Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Background
Directors are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. In theory, they serve ten-year terms unless they resign, die, or are let go. In reality, none have served a full ten years, except J. Edgar Hoover and Robert Mueller. They both served longer than ten years. J. Edgar Hoover was appointed by Calvin Coolidge to the office in 1924. He was by far the longest-serving director. Hoover held the position from its establishment under the current title in 1935 until his death in 1972 because there was then no law limiting service time. In response to Hoover's lengthy tenure, Congress imposed a term limit of ten years (waived by the Senate for Robert Mueller on July 27, 2011). The current FBI director is Christopher A. Wray, who assumed his position on August 2, 2017.
When the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) was established in 1908, its head was called the Chief of the Bureau of Investigation. It was changed to the Director of the Bureau of Investigation since the term of William J. Flynn (1919–1921), and to its current name when the BOI was renamed FBI in 1935.

List of all directors

References
Mabel Boll (December 1, 1893 – April 11, 1949) was an American socialite. In 1927 she planned, with Charles A. Levine, to be the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger. She was known as the "Queen of Diamonds" as the owner of the 46.57-carat emerald-cut Mabel Boll diamond.

Biography
Boll was born on December 1, 1893 in Rochester, New York. 

In 1927, Boll planned, with Charles A. Levine, to be the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger.

Boll died of a stroke at the Manhattan State Hospital, the psychiatric hospital on Wards Island on April 11, 1949 at the age of 55.

References

1949 deaths
1893 births
American socialites
Deaths from stroke
American aviators
Co-education is the education of males and females in the same schools. The practice has been different in different countries and at  different times.

Most primary schools have been co-educational for a long time since it was believed that there is no reason to educate females separately from males before the age of puberty. Also, the curriculum in primary schools is not controversial since it emphasizes reading, writing, and arithmetic, with some elementary knowledge of geography and history. In some countries, it includes some religious and cultural education.
With secondary education, children go through the process of puberty, and there is no general agreement as to whether both sexes should be educated together. People make arguments both for and against the idea. At one extreme is the United States in which both sexes are usually educated together at all stages. At the other extreme are certain traditional societies in which girls do not get a secondary education at all. The tendency has been for more countries to move to co-education as the standard at every level of education. An exception would be the Islamic world, where girls are educated separately from boys or even not educated at all.

The world's oldest co-educational school may be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon. It was established in 1714 in  what in Surrey but is now in South London. It has admitted both boys and girls since its opening. It has always been a day school only and is thought that to be the oldest surviving mixed-sex school in the world.

References
References

Related pages 
Gender equality
Education
Colour Me Free! is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone, released on 20 October 2009 by Virgin Records. The album was originally scheduled to be released in April 2009. However, Stone's label, EMI, delayed it to July and again to 20 October.

Track listing

Sampling credits
 "Free Me" embodies portions of "Do the Dirt" by The Meters.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Colour Me Free!
Joss Stone – vocals ; production ; backing vocals ; album coordination, executive producer
 Darren Abraham – backing vocals, percussion 
 Ainsley Adams – assistant engineering 
 Rob Bacon – guitar solo 
 Kenya Baker – guitar ; engineering, recording ; additional guitar 
 Paul Baker – harp 
 Jeff Beck – vocals 
 Robert Berg – viola 
 Sally Berman – violin 
 Michael Bowes – percussion 
 Alan Branch – additional recording, assistant engineering 
 Karl Brazil – drums, percussion 
 Robert Brosseau – violin 
 Gerry Brown – string recording 
 Chuck Brungardt – mixing ; assistant engineering ; engineering, recording 
 Lemar Carter – drums 
 Pete Cherry – bass 
 Courtney Christian – album coordination
 Patricia Cloud – alto flute, flute 
 Paul Conroy – album coordination
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Marc "Makani" Cyril – backing vocals, bass 
 Mike Davis – tenor trombone 
 Sir Mychael Davison – additional recording, assistant engineering 
 Drew Dembowski – contrabass 
 Bojan Dugic – recording 
 Sheila E. – vocals
Hollie Farris – trumpet 
 Joe Ferla – mixing, recording 
 Sam Formicola – viola 
 Steve Gadd – drums 
 Armen Garabedian – violin 
 Gil Goldstein – Rhodes 
 Dyre Gormsen – recording 
 Agnes Gottschewski – violin 
 Lynn Grants – viola 
 Maurice Grants – cello 
 Steven Grier – beatbox 
 Charlie Happiness – bass harmonica, sitar 
 Keyon Harold – trumpet 
 Jamie Hartman – 12-string guitar, production, Rhodes, synth strings, vocals 
 Vahe Hayrikian – cello 
 Amy Hershberger – violin 
 Iain Hill – assistant engineering 
 Kris Houston – piano 
 Pete Iannacone – bass 
 Pete Ibsen – recording 
 Antonia Jenae – backing vocals 
 Nikolaij Joel – guitar 
 Howard Johnson – baritone saxophone 
 Charles Jones – backing vocals 
 Jonathan Joseph – recording ; engineering 
 Dan Kelley – horn
Ellison Kendrick – backing vocals 
 Joe Ketendjian – violin 
 Tony Kofi – saxophone 
 Mellissa LaRochelle – backing vocals 
 Artia Lockett – backing vocals 
 Christian Lohr – Hammond ; keyboards ; piano 
 Dan Mackenzie – production 
 Neville Malcolm – upright bass ; backing vocals, guitar 
 Russell Malone – guitar 
 Marlon Marcel – assistant engineering 
 Lou Marini – tenor saxophone 
 Miguel Martinez – cello 
 Liane Mautner – violin 
 Christian McBride – bass 
 Paddy Miller – keyboards 
 Paula Mitchell – backing vocals 
 Malcolm Moore – bass 
 Stanton Moore – drums 
 Ryan Moys – additional recording, assistant engineering 
 Nas – rap 
 Karolina Naziemiec – viola 
 Stephanie O'Keefe – horn 
 Bobby Ozuna – percussion ; additional percussion 
 Abel Pabon – piano 
 Ricky Pederson – Hammond 
 Charles Pillow – bass clarinet 
 Luke Potashnik – guitar 
 James Poyser – piano 
 Natasha Radford – album coordination
 Phil Ramone – production 
 Conner Reeves – production ; backing vocals
Paul Riser – string arrangements ; The Paul Riser Orchestra conductor 
 Winston Rollins – trombone 
 Anatoly Rosinsky – violin 
 Raphael Saadiq – bass ; backing vocals, bass, drums, guitar, percussion, production, vocals 
 David Sanborn – alto saxophone 
 Jonathan Shorten – production ; piano ; clavinet ; Wurlitzer ; Hammond ; engineering, recording 
 Latonya Shorter – backing vocals 
 Sacha Skarbek – production, Rhodes 
 Jerry Smith – engineering, recording 
 Lew Soloff – trumpet 
 Paul Sternhagen – percussion 
 Richie Stevens – backing vocals ; drums 
 Paul Suarez – assistant engineering 
 James Tanksley – additional recording 
 Mike Velerio – contrabass 
 Morgan Visconti – string arrangements 
 Jeff Watkins – saxophone 
 Jeremy Wheatley – mixing 
 Elizabeth Wilson – violin 
 Phil Yao – horn 
 John Yoakum – English horn, oboe
Charts

