Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Yevhen Lemeshko (; 11 December 1929 – 2 June 2016) was a Ukrainian football coach. He was born in Mykolaiv. He was chairman of the Council of Veteran Footballers. He started his football career as a player for FC Dynamo Kyiv, but due to an injury he continued his football career as a coach.

In 1956 Lemeshko played couple of games for the Ukraine at the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR. In 1980 he became a Merited Coach of Ukraine.

Lemeshko died on 2 June 2016 in Kiev, Ukraine from a stroke, aged 86.

References

Other websites
  Lemeshko only five years younger than Metalist (Obozrevatel, December 14, 2005) 
  Brief profile at klisf
  History of Karpaty Lviv
  Interview to the Ukrainian daily "Den" (July 23, 1998)

1929 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Ukrainian footballers
Ukrainian football managers
Boyce Ficklen Martin, Jr. (October 23, 1935 – June 1, 2016) was an American judge. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the  United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He was appointed by Jimmy Carter in 1979. Martin served as Chief Judge of the circuit from 1996 to 2003. He wrote more than 1100 opinions during his 34-year career.

Martin, Jr. died at his home in Louisville, Kentucky from brain cancer on June 1, 2016, aged 80.

References

Other websites
Biography of Boyce F. Martin on the 6th Circuit website

1935 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Kentucky
Deaths from brain cancer
American judges
Politicians from Boston
Andrzej Niemczyk (16 January 1944 – 2 June 2016) was a Polish volleyball player and coach. He was the coach of the Poland women's national volleyball team that competed at the 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship. He was born in Łódź.

Niemczyk died in Warsaw, Poland from cancer on 2 June 2016, aged 72.

References

Other websites

1944 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Poland
Polish volleyball players
Volleyball coaches
People from Łódź
Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman "Tom" Kibble (23 December 1932 – 2 June 2016), was a British theoretical physicist, senior research investigator at The Blackett Laboratory, at Imperial College London, UK and Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College. He was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to physics.

His research interests were in quantum field theory (the quantum theory of elementary particles) and in the connections between high-energy particle physics and cosmology (the study of the physical universe). He is best known as one of the first to describe the Higgs mechanism (explaining how some but not all elementary particles have mass), and for his research on topological defects (roughly - points, lines or surfaces in space where there is a jump). From the 1950s he was concerned about the nuclear arms race and from 1970 took leading roles in promoting the social responsibility of the scientist.
Early life and education
Kibble was born in Madras, India, and was the grandson of William Bannerman, an officer in the Indian Medical Service, and the author Helen Bannerman. He was educated at Doveton Corrie School in Madras and then in Edinburgh, Scotland, at Melville College and at the University of Edinburgh. He graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a BSc in 1955, MA in 1956 and a PhD in 1958. Kibble was married to Anne Allan from 1957 until her death in 2005. They had three children.

Career
Kibble worked on symmetry breaking (simple example - a ball at the top of a hill might roll down in any direction), phase transitions (simple example - water turning to ice as it freezes) and topological defects (roughly - points, lines or surfaces in space where there is a jump).
Kibble pioneered the study of the formation of topological defects in the very early times of the existence of the universe. An influential model of defect formation across a certain kind of phase transition is known as the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. His paper on cosmic strings (line defects of space on a cosmic scale)  introduced the idea into modern cosmology.

He was one of the two co-chairs of a research programme funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF) on Cosmology in the Laboratory (COSLAB) which ran from 2001 to 2005. He was previously the coordinator of an ESF Network on Topological Defects in Particle Physics, Condensed Matter & Cosmology (TOPDEF). These programmes studied the analogies between topological defects in the early universe and similar structural defects in liquids and solids, which may be studied in the laboratory. (For a simple example of a network of laboratory topological defects, consider the boundaries between the many small, misaligned crystallites in a metal.)
In 1966 Kibble published a textbook, Classical Mechanics, which is still in print (as of 2016), now in its 5th edition and co-authored with Frank Berkshire.

Recognition
Kibble was a Fellow of the Royal Society (1980), of the Institute of Physics (1991), and of Imperial College London (2009). He was also a member of the American Physical Society (1958), the European Physical Society (1975) and the Academia Europaea (2000). In 2008, Kibble was named an Outstanding Referee by the American Physical Society.

In addition to the Sakurai Prize, Kibble has been awarded the Hughes Medal (1981) of the Royal Society, the Rutherford (1984) and Guthrie Medals (1993) of the Institute of Physics, the Dirac Medal (2013), the Albert Einstein Medal (2014) and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2014). He was awarded a CBE in the 1998 Birthday Honours and was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to physics.
Social responsibility of scientists
In the 1950s and 1960s, Kibble became concerned about the nuclear arms race and from 1970 he took leading roles in several organisations promoting the social responsibility of the scientist. In the period 1970-1977 he was a national committee member, then treasurer, then chair of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science; from 1976 he was a trustee of the Science and Society Trust; from 1981 to 1991 he was a national coordinating committee member, then vice-chair, then chair of Scientists against Nuclear Arms; he was a sponsor of Scientists for Global Responsibility; and from 1988 he was chair, and later a trustee, of the Martin Ryle Trust. He was chair of the organising committee of the Second International Scientists' Congress, held at Imperial College in 1988, and was a co-editor of the proceedings.

