Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
He also nominated as lifetime member by Sir Syed Minority Foundation of India.
 On 8 March 2015, Wajid Khan was invited to deliver a lecture in IIM Indore, on the subject of Innovation in Management. He also shared his story to students from being a simple village boy to a record-holder nail-artist.
 He delivered a guest lecture at two-day Inter University Arts & Crafts Exhibition organized in Lovely Professional University. Analyzing 800+ art-works of LPU students and from 200 other participating institutions displayed at the exhibition center, Wajid Khan forwarded important pieces of advice to the budding artists.
 Was invited as Guest of Honour at Manav Rachna International University’s four-day premier architectural convention Zonal NASA 2016.
News 

 Today's 'DA VINCI' Wajid Khan India
Artist Wajid Khan turns nails, bullets and automotive parts into art that tells tales

References

Other websites
 Wajid Khan's website 
 

1981 births
Living people
Indian painters
CIH (also known as Chernobyl or Spacefiller) is a Windows 9x computer virus which first appeared in 1998. It was created by Chen Ing-hau, a Chinese student. The name it was given is based on his initials. After the virus is run on April 26, it will start adding random data to files on the hard drive. On some computers it will also corrupt the BIOS. This will leave the computer unable to operate until the hard drive is recovered with data recovery software and the BIOS is manually reflashed. It does not infect Windows NT computers. It resulted in over 1 billion USD worth in damages. In 1999, IBM shipped some of their Aptiva computers with the virus already on the computer. Some games, like Activision's SiN and Electronic Arts' Wing Commander came with the virus.

References

Malware
CryptoLocker is a file encrypting ransomware. It first appeared in September 2013. It was transferred using email attachments and botnets. The ransomware encrypts most files on the computer (including connected devices), using an RSA encryption.After infection Cryptolocker scan the victim’s folder structure for files matching a set of file extensions, encrypt them and display a message window that demands a ransom in order to decrypt the files. Cryptolocker use RSA public-key cryptography.  Once it has encrypted the files, it will display a window asking for 2 Bitcoin for the decryption program. It will give the user 72 hours to pay the ransom.

If the user does not pay the fee in time, the ransomware will uninstall itself and ask the user to download it again. It will then ask the user for 10 Bitcoin, instead of 2. A program to decrypt (fix) files was later made available.

References

Malware
Ransomware is a type of malware. It restricts access to the computer system that it infects all the data that it stores (often using encryption techniques), and demands a ransom be paid to the creator(s) of the malware. This is in order for the restriction to be removed. Some forms of ransomware encrypt files on the system's hard disk. Others may simply lock the system and display messages intended to persuade the user to pay.

Ransomware first became popular in Russia. Now the use of ransomware scams has grown internationally. In June 2013, McAfee said it had collected over 250,000 unique samples of ransomware in the first three months of 2013. This is more than double the number of the previous year. CryptoLocker, a ransomware worm that surfaced in late-2013, had collected an estimated $3 million USD before it was taken down by authorities.
In May 2017, a piece of ransomware called WannaCry spread around the world. It lasted four days and affected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries. Only about $130,000 (USD) was ever paid in ransom, but the attack affected a lot of large companies and organizations. The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) was hit hard by WannaCry. Hospitals could not access their files, and so many surgeries were cancelled and patients had to be turned away. The NHS was especially at risk because it was using a version of the Windows operating system called Windows XP that Microsoft no longer supported. This meant that Microsoft had not been sending out security updates for this version of Windows, leaving it open to the WannaCry virus. Other systems were affected even though they were running newer versions of Windows, because their users had not yet installed the most recent security updates
. Even though it was not designed to actually damage computers or their files, WannaCry led to a lot of wasted time and money, showing how vulnerable the world still is to ransomware attacks.
Christopher James Hardman (26 August 1990 – 23 March 2015), known by the stage name Lil' Chris, was an English singer-songwriter, actor, and television personality. His career began in 2006, after appearing on the Channel 4 series Rock School. Later that year, he released the single "Checkin' It Out", which charted at number 3, and a self-titled album. 

Chris committed suicide (killed himself) by hanging on 23 March 2015 at his home in Lowestoft, aged 24.

References

1990 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Suffolk
English singer-songwriters
Suicides by hanging in the United Kingdom
Colonel Arthur Richard Cecil Butson, GC, OMM, CD and Bar (24 October 1922 – 24 March 2015) was a British-born Canadian explorer and physician. 

He then joined the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1946 during World War II. In 1947 was awarded the Albert Medal, then, with the George Cross. Later, all holders of the Albert Medal were ordered to exchange that medal for the George Cross.

Butson died at the age of 92 on 24 March 2015.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Canadian physicians
Andreas Günter Lubitz (18 December 1987 – 24 March 2015) was a German pilot for the international airline Lufthansa. Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin, French and German authorities, as well as executives of Lufthansa, have issued statements that they believe that Lubitz intentionally crashed the Airbus A320 of Germanwings Flight 9525 (GWI18G & D-AIPX) into the French Alps, killing himself along with 149 others in a suicide on 24 March 2015.

