Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
{
  "type": "Feature",
  "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [33.626057, 73.071442] },
  "properties": {
    "title": "Location of Rawalpindi city.",
    "description": "",
    "marker-symbol": "",
    "marker-size": "large",
    "marker-color": "0050d0"
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}

Rawalpindi (, Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Pothohar Plateau near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. It is home to the headquarters of the Pakistan Army and also served as the nation's capital while Islamabad was being constructed during the 1960s. The city is home to many industries and factories. Benazir Bhutto International Airport is actually in Rawalpindi, formerly known as the "Chaklala Airport", serving the city along with the capital. Rawalpindi is in the Punjab province, 275 km (171 miles) to the north-west of Lahore. It is the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. About 3,363,911 people lived in Rawalpindi in the year 1998. The local language spoken is Pothwari.

 
R
Capital of Pakistan
Kachhi (formerly named Bolan District) is a district of Balochistan, Pakistan.

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Sopore () is a town in Baramulla district.

Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
Josip Broz, nicknamed Tito, (May 7, 1892 – May 4, 1980) was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary, World War II Hero, statesman and dictator who was the leader of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, from 1945 until his death in 1980.  From 1945 to 1953 he was Prime Minister, and from 1953 to 1980 he was the President.  His funeral on May 4, 1980, was attended by representatives of 128 out of 154 UN member countries.  Tito was a controversial person, with people having strong and differing views about his leadership.  He has been described by some critics as an authoritarian and a benevolent dictator.
Early life
Tito was born in Komrovec, Croatia, where his parents had a small farm. He went to the village elementary school until 1905. In 1907 he was machinist's apprentice in Sisak. In 1910 he joined the union of workers and social-democratic party of Croatia and Slavonia. In 1913 he entered the Austro–Hungarian Army and later was imprisoned for anti-war propaganda. During World War I he was wounded, captured, then imprisoned by Russians. After being set free, he became active in the bolshevik movement. After the October Revolution, he joined the Red Guards (Russia). In 1920 Tito came back to the new nation Yugoslavia and joined the Communist party. This was later renamed Yugoslav Communist League in 1952. Tito (Babo) was the leader of the Communist party from 1937 until his death. In 1921 the Yugoslav communist party was banned. Tito was imprisoned from 1928 until 1933  for being a communist. In 1934 he went back to Soviet Union and he was involved as secret agent in NKVD.
Military chief
In 1937 Tito came back to Yugoslavia. During the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in World War II, a civil war erupted between the collaborationists of Axis occupators (Ustaše, Croatian Home Guard, Slovene Home Guard, Serbian State Guards), royalist Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland who wanted to bring back the monarchy, and the self-organized guerilla force of Yugoslav Partisans. Tito had the leading role in organizing the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army and liberating Yugoslavia. Their struggles were recognized by the Allies of World War II as the true liberators of Yugoslavia. In 1945, Tito ordered the end of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and created the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with six republics: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia, and two autonomous provinces in Serbia: Vojvodina in the north, and Kosovo in the south, next to Albania.
Presidency
Tito, under various positions, ruled Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1980. To be safe from assassination attempts, he was dramatically supported by the spy ring OZNA and political police UDBA. Following the Tito-Stalin split in 1948, Yugoslavia heavily opposed the influence of Soviet Union. His rule supressed all non-Titoist parties from forming, including nationalist, monarchist and liberal. He, along with other political personalities in third-world countries, started the Non-Aligned Movement. In the mid-1970s, federal republics of Yugoslavia were granted more autonomy, and the country underwent political decentralization. When he died in 1980 the political situation worsened, as the nationalist parties gained ground. The centralist rule of Slobodan Milošević culminated into brutal and bitter Yugoslav Wars during the 1990s, just ten years later.

Death
Death

Tito became ill over the course of 1979. On 7 January and again on 11 January 1980, Tito was admitted to the Medical Centre in Ljubljana, the capital city of the SR Slovenia, with circulation problems in his legs. His left leg was amputated soon afterward due to arterial blockages and he died of gangrene at the Medical Centre Ljubljana on 4 May 1980 at 3:05 pm, three days short of his 88th birthday. Many world leaders came to his funeral.

Historical criticism
Accusations of culpability are related with crimes perpetrated during and after WWII, in pursuit of fleeing Nazi collaborators, such as the massacres of Foibe and Kočevski Rog butchery. Mass graves are evidences of massacres; accusations of genocide and ethnic cleansing by historians. Accusations of guilt in the Bleiburg massacre, the repression of the Croatian Catholic Church, and the crackdown on the Croatian Spring or MASPOK.
Accusation of Vojvodina massacre consists in retaliation against Germans and Hungarians citizen and supposed Chetnik Serbs but some historians consider these incidents also ethnic cleansing against Germans and Hungarians because during World War II, the German minority in occupied Yugoslavia enjoyed a status of superiority over the Yugoslav population.
Tito's repression involved many of the his old friends such as Milovan Dilas and Vladimir Dedijer, who were both imprisoned but later wrote several books with gross accusations against him; with criticism heaped on Tito's lustful lifestyle: by 1974 he had 32 official residences, one of the ten richest men in the Balkans, a communist who lived like a king. Tito constructed huge personality cult around him, which kept Yugoslavia from falling apart.

