Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Parents often use this story to prevent their children from wandering out at night. In some versions of this tale and legend, La Llorona will kidnap wandering children who resemble her missing children, asking her children for forgiveness and drowning these other children to take their place but they never forgive her yet  still she keeps trying. 

People who claim to have seen her say she appears at night, or in the late evenings from rivers or lakes throughout Latin America. Some believe that those who hear the wails of La Llorona are marked for death. She is said to cry,"¡Ay, mis hijos!" (Oh, my children!). 

People saw her in the city of Los Angeles in the small town of Watts.

A movie about the folk tale titled The Curse of La Llorona was released in April 2019.

Related pages
 La Llorona (song)

References

Folklore
Mexican culture
The Guri Dam, officially called the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant, is a dam in Bolívar State, Venezuela. It is on the Caroni River.

References

Dams in South America
Geography of Venezuela
Mark Twain National Forest  (MTNF) is a US National Forest. It is mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The MTNF was established on September 11, 1939. It is named for author Mark Twain, a Missouri native. The MTNF covers ,  of which are wilderness, and National Wild and Scenic River area. MTNF spans 29 counties. It represents 11% of all forested land in Missouri. MTNF is divided into six distinct ranger districts: "Ava-Cassville-Willow Springs", "Eleven Point", "Houston-Rolla-Cedar Creek", "Poplar Bluff", "Potosi-Fredericktown", and the "Salem. The six ranger districts actually cover nine overall unique tracts of forests. The headquarters of the MTNF are in Rolla, Missouri.
Some unique features of the Mark Twain include Greer Spring. It is the largest spring on National Forest land. It is part of the Eleven Point National Scenic River. The spring pumps an average of 214 million gallons of water per day into the river. The public can also visit the Glade Top Trail National Scenic Byway, which offers views of over  to the Boston Mountains in Arkansas. Part of the Ozark Trail system winds through the National Forest.

History
The Mark Twain National Forest was created on February 17, 1976. The present day MTNF was once two different national forests, the "Clark National Forest" and the "Mark Twain National Forest". Both were proclaimed on September 11, 1939. In June 1973 the Clark and Mark Twain NF were brought under one headquarters. This was in Rolla and became known as the "National forests in Missouri". On Feb. 17, 1976, the forests were combined and renamed the Mark Twain National Forest.
Features 
The Mark Twain is Missouri’s only national forest. It includes roughly 1.5 million acres, mostly within the Ozark Highlands. Located across southern Missouri and northern Arkansas, the Ozark Highlands are an ancient landscape. They have large permanent springs. The area has over 5,000 caves. It is made up of old volcanic mountains with many nationally recognized streams. Parts of the Ozarks were never under oceans or glaciers. There are over 750 miles of hiking trails. About 200 miles out of a planned 500 mile Ozark trail have been completed. When finished it will connect St. Louis to the border of Arkansas. There it will connect with the Ozark Highlands Trail in northwest Arkansas. When completed the trail will be over 1,000 miles long. It will run from St. Louis, Missouri to Lake Fort Smith State Park, near Fort Smith, Arkansas.

Wilderness areas
Wilderness areas 

Bell Mountain Wilderness
Devils Backbone Wilderness
Hercules-Glades Wilderness
Irish Wilderness
Paddy Creek Wilderness
Piney Creek Wilderness
Rockpile Mountain Wilderness

Counties
Although it is far from being the largest National Forest in acreage, Mark Twain National Forest is located in more counties than any other. As of September 30, 2007, its 1,490,862 acres (2,329.47 sq mi, or 6,033.3 km²) were spread over parts of 29 counties in southern and central Missouri.

References 

Ozarks
Forests of the United States
Geography of Missouri
Cheryline Ernestine Lim (born 10 March 1983), better known by her stage name Che'Nelle, is a Malaysian Australian recording artist signed to Universal Music Japan. Her debut single "I Fell in Love with the DJ" was released in 2007 and reached the top twenty in France.

Beginning, early career with the Dear Summer albums and Things Happen for a Reason
Lim moved to Perth, Western Australia at age 10. Before breaking out on the music scene in 2007, Che'Nelle was featured on English hip hop and R&B music producer S4DK's "Dear Summer" albums including the first installment in 2005 with a R&B ballad called "Slow Down" which sampled fellow R&B singer Bobby V's song of the same name, two years later she appeared on the second and final installment called "Dear Summer Volume Two" with the R&B ballad "Hooked Up".
Her debut album Things Happen for a Reason was released on 25 September 2007 in Japan and 29 October 2007 in Australia.
The first single from this album was "I Fell in Love with the DJ" featuring reggae artist Cham.

2008 - 2010: Songwriting, Feel Good

Che'Nelle has written songs for herself and also co-wrote Carmit Bachar's single "Fierce", Ricki-Lee's debut single "Hell No!" and Leona Lewis's song "Can't Breathe".

Her second album was later confirmed as Feel Good, which it was named after the first single from the album, the song and album was strongly influenced by R&B and reggae much like Things Happen for a Reason, however Feel Good and (to date) all her other albums wre only released in Japan.

