newry Canal run through County Armagh. The canals are not fully open for boats to use.
People associated with County Armagh
 Frank Aiken (1898–1983), born in County Armagh, Irish Republican, Irish Minister for External Affairs, Tánaiste
 Saint Benignus of Armagh, (d. 467), first rector of the Cathedral School of Armagh and Bishop of Armagh
 Brian Boru (941–1014), buried in Armagh City, victor of Clontarf, High King of Ireland
 Arthur Hunter Palmer (1819–1898), born in County Armagh, 5th Premier of Queensland
 Seamus Mallon (1936– ), born in County Armagh, first deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
 Colin Morgan (1986– ), born in County Armagh, Actor
 Paul Muldoon (1951- ), born in County Armagh, Poet, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and the T. S. Eliot Prize
 Tomás Ó Fiaich (1923–1990), born in County Armagh, Cardinal (Catholicism), Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland 1977–90
 Eunan O'Neill (1982), born in County Armagh, journalist, Russia Today
 Sir William Olpherts (1822–1902), born in County Armagh, soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross
Ian Paisley (1926– ), born in County Armagh, clergyman, politician, second First Minister of Northern Ireland
 Saint Patrick (fifth century), first Bishop of Armagh
 George William Russell 'Æ' (1867–1919), born in County Armagh, author, critic and painter
 Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (1759–1822), educated in The Royal School, Armagh. British Foreign Secretary, Secretary for War, Leader of the United Kingdom House of Commons and Chief Secretary for Ireland
 Colin Turkington (1982), born in Portadown, County Armagh, professional racing driver and 2009 British Touring Car champion.
 James Ussher (1581–1656), Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland 1625–1656
 Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley (1760–1842), educated in The Royal School, Armagh. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Governor General of India
Places of interest
 Armagh Observatory, founded in 1790 & Armagh Planetarium, a modern working astronomical research institute with a rich heritage
 Armagh Public Library on Abbey Street in Armagh City
 Navan Fort, now a tree ring mound. It once housed the rulers of Ulster. It now has a modern interactive visitor centre
 Saint Patrick's Church of Ireland Cathederal which was founded in 445.
 Saint Patrick's Roman Catholic Cathederal
 Gosford Castle, 19th-century castle with a lot of grounds
 Slieve Gullion, extinct volcano with crater lake. It has the highest burial cairn in Ireland. 9 counties can be seen from the top. There is also a visitor centre.

References

Other websites

 
 Armagh and Down tourism
 Armagh history 
 Public Records Office of Northern Ireland – Irish Administrative Divisions
 Triskelle – County Armagh
 Notes on County Armagh
 Selected Monuments in County Armagh
 Poyntzpass Presbyterian Church, Armagh
Palaeotheres are an extinct group of herbivorous mammals. They are related to tapirs and rhinoceros, and probably ancestral to horses. They ranged across Europe and Asia during the Eocene and Oligocene 5528 million years ago.

They were small to medium-sized. They lived in dense forests. They ate soft leaves, shoots, berries, and leaf matter picked up from the forest floor.

Genera:
 Palaeotherium
 Hyracotherium
 Anchilophus
 Lophiotherium
 Propachynolophus

Mammals
Fossils
Flatland is a novella by Edwin Abbott Abbott. It is set in a fictional two-dimensional world. The books is a satire on society in the Victorian era, where shapes are given jobs and roles based on how many sides they have. It also looks at dimensions, with math, shapes, and geometry. 

British novellas
Geometry

1884 books
Our Lady of Lourdes is a name for the Virgin Mary.  She is believed to have appeared near Lourdes, France.  The first appearance was on 11 February 1858. It was seen by Bernadette Soubirous, a 14 year old peasant.  Seventeen more appearances were reported that year.
Roman Catholicism
Christian symbols
Marian apparitions

Religion in France
Lourdes
Helga Königsdorf (Helga Bunke; July 13, 1938 – May 4, 2014) was a German author and physicist. Her writings helped women's rights in Germany during the 1970s and 1980s. She worked with Christa Wolf, Brigitte Reimann and Maxie Wander. She retired in 1990. Königsdorf was born in Gera, Germany.

Königsdorf died in Berlin, Germany from Parkinson's disease, aged 75.

