Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Second period (12th century) 
 Almería: 1145–47 (briefly to Castile and then to Almohads)
 Arcos: 1143 (to Almohads)
 Badajoz: 1145–50 (to Almohads)
 Beja and Évora: 1114–50 (to Almohads)
 Carmona: dates and destiny diffuse
 Constantina and Hornachuelos: dates and destiny diffuse
 Granada: 1145 (to Almohads?)
 Guadix and Baza: 1145–51 (to Murcia)
 Jaén: 1145–59 (Murcia); 1168 (to Almohads)
 Jerez: 1145 (to Almohads)
 Málaga: 1145–53 (to Almohads)
 Mértola: 1144–45 (to Badajoz)
 Murcia: 1145 (to Valencia); 1147–72 (to Almohads)
 Niebla: 1145–50? (to Almohads)
 Purchena: dates and destiny diffuse
 Ronda: 1145 (to Almoravids)
 Santarém: ?–1147 (to Portugal)
 Segura: 1147–? (destiny unknown)
 Silves: 1144–55 (to Almohads)
 Tavira: dates and destiny diffuse
 Tejada: 1145–50 (to Almohads)
 Valencia: 1145–72 (to Almohads)
Third period (13th century) 
 Arjona: 1232–44 (to Castile)
 Baeza: 1224–26 (to Castile)
 Denia: 1224–27 (to Almohads?)
 Lorca: 1240–65 (to Castile)
 Menorca: 1228–87 (to Aragon)
 Murcia: 1228–66 (to Castile)
 Niebla: 1234–62 (to Castile)
 Orihuela: 1239/40–49/50 (to Murcia or Castile)
 Valencia: 1228/29–38 (to Aragon)

Additionally, but not usually considered taifas, are:
 Granada: 1237-1492 (to Castile)
 Las Alpujarras: 1568–71 (to Spain)

Other websites 
 Chronology of the taifa kingdoms (in Spanish) 
 History of Spain: Disintegration of the Caliphate (1010–1260)

Al-Andalus
List of Nasrid Sultans of Granada 
 Muhammed I ibn Nasr (1238-1272)
 Muhammed II al-Faqih (1273-1302)
 Muhammed III (1302-1309)
 Nasr (1309-1314)
 Ismail I (1314-1325)
 Muhammed IV (1325-1333)
 Yusuf I (1333-1354)
 Muhammed V (1354-1359, 1362-1391)
 Ismail II (1359-1360)
 Muhammed VI (1360-1362)
 Yusuf II (1391-1392)
 Muhammed VII (1392-1408)
 Yusuf III (1408-1417)
 Muhammed VIII (1417-1419, 1427-1429)
 Muhammed IX (1419-1427, 1430-1431, 1432-1445, 1448-1453)
 Yusuf IV (1431-1432)
 Yusuf V (1445-1446, 1462)
 Muhammed X (1446-1448)
 Muhammed XI (1453-1454)
 Said (1454-1464)
 Abu l-Hasan Ali, known as Muley Hacén (1464-1482, 1483-1485)
 Abu 'abd Allah Muhammed XII, known as Boabdil (1482-1483, 1486-1492)
 Abū `Abd Allāh Muhammed XIII, known as El Zagal (1485-1486)

Genealogical chart

Related pages
 Al-Andalus
 Alhambra

References 
 William Montgomery Watt: A History of Islamic Spain, Edinburgh University Press, 1965
Other websites 
 Genealogy of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada 
 Genealogy of the muslim dynasties in Spain  

Al-Andalus
Royal dynasties
Under this dynasty the Western Islamic empire included present-day Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Gibraltar, Tlemcen (in Algeria) and a great part of what is now Senegal and Mali in the south, and Spain and Portugal to the north in Europe. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched 3,000 kilometres from Zaragoza in the north to Senegal in the south (an all-time latitude spanner until Spanish America). The Almoravids originated as a Sunni Islamic revivalist movement in present day northern Mauritania and gradually evolved into a military confederation. The Almoravids started to subjugate Senegal and then started expanding northwards. They first captured southern and central Morocco and then took Marrakesh and started to proclaim themselves as an Islamic caliphate. They gathered many soldiers from the Tuareg tribe of Berbers. They then completed the conquest of Morocco by conquering the northern tip of Morocco and reached Ceuta
. After conquering Morocco, they established their power base in Morocco rather than their original home, Mauritania. This was due to the isolation of Mauritania and the urbaneness of Morocco perfect for ruling empires. They then began to rule from Morocco after completing the conquest of the country and continued to further expand. Due to calls of help from the Andalusian taifas in Iberia, they expanded into Iberia and conquered the territory of the Islamic taifas there. After their conquest, they implemented Sharia law in all of their conquered territories. They proclaimed a jihad against the Christian Iberian kingdoms and met them at the Battle of Sagrajas where they decisively crushed the Christian army turning the tide of the Reconquista. The Almoravids veiled themselves below the eyes with a tagelmust, a custom they adapted from southern Sanhaja Berbers. (This can still be seen among the modern Tuareg people, but it was unusual further north
.) Although practical for the desert dust, the Almoravids insisted on wearing the veil everywhere, as a badge of "foreignness" in urban settings, partly as a way of emphasizing their nomadic origins. It served as the uniform of the Almoravids. They wore the veil covering their entire face with the exception of their eyes due to their nomadic desert Saharan origins. The empire reached its territorial extent under the reigns of Yusuf ibn Tashfin and Ali ibn Yusuf.
Rulers 
 Abdallah ibn Yasin (1040-1059)
 Yusuf ibn Tashfin (1061–1106)
 Ali ibn Yusuf (1106–42)
 Tashfin ibn Ali (1142–46)
 Ibrahim ibn Tashfin (1146)
 Ishaq ibn Ali (1146–1147)

