Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sudan's people liberation army (SPLA) and Sudan's people liberation movement is a political party in South Sudan. It was founded as a resistance movement / rebel group in 1963. As Sudan's people liberation army, it fought against the Sudanese government, in the Sudanese Civil War. This war ended in 2005. Officially, the movement wanted to create a free secular Sudan, which it called "New Sudan". In reality, however, many people in the movement wanted to create an independent state, South Sudan. In 2005, there was a peace treaty. From that moment, until 2011, the SPLM was part of the Sudanese government. Since the independence of South Sudan in 2011, the SPLM is de facto the only party in the country. In the south, the SPLA will become the regular army. In the north, the SPLM is still part of the government. In the provinces South Kordofan and Blue Nile, the SPLA is one of the armies fighting the government. 

Sudan
Political parties in Africa
Nationalist organizations in Africa
Nancy Ann Grace (born October 23, 1959 in Macon, Georgia) is an American TV host, attorney and author. She hosts a celebrity TV show (also titled as Nancy Grace Live). She often discusses issues from what she calls a victim rights' standpoint.

References 

Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
American television presenters
Journalists from Georgia (U.S. state)
New York University alumni
Television personalities from Georgia (U.S. state)
1959 births
Living people
The shaheen falcon (Falco peregrinus peregrinator) is also known as the Indian peregrine falcon, Other names are the black shaheen, Pakistani shaheen, or simply the shaheen.

It is a non-migratory subspecies of the peregrine falcon found mainly in hilly and mountainous regions of the Indian subcontinent and the nearby island of Sri Lanka. In Pakistani literature, the shaheen has a special association with the poetry of the country's national poet, Allama Muhammad Iqbal. The Pakistan Air Force has as a symbol and in Gilgit-Baltistan it is the unofficial bird of the region.

References

National symbols of Pakistan
Birds of Asia
Falconiformes
Stephen Báthory (27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was a Hungarian Prince of Transylvania (1571–1586), then King of Poland (1576–1586) and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586).

The son of Stephen VIII Báthory and a member of the Báthory family. He was married to Queen Anna Jagiellon and worked closely with Chancellor Jan Zamoyski. During his reign, he focused on consolidating power, defeating rivals like Maximilian II, the Holy Roman Emperor, and quelling rebellions, including the Danzig rebellion. He had a successful reign, especially in military matters. His most significant accomplishment was his victorious campaign against Russia in Livonia, where he defended the Commonwealth's borders and secured a favorable peace treaty called the Peace of Jam Zapolski.

Early life 

Stephen Báthory was born on 27 September 1533, in Szilágysomlyó, Hungary. His father was Stephen VIII Báthory, and mother was Catherine Telegdi. He had two brothers and three sisters.
Around 1549–1550, he was studied in Italy. He later joined the army of the Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and fought against the Turks. He was captured by the Turks after 1553, and when Ferdinand I refused to pay his ransom, he switched sides, supporting John II Sigismund Zápolya in his quest for power in Eastern Hungary Kingdom. Báthory took on various roles as a feudal lord, military commander, and diplomat during this time. At one point, he was put under house arrest in Vienna for two years, causing him to fall out of favor at Zápolya's court. However, he still held influence and was considered a potential successor to Zápolya.
After Zápolya died in 1571, Báthory became the Voivode of Transylvania through an election by the Transylvanian peoples. He had to deal with opposition from Gáspár Bekes, who had support from the Habsburgs. In 1573, Báthory successfully defeated Bekes in a civil war and forced him out of Transylvania. He then worked to navigate a balance between the Ottomans and the Holy Roman Empire to make Transylvania stronger.

References

Bibliography 

 

1533 births
1586 deaths
Hungarian nobility
Kings of Poland
Transylvania
Lithuanian people
"Girl You Know It's True" is a 1988 song by Milli Vanilli. The song hit #3 in the United Kingdom and #2 in the United States. In 1989, while the duo performed the song during a concert in Connecticut, the record skipped and revealed a case of lip synching. This created controversy and eventually led to the end of Milli Vanilli in 1990.

Pop songs
1988 songs
Milli Vanilli songs
Nanda Devi () is the highest mountain in the Republic of India. It is also the national mountain of the nation. It is holy to the Hindus, source of the Ganges river.

Nanda Devi lies in the state of Uttarakhand.

Biosphere reserves
Himalayas
Mountains of India
Uttarakhand
National symbols of India
Pope Benedict XV (; , 21 November 1854 – 22 January 1922), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 259th Pope from 1914 until his death in 1922.

His pontificate was largely overshadowed by World War I.

Priest
Della Chiesa was ordained a priest on 21 December 1878.

Bishop
Pope Pius X made della Chiesa Bishop of Bologna in 1907.

Cardinal
On 25 May 1914, Giacomo della Chiesa was created a cardinal.

Pope 
Cardinal Della Chiesa was elected pope in 1914; and he chose to be called Benedict XV.

Joan of Arc was canonized by Benedict.

Benedict made efforts to encourage peace in World War I. He refused to denounce either side. In 1918, Pope Benedict was excluded from the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, despite his entreaties to be made part of the talks.