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
German physicists
Writers from Thuringia
The Division of Herbert is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is in northern Queensland, and is named after Sir Robert Herbert, the first Premier of Queensland (1859–1866). In 1901 the division covered an area from Mackay to the Torres Strait, but today it only covers an area around the city of Townsville.

Members

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Herbert (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
 Ewen Jones' website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Queensland
1901 establishments in Australia
Eduardo Mac Entyre (20 February 1929 – 5 May 2014) was an Argentine artist. He was known for his geometric paintings. Mac Entyre has also created a body of more traditional Abstract, Cubist and Figurative art. 

He was honored by the Organization of American States in 1986 for his works to Modern art in Latin America and his work is widely displayed in Argentina and elsewhere. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Entyre died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 85.

References

1929 births
2014 deaths
Argentine painters
People from Buenos Aires
Billy Frank, Jr. (March 9, 1931 – May 5, 2014) was a Native American environmental leader and treaty rights activist. Frank is known for his grassroots campaign for fishing rights on the tribe’s Nisqually River in Washington. He was mostly active during the 1960s and 1970s. He helped keep natural resources in the state. He was born in Nisqually, Washington.

Frank died on May 5, 2014, aged 83.

References

1931 births
2014 deaths
American activists
People from Washington (state)
Butler Carson Derrick, Jr.  (September 30, 1936 – May 5, 2014) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina. Derrick was a representative for South Carolina's 3rd district. He served from 1975 to 1995. He was succeeded by Lindsey Graham. Derrick was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Derrick died in Easley, South Carolina from cancer, aged 77.

References

1936 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in South Carolina
United States representatives from South Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Willem (Wil) Albeda (13 June 1925 - 6 May 2014) was a Dutch politician. From 1966, he was member and from 1973 chairman of the Anti-Revolutionary Party group in the Senate. He was Minister of Social Affairs in the first cabinet Van Agt. After this he returned to the Senate. He later became chairman of the Scientific Council for Government Policy.

Albeda was born in Rotterdam. He died in Maastricht, aged 88.

References

Other websites
 Bio at Parlement.com

1925 births
2014 deaths
Anti-Revolutionary Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Dutch academics
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch economists
Dutch trade unionists
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from Rotterdam
Otto Carius (27 May 1922 – 24 January 2015) was a German former Nazi tank commander. He destroyed over 150 foreign tanks. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. After the war, Carius worked as a pharmacist. He also wrote books about his experiences during the war.

Carius was born in Zweibrücken, Weimar Germany. He died from a short illness in Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Germany, aged 92.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2015 deaths
German autobiographers
German military personnel of World War II
People from Rhineland-Palatinate
Pharmacists
Keith Harvey Miller (March 1, 1925 – March 2, 2019) was a Republican politician from Alaska. He was the second Secretary of State of Alaska, under Governor Walter Hickel. When Hickel resigned in 1969, Miller became Governor. He was governor until December 5, 1970.

Miller died from pancreatic cancer while in hospice in Anchorage a day after his 94th birthday on March 2, 2019.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Alaska
Governors of Alaska
Politicians from Seattle
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Alaska
Frank Hughes Murkowski (; born March 28, 1933) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a United States Senator from Alaska from 1981 until 2002. He was the eighth Governor of Alaska, from 2002 until 2006. His daughter is U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski.

References

Other websites

1933 births
Living people
Governors of Alaska
Politicians from Seattle
United States senators from Alaska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
William Jennings Sheffield, Jr. (born June 26, 1928) is an American Democratic politician. He was the fifth Governor of Alaska from 1982 to 1986. Sheffield's term as governor was marked by controversy including attempts to have him impeached. He was born in Spokane, Washington.

References

Other websites

1928 births
Living people
Governors of Alaska
Politicians from Spokane, Washington
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Albert Harold "Al" Quie (September 18, 1923 – August 18, 2023) was an American politician. He was the 35th Governor of Minnesota, from January 4, 1979 to January 3, 1983. Quie was born in Dennison, Minnesota. From 1958 until 1979, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives.

Quie died on August 18, 2023, at his home in Wayzata, Minnesota, one month before his 100th birthday.