Notes

References

1987 births
2015 deaths
Aviation deaths
German murderers
People from Bavaria
Ivo Garrani (6 February 1924 – 25 March 2015) was an Italian actor. Garrani is possibly best known for his role as Prince Vajda in Mario Bava's Black Sunday (1960).

References

Other websites

1924 births
2015 deaths
People from Abruzzo
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Richard M. (Dick) Bond (April 23, 1921 – March 25, 2015) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served the 6th district from 1975 to 1987.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
Politicians from Washington (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Ronald "Ron" Suart (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2015) was an English football player and manager.

Suart was a full-back at Blackpool, playing alongside fellow defenders George Farrow and Harry Johnston in a team which also included Stanley Matthews and Stan Mortensen. Blackpool reached the 1948 FA Cup Final, but Suart missed it through injury. He transferred to Blackburn Rovers in 1949, before retiring in 1955.

Suart died in March 2015, aged 94.

References

1920 births
2015 deaths
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Cumbria
Luís Miguel Rocha (February 1976 – 26 March 2015) was a Portuguese author, television writer and producer. Rocha wrote and produced television in London. Rocha's second novel, The Last Pope, was published in 2006. The novel examines the conspiracy theories about the death of Pope John Paul I.

References

Other websites
Official website

1976 births
2015 deaths
Portuguese writers
Television writers
Television producers
Ṭhenphunga Sailo (January 1, 1922 – March 27, 2015) was the second Chief Minister of Mizoram, a state in northeast India. He served as a member of the Mizoram People's Conference, across two stints between 1978 to 1984. Prior to that he served as an officer in the British India Army and then the Indian Army, retiring as a brigadier.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Indian politicians
People from Mizoram
Rodney Clark "Hot Rod" Hundley (October 26, 1934 – March 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and television broadcaster. He played for the Los Angeles Lakers from 1957 to 1963. He later became known as a broadcaster for the Utah Jazz. Hundley was born in Charleston, West Virginia.

Hundley died of Alzheimer's disease at his home in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 80.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Los Angeles Lakers players
American television personalities
People from Charleston, West Virginia
Sportspeople from West Virginia
O Death — also known as O, Death, Oh Death, and Conversations with Death — is a traditional American folk song.

Country blues banjo player Moran Lee "Dock" Boggs (1898-1971) recorded the song in the late 1920s. A recording from the 1938 National Folk Festival held in Washington, D.C. is on file with the Library of Congress.  Various folk music artists included Oh, Death on a variety of musical collections throughout the 1970s and '80s.

References

Folk songs
"Man of Constant Sorrow" (also known as "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow") is a traditional American folk song first recorded by Dick Burnett, a partially blind fiddler from Kentucky.  The song was originally recorded by Burnett as "Farewell Song" printed in a Richard Burnett songbook, about 1913. 

An early version was recorded by Emry Arthur in 1928 (Vocalion Vo 5208). It became popular again when it was played in the 2000 movie O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

Folk songs
Amaro Silva (c. 1957 – March 27, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He served on the Winnipeg City Council from 1992 to 1998.

Silva died on March 27, 2015 following a "serious illness", aged 57.

References

1957 births
2015 deaths
Politicians from Winnipeg
Josef Sommer (born June 26, 1934) is a German-American stage and movie actor. He was born in Greifswald, Germany, and raised in North Carolina.  He appeared as 38th President Gerald Ford opposite Gena Rowlands in the made-for-TV movie The Betty Ford Story (1987). He is known for his role as Dr. Eaton in the 1998 movie Patch Adams.

References

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
Actors from North Carolina
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
German movie actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
The George Washington University Hospital is the hub of a major medical center in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It is affiliated with the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.  The current building was opened on August 23, 2002. Since 1997, The George Washington University Hospital has been jointly owned and operated by a parnership between a subsidiary of Universal Health Services and The George Washington University.

In 1981 after being shot, Ronald Reagan was taken to the hospital.

References

Other websites

Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Hospitals in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
George Washington University
Jack Higgins (born Henry Patterson; 27 July 1929 – 9 April 2022) was a British writer. He was one of the best-selling authors of popular thrillers and espionage novels. His breakthrough novel The Eagle Has Landed (1975). He was also known for his books;  A Prayer for the Dying (1987), The Eagle Has Flown (1991), Thunder Point (1993), Angel of Death (1995), Flight of Eagles (1998), and Day of Reckoning (2000).