2011: Luv Songs
2011: Luv Songs 

In 2011, Che'Nelle released her third album Luv Songs which saw a departure from Che'Nelle's reggae sound for an R&B, soul sound. The album consisted of mainly R&B cover ballads from American singers like Ne-Yo, Whitney Houston and Minnie Riperton as well as cover of many Japanese known songs.

2012: Believe 

In 2012, Che'Nelle released her forth album Believe; much like 2011's Luv Songs it was heavily rooted in an R&B and Japanese music sound.

2013: Aishiteru (I Love You) 

In 2013, Che'Nelle released her fifth album Aishiteru which is Japanese for the phrase "I Love You", the album was her first album to be mainly recorded in Japanese with a few English songs.

2014: Luv Songs 2 

In 2014, Che'Nelle released her sixth album Luv Songs 2; it was her second installment in the Luv Songs series and like 2011's Luv Songs, it features a mixture of traditional Japanese love songs with several covers of R&B songs including "We Found Love" by Barbadian R&B singer Rihanna.

2015: @chenelleworld
In 2015, Che'Nelle released her seventh album @chenelleworld, it is her most recent album.

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

 * RIAJ Digital Track Chart was established in April 2009 and cancelled in July 2012.

As featured artist

Non-album tracks

Awards and nominations

References

 
 

1983 births
Living people
Australian singer-songwriters
Entertainers from Perth, Western Australia
Malaysian people
Naturalised citizens of Australia
R&B singers
Who were they? 
Most western scholars believe them to be a group of Varangians. According to the Povest vremennykh let or Russian Primary Chronicle of Rus', compiled in about 1113 AD, the Rus' had relocated from Pomerania. Their leader was named Rurik. Later, Rurik's relative Oleg captured Kiev, founding Kievan Rus'. The descendants of Rurik were the ruling dynasty of Rus' (after 862). In the controversy, this is called the "Normanist" view. Most scholars believe that name Rus came from Swedish Vikings originating from Rothi or Roslagen as it is known today.
The invitation 
The story from the Russian Primary Chronicle is that the Slavs of Kiev were fighting among themselves. To restore order they invited the legendary Varangian Rus Rurik to be their leader. This is another area of controversy. One school of thought accepts the Russian Primary Chronicle account with the Norman origin of the Rus' people. The opposing view says the Scandinavians played a small part in the creation of the Kievan Rus. The Scandinavians were simply hired by the Slavs to protect them. Since the 1990s there has been a further controversy over who, Russia or Ukraine, had a better claim to be descended from the Kievan Rus princes. Since the breakup of the USSR Russian historians are not forced to accept the anti-Norman theory.

Byzantines 
Another version is possible in this comment by scholars on De Administrando Imperio, by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII (913-959):
Common threads 
It was at this point in history the area of Kiev grew and expanded. The Kievan state lasted about a hundred years, until about 972. Between 839 and 1043 the Balto Slavs combined with the South Slavic peoples to form a new society. The name Rus came to mean those combined peoples. In 860 the Byzantine Patriarch Photios I described a people who were almost certainly Rani accompanied by Slavs. The leaders of the Rus had Balto Slavic names even into the tenth century. In 911 the Rus who signed a treaty with the Greeks all had Balto Slavic names. But in the treaty of 945 there were some South Slavonic names.

Etymology 

The word "Rus' is found in the slavonic languages. This parallels with ,  and . Words used to describe Pomeranians in Russia or the east were Veneti or Rujan (in medieval Latin literature known as Ruzzi ). The Finnish: Venäjä, Estonian: Vene, Karelian: Veneä) denoting Russia

References 

History of Russia
Before the unification in 872 A.D, Norway was made up of 22 small kingdoms.

They merged into larger kingdoms by the different kings (chiefs); Harald Gullskjegg, Gandalv Alvgerisson, Kjøte den rike. Vigbrand fra Agder, Vikar Haraldsson, Øystein Halvdansson in addition to Halvdan Svarte. Harald Fairhair (Harald den Hårfagre) the son of Halfdan the Black (Halvdan Svarte) unified Norway once and for all into one kingdom at the battle of Hafrsfjord. Where he fought against the five remaining Kings in the west of the country (Vestlandet).

History of Norway
Old Bridge Township, New Jersey is a township of New Jersey.

Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Old Bridge Township include:
 Josh Ansley, bass player for Streetlight Manifesto and Catch 22.
 T. Frank Appleby (1864–1924), represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1921 to 1923.
 Louis Consalvo (born 1958), reputed soldier in the DeCavalcante crime family.
 Junot Diaz (born 1968), Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist.
 Colleen Fitzpatrick (born 1969), a pop music artist, dancer and actress, better known by her stage name, Vitamin C.
 Caren Lissner (born 1972), novelist.
 Brian O'Halloran (born 1969), actor. Appeared in Clerks and Clerks 2.
 Jodi Lyn O'Keefe (born 1978), actress.
 Overkill, thrash metal band.
 Tab Ramos (born 1966), retired soccer midfielder.
 R. J. Allen (born 1990), soccer player for NYCFC.
George Rizzi (born 1951), guitarist and musical director of the 1960s pop/rock group The Happenings, whose hits include "See You In September" and "Go Away Little Girl".
 Diane Ruggiero, screen writer for Veronica Mars.
 Ed Sanicki (1923–1998), outfielder who played for the Philadelphia Phillies.
 Donna Simpson (born 1967), Guinness World Record holder for largest mother.
 Shannon Sohn (born 1974), first helicopter reporter to earn a national Emmy Award.
 William H. Sutphin (1887–1972) represented  from 1931-1943.
Education
The Old Bridge Township Public Schools serve students in Kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 15 schools had an enrollment of 9,197 students and 684.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.45:1. Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are twelve K-5 elementary schools — 
M. Scott Carpenter Elementary School (278 students), 
Cheesequake Elementary School (302), 
Leroy Gordon Cooper Elementary School (262), 
Virgil I. Grissom Elementary School (231), 
Madison Park Elementary School (298), 
James A. McDivitt Elementary School (552), 
Memorial Elementary School (417), 
William A. Miller Elementary School (313), 
Walter M. Schirra Elementary School (332), 
Alan B. Shepard Elementary School (282), 
Southwood Elementary School (292) and
Raymond E. Voorhees Elementary School (390) — 
both 
Jonas Salk Middle School (1,035) and
Carl Sandburg Middle School (1,182) for grades 6-8 and
Old Bridge High School for grades 9-12 (3,031).
References

Other websites
Old Bridge Township Official Website
Old Bridge Township Public Schools 

School Data for the Old Bridge Township Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics

Townships in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
"Super Bass" is a song by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It is from her 2010 debut album Pink Friday.  The song is listed as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of the album.  It was released as a single from Pink Friday in 2011. This bubblegum pop and pop rap contains electronic influences. While this happens, Minaj raps over a hip hop beat.  The song was able to cross over into many genres on radio, such as pop, urban, and rhythmic.  "Super Bass" was written by Minaj, Daniel Johnson, and Ester Dean, who also helps write songs for other recording artists such as Rihanna.  The song was produced by Kane Beatz. The song's lyrics are about a playful romance between a man and a woman, according to Minaj.
The song reached number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 2011, as well as on the Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs airplay chart.  It topped the US Rhythmic Songs chart and reached number two on the Rap Songs chart.  In Australia and Canada, the song reached number six, while it peaked at number eight in the United Kingdom.  "Super Bass" finished as the eighth-best performing song of 2011 in the United States.

On November 9, 2021, the song was certified Diamond by the RIAA for consumption of 10 million copies in the United States alone.
Music video
The music video starts with Minaj with her eyes closed. As the song starts, she begins to open them. As Minaj raps through the verse of the song, she is shown with Barbie props. Later on in the song, Minaj starts to tease men. The props used proposed ice cream and a motorcycle that were made of ice. As the chorus begins, she and her five clones of her are performing choreography. After that, Minaj later dances in the dark lights. She also uses glow-in-the-dark accessories.

Many critics have praised the music video. It is because of its vibrant, catchy looks. The song was nominated for "Best Female Video" and "Best Hip-Hop Video" categories at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. Later on, it won those awards.

Certifications

References

2011 songs
Nicki Minaj songs
Pop songs
Dance songs
Hip hop songs
Phoenix, Sayreville, New Jersey is a neighborhood of Sayreville, New Jersey.

References

Neighborhoods in the United States
Settlements in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Dovrefjell is a mountain range which forms a natural barrier between Southern Norway and the Trøndelag region.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   In 1974 the Norwegian government established a national park measuring 256 square kilometers, to protect its beautiful nature and the rich plant and animal life.                                                                                                                                                             The size was increased in 2002 to 1693 square kilometers to cover a larger portion of the mountain range.

The highest mountain peak in the range is Snøhetta. It is 2,286 meters above sea level. There was once a gold mine on the mountain but it closed at the end of the 17th century.
The main south-north highway (European route E6) in Norway and a railway both travel over Dovrefjell.  The highway is open all year, but is sometimes closed for short periods during heavy winter snowfall. The railway line is named Donvrebane and it began operating in 1921.

Eidsvoll oath - 1814 
"Enige og tro til Dovre faller" (United and loyal until the mountains of Dovre crumble).

The mountain Dovre was chosen since it has an important part in Norwegian history, where Dovrefjell represents the eternal, unity and democracy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

The oath was used during a difficult period in the 1800s when Norway was trying to get a new identiity after going out of a union with Denmark and when the union with Sweden came to an end in 1905.
Other websites 
Dovrefjell - the official travel guide to Norway

Mountain ranges of Europe
Mountains of Norway
Innlandet
Møre og Romsdal
Trøndelag
On August 26, 2015, 24-year-old news reporter Alison Parker and 27-year-old photojournalist Adam Ward, both of Roanoke, Virginia, CBS affiliate WDBJ, were conducting a live television interview near Smith Mountain Lake in Moneta, Virginia, when they were murdered by a gunman. The person they were interviewing, Vicki Gardner of the Smith Mountain Lake Regional Chamber of Commerce, was shot in the back during the attack but survived. Parker and Ward died at the scene. They are the seventh and eighth journalists to be killed while in the line of work in the U.S. since 1992.

The attacker was later confirmed to be Vester Lee Flanagan II, also known as Bryce Williams, a former reporter at WDBJ who had been forced to leave the station two years prior. After a manhunt and car chase, Flanagan shot himself and later died at a hospital.