Related pages
 History of Islam
 History of Spain

References 

 General History of Africa, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, Ed. M. Elfasi, Ch. 13 I.Hrbek and J.Devisse, The Almoravids (pp. 336–366), UNESCO, 1988

Other websites 
 Historical maps of Almoravid Dynasty Maps to be combined and compared
 Almoravids Dynasty Berber dynasty

Former empires
Former countries in Africa
Former countries in Europe
Royal dynasties
1040 establishments
12th-century disestablishments in Africa
12th-century disestablishments in Europe
11th-century establishments in Africa
11th-century establishments in Europe
1147 disestablishments
Yugoslavia national football team is the national football team of Yugoslavia.

References

European national football teams
Football in Yugoslavia
The Czechoslovakia national football team was the national football team of Czechoslovakia.

References

European national football teams
Sport in Czechoslovakia
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (Serbian alphabet: Вук Стефановић Караџић; November 7, 1787 – February 7, 1864) was a Serbian language mistakes fixer and pioneer. He first made Serbian language as the Serbian that people talk today. Vuk had largely changed Serbian language of that time, he collected folk songs from Serbian villagers and he was the author of the first Serbian dictionary. Vuk Karadžić is the most notable person of Serbian literature of the 19th century.

Sources 

1787 births
1864 deaths
Serbian scientists
Linguists
Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is a British actor, broadcaster, comedian, director and writer. He presents the television programme QI.

Fry was born in Hampstead, London and grew up in Norfolk. His maternal grandparents were Hungarian Jews. He is a Jewish atheist and is openly gay. He has been diagnosed with cyclothymia, a mild form of bipolar disorder. From 1995 to 2010, Fry had a relationship with Daniel Cohen. In January 2015, Fry married his partner, Elliot Spencer.

In February 2018, Fry announced via a video that he had an operation to treat prostate cancer and have 11 lymph nodes removed and was recovering from the surgery. He described the cancer as aggressive and said that early intervention had saved his life.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1957 births
Living people
Actors from Norfolk
Comedians from London
English atheists
English autobiographers
English journalists
English LGBT writers
English movie actors
English playwrights
English television actors
English television presenters
English television writers
English voice actors
European Jews
Jewish atheists
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT comedians
LGBT directors
LGBT journalists
LGBT playwrights
LGBT screenwriters
Movie directors from London
People from Hampstead
People with bipolar disorder
Screenwriters from London
Television personalities from Norfolk
Writers from Norfolk
Deposition might refer to:

 Deposition (law)
 Deposition (politics)

Science
 Deposition (chemistry), molecules settling out of a solution
 Deposition (geology), material such as sediment being added to a landform
 Deposition (phase transition), how a gas is transformed into a solid
 Deposition (aerosol physics), how aerosol particles set down onto surfaces
Soviet Union national football team was the national football team of Soviet Union. The team was left after the Soviet Union breakup in 1991. The team is now replaced by the Russia national football team.

References

European national football teams
Sport in the Soviet Union
East Germany national football team was the national football team of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) from 1952 to 1990. The East Germany team is now the Germany team.

Record

FIFA World Cup 

East Germany only qualified for one World Cup, and they only made it to round 2.

 1950 - Did not enter
 1954 - Did not enter
 1958 to 1970 - Did not qualify
 1974 - Round 2
 1978 to 1990 - Did not qualify

European Championship 

East Germany never qualified for a UEFA European Football Championship tournament.

 1960 to 1988 - Did not qualify
 1992 - Left to qualification round

References 

Football in Germany
European national football teams
Sport in East Germany
The Almohad Caliphate (From Arabic  al-Muwahhidun, i.e., "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians"), was a Sunni Muslim empire that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all of northern Africa as far as Libya, together with Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).

History
History 

Between 1130 and his death in 1163, Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi, a Berber from the Masmuda tribe, defeated the ruling Almoravids and became ruler over all northern Africa as far as Libya. He became Emir of Marrakech in 1149 and conquered Al-Andalus, Moorish Iberia. In 1170 the Almohads transferred their capital to Seville. But by 1212 Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated by an alliance of the four Christian princes of Castile, Aragón, Kingdom of Navarre and Portugal, at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena. The Almohads lost nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia soon after. The great Moorish cities of Córdoba and Seville fell into Christian possession in the first half of the 13th century. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa for some time, but they lost a lot of their territory. The last representative of the line, Idris II, had only Marrakech left. There he was murdered by a slave in 1269.

Muwahhadi (Almohad) Caliphs,1121–1269
Ibn Tumart 1121-1130
 Abd al-Mu'min 1130–1163
 Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I 1163–1184
 Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur 1184–1199
 Muhammad an-Nasir 1199–1213
 Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II 1213–1224
 Abd al-Wahid I 1224
 Abdallah al-Adil 1224–1227
 Yahya 1227–1235
 Idris I 1227–1232
 Abdul-Wahid II 1232–1242
 Ali 1242–1248
 Umar 1248–1266
 Idris II 1266–1269

Culture 
Sufi writers.
 Sidi Abu Madyan Choaïb ben al-Houssein al-Ansari (1126-1198)
 Ali ibn Harzihim (m.1164)
 Abi Mohammed Salih (1153-1234)
 Abu Abdallah ibn Harzihim (m.1235)
 Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili (1197-1258)
 Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi (b. 1185) historian and writer
 Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi (1204-1285)

