Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Transformations
 Super Sonic is actually Sonic himself. As Super Sonic, Sonic is faster and stronger, and he is gold in color. He becomes Super Sonic only if he finds all seven Chaos Emeralds and, in the old games, gets 50 gold rings. He was first shown in Sonic the Hedgehog 2. Many other characters have a Super form. For example, Knuckles can become Super Knuckles.
 Hyper Sonic: Hyper is like Super Sonic, but he is even more powerful. His color is always changing. Hyper Sonic was in Sonic the Hedgehog 3 and Knuckles and was not in any other Sonic the Hedgehog games. Super Sonic becomes Hyper Sonic if he finds the 7 Super Emeralds and fifty gold rings and then double jumps.
Items
 Chaos Emeralds: The Chaos Emeralds are 7 stones that have been around for a very long time. There is very powerful energy in them that has both evil and good power. As a result, both good guys and bad guys are constantly looking for them. Sometimes, characters can transform by using their energy. For example, Sonic becomes Super Sonic.
 Super Emeralds: The Super Emeralds are present only in Sonic 3 & Knuckles. These are even more powerful than the Chaos Emeralds. When Sonic collects them all, he can become Hyper Sonic.
 Master Emerald: The Master Emerald is a very special green gem that is much larger than the Chaos Emeralds. It holds a great power that can even control the Chaos Emeralds. It is on Angel Island, the floating island where Knuckles lives. Knuckles guards and protects the gem. He is also one of the only people able to control its power.
Rings: Also called "power rings" or "magic rings", these are golden rings which contain a special power. In the games, Sonic will die if he is attacked without rings, but with more rings, he can survive.
 Monitors: These items are seen across levels. They give power-ups when opened, such as shields, rings, or extra lives. But some can hurt you.
Voice actors
Throughout the years, Sonic has went through several different voice actors. Jaleel White began voicing the character in the DiC animated series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, as well as Sonic SatAM and Sonic Underground. White also reprised the role again in the 2013 Sonic fan film.

Beginning in 1998, Sonic was voiced by Ryan Drummond, starting with Sonic Adventure. He continued to voice the character for six more years until 2004, his final performance as Sonic was in Sonic Advance 3. Drummond was replaced by Jason Griffith starting with the anime series, Sonic X, with Griffith voicing Sonic within the games starting with Shadow The Hedgehog in 2005, he voiced the character for four more years until 2009 in Sonic and the Black Knight. However, his recycled dialogue as Sonic was used in Sonic & SEGA All-Stars Racing. After his departure from the role in 2010, Griffith did continue to voice Sonic in various 4Kids promotions until September 2014, when the Vortexx program came to an end.
Griffith was replaced by Roger Craig Smith, starting with Sonic Free Riders and Sonic Colors. Smith announced on his Twitter account on January 29, 2021, that he would no longer voice Sonic, with his departure confirmed by Sega the same day. On May 26, 2021, Smith announced that he will continue to voice Sonic once again. Ben Schwartz voiced Sonic in the 2020 feature film and reprised the role for the 2022 sequel.

Deven Mack voices Sonic in the 2022 animated Netflix series Sonic Prime.

References

Other websites 

 American website
 European website
 Sonic Channel

Mascots
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in 1991
Sonic the Hedgehog characters
Video game characters in movies
For the fictional character, see Sonic the Hedgehog

A hedgehog, also called a hedgepig or furze-pig, is a small mammal. It has between 5000 and 7000 spines on its back. There are hedgehogs in Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand. When attacked or threatened, it curls up. Hedgehogs eat insects, snails, frogs and toads, snakes, bird eggs, carrion, mushrooms, berries and melons. Sometimes, hedgehogs will search for earthworms after rainstorms.

Hedgehogs are nocturnal animals and they hibernate between November and March.

Description 
Hedgehogs have long spines, or quills, made of keratin. They do not come off easily, unlike porcupines, but in baby hedgehogs, the baby quills drop off and are replaced with adult quills. This is called "quilling". When they are very stressed or sick, their quills can fall off, too. Their quills are not poisonous: they are safe for humans to feel and touch, as they are not very sharp, or harmful.
Pets 
Some people keep hedgehogs as pets. African pygmy hedgehogs are the most common type that are kept as pets. They live 2–4 years in captivity. Hedgehogs are exotic pets, which means they may not be legal to keep as pets in some places.

References

Other websites

 
 Hedgehog reference at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
 Hedgehog Facts 
 Hedgehog Care and Advice 

Eulipotyphla
is a media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi. It is developed and owned by Square Enix. Final Fantasy is a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games (RPGs). It also includes movies, anime, printed media, and other products.

The first game was published in 1987. The game was a success. It had sequels. The video game has since branched into other Video game genres. Some of these genres are tactical role-playing, action role-playing, massively multiplayer online role-playing, racing, third-person shooter, fighting, and rhythm.

