Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
. Stefani and the Harajuku Girls are outfitted in cheerleading uniforms, accompanied by several Californian spirit groups: the Orange Crush All Stars, a cheerleading squad from Orange County; a marching band from Fountain Valley High School in Fountain Valley; a pep flag team named the Carson High School Flaggies from Carson; and a drill team from Stephen M. White Middle School in Carson. To visualize the song's bridge, the Harajuku Girls spell the word "bananas" with cue cards. The video ends with a close-up frame of Stefani with her arms in the air.
The Chevy Impala convertible from the video includes a painting by artist J. Martin.The design includes Stefani as seen on the album cover of Love. Angel. Music. Baby. with the words "Hollaback Girl" in calligraphy. The car was, eventually, sold on eBay. Pharrell, one of the song's co-producers, makes a cameo appearance. The complete version of "Hollaback Girl" featured in the music video was released commercially through CD singles and digital downloads. Some include remixes by Diplo and former No Doubt bandmate Tony Kanal.

References

Other websites

2004 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
Jeffrey Warren Daniels (born February 19, 1955) is an American actor. He was born in Athens, Georgia. He grew up in Chelsea, Michigan.

Daniels starred in Something Wild, Terms of Endearment, Arachnophobia and Dumb and Dumber. He won an Emmy Award in 2013.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 

Emmy Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
1955 births
Living people
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actors from Michigan
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Athens, Georgia
Joseph Frank "Joe" Pesci (born February 9, 1943) is an American character actor. He was born in Newark, New Jersey and is of Italian descent. He was raised in Belleville, New Jersey.

Awards 

 Best Newcomer to Film British Academy Award, New York Film Critics Circle Best Supporting Actor, National Society of Film Critics Best Supporting Actor, National Board of Review Best Supporting Actor, for Raging Bull, 1980

 Best Supporting Actor Academy Award, Los Angeles Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actor, National Board of Review Best Supporting Actor, for Goodfellas, 1990

 Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) American Comedy Award, for My Cousin Vinny, 1992

Filmography

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
1943 births
Living people
is a Japanese video game designer. At one time, he worked for Sega. Ōshima designed and created the characters for Sonic the Hedgehog and Dr. Eggman. Yuji Naka and Hirokazu Yasuhara are often given credit for his work on the Sonic series because of their close association with the Sonic name. Ōshima became well known at Sega's Sonic Team for creating characters and playing an important part in the development of games like Phantasy Star, Sonic CD, Nights into Dreams..., and Sonic Adventure.

After he left Sonic Team, he created his own game company called Artoon. Since then, he left from the position of president in the company and was replaced by Yutaka Sugano. From there he went on to work on games like Pinobee and Blinx: The Time Sweeper, and in 2004, the sequel to Blinx, Blinx 2: Masters of Time & Space. In 2010, Artoon was turned into AQ Interactive. In 2010, he and other main members of Artoon left to create Arzest. He was given a "Special Thanks in the game Sonic Generations.

References
References

Japanese video game designers
1964 births
Living people
Sega people
Dennis Franz (born October 1944) is an American television and movie actor. His movies include Die Hard 2. He has starred in many television series, including NYPD Blue.

American television actors
American movie actors
1944 births
Living people
This is a list of cities in the American state of New York:

New York, List of
Márcio Rafael Ferreira de Souza (born 7 September 1985) more commonly known as Rafinha is Brazilian footballer. He plays for Flamengo in the Bundesliga.

Career

Rafinha was born in Londrina, Brazil on 7 September, 1985. At the age of 7, he joined his local futsal team, Gremio Londrinense. In 2001, when he was 16, he moved to Coritiba. He also joined the Brazilian under-20 national football team. He was then signed by FC Schalke 04 on a four-year contact for what is widely believed to be a transfer fee of €5 million

In August of 2010, Rafinha signed with Genoa. One year later, he signed with Bayern Munich on a three-year contract for €5.5 million. He has made 31 appearances for Bayern Munich up-to-date.

International career

Rafinha has been called up to the senior Brazil squad once and has made a combined total of 16 appearances in the Under-20 and Under-23 sides.

References

Other websites
 

Living people
1985 births
Brazilian footballers
The moment of force (also called the first moment of force) about any point is the product of the force and perpendicular distance between them. If this first moment is again multiplied by the perpendicular distance between them, the product so obtained is called the second moment of force or moment of moment of the force.

If instead of force, the area of the figure or mass of the body is considered, it is called the second moment of area or second moment of mass. They are also termed broadly as moments of inertia.

There is no physical significance for moment of inertia. It is just a mathematical expression usually denoted by

Related pages
Polar moment of inertia

Engineering
Physical quantity
Geometry
Jean-Luc Vayssière, born in 1956, is a French professor, specializing in genetics and cell biology. He was President of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines from the 12th of April 2012 until April 2016.

Jean is also a graduate from the Paris Diderot University in molecular biology, he started his career as assistant at the Collège de France in the year 1990. In 1994, he became lecturer at the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. In 2001, he was appointed as the head of training at the École pratique des hautes études before entering in 2006 as teacher at the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Alongside his teaching activities, he is a researcher at the Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Biology, responsible of the "stress and cell death" team.
The 12th of April 2012, he is elected President of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, succeeding Sylvie Faucheux. He is replaced by Dider Guillemot in May 2016.