Related pages
 History of Islam
 History of Spain
 Nasrid
 Reconquista

References 

 History of the Almonades, Reinhart Dozy, (second edition, 1881)
 Mica Enciclopedie de Istorie Universala, Marcel D. Popa, Horia C. Matei, (Bucharest, Editura Politica 1988)
Other websites 
 Historical maps of Almohad Dynasty Maps to be combined and compared
 Almohads Dynasty Berber dynasty

Former countries in Europe
Former countries in Africa
Almohad dynasty
Former empires
1121 establishments
1269 disestablishments
12th-century establishments in Europe
12th-century establishments in Africa
Disestablishments in Europe
Disestablishments in Africa
Halloumi also known as Hellim is a white cheese made out of goat's milk. It is not a hard or a soft cheese, and can be fried to a crispy coating. Halloumi cheese originated in the island of Cyprus.

References

Cheeses
Middle Eastern foods
Du Fu (; 712-770 AD) was a Chinese realistic poet. He was also called Zi Mei. Du Fu is often regarded, along with Li Bai and Wang Wei, as one of the three greatest poets in China's literary history. He has been called Poet-Historian and the Poet-Sage by Chinese critics. Today we know about 1,400 of his poems. His poetry describes human suffering that he had witnessed throughout his life. It also reflected on the troubled times during the Tang Dynasty. In 755 he was forced to flee his home and was separated from his family for a year.

Footnotes

References 
 Chou, Eva Shan; (1995). Reconsidering Tu Fu: Literary Greatness and Cultural Context. Cambridge University Press. .
 Hung, William; (1952). Tu Fu: China's Greatest Poet. Harvard University Press. .

712 births
770 deaths
Chinese poets
People from Henan
In mathematics, a base or radix is the number of different digits or combination of digits and letters that a system of counting uses to represent numbers. For example, the most common base used today is the decimal system. Because "dec" means 10, it uses the 10 digits from 0 to 9. Most people think that we most often use base 10 because we have 10 fingers.

A base is usually a whole number bigger than 1, although non-integer bases are also mathematically possible. The base of a number may be written next to the number: for instance,  means 23 in base 8 (which is equal to 19 in base 10).
In computers
Different bases are often used in computers. Binary (base 2) is used because at the most simple level, computers can only deal with 0s and 1s. Hexadecimal (base 16) is used because of how computers group binary digits together. Every four binary digits turn into one hexadecimal digit when changing between them. Because there are more than 10 digits in hexadecimal, the six digits after 9 are shown as A, B, C, D, E, and F.

Measurement 
The oldest systems of counting used base one.  Making marks on a wall, using one mark for each item counted is an example of unary counting. Some old systems of measurement use the duodecimal radix (base twelve) since 12 is 2x6. This is shown in English, as there are words such as dozen (12) and gross (144 = 12×12), and lengths such as feet (12 inches). Angle measurement often uses a system adapted from the Babylonian numerals with base 60.
Writing bases 
When typing a base, the small number indicating the base is usually in base ten. This is because if the radix were written in its own base, it would always be "10," so there would be no way of knowing what base it was supposed to be in.

Numbers in different bases
Here are some examples of how some numbers are written in different bases, compared to decimals:

Mathematics
Numbering systems
The Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis) is a Cnidarian invertebrate. It lives in the sea. It is sometimes called the blue bubble, or man-of-war. Its common name comes from a Portuguese war ship of the 15th and 16th century. The ship had triangular sails, similar in shape to the bladder of the man o' war.

The Portuguese Man o' War has a reputation for swarming in groups of thousands. It is also known for its powerful sting.

Structure 
Physalia is not a single animal: it is a siphonophore. This is a colony of four kinds of zooids. Zooids are very small, highly modified individuals. These zooids are specialized polyps and medusoids. Though structurally similar to other cnidarians, the zooids do not live by themselves: they are attached to each other. Each type of zooid does not have some structure and functions. It depends for survival on the others doing what it cannot do by itself.
A similar group of animals are the chondrophores. They are specialized hydroids, which also float at the surface of the open ocean.

Predators 
The loggerhead turtle feeds on the Portuguese man o' war. It is a common part of the turtle's diet. The skin of the turtle is too thick for the man o' war's sting to enter and launch its venom. The sea slug Glaucus atlanticus and the violet snail Janthina janthina also feed on the Portuguese man o' war. The blanket octopus Tremoctopus is immune to the venom of the Portuguese man o' war. The blanket octopus has been known to rip off the man o' war's tentacles and use them for defensive purposes.
Commensalism and symbiosis 
The Portuguese man o' war is often found with many different kinds of marine fish. Some of them are shepherd fish, clown fish, and yellow jack. These species are rarely found anywhere else. The clown fish can swim among the tentacles without being stung. This is possibly due to its mucus that does not trigger the nematocysts. The shepherd fish seems to avoid the larger, stinging tentacles. It feeds on the smaller tentacles under the gas bladder. These fish benefit from the shelter of the stinging tentacles. It also helps the man o' war: the presence of these species may attract other fish to feed on.

References 

Cnidarians
Sleep apnea (or Sleep apnoea) is a problem certain people have: When they sleep, they may stop breathing for short periods. These periods can last for 10 seconds or more. 3-4 breaths are missed. As a result of this, those affected are often tired during the day. Mainly because such people also tend to have microsleep, they should not drive vehicles. Sleep apnea is a treatable disease. 

