Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Randall David "Randy" Johnson (born September 10, 1963) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). He pitched for the Montreal Expos, Seattle Mariners, Houston Astros, Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Yankees, and San Francisco Giants. He was chosen to 10 All Star teams, and won five Cy Young Awards. He became a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015.

References

1963 births
American Christians
American League All-Stars
American photographers
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Baseball players from California
Houston Astros players
Living people
Montreal Expos players
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees players
San Francisco Giants players
Seattle Mariners players
Stefan Hierländer (born February 3, 1991 in Villach, Carinthia) is an Austrian footballer. He plays with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg as midfielder in the Austrian Bundesliga.

He started in Carinthia with his local club SV Greifenburg. 2008 he went to Sampdoria Genua but came back after a few weeks. His first professional team was the second squad of SK Austria Kärnten. As SK Kärnten got no license for the 2010/11 season he signed a contract with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. Being an offensiv midfielder he played under the new coaches Ricardo Moniz and Niko Kovac as right defender.

On July 20th, 2013 he played his 100 match in the Austrian Bundesliga. 62 of them he did for FC Red Bull Salzburg. In 2013 he played 17 matches and then got an knee injury.

Honours
Austrian Champion: 2012
Austrian Cup:2012

References

1991 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
People from Villach
SK Sturm Graz players
Austrian football champions
Abadan is a  city in southwestern Iran. In the year 2006 there were 217,988 people living there.

References 

Cities in Khuzestan Province
Thor is a heavy metal band from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Line-up
Jon Mikl Thor - vocals
John Leibel - guitar
Ted Jedlicki - bass
Tom Croxton - drums
Matt McNallie - guitar
Matt Hamilton - guitar

Discography

Albums
Albums

 Thor-Body Rock (1973)
 Keep the Dogs Away (1977, 30th anniversary re-release 2009)
 Electric Eyes (1979, release 2017)
 Only the Strong (1985)
 Live in Detroit (1985, re-release 2009)
 Recruits – Wild in the Streets (1986)
 The Edge of Hell (1986) (credited as Tritonz)
 Thunderstruck: Tales from the Equinox (1998)
 Dogz II (2000)
 Triumphant (2002)
 Mutant (2003)
 Beastwomen from the Center of the Earth (2004)
 Thor Against the World (2005)
 Devastation of Musculation (2006)
 Into the Noise (2008)
 Steam Clock (2009)
 Sign of the V (2009)
 The Guardian (2010)
 Soundtrack from the movie THOR - The Rock Opera (2011)
 Thor's Teeth (2012, Special edition vinyl)
 Thor – Thunderstryke (2012)
 Thor – Thunderstryke II (2013)
 Metal Avenger (2015, compilation)
 Aristocrat of Victory (2013)
 Bugs Bunny Dressed as a Girl (2013)
 Only the Strong Deluxe Edition (2014)
 Metal Avenger (2015)
 Beyond the Pain Barrier (2017)
 Christmas in Valhalla (2018)
 Hammer of Justice (2019)
EPs
Muscle Rock (1977) (Credited as Thor & the Imps)
Gladiator (1979)	
Striking Viking (1980)
Unchained (1983)
Odin Speaks (2001) (Split with Thor & the Ass Boys)

Other websites 
Thor site
MySpace page
MySpace page

Canadian hard rock bands
Canadian heavy metal bands
Glam metal bands
Power metal
people from British Columbia
1978 establishments in Canada
Musical groups established in 1978
Ricardo Moniz (born 17 June 1964) is a former Dutch footballer and now coach of Lechia Gdańsk.

Player career
He played for RKC Waalwijk, HFC Haarlem, Helmond Sport and FC Eindhoven.

Coaching career
From 2005 till 2008 Moniz was skill trainer for Tottenham Hotspurs in Englands Premier League. 2008 he was skill trainer for HSV(Hamburger Sport-Verein). 2010 he became coach of HSV because the former trainer was dismissed. He played in the  semi-final  of the 2010 UEFA Europe League but lost against FC Fulham.

Since the beginning of the 2010/11 season he is coach for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. He became skills and talent coach and was responsible for the youth departments of FC Red Bull Salzburg (Austria), RB Leipzig (Germany), New York Red Bulls (USA), Red Bull Brasil (Brasil) and Red Bull Academy Sogakope (Ghana). After the demotion of Huub Stevens he became head coach of the team.
With FC Red Bull Salzburg he reached the round of 32 in the UEFA Euro league 2011/12.
Since August 2012 he is coach of the Hungarian team Ferencváros Budapest.

References

Other websites

Profile on FC Red Bull Homepage 

1964 births
Living people
Dutch football managers
Footballers from Rotterdam
FC Red Bull Salzburg managers
Hamburger SV managers
Derek Boogaard (June 23, 1982 – May 13, 2011) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played for 6 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Minnesota Wild and New York Rangers. He was known for being an enforcer and for his physical play, this gained him the nicknames, "Boogeyman" and "The Mountie".

He was found dead in his Minneapolis apartment on May 13, 2011. He was only 28 years old.

