Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Framingham is a city in the U.S. State of Massachusetts.

History 

John Oldman was the first European to set foot on the land that is now Framingham. In 1633 he led a group of explorers down a Native American trail called Old Connecticut Path that is now Framingham's oldest road. The first European settler was John Stone, who built a home on the west bank of the Sudbury River in 1647. Starting in 1693, families from Salem came to escape the Salem witch trials. They settled in an area of Framingham that is still called Salem's End today.

Framingham's original name was Danforth's Farm, named after Thomas Danforth, who owned the land. Danforth's family came to Massachusetts from Framlingham, England. The first petition to incorporate Framingham as a town was submitted to the General Court in 1693, and was denied because Thomas Danforth did not want Framingham to become a town. After Danforth died in 1699, the people made Framingham a town in 1700.
In 1706 the first schoolhouse was built. The first schoolmaster was Deacon Joshua Hemenway.

On February 12, 1775, British General Thomas Gage sent spies to Framingham. They reported that the Framingham minutemen were very strong and tough, so General Gage sent his troops to Lexington and Concord instead. But the Framingham minutemen marched over and helped the weaker minutemen from Lexington and Concord to fight the British. On April 18 to 19, 1775, two militia companies from Framingham, totaling about 130 men, fought in the Battle of Lexington and Concord. Only one of the men was wounded.

Today, Framingham is known for the Framingham Heart Study.

On April 4, 2017 residents of the Town of Framingham voted to become the City of Framingham in a 5,684 - 5,579 vote.

Geography and Landmarks 

As of the census (a counting of people) in 2005–2009, there are 66,411 people living in 27,328 houses.  In 2000, there were 66,910 people in the town. In 2010, there were 68,318 people.
Framingham has three major business districts. The "Golden Triangle" was originally a three square-mile district on the eastern side of Framingham, bordered by Route 9, Route 30, and Speen Street in Natick. The area is one of the largest shopping districts in New England. The Golden Triangle has expanded since 1993 with construction of a BJ's Wholesale Club and a Super Stop & Shop just north of Route 30. Downtown Framingham is anchored by a town hall called the Memorial Building. An influx of Hispanic and Brazilian immigrants helped revitalize the district starting in the early 2000s. West Framingham is home to two of the town's seven auto dealerships. There are also several smaller business hubs in Framingham Center, Saxonville, Nobscot, and along the Route 9 Corridor. Framingham Center is the physical and historic center of town.

A dominating presence in education is Framingham State College.

The Framingham Peace and 9/11 Memorials are located across the street from Farm Pond.

Industry & Resources
Framingham's economy is predominantly derived from retail and office complexes. Breyers, Leggat McCall, The American Heart Association, and the American Cancer Society all have facilities in the area. The Dennison Manufacturing Company was founded here in 1844 as a jewelry and watch box manufacturing company by Aaron Lufkin Dennison.

Recreation 

Nobscot Mountain is a private facility owned by the Knox Trail Council of the Boy Scouts of America. Edward F. Loring Skating Arena is near Farm Pond, for area communities and is open to the public. Winch Park has a basketball court, a tennis court, and two large fields used for football, baseball, and lacrosse. Framingham's Country Club along Salem Rd. on the South Side is a private club that features an 18-hole course for golf.

References

Other websites 
 Historical Narrative
 Historical Timeline

Cities in Massachusetts
1700 establishments
18th-century establishments in Massachusetts
1700s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to vibrate with increasing amplitudes at some frequencies of excitation. These are known as the system's resonant frequencies (or resonance frequencies). The resonator may have a fundamental frequency, and any number of harmonics.

An example of useful effect of resonant frequency is a guitar string which makes a characteristic noise when it is touched. The noise depends on how thick or slack the string is.

Another example can be seen in a playground swing. There is one specific rate at which you must push away a person on a swing to cause the swing to go high. This rate is the resonant frequency.

In earthquake engineering, on contrary, any possibility of a resonance is detrimental for the building structure.

The Kirkwood gap and other connections among orbits are caused by orbital resonance.

Related pages
 Resonator
 Seismic damper
 Vibration control
 Vibration isolation

References

Physics
Mechanical vibrations
Earthquake engineering
The satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus) is a small Australian bird known for its ability to build a special area for attracting females. This bower is filled with blue objects to help attract a female. There are six bird species in the bowerbird genus, of which five build a some kind of courting area. The golden bowerbird sits on a bridge he has made between sticks decorated like maypoles.

The satin bowerbird lives in rainforests and on the edge of drier forests along the east coast of Australia. They can be found from Cooktown in the north to Melbourne in the south.

Description
Description

They are a small bird, about  long and weighing about . The young males and females look the same, with grey to green, brown and dark brown feathers. The belly is coloured a pale brown to cream color, with dark olive to grey crescent shapes. When the male becomes sexually mature at about seven years old he grows black feathers, with a shiny blue-purple shine. The male also has bright blue eyes, and a blue beak which is yellow on the end.
Bowers
The satin bowerbird builds a special area, called a bower, to attract a female. They return to the same area every year, where they clear a space about  in diameter and then build the bower. In the centre is two lines of thin sticks or grass, carefully lined up to north and south. He can paint the walls with a mixture of his saliva and crushed berries which he brushes on with a stick. He then places a collection of coloured objects in the entrance to the bower. These are usually blue or yellow, and can include feathers, and even plastic or glass. The male stands outside the bower and sings and may pick up the objects to show them to the female. If she is pleased with the performance and the bower, she will enter the bower, followed by the male and they mate quickly. She will then fly off to begin building a nest. The male has nothing more to do with her.

