Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
M129 Grenade launcher is an American 40-mm automatic grenade launcher. It is weapon for helicopters. It was made in 1966 by the Ford aerospace company and it is still being used today. It is advanced version of the earlier M75. The rate of fire of M75 was 225 rounds per minute, but the M129 can shoot 400 rounds per minute. It is powered by the helicopter's electrical systm. M129 is used by these helicopters:

Bell AH-1 Cobra
Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne
Bell UH-1 Iroquois
OH-6A Cayuse
OH-58 Kiowa

References

Weapons
Conair or Connair may refer to:

 Conair Group, a company that makes firefighting tools for aircraft
 Con Air, a movie from 1997
 Conair of Scandinavia, a Danish airline from 1964 to 1994
 Connellan Airways (later Connair), an Australian airline from 1943 to 1980

Related pages
 Continental Airlines
William Patrick Clark, Jr. (October 23, 1931 – August 10, 2013) was an American rancher, judge, and public servant. He served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 until 1985.

Clark was a judge of the Superior Court of California from 1969 to 1971 and an associate justice of the California State Supreme Court from 1973 to 1981.

On September 21, 1983 Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt embarrassed the administration by yet again making bigoted remarks to the media, causing him to resign on November 8, and Clark requested and received an appointment to replace Watt.

He returned to California after his stint serving the administration and pursued a variety of law firm and other business interests.

Clark was born on October 23, 1931 in Oxnard, California. He was raised as a Catholic.
Clark was married to Johanna "Joan" Brauner until her death in April 2009. They had five children; Monica, Peter (nicknamed Pete), Nina, Colin, and Paul.

Clark died on August 10, 2013 in Shandon, California from Parkinson's disease, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 Department of the Interior listing 
 American President - William Patrick Clark 

1931 births
2013 deaths
American judges
American Roman Catholics
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in California
People from Oxnard, California
People from Ventura County, California
Politicians from California
Ranchers
United States Deputy Secretaries of State
United States National Security Advisors
United States Secretaries of the Interior
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Haji (Cerlet Catton; January 24, 1946 – August 10, 2013) was a Canadian-born actress and former exotic dancer known for her role in the Russ Meyer's 1965 cult classic Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!.

Haji was born on January 24, 1946 in Quebec, Canada. She had one daughter out of wedlock. Haji died on August 10, 2013 from unknown causes.

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Quebec
Canadian entertainers
Canadian movie actors
Canadian sex industry people
Erotic dancers
Russell Albion "Russ" Meyer (March 21, 1922 – September 18, 2004) was an American movie director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, editor, actor and photographer.

Meyer is known writing and directing on a series of successful low-budget sexploitation movies that featured campy humor, sly satire and large-breasted women such as in Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!.

During his early movie career, Meyer used to work with future Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic Roger Ebert.

Early life
Meyer was born on March 21, 1922 in San Leandro, California to a German-American family. He was raised in Oakland, California.

Marriages
He was married to Betty Valdovinos from 1949 until they divorced in 1950. Then he was married to Eve Meyer from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. Then he was married to Edy Williams from 1970 until they divorced in 1973.
Death
Meyer died on September 18, 2004 in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California from complications from pneumonia after battling Alzheimer's disease. He was 82 years old. Meyer was buried at Stockton Rural Cemetery in Stockton, California.

Biopic
Fox Searchlight Pictures is currently negotiating the rights to create a biopic covering the early years of Meyer's career.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Nathaniel Rich on Russ Meyer in the San Francisco Chronicle

1922 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American screenwriters
American cinematographers
American photographers
American editors
American movie actors
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
Businesspeople from Oakland, California
Writers from Oakland, California
Actors from Oakland, California
Public Enemies is a 2009 biographical-crime-drama movie set in Chicago during the 1930s. It was directed by Michael Mann. It stars Johnny Depp as John Dillinger. Christian Bale, Marion Cotillard, Stephen Lang, Leelee Sobieski, Channing Tatum, and Billy Crudup also star. It was released on July 1, 2009.

Roger Ebert, Peter Travers, Rex Reed, and Michael Phillips gave it positive reviews.

References

Other websites
 

2009 crime movies
2009 drama movies
2000s American biographical movies
American crime drama movies
Japanese crime movies
Japanese drama movies
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in Chicago
Movies shot in Chicago
2000s English-language movies
Movies directed by Michael Mann
Douglas Seale (28 October 1913 – 13 June 1999) was an English actor, director, and producer.

Career 
He provided the voice of Krebbs in The Rescuers Down Under (1990). Two years later, Seale voiced the Sultan in Aladdin.

He also appeared in several movie including Amadeus and Ernest Saves Christmas (1988) in which he played Santa Claus. He appeared in the 1986 Christmas movie, A Smoky Mountain Christmas, as Vernon.

Seale was born on 28 October 1913 in London, England. He was married three times, first two ended in divorce. His last marriage was to Louise Troy until her death of breast cancer in 1994.

Seale died on 13 June 1999 in New York City, New York from pneumonia, aged 85. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Atlantic Ocean.

Other websites
 
 

1913 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English radio actors
English movie producers
Movie directors from London
Actors from London
The University of Paris () was a university in Paris, France. It was one of the first universities to be established in Europe. It was founded in the middle of the 12th century. The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne or la Sorbonne, after the creation of the college (Collège de Sorbonne) founded around 1257 by Robert de Sorbon.

