Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Pittsfield may refer to:

Places in the United States
 Pittsfield, former name of Pilot Hill, California
 Pittsfield, Illinois, a city
 Pittsfield, Maine, a town
 Pittsfield (CDP), Maine, a census-designated place in the town
 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, a city, the largest and best-known Pittsfield
 Pittsfield, New Hampshire, a town
 Pittsfield, New York, a town
 Pittsfield, Pennsylvania
 Pittsfield, Vermont, a town
 Pittsfield, Wisconsin, a town
 Pittsfield (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 Pittsfield Township, Pike County, Illinois
 Pittsfield Charter Township, Michigan
 Pittsfield Township, Lorain County, Ohio
 Pittsfield Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania

Other
 Pittsfield Building, a skyscraper in Chicago
Samuel Richard "Sandy" Berger (October 28, 1945 – December 2, 2015) was an American political consultant of Jewish descent. He served as the United States National Security Advisor for President Bill Clinton from March 14, 1997 until January 20, 2001. Before that, he served as the Deputy National Security Advisor for the Clinton Administration from January 20, 1993 until March 14, 1997.

In 2005, Berger got a fine of $50,000 and had to do 100 hours of community service because he had taken documents from the National Archives in Washington although he wasn't allowed to do this.

Sandy Berger died of cancer of unknown primary origin in Washington, D.C. on December 2, 2015, aged 70.

References
References

1945 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
Lawyers from New York (state)
American lobbyists
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
Cornell University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American criminals
Jewish American politicians
Jewish lawyers
Politicians from New York (state)
United States National Security Advisors
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Robert Eugene Glennen, Jr., PhD (March 31, 1933 – December 1, 2015) was an American education administrator. He served as Emporia State University's thirteenth president in Emporia, Kansas. Before president of Emporia State, Glennen also served as the tenth president at Western New Mexico University, many administrative jobs at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and the University of Notre Dame.

Glennen was born in Billings, Montana. He died in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 82.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
Academics from Montana
People from Billings, Montana
Educators from Las Vegas
Academics from Kansas
Suffolk is one of the Counties of England. 

Suffolk may also refer to:

In geography:
 Canada:
 Suffolk Township, now Saint-Émile-de-Suffolk, Quebec
 Ireland:
 Suffolk, Belfast
 England:
 Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)
 United States:
 Suffolk, Mississippi, in Franklin County, Mississippi
 Suffolk, Montana, in Fergus County, Montana
 Suffolk, Virginia, an independent city in eastern Virginia
 Suffolk County, Massachusetts
 Suffolk County, New York

In ships:
 HMS Suffolk, one of five ships, so named, of the British Royal Navy
 USS Suffolk (AKA-69), an attack cargo ship of the United States Navy

In fauna:
 Suffolk (sheep), black-faced, open-faced breed of domestic sheep 
 Suffolk Punch, one of England's oldest breed of draft horse
In other:
 Earl of Suffolk, a title that has been created four times in the Peerage of England
 Duke of Suffolk, a title that has been created three times in the Peerage of England
 Suffolk Downs, a thoroughbred race track in East Boston, Massachusetts
 Suffolk University, a college in Boston. MA
Joseph Frederick Engelberger (July 26, 1925 – December 1, 2015) was an American physicist, engineer and entrepreneur. Engelberger created the first industrial robot in the United States, the Unimate, in the 1950s. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Later, he worked as entrepreneur and vocal advocate of robotic technology beyond the manufacturing plant in a variety of fields, including service industries, health care, and space exploration. He has been called "the father of robotics" for his works to the field.

Engelberger died in Newtown, Connecticut from complications following a stroke at the age of 90.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American physicists
Engineers from New York (state)
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Connecticut
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from Connecticut
James "Jim" Loscutoff Jr (February 4, 1930 – December 1, 2015) was a professional American basketball player for the NBA. He played for the Boston Celtics from 1955 through 1964. He was a forward. Loscutoff played on seven Celtics championship teams between 1956 and 1964. He was born in San Francisco, California.

Loscutoff died in Naples, Florida from complications of pneumonia and Parkinson's disease at the age of 85.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Boston Celtics players
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Florida
Sportspeople from San Francisco
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Suffolk County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. 767,254 people lived there in 2014. Its county seat is Boston, the state capital and largest city.

Massachusetts counties
1643 establishments
1640s establishments in Massachusetts
Middlesex is a former county in southeast England.

Places

Belize

Middlesex, Belize, a village in Stann Creek District, Belize

Canada

Middlesex County, Ontario

Jamaica

Middlesex County, Jamaica

United Kingdom

Middlesex County Cricket Club
Middlesex University
Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)

United States

Middlesex, New Jersey
Middlesex, New York
Middlesex, North Carolina
Middlesex, Vermont
Middlesex Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
Middlesex Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Middlesex School, Concord, Massachusetts
Middlesex Canal, Massachusetts
Middlesex County, Connecticut
Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Middlesex County, Virginia
Carthage is a city in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 14,378 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Jasper County. It is nicknamed "America's Maple Leaf City."