References

Birds of Australia
Passeri
Cecilia is a female name. Cecilia may also refer to:

Cecilia (Burney novel), an 18th-century work by Frances Burney
Cecilia, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in the United States
"Cecilia" (Simon & Garfunkel song), a 1970 song
Caecilian, a Group (order) of amphibians

Related pages
Kok-borok (also spelled Kok Borok) is the native language of the Borok people in the disputed territory of the Tripura Division and its neighboring areas of Bangladesh and the Republic of India. The word Kok-borok is a compound of the words kok, which means "language", and borok, which literally means "nation", but is used to denote the Borok people. Thus Kok-borok means "the language of Borok" or "the language of the Borok people".

There are more than 950.000 people speaking Kokborok. Kokporok is an official language in India, in the Tripura division.

Languages of Bangladesh
Languages of India
Tripura
Sino-Tibetan languages
The Koch languages are a small family of Sino-tibetan languages. There are spoken in  Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Tibet. About 35.000 people speak Koch, about 30.000 speak Rabha.

Languages of Bangladesh
Languages of India
Sino-Tibetan languages
Pope Gregory XIII (; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was the head of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this date.

Early life
Ugo Boncompagni was born in 1502, in Bologna.

Bishop
Pope Paul IV appointed him Bishop of Viesti in 1558.

Cardinal
In 1564, he was made a cardinal by Pope Pius IV.

Pope
Cardinal Boncompagni was elected Pope at age 70; and he chose to be called Gregory XIII.

Pope Gregory was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

He founded the Gregorian University in Rome.

In the last year of his life, Gregory received an embassy from Japan.
Gregorian calendar 
Pope Gregory is famous for his correction of mistakes in the Julian calendar.  To accomplish the necessary changes,  the Gregorian calendar skipped ten days between 4 October 1582 and 15 October 1582.  
 1582 – Gregorian calendar reset, when 4 October was followed by 15 October.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

   "Gregory XIII", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Gregory XIII
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Boncompagni 

1502 births
1585 deaths
Italian popes
George Augustine Taylor (August 1, 1872 – January 20, 1928) was an Australian artist, journalist, and inventor. He was the first person in Australia to fly a heavier-than-air craft.

Early life
Taylor was born at Sydney in 1872. He first became known as an artist, and was a member of the Sydney Bohemian set in the 1890s. He wrote about this part of his life in his book, Those Were the Days, published in 1918. He drew for The Bulletin, Worker, Sunday Times, Referee, and London Punch. Later he became interested in aviation and radio.Taylor was a member of the Dawn and Dusk Club, an group of bohemians and intellectuals that included the writer Henry Lawson. Taylor married his wife, Florence Mary Parsons in 1907.
First flight
On December 5, 1909, Taylor flew a glider for  along Narrabeen beach. This was Australia's first manned flight. He had made the glider himself based on drawings by Lawrence Hargreave. The wooden framed glider had two wings, covered in calico, and a box kite tail. After his first flight, his wife Florence, flew the glider, and became the first Australian woman to fly an aircraft. During the day he became more confident and flew out over the sea, where the glider finally crashed.

References

1872 births
1928 deaths
Artists from New South Wales
Aviators
Inventors
People from Sydney
Australian journalists
In number theory a Carmichael number is a composite positive integer , which satisfies the congruence  for all integers  which are relatively prime to . Being relatively prime means that they do not have common divisors, other than 1. Such numbers are named after Robert Carmichael. 

All prime numbers  satisfy  for all integers  which are relatively prime to . This has been proven by the famous mathematician Pierre de Fermat. In most cases if a number  is composite, it does not satisfy this congruence equation. So, there exist not so many Carmichael numbers. We can say that Carmichael numbers are composite numbers that behave a little bit like they would be a prime number. 

Number theory
Integer sequences
Richard Walter Burton  (10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Welsh stage and cinema actor. 

He appeared in more than 40 movies and received 7 Academy Award nominations. He was a recipient of BAFTA, Golden Globe and Tony Awards for Best Actor. In the mid-1960s, Burton went up into the ranks of the top box office stars and by the late 1960s, was the highest-paid actor in the world. Burton received fees of $1 million or more plus a share of the gross receipts.

Burton remains closely associated in the public consciousness with his second wife, actress Elizabeth Taylor. The couple's relationship was rarely out of the news.
Early life
Burton was born Richard Walter Jenkins in the village of Pontrhydyfen, Neath Port Talbot, Wales. He grew up in a working class and Welsh-speaking household. He was the twelfth of thirteen children of a Welsh coal miner. His mother died before he was two years old. He was raised by his much older sister and her husband. He took his surname from his guardian Philip Burton, a teacher who coached him until he won a scholarship to Oxford University at the age of eighteen.

Career

Acting
Burton was a youngster when he made his London acting debut in the play The Druid's Rest. After leaving military service in the air force in 1947, he  established himself as a stage actor. He appeared with John Gielgud in The Lady's Not for Burning. His movie career began in 1949 with The Last Days of Dolwyn.
In 1962, he replaced Stephen Boyd as Mark Anthony in the movie Cleopatra opposite Elizabeth Taylor. Their off-screen romance made tabloid headlines around the world. After divorcing their respective spouses, they married in 1964. They then appeared in 11 movies together. The two divorced in 1974. They then reconciled and remarried in 1975. They divorced again the following year.

