Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The songs were mostly about Chester Bennington's problems as a child, such as child abuse, social isolation, the divorce of his parents, and drug abuse. Bennington and Mike Shinoda have said that the songs turned into songs about "everyday emotions that you talk about and think about."

In 2002, all of the songs were remixed for Linkin Park's fourth album, Reanimation.

List of songs
"Papercut" (June 18, 2001)
"One Step Closer" (August 25, 2000)
"With You"
"Points of Authority"
"Crawling" (October 17, 2000)
"Runaway"
"By Myself"
"In the End" (November 16, 2001)
"A Place for My Head
"Forgotten"
"Cure for the Itch"
"Pushing me Away"

Four of the songs from Hybrid Theory were released as singles: "One Step Closer," Crawling, "Papercut," and "In the End." They were all very popular and appeared on charts. "Runaway" was not a single, but it also appeared on charts.
Critics' opinions of Hybrid Theory
Critics had mixed opinions of Hybrid Theory. The magazines Rolling Stone, PopMatters, The Village Voice and Sputnikmusic liked the album. Robert Christgau from The Village Voice enjoyed listening to "Papercut" and "Points of Authority."

However, Allmusic and NME did not like the album. They thought it was a generic rock and heavy metal album, and not very creative.

References

2000 albums
Debut albums
Heavy metal albums
Linkin Park albums
Nu metal albums
Hybrid Theory EP is an EP by the American nu metal/alternative rock band Linkin Park that was recorded and released in 1999. At this time, Linkin Park were called Hybrid Theory, making this EP a self-titled EP named after the band.

It was Linkin Park's first record. Before it, in 1997, the band only made a demo tape called Xero. The band changed its name later in 1999, after Chester Bennington replaced Mark Wakefield as the lead singer.

About the EP 

Only one thousand were made, and the EP was sent to different record labels, including Warner Bros. Records. The rest of the copies of the EP were sent to the first members of Linkin Park's fan club.

On November 19, 2001, Linkin Park Underground, Linkin Park's fan club, was made. The first fan club package that was sent to members had a new edition of Hybrid Theory EP, with a note from the band. The first 500 copies of the CD were signed by all 6 members of the band.
The only ways to get the EP are to buy it from eBay, or win a contest in the Linkin Park Underground when the EP is awarded as a contest prize. But the prizes awarded by the LPU are the original EP.

Track listing

Band line-up 
Chester Bennington – vocalist, occasionally guitar
Mike Shinoda – Vocals, MC, keyboardist, rhythm guitarist, samples
Brad Delson – guitar
Kyle Christener - Bass
Rob Bourdon – drummer
Joe "Mr. Hahn" Hahn – turntablist, samples

Personnel 
Produced by Mike Shinoda.
The rest of the tracks – Written by Mike Shinoda, Joe Hahn, Brad Delson, Chester Bennington and Rob Bourdon. Produced and mixed by Mike Shinoda
"Part of Me" – Written by Mike Shinoda, Joe Hahn, Brad Delson, Chester Bennington and Rob Bourdon. Produced and mixed by Mudrock and Mike Shinoda

1998 albums
2001 albums
Linkin Park albums
ISO 3166-2:GB is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) coding system that gives geocodes to administrative divisions of the United Kingdom:
England
 34 counties with county councils (all shire counties except Berkshire)
 32 London boroughs
 36 City Sections 
 47 Large Areas (including the Isles of Scilly)
 1 city corporation (the City of London)
Northern Ireland
 26 Subdivisions of Northern Ireland
Scotland
 32 Council Areas of Scotland
Wales
 22 Unitary Authorities of Wales
The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK, but ISO offers codes for them under "GB-".

The first part of each code is the ISO 3166-1 code GB for the United Kingdom. The second part is a three-letter code which is the same as in the British Standard BS 6879.

Codes

Alternate Welsh codes
The ISO has also issued codes for some areas with Welsh names and codes.

Other codes
These codes are used by the BS. They were added to ISO 3166-2 in Newsletter 9, except for the Isle of Man and Channel Islands:
GB-UKM United Kingdom
GB-GBN Great Britain
GB-EAW England and Wales
GB-ENG England
GB-WLS Wales (ISO also includes the Welsh version, GB-CYM for Cymru)
GB-SCT Scotland
GB-NIR Northern Ireland
GB-IOM Isle of Man
GB-CHA Channel Islands

BS also has Welsh language code for Welsh names of Wales and its subdivisions, where they differ from the English language names. These are not listed here.

Related pages
ISO 3166-2, the reference table for all country region codes.
ISO 3166-1, the reference table for all country codes, as used for domain names on the internet.

References
"Gazetteer for the Reorganised Statistical Regions and Local Authorities in the United Kingdom", Office for National Statistics, June 1997.