Most Final Fantasy games are independent stories. They have different settings and main characters. Recurring elements include plot themes, character names, and game mechanics. Plots center on a group of heroes fighting evil and exploring their internal struggles and relationships. Character names are borrowed from history, languages, and mythologies of many cultures.
The series is a commercial and critical success. It is Square Enix's best selling video game franchise. It sold more than  units. It is one of the best-selling video game franchises. It was awarded a star on the Walk of Game in 2006. It has seven Guinness World Records in the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008. Final Fantasy is known for its innovation, visuals, and music. It includes full motion videos, photo-realistic character models, and orchestra music by Nobuo Uematsu.
Types 
There are two main types of Final Fantasy game: the main series, where the games are just numbered with Roman numbers, and several related games and spinoffs. Each of the games in the main series have very little to do with each other, with its own setting, story, and characters. Some exceptions include Final Fantasy X and X-2, the sequel, or Final Fantasy XIII and Final Fantasy XIII-2 and Lightning Returns. But the games are connected through the gameplay, themes, and 'style'. Newer sequels and prequels are Final Fantasy X-2 and the Compilation of Final Fantasy VII games and films.

History 
Since 1987, more than seventeen games have been released. The series started on Nintendo Entertainment System, but today most Final Fantasy games are made for the Sony PlayStation or PlayStation 2. Games have also been released for the Nintendo Game Boy and GameCube. Final Fantasy VII is generally regarded as one of the pinnacle achievements of gaming. A must-play for any gamer.
In 2001, Columbia Pictures made a CGI movie called Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within.

Exceptions 
While it is not actually a Final Fantasy game, one game called Final Fantasy Adventure was released in America for the Nintendo Game Boy. The game was actually a prequel to the SNES game Secret of Mana, but was released in the United States with the name "Final Fantasy" to boost sales. In 2003 it was remade for the Game Boy Advance with the title Sword of Mana. In Japan, the Mana series is called Seiken Densetsu, which means "Legend of the Sword." There are three games in the series, but only the first two, Secret of Mana and Sword of Mana, have been released in the United States.

Gameplay
Gameplay

In Final Fantasy, players control a group of characters. They go through the game's story by exploring the game world and defeating enemies. Enemies are found randomly. This changed in Final Fantasy XI and Final Fantasy XII. The player gives combat orders. These orders are "Fight", "Magic", and "Item". The orders are given to individual characters through a menu. This menu appears when in battles.
The games have used different battle systems. Before Final Fantasy XI, battles were turn-based. The main characters and bad characters were on different sides of the battlefield. Final Fantasy IV introduced the "Active Time Battle" (ATB) system. It made better the turn-based system with a time-keeping system. This system was designed by Hiroyuki Ito. It gave a feeling of urgency and excitement to the fights. It required the player to act before an enemy attacks. It was used until Final Fantasy X. This game had the "Conditional Turn-Based" (CTB) system. This new system returned to the old turn-based system.

Magic is common in the game. The way characters get magic depends on the game. It is generally divided into classes organized by color: "White magic" focuses on spells that heal teammates; "Black magic" focuses on hurting enemies; "Red magic" is a combination of white and black magic, "Blue magic" copies enemy attacks; and "Green magic" focuses on applying status effects to teammates or enemies.
There are other types of magic like "Time magic". This magic focuses on time, space, and gravity; "Summoning magic" brings legendary creatures to help in battle. This magic has appeared since Final Fantasy III. Summoned creatures are called names like "Espers" or "Eidolons". They are inspired by mythologies from Arabic, Hindu, Norse, and Greek cultures. 

Different means of transportation have appeared through the series. The most common is the airship. There are also chocobos for travelling short distances. Others include sea and land vehicles. Following Final Fantasy VII, more modern and futuristic vehicles have appeared.

Released Final Fantasy games
For Nintendo Entertainment System:
Final Fantasy
Final Fantasy II
Final Fantasy III

For Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES):
Final Fantasy IV
Final Fantasy Mystic Quest
Final Fantasy V
Final Fantasy VI
For Sony PlayStation:
Final Fantasy VII (also released for PC)
Final Fantasy Tactics
Final Fantasy VIII (also released for PC)
Final Fantasy IX
Final Fantasy Origins
Final Fantasy Anthology
Final Fantasy Chronicles

For Sony PlayStation 2:
Final Fantasy X (a high definition remake is currently in development for PS Vita)
Final Fantasy X-2
Final Fantasy XI (also released for PC and Xbox 360)
Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII
Final Fantasy XII

For PlayStation 3:
Final Fantasy XIII
Final Fantasy XIV

For Sony PlayStation 4
Final Fantasy XV

For Xbox 360:
Final Fantasy XI
Final Fantasy XIII
Final Fantasy XIII-2
Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII

For Xbox One:
Final Fantasy XV

For Nintendo Gameboy:
Final Fantasy Adventure
Final Fantasy Legends
Final Fantasy Legends 2
Final Fantasy Legends 3

For Nintendo Gameboy Advance
Final Fantasy Tactics Advance
Final Fantasy IV Advance
Final Fantasy V Advance
Final Fantasy VI Advance

For Nintendo GameCube:
Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles
For Nintendo Wii:
Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King
Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time
Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Crystal Bearers

For Nintendo DS:
Final Fantasy III
Final Fantasy IV
Final Fantasy Tactics A2: Grimoire of the Rift

For PlayStation Portable:
Final Fantasy VII Crisis Core
Final Fantasy I and II remade
Final Fantasy Tactics: The War of the Lions
Final Fantasy Dissidia

For PC:
Final Fantasy XI
Final Fantasy XIV
Final Fantasy XV

Released Final Fantasy movies
Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within
Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children
Last Order: Final Fantasy VII

Future Games
A list of upcoming Final Fantasy games.

