Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Don Adams (April 13, 1923 – September 25, 2005), born Donald James Yarmy, was an American actor, comedian and director. He was best known for his role as Maxwell Smart (Agent 86) in the TV situation comedy Get Smart (1965–1970, 1995), for which he also directed and wrote. Adams won three consecutive Emmy Awards for his role (1967–1969). He was also famous for voicing the cartoon characters Tennessee Tuxedo and Inspector Gadget.

Other websites 

The Get Smart Page
Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82
When Being Funny Means Having to Say You're Sorry About That, Chief
Guardian obituary and obituary letter
Find A Grave link

1923 births
2005 deaths
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Emmy Award winning actors
Benjamin Géza Affleck-Boldt (born August 15, 1972) is an American actor, movie director, producer and screenwriter. He became well known in the late 1990s, after acting in the movie Good Will Hunting. He has since become a Hollywood star having acted in several movies.

Affleck began playing the role of Batman in the DC Extended Universe beginning with the 2016 movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.

Family background
Affleck was born in Berkeley, California and grew up in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His mother, Christine Anne "Chris" Affleck (née Boldt), was a school district employee and teacher. His father, Timothy Byers Affleck, has been a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, writer, director, and actor with the Theater Company of Boston. After learning that he had slave-owning ancestors from Savannah, Georgia, he tried to hide it but got caught and apologized.
Affleck's mother was a freedom rider in the 1960s; until her retirement, she was a public school teacher in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His younger brother is actor Casey Affleck. He has English, Irish, Scottish, German, Swedish, Swiss, Northern Irish (Scots-Irish), Welsh and French ancestry. The surname "Affleck" is of Scottish origin, and his middle name, "Géza", was the name of a family friend. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family.

From 2005 to 2018, he was married to actress Jennifer Garner. In 2022, he married singer Jennifer Lopez. He has three children with Garner.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Entwagon.com : Ben Affleck
 A thorough Biography
1972 births
Living people
Academy Award winning writers
Actors from Massachusetts
American movie actors
Episcopalians
Businesspeople from Berkeley, California
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
American screenwriters
American television actors
American television producers
American television writers
American voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning writers
Movie directors from California
Movie directors from Massachusetts
Movie producers from California
Movie producers from Massachusetts
Actors from Berkeley, California
Saturn Award winners
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
Actors who played Batman
The Cosby Show was an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, first broadcast on September 20, 1984 and ran for eight seasons on the NBC television network, until April 30, 1992.

The series was based on comedy routines in Cosby's stand-up comedy act, which in turn were based on his family life. 

The show was about the Cosby family, an upper middle class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York City.

Other websites 

1980s American black sitcoms
1984 American television series debuts
1990s American sitcoms
1992 American television series endings‏‎ 
Brooklyn in fiction
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs
Golden Globe Award winning programs
NBC network shows
Television series set in New York City
Wembley Stadium is a football stadium in London, England.  It was built from 2003 to 2007 in the same spot that the first Wembley Stadium was built. It holds 90,000 seats. The new stadium features an arch that was designed not to cast a shadow over the stadium while games are played and to help hold part of the roof up. The FA Cup final is played at and both FA Cup semi-finals as well. It also hosts the League Cup final and several other English cup finals. The England national football team play their home matches here.

As well as sports, the new Wembley Stadium, like the first one, is also used for concerts. Metallica, Muse, and George Michael have performed there.  Also, the Concert for Diana was held there on July 1, 2007, and the London Live Earth concert was held there six days later, on July 7.
The new Wembley also hosts NFL games as part of the NFL International Series. The first NFL game there was the New York Giants and the Miami Dolphins. The Jacksonville Jaguars currently have a deal to play one home game in London from 2013 to 2020. Wembley stadium now has the rule of no bags allowed in  the stadium following the example from previous NFL games. Anything bigger than an A4 sized bag will result in a 10 pounds charge to store it.

References

Related pages 
 Wembley Stadium (1923)

Football stadiums in London
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Brent
Port Dover Composite School was a public high school in Port Dover, Ontario, Canada. The high school was open to both men and women. There were no school uniforms and it is free for Canadian citizens to attend from ages 14 to 21 years of age. In the past, the school hosted a dinosaur music party in French as well as other special events.

This high school was officially closed on January 31, 2013 due to an increasing amount of elderly people in the area and a decreasing amount of children and young people.

Schools in  Ontario
2013 disestablishments in North America
2010s disestablishments in Canada
Rouben Mamoulian (Armenian: Ռուբեն Մամուլյան) (October 8, 1897 – December 4, 1987) was an Armenian-American movie and theatre director.

Born in Tbilisi, Georgia (ruled at that time by imperial Russia) to an Armenian family, Rouben relocated to England and started directing plays in London in 1922. He moved to America the next year to teach in Eastman School of Music and was involved in directing opera and theatre. In 1930, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.

1897 births
1987 deaths
Armenian movie directors
People from Tbilisi
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American theatre directors
American movie directors
Ivan Aivazovsky (Russian: Иван Константинович Айвазовский, Armenian: Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29, 1817 – May 5, 1900) was an Armenian painter, most famous for his seascapes, which make up more than half of his paintings.

