Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Peach appears most often as the damsel-in-distress – always being kidnapped by Bowser.  Mario must always rescue her.  In Super Princess Peach (2006), the tables are turned and Bowser kidnaps Mario instead.  Peach must then rescue Mario.

Peach has been voiced by two different actresses.  The first was Leslie Swan.  The second was Jen Taylor.
Playable appearances 
 Super Mario Bros. 2—1988
 Mario Teaches Typing—1992
 Super Mario Kart—1992
 Super Mario All-Stars—1993
 Mario's Early Years: Fun with Letters—1994
 Mario's Early Years: Fun with Numbers—1994
 Mario's Early Years: Pre-School—1994
 Mario's Tennis—1995
 Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars—1996
 Mario Kart 64—1996
 Mario Teaches Typing 2—1997
 Mario Party—1998
 Mario Golf—1999
 Mario Party 2—1999
 Mario Tennis—2000
 Paper Mario—2000
 Mario Party 3—2000
 Super Mario Advance—2001
 Mario Kart Super Circuit—2001
 Super Smash Bros. Melee—2001
 Mario Party 4—2002
 Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour—2003
 Mario Party 5—2004
 Mario Kart: Double Dash!!—2003
 Mario Power Tennis—2004
 Mario Party 6—2004
 Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door—2004
 Mario Party Advance—2005
 SSX On Tour—2005
 Mario Superstar Baseball—2005
 Mario Party 7—2005
 Mario Kart DS—2005
 Mario Tennis: Power Tour—2005
 NBA Street V3—2005
 Super Mario Strikers—2006
 Super Princess Peach—2006
 Mario Hoops 3-on-3—2006
Super Paper Mario—2007
 Yoshi's Island DS—2006
 Mario Strikers Charged—2007
 Mario Party 8—2007
 Itadaki Street DS—2007
 Super Smash Bros. Brawl - 2007
 Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games - 2007
 Mario Kart Wii - 2008
 Mario Super Sluggers - 2008
 Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games - 2009
 Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games - 2011
 Mario Kart 7 - 2011
 Fortune Street - 2011
 Mario Party 9 - 2012
 Mario Tennis Open - 2012
 Mario Kart Arcade GP DX - 2013
 Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games - 2013
 Super Mario 3D World - 2013
 Mario Party: Island Tour - 2013
 Mario Golf: World Tour - 2014
 Mario Kart 8 - 2014
 Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U - 2014
 Mario Party 10 - 2015
 Mario Tennis: Ultra Smash - 2015
Fictional characters introduced in 1985
Mario series characters
Fictional princesses
Princess Daisy (sometimes called Daisy) is a character from the Mario video games series. She is the Princess of Sarasaland.  Princess Daisy is the second major female of the Mario series next to Princess Peach.

Characteristics 

Is tomboyish and cheerful.
Has bouncy orange-colored hair.
Has blue eyes.
Likes the colors orange, yellow and green.
Wears dresses, but also likes to wear other types of clothing.
Aggressive in both Mario Kart and Mario Strikers games.
Is best friends with Princess Peach.
 Uses English accents and slang.
 Does air kisses after winning.
 After removing the void underneath her dress in Smash Bros Ultimate, it’s revealed that her underwear is yellow.
 Has a rivalry with Blaze the Cat from the Sonic franchise.
Playable appearances 
 Mario Tennis (2000)                     
 Mario Party 3 (2000)                     
 Mario Party 4 (2002)
 Mario Party-e (2003)
 Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour (2003)
 Mario Kart: Double Dash!! (2003)
 Mario Party 5 (2003)
 Super Mario Fushigi no Korokoro Party (2004) (Japan only)
 Mario Power Tennis (2004)
 Mario Party 6 (2004)
 Yakuman DS (2005) (Japan only)
 Mario Superstar Baseball (2005)
 Super Mario Fushigi no Korokoro Party 2 (2005) (Japan only)
 Mario Party 7 (2005)
 Mario Kart DS (2005)
 Super Mario Strikers (2005)
 Mario Hoops 3-on-3 (2006)
 Wi-Fi Taiō Yakuman DS (2006) (Japan only)
 Mario Strikers Charged (2007)
 Mario Party 8 (2007)
 Itadaki Street DS  (2007) (Japan only)
 Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games (2007)
 Mario Party DS (2007)
 Mario Kart Wii (2008)
 Mario Super Sluggers (2008)
 Mario Party Fushigi no Korokoro Catcher (2009) (Japan only)
 Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games (2009)
 Mario Sports Mix (2010)
 Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games (2011)
Mario Kart 7 (2011)
 Fortune Street (2011)
 Mario Party 9 (2012)
 Mario Party Whirling Carnival (2012) (Japan only)
 Mario Tennis Open (2012)
 Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games (2013)
 Mario Party: Island Tour (2013)
 Mario Golf: World Tour (2014)
 Mario Kart 8 (2014)
 Mario Party 10 (2015)
 Mario Tennis: Ultra Smash (2015)
Appearances 

In her first appearance, Daisy had pale skin, long, orange hair, a red crown and a white pattern on her dress. Her appearance in the NES Open Tournament Golf. is more or less the same, aside from her hair now being more of an auburn color. In later games, such as Mario Tennis and Mario Party 3, her appearance was changed, giving her a rounder face, a slightly darker skin tone, and a daisy-motif for her accessories, with flower jewels appearing on her crown, earrings and brooch. The daisy-motif has stuck ever since, though it should be noted that the daisy-motif was seen in her concept art for Super Mario Land.
In Mario Party 4, Daisy's character design was altered yet again, giving her shorter hair, a new dress design, and once again a paler skin tone. Nowadays, Daisy no longer has pale skin. Instead it is now more of a pink tone. Princess Daisy and Princess Peach also have different gloves; while Peach's gloves end at around mid-triceps, Daisy's gloves end at the wrists. Daisy looks equal in height to Peach, though she may appear shorter in some games. In her early game appearances, Daisy wore a red crown, and during some of the Nintendo 64 games she wore a pink crown. Nowadays she wears a gold one, the same as Peach. 