Release history

References

2009 albums
Joss Stone albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Virgin Records albums
The Temple Institute ( – ) is a museum, research institute and education center in Old City of Jerusalem. It was established in 1987 by Rabbi Yisrael Ariel. The institute is dedicated to the two Temples in Jerusalem (called the First and Second Temples). Rabbi Ariel plans to rebuild the Second Temple on the man-made plateau the Jews call the Temple Mount. The site is currently occupied by an Islamic shrine, the Dome of the Rock. The institute has collected tens of thousands of dollars, mostly from Jews in the United States. This is in spite of the fact that rebuilding the temple of Herod, destroyed by the Romans in 79 AD, would almost certainly cause a major war. In 2014, the government of Jordan sent a letter to the State of Israel warning them to guard against any attacks by extremist groups against the Temple Mount.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 The Temple Institute
 

Nationalist organizations in Israel
Judaism in Israel
Museums in Jerusalem
Temple Mount
The word Bathory may refer to:

 Bathory (band), a Swedish black metal and Viking metal band
 The Báthory family, a Hungarian noble family
Nordland I is the eleventh studio album by the Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released on 18 November 2002 through Black Mark Productions The album is mainly viking metal, so the songs have lyrics about Norse mythology. The album was the first in a two-album set, and no plans for Nordland III ever existed.

Track listing

People 

 Quorthon – all instruments
 Kristian Wåhlin – album cover artwork

References 

2002 albums
Blood Fire Death is the fourth studio album by the Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released on 8 October 1988, through the music label of Under One Flag. The album is mainly black metal, but it is sometimes called the first viking metal album. In 2009, IGN included Blood Fire Death in their "10 Great Black Metal Albums" list.

Track listing

People 

 Quorthon – guitar and vocals
 Vvornth – drums
 Kothaar – bass
 Peter Nicolai Arbo – album cover painting, The Wild Hunt of Odin (Åsgårdsreien)
 Pelle Matteus – sleeve photography

References 

1988 albums
Heavy metal albums
Tomas "Ace" Börje Forsberg (often called Quorthon;born on 17 February 1966 in Sweden) was a Swedish musician. He was the founder and songwriter for the extreme metal band Bathory. Bathory was known for laying out the groundwork for black metal and later viking metal. Quorthon was a multi-instrumentalist. He wrote all the music and lyrics for Bathory, and on some albums he played all the instruments (guitar, bass, drums, etc.). He also made solo albums. Quorthon died around 3 June 2004 in Stockholm, Sweden. He died of heart failure.

Other websites 

 Bathory on Allmusic
 Official Myspace page

References 

Swedish musicians
1966 births
2004 deaths
"Black Magic" is a dance pop song by the girl group Little Mix. The song is of using magic to promote love. It was released as the lead single from their third studio album Get Weird.

The song has many versions. One of them is four minutes long.

Critical reception
Upon its release, "Black Magic" was liked by music critics. The song was influenced by 1980s music. On the UK Singles Chart, the song reached #1. It also reached the Top 10 in some other countries. However, the song only reached #68 on Billboard Hot 100.

References

2015 songs
Pop songs
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian. He is known for writing the universal history Bibliotheca historica, much of which survives, between 60 and 30 BC. It is arranged in three parts. The first part covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy. It is arranged geographically, describing regions around the world including Egypt, India, Arabia, Greece and Europe. The second part covers the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third part covers the period to about 60 BC. The title Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', shows that he was using the work of many other authors.

