Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
16
 Boutros Boutros-Ghali, 93, Egyptian politician and diplomat, Secretary-General of the United Nations (1992–1996), complications from a broken pelvis.
 Belinda Nash, 69, American historian, cancer.
 Charles Caldwell Ryrie, 90, American theologian, pneumonia.
 Robert J. Walker, 87, American sailor, Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (1975–1979), complications from pneumonia.

17
 Alexander Gutman, 71, Russian movie director (Journey Back to Youth), heart failure.
 Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, 92, Egyptian journalist, renal failure.
 Claude Jeancolas, 66, French writer, cancer.
 Akbar Kakkattil, 62, Indian writer, lung cancer.
 Andrzej Żuławski, 75, Polish movie director (The Devil, That Most Important Thing: Love, On the Silver Globe) and writer, pancreatic cancer.
18
 Abdul Rashid Khan, 107, Indian Hindustani musician, multiple organ failure.
 Pantelis Pantelidis, 32, Greek singer-songwriter, traffic collision.
 John Reinhardt, 95, American diplomat, United States Ambassador to Nigeria (1971—1975), stroke.

19
Tamerlan Aguzarov, 52, Russian politician, Head of North Ossetia-Alania (since 2015), complications from pneumonia.
Umberto Eco, 84, Italian philosopher and novelist (The Name of the Rose, Foucault's Pendulum), pancreatic cancer.
Harper Lee, 89, American writer (To Kill a Mockingbird, Go Set a Watchman).
 Sir William O'Brien, 99, British admiral, Naval Secretary (1964–1966), complications from pneumonia.
Vi Subversa, 80, British musician (Poison Girls), cancer.
Samuel Willenberg, 93, Israeli sculptor and painter, last surviving member of the Treblinka extermination camp revolt, complications from a stroke.
Bruno Zuppiger, 63, Swiss politician, cancer.
20
 Fernando Cardenal, 82, Nicaraguan priest and politician, Minister of Education (1984–1990), heart failure.
 Ove Verner Hansen, 83, Danish actor and opera singer, heart attack.
 Nando Yosu, 76, Spanish football player and manager (Racing de Santander), Alzheimer's disease.

21
 María Luisa Alcalá, 72, Mexican actress (El Chavo del Ocho, Dr. Cándido Pérez, Esmeralda), heart attack.
 Eric Brown, 97, Scottish World War II-test pilot, world record for most aircraft carrier landings performed, pneumonia.
22
 Wesley A. Clark, 88, American computer engineer, created the first minicomputer, complications from heart disease.
 Cristiana Corsi, 39, Italian taekwondo martial artist, European champion (2002), cardiac arrest.
 Yolande Fox, 87, American beauty queen (Miss America 1951), singer and activist, lung cancer.
 Sonny James, 86, American country singer-songwriter ("Young Love").
 Cara McCollum, 24, American journalist and beauty queen, Miss New Jersey (2013), traffic collision.
 Hans Reffert, 69, German musician, composer and artist, cancer.
 Douglas Slocombe, 103, British cinematographer (Indiana Jones, The Lion in Winter, Jesus Christ Superstar), complications from a fall.
 Yochanan Sofer, 93, Israeli rabbi, Rebbe of Erlau, pneumonia.
23
 Ramón Castro Ruz, 91, Cuban revolutionary figure and politician, brother of Fidel and Raúl Castro. (Death announced on this date)
 Peter Lustig, 78, German television presenter (Löwenzahn) and author, stomach cancer.
 Francisco Rubio Llorente, 85, Spanish judge, President of the Council of State (2004-2012), heart failure.
 Donald E. Williams, 74, American astronaut, led mission to Jupiter probe, complications from a stroke.

24
 Ryszard Bender, 84, Polish politician and historian, Senator (2007-2011), stroke.
 Adriana Benetti, 96, Italian actress (Four Steps in the Clouds, Teresa Venerdì, Before the Postman), complications from pneumonia. 
 Rafael Iriondo, 97, Spanish international football player (national team, Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad) and manager, respiratory failure.
 Peter Kenilorea, 72, Solomon Islands politician, Prime Minister (1978–1981, 1984–1986).
 Peter van der Merwe, 74, Dutch footballer (national team), mesothelioma.
25
 Tony Burton, 78, American actor (Rocky, Assault on Precinct 13, The Shining), comedian and boxer, complications from pneumonia.
 Jim Clark, 84, British movie editor (The World Is Not Enough, The Killing Fields, Marathon Man), Oscar winner (1985).
 François Dupeyron, 65, French movie director and screenwriter (The Officers' Ward), heart attack.
 Alfred E. Mann, 90, American entrepreneur (Spectrolab, Heliotek), heart attack.

26
 Andy Bathgate, 83, Canadian ice hockey player (New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings), complications from Alzheimer's disease.
 Karl Dedecius, 94, Polish-born German translator, Director of the German Institute of Polish Studies (1980-1997).
 Don Getty, 82, Canadian politician, Premier of Alberta (1985–1992), and football player (Edmonton Eskimos), heart failure.
 Eri Klas, 76, Estonian conductor, retired boxer and educator, member of the Estonian Olympic Committee, heart attack.

