Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Gomaespuma is a radio show, presented by Juan Luis Cano and Guillermo Fesser. The program is broadcast by  Onda Cero. It also has been in M80 radio and in Antenna 3 Radio. Gomaespuma organises the Flamenco pa tos festival, the most important Flamenco festival of Spain. Gomaespuma directs a foundation with the same name.

 Pay attention to the pedals:  Luis Montoro
 Cinema:                   Cándida Villar
 Corresponsal en Paris:   Rubén Amón 
 Corresponsal USA:       Gina Fox
 Mister Gárcia:        Claro García
 Interviews:            Juan Luis y Guillermo
 "Flamenco pa tos":        José Manuel Gamboa y Juan Verdú
 The guide of the "Michelines":        Juan Carlos Orlando
 The B face:              Carlos Cano
 The musical "croqueta":    Santi Alcanda
 The woman that i love: Curra Fernández
 Books:                 Mar de Tejeda
 News:               Esmeralda Velasco  
 Gomaespuma with: José Manuel Lapeña
 Gomaespumino:           Juan Luis y Guillermo
 Health for the biggest:     Alfonso del Álamo
Other sections 
 Cooking with Josechu Letón
 Gomaespuma of the succes
 Military Gomaespuma 
 Regional Gomaespuma 
 "Supernotición que te cagas"

People
These people have appeared on television and on radio (marionettes)
 Armando Adistancia
 Borja Món de York
 Candida
 Chema Pamundi
 Mister Eusebio
 Mister Francisco Rupto
 Mister Gun
 Mister Jesús Tituto
 El niño del paquete
 Estela Gartija
 Gustavo de Básica
 Padre Palomino
 Peláez

Books 

 20 years with Gomaespuma
 There is not are more family than one family
 Greats misfortunes of the Spain history 
 The father say no
 The guide of the "Michelines"
 When God press, drowns a lot  (Guillermo Fesser)
 Hincaíto (Juan Luis Cano)
 The legs are not of the body (Juan Luis Cano)
 Trades guide of Gomaespuma (Guillermo Fesser, Juan Luis Cano and Jose Manuel Lapeña
 A bullfighter pass (Juan Luis Cano y Ruben Amón)

Other websites 
These links are in Spanish
Web of Gomaespuma
Web of Onda Cero
Web of the Gomaespuma Foundation  
History of Gomaespuma )

Radio programs
An engineer is a person with a proper education in the field of engineering. The word engineer is derived from the Latin root ingenium, meaning "cleverness". Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, safety and cost. Much of the work is applied science, using information given by scientists to do their work. Apart from working with things, an engineer must also be good at working with people and money.

Types of engineer
Aerospace engineers design space vehicles or airplanes. 
 Biomedical engineers design and work with medical equipment.
 Chemical engineers use chemicals to make products like drugs and medicines or fertilizers for crops.
 Civil engineers work on roads, bridges, buildings and other public structures.
 Computer engineers design and build computers and the parts that computers are made of.
 Electrical engineers work with electricity and design electrical equipment, from small things like radios and computers to large things like the wires that carry electricity across the country.
 Electronic engineers work with electronics, which are used to build computer parts and electrical equipment. 
 Environmental engineers design and implement solutions to remediate and restore the environment. 
 Manufacturing engineers design and improve the machines and assembly lines that make things. They work with robots, hydraulics and air-operated devices to help companies work faster and better with fewer mistakes.
Mechanical engineers design machines or things that move, like cars and trains. A mechanical engineer also might help design electricity generating stations, oil refineries, and factories.
 Mechatronics engineers build robots and things that are like robots, but not exactly. They do things that are robotic-like.
Ocean engineering and Naval Architecture works on construction of ships, submarines and off shore bodies.
 Nanotechnology engineers study very small things, like strings of atoms and how they are put together.
 Nuclear engineers design and build nuclear plants. They also study the characteristic behaviors of certain radioactive or unstable elements.
 Structural engineers are dealing with design and analysis of buildings and large non-building structures to withstand both the gravity and wind loads as well as natural disasters.
 Software engineers design and write programs for computers.
Systems engineers look at how complicated things work and try to make them faster and smarter. They look at the big picture.
Many engineering projects are large and very complicated.
Often different kinds of engineers work together and help each other.  As an example, computer engineers need help from electrical engineers to  
build a computer.  The computer needs programs written by software engineers.  The computer could be used by aerospace engineers to control an 
airplane.  An airplane is a big mechanical system with many parts, so a mechanical engineer and a systems engineer are also needed.

Related pages 
 National Academy of Engineering

Notes 

 
Science occupations
In mathematics, a number can not be divided by zero. Observe:

1. 

If B  = 0, then  C = 0. This is true. But:

2. 

(where B = 0, so we just divided by zero)

Which is the same as:

3. 

The problem is that  could be any number. It would work if  were 1 or if it were 1,000,000,000. 0/0 is said to be of "indeterminate form" for this reason, because it has no single value. Numbers of the form A/0, on the other hand, where  is not 0, are said to be "undefined", or "undeterminated." This is because any attempt to define them will result in a value of infinity, which is itself undefined.  Usually when two numbers are equal to the same thing, they are equal to each other. That is not true when the thing they are both equal to is 0/0. This means that the normal rules of maths do not work when the number is divided by zero.

