Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Villiers was a municipality of the district Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers joined together and became the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Epagnier was a municipality and village in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. In 1888, it joined together with Epagnier and Marin to become Marin-Epagnier.

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Marin was a municipality and village in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. In 1888, it joined together with Epagnier and Marin to become Marin-Epagnier.

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Frederic Fenimore Forrest Jr. (December 23, 1936 – June 23, 2023) was an American actor. He was known for his role in When the Legends Die (1972), which earned him a nomination for the Golden Globe Award. He received an Academy and Golden Globe Award nominations for hie role as Huston Dyer in musical drama The Rose (1979).

Forrest died at his home in Santa Monica, California, on June 23, 2023, at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2023 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Texas
People from Waxahachie, Texas
Henry J. Stern (May 1, 1935 – March 28, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in New York City. He was a member of the New York City Council from 1974 to 1983 and appointed as the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation from 1983 to 1990 and again from 1994 to 2000.

Stern died in New York City on March 28, 2019 from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 83.

References

1935 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Politicians from New York City
Voëns-Maley is a village in the municipality of Saint-Blaise in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel. Since 1888, it became a part of Saint-Blaise.

It contains two villages: Voëns and Maley. Voëns is a golf course.

Other websites 
 

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Combes is a small village in the municipality of Le Landeron in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel. It was an independent municipality until 1875, when it became part of Le Landeron.

Other websites 
 

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Arlen Darryl Ness (July 12, 1939 – March 22, 2019) was an American motorcycle designer and businessman. He was best known for his custom motorcycles. Ness became famous for his designs, most of which are known for their unique body style and paintwork.

Ness died on March 22, 2019 at the age of 79.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
American artists
Businesspeople from Minnesota
Kenneth Bruce Bald (August 1, 1920 – March 17, 2019) was an American illustrator and comic book artist. He was born in New York City. He was best known for the Dr. Kildare and Dark Shadows newspaper comic strips. His works were published under the name  "K. Bruce" on the Dark Shadows strip.

His papers, including more than 2,900 pieces of original artwork for the Judd Saxon and Dr. Kildare comic strips, reside at Syracuse University Libraries Special Collections Research Center.

Bald died at a retirement home on March 17, 2019 in Mount Arlington, New Jersey, aged 98.

References

1920 births
2019 deaths
American illustrators
American comics artists
Artists from New York City
Mount Arlington is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 5,050. It is located on the southeast shore of Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey's largest lake and a major recreational resource.

References

Boroughs in New Jersey
Ashley Shandrel Luther (April 15, 1988 – March 1, 2019), better known as Elly Mayday, was a Canadian model and activist for women's health. She was known for battling ovarian cancer throughout her modeling career. She was photographed with surgical scars and a bald head from chemotherapy.

In 2013, she was diagnosed with a rare form of ovarian cancer only seen in elderly women. She was originally called a plus-size model by industry standards, a label which she rejected, saying that she embraced her size 14 body, and was normal size.

She was on the front a campaign for the Australian Women's Weekly and was one of six models featured in plus-size lingerie company Lane Bryant's #ImNoAngel campaign in April 2015. Her unretouched surgery scars were visible in the photographs.

Mayday died from the disease on March 1, 2019 at a hospital in Vancouver, aged 30.

References

1988 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Canadian models
Canadian activists
People from Saskatchewan
People from Vancouver
Vilars is a village in the municipality of Val-de-Ruz (former Fenin-Vilars-Saules) in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel.

Vilars is in the high valley Val de Ruz between Fenin and Saules. It is in the mountain Chaumont.

Since 1875, it was an independent municipality merged with Fenin and Saules to form Fenin-Vilars-Saules. On 1 January 2013, it has been with Fenin-Vilars-Saules merged to form the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Lee County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 19220 people lived there. Its county seat is Bishopville.

