Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Guðjón Arnar Kristjánsson (5 July 1944 – 16 March 2018) was an Icelandic politician. He was the chairman of the Liberal Party (Frjálslyndi flokkurinn) from 2003 to 2009. He was an active member of the Independence Party. In 1999 he joined Sverrir Hermannsson and formed the Liberal Party. He was a member of Althingi from 1999 to 2009.

Kristjánsson died of cancer on 16 March 2018 at the age of 73.

References

Other websites
Curriculum vitae at Althingi.is

1944 births
2018 deaths
Icelandic politicians
Ivor Seward Richard, Baron Richard (30 May 1932 – 18 March 2018) was a British Labour Party politician. He served as a Member of Parliament from 1964 until 1974. He was also a member of the Commission of the European Communities and latterly sat as a life peer in the House of Lords.

Richard died on 18 March 2018 at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
Debrett's People of Today
Richard Commission
Richard Commission final report

1932 births
2018 deaths
Welsh politicians
People from Carmarthenshire
United Kingdom Life Peers
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien (17 March 1938 – 19 March 2018) was a Scottish Catholic cardinal. He was the Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh from 1985 to 2013.

O'Brien was opposed to homosexuality and same-sex marriage, which he described as "moral degradation".

O'Brien's resignation followed publication of allegations he had engaged in inappropriate and predatory sexual conduct with junior priests and student priests, also that he abused power. He stepped down as a result.

On 20 March 2015, the Vatican announced that though he remained a member of the College of Cardinals O'Brien would not exercise his rights or duties as a cardinal, in particular voting in papal conclaves. 

O'Brien died from complications of a fall on 19 March 2018 at a hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne at the age of 80.

References

1938 births
2018 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church

Scottish Christian clergy
People from County Antrim
Kedarnath Singh (7 July 1934 – 19 March 2018) was an Indian poet. He was one of the most known modern poets writing in Hindi. He was also a critic and essayist. He was awarded the Jnanpith Award (2013), Sahitya Akademi Award (1989) in Hindi for his poetry collection, Akaal Mein Saras (Cranes in Drought).

References

Other websites
 Kedarnath Singh at Kavita Kosh  (Hindi)

1934 births
2018 deaths
Indian poets
Indian critics
Indian essayists
People from Uttar Pradesh
George William Whitehurst (born March 12, 1925) is an American professor and politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from the state of Virginia. He began his career as a professor at the College of William and Mary.

Whitehurst was elected to Congress in 1968 as a Republican from a district based in the Hampton Roads area. He was the first Republican to represent that part of Virginia since the Great Depression, and only the second Republican elected to a full term from that district in the 20th century. 

On October 6, 2016, Whitehurst, along with other Republican former members of Congress, was co-signator of a letter opposing Donald J. Trump's candidacy for the office of president.

References

Other websites
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Profile , Old Dominion University
Alumni Recognition Award Recipients for 2004 , West Virginia University
1925 births
Living people
Educators from Virginia
American television presenters
American military personnel of World War II
United States representatives from Virginia
People from Norfolk, Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Frederick Bernard Rooney, Jr. (November 6, 1925 – December 23, 2019) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1963 until 1979.

Rooney died at his home in Washington D.C. on December 23, 2019 at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
 

1925 births
2019 deaths
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Elwood Haynes "Bud" Hillis (March 6, 1926 – January 4, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1971 through 1987 as a Republican.
Hillis served in the United States Army in the European Theater with the rank of first lieutenant from 1944 to 1946. He retired from the Reserves in 1954 with rank of captain in the infantry.
Bud Hillis was a younger brother to renowned choral director Margaret Hillis. Their father, Glen R. Hillis, was the Republican nominee for Governor of Indiana in 1940, losing by less than 4,000 votes. His maternal grandfather and namesake, Elwood Haynes, was an inventor and automobile pioneer.

Hillis was a resident of Windsor, Colorado. He died on January 4, 2023, at the age of 96.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2023 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
United States representatives from Indiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Indiana
Carrie Pittman Meek (April 29, 1926 – November 28, 2021) was an American politician. She served as the Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Florida in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2003. She represented Florida's 17th congressional district.

She was elected to the Florida House as a Democrat in 1979, and served until 1982.

Meek died at his home in Miami, Florida on November 28, 2021 at the age of 95.

References

Other websites 

 

1926 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Florida
State legislators of the United States
People from Tallahassee, Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Richard Nichols (April 29, 1926 – March 7, 2019) was an American politician. He was a one-term U.S. Representative from Kansas serving from 1991 to 1993 as a Republican.