Sleep apnea occurs when the muscles in the back of the throat relax too much to allow normal breathing. These muscles support structures including the back of the roof of the mouth (soft palate), the triangular piece of tissue hanging from the soft palate (uvula), the tonsils, and the tongue.

When the muscles relax, the airway narrows or closes when breathe in, hampering the breathing for 10 seconds or longer. This can lower the level of oxygen in the blood and cause a buildup of carbon dioxide.
Signs and symptoms
Loud snoring
Lowering of concentration
Morning headache
Difficulty concentrating during the day
Mood changes, such as depression or irritability
High blood pressure
Decreased libido
Observed episodes of stopped breathing during sleep
Abrupt awakenings accompanied by gasping or choking
Awakening with a dry mouth or sore throat

Finding out if someone has sleep apnea
People can ask their partner or family member if they are breathing strangely when they are sleeping.

Treatment

In case the patient is obese, losing weight improves sleep apnea.
Fixing the environment where they sleep
Continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)
Expiratory positive airway pressure(EPAP)
Circular breathing technique (It makes muscle of the upper airway stronger, so airway remains opening when sleeping. Playing didgeridoo is good for learning this technique.
Complication
Diseases which may complicate sleep apnea are: obesity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia, arrhythmia, polyemia, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes etc.

Sleep apnea is a risk factor of arteriosclerotic disease.

Effects
Intolerable sleepiness of daytime 
Depression
Less concentration 
Loud snoring 
Night frequent urination 
Headache when waking up 
When there are no house mates, it may take time to discover this condition. When especially subjective symptoms are weak, the state will get worse gradually and it will start a serious problem.

Other websites
JOURNAL about sleep apnea

References

Sleep disorders
Breathing problems
Microsleep is a very short sleep that occurs when people are awake. It can last from under a second to about 30 seconds. It may happen as a result of sleep deprivation, fatigue, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or hypersomnia.  Microsleeps can occur at any time. Most of the time, they do so without warning. When people have a microsleep during conversation, they may lose track of the subject that was talked about. 

Microsleep can be extremely dangerous in situations when people drive a car, work on a machine or otherwise need to stay alert.  People with  microsleeps usually are not aware of them. They instead believe that they were awake all the time.  One example is called "gap driving":  a person is driving a car and suddenly realizes that several seconds have passed by unnoticed.  The driver does not feel that she or he has been asleep during those missing seconds, although this is in fact what happened.  The sleeping driver is at very high risk for having an accident during microsleep.
Many accidents and catastrophes have resulted from microsleep episodes in these circumstances.  For example, a microsleep episode is claimed to have been one factor contributing to the Waterfall train disaster in 2003; the driver had a heart attack and the guard who should have reacted to the train's increasing speed is said by his defender to have microslept.

References

Sleep

sv:Sömn#Mikrosömn
Ajaz Anwar is a Pakistani painter. He was born in 1946. He has a PhD. He is currently a professor at the National College of Fine Arts in Lahore. He paints in watercolour. Many of his paintings feature Lahore.

He received the president’s Pride of Performance award in 1997.

References

Pakistani painters
1946 births
Living people
Lilo Pelekai (first name  LEE-lo, last name Peh-leh-kai) is one of the two characters of the Disney animated movie Lilo & Stitch, its sequels, and the animated series. Lilo  (literally, "lost" in Hawaiian, and also in Mandarin). Lilo is a young Hawaiian girl who lives on the island of Kauai with her older sister Nani and her new family of alien visitors that live on Earth.

References 

Animated human characters
Disney characters
Fictional characters introduced in 2002
Lilo & Stitch
Thyreophora are the armoured dinosaurs: the name means 'shield-bearer'. It is a suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. 

They are divided into these groups:
Various early herbivores which could be quadrupedal or bipedal. Examples: the lightly armoured: Scutellosaurus, and Scelidosaurus.
 Ankylosauria
Ankylosaurids: armoured from their head to their club-ended tail.
Nodosaurids: no tail club but spikes and bony bumps on body.
 Stegosauria
Huayangosaurids: an early group from Middle Jurassic of China.
Stegosaurids: small heads and vertical plates and spines on body and tail. Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous.

References
The knobbed whelk (Busycon carica) is a gastropod mollusc which is protected by a thick, hard shell. It is large predatory sea snail, or whelk. 

This mollusc is found in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of North America from Massachusetts to northern Florida.

This whelk has a spiral shell with knobs (or spines) along its shoulder. The shell is up to 9.5 inches (24 cm) long. The shell is light gray to tan, and often has brown and white streaks.

On the shallow-water mud flats whelks prey on oysters, clams, and other marine bivalves. They wedge the bivalve open using the edge of their shell. Then they squeeze in their  radula. This is a rough tongue-like organ that has thousands of tiny denticles (tooth-like protrusions).

Gastropods
Shasta County is a county in northern California, United States. It is in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. As of 2020, 182,155 people live there. The county seat, as well as the biggest city, is Redding. One major attraction in the county is Shasta Dam and Shasta Lake, one of the biggest dams in the state of California.

References

Other websites
County of Shasta Website

1850 establishments in California
Tehama County is one of the counties of the U.S. state of California. It is just south of Shasta County, in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. The county is 2,962 square miles (7,672 square kilometers) in size.  Its county seat is Red Bluff.

Other websites
Tehama County official website 

 
1856 establishments in California
Glenn County is a county found in the Central Valley, in north California, which is a state in the United States.

As of 2020, the county had a population of 28,917. The county seat is the city of Willows.