Life
Life

Diodorus wrote that he was born at Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira). There is only two other references to Diodorus. One is by Jerome, in his Chronicon from 49 BC, who wrote that "Diodorus of Sicily, a writer of Greek history, became illustrious". There is also a Greek inscription in the collection of the Agyrium (Inscriptiones Graecae XIV, 588) about the tombstone of one "Diodorus, the son of Apollonius". (This may be a different person).

Work
Diodorus' book, which he called Bibliotheca historica meaning "Historical Library", consisted of 40 books. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive. Small sections of the lost books are preserved in Photius and the excerpts of Constantine Porphyrogenitus.
In the next section (books VII–XVII), he tells the history of the world from the Trojan War down to the death of Alexander the Great. The last section (books XVII to the end) concerns the historical events from the successors of Alexander down to either 60 BC or the beginning of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. As the last books have been lost, it is not known if Diodorus reached the beginning of the Gallic War as he promised at the beginning of his work or, as evidence suggests, old and tired from his labours he stopped at 60 BC.) He used the name "Bibliotheca" to show that he was writing a work from many sources. Identified authors on whose works he drew include Hecataeus of Abdera, Ctesias of Cnidus, Ephorus, Theopompus, Hieronymus of Cardia, Duris of Samos, Diyllus, Philistus, Timaeus, Polybius, and Posidonius.

His writing of gold mining in Nubia in eastern Egypt is one of the earliest texts on the topic, and describes in vivid detail the use of slave labour in terrible working conditions.
He also described the Celts:
"Physically the Celts are terrifying in appearance with deep-sounding and very harsh voices.  In conversation they use few words and speak in riddles, for the most part hinting at things and leaving a great deal to be understood.  They frequently exaggerate with the aim of extolling themselves and diminishing the status of others.  They are boasters and threateners, and given to bombastic self-dramatization, and yet they are quick of mind and with good natural ability for learning." (Book 5)

Notes

References

 Ambaglio, Dino, Franca Landucci Gattinoni and Luigi Bravi. Diodoro Siculo: Biblioteca storica: commento storico: introduzione generale. Storia. Ricerche. Milano: V&P, 2008. x, 145 p.
 Buckley, Terry. Aspects of Greek History 750-323 BC: A Source-based Approach. Routledge, London, 1996, 
 Lloyd, Alan B. Herodotus, Book II. Brill, Leiden, 1975 
 
  Downloadable via Google Books.
  Downloadable via Google Books.

Other websites
90s BC births
30s BC deaths
Ancient Greek historians
A multi-party system is a system where multiple political parties take part in national elections. Each party has its own views. A lot of countries that use this system have a coalition government, meaning many parties are in control, and they all work together to make laws. Good examples of countries that have this system include Brazil, Denmark, Finland,  Germany, Iceland, India, Indonesia,  Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Philippines, and South Korea. There is no limit to the number of parties that can take part in a British election, but the government must command a majority in the House of Commons, and is usually formed from one party.

References 

Democracy
This article is a list of political parties in Iceland.

Parties in the Althing

Other parties 

These are the parties that are not in the Althing and have no political power.

Left wing 

 Humanist Party
 Rainbow
 Iceland Democratic Party
 People's Front of Iceland
 Liberal Democrats

Right wing 

 Households Party
 Christian Political Movement

No spectrum 

 Rural Party
 Dawn
 Solidarity

References 

Iceland
Politics of Iceland
Organizations based in Iceland
Reykjanesbær is a municipality in south western Iceland. It is made up of the towns Keflavík, Njarðvík, the village of Hafnir and Ásbrú. The municipality was created in 1995. Reykjanesbær is the fifth largest municipality in Iceland. It has a population of 14,527 people.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Municipalities of Iceland
Thinis or This (Egyptian: Tjenu) was the capital city of the first dynasties of ancient Egypt. The actual site of Thinis has not yet been discovered. Ancient writers, such as Manetho, said it was the centre of the Thinite Confederacy. Their leader Menes (or Narmer), united Egypt and was its first pharaoh. In the Third Dynasty the capital was moved to Memphis. This meant that Thinis was no longer important. It still played a role in administration  becauset was close to border of the competing Heracleopolitan and Theban dynasties of the First Intermediate Period. It was also near oases of  military importance, during the Old and New Kingdoms. Thinis lost its position as a regional administrative centre by the Roman period.

Due to its ancient heritage, Thinis remained a significant religious centre. It was the home to the tomb and mummy of the local god.  In ancient Egyptian religious cosmology, as seen (for example) in the Book of the Dead, Thinis played a role as a mythical place in heaven.
The exact site of Thinis is unknown. Historians believe its was near ancient Abydos and modern Girga.

References

 Gardiner, Sir Alan Henderson. Egypt of the pharaohs: An introduction, Oxford University Press, 1964, Oxford. , isbn 978-0-19-500267-6
 Massey, Gerald. Ancient Egypt: The light of the world, T. Fisher Unwin, Vol 2, 1907, London, 
 Ryholt, K. S. B., The political situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 – 1550 BC, Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, Copenhagen,  isbn 87-7289-421-0
 Strudwick, Nigel C., Texts from the pyramid age, Society of Biblical Literature, 2005, Atlanta,  isbn 978-1-58983-138-4
Ancient Egyptian cities
Khayu is a king from the Early Dynastic Period who ruled in Lower Egypt. The only mention of his name is on the Palermo Stone. there are no other records of Khayu. He could be a mythical king preserved through ancient stories, or may even be completely fictitious.

