Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Harold Rubin (13 May 1932 – 1 April 2020) was a South African-born Israeli visual artist and free jazz clarinettist. He was born in Johannesburg. He became a founding member of the 1980s Zaviot jazz quartet, which recorded albums with the label Jazzis Records and performed at festivals and clubs in Israel and Europe until its break-up in 1989.

Rubin died on 1 April 2020, aged 87.

References

1932 births 
2020 deaths
White South African people
Israeli musicians
Jazz musicians
South African activists
Major characters 
 John Avery Whittaker, voiced by Hal Smith (1987 - 1994) and Paul Herlinger (1996 - present): the main character, mostly known as just "Whit."
 Connie Kendall, voiced by Katie Leigh (1987 - present): the longest-working "Whit's End" employee.
 Eugene Meltsner, voiced by Will Ryan (1988 - 2000, 2005 - present).
 Katrina (Shanks) Meltsner, the wife of Eugene Meltsner, voiced by Pamela Hayden (1994 - 1998) and Audrey Wasilewski (2005 - present).
 Bernard Walton, voiced by Dave Madden (1990 - present): the town's window-washer.
 Jason Whittaker, voiced by Townsend Coleman (1994 - present): Whit's son and former NSA agent. He ran Whit's End when Whit was in the Middle East.
 Chris, voiced by Chris Anthony (1987 - present), the show's announcer.
Jack Allen, voiced by Alan Young (1994 – 2004, 2008 - present): childhood friend of Whit, former manager of "Whit's End" when Whit was in the Middle East, and now is the owner of the J & J Antique Gallery with his wife Joanne. He is not thought to be inactive, but simply has not been in any shows for a while.
 Bart Rathbone, voiced by Walker Edmiston (1987 - 2007), unknown  voice (2008 - present): the schemish manager of the Electric Palace.
 Rodney Rathbone, voiced by Steve Burns (1990 – 2006): Bart's son, local bully, and head of the "Bones of Rath."
 Tom Riley, voiced by Walker Edmiston (1987 - 2008 when he died): a local farmer and good friend of Whit.
References

Sources 
AIOHQ.com Character Histories

Characters
Lists of fictional characters
The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) world number one ranking is a 52-week system based on the total points won by a female professional tennis player, during a WTA season. The WTA started ranking players on 3 November 1975, and 21 women have achieved the number one status in singles and 32 players in doubles.

Please needs updates. We are in 2019

Key

Singles Number 1
Year-end number 1
1975:  Chris Evert (1)
1976:  Chris Evert (2)
1977:  Chris Evert (3)
1978:  Martina Navrátilová (1)
1979:  Martina Navratilova (2)
1980:  Chris Evert (4)
1981:  Chris Evert (5)
1982:  Martina Navratilova (3)
1983:  Martina Navratilova (4)
1984:  Martina Navratilova (5)
1985:  Martina Navratilova (6)
1986:  Martina Navratilova (7)
1987:  Steffi Graf (1)
1988:  Steffi Graf (2)
1989:  Steffi Graf (3)
1990:  Steffi Graf (4)
1991:  Monica Seles (1)
1992:  Monica Seles (2)
1993:  Steffi Graf (5)
1994:  Steffi Graf (6)
1995:  Steffi Graf (7) /  Monica Seles (4)
1996:  Steffi Graf (8)
1997:  Martina Hingis (1)
1998:  Lindsay Davenport (1)
1999:  Martina Hingis (2)
2000:  Martina Hingis (3)
2001:  Lindsay Davenport (2)
2002:  Serena Williams (1)
2003:  Justine Henin (1)
2004:  Lindsay Davenport (4)
2005:  Lindsay Davenport (5)
2006:  Justine Henin (2)
2007:  Justine Henin (3)
2008:  Jelena Janković
2009:  Serena Williams (2)
2010:  Caroline Wozniacki (1)
2011:  Caroline Wozniacki (2)
2012:  Victoria Azarenka
2013:  Serena Williams (3)
2014:  Serena Williams (4)
Sources
Overall

Exact

Other websites

 The official Women's Tennis Association website
 The official WTA Tour Facebook page

Tennis
Lists of sportspeople
WTA Tour
Barbour County, Alabama is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of James Barbour, who was Governor of Virginia.  As of 2020 the population was 25,223.  Its county seat is Clayton.

History 
Barbour County was created on December 18, 1832 from former Creek Indian territory and a portion of Pike County. Its borders were altered in 1866 and 1868. The Election Riot of 1874 occurred near Comer.

Major Highways 
  U.S. Highway 82
  U.S. Highway 431
  State Route 10
  State Route 30
  State Route 51

Adjacent counties 
 Russell County, Alabama - northeast
 Quitman County, Georgia - east
 Stewart County, Georgia - east
 Clay County, Georgia - southeast
 Henry County, Alabama - south
 Dale County, Alabama - south
 Pike County, Alabama - west
 Bullock County, Alabama - northwest

National protected area 
 Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge

Cities and towns 
 Bakerhill
 Blue Springs
 Clayton
 Clio
 Eufaula
 Elamville
 Louisville

References 

Alabama counties
1832 establishments in Alabama
Monpazier is a city in France. It is in the Dordogne departement, in Aquitaine. In 1999, 516 people lived there. It has been named one of the most beautiful villages in France by the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France. It was built as a bastide. For some time, Eleanor of Aquitaine and Richard III lived there. 

