Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Celtic tribes 

From the Iron Age onward, Britain was divided among a variety of Celtic tribes. When the Romans came, many of the tribes adopted Roman culture and the Latin language.

Central 
 The Brigantes - Controlled what would later be much of Northern England.
 The Carvetii - Located in the area of the Solway Plain just north of Hadrian's Wall.
 The Corieltauvi - They lived in what is now the East Midlands.
 The Cornovii - Lived in what is now the West Midlands.
 The Parisii - Occupied what is now East Yorkshire.
Southeastern 
 The Atrebates - Occupied what is now West Sussex, parts of Hampshire and Surrey.
 The Belgae - Were in and around the county of Hampshire.
 The Cantiaci - Lived in and gave their name to the modern county of Kent
 The Catuvellauni - Occupied what would later be Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.
 The Iceni - Were in area of what was later Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire
 The Regnenses - They occupied what would be East Sussex and Surrey.
 The Trinovantes - Controlled Essex and parts of Hertfordshire and Middlesex.
Western 
 The Deceangli - Their territory included north-east Wales.
 The Demetae - Gave their name to Dyfed; also inhabited modern Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire.
 The Dobunni - Their territory included Northern Somerset, Bristol, and Gloucestershire.
 The Dumnonii - Occupied what would be Cornwall and Devon.
 The Durotriges - Occupied the later area of Dorset and western Hampshire.
 The Gangani - They occupied much of north-western Wales.
 The Ordovices - They lived in northern Wales and Anglesey
 The Silures - Their territory included modern Monmouthshire, Breconshire and Glamorganshire.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 The Kingdom of the Britons, BBC Scotland's History
 Celtic Britons, BBC Wales History

Ethnic groups in Europe
History of the United Kingdom
Celtic peoples
Big Time Rush (BTR) is an American television series created by Scott Fellows. It originally aired on Nickelodeon. It stars the boy band of the same name, which includes Kendall Schmidt, James Maslow, Carlos Pena Jr., and Logan Henderson. The show centers on four hockey players from Minnesota who were selected to form a boy band in Los Angeles. Aired on November 28, 2009, the series continued for four seasons. It ended with an hour-long finale special called "Big Time Dreams".

American boy bands
American television series
Nickelodeon television series
English-language television programs
Clonazepam is an anticonvulsant. This means it can be used to stop seizures. It is also used to lessen states of fear. It is an anxiolytic. It is a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are very addictive. Clonazepam is used to treat certain forms of epilepsy. It is also used to treat certain disorders of sleep, such as sleepwalking. In certain cases it is used as an off-label drug in psychiatry. It is also used for panic disorders.

Drugs used in psychiatry
Organonitrogen compounds
Organochlorides
Tenant farming is when the person who works the farmland does not own the land themselves. The farmer pays rent  to the landowner, either with cash or with a portion of the produce. When the rent is a share of the crop, it is sharecropping.

Many freed slaves during the Reconstruction of the United States who owned no land became tenant farmers, renting land from a great landowner.  

Agriculture
Labor
Hope Springs is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by David Frankel and written by Vanessa Taylor. It stars Meryl Streep, Tommy Lee Jones, Mimi Rogers, Jean Smart, and Steve Carell. 

The movie was released on August 8, 2012. It received generally positive reviews and the cast was praised for their performances. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, and won a People's Choice Award.

Other websites 

2012 comedy-drama movies
2012 romantic comedy movies
2012 romantic drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies set in Maine
Movies set in Nebraska
People's Choice Award winners
Movies directed by David Frankel
A mockbuster (also called a knockbuster or a drafting opportunity) is a movie made to take advantage of the publicity of a similar major movie. These types of movies are often made on a low budget. They are made to be released direct-to-video at the same time that the original movie is released in theaters or on video.

Mockbusters are often made to make customers mistakenly buy the movie instead of the one that they wanted. For example, someone may think that they are buying Transformers, but they are actually buying Transmorphers, a mockbuster that was released in 2007. Because of this, a mockbuster will often use a title similar to the original movie.
Many mockbusters are made in a different country than the one that the original movie was made in. There are many Turkish, Italian, German, French and Brazilian versions of American movies, as well as sequels that were not made by the people who made the original movie. Animated movie mockbusters are Spider's Web: A Pig's Tale, a rip-off of Charlotte's Web; Ratatoing, a rip-off of Ratatouille); The Little Panda Fighter and Chop Kick Panda, rip-offs of Kung Fu Panda, and many more movie mockbusters.

References

Other websites
 The Mockbuster at TV Tropes
Ceol also spelled Ceola or Ceolric ( 557 — 23 July 597) was the King of Wessex from 592 until his death in 597. His reign is mostly known thanks to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

Early Life
Ceol was born on 20 February 557. His father was Cutha, who was the son of King Cynric and the younger brother of Ceawlin who was then crown prince. 

Ceol grew up learning Archery, Science, History, and as well as learning to fight in battles. When Ceol grew older, his battle skills improved and that he quickly rose through the ranks.