Benedict XV helped develop a Code of Canon Law.

Benedict XV was the fourth Pope since the Kingdom of Italy took possession of Rome.
The last years of his papacy were concerned with making sure that the Church could still function smoothly in the newly changed borders of Europe.

Death and legacy
Benedict XV fell ill with pneumonia in early January 1922. He died on 22 January 1922.  The Italian Government lowered its flags in his honor; Benedict was the first pope to be honored in this way.

In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI explained why he chose the name Benedict: 
"... I remember Pope Benedict XV, that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples."

Related pages
 List of popes

References

More reading
 Peters, Walter H. (1959). The Life of Benedict XV.  Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing. OCLC 625633
 Pollard, John F. (1999). The Unknown Pope. London: Geoffrey Chapman. ;  OCLC 60158637

Other websites
Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Benedict XV
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal della Chiesa
  Vatican webpage, Benedict XV,   biography 
  Saint Peter's Basilica, Tomb of Benedict XV

Italian popes
1854 births
1922 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Chak Haryam () is a village, near Islamgarh in the Chakswari tehsil of the Mirpur District in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

Demography 

According to 1998 census of Pakistan, its population was 973.

History 

Like many villages in the Mirpur region, many of its residents have emigrated to the United Kingdom.

References 

Villages in Azad Kashmir
The Cardigans are a Swedish pop rock group that started in October 1992. Their debut studio album Emmerdale gave them very strong base in Sweden. However, it was not until their 1995 album Life was released that an international reputation was secured. Their popularity really soared in 1996 when the song Lovefool was released. They've carried other hit songs in addition to that. The group went on hiatus in 2006.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1990s Swedish music groups
2000s Swedish music groups
2010s Swedish music groups
Musical groups established in 1992
Swedish rock music groups
Les Invalides is a landmark in Paris, France. It was built between 1670 and 1676 as a place for retirement of French war veterans. It consists of several buildings. It was also used as a burial place for French marshals and generals. Les Invalides is best known for housing the tomb of Napoleon Bonaparte. Nowadays, the complex houses the Museum of Arms, the Museum of Contemporary History, and the Museum of Plains-Reliefs.

Buildings and structures in Paris
Rakia is a Turkish brandy made from fermented fruit. 

It is very popular in North Macedonia and Bulgaria. It can be made from different fruits.

Rakia is а national drink of Turkey.

Overview 
Rakia is an alcoholic drink similar to Brandy. Usually, it has 40% of alcohol, but home-made rakia can be stronger and have from 50 to 60%.

The most common form of Rakia is made from plum, but grapes, peaches, apricots, apples, pears, cherries, figs are also used.

People drink Rakia  from small glasses of 30 to 50 ml.

Other websites
Rakia drink

References 

Alcoholic spirits
Swimming is the movement of the body through water using arms and legs. People can swim in the sea, swimming pools, rivers and lakes. People swim for exercise, for fun, and as a sport. There are several styles of swimming, known as "strokes", including: front crawl, breaststroke, freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke.

Swimming works all the muscles simultaneously. It is impact free. It also builds up stamina.

Styles of swimming 
There are several styles in swimming. Some of them are:

 Front crawl: Fastest and most efficient technique; also called freestyle, because swimmers use it in freestyle events.
 Backstroke: Only stroke that is swum on the back with the swimmer looking up; uses the same leg movements (flutter kick) as crawl.
 Breaststroke: One of the easiest and most relaxing strokes; competitive swimmers find it difficult because it uses more energy when swum at a fast pace.
 Butterfly: Powerful and fast; relies on good technique; uses the dolphin kick; the hardest and least popular stroke.
Competitive swimming
The goal of competitive swimming is to improve speed, and to beat other competitors in events. An athlete goes through several stages of training. At the beginning, the body is overloaded with work. The workload becomes less closer to the date of the competition. This final stage is often referred to as "shave and taper"; the swimmer tapering downs his or her workload to be able to perform at their optimal level. At the end of this stage, before competition, the swimmer shaves off all exposed hair and dead skin. Often confused within shaving, swimmers shave to rid the skin of dead skin cells to expose sensitive skin to the water. The effect of shaving is a decrease in drag from hair and an increase in the sensation of "feeling" the water.

Equipment
Sometimes equipment is used when swimming, and can include:
Fins: rubber or plastic and are worn on the foot.
 Kickboard: keeps the upper body afloat; allows the swimmer to concentrate on kicking correctly
 Pull buoy: foam float that swimmers hold between their thighs to keep the lower body high and flat; helps to learn the arm and upper body movements
Swimming Suits: These are made from a special fabric and used in swimming

Related pages
 Aquatic locomotion deals with animals swimming.

References

 
Fitness
 
Animal locomotion
"One Step at a Time", released in 2008, became the third single off Jordin Sparks' first album. This song reached #17 on Billboard Hot 100. It hit #3 on the R&B charts in the USA.

2008 songs
Pop songs
R&B songs
Jordin Sparks songs
John Lester Hubbard Chafee (October 22, 1922 – October 24, 1999) was an American politician. He was an officer in the United States Marine Corps. He was the 66th Governor of Rhode Island. He was the Secretary of the Navy. He was a United States Senator.