Final Fantasy XVI (Playstation 5)

References
Georges Brassens (October 22, 1921 - October 29, 1981) was a French singer and songwriter. He sang La mauvaise réputation (the bad reputation) and Le gorille (the gorilla).

1921 births
1981 deaths

French singers
French songwriters
Display resolution is the number of pixels displayed on a given surface. This is one of the numbers that say the capability of a computer monitor. 

For example: a "640 by 480 display", which has 640 pixels from side to side and 480 from top to bottom (as in a VGA display), and therefore has a total number of 640 × 480 = 307,200 pixels or 0.3 megapixels, is what is meant by 640 × 480 display resolution.

Related pages
Pixels per inch
Frequency

Display technology
The cervix is the bottom part of the womb (uterus) of the female reproductive system. The cervix is about 1 inch long. It is in the shape of a cylinder. The shape changes during pregnancy. There is a thin, central cervical canal that runs through its length. This canal connects the womb and the vagina. The opening into the uterus is called the internal os. The opening into the vagina is called the external os. The lower part of the cervix bulges into the top of the vagina. The cervix has been written about since at least the time of Hippocrates, over 2,000 years ago.

References

Anatomy of the female reproductive system
Bullets are small metal objects fired from guns. Many kinds of bullets are made from lead covered with copper. They are put into a package called a cartridge, which is put into a gun. The bullet is at the front of the cartridge (number 1 in the picture).  The bullet is pushed out of the gun by hot gases at a high pressure. A powder called gunpowder (number 3 in the picture) is put inside the case (number 2).  A small explosion from the primer (number 5 in the picture) lights the gunpowder. The gunpowder burns very fast. It makes hot gases. The hot gases are at a high pressure. The high pressure pushes the bullet out of the gun barrel at a high speed.
Bullets are weapons.  Soldiers and police use them.  They are used for self-defense.  They are used for hunting animals for food or as a sport, but are also used for shooting targets. There are many kinds of bullets.  Each gun takes a certain size, or caliber, of bullet.  Rifles and handguns use different kinds and sometimes a gun uses more than one kind of bullet.

Although the word "bullet" is often used for a cartridge round, a bullet is not a cartridge but rather a part of one.  A round of ammunition cartridge includes the bullet (which is the projectile), the case (which holds everything together), the propellant (which provides most of the energy to shoot it) and the primer (which ignites the propellant).

Design
Design

Bullet designs have to solve two main problems. A bullet must fit tightly in the gun's bore (inside of the barrel). If it does not fit tightly, gas from the burning gunpowder leaks past the bullet and does not help push it out. The bullet must also fit tightly against the rifling (spiral grooves cut into the barrel), but not so tightly that it causes damage. Bullets must have this tight fit without causing too much friction.  Bullets must be made to a high standard. Poorly made bullets may not be accurate. Poorly made bullets can damage the gun or hurt the person using the gun. The way the bullet behaves in the barrel is called 'internal ballistics'.
The laws of physics can be used to understand how a bullet moves after it leaves the barrel.  The way the bullet behaves after it leaves the barrel is called 'external ballistics'. The main factors affecting the aerodynamics of a bullet in flight are the bullet's shape and the rotation from the rifling of the gun barrel. Spinning helps stabilize the bullet gyroscopically and aerodynamically (spinning keeps it on track). Any small differences in the shape of the bullet are mostly canceled as it spins. The first guns did not have rifling. With smoothbore firearms (no rifling), a round bullet was best because it was the same in any position. But these bullets were not very stable. They were also not very accurate. Still, the round shape of bullets did not change very much for hundreds of years.
Bullet design also affects what happens when a bullet hits an object. The way a bullet behaves when it hits a target is called 'terminal ballistics.' The make-up and density of the target material, the angle at which the bullet hits, and the speed and design of the bullet itself are all factors. Bullets are usually made to go into a target, change shape, and/or break apart. For a given material and bullet, the speed of the bullet is the main factor determining what happens.

Making bullets go faster increases the kinetic energy even more. This effect is big, so people have tried (and succeeded) to make bullets that go faster and weigh less. Modern firearms take much lighter bullets and shoot them much faster than was the case in World War I. This makes the firearms better in two ways. The magazine (which holds the cartridges in the gun before they are fired) holds more of the smaller, lighter bullets. Also, the higher speed causes much more damage than the old-style bullets.

Bullet types
Bullet types

Rifle bullet
 Rifles are used for target shooting and killing. A rifle bullet can be described by its accuracy, penetration, shape, size, and mass (weight). There are many different kinds of rifle bullets.

The Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) is a type of bullet commonly used by the military. A lead center (core) is surrounded by a strong metal coating (jacket). This jacket is usually made of a copper alloy, but sometimes it is made of steel.  The FMJ does not spread out when it hits a target. It goes deep into its target and is a general-purpose bullet. The FMJ is not recommended for hunting. It is mostly for target shooting and military use.
The Jacketed Hollow Point (JHP) has a lead center (core) with lead showing at the tip.  It also has a strong metal coating (jacket). The center of the tip has a hole in it (hollow point).  This design makes the tip of the JHP quickly start to spread out (expand) when it hits a target. The hollow point bullet in a rifle can be as small as a pin. When the hollow point is this small, the bullet will go faster and still spread out when it hits a living target. In some hollow point rifle bullets, the front may spread out to two times as wide as the bullet was when it started. It is a good hunting bullet because the energy in the bullet is transferred to the target at a known depth.  The jacketed hollow point tends to be accurate and is sturdy.
The plastic tipped bullet is a hollow point bullet.  The hollow point is filled with a hard, pointed plastic tip. It is used because it can go further than the JHP and does not curve as much. The plastic tipped bullet also spreads out or breaks into pieces when it hits the target.
A solid copper bullet is a bullet that has no lead core or other elements than copper. This bullet expands into a flower shape when it hits a target, because copper bullets are usually hollow point. The copper bullet contains no lead, so it is also better for the environment. In rifles, it is widely used for hunting and other sports.

A frangible bullet will break into many pieces upon contact with any material harder than itself. This bullet is used for safety while shooting. It has little impact on the environment. It also makes the objects behind the intended target a little safer.

Handgun bullet 
 
Handguns are mostly used for sport target shooting or self-defense. Police use the pistol because they can easily carry it and have it ready to use.
Pistol bullets have some of the same names as rifle bullets, such as full metal jacket (FMJ) or jacketed hollow point (JHP).  For example, there are hollow point pistol bullets that also spread out a lot when they hit a target. However, in a pistol bullet, the hollow point can be much larger.  The hollow point causes the pistol bullet to slow down faster due to air resistance.  However, a pistol bullet does not have to travel as far as a rifle bullet.  The hollow point in a pistol bullet can be almost as wide as the bullet. When a hollow point pistol bullet hits a target, it almost completely flattens itself.  A solid copper pistol bullet is usually hollow point, and is mainly used for self-defense and/or target shooting.
A flat nosed bullet is mostly used in handguns, although there are also some rifle bullets called flat nosed. The flat nose on a pistol bullet can be as wide as the bullet. The "flat nose" on a rifle bullet may be much smaller. The flat nosed bullet tends to have a low ballistic coefficient. This means that it slows down faster than pointed bullets. Flat nosed bullets are sometimes used to prevent the explosion of the next cartridge in a magazine when the gun recoils. Flat nosed bullets also spread out quickly when they hit a target.  This makes them useful for fighting at close range when the bullet should not hit what is behind the target.  After hitting the target, it becomes almost inside out.
A frangible pistol bullet will break apart on contact. It is usually made of a copper jacket over pieces of either round or twisted lead pieces that are glued together. The glue breaks apart when the bullet hits the target. The pieces spread out. This creates a larger surface area.  This kind of bullet cannot go deep into a target.  It is safer to use when it is important not to hit anything on the other side of the target.

References

Other websites

http://www.arizonagunlist.com/ammunition_types.html 
http://www.midwayusa.com/content/legacy/bullet_composition.htm 
http://www.rathcoombe.net/sci-tech/ballistics/methods.html 

Ballistics
Ammunition
Frankfort is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kentucky. It has been the state capital since December 8, 1792. It is the county seat of Franklin County, and has been since 1795. It's located between Lexington and Louisville Kentucky.

Frankfort is beside the Kentucky River. This is how the city earned its name, because the land was owned by pioneer Stephen Frank. First called "Frank's Ford", the name was soon shortened to Frankfort.

Within a century the population of Frankfort grew from 9,487 in 1900, to 27,741 in 2000. The members of the city commission and the mayor are elected by the citizens.

The mayor of Frankfort in 2008 is Gippy Graham.

References

Other websites 
 City of Frankfort Website

State capitals in the United States
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Shah Rukh Khan (born 2 November 1965), popularly known as SRK, is an Indian actor and film producer who works in Hindi films. He is also known as the "Badshah of Bollywood", "King of Bollywood" and "King Khan". He was born in New Delhi, his grandparents having moved there from Afghanistan and Peshawar. He started his career appearing on television in the late 1980s. He is Muslim and studied at a Muslim school. He is married to Gauri Khan, a Hindu, and has three children: Aryan, Suhana and Abhay. He also has a sister named Shehnaz Lalarukh. He has a master's degree.
He is one of the biggest stars not just in Bollywood, but also around the world. According to Forbes richest list, Shahrukh's net worth in dollars is $770 Million and according to the world of Statistics Shahrukh Khan's net worth is more than Hollywood actor Robert De Niro ($500m), George Clooney ($500M), Jackie Chan ($520M), and Tom Cruise ($620M). He stands out on the 4th number top 100 richest lists.  After playing a role in his 1999 superhit movie, Badshah, everyone gave him the title name Badshah. He is also known by another name, King Khan. Shahrukh Khan charges movies more than 50 crores in Indian rupees. He earns 22M dollars annually.

