Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Below is a list of events that happened in the years from 360 to 369.



360 
 The Huns invade Europe

Births 
 John Cassian, Desert Father and Christian saint
 Saint Mesrob, Armenian monk and theologian 
 Saint Ninian, missionary to Scotland 
 Tao Sheng, Chinese Buddhist scholar 
 Wang Fahui, empress during the Jin Dynasty

Deaths 
 Eustathius of Antioch, Patriarch of Antioch 
 Murong Jun, emperor of the Former Yan

361 
 November 3 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever. He names his cousin Julian the Apostate his successor.  
 December 11 – Julian becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire. He rules from Constantinople and tries to restore paganism. 
 Ministers and followers of Constantius II are put to trial at the Chalcedon tribunal.
 July 10 – Jin Aidi becomes emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Deaths 
 Apodemius, Roman officer and secret agent
 November 3 – Constantius II, Roman Emperor 
 George of Cappadocia, archbishop of Alexandria 
 Jin Mudi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
 Li Shi, emperor of the Chinese Ba-Di state Cheng Han 
 Song Hun, regent of the Chinese state Former Liang
 Wang Xizhi, Chinese calligrapher

362 
 An earthquake strikes Nicaea (Turkey).
 An earthquake strikes Al-Karak (Jordan).

Births 
 Flavia Maxima Constantia, daughter of Constantius II  
 Jin Xiaowudi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Deaths 
 Dorotheus of Tyre, bishop and martyr 
 Princess Dowager Ma, concubine of Zhang Jun

363 
 May 29 – Battle of Ctesiphon
 June 26 – Battle of Samarra
 Petra, capital of the Nabataeans, is damaged by an earthquake.
 April 20 – The planet Venus occults the planet Jupiter.

Births 
 Sulpicius Severus, Christian writer 
 Wu Di, emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty
Deaths 
 Consort Zhou, concubine of Jin Chengdi
 June 26 – Julian, Roman Emperor 
 Zhang Xuanjing, ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang

364 
 February 17 – Emperor Jovian dies after ruling for eight months. He is found dead in his tent at Tyana.
 February 26 – Valentinian I is made Emperor by the Roman army. 
 March 28 – Valens, brother of Valentinian I, is made co-emperor.  He begins to kill people for being pagan.
 Valentinian I started the Valentinian Dynasty.  He lives in Paris. 
 Britain suffers Barbarian raids.
 Theon of Alexandria, Greek mathematician, sees a solar eclipse (June 16) and a lunar eclipse (November 25).

Births 
 Sima Daozi, regent of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
 Xu Xianzhi, high official of the Liu Song Dynasty

Deaths 
 Ge Hong, Chinese taoist and government official 
 February 17 – Jovian, Roman emperor
365 
 July 21 – earthquake and tsunami destroy Crete and Alexandria.  They also affect Italy, Greece, and Palestine.
 September 28 – Procopius revolts.  He called himself Emperor, and took control of Thrace and Bithynia.
 March 30 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Feidi becomes emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He has no actual power. His granduncle Sima Yu truly rules.

Births 
 Kou Qianzhi, Chinese high official and Daoist
 Tao Qian, Chinese poet
 Tufa Rutan, prince of the Xianbei state Southern Liang

Deaths 
 Charietto, German headhunter  
 November 22 – Felix, antipope
 Hillel II, Jewish religious leader
 March 30 – Jin Aidi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
 Wang Muzhi, empress and wife of Jin Aidi
366 
 January 31 – Athanasius of Alexandria returns from his fifth exile. 
 April – Emperor Valens defeats the troops of Procopius in the Battle of Thyatira.
 Valens builds a pontoon bridge across the Danube.  This lets the Visigoths travel farther north.
 The Tabula Peutingeriana, a map showing Roman places and roads, is made about this time.
 October 1 – Damasus I becomes 37th pope.

Births 
 Yao Xing, emperor of the Chinese Qiang state Later Qin

Deaths 
 Acacius of Caesarea, bishop and Christian leader of Arianism 
 September 24 – Pope Liberius
 Marcellus, general and Roman usurper
 May 27 – Procopius, Roman usurper
 Yu Daolian, empress and wife of Jin Feidi
 Zhi Dun, Chinese Buddhist monk and philosopher
367 
 Battle of Solicinium
 Great Conspiracy: Romans revolt and allow Picts to attack Britain. Also the  Scotti from Hibernia (Ireland), and the Saxons from Germania attack. 
 Eunomius of Cyzicus is made to live in Mauretania.  This is because he kept Procopius safe.
 The first Korean official goes to Japan. 
 November 16 – Antipope Ursicinus is made to live in Gaul.
 Epiphanius of Salamis becomes bishop of Salamis, Cyprus.

Deaths 
 Hilary of Poitiers, bishop and Doctor of the Church
 Murong Ke, general and statesman of Former Yan

368 
 Great Conspiracy: Picts, Scotti and Saxons reach Londinium and plunder the city. 
 An earthquake strikes Nicaea (Turkey).

Births 
 Eustochium, Desert Mother and saint 
 Juqu Mengxun, prince of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang 
 Philostorgius, Anomoean church historian

Deaths 
 Caesarius of Nazianzus, physician and politician 
 Hilary of Poitiers, bishop and Doctor of the Church
369 
 Spring – Emperor Valens crosses the Danube at Noviodunum (Romania).  He attacks the Gothic tribes. Their king Athanaric is defeated.
 Fritigern becomes king of the Visigoths.
 Count Theodosius brings Britain fully back to the Empire after the Great Conspiracy of 367.
 Chinese troops of the Jin Dynasty are defeated by Former Yan of the Xianbei.
 Goguryeo invades Baekje.