Gallery 

Armenian artists
1900 deaths
1817 births
A thistle tube is made of glass and is used in laboratories to add liquid to beakers of other liquids or sometimes to other pieces of equipment.

Characteristics 
A thistle tube is a long hollow pole of glass which has a funnel at the top. Liquid is put into the top and travels down the tube and comes out the thin end of the tube in small drips which can be used anywhere. It is usually quite precise.

Other websites
Information on the function of a thistle tube 
Thistle Tube feeders for birds merchandise 

Laboratory equipment
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an international organization with a membership of 188 Member States and Territories. It was originally known as the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. 

In 1950, the United Nations created the WMO for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. The current president is Alexander Bedritsky and the current Secretary-General is Michel Jarraudwho were both elected by the 14th World Meteorological Congress in 2003.

World Meteorological Day
World Meteorological Day is celebrated every year on March 23 which was founded by the organization itself.

Other websites
World Meteorological Organization 
Founding charter 
NOAA: Retired Hurricane Names 
WMO country codes

United Nations
Organizations based in Geneva
1873 establishments
A static mixer is a piece of equipment that is used to mix liquids in laboratories. It has a unique shape.

Structure 
A static mixer is made up of rectangular plates twisted around at 180° so that they make a double-helix shape.

Liquids flow along the curves of the static mixer and also are separated by the smooth sides of the mixer. The mixer can also be turned clockwise, or right, and then quickly turned counter-clockwise, or left. This creates opposite currents in the liquid and mixes it more efficiently.

Uses 
The static mixer can be used to mix acids and alkalis for a neutralization. It can also be used to mix two liquids that normally wouldn't mix, like oil and water (see emulsion). It separates the particles of the water and oil until they become so small that they mix.

Advantages 
Simple shape - easy to clean
Doesn't need electricity - saves money and can be used in otherwise explosive areas
Manual - easy to use

Related pages
Separating funnel

References
References

Other websites 
In depth article on Static mixers directed towards students 
In depth article on Static mixers
Different types of Static Mixers

Laboratory equipment
Komárno is a town in the southwest of Slovakia. It is an important, historical town which is famous for having a historical fortification.

The river Vah flows into the Danube at Komárno. The Danube at this point forms the border between the countries Slovakia and Hungary.  The Hungarian name for the town is Komárom.

History 
At first there was just one town, with the Danube flowing through the middle of the town. Since the end of World War I, when Czechoslovakia became a separate country from Hungary, the town has been split into two: Komárno is on the left (north) bank of the river, now in Slovakia, and Komárom is on the right (south) bank of the river, in Hungary.  Komárno has a population of 37.000 and Komárom has a population of 19.600.  The two towns are joined by a bridge.
People have lived in the area of Komárno for thousands of years. The first castle was built in the 10th century.  In 1244 a law was made which said that every merchant who sailed a boat down the Danube past Komárno had to stop for several days in Komárno and unload all the cargo so that people could buy it if they wanted. If the merchant did not want to do this he had to pay a large duty (amount of money) to continue his journey. This law was stopped in 1751.  

In the 15th century Komárno had become very important.  The rulers and the court of the kingdom of Hungary often stayed there.  The fortress was very powerful and they managed to fight off Turkish invaders after the Turks had already captured Esztergom and Buda.  The fort was badly damaged in 1783 in an earthquake, but it was built up again because of the Napoleonic wars.
Today Komárno is a nice town to visit. There are many tourist attractions, especially the fort which is on the Hungarian side of the town (Komárom).  There are also spa health centres where people can swim or bathe gently in the waters which help to make people who are ill healthy again.

Notable people 
Famous people who were born in Komárno are:  

 Mór Jókai, (1825-1904), a famous Hungarian writer 
 Franz Lehár (1870-1948) – the Hungarian-born Austrian composer who wrote popular operettas such as "The Merry Widow" 
 Slovak-born Canadian Hollywood movie director Ivan Reitman (1946- )

References 

Settlements in Slovakia
Towns in Europe
Komarno (, , ) is a city in the Horodok Raion (district) of the Lviv Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. 4,000 people live there. It was founded in 1324. In the center of town is an old Polish Kostel (Catholic Church). There is also an old wooden church with ancient icons. The river Vereshytsia flows through the town. 

The Hasidic dynasty of Komarno comes from this town.

Cities in Lviv Oblast
1324 establishments
Establishments in Ukraine
1320s establishments in Europe
In statistics and probability theory, correlation is a way to indicate how closely related two sets of data are.

Correlation does not always mean that one causes the other. In fact, it is very possible that there is a third factor involved.

Correlation usually has one of two directions. These are positive or negative. If it is positive, then the two sets go up together. If it is negative, then one goes up while the other goes down.