References 

20th-century establishments in South Carolina
1902 establishments in the United States
South Carolina counties
Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 U.S. census, 262,391 people lived there, and the 2016 U.S. census estimates, 286,186 people lived there. Its county seat and largest town is Lexington. The county was created in 1785. Its name commemorates the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War.

References 

1785 establishments in South Carolina
South Carolina counties
Dumas is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
The 1980 Quebec independence referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on whether Quebec should make a deal with Canada that would allow the province to have more control over its own laws, government, and trade agreements with other countries.  The referendum was called by Quebec's Parti Québécois (PQ) government. The PQ wanted Quebec to be independent from Canada.

The province-wide referendum took place on Tuesday, May 20, 1980, and the proposal to request more independence from Canada was defeated. 59.56 percent of voters voted against the referendum question and 40.44 percent voted in favour of it.

A second referendum on sovereignty in 1995 also failed, but by a smaller margin (50.58% to 49.42%).

Background
Background 

Quebec, a province in the  Canadian Confederation since its foundation in 1867, has always been the only province where the most commonly spoken language is French. Quebec has also historically been very connected to French culture and the Catholic Church, which was seen as the national church when the French colonists began to settle in what became Quebec. Many Quebecois people value their French identity and culture. In the early 1960s, Quebec went through a Quiet Revolution where politicians separated the role of the church from the role of government organisations in a process called secularisation. During this time period, political groups in the province began to identify as federalists (who wanted to be a part of a unified Canada) and sovereigntists (who wanted Quebec to become a sovereign nation state, separate from Canada).
A prominent sovereigntist was René Lévesque, who helped found the Parti Québécois (PQ) with like-minded separatists. The PQ proposed "sovereignty-association", a proposal for Quebec to be a sovereign nation-state while also sharing an economic partnership with Canada. The PQ had originally planned on declaring independence upon forming government, without putting it up for a vote in Quebec. Instead of doing this, the PQ chose to use a referendum so that the international community would be more likely to accept them as a truly independent nation.

The PQ won the 1976 election, beating the governing Quebec Liberals. The PQ campaign platform included a promise to hold a referendum on sovereignty-association during their first term. In government, the PQ created a number of popular reforms to long-term issues in the province, including francophone nationalist laws such as Bill 101, which reinforced French as the province's official language.
The PQ's beliefs were in conflict with the federal Liberal government of Pierre Elliot Trudeau, who did not agree with Quebec sovereignty. Instead, Trudeau urged Quebecers to seek empowerment at the federal level through reforms that provided for bilingualism and protection for individual rights. Trudeau was considered such a major opponent to Quebec sovereignty that Lévesque refused to call a referendum while Trudeau was the Prime Minister.

The Progressive Conservatives led by Joe Clark won a minority government in the May 22 1979 federal election. Clark's minority government made a point to not have the federal government be involved in the referendum, leaving the task of representing federalist voices to Claude Ryan, the new leader of the Quebec Liberal Party.

On June 21, 1979, Lévesque announced the promised referendum would occur in the spring of 1980, and that the question on the ballot would be announced before Christmas.
Lead-up to the Referendum Campaign 
On November 1, 1979, the Quebec government released its constitutional proposal in a white paper titled Québec-Canada: A New Deal. The Québec Government Proposal for a New Partnership Between Equals: Sovereignty-Association.

A dramatic change occurred in Ottawa on December 11, 1979, when the Clark government unexpectedly lost a vote of confidence on a budget bill, forcing a federal election. Three days afterward, Trudeau announced his return as leader of the Liberals. Polls showed Clark losing handily.
Question 
The wording of the referendum question was a subject of debate between members of the Parti Québécois caucus. Some preferred a simple wording focused on Quebec becoming sovereign from Canada. Lévesque realised that sovereignty-association would require negotiations with the Government of Canada. Lévesque decided that the question would be written so that it gave the government of Quebec the power to negotiate with the Government of Canada, and that if the referendum passed, they would have a second referendum after making an agreement with the Canadian government so that Quebecers could approve the deal or vote against it.  He also felt the safety of a second referendum would convince swing voters to vote "Yes." 