References

 
1891 establishments in California
Wells Fargo Plaza is a skyscraper in Houston, United States.  It is 302 meters (992 feet) tall. It has 71 floors.  It was built in 1983. It is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the United States
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Sources

Other websites
 Official Website - Wells Fargo Plaza
 Emporis.com - Wells Fargo Plaza
 SkycraperPage.com – Wells Fargo Plaza

Buildings and structures in Houston
Skyscrapers in the United States
1983 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Texas
Comcast Center is a skyscraper in Philadelphia, United States.  It is 297 meters (974 feet) tall and has 82 floors.  It was built in 1999 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the United States
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites
 Emporis.com - Comcast Center
 SkycraperPage.com – Comcast Center

Skyscrapers in the United States
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia
HCJB (Heralding Christ Jesus' Blessings) is a Christian shortwave radio station in Quito, Ecuador. It has been broadcasting on shortwave for more than 75 years and now also has television, satellite and Internet programs.

References

Other websites
http://www.hcjb.org/

Radio stations
Quito
Media studies is an academic area of study about mass media and its history and effects. It mostly focuses on newspapers, radio, television, and internet. Media studies take some ideas from other areas of study, such as humanities and the social sciences.

Most production and journalism courses use media studies content, but academic institutions such as universities often start separate departments. Media studies students may see themselves as observers of media, not creators or practitioners. These distinctions are different depending on the country where students live.

The development of media studies was sparked by the growth of new media in the post-Second World War period. A typical source was Marshall McLuhan's Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. This book set out to connect changes in media with changes in society. His most famour phrase was "The medium is the message".

References

Other websites 

 Media Studies. Discuss - BBC News, 18 August 2005.
!
Humanities
Social sciences
Interdisciplinary fields
Yosemite National Park is a national park in the state of California, U.S.A.. Created on 1 October 1890, it was the second national park, after Yellowstone. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  Yosemite covers 1,189 square miles (3,081 square kilometers) on the Sierra Nevada.

Over 3.5 million people visit the park each year. Despite the park's great size, most people spend time in Yosemite Valley, one of the most beautiful places in the park. Almost 95 percent of the park is wilderness. Yosemite has many waterfalls. The most famous of these is the world-famous Yosemite Falls, which at  tall, is one of the tallest waterfalls in the world.

In the northern area of the park lies the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, a debated dam project. The reservoir floods.  Many people supporting environmentalism are trying to get the dam removed.

The eighth major operating system of OS X by Apple Inc. is named after the Yosemite National Park, called OS X Yosemite.

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages 
List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

References

Other websites

1890 establishments in California
National parks in the United States
World Heritage Sites in the United States
Wilderness Areas of the United States
Geography of California
Madera County, California
Mariposa County, California
Tuolumne County, California
A cliff is a vertical or very steep natural wall of rock. 

Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers. Cliffs are usually formed by rock that is resistant to erosion and weathering. Sedimentary rocks most likely to form cliffs include sandstone, limestone, chalk, and dolomite. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt also often form cliffs. An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff, formed by the movement of a geologic fault, or a landslide. Cliffs are known for forming major geographical features such as waterfalls.

The tallest cliff in the solar system may be Verona Rupes, an approximately 20 km (12 mile) high cliff on Miranda, a moon of the planet Uranus. 

The Ordnance Survey distinguishes between cliffs (continuous line along the top edge with projections down the face) and outcrops (continuous lines along lower edge).

Major cliffs

Asia
Above Sea
The Cliff of Kurosakitakao, Mikurajima, Tokyo prefecture, Japan 480 m above Pacific Ocean
Above Land
 Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, 4600 m
 Great Trango Towers, Baltoro Muztagh, Northern Areas, Pakistan, 1340 m
 Uli Biaho Towers, Baltoro Glacier, Northern Areas, Pakistan
 Baintha Brakk (The Ogre), Panmah Muztagh, Northern Areas, Pakistan
 The Latok Group, Panmah Muztagh, Northern Areas, Pakistan
 Various cliffs in the Ak-Su Valley of Kyrgyzstan cliffs are high and steep.
 Masada, Israel, Dead Sea
Europe
Above Sea
Hornelen, Norway, 860 m above Frøysjøen
Cape Enniberg, Faroe Islands, 750 m above North Atlantic
Croaghaun, Achill Island, Ireland, 668 m above Atlantic Ocean
Vixía Herbeira, Northern Galicia, Spain, 621 m above Atlantic Ocean
Preikestolen, Norway, 604 m above Lysefjorden
Slieve League, Ireland, 601 m above Atlantic Ocean
Cabo Girão, Madeira, 589 m above Atlantic Ocean
Conachair, St Kilda, Scotland 427 m above Atlantic Ocean 
Cap Canaille, France, 416 m above Mediterranean Sea is the highest sea cliff in France
St John's Head (Hoy Orkney Islands Scotland) at 335 m is the  most vertical sea cliff in the UK 
Hangman cliffs, Devon, 318 m above Bristol Channel is the highest sea cliff in England
 White Cliffs of Dover, above the English Channel
Above land
Troll Wall, Norway 1100 m above base
Mięguszowiecki Szczyt north face rises to 1043 m above Morskie Oko lake level, High Tatras, Poland
Kjerag, Norway 984 m
Mały Kieżmarski Szczyt (north face), Tatra Mountains, Slovakia about 900 m denivelation (vertical rise)
Giewont (north face), Tatra Mountains, Poland, 852 m above Polana Strążyska glade
Kazalnica Mięguszowiecka, Tatra Mountains, Poland, 576 m above the Czarny Staw pod Rysami
The six great north faces of the Alps (Cima Grande di Lavaredo, Eiger, Grandes Jorasses, Matterhorn, Petit Dru and Piz Badile)
North America
 Mount Thor, Baffin Island, Canada; 1,370 m (4,500 ft) total; top 480 m (1,600 ft) is overhanging. This is commonly regarded as being the largest purely vertical drop on Earth at 1,250 m (4,100 ft). 
 The sheer north face of Polar Sun Spire, in the Sam Ford fjord of Baffin Island, has been reported as exceeding Mount Thor's west face in height. 
 Ketil's west face in Tasermiut, Greenland (also known as God's Thumbnail), has been reported as 1,400 – 1,450 m high, but there are arguments.
Other notable cliffs include:
 Mount Asgard, Baffin Island, Canada; vertical drop of about 1,200 m (4,000 ft).
 A variety of other cliffs measured at approximately 1,000 m (3,280 ft) in height can be found along the Sam Ford fjord in Baffin Island, such as Walker Citadel, Kiguti Peak and Great Sail Peak, whilst there are others in Querbitter Fjord, and in Tasermiut, Greenland.
 El Capitan, Yosemite Valley, Sierra Nevada, California, United States; about 900 m (3,000 ft) high
 Northwest Face of Half Dome, near El Capitan; 1,340 m (4,400 ft) total, vertical portion about 610 m (2,000 ft)
 Painted Wall in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, Colorado, United States; 685 m (2,250 ft)
 The west face of Notch Peak in southwestern Utah, United States; a limestone cliff of about 670 m (2,200 ft)
 All faces of Devil's Tower, Wyoming, United States
 Various faces of Shiprock, New Mexico, United States
 The North Face of North Twin Peak, Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada
All walls of the Stawamus Chief, Squamish, British Columbia, Canada
 Calvert Cliffs along the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland
 Mt Siyeh Glacier National Park North Face 4200 ft sheer cliff
South America