Lots of different measurements of correlation are used for different situations. For example, on a scatter graph, people draw a line of best fit to show the direction of the correlation.
Explaining correlation 
Strong and weak are words used to describe the strength of correlation. If there is strong correlation, then the points are all close together. If there is weak correlation, then the points are all spread apart.
There are ways of making numbers show how strong the correlation is. These measurements are called correlation coefficients. The best known is the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, sometimes denoted by  or its Greek equivalent . You put in data into a formula, and it gives you a number between -1 and 1. If the number is 1 or −1, then there is strong correlation. If the answer is 0, then there is no correlation. Another kind of correlation coefficient is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Correlation vs causation 
Correlation does not always mean that one thing causes the other (causation), because there might be something else that is at play.
For example, on hot days people buy ice cream, and people also go to the beach where some are eaten by sharks. There is a correlation between ice cream sales and shark attacks (they both go up as the temperature goes up in this case). But just because ice cream sales go up does not mean ice cream sales cause (causation) more shark attacks or vice versa.

Because correlation does not imply causation, scientists, economists, etc. will test their theories by creating isolated environments where only one factor is changed (where this is possible). However, politicians, salesmen, news outlets and others often suggest that a particular correlation implies causation. This may be due to ignorance or a wish to persuade. Thus, a news report may attract attention by saying that people who consume a particular product more often have a particular health problem, implying a causation that could be actually due to something else.

Related pages
 Rank correlation

Notes and references

Further readings
Further readings 

 Cohen, J., Cohen P., West, S.G., & Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (3rd ed.) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Other websites
  Correlation Information – At StatisticalEngineering.com 
 Statsoft Electronic Textbook 
 Pearson's Correlation Coefficient – How to work it out it quickly
 Learning by Simulations – The spread of the correlation coefficient
 CorrMatr.c  simple program for working out a correlation matrix
 Understanding Correlation  – More beginner's information by a Hawaii professor

Statistics
Sunscreen (also known as sunblock, or sun cream) is a photo-protective topical product that helps prevent skin damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun. It reduces sunburn and other skin damage, with the goal lowering your risk of skin cancer.  

The most effective sunscreens protect against both UVB (ultraviolet radiation with wavelength between 290 and 320 nanometres), which can cause sunburn, and UVA (between 320 and 400 nanometres), which damages the skin with more long-term effects, such as premature skin aging. Most sunscreens work by containing either a petrochemical compound that absorbs ultraviolet light (such as oxybenzone) or minerals that reflects light (such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide), or a combination of both.
Sunscreen is regulated as an OTC product by the FDA. Most sunscreens are not considered reef safe as they use petrochemicals. As such the use of  petrochemical based sunscreen has been banned in ecological and progressive area's, such as, Mexico's Marine Reserves, the State of Hawaii, Aruba, Thailand's National Park areas, the Marshal Islands.

Care
The First Council of Nicaea was held in Nicaea, in Bithynia in 325. Nicea is the city of Iznik in Turkey. The Roman Emperor Constantine I called the bishops of the Roman Empire to the first ecumenical conference of the early Christian Church. It had as most important result the first uniform Christian doctrine, called the Nicene Creed.

With the creation of the creed, a precedent was established for subsequent 'general (ecumenical) councils of Bishops' (Synods) to create statements of belief and church law. The purpose was to define unity of beliefs for the whole of Christendom.

Agenda 

The agenda of the synod were:
 The Arian question;
 The celebration of Passover;
 The Meletian schism;
 The Father and Son one in purpose or in person;
 The baptism of heretics;
 The status of the lapsed in the persecution under Licinius.

Main points
Main points 

The purpose of the council was to resolve disagreements in the Church of Alexandria over the nature of Jesus in relationship to the Father; in particular, whether Jesus was of the same substance as God the Father or merely of similar substance. St. Alexander of Alexandria and Athanasius took the first position; the popular presbyter Arius, from whom the term Arian controversy comes, took the second.  The council decided against the Arians (of the estimated 250-318 attendees, all but 2 voted against Arius). But many of the Eastern bishops who were pro-Arian, were prevented from reaching the Council until after the vote had been taken.
Another result of the council was an agreement on the date of the Christian Passover (Pascha in Greek; Easter in modern English), the most important feast of the ecclesiastical calendar. The council decided in favour of celebrating the resurrection on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox, independently of the Bible's Hebrew calendar and authorized the Bishop of Alexandria to announce annually the exact date to his fellow bishops.
The Council of Nicaea was historically significant because it was the first effort to come to a consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom. "It was the first occasion for the development of technical Christology." Further, "Constantine in convoking and presiding over the council signaled a measure of imperial control over the church." With the creation of the Nicene Creed, a precedent was established for subsequent general councils to create a statement of belief and canons which were intended to become guidelines for doctrinal orthodoxy and a source of unity for the whole of Christendom — a momentous event in the history of the Church and subsequent history of Europe.

Character and purpose
The First Council of Nicaea was called by Constantine I upon the recommendations of a synod led by Hosius of Cordoba in the Eastertide of 325. To most bishops, the teachings of Arius were heretical and a danger to the salvation of souls. In the summer of 325, the bishops of all provinces came to Nicaea (now known as İznik, in modern-day Turkey), a place easily accessible to the majority of them, particularly those of Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Greece, and Thrace.