References

1923 births
2023 deaths
Governors of Minnesota
Republican Party (United States) politicians
20th-century American politicians
American Lutherans
United States representatives from Minnesota
World War II people
Dennison is a city in Goodhue County and Rice County, Minnesota. It has a population of 212 residents in 2010. Most of it is in Goodhue. 

Cities in Minnesota
Wendell Richard Anderson (February 1, 1933 – July 17, 2016) was an American politician. He was the 33rd Governor of Minnesota from January 4, 1971 to December 29, 1976. In late 1976, he resigned to be named U.S. Senator. He replaced Senator Walter Mondale, who had been elected Vice President of the United States. Anderson was in the U.S. Senate from December 30, 1976 until December 29, 1978.

Anderson died on July 17, 2016 from pneumonia in St. Paul, Minnesota, aged 83.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
United States senators from Minnesota
Governors of Minnesota
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Arne Helge Carlson, Sr. (born September 24, 1934) is an American politician. He was the 37th Governor of Minnesota, from 1991 to 1999. He was a member of the Republican Party. Carlson was born in New York City, New York.

References

1934 births
Living people
Governors of Minnesota
Politicians from New York City
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Bryant Winfield Culberson Dunn (born July 1, 1927) is an American politician, dentist, and medical industry official. He was Governor of Tennessee from 1971 to 1975. He was the state's first Republican governor in fifty years, and was the sixth one since the Civil War.

Dunn ran for a second term in 1986. He lost to Ned McWherter. He remained active in the Republican Party and the medical field after his term as governor.

Dunn was born in Meridian, Mississippi.

References

Other websites

1927 births
Living people
Politicians from Mississippi
Politicians from Tennessee
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Meridian, Mississippi
The Make-A-Wish Foundation is a non-profit organization. The organization helps children that have life-threatening medical conditions by arranging experiences known as "wishes". The age limit is between 2 and a half and 18 at the time of referral. The person that decides if the child is eligible is the child's physician. The organization is based in Phoenix, Arizona. David A. Williams is the president and CEO of Make-A-Wish America. The person that holds the title of most wishes granted is professional wrestler John Cena who has grants over 450 wishes.

References

Other websites
Official website

Charities of the United States
Gotham is an American television series created by Bruno Heller. It is based on the characters of DC Comics. It is set in Gotham City, but was filmed in New York City and parts of Chicago and Detroit.

The show takes place when then rookie detective police officer James Gordon is trying to find out about why Bruce Wayne's parents were murdered. It stars Ben McKenzie, David Mazouz, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Sean Pertwee. It was aired by Fox. The first episode aired in fall 2014, and the last episode aired in spring 2019.

2014 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
Batman
English-language television programs
Benjamin McKenzie Schenkkan (born September 12, 1978) is an American comedian, actor and producer. He is also known as Benjamin McKenzie and Ben McKenzie, and was born in Austin, Texas. He plays Ryan Atwood in the television series The O.C. and Ben Sherman in Southland. He has also appeared on the television show, Gotham.

References

Other websites

1978 births
Living people
Comedians from Austin, Texas
Actors from Austin, Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
Championships
Absolute Intense Wrestling
AIW Absolute Championship (one time, current)All American WrestlingAAW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
AAW Heritage Championship (one time)
AAW Tag Team Championship (one time, current) (with Ethan Page)
Third AAW Triple Crown ChampionAlpha-1 WrestlingA1 Zero Gravity Championship (one time)BSE ProBSE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ashley Sixx)Great Canadian WrestlingGCW National Championship (two times)
GCW Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Jake O'Reilly (one) and Havok/Derek Wylde (one))1Independent Wrestling Association Mid-SouthIWA Mid-South Strong Style Championship (one time)Pro Wrestling GuerrillaPWG World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Brian Cage)Pro Wrestling IllustratedHe was ranked #37 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.Ring of HonorROH World Championship (1 time)
Survival of the Fittest (2011)Wrestling Observer Newsletter'''
5 Star Match (2012) (vs. Davey Richards on March 31)
1He first won the championship with Havok, but Derek Wylde would later replace Havok as Elgin's tag team partner and co-champion during the reign

References

Other websites
Ring of Honor profile 

Canadian professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Toronto
The Hyaenodontidae ("Hyaena teeth") is a family of the extinct order Creodonta, which contains several dozen genera.

The Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the late Paleocene and persisted well into the Miocene.  They were more widespread and successful than their sister family, the oxyaenids.

General characteristics 
They had long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a tendency to walk on their toes rather than flat-footed (plantigrade). They ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. Hyaenodon gigas, the larger species, was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 10 feet long and weighed about 500 kg, but most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. Fossil evidence of their skulls shows that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for slicing, rather than crushing.
Teeth 
Hyaenodonts were mainly meat-eaters. They did not crack main bones because they lacked
crushing teeth. This contrasts with modern hyaenas, which can crush bones of larger prey. This gives then a good source of calcium, and access to the highly nutritious bone marrow. Modern bears and dogs also have bone-crushing capability, though not to the same extent as hyaenas. Hyaenodonts thus thus lacked dental versatility  for processing any foods other than meat.

The carnassials in a hyaenodontid are generally the second upper and third lower molars. However, some hyaenodontids had as many as three pairs of carnassials or carnassial-like molar teeth in their jaws.
Life-style 
Because of their size range, it is probable that different species hunted in different ways and allowed them to fill many different predatory niches. Smaller ones would hunt in packs during the night like wolves, and bigger, fiercer ones would hunt alone during the daylight, using their sheer size and their mighty jaws as their principal weapon.

References 

Creodonts
Methanogens are microorganisms that make methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. The organisms are archaea,  a different domain from bacteria.  They are common in wetlands, where they make marsh gas. 

Methanogens are also common in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and humans. Methane is often belched out. 

In marine sediments methane is produced when sulfates are low. This happens below the top layers. Methanogenic archaea populations play an important role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. Some methanogens are extremophiles, found in environments such as hot springs and submarine hydrothermal vents as well as in the "solid" rock of the Earth's crust, kilometers below the surface. 

Methanogens convert acetic acid to methane in a fermentation process. Do not confuse them with methanotrophs, which use up methane for their carbon and energy requirements. Methanogens were discovered in 1776 and were formed 3.6 billion years ago.

References 

Archaeans
Metabolism
A selfie is a self-portrait photograph. It is typically taken with a hand-held digital camera or camera phone.

One of the first self-portraits was taken in 1839 by Robert Cornelius, an American photographer. The term "selfie" was first used by photographer Jim Krause in 2005.

Selfies by animals 
A black crested macaque (Macaca nigra) stole a camera, and took a photo of herself. The selfie seemed to set a legal precedent when the Wikimedia Foundation rejected a copyright claim. The ground was that a non-human could not own a copyright, and the camera owner had not taken the photo, and so also could not own the copyright. And so, the photo was not under copyright.

References 

Internet slang
Photographs
La Crosse is a city in the southwestern part of Wisconsin. The University of Wisconsin-La Crosse is there. A 2012 Census estimate had 51,647 people living there.

It is across from Winona, Minnesota. The city was incorporated in 1856.

Cities in Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
1856 establishments in Wisconsin
A concrete pump is a machine to move liquid concrete by using a pump. The pump uses piston pumps to move the concrete.

Types of concrete pumps:
 Trailer-mounted boom concrete pump
 Truck-mounted concrete pump or trailer-mounted concrete pump

Tools
Chamba State was one of the oldest Princely states in present-day Republic of India. It was founded during the late 6th century. It is in the Himalaya mountains.

References

Indian princely states
6th-century establishments in Asia
1948 disestablishments in India
550s establishments
Establishments in India
James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 – August 2, 1876) was a figure in the American Old West. He was also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok. He was a gunfighter, gambler, and lawman.

Biography
Hickok was born and raised on a farm in Homer, Illinois (now Troy Grove, Illinois). He went west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice. He worked first as a stagecoach driver, then as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska.

He fought (and spied) for the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he gained fame as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler.  Calamity Jane claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and  divorced him.

Hickok was involved in several notable shootouts. He was shot from behind and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. The card hand he held at the time of his death is known today as poker's "Dead Man's Hand". In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame.