References

Other websites 

1982 births
2011 deaths
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Drug-related accidental deaths
Houston Aeros (1994–2013) players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Medicine Hat Tigers players
Minnesota Wild players
New York Rangers players
Sportspeople from Saskatoon
Prince George Cougars players
Regina Pats players
ECHL players
Hatebreed is a hardcore punk band from Wallingford, Connecticut. Hatebreed was formed in 1994. They have toured with bands such as Slayer, Deftones, Slipknot, and Mastodon. They also played the main stage at Ozzfest 2006 alongside bands such as DragonForce, Lacuna Coil, Avenged Sevenfold, Disturbed, and co-headliners System of a Down.

Members

Current 
 Jamey Jasta (vocals)
 Chris Beattie (bass guitar)
 Wayne Lozinak (guitar)
 Matt Byrne (drums)
 Frank Novinec (guitar)

Discography

Albums 
 Satisfaction Is the Death of Desire (1997)
 Perseverance (2002)
 The Rise of Brutality (2003)
 Supremacy (2006)
 For the Lions (2009)
 Hatebreed (2009)
 The Divinity of Purpose (2013)

Other websites 
Hatebreed's Official website

American heavy metal bands
Metalcore bands
A Milankovich cycle is any slow but regular change in the Earth's orbit around the Sun, and the tilt of the Earth's axis. 

The dynamics are complex. The changes affect the 'insolation' (sunlight falling on parts of the Earth). This leads to cycles of climate on Earth, at about 21,000, 41,000 years, 100,000 and 400,000 years. This whole field is still under active research.

Using applied mathematics, Milutin Milanković predicted that variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit caused climate patterns on Earth.

Similar astronomical theories had been advanced in the 19th century by Joseph Adhemar, James Croll and others. However, there was at first no reliable dated evidence. The issue was not settled until deep-ocean cores were taken and a paper published in Science in 1976.

The cycles
The cycles

Orbital shape (eccentricity) 
Earth's orbit is an ellipse. The eccentricity is a measure of the departure of this ellipse from circularity. The shape of the Earth's orbit varies in time between nearly circular and mildly elliptical.

Axial tilt (obliquity) 
The angle of the Earth's axial tilt varies with respect to the ecliptic plane, because perturbations from other planets shift the Earth's orbit. 

When the obliquity increases, the summers in both hemispheres receive more heat and light from the Sun, and winters less. Conversely, when the obliquity decreases, summers receive less sunshine and winters more. These slow 2.4° obliquity variations are roughly periodic. They take about 41,000 years to shift between a tilt of 22.1° and 24.5° and back again.
Axial precession 
Precession is the wobble of the Earth's axis. This gyroscopic motion is due to the tidal forces exerted by the Sun and the Moon on the solid Earth, which has the shape of an oblate spheroid rather than a sphere. The Sun and Moon contribute roughly equally to this effect. Its period is about 26,000 years.

When the axis points toward the Sun, one polar hemisphere has a greater difference between the seasons while the other has milder seasons. The hemisphere that is in summer at perihelion receives much of the corresponding increase in solar radiation, but that same hemisphere in winter at aphelion has a colder winter. The other hemisphere will have a relatively warmer winter and cooler summer.

Apsidal precession 
Planets orbiting the Sun follow elliptical (oval) orbits that rotate gradually over time (apsidal precession).
In addition, the orbital ellipse itself precesses in space, primarily as a result of interactions with Jupiter and Saturn. This shortens the period of the precession of the equinoxes from 25,771.5 to ~21,636 years.

Orbital inclination 

The inclination of Earth's orbit drifts up and down relative to its present orbit with a period of about 70,000 years. Milankovitch did not study this three-dimensional movement. This movement is known as 'precession of the ecliptic' or 'planetary precession'.

Researchers noted this drift, and also that the orbit moves relative to the orbits of the other planets.  The invariable plane, the plane that represents the angular momentum of the Solar System, is approximately the orbital plane of Jupiter.  The inclination of the Earth's orbit has a 100,000 year cycle relative to the invariable plane. This is very similar to the 100,000 year eccentricity period.  This 100,000-year cycle closely matches the 100,000-year pattern of ice ages.
It has been proposed that a disk of dust and other debris exists in the plane, which affects the Earth's climate.  The Earth moves through this plane around January 9 and July 9, when there is an increase in radar-detected meteors and meteor-related noctilucent clouds.

A study of the Antarctic ice core, using oxygen-nitrogen ratios in air bubbles trapped in the ice, concluded that the climatic response documented in the ice cores was driven by Northern hemisphere insolation as proposed by the Milankovitch hypothesis. This is an additional validation of the Milankovitch hypothesis by a relatively new method. It is not consistent with the "inclination" theory of the 100,000-year cycle.

Related pages
Orbital forcing

References 

Earth
Climate
Celestial mechanics
Petri Kontiola (born October 4, 1984 in Seinajoki, Finland) is a professional Finnish ice hockey center that currently plays in the Kontinental Hockey League for the Traktor Chelyabinsk. Kontiola also played in the NHL for a season with the Chicago Blackhawks. He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 196th pick in the 2004 NHL Draft.

Other websites
 

1984 births
Living people
Chicago Blackhawks players
Finnish ice hockey players
Ice hockey centres
Iowa Stars players
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Toronto Marlies players
American Hockey League players
Aquarius is a mineral sports drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. It was introduced in Japan in 1983. It was the official drink of the 1992 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics, and 2016 Summer Olympics. It was planned to be the official drink of the 2020 Summer Olympics.