In most of her game appearances, Daisy has worn a yellow and/or orange color scheme, usually in the form of a collared dress, with white and orange accents, meant to match that of Peach's pink-themed fashion just as Luigi's outfit does to Mario's.
In Mario sports titles, Daisy and Peach are the only two characters to always wear different outfits from their regular ones. She is usually depicted in her orange underwear with a yellow shirt and daisy accessories and her pants down which are called white socks. In Super Mario Strikers, Daisy wears a two-piece outfit. In Mario Hoops 3-on-3, Daisy normally appears in her usual sports outfit but has a second unlockable costume. In Mario Strikers Charged, she pretty much looks the same as in Super Mario Strikers, but she has cover herself up with armor plating along with other characters, leaving a quarter of her leg and her belly exposed.

Movies 
Princess Daisy appears as one of the main characters in the Super Mario Bros. film. She is played by Samantha Mathis.
Mario's younger brother Luigi (John Leguizamo) falls in love archaeologist Daisy. She is kidnapped by the Koopa Cousins, Iggy and Spike, and taken to the another dimension called Dinohattan, a land where dinosaurs evolved to become the main species. Dinohattan is ruled by Koopa (Dennis Hopper), who took over Daisy's father by transforming him into a fungus using a de-evolution gun. Daisy had a piece of meteorite that could be used to merge Dinohattan and Manhattan so Koopa could take over the human world. 

After the Mario Bros. defeat Koopa, Daisy stays behind in Dinohattan to help her restored father. The movie ends with Daisy showing up at Mario and Luigi's apartment to alert them that there is a problem, apparently setting up a never-made sequel.

Fictional characters introduced in 1989
Mario series characters
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP) was proposed in 1984 to test a substance's acute oral toxicity using fewer animals with less suffering than the older LD50 test which was developed in 1927.

FDP uses 10-20 animals to find the dose that produces toxicity signs but not death, and from there predicts the lethal dose. LD50 ("lethal dose 50%") uses 60-80 animals to find a dose that kills 50% of animals in a given time. FDP sometimes needs retesting using slightly higher or lower doses.

Other websites 
Department of Applied Statistics, University of Reading, UK.

Toxicology
Tentacle rape or shokushu goukan (触手強姦) is illustrated pornography involving the rape of (often quite young) women. This animation is different from other animation methods due to use of tentacles to portray the rape. This was done to get around Japanese censorship laws that made it illegal to portray male genitalia being used for sexual penetration. Since tentacles are technically not genitals, they do not need to be censored.

Anime
Pornography
Neapolitan means "from the city of Naples in Italy".  It is an adjective.
Neapolitan can mean:

 Someone who lives in Naples or comes from Naples
 Neapolitan language, the language spoken in the former territory of Kingdom of two siclies"
 Neapolitan ice cream, a mixture of chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry ice cream side-by-side in the same container
 Neapolitan chord, in music, is a special chord in music.  An example would be (from bottom note upwards): D flat-F-B if followed by C-E-(G)-C
 Neapolitan Mastiff, a big breed of dog
 Neapolitan piastra, an old currency (money) which used to be used in south Italy
 Neapolitan sauce, a kind of tomato-based sauce used in Italian cooking.

es:Napolitano
Bel canto is a way of singing in opera.  It comes from the Italian, meaning "beautiful singing".  

Bel canto singing means singing beautifully, flexibly and smoothly, delivering high and low notes in a similar style so that all the notes of a singer's range sound even from top to bottom.  Bel canto singing started when opera began in the 1600s, but the term "bel canto" is normally used for operas written in the early 19th century.  The operas of Rossini, Bellini and Donizetti need bel canto singing. The term "bel canto" was not used at the time.  People only started talking about "bel canto" in the mid-to-late 19th century, when a lot of new operas by composers such as Richard Wagner appeared. These new operas had to have singers with big, dramatic voices if they were to sound good.
Bel canto-style operas came back into fashion in the 1950s, having been out of favour for the previous 50 or 60 years. Today, some of the most popular operas are bel canto ones. Famous bel canto singers of recent times include the sopranos Maria Callas, Joan Sutherland, Montserrat Caballé, Beverly Sills and the tenors Francisco Araiza, Juan Diego Florez, Alfredo Kraus, Luciano Pavarotti. 

Mathilde Marchesi was a famous 19th-century bel canto teacher.

Opera terminology
Richard Wagner (1813–1883) was a German composer.