Reign

Revolt against Ceawlin
In late 591, Ceol's father was killed most likely on the orders of Ceawlin who was now king as Cutha betrayed him. Ceol was mad at his uncle for killing his father, who Ceol loved so much. 

Thus, Ceol raised troops against Ceawlin and started the Revolt of 591-592. Ceol and his troops captured every part of Wessex and was very close to capturing Winchester, the capital where Ceawlin surrendered and abdicated the throne in favour of Ceol.
Rule
Ceol, who was now king was crowned on 25 June 592 at Winchester Cathedral. The first thing Ceol did as king was to rebuild the kingdom as it has been destroyed during the rebellion. He ordered the reconstruction of the towns in Wessex that has been damaged.

Ceol then planned to reform the country and improve health care and education in the country. He builded more schools for young kids to be educated. He also expanded the army and the navy of Wessex. He also created peace with neighbouring countries and as well as stabilising Wessex.

Death
In 597, Ceol died due to him accidentally being poisoned by his wife. Because Ceol's son, Cynegils was too young to rule, Ceol was succeeded by his younger brother, Ceolwulf.

Legacy
Ceol has a great reputation. During his rule, Wessex became more powerful and the people would experience peace and prosperity. His son Cynegils would go on to become the King of Wessex after Ceol's younger brother, Ceolwulf died in 611. Ceol was considered a great and a solid king.
557 births
597 deaths
Kings and Queens of Wessex
6th century in England
Slavonic Orthodox refers to churches in Eastern Europe that serve Slavic peoples. 

Eastern Orthodox Church
This is a list of characters in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. 
Escalus (Prince) is the political ruler of Verona. He is the cousin of MERCUTIO and PARIS
Count Paris is a filthy snob. In LOVE with Juliet.
Lord Montague is a powerful nobleman of Verona and the head of the Montague family. He is Romeo's father.
Lady Montague is Montague's wife and Romeo's mother.
Romeo Montague is the son of Lord and Lady Montague. Romeo falls in love with Juliet Capulet, and secretly marries her. Juliet fakes her death to rid herself of a parental marriage arrangement with Count Paris. Romeo is not aware of the fake death. He believes Juliet is truly dead and kills himself. Leonardo DiCaprio, Leonard Whiting, Douglas Booth and Leslie Howard have played Romeo in movie adaptations of the play. Romeo is also a character in opera and ballet adaptions of the play. 
Benvolio is a member of House Montague and ROMEO's cousin.
Capulet is a powerful nobleman of Verona and the head of the Capulet family. He is Juliet's father.
Lady Capulet is CAPULET's wife and JULIET's mother.
Juliet Capulet is barely a young adult when she meets and falls in love with a family enemy, Romeo Montague. The two marry secretly. When Juliet's parents arrange a marriage for Juliet with Count Paris, she takes a potion that will make her appear to be dead. Her body is taken to a crypt. She later comes back to life. When she discovers Romeo has killed himself, she kills herself. Claire Danes, Norma Shearer, Hailee Steinfeld and Olivia Hussey have played Juliet in the movies. The play was adapted to opera and ballet. Rudolph Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn have danced the "star-crossed lovers" in the ballet adaptation.
Friar Lawrence is an old clergyman who secretly marries Romeo and Juliet. Juliet's fake death is his idea. He is unable to prevent Romeo from killing himself.
Juliet's Nurse is about 28 years old. She has a well known speech in which she recalls Juliet's babyhood.
Tybalt is a hot-headed young man always looking for a fight. He is Juliet Capulet's cousin. He kills Mercutio in a duel and is later killed by Romeo. Basil Rathbone and Michael York have played Tybalt in the 1936 and 1968 movie adaptations.
Mercutio is a young man and friend to Romeo. When Romeo declines to participate in a duel with a family enemy, Mercutio takes Romeo's place and is killed as Romeo tries to end the duel. Mercutio is a talkative young man. His most famous speech is the Queen Mab speech.
Balthasar is ROMEO's personal servant in House Montague.
Abraham is a servant in House Montague
Samson is a servant of House Capulet.
Gregory is a servant of House Capulet.
Peter is the NURSE's personal servant in House Capulet. 
Apothacary is a pharmacist who sells Romeo the poison that he uses to kill himself.
Friar John is a a clergyman in the same group as FRIAR LAURENCE whom he uses to try and send a message to ROMEO.
Rosaline  is the gorgeous and aloof woman Romeo crushes on until he meets the love of his life, Juliet. But, um, don't get excited, because we never see her, she has no speaking part, and she isn't even listed in the dramatis personae (the cast list). So, why the heck are we talking about Rosaline in our "Character Analysis"? Well, we may not hear directly from Rosaline (or even see her unless we watch, say, Zeffirelli's 1968 film adaptation of the play), but we do hear a lot about her from one of the play's major characters, Romeo.
capulet Surname of the heroine Juliet's family in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
Friar John We know very little of Friar John's personality.  Certainly he is willing to help Friar Lawrence so we might say that he is obedient or kind.  He is caught up in a quarantine so we know that his inability to deliver the letter wasn't because of cowardice or bad intent.  All we can say for sure is that Friar John tries to help Friar Lawrence.  He has no idea what is in that letter.  We know that he does make the attempt but that is about all we know.  It is difficult to draw conclusions about Friar John's personality from our limited contact with him in the story.
 