Higgins died on 9 April 2022 at his home in Jersey, Channel Islands at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 
 The Unofficial Jack Higgins Homepage
 Jack Higgins Blog 
 Author's page at HarperCollins Publishers 

1929 births
2022 deaths
English novelists
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Writers from Tyne and Wear
Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep. The condition affects the brain and its cognitive function. The condition can be either chronic or acute. Paradoxically, sleep deprivation can be used to treat certain disorders, such as clinical depression. Sleep deprivation has also been used as a form of torture. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation including poor sleep hygiene, lifestyle choices, work obligations, sleep disorders, and other medical conditions. Sleep deficiency may be caused by other sleep disorders or medical conditions. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. Other medical or mental health problems, such as pain or general anxiety disorder, can interfere with the quality and quantity of sleep.
Generally, sleep deprivation may result in:
 aching muscles
 confusion, memory lapses or loss
 depression
 development of false memory
 hallucinations
 hand tremor
hand tremor
 headaches
 malaise
 stye
 periorbital puffiness, commonly known as "bags under eyes" or eye bags
 increased blood pressure
 increased stress hormone levels
 increased risk of diabetes
 increased risk of fibromyalgia
 irritability
 nystagmus (rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement)
 obesity
 seizures
 temper tantrums in children
 yawning
 mania
 symptoms similar to:
 attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
 psychosis
Causes 
There are many reasons why a person may not get enough sleep. Examples include:

 shift work
 meeting deadlines
 a sleeping environment that is noisy or not the right temperature
 using electronic devices close to bedtime or keeping them in the bedroom
 medical problems, such as depression, sleep apnea, or chronic pain
 caring for another person during the night

Types of Sleep Deprivation 
Sleep deprivation and sleep insufficiency may be categorised in different ways depending on a person’s circumstances.

 Acute sleep deprivation refers to a short period, usually a few days or less, when a person has a significant reduction in their sleep time.
 Chronic sleep deprivation, also known as insufficient sleep syndrome, is defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine as curtailed sleep that persists for three months or longer.
 Chronic sleep deficiency or insufficient sleep can describe ongoing sleep deprivation as well as poor sleep that occurs because of sleep fragmentation or other disruptions.
References

Sleep disorders
Both perception ("experiencing") and remembering are processes which involve the brain. For this reason, errors do sometimes occur. Errors in perception are commonly called illusions. Emil Kraepelin used the term "Erinnerungsverfälschung" (memory falsification) to speak about false memories.

Perceptions need stimuli to be created. A perception without a stimulus is called hallucination. Much like the difference between illusion and hallucination, Kraepelin wanted to distinguish between a false memory and memories of something that did not really happen, which he called "Erinnerkungsfälschung". Unfortunately, both German terms translate to the same English term.

A false memory is a condition where a person remembers something that did not occur or where the memory does not closely match the occurrence.
Remembering events that did not occur 
Using suggestion and hypnosis, it is possible to make people believe they experienced something, when they did not. Such phenomena also occur spontaneously, for example in a stressful situation, or when someone is not sleeping enough.

Lost in the mall 
To prove the existence of false memories, an experiment was conducted: People were given small stories of supposed relatives who told how these people were lost in a shopping mall, at age five or six, and how they had to be "rescued" by an adult. The experiment was done with 24 people. Afterwards, six people said that they remembered the event, even though it had never happened.

Mandela effect 
False memories can sometimes be shared by multiple people. This is sometimes called the Mandela effect. Examples include memories of the Berenstain Bears' name being spelled Berenstein, and of the existence of a 1990s movie entitled Shazaam starring comedian Sinbad as a genie.
The effect is named after South African anti-Apartheid leader Nelson Mandela after people believed he died in prison in the 1980s (he actually died in 2013, after having served as President of South Africa from 1994-99), which she claimed was shared by "perhaps thousands" of other people.

Legal implications 
Sometimes, people are accused of a crime, and often part of the evidence consists of facts other people remember. It is a problem to convict someone of a crime, based only on such evidence. In the case of sexual abuse or of child abuse these memories will usually be bad ones, and the brain will have changed them, as a measure of protection. Before a conviction is done, the court needs to make sure that the conviction does not happen based on the recollection of only one person, as recovering the "facts" behind the memories can be difficult.

Other websites

References

Symptoms
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" is a song by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams. The song was released on June 18, 1991. It was the first single on his sixth studio album Waking Up the Neighbours. It is also featured on the soundtrack for the 1991 movie Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves.

The song was able to peak at #1 on many different music charts. It sold more than 15 million copies worldwide and is Adams' most successful song. It is one of the best-selling singles of all time.

In 1992, the song won a Grammy Award in the category of Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. It was also nominated in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male. The song was also nominated for an Academy Award in the category of Best Song.

References

Other websites 
 

1991 songs
1990s ballads
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Bryan Adams songs
Brandy Norwood songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Rock ballads
Vaginal discharge  is the fluid coming out of the vagina. It can be clear or different colors, white, yellow or green. It can be different thicknesses.
Most of the time clear discharge is normal. Clear discharge is part of the menstrual cycle.  Some discharge can be from an infection, sickness or disease. The discharge from a yeast infection (Candiditis) is white and thick with lumps. Discharge can be a result of an infection that you get while having sex, sexually transmitted disease.
The term blennorrhea is often used to designate mucus discharge from the urethra or vagina. Discharge from an infection called bacterial vaginosis that has a 'fishy' smell.

More information
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007 while blennorrhagia designates an excess of such discharge, often specifically referring to that seen in gonorrhea.