In 1986, Nichols was stabbed by a man aboard the Staten Island Ferry while a tourist with his wife in New York City. He fully recovered from his wounds and was visited by Mayor Ed Koch in the hospital.

Nichols was elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Second Congress (January 3, 1991–January 3, 1993), representing Kansas's 5th congressional district. He narrowly beat future FDIC Chairwoman Sheila Bair in the Republican primary.

Nichols died at his home in McPherson, Kansas on March 7, 2019 from respiratory failure at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

 

1926 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
United States representatives from Kansas
Businesspeople from Kansas
Republican Party (United States) politicians
American crime victims
Kansas Republicans
Kansas State University alumni
Earl Dewitt Hutto (May 12, 1926 – December 14, 2020) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Florida's 1st congressional district serving from 1979 to 1995 and was replaced by Joe Scarborough.

Hutto was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1972 and was reelected in 1974 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the 96th and to the seven succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1979 to January 3, 1995; he was not a candidate in 1994 for reelection to the 104th Congress.

Hutto died on December 14, 2020 in Pensacola, Florida at the age of 94.

References

Other websites

 

1926 births
2020 deaths
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from Alabama
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Joseph Paul "Joe" Kolter (September 3, 1926 – September 8, 2019) was an American politician and convicted fraudster. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania serving from 1969 to 1982.

He was elected as a Democrat to the 98th and to the four succeeding Congresses serving from January 3, 1983, to January 3, 1993. He was defeated in the 1992 Democratic primary by Ron Klink.

Kolter was implicated in the Congressional Post Office scandal, that also involved Illinois Congressman Dan Rostenkowski. He was indicted and sentenced to 6 months in prison.

Kolter died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on September 8, 2019 at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2019 deaths
American fraudsters
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Ohio
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Daniel David Rostenkowski (January 2, 1928 – August 11, 2010) was an American politician. He was a United States Representative from Chicago, serving from 1959 to 1995. He became one of the most powerful legislators in Washington, especially in matters of taxation, until he went to prison. A Democrat, Rostenkowski was for many years Democratic Committeeman of Chicago's 32nd Ward, retaining this position even while serving in Congress.

Rostenkowski's political career ended abruptly in 1994 when he pleaded guilty to charges of mail fraud and was fined and sentenced to 17 months in prison.

On August 11, 2010, Rostenkowski died from lung cancer at his summer home in Genoa City, Wisconsin at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

Public Affairs Report, Cal Berkeley
Indictment of a Congressman; A Giant Void in Congress

FBI Records: The Vault - Daniel David "Dan" Rostenkowski at fbi.gov
1928 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
United States representatives from Illinois
American fraudsters
Politicians from Chicago
Criminals from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Austin John Murphy (born June 17, 1927) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1977 to 1995.

Murphy started his political career as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, where he served from 1959 to 1971. He then served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1971 to 1977. 

In 1976, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, replacing longtime incumbent Thomas E. Morgan. He served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1984 and 1988.

References

Other websites
 Retrieved on 2008-02-15

 

1927 births
Living people
Lawyers from Pennsylvania
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
American military personnel of World War II
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Clarence J. "Bud" Brown Jr. (June 18, 1927 – January 26, 2022) was an American publisher and politician. He was a Republican United States Representative from the 7th District of Ohio, serving from 1965 to 1983. 

Appointed by President Ronald Reagan, he also served as the United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce and Acting Secretary of Commerce, in total from 1983 to 1988.

He was the father of actor Clancy Brown.

Brown died on January 26, 2022 in Urbana, Ohio at the age of 94.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2022 deaths
United States representatives from Ohio
American military personnel of World War II
American military personnel of the Korean War
Politicians from Columbus, Ohio
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Ohio
Earl Douglas "Doug" Applegate, Jr. (March 27, 1928 – August 7, 2021) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. Applegate was a Democrat. He ran for President of the United States in the Democratic Party primaries for the 1988 presidential election.

By 1994, Applegate had served almost two decades in the House, and opted to retire.  He was succeeded by Bob Ney.

Applegate died on August 7, 2021 in Spring Hill, Florida, aged 93.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Ohio
1988 United States presidential candidates
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Steubenville, Ohio
Biswanath is an administrative district of Assam, India.

Districts of Assam
Keilor is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and was inhabited by the aboriginal Wurundjeri people for over 40,000 years prior to the arrival of European settlers in 1803.