References

2015 murders in the United States
2010s in Virginia
Murder-suicides in the United States
Parker, Alison
Hans Walter Conrad Veidt (22 January 1893 – 3 April 1943) was a German actor. He best remembered for his roles in movies such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), The Man Who Laughs (1928), The Thief of Bagdad (1940), and in Casablanca (1942).

Veidt was against Nazism, and fled with his Jewish wife to the United Kingdom after Hitler had come to power in 1933. He moved to the United States in 1941.

Conrad Veidt died in Hollywood, California from a heart attack, aged 50.

References 
 Conrad Veidt: The Cinema's Master. The Conrad Veidt Society
 Conrad Veidt . A History of Horror

Other websites 

 
Pictures  of Conrad Veidt.
Conrad Veidt - The German-Hollywood Connection
Pictures of Conrad Veidt
The Conrad Veidt Home Page
Conrad Veidt Biography 

1893 births
1943 births
Actors from Berlin
British movie actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
German military personnel of World War I
German movie actors
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Refugees from Nazism
Silent movie actors
Albert Deane Grover (born February 18, 1865 in Boston, Massachusetts; died October 23, 1927 in Manhattan, New York) was an American banjo player. He also wrote music, taught, and invented musical parts and accessories for stringed instruments. He helped set up the Boston Ideal Banjo, Mandolin and Guitar Club. He also started the musical accessories company A. D. Grover & Son. 

Grover held over 50 patents for musical instrument parts. 

Grover was born on February 18, 1865 in  Boston, Massachusetts. His father, Stephen Grover (1820–1885), was a Boston piano maker.

Grover died on October 23, 1927 in Manhattan, New York

In 1952, A.D. Grover & Son was renamed to Grover Musical Products, Inc.

Selected musical pieces 
 Magog Quickstep, written by Grover, Boston: Thompson & Odell (1887) 
 Marguerite Waltz, written by Grover, Boston: Thompson & Odell (1889)

Other publications 
 Grover's Progressive Method for the Banjo, Boston: Thompson & Odell Company (1892)

References
References

Other websites 
 The Maverick schottische / by A. D. Grover

Musicians from Boston
1865 births
1927 deaths
The Honorable Frankie Muse Freeman (born Marie Frankie Muse, November 24, 1916 – January 12, 2018) was an American civil rights attorney, and the first woman to be appointed to the United States Commission on Civil Rights (1964 to 1979).

On February 5, 2015, President Barack Obama appointed Freeman to serve as a Member of the Commission on Presidential Scholars.

Freeman died on January 12, 2018 in Danville, Virginia at the age of 101.

References

Other websites
 The History Maker: Frankie Muse Freeman bio 
 St. Louis Character: Frankie Freeman, St. Louis Business Journal

1916 births
2018 deaths
African American lawyers
American centenarians
American civil rights activists
American civil servants
Lawyers from Virginia
James Charles Evers (September 11, 1922 – July 22, 2020) was an American civil rights activist.  In 1969, he became the first African American since the Reconstruction era to have been elected as mayor in a Mississippi city.

He served as mayor of Fayette in Jefferson County. Thereafter, he ran for governor in 1971 and the United States Senate in 1978. He ran both times as an Independent candidate.

Evers died on July 22, 2020 in Brandon, Mississippi at the age of 97.

References

Other websites
 The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow, PBS 
 90.1 WMPR,   Jackson Mississippi, Charles Evers station manager : blues, urban contemporary gospel, talk, variety
 Oral History Interview with Charles Evers, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library 

1922 births
2020 deaths
American civil rights activists
American mayors
Politicians from Mississippi
Businesspeople from Mississippi
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Piermario Morosini (5 July 1986 – 14 April 2012) was an Italian football player.

On 14 April 2012 he suffered a cardiac arrest while he was playing a match with his team Livorno against the team Pescara. He died minutes after in the Civil Hospital of Pescara.

References

1986 births
2012 deaths
Footballers from Lombardy
Sportspeople from Bergamo
A natural fibre is a fibre made from natural sources, like animals or plants.

Animal fibres 

Fibres from animal sources are wool, cashmere, fur and silk.

Wool comes from the fleece of sheep and the hair of yak, camel, alpaca, guanaco and vicuna.

Cashmere comes from cashmere goats.

Fur of various animals such as rabbit, beaver, mink and muskrat is also used as clothing.

Silk comes from silkworms, which is a large, white moth caterpillar.

Plant fibres  

Fibres from plants include flax, ramie, hemp, cotton and jute. Coconut trees bear coconut fruits that have fibres. Coconut fibres are cleaned, smoothed and made into various dolls and toys with beads and colored threads to give them a decorative appearance.

Fibers
Synthetic fabrics are fabrics manufactured in factories using chemical synthesis. They are also known as artificial or man-made fabrics. These include nylon, polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and rayon. Synthetic fibers are made by the joining of monomers into polymers, by the process of polymerization.

References 

Polymers
Fibers
Cloth
Threshing is the process of separating the edible part of cereal grain (or other crop) from the scaly, inedible chaff that surrounds it. It is the step in grain processing after harvesting and before winnowing. Early threshing methods removed some of the bran but modern methods do not.

Threshing may be done by beating the grain using a flail on a threshing floor. Another traditional method of threshing is to make donkeys or oxen walk in circles on the grain on a hard surface.

