Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The unconscious mind is thought to be a deeper part of a person's mind that works without that person knowing it. Feelings, thoughts, desires or emotions appear to come out of nowhere, leaving the person to question where they came from.

The unconscious mind is a term coined by the 18th century German romantic philosopher Friedrich Schelling and later introduced into English by the poet and essayist Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It is, however, an ancient idea which has been noticed in many civilisations and cultures. Also, whether other mammals have similar mental mechanisms to man is also a question with a considerable history.

Freud's views 

The unconscious mind plays a large role in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. He discussed the importance of the unconscious mind in understanding conscious thought and behaviour.
However, the unconscious was not discovered by Freud. Historian of psychology Mark Altschule concluded, "It is difficult—or perhaps impossible—to find a nineteenth-century psychologist or psychiatrist who did not recognize unconscious thought as not only real but of the highest importance".

Freud's advance was not to uncover the unconscious but to devise a method for systematically studying it. However, his method is controversial, and so are the rest of his ideas. Freud called dreams the "royal road to the unconscious". He developed his idea in The Interpretation of Dreams (1899). The preconscious was described as a layer between conscious and unconscious thought; its contents could be accessed with a little effort. A key feature of the unconscious is what he called 'repression'. Freud believed that many people repress painful memories deep into their unconscious mind.

Adaptive unconscious
The adaptive unconscious is a set of unconscious mental processes influencing judgment and decision making. It is different from conscious processing: it is faster, effortless, more focused on the present, but less flexible.

In other theories of the mind, the unconscious is limited to "low-level" activity, such as carrying out goals which have been decided consciously. In contrast, the adaptive unconscious is thought to be involved in "high-level" cognition such as goal-setting as well.

The term 'adaptive unconscious' suggests it has survival value and hence is an adaptation which was strongly selected in the past. Indeed, for much of vertebrate evolution, all mental activity was unconscious. No-one supposes that fish have consciousness. Thus our consciousness is added to an already-existing set of mechanisms which operate but whose operation is normally not felt by us.p23

References 

Cognition
Consciousness
Andrew Rivkin (born May 31, 1969) is a Canadian entrepreneur. He co-founded Cryptologic Inc
, which was one of the first online gambling software companies. He also co-founded Fun Technologies which is one of the largest online skill gaming provider worldwide. Andrew is an avid polo player, member of the Toronto Polo Club. He is also listed as a donor to the Mount Sinai Hospital of Toronto.

References

Living people
Businesspeople from Toronto
1969 births
Roborovski hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) are the smallest of all hamsters commonly kept as pets. Roborovski hamsters live in the wild around the Gobi Desert, throughout Mongolia's desert steppe and parts of northern China. Robo hamsters, as they are commonly called, are also extremly fast. Because of their size wired cages are not suitable for them

Hamsters
Mammals of Asia
The Palmengarten is one of two botanical gardens in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.  It is in the city area Westend-Nord.

The garden was privately paid for and built by the architect Heinrich Siesmayer.  Work was done in 1871 and the garden opened to the public. One special visit was from the American entertainer Buffalo Bill.  Buffalo Bill performed his Western show at the garden in 1890. In 1931, it was placed in the care of the city of Frankfurt.  Control of the  garden was later moved to the American occupation authorities after World War II.  When the Palmengarten was returned to the city's control in the 1960s, a major rebuilding started. The halls that were destroyed in the war were redeveloped and expanded. In 1992, the reconstruction finished and the Palmengarten showed in its new form.

Next to the area of the Palmengarten is the Frankfurt Botanical Garden, which belongs to the biology department of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt.
The botanical exhibits are placed according to their start in free-air or climate controlled greenhouses, which also contain many tropical and subtropical plants.

With , it is the biggest garden of its kind in Germany.

Related pages 
 List of botanical gardens

Botanical gardens in Europe
Frankfurt
This article is about the province.  For the island itself, see Jeju Island.  For the World Heritage Site, see Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes.
Jeju-do (Korean for Jeju Province) is a province in South Korea.  Most of Jeju Province is Jeju Island, which is the largest island in South Korea. The island was created as a result of a volcanic eruption. Jeju-do is in the southern part of South Korea. Many people visit this island on honeymoon or to sight-see. Because Jeju-do is in the southern part of South Korea, it's warmer than the rest of South Korea.

Jejudo has exotic views and fruits compared to other places in South Korea. A few things it is famous for are Jeonbokjuk (a kind of congee made of abalone) and Dekopon.  Hallasan, the highest mountain in South Korea, is at the center of Jeju-do. The Natural World Heritage Site Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes is also on the island.

History
From ancient times, Jeju-do has been said to have plenty of women, winds, and stones.
Jeju-do is the only special autonomous province in South Korea.  It was established on July 1, 2006.  Before that, it had been an independent province since 1946.  During the Japanese occupation of Korea, Jeju was called  Jeju Myeon and considered part of South Jeolla Province.

In the middle of the 20th century, the Korean War divided Korea into two countries, North Korea and South Korea.  In 1948, there was an uprising on Jeju Island.   The government of what would become South Korea burned down most of the villages on Jeju Island and killed 30,000 people.  People disagree about exactly what happened and why.  Some people say the government was trying to stop Communists and other people say the Jeju Islanders who were killed were rebels who didn't want the country cut into two pieces.  In 2003, the government of South Korea apologized.

Culture

Many television shows, for example Dae Jang Geum, are filmed in Jejudo.
The people who live in Jeju Province do not speak exactly the same type of Korean as other Koreans.  The Jeju dialect is recognized as a separate language, the Jeju language.  Women have been an important part of family economics in Jeju-do. People on Jeju-do tie some ropes over their roof so that it can withstand strong winds. Jeju island is based on basalt. Because basalt has many holes, people had trouble with getting water to drink. As a result, they used Heobeok to carry water.

There are many doll hareubang basalt sculptures on Jeju.  This is "stone grandfather" in English.  They are made out of basalt stone.

Haenyo is the professional job of getting seafood.  Most haenyo divers are women.  They can hold their breath for two minutes and dive to 20 meters to collect abalone, oysters, and other edible animals.