Approximately 300 bishops attended, from every region of the Empire except Britain. This was the first general council in the history of the Church since the Apostolic Council of Jerusalem. In the Council of Nicaea, “The Church had taken her first great step to define doctrine more precisely in response to a challenge from a heretical theology.” The resolutions in the council, being ecumenical, were intended for the whole Church.
Attendees 
Constantine had invited all 1800 bishops of the Christian church (about 1000 in the east and 800 in the west), but only 250 to 320 bishops actually participated. Eusebius of Caesarea counted 250, Athanasius of Alexandria counted 318, and Eustathius of Antioch counted 270 (all three were present at the council). Later, Socrates Scholasticus recorded more than 300, and Evagrius, Hilarius, Jerome and Rufinus recorded 318.

The bishops were given free travel to the council, as well as lodging. These bishops did not travel alone; each one had permission to bring with him two priests and three deacons; so the total number of attendees would have been above 1500. Eusebius speaks of an almost innumerable host of accompanying priests, deacons and acolytes.

A special prominence was also attached to this council because the persecution of Christians had just ended with the February 313 Edict of Milan by Emperors Constantine and Licinius.
The Eastern bishops formed the great majority. Of these, the first rank was held by the three patriarchs: Alexander of Alexandria, Eustathius of Antioch, and Macarius of Jerusalem.
The Latin-speaking provinces sent at least five representatives: Marcus of Calabria from Italia, Cecilian of Carthage from Africa, Hosius of Córdoba from Hispania, Nicasius of Dijon from Gaul, and Domnus of Stridon from the province of the Danube. Pope Silvester I did not attend, telling he was ill, but he was represented by two priests.

Athanasius of Alexandria, a young deacon and companion of Bishop Alexander of Alexandria, was among the assistants. Athanasius eventually spent most of his life battling against Arianism. Alexander of Constantinople, then a presbyter, was also present as representative of his aged bishop.

Notes

Bibliography
Bibliography

Primary sources 
 Eusebius of Caesarea, Letter of Eusebius of Cæsarea to the people of his Diocese Account of the Council of Nicea; The Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine Book 3, Chapters VI-XXI treat the First Council of Nicaea.
 Athanasius of Alexandria, Defence of the Nicene Definition; Ad Afros Epistola Synodica
 Eustathius of Antioch, Letter recorded in Theodoret H.E. 1.7
 Socrates, Of the Synod which was held at Nicæa in Bithynia, and the Creed there put forth Book 1 Chapter 8 of his Ecclesiastical History, 5th century source.
 Sozomen, Of the Council convened at Nicæa on Account of Arius Book 1 Chapter 17 of his Ecclesiastical History, a 5th century source.
 Theodoret, General Council of Nicæa Book 1 Chapter 6 of his Ecclesiastical History; The Epistle of the Emperor Constantine, concerning the matters transacted at the Council, addressed to those Bishops who were not present Book 1 Chapter 9 of his Ecclesiastical History, a 5th century source;
Literature 
 Carroll, Warren H., The Building of Christendom, 1987, 
 Davis, S.J., Leo Donald, The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787), 1983, 
 Kelly, J.N.D., The Nicene Crisis in Early Christian Doctrines, 1978, 
 Kelly, J.N.D., The Creed of Nicea in Early Christian Creeds, 1982, 
 Newman, John Henry., The Ecumenical Council of Nicæa in the Reign of Constantine from Arians of the Fourth Century, 1871
 Rubenstein, Richard E., When Jesus Became God: The Epic Fight Over Christ's Divinity in the Last Days of Rome, 2003, 
 Rusch, William G. "The Trinitarian Controversy", Sources of Christian Thought Series, 
 Schaff, Philip The first ecumenical council'' includes creed and canons of the council.
 Tanner S.J., Norman P., "The Councils of the Church: A Short History", 2001,
Other websites 
 Catholic Encyclopedia: First Council of Nicaea
 The Road to Nicaea a descriptive overview of the events of the Council, by John Anthony McGuckin.
 The Council of Nicaea and the Bible. This article deals with the legend that the canon of the bible was discussed at the council.
 Council of Nicaea in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 Council of Nicaea

Nicaea 1
325
Oscypek (in Polish, Oštiepok in Slovak language) is a smoked cheese from Poland and Slovakia.

Oscypek was originally made from sheep's milk, but it can also be made from cow's milk.

Cheeses
Polish food
Slovakia
Bigos is a traditional dish from Poland and Lithuania. Bigos is created from cabbage (normal and sauerkraut) and meat. In very rare cases bigos can be made without meat or cabbage, but the presence of sauerkraut is absolutely essential.

Other websites 
Bigos in wikinew`s cookbook

Polish food
Lithuanian culture
Kaliber 44 is a hip hop band from Poland. It was created in 1994 by Piotr Łuszcz ("Magik"), Marcin Marten ("AbraDab") and Michał Marten ("Joka"). The first part of the title should indicate the caliber of the issues the group is talking about. The second part is taken from 'Dziady' of Adam Mickiewicz (Vision of the priest Peter).

Discography

Studio albums 
Księga Tajemnicza. Prolog (Mysterious Book. Prologue) (1996)
W 63 minuty dookoła świata (Around the world in 63 minutes) (1998)
3:44 (2000)

Singles 
"Magia i miecz" (The magic and the sword) (1996)
"Film" (Movie)(1998)
"Konfrontacje" (Confrontations) (2000)

Hip hop bands
Polish musical groups
1994 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Poland
Lupin, often spelled lupine in North America, is the common name for members of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae. 

