Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Đurić began teaching at the Law School of Belgrade University in 1954 and received tenure in 1969. At the Law School he taught History of politics theories, General sociology, and Social science methodology classes. He lost his tenure at the University and was jailed in 1973 because of his public speech, given on March 18. 1971. From 1974. to 1989. he worked as a scholar at the Social Science Institute in Belgrade. In the same period he was a visiting philosophy professor at West Berlin, Augsburg University.

Along with professor Jozef Simon and as a philosopher, Đurić was head of the Nietsche philosophy international seminars from 1981. to 1991. at the Dubrovnik Inter-university Center, Dubrovnik Yugoslavia. 

Đurić, for contribution to the philosophical and legal sciences, won the international Prize "Prof. Luigi Tartufari" from the prominent National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Italy, in 2009.

References
References

1925 births
2011 deaths
20th-century philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Political scientists
Serbian scientists
Social scientists
Marianne Stone (August 23, 1922 – December 21, 2009) was an English character actress. She appeared in many movies from the early 1940s through the late 1980s. She usually played landladies, barmaids and other working-class women. She played Mavis in The Angry Silence (1960). In Lolita (1962), she played Vivian Darkbloom.

Stone was born in London, England. She died there at age 87.

English television actors
English movie actors
Actors from London
1922 births
2009 deaths
Lolita is a 1962 British-American drama movie. It set in the 1950s in the United States. It is based on the novel Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov. It was directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is about a middle-aged man Humbert Humbert (James Mason) who becomes obsessed with Lolita, a girl in her early teens. He marries her mother as a means of having a sexual relationship with Lolita. Sue Lyon plays Dolores "Lolita" Haze. Shelley Winters plays Lolita's mother Charlotte Haze.

This movie was released on June 13, 1962.

1962 drama movies
1960s erotic movies
American drama movies
1960s British drama movies
1960s English-language movies
Incest in movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Stanley Kubrick
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies about child sexual abuse
Movies about orphans
Sue Lyon (July 10, 1946 – December 26, 2019) was an American actress. She played Dolores "Lolita" Haze in the 1962 movie Lolita. She also played Charlotte in The Night of the Iguana. In 1963, she won a Golden Globe Award.

Lyon was born in Davenport, Iowa. She was married to screenwriter Hampton Fancher from 1963 until they divorced in 1965. Lyon died of a long-illness in Los Angeles at the age of 73.

References

Golden Globe Award winning actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Actors from Davenport, Iowa
1946 births
2019 deaths
The iPhone 5S is a smartphone that is designed and made by Apple Inc. It was released on September 20, 2013. Apple held an event to introduce the iPhone 5S, along with the iPhone 5C, on September 10, 2013. It has the same design as the iPhone 5, but has new features such as the Touch ID fingerprint scanner and an improved camera.

References

5S
Mobile phones released in 2013
Apple products released in 2013
Facilities and attractions 
There will be multiple educational and recreational attractions for residents and visitors of all ages in The KAFD. KAFD will feature museums, exhibitions, malls, hotels, restaurants, conference centers and auditoriums. Such as, the Aquarium, the Conference Center, the Built Environment Museum, the Earth's Climate Center, the Science Museum, the Relaxation Health Club, and the Interactive Children's Museum. Also, there will be seven uniquely designed mosques spread throughout the KAFD. Also, every building will have footbridges that will connect one building to another. That will make traveling through buildings easy.
Further, the monorail train that will travel through the whole district.
Space and capacity 
The King Abdullah Financial District will span an area of 1.6 million square meters that consists of 34 towers in total. The KAFD will cover over 3 million square meters of space for different purposes such as residential, parking, and office spaces. KAFD will house 12,000 residents and in addition, it will have 62,000 parking spaces.

Banks and headquarters 
The King Abdullah Financial District will have the headquarters of the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadwul).
Added to that, the KAFD will also accommodate a financial academy, and a number of banks, companies and other financial institutions.

Architecture and design 
Bombardier Inc has been given a SR904- million ($241-million) contract to build a monorail system for the King Abdullah Financial District. KAFD’s architecture is designed and is being supervised by Henning Larsen Architects. Moreover, Zaha Hadid Architects will design the KAFD’s metro station.

References 

Riyadh
Statistics uses variables to describe a measurement. Such a variable is called statistically significant if under a certain status quo assumption, the probability of obtaining its outcome (or a more extreme outcome) is less than a given value. Statistical significance is hence a way of determining the unlikeliness of an experimental result—when a certain status quo assumption is assumed to be true.  Statistical hypothesis tests are used to check significance. 

The concept of statistical significance was originated by Ronald Fisher in his 1925 publication, Statistical Methods for Research Workers, when he developed statistical hypothesis testing (which he described as "tests of significance"). Fisher suggested a probability of one in twenty (0.05 or 5%)—as a convenient cutoff level to reject the null hypothesis. In their 1933 paper, Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson recommended that the significance level (for example 0.05), which they called α, be set before any data collection.
Despite his initial suggestion of 0.05 as a significance level, Fisher did not intend this cutoff value to be fixed. In his 1956 publication Statistical methods and scientific inference, he recommended that significant levels be set according to specific circumstances.

Related pages 

 p-value

References

Statistics
NGC 6193 is an open cluster of 27 stars in the constellation of Ara. It is about 3,765 light-years away, and it can be seen by eye from Earth. 

NGC 6193 lies at the centre of the Ara OB1 association. The cluster radiates energy to the  nearby regions of the nebulosity NGC 6188.

At its centre are two O class multiple star systems within 10" of each other, and a probable binary B0 giant. These are very hot large stars. They are part of the multiple star system HD 150136. There are four stars which are each 36 to 63 times more massive than the Sun, 6 to ten times hotter, and each is more than 10,000 times as bright (luminosity) as the Sun.

References 

Open star clusters
M43 is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is about 1,600 light-years away from Earth. It is part of the Orion nebula.

Nebulae
M78 is a reflection nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is about 1,600 light-years away from Earth. It is part of the Orion complex.

Nebulae
Barnard's Loop is an emission nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is about 1,600 light-years away from Earth. It is part of the Orion complex. It is a semicircular arc that is about 300 light-years across. In the center of Bernard's Loop are two nebula. These are the Orion nebula and the Horsehead nebula. Barnard’s Loop is made up of Plasma. The mainly red color comes from hydrogen gas.

Related pages
 Orion (constellation)
 Nebulae

References

Other websites
 Barnard's Loop (Sh2-276)
 Barnard's Loop and more in Orion-Today's image-EarthSky
 APOD: 2005 April 20 - Barnard's Loop Around Orion

Nebulae
NGC 1999 (nicknamed the "keyhole nebula") is a reflection nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is about 1,500 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
NGC 2174 (also named the Monkey Head Nebula) is an emission nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is about 6,400 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
The Trifid Nebula is an emission nebula in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is a large H II region that is bright enough to be viewed with binoculars. The Trifid nebula is about 5,200 light-years away from Earth. It gets its name trifid from its three visible dust lanes.

References 

Nebulae
NGC 6559 is an star forming region in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is about 5,000 light years from earth. About 7 light years across, it is a dense cloud of dust that hides other stars.

References 

Nebulae
The Omega Nebula (nicknamed the Swan Nebula) is an H II region in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is about 5,500 light-years away from Earth. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux in 1745. Charles Messier added it to his catalog as M17 on the night of 3 June 1764. M17 has more names than any other deep-sky object. In addition to the Omega Nebula and Swan Nebula, it is also called the Horseshoe Nebula, the Checkmark Nebula and the Lobster Nebula. Omega can be seen through binoculars or a small telescope.

References 

Nebulae
Bengt Hennings is a dansband from Länghem in Sweden. The band was established in 1967.  By the late 2000s and the early 2010s, the band scored album chart successes in Sweden.

The band participated at Dansbandskampen 2008. The band made it further from the first programme together with Scotts, before getting knocked out by Larz-Kristerz in the second programme. The band was then revoted into the finals. The band's wind section won a Guldklaven Award in 2008 in the year wind musicians of the year. The band has also participated in the documentary film Får jag lov - till den sista dansen?.

Discography

Albums
Bengt Hennings 93 - 1993
Bengt Hennings 95 - 1995 (CD-single, five songs)
Studio & live - 2001
Alla dessa underbara år - 2003
Bäst av allt - 2007
Låt kärleken slå till - 2009
Golden Hits - 2011
Scenen är vår - 2012

References

Other websites
Bengt Hennings' website

Dansbands
Musical groups established in 1967
Swedish musical groups
1960s establishments in Sweden
1967 establishments in Europe
Lövgrens is a dansband from Billesholm in Sweden. The band was established in 1994. In the early 2010s, the band has scored album chart successes in Sweden. The band was called Claes Lövgrens until July 2017. It was named after singer Claes Lövgren. The band's drummer Johan Fredriksson was awarded the "drummer of the year" in 2007.

Lövgrens has played together since 1994. Since new-year 2002-2003, the band is a full-time band, touring all over Sweden

Discography

Albums
Rosor från himlen - 2001
Dansvänliga låtar - 2005
Dansvänliga låtar 2 - 2008
Vi lever nu - 2010
Bästa - 2013
Vi börjar igen! - 2014

References

Other websites
Official website

Dansbands
Musical groups established in 1994
Swedish musical groups
The Sugarloaf Cable Car; ) is a cableway in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It moves between Praia Vermelha and the inselberg Sugarloaf Mountain. It stops at Morro da Urca (at ) on its way up and down. It reaches the summit of the  mountain.

The cableway was envisioned by the engineer Augusto Ferreira Ramos in 1908. He sought support from well-known figures of Rio de Janeiro's high society to promote its construction. It was opened in 1912

References

Other websites

 

1912 establishments in Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
Juan Carlos Ferrero Donat (born February 12, 1980) is a Spanish retired professional tennis player. He won the French Open in 2003.  Ferrero was ranked world number 1 from September 8 to November 2 in the same year.

References 

1980 births
French Open champions
Living people
Male tennis players
Spanish tennis players
World No. 1 tennis players
Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov (born February 18, 1974) is a retired Russian professional tennis player. He won the French Open in 1996 and the Australian Open in 1999. Kafelnikov was world ranked number one from May 3 to June 13 1999. He also won four Grand Slam doubles titles. Kafelnikov won the Men's Singles Gold medal at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000. He also helped Russia win the Davis Cup in 2002. He is the last man to have won both the Men's Singles and Doubles titles at the same Grand Slam tournament, which he did at the 1996 French Open.

References 

1974 births
Australian Open champions
French Open champions
Living people
Male tennis players
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Russian tennis players
World No. 1 tennis players
María José Alvarado Muñoz (19 July 1995 –13 November 2014) was an Honduran beauty queen and Miss Honduras World 2014. She was scheduled to compete at the Miss World 2014 contest in London in December 2014, but was murdered before to the event. 

Alvarado was found dead on November 19, 2014 in Cablotales, Honduras. She was 19 years old.

References

Other websites
 María José Alvarado, Miss Honduras Mundo (1995-2014) (Obituary) - El Heraldo 

1995 births
2014 deaths
Murder victims
Honduran people
Beauty pageant winners
Ramón Hoyos Vallejo (26 May 1932- 19 November 2014) was a Colombian road bicycle racer. He won the men's individual road race at the 1959 Pan American Games. He represented his native country twice at the Summer Olympics; in 1956 and 1960.

Hoyos died of a heart attack in Bogota, Colombia, aged 82.

References

1932 births
2014 deaths
1956 Summer Olympics
1960 Summer Olympics
Colombian cyclists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Gerald Otieno Kajwang (15 July 1959 – 18 November 2014) was a Kenyan politician. He was a member of the Orange Democratic Movement. He was elected to represent the Mbita Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the Kenyan parliamentary election, 2007. In the 2013 elections, Kajwang was elected to represent Homa Bay county as a senator.

Kajwang died on 19 November 2014 at Mater hospital from cardiac arrest, aged 55.

References

Other websites
 Hon. Gerald Otieno Kajwang memorial

1959 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Kenyan politicians
Makerere University alumni
Gholam Hossein Mazloumi (13 January 1950 – 19 November 2014) was an Iranian football player, coach and football administrator. He was born in Abadan, Iran.

He played for three clubs - Taj Abadan, Taj Tehran (Esteghlal), and Shahbaz FC, as well as the Iranian national team. He also managed Esteghlal from 1988 to 1989.

During his time as a football player, he scored 37 goals for Iran national football team and was Iran's all-time top scorer for twelve years before his record was broken by Ali Daei. He was top scorer at the 1974 Asian Games and 1976 AFC Asian Cup.

He was chairman of Shahin Bushehr from 2011 to 2013 and also honorary deputy chairman of Esteghlal. He died on 19 November 2014 in Tehran, Iran, aged 64, two years after being diagnosed with stomach cancer.

References

Other websites
Gholam Hossein Mazloumi at TeamMelli.com

1950 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in Iran
Iranian footballers
Iranian football managers
Gregory Stuart "Greg" Lake (10 November 1947 – 7 December 2016) was an English musician. He was born in Poole, Dorset. He began his career in 1966.

Lake was the founder of the rock band King Crimson. He was later the lead singer in the group Emerson, Lake and Palmer.

Lake died in London on 7 December 2016 from pancreatic cancer, aged 69.

Discography

Emerson, Lake & Palmer
Studio albums
 Emerson, Lake & Palmer (1970)
 Tarkus (1971)
 Trilogy (1972)
 Brain Salad Surgery (1973)
 Works Volume 1 (1977)
 Works Volume 2 (1977)
 Love Beach (1978)
 Black Moon (1992)
 In the Hot Seat (1994)

References

1947 births
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
Musicians from Dorset
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
People from Poole
2016 deaths
Progressive rock singers
Leon Askin (Leon Aschkenasy; September 18, 1907 – June 3, 2005) was an Austrian movie and television actor. He was best known for playing the character "General Burkhalter" on the TV situation comedy Hogan's Heroes. Askin was born in Vienna, Austria.

Askin died in Vienna, Austria from natural causes, aged 97.

References

Other websites

Literature on Leon Askin

1907 births
2005 deaths
Austrian movie actors
Austrian television actors
Actors from Vienna
Werner Herzog Stipetić (; born 5 September 1942 in Munich, Germany), known as Werner Herzog, is a German movie director, producer, screenwriter, author, actor and opera director. He is known for directing science fiction or just fiction movies and documentary films. Herzog is thought to be one of the greatest German movie directors.

Filmography

Fiction feature films
Signs of Life (1968)
Even Dwarfs Started Small (1970)
Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972)
The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (1974)
Heart of Glass (1976)
Stroszek (1977)
Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979)
Woyzeck (1979)
Fitzcarraldo (1982)
Where the Green Ants Dream (1984)
Cobra Verde (1987)
Scream of Stone (1991)
Invincible (2001)
The Wild Blue Yonder (2005)
Rescue Dawn (2006)
Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009)
My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? (2009)
Queen of the Desert (2015)
Salt and Fire (2016)
Fiction short films
Herakles (1962)
Game in the Sand (1964)
The Unprecedented Defence of the Fortress Deutschkreuz (1966)
Last Words (1968)
Precautions Against Fanatics (1969)
No One Will Play with Me (1976)
Les Gaulois (1988)
Documentary feature films
The Flying Doctors of East Africa (1969)
Handicapped Future (1971)
Land of Silence and Darkness (1971)
Fata Morgana (1971)
The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner (1974)
How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (1976)
Huie's Sermon (1981)
God's Angry Man (1981)
Ballad of the Little Soldier (1984)
The Dark Glow of the Mountains (1984)
Herdsmen of the Sun (1989)
Echoes from a Sombre Empire (1990)
Jag Mandir (1991)
Lessons of Darkness (1992)
Bells from the Deep (1993)
The Transformation of the World into Music (1994)
Gesualdo: Death for Five Voices (1995)
Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1997)
Wings of Hope (1998)
My Best Fiend (1999)
Wheel of Time (2003)
The White Diamond (2004)
Grizzly Man (2005)
Encounters at the End of the World (2007)
Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2010)
Happy People: A Year in the Taiga (2010)
Into the Abyss (2011)
Lo & Behold, Reveries of the Connected World (2016)
Into the Inferno (2016)
Documentary short films
La Soufrière (1977)
Portrait Werner Herzog (1986)
Christ and Demons in New Spain (1999)
Pilgrimage (2001)
Ten Thousand Years Older (2002)
La Bohème (2009)
Ode to the Dawn of Man (2011)
From One Second to the Next (2013)

Television series
On Death Row (2012-2013, 8 Episodes)
Filmstunde (1991-1992, 4 Episodes)

Screenwriter
Films written, not directed, by Herzog:

Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe (1980)

Herzog has written all his films, except these which he co-wrote:

Heart of Glass (1976)
Scream of Stone (1991)
Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009)
My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? (2009)

Herzog has also co-written:

Hunger in the world explained to my son (El hambre en el mundo explicada a mi hijo) (2002)
Incident at Loch Ness (2004)
Happy People: A Year in the Taiga (2010)
Actor
Geschichten vom Kübelkind (1971)
Man of Flowers (1983)
Bride of the Orient  (1989)
Hard to Be a God (1990)
Tales from the Opera (1994)
Burning Heart (1995)
What Dreams May Come (1998)
Julien Donkey-Boy (1999)
Incident at Loch Ness (2004)
Mister Lonely (2007)
The Grand (2007)
Plastic Bag (2009)
The Boondocks (Season 3) Ep. 31: "It's a Black President, Huey Freeman" (air date May 2, 2010) – voice role
 The Simpsons Ep. 479 (2011) – voice role
Metalocalypse (Season 4, recurring character) (2012) – voice role
American Dad! Ep. 132 (2012) – voice role
Dinotasia (2012) – narrator
Jack Reacher (2012)
Home from Home (2013)
The Wind Rises (English version) (2013) – voice role
Penguins of Madagascar (2014) – voice role
Parks and Recreation (2015)
Rick and Morty Season 2 Ep. 8: "Interdimensional Cable 2: Tempting Fate" (2015) – voice role

Producer
A Gray State (2017)

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
 
Encounters with Herzog - a film competition. Judged by Herzog on the independent filmmakers networking community Shooting People. 

1942 births
Living people
German movie actors
German screenwriters
German television actors
German voice actors
German stage actors
German movie directors
German movie producers
German theatre directors
Actors from Munich
Writers from Munich
Life Itself is a 2014 American biographical-documentary movie directed by Steve James. It is a biopic on the life and career of movie critic Roger Ebert. Movie directors such as Martin Scorsese and Werner Herzog appear in the documentary. It was released on July 4, 2014 to very positive reviews. It has a 98% on Rotten Tomatoes.

2014 movies
American biographical movies
Foxcatcher is a 2014 American biographical-drama movie directed by Bennett Miller. It is about how American philanthropist John Eleuthère du Pont killed an Olympian's brother in 1996. It stars Steve Carell, Channing Tatum, Mark Ruffalo, Vanessa Redgrave, and Anthony Michael Hall. It was released on a limited time on November 14, 2014 and will have an extended released in 2015.

Release dates 

2014 movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Lolita is a 1997 French-American drama movie. It is set in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the United States. It is about a relationship between a man in his forties and a 14 year old girl named Lolita after he marries her mother. Dominique Swain plays Dolores "Lolita" Haze. Jeremy Irons plays Humbert Humbert. Melanie Griffith plays Charlotte Haze. Frank Langella plays Clare Quilty, who lures Lolita away to perform in pornography.

The film had difficulty finding an American distributor and premiered in Europe before being released in America. The film was eventually picked up in the United States by Showtime, a cable network, before finally being released theatrically by The Samuel Goldwyn Company.

The movie got good reviews from the critics. It did poorly at the box office.

It was the second movie made from the book Lolita.

Cast
Cast

 Jeremy Irons as Professor Humbert Humbert
 Ben Silverstone as young Humbert
 Dominique Swain as Dolores "Lolita" Haze
 Frank Langella as Clare Quilty
 Melanie Griffith as Charlotte Haze
 Suzanne Shepherd as Miss Pratt
 Keith Reddin as Reverend Piggy
 Erin J. Dean as Mona
 Joan Glover as Miss LaBone
 Ed Grady as Dr. Melinik
 Michael Goodwin as Mr. Beale
 Angela Paton as Mrs. Holmes
 Emma Griffiths-Malin as Annabel Lee
 Ronald Pickup as young Humbert's father
 Michael Culkin as Mr. Leigh
 Annabelle Apsion as Mrs. Leigh

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1997 drama movies
1990s road movies
1990s American drama movies
American road movies
1990s English-language movies
Film noir
French drama movies
Incest in movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Adrian Lyne
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies composed by Ennio Morricone
American independent movies
Movies about child sexual abuse
Movies set in Texas
"Rapunzel" is a German fairy tale. It was first published in 1812 as part of Grimms' Fairy Tales. The best known line in the story is "Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair".

Story 
The story starts with a lonely couple that wants a child. They live next to a walled garden that belongs to an evil witch named Dame Gothel. The wife is pregnant with a girl. When she gives birth, Dame Gothel takes her newborn and names her Rapunzel.

Rapunzel is taken into a tower to be shut out from the world. One day a prince chances upon Rapunzel and asks her to marry him. She agrees. Dame Gothel finds out about the prince who is planning to free Rapunzel, so she cuts Rapunzel's hair off and sends her to a faraway desert.  

The following night the prince climbs up the tower only to find Dame Gothel holding Rapunzel's cut hair. Dame Gothel throws the prince out of the tower, leading him to fall on thorny bushes and become blind.
Months later, the prince, who is still blind, finds Rapunzel through her singing. Rapunzel cries into his arms, and her tears bring back the prince's sight. The prince takes Rapunzel to his kingdom, where they lived happily ever after.

Adaptations 
There have been many stories, books and films made overtime based on the story. In 2011, Disney released a film titled Tangled.

Gallery

Grimms' Fairy Tales
The teratorns  were a group of very large birds of prey that lived in the Americas from the Oligocene to Pleistocene epochs. They are all extinct now. They include some of the largest known flying birds. So far, at least five species in four genera have been identified:

Teratornithidae are related to New World vultures (Cathartidae, syn. Vulturidae).

Teratornis merriami. This is by far the best-known species. Over a hundred specimens have been found, mostly from La Brea tar pits. It stood about 75 cm (29.5 in) tall with estimated wingspan of perhaps 3.5 to 3.8 metres (11.5 to 12.5 ft), and weighed about 15 kg (33 lb); making it about a third bigger than living condors. It became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, some 10,000 years ago.
Argentavis magnificens. A partial skeleton of this enormous teratorn was found from La Pampa, Argentina. It is the largest flying bird known to have existed. It is the oldest known teratorn, dating to late Miocene, about 6 to 8 million years ago, and one of the very few teratorn finds in South America. Initial discovery included portions of the skull, incomplete humerus and several other wing bones. Even conservative estimates put its wingspan at 6 meters and up (some 20 ft), and it may have been as much as 8 metres (26 ft). The weight of the bird was estimated to have been around 80 kg (176 lb).

This group of huge birds lived at a time before mankind reached the Americas in any numbers. The land was more heavily forested than today, and so had herbivores more suited to forests than today. The finds in California suggest that similar conditions existed in much of California and North America west of the mountains.

References 

Extinct birds
Fossils
Telegram Messenger is a messaging service which lets its users send each other messages, photos, videos and documents (all file types are supported). The client applications are open source and the server is proprietary software (closed source). It is based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

History 
Telegram was started in 2013 by the brothers Nikolai and Pavel Durov, the creators of VK. 

Telegram is registered as a company in the British Virgin Islands and as an LLC in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Pavel Durov said that the service was headquartered in Berlin, Germany, between 2014 and early 2015, but moved to different jurisdictions after failing to obtain residence permits for everyone on the team. According to press reports, Telegram had employees in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from 2014 to 2017. The Telegram team is based in Dubai as of 2017.
In April 2018, Russian court ruled to block Telegram in Russia. Some Russians tried to circumvent the ban by using open proxies in other countries. The Russian Government removed its ban on 18 June 2020.

On 5 October 2021, Telegram gained over 70 million new users as a result of an outage which affected Facebook and its affiliates.

Features 
Telegram lets its users send voice notes, photos, videos and files of all types. Groups can also have a maximum of 200,000 members. Telegram uses a similar system of message read statuses to WhatsApp, with 1 check = sent, 2 checks = read (opened).

References

Other websites

 

Software
Konstantín Yúrievich Khabénsky (; born in 11 January, 1972) is a Russian actor. He played Anton Gorodetsky in the movie Night Watch. He also starred in the sequel, Day Watch.

Career 
Khabensky was born and trained in Leningrad. Before Night Watch, he was already a famous actor in his country. He had appeared in several movies and TV series and theatres. Since 2003, he has been a member of the Moscow Art theatre.

References

Other websites

 Moscow Art Theatre, official site - Stage Portfolio

Russian actors
1972 births
Living people
"Yakety Yak" is a 1958 Motown song by The Coasters. The song was remixed to be used as the theme song to an early 2000s cartoon.

1958 songs
The Coasters songs
Tänndalen, Southern Sami: Teanndaelie, is a minor locality in Härjedalen Municipality in Sweden. In 2010, 66 people lived there.

References

Settlements in Jamtland County
The Davis Cup is an annual tennis tournament. Countries from around the world compete against each other in teams.
Only the 16 best ranked teams take part. Teams play against each other in rounds or 'ties'. In each tie, 5 matches or 'rubbers' are played: four singles and one doubles match. The team to win the most matches (3 or more) is the winner and goes to the next round.

Tennis tournaments
Argo Navis is a constellation in the southern sky. In the past, it represented the ship of Jason and his argonauts who were in search of the Golden Fleece. Today, it is no longer seen as one constellation but is divided instead into three smaller ones. These are Puppis (the stern), Carina (the keel) and Vela (the sails). It is visible mainly in the southern hemisphere. If it were still recognized today it would be the biggest constellation in the sky.

Deep-sky objects
 Carina nebula

References 

Former constellations
The Liria Palace () is a building in Madrid. It is the personal property of the House of Alba.

The palace was commissioned by Duke of Berwick. He was also Duke of Liria.
In the early 19th century, it passed to the House of Alba. Eugénie de Montijo, last empress consort of the French, died here in exile in 1920.

All but the facades were destroyed during the Spanish Civil War. It was rebuilt by Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba and his daughter Cayetana. The British architect Edwin Lutyens provided some designs for the interior. The reconstruction used his plans, even though he died before then.

As of 2012, the owner of the palace was the 18th Duchess of Alba. She lived in Seville. The main resident of the palace was her son and heir Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Huéscar.

References

Buildings and structures in Madrid
Palaces in Spain
Mike Nichols (born Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky; November 6, 1931 – November 19, 2014) was an American television, stage and movie director, writer, producer and comedian. He was half of the comedy duo Nichols and May, along with Elaine May. In 1968 he won the Academy Award for Best Director for the movie The Graduate. His other movies include Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Catch-22, Carnal Knowledge, Silkwood, Working Girl, Wolf, The Birdcage, Closer, Charlie Wilson's War (his final movie), and the TV mini-series Angels in America. He also staged the original theatrical productions of Barefoot in the Park, Luv, The Odd Couple and Spamalot.

Nichols won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. His other honors included the Lincoln Center Gala Tribute in 1999, the National Medal of Arts in 2001, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2003 and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2010.

Nichols died suddenly from a heart attack on November 19, 2014, at his home in Manhattan.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1931 births
2014 deaths
Comedians from New York City
American movie directors
American playwrights
American theatre directors
Academy Award winning directors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Emmy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Berlin
Tony Award winners
Alberto Moreno Pérez (born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team as a defender in the left back position.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2011/12||rowspan="3"|Sevilla||rowspan="3"|La Liga||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2012/13||15||0||2||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
|-
|2013/14||29||3||0||0||14||0||0||0||43||3

|-
|2014/15||rowspan="1"|Liverpool||rowspan="1"|Premier League||9||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||12||1
45||3||2||0||14||0||0||0||61||3
9||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||12||1
54||4||2||0||17||0||0||0||73||4
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2013||2||0
|-
|2014||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

1992 births
Living people
People from Seville
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Andalusia
Club Ninja is the tenth studio album by American heavy metal band Blue Oyster Cult. The album was released on December 10, 1985. It was the group's tenth studio album with record label Columbia Records. It was their first studio album with new material in 2 years. It was their only album without keyboardist Allen Lanier.

Track listing

References 

1985 albums
Trophy Wife is an American television sitcom. It aired during the 2013–14 television season on ABC. The series was co-created and executive produced by Emily Halpern and Sarah Haskins for ABC Studios. The series was green-lit by ABC for a series order pick up on May 10, 2013. Trophy Wife premiered on September 24, 2013.

On May 8, 2014, ABC canceled Trophy Wife after one season. The final episode aired the following week.

The series starred Malin Åkerman, Bradley Whitford and Marcia Gay Harden.

References 

American sitcoms
2013 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
2010s American television series
English-language television programs
Volker Schlöndorff (born 31 March 1939) is a German movie director, screenwriter, and movie producer. He is a very important director of the New German Cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

He won an Oscar as well as the Palme d'or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival for The Tin Drum (1979), the movie version of the novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Günter Grass.

References

Other websites

 Volker Schlöndorff  Faculty Website @ European Graduate School. Biography and bibliography.
 
 Volker Schlöndorff's Cinématon - A 4 minutes online portrait by Gérard Courant
 Volker Schlöndorff Collection  at Deutsches Filminstitut, Frankfurt (German)

Academy Award winning directors
1939 births
Living people
German movie directors
German movie producers
German screenwriters
People from Berlin
Rainer Werner Fassbinder (; 31 May 1945 – 10 June 1982) was a German stage and movie director, movie producer, screenwriter, and stage and movie actor. He is one of the most important figures in the New German Cinema. He was born in Bad Wörishofen, Bavaria, Germany.

Fassbinder was bisexual. He died at the age of 37 from a heart attack caused by a lethal cocktail of cocaine and barbiturates in Munich, Germany.

Other websites

 Fassbinder Foundation
 

1945 births
1982 deaths
Actors from Bavaria
Bisexual people
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Drug-related accidental deaths
Extras
German LGBT people
German movie actors
German movie directors
German movie producers
German screenwriters
German stage actors
LGBT actors
LGBT directors
LGBT producers
LGBT screenwriters
Writers from Bavaria
María del Rosario Fitz-James Stuart y de Silva, (18th) Duchess of Alba de Tormes, Grandee of Spain (28 March 1926 – 20 November 2014) was a Spanish aristocrat. She was the head of the House of Alba. Stuart was the third woman to carry the title in her own right. She was born in Liria Palace, Madrid, Spain.

Stuart died in Palace of the Dukes of Alba, Seville, Spain, aged 88.

Styles
28 March 1926 - 11 January 1935: The Most Excellent Doña Mª del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart y Silva
11 January 1935 - 28 January 1947: The Most Excellent The Duchess of Aliaga
28 January 1947 - 18 February 1955: The Most Excellent The Duchess of Montoro
18 February 1955 -20 November 2014: The Most Excellent The Duchess of Alba de Tormes

References

Other websites

 House of Híjar
 Euskomedia

1926 births
2014 deaths
People from Madrid
, born  was a Japanese actor. He was best known for his roles in Black Rain and in The Yakuza. He won the Japan Academy Prize four times, more than any other actor. He was born in Nakama, Fukuoka, Japan.

Takakura died in Tokyo, Japan from lymphoma, aged 83.

References

Other websites
 

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in Japan
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese stage actors
Japanese voice actors
Actors from Fukuoka Prefecture
James Henry "Jim" Webb, Jr. (born February 9, 1946) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Virginia from 2007 to 2013. He is also an author and served as Secretary of the Navy from 1987 to 1988 under the Ronald Reagan administration. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Webb announced on November 19, 2014 that he is forming a committee to run for President of the United States in 2016. On July 2, 2015, Webb announced that we will run for president in 2016. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015.

Early life
Webb was born in St. Joseph, Missouri. His father, James Henry Webb, served in the United States Air Force. His mother, Vera Lorraine Hodges, was a housewife. His family descended from Irish-Scots immigrants. Webb went to many schools in the U.S. and in England. He was raised in Bellevue, Nebraska.

Webb graduated from the University of Southern California, Georgetown University Law Center, and from the United States Naval Academy.
Early career

Committee on Veterans Affairs (1977-1981)

From 1977 to 1981, Webb worked on the staff of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs. During this time, he also represented veterans pro bono. Webb also taught at the Naval Academy and was criticized for a 1979 article published in the Washingtonian magazine titled "Women Can't Fight" (see "Senate Election" below).

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs (1984-1987)
During the Reagan Administration, Webb served as the nation's first Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs from 1984 to 1987.

During his time as Assistant Secretary, Webb sought to reorganize the Marine Corps. He was gravely concerned with the disarray the Marines had fallen into post-Vietnam: drug use, racial infighting, and low morale within the Corps left him with the impression it was no longer America's premier fighting force.
United States Secretary of the Navy (1987-1988)
In 1987, he served as Secretary of the Navy, becoming the first Naval Academy graduate to serve as the civilian head of the Navy. As Navy Secretary, Webb pushed the appointment of Alfred M. Gray Jr. as Commandant of the Marine Corps, hoping that Gray could reshape the Corps into the elite unit it once was.

Webb resigned in 1988 after refusing to agree to reduce the size of the Navy. Webb had wished to increase the Navy to 600 ships. As revealed in The Reagan Diaries, President Ronald Reagan wrote on February 22, 1988: "I don't think Navy was sorry to see him go."

After his resignation, Webb earned his living primarily as an author and filmmaker. He won an Emmy Award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut.

United States Senator (2007-2013)
On February 7, 2006, he announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for the 2006 Senate race against incumbent Virginia Senator George Allen.
In the Democratic primary on June 13, 2006, Webb faced longtime businessman and lobbyist Harris Miller. Webb won with 53.5% of the vote, in a race with low turnout. On January 4, 2007, Webb was sworn into the 110th U.S. Senate, accompanied by Sen. John Warner, R-Va., a fellow former Secretary of the Navy; and former Virginia Democratic Sen. Chuck Robb, who held the same seat before losing to Allen.

On November 15, 2006, Senate majority-leader-in-waiting Harry Reid assigned Webb to three committees: the committees on Foreign Relations, Veterans' Affairs, and Armed Services.
On January 23, 2007, Webb delivered the Democratic response to the President's State of the Union address, focusing on the economy and Iraq.  Webb's speech drew positive reviews, and was regarded as one of the stronger State of the Union responses in recent memory. Webb, a decorated war veteran, spoke of his family’s military past, his own passionate attachment to the military, and the way in which previous presidents had always attempted to ensure that all precautions had been taken when sending young Americans into harm's way.

On August 14, 2009 Webb visited Myanmar (Burma), seeing its junta's leader, Gen. Than Shwe, and also the pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who was under house arrest. During Webb's visit with Than Shwe, Webb negotiated the release and deportation of an imprisoned American, John Yettaw.

On February 9, 2011, Webb announced that he would not run for re-election of his Senate seat in 2012.

2016 presidential campaign
On November 19, 2014, Webb announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible bid for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2016. He made the announcement via a video posted on his website, as well as on YouTube.

On June 15, 2015, Webb announced he would make a decision regarding a presidential bid by the end of the month. He made a formal announcement on July 2, 2015. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015.

Personal life
Webb married Barbara Samorajczyk in 1968. They divorced in 1979. Then, Webb married Jo Ann Kruckar in 1981. They divorced in 2004. Webb is currently married to Hong Lee since 2005. Webb has five children and a step-child.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Jim Webb 2016 campaign website 
United States Senator Jim Webb  Senate site
James Webb Enterprises
Webb 2016 Exploratory Committee  for President
2007 Archived Senate Web Site part of Virginia's Political Landscape, 2007 Web Archive Collection at Virginia Memory

2016 United States presidential candidates
Emmy Award winners
1946 births
Living people
American journalists
United States Secretaries of the Navy
United States senators from Virginia
Politicians from Missouri
Politicians from Nebraska
People from St. Joseph, Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Paul Henry Nitze (January 16, 1907 – October 19, 2004) was an American politician. He helped shape Cold War defense policy over the course of many presidential administrations. He helped Ronald Reagan negotiate the INF Treaty.

Other websites

Annotated bibliography for Paul Nitze from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues 
Interview about the SALT I negotiations  for the WGBH series War and Peace in the Nuclear Age

1907 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, was signed into law by Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986, is an Act of Congress which reformed United States immigration law.

What it did
 required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status;
 made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly;
 legalized certain seasonal agricultural illegal immigrants, and;
 legalized illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982 and had resided there continuously with the penalty of a fine, back taxes due, and admission of guilt; candidates were required to prove that they were not guilty of crimes, that they were in the country before January 1, 1982, and that they possessed minimal knowledge about U.S. history, government, and the English language.
Immigration at that time
At the time, the Immigration and Naturalization Service estimated that about four million illegal immigrants would apply for legal status through the act and that roughly half of them would be eligible.

References

Other websites
 Summary of the Bill from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress 
 Detailed legislative history of Simpson-Mazzoli from introduction to Presidential signature, also from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress
Statement on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 
 September 2006 article by Mazzoli and Simpson revisiting the legislation in the current political climate
"Independent Task Force on Immigration and America’s Future" 
 "Full text of Pub. L 99-603"

1986 in the United States
Migration laws
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
King Ralph is a 1991 American comedy movie, directed by David S. Ward. It stars John Goodman, Peter O'Toole, Richard Griffiths, Leslie Phillips, John Hurt, Julian Glover, and Judy Parfitt. It was released to negative reviews on February 15, 1991. The film was fairly successful at the box office, making $52 million compared to its $23 million overall budget.

Plot
The movie is about an American singer from Las Vegas, who becomes the only living heir and unlikely King of the United Kingdom, after the entire British Royal Family is electrocuted and killed in an accident outside Buckingham Palace, while having their royal photography taken.

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 

1991 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies set in Las Vegas
Movies set in London
Movies set in palaces
Universal Pictures movies
Movies about royalty
The Museum of Palaeontology and Archaeology of Estanzuela is a museum in Estanzuela, Zacapa, Guatemala. The museum is the largest and only one of its kind in Guatemala. It displays mammoths and many other prehistoric animals found in Guatemala.

Guatemala
Natural history museums
Museums in North America
Audra McDonald (born July 3, 1970) is an American actress and singer. 

She played Professor Carla Bonatelle in the television series The Bedford Diaries, Dr. Naomi Bennett in Private Practice, and Jackie Brock in Mister Sterling. She was nominated for Emmy Awards for playing Susie Monahan in the TV movie Wit and Ruth Younger in the TV movie A Raisin in the Sun. She won an Emmy in 2015 for her part as Lucy in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, a musical that was filmed for Live From Lincoln Center. She was also in the Live From Lincoln Center filmed musical Passion as Clara and played Grace Farrell in the TV movie Annie and Mother Abbess in The Sound of Music Live!. Her show Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill.
On Broadway she played Ayah in The Secret Garden, Carrie Pipperidge in Carousel, Sharon Graham in Master Class, Sarah in Ragtime, Marie Christine L'Adrese in Marie Christine, Lady Percy in Henry IV, Ruth Younger in A Raisin in the Sun, Lizzie Curry in 110 in the Shade, Olivia in Twelfth Night, Bess in Porgy and Bess, Billie Holiday in Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill, and Lottie Gee in Shuffle Along: Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed. She won Tony Awards for Carousel, Master Class, Ragtime, A Raisin in the Sun, Porgy and Bess, and Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill, and was nominated for Marie Christine and 110 in the Shade. She was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Porgy and Bess.

She also performed in the Broadway concert Something Wonderful and played Deena Jones in the Actor's Fund concert of Dreamgirls. She played Jenny in Rise and Fall of the City of Mahoganny at the Los Angeles Opera, and won two Grammy Awards for the cast album.
McDonald has also been in movies. She played Maureen in Ricki and the Flash, Sally in Hello Again, and Garderobe in Beauty and the Beast. 

She has her own concert DVD, Audra McDonald- Live at the Donmar London, and has done lots of shows at Carnegie Hall. She tours frequently. She also has five CDs- Way Back to Paradise, How Glory Goes, Happy Songs, Build a Bridge, and Go Back Home.

McDonald was born in Berlin, Germany to American parents. She was raised in Fresno, California.

References

Actors from Berlin
Actors from Fresno, California
African American actors
African-American singers
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Singers from Berlin
Singers from Fresno, California
1970 births
Living people
Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Into the Woods is an American 2014 musical fantasy movie. The movie takes characters from different fairy tales, mixing stories. Meryl Streep plays The Witch. Anna Kendrick plays Cinderella. Johnny Depp plays The Wolf. Christine Baranski plays the Stepmother of Cinderella.

The movie was released on December 25, 2014.

American movies
2010s musical movies
2014 fantasy movies
Movies about witchcraft
Movies about giants
Movies about wolves
Movies set in forests
Frémontiers is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 150 people lived there.

Communes in Somme
Gamaches is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 2,730 people lived there.

Communes in Somme