Tourism
Tourism

Millions of tourists visit Jejudo every year, 14.4 million in 2019, and they leave large amounts of garbage behind.  Environmentalists say that too much of Jejudo has been made into roads, buildings and golf courses for the visitors. Some of the residents of Jejudo do not like that there are so many tourists because they use up the water and leave garbage on the beaches.  Because many of the restaurants and hotels are owned by people from China, locals do not always get much money from visitors

References 

Islands of South Korea
Provinces of South Korea
Las Cruces is the second largest city in the American state of New Mexico. The current population is about 90,000. The city is known for its large Urban Renewal Project that tore down much of its historic Main Street area.

The main campus of New Mexico State University is in Las Cruces.

References

Other websites
 City of Las Cruces "People Helping People"

Cities in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
1840s establishments in North America
Rio Rancho is the largest city in Sandoval County and third largest city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. A suburb of Albuquerque, it is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Other websites 
 City of Rio Rancho "City of Vision"

Cities in New Mexico
Watford tube station is a station at the end of the Watford branch of London Underground's Metropolitan line in the north-western part of the network in Zone 7, previously zone A.

There are plans to close this station when a new line to Watford Junction railway station opens, called the Croxley Rail Link, by 2020.

References

Railway stations in Hertfordshire
Metropolitan line stations
Watford
1925 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in England
Ha Seung-Jin (; Hanja 河昇鎮, born 4 August 1985) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as a basketball player. He has played in the NBA for the Portland Trail Blazers. He was the first Korean to play basketball in the NBA.

Ha was born in Seoul. His father was a member of the national basketball team and his older sister is a member of the national basketball team. His height was 2.18 m in middle school when he won the championship. Lots of universities wanted Seung-Jin to sign with their school. He decided to play for Yonsei University and won the university championship with them. He decided to go pro and signed with the Portland Trail Blazers in 2004.

His NBA career was short due to his low basic skills. So he decided to go back to Korea and enter the Korean Basketball League in 2008.

References

1985 births
Living people
Basketball players
Portland Trail Blazers players
Sportspeople from Seoul
Track listing 
 "Love Don't Cost a Thing" (RJ Schoolyard Mix featuring Fat Joe) (Damon Sharpe, Greg Lawson, Georgette Franklin, Jeremy Monroe, Amille Harris, Joe Cartagena) – 4:18
 "Ain't It Funny" (Murder Remix featuring Ja Rule and Caddillac Tah) (Jennifer Lopez, Cory Rooney, Irv Gotti, 7 Aurelius, Ja Rule, Caddillac Tah) – 3:49
 "I'm Gonna Be Alright" (Track Masters Remix) 1 (Lopez, Oliver, Rooney, Samuel Barnes, Jean-Claude Olivier, Cheryl Lorraine Cook, Ronald LaPread) – 3:53
 "I'm Real" (Murder Remix featuring Ja Rule) (Lopez, Oliver, Rooney, L.E.S., Jeffrey Atkins, Irving Lorenzo, Rick James) – 4:18
 "Walking on Sunshine" (Metro Remix) (Lopez, Sean "Puffy" Combs, Mario Winans, Jack Knight, Michael "Lo" Jones, Adonis Shropshire, Karen Anderson, Mechalie Jamison) – 5:50
 "If You Had My Love" (Darkchild Master Mix) (Rodney Jerkins, Fred Jerkins III, LaShawn Daniels, Rooney) – 4:11
"Feelin' So Good" (Bad Boy Remix featuring P. Diddy and G. Dep) (Rooney, Lopez, Christopher Rios, Cartagena, Combs, Steven Standard, George Logios) – 4:27
 "Let's Get Loud" (Pablo Flores Remix) (Gloria Estefan, Kike Santander) – 5:29
 "Play" (Sack International Remix) (Anders Bagge, Arnthor Birgisson, Christina Milian, Rooney) – 4:18
 "Waiting for Tonight" (Hex's Momentous Radio Mix) (Maria Christensen, Michael Garvin, Phil Temple) – 4:32
 "Alive" (Album Version) (Lopez, Cris Judd, Rooney) – 4:40
European edition 
  "Si Ya Se Acabó" (Radio Remix) (Manny Benito, Jimmy Greco, Ray Contreras) – 3:33
 "Que Ironia (Ain't It Funny)" (Tropical Dance Remix) (Lopez, Rooney, Benito) – 3:48
 "Una Noche Más" 2 (Christensen, Garvin, Temple, Benito) – 4:05
 "No Me Ames" (Tropical Remix with Marc Anthony) (Giancarlo Bigazzi, Marco Falagiani, Ignacio Ballesteros, Aleandro Baldi) – 5:34
 1 The European edition includes the no-rap version of "I'm Gonna Be Alright" (Track Masters Remix)
 2 Misprinted as being the Pablo's Miami Mix Radio Edit

Charts

Certifications

References 

Jennifer Lopez albums
2002 albums
Remix albums
House albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Epic Records albums
This Is Me... Then is the third studio album by American singer and entertainer Jennifer Lopez. It was released in November 2002. The album debuted at number six on Billboard 200. t has sold 2.5 million copies in the United States and over five million copies worldwide. On November 26, 2022, Lopez announced a sequel to the album called This Is Me... Now due to be released in 2023.