Births 
 Huan Xuan, warlord and emperor of the Jin Dynasty
Note: Sometimes the 60s is used as shorthand for the 1960s, the 1860s, or other such decades in various centuries

Events and trends 
Rebellion in Roman Britain led by Boudica (60 or 61)
Great fire of Rome, 64
Great Jewish Revolt against Roman occupation begins (66–73)
The suicide of Roman Emperor Nero leaves the throne vacant. Several candidates for the throne emerge resulting in a year of civil war known as the Year of the four emperors (68–69).
Batavian rebellion in the Roman province of Germania Inferior (69–70).
The Gospels of Mark, Matthew and Luke are being written.

Significant people 
Nero, Roman Emperor (54–68).
Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman Emperor (68–69).
Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman Emperor (69)
Aulus Vitellius, Roman Emperor (69)
 Titus Flavius Vespasianus, Roman Emperor (Vespasian, 69–79).
Paul of Tarsus, Christian evangelist
Boudicca, rebellious British queen
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, Roman general
Julius Civilis, rebellious Batavian prince
A population pyramid is a graph. It has two back-to-back bars. These bars show the population in groups of ages, with woman in one side and man in the other side.

The pyramids show the age distribution of the place, which can help in understanding and predicting the development of a country.

There are three types of population pyramids:
Stationary pyramid shows a constant population, with equal birth rate and death rate
Expansive pyramid shows a growing population
Constrictive pyramid shows a shrinking population

In this type of graph, a wide base means a very high birth rate and a narrow base means a low birth rate.

Population
To may mean:

 .to, the country code top-level domain for Tonga
 "Metropolis" in Japan (都); Tokyo is a metropolis
 "Province" in Korea (도; 道: to is the McCune–Reischauer spelling of do); see Provinces of Korea
 Romanisation of the Japanese kana と and ト.
 Terrell Owens, a professional football player in the NFL

Basic English 850 words
And or AND may be any of the following:
 Logical conjunction, a two-place logical operation used in logic and mathematics
 Binary and, a bitwise operator used in computer programming
 AND gate, a digital logic gate used in electronics
 The 3-letter and NATO country code for Andorra

Other 
 The standard abbreviation for the constellation Andromeda

Basic English 850 words
A quarry is a type of open pit mine that is used to get rocks and minerals from the ground. Quarries are often used to cut stone from the ground in large pieces or blocks. These are called dimension stones. They are used for building things. Some quarries fill with water to make small lakes when they are no longer being used for mining.

The largest granite quarry in the world is run by Rock of Ages Corporation in Vermont, USA..

Related pages
 Mineral
 Mining
 Stone

References

Mining
The Central Powers were a group of nations fighting against the Allied Powers during World War I.

The members included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria and their territories. The Central Powers lost the war. The Triple Entente was composed of France, Russia and the United Kingdom. These were later joined by Japan and Italy 

World War I
Military alliances
A Soxhlet extractor is a kind of laboratory equipment. It is made of glass. Franz von Soxhlet invented it in 1879.  It has a flask, an extraction chamber, and a condenser. It can be used for solid-liquid extractions. 

In this discontinuous extraction process, the extraction solvent inside the boiling flask is evaporated and re-condensed in the distillation column above. It then falls down onto the solid material requiring extraction. The chamber containing the solid material is connected to the boiling flask below by a syphoning mechanism seen in the Pythagorean cup, which allows the chamber to fill to a point, at which it will empty its contents and start to fill again and the extracted compounds will accumulate in the boiling flask below.
Uses 
Chemists use it to remove a material from a solid. It is useful when removing materials that do not dissolve well in any solvent. Chemists use a solvent such as ether or alcohol in the extractor. The Soxhlet extractor applies the solvent repeatedly to the solid until enough of the material dissolves.

Related pages
 Solubility

Laboratory equipment
Analytical chemistry
Italia may mean
Italy, the modern country
Italia (Roman province), the Roman province on the Italian peninsula
Dreams are what a person sees and hears in their mind when they are sleeping. They are often similar to real life in some ways, but can also be very strange. Dreams can be so real, the person dreaming may not believe they are awake. This tends to happen during a false awakening, where a person dreams of waking up. A person has around 4 - 6 dreams per night, and tend to only remember the last two. 

Sometimes a person realizes during a dream that they are dreaming, but keeps having the dream. This is called a lucid dream. This happens very little for most people, but for some people it happens often. During a lucid dream, a person usually has full control over their body, as well as the environment around them. There are no limits in lucid dreams, sometimes not even the imagination.
Most people remember their dreams in some way or another, even if it is only a small part, but children are very likely to remember most of their dream clearly. It is often easier for people to remember dreams if they write down what happened in the dream just after they wake up. Because of this, many people have dream diaries where they describe each dream they have. This is called dream recall, and the more it is done the better they remember their dreams. If a person is woken up during a dream, they tend to have a much more reliable memory of it.

Nightmares are dreams which scare or shock people. Nightmares are usually based around that person's everyday fears, like spiders or dark places, but even a dream that's not about those things can feel unpleasant. Nightmares are caused by many different things: being uncomfortable or in pain while sleeping, sickness, stress, or even eating right before sleeping.
There are many different theories about why people dream and what their dreams mean. Every person has different dreams. Some psychologists believe that dreams reflect what is happening in the unconscious mind (the part of the mind that works by itself). Others think that people, places, and objects in dreams are symbols for other things in the dreamer's real life. Throughout history people have tried to make sense of dreams to learn things from them, and have often used them for divination or fortune-telling. Today there are still many books and websites devoted to making sense of dreams.