Incorrect proofs based on division by zero
It is possible to disguise a special case of division by zero in an algebraic argument. This can lead to invalid proofs, such as 1=2, as in the following:

With the following assumptions:

The following must be true:

Dividing by zero gives:

Simplify:

The fallacy is the assumption that dividing by 0 is a legitimate operation with 0/0 = 1.

Most people would probably recognize the above "proof" as incorrect, but the same argument can be presented in a way that makes it harder to spot the error. For example, if 1 is written as x, then 0 can be hidden behind x-x and 2 behind x+x. The above-mentioned proof can then be displayed as follows:

therefore:

Dividing by x - x gives:

and dividing by x gives:

The "proof" above is incorrect because it divides by zero when it divides by x-x, because any number minus itself is zero.

Calculus 

In calculus, the above "indeterminate forms" also come as a result of direct substitution while evaluating limits.
Division by zero in computers 
If a computer program tries to divide an integer by zero, the operating system will usually detect this and stop the program. Usually it will print an error message, or NaN. Division by zero is a common bug in computer programming. Dividing floating point numbers (decimals) by zero will usually result in either infinity or a special NaN (not a number) value, depending on what is being divided by zero.

Division by zero in geometry 
In geometry  This infinity (projective infinity) is neither a positive or a negative number, the same way that zero is neither a positive or negative number

Arithmetics
Flamenco pa tos is a Spanish festival of Flamenco music. It is organized by the Gomaespuma Foundation. This festival is the most important festival in Spain. The profits of the festival are used by the Gomaespuma Foundation to help children in Managua. The Festival has been the winner of the National Awards of Flamenco during 2004 and 2005.

Holidays of Spain
Music festivals
Festivals in Spain
Peter the Great (), Peter I () or Pyotr Alekseevich (;  – ) was a czar of Russia. He transformed Russia from an isolated kingdom into a transcontinental superpower. 

He became czar of Russia in 1682, after his sister Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia lost a war. In 1697 he visited Western Europe and decided Russia must have access to the sea. He built the city and seaport of St. Petersburg which became the capital of Russia in 1711. He changed Russia's society, by making new laws so it would be modern like the European countries of the new Age of Enlightenment.  Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov was a close friend of the emperor but was later disgraced due to embezzlement of national funds.

Wars 
These are the wars that Russia fought in when Peter the Great was in charge:

The Great Turkish War: In this war Russia fought against the Ottoman Empire and won. Russia got some fortresses in the town of Azov from the Ottoman Empire.
Great Northern War: Russia was fighting Sweden during the Great Northern War. In 1700 Saxony, Denmark and Russia attacked Sweden. Sweden invaded Russia in 1709 which was not a good idea.  The Russian Army retreated  so the Swedish Army had to chase them.  When a very cold winter came, half of the Swedish soldiers died in the cold. Eventually the Swedish army caught up to the Russian army and they had a battle, called the battle of Poltava. Russia won the battle but most of the Swedish soldiers, including their king, Charles XII of Sweden escaped and went to the Ottoman Empire. Peter didn't like this so he declared war on the Ottoman Empire but he lost and had to give the town of Azov back to the Ottomans.

After that Russia invaded Sweden and conquered  Estonia, Livonia, and Finland.  By 1719 Russia had conquered all of Sweden. Even though Sweden had clearly lost, they did not give up until 1721. In 1721 Sweden  signed the Treaty of Nystad where they agreed to give Estonia, Livonia and Ingria to Russia.
Because Russia was a major power after the war, Peter the Great changed its name from the Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire. 

Russo-Persian War:   At the start of the war Persia was already in chaos and was about to collapse. Peter the Great took advantage of this and invaded Persia. The war went from 1722 to 1723. In the end, Russia won and gained lots of land from Persia but had lost a lot of men from fighting. After Peter died, his heirs struggled for power and all the lands that Russia had conquered were given back to Persia.

Notes

References

1672 births
1725 deaths
Emperors and Empresses of Russia
Russian tsars
House of Romanov
Zaanstad
18th century in Russia
In music, a musical note, otherwise referred to as a musical tone or simply a note or tone, is a small bit of sound of a note system known as the solfege, especially in the United States, similar to a syllable in spoken language. For example: in the first two lines of the song "Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are" there are 14 notes: one for each syllable.

Confusingly, the word "note" can also mean the pitch of a note (how high or low it is). For example: the whole of the song "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" can be played using six different notes: C, D, E, F, G and A.

The word "note" can also mean the written symbol of the note, which shows the note value.