References

Predynastic Pharaohs
Božo Bakota (5 October 1950 – 1 October 2015) was a Croatian footballer. He played as a forward and midfielder professionally between 1971 and 1986. He played for NK Zagreb and SK Sturm Graz. He also played for the Yugoslavia national team in 1978. He was born in Zagreb.

Bakota died on 1 October 2015 in Graz, Austria. He was 64.

References

1950 births
2015 deaths
Croatian footballers
Sportspeople from Zagreb
Yugoslavian  footballers
Austrian Football Bundesliga top scorers
A cartouche is a hieroglyphic symbol of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh. It is oval with a horizontal line at one end, showing that the text enclosed is a royal name.

It starts to be used at the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty under Pharaoh Sneferu. The cartouche is usually vertical with a horizontal line, but it is horizontal if it makes the name fit better, with a vertical line on the left. The Ancient Egyptian word for it was shenu. In demotic writing, the cartouche was reduced to a pair of brackets and a vertical line.

Of the five royal titles it was the prenomen, the throne name, and the "Son of Ra" titulary, the so-called nomen name given at birth, which were enclosed by a cartouche.

At times amulets were given the form of a cartouche displaying the name of a king and placed in tombs. Such items are often important to archaeologists for dating the tomb and its contents. Cartouches were only worn by pharaohs.

References 

Ancient Egypt
Writing systems
The Amarna period was an era of Ancient Egypt in the last half of the Eighteenth dynasty.

The royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten ('Horizon of the Aten') in what is now Amarna. It was marked by the reign of Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten (1353–1336 BC). This was to underline the dramatic change of Egypt's polytheistic religion into one where the sun disc Aten was worshipped over all other gods. Aten was not solely worshipped (the religion was not monotheistic), but other gods were worshipped to a significantly lesser degree. The Egyptian pantheon of the equality of all gods and goddesses was restored under Akhenaten's successor.
During Akhenaten's reign, royal portraiture changed.  Sculptures of Akhenaten are different from those of earlier pharaohs.  Akhenaten is shown in an androgynous (less manly) and stylized manner, with large thighs, a slim torso, drooping belly, full lips, and a long neck and nose. Some believe that the break with convention was due to "the presence at Amarna of new people or groups of artists whose background and training were different from those of the Karnak sculptors".

The events following Akhenaten's death are unclear and the identity and policies of his co-regent and immediate successor Smenkhkare are unclear.

Tutankhamun and the Amarna succession
Tutankhamun died before he was twenty years old, and the dynasty's final years clearly were shaky. The royal line of the dynasty died out with Tutankhamun. Two fetuses found buried in his tomb may have been his twin daughters who would have continued the royal lineage, according to a 2008 investigation.
The last two members of the eighteenth dynasty – Ay and Horemheb – became rulers from the ranks of officials in the royal court. Ay may have married the widow of Tutankhamun in order to get power and she did not live long afterward. Ay's reign was short. His successor was Horemheb, a general in the Egyptian army, who had been a diplomat in the administration of Tutankhamun. He may have been named as a successor by the childless Tutankhamun. Horemheb may have taken the throne away from Ay in a coup. He also died childless and appointed his successor, Paramessu who, under the name Ramesses I, ascended the throne in 1292 BC. He was the first pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty.

References 

2nd millennium BC in Egypt
Kirsten A. Holmstedt is an American author and journalist. She has written for newspapers, magazines and business publications. Holmstead is the author of two books on women in the military.

Early life
She was born and grew up in Mystic, Connecticut, USA. In 1985 she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism  from Drake University. In 2006, she earned a Master of Fine Arts degree in creative non-fiction from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

Career
Besides two books on women and the military, she has written other articles on military issues. She left her job as a public information officer for Coastal Carolina Community College in Jacksonville, North Carolina to be a freelance writer.

Awards
 2007 Golden Quill Award, American Authors Association
 2007 Founder's Award, Military Writer's Society of America

Bibliography

References

Other websites
 Biography on Shesource.com
 Discussion of Band of Sisters on C-SPAN
Living people
American feminist writers
American journalists
Writers from Connecticut
Year of birth missing (living people)
Donna Edna Shalala ( ; born February 14, 1941) is an American politician. She was the United States representative of Florida's 27th congressional district from January 3, 2019 to January 3, 2021.

She served as United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. She was the president of the University of Miami, a private university in Coral Gables, Florida, from 2001 through 2015.

In August 2018, she became the Democratic nominee for Florida's 27th Congressional District. She won the general election on November 6, 2018. She lost her re-election in 2020 to Republican Maria Elvira Salazar.

References
References

Other websites
President Donna E. Shalala’s Biography at the University of Miami .
"America's Best Leaders: Q&A with Donna Shalala, President of the University of Miami, U.S. News & World Report, October 22, 2005.
Donna Shalala   Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
President Donna E. Shalala Collection, 1980-1988, Hunter College Archives and Special Collections

1941 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Politicians from Cleveland
Politicians from Miami
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
J. Whyatt Mondesire (October 10, 1949 – October 4, 2015) was an American journalist and civil rights activist. He was a reporter at The Philadelphia Inquirer during the early career. He now owns the Philadelphia Sun newspaper. He was president of the Philadelphia branch of the NAACP for over ten years.