Track listing
Notes
"Still" contains elements of "Set Me Free", as written by LeRoy Bell and Casey James and performed by Teddy Pendergrass.
"Loving You" contains:
a portion of "Juicy Fruit", as written by James Mtume and performed by Mtume.
an interpolation of "Never Give Up on a Good Thing", as written by Michael Garvin and Tom C. Shapiro and performed by George Benson.
"I'm Glad" contains a sample of "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?", as written and performed by Jesse "Schoolly D" Weaver Jr.
"The One" and "The One (Version 2)" contain an interpolation of "You Are Everything", as written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed and performed by The Stylistics.
"All I Have" contains a sample of "Very Special", as written by Lisa Peters and William Jeffrey and performed by Debra Laws.
"Jenny from the Block" contains:
an interpolation of "Hi-Jack" (1975), as written by Jose Fernando Arbex Miro.
a portion of "South Bronx" (1987), as written by Lawrence Parker and Scott Sterling.
portions of "Heaven and Hell Is on Earth" (1975), as written by Michael Oliver.
"You Belong to Me" contains a sample of "Catch the Beat", as written by G. Andrews, K. Nix, Brad Osborne, T. Ski Valley and performed by T. Ski Valley.
"Baby I Love U!" contains an interpolation of "Midnight Cowboy" (1969), as written and performed by John Barry.
Charts

Certifications

References 

Jennifer Lopez albums
2002 albums
Hip hop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Epic Records albums
Track listing 
"Get Right" (Rich Harrison, James Brown) – 3:45
Contains elements of Maceo & the Macks' "Soul Power '74" (James Brown)
"Step into My World" (Rodney Jerkins, Delisha Thomas, Fred Jerkins III, Hector Diaz) – 4:05
"Hold You Down" (featuring Fat Joe) (Gregory Christopher, Gregory Bruno, Makeba Riddick, Joseph Cartagena, Cory Rooney, Larry Troutman, Billy Beck) – 4:32
Contains elements of Shirley Murdock's "As We Lay" (Larry Troutman, Billy Beck)
"Whatever You Wanna Do" (Harrison, Delma Anthony Churchill, Harvey Fuqua, Kenneth L. Hawkins) – 3:49
Contains elements of The Nite-Liters' "Con-Funk-Shun" (Delma Anthony Churchill, Harvey Fuqua, Kenneth L. Hawkins)
"Cherry Pie" (Jennifer Lopez, Tim Kelley, Bob Robinson, Rooney) – 4:06
"I Got U" (Jerkins, Jerkins, Thomas, LaShawn Daniels, Aaron Pearce) – 3:57
"Still Around" (Antwan Patton, Archie Hall, Rooney) – 3:22
"Ryde or Die" (Robert "Big Bert" Smith, Blake English, Brandy Norwood) – 4:03
"I, Love" (Kelley, Robinson, Rooney) – 3:42
"He'll Be Back" (Walter Millsap III, Candice Nelson, Tim Mosley) – 4:18
"(Can't Believe) This Is Me" (Lopez, Marc Anthony, Rooney) – 4:44
"Get Right" (featuring Fabolous) (Harrison, Brown) – 3:50
Contains elements of Maceo & the Macks' "Soul Power '74" (James Brown)
Japanese edition
"Get Right" (Instrumental)

iTunes edition
"Get Right" (Hip Hop Remix featuring Fabolous)

DualDisc edition
Includes a DVD featuring the entire album in enhanced stereo plus the contents below:
Rebirth Documentary
"Get Right" (Video)
"Get Right" (featuring Fabolous) (Video)

Personnnel 
Jennifer Lopez – vocals
Marco Britti – drums
Mario Guini – guitar
Bob Robinson – electric guitar
Erben Perez – bass
Cory Rooney – keyboards
Tim Kelley – bass, keyboards
Delisha Thomas – background vocals
Andrea Mendez – background vocals
Candice Nelson – background vocals
Makeba Riddick – background vocals
Rudaina Haddad – background vocals
Production 
Mert Alas – photography
Jim Annunziato – assistant engineer
Marc Anthony – producer
Robert Anthony – producer
Chris Avedon – engineer
Scotty Beats – engineer
Big Boi – producer
Gregory Bruno – producer
Cutmaster Swift – producer
Danja – producer
Hector Diaz – programming, producer
Dylan Ely – assistant engineer
Mike Evans – production coordination
Katie Grand – stylist
Rich Harrison – programming, producer
Fred "Uncle Freddie" Jerkins III – producer
Rodney Jerkins – programming, producer
Tim Kelley – drum programming
Peter Wade Keusch – engineer, mixing
Jennifer Lopez – executive producer
Andrew McKay – production coordination
Nyce Boy – producer
Oribe – hair stylist
Julian Peploe – art direction
William E. Pettaway Jr. – production coordination
Marcus Piggott – photography
Herb Powers – mastering
Geneva Randolph – production coordination
Cory Rooney – producer, executive producer, vocal producer
Bruce Swedien – engineer, mixing
Delisha Thomas – vocal arrangement
Charlotte Tilbury – make-up
Timbaland – producer
Mike Tschupp – assistant engineer
Charts

References 

Jennifer Lopez albums
2005 albums
Hip hop albums
Funk albums
R&B albums
Epic Records albums
Como Ama una Mujer () is the first full-length Spanish-language studio album, and fifth studio album by American singer and entertainer Jennifer Lopez. The album was mainly produced by Colombian composers Julio Reyes and Estéfano.

Background 
In 2004 Lopez worked on a song with her husband Marc Anthony called "Escapémonos". She enjoyed working on the song so much that she decided to record a full-length Spanish album; something she had wanted to do for years.

Reviews

Track listing
Personnel 
 Vic Anesini – Mastering
 Marc Anthony – Arranger, Vocals (bckgr), Producer, Executive Producer
 Eduardo Avena – Percussion
 Odisa Beltrán – Production Coordination
 Andres Bermudez – Mixing
 Marco Britti – Drums
 Jorge Calandrelli – String Arrangements
 César Castillo – Quena, Sikus
 José Garcia De La Rosa – Engineer
 Sebastian DePeyrecave – Guitar, Assistant Engineer
 Nailton Bispo "Meia Noiche" Dos Santos – Percussion
 Tony Duran – Photography
 Vicky Echeverri – Vocals (bckgr)
 Estéfano – Vocals (bckgr), Producer
 Mauricio Gasca – Programming
 Armando Gola – Bass
 Mario Guini – Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Guitar (Electric)
 Anthony Kilhoffer – Engineer
 Jadi Leesley – Stylist
 The London Symphony Orchestra – Strings
 Jennifer Lopez – Executive Producer
 Juan José "Chaqueño" Martínez – Percussion
 Pedro Namerow – Assistant Engineer
 José Luis Pagán – Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Arranger, Guitar (Electric), Keyboards, Programming, Engineer
 José Luis Pagani – Arranger, Programming
Ricardo Tiki Pasillas – Percussion, Drums, Vocals (bckgr)
 Ken Paves – Hair Stylist
 Julian Peploe – Art Direction, Design
 Erben Perez – Bass
 Gustavo Pichon Dal Pont – Engineer
 Julio C. Reyes – Piano, Accordion, Arranger, Conductor, Keyboards, Programming, Producer, Engineer, String Arrangements, Mixing
 Claudia Salgado – Production Coordination
 Bruce Swedien – Engineer, Mixing
 Guillermo Vadala – Bass
 Matthew Vanleeuwen – Make-Up
 Peter Wade – Engineer, Mixing
Charts