The city was founded by Edward I of England in 1284. It is of rectangular design, built around a main square. 

The city is about half-way between Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda. Each city is about 45 km away. The River Dropt runs through the city.

Bastides
Communes in Dordogne
Sarlat-la-Canéda (), or simply Sarlat, is a town and commune in southwestern France, in the region of Aquitaine. It is a subprefecture of the Dordogne department.

History
The city developed around a Carolingian Benedictine abbey in the 13th century. The abbey already existed in the 9th century. it was part of the six great abbeys of the old province of Périgord. The others were Paunat, Belvès, Saint Front de Périgueux, Brantôme and Terrasson. The Carolingian abbey was the only one to be spared by the Vikings because it does not lie on the Dordogne river or its tributaries. In 1317, Sarlat became the seat of a bishop.

The city was badly damaged in the Hundred Years' War. After several conflicts it was rebuilt in Renaissance style between 1450 and 1500. In the middle of the 17th century, the city lost political influence and became poorer.

On 1 March 1965, the communes of Sarlat and of La Canéda were combined in one commune with the name of Sarlat-la-Canéda.

Sports
Sports clubs:

 Rugby Union: Sarlat Rugby.
Geography
The commune of Sarlat-la-Canéda has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Sarlat-la-Canéda is surrounded by the communes Tamniès, Marquay. Marcillac-Saint-Quentin, Proissans, Sainte-Nathalène, Saint-Vincent-le-Paluel, Carsac-Aillac, Vitrac, Vézac and Saint-André-d'Allas.

Climate 
Sarlat-la-Canéda has an oceanic climate with template summers (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).

Population 
The inhabitants of Sarlat-la-Canéda are known, in French, as Sarladais (women: Sarladaises).

With a population of 9,127 (2014), Sarlat-la-Canéda has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Sarlat-la-Canéda

Sarlat-la-Canéda forms the urban area of Sarlat-la-Canéda with a population of 9,259 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Sarlat-la-Canéda, formed by 17 communes with a population of 19,520 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Administration
Sarlat-la-Canéda is a subprefecture of the Dordogne and the capital of the arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda.

The commune is the administrative centre () of the canton of Sarlat-la-Canéda''', formed with 13 communes.

It is part of the intercommunality Sarlat-Périgord Noir'' ().

= Important people from the city 
Étienne de La Boétie (1530-1563), lawyer and writer
Henry Sanfourche (1775-1841), colonel of the French Empire.
Gautier de Costes de La Calprenède (about 1610-1663), writer
Pierre Lachambeaudie (1807-1872), poet
Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904), social scientist

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda
 Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Sarlat-la-Canéda - Official site 
 Tourist office website
 Departamental Council of Dordogne 
 Prefecture official website 
 Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Dordogne
Hurricane Erika was a Atlantic hurricane that hit extreme northeastern Mexico near the Texas-Tamaulipas border. It happened on August 16, during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Erika was the eighth tropical cyclone, fifth tropical storm, and third hurricane of the season that year. The storm was created from a non-tropical area of low pressure that was tracked for five days before developing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on August 14. Under the influence of a high pressure system, Erika moved quickly westward and became stronger under favorable conditions.

Storm history
Storm history

A weak surface area of low pressure came apart from a frontal system on August 8. It was moving southwestward during that time. On August 9, it created convection  when it was passing underneath a cold-core upper-level low.  As the system rapidly continued westward, a lot of the convection stayed near the center of the upper-level low, preventing development of a closed surface circulation. On August 13, while located near the northwestern Bahamas, an increase in convection made the upper-level low building downwards to the middle levels of the troposphere, which caused the development of an upper level anticyclone.
On August 14, a closed low-level circulation nearly developed to the east of Key Largo, Florida, but because of the deep convection remaining to the north over the mid-level center, it was weakened. The mid-level storm continued going westward and it moved across Florida. After crossing Florida, Hurricane Hunters showed a poor circulation, but with winds higher than tropical storm strength, and the system was designated as Tropical Storm Erika late on August 14 while located 85 miles (135 km) west of Fort Myers.
With well-established outflow and low levels of wind shear, Erika became stronger as the circulation became better defined. A high pressure system covered over the south-central United States, forcing the storm to move just south of due west at 25 mph (40 km/h). On August 15, convection were made into bands, and as its winds were turning into hurricane strength, an eye developed within the storm. The storm quickly weakened over the Sierra Madre Oriental, and Erika was calming down early on August 17. After entering the Gulf of California on August 18, It led to the formation of a tropical disturbance. It went to the northwest and weakened on August 20.

References

Other websites 
Erika's Tropical Cyclone Report

2003 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricanes in Mexico
Hurricanes in the United States
Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
2003 in Texas
2003 in Florida
2000s in Mexico
Bergerac () is a commune and a subprefecture of the Dordogne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France.