Broadway
Burton also appeared on Broadway in the musical Camelot and the play Hamlet directed by John Gielgud. He appeared on television in 1960 as Caliban in the Hallmark Hall of Fame production of The Tempest with Claire Bloom and Maurice Evans. He also appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show with Julie Andrews to sing "What Do the Simple Folk Do?" from Camelot. This appearance boosted ticket sales for the stalled musical.
Marriage and family
Burton married Sybil Williams in 1949, with whom he had two daughters. After his divorce from Elizabeth Taylor, he married Suzy Hunt in 1976. This marriage also ended in divorce. He then married Sally Hay in 1983.

Personal life
He was awarded the Commander of the British Empire (CBE) by Elizabeth II in 1970.

Death
He died at his home in Céligny, Switzerland, on 5 August 1984, from a cerebral haemorrhage.
Selected movies
 The Last Days of Dolwyn (1949, first movie)
 My Cousin Rachel (1952, 1st Oscar nomination)
 The Robe (1953, 2nd Oscar nomination)
 Alexander the Great (1956)
 A Midsummer Nights Dream (1959)
 Cleopatra (1963) 
 Becket (1964, 3rd Oscar nomination) 
 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf (1966, 4th Oscar nomination)
 The Spy Who Came in From the Cold (1966, 5th Oscar nomination)
 The Taming of the Shrew (1967)
 Where Eagles Dare (1968) 
 Anne of the Thousand Days (1969, 6th Oscar nomination)
 Raid on Rommel (1971)
 Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977) 
 Equus (1977, 7th and last Oscar nomination)
 Nineteen-Eighty-Four (1984, last movie)

References

Other websites
Richard Burton biography
Richard Burton biography 

1925 births
1984 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British movie actors
British movie directors
British movie producers
British stage actors
British television actors
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Welsh actors
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Maple Ridge is a District Municipality (area with several settlements).  It is in British Columbia, Canada.

History
Maple Ridge was created on September 12, 1874.  It is the sixth oldest community in British Columbia.

Location
Maple Ridge is located in southern British Columbia.  It is to the east of Vancouver.

Maple Ridge is on the north shore of the Fraser River.

Communities
Maple Ridge is a District Municipality.  This means that there are several communities within the official borders of Maple Ridge.  These communities are: Albion, East Haney, Hammond, Haney, Port Haney, Ruskin, Silver Valley, The Ridge, Thornhill, Webster's Corners, Whonnock, and Yennadon.

Notable People
 Andrew Ladd - 2-time Stanley Cup winning ice hockey player

References 

Settlements in British Columbia
Club Atlético Belgrano is a football club that plays in Argentina.

Argentine football clubs
Córdoba, Argentina
1905 establishments in Argentina
Michael Clarke Duncan (December 10, 1957 – September 3, 2012) was an American actor who starred in movies and was a guest on television shows including: Two and a Half Men, The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, CSI: NY and Chuck.

Before movies 
Before he became an actor, Duncan was a bodyguard for celebrities including: LL Cool J, Jamie Foxx, Martin Lawrence, Will Smith and The Notorious B.I.G.. He quit because when his friend covered for him while watching Notorious B.I.G., Biggie died that night.

Movies 
Duncan became friends with Bruce Willis while he was acting with him in the movie Armageddon, This helped him get the role of "John Coffey" in The Green Mile. After getting that role he became a breakout star. He played the Kingpin in the movie Daredevil.

Health problems and death 
Duncan had a heart attack on July 13, 2012 and was rushed to the hospital. On September 3, 2012,  his publicist quoted Duncan's former fiancée, Omarosa Manigault Newman as saying that Duncan had died that morning at the age of 54.
References

Other websites 

Actors from Chicago
African-American movie actors
African-American television actors
African-American voice actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Saturn Award winners
1957 births
2012 deaths
A Children's Hearing is a legal hearing for children in Scotland. It is part of the country's justice and welfare systems. It takes into account the fact that children who commit crimes need the same sort of care as those who are victims of an offence or neglect. Only if a child has committed a serious crime will they be sent for trial in a normal court. For most cases they are sent to a children's panel. A panel is made up of three adults, with at least one member of each gender. The child's parent or guardian and their social worker will also be present at a hearing. 

The hearing or meeting usually happens around a table. The panel members are given information and reports and the child's circumstances are fully discussed before the panel reaches their decision. It’s unlike a regular hearing because the child can speak at any time during the meeting.
Panel members are very important in a child's life as they make many important decisions for the child. They are specially trained to deal with children and their families. At the end of the hearing they can decide to put a child in foster care, to send them to a children's home, residential school or secure accommodation, to tag them, or to keep the child with their parents and put them under the supervision of a social worker. However, the panel can not punish a child in any way: they can not inflict a fine upon the child or their parents.

Other websites 
 - Wiki about Children's Panels 

Children
Scots law
Papilioninae is a subfamily of butterflies.  It belongs in the family Papilionidae, the swallowtail butterflies.  The species are found worldwide.

The caterpillars feed on plants in the following families: Rosaceae, Apiaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, and Annonaceae.  Caterpillars that feed on Aristolochiaceae species become poisonous.  When they become adults, they are still poisonous.  Because of this, many butterflies in the families Papilionidae and Nymphalidae mimic Aristolochiaceae feeders.

Very few adult Papilioninae species migrate.  They spend the winter as chrysailds.
List of genera
Atrophaneura Reakirt, 1865
Battus Scopoli, 1777
Byasa Moore, 1882
Chilasa Moore, 1881
Cressida Swainson, 1832
Euryades Felder & Felder, 1864
Eurytides Hübner, 1821
Graphium Westwood, 1841
Iphiclides Hübner, 1819
Lamproptera Gray, 1832
Losaria Moore, 1902
Meandrusa Moore, 1888
Mimoides Brown, 1991
Ornithoptera Boisduval, 1832
Pachliopta Reakirt, 1865
Papilio Linnaeus, 1758
Parides Hübner, 1819
Pharmacophagus Haase, 1892
Praepapilio Durden and Rose, 1978†
Protesilaus Swainson, 1832
Protographium Munroe, 1961
Teinopalpus Hope, 1843
Trogonoptera Rippon, 1890
Troides Hübner, 1819

References

Other websites

Papilioninae at Wikispecies

Papilionidae
Carmit Bachar (born September 4, 1974) is an American singer, dancer and showgirl. She was a member of the Pussycat Dolls.

Singers from Los Angeles
The Pussycat Dolls members
1974 births
Living people
A lock is a part of a navigable waterway system that makes a water "channel" deep enough for vessels to use.  The lock controls pool depths, for example in a lock and dam system across a waterway. 

The lock is a place where boats that travel up or down a river or canal can be moved to the next higher or lower level.  Locks are built in places where the level of the water in the river or canal suddenly changes.  This may be because of a waterfall there, or because a dam or a weir has been built, or because some other thing is in the way.  The lock is like a big chamber with gates at each end.  They have lock gears which empty or fill the chamber with water.  Locks help a river to be more easily navigable (easier for boats to travel up and down), or for canals to be built across country that is not level.

How a lock works
How a lock works

If a boat that is travelling downstream (in the same direction that the water is flowing) arrives at a lock, this is what happens:
 The boat waits until the lock is full of water.  If a boat going the other way has just come out of the lock, the water level will be right and the gates will be open.  This will save time.
 The entrance gates (if shut) are opened and the boat sails in.
 The entrance gates are closed.
 A valve is opened, and water flows out of the chamber so that the boat goes down.
 When the water is at the level of the next bit of river, the exit gates are opened and the boat sails out.
If a boat that is travelling upstream (in the opposite direction to the water flow), the opposite happens:
 The boat waits until the water level is low.  If a boat going the other way has just come out of the lock, the water level will be right and the gates will be open.
 The entrance gates (if shut) are opened and the boat sails in.
 The entrance gates are closed.
 A valve is opened, and water pours in to the chamber so that the boat goes up.
 When the water is at the level of the next bit of river, the exit gates are opened and the boat sails out.

The whole process of going through a lock may take about 15 to 20 minutes, depending on whether the boat has to wait.  Some locks can take several boats at once, and the first one to enter may have to wait until other boats arrive.

Waterways
Gates
Ahl-e Haqq (Persian, translates to people of truth) is a Kurdish religious movement. It is mainly rooted in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as Lorestan and Kermanshah in Iran. Many members also live in the diaspora. In total, the followers are estimated to be around 1 million people.

The religion itself has elements of Shi'a Islam, Yazidi, and Alevi. Followers believe that their deity will be reincarnated seven times. The religion took the practice of Dhikr from Sufism. They also share common meals, and live together in a brotherly manner. Wladimir Fjodorowich Minorski was among the first to describe this religious community.

References

Religions
Kurdistan
Trench foot or fat foot is a medical condition that is caused by keeping feet in the cold, in dirty places, or in water for a long time. Trench foot was a big problem in the trenches of World War I. Many of the soldiers fighting got this condition.

The soldiers found it difficult to cope with the swelling wearing their boots but after realised that they could not get the boot on again as the foot had swollen to twice its size. Many men who suffered from it ending up having their feet amputated because they could not deal with the pain.

This can be treated by rubbing it to cause friction and if it is kept warm it can heal itself.

References

Diseases
Kutless is a Christian rock band formed in 2000.

History
The band chose the name "Kutless" from a Bible verse, Romans 6:23.  They chose this name because "[Jesus] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless.'"

Members
Current
Jon Micah Sumrall – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano (2000–present)
James Mead – lead guitar, backing vocals (2001–present)
Jeffrey Gilbert – drums (2005–present)
Dave Luetkenhoelter – bass guitar (2005–present)
Nick DePartee – guitar, backing vocals (2007–present)
Former
Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar (2000–2002)
Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar (2002–2005)
Kyle Mitchell – drums (2000–2005)
Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals (2000–2007)

Studio albums

References

American rock bands
American hard rock bands
Grunge bands
Christian rock bands
Musical groups from Oregon
Musical groups established in 2000
2000 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in Oregon
Leah Marie Remini (born June 15, 1970) is an American actress, best known for her role as Carrie Heffernan on the sitcom The King Of Queens.

References

1970 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Robert Arthur Allison (born December 3, 1937) is an American retired Racecar driver. He was the 1983 NASCAR Winston Cup champion. He is on the list of the 50 greatest NASCAR drivers.