In 1971, the university was split into thirteen independent universities.

References

Other websites

 Academy of Paris 
 Sorbonne - Universités Paris I, III, IV and V (official homepage)

Colleges and universities in France
Universities in Paris
1150s establishments
12th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in France
Not Without My Daughter is a 1991 American drama movie by director Brian Gilbert. It stars Sally Field and Alfred Molina. It is based on Betty Mahmoody's 1987 book by telling the story about the escape with her daughter from her husband from Iran.

Plot
American Betty Lover marries Iranian doctor Sayeed Bozorg Mahmoody (nicknamed: Moody). They have a daughter called Mahtab (Persian: "Moonlight").
Moody wants to see his family in Tehran, Iran, because he has not seen his family for ten years. Betty doesn't want to go to Iran, because she thinks that it is dangerous. Moody persuades Betty, that she goes to Iran for a two week holiday. But Moody has hidden the termination of his job in a hospital in the USA from Betty and Mahtab and tells his family, that they will stay in Iran forever. Because a man has the say in Iran, they have to stay here and Betty cannot take her daughter Mahtab out of the country without her husband's permission. She searches for help to escape from the country with Mahtab, for example from the Swiss embassy.

She has major problems to adapt to the strict laws and customs of the country, because as an American she is much-hated in Iran. Moody often abuses Betty, because she does not obey him. After 18 months, Betty succeeds to escape Iran with her daughter Mahtab. They flee over the Zagros mountains in the northwest of Iran to Turkey. They fly back to USA from there.
Other websites

1991 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies about domestic violence
Movies based on books 
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in Michigan
Movies set in Iran
Movies set in Turkey
Movies set in the 1980s 
Tehran
Multilingual movies
American independent movies
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Heterpogon contortus is a kind of perennial grass. It is native to southern Africa, southern Asia and parts of Australia and Oceania. Common names for the species include black spear grass and tanglehead. The plant can reach a height of . The plants grow particularly well in areas where wildfires are frequent. Native Hawaiians used it to thatch their houses.

References

Poaceae
Bucheon is a Korean city in Gyeonggi Province of South Korea, between Seoul and Incheon. There are 870,000 people in Bucheon.

History

Ancient
People have lived in Bucheon for thousands of years. According to Three Kingdom Period literature, Bucheon was founded during the Goguryeo Dynasty. When Goguryeo began, Bucheon was called Jubuto (주부토). When the Goryeo Dynasty started, the king Taejo (Wang Geon, 왕건) renamed Bucheon Suju (수주).

Archeology
Bucheon has a big archaeology site in the Go-Gang neighborhood (고강동) of Ojeong District. There are artifacts from 3,000 years ago. There are also some old gravesites there.

Modern
In 1962, when President Park Chung-Hee started his five-year economic development project, Sosa-myeon (소사면) was renamed Bucheon City (부천시). Bucheon's borders of today were made in 1988. Sang-Dong and Jung-Dong neighborhoods were developed as New City areas in the 1990s.
People
Bucheon's people were farmers in the past. The population grew a lot in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, and now it is a big city.

In 1985, there were 450,000 people. 
In 2000, there were 775,000 people. 
In 2013, Bucheon has 870,000 people. The average family size in Bucheon is 2.65 people.

Districts
There are three districts (gu) in Bucheon. They are Wonmi-gu, Sosa-gu, and Ojeong-gu.

In Wonmi-gu, there are 454,000 people. Most of them live in the New City areas of Jung-Dong (147,000) and Sang-Dong (117,000).

In Sosa-gu, there are 222,000 people. In Ojeong-gu, there are 196,000 people.

Culture
Bucheon calls itself a "cultural city". There are many museums and festivals. There are also botanical gardens. There is an orchestra, which began in 1988.

Festivals
Bucheon has the Bucheon International Film Festival (PiFAN) in the summer. It started in 1997 and it happens every year. The movies are comedy, romance, action, and fantasy. Bucheon also has a comic festival in the summer.
Museums
Bucheon has very many museums, like a robot museum, a comic museum, a history museum, and a water museum.

Official Symbols
Bucheon had many peach orchards before it was developed as a city. That is why Bucheon's official plant is the peach tree, and its official flower is the peach flower. Its official bird is the falcon.

Education
Bucheon has 62 elementary schools and 32 middle schools. There are also 27 high schools. Of the high schools, 20 are normal, two are all-girls schools, and five are special high schools.

Bucheon's five special high schools are: 
1. Gyeonggi Art High School in Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Gu
2. Gyeonggi International Business High School in Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Gu
3. Bucheon Information Industry High School in Sang-Dong, Wonmi-Gu
4. Bucheon Technical High School in Sosa-Gu, and 
5. Jeongmyeong Information Industry High School in Sosa-Gu
There are also many academies (hagwon) in Bucheon. They teach many subjects. They are for students from kindergarten to high school. Many academies are in Jung-Dong and Sang-Dong neighborhoods.

Transportation
Bucheon has two subway lines (Line 1 and Line 7). There are 11 subway stations and one bus terminal (Sopoong). There are many local buses and intercity buses.  In the early 1990s, Bucheon had very little public transportation. It has developed a lot in the past twenty years.