Chafee was born on October 22, 1922 in Providence, Rhode Island. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard Law School. Chafee was married to Virginia Coates until his death in 1999. They had six children; one daughter was killed in an racing accident.

Chafee died suddenly on October 24, 1999 from congestive heart failure in his home in Washington, D.C., aged 77. He is buried at Chafee Family Cemetery in Warwick, Rhode Island.

Chafee's son, Lincoln, is a former governor and former senator of Rhode Island.

References

Other websites

 John Chafee at Find A Grave
1922 births
1999 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Episcopalians
Governors of Rhode Island
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
People from Warwick, Rhode Island
United States Secretaries of the Navy
United States senators from Rhode Island
Yale University alumni
Military people from Rhode Island
Dwight Arrington Myers (May 24, 1967 – November 8, 2011), better known by his stage name Heavy D,  was a Jamaican-born American rapper, singer, actor, and musician. He was born in Mandeville, Jamaica and raised in Mount Vernon, New York, United States. He began his music career in the late 1980s and founded his hip hop group, Heavy D and the Boyz. The group were affiliated with East Coast hip hop music.

He died in Los Angeles, California from a pulmonary embolism as a result of diabetes.

1967 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Deaths from diabetes
Jamaican singers
Singers from New York (state)
Rappers from New York (state)
Actors from New York (state)
Biological control, or biological pest control, is the reduction of pest populations by using natural enemies. It is important because crop pests become resistant to chemical pesticides.

Natural enemies of insect pests include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Biological control agents of weeds include herbivores and plant pathogens. Predators, such as birds, lady beetles and lacewings, are free-living species that eat many prey during their lifetime. 

Parasitoids are species whose larvae develop on or in a single insect host, ultimately killing or fatally infecting the host. Most have a very narrow host range. Many species of wasps and some flies are parasitoids. 

Pathogens are disease-causing organisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They kill or debilitate their host and are relatively specific.

Three strategies 
There are three basic types of biological control strategies; conservation, classical biological control, and augmentation.
Conservation: Avoid using pesticides, which kill the natural enemies of the pests. Encourage the growth of those things which attack the pests. Use companion planting where possible. In China, the mosquito fern has been used for at least a thousand years, as a companion plant for rice crops. It hosts a special cyanobacteria that fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere, and also blocks out light from competing plants (but not the rice, which grows taller).
Classical biological control: This is the introduction of natural enemies to a new area where they did not originate or do not occur naturally. Thereafter, the predator lives as a natural part of the habitat, reproducing and killing the pest species. This method is especially effective when the pest is itself an invasive or introduced species in the area. Free of its natural enemies, the pest multiplies to huge numbers. The introduction from its homeland of an enemy or two can be very successful. One example is the use of Larinus planus to control the Canada thistle.

Augmentation: This is the release of numbers of natural enemies at specific times. These predators are natural parts of the ecosystem, but are released in such numbers as to overwhelm the pest at some critical time. Stocks of the predator are got from commercial suppliers.
An early example 
A Chinese text from 304 AD, Records of the plants and trees of the southern regions, by Hsi Han, describes mandarin oranges protected by large reddish-yellow citrus ants. The ants attack and kill insect pests of the orange trees. The citrus ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) was rediscovered in the 20th century, and now is again used in China to protect orange groves.

References 

Agriculture
Ecology
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (11 February 1938 – 29 May 2017) was a Panamanian politician and general. 

Noriega went to high school and had a career in the army. He was the de facto ruler of Panama between 12 August 1983 and 20 December 1989. In 1992, a United States court convicted him of drug trafficking, racketeering, and money laundering. Noriega served a prison sentence in the US, which ended in 2007. He was then extradited to France, where he served another sentence.

A conditional release was given to him on September 23, 2011. Noriega was sent to Panama to serve 20 years. He arrived in Panama on December 11, 2011.

Noriega died at a medical center in Panama City on 29 May 2017 from complications of brain surgery at the age of 83.

References

1938 births
2017 deaths
Drug traffickers
Former dictators
Generals
Heads of state
North American military people
North American politicians
Panamanian politicians
People convicted of drug offenses
Prisoners
Extradition
Sosigenes of Alexandria was an astronomer in the 1st century BC. Julius Caesar consulted him, and other astrologers, before introducing the Julian calendar. Sosigenes also influenced Caesar's writing "De astris", but only parts of it remain. Pliny the Elder wrote In his Natural History that Sosigenes observed that the planet Mercury never had an elongation angle greater than 22 degrees from the sun.

References 

Ancient Greek astronomers
The Auld Alliance (Scots) () is
an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. It played a major role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 until the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except for Louis XI. By the late 14th century, the treaty was renewed even when France or Scotland was not at war with England.

The alliance dates from the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The treaty said that if either country was attacked by England, the other country would invade England. That happened at the Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. The alliance played an important role in conflicts between both countries and England, such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai and the Rough Wooing.