References 

Grains
The Temple of All Religions () or the Universal Temple () is an architectural structure in Kazan, Russia.

It is made up of many different religious buildings, including an Orthodox church, a mosque and a synagogue. It was started in 1992 by local artist and philanthropist Ildar Khanov. It is still under construction.

The structure is not a single temple devoted to any religion in particular. It has become a popular landmark in the city, which takes pride in the peaceful combination of different cultures (Islamic Tatar culture, Orthodox Russian, and others). The Temple is visited both by tourists and by people seeking Khanov's help.

Khanov says that once completed, the structure will have 16 cupolas - each one corresponding to the 16 major world religions (including past ones that are no longer practiced).

References 

Buildings and structures in Russia
Tatarstan
"" (; meaning "The King's Song") is Norway's royal anthem. It is based on the English royal song "God Save the King" from 1741. The Norwegian author Henrik Wergeland wrote a Norwegian lyric to the English song in 1841 called "Gud signe Kongen vor" It was later rewritten by P. Vogtmann under the name "Gud sign vor Konge god". A simplified version of this was later written by Gustav Jensen.

Lyrics

References

Other websites 
 Royal Anthem of Norway (Kongeriket Norge) - "Kongesangen" , YouTube

Norwegian royalty
Royal anthems
European anthems
National symbols of Norway
1840s songs
Universal City, California is a unincorporated community within the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California.

Other websites

 Oak Crest -Universal Ranch 1913
  Universal City 1912
 " Facts and Figures about Universal City" "Souvenir  Edition" ©1915  
 "Scrapit" Nestor Plant Article 
  Universal City 1914

1910s establishments in California
1915 establishments in the United States
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Piscataway, New Jersey is a township in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Other websites
Piscataway Township website

Townships in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Atlantic County, New Jersey is a county of New Jersey. The county seat is Mays Landing, New Jersey.

Other websites
Atlantic County website
History of Atlantic County, New Jersey 

1837 establishments in the United States
New Jersey counties
19th-century establishments in New Jersey
The transfer case transfers the power from the transmission to the front and rear axles by means of drive shafts. The transfer case synchronizes the rotation of the front and rear wheels so they turn at exactly the same speed. It usually contains two or more sets of gears. It has a 1:1 ratio drive (usually called high range) for normal city and highway use. Then it contains a low range gear for off-road use. A common low range gear ratios is 2.72:1. That means for every 2.72 rotations of the transmission output shaft, the transfer case will turn both driveshafts 1 rotation. The Jeep Wrangler Rubicon model uses a 4:1 low range gearing.

Drive types
There are two different types of internal power-transfer mechanism found in most transfer cases.

Gear-driven
Gear-driven transfer cases use sets of gears to transmit power to the front and rear driveshafts. These are generally strong, heavy units that are used in large trucks. There are currently gear drive cases in production for light trucks and SUVs.
Chain-driven
Chain-driven transfer cases use a chain to transmit power to the axles. Chain-driven transfer cases are quieter,  lighter and less expensive to manufacture than gear-driven units.  They are used in vehicles such as compact trucks, full size trucks, Jeeps and SUVs.  Some off-road driving enthusiasts modify their vehicles to use gear-driven transfer casesto gain the extra strength they provide.

References 

Automotive technologies
Kanesha Nichole Brookes (born October 5, 1984) best known by her stage name Brooke Valentine or Valentine is an American R&B singer, songwriter, actress, model and dancer. She broke out on the music scene in 2005 with the song "Girlfight" which features fellow Southern hip hop acts Lil Jon and Big Boi.

1984–2004: Early life and career beginnings
Valentine was born in Houston, Texas She started her musical career as a member of the female R&B group Best Kept Secret. To start up a solo singing career, she moved to Los Angeles, California with producer and Subliminal Entertainment CEO Deja the Great and signed to Virgin Records.

2004–06: Chain Letter
Brooke Valentine released her debut album Chain Letter in 2005. The album's first song was the hit single, "Girlfight", which features Lil Jon and Big Boi.
2006–09: Physical Education and Physical Education Mixtape
In 2006, Valentine planned a second album, Physical Education. Its first single was "D-Girl", which featured rapper Pimp C. She then released the second single "Pimped Out", which featured Dem Franchize Boyz. Her second album "Physical Education" was almost ready to be released but Virgin Records ended up being merged with Capitol Records. The album was temporarily put on hold. However the album ended up being released as a bootleg album. Instead some of its songs were put on a mixtape which was called "Physical Education: The Mixtape".

2010–present: "Forever" and change to B. Valentine
As of 2010, Brooke Valentine changed her stage name to B. Valentine. The first single from her yet-to-be-released third album, "Forever," was released on February 14, 2012.

Discography 
Studio albums
 Chain Letter (2005)

References

1984 births
Living people
African-American singers
American R&B singers
American hip hop singers
Singers from Houston
Peter Kern (13 February 1949 – 26 August 2015) was an Austrian actor, movie director, screenwriter and producer. He has appeared in more than 70 movies since 1957 and directed about 25 movies. He starred in the 1978 movie Flaming Hearts.

