Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Poincaré Conjecture 
The only Millennium Problem that has been conditionally solved, as of 2018. Mathematician Grigori Perelman found it true in certain 4d characterizations of the 3-sphere, but declined the $1M prize.

Because Perelman published his papers over the Internet rather than in a peer-reviewed journal, as required by the Clay Math Institute's rules, he was not initially offered CMI’s award, though representatives for the organization indicated they might relax their requirements in his case. Complicating their decision was uncertainty over whether Perelman would accept the money; he publicly stated that he would not decide until the award was offered to him. Finally, in 2010, CMI offered Perelman the reward for proving the Poincaré conjecture, and Perelman refused.

The Poincaré Conjecture states that the sphere is the only 3D object that can be shrunk to a single point, given certain conditions.
Clay description
If we stretch a rubber band around the surface of an apple, then we can shrink it down to a point by moving it slowly, without tearing it and without allowing it to leave the surface. On the other hand, if we imagine that the same rubber band has somehow been stretched in the appropriate direction around a doughnut, then there is no way of shrinking it to a point without breaking either the rubber band or the doughnut. We say the surface of the apple is "simply connected," but that the surface of the doughnut is not. Poincaré, almost a hundred years ago, knew that a two dimensional sphere is essentially characterized by this property of simple connectivity, and asked the corresponding question for the three dimensional sphere.
This question turned out to be extraordinarily difficult. Nearly a century passed between its formulation in 1904 by Henri Poincaré and its solution by Grigoriy Perelman, announced in preprints posted on ArXiv.org in 2002 and 2003. Perelman's solution was based on Richard Hamilton's theory of Ricci flow, and made use of results on spaces of metrics due to Cheeger, Gromov, and Perelman himself. In these papers Perelman also proved William Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture, a special case of which is the Poincaré conjecture. See the press release of March 18, 2010.

Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture 

Mathematicians have always been fascinated by the problem of describing all solutions in whole numbers x,y,z to algebraic equations like

x² + y² = z²
x² + y² = z²

Euclid gave the complete solution for that equation, but for more complicated equations this becomes extremely difficult. Indeed, in 1970 Yu. V. Matiyasevich showed that Hilbert's tenth problem is unsolvable, i.e., there is no general method for determining when such equations have a solution in whole numbers. But in special cases one can hope to say something. When the solutions are the points of an abelian variety, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture asserts that the size of the group of rational points is related to the behavior of an associated zeta function ζ(s) near the point s=1. In particular this amazing conjecture asserts that if ζ(1) is equal to 0, then there are an infinite number of rational points (solutions), and conversely, if ζ(1) is not equal to 0, then there is only a finite number of such points.
Jahn Otto Johansen (3 May 1934 – 1 January 2018) was a Norwegian journalist, newspaper editor, foreign correspondent and non-fiction writer. He was born in Porsgrunn, Norway. He worked for the newspaper Morgenposten from 1956 to 1966, for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) from 1966 to 1977, and was chief editor of Dagbladet from 1977 to 1984.

Johansen died in Oslo on 1 January 2018 at the age of 83.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
Norwegian writers
Norwegian journalists
Norwegian novelists
Ali Akbar Moinfar (Persian: علی‌اکبر معین‌فر‎) (14 January 1928 – 2 January 2018) was an Iranian politician. He served as the first Petroleum Minister of Iran. He was a member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly representing Tehran from 1980 through 1984. He was born in Tehran.

Moinfar died in Tehran on 2 January 2018 of renal failure at the age of 89.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Iranian politicians
Roe Erister "Rick" Hall (January 31, 1932 – January 2, 2018) was an American record producer, songwriter, and music publisher. He was best known as the owner and proprietor of FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and "Father of Muscle Shoals Music". 

Hall was born in Tishomingo County, Mississippi. He was raised in Rockford, Illinois. He was drafted to the Korean War, though rejected the draft as a conscientious objector.

Hall was added into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 1985 and also received the John Herbert Orr Pioneer Award. In 2014, he won the Grammy Trustees Award in recognition of his long career. Hall remained active in the music industry with FAME Studios, FAME Records, and FAME Publishing.

Hall died of prostate cancer in Muscle Shoals, Alabama on January 2, 2018 at the age of 85.

References
References

1932 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in Alabama
American songwriters
American record producers
Country musicians from Mississippi
American soul musicians
American funk musicians
Musicians from Mississippi
Musicians from Alabama
Musicians from Illinois
Writers from Mississippi
Writers from Alabama
Writers from Rockford, Illinois
George Harold Clements (January 26, 1932 – November 25, 2019) was an American Roman Catholic priest. In 1981, became the first Catholic priest in the Chicago area to adopt a child. 

In June 1969, Father Clements became the first black pastor of Holy Angels Catholic Church on the South Side of Chicago. He was also well known for his involvement in civil rights activities in the 1960s.

In August 2019, Cardinal Blase J. Cupich asked Clements resign from ministry, while the Church investigates allegations that he sexually abused a minor in 1974. 