Geography of the United Kingdom
2:GB
San José de Ocoa is a Dominican province; it is on the southern side of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range"). Its capital has the same name, San José de Ocoa.

It was created on 6 September 2000 but it started on 1 January 2001. It was a municipality of the Peravia province before being raised to the category of province.

Name
The province is named after its capital city, San José de Ocoa. Ocoa is the name of the river that crosses the province; it is a Taíno word that means "a place with many mountains".

History
Bartolomé de Las Casas was the first person that wrote about the region when he said that Maniey (now, Maniel) was a Taíno province. Maniey or Maniel meant "a place where there are peanuts"; mani () is the Taíno word for peanut. Peter Martyr d'Anghiera did not write about the Maniey but he wrote about a lake in the region of Rancho Arriba; there is not a lake (or lakes) there anymore, only a swamp.
For a long time, the region was visited only by monteros (men that hunted wild cows and pigs). Then some maroons (runaway slaves) came to live here, in the high mountains of the region. One settlement was called Maniel; since then, Maniel meant in Hispaniola a place where maroons live and not only the name of the region. 

The first settlement by maroons in the region is from the beginning of the 16th century and was called Maniel Viejo de Ocoa. This settlement lasted until 1666 or 1667 because many people died from smallpox and measles that affected the island in those years. There was also a military action in the region to capture maroons.

The second settlement was during the first years of the 19th century (around 1802), and it is known as Maniel de los Lorenzos ("Lorenzos' Maniel") because of the last name ("Lorenzo") of its founders. It was founded at El Canal, north of the city of San José de Ocoa.
Very soon some families from Baní, on the south, began to move to the region and made their houses at what is now the city of San José de Ocoa.

During the Dominican War of Independence (1844), there were two important battles in the region: the battles of El Memiso and of El Pinar, won by Dominican soldiers. So the Haitian soldiers could not go on to Santo Domingo, and had to go back to Haiti.

In December 1858, San José de Ocoa was made a municipality of the old province of Santo Domingo; in 1895, it was changed to a municipality of the Azua province. With the creation of the Peravia, San José de Ocoa was a municipality of that new province. Then, on 6 September 2000, San José de Ocoa was made a new province with the northern half of the Peravia province and with the municipalities of San José de Ocoa, Rancho Arriba and Sabana Larga, and the municipal district of La Ciénaga.

In 2004, Nizao-Las Auyamas and El Pinar became municipal districts, and El Naranjal in 2006.
Location
San José de Ocoa is bordered to the north by the Monseñor Nouel and La Vega provinces, to the east by San Cristóbal, to the south by the Peravia, and to the west by Azua.

Population
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the San José de Ocoa province, and 37,466 () living in towns and cities. The population density was  persons/km².

Its population represents  of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 29th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.

, the total estimated propulation of the province is 56,565 inhabitants.

The largest city of the province is San José de Ocoa, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in ) of 22,383 inhabitants.

Geography
The San José de Ocoa province has a total area of . It has  of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 26th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.
The altitude of the provincial capital, San José de Ocoa, is  above sea level.

The most important river is the Ocoa river, that flows through the province from north to south.

Municipalities
There are 3 municipalities and 4 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province.

Economy
The main economic activity of the province is farming; the main products are coffee, beans and potatoes. Other vegetables, such as cabbage and carrots, are also grown as well as some tropical fruits (avocado and mango).

References

Provinces of the Dominican Republic
2000 establishments in North America
19th-century establishments in the Dominican Republic
A compilation album is an album of songs, made by different recording artists, or by one group or artist at different times. Some compilations are greatest hits albums, which feature the biggest hit records of a given year, or a certain genre of music, or artists from the same era or location. 

Others are called "best-ofs" or anthology albums that are picked as favorites by the person who puts together the new album. Some compilations include only the biggest record chart hits, while others may include B-sides, hard-to-find songs, or songs that were not released earlier.

Marketing
The Land Before Time is a 1988 movie produced by Steven Spielberg and directed by Don Bluth. It was released on November 18, 1988, along with Oliver & Company. The movie's success led to thirteen direct-to-video sequels and a TV show. The Little Mermaid was later released on November 17, 1989. It is the second of three animated features to have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Black Cauldron and Rock-a-Doodle were also nominated for Best Picture in their respective years. The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, beating two Disney films, The Rescuers Down Under and The Great Mouse Detective, as well as Best Sound Editing at the 77th Academy Awards.

Story 
An orphaned long-neck dinosaur named Littlefoot goes off in search of the legendary Great Valley, a place with many plants where dinosaurs live in peace. Along the way, he meets four other young dinosaurs, each one a different species. They encounter several problems as they learn to work together and survive.
Characters 
There are five main characters known as the "Gang of Five:"

Littlefoot: The leader of the gang, Littlefoot is a "long-neck," the in-universe name for Brontosaurus. He is brave, and good at making decisions. He lives with his grandparents in the Great Valley.