27
 Rajesh Pillai, 41, Indian movie director (Traffic), liver disease.
28
 Frank Kelly, 77, Irish actor (Father Ted, Emmerdale, Evelyn), heart attack.
 George Kennedy, 91, American actor (Cool Hand Luke, The Naked Gun, Airport), Oscar winner (1968), heart disease.

29
 Gil Hill, 84, American police officer and actor (Beverly Hills Cop), pneumonia.
 Louise Rennison, 64, British author (Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging), cancer.

Months
 January
 February
 March
 April
 May
 June
 July
 August
 September
 October
 November
 December

Related pages
 Deaths in 2014
 Deaths in 2015

References

Other websites
 The Guardian, UK obituaries
 Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
 Obituaries, Chicago Tribune
 The New York Times, US obituaries
 The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries
 The Telegraph obituaries

02
February 2016 events
Francisco Guillermo Flores (October 17, 1959 – January 30, 2016) was a Salvadoran politician. He served as President of El Salvador serving from 1999 to 2004 as a member of the conservative Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) replacing Armando Calderón Sol. He was born in Santa Ana, El Salvador. At the time of his death, Flores was being investigated for corruption charges.

Flores died on January 30, 2016, at the age of 56. He died in a hospital in San Salvador from a Cerebral hemorrhage after having surgery to treat it.

References

Other websites

 Biography and tenure, by CIDOB Foundation  (in Spanish)

1959 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Presidents of El Salvador
A councillor is a member of a local government council. In the United Kingdom all local authorities are overseen by elected councillors. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, most larger borough, unitary authority or county councils pay their councillors basic allowances and pay for their expenses.

Councilmember, councilman, councilwoman, councilor, or councillor is a title for a member of a council used in the United States.

Related pages
 Alderman

References

Local government
Government occupations
A district health authority was a division of the National Health Service in England and Wales. It was introduced by the National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973. It was created in 1974 and disestablished in 1996. There were 205 when they were established in 1974, but some were later merged. In 1979 there were 199.

The district health authority worked alongside a Family Health Services Authority, which was responsible for managing primary care services such as general practice, pharmacy and dentistry. The districts were reorganised on a number of occasions in the 1990s. In 1996 new single-tier health authorities replaced districts and areas and the regions were again reorganised. In 2002, Health Authorities were replaced by Primary Care Trusts.

References

1974 establishments in the United Kingdom
1996 disestablishments in the United Kingdom

National Health Service
The National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers (NUTGW) was a trades union in the United Kingdom. The union was founded as the Tailors and Garment Workers' Union (T&GWU) in 1920. In 1932, it was joined by the Amalgamated Society of Tailors and Tailoresses and renamed itself as the "National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers". The NUTGW had 118,700 members in 1945, making it the tenth largest union in Britain. The NUTGW merged into the General, Municipal, Boilermakers and Allied Trades Union in 1991.

References

1991 disestablishments in Europe
1920 establishments in the United Kingdom

Trade unions in the United Kingdom
Harringay  (pronounced ) is a housing area in the London Borough of Haringey in north London, in England. It is centred on the section of Green Lanes running between the New River, where it crosses Green Lanes by Finsbury Park, and Duckett's Common, near Turnpike Lane.

References

District and borough councils in England
London Borough of Haringey
The 2015 Labour Party leadership election was election to choose the leader of the Labour Party in the United Kingdom. It won by Jeremy Corbyn. The election was held because Ed Miliband resigned on 8 May 2015, after the party's defeat at the 2015 general election. Harriet Harman, the Deputy Leader, became Acting Leader but announced that she would resign after the leadership election.

Candidates
Four candidates were successfully nominated to stand in the election: Andy Burnham, Yvette Cooper, Jeremy Corbyn and Liz Kendall. The voting process began on Friday 14 August 2015 and closed on Thursday 10 September 2015. The results were announced on Saturday 12 September 2015. Voting was by Labour Party members and registered supporters. They voted using the alternative vote system.
Results
When Corbyn entered the election, he was considered unlikely to win. However, support for him increased quickly. Opinion polls showed him leading against the other candidates. This led to warnings from people such as Gordon Brown, Tony Blair, Jack Straw, David Miliband, and Alastair Campbell. Many of them claimed that Corbyn's election as leader would leave the party unable to win elections. Corbyn won the election in the first round, with 59.5% of the votes.

References

2015 elections in the United Kingdom
August 2015 events
September 2015 events
Jeremy Corbyn
The Camden New Journal is a free, independent newspaper that covers the London Borough of Camden. It was created because of a strike in the 1980s supported by campaigning journalist Paul Foot, Holborn and St Pancras MP Frank Dobson and the paper's editor Eric Gordon. It has a lot of influence in Camden because of its news content, investigations and high number of readers.

It was named Free Newspaper of The Year at the Press Gazette's national industry awards in 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2010. It was nominated in 2002 and 2004.