The genus includes between 150-200 species, and has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean region - Subgen. Lupinus, and the Americas - Subgen. Platycarpos (Wats.) Kurl.
Lupins as an introduced pest 
In New Zealand lupins have escaped into the wild and grow in large numbers along main roads and streams in South Island. The seeds are carried by car tires and water flow, and unfortunately, some tourist shops in the major tourist areas have been reported to have sold packets of lupin seeds to tourists, with the instructions to plant, water and watch them grow into a giant beanstalk. They are principally blue, pink and violet, with some yellow, and are very attractive, providing colourful vistas with a backdrop of mountains and lakes. The New Zealand environment authorities have a campaign to reduce their numbers, although this seems a hopeless task, especially when faced with such ignorance as mentioned above. In fields they seem to be eradicated by sheep, and hence remain largely restricted to ungrazed roadside verges and stream banks.

References 
5. Diaporthe toxica sp.nov., the cause of lupinosis in sheep.  Williamson et al. 1994, Mycological Research 98 (12) 1364-1365
Other websites 

Nitrogen Cycle
Lupins Resource Website
Alternative Field Crops Manual: Lupine
Lupins

Flowers
Faboideae
The bar (symbol bar), decibar (symbol dbar) and the millibar (symbol mbar, also mb) are units of pressure. They are not SI units, but they are anyhow also used with (although discouraged) for use with the SI. The bar is still used in descriptions of pressure because it is about the same as atmospheric pressure.

Terms 
The bar, decibar and millibar are known as:
 1 bar = 100,000 pascals (Pa) = 1,000,000 dynes per square centimeter (baryes)
 1 dbar = 0.1 bar = 10,000 Pa = 100,000 dyn/cm²
 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 100 Pa = 1,000 dyn/cm²

(A pascal is one newton per square meter.)

Origin 
The word bar has its origin in the Greek word βάρος (baros), meaning weight. Its official symbol is "bar"; the earlier "b" is now no longer used, but still often seen especially as "mb" rather than the correct "mbar" for millibars.

The bar and millibar were defined by Sir Napier Shaw in 1909 and internationally used in 1929.
Other websites 
Official SI website: Table 8. Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI 
Conversion factors from bar to various pressure units

Units of pressure
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure or stress. It is a measure of perpendicular force per unit area i.e. equal to one newton per square meter. In everyday life, the pascal is maybe best known from meteorological air-pressure reports, where it happens in the form of hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa). In other cases, the kilopascal is more commonly used, for example on bicycle tire labels. One hectopascal corresponds to 0.1 and one kilopascal to about 1% of atmospheric pressure (near sea level).

It is named after the French mathematician and physicist, Blaise Pascal.

References

Related pages 
Atmosphere (unit)

SI derived units
Units of pressure
Jerez de la Frontera is a city in the province of Cádiz, in the region of Andalusia in Spain. It is famous as the home of the wine called sherry, whose name comes from the city's old Arabic name, pronounced Sherish. 

Jerez de la Frontera, once called Xeres, has a rich history from the days of the Moorish Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. Part of its name, de la Frontera, means "of the frontier" because it was on the border between Islamic and Christian populations.

The city is well known for breeding and training the world-famous Andalusian horses. Flamenco dance is a popular cultural feature of the city.

Other websites
Tourist information
Limited government is a form of government with roles and powers given, and limited by law, usually in a written constitution. A limited government has only the powers that the people give it. 

Related to this idea is "small government" – a system that put most of its power in smaller groups, such as private businesses and its own citizens. On the other hand, “big government” involves a great amount of intervention by the state.

In Great Britain, the idea of limited government is part of the political tradition. It was started by the Magna Carta, which limited the power of King John. The execution of Charles I and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 reinforced this. Even monarchs had to accept limits to their power, and parliamentary democracy became more important.

In the United States, the idea of limited government is written into the United States Constitution.

Forms of government
The Azores () is an archipelago of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean; they are about  west of Lisbon and about  southeast of Newfoundland. The islands, and their Exclusive Economic Zone, form the Autonomous Region of the Azores, one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.

There are nine major Azores islands and several very small islands (islets), in three main groups. They extend for more than  and lie in a northwest-southeast direction.

The archipelago is part of the Macaronesia islands.

History

Officially, the islands were discovered in the 15th century (in 1431) by Gonçalo Velho Cabral a Captain in the service of Infante Dom Henrique, although credit is also given to the explorer Diogo de Silves (in 1427).

The archipelago was settled over the centuries, mostly from mainland Portugal. Portuguese settlers came from the provinces of Algarve, Minho, Alentejo and Ribatejo, as well as Madeira.
In 1976, the Azores became the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), an autonomous region of Portugal.

Geography

The archipelago is in the Atlantic Ocean between 36º and 43º latitude North and between 25º and 31º longitude West. They have a very humid oceanic climate with relatively small annual variations.

The nine islands are in three natural geographic groups, each group separated by more than  of water. These groups are:
 The eastern group, with the islands of São Miguel and Santa Maria;
 The central group, with the islands of Faial, Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, and Pico;
 The western group, with the islands of Flores and Corvo.