References

Sexually transmitted diseases
Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure or eruption fissure, is a kind of volcano through which lava erupts. The crack is usually linear (follows a fairly straight line). It is often a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood of lava and later lava tubes. After some time the eruption cools down gradually and builds up craters.

References
Malalai Bahaduri is a Senior Instructor in the Afghan National Interdiction Unit (NIU), with the military rank of Second Lieutenant. In 2013, Bahaduri received an International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

Bahaduri worked as a telecommunications operator.  In 2002, the Taliban rule of Afghanistan ended, and Bahaduri decided to join law enforcement. Her uncle did not want her to do this.  He threatened Bahaduri with death, and he physically abused her.  

Bahaduri is the first woman in the Afghan National Interdiction Unit. She worked in counternarcotics operations in all 34 provinces of Afghanistan.

References

Other websites 

 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Afghan military people
Tsering Woeser (also written Öser; Han name Chéng Wénsà 程文萨; born 1966) is a Tibetan activist, blogger, poet and essayist.  She lives in China.

Life 

Woeser is a quarter Han and three quarters Tibetan.  She was born in Lhasa. Her grandfather as a Han ethnic.  He was an officer in the Nationalist Army of the Kuomintang.  Her father was a high ranking Army officer in the People's Liberation Army.

When Woeser was a small child, her family moved to the Kham area of western Sichuan province. In 1988, she graduated from Southwest University for Nationalities in Chengdu with a degree in Chinese literature. She worked as a reporter in Kardzé and later worked in Lhasa.  In 2003, she moved to Beijing because of political problems. Woeser is married to Wang Lixiong, a famous author.   Lixiong often writes about Tibet.  According to Reporters sans frontières, "Woeser is one of the few Tibetan authors and poets to write in Chinese."  Because the government refused to give Woeser a passport, Woeser sued the government.
Work 

Woeser wrote a book, Notes on Tibet (西藏笔记; Xīzàng Bǐjì). According to the Tibet Information Network, unnamed sources say that the government banned the book about September 2003. According to UNPO, Woeser lost her job shortly after the ban.  Radio Free Asia said that she continued to write poems and articles on her two blogs: Maroon Map (绛红色的地图, oser.tibetcul.net), which, according to the author, was visited mostly by Tibetans, and the Woeser blog (blog.daqi.com/weise), which was visited mostly by those of Han ethnicity.  According to RFA, on July 28, 2006, both blogs were closed by the government.  The blogs were probably closed because she wrote birthday greetings to the Dalai Lama and wrote about other sensitive topics. Woeser said that she would continue to write and to speak.
During the Tibetan unrest of 2008, Woeser and her husband were put under house arrest after they spoke to reporters. In December 2008, Woeser and her husband were among the first of the original 303 people to sign Charter 08, Now, thousands more have signed it. Liu Xiaobo, the author of Charter 08, went to prison for 11 years.  He received the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize. In July 2009, Woeser and her husband, along with more than 100 other people, signed a petition for the Chinese govenrmnent to free ethnic-Uyghur professor of economics Ilham Tohti. When Woeser won the Prince Claus Awards in 2011, the government did not permit her to receive the prize in the Dutch embassy.
Awards
In 2007, Tsering Woeser received the Norwegian Authors Union awards Freedom of Expression Prize.
In 2007, Woeser received the freedom of speech medal from the Association of Tibetan Journalists.
In 2010, International Women's Media Foundation gave Woeser the Courage in Journalism Award.
In 2011, she received the Prince Claus Award, with the theme Breaking taboos
In 2013, Tsering Woeser received the International Women of Courage Award
Writing 
Xīzàng zài shàng 《西藏在上》(Live Tibet) (Xining, Qīnghǎi rénmín chūbǎnshè 青海人民出版社 1999), Woeser's first poetry edition
 Xīzàng Bǐjì 《西藏笔记》(Notes on Tibet) (Guangzhou, Huāchéng chūbǎnshè 花城出版社 2003), . Also published in Taiwan as Míng wéi Xīzàng de shī 《名为西藏的诗》 (Taiwan, Dàkuài wénhuà 大块文化 2006), .
 Jiànghóngsè de Nímǎ Cìrén 绛红色的尼玛次仁, in: Mǎ Míngbó 马明博, Xiāo Yáo 肖瑶 (eds.): Wénhuà míngjiā huà fóyuán 文化名家话佛缘 (Beijing, Zhōngguó dàng'àn chūbǎnshè 中国档案出版社 2004), .* Jiànghóngsè de dìtú 《绛红色的地图》 (Taiwan, Shíyīng chūbǎnshè 时英出版社 2003), ; (Beijing, Zhōngguó lǚyóu chūbǎnshè 中国旅游出版社 2004), .
 Bākuò Jiē de cāngsāng 八廓街的沧桑, in: Jīn Zhìguó 金志国 (ed.): Xīzàng dāngdài lǚxíngjì 西藏当代旅行记 (Lhasa, Xīzàng rénmín chūbǎnshè 西藏人民出版社 2004), .
 Shājié. Sishi nian de jiyi jinqu《杀劫》(Forbidden memory. Tibet during the Cultural Revolution) (Taiwan, Dàkuài wénhuà 大块文化 2006), .
Tibet’s True Heart. Selected Poems. Dobbs Ferry, NY, 2008 (Ragged Banner Press Exzerpts), . Poems by Woeser (Weise), translated by A. E. Clark, Review 10−10−2008  (highpeakspureearth.com) Review 10−10−2008  (savetibet.org)
 Tibet on Fire: Self-Immolations Against Chinese Rule Verso, London (2016)
References