Legacy
Legacy 

In a speech which he delivered in Edinburgh in June 1942, Charles de Gaulle described the alliance between Scotland and France as "the oldest alliance in the world":
In every combat where for five centuries the destiny of France was at stake, there were always men of Scotland to fight side by side with men of France, and what Frenchmen feel is that no people have ever been more generous than yours with its friendship.
In 1995, celebrations were held in both countries for the 700th anniversary of the beginning of the alliance.

References

History of Scotland
History of France
13th century in Europe
14th century in Europe
15th century in Europe
16th century in Europe
Berwick-upon-Tweed (historically known as South Berwick) is a border town in the north of England.

Berwick may also refer to:

Places

Australia 
Berwick, Victoria

Canada 
Berwick, Nova Scotia

United Kingdom

England 
Berwick Street Market, London
Berwick, Sussex
Berwick (Sussex) railway station
Berwick St John, Wiltshire

Scotland 
North Berwick, East Lothian, Scotland
Berwick Law, a hill situated to the south of the town
County of Berwick, a historic county in south-east Scotland

United States 
Berwick, Iowa
Berwick, Louisiana
Berwick, Maine, a town
Berwick (CDP), Maine, a census-designated place within the town
Berwick, Pennsylvania
Berwick Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania
People
Andrew Berwick, anglicised pseudonym of Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik
Baron Berwick, a title
Berwick (cricketer) (first name unknown)
Dennison Berwick (born 1956), author
Donald Berwick (born 1947), American professor of pediatrics and health care policy
Duke of Berwick, a title in the Peerage of England
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670–1734)
Jeff Berwick (born 1970), Canadian businessperson and adventurer
Kester Berwick (1903–1992), Australian actor, playwright, and author
Nicola Berwick, (born in 1978) stunt actress
Stephan Berwick (born 1964), American author, martial artist, and actor
William Edward Hodgson Berwick (1888–1944), English mathematician
Other uses
Berwick (automobile), an electric car produced in 1904
Berwick Academy, a private college preparatory school located in South Berwick, Maine
Berwick cockle, a confectionery from Berwick upon Tweed
Berwick Prize in mathematics, named for William Edward Hodgson Berwick
Berwick Rangers F.C., a football team
HMS Berwick, the name of a number of Royal Navy ships
Aepyornis is an Elephant bird, one of three genera of ratite birds endemic to Madagascar until their extinction about 1000 A.D. The species "A". maximus weighed up to , and until recently was regarded as the largest known bird of all time. However, in 2018 the largest Aepyornis specis, weighing up to , was moved to the related genus Vorombe.

References

Ratites
Fossils
Megafauna
Extinct birds
Sosigenes the Peripatetic was a philosopher who lived in the 2nd century AD. He followed the Aristotelian school of thought, and was one of the first people to write interpretations and commentaries to Aristotle's work.

He was the tutor of Alexander of Aphrodisias, and wrote a work On Revolving Spheres. On 4th September 164 AD, he watched an 'annular' solar eclipse. He noticed that, unlike a total solar eclipse, the apparent size of the moon was smaller than that of the sun. This meant the distances between the sun, moon and earth were not the same at different eclipses. For this reason, sun and moon could not be on a circular movement around the same centre.

This was a significant discovery. It pinpointed a difficulty with the theory that the earth was the centre of the known universe. Much later, Nicolaus Copernicus used the same idea when he proposed a heliocentric view. In this view, the earth, moon and the planets rotate around the sun, which does not move.

Ancient Greek astronomers
Lara Flynn Boyle (born March 24, 1970 in Davenport, Iowa) is an American movie and television actress. She is known for many movie roles. She is best known for her roles in television programs. Her television work includes The Practice and Twin Peaks.

1970 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Davenport, Iowa
Harriet Arbuthnot (10 September 1793 – 2 August 1834) was an English diarist, a social observer and a political hostess on behalf of the Tory Party during the 1820s. She was the closest female friend to the hero of the Battle of Waterloo and British Prime Minister, 1st Duke of Wellington.

1793 births
1834 deaths
English writers
Diarists
Jos Luhukay (born 13 June 1963 in Venlo, Netherlands) is a Dutch football coach and former player. He played for different teams in Germany and the Netherlands. After the end of his career he became coach. Since 2016 he is coach of VfB Stuttgart.

1963 births
Living people
Dutch football managers
Dutch footballers
People from Venlo
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
KFC Uerdingen 05 managers
Hertha BSC managers
SC Paderborn 07 managers
VfB Stuttgart managers
Pope Sixtus V (; 13 December 1520 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 228th Pope from 1585 to 1590.

Early life
Felice Peretti was born in December 15250 at Grottammare  in the province of Ascoli Piceno.

Monk
In 1547, Peretti was ordained.

Peretti became a Franciscan; and in 1560, he became Apostolic vicar of his order.

In 1565, Pope Pius IV assigned Peretti to work with Cardinal Buoncompagni (who would become Pope Gregory XIII); but they did not work well together.

Bishop
In 1566 Pope Pius V made Peretti Bishop of Sant' Agata dei Goti in the Kingdom of Naples.

Cardinal
In 1570, Peretti was raised to the rank of cardinal.

After the election of Gregory XIII, Peretti withdrew from public activities.