In addition, the script contains a number of minor characters such as Pages, Musicians, Citizens of Verona, male and female Kinsfolk to both Houses, Masquers, Guards, Watchmen, Officers, and Attendants.
Gravity is released in 2013 British-American space drama science fiction thriller movie. It is a 3D movie.

It was co-written, co-produced, co-edited and directed by Alfonso Cuarón. The movie stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as surviving astronauts from a space shuttle destroyed by debris. 

The movie has gotten many awards, and won seven awards in the 86th Academy Awards, with Alfonso Cuarón receiving Best Director.

Other websites 

2013 drama movies
2013 3D movies
2013 science fiction movies
2010s thriller movies
2010s American drama movies
2010s British drama movies
American science fiction movies
British science fiction movies
American thriller movies
British thriller movies
2010s English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Alfonso Cuarón
The Million Second Quiz is an American television game show. It aired on NBC from September 9 to September 19, 2013. It follows a group of contestants who compete for up to $2 million in a game show that lasts for 1,000,000 seconds (or 11 days, 13 hours, 46 minutes, and 40 seconds). NBC aired the show for one hour each day (except for Sunday the 15th, and the final episode was two hours), while the rest of the show aired on the Million Dollar Quiz internet application and NBC.com. It is hosted by Ryan Seacrest.
Format
The show takes place in a large hourglass-shaped structure in Midtown Manhattan near the Lincoln Tunnel. Contestants play for 24 hours a day for 1,000,000 seconds, or around eleven and a half days. At any given time, a contestant is sitting in the "Money Chair" and earning money, while defending his/her position in the chair in bouts against another contestant. Contestants earn $10 a second they are in the chair, even when bouts are not being played and during commercial breaks. Only the four contestants with the highest amount of money keep their winnings when the million seconds are up.

Each bout lasts for a set number of seconds. All questions are multiple choice with four possible answers. Contestants use keypads to lock in their answers. The players cannot see each other's answers. They have five seconds to do so when the question is asked.
Televised bouts
During the episodes that are seen on television, there are three bouts: the "Challenger" bout (300 seconds, or 5 minutes), the "Line Jumper" bout (300 seconds in the first episode, 400 seconds, or 6 minutes 40 seconds, from the second episode on), and the Winner's Defense" bout (400 seconds in the first through ninth episodes, 500 seconds, or 8 minutes 20 seconds, in the 10th episode). Questions start at one point each. Every 100 seconds, the value of the questions increase by one point.

At any time, a contestant may choose to "double" instead of answering the question. If the contestant does so, the question's value is doubled, and the opponent has to either answer the question or "double back", which quadruples the point value and forces the person who the question was given to answer. If a doubled or doubled-back contestant answers incorrectly or does not answer in five seconds, the opponent gets the points. Contestants can choose to double as often as they want during a bout.
At the end of a bout, the contestant with the higher score wins and either stays in the "Money Chair" or replaces the current contestant in it. If both contestants have the same number of points at the end of a bout, a question is asked, and the contestant who answers correctly first wins the bout. If both contestants answer incorrectly, the contestant with the higher amount of money wins.

The "Challenger" bout has a contestant who has successfully gone through an on-site tryout process. The "Line Jumper" bout has a contestant who has gotten a high enough score on the Million Second Quiz internet application, allowing them to skip the tryout and go on the show.
The four contestants with the most amount of money live in the "Winners' Row". This is a living area that is set up next to the hourglass. They are at risk of being replaced if another contestant gets a higher score than them. During a "Winner's Defense" bout, the current "Power Player"  (the contestant who had the highest number of correct answers playing along in "Winners' Row" that day) chooses one of the four "Winners' Row" contestants, who can be him/herself, to play against the contestant who is currently in the "Money Chair". The winner gets all of the loser's winnings in addition to their own winnings, while the loser is out of the game.
Non-televised bouts
Bouts that are not shown on television last for 500 seconds. Every question is worth one point. Contestants cannot double in these bouts. Four bouts are played in an hour; with a five-minute pause after each of the first three. The fourth bout is followed by an 11-minute break. During this time, a contestant may eat, drink, or use the bathroom. Contestants earn money during the five-minute pauses, but not during the 11-minute break.

Finals
After 1,000,000 seconds, the four contestants with the most amount of money keep all of the winnings they have earned. They face in a series of three bouts, which are as follows:

The contestant with the fourth and third-most amount of money face off in a 400 second bout.
The contestant who won the first bout faces against the contestant with the second-most amount of money in a 400 second bout.
The contestant who won the second bout faces against the contestant with the most amount of money in a 500 second bout.
The winner of the third bout wins $2,000,000.