Other websites

 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
“They Have Guns, and I, a Pen”: Highly Valuable New Source on the Tibetan Rebellion
Woeser's blog
High Peaks Pure Earth, English translations of writings by Woeser
Introduction to Woeser, See "Secret Tibet" on this web page, from the website Tibet Writes
An Eye from History and Reality — Woeser and the Story of Tibet
An Analysis of the Woeser Incident  by Wang Lixiong
Article from Woeser  about the film Dreaming Lhasa
 Lone Tibetan Voice, Intent on Speaking Out 

1966 births
Living people
Bloggers
Essayists
Chinese poets
Tibetan rights activists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
People from Lhasa
Julieta Castellanos (born 8 January 1954) is a Honduran sociologist. She is the rector of the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) since 2009.  Castellanos has worked against violence in Honduras, working mostly on drug cartels and police corruption. She worked for reform of the courts and the police. In 2004, Castellanos started the Observatorio de la Violencia (Violence Observatory) at UNAH. The Violence Observatory analyzes crime statistics in Honduras. She was also a member of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.  The job of this commission was to find the facts of the 2009 coup that removed President Manuel Zelaya from power.

Life and education
Castellanos was born in San Francisco de Becerra, Olancho on 8 January 1954.  Her mother was Rafael Castellanos of Santa Bárbara, and her father was Ernestina Ruiz of Olancho. She grew up in the sugar fields of rural Honduras. In 1968, Castellanos' father gave her a test to be a student at the Normal School for Girls in the city of Tegucigalpa. She entered the school and graduated in 1973 with a teaching degree. In 1974, Castellanos won two scholarships to study social work at the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) and social sciences in the College of Teachers. After several years of study, she finished her studies with a master's degree in economics from UNAH and a bachelor's degree in sociology from the University of Costa Rica.
After she finished her studies, Castellanos became a professor at UNAH in 1978. She was head of the Social Sciences Department and President of the Association of Teachers from 1997 to 2001. Castellanos was also the President of the Association of Professors of the University Center of General Studies (CUEG) in 1986, Coordinator of the Violence Observatory since 2005, consultant to the Arias Foundation for Human Progress and the  Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), and Research Associate of the Centro de Documentatión de Honduras (CEDOH). For 13 years, Castellanos was also the author of a newspaper column.

Head of the National Autonomous University of Honduras
Castellanos was elected to a four-year term as Rector of the National Autonomous University of Honduras in 2009. At the time of her appointment as rector, she was also the Coordinator of the UNAH Violence Observatory and Director of the Instituto Universitario en Democracia Paz y Seguridad (Institute for Democracy, Peace and Security, IUDPAS).  IUDPAS was started with support from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) when Castellanos worked as a consultant for the UNDP. Castellanos took the place of Jorge Abraham Arita, who was removed for incompetence. In a press conference, College Board president Olvin Rodriguez said Castellanos was chosen as rector because she was well-respected by the university community, and also by Honduran society and internationally.
Shortly after Castellanos got the job of rector, President Manuel Zelaya was removed from power in a coup. During a demonstration by University students, the police tired to stop the demonstration.  The police pushed Castellanos down when she tried to stop them. During her time as rector, she had disagreements with SITRAUNAH, the union for the University's employees.  She also received criticism because she fired 60 employees who protested at the university 2009.  Castellanos oversaw the construction of a sports complex, an administrative building, and a university clinic.  The university invested L1,500 million in the clinic.

Castellanos' four years as rector ended in April 2013. She remained interim rector.  In September 2013, she won an election for another term as head of the university.

Work against violence and corruption
Castellanos was a strong advocate for police reform and against violent crime in Honduras. She pushed for an international commission to oversee a purge of the police.  The National Congress of Honduras approved the idea.   Castellanos also spoke about gun politics in Honduras.  She asked the Honduran armed forces to destroy illegal guns, including AK-47s.

In October 2011, the Honduran national police kidnapped and killed Castellanos' 22-year-old son. The incident called attention to the degree of corruption within the Honduran police. Castellanos called for an end to foreign aid for the Honduran police and military, demanding that they "stop feeding the beast."

Awards

Castellanos received the first Martin Luther King, Jr. Award on 20 April 2012. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Foundation and the Instituto Hondureño de Cultura Interamericana gave her the award in a ceremony.
In March 2013, Castellanos received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department. US Secretary of State John Kerry and First Lady Michelle Obama presented the award.

