Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Saltasaurus was a large plant-eating dinosaur with an elongated neck and bony armored plates on its body. It was a titanosaurid sauropod which lived during the late Cretaceous period, about 83 to 79 million years ago. Fossils have been found in Argentina.

It was the first genus of sauropod known to have armour of bony plates embedded in its skin. The small bony plates (called osteoderms, a feature of modern crocodiles) have since been found on other titanosaurs.

Description 
Saltasaurus was named by paleontologists José Bonaparte and Jamie Powell in 1980. Salta is the name of the Northwestern Argentinian Province where fossils were found. They include: a few oval and circular armored plates, hundreds of bumps which covered its back (roughly 1/4 inch = 6-7 mm in diameter), and several incomplete skeletons, including some vertebrae, limb bones, and jaws.

Titanosaurs
Peter Schwartz (born 1946) is a futurist and an author. He and his friends Stewart Brand and Jay Ogilvy made Global Business Network. Global Business Network is a company in San Francisco, California.

Personal history 
Peter was born in 1946. His parents are named Klara and Benjamin. He went to college at RPI. His wife is named Cathleen. His son is named Benjamin. Benjamin was born in 1990.

Writings 
Peter Schwartz wrote a lot of books, mostly about the future. He wrote about China's economy.
Peter Schwartz also helped work on movies.

Global Business Network 
Global Business Network is Peter Schwartz's company. He started it in the 1980s with his friends Stewart Brand and Jay Ogilvy.

References 

1946 births
Living people
Businesspeople from California
Jewish American writers
Jewish businesspeople
Writers from California
A fiddler crab, also called a calling crab, is a land crab that lives in mud or sand flats near the beach. The reason this crab is called a fiddler crab is because it holds its large cheliped in front of its body and moves it back and forth as if it is playing a fiddle.

Description

The male fiddler crab has one huge cheliped and another smaller cheliped. Sometimes it's the right cheliped that's the big one and sometimes it's the left. If a male loses its large cheliped, the smaller one will grow large to replace it. This huge cheliped is so large that it is sometimes bigger than the whole crab. It is this cheliped they wave back and forth.

Fiddler crab's diet
The fiddler crab eats by first opening its mouth, then using its maxillipeds (a part of its mouth), it scoops in a small amount of mud or sand, depending on where it lives. Then, it uses its other mouthparts to scrape any food matter (algae, decaying animals or plants)it can from the dirt it has just put into its mouth. After this, it forms the mud or sand into a little pellet, which is called a feeding pellet. It then drops the feeding pellet and starts all over again.
The reason the male fiddler crab has such a big claw is to attract females. Every two weeks during the summer, male fiddler crabs build little round burrows, which are deeper and better than the ones they usually build. The crabs guard these burrows fiercely. Where there are lots of fiddler crabs, there are usually hundreds of these little burrows all lined up only a few inches apart. Each male fiddler crab stands out in front of his burrow waiting for the females to return from eating. The females then walk around looking at the different burrows. As they walk past, the males wave their big chelipeds back and forth. If a female likes a male or burrow, she will stop and stare. Then the male begins waving his cheliped wildly. Sometimes the female will run away. However, if she stays, the male will run between her and the burrow, back and forth, again and again. If she has still not run away, she will come closer to the burrow
. Then the male will enter the burrow a little and start drumming against the side of the tunnel with his cheliped. If the female likes what she hears, she will go down into the burrow, and they will mate.
References

Other websites
  - Videos of Fiddler Crabs
Info on systematics, phylogeny and morphology of fiddlers - Fiddlercrab.info
The colorful fiddler crabs in the mangrove forest of Borneo - mysabah.com

Crabs
Night or nighttime is the time when the Sun is not in the sky. Night happens after dusk and before dawn. The opposite of night is day. The start and end times of night are different in different geographic locations. It varies on season, latitude, longitude and timezone.

In other time zones, the night occurs at different times. This is because the Sun shines on different parts of the Earth at different times. During a solar eclipse it is also partially night because the Sun is blocked out by the Moon.

In popular culture, night is often thought of as a symbol of evil, because of the fear of the dark, lack of being able to see what's around and criminals like doing crimes at night.

Related pages
 Light pollution
 Polar night

Parts of a day
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that has economic statistics like the gross domestic product of the United States. Its stated mission is to "promote a better understanding of the U.S. economy by having the most timely, relevant, and accurate economic data in an objective and cost-effective manner."

United States government agencies
1972 establishments in the United States
The Flag of Washington has the state seal (which has an image of George Washington) on a field of dark green with gold fringe being optional. It is the only U.S. state flag with a field of green as well as the only state flag with the image of an American president.

Washington
Washington (state)
Back at the Barnyard is an American animated television series. It was made by Nickelodeon Animation Studio. The series was broadcast on NickToons and Nickelodeon. The series is a spin-off of the Barnyard (2006) movie. It aired from September 29, 2007 to November 12, 2011.