Movies

Awards

References

Other websites 

1965 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
Actors from New Delhi
Game show hosts
Masashi Tashiro (田代まさし, born August 31, 1956 in Saga Prefecture) is a former Japanese television performer and member of Japanese musical group Rats & Star. He was brought up in Shinjuku, Tokyo. On December 21, 2001, Tashiro was the first Japanese person chosen by the American magazine Time as "Person of the Year".

Tashiro was fired from the entertainment world in 2001 because of scandals. 

1956 births
Living people

Japanese musicians
People from Saga Prefecture
New Orleans is a city in the state of Louisiana in the United States. It is the largest city in Louisiana, and the 49th-largest city in the U.S. It is the capital of Orleans Parish. It was named in honour of the French Duke of Orléans (then Regent of France).

History 
The city began as the capital of Louisiana (New France), part of the first French colonial empire at the mouth of the Mississippi River. It became a territory of the United States when President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. It became one of the world's great seaports. All the land is low, originally just a short vertical distance above sea level.  In the last three hundred years, the city has sunk slowly into the marshy soil. Large portions of New Orleans are now below sea level. A system of many pumps, dikes, sea walls, and levees were built.

The Battle of New Orleans was fought here in 1815. The capture of New Orleans in 1863 was an important step in the defeat of the Confederacy in the American Civil War
Over half of the grain that is sent by ship to other countries, comes first by barge through the Port of New Orleans. The grains are grown in the farming states bordering the Mississippi River, the Missouri River, and Ohio Rivers. Much of the crude oil that is made into gasoline and diesel fuel is brought to New Orleans for oil refinery and distribution to other parts of the United States by barge or oil pipeline. Also, there are many oil well platforms nearby, in the Gulf of Mexico.

Hurricane Katrina 

On August 29, 2005, New Orleans was affected by Hurricane Katrina.  The special systems built to protect the city failed in several ways.   It is estimated that more than three quarters (3/4) of New Orleans was under water in early September 2005.  Sewer, phone, electric and fresh water systems failed.  Many people drowned.  Many homes were completely covered with water.  Important records, some from the French period of the 18th century were destroyed.
For years, many people believed that a flood in New Orleans would happen.  A very serious flood happened several hundred miles upstream, on the Mississippi delta, when heavy rains fell in 1927. The hardships from that flood led many people to move away. Many moved to Chicago.

After Hurricane Katrina, many people who lived in the flooded city moved to other places in the US. Many people were afraid to move back. Their jobs and homes were  gone and their possessions were lost. The people who could move back spread to many other states. Texas received the most flood victims. Many volunteers and charities are helping the flood victims to relocate to new homes and, at the same time, repair homes and services in this city. Several years after Katrina, New Orleans still had much fewer people than it did before the hurricane.

Culture 
New Orleans has a large African American, Creole and French population. Voodoo, brought by African slaves, is practiced in the city.
New Orleans is known for its French culture, French architecture, Creole and Cajun cuisine such as gumbo and jambalaya, and Mardi Gras.

References

Other websites

1718 establishments
18th-century establishments in Louisiana
Louisiana
 
Parish seats in Louisiana
Mamluks are members of a military caste that controlled Egypt from 1254 to 1811. Other mamluks held power in some other Muslim countries. The word means "slave" in the Arabic language and they began as slaves. In 1517 the Ottoman Empire conquered them, but Mamluks continued to be powerful. Muhammad Ali Pasha defeated them and took control of Egypt in 1811.

Other websites
 Qur'an Carpet Page; al-Fatihah is an Islamic holy book that was owned by Mamluks from the 1300s

History of Egypt
Egyptian military people‎
1254 establishments
1811 disestablishments
Establishments in Egypt
Disestablishments in Africa
13th-century establishments in Africa
Laurent Clerc (born Louis Laurent Marie Clerc December 26, 1785 in Isère - July 18, 1869) co-founded the first school for the deaf (people who cannot hear) in the United States.

Deaf people in America respected Clerc and call him the "Father of the Deaf" because he founded the first school for the deaf in America in Hartford, Connecticut.  Clerc and Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet founded that school on April 15, 1817 in an old hotel.  The school moved to its present location in 1821 and is now named The American School for the Deaf.  The American School for the Deaf is the oldest school for the deaf in the United States.

Other websites
Name sign for Laurent Clerc
http://ia300102.us.archive.org/3/items/Laurent_Clerc/clerc.mpg

1785 births
1869 deaths
French teachers
American teachers
Deaf people
People from Isère
Ivory is a hard yellowsh-white material made from the tusks and teeth of animals such as elephants, hippopotamuses and walruses. Ivory is now very rare and expensive since there are restrictions on hunting elephants for ivory. There are also laws against the trade of ivory. Some countries (including Zimbabwe and South Africa) argue that these laws should be removed or changed, to allow them to sell some ivory. 