Other websites
 Official site

Newspapers published in the United Kingdom
1980s establishments in England
Annual may refer to:
Annual publication, something published once each year
Yearbook
Literary annual
Annual report
Annual plant, a plant that lives for a year or less
Annual average daily traffic
Annual percentage rate
Annual leave, a set amount of time given off work by an employer
Annual giving
Annual, Morocco, a town in northeastern Morocco
Annuals (band), a musical group
The private finance initiative (PFI) is a way of creating partnerships between the public and private parts of the economy. It involves paying for public building projects (such as infrastructure) with money from private companies. It was created by the governments of Australia and the United Kingdom. It was used there and in Spain. PFI and its variants have now been used in many countries as part of the wider programme of privatisation and financialisation. This has been because of an increased need for accountability and efficiency for the spending of public money. PFI has also been used simply to avoid reporting costs and debt on the balance sheets.

References

Economy of Australia
Economy of the United Kingdom
Public administration
Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HM Revenue and Customs or HMRC) is a non-ministerial department of the United Kingdom Government. It is responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some types of welfare, and the management of other regulations such as the minimum wage.

HMRC was formed when the Inland Revenue and Her Majesty's Customs and Excise were combined. This happened on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the St Edward's Crown enclosed within a circle.

References

Departments of the United Kingdom Government
Law enforcement agencies of the United Kingdom
Senegambia was a region of West Africa occupying the area of present day Senegal and Gambia. The 20th century 
Senegambia Confederation, was a loose confederation between Senegal and Gambia. The term Senegambia was used by the British as early as 1765. They used it to refer to their settlements on the islands off the coast of present day Senegal. The modern use of the term Senegambia means the region that includes both Senegal and Gambia.
Senegambian history 
There is little known about the early history of the area. By about 1000 AD the Soninke, Mandinka and Fula peoples had formed settlements along the Gambia River.  The Toucouleur people were settled in east and central Senegal. Kingdoms such as the Jolof and the Sere settled in the area north of the Gambia River. The first Europeans, Portuguese sailors, arrived about 1455. Portugal controlled the area between the Sénégal and Gambia Rivers until the British, Dutch and French moved into the area. They traded goods such as salt, iron, guns and gunpowder for gold, ivory, ebony and slaves.

Senegambia and the Middle Passage 
About 24% of the African slaves brought to America, were from Senegambia. The Africans from Senegambia were found nearly everywhere in the United States before the American Civil War, both in the North and South.Senegambia was strongly Muslim. This means that many African slaves in the US had been exposed to Islam much more than the rest of the Americas.
Because of the need for field workers up to two-thirds of Africans taken captive were men. In the Senegambia region due to the high demand by buyers, men and boys were taken from all over the region. Women, however, being in less demand, were taken from the easily accessed coastal areas. Most of them belonged to the Jolof people and so, unlike the men, they had a common language. Due to the fear of slaves revolting, men were kept below decks and in chains. Women were usually kept on deck and were sometimes allowed to move around. Some historians say that it was the women who organized many of the slave uprisings at sea.

Notes

References 

1982 establishments in Africa
1989 disestablishments
Former polities of the Cold War
Former countries in Africa
History of Senegal
The Gambia
20th-century disestablishments in Africa
Former federations
The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 (c. 30) is an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It legalises same-sex marriage in England and Wales.

After the 2010 General Election, in September 2011, Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Equalities, Lynne Featherstone, announced they would try to make same-sex marriage legal from March 2012. The session closed in June 2012 and, in December 2012, the new Minister for Women and Equalities, Maria Miller, announced that the Government would be introducing a law before the next election. She also said that they were trying to get this done within parliament's current session. 

The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill was introduced into Parliament on 24 January 2013. The leaders of the three main political parties in the United Kingdom gave their MPs a free vote. This means they would not be made to vote in favour or against it; they could vote however they wanted.

References
References

2010s Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Same-sex marriage
LGBT politics in the United Kingdom
2013 in the United Kingdom
Labour Briefing is a monthly political magazine made by members of the British Labour Party. The magazine was started in 1980 as London Labour Briefing.

Throughout the 1990s, London Labour Briefing lost supporters and influence as New Labour's hold over the Labour Party increased. This was also because control inside the Labour Party was centralised, and the role played by activists was reduced.

London Labour Briefing was renamed Labour Briefing and was then known as Labour Left Briefing. In 2008 it was changed back to Labour Briefing on merging with Voice of the Unions. It supports the Socialist Campaign Group of Members of Parliament, and aims to promote and build the network of local Campaign Groups.

References

Magazines of the United Kingdom
Labour Party (UK)
1980 establishments in the United Kingdom
A parliamentary select committee in the United Kingdom can be appointed from the House of Commons, like the Foreign Affairs Select Committee; from the House of Lords, or as a joint committee of Parliament drawn from both of them. Some of the committees are near-permanent and some are set up for some special work and then stop.  Most of the Commons committees look at the work of government departments and agencies but the Lords committees mostly look at big subjects. 

Committees may be nearly permanent), or as "ad-hoc" committees with a specific timeline by which to complete their work, after which they stop existing, such as the recent Lords Committee on Public Service and Demographic Change.

