Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Cancelled versions
Windows Odyssey – a version intended to be an update to the Microsoft Windows NT 5.x codebase. The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey combined to work on Windows XP.
Windows Mobile 7 or Photon - originally a successor of Windows Mobile, it had been scrapped for Windows Phone 7 with Metro UI.
Windows Neptune (December 27, 1999) – the first planned version of Microsoft Windows NT to have a consumer edition variant, based on the Windows 2000 codebase. A version was sent out to testers but was never released.
Cairo (operating system) (Windows NT 4.0 (February 29, 1996) – a "true object-oriented OS", planned after Windows NT 4.0.
Windows Nashville (May 2, 1996) – also known as Windows 96
Windows Longhorn – (August 19, 2004) – Planned to be after XP but was eventually scrapped and became Windows Vista.
Bugs Bunny Video System (July 9, 2018) – Planned to be after 10.1 but was eventually scrapped and became Paramount Video System.

Timeline
Timeline

Related pages
History of Microsoft Windows
List of Microsoft software codenames
Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
List of Microsoft operating systems

References

Windows
Real Madrid is a Spanish basketball team. It was founded in 1932 as a division of the Real Madrid club.

2011-2020

The team secured the club's 10th European Cup crown in May 2018, before clinching a 34th league title in June of the same year. Three seasons earlier, in the 2014/15 campaign, the Whites enjoyed a historic year in which the team captured five titles, including a ninth continental crown. The success of that season was followed up in the 2015/16 campaign, which ended with the team winning the league and Copa del Rey double. The side also lifted this latter title in the tournament's 2017 edition.
Major Trophies 
 European Champions : 8 (Record)
 1963/64 1964/65 1966/67 1967/68 1973/74 1977/78 1979/80 1994/95
 Spanish League  : 30 (Record)
 1956/57 1957/58 1959/60 1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 196768 1968/69 1969/70 1970/71 1971/72 1972/73 1973/74 1974/75 1975/76 1976/77 1978/79 1979/80 1981/82 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1992/93 1993/94 1999/2000 2004/05 2006/07
 Copa del Rey de Baloncesto : 22 (Record)
 1950/51 1951/52 1953/54 1955/56 1956/57 1959/60 1960/61 1961/62 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1969/70 1970/71 1971/72 1972/73 1973/74 1974/75 1976/77 1984/85 1985/86 1988/89 1992/93
 European Cup Winner's Cup : 4  (Record)
 1983/84 1988/89 1991/92 1996/97
 ULEB Cup :  1
 2006/2007
 Korac Cup : 1
 1987/88
 World basketball clubs championship : 1
 1980/81
 Intercontinental Cups : 5  (Record)
 1976, 1977, 1978, 1981, 2015
 Copa Latina de Baloncesto : 1
 1966/67
 Spanish Supercup: 1
 1984/85
 International Christmas tournaments (Campeón Torneo de Navidad): 26   (Record)
Current Squad 
''The numbers are established according to the official website: www.realmadrid.com

 Head of Operations:
  Antonio Martín Espina
 General Manager:
  Alberto Herreros
 Councillor:
  Vlade Divac

Famous Players 

 Clifford Luyk
 Wayne Brabender
 Walter Szczerbiak
 Rickey Brown
 Joe Arlauckas
 Charles Smith

Famous Coaches 
 Joaquín Hernández
 Pedro Ferrándiz
 Lolo Sainz
 Željko Obradoviz

References 

Basketball teams in Spain
Madrid
1932 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in Spain
Vinezac  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages

 Côtes du Vivarais AOC
 Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Vogüé is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Chirols is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Chomérac is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France. It is 8 km (5 miles) from Ardèche's capital Privas at the centre of the Ardèche.

Communes in Ardèche
Creysseilles is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Cros-de-Géorand is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Howard Duane Allman (November 20, 1946 – October 29, 1971) was an American musician. He was the lead guitarist of the southern rock group, the Allman Brothers Band.  He is often thought of as one of the greatest guitarists of all time, and is widely considered the greatest slide guitarist of all time.

References

American guitarists
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Writers from Nashville, Tennessee
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Southern rock musicians
American rock musicians
American soul musicians
American blues musicians
American jazz musicians
1946 births
1971 deaths
Nomenclature may mean a set or system of names or terms used by one person or by a community. This community will often be used in one or more areas of science (scientific nomenclature) or art.

Nomenclature may refer to one of the following:

Biology
 Biological nomenclature, see Biological classification
 Linnaean nomenclature, see Biological classification
 Binomial nomenclature
 Trinomial nomenclature
 Phylogenetic nomenclature
 Nomenclature Codes
 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, see Botanical nomenclature
 International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
 International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
 International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature, see PhyloCode
 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
 Virus nomenclature, see Virus classification
 Gene nomenclature

Astronomy
 Astronomical naming conventions
 Planetary nomenclature
 Meteorite nomenclature
 International Astronomical Union
Chemistry
 Chemical nomenclature, for chemical compounds
 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

Notes
Saint-Étienne is a city in France, located southwest of Lyon. It is the prefecture of the Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It was first mentioned in 1258 as Sancti Stephani de Furanum. From about the 14th century, the importance of the city grew due to the arms that were made there. Jules Massenet was born near Saint-Étienne.