References

Other websites

2013 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
NBC network shows
Television quiz shows
English-language television programs
2013 American television series endings
The Ice Storm is a 1997 American drama movie. The movie is about two families in New Canaan, Connecticut who are dealing with politics and serious social matters in November 1973. These two families do that using adultery, alcohol and sexual experimenting. Christina Ricci, Elijah Wood and Kevin Kline are in the cast. The Ice Storm received very positive reviews from the critics. Its performance at the box office, however was terrible: the movie only got back close to half its $18 million budget. This movie was released in the United States in autumn 1997.

Other websites 

1997 drama movies
Adultery in movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ang Lee
Movies set in Connecticut
Movies set in the 1970s
Screenplays by James Schamus
Edith Nesbit (1858–1924) was an English writer. She was known for her books for children. Some of her novels, such as The Railway Children, have been made into films.

Other websites
Bio at spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk

English writers
1858 births
1924 deaths
Artemisia is a 1997 French and Italian erotic and biographical movie. It is about Artemisia Gentileschi, a 17th-century Italian painter. She is as talented as her father, who is also a painter. At that time in Italy, women were not allowed to paint humans in the nude.   But Artemisia is very much determined.

The movie got very positive reviews. The MPAA originally gave Artemisia an NC-17 rating. On appeal, the rating was changed to an R-rating.

1990s biographical movies
1997 drama movies
French biographical movies
French drama movies
German biographical movies
German drama movies
Italian biographical movies
Italian drama movies
C major is a major scale based on C, which is made up of the pitches C,D,E,F,G,A,B. Its key signature has no flats or sharps (see below: Scales and keys).

Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor. A scale in both C major and A minor can be played on a piano or other keyboard instrument using only the white keys.

Most of the time key signatures were cancelled whenever the new key signature had fewer sharps or flats than the old key signature, in modern popular music, this is only done when C major or A minor replace another key.

Scales and keys

References

Musical keys
Major scales
Geoffroi de Charny ( 1300 – 19 September 1356) was the Lord of Lirey, a French knight and a writer. Sir Geoffroi was born of an important French family.  Throughout his life he fought many battles for France. He fought in the Crusades and many times throughout the war with England.   He was always loyal to his King, Jean II, King of France and died at the Battle of Poitiers protecting him. Throughout his lifetime he was well known and well respected by both the French and the English kings and nobles.  At Poitiers he was chosen to carry the Oriflamme into battle.  The Oriflamme was the Kings banner and this was a great honor given to a knight by the King.  He was also one of the Knights chosen to fight close to and protect the King. De Charny was said to be a "true and perfect Knight".
Jean de Joinville was de Charny's grandfather's.  He was a close friend of King Louis IX and author of his biography.  In the same tradition, Sir Geoffroi wrote three books in his time.  His most famous book was "A Knight's Own Book of Chivalry".  In this book he shared his great skill and knowledge of combat.  The second book written by de Charny is entitled, "Requests (or Questions) for jousting tournaments and war".  It was written about 1352 to the Knights of the Order of the Star which Sir Geoffroi founded.  This book was written in the form of questions.  His third book was the book "Charny", describes the life of a knight and lists the qualities a good knight must possess.

Charny fought in Flanders and Tournay.  He was taken prisoner but was ransomed because the King considered him so important.  He fought in many major battles during the Hundred Years' War such as the battles of Calais, Crecy and Poitiers.
Sir John Chandos was a close friend and biographer of Edward, the Black Prince, the eldest son of King Edward III of England.  Chandos was a famous knight himself.   He was an educated man and wrote down the events of a great meeting of both sides before the Battle of Poitiers. He wrote that at that meeting Sir Geoffroi tried to avoid a great bloodshed by proposing a smaller battle where 100 knights on each side would do battle with each other and the outcome would decide the battle.  Chandos writes that Charny was trying to find an honorable solution to avoid a great many more deaths.  The Black Prince refused that offer.  Charny’s predictions turned out to be true and indeed a great many nobles on both sides lost their life that day, including de Charny himself.

Charny died at the Battle of Poitiers while protecting the King.
The Shroud of Turin
Historical records seem to indicate that a shroud bearing an image of a crucified man (represented in the Pilgrim Badge shown here) existed in the small town of Lirey in France around the years 1353 to 1357 in the possession of Geoffroi de Charny.   The cloth itself is controversial.  Some believe it is a fake, while others believe the shroud to be the true burial cloth of Jesus Christ.

References 

1300 births
1356 deaths
Writers from Grand Est
Knights
Crusaders
People from Aube
A mixtape (or mixed-tape) is any compilation of songs recorded onto a cassette tape or other storage medium. A mixtape usually shows the kind of music that the person who made it likes to listen to. It can range from a randomly selected list of favourite songs, to a conceptual mix of songs of the same genre or mood. Making mixtapes may be considered an art form.