Cera: A "three-horn," also known as a Triceratops. She is stubborn and does not trust easily. She is the most aggressive of the group. She lives with her father for most of the movies, but gains a new mother in the 11th movie and a younger sister in the 12th movie.
Ducky: Ducky has been called a "Swimmer," "Big Mouth," and "Duckfoot" on screen, so it is not known for sure what kind of dinosaur Ducky is. She looks most like a Saurolophus, but she is called a Parasaurolophus on the Land Before Time Website . She is the nicest of the group, and trusts others easily. She lives with her mother (though her father does not appear) and says in the sixth film that she is one of thirteen twins, although the original series tht she is one of four. She also has her adopted brother Spike.

Petrie: A "flyer," or a Pteranodon. He gets scared very easily and is too trusting, but he is loyal and can be brave at important times. He lives with his mother and brothers.
Spike: The youngest of the group. He is a "Spiketail," which is a Stegosaurus. Spike does not talk, though it was shown in the 4th movie that he can when he wants to. He enjoys eating and lets Ducky sit on his back if she needs to. Ducky is his older sister, since she adopted him during the first movie. He lives with Ducky's family.

Also of note is a "Sharptooth" named Chomper, who was born in the 2nd movie and was so popular with fans that he returned in the 5th movie and the TV series. He is friends with all the main characters, despite his natural instincts telling him to eat them.
Sequels 
 The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure, directed by Roy Allen Smith
 The Land Before Time III: The Time of the Great Giving, directed by Roy Allen Smith
 The Land Before Time IV: Journey Through the Mists, directed by Roy Allen Smith
 The Land Before Time V: The Mysterious Island, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time VI: The Secret of Saurus Rock, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time VII: The Stone of Cold Fire, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time VIII: The Big Freeze, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time IX: Journey to Big Water, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time X: The Great Longneck Migration, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time XI: Invasion of the Tinysauruses, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers, directed by Charles Grosvenor
 The Land Before Time XIII:  The Wisdom of Friends, directed by Jamie Mitchell
In addition to the movies, there is The Land Before Time: Sing-Along Songs (1997) and 
The Land Before Time: More Sing-Along Songs (1999)

TV Series 
After the success of the original movie and its sequels, a television series based on the movies began airing on YTV in Canada as a test on January 5, 2007. It aired in Canada, Britain, and the United States of America, and had 26 episodes. It then aired on Cartoon Network in the United States on March 5, 2007 where it was animated after the DVD release of The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers. In the UK, it was once shown just on Boomerang, showing every day at 4pm, but it is now programmed on its sister preschool channel Cartoonito. It brought back Chomper as a main character, and introduced a new friend, an Oviraptor named Ruby, who helps the other dinosaurs learn lessons and solve problems. This was the second Bluth film not to include any songs, the first one being All Dogs Go to Heaven.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

The Official Land Before Time Site

 
 Detailed Info on The Land Before Time (including plot detail)
 The Land Before Time at RetroJunk.com
 The Gang of Five 
 Download The Land Before Time TV Episodes From The TV Series!

1988 movies
1980s animated movies
1980s family movies
1980s musical movies
American animated movies
English-language movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Movies about dinosaurs
Movies set in prehistory
Movies about water scarcity
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Don Bluth
Movies composed by James Horner
BSC Young Boys (official Berner Sport Club Young Boys) is a Swiss football football club of the Swiss capital, Berne. The BSC Young Boys played since 2005 in the Stade de Suisse, where in former times the “legendary” Wankdorf stadium stood.

History 

The FC Young Boys club was founded on 14 March 1898, taking its name in contrast to the existing club Old Boys Basel. The club played its first game, against FC Viktoria on the following 17 June. It won the Swiss Championship three years in succession, in 1909, 1910, and 1911.

Honours 

 Swiss Super League:
 Winners (11): 1903, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1920, 1929, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1986

 Swisscom Cup:
 Winners (8): 1930, 1945, 1953, 1958, 1977, 1987, 2020, 2023

 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:
 Quarterfinals (1): 1986

 Coppa delle Alpi
 Winners (1): 1974

Trainer

Vereinspräsidenten 

Organizations based in Bern
Swiss football clubs
1898 establishments in Europe
1890s establishments in Switzerland
Adobe is an American software company.  Most of their products are for creating, such as Adobe Flash, Adobe Dreamweaver and Adobe Photoshop. Adobe products on their website can be downloaded, and used for a limited trial period, and paid for unlimited use.