References
References

Other websites
 James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok 
 Wild Bill Hickok collection, Nebraska State Historical Society

 
People from Illinois
American Old West
1837 births
1876 deaths
Deaths by firearm in the United States
Nicholas "Nick" Cvjetkovich (born August 29, 1973) is a Canadian professional wrestler, television actor, comic book artist and tattoo artist. Cvjetkovich is best known for his short time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he wrestled on their SmackDown brand under the ring name Kizarny. Cvjetkovich has also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Sinn. He currently competes on the independent circuit.

He is childhood friend with Edge and Christian. He is also a close friend and protégé of Jake "The Snake" Roberts. Cvjetkovich married former professional wrestling valet Stacy Carter on August 2, 2010. The later divorced on March 12, 2013.

Championships

Martial arts
Karate
Black belt
Professional wrestling
All Canadian Wrestling
ACW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Independent Wrestling Revolution
IWR Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Elvis Elliot)
NWA Bluegrass
NWA Bluegrass Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #223 of the best 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2007.
Universal Championship Wrestling
UCW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Vendetta Pro Wrestling
2013 Cauliflower Alley Cup Winner
World Xtreme Wrestling
WXW Gulf Coast Team Division Championship (one time) (with Ron Farco)

References

Other websites
Cagematch profile

1973 births
Canadian professional wrestlers
Canadian television actors
Comics artists
Living people
Entertainers from Toronto
Sportspeople from Toronto‎
Menomonee Falls is a village in southeastern Wisconsin. It is near Milwaukee. About 35,626 people lived there as of the 2010 census.

This village was incorporated in 1892.

1892 establishments in the United States
Villages in Wisconsin
19th-century establishments in Wisconsin
Menomonie is a city in northwest Wisconsin. It is near Eau Claire. At the 2010 census, 16,264 people lived there.

The city is in Dunn County.

Cities in Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
"Tom's Rhinoplasty" is the eleventh episode of the first season of South Park. It was first shown on Comedy Central in the United States on February 11, 1998. The episode was the series' first Valentine's Day episode. It was written by the show's co-creator Trey Parker.

Trey Parker and Matt Stone said that they were originally not happy with the final product and they thought that fans of the show would hate. They were surprised that fans responded positively to it.

Plot
When Valentine's Day approaches, Wendy suggests to her boyfriend Stan ways to try and spend time together. After their schoolteacher Mr. Garrison decides to get a rhinoplasty, he introduces their new substitute teacher, Ms. Ellen (voiced by Natasha Henstridge). The boys in class fall in love with her, including Stan, especially when she talks to him. This makes Wendy become incredibly jealous and she warns Ms. Ellen to stay away from Stan, oblivious to the fact that Ms. Ellen does not return Stan's affection.
Mr. Garrison later becomes a model with great success, but he finds himself being chased throughout the streets by a large group of women and doesn't want the attention. He returns to Tom's Rhinoplasty and regains his original look. Wendy speaks fluent Arabic to a group of Iraqi men and pays them with with a wad of American money. She then watches happily in the sky as the rocket gets blown up in the sun. Kyle realizes that Wendy hired the Iraqi men to murder Ms. Ellen and Wendy says "I told her: 'Don't... fuck... with... Wendy... Testaburger!'" as the episode ends.

References

Other websites
Episode's official page 

1998 in American television
Murder in fiction
South Park episodes
1998 television episodes
Tritonal is an explosive material. It is made of 80% TNT and 20% aluminium powder. It is used in many types of explosive weapons such as air-dropped bombs. Tritonal is almost 18% more powerful than TNT alone.

Explosives
Countess Athena of Monpezat, formerly Princess Athena of Denmark (born 24 January 2012) is a member of the Danish royal family. She is the youngest child and only daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie of Denmark. Athena is currently tenth in the line of succession to the Danish throne.

Titles 

24 January 2012-1 January 2023 Her Highness Princess Athena Marguerite Francoise Marie of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat 

1 January 2023 Her Excellency Countess Athena Marguerite Francoise Marie of Monpezat

Ancestry

References

Other websites
 Official website 

|-

|-

People from Copenhagen
2012 births
Living people
Danish royalty
Princes and princesses
Princess Marie of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat,  (born Marie Agathe Odile Cavallier; 6 February 1976) is a member of the Danish royal family. She is the second wife of Prince Joachim of Denmark, the younger son of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. She has two children: Count Henrik and Countess Athena of Monpezat.