Both Houses have their own committees to review drafts of European Union directives: the European Union Committee in the House of Lords, and the European Scrutiny Committee in the House of Commons.

References

Parliamentary select committees of the United Kingdom
The Department of Social Security (DSS) was a government department in the United Kingdom.  

The department was created in 1988. The Department of Health and Social Security was divided into two departments, one of which was the DSS. During 2001, the department was largely replaced by the Department for Work and Pensions. The other responsibilities of the department were assumed by the Treasury and the Ministry of Defence.

References

Departments of the United Kingdom Government
1988 establishments in the United Kingdom
2001 disestablishments in the United Kingdom

Social security in the United Kingdom
The London Regional Select Committee was one of nine regional select committees of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The House of Commons agreed to create the committee on 25 June 2009, after committees for the eight other regions of England were created in November 2008. 'Regional ministers' were appointed by Gordon Brown when he was made Prime Minister in June 2007. The committee was created on 1 January 2009. It ceased to exist upon the dissolution of Parliament on 12 April 2010.

References

Political organisations in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in London
The Justice Select Committee is a committee made up of a small number of members of the British House of Commons. The committee looks at the policy, management and spending of the Ministry of Justice. It also looks at the work of the Law Officers of the Crown, the Serious Fraud Office, and the Crown Prosecution Service. It gives reports with opinions and advice.

The committee also reviews draft Sentencing Guidelines issued by the Sentencing Guidelines Council.

References

Parliamentary select committees of the United Kingdom
House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
On February 15, 2003, there was a day of protests across the world. The protests were to express people's opposition to the imminent invasion of Iraq. They were held in more than 600 cities. It was part of a series of protests and political events that had begun in 2002 and continued as the war took place. Social movement researchers have described the 15 February protest as "the largest protest event in human history."

Sources vary in their estimations of the number of participants involved. According to BBC News, between six and eleven million people took part in protests in up to sixty countries over the weekend of the 15th and 16th. Other estimates range from eight million to thirty million.
Some of the largest protests took place in Europe. The protest in Rome involved around three million people, and is listed in the 2004 Guinness Book of World Records as the largest anti-war rally in history. Madrid hosted the second largest rally with more than 1.5 million people protesting the invasion of Iraq; Mainland China was the only major region not to see any protests on that day, but small demonstrations, attended mainly by foreign students, were seen later.

References

2003
Iraq War
21st-century protests
The Iraq Inquiry is a public inquiry into the United Kingdom's role in the Iraq War. It is also called the Chilcot Inquiry after its chairman, Sir John Chilcot.

The inquiry was announced on 15 June 2009 by Prime Minister Gordon Brown. The original announcement was that the inquiry would take place in private. This decision was later reversed after receiving criticism in the media and the House of Commons.

On 6 July 2016, Sir John Chilcot announced the report's publication, more than seven years after the inquiry was announced. It referred to as the Chilcot report by the news media, the document stated that Saddam Hussein was not an urgent threat and that the Iraq War was not necessary.

References

Politics of the United Kingdom
21st century in the United Kingdom
Andrew Murray (born 1958) is a British campaigner and journalist. He was Chair of the Stop the War Coalition from its formation in 2001 until September 2011, and again from September 2015 after Jeremy Corbyn resigned.

Murray has been a senior official for several trade unions over many years.

References

1958 births
Living people
British journalists
British activists
An all-party parliamentary group (APPG) is a grouping in the British Parliament that is made up of politicians from all political parties.

If a parliament consists of both a lower house and an upper house, all-party parliamentary groups can usually include members of both houses. In the British Parliament, for example, APPGs include members of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

In the British Parliament, an associate parliamentary group is similar to an all-party parliamentary group except that it is made up of not only members of the House of Commons or Lords but can also include members from outside Parliament.

References

Political organisations in the United Kingdom
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Chagossians (also Îlois or Chagos Islanders) are people who previously lived on the Chagos Islands. They are of African, Indian and Malay ancestry. They lived on Diego Garcia, Peros Banhos and the Salomon island chain, as well as other islands. They were forcibly removed from the islands by the British government in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This was done at the request of the United States government, so that Diego Garcia could become a military base. Most Chagossians now live in Mauritius and the United Kingdom. No Chagossians live in the Chagos Islands anymore, as it is now the site of the military base Camp Justice.

The Chagossians are mostly descended from African people, particularly from Madagascar, Mozambique and Mauritius. There is also a significant proportion of Indian and Malay ancestry. The French brought some to the Chagos islands as slaves from Mauritius in 1786. Others arrived as fishermen, farmers, and coconut plantation workers during the 19th century.
The Chagossians speak Chagossian Creole, a creole language based on French. It has words that come from various African and Asian languages. It is part of the Bourbonnais Creole family. Chagossian Creole is still spoken by some of their descendants in Mauritius and Seychelles. Chagossian people living in the UK speak English.

On 22 May 2019, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution [86] asking the United Kingdom to surrender the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius within six months.