Funeral 

The funeral of Josip Tito, President of Yugoslavia, was held on 8 May 1980, four days after his death on 4 May. His funeral was visited by most of world statesmen.

They included four kings, 31 presidents, six princes, 22 prime ministers and 47 ministers of foreign affairs. They came from both sides of the Cold War, from 128 different countries out of 154 UN members at the time.

The "Plavi voz" (Blue train, official presidential train) brought his body to the capital Belgrade and he lay in state in the Federal Parliament building until the funeral.
Related pages
 Yugoslavia
 Titoism

References

Bibliography
 
 Dedijer, Vladimir. Tito. New York: Arno Press, 1980

Other websites

 Josip Tito Reference Archive at the Marxists Internet Archive
 Unseen pictures from US Archives 
 Sign the first virtual memorial of Marshal Tito 

1892 births
1980 deaths
Deaths from gangrene
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from peripheral artery disease
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Presidents of Yugoslavia
Former dictators
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church'
The Wienerwald (East Central Bavarian: Weanawoid, lit.'Vienna Woods') is a large forest of over 1,000 square kilometers. It lies southwest of Vienna in Lower Austria. It covers the start of the Alps. It is about 45 km long, and between 20 and 30 km wide.

Alps
Forests of Europe
Mountains of Austria
Regions of Austria
Lower Austria
Vienna
Wienerwald is an Austrian municipality in the Mödling District, Lower Austria. It is in the forest of the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald). About 2,600 people live there.

References

Other websites 
 

Settlements in Lower Austria
Wienerwald is a chain of franchise restaurants. The name means Vienna Woods. They are mainly in Germany and Austria. They specialize in chicken-based products. It was founded in 1955. It went bankrupt several times. Today the two chains in Austria and Germany are independent of each other. The company operates in Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Romania, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United States and Egypt.

European restaurants
1955 establishments in Europe
A barracuda is a ray finned-fish that is about 6 feet in length. It is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. 

It is of the genus Sphyraena, the only genus in the family Sphyraenidae. It is famous for its intimidating and ferocious behavior. It is the reason that divers take off any shiny or glittery bracelets in the water. They eat fish that are silver in color, which may cause them to attack someone if they are wearing any shimmering objects.  

These fish usually stay near the top of the water around sea grass and coral reefs.  

Istiophoriformes
Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 151,713.

References
Sin City is a 2005 American crime thriller movie written, produced and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez. It is based on Miller's graphic novel series of the same name.

The main actors in it are Jessica Alba, Brittany Murphy, Benicio Del Toro, Clive Owen, Mickey Rourke, Bruce Willis and Elijah Wood. Sin City received mostly positive reviews.
This movie has a sequel called Sin City: A Dame to Kill For.

References

Other websites

 
 

2005 crime thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
Dark Horse Comics movies
Film noir
Movies directed by Robert Rodriguez
Fantastic Four is a 2005 American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics comic Fantastic Four.  The movie was released in the United States on July 8, 2005.

Cast 
Ioan Gruffudd as Reed Richards / Mister Fantastic
Jessica Alba as Susan Storm / Invisible Woman
Chris Evans as Johnny Storm / Human Torch
Michael Chiklis as Benjamin Grimm / The Thing
Julian McMahon as Victor Von Doom / Doctor Doom
Kerry Washington as Alicia Masters
Stan Lee as Willie Lumpkin

Release Dates

References

Other websites 

2005 action movies
2005 science fiction movies
2000s superhero movies
Fantastic Four (movie series)
2000s American action movies
2000s American fantasy movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Movies based on comic book characters
Movies composed by John Ottman
Movies directed by Tim Story
Movies produced by Avi Arad
Superhero comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Dark Angel is an American science fiction television series created by James Cameron and Charles H. Eglee, which ran from 2000 to 2002 on the FOX network. Dark Angel tells the story of the character of "Max Guevara" (X5-452), a genetically enhanced super-soldier, portrayed by Jessica Alba as an adult, and Geneva Locke as a child.

The program is set in 2019 in Seattle, Washington, but was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at Lions Gate Studios.

Other websites 

2000 American television series debuts
2002 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American LGBT television programs
American science fiction television series
Eugenics
Fox television series
Television series set in Seattle
Television series set in the future
English-language television programs
Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer is a 2007 superhero movie, and sequel to the 2005 movie Fantastic Four. Both movies are based on the comic book of the same name. The movie was directed by Tim Story, who also directed the original. Ioan Gruffudd, Jessica Alba, Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis, Julian McMahon and Kerry Washington reprised their roles from the first movie.

It was released June 15, 2007, in North America, and was released onto high-def Blu-ray Disc and DVD on October 2, 2007.