Nearly all music is made up of notes. Music without notes might be sound effects.
Music 
In some Western countries, like the United Kingdom, Germany and the US, the notes (in the sense of the pitches) are given a letter of the alphabet according to their pitch. From lowest sounding to highest sounding: Rest, C, D, E, F, G, A, B. This pattern repeats, so that after G will come A. This A is an octave higher than the first A.
Because there are 12 notes needed in Western music, these 7 notes can have modifiers (symbols or words that change them). The two main modifiers are sharps, which raise the pitch a half-step, and flats, which lower the pitch a half-step. The symbol for a sharp is ♯ (like the hash symbol (American: number symbol): #). The symbol for a flat is ♭ (like a lower-case italic b). To un-flat or un-sharp a note, the natural symbol, ♮, is written before the note. When writing in words (like this page), the symbols are written after the note name, for example: "B♭" means B flat and "F♯" represents F sharp. However, when writing in music notation, the flat, sharp or natural signs are written before the note. A way to remember this is to say: if the sign came after the note, it would be too late, and you would have already played it, so it must go before so that you know what is coming.
Sharps and flats can also be written in key signatures. A key signature is written at the beginning of the piece, and repeated at the beginning of each line. It gives the sharps or flats which are going to be regular in the piece.

Two other modifiers are double sharps, which raise the note a whole step, and double flats, which lower the note a whole step. These are much less common that the simple sharp or flat, but can still be seen in some types of music. The symbol for a double sharp is × and the symbol for a double flat is ♭♭. For example, E♭♭ is another name for D. This is called an enharmonic equivalent. Another enharmonic equivalent is C and B♯.

Other note names 

In some languages, such as the Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian), seven of the notes are named "Do", "Re", "Mi", "Fa", "Sol", "La" and "Si" (or "Ti") instead of "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "A" and "B". These names are the focus for a song in The Sound of Music.
Drum kits do not have notes; they have places on the manuscript where each line means each Drum,
each symbol means each Cymbak on the Kit - how many times to hit it in what speed and beats
in a bar there are usually shown as 4/4 and you count 1 2 3 4 each bar.

Musical notation
Calabria, officially the Regione Calabria, is a region in the southern part of the Italian peninsula. It is the tenth largest Italian region by total area (after Apulia and Toscana) with 5,877 sq mi (15,222 km2). It has more people than any other state with over 2 million people as of 2020. Its largest cities are Reggio Calabria, Cosenza, and Vibo Valentia. The capital is Catanzaro. The region around its borders are Basilicata to the north, the Gulf of Taranto to the east, the Ionian Sea to the south, the Strait of Messina to the southwest, which separates it from the Sicily, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west.

Calabria is the Italian region with the 14th largest economy and one of the most largest in the South .

Provinces 
 Catanzaro
 Cosenza
 Crotone
 Reggio Calabria
 Vibo Valentia

Other websites 
 Official Site (IT) 
 Calabria Web Portal (IT)
There are three cities called Newcastle:
Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear
Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire
Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
WordPress is a piece of software which has become the most widely used content management system and is used for setting up blogs. It is open source, licensed under the GPL, and written in PHP.

Features
WordPress allows users to create and edit websites through a central administrative dashboard, which includes a text editor for modifying content, menus and various design elements.

WordPress provides plugins which provide additional functionality through WordPress Plugin Directory. There are over 54,000+ Plugins available in WordPress repository, and they can be installed through either upload or by one-click installation through the WordPress Plugin Library.

Posts
Users can write posts into the software and other people reading the post can write comments about it.

Users
Since the release of WordPress version 4.7 the software had been downloaded more than 36+ million times.

History
Version 5.8.1 is the latest WordPress release. It was released in September 2021
On May 27, 2003, Matt announced the availability of the first version of WordPress. It was well received by the community. It was based on b2 Cafelog with significant improvements. The first version of WordPress included a new admin interface, new templates, and generated XHTML 1.1 compliant templates.

In June 2010, Automattic, the company founded by WordPress co-founder Matt Mullenweg, transferred the ownership of WordPress trademark and logo to the WordPress Foundation.

Free hosting 
WordPress can be downloaded and installed on any server with PHP installed. However, WordPress has a service for users to host blogs, called wordpress.com. It has a limit of 3 GB of free space, with an option to upgrade for more. Users  cannot  add their own domain to the blog when using free option. But when user will buy one of the packages of WordPress.com, then user can use custom domain name.

References
References

Other websites 
 Wordpress.com - A website that you can create a blog in using WordPress for free
 Wordpress.org - The website to get WordPress that you can install yourself
The outback is the remote areas of Australia. The outback is not a defined area, it is only a term used to refer to locations that are far away from big cities. 
The fertile parts are known as Rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle farming.
Agriculture, tourism and mining are the main economic activities in this vast and sparsely settled area.

Medicine in the outback
Because of the expanses and remoteness in the outback a unique service, The Flying Doctor, was created in 1928. The aim of the service is to provide medical care to people who cannot reach hospitals or other doctors. Consultations are carried out via radio or telephone and for serious situations, doctors are flown out to the patients.
Tourism
Organised travels with a guide to the outback is popular, although some Australian and international tourists travel in their own cars. Such a trip, especially off the few big roads in the outback, requires very good planning and a suitable vehicle (usually four wheel drive). On remote routes considerable supplies and equipment are required. Some big trips cannot be undertaken safely without a convoy of  several vehicles. Deaths of tourists are a regular occurrences because many people are not well-prepared for their outback trip.