Ancient ideas on dreams 
Generally speaking, ancient civilisations thought dreams were messages from the gods (see the works of Homer) or alternatively some kind of prophecy. However, they knew that often dreams misled the dreamer, and invented various explanations for this. Aristotle started off with ideas like this, but later became more skeptical, and denied the divine origin of dreams.
Freudian theory 
In his Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud connected them to his ideas on psychotherapy. Dreams, in Freud's view, are forms of "wish fulfillment". They are attempts by the unconscious to resolve a conflict of some sort. Because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a "censor" in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious. Freud describes three main types of dreams: 1. Direct prophecies received in the dream; 2. The foretelling of a future event; 3. The symbolic dream, which requires interpretation.

Some authors, such as Hans Eysenck, have argued that the dreams Freud cites do not really support his theories. Eysenck argues that Freud's examples actually disprove his dream theory.

Modern work 
Since Freud, the emphasis has been on the biology of dreaming.
The discovery of REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM sleep has been important. Researchers have done many studies on this. Subjects have been woken up in both stages and asked what they were thinking about. It is clear that the reports from non-REM stages were different from REM stages. In particular, dreams occur mostly when the brain is in the REM state. There is also some relationship between dreaming and daydreams. Both seem to occur in a cycle of 90110 minutes.

Apparently, "there is no evidence that a more useful understanding of personality can be gained from them than can be divined from the realities of waking behaviour".
If sleep is prevented, people suffer and get worse at every kind of waking activity. From this it is clear that one important function of sleep is to maintain normal brain activity during awake time. Somehow, during sleep the brain gets restored to its normal functioning. Sleep is, so far as is known, universal amongst vertebrates. That also argues for its great importance. However, it is not known whether dreaming supports this repair function of sleep, or whether it is something which just happens.

References 

Psychology
VOA Special English words
Consciousness
Sleep
Base can mean: 
as a noun:
In mathematics:
Base (mathematics), or radix, the number of digits in a numeral system, e.g. base 10
Base (geometry), the bottom of a triangle.
In sport:
Base (baseball), the 3 canvas bags and home plate
In architecture:
The bottom of a building or other structure
A part of some types of column, below the shaft
A pedestal, supporting a statue or other item
A defined area that contains shelter, equipment, and resources:
a place which helps people live in a hostile environment, such as a Moon base or a base in Antarctica
a Military base, which provides shelter, military equipment and personnel
Other uses:
In a transistor, the base is the controlling connection to the junction.
Islamic Extremist group Al-Qaeda is literally translated into English as 'The Base.'
Base (chemistry), the "opposite" of acid, sometimes known as an alkali
as a verb
Made from the ideas of... Developed from... First known as...
In sport:
BASE jumping - jumping with a parachute from a fixed place like the top of a building or a bridge
A frenulum (or frenum) is a small fold of tissue that prevents an organ in the body from moving too far.

Frenulum as a term in zoology is dealt with under wing coupling.

Human anatomy 
There are several frenula in the body, including several in the mouth, some in the digestive tract, and some connected to the external genitalia.

Oral tissue 
Frenula of the mouth are found under the tongue and inside the upper and lower lip. These can easily be torn by blows to the face or mouth. A torn frenulum is sometimes a warning sign of physical abuse.

Vulvular tissue 
In the female, genital frenula can be found in the clitoris and where the labia minora meet at the back.

Penile tissue 
The word frenulum on its own is often used for the frenulum preputii penis. This is an elastic band of tissue under the glans penis that connects to the prepuce, or foreskin to the vernal mucosa. It help contract the prepuce over the glans. It may be removed during circumcision.
It is possible for the frenulum of the penis to tear during sexual activity. This does not cause a great deal of pain  but can cause an alarming amount of blood loss. This is not a medical emergency. The frenulum will heal by itself after the bleeding has stopped.

Related pages
 Circumcision
 Foreskin
 Wing coupling

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Mouth
Anatomy of the female reproductive system
Ejaculatory ducts are part of the human male anatomy. They cause the reflex action of ejaculation. Each male has two of them. During ejaculation, semen moves through the ducts and leaves the body through the penis.

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
The corpus cavernosum penis (or corpus cavernosum urethrae) is one of two sponge-like sections of tissue in the male penis. They contain most of the blood during an erection. The term literally means "cave-like body"

Process 
The corpus cavernosum are placed along the length of the penis. They are found along the penis shaft, from the pubic bones to the head of the penis. The spongy tissue fills with blood. The blood comes from arteries down the length of the penis. The blood fills the corpora cavernosa. This causes it to swell. When swollen, it holds 90% of the blood involved in an erection. This increases both the length and circumference of the penis.

Blood can leave only through a system of veins around the outside wall of the corpus cavernosum. The expanding tissue constricts these veins. This preventing blood from leaving. The penis becomes rigid as a result. 

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Torchwood is a British science fiction television programme. It is about a secret organisation protecting the Earth from aliens. It has been shown on TV channels in Britain including BBC One, BBC Two, and BBC Three. It can be viewed on Netflix and is sometimes shown on American TV channels including Starz . The show is a spin off of the British television series Doctor Who. It follows the Cardiff, Wales section of a secret group called the Torchwood Institute. The Torchwood Institute examines things that aliens cause to happen on Earth. They also collect alien equipment to use.