Princess Marie was born in Paris, France.

Title

24 May 2008 Her Royal Highness Princess Marie Agathe Odile of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat

References

Other websites

 Official page of Princess Marie of Denmark

People from Paris
1976 births
Living people
Danish princes and princesses
Drake Wuertz (born September 10, 1984) is an American professional wrestler. He competes under the ring name Drake Younger. He is currently signed to the WWE. He is best known for his time in Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). He has also competed for IWA Mid-South, EVOLVE, Dragon Gate USA, Chikara, and Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). Younger was known for competing in deathmatches before he retired from them.

On March 4, 2014, Younger signed a contract with the WWE.
Championships
Absolute Intense Wrestling
AIW Absolute Championship (one time)
All Pro Wrestling
APW Worldwide Internet Championship (one time)
Coliseum Championship Wrestling
CCW Tag Team Championship (with JC Bailey)
CCW Tag Team Championship (with Diehard Dustin Lee)
Combat Zone Wrestling
CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship (two times)
Tournament of Death (VI)
CZW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
CZW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Eddie Kingston)
CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)
CZW Best of the Best (2014)
Full Throttle Wrestling
FTW Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Diehard Dustin Lee)
Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South
IWA Mid-South Deathmatch Championship (one time)
IWA Mid-South King of the Deathmatch (2011)
Ted Petty Invitational (2008)
Insanity Pro Wrestling
IPW Grand Championship (one time)
IPW Jr. Heavyweight Championship (one time)
IPW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Mad Pro Wrestling
MPW Heavyweight Championship (two times)
Pro Wrestling Bushido
Pro Wrestling Bushido TV Championship (one time, current)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #146 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.
Supreme Pro Wrestling
SPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
References

Other websites

1984 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Indianapolis
Maeve Binchy Snell (or just Maeve Binchy; 28 May 1939 – 30 July 2012) was an Irish novelist, playwright and short story writer. Her novels sold more than 40 million copies worldwide.

Binchy was born in Dublin, Ireland. She died there after a brief illness, aged 73.

References

Disease-related deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Writers from Dublin
1939 births
2012 deaths
Chelsi Smith (August 23, 1973 – September 8, 2018) was a former Miss USA and singer. In February 1995, she was crowned Miss USA. She competed as Miss Texas. Smith was born in Redwood City, California.

Smith was the first African-American to win Miss Texas USA.

Smith died at the age of 45 on September 8, 2018 of liver cancer in 
Redwood City.

References

Cancer deaths in California
Beauty pageant winners
Models from California
Singers from California
Deaths from liver cancer
1973 births
2018 deaths
Miss USA
An apomorphy in biology is a derived state, or innovation. For example, amongst mammals, babies can digest their mothers' milk. That is something all mammals share. It is an apomorphy unique to mammals, and so is the production of milk by mammalian mothers.

Apomorphies which are found in every species of a group of animals are the basis of taxonomy. If a group of animals all have a unique apomorphy, the most likely reason is that they descended from a common ancestor. When a group of animals share a large number of apomorphies this becomes a near-certainty. Mammals share a long list of characters which are unique to them.
Clades are identified (or defined) by synapomorphies (from syn-, "together"). These are a group of apomorphies which they all have, but other groups do not. For example, the five digits (fingers and toes) like ours is a synapomorphy within the vertebrates. The tetrapods are the first vertebrates with such digits. Snakes and other tetrapods which do not have digits are tetrapods because other characters, such as amniotic eggs and diapsid skulls, show they descended from ancestors that which had digits.

Related pages 
Synapomorphy

References 

Cladistics
Colin Trevor Pillinger,  (9 May 1943 – 7 May 2014) was a British planetary scientist at the Open University. He was the main investigator for the British failed Beagle 2 Mars lander project. He also worked on a group of Martian meteorites. He was born in Kingswood, South Gloucestershire.

Pillinger died from a brain haemorrhage on 7 May 2014 at the Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. He was 70.