References
References

Other websites
 Imperial College People 
 2010 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics Recipient
Papers written by T. Kibble in the INSPIRE-HEP database
 T. W. B. Papers written by T. Kibble on the Mathematical Reviews website
 Papers written by T. Kibble in Physical Review
 Physical Review Letters – 50th Anniversary Milestone Papers
 Imperial College London on PRL 50th Anniversary Milestone Papers

1932 births
2016 deaths
British physicists
British academics
Academics of Imperial College London
Monstercat (also known as Monstercat Media) is a Canadian-based independent electronic dance music (EDM) record label in Vancouver, British Columbia. Monstercat was formed in July 2005 by Mike Darlington CEO, and Ari Paunonen, COO.

The label signs artists on a non-exclusive single-track basis, allowing artists to freely move between other labels and brands. Monstercat follows a simple release schedule, where new music is released three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, in addition to an hour-long podcast that is live streamed every Tuesday on their Twitch account, known as Call Of The Wild. Once Monstercat has released thirty tracks consecutively, a new compilation album is created containing these tracks and two continuous mixes of the album. At several points in time, Monstercat has released a track outside of their regular release schedule for various reasons.
History 
In July 2005, Monstercat's current CEO - Mike Darlington - along with Ari Pauonen, Monstercat's current COO, created the Monstercat YouTube channel as a way for their friends to promote themselves and share music with each other. The two created compilation albums to provide artists with an easy method of releasing their music, as well as lessening the competitiveness between the artists.  Monstercat's first compilation album, Launch Week, featured seven artists: Feint, Halo Nova (currently Varien / Koinu), Stephen Walking, Ephixa, Neilio, Arion and Going Quantum.

Krewella Signs 
In December 2005, Monstercat signed the very notable musical group Krewella, an American electronic dance music duo (at the time, a trio) from Chicago, Illinois. "Killin' It" was Krewella's first original song released by a label. Monstercat promoted Krewella using many social media campaigns and partnered with many EDM YouTube promotional channels for a larger platform.
2014 - 2017 
During the first few months of 2014, Monstercat partnered with the electric family in aid of the Humane Society of Canada. In December 2014, Monstercat launched a 24-hour digital radio station, hosted on Twitch. Monstercat continued to release compilation albums containing thirty songs and two mixes each until 2017.

2018 - Present 
Near the beginning of 2018, Monstercat announced that it would seperate into two brands: Monstercat Uncaged and Monstercat Instinct.

Artists

Current Roster 
The following is a list of all the artists that are on Monstercat's current roster. Please note that not all artists who've released with Monstercat are necessarily supposed to be on this list.
7 Minutes Dead
 Aero Chord
 Astronaut
 Au5
 Braken
 Bustre
 Case & Point
 Deon Custom
 Dion Timmer
 Direct
 Dirty Audio
 Draper
 Droptek
 Emsi
 Eminence
 Fox Stevenson (Stan SB)
 F.O.O.L- Part of Falcon Funk
 Feint
 Fractal
 Grabbitz
 Haywyre
 Hellberg
 Hyper Potions
 Karma Fields
 Krewella
 Laszlo
 LVTHER- Alias of TwoThirds
 Mr FijiWiji
 Muzzy
 Nigel Good
 Nitro Fun
 Noisestorm
 PIXL
 PYLOT
 Pegboard Nerds
 Rogue
 Rootkit
 Slaydit
 Slips & Slurs
 Snavs
 Soulero
 Sound Remedy
 Stephen Walking
 Stonebank
 Summer Was Fun- Alias of DotEXE
 TheFatRat
 Tut Tut Child
 Varien
 Vicetone
 Volant
 WRLD

Former Artists 
The following is a list of artists who previously released music with Monstercat.
1uP
 23
 Archie
 Arion 
 Atmozfears- Now TVDS
 AZEDIA
 Chris Ramos
 Day One
 DotEXE- Now Summer Was Fun
 Dzeko & Torres
 Ephixa
 Falcon Funk
 Favright
 Gammer
 Halo Nova- Now Varien
 Hot Date!
 I.Y.F.F.E
 Insan3lik3
 Lets Be Friends
 Matduke
 Marshmello 
 Mitchell Claxton
 MYLK
 Neilio
 Obsidia
 OVERWERK- Now an independent artist
 Rundfunk- Now part of Televisor
 SCNDL
 Skifonix
 Stereotronique
 Teqq
 Throttle
 TVDS
 TwoThirds- Now LVTHER
 Virtual Riot
 yh

References

Other websites
 

Record labels
Acquarossa is the capital of the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Acquarossa was created on 4 April 2004, when the former municipalities of Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Marolta, Ponto Valentino and Prugiasco merged to form the new municipality of Acquarossa.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

2000s establishments in Switzerland
2004 establishments in Europe
Municipalities in Blenio
Buchholterberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Thun
Büetigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Seeland
Erstfeld is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. Around 3,000 people live in Erstfeld. Its area is .

References

Other websites

 Official Website of Erstfeld 

Municipalities of Uri
Flüelen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. Around 1,500 people live in Flüelen and it has an area of .