Plot 
Following the events of the film, the series' plot generally revolves around Otis and his friends going on various misadventures and trying to keep their anthropomorphism a secret from humans.
Characters 
Otis - A cow.
Pip - A mouse.
camila holm 1214018631999901&set=a.109295332472242
Pig- A host of FNAF.
The Sheep - 13 Sheep, They Always Hang Around Together In An Eternally-Close Herd, And Are More Intelligent Than Duke, They All Speak In Bleating Noises.
Freddy - A ferret.
Peck - A chicken.
Hannah - A Hen.
Maddie - A Chick.
Duke - A collie.
Bessy - A cow.
Dawn - The farm bully. She has blonde hair tied with a pink elastic in a ponytail, blue eyes, and a mole on her left cheek. She wears a purple short-sleeved shirt, a blue skirt, and red and white sneakers.

 MePhone, a member of the team.

Episodes

Season 1: 2007-2008 
5 half episodes were aired in July 2008 as "Barnyard Blowout Week".
5 half episodes have be airing in September 2008 as part of "Barn to Party Week".
Season 2: 2008-2010 
In March 2008, Nick renewed Back at the Barnyard for a second season of 20 episodes and two holiday themed specials. The new season premiered on October 24, 2008, part of "Some Like It Snotty Week", which became the first 30-minute episode called, "Some Like it Snotty". A brand new Barnyard movie aired on November 29, 2008, which is the third day of the second "Super Stuffed Nicktoons Weekend". Four new episodes aired from January 20-23, 2009 part of "Battle of the Barnyard Week". Five more new episodes aired from February 23-27, 2009 part of "Animal Invasion" week, followed by five new episodes aired from May 18-22, 2009 part of an "Barnyard Bizarro Week".  Another quintet new episodes aired June 29 - July 3, 2009 part of "Battle of the Barnyard 2 week".
|-
|Clonedemonium
|rowspan"1"|A full of clones mini the size of, Little Otis and Little Abby come back to visit the barnyard, but it becomes a problem because they never sleep so the animals couldn't sleep when they're here. In order to make them stop visiting, they try to create mini-clones of Pig, Pip, Freddy, and Peck so Little Otis and Little Abby can have friends. A problem arises when the owner of the Clone-a-torium plans to use the clones to expose the humans so they would know that animals can talk (with the owner learning such after Tiny Pig talked to him upon his creation), and Otis and his friends must stop him from doing so.
|Communism
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2"|45
|rowspan="2"|November 12, 2011 (Nicktoons)
|Aliens!!!
|Aliens!!!
|rowspan"1"|In the series finale, Otis orders a satellite dish online in order to watch monkey boxing from Rio. Mrs. Beady sees this and believes that he is secretly signaling Aliens. Otis finds out and tries to prank Mrs. Beady with a fake alien invasion broadcast. This broadcast is sent to real aliens who are attracted to Earth and plan to conquer and destroy the planet. The animals must stop and stall them while they figure out their weakness. They soon learn that the aliens melt when they come in contact with milk and use that to scare the aliens away.
|
|}
References

Nickelodeon television series
Nicktoons
2000s American animated television series
2010s American animated television series
English-language television programs
2007 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
Barnyard is an animated movie which first shown in theaters on August 4, 2006. It was directed by Sam FellSteve Oedekerk. The music was arranged and conducted by Alastair King.

Plot 
Otis is a cow who likes to play. His father Ben is the leader of the barnyard when the farmer is away. Otis interrupts a barnyard meeting with his wild behavior, His father tells Otis he will never be happy if he just goofs off, and that he should grow up. Otis ignores his advice and leaves to have fun with his friends: Pip the mouse, Pig the pig, Freddy the ferret, and Peck the chicken. That same day, Otis meets a new cow, Daisy, who is pregnant. She is with Bessy, another female cow.

That night the animals have a party in the barn. All the animals are there except Ben, who is guarding the animals. Otis is supposed to be working with him, but he wants to be at the party. Ben talks with Otis and says the day he found him alone in the meadow, the stars danced. Otis is given permission to go to the party and he runs to the barn.
Later on, Ben has to fight a pack of coyotes led by Dag. They are raiding the chicken coop. Ben is bitten in the leg by a coyote, and he falls down. The coyotes pile on Ben, but he manages to grab Dag and escapes the pile. The hens cheer, but Ben falls on the ground, tired. Etta, a hen, runs into the barn and tells Otis, who runs outside to his father. Ben opens his mouth as if to say something, but dies.