Geography of Australia
Marske by the Sea is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland in England. It has three primary schools and one secondary school (Bydales School), a museum, and two train stations.

The village has a Methodist, Roman Catholic (St Bede's) and Church of England (St Mark's) church.

Economy 
Most of the people who live in Marske do not work in the village, but work in the nearby factory or in Middlesbrough or Redcar. Marske has a decent range of local shops. The Longbeck railway station and Marske railway station, which connect to Darlington mainline station, are the only means of transport there.

Other websites 
 Local history 

Villages in North Yorkshire
PayPal is a website that allows transfer of money among people via web services and email. The money can be deposited into a bank account. PayPal was owned by eBay, from 2002 to 2015. It can be used in more than 200 countries.

PayPal allows customers to send, receive, and hold funds in 25 currencies worldwide. However, PayPal is not a bank. Funds that are not used are converted into PayPal's profit.

References

Other websites 

Websites
Finance
Elon Musk
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer who is remembered for his innovative work in film, radio, and theatre. He is considered to be among the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time. Welles was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin.

In 1938 Welles directed a weekly radio show, The Mercury Theater of the Air. His October 30 broadcast of The War of the Worlds (radio drama) created much excitement.

Welles also made the movie Citizen Kane in 1941. Many movie critics think that this movie is the best movie ever made. His later movies are less liked.

Welles died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California, aged 70.

Other websites
Orson Welles  The Orson Welles OTR Archives
 War Of The Worlds  history of the War Of The Worlds radio broadcast and additional historical material on War Of The Worlds
 Mercury Theatre on the Air website provides MP3 and Real Audio files of Welles' radio dramas
 Nazi Eyes On Canada, starring Orson Welles , 1942 CBC war loan series
 Wellesnet The Orson Welles Web Resource
 The Magnificent Ambersons a site that details the strange saga of Welles' second film
 The Unseen Welles  a guide to Welles' unfinished and unreleased projects
 The Orson Welles collection at the Lilly Library, Indiana University
 Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
 UBU Web's 365 Days Project  Outtake from Welles' Frozen Peas commercial.
 MovieMaker Magazine  Article on hoped for eventual release of final Welles movie The Other Side Of The Wind.
  Orson Welles biography
 Orson Welles' Photo & Gravesite
 Orson Welles and the Bat-Man 
 New York Times Obituary
 Biographical resources dedicated to Orson Welles
Orson Welles: The Man Who Was Magic
 Orson Welles - The One Man Band (German documentary, 1995)
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American screenwriters
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
American theatre directors
American voice actors
Theatre producers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Writers from Wisconsin
Actors from Kenosha, Wisconsin
1915 births
1985 deaths
Slobodan Milošević  (Serbian: Слободан Милошевић, pronounced []; August 20, 1941 – March 11, 2006) was a Serbian, Yugoslav leader. He was President of Serbia from 1989 to 1996 and then President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1996 to 2000.

Power
He was the leader of Serbia's ruling Socialist Party. He was a leader in the Yugoslav Wars. He also led his nation to defend itself against NATO aggression that took Kosovo from Serbia. NATO leaders charged him for war crimes and crimes against humanity during the bombing of Yugoslavia. He lost re-election in 2000.

Milosevic did not retreat his army because of NATO's 77 days of bombing. His goal was to keep Kosovo within Serbian parallel structures. Once resolution was passed, he retreated but also managed (with other politicians) to hold on to North Kosovo whose area is 1200KM2 or 11%, where 96% of its population is Serbian whose religion is Christian.
Imprisonment and death
After his fall from power in 2001, he was taken to The Netherlands to stand trial at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, but died after five years in prison before the case could reach a conclusion. He did not recognize the tribunal calling it an American/UN puppet court and said he was being tried for standing up to NATO expansion. Many accusations against him regarding Kosovo proved to be false. It was said by the UN tribunal that Milosevic, who had chronic heart problems and a high blood pressure, died of a heart attack.

References

Other websites

Slobodan Milošević, Indictment and Transcripts (ICTY)

1941 births
2006 deaths
People who died in prison custody
Presidents of Serbia
Presidents of Yugoslavia
Presidents of Serbia and Montenegro
Former dictators
War criminals
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List
The gymnosperms are a group of seed plants which includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetales.

They have naked seeds, in contrast to the seeds or ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms) which are enclosed during pollination. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scale- or leaf-like appendages of cones, or at the end of short stalks (Ginkgo).

The gymnosperms and angiosperms together make up the spermatophytes or seed plants. By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, Gnetales (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo (a single living species).