Economy
Wonmi District's major technology is the semiconductor. There are many other industries: Comics, packaging, lighting, and molding. Bucheon also is a center of robot research. Bucheon has 19 robot companies. There are only 100 robot companies in Korea.

Sister cities 
 Okayama, Japan; since 1981.
 Harbin, China; since 1995.
 Kawasaki, Japan; since 1996.
 Khabarovsk, Russia; since 2002.
 Valenzuela City, Philippines; since 2006.
 Bakersfield, United States; since 2007.

Cities in South Korea
Land reclamation is the idea of getting new land. It is usually done in coastal areas. Sometimes it is also done in areas like rivers and lakes. Usually, there is a natural process which fills such areas with sand, dirt and other materials. Land reclamation uses the same process, which is sped up. In many cases, this is done using dikes. An example where land reclamation is done is the IJsselmeer in the Netherlands.

Pioneer plants, such as Salicornia or Ammophila grow there. When the level of the land is as high as that of the high tide, new ditches are dug, and the process can repeat.

Sometimes, it is too time-consuming to wait for the land to rise. In that case, it is possible to pump out the water in the enclosed area. This was done in the Netherlands, where many areas are below sea level. The problem with this approach is that it needs to be repeated, for example in the case of heavy rainfall.
Few examples are Kansai Airport in Osaka, Japan.
The creation of large, artificial islands, such as Palm Islands in Dubai or Maasvlakte, which is part of the port of Rotterdam is not known as Land reclamation.

Gallery

Geography
Jerry Maren (born Gerard Marenghi; January 24, 1920 – May 24, 2018) was an American actor and writer. He was the only confirmed surviving dwarf Munchkin from The Wizard of Oz (in 2014). 

The other surviving munchkin cast member was Ruth Robinson Duccini until she died in 2014. Maren is the last surviving male dwarf Munchkin from the movie and later the only living Munchkin actor since the death of Duccini. Maren retired from public appearances in September 2011.

Early life
Maren was born Gerard Marenghi in Boston, Massachusetts on January 24, 1920.

Career
In the 1950s, Maren worked as a Little Oscar for the Oscar Mayer Company and as Buster Brown in television and radio commercials. Later he joined his friend Billy Barty in organizing Little People of America. Maren has also portrayed Mayor McCheese and The Hamburglar in commercials for McDonald's.
In the late 1970s, he was the dapper little man on The Gong Show, heralding each show's big finish with an onslaught of confetti as Milton Delugg's band played "Hoop Dee Doo".

Maren also made a notable appearance in The Odd Couple episode 'Felix the Horseplayer' as Harry Tallman, a racehorse exerciser who was giving Oscar tips on winning horses.

Personal life
Maren was married to Elizabeth Barrington from 1975 until her death at age 69 on January 27, 2011.

He lived in Southern California.

Death
On May 24, 2018, Maren died in San Diego of heart failure complicated by dementia at the age of 98.

References

Other websites
 

1920 births
2018 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Boston
Writers from Boston
People with dwarfism
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from dementia
Ruth Duccini (July 23, 1918 – January 16, 2014) was an American actress and writer. She was one of the last two surviving Munchkins from the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz. The other is Jerry Maren. Duccini was the last surviving female from the movie and also the oldest.

Her role in the movie as a Munchkin villager was not credited. Her most recent appearance was when she (along with the other surviving Munchkins from The Wizard of Oz) was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

While Duccini could not remember what she earned filming Oz in 2013. She said that the Munchkin village actors were paid $125 a week during filming.

Duccini made the news again when Baroness Margaret Thatcher died and critics of the former Prime Minister tried to propel "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" on the radio charts to celebrate her passing. Duccini and Maren both called the campaign "terrible" and were saddened by the movement while insisting the song was never to be used in such a way.
Duccini died on January 16, 2014 from natural causes in Las Vegas, Nevada, aged 95.

References

Other websites
The Wizard of Oz' Special Screening Honoring the Munchkins Photo Gallery

1918 births
2014 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Minnesota
Writers from Minnesota
People with dwarfism
The University of Leicester is a university in Leicester, England.

Related pages 
 International Planning History Society

Other websites 

 University of Leicester website 
 LUSH Student Radio
 University of Leicester Student Savings Directory 
 Aerial photograph of University College (later Leicester University) in April 1926 

 Leicester
International Planning History Society (IPHS) is an international academic organization for urban planning history. The organization was established in 1974 at the University of Leicester, in Leicester, England as an academic group called "Planning History Group". In 1993, it became an international organization with architecture and urban planning faculties around the world and the name changed to "International Planning History Society".

Related pages 
 Society for American City and Regional Planning History

Other websites 
  International Planning History Society 
  The International Planning History Society International Conference - 2020  website 
  The International Planning History Society International Conference - 2012  website
  The International Planning History Society International Conference - 2014  website 

History of urban planning
Urban planning organizations
1974 establishments in England
Organisations based in Leicester
International organizations
Yukuhashi is a town in Fukuoka Prefecture, western Japan. It is south of Kitakyushu, near Oita Prefecture. It has around 70,000 people.

Other websites
City website 

Towns in Fukuoka Prefecture
Atlantic hurricane seasons
Before 1600 1600s 1700s 1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s

While information for every storm that happened is not available, some parts of the coastline had enough people to give information of hurricane happenings. Each season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30.