Ivory has been used to make piano keys, billiard balls, handles and small ornaments. After ivory was banned, these items were usually made from plastic. Many of the earliest plastics were meant to be substitutes for ivory. Ivory has been used in artworks, such as carvings, since ancient times. 

Ivory color represents quiet and pleasantness.  

Natural materials
Brazil is subdivided into 26 states and 1 Federal District (the capital city Brasília).

Center-West Region 
 
 Federal District (capital Brasília)
 Goiás (capital Goiânia)
 Mato Grosso (capital Cuiabá)
 Mato Grosso do Sul (capital Campo Grande)

North Region 

 Acre (capital Rio Branco)
 Amapá (capital Macapá)
 Amazonas (capital Manaus)
 Pará (capital Belém)
 Rondônia (capital Porto Velho)
 Roraima (capital Boa Vista)
 Tocantins (capital Palmas)

Northeast Region 

 Alagoas (capital Maceió)
 Bahia (capital Salvador)
 Ceará (capital Fortaleza)
 Maranhão (capital São Luís)
 Paraíba (capital João Pessoa)
 Pernambuco (capital Recife)
 Piauí (capital Teresina)
 Rio Grande do Norte (capital Natal)
 Sergipe (capital Aracaju)

South Region 

 Paraná (capital Curitiba)
 Rio Grande do Sul (capital Porto Alegre)
 Santa Catarina (capital Florianópolis)

Southeast Region 

 Espírito Santo (capital Vitoria)
 Minas Gerais (capital Belo Horizonte)
 Rio de Janeiro (capital Rio de Janeiro)
 São Paulo (capital São Paulo)
A vice president is someone who helps a president conduct his or her duties. A vice president also takes over if a president is not available. In business and in government a vice president (VP) is below a president in rank. Vice is comes from Latin meaning 'in place of'. In British English a vice president in business is called a director. In some countries, a vice president is called a deputy president.

Terms and abbreviations 
 Senior Executive Vice President (SEVP) 
 Deputy President (DP) 
 Executive Vice President (EVP)
 Senior Vice President (SVP)
 First Vice President (FVP)
 Assistant Vice President or Associate Vice President (AVP)

Related pages 
 Deputy prime minister

References 

 
Government occupations
The triple jump (also known in certain countries as a triple hop, step and jump or hop, skip and jump) is a athletics event. It has been a part of the World Championships since 1995. The event consists of someone running up to a line, jumping and landing on the same foot (a hop), jumping onto the other foot (a skip) and then jumping into a shallow pit of sand. The winner is the person whose final jump lands the farthest from the line they started jumping at. It is a common game played on playgrounds.

Events in athletics
Texas hold'em is a popular version of the card game poker.

How to play 
Before any cards are dealt, two players to the left of the dealer make bets which are called the "Small Blind" and "Big Blind". These forced bets must be at least matched by the other players in order to keep their hands. The big blind is twice as much as the small blind. If the big blind was $1000, then it is said that the blinds are 500 and 1000. This money is put into a place in the center of the table that is called the "pot"
After the first turn of betting is over, the dealer lays three cards face up on the table. This is called the "Flop". These three cards are "community cards". This means they are used by every player in the game along with the two hole cards each player has. After the flop, another turn of betting takes place. There is no starting bet in this turn (no blinds) unless a player makes a bet. Players may "Check" or bet nothing if no player before them in the turn has bet. If everyone checks, or if a player bets and all the others call or fold, then the round of betting is over.

Next the dealer lays another community card face up. This card is called "the turn" (or 4th Street). Another series of betting comes after this. This betting is the same as after the Flop.

Finally the dealer lays the last community card known as "the river" (or 5th Street). This card is again followed by a turn of betting, calling and folding by the players.
With the five community cards and their two-hole cards, each player makes the best 5 card poker hand he can. The player with the best poker hand wins the round and the pot. If two or more players have the same hand, those players split the pot evenly. If one person bets and all other players have folded, the hand ends then and that player wins.

Styles of play 
Texas Hold'em can be played several ways, including Limit, Pot Limit and No Limit games. The version of the game usually is the maximum a player can raise at any one time.

Limit 
Limit games have a set amount that a player can raise at any time. If a game has a $10 limit, then a raise must be exactly $10. If more than one person raises, each one can only raise $10 more than the last raise. Typically, there is a "cap" of 3 raises per round. Also, when playing limit, the bet and raise amount will usually double for the turn and river betting rounds.
Example 
In a 4 player game, Player A bets $10. Player B raises $10 (puts in $20 total), Player C calls Player B (puts in $20). Player D at this point can either fold, pay $20 (call player B) or raise $10 to a total of $30. Player A would go next and either call (paying the difference between his $10 bet and the current bet). This would continue until all players either call or fold.

Pot Limit 
In Pot Limit games, the most a player can bet or raise is the total amount in the pot. With each bet or raise, the amount in the pot gets larger. This allows for larger raises.