Fossil gymnosperms include many that do not belong to the four modern groups, including the so-called "seed ferns" (Pteridosperms) and the "cycadeoids" (Bennettitales). Most of the Gymnosperms became extinct in the Cenozoic era (from 65 million years ago to present day).
Some genera have mycorrhiza, fungal associations with roots (Pinus). In some others (Cycas) small specialised roots have  nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Phylogenetics

Related pages
Seed

References

Other websites 
Gymnosperm Database
The Influenza pandemic of 1918 (commonly known as the Spanish flu)  lasted for nearly three years, from March 1918 to December 1920. About 500 million people were infected across the world, which had at the time a population of 1.80 billion people. The pandemic spread to remote Pacific Islands and the Arctic. It killed 50 million to 100 million people. This was three to five percent of the world's population at the time. It was one of the greatest natural disasters in human history.

To keep up morale, wartime censors reduced reports of illness and mortality in Germany, Britain (United Kingdom), France, and the United States. Papers could report the epidemic's effects in neutral Spain (such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII). This situation created the false impression of Spain being especially hard-hit. It also resulted in the nickname Spanish flu.
Often, influenza outbreaks kill young people, or the elderly, or those patients that are already weakened. This was not the case for the 1918 pandemic, which killed mainly healthy young adults. Modern research, using virus taken from the bodies of frozen victims, has concluded that the virus kills through a cytokine storm (overreaction of the body's immune system). The strong immune reactions of young adults ravaged the body. But, the weaker immune systems of children and middle-aged adults caused fewer deaths among those groups.

There is not enough historical and epidemiological data to show where the pandemic started. The pandemic may be a cause of the outbreak of encephalitis lethargica in the 1920s. 

Another swine flu pandemic had happened in the 21st century that turned out to be new strain of H1N1. The outbreak began in Mexico and then the United States and to the world.

Gallery

References

Diseases caused by viruses
1918
1919
1920
Disasters in the 1910s‎
known by name as Takeshi in Japan, is a fictional character in the Pokémon series of video games, Manga, and television series. He is often seen traveling along with Ash Ketchum and Misty on their journeys. One of his gags is that he falls in love with every girl he sees (except for Jessie of Team Rocket). His nickname is "The Rock-Solid Pokémon Trainer" because he uses rock-type Pokémon.

Anime
Brock appears in the first series of the anime. In his first appearance, he has many siblings and is in charge of them and cares for them since his mother Lola is away chasing dreams and his father Flint ran away from the family. After Flint comes back, Brock then picks up and his bags and travels with Ash and Misty throughout the Kanto series. He ends up leaving the group when they get to the Orange Islands to work with Professor Ivy. He later returns and travels with Ash throughout Johto, Hoenn, and Sinnoh. He uses rock-types Geodude and Onix, as well as others like Zubat.
Video games
Brock appears in the games Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow, and the Red and Blue remakes FireRed and LeafGreen as the gym leader of Pewter City. He gives out the Boulder Badge and uses Rock-type Pokémon. He also appears in Gold, Silver, and Crystal and the Gold and Silver remakes HeartGold and SoulSilver as a gym leader the player can face when they get to the Kanto region.

References

Pokémon characters
Anime characters
The Zetland was a lifeboat in Redcar, England, and is the oldest lifeboat in the world which still exists. It was put in Redcar in 1802. In 1858, the lifeboat was given to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). The boat was damaged in 1864, and was to be destroyed - however, following protest it was given to the town's people. Today, it is in its own museum.

Boats
Silba is an island in Croatia. It is found between the islands of Premuda and Olib. It has an area of 15 km² and its population (as of 2001) was 265; with the village of Silba located at the narrowest point in the middle. The main administrative centre is Zadar, found on the mainland.

Mediterranean Islands
Islands of Europe
Geography of Croatia
Ian Lancaster Fleming (28 May 1908 – 12 August 1964) was a British author and journalist. He was best known for writing the James Bond spy novels. He also wrote the children's book Chitty Chitty Bang Bang in 1964.

Fleming was born in London to a wealthy family. He was educated at Eton College. He spent many years working in Britain's Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War. During this time, Fleming helped with the planning and management of two British intelligence units. This experience along with his work in journalism provided much of the background to the stories in his James Bond novels.

Fleming wrote his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale, in 1952. Because of the book's success, Fleming wrote eleven more novels and two collections of short-stories about the British secret agent. 

In total, there have been twenty-six films based on Fleming's famous character. The twenty-sixth, Spectre, was released in October 2015.
Fleming died on 12 August 1964 of a heart attack in Canterbury, Kent, aged 56.

References

1908 births
1964 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Kent
English novelists
James Bond writers
People educated at Eton College
Writers from London
1602 was a common year.
Events 
 3 January – Battle of Kinsale  – the battle happened on 3 January 1602 according to the Gregorian Calendar used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle, although, for the English who were still using the old Julian Calendar, the date of the battle was 24 December 1601
 February 14 – William Shakespeare First performance of Twelfth Night  on Candlemas
 March 20 – The Dutch East India Company is established as The United East India Company by the Dutch States-General
 May 15 – Bartolomew Gosnold becomes the first European to discover Cape Cod.
 June – James Lancaster's East India Company fleet arrives at Achin (now Aceh), Sumatra to deal with the local ruler. Having defeated Portugal's ally, the ruler is happy to do business, and Lancaster seizes a large Portuguese Galleon and loots it.
 November 8 – The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public.
December 11 – A surprise attack by forces under the command of the Duke of Savoy and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (This actually took place after midnight, in the early morning of December 12, but commemorations/celebrations on Fête de l'Escalade are usually held on December 11 or the closest weekend.)
Ben Jonson writes Poetaster
William Shakespeare writes The Merry Wives of Windsor
 Persia and Spain conclude a defensive alliance and declare war on the Ottoman Empire
 In Praque, Florian Mathias performs the first successful bowel surgery – removes a dagger from stomach
 Jesuit missionary Jeronimo de Angeluin arrives in Japan
 A private trading company is established in Copenhagen, with the monopoly on the trade with Iceland.
1676 was a leap year.