The eastern group also has, to the northeast of Santa Maria, a group of very small islands (islets) and reefs that are named Ilhéus das Formigas (Islets of the Ants), or just Formigas ("Ants"); these smalls islands, together with the Dollabarat reef, form the Reserva Natural do Ilhéu das Formigas.
The nine islands have a total area of . Their individual areas vary between  of the largest island (São Miguel) to  of the smallest (Corvo).

All the islands have volcanic origins, although some, such as Santa Maria, have had no recorded activity since the islands were settled. The last volcano to erupt in the archipelago was the Capelinhos Volcano () in 1957, in the western part of the island of Faial. Earthquakes are common on most of the islands.

The Azores are on place where three of the world's large tectonic plates (the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate) meet. The westernmost islands of the archipelago, (Corvo and Flores), are in the North American Plate, while the remaining islands are located within the region where the Eurasian plate is separated from the African Plates.

The volcano Mount Pico, on the Pico island, is the highest point in Portugal, at .
Climate
Daily maximum temperatures usually range between  and . The average annual rainfall increases from east to west, and it ranges from 700 to 1600 annual millimetres (27.6–63 in) on average, reaching  on Mount Pico.

The sea around the Azores is warmed by the Gulf Stream and sea water temperature varies from  to .

Hurricanes
A total of 11 tropical or subtropical cyclones have affected the region in history. Most of them were either extratropical or tropical storms when they impacted the region, although several hurricanes of Category 1 have reached the Azores.

Administration
When the Azores became an Autonomous Region of Portugal, the cities of Ponta Delgada, Angra and Horta were considered capital/administrative cities to the regional government: homes to the President (Ponta Delgada), the Judiciary (Angra) and the Regional Assembly (Horta).
The Azores are divided into 19 municipalities (); each municipality is further divided into parishes (), of which there is a total of 156 in all of the Azores.  The municipalities, by island, are:

Cities

There are five cities () in the Azores:
Ponta Delgada (), São Miguel island, with 68,809 inhabitants: 33,516 men and 35,293 women.
Ribeira Grande (), São Miguel island, with 32,112 inhabitants: 16,187 men and 15,925 women.
Angra do Heroísmo (), Terceira island, with 35,402 inhabitants: 17,270 men and 18, 132 women.
Praia da Vitória (), Terceira island, with 21,035 inhabitants: 10,434 men and 10,601 women.
Horta (), Faial island, with 14,994 inhabitants: 7,324 men and 7,670 women.

Population
According to the 2011 Census, the total population in the Azores was 246,746: 121,533 men and 125,213 women. The density for the whole Archipelago is 106 persons/km2.

Economy
The Azores economy is based mainly on agriculture, fisheries and tourism.
In the agriculture sector, cattle-raising is very important. Some of the most important crops in the Azores are pineapples, grapes, potatoes, tobacco and tea. Fisheries are an important economic activity on all islands. Fishing methods are highly traditional among Azorean fishermen. Industry in the Azores is based mainly on the production of dairy products (milk, cheese) and transformation of fisheries products, such as tuna.

It is tourism, however, that has been growing more in recent years. It is far less developed than those industries of its Macaronesian neighbours, Madeira and Canary Islands.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Azores Regional Government

Archipelagos
Wade Jeremy Robson (born 1982) is an Australian professional dancer, choreographer, producer, and songwriter. He has performed as a dancer since the age of 5 with celebrities such as Michael Jackson and Britney Spears, and is also an award-winning choreographer, known for his own MTV show Wade Robson Project, and the broadcast competition So You Think You Can Dance.  In 1994 he released an album as part of the hip hop group Quo.

Personal life
On May 1 2013 Robson sued Michael Jackson's estate. He did not sue Jackson because Jackson died in 2009. He said that Jackson sexually abused him from the age of 7 to 14. He said that he would sue Jackson's father Joe for slander if he did not stop saying that Robson is lying. He and fellow accuser James Safechuck told their stories in the controversial documentary Leaving Neverland in 2019.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Tremaine Dance profile 
MTV biography
Ask Men entry
PopGurls 20 Questions with Wade Robson
1982 births
Living people
Australian dancers
Australian choreographers
People from Brisbane
Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonfatiusz Józef Sapieha (14 May 1867 – 23 July 1951) was a Polish  Roman Catholic Church priest and Cardinal.  He was a mentor and patron  of Pope John Paul II.

Early life
Sapieha was born in 1867 in the castle of Krasiczyn. He was the youngest of the seven children of Prince Adam Stanisław Sapieha-Kodenski.

Priest
Sapieha was ordained a priest in 1893.

Bishop
Sapieha was named Bishop of the diocese of Kraków in 1911.

After the Nazi invasion of Poland, Sapieha operate the seminary in secret. Among the students was Karol Wojtyła, the future Pope John Paul II.  Wojtyła lived in Sepieha's basement.  In 1963, Father Wojtyła became the Auxiliary Bishop in Kraków.

Cardinal
He was created a Cardinal in 1946.

He died on 23 July 1951, at the age of 84.  Cardinal Sapieha is buried in the castle of Wawel (in Kraków).