References

Other websites

 Official Website of Flüelen 

Municipalities of Uri
Chhatrapathi Shivaji Maharaj was the greatest ruler of the Maratha Empire. After Shivaji's death in 1680,the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb killed Shivaji's son Shambhaji and captured Shamabaji's infant son Shahu. Aurangazeb's successors released Shahu who occupied the Maratha throne.

The Peshwa is a (Prime minister) helped him rule his empire. Gradually, Peshwa became the real ruler of Marathas and his post became hereditary. 

During Shahu's reign Satara was the Maratha capital. After his death, the capital was shifted to Pune. Under the Peshwas Marathas developed a very successful military campaign. Between 1720 and 1761 the Maratha empire expanded.

After raiding Delhi on 1737 the frontiers of Maratha domination expanded into Rajasthan, Punjab, Bengaluru and Odisha. But these military campaigns also made other rulers hostile towards the Marathas and as a result they did not support Marathas in the third battle of Panipat.

References

Dynasties in India
Büren an der Aare (Bueren on the Aare, ) is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Seeland
Arni is a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Büren zum Hof was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.

Former municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Remich () is a commune with city status in south-eastern Luxembourg, capital of the canton Remich.

It is called the Pearl of the Moselle.

History
Remich was a Roman settlement called Remacum. This name changed to the present nameː Remich.

On 24 February 1843, Remich was officially made a city together with Luxembourg City, Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Echternach, Wiltz and Vianden.

Geography

Remich lies on the left bank of the Moselle river, which forms part of the border between Luxembourg and Germany.

The commune is the smallest in Luxembourg in area. It has an area of . The altitude is  high.

Remich is surrounded by three communes of Luxembourg: Stadtbredimus to the north, Schengen to the south and Bous to the west. To the northeast, the commune borders the Palzem municipality of the  Germersheim district in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate; and to the southeast Perl of the Merzig-Wadern district in the German state of Saarland.
Population
There were 3,632 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in Remich

Twin towns 
Remich is twinned with:
 Bessan, Hérault, France.

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes of Remich
Extreme Rules (2016) was a wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) made by WWE. The event was held on May 22, 2016. It took place at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. It was the eighth annual Extreme Rules.

Eight wrestling matches take place on the event. In the most important match, Roman Reigns beat AJ Styles in a Extreme Rules match to keep his WWE World Heavyweight Championship.

The event had mixed evaluations. Critics praised the matches for the Intercontinental Championship and WWE World Heavyweight Championship. However, the rest of the show was not well received.

Results

References

Other websites 
Official website for the Extreme Rules (2016)

2016 in sports
WWE Extreme Rules
Sports in New Jersey
2010s in New Jersey
2016 in the United States
The Copa América Centenario (English: Centennial Copa America) was a men's association football tournament that took place from 3 June to 26 June 2016. The tournament was made to celebrate 100 years of the Copa América. It was hosted in the United States for the first time.

Chile won the final in penalties over Argentina (which was a repeat of the 2015 Copa América Final).

The winner of the tournament will not qualify for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup because Chile already won the 2015 Copa América.

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Third place

Finals

Statistics

Goalscorers
6 goals

 Eduardo Vargas

5 goals
 Lionel Messi

4 goals
 Gonzalo Higuaín

3 goals

 Philippe Coutinho
 Alexis Sánchez
 Clint Dempsey

2 goals

 Ezequiel Lavezzi
 Érik Lamela
 Renato Augusto
 Edson Puch
 Arturo Vidal
 James Rodríguez
 Enner Valencia
 Blas Pérez
 Salomón Rondón

1 goal
1 goal

 Sergio Agüero
 Éver Banega
 Víctor Cuesta
 Ángel Di María
 Nicolás Otamendi
 Juan Carlos Arce
 Jhasmani Campos
 Gabriel
 Lucas Lima
 José Pedro Fuenzalida
 Carlos Bacca
 Frank Fabra
 Marlos Moreno
 Cristián Zapata
 Celso Borges
 Johan Venegas
 Michael Arroyo
 Jaime Ayoví
 Miller Bolaños
 Christian Noboa
 Antonio Valencia
 James Marcelin
 Jesús Manuel Corona
 Javier Hernández
 Héctor Herrera
 Rafael Márquez
 Oribe Peralta
 Abdiel Arroyo
 Miguel Camargo
 Víctor Ayala
 Christian Cueva
 Edison Flores
 Paolo Guerrero
 Raúl Ruidíaz
 Jermaine Jones
 Bobby Wood
 Gyasi Zardes
 Graham Zusi
 Mathías Corujo
 Diego Godín
 Abel Hernández
 Josef Martínez
 José Manuel Velázquez

1 own goal
 Frank Fabra (playing against Costa Rica)
 Je-Vaughn Watson (playing against Uruguay)
 Álvaro Pereira (playing against Mexico)

Tournament rankings

References 

2016 in association football
2016 in the United States
June 2016 events
Soccer in the United States
Copa América
Burgdorf () is the largest city in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 http://www.schloss-burgdorf.ch 
 

Municipalities in Emmental
Cities in Switzerland
Bruno Stanisław Gruszka (6 October 1881 - 4 March 1941) was a Polish representative and politician. He worked as a councilman in Radymno. He was born in Skołoszów. He died in prison in Przemyśl.

Youth   
Gruszka was born in a poor family. He was the only child of Ewa Bartoszewska and Michał Gruszka. He started his education in a middle school in Jarosław. Later he went to the teacher-training college in Tarnów. He studied law at the university in Lviv and Cracow. 