Wagner may also refer to:
People 
 Wagner (surname), including a list of people
 Wagner (given name), a list of people
 Wágner, a given name and surname, including a list of people
Wagner (singer), Brazilian singer and participant in The X Factor Wagner Fiuza-Carrilho
Wágner (footballer, born 1945), Brazilian football manager and former midfielder Wágner Canotilho
Wagner (footballer, born 1966), Brazilian football forward Antonio Wagner de Moraes
Wágner (footballer, born 1973), Brazilian football striker Wágner Pires de Almeida
Wagner (footballer, born 1978), Brazilian football manager and former attacking midfielder Wagner Santos Lago
Wágner (footballer, born 1985), Brazilian football attacking midfielder Wágner Ferreira dos Santos
Wágner (footballer, born 1987), Brazilian football forward Wágner de Andrade Borges
Wágner (footballer, born 1989), Brazilian football centre-back Wágner Luiz Fogolari
Wagner (footballer, born 1991), Brazilian football attacking midfielder Wagner Ricardo Silva da Silva

Places
Places

United States
 Wagner (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 Wagner, Montana, an unincorporated village
 Wagner, South Dakota, a city
 Wagner, Wisconsin, a town
 Wagner Township, Clayton County, Iowa
 Wagner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
 Wagner Lake, a lake in Minnesota

Canada
 Wagner, Alberta, a hamlet

Outer space
 Wagner (crater), on the planet Mercury
 3992 Wagner, a main-belt asteroid

Fictional characters
 Wagner, in Christopher Marlowe's play Doctor Faustus, Goethe's Faust and Gounod's opera Faust
 Wagner, a shaman in the video game Fire Emblem: Fūin no Tsurugi
 Wagner, a dragon in the video game Odin Sphere
 Wagner, a pig in the Finnish comic strip Viivi & Wagner
 Kurt Wagner, a.k.a. Nightcrawler (comics), a character in the Marvel universe

Business
 Nestlé Wagner, a frozen pizza brand
 Wagner Manufacturing Company, an cookware and metal products maker (1891–1952)
 Wagner Motorcycle Company, an American manufacturer (1901–1914)
Military
 Wagner Group, a Russian paramilitary organisation
 , a destroyer escort

Schools
 Wagner College, a private liberal arts college on Staten Island, New York City
 Wagner Seahawks, the athletic program of Wagner College
 Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University
 Karen Wagner High School, a high school in San Antonio, Texas
 W.P. Wagner High School, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Other uses
 Wagner (mini-series), a 1983 television series about Richard Wagner

See also

 Wagner Act, common name for the National Labor Relations Act, a 1935 U.S. labor law
 Wagner's disease, familial eye disease of the connective tissue in the eye that causes blindness
 Wagner's law, an economic theory of development
 Vagner
High school boy Seiji Sawamura is really quite a nice guy, but he's got a bad reputation and the nickname Mad Dog, earned by copious street fighting, often in pursuit of justice. His right hook is so deadly that it's got its own nickname-The Devil's Right Hand. Other students avoid him and he can not get a girlfriend. In fact, 20 girls have turned him down. But unknown to him, he has had a secret admirer for the past three years-quiet goody-two-shoes Midori Kasugano, who is so paralyzed by her shyness that she could not possibly tell him how she feels. Then, in the tradition of Minami's Sweetheart (*DE) and The Eternity You Desire, Midori falls into a coma, while Seiji finds that instead of a right hand, he now has a living glove puppet-compare to Puppet Master Sakon. A tiny, living and speaking Midori is attached to the end of his arm and reveling in his undivided attention
. The situation is awkward and embarrassing but the pair find they really do like each other, even when things are switched for an episode and Seiji becomes Midori's left hand. The result is a very silly show that still manages to convey how paralyzing shyness can be and how enforced intimacy can reveal unsuspected aspects of a person's character. Based on the manga by Kazuro Inoue in Shonen Sunday, itself a surreal cartoon version of the perennial surrogate parenting and reluctant roommates genres of live-action Japanese television
References 

Anime
Matter is the substance of which all material is made. That means objects which have mass. More specifically, they must have rest mass, which is a form of energy that matter has even when it is not moving (it has no kinetic energy), is extremely cold (it has no thermal energy), etc. Matter is a word that is sometimes used in varying ways in everyday life, whereas mass is a well-defined concept and quantity at least in physics. They are not the same thing, though they are related.

Ordinary matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. The atoms have spaces between them and they move or vibrate all the time. The particles move faster and move further apart when heated, and the reverse when cooled.
Baryonic matter 
Nearly all matter that may be experienced in everyday life is baryonic matter. This includes atoms of any sort, and gives those the property of mass. Non-baryonic matter, as implied by the name, is any sort of matter that is not composed mainly of baryons. This might include neutrinos and free electrons, dark matter, such as supersymmetric particles, axions, and black holes.

The very existence of baryons is a significant issue in cosmology. It is assumed that the Big Bang produced a state with equal amounts of baryons and antibaryons. How baryons came to outnumber their antiparticles is called baryogenesis.

Properties of matter 
Matter can be directly experienced through the senses. It has properties which can be measured, such as mass, volume, density, and qualitative properties such as taste, smell and colour, for instance.
Examples of matter 
All physical bodies in the universe are made of matter: galaxies, stars and planets, rocks, water and air. Living organisms like plants, animals and humans are also composed of matter.