Mondesire died in Philadelphia from a brain aneurysm, aged 65.

References

Other websites
Philadelphia NAACP Official Website 
The Philadelphia Sun website

1949 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from intracranial aneurysm
American journalists
American civil rights activists
Writers from Pennsylvania
Daniel Joseph "Rusty" Staub (April 1, 1944 – March 29, 2018) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder, designated hitter, and first baseman and philanthropist. He has a 23-year baseball career with 5 different teams. He was an original member of the Montreal Expos.

Staub also played for the Houston Colt .45s, the New York Mets, the Detroit Tigers and the New York Yankees.

On April 4, 1986, Staub established the Rusty Staub Foundation to provide educational scholarships for youth and fight hunger.

In 1986, Staub founded the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund, which supports the families of New York City police officers, firefighters, Port Authority police, and emergency medical personnel who were killed in the line of duty. 

In July 2006, Staub teamed with Mascot Books to publish his first children's book, Hello, Mr. Met.
Staub died on March 29, 2018 of multiple organ failure complicated by respiratory tract infection-related pneumonia in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 73.

References

1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Philanthropists from Louisiana
Houston Astros players
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets players
Detroit Tigers players
Texas Rangers players
Sportspeople from New Orleans
Whitney Houston is the self titled debut album of American recording artist Whitney Houston, released February 14, 1985 on Arista Records.

Reviews

Whitney Houston received positive reviews.

Track listing

Personnel

Musicians

 Lead vocal – Whitney Houston
 Duet vocals – Jermaine Jackson, Teddy Pendergrass
 Clarinet – John Barnes
 Keyboards – Robbie Buchanan, Randy Kerber, Yvonne Lewis, Richard Marx
 Bass guitar – Nathan East, Freddie Washington, Randy "The Emperor" Jackson
 Synthesizer – Preston Glass, Greg Phillinganes
 Drums – Ed Greene, John "J.R." Robinson, J.T. Lewis, Steve Rucker
 Background vocals – Cissy Houston, Jermaine Jackson, Julia Tillman Waters, Maxine Willard Waters, Oren Waters, Yogi Lee, Mary Canty, Deborah Thomas
 Guitar – Paul Jackson, Jr., Dann Huff, Tim May, Ira Siegel, David Williams, Louie Shelton

 Percussion – Bashiri Johnson, Joe Lala
 Rhythm and string arrangements – Gene Page, Jr
 Synth guitar – Corrado Rustici
 Saxophone – Tom Scott, Ernie Watts, Premik Russell Tubbs
Production
 Producers: Jermaine Jackson, Kashif, Michael Masser, Narada Michael Walden
 Executive producer: Clive Davis
 Engineers: Michael Barbiero, Michael Mancini, Michael O'Reilly, Russell Schmitt
 Mixing: Michael Barbiero, Michael O'Reilly, Bill Schnee
 Arrangements: Gene Page Jr., Kashif, Narada Michael Walden
 Art direction: Donn Davenport
 Photographer: Garry Gross
 Fashion stylist: Tiagi Lambert (Gown by Giovanne De Maura, Bathing Suit by Norma Kamali)
 Makeup: Quietfire
 Coordinator: Brenda Gorsky
 Hair sylist: Jeffrey Woodly

Charts and certifications

Chart positions

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications

Singles chart positions

References

1985 albums
Debut albums
Whitney Houston albums
Dance-pop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Whitney Houston
LP1 is the fifth studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 21 July 2011 on Stone's own label, Stone'd Records, after she had left her label EMI in 2010.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of LP1.

 Joss Stone – vocals, executive producer, production
 Tom Bukovac – guitar
 Kristin Burns – photography
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Chad Cromwell – drums, percussion
 Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar
 Steve Greenwell – additional engineering, mixing
 Dave Kaplan – executive producer
 John McBride – engineering

 Wendy Moten – backing vocals
 Brian Nelson – executive producer
 Luke Potter – additional guitar 
 Drea Rhenee – backing vocals
 Michael Rhodes – bass
 Mike Rojas – keyboards
 Dave Stewart – cover photo, guitar, production
 Kevin Tetreault – design, layout

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2011 albums
Joss Stone albums
Soul albums
Blue-eyed soul albums
R&B albums
Betty Williams (22 May 1943 – 17 March 2020) was a Northern Irish peace activist. She was born in Belfast. She started the organization "Community of Peace People", who worked toward getting peace in Northern Ireland. In 1976, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, together with Mairead Corrigan, who also co-founded the organization.

Williams died on 17 March 2020 in Belfast at the age of 76.

References

Other websites 

 Nobel Committee information on 1976 Peace Laureates 
  Short biography 
 Peace People in Northern Ireland – a socialist position

1943 births
2020 deaths
Nobel Peace Prize winners
Activists from Belfast
Edward Sims Van Zile (May 2, 1863 - May 29, 1931) was an American writer. He published fiction, non-fiction, biographies, a commentary on war, and a history of the early days of movies. In 1904, in an essay about him, Book News Biographies said "for the past ten years Mr. Van Zile has been known to the reading public through many short stories, novelettes and a few novels".