References
References 

Living people
1956 births
French chemists
French geneticists
Presidents of the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University faculty
Denying the correlative is a mistake in logic where a person tries to create a third possibility where there are only two. It is based on the concept of correlative conjunctions, pairs of statements where one statement must be true and the other must be false. For example 1. Ginger is a cat. 2. Ginger is not a cat. If a person claims that Ginger is something else than a cat or not a cat, then he is making a logically impossible claim, and denying the correlative. It is the opposite of the false dilemma, which tries to reduce options to only two. Another is if a person were asked if he killed someone and said, "I fought with him". That does not answer the question.

References

Logical fallacies
William Smith O'Brien (; 17 October 1803 – 18 June 1864) was an Irish politician. At one point he was a member of the British Parliament. Later on he was a nationalist and leader of the Young Ireland movement and led a rebellion against British rule in the 1840s during the Potato Famine. He was convicted of treason, a felony, and could have been executed, but he was exiled to Van Diemen's Land instead. In 1856, he was pardoned and allowed to return.

References

1803 births
1864 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British Anglicans
Members of the British House of Commons
Irish politicians
People from County Clare
Prisoners sentenced to death
False dilemma, also called the either-or fallacy, us vs. them fallacy, black-or-white fallacy, false dichotomy, or the fallacy of false choice, is a mistake in logic that allows only two possibilities when more than two exist.

For example, there is "either-or fallacy" in saying that an apple must be green or red.  The premise is that the apple is either one color or another; but this beginning is a mistake because some apples—not most—are other colors.  In other words, most apples are red or green, but some are also yellow.

A "fallacy of false choice" may hide a deliberate attempt to eliminate agreement on an issue. Eldridge Cleaver used this tactic when he said: "You're either part of the solution or part of the problem."

A false dilemma may also be used for comedic effect. Stephen Colbert used this tactic when he asked guests on The Colbert Report: "George Bush... great president or the greatest president?"
Related pages
 Fuzzy logic
 Denying the correlative
 Apples and oranges
 Falsifiability
 Ipse dixit

References

Further reading
  entry in The Fallacy Files

	

Logical fallacies
Countess Dracula is a 1971 Hammer horror movie. It is based on Countess Elisabeth Bathory-Nadasdy and her alleged crimes in late 16th and early 17th century Hungary. In it she kills young women to look young again by bathing in their blood. Countess Nadasdy is played by Ingrid Pitt in the movie. Other characters include her lover and henchman Captain Dobi, Captain Imre Toth a soldier for her late husband who she tries to seduce by pretending to be her daughter, and Fabio, her court historian who begins to suspect her and Dobi.

Pitt became a kind of cult icon for her role in this movie.

References

Other websites
 

1971 horror movies
1970s serial killer movies
Biographical movies
British horror movies
English-language movies
Hungarian movies
Movies about abduction
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in Europe
John Mitchel (; 3 November 1815 – 20 March 1875) was an Irish nationalist leader who helped lead a rebellion against British rule in the island in 1848. He was born in Camnish, near Dungiven, County Londonderry. His Jail Journal is one of the most famous works in Irish nationalism.

1815 births
1875 deaths
People from County Londonderry
Irish activists
Phytoremediation is fixing environmental problems through the use of plants.
A type of this is phytomining, which is a method of extraction. Some plants absorb copper compounds through their roots. They concentrate these compounds as a result of this. The plants can be burned to produce an ash that contains the copper compounds.

Conservation
Sustainable technologies
Wanderlust is a 2012 American comedy movie starring Paul Rudd and Jennifer Aniston. It is about a Manhattan couple who move to a commune in Georgia. It was released in early 2012.

Other websites 

2012 comedy movies
Adultery in movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Movies set in New York City
The Indian Navy is the naval part of the Indian Armed Forces.

In 2010, the Indian Navy had 58,350 personnel, around 170 ships and 180 aircraft. It is the world's fourth largest navy in terms of personnel.

Aircraft carriers 

Currently, the Indian Navy has one aircraft carrier. Two more are being built and will enter service by 2012 and 2015.

The carrier that the Indian Navy currently uses is called INS Viraat. INS Viraat was bought by India from the United Kingdom in 1986.

References 

Navies

Indian military organizations
Jean Peyrelevade (born 24 October 1939 in Marseille), is a French civil servant, politician and business leader.

Biography 

He always presented himself as a man of center-left.

Appointed in 1981 deputy chief of staff of Pierre Mauroy and economic advisor of Prime Minister, he manages nationalization, while professing his skepticism about their interest.

Long time economics teacher at the École Polytechnique, he has written books about the evolution of contemporary capitalism, including Le capitalism total published through the think tank of La République des idées in 2005. Denouncing in this book an extreme form of capitalism, he proposes to ban stock options as part of executive compensation to avoid conflicts of interest and offer better dividends to existing shareholders to limit the round- speculative return.
He argues Francois Bayrou at the French presidential election of 2007, and joined his campaign team, particularly to address the economic program. In 2008, at the municipal elections, he led the MoDem list in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, which collects 8.64% of votes in the first round, ranking fourth. Only elected on its list, he is borough councilor. June 13, 2008, he was appointed vice president of the MoDem for economic issues. He resigned from the board of the  16th arrondissement of Paris the 6th of January 2009 and of all his functions within the MoDem at the same time. He no longer has any ties partisan but an active participant of Terra Nova (think tank), the think tank of the left.