Keilor has a population of 16,468 people.

References  

Settlements in Australia
Melbourne
Suburbs of Melbourne
Mo Yun-tuan (; 11 May 1928 – 19 March 2018), known by the pen name Luo Fu (), was a Taiwanese writer and poet. He was born in Hengyang, Republic of China. 

In Taiwan, Mo published several collections of poetry. Mo and his contemporary Yu Kwang-chung were described as the Gemini of Chinese poetry, in reference to the constellation depicting the mythological twins Castor and Pollux. Mo left Taiwan for Canada in 1995.

In June 2016, Mo was diagnosed with lung cancer. He died of respiratory failure on 19 March 2018 in Taipei, aged 89.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Taiwanese writers
Taiwanese poets
Janice Lenore "Jan" Meyers (née Crilly; July 20, 1928 – June 21, 2019) was an American politician. She was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. She was a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Kansas serving from 1985 to 1997.

Career 
From 1972 until 1984, she was a member of the Kansas Senate. In 1978, she ran for the United States Senate, but was defeated in a multi-candidate Republican primary which was won by Nancy Kassebaum.

Personal life 
Meyers died on June 21, 2019 in Merriam, Kansas from problems caused by heart disease at the age of 90.

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
United States representatives from Kansas
Politicians from Nebraska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Lincoln, Nebraska
Kansas Republicans
Disease-related deaths in Kansas
Deaths from heart disease
Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker (born July 29, 1932) is an American politician. She represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1978 to 1997.  She is the daughter of Alf Landon, who was Governor of Kansas from 1933 to 1937 and the 1936 Republican nominee for president.

Kassebaum was married to former Senator and diplomat Howard Baker. She was the first woman ever elected to a full term in the Senate without her husband having previously served in Congress.

References

Other websites
 Congressional Biography
 

1932 births
Living people
United States senators from Kansas
Politicians from Topeka, Kansas
Republican Party (United States) politicians
20th-century American politicians
Kansas Republicans
Alfred Mossman Landon (September 9, 1887 – October 12, 1987) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the 26th Governor of Kansas from 1933 to 1937.

Landon was the Republican Party’s nominee in the 1936 presidential election, but was defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

President Reagan and Mrs. Reagan attended Landon's hundredth birthday party at his home in Topeka.   President Reagan described Landon as "the living soul of Kansas" and remarked, "You don't know what a joy it is to come to a birthday party of someone who in all honesty can call me a kid."

References

Other websites
Alf Landon's Obituary (New York Times)
Alfred M. Landon Lecture Series on Public Issues (Kansas State University) 
Alf Landon and Social Security Reform by Nicholaus Mills, Dissent, Spring 2005.
1887 births
1987 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Governors of Kansas
Businesspeople from Kansas
American centenarians
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Kansas Republicans
William Sheldrick Conover II (born August 27, 1928) is an American politician. He is a former Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from 1972 to 1973.

References

Other websites
 The Political Graveyard
 

1928 births
Living people
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Richmond, Virginia
Politicians from Pittsburgh
Republican Party (United States) politicians
William Jackson "Jack" Edwards (September 20, 1928 – September 27, 2019) was an American politician. He was the former U.S. Republican politician, who represented Alabama in the  U.S. House of Representatives from 1965 until 1985.

In Congress, Edwards was known as one of the chamber's brightest conservatives, and was a strong critic of forced busing.  He was also known for good constituent service. He helped originate the Gulf Coast Congressional Report, a public-service program giving a local view of Capitol politics.

Edwards died of pancreatic cancer in Fairhope, Alabama on September 27, 2019 at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Lawyers from Birmingham, Alabama
United States representatives from Alabama
Politicians from Birmingham, Alabama
Republican Party (United States) politicians
James "Jim" Leo Nelligan (born February 14, 1929) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from 1981 to 1983.

He was elected in 1980 as a Republican to the 97th United States Congress but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1982.  After his term in Congress he became the Deputy Secretary of Revenue of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, from 1983-85.

Other websites
 

1929 births
Living people
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
William Floyd "Bill" Clinger Jr. (April 4, 1929 – May 28, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from 1979 to 1997.

In addition, he served as vice chairman of the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and ranking member on the Subcommittee on Aviation.

Along with then-Senator William Cohen, Clinger co-authored the Information Technology Management Reform Act, also known as the Clinger-Cohen Act.

In October 2016, Clinger was one of thirty Republican ex-lawmakers to sign a public letter condemning GOP presidential nominee (and future president) Donald Trump as "manifestly unqualified to be president."