References

Ethnic groups in Africa
Ethnic groups in Asia
The Chagos Archipelago ( or ) or Chagos Islands (formerly the Bassas de Chagas, and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls in the Indian Ocean. The atolls are made up of more than 60 individual islands. The islands are located about  south of Maldives.
As of 2018, Mauritius has taken the matter to the International Court of Justice for an advisory opinion, against British objections.
The islands make up the British Indian Ocean Territory.

On 25 February 2019, in an advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice found that the United Kingdom "illegally" separated the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius after its independence in 1968. 

The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on May 22, 2019, commanding Great Britain to return the Chagos Archipelago to the Republic of Mauritius within six months, which would allow Chagossians to recover their land.

Related pages
Chagossians

References

Archipelagos
Territorial disputes
Islands of Asia
British Indian Ocean Territory
The Brighton hotel bombing was an attack at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England. It happened on 12 October 1984. A time bomb was planted in the hotel by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) member Patrick Magee. The purpose was to kill Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her ministers, who were staying at the hotel for the Conservative Party conference. Thatcher narrowly escaped injury. Five people were killed, including two high-profile members of the Conservative Party, and 31 were injured.

References

1984 in the United Kingdom
1980s building bombings
1980s explosions in Europe
1980s in England
1980s murders in the United Kingdom
Attacks on hotels
Hotel bombing
Building bombings in England
Margaret Thatcher
Mass murder in England
Mass murder in the 1980s
October events
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom in the 1980s
In geometry, a flexagon is a flat model, usually made by folding a piece of paper, so that when 'flexed' (folded), one or more hidden faces will be revealed (shown) from within the model.

Flexagons are usually square or rectangular (tetraflexagons) or hexagonal (hexaflexagons).  A prefix can be added to the name to show the number of faces that the model can display, including the two faces (back and front) that are visible before flexing.  For example, a hexaflexagon with a total of six faces is called a hexahexaflexagon.

History

Discovery and introduction 

Arthur H. Stone, a British man, is said to have first discovered the flexagon in 1939. At the time, he was a student at Princeton University in the United States. His new American paper would not fit in his English binder so he cut off the ends of the paper and began folding them into different shapes. One of these formed a trihexaflexagon.
Other students became interested in these shapes. They included Bryant Tuckerman, Richard Feynman, and John Tukey. Together, they formed the Princeton Flexagon Committee. Tuckerman worked out a topological method, called the "Tuckerman traverse", for revealing all the faces of a flexagon.

Flexagons were introduced to the general public by the recreational mathematician Martin Gardner in 1956. He wrote about in the first Mathematical Games column that he wrote for Scientific American magazine.

Attempted commercial development 

In 1955, Russell Rogers and Leonard D'Andrea of Homestead Park, Pennsylvania applied for a patent. In 1959 they were granted U.S. Patent number 2,883,195 for the hexahexaflexagon, under the title "Changeable Amusement Devices and the Like."
Their patent imagined possible ways that the device could be used as a toy, an device for advertising, or as a device for learning about geometry."  A few such novelties were produced by the Herbick & Held Printing Company in Pittsburgh. The device, marketed as the "Hexmo", were not very successful.

References

Geometry
Origami
Schlager music is a kind of pop music, where the text often talks about sentiments. Schlager started with operetta music, at the end of the 19th century. In the 1920s, Jazz music influenced it. Musically, Schlager music often has simple structures. Very often, Schlager songs are commercially successful. 

Music genres
Serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin poisoning, serotonin sickness, and many other names, is a medical condition that can happen if there is too much serotonin in your brain or other parts of your nervous system. Serotonin syndrome can be mild (doesn't make you very sick), but in rare situations, it can kill you. Serotonin syndrome can happen if you use some drugs that can increase the amount of serotonin in your nervous system. Some examples of drugs that can make you have serotonin syndrome are antidepressants, opioids, CNS stimulants, 5-HT1 agonists (a drug that changes the receptors of serotonin), psychedelics, herbs, and many others.

References 

Diseases and disorders of the brain
Nervous system
Keith Morrison (born July 2, 1947) is a Canadian broadcast journalist. He has been a writer for Dateline NBC since 1995. In 1988 he joined NBC News as a west coast writer for the NBC Nightly News and Today Show.

References

Other websites
NBC News biography 

Anchor away: Journalist Keith Morrison has found success south of the border  from the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix, July 2, 2003

1947 births
Living people
Canadian journalists
Writers from Saskatchewan
Clarence William "Bill" Nelson II (born September 29, 1942) is an American politician and astronaut. Nelson is the 14th and current Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration since May 2021. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the United States Senator from Florida from 2001 to 2019. He lost his re-election campaign in 2018 to Republican Governor Rick Scott.

He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1978 and in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1991. In January 1986, he became the second sitting member of Congress to fly in space, after Jake Garn. He was a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia.

Nelson retired from Congress in 1990 to run for Governor of Florida, but was lost the Democratic nomination to Lawton Chiles.

In March 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Nelson to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in his administration.
Early life
Nelson was born in Miami, Florida. He was raised in Melbourne, Florida. Nelson studied at the University of Florida, Yale University and at the University of Virginia.

Early political career
Nelson began his career in the Florida House of Representatives, where he served from 1973 to 1979. He then served in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1991.

