Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Emma Nadine Stevens (born May 4, 1986) is an English singer-songwriter.

Early life
Stevens was born in Guildford. She grew up in Shalford.

Other websites
Official website

1986 births
Living people
British folk musicians
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Surrey
Church of Misery (チャーチ・オブ・ミザリー Chāchi obu Mizarī?) is a doom metal band from Tokyo, Japan. Most of their songs are about serial killers. Their first album was released in 2001.

References

1995 establishments in Japan
Doom metal bands
Japanese heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1995
Rossiyane () is a Russian language word that refers to all citizens of Russia. They were mostly born in Russia and mostly live in Russia. It is used in the Russian language to differentiate between people of Russia of all ethnic origins and Russians as an ethnicity (Russian plural: русские russkiye). It includes Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash people, Chechens, etc. Rossiyane have a common history and share a common Russia-related culture. In English the word Russians is ambiguous.

Rossiyanin () is the masculine form and Rossiyanka () is feminine.

References
The Cucujiformia is an infraorder of polyphagan beetles. It includes most plant-eating beetles.

It has six superfamilies:
 Chrysomeloidea ~7 families including longhorn beetles & leaf beetles
 Cleroidea checkered beetles, bark-gnawing beetles and Melyridae, the soft-winged flower beetles
 Cucujoidea 32 families including ladybirds and fungus beetles
 Curculionoidea ~8 families mostly weevils; also snout beetles and bark beetles
 Lymexylidae (ship-timber beetles)
 Tenebrionoidea (formerly "Heteromera") 30 families including blister beetles and ant-like beetles

Polyphaga
The Aragón River (; ) is a river in northern Spain. It is one of the left-hand tributaries of the river Ebro.

The river gave its name to the historic Kingdom of Aragon and, then, to the modern Autonomous Community of Aragón.

Geography
The Aragón river is  long. Its drainage basin has an area, including the area of the Arga river, of ; without the Arga river, its chief tributary, the area is .

The areas of the different parts of the watershed of the Aragón River are:

Course
The source of the Aragón river is in the Astún Valley, in the Pyrenees, in the Huesca province (Aragon) next to the border with France, at an altitude of .

It leaves the high mountains and flows to the south through the Canfranc valley and then turns to the west in Jaca. In Jaca, its discharge is  but it is increased by some tributaries as Gas, Lubierre, Candanchú, Estarrún, Aragón Subordán, Aragón Veral and Esca. When the river gets into Yesa, where is the Yesa dam, the discharge is .
Below the dam, the Aragón river flows to the southwest into Navarre, and finally flows into the Ebro river at Milagro, where the discharge is .

The main tributaries of the Aragón river are in Navarre; these are Iratí, Cidacos and Arga.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Tras el curso del río Aragón RAC Vasco Navarro 

Rivers of Spain
The Forêt de la Robertsau (English: Robertsau Forest) is a forest in Strasbourg and La Wantzenau, France. People go jogging, biking, running and walking there. 

Forests of France
Strasbourg
An enchanted forest is a magical forest described in books. It is usually described in old tales and folklore. Usually the magic forest has bad effects rather than good ones.

Forests
Fictional locations
Sesame Workshop (SW), originally known as the Children's Television Workshop (CTW) is an American non-profit organization for the research and production of educational children's programs. It established in 1968.

The Workshop oversaw the production of Sesame Street, a television show for pre-school children from low-income families. Two years were spent, from 1966 to 1968, researching, developing, and raising money for the new show. It was called "one of the most important television developments of the decade".

Sesame Street premiered on PBS in the United States in November 1969. Since then, the Workshop has made many different shows, like The Electric Company, Ghostwriter, and The Upside Down Show. In 1999, the Workshop started its own TV channel, called Noggin.
Co-founder Joan Ganz Cooney said of the CTW model: "From the beginning, we—the planners of the project—designed the show as an experimental research project with educational advisers, researchers, and television producers collaborating as equal partners". She described the collaboration as an "arranged marriage".

Research
Cooney's proposal included using "in-house formative research". This would inform and improve production. Independent evaluations tested the show's impact on its young viewers' learning.

Gerald S. Lesser and Edward L. Palmer were hired to do research for the show. Lesser and Palmer were the only scientists in the U.S. studying children and television at the time.144 They were responsible for developing a system of planning, production, and evaluation, and the interaction between television producers and educators, later called the "CTW model".
Later
After Sesame Streets initial success, the CTW began to think about its survival. Their funding sources were organizations that tended to start projects, not sustain them. Government funding ended by 1981.

The CTW expanded into other areas, including the publications of books and music, international co-productions, interactive media and new technologies, licensing arrangements, and outreach programs to preschools. By 2005, income from the CTW's international co-productions of the show was $96 million. By 2008, the Sesame Street Muppets accounted for $15–17 million per year in licensing and merchandising fees.
Television shows
 Sesame Street
 The Electric Company
 Feeling Good
 The Best of Families
 3-2-1 Contact
 Square One Television
 Sign On!
 Ghostwriter (1992)
 Cro
 Big Bag
 Dragon Tales
 Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat
 Sponk!
 Tiny Planets
 Play With Me Sesame
 The Upside Down Show
 Panwapa
 Space Racers
 Esme & Roy
 Helpsters
 Ghostwriter (2019)
 Helpsters: Help You
 The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo
 Mecha Builders
 Bea's Block

References

American entertainment companies
Non-profit organizations of New York (state)
1968 establishments in the United States
Sesame Street
Companies based in New York City
Justin Marie Bomboko (22 September 1928 – 10 April 2014) was a Congolese civil servant. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Congo. He became minister in 1960. He is often called "The Father of Independence" for the Congolese.

Bomboko died from a long illness in Brussels, Belgium, aged 85.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2014 deaths
African politicians
Civil servants
Disease-related deaths in Belgium
Edna Doré, née Gorring, (31 May 1921 – 11 April 2014) was a British actress. Doré was known for her bit-part roles in situation comedies. She is mostly known for playing the character of Mo Butcher in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (1988–1990). She was born in Bromley, Kent, England.

Doré died from emphysema at her Sussex, England home, aged 92.

References

Other websites

1921 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Kent
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in Sussex
English television actors
People from Bromley
Vilmos Zsigmond, A.S.C. (June 16, 1930 – January 1, 2016) was a Hungarian-American cinematographer. He was known for his work in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. He won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award during his career.

Zsigmond was born in Szeged, Hungary. He became an American citizen in 1962. Zsigmond died at his home in Big Sur, California at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

 

1930 births
2016 deaths
Academy Award winning cinematographers
American cinematographers
BAFTA Award winners
Hungarian people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Freeman John Dyson FRS (December 15, 1923 – February 28, 2020) was an English-born-American theoretical physicist and mathematician. He was known for his work in quantum electrodynamics, solid-state physics, astronomy and nuclear engineering. He gained a bachelor degree at the University of Cambridge. In 1957, he became an American citizen.

Dyson was born in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England, the son of George Dyson. Dyson died on February 28, 2020 at a hospital in Princeton, New Jersey from a fall, aged 96.

He won many scientific awards, including the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1981.

References

Other websites

 
 Heretical thoughts about science and society essay by Freeman Dyson

1923 births
2020 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
American mathematicians
American theoretical physicists
English mathematicians
English physicists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Berkshire
People who lost citizenship
British theoretical physicists
Wolf Prize winners
Princeton University faculty
Harold Edward Stassen (April 13, 1907 – March 4, 2001) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Stassen was born in West St. Paul, Minnesota. He studied at the University of Minnesota Law School.

He was the 25th Governor of Minnesota. He served as governor from 1939 to 1943. He ran for President of the United States nine times in the Republican primaries from 1944 to 1992 (1944, 1948, 1952, 1964, 1968, 1980, 1984, 1988, and 1992).

Stassen married Esther G. Glewwe in 1929. Their marriage would last until his death in 2001. They had two children; Glenn and Kathleen.

Stassen died in Bloomington, Minnesota from natural causes, aged 93.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1907 births
2001 deaths
Governors of Minnesota
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
1964 United States presidential candidates
1968 United States presidential candidates
1984 United States presidential candidates
1988 United States presidential candidates
1992 United States presidential candidates
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Alan MacGregor Cranston (June 19, 1914 – December 31, 2000) was an American politician and journalist. He was the United States senator of California. He served as senator from 1969 to 1993. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Cranston ran for President of the United States in 1984, but lost the Democratic Party primary to Walter Mondale.

Cranston died in Los Altos, California from natural causes, aged 86.

1914 births
2000 deaths
Journalists from California
People from Palo Alto, California
1984 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from California
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
20th-century American politicians
American military personnel of World War II
Stanford University alumni
Ben Fernandez (February 24, 1925 – April 25, 2000) was an American politician, financial consultant, World War II veteran, and special ambassador. He was America's first major-party presidential nominee of an Hispanic origin. He ran as a Republican. He ran for president in 1980, 1984, and in 1988.  First two, he lost to Ronald Reagan and the last to George H. W. Bush during the primaries.

References

1925 births
2000 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Kansas
1980 United States presidential candidates
1984 United States presidential candidates
1988 United States presidential candidates
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lowell Palmer Weicker Jr. (May 16, 1931 – June 28, 2023) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Governor of Connecticut. He served as governor from 1991 to 1995. Weicker was a Republican. He ran for President of the United States in 1980, but lost the primary to Ronald Reagan. 

From 1971 to 1989, Weicker was the United States Senator from Connecticut. From 1969 to 1971, Weicker represented the state's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.

Weicker, Jr. was born in Paris, France to American parents. He died on June 28, 2023 at a hospital in Middletown, Connecticut at the age of 92.

References

1931 births
2023 deaths
United States senators from Connecticut
United States representatives from Connecticut
Governors of Connecticut
1980 United States presidential candidates
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Connecticut
People from Greenwich, Connecticut
Charles Clifton "Cliff" Finch (April 4, 1927 – April 22, 1986) was an American politician. He was the 56th Governor of Mississippi. He served as governor from 1976 to 1980. He was a Democrat. 

He ran for President of the United States in 1980, but lost the primary to Jimmy Carter.

Finch died in Batesville, Mississippi from a heart attack, aged 59.

1927 births
1986 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Mississippi
Governors of Mississippi
1980 United States presidential candidates
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
James Terry Sanford (August 20, 1917 – April 18, 1998) was an American politician and educator. He was the United States senator of North Carolina. He served as senator from 1986 to 1993. He was a Democrat.

Sanford ran for President of the United States in 1976, but lost the primary to Jimmy Carter.

Sanford died in Durham, North Carolina from esophageal cancer, aged 80.

1917 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Governors of North Carolina
1972 United States presidential candidates
1976 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from North Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson (May 31, 1912 – September 1, 1983) was an American politician. He was the United States senator of Washington. He served as senator from 1953 to 1983. He was a member of the Democratic Party. 

He ran for President of the United States during the presidential elections in 1976, but lost to Jimmy Carter during the primary.

Jackson died in Everett, Washington from an aortic aneurysm, aged 71.

1912 births
1983 deaths
Deaths from aortic aneurysm
People from Everett, Washington
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
1972 United States presidential candidates
1976 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Washington (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Morris King "Mo" Udall (June 15, 1922 – December 12, 1998) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Arizona's 2nd district. He served as a representative from 1961 to 1991. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Udall ran for President of the United States in 1976, but lost to Jimmy Carter during the primaries.

Udall died in Washington, D.C. from complications of Parkinson's disease, aged 76.

1976 United States presidential candidates
1922 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
United States representatives from Arizona
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Birch Evans Bayh, Jr. (January 22, 1928 – March 14, 2019) was an American politician. He served as a United States senator of Indiana. He served as senator from 1963 to 1981. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Terre Haute, Indiana.

He ran for President of the United States in 1976, but lost to Jimmy Carter during the primary. He was known for co-authoring and introducing Title IX to the Senate. 

Bayh authored the twenty-fifth and the twenty-sixth amendments to the United States Constitution. His is the only non-founding father to author two amendments. He also proposed to remove the electoral college and to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment.

Bayh lost his re-election bid in 1980 to future Vice President Dan Quayle with a vote margin of 53.8% to 46.2%.

Bayh's son, Evan, is a former Indiana governor and senator. 

Bayh died on March 14, 2019 in Easton, Maryland from pneumonia, aged 91.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Birch Bayh official website 
Interview with Senator Bayh in August 2004
 Retrieved on 2009-05-08

Oral History Interview with Birch Bayh, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library 
Historic footage of Birch Bayh from the Ball State University Digital Media Repository
The Art of Leadership: A Companion to an Exhibition from the Senatorial Papers of Birch Bayh The Lilly Library Bloomington, Indiana.

1928 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
1976 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Indiana
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Terre Haute, Indiana
Larry Lee Pressler (born March 29, 1942) is an American politician. He was the United States senator of South Dakota. He served as senator from 1979 to 1997. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Pressler ran for President of the United States in 1980, but lost to Ronald Reagan during the primary. Pressler announced in 2013, that he would run for the senate seat as an Independent. He soon lost the election to Republican Governor Mike Rounds.

Pressler was born in Humboldt, South Dakota.

References

1942 births
Living people
1980 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from South Dakota
Independent politicians in the United States
Republican Party (United States) politicians
The Yongle Encyclopedia was a Chinese compilation of information. It was ordered by the Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle in 1403, and completed by 1408. It was the world's largest known general encyclopedia at its time, and held this record for six centuries. 

In the Chinese language it is: . This means The Great Canon or Vast Documents of the Yongle Era.

References 

Encyclopedias
Chinese culture
15th-century books
Los Altos is a city in Santa Clara County, California. It is on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 31,625 in 2020.

References

Los Altos
Settlements in Santa Clara County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Wayne Lyman Morse (October 20, 1900 – July 22, 1974) was an American politician. He was the United States senator of Oregon. He served as senator from 1945 to 1969. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Morse ran for President of the United States in 1960, but lost the primary to John F. Kennedy.

Morse died in Portland, Oregon from kidney failure, aged 73.

1900 births
1974 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
1960 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Oregon
Politicians from Madison, Wisconsin
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg (March 22, 1884 – April 18, 1951) was an American politician. Vandenberg was known for being part of the creation of the United Nations with Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Vandenberg was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan.

In 1906, Vandenberg was married to Elizabeth Watson. Watson died in 1917. They had three children. Vandenberg married Hazel Whittaker in 1918. Their marriage lasted until his death in 1951. They had no children. 

He was the United States senator of Michigan. He served as senator from 1928 until his death in 1951. He was also the President pro tempore of the United States Senate from 1947 to 1949.

Vandenberg was a member of the Republican Party. He ran for President of the United States in 1948, but lost the primary to Thomas E. Dewey. 

Vandenberg died in Grand Rapids, Michigan from cancer, aged 67.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1884 births
1951 deaths
Cancer deaths in Michigan
Politicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States senators from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Dr. Ivo "Eggman" Robotnik is the main antagonist of Sonic the Hedgehog. He first appeared in 1991 in the game Sonic the Hedgehog for Sega Mega Drive. He last appeared in 2022 in the game Sonic Frontiers.

Creation 
In April 1990, Sega wanted a character to replace Alex Kidd as the company's mascot. One of the designs was a caricature of Theodore Roosevelt. This became the basis for the design of Dr. Eggman. They wanted a character that was the opposite of Sonic, a character that would represent technology and development. The character was also designed to be easily drawable by children.
Features
Eggman is a distinguished scientist and mechanical genius with an IQ of 300.  He is an expert in the field of robotics. Despite all this, Eggman uses intelligence on purposes. He attempts to conquer the world and create his own utopia. Despite many setbacks, he never gives up and he does not care what others think of his actions. He considers anyone who opposes his plans is a serious threat. Despite his intellect, Eggman is often insane. Sometimes he can’t even except the fact that he is in trouble. He also doesn't like snooping.

Fictional characters introduced in 1991
Sonic the Hedgehog characters
Video game antagonists
Video game bosses
Video game characters in movies
Fictional American people
is a fictional character in Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog series. She is a pink anthropomorphic hedgehog with a cheerful attitude, but large temper. She has the ability to summon a giant hammer, and serves to be Sonic's self-proclaimed girlfriend, although Sonic tends to ignore her in most incarnations.

Amy was designed by Kazuyuki Hoshino and first debuted in the Sonic the Hedgehog manga published by Shogakukan, followed by her official debut in the 1993 video game Sonic CD under the name Rosie the Rascal; since then, she has appeared in several games, television series, comics, and anime as the main character.

Amy is among the series' most controversial characters; although many journalists have found her character cute and powerful, others have found her annoying, with several also criticizing her implications in gender representation in video games; despite this, Amy Rose is consistently ranked as among the most popular characters, having appeared in several pieces of merchandise since 1993.
Concept and design
Amy Rose was created by Kazuyuki Hoshino, who was a character designer and visual designer for Sonic CD. Naoto Ohshima, who'd originally created Sonic and who was spear-heading the project, influenced Amy's design of her headband and trainer shoes. Her hair was originally color red, and her skirt orange. Amy was redesigned by Yuji Uekawa in Sonic Adventure with a red dress and boots. Although Sonic CD was Amy's intended debut, she ended up appearing a year prior in Kenji Terada's Sonic the Hedgehog manga.

In the Japan, Amy Rose is voiced by Taeko Kawata, with the exception being Sonic Shuffle where she is voiced by Emi Motoi. Her English voice actor has changed several times; she was originally voiced by Jennifer Douillard from Sonic Adventure to Sonic Advance 3, before being replaced by Lisa Ortiz, who'd previously voiced the character in Sonic X; she was replaced with Cindy Robinson in 2010 who continued voiced the character until announcing her departure in 2021.
In the Japanese version of Sonic CD, Amy was named Rosie the Rascal, while the American version instead calls her Sally Acorn, a character who appeared in the American television series and Archie comic book.

Appearance
Amy Rose is an anthropomorphic pink hedgehog appearing in the video game series Sonic the Hedgehog, published by Sega. She first appeared in Sonic CD (1993), the first and only Sonic game released for the Sega Genesis add-on the Sega CD. Her roles in the games varies, with several main series games including Sonic Adventure (1998), Sonic Heroes (2003) and Sonic the Hedgehog (2006) featuring her as a playable character. Others, including Sonic Adventure 2 (2001) limit her to a non-playable role.

In the series, Amy is generally depicted as cheerful, yet strong. She also tends to insists that she is Sonic's girlfriend and follows him, despite Sonic tending to ignore her. Due to her not possessing the speed of other character, Amy defends herself with a large hammer.
Reception
Amy Rose has been met with a polarizing reception from media critics. Lucas Thomas of IGN spoke positively of the character saying "one of the coolest things about Amy is her enormous, walloping hammer". Contrarily, both Thomas East and Jim Sterling consider her among the worst Sonic characters, with them criticizing her personality. Justin Towell of GamesRadar considers her introduction in Sonic CD one of its flaws, although he added that she is not the "annoying brat like in Sonic Adventure". Cindy Robinson's voice acting has also been met with criticism, with several drawing comparisons to Minnie Mouse's voice.

In addition, Amy has been criticized for her implications in gender representation in video games; the Electronic Gaming Monthly staff noted that her pink coloring and tendency to run away from danger are in common with Japanese female characters.
Despite the divisive reception, Amy is among the most popular characters in the series by fans; in a Japanese poll in 2006, Amy ranked as the fifth most popular character, behind Knuckles, Tails, Shadow and Sonic respectively.

Notes

Reference

Anthromophic characters
Sega
Sonic the Hedgehog characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1992
Harold Raymond "Hal" Smith (June 1, 1931 – April 12, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball catcher. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1956 until 1961 and briefly for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1965. He was born in Barling, Arkansas.

Smith died on April 12, 2014 in Fort Smith, Arkansas, aged 82. He was outlived by his wife and three children.

References

Other websites
 
 Hal Smith at Baseball Reference

1931 births
2014 deaths
American baseball players
Disease-related deaths in Arkansas
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Sportspeople from Arkansas
St. Louis Cardinals players
A megaflood is a flood which suddenly releases a huge amount of water. In geomorphology it is sometimes called an outburst flood. At the end of the last ice age, many large floods were caused by the collapse of ice sheets or glaciers which formed the dams of glacial lakes.

Examples of older outburst floods are known from the geological past of the Earth. Landslides, lahars, and volcanic dams can block rivers and create lakes. When the rock or earth barrier collapses, or is eroded, this triggers a flood. Lakes also form behind glacial moraines, which can collapse and create outburst floods.

Examples

The Black Sea (~7,600 years ago)

It is claimed that a rising sea flood led to refilling of the freshwater glacial Black Sea with water from the Aegean. It is described as "a violent rush of salt water into a depressed fresh-water lake in a single catastrophe that has been the inspiration for the flood mythology".
The marine incursion was caused by the rising level of the Mediterranean about 7,600 years ago. It is the subject of debate among geologists. The existence of the flood is not certain, and the theory that it was the basis for later flood myths is not proven.

The Caspian and Black Seas (around 16,000 years ago) 
A theory proposed by Andrey Tchepalyga of the Russian Academy of Sciences dates the flooding of the Black Sea basin to an earlier time and from a different cause. According to Tchepalyga, global warming beginning from about 16,000 years ago caused the melting of the Scandinavian ice sheet. This caused a massive river discharge which flowed into the Caspian Sea. The Caspian basin could not contain all the floodwater, which flowed into the ancient Black Sea basin. This would have flooded large areas that were previously settled or used for hunting. Tchepalyga suggests this may have formed the basis for legends of the great Deluge.
English Channel floods 
Originally there was an isthmus across the Strait of Dover. During an earlier glacial maximum, the exit from the North Sea was blocked to the north by an ice dam, and the water flowing out of rivers backed up into a vast lake on the bed of what is now the North Sea. A gently upfolding chalk ridge linked the Weald of Kent and Artois, perhaps some 30 metres (100 feet) higher than the current sea level.

At some time, probably around 425,000 years ago, and again around 225,000 years later, the barrier failed.

This let loose a catastrophic flood which diverted the Rhine into the English Channel and separated Britain from the continent of Europe. A sonar study of the sea bed of the English Channel showed unmistakable signs of a megaflood on the English Channel seabed.
Refilling the Mediterranean (5.3 million years ago) 
A catastrophic flood refilled the Mediterranean Sea 5.3 million years ago. The flood occurred when Atlantic waters found their way through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean basin, which was then a salt lake and salt bed.

Glacial lake floods in North America 
In North America during glacial maximum, there were no Great Lakes as we know them. but "proglacial" (ice-frontage) lakes formed and shifted. The most famous of these proglacial lakes was Lake Agassiz. Melting ice caused a series of great floods from Lake Agassiz. Massive amounts of freshwater was added to the world's oceans.
The last of the North American proglacial lakes, north of the present Great Lakes, reached its largest volume around 8,500 years ago, when joined with Lake Agassiz. But its outlet was blocked by the great wall of the glaciers and it drained by tributaries into the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers far to the south. About 8,300 to 7,700 years ago, the ice-dam failed catastrophically. Lake Ojibway's beach terraces show that it was  above sea level. The volume of Lake Ojibway is estimated to have been about 163,000 cubic kilometres, more than enough water to cover a flattened-out Antarctica with a sheet of water  deep. That volume was added to the world's oceans in a matter of months.

The detailed timing and rates of change after the onset of melting of the great ice-sheets are subjects of continuing study.
Overflow of lakes formed by landslides 
A landslide dam on Sichuan's Dadu River burst and caused a flood on 10 June 1786. The flood extended 1400 km downstream and killed 100,000 people. This was one of the worst landslide-related disasters in history.

References 

Floods
Erik Homburger Erikson (born Erik Salomonsen; 15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst. Erikson is known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. Erikson is also known for coining the phrase identity crisis. His son is Kai T. Erikson, a sociologist.

In 1970, Erikson won a Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction and won a U.S. National Book Award in the Philosophy and Religion category, both for Gandhi's Truth.

Erikson died at the Rosewood Manor Nursing Home in Harwich, Massachusetts on 12 May 1994.

References

Other websites
The Erikson Institute website
1902 births
1994 deaths
American psychologists
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish German scientists
Jews who converted to Christianity
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Frankfurt
Refugees from Nazism
Scientists from Massachusetts
Harvard University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Yale University faculty
Lucy is a 2014 French science fiction superhero action movie. It is about street gangs, drugs and changing of the title character to superhuman. It was written and directed by Luc Besson and is set in Taipei. Scarlett Johansson plays Lucy. Morgan Freeman plays Norman.

The movie was released in July 2014 in the United States.

Release Dates

Other websites 

2014 action movies
2014 science fiction movies
English-language movies
French action movies
French science fiction movies
German action movies
German science fiction movies
Taiwanese movies
Canadian action movies
Canadian science fiction movies
British action movies
British science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
Movies set in China
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Paris
Science fiction action movies
Taipei
Telekinesis in movies
Movies directed by Luc Besson
Movies set in Rome
Air China flight 129 is an international scheduled flight from Beijing to Busan. On April 15, 2002, the Boeing 767-2J6ER flying the route crashed into a mountain while trying to land at Busan-Gimhae International Airport. Of the 166 people on the aircraft, 129 were killed. Investigators determined that pilot error was the cause of the crash.

This was the first time an Air China crash killed people. It was also the worst plane crash in South Korea.

References

2000s disasters in Asia
2002 in South Korea
April 2002 events
Aviation accidents and incidents in Asia
Aviation accidents and incidents in the 2000s
Lake Mattamuskeet is a lake in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

Lakes of the United States
Geography of North Carolina
Pinehurst Resort is a historic golf resort in Pinehurst, North Carolina. It is in the Coastal Plains.

Buildings and structures in North Carolina
Golf
Lieutenant Commander Sir Arthur Owen Woodhouse  (18 July 1916 – 15 April 2014), better known as Owen Woodhouse, was a New Zealand lawyer, jurist and chair of government commissions. He was a member of the Supreme Court. He later served as President of the Court of Appeal from 1981 until 1986.

Woodhouse was born in Napier and studied at the University of Auckland. During World War II, he served as a lieutenant commander in the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve.

Woodhouse died from natural causes on 15 April 2014 in Auckland, aged 97.

References

1916 births
2014 deaths
New Zealand judges
New Zealand lawyers
Military personnel of World War II
Oceanic military people
People from North Island
Davidson Black (July 25, 1884 –  March 15, 1934) was a Canadian doctor who studied anatomy and anthropology. He was born in Toronto and died in Peking (now Beijing).  In 1927, he led a team that discovered bone fossils from an early species of human beings in China. The fossils were about 750,000 years old. They belonged to the species Sinanthropus pekinensis or Peking Man. He and his team found these fossils near the village of Zhoukoudian, near Beijing.

He graduated from the University of Toronto. In 1921, he became a professor of anatomy in China at Peking Union Medical College.  He died on March 15, 1934.

References 

1884 births
1934 deaths
Canadian academics
Scientists from Toronto
Canadian physicians
University of Toronto alumni
Rhys Montague Darby (born 21 March 1974) is a New Zealand actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Murray Hewitt, the band manager of Flight of the Conchords, in the HBO television series of the same name (2007–2009). He has since appeared in movies such as Yes Man (2008), The Boat That Rocked (2009), Diagnosis: Death (2009), Love Birds (2011), Arthur Christmas (2011), and What We Do in the Shadows (2014).

Darby was born in Auckland. He grew up in the suburb of Pakuranga. He was a soldier in the New Zealand Army. He is married to Rosie Carnahan. The couple have two children.

References

Other websites

 
 

1974 births
Living people
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand television actors
People from Auckland
Stand-up comedians
New Zealand comedians
Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) was a Confedeate general during the American Civil War. He was born in 1803 in Tennessee. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1826. He resigned from the U.S. army in 1834 after his wife died. He then joined the Texas army during the Texas Revolution and continued serving in it after Texas became a republic. In 1840 he resigned from the Texas army and moved to Kentucky.

Johnston rejoined the U.S. army for the Mexican–American War. By 1860 he was in charge of the U.S. army in California. He resigned in May 1861 after Texas joined the Confederate States of America. He was made a four star general in the Confederate army and put in charge of the Confederate units in Kentucky and Tennessee. He was killed at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6, 1862.

Confederate Army generals
1803 births
1862 deaths
Military people from Tennessee
Brick Mansions is a 2014 French urban crime movie. The movie is about crimes in Detroit and plans to ruin the area. Paul Walker plays Damien Collier.

The movie was released on April 25, 2014. It is a remake of District 13.

Release Dates

Other websites 

2014 movies
2010s action movies
2010s crime movies
Canadian movies
Canadian thriller movies
French movies
Movie remakes
Movies set in Detroit
Dystopian movies
Movies set in 2018
John Bell Hood (1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate army general during the American Civil War. He was born in 1831 in Kentucky. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1853. After the Battle of Fort Sumter, he joined the Confederate army as colonel of the 4th Texas Infantry. In February 1862, he became commander of the Texas Brigade as a brigadier general. He became commander of a division in July 1862. He was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. He was wounded again at the Battle of Chickamauga in September 1863. In late July 1864, he became commander of the Army of Tennessee.

After the war, Hood became a businessman. He married in 1868 and had eleven children. He died in 1879 during a yellow fever epidemic in New Orleans.

Confederate Army generals
1831 births
1879 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in Louisiana
Military people from Kentucky
A brigade is a military unit in an army. Currently in most armies, a brigade is made up of several thousand soldiers in Battalions plus a Brigade Headquarters. This is common in the United States Army. Before World War II, a brigade had several regiments. The United States Army has several types of brigades. These brigades have usually a Headquarters Company and usually several battalions.  

An artillery brigade in the United States Army has a Headquarters Battery and several battalions from different regiments. Each battalion in a United States Army Artillery Brigade may have High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) and/or Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (MLRS) Units assigned to it. 

Depending on the country an army brigade is under the command of a Brigadier General, Brigadier or Colonel.

Army
Sportsnet 360 is a Canadian English language cable and satellite television specialty channel. Sportsnet 360 is owned by Rogers Media. They show sports highlights, news, analysis programming as well as live sports coverage with basketball, college/university sports, mixed martial arts, professional wrestling, and soccer. 

The channel was first launched in 1994 and was known as Sportscope. It was relaunched in May 1997 under the name Headline Sports with channel licencing Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.

The licence was rewritten by the CRTC to allow live sports programming and because of this, as well as legal issues with U.S. cable news channel CNN Headline News which also had a "Headline Sports" segment, the channel became known as The Score Television Network. 

On October 19, 2012, they were acquired by Rogers Media for $167 million. On July 1, 2013, Rogers renamed the channel Sportsnet 360.
Programming
Aftermath
Blue Jays in 30
Blue Jays Xpress
CIS football & basketball
European Poker Tour
Major League Baseball (Toronto Blue Jays)
Major League Soccer
NCAA football & basketball
Prime Time Sports with Bob McCown
The Ultimate Fighter
Tim & Sid
UEFA Champions League
World Poker Tour
WWE Experience
WWE Raw
WWE SmackDown
WWE Vintage

References

Other websites
Official website

Canadian television channels
Claire Denis (born April 21, 1946) is a French movie director. In 1988, the first movie directed by Denis, Chocolat, was released. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

Early life
Denis was born in Paris in 1946, but she was raised in colonial French Africa. When she was 14, she moved back to Paris with her mother to finish her education.

1946 births
Swiss academics
Living people
Movie directors from Paris
Clarence is a cartoon television show aired on the television channel "Cartoon Network".

Description
The show is about the daily life of Clarence Wendle, a spirited boy who loves fun, and his best friends: Jeff, who is the more intellectual type, and Sumo, who often does crazy things when solving problems.

Clarence lives with his divorced mother, Mary, and her boyfriend Chad in the fictional town of Aberdale, in Arizona, near Phoenix. Each episode focuses on the daily-life situations and problems that Clarence and his friends encounter, and their everyday adventures and life experiences as kids.

Other characters include students and faculty at Aberdale Elementary, Clarence's school. Some episodes focus on the life of supporting characters, like the citizens of Aberdale and Clarence's classmates.
Characters
Clarence
Jeff
Sumo
Belson
Amy Gillis
Malessica
Ashley (Clarence's former girlfiend)
Mel
Mary and Chad
Chelsea
Breehn
Melanie Baker
Percy
Nathan
Dustin
EJ and Sue (Jeff's mothers)
Jim Reese (Vice principal of the school)
Gilben
Mavis

Episodes
Season 1 
 Fun Dungeon Face Off (June 5, 2014)
 Pretty Great Day with a Girl (June 12, 2014)
 Money Broom Wizard (June 19, 2014)
 Lost in the Supermarket (June 26, 2014)
 Clarence's Millions (July 3, 2014)
 Clarence Gets a Girlfriend (July 10, 2014)
 Jeff's New Toy (July 17, 2014)
 Dinner Party (July 24, 2014)
 Honk (July 31, 2014)
 Dollar Hunt (August 7, 2014)
 Zoo (August 14, 2014)
 Rise 'n' Shine (August 21, 2014)
 Man of the House (August 28, 2014)
 Puddle Eyes (September 4, 2014)
 Dream Boat (September 11, 2014)
 Slumber Party (September 18, 2014)
 Nature Clarence (September 25, 2014)
 Average Jeff (October 2, 2014)
 Lizard Day Afternoon (October 9, 2014)
 The Forgotten (October 16, 2014)
 Neighborhood Grill (October 23, 2014)
 Belson's Sleepover (October 30, 2014)
 Too Gross for Comfort (November 13, 2014)
 Clarence's Thanksgiving Pilot Expansion (November 26, 2014)
 Patients (December 1, 2014)
 Rough Riders Elementary (December 2, 2014)
 Nothing Ventured (December 3, 2014)
Bedside Manners (December 4, 2014)
 Jeff Wins (December 5, 2014)
 Big Game (January 8, 2015)
 The Boxcurse Children (January 15, 2015)
 Karate Mom (January 22, 2015)
 Clarence Loves Shoopy (January 29, 2015)
 Public Radio (February 5, 2015)
 Chad and the Marathon (February 12, 2015)
 Officer Moody (February 19, 2015)
 Gilben's Different (February 26, 2015)
 Cool Guy Clarence (March 5, 2015)
 Just Wait in the Car (March 12, 2015)
 Missing Cat (March 19, 2015)
 Big Trouble in Little Aberdale (March 26, 2015)
 Dare Day (April 2, 2015)
 Gilben Part 1 (April 9, 2015)
 Gilben Part 2 (April 9, 2015)
 Nightmare (April 16, 2015)
 Clarence Vote 2015 (April 23, 2015)
 Destroy Kitchen (April 30, 2015)
 Horror Cream (May 7, 2015)
 The Trade (May 14, 2015)
 Suspended (May 21, 2015)
 Turtle Hats (June 1, 2015)
 Goose Chase (June 2, 2015)
 Goldfish Follies (June 3, 2015)
 Chimney (June 4, 2015)
 Straight Illin (June 5, 2015)
 Dust Buddies (June 8, 2015)
 Hurricane Dilliss (June 9, 2015)
 Hoofin' It (June 10, 2015)
Detention (June 11, 2015)
 Hairence (June 12, 2015)
 Li'l Buddy (July 27, 2015)
 Chalmers Santiago (July 28, 2015)
 Tuckered Boys (July 29, 2015)
 Water Park (July 30, 2015)
 Where the Wild Chads Are (July 31, 2015)
 A Sumoful Mind (August 6, 2015)
 Animal Day (August 13, 2015)
 The Tunnel (August 20, 2015)
 Talent Show (August 27, 2018)
 RC Car (September 3, 2015)
 Dog King Clarence (September 10, 2015)
 Trampoline (September 17, 2015)
 Clarence the Movie (September 24, 2015)
 Clarence for President (October 26, 2015)
 The Phantom Clarence (October 27, 2015)
 Jeffery Wendle (October 28, 2015)
 Badgers & Bunkers (October 29, 2015)
 Dingus & McNobrain (October 30, 2015)
 Bye Bye Baker (November 2, 2015)
 Flood Brothers (November 3, 2015)
 Breehn Ho! (November 4, 2015)
 The Big Petey Pizza Problem (November 4, 2015)
 The Break Up (November 5, 2015)
 In Dreams (November 6, 2015)
 Balance's Revenge (November 12, 2015)
 Chadsgiving (November 19, 2015)
 Balance (December 3, 2015)
The Interrogation (December 14, 2015)
 Bird Boy Man (December 15, 2015)
 Freedom Cactus (December 16, 2015)
 Plane Excited (December 17, 2016)
 Escape from Beyond the Cosmic (December 18, 2015)
Season 2
 Time Crimes (February 8, 2016)
 Saturday School (February 15, 2016)
 Attack the Block Party (February 22, 2016)
 Field Trippin' (February 29, 2016)
 Ice Cream Hunt (March 4, 2016)
 Company Man (March 11, 2016)
 Stump Brothers (March 18, 2016)
 The Tails of Mardrynia (March 25, 2016)
 Clarence Wendle and the Eye of Coogan (March 25, 2016)
 Sneaky Peeky (April 1, 2016)
 Game Show (April 23, 2016)
 Skater Sumo (April 30, 2016)
 Mystery Girl (May 7, 2016)
 The Substitute (May 14, 2016)
 Classroom (May 21, 2016)
 Dullance (May 28, 2016)
 Jeff's Secret (June 30, 2016)
 Merry Moochmas (December 15, 2016)

Season 3 
 Sumo Goes West (February 10, 2017)
 Valentimes (February 10, 2017)
 Rock Show (February 24, 2017)
 Pool's Out for Summer (June 6, 2017)
 Belson Gets a Girlfriend (June 17, 2018)
 Brain TV (June 17, 2018)
 Etiquette Clarence (June 24, 2018)
 Video Store (June 24, 2018)
 Anywhere but Sumo (June 24, 2018)
Cartoon Network series
2014 television series debuts
English-language television programs
2018 television series endings
A major general (or two-star general) is a rank in an army. It is between the ranks of lieutenant general and brigadier general. A major general usually commands a division. It comes from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparently confusing system whereby a lieutenant general outranks a major general (although a major outranks a lieutenant, a lieutenant outranks a sergeant-major.) A Major general is addressed as "general".

References 

Military ranks
 3
The Caledonian orogeny was a mountain building era. It left its mark in the northern parts of the British Isles, the Scandinavian Mountains, Svalbard, eastern Greenland, northern Europe and the eastern United States.

The events occurred from the Ordovician to early Devonian, roughly 490390 million years ago (mya). It was caused by the closure of the Iapetus Ocean when the continents and lands of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia collided.

The Caledonian orogeny is named after Caledonia, the Latin name for Scotland. The name is not used for an absolute period of time: it applies only to the series of mountain-building events.

Part of the mountain chain ended up in modern North America, where it is called the Acadian orogeny (see Appalachian Mountains).

Stages 
The Caledonian orogeny was one of several orogenies that would eventually form the supercontinent Pangaea later in the Palaeozoic era. The main phase of the Caledonian orogeny happened from about 425 to 395 million years ago.
Continental collision started in the mid Silurian, and mountain building took place in the early Devonian (from 407 million years ago onward).

References 

Orogenies
Palaeozoic
Mountains of Norway
+
Geography of Greenland
Geography of Scotland
Sheila Jeffreys (born 1948)  is a lesbian feminist activist. She was born in the United Kingdom.

Career
Jeffreys helped write Love Your Enemy? The Debate Between Heterosexual Feminism and Political Lesbianism in 1979. Her first book written without other writers was published in 1985. She moved to Melbourne in Australia in 1991 to work at the University of Melbourne. In 2009 The Industrial Vagina was published. Jeffreys' most recent book, Gender Hurts, was published in April 2014.

Personal life
In 1973 Jeffreys became a political lesbian.

References

Other websites
Official website

1948 births
Living people
Australian feminists
Australian LGBT people
Australian writers
Lesbian feminists
English LGBT writers
Writers from London
Armando Peraza (May 30, 1924 – April 14, 2014) was a Cuban-American Latin jazz percussionist. His career began during the 1950s. 

He performed with many professional artists such as Perez Prado, Machito, George Shearing, Charlie Parker, Tito Puente, Cal Tjader, and Carlos Santana. He was born in Havana, Cuba.

Peraza died from pneumonia on April 14, 2014 in San Francisco, California, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2014 deaths
American jazz musicians
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in California 
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Musicians from Havana