Sales and certifications

Year-end charts

Awards and nominations
 Billboard Latin Music Awards – won Latin Pop Album Of The Year, Female. 3 nominations for Latin Album Of The Year, Latin Pop Airplay Song Of The Year, Female and Latin Dance Club Play Track Of The Year (Que Hiciste)

References

Other websites
 Como Ama una Mujer – Spanish Content 
 e-card "Como ama una mujer" 

Jennifer Lopez albums
2007 albums
Latin music albums
R&B albums
Spanish-language albums
Epic Records albums
El Cantante () is the soundtrack to the motion picture of the same name by American recording artists Marc Anthony and Jennifer Lopez. It was released on July 24, 2007 by Sony BMG. The entire album, except for the last track "Toma de Mí", is a cover album of songs originally written and recorded by the famous Puerto Rican salsa icon Héctor Lavoe.

Track listing 
 "El Cantante" (Rubén Blades) — 6:47
 "Mi Gente" (Johnny Pacheco) — 3:52
 "Escándalo" (Rafael Cárdenas Crespo; Rubén Fuentes) — 3:58
 "Aguanile" (Willie Colón; Héctor Lavoe) — 5:15
 "Che Che Colé" (Willie Colón) — 3:26
 "El Día de Mi Suerte" (Willie Colón; Héctor Lavoe) — 5:19
 "Qué Lío" (Willie Colón; Joe Cuba; Héctor Lavoe) — 4:24
 "Quítate Tú Pa' Ponerme Yo" (Johnny Pacheco; Bobby Valentín) — 4:24
 "Todo Tiene Su Final" (Willie Colón) — 4:56
 "Toma de Mí" (Performed by Jennifer Lopez) (Nelly Furtado; Julio Reyes Copello) — 4:29

Charts
Album charts

Year-end charts

Credits and personnel

Performance credits
Yomo Toro – Cuatro
Milton Cardona – Vocals, coro
Tito Allen – Vocals, Coro
Bobby Allende – Conga
Renaldo Jorge – Trombone
Myung Hi Kim – Violin
Ozzie Melendez – Trombone
Suzanne Ornstein – Violin
Ricardo Tiki Pasillas – Percussion
Marc Quiñones – Timbales
Laura Seaton – Violin
Gene Moye – Cello
Sergio George – Piano
Ray Colon – Bongos, bells
Raul Agraz – Trumpet
Luis Quintero – Percussion, timbales
William Castro – Arpa
William Duval – Vocals
Sarah Seiver – Cello
José Tabares – Bass
Peter Winograd – Violin
Ramon B. Sanchez – Conductor
Robert Rinehart – Viola
Daniel Panner – Viola
Elizabeth Dyson – Cello
Jenny Strenger – Violin
Wilson Cifuentes – Flute, gaita
Katherine Fong – Violin
Duoming Ba – Violin
Minyoung Chang – Violin
Sarah OBoyle – Violin
Wen Qian – Violin
Sein Ryu – Violin
Mario Guini – Electric guitar
Julio Reyes Copello – Piano
Jose Mangual – Vocals, Coro
Daniel Caro – Bandola
Oriol Caro – Tiple
Angélica Gámez – Violin
Laura Ospina – Cello
Urian Sarmiento – Percussion

Technical credits
Technical credits

Marc Anthony – Producer, executive producer
Sergio George – Producer
Héctor Ivan Rosa – Engineer
Jim Caruana – Engineer
Luisito Quintero – Percussion overdubs
David Kutch – Mastering
Vlado Meller – Mastering
Peter Wade Keusch – Engineer
Bigram Zayas – Producer
Alysia Oakley – Assistant music supervisor
Maria Paula Marulanda – Art direction
Matt Havron – Assistant Music supervisor
Julio Reyes Copello – Arranger, programming, producer