After Ben's death, all the animals elect Otis as the new leader of the Barnyard. He gets out of his duties by leaving Freddy and Peck in charge of the coop. Later, Otis is sitting with Daisy and he overhears the coyotes chasing a hare. Otis tries to attack Dag but is outsmarted. Since Otis is weaker, Dag makes a deal that he and his pack will take some of the animals, but if he tries to stand up for all of them, they will kill everyone. Otis decides to leave the barnyard because he has no chance against the coyotes.
The next morning, before leaving, Otis finds out that the coyotes have taken some hens and a chick. Otis knows that he has been tricked by Dag, as he was not expecting them until tonight. He goes to rescue the poultry. Otis confronts the pack but is easily defeated.  Pip, Pig, Freddy, Peck and Miles the Mule arrive to help them, along with the gophers and Jersey Cows. Dag tries to sneak attack Otis from behind, but Otis is alerted when Peck successfully yells a warning. Otis catches Dag and tells the coyote to never return. Dag is swung out of the junkyard by Otis's golf skills.

Otis and the rest make it back to the barnyard. Daisy gives birth to a calf whom she names Ben. Duke, the farmer's sheepdog, asks Otis if he wants to stay and be their leader. Otis agrees, and everyone cheers as he walks outside. Once again, he sees the stars dancing.
Main cast 
 Kevin James as Otis
 Courteney Cox as Daisy
 Sam Elliott as Ben
 Danny Glover as Miles
 Wanda Sykes as Bessie
 Andie MacDowell as Etta
 David Koechner as Dag
 S. Scott Bullock as Eddy
 Maurice LaMarche as Igg
 John DiMaggio as Bud and Officer O'Hanlon
 Jeff Garcia as Pip
 Tino Insana as Pig
 Dom Irrera as Duke
 Cam Clarke as Freddy
 Rob Paulsen as Peck, Pizza Twin and Wild Mike
 Lloyd Sherr as Everett
 Madeline Lovejoy as Maddy 
 Earthquake as Root
 Steve Oedekerk as Eugene Beady (a.k.a. Snotty Boy), Mr. Beady and Pizza Twin
 Maria Bamford as Mrs. Beady
 Fred Tatasciore as The Farmer
Characters 
 Otis (Kevin James) is a handsome, carefree bull (But called a cow) who would rather pull pranks and party than be certain the farm is safe. He is the  son of Ben and, upon Ben's death, reluctantly assumes the role of leader. Although his sex is female, he identifies as male, he has udders (like a female - a cow). Otis is the protagonist of the film and his love interest is Daisy. He is a trans icon.
 Dag (David Koechner) is a red coyote and the main antagonist of the film. He and his fellow coyotes killed Ben and captured the Poultry to lead Otis into a trap near the end of the film. He is eventually defeated by Otis at the end of the movie.
Ben (Sam Elliott) is a bull who was responsible for the barnyard when the farmer is away. All the time in his later life he tries to teach his son Otis to grow up, as he is sick and tired of Otis fooling around, knowing that when he passes away, Otis must take his place. Ben is killed by coyotes early in the film. He had a handmade guitar and on it he played and sang a part of "I Won't Back Down." He also has udders.
 Daisy (Courteney Cox) is a pregnant cow who moves into the barnyard. She is Otis's love interest and she gives birth at the end of the film, the father being an unnamed bull at her old farm. She names her baby after Otis's father, Ben. She is replaced by another character named Abby in the CG cartoon. 
 Miles (Danny Glover) is a mule that lives in the barnyard. He along with Pig, Pip, Freddy, and Peck help Otis defeat the Coyote pack. He is absent in the CG cartoon.
Bessie (Wanda Sykes) is a cow who acts a bodyguard to Daisy. She intensely dislikes Otis because of his behavior at first and tries to keep him away from Daisy, but then learns to like him in the end.
 The Jersey Cows (S. Scott Bullock, John DiMaggio and Maurice LaMarche) are group of three bulls that behave similarly to Otis at the beginning of the movie. The group's members, Eddy, Bud, and Igg, enjoy driving the farmer's truck, shooting milk from their udders, and partying hard.
 Pip (Jeff Garcia) is a mouse that lives in the barnyard. He is Otis' best friend in both the movie and the TV series Back at the Barnyard. He has a love interest in Bessie. 
 Pig (Tino Insana) is a pig who loves to eat constantly. He is another close friend of Otis's.
 Duke (Dom Irrera) is a sheep dog who watches over and guards the sheep. He is briefly placed in charge of the farm when Otis decides to leave.
Freddy (Cam Clarke) is a ferret who suffers from a need to eat chicken, true to his species. He resists his instincts, however, to be a part of the farm. It is revealed in the television series that Freddy has hidden his resolve to vegetarianism from his parents for years and has not spoken to them since years before the events of the movie and series.
 Peck (Rob Paulsen) is a rooster who is best friends with Freddy. He gets worried about Freddy at times. Peck only learns to crow at the end of the movie.
 Etta (Andie MacDowell) is a hen that mothers all the chicks on the farm. She and her babies are captured by the coyotes in the film and it is up to Otis to rescue her and the children.
 Maddy (Madeline Lovejoy) is one of Etta's chicks. She loves Otis like a big brother as he is just as nice to her. She is absent in the TV series.
The Farmer (Fred Tatasciore) is a vegan farmer who runs the barnyard where the animals live. When he leaves, the animals are free to do as they please. It is revealed in the TV series that his last name is Buyer. It is also revealed that he has a grandson named Zack (who ends up befriending the animals in the series).
 Eugene Beady (Steve Oedekerk) is an obese child nicknamed "Snotty Boy" who enjoys cow tipping. Otis and the Jersey Cows take revenge on him with a game called "boy tipping."
 Mr. and Mrs. Beady (Steve Oedekerk and Maria Bamford) are a married couple who live near the barnyard. Mrs. Beady is a paranoid, nosy woman that knows the farm animals are anthropomorphic and is "medicated for a chemical imbalance". Her husband normally ignores what she says.
 The Pizza Twins (Steve Oedekerk and Rob Paulsen) are a pair of teenage pizza delivery boys. It appears that they are not very bright and easily amused, even when they actually witness the anthropomorphic farm animals.
Wild Mike (Rob Paulsen) is an animal of unknown species who is kept in a crate and only let out for parties. He dances wildly, which to Otis's personality, makes him want to join. He is let out his crate by Miles to help defeat the coyotes. His eyes appear at rare points, and he makes shrill screeches.
 Everett (Lloyd Sherr) is an elderly dog. He turns 13 years old in the movie, which, in dog years, is 91 years old. He can play the banjo.
2006 animated movies
2006 computer-animated movies
2000s family movies
American animated movies
German movies
Dutch movies
Movies about animals
Paramount Pictures movies
Nickelodeon
English-language movies
This article is about the American paperfolder. For the Czech hockey player, see Robert Lang.