Adobe Premiere Pro,  After Effects, Audition, Character Animator, and Prelude use Adobe Media Encoder to export files made using the software to a users computer. Adobe Media Encoder can also be used to export files in software not made by Adobe.

As of 2022, Adobe has more than 26,000 employees worldwide.

Products 

 Adobe Acrobat – Acrobat can show .PDF files and can convert them to other formats.
 Adobe Audition – Sound recording and editing software.
 Adobe After Effects – A high quality video editing software.
 Adobe Creative Suite – Contains many different Adobe software.
 Adobe Character Animator – Motion capture software.
 Adobe Dreamweaver – Used to create websites.
Adobe Animate – Allows the user to create animations.
 Adobe Lightroom organizes, edits, and shares photos.
 Adobe Photoshop – Graphics and photo editing program and their most famous product. Users can create drawings and edit images.
 Adobe Prelude – Discontinued software that let users change metadata of images.
 Adobe Premiere Pro – Video editor.
 Adobe Reader – Can display .PDF files, used for documents. Adobe Reader can be downloaded and for free without limit.

References

Other websites 

 

 

Adobe Inc.
1982 establishments in California
There have been two different presidents of the United States that are both named George Bush.

 George H. W. Bush (1924–2018), who was president from 1989 to 1993.
 George Walker Bush (born 1946), who was president from 2001 to 2009, and is the son of George H. W. Bush.
The Märkischer Kreis is a district (Kreis) in central North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The district was created in 1975 as part of the reorganisation of North Rhine-Westphalian districts.

Twinning
The district is twinned with
 , Wrexham County Borough. This was started in 1970 by Iserlohn.
 , Elbe-Elster. This started as a twin with Finsterwalde before Finsterwald became a part of Elbe-Elster.
 , Racibórz district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Politics and administration
The district is led by a Landrat. The headquarters of the government of the county are in Lüdenscheid, but there are county halls with parts of the administration in Iserlohn and Altena, too. The police headquarters of the county are in Iserlohn.

The county council meets in the county hall in Iserlohn. Its last election was on September 26 2004.

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Touristical website for the Märkischer Kreis (German)
Mettmann is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

In the district is the valley of the small river Düssel, the Neanderthal, where the fossils of the human species Neanderthals were first found.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
Minden-Lübbecke is a district in north-eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The modern district was formed in 1973 when the two districts of Minden and Lübbecke joined to become one district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official Website (German)
The Oberbergische Kreis is a Landkreis (rural district) in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Oberbergische means Upper Bergian, meaning it is the part of the medieval county of Berg which is up river. The other part of the county, lower down the river Wupper was called Niederbergisch or Lower Berg.

The districts in North Rhine Westphalia were changed between 1969/75.

Coat of arms

Politics

District Administrator 
 1945-1951: Dr. August Dresbach, CDU
 1951-1952: Fritz Eschmann, SPD
 1952-1956: Wilhelm Henn, CDU
 1956-1961: Fritz Eschmann, SPD
 1961-1964: Reinhard Kaufmann, CDU
 1964-1969: Dr. Heinrich Schild, CDU
 1969-1989: Hans Wichelhaus, CDU
 1989-1994: Hans-Leo Kausemann, CDU
 1994-1999: Herbert Heidtman, SPD

Since the October 1st, 1999 there is only one (directly elected) District Administrator who at the same time is head of management:
 1999-2004: Hans-Leo Kausemann, CDU
 2004-today: Hagen Jobi, CDU
District Administrator for the management 
 1946-1979: Dr. Friedrich-Wilhelm Goldenbogen, CDU
 1979-1987: Dr. Dieter Fuchs, CDU
 1987-1994: Dr. Gert Ammermann, CDU
 1995-1999: Heribert Rohr, SPD

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Touristical website 
 Kreisinformationssystem Oberberg
Olpe is a Kreis (district) in the south-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
The district was created in 1817 as Bilsteiner Kreis, in 1819 the capital was moved to Olpe. During the reorganization of the districts in 1969 several of the municipalities in the district were joined together to become cities, but the district itself was only changed a little bit. Even in the second reorganization 1974 it stayed nearly in the same borders as in 1817.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official Webpage
 Der Vokalismus der Mundarten im Kreise Olpe
Paderborn () is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
Paderborn became a part of Prussia in 1802. After the Napoleonic wars when Prussia created the province Westphalia it split Paderborn into two districts - Paderborn and Büren. In 1975 these two districts were joined together again to make the current Paderborn district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official website (German)
Recklinghausen () is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Coat of arms

Cities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Corpus juris of the county of Recklinghausen
The Rheinisch-Bergische Kreis is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
The Rhein-Erft-Kreis is a district in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History
The district in its current borders was created in 1975, when the previous rural districts of Bergheim and Cologne were merged. On November 1, 2003 the district was renamed from Erftkreis to Rhein-Erft-Kreis.