References 

Drinks
Estopa are a popular duo from Cornellà, Spain. The band consists of the brothers José and David Muñoz, who sing different sounds reflecting many genres, including rock, rumba and flamenco. Their first album, Estopa, has sold over 1,000,000 copies to date. Their latest album, Voces de Ultrarumba, sold more than 200,000 copies on its first day of release. Their music has made them one of the most successful rock groups in Spanish history.

Members
José Muñoz, the younger brother, was born in 1978. He plays guitar for Estopa. David Muñoz, the older brother, was born in 1976. He is the singer and also plays some guitar. They are brothers born in Extremadura. The brothers grew up listening to such bands as Los Chichos, Los Chunguitos, and Bordón on their trips with their parents from Cornellà to Zarza Capilla, where their parents were from.
As they grew up, José and David attended college for some time before deciding that it was not right for them. After quitting their studies, they worked for a factory manufacturing car parts for the company SEAT. It was in that factory where they began composing their earliest songs and they began to play in local bars.

After playing a song for the bosses at BMG Music España, Estopa was given a record deal.

Spanish musical entertainers
People from Extremadura
Spanish musical groups
Bulmer is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 568 people living in Bulmer.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
Widdington is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 463 people living in Widdington.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
Uttlesford
Hebden Bridge is a town on the A646 road in West Yorkshire, England.

Towns in West Yorkshire
Bawtry is a town in South Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,204 people living in Bawtry.

References 

Towns in South Yorkshire
Fakenham is a town and civil parish in North Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 7,357 people living in Fakenham, rising to 7,617 in 2011.  Fakenham is a Saxon name, meaning "Homestead of Facca", or "a place on a fair river".

It is on the River Wensum about 25 miles North West of Norwich. Fakenham has been a market town since 1250.  The church in Fakenham was founded in 1593, and rebuilt in 1825.

Attractions
Attractions include horse racing, youth clubs, societies, Fakenham Mega-Fun and bowling.

References 

Civil parishes in Norfolk
North Norfolk
Towns in Norfolk
Sheringham is a town and civil parish in North Norfolk, England. In 2001, 7,143 people lived in Sheringham.

References 

Civil parishes in Norfolk
North Norfolk
Port cities and towns of England
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Towns in Norfolk
Willingale is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. In 2001 there were 483 people living in Willingale.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
Henley-on-Thames is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 10,646 people living in Henley-on-Thames.

References 

Towns in Oxfordshire
Wilby is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Wellingborough , Northamptonshire, England. In 2011 there were 624 people living in Wilby.

References 

Villages in Northamptonshire
Chesham is a town and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. In 2001 there were 20,343 people living in Chesham.

References 

Towns in Buckinghamshire
Thame () is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England, about  southwest of the Buckinghamshire town of Aylesbury. In 2001 there were 11,072 people living in Thame.

References

Further reading

Other websites

Towns in Oxfordshire
Civil parishes in Oxfordshire
Dorking is a town on the A24 road in Surrey, England. It is the setting of the 1871 novel, The Battle of Dorking.

References 

Towns in Surrey
Hailsham is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 19,658 people living in Hailsham.

References 

Civil parishes in East Sussex
Towns in East Sussex
Seaford is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 22,826 people living in Seaford.

References 

Civil parishes in East Sussex
Towns in East Sussex
Newhaven is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 11,171 people living in Newhaven.

References 

Civil parishes in East Sussex
Towns in East Sussex
Jeffrey Keith "Jeff" Skilling (born November 25, 1953 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American former businessman and former president of Enron Corporation. He is best known for being involved in the Enron scandal. Skilling was ultimately convicted of multiple federal felony charges that related to Enron's financial collapse, and he is currently serving a 24-year, four-month prison sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution in Englewood, Colorado. The Supreme Court of the United States heard arguments in the appeal of the case on March 1, 2010. On June 24, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated part of Skilling's conviction and sent the case back to the lower court for further proceedings.

In 2013, the United States Department of Justice said that they had reached a deal with Skilling that resulted in 10 years being cut from his sentence. He can be released sometime in 2019.

References

Other websites
Jeffrey Skilling at Forbes.com
1953 births
Living people
American prisoners
Criminals from Pennsylvania
Harvard University alumni
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
Charles Julius Guiteau ( ; September 8, 1841June 30, 1882) was an American writer and lawyer. He is best known as the person who assassinated US President James A. Garfield  on July 2, 1881. Guiteau shot Garfield after being angry with him about not receiving credit or a reward for Garfield's victory in 1880. Guiteau wrote a speech about Garfield but never made the speech.

Guiteau was born in Freeport, Illinois. He was a preacher, writer and lawyer. He was found guilty in a court of law. He was executed by hanging in Washington, D.C.

References 

1841 births
1882 deaths
lawyers from Illinois
Assassins
Criminals from Illinois
Executed American people
James A. Garfield
People executed by hanging
Writers from Illinois
19th-century American poets
American Protestants
American criminals
American people executed for murder
American terrorists
Assassinations
Kohima (Angami Naga: Kewhira) is the capital city of the Indian state of Nagaland. It has a population of about 100,000. The Battle of Kohima was fought in Kohima and it is often referred to as one of the bloodiest battles of World War II.