Since the 1990s, the term "mixtape" can also describe releases used to promote one or more new musical artists, or as a pre-release by more established artists to promote upcoming albums.

References

Audio technology
Compilation albums
Caius or Gaius was a lawyer who lived in the 2nd century. Very little is known about his life, but he left a scholarly work on Roman law, called Institutiones. The Law of Citations, introduced in the year 426, made him one of the authorities of Roman law, together with Ulpian, Paulus, Papianus and Modestinus.

His works were written between AD 130 and 180.

Ancient Roman writers
Lawyers
2nd-century deaths
2nd-century births
Pascal's simplex is a mathematical term.  A simplex gives a generalisation of a triangle.  Pascal's simplex gives the generalisation of Pascal's triangle.

Mathematics
Corey Michael Locke (born May 8, 1984) is a Canadian ice hockey player. He has played for the Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers, and the Ottawa Senators. He also played for Turku (Finland). He was born in Toronto, Ontario.

Other websites 
Corey Locke at Hockey-Reference 

1984 births
Living people
Abbotsford Heat players
Binghamton Senators players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Wolves players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Houston Aeros (1994–2013) players
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Rangers players
Ottawa Senators players
Ice hockey people from Toronto
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
A harrow is a farm tool.  It is an implement for breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil. In this way it is different from a plow, which cuts deeper into the soil. A plow also lifts up the soil and tips it over, but a harrow works mostly by cutting into the soil and breaking it up. Harrowing is often carried out on fields to follow the rough surface left by plowing. 

The purpose of this harrowing is generally to break up clods (lumps of soil) and to provide a finer finish, a good tilth or soil structure that is good for planting seeds. It may also be used to remove weeds and to cover up seed after sowing. 

Harrows differ from cultivators in that they disturb the whole surface of the soil, instead of disturbing only narrow trails that avoid crop rows (to kill weeds).
Types
There are four general types of harrows: disc harrow, tine harrow, chain harrow and chain disk harrows. Harrows were originally pulled by draft animals, such as horses, mules, or oxen, or in some times and places by people. In modern practice they are almost always pulled by tractors, either from a drawbar or mounted on the three-point hitch.

Harrows may be of several types and weights, depending on their purpose. They almost always consist of a rigid frame that holds discs, teeth, linked chains, or other means of moving soil—but tine and chain harrows are often only supported by a bar at the front of the set.
Disc harrows are typically used for heavy work, such as following plowing to break up the sod. The discs have notched edges and are slightly curved to help them catch the soil and rotate. This helps mix the soil, instead of leaving ridges and trails behind.  In addition, there are various types of power harrow, in which the cultivators are power-driven from the tractor rather than working by being dragged.  Giant disc harrows can be used in place of a plow in rough areas with tree stumps and rocks.

 Chain harrows are often used for lighter work such as levelling the tilth or covering seed.  They can also be used on pastures to spread out manure, or for smoothing a playing field, such as a baseball infield.

 Tine harrows are used to prepare the field before planting, to remove small weeds in growing crops and to loosen the soil between rows.  This lets water soak into the ground easier. A tine is a metal bar pointing to the ground. Unlike a disc, it does not rotate.
The fourth is a chain disk harrow. Disk attached to chains are pulled at an angle over the ground. These harrows move rapidly across the surface. The chain and disk rotate to stay clean while breaking up the top surface to about 1 inch (3 cm) deep. A smooth seedbed is prepared for planting with one pass.

Depending on the type of soil and the crop being planted, one or more types of harrows may be used to get the soil ready for planting.  If the soil is very light so that it might easily be wind-blown, a roller can be used at the end to settle it.

A drag is a name for a heavy harrow, often a chain type.

References

Agricultural machinery
Bell Laboratories (or Bell Labs) is part of the French company Alcatel-Lucent which in turn is owned by Nokia. It is a research subsidiary of the company, and is based in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, United States.

AT&T created Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1925. It works on creating new things. Bell Labs in the 20th century did much scientific research. Work done there has won seven Nobel Prizes.

Other websites
Official site 

Research organizations in the United States
1925 establishments in the United States
Ceawlin (also spelled Ceaulin, Caelin and Celin; 27 February 530 — 25 April 593) was the King of Wessex from 560 until in 592 where he was overthrown by his nephew, Ceol, who became his successor. His reign is mostly known thanks to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It was said that Ceawlin was very active fighting in battles. It was also said that it was during Ceawlin's reign where Wessex greatly expanded.