The series is set in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. Series 1 takes place after Doctor Who Series 2. Series 2 takes place in between Doctor Who Series 3 and Series 4. Because the shows are science fiction and some characters live forever, it is hard to track down the exact times in which Doctor Who and Torchwood overlap.
Torchwood stars John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness, the leader of the Cardiff Torchwood Institute. Barrowman also played Harkness in Series 1, Series 3 and Series 4 of the current Doctor Who (2005). Eve Myles plays Gwen Cooper, a policewoman who joins the group. Gareth David-Lloyd stars as Ianto Jones, a person who helps out and is a love interest of Jack. Jack Harkness, Ianto Jones, and Gwen Cooper are the central cast members. Also, Naoko Mori plays scientist Toshiko Sato. Burn Gorman plays Doctor Owen Harper.

Because the show is set in and around Cardiff, many of the local attractions like the Millennium Centre and Cardiff Bay are shown in the series. Country settings around Glamorgan are also used many times in the series.

The programme is aimed at adults and older teenagers.

The third series is a five episode long story named Children of Earth. Children of Earth has returning cast members John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness, Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper, and Gareth David-Lloyd as Ianto Jones.
The fourth series is a ten episode story named Miracle Day. Miracle Day has returning cast members John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness and Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper.

List of episodes

Series 1 episodes (2006-2007)

Series 2 episodes (2008)

Children Of Earth episodes (2009)

Miracle Day Episodes (2011)

References

Other websites 

 BBC - Torchwood
 BBC - Torchwood on Twitter
 BBC - Torchwood on Facebook
 BBC - Torchwood on YouTube

2006 British television series debuts
2000s British drama television series
2000s LGBT television series
2000s science fiction television series
2010s British drama television series
2010s LGBT television series
2010s science fiction television series
BBC television dramas
British LGBT television programmes
British science fiction television series
Doctor Who
Glamorgan
LGBT drama television series
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
A bulbourethral gland (or Cowper's gland) is one of two small glands found in the reproductive system of human males. They are like Bartholin's glands.

Anatomy 
Bulbourethral glands are found near the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia. The bulbourethral glands are about the size of a pea. They appear to slowly get smaller as a person gets older.

They are made of several lobules held together by a fibres.

Uses 
During sexual arousal each gland makes a clear liquid known as pre-ejaculate or "pre-cum". This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through. It also helps clean out any urine or dirt.

Gallery

References 

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Glands
Below are some of the important events that happened between 380 and 389.



380 
 January or February – Emperor Theodosius I is baptized.
 February 27 – Edict of Thessalonica: Theodosius I, with co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II, say that all Roman citizens should become Christians.
 The Rock of Cashel is built in Ireland.
 The Visigothic chieftain Fritigern dies. His rival Athanaric becomes king of the entire Gothic nation.

Births 
 Aelia Eudoxia, empress and wife of Arcadius 
 Alexius, Eastern saint
 Eucherius, bishop of Lyon 
 Hephaistio of Thebes, Egyptian astrologer

Deaths 
 Peter II, Patriarch of Alexandria
 Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire
 Wang Fahui, empress of the Jin Dynasty

381 
 Roman Emperor Gratian moves the capital to Mediolanum (modern Milan).
 The Visigothic chieftain Athanaric becomes the first foreign king to visit the East Roman capital of Constantinople.
 Flavian succeeds Meletius as Patriarch of Antioch.
 Timothy succeeds Peter as Patriarch of Alexandria.
Births 
 Helian Bobo, emperor of the Chinese Xiongnu state Xia

Deaths 
 Athanaric, king of the Visigoths

382 
 Roman Emperor Gratian removes the Altar of Victory from the Senate.

Births 
 Jin Andi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty 
 Sima Yuanxian, regent during the Jin Dynasty

383 
 Niall of the Nine Hostages becomes the first High King of Ireland.
 Hadrian's Wall is overrun by the Picts.
 January 19 – Arcadius becomes Roman Emperor.
 Roman troops in Britain call Magnus Maximus Emperor. He crosses over to the continent and makes Trier his capital.
 King Ardashir II dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Shapur III.

Births 
 Lupus of Troyes, French bishop and saint

Deaths
 August 25 – Gratian, Roman Emperor 
 December 10 – Pope Damasus I
 Frumentius, the "Apostle to Ethiopia"
384 
 Magnus Maximus returns to Britain to help them with the Barbarians raids.
 An edict of Theodosius I closes pagan temples in the Nile Valley.
 King Shapur III signs a treaty with Theodosius I. Armenia is divided in two kingdoms.
 December 17 – Pope Siricius succeeds Damasus I as the 38th pope.

Births 
 September 9 – Honorius, Roman Emperor
 Chu Lingyuan, last empress of the Jin Dynasty
 Maria, empress and daughter of Stilicho 
 Sengzhao, Chinese Buddhist 
 Wang Shen'ai, empress of the Jin Dynasty

Deaths 
 December 11 – Pope Damasus I
 Chu Suanzi, empress of the Jin Dynasty 
 Geungusu, king of Baekje 
 Murong Hong, founder of the Xianbei state Western Yan
385 
 Jinsa of Baekje becomes the 16th king of the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje.
 Copper extraction and casting begins in the mines of Kansanshi in southernmost Africa.
 Ammianus Marcellinus begins writing a history covering the years 96 to 378.
 The Serapeum in Alexandria is destroyed.
 Aurelios Zopyros becomes the last reported athlete at the Ancient Olympic Games.