A significant debate arose as to whether a "question" under the Referendum Act could have more than one sentence: the final compromise was to use semicolons.
The question announced on December 20, 1979 was: "The Government of Quebec has made public its proposal to negotiate a new agreement with the rest of Canada, based on the equality of nations; this agreement would enable Quebec to acquire the exclusive power to make its laws, levy its taxes and establish relations abroad — in other words, sovereignty — and at the same time to maintain with Canada an economic association including a common currency; any change in political status resulting from these negotiations will only be implemented with popular approval through another referendum; on these terms, do you give the Government of Quebec the mandate to negotiate the proposed agreement between Quebec and Canada?"

Lévesque, while noting its cumbersome nature, stated that it was transparent and could be easily understood.
Legislative debate
On February 18, 1980, the federal Liberals won a majority in the House of Commons, and Trudeau returned as Prime Minister. Trudeau announced Jean Chrétien as having responsibilities for the federal response to the referendum.
Television had recently been introduced to the Quebec National Assembly, and the legislative debate on the referendum question was scheduled for prime time live viewing on March 4, 1980. The debate lasted two weeks, and the result was a PQ success and a disaster for the provincial Liberals. The PQ Cabinet, coordinated by House Leader Claude Charron, provided detailed outlines of their files and the benefits they said sovereignty would provide them. The Liberals did not consider that the television audience would view their quick and taunting retorts about the referendum question to be insubstantial compared to the lengthy and detailed speeches of PQ members. The Liberals seemed to lack preparation and Ryan, unaware of the television cameras, was caught yawning on a few occasions during Liberal interventions.

Polls released after the debates showed the Yes and No side roughly even, with a majority among Francophone voters for the "Yes" side.
Brunch des Yvettes
Less helpful to the "Yes" campaign was a speech by former television presenter Lise Payette to a committee in Montreal, where she mocked what she viewed as the "No" side's complacency by imagining a person who planned on voting "No" as a Yvette - a docile schoolgirl from pre-Quiet Revolution schoolbooks. Payette also used this as a general theme in the legislature. Payette stated that Ryan wanted a Quebec full of "Yvettes" and that his wife, Madeline Ryan, was an Yvette. Lise Bissonnette, a popular journalist, responded to Payette's personal attack wrote a sarcastic editorial that compared Payette's television career with Mme Ryan's accomplishments in the public and private sector.
Payette apologized during the legislative debate, but the remark and the editorial sparked a movement. On March 30, a group of 1,700 women, including Madeline Ryan, held the brunch des Yvettes at the Château Frontenac in Quebec City.  The movement grew until a rally at the Montreal Forum on April 7 when 14,000 women denounced the minister's declarations about women and manifested their support for the "No" side.
Campaign 
On April 15, Lévesque announced before the National Assembly the referendum would occur on May 20, 1980.   The same day, on the opening of the House of Commons, Trudeau announced that the Government of Canada would not negotiate sovereignty-association under any circumstances, as he considered the question too vague and the Canadian government's authority too uncertain to do so.  He also stated that the question was too vague to give Lévesque and the PQ any mandate to declare independence, making any result from a "Yes" vote impossible; in contrast, he offered that a "No" vote would lead to constitutional change. His position was supported by Clark and national NDP leader Ed Broadbent.
The "Yes" campaign was, in the initial stages, low key.  It focused on gaining broad acceptance of sovereignty-association through specialized "regroupments" that would be presented with special certificates at ceremonies led by Lévesque and other cabinet ministers. The regroupments were seen as an attempt to show broad support for the movement and create conversations at the ground level, however, the attempt to create them in some heavily Federalist professions, such as lawyers, prompted a severe backlash.

