Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Bridgewater Canal connects Runcorn, Manchester and Leigh, in North West England. It was started by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, to carry coal from his mines in Worsley to Manchester. It was opened in 1761 from Worsley to Manchester. Later it went from Manchester to Runcorn, and then from Worsley to Leigh.  It is connected to the Manchester Ship Canal by a lock at Cornbrook; to the Rochdale Canal in Manchester; to the Trent and Mersey Canal at Preston Brook, southeast of Runcorn; and to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Leigh.   

The Sankey Canal was built first, but the Bridgewater Canal became more famous and set a lot more canals going. It has an aqueduct to cross the River Irwell, and a tunnel at Worsley.

References

Canals in England
Buildings and structures in Greater Manchester
18th-century buildings and structures
Denniston Oliver "D. J." Moore Jr. (born April 14, 1997) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL).

Biography

College Career
He attended the University of Maryland and played for the Terrapins from 2015 to 2017.

Professional Career
He was selected by the Carolina Panthers as the 24th overall pick in the first round of the 2018 NFL Draft, making him the first wide receiver chosen in that draft. He later signed a 4-year contract with a signing bonus of $6.2 million.

In his second week against the Atlanta Falcons, he scored his first touchdown on his very first NFL reception. However, in the final seconds of the game, he missed catching a pass from his quarterback Cam Newton that could have sent the game into overtime. He finished his rookie season with 788 yards on 55 receptions and 2 touchdowns, earning a spot on the league's All-Rookie Team selected by the Pro Football Writers Association.
The following season, he became one of the main targets among the team's wide receivers, ending the season as the Panthers' top receiver with 1,175 receiving yards.

In March 2022, he signed a new 3-year contract worth $61.9 million with the Panthers.

In March 2023, the Panthers traded Moore, the 9th overall pick in the 2023 draft, and three other draft picks to the Chicago Bears in exchange for the first overall pick in the 2023 draft.

References 

1997 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Chicago Bears players
Carolina Panthers players
American football wide receivers
"Virtual Insanity" is a 1996 song by English funk band Jamiroquai and is the second single from their third studio album Travelling Without Moving. It went to number 1 in Iceland, number 3 in United Kingdom, number 4 in Scotland, number 5 in Italy, number 7 in Ireland, the Netherlands and Finland, number 16 in France, number 19 in Switzerland and number 15 in Belgium. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1998.

Track listings

 UK CD1 and Australian CD single
 "Virtual Insanity" – 4:04
 "Do You Know Where You're Coming From" (original mix) – 4:59
 "Bullet" – 4:19
 "Virtual Insanity" (album version) – 5:40

 UK CD2
 "Virtual Insanity" – 4:04
 "Space Cowboy" (classic radio) – 4:01
 "Emergency on Planet Earth" (London Rican Mix) – 7:10
 "Do You Know Where You're Coming From" – 4:59

 UK cassette single
 "Virtual Insanity" – 4:04
 "Virtual Insanity" (album version) – 5:40
 "Virtual Insanity" (Unreality Mix) – 3:54
European CD single
 "Virtual Insanity" – 4:04
 "Do You Know Where You're Coming From" (original mix) – 4:59

References

1996 songs
Jamiroquai songs
San Raffaele Cimena is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
San Sebastiano da Po is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.

Comunes of Turin
Nicholas David Pope (born 19 April 1992) is an English footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club Newcastle United and the England national team.

Pope started his career in Ipswich Town's youth teams. He joined Bury Town after being released at age 16. He signed for League One club Charlton Athletic in 2011, before being loaned to Harrow Borough, Welling United, Cambridge United, Aldershot Town, York City, and Bury. Pope joined Premier League club Burnley in 2016 and made his English debut two years later. He joined Newcastle United in 2022.

Notes

References 

English association football goalkeepers
1992 births
A moiré pattern is a type of pattern that appears when two similar patterns are overlaid on top of each other. The overlapping creates a new pattern that can be different from the original patterns. This new pattern is usually wavy and can be seen in various materials, such as textiles or photographs.

References 

Mathematics
"Who's Holding Donna Now" is a 1985 song by DeBarge and is the second single from their fourth studio album Rhythm of the Night. It went to number 6 in the United States, number 9 in Canada, number 29 in Ireland, number 44 in New Zealand, number 57 in Australia and number 83 in the United Kingdom.

References 

1985 songs
1980s ballads
R&B ballads
DeBarge songs
The Palácio Tiradentes (Portuguese for "Tiradentes Palace") is a historic building in the Centro neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is named in honor of the Brazilian revolutionary Tiradentes. It was the former seat of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, between 1926 and 1960, and is the current seat of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 

Legislatures of country subdivisions
National lower houses
Buildings and structures in Rio de Janeiro
1926 establishments
1920s establishments in Brazil
Brigada Mass Media Corporation (BMMC) is a newspaper company and media network in the Philippines. It is the first-ever local Tri-media organization to have emerged from the Soccsksargen area as a national network with its array of Brigada News FM stations. BMMC is part of Brigada Group of Companies of Entrepreneur Elmer Catulpos which also maintains seven newspaper editions in the Philippines, two TV Stations, distribution of food supplements, medicines, cosmetics and engine care, a drug pharmacy a garden resort and two public security agencies.