Births 
 Avitus, Western Roman Emperor 
 Murong Chao, emperor of the Xianbei state Southern Yan 
 Murong Xi, emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan 
 Saint Patrick, missionary in Ireland 
 Paulus Orosius, historian and theologian
 Xie Lingyun, Chinese poet of the Southern and Northern Dynasties

Deaths 
 Aelia Flaccilla, Roman empress and wife of Theodosius I
 Chimnyu, king of Baekje (Korea)
 Dao An, Buddhist monk of the Jin Dynasty
 Fú Jiān, emperor of the Chinese Di state Former Qin
 Murong Wei, emperor of the Xianbei state Former Yan
386 
 The Greuthungi cross the Danube to raid the Roman garrisons.
 Magnus Maximus invades Italy.
 The Northern Wei Dynasty begins in China.

Births 
 Jin Gongdi, last emperor of the Jin Dynasty 
 Nestorius, founder of Nestorianism

Deaths 
 Cyril of Jerusalem, theologian and saint
 Duan Sui, ruler of the Western Yan
 Fu Pi, emperor of the Former Qin 
 Jin Feidi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty 
 Murong Chong, emperor of the Western Yan 
 Murong Yao, emperor of the Western Yan
 Murong Yi, ruler of the Western Yan
 Murong Zhong, emperor of the Western Yan

387 
 Spring – Emperor Theodosius I increases the taxes in Antioch. The peasants start a riot.
 Magnus Maximus invades Italy. Emperor Valentinian II, age 16, is forced out of Rome.
 Winter – Emperor Theodosius I takes Valentinian II into protection.

Deaths 
 Aelia Flaccilla, wife of Theodosius I
 Alatheus, chieftain of the Ostrogoths
 Saint Monica, mother of Augustine of Hippo
388 
 Battle of the Save: Emperor Theodosius I defeats Magnus Maximus near Emona.
 Valentinian II is restored as Roman Emperor.
 August 28 – Magnus Maximus surrenders at Aquileia and is executed. 
 Bahram IV becomes the twelfth Sassanid king of Persia.
 Emperor Chandragupta II, ruler of the Gupta Empire, begins a war against the Shaka Dynasty in West India.

Births 
 Yao Hong, emperor of the Chinese Qiang state Later Qin

Deaths 
 Flavius Victor, son of Magnus Maximus and co-emperor 
 Qifu Guoren, ruler of the Xianbei state Western Qin
 Shapur III, king of the Sassanid Empire

389 
 All pagan buildings in Alexandria are destroyed by fire.  This includes the library.

Births 
 Geiseric, king of the Vandals and Alans

Deaths 
 Mao, Chinese empress and wife of Fu Deng 
 January 25 – Gregory Nazianzus, theologian 

380s
Rugby could mean:

The sport of rugby football, which may be played in many different forms or ways:
Rugby union - (often referred to as Rugby or Union)
Rugby sevens - (often referred to as Sevens)
Rugby league football - (often referred to as League)
Touch rugby - (often referred to as Touch)
Wheelchair rugby
Tag Rugby
Rugby coaching

Places:
Rugby, Warwickshire, England, UK
Rugby (borough)
Rugby and Kenilworth  constituency
Rugby constituency - Former constituency
Rugby, New South Wales, a small town in Australia
Rugby, Cape Town, South Africa
Rugby, North Dakota,USA
Rugby, Tennessee, USA
Rugby, Brooklyn, USA
Rugby Park, Scotland (Kilmarnock FC's stadium)
Rugby Park Stadium, rugby stadium in New Zealand

Other meanings:
Rugby School
Rugby (automobile)
Rugby railway station
Rugby Ralph Lauren, a brand from Ralph Lauren
A fermion is a category of elementary particles. They are very small and very light. Fermions can be thought of as the building blocks of matter because atoms are made up of fermions. Paul Dirac named them fermions in honor of the famous scientist Enrico Fermi.

An electron (a charged particle) is a fermion, but a photon (the particle of electromagnetic radiation) is not.  The spin numbers of fermions are 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc. Because their spin is not a whole number, they follow the Pauli exclusion principle: no two fermions can share a quantum state (which includes position in space), if they have the same quantum numbers, such as spin. In other words, fermions can collide with each other. This behavior is not in the other class of elementary particles called bosons: you can have many bosons, for example photons, in the same place at the same time. The motion of fermions follows the Fermi-Dirac statistics.
Most well known fermions have spin of 1/2. An example of a type of fermion with a spin of 1/2 is the electron. The electron belongs to a group of fermions called leptons.

Fundamental fermions (fermions that are not made up of anything else) are either quarks or leptons. There are 6 different types of quarks (called "flavours") and 6 different types of leptons. These are their names:
 Quarks — up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom
 Leptons — electron, muon, tau, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino
Each of these fermions also has an anti-particle associated with it, so there are a total of 24 different fundamental fermions. The anti-particle is similar to the original particle, but with opposite electrical charge. The "up", "charm", and "top" quarks have electrical charge of +2/3. Their anti-particles have charge -2/3 (anti-up, anti-charm, anti-top). The other three quarks (down, strange and bottom) have charge -1/3, and their anti-particles have charge +1/3. The electron, muon, and tau leptons all have charge of -1, and their anti-particles (anti-electron or "positron", anti-muon, anti-tau) have charge +1. All the neutrinos and anti-neutrinos have charge 0. The main difference between quarks or leptons with the same charge is their mass.