Clements suffered a stroke on October 12, 2019. He died on November 25, 2019 at a hospital in Hammond, Indiana from a heart attack caused by the stroke, aged 87.

References

1932 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American Roman Catholic priests
American civil rights activists
People from Chicago
Jack Foust Matlock Jr. (born October 1, 1929) is an American former ambassador, career Foreign Service Officer, a teacher, a historian, and a linguist. He was a specialist in Soviet affairs during the years of the Cold War, and served as U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1987 to 1991 during the Presidency of Ronald Reagan.

References

Other websites
 JackMatlock.com website and blog

Booknotes interview with Matlock on Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended, September 26, 2004. 

1929 births
Living people
Educators from North Carolina
American historians
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from North Carolina
People from Greensboro, North Carolina
Rebecca Burrum Matlock (December 7, 1928 – November 9, 2019) is an American photographer. She was born in Manchester, Tennessee. She is the wife of former U.S. Ambassador Jack F. Matlock Jr. since 1949. They both studied at Duke University.

In 1956 the Matlocks joined the Foreign Service and were posted in following years to Vienna, Oberammergau, Moscow, Accra, Zanzibar, and Dar es Salaam. Two more children were born during their first tour in Moscow (David and Joseph).

In 2009 she was named Honorary Trustee of the Friends of Davis International Center of Princeton University.

Published works
 At Spaso House: People and meetings: Notes of the wife of an American ambassador (in Russian) Transl. from English by T. Kudriavtseva, Moscow:  EKSMO, Algorithm, 2004 
 Challenges: A Memoir of My Life in Opera by Caldwell, Sarah with Matlock, Rebecca, Middletown, Conn. : Wesleyan University Press, 2008

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
American photographers
Writers from Tennessee
Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina (, née Girina, ; born 14 March 1932) is the widow of the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin.

Yeltsina was rarely seen in public. She accompanied her husband on some of his foreign visits, including 1997 visits to Sweden, Finland, and a 1999 visit to China. As a rule, Naina Yeltsina never interfered in her husband's political work.

References

1932 births
Living people
First Ladies of Russia
People from Moscow
Robert Mann (July 19, 1920 – January 1, 2018) was an American violinist, composer, and conductor. He was the founding member of the Juilliard String Quartet in 1946. He was as well a faculty member at the Manhattan School of Music. Mann, the first violinist at Juilliard, served on the school's string quartet for over fifty years until his retirement in 1997.

Mann played and performed on many instruments, including those made by Antonio Stradivari and John Young. Mann was the subject of a 2014 documentary, titled Speak the Music.

Mann died at his home in Manhattan, New York on January 1, 2018 at the age of 97.

References

1920 births
2018 deaths
American composers
American conductors
American violinists
Academics from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
The Conjuring 2 is a 2016 American supernatural horror movie directed by James Wan. It is the sequel to 2013's The Conjuring and the third movie in The Conjuring series.

Background
Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga reprise their roles as paranormal investigators and authors Ed and Lorraine Warren from the first movie. The movie is about the Warrens as they travel to England to help the Hodgson family, who are experiencing poltergeist activity in Enfield council house in 1977. This event became referred to as the Enfield Poltergeist.

Release
The Conjuring 2 was released in North America on June 10, 2016. The movie received positive reviews from critics and has made over $320 million worldwide. A spin-off prequel movie, The Nun, is scheduled to be released in 2018.

References

Other websites
 
 

2016 horror movies
American horror movies
American ghost movies
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in London
Warner Bros. movies
Hurricane Julia was the easternmost Category 4 hurricane recorded in the Atlantic basin since reliable satellite observations became available. On Sept. 15, Julia and Igor had both been powerful category four hurricanes but Julia's wind speeds had continued to drop since because of wind shear from monster hurricane Igor's outflow. By 11 a.m. EDT on Sept. 20, the National Hurricane Center issued their final warning on Julia. She was 1,100 miles west of the Azores near 34.7 North and 46.4 West and maximum sustained winds were near 46 mph, but quickly weakening. Julia had later been downgraded into a low pressure system and is now in the 2010 Atlantic Hurricane Season history books. Meanwhile, Igor's life history is not finished as he makes a track further into the North Atlantic Ocean. Hurricane Julia became a Category 4 storm in just 24 hours. She is currently out in the Atlantic with sustained winds at 135 mph. Luckily, there were no deaths. The maximum wind speed  of the cyclone was 140mph
. The minimum pressure created was 948/949mb. The cyclone lasted for 13 days (09/12 - 09/24) with the changing of the catergories.
In Major League Baseball, the American League Division Series (ALDS) is played from the beginning to the middle of October, and decides which two teams in the American League will play in the American League Championship Series.  It consists of two best series out of the five series featuring three division winners, and the winner of the wild card game.  Each series is completed once a team has won three games.