Other websites
 
 
 

Nagaland
Cities in India
Capital cities in India
Alton is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. In 2001 there were 1,243 people living in Alton. There is Alton Towers nearby.

References 

Civil parishes in Staffordshire
Villages in Staffordshire
Godalming is a town and civil parish in Surrey, England. In 2011, there were 21,804 people living in Godalming.

Transport

Rail 
Godalming has a railway station, Godalming railway station. The station is on the Portsmouth Direct Line, which goes between Portsmouth and London Waterloo. This line is served by South Western Railway.

Road 
Roads that go through or near Godalming are:

 A3
 A281
 A283
 A286
 A3100
 B2130
 B3000
 B3001

Air 
Godalming is around 31 miles or 50 kilometres away from Gatwick and Heathrow Airport.

References 

Civil parishes in Surrey
Towns in Surrey
Retford is a market town near the A1 road in Nottinghamshire, England.

Towns in Nottinghamshire
Maltby is a town and civil parish in South Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 17,247 people living in Maltby.

References 

Towns in South Yorkshire
North Walsham is a town in North Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 11,998 people living in North Walsham.

References 

North Norfolk
Towns in Norfolk
Dereham is a town and civil parish in Breckland District, Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 15,659 people living in Dereham.

References 

Breckland District
Civil parishes in Norfolk
Towns in Norfolk
Grantham is a town near the A1 road in Lincolnshire, England. Margaret Thatcher was born here, and Isaac Newton went to school here. Grantham is famous for its gingerbread.

Location
The town is a relatively small town but has multiple satellite villages. It has numerous estates, such as Gonerby Hill Foot, Manthorpe, Earlesfield and Alma Park.

Education
There are several schools in the town, such as the Priory Ruskin Academy and the Kings Grammar School, which Isaac Newton attended.

Towns in Lincolnshire
Colsterworth is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. The parish contains the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth. In 2001 there were 1,508 people living in Colsterworth.

References 

Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
Villages in Lincolnshire
Dacre is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1,326 people living in Dacre.

References 

Civil parishes in Cumbria
Villages in Cumbria
Eden
Dacre is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 658 people living in Dacre.

References 

Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Villages in North Yorkshire
Culgaith is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 721 people living in Culgaith.

References 

Eden
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Tebay is a village and civil parish near the M6 motorway in Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 728 people living in Tebay.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Crosby Ravensworth is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 538 people living in Crosby Ravensworth.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden
St Austell is a town on the A390 road, in Cornwall, England. It is near an area of granite moorland where large quantities of china clay are produced. The district is full of disused clay pits and large mounds of waste material. The Eden Project has been built on the site of former china clay workings. St Austell's population is the largest of any town or city in Cornwall.

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Shap is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1,221 people living in Shap.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden
Dufton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 169 people living in Dufton.

References 

Eden
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Broxted is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 526 people living in Broxted.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
Uttlesford
Chickney is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 38 people living in Chickney. Chickney has a church called St Mary's Church, Chickney.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Uttlesford
A rainband is an area of rainfall where all the clouds and precipitation are stretched out in a long line or band. Rainbands can be stratiform or convective. They are caused by differences in temperature.  When seen on a weather radar, the long narrow shape is called a banded structure.  Rainbands in a tropical cyclone are curved and may even spiral around the center of the cyclone. Tropical cyclone rainbands include rain showers and thunderstorms. When this includes an eyewall and the eye, they make a hurricane or tropical storm. The size of rainbands around a tropical cyclone helps to measure the cyclone's intensity.
Rainbands that form near and ahead of cold fronts can be squall lines which can produce tornadoes. The shape of rainbands linked with cold fronts can be changed by mountains. The mountains block the winds which can then form a low-level barrier jet. Bands of thunderstorms can form when sea breeze and land breezes meet, if enough moisture is present. Sometimes sea breeze rainbands which are ahead of a cold front, can hide the location of the cold front itself. Rainbands in an extratropical cyclone can cause large amounts of rain or snow. Behind extratropical cyclones, rainbands can form downwind of large, warmer bodies of water such as the Great Lakes. If the air is cold enough, these rainbands can cause heavy snowfalls.

Extratropical cyclones
Rainbands ahead of warm occluded fronts and warm fronts have little upward motion. They tend to be wide and stratiform in nature.  In an atmosphere with rich low level moisture and vertical wind shear, narrow, convective rainbands form. These are known as squall lines, and are usually in the cyclone's warm sector, ahead of strong cold fronts associated with extratropical cyclones.  Wider rain bands can form behind cold fronts, which usually have more stratiform, and less convective, precipitation. In colder cyclones, small bands of heavy snow can occur with a width of  to .  These bands are linked with areas of frontogensis, or zones of strengthening temperature contrast.  The curved air flow from extratropical cyclones bringing cold air across the relatively warm Great Lakes can lead to narrow lake effect snow bands. These can bring heavy localized snowfalls.