Related pages
List of scientists from North America

References

Other websites 

Interview with Castellanos
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

1954 births
Living people
Honduran people
Political activists
Sociologists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Academics
Tim Omaji (born 9 September 1987), also known by his former stage name Timomatic, is an Australian singer-songwriter and dancer. He is best known for his single "Set It Off". He was a contestant on So You Think You Can Dance Australia in 2009, finishing seventh in the competition. He also appeared as a contestant on Australia's Got Talent and placed third in the competition. Later that year, he signed with Sony Music Australia.

Omaji was born in Nigeria. He moved to Australia when he was ten months old. He lived in many places all over the nation before settling in Canberra.

References

Other websites

 
 

1987 births
Living people
Australian musicians
Australian pop singers
Australian singer-songwriters
Australian dancers
People from Canberra
R&B musicians
Reality television participants
Josephine "Joe" Obiajulu Okei-Odumakin is a Nigerian women's rights activist. She is the president of the rights groups Women Arise for Change Initiative and the Campaign for Democracy.

Life

Odumakin was born in Zaria, Kaduna on 4 July 1966.  She grew up in a Roman Catholic household.

Work 

In 1987, Odumakin received a bachelor's degree in English Education.  Then she received a master's degree in Guidance and Counseling and a doctorate in History and Policy of Education from the University of Ilorin. She was arrested often for her activism, especially during the military rule of Ibrahim Babangida.  She met her future husband, Yinka Odumakin, in prison.

Awards 

 In 2013, Odumakin received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

References

Other websites 

 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1966 births
Nigerian activists
Human rights activists
People from Kaduna State
Elena Milashina (Russian: Елена Милашина, born 28 October 1978) is a Russian investigative journalist for Novaya Gazeta.  In October 2009, Milashina received Human Rights Watch's Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism. 

In 2006, Milashina's colleague Anna Politkovskaya was assassinated in Moscow. Milashina continues the investigations.  

In the early morning of April 5, 2012, two unidentified people attacked Milashina and her friend Ella Asoyan in the Balashika neighborhood of Moscow.

In 2013, Elena Milashina received an International Women of Courage Award.

Related pages
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References

Other websites

Milashina Speaks Out on Alarming Rise in Murders, Threats Against Critics of Government Abuses in North Caucasus - video report by Democracy Now!
1978 births
Living people
Russian journalists
Russian crime victims
Russian writers
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Free Media Award winners
Fartuun Abdisalaan Adan (, ) is a Somali social activist.

Life 

Fartuun grew up in Somalia. She married Elman Ali Ahmed, a local entrepreneur and peace activist. The couple had four daughters.

In 1996, during the high point of the Somali Civil War, Fartuun's husband was killed near the family's home in southern Mogadishu. After her husband died, Fartuun emigrated to Canada in 1999.

In 2007, Fartuun returned to Somalia. She became an advocate for peace and human rights.

Work 

The center is a NGO based in Mogadishu. Fartuun established the center in honor of her late husband. Fartuun is the organization's Executive Director. Fartuun's daughter Ilwad works with her.

Through the center, Fartuun also co-founded Sister Somalia, the country's first program to help victims of sexual violence.

Awards 

In 2013, Adan received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.
In 2014, she also received an award from the government of Germany for her work with the Elman Peace and Human Rights Centre.

References

Other websites 

 Sister Somalia
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Somalian activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
An administrative centre is sometimes used in some countries to refer to a county town, or other seat of regional/local government, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.

Related pages
Chef-lieu, administrative centres in Algeria, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, and Tunisia.
County seat, administrative centres in the United States.
County town, administrative centres in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

Local government
Regions
Types of settlements
In library science and information science, authority control means the use and maintenance of the forms of names, subjects, uniform titles, etc. used as headings in a catalog. Since this creates a link between bibliographic records and the authority file, authority control provides the underlying structure of the catalog.

Other websites
 FIU Libraries 

Science
The Quarter Pounder is a hamburger product sold by international fast food chain McDonald's.. Until 2015, the weight of the patty was four ounces (a quarter of a pound) (113.4 grams).  Since 2015, the weight of a patty has been 4.25 ounces (120 grams). The Quarter Pounder has two buns, two slices of American cheese, pickles and onions, as well as ketchup and mustard. The Quarter Pounder was created by Al Bernardin, a franchise owner, in Fremont, California, in 1971. As a competitor to the Whopper

Other websites
 Quarter Pounder at mcdonalds.com

McDonald's
American food
Sandwiches
Montabaur is a town in Germany. Andreas Lubitz came from the town.

References

Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Princess Leonore of Sweden, Duchess of Gotland (Leonore Lilian Maria; born 20 February 2014) is a member of The Swedish Royal Family. She is the elder child of Princess Madeleine of Sweden and Christopher O'Neill, and a granddaughter of King Carl XVI Gustaf. She was christened on 8 June 2014. The princess is currently eighth in the line of succession to the Swedish throne.