Biography
He was born on May 2, 1863 in Troy, New York to Oscar Edward Van Zile and Sarah Melinda Perry. He was a descendant of Hollanders who came to America in the 17th century. As a boy he read everything he could on every subject. He graduated from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut in 1884. In 1904 the college gave him the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters. In addition to several books and articles, he wrote a libretto for a musical comedy.
A timely invention 
By 1876, baseball scores were telegraphed, inning by inning, to newspaper offices. Fans who did not want to wait for the newspaper coverage of away games waited at newspaper offices. Some newspapers put up blackboards trying to show the progress of a game as they received the telegraphs.
In 1888, Van Zile was working as an editorial writer at the New York World. He found himself doodling an idea on a notepad. He was, subconsciously he later said, working out a diagram of a baseball diamond. On it he showed pegs indicating the positions of players and other information. Edwin Grozier, at the time Private Secretary to Joseph Pulitzer, looking over his shoulder said  "Van Zile, you get that idea patented, and I'll give you $250 for your interest in it." He had come up with what he called a "Bulletin Board and Base Ball Indicator."  He filed for a patent in 1888 and it was issued in 1889. It was a major breakthrough in showing the progress of baseball games. The World newspaper placed a large version of it outside their offices for that year’s baseball championship series. It was a tremendous hit. Crowds of up to 6,000 watched to get a play-by-play view of the games.
Publications

Books 
 That Marvel - The Movie; A Glance at Its Reckless Past, Its Promising Present, and Its Significant Future. With an introduction. by Will H. Hays. Published in 1923 by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York & London, The Knickerbocker Press.
 With Sword and Crucifix: Being an Account of the Strange Adventures of Count Louis de Sancerre, Companion of Sieur de la Salle, on the Lower Mississippi in  the Year of Grace 1682. Published by Harper & Bros., New York and London, 1900 - Biography & Autobiography - 298 pages
 Kings in Adversity, Published by F. Tennyson Neely, 114 Fifth Avenue, 1897
 The Game of Empires, a Warning to America; with Prefatory Note by Theodore Roosevelt, published by Moffat, 1915. About 300 pages of cynical comments on war before page 302 reflected the Rooseveltian  point of the book.
Stories 
 The last of the Van Slacks; a story of to-day (1889)
 A magnetic man and other stories (1890)
 Don Miguel, and other stories (1891)
 The Manhattaners; a story of the hour (1900)
 A duke and his double (1903)
 Defending the bank (1903)

References

Other websites 

 Edward Sims Van Zile at Find a Grave
 Edward Sims Van Zile patent for a device for recording baseball games (1889)

1863 births
1931 deaths
People from Troy, New York
Writers from New York (state)
Deaths from stroke
American inventors
The Second Dynasty ruled ancient Egypt from c. 2890 to c. 2686 BC It is the second dynasty of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. During this time the seat of government was centred at Thinis. Very little is known about this period in ancient Egyptian history.

There is very little archaeological evidence of the time. But to compare the differences between the First and Third Dynasties shows that there must have important institutional and economic developments during the Second Dynasty.

Rulers
The names of the rulers of the Second Dynasty is not known exactly. Most sources agree on the names of the first pharaohs. These are:

The names of the next two or three rulers is unclear. We may have both the Horus-name or Nebty (meaning two ladies) name and their birth names for these rulers, however they may be entirely different individuals; or they may be legendary names. On the left are the rulers most Egyptologists place here; on the right are the names from Manetho's Aegyptica:
With the last ruler, we return to an agreement:

Manetho wrote that the capital was at Thinis, the same as during the First Dynasty. However, at least the first three kings were buried at Saqqara. This could mean the center of power had moved to Memphis. Beyond this, little can be said about the events during this period. The annual records on the Palermo Stone only survive for the end of the reign of Nebra and for parts of Nynetjer's. One important event possibly happened during the reign of Khasekhemwy: many Egyptologists read his name ("the Two Powers arise") as commemorating the union of the Upper and Lower Egypts.

References

3rd millennium BC in Egypt
Emilia Clarke (born 23 October 1986) is an English actress. She played Sarah Connor in Terminator Genisys and Holly Golightly in the stage play for Breakfast at Tiffany's. In the Home Box Office television series, Game of Thrones, she played Daenerys Targaryen. Clarke was nominated twice for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013 and in 2015. Clarke was born in London.

References

English television actors
English stage actors
English movie actors
Actors from London
1986 births
Living people
Water for Your Soul is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 31 July 2015 by her own label, Stone'd Records.

Critical reception

Water for Your Soul received mixed to positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

Sample credits
"Harry's Symphony" contains samples from "Here I Come" by Barrington Levy, "Young Lover" by Cocoa Tea, "Be Careful" by Matthew McAnuff and "Bad Boys" by Inner Circle

Charts

References

2015 albums
Joss Stone albums
Reggae albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Control is the third studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. It was released on February 4, 1986, by A&M Records. It was her first album after she had fired her father, Joseph Jackson as her manager. Since the album's release it has been certified platinum. It is one of her most known albums. It has sold over 14 million copies worldwide.

Reviews

Control received positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

References

1986 albums
Janet Jackson albums
Funk albums
New jack swing albums
R&B albums
Janet Remixed is the second remix album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. Released on March 13, 1995 by Virgin.