War leader and king 
  
Ceawlin was the son of Cynric. He is mentioned as fighting alongside his father against the Bretons at Branbury in 556. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Ceawlin became king of the West Saxons in 560. Bede states Ceawlin was the second king to rule the southern English as overlord. The informal term for a king that ruled over other kings was bretwalda. The term comes from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and means 'Britain ruler'. These overkings typically received tribute from other Anglo-Saxon kings in the south.
About 592 Ceawlin fought a battle at Woddesbeorg (or Wodnesbeorg) also called  Adam's Grave, east of Devizes in Wiltshire. There was a 'great slaughter' but nothing was said as to who he fought; Britons or Anglo-Saxons. But it was over this loss that Ceawlin was driven out of power. His nephew Ceol replaced him as king in 592. Ceawlin died in 593. At the end of his reign, the Gewisse or West Saxons held the lands of Berkshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire and much of Gloucestershire.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
590s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Meet the Press is an American television news/interview show that airs on NBC. It began on November 6, 1947. It is the longest-running television show in American television history.

The show's format has a long one-on-one interview with a person who works in politics. There may also be a discussion with either members of Congress or political commentators.

Meet the Press began on radio in 1945 as American Mercury Presents: Meet the Press. It was a show that was used to promote The American Mercury, an American magazine that was issued from 1924 to 1981. The show moved to television with a shorter title of just Meet the Press on November 6, 1947.

Over the years, the show has had twelve hosts called "moderators". The first moderator was Martha Rountree. The current moderator is Kristen Welker, who has hosted the show since 2023. Tim Russert was the show's longest-lasting moderator, who hosted from 1991 until his death on June 13, 2008.
Moderators 
This is a list of moderators who have hosted Meet the Press.

References

Other websites 

 Meet the Press official website
 60th anniversary background information
 
 
 

NBC network shows
American television talk shows
1950s American television series
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
American television news programs
Black and white television series
NBC
Peabody Award winners
Radio programs
English-language television programs
The MultiMediaCard (MMC) is a flash memory card standard. It was developed by SanDisk and Siemens AG for use in the consumer market. The card is about the size of a postage stamp: 24 mm × 32 mm × 1.4 mm.

Storage devices
Gaius [ gey-uhs ], sometimes spelled Caius, was a common given name in Latin. When written, it is often abbreviated C.; the abbreviation goes back to before the Roman alphabet distinguished between the letters C and G. The moniker Gaius originates from the Latin term "gaudere," which translates to "to rejoice." It was a highly favored name during ancient Rome and was adopted by numerous notable personalities, including Julius Caesar. The name Gaius was also utilized by several Roman emperors, such as Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, famously recognized as Caligula. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
People 
Caligula, the Roman emperorGaius Caesar, adopted son of emperor Augustus
Gaius (jurist),a lawyer of the 2nd century; one of the authories on Roman law
 Gaius the Platonist, a 2nd century philosopher
 Pope Caius, a bishop of Rome in the 3rd century
Gaius Cassius Longinus, senator
Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, historian
 Gaius Terentius Varro, senator; commander in the Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War
Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator
Gaius Iulius Vindex
Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Younger
Galerius
Diocletian

References

Given names
Amanda Lee Modano (earlier last name: Williford, also called Willa Ford; born January 22, 1981, Florida) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. She released her first studio record, Willa was Were, in July 2001. Ford hosted several reality television shows, posed for Playboy and competed on the show Dancing with the Stars.

Singers from Florida
Actors from Florida
Participants in American reality television series
1981 births
Living people
Erin Wasson (born January 20, 1982) is an American model, actress and designer. She has had roles in several movies. She was also on the covers of several fashion magazines, including Vogue, Esquire and Elle. She walked international runways for fashion designers.

Wasson was born in Irving, Texas.

People from Irving, Texas
Actors from Texas
Models from Texas
1982 births
Living people
Mademoiselle was an American fashion magazine which was mostly for women. It was first published in 1935 by Street and Smith. Mademoiselle became known for publishing short stories by authors including Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote and James Baldwin. In the 1960s, Mademoiselle became a clothing and fashion magazine. When the editors could not update the magazine to appeal to enough people, Mademoiselle stopped printing. The last issue was in November 2001. Some employees and features of the magazine were then transferred to the Glamour magazine.

1935 establishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in the United States
American women's magazines
Fashion magazines
"Don't Worry, Be Happy" is a song from musician Bobby McFerrin. It was the first a cappella single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100. It stayed there for two weeks. The video to the song is shorter than the album version. The song was released in September 1988. It has become more popular since then.

The song lyrics came from Meher Baba, who usually said "Don't worry, be happy."

References

Pop songs
1988 songs
Crécy-en-Ponthieu is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France, located south of Calais. It gives its name to Crécy Forest, which starts about two kilometres to the south-west of the town and which is one of the largest forests in the north of France. A very small river, the Maye, runs through the town.

History
Crécy-en-Ponthieu is best known as the site of the Battle of Crécy in 1346, one of the earliest and most important battles of the Hundred Years' War.
Yet there are other significant historical links. One is the Chausee Brunehaut which passed within two miles of the town and is the Roman road from Paris and Amiens to Boulogne, and is still visible and walkable today.
And just to the north of the town, slightly to the west of where the Battle was fought, there was an airfield used in the Second World War.

References

Other websites 
 

Communes in Somme
Sahti is a traditional beer from Finland. It has alcohol 7-9%. The writer Michael Jackson made sahti more well-known in other parts of the world.