References

County seats in Missouri
Cities in Missouri
Jasper County, Missouri
Jasper County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 122,761. Its county seat is Carthage. Its largest city is Joplin. The county was formed in 1841. It was named for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolutionary War.

References

 
1841 establishments in Missouri
Jackson County is the name of 24 counties in the United States:

 Jackson County, Alabama
 Jackson County, Arkansas 
 Jackson County, Colorado 
 Jackson County, Florida 
 Jackson County, Georgia 
 Jackson County, Illinois 
 Jackson County, Indiana 
 Jackson County, Iowa 
 Jackson County, Kansas 
 Jackson County, Kentucky 
 Jackson Parish, Louisiana 
 Jackson County, Michigan 
 Jackson County, Minnesota 
 Jackson County, Mississippi 
 Jackson County, Missouri 
 Jackson County, North Carolina
 Jackson County, Ohio 
 Jackson County, Oklahoma 
 Jackson County, Oregon 
 Jackson County, South Dakota 
 Jackson County, Tennessee 
 Jackson County, Texas 
 Jackson County, West Virginia 
 Jackson County, Wisconsin
Jasper County is the name of eight counties in the United States.

 Jasper County, Georgia
 Jasper County, Illinois
 Jasper County, Indiana
 Jasper County, Iowa
 Jasper County, Mississippi
 Jasper County, Missouri
 Jasper County, South Carolina
 Jasper County, Texas

Other 
 Jasper County (album), a recording by Trisha Yearwood
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. In 2020, the population was 717,204. This county has the second-highest number of people in the state, after St. Louis County. It has two county capitals, Independence and Kansas City. The county was created December 15, 1826. It was named for President Andrew Jackson (elected 1828).

References

Missouri counties
1820s establishments in Missouri
1826 establishments in the United States
Kylo Ren (born Ben Solo) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the 2015 movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens. He was portrayed by Adam Driver. He is the main villain of The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi , and is redeemed in the final installment  The Rise of Skywalker.
Kylo Ren is the pseudonym of Ben Solo, the son of original Star Wars trilogy characters Han Solo, who he later killed, and Leia Organa. Though trained by his uncle Luke Skywalker as a Jedi, he has been drawn to the dark side of the Force, and wants to be as powerful as his grandfather, Darth Vader who he praised and thought was the king of evil, not the one who killed the emperor. Throughout all of The Force Awakens and the first two acts of The Last Jedi, Ren wants to be fully committed to the dark side, but there are times where the light side tries to pull him back in. This can be seen because when he kills his father Han, he hesitates before he does it. Even when he has a chance to kill his mother Leia, he chooses not to after giving it thought. This makes him a complex character.
Kylo Ren is the master of the Knights of Ren and a commander for the First Order, an organization created from the fallen Galactic Empire.The First Order believed that the Empire's leader, Emperor Palpatine, had been killed by Luke Skywalker, not Darth Vader. He is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising, and has appeared in the movie's sequel, Star Wars: Episode VIII - The Last Jedi''.

References

Other websites
 Kylo Ren in the Official StarWars.com Encyclopedia

Fictional characters introduced in 2015
Star Wars characters
Adam Douglas Driver (born November 19, 1983) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the TV show Girls and the Star Wars movies.

Background 
Adam Driver was born in California. The Driver family has roots in Arkansas and Tennessee, where they owned slaves. He grew up in Indiana and joined the United States Marine Corps after the September 11 attacks. He was excited to fight the Iraq War, but could not join direct combat because of an injury. He then went to Juilliard School, an elite school for performing arts, to begin his acting career.

References

Other websites

 

1983 births
Living people
Actors from San Diego, California
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Governments and private organizations have developed car classifications that are used for a number of purposes. These include regulation, description and categorization, among others. The following are commonly used classifications in use worldwide:

References

Land vehicles
Transport lists
Scott Weiland (born Scott Richard Kline; October 27, 1967 – December 3, 2015) was an American musician, singer and songwriter. His career lasted three decades. He was best known as the lead singer for the rock band Stone Temple Pilots from when they formed in 1986 until he was fired in 2013. He was also the lead singer of band Velvet Revolver from 2003 to 2008. That band had members from another popular band, Guns N' Roses, and were called a "supergroup" because of this. 

Weiland was born in San Jose, California. At age five, he was adopted by his stepfather and moved to Ohio. Weiland moved back to California in his teens.
After he was fired from Stone Temple Pilots, Weiland formed a solo band called the Wildabouts. They released an album in March 2015 called "Blaster" but their guitar player, Jeremy Brown, died the day before it came out. Weiland himself died on this band's tour bus in Bloomington, Minnesota on December 3, 2015 after drinking and taking drugs such as cocaine and ethanol. He was 48 years old. He had battled addictions to drugs for over 20 years, at first becoming addicted to heroin in the 1990s.

References

Other websites

 

1967 births
2015 deaths
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
American adoptees
American heavy metal musicians
American rock singers
American Roman Catholics
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Musicians from San Jose, California
People with bipolar disorder
Singers from California
Singers from Ohio
The Eastern Shore of Maryland is on the east side of Chesapeake Bay. It consists of nine counties. In 2004 its population was nearly 441 thousand. This means about 8 percent of Marylanders live in this region. The term "Eastern Shore" distinguishes a territorial part of the State of Maryland from the Western Shore of Maryland, land west of the Chesapeake Bay.