Titles, styles, honors, and arms

 20 February 2014 – 6 October 2019: Her Royal Highness Princess Leonore Lilian Maria of Sweden, Duchess of Gotland

 7 October 2019 – present: Princess Leonore Lilian Maria  of Sweden, Duchess of Gotland

Honors

 Member of the Order of the Seraphim (8 June 2014)

References 

2014 births
Swedish princesses
Living people
People from Manhattan
House of Bernadotte
Christopher Paul O'Neill (born 27 June 1974), is a British-American businessperson and the husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden. He is the father of Princess Leonore, Prince Nicolas, and Princess Adrienne.

References

1974 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Boston
Businesspeople from London
The Eurovision Song Contest 2015 was the 60th edition of the contest and took place in Vienna, Austria, after Conchita Wurst won for Austria in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2014.

A total of 40 countries participated in that year, while Australia participated for the first time ever as a special-guest due the 60th anniversery.

Ukraine quit because of politics, while Cyprus, Czech Republic and Serbia returned to the contest.

First Semi-Final 
The first semi-final took place on Tuesday, the 19th May 2015. 16 countries participated and 10 qualified for the final (fed marked).

The "Big-Five" members Austria, France and Spain voted in this semi-final.

Televoting and Jury results of Semi-Final 1

Second Semi-Final 
The second semi-final took place on Thursday, the 21th May 2015. 17 countries participated and 10 qualified for the final, shown in bold.

The "Big-Five" members Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom voted in this semi-final.
Grand Final 
The Grand Final took place on Saturday, the 23th May 2015. Sweden won with 365 points, while Austria and Germany finished both last with zero points.

2015 in music
2015
Vienna
Satellite DNA has many sections of repeating, non-coding DNA. 

Satellite DNA is a type of tandem repeat. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end. Tandem repeats also include minisatellite and microsatellite DNA. 
Satellite DNA is the main component of centromeres. It forms the main part of heterochromatin.

The most common type of tandem repeat is the heterochromatin, which sits on chromosomes around the centromeres and elsewhere. It is "transcriptionally inactive", meaning, it does not code for proteins.

References 

DNA
Tandem repeats occur in DNA when a pattern of nucleotides is repeated. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end. 

An example would be:   ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG   in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.

Terminology 
If between 10 and 60 nucleotides are repeated, it is called a minisatellite. Those with fewer are known as microsatellites or 'short tandem repeats'.

When exactly two nucleotides are repeated, it is called a dinucleotide repeat (for example: ACACACAC…).

When three nucleotides are repeated, it is called a trinucleotide repeat (for example: CAGCAGCAGCAG…). Abnormalities in such regions can give rise to trinucleotide repeat disorders.

The repeat unit copy number may be variable. This is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).
Uses 
A tandem repeat pattern helps determine an individual's inherited traits. Tandem repeats can be very useful in determining parentage. Short tandem repeats are used for certain genealogical DNA tests.

In genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling, DNA is examined from tandem repeats in the chromosomal DNA.

Reference 

DNA
Dusty the Klepto Kitty is a famous Snowshoe cat. He became popular in early 2011 for his acts of "burglary" in his neighborhood.

By then, Dusty had stolen 16 car wash mitts, 7 sponges, 213 dish towels, 7 wash cloths, 5 bath towels, 18 shoes, 73 socks, 100 gloves, 1 pair of mittens, 3 aprons, 40 balls, 4 pairs of underwear, 1 dog collar, 6 rubber toys, 1 blanket, 3 leg warmers, 2 Frisbees, 1 golf club cover, 1 safety mask, 2 mesh bags, 1 bag of water balloons, 1 pair of pajama pants, 8 swimsuits, and 8 other objects. 

His behavior got him an appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman in February 2011. 

He got the nickname "Klepto Kitty"" because of the word Kleptomania.  He had already taken more than 600 items from the gardens he roams around in. Most of his theft happens at night. The most he has brought home at once is eleven things, his owners say. He has even been caught on camera carrying home a bra.
Early years 
Dusty was born on March 20, 2006. He lives in San Mateo, California.  He was adopted from an animal shelter; the Peninsula Humane Society. His owners are Jean Chu and Jim Coleman.

For his first two years, Dusty stayed home and seemed to be a normal cat. But in 2008, his owners began to find items and clothes that did not belong to them showing up in the house. Sometimes, the cat would put them in his owner's bed. They began to suspect that their cat was bringing them home. This turned out to be very true.
Fame 
Dusty didn't really get much attention outside of his neighborhood until February 2011. Animal Planet had read about him in People magazine. Animal Planet had a TV show named Must Love Cats and they made a feature about Dusty.  Their crew was able to set up a night vision camera and catch Dusty bringing home his treasures. After this, there was a news story on KGO TV station in San Francisco .  He began to be seen in YouTube videos and got famous on the internet. He was interviewed with his owners on the Late Show with David Letterman on February 22, 2011.

Other events 
After he was seen on Letterman's show and other news shows around the world, Dusty became a celebrity.  He has been shown at many community events in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was the Grand Marshal of the Redwood City Pet Parade in May 2011.
Because Dusty was adopted from the Peninsula Humane Society animal shelter, he made a celebrity appearance at their annual adopt-a-thon in June, 2011. Some of his unclaimed stolen items were shown.  They were given away to people who gave a donation.