References

Other websites 
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Sapieha, Adam Stefan 
 Catholic-Hierarchy,  Adamo Stefano Cardinal Sapieha
1867 births
1951 deaths
Polish cardinals
Roman Catholic archbishops
Cardinal is a clerical office in the Roman Catholic Church. Cardinals are counselors of the pope.

Pope Innocent IV granted the use of the red hat to the cardinals in 1245. The red hat was a symbol of the cardinal's readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church.

College of Cardinals
The collective name for cardinals is college of cardinals.  They meet in a Papal conclave to elect a new Pope.

When there is no pope, the cardinals direct the day-to-day affairs of the Church.

References

Other websites 

 
 Catholic Hierarchy,  Cardinal-Bishops, Cardinal-Priests,  Cardinal-Deacons
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Maria Faustina Kowalska, commonly known as Saint Faustina, born Helena Kowalska (August 25, 1905, Głogowiec, then in the Russian Empire – October 5, 1938, Kraków, Poland) was a Polish nun and mystic. She is now venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as a saint.

Biography 

Faustina Kowalska, the servant of God's mercy, was the third of ten children. She was born to a poor family. In 1921 after grade school, she started to work to support her family. Around this time she was considering a vocation in the Catholic church. She claimed that God himself was calling her to be a nun. Helena left for Warsaw, and applied to various convents in the capital, only to be turned down each time. She was finally accepted at the convent of the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy. She was eventually initiated as a nun on April 30, 1926, with the name Sister Maria Faustina of the Blessed Sacrament.
Saint Faustina claimed she had visited Purgatory. She also said she had seen and spoken to Jesus and Mary several times. Later on, Jesus revealed her purpose; to spread the devotion of the Mercy of God. On February 22, 1931, Jesus was said to have appeared as the 'King of Divine Mercy', wearing a white garment. His right hand was raised in a sign of blessing and the other was touching the garment at the breast. From beneath the garment came two large rays. One ray was red, the other pale. St. Faustina had a picture of this vision painted. With the help of Father Michał Sopoćko, she distributed the images at Kraków and Wilno, and people began to pray before them. Saint Faustina wrote a diary. She did this despite the fact that she could hardly write at all. The diary was later published under the title Divine Mercy in My Soul: The Diary of St. Faustina. Saint Faustina wanted to found a "Congregation which will proclaim the Mercy of God to the world, and, by its prayers, obtain it for the world".
In 1936, Saint Faustina became seriously ill. At the time, doctors thought it could be tuberculosis. She was moved to the sanatorium in Pradnik. 
She spent much time in prayer, reciting the Chaplet of Divine Mercy and praying for the conversion of sinners. The last two years of St. Faustina’s life were spent working as much as she could between visits to the sanatorium and time spent sick in bed in the convent. By June of 1938, she could no longer write in the diary, and it became obvious that she would not live much longer. St. Faustina died on October 5. The task of spreading the message of Divine Mercy, already well begun, was continued by her spiritual director, Father Sopoćko. Saint Faustina had never been able to found the religious order which Jesus had asked for, but she had left clear rules for the life of the prospective community, and at last in 1941, the order, now known as the Institute of Divine Mercy, was founded.
Note: With reference to 'religious order' 'able to found' and Saint Sister Faustina please visit Faustinum Association of Apostles of the Divine Mercy for information regarding the apostolic movement which springs from Sr Faustinas' charism and the message of Divine Mercy.

Canonization and Institution of Divine Mercy Sunday 

Pope Pius XI accepted The Divine Mercy devotion.

Pope Pius XII promoted The Divine Mercy devotion.

Cardinal Pacelli (who later became Pope Pius XII) defended The Divine Mercy devotion against heretics.

Pope Pius XI, and Pope Pius XII, and St. Faustina's Confessor, and her Spiritual Director, and her Bishop, and Cardinal Prince Adam Sapieha (the Cardinal of Poland), and Cardinal Ottaviani (the Prefect of the Holy Office), all favoured The Divine Mercy devotion.

Faustina was beatified on April 18, 1993 and canonized on April 30, 2000.

Divine Mercy Sunday is celebrated the Second Sunday of Easter (which is the first Sunday after Easter, during Octave).
The fact that her Vatican autobiography directly quotes some of her conversations with Jesus distinguishes her somewhat among other visionaries of Jesus and Mary.

Related pages
 Calendar of saints

References
 Vatican biography
 Diary of Saint Faustina

Other websites 
 The Divine Mercy
 Divine Mercy Image – free download of various versions 
 Diary of St. Faustina – free download in multiple languages 
 Images of 'The Divine Mercy'
 Faustinum Association of Apostles of the Divine Mercy

Nuns
Polish Roman Catholics
Christian saints
1905 births
1938 deaths
Fleet may mean:

Vehicles
A fleet is a collection of ships or vehicles:
Fleet vehicles, two or more vehicles
Fishing fleet
Naval fleet, large group of warships
A group of small ships or flotilla
A group of racing sailboats
Starfleet, fictional group in Star Trek
Ugs fleet, a collection of military ground sensors.