Pope
Cardinal di Montalto was elected pope in 1585; and he chose the name Sixtus V.
During the reign of Sixtus V, the dome of St Peter's Basilica was completed;. The external dome was covered with lead and the bands were covered with bronze gilt.

A building for the Vatican Library was constructed.

The investment in public works included the loggia of Sixtus in the Basilica of St. John Lateran; the chapel of the Praesepe in Santa Maria Maggiore; additions and repairs to the Quirinal Palace, Lateran Palace and Vatican Palace; the erection of four obelisks (including the one in the Piazza of St Peter's; the opening of six streets; and the restoration of the aqueduct of Severus (Acqua Felice).

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Sixtus V
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Peretti Montalto 

Italian popes
1520 births
1590 deaths
Franciscans
Lacewings, or 'Green lacewings', are insects in the large family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera. There are about 85 genera and (differing between sources) 1,300–2,000 species in this widespread group. However, in America and Europe, the two genera Chrysopa and Chrysoperla are very common.

Most species of lacewings and their larvae are active predators, and are often used for biological control. 

Many adults of Chrysopa can defend themselves by giving out a vile smell from glands at the front of their thorax.
They have 'ears' at the base of their front wings. When they hear bat echolocation sounds, they close their wings and drop down. They can escape spider webs, because, being so light, they  do not create much vibration to alert the spider. Instead of struggling like most insects, the lacewing bites through the strands holding its legs and antennae. When it is stuck only by its wings, it become completely immobile. Slowly, the lacewing slides downwards out of the web. Tiny hairs on the wings prevent the sticky spider silk from touching the wings' surface. 

The larvae are voracious, attacking other insects of suitable size, especially soft-bodied ones (aphids, caterpillars and other insect larvae, insect eggs). When they touch a potential prey object, the larva grasps it. Their maxillae are hollow, and inject a digestive secretion into the prey. The organs of an aphid can be dissolved by this in 90 seconds.

References 

Neuroptera
Pope Sixtus may mean:
 Pope Sixtus I (115/116–125)
 Pope Sixtus II (257–258)
 Pope Sixtus III (432–440)
 Pope Sixtus IV (1471–1484)
 Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590)

Sixtus
Dame Emma Thompson  (born 15 April 1959) is a British screenwriter, actress and comedian. She was born in Paddington, London, the elder daughter of Eric Thompson and Phyllida Law. She was raised in West Hampstead. Her sister is Sophie Thompson.  

Thompson has a Master of Arts degree from Newnham College, Cambridge.

She has won many Academy Awards for her acting. Her many movies include the Harry Potter franchise and the Nancy McPhee series. She has also won many BAFTA Awards.

Thompson was married to Kenneth Branagh from 1989 until they divorced in 1995. She has been married to Greg Wise since 2003.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1959 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Academy Award winning writers
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
BAFTA Award winning actors
British screenwriters
British television writers
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning writers
People from Hampstead
Screenwriters from London
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
"What's Love Got to Do with It" is the second single released in May 1984. It is from Tina Turner's album, Private Dancer. The song is a pop rock and soul song written by Graham Lyle and Terry Britten.  Britten produced the song.

It became Turner's most successful song. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, in Australia, and  the top five in New Zealand, Austria, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The title of this song was used for a 1993 biographical movie that was distributed by TriStar Pictures.

A remix of the song was released on July 17, 2020 by Norwegian DJ Kygo.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

All-time charts

References

1984 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Tina Turner songs
Cliff Richard songs
Kygo songs
Little Children is a 2006 drama movie based on the novel of the same name. Actress Kate Winslet plays a reluctant housewife and mother from Boston in the film.

Cast
 Kate Winslet as Sarah Pierce
 Patrick Wilson as Brad Adamson
 Jennifer Connelly as Katherine "Kathy" Adamson
 Jackie Earle Haley as Ronald "Ronnie" James McGorvey
 Noah Emmerich as Larry Hedges
 Phyllis Somerville as May McGorvey
 Gregg Edelman as Richard Pierce
 Ty Simpkins as Aaron Adamson
 Sadie Goldstein as Lucy Pierce
 Jane Adams as Sheila
 Raymond J. Barry as Bullhorn Bob
 Trini Alvarado as Theresa
 Marsha Dietlein as Cheryl
 Mary B. McCann as Mary Ann
 Rebecca Schull as Laurel
 Chadwick Brown as Tony Correnti
 Adam Mucci as Richie Murphy
 Chance Kelly as Pete Olaffson
 Lola Pashalinski as Bridget
 Hunter Reid as Christian
 Sarah Buxton as Slutty Kay
 Will Lyman (uncredited) as Narrator
 Thomas Greaney as Troy

Reception
Reviews of Little Children were mostly positive.  The movie got an 80% rating from the Rotten Tomatoes.
Top ten lists
Little Children was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

 1st – Kevin Crust, Los Angeles Times
 2nd – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
 3rd – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
 3rd – Dennis Harvey, Variety
 4th – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
 4th – J.R. Jones, Chicago Reader
 5th – Peter Hartlaub, San Francisco Chronicle
 6th – Frank Scheck, The Hollywood Reporter
 8th – Shawn Levy, Portland Oregonian
 9th – A.O. Scott, New York Times
 10th – William Arnold, Seattle Post-Intelligencer
 10th – Richard Schickel, Time
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Carina Chocano, Los Angeles Times
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Ruthe Stein, San Francisco Chronicle
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
 Best of 2006 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – David Denby, The New Yorker

Accolades

References

2006 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
American independent movies
Pierre Gamarra (Toulouse, July 10, 1919 – Argenteuil, May 20, 2009) was a French writer. He was a poet and novelist. He is famous for his poems and novels for the children. Pierre Gamarra also worked for a literary magazine, Europe.