When he studied, he joined “The Polish People's Party” (, abbreviated to PSL).
In 1937 he was arrested and sent to prison in Lviv by peasant strike. (1937)

Works  
Bruno Gruszka took part in building-up PSL “Piast" (1913-1931). He was also a member of the Executive Board in Cracow and the District Executive Board in Jarosław. In 1922 he was the leader of the Senate committee and created the statute of the parliament.

Activity  
He was the founder of the Farmers and Craftspeople’s Bank in Radymno and Przemyśl and Włościański Bank in Jarosław.
He led The Ropework Association in Radymno. 

He was the chairman  of the Gymnastics Association Sokół.

He was the chairman of The Agriculture Association of the Małopolska province in Lviv.

Life in Radymno  
There is a street named after him. He was buried in the cemetery in Radymno.

References 
http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Gruszka-Bruno-Stanislaw;3908341.html
http://gazetaradymno.pl/bruno-stanislaw-gruszka-radymianski-polityk-ludowy/

1881 births
1941 deaths
Polish politicians
Polish lawyers
7-Eleven is an international brand of convenience stores. In 2021, there were over 78,000 stores in the world. There are 7-Eleven stores in 19 different countries.

The first 7-Eleven store was in the city of Dallas. The company that owns it, Seven-Eleven Japan Co., Ltd., is located in Tokyo. Seven-Eleven Japan is held by the Seven & I Holdings Co. holding company.

Name 
The company's first stores were named "Tote'm Stores" because customers "toted" (carried) away the things they bought. Some stores had totem poles in front of the store. In 1946, the brand's name was changed to "7-Eleven" because it was open from 7:00 am to 11:00 pm. In November 1999, the company's name was changed from "The Southland Corporation" to "7-Eleven Inc."
History
In 1927, Southland Ice Company employee John Jefferson Green sold eggs, milk, and bread from one of 16 ice house storefronts in Dallas. One of Southland's founding directors, Joe C. Thompson Sr., let him do this. Even though other stores sold these things, Thompson thought that selling things such as bread and milk at convenience stores would make it easier for people to get what they need. Thompson bought the Southland Ice Company and turned it into Southland Corporation. The Southland Corporation controlled many places in Dallas.
In 1931, the Great Depression happened. It almost made the company lose all of its money. However, the company went through re-organization and receivership to stop this. A Dallas banker, W.W. Overton Jr., also helped to bring it back by selling the company's bonds for a very low price. This made the company become controlled by of a board of directors.

In 1946, to help the company grow, the name of all the stores were changed to 7-Eleven to adjust to the stores' new hours of operation, 7 am to 11 pm. In 1969, 7-Eleven made a 24-hour store in Austin, Texas after an Austin store stayed open all night to serve customers. Later on, 24-hour stores were created in Fort Worth and Dallas, Texas, as well as Las Vegas, Nevada. In 1971, Southland bought convenience stores of the former Pak-A-Sak chain owned by Graham Allen Penniman, Sr. (1903–1985), of Shreveport, Louisiana.
In 1964, with the purchase of 126 Speedee Mart franchised convenience stores in California, the company entered the franchise business. The company signed its first area licensing agreement in 1968 with Garb-Ko, Inc. of Saginaw, Michigan. Garb-Ko became the first US local area 7-Eleven licensee.

In the late 1980s, Southland Corporation was threatened by plans for a corporate takeover. The Thompson family turned the company into a private model by buying out public shareholders in a tender offer. In December 1987, John Philp Thompson, the chairman and CEO of 7-Eleven, completed a $5.2 billion management buyout of the company. The buyout suffered from the effects of the 1987 stock market crash. The company had to offer stocks to get people to buy the company's bonds.
Many things, such as the Chief Auto Parts chain, the ice division, and hundreds of store locations, were sold between 1987 and 1990 to pay off loans that were taken out during the buyout. This also meant that, in many big cities, 7-Eleven stores were sold to other convenience stores. In October 1990, the Southland Corp., who owned money, filed a pre-packaged Chapter 11 bankruptcy to give control of 70% of the company to Japanese company Ito-Yokado.

Southland exited bankruptcy in March 1991, after Ito-Yokado and Seven-Eleven Japan gave them $430 million. These two Japanese companies now controlled 70% of the company. The Thompson family kept 5%. In 1999, Southland Corp. changed its name to 7-Eleven, Inc., because they sold every store other than 7-Eleven. Ito-Yokado formed Seven & I Holdings Co. and 7-Eleven became its branch in 2005. In 2007, Seven & I Holdings expanded its American operations, and made 1,000 more 7-Eleven stores in the United States.
For the 2010 rankings, 7-Eleven climbed to the Number 3 spot in Entrepreneur Magazine's 31st Annual Franchise 500, "the first and most comprehensive ranking in the world." This was the 17th year 7-Eleven was named in the top 10.