It is the second biggest city of the department, after Périgueux.

Despite the similarities in their names, there is no connection to Cyrano de Bergerac, a French writer from Paris.

Geography
Bergerac is in the south of the Dordogne department, in the region named as Périgord Pourpre; the Dordogne river flows through the city.

The city is at about  from Périgueux,  from Agen,  from Bordeaux and  from Cahors.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Bergerac is surrounded by the communes Ginestet, Maurens, Lembras, Creysse, Cours-de-Pile, Saint-Nexans, Colombier, Monbazillac, Saint-Laurent-des-Vignes and Prigonrieux.

Climate
The climate of Bergerac is a Mediterranean climate (Marine West Coast Climate), Cfb in the Köppen climate classification, with mild winters and warm summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Bergerac are known, in French, as Bergeracois (women: Bergeracoises).

With a population of 27,764 (2014), Bergerac has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Bergerac

Bergerac forms with 22 other communes, including four communes that are part of the Gironde department, the urban area of Bergerac with a population of 64,968 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Bergerac, formed by 67 communes with a population of 81,574 inhabitants and an area of .

Administration
Bergerac is a subprefecture of the Dordogne department since 1790, and the capital of the arrondissement of Bergerac.

The commune is the administrative centre () of two cantons:
 Bergerac-1, formed with a part of Bergerac; and
 Bergerac-2, formed with the remaining part of Bergerac and 9 other communes.

It is part of the intercommunality Bergeracoise ().
Twin towns 
Bergerac is twinned with:
  Faenza, Province of Ravenna, Italy
  Repentigny, Quebec, Canada

Economy
Bergerac is known for its wines and its tobacco. It has 12 recognized wine kinds that are Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC).

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Bergerac
 Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Bergerac - Official site 
 Office de Tourisme Bergerac 
 Departamental Council of Dordogne 
 Prefecture official website 
 Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Dordogne
Wine regions of France
The other kind of chestnut is commonly called horse chestnut. It is not related to this tree.

The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), sometimes called European chestnut, Spanish chestnut or Portuguese chestnut is a kind of tree. 

Originally these trees were native to the Mediterranean parts of Europe and Asia Minor. These trees can grow to sizes between 20 and 35m high. The trees are deciduous, they do not have leaves in winter.

The trees are usually grown for their edible fruit.

Fagales
Trees
James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 – October 30, 1912) was the 27th vice president of the United States. He was in office from March 4, 1909 to October 30, 1912. Sherman was a member of the Republican Party, and served with President William Howard Taft. Before he became vice president, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York, serving from 1887 to 1891 and 1893 to 1909.

Sherman is the seventh, and the most recent, vice president to have died in office.

Other websites 
 Biography of James S. Sherman

1855 births
1912 deaths
Deaths from Bright's disease
Politicians from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
20th-century American politicians
Rainer Küchl is an Austrian musician.  He plays the violin and is a music professor.

He started to play the violin at the age of 11. At the age of 14, he studied music at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna.

He became the concertmaster of the Vienna Philharmonic at the age of 20. In 1973 he founded the Küchl Quartett which is known as the Wiener Musikverein Quartett.

Other websites 
 Rainer Küchl Official Website
 Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
 Vienna Musikverein
 Küchl Biography  

1950 births
Living people

Austrian violinists
Concertmasters
Wilson Allen Wallis (November 5, 1912 – October 12, 1998) was an American economist and statistician best known for serving as president of the University of Rochester.  He studied at the University of Minnesota and finished his studies in 1932. He was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity.

From 1959 to 1989, he was the economic adviser to the U.S. presidents Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan.

References

Other websites 
 

1912 births
1998 deaths
American economists
Scientists from Philadelphia
American statisticians
March of the Penguins is a documentary about Emperor penguins. It won an Academy Award and was directed by Luc Jacquet. It was made in France.

Related pages
Penguin Town

Other websites
 
 
 

2000s documentary movies
2005 movies
French movies
Academy Award winning movies
Movies about penguins
2000s English-language movies
French-language movies
Multilingual movies
Buena Vista International movies
Sindhi could mean:

Anything related to Sindh, a province of Pakistan
Sindhi people, an ethnic group from the province
Sindhi language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Sindhi people
Sindhi literature
Sindhi culture, the culture of the Sindhi people
Sindhi food
Sindhi music, regional music of Sindh
Mangrio (Sindhi مݣڕیو, ) is A Sindhi Muslim Rajput tribe found in the Sindh, Punjab region of Pakistan and Rajasthan, Gujrat  in India. Mangrio are Suryavanshi Rajputs. They are the Royal family of Jaisalmer, India.

Geographic distribution 
In Sindh they are found mainly in Shikarpur, Hyderabad, Tharparkar, Sanghar, Umerkot, Mirpur Khas, Sukkur, Larkana, Raipur, Kandiaro , Karachi , Madeji and Khairpur districts. In Punjab they are mainly found in Rahimyar, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Muzaffar Garh. 