References

Other websites

1937 births
Living people
American racecar drivers
Daytona 500 winners
Joseph Vernon "Big Joe" Turner  (May 18, 1911 – November 24, 1985) was an American blues singer. His musicals styles were rhythm and blues, blues, jump blues, jazz and even early rock and roll. His strong voice was able to be heard in noisy venues.

Early life
Turner was born in Kansas City, Missouri on May 18, 1911.He first discovered his love for music by when he went to church. He began singing on street corners for money, quitting school at the age of fourteen to begin working in Kansas City's nightclubs, first as a cook, and later as a singing bartender. He became known eventually as "The Singing Barman", and worked in such venues as The Kingfish Club and The Sunset, where he and his piano playing partner Pete Johnson became resident performers.
Career
Turner's career started in the late 1920s when he worked as bartender and singer in different Kansas City night clubs. In the early 1930s he met the piano player Pete Johnson and they started playing together. The partnership lasted till the late 1940s. Together they played in John Hammond's famous From Spiritual to Swing concert in 1938. There they met Meade Lux Lewis and Albert Ammons. The four often played in the Café Society and went on tour. In the 1940s he sang and recorded on the West coast. When singing with the Count Basie Big Band he was heard by the bosses of Atlantic Records and they signed with him. The time with Atlantic was Turner's most successful, having a lot of hit singles like "Honey Hush" and "T.V. Mama."  But he is most famous as an early pioneer of rock and roll music in the 1950s although he was then in his 40s.
Later career
One of his most famous songs during this time was  called "Shake, Rattle and Roll" and has been recorded by many other famous musicians including: Bill Haley, Elvis Presley, Fats Domino and The Beatles. During the '70s and '80s, Turner recorded for Norman Granz's jazz-oriented Pablo label. He toured and recorded till his death in 1985.

Death
On November 24, 1985, Turner died after having a heart attack in his Inglewood, California home. He was 74 years old.

Honors
In 1983 Turner was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. Two years after his death Big Joe Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Most famous recordings
 "Roll 'Em Pete" (1938)  Used for the million-dollar first scene in  Spike Lee's movie, Malcolm X
 "Chains Of Love" (1951) † (this was Turner's first million seller. The song was written by 'Nugetre' (words) and Van "Piano Man" Walls (music))
 "Honey Hush" (1953) †
 "Shake, Rattle and Roll" (1954) Inducted to the Blues Hall of Fame in 2001
 "Flip Flop and Fly" (1955) †
 "Cherry Red" (1956)
 "Corrine, Corrina" (1956) †
 "Wee Baby Blues" (1956) (a song Turner had been singing since his first days as musician)
 "Love Roller Coaster" (1956), with new lyrics to the Kansas City classic, "Morning Glory".

Tracks marked as † were million selling discs.
Albums
There are a lot of compilitions who gave an overview of his music:
Flip, Flop & Fly Pablo Recordings with the Count Basie Orchestra
Tell Me Pretty Baby Arhoolie Recordings from the late 1940s with Pete Johnson Orchestra
Joe Turner's Blues Topaz Jazz  Recordings from 1938 till 1946
Patcha, Patcha, All Night Long Pablo Recordings with Jimmy Witherspoon
Let´s Boogie All Night Long Vagabond Records  With the German boogie pianist Axel Zwingenberger
Shout, Rattle and Roll Proper  4 Cd box with recordings from the 1940s till the early 1950s
The Rhythm & Blues Years Atlantic Records  Recordings from the 1950s

References 

1911 births
1985 deaths
American blues singers
Singers from Kansas City, Missouri
American R&B singers
James Byron Dean (February 8, 1931 – September 30, 1955) was an American movie actor. He was best known for his part in a movie called Rebel Without a Cause. He was in two other movies East of Eden and Giant, both of which were huge successes. He got an Academy Award (Oscar) nomination after his death. He was the first person to get this  nomination posthumously (after they died).

Early life
James Dean was born in 1931 in Marion, Indiana, United States. His parents were called Winton Dean and Mildred Wilson. Six years later, the family moved to California, and James went to school in Los Angeles. He was very close to his mother. She died of cancer when he was nine, and James went to live with his aunt and uncle in Fairmount, Indiana. In high school, he became interested in drama and car racing. After he graduated, he moved back to California to live with his father and stepmother. He attended Santa Monica College and UCLA, but left college in 1951 to become a professional actor.
In an interview, Elizabeth Taylor told something which James Dean had said to her during their filming. After his mother’s death, when he was 11 years old, he was sexually harassed by a Protestant minister. This experience tortured him during all his whole childhood.

Death
In 1955, Dean was killed in a road crash while driving his sports car to a race. He was buried in Fairmount, Indiana.

References

Other websites

Actors from Indiana
American movie actors
American television actors
Bisexual people
LGBT actors
LGBT people from Indiana
Road accident deaths in California
1931 births
1955 deaths
Gregory Jack Biffle (born December 23, 1969) is an American racecar driver who raced in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, Xfinity Series and Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He drove for Roush Fenway Racing. He won championships in the Xfinity and Truck series and also won races in all three series.