Geography
The main river in the district is the Erft, which also gave it the name. The Erft flows through the foothills of the Eifel, on the left side of the Rhine river.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
Neuss is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
In 1975 the urban district of Neuss lost its independent status and was merged into the Grevenbroich district, which was renamed to Kreis Neuss. On May 26 2003 it changed its name, and is now officially called Rhein-Kreis Neuss.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website  (German)
The Gong Show is an American television game show, that was produced in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was created and hosted by Chuck Barris. The show's name came from a gong used to shorten performances that were not liked. The gong was sounded by celebrity judges, who rated the performers.

Beginning
In the mid-1970s, Barris hoped to make a new kind of game show, based on the old "amateur hour" contest shows. He held auditions to find talented acts to appear. Nearly all the performers who came to the auditions were ordinary people, who had one or two skills, or thought they had special talent. Many of the performances were "party pieces", that people did to amuse others. Others were more serious, and tried hard to perform well.
Two hit shows
Two versions of The Gong Show aired at first: A nighttime version, hosted by radio announcer Gary Owens, and a daytime version, hosted by Barris himself. Barris later took over the nighttime version also. Each version worked the same, but featured different judges and performers. A live band played music for the performances. Live audiences attended each show, and cheered on the acts they liked. When they did not like an act, they would call on the judges to "Gong 'em!" If a judge sounded the gong, the act had to stop, and lost their chance for a prize. The performer who rated highest with the judges won a cash prize. (The "prize" was mostly for show; all the performers were paid the same, whether they won or not.)
Celebrities
Many celebrities served as judges on the show, including Jaye P. Morgan and Jamie Farr. One well-known comedian, Murray Langston, performed on the show with a paper bag over his head. He called himself the "Unknown Comic", and told simple jokes when he appeared onstage. Langston won his round, and was invited back to appear other times. Many people wondered who the Unknown Comic really was. Langston later admitted he had appeared on the show just for some quick cash, because he needed money. He hid his identity so his performance would not hurt his comedy career, since he was already well-known.
No real stars were made by Gong Show appearances, but thousands of people got a chance to perform on national television, and others got the chance to watch. One popular member of the show's cast was "Gene, Gene, the Dancing Machine", who would dance in front of the show's band between acts. Barris himself was also well-liked by the audience. He treated all the performers on the show kindly and seriously, and hosted the show like it was a party.

Many of the acts who auditioned for The Gong Show were not suitable for television, or for times when children or families might watch. Some of these acts appeared in a movie, which was released in 1980.

The end
In time, new and unusual acts became hard to find, as more people performed on The Gong Show. The television audience also lost interest. Barris was tired from working on the show. The Gong Show was cancelled by 1982. Reruns came later, but they also stopped with time.
Today, The Gong Show is remembered fondly by the people who watched it. Amateur talent contests still sometimes feature a gong, for when an act does not go over well. (They are rarely used.)

Barris wrote a memoir, titled Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, that talked about his time on the show.

Comedy
Television game shows
NBC network shows
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
The Rhein-Sieg-Kreis is a district in south North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It nearly completely surrounds the city of Bonn.

History
The district as known today was created in 1969, during the reorganization of the districts in North Rhine-Westphalia, by combining Sieg District with the Rural District of Bonn.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official Website (German, English, French)
The table below shows all provinces of Peru. It lists their capitals and the regions that they are in. The UBIGEO code identifies each province. Capitals in bold are also a regional capital. Provinces that have the region's capital all have an UBIGEO code ending in 01.
Gänsbrunnen is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Thal District
Günsberg is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Lebern District
Halten is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Wasseramt District
Herbetswil is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Municipalities in Thal District
Hochwald is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. The name means high forest.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Dorneck District
Charles Hirsch Barris (June 3, 1929 - March 21, 2017) was an American game show creator, producer, and host. He was best known as the creator of many popular television game shows. Some of his most famous shows were The Dating Game, The Newlywed Game and The Gong Show. These shows appeared on American television from the mid-1960s until the early 1980s.

Early life
Barris was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at Drexel University.

Early career
Early in his career, Barris tried songwriting. One of his songs, "Palisades Park", was a hit record for Freddy Cannon, a popular singer.

Barris got his start in television as a page and later staffer at NBC in New York, and eventually worked backstage at the TV music show American Bandstand.
Barris was promoted to the daytime programming division at ABC in Los Angeles and was put in charge of deciding which game shows ABC would air. Before long, Barris admitted to his bosses that he disliked all the shows he was given to choose from, and believed he could make better ones. They suggested that he quit his programming job and become a show producer himself.