 Autana Tepui, Venezuela, stands 1,300 m above the forest floor.
 Auyan Tepui, Venezuela, about 1000 m  (location of Angel Falls) (the falls are 979 m, the highest in the world)
 Pared de Gocta, Peru, 771 m
 Fortaleza canyon, Aparados da Serra National Park, Brazil, about 720 m
 Pedra Azul, Pedra Azul State Park, Espirito Santo, Brazil, 540 m
 Pão de Açúcar/Sugar Loaf, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 395 m
 All faces of Cerro Torre, Patagonia, Chile-Argentina
 All faces of Cerro Chalten (Fitz Roy), Patagonia, Argentina-Chile
 Various faces of the Torres del Paine group, Patagonia, Chile
Africa
Above Sea
Kogelberg, Western Cape, South Africa, 1289 m above False Bay, Atlantic Ocean
Table Mountain, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 1086 m above Atlantic Ocean
Twelve Apostles, Cape Town, South Africa. A series of 17 precipitous peaks (all sharp cliff faces) ranging from ca 700 m to 1067 m above the Atlantic Ocean 
Risco de Faneque, Gran Canaria-Canary Islands, Spain, 1027 m above Atlantic Ocean
Guguy's Cliffs, Gran Canaria-Canary Islands, Spain, 725 m above Atlantic Ocean
La Mérica, La Gomera-Canary Islands, Spain, 711 m above Atlantic Ocean
Andén Verde, Gran Canaria-Canary Islands, Spain, 690 m above Atlantic Ocean
Karbonkelberg, Western Cape, South Africa, 653 m above Hout Bay, Atlantic Ocean
La Peña's Cliffs, El Hierro-Canary Islands, Spain, 652 m above Atlantic Ocean
Los Gigantes, Tenerife-Canary Islands, Spain, 637 m above Atlantic Ocean

Oceania
Above Sea
 Kalaupapa, Hawaii, 1010 m above Pacific Ocean

References

Footnotes

Landforms
Hurricane Bonnie was a strong Atlantic tropical cyclone in late August 1998. The storm was a major hurricane with winds near .

Bonnie made landfall near Wilmington and Cape Fear, North Carolina as a strong Category 2 hurricane early on August 27. The storm also caused damage in southeastern Virginia.

The storm killed five people, two directly.

Damage from the storm was near $1 billion.

References

Hurricanes in the United States
1998 in the United States
August events
1990s in North Carolina
20th century in Virginia
1990s in weather
Tropical Storm Frances caused extensive flooding in Mexico and Texas in September 1998. The sixth tropical cyclone and sixth named storm of the annual hurricane season, Frances developed from a low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico on September 8



1990s in weather
Natural disasters in North America
Hurricane Georges caused much damage and many deaths in on the norther Caribbean islands and the Gulf Coast of the United States. Even though it was very strong, caused a lot of damage and many deaths, it was not the strongest, costliest, or deadliest of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season, that would be Hurricane Mitch later on. Hurricane Georges crossed some islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and  Cuba, before it made landfall in Mississippi. Georges killed 604 people and caused $5.9 billion in damage, much of it from high winds and severe flooding.  

Hurricanes in the United States
1998 in Florida
20th century in Puerto Rico
1990s in the Dominican Republic
20th century in Haiti
20th century in Cuba
20th century in Mississippi
1990s in Alabama
20th century in Louisiana
Retired tropical cyclone names
1990s in weather
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricane Mitch was the most powerful storm of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Mitch was one of the most powerful storm ever recorded in the Atlantic Ocean. Mitch was the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane because it killed 11,000-18,000 in Central America and Mexico, it is second only to the Great Hurricane of 1780. Mitch also caused over $5 billion in damage. Because the damage and deaths were very high, the name Mitch was retired and will never be used for a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean again. It was in 1998 and hit Florida, Central America,  and the Yucatán Peninsula.