Life
Gamarra was born in Toulouse in 1919. From 1938 to 1940, he was a teacher in the south of France. He became a journalist in 1944.

In 1948, he received an international prize for his novel The Fiery House.

In 1951, he began working for the literary magazine Europe.

Gamarra died in 2009 in Argenteuil, near Paris, at age 89.

Books 
Most of Gamarra's novels are set in the southwest of France. That is the region where he was born.

Gamarra's books are not yet translated into English. His poems are well known by French schoolchildren. Examples are My Schoolbag () or The Cosmonaut and his host ().
Sources
 Interview with Pierre Gamarra: Tohoku University Faculty of Letters Bulletin, 27 (Year 2006), Sendai, Japan
 Encyclopedia Britannica: "Children's literature"
 Encyclopedia Universalis: "Pierre Gamarra"

1919 births
2009 deaths
Children's writers
French novelists
French poets
Writers from Toulouse
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the front part of the frontal lobes of the brain. It lies in front of the motor and premotor areas.

This brain region helps plan complex cognitive behaviours, personality expression, and decision making. It helps correct social behaviour. The basic activity of this brain region is to bring together thoughts and actions to help achieve internal goals.

The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex area is executive function. This is the ability to work out conflicting thoughts. It determines good and bad, better and best, same and different, consequences of current activities, working toward a goal, prediction of outcomes, and expectation of results. Critical is 'social control': the ability to suppress urges which, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes.

Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
A pest is an animal which harms humans or human concerns. It is a loosely defined term; it overlaps with the terms vermin, weeds, parasites and pathogens. In its broadest sense, a pest is a competitor of humanity.

Top ten pests 
According to BBC News Science & Environment, these are among the top ten pests of plants:  Fungi are prominent in their list, and it is more usual to call them pathogens.
Desert locust Schistocerca gregaria
Rubber blight Microcyclus ulei
Corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Potato blight Phytophthora infestans, an Oomycete
Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium
Mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae
Wheat stem rust Puccinia graminis tritici
Colorado beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Serious beetle pests 
Emerald ash borer
Boll weevil
Maize weevil
cotton weevil:

References 

Biology
António Egas Moniz (António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz, 29 November 1874 – 13 December 1955), known as Egas Moniz, was a Portuguese neurologist.

He developed cerebral angiography, a technique to visualise the blood vessels in and around the brain. This technique is widely used today. He also developed the surgical procedure leucotomy, also known as lobotomy. This technique is now rarely used.

Antonio Egas is highly regarded.  More commonly, Gottlieb Burckhardt is regarded as the founder of modern psychosurgery.  He became the first Portuguese national to receive a Nobel Prize when, in 1949, he shared it with Walter Rudolf Hess.

He held academic positions, wrote many medical articles and also served in several legislative and diplomatic posts in the Portuguese government. In 1911 he became professor of neurology in Lisbon until his retirement in 1944. At the same time, he pursued a demanding political career.

References 

1874 births
1955 deaths
Portuguese scientists
Neurologists
Puddle of Mudd is an American rock band from Kansas City, Missouri. Puddle of Mudd has five members in the band; the current band members are Wes Scantlin, Paul Phillips, Doug Ardito, Shannon Boone and Dizzi Devereux.

Band members 

Current
Wes Scantlin – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1992-1999, 2000–present)
Doug Ardito – bass guitar, backing vocals (2000–2010, 2011–present)
Paul Phillips – lead guitar (2000–2005), (2009–present)
Dizzi Devereux – guitar (2011–present)
Shannon Boone – drums (2011–present)

Former
Ryan Yerdon – drums (2005–2011)
Damien Starkey – bass guitar, backing vocals (2010)
Christian Stone – lead guitar, backing vocals (2006–2009)
Jimmy Allen – lead guitar (2005–2006)
Greg Upchurch – drums (2000–2005; 2011 [studio only])
Sean Sammon - bass (1992–2000)
Kenny Burkitt - drums (1992–2000)

Discography

Studio albums
Come Clean (2001)
Life on Display (2003)
Famous (2007)
Volume 4: Songs in the Key of Love & Hate (2009)
Welcome to Galvania (2019)

EPs
Stuck (1994)
EPs
Stuck (1994)

Compilation albums
Best of Puddle of Mudd (2010)

References

Other websites 
Official website

American hard rock bands
Grunge bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Missouri
Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 222nd Pope from February 1550 until his death in 1555.

Early life
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Rome in 1487.  