A.S. Saint-Étienne is a famous football club.

Education
 EMLYON Business School
Sister cities
Saint-Étienne is twinned with:
 Annaba (عنّابة), Algeria — since 1981
 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia — since 2006
 Ben Arous (بن عروس), Tunisia — since 1994
 Coventry, United Kingdom — since 1955
 Des Moines, Iowa, United States — since 1984
 Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy — since 1960
 Fes, Morocco — since 2006
 Geltendorf, Bavaria, Germany — since 1966
 Granby, Quebec, Canada — since 1960
 Katowice, Poland — since 1994
 Luhansk (Луга́нськ), Ukraine — since 1959
 Nazareth Illit (), Israel — since 1974
 Oeiras, Portugal — since 1995
 Patras, Greece — since 1990
 Toamasina, Madagascar — since 1967
Warsaw, Poland — since 1995
 Windsor, Ontario, Canada — since 1963
 Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany — since 1960
 Xúzhōu (徐州市), Jiāngsū (江苏省), China — since 1984

Other websites 

 City council website
 Tourist board official website
Darbres   is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Julien-en-Saint-Alban  is a commune in the Ardèche department in south France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Julien-Labrousse  is a former commune in the Ardèche département in southern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Belsentes.

References 

Former communes in Ardèche
Saint-Julien-le-Roux  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia has lots of transport contentions by air, sea, and on land. It has the largest tram network in the world, the most extensive freeway network of any Australian city, the busiest container port in the country, the second busiest airport and the second largest suburban rail network.

Other websites 
 Public Transport in Melbourne, Australia (RailPage Australia)
 Metlink Melbourne

References
Dompnac   is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Dunière-sur-Eyrieux   is a commune Ardèche in southern France.

The commune's name was changed from Dunières-sur-Eyrieux to Dunière-sur-Eyrieux (without "s") on 1st of January 2001.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

References 

Communes in Ardèche
Fabras  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Faugères is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Flaviac   is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
The National Hockey League (NHL) is a professional sports organization. It contains ice hockey teams in Canada and the United States. It began in 1917 and is still running.

Founding 
The National Hockey League began in 1917 in Montreal. It happened because of a series of problems within the Canadian National Hockey Association (NHA). The NHA suspend operations and the new NHL started instead.

Timeline

Ice hockey in Canada
Ice hockey in the United States
National Hockey League
Destroy All Humans! is a video game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by THQ. It was released for the Xbox and PlayStation 2 game consoles. The game is set in 1950s U.S. and parodies the lifestyles, pop culture, and politics of this time period. The player controls Cryptosporidium 137, a member of the Furon race of aliens, who has come to Earth to harvest DNA from humans to continue the cloning process of his species. Destroy All Humans has gameplay similar to the Grand Theft Auto series.

Sequels
A sequel called Destroy All Humans! 2 was released in October 17, 2006, and also Destroy All Humans! Big Willy Unleashed has released on February 25, 2008. Exclusive on Nintendo Wii.

2005 video games
Destroy All Humans!
PlayStation 2 games
Xbox games
THQ games
The Thylacinidae are a family of mammals that were all carnivorous marsupials from the order Dasyuromorphia. They are now extinct, which means we never get to see them again.

Species
Family †Thylacinidae
Genus †Badjcinus
†Badjcinus turnbulli (Early Oligocene)
Genus †Maximucinus
†Maximucinus muirheadae (Middle Miocene)
Genus †Muribacinus
†Muribacinus gadiyuli (Middle Miocene)
Genus †Mutpuracinus
†Mutpuracinus archiboldi (Middle Miocene)
Genus †Ngamalacinus
†Ngamalacinus timmulvaneyi (Lower Miocene)
Genus †Nimbacinus
†Nimbacinus dicksoni (Late Oligocene — Lower Miocene)
†Nimbacinus richi (Middle Miocene)
Genus †Thylacinus
†Thylacinus cynocephalus, also known as the Thylacine (Early Pliocene - 1936) 
†Thylacinus macnessi (Upper Oligocene — Lower Miocene)
†Thylacinus megiriani (Upper Miocene)
†Thylacinus potens (Lower Miocene)
†Thylacinus rostralis
Genus †Tjarrpecinus
†Tjarrpecinus rothi (Upper Miocene)
Genus †Wabulacinus
†Wabulacinus ridei (Upper Oligocene — Lower Miocene)

Dasyuromorphia
Badjcinus ("expert hunter dog") was an animal that belonged to the extinct marsupial family Thylacinidae.

It was one of the most primitive members of its group, living 33 to 32 million years ago in the early Oligocene. It was quite small, averaging 5.2 lbs (2.4 kg) in weight.

Its diet probably consisted of small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and insects.

Although Badjcinus was successful in its period, it probably was pushed out by other, better developed thylacinids. The fossils were found at Riversleigh in north-west Queensland, Australia.