In an opinion published in Le Figaro, he advocated a separation between bank deposit and investment bank to regulate the financial system to prevent another financial crisis. He said the bank is a real public service, which must be managed as such.
On 7 September 2011, he says support the candidacy of François Hollande to the French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2011. During summer schools of MoDem the 17th of September 2011 and during radio interviews, Jean Peyrelevade said he would vote for Manuel Valls in the first round and - probably - for Francois Hollande in the second round. Jean Peyrelevade recognizes to Manuel Valls the quality of being politically incorrect when he speaks about "35 hours" as a major error on which we must return. On January 5, 2012, he states that he changed his mind "Bayrou's speech is more consistent, clearer". He is a member of the campaign strategy of François Bayrou and says that we need a period of wage moderation to revive French competitiveness.

Training 

 École Polytechnique (1958)
 École nationale de l'aviation civile (1961)
 University of Paris-Sorbonne (1963)
 Institut d'études politiques de Paris (1963)

Bibliography
Bibliography 

 Pour un capitalisme intelligent, ed. Grasset, 1993
 La république silencieuse, (with Denis Jeambar), ed. Plon, 2002
 Le capitalisme total, ed. Seuil, 2005, 
 Seul face à la justice américaine, ed. Plon, 2007
 Sarkozy : l'erreur historique, ed. Plon, 2008
 France, état critique, ed. Plon, 2011

References 

Living people
1939 births
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
French businesspeople
Politicians  from Marseille
French civil servants
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Alumni of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris
The Sukhoi Su-30MKI(NATO reporting name: Flanker-H) is a fighter plane made by Sukhoi and HAL for the Indian Air Force. It is a version of the Su-30. It first flew in 2000 and entered service in 2002. It is one of the heaviest fighters in the world and can fly very far.

The Indian Air Force plans to have 272 of these planes by 2020. They will form the backbone of Indian Air Force from then.

It is considered a 4++ generation fighter plane and has similar features to the Sukhoi Su-35.

References 

Indian military aircraft
The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is an aerospace company of India. Its headquarters are in Bangalore. It is one of Asia's major aerospace companies.

It is managed by the Ministry of Defence of the Indian Government. It builds and modifies military and civil aircraft. In addition, it is also involved in maintaining airports.

Aircraft companies
Manufacturing companies of India
Military of India
Bangalore
Year 200 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

Events 
 By place 
 Seleucid Empire 
 Antiochus III's forces continue their invasion of Coele Syria and Palestine.

 Greece 
 Philip V of Macedon's fleet defeat the Rhodians at Lade. His forces then advance into Pergamum, plundering Pergamese territory and attacking cities in Caria.
 The Acarnanians, with Macedonian support, invade Attica. 
 The Roman ambassador to Greece, Syria, and Egypt, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus delivers an ultimatum to Philip V warning Macedonia not to make war on any Greek state. Philip decides to reject the Roman ultimatum and the Romans declare war on Macedon, thus starting the Second Macedonian War.
 The Roman consul, Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus, asks Attalus I and his fleet to meet up with the Roman fleet off the Greek Aegean coast and they conduct a naval campaign against Philip V, harassing Macedonian possessions in and along the Aegean.
Roman Republic 
 Roman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul in the Battle of Cremona.
 The bacchanalia are wild and mystic festivals of the Roman god Bacchus which are introduced into Rome from lower Italy by way of Etruria (approximate date).

 Bactria 
 Euthydemus I of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom dies and is succeeded by his son Demetrius I of Bactria (approximate date).

 South America 
 The city of Tiwanaku is founded as a village near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (approximate date).
 The Early Horizon period in the Andes comes to an end as the Chavin culture vanishes and is succeeded by the Nazca culture (approximate date).

 China 
 The construction of the Wei-Yang Palace in the Han Dynasty capital (Chang'an) begins.
 The Hsiung-nu appear on the western borders of China.
 The Han emperor Gaozu is defeated by the Xiongnu in the Battle of Baideng.
 The Great Wall of China was completed.
By topic 
 Art 
 Alexander the Great, head from a Hellenistic copy of a statue, possibly after a 4th century BC original by Lysippos is made. It is now kept at the Archeological Museum in Istanbul, Turkey.
 Lost-wax casting is known in China and Mesopotamia (approximate date).
 Roman artists begin trying to produce the illusion of thin slabs of colored marble covering the walls, which are set off by actual architectural moldings and columns, in private houses. These attempts last for 120 years.

 Astronomy 
 The first good measurement of the distance between Earth and the Sun is made by Eratosthenes (approximate date). By studying lunar eclipses, his result is roughly 150 000 000 km. The currently accepted value is 149 597 870 691 ± 30 metres.

In fiction 
 This year is used as the fourth time world (Amazon Jungle) in the video game The Lost Vikings II.
 The Tribunal in Marianne Curley's Guardians of Time Trilogy is set up near Athens.