Ciocchi del Monte studied law at the University of Perugia and the University of Siena.

Bishop
In 1512, Ciocchi del Monte became Archbishop of Siponto (Manfredonia) in Apulia.

Inm 1520, he was made Bishop of Pavia.

Cardinal
Pope Paul III made Ciocchi del Monte a Cardinal in 1536.  He became Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina in 1543. 

He participated in the Council of Trent.

Pope
Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte was elected pope on 7 February 1550.

Pope Julius was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Pope Julius re-opened the Council of Trent.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Bibliography
Bibliography
  
  

 Bayle, Pierre. "Jules III." Dictionnaire historique et critique. Vol. 15. Paris: Desoer, 1820.
 Burkle-Young, Francis A., and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer. The Life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte: A Scandal in Scarlet. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997.
 Dall'Orto, Giovanni. "Julius III." Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Antiquity to World War II. Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon, eds. London: Routledge, 2001. 234-35.
 Kelly, J. N. D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Other websites

  Catholic Hierarchy, Julius III
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte 

People from Rome
Italian popes
1487 births
1555 deaths
Pope Julius could refer to:

Pope Julius I (337–352)
Pope Julius II, (1503–1513), known as "the Warrior Pope"
Pope Julius III (1550–1555)

Julius
Pope Celestine IV (; died 10 November 1241 in Rome), born Goffredo Castiglione, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 180th Pope for two weeks from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241.

Early life
Goffredo Castiglione was born in Milan, but the date of birth is unknown.

Castiglione became a Cistercian monk.

Cardinal
Pope Gregory IX made Castiglione a cardinal on September 18, 1227. 

In 1238, he was made Bishop of Sabina.

Pope
Cardinal Castiglione was elected on October 25, 1241; and he chose to be called Pope Celestine IV.  His reign lasted only seventeen days.

After his death
He died on November 10, 1241; and he was buried in St Peter's. The exact location of his tomb has been lost.

Related pages
 List of popes
List of popes by length of reign

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope in sequence
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Castiglione 

Italian popes
12th-century births
Celestine IV
Natalie Wood (July 20, 1938 – November 29, 1981) was an American actress.

Early life
Natalie Wood's parents were Russian immigrants Nikolai Stepanovich Zakharenko and Maria Stepanovna. Her parents moved to Santa Rosa, California. The family moved to Los Angeles. Wood began a career there. Her younger sister, Svetlana Zacharenko also became an actress using the stage name Lana Wood.

Career
In the 1950s, Wood became a teen idol. When she shot the movie Rebel Without a Cause with James Dean, she was 16 years old. She got an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for the role as Judy in this movie. She got a Golden Globe Award nomination in the category New Star Of The Year – Actress.

Her most successful role was as "Maria" in the movie West Side Story in 1961.

Personal life
Wood was married to Robert Wagner from 1957 to 1962. She was married to Richard Gregson for a short time. They had a daughter, Natasha Gregson Wagner. In 1972, Wood and Wagner married again.
Death
In 1981, Wood worked on the movie Brainstorm with Christopher Walken. During a boat trip with Walken and her husband Robert Wagner, she drowned near Santa Catalina Island, California. She is buried in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

Other websites 

Accidental deaths by drowning in the United States
Actors from San Francisco
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1938 births
1981 deaths
The Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium), which originated in South Asia, is one of the world’s most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world.  Infestations are difficult to control because of the insect's ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and low-moisture food, and its resistance to many insecticides. There is a federal quarantine restricting the importation of rice into the U.S,. from countries with known infestations of the beetle.

References 

Polyphaga
Agricultural pests
The Wyandot people (also called Wendats or Huron) are a tribe of Native Americans. Samuel de Champlain traded fur with them. In the 17th and 18th centuries they were allies of New France, and enemies of the Iroquois and New Netherland and New York.

The Wyandots signed the Treaty of Detroit on November 17 in the year 1807. They signed it with other Native Americans from three other tribes called the Odawa, Ojibwe and Potawatomi. The tribes gave up areas of Michigan and Ohio to the United States to own.

References

Native Americans
Occupy movement are an international protest group which are directed against social or economic inequality. The movement model itself after the New York City based movement network Occupy Wall Street. These protests were ongoing all across the world in 2011.

2010s protests
2011
Political movements
A multivalued function (multifunction) is a relation like a function.  A multifunction associates each input with at least one output.  A strict function associates each input with exactly one output.  An example of a multivalued function is the square root.  Every complex number (except for 0), has two square roots.  Example:  could be 2 or -2 because  and .

References 

Functions and mappings
Lambda expression may mean:

Anonymous function
Lambda calculus: an expression in λ calculus.
Ball Arena is a sports arena in Denver, Colorado. The arena opened on October 1, 1999, and is the current home to the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). Ball Corporation currently has naming rights for the arena. The arena currently seats 19,155 for basketball and 18,007 for hockey and lacrosse.