References

Other websites
 Official El Cantante home page 

2007 albums
Jennifer Lopez albums
Latin music albums
Latin pop albums
R&B albums
Latin Grammy Award-winning albums
Brave is the sixth studio album by American singer and entertainer Jennifer Lopez. It was released on October 6, 2007 by Epic Records. It is Lopez's fifth English-language studio album. It debuted at number twelve on the U.S. Billboard 200 with 53,000 copies sold in its first week. It became Lopez's least successful album to date, selling just 600,000 units worldwide to date.
Track listing
 "Stay Together" (Jonathan Rotem, Chasity Nwagbara, Evan "Kidd" Bogart) – 3:31
 "Forever" (Balewa Muhammad, Candice Nelson, Ezekiel "Zeke" Lewis, Patrick "j.Que" Smith, Chauncey Hollis) – 3:38
 "Hold It Don't Drop It" (Kevin Risto, Waynne Nugent, Jennifer Lopez, Allen Phillip Lees, Tawana Dabney, Janet Sewell, Cynthia Lissette, Dennis Lambert, Brian Potter) – 3:55
 Contains a sample of Tavares' "It Only Takes a Minute" (Dennis Lambert, Brian Potter)
 "Do It Well" (Ryan Tedder, Leonard Caston, Anita Poree, Frank Wilson) – 3:05
 Contains a sample of Eddie Kendricks' "Keep on Truckin'" (Leonard Caston, Anita Poree, Frank Wilson)
 "Gotta Be There" (Adam Gibbs, Michael Chesser, Crystal Johnson, Travis Cherry, Leon Ware, Arthur Ross) – 3:57
 Contains a sample of Michael Jackson's "I Wanna Be Where You Are" (Leon Ware, Arthur Ross)
 "Never Gonna Give Up" (Michelle Lynn Bell, Peter Wade Keusch, Lopez) – 4:21
 "Mile in These Shoes" (Chasity Nwagbara, Onique Williams) – 3:16
"The Way It Is" (Bell, Keusch, Lopez, Rhonda Robinson, Gennaro Leone, Bruce Rudd) – 3:07
 Contains a sample of Great Pride's "She's a Lady" (Gennaro Leone, Bruce Rudd)
 "Be Mine" (Bell, Keusch, Robinson, John Hill, Caleb Shreve, Lopez, Bobby Hebb) – 3:20
 Contains a sample of Paul Mauriat's "Sunny" (Bobby Hebb)
 "I Need Love" (Bell, Keusch, Robinson, Hill, Shreve, Lopez, Bill Withers) – 3:52
 Contains a sample of Bill Withers' "Use Me" (Bill Withers)
 "Wrong When You're Gone" (Lewis, Smith, Muhammad, Nelson, Keri Hilson) – 3:58
 "Brave" (Christian Karlsson, Pontus Winnberg, Lewis, Smith, Muhammad, Nelson) – 4:21
Bonus tracks
 "Do It Well" (featuring Ludacris) (bonus track on all editions) – 3:34
 "Do It Well" (Monto Blanco Radio Mix) (iTunes bonus track in some countries) – 3:03
 "Do It Well" (Ashanti Boyz Remix) (iTunes bonus track in some countries) – 3:42
 "Frozen Moments" (Bell, Keusch) (Canadian iTunes bonus track) – 3:45

Deluxe edition bonus DVD
 "Get Right" (featuring Fabolous) (Video) – 3:52
 "Hold You Down" (featuring Fat Joe) (Video) – 4:32
 "Qué Hiciste" (Video) – 4:17
 "Me Haces Falta" (Video) – 3:33

Target edition
Includes exclusive fan package with T-shirt.

Circuit City edition
Includes exclusive free calendar.
Personnel
 Pedro Alfonso – Violin, Viola
 Jim Annunziato – Engineer
 Scott Barns – Make-Up
 Michelle Lynn Bell – Producer, Vocal Arrangement
 Michelle Bell – Vocals (bckgr)
 Big D – Producer
 Chuck Brody – Producer
 CFOS – Mixing Assistant
 Travis Cherry – Producer
 Clutch – Producer
 Brandon Creed – A&R
 Alec Deruggiero – Engineer
 Warren "Oak" Felder – Producer
 William Garrett – Keyboards, Engineer
 Larry Gold – Conductor, String Arrangements
 Alexei Hay – Photography
 John Hill – Producer, Mixing
 Keri Hilson – Vocals (bckgr)
 Hit Boy – Programming, Producer, Instrumentation
 Peter Wade Keusch – Synthesizer, Programming, Producer, Engineer, Vocal Arrangement
 Gelly Kusuma – Assistant Engineer, Mixing Assistant
 Jennifer Lopez – Executive Producer
 Manny Marroquin – Mixing
 Julie Ann Marsibilio – A&R
 Josh McDonnell – Guitar, Engineer
 Keith Naftaly – A&R
 Candice Nelson – Vocals (bckgr)
 Chasity Nwagbara – Vocals (bckgr)
 Ken Paves – Hair Stylist
 Philosophy – Producer
 Herb Powers – Mastering
Julio C. Reyes – Engineer, String Arrangements, Vocal Producer
 Jared Robbins – Mixing Assistant
 Corey Rooney – Executive Producer, Brass Arrangement, Vocal Producer
 José Juan Sánchez – Engineer
 Ryan Santomauro – A&R
 Sizzler Ponderosa – Vocals (bckgr)
 Chris Soper – Mixing Assistant
 Corey Stocker – Engineer
 Bruce Swedien – Mixing
 Ryan Tedder – Programming, Producer, Instrumentation
 Mike Tschupp – Assistant Engineer, Mixing Assistant
 Peter Wade – Synthesizer, Guitar, Programming, Mixing
 Chasity Wagbara – Vocals (bckgr)
 Bruce Waynne – Producer, Engineer
 Daniel Werner – A&R
 Monique Williams – Vocals (bckgr)
Charts