1700–1719 
Although not listed below, the Great Storm of 1703 that struck the Kingdom of England may have been a hurricane.

1720–1739

1740–1759

1760–1769

1770–1779
1770–1779

1780–1789 
The 1780 Atlantic hurricane season was a very deadly hurricane season. About 25,000 people died mainly due to three storms in October.
 A hurricane affected Puerto Rico on June 19, 1780.
 The second hurricane seen hit New Orleans, causing a lot of damage.  
 A hurricane hit Jamaica on October 5, it also hit Cuba. The storm killed about 1115 people. This was also known as the Savanna-la-Mar Hurricane.
 The Great Hurricane of 1780 killed 22,000 people in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Making it the deadliest Atlantic hurricane ever seen. 
 A powerful hurricane in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico from October 17 to the 21st killed 2,000 people. Also known as Solano's Hurricane. 
During late October, a storm hit Barbados and St. Lucia. 
A storm moved along the East Coast of the United States on November 17.

1790–1790

Related pages
List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

References
References

Other websites 
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml
http://www.candoo.com/genresources/hurricane.htm#1700 
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/vahur.htm
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lch/research/la18hu.htm 

18th century
18th century in North America
Crossing the Rubicon is a metaphor similar to "Burning one's bridges" and "the point of no return". It means passing a decisive point, where one cannot turn back. It comes from a genuine historical incident. The Rubicon is  a shallow river in north-east Italy. According to Roman tradition and law Roman legions could not be brought south of the river without permission of the Roman Senate.

Caesar's civil war 
In 50 BC, the Senate, led by Pompey, ordered Julius Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome because his term as governor of Gaul had finished. Caesar thought he would be prosecuted if he entered Rome without the immunity enjoyed by a magistrate. Pompey accused Caesar of insubordination and treason.
Crossing the Rubicon 
Caesar and his army approached Rome and crossed the Rubicon in 49 BC. It was the point beyond which no army was supposed to go. The river marked the boundary between Cisalpine Gaul to the north, and Italy proper to the south. Pompey, the lawful Consul, and his friends, fled from Rome as Caesar's army approached. So began a civil war in which Caesar eventually triumphed.

What Caesar reportedly said at the crossing of the Rubicon is "Alea iacta est" ("The die is cast"). This is yet another metaphor. It comes from gambling with dice: once the die or dice have been thrown, no bets can be withdrawn or added, even before the dice have come to rest.

References 

Metaphors
Pico Ruivo ("red peak" in Portuguese) is, with its , the highest point of the island of Madeira and the third summit of Portugal (after Mount Pico in Pico Island, Azores, and Torre in continental Portugal).

Pico Ruivo is in the Central Mountainous Massif, in the municipality of Santana, where there are also other high mountains like the Pico das Torres, with  and the Pico do Arieiro, with .

Plants
Although of moderate altitude, the top has a very rocky landscape. The only vegetation that can develop there is of plants that grow on or among rocks.

There are two main types of vegetation: one with heathers, widespread on the island, and another with few herbaceous plants. A special feature for this altitude is the presence of small shrubs and heather trees.

Wildlife

Some birds found on Pico Ruivo are the common blackbird, chaffinch and the Madeira firecrest. The red-legged partridge and the common linnet also nest on Pico Ruivo.
Until a few years ago, its slopes were used for raising goats, sheep and cows. However, to conserve the biodiversity in the region (such as the protection of the bird freira-da-madeira and plant communities in altitude), this practice was prohibited and the entire area around the peak is recovering.

Hiking
The summit of Pico Ruivo can be reached only on foot:
 from Achada do Texeira (north-east, 1,592 meters) by a trail;
 from the Pico do Arieiro (southeast), the third highest mountain of the island, along a path about  long; or
 by the west, especially from Curral das Freiras.

References

Other websites

 madeira islands - Madeira Tourism Office: Nature holidays
 Pico Ruivo, Portugal - Peakbagger.com
 "Europe: Atlantic Islands - Ultra Prominences" - Peaklist.org. 
 Pico Ruivo: Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering: SummitPost
 Madeira Tourism Office: Walking through undreamt beauty

Mountains of Europe
Madeira Islands
Henry Polic II (February 20, 1945 – August 11, 2013) was a stage, screen, and voice actor. He was best known for his role as Jerry Silver in Webster and as the voice of Scarecrow in Batman: The Animated Series.

Polic was born on February 20, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied at Florida State University. Polic died on August 11, 2013 in Los Angeles, California from cancer, aged 68.

References

Other websites
 

1945 births
2013 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh
Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg; 25 September 1968 – 12 August 2013) was a member of the Dutch Royal Family.

He was born on 25 September 1968 in the University Medical Center in Utrecht, Netherlands to Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus. He was a younger brother of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. Because of his marriage without an Act of Consent in 2004, he lost his membership of the Dutch Royal House and was no longer in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. He worked as chief financial officer for Urenco Group.

On 17 February 2012, Prince Friso was buried under an avalanche in Lech, Austria, while skiing off piste. He was taken to a hospital in Innsbruck where he was in critical but stable condition.
According to his doctor, even though he was trapped for a relatively short time and hopes had originally been higher, subsequent neurological tests showed that after fifty minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in moderate hypothermia he suffered massive brain damage due to oxygen shortage. The prince was in a minimally conscious state and it was unclear whether he would ever regain full consciousness. After nearly a year and a half in a coma, he died on 12 August 2013.