Places
Fleet, Kent, a waterway in the Thames marshes, England
Fleet, Dorset, England
Fleet, Hampshire, England
River Fleet, river in London, England
Fleet, Lincolnshire, England
Gatehouse of Fleet, small town in Scotland
Water of Fleet, a river in Scotland
Fleet, Alberta, Canada
People
Beth Van Fleet (born 1977), American volleyball player
Charles Browne Fleet (1843-1916), American pharmacist
David Fleet (born 1954), Canadian politician
Frank Fleet (1848-1900), American baseball player
Frederick Fleet (1887-1965), British sailor and Titanic survivor
Greg Fleet (born 1960), Australian comedian
James Fleet (born 1954), British actor
James Van Fleet (1892-1992), American general
Jo Van Fleet (1914-1996), American actress
Pat Fleet (born 1943), American voice actress
Preston Fleet (1934-1995), American businessman
Reuben Fleet (1887-1975), American aviation pioneer
Stephan Szpak-Fleet (born 1979), Polish-born American actor
Stephen Fleet (1936-2006), British administrator
William Van Fleet (1852-1923), American judge
Other uses
Fleet Aircraft
FleetBoston Financial, financial institution
Fleet Farm, American farm and ranch supply store chain
Fleet Foxes, American band
Fleet (laxative), brand name for bisacody
Fleet services, English motorway service station
Fleet Spurs F.C.
Ebbsfleet United F.C., whose nickname is The Fleet
Fleet (boardgame), a strategy card game published by Eagle Games
Don Giovanni  is an Italian opera in two acts. It is about the character better known as Don Juan. The music was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The libretto was written by Lorenzo da Ponte. The opera was first performed at the National Theatre in Prague on 29 October  1787. It was a great success. 
 
Don Giovanni is about a libertine and murderer who refuses to repent when given the chance. He is taken alive to Hell. The story was originally a folktale. Plays, operas, and even a ballet were produced on the theme by the time Mozart and da Ponte started work on their opera.

Don Giovanni was performed across Europe after its success in Prague. It was performed in the United States in 1826, staged by da Ponte himself. In 1979, Joseph Losey made a movie of the opera. In 2013, Don Giovanni was tenth on the Operabase list of the most-performed operas in the world.
Principal characters
 Don Giovanni - baritone
 Donna Anna - soprano
 Donna Elvira - soprano
 Zerlina - soprano
 Don Ottavio - tenor
 Leporello - bass
 Masetto - bass
 Commendatore - bass

Story of the opera 

The overture opens with a somber musical passage in D minor. This passage is also played when the statue of the Commendatore calls for Don Giovanni to repent at the end of the opera. A quick, bright section in D major follows this slow passage. It is not related to music in opera. It is spirited, vigorous, and robust. It quietly dies away as the curtain rises on the first act.

Act I.

Scene 1. The garden of the Commendatore's house in Seville, Spain. Night. Don Giovanni has failed to seduce Donna Anna. Her father defends her. Don Giovanni kills him in a duel. He runs away with his servant Leporello. Donna Anna and her fiancé Don Ottavio find the dead Commendatore. They promise to bring the murderer to justice.
Scene 2. A street in Seville. Don Giovanni's wife Donna Elvira has just come to Seville from Burgos. She is looking for Don Giovanni. He married her, and then left her. He enters the street with Leporello. He sees Elvira and leaves. Leporello stays behind.  He tells Elvira about Giovanni's bad behavior with women.

Scene 3. The countryside near Seville. Don Giovanni takes an interest in a peasant girl named Zerlina. He tries to seduce her. Elvira takes Zerlina away with her. Anna and Ottavio meet Don Giovanni. He does not want to talk to them. He hurries away. They know he is the murderer. They promise again to bring him to justice. Giovanni comes back when they leave. He orders Leporello to prepare a party.
Scene 4. A garden at Don Giovanni's palace. Masetto and Zerlina are going to the party. Masetto doubts Zerlina loves him. She tells him to beat her, if that will make him feel better. The two make up. They go into the palace. Anna, Ottavio, and Elvira come into the garden. Their faces are covered with masks. They promise to bring Don Giovanni to justice. They go into the palace.

Scene 5. The ballroom in Don Giovanni's palace. The guests are having a gay time. Don Giovanni pulls Zerlina into another room. She screams. Don Giovanni comes into the room. He tells everyone that Leporello attacked Zerlina. No one is fooled. Anna, Elvira, and Ottavio take off their masks. Ottavio has a pistol. Don Giovanni runs away.

Act II.
Act II.

Scene 1. Evening on a street in Seville. Don Giovanni wants to seduce Elvira's maid. He changes clothes with Leporello. When Elvira enters, Leporello is sent off with the lady. She thinks he is Don Giovanni. Giovanni sings a serenade. Masetto and his friends come in. They are looking for Don Giovanni. He beats Masetto and runs off. Zerlina finds Masetto and comforts him.

Scene 2. A nearby street. Leporello wants to get rid of Elvira. She may discover he is not Giovanni. The two hear others coming into the street. They hide behind a wall. Anna, Ottavio, Zerlina, and Masetto open a door in the wall, and find Leporello. They want to punish him. He runs away. Ottavio says he will go to the police.