Sales and certifications

Release history

References

Jennifer Lopez albums
2007 albums
Pop albums
Funk albums
R&B albums
Epic Records albums
Feelin' So Good is the first video album by American recording artist and actress Jennifer Lopez. It was first released in the United States on DVD and VHS on November 7, 2000 by SMV Enterprises, the home media division of Sony's music and entertainment label Sony Music Entertainment. Executively produced by Lopez alongside Cory Rooney and Benny Medina, Feelin' So Good provides a documentary-style look at the launch of Lopez's music career. With a run time of one hour, it contains a mixture of interviews, behind-the-scenes footage, music videos and live performances. The interview segments of Feelin' So Good were conducted by Lopez's sister Lynda, who interviews not only Lopez, but also her mother, Medina and her future husband Marc Anthony.
Feelin' So Good received generally favorable reviews from critics, although it was noted that it would be of no interest to those who were not fans of Lopez. It was additionally praised for showing Lopez's transition from her acting career to a music career. In the United States, Feelin' So Good was certified as a Gold Video Longform by the RIAA for shipments of 50,000 units.
From a young age, Lopez's Puerto Rican parents stressed the importance of work ethic and being able to speak English. They encouraged their three daughters to put on performances at home, singing and dancing in front of each other and their friends so that they would stay "out of trouble". While attending her final year of high school, Lopez learned about a film casting that was seeking several teenage girls for small roles. She auditioned and was cast in My Little Girl (1986), an low-budget film co-written and directed by Connie Kaiserman. After she finished filming her role in the film, Lopez knew that she wanted to become a "famous movie star". She told her parents this, but they ensisted that it was a "really stupid" idea and that "no Latinos did that". Their disagreements led Lopez to move out of their family home and into an apartment in Manhattan
. During this period, Lopez performed in regional productions of several musicals, before being hired for the chorus in a musical that toured Europe for five months. She was unhappy with the role, as she was the only member of the chorus not to have a solo. From there, she got a job on the show Synchronicity in Japan, where she acted as a dancer, singer and a choreographer. Lopez then gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on the television comedy program In Living Color. She moved to Los Angeles with then-boyfriend David Cruz to film the series and remained a regular cast member until 1993 when she decided to pursue an acting career.
After a series of co-starring film roles, Lopez received her big break came in 1996, when she was cast to play the title role in Selena, a biopic of the late American singer-songwriter Selena. In the film, Selena's real voice is used for the musical sequences in Selena, but Lopez would nonetheless sing the lyrics during the scenes instead of lip synching. When asked by an interview if Selena inspired her to launch a music career, Lopez stated: "I really, really became inspired, because I started my career in musical theater on stage. So doing the movie just reminded me of how much I missed singing, dancing, and the like..." After filming Selena, Lopez was "really feeling [her] Latin roots" and cut a demo in Spanish. Lopez's manager then sent the song, entitled "Vivir Sin Ti", to Sony Music Entertainment's Work Records, who showed an interest in signing Lopez. Tommy Mottola, the head of the label suggested to her that she sing in English instead
. She complied and began recording her debut studio album On the 6.
During production of the On the 6, Lopez was aware of the fact that she received her recording contract on the premise of her looks and having an already established name in the entertainment industry, and wanted to prove that she had musical talent. Prior to the debut of her music, critics wondered why she would take the risk of launching a music career. It was noted that: "If the album was a flop, not only would it embarrass Lopez, but it might even damage her career." Lopez's debut single "If You Had My Love" was serviced to radio in the United States on May 4, 1999. The song debuted at 72 on the US Billboard Hot 100 on the week of May 15, 1999, and entered the top ten two weeks later. A month after the single's release, it moved to number six, earning the "Greatest Gainer" title of the week, and reached the top spot on June 12, 1999
. The song dethroned Ricky Martin's "Livin' La Vida Loca" as the number-one song in the country; this was the first time a Latin artist followed another Latin artist to the top of the chart since Gloria Estefan's "Coming Out Of The Dark" replaced Timmy T's "One More Try" in March 1991. Lopez also became the first artist to top the Billboard Hot 100 with their debut single since Britney Spears did with her single "...Baby One More Time" four months prior. "If You Had My Love" stayed atop the Billboard Hot 100 for a period of a month, and remained in the top ten until September of 1999. "If You Had My Love" was also a success internationally; topping the charts in countries including New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. The song also peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart and reached the top ten of seven other countries.
Video contents 
"Rather than the usual collection", Feelin' So Good provides a documentary-style look at the launch of Lopez's music career. It contains a mixture of interviews, behind-the-scenes footage, music videos and live performances. The interview footage in-between the performance segments has been described as "very slick and promotional". It was also noted that in the interview footage Lopez "comes through energetically" and without "much star-ego". The video album provides very basic information about the singer's career, rather than going too much into detail. The release has been compared to the DVD releases of Mariah Carey. Cory Rooney and Lopez acted as album executive producers of the DVD, while Lopez acted as a video executive producer, alongside Benny Medina. Jeffrey Norskog acted as a video associate producer.

Chapters overview
Feelin' So Good opens with a intertitle that features a behind-the-scenes look at Lopez during the artwork shoot for On the 6, artist's proof of said photoshoot and brief clips of the music videos to the album's five singles. In the second chapter, "Why Risk a Music Career?", Lopez is interviewed by her sister Lynda Lopez, who oversees each interview segment, about the risks of starting a music career after having an already thriving movie career. Critics believed that she was only launching a music career with an intent to expand her brand, while Lopez felt as if it was simply the "next natural step" in her career. Lopez's manager Benny Medina further discusses this, labeling her as the "ultimate" triple threat – "the actor, singer and dancer". Lopez then confers, in the chapter "Press Tours / Promotions", about the extensive promotional schedule she was on to promote the album
. She examines the differences in promoting an album and a film, stating that promoting an album is more "personal" as it is something that is "closer to your heart" and something she "really believes in". According to Lopez, by the end of the promotional tour for the album she "lost" her voice from the amount of interviews she had. Following this, Lopez's performance of the Darkchild remix of "If You Had My Love" at the 1999 VH1 Fashion Awards is shown. In the fifth chapter, "Beginning of the Year", Lopez discusses her hectic schedule in the beginning of 1999; balancing film events and choosing the album's first single and shooting its music video. Lopez then goes into detail about the concept behind the music video of "If You Had My Love". Lopez's sister Lynda makes a formal introduction to the music video, as having a "special place" in her heart, and it is shown. Lopez then explains how her duet with Marc Anthony on "No Me Ames" came about and the concept of the video
. Video footage is shown, as Lopez discusses her first ever live performance, with "No Me Ames", in April 1999 at Madison Square Garden alongside Marc Anthony. Following this, the official music video to "No Me Ames" is shown.
In the eleventh chapter of Feelin' So Good, appropriately entitled "First Number One Single", Lopez reveals the moment when she found out that "If You Had My Love" went number one in the United States. She then went on to discuss the events that occoured during the release week of On the 6 in "Record Release Week". Lopez then reveals how she came to record "Let's Get Loud" and her performance of the song at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup is shown. In "Jennifer's Energy", Medina discusses Lopez's ability to work at late hours of the night. Her 1999 Billboard Music Awards performance of the Hex Hector remix of "Waiting for Tonight" is then shown. Lopez then speaks of filming the music video for "Waiting for Tonight" and behind the scenes footage on set of the video is shown. She also explains how the Hex Hector remix of the song came about and the alternative music video that was created for it. A megamix video of the original and Hex Hector remix follows
. The twentieth chapter, "Jennifer's Mom", is an interview with Lopez's mother discussing what was like to see Lopez on television for the first time. Lopez then discusses her surprise to the amount of fans she had and their dedication in "Fan Support". In "Working on Record", the twenty-second chapter of Feelin' So Good, Lopez discusses the process of writing and recording the album. Lopez's sister Lynda interviews her choreographer Tina Landon on what it is like to work with her, before her 1999 Blockbuster Awards performance of "If You Had My Love" is shown. Footage is then shown of Lopez "goofing around" during a photoshoot, before the music video to her song "Baila" is shown, for the very first time. In "Film Energy vs. Music Energy" Lopez compares the difference between the fans of her movies and of her music. In the final interview footage of Feelin' So Good, Lopez explains the concept behind the music video of "Feelin' So Good" and why Big Pun and Fat Joe were chosen to be featured on the song
. The music video is then shown and is faded out into the end credits.
DVD bonus features 
Digitally remastered with Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound, the DVD edition of Feelin' So Good contains interactive menus and instant chapter access to songs. It also contains song lyrics and a biography of Lopez in both English and Spanish, as well as an exclusive photo gallery. Additionally, the video albums contains the music videos to Lopez's songs: "If You Had My Love", "Waiting for Tonight", "No Me Ames", "Feelin' So Good" and "Baila". It also contains four live televised performances by Lopez in 1999. First is her Blockbuster Movie Awards performance of "If You Had My Love", followed by her VH1 Fashion Awards performance of the Darkchild remix of "If You Had My Love". Then, her performance at the Billboard Music Awards of the Hex Hector remix of "Waiting for Tonight" and lastly her Woman's World Cup Finale performance of "Let's Get Loud".