Spread Limit 
In Spread Limit games, there is both a minimum and a maximum raise specified. For example, one could play $5–50 spread limit. The big blind would be $5 and the minimum raise would be $5 and the maximum raise would be $50.
No Limit 
In No Limit, there is not a limit of how much can be bet at any time. That is, it is just like Spread Limit, but with no maximum. A player can bet up to all money as he has. If a player bets all of his money, he is said to be "All In". If a player bets more money than another player has, the second player can call by going All In. If only those two players stay in the hand (all other players fold), the first player takes back any money that is over the amount the player going All In has. At this point, all betting stops and the dealer deals out the rest of the cards.
If a player goes All In and two or more players are still betting, the other betters can raise each other until they both call (or one of them also goes All In). A "side pot" is made in this case. It is the difference between the final bet and the first person's All In. Only the two players were not All In can win this pot. If the All In player wins the hand, he wins the main pot (his money plus an equal amount from each other player) and which ever of the other two players had the better hand wins the side pot. In an eight player game, it is possible to have several side pots with several people being All In at the same time. If there are not two player left who can bet, betting stops and all players turn their hands over.

Example 
Player A bets $5000. Player B only has $3000. He goes All In. Player C Raises $2000 (puts in a total of $7000). Player A calls (puts in $2000). At this point, the main pot is worth $9000 ($3000 from each player). The side pot is worth $8000 ($7000–3000 from Players A and C)
Tournaments are what people often see when poker is shown on television. When a player enters a tournament, he pays an entry fee called the "buy-in." Most of his buy-in is placed with other player's money in the prize pool. Usually, a small portion of the buy-in is kept by the tournament officials for their expenses (and profit). The player is given a table and seat assignment, and a certain number of chips - the same amount as every other player. Unlike normal chips, these tournament chips have no cash value (though they often are referred to with dollar amounts). Players must continue to play until they run out of chips. The tournament continues until one player has accumulated all of the chips. The order in which people lose all their chips (or "bust out"), is their finishing order. That is, the last player to bust out is the second-place finisher. The prize pool is divided amongst a fraction of the top finishers (usually about 10%)
. The first-place winner usually gets a much larger share, with the prizes diminishing until the prize pool is empty. The player who was the last player to finish without winning any prize is said to have finished "on the bubble."
As players bust out of the tournament, the average player's chip stack gets larger. In order to insure that the blinds do not become insignificant in the face of the growth in chip stacks, tournaments are played in timed "rounds." At the beginning of each round typically the blinds increase. Every few rounds there will be a short break between rounds. For tournaments that last longer than a day, there will be a last level for the day, and the tournament will resume the next day.

Most tournaments only allow a player to buy-in and receive chips once, at the beginning. These are called "freeze out" tournaments. Some tournaments allow players to buy-in more than once for the first few levels of the tournament. These players are said to "re-buy" and the money they use to re-buy goes into the prize pool with the rest of the buy-ins.

Other websites 
 Pokersites 
 Poker Hand  - Poker hands list

Poker
Creationism is the religious belief that the universe was created in the way described in religious books. According to Genesis, God directly created life from the nothingness that was before, by fixing the chaos that was.  Other religions have different creation myths.  The first approach is known as creatio ex nihilo, which is the Latin name for creation from nothing.

The idea that God created the world has been taught for thousands of years by writers such as Augustine of Hippo.

Creationism as it is known today started in the 19th century by fundamentalist Protestants who were opposed to the theories that scientists began to put forward about geology and evolution.

In the 20th century, creationist movements also started in Islam and Judaism.
Belief 
Creationists do not believe that all of today's living things came about from simple organisms changing or evolving slowly over time. They  believe that life was created much as it is today, and that one form of life cannot change into another. While biologists and paleontologists say that fossils are different from the life we see today, and can be put into order to show changes over time. Young Earth Creationism says life was created in a short time, in its current form. They point to the Flood of Noah to account for most rock formations and most fossils. There is also an Old Earth creationism.
Christian Creationism 
Young Earth Creationism goes completely against conventional geochronology. This kind of creationism says God created the earth roughly 6,000 or 10,000 years ago as told in Genesis. Young Earth Creationists believe that God created the world in six days (with God resting on the seventh) as the Book of Genesis says.  Young Earth Creationism says that Noah's flood is important to creationism. They argue that "the first buried fossils of each group are complete and complex (complicated), strong support for the biblical concept (idea) that each kind of life was created well designed to multiply after its own kind." They believe that the Bible is literally true (see Biblical inerrancy).  Some people say a problem with this is that fossils appear in layers called strata.  
Fossils that paleontologists believe evolved earlier are found in rocks that geologists think are older.
Fossils that paleontologists believe evolved later are found in different rocks that geologists think are younger.
If fossils were of animals drowned in the flood scientists think they would be mixed together. Christian creationists say this happened because of the Noahic Flood, and point to fossils of animals that died quickly. They offer many defenses. Some of these are:1. Fossils that were buried quickly, as in Lagerstätten. One fossil Creationists talk about is where one fish is eating another fish when it was buried.2. Polystrate fossils are fossils that go through multiple rock layers. Christian scientists say this can't happen if the rock layers were formed quickly3. Bent rock layers are rock layers that are bent in a way that Christian scientists say can not happen over millions of years. Christians say there are a lot of these.Other creationists believe God created everything between 13,000  and 14,000 million years ago.  This is called Old Earth Creationism.
Creationists point to the perfection of Earth's size, shape, and distance as designed by God, and Earth's imperfections as proofs that the Earth is dirtied by humans' sin.