Dasyuromorphia
Thylacinus is a genus of extinct carnivorous marsupials from the order Dasyuromorphia.

Species

Genus Thylacinus
Thylacinus cynocephalus, also known as the Thylacine (Early Pliocene to 1936) 
Thylacinus macnessi (Upper Oligocene — Lower Miocene)
Thylacinus megiriani (Upper Miocene)
Thylacinus potens (Lower Miocene)
Thylacinus rostralis

Dasyuromorphia
Miocene
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, (NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a geocode standard that shows the administrative divisions of countries for statistical purposes. It was made by the European Union, so it only covers the member states of that union in detail. 

A NUTS code begins with a two-letter code referencing the country, and is identical to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code (the only difference is UK instead of GB for the United Kingdom). The subdivision of the country is then displayed by one number. A second or third subdivision level is referred to with another number each. Each numbering starts with 1, as 0 is used for the upper level. In case the subdivision has more than 9 entities, capital letters are used to continue the numbering.
In addition to the full three levels for the European Union countries, all countries have a NUTS code with a two-letter code for a continent and two numbers for the country, and for the USA, Canada and Australia the states, provinces, and territories are numbered separately.

Some are not easily classified: for example, Gibraltar is listed as being outside the EU with the code EO21; while French Guiana is listed twice, once in France as FR930 and once in South America as AS13.

NUTS, in some ways are similar to the ISO 3166-2 standard, as well as the FIPS standard of the United States.

Levels
Levels 

There are three levels of NUTS. Some with two levels of local administrative units (LAUs) below. These were called NUTS levels 4 and 5 until July 2003, but were changed due to official regulations  although they are sometimes still described as such. Note that not all countries have every level of division, depending on their size. One of the most extreme cases is Luxembourg, which has only LAUs; the three NUTS divisions each correspond to the entire country itself.

Geocodes
European Union
Fire blight is a contagious disease of rosaceous plants
 The pathogen is Erwinia amylovora, a Gram-negative bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. If the conditions are right, it can destroy an entire orchard in a single growing season.

Infections get into open blossoms and tender new shoots and leaves in the spring when blossoms are open. There is no known cure; prevention is the key.
Spraying plants with streptomycin or injecting plants with oxytetracycline can prevent new infections. That leads to antibiotic resistance. Spraying beneficial bacteria or yeast may also prevent fire blight from infecting new trees. The only effective treatment for plants already infected is to cut off the affected branches and dispose of them.

References 

Gram-negative bacteria
Trees
Rosaceae
Diseases and disorders of plants
Michael Ellis DeBakey (September 7, 1908 – July 11, 2008) was an [lebanese] heart surgeon who was considered to be a very important name in his area. He was also among the early names of heart surgery.

DeBakey was born as Michel Dabaghi in Lake Charles, Louisiana on September 7, 1908. His parents were born in Lebanon, but moved to America before he was born.

DeBakey was involved with medicine from a young age and went to Tulane University. He held many medicine-related positions during his lifetime.

During World War II, DeBakey made wartime medicine much better than it used to be. He was for the idea of having doctors closer to the areas of battle in war, which worked very well and due to that, more badly hurt soldiers survived. Because of this, Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (also known as MASH units) were made, and they were used during the Korean War.
In addition to MASH units, DeBakey made many important aspects to surgery, one of which was the roller pump, which DeBakey made at age 23 while still at Tulane University. This would later on make open-heart surgery able to be done, as roller pumps can make blood flow during surgery.

DeBakey worked with another important heart surgeon, Denton Cooley, but they had a disagreement related to the first artificial heart(a manmade heart) put in a human. They did not get along for a long time, but they went on good terms in 2007.

DeBakey did something rare by still practicing medicine in old age. People that he operated on included world leaders, such as Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
In 2005, a serious heart problem happened to DeBakey. Despite him having made the surgery for this problem, he, at first, did not want any surgery. As he got in worse condition, the surgical team had made the decision to perform surgery anyway. Once the surgery was done and he got in better health, DeBakey said that he was glad the surgery happened after all.

On July 11, 2008, DeBakey died of natural causes at age 99. His first wife, two of his sons, and a brother died before him, while his second wife, a daughter, two sons, and two sisters outlive him.

References
References

Other websites 
 DeBakey Department of Surgery at Baylor College of Medicine
 Methodist DeBakey Heart Center at The Methodist Hospital 
 Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center
 Michael E. DeBakey International Surgical Society
 DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices at Texas A&M University  
 Lasker Luminary Dr. Michael DeBakey 
 The Man on the Table Was 97, but He Devised the Surgery -- The New York Times
 In Moscow in 1996, a Doctor's Visit Changed History -- The New York Times

1908 births
2008 deaths
American physicians
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Scientists from Louisiana
Scientists from Texas
Gameplay
In Fire Emblem, the player moves units across a grid in turns. The player must deal with a challenge with each part in the story, for example, defeating all of the enemy units. A player may choose to fight, move, heal, or visit shops each turn. The battle system is made up of two units fighting each other with their selected weapon. Some weapons are better against others. For example, swords are better against axes. When units defeat others, they gain experience. This experience is used to "level up" the units and makes them stronger. A well known feature in Fire Emblem is that when a character is damaged very badly (loses all of their "hit points"), they can never be used in the game again.