Clinger Jr. died on May 28, 2021 at his home in Naples, Florida at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 
 

1929 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Richard Taylor "Dick" Schulze (born August 7, 1929) is a Republican politician. He served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.

Other websites
Stennis Center for Public Service 
The Political Graveyard

1929 births
Living people
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Politicians from Philadelphia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Louis Arthur "Skip" Bafalis (September 28, 1929 – March 10, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 10th congressional district from 1973 to 1983.

References

1929 births
2023 deaths
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from Boston
Republican Party (United States) politicians
George William Gekas (April 14, 1930 – December 16, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He represented the state's 17th Congressional district from 1983 to 2003, when he was unseated in a major upset.

Undaunted by his unexpected defeat, Gekas was elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1976 and was reelected in 1980.

Pennsylvania lost two districts after the 2000 census. One of the districts that was eliminated was the Reading-based 6th District, represented by five-term moderate-to-conservative Democrat Tim Holden.

Gekas died on December 16, 2021 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

 
George Gekas on the issues
The Political Graveyard

1930 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Michael Bilirakis (born July 16, 1930) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives since 1983 until 2007, representing the 9th District of Florida.

In August 2009, Bilirakis was added to Governor Charlie Crist's short list to Replace U.S. Senator Mel Martinez.

References

1930 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Martha Elizabeth Keys (born August 10, 1930) is an American politician. She is a retired Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas from 1975 to 1979.

She was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Manhattan, Kansas in 1974 and served two terms before being defeated for reelection in 1978.  While serving in the House of Representatives, Keys and her husband divorced, and she was remarried to fellow Congressman Andrew Jacobs, Jr. They separated in 1981 and eventually divorced.

Keys's sister, Lee Keys, is married to former U.S. Senator and presidential candidate Gary Hart.

References

Other websites

 Women in Congress: Martha Keys 

1930 births
Living people
United States representatives from Kansas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Kansas Democrats
Andrew Poysell "Andy" Ireland (born August 23, 1930) is an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Florida serving from 1977 to 1993.

Other websites

The Washington Post Members of Congress / Andy Ireland

1930 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from Cincinnati
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Alec Gehard Olson (born September 11, 1930) is an American politician. He is a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives and a former state senator. He was the 40th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. 

Olson was born in Mamre Township in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota.

Olson served in the U.S. House of Representatives from January 3, 1963, to January 3, 1967, during the 88th and 89th congresses. He lost when he ran for re-election in 1966.

References

Other websites
Minnesota Historical Society: Alec Olson Profile 

1930 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Minnesota
United States representatives from Minnesota
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
John Bertrand Conlan (September 17, 1930 – June 18, 2021) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He served as a State Senator from 1965 to 1972 and as a United States Representative from Arizona from 1973 to 1977.

Conlon served in the Arizona Senate from 1967 to 1973.

Conlon died on June 18, 2021 in Asheville, North Carolina at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 

1930 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Arizona
Politicians from Oak Park, Illinois
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Edward George Biester Jr. (born January 5, 1931) is a retired Republican politician and judge. He served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, from 1967 to 1977.

References

Other websites

1931 births
Living people
American judges
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Philadelphia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Constance Morella (née Albanese; born February 12, 1931) is an American Republican politician. She represented  in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 2003.  She also served as Permanent Representative to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2003 to 2007. 

Morella currently serves on American University's faculty as an Ambassador in Residence for the Women & Politics Institute. She was appointed to the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) by President Barack Obama in 2010.

Other websites

 Constance A. Morella Papers at the University of Maryland Libraries 
 Faculty Profile
 
 
 FairVote.org: Maryland's Redistricting News March 16, 2001–October 18, 2001

1931 births
Living people
United States representatives from Maryland
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Massachusetts
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Arlen Ingolf Erdahl  (born February 27, 1931) is an American politician. He served as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1963 to 1970, Minnesota Secretary of State from 1971–1975 and was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota, serving the first district from 1979–1983, in the 96th and 97th congresses.

References

1931 births
Living people
United States representatives from Minnesota
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Bill D. Burlison, (March 15, 1931 – March 17, 2019), was an American politician who has held office in Missouri and Maryland. He is a Democrat.  He represented Missouri as a member of the U. S. Congress starting with the Ninety-first United States Congress in 1969 until he was defeated in a bid for a seventh-term by Bill Emerson in 1980.