Track listing

Personnel
Personnel

 Jeff Bender – Photography
 Brothers in Rhythm –  Producer, Remixing (Track 2)
 Terry Burrus – Piano (Track 3)
 Steve Burton – Keyboards (Track 7)
 Peter Daou – Keyboards (Track 3)
 Dave Darlington – Remix (Track 1)
 Marius De Vries – Programming (Track 8)
 Patrick Demarchelier – Photography
 Tom Dolan – Design
 E-Smoove – Producer, Remixing (Track 6)
 René Elizondo, Jr. – Photography
 Flea – Engineer (Track 10)
 Kenny "Dope" Gonzales – Drums (Track 1)
 Jossie Harris – Vocals (Track 5)
 Steve Hodge – Mixing
 Nellee Hooper – Producer, Remixing (Track 8)
 Janet Jackson – Producer (Tracks 1–3, 5–8, 10, 11)
 Jimmy Jam – Producer (Tracks 1–9, 11)
 Sandy Jenkins – Assistant Engineer (Track 1)
 Jellybean Johnson – Producer (Track 10)
 R. Kelly – Producer, Remixing (Track 11)
 Frankie Knuckles – Remixing (Track 3)
 Tina Landon – Vocals (Track 5)
 Terry Lewis Producer (Track 1-9, 11)
Richard Lowe – Remix Engineer (Track 7)
 CJ Mackintosh – Drums, Keyboards, Remixing (Tracks 1, 7)
 MC Lyte – Rap (Track 6)
 Peter Mokran – Engineer (Track 11)
 David Morales – Percussion, Remixing (Tracks 3, 5)
 Dave Navarro – Engineer, Lead Guitar (Track 10)
 Len Peltier – Art Direction
 John Poppo – Engineer (Track 3)
 Dave Rideau – Mixing (Tracks 1–3, 5–11)
 Herb Ritts – Photography
 Alan Sanderson – Second Engineer (Track 10)
 David Schiffman – Remix Engineer (Track 10)
 Peter "Ski" Schwartz – Keyboards (Track 5)
 Paul Shapiro – Saxophone (Track 5)
 Chad Smith – Engineer (track 10)
 Lem Springsteen – Keyboards (Track 5)
 Al Stone – Engineer (Track 8)
 David Sussman – Engineer (Track 5)
 Dom T. – Additional Keyboards (Track 8)
 Satoshi Tomiie – Keyboards (Tracks 3, 5)
 "Little" Louie Vega – Keyboards (Track 1)
 Ellen von Unwerth – Photography
 Danny Weatherspoon – Keyboards (Track 6)
 Steve Weeder – Engineer (Track 6)
 Paul Wright – Engineer (Track 2)

Charts

Certifications

References
References

1995 albums
Remix albums
Janet Jackson albums
Dance albums
House albums
R&B albums
Hereditary haemochromatosis is a disease caused by a genetic disorder in which a person accumulates a dangerous level of iron in a body.

Humans, cannot quickly expel extra iron. Therefore extra iron accumulates in tissues and organs and harms the bodies normal function.

The hereditary form of the disease is most common among those of Northern European ancestry, in particular those of Celtic descent. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. Most often, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

References 

Genetic disorders
The Soul Sessions is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 16 September 2003 by S-Curve Records and EMI/Virgin Records.

Background
When The Soul Sessions was released on 16 September 2003. At the time Stone was just 16 years old. The album took four days to record. The songs on the album are cover versions of classic soul songs.

Reviews

The Soul Sessions received positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

Certifications

References

2003 albums
Debut albums
Joss Stone albums
Blues albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Virgin Records albums
Vyasa (, , literally “Compiler”) is an important figure in most Hindu traditions. He is sometimes called Veda Vyāsa (वेदव्यास, veda-vyāsa, "the one who classified the Vedas") or Krishna Dvaipāyana (referring to his complexion and birthplace). He is the author of the Mahabharata. He is also a character in it. He is considered to be the scribe of both the Vedas and Puranas. According to Hindu beliefs, Vyasa is an avatar of the god Vishnu. Vyasa is also considered to be one of the seven Chiranjivins (long lived, or immortals), who are still in existence according to Hindu belief.

Vyasa born in Nepal lived around the 3rd millennium BCE. The festival of Guru Purnima is dedicated to him. It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, for it is the day believed to be both his birthday and the day he divided the Vedas.
In the Mahabharata
Vyasa appears for the first time as the compiler of, and an important character in, the Mahabharata. It is said that he was the expansion of the god Vishnu who came in Dwaparayuga to make all the Vedic knowledge available in writing which was available in only in spoken form at that time.  He was the son of Satyavati, daughter of the fisherman Dusharaj, and the wandering sage Parashara. He is credited with being the author of the first Purana, Vishnu Purana). Vyasa was born on an island in the Yamuna river. There are two different views regarding the place of his birth. One of the views suggests that he was born in the Tanahun district in western Nepal. Another view suggests that he was born on Island in Yamuna river near Kalpi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Vyasa had a dark complexion and may be called by the name Krishna (black), and also the name Dwaipayana, meaning 'island-born'.

References 

Hindu saints
Mahabharata
Ancient writers
The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009 is the first greatest hits album by English recording artist Joss Stone, released on 23 September 2011 by Virgin and EMI. The album was going to be called Super Duper Hits: The Best of Joss Stone,

Background
The Best of Joss Stone 2003-2009 is filled with songs from all of Stone's albums that she released with Virgin and EMI, the album was released without Stone's permission, to which she commented to in an interview about how she didn't like the original title that the album would have been called.