History

Brigada News Philippines (Newspaper)
 Brigada News General Santos
 Brigada News Davao
 Brigada News Cagayan de Oro
 Brigada News Zamboanga
 Brigada News Cebu
 Brigada News Baguio
 Brigada News Nationwide

Brigada News FM
Brigada News FM

Overview
Brigada News FM Stations are collectively known as Brigada News FM with its current taglines The Music and News Authority and In the Heart of Changing Lives. Currently, Brigada News FM has more than 60 owned and operated FM stations across the country, the most number of stations for a news-formatted radio network compared to their other networks in AM radio and more are planned to be opened.

Stations
Stations

Majority of BMMC's stations are acquired from Baycomms (prior to the merger in 2013), hence becoming Brigada's official broadcast licensee, except the following stations that are either acquired or operated under airtime lease agreement:
DWBM Mega Manila and DYAC Cebu: Owned by Mareco Broadcasting Network with Cebu station formerly used on 93.1 FM owned by Vimcontu Broadcasting Corporation from 2013 to 2023.
DXKX Davao: Owned by Primax Broadcasting Network
DWKM Naga and DWED Legazpi: Owned by Century Broadcasting Network.
DWLH Sorsogon: Acquired from Hypersonic Broadcasting Center.
DYMG Bacolod and DYKZ Dumaguete: Acquired by Armed Forces of the Philippines.
DWCL Pampanga: Owned by UBC Media Ministries, Inc.
Brigada News FM Zamboanga first utilized 93.1 under airtime lease from Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. in 2013 before moving to Baycomms-owned 89.9 in 2015.
DXEY Butuan: Owned by Nation Broadcasting Corporation.

Brigada TV

Analog

¹ - frequency used by DBS in Metro Manila

Digital

Cable TV
Digital

Cable TV

Products

References
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal runs from Leeds to Liverpool.  It is 127 miles (204 km) long. It goes over the Pennines.  There are 91 locks on the main line and several small branches.  It is the longest continuous canal in the United Kingdom.

It was started when people saw the success of  the Bridgewater Canal which opened in 1759–60.  It joins the Bridgewater Canal at Leigh, by a branch from Wigan.

James Brindley made the plan, but he died in 1772. Work was started on both sides of the Pennines.  This included some impressive engineering like  the Bingley Five Rise Locks, Bingley Three Rise Locks and the seven-arch aqueduct over the River Aire. Work stopped in 1781 because the money ran out.  It started again in in 1791, on a different route from the earlier plan, and the main line of the canal was finished in 1816.  This included the Foulridge Tunnel, which was 1,640 yards (1,500 m) long and was very expensive, and the Burnley Embankment, which is 1,350 yards (1,234 m) long and up to 60 feet (18 m) high.
The Huddersfield Narrow Canal and the Rochdale Canal crossed the Pennines before it was finished.

The most important cargo was always coal, with over a million tons per year being delivered to Liverpool in the 1860s. Because it could have wide boats it  competed successfully with the railways throughout the 19th century and stayed open through the 20th century.

In the Second World War a German bomb fell on it in Bootle.

In 2009 a new section was built, connecting it to the docks in the centre of Liverpool, which had become a centre of tourism.

References 

Canals in England
Buildings and structures in Lancashire
Buildings and structures in West Yorkshire
Buildings and structures in Merseyside
Lord Street is the main shopping street of Southport, in Merseyside. It is 1 mile (1.6 km) long, with a roundabout at each end . There are many gardens and architectural listed buildings along it with a mix of residential, commercial and public buildings. It was built in the early 19th century.

Napoleon III stayed on holiday nearby in 1846.  Lord Street is thought to be the inspiration for the tree-lined boulevards of Paris, built between 1854 and 1870.

References 

Buildings and structures in Merseyside
Roads in England
Southport
Misskey is open-source software for  . It was originally developed by "syuilo", a Japanese software engineer. When it was first developed the main service was a bulletin board, but the open-source community added short "Notes" and a timeline function. Those key features allowed the program and community to grow to its current size.

Overview
A user's post is called a Note. As with other distributed social networks, users can join or create servers. Each server is managed by different administrators, in different locations.   

The origin of the Misskey name is from the lyrics of , a song released by the Japanese singer .

History

Development
Misskey publishes its source code to GitHub. You can modify the code as long as you publish it based on AGPLv3. Since Misskey also publishes , you can create a personal application through the code. The translation is using .
Timeline
On 2014, development and operation were launched.
On April 8, 2018, became to use the ActivityPub protocol to communicate with each other server, and rename its codename "nighthike".
On April 14, 2019, version 11 was released. PostgreSQL was adopted as a database software, and renamed its codename "daybreak".
On February 6, 2020, version 12 was released. Rename its codename "indigo".
On January 16, 2023, version 13 was released. Rename its codename "nasubi". Added functions and Changed design drastically.

Technology
Code is written with TypeScript and Node.js.  is used as a database software.  is used as Web client since February, 2018. Misskey users can interact with users on any other server that supports .
Differences from Mastodon
Misskey and Mastodon are both distributed social networks based on ActivityPub.
But their programming languages and library are different. Their APIs are not compatible.
Mastodon's ideology takes a critical attitude to centralized SNSs such as Twitter and Facebook.
When it began, Misskey was not designed as a distributed social network, so its ideology isn't based on an anti-centralized attitude.

Related pages
ActivityPub
Mastodon

References

Social networking
Sowerby Bridge is a market town in the Upper Calder Valley in Calderdale.  It is named after the old bridge over the River Calder.

Towns in West Yorkshire
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees. In parts of North America, all urban highways are called boulevards. 

In French, it originally meant the flat surface of a rampart, and later a promenade taking the place of a demolished fortification.

Roads
Urban design
The Calder and Hebble Navigation is a broad waterway, with locks and bridges that are suitable for 14-foot-wide (4.3 m) boats, in West Yorkshire.

Improvements on  the River Calder and the River Hebble began in 1759,  The Rochdale Canal  joined it in 1804. This let boats go from Sowerby Bridge to Manchester.   It connects to the  Aire and Calder Navigation at Wakefield.  It joins the  Huddersfield Broad Canal near Mirfield. There were many alterations over the years, so now it is mostly seperate from the river. 

The locks were designed for Yorkshire Keels. They are among the shortest on the English connected waterways network, at 57 feet (17 m).

Since 1981 it has only been used by pleasure boats.

References 

Buildings and structures in West Yorkshire
Canals in England
The River Calder is a river in West Yorkshire. It starts above Todmorden, and drains an area of 369 square miles (957 km2).  It joins the River Aire near Castleford

Only a few bits of the river can be used by boats but they are connected by the Calder and Hebble Navigation, a popular leisure waterway which is part of the connected inland waterway network of England and Wales.

Many woolen mills were built along its banks, particularly at Dewsbury and Wakefield, but also in the smaller towns of Brighouse, Hebden Bridge, Sowerby Bridge and Todmorden. It used to have salmon, but they were killed by pollution in the mid 19th century.  In 2008 they were seen again. 

At Wakefield's there is a nine-arched bridge, 320 feet (98 m) long,  built in sandstone between 1342 and 1356.

References 

Rivers of England
West Yorkshire
Shang Dynasty 
During the Shang dynasty in China, people believed in many gods. The most important god was called "Shangdi," but some people thought of Shangdi as just a part of the natural order of things, which they called "Tiandao." They believed that the emperor did not have control over this natural order. During Shang sacrifices, people didn't offer sacrifices to the emperor, but they would ask for the emperor's help. The Shang people believed in ghosts and gods, which was similar to what people believed in prehistoric times. They didn't use religion as a way to control people like some later dynasties did..
The Zhou dynasty of ancient China believed in the divinity of Shangdi, the supreme god, and diminished the importance of other ancestral and natural gods that were worshipped during the previous dynasty. The king of Zhou set up an "imperial registry" to worship God, and built a god of the land with chestnut wood to inspire fear in the people. The Zhou also created an "imperial court" as the emperor's office. The Zhou believed that the emperor could send down a great Lu order to protect his house and people. The world of the gods, mainly the "emperor" and "heaven," became the foundation for the kingship of the Zhou Dynasty. They established the concept of rule with "Mandate of Heaven" as the core, and the king was referred to as "Son of Heaven." This practice of the Zhou was Shendao's establishment of religion, which became a tool for political rule and adapted to the needs of patriarchal kingship
.Confucianism,, on the other hand, believed in the fear of heaven, adults, and the words of the saints, but did not believe in gods.
Belief, worship and ritual 
Shendao is a religion that believes in ghosts and gods. It originated from the Tuan Chuan of the  Zhou Yi. The ancient Chinese rulers used religious beliefs to strengthen their power, which is called the divine right of "Heaven and Man". This involved using practices like sacrifice and divination to gain support from the people. However, some thinkers did not believe in ghosts and gods, like Fan Zhen. He still believed in the importance of Shendao as a way to govern the country, bring peace to the people, and change traditions.

Other pages 

 Sacrifice to Heaven
 Sacrifice to Taishan
 Noble lie
 American civil religion
 State Shinto

Notes

Sources 

Religious Confucianism
Confucianism
Articles containing Chinese-language text
Tiandao (; Vietnamese: Thiên Đạo, Japanese: Tendō) is a Chinese word used in many philosophical and religious contexts in China and the Sinosphere. It can also refer specifically to:
 Tao, often referred to as Tiandao, is an important concept passed down from ancient Chinese thinkers to the present day.
 Cheondoism，also known by the name Tiandao as the Chinese reading of its name
The Book of Rites, also called the Liji, is a group of writings that explain the customs, rules, and ceremonies of the Zhou dynasty during the Warring States and early Han periods. The Book of Rites, the Rites of Zhou, and the Ettiquette and Ceremonial are called the "Three Li," and together make up the ritual section of the Five Classics. These are important texts in Confucianism, which is a way of thinking that values ethics and education. Some people believe that the Book of Rites was originally called the Classic of Rites or Lijing, but its name was changed later by Dai Sheng.

References

Confucianism
(富山中教院) is a small shrine in Toyama City, Japan. The shrine's grounds were originally a Buddhist temple of the Jōdo Shinshū sect, but it was later converted into a Chukyoin in 1873.  

Chukyoin was a type of institution created to promote the teachings of the Taikyo Institute. There was one on each capital of a Prefecture of Japan..   

The Taikyo Institute, literally  had sub institutions across Japan called  and . Every prefecture had its own Chukyoin in its capital and this was the one of Toyama Prefecture. Shokyoins were scattered all across the country. The size comparison resembles the words for University, Middle school, and Elementary school. 

All of them however promoted the same Taikyo proclamation teachings.

In 1875 the Taikyo Institute was closed, and the building became an office of the Bureau of Shinto Affairs. Then in 1882 it became a Jingukyo office.

Around the Chukyoin site, there was a night market that became famous in 1904.
In 1925, the Chukyoin was relocated near Toyama Gokoku Shrine to make way for a new streetcar line. Only a small shrine remains at the original location, as the streetcar was later removed.

The Chukyoin (now affiliated with Jingukyo) was completely destroyed on August 2, 1945 during an air raid.

During World War II the night market was damaged and unused until its repair in 1950. It was still operational in 1999. and 2011

After the war people rebuilt the shrine on its original location. The shrine can be found next to the bus stop Chukyoin Mae. It is known as the smallest shrine in Japan.

The shrine building was rennovated in 2020.

Other pages

 Toyama Gokoku Shrine
 Taikyo Institute

Sources

Shinto shrines
Taikyo Institute
Shinto shrines in Toyama Prefecture
Shrines in Toyama
1873 establishments in Japan
Toyama Gokoku Shrine (富山縣護國神社, Toyamaken gokoku jinja)  is a Gokoku shrine that is located in Toyama, a city in Toyama Prefecture in Japan. The shrine is dedicated to the kami or spirits of those who died as martyrs serving their country. The shrine's annual festivals are celebrated on April 25 and October 5. It was established in 1913.

Other pages

Other websites 

 Official website

Shinto shrines
Gokoku shrines
Shinto shrines in Toyama Prefecture
Shrines in Toyama
Gokoko shrines are Japanese shinto shrines made to for people who died in wars. They are considered "branches" of Yasukuni Shrine. They used to be called Shokonsha but the name was changed in 1939.

List of Gokoku Shrines

References

Pages with unreviewed translations
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Gokoku shrines
Unity of Heaven and humanity is an old philosophical concept in China that can be found in various Chinese religions and philosophies. The main idea is that things like human ethics, physiology, and politics reflect Tian, which means "heaven" or "nature".

History 
The concept of unity of heaven and humanity has its roots in ancient Chinese religion, where people believed in spirits and experienced trances. This early shamanistic experience can still be observed in present-day Chinese folk religion. The idea was first mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period and was further developed in Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.

Confucianism 
Dong Zhongshu referenced the concept as "heaven and mankind induction" during the Han Dynasty, while the Cheng-Zhu school of Neo-Confucianism believed it was based on the theory of the Divine Principle.
Daoism 
In Daoism, the concept of Tian or "Heaven" is viewed as nature, and humans are considered to be a part of nature. The saying goes, "If there is man, there is also heaven; if there is heaven, there is also man." This belief reflects the idea that heaven and earth are interconnected and all things in the world are unified. As the philosopher Zhuangzi stated, "Heaven and earth were born with me, and all things are one with me."
Chinese medicine 
The Huangdi Neijing is a traditional Chinese medicine text that supports the idea of the unity of Heaven and humanity. According to the text, humans are connected to nature and should be in harmony with the four seasons. The text emphasizes that humans participate in and are one with heaven and earth. It states that humans have a unified origin, properties, structure, and laws with heaven, which is considered an objective existence independent of human spiritual consciousness. The text also suggests that humans have spiritual consciousness and are a subject with it.
Outside Chinese thought 
The concept of "unity of God and humanity" in the Western world is similar to the Chinese idea of "unity of Heaven and humanity," but there are some differences. In ancient Greece, only a sorcerer with special powers could achieve the "unity of God and humanity." In Christianity, anyone who confesses their sins and accepts Jesus Christ as God's only Son can become a child of God and enter eternal life. The Islamic view emphasizes that believers should observe "good works."

In Indian culture, the central theme of the Upanishads, which are great classic texts, is the unity of Brahman (Moksha). This principle is practiced by profound yogis and is similar to the Chinese idea of the unity of heaven and humanity.

Other pages 

 Unity of knowledge and action
 Unity of religion and rule
 Pavilion of Harmony
 Microcosm–macrocosm analogy

Sources 

Taoism
Religion in China
Religious Confucianism
Articles containing Chinese-language text
The Regulations for Shrine Parishioner Registration were rules made by the Council of State (Dajōkan) in Japan. They were in place for two years from 1871 to 1873. The rules required everyone to register at shinto shrines. This was similar to an earlier system called the  which did the same for Buddhist temples.

The official name of the law is  .

Overview 
The law had seven parts. The first part said that when a baby was born, the parents had to tell the village head. Then, they had to take the baby to the local shrine to get a special amulet. This amulet had to stay with the baby. If someone did not have this amulet, they had to tell the village head their name, birthdate, where they were born, and their father's name. The village head would then get an amulet for them. The village head would check the amulets every six years when they did a registration exercise. If someone died, their amulet had to go back to the shrine priest.
Another set of rules was made at the same time called Regulations for Rural District Shrines. This set of rules said that each district had to have one rural district shrine responsible for overseeing registration. These rules were supposed to register all newborn babies. Some people think that these rules were also supposed to make shrines like temples from earlier times in Japan. These rules only lasted for two years, but the rules for district shrines lasted until after World War II. The Shrine Consolidation Policy merged shrines together for this purpose.

Other pages

 Shrine Consolidation Policy

References 

State Shinto
Friedrich Paulus was a German field marshal served the Wehrmacht during World War II.

1890 births
1957 deaths
German generals of World War II
The  was a Japanese Institution and part of the Ministry of Religion in the Empire of Japan.

History 
The Taikyo Institute was established in 1872 with the aim of training kyōdo shōku or religious teachers. This was because the Missionary Office and Department of Divinities were not successful in their national indoctrination objectives. The institute was originally intended as a joint organization between Shinto and Buddhism, but eventually became completely dominated by Shinto. 

On January 1, 1875, there was a fire at the Taikyo Institute caused by arson. This caused confusion and led to four Jōdo Shinshū sects announcing informally that they were leaving the Taikyo Institute..

On May 3, 1875, the Great Teaching Institute was disbanded by the Ministry of Religion and was replaced by the Bureau of Shinto Affairs and later Shinto Taikyo.

The "Great Teaching" and "Taikyo Proclamation" use the same word, as does "Taikyo" in "Shinto Taikyo".

Other pages
Other pages 

 Bureau of Shinto Affairs
 Shintō Taikyō
 Kyodo Shoku
 Sect Shinto

Sources

Other websites 

 Shinto Taikyo (sect of Shinto) 

Articles containing Japanese-language text
Taikyo Institute
State Shinto
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire. It is on the River Calder. A bit of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway goes there. It is to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds.

It was an important centre for wool milling.  They collected used woollen items,  mixed them with new wool and made heavy blankets and uniforms.

Dewsbury Minster is near the River Calder. Some of it was built in the 13th century.  The market was set up in the 14th century.

In 1770, a short branch of the Calder and Hebble Navigation reached the town.  That helped the mills because the boats could get to  to Manchester and Hull.

The town now has a large Muslim community.

References 

Towns in West Yorkshire
The Shrine Consolidation Policy was a plan by the Meiji Japanese government to get rid of many small Shinto shrines and combine their duties with bigger regional shrines.. In 1900, a government branch called the Bureau of Shrines (Jinja kyoku) was formed as part of the Home Ministry. This branch was in charge of carrying out the Shrine Consolidation Policy.

The Shrine Consolidation Policy was made to decrease the power of Shinto, and the government wanted to control the remaining shrines. The goal was to make the shrines easier to manage. Even though many people didn't like it, 77,899 Shinto shrines were closed in the first twenty years of the policy. The Shrine Consolidation Policy was in effect until the end of World War II, but it had the biggest impact in the first six years after it started in 1906. By 1912, the number of shrines that were closed decreased significantly.
Overview 
To strengthen shrines, the government either moved the deities from smaller shrines to larger ones or combined multiple shrines' deities into one shrine. The result was fewer, larger shrines under government control.
Some intellectuals and politicians resisted the merger policy, leading to its eventual eschewal by the Bureau of Shrines.

Shrine merger at the end of the Meiji period

Purpose of Shrine merger 

The "Shrine merger" policy aimed to decrease the number of shrines in Japan and focus resources on those remaining. This was done to ensure that the remaining shrines had facilities and properties that met a certain standard, and to maintain their dignity while establishing their continuous management. Additionally, the Meiji government recognized sect Shinto as a religion, but considered shrines as "national religious ceremonies" rather than religious. The policy of reducing the number of shrines was also implemented to make it financially possible for local governments to provide public funds to prefectural shrines and smaller shrines, according to the Ministry of the Interior.
The Ministry of Home Affairs' Bureau of Shrines was responsible for implementing this policy. However, it seems that the Ministry's Regional Bureaus also played a role. These local bureaus were not willing to let local governments use public funds to support shrines below the prefectural level, which was one of the goals of merging shrines. This was because it would increase the financial burden on the local governments. Nevertheless, this was still included in the policy.

The "shrine-centered theory" is the belief that local communities in Japan should focus on their shrines as a way to promote self-governance. This led to a policy of enshrining one shrine per town or village, which was called "one town, one village, one shrine." By using the Ujiko area associated with the shrine to align with administrative divisions, the government aimed to make the shrine the central hub of local activities.
Background of the ritual policy 
In 1906, the Japanese Minister of the Interior, Takashi Hara, created a policy called the "shrine ritual policy." This policy aimed to regulate how people used shrines in Japan. At first, it was not strictly enforced, but later, the Minister of Interior of the Second Katsura Cabinet, Tosuke Hirata, made it stronger. Consequently, many shrines were demolished, especially in Mie, Wakayama, and Ehime prefectures. However, the degree of implementation varied in different regions, and some areas, like Kyoto, did not see significant changes. By 1914, about 200,000 shrines were affected nationwide, as 70,000 of them were destroyed.
The shrine consolidation policy, which was based on bureaucratic rationalism, was not always implemented in accordance with the wishes of the shrine parishioners and worshippers. Settlements and administrative divisions did not always match, which resulted in some Ujigami being moved to places far from their worshippers due to the shrine mergers. As a result, some Ujigami were unable to be worshipped. Although some shrine parishioners refused to worship, in some places they were forced to worship.

Opposition movement 
The parishioners and worshippers of the affected shrines did sometimes hold meetings to voice their opposition, but for the most part, they couldn't fight against the policy. Their dissatisfaction was often expressed in the form of stories about how the deities of the abolished shrines caused supernatural occurrences or hauntings.
That said, intellectuals such as Kumagusu Minakata, a naturalist and folklore scholar known for his research on slime molds, strongly opposed this policy. In the south, the shrine merger movement was

 weakening the godly thought,
 hindering the harmony of the people,
 debilitating the regions,
 depriving the people of comfort, diminishing humanity and harming customs,
 damaging patriotism, and
 damaging security of the land.
 historic sites and ancient traditions would be destroyed
 natural landscapes and natural monuments would be destroyed.

The opposition movements against the Shrine Consolidation Policy eventually stopped, and the Imperial Diet responded by temporarily halting the sudden increase in shrine merging after 1910 (1910-1943). However, the policy had already caused significant damage, resulting in the loss of many rituals and customs, and harming religious beliefs. Although the policy was eventually halted, the damage caused by it was significant and long-lasting.
Reconstruction of destroyed shrines 

After World War II, the system of non-religious shrines that existed before the war was abolished, and all shrines became religious corporations. Many shrines that were previously merged were later restored. Even after a shrine was officially enshrined, some of its facilities were left behind, making it easier to restore them. It was generally easier to restore shrines in places where the traditional reverence for the shrine was maintained, but if the community that supported the shrine disappeared or changed due to changes in administrative boundaries or other circumstances, restoration was more difficult.

Other pages 

 Shinto
 State Shinto
 Glossary of Shinto
 Haibutsu kishaku
 Shinbutsu bunri
 Shinbutsu-shūgō

Sources 

Pages with unreviewed translations
State Shinto
Shinto shrines
Herschel Greer Stadium was a baseball park in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the home stadium of the Nashville Sounds, who are a Minor League Baseball team. It opened on April 26, 1978. The Sounds played there for 37 years. Their last game was on August 27, 2014. In 2015, the Sounds began to play at a new stadium called First Horizon Park. Greer Stadium was demolished to become part of a park in 2019.

The ballpark was built for the the Nashville Sounds, but other sports teams have also played at the stadium. Another baseball team, the Nashville Xpress, played there in 1993 and 1994 at the same time as the Sounds. The stadium was famous for having a scoreboard shaped like a guitar.

References
Specific

General

Other websites

1970s establishments in Tennessee
2019 disestablishments in the United States
Baseball stadiums
Buildings and structures in Tennessee
Sports in Nashville, Tennessee
The International Phonetic Association is an organization that promotes the scientific study of phonetics and  practical applications of that science. It started in Paris in 1886. It developed the International Phonetic Alphabet—a standard for the phonetic representation of all languages. The acronym IPA refers to both the association and the alphabet. On 30 June 2015, it was incorporated as a British private company limited by guarantee. Its offices are in London.

References 

Language transcription
Scientific organisations based in the United Kingdom
Mosfilm is one of the largest and oldest  film studios in  Russia and in Europe. It was started in 1924 in the USSR when there was a monopoly on movie production.

It was set up in Moscow in 1920 and rebuilt in 1927. By the end of the Soviet Union it had produced more than 3,000 films.  It continues as a private company. 

See also :Category:Russian silent movies

Soviet movies

References
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is a measure of a firm's profit that includes all incomes and expenses except interest and income tax.  It is used as a measure of the money a business really makes.

References

Accounting
Oyagami (祖神) is a Japanese literally meaning "parent deity." It sometimes expresses the belief that kami, or divine beings, care for human beings in the same way that human parents care for their children, similar to how God the father expresses that. This concept can be found in two forms: an abstract idea that has been around since ancient times, and a more codified concept that developed within certain Shinto sects and new religions.

Some Shinto sects believe that the entire world or cosmos is a living entity, full of vitality and productive power that originates from the oyagami, which is the ultimate existence that gives birth to everything. According to this belief, humans are "offspring of the kami" and have been given life by them. This doctrine suggests that humans have the potential to become kami themselves, as they are originally made of the same substance as the divine beings.
In the Tenrikyō new religion, the main deity is called "Oyagami," and the sect's founder is known as "Oyasama." This use of the word "parent" before the name of the kami being worshipped is believed to reflect the traditional Japanese understanding of the meaning of divine beings. Overall, the concept of oyagami emphasizes the close relationship between humans and kami and the belief that divine beings care for humans like parents care for their children.

Ancestral deities 

The Imperial Household and Uji clans believe in ancestor gods from a long time ago. They are considered the god or person that started the family line. The clan is a group of people who feel like they are family because they have the same ancestor god. This idea used to be very important, but over time it became less important. The clan gods used to be based on family ties, but later became more connected to the land they lived on, and were like other local gods.

Other uses 
The word means "parent god".
It is the title God goes by in Tenrikyo.

Other pages

References 

Goryō faith
Shinto
Pages with unreviewed translations
Veneration of the dead
Tenrikyo
Tutelary deities
Gods and goddesses of Japan
A tutelary deity is a deity or spirit that serves as a guardian of a thing. That thing can range from a country to an occupation. 

In ancient Greek and Roman religions, there were special gods called tutelary deities. One type of tutelary deity was called the genius. The genius was like a personal guardian spirit that was with a person from the time they were born until they died.

Another type of personal guardian spirit is called a familiar spirit. This type of spirit is found in European folklore.

Related pages 
Patron saint

References
The United Team of Germany was a combined team from West Germany and East Germany that competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Winter and Summer Olympic Games. In the 1968 Winter Olympics, East and West Germany competed as separate teams but they both used the same  compromise Olympic flag and Beethoven anthem. From  the 1972 Winter Olympics the two teams competed separately with separate flags and anthems.

References 

Nations at the Olympics
Olympic Games in Germany
The  was an organization in Japan that succeeded the Taikyo Institute in 1875. The Bureau of Shinto Affairs was an organization during the Meiji era that united different Shinto groups across Japan. It was a public institution and had a student dormitory to train priests. It was also responsible for accrediting Sect Shinto.

The Bureau of Shinto Affairs trained priests but faced conflicts over differences in beliefs. This led to the Ise sect becoming more prominent and the Izumo sect being marginalized.

In 1882, the Bureau of Shinto Affairs was turned into a Shinto sect due to a government ordinance requiring the separation of shrine priests and missionaries or theologians. As a result, in 1884, the missionaries of both Shinto and Buddhism were suppressed. The government then established the Office of Japanese Classics Research as a replacement for the Bureau.

In 1886, the Bureau of Shinto Affairs reorganized itself as the Shinto Headquarters (Shinto Honkyoku) and later changed its name to Shinto Taikyo.
In 1912, a group called The Thirteen Schools of Shinto including the Shinto Headquarters joined together to create the Kyoha Shinto Rengokai (Association of Sectarian Shinto)..

Other pages 

 Great Teaching Institute
 Shinto Taikyo
 Kyodo Shoku
 Sect Shinto

References

Other websites 

 Shinto Taikyo (sect of Shinto) 

Pages with unreviewed translations
State Shinto
Shinto
Taikyo Institute
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Jingūkyō was a Shinto organization that was established during the Meiji era in Japan. While it was not included as one of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, it possessed characteristics of sect Shinto until the mid-Meiji period. It was organized by Urata Nagatami and others, with Tanaka Yoritsune as its first Superintendent.

In 1872, Urata Nagatami asked for permission to start a Shinto church called Jingū Kyōkai, shortly after the Ministry of Religion was created. He opened teaching centers and religious groups to organize his disciples, then combined them under the name Divine Wind Religious Association in 1873. Popular pilgrimage groups that were already established were also included. The Jingūkyo Institute started spreading its teachings throughout the country after the dissolution of the Daikyōin in 1875.
In 1882, the Kyodo Shoku was abolished, which led to the Jingūkyo Institute declaring itself independent from the official Grand Shrine Administration Office and renaming itself Jingūkyō. Tanaka Yoritsune became the first superintendent after Urata resigned. Membership increased until the late 1880s, but there was little growth afterward. In 1898, Japan's Civil Law was passed, and there was a movement to make the Jingūkyō a service organization for the Grand Shrines of Ise. As a result, the Jingūkyō was reorganized into the Jingū Hōsaikai in September 1899.

It was reorganized as such in part because it had a major burden of distrubiting Jingu Taima and this was criticized as that was used all across Japan.

The Jingū Hōsaikai still follows the same basic ideals as Jingūkyō, focusing on the Grand Shrines of Ise, Emperor worship, studying kokugaku. Even today, the legacy of Jingūkyō can be seen in Japanese society and culture.
With the help of the National Association of Shinto Priests, the Office of Japanese Classics Research it founded the Association of Shinto Shrines.

References 

Pages with unreviewed translations
Shinto
Articles containing Japanese-language text
13 Shinto Sects
The  was a proclamation by Emperor Meiji on January 3, 1870.

Three Great Teachings 
The proclamation had three great teachings, also known as the Great Doctrine, or the Taikyo.

 respect for the gods, love of country;
 making clear the principles of Heaven and the Way of Man;
 reverence for the emperor and obedience to the will of the court.

The Taikyo Institute was founded to promote these teachings

Related pages 

 Kyodo Shoku
 Missionary Office
 Shendao Shejiao
 Unity of religion and rule

References 

Pages with unreviewed translations
Taikyo Institute
State Shinto
Articles containing Japanese-language text
is a school of Pure Land Buddhism. Shinran founded it in the 1200s. 

Jodo Shinshu is the biggest Buddhist group in Japan.

References

Other websites 

 List of Jodo Shinshu Organisations with Links
 Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, Dharma for the Modern Age A basic portal with links.
 Homepage for Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha Hongwanji International Center - English
 Buddhist Churches of America Includes basic information, shopping for Shin Buddhist ritual implements, and links to various Shin churches in America.
 Jodo Shinshu Buddhist Temples of Canada National website, includes links and addresses of Shin temples throughout Canada.
 Institute of Buddhist Studies: Seminary and Graduate School
 Jodo Shinshu Honganji-ha. Shinran Works The collected works of Shinran, including the Kyōgōshinshō.
 nembutsu.info: Journal of Shin Buddhism
 The Way of Jodo Shinshu: Reflections on the Hymns of Shinran Shonin

Articles containing Japanese-language text
Buddhism
The Association of Shinto Shrines is a Shinto organization. It is the largest shinto organization with over 80,000 shrines.

It was founded by the Jingukyo, the National Association of Shinto Priests, and the Office of Japanese Classics Research at the end of World War II.

References

Other websites 

 Official english website

Shinto
Organizations based in Tokyo
Thun-Saint-Amand () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,119 people lived there.

Other websites 

 INSEE commune file

References

Communes in Nord
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry across the world. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland.  It was started in Italy in 1933 by Francesco Braga. It has its main office in London, with more local offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.

It has more than 8,000 members and operating in over 70 countries.

It started by  promoting laws and copyrights and "to protect the largely British-based recording industry" by promoting rights in gramophone sound recordings.

In  1961 it helped to set up an international standard for the protection of sound recordings, live performances and broadcasts.  The United States did not recognise a separate sound recording copyright until 1971.

References 

International organizations
Trade associations
Tromsø Airport, Skattøra was an airport in Norway that was built on water. It was used as a military air base. It was constructed in 1938 and was used until 1975. During the Second World War, it was used by the German Luftwaffe and they made it the center for their seaplane fleet in the North Atlantic. After the war, it was taken over by the Royal Norwegian Air Force and became a main air station until 1959. It also had civilian traffic from 1946, with airlines like Scandinavian Airlines and Widerøe. The airport closed in 1975 and is no longer in use.

References 

Airports in Europe
Tromsø
Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska are fictional characters from the television show Gotham and are its version of The Joker. They are played by Cameron Monaghan.

Season One
In the episode The Blind Fortune Teller, Detective James Gordon looks into the murder of a female snake dancer at a circus and talks to her eighteen year old son Jerome Valeska. At the end of the episode, it turns out Jerome killed her for fun and when he’s caught, he admits it and laughs.
Season Two
Jerome Valeska is broken out of Arkham Asylum for the Criminally Insane by the new villain and becomes the leader of a gang of terrorists who call themselves Maniax! and they kill the Mayor, they kill the person in charge of the Police, they massacre the police station and they steal a bus full of high school cheerleaders and try to kill them with explosives. Jerome also kills his father a blind fortune teller. Jerome kills a magician and pretends to be him so that he can try to kill Bruce Wayne. Jerome kills the other terrorists for fun once he doesn’t need them anymore and he tries to kill Bruce. But then Theodore Galavan, who broke Jerome out of Arkham, kills Jerome so that Bruce will trust him.
Season Three
A cult which worships Jerome Valeska finds his body and uses a machine they stole from mad scientist Hugo Strange to bring him back to life. When it doesn’t work, the cult leader cuts off Jerome’s face and wears it like a mask. Then Jerome comes back to life, kills the cult leader and takes the mask back. Then Jerome shuts down all the electricity in all of Gotham City and people start rioting. Jerome then kidnaps Bruce Wayne and takes him to his circus which he took over to kill him. And Jerome tells Bruce what he wants is to prove that everyone is evil and that “there are no heroes in Gotham”. Jerome also tries to have Alfred Pennyworth murdered. Bruce manages to fight Jerome and beat him but he refuses to kill him even after Jerome loses his face in the fight. The police send Jerome to a hospital where he gets plastic surgery to get his face back and then put him back in Arkham Asylum.

Season Four
After The Penguin is sent to Arkham Asylum for murder he meets Jerome Valeska who wants The Penguin to be the supervillain everyone says he is and when he’s not, he has everyone else attack, threaten, harass beat up and bully The Penguin to get him to show how dangerous he is. When that doesn’t happen Jerome decides to kill the Penguin but the Penguin outsmarts him, fights him, while miming, and beats him and after that Jerome starts to respect The Penguin. Later Jerome escapes with the Scarecrow, The Mad Hatter and other violent supercriminals and starts his own team called The Legion of Horribles with The Penguin Solomon Grundy, Firefly and Victor Freeze. Scarecrow creates a poison gas for Jerome that causes insanity and Jerome kidnaps the Mayor and city council and says that he’ll kill them unless his identical twin brother Jeremiah Valeska and his enemy Bruce Wayne surrender to him
. Jeremiah refuses to do that until Bruce convinces him that it’s the right thing and Jerome tries to kill them both but Captain James Gordon rescues them. So instead Jerome decides to drop his insanity gas from a blimp so that everyone will be violent and insane. The Penguin then decides to tell Captain Gordon but Gordon ignores him since he doesn’t trust The Penguin.