Release and response
Release dates and formats 
Feelin' So Good was released on DVD and VHS formats in the United States on November 7, 2000 by SMV Enterprises, the home media division of Sony Corporation's music and entertainment label Sony Music Entertainment. It was then released in Canada the following week by CBS Video on DVD and VHS. In the United Kingdom, the video album received a DVD release on January 30, 2001 and a VHS release on April 30, 2001 by SMV Enterprises. Jennifer Lopez: Feelin' So Good was released on DVD in Japan on June 20, 2001 by Sony Music Records, and on DVD and VHS in France on April 8, 2002 by Sony BMG. The Region 1 cover features a black and white photo of Lopez during the photoshoot of On the 6, while the Region 2 edition features a golden hue image also taken during the photoshoot of On the 6. Feelin' So Good and Let's Get Loud were released as a two disc DVD set in France on October 20, 2003. Jennifer Lopez: Feelin' So Good was re-released on DVD in Japan on November 21, 2007.
Critical reception 
Feelin' So Good received generally favorable reviews from critics. Perry Seibert of Allmusic awarded the DVD three out of five stars, commenting that fans of Lopez will "greatly enjoy this disc", but it carries little interest to the average DVD consumer. Aaron Beierle of DVD Talk stated that: "It's interesting to watch this disc after watching Lopez in The Cell. I think it's been impressive to watch her mature as an actress; although much has been made of her supposedly demanding attitude, I think she's talented as not only a singer/dancer but as a dramatic actress – I'm sure a comedic role is right around the corner". The reviewer additionally stated that the most interesting segment of the release was the "Waiting for Tonight" music video. He concluded by stating that: "Although I'm not really a big fan of her music, I do appreciate it and found it enjoyable and entertaining to listen to throughout."

Certifications

References

Other websites
Jennifer Lopez albums
2000 albums
Compilation albums
Latin music albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Let's Get Loud is the second DVD by American singer Jennifer Lopez, released in February 2003 and recorded in Puerto Rico.

Track listing
Program Start – 0:37
"Let's Get Loud" – 4:10
"Ain't It Funny" – 11:08
"Cariño" – 6:38
"Play" – 5:43
"Feelin' So Good" – 3:41
"I'm Real" – 4:17
Dancer Introductions
Medley: "Secretly"/"Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" – 5:12
"I Could Fall in Love" – 7:01
"Si Ya Se Acabó" – 4:38
Band Introductions
Medley: "Waiting for Tonight"/"Walking on Sunshine" – 8:04
"If You Had My Love" – 7:17
"Love Don't Cost a Thing" – 5:58
"Plenarriqueña" – 5:42
End Credits – 6:56

Jennifer Lopez DVDs
The Reel Me is the third DVD by American singer Jennifer Lopez. It was released in November 2003.

Track listing

DVD 
"If You Had My Love"
"No Me Ames" (duet with Marc Anthony)
"Waiting for Tonight" (Hex Hector Remix)
"Feelin' So Good" (featuring Big Pun and Fat Joe)
"Love Don't Cost a Thing"
"Play"
"I'm Real"
"I'm Real" (Murder Remix featuring Ja Rule)
"Ain't It Funny"
"Alive"
"Ain't It Funny" (Murder Remix featuring Ja Rule and Caddillac Tah)
"I'm Gonna Be Alright" (Track Masters Remix featuring Nas)
"Jenny from the Block" (featuring Styles P and Jadakiss)
"All I Have" (featuring LL Cool J)
"I'm Glad"
"Baby I Love U!"
"Outro"

Bonus CD
"Baby I Love U!" – 4:29
"Jenny from the Block" (Seismic Crew's Latin Disco Trip) – 6:41
"All I Have" (Ignorants Mix featuring LL Cool J) – 4:03
"I'm Glad" (Paul Oakenfold Perfecto Remix) – 5:47
"The One" (Bastone & Burnz Club Mix) – 7:40
"Baby I Love U!" (R. Kelly Remix) – 4:11

2003 albums
Jennifer Lopez albums
Jennifer Lopez DVDs
The Jennifer Lopez produced dramatic mini-series "Como Ama Una Mujer" is Jennifer Lopez's first Spanish-Language TV Project. The five-part dramatic mini-series will debut on the Univision Television Network this fall.

The five episodes was released as a 2-Disc DVD set on December 18, 2007.