Also in 2010, the first "green" 7-Eleven store opened in DeLand, Florida. The store has U.S. Green Building Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) elements. Also, the environmentally-friendly design helps the store save money on energy costs. That same year, 7-Eleven went mobile with the launch of the known Slurpee drink's iPhone and Android Application (App). The Slurpee drink app made it easy to find 7-Eleven stores and gives driving directions. In 2011, 7-Eleven celebrated its 40,000th store opening and within two years of that goal opened its 60,000th store. In 2020, 7-Eleven bought Speedway for $21 billion.
Products and services 
7-Eleven in the United States sells Slurpee drinks, a partially frozen soft drink introduced in 1965, and Big Gulp drinks, made in 1976. Other products include: 7-Select private-brand products, coffee, sandwiches, salads, bakery items, hot and prepared foods, gasoline, dairy, carbonated beverages and energy drinks, juices, financial services and product delivery services.

Global

Asia

Mainland China

7-Eleven opened its first store in Mainland China in Shenzhen, Guangdong in 1992 and then later expanded to Beijing in 2004, Chengdu and Shanghai in 2011, Qingdao in 2012, and Chongqing in 2013. In Mainland China's 7-Eleven stores where Slurpees are offered, the Chinese name 思乐冰 (sīlèbīng) is used. They also offer a lot of warm food, with items like steamed buns, and stores in Chengdu offer a full variety of onigiri (饭团). Beverages, candy, and other convenience items are available as well. Most of these stores are open for 24 hours a day.

Hong Kong
Hong Kong

7-Eleven first opened in Hong Kong in 1981. It has operated in Hong Kong since 1989 under the ownership of Dairy Farm. With most locations being in areas with many people, about 40 percent are franchised stores. In September 2004, Dairy Farm acquired Daily Stop, a convenience-store chain located mainly in the territory's MTR stations, and then changed them to 7-Eleven stores. In 2009, Hong Kong has 950 7-Eleven stores and has the second-highest density of 7-Eleven stores after Macau, with one outlet per .

Indonesia
In 2008, 7-Eleven said they will start more business in Indonesia through a master franchise agreement with Modern Sevel Indonesia and Media Nusantara Citra. Modern Sevel Indonesia's original plans were to open stores in Jakarta first, especially in areas where there are many other commercial or business buildings. Other major cities, such as Bandung, Semarang, and Surabaya were listed as possible locations to go into. There were 190 7-Eleven stores in Indonesia  in 2014.

Japan
Japan

Japan has more 7-Eleven locations than anywhere else in the world, where they often have the title of its current holding company "Seven & I Holdings". Of the 58,389 stores around the globe, 18,249 stores (31 percent of global stores) are in Japan, with 2,246 stores in Tokyo alone. On September 1, 2005, Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd., a new holding company, became the owner of 7-Eleven, Ito Yokado, and Denny's Japan.

7-Eleven stores in Japan look different from stores in other countries as they offer a wider (more) selection of products and services. Following the example of other convenience stores in Japan, 7-Eleven has solar panels and LEDs installed in about 1,400 of its stores.

Macau
7-Eleven entered the Macau market in 2005 under the ownership of Dairy Farm, the same group operating Hong Kong's 7-Eleven. With only 25.9 square kilometers, Macau has 45 stores, making it the single market with the highest number of 7-Eleven stores, containing one store per 0.65 square kilometers.

Malaysia
Malaysia

Malaysian 7-Eleven stores are owned by 7-Eleven Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., which ran 1,855 stores nationwide (as of July 2015). 7-Eleven in Malaysia was incorporated on June 4, 1984, by the Berjaya Group Berhad. The first 7-Eleven store was opened in October 1984, in Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. It's popular in Sandakan and Kota Kinabalu because their prices are cheaper. In Sandakan the Slurpee beverage is popular among teen and kids.

Philippines

In the Philippines, 7-Eleven is run by the Philippine Seven Corporation (PSC). Its first store, in Quezon City, opened in 1984. In 2000, President Chain Store Corporation (PCSC) of Taiwan, also a license of 7-Eleven, bought most of the shares of PSC and created a plan to have all convience stores in the area be theirs. At the end of 2015, 7-Eleven stores totaled 1,602, up 25 percent from 1,282 stores in end-2014. A total of 1,391 7-Eleven stores are in Luzon, 178 in Visayas, and 33 in Mindanao.

Singapore
Singapore

In Singapore, 7-Eleven forms the largest group of convenience stores island-wide. There are currently 560 7-Eleven stores all over the country. Stores in Singapore are operated by Dairy Farm International Holdings, franchised under a licensing agreement with 7-Eleven Incorporated.

The first 7-Eleven stores were opened in 1983 with a franchise license under the Jardine Matheson Group. The license was then acquired by Cold Storage Singapore, a subsidiary of the Dairy Farm Group, in 1989.

7-Eleven stores in Singapore operate 24 hours a day, with the exception of stores in Biopolis, hospitals, MRT Stations, some shopping centres, ITE College West, Singapore Polytechnic, Republic Polytechnic, and Nanyang Technological University, which have shorter operating hours.

South Korea
South Korea

7-Eleven can be found in the Republic of Korea convenience store market in many places, where it competes with Ministop, GS25 (formerly LG25), FamilyMart, and independent competitors. There are 7,064 7-Eleven stores in the Republic of Korea; with only Japan, the United States, and Thailand hosting more stores. The first 7-Eleven store in the Republic of Korea opened in 1989 in Songpa-gu in Seoul with a franchise license under the Lotte Group. In January 2010, Lotte Group acquired the Buy the Way convenience store chain and rebranded its 1,000 stores under the 7-Eleven brand.