Tropical cyclones
Tropical cyclones

Rainbands exist on the edges of tropical cyclones, and point towards the cyclone's center of low pressure.  Rainbands within tropical cyclones need moisture and a low level pool of cooler air.  Bands located  to  from a cyclone's center move outward.  They can cause heavy rains and squalls of wind, as well as tornadoes. Some rainbands move closer to the center, forming a secondary, or outer, eyewall within intense hurricanes.  Spiral rainbands are such a basic part of a tropical cyclone that in most tropical cyclone basins, use of the satellite-based Dvorak technique is the main method used to determine a tropical cyclone's maximum sustained winds.  Using this method, the area of spiral banding and difference in temperature between the eye and eyewall is used to estimate the maximum sustained wind and a central pressure.
Forced by geography
Convective rainbands can form parallel mountains on their windward side. This is due to lee waves triggered by hills just upstream of the cloud's formation.  Their spacing is normally  to  apart.  When rainbands near frontal zones get close to steep mountains, a low-level barrier jet stream forms parallel to and just before the mountain ridge. This slows down the frontal rainband just before the mountain barrier. If enough moisture is present, sea breeze and land breeze fronts can form convective rainbands. Sea breeze front thunderstorm lines can become strong enough to hide the location of an approaching cold front by evening.  The edge of ocean currents can cause thunderstorm bands due to heat differences where they meet.  Downwind of islands, rainbands can form when low level winds meet downwind of the island edges.  Offshore California, this has been noted in the wake of cold fronts.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

Precipitation
Tropical cyclones
History
Women football was played in Austria actually before the Second World War. In 1936 the first championship was organized by the Österreichische Damenfußball-Union (Austrian Ladies Soccer Union) with 9 teams from the Vienna area. But after the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany it was suppressed. This continued till the end of the 1960s. In 1968 USC Landhaus Wien was one of the first women soccer clubs in Autria. In 1972 the first women championship after the war was  organized by the Vienna Football Union. 1980 the first pure women soccer club (Union Kleinmünchen from Upper Austria) was founded. In 1982 the ÖFB organized the championship for the first time. Actually 334 teams are playing in 5 divisions. Also the number of players increased from 7 000 (2008) to around 17 000. Planet Pure, a cleaning supplies manufacturer from Vorarlberg, is the first official sponsor of the league.

Since 2002 the Austrian Champion plays in the UEFA Women’s Cup.

Current Teams 2022-23 Season
SKN St. Pölten Women
SK Sturm Graz Women
FC Wacker Innsbruck Women
FK Austria Wien Women
First Vienna FC Women
USV Neulengbach 
SPG SCR Altach/FFC Vorderland
SKV Altenmarkt  
SPG Union Kleinmünchen/Blau-Weiß Linz
FC Bergheim

List of champions 
The list of champions:

Champions 
USC Landhaus Wien (1974, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001)
Union Kleinmünchen (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999)
 USV Neulengbach (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010)
SKN St. Pölten Frauen (includes FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern): (2015, 2016, 2017,2018,2019, 2021)
 FS Elektra Wien (1977, 1979, 1980)
 1. DFC Leoben (1976, 1987)
 Favoritner AC Wien (1973)
 KSV Ankerbrot Wien (1975)
 SV Aspern (1984)
 ESV Ostbahn XI Wien (1985)
 Innsbrucker AC (2002)

References

Other websites
ÖFB Official Homepage (German) 
Homepage Union Kleinmünchen with results and tables

Women's football in Austria
The Middle Jurassic is the second geological epoch in the Jurassic. It began 174.1 million years ago, and ended at 163.5 million years ago.

In the Middle Jurassic, Pangaea began to split apart. It began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Tectonic activities closed the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subduction zone on the coast of western North America continues to create the ancestral Rocky Mountains.

Life of the epoch

Marine life 
During this time, marine life (including ammonites and bivalves) flourished. Ichthyosaurs, although common, are reduced in diversity. A type of crocodilians first appeared.

Plesiosaurs became common at this time. The top marine predators, the pliosaurs, grew to the size of killer whales and larger e.g. Pliosaurus, Liopleurodon.

Terrestrial life 
New types of dinosaurs evolved on land. Cetiosaurus was an early sauropod found in England in the mid-19th century.
The environment in which Cetiosaurus lived was floodplain and open woodland. Brachiosaurs and Megalosaurus also lived in this environment.

The cynodont therapsids flourished with the dinosaurs, but they were only shrew-sized. None grew larger than a badger. One group of cynodonts, the Trithelodonts were becoming rare and eventually became extinct at the end of this epoch. The Tritylodonts were still common, though. In this epoch "true" mammals evolved from a group of cynodonts.

Flora
Conifers were dominant in the Middle Jurassic. Other plants, such as ginkgoes, cycads, and ferns were also common. These are the trees which the large herbivores ate.

Related pages 
Jurassic
Lower Jurassic
Upper Jurassic

References

Jurassic
Fossils
This is a list of Austrian women football teams as they play in the 2021/22 season in the first and second division:

Planet Pure Frauen Bundesliga (first division)
 SKN St. Pölten
SK Sturm Graz  
FK Austria Wien  
 First Vienna FC 1894 
 USV Neulengbach
SPG SCR Altach / FFC Vorderland
SKV Altenmarkt
FC  Südburgenland
FC Bergheim 
 FC Wacker Innsbruck

2.Frauenbundesliga (second division)
RW Rankweil
FC Mohren Dornbirn Damen
Wildcats  Krottendorf
SV Horn Damen
SC Neusiedl am See 1919
SPG UNION Kleinmünchen/FC Blau-Weiß Linz
Union LUV Graz
SV  Krenglbach
Carinthians  Hornets
Union   Geretsberg
USC Landhaus
FC Altera Porta
Wiener Sport-Club

Gallery

The 3rd till 5th division is organized by the local football associations of the federal states.