Births 

 Jia Yi, Chinese statesman and poet (d. 169 BC)

Deaths
Deaths 

 Euthydemus I, King of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom from 223 BC (approximate date)

200s BC
Year 101 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

Events 
 By place 
 Roman Republic 
 The Roman consuls Gaius Marius and Manius Aquillius defeat the Cimbri in the Battle of Campi Raudii (or Battle of Vercellae).
 Libya 
 Ptolemy Apion inherits the kingdom of Cyrenaica.

Deaths 

 Cleopatra III of Egypt assassinated by her son Ptolemy X Alexander I (b. 161 BC)
 Boiorix, king of the Cimbri tribe, killed at the Battle of Vercellae.

100s BC
Amado Boudou (born November 19, 1963) is an Argentine businessman.  He was the 35th Vice President of Argentina from December 2011 through December 2015. Before he was Minister of the Economy from 2009 to 2011. 

In 2012 he was accused of influence peddling and money laundering. He was sentenced to five years and ten months in prison, and banned for life from holding public office.

References

1963 births
Living people
Vice presidents of Argentina
The Russian Air Force is the air wing of the Russian Military. It is the world's second largest air force after the United States Air Force. It is also the only air force other than the United States Air Force who use modern strategic bombers. The Russian Navy also has its own Naval Aviation force.

History 
During the Cold War, the Soviet Air Force (and Air Defense Force) were as big as the United States Air Force. However, after the collapse of Soviet Union, the Russian Air Force was made much smaller because Russia did not have enough money to keep everything. However, spending on the Russian Air Force increased in the early 21st century.

Air forces
Russian military organizations
Ricardo Luis Lorenzetti (born 19 September 1955) is a member of the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina. He was elected President of the high court by his peers on November 7, 2006.

Lorenzetti was born in Rafaela, Santa Fe Province.  He is the son of a primary school teacher and a travelling salesman.  He went to school at the National University of the Littoral.  He became a lawyer in 1978.

References

1955 births
Living people
People from Santa Fe Province
Argentine judges
Alessandro Manzoni (Milan 7 March 1785 – Milan 22 May 1873) was an Italian writer and poet. His most famous book is The Betrothed, a novel that is a symbol of the Risorgimento, both for its patriotic message and because it was a fundamental milestone in the development of the modern Italian language.

Partial Bibliography
 Inni sacri (Sacred Hymnes, 1815)
 Osservazioni sulla morale cattolica (Observations about catholic moral, 1819)
 Il conte di Carmagnola (1819)
 Il cinque maggio (The fifth of May, 1821)
 Adelchi (1822)
 I promessi sposi (The Betrothed, 1827)
 La colonna infame (Infamous column, 1842)

Italian writers
Italian poets
Italian playwrights
Italian Roman Catholics
1785 births
1873 deaths
Football (or soccer in the U.S) is the most popular sport in Argentina. According to FIFA there are 2,658,811 players total; with 3,377 clubs and 37,161 officials. It is played from childhood into old age. 90% of Argentines say they have a favorite Argentine football club.

Football started in Argentina at the end of the 19th century. It was started by the British immigrants in Buenos Aires. The first Argentine league began in 1891. This makes it the third oldest league (after Great Britain and the Netherlands). The Argentine Football Association (AFA) was formed in 1893. It is the eighth oldest in the world.

The Argentin national team has won the football World Cup. They won in 1978 and 1986. They were runner-up in 1930 and 1990. They have also won the top continental tournament, the Copa América, fourteen times. The Argentina Olympic football team has won two Gold Medals. At club level, Argentine teams have won the most Intercontinental Cups (9) and the most Copa Libertadores (22).
Women's football has a national league since 1991. It is named the Campeonato de Fútbol Feminino. The female national representative qualified for the World Cup for the first time in 2007.

In futsal, Argentina were FIFUSA/AMF Futsal World Cup champions in 1994. They also compete in the FIFA code of futsal, where they finished third in the 2004 FIFA Futsal World Cup. The team also won the FIFA Futsal Copa América in 2003. Argentina was world champion in futsal for the visually impaired in 1998.

Argentina also compete in the beach football World Cup. Their best finish was third in 2001.

References
Pato is a game played on horseback.  It adds ideas from polo and basketball. It is the national sport of Argentina.

 is Spanish for "duck".  The early games used a live duck inside a basket instead of a ball. Pato has been written about since 1610. The playing field would often go between neighboring ranches. The first team to reach its own ranch house with the duck was the winner.

Pato was banned several times during its history.  This was due to the violence—not only to the duck; many gauchos were trampled underfoot.  Some lost their lives in knife fights started in the heat of the game. In 1796, a Catholic priest said that pato players who died this way should not get Christian burial. Laws saying people could not play pato were common in the 19th century.

During the 1930s, pato had rules added by ranch owner Alberto del Castillo Posse.  He made a set of rules based on modern polo. President Juan Perón made pato Argentina's national game in 1953.

Gameplay
Gameplay

In modern pato, two four-member teams ride on horses.  They try to get a ball which has six handles.  They score by throwing the ball through a ring that is vertical. The rings have a 100 cm (3.3 ft) diameter.  They are on 240 cm (7.9 ft) high poles. A closed net, going up for 140 cm (4.6 ft), holds the ball after goals are scored.