Taiwan

In Taiwan, 7-Eleven is the largest convenience store chain and is owned by President Chain Store Corporation under Uni-President Enterprises Corporation. The first store opened in 1979 and the 5,000th store was opened in July 2014.
Thailand
The first store opened in 1989 on Patpong Road in Bangkok. The franchise in Thailand is the CP ALL Public Company Limited, which in turn grants franchises to operators. There were 8,334 7-Eleven stores in Thailand in 2013. Half of them are in Bangkok. Thailand has the 2nd largest number of 7-Eleven stores after Japan .

The company plans to spend five billion Thai baht to expand its business. Two billion will be used to open 500 new outlets, one billion to make stores already around better, and the rest to develop a new center in the East.

United Arab Emirates
Seven & I Holdings announced in June 2014 that they had agreed a contract with Seven Emirates Investment LLC to open the first Middle Eastern 7-Eleven in Dubai, United Arab Emirates during the summer of 2015. The company also said that they had plans to open about 100 stores in the country by the end of 2017. The first store was opened in October 2015.
Europe
The first European 7-Eleven store was opened in Stockholm, Sweden in 1978. 7-Eleven was available in Spain until 2000 with many stores inside Repsol petrol stations, as well as some other petrol-stations across the country. 7-Eleven stores are now solely in the Scandinavian region of Europe.

The owner of the master franchise for 7-Eleven in Scandinavia is Reitan Servicehandel, an arm of the Norwegian retail group, Reitan Group. After Reitangruppen bought the filling station chain, HydroTexaco (now YX Energy), in Norway and Sweden in 2006, it announced that several of the stores at the petrol stations would be rebranded as 7-Elevens and that the petrol would be supplied by Shell. Other stores remain under the YX brand.

British Isles
During the 1980s, small 7-Eleven convenience stores were common in the larger towns and cities of the Southeastern UK. The company stopped trading operations in 1997, but considered starting UK trading in 2014.

Denmark
Denmark

The first 7-Eleven store in Denmark was opened at Østerbro in Copenhagen on September 14, 1993. There are currently 196 stores, mostly in Copenhagen, Aarhus, Aalborg, and Odense, including 8 stores at Copenhagen Central Station. In Denmark, 7-Eleven has an agreement with Shell, with a nationwide network of Shell/7-Eleven service stations, and an agreement with DSB to have 7-Eleven stores at most S-train stations.

Norway

The first 7-Eleven store in Norway was opened at Grünerløkka in Oslo on September 13, 1986. As of January 2012, there are 162 7-Eleven stores in Norway, more than 50% in Oslo. Norway has the northernmost 7-Eleven in the world, in Tromsø. On a per-capita basis, Norway has one 7–Eleven store for every 47,000 Norwegians, compared to Canada, which has one for every 74,000 Canadians.

Sweden
Sweden

Reitan Servicehandel Sverige has held the license in Sweden since December 1997. In the mid-1990s period, 7-Eleven in Sweden received adverse publicity due to the unfavourable labour contracts offered by its then-licensee, Small Shops, an American-based company, resulting in many stores being sold and closed down. For a time, there were only 7-Elevens in Stockholm and Gothenburg.

7-Eleven returned to the south of Sweden in 2001, when a convenience store opened in Lund. Later in the 2000s, the Swedish 7-Eleven chain was involved in controversy when the Swedish TV channel TV3 exposed widespread fraud on the part of Reitan Servicehandel in its management of the 7-Eleven franchise, which Reitan Servicehandel eventually admitted to on its website.
Turkey
7-Eleven entered the Turkish market in 1989, opening its first store on September 11. Major stakeholder of the master franchise, Özer Çiller sold his shares in 1993, after his wife Tansu Çiller became the Prime Minister. In the 2010s, 7-Eleven left the Turkish market, transferring most of its stores to franchise owners.

North America

Canada

The first 7-Eleven store to open in Canada was in Calgary, Alberta, on June 29, 1969. There are 604 7-Eleven stores in Canada in 2022. Winnipeg, Manitoba, has the world's largest number of Slurpee consumers, with an estimated 1,500,000 Slurpees sold since the first 7-Eleven opened on March 21, 1970. All 7-Eleven locations in Canada are corporate operated. Like its U.S. counterparts, every July 11 7-Eleven stores gives Slurpees for free on "7-Eleven Day".
Mexico
In Mexico, the first 7-Eleven store opened in 1971 in Monterrey in association with Grupo Chapa (now Iconn) and 7-Eleven, Inc. under the name Super 7. In 1995, Super 7 was renamed to 7-Eleven, which has 1,552 stores in several areas of the country. When stores are located within classically designed buildings (such as in Centro Histórico buildings) or important landmarks, the storefront logo is displayed in monochrome with gold or silver lettering. The main competitors in Mexico are OXXO (Femsa), Super City (Soriana), Farmacias Guadalajara and other local competitors.
United States
Supermarket News ranked 7-Eleven's North American operations Number 11 in the 2007 "Top 75 North American Food Retailers," based on the 2006 fiscal year estimated sales of US$15 billion. Based on the 2005 revenue, 7-Eleven is the twenty-fourth largest retailer in the United States. In 2022, 9,458 7-Eleven units were in the United States. Franchise fees range between US$10,000 – $1,000,000 and the ongoing royalty rate varies. 7-Eleven America has its headquarters in the One Arts Plaza building in Downtown Dallas, Texas. Small-size Slurpees are free on "7-Eleven Day", on July 11.