Game Show Career
Barris first became successful during 1965 with his first game show creation The Dating Game on ABC.  The next year Barris began The Newlywed Game.

He went on to create several other short-lived games for ABC in the 1960s and for syndication in the 1970s, all of which revolved around a common theme: the game play normally derived its interest (and oftentimes, humor) from the excitement, vulnerability, embarrassment, or anger of female contestants or participants in the game.
Barris became a public figure in a big way in 1976, when he produced - and served as the host of the talent contest spoof The Gong Show, which he packaged in partnership with TV producer Chris Bearde. The show's cult stature far outstripped the two years it spent on NBC (1976-78) and the four years it ran in syndication (1976-1980).

Later years
After The Gong Show went off the air, Barris kept a lower profile (did not attract as much attention), but still worked in television. In the 1980s, he published a memoir, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind. Barris claimed in the book to have been a CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) agent and assassin, who regretted his earlier life. He also regretted making "puerile" (childish) television shows, that catered to poor taste. It was republished in the 1990s.
Many people believe Confessions does not tell a true story. Others are not sure if it is fact or fiction. Some, including celebrities who knew Barris, do not know or care, and enjoy his stories as entertainment. The CIA itself denies Barris ever worked for them.

George Clooney made Confessions into a movie, starring Sam Rockwell, Drew Barrymore and Julia Roberts.

Personal life 
Barris was married to Lyn Levy from 1957 until they divorced in 1976. He later married Robin Altman from 1980 until they divorced in 1999. He later married Mary Rudolph in 2000. Barris had one child with Levy.

Death
Barris died on March 21, 2017 of natural causes at his home in Palisades, New York at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
"Was Chuck Barris a hit man for the CIA?"  from The Straight Dope
Chuck Barris page on MySpace
1929 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in New York (state)
American television producers
American television presenters
Television personalities from Pennsylvania
American songwriters
American game show hosts
Actors from Philadelphia
Writers from Philadelphia
Chachapoyas is a province of Amazonas Region, Peru.

Political division

Chachapoyas is divided into twenty-one districts, which are:

Other websites
Chachapoyas province official website 

Provinces of Peru
Cusco Province is the smallest of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in southern  Peru.

Political division
The province has eight districts (Spanish: distritos, singular: distrito). Each of the districts are led by a mayor (alcalde). The districts, with their capitals, are:

 Ccorca (Ccorca)
 Cusco (Cusco)
 Poroy (Poroy)
 San Jerónimo (San Jerónimo)
 San Sebastián (San Sebastián)
 Santiago (Santiago)
 Saylla (Saylla)
 Wanchaq (Wanchaq)

Other websites

Provinces of Peru
Cusco Region
Hofstetten-Flüh is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Dorneck District
Hubersdorf is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Lebern District
Hägendorf is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Olten District
Härkingen is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Gäu District
Kappel can be one of four places:

In Switzerland:
 Kappel, Switzerland, a municipality of the canton of Solothurn
 Kappel am Albis, a municipality of the canton of Zurich
 Ebnat-Kappel, a municipality of the canton of St. Gallen

In Germany:
Kappel, Germany
Kappel is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities in Olten District
Kestenholz is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
Genealogy website 

Municipalities in Gäu District
Star Search is an American television game show, hosted by Ed McMahon. It began in the 1980s, and new versions appeared in the 1990s and 2000s.

Star Search is a talent competition, where performers compete for prizes, including contract offers from different companies. Musical performers, dancers, models, comedians, and other kinds of talented people appear. Winners are chosen by celebrity judges, and also audience votes.

Some of the celebrities to win Star Search competitions include singers Tiffany and Christina Aguilera, and comedienne Rosie O'Donnell.

Television game shows
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Kleinlützel is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Thierstein District
Kriegstetten is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Wasseramt District
Siegen-Wittgenstein is a landkreis (rural district or county) in the southeast of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History
In 1816 – 17 the two districts of Siegen and Wittgenstein were made as parts of the Prussian province of Westphalia. In 1974 the two districts were merged, and in 1984 the district changed its name to Siegen-Wittgenstein.

Coat of arms 

On the coat of arms, the two upper sections show, to the right, the arms of the Dukes of Nassau, who founded Siegen, and to the left, those of the Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein. At the bottom a miner's lamp and a coppicing hook are pictured, to remember the mining and charcoal-burning history of the district.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official webpage 
 History and genealogy for Wittgenstein
Soest () is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website (German, English)
Steinfurt is a Kreis (district) in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Bentheim, Emsland, district-free Osnabrück and the Osnabrück district, Warendorf, district-free Münster, Coesfeld, Borken.