1969 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Washington (state)
Heroes
Mario: Mario is the main character of the series. He is an Italian-American man, and was originally referred to as Jumpman in Donkey Kong. He is often portrayed having superhuman acrobatics.  In most of the Mario spin-offs, he is the most average character, and is a good choice for starters. He is usually portrayed today with his iconic hat with an M, while also wearing a red shirt and blue overalls. He also has his iconic brown mustache.
Luigi: Luigi is Mario's slightly taller brother. His abilities are usually the same as Mario's, but in some games Luigi can jump higher. Luigi is usually the sidekick, but was the hero in a few games such as Luigi's Mansion. His appearance is similar to Mario's, but instead wears a green shirt and hat with the letter L.
Rosalina: Rosalina is a princess from outer space. She first appears in the Mario game Super Mario Galaxy
Peach: Princess Peach is the Princess of the Mushroom Kingdom. Mario often saves her from Bowser in many of the Mario games. However, she may sometimes be the protagonist in the game, such as Super Princess Peach and Super Mario 3D World. She is shown wearing a pink dress and a crown on her head of yellow hair. She is also known as Princess Toadstool.
 Daisy:  Daisy is the Princess of Sarasaland. The first game that she was in was Super Mario Land. She dresses similarly as Peach, but with an orange dress and brown hair.
Yoshi:  Yoshi is a dinosaur that Mario rides in some games. He appeared in his own game, Yoshi's Island. He can have many colors.   
Toad:  Toad is a mushroom-shaped creature who appears in many Mario series games. He is just one of many toads. These creatures first appeared in Super Mario Bros., where they were called Mushroom Retainers.
Villains 
Bowser: Bowser is the King of Koopas, a turtle-like monster species, who was first seen in Super Mario Bros. He kidnaps Princess Peach many times, and is beaten by Mario.
Bowser Jr.: A wild son of Bowser who wants to be like his father. First seen in Super Mario Sunshine.
The Koopalings  :   Includes Iggy Koopa, Morton Koopa Jr. ,Lemmy Koopa,Ludwig Von Koopa,Larry Koopa, Roy Koopa, and Wendy O. Koopa
Wario: Wario is an evil version of Mario who quite likes money. He is short, fat, muscular, and wears yellow. Wario is voiced by Charles Martinet.
Waluigi: Waluigi is Wario's sidekick, and an evil version of Luigi. He is tall and thin, like Luigi, and wears purple. Waluigi is voiced by Charles Martinet.
Fawful:A Beansish creature with fury
Foreman Spike: A rival from Mario and Luigi's time as carpenters in Brooklyn. He is from Wrecking Crew.
 Petey Piranha: A giant Piranha Plant boss from Super Mario Sunshine.
Tatanga: Space alien who stole Princes daisy and took over the kingdom of Sarasaland in Super Mario Land.
 King Boo: A big Boo from Luigi's Mansion. King Boo is voiced by Toru Asakawa
 Dry Bowser: The Dry Bones variation of Bowser.
King Bob-omb: The king of the Bob-ombs. Has a Moustache.
Kamek:A powerful magic Koopa leader who raised Bowser and appears as the secondary villain of the Yoshi games.
Whomp King: The ruler of the whomps from Super Mario 64. He reappeared in Super Mario Galaxy 2.
Mr. L: A brainwashed Paper Luigi who appeared in Super Paper Mario.
Wart: The villain of Super Mario Brothers 2. He is a big toad whom you had to throw vegetables at to defeat.
Hammer Bro: A koopa which throws Hammers at Mario. With their Relatives,The Fire Bro, The Boomerang Bro And The Ice Bro.
Common enemies
Koopa Troopa: Koopa Troopas are turtle-like monsters that often work for Bowser, though in some games, they are friendly.  They are playable characters in some Mario sports games, such as Mario Kart.
Goomba: Goombas are mushroom shaped enemies that are the most common in the series. They are easily killed by jumping on their head.
Paratroopa: A flying version of a Koopa Troopa.
Paragoomba: A flying version of a Goomba.
Boo: Ghosts that stop moving when Mario looks at them. They show up in most Mario titles.
Piranha Plant: A hungry Venus Flytrap that hides in Warp Pipes
Dry Bones: A skeleton variation of the Koopa Troopa
Thwomp: Giant stone faces with spikes that try to crush Mario. Mostly seen in Super Mario games
Bullet Bill: An alive bullet that can be stood or jumped on. In some games will chase after Mario, but in most will just fly in a straight line
Chuckya: A bomb that can throw Mario
Bob-omb: A walking wind-up bomb
Mecha-Koopa: A wind-up turtle
Cheep Cheep: A red fish
Chain Chomp: A barking ball-and chain
Lakitu: A turtle who rides in a cloud. He sometimes throws things.
Spiny: A spiked turtle enemy commonly thrown by Lakitu
Blooper: A squid that follows Mario to try and beat him.
Buzzy Beetle: A beetle who walks forward and has a shell.
Pokey: A tall, cactus that always smiles. 
Shy Guy: A human shaped enemy who wears a hood and mask.
Other characters 
Donkey Kong: Donkey Kong is a big ape.  He first fought Mario in the arcade game Donkey Kong, before getting some games of his own as a hero.  He appears in many Mario spin-offs, including Mario Kart.
Birdo: One of the bosses in Super Mario Bros. 2. Birdo shows up in many Mario spin-off titles such as Mario Kart Wii and Mario Party 9. 
Diddy Kong: Donkey Kong's smaller sidekick in the Donkey Kong Country series.

Lists of fictional characters
Anna Moffo (June 27, 1932 - March 9, 2006) was an Italian American operatic soprano particularly associated with lyric-coloratura roles in Italian and French operas, she was admired as much for her vocal gifts as her great beauty and affecting stage presence.