References

Other websites

 Geen Toestemmingswet Huwelijk Friso en Mabel, archived from regering.nl, 10 October 2003 (Dutch)

1968 births
2013 deaths
Skiing deaths
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch princes and princesses
Russell's Paradox is the theory that states: If you have a list of lists that do not list themselves, then that list must list itself, because it doesn't contain itself. However, if it lists itself, it then contains itself, meaning it cannot list itself. This makes logical usages of lists of lists that don't contain themselves somewhat difficult. It was developed by Bertrand Russell.

Logical paradoxes
Set theory
Augusta Victoria Hospital is a hospital on Mount of Olives, Jerusalem. It was built in 1907. It was named after Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, the wife of German Kaiser Wilhelm II.

Other websites 

 Augusta Victoria  on the Israel Traveler website.  

1907 establishments in Asia
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Hospitals in Israel
Mount of Olives
1900s establishments in Israel
Fulk III "Nerra" (970–1040), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 987 to his death. He built up Angevin power by building a network of castles.

Early career 

Fulk was the son of Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou and Adele of Meaux. He was born about 970. Fulk was born into a dynasty of counts going back nearly a hundred years. His father, grandfather, great-grandfather and second great-grandfather had all been counts of Anjou before him. His father, Geoffrey I had been preparing Fulk to be count as he raised him. He was about age seventeen when his father died and Fulk became the next count. Two years earlier, in 985, his father arranged for him to be married to Elizabeth de Vendome, daughter of Bouchard, Count of Vendome. His nickname "Nerra" meant 'the Black'. It was probably given to him after his death.

Count of Anjou
Count of Anjou 

His first years as count were a constant fight for survival. His western borders and his holdings in Touraine were not secure. His concerns were mainly holding and defending Angevin interests. Fulk also faced opposition from the church. Bishop Renaud of Angers and Guntarius abbot of St. Aubin both thought they could take advantage of an inexperienced young count. They wanted to take back lands they lost to Fulk's father, Geoffrey. But Fulk had a powerful ally in his uncle, Bishop Guy of Le Puy. Guy stepped in and sent the abbot on a pilgrimage and used force against Bishop Renaud.

Fulk fought against Conan I of Rennes at the Battle of Conquereuil on 27 June 992. Even though Conan had lost a battle to Fulk's father years before, he was still a powerful force in the region. Defeating and killing Conan gave Fulk Nerra a reputation as a very capable commander. Fulk then extended his power over Maine and Touraine.
Fulk Nerra had a longstanding rivalry with Odo II, Count of Blois. Hugh Capet, the king of France had supported the Angevins against Blois. But king Robert II of France had been married to Bertha, (Odo II's mother) and supported Blois against Anjou. The king opposed Fulk's designs on Touraine and this forced him to pull back to Anjou. When Fulk went to the Holy Land Odo II tried to take advantage. He built three new castles to counter those built by Fulk. When Robert II married again, this time to Constance of Arles, she was Fulk's cousin. Relations between the king and Fulk improved. When Count Hugh of Beauvais, a favorite of King Robert, began speaking against his new wife Constance, Fulk had him killed. This turned the king and the church against Fulk. To ask forgiveness, Fulk took a trip to the Holy Land (he made four total). When he returned he built a new monastery. The king decided to stay with Constance. He and Fulk reconcilled in Rome in 1016
. That same year war broke out between Fulk and Odo II of Blois. Fulk allied with Herbert I, Count of Maine, called Wakedog, and they attacked Tours. Odo II came in response and the two met on 6 July 1016. Although he was knocked off his horse, Herbert Wakedog rescued him. Fulk defeated Odo II at the Battle of Pontlevoy.
Odo II fell out of favor with king Robert. Robert asked Fulk to help him against Odo II, which he did. In 1026 when Odo II beseiged Montboyau, Fulk Nerra attacked Saumur. Fulk kept Samur while Odo II lost Montboyau. In the later part of his reign Fulk made several gains in the south including much of Poitou and built a castle there to protect his interests.

In defending his territory Fulk had a large number of castles and other fortifications built. Fulk used these castles both offensively and defensively. Some of his fortresses cut in half the territory of a neighboring lord. Others were used as forward bases for attacking Touraine.
Fulk could be ruthless at times. His treatment of his first wife is an example. When he thought she had committed adultery, he ordered his countess to be executed by burning. They had been married nearly fifteen years when she died. Fulk continued to control Vendome through their daughter, Adele, and her family. In 1028 Fulk and his second wife, Hildegarde, founded the abbey of Le Ronceray. Originally a church dedicated to St. Mary, Hildegard was very active in its rebuilding into an abbey. They gave the abbey many gifts including the forest of Lattay. Fulk died 1 April 1040 while returning from his last pilgrimage.

Family 

Fulk's first wife was Elizabeth de Vendome. Together they had a daughter: 
 Adèle. She married Bodon de Nevers, count of Vendome (jure uxoris).
 
His second wife was Hildegard of Lorraine. Together they had two children: 
 Geoffrey Martel, his successor.
 Ermengarde-Blanche.