Setting
Each Fire Emblem game is mainly set on a fictional continent, or a really large area. Some continents are used in more than one game. Six continents have been used in Fire Emblem so far.
Games
The first six games were released only in Japan. Five out of the next six games were also released in the United States. A few of the games were also released for the Virtual Console on Wii.
Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryū to Hikari no Ken - The first title in the series. It was made in 1990. The protagonist, or main character, in this game is Marth. 
Fire Emblem: Gaiden - The second title made in 1992. It is an additional story to the first game. The protagonists in this game are Alm and Celica.
Fire Emblem: Monshou no Nazo - A remake of the first game. It was released in 1994. The protagonist of this game is Marth.
Fire Emblem: Seisen no Keifu - First released in 1996, and in 2007 on the Virtual Console, this game has the largest maps in the Fire Emblem series. The protagonist in this game is Sigurd for the first half, and Celice for the second half.
Fire Emblem: Tharacia 776 - An SNES game first made in 2000. Some believe it to be the hardest game in the series. Leif is the protagonist of this game.
Fire Emblem: The Binding Blade - The first game in the series to be released for a handheld device. It was released in 2002 for the Game Boy Advance. The protagonist in this game is Roy.
Fire Emblem: The Blazing Sword - This was the first Fire Emblem game to be released in the United States. It is a prequel to Fūin no Tsurugi. The protagonists in this game are Hector, Lyn, and Eliwood.
Fire Emblem: The Sacred Stones - Another English released game. It was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2005. This game bears no relation (story-wise) to the other games. It is similar to Gaiden. The protagonist in this game are Eirika and Ephraim.
Fire Emblem: Path of Radiance - The game was released for Nintendo GameCube in 2005. The protagonist for the game is Ike.
Fire Emblem: Radiant Dawn - The game was released for the Nintendo Wii in 2007.  A save feature from earlier games was put back into the game. The story in this game takes place directly after Path of Radiance. It also uses many of the same characters. The protagonists for this game are Ike and Micaiah.
Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon - The second remake of Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryū to Hikari no Ken, and the first Fire Emblem game on the Nintendo DS.
Fire Emblem: Shin Monshō no Nazo: Hikari to Kage no Eiyū - A remake of Fire Emblem: Monshou no Nazo that was released for the Nintendo DS in 2010.
Fire Emblem: Awakening - The game was released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2012. It is the first Fire Emblem game on the Nintendo 3DS.
Fire Emblem: Fates - Released in 2015 in Japan and 2016 in North America and Europe for the Nintendo 3DS. It features three paths: Birthright, Conquest, and Revelations.
Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia - Released in 2017 for the Nintendo 3DS. It is a remake of Fire Emblem Gaiden.
Other Appearances
Marth and Roy were special (unlockable) characters in the Super Smash Bros. Melee roster. Marth returned to Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Ike was added instead of Roy returning.

References

Video game series
Caitlin[ keyt-lin ] is a female given name. It is a name of exquisite beauty that has enjoyed immense popularity for several decades. Its rich historical and cultural roots imbue it with great significance. The name Caitlin originates from Ireland and is derived from the Gaelic name Caitlín, which in turn is a variant of the name Catherine, meaning "pure" or "clear." This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

People 
 Caitlin Stasey, Australian actress
 Caitlin McHugh, American actress and writer
 Caitlin Gerard, American actress
 Caitlin Lopes Da Silva, New Zealand water polo player
 Caitlin Clark, American basketball player

References

Given names
Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards, known in Japan as , is a Nintendo 64 platform video game made by HAL Laboratory and Nintendo. It was later released on the Wii's Virtual Console in 2008 and the Wii U's Virtual Console in 2015. In the game, Kirby helps Ribbon use the power of the crystal to defeat Dark Matter. It introduces the concept of combining abilities. Kirby can combine two abilities to make a new one.

Levels
 Planet Popstar
 Rock Star
 Aqua Star
 Neo Star
 Shiver Star
 Ripple Star
 Dark Star

2000 video games
Kirby
Nintendo 64 games
Virtual Console games
Platform games
Plot 
The story is about 12 jurors having to vote on whether the defendant being tried for the murder of his father. The crime carries the death penalty, so they are deciding whether he lives or dies. At the beginning, only Juror #8 votes not guilty, and he tries to get everyone else to do the same. After a while, Juror #8 agrees to vote guilty if everyone votes guilty again, but Juror #9 votes not guilty, and they keep talking. Slowly, Juror #8 convinces more and more people to vote not guilty, with a few people fighting him strongly. In the end Juror #3 cracks under the pressure of the other jurors and they all end up voting not guilty.

Cast 

1957 drama movies
1950s American drama movies
1950s English-language movies
Legal movies
Movies set in New York City
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by Sidney Lumet
BioShock is a first person shooter/survival horror video game made by 2K Games for the Xbox 360, Windows, PlayStation 3, and Nintendo Switch video game consoles. A very famous video game, it got very good reviews and sold very well. The game's story is about a man who is in a plane crash in the Atlantic Ocean and finds a lighthouse in the middle of the sea, which takes him to an underwater city created by a man named Andrew Ryan called Rapture, which is home to many violent creatures called Splicers, who are people became insane because of mutation.

Summary

Setting
BioShock is set in the year 1960, in Rapture, a fictional underwater city. The player learns about Rapture by listening to voice recordings. Rapture was created by a man called Andrew Ryan, who did not like the political, economic, and religious powers that existed over land. He wanted Rapture to be a place where people could do and become whatever they wanted. The city was secretly built in 1946 on a mid-Atlantic seabed, using submarine volcanoes to give geothermal power. Scientific progress grew in Rapture because there were no governments or religious organizations that could put limits on research. This was how Ryan brought many brilliant scientists into the city. This led to fast developments in engineering and biotechnology. These scientists also discovered ADAM, stem cells harvested from an unknown species of sea slug, which were discovered by Dr. Bridgette Tenenbaum to have the ability to heal damaged tissue and rewrite the human genome
. Tenenbaum joined with businessman and mobster Frank Fontaine to create the plasmid industry, which offered superhuman physical enhancements to its customers. Tenenbaum found that ADAM could be mass-produced by implanting the slugs in the stomachs of young girls ("Little Sisters"), taken from orphanages founded by Fontaine.
As time passed, the gap between rich and poor increased. Frank Fontaine created charity organizations to support the underclass. His goal was to use his charity organizations to manipulate the poor. He also made a smuggling operation to supply citizens with forbidden items from the surface, such as religious material. These, along with his control of the plasmid industry, made him immensely powerful. He tried to overthrow Ryan, but the revolt was violently crushed and Fontaine was said to be dead. Ryan seized control of Fontaine's plasmid business. Within a few months, a new figure named Atlas rose as the leader of the disgruntled lower class. On New Year's Eve of 1959, Atlas and his ADAM-infused followers began a new revolt against Ryan that spread throughout Rapture. Ryan in turn began splicing his own forces, and his paranoia had reached such a level he was hanging dozens of people, mostly innocent, in Rapture's main square
. In order to solve ADAM shortages, the Little Sisters were mentally conditioned to wander the city and extract ADAM from the dead, recycling it into raw ADAM in their stomachs after swallowing it. "Big Daddies", enhanced and mentally sterilized humans in armored diving suits, were created by Dr. Suchong, the scientist behind many plasmids, to protect the Little Sisters in their work.
At the start of the game, player-character Jack is a passenger on a plane that goes down in the Atlantic Ocean in 1960, after ordered society in Rapture has collapsed. After surfacing, Jack finds himself the only survivor of the crash, and swims to a nearby lighthouse on an island, where he finds a bathysphere which he uses to sink into the ocean and enter the city of Rapture. An Irishman named Atlas uses the service radio found in the bathysphere to help Jack in making his way to safety. Meanwhile, Ryan, believing Jack to be an agent of a surface nation, uses Rapture's automated systems and his pheromone-controlled Splicers to try to kill Jack. Atlas tells Jack that the only way he can survive is to use the abilities granted by plasmids, and that he must kill the Little Sisters to extract their ADAM. Overhearing Atlas' words, Dr. Tenenbaum intercepts Jack, and urges him to save the Little Sisters instead, giving him a plasmid that will displace the embedded sea slugs in each Sister
. Atlas says his wife and child have been hiding on a submarine and directs Jack towards it. Just as Jack and Atlas reach the bay where it is located, Ryan has it destroyed; an angry Atlas asks Jack to kill Ryan.
Eventually, after completing tasks like saving an artificial forest from dying and helping an insane artist build his sculpture, Jack confronts Ryan in his office, who is playing golf. Ryan reveals a truth that he has pieced together. He is Ryan's illegitimate son by an affair with Jasmine Jolene, a dancer.  When Jolene became pregnant with Jack, she, in desperate need of money, had her embryo surgically removed and sold it to the highest bidder. She had not realized it was Frank Fontaine who purchased the son, leading to her death by an angry Ryan. Ryan further reveals that, after purchasing Jack's embryo, Fontaine made him to obey orders when he is told "Would you kindly..." Jack was then sent to the surface when the war started to put him beyond Ryan's reach
. When the conflict between Fontaine and Ryan reached a stalemate, Jack was sent instructions to board a flight with a package and to use its contents, a revolver, to hijack and crash the plane near the lighthouse, enabling him to return to Rapture as a tool of Fontaine. Because Jack was Ryan's son, he could freely use Rapture's bathysphere network, which had been locked out to everyone except those within Ryan's "genetic ballpark". Finally, Ryan has Jack kill him, wanting to die on his own terms. With Ryan's death, Jack realizes too late that Atlas has also been using the trigger phrase to control him. Atlas reveals himself as Fontaine, who faked his death to throw Ryan off his trail and take control of the city, leaving Jack at the mercy of the reactivated security systems. Dr. Tenenbaum and her Little Sisters help Jack escape through the vent system, where he falls and loses consciousness.
Three endings are possible depending on how the player interacted with the Little Sisters, all narrated by Dr. Tenenbaum. If the player harvested no Little Sisters (thereby saving their lives), the ending shows five Little Sisters returning to the surface with Jack and living full lives under his care, including their graduating from college, getting married, and having children; it ends on a heart-warming tone, with an elderly Jack surrounded on his deathbed by all five of the adult Little Sisters.
If the player harvested (and thereby killed) all or almost all of the Little Sisters, the game ends with Jack turning on the Sisters after defeating Fontaine, presumably killing them all and taking their ADAM. Tenenbaum narrates what occurred, angry Jack and his actions, voice thick with anger. Later in the second ending, a George Washington-class submarine carrying nuclear missiles comes across the wreckage of the plane and is suddenly surrounded by bathyspheres containing Splicers. The Splicers kill all hands aboard the submarine and take control of it.

If the player killed more than one Little Sister, but not enough to obtain the previous ending, the ending is the same to the second one, but the tone of Tenenbaum's voice is a sad one, as opposed to angry and there are minor dialogue changes.
In the game, the player fights enemies using weapons and plasmids (powers that the player gets from gathering ADAM). Each weapon (except for the wrench) has three different kinds of ammunition with different effects. The special ammunition is more powerful against certain kinds of enemies, but they are more expensive and hard to find. Including shooting lighting bolts, shooting fire, and lifting objects without touching them. Some plasmids are found in the game world, but most must be bought and upgraded at special vending machines. The player gets ADAM by harvesting or rescuing Little Sisters, but before the player can do that, the player must kill the Big Daddies protecting them. Big Daddies are hard to kill and they can kill the player quickly, but most Big Daddies will never attack the player unless the player attacks them first. The player can use this to plan and prepare their attack. After the Big Daddy is killed, its Little Sister will come to check on the Big Daddy
. At this point, the player can either harvest or rescue the Little Sister. Harvesting the Little Sister will give the player more ADAM and the player can therefore buy more plasmids, skills, and upgrades. However, if the player harvests too many Little Sisters, the player will get one of the bad endings. If the player rescues Little Sisters, the player will get less ADAM, but will get other rewards if the player rescues a certain number of Little Sisters.
Throughout the game, the player will interact with many kinds of machines. Some machines give you items, like vending machines and safes, and others are enemies that attack you, such as security cameras, robots, and turrets. The player can hack all of these machines, and doing so will make buying items cheaper and give you extra items. If the machines are enemies, the player can use electricity to stun machines and hack them. If the player succeeds, then these machines will help the player fight enemies. To hack machines, the player will need to solve a puzzle. The puzzle is about connecting pipes so that a liquid can go from one place to another. If the player fails the puzzle, either the player loses health or security robots will attack the player.

References 

Notes

2007 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Shooter video games
Horror video games
Action-adventure games
A dilemma (Greek δί-λημμα "double proposition") is when two solutions or possibilities are present. If both solutions are undesirable or impossible, this may put a person on the horns of a dilemma, neither outcome is comfortable.

The dilemma is sometimes put as a choice "you must accept either A, or B". Here A and B are each leading to some undesirable conclusion. 

In formal logic, the definition of a dilemma differs from everyday usage.  Two options are still present, but choosing between them is immaterial because they both imply the same conclusion.  Symbolically expressed thus:

This can be translated informally as "one (or both) of A or B is known to be true, but they both imply C, so regardless of the truth values of A and B we can conclude C."

Horned dilemmas can present more than two choices.  The number of choices of horned dilemmas can be used in their alternative names, such as two-pronged (two-horned) or dilemma proper, or three-pronged (three-horned) or trilemma, and so on.
Constructive dilemmas

1. (If X, then Y) and (If W, then Z).
2. X or W.
3. Therefore, Y or Z.

Destructive dilemmas

1. (If X, then Y) and (If W, then Z).
2. Not Y or not Z.
3. Therefore, not X or not W.

Responses to a dilemma 

In Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Robert Pirsig outlines possible responses to a dilemma. The classical responses are to either choose one of the two horns and refute the other or alternatively to refute both horns by showing that there are additional choices. Pirsig then mentions three illogical or rhetorical responses. One can "throw sand in the bull's eyes" by, for example, questioning the competence of the questioner. One can "sing the bull to sleep" by, for example, stating that the answer to the question is beyond one's own humble powers and asking the questioner for help. Finally one can "refuse to enter the arena" by, for example, stating that the question is unanswerable.

Related pages 
 Prisoner's dilemma
 False dilemma
 Contradiction
 Paradox
 Trilemma
Dilemma has several meanings:
A certain group of problems from mathematics and logic where several solutions are possible, but where none of the solutions are good, see dilemma
A song, see Dilemma (song)
Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, United Kingdom
 Royal Society for Asian Affairs, United Kingdom
 Royal Society for Protection of Nature, Bhutan
 Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature, Jordan
 Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, United Kingdom
 Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, United Kingdom
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 Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, United Kingdom
 Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
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 Royal Society of British Artists, United Kingdom
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 Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland
 Royal Society of Literature, United Kingdom
 Royal Society of Marine Artists, United Kingdom
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Royal Society of New South Wales, Australia
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 Royal Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg, Sweden
 Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala, Sweden
 Royal Society of South Australia
 Royal Society of St George, England
 Royal Society of Tasmania, Australia
 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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 Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts, United Kingdom
Royal Society may also refer to :
The Royal Society (album), the second studio album by the dark psychobilly band The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster
The Royal Society Range, a mountain range in Antarctica named after the original Royal Society
Hapkido () is a Korean martial art.

To simple sight it is a combination of techniques of taekwondo with others of aikibudo. Its teaching is very much focused to the self-defence.

History 
The history of hapkido is enough confused, but many resources believe it to be the work of two Koreans: Choi Yong Sul (1904-1986) and Ji Han Jae (1936-). When was child, Choi had been in Japan, where it seems that he worked as servant for the master of Daito ryu Aiki jutsu, Sokaku Takeda.

Choi had demonstrated qualities in Daito-ryu Aiki-jutsu and often in Takeda they sent him in order to face with other persons who performed martial arts. From his return to Korea, Choi had begun to give classes of martial arts. One of his students, Ji Han Jae, had made Korean traditional techniques of kicks and punches (obtained from taekkyon and from hwarangdo) a part of the collection of techniques and in result he gave it the name of hapkido in the 1959.
Besides of Choi and Ji, many schools of Korean martial arts have taken part in the development of several techniques that have helped in causing such hapkido as it is known it.

Other websites 
  Sin Moo Hapkido in Spain
 Official Website
  Spanish Association Yang Hum Kwan Hapkido 
  Official Website Sin Moo Hapkido in France 
  Site of the Hapki Yu Kwon Sul of Land of Basques 
 Official Website of the Cheong Kyum Association 

Martial arts
The Royal Society is a society for science and scientists. It was founded in 1660 by Charles II. It is the oldest  society of its kind still in existence.

History 
A Royal Charter, on 15 July 1662, created "The Royal Society of London".

Lord Brouncker was the first President, and Robert Hooke was Curator of Experiments. The reigning monarch has always been the patron of the Royal Society since its foundation.

The motto of the Royal Society is Nullius in Verba (Latin: nothing in words). This shows the Society's commitment to establishing scientific truth through experiment rather than by quoting authority.

Although this seems obvious today, the philosophical basis of the Royal Society differed from previous philosophies such as scholasticism, which established scientific truth based on deductive logic, concordance with divine providence and the citation of such ancient authorities as Aristotle.
Fellows 
The members of the society are called Fellows of the Royal Society, and put the letters FRS after their names. There are usually about 1600 of them. They are elected by existing Fellows. All other posts, such as the Secretary and President, are also by election.

A selected list of presidents
Sir Christopher Wren (1680–1682)
 Samuel Pepys (1684–1686)
 Charles Montagu (1695–1698)
 The Lord Somers (1698–1703)
 Sir Isaac Newton (1703–1727)
 Joseph Banks (1778–1820)
 Sir Humphry Davy (1820–1827)
 Prince Augustus, Duke of Sussex (1830–1838)
 William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse (1848–1854)
 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1873–1878)
 Thomas Henry Huxley (1883–1885)
 George Gabriel Stokes (1885–1890)
 William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1890–1895)
 Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister (1895–1900)
 Sir William Huggins (1900–1905)
 John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (1905–1908)
 Sir Joseph John Thomson (1915–1920)
 Sir Ernest Rutherford (1925–1930)
 Sir William Henry Bragg (1935–1940)
 Sir Henry Hallett Dale (1940–1945)
 Howard Florey, Baron Florey (1960)
 Sir Andrew Huxley (1980–1985)
 Sir Aaron Klug (1995–2000)
 Robert May, Baron May of Oxford (2000–2005)
 Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow (2005–2010)
 Sir Paul Nurse (2010–2015)

Data from Royal Society website.
Permanent staff 
The Society's 15 Sections are administered by the permanent staff, led by the Executive Secretary, Stephen Cox CVO. The Executive Secretary is supported by the Senior Managers of the Society, including:
 Mr Ian Cooper, Director of Finance and Operations
 Dr Peter Collins, Director of Science Policy
 Dr Peter Cotgreave, Director of Communications

Society honours 
The Society bestows ten medals, seven awards (prizes) and nine prize lectureships variously annually, biennially or triennially, according to the terms of reference for each award. The Society also runs The Aventis Prizes for Science Books.

Awards 
 Armourers & Brasiers’ Prize
 Kohn Award
 Michael Faraday Prize
 Mullard Award
 Royal Society Pfizer Award
 Rosalind Franklin Award
 Microsoft European Science Award (started in 2006)
Medals 
 Buchanan Medal (for achievements in medicine)
 Copley Medal (for work in any field of science)
 Darwin Medal (for work in the broad area of biology in which Charles Darwin worked)
 Davy Medal (for work in any branch of chemistry)
 Gabor Medal (for work in biology, especially in genetic engineering and molecular biology)
 Hughes Medal (for work in the physical sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism)
 Leverhulme Medal (for work in pure or applied chemistry or engineering)
 Royal Medal (for the two most important contributions to the advancement of Natural Knowledge)
 Rumford Medal (for work in the fields of heat or light)
 Sylvester Medal (for the encouragement of mathematical research)

Prize lectures 
 Bakerian lecture
 Francis Crick Lecture
 Croonian Lecture
 Ferrier Lecture
 Leeuwenhoek Lecture
 Clifford Paterson lecture
 Wilkins-Bernal-Medawar lecture
 Details of Royal Society prize lectures
Timeline 
 1640s — informal meetings
 28 November 1660 — Royal Society founded at Gresham College
 1661 — name first appears in print, and library presented with its first book
 1662 — first Royal Charter gives permission to publish
 1663 — second Royal Charter
 1665 — first issue of Philosophical Transactions
 1666 — Fire of London causes move to Arundel House until 1673, then returns to Gresham College
 1669 — third Royal Charter; original proposal would have made Chelsea College the permanent home of the Society, but the site became Chelsea Hospital instead
 1710 — gets its own home in Crane Court
 1780 — moves to premises at Somerset House provided by the Crown
 1847 — changed election criteria so that Fellows would be elected solely on the merit of their scientific work
 1850 — Parliamentary Grant-in-aid commences, of £1,000, to assist scientists in their research and to buy equipment.
 1857 — moved to Burlington House in Piccadilly
 1967 — moved to present location on Carlton House Terrace
Bibliography

Related pages 
 List of Royal Societies

References

Other websites 
 The Royal Society website — RS list of Fellows  — Citations arranged by year of election
 The Royal Society Publishing website 
 Digital Journal Archive 
 The Royal Society of London  (a brief history)
 Scholarly Societies Project: Royal Society of London 
 Three lectures presented at the Royal Society by Harry Kroto (Faraday Lecture), Paul Hoffman (Paul Erdos), Paul Davies (Blackholes, Worm Holes and Time Travel). Freeview video from the Vega Science Trust
 A visualisation of the Royal Society's publications from 1665 to 2005
 "NULLIUS IN VERBA"  Lord Rees Replies

 
1660 establishments
1660s establishments in England
West Midlands may mean either:

West Midlands (region), a region of England
West Midlands (county), a county in the West Midlands region
Fons is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Freyssenet is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Genestelle  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Gilhac-et-Bruzac  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages

 Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Gluiras is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France. It is mostly known for its food.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Gourdon is a commune in of the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
You Am I is a band from Sydney, Australia. It started in 1989 and plays alternative rock music. You Am I is famous for its lead singer Tim Rogers, for having lots of albums at number one on the ARIA Charts, and for their live music.

References

Australian alternative rock bands
Musical groups from Sydney
The Italian Grand Prix (Gran Premio d'Italia) is one of the longest running motor racing events. The first Italian Grand Prix motor racing championship was on September 4, 1921 at Brescia. Now the race is run at the Monza track instead. This track was built in 1922 and was used for almost all other races from then on.

The Italian Grand Prix counted toward the European Championship from 1935 to 1938.

The Italian Grand Prix was one of the first Formula One championship races in 1950. It and has been held every year since then. The only other championship race like this is the British Grand Prix.

After winning the 2006 Italian Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher announced his retirement from Formula 1. It was the end of the 2006 season. Kimi Räikkönen took over from him at Ferrari for the 2007 season.

Winners of the Italian Grand Prix
Multiple winners (drivers) 
Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.

Multiple winners (constructors) 
Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of any championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Grand Prix Championship.
A green background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war World Manufacturers' Championship.
Multiple winners (engine manufacturers)Manufacturers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.A pink background indicates an event which was not part of any championship.A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Grand Prix Championship.A green background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war World Manufacturers' Championship.

* Between 1997–2005 built by  Ilmor, funded by Mercedes

** Built by  Cosworth, funded by Ford

*** Built by  Porsche

Year by year 

A pink background indicates an event which was not part of any championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
''A green background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war World Manufacturers' Championship.

References

Other websites 

 Official Website of the Italian Formula One Grand Prix 

Formula One Grands Prix
Sport in Italy
Vodafone is a mobile phone network operator. Its headquarters are in Newbury, Berkshire, England. It is the largest mobile phone network company in the world; it has a market value of about £75 billion (June 2008).

Other websites 
 

Mobile phone companies
Bratz is an American product line of fashion dolls and merchandise manufactured by MGA Entertainment. Bratz reached great success and the original line of dolls was expanded with a number of spin-offs like Bratz Kidz, and Bratz Babyz, as well as media featuring the Bratz characters, including a Web series, movie, TV series, music albums and video games. In 2005, global sales were two billion dollars and by 2006 Bratz had about forty percent of the fashion-doll market.

Media