7-Eleven Stores of Oklahoma operate independently since 1953, they are under an agreement with William Brown, it is currently led by son James Brown.
Fuel
In the United States, many 7-Eleven locations used to have filling stations with gasoline distributed by Citgo, which in 1983 was purchased by Southland Corporation (50% of Citgo was subsequently sold in 1986 to Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A., with the remaining 50% acquired in 1990). Although Citgo was the predominant partner of 7-Eleven, other oil companies are also co-branded with 7-Eleven, including Fina, Exxon, Gulf, Marathon, BP, Shell, Chevron (some former TETCO convenience stores were co-branded with Chevron, and Texaco prior to the 7-Eleven purchase in late 2012), and Pennzoil. Alon USA is the largest 7-Eleven licensee in North America.

On September 27, 2006, 7-Eleven announced the impending cessation of its 20-year contract with Citgo and that the contract would not be renewed.

7-Eleven signed an agreement with ExxonMobil in December 2010 for the acquisition of 183 sites in Florida. This was followed by the acquisition of 51 ExxonMobil sites in North Texas in August 2011.
Other notable 7-Eleven fuel suppliers also include Star Fuels.

Oceania

Australia
The first 7-Eleven in Australia opened on August 24, 1977, in the Melbourne suburb of Oakleigh. The majority of stores are in metropolitan areas, particularly in central business district areas. Stores in suburban areas often operate as petrol stations and most are owned and operated as franchises, with a central administration. 7-Eleven bought out Mobil's remaining Australian petrol stations in 2010, converting them to 7-Eleven outlets, resulting in an immediate and unprecedented overnight major expansion of the brand.

7-Eleven stores in Australia sell a wide range of items, including daily newspapers, drinks, confectionery, and snack foods. They also sell gift cards, including three types of pre-paid VISA cards. The chain has also partnered with BankWest, placing a BankWest ATM in each of their stores nationwide. Each year on November 7, 7-Eleven promotes "7-Eleven Day" by giving away a free Slurpee to customers.
In April 2014, 7-Eleven announced plans to start operating stores in Western Australia, with 11 stores planned to operate within the first year and a total of 75 stores established within five years. The first store was opened on October 30, 2014 in the city of Fremantle.

Wage scandal
In August 2015, Fairfax Media and the ABC's Four Corners program found out about the employment rules of certain 7-Eleven stores in Australia.

They found out that many 7-Eleven employees were being paid from A$10 to A$14 per hour without adding tax, under the minimum of A$24.69 per hour.

They did this by having pay records that looked like they were paying them the rate, however these records would only show half of the hours that the employee worked in a week. Employees would then be paid on the basis of these records, resulting in them effectively being paid half of how much they worked.
It was also reported that workers were often not paid things that they legally have to be paid for, for working extra, night time, weekends, and holidays.

After everyone saw these reports, some employees told Fairfax Media that they were paid high amounts, however would then be asked by the store to give half of it back.

7-Eleven said they would pay to find out about wage fraud. A separate panel led by ACCC chairman Allan Fels would investigate the fraud, with the support of professional services firm Deloitte. The inquiry will invite submissions from current and former 7-Eleven employees who allege they have been underpaid, and assess each individual claim.

In September 2015, chairman Russ Withers and chief executive Warren Wilmon both announced they will stop working at the company. Deputy chairman Michael Smith replaced Withers, while Bob Baily temporarily replaced Wilmon.

References

Other websites

 
 7-Eleven global sites index
Fast food
Retail markets
1927 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Texas
1920s establishments in Texas
Busswil bei Büren was a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, the municipality of Busswil bei Büren merged into the municipality of Lyss.

Former municipalities in Seeland
Busswil bei Melchnau is a municipality of the administrative district Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Oberaargau
Pepper&Carrot is an open source webcomic series. Its author is the French artist David Revoy. The series consists of small episodes about teenage witch Pepper and her cat Carrot. The comic is translated into more than 28 different languages. The stories do not contain violence. That's because Revoy wants Pepper&Carrot to be accessible for everyone.

Revoy says he makes the series only with free software, such as Krita and Inkscape. You can download Krita source files for every image.

License
Anyone can use the images. They are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Revoy says he likes fanart and other works based on Pepper&Carrot.

List of episodes
Revoy aims to draw one episode every month.
Funding
Revoy wants to change the comic book industry by removing intermediate steps in the production process. Pepper&Carrot is free, but Revoy lets people support him on the Patreon crowdfunding platform. You can sign up to give a small amount of money per episode that he makes. Patreon takes 5% of the money. The credit card companies take another part. This is still less than a traditional comic production, where the publisher, distributors and retailers want money.

References

Webcomics
Champoz is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

Champoz is on the southern slope of Moron mountain.

References 

Municipalities in Jura bernois
Châtelat was a municipality in the administrative district Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Châtelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged to form the new municipality of Petit-Val.

Other websites

Former municipalities in Jura bernois
Berndt Arvid Freddie Wadling (August 2, 1951 – June 2, 2016) was a Swedish singer, actor and opera writer. He was born in Gothenburg. His 30-year musical career extended from punk to classical ballads. 