References

Other websites

 
 

1943 births
2014 deaths
British astronomers
British chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Academics of the Open University
People with multiple sclerosis
The crappies ( or ) are a genus, Pomoxis, of North American freshwater fish. They are members of the sunfish family Centrarchidae. Both species in this genus are popular game fish. These are the Black crappie (P. nigromaculatus) and the White crappie (P. annularis). The White crappie is the state fish of Louisiana.

Etymology 

The genus name Pomoxis comes from the Greek πώμα (cover, plug, operculum) and οξύς (sharp). The common name (also spelled croppie or crappé), comes from the Canadian French crapet, which refers to many different fishes of the sunfish family. Other names for crappie are papermouths, strawberry bass, speckled bass or specks (especially in Michigan), speckled perch, calico bass (throughout New England), sac-a-lait (in southern Louisiana, lit. "milk bag", a rendition of Choctaw sakli) and Oswego bass.

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are:
 White crappie – P. annularis (Rafinesque, 1818) 
 Black crappie – P. nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829)

Biology
Biology 

Crappies are both predators and prey. Both species of crappie as adults feed predominantly on smaller fish species. This includes the young of their own predators (which include the northern pike, muskellunge, and walleye). They have varied diets, however, including zooplankton, insects, and crustaceans. By day, crappie tend to be less active and to concentrate around weed beds or submerged objects, such as logs and boulders. They feed especially at dawn and dusk, moving then into open water or approaching the shore.
There are differences between the White and Black crappies. White crappies have 5 or 6 dorsal spines while Black crappies have 7 or 8. White crappies are usually more numerous and tend to be larger. Black crappies appear darker because of the dark spots on its sides. White crappies have black vertical bands on their bodies and are often lighter in color. But the two can be difficult to tell apart unless you count the spines. Crappies are among the most numerous panfish in North American waters. Black crappies begin spawning when the water temperature reaches 60 to 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Females lay between 20,000 and 140,000 eggs. The White crappies begin spawning at water temperatures between 65 and 70 degrees F. The female White crappie lays between 1,000 and 200,000 eggs. Male crappies guard the nest until the eggs hatch, usually in about five days.

Game fish
Game fish 

The Pomoxis species are highly regarded game fishes and are often considered to be among the best-tasting freshwater fish. Because of the variety of their diets, crappies may be caught in many ways. This includes casting light jigs, trolling with minnows or artificial lures. Small spinnerbaits, or using bobbers are also very effective. Crappies are very popular with ice-fishermen, as they are active in winter. The current all-tackle fishing world record for a black crappie is  and for a white crappie is .
Angling 
 
Angling for crappies is popular throughout much of North America. Methods vary, but among the most popular is called "Spider Rigging," a method characterized by a fisherman in a boat with many long fishing rods pointing away from the angler at various angles like spokes from a wheel. Anglers who employ the Spider Rigging method may choose from among many popular baits, like corn. Many anglers also chum or dump live bait into the water to attract the fish hoping the fish will bite their bait. There are many types of lures that catch crappies. Jigs, especially with a live minnow are very effective. Spoons, Spinners and Crankbaits are all effective at different times.

Commercial fishing 

A commercial fishery for crappies existed at Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee until 2003. It was one of the few commercial fisheries for crappies.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 How to Catch a Crappie, WikiHow 
 Crappie, The World Fishing Network 

Centrarchidae
Freshwater fish
"Seven Seas of Rhye" is a 1973 song by Queen. The instrumental version appears on their debut studio album Queen and the final version appears on the second studio album Queen II. It went to the top 10 in the United Kingdom.

References 

1973 songs
Hard rock songs
Queen (band) songs
"Killer Queen" is a song by British rock group Queen. It was featured on their 1974 album Sheer Heart Attack, and also appears on, Greatest Hits. When released as a single, "Killer Queen" was Queen's breakthrough hit. It reached number two in the United Kingdom and number 12 in the United States.

Musicians:
 Freddie Mercury - lead and backing vocals, piano, jangle piano
 Brian May - electric guitar, backing vocals
 Roger Taylor - drums, triangle, chimes, backing vocals
 John Deacon - bass guitar

References 

Queen (band) songs
1974 songs
5 Seconds of Summer songs
Glam rock songs
Power pop songs
Art pop songs