The term creationism can be used with more than one meaning. 
Sometimes creationism means that God created life and evolution did not happen.
Other times creationism means just that God created everything but this could have happened long ago and theistic evolution may have happened.

Liberal Christians do not believe in Biblical inerrancy and say God used evolution to create mankind and other life. This idea is called theistic evolution.
Islamic Creationism 
Islamic creationism is the belief that the universe (including humanity) was directly created by Allah as in the Qur'an. Currently, Islam takes religious texts literally. Many scholars say that Genesis is a corrupted version of God's message. 
There is also a creation myth in the Qu'ran, but it is more vague than Genesis. This allows for more interpretation. Several liberal movements within Islam generally accept the scientific positions on the age of the earth, the age of the universe and evolution.

Islam also has its own form of Theistic evolution, which says that mainstream scientific analysis of the origin of the universe is supported by the Qur'an. Many liberal Muslims believe in evolutionary creationism.
Khalid Anees, president of the Islamic Society of Britain attended a conference called 'Creationism: Science and Faith in Schools'. During that conference, he made points including the following:  There is no contradiction between what is revealed in the Quran and natural selection and survival of the fittest. However, some Muslims, such as Adnan Oktar, do not agree that one species can develop from another. Other Muslims do believe that one species can develop from another.

But there is also a growing movement of Islamic creationism. Like the movement in Christianity, Islamic creationists are concerned that the findings of evolutionary theory might contradict what is written in the Qu'ran.

There are several verses in the Qur'an which some modern writers have interpreted as being compatible with the expansion of the universe, Big Bang and Big Crunch theories:
"Do the disbelievers not realize that the heavens and earth were ˹once˺ one mass then We split them apart? And We created from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?"

"Then He turned towards the heaven when it was ˹still like˺ smoke, saying to it and to the earth, ‘Submit, willingly or unwillingly.’ They both responded, ‘We submit willingly.’"

"We built the universe with ˹great˺ might, and We are certainly expanding ˹it˺."

"On that Day We will roll up the heavens like a scroll of writings. Just as We produced the first creation, ˹so˺ shall We reproduce it. That is a promise binding on Us. We truly uphold ˹Our promises˺!"

Baha'i creationism 
The Bahá'í Faith considers the creation narratives in previous Abrahamic religions to be symbolic and not literal. Bahá'í Faith also accepts that the Earth is ancient. Baha'ullah existed at the same time as Charles Darwin, so was aware of Darwin's works.
Scientific criticism 
Religious communities in the United States encourage the inclusion of supernatural explanations of the origins
of both life and the universe as a whole.
Evolution was not included in school textbooks until the 1960s.
In 1987, the United States Supreme Court acknowledged creationism is not scientific, and
should not be taught in public schools.

Related pages 
 Human timeline
 Life timeline
 Nature timeline
Fundamentalism

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Creationism
 How creationism works
 Creation and Evolution Both?  Examines whether Biblical creation and neo-darwinistic evolution can be reconciled.
 Evolution, Creationism & ID Timeline  Focuses on major historical and recent events in the scientific and political debate
 Evolution Sciences versus Doctrines of Creationism and Intelligent Design
 . A Guide for Museum Docents
 What is creationism? from talk.origins.
 The Creation/Evolution Continuum  by Eugenie Scott.
 Armies of the Night  by Isaac Asimov.
 Workers have stake in defending science a materialist statement on creationism by The Militant, 2005.
 Edward J. Larson and Larry Witham Leading scientists still reject God in Nature, Vol. 394, No. 6691 (1998), p. 313. Online at Freethought-web.org 
 Creationism: The Hindu View
 Biologos is a Christian organization that sees evolution as factual. 

Intelligent design
The flute is a musical instrument. A person who plays the flute is called a flutist.

There are many kinds of flutes. The most common concert flute is on C tuning. In addition, there are other flutes like piccolos, alto flutes, and bass flutes.

Flutes have changed over time. Pan flutes were made for many centuries. Later, the "Renaissance flute" came into use. In Baroque music flute means recorder, so flutes were called traverso in order not to confuse them. A Bavarian flute maker named Boehm reformed flutes largely to enlarge the volume and improve the way of using the chromatic scale. Later improvements created the modern flute.
There is a large repertoire of music for the flute. Baroque composers used them in their orchestras, usually in pairs, and composed concertos, chamber music and solo music for them. This has continued to the present day. Orchestras have at least 2 flutes each, sometimes three or four. Sometimes there is 1 piccolo which plays an octave higher, or an alto flute which plays a fifth lower than the flute.

The flute sounds very bright and cheerful playing high notes. Please listen, for example, to the Badinerie from Bach's Orchestral Suite no 2. It can also sound very thoughtful or sad when playing in its lowest register. A good example is the opening of Debussy's Prélude à l'après midi d'un faune also flutes Andre a brass instrument and can make a really low pitch.  

Playing