The supersymmetric counterpart of any fermion is called a "sfermion."

Elementary particles
A boson is a particle which carries a force. It has a whole number spin (spin is a property of subatomic particles).  Bosons carry energy. 

A photon is an example of a boson as it has a spin of 1 and carries electromagnetism. Mesons are also bosons as they carry nuclear force.

Bosons are different from fermions, which are particles that make up matter, because bosons obey Bose-Einstein statistics. (This means that you can put two of them in the same place at the same time; the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply.) 

Gauge bosons carry fundamental forces. There are three known gauge bosons, which are elementary particles.  For example, the photon carries the electromagnetic force. The three types of gauge bosons are: photons for electromagnetism, gluons (eight kinds) for strong force, and W and Z bosons (three kinds) for weak force. Other theoretical gauge bosons are predicted, such as gravitons for gravity. The Higgs boson is another fundamental particle of a type called a scalar boson.
Paul Dirac named this class of particles "bosons" in honor of a famous Indian scientist called Satyendra Nath Bose.

The bosons include the photon, the gluon, the Z boson, W boson and the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson also might be classified by itself. Since none of them have a charge, the antimatter version of them will also not have any charge.

Elementary particles
| Subatomic particles
Jürgen Klinsmann (, born 30 July 1964) is a German football player who started in Stuttgart, a club in Germany, when he was seventeen. In 1990 he won the FIFA World Cup with the Germany national team. Later, he also played for Internazionale Milano, Monaco, Tottenham Hotspur and Bayern Munich. In 2004 he became the coach of Germany national team, that was third in the World Cup of 2006.Taking his place in the German team is Joachim Löw. Klinsmann coached the United States men's national team from 2011 to 2016 and then Hertha BSC from 2019 to 2020.
Before Jürgen Klinsmann became a professional soccer player, he worked as a baker-associated in the baker's shop of his father in Stuttgart-Botnang. In the youth he played by Geislingen. The first station of his professional career was Stuttgarter Kickers. His career as player ended in 1998 after the World cup in France, as Germany was separated versus Croatia from the tournament. He played for the U-21 and the U-16 team of Germany, after that he played ten years for the A-Team. 1988 by the Summer Olympics in Seoul he had won the bronze medal. Jürgen Klinsmann has played 221 Bundesliga games and shot 110 goals there. In the national team of Germany he played 108 games and 47 goals. He shot by the World cups 1990, 1994 and 1998 altogether eleven goal and is after Gerd Müller the German player with the most Worldcup-goals.In August 2004 he became the national coach of Germany.At the World Cup 2006 in Germany he won the bronze medal.After that he resigned
.From the 1st June 2008 he coached Bayern Munich until he was dismissed on the 27th April 2009.
Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list West Germany's and Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Klinsmann goal.

Managerial

Honours

Player

Club
Inter Milan
Supercoppa Italiana: 1989
UEFA Cup: 1990–91

Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: 1996–97
UEFA Cup: 1995–96

International
West Germany/Germany
FIFA World Cup: 1990
UEFA European Championship: 1996; runner-up: 1992
Summer Olympic Games: 1988 Bronze medal
U.S. Cup: 1993
Individual
Goal of the Year (Germany): 1987
Bundesliga top scorer: 1987–88
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1987–88
Footballer of the Year (Germany): 1988, 1994
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1990
Premier League Player of the Month: August 1994
Tottenham Hotspur Club Player of the Year: 1994
FWA Footballer of the Year: 1994–95 (Tottenham Hotspur)
Premier League PFA Team of the Year: 1994–95
ESM Team of the Year: 1994–95
IFFHS World's Top Goal Scorer: 1995
Ballon d'Or runner-up: 1995
FIFA World Player of the Year Bronze award: 1995
UEFA Cup Top Scorer: 1995–96
FIFA XI: 1996, 1999
FIFA 100

Manager

International
Germany
FIFA World Cup third place: 2006
FIFA Confederations Cup third place: 2005

United States
CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2013, runner-up: 2011
CONCACAF Cup runner-up: 2015

Individual
German Football Manager of the Year: 2006
CONCACAF Coach of the Year: 2013
Literature
 Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling: Strategen des Spiels – Die legendären Fußballtrainer, Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2005, , S. 332ff.
 Jens Mende: Jürgen Klinsmann – Wie wir Weltmeister werden, Südwest-Verlag, München 2006, .
 Michael Horeni: Klinsmann. Stürmer Trainer Weltmeister. Scherz, Frankfurt/Main 2005, .

References

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
Bundesliga managers
Association football forwards

German footballers
German football managers
Premier League players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Hertha BSC managers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Pilosa is an order of mammals in the superorder Xenarthra.
To this order belong the sloths, suborder Folivora and the anteaters, suborder Vermilingua.

Xenarthrans
Mammals of South America
Dead Kennedys are a hardcore punk band from San Francisco. The band was led by Jello Biafra. Other original members were Klaus Fluoride, D.H. Peligro, and East Bay Ray. The band plays songs with strong political messages. During the 1980s, they had many fans in the punk rock music scene.

The Dead Kennedys formed in June 1978. In 1980, one of their songs called "California Über Alles" became popular in the punk music scene. In 1980, they recorded and released a song called "Holiday in Cambodia". That same year, they made their first album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables. In the early 1980s, the band toured all over the United States, Europe, and Australia.
In July 1987, the band broke up. After they broke up, they were charged with the crime of obscenity. A person saw the band's album Frankenchrist and complained to the Attorney General for the State of California and to Los Angeles prosecutors. The album included a picture that showed nine penises. In August 1987, the criminal trial ended but the jury could not make a decision. The album was banned from many record stores in the United States.