Other websites

1949 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Vienna
Austrian movie actors
Austrian movie directors
Austrian movie producers
Austrian screenwriters
Movie editors
Writers from Vienna
Reign Over Me is a 2007 American buddy comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Mike Binder and it was produced by Jack Binder and Michael Rotenberg. Reign Over Me was released on March 22, 2007 in Australia and on March 23, 2007 in the United States.

The movie got mixed reviews from critics. It has a 64% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. A. O. Scott of The New York Times said "It's rare to see so many moments of grace followed by so many stumbles and fumbles, or to see intelligence and discretion undone so thoroughly by glibness and grossness. And it is puzzling, and ultimately draining, to see a film that waves the flag of honesty—Face your demons! Speak from your heart! Open up!—turn out to be so phony."
Cast 
 Adam Sandler as Dr. Charlie Fineman
 Don Cheadle as Dr. Alan Johnson
 Jada Pinkett Smith as Janeane Johnson  
 Liv Tyler as Dr. Angela Oakhurst
 Saffron Burrows as Donna Remar
 Donald Sutherland as Judge David Raines
 Robert Klein as Jonathan Timpleman
 Melinda Dillon as Ginger Timpleman
 Mike Binder as Bryan Sugarman
 Jonathan Banks as Stelter
 John de Lancie as Nigel Pennington
 Rae Allen as Adell Modell
 Paula Newsome as Melanie
 Ted Raimi as Peter Saravino
 B. J. Novak as Fallon
 Joey King as Gina Fineman (uncredited)

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2007 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Buddy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Darryl Dawkins (January 11, 1957 – August 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He was known for his days with the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets. He also played briefly for the Detroit Pistons and Utah Jazz late in his career. His nickname was "Chocolate Thunder". It was given to him by Stevie Wonder. He was known for his powerful dunks, which led the NBA to adopt breakaway rims because he shattered the backboard two times in 1979.

Dawkins died on August 27, 2015 from a heart attack in Allentown, Pennsylvania, at the age of 58.

References

1957 births
2015 deaths
African-American basketball players
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Detroit Pistons players
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
New Jersey Nets players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Sportspeople from Orlando, Florida
Utah Jazz players
National Basketball Association high school draftees
American basketball players
San Marcos might refer to:

Places 

 San Marcos, California
 San Marcos, Texas
Brittany Furlan (born September 5, 1986 in Pennsylvania) is an American comedian and internet celebrity who is based in Los Angeles. She is best known for her work on the video sharing website, Vine. She is the most followed female on the website. Also, Time magazine has named her to be one of the most influential people on the internet.

References

Other websites 
 Vine website 

1986 births
Comedians from Pennsylvania
American Internet celebrities
Living people
Magna Carta Holy Grail (sometimes written as Magna Carta... Holy Grail) is the twelfth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released for digital download on 4 July 2013. It was then released in album form on 8 July 2013 by Roc-A-Fella and Roc Nation while being shared by Universal Records. Justin Timberlake, Nas, Rick Ross, Frank Ocean and Beyoncé also sang in the album. The album was promoted with commercials that were presented by Samsung. Even though some critics didn't like the album, it still reached #1 on the American, British, Swiss and Canadian music charts. It debuted at #1 on the US Billboard 200 Chart.

Songs 
 Holy Grail (with Justin Timberlake)
 Picasso Baby
 Tom Ford
 FuckWithMeYouKnowIGotIt (with Rick Ross)
 Oceans (with Frank Ocean)
 F.U.T.V. 
 SomewhereInAmerica
 Crown
 Heaven
 Versus
 Part II (On the Run) (with Beyoncé)
 Beach Is Better
 BBC
 JAY Z Blue
 La Familia
 Nickels and Dimes

References
References

Other websites 
 Magna Carta Holy Grail on Discogs.com
 Magna Carta Holy Grail review on AllMusic.com
 Magna Carta Holy Grail review on Los Angeles Times

2013 albums
Rap music
Jay-Z
Katie Green (born on 28 August 1987 in Chichester, West Sussex) is an English model. She is known for not listening to her modeling agencies, and remaining "heavier" than the modeling standards. She continues to model to this day.

References 

1987 births
English models
Living people
1001 is a natural number that comes before 1002 and after 1000. 1001 is a palindromic number. 1001 is a composite number. 1001 is the product of the prime numbers 7, 11, and 13. If you multiply a three-digit number to 1001 it will be like the form  :xyz-xyz. So, any number of the form xyz-xyz will always be a composite number.

Integers
144 is a natural number that comes before 145 and after 143. 144 is the only even square Fibonacci number. It is the square number of 12. It is also an abundant number.

Integers
Square numbers
Chain Letter is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Brooke Valentine. It was released on March 15, 2005 through the American imprint of Virgin Records. The album has the hit song "Girlfight" which includes Big Boi and Lil Jon.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2005 albums
Debut albums
Hip hop albums
Crunk albums
R&B albums
Józef Wesołowski (15 July 1948 – 27 August 2015) was a Polish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was forcibly laicized by the Holy See in 2014. He was the Apostolic Nuncio to the Dominican Republic from January 2008 until he was recalled in August 2013. 

Authorities in the Dominican Republic are investigating allegations of child abuse against him. In June 2015, it was announced by the Vatican that he would stand trial for charges of possessing child pornography, and faced a possible prison term.