Cast 
Ioan Gruffudd as Reed Richards / Mister Fantastic
Jessica Alba as Susan Richards / Invisible Woman
Chris Evans as Johnny Storm / Human Torch
Michael Chiklis as Benjamin Grimm / The Thing
Julian McMahon as Victor Von Doom / Doctor Doom
Doug Jones as Norrin Radd / Silver Surfer
Laurence Fishburne as Silver Surfer's voice
Kerry Washington as Alicia Masters
Stan Lee as himself

Release Dates
Release Dates

Rating 
Unlike the first Fantastic Four film (which was rated PG-13), the film was rated PG by the MPAA for sequences of action violence, some mild language and innuendo. This is Marvel's first film to be rated PG by the MPAA.

Crazy credits 
 After the 20th Century Fox fanfare animation is completed, the logo disappears and slide away via a comic strip to proceed into the Marvel logo before the opening credits.

2007 movies
English-language movies
20th Century Fox movies
Fantastic Four (movie series)

Movies composed by John Ottman
Movies directed by Tim Story
Movies produced by Avi Arad
Silver Surfer
Superhero comedy movies
2000s apocalyptic movies
American superhero movies
The Ultimate Fighter is a reality television series and mixed martial arts (MMA) contest, in the United States, and made by Spike TV and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). On this show, professional MMA fighters that have yet to make a big name for themselves are placed in a house outside of Las Vegas, Nevada and they go against each other for the title of The Ultimate Fighter, winning a six-figure, multi-fight contract with the UFC.

Other websites
Official website
Spike TV's Ultimate Fighter page 
UFC Official Website

Ultimate Fighting Championship
American reality television series

de:Ultimate Fighting Championship#The Ultimate Fighter
nl:Ultimate Fighting Championship#The Ultimate Fighter
Good Luck Chuck is a 2007 romantic comedy movie starring Jessica Alba and Dane Cook. The story of the movie is Chuck is a "good luck charm" lover. That is, women will find their "one true love" after having sex with him. He then meets a girl who he thinks is his true love.

Sources

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2007 romantic comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
2000s English-language movies
Lionsgate movies
Movies about dentistry
Maxim is an international men's magazine based in the United Kingdom and known for its revealing pictorials featuring popular actresses, singers, and female models, none of which are nudes.

In the United States, Maxim is an industry leader, reporting a circulation of 2.5 million readers which they claim is enough to outsell leading competitors GQ, Esquire, and Details combined.

Magazines of the United Kingdom
Camp Nowhere is a 1994 movie directed by Jonathan Prince, written by Andrew Kurtzman and Eliot Wald, and starring Jonathan Jackson, Christopher Lloyd, Melody Kay, Andrew Keegan, and Marne Patterson. The movie also features Jessica Alba in one of her first movie roles.

1994 comedy movies
1994 adventure movies
American adventure movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Honey is a 2003 movie released by Universal Pictures. Featuring music produced by Rodney Jerkins, the movie stars Jessica Alba, Mekhi Phifer, Lil' Romeo,Zachary Isaiah Williams Joy Bryant, Missy Elliott and David Moscow. A number of popular hip hop and R&B musicians make cameos in the movie, including Jerkins, Jadakiss and Sheek Louch of The Lox, Tweet, and Ginuwine. Canadian R&B artist Shawn Desman was also featured. R&B and hip-hop singer Aaliyah, a close friend of Missy Elliott, was originally cast as the star of the movie before her death.

The movie grossed $27 million at the US box office, and was released on DVD and VHS on March 23, 2004.

2003 movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies about singers
The Secret World of Alex Mack was an American television series that ran on Nickelodeon from October 8, 1994 to January 15, 1998, replacing Clarissa Explains It All on the SNICK line-up. Repeats of the series aired in 2003 on The N, but it was soon replaced there. The show is currently not on the air in the U.S.

1994 American television series debuts
Nickelodeon television series
1998 American television series endings
English-language television programs
The Atlantic Theater Company runs an off-Broadway theater in a converted church in the Chelsea neighborhood of New York City.

Theater
Companies based in New York City
The original premise of the show was based around the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon (played by Jason Priestley) and Brenda Walsh (played by Shannen Doherty) had after they and their parents, Jim and Cindy moved from Minneapolis, Minnesota to Beverly Hills. The show addressed several topical issues, including: date rape, alcoholism, domestic violence, gay rights, drug abuse, teenage suicide, AIDS, and teenage pregnancy.

The show gained popularity during the summer of 1991, when FOX aired a special "summer season" of the show while most other series were in reruns. The series became one of FOX's top shows when it began its next season that fall. Viewership increased dramatically and the cast members, particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry, became teen idols, while the series would make actresses Shannen Doherty, Jennie Garth and Tori Spelling household names.

Other websites
Other websites 

1990 American television series debuts
2000 American television series endings
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
American drama television series
American teen television series
Beverly Hills, California in fiction
Fox television series
Television series set in Los Angeles County, California
English-language television programs
The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by FOX. The program honors the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports, and television, as voted on by teens aged 12–19. The program usually features a high number of celebrities and musical performers. The winners are awarded with lifesize surfboards, to fit the summertime theme. The ceremony has also created spin-off teen awards on YouTube.