Discography

Studio albums
 Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables - September 1980 (# 33)
 Plastic Surgery Disasters - November 1982
 Frankenchrist - October 1985
 Bedtime for Democracy - November 1986

Extended Play records
 In God We Trust, Inc. - December 1981

Singles
 California Über Alles - June 1979
 Holiday in Cambodia - May 1980
 Kill the Poor - October 1980 (# 49)
 Too Drunk to Fuck - May 1981 (# 31)
 Nazi Punks Fuck Off! - November 1981
 Bleed for Me - July 1982
 Halloween - December 1982
Videos
 The Early Years Live - July 1987
 The Lost Tapes - July 2003
 Live at DMPO's on Broadway - February 2004
 Farewell Tour Again with Dead Kennedys - May 2014

Other websites

 Official site of the Dead Kennedys
 Alternative Tentacles - Record Label Launched by Dead Kennedys

1978 establishments in California
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups from San Francisco
Musical groups disestablished in 1986
1980s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in 2001
2001 establishments in California
1986 disestablishments in the United States
Bad Brains is an American band. They play hardcore punk music that is mixed with reggae music. The band formed in 1977 and is still playing now. The members are H.R. (singer),  "Dr. Know" (guitarist), Darryl Jenifer (bassist) and Earl Hudson (drummer).

The band originally formed in Prince Georges County, Maryland. It is close to Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. During most of their time together, Bad Brains has lived in Washington, D.C.  

The Bad Brains had a big effect on many hardcore punk bands, including Minor Threat who are also from Washington, D.C. They also had a big effect on the hardcore punk singer Henry Rollins. Rollins was the singer for the hardcore band Black Flag.

References
References 

1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
Reggae bands
American punk bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups from Maryland
Musical groups from Washington, D.C.
1977 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Musical groups established in 1977
The Xenarthra is a superorder of mammals. It is a group of placental mammals (infraclass Eutheria). They live at present only in the Americas, and are anteaters, tree sloths, and armadillos. 

Their origins can be traced back as far as the Palaeogene (about 60-65 million years ago (mya), shortly after the Mesozoic) in South America.  Xenarthrans developed and diversified extensively in South America during its long period of isolation, invaded the Antilles by the early Miocene, and then spread to Central and North America as part of the Great American Interchange. 

Nearly all of the once abundant big xenarthrans, such as ground sloths, glyptodonts, and pampatheres went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.
Xenarthrans differ from other placental mammals in several ways. The name Xenarthra means 'strange joints', and was chosen because their vertebral joints have extra articulations and are unlike those of any other mammals. The males lack external testicles, which are instead placed between the bladder and the rectum.  Also, xenarthrans have the lowest metabolic rates among the therians.

References 

 
Mammals of South America
Channel 4 is a television channel that broadcasts to the United Kingdom. It started on 2 November 1982. On 10 December 2010, Channel 4 started a High Definition version of their channel on Sky+ HD.

Programmes they have shown
Countdown
Brookside
Big Brother
Channel 4 News
The Simpsons
Animal Stories
Friends
Fifteen To One 
Hollyoaks
Deal Or No Deal
Dispatches
Right to Reply
Shameless
Friday Night Dinner
Ackley Bridge

1982 establishments in the United Kingdom
British television channels
Channel 4
The B-52 Stratofortress is a bomber which, with in-air refueling, can fly long distances to reach targets anywhere in the world. The B-52 can carry up to 70000 lbs of bombs and weapons in its large bomb bays, and on wing hard points.

This airplane is one of the most significant in modern aviation history on several levels. It was created in 1948 as a strategic nuclear bomber, and first flew in the early 1950s. The B-52 fought its first war, under the code name of "Arc Light" in Vietnam from 1965 through 1973. The B-52 is a direct ancestor of many of the airliners which have made Boeing Aircraft, one of the most successful privately owned aerospace company in the world. The B-52 will stay in military service until around 2040. It is not clear what will replace it as the United States Air Force's main strategic bomber.

Boeing aircraft
United States Air Force aircraft
The Hudson River is in the State of New York in the United States. It is about 315 miles (507 km) long. The river runs from Lake Tear of the Clouds near Mount Marcy in Essex County in the north part of the state to New York Harbor in New York City at the south part of the state. It is named for Henry Hudson.

The Hudson River is a special kind of river called an estuary. There is some salt in the water from New York City north until Poughkeepsie. It is then fresh water from Poughkeepsie north until Lake Tear of the Clouds. The border for the salt in the water moves when the tide rises and falls. The Hudson is part of the Erie Canal from New York City to Albany. The Hudson River used to have a lot of pollution from industry, but it is becoming cleaner now.

The lower part of this river separates New York from New Jersey and is sometimes called the North River.
Bridges that cross the Hudson River 
 George Washington Bridge
 Tappan Zee Bridge
 Bear Mountain Bridge
 Hamilton Fish Newburgh-Beacon Bridge
 Franklin D. Roosevelt Mid-Hudson Bridge
 Kingston Rhinecliff Bridge
 Rip van Winkle Bridge
 New York Thruway (Interstate 90-Interstate 87) Bridge
 Interstate 90 Bridge

Hudson River
The George Washington Bridge is a suspension bridge over the Hudson River. It connects part of New York City, New York to Fort Lee, New Jersey. It is  long. It was designed by Othmar H. Ammann. Building began on October 21, 1927. The bridge was opened on October 25, 1931. It cost $59 million. A second level was added below the main level and opened to traffic on August 29, 1962. There are also walkways for pedestrians and bicyclists on the north and south sides of the bridge.