In January 1986, Nelson became the second sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space along with John Glenn. He flew as a Payload Specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia.

United States Senate
He served in the United States Senate, serving Florida from 2001 to 2019.

In the U.S. Senate, he was a centrist and a moderate Democrat. Nelson supported same-sex marriage, lowering taxes on lower and middle income families, expanding environmental programs and regulation, protecting the Affordable Care Act and expanding Medicaid.
Nelson chaired the Senate Aging Committee from 2013 to 2015, and was Ranking Member of the Senate Commerce Committee from 2015 to 2019.

Nelson lost re-election in 2018 to Republican Rick Scott by 0.1%.

Administrator to NASA
On February 22, 2021, reports emerged that President Joe Biden was considering nominating Nelson to be the NASA Administrator. Biden officially nominated Nelson on March 19, 2021 to the position.

His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 29, 2021 by a unanimous voice vote.

Personal life
In 1972, Nelson married Grace Cavert.  The couple have two adult children: Charles William "Bill Jr." Nelson, and Nan Ellen Nelson. He has suffered from prostate cancer.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1942 births
Living people
American astronauts
Lawyers from Miami
Military people from Florida
Episcopalians
Politicians from Miami
United States representatives from Florida
United States senators from Florida
University of Florida alumni
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Yale University alumni
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Administrators of NASA
Colonel Gail Seymour "Hal" Halvorsen (October 10, 1920 – February 16, 2022) was an American career officer and command pilot in the United States Air Force.  He was well known as the original Candy Bomber or the "Rosinenbomber" in Germany and a recipient of the Congressional Gold Medal. He piloted C-47s and C-54s during the Berlin airlift ("Operation Vittles") from 1948–1949.

Halvorsen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. In October 2020, he turned 100. Halvoersen died at a hospital in Provo, Utah on February 16, 2022 from respiratory failure at the age of 101.

References

Other websites

 "Candy Bomber" Gail Halvorsen launches his memoirs in Berlin 

1920 births
2022 deaths
Military people from Utah
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
American centenarians
Władysław "Wladek" Szpilman (; 5 December 19116 July 2000) was a Polish pianist and classical composer.

Szpilman is known as the main character of the Roman Polanski movie The Pianist (2002). This movie is based on the book of the same name. It recounts Polanski's survival of the German occupation of Warsaw and the Holocaust.

Szpilman died in Warsaw, Poland on 6 July 2000 at the age of 88.
Other websites 
Władysław Szpilman information and biography
In Loving Memory Of Władysław Szpilman 
Information on Szpilman's works at Boosey & Hawkes
"Szpilman's Warsaw: The History behind The Pianist" at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 
Interview with Dr. Halina Grzecznarowska-Szpilman, widow of Władysław Szpilman, first part
Interview with Dr. Halina Grzecznarowska Szpilman, widow of Władysław Szpilman, second part 
Władysław Szpilman  at culture.pl
Information on Wladyslaw Szpilman at Polish Biographical Dictionary by Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 2013 
Uri Caine – performance of songs by Władisław Szpilman

1911 births
2000 deaths
Polish composers
Polish writers
Holocaust survivors
Polish pianists
A dewlap is a flap of skin that hangs beneath the neck of many animals. 
It can also be used to mean other things such as a double chin on a person or the vocal sac of a frog. The term dewlap can also be used to mean a caruncle, defined as "a small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy". At times the appearance of a dewlap indicates a stage in an animal's development. For example, the appearance of a dewlap on a female rabbit indicates she is of breeding age.

References 

Animal anatomy
Radio galaxies and their relatives, radio-loud quasars and blazars, are types of active galaxy that are very luminous at radio wavelengths. They have luminosities up to 1039 W between 10 MHz and 100 GHz. 

The radio emission is due to the synchrotron process. The observed structure in radio emission is determined by the interaction between twin jets and the external medium, modified by the effects of relativistic beaming. Radio galaxies are almost exclusively large elliptical galaxies. Radio-loud active galaxies can be detected at large distances, making them valuable tools for observation. Recently, much work has been done on the effects of these objects on the intergalactic medium, particularly in galaxy groups and clusters.

References 

Galaxies
The Kho people, also known as Chitralis, are an ethnic group in Pakistan, living mainly around the Chitral District. They speak the Khowar language. Their main religion is Sunni Islam. The Kho are excellent mountaineers who seemingly do not get tired or cold when working all day.

Culture
Kho culture places heavy emphasis on poetry, song and dance. Kho people also have a great respect of law and order. Much of this can be attributed to Chitral being a stable kingdom for most of its history, where the rule of law and the will of the ruler came before tribal concepts such as revenge and isolationism.

Polo is a popular sport and pastime for the Kho people. Polo traditionally played by the Kho has little rules or organisation.

Dance and music play a large role in Kho society. Common clothing include the salwar kameez (long tunic and trousers) and headwear includes the pakol (chitrali hat).

Language
These people speak Khowar language which is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic subgroup.

References
References 

Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Chitral District
Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme (; 5 December 1922, Lewisham – 25 June 1987) was a British scientist who worked on the atom.