Geography
The district is at the Lower Saxon border, north of Münster. The Ems river runs through the district from south to north. The highest point in Steinfurt is the Westerbecker Berg with 234m, the lowest point is the Bentlage castle at 32m.

History
In late medieval times Steinfurt became an independent earldom. At first it was a part of the earldom of Bentheim, before it became independent in 1454. 1804 Steinfurt was joined back with Bentheim, before it became a part of the Prussian province of Westphalia in 1815. The new government in 1816 made the districts Steinfurt and Tecklenburg.

In 1975 the old district Steinfurt was merged with the district Tecklenburg, and together with Greven and Saerbeck from the old district Münster the current district was made.
Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
Official website 
Corpus juris of the Principality of Münster / Steinfurt, Anholt, Gemen
The Unna () district is a Kreis (district) in central North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
The area was known as Hamm for a long time. In 1901 the town of Hamm itself became a separate urban district, but government of Hamm Rural District stayed in the city until 1929. In that year the administration was moved to Unna, when the district name also changed to Unna.

By 1975, the towns of Lünen, Schwerte, Selm and Werne had joined the district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website
Viersen is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
In 1816, the new Prussian government created the district of Kempen. In 1929 the district was made a lot bigger and renamed Kempen-Krefeld.

In 1975 the district again changed its borders and was renamed to Viersen even though Kempen remained the capital. Viersen city replace Kempen as the capital in 1984.

Since 1983 the district has had been twinned with Cambridgeshire in England.

Coat of arms

Cities and municipalities 

based on data from: 31. December 2005>

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
Windows Update is a feature found in Microsoft Windows (after Windows 98) that lets the user update their copy of Windows. The Windows Update website can only be used with Internet Explorer.

It also allows updates to the definitions file of Windows Defender and to the Junk Mail filter in Windows Mail.

Microsoft Update 

Microsoft Update is a feature in Windows Update that provides updates not only for Windows but also other Microsoft software (such as Microsoft Office).

History 

Windows Update first became part of windows with the launch of Windows 98. Since then the Windows Update site has gone through many updates.

With the release of Windows Me a feature called Automatic Updates was added; this meant updates could be installed in the background.

In Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7, instead of using a Windows Update website you now use a application to receive your updates in Windows.

Microsoft software
Warendorf is a Kreis (district) in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
In medieval times the region was part of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster. When it became part of the Prussian Province of Westphalia, the new government in 1816 created the districts of Warendorf and Beckum. In 1975 these two districts were joined to form today's district.

Geography 
The district is located east of the city of Münster. The Ems river runs through the district from east to west. The Lippe River forms part of the southern border of the district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website (German)
Windows Defender (which used to be called Microsoft AntiSpyware), is an application made by Microsoft. It was released on October 24, 2006. Windows Defender prevents, quarantine, and removes spywares in Windows Vista and Windows 7, computer viruses in Windows 8 and above. It also can be downloaded for free in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.

Related pages
Microsoft Security Essentials

References

Other websites 

Microsoft software
Wesel () is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History
The district was created in 1975 by merging old districts of Dinslaken, Moers and Rees, which were all created in 1816 when the area became part of Prussia.

Geography
The main river through the district is the River Rhine.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
Xi'an ( pinyin:Xī'ān) is the capital city of the Shaanxi Province in China. Its metropolitan area has a population of 6 million people in 2011.  This city is famous for the splendid Terracotta Army was found inside the tomb of Chinese first emperor Qin Shi Huang.

History  
In past China, it was the capital of 13 dynasties, including the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty. It was the eastern end of the ancient Silk Road and was commercial hub linked to home of silk production city Suzhou and Hangzhou. 
Xi'an is regarded as one of the most oldest capitals in the world history together with the other three Athens, Rome and Cairo.
Name   
Xi'an was called Chang'an in ancient times. In Classical Chinese it literally means "Perpetual Peace". But from 9 AD-23 AD, during the Xin Dynasty, it was renamed "Constant Peace" (it is said the same way). By the time of the Ming Dynasty it had been named Xi'an (which means "Western Peace"). It was named Xi'an because was in the western part of the Ming Empire.

Political divisions 

Xi'an Municipality is divided into 10 districts and 3 counties.
 Beilin District
 Yanta District
 Weiyang District
 Baqiao District
 Xincheng District
 Lianhu District
 Chang'an District
 Yanliang District
 Lintong District
 Gaoling District
 Lantian County
 Zhouzhi County
 Huyi District

Culture  
Xian's profound culture is featured by many kind of traditional festivals, handicrafts and more ethnic flavor. 
 Yango - Popular rural folk dance 
 Qinqiang - Shaanxi  local opera
 Shaanxi Shadow Play
 Fengxiang Clay Figurines
Tourism  
As ancient capital, Xian's rich history is reflectey by the relic of Chinese dynasties such as ancient emperor story, imperial tombs, palace legends in the Qin, Han and Tang Dynasty. The following attractions is top among them.  
 Banpo Neolithic Village
 Terracotta Army & Warriors 
 Xian Ancient City Wall   
 Bell & Drum tower
 Big Wild Goose Pagoda
 Hanyangling Mausoleum

References

Cities in China
Shaanxi
Arthritis is a group of diseases where a person or animal's body joints are damaged. "Arthritis" means inflammation of bone or body joint. Arthritis can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. It can hurt to move with arthritis. Arthritis is a condition that lasts for a long time.