Four months after entering the race for Congress in the 3rd District in the 2006 election, Burlison withdrew his candidacy on November 3, 2005. 

On February 23, 2016, he filed to run for the Missouri Senate against incumbent Republican Doug Libla, and was unopposed in the Democratic primary. On November 8, 2016, Libla won re-election with 69.35% of the vote.

Burlison died at his home in Wardell, Missouri on March 17, 2019 at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
Bill D. Burlison County Council Bio
Burlison Biography from Congressional Bioguide
County Councilman Burlison runs again for Congress, Annapolis Capital, 7/6/2005
1931 births
2019 deaths
United States representatives from Missouri
Politicians from Maryland
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
John Edward "Jack" Cunningham III (born March 27, 1931) is an American politician. He is a former Republican U.S. Representative from Washington's seventh district.

Cunningham served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1973 to 1975, and in the Washington Senate from 1975 to 1977.

Cunningham was elected as a Republican to the seventh district vacancy in a special election when U.S. Representative Brock Adams resigned to become Secretary of Transportation. However his victory in this extremely liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams resignation. Cunningham lost reelection in 1978, and served from May 17, 1977 – January 3, 1979.

References

Other websites
 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

1931 births
Living people
United States representatives from Washington
Politicians from Chicago
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lee Herbert Hamilton (born April 20, 1931) is an American politician.

Hamilton is a former member of the United States House of Representatives and currently a member of the U.S. Homeland Security Advisory Council. 

A member of the Democratic Party, Hamilton represented the 9th congressional district of Indiana from 1965 to 1999. 

Following his departure from Congress he has served on a number of governmental advisory boards, most notably as the vice chairman of the 9/11 Commission.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars wilsoncenter.org
 Lee Hamilton Biography and Resources wilsoncenter.org
 Iraq Study Group  usip.org
 Voting record maintained by the Washington Post washingtonpost.com
 Stonewalled by the C.I.A. Op-Ed piece co-authored with Thomas Kean in the edition of January 2, 2008 of the New York Times (accessed January 2, 2008)
 Hamilton, Lee H. How Congress Works and Why You Should Care. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
 Hamilton, Lee H. Strengthening Congress. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.
 
 C-SPAN Q&A interview with Hamilton, January 8, 2006
 A Legacy of Honor:The Congressional Papers of Lee H. Hamilton. Lilly Library, Bloomington, IN

1931 births
Living people
United States representatives from Indiana
Politicians from Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Daytona Beach, Florida
Walter Eugene Powell (April 25, 1931 – January 17, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as a U.S. representative from Ohio from 1971 to 1975. 

Powell began his career as the city clerk of Fairfield, Ohio in 1956. He became a member of Fairfield City Council in 1958. In 1960, Powell successfully ran for the Ohio House of Representatives.  He was reelected in 1962, and 1964.

Other websites
 

1931 births
2020 deaths
United States representatives from Ohio
Republican Party (United States) politicians
William Lacy Clay Sr. (born April 30, 1931) is an American politician from Missouri.  As Congressman from Missouri's First District, he represented portions of St. Louis in the U.S. House of Representatives for 32 years.

Clay was elected to the House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1968.  He became an advocate for environmentalism, labor issues, and social justice.

Poplar Street Bridge, which connects St. Louis, Missouri, and East St. Louis, Illinois, was renamed on October 7, 2013, Congressman William L. Clay Sr. Bridge.

References

Other websites
 Biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website
 The History Makers 
 The William L. Clay Scholarship and Research Fund
 

1931 births
Living people
United States representatives from Missouri
American environmentalists
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
The Austin serial bombings were a series of five parcel bomb explosions which occurred from March 2 - 20, 2018 in Austin, Texas, United States. They killed two civilians and the bomber, as well as injuring another six people.

The suspected bomber was Mark Anthony Conditt, age 23, who lived in Pflugerville, Texas, outside Austin.

Background
The Austin Police Department (APD) believe the explosions were connected and considered the possibility that they are racially motivated. They have also warned civilians to not open suspicious packages, and to call the police.

Austin police officially connected the March 2 bombing following the bombings on March 12. None of the packages were mailed, instead they were placed near the individuals' homes. Two of the bombs were triggered upon being picked up, another was triggered upon being opened, and the fourth bombing was suspected to be activated by tripwire.
On March 2, 2018, 39-year-old Anthony Stephan House was killed by picking up an apparent package bomb at his home. Then, on March 13, 2018, the bombings killed 17-year-old cellist Draylen Mason. 