References 

970s births
1040 deaths
Counts of Anjou
The Adventured of Tintin or The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorns a 2011 American action-adventure movie. The film is based on three of Hergé's albums Crab With The Golden Claws, The Secret Unicorn and Red Rackham's Treasure.

It was directed by Steven Spielberg. It was produced by Peter Jackson and Kathleen Kennedy. It stars Jamie Bell, Andy Serkis, Daniel Craig, Nick Frost, Simon Pegg, and Enn Reitel. It was composed by John Williams.

It was released on December 21, 2011. A sequel will be released in 2015 called The Adventures of Tintin 2: Prisoners of the Sun which is based on The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners Of The Sun. A third and final film, The Adventures Of Tintin 3, based on Destination Moon and Explorers On The Moon, will be released on 2018.
Cast 
 Jamie Bell as Tintin
 Andy Serkis as Captain Haddock and Sir Francis Haddock
 Daniel Craig as Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine and Red Rackham
 Nick Frost as Thomson
 Simon Pegg as Thompson
 Toby Jones as Aristides Silk
 Daniel Mays as Allan
 Gad Elmaleh as Omar ben Salaad
 Mackenzie Crook as Tom

2011 movies
2010s action movies
2011 adventure movies
2010s mystery movies
American action movies
American adventure movies
American mystery movies
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
Movies composed by John Williams
English-language movies
Movies set in deserts
Vasiliy Mikhailovich Peskov (March 14, 1930 – August 12, 2013) was a Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveler and ecologist.

He has worked in the Russian newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda since 1956. From 1975 until 1990 he conducted the TV programme "In the World of Animals" on Soviet TV.

Peskov was born on March 14, 1930 in Orlovo, Central Black Earth Oblast (now Voronezh Oblast), Soviet Union.

In 1964, he was awarded a Lenin Prize. In 1990, he was among the winners of UNEP's Global 500 Roll of Honour.

Peskov died on August 12, 2013 in Moscow, Russia. The cause of his death is currently unknown. He was 83 years old.

Related pages
List of ecologists

References

Other websites
 ЗАГЛЯДЫВАЮЩИЙ В ПРИРОДУ 
 Adult Award Winner in 1990 
 mosdepkultura 

1930 births
2013 deaths
Russian writers
Russian journalists
Ecologists
Russian photographers
Voronezh Oblast
The Order of the Aztec Eagle () is a Mexican order and is the highest decoration awarded to foreigners in the country. It is the highest honor in Mexico.

Recipients include Dwight D. Eisenhower, Elizabeth II, Nelson Rockefeller, Ted Kennedy, Cesar Chavez, Bill Gates,Donald Winkelmann and Nelson Mandela. The order was created in 1933.

History
It was created by decree on December 29, 1933 by President Abelardo L. Rodríguez as a reward to the services given to Mexico or humankind by foreigners. It is similar to awards given to Mexican citizens such as the Condecoración Miguel Hidalgo or the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor. It is given by the office of the foreign minister on the instructions of a Council established for this purpose headed by the President.

Notable recipients

Royalty
Royalty

Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia – Collar (1954)
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom – Collar (1973)
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Emperor Mohammed Reza of Iran – Collar (1975)
King Olav V of Norway –  Cross
King Juan Carlos I of Spain – Collar
Queen Sofía of Spain – Grand Cross, Special Class
Emperor Akihito of Japan – Collar
King Carl Gustaf XVI of Sweden – Collar (2004)
King Mohammed VI of Morocco – Collar (2005)
Queen Margrethe II of Denmark – Collar (2008)
Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark – Grand Cross, Special Class (2008) 
Felipe VI of Spain – Sash ( 1996 ); Collar ( 2015 )
Queen Letizia of Spain – Grand Cross (2008); Grand Cross, Special Class (2015 )
Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands – Grand Cross woth Chain (2009)
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands – Grand Cross with Chain (2009)
Queen Máxima of the Netherlands – Grand Cross, Special Class (2009)
Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2016)
King Salman of Saudi Arabia (2016)

Presidents
Presidents

Dwight D. Eisenhower – Collar (1945)
Juscelino Kubitschek – Collar
Rafael Trujillo – Collar
Charles de Gaulle – Collar
Josip Broz Tito – Collar (1963)
Julius Nyerere – Collar (1975)
Lennart Meri – Collar (1995)
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – Collar (2007)
Michelle Bachelet – Collar (2007)
Nelson Mandela – Sash (2010)
Juan Manuel Santos – Collar (2011)
José Mujica – Collar (2014)
Dilma Rousseff – Collar (2014)
Mauricio Macri – Collar (2016)

Politicians

Edmond Leburton
Alexandra Kollontai – Sash (1944)
Henry H. Arnold – Collar (1945)
Dr. Jože Brilej – Sash (1950s)
Lisa Shoman – Sash (2008)
Ted Kennedy – Sash (2008)
Yves Ducharme
Benoît Hamon
David Dreier – (2017)