Life and Career

Born in Wayne, Pennsylvania, to Italian parents, she first studied at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, with Eufemia Giannini-Gregory, and later at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome, Italy, with Mercedes Llopart and Luigi Ricci.
She made her operatic debut in Spoleto, Italy, in 1955, as Norina in Donizetti's Don Pasquale. Shortly after, she appeared in a television production of Puccini's Madama Butterfly, which made her an overnight sensation throughout Italy. She quickly appeared in other television productions (Falstaff, La sonnambula, Lucia di Lammermoor, La figlia del reggimento, La serva padrona) and was invited to sing at most of the major opera houses of Italy (Rome, Milan, Naples, Venice, Parma, etc.). As her reputation grew, she was invited to sing outside Italy, notably at the Aix-en-Provence Festival, the Salzburg Festival and the Vienna State Opera.
She made her American debut at the Chicago Lyric Opera in 1957, as Mimi in La bohème, opposite the great Swedish tenor Jussi Bjorling. Her Metropolitan Opera debut in New York took place on November 14, 1959, as Violetta in La traviata, a part that quickly became her signature role. She sang at the Metropolitan Opera for seventeen seasons to great acclaim in roles such as Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Gilda (Rigoletto), Mimi (La bohème), Marguerite (Faust), Juliet (Romeo and Juliet), Manon (Manon), the four heroines in Les contes d'Hoffmann, etc. She also sang in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, etc., while making several appearances on American television.
She pursued a successful international career as well, singing in Monte Carlo, London, Berlin, Stockholm, Mexico City, Buenos Aires, etc. She remained very popular in Italy and performed there often and hosted her own television program The Anna Moffo Show from 1960 to 1973. She also appeared in movie versions of opera such as La traviata (1968) and Lucia di Lammermoor (1971), directed by her husband Mario Lanfranchi, as well as a few non-operatic movies. 

Her career was cut short by vocal problems in the mid 1970s but she remained active in the opera world as a board member of the Metropolitan Opera Guild and by hosting galas and  giving occasional masterclasses. Moffo died in New York City of a stroke after a decade long battle with breast cancer at the age of 73. She is remembered as one of the most glamourous opera stars of her era.

A versatile and prolific recording artist she left a vast discography including opera, operetta, musical, art songs, pop songs, lieder, etc.
References
 Opera News, October 2009.

1932 births
2006 deaths
Sopranos
Italian opera singers
An entrepreneur is a person who organizes a venture to benefit from an opportunity, rather than working as an employee. Entrepreneurs play a key role in any economy.  These are the people who have the skills and initiative necessary to anticipate current and future needs and bring good new ideas to market. 

Entrepreneurs who are successful in taking on the risks of a startup are rewarded with profits, fame and continued growth opportunities.  Those who fail suffer losses and become less important in the markets. Many fail, lose money, and close the business.   The entrepreneur assumes all the risks and rewards of the venture and is usually the sole proprietary, a partner or the owner of the majority of shares in an incorporated venture.  As the main decision maker the entrepreneur monitors and controls the business activities.
According to Joseph Schumpeter (1883 - 1950) entrepreneurs regard profit as a standard for measuring achievement or success.  He discovered that they:
 Value self-reliance;
 Strive for distinction through excellence;
 Are highly optimistic;
 Favor challenges of medium risk.

Entrepreneurship is sometimes categorized among the factors of production, along with land/natural resources, labor and capital.  An entrepreneur combines these to manufacture goods or provide services.  He or she typically creates a business plan, hires labor, acquires resources and financing, and provides leadership and management for the business.

Entrepreneurs commonly face many obstacles when building their companies.

Given the riskiness of a new venture, the acquisition of capital funding is particularly challenging, and many entrepreneurs deal with it via bootstrapping.
While some entrepreneurs are lone players struggling to get small businesses off the ground on a shoestring, others take on partners armed with greater access to capital and other resources.

Definitions of Entrepreneurship 
Economists have never had a consistent definition of "entrepreneur" or "entrepreneurship" (the word "entrepreneur" comes from the French verb entreprendre, meaning "to undertake"). Though the concept of an entrepreneur existed and was known for centuries, the classical and neoclassical economists left entrepreneurs out of their formal models: 

They assumed that perfect information would be known to fully rational actors, leaving no room for risk-taking or discovery. It wasn't until the middle of the 20th century that economists seriously attempted to incorporate entrepreneurship into their models.
Three thinkers were central to the inclusion of entrepreneurs: Joseph Schumpeter, Frank Knight and Israel Kirzner. Schumpeter suggested that entrepreneurs – not just companies – were responsible for the creation of new things in the search of profit. Knight focused on entrepreneurs as the bearers of uncertainty and believed they were responsible for risk premiums in financial markets. Kirzner thought of entrepreneurship as a process that led to discovery.

References

Related pages 
Leadership
Business
QBasic is a programming language made by Microsoft which was included with Windows 95 and MS-DOS. QBasic is a more limited version of QuickBasic, released in 1985. While today considered almost obsolete, it is still a popular language for beginners and especially for educational purposes.

Example 
An example Hello World program in QBasic:

PRINT "Hello, World!"