Starting in 1999, the Teen Choice Awards were presented weeks prior to the televised event up through 2005. Since 2006, the program has been televised live.

References

Fox Broadcasting Company
Entertainment awards
French Canadian (Canadien or Canadien français in French) refers to a nation or ethnic group that comes from Canada in the period of French colonization in the 1600s. They are the main French-speaking population of Canada. It may also refer to people of French descent living in Canada, or native speakers of French in Canada.

References

Other websites

Multicultural Canada website includes seven full-text searchable French Canadian newspapers from Ontario and Quebec

Ethnic groups in Canada
Mexican Americans are  US citizens  of Mexican ancestry. They account for 9% of the country's population: about 28.3 million Americans listed their Original Native ancestry as Mexican as of 2006. They form the largest Original Native group in the United States and contain the largest group of . Mexican Americans trace their ancestry to the modern day country of Mexico or the Southwestern United States.
Most Mexican Americans live in the four states that border Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. The areas in and around Los Angeles is home to over six million Mexican Americans. There are also a number of large Mexican American communities in other areas of the Western and Southwestern United States. Though Chicago is not in the Western or Southwestern United States, it has 1.4 million Mexican Americans, more Mexican Americans than any city except Los Angeles. The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, and Phoenix each have more than one million Mexicans.  There are a growing number of Mexican Americans in the Midwest and South.
Most Mexican Americans have been referred to as "mestizos", by the generational cast system  imposed by Europeans by which people of Original Native ancestry are more  one ethnicity. Most of their heritage is the indigenous, Original Native people  of Mexico, but it often contains other groups, Central, South America Original Native. Some have a mixture of the casts such as Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Irish and Native American tribes from the U.S. such as Apache.

Related pages
 Mexican people
 Mestizo
 Hispanic
 Chicano

References

Other websites
Other websites

 California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives – In the Chicano/Latino Collections  - University of California Santa Barbara
 California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives – Digital Chicano Art  - University of California Santa Barbara
 Calisphere > California Cultures > Hispanic Americans  - University of California System
 ImaginArte – Interpreting and Re-imaging Chican@Art - University of California Santa Barbara
 Manifest Destinies: The Making of the Mexican American Race (book)
 Mexican-American.org – Network of the Mexican American Community
 Mexican Americans MSN Encarta(  2009-11-01)
 Think Mexican – News, Culture, and Information on the Mexican Community 
 Mexican Americans - History - World Culture Encyclopedia
 Mexican Immigration to the United States
 Article: Mexican Immigrants in the United States | migrationpolicy.org

Ethnic groups in the United States
The Saturn Award is an award presented every year by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films to honor the top works in science fiction, fantasy, and horror in movie, television, and home video. The prestigious Saturn Awards were devised by Dr. Donald A. Reed, who felt that movies within those genres were never given the appreciation they deserved. The physical award is a representation of the planet Saturn, surrounded with a ring of film. The award was initially, and is still sometimes loosely referred to as a Golden Scroll.

Similar to other awards, like the Oscars, the Emmys and the Grammys, the Saturn Awards are voted on by members of the presenting Academy. There are also special awards for lifetime achievement in the field.

The awards were first presented in 1972.

References 

Television
Science fiction awards
Movie awards
Del Rio is a border city in and the county seat of Val Verde County, Texas, United States. It is near the Laughlin Air Force Base.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
The tonsils are areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. An infection of the tonsils is called tonsillitis or tonsilitis. Most commonly, the term "tonsils" refers to the palatine tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat. 

Like other organs of the lymphatic system, the tonsils act as part of the immune system to help protect against infection. In particular, they are believed to be involved in helping fight off pharyngeal and upper respiratory tract infections.

Head (body part)
J. C. Penney Company, Inc (most commonly known today by the name JCPenney or simply Penneys) is a mid-range chain of American department stores based in Plano, Texas, a suburb north of Dallas. The company operates 1,067 stores in 49 of the 50 U.S. states (except Hawaii) and Puerto Rico, and the largest general merchandise catalog business in the United States. In addition to sale of conventional merchandise, JCPenney stores are often home to several leased departments such as Optical, Portrait Studios, Jewelry & Watch repair, etc.

References 

American department stores
Companies based in Texas
Plano, Texas
1902 establishments in the United States
Flipper (1995), is an American television series, also known as The New Adventures of Flipper.  It is a remake of the 1964 Flipper television series.  The first two seasons appeared first in syndication; seasons 3 and 4 appeared on the PAX network.

The 1995 version brought back Bud Ricks as a scientist doing marine research in Florida.  The dolphin Flipper was one with whom Dr. Ricks was working.  Jessica Alba was in the show.