Mangrio people also live in Balochistan. In India they are found mainly in the Jaisalmer, Barmer, and Bikaner districts.

Notable Mangrio
Hazrat Abdul Raheem Girhori, a Mangrio man, was a great scholar and Walee of his time.  His tomb is located near the area of Mirpur Khas.

Pakistani tribes
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnic groups in India
Ethnic groups in Sindh
Enlightenment (also known simply as E), is a free software/open source window manager for the X Window System. It can be used alone or together with a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE. Enlightenment is sometimes used as a replacement for a full desktop environment.

History 
The first version of Enlightenment was released by Raster (Carsten Haitzler) on 1996-10-30.

Enlightenment has been under development for 10 years. Its latest stable release is E17. It always comes with a warning that it is in permanent "heavy development" and remains "not stable".
Related pages 
 Eterm - the Enlightened Terminal
 Enlightenment Foundation Libraries
 Elive - an installable LiveCD of Debian GNU/Linux built to showcase Enlightenment (Includes both DR16 & DR17.)
 gOS - an Ubuntu-based distribution available on an installable live CD, working on low-end systems and employing a Mac OS X like look.
 OpenGEU - an Ubuntu-based distribution with E17 supplemented with elements from GNOME and Xfce
 Maryan Linux - an Ubuntu based distribution. Available on an installable live CD, working on low-end systems.
 OzOS - an Ubuntu-based distribution with e17 compiled and maintained directly from CVS source via morlenxus easy_e17.sh script.
 Exalt The Network manager for E17.

References

Other websites 

 Official website
 Enlightenment SourceForge.net Project Page
 UEOSC (United Enlightenment Operating Systems Council)

Free software
There are no significant Buddhist communities left in Pakistan.

A few Buddhists may still exist in Pakistani Kashmir  and a significant community exists in Jammu and Kashmir to the east of the Line of Control. Mostly Ladakhi and ethnically related to Tibetans (plus a few Indo-Aryan Dards), a rough dividing line between Islamic culture and Buddhist culture can be drawn through Mulbekh and Shergol in the Indus valley (to the east of Kargil) and well to the west of Leh, the Nun Kun massif and Rangdum Buddhist monastery at the head of the Suru river valley (a tributary of the Indus) on the Indian Kashmiri side of the line of control.

Historical significance
The region that is today known as Pakistan once had a large Buddhist population, with the majority of people in Gandhara (present day North Western Pakistan and Eastern Afghanistan) being Buddhist. Gandhara was largely Mahayana Buddhist, and was also a stronghold of Vajrayana Buddhism. The Swat Valley, known in antiquity as Uddiyana, was a kingdom tributary to Gandhara. There are many archaeological sites from the Buddhist era in Swat.

The Buddhist sage Padmasambhava is said to have been born in a village near the present day town of Chakdara in Lower Dir District, which was then a part of Uddiyana. Padmasambhava is known as Guru Rinpoche in Tibetan and it is he who introduced Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet.

Buddhism was also practiced in the Punjab and Sindh regions.
Most Buddhists in Punjab converted to Hinduism from 600 AD onwards. Buddhism was the faith practiced by the majority of the population of Sindh up to the Arab conquest by the Umayyad Caliphate in 710 AD. After the partition of Pakistan and India, the Buddhists fled to India, similar to other faiths like Hindus, Sikhs, and Christians in the Pakistan region.

Other websites 
 Archaeological sites in Gandhara region

Related pages

References

Religion in Pakistan
Buddhism
This is a list of colleges and universities in Utah:

Public
 College of Eastern Utah
 Salt Lake Community College
 Snow College
 Southern Utah University
 University of Utah
 Utah College of Applied Technology
 Utah State University
 Utah Tech University
 Utah Valley University
Weber State University

Private
Brigham Young University
Eagle Gate College
LDS Business College
Provo College
Stevens-Henager College
Utah Career College
Westminster College
Webster University Utah

References

 
Lists of colleges and universities
The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments.  The tournaments are held each year in Las Vegas, Since 2004, the tournaments have been sponsored by Caesars Entertainment. The WSOP started in  1970. Benny Binion invited seven of the best-known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament/ The winner was chosen by a secret ballot of the seven players.
As of 2020, there are 101 events in the WSOP. Most major poker variants are included. recently, most of the events have been variants of Texas hold 'em. Events take place during one day or over several days during June and July. Starting in 2008, the Main Event final table was not played until November. The 2012 and 2016 Main Event final tables were played in October because of the United States presidential election. As of May 2017, the World Series of Poker has gone back to the Main Event winner in being played in July. A hybrid online format was used in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Series of Poker changed back to -person play when it started back on September 30, 2021, in Las Vegas, Nevada.