Robert J. Lang (born May 4, 1961) is an American physicist known for his contributions to the art of origami.

Lang started his career in origami forty years ago, and many think he is now one of the world's best paperfolders. He travels often, giving lectures about how origami is related to other topics, like science, mathematics, and technology. Lang is also the author of nine books, and has written articles in several origami magazines. He has found many uses of origami in real life situations, like airbag design and an expandable space telescope.

Before being a professional origamist, Lang had many different jobs. He was a physicist, engineer, and research and development manager in chemistry. Lang has helped to write 80 publications, and has over 50 patents.
Personal life 
Lang was born on May 4th, 1961 in Dayton, Ohio, but he grew up outside Atlanta, Georgia. He was first introduced to origami when he was six years old. Lang was very good at math and math class bored him, so his teacher gave him an origami book to keep him entertained. He quickly folded the models in the book, and then folded models in many other books. In his early teens, Lang began folding his own models, and he drew diagrams on how to make them.

Lang went to college at Caltech, The California Institute of Technology, where he learned electrical engineering. He found college very hard, and often folded origami as a distraction from college life. Lang was afraid to tell people about his hobby, and he was even "a little embarrassed about it." For a long time, Lang didn't know any other origamists. He graduated from Caltech with a Ph.D. in physics, and later he graduated from Stanford University with a master's degree in electrical engineering.
While in college, Lang noticed the name and address of the Origami Center of America, and he soon became friends with other experienced paperfolders, including Michael LaFosse, John Montroll, Joseph Wu, and Paul Jackson. They inspired Lang with their pretty and complex models, and he soon created new models; he designed a hermit crab, an ant, a skunk, and many other others. Soon afterwards, he took a trip to Germany, where he was fascinated by their beautiful cuckoo clocks. They inspired him to make origami clocks, which impressed many paperfolders. Soon after completing his first origami clock, Lang began a job at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

In 2000, Lang decided to quit his job and begin a career in origami.

In 2011, Lang discussed his work in an interview with Peter Shea at the University of Minnesota.

In 2018, Lang and Pei Haozheng attended the Chinese version of Super Brain, a competitive reality show on Jiangsu Satellite TV.

Books 
Lang has written nine books about origami:

Notes
Notes

References 

American physicists
Scientists from Ohio
Origami
Writers from Dayton, Ohio
1961 births
Living people
Lent, in the Christian tradition, is a period of about six weeks before Easter. It is a time in which Christians are supposed to be quiet and thoughtful, preparing themselves for Easter.  They should pray a lot, give money to charities and give up some of the things they might otherwise do for pleasure.  The period of Lent ends at Easter, which is a time of great celebration as the Christians think of how Jesus had died on the cross but then rose again from the dead.

Lent is traditionally supposed to be forty days long. That is because the Bible says that Jesus spent forty days in the wilderness, preparing for his death and resurrection.

Lent begins on Ash Wednesday. In the Catholic Church, it ends at the Ninth Hour of Maundy Thursday (44 days). In The Anglican Catholic Church, it ends on Holy Saturday (46 days).
Churches in the Byzantine tradition (for example, Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic) count the days of Lent differently.  There are also different local traditions in the Oriental Orthodox church.

Lent is traditionally a time for fasting (not eating much).  This tradition was useful because it was a time when food which had been kept for the winter had to be eaten up before it went bad. Many Roman Catholics do not eat meat other than fish on Fridays during Lent.

The word "lent" came from the Old English lencten meaning "spring" (the season).

Related pages 
 Ash Wednesday
 Carnival
 Easter
 Eastern Orthodox Church: Fasting
 Good Friday
 Maundy Thursday
 People's Sunday
 Quinquagesima
 Shrove Tuesday

Other websites
American Catholic 

Liturgical calendar
Oskar Schindler (April 28, 1908 – October 9, 1974) was a Sudeten German industrialist. He was born in Zwittau, Moravia, Austria-Hungary and was a Roman Catholic.

Schindler was a member of the NSDAP from 1939-1945. He saved almost 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by making them work in his enamelware and ammunitions factories, which were in what is known today as Poland and the Czech Republic. He is the subject of the novel Schindler's Ark, and the movie based on it, Schindler's List. He died of liver failure in Hildesheim, West Germany. He is buried in the Catholic Cemetery on Mount Zion, Jerusalem.

References 

1908 births
1974 deaths
Czech businesspeople
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in Germany
German businesspeople
Former Roman Catholics
Humanitarians
Nazis
World War II people
Righteous Among the Nations
Donna Karan (born October 2, 1951) is an American fashion designer and the creator of the Donna Karan New York and DKNY clothing labels.

Early life
She was born in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City. She is Jewish.

American fashion designers
American Jews
Businesspeople from New York City
1951 births
Living people
Wisteria is a type of plant. It is a climbing shrub with blue/lilac flowers. The plant only flowers after a being a few years old but when it does the flowers have a very sweet fragrance. It looses its leaves in winter. The seeds come in pods and are disc shaped.

Faboideae
Epiphytes
The moment magnitude scale is a way to measure the power of earthquakes. It is the energy of the earthquake at the moment it happens. Like the similar and older Richter scale, it is logarithmic, with a base of ten. This means that an earthquake with a magnitude of 2 is ten times stronger than an earthquake with a magnitude of 1.

Related pages
Mercalli intensity scale
Richter scale

Other websites 
What is Richter Magnitude?

Earthquakes
Measurement
Basic English (Business Academic Scientific International Commercial) is a controlled language used to explain complex thoughts. It has 850 basic English words chosen by Charles Kay Ogden. Some articles in the Simple English Wikipedia use only Basic English.

In 1937, Ogden hired Otto Neurath and Marie Neurath to make International Picture Language as one of a group of eight books in Basic English.

Rules of word use 
The word use of Basic English is simpler and more regular than the word use of normal English. In normal English, words often have a number of different meanings. To make Basic English easier, not all the meanings of a word are used.
Basic English uses Ogden's rules of grammar. Ogden's rules of grammar let people use the 850 words to talk about things and events simply.
-s / -es / -ies change singular nouns into plural nouns.
-ing / -ed change verbs into adjectives.
-ing / -er change verbs into nouns.
-ly changes adjectives into adverbs.
-er / -est or more / most describe amounts.
un- changes the meanings of adjectives into their opposites.
The opposite word order with do makes questions.
'Operators' (verbs) and pronouns change as in normal English.
Make combined words (compounds) from two nouns (for example "football") or a noun and a direction ("sundown").
Measures, numbers, money, days, months, years, clock time, and international words are in English forms. E.g. Date/Time: 20 May 1972 at 21:00
Use the words of an industry or science. For example, in this grammar, some special words are for teaching languages, and not part of Basic English: plural, conjugation, noun, adjective, adverb, qualifier, operator, pronoun, and directive.
Related pages 
 Basic English alphabetical wordlist
 Basic English ordered wordlist
 Basic English picture wordlist – 200 Picturable words

 Basic English international wordlist
 Basic English compound wordlist
 Basic English combined wordlist
 Related resources
 List of simple adjectives
 List of simple verbs
Plain English Campaign
International auxiliary language
Simplified English
Français fondamental

References 

 Ogden C.K. 1940. General Basic English dictionary. London: Evans Brothers. 
 The dictionary for Simple English

Other websites 
 Ogden's Basic English 
 Basic English Utility
Automatic online simplifying and summarizing tool. - Detect language and convert to Basic English or summarize many documents into standard or Basic English, reading material and Basic English course included.

Basic English
The fork-tailed woodnymph (Thalurania furcata) is a species of hummingbird. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and degraded former forests.

Birds of South America
Hummingbirds
The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a very strong earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010. On the scientific scale that measures the magnitude (or strength) of an earthquake, the quake scored a magnitude of 7.3 Mw. The center of the earthquake was near Léogâne, very close to Port-au-Prince, the capital and largest city of Haiti. It was only about  west. The earthquake hit in the afternoon, at 16:53:10 local time (21:53:10 UTC). Haiti already was the poorest country in the western hemisphere, and was not able to take care of all the people that needed help. It is the one of the deadliest earthquakes in the world.

Damage and death
About three million people were affected by the earthquake; many homes were destroyed. Three days after the earthquake, the Haitian Interior Minister said that up to 200,000 had died because of the quake and its effects. This was many more deaths than officials originally thought. At first, the Red Cross had guessed a much smaller death toll of 45,000–50,000
Most hospitals in the area were destroyed, which made things much worse. The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) in Port-au-Prince collapsed. The Mission's Chief (Hédi Annabi), his deputy, and the acting police commissioner were killed in the quake. Elisabeth Byrs of the United Nations (UN) called the earthquake the worst disaster the United Nations had ever had. This was not just because of the property damage and deaths from the earthquake. The roads, phone lines and government buildings of the UN in Haiti and the Haitian government were also destroyed, so trying to just get organized and get help to the people was a real problem.  So many people died in such a short time, that they used dump trucks to haul the dead bodies to mass graves.
Response 
 After the earthquake, many charities and organizations asked people around the world to help Haiti. The International Red Cross, the Salvation Army, the United Nations, and president René Préval all asked the world for help. Raymond Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the United States, and his nephew, famous singer Wyclef Jean, also begged people to give money. (A few years before the earthquake, President Preval had asked Jean to become a "roving ambassador" for Haiti.)

Many different countries started raising money and sent medical teams or search and rescue teams to Haiti. The Dominican Republic, which is next to Haiti, was the first country to give aid. This helped reduce some bad feelings between the two countries that had been there a long time.
But it takes a long time to rebuild a city and the area around it.  Just finding places to move all the broken parts of buildings was difficult.  And countries promise money to help rebuild, but it takes a while to get the money, and in most disasters, only half the money that is promised is actually sent. (This doesn't count millions of dollars that people gave directly). For years many people were living in tents, wherever they could find room.  And workers for the UN introduced cholera to the country in October 2010, which made many people sick and killed thousands more. The country is still recovering to this day.

References 

23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8455629.stm

2010 earthquakes
2010 in North America
2010s disasters in North America
2010s in Haiti
Earthquakes in Haiti
January events
2010 disasters
21st century in Jamaica
2010s in the Bahamas
Earthquakes in the 2010s
Geography of Haiti
Port-au-Prince
Rödermark is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.

Geography 

Rödermark is in the Rhine Main area  southeast of Frankfurt. The whole area of the town is  large and it is  above sea level. It is a plain area with nearly no hills.

About 20 to 35 million years ago in the age of tertiary, the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The town consists out of the 2 former independent villages Ober-Roden and Urberach. On 1 January 1977 they were united and became the municipality of Rödermark. On 23 August 1980 the town privileges were given to the municipality.

The city has 5 urban districts. These are Ober-Roden, Urberach, Waldacker, Messenhausen and Buhlau.

The ending -roden is a hint to the former landscape. The German verb roden means cutting down trees to cultivate land.
The neighbours of Rödermark are: 
 Dietzenbach (North)
 Rodgau (East)
 Eppertshausen and Messel (South)
 Dreieich (West)

Rödermark has 27,858 inhabitants (2008). 10.7% of the people living here are from foreign countries.

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.

Some local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch). This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every village had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and mostly it is no longer the dialect they speak but a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

The first settlements were build in the 8th century. At that time their names were written down in documents.
Formerly the people in the Rödermark area were farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the Rhine Main area got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working and leather manufacturing, also chemical processing. Many men got workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Tramin, Italy
  Saalfelden, Austria
  Bodajk, Hungary

References 

Offenbach (district)
The Pirate Bay (shortname:TPB) is a Swedish website that indexes Bit Torrent files. It was created by Gottfrid Svartholm, Fredrik Neij and Peter Sunde. The Pirate Bay is ranked as the 85th most popular website by Alexa. The Pirate Bay had to face many lawsuits and a raid in relation to copyright violations. It was shut down on December 9, 2014 by Swedish police, and came back online on January 31, 2015.
Also, it may put a virus on your PC.

References

Other websites 
 

Websites
File sharing
Copyright
Heusenstamm is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.

Geography 

Heusenstamm is in the rhein main region  southeast of Frankfurt. The whole area of the town is  large and is  above sea level. It is a plain area with no hills.

About 35 to 20 million years ago in the age of tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The city consists out of 2 urban districts, the town of Heusenstamm and the former independent village, Rembrücken, which became on 1th of January 1977 part of Heusenstamm.

The neighbours of Heusenstamm are: 
 in the north Offenbach, 
 in the east Obertshausen and Rodgau, 
 in the south Dietzenbach and 
 in the west Dreieich.

Heusenstamm has 18,227 inhabitants (2008).

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.
The local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is spoken in the south of Hesse, named hessisch. This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every place had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and the majority of them does not speak the real dialect. They rather speak a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

In the 13th century the names of Heusenstamm and Rembrücken were written down in documents for the first time.
Formerly the people in the Heusenstamm area were mostly farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore, most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the rhein main region got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working and leather manufacturing, also chemical processing. Many men got workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Saint-Savin, France
  Tonbridge, England
  Malle, Belgium
  Ladispoli, Italy

References

Other websites 

Official website of Heusenstamm

Offenbach (district)
Saint Catherine of Alexandria, also known as Saint Catherine of the Wheel and The Great Martyr Saint Catherine (Greek ) is a Christian saint and martyr. She is believed to have been a well-known scholar in the 4th century. In the 15th century it was claimed she had spoken to Joan of Arc. The Orthodox Church venerates her as a "great martyr", and in the Catholic Church she is traditionally revered as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers.

Catherine was the daughter of Costus, a pagan governor of Alexandria. She announced to her parents that she would only marry someone who was more beautiful, intelligent and rich than herself. In addition, that person needed to have a better social status than she had. Eventually, she discovered Christ. "His beauty was more radiant than the shining of the sun, His wisdom governed all creation, His riches were spread throughout all the world."
She was a martyr, because she died for her beliefs in God. According to legend, she was supposed to die on a breaking wheel, but the wheel broke as soon as she touched it, so her head was cut off instead. Because of this, her main symbol is the spiked wheel, which is known as a Catherine wheel. The Catholic Church of St. Catherine, one of the first Catholic churches built in Russia, was named after her.

Other websites 
 Pagbilao Church  - Saint Catherine of Alexandria Church
 Iconographical Themes in Art - Saint Catherine of Alexandria

References 

280s births
305 deaths
People from Alexandria
Christian saints
Seed plants are a group of plants. Gymnosperms and angiosperms form the group. 

Their seeds have three parts: (1) an embryo, (2) a supply of nutrients for the embryo, and (3) a seed coat. They are also called spermatophytes or phanerogams. The seed plants dominate almost all the environments on land.

The living spermatophytes are in five groups: 

Cycads, a subtropical and tropical group of plants with a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk
Ginkgo, a single living species of tree
Conifers, cone-bearing trees and shrubs
Gnetophyta, woody plants in the genera Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ephedra 
Angiosperms, the flowering plants, a large group including many familiar plants in a wide variety of habitats
The fossil seed ferns (Pteridospermatophyta) were one of the earliest successful groups of land plants. Forests dominated by seed ferns were common in the Permian. Glossopteris was a widespread tree genus in the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana in the Permian period. By the Triassic period, seed ferns had declined, and modern gymnosperm groups were abundant. Gymnosperms were dominant to the Upper Cretaceous, when the angiosperms radiated. Angiosperms are the most common plants today, though there are still large pine forests in the northern hemisphere.

Related pages 
Seed

Plant taxonomy
Seed plants
Andros is an island of Greece. It is the second biggest island of the Cyclades group. It is in the northwest of Cyclades group near Euboea island. Its total area is . 10,009 people lived there according to the 2001 Greek census. The biggest town of Andros is Andros city.

Andros is mountainous island with gorges and cliffs which end up at the sea. The plants include many flowers, bushes and a few trees mainly in the center of island. The island has many beautiful beaches and beautiful landscape and thanks to these the island is popular for tourists.

Other websites 
 Andros island, Cyclades Greece 

Islands of Greece
Dietzenbach is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany. The town is also the capital of the Offenbach Rural District (Landkreis Offenbach)

Geography 

Dietzenbach is in the Rhine-Main area  southeast of Frankfurt. The whole area of the town is  large and it is  above sea level. It is a plain area with nearly no hills.

About 35 to 20 million years ago in the age of tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The city consists out of the urban districts Neue Stadtmitte, Spessartviertel, Altstadt, Steinberg, Hexenberg and Wingertsberg.

The neighbours of Dietzenbach are: 
 Heusenstamm (north)
 Rodgau (east)
 Rödermark (south)
 Dreieich (west)
Dietzenbach has 33,067 inhabitants (2008). About 30% of the people living here are from foreign countries. They come from many different nations.

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.

Some local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch) and is spoken in the south of Hesse. This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every place had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and the majority of them does not speak the real dialect. They rather speak a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

In the 13th century the name of Dietzenbach was written down in a document for the first time.
Formerly the people in the Dietzenbach area were mostly farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the Rhine-Main area got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working, leather manufacturing and chemical processing. Many men became workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
  Masaya, Nicaragua
  Rakovník, Czech Republic
  Neuhaus am Rennweg, Germany
  Oconomowoc, USA
  Kostjukovitschi, Belarus

References

Other websites 

Official website of Dietzenbach

Offenbach (district)
The octet rule is a general rule of thumb that applies to most atoms. It states that every atom might want to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell.

Background
According to the Bohr model, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by a number of electrons. In an ordinary atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. If it has more or fewer electrons, it is an ion. In addition, the electrons orbit in electron shells. Each shell can only contain a certain number of electrons before new electrons must migrate to the next shell or "energy level." Starting with the third energy level, however, electrons sometimes move up a level even before the current one is full.
The rule
Every atom tries to have 8 electrons in its outermost (or valence) shell. This may require them to give up, share, or take electrons. As stated above, the number of electrons normally equals the number of protons. This means that some atoms are "happier" than others. For example, neon, as with other noble gases, naturally has 8 valence electrons. (10 total - 2 in the 1st energy level = 8 in the 2nd) Not surprisingly, neon hardly ever reacts with anything. (Neon lights require high voltages to work.) By contrast, the atoms in the Alkaline metals column, such as sodium, have only one valence electron, with a layer containing 8 electrons in the shell below. This means that sodium only has to give up one valence electron in order to complete the octet rule, and will do so if given the chance, hence why sodium is so chemically reactive. 

Chemistry
Dreieich is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.

Geography 

Dreieich is in the Rhine Main area. Its northern urban district Sprendlingen is  south of Frankfurt. In the south it touches the City of Darmstadt. The whole area of the town is . It is  above sea level. It is a plain area with no hills.

About 35 to 20 million years ago in the Age of Tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The city consists out of the towns Dreieichenhain and Sprendlingen and the 3 former independent villages Buchschlag, Götzenhain and Offenthal, all now urban districts of Dreieich. On 1 January 1977 they were united and became the City of Dreieich.
The name Dreieich means three oaks. This is a hint to the former landscape. In the Middle Ages the Dreieich area was a huge forest with a lot of wild animals, where only the emperor had the right of hunting.

The neighbours of Dreieich are: 
 Neu-Isenburg (North)
 Rödermark, Dietzenbach and Heusenstamm (East)
 Messel (Darmstadt-Dieburg Rural District) and Darmstadt (South)
 Langen (West)

Dreieich has 40,432 inhabitants (2008).

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.
Some local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch). This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every place had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and the majority of them does not speak the real dialect. They rather speak a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

In the 9th century the names of Sprendlingen and Offenthal were written down in documents for the first time. But people think, that especially Sprendlingen is much older because of its name. They say the name was given by the Alamanni, a band of west germanic tribes (see also: germanic peoples), which had settled in the area a long time before.
Formerly the people in the Dreieich area were mostly farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore, most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the Rhine Main area got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working and leather manufacturing, also chemical processing. Many men got workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Montier-en-Der, France
  Joinville, France
  Bleiswijk, Netherlands
  Oisterwijk, Netherlands
  Stafford, Great Britain

References

Other websites 

Official website of Dreieich, looked up on 17 January 2010, German.
, looked up on 17 January 2010, German.

Offenbach (district)
(Mapudungun for small forest ) is a city and commune of the central zone (centre part) of Chile. It is the capital of the Province of Cardenal Caro.

The beach of Pichilemu is called one of the best beaches in the world for surfing. The most famous beach in Pichilemu is Punta de Lobos, where competitions are often held. The city has become a beach resort.

History 

Promoucaes were the first people that populated Pichilemu. They were hunter gatherers and fishermen.

In 1887, President José Manuel Balmaceda decreed Pichilemu as a minor dock.

José Toribio Medina did his first archeological investigations in Pichilemu, and he published in 1908 Los Restos Indígenas de Pichilemu. He said there that Pedro de Valdivia gave land in what is now central Chile to Juan Gómez de Almagro on February 24, 1544. Pichilemu was between the areas of the Palloquierbico, Topocalma, and Gulaquien.

The name Pichilemu comes from the Mapudungún words  (little) and  (forest).
Pichilemu has become the historic capital of the province called Cardenal Caro which is named for the first Chilean Catholic Church Cardinal. His father was the first mayor in the city.

Agustín Ross Edwards was a Chilean writer, Member of Parliament, minister and politician.
Ross was very rich and based on his European background, he bought a 300-hectare piece of land and named it "La Posada" (), or Petren Fund, in 1885. Ross designed an urban place of high environmental value and landscape, turning "La Posada" into a hotel (Great Hotel Pichilemu, later Hotel Ross, or Ross Hotel), and building a casino, embankments, stone walls, a balcony facing the beach. Additionally, he built a park and a forest of more than 10 hectares. Agustín Ross turned Pichilemu into a summer resort town for the people from Santiago. Some of his buildings were named National Monuments.

Geography and climate