Events 
 January 19 - Feodor III become Tsar of Russia.
 The Polish-Turkish War (1671 - 1676) ended
 King Philip's War (1675 - 1676) ended
 Port-de-Paix, Haiti has its first slave revolt

Births
 August 26 - Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of Great Britain
 September 16 - Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, mother of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, grandmother of Marie Antoinette
 October 8 - Benito Jeronimo Feijoo, Galician scholar
 December 19 - Louis-Nicolas Clérambault, French composer
 Alexander Selkirk, Scottish sailor
Deaths 
January 14 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (b. 1602)
January 29 – Tsar Alexis I of Russia (b. 1629)
February 14 – Abraham Bosse, French engraver and artist
March 21 – Henri Sauval, French historian (b. 1623)
April 5 – John Winthrop, the Younger, Governor of Connecticut (b. 1606)
April 29 – Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruijter, Dutch admiral (b. 1607)
June 7 – Paul Gerhardt, German writer of church hymns
July 5 – Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Swedish soldier (b. 1613)
July 22 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
July 25 – François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French writer (b. 1604)
August 11 – Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, German writer
September 10 – Gerrard Winstanley, English religious reformer (b. 1609)
October 28 – Jean Desmarets, French writer (b. 1595)
November 1 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (b. 1589)
December 25 – Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1609)
December 25 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English soldier, politician, and writer (b. 1592)
Events 
San Marino founded (traditional date)
Armenia uses Christianity as a state religion - the first country to do so.

Deaths 
June 5
Sima Lin Emperor of China, Western Jin
Events 
 June 23 – Henry Hudson's crew maroons him, his son and 7 others in a boat
 November 1 – At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeare's romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time.
 Gustavus Adolphus becomes king of Sweden
 Denmark attacks Sweden
 King James Version of the Bible first published in England
 George Abbot becomes archbishop of Canterbury
 Johannes and David Fabricius discover sunspots
 End of the reign of Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan
 Emperor Go-Mizunoo ascends to the throne of Japan
Gov. Sir Thomas Dale arrives at Jamestown from England announcing new rules called "Laws Divine, Morall and Martial."
 Thomas Dale founds the city of Henricus on the James River a few miles south of present-day Richmond, Virginia
Raiders of the Lost Ark is a 1981 American adventure movie directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Lawrence Kasdan. It is based on a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman. It stars Harrison Ford, Karen Allen, Paul Freeman, Ronald Lacey, John Rhys-Davies, Denholm Elliott and Alfred Molina. The movie is about Indiana Jones, a globe-trotting archaeologist. He is competing with Nazi forces in 1936, to recover the long-lost Ark of the Covenant.   

Raiders of the Lost Ark is the first movie of the Indiana Jones series.  It was highly successful and there are four film sequels—Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, and Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny.

Cast
 Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones
 Karen Allen as Marion Ravenwood
 John Rhys-Davies as Sallah
 Denholm Elliott as Marcus Brody
 Paul Freeman as Rene Belloq
 Ronald Lacey as Arnold Toht
 Wolf Kahler as Colonel Dietrich
 Alfred Molina as Satipo
Plot
In 1936, Indiana Jones is trying to find a golden idol in the jungle in Peru. His guide, Sapito, betrays him and tries to take the idol for himself, but is killed in a trap.  After Jones comes out from the temple, he finds his rival Belloq and a dozen of the native people holding spears.  Jones gives up the idol and runs to his airplane.

While he is teaching at Marshall College, the U.S. Army tells him the Nazis are trying to find the Ark of the Covenant.  Jones wants to find it first, so he goes to a bar in Nepal.  His old teacher, Abner Ravenwood, was trying to find the Ark and has the headpiece to the Staff of Ra, a piece that is needed to find the Ark.  His daughter, Marion, now runs Abner's bar and she punches him in the face because they had a romance and he ran away.  She, however, comes along with him after the Nazi Arnold Toht and his friends try to get the piece themselves.
Jones and Ravenwood fly to Cairo and recruit a man named Sallah to help him out. They start digging in the area where they think it is. The Nazis capture Ravenwood and make Jones think that she is dead.  Sallah and Jones do some calculations and realize that the Nazis are digging in the wrong area because their staff is too long. Jones finds the right place and starts digging, finding it in a place called the Well of Souls.  However, Belloq comes back, raises the Ark, and throws Ravenwood in there. They escape.
After a battle, Jones gets the Ark back. Sallah puts it on a ship which sails across the Mediterranean Sea, but the Nazis on a U-boat intercept the ship and search it. Jones escapes.  He then takes a big weapon called Panzerschreck and threatens to blow up the Ark as it is being loaded onto a Greek island north of Crete. Belloq calls Jones' bluff, and Jones lowers his weapon. He and Marion are then tied up as Belloq and the Nazis test the power of the Ark by opening it. The spirits inside kill everyone. Jones and Marion close their eyes and escape the spirits' anger.