References

Other websites 
Official site

Poker
Public
Bellevue College
Bellingham Technical College
Big Bend Community College
Cascadia Community College
Centralia Community College
Central Washington University
Clark College
Clover Park Technical College
Columbia Basin College
Community Colleges of Spokane
Institute for Extended Learning
Spokane Community College
Spokane Falls Community College
Eastern Washington University
Edmonds Community College
Everett Community College
The Evergreen State College
Green River Community College
Highline Community College
Des Moines
Federal Way
Lake Washington Technical College
Lower Columbia College
Olympic College
Peninsula College
Pierce College
Lakewood
Puyallup
Seattle Community College District
North Seattle
Seattle Central
Seattle Vocational Institute
South Seattle
Shoreline Community College
Tacoma Community College
University of Washington
Bothell
Tacoma
Walla Walla Community College
Washington State University
Tri-Cities
Vancouver
Western Washington University
Whatcom Community College
Private
Art Institute of Seattle
Bastyr University
City University of Seattle
Cornish College of the Arts
DigiPen Institute of Technology
Faith Evangelical Lutheran Seminary
Gonzaga University
Heritage University
Northwest University
Pacific Lutheran University
St. Martin's University
Seattle Pacific University
Seattle University
Matteo Ricci College
School of Visual Concepts
Trinity Lutheran College
University of Puget Sound
Walla Walla University
Whitman College
Whitworth University

References

 
Lists of colleges and universities
The Big 12 Conference is a college athletic conference that is part of the NCAA's Division I. It started when the Big 8 Conference joined together with four colleges from Texas that had been part of the Southwest Conference, and the first games in the Big 12 Conference were played in 1996.

Members

Future members 
Four schools will join the Big 12 in 2024. One of these is Colorado, a founding Big 12 member that left for the Pac-12 Conference in 2011.

Associate members 
The Big 12 also has 13 "associate members", all of which play one sport in the conference.

Former members 
Four schools have left the Big 12 since it was formed. Missouri would return to the Big 12 in 2021 as a wrestling-only member, and Colorado will return in 2024 as a full member.

References

 
1996 establishments in the United States
OpenDocument Format (ODF) is a computer file format for word processors, presentation software and other computer programs. For example, OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice are programs that use ODF to save text, slideshows and spreadsheets. The format was created by Sun Microsystems for their StarOffice office suite.

The content of an ODF file are XML files that are inside a ZIP. By using ZIP compression, the files are much smaller.

The most common filename extensions used for OpenDocument documents are:
 .odt and .fodt for word processing (text) documents
 .ods and .fods for spreadsheets
 .odp and .fodp for presentations
 .odg and .fodg for graphics
 .odf for formula, mathematical equations

References

Computer file formats
OpenOffice.org
LibreOffice
The Pac-12 Conference is a group of universities who play each other in football, basketball, and other sports.  It has won more national championships than any other conference.   

In 2024, the conference will have just 2 members   

This is a list of colleges and universities who play sports in the Pac-12 Conference:
University of Arizona leaving
Arizona State University leaving
University of California, Berkeley ("California") leaving
University of Colorado at Boulder ("Colorado") leaving
University of Oregon leaving
Oregon State University 
Stanford University leaving
University of California, Los Angeles ("UCLA") leaving
University of Southern California ("USC") leaving
University of Utah leaving
University of Washington leaving
Washington State University

References
Although the current Big East was not founded until 2013, it claims the 1979 founding date of the original Big East. Both the current Big East and The American claim the pre-split history of the old Big East.

Members 
The 10 schools that formed the current Big East are private schools. All of these are also Catholic except for Butler, which was started by Protestants but has never been run by any church. UConn (Connecticut) became the Big East's first public school in July 2020.

Associate members
The Big East has six "associate members" that play either one or two sports in the conference.

Former members 
No full member of the Big East has left for another conference. However, eight associate members have left the Big East in one or more sports, with five entirely leaving the Big East.
Two schools that were associate members in the 2013–14 school year left to join conferences that play the sports that they housed in the Big East. Five women's lacrosse members left after the 2017–18 school year when the American Athletic Conference, full-time home to three of those schools, started a women's lacrosse league. Two of these schools, Temple and UConn, stayed in the Big East in field hockey, and UConn returned to the Big East full-time in July 2020. At the same time, Old Dominion moved its women's lacrosse team from the Big East to The American. This kept both conferences at six women's lacrosse members, the number needed to ensure that their conference champions would receive places in the NCAA Division I tournament. ODU is still a Big East member in field hockey.

References
Boston College is a private university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. It is also known for its sports teams.

References

Atlantic Coast Conference
Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities
Colleges and universities in Massachusetts
Hockey East
1859 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Massachusetts
Clemson University  is a public university in Clemson, South Carolina. Clemson's athletics teams are called the Tigers.

References

Atlantic Coast Conference
Colleges and universities in South Carolina
1889 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in South Carolina
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (or Virginia Tech) is a public land-grant university in Blacksburg, Virginia. The campus was first opened in 1872 as a farming and mechanical college and covers 2,600 acres. It is also one of only a few public universities in the United States to have a corps of cadets.

The Virginia Tech massacre, which happened on the 16th of April 2007, was a tragedy in the history of the University. A student of the university named Cho Seung-Hui killed 32 people before killing himself. This became the worst school-related massacre in United States history.

References

Atlantic Coast Conference
Colleges and universities in Virginia
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
1872 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Virginia
The University of Virginia  is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. 