In physics, the universe also contains things that aren't matter, including some elementary particles that have no rest mass.  Photons (electromagnetic radiation such as light) are a familiar example.

In addition to its rest mass, matter can contain other forms of energy, which aren't matter but allow them to interact with each other by exchanging kinetic energy,  heat, light, sound waves, etc.

Outside of the physical sciences, there can be many other things that aren't matter or energy.  Just for example, emotions can be experienced or ideas can be had.
Composition 
The structure and composition of matter is investigated by breaking matter into smaller and smaller pieces. Hence, living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are composed of molecules, which are sets of atoms bonded together. Each atom, in turn, is an assemblage of elementary particles.
States of matter 
Physicists also classify matter in a few broad categories, called states, with quite different properties:
 Solids are material objects made up of molecules and atoms so strongly bonded together that they tend to keep their shape even when moved around, though they can deform under stress. Examples: a rock, a table, a knife, a block of ice.
 Fluids are amounts of matter composed of molecules and atoms weakly bonded together. They do not have a proper shape. There are two types of fluids:
 Liquids include condensed forms of matter, like solids, but where the bonds between the constituting elements (molecules, atoms) allow them to move with respect to each other while continuing to stick together in bulk: they maintain a definite surface. Liquids adopt the shape of the recipients in which they are contained. Examples: water, oil, blood, lava, soft drinks.
Gases are amounts of matter where the bonds between the constituting elements (molecules, atoms) are so loose or weak that they can move independently from each other. Gases do not exhibit a proper surface, they tend to expand to occupy the whole volume available. Examples: air, water vapor, helium.
 Plasmas are made of ionized matter, they are mostly of interest to scientists. Examples: the Earth's ionosphere, the Sun's corona. The particles in a plasma are a mixture between a liquid and a gas. The particles are free to move, like a liquid, and the attraction is weak, like a gas. This state of matter is not fully understood. An example of plasma can be found in lightning.
A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very near absolute zero (0 K or −273.15 °C)
A given amount of matter may change from one state to another depending on its temperature and pressure. On Earth, water can exist simultaneously in three states: solid (ice), liquid water (lakes, oceans) and gas (vapor or steam).

Related pages 
Antimatter
Atomic theory
Atom

Notes
Innocence is the opposite of guilt.
The adjective is innocent (the opposite of 'guilty').

If someone is innocent of a crime it means that they did not do it.
If someone is accused of a crime, they have to go to court. The court will decide whether they are guilty or not guilty (innocent). People must be treated as innocent unless (or until) they are found guilty.

'Innocence' and 'innocent' can also be used in a slightly different way. Children are often described as 'innocent' meaning that they think the world is all good and do not yet know about the bad things in life. People talk about living in a 'state of innocence' i.e. children or people with simple minds who have not yet learned that some people are evil. In Christian cultures this sometimes meant that children did not know about sex.

Trials
Virtues
Guilt can mean several things:

 Guilt (emotion), when a person feels that they have done something wrong
 Guilt (law), when a court decides that someone has broken the law
 Culpability, the extent to which a person can be held responsible for something
A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music which has a story attached to it or describes something such as poem or a painting or any idea which is not music.  A symphonic poem is a kind of programme music (music for instruments which has an idea outside music).

Symphonic poems were mostly written in the 19th century at the time known as the  Romantic period.  They are normally in one movement lasting perhaps between 10 and 20 minutes.  Some of the longest ones, such as Ein Heldenleben by Richard Strauss are much longer, like a symphony with four movements which run into one another.
 
The idea can be seen in Beethoven’s overtures which tell the story of the opera or play which is about to be performed.  Composers such as Felix Mendelssohn then started to write overtures which told a story but were not attached to any opera. Fingal's Cave (1832) describes the sea lapping against the rocks of a cave in the Scottish Hebrides.
Franz Liszt was the composer who made the symphonic poem an important musical form.  He wrote twelve works which he called Symphonische Dichtung (Symphonic poem) because the music developed in the same way as in a symphony.  One example is Mazeppa (1851) which describes the poem by Victor Hugo about a wild horse that carries a man tied to him until he is rescued by the Ukrainians and made into their chief.

Other composers who wrote symphonic poems include Sergei Rachmaninoff, Modest Mussorgsky, Camille Saint-Saëns, Claude Debussy, Jean Sibelius, Bedřich Smetana, Antonín Dvořák, Pyotr Tchaikovsky and César Franck.

The opening of Richard Strauss’s  tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra (1895-1896) has become particularly famous in recent years through its use in the movie  2001: A Space Odyssey.

Musical forms
A melody in music is a group of notes of various pitches (how high or low a note sounds) which are played one after another. Together they make a tune in the same way that a group of words make a sentence.  Some people like to sing melodies.  Melodies have rhythm (the length of the notes). 

In music, 'melody' contrasts with 'harmony'.  Harmony means notes which are played at the same time, like chords.  Composers often think of a melody and then add harmony to it. 

Some music has more than one melody happening at the same time.  When this happens throughout the whole piece, it is called polyphonic music. Rounds and fugues are types of polyphonic music. If the other melody only happens sometimes, then the second melody is called a countermelody.

The adjective of melody is melodic. There is also the adjective melodious which means: 'a sweet-sounding melody'.  

Music that does not have an obvious melody may be hard to understand (unless it is focused on rhythm, such as a drum solo).
Many melodies are easy to sing, while others are difficult to sing. Still other melodies are impossible to sing. Those melodies can still be played on musical instruments. 

Music theory
Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, investor and co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc. He was the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Pixar Animation Studios until it was bought by The Walt Disney Company. He was the largest shareholder at Disney and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.  
He was seen as a leading figure in both the computer and entertainment industries. In August 2011, Jobs resigned, and was appointed Chairman of Apple. He served in that position until he died, at the age of 56, on October 5, 2011 from complications of pancreatitis related to type 1 diabetes and metastatic insulinoma. Steve Jobs had type 1 diabetes as a child and had problems with insulin when he died.

Biography

Early Life and education
Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California, U.S., Steve Jobs' mother, Joanne Schieble was American of German and Swiss descent; his father, Abdulfattah "John" Jandali was a Syrian. They wanted Steve to be adopted by college graduates, that was not the case. He was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs who promised Steve would go to college. Jobs went to Reed College for a semester and then dropped out. He spent 18 more months dropping in on more creative classes. He also took part in ballet as a child.

Founding of Apple Inc. 

Jobs was a Silicon Valley businessman. He was most famous for his work with the company Apple Computer Inc, The company started with the release of the Apple I in 1976.

Together with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Jobs helped make the idea of the personal computer popular in the late 1970s. In the early 1980s, while still at Apple, Jobs was one of the first people to see the potential of using a mouse to control things on a computer screen.

Out of Apple
Out of Apple 

In 1985, Jobs and the other people at Apple had differences of opinion about what the company should focus on. This lead to Apple's Board of Directors firing Jobs from his position with the company. He then started NeXT, a computer platform development company. It dealt with higher education and business markets.

In 1986, Jobs  bought the computer animation studio Pixar from movie director George Lucas. Jobs sold Pixar to Disney in 2006. He also became a member of the Disney board of directors. Pixar went on to make many largely successful movies. These included Toy Story (1995), Monsters, Inc. (2001) and Cars (2006). Jobs made more money with Pixar than he did while he was with Apple in the 1970s and 1980s.

Return to Apple, introduction of new products and retirement
Apple's 1997 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded. He worked as the Chief Executive Officer of Apple and was paid $1 million (£600,000) per year. He concentrated on making the company profitable again. He cancelled a few unprofitable projects. Jobs was a force behind the creation of the iPod, released in 2001; the iPhone, released in 2007; and the iPad, released in 2010.

Jobs retired as CEO of Apple on August 24, 2011 because of health problems. He suggested Tim Cook as his successor. Jobs continued as the chairman of the Apple Inc.'s Board of Directors.

Personal life 

Jobs had health problems for the last few years of his life. He had a liver transplant. He died of cardiac arrest caused by pancreatitis and related to type 1 diabetes in 2011 at his home in Palo Alto, California. He was worth $8.3 billion (£5.1 billion) when he died.
He had four children. He had two daughters, Erin Siena Jobs and Eve Jobs, and a son, Reed Paul Jobs, with his wife, Laurene Powell. He also had a daughter Lisa Brennan Jobs while in a previous relationship with Chrisann Brennan.

He was a Democrat and a supporter of Barack Obama, even though, as the owner of a multinational corporation, he took many views of business-friendly Republicans. Jobs also once said that he voted for Ronald Reagan.

Legacy 

Steve Jobs left a mark on the tech industry by  co-founding Apple and shaping products like the iPhone and MacBook. His legacy is one of innovation, design excellence, and a never ending pursuit of pushing boundaries. However, historians often engage in debates about Steve Jobs' legacy. While many applaud his role in revolutionizing technology and popularizing products like the iPhone, others criticize aspects of his leadership style and business practices. It's a nuanced discussion with perspectives on innovation, corporate culture, and ethics.
in Popular Culture 
He has been played by American actor Ashton Kutcher in the 2013 biopic movie Jobs and by German-born Irish actor Michael Fassbender in the 2015 movie Steve Jobs.

Related pages 
 Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft
 Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook
 Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon

References

Other websites 

YouTube video of first Jobs' Macworld keynote in 1997, when he returned to Apple, where he announced partnership with Microsoft.
 YouTube video of Jobs' commencement address at Stanford University, June 12, 2005.
 Steve Jobs at NNDB

Interviews 
Rolling Stone, Steve Jobs: The Rolling Stone Interview—December 3, 2003
BusinessWeek, The Seed of Apple's Innovation—October 12, 2004
 Fortune, How Big Can Apple Get?—February 21, 2005
‘Good for the Soul’—Newsweek, October 15, 2006
American adoptees
American Buddhists
American chief executives
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from respiratory arrest
American company founders
Businesspeople from San Francisco
American billionaires
Cancer deaths in California
Democrats (United States)
Disney people
Organ transplant recipients
Pixar
 
1955 births
2011 deaths
The Apostolic Palace, also called the Papal Palace or the Palace of the Vatican, is the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City.

The palace is a complex of buildings, with the Papal Apartment, the Catholic Church's government offices, a handful of chapels, the Vatican Museum and the Vatican library. In all there are over 1,000 rooms with the most famous including the Sistine Chapel and its renowned ceiling frescoes painted by Michelangelo (restored between 1980 and 1990) and Raphael's Rooms.

The other papal residences are at the Lateran Palace and the Castel Gandolfo outside Rome.

Before 1871, the Quirinal Palace was the Pope's official residence. After the final overthrow of the Papal States in 1870, the King of Italy confiscated that palace in 1871, making it the king's official residence; after the abolition of the Italian monarchy in 1946, it became the President of the Italian Republic's residence.
Related pages
 Borgia Apartment
 Clementine Hall
 Domus Sanctae Marthae
 Papal Gentlemen
 Papal Apartment
 Sistine Chapel
 Raphael Rooms

Buildings and structures in Vatican City
Palaces in Europe
A G-string or thong is a narrow piece of cloth or leather, or plastic that passes between the buttocks. It  is attached to a band around the hips. It can be worn as a swimwear or  underwear by both men and women. The difference between a G-string and a thong is that a G-string has less material between the legs. This makes it look like a string. Variants of the thong or G-string include the "V-string" and the "T-string".

Origin of the G-string 
The G-string or thong is probably the earliest form of clothing known to mankind. It originated in the warmer climates of sub-Saharan Africa where clothing was first worn almost 75,000 years ago. Many tribal peoples, like some of the Khoisan people of southern Africa, wore thongs for many centuries. These early pieces of clothes were made to fit the male genitalia.
The G-string was first developed for men by primitive peoples. However, in modern days, Western thongs are usually worn by females. They first became popular in South America in the 1970s. In Brazil, it was originally a style of swimsuit that had a rear area that became so narrow, that it would disappear between the buttocks.

The origin of the term "G-string" is not fully known. The term was first written about by Americans in the late 1800s. They described the loincloth of Philippine natives. Others say the term came from the G-string on an instrument. The origin of the word "thong" is from the Old English thwong, which is a flexible leather cord.

In other languages
In Lithuania, the G-string is often called stringai or siaurikės.

In Portugal and Brazil, the G-string is often referred called fio dental. This means "dental floss".

In Italy, the G-string is called perizoma.

In Turkey, the G-string is called ipli külot (ipli means "stringed" and külot means "underpants").
In French, German and Dutch, the G-string is usually called "string", a loanword from English.

In Puerto Rico, a Spanish slang term often used for G-string is gistro. This is most commonly used by Reggaeton artists to refer to the underwear style.

In Argentina and Chile, G-string is widely known as colaless. In those countries, cola means buttocks. Colaless means "buttocks-less".

In the Japanese language and in Cantonese, the G-string is widely known as T-back. This is because of its shape when seen from behind. The word is sometimes confused with "tea bag". The term T-back is also commonly used in the Philippines. However, there are also several usages of the term "T-back" in English as well. These include Children's literature author E.L. Konigsburg's T-backs, T-shirts, Coat and Suit. In other kinds of the Chinese language, the G-string is commonly called dingziku (丁字裤). It means "character pants".
In Czech, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian and Spanish the G-string is often called tanga. In Finnish, the plural stringit, "strings", is used, as they are pants, not a "pant".

In Polish the G-string is usually called stringi, which is a pluralized loanword from English (literally: "strings").

In Australia, only the term G-string is used. Thongs are a type of rubber footwear.

In Hebrew, the G-string is called a hutini, a blend word of the Hebrew word hut (meaning "string") and bikini.

References

Underwear
Bottoms (clothing)

Swimwear
Staple may mean:
 Staple (fastener), a small piece of metal used to hold sheets of material or wires together
 Staple food, a food that is the basic part of a diet. This meaning is often used to cover other areas besides food (A rollercoaster is a theme park staple).
 Staple (textiles) is the raw material, or its length and quality, of fibre from which textiles are made. It is the material in its standard form as a traded commodity.
 The Staple Singers, a United States gospel, soul, and R&B singing group.
 Staple (band), a Christian post-hardcore band.
 STAPLE!, a convention for creators of comics, minicomics, and other independent media
Places
 A staple port was one in which trade in specified goods was regulated. The term is a medieval one. Normally the king licensed a particular group of merchants to trade in the commodity, in an area such as his kingdom and their trading had to be done in the staple town or port.
 The staple was the staple port where wool exports were traded. From 1363 to 1558, this was at Calais.
 Staple, Nord (pronunciation: stohpl) is a commune in the Nord département of France. This is the name in its Flemish form.
 Étaples, Pas-de-Calais, is another place in which the word appears but in its French form.
 Staple, Kent is a village in Kent, England near Sandwich.
A real or complex number is called a transcendental number if it cannot be found as a result of an algebraic equation with integer coefficients.

Proving that a certain number is transcendental can be very hard. Each transcendental number is also an irrational number. The first people to see that there were transcendental numbers were Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Leonhard Euler. The first to actually prove there were transcendental numbers was Joseph Liouville. He did this in 1844.

Well known transcendental numbers:
 e
 π
 ea for algebraic a ≠ 0

References 

 David Hilbert, "Über die Transcendenz der Zahlen  und ", Mathematische Annalen 43:216–219 (1893).
 Alan Baker, Transcendental Number Theory, Cambridge University Press, 1975, .

Other websites 

 Proof that  is transcendental (PDF)  (German)
 Proof that  is transcendental (PDF)  (German)

Transcendental numbers
Number theory
Thong may refer to:

G-string, an item of underwear or swimwear
Thong sandal or "flip-flop", a type of sandal held to the foot by a thin strap
Thong, Kent, an English village
a Vietnamese name, Thông
a common Laotian surname, and the Laotian word for gold
In footwear and fashion, flip-flops are a kind of flat, backless sandal. They have a flat sole held on the foot by a u-shaped strap that passes between the first (big) and second toes and around either side of the foot, attached to the sole at three points, commonly known as the thong strap. They may have been developed out of traditional Japanese woven or wooden-soled sandals (i.e., zori and setta) in Australia.

Footwear
Thong is a village in Kent, England. It is south of Gravesend. 

Villages in Kent
A hamlet is a small settlement, smaller than a village. Usually, all settlers in a hamlet are centered around a single economic activity. A hamlet may consist of a farm, a mill, a mine or a harbor. All the people living there would be workers on that farm, mill, mine or harbour. Hamlets, especially those with a medieval church may have resulted from a medieval village, that was abandoned for some reason.

Because of the small size of the settlement, there are usually no buildings which have a central or admninistratrive function. There usually is no church, town hall or pub. Roads and streets in the hamlet do not have names, most of the time. 5-6 families may live there usually within a 2km radius area. 

In Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Alsace region of France, such hamlets often have names that end in -wil, -wil(l)er, -wyhl or -viller.

 
Types of settlements
The Recording Industry Association of America or RIAA is an organization that was created and paid for by large record companies. It is based in Washington, D.C. It symbolizes the entire recording industry of the United States of America. The RIAA also participates in the collection, management and distribution of music licenses and royalties.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in the U.S. Its goals are:
to protect intellectual property rights worldwide and the First Amendment rights of artists;
to perform research about the music industry;
to watch over and review laws, regulations and rules that apply to the music industry.

Members 
The members of the RIAA are mostly record companies in the U.S.
History 
The RIAA was created in 1952 to create technical standards for vinyl records so any record could play on any record player without difficulty. In today's times, the RIAA's goals is to prevent piracy of records. The RIAA says that the music industry loses nearly 4.2 billion U.S. dollars a year because of this.

Related pages
 Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ)
 American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP)
 Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC)

References

Other websites
Official website of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)

1952 establishments in the United States
Music industry organizations
Organizations in Washington, D.C.
Mar del Plata is a city of Argentina in the Buenos Aires Province. It is found on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, about 400 km south of Buenos Aires. Mar del Plata has a population of 541,733 people. It is the 7th biggest city in Argentina.

Other websites 

 Official Government website 
 Tourist Info (from the Official Government website)  
 Mar del Plata Website with news and things to do
Pope Boniface VIII (; c. 1230 – October 11, 1303), born Benedetto Caetani, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 194th Pope  from 1294 to 1303.

Early life 
Benedetto Caetani was born in 1235 at Anagni in Italy.  Caetani studied at Todi and at Spoleto where he earned a degree in law. He came from a very noble family. His family was in government.

In 1265, Caetani traveled with Cardinal Ottobuono Fieschi to England.

Cardinal
In 1281, Pope Martin IV raised Caetani to the rank of cardinal. In 1291, Pope Nicholas IV made him Cardinal of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti.

Pope
Cardinal Caetani was elected in 1294; and he chose to be called Boniface VIII.

Pope Boniface confirmed the decree of Pope Celestine V that any pope can freely resign.

Boniface was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
Boniface VIII made a rule that if a ruler (king) fined people taxes without the church or popes' permission that the ruler would be excluded from the church. He would make rash decisions without consideration. He was known to be harsh, mean, cruel, and did not listen to other people's recommendations. For example, He declared a very rash papal law that all people, not just Christians, must follow him if they want to go to heaven. He believed as the Pope, all rulers should bow down to him and respect him.

After his death
Dante mentions Boniface in The Inferno.  He identifies the pope as "the Prince of the new Pharisees."

Related pages
 List of popes
 Abdication

References

Other reading
 Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross. (1933). Boniface VIII. London: Constable.  OCLC 1387650

Other websites 

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Boniface VII
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Caetani 

Italian popes
1235 births
1303 deaths
Signal, signals or signalling may refer to:

Scientific concepts 
 Signal (electrical engineering), a varying quantity that can carry information over air or wires.
 Signal processing, the field of techniques used to extract information from signals
 Signal (computing), an event, message, or data structure transmitted between computational processes
 Cell signalling (biology), the system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions
 Signal (biology), electrochemical activity in an organism
Communications 
 Signals used in various kinds of transport:
 Road traffic signal
 Railway signal
 Semaphore
 Beacon
 International maritime signal flags, using the International Code of Signals
 Signals (military), a historical name for the military communications
 Signal corps, the branch of military which operates with command, control and communications systems
 Signalling theory in biology, how organisms signal their state to others
 Distress signal
 Smoke signal (See also :Category:Early telecommunications)
 Signalling (telecommunications), a part of some communication protocols
 Signal (recognition), a way of showing that a person recognizes something; such as the Color of the day used by police.
Names 
 Signal band A rock band from Northwest Indiana
 Signal (band), a Bulgarian rock band
 Signals (album), an album by progressive rock band Rush
 Signal (magazine)
 Signal (toothpaste)
 Signal 1 and Signal 2 radio stations
 Signal (subscription service), service that provided real-time stock quotes
 Signaal (now Thales Nederland), a Netherlands-based defence company
 Signal Systems, a company of the McLean Group of Companies

Other 
 Any implicit, subtle, or disguised message, in situations such as:
 Partnership card games (see signal (bridge))
 Signaling (economics)
 Signals and slots, a software design pattern
 Kent (game) a card game also known as Signal or Kemp
In the fields of communications, signal processing, and in electrical engineering more generally, a signal is any time-varying quantity. 

The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely.  Definitions specific to subfields are common. For example, in information theory, a signal is a codified message, i.e., the sequence of states in a communications channel that encodes a message. In a communications system, a transmitter encodes a message into a signal, which is carried to a receiver by the communications channel.  For example, the words "Mary had a little lamb" might be the message spoken into a telephone. The telephone transmitter converts the sounds into an electrical voltage signal. The signal is transmitted to the receiving telephone by wires; and at the receiver it is reconverted into sounds.
Examples of signals 
 Motion.  The motion of a particle through some space can be considered to be a signal, or can be represented by a signal.  The domain of a motion signal is one-dimensional (time), and the range is generally three-dimensional.  Position is thus a 3-vector signal; position and orientation is a 6-vector signal.

 Sound.  Since a sound is a vibration of a medium (such as air), a sound signal associates a pressure value to every value of time and three space coordinates.  A microphone converts sound pressure at some place to just a function of time, using a voltage signal as an analog of the sound signal.

 Compact discs (CDs).  CDs contain discrete bits representing a sound signal, recorded at 44,100 samples per second.  Each sample contains data for a left and right channel, which may be considered to be a 2-vector (since CDs are recorded in stereo).

 Noise typically unwanted but not always.
References
Shannon, C. E., 2005 [1948], "A Mathematical Theory of Communication,"  (corrected reprint ), accessed Dec. 15, 2005. Orig. 1948, Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, pp. 379–423, 623-656.

Electronics
Electrical engineering
Telecommunications
Biography
Eddie Schneider was born in 1911 in Manhattan in New York City. His father was Emil August Schneider (1886-1955), a banker and stock broker who born in Germany. His mother was Inga Karoline Eldora Pedersen (1882-1927), who was born in Farsund, Norway. The family moved from Manhattan to Red Bank, New Jersey, and then they moved to Jersey City, New Jersey by 1920. Eddie graduated from Dickinson High School in Jersey City in 1927, the same year that his mother died. After his mother's death, he and his parents visited Bielefeld, Germany and Farsund, Norway to visit with relatives. In Germany Eddie went on a plane ride and then aviation became his obsession. In 1929 he trained at Roosevelt Field on Long Island and became the youngest person in the United States to receive a commercial pilot's license. That same year he also received a mechanics license, becoming the youngest licensed airplane mechanic in New York.
He married Gretchen Hahnen (1902-1986) in New York City on June 2, 1934. Gretchen was the daughter of Zora M. Hahnen (1882-1962) and was originally from Des Moines, Iowa. Eddie met her at an aviation function. They did not have any children. 

In 1936 Eddie left for Spain to be a pilot in the Spanish Civil War which was against the law. Along with fellow Americans Bert Acosta and Frederic Ives Lord he organized the Yankee Squadron. He was only there for a month before he returned to the United States. When talking to reporters Eddie said: "I was broke, hungry, jobless ... yet despite the fact that all three of us are old-time aviators who did our part for the development of the industry, we were left out in the cold in the Administration’s program of job making. Can you blame us for accepting the lucrative Spanish offer?"
On December 23, 1940, Eddie was killed in an accident while training another pilot. They were trying to land, when a Navy pilot struck the tail of Eddie's plane. Eddie's plane went into a spin and crashed into the river. Both the student and Eddie were killed.

References 

1911 births
1940 deaths
People from New York City
American aviators
Córdoba is a city in the center of Argentina, about 700 km from Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province. As of 2006 Córdoba has a population of over 1,300,000 inhabitants, making it Argentina's second largest city.

Cordoba, sometimes abbreviated Cba, is the capital of the same name province and from Buenos Aires Argentina's most populous city. Consequently, it is an important centre for cultural, economic, financial and entertainment. Cordoba is referred also as La Docta and to the city of bells.

It is in the central region of the country, on both banks of the River Suquía. It is the only Department Capital municipality. Communal participation centers that decentralized is administratively divided into eleven. The provincial census 2008 established a population of 1.309.536 inhabitants, which indicates that the same grows to rate decreasing.
Shaped a square of 24 km side, totalling an area of 576 km². Limited to the North with the Columbus Department; East with the Columbus (North of the River Suquía) Department and Department Santa Maria (South of the Suquía River); the Santa María Department in the South and West with Santa Department Mary (South of the Suquía River) and the colon (North of the River Suquía) Department.

Córdoba was founded by from Seville Jerome, Luis Cabrera on 6 July in 1573 as a people of Spanish to serve as a refuge for indigenous to be able to navigate and traded freely. The city was declared provisional capital on two occasions, the first 1806 (such as capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata during the English invasions), and then click 1955 during the events of the Revolution freedom. It is the second largest since the beginning of radiation metropolis industrialists.

Much of the mass transit (during the day are more than 700 units) system works 24 hours, as well as the guards of the hospitals.