The region has many beaches. Some of the best known and most often visited beaches are at Ocean City, Maryland. Ocean city is also known for its boardwalks and its tourist attractions. With a population of 24,000, Salisbury is the largest city.

References 

Geography of Maryland
Casualty is a British television show aired on the BBC since 6 September 1986. It is the longest-running emergency medical drama television series in the world. It is filmed in Cardiff. The 1,000th episode of Casualty aired on 25 June 2016, episode 39 of series 30.

Creation
The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin, as a response to the Margaret Thatcher era.

Location
Casualty is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the fictional county of Wyvern, in the south-west of England.

References

1986 television series debuts
1980s British drama television series
1980s British workplace television series
1980s workplace drama television series
1990s British drama television series
1990s British workplace television series
1990s medical television series
1990s workplace drama television series
2000s British drama television series
2000s British workplace television series
2000s medical television series
2000s workplace drama television series
2010s British drama television series
2010s British workplace television series
2010s medical television series
2010s workplace drama television series
BBC television dramas

British workplace drama television series
English-language television programs
Yossi Sarid (‎; 24 October 1940 – 4 December 2015) was an Israeli news commentator and former politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment, Ratz and Meretz between 1974 and 2006. He was the Minister of Education and Minister of the Environment, he led Meretz between 1996 and 2003 and served as Leader of the Opposition from 2001 to 2003.

He wrote a column for Haaretz.

Sarid was born in Rehovot and died on the evening of 4 December 2015 from a heart attack, aged 75.

References

Other websites
Yossi Sarid's official lecturer page 

1940 births
2015 deaths
Columnists
Members of the Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli opposition leaders
Jewish Israeli politicians
Meretz politicians
Dag Skogheim (17 May 1928 – 4 December 2015) was a Norwegian teacher, poet, novelist, short story writer, biographer and non-fiction writer. He was born in Sømna. He made his literary debut in 1970 with the poetry collection ... gagns menneske. He was known for his 2001 novel Sanatorieliv. The book was awarded the Sverre Steen Prize from the Norwegian Historical Association in 2002.

Skogheim died in Oslo, Norway from complications following a stroke, aged 87.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
Norwegian writers
Norwegian poets
William Richards Bennett, PC, OBC (August 18, 1932 – December 3, 2015), commonly known as Bill Bennett, was a Canadian politician. He was the 27th Premier of the Canadian province of British Columbia 1975–1986. He was a son of the former Premier, W. A. C. Bennett. He was a 3rd cousin, twice removed, of R.B. Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister of Canada.

Bennett died on December 3, 2015 at the age of 83 from Alzheimer's disease in Kelowna, British Columbia.

References

1932 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in British Columbia
Premiers of British Columbia
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Ferenc Juhász (16 August 1928 – 2 December 2015) was a Hungarian poet. He received the Golden Wreath award in 1992. He was thought to be a close contender for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1976.

Juhász published his first poem in 1946. In 1949, he published his first book of poems, The Winged Foal. His poems, including "The boy changed into a stag clamors at the gate of secrets", have been widely translated.

References

Other websites
http://www.jstor.org/pss/20163235
http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Ferenc%20Juhasz

1928 births
2015 deaths
Hungarian poets
Quorn is a small town in the Flinders Ranges in the north of South Australia, 39 km northeast of Port Augusta.  In 2011 there were 1206 people living in  Quorn. Quorn is the home of the Flinders Ranges Council local government area. It is in the state Electoral district of Stuart and the federal Division of Grey.

It is also the home of the Pichi Richi Railway.

History 

The town was surveyed in 1878 and named after Quorndon in Leicestershire, United Kingdom. It was a railway town, part of the railway line being built from Port Augusta. The railway line from Port Augusta to Quorn opened in 1879. It reached Government Gums (Farina) in 1882, Marree in 1884, Oodnadatta in 1890 and Alice Springs in 1929. This railway line later became known as the "Ghan line" or Central Australia Railway.
In 1917, Quorn became the crossroads of the north–south Central Australian Railway and east–west Trans-Australian Railway between Port Augusta and Kalgoorlie. This made Quorn an important town, as everyone travelling east–west or north–south in Australia passed through Quorn. As a result, many fine buildings were built as the town expanded.

Quorn's role as a crossroads was lost in 1937 when a standard gauge railway connection was opened between Port Pirie and Port Augusta. However, during World War II, Quorn was a vital service point for trains heading north to Alice Springs. Over one million soldiers passed through on their way to Darwin and on to Papua New Guinea. There were over 50 trains eaxh day during and immediately after World War II. The trains also carried coal mined at Leigh Creek to the new Playford A Power Station in Port Augusta.
In 1973 the Pichi Richi Railway Preservation Society was formed to keep and protect the unique bridges and stone work that formed the railway through the Pichi Richi Pass between Quorn and Stirling North. At first they only wanted to preserve the railway through the Pichi Richi Pass, but they later got railway carriages and locomotives to provide a tourist  service through from Quorn to Port Augusta. TheThey have written a book showing the railway in its heyday.