The buildings designed by Jefferson are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History
It was founded by Thomas Jefferson. It was conceived by 1800 and established in 1819.

Related pages 
Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, part of the University of Virgina
List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

References

Other websites

 University of Virginia website

Association of American Universities
Atlantic Coast Conference
University of Virginia
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
World Heritage Sites in the United States
1819 establishments in the United States
1810s establishments in Virginia
North Carolina State University is a public university in Raleigh, North Carolina. It has about 31,000 students.
Many students who go to college here want to learn about math, science, technology, and agriculture, but they can also study other things, too.

History
The university was started in 1887. It was called the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.

Sports
Sports teams from North Carolina State University are called the Wolfpack. This is because, in 1921, somebody was angry at the university's football team. He thought that they acted like wolves.
They play mostly against other colleges in the Atlantic Coast Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

Famous people who went to North Carolina State
John Edwards, who was a United States Senator from North Carolina and ran for Vice President in 2004
Philip Rivers, quarterback for the San Diego Chargers

References

Other websites
Other websites

Atlantic Coast Conference
Colleges and universities in North Carolina
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Raleigh, North Carolina
1887 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in North Carolina
This is the university in Florida. For the university in Ohio, see Miami University.

The University of Miami is a private university in Coral Gables, Florida. Some people call the university "Miami of Florida," or "UM."

References

Other websites
University of Miami

Atlantic Coast Conference
Colleges and universities in Florida
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
1925 establishments in Florida
Nagios () is a popular open source computer system and network monitoring application software. It watches hosts and services which the owner specifies, alerting the owner when things go bad and again when they get better.

Nagios, originally created under the name NetSaint , was written and is currently maintained by Ethan Galstad, along with a group of developers actively maintaining both official and unofficial plugins.

Nagios was originally designed to run under Linux, but also runs well on other Unix variants.

Nagios is free software licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.

References

Other websites 
Official website
Nagios support forums
Nagios Company website

Network management
The modern Egyptian language (Marī مصري) is a group of dialects of the Arabic language, one of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. 

It came from the people living in the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt around the capital Cairo. It originates from the spoken Arabic brought to Egypt during the AD 7th-century The Arab occupation of the Middle East and North Africa.

Egyptian Arabic was formed also of Copto-Egyptian language of pre-Islamic Egypt, and other languages such as Italian and French. Egyptian Arabic is officially recognized as the national language of the Egyptian government. More than 76 million people in Egypt speak Egyptian Arabic. Also, many people in the Middle East can understand it.

References 

Semitic languages
Together with other made-up languages like Brithenig (which does the same thing with Welsh), Wenedyk is part of the group of so-called "alternative languages", languages that could have existed if history had been different. With Brithenig, it is the best known example of this sort of languages. Wenedyk became known in Poland after it was written about on the Internet and in the monthly paper Wiedza i Życie ("Knowledge and Life").

Wenedyk is used in Ill Bethisad, a made-up world in which the Roman Empire was stronger than in real history. It is the most important language of the Republic of the Two Crowns, a country similar to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but not broken up by partitions like Poland was.

Spelling and pronunciation 

Wenedyk uses the same letters as Polish does:

A Ą B C Ć D E Ę F G H I J K L Ł M N Ń O Ó P R S Ś T U W Y Z Ź Ż

Also, there are seven sounds written by two letters:

Ch Cz Dz Dź Dż Rz Sz
Wenedyk is pronounced just like Polish. Stress almost always falls on the second-last syllable. A preposition and a pronoun are treated as one word, so when the pronoun has only one syllable, the preposition is stressed.

Grammar 

Wenedyk does not have articles, words like "a" and "the". This is an important difference with the other Romance languages and also with made-up languages like Esperanto and Ido. The reason is that Polish and most other Slavic languages do not have those words, and even in Vulgar Latin they were not so strong yet.
Words in Wenedyk can have many forms. English words have only a few (cat, cat's, cats; work, working, works, worked), but in Wenedyk a lot of forms exist where English would have used other words, like prepositions or modal verbs. In the case of nouns, pronouns and adjectives these forms are called "cases". Wenedyk has three cases:
 the direct case: used for both the subject and the direct object of a sentence. In the sentence: Miej poterz leże libier "My father reads a book", Miej poterz "my father" and libier "a book" are both in the direct case.
 the genitive: used when English uses 's or of, for example: siedź potrze "my father's chair", rzejna Anglie "the queen of England".
 the dative: used when English uses (or can use) to, for example: Da mi ił libier "Give me that book", Da mi łu "Give it to me".
Wenedyk also has a vocative (used for calling someone). Often it has the same form as the direct case, but not always: O potrze! "Oh father!"
There are three genders and four declensions (different ways of making forms). They are very much like the declensions in Latin:
 the first declension are all words on -a, almost all of them are feminine;
 the second declension are mostly masculine and neuter words ending with a consonant. It is a mixture of the second and fourth declension in Latin;
 the third declension are mostly feminine words ending with a soft consonant;
 the fourth declension are words on -ej, it matches the Latin fifth declension.