Women's football in Austria
Austrian women football teams
women football
The Club des Hashischins, the Hashish Club, (sometimes also spelled Club des Hashishins or Club des Hachichins), was a Parisian group who explored using drugs, mainly hashish, to get creative ideas. 

It was active from about 1844 to 1849. Some of the most important literary and intellectual people in Paris were members. They including Dr. Jacques-Joseph Moreau, Théophile Gautier, Charles Baudelaire, Victor Hugo, Honoré de Balzac Gérard de Nerval, Eugène Delacroix and Alexandre Dumas, père. Monthly "séances" were held at the Hôtel de Lauzun (at that time: Hôtel Pimodan) on the Île Saint-Louis.

Gautier wrote about the club in an article called the "Le Club des Hachichin" published in the Revue des Deux Mondes in February 1846. While he is often said to have started the club, in the article he says he was attending their séances for the first time that evening.
The group dressed up in Arab clothing. They drank coffee and added hashish, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, pistachio, sugar, orange juice, butter and cantharides. It was a thick, green mixture, like a jam.

Dr. Moreau wrote a book in 1846 about the cannabis and the drug taking experiments of the club. The 439 page book was called Hashish and Mental Illness - Psychological Studies. Baudelaire wrote that while the drug did give people ideas, it quickly affected their personality. They felt they could only create while under the influence of the drug.

References

Other websites
The Hashish Club

Writers from Paris
Cannabis
Frédéric Chopin's Fantaisie-Impromptu in C♯ minor is a solo piano composition. It is one of his best-known pieces. It was composed in 1834. Chopin did not want the work to be published. Even so, it was published by Julian Fontana.

The structure of the piece is in A B A Coda form. Some aspects of this piece are similar to Beethoven's "Moonlight" Sonata. The opening tempo is allegro agitato. It changes to largo for the two bars after the 'A' section. The tempo for most of the 'B' section is moderato cantabile. Finally, after the 'B' section, it changes to presto. The piece on a C-sharp major rolled chord.

References

Other websites 
 Video of a performance of the piece, by Yundi Li
Video of Valentina Igoshina playing the Fantaisie-Impromptu
 Recording of Fantaisie-Impromptu performed by the pianist Alberto Cobo, MP3 format
 Free score by the Mutopia Project
 Free score via icking-music-archive.org

Solo piano pieces
Compositions by Frédéric Chopin
Mount Tabor is a village near Halifax in West Yorkshire, England. Mount Tabor has a church.

References 

Villages in West Yorkshire
"Smile" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne with Max Martin and Shellback. It was produced by Martin and Shellback. "Smile" was released on April 11, 2011  to Australian radio stations. It was the second single from Lavigne's fourth album Goodbye Lullaby.

Background
Lavigne asked her fans in Twitter what the next_title from Goodbye Lullaby should be. She asked them to choose between Push and Smile. Lavigne confirmed that "Smile" was to be the second single from the album. Lavigne herself wanted Push to be released. The singer's record label, RCA, announced that "Smile" will be sent out to Polish radio in April. It would be sent out to USA, Canada, New Zealand, Asia, and the UK around this time. Lavigne posted photos of the set of her music video. This was on April 21, 2011.

Promotion 
Lavigne will perform the song on the German show Schlag den Raab on June 4, 2011.

Track listing
iTunes digital download
"Smile" – 3:29
Digital download and CD single
"Smile" – 3:29
"What the Hell" (Bimbo Jones remix) – 4:10

Personnel
Songwriting – Avril Lavigne, Max Martin, Shellback
Production and recording – Max Martin, Shellback
Engineering – Michael Ilbert
Mixing – Serban Ghenea
Mix engineer – John Hanes
Assistant mix engineer – Tim Roberts
Drums, guitar and bass – Shellback
Keyboards – Max Martin

Source:

Charts

Release history

References

2011 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Cominform was an organisation set up in 1947 to coordinate the European Communist parties. It was actually an organisation which enabled the Communist Party in the USSR to control the other Communist parties in Europe.

1947 establishments
1956 disestablishments
Communist parties
Organizations based in the Soviet Union
Political organizations based in Europe
1940s establishments in the Soviet Union
1947 establishments in Europe
1956 disestablishments in Europe
Disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Douglas da Silva (born 7 March 1984 in Florianópolis, Brazil) is a Brazilian football player who is  playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in Austria as defender.

Career
2005 he went from Brazil to Israel, where he started playing for Hapoel Kfar Saba and soon became one of the best defenders in the league. After four years with this club he went one to an Israelian top club Hapoel Tel Aviv, because his old club was relegated to the second league. With Tel Aviv he became cup winner and champion in 2010. They also played in the UEFA Champions league 2010/11 after eliminating Red Bull Salzburg in the play off round. He played in the Champions league group stage, but in December 2010 he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.In a preliminary match he was injured badly, so he missed the whole second part of the 2010/11 season.