Authorities first offered a reward of $65,000 for information leading to an arrest and conviction of the bomber or bombers. They later raised the reward to $115,000.

Reaction
On March 20, 2018, President Donald Trump said at the White House: "This is obviously a very, very sick individual, or maybe individuals...These are sick people, and we have to find them as soon as possible".

Death of the bomber
Early on March 21, Mark Anthony Conditt was identified by investigators via security footage taken at a FedEx store, and police moved in to make an arrest. As SWAT officers approached, he detonated a bomb in the vehicle, killing himself and injuring one of them, prompting other officers to fire upon the vehicle.

List of bombings

Notes

References

2018 murders in the United States
2010s crimes in Texas
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2018
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
Explosions in the United States
Serial bombings
Explosions in 2018
March 2018 events
Murder in Texas
2018 in Texas
Alexej von Jawlensky (13 March, 1864 – 15 March 1941) was a Russian painter. He first studied art in Russia but he spent most of his career in Germany. He painted in the Expressionist style and was particularly known for his portraits. He also painted landscapes and still lifes.

Life and career
Jawlensky was born in Torzhok, a town in the western part of Russia. His father, Georgi von Jawlensky, was a colonel in the Imperial Russian Army. Like his four brothers, Jawlenskywas became an officer in the army. He studied at the military academy in Moscow, but was very interested in art. He studied art privately while he was serving as a soldier. In 1890 he was accepted at the St. Petersburg Academy of Art. He received permission from the army to study art there while still serving as a soldier. He became friends with artists who worked in the studio of Ilya Repin.
In 1896, Jawlensky resigned from the army. He went to Munich in Germany to study art and begin his career as a painter. In Munich he lived with Marianne von Werefkin. She was a painter who studied with Repin. He studied with Anton Ažbe in Munich. He also became friends with Wassily Kandinsky. Kandinsky became an important influence on  Jawlensky's art. In 1902 Jawlensky's son Andreas was born. His mother was Hélène Nesnakomoff (1881-1965). She was Marianne von Werefkin's maid in Russia and then lived with her and Jawlensky in Munich. In 1905–1906 Jawlensky travelled to Paris for an exhibition of his paintings. In Paris he met Henri Matisse. Matisse became another important influence on Jawlensky's painting style. World War I began in 1914. Jawlensky was expelled from Germany because Russia was one of the countries fighting against Germany. He went to live in Switzerland.
In 1922 Jawlensky married Hélène Nesnakomoff. They returned to Germany and settled in Wiesbaden. For the next 11 years, he concentrated on abstract paintings of heads. He also organized the artistic group Die Blaue Vier (The Blue Four). The other three members of the group were Kandinsky, Lyonel Feininger, and Paul Klee. The four artists lectured and exhibited together in Germany and the USA. From 1929 Jawlensky suffered very badly from arthritis. He had to give up painting in 1937 because he could no longer hold his brushes. He died in Weisbaden in 1941 at the age of 77.
Jawlensky's son  Andreas (1902-1984) also became a painter. As a teenager he exhibited with his father. By the end of the 1920s, he became known in his own right. Andreas served in the German army during World War II. He was captured by the Russians and spent 10 years in prisoner of war camp in Siberia. His later paintings, done in Germany and Switzerland, were mostly landscapes. In 1987 there was an exhibition of both Alezej and Andreas's paintings in New York City.

Gallery
The first picture is a portrait of Jawlensky's future wife, Hélène Nesnakomoff from 1900. It was painted in the more realistic style taught in the art schools of Russia. The later paintings show the influence of expressionism and fauvism on Jawlensky's work after he moved to Germany.