In the 1980s and 1990s, he was vocalist of the Swedish alternative pop/rock duo Blue for Two. The duo started in Gothenburg in 1984 with him on vocals.

After Two for Blue stopped performing by the end of the 1990s, Wadling developed a solo career. He released a great number of albums, and very notably the highly acclaimed En skiva till kaffet (1999) and Jag är monstret (2005). He also recorded songs by John Dowland with the Forge Players in 1998.

Wadling died on June 2, 2016 in Västra Frölunda, Sweden at the age of 64.

Other websites
 
 Swedish fansite: http://www.freddiewadling.net 
 Official MySpace: http://www.myspace.com/freddiewadling

1951 births
2016 deaths
Swedish movie actors
Swedish singers
Writers from Gothenburg
Actors from Gothenburg
Luis Jaime Salom Horrach (7 August 1991 – 3 June 2016) was a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He was born in Palma, Majorca. 

Salom won his first Grand Prix in Indianapolis in 2012, beating Sandro Cortese and Maverick Viñales in a last-lap fight. He also won at Aragon. He finished the championship in second behind Cortese.

Salom died on 3 June 2016 while racing in the 2016 Catalan Moto2 Grand Prix in Barcelona after crashing against a wall, aged 24.

References

Other websites
 Profile on motogp.com 
 

1991 births
2016 deaths
Deaths in sport
Spanish motorcycle racers
Göschenen (, ) is a village in the Swiss canton of Uri. It has an area of .

References

Other websites

 Official Website of Göschenen 
 

Municipalities of Uri
Villages in Switzerland
Gurtnellen is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Uri. It has an area of .

References

Other websites

 Official Website of the municipality of Gurtnellen 
 

Municipalities of Uri
A flat lens is a new technology . They are based on electromagnetic metasurfaces. They are ultrathin surfaces which can be coated to act like a lens. The idea has been widely reported as a major advance in imaging.

References 

Physics
Manufacturing
Materials science
The WWE Raw Women's Championship is a wrestling championship in WWE competed for by women of the Raw brand. It was created on April 3, 2016 at WrestleMania 32 and was originally called the WWE Women's Championship. However, this title does not share the title history of the original Women's Championship. It replaced the WWE Divas Championship as the women title in WWE.

History 

At WrestleMania 32 on April 3, 2016, Lita announced that a new WWE Women's Championship would be created. In the process, the Divas Championship would be retired. Later in the night, the Divas Champion Charlotte beat Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks to win the new Women's Championship.

The title shared its name with the original Women's Championship. However, the new title does not share the same title history as the original. The first Women's Championship was unified with the Divas Championship in 2010. As result, they combined their lineage and history.
In the draft that took place on July 19, 2016, Charlotte was drafted to Raw and the title was called "WWE Raw Women's Championship".

Reigns 

Last updated on October 26th, 2018.

Combined reigns 

Last updated on August 12th, 2023.

Related pages
WWE Divas Championship
WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)
WWE SmackDown Women's Championship
List of current champions in WWE

References

Other websites 
 Official Raw Women's Title History

World Wrestling Entertainment championships
Ashley Elizabeth Fliehr (born April 5, 1986) is an American professional wrestler. She works to WWE under the ring name Charlotte Flair. Charlotte is a former NXT Women's Champion, a former WWE Raw Women's Champion, a former WWE Smackdown Women’s Champion and the last Divas Champion. Fliehr is the daughter of former professional wrestler Ric Flair.

Titles and awards 
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Rookie of the Year (2014)
 PWI ranked  her 6 of the top 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2015
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Worst Feud of the Year (2015) Team PCB vs. Team B.A.D. vs. Team Bella
 WWE
 WWE Divas Championship (1 time; final)
 WWE Raw Women's Championship (4 times)
WWE NXT
 NXT Women's Championship (1 time)

References

Other websites 

 
 

1986 births
Female professional wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina
WWE wrestlers
Clavaleyres is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website  

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Corcelles is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Jura bernois
Adligenswil is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is east of the city of Lucerne and borders on canton Schwyz.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Adligenswil 

Municipalities in Lucerne-Land
Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the Salt March and was part of the Indian independence movement. It was a non-violent protest against the salt tax by the British government. The Indians were upset that the government increased the price of salt.

Mahatma Gandhi led the march. It started on March 12, 1930. It went from Sabarmati Ashram to the village of Dandi. Marchers took a handful of salt from the shore. They then announced that they had broken the law by making salt. This was a major but peaceful challenge against Britain's colony. This move enraged the British and they called for his arrest. 

The British then came to the beach and beat Gandhi and anyone with him, but the Indians didn't fight back. They stood there, to prove their point.

References

20th-century protests
Indian independence movement
1930
1930s in India
Saint Louis County (abbreviated St. Louis County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county by total area in Minnesota. It is the largest in the United States east of the Mississippi River.

Saint Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan statistical area. Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Surface mining of high-grade iron-ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range. Parts of the Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.

History
St. Louis County was created on March 3, 1855 by acts of the territorial legislature. It was named for the St. Louis River, the largest river entering Lake Superior. It is a major river flowing through the county. As of 1860 the population was only 406. By 1870 it was 4,561. According to the state census, by 1895 the population had grown to 78,575.