Other
Other

Walt Disney (1943)
Spencer Atkinson (1946)
Nigel Davies (1980)
Edward Hidalgo (1980)
Diana Kennedy (1981)
Gabriel García Márquez (1982)
Claudio Arrau (1982)
Plácido Domingo – (1985)
W. Michael Mathes (1985)
Yuri Knorozov (1995)
Hector P. Garcia (1998)
Satish Gujral – Insignia proper
Charles Butt – (2001)
Candelaria Mayan Singh – Placard (2007)
Melinda Gates – Insignia proper (2007)
Anne d'Harnoncourt – Insignia proper (2007)
Adair Margo – Insignia proper (2007)
Earl A. Powell III – Insignia proper (2007)
Tomás Ybarra-Frausto – Insignia proper (2007)
Rigoberta Menchú – Insignia proper (2010)
Mario Vargas Llosa – 2011
Amartya Sen 2011
Bono – Insignia proper (2012)
Rick Bayless – 2012
Cesar Chavez
Ralph Roeder
Stuart Gulliver – 2017
Roderic Ai Camp – 2017

References

Other websites
http://www.medals.org.uk/mexico/mexico001.htm
http://www.blasoneshispanos.com/Ordenes/OtrasOrdenes/AguilaAzteca/AguilaAzteca.htm
Orders, decorations, and medals
Mexican culture
1933 establishments in North America
1930s establishments in Mexico
The Division of Durack is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Western Australia. The Division is named after the pioneering Durack family. Author Mary Durack's wrote about the family history in her books, Kings in Grass Castles and Sons in the Saddle. The division was set up in 2010. 

Durack covers the northern parts of Western Australia. It includes Geraldton, Broome, Carnarvon, Derby, Dongara, Kalbarri, Karratha, Kununurra, Meekatharra, Merredin, Moora, Mukinbudin, Newman, Port Hedland and Tom Price, as well as the Houtman Abrolhos islands.

At 1,587,758 km², Durack is the largest electorate in Australia by land area.

Members

Barry Haase was the member for the Division of Kalgoorlie which was abolished in the changes which established Durack.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Durack - Australian Electoral Commission
 Melissa Price's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
Western Australia
2008 establishments in Australia
The Division of Gorton is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up in 2004 and is named for Sir John Gorton, Prime Minister of Australia from 1968 to 1971. It covers the outer western suburbs of Melbourne. It includes the suburbs of Hillside, Delahey, Kings Park, Caroline Springs, Deer Park, Cairnlea and Melton as well as the satellite townships of Diggers Rest and Toolern Vale.

Members

Brendan O'Connor had also been the member for the Division of Burke. He has held several Ministerial positions in the Rudd Government and the Gillard Government These have included Immigration and Citizenship, Housing, Human Services, Skills and Training, Small Business, and Employment.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Gorton – Australian Electoral Commission
 Brendan O'Connor's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
2004 establishments in Australia
The Division of Holt is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1969 and is named for Harold Holt, who was Prime Minister of Australia 1966–67. It covers the outer south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. This includes Cranbourne, Doveton, Hampton Park, Endeavour Hills, Narre Warren, and Hallam.

Members

Gareth Evans was a member of the Senate before being elected to Holt. He was a Cabinet Minister in the Hawke and Keating Governments, including Foreign Minister. He was the Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 1996 to 1998.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Holt – Australian Electoral Commission
 Anthony Byrne's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1969 establishments in Australia
James Dougherty (born April 12, 1921 – August 15, 2005) was an American policeman in the Los Angeles Police Department. He was Marilyn Monroe's first husband.

Early life
Dougherty was born in Texas. His parents were Ethel and Edward Dougherty. He was youngest of five children. His grandparents were immigrants from England and Ireland. When he was a child, he moved to Globe, Arizona with his parents.

He studied at Van Nuys, California  High School and graduated in 1938. Jane Russell, who grew up to become a very famous actress was in the same graduating class as James Dougherty.

Marriages
In 1942, when he was 20 years old, he met his neighbor, Norma Jeane Baker. She was 16 years-old and they married in Los Angeles. After the wedding, he joined the navy. They separated in 1946. He told the Sun-Journal in 1997, that he was in love with a small town girl, not an actress. Until Monroe died in 1962, he followed the career of his ex-wife.
In 1947, he married Patricia Scoman. They have three daughters Cheryl Ann Dougherty (born 1947), Vivian Kathleen Dougherty (born 1950), and Maria Irene Dougherty (born 1952). Dougherty and Scoman separated in 1972.

His third wife was Rita Lambert. They married in 1974 and moved to her hometown in Maine. They were married until she died in 2003.

Death
At the age of 84 years, he died in August 2005 of leukemia.

Other websites

1921 births
2005 deaths
American police officers
People from Los Angeles
People from Texas
Deaths from leukemia
The Division of Lingiari is an Australian electoral division in the Northern Territory. It was created in 2000 and covers almost the entire Territory. The city of Darwin is in the Division of Solomon. Lingiari covers an area of , making it the second largest division in terms of area in Australia. The largest is the Division of Durack in Western Australia. Lingiari also includes the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

The division was named for Aboriginal rights activist Vincent Lingiari AM (1908–1988), who was a member of the Gurindji nation.

Members

Warren Snowden hheld a number of positions, including Minister for Veterans' Affairs, Minister for Defence Science and Personnel, Minister for Indigenous Health, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister on the Centenary of Anzac during the Rudd and Gillard governments.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Lingiari - Australian Electoral Commission
 Warren Snowden's website
Electoral divisions of Australia
2001 establishments in Australia
A Sophie Germain prime is a type of prime number. If a prime number is still prime after being multiplied by 2 and adding 1 to the answer, then the original prime is a Sophie Germain prime. A mathematical definition is: a prime number, denoted by p, is a Sophie Germain prime if 2p+1 is also a prime number. 2p+1 is called a safe prime if it is a prime number.