Birth
He was born in Lewisham , a suburb of London. His father was a bank clerk. He first went to a school in Lewisham, but was so good at maths that he was given a scholarship (free place) to Eton college.

Education
There he was also good at math and won prizes in the subject. He got a place at Cambridge University and again was better than his fellow students leaving with the best degree, a first class degree.

Works
When he left Cambridge in 1943 World War Two was at its height and he was told by the government to work on atomic energy under another scientist Rudolf Peierls to help win the war.

When America began to secretly build the atomic bomb these two men and a few other Britons went to America to help them achieve their goal. Tony Skyrme did important work towards the two atomic bombs that ended the war.
He then worked back in Britain on studying atoms. He used a way of understanding how atoms work by inventing an atom sized thing called a skyrmion. It is still used today to understand atoms.

References

1922 births
1987 deaths
British nuclear physicists
Scientists from London
Marvel may refer to:

Places
Marvel, Colorado, an unincorporated community
Marvel, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Marvel Cave, Missouri
Mount Marvel, Oates Land, Antarctica

People
Marvel (name), a list of people and fictional characters with either the surname or given name

Business
Marvel Comics, a comic book publisher
Marvel Entertainment, an American entertainment company
Marvel Studios a motion picture studio based in Burbank, California
Marvel Television, a television and film studio subsidiary
Marvel Animation Studios, an animation production company
Marvel Music, a music publishing arm
Biggin Hill is a small town, just on the edge of Greater London.

Biggin Hill has an airport that is famous for being used during World War 2, as well as it's yearly air show.

Other websites 
 Biggin Hill Local News, Information and Forum

London Borough of Bromley
A skyrmion is an quantum entity in atomic physics that can occur in some materials like solids and Bose–Einstein condensates. They are made up from a persistent vortex that is a quantum superposition of baryons and resonance states. These vortices behave like particles but are not. They are called quasiparticles and have mass just like a real particle.  

They were first though of mathematically by the British scientist  Tony Skyrme in 1962 and named after him in 1982. In 2009 physicists from the Technical University of Munich were able to create and see skyrmions for the first time in a very cold magnetic solid.

Skyrmions are important in  the emerging solid state technology of spintronics where they promise data storage at much higher densities than ever before.

References

Physics
The Chrono is a series of video games by Square Enix. The original game, Chrono Trigger, was released in 1995. The games are role-playing games. The other major game in the series is Chrono Cross. As of March 2011, the two games have sold over 5.3 million units.

References 

Video game series
1995 video games
After the Attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, the United States declared war on Japan and its allies. At the same time the Japanese also attacked the American bases at Guam, Wake Island and the Philippines. While Guam and Wake Island soon fell, Filipino and U.S. forces resisted in the Philippines until early May 1942.  By this time, the Japanese controlled nearly all of Southeast Asia. The Bataan peninsula and the island of Corregidor were the only remaining Allied strongholds in the region. On April 9, 1942 about 11,800 American, 66,000 Filipino and 1,000 Chinese-Filipinos surrendered to the Japanese. They were starving, sick and fatigued, yet were forced to march 60 miles (97 km) with many dying along the way. This was the infamous Bataan Death March. Many also escaped and joined guerrilla forces hiding in the mountains. About 79,000 survived and were imprisoned at Camp O'Donnell. The American and Filipino forces on Island of Corregidor surrendered on May 6, 1942
. The approximately 79,000 forces captured on Corregidor were not a part of the Death March. They were loaded onto cargo ships and taken to Manila. There they were marched through the streets as a celebration of the Japanese victory. They were then sent to Cabanatuan camp number 1 near Cabanatuan city. They were joined by other American prisoners from Camp O'Donnell.
Conditions at Cabanatuan 
 