Finnish manufacturers
Lammin sahti
Yolly Giant
Joutsan sahti Oy

Other websites
 Sahtiverkko (Finnish) .

Finnish culture
Beer
What's New Pussycat? is a romantic comedy movie from 1965. The movie is about music, infidelity and romance taking place in France. The movie stars Woody Allen (who also produced), Peter O'Toole, Romy Schneider, Paula Prentiss, Ursula Andress and Peter Sellers. The release for this movie was June 1965.

1965 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
French romance movies
French comedy movies
Movies directed by Clive Donner
Movies about psychiatry
Movies set in hotels
Movies set in Paris
I'll Do Anything is a comedy-drama movie from 1994. This movie is about an actor who finds himself the sole caretaker for his six-year-old daughter. Anne Heche plays Claire. Tracey Ullman plays Beth. Nick Nolte plays Matt. The movie got very positive reviews from the critics. The box office intake, however, was poor. The release of I'll Do Anything was in February 1994.

1994 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Joely Fisher (born October 29, 1967) is an American actress. She played Nina on the ABC show Desperate Housewives. She also played Susan in the 1994 holiday comedy movie Mixed Nuts.

Fisher was born in Burbank, California.

In September 2021, Fisher was elected Secretary-Treasurer of SAG-AFTRA.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Burbank, California
1967 births
Living people
Lighting or illumination is the use of light to achieve a certain effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Lighting is a major factor in photography, movie making and television studios.

References 

Light
Mary Willa "Mamie" Gummer (born August 3, 1983) is an American actress. She has been in many movies and television programs.

Early life
Gummer was born in New York City, New York. She is the daughter of actress Meryl Streep and sculptor Don Gummer. She grew up in Salisbury, Connecticut. She also spent five years in Los Angeles, California with her older brother, Henry Wolfe Gummer, and younger sisters, actress Grace Gummer and Louisa.

Work

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York (state)
1983 births
Living people
Cynric († 560) was the King of the Gewisse, also called the King of Wessex. He reigned from about 534 to 560.
Cynric, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, was the son of Cerdic. Most of what is known about Cynric and his father Cerdic comes from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. According to the chronicle, Cerdic and Cynric, both chiefs, arrived in 495. Cerdices ora is the name of the place they landed and fought the Britons there on the same day. In 519 they defeated Britons at Cerdices ford and took Wessex. In 527 at a place called Cerdices leaga they battled with the Britons again. In 530 they conquered the Isle of Wight. The record for 534 states that Cerdic died this year, his son Cynric became king and ruled for 26 years. As king, Cynric was involved in two more major battles in and around Wiltshire. The first in 552 was at Searoburh. The second battle was at Beranburh (Barbury Castle) in 556. In this last battle Cynric's son Ceawlin was fighting alongside him. In 560 Cynric was succeeded by his son Ceawlin. His name also appeared in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle along with other Anglo-Saxon kings.
Family 
Cynric had:

 Ceawlin († 593).
 Ceolwulf, who did not reign.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
560s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (born June 17, 1987) is an American rapper and songwriter. He is from Compton, California. He married a woman named Shylah.  He is best known for his albums Overly Dedicated, Section.80, Good Kid, M.A.A.D City, To Pimp a Butterfly, and DAMN.. He has also released five mixtapes.

In October 2013 Lamar won five awards at the 2013 BET Awards. He performed "Money Trees" at the show.

He was the only guest rapper on Eminem's album The Marshall Mathers LP 2, which was released November 5, 2013.

Lamar did eighteen concerts with Kanye West as part of West's October-December 2013 Yeezus Tour.

Lamar was nominated for seven Grammy Awards in 2013. He performed "m.A.A.d city" and a remix to "Radioactive" with Imagine Dragons at the awards ceremony.
In 2015, Kendrick Lamar released the studio album To Pimp a Butterfly. It won the award for Best Rap Album at the Grammy Awards. The project also got a nomination for Album of the Year. The single "I" earned Grammy Awards for both Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance in 2014. Two more songs from the album earned awards at the 2015 ceremony, with "Alright" winning both Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance, and "These Walls" winning an award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. "Alright" also received nominations for both Song of the Year and Best Music Video.
In 2017, Lamar released Damn, stylized as DAMN.. The project was nominated for seven Grammy Awards in 2017, winning five. The project earned the award for Best Rap Album, while also earning a nomination for Album of the Year. The single "HUMBLE." earned awards for Best Rap Performance, Best Rap Song, and Best Music Video, while also receiving a nomination for Record of the Year. Another track, "LOYALTY.", featuring singer Rihanna, won the award for Best Rap/Sung Performance. In 2018, DAMN. earned the Pulitzer Prize award for Music, making Lamar the first rap artist to earn the award.