Forms of diseases 

There are more than 100 kinds of arthritis. The three most common kinds are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.  Other kinds of arthritis include psoriatic arthritis and septic arthritis (when an area is invaded by bacteria).

Osteoarthritis is when the cartilage in between two bones breaks down. This condition causes the bones to rub together. This kind of arthritis is more common in elderly people. The most common places for this arthritis are the hips, knees, lower back, and neck. There are medicines that can relieve the pain and prevent disability.
Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by autoimmunity. Autoimmunity is when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. The most common places for this arthritis is in the wrists and the knuckles. It usually starts between the ages of 20 and 40. Children and elderly people can also get this kind of arthritis. There are medicines to slow down the process of this disease. There are also some medicines to relieve pain. It is important to treat this kind of arthritis early.

Gout causes severe pain and swelling. Gout normally affects the big toe. It can also affect heels, ankles, hands, wrists or elbows. Gout is from high levels of uric acid that is in the blood. Gout can cause urate crystals to settle in tissues of joints. Gout creates stone-like shapes. The stone-like shapes build in joints, ligaments and tendons.

Arthritis is more common in older people. Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis affect women more often than men.

Animals, including dogs and cats, can also get arthritis.

References
References 

Diseases and disorders of joints
Inflammation
Mental calculation or mental maths is doing arithmetic without using any tools such as a computer or a calculator. and without writing anything down. Mental calculation uses only the human brain. People who use mental arithmetic use shortcuts to make the calculation easier. 

Mental calculation often involves the use of specific techniques devised for specific types of problems. There are specific methods for adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing and more calculations such as squaring numbers or its opposite [square] "root finding". And even specific methods depending on the numbers used, such as "multiply by 10" or "multiply any 2-digit numbers", or "square numbers near 50".

Calculation methods 
There are many methods to do mental operations such as multiplying.
To multiply an integer by 10, simply add an extra 0 to the end of the number.  To multiply a non-integer by 10, move the decimal point to the right one digit.  In general  for 100, 1000, 10000 and so on, multiply by ten for repeatedly for each zero in that number.

Another way to do multiplications with two numbers is to use binomial formulas.

Other websites 
 Mental Arithmetic  -History topics

Mathematics
Richmond is a city in North-central Kentucky. It is a little south of Lexington, Kentucky and is the county seat of Madison County. Eastern Kentucky University is in Richmond. It had 27,152 people in 2000 and an area of 19.3 square miles (49.5 square kilometers). It has an elevation of 948 feet (289 meters) and a density of 1,420.4/square mile (548.4/square kilometer). It is the sixth largest city in Kentucky when listed by the number of people.

Other websites
City of Richmond

Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, 31 August 12 – 24 January 41) was the third Roman Emperor. He reigned from AD 37. After only four years, he was assassinated by members of his bodyguard and the Roman Senate. During his reign, many innocent people were killed without fair trials. Even with all that, he was popular with the Roman public in his time.

Life 
Caligula's father Germanicus was the nephew and adoptive son of emperor Tiberius. He was a very successful general. He was one of Rome's most beloved public figures.

When Germanicus died at Antioch in 19 AD, his mother Agrippina the Elder returned to Rome with her six children. She had a bitter feud with Tiberius. That eventually led to the destruction of her family. Caligula was the only male survivor. In 31, he joined the emperor on the island of Capri. Tiberius had gone there five years earlier. When Tiberius died in 37, Caligula became emperor.
There are few surviving sources on Caligula's reign. He is described as a noble and moderate ruler during the first two years of his rule. After this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, extravagance, and sexual perversity, presenting him as an insane tyrant.

Caligula worked to give more authority to the emperor. He put a lot of his effort into ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself. He started the construction of two new aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus. During his reign, the empire took over the Kingdom of Mauretania and made it into a province.

In early 41, Caligula was assassinated. There was a conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard, members of the Roman Senate and members of the imperial court. After Caligula's death, the conspirators' tried to bring back the Roman Republic, but they were unsuccessful. The Praetorian Guard declared Caligula's uncle Claudius emperor in his place.

Ancestry
Ancestors of Caligula