Jennifer Lopez expressed:

Summary 
An original production filmed in Mexico, "Como Ama Una Mujer" (How a Woman Loves) is inspired by the lyrics of Jennifer's first Spanish-language album of the same name released  in 2007. At the end of each episode, Jennifer herself will perform the theme song that inspired that episode. The five part mini-series tells the story of a woman's journey to find her true soul-mate, but with her glamorous life and professional success come heartbreak.
Characters 
 Leonor Varela (Blade II, The Tailor of Panama) portrays the lead character of Sofia, a famous singer/actress.
 Raul Mendez (Los Justos, Un Mundo Maravilloso, Matando Cabos, The Legend of Zorro) plays Diego.
 Cristián de la Fuente (Soñar No Cuesta Nada, Driven, Vampires: Los Muertos) - Andres.
 Gabriela de la Garza (Ángel, Las Alas de Amor, Belinda) plays Laura.
 Rebecca Jones (Cuna de Lobos, Dos Vidas, and Huracan) - Barbara.
 Rocío Verdejo (Los Justos, Corazón Marchito) plays Adriana.
 Martin Altomaro (Un Mundo Maravilloso, Demasiado Amor) - Paco.
 Josefo Rodríguez (Sombra del Otro, Miroslava) plays Fernando.
 Karoll Marquez (La Verdad, Cotidiano) plays Sofia's brother Nicolas.
 Luis Fernando Padilla (Destruir Dice, Mujer, Casos de la Vida Real) plays Felipe, Andres' best friend and soccer teammate.

Jennifer Lopez DVDs
Gravitational lensing is caused by a massive body between a distant object and ourselves. It can create the appearance of two or more objects where there is really only one. The light from the object gets bent round the massive body in between.

The massive body, such as a galaxy or black hole, creates a very strong gravitational field in space. The exact nature of the effect depends on:
relative distance and position between observer, lens and lightsource
size of the lens
mass inside the lens

Einstein 

Albert Einstein predicted the possibility of gravitational lensing. The discovery that our Sun bends the light of distant objects when their light passes close to it was evidence that the general theory of relativity was correct.

Types of lensing
There are three types of lensing:
strong lensing
weak lensing
microlensing
Strong lensing
Strong lensing betrays itself by producing multiple images from the same object. A well-known example is Einstein's Cross (Q2237+0305) at a distance of 8 billion lightyears. Here, the gravitational lens produces four images from the same object (a quasar), although it is only one object. The light of the quasar does not travel in a straight line to earth. Instead, it is bent along the gravitational field of a galaxy in front of it. This galaxy is at a distance of 400 million lightyears.

The first discovery of this kind (except the Sun) happened in 1979. Two quasars were close to each other. They both had the same spectrum and proved to be two images of the same quasar (Q0957+651). In 1980 scientists found out which group of galaxies functioned as the lens.

Weak lensing
Weak lensing

Weak lensing does not produce multiple images of the same object. Instead it produces a highly deformed or stretched image from an object far beyond the lens. In 1986 this was discovered in cluster Abell 370. Later it was understood that this was a greatly deformed image of a galaxy far beyond the cluster. 

The object can appear larger or smaller, as is shown in the table. Weak lenses allow us to observe very distant galaxies, which we would be unable to observe without such lens. By bending the light, the amount of light (magnitude) from the source increases. This way a very distant and faint galaxy can become visible, while we normally would not be able to observe it.
Microlensing
In cases of microlensing, there is no distortion in shape. However, the amount of light visible from an object changes periodically. This can be used to detect exoplanets. Light from a distant star is bent and enhanced by the gravitational field of a closer star. The presence of an exo-planet rotating around that closer star bends the light of the star farther away periodically. Object OGLE-2005-BLG-390-Lb, discovered 25 January 2006, is the first exoplanet detected by using microlensing.

Astrophysics
Relativity
Basic physics ideas
Galaxies
Gravitation
Cosmology
Lasse Lindh (born 27 March 1974) is a Swedish indie pop musician. His first album, Bra, came out on EMI in 1998. It had three singles which made the charts in Sweden. Lindh began singing in English for his second album, You Wake Up at Sea Tac . The title is a reference to a line in Fight Club. The album  was released in 2002. Lindh's relationship with South Korea dates back to 2006. His songs "The Stuff" and "C'mon Through" were used in the MBC TV series Soulmate. In 2014, his song "Run to You" was used in the SBS drama Angel Eyes. In 2016-2017, his song "Hush" was used in the Korean drama Guardian: The Lonely and Great God. His most recent album is in  Swedish. Lindh has sang on the recordings of Club 8.

His most recent album is Sparks. It was released in 2009.

Albums
 Bra (1998) 
 You Wake Up at Sea Tac (2002) 
 Lasse Lindh (2005) 
 Attica EP (2006) 
 Jag Tyckte Jag Var Glad (2007) 
 When You Grow Old... Your Heart Dies (2007)
 Pool (2008)
 Sparks (2009)
Singles 
 Svenska hjärtan (2005)
 Sommarens sista smak   (2005)
 Radion spelar aldrig våran sång (2006)
 Du skär (2006)
 Varje litet steg (2007) 
 Ingen vind kan blåsa omkull oss nu (2007) 
 Du behöver aldrig mer vara rädd  (2008)
 Kom kampsång (with Timo Räisänen) (2008)

References

Other websites
 
 MySpace.com Blog

Pop musicians
1974 births
Living people
Swedish musicians
Glen Hansard (born 21 April 1970 in Dublin, Ireland) is the main songwriter and singer/guitarist for Irish rock group The Frames. He is also known for starring in the movie Once and co-writing its Academy Award-winning song, "Falling Slowly."

Career
Hansard quit school at age 13 to begin busking on local Dublin streets. He formed The Frames in 1990, and they have been an important part of the Irish music scene ever since. Their first album, Another Love Song, was released on Island Records in 1991, and their most recent, The Cost, was released in 2006.

Hansard first came to international attention as guitar player Outspan Foster in the 1991 Alan Parker movie The Commitments, after attending the New York movie Academy School of Acting. He has often stated that he regretted taking the role, because he felt it distracted from his music career.

In 2003, he presented the television programme Other Voices: Songs from a Room, which showcased Irish music talent on RTÉ.