1995 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
Orient is a term meaning "the east". It is from the Latin word oriens. Ancient Rome sometimes used it to mean the area east of Rome. Later the dividing line moved farther east, to the Adriatic or the Aegean or the Indus River. This term is in contrast to the "Occident", which is a term meaning "the west". 

Edward Said used the term in his book Orientalism (1978). He used it to mean an area including most of present-day North Africa and Middle Eastern countries. 

Asia
A console role-playing game is a video game genre that resembles traditional role-playing games. Many console role-playing games use common features like turn-based battles, random battles, stats, and leveling up.

 
Video game genres
Drew Blyth Barrymore (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress and movie producer. Born in Culver City, California, she is the youngest member of the Barrymore family. Lionel Barrymore was her great-uncle and John Barrymore was her grandfather. Barrymore made a breakout role in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. She starred with Adam Sandler in The Wedding Singer, 50 First Dates and Blended. She starred in the Netflix series Santa Clarita Diet.

Personal life 
Barrymore is bisexual. She was married three times. She had a relationship with Jeremy Thomas, Tom Green and Will Kopelman. Before their divorce, Barrymore has two daughters.

Movies and television

References

Other websites
1975 births
Living people
Actors from Culver City, California
American child actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Barrymore family
Bisexual people
Golden Globe Award winning actors
LGBT actors
LGBT people from California
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Brooklyn South is a short-lived American television police drama. It aired from 1997 to 1998 on CBS for only one season. It was cancelled due to poor ratings.

One of the producers of the series was Steven Bochco, creator of many well-known police dramas such as Hill Street Blues and NYPD Blue. Brooklyn South was also created and produced by David Milch. The series tried to create a setting of a gritty, realistic police station similar to that of NYPD Blue, but differed by focusing on the uniformed police officers rather than the detectives. The pilot of Brooklyn South was noted as the first TV-MA rated episode on broadcast television.

1997 American television series debuts
Drama television series
CBS network shows
1998 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Never Been Kissed is a 1999 American comedy movie directed by Raja Gosnell. It follows a journalist pretending to be high school student. It stars Drew Barrymore, David Arquette, Michael Vartan, Molly Shannon, Leelee Sobieski, John C. Reilly, Jessica Alba, Marley Shelton and Garry Marshall. It marked the first movie produced by Flower Films and James Franco's film debut.

Other websites

References 

1990s high school movies
1999 romantic comedy movies
1990s teen comedy movies
1990s teen romance movies
American high school movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen romance movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
Movies set in Chicago
Movies shot in Chicago
Proms in movies
Idle Hands is a 1999 American comedy-horror movie starring Devon Sawa, Seth Green, and Jessica Alba with Elden Henson and Vivica A. Fox. It follows the life of a teen whose hand becomes possessed and goes on a killing spree, even after being cut off from his arm. The film was delayed in its release because of the Columbine massacre.

Sources

1999 comedy movies
1999 horror movies
1990s black comedy movies
Supernatural horror movies
1990s teen comedy movies
1990s teen horror movies
American black comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen horror movies
Body horror movies
Comedy horror movies
English-language movies
Impact of the Columbine High School massacre
Panic attacks are sudden periods of very bad anxiety. Along with feeling very scared, people with panic attacks usually have physical symptoms.  These symptoms are not dangerous.  However, they can make a person feel terrible for a short time.  Having a panic attack is often terrifying and very upsetting.  Many people who have a panic attack for the first time call the emergency services because they think they are having a heart attack or a nervous breakdown.

Though panic attacks make people feel terrible, they are not dangerous. Usually, the worst symptoms are over in ten minutes or less. However, some panic attacks can be as short as one to five minutes.

Panic attacks can happen in people with all kinds of mental illnesses.  They can also happen in people who do not have mental illness, but have just had something very bad happen to them.
A panic attack is sometimes confused with anxiety. Anxiety is progressive, when we think of negative thoughts, the anxiety becomes worse when we do not try to relax and it reaches to a point when we're out of control. A panic attack is not progressive, when we think of negative thoughts, a panic attack goes straight to us feeling out of control and people would often think they're having a heart attack because an anxious heart feels very similar to a heart attack. A panic attack is far worse than an anxiety attack, though both attacks require the person to learn how to calm down or get professional help if it becomes a problem in their daily lives.

Symptoms 
The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), DSM-5, describes a panic attack as:

"An abrupt [sudden] surge of intense [very strong] fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes...  [During that] time four or more of the following symptoms occur. The abrupt surge can occur from a calm state or an anxious state."
According to DSM-5, a person is having a panic attack if they suddenly start feeling very scared and have four or more of these symptoms:
 Palpitations (a pounding heart) or fast heart rate
 Sweating
 Trembling or shaking
 Feeling unable to breathe
 Feeling of choking
 Chest pain or discomfort
 Nausea or other gastrointestinal problems
 Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
 Feeling hot, or feeling chills
 Paresthesias (numbness or tingling feelings)
 Derealization (feelings of not being real) or depersonalization (feeling detached from oneself)
 Fear of losing control or going crazy
 Fear of dying
The physiology behind panic attacks 
Panic attacks happen when the body's natural fight or flight response gets overprotective.  Usually, the fight or flight response kicks in when a person is in danger.  It tells the sympathetic nervous system to make many changes in the body.  These changes will help the person fight or run away from the danger.  For example:
 The person will get scared.  This makes them want to get away from the danger they are in.
 The heart will beat stronger and faster.  This will get as much blood and oxygen to the body as possible.
 Chemical messengers like epinephrine (adrenaline) will be sent out through the body, to give the body extra energy to fight or run away.
 The body will stop digestion in the digestive tract.  The body does this because it wants to spend all its energy on fighting or running away.  It does not want to waste energy on things like digestion which will not help the person escape danger.
When a person is truly in danger, these changes in the body can help the person survive.  The changes in the body make it easier for the person to fight or run away from the danger.
However, when a person is having a panic attack, their body is reacting as if they are in danger, when they are really not.  Their fight or flight system kicks in and causes changes to the body.  But because the person does not need these changes to help them survive, the changes cause symptoms.  For example:
 The person will feel very scared, even though they are not actually in danger.
 The person may notice that their heart is pounding (because it is beating stronger) or beating quickly.
 The person may notice side effects from the epinephrine that is being sent out through their body.  Those side effects can include sweating, chest pain, and feeling even more anxious.
 Because digestion has suddenly stopped, the person may have nausea, diarrhea, or other gastrointestinal problems.
Every symptom of a panic attack is caused by the fight or flight reaction.  This is why panic attacks are not dangerous.  The fight or flight system is meant to save a person's life if they are in danger.  It is a natural self-defense system in the human body.  When a panic attack happens, this life-saving fight or flight system is simply kicking in when it is not needed.

Related pages 
 Panic disorder
 Anxiety disorder
 Pan (mythology)

References

Other websites 
What Is Panic Disorder?  What are Panic Attacks?  from AnxietyBC.com (Simple English)
Panic Attacks: The Hallmark of Panic Disorder by the American Psychological Association 
Panic disorder from PubMed Health

Anxiety disorders
Telepathy  is the hypothesis that some people can communicate to others by thought, instead of through the known senses.

The term was coined by classics scholar and psychologist Frederic William Henry Myers in 1882. Sigmund Freud did experiments with his daughter Anna where he attempted to communicate with her telepathically. In 1930 Upton Sinclair wrote a book about his experiments with his wife in telepathic communication entitled Mental Radio.

Eysenck's opinion 
Professor Hans Eysenck of London University's Institute of Psychiatry stated "Unless there is a gigantic conspiracy involving some thirty university departments all over the world, and several hundred highly respected scientists in various fields, many of them originally skeptical to the claims of the psychical researchers, the only conclusion that the unbiased observer can come to is that there does exist a small number of people who obtain knowledge existing in other people's minds, or in the outer world, by means as yet unknown to science".
Scientific reception 
A variety of tests have been performed to demonstrate telepathy, but there is no scientific evidence that the power exists.

A panel commissioned by the United States National Research Council to study paranormal claims concluded that "despite a 130-year record of scientiﬁc research on such matters, our committee could ﬁnd no scientiﬁc justiﬁcation for the existence of phenomena such as extrasensory perception, mental telepathy or 'mind over matter' exercises... Evaluation of a large body of the best available evidence simply does not support the contention that these phenomena exist." The scientific community considers parapsychology a pseudoscience. There is no known mechanism for telepathy. Philosopher and physicist Mario Bunge has written that telepathy would contradict laws of science and the claim that "signals can be transmitted across space without fading with distance is inconsistent with physics".

Related pages 
Parapsychology

References 

Parapsychology
Pseudoscience
A megabit is a unit of information or computer storage that means one million bits, or one thousand kilobits. It is abbreviated Mbit or Mb.

Units of information
Susan Storm Richards (also known as Invisible Girl and later, Invisible Woman) is a fictional character, a Marvel Comics superheroine created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby. The character first appeared in Fantastic Four #1 in November 1961. Like the other founding members of the Fantastic Four, Sue received her powers after being exposed to a cosmic storm. Her primary power deals with light waves, allowing her to render herself and others invisible. However, she can also project powerful fields of invisible energy which she uses for a variety of offensive and defensive effects. Sue plays a central role in the lives of her brother, her husband, her children (Franklin Richards and Val Richards), and her friend, Ben Grimm. She has been adapted into motion puctures and is played by Rebecca Stabb, Jessica Alba and Kate Mara.

Characters created by Stan Lee
Fantastic Four characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1961
Marvel Comics mutates
Shigesato Itoi ( Itoi Shigesato, born November 10, 1948 in Gumna) is a famous Japanese copywriter, essayist, and game designer. In his video game career, his most well-known works have been games in the EarthBound series.