Honours
Israel State Cup (1):
2010

Israeli Premier League (1):
2009–10

Brazilian footballers
1984 births
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
People from Florianópolis
Brazilian Portuguese is a dialect of the Portuguese language. It is different enough from the dialect of Portugal that a speaker of one does not easily understand a speaker of the other. It has 210 million speakers (87% of the Portuguese speakers).

Languages of South America
Brazilian culture
Portuguese language
Romance languages
Establishment of the Ustaše Organization
Croatian politician Stjepan Radić was shot in October 1928 and died a month later. Alexander I, King of Yugoslavia, imposed a royal dictatorship in January 1929 and made all political parties illegal. Ante Pavelić left the country for Vienna. He and Gustav Perčec, a former Austro-Hungarian Lieutenant colonel, established contact with organization of Macedonian political emigres. These two groups agreed to coordinate their political activities for achieving full independence for Macedonia and Croatia. There and then, Pavelić secretly met with the leader of outlawed Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), Ivan Mikhailov, a declared enemy of Yugoslavia, and made agreement with him to cooperate against the Yugoslav state.
Due to these circumstances, the Court for the Preservation of the State in Belgrade sentenced Pavelić and Perčec to death on 17 July 1929. The exiles started organizing support for their cause among the Croatian emigration in Europe, North America, and South America. The Ustaše organization was small in numbers and was organized in military patterns. They fought Yugoslav statehood by means of terror.

Ideology of the Ustaše Organization
The roots of the Ustaše ideology were in the Croatian nationalism of the nineteenth century. The Ustaše ideological system was chiefly based on the traditional pure Croatian nationalism of Ante Starčević. About it, W. Safran wroteBut another vision of Croatian identity that was closely tied to the Catholic Church and the Vatican and was led by an ex-seminarist Ante Starcevic became the ideological precursor to the Ustase. Starcevic and his followers emphasized the high achievements of Western Catholic, Croatian culture, while Serbian culture was depicted as oriental and inferior. Starčević's racism was further fully elaborated by Ustaša Ivo Pilar [under the pseudonym L. von Südland]. His book was translated into Croatian in 1943, by Pavelić's regime, as one of the tenets of his Ustaše and his Independent State of Croatia
. At the same time, the Ustaše borrowed from traditional Croatian nationalism, the National-Socialism of Hitler, the fascism of Mussolini, and even from the program of the Croatian Peasant Party. The Ustaše aimed at an ethnically "pure" Croatia, and saw the Serbs that lived in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina as their biggest obstacle. Along that line, Ustaše ministers Mile Budak, Mirko Puk, and Milovan Žanić declared in May 1941 that the goal of the new Ustaše policy was an ethnically clean Croatia. They also publicly announced the strategy (on July 22, 1941 ) to achieve their goal, which resembled the bloodiest religious wars: "A third must become Catholic, a third must leave the country, and a third must die!"
The Ustaše persecuted the Serbs, who were Orthodox Christians. They were tolerant toward the Muslims Bosniaks, claiming that the Muslims were actually ethnic Croats that converted to Islam during the Ottoman Turk occupation of Bosnia. The state even converted a former museum in Zagreb for use as a mosque. The basic principles of the movement were laid out by Pavelić in his 1929 pamphlet "Principles of the Ustaše Movement."

The Ustaše's problem with the Nazi ideology was that the Croats are Slavs and were considered inferior by Nazi standards. Ustaše ideology thus created a theory about a pseudo-Gothic origin of the Croats in order to raise their standing on the Aryan ladder.
Terrorist Activities
At Janka Puszta training facility in Hungary, IMRO terrorists trained Ustaše operatives in bomb-making and in conspirational activities. The Ustaše put that knowledge to immediate use, carrying out about half-dozen assassinations of Yugoslavian officials or pro-Serb civilians. They carried out a dozen bombings of trains, including the Orient Express, and other public targets during the first four years of their existence. This caused the Yugoslav Government to complain to the League of Nations and forced Hungary to close down Janka Pusta Ustaše training camp. Internal power struggle, and discovery that Perčec's mistress was a Yugoslav police informant, will lead to the Perčec assassination by Pavelić in 1933.
Two attempts were made; the last one was successful. Alexander was murdered at Marseilles on 9 October 1934, along with the French Foreign Minister, Louis Barthou. In the wake of the assassination, Mussolini renounced the Ustaše, and the group went deeply underground. The singular lack of armed protection afforded to the Yugoslav king, and the general laxity of security precautions when it was well known that one attempt had already been made on Alexander's life, are grim tributes to Pavelić organizational abilities. He had apparently been able to bribe a high official in the Surete General. The Prefect of Police of Marseilles, Jouhannaud, was subsequently removed from office.

The assassin was Vlada Georgief Cernozemski, a Bulgarian, who had already killed two members of the Bulgarian Parliament in Sofia. His accomplices were arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. Pavelic was condemned to death by France, but managed to escape.
Yugoslavia brought charges against Hungary and Italy before the League of Nations in November 1934, offering evidence that Italy and Hungary had openly conspired against her sovereignty. The League of Nations did not discuss the Italian conspiracy against the national sovereignty of Yugoslavia. Moreover, Italy refused to extradite Pavelić and Kvaternik to either France or Yugoslavia, and Hungary bore the brunt of the charges.