By January of 1945, after nearly three years at the camp, nearly 3,000 prisoners had died. The camp measured about  by  and was enclosed by 3 barbed wire fences, each  high. There were guard towers outside the fence. The prisoners were kept in 8 barracks originally designed to house 40 soldiers, but were used to hold 120 prisoners each. Conditions at the camp in 1942 were terrible with mosquitoes that carried malaria and flies that spreading dysentery. Many prisoners were murdered by the guards. Local Filipinos smuggled in food and money to bribe the guards. But by 1944 the conditions became worse. The Japanese cut rations and cut down on the smuggling of food to prisoners. They started sending prisoners to camps in Japan and Manchuria in "hellships". By early 1945 just over 500 prisoners were left in Cabanatuan number 1 camp.
American invasion of the Philippines 
On January 9, 1945, American forces led by General Douglas MacArthur invaded Luzon. A few months earlier, Japan had issued a "kill-all" order. Any camp that was in danger of being taken by American forces was to kill all the prisoners. The prisoners at Cabanatuan were not aware of the danger they were in. But MacArthur had become aware of the order. The Japanese had executed all but 11 of 150 prisoners at a POW camp on Palawan, in the Philippines. The 11 managed to escape the massacre by hiding. MacArthur did not want this happening at Cabanatuan. As the Americans came to within  from the camp, the prisoners were now in immediate danger. A plan to rescue the prisoners was hastily put together.
6th Ranger Battalion 
One of the units MacArthur had available to him was the 6th Ranger Battalion. Because of their training, they were qualified to operate behind enemy lines. They were commanded by Lieutenant colonel Henry Mucci. In mid-October 1944 they landed ahead of the main American forces to destroy enemy positions and radio stations guarding the entrance to Leyte Gulf. When the 6th Army landed at Luzon, the 6th Ranger Battalion was with them. As the 6th Army moved into central Luzon, General Walter Krueger, commander of the 6th Army, learned about the camp from American officers who had remained in Luzon with the Filipino guerrillas.
Not only was the camp 30 miles behind enemy lines, it had a large number of Japanese troops in the area. The POW camp at Cabanatuan itself was also housing Japanese troops. Mucci put together a force made up of Rangers and two teams of Alamo Scouts. The total force would be 8 officers and 120 enlisted men. All the men carefully studied aerial photographs, maps and diagrams showing the objectives and rendezvous points. The two teams of Alamo Scouts left on January 27 to connect with local guerilla forces and keep the camp under close surveillance. The Rangers would join them just before the attack. On January 29 the Rangers met up with Filipino guerillas five miles north of the camp. Mucci received reports of heavy Japanese troop movements in the area. The raid was put on hold for 24 hours. He learned there were 90 guards in the camp but also a force of 150 soldiers were staying there temporarily. Mucci arranged to have 50 oxcarts ready near the river to carry the prisoners too weak to walk
. The raid was now planned for January 30 as night began to fall. Mucci also found a major asset in Filipino Captain Juan Pajota. He knew the area well and he was the one to warn Mucci to wait 24 hours until some of the Japanese moved on.
On the evening of the raid, Filipino guerrillas cut the Japanese phone lines to Manila. They then blocked the two roads passing the camp to prevent other Japanese units from helping the camp guards. The Rangers had to crawl about a mile through an open field. To prevent the guards from seeing them when they got close, Mucci had arranged for a P-61 night fighter to fly over the camp and distract the guards. They split up to attack the front and back gates to the compound. The force broke into the camp and quickly killed the guards. The problems started when the prisoners hid from their rescuers. Not recognizing the uniforms they thought the shooting meant they were all being killed. They finally convinced the prisoners to go with them. One British civilian prisoner hid from his rescuers and did not go with them. But he was picked up by the Filipino guerrillas and taken to safety. One prisoner died of a heart attack during the rescue
. The Filipinos and Alamo Scouts held off the Japanese while the Rangers got the prisoners to the carts to haul them to safety. There were 6 Rangers who acted as a rearguard and were the last to leave the camp. They came under fire from the Japanese killing one of the Rangers. At the river a guerrila doctor treated the wounded and Filipinos from nearby villages gave the prisoners food and water. The Rangers with the prisoners traveled all night to get back to the American lines. Only two Rangers, Corporal Roy Sweezy and Captain Fisher, were killed in the rescue. The raid was one of the most spectacular and successful rescues in military history. They killed or wounded an estimated 523 Japanese soldiers during the raid while rescuing 511 prisoners.
Popular media 
In 2005 the movie The Great Raid was released on the 60th anniversary of VJ day. It was based on the book The Great Raid on Cabanatuan. The movie had a number of factual errors in it. The plane that flew overhead was a Lockheed Hudson and not a P-61 "Black Widow", which was the actual plane. The camp was not lit up with electric lights as in the movie. No prisoners were executed during the raid. Also many of Rangers, Alamo Scouts and Filipinos were given fictitious names.

References

Other websites

 Real Footage taking after the raid at Cabanatuan, Philippines
 Leader of WWII's 'Great Raid' looks back at real-life POW rescue

Cabanatuan
1945 in Asia
1940s in the Philippines
January events
Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is a electronics company that makes semiconductors and other electronics, such as calculators. The company started in 1924 in Tulsa, Oklahoma as "Geophysical Research Corporation", a subsidiary of Amerada Petroleum. In 1930, they started a new independent company called Geophysical Service, Incorporated. It became a subsidiary of General Instruments in 1951. The same year the name was changed to Texas Instruments (TI). The company is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Today TI is the third largest manufacturer of semiconductors in the world after Intel and Samsung. It is the second largest supplier of chips for cellular handsets after Qualcomm. TI is the largest producer of digital signal processors (DSPs) and analog semiconductors. They also make a wide range of other semiconductor products.

References 

Companies based in Texas
1951 establishments in the United States
Companies listed on NASDAQ
20th-century establishments in Oklahoma
Shah Alam II, (25 June 1728 – 19 November 1806) was the eighteenth Mughal Emperor and the son of Alamgir II. He became the emperor of the Mughal Empire; his power was so depleted during his reign that it led to a saying in the Persian language, Sultanat-e-Shah Alam, Az Dilli ta Palam, meaning, 'The kingdom of Shah Alam is from Delhi to Palam', Palam being a suburb of Delhi.

References

Other websites

1728 births
1806 deaths
Mughal emperors
18th century in India
19th century in India