Some of the kitty-cam movie for the Animal Planet documentary was used as a bonus feature on the DVD release for the 2011 movie Puss in Boots.  It is named "Klepto Kitty". It is about three minutes and a half minutes long.

He has a Facebook page for his fans. It shows pictures of the latest things that Dusty brings home.

References

Other websites 
 Official Facebook page
 Klepto Feline Gives New Meaning to 'Cat' Burglar. ABC News (San Francisco).
 "Klepto Cat" to Make Celebrity Appearance. ABC News (San Francisco).
 The Klepto Kitty | Must Love Cats

Internet celebrity animals
Individual cats
Friedrich Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924 – 26 March 2015) was a German computer scientist and professor emeritus at the Technical University of Munich. He served in the Wehrmacht in World War II.

Other websites

Oral history interview with Friedrich L. Bauer, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Bauer discusses his education and early research, including the European side of the development of ALGOL, as well as his later work in numerical analysis and programming languages.
Photograph of F. L. Bauer (provided by Brian Randell)
Bauer about Rutishauser at a symposium at the ETH Zürich in 2002

1924 births
2015 deaths
German computer scientists
German academics
German military personnel of World War II
People from Regensburg
Miroslav Ondříček (November 4, 1934 – March 28, 2015) was a Czech cinematographer. He worked on over 40 movies including Amadeus, Ragtime and If..... He was nominated for two Academy Awards and won a BAFTA Award.

Ondříček was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). He studied filmmaking at the Barrandov Studio Training School. Ondříček died in Prague at the age of 80.

References

Other websites

BAFTA Award winners
1934 births
2015 deaths
Cinematographers
People from Prague
Bud, Not Buddy is a children's novel written by Christopher Paul Curtis. It is set in Michigan in 1936. It was published in 1999. The book won the Newbery Medal in 2000, for excellence in American children's literature.

References 

1999 books
20th-century American novels
American children's books
Fiction set in the past
Michigan in fiction
Newbery Medal winning books
American Beauty/American Psycho (sometimes abbreviated as AB/AP) is a studio album by punk rock group Fall Out Boy. It was released on January 20, 2015. This was the second album the band recorded since getting back together in 2013. The band wrote the music for the album while on tour with Paramore.

The band released a single ("Centuries") on September 9th, 2014. This was before the album itself was complete. "Centuries" reached No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. It reached first position on the UK Rock and Metal Chart. The album debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 album chart. It sold the equivalent of 218,000 copies in its first week. It became the band's third No. 1 album.

Track listing

 "Irresistible"
 "American Beauty/American Psycho"
 "Centuries"
 "The Kids Aren't Alright"
 "Uma Thurman"
 "Jet Pack Blues"
 "Novocaine"
 "Fourth of July"
 "Favorite Record"
 "Immortals"
 "Twin Skeleton's (Hotel in NYC)

References

Punk albums
Fall Out Boy albums
Yusuf Mohamed Ismail (, ‎; 11 September 1960 – 27 March 2015), also known as Bari-Bari, was a Somali politician and diplomat. He joined diplomatic services in 2007. At the time of his death, he was the Ambassador to Switzerland and the Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva since 4 April 2008.

Ismail was born in Bologna, Italy to an aristocratic Somali Muslim family. He studied at the University of Bologna. He was married and had children.

On 27 March 2015, Ismail was injured in an attack by al-Shabaab militants at the Makka al-Mukarama hotel in Mogadishu while attending a conference. He later died from his injuries in hospital, aged 54. He was buried in Garoowe, Puntland on 29 March.

References

Other websites
 Official webpage at somaligov.net 

1960 births
2015 deaths
Ambassadors of Somalia
Ambassadors to the United Nations
Murders by firearm
Somali Muslims
People from Bologna
Somali politicians
Nguyễn Thị Thiên Thanh (born October 24, 1981), better known by her stage names Tila Tequila, Tila Nguyen, Miss Tila and Tornado Thien. She was born in Singapore. She moved with her family at an young age to Houston, Texas. She is perhaps best known for her reality series A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila on MTV.

References

1981 births
Living people
Actors from Houston
Models from Houston
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Singers from Houston
Television personalities from Texas
American bloggers
Electropop singers
"You Oughta Know" is a song from Alanis Morissette from her third studio album Jagged Little Pill. It reached the Top 10 in Australia and the United States.

The song was released in the United States on July 7, 1995. It received generally positive reviews by critics.

References

1995 songs
Alanis Morissette songs
Rock songs
"Hand in My Pocket" is a rock song by Alanis Morissette. It was from her third studio album Jagged Little Pill. The album peaked at number one in Canada. In the United States it hit number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart. The song was released as a single on 31 October 1995 in the United States. It became her second song to hit number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. A music video in black and white was released for the single showing Morissette at a festival driving her car.

References

1995 songs
Alanis Morissette songs
Rock songs