The winner is the team with most goals scored after the time is done.  Game time is six 8-minute "periods".

The field is: length 180 to 220 m (196.9 to 240.6 yd), width 80 to 90 m (87 to 98 yd). The ball is made of leather, with an inflated rubber chamber and six leather handles. Its diameter is 40 cm (15.7 in) handle-to-handle.  The weight is 1050 to 1250 g (2.3 to 2.8 lbs).

The player that has control of the  (i.e. holds the ball by a handle) must ride with his right arm outstretched.  He offers the pato so rival players have a chance of tugging the pato and stealing it. Not holding his arm out while riding with the pato is an offense called  (refusal).
During the tug itself, or , both players must stand on the stirrups and not sit on the saddle. The hand not tugging must hold the reins. The tug is usually the most exciting part of the game.

Pato is similar to the game of horseball played in France, Portugal, and other countries.

References

Sport in Argentina
Equestrian sports
The Congress of the Argentine Nation is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. It has two parts.  There is a 72-seat Senate and a 257-seat Chamber of Deputies.

The Congress is in charge of setting taxes and customs.  These must be the same across the country. It rules the Central Bank of Argentina, manages internal and external debt payment, and the value of national currency (currently the Argentine peso).

References 

 
Argentina
New Plymouth is the major city of the Taranaki Region on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is named after Plymouth, Devon, England. This district includes New Plymouth City and a few smaller towns. The district has 1.7 percent of the country's people.

New Plymouth Airport is the 11th busiest airport in New Zealand, with regular flights to Wellington, Auckland and Christchurch.

History 
In 1828, Richard Barrett set up a trading post at Ngamotu after he arrived on the ship Adventure. Barrett dealt with the local Māori and bought land from them.
Geography
The area is known for its dairy farms and its location. It is very close to both sea and mountain, with Mount Taranaki just south of the city. The volcanic cone of Mt Taranaki gives a view of the coastline. Taranaki, which is 2518 metres high, is one of the most climbed mountains in New Zealand. It is one of the places in New Zealand that attracts the most rainfall and the mountain has created a unique environment perfect for plants, alpine herb fields, and native and tropical forest. This attracts many bird species that can be observed in the National Park and surrounding areas.

Cities in New Zealand
1841 establishments
1840s establishments in New Zealand
New Plymouth District
The Argentine Senate is the upper house of the Argentine National Congress. It has 72 senators.  There are three for each province and three for Buenos Aires. There used to be 2 senators from each province.  That was changed in 1994.

Senators are elected by direct election on a provincial basis.  The party with the most votes is given two of the province's senate seats. The second-place party gets the third seat. Currently one-third of the members are elected every two years to a six-year term. In other words, one-third of the provinces hold senate elections every two years.

Requirements

According to Section 55 of the Argentine Constitution, candidates for the Argentine Senate must 
 be at least 30 years old
 have been a citizen of Argentina for six years
 be native to the province of his office, or have been a resident of that province for two years.

Authorities
Current leadership positions include:

References 

Senate
National upper houses
The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of  the Argentine National Congress. This Chamber is the only one to levy taxes; to draft troops; and to call the President, cabinet ministers, and members of the Supreme Court before the Senate.  There are 257 seats.  One-half of the members are elected every two years.

Members must be at least twenty-five years old.  They must have been a resident of the province they represent for at least four years.

Each province has one deputy per 161,000 people.  Then each province gets 3 more deputies.  The minimum number of deputies is five.

References

Argentine National Congress
National lower houses
Liberty X are a British vocal pop-R&B group. The band was formed in London in 2001 from contestants in the first series of Popstars. The band split in 2007. They reformed in 2012.

The quintet's members are: Michelle Heaton (born 1980), Tony Lundon (born 1979), Kevin Simm (born 1980), Jessica Taylor (born 1980) and Kelli Young (born 1981).

2001 establishments in England
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English R&B bands
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups from London
The May Revolution happened from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires was the capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. It was a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. The result was the removal of Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros and the forming of a local government now called the "Primera Junta". In Argentina this is now celebrated as "May Week" ().

The May Revolution was a direct reaction to Spain's Peninsular War of the previous two years. In 1808, King Ferdinand VII of Spain abdicated in favor of Napoleon.  Napoleon gave the throne to his brother, Joseph Bonaparte. 

The May Revolution began the Argentine War of Independence. No formal declaration of independence was made. The Primera Junta continued to govern in the name of the deposed king, Ferdinand VII. The Argentine Declaration of Independence was made at the Congress of Tucumán on July 9, 1816.
1810
19th-century rebellions
Buenos Aires
19th century in Argentina
19th century in Spain
Revolutions
What today is commonly called the Independence of Argentina was made on July 9, 1816.  It was done by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen that were together in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America.  This is still today one of the legal names of the Argentine Republic. The Federal League Provinces, were at war with the United Provinces.  They were not allowed into the Congress. Many provinces from Upper Peru were at the Congress.