The arena had opened as Pepsi Center after PepsiCo bought the naming rights. The rights contract expired in 2020, and a new deal was signed with Ball Corporation, a company based in nearby Broomfield that makes packaging and aerospace products.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Sports in Denver
Buildings and structures in Colorado
1999 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Colorado
Colorado Avalanche
Tacit programming (or point-free programming) is the style of programming functions where the parameter is not mentioned.  Instead, the functions are defined using combinators and higher-level abstractions like map (which applies a function to each element of a list). It is commonly used in functional programming languages like Haskell.

Related pages
 Anonymous function
 Function (mathematics)
 Lambda calculus
 Combinatory logic

References 

Computer programming
Functions and mappings
FLA Live Arena is a sports arena in Sunrise, Florida. It opened on October 3, 1998. It is the current home to the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). 

The arena was also known as the Broward County Civic Arena in 1998, the National Car Rental Center from 1998 to 2002, Office Depot Center from 2002 to 2005, BankAtlantic Center from 2005 to 2012, and BB&T Center from 2012 to 2021.

The most recent name change was in September 2021, when the naming rights contract between the arena and the financial services company BB&T ran out. By that time, BB&T had merged with SunTrust Banks to form Truist Financial Corporation. The merged company decided to not renew the naming rights agreement, and the arena now has the temporary name of FLA Live Arena until a new rights partner is found.

The arena currently seats 20,737 for basketball and 17,040 for hockey. The arena was also home to the Florida Pit Bulls of the ABA from 2005 to 2006 and the Florida Bobcats of the AFL from 1999 to 2001.
On June 27, 2018, an open casket public funeral service for rapper XXXTentacion was held at the arena. Thousands of fans showed up including rappers Lil Uzi Vert and Lil Yachty.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in Florida
Buildings and structures in Miami
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Florida Panthers
Da Nang International Airport is an airport in Da Nang, Central Vietnam. It is the third biggest airport in Vietnam. The French government built the airport in 1930s. During the Vietnam War, the airport was upgraded. It has two terminals (old and new ones) and two runways. There are international air routes to some Asian countries like China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea.

Airports in Vietnam
1930s establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Vietnam
WSG Tirol is an Austrian football club from Wattens, a town in the state of Tyrol. They play in the Austrian Bundesliga, the top league of Austrian football.

History
The club was founded in 1930 and played under different names.
 SC Wattens (1930-53)
 SV Wattens (1953-71)
 WSG Wattens (1984-2019)
 WSG Swarowski Tirol (2019-2021)
 WSG Tirol (2021- )

Between 1971 and 1984  the club was united with  FC Wacker Innsbruck to form SSW Innsbruck. This team was very successful. They reached the championship five times. From 1984 onwards they played in the Austrian Regional League West and the second tier First League. 2002 they merged with FC Wacker Tirol, so this new founded club was able to play in the Regionalliga. After the promotion the merger was dissolved. In the 2010/11 season they reached the second place and played two relegation matches versus Blau-Weiß Linz, the champion of the Regionalliga Mitte. They lost in the penalty shooting and Linz was promoted to the First League.
In 2019 they were promoted to the Bundesliga. After promotion they changed the name to WSG Swarowski Tirol. In 2021 Swarovski ended its sponsorship and the name was removed from the club's name so they play under the name WSG Tirol.

Current squad

Coaching staff
 Thomas Silberberger Headcoach
 Martin Svejnoha Assistant coach
 Manuel Ludwiger Assistant coach
 Hermann Steinlechner Goalkeeper coach
 Simon Beccari Goalkeeper coach

Honours

 Austrian Second Division (West):
 Winners (1): 1968

 Austrian Third Division (West):
 Winners (4): 1989, 1995, 1999, 2003

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Tyrol
Dylan Thomas Sprouse and Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) are American actors. They are twins. Together, they are called Dylan and Cole Sprouse or the Sprouse Bros. Their first major movie role was in Big Daddy, where they acted with Adam Sandler. Later, they acted in many television sitcoms. They also acted in the straight-to-DVD family movies, I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus and Just for Kicks.
Spouse: Niveya Sprouse
In 2010, they started acting in the Disney Channel sitcom The suite life of cody and zach . In 2006, the brothers started a franchise known as the "Sprouse Bros" brand. The franchise had a clothing line, a book series, and a magazine. Most of the Sprouses' franchise ended in 2008, except for their clothing line. They were two of the richest children alive in 2007. In 2008, they started acting in The Suite Life on Deck, which was the sequel to The Suite Life of,Zach& Cody. Later, The Suite Life on Deck became the most-watched television show for children and tweens (9-12 year olds) in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, the Sprouse brothers were the highest paid teenage Disney television actors. They earned $40,000 for each episode together.  The Suite Life on Deck ended in May 2011. In 2011, they acted in The Suite Life Movie. They started working on an adult image by starring in the independent suspense movie, The Kings of Appletown in 2009
. MSN reported by the end of the 2000s, the twin brothers became the richest teenage twins in the world. In 2010, the brothers were accepted to New York University. They delayed admission for one year. They started going to the university in the fall of 2011. In the middle of 2010, Dylan started a website for his art called Sprouse Arts. In the middle of 2011, Cole started a website for his photography called Cole Sprouse Photography. There favorite food is sushi that what they loved to eat together when ever they had the chance to hang out.