Here is a chart of the pronouns (words like I, you, we, they, and so on) in Wenedyk:

Verbs have a lot of forms, too. Every pronoun has its own form:
jemu – I love
jemasz – you love
jema – he/she loves
jemamy – we love
jemacie – you love
jemą – they love
Most tenses have special forms:
jemar – to love
jemu – I love, I am loving
jemawa – I loved
jemie – I have loved
joru jemar – I will love, I will be loving
jemaru – I will have loved
jemarsi – I would love, I would have loved
jem – love!
jemęć – loving
jematy – beloved

Word list 

The word list of Wenedyk, made public on the internet, has more than 4000 words. This chart of 30 words shows what Wenedyk looks like when compared to other Romance languages:

Sample 

The Lord's Prayer:
Potrze nostry, kwały jesz en czałór, sąciewkaty si twej numię.
Owień twej rzeń.
Foca si twa włątać, komód en czału szyk i sur cierze.
Da nów odzej nostry pań kocidzany.
I dziemieć nów nostrze dziewta, komód i nu dziemiećmy swór dziewtorzór.
I nie endycz nosz en ciętaceń, uta liwra nosz dzie mału.
Nąk twie są rzeń i pociestać i głurza, o siąprz. Amen.
References 
Dorota Gut: Now@ Mow@ ("New Language"), Wiedza i Życie, February 2004.
Tilman Berger: Vom Erfinden Slavischer Sprachen .
Ziemowit Szczerek: Świat, gdzie Polska nie jest Polską , Interia.pl, 26 September 2008.

Other websites 
Wenedyk
The Republic of the Two Crowns
Romance glossary (a list of common words in all Romance languages, also Wenedyk and Brithenig)

Constructed languages
Brithenig is constructed language that was made up by Andrew Smith from New Zealand in 1996. The idea behind it is the question what the Welsh language would have looked like if it had been a Romance instead of a Celtic language: a sister language to French, Spanish and Italian, but one that looks much like Welsh. It plays a key-role in the made-up world of Ill Bethisad, where Latin took the place of Old Celtic as the spoken language of the people in Great Britain, thus giving way to the development of Brithenig.

Brithenig is the best known example of the so-called group of "alternative languages", languages that could have existed if history had been different. Another well-known example is Wenedyk, which does the same with Polish as Brithenig does with Welsh.

Words 
The following list of 30 words shows what Brithenig looks like compared to a few other Romance languages:

Sample 
The Lord's Prayer:

References 
 Higley, Sarah L., M/C Journal  Vol 3 Issue 1.
Other websites 
 The page of Brithenig 
 The cultures of Ill Bethisad
 Romance glossary (a list of common words in all Romance languages, also Brithenig and Wenedyk)

Constructed languages
EastLink is a tollway (meaning people have to pay to drive on it) in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was opened on June 28, 2008. It links the Frankston Freeway to the Eastern Freeway, and includes two tunnels, the Mullum Mullum tunnel and the Melba tunnel.

The interchange with the Monash Freeway, the largest in Victoria, is known as the Tom Wills interchange. This was announced on February 27, 2008. This particular interchange was chosen because it was within a short distance from Waverely Park, and the home of the Hawthorn Football Club.

Tolls are paid by either a bill sent in the mail, buying a pass from a shop or creating an account and using an electronic Breeze tag or another tollways type of electronic tag in the car to keep track of tolls. The cost of the tolls is charged against the owner's account.

Exits and intersections

References

Roads
Transport for London (TfL) is an organisation that runs the public transport network in London. It is held with direct responsibility to the mayor of London.

Numbering of bus routes

Historic numbering
Historically, bus routes were grouped by the type of service that they provided.

The 1924 London Traffic Act used the Bassom Scheme. It was named after A.E. Bassom of the Metropolitan Police who made it. Changing and short lines used letter suffixes. Also, the numbers were grouped by the company that operated the route.

The numbering was changed in 1934 after London Transport was formed.

Current classification

*Except 607, which is a normal daytime route

References

Other websites 
 Transport for London website

Local government in London
Transport in London
Jules Joseph Lefebvre (Tournan-en-Brie, March 14, 1836 – Paris, February 24, 1911) was a French figure painter. 

Lefebvre went to the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in 1852. He was a pupil of Léon Cogniet. He won the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1861. Between 1855 and 1898, he exhibited 72 portraits in the Paris Salon. In 1891, he became a member of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts.

He was a teacher at the Académie Julian in Paris. One of his famous students was the Scottish born landscape painter William Hart. Georges Rochegrosse, Félix Vallotton, the Americans Childe Hassam, John Henry Twachtman, John Noble Barlow, Augustus Kenderdine, and Charles A. Platt were also his pupils. He was a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts for a long time.

His paintings are usually single figures of beautiful women.
Among his best portraits were those of M. L. Reynaud and the Prince Imperial (1874). Among his many decorations were a first-class medal at the Paris Exhibition of 1878 and the medal of honor in 1886. He was a Commander of the Legion of Honor and a member of the Institut de France.