Independence began with the 1810 May Revolution.
Signatories of the declaration
Francisco Narciso de Laprida, Deputy for San Juan, President
Mariano Boedo, Deputy for Salta, Vice-president 
José Mariano Serrano, Deputy for Charcas (present-day Bolivia), Secretary 
Juan José Paso, Deputy for Buenos Aires, Secretary
Dr. Antonio Sáenz, Deputy for Buenos Aires 
Dr. José Darragueira, Deputy for Buenos Aires 
Friar Cayetano José Rodríguez, Deputy for Buenos Aires 
Dr. Pedro Medrano, Deputy for Buenos Aires 
Dr. Manuel Antonio Acevedo, Deputy for Catamarca 
Dr. José Ignacio de Gorriti, Deputy for Salta 
Dr. José Andrés Pacheco de Melo, Deputy for Chibchas (present-day Bolivia)
Dr. Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante, Deputy for Jujuy
Eduardo Pérez Bulnes, Deputy for Córdoba 
Tomás Godoy Cruz, Deputy for Mendoza 
Dr. Pedro Miguel Aráoz, Deputy for Tucumán
Dr. Esteban Agustín Gazcón, Deputy for Buenos Aires 
Pedro Francisco de Uriarte, Deputy for Santiago del Estero 
Pedro León Gallo, Deputy for Santiago del Estero
Pedro Ignacio Rivera, Deputy for Mizque (present-day  Bolivia)
Dr. Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Deputy for Charcas (present-day  Bolivia)
Dr. José Severo Malabia, Deputy for Charcas (present-day  Bolivia)
Dr. Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Deputy for La Rioja
Lic. Gerónimo Salguero de Cabrera y Cabrera, Deputy for Córdoba 
Dr. José Colombres, Deputy for Catamarca 
Dr. José Ignacio Thames, Deputy for  Tucumán
Friar Justo de Santa María de Oro, Deputy for San Juan 
José Antonio Cabrera, Deputy for Córdoba 
Dr. Juan Agustín Maza, Deputy for Mendoza 
Tomás Manuel de Anchorena, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Recognition of independence
 Kingdom of Hawaii: 1818
 Portugal: 1821
 Brazil, United States of America: 1822
 United Kingdom: December 15, 1823
 France: 1830
 Denmark: 1841
 United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway: 1847
 Spain: April 29, 1857

References

 9 de Julio de 1816: Declaración de la Independencia  
Act of Independence - Spanish Wikisource 
Machine translations of the full text at College of Humanities and Social Sciences - North Carolina State University

1816
Declarations of independence
19th century in Argentina
Politics of Argentina
The constitution of Argentina is one of the main sources of existing law in Argentina.  Its first version was written in 1853 by a Constitutional Assembly gathered in Santa Fe.  The basis was taken in part from the United States Constitution. It was then changed in 1860, 1866, 1898, 1949, 1957.  The present version is the text of 1994.

 
The first government was made after the May Revolution.  Many revolutionary leaders, led by Mariano Moreno, wanted to declare independence immediately.  There were problems between the two main parties.  Finally the federal constitution was made on May 1, 1853.

Related pages
Constitution
Constitutionalism
Constitutional economics

References
 Official translation to English
  from the Argentine Chamber of Deputies page. 
 Reforms to the original 1853 Constitution  

Government of Argentina
Argentina
1853
The peso is the money of Argentina.  It has also been called the peso convertible. It is divided into 100 centavos. The number is written with a $  sign and then the number.

In 2011, four pesos were equal to one United States dollar.  In October 2014, eight pesos are equal to one United States dollar.

References

Other websites
 Banknotes of Argentina

Currency of South America
Economy of Argentina
1826 establishments
19th-century establishments in Argentina
1820s establishments in South America
Gul Mohamad Zhowandai (1905-1988) was born in Kabul, Afghanistan. He was a poet and writer. He wrote novels in Persian. His published works include:

Ferroz — short stories (Kabul, Afghanistan)
Ahrezo ah ye per ahshoob — short stories (Kabul, Afghanistan: Islla Publications)
Kachkol — novel (Kabul, Afghanistan)
Collection of Poems (Kabul, Afghanistan: Islla, Anis)

References
Modern Fiction In Afghanistan (Taraneh Publication)
An Encyclopedia of Persian Literature in Afghanistan Vol. 3 (Tehran, 1999)
Mahseerin Sukhanwar (Kabul, Afghanistan)

Other websites
Zhowandai.com 

1905 births
1988 deaths
Afghan writers
Afghan poets
People from Kabul
CEGEP is an acronym for , which means "College of general and vocational education". It is the name for public colleges in Quebec, Canada. It was created in 1967 after the Quiet Revolution in the 1960s, when the provincial government took over the management of health care and education.

Other websites
List of Cégep schools
Fédération des cégeps

 
1967 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Canada
Zwonowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lyski, within Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is west of the regional capital Katowice.