Wesołowski was found dead in his residence in the Vatican on 27 August 2015. A Vatican statement said that he likely died of natural causes.

References

1948 births
2015 deaths
Ambassadors of Poland
Polish Roman Catholic bishops
Alger Joseph "Radar" Arbour (November 1, 1932 – August 28, 2015) was a Canadian National Hockey League player, coach, and executive. He played for the Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, and the Toronto Maple Leafs. He was known for being the coach of the New York Islanders.

Arbour died on August 28, 2015 in Sarasota, Florida after being treated for Parkinson's disease and dementia, aged 82.

Career statistics

Playing career

Coaching record

References

1932 births
2015 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Jack Adams Award winners
Rochester Americans players
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Ontario Hockey League players
Eastern Hockey League players
"Auld Lang Syne" is a Scots poem written  by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song (Roud # 6294). It is well known in many countries, especially in the English-speaking world, its traditional use being to bid farewell to the old year at the stroke of midnight.

References

18th-century British poems
1780s works
Scottish literature
Sir Neville Marriner (15 April 1924 – 2 October 2016) was an English conductor and violinist. He was the first music director of the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, from 1969 to 1978. From 1979 to 1986, he was music director of the Minnesota Orchestra. He was principal conductor of the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1986 to 1989.

Marriner was born in Lincoln, England, and studied at the Royal College of Music and the Paris Conservatoire.

Discography
Studio albums
 Mozart: Die Zauberflöte [Highlights] (1993)

References

Other websites

 

1924 births
2016 deaths
English musicians
British conductors
British violinists
Joseph Claude Roger LaForge (July 1, 1936 – May 4, 2015) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played parts of 8 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Detroit Red Wings, and Philadelphia Flyers.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, LaForge played 2 games with the Montreal Royals and 1 season with the Shawinigan-Falls Cataracts of the Quebec Hockey League (QHL) and 1 season with the Cincinnati Mohawks of the International Hockey League (IHL). In 1958, LaForge was chosen to play on the QHL Second All-Star Team.

He started his NHL career with the Montreal Canadiens during the 1957–58 season. He would play a total of 5 games with the Canadiens. On June 3, 1958, the Canadiens traded LaForge along with Gene Achtymichuk and Bud MacPherson to the Detroit Red Wings in exchange for money.
LeForge spent time between the Red Wings and their AHL-affiliates, the Hershey Bears and Pittsburgh Hornets. After spending parts of 5 years with Detroit, he was sent down to the Hornets and was then traded to the Quebec Aces of the American Hockey League (AHL) in exchange for Terry Gray on March 1, 1966.

When the Philadelphia Flyers bough the Aces on May 8, 1967, LaForge's NHL rights were transferred to the team. He played 65 regular season games with the Flyers. In August 1970, the Flyers traded LaForge to the Denver Spurs of the Western Hockey League (WHL) in exchange for money. After spending 3 seasons with the Spurs, LaForge retired from playing professional ice hockey.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1936 births
2015 deaths
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Detroit Red Wings players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Montreal Canadiens players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Pittsburgh Hornets players
Quebec Aces players
Rochester Americans players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Joan Garriga Vilaresau (29 March 1963 – 27 August 2015) was a Spanish  Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He raced professionally from 1984 to 1993. He won three 250cc races during his career and finished runner-up to Sito Pons in the 1988 250cc GP World Championship.

Garriga was born in Barcelona. After retiring, he was convicted of drug trafficking and possession of weapons in 2003. When the case came to trial, he was given a two-year sentence. He also suffered two heart attacks in 2013 but survived.

Garriga was involved in a motorcycle accident on 24 August 2015. He died from his injuries three days later in Barcelona, aged 52.

References

1963 births
2015 deaths
Drug dealers
Road accident deaths in Spain

Sportspeople from Barcelona
Spanish criminals
Spanish motorcycle racers
Universal health care, sometimes referred to as universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care, usually refers to a health care system which provides health care and financial protection to all citizens or residents of a particular country.

Related pages 
Right to health

Other websites

Achieving Universal Health Care (July 2011). MEDICC Review: International Journal of Cuban Health and Medicine 13 (3). Theme issue: authors from 19 countries on dimensions of the challenges of providing universal access to health care.
Catalyzing Change: The System Reform Costs of Universal Health Coverage  (November 15, 2010). New York: The Rockefeller Foundation. Report on the feasibility of establishing the systems and institutions needed to pursue UHC.
Physicians for a National Health Program Chicago: PNHP. A group of physicians and health professionals who support single-payer reform.
UHC Forward  Washington, D.C.: Results for Development Institute. Portal on universal health coverage.

Healthcare
Parental leave or family leave is an employee benefit available in almost all countries that provides paid time off work to care for a child or make arrangements for the child's welfare. The terms "parental leave" and "family leave" include maternity, paternity, and adoption leave. Often, the minimum benefits are stipulated by law.

References

Employment law
The relationship between race and crime in the United States has been a topic of public controversy and debate for more than a century. 

Since the 1980s, the debate has focused on the causes of some minorities at all stages of the criminal justice system, including arrests, racial background of violent criminals as identified by their victims, prosecutions and incarcerations. Federal Prosecutors of African American and Hispanic defendants are twice as likely to push for mandatory minimum sentences, leading to longer sentences and disparities in incarceration rates for federal offenses.