The main span of the bridge is  long. It is  wide. It is suspended by four cables. Each cable weighs 28,450 tons and is made from 26,474 individual wires. The total length of all the wire in the four cables is .

Ammann chose the location for the bridge because the river was narrower at this point. The banks on either side were high. That meant the bridge could be tall enough for ships to pass underneath, without having to build long rising bridge approaches.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Hudson River
Steel bridges
Suspension bridges
Bridges in Manhattan
1931 establishments in New York (state)
1962 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in New York (state)
Freddy Krueger is a fictional character from the A Nightmare on Elm Street movies. He was created by Wes Craven and he is the bad guy of the movies. In the first movie a mom told her kid that a long time ago, Freddy killed a bunch of people's kids and the parents got mad and they burnt Freddy. Right before Freddy died some ghosts told Freddy that he can come back to life if he will take over dreams, and Freddy said yes, so he became a vengeful spirit who kills people in their dreams.

Story
In suburban Ohio, Freddy went after the kids of the parents that killed him. During their nightmares, Freddy would be there and he would kill them in their dreams, and whatever Freddy did in the dream would happen in real life. Then there was this girl named Nancy, she had nightmares about Freddy, and wanted to kill him to stop him from killing anymore. So on purpose, one night she fell asleep to fight Freddy.
Movies
There have been 8 movies involving Freddy Krueger, a crossover battle movie between him and Jason Voorhees, and a remake was made in 2010. The first 8 starred Robert Englund as Freddy, but in the new one, a man named Jackie Earle Haley plays him.

What he wears

Claw glove
In the movie Freddy has this claw he wears, it has fingernails built into it made out of knives. This is a very dangerous weapon, he kills people with it. He has had the same glove throughout all of the 7 movies. But there was another movie, New Nightmare, where his claw was remodeled to look scarier.

His clothes
Freddy wears a dirty, torn, old red and green sweater and pants. He also wears a dirty brown hat. Freddy's classic outfit was changed in the movie called New Nightmare

A Nightmare on Elm Street
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1984
Fictional murderers
Horror movie characters
Mortal Kombat guest characters
The Golani Brigade חטיבת גולני (also known as Brigade No. 1) is an Israeli infantry brigade that was formed February 28, 1948 when the Levanoni Brigade was divided in two smaller brigades. It is one of the most highly decorated infantry units in the Israel Defense Forces.

Symbols and Colors 
The symbol of the brigade is a green olive tree with its roots on a yellow background. The tree symbolizes strength, and the colors symbolize areas where Golani had fought. Early Golani soldiers were farmers and new immigrants, so they chose to make their beret brown, like the land.

History 
During the 1950s, the Golani Brigade participated in many operations, most notably the 1951 operation against Syria and the October 1955 operation against Egypt. In the 1956 Sinai Campaign Golani's task was to capture the area around the city Rafah in the Sinai desert.
Golani's recon company (Sayeret Golani) is one of the most respected special forces units in the IDF. This unit, together with Sayeret Matkal, re-took the Mount Hermon position in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. This unit's soldiers are so dedicated that in 1994 one it commanders rescued himself from an enemy minefield after half his right leg was blown-off. He applied the bandages to his leg himself, and he is now a senior commander in the IDF. In 1976, elements of the Golani Brigade were sent to Uganda to rescue 246 Jewish hostages on Air France flight 139, hijacked by PLO terrorists. Despite winning the battle,the mission commander was killed.

As of 2004, Golani operates within the northern border of Israel and in the West Bank (mainly Jenin). During 2004, a Golani battalion reinforced the Givati Brigade in the Gaza Strip. In July 2006 Golani took part in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict and the fierce battle of Bint Jbeil where it lost 9 troops.
Battalions of the Golani Brigade 
 Barak Battalion - Gdud 12
 Gideon Battalion - Gdud 13
 "Golani Buds" - includes platoons being trained for all of its units.
 The Egoz Reconnaissance Unit (special unit)
 The First Breachers' Battalion (HaBok'im HaRishon) - Gdud 51

Commanders of the Golani Brigade 
 1948-1949, Moshe Mann, Mishael Shaham, Nahum Golan
 1987-1988, Gaby Ashkenazi
 1988-1990, Baruch Spiegel
 1990-1991, Moshe Tzin
 1991-1993, Yair Nave
 1993-1995, Moshe Kaplinsky
 1995-1997, Erez Gerstein
 1997-1999, Gadi Eizenkot
 1999-2001, Shmuel Zakai
 2001-2003, Moshe Tamir
 2003-2005, Erez Tzukerman
 2005-2008, Tamir Yadai
 2008-2010, Avi Peled
 2010-2012, Ofek Buchris
 2012-2014, Yaniv Asor
 2014-, Ghassan Elian

Golani Brigade in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
List of Israeli military operations in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war that the Golani Brigade participated in 
 Operation Assaf
 Operation Dekel (only elements of the brigade participated)
 Operation Hiram
 Operation Horev
 Operation Ovdah
 Operation Yiftach

Related pages
 List of Israeli military operations in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war

Other websites 
 Golani Engineering Battalion  - site of Golani reservists
 http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/golani_brigade.html
   - Sayeret Golani in the battle of Bint Jbail

1948 establishments in Israel
Israel Defense Forces