References 

1948 births
Mother series
Japanese voice actors
Japanese video game designers
Living people
People from Gunma Prefecture
The Eye is a 2008 movie starring Jessica Alba. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong-Thai-Singaporean movie of the same name. The movie was rated PG-13 by the MPAA for "violence/terror and disturbing content." It was directed by David Moreau and Xavier Palud. It is the story of a young blind girl who has her sight restored. She is able to see dead people, and sets out to find the history of her new eyes.

References 

2008 movies
English-language movies
Lionsgate movies
is a Japanese video game company. It used to be called Ape, Inc. It's most well known for the Pokémon video game series, trading cards, and toys, as well as the EarthBound series while they were Ape, Inc.

Video game companies of Japan
Companies based in Tokyo
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is a professional honorary group meant for the advancement of the arts and sciences of movies.

The Academy has over 6,000 motion picture professionals as members. While the most of its members are in the United States, membership is open to filmmakers around the world. As of 2004, it had members from 36 countries. It is known around the world for its yearly Academy Awards, known to most people as the "Oscars." 

Also, the Academy gives Student Academy Awards to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level each year; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting each year; and runs the Margaret Herrick Library in Beverly Hills, California and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, California, which will grow to include Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, to open as a tourist site in 2017.

The president of the Academy has been Cheryl Boone Issacs since 2013.

References
References 

Movie organizations
1927 establishments in the United States
The Love Guru is an 2008 American romantic sports comedy movie set in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was directed by Marco Schnabel and starring Mike Myers. Romany Malco, Jessica Alba and Justin Timberlake co-star. In addition to starring in the movie, Myers wrote The Love Guru with Graham Gordy and produced it with Gary Barber. The movie was released by Paramount Pictures on June 20, 2008 and was rated PG-13.

Cast
Mike Myers as Guru Maurice Pitka
Jessica Alba as Jane Bullard
Romany Malco as Darren Roanoke
Meagan Good as Prudence Roanoke
Verne Troyer as Coach Punch Cherkov
Justin Timberlake as Jacques "Le Coq" Grandé
Telma Hopkins as Lillian Roanoke
Manu Narayan as Rajneesh - Pitka's assistant
John Oliver as Dick Pants
Ben Kingsley as Guru Tugginmypudha
Stephen Colbert as Jay Kell
Jim Gaffigan as Trent Lueders
Rob Huebel as Bar Patron / Cameo
Omid Djalili as Guru Satchabigknoba
People who appeared as themselves
Mike Myers
Mariska Hargitay
Kanye West
Val Kilmer
Morgan Freeman (voice)
Rob Blake
Deepak Chopra
Oprah Winfrey
Judi Dench (referenced by commentator Jay Kell (Stephen Colbert))
Jessica Simpson

Other websites 
The Love Guru Official Movie Website 

Guru Pitka's Book Club  "The Love Guru - The Official Book Club"

2008 romantic comedy movies
2000s sports comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
British romantic comedy movies
German romance movies
German comedy movies
2000s English-language movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Screenplays by Mike Myers
Movies produced by Mike Myers
Movies set in Toronto
GQ (originally Gentlemen's Quarterly) is a monthly men's magazine focusing upon fashion, style, and culture for men, through articles on food, movies, physical fitness, sex, music, travel, sports, technology, and books. It is generally thought of as being more sophisticated than magazines, such as Maxim or FHM.

History
Gentlemen's Quarterly was launched in 1931 in the United States as Apparel Arts, a men's fashion magazine for the clothing trade, aimed primarily at wholesale buyers and retail sellers.

Sources

American monthly magazines‎
American men's magazines
The Big Cartoon DataBase (BCDB) is an online database of information about cartoons, animated movies, and animated television shows.

Other websites 
 The Big Cartoon DataBase

1996 establishments
Entertainment websites
InStyle is a monthly women’s magazine, published by Time Inc., which is about the private side of celebrities. It started in 1995. It has a circulation of about 1.7 million.

American monthly magazines
The MTV Movie Awards is a movie awards show presented annually on MTV (Music Television). It also contains movie parodies that used official movie footage with hosts and other celebrities and music performances. The nominees are decided by a special panel at Tenth Planet Productions, the production company headed by Joel Gallen, who also created the MTV Movie Awards. Winners are decided by the general public. Presently voting is done through MTV's official website through a special Movie Awards link.

Other websites
 

Movie awards
MTV
Awake is a 2007 American crime thriller movie. It was written and directed by Joby Harold. It stars Hayden Christensen, Jessica Alba, Lena Olin, and Terrence Howard. The movie was rated R by the MPAA for language, an intense disturbing situation, and brief drug use.

The movie was released in the United States and Canada on November 30, 2007.

2007 crime thriller movies
2000s psychological movies
American crime thriller movies
American psychological movies
2000s English-language movies
Multilingual movies
Suicide in movies
The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a species of requiem shark, and is the only member of the genus Galeocerdo. This is one of the largest known species of shark. It reaches lengths of up to 5.5 metres (18 feet), and weighs over 900 kg (2000 pounds). The tiger shark is found throughout the world's coastal temperate and tropical waters, with the exception of the Mediterranean Sea, and have been known to swim to depths of up to 350 metres (1150 feet). Tiger sharks feed mainly on bony fish, rays, squid, crustaceans, seals, and dolphins. The tiger shark is the only species in its family which is ovoviviparous, giving birth to 10-82 pups at a time.