Tourism

A main attraction in Quorn is the Pichi Richi Railway. There are also a self-guided walking tours in the town, included several based around the town's historic old buildings, the railway yards and other historic locations. The Flinders Ranges Visitor Information Centre / Pichi Richi Railway in the Quorn railway station provide visitor information, bookings for the railway, accommodation, tours and souvenirs.

There are a number of hotels, restaurants, bistro and cafes in town.
The Heysen Trail and the Mawson Trail, two long distance trails for walking and cycling, pass through town and there are many bushwalks and 4wd tracks.

Famous people from Quorn include country music artist Jedd Hughes, politician Brian Harradine and champion SANFL footballer Fos Williams. Former Australian of the year and AC, CBE, Lowitja O'Donoghue also spent her childhood at the Aboriginal mission in Quorn, the Colebrook Children's Home.

Travellers use Quorn as a base to explore the Flinders Ranges, including Warren Gorge, Kanyaka Station, Proby's Grave and Itali Itali.

Quorn has also been used in several movies, including The Shiralee, Sunday Too Far Away, Gallipoli, Wolf Creek, The Sundowners, The Lighthorsemen and The Last Ride starring Hugo Weaving.

Naming
The name Quorn has been used as a name for a crater on the planet Mars, without commemorating the town.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 SA History - Quorn 
 A tale of two Quorns
 Pichi Richi Railway Website

Towns in South Australia
Gustavo Endres (born August 23, 1975 in Passo Fundo, Brazil) is a retired Brazilian volleyball player.  

Endres played for Brazil's men's national volleyball team in 1997-2008.  The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. The team won the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.  

Endres was also a member of the 2002 and 2006 World Championship teams.  He won several medals in the World League, South American Championship, World Cup and the Grand Champions Cup.

Other websites
 LegaVolley profile

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian volleyball players
Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho (born 23 December 1976 in Londrina) is a retired Brazilian professional volleyball player. He is usually known as known as Giba. He played as an outside hitter.

Career 
For much of the 2000s, he was widely regarded as one of the best volleyball players in the world. During his professional career he played in Brazil, Italy, Russia, Argentina and briefly in the United Arab Emirates. He is mostly remembered for his successes with the Brazilian national team.

With the national team he won a total of 8 South American Championships, 3 America's Cups, 8 World League titles, 2 World Grand Champions Cups, three World Championships (2002, 2006, 2010) and the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he was the non-playing captain.

During summer 2014, Giba retired from professional volleyball at the age of 37.
Other websites
  Site non officiel 
  Blog do Giba 

1976 births
Living people
2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
Brazilian Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Brazilian volleyball players
Cicero is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,812.

References

Towns in Indiana
Ashton Baldwin "Ash" Carter (September 24, 1954 – October 24, 2022) was an American politician, military civillian official and academic. He was the United States Secretary of Defense from 2015 to 2017. He is also a physicist and a former Harvard University professor of Science and International Affairs. He was nominated by President Barack Obama, and confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 93–5, to replace Chuck Hagel as the US Secretary of Defense.

Carter died from a heart attack at his home in Boston, Massachusetts on October 24, 2022, one month after his 68th birthday.

References

Other websites
 Preventive Defense Project 
 Ashton B. Carter  expert profile at the Belfer Center of Harvard University
 
 Collected columns at Foreign Affairs magazine
 
 Department of Defense biography

1954 births
2022 deaths
United States Secretaries of Defense
Politicians from Philadelphia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Educators from Philadelphia
William McIlvanney (25 November 1936 – 5 December 2015) was a Scottish novelist, short story writer, and poet.  McIlvanney was known for his works Laidlaw, The Papers of Tony Veitch, and Walking Wounded. They are all known for their portrayal of Glasgow in the 1970s. He is thought to be as "the father of 'Tartan Noir’" and Scotland's Camus.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Scottish novelists
Scottish poets
People from East Ayrshire
Marília Pêra (22 January 1943 – 5 December 2015) was a Brazilian actress. She was called "one of the decade's [1980s] ten best actresses" by Pauline Kael.

Pêra won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress in 1982 for her role in Hector Babenco's famous movie Pixote. She received the Best Actress awards at the Gramado Film Festival (Triple Award Winner) and at the Cartegena Film Festival for Carlos Diegues' Better Days Ahead. Her other movies include Bar Esperanza,  Angels of the Night, and Diegues' Tieta.

Abel Pêra, also an actor from Brazil, was her uncle.

Pêra died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from lung cancer, aged 72.

References

Other websites

 

1943 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Deaths from lung cancer
Actors from Rio de Janeiro
Pauline Kael (; June 19, 1919 – September 3, 2001) was an American movie critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991. Earlier in her career, her work appeared in City Lights, McCall's and The New Republic. 

Kael was known for her "witty, biting, highly opinionated, and sharply focused" reviews. Legendary critic Roger Ebert said that Kael "had a more positive influence on the climate for film in America than any other single person over the last three decades".

Kael was born in Petaluma, California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Kael died in Great Barrington, Massachusetts from Parkinson's disease at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

 
 Pauline Kael Archives , a collection of articles and commentary about Kael
 The Pearls of Pauline from Brights Lights Film Journal 
 Interview magazine q&a  Pauline Kael interviewed by Polly Frost and Ray Sawhill
1919 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
American movie critics
Writers from California
Writers from New York City
Quinnipiac University  is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational university. It is in Hamden, Connecticut, United States. 

The university grants undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees through its College of Arts and Sciences; School of Business and Engineering; School of Communications; School of Health Sciences; School of Law; School of Medicine; School of Nursing and School of Education. Quinnipiac is home to the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute.

Other websites
Official website
Official Athletics website
Official QU Online website

Colleges and universities in Connecticut
Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant."  The population was 61,169 at the 2020 census. Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven.

References

Towns in Connecticut
Siddhi Savetsila (, , , 7 January 1919 – 5 December 2015) was a Thai air force officer and politician. He served as the foreign minister of Thailand from 1980 to 1990. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand serving from January through August 1986. He has been a member of the Privy Council of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. 

Savetsila died at the age of 96 in Bangkok on 5 December 2015.

References

1919 births
2015 deaths
Military personnel of World War II
Siddhi Savetsila
Siddhi Savetsila
Siddhi Savetsila
A mohel is a person who circumcises Jewish baby boys eight days after they are born. This is a practice of Jewish law (Halakha).

Procedure
A knife is traditionally used for this, but a clamp is now sometimes used instead. In Orthodox Judaism the mohel is male. However, some more progressive types of Judaism allow women to serve as a mohel.

Event
The event of the circumcision is called a Brit milah, sometimes pronounced bris especially by Jews of European heritage whose ancestors spoke Yiddish. The mohel says prayers with the infant's family and guests, to welcome the baby boy into the Jewish religion.

References

Judaism
Occupations
Farina is a ghost town in South Australia. It is on the edge of the desert, with an unpredictable annual rainfall of 163.6 mm. It was a farming and railway town, part of the Ghan railway, 26 km north of Lyndhurst and 55 km south of Marree. In 2006 there were 55 people living near Farina.

Before 1878 Farina was called The Gums or Government Gums, It was an important waterhole in a dry desert. Farina was settled in 1878 by farmers who thought that if they ploughed the land and planted crops it would rain. It was named Farina after the Latin word for flour. The town was the railhead until 1884 when the railway reached Marree. During the wet years of the 1880s, plans were laid out for a town with 432 ¼-acre blocks. It was believed that it would be good for growing wheat and barley, however normal rainfall is not enough to grow these crops. Several silver and copper mines were dug in the surrounding area.
Farina grew to 600 people in the late 1800s.  The town had two hotels (the Transcontinental and the Exchange) and an underground bakery, a bank, two breweries, a general store, an Anglican church, five blacksmiths, a school and a brothel. In 1909, a 1143 kg iron meteorite was discovered north-east of the town.

Today all that is left are stone ruins and the elevated railway water tank. The post office closed in the 1960s and the railway line closed in the 1980s.

No one lives in the town, the closest people live at Farina station, a farm, west of the town.  A bush camping area has been set up by the owners of Farina station.

Volunteers have repaired the bakery and put up information signs.
Cemeteries
The town's cemetery is a few kilometres from the town. It has an Afghan corner with several headstones, some with both English and Arabic writing. These mark the graves of former Farina residents of Afghan origin who were part of the Afghan camel trains which used to provide transport services before the railway. All the gravestones face Mecca in the Islamic tradition.

References

 Postcards television show about South Australia

Other websites

 Bureau of Meteorology Farina statistics
 Farina: Ruined Ghost Town - Oodnadatta Track, South Australia 
 MSN Map 
 Volunteers bring ghost town back to life 
 Farina Restoration Group website

Ghost towns in Australia
Towns in South Australia
Abortion in Azerbaijan is legal upon request within the first twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy. 

After twenty-eight weeks, it is legal when:
 The abortion will save the woman's life or preserve her health;
 The father died during the pregnancy;
 Either parent was imprisoned;
 The pregnancy is a result of rape or incest;
 There is a disability in the family; or
 The parents have divorced. 

Additionally, a physician may approve any other reason to carry out an abortion.

References 

Azerbaijan
Demographics of Azerbaijan
An onomatopoeia is a word that sounds like the sound it means: words that imitate particular sounds.

Examples:
buzz -- the sound bees make
arf, woof, bark -- sounds that dogs make
cuckoo -- the bird's name is its call
zip, zipper -- the sound it makes
meow -- the sound that cats makes 
tick tick -- the sound that a clock makes
boom--the sound that a bomb makes
crash--the sound that breaking glass makes
moo--the sound a cow makes

Vocabulary
Early life and career
Miller was born in Clarinda, Iowa. His parents were Mattie Lou (née Cavender) and Lewis Elmer Miller. In 1915, Miller's family moved to Grant City, Missouri, and he started playing in the town orchestra. At first, he played cornet and mandolin, but he switched to trombone by 1916. In 1918, the Miller family moved to Fort Morgan, Colorado, where Miller went to high school. During his senior year, he started a band with some classmates. They played "dance band music". By the time Miller graduated from high school in 1921, he had decided to become a professional musician.
In the early 1930s, Miller was a trombonist, arranger, and composer in The Dorsey Brothers. Miller composed the songs "Annie's Cousin Fannie", "Dese Dem Dose", "Harlem Chapel Chimes", and "Tomorrow's Another Day" in 1934 and 1935. In 1935, he started an American orchestra for British bandleader Ray Noble. In this band, he featured a lead clarinet over four saxophones. He later used this arrangement in his own bands.

Glenn Miller formed his first band in 1937. The band broke up after playing its last show at the Ritz Ballroom in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on January 2, 1938.
Success from 1938 to 1942
Miller was discouraged and returned to New York. He realized that the band needed to have a "sound" that was different from other bands. He decided to make the clarinet and tenor saxophone play the melody together, while three other saxophones played harmony. Miller hired a saxophonist named Wilbur Schwartz, but instead had him play lead clarinet. This was unique because it did not rely on repeated motifs, like other bands.

Miller had a staff who wrote and arranged songs for the band. They were Jerry Gray, Bill Finegan, Billy May, and George Williams.
Bluebird Records and Glen Island Casino
In September 1938, the Miller band began making recordings for Bluebird Records. Cy Shribman, a prominent East Coast businessman, began financing the band. In the spring of 1939, the band played at the Meadowbrook Ballroom in Cedar Grove, New Jersey and at the Glen Island Casino in New Rochelle, New York. At Glen Island, 1800 people attended Afterwards, the band became much more popular. The band's recording "Tuxedo Junction" sold 115,000 copies in the first week.

On February 10, 1942, Miller received a gold record for "Chattanooga Choo-Choo". "Chattanooga Choo Choo" was performed by the Miller orchestra with his singers Gordon "Tex" Beneke, Paula Kelly and the vocal group, the Modernaires. Other singers with this orchestra included Marion Hutton, Skip Nelson, Ray Eberle, Kay Starr, Ernie Caceres, Dorothy Claire and Jack Lathrop.
Motion pictures
Miller and his band appeared in two films. The first one was Sun Valley Serenade (1941) The second was Orchestra Wives (1942).

Army Air Force Band: 1942–1944

In 1942, Miller decided to join the war effort because he was too old to be drafted. At first, he volunteered for the Navy but was told he was not needed. Miller then wrote to Army Brigadier General Charles Young. He asked to lead an army band so he could entertain the Allied Forces, and was accepted this time. He earned the rank of captain and he was soon promoted to major by August 1944.

He was placed in the United States Army at first, but was then moved to the Army Air Forces. Captain Glenn Miller served as an officer at the training center at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama, in December 1942. He played trombone with the Rhythmaires, a 15-piece dance band, both on the base and in the town.
Miller formed a large marching band. He tried to modernize military music. Some officers didn't like it, but he continued because other leaders supported him. For example, he combined blues and jazz with the traditional military march. He formed the Army Air Force Band, with 50 members. In the summer of 1944, he took it to England, where he gave 800 performances and recorded a series of records. The music was used in American Forces Network radio broadcasting for entertainment and counter-propaganda against fascism. Miller also talked on the radio. One time, he said:
"America means freedom and there's no expression of freedom quite so sincere as music."

Disappearance

On December 15, 1944, Miller was to fly from the United Kingdom to Paris, France, to play for the soldiers there. His plane departed from Clapham and disappeared while flying over the English Channel. There were two other people on the plane: Lt. Col. Norman Baessell and pilot John Morgan.
There have been many theories about what happened to the plane. According to a 2014 article in the Chicago Tribune, Miller's plane crashed because it had a faulty carburetor.

In February 1945, Miller's wife, Helen accepted the Bronze Star Medal for him.

Legacy

Civilian band legacy
When Glenn Miller was alive, various bandleaders like Bob Chester imitated his style. In 1942, Miller gave singer Mel Tormé advice about songwriting.

By the early 1950s, more bands started to copy Miller's style.

The Miller estate authorized an official Glenn Miller "ghost band" in 1946. This band was led by Tex Beneke, former tenor saxophonist and a singer for the civilian band. It was similar to the Army Air Force Band because it had a large string section. At first called the "Glenn Miller Orchestra Under the Direction of Tex Beneke", it later became "The Tex Beneke Orchestra".
A film about Miller's life, The Glenn Miller Story, was released in 1953. Because of this, the Miller estate asked Ray McKinley to lead a new ghost band in 1956. This band still tours the United States.

Army Air Force band legacy
After Miller's disappearance, his Army Air Force band was decommissioned and sent back to the United States. Another band, called "the 314", took its place.

Compositions
Miller composed at least fourteen songs, both by himself or with other people. He added lyrics to another song. These and other songs were recorded by Miller's civilian bands and his Army Air Force band.

Grammy Hall of Fame
Glenn Miller had three recordings that were put into the Grammy Hall of Fame after he died. This award is for recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have "qualitative or historical significance."

Related pages

List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990
 Kalamazoo, Michigan

References
Notes

Bibliography
Bibliography

 Chattanooga Choo Choo-The Life and Times of the World Famous Glenn Miller Orchestra by Richard Grudens 2004 

 ASIN: B0007DMEDQ

Other websites

 The Glenn Miller Birthplace Society, which organizes the annual Glenn Miller Birthplace Festival in Clarinda, Iowa
 
 
 Recordings Miller made for Brunswick records as a sideman in the late 1920s and early 1930s
 "Glenn's Swing Orchestra" - tribute to Miller (in French language)
 "The Disappearance of Glenn Miller" - documentary in the PBS Series History Detectives

1904 births
1944 deaths
American jazz musicians
American military personnel of World War II
Aviation deaths
Bandleaders
Musicians from Iowa
Military people missing in action
Missing American people
Military people from Iowa
New Palestine (pronounced PAL-es-teen) is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,055.

References

Towns in Indiana
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The Ghan is a passenger train between Adelaide, Alice Springs, and Darwin on the Adelaide–Darwin railway in Australia. The train is operated by Great Southern Rail. It takes 54 hours to travel the  with a four-hour stop in Alice Springs.

The name

The train's name is a short version of its nickname The Afghan Express. This nickname is said to have been first used in 1923 by one the train crew. The train's name honours Afghan camel drivers who arrived in Australia in the late 19th century to help find a way to reach the country's unexplored interior.
Another view is that the name was an insult. In 1891, the railway from Quorn reached Oodnadatta. This was home to about 150 cameleers, known as 'Afghans'. 'The Ghan Express' name was used by train crews in the 1890s as a joke because, when an expensive sleeping car was put on from Quorn to Oodnadatta, 'on the first return journey the only passenger was an Afghan'. As early as 1924, it was known as 'The Afghan Express' because it was so unreliable, often days, or weeks late. By 1951, when steam engines were replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, the insult of the names, like the cameleers, had faded away. Modern marketing has turned the name into a term of pride in its heritage.

Operations
The Ghan was sold to a private company in 1997 and is operated by Great Southern Rail. GSR was sold to Allegro Funds, a Sydney investment fund, in March 2015.
The Ghan normally runs weekly year round. During December 2012 and January 2013 it ran only once every two weeks. Until 2016, a second service operated between June and September. The train stops at Alice Springs and Katherine so passengers have time for optional tours. 

Each train has between 16 and 26 stainless steel carriages. These were built by Comeng, Granville in the late 1960s / early 1970s for the Indian Pacific, plus a motorail wagon. The train is pulled by a Pacific National NR class locomotive. Sometimes, other locomotives such as an AN class or a DL class join the NR class to pull the train.
History
Starting in August 1929, The Ghan first ran on the Central Australian Railway. This was a  narrow-gauge railway that went to Alice Springs. In 1957, the  standard gauge Stirling North to Marree line opened, so the train only ran north of Marree. In October 1980 a new standard gauge line was built to the west of the original line. This was later extended north from Alice Springs to Darwin, opening in January 2004.

Original Ghan
The Port Augusta to Government Gums Railway began in 1878 when Premier of South Australia, William Jervois, broke ground at Port Augusta. The  line reached Hawker in June 1880, Beltana in July 1881, Marree in January 1884, and Oodnadatta in January 1891. In 1926 work began to build the line to Alice Springs. and that section was completed in 1929. Until then, the final part of the train journey was made by camel.
There were always plans to build the line to Darwin, but by the time the line to Alice Springs was built, The Ghan was losing money. Plans to reach Darwin were put on indefinite hold. The original line followed the same track as the overland telegraph, which is believed to be the route taken by John McDouall Stuart during his 1862 crossing of Australia.
Steam locomotives need a lot of water, and Stuart's route to Alice Springs was the only one that had available water. This meant that when it did rain, the creeks and rivers often washed the track away. 
The Ghan service was well known for long delays caused by these washouts. A flatcar behind the locomotive carried spare sleepers and railway tools, so that if there was damage to the track, the passengers and crew could repair the line. During World War II the service had to be greatly expanded, putting great pressure on the limited water supplies. As a result, de-mineralisation towers, some of which survive to this day, were built along the track. This meant that bore water could be used in the locomotives. When the new line to Alice Springs was built in the 1970s, the use of diesel engines meant that there was far less need for water. The line could take the much drier route from Tarcoola to Alice Springs.
The original Ghan was shown in BBC Television's series Great Railway Journeys of the World in 1980, presented by Michael Frayn.

New line
The original Ghan ran for the last time in 1980. The Ghan Preservation Society has repaired sections of the old narrow gauge track and some notable sidings. In October 1980 the new standard gauge line from Tarcoola on the Trans-Australian Railway to Alice Springs was opened. The new line is about  west of the old line. This avoids the floodplains where the original line was often damaged by floods. It was also hoped that the new line would improve the train's timekeeping.

The modern Ghan was in an episode of Channel 5's series Chris Tarrant: Extreme Railways. In November 1998, one service went from Adelaide to Melbourne while from April 1999, the other went to Sydney.
Connection to Darwin
Building the line between Alice Springs and Darwin is said to be the second-largest civil engineering project in Australia, the largest since the Snowy Mountains Scheme was built 1949–1974. Work began in July 2001, with the first passenger train reaching Darwin on 4 February 2004, after 126 years of planning and waiting. The cost was A$1.3 billion.

The Ghan's arrival in Darwin started a new era of tourism in the Northern Territory. Travel to the area was easier, with better access to and for Aboriginal communities. The rail link will allow for more freight to travel through the region, leading to a hope that Darwin will serve as another trade link with Asia.

One of the locomotives was named after Steve Irwin to help promote the new service and tourism to the region.
Incidents
 On 24 October 2002, The Ghan collided with a school bus in Salisbury, South Australia. Four people on the bus were killed, but there were no significant injuries to the Ghan passengers.
On 12 December 2006, The Ghan collided with a truck at a level crossing and derailed 35 km south of Adelaide River in the Northern Territory. Seven of the 11 carriages came off the tracks. One woman was critically injured, other passengers received only minor injuries. The truck driver involved was arrested, according to the NT police, charged and found guilty of a number of charges related to the accident.
 On 4 March 2007, rains washed out part of the track between Darwin and Adelaide River. During the time that it took to repair the track, all trains terminated in Katherine.
On 6 August 2007, The Ghan collided with a truck at a level crossing  north of Adelaide in South Australia. Three passengers were reported with minor injuries, suffering from shock. The truck driver was temporarily trapped in his vehicle.
On 6 June 2009, a nineteen-year-old American tourist clung to the outside of The Ghan for two hours and 200 km when, after returning to the train after a stop in Port Augusta, he found himself locked out with his passport and luggage inside the train. He was only rescued when technician Marty Wells heard his screams and stopped the train.
References

Further reading

Other websites
The Ghan web page 
National Library of Australia collection

Rail transport in Australia
Itanium ( ) is a type of Intel microprocessors with 64-bit chip architecture (not related to the by now mainstream 64-bit CPUs made by Intel and others). Itanium processors are sometimes used today for servers. Itanium processors where originally designed by HP and Intel with Intel making producing them, and several manufacturers of systems used them; nowhere as many systems used as originally hoped for. By now mostly HP still supports systems using these chips.

Intel officially announced the end of life and product discontinuance of the Itanium CPU family on January 30, 2019.

Market reception

Powerful-type server market
When first released in 2001, Itanium's speed was disappointing compared to other processor types. Using existing x86 applications and operating systems was especially bad, with one test in 2001 showing that it was as fast as a 100 MHz Pentium (1.1 GHz Pentiums were on the market at that time).
Itanium did not have success compared to IA-32 or RISC, and was even worse when x86-64 was released, which worked with older x86 applications.

In an article from 2009 about the history of Itanium — "How the Itanium Killed the Computer Industry" — journalist John C. Dvorak reported "This continues to be one of the great fiascos [bad situations] of the last 50 years" . Technology writer Ashlee Vance wrote that slowness in speed and release "turned the product into a joke in the chip industry." In an interview, Donald Knuth said "The Itanium approach...was supposed to be so terrific—until it turned out that the wished-for compilers were basically impossible to write."
Both Red Hat and Microsoft said that they would stop allowing Itanium to be used with their operating systems. However, other Linux distributions such as Gentoo and Debian are still available for Itanium. On March 22, 2011, Oracle said they would no longer support Itanium, but support for their existing products would continue. In October 2013, Oracle said they would release Oracle Database 12.1.0.1.0 on HP-UX Itanium 11.31 by early 2014.

A past Intel company official said that Itanium had become profitable (Able to make a lot of money) for Intel in late 2009. In 2009 and later, Itanium was mostly used on servers by HP, which made 95% of Itanium servers, so the primary operating system for Itanium was HP-UX. On March 22, 2011, Intel said they will keep supporting Itanium entirely with many new Itanium chips being created and on-time.

Other markets 

Although Itanium did do well with high-end computing, Intel wanted it to have more usage compared to the original x86 architecture.
AMD decided on an easier idea, creating x86-64, a 64-bit addition to the x86 architecture, which Microsoft soon supported in Microsoft Windows, so Intel had to include the same type of 64-bit addition in Intel's x86 processors. x86-64 can use existing 32-bit applications at full hardware speed, but has 64-bit memory addressing and other additions to new applications. This architecture has now become the most used 64-bit architecture in the desktop and laptop market, with the 64-bit ARMv8 architecture powering many mobile devices, used in today's iPhones, iPads, iPod Touches, and now many Android phones and tablets such as the Nexus 6P and Nexus 9. Ssome Itanium-based workstations were initially introduced by companies such as SGI, but they are no longer available. Because AMD made the first x86-64 chip, the architecture is commonly referred to as "amd64" inside of operating systems.

History