References

Crime in the United States
Teresa Ellen Gorman (née Moore; 30 September 1931 – 28 August 2015) was a British politician. She was born in Putney, London. She was Conservative Member of Parliament for Billericay, in the county of Essex in England, from 1987 until 2001, when she stood down.

References

1931 births
2015 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from London
The Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont is the head of the government of the state. The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years. Vermont along with New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years, instead of every four as in the other 48 states. 

There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve. If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election, the governor is then elected by the state legislature.

The incumbent governor is Phillip Scott.

References
Janet Ruth Montgomery (born 29 October 1985) is an English movie and television actress. As of 2014, she stars in the TV series, Salem.

She also had a role in the second season of Fox's Human Target. She played Eric Murphy's assistant Jennie in HBO's Entourage.

References

Other websites 
 Janet Montgomery on IMDb

1985 births
English actors
Living people
Botsmark is a locality in Umeå Municipality in Västerbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 201 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Vasterbotten County
Nödinge Church () is a church building in Nödinge-Nol in Västergötland in Sweden. It is located  north of the town of Gothenburg. The current church was built in 1727 when it replaced  an older Romanesque church from the 1100s or 1200s. The church has a baroque interior. Its ceiling has paintings by painter Alexander Fox from 1734. The pulpit was added in 1741 by sculptor Johan Petter Weber. The church underwent renovation in 1981-1982.

The church was also used during recording of the 2013 film 'The Anderssons Hit the Road.

References

Other websites

Church of Sweden churches
1727 establishments
18th-century buildings and structures‎
Salem is an American supernatural fiction drama television show. It was created by Brannon Braga and Adam Simon. The first episode was made public on April 20, 2014. Salem is WGN America's first scripted series. Janet Montgomery and Shane West are the main actors/actresses of the show. Salem is influenced by the Salem Witch Trials in the 17th century.

Overview 
Salem is a fictional story that is based on the real Salem Witch Trials in colonial Massachusetts. The Massachusetts government at the time was dominated by conservative Puritan leaders. Unlike today there was little difference between church and state.
In 1692 the Puritan colony was affected by young girls "crying out" accusations of devil worship against other members of the congregation. A mix of fear and superstition caused a hysteria among the Puritans that devil-worshiping witches were among them. A mob mentality caused people to torture and execute others women (and a few men) for no reason other than hysteria over the possibility of them being witches. Over 150 people were accused of being witches and placed on trial.

Salem, the WGN America series, reworks this history into a fictional story full of magic, witches as actual beings, and sexy characters. In the TV series the main characters, John Alden (Shane West) and Mary Sibley (Janet Montgomery), find themselves in love even though the whole town is in a frenzy over witch hunts. The New York Times review called it "perversely entertaining."

Cast 
Most of the characters are based on the names of real people.
Janet Montgomery as Mary Sibley
 Shane West as Captain John Alden
 Seth Gabel as Cotton Mather
 Tamzin Merchant as Anne Hale
 Ashley Madekwe as Tituba
 Elise Eberle as Mercy Lewis
 Iddo Goldberg as Isaac Walton
 Xander Berkeley as Magistrate Hale
 Oliver Bell as John
 Joe Doyle as Baron Sebastian von Marburg

Reviews 

Salem scored 49 out of 100, based on 16 critic reviews on Metacritic. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season scored 54%, with an average rating of 5.5 out of 10 based on 26 critic reviews. The show was also nominated for two awards.

Other websites 
 Salem on IMDb
 Salem on TV Guide

References 

2014 American television series debuts
Drama television series
English-language television programs
2017 American television series endings
Colin Friels (born 25 September 1952) is a Scottish-born Australian actor. He is best known for his role in the television series Water Rats which earned him a Logie Award. He also appeared in the movies Malcolm (1986), Dark City (1998) and Tomorrow, When the War Began (2010).

Friels was born in Kilwinning, Ayrshire, Scotland. He moved to Australia in 1963, first living in Darwin, Northern Territory before moving to Melbourne, Victoria. He is married to actress Judy Davis. They have two children, son Jack and daughter Charlotte.

Friels is a pancreatic cancer survivor.

References

Other websites
 

1952 births
Living people
Actors from Melbourne
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Solar Impulse 1 and Solar Impulse 2 are airplanes powered by solar energy. André Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard from Switzerland created these planes as an experiment.  The goal of this experiment is to fly around Earth using only solar energy.

References 

Aircraft
This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. It begins with the Prince of Novgorod Rurik in the year 862. It ends with the Emperor of Russia Nicholas II who abdicated the throne in 1917, and was shot dead with his family in 1918.

Princes of Novgorod

Grand Princes of Kiev

Grand Princes of Vladimir 

Since 1331 the title of the Grand Princes of Vladimir was assigned to the Princes of Moscow.

Grand Princes of Moscow

Tsars of Russia
Dates are listed in the Old Style, which continued to be used in Russia.

House of Rurikovich

Time of Troubles

House of Godunov

Pseudo-Rurikovich usurpers

House of Shuysky

House of Vasa

House of Romanov

Emperors of Russia

References

Lists of monarchs
Russ
Russian royalty