History
The first Division Series was played in the strike shortened 1981 MLB season.  Teams in first place before the strike took on teams in first place after the strike.  In 1994, the Division Series was added for good.  Both leagues were split in to three divisions each; and the wild card was added as well.  However, a strike cancelled the rest of the 1994 season, including the playoffs. The current-day Division Series thus began the play in 1995.

American League
Wolf Point East Tower is the second tallest of three buildings being developed in the Near North Side community area on the Wolf Point property near the Chicago River in downtown Chicago.

The building is planned to be about 60 stories and  tall. It will have 698 units. Although originally thought to be a mixed use building when planned in 2012 and approved in 2013, the building was reenvisioned as an apartment building in 2016. Construction began in 2017.

References

Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
The Rock N Roll McDonald's (formerly The Original Rock 'N Roll McDonald's) is a McDonald's restaurant in Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the most famous McDonald's locations in the world and was once the busiest in the United States.

The restaurant, in the River North section of the Near North Side community area (neighborhood) of Chicago, a few city blocks west of the Magnificent Mile, had been a tourist attraction since it opened in 1983.

After the demolition of the original building, the present building opened in 2005 and originally had a seating capacity of 300. The original 1983 building and the first design of the rebuilt 2005 structure site held a rock and roll exhibit in a building next to the restaurant and a small upstairs McDonald's museum display.
The building features the first two-lane McDonald's drive-through, a café, flat panel televisions and a green roof. In 2017, a redesign of the restaurant planned to remove the Rock N Roll theme for a more modernized version, which opened on August 8, 2018.

References

Buildings and structures in Chicago
McDonald's
1983 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Illinois
1000M (formerly referred to as 1000 South Michigan) is a skyscraper planned for Chicago, Illinois in the Historic Michigan Boulevard District portion of Michigan Avenue in the Loop community area of Chicago. 

It is designed by Helmut Jahn. It is planned as a 74-story,  tall residential condominium tower located at 1000 South Michigan Avenue that is being developed by Time Equities, Inc., JK Equities and Oak Capitals. The 323-unit building will include one to four bedroom luxury condominiums. 

While there is not yet a scheduled ground breaking date, 1000M is on track to be completed in 2021.

References

Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
Helmut Jahn (January 4, 1940 – May 8, 2021) was a German-American architect from Chicago, Illinois. He was born in Nuremberg, Germany.

Jahn was well known for designs such as the Sony Center on the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Germany, the Messeturm in Frankfurt, Germany, the One Liberty Place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (formerly the tallest building in Philadelphia), and the Suvarnabhumi Airport, an international airport in Bangkok, Thailand. 

Recent projects include a residential tower in New York City, 50 West St in 2016 and the Thyssenkrup Test Tower in Rottweil, Germany in 2017. He was designing the 1000M, a super-tall residential complex in Chicago at the time of his death.

Jahn was riding his bicycle on May 8, 2021 and was hit by a car in Campton Hills, Illinois. He died from his injuries a few hours later, aged 81.

References

1940 births
2021 deaths
German architects
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Architects from Chicago
Road accident deaths in the United States
NEMA (also 1200 South Indiana or One Grant Park and formerly 113 East Roosevelt) is a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois in the Central Station neighborhood, of the Near South Side community area.

The skyscraper has 792 apartments and rise . It is designed by Rafael Viñoly as the first of a three phase development that includes an even taller 648-unit structure  as the second phase and a 100-unit townhouse development with a public park as the third phase.

References

Skyscrapers in Chicago
Gateway Tower is a proposed mixed-use supertall skyscraper planned on the abandoned site of the former Chicago Spire in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side of Chicago.

The building is planned to be  tall. The building would include condos, apartments, a hotel, a Skylobby, a Skydeck with a restaurant, an amusement ride and sky-garden.

References

Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
The St. Regis Chicago, formerly Wanda Vista Tower, is a 101-story,  supertall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois.

Construction started in August 2016 and was completed in 2020 with the remaining portion expected to finish by the third quarter of 2021. When it was completed, the skyscraper designed by a woman architect Jeanne Gang.

Upon completion, St. Regis became the city's third-tallest building at , passing the Aon Center. It is the tallest structure in the world designed by a woman.

It was designed by an architect, Jeanne Gang. Vista Tower complements the design of the nearby Aqua skyscraper.

Vista Tower costed nearly $1 billion to construct.

The tower is made up of three connecting towers with differing heights. The tower topped out in April 2019. It formed part of the Lakeshore East development.

References

Hotels in the United States
Skyscrapers in Chicago
One Bennett Park is a skyscraper at 451 East Grand Avenue, in the Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago.

The project was first announced as the building at 451 E. Grand Ave in July 2014, approved in December 2014, and named One Bennett Park in October 2015.

The building is named for Edward H. Bennett, the Chicago architect and urban planner who coauthored the 1909 Plan of Chicago. When completed, it will be among the tallest buildings in Chicago.

References

Skyscrapers in Chicago
Streeterville is a neighborhood in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States, north of the Chicago River. It is named for George Streeter. 

It is bounded by the river on the south, the Magnificent Mile portion of Michigan Avenue on the west, and Lake Michigan on the north and east, according to most sources, although the City of Chicago only recognizes a small portion of this region as Streeterville. It can be described as the Magnificent Mile plus all land east of it.  

The majority of the land in this neighborhood is sandbar.

References

Neighborhoods in Chicago
Humboldt Park, one of 77 designated community areas, is on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Humboldt Park neighborhood is known for its social and ethnic demographic change over the years. The Puerto Rican community has identified strongly with the area since the 1970s.

Humboldt Park is also the name of a 207-acre (0.8 km²) park near to the community area. The area is considered to be the most violent in the city.

References

Community areas of Chicago
Kappalottiya Tamizhan (The Tamilian who drives the ship) is a Tamil movie released in 1961. The movie was directed by B.R.Panthulu. The main roles were acted by Sivaji Ganesan and Gemini Ganesan. The supporting roles were made by S. V. Subbaiah, T. K. Shanmugham, S. V. Ranga Rao, Savitri and S. A. Ashokan. The movie was based on the life history of freedom fighter, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. This movie was awarded the National Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. Somehow it failed in the collections or became a commercially failed movie.

Reception
Kappalottiya Thamizhan received generally positive reviews. Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu newspaper said, "Films on patriotism are many. But Panthulu's Kappalottiya Tamizhan stands higher for the natural imitations of Sivaji Ganesan as VOC, and S.V. Subbiah as Bharatiar. The reviews praise the movie that it remains a perfect showcase of the Independence Movement in the South.
Box office
Kappalottiya Thamizhan was the first Tamil movie to get tax exemption (No tax is needed to pay), from the Government of India. This is because of the movie's content of patriotism. But it became a commercial failure. It faced a loss of Rs. 7 Lakhs.

References

Tamil-language movies
The West Side is one of the three major sections of the city of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, along with the North Side and the South Side. The West Side consists of communities that are of historical, cultural, and ideological importance to the history and development of Chicago. On the municipal flag of Chicago, the West Side is represented by the central white stripe.

It is often seen by the media and residents as a largely poor, crime-ridden area of the city.

References

Neighborhoods in Chicago
The North Side is one of the neighborhoods of Chicago. It extends north of Central−Downtown Chicago, the West Side districts, and the Chicago River to the city's northern and northwestern borders. 

It is the most densely populated residential section of the city, and has a large middle and upper-class demographic.  It has many public parklands (such as the huge Lincoln Park) and miles of beaches along Lake Michigan to the city's northern limits. 

Residential highrises line the waterfront in the eastern North Side. The district includes Eastern European, Puerto Rican, and other ethnic enclaves. It is the home of the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field.

References

Neighborhoods in Chicago
East Side is one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the far south side of the city, between the Calumet River and the Illinois-Indiana state line, about  south of Downtown Chicago.

The neighborhood has its own park on Lake Michigan, Calumet Park, and its own forest preserve, Eggers Grove Forest Preserve, which neighborhood residents usually call Eggers Woods

There are about 1,560 jobs in the East Side community area. The East Side has a "hardship index" of 53.9 based on its levels of unemployment, education, per capita income level, poverty, crowded housing and dependency. This ranks in the middle of Chicago community areas.

References

Community areas of Chicago
Oak Street Beach is located on North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan.  

One of the many Chicago beaches, the Chicago Park District says Oak Street Beach as the area from approximately 1550 North Lake Shore Drive to 500 North Lake Shore Drive, including Ohio Street Beach, the South Ledge, a concrete path running from Ohio Street beach to the Oak Street Curve, Oak Street Beachstro Restaurant, Oak Street Beach proper, the North Ledge, and a concrete path running from Oak Street Beach to North Avenue Beach.

Oak Street Beach was formed by sand washing up against the northern side of Streeterville.

Photo gallery

Landmarks in Chicago
Beaches of the United States
The Chicago Park District is the oldest and one of the largest park districts in the United States. 

As of 2016, there are over 580 parks included in the Chicago Park District as well as 31 beaches, several boat harbors, two botanic conservatories, a zoo, and 11 museums. 

The parks also have multiple field houses, public pools, and sports and recreational facilities, and host programs throughout the year. The district's headquarters are located in the Time-Life Building in the Streeterville neighborhood.

References
The Time-Life Building is a , 30-story skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois designed by Harry Weese and completed in 1969.  

It is located at 541 North Fairbanks Court in the Near North Side. It was among the first in the U.S. to use double-deck elevators.  The odd-numbered floors are accessible from the lower lobby, with even floors serviced from the upper level. It currently serves as the headquarters for the Chicago Park District.

Other websites
Otis mention of double decked elevators

1969 establishments in Illinois
Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by Indian-born British artist Sir Anish Kapoor. It is the centerpiece of AT&T Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois.

Constructed between 2004 and 2006, the sculpture is nicknamed the Bean because of its shape. Made up of 168 stainless steel plates welded together, its highly polished exterior has no visible seams. It measures , and weighs .

Kapoor's design was inspired by liquid mercury.

Other websites
 Cloud Gate on Anish Kapoor's website
 City of Chicago Millennium Park
 Millennium Park map 
 City of Chicago Loop Community Map
 Cloud Gate at Millennium Park, City of Chicago  – Images and description of Kapoor's public sculpture

Buildings and structures in Chicago
The Harold Washington Library Center is the central library for the Chicago Public Library System. It is located just south of the Loop 'L', at 400 S. State Street in Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois. 

It is a full-service library and ADA (people with disabilities) can access the library. As with all libraries in the Chicago Public Library system, it has free wifi internet service. The building contains has of space. 

The total square footage is about  including the rooftop garden penthouse, according to the Zoning department of the city of Chicago.

References

Buildings and structures in Chicago
The Loop (historically Union Loop, or commonly Loop) is the  long circuit of elevated railroad that forms the hub of the Chicago "L" system in Chicago, Illinois.

As of 2012, the branch has served 74,651 passengers every weekday.

The Loop is so named because the railroad loops around a rectangle formed by Lake Street (north side), Wabash Avenue (east), Van Buren Street (south), and Wells Street (west). The railroad loop has given its name to Chicago's downtown, which is known as the Loop. However, transportation historian Bruce Moffat has concluded that "The Loop" was not used as a proper noun until after Charles Yerkes' 1895–97 construction of the elevated structure.

References

Transport in Chicago
1890s establishments in Illinois
Jefferson Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, located on the Northwest Side of the city. The neighborhood of Jefferson Park occupies a larger swath of territory.

Jefferson Park is bordered by the community areas of Norwood Park to the northwest, Forest Glen to the northeast, Portage Park to the south, and the suburb of Harwood Heights to the south. A large blue line station is in the neighborhood.

Although the official community area map draws the boundary between Jefferson Park and Portage Park at Gunnison Street and Lawrence Avenue, the Jefferson Park neighborhood extends to Montrose Avenue farther south.

The neighborhood is named after President Thomas Jefferson.

The Taste of Polonia has brought some of the nation's most known political figures to Jefferson Park to win the support of Chicago's Polish community. President George H. W. Bush hosted the festival in 1992 and in 2000, future Vice President Dick Cheney as well as Tipper Gore, and Hadassah Lieberman made an appearance.
"Happy Birthday to You", more commonly known as simply "Happy Birthday", is a song that is traditionally sung to celebrate a birthday. According to the 1998 Guinness World Records, "Happy Birthday to You" is the most recognized song in the English language. The song's base lyrics have been translated into at least 18 languages.

The melody of "Happy Birthday to You" comes from the song "Good Morning to All", which has traditionally been attributed to American sisters Patty and Mildred J. Hill in 1893, although the claim that the sisters composed the tune is disputed.

The song is in the public domain in the United States and the European Union. Warner Chappell Music had said they had the copyright on the song in the US and collected money for its use. In 2015, the copyright claim was declared invalid and Warner Chappell agreed to pay back $14 million in licensing fees. The copyright ended in the European Union on January 1, 2017.

Lyrics with melody

References

1910s songs
Norwood Park is one of 77  Chicago community areas. It is made up of smaller neighborhoods of Big Oaks, Norwood Park East, Norwood Park West, Old Norwood Park, Oriole Park, and Union Ridge.

Originally organized in 1872 from near townships (Jefferson, Leyden and Niles) as a village, and named after Henry Ward Beecher's novel Norwood, or Village Life in New England (1868), Norwood Park was annexed to the City of Chicago in 1893.  

Norwood Park was incorporated as a village in 1874 and annexed to Chicago on November 7, 1893.

Every Memorial Day there is a parade that runs through Norwood Park. The parade has been a local tradition for more than 90 years, starting in 1922. The community area also has the oldest building in Chicago, the Noble-Seymour-Crippen House.  

Taft High School was completed in 1939, with major additions made in 1959 and 1974.

References

Community areas of Chicago
Mahe (also known as Mayyazhi), is a small town in Mahe River. It is surrounded on all sides by the State of Kerala. The Kannur District surrounds Mahé on three sides. Kozhikode District surrounds it from one side. Mahe belongs to the Puducherry union territory. This town is the headquarters of the district. Formerly it was a part of French India. Mahé now forms a municipality in Mahe district.

Population
As of 2011 Indian census, Mahe had a population of 41,816, mostly Malayalis. 

Mahe has an average literacy rate of 97.87%. Male and female literacy were 98.63% and 97.25% respectively. In Mahe, 10.89% of the population consists of children under six years of age.

References

Towns in Puducherry
Coonoor is a municipality in the Nilgiris District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for its production of Nilgiri tea. This town is the second-largest hill station in the Nilgiri hills after Ooty. Coonoor is home to the Pasteur Institute of India. This institute is responsible for producing anti-rabies vaccine and vaccines for government immunization programs.

Population
According to 2011 census, Coonoor had a population of 45,494. The population's sex-ratio is 1,058 females for every 1,000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes consist of 27.92% and 23% of the population respectively.

References

Other websites

 
 Conoor Official history and tourism page on www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in.
Nilgiris district
Zillis-Reischen is a municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
St Martin's official site
St Martin in Zillis, Switzerland 

Municipalities in Hinterrhein
Pfaffenheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. In 2015, 1428 people lived there.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Pfastatt is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
NGC 6025 is an open cluster in the Triangulum Australe constellation. It is about 2,700 light-years away from Earth.

Open star clusters
Taye Ismaila Taiwo (born 16 April 1985) is a Nigerian professional footballer. He plays as a defender for AFC Eskilstuna.

Club career statistics

International career statistics

Related pages 
 List of Nigerians

References 

1985 births
Nigerian footballers
Sportspeople from Lagos
Living people
Pulversheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department in east France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
The Ton Fan Group (Mandarin 東方畫會, pinyin Dongfang Huahui), also known by the names Eastern Painting Society, Eastern Art Group and Orient Movement, is a Taiwanese avant-garde artistic movement founded 
,amongst others like Hsiao Chin, by Ho-Kan in 1956 in Taipei Hence the other name of the group "Eight Great Outlaws". The creation of this group played a major role in the development of Taiwanese art, and the history of Chinese art in the 20th century.

References

Art movements

Organizations based in Taiwan
Fred Bass (June 28, 1928 – January 3, 2018) was an American businessman. He was born in New York City. He was best known as the owner of New York City's Strand Bookstore, which was founded by his father Ben Bass. Bass joined the family business at the age of 13, working weekends with his father when Strand was located on 4th Avenue.

His daughter Nancy is married to United States senator from Oregon Ron Wyden.

Bass died on January 3, 2018 in Manhattan, New York of congestive heart failure at the age of 89.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Businesspeople from New York City
Lawal Kaita (4 October 1932 – 2 January 2018) was a Nigerian politician. He was elected on the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) platform as governor of Kaduna State, Nigeria, holding office between October and December 1983. He left office when the Nigerian Second Republic ended with the coup that brought General Muhammadu Buhari to power.

Kaita died on 2 January 2018 of liver failure in Abuja, Nigeria, aged 85.

References

1932 births
2018 deaths
Politicians from Kaduna State
Conan the Indomitable is a fantasy novel by American writer Steve Perry, featuring Robert E. Howard's  sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. It was first published in trade paperback by Tor Books in October 1989; a regular paperback edition followed from the same publisher in September 1990.

References

1989 books
American fantasy books
Yadgir District is one of the 30 districts of Karnataka state in southern India. 

Districts of Karnataka
Sir John James Skehel (born 27 February 1941) FRS FMedSci  is a British virologist and Emeritus scientist at the Francis Crick Institute in London.

From 1987 to 2006 he was  Director of the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) at Mill Hill. This was incorporated into the Crick Institute in 2016.

References 

1941 births
Living people
British virologists
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Royal Society
The Francis Crick Institute is a biomedical research centre in London which opened in 2016. It is a partnership between Cancer Research UK, Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL), the Medical Research Council, University College London (UCL) and the Wellcome Trust. 

The institute has 1,500 staff, including 1,250 scientists, and an annual budget of over £100 million, making it the biggest single biomedical laboratory in Europe.  

The Institute includes the former UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation, which was at Mill Hill, North London.  

The institute is named after the British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist Francis Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA. Crick shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins. Unofficially, the Crick has been called Sir Paul's Cathedral, a reference to its Director, Sir Paul Nurse, and St Paul's Cathedral.

References
References 

Research organisations in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Camden
A nine-dart finish is a perfect leg (single game) of darts. It is achieved by using the minimum number of darts. The aim of each player is to gradually subtract their score from their initial number of points (501) until they reach 0 (without scoring under), by finishing either on a double or a bullseye.

Only a few players have ever managed to perform a nine-dart finish.

There are many different scoring combinations how one can manage a nine-dart finish. It is often done by two maximum scores of 180, followed by two triples (one 20 and one lower number) and a winning double.

Darts
Waadhoeke is a municipality of the Province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It lies in the northeast of Friesland at the Wadden Sea.

The municipality was established on January 1, 2018. It was made by combining the former municipalities of het Bildt, Franekeradeel, Menameradiel, and parts of Littenseradiel.

About 47,000 people live in Waadhoeke. It covers an area of about .

The main settlement is the small city of Franeker.

Other websites 

  

 
2018 establishments in the Netherlands
Roadblock was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the WWE, an American–based promotion. It was broadcast live and available on PPV and the WWE Network. The event was established in March 2016, debuting as a WWE Network-only exclusive. The second event, now a Raw brand exclusive event, was moved to December 2016 where it aired on the WWE Network, but also traditional PPV outlets as well. The event's name was a reference to its original March position on the "Road to WrestleMania".

Dates and venues

Related pages
 List of WWE Network events
 List of WWE pay-per-view events

References

Other websites

Roadblock
2016 in Canada
Bühler is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Sarn was a municipality of the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Portein, Präz, Sarn, and Tartar merged into the municipality of Cazis.

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Pfetterhouse is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Raedersdorf is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References
INSEE commune file

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Aharon Appelfeld (; born Ervin Appelfeld; February 16, 1932 – January 4, 2018) was a Romanian-born Israeli novelist and Holocaust survivor. He lived in Mevaseret Zion and taught literature at Ben Gurion University of the Negev and was often writing in Jerusalem's Ticho House (Beit Ticho).

In 2007, Appelfeld's Badenheim 1939 was adapted for the stage and performed at the Gerard Behar Center in Jerusalem.

In 1941, when he was nine years old, the Romanian Army retook his hometown after a year of Soviet occupation and his mother was murdered. Appelfeld was deported with his father to a Nazi concentration camp in Romanian-controlled Transnistria. He escaped and hid for three years before joining the Soviet army as a cook.

References

1932 births
2018 deaths
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Holocaust survivors
Academics of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Israeli novelists
Naturalized citizens of Israel
European novelists
Romanian Jews
Bruce Halle (May 27, 1930 – January 4, 2018) was an American businessman and the founder and chairman of Discount Tire.  He was the wealthiest person in Arizona. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. He donated much of his money to Republican-related causes and politicians.

Halle died on January 4, 2018, in Paradise Valley, Arizona at the age of 87.

References

1930 births
2018 deaths
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Republicans (United States)
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Frank Buxton (February 13, 1930 – January 2, 2018) was an American actor, television writer, author, and television director. He was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts. 

In 1966, Buxton teamed up with Hal Seeger in the animated cartoon series Batfink. He also hosted the game show Get the Message for ABC in 1964. He also had movie roles in What's Up, Tiger Lily? and Overboard.

For the 1970s, Buxton worked as a writer, producer and director for Paramount Television. He served as a story editor for the comedy anthology series Love, American Style, in addition to writing and directing episodes of The Odd Couple, Happy Days and Mork & Mindy.

Buxton died at his home in Bainbridge Island, Washington of complications from heart disease on January 2, 2018 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1930 births
2018 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television directors
American television writers
American screenwriters
Actors from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
Actors from Washington (state)
Writers from Washington (state)
Trust is an American television anthology series that premiered on FX. Trust's 10-episode first season is set in 1973 and centers on the kidnapping in Italy of John Paul Getty III, then-heir to Getty Oil. The first season was written by Simon Beaufoy and directed by Danny Boyle.

The series premiered on March 25, 2018 to positive reviews praising Sutherland's performance of Getty.

It stars Donald Sutherland as J. Paul Getty, Hilary Swank as Gail Getty, Harris Dickinson as John Paul Getty III, Brendan Fraser as James Fletcher Chace, and Michael Esper as John Paul Getty Jr. with Verónica Echegui as Luciana.

References

American crime television series
Fox television series
J. Paul Getty
English-language television programs
West Orange is a suburban township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States.

History 
Former Governor of New Jersey Brendan Byrne was born here in 1924. West Orange was initially a part of Newark township, and remained so until November 27, 1806. It was detached from Orange, New Jersey.

The township is named either after William III of England or William IV, Prince of Orange 

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 12.171 square miles (31.522 km2), including 12.046 square miles (31.198 km2) of land and 0.125 square miles (0.324 km2) of water (1.03%). It is located about  west of downtown Newark and  west of New York City.

Population 
As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 46,207, an increase from the 39,103 counted in the 1990 Census.

References

Townships in New Jersey
Essex County, New Jersey
Livingston is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 29,366.

Livingston was made as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 5, 1813, from portions of Caldwell Township (now Fairfield Township) and Springfield Township (now in Union County, New Jersey).

The township was named for William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey; his family's coat of arms serves as the township's seal.

References

Townships in New Jersey
Essex County, New Jersey
Guida Maria (23 January 1950 – 2 January 2018) was a Portuguese actress. Her career lasted 60 years. She was born in Lisbon. She first appeared as Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker. In 1973, Maria starred in the movie The Vows. She appeared on television shows including A Única Mulher (The Only Woman) and the Brazilian series O Bem-Amado.

Maria died at a Lisbon hospital of pancreatic cancer on 2 January 2018 at the age of 67.

References

Other websites
 

1950 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Portugal
Portuguese movie actors
Portuguese television actors
Portuguese voice actors
Portuguese stage actors
Actors from Lisbon
New Glasgow is a town in Pictou County, in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.

References

Other websites

Official New Glasgow Website
New Glasgow Riverfront Jubilee
New Glasgow Farmers Market 

Towns in Nova Scotia
Vladimir Borisovich Yankilevsky (Russian: Владимир Борисович Янкилевский) (February 15, 1938 — January 4, 2017) was a Russian artist. He was born in Moscow.

Yankilevsky was known mostly for his work in the Soviet Nonconformist Art movement of the 1960s through the 1980s. His most famous works are his triptychs, works that are hard to classify. His works often create a nightmarish imagery to paint a picture of restrictive mental states about daily life in the Soviet Union, and with the human condition in general. 

Yankilevsky was also known for having participated in the Manezh Art Exhibit of 1962, during which Nikita Khrushchev famously chastised the Nonconformist Art Movement as degenerate. 

Yankilevsky died in Paris of leukemia on January 4, 2018 at the age of 79.

References

1938 births
2018 deaths
Russian artists
Russian painters
Russian sculptors
People from Moscow
Mary Anne Krupsak (born March 26, 1932) is an American lawyer and politician. She was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1975 to 1978 during the Governship of Hugh Carey. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She also served on the New York State Senate and on the New York State Assembly.

Early life
Krupsak was born in Schenectady, New York. She was raised in Buffalo, New York. Krupsak studied at the University of Rochester, at Boston University and at the University of Chicago.

Career
Krupsak was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1969 to 1973. She was a member of the New York State Senate from 1973 to 1975. She was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York at the New York state election, 1974.
After being elected Lieutenant Governor, Krupsak became upset with how Hugh Carey treated her in office and felt she was not given enough to do. After saying yes to run for a second term with Carey in 1978, Krupsak decided to withdraw from the ticket and instead challenge Carey for the Democratic nomination for governor. She lost the Democratic primary to Carey, and after running unsuccessfully for Congress in 1980, she retired from politics.

References

Other websites
 Mary Anne Krupsak at NNDB

1932 births
Living people
Lawyers from New York (state)
Lieutenant Governors of New York (state)
Businesspeople from Buffalo, New York
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Schenectady, New York
Ryakuji (kanji:略字, kana:りゃくじ) are shorthand and usually unofficial forms of kanji. 

For example, 々 is a shorthand form of the kanji 仝, which itself is another form of the kanji 同, which means "same". For compound words where the same kanji is used twice in a row, 々 is used where the second kanji would be so that it doesn't have to be written again. 

For example, the word tokidoki, which means "from time to time", uses the same kanji for "time" twice, but is written as 時々 instead of 時時 because Japanese would see the second compound as redundant. So 々 implies that the second character is the same as the first.

Other same character compounds include:

This is similar to English ligatures, or letters that combine to make a new letter or symbol such as &, which was a combination of the letters that make the Latin word "et".

References 

Japanese writing system
Amanda Cottreau is a Canadian folk singer-songwriter based in Ottawa. Amanda is a member of songwriters association of Canada. Amanda made it to round 2 of CBC searchlight contest 2015 with Lady Lover and featured vocalist on a second song, Little Bird.

Career
Amanda begun her musical career as a lead background vocals in a worship band from 1998-2003 which was based in Kingston, Ontario. Later she worked with Ryan Potter, an Ottawa-based musician and producer. In November 2010, Amanda released her first solo album Universe in a Soft Shell. In 2012, one of the track named Couldn't Wait from the album Universe in a Soft Shell was featured on TV series Degrassi: The Next Generation.

Amanda has performed over a hundred shows between Ontario, Quebec & Nova Scotia along with Lucila Al Mar, JustJamaal & Raymundo Pizana.

Discography

References

Other websites 
 

Canadian songwriters
Musicians from Ontario
Grauman's Chinese Theatre is a movie palace on the historic Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6925 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California, United States.

References

Other websites

1920s establishments in California
1927 establishments in the United States
Ravenswood is a neighborhood located on the North Side of the city of Chicago, Illinois. It is in Lincoln Square, one of the 77 well-defined Chicago community areas. Ravenswood was founded in 1868 as a woodland area. The woods supported a population of ravens.

Ravenswood is known for its courtyard-style residential buildings. Once considered an "up and coming" neighborhood, Ravenswood has seen its real estate values skyrocket since the 1990s. 

Many notable politicians live in Ravenswood such as Mayor Rahm Emanuel and former Governor Rod Blagojevich.

References

Neighborhoods in Chicago
Lincoln Square, located on the North Side of the city of Chicago, Illinois, is one of 77 well-defined Chicago community areas. The city's largest cemetery, Rosehill Cemetery, is located here.

Greater Lincoln Square is made up of the smaller neighborhoods of Ravenswood Gardens, Bowmanville, Budlong Woods and Lincoln Square (neighborhood). Although it is sometimes known by these other names the City of Chicago officially designated it as Lincoln Square in 1925.

According to the Encyclopedia of Chicago, the neighborhood make-up of Ravenswood and Lincoln Square is a common mistake — the two are not different. The boundaries of the original Ravenswood subdivision, drawn in 1869, were Montrose, Lawrence, Clark and Damen.

References

Community areas of Chicago