Description
Description 

The tiger shark gets its name from the black spots and stripes which run the length of the body, like a tiger. The front of the body is quite sturdy, but becomes more slim at the back. It has a large, strong head with big eyes and a very blunt snout. The first dorsal fin is quite wide, and is located at the back of the pectoral fins. The much smaller second dorsal fin is located at the front of the anal fin which is strongly recurved. There is a ridge along the back between the dorsal fins.

The jaws of the tiger shark have large, sharp teeth which helps the shark to cut through the flesh and bones of their prey. Each tooth is jagged around the edges. The upper and lower teeth are similar in shape, and the teeth at the front are larger than the back teeth.
The dorsal surface of the tiger shark is bluish-green to dark grey or black, and the belly is yellowish-white to pure white in colour. The black spots and stripes of the tiger shark are more visible on young ones, and they fade as the shark matures.
The tiger shark is one of the largest known sharks, commonly reaching a length of 3.25-4.25 metres (11-14 feet), and weighing around 385-635 kg (850-1400 pounds). New born tiger sharks range in lengths between 51 to 76 cm (2 to 2.5 feet). Males reach maturity at 2.3-3 metres (8-10 feet), while females become mature at 2.5-3.3 metres (8-11 feet). The largest specimens are believed to reach lengths of up to 5.5 metres (18 feet), and weigh over 900 kg (2000 pounds).

Habitat
Habitat 

The tiger shark is found throughout the world's coastal temperate and tropical waters, with the exception of the Mediterranean Sea. In the western Atlantic, it is found from Massachusetts to Uruguay, and in the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean Sea. In the eastern Atlantic, it is found in Iceland and possibly the U.K (due to the warm Gulf Stream), Morocco, Canary Islands, and from Senegal to Ivory Coast. In the Indian Ocean, it is found in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand, Vietnam, and from the Red Sea to South Africa. In the western Pacific, it is found in southern China, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Palau, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, and Tahiti. In the eastern Pacific, it is found in Hawaii, Galapagos, and from southern California to Peru.
The tiger shark is found in many different kinds of marine habitats, but it usually prefers murky waters in coastal areas. It is also commonly found in estuaries and harbours. Shallow areas around large island chains and oceanic islands, including lagoons, are also part of the tiger shark's natural environment. The tiger shark is found near the surface to depths of up to 350 metres (1150 feet).

Behaviour 
The tiger shark is nocturnal. During the day they are mostly inactive, and they hunt during the night. They are solitary, and may attack any shark or human that comes near them. The Tiger shark can be very aggressive, and along with the great white and the bull shark, it is one of the most dangerous sharks for humans.
Feeding 
Tiger sharks have a wide variety of prey. They feed on rays, bony fish, dolphins, carrion, sea birds, sea turtles, sea snakes, crustaceans, seals, squid, and small sharks of other species. Some Tiger sharks have been found with ship garbage, and car license plates in their stomachs. Adult tiger sharks have also been known to prey on young tiger sharks.

One large female caught off the north end of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea had two empty cans, a plastic bottle, two burlap sacks, a squid, and a 20 cm long fish in its stomach. Also, many tiger sharks caught in harbours have been found with garbage in their stomachs.

Tiger sharks are able to find food in the dark by picking up the vibrations made by their prey in the water, and also because of their enhanced vision.
Reproduction 
For the tiger shark, maturity depends on size and not on age. Males reach maturity at 2.3-3 metres (8-10 feet), while females become mature at 2.5-3.3 metres (8-11 feet).t Tiger sharks are ovoviviparous, and females only mate once every 3 years. The time of which the mating season occurs depends on the location. In the Northern Hemisphere the mating season lasts from March until May, and in the southern hemisphere the mating season lasts from November until January. The gestation period lasts up to 16 months, and females can give birth to 10-82 pups at a time. The average lifespan in the wild for a tiger shark is 12 years.

Human interactions 
The tiger shark is second on the list of number of recorded attacks on humans, with the great white shark being first. Fortunately though, attacks are rare. In  Hawaii, although tiger sharks were responsible for several deaths in the 1990s, there is an average of one shark attack per year.
Due to being fished commercially and recreationally, in some parts of its range, the tiger shark's population has decreased. Like many shark species, the fins of the tiger shark are highly prized in Asia for making shark-fin soup. Also, its meat is eaten by people, its skin is used to make leather, and its liver is taken as a source of Vitamin A. Fortunately, this species is quite fast growing and produces large numbers of young, so the tiger shark faces no real threat. Also, in areas where the numbers of adults have been reduced due to fishing, young tiger sharks have been found to be more common, as predation from the adults is lessened. Nevertheless, as the demand for shark fins continues to grow, there is concern that it could have a serious impact on this species in the future. The tiger shark is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.

References 

Sharks