References

Programming languages
Scratch is a block-based visual programming language and vector/raster graphics editor for children designed to create things such as games, animations, art, and stories. It allows them to explore and experiment with the ideas of computer programming by using "blocks" that are put together to make simple code. There is also a discussion page with multiple forums mainly used for chatting and help with coding.

Although made for children 8-16, Scratch can be used to produce simple or complex programs so it is worth learning to use by adults as well.
User interface
 
The area where the user can interact with is called the stage area. The stage area features all of the animations, graphics, drawings, and among other visual features. The list of sprites on screen are placed below the stage area to show a list of sprites that are usable for the program. The stage is organized through x and y coordinates, with the center coordinate (0, 0) placed in the center of the stage. The stage is 480 pixels wide and 360 pixels tall, with a range between x=-240 to x=240 in width and a range between y=-180 and y=180 in height.
From left to right, in the upper left area of the screen, there is a stage area, featuring the results (i.e., animations, turtle graphics, etc., everything either in small or normal size, full-screen also available) and all sprites thumbnails listed in the bottom area. The stage uses x and y coordinates, with 0,0 being the stage center. The stage is 480 pixels wide, and 360 pixels tall, x:240 being the far right, x:-240 being the far left, y:180 being the top, and y:-180 being the bottom.

References 

Programming languages
A ponytail is a common hairstyle. It is a tied back section of hair on the scalp.  It is held by a hair tie or clip, and hangs freely from that point. They are worn by people of any gender.

Hairstyles
Volkswagen Passat is a car produced by Volkswagen in 1973. It entered its seventh generation in 2010.

Passat Mk4
The Volkswagen Passat Mk4 is the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk4 replaced the Mk3 in 1993, and was replaced by the Mk5 in 1996.

Passat Mk5
The Volkswagen Passat Mk5 is the fifth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk5 replaced the Mk4 in 1996, and was replaced by the Mk6 in 2005.

Passat Mk6
The Volkswagen Passat Mk6 is the sixth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk6 replaced the Mk5 in 2005, and was replaced by the Mk7 in 2010.

Passat Mk7
The Volkswagen Passat Mk7 is the seventh generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk7 replaced the Mk6 in 2010. This is the current generation of the Volkswagen Passat.

Gallery

References

Front wheel drive vehicles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Volkswagen Golf Variant is a car produced by Volkswagen since 1993. It entered its fourth generation in 2009.

First generation (1993–1999)

Engines

Petrol engines  
 1.4 44 kW (60 hp)
 1.6 74 kW (101 hp)
 1.8 55 kW (75 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
 2.0 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.9 VR6 140 kW (190 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 D 47 kW (64 hp)
 1.9 SDI 47 kW (64 hp)
 1.9 TD 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.9 TDI 66 kW (90 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)

Second generation (1999–2006)

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.4 16V 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.6 74 kW (100 hp) and 75 kW (102 hp)
 1.6 16V 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.6 FSI 81 kW (110 hp)
 1.8 T 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.0 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.3 V5 110 kW (150 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
 2.8 V6 150 kW (204 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 SDI 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.9 TDI 66 kW (90 hp), 74 kW (100 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 85 kW (115 hp) and 96 kW (130 hp)

Third generation (2007–2009)

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.4 16V 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.4 TSI 90 kW (122 hp), 103 kW (140 hp), 118 kW (160 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
 1.6 75 kW (102 hp)
 2.0 147 kW (200 hp)
Diesel engines 
 1.9 TDI 77 kW (105 hp)
 2.0 TDI 100 kW (136 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)

Fourth generation (2009–present)

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 TSI 63 kW (85 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.4 16V 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.4 TSI 90 kW (122 hp) and 118 kW (160 hp)
 1.6 75 kW (102 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.6 TDI 66 kW (90 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 2.0 TDI 100 kW (136 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)

Golf Variant
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Northanger Abbey was the first completed novel written by Jane Austen. It is a coming-of-age novel and a satire of Gothic novels. Even though Northanger Abbey the first of Austen's novels completed in full, it was published after Austen's death in 1817 with Persuasion.

Plot 
A seventeen-year-old girl, Catherine Morland, travels with her rich relatives, Mr. and Mrs. Allen, to Bath in England. Innocent and inexperienced, Catherine Morland is a plump country girl with no friends in the city.  At first, she is disappointed, because she does not have anyone to dance with at the ball. Then she meets an exciting gentleman, Mr. Tilney. She falls in love with him, but the next day, he has disappeared. She is upset and sad. Then she meets a flirtatious girl named Isabella. This makes her happier.  She does not yet know all the evil intentions of her new friend.
Isabella introduces Catherine to the fun of reading gothic novels.  But Catherine believes they are true. She does not understand the difference between reality and fiction. Then she is introduced to Isabella's brother John Thorpe, who finds himself falling in love with her. He thinks Catherine likes him too. Catherine then meets Henry Tilney again, and is introduced to Miss Eleanor Tilney, his sister. She is a sensible, intelligent lady, who is much different from Isabella. Catherine also meets Miss Tilney's father, General Tilney.
Isabella joyfully tells Catherine of her engagement to Catherine's brother, James Morland.  Later, John Thorpe proposes to Catherine, but she does not realise he is asking her to marry him. Later, when Isabella tells her that John is in love with her, she is really surprised and says no immediately. Then Eleanor Tilney invites Catherine to Northanger Abbey. Catherine there learns that the gothic novels are wrong, and that Northanger Abbey is a perfectly normal place, and is not haunted.