References

Other websites
 
Video lecture on Jawlensky's Young Girl with a Flowered Hat

1864 births
1941 deaths
Russian painters
The local authority of Conwy is located in North Wales and borders Gwynedd and Denbighshire. The County includes some of North Wales’s largest settlements such as Llandudno, Colwyn Bay and Conwy town. It has holds 4% of Wales’s total population at 111,273 for mid-2006 according to the national assembly for Wales (2006). Industry in this county has changed considerably over the last 2 centuries as during the industrial revolution slate quarrying was a big industry as stated by Day (2002, PP36) “The most distinctive economic feature of north-west Wales was its unique slate quarrying industry”. However, in recent times there has been a big emphasis on tourism, especially in seaside resorts such as Llandudno. But one big questioned raised by many in recent years is how is sustainability being implemented in Conwy? This article will focus on sustainable approaches in which Conwy as a local authority are implementing over the next couple of years
. This report assesses the sustainability of Conwy in regards to environmental, social, cultural and economic considerations in this region but also looking at Conwy’s LDP and corporate plan for 2017-2022.
Environmental Sustainability 
Conwy being located on the North Wales Coast and stretching into the Snowdonia National Park has very impressive and outstanding scenery. Although as mentioned earlier slate quarrying in some of these areas has left scaring on the landscape with “entire mountains chiseled away” Day (2002, PP36) in some areas. It is therefore crucial that Conwy is enlisting schemes to help preserve its environment for future generations. In 2016 the Welsh assembly government published the Environment for Wales act (2016). This act applies to all the public bodies in wales and aims to help Welsh local authorities by up to 80% by 2050 - Conwy Council (2017) and this features in both the corporate plan and the LDP for Conwy.   
 Outcome six of Conwy Borough Councils corporate plan is to ensure People in Conwy live in a sustainable environment.
They plan to do this by a number of objectives including implementing sustainable coastal and flooding defenses so properties and the coastline at risk are protected by a scheme, which is fit for purpose. Also the CBCC (2017) is aiming to improve recycling facilities and working with the Welsh government to increase recycling and reduce their Carbon footprint by investing in more renewable energies. In regards to renewable energy in this county they are trying to promote the development of a tidal lagoon in Colwyn Bay. This project would not only produce renewable low carbon energy for North Wales but can act as a coastal defense on the Conwy coastline and has potential to be used as a recreational facility. The County are also looking into other renewable energy schemes for the future decades. Leading on from this the CBCC (2017) state in there LDP that they are focusing on improving the landscape of areas that have been scared because of quarrying as mentioned earlier
. This is in conjunction with the environment for Wales act (2016) and mentions that they are introducing agricultural grading to their land to ensure it returns its essential nutrients and increasing peat productions. Another scheme which is CBCC are looking to implement is a green wedge scheme. This involves promoting and encouraging the amount of green space available in the county and this is incorporated in both their LDP and corporate plan.
Cultural sustainability  
Cultural sustainability is the adapting beneficial parts of a specific nation’s history and culture to help the development for the future and present generations. Aspects such as language and historical buildings reflect tradition values of past cultures and can therefore be used as a means to measure sustainability. In the 2011 census published by the Conwy County Borough Council, that in Conwy: 
 27.4% of the population over the age of three were fluent Welsh speakers, which is slightly higher than the national average in Wales of 19%.
 49.2% of the welsh speaking population were between the ages of 5 and 15 (which is due to a push of the Welsh language in compulsory education in schools in attempt to ‘sustain’ the language).
Studies in China show that among those living in China there was strong evidence of residents having a specific connection to building that represent their history and past culture. Even though this is a study that was conducted in China, examples of this can also be seen everywhere in the world including Conwy.  This sense of longing for historical styled building is evident in Wales in terms of listed buildings.
In Wales (and England) buildings with significant historical interest are often classified into either Grade I or Grade II buildings. Grade I listed buildings are buildings with significant historic relevance whereas Grade II listed buildings are buildings which are important in reflection to past history and culture but with less significance than Grade I buildings. Accorded to the British Listed Building website Conwy has a total of 254 listed buildings (both Grade I and Grade II), which is the second highest in the whole of Wales, second to Llandudno which has 394 and then followed by Abergele which has 81. The listed buildings in Conwy range from Grade I listed buildings such as: 
 Bodysgallen Hall, Caernarfonshire (listed on September 23rd 1950)
 Conwy Castle, Caernarfonshire (listed on September 23rd 1950)
Grade II buildings such as:
 The Conwy war memorial in Caernarfonshire, which was listed on December30th 2005  
 Llanrhos Church Hall, Caernarfonshire, which was listed on March 16th 1976.
Buildings can also be used to view the national identity of the area through the eyes of those living there and those visiting as in recent years culture has played an important part of tourism and is increasingly in demand from tourists which is reflected in the Conwy Culture Centre. The development of this cultural centre was funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund in 2015 and a planning application was approved in 2017 which allows building and development to start. The Centre was planned to provide a safe space for youths to meet as well as a place to hold and display historic collections as well as offer training programmes and volunteer opportunities to locals who live in the area to improve their quality of live and the job aspects etc they are able to get