At the end of the movie, the Army puts the Ark inside a warehouse. They tell Jones that they are studying it, but Jones does not believe them. Marion tries to comfort him by saying that she will buy him a drink.
Production 
Lucas first had the idea of the Raiders of the Lost Ark in the early 1970s. He wanted to modernize the serial films of the early 20th-century. He further developed the idea with Kaufman, who suggested the Ark as the movie's goal. Lucas eventually focused on developing his 1977 space opera Star Wars. Development on Raiders of the Lost Ark resumed that year when Lucas shared the idea with Spielberg; he joined the project several months later. While the pair had ideas for significant scenes in the movie, they hired Kasdan to fill in the gaps between them. Principal photography began in June 1980 on a $20 million budget. Filming took place on sets at Elstree Studios, England, and on location in La Rochelle, France, Tunisia, Hawaii and California.
Release 
Pre-release polling showed little audience interest in the movie, especially compared to the superhero film Superman II. However, Raiders of the Lost Ark became the highest-grossing movie of 1981, earning approximately $330.5 million worldwide. It played in some theaters for over a year because of its popularity.

Reception 
The movie had very positive reviews from critics. It was a critical success. It has a 96% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Critics praised the movie for its modern take on older serial movies, and its non-stop action and adventure. The cast were all praised, particularly Ford, Allen and Freeman. Raiders of the Lost Ark received numerous award nominations and among others, winning five Academy Awards, seven Saturn Awards and one BAFTA Award. The United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1999.
Legacy 
The movie has had a major impact on popular culture. The movie's success lead to imitations across several media and inspired several filmmakers. It continues to influence modern media. Raiders of the Lost Ark is the first movie in what would become the Indiana Jones franchise. There are also television series, video games, comic books, novels, theme park attractions, toys, board games, collectibles and an amateur remake.

Other websites 

Official site

Review of the movie  by Roger Ebert
An interview with Richard Anderson about the movie's Sound Design and Editing

References

1981 action movies
1981 adventure movies
Indiana Jones movies
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in South America
Movies set in Nepal
Movies set in Egypt
Movies set in Greece
Movies set in deserts
Paramount movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies composed by John Williams
Ash Ketchum (サトシ Satoshi in Japanese) is the main character of the Pokémon anime and the reigning Monarch of the Pokémon World Coronation Series. His first Pokémon was Pikachu, which he has kept since the beginning of the series.

Concept and creation 
Named after his and Pokémon series creator Satoshi Tajiri, Satoshi was designed by Ken Sugimori and Atsuko Nishida, and was meant to represent Tajiri as a child. He has a character similar to him in the games, known as Red, who first appeared as the player-controlled protagonist (main character) in Pokémon Red and Blue. He is a Pokémon Trainer whose goal is to capture and train creatures called Pokémon, and use the creatures' special abilities to fight other Pokémon, or use them for new ways to explore the game's world, such as instant travel between two areas. An animated version of the games later followed, with Satoshi voiced by Rica Matsumoto and was redesigned by Sayuri Ichishi.
Tajiri said in an interview that, between Japanese and American reactions to the series, Japanese customers focused on Pikachu, while Americans bought more items featuring Ash and Pikachu together. He said that he felt the character represented (showed) what the franchise meant, the human nature, was necessary. Ash was given a rival, Shigeru. In an interview, Tajiri said the difference between the character's relationship in the games and anime; while in the games, trainers Red and Blue were enemies, in the anime, Shigeru represented Satoshi's mentor. When asked if in either case Satoshi would beat his rival, Tajiri replied "No! Never!" However, Ash has outdone Gary as a trainer in the anime, and Gary has since become a Pokémon researcher like his grandfather, Professor Oak.

Ash's character design was first managed by Sayuri Ichishi, replaced by Toshiya Yamada during the Diamond and Pearl story line.

Voice acting
Voice acting 

Veronica Taylor did the voice of Ash in seasons one through eight of the English version of the Pokémon anime. After the script was translated from Japanese, the lines were changed to fit the movements of the character's mouth (called lip flap). All the voices were recorded separately so Taylor was the only one there when she said her lines, which took about six to eight hours. Taylor was often the first person to record so she had to imagine how the previous line will be said. "Luckily, I work with a great director who helps with the interpretation of the line, matching of the lip flap, and consistency of the voice." Taylor enjoyed playing Ash because of his "low, husky (scratchy, deep) voice" also well as "energy and excitement".
Taylor said that Ash and the other characters "loosened up" after the first ten episodes of the anime; she believed the writers were more relaxed and felt the pressure of making sure everything was done correctly. Taylor commented: "I enjoy playing [Ash] now much more than I did in the very beginning because I can have fun with him more, and we kind of know him and can work out how he really would react. We have the classic Ash responses and things like that." Sarah Natochenny replaced Taylor in season nine when Pokémon International took over the dubbing rights (replacing and re-recording voices). In Japan, Rica Matsumoto is the voice of Ash.