After the assassination, the Ustaše activities were prevented completely. A great number of Ustaše were caught and arrested in Italy, Germany, and Hungary. Italy interned many Ustashe to the Lipari camp, where many died. Janka Puszta Ustaše camp was raided by Hungarian police, who arrested some of them. Ustaše from Germany escaped to Switzerland, France, and England.
Widespread outrage at the assassination of Alexander and Barthou led to the first international efforts to combat terrorism since the St. Petersburg Protocol of 1904. The issue was taken up by the League of Nations, which passed the convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism in 1937.

After March 1937, when Italy and Yugoslavia signed a friendship treaty, many Ustaše in Italy were extradited to Yugoslavia.

World War II

Invasion of Yugoslavia and Establishment of Independent State of Croatia
Germany and Italy invaded Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941. On April 10, the most senior home-based Ustaša, Slavko Kvaternik, took control of the police in Zagreb and in a radio broadcast that day proclaimed the formation of the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH). Maček issued a statement that day, calling on all Croatians to cooperate with the new authorities.
Meanwhile, Pavelić and several hundred Ustaše left their camps in Italy for Zagreb, where Pavelić set up his government on 17 April. He accorded himself the title of "Poglavnik", - which was equivalent to "Führer," or "Headman" in English. Pavelić's "Independent State of Croatia" comprised territory of Croatia, Srem, and Bosnia-Herzegovina - except parts of the Dalmatian coast and islands, which were ceded to the Italians. De facto control over this territory varied for the majority of the war, as the Partisans grew more successful, while the Germans and Italians increasingly exercised direct control over areas of their interest.

All who opposed and/or threatened the Ustaše were outlawed. In early 1941, Jews and Serbs were ordered to leave certain areas of Zagreb.
Pavelić first met with Adolf Hitler on 6 June 1941. Mile Budak, then a minister in Pavelić's government, publicly proclaimed the violent racial policy of the state on 22 July 1941. Maks Luburić, one of the chiefs of the secret police, started building concentration camps in the summer of the same year. Ustaše activities in villages across the Dinaric Alps led to the Italians and the Germans expressing disquiet. As early as July 10, 1941, Wehrmacht General Edmund Glaise von Horstenau reported the following to the German High Command, the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW):

A Gestapo report to Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler, dated February 17, 1942, stated that:
Italian troops in the field had competing territorial claims with their Ustaše allies and had cooperated from the start with Chetnik units operating in the southern areas that they controlled. Hitler tried to insist that Mussolini should have his forces work with the Ustaše, but senior Italian commanders, such as General Mario Roatta, ignored such orders.

Ethnic persecution
Ethnic persecution

The Ustaše enacted race laws patterned after those of Nazi Germany. These laws were aimed against Jews, Roma, and Serbs, who were collectively declared enemies of the Croatian people. Serbs, Jews, Roma and anti-fascist Croats and Bosniaks, including communists, were interned in concentration camps, the largest of which was the Jasenovac complex, where many were killed by Ustaše militia. The exact number of victims is not known. The number of murdered Jews is fairly reliable: around 32,000 Jews were killed during World War II on NDH territory. Gypsies (Yugoslav Roma) numbered around 40,000 fewer after the war. Of the number of Serbs who died, estimates tend to vary between 300,000 and 700,000.
The history textbooks in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia cited 700,000 as the total number of victims at Jasenovac. According to the Simon Wiesenthal Center (citing the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust), "Ustasa terrorists killed 500,000 Serbs, expelled 250,000 and forced 250,000 to convert to Catholicism. They murdered thousands of Jews and Gypsies."

The Jasenovac Memorial Area, currently headed by Slavko Goldstein, keeps a list of 59,188 names of Jasenovac victims that was gathered by government officials in Belgrade in 1964. The previous head of the Memorial Area, Simo Brdar, estimated at least 365,000 dead at Jasenovac.
The Muslim Bosniaks community from Zenica published a declaration stressing the special position of Muslim Roma, and with help of Muslim religious authorities in Sarajevo, the declaration influenced the Ustaše authorities to make a special provision in May 1942 to spare Muslim Roma residing in Bosnia and Herzegovina from deportation to the concentration camps.
The Belgrade Museum of the Holocaust compiled a list of over 77,000 names of Jasenovac victims. It was previously headed by Milan Bulajić, who supported the claim of a total of 700,000 victims. The current administration of the Museum has further expanded the list to include a bit over 80,000 names. During the 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann, Alexander Arnon (secretary of the Jewish Community in Zagreb) testified about the treatment of Jews in Yugoslavia during the war.
Alexander Arnon's testimony included estimates of six hundred of thousand killed in the Jasenovac concentration camp.
During World War II, various German military commanders gave different figures for the number of Serbs, Jews and others killed on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia. They circulated figures of 400,000 Serbs (Alexander Lehr); 350,000 Serbs (Lothar Rendulic); between 300,000 (Edmund Glaise von Horstenau); more than "3/4 of a million Serbs" (Hermann Neubacher) in 1943; 600-700,000 until March 1944 (Ernst Fick); 700,000 (Massenbach).

Concentration camps
The first group of camps was formed in the spring of 1941. These included:
 Danica, near Koprivnica
 Pag
 Jadovno, near Gospić
 Kruščica, near Vitez and Travnik in Bosnia
 Đakovo
 Loborgrad, in Zagorje
 Tenja, near Osijek