In 2018, Lamar served as the primary curator of the soundtrack for the superhero movie Black Panther, releasing the Black Panther soundtrack. This release and its tracks earned seven Grammy Award nominations, including for Album of the Year, in 2018. The track "King's Dead" (with Future, Jay Rock and James Blake) earned the award for Best Rap Performance.
On May 13, 2022, Lamar released his fifth studio album Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers after taking a 5-year break from making music. It won the award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2023 Grammy Awards.

References

1987 births
Living people
21st-century American rappers
African-American rappers
American Christians
American filmmakers
American hip hop record producers
American hip hop singers
Brit Award winners
Converts to Christianity
Emmy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Interscope Records artists
Musicians from Compton, California
Pulitzer Prize winners
Rappers from California
Record producers from California
Singer-songwriters from California
The Chew is an American television talk and cooking show. It airs on ABC. It started on September 26, 2011. It replaced the soap opera All My Children. The show's name was inspired by talk show The View. It focuses on food-related and lifestyle topics. It is hosted by Mario Batali, Michael Symon, Carla Hall, Clinton Kelly, and Daphne Oz.

On April 11, 2012, ABC announced that the show would air for a second season.

References

Other websites
 
 

2011 American television series debuts
American television talk shows
English-language television programs
2018 American television series endings
ABC network series
A cooking show (also called a cookery programme) is a television program where one or more hosts show people how to cook food dishes in a kitchen studio set. The show's host, often a celebrity chef, will make one or more food dishes in an episode. They will show the inspiration for the dish, how to make it, and the stages of cooking. These types of shows are often meant to be educational, although some shows are competitions that are meant to entertain the viewer.

The cable television network Food Network airs these types of shows.

References 

Television programs
Cooking
Cerdic († 534) was the first Anglo Saxon King of the Gewisse, also called the King of Wessex. He was the progenitor of the kings of Wessex and the Anglo-Saxon kings of England beginning with Athelstan.

War leader and king 
  
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic, along with his son Cynric, came to Britain in 495. Their three ships landed at Cerdic's ora fought the Britons there on the same day. Most of what is known about Cerdic comes from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. In 519 he and his son defeated Britons at Cerdic's ford and took Wessex. In 527 at a place called Cerdic's leaga Cerdic and Cynric battled with the Britons again. In 530 they conquered the Isle of Wight. The record for 534 states that Cerdic died this year. Cerdic was succeeded by his son Cynric.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gave Cenred a pedigree going back to the Saxon god Woden. But historian Kenneth Sisam 
showed this legendary pedigree was borrowed from the Kings of Bernicia and was not historic. But archaeological evidence shows that outside of Kent and Sussex, the main area of settlement was in the upper Thames Valley. This agrees with much of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle although dates are harder to verify.

It should be noted that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is not a reliable document for the period contemporary to Cerdic's supposed reign. It should also be noted that Cerdic is a British name and not an Anglo-Saxon name. It is also unlikely that Wessex was the name of his proposed kingdom. Ultimately, Cerdic should be considered as mythology.

Family 
Cerdic had:

 Cynric († 560).

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
530s deaths
Kings of Wessex
In mathematics, the Euler characteristic of a shape is a number that describes a topological space, so that anything in the space will have the same number. It is calculated by taking the number of points in the shape, the number of lines in the shape, and the number of faces of the shape. One can find the Euler characteristic with this formula:

where V is the point count, E the line count, and F the face count. For most common shapes (convex polyhedron), the Euler characteristic is 2.

For spheres, the Euler characteristic is also 2.

Related pages 

 Platonic solid

References 

Topology
Graph theory
Smith College is a women's college in Northampton, Massachusetts, United States. It is a private, independent, liberal arts college. It is the largest member of the Seven Sisters group of colleges. In 2013, it was number 18 on U.S. News & World Report's list of Best Liberal Arts Colleges.

Smith is a member of the Five Colleges group. That means its students can go to classes at four other schools: Mount Holyoke College, Amherst College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

History

Smith College was started in 1871 using money left by Sophia Smith. She left money in her will to start a women's college after her death. In her will, she said:

When Smith College opened in 1875, it had 14 students and six faculty. By 1915–16, there were 1,724 students and 163 faculty.

The Smith campus covers . It has more than 1,200 varieties of trees and shrubs.
The United States Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, was a training ground for junior officers of the Women's Reserve of the U.S. Naval Reserve (WAVES). It was nicknamed "USS Northampton." On August 28, 1942, 120 women went to the school for training.

Smith has had 10 presidents and two acting presidents. (An acting president is someone who does the work of a president when there is no president or the president is not available to do the work.) Elizabeth Cutter Morrow was the first acting president of Smith College and the first female head of the college, but she did not use the title of president. For the 1975 centennial, the college had its first woman president, Jill Ker Conway. Since her term, all Smith presidents but one have been women.

On December 10, 2012, the Board of Trustees announced that Kathleen McCartney would be the president of Smith College starting on July 1, 2013. Her official inauguration was planned for October 2013.

Notable students
Notable students

Many Smith students have become notable.  They include: