Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Gondwana, also called Gondwanaland, was a southern supercontinent. It formed when Pangaea broke up, starting 170 million years ago (mya), in the early middle Jurassic. 

The global supercontinent Pangaea was complete 250 million years ago. Then it split into two smaller supercontinents, which were about the same size. The northern part of Pangaea became Laurasia, and the southern part became Gondwana.  Over time, Gondwana drifted south, while Laurasia moved north.  

Gondwana included most of the landmasses in today's southern hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia–New Guinea, and New Zealand. It originally included China, Siberia, Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere. 

Gondwana itself began to break up in the mid-Jurassic period, about 170 million years ago.

History of the name
Gondwana was named by an Austrian scientist, Eduard Suess. He named the supercontinent "Gondwana" because rock formations of this ancient continent were found in modern Odisha (eastern India). 

The adjective Gondwanan is often used in biogeography to describe where different organisms live.  It is most commonly used when the organisms only live in two or more of the regions which were part of Gondwana, including the Antarctic flora. For example, the Proteaceae, a family of plants, lives only in southern South America, South Africa, and Australia.  This is called a "Gondwanan distribution" (meaning that the Proteaceae live only in the areas that used to be part of Gondwana). This pattern shows that the Proteaceae have existed for a long time  since the time that Gondwana existed.
Evidence of plant and animal distribution supported the ideas of two scientists: Alfred Russel Wallace and Alfred Wegener. Wallace explained geographical distribution as the result of evolution. Wegener used geographical distribution as evidence for continental drift.

Breakup of Gondwana 
Between 160 and 23 million years ago, Gondwana broke up. Africa separated from Antarctica around 160 million years ago. Next, it separated from the Indian subcontinent, in the early Cretaceous period (about 125 million years ago). 

About 65 million years ago, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a tropical to subtropical climate, with marsupial fauna. About 40 million years ago, Australia-New Guinea separated from Antarctica.  This allowed latitudinal currents to separate Antarctica from Australia, and the first ice began to appear in Antarctica.
During the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event about 34 million years ago, levels of carbon dioxide were about 760 parts per million.  They had been decreasing from earlier levels, which were in the thousands of parts per million. 

Around 23 million years ago, the Drake Passage opened between Antarctica and South America, resulting in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that completely isolated Antarctica. Models of the changes suggest that decreasing levels of carbon dioxide became more important. The ice began to spread through Antarctica, replacing the forests that had covered the continent. Since about 15 million years ago, Antarctica has been mostly covered with ice.  Around six million years ago, the Antarctic ice cap reached the size it is today.
Submerged former lands 
There are several submerged (underwater) lands in the Indian Ocean, off the west of Australia. They are under more than  of water. Their rocks show that they used to be part of Gondwana. They are not the type of rocks that are usually found in the ocean, like basalt.  Instead, they are typical land rocks, like granite, sandstone, and gneiss. They also have the type of fossils that are now found on continental areas. Recently, two of these sunken islands were found to the west of Perth, Western Australia. These islands are almost the size of Tasmania, and have flat tops. This shows they were once at sea level before being submerged underwater. It also shows that when India began to break away from Australasia in the early Cretaceous period, the islands formed part of the last link between the two present-day continents.

Naturaliste Plateau 
The Naturaliste Plateau is a submerged land off of Western Australia. It has an area of 90,000 square kilometres (34,749 square miles).
The Naturaliste Plateau may have deposits of oil. When it was above land during the Mesozoic era, it had a tropical climate which might have been perfect for creating coal, oil and natural gas.

Kerguelen microcontinent 

The Kerguelen Plateau is a submerged microcontinent in the southern Indian Ocean. It is about  to the southwest of Australia, and extends for more than  in a northwest-southeast direction. It is under deep water, but a small part of the plateau is above sea level, forming the Australian Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and the French Kerguelen Islands.  The islands are part of a large igneous province (LIP) which started when Gondwana started to break up, 130 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous period. 

Volcanic activity occurs sometimes on the Heard and McDonald islands.

References
Marc  Staal (born January 13, 1987 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League. He is the younger brother of Eric Staal of the Minnesota Wild, and older brother of Jordan Staal of the Pittsburgh Penguins and Jared Staal, who was signed by Eric's team, the Hurricanes but is currently playing for the OHL's Sudbury Wolves.

Career statistics

References

Other websites

Marc Staal  at rangers.nhl.com

1987 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
New York Rangers players
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues, produced by the differentiation of monocytes. 

Monocytes and macrophages are phagocytes, acting in general immunity. They also trigger specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) of vertebrates. 

Their role is to phagocytose (engulf and then digest) cellular debris and pathogens either as stationary or as mobile cells. They also stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to the pathogen,

Life cycle 
When a monocyte enters damaged tissue through the wall of a blood vessel it changes to become a macrophage. Monocytes are attracted to a damaged site by chemical substances, triggered by a range of stimuli.  At some sites such as the testis, macrophages have been shown to populate the organ through proliferation. 

Unlike short-lived neutrophils, macrophages survive longer in the body, up to several months.

References 

Cells
Immunology
Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells which have granules in their cytoplasm. They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes because of the shape of the nucleus, which has three segments. The term polymorphonuclear leukocyte often refers just to neutrophils, the most abundant of the granulocytes.

Granulocytes are released from the bone marrow. They operate by phagocytosis and other means.

Types of granulocytes
There are three types of granulocytes, distinguished by their appearance under Wright's stain:
 Neutrophil granulocytes
 Eosinophil granulocytes
 Basophil granulocytes

Their names are derived from their staining characteristics; for example, the most abundant granulocyte is the neutrophil granulocyte, which has neutrally-staining cytoplasmic granules.

Other white blood cells which are not granulocytes are mainly lymphocytes and monocytes.

Related pages
 Agranulocytosis (not enough white blood cells in the blood)

References 

Immunology
Blood cells
"To Surveil with Love" is the 20th episode of The Simpsons 21st Season. In this episode, Homer leaves his bag at the train station and after it is thought to be a terrorist attack, cameras are put up around Springfield. Meanwhile, Lisa is bullied at school for being a blonde. It aired on May 2, 2010.

The Simpsons episodes
2010 television episodes
"You Kent Always Say What You Want" is the 400th episode of The Simpsons. It is the 22nd episode of the 18th season and the 400th episode of the entire series. In this episode, Kent Brockman loses his job after he says something naughty on TV and stays with the Simpsons. It aired on May 20, 2007, at the same time as 24 Minutes. It is also the last episode to air before The Simpsons Movie.

Plot
Homer Simpson gets the one-millionth ice cream cone at a local ice cream place and got on Smartline with Kent Brockman. Homer accidentally spills a cup of coffee by Brockman's crotch and he yells "That hurt like a" with the last word muffled. Kent Brockman said an extreme expletive and got demoted to the weekend weatherman.

The Simpsons episodes
2007 in American television
Television episodes about profanity
2007 television episodes
A dual carriageway (British English) or divided highway (American English) is a type of road. It is an important route that usually carries long-distance traffic. 

A dual carriageway has four lanes (2 lanes each side), and is always separated by a man-made barrier or strip of land.

Dual carriageways have no hard shoulder. A hard shoulder is an area at the side of a road where drivers can stop if there is a serious problem, a breakdown for example.

References

Roads
A sin tax is when the government taxes things that are considered to be bad for society.

For example, if the government increases taxes on alcohol and cigarettes, this will make them more expensive. In economics, if a normal good becomes more expensive, its consumption will drop.

Arthur Pigou was a famous economist who supported the sin tax.

Sin taxes also have problems: 
 If there is a large price difference between countries this will encourage smuggling, and may create a black market.
 Sin taxes may provide a reliable income for the government. In such a case, some governments encourage "sinful" behavior to get more taxes.

Taxation
Nicholas Gregory "Greg" Mankiw (born February 3, 1958) is a famous economist.  He graduated from Princeton University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  He was an economic advisor for President George W. Bush from 2003-2005. In 2006, he became an economic adviser to Mitt Romney.
Publications
He wrote a widely used college textbook for economics called Principles of Economics, listing 10 principles that all economies run on:
 People Face Tradeoffs (sometimes people have to choose between two things)
 The Cost of Something is What You Give Up to Get It
 Rational People Think at the Margin (people think of the pros and cons before making a purchase)
 People Respond to Incentives (when there is a reward to do something, more people will do it)
 Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off
 Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity (the economy usually does well without government interference)
 Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes (sometimes it is necessary for the government to help the economy)
 A Country's Standard of Living Depends on Its Ability to Produce Goods and Services
 Prices Go Up When the Government Prints Too Much Money (the more money there is, the less value it has)
 Society Faces a Short-Run Tradeoff Between Inflation and Unemployment
His economic beliefs were influenced by John Maynard Keynes and he believes in Keynesian economics.  He is sometimes labeled as a conservative because he supported George W. Bush's tax cuts and he has criticized the policies of the Obama Administration a few times.  He also was influenced by the economist Arthur Pigou who believed that a high tax on something bad for society (called a sin tax) will result in fewer people buying it.

References

1958 births
Living people
American economists
People from Trenton, New Jersey
Poznań Fortress (in Polish: Twierdza Poznań, in German: Festung Posen) was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań in western Poland, built under Prussian rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was one of largest systems of its kind in Europe.

Buildings and structures in Poland
Poznań
Fortification
Buildings and structures completed in the 20th century
Vesoul is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Haute-Saône department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Geography 

The Haute-Saône is a rural department and is based around five towns: Vesoul (the prefecture), Gray, Héricourt, Lure and Luxeuil-les-Bains. The Durgeon and Colombine rivers flow through the commune.
History
Vesoul is first mentioned in a document dated 899. That document speaks about an elevation with a fortified watchtower. The document speaks about "Castrum Vesulium". Castrum is a fortification, and "Vesulium" has the syllable ves which meant hill or mountain in a language that was spoken before the Celts. Today, there is a castle that forms the centre of the city. The first houses were built inside the walls of the castle. Newcomers who found no place settled outside the city walls, on the flanks of the hill. Growing wine was popular. 
In 1814, after the fall of the empire, a buffer state was created, with Vesoul as capital. The principality was that of Free County, of the Vosges and of Porrentruy.

Today, one of the main factories of PSA Peugeot Citroën is near Vesoul.

Culture
Culture

Monuments and tourist attractions
 Vieux Vesoul (English:Old Vesoul) (buildings from the 15th, 16th and 18th centuries and Garret Museum)
 Site of Vesoul's Motte
 Site of the Sabot de Frotey
 Vesoul-Vaivre lake
 Vesoul-Vaivre Vélo-rail
 Saint Georges church (18th century)
 Convent of the Ursulines (17th century)

Library
The first public library of Vesoul opened in 1771. The abbé (abbot) Bardenet, superior of the Saint-Esprit hospital in Besançon, gave his book collection to the town. There were 1772 books. The collections became a lot larger with the Revolution. At that time, the revolutionaries (people who led the French Revolution) took the books from the monasteries of the town (capucins) and even of the region (Luxeuil and Faverney monasteries). Around 20,000 books were added to the library this way, including some 11th century manuscripts. The Mayor's office was responsible for keeping the books.
In 1981, the municipality decided to build a new building to encourage the public to read. The library recently got computers. There are around 200 manuscripts and 150 incunables.

Twin towns
Vesoul is only twinned with one town:
 Gerlingen, Germany, since 1964.

Demography

References

Communes in Haute-Saône
Departmental capitals in France
The Hungaroring is a Formula One racing circuit in Mogyoród, near Budapest, Hungary where the Hungarian Grand Prix is held. In 1986, it became the location of the first Formula One Grand Prix behind the Iron Curtain. Formula One leader Bernie Ecclestone wanted a race in the USSR, but was not able to make a deal with Moscow. A Hungarian friend of his recommended the city of Budapest. Formula One wanted a street circuit similar to the Circuit de Monaco to be built in the Népliget, Budapest's largest park. The Hungarian government decided to build a new circuit (track) just outside the city near a major highway. Construction work started on October 1, 1985. the circuit was built in eight months, less time than any other Formula One circuit. The first race was held on March 24, 1986 in memory of János Drapál. Drapál was the first Hungarian to win a Grand Prix motorcycle race. A survey by the Hungarian national tourism office ranks Mogyoród third in venues visited by tourists in Hungary.

Description
Description 

The Hungaroring is a circuit in the Formula One Grands Prix calendar. The F1 race is normally held in the middle of a Central European summer. The circuit is generally dusty, which limits traction. This is because the track is not used very much throughout the season and it is built on sandy soil. The track is built in a natural valley. About 80 percent of the racetrack is visible from any viewing location.

The Hungaroring is a twisty style circuit, where passing difficult.

The Hungaroring is the home of Hungarian motorsport. Besides Formula One, there were also DTM, FIA GT Championship races in its history. A public drag race event takes place every month.

Fans
Fans 

Most of the foreign fans are from Germany and Austria. The Hungaroring has traditionally seen a large number of Finnish fans as well. With the loss of the Austrian Grand Prix, this is the closest Formula One event for fans from other Central European countries. The  race saw many spectators from Poland due to the debut of the first Polish Formula One driver, Robert Kubica.

The Hungarian Grand Prix has always been more of a promotional event than a profit raising event. The Formula One contract was extended until 2016. Tobacco advertising has been banned since 2007.

References

Other websites 

 Official Ticket Agency of the Hungarian F1 Grand Prix
 Hungaroring - the technical requirements
 A lap of the Hungaroring with Honda’s Alex Wurz
 Hungaroring Circuit History and Statistics 
 Statistics from official F1 site
 BBC's circuit guide
 Satellite picture by Google Maps
 Ciro Pabón's Racetracks 3D views and virtual laps of all F1 circuits, including this one, via Google Earth

Formula One circuits
Don Drysdale (July 23, 1936 – July 3, 1993) was an American baseball player. He was a right handed pitcher. He played for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1956 to 1969. He played in five World Series. In 1976, he was chosen to be in the Baseball Hall of Fame. His number was retired by the Dodgers.

1936 births
1993 deaths
Baseball players from California
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Brooklyn Dodgers players
National League All-Stars
A building model is either a physical (real) or virtual (computer) model of a building. Very often, the physical model is smaller than the original (scale model). 

There are three basic types of building models: architectural, structural and mathematical (virtual).

Architectural building model
An architectural model is a type of a physical model of a structure to study an architectural design or to share design ideas to clients, committees, and the general public.  Architectural models are a tool which may be used for show, presentation, fundraising, getting permits, and sale purposes. Such models are a good tool for three-dimensional understanding of a design, used by architects, interior designers and exhibit designers.

Structural building model
Engineers who need scale models to test the likely performance of a design at an early stage of development without paying for a full-sized prototype.
Virtual building model
Virtual model is a digital model of the object (typically greatly simplified) that can be used in a computer simulation or virtual reality.

The most common examples of virtual models are those created in 3D for the purpose of visualisation - seeing how the structure looks before it is built. The field of architecture has greatly popularized the use of virtual models to animate fly-throughs of yet-to-be-built buildings.

Related pages
Earthquake engineering
Structural Engineering

References

Other websites

 

Buildings and structures
Architecture
Earthquake engineering
Modeling
Charles Frank "Chuck" Mangione (born November 29, 1940 in Rochester, New York) is an American flugelhorn player. His best known hit single is Feels So Good which was the Billboard Easy Listening Singles number-one single on May 13, 1978 and has been featured in many movies like Zombieland and Let's Go to Prison. Chuck Mangione has been mentioned on the animated television show King of the Hill and lends his voice to the show.

Websites
 Chuck Mangione's Official website

1940 births
Living people
American composers
Musicians from New York (state)
People from Rochester, New York
Marussia F1 is a Formula One racing team, which made its debut in the 2010 Formula One season. They were allowed to join F1 as Manor Grand Prix on 12 June 2009. They were one of four new teams selected to race in the 2010 season. On 30 November, the FIA released a revised entry list that stated the team's name as Virgin Racing. Richard Branson's Virgin Group is the title sponsor of the team, which was launched on 15 December 2009.

On 11 November, Russian car builder Marussia Motors became the majority share owner in Virgin Racing. Marussia has been a partner to Virgin Racing since the team started in 2009. The team will be known as Marussia Virgin Racing. Marussia fully bought the team in 2012 and re branded it Marussia F1 with Virgin remaining as a sponsor.

History

Formation 
The team was first formed as Manor Grand Prix as a partership between Manor Motorsport and Wirth Research.
Initially, Virgin's Alex Tai was the Team Principal (person in charge). Less than one month after the Virgin partnership was officially launched, Tai left his position and John Booth took over as team principal

The team will use engines supplied by Cosworth. Manor Motorsport are best known as a Formula Three team. They currently competes in the Formula Three Euroseries, and helped launch the careers of World Champions Kimi Räikkönen and Lewis Hamilton. Race car preparation and racing operations will be run from its headquarters in Dinnington, South Yorkshire. Wirth Research will design, develop and build the cars from its base in Bicester.

The Virgin Racing also have plans to create a "Driver Academy", a series of racing teams starting in the new GP3 Series and advancing all the way up to Formula One.

2010
2010 

Virgin's car for 2010, the VR-01, is the first F1 car designed entirely using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer simulation technology. CFD is computer program used to design a race car that will move through the air well. It is used to replace test models of cars in a wind tunnel to see how well they perform.

On 17 November 2009 Virgin announced that former Toyota driver Timo Glock would be the team's lead driver for the 2010 season. The driver has signed a two-year contract with a one-year extension offer. Long-time Brazilian GP2 regular Lucas di Grassi will join him. Fellow former GP2 driver Luiz Razia will be the testing and reserve driver. Álvaro Parente also signed as a test driver, but left the team prior to the launch of the VR-01. The 2010 car was officially launched on the team's website on 3 February 2010. The following two days, Virgin ran the car at a private event at Silverstone.
After the start of the 2010 season, it was discovered that the race car's fuel tank is too small. Starting in 2010, cars cannot be refueled during the race. The Virgin cars would not be able to finish any races unless the drivers ran at a reduced speed to conserve fuel. The team has been allowed to redesign the chassis to increase the fuel tank size.

The team was not able to complete a full race with both cars until the Spanish Grand Prix, the fifth race of the season. The team finished last in 12 position.

2011 
During the warm-up just before the race, Timo Glock had a problem with his race car. Fifth gear in the transmission broke. Glock returned to the garage area. The team mechanics tried to fix the car. The team was not able to fix the transmission before the race started. Glock did not start the race, and was listed as DNS for Did Not Start. The team finished last again the standings for a second year in a row.
Marussia (2012-) 
Marussia bought a controlling stake and the team was rebranded. Virgin stated they were fully committed to the team and were remaining as a sponsor. Timo Glock remained as a driver and scored the teams highest finish(a 12th in Singapore). The team occupied 10th spot in the championship for the majority of the season but they were beaten in the final race by Caterham. They finished the season 11th and well infront of HRT.

Sponsorship 

Virgin purchased eighty percent of the team, as part of sponsorship arrangement. The official FIA entry list for 2010 announced on 30 November 2009 showed that Manor GP had been entered as Virgin Racing.
The team's partners for 2010 included
Tyre (tire) supplier Bridgestone
IT services company UST Global
Environmental technology company Carbon Green
Shampoo brand Clear
Information technology firm CSC
Foreign exchange traders FxPro
Clothing company Kappa
The Oxygen investment group
Russian sports car manufacturer Marussia.
On 13 January 2010, reports emerged revealing that Virgin had paid an extra one and a half million pounds to Cosworth to have the CA2010 unit rebranded as a Marussia, though both Virgin Racing and Cosworth have denied the story.

On 14 December 2009, Lloyds Banking Group announced that it had invested ten million pounds in the team. This is a reverse the recent trend of financial institutions such as ING and RBS to withdraw sponsorship. It remains unclear as to whether or not the Lloyds logo will appear on the cars.

Complete Formula One results 
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Official website 

Formula One constructors
Formula One current
The Jazz Singer is a 1927 movie was released to movie theaters by Warner Bros.. The movie stars Al Jolson and May MacAvoy. It also co-starred Warner Oland. It's considered to be the first talking picture, but was actually not; Dream Street (1921) was the first with a talking introduction by D.W. Griffith.

1927 drama movies
1920s musical movies
1920s American drama movies
American musical movies
United States National Film Registry movies
English-language movies
Movies about singers
Movies directed by Alan Crosland
The Love Parade disaster occurred on 24 July 2010, when 21 people were killed during a human crush in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, at the Love Parade electronic music festival. At least another 511 people were injured.

The Love Parade was a popular and free access electronic dance music festival and parade that originated in 1989 in Berlin, Germany. The parade features stages, but is well known for its floats with music, DJs and dancers moving through the audience. This was the first edition of the festival that was organised in a closed-off festival area. Up to  people were reported to be attending the event and 1,200 police were on hand.

The event was one of the program elements of RUHR.2010, whereby cultural events in the Ruhr area were highlighted, because the Ruhr was 2010's European Capital of Culture.
The festival organizer said that there would be no more Love Parades after this. He said, "Out of respect for the victims, their families and friends, we are going to discontinue the event in the future, and that means the end of the Love Parade."

References

Other websites 
 Media collection from before and after the incident
 Full press conference (in German)

2010 disasters
2010s disasters in Europe
2010 in Germany
Disasters in Germany
Duisburg
History of North Rhine-Westphalia
July 2010 events
Manhattan Melodrama is a 1934 crime melodrama movie directed by W. S. Van Dyke and distributed by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer company. The film won screenwriter Arthur Caesar an Academy Award for Best Story.

Cast
Clark Gable as Blackie Gallagher
William Powell as Jim Wade
Myrna Loy as Eleanor
Mickey Rooney as the Young Blackie Gallagher
Jimmy Butler as the Young Jim Wade

1934 drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by W. S. Van Dyke
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, part of the human body's immune system. They are usually identified in stained smears by their large two-lobed nuclei. They are a kind of reserve cell which turn into macrophages and immune helper cells called dendritic cells.

Monocytes work at two speeds in the immune system: 
 To gradually replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal conditions, and 
 To move quickly (~ 8-12 hours) to infected tissue in response to inflammation signals. There they divide and differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to cause an immune response. 

Half of all monocytes are stored as a reserve in the spleen; the rest are circulating or in tissues.

Physiology
 
Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from stem cell precursors called monoblasts. Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days and then typically move into tissues throughout the body. They make up three to eight percent of the leukocytes in the blood.
Monocytes and their macrophage and dendritic cell progeny serve three main functions in the immune system. These are phagocytosis, antigen presentation and cytokine production.
 Phagocytosis is the process of uptake of microbes and particles followed by digestion and destruction of this material. Monocytes are also capable of killing infected host cells using antibodies.
 Microbial fragments that remain after such digestion can serve as antigens. This process is called antigen presentation and it leads to activation of T lymphocytes. These mount a specific immune response against the antigen.
 Other microbial products can directly activate monocytes and this leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

References 

Immunology
Blood cells
Brent Seabrook (born April 20, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and is an alternate captain. He was the Chicago Blackhawks first round draft pick in 2003. He played in the WHL for the Lethbridge Hurricanes where he played four seasons. On June 9, 2010, Seabrook won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks and also won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics. On June 24, 2013, He won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. 

On September 17, 2015, Seabrook was named as an alternate captain for the Blackhawks. On September 26, 2015, Seabrook signed an 8-year contract extension with the Blackhawks.

His younger brother Keith plays for the Rockford IceHogs of the AHL.
Awards
He won the gold medal with Canada at the IIHF World U18 Championships gold medalist in 2003.
He won the silver medal with Canada ath the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2004.
He was named to the WHL East Second All-Star Team in 2005.
He won the gold medal with Canada at the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2005.
He participated in the NHL YoungStars Game in 2006.
He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010.
He won the gold medal with Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2013.

References

Other websites

1985 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Norfolk Admirals players
Lethbridge Hurricanes players
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
Viktor Stålberg (born January 17, 1986 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a professional Swedish ice hockey right winger that currently signed to the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Stålberg formerly played in the NHL with the Toronto Maple Leafs for 1 season and the Chicago Blackhawks for 3 seasons. During his time with the Blackhawks, he won the Stanley Cup with them after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. On July 5, 2013, Stålberg signed a $12 million, 4 year deal with the Nashville Predators. He has also played for the J20 Superelit league team, Frölunda HC and played collegiately for the University of Vermont Catamounts.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

1986 births
American Hockey League players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Milwaukee Admirals players
Nashville Predators players
Sportspeople from Gothenburg
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish Hockey League players
Swedish ice hockey right wingers
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Toronto Marlies players
Brent Bernard Sopel (born January 7, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a parts of 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, and the Montreal Canadiens. He also played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for parts of 4 seasons with Metallurg Novokuznetsk and Salavat Yulaev Ufa.

He signed a 2-year contract with Metallurg Novokuznetsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) on July 29, 2011.

On February 27, 2015, Sopel retired from playing professional ice hockey.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1977 births
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Chicago Wolves players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Islanders players
Sportspeople from Calgary
Stanley Cup champions
Saskatoon Blades players
Swift Current Broncos players
Syracuse Crunch players
Vancouver Canucks players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
People with dyslexia
Benjamin Eager  (born January 22, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played 407 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, San Jose Sharks, and Edmonton Oilers.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Eager played 4 seasons with the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 23rd overall pick by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. On June 9th, 2010, Eager won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks.

On July 11, 2014, he signed a one-year contract with HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He played one season for the Chicago Wolves before retiring.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1984 births
Living people
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Chicago Wolves players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Oklahoma City Barons players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Philadelphia Phantoms players
San Jose Sharks players
Sportspeople from Ottawa
Stanley Cup champions
Ontario Hockey League players
Bedtime Stories is a 2008 movie directed by Adam Shankman starring Adam Sandler.

Other websites
 Official site
 
 
 

2008 comedy movies
2000s fantasy-comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
The San Francisco Chronicle is a newspaper in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young.

References

Other websites
Official website

Newspapers in California
Companies based in San Francisco
1865 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in California
Brecqhou is one of the Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. It is just west of Sark and has a surface area of about 200 acres (0.81 km2; 0.31 sq mi).

It is outside of the United Kingdom and not part of the  European union. Brecqhou has a castle that belongs to the Barclay brothers, owners of London's The Daily Telegraph. The castle is sometimes used for meetings and filing of papers outside of the United Kingdom.

References 

Islands of the Channel Islands
Guernsey
Hurricane Donna was a Cape Verde-type hurricane. It happened in 1960. It moved across the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispanola, Cuba, The Bahamas, and every state on the East Coast of the United States.  

Hurricane Donna holds the record for keeping major hurricane status in the Atlantic Basin for the longest period of time.  For nine days, September 2 to September 11, Donna had maximum sustained winds of at least . 

Hurricane Donna was a very destructive hurricane.  It made a lot of damage from the Lesser Antilles to New England. At least 364 people were killed by the hurricane. Over $900 million in damage was done (1960 USD).

Because of its damage and the high death amount associated with the hurricane, the name Donna was retired.  It will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. The name was replaced by Dora in 1964.

References
References

Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in Puerto Rico
20th century in Haiti
20th century in the Dominican Republic
1960s in Cuba
20th century in the Bahamas
1960 in the United States
1960s in Canada
Hurricanes in Virginia
Hurricanes in South Carolina
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Deadly storms
1960s in weather
Donna
John Madden (born May 4, 1973 in Barrie, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player that played a total of 13 seasons in the NHL. During his time in the NHL he played 10 seasons with the New Jersey Devils where he won the Stanley Cup 2 times, 1 season with the Chicago Blackhawks where he also won the Stanley Cup, 1 season with the Minnesota Wild and 1 season with the Florida Panthers.  

On September 4, 2012, Madden retired from the NHL. He currently works with the Montreal Canadiens as a scout and evaluating amateur free agent talent in United States college hockey.

Awards
Stanley Cup (with the New Jersey Devils) (2000)
Frank J. Selke Trophy (2001).
Stanley Cup (with the New Jersey Devils) (2003)
Stanley Cup (with the Chicago Blackhawks) (2010)

References

Other websites
Other websites

1973 births
Albany River Rats players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Minnesota Wild players
New Jersey Devils players
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
The C14 Timberwolf MRSWS is an bolt action sniper rifle that is manually operated and was originally developed by Canada. 

The C14 Timberwolf uses the  .338 Lapua Magnum cartridge, with a muzzle velocity (The velocity of bullet leaving the rifle) of over 823 meters per second and has a maximum effective range of 1,500 meters.

It is currently used in the Afghanistan war.

Rifles
Billy the Exterminator (named The Exterminators for season one) was an American television program. The program follows Vexcon employees, Billy and Ricky Breatherton as they try to rid pests and unwanted animals from clients homes and businesses in Louisiana. It ran from February 4, 2009 until it ended on November 25, 2016.

On September 9, 2016, a new series called Billy Goes North aired on CMT in Canada. It had Billy go to Canada to do his exterminations. In the United States, it was called the seventh season of Billy the Exterminator.

References

Other websites 
 Vexcon's Offcial website
 Official The Exterminators TV Series website at A&E

2009 American television series debuts
2016 American television series endings
American reality television series
English-language television programs
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international agreement to protect the rights and freedom of people with disabilities. The convention was based on international human rights laws that were made after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was ratified.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the convention on 13 December 2006. It has been in effect since 3 May 2008. As of October 2023, 188 countries have ratified the convention (they have promised the United Nations they will obey the convention). As of 23 December 2010, the European Union has collectively ratified the convention.

Part of the Convention includes meetings to make sure the convention is being followed. People with disabilities can also take part in these meetings.

Main Contents 
You can find an Easy Read explanation about the Convention here. Easy Read is written in Simple English and has pictures to help people understand.
Preamble 
The preamble (beginning) of the Convention recognizes these things:
 The Convention follows the rules set down by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, other conventions based on the Declaration, and the main idea of the Vienna Declaration (including sustainable development)
 Many people with disabilities suffer from domestic violence, bullying, neglect and poverty
 Everyone is responsible for protecting the rights of people with disabilities. Each person has a duty to every other person and to their community.

Article 1. Purpose

Article 1 sets out the purposes or goals of the convention:
 To promote and protect the rights of people with disabilities
 To make sure people with disabilities enjoy the same human rights and freedoms as people without disabilities
 To respect the dignity of people with disabilities
Article 1 also says that there are many types of disabilities: physical disabilities, mental illnesses, intellectual disabilities, muteness, deafness, and blindness. According to Article 1, all of these people should be protected by the convention.

Article 2. Meaning of Words
Article 2 explains what certain words in the Convention mean. For example:
 Communication means any sort of communication, not just spoken language. It can also mean display of text, Braille, communication by touch, large writing, audio, simple languages, human-readers, information technology, and other ways of nonverbal communication.
 Language includes sign language, and other non-spoken languages, as well as spoken ones.
 Discrimination on the basis of disabilities means that:
 A person with a disability has been limited or excluded from doing something a non-disabled person could do, just because they have a disability; or
 A reasonable accommodation could have been made for people with disabilities, but was not
 Reasonable accommodation means the aid and support people with disabilities may need to enjoy all human rights.
 Universal design is a way of designing products and services so that all people can use them.

Article 3. General Principles
Article 3 says the convention is based on these values and goals:
 Respect for dignity and autonomy, including the freedom to make one's own choices
 Non-discrimination
 Full acceptance of people with disabilities into society
 Respect and acceptance for people with disabilities as human beings
 Social equality between people with disabilities and people without disabilities
 People with disabilities should have the same chances and opportunities that people without disabilities have
 Fair accessibility
 Social equality between men and women
 Respect and acceptance for children with disabilities

Article 4. General Obligation

Article 4 says that countries must make sure people with disabilities have full human rights by:
 Changing national laws
 Getting rid of laws which discriminate against people with disabilities
 Stopping practices which go against the Convention

Article 5. Social Equality
Countries must forbid all discrimination because of disability. Countries must also protect all persons against discrimination.

Article 6. Women

Countries must understand that women and girls with disabilities suffer from double discrimination (they face discrimination both because they are disabled and because they are female). Countries must protect them so that they can enjoy human rights equally.

Article 7. Children

Countries must take action to make sure children with disabilities enjoy the same rights and freedoms as children without disabilities. In all actions about children with disabilities, the most important thing is the child's best interests  what is best for the child. Children with disabilities should be able to have a say in decisions that affect them.

Article 8. Raising Awareness

Countries must raise awareness and increase respect toward persons with disabilities. They must work to correct stereotypes and prejudice against people with disabilities.
Article 9. Accessibility
Countries must make changes (reasonable accommodations) and laws so people with disabilities can:
 Access the physical environment (for example, using public transportation or getting into public buildings)
 Access information (for example, through the Internet)
 Communicate (whether through spoken words, Braille, sign language, or some other way)

Article 10. Right to Life
Every human being has the right to live. Countries must do everything they can to make sure people with disabilities can enjoy life as fully as people without disabilities can.

Article 11. Situations of Risk and Humanitarian Emergency

When war, a natural disaster, or any other kind of emergency happens, countries must protect and save persons with disabilities. This is in line with international law on humanitarian aid and human rights.

Article 12. Equal Recognition Before the Law
Countries should give people with disabilities the support they need to exercise their legal rights  for example, by:
 Owning property
 Controlling their own money
 Having access to bank loan and credit

Countries should also make sure that nobody takes advantage of people with disabilities.

Article 13. Access to Justice

People with disabilities have the right to access the justice and court systems just like people without disabilities. Countries must give special training on dealing with individuals with disabilities to people working in the justice system, including police and prison guards.

Person with disabilities has the right to access to the justice and court equally with other persons. To help this countries must do training for police and staff in prison. This Ariticle is cited with Article 12 by UN Office on Drugs and Crime.

Article 14. Liberty and Security of the Person
People with disabilities have the right to liberty and safety. A person's freedom can never be taken away just because they have a disability. Countries must make sure people with disabilities are free and safe, even if this means making reasonable accommodations.

Article 15. Freedom from Torture or Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

All people are free from:
 Torture
 Cruel or inhuman treatment or punishment
 Degrading (humiliating) treatment or punishment
 Scientific testing done on them without their permission

Article 16. Freedom from Violence and Abuse

Countries must do everything they can to protect people with disabilities from violence and abuse.

Article 17. Protecting the Integrity of the Person

Every person with disabilities has a right to be given respect for his or her physical integrity and mental integrity, the same way people without disabilities are.

Article 18. Liberty of Movement and Nationality
People with disabilities have the right to move about freely, without being restricted. They have the right to choose their nationality and where they want to live.

Article 19. Living Independently and Being Accepted In the Community

People with disabilities have the right to choose where they want to live, and who they want to live with. They cannot be forced to live in a certain place just because they are disabled. They should have supports and services to help them live independently at home and participate in their communities. Community activities should be accessible to people with disabilities. People with disabilities should not be isolated or segregated from society.

Article 20. (Personal moving)

Countries must do any policy for persons with disabilities to get personal moving aides and support at cheap cost.

Article 21. (Freedom of expression, opinion and access to information)
Countries must do all policy for person with disabilities to be able to express, to state opinion and to seek, receive and share information and ideas through Braille, sign languages and Internet.

Article 22. (Respect for private life)

Countries must protect the private life of persons with disabilities about their own health and rehabilitation information.

Article 23. (Respect for home and family)

Countries must do all policy to abolish discrimination against persons with disabilities about marriage, family, adoption, being parents and relationships. Any compulsory sterilization must be prohibited.

Article 24. (Education)