Pastors
 Antoni Gasz (1942-1950)
 Oswald Niedziela (1950-1954)
 Jerzy Stefani, pastor of Lyski in the years 1954-1956 led ministry in Zwonowice
 Antoni Kraus (1956-1962)
 Kazimierz Wyciślik (1962-1978)
 Antoni Pieczka (1978-1995)
 Roman Gołąb (1995-present)

Villages in Poland
Silesian Voivodeship
Habit or Habits may refer to:
 Habit (psychology), an acquired pattern of behavior that often occurs automatically
 Habit (biology) is the form of growth of an animal or plant
 Habit (clothing), for example, as worn by monks or nuns
 Drug addiction is sometimes referred to as "having a drug habit"
 Habituation, a basic activity in which an animal responds less to stimuli

Related pages
 Habitat
 Instinct

io:Kustumo
A presenter, or host / hostess, is a person who guides or introduces an event, especially on television.

A similar term is master of ceremonies (MC, emcee, or host). The main use of the term 'presenter' is on television, where the presenter introduces other speakers, and introduces program sections. The role is similar to narrator, who talks over visuals ("voice over")  or plays a main role in the program. A presenter does not have to be an expert on the content of the program, but a narrator or commentatior is often an expert.

Television presenter
A television presenter is a person who introduces or hosts television programmes.  It is common for minor celebrities to do this. There are also many people whose main job is presenting. This is very common with children's television series. One example of this is Mister Rogers.
Some presenters may also be an actor, model, singer, comedian or other profession.  Others may be experts on certain things. These include scientists or politicians They work as presenters for a programme about what they are an expert at. For instance, Carl Sagan, an astronomer was the host of Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, a television series that dealt understanding the universe. Some television presenters are celebrities who have made their name in one area and use their fame to work in other areas.  Examples of this include British comedian Michael Palin who now presents programmes about travel (such as Around the World in 80 Days), and Alan Alda, who has presented Scientific American Frontiers.

The term is also used in other countries, such as Ireland.  In the United States, the term host or MC (Master of Ceremonies) is commonly used.
News presenter 
A news presenter (also called an anchor, news anchor or newscaster) is a person who presents news during a news program. The program can be on television, on the radio or on the Internet. A news presenter, or anchor, puts together the entire program. This may include writing, selecting, and reading stories on the air. The job of an anchor is often more improvised than scripted. This is especially true during breaking news (when events are happening quickly). They have to coordinate other reporters, interviews and behind-the-scenes events as they happen. They must also deal with technical difficulties and keep the broadcast going.
Other presenters
There are presenters for many types of things. These include: 
 Radio presenter: A radio presenter (or radio personality) is similar to a television presenter, except that they present radio programs instead of television programs. 
 Sports presenter: A presenter introduces the programme, but a sports commentator is an expert role: it must be done by someone with detailed knowledge of the sport.
 Weather presenter: A weather presenter  is a type of journalist on television who presents weather forecasts. He or she does not compose the weather report: they present the work of people who the viewer never gets to see.

References

Entertainment occupations
A television presenter (often referred to as a television personality or television host) is a person who introduces or hosts television programs, often serving as a mediator for the program and the audience. Nowadays, it is common for people who garnered fame in other fields to take on this role, but some people have made their name solely within the field of presenting—such as children's television series or infomercials—to become television personalities.

Related pages
 Television director
 Television producer
The dollar or peso sign ($) is a symbol that is for either the peso or dollar.  These are types of money around the world. Sometimes it is an S with one line through it.  Sometimes it is an S with two lines through it.  When there are two lines it is called a cifrão.  There are many stories about why this symbol is used to mean money.

Currency symbols
Argentina is at a place that would naturally put it in the UTC−4 time zone.  It actually uses the UTC−3 time zone. Argentina decides whether to have daylight saving time on a year-by-year basis.  The provinces may choose to follow the national choice or not. In 2009, Argentina did not have daylight saving time.

References

Argentina
Argentina
UTC−04:00 makes clocks 4 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time. 

These are the places who are on the UTC−04:00 time zone.

As standard time (all year round)

ECT - Eastern Caribbean Time Zone
Anguilla (UK)
Antigua and Barbuda
Barbados
Dominica
Grenada
Montserrat (UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
British Virgin Islands (UK)

Atlantic Standard Time
Puerto Rico (US)
U.S. Virgin Islands (US)

Other Caribbean
Aruba
Curaçao
Dominican Republic
Guadeloupe (France)
Martinique (France)
Sint Maarten

South America
Bolivia
Guyana
Brazil - parts of Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima

North America
Canada - Quebec (east of the 63°W longitude)

As standard time (Northern Hemisphere winter)
Atlantic Standard Time
Bermuda (UK)
Canada
all of New Brunswick (legally offset from GMT), Nova Scotia (legally offset from GMT), Prince Edward Island 
Newfoundland and Labrador - most of Labrador
Greenland (Denmark) (Kalaallit Nunaat)- northwestern (observes United States daylight saving time rules)

As standard time (Southern Hemisphere winter)

South America
Chile - Mainland. See also Time in Chile
Falkland Islands
Paraguay

As daylight saving time (Northern Hemisphere summer)

Caribbean
Bahamas
Cuba
Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)

Eastern Daylight Time
Canada
Nunavut (eastern), most of Ontario and most of Quebec
United States
All of Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia (U.S. state), Maine, Maryland,Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
Most of Florida, Indiana, Michigan
Eastern parts of Kentucky, Tennessee

References

UTC offsets
UTC−03:00 makes clocks 3 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time.

These are countries who use UTC-03:00 for time.