Appearances

In video games
In video games 

Red, the silent protagonist of Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow and its remakes, Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, has many names, one of which is "Red". Some others are "Ash" (later used for anime character Ash Ketchum) and "Jack". In the game, Red is a young (most people think about 10 years old) boy from Pallet Town. His adventure begins one day when Professor Oak calls the two of them to his lab and gives them each a chance to choose their Pokémon. After getting their Pokémon, Blue challenges Red to a battle. Later, Professor Oak calls both Red and Blue and gives them both a Pokédex each, and sends them on a journey to achieve his dream of capturing every type of Pokémon.

In addition to the anime, Ash has appeared in video games and manga. The only video games that Ash has appeared in to date is Pokémon Puzzle League, where he tries to become a Pokémon Puzzle Master, and Pokémon Yellow, where you play as Ash, starting with a Pikachu.

In the anime
In the anime 

In the beginning, ten-year-old Ash is starting out as a beginner Pokémon trainer in Pallet Town, his hometown. After getting Pikachu as a starter Pokémon from Professor Oak, Ash left Pallet Town to start his journey. Since he left, Ash has traveled the world of Pokémon, competed in many challenges, met main characters Misty, Brock, May, Max, Dawn, Iris, Cilan, Clemont, Bonnie, Serena, Mallow, Lana, Lillie, Sophocles, Kiawe, Chloe, Goh and many other people, and caught many Pokémon. He currently travels on his own now after winning the Pokemon World championship and deciding to go back home in Pokémon ultimate Journeys and has returned to kanto.
Ash has improved a lot as a trainer as the series went by. However, he is still excited and strong-willed. During the first season of the series, Ash trained to catch more Pokémon than his childhood rival (person who you compete against), Gary Oak, although Gary was always shown to be the stronger trainer. He soon began to focus more on each of his Pokémon's abilities. Ash's primary enemy is a group of antagonists named Team Rocket. Ever since the second episode, "Pokémon Emergency!", two Team Rocket agents named Jessie and James, along with a talking Meowth, have tried to steal Ash's partner, Pikachu, as well as many others, but have always failed. While they fight a lot, they sometimes work together against a common enemy, like in Pokémon: The Movie 2000, where they help Ash in finding the three treasures in order to save the world.

In printed adaptations
The descriptions of Ash in the manga The Electric Tale of Pikachu, Pocket Monster Zensho, and Ash & Pikachu, are much like in the anime. There are key differences in the manga, though. In The Electric Tale of Pikachu, it is based on Ash's journey up until the end of the Orange Islands travel. Ash is usually seen traveling by himself during this manga, although he is sometimes joined by Misty and Brock in Indigo. Misty is the only one to join Ash in the Orange Islands. At the end of the series, The Ash & Pikachu manga is similar, although it has the episodes from the anime like "The Fortune Hunters" and "A Goldenrod Opportunity" combined, but with a few changes. In Pocket Monsters Zensho, Satoshi (as Ash is known in Japanese) starts with Charmander instead of Pikachu. The manga ends at the Indigo Plateau, where Satoshi beats the Elite Four
. Manga author Toshihiro Ono said that Ash was one of his favorite characters to draw for the series, saying "I want to go on a trip with Misty just like him! (And forget about job, rent, etc.)".
In the Pokémon Adventures manga, Red is a Pokémon trainer and the main character of the first stories. Red starts off in Pallet Town, eager to be a trainer, and gets a Bulbasaur (who later evolves all the way into a Venusaur) and a Pokédex from Professor Oak. He also has a Poliwhirl which he has known since childhood that evolves into a Poliwrath, and uses these two Pokémon on his adventure. He later captures a troublesome Pikachu, and, after working to gain it's trust, it becomes one of Red's top three Pokémon. Antagonists include his rival, Oak’s grandson Blue, who was given Charmander; Green, another Pokémon trainer from Pallet Town, who stole a Squirtle from Professor Oak; and Team Rocket, a group whose goal was to take over the world through Pokémon.
Critical reception 
The book The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture thought of Ash as an example of customer identification, with the character doing things players of the games had to in order to go further through them. It also made clear the character's growth as the anime series went by.

References 

Pokémon characters
Anime characters
Born can mean:

The past tense verb form of birth
Born again Christianity
Max Born
Born, Luxembourg
Born, Netherlands
A world's fair is a large exhibition of industry and culture. They are also called expositions or expos. This type of exhibition occurs since the middle of the 19th century. The Bureau of International Expositions officially takes care of them. The "Bureau of International Expositions" is usually abbreviated BIE, from the organization's name in French: Bureau International des Expositions.

List of official world expositions (BIE): 

Exhibitions