Sophie Germain primes are named after the French mathematician Sophie Germain.

Many mathematicians believe that there are an infinite amount of Sophie Germain primes, but this has not been proven.

Examples

11 is a Sophie Germain prime because 23 ((2 × 11) + 1 = 23) is also a prime number.

13 is a prime number but not a Sophie Germain prime because 27 ((2 × 13) + 1 = 27) is not a prime number.

Classes of prime numbers
Touraine () is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. In 1790 France changed from being divided into provinces to being divided into departments. Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher and Indre.

Geography

Touraine has a network of rivers. The Loire and its tributaries the Cher, the Indre and the Vienne all make up a part of the Paris river basin. It is well known for its wine. The TGV connects Tours with Paris. The trip takes less than an hour. This has made Touraine a place of residence for people who work in the capital but seek a different quality of life.
History
Touraine takes its name from a Celtic tribe called the Turones, who inhabited the Tours region about two thousand years ago.  
In 1044, the control of Touraine was given to the counts of Anjou. This same dynasty who (as the House of Plantagenet) became kings of England in 1154. The castle of Chinon was their great stronghold. In 1205, Philip II Augustus of France regained Touraine. At this time, Touraine was made into a Duchy. In 1429, Saint Joan of Arc had a historic meeting with the future King of France Charles VII at Chinon. Throughout the late 15th and 16th centuries, Touraine was a favorite residence of French kings. The castles were converted to Renaissance châteaux; for this reason the region was titled "The Garden of France". These same châteaux became popular tourist attractions in modern times. The royal duchy became a province in 1584, and was divided into departments in 1790.

Famous natives
 René Descartes
 Honoré de Balzac
Famous non-natives
 Leonardo da Vinci died in Amboise in 1519
 Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine leader of the Army of Scotland in France during the Hundred Years' War.

Notes

References 

Geography of France
Pays de la Loire
Centre-Val de Loire
Emily Mallory Procter (born October 8, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Detective Calleigh Duquesne on the television series CSI: Miami.

Early life
Procter was born in Raleigh, North Carolina and grew up there. She was adopted. Her parents William and Barbara divorced when she was three years old. She has an older brother Whit. She went to East Carolina University and got degrees in journalism and dance.

Career
She went to the drama school for two years. She acted in movies like Leaving Las Vegas and Jerry Maguire, before she graduated. In 1988, she got her first main role in the film Breast Man.

Her breakthrough was on the TV series CSI: Miami. She played the role of Calleigh Duquesne from 2002 to 2012.

1968 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Raleigh, North Carolina
Eve Hewson (born 7 July 1991) is an Irish actress. She is the daughter of U2's lead singer Bono and Irish activist Ali Hewson.  Her first big movie role was in Paolo Sorrentino's This Must Be the Place in 2011, with Sean Penn.

Early life
Hewson was born on 7 July 1991 in Dublin. She was named Eve because she was born on 7 July at 7:00pm, and  "eve" is the middle of the word "seven". She has three siblings. She was educated at St. Andrew's College in Dublin and attended New York University (NYU).

U2 song "Kite" was based on a time when Bono his daughters to fly kite on Killiney Hill. When the kite smashed, Eve asked if they could go home to play with their Tamagotchis.
Career
Hewson's parents did not want her to be a performer. However she was in a short movie in 2005 with her sister. This was Erica Dunton's short movie, Lost and Found. her first feature-length movie was in 2008, in Dunton's The 27 Club. The same year Hewson took part in an acting programme at the New York Film Academy. In 2010 she was in a music video and short movie for Irish band The Script's song "For the First Time".

In 2011 Hewson acted with Sean Penn and Frances McDormand in Paolo Sorrentino's This Must Be the Place. Her role was a young punk called Mary. She will play Yvonne in a new movie called Blood Ties by French director Guillaume Canet. Hewson  received her degree from New York University on 22 May 2013. Her father turned down an offer of an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters on the same day.

In July 2013 Jack Quaid from The Hunger Games and Hewson asked fans for money for a new movie called Roadies using crowdsourcing.

Filmography

References

Other websites
Other websites

1991 births
Living people
Irish movie actors
Actors from Dublin
Alison "Ali" Hewson (née Stewart; 23 March 1961) is an Irish activist and businesswoman. She is the wife of singer and musician Paul Hewson, known as Bono, from the rock group U2.

Raised in Raheny, she met her future husband at a young age at Mount Temple Comprehensive School and married him in 1982. She has a degree in politics and sociology from University College Dublin in 1989. The couple have four children together and live at residences in Ireland, France, and the United States.  She has inspired several U2 songs, most famously "Sweetest Thing".

Early life
Alison Stewart was born on 23 March 1961,the daughter of Terry and Joy Stewart and the granddaughter of Hector Grey, a well known Dublin trader and shop owner. Alison studied at Mount Temple Comprehensive School where, at the age of twelve, she met Paul Hewson, who was a grade ahead of her.

Marriage and family