Gallery 

1836 births
1911 deaths
French painters
The Louisiana State University and A&M College is a public university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; it belongs to the Louisiana State University System of higher education as a land-grant and sea-grant institution. Colloquially, most people call the university "Louisiana State University" or "LSU". In sports competitions, "LSU" is almost always associated with Louisiana State University and A&M College or the LSU Athletics Department.

References

Other websites

Institutions of the Louisiana State University System  

Colleges and universities in Louisiana
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Southeastern Conference
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
1860 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Louisiana
The University of Kansas is a public university in Lawrence, a hilly city in northeastern Kansas. It is often abbreviated as "KU".
KU held its first classes in 1866. As of Spring 2011, over 30,000 students attended school there.

History

There was a plan to build a university in Kansas in 1855, but it didn't happen until Kansas became a state in 1861. The Kansas government needed to decide where to build the university. Their choices were Manhattan, Emporia, or Lawrence. On January 13, 1863, Kansas State University was built in Manhattan. The only cities left were Emporia and Lawrence. Amos A. Lawrence gave $10,000 and more than 40 acres (160,000 m2) of land for a university in Lawrence. The Kansas government liked that, so the government chose Lawrence.
On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was made if Lawrence gave a gift of a $15,000 endowment fund and a place for the university. The place would need to be in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 ha) of land.

On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney said Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university. In 1864, the university was officially organized.

The university opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873.

Academics

School of Business
The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school on the main campus in Lawrence. The KU School of Business was created in 1924. It has more than 80 staff members, and it has about 1500 students.
It was named one of the best business schools in the Midwest by Princeton Review. The KU School of Business has been credited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for its undergraduate and graduate programs in business and accounting.

School of Law
The University of Kansas School of Law was created in 1878. It was the top law school in the state of Kansas. The 2016 U.S. News & World Report "U.S. News Best Colleges Rankings" says that it was the 65th best law school in the United States. Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green.

School of Engineering
The KU School of Engineering is a public engineering school on the main campus in Lawrence. The School of Engineering was officially created in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873.
The U.S. News & World Report'''s "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue says that KU's School of Engineering was the 90th best engineering school in the United States.

Famous alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, and Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio.
Edwards Campus
The KU Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. It was created in 1993. It was created in order to provide adults with a chance to get college degrees and to get better education. About 2,000 students go there. The average age of the students is 31. The Edwards campus provides programs developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, engineering management and design.
Tuition
Students enrolled in 6 or more credit hours paid a yearly required campus fee of $888. The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge more fees.

, the yearly tuition for 30 credit hours for a freshman is estimated by the university to be $10,182. This does not include room and board costs.

Sports
Sports

Kansas' athletics teams are called the Jayhawks. Kansas has 16 varsity teams, all of which compete in the Big 12 Conference. They are known for their men's basketball team, which most recently won a national championship in 2008.

 Other locations 

The KU Medical Center, which is one branch of the University of Kansas, is located in Kansas City, Kansas, which is east of Lawrence. Another branch of KU, called the Edwards Campus, is located in Overland Park, Kansas.

Student Activities
Debate
The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university. Kansas has won the tournament 6 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, 2009 and 2018)
Media
The University of Kansas's newspaper is The University Daily Kansan''.

Housing

Famous alumni

References

Other websites
 

Association of American Universities
Big 12 Conference
 
1866 establishments in Kansas
Buildings and structures in Lawrence, Kansas
The Kansas Jayhawks, commonly referred to as KU, are the athletic teams that represent the University of Kansas. KU is one of three schools in the state of Kansas that are in the NCAA Division I. The Jayhawks are also a part of the Big 12 Conference. KU athletic teams have won eleven NCAA Division I championships: three in men's basketball, one in men's cross country, three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, and one in women's outdoor track and field.

The name "Jayhawks" comes from the Kansas Jayhawker freedom fighter and anti-slavery movement during the Bleeding Kansas era of the American Civil War.

Sports

The University of Kansas officially has 16 sports: 6 men's and 8 women's. There are also club-level sports for rugby, ice hockey, and men's volleyball. The school used to have a wrestling team, though the sport was stopped during the 1960s.

Football
Football

KU began playing football in 1890. The Jayhawks have been to the Orange Bowl in 1948, 1969 and 2008, winning in 2008. The team plays in Memorial Stadium (capacity 50,071). It the seventh oldest college football stadium in the United States. It opened in 1921.

Softball
The Jayhawks softball team has appeared in seven Women's College World Series, in 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979 and 1992.

References

University of Kansas
The University of Pennsylvania is a private Ivy League university in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Many people call the university "Penn." It contains four undergraduate schools, which are for students without a college degree. These schools are nursing, arts and sciences, engineering, and Wharton, which is a famous business school. It had graduate schools-for those with a college degree- in medicine, business, law, dentistry, veterinary medicine, nursing, education, communication, design, and social policy. Their competitive teams are known as the Quakers. 

45th President of the United States Donald Trump graduated here with a Bachelor of Science.

References

Pennsylvania
Colleges and universities in Pennsylvania
Ivy League
Philadelphia