. These aspects are all insightful of the ‘Conwy County Borough Council annual report 2016/17’ which explains how they had created a new strategy to increase the number of Welsh speakers (as well as the quality of the language that people who can speak the language were confident that they were able to speak). It also said that they had gained enough funding to be able to begin to develop the centre. As well as this it stated that heritage tourism within Conwy was increasing as a result of the changes that they made and that the volunteering support that was bring provided by the Conwy Culture Centre was worthwhile as two of the volunteers who took part were awarded with well-known awards (BBC Sports Wales young volunteer of the year).
One of the four main indicators which are usually used to measure successful sustainability is the social aspects available in an area. Often studies into social sustainability include “housing, household structure, paid domestic work, material cultures of home and homelessness”. In attempt to reduce the rate of homelessness in Conwy, Conwy County Borough Council have made a five year strategy in 2013 (Local Housing Strategy). The aims of this strategy included making housing more affordable in attempt to allow the working population, those most likely to be renting homes, to remain in the area as housing is hard to afford. 2,200 homes in Conwy in 2015 were overcrowded as families could not afford large enough houses.  Conwy County Borough Council (2015) also reveal that homelessness began to decrease in 2005, however overall, the rate of homeless in Conwy is lower than the national average for Wales
. The Conwy Housing Solutions has an online help guide for those who are affected by homelessness and those that are expected to become homeless within 8 weeks and explains how Part 2 of the 2014 Housing (Wales) Act and Conwy County Borough Council (CCBC) can offer help. As well as homelessness in general studies have shown that there is often more homeless females than males and that this pattern is not being investigated enough and also that often, as women have different needs to men, women who are homeless suffer more from the effects of homelessness than men do.
Economic sustainability in Conwy is being planned by Conwy County Borough Council through the Conwy economic growth strategy 2017-2027. The creation of renewable energy has a great potential to increase the sustainable development of specific areas by creating a large selection of socioeconomic benefits such as improving regional and rural development opportunities, employment opportunities and the establishment of a domestic industry (del Río and Burguillo, 2009). There are five ambitions in Conwy’s economic growth strategy 2017-2027, one of them being to facilitate the tidal lagoon as mentioned earlier and other renewable energy projects across the county Conwy Council 2018. The tidal lagoon will create employment opportunities for the people of Conwy improving the sustainability of the local economy. Sourcing from small businesses can also improve the economic sustainability of local economies
. Buying from small businesses can add to the development of the local economy in a variety of ways such as providing innovative green products and services (Walker and Preuss, 2008).
Conwy council want the local economy to be confident, resilient and sustainable. Conwy council will encourage new ideas and will work proactively with businesses to promote conditions in which they can grow. This is evidence that Conwy Council are aiming to effectively improve their local economy through the enhancement of local businesses that will in turn increase the economic sustainability of Conwy. Sustainable tourism is important for sustainable economic development. Appropriate policies are being applied within the Principality of Wales through the Wales Tourist Board to ensure successful sustainable tourism development (Owen, Witt and Gammon, 1993). An ambition of the Conwy Economic Growth Strategy 2017-2027 is to create winter tourism offer across the county making Conwy a year-round visitor destination Conwy Council (2018). This is an appropriate policy for Conwy as the area faces problems associated with seasonal tourism
. The improvement of winter tourism in Conwy aims to counteract these problems and make the county a year-round tourist destination. Tourism is an important part of Conwy’s local economy and the creation of sustainable year-round tourism will further support the local economy, specifically in winter months. This will then improve the sustainable economic development of the County of Conwy. Higher education provides benefits to individuals and the society and must be considered when evaluating the economic sustainability of an area. Students who attend higher education obtain a wide range of personal and financial benefits (Baum et al, 2010). This would then support individuals in contributing to their local economy and its sustainable development. The Conwy County Borough council have recognised this and aim to establish a dedicated higher education presence in the county as outlined in the Conwy Economic Growth Strategy 2017-2027
. This ambition will lay out a future for higher education institutions in the area and Wales as a whole. The increase in students attending higher education institutions shall then see a rise in financial benefits in Conwy County which will in turn promote the development of a sustainable economy in the area.
Summary 
In Summary Conwy has introduced a variety of schemes to help preserve the county for future generations. It is good to see that sustainability features so much in both the council’s Local development plan and corporate plan 2017-2022. It would be interesting to revisit this in the next five year and to see what goals featured in the corporate plan have been met and in particular developments on the proposed Tidal Lagoon in Colwyn Bay. For an area with such a diverse history and culture, it is good to see that both the council and communities want to preserve it for future generations.

References 



Wales
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