As standard time (all year round)
Suriname
Falkland Islands
French Guiana
Brazil - Brasília Time
Except the western states of Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, and far-away islands
Argentina
Uruguay
 Antarctica - Graham Land

As standard time (Northern Hemisphere winter)
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) - most of island, including south coast and southwest coast - observes European Union DST rules
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (France) - observes North American DST rules

As daylight saving time (Northern Hemisphere summer)
Canada (Atlantic Daylight Time)
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Labrador except the southeastern tip
Bermuda (UK)
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) - Northwest - area around Thule - observes North American DST rules

As daylight saving time (Southern Hemisphere summer)
Chile - mainland
Paraguay

References

UTC offsets
Phone numbers in Argentina have ten digits.  This is when both the area code and the subscriber's code are included. The area code may have 2, 3 or 4 numbers. The remaining 8, 7 or 6 numbers are the subscriber's number. For example, phone number (11) 1234-5678 for Buenos Aires has a 2-digit area code number and an 8-digit subscriber's number. (264) 123-4567 is an example of a San Juan number.

Public utility numbers
Here is a list of the most common public utility service numbers:

 100: Firefighters
 101: Police
 102: Child services
 103: Civil defense
 106: Coast Guard 
 107: Ambulance
 110: Phone directory
 112: Customer service
 113: Official time
 114: Phone repair service 
 115: Ring test
 121: Phone usage info (subject to availability)
 125: Assistance service for the hearing-impaired
 911: Emergency (only in cities where 100, 101 and 107 have been merged into one emergency number, such as the Buenos Aires Metro Area and Buenos Aires Province)

References

Telephone numbers
Argentina
A municipality is one way Argentina is divided. It is a city, town, or township.  A province is the biggest way Argentina is divided. The provinces are divided into departments.  The Departments are then divided into municipalities.

Subdivisions of Argentina
A department is one way Argentina is divided. A province is the biggest way Argentina is divided. The provinces are divided into departments.  The Departments are then divided into municipalities.

There are no departments in the city of Buenos Aires.  There are 376 departments.  Because names do not have to be unique, 75 departments have same or similar names.

Subdivisions of Argentina
The House of Savoy was the ruling dynasty of the Duchy of Savoy, then the Kingdom of Sardinia and later Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946. 

The House of Savoy began in Switzerland in the Middle Ages. The Savoy rose to power in Sicily War of Spanish Succession then gave up Sicily for Sardinia in 1720 later adding Piedmont to their kingdom.

In 1792 they joined the alliance against Napoleon Bonaparte. They were defeated at first but had their kingdom restored after Napoleon was defeated. 

In 1859, King Victor Emmanuel II led the unification of Italy and ruled until 1878. His grandson Victor Emmanuel III came to power in 1900 after King Umberto I was assassinated. Victor Emmanuel III was king during both World War I and World War II. He also appointed Benito Mussolini Prime Minister in 1922.
After World War II, public support for the monarchy fell and Victor Emmanuel III abdicated in 1946. His son Umberto II was king for a month before a referendum abolished the monarchy. Today the leadership of the House of Savoy is contested between Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples, who is the son on Umberto II, and his cousin Prince Amedeo, Duke of Asota.

There was also a branch of the family that settled in France they were known as the Dukes of Nemours and often had close ties with the Court of Louis XIV. 

From 2006 until his death in 2021, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta was the disputed head of the House of Savoy.

Links 
 Church of the Castle of Lierna Lake Como
 Lierna
 Order of Saint Maurice and Saint Lazarus
 Emanuele Filibert of Savoy
The Bourbon Restoration was the return of the House of Bourbon to France after the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte. It began in 1814 after Napoleon was defeated and exiled to Elba island off the coast of Italy. Louis XVIII of France, the younger brother of Louis XVI of France, was named king in 1814 by the Congress of Vienna.

After being removed by Napoleon during the Hundred Days, Louis XVIII was returned to power in 1815 and died in 1824. Louis XVIII was succeeded by his younger brother Charles X of France who ruled until he was removed in 1830 by the July Revolution.

House of Bourbon
1810s in France
1814 establishments
1830 disestablishments
1810s establishments in France
Disestablishments in France
19th-century disestablishments in Europe
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies () was a kingdom in southern Italy from 1816 until 1861. It was created by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, after the Congress of Vienna of 1814, by uniting the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples, which had been ruled by Joseph Bonaparte who conferred the title "Prince of Naples" to be hereditary on his children and grandchildren, during the reign of Napoleon. The ruling dynasty was a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon.

The capital of the kingdom was Naples. Roman Catholicism was the state religion.  The kingdom was full of corruption and poverty: mainly because of this, most of the population welcomed the Risorgimento with the unification of southern Italy to the rest of Italy in 1861.

In 1861, Giuseppe Garibaldi and his men, who were known as "red shirts", captured Sicily. This was welcomed by the local population. Garibaldi then crossed the Strait of Messina and captured Naples. South Italy and Sicily then joined the Kingdom of Italy.

Administrative division
The peninsula was divided into fifteen "departments" and the island of Sicily was divided into seven departments. The island itself had a special administrative status, with its base at Palermo.

After the Two Sicilies were conquered by Garibaldi, the departments became provinces of Italy.

Royal family