Track listing

Charts

References

2011 albums
Greatest hits albums
Joss Stone albums
Jazz albums
Funk albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Virgin Records albums
The Soul Sessions Vol. 2 is the sixth studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone, released on 20 July 2012 by S-Curve Records and her own label, Stone'd Records.

Background
Like her debut album The Soul Sessions (2003) where the songs were covers of classic soul songs, The Soul Sessions Vol. 2s songs are covers of soul and R&B songs that were originally made during the 1970s.

Reviews

The Soul Sessions Vol. 2 received positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

References

2012 albums
Joss Stone albums
Quiet storm albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Josephus Albertus "Jos" Vandeloo (Zonhoven, 5 September 1925 - 5 October 2015) was a Belgian writer and poet. His career began in the 1950s. He became well known with the stories De muur (E: The wall) en Het gevaar (E: The danger).

Other websites
 Jos Vandeloo  
 Jos Vandeloo 
 G.J. van Bork en P.J. Verkruijsse, De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs (1985)

1925 births
2015 deaths
Belgian novelists
Belgian poets
People from Limburg (Belgium)
José Eduardo Dutra (11 April 1957 – 4 October 2015) was a Brazilian businessman and politician. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He joined Petrobras in 1983, and served as CEO from 2003 to 2005. He returned to the company in 2012, after a two year stint as the president of the Workers' Party. He was elected to the Federal Senate in 1994 and served until his death in 2015.

Dutra died of cancer in Belo Horizonte, aged 58.

References

1957 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian businesspeople
Cancer deaths in Brazil
William Harrison Hays, Sr. (November 5, 1879 – March 7, 1954) was chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1918 to 1921. He was United States Postmaster General from 1921 to 1922. He is best known for the Hays Code for censorship of American movies. He was born in Sullivan, Indiana.

He was the manager of Warren G. Harding's successful campaign for the Presidency of the United States in 1920. He was then named Postmaster General. While serving in the Harding Administration, he became somewhat involved in the Teapot Dome scandal. This was because of some illegal donations.

Career change  
Hays gave up his cabinet position on January 14, 1922. He become President of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), when it first began. This group now handles the well-known voluntary film rating system. He began his new job, at a $35,360 () annual salary, on March 6 of that year. There was talk that he would be paid between $100,000 and $150,000 a year.
Scandal and outcry 
The goal of the group was to rescue the image of the movie industry because of a scandal at that time. An actress, Virginia Rappe, had been raped and murdered. A well-known movie star, Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle was accused. Religious groups were angry and demanded federal censorship of the movies. Hiring Hays to "clean up the moving pictures" was a public relations tactic. Much was said about his conservative ways. These included his being a Presbyterian deacon and the past chairman of the Republican Party.

In his new role in Hollywood, Hays' main task was to stop American state censor boards from banning movies that were too dirty to be shown. He also had to keep costs down for the movie studios for changes made to give a movie an acceptable rating. At that time, the movie studios were required by state laws to pay the censor boards for each foot of movie that was cut out. Studios also had the expense of making different versions of each censored movie for each state's different ruling.
Hays tried to reduce studio costs by telling studios how to make movies that would be safe enough not to have to be cut or changed. Each board kept its "standards" secret. Hays had to try to guess what would or would not be allowed by each board. He made a set of guidelines he called "The Don'ts and Be Carefuls". In general he was not successful in quieting demands for federal censorship.

Hays Code 
Catholic bishops and non-church people were suspicious of federal censorship. They preferred the Hays approach of self-censorship. For several months in 1929, a group of Catholic leaders tried to come up with a new stricter code of behavior for the movies. A church Father wrote the legal code. This later became known as "The Hays Code". It was shown to Will Hays in 1930. He said, "My eyes nearly popped out when I read it. This was the very thing I had been looking for".
From 1930 to 1934, the Production Code was only somewhat helpful in fighting off calls for federal censorship. Things came to a head in 1934, with widespread threats of Catholic boycotts of immoral movies. The studios gave the MPAA full authority to enforce the Production Code on all studios. These strict rules of self-censorship lasted for decades. (The Code was finally set aside in the 1960s when the MPAA adopted the age-based rating system now in force.)

Also in 1934, Hays made a list of 117 names of actors and actresses whose personal lives he thought made them unfit to appear in movies.

Many European nations had quotas to make more of their own movies instead of Hollywood imports. A big success of Hays was his ability to work with the U.S. State Department and the U.S. Department of Commerce, to keep Hollywood on top of overseas movie markets.

Death
After his retirement, Will H. Hays returned to Sullivan, Indiana, where he died on March 7, 1954. His widow died in 1960.
Further reading 
 Black, Gregory D. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994; .
 Hays, Will H. The Memoirs of Will H. Hays. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1955.
 Jarvie, Ian. Hollywood's Overseas Campaign: The North Atlantic Movie Trade, 1920–1950. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
 Trumpbour, John. Selling Hollywood to the World: U.S. and European Struggles for Mastery of the Global Film Industry, 1920–1950. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

References

Other websites 

 Time magazine cover: Will H. Hays – Sept. 13, 1926 
 
 Will H. Hays at Find A Grave
 Hays Manuscript Collection, Lilly Library
 Mr Will H. Hays at the MPPDA Digital Archive 

1879 births
1954 deaths
United States Postmasters General
American activists
Politicians from Indiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians