Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Until 1996, Indigenous  children in Canada were forced to go to boarding schools in order to make them assimilate into white Canadian society. The Indian  residential school system refers to the group of these schools for First Nations children. These schools were run by Christian churches and got money from the Canadian government. These schools existed for over 100 years and more than 150,000 children were in them. Of these children, at least 3,200 died.

Many residential schools were started when the Indian Act was passed in 1876. In 1896, a change was made to the Act so that all First Nations children had to go to school. A lot of their communities were located far away from schools, so they had to go to residential schools and live there for the school year. These schools were usually very far away from their families in order to encourage them to assimilate. There were residential schools in every province and territory except for New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.
In 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized to the survivors of the residential schools on behalf of the Canadian government. The government also set up the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in order to learn the truth about what happened at these schools. Many survivors came and talked about their experiences. In 2015, the TRC published a report that said the residential school system was cultural genocide.

History 
Ever since Europeans arrived in North America, they have been trying to teach the native peoples there about European ways. The discovery doctrine that Europeans believed said that it was OK to colonize the land because the people they found were not Christian and were "uncivilized." They thought it was their duty to teach others about Christianity and civilization.

French missionaries started schools for Indigenous people in the 17th century. However, they stopped because making Indigenous people unhappy was not good for the fur trade.
In the 1820s, English missionaries started schools in what is now Manitoba and Ontario. Unlike the French schools, they taught Protestantism.

The Canadian government became interested in starting schools for Indigenous people because they were no longer allies in war. Instead, they were seen as nuisances because many of them moved around as nomads and didn't practice agriculture. The Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) partnered up with the churches to start putting more Indigenous children into the residential schools and "kill the Indian in the child" by converting them to Christianity and bringing them into European-Canadian society. The government provided the buildings and money while the church provided the teachers and staff.

Of the schools run by churches, most of them were run by the Catholic Church. Other schools were run by the Anglican Church, the United Church of Canada, and the Presbyterian Church.
Life in Residential Schools 
The students at the schools were treated bad by the teachers and staff. They were beaten up and sexually abused. The teachers believed that beating up the students helped to save their souls and stop them from running away. It was bad for a school if students ran away because they were responsible if a student died while running away. Students were malnourished. The schools were crowded, dirty, cold, and didn't have good medical care. That meant that a lot of students ended up getting tuberculosis.
Teaching style 
In the residential schools, students learned the same way that European kids were taught. This was very different from how First Nations people taught their kids. The Indigenous people used a "look, listen, learn" method of education that did not involve classrooms or books. Instead, they taught their kids through games, stories, and ceremonies. The kids struggled with book-learning because that was not how their parents taught them. They were also forced to speak English and French. Sometimes, they were beaten up if they spoke in their native languages.

Resistance 
The residential schools didn't meet their goal in extinguishing Indigenous cultures. In some cases, students burned down the schools.

Deaths 
A lot of students died at the schools from disease.

School closings 
Many Indigenous communities began to take over the schools. They thought that the schools were not doing a good job in teaching their kids.
Some schools became normal day schools, and some schools were burned down or torn down by former students. And still others are now abandoned.

Effects 
The residential school survivors lost a lot of their culture. They felt powerless. To cope with their feelings, they hurt themselves and others around them.

Many of the survivors now have mental health problems because of their experiences at the schools.

Apologies 

In 1986, the United Church of Canada said sorry for its part in colonization. In 1996, it apologized for running residential schools.

In 1993, the Anglican Church apologized. The next year, the Presbyterian Church apologized too.

In 2004, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) apologized for forcing children into the schools.

Federal government 
In 2009, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized to the survivors of the residential schools. His apology was broadcast nationwide.

Provincial governments

Universities
Universities

Vatican expression of sorrow and Pope Francis's apology
In 2009, the Vatican made a statement that expressed sorrow at how the Church was involved in oppressing Indigenous Canadians. 

In 2017, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau asked Pope Francis for an apology to the survivors instead of just an expression of sorrow.

During a visit to Canada in July 2022, Pope Francis apologized for the Church's role in the Canadian Indian residential school system.

Notes

References

History of Canada
History of Native Americans
Schools in Canada
Ankit Deva, or Ankit Kushwah, (born 20 April 1992) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Madhya Pradesh. He first played first-class cricket on 6 February 2015 in the 2014–15 Ranji Trophy. He first played Twenty20 cricket on 2 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. He first played List A cricket for Madhya Pradesh in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 3 March 2017.

References

Other websites
 

1992 births
Indian cricketers
The Heckler & Koch VP70 is a 9x19mm Parabellum handgun made by Heckler & Koch, a German gun company. It was the first polymer-framed pistol ever made. It was first made 1970, 12 years before the Glock. Being polymer-framed means that it was much lighter than metal-framed handguns. It can be attached with a buttstock, and doing so will allow the gun to fire in 3-shot bursts. Otherwise, the gun only fires in semi-automatic mode.

Pistols
Cynthia Marie Lummis Wiederspahn (born September 10, 1954) is an American politician. Lummis is the junior United States Senator from Wyoming since 2021. She was the U.S. Representative for  from 2009 to 2017. 

Lummis is a member of the Republican Party. She was a State Representative (1979–1983, 1985–1993), State Senator (1993–1995), and State Treasurer (1999–2007).

She retired from Congress in 2016. She successfully ran for the United States Senate in the 2020 election, winning the election.

References

Other websites
Lummis for Wyoming
Cynthia Lummis on Facebook

 
 
 The Cynthia M. Lummis papers  at the American Heritage Center

1954 births
Living people
United States senators from Wyoming
United States representatives from Wyoming
State legislators of the United States
People from Cheyenne, Wyoming
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle (; born June 21, 1957) is a Filipino cardinal of the Catholic Church, and Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples since December 2019. 

He was the 32nd Archbishop of Manila from 2011 to 2020. Tagle also was the president of Caritas International and of the Catholic Biblical Federation. He was born in Manila.

He is well known for his progressive views and for his works on helping the poor in the Philippines.

References

1957 births
Living people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Filipino Roman Catholic bishops
Violette Nozière is a 1978 French Canadian crime drama movie directed by Claude Chabrol and starring Isabelle Huppert, Jean Carmet, Stéphane Audran, Jean-François Garreaud, Zoe Chauveau, Bernadette Lafont. It was distributed by Koch-Lorber Films.

Other websites
 
 

1978 crime drama movies
French crime movies
French drama movies
Canadian crime movies
Canadian drama movies
Movies directed by Claude Chabrol
Valentina Sampaio (born 10 December 1996) is a Brazilian model and actress. In 2020, Sampaio became the first transgender model to appear in Sports Illustrated.

Early life
Sampaio was born in Aquiraz, Ceará, Brazil.

At eight years of age, her psychologist said that she was transgender, but she did not start calling herself Valentina until she was 12.

She has said in many interviews that she was not bullied for her gender identification.

Career
She became Victoria's Secret's first openly transgender model in August 2019, and became the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue's first openly transgender model in 2020.

In November 2016, she first walked her first runway at São Paulo Fashion Week. Soon after, L'Oréal made a short movie about Sampaio, which they released on International Women's Day, and later the company made her one of the company's brand ambassadors.
She is a L'Oréal Paris spokeswoman along with several other Brazilian women including: Grazi Massafera, Taís Araújo, Juliana Paes, Isabeli Fontana, Emanuela de Paula, Ágatha Moreira, and Sophia Abrahão.

In February 2017, Sampaio received international media attention after appearing on the cover of Vogue Paris and becoming the first transgender model to appear on the magazine's cover. Later that year, she also appeared on the covers of Vogue Brasil and Vogue Germany. She is the first openly transgender woman to be featured on both magazines' covers as well.

Other magazine cover appearances of Sampaio's include Vanity Fair Italia, Elle Mexico, and L'Officiel Turkiye. She has also worked with brands such as Dior, H&M, Marc Jacobs, Moschino, L'Oréal, and Philipp Plein.

References

1996 births
Living people
Brazilian models
Brazilian movie actors
LGBT models
LGBT actors
Transgender people
On 7 July 2020 at 12:17 p.m. in Xixiu District of Anshun, Guizhou, in southwest China, a local bus made a 90-degree turn and crashed into the .

As a result of the crash, at least 21 people died and 16 were injured. The event generated public concern, because it was carrying candidates for the Gaokao exam.

As of 11:00 p.m., all 37 people on board have been recovered, including 16 injured, 20 without vital signs, and one dead. Among the 37 passengers, 12 were students, five of whom had no vital signs, six were under treatment and one had been discharged from hospital.

The driver was among the dead and is believed to have deliberately caused the crash.

References

2020 crimes in Asia
2020 in China
July 2020 events
Mass murder in Asia
Mass murder in 2020
Murder-suicides in Asia
Suicide in 2020
2020 disasters in Asia
2020s disasters in China
Guizhou
Anshun () is a prefecture-level city of Guizhou province, near the location of Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of 2010, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city is known for its aerospace industry.

References

Cities in China
Lists of cities in Asia
Guizhou
Huangguoshu Waterfall (), is one of the largest waterfalls in China and East Asia located on the Baishui River () in Anshun, Guizhou province. 

It is  high and  wide. The main waterfall is  high and  wide.

References

Waterfalls

Geography of the People's Republic of China
Guizhou
The mayor of Sartrouville () is the chief executive of Sartrouville. The mayor is responsible for the administration and management of the city, adds proposals and recommendations to the Sartrouville City Council, and is active in the enforcement of the city's laws.

Politicians from Île-de-France
People from Yvelines
A Bell for Adano is a 1945 American World War II drama movie directed by Henry King and was based on the 1944 novel of the same name by John Hersey. It stars Gene Tierney, John Hodiak, William Bendix, Glenn Langan, Richard Conte, Roy Roberts, Hugo Haas and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 

1945 drama movies
1945 war movies
1940s American drama movies
American war movies
World War II movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Henry King
Valley of the Redwoods is a 1960 American action movie directed by William Witney and starring John Hudson, Ed Nelson, Michael Forest, Robert Shayne, Bruno VeSota. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 

1960 movies
1960s action movies
American action movies
Movies directed by William Witney
20th Century Fox movies
Unconventional warfare is any kind of war that does not fit the traditional war between nations or groups. It includes foreign resistance movements and guerilla groups, who fight against an occupying force or their own government. 

In conventional warfare, the fighters usually wear uniforms, which identifies them as fighters in an army, under the laws of war. With unconventional warfare, this is not the case. Those engaging in unconventional warfare need to hide before they can launch an attack. This means that in most cases they do not wear specific uniforms which identify them as fighters. Struggles of this type are going on at present in parts of Africa.

An unconventional war is rarely announced as a war. No declaration of war is made. Usually, the only feature which is noticed is the presence in a country of organised fighters. The fighters come from a neighbouring country or from parts of the existing country. There are no set rules.
This kind of warfare has been quite common since 1900. Terrorism is the intimidation of the native civilian population by armed fighters or insurgents, often known as guerrillas. Warfare inside a state by citizens who wish to overthrow the state, also generally called terrorism by the government, has also been common.

Struggle between regular forces (armies in uniforms) may happen without a formal declaration of war. Red versus white after the end of royal rule in Russia (Russian Civil War) is a good example. It was a semi-formal war, fought with regular troops on both sides. So was the seizing of Manchuria (Manchukuo) by Japan in the early 1930s. Regular Japanese army forces were used.

After World War I and World War II unconventional forces were used to drive out colonial powers or to try and do so. The struggle against colonialism was usually by irregular forces supported by weapons and men from powers interested in removing the colonies (usually Russia or China).
The dividing line between conventional and unconventional warfare is not clear-cut. In general conventional war is fought between regular armies, navies, air forces. Unconventional warfare is usually fought on the ground with at least one side not in uniform, usually against forces of the established government. It is an attempt to overthrow a government or to replace in it some part of the country.

Examples
The Lord's Resistance Army was fighting against the government in Uganda, since about 1985. As of 2020, the conflict in Uganda seems to exist no longer, but it has spread to South Sudan, Tchad, and the Central African Republic. The conflict is known as Lord's Resistance Army insurgency. The leader of the Lord's Resistance Army, Joseph Kony, has been convicted of war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
 Boko Haram wants to make a new state, governed by Islamic law in the northern part of Nigeria. It is also active in Tchad, Niger and Cameroon. Since 2009, about 35.000 people were killed because of the conflict, there are about two million refugees because of the conflict.
 The Darfur conflict is a conflict in Sudan. Different local tribes fight against each other, and against the Sudanese government.
Azawad is a territory in the north of Mali, which is almost entirely a desert. There is a conflict between the semi-nomadic Tuareg people, and local farmers. The Tuareg are represented by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. The conflict is known as Mali War. 
 The Casamance conflict is between the government of Senegal, and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance. They want the region of Casamance to become independent from the rest of Senegal. 
 The Cabinda War is fought between the government of Angola, and the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda. It wants the province of Cabinda to become an independent state.
USA definition 
The USA Department of Defense defines unconventional warfare as activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. Also called UW.

References 

Terrorism
War
Conflicts
Tombstone is a historic city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. It was founded in 1877.

In 2020, 1,308 people lived here.

References

Cities in Arizona
John Henry "Doc" Holliday (August 14, 1851 – November 8, 1887) was an American gambler, gunfighter, and dentist. He was a close friend and associate of lawman Wyatt Earp. 

Holliday is best known for his role in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. He killed more than a dozen men, but modern researchers have said that Holliday killed only one to three men. He was born in Griffin, Georgia.

Holliday died of tuberculosis at a hotel room in Glenwood Springs, Colorado on November 8, 1887 at the age of 36.

References

1851 births
1887 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
American murderers
People from Georgia (U.S. state)
Griffin is a city in and the county seat of Spalding County, Georgia. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 23,478.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Wesley Kanne Clark, Sr. (born December 23, 1944) is a retired general of the United States Army. He spent 34 years in the U.S. Army. He was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Clark was born in Chicago. 

In 2004, he unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States.

References

1944 births
Living people
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Military people from Chicago
Politicians from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Politicians from Arkansas
Writers from Arkansas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistics. R is a language built for a specific purpose. It is strictly designed for statistical analysis. The algorithms for many statistical models are devised in R. Precisely R is the language of Statistical Analyzers. It’s an open source and the best suite for the statisticians to develop statistical softwares. R is putting utmost efforts to walk parallelly to Python.

Usage in other areas
The R language was originally made for statistics. But today, it is also used in many scientific fields including ecology.

Development history 

A list of changes in R releases is maintained in various "news" files at CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network). Some highlights are listed below for several major releases.

Communities 
R has local communities worldwide for users to share ideas and learn.

There are a growing number of R events bringing its users together, such as conferences (e.g. useR!, WhyR?, conectaR, SatRdays) and other meetups.
useR! conferences 
The official annual gathering of R users is called "useR!". The first such event was useR! 2004 in May 2004, Vienna, Austria.  After skipping 2005, the useR! conference has been held annually. Subsequent conferences have included:
 useR! 2006, Vienna, Austria
 useR! 2007, Ames, Iowa, USA
 useR! 2008, Dortmund, Germany
 useR! 2009, Rennes, France
 useR! 2010, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
 useR! 2011, Coventry, United Kingdom
 useR! 2012, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
 useR! 2013, Albacete, Spain
 useR! 2014, Los Angeles, California, USA
 useR! 2015, Aalborg, Denmark
 useR! 2016, Stanford, California, USA
 useR! 2017, Brussels, Belgium
 useR! 2018, Brisbane, Australia
 useR! 2019, Toulouse, France

Future conferences planned are as follows:
 useR! 2020, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (Canceled)
 useR! 2021, Zurich, Switzerland

The R Journal 
The R Journal is the open access refereed journal of the R project. It features articles on the use and development of the R language.
Basic syntax 
The following examples illustrate the basic syntax of the language and use of the command-line interface.

In R, the generally preferred assignment operator is an arrow made from two characters <-. Although = can be used instead.
> x <- 1:6  # Create vector.
> y <- x^2  # Create vector by formula.
> print(y)  # Print the vector’s contents.
[1]  1  4  9 16 25 36

> mean(y)  # Arithmetic mean of vector.
[1] 15.16667

> var(y)  # Sample variance of vector.
[1] 178.9667

> model <- lm(y ~ x)  # Linear regression model y = A + B * x.
> print(model)  # Print the model’s results.

Call:
lm(formula = y ~ x)

Coefficients:
(Intercept)            x 
     -9.333        7.000

> summary(model)  # Display an in-depth summary of the model.

Call:
lm(formula = y ~ x)

Residuals:
      1       2       3       4       5       6
 3.3333 -0.6667 -2.6667 -2.6667 -0.6667  3.3333
Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
(Intercept)  -9.3333     2.8441  -3.282 0.030453 * 
x             7.0000     0.7303   9.585 0.000662 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 3.055 on 4 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.9583, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9478
F-statistic: 91.88 on 1 and 4 DF,  p-value: 0.000662

> par(mfrow = c(2, 2))  # Create a 2 by 2 layout for figures.
> plot(model)  # Output diagnostic plots of the model.

References

Other websites 

Free software
Multi-paradigm programming languages
GNU project software
Object-oriented programming languages
Functional languages
The Deep Purple is a 1920 American crime drama movie directed by Raoul Walsh and is the second adaption of the 1910 play of Wilson Mizner. It stars Miriam Cooper, Helen Ware, Vincent Serrano, William B. Mack, Lincoln Plumer and was distributed by Realart Pictures Corporation. It is a lost movie.

Other websites
 

1920 drama movies
1920s crime movies
1920s crime drama movies
1920s American drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on plays
American silent movies
Movies directed by Raoul Walsh
The Acquittal is a 1923 American mystery movie directed by Clarence Brown and was based on the play of the same name by Rita Weiman. It stars Claire Windsor, Norman Kerry, Richard Travers, Barbara Bedford, Charles Wellesley, Frederick Vroom and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites

1923 movies
1920s mystery movies
American mystery movies
American silent movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Clarence Brown
Zorba the Greek (, Alexis Zorbas) is a 1964 Greek British American comedy-drama movie directed by Michael Cacoyannis and is based on the 1946 novel The Life And Times Of Alexis Zorba by Nikos Kazantzakis. It stars Anthony Quinn, Alan Bates, Irene Papas, Lila Kedrova, Sotiris Moustakas, Anna Kyriakou and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It won for three Academy Awards in 1964.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

1964 comedy-drama movies
Greek movies
American comedy-drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Michael Cacoyannis
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in Greece
Movies set on islands
Movies set on beaches
A travel website is a website that is similiar to a travel guide printed as a book. Travel websites show reviews on places, or what to do in a place. 70% of travellers use travel websites. Wikivoyage is an example of a travel website.

References 

Internet
Travel
Websites
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 40,271 people lived there. Since 1913, its county seat has been Sylva, replacing Webster.

References 

1850s establishments in North Carolina
1851 establishments in the United States
North Carolina counties
St. Clair County is the name of four counties in the United States:
 St. Clair County, Alabama
 St. Clair County, Illinois
 St. Clair County, Michigan
 St. Clair County, Missouri
Warren County is the name of fourteen counties in the United States:
 Warren County, Georgia
 Warren County, Illinois
 Warren County, Indiana
 Warren County, Iowa
 Warren County, Kentucky
 Warren County, Mississippi
 Warren County, Missouri
 Warren County, New Jersey
 Warren County, New York
 Warren County, North Carolina
 Warren County, Ohio
 Warren County, Pennsylvania
 Warren County, Tennessee
 Warren County, Virginia
Warren County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is on the northern border with Virginia. In 2010, 20,972 people lived there. Its county seat is Warrenton.

References 

1779 establishments in North Carolina
North Carolina counties
Jones County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 10,153 people lived there. Its county seat is Trenton.

References 

1779 establishments in North Carolina
North Carolina counties
The Communauté d'agglomération Saint Germain Boucles de Seine is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, in the western suburbs of Paris. It is located in the Yvelines and Val-d'Oise departments, in the Île-de-France region, northern France. It was created in January 2016. Its population was 330,097 in 2016. Its seat is in Le Pecq.

Saint Germain
Yvelines
Val-d'Oise
The mountain big-eyed tree frog (Nyctimystes montanus)  is a tree frog from New Guinea.  Scientists have only seen it in the Arfak Mountains in Indonesia.

The adult male frog is about 5.2 cm long and the female about 6.3 cm long.  The dead, preserved frog is gray or brown with darker markings.

References

Frogs of Asia
Lee County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 57,866 people lived there. Its county seat is Sanford.

References 

20th-century establishments in North Carolina
1907 establishments in the United States
North Carolina counties
5 Fingers, also known as Five Fingers, is a 1952 American spy drama movie directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and starring James Mason, Elyesa Bazna, Danielle Darrieux, Michael Rennie, Walter Hampden, Herbert Berghof. The screenplay by Michael Wilson was based on the 1950 book Operation Cicero () by Ludwig Carl Moyzisch. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1952 drama movies
American spy movies
1950s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Blue-gray is a bluish-gray color. It is also known as livid. The name "livid" comes from a Latin word lividus. Lividus means 'a dull leaden-blue color'.

References 

Shades of blue
Shades of gray
A Trip () is a 2011 Slovenian drama movie directed by Nejc Gazvoda. It stars Luka Cimpric, Jure Henigman and Nina Rakovec.

Other websites 
 

2011 drama movies
Slovenian movies
Riverwoods is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Interstate 210 (I-210) is the name of four Interstate Highways in the United States:

 Interstate 210 (California) or the Foothill Freeway, a major east–west freeway going through the valleys north and east of Los Angeles
 Interstate 210 (Louisiana), a bypass route in Lake Charles
 Interstate 310 (Mississippi), a proposed freeway in Biloxi, originally proposed as Interstate 210
 Interstate 165 in Mobile, Alabama, previously designated as Interstate 210

10-2
Interstate 210 (I-210) and State Route 210 (SR 210) are two connected highways in the Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties of California. They are also known as the Foothill Freeway together. It runs from the Interstate 5 near Santa Clarita and San Fernando to San Dimas at the State Route 57. Here, it becomes State Route 210 and continues east, ending at the Interstate 10 in Redlands. Together, the highways are about  long.

Exits

References

Interstate Highways
Los Angeles County, California
San Bernardino County, California
Roads in California
The 2020 Styrian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Pirelli Großer Preis der Steiermark 2020) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 12 July 2020 at the Red Bull Ring in Spielberg, Austria. The race was the second round of the 2020 Formula One World Championship and marked the first, and possibly the only, running of the Styrian Grand Prix.

Winners

By year

References

Notes

Formula One Grands Prix
2020 establishments in Austria
Alain Berset (born 9 April 1972) is a Swiss politician who served as a member of the Federal Council since 2012. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party. Berset is the President of the Swiss Confederation in 2018 and 2023. From 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018, he was the President of the Swiss Confederation; at the age of 45, Berset was the youngest President of the Confederation since Marcel Pilet-Golaz in 1934.

References 

1972 births
Living people
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
Current national leaders
People from Fribourg
The United Nations has reported many human rights violations, both by the forces close to the government, and by the different rebel groups. Allegedly, there have been amputations, floggings, and extrajudicial executions. A couple was stoned in 2012, for allegedly having an extramarital affair. Based on these reports, the International Criminal Court started investigations into war crimes and human rights abuses. According to the BBC, about 250,000 people have left because of the fighting. They are now refugees and internally displaced people. Another problem is that World Heritage Sites are threatened by the war. There are mosques built of mud, in Timbuktu, which are threatened. In September 2021, a contract was signed between the Malian state and a private Russian military company linked to the Russian military group Wagner. The document provides for the deployment of mercenaries in the country, in liaison with the Malian army, and the protection of senior figures.

Related pages
Related pages

List of ongoing armed conflicts

2012
2013 in Africa
2014
2015 in Africa
2016 in Africa
2017 in Africa
2018
2019 in Africa
2020 in Africa
2021 in Africa
Civil wars involving Africa
History of Mali
Wars involving Belgium
Wars involving Canada
Wars involving China
Wars involving France
Wars involving Germany
Wars involving India
Wars involving Japan
Wars involving Portugal
Wars involving South Africa
Wars involving Spain
Wars involving the Netherlands
Wars involving the United Kingdom
Wars involving the United States
Wars of independence
2010s conflicts
Mahaica-Berbice (Region 5) is a region in the northeast of Guyana. The regional capital is Fort Wellington.

The region has an area of 4,190 km². As of the 2012 census, 49,723 people lived there. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, the region of Upper Demerara-Berbice to the south and the region of Demerara-Mahaica to the west.

Regions of Guyana
Azawad is the name for the northern part of Mali. The name translates to Savannah. The region is mostly desert-like. Between 2012 and 2013 it was independent from Mali.  It is split into the regions Timbuktu, Gao, and Kidal. The territory has a size of about . The biggest cities are Gao with about 87.000 people, and Timbuktu with about 55.000.

2012 disestablishments
2012 establishments
Former countries in Africa
Former republics
Geography of Algeria
Geography of Niger
History of Mali
Landlocked countries
Regions of Mali
Territorial disputes
East Berbice-Corentyne (Region 6) is a region in the east of Guyana. The regional capital is New Amsterdam.

The region has an area of 36,234 km². As of the 2002 census, 109,431 people lived there.  It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Suriname to the east, Brazil to the south and  the regions of Mahaica-Berbice, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Potaro-Siparuni and Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo to the west.

References

Regions of Guyana
The Cabinda Province is a part of Angola. In is an exclave, and has no direct borders with Angola. The Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda wants the province to become an independent state. Before Angola became independent from Portugal, the Front fought the Portuguese. After it became a part of the Angolan territory, the front is fighting against the Angolan government. In 1956, crude oil was found in Cabinda. The Cabinda War has been ongoing since the end of 1975. It is one of the longest-lasting conflicts in Africa.

20th century in Angola
21st century in Africa
Wars involving Africa
20th-century conflicts
21st-century conflicts
The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is a current guerrilla movement. The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) insurgency started in 1987. As of 2020, the LRA is somewhat active in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic. Joseph Kony leads the movement. He says he is "spokesperson" of God and a spirit medium. The movement does not want Yoweri Museveni and his government in Uganda. They want to start a theocratic state based on the Ten Commandments and Acholi tradition.

The conflict is one of the longest in Africa. It has started a humanitarian crisis. The International Criminal Court says that the LRA has violated human rights. This includes mutilation, torture, slavery, rape, the abduction (kidnapping) of civilians, the use of child soldiers, and a number of massacres. By 2004, the LRA had abducted more than 20,000 children. 1.5 million civilians had to move. The LRA killed about 100,000 civilians.
Background
In January 1986, the National Resistance Army (NRA) of south-west Uganda born Yoweri Museveni overthrew President Tito Okello, an ethnic Acholi. This started a period of unrest. When they tried to liberate the whole country, the NRA were responsible of many atrocities on the people of Acholi. This made some Acholis want to fight against these acts. Reports sometimes say that the Acholi were afraid to lose their traditional (usual) control of the national military. They were also very worried that the NRA would want retribution for the violent counterinsurgency, especially the actions of the army in the Luwero triangle. By August 1986, a complete popular insurgency had started in northern regions that the new government soldiers occupied.

References

Civil wars involving Africa
1980s conflicts
1990s conflicts
2000s conflicts
2010s conflicts
2020s conflicts
Insurgencies
20th century in Africa
21st century in Africa
Chanie "Charlie" Wenjack (January 19, 1954 – October 23, 1966) was an Ojibwe boy who was famous for running away from a residential school. He died while trying to walk 600 km back home. After Wenjack's death, the Canadian government started to investigate residential schools.

Life 
Chanie Wenjack was born at Ogoki Post on the Marten Falls Reserve.

When Wenjack was 9, he and his two sisters were sent to the Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School in Kenora, Ontario. He was known for being funny and for being the first one to understand jokes.

On October 16, 1966, Wenjack ran away from the school with two friends, Ralph and Jackie MacDonald. They stayed with the MacDonalds' uncle, Charley Kelley, at Redditt, which is 31 km from Kenora. Wenjack decided to go back to Ogoki Post by following railroad tracks.

Death 
Wenjack walked for 36 hours. He was wearing a windbreaker. The temperature was −6 °C. Bruises on Wenjack's body showed that he fell several times.
A CN railway engineer found Wenjack's body on October 23 at 11:20AM and called the Ontario Provincial Police. The coroner determined the cause of death to be hunger and exposure.

Wenjack was buried at the reserve on October 27, 1966.

Investigation 
The Canadian government started an investigation into Wenjack's death. It concluded the investigation, saying that:

Legacy 

Chanie Wenjack is a symbol of how students at these schools stood up to the abuses and suffering they experienced there. A lecture at Trent University was named after Wenjack after Indigenous students asked for a building to be named in his honor.

Pop culture 

In 2016, a video was made about Wenjack's life. His sister Pearl was featured in it. 

The Canadian artist Gord Downie released an album with songs about Wenjack.

References 

1954 births
1966 deaths
Native American people
Or Yehuda is a city in Gush Dan, Israel.

Cities in Israel
Franck Allisio (born 4 August 1980) is a French politician.

Biography 
Allisio was born on 4 August 1980 in Marseille.

He joins Roger Karoutchi's firm to manage press relations. After the defeat of 2012, he joins the team of the deputy of Paris Pierre Lellouche.

National President of the "Jeunes actifs" of The Republicans, he announced on September 13, 2015 in Marseille that he would join the Front national.

He is appointed spokesperson for Marion Maréchal-Le Pen's regional campaign in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

In 2017, Franck Allisio obtained 19.89% of the votes in the first round of the legislative elections in the Bouches-du-Rhône's 1st constituency, in Marseille.

Publication 
 L'Union Européenne est morte Vive l'Europe !

References

Other websites 
 
 

1980 births
Living people
Politicians from Marseille
Road to Perdition is a 2002 American crime drama movie directed by Sam Mendes. The screenplay was adapted by David Self from the graphic novel of the same name written by Max Allan Collins and illustrated by Richard Piers Rayner. It stars Tom Hanks, Paul Newman, Jude Law, and Daniel Craig. The story takes place in 1931, during the Great Depression, following a mob enforcer and his son as they seek vengeance against a mobster who murdered the rest of their family.

Filming took place in the Chicago area. Mendes, having recently finished 1999's acclaimed American Beauty, pursued a story that had minimal dialogue and conveyed emotion in the imagery. Cinematographer Conrad L. Hall took advantage of the environment to create symbolism for the movie, for which he won several awards, including a posthumous Academy Award for Best Cinematography. The movie explores several themes, including the consequence of violence and father-son relationships.
The movie was released on July 12, 2002, and grossed over $180 million worldwide. The cinematography, setting, and the lead performances by Hanks and Newman were well received by critics. It was released on home media on February 25, 2003.

Other websites 
 
 

2002 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Sam Mendes
Weep Not, Child is a novel written by the Kenyan author Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. It is his first novel and was published in 1964 under the names James Ngugi. It was the first English novel published by an East African.

Weep Not, Child deals with British colonialism and the Mau Mau Uprising.

Story 
Njoroge is a young Kenyan boy. He is the first one in his family to go to school. His family lives on land owned by Jacobo, an African who became rich by making deals with white settlers (specifically Mr. Howlands).

Everyone is focused on the trial of Jomo Kenyatta. A lot of black people think he will help Kenya become independent. But Kenyatta loses and goes to jail. This leads to more people protesting and more suppression of the black population.

Jacobo and Mr. Howlands fight against the Mau Mau.

Njoroge tries to kill himself. However, his mother find him before he can succeed. He is disappointed and ashamed of being a coward.
Characters 
 Njoroge is the main character. He goes to school to be educated as possible.
 Ngotho is Njoroge's father.
 Nyokabi and Njeri are Ngotho's wives. Njeri is Ngotho's first wife and mother of Boro, Kamau, and Kori. Nyokabi is his second wife and mother of Njoroge and Mwangi.
 Boro, Kamau, Kori and Mwangi are Njoroge's brothers. Mwangi and Njoroge share the same mom and dad. Mwangi died in World War II.
 Mwikaki is Njoroge's friend. He later develops a crush on her.
 Jacobo is the village chief. He is Mwikaki's father.
 Mr. Howlands is a white Englishman. He owns the land that belonged to Ngotho's ancestors.

Themes 
Weep Not, Child talks about Kikuyu stories and African nationalism. It also explores the negative effects of colonialism and imperialism.

Jomo Kenyatta, who was the first prime minister of Kenya, is portrayed as a savior of the nation in the novel.

English-language novels
1964 books
African literature
Kenya
Saint-Denis-en-Val is a French commune. It is in the Loiret department.

Communes in Loiret
Chaingy is a French commune. It is in the Loiret department.

Communes in Loiret
St. Louis County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 St. Louis County, Missouri
 St. Louis County, Minnesota
Midland County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Midland County, Michigan
 Midland County, Texas

Related pages
West Midlands (county)
Elk County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Elk County, Kansas
 Elk County, Pennsylvania

Other 
 Elko County, Nevada
Richmond County is the name of five counties in North America:
 in Canada:
 Richmond County, Nova Scotia

 in the United States:
 Richmond County, Georgia
 Richmond County, New York
 Richmond County, North Carolina
 Richmond County, Virginia
Russell County is the name of five counties in North America:
 in Canada:
 Russell County, Ontario

 in the United States:
 Russell County, Alabama
 Russell County, Kansas
 Russell County, Kentucky
 Russell County, Virginia
Wilkinson County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Wilkinson County, Georgia
 Wilkinson County, Mississippi
Charlotte County is the name of three counties in North America:
 in Canada:
 Charlotte County, New Brunswick

 in the United States:
 Charlotte County, Florida
 Charlotte County, Virginia
Ford County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Ford County, Illinois
 Ford County, Kansas
Halifax County is the name of three counties in North America:
 in Canada:
 Halifax County, Nova Scotia
 in the United States:
 Halifax County, North Carolina
 Halifax County, Virginia
I Am Not a Witch is a 2017 Zambian French German British drama movie directed by Rungano Nyoni and starring Maggie Mulubwa, Nellie Munamonga, Dyna Mufuni, Nancy Murilo.

Other websites
 

2017 drama movies
Zambian movies
French drama movies
German drama movies
British drama movies
Movies about witchcraft
Movies set in Zambia
Gloucester County is the name of three counties in North America:
 in Canada:
 Gloucester County, New Brunswick

 in the United States:
 Gloucester County, New Jersey
 Gloucester County, Virginia

Other 
 Gloucestershire, a ceremonial county in England
Nelson County is the name of three counties in the United States:
 Nelson County, Kentucky
 Nelson County, North Dakota
 Nelson County, Virginia
Lenoir County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 59,495 people lived there. Its county seat is Kinston.

References 

1790s establishments in North Carolina
1791 establishments in the United States
North Carolina counties
Kane County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Kane County, Illinois
 Kane County, Utah
Terrell County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Terrell County, Georgia
 Terrell County, Texas
Webster County is the name of seven counties and a parish in the United States:
 Webster County, Georgia
 Webster County, Iowa
 Webster County, Kentucky
 Webster County, Mississippi
 Webster County, Missouri
 Webster County, Nebraska
 Webster County, West Virginia
 Webster Parish, Louisiana
Teton County is the name of three counties in the United States:
 Teton County, Idaho
 Teton County, Montana
 Teton County, Wyoming
Irma Lanzas (7 August 1933 – 11 July 2020) was a Salvadoran writer and educator. She was a member of the Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua. She was born in Cojutepeque, El Salvador.

Lanzas died in San Salvador on 11 July 2020, aged 86.

References

Salvadoran academics
Salvadoran writers
1933 births
2020 deaths
Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty ( Ānandamōhan Cakrabartī; April 4, 1938 – July 10, 2020) was an Indian-American microbiologist and researcher. He was known for his work in directed evolution and his role in creating a genetically engineered organism using plasmid. This led to landmark Supreme Court case, Diamond v. Chakrabarty.

Chakrabarty died on July 10, 2020 in Illinois, aged 82.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Indian biologists
American microbiologists
Medical researchers
Jyotsna Jyoti Bhatt (6 March 1940 – 11 July 2020) was an Indian ceramist and potter. She studied and later taught at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda for forty years. She was born in Mandvi, Cutch State, British India. During her long career she worked with stoneware and terracotta. Her works reflected her interest in nature. Her many works are about cats, dogs, birds, lotus buds, toys and platters.

Bhatt died on 11 July 2020, two days after a stroke, in Vadodara, Gujarat at the age of 80. She was married to artist Jyoti Bhatt.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Indian artists
Indian educators
Deaths from stroke
Jyotindra Manshankar Bhatt (born 12 March 1934), better known as Jyoti Bhatt, is an Indian artist. He is best known for his work in painting and printmaking and also his photographic documentation of rural Indian culture. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2019. Bhatt was married to artist Jyotsna Bhatt. His work are seen at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, The Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. and The British Museum, London.

References

1934 births
Living people
Indian artists
Edward Urban Kmiec (  (June 4, 1936 – July 11, 2020) was an American Roman Catholic prelate. He was the 13th Roman Catholic Bishop of Buffalo. Kmiec also was an auxiliary bishop for the Diocese of Trenton from 1982 until he was promoted to Bishop of Nashville in 1992. He retired in 2005.

Kmiec was born in Trenton, New Jersey. He died on July 11, 2020 at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
American Roman Catholic bishops
People from Trenton, New Jersey
People from Buffalo, New York
People from Nashville, Tennessee
The Federal Parliament of Somalia (; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya; ; ) is the national parliament of Somalia. It was formed in August 2012. It is based in the capital Mogadishu and is bicameral. It is made up of an Upper House (Senate) and a Lower House (House of the People). The tenth Parliament of Somalia was inaugurated on 27 December 2016.

References

Politics of Somalia
Judith Aileen Dyble (pronounced Die-bull; 13 February 1949 – 12 July 2020) was an English singer-songwriter and pianist. She was known for being a vocalist and a founding member of Fairport Convention and Trader Horne. She and Ian McDonald joined and recorded several tracks with Giles, Giles and Fripp, who later became King Crimson. Dyble was born in London.

Dyble died in Oxfordshire, England on 12 July 2020 from lung cancer, aged 71.

References

1949 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
English pianists
Singer-songwriters from London
Musicians from London
Hassan Abshir Farah (, ; June 20, 1945 – July 12, 2020) was a Somali politician. He was mayor of Mogadishu and interior minister of Puntland. From November 12, 2001 to December 8, 2003, he was also prime minister of Somalia. Farah was an MP in the Federal Parliament of Somalia from 2012 until his death.

Farah died in Turkey on July 12, 2020 at the age of 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Mayors
Prime Ministers of Somalia