Meteorologic history
On October 10 a tropical wave moved off of Africa. It stayed as a tropical wave because the conditions in Atlantic wasn't good enough for it to become a tropical depression or tropical storm. The tropical wave became Tropical Depression Thirteen on October 22, because conditions became better. On October 23 Tropical Depression Thirteen strengthened and became Tropical Storm Mitch. Tropical Storm Mitch made a small loop after becoming a tropical storm and then turned north. 

Tropical Storm Mitch strengthened and became Hurricane Mitch on October 24. Hurricane Mitch then turned west. Mitch strengthened very fast and on October 26 Mitch reached its top winds. Its top winds were are 180 mph making it a category 5. Mitch stayed as a category 5 turned south.
Mitch started weakening on October 27 and by October 29 Mitch was only a category 1. On October 29 Hurricane Mitch made landfall in Honduras, with the winds at 80 mph. Mitch quickly weakened into a tropical storm. Tropical Storm Mitch moved very slowly and almost froze over Honduras. Tropical Storm Mitch weakened into a tropical depression as it entered Guatemala. 

As Tropical Depression Mitch entered Mexico it became a remnant low and was not a tropical depression anymore. The remains entered the Bay of Campeche and became Tropical Storm Mitch again on November 3. Mitch moved northeast and made landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula. Mitch weakened into a tropical depression over the Yucatán Peninsula. Once Tropical Depression Mitch reached the Gulf of Mexico it became Tropical Storm Mitch. Tropical Storm Mitch continued northeast and made landfall in Naples, Florida on November 5 as a tropical storm with the winds at 65 mph.
After Tropical Storm Mitch crossed Florida it became extratropical and was no longer a tropical storm. The remains were last seen on November 9 north of Great Britain.

Impact 

Many countries of the in Central American Region had record amounts of rainfall.

Honduras
The worst affects from the hurricane were seen in Honduras, where Mitch caused 7,000 deaths and $3.8 billion in damage. In Honduras rainfall could have been up to 75 inches. Crops in Honduras were impacted very badly, Mitch destroyed, 58% of the corn output, 24% of sorghum, 14% of rice, and 6% of the bean crop. Mitch also destroyed 85% of banana, 60% of sugar cane, 29% of melons, 28% of African palms, and 18% of coffee. Just the crop damage from Hurricane Mitch in Honduras was at $900 million.
Nicaragua
Also in Nicaragua rainfall may have been up to 50 inches. The rains stopped a volcano in Nicaragua, instead the volcano caused a mudslide. The mudslide covered an area 10 miles long and 5 miles wide. Hurricane Mitch left between 500,000 and 800,000 people homeless. Damaged in Nicaragua totaled to $1 billion and at least 3,800 were killed in Nicaragua.

Florida
In the U.S. only Florida was affected. In Florida, Mitch destroyed buildings in the Keys that were damaged by Hurricane Georges. Mitch killed 2 people and left $40 million in damage.
Hurricane Mitch caused rain all the way down to Panama, where the hurricane killed 3 people.  Offshore in the Caribbean Sea the hurricane sunk a boat causing 31 people to drown. In Costa Rica Hurricane Mitch caused about 4,000 people to become homeless. Hurricane Mitch caused mudslides that affected nearly 800 miles of road. Hurricane Mitch left $92 million  in damage and killed 7 people.  In El Salvador the flooding from Mitch destroyed 37% of the bean production, 19% of the corn production, and 20% losses in sugar canes. Hurricane Mitch also killed 10,000 cattle. In El Salvador the damage from Mitch was at $400 million and 240 people were killed.  In Guatemala Hurricane Mitch caused 6,000 houses to be destroyed and damaged 20,000 others. Damage just the banana and coffee exports were at $325 million. Mitch caused a plane to crash leaving 11 people to get killed indirectly, Mitch also caused 268 people to get killed directly. Damages left from Mitch in Guatemala was at $748 million
.  In Belize Mitch caused some crop damage and damage many roads. Damage in Belize was not as bad as it could have been. Mitch killed 11 in Belize, but no one knows the damage it caused.
Retirement

Because of the deaths and damage the name Mitch was removed and retired. Meaning, the name will not be used again to name a storm in the Atlantic Ocean. In 2004 the name Matthew was used instead. The name Matthew will be used again in 2010 because it was not retired.

References

1998 in Florida
1990s in Mexico
Deadly storms
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in Mexico
Hurricanes in the United States
History of Belize
20th century in Costa Rica
History of El Salvador
History of Honduras
20th century in Jamaica
20th century in Nicaragua
20th century in Panama
Retired tropical cyclone names
1990s in weather
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (December 1, 1896 – June 18, 1974) was a Soviet general during World War II. He first became famous for stopping a Japanese invasion in Mongolia. During Operation Barbarossa, he arrived in Moscow with his army in just enough time to defend the city.

Later in the war he led Soviet forces to victory at the  Battle of Stalingrad and Kursk, broke the Siege of Leningrad, destroyed the German center in the 1944 summer offensive called Operation Bagration, invaded Germany and led the Battle of Berlin.

He was 4 times Hero of the Soviet Union and had many more medals. After Stalin died he became Minister of Defense.

Other websites
Georgy Zhukov - Encyc 

1896 births
1974 deaths
Military personnel of World War I
Russian military people
Soviet generals
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet politicians
Marshals of the Soviet Union
Miacis is a small extinct carnivore of the family Miacidae. They were small mammals which lived in forests and climbed trees, and ate small prey. They had the ancestral mammalian number of 44 teeth. In later members the number of teeth began to be reduced. 

Miacis  had brains that were relatively larger than those of the creodonts. The larger brain size compared to body size suggests their behaviour was becoming more flexible, and possibly more intelligent.

Miacids are either early members of the order Carnivora or in a larger group called the Carnivoramorpha. They may not be monophyletic. One professional opinion is that most Miacis species belong to the ancestors of the modern order, the crown-group Carnivora.

The miacids lived 50 to 60 million years ago and were small omnivorous predators. According to one source, it preyed on smaller animals, such as small mammals, reptiles, and birds, and might have also have eaten eggs and fruits.
Some experts think it is a paraphyletic taxon. In other words, they think the name Miacis covers a number of different species.

References 

Fossils
Carnivora
Butte County is a county in the state of California. It is in the United States. The county borders Tehama County to the north and Glenn County to the west. It is in the north part of the Central Valley of California. Butte County was founded in 1850.

Its county seat is Oroville, and its biggest city is Chico. The county has a land area of 1,677 square miles (4,343 square kilometers), 38 square miles (98 square kilometers) of which is water. The Sacramento River flows along it in a north-south direction and the Feather River flows through it in an east-west direction. The Sierra Nevada mountains rise above the county on the east side.

California State Route 32, California State Route 70, and California State Route 99 run through the county. Airports in the county include Chico Municipal Airport, Oroville Municipal Airport, Paradise Airport, Ranchaero Airport and Richvale Airport.

Other websites 
 Butte County Official Website

 
1850 establishments in California
State Route 99 (commonly known as Old Highway 99 or just 99) is a state highway in California, in the United States. It is about  long, running from north to south in the Central Valley. It is parallel with Interstate 5. It begins at Interstate 5 near Wheeler Ridge, and continues north through the major cities of Bakersfield, Fresno, Chowchilla, Modesto, Stockon, Sacramento, Chico, and Red Bluff. Most of it is freeway, but some of it is still the historic rural two-lane road or a four-lane highway.

References

 California Highways: Route 99

Roads in California
Central Valley of California
1929 establishments in California
Pierce Brendan Brosnan  (born 16 May 1953) is an Irish-American actor. Brosnan holds both Irish and American citizenship. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth. He used to play the part of James Bond. He played the roles of Mr. Brunner and Chiron in Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, Stu Dunmeyer in Mrs. Doubtfire, and was in Mamma Mia!. In 2022, Brosnan played Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate in the DC Extended Universe film Black Adam.

References

Other websites 

1953 births
Living people
Actors who played James Bond
American environmentalists
American movie actors
American movie producers
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Honorary Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from County Louth
Daniel Wroughton Craig (born 2 March 1968) is an English television and movie actor and movie producer. He was born in Chester, Cheshire, England. He is the latest actor to play James Bond. Craig also plays Detective Benoit Blanc in Knives Out (2019) and its sequel (2022).

Craig is married to actress Rachel Weisz.   He has a daughter Ella by his first wife, Fiona Loudon.  In 2006 he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

On 12 June 2008, Craig sliced the top of one of his fingers off while filming Quantum of Solace. 

In September 2015, Craig donated $47,000 to the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders.

Filmography

Movies and television

Video games

References

1968 births
Living people
Actors from Cheshire
Actors who played James Bond
English movie actors
English movie producers
English television actors
English voice actors
People from Chester
Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is what happens to a dilute gas when it is made very cold, near absolute zero (0 K which equals −273.15 °C or −459.67 °F). It forms when the particles that make it up have very low energy. Only bosons can make a Bose–Einstein condensate. The gas has an extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air.

A Bose–Einstein condensate is a change of state. When matter is in the BEC state it has zero viscosity. Superfluidity and  superconductivity are both closely connected with the BEC state of matter.
Theory 
Particles have energy. They can have a lot of energy and bounce wildly like in gases; have less energy and flow like a liquid; or have even less energy like a solid. If you take enough of the particle's energy away you get to the tiniest or the smallest amount of energy possible. This is a Bose–Einstein condensate. This makes all of the particles exactly the same and instead of bouncing around randomly in all different directions, they all bounce up and down in exactly the same way, forming something called a 'giant matter wave'.

History 
The Bose-Einstein Condensate was first suggested by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Seventy years later, its existence was proved. Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman made the first Bose–Einstein condensate in 1995 at the University of Colorado. Cornell, Wieman,and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT were then given the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Experiments 
Usually, to get anything cold enough to make a Bose–Einstein condensate you must first trap the boson using magnets, then, by bouncing lasers off them, take all of their energy away (Laser cooling). But, this still doesn't get it cold enough. Some of the particles will still be bouncing around a lot, and only some will be lying down as needed, so the magnetic field is slowly lowered bit by bit, to let the faster bouncing particles out. This leaves the coldest and slowest atoms inside.

References 

Quantum mechanics
States of matter
Coatbridge is a town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland.

Today the town is a working class town near to Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland. The town has also been described as "uniquely populated largely by people of Irish descent", meaning that there are many people from Irish families.

References 

Towns in North Lanarkshire
Formia is a city of the province of Latina, near Lazio (Italy).

Twin towns
 Ferrara, Italy
 Fleury-les-Aubrais, France, since 2004 
 Gracanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Haninge, Sweden
 Santeramo in Colle, Italy

References 

Cities in Lazio
Province of Latina