The "No" campaign, led by Ryan, was run as a traditional election campaign, with Ryan campaigning during the day and making speeches in local hockey arenas across rural Quebec.
Controversially, the Canadian government became involved on its own accord in the referendum despite the provisions of the provincial Referendum Act, which tightly restricted all campaigning to the designated "Yes" and "No" committees with set budgets. Canadian government politicians made appearances coordinated by Minister of Justice Jean Chrétien and Marc Lalonde, mainly speculating on the economic uncertainty a "Yes" vote could bring.  Chrétien argued that prominent PQ member Claude Morin would sacrifice Canada's oil and national gas price to drive in an ambassadors' Cadillac.   Lalonde argued that old age pensions were directly threatened by a "Yes" vote. Though initially reluctant, Ryan started to accept and welcome the Canadian government's help, and continued to speak across Quebec.
The referendum prompted an unheard-of political mobilization, and the campaign was seen as a traumatic event in Quebec, as the hard choice between "Yes" and "No" shattered the nationalist consensus that had existed since the Quiet Revolution.

Trudeau at Paul Sauvé Arena 
On May 14, six days before the vote, Trudeau made his final appearance at a packed Paul Sauvé Arena, where the PQ had celebrated their victory in 1976.  Trudeau attacked the "Yes" campaign for not asking a clear question, and stated that a "Yes" vote was a dead end, given that the rest of Canada was not bound by the question and that it was too vague to pursue independence if negotiations were refused.
Trudeau then stated that he would interpret a vote for the "No" as a mandate to renew federalism and change the constitution, putting his MPs' seats on the line if he were to fail to keep this promise.  Addressing himself to Canadians outside Quebec on behalf of his MPs, Trudeau challenged English Canada that change would have to occur and that the referendum could not be interpreted as an endorsement of the status quo.

After this Trudeau hit an emotional high note, invoking a remark by Lévesque days earlier that he was showing his "Elliott" side during the campaign.  Trudeau detailed the story of his parents, who had both had many ancestors in Quebec, and remarked that his full name was both a Québécois and a Canadian name.  Trudeau then began to list members of the Parti Québécois who had Irish or English last names. The riposte brought the crowd to an uproar, and Trudeau exited to chants of "Elliott."
The speech, which prompted Morin to wonder if his mind was changed, was seen as the death knell of the "Yes" camp, despite Lévesque's attempts to cast doubt over Trudeau's words.

Results

Immediate aftermath 
After the lopsided defeat, a visibly emotional Lévesque addressed his supporters, many of whom were shown on screen in tears at the result. Lévesque began his concession speech by saying "My dear friends, if I understand you correctly, you're saying: 'until next time.'" In the speech, he called the Canadian government's involvement in the campaign "scandalously immoral," and emphasized that the result must be accepted and that it was now the Canadian government's responsibility to provide the changes to the constitution that Trudeau had promised. Lévesque ended by asking the audience to sing "Gens du Pays" for him, as he did not have any voice left.
Claude Ryan's speech was later in the evening. After refusing to let Jean Chrétien use the microphone to address those gathered, he proceeded to demand an election be called and listed every riding that had voted for the "No" side. The speech was generally seen as callous and harsh, especially after the emotional crowd scenes broadcast during Lévesque's speech. Trudeau addressed the country afterward with a more conciliatory tone, emphasizing the need for unity after the hurt feelings and strained friendships that had been caused by the referendum. The next morning, Chrétien was tasked with creating a provincial consensus.

Expenses 
Maximum amount authorized by referendum law: $2,122,257 ($0.50/voter x 4,244,514 voters)

"No" Committee:
 State subsidy ($0.25/voter): $1,061,128.50
 Amount received by political parties: $987,754.04
 Contributions by voters: $11,572.60
 Total fund: $2,060,455.11
 Total committed and discharged expenditure: $2,060,455.00
"Yes" Committee:
 State subsidy ($0.25/voter) : $1,061,128.50
 Amount received by political parties: $683,000.00
 Contributions by voters: $305,118.05
 Total fund: $2,049,246.55
 Total committed and discharged expenditure: $2,047,834.00

Effects
After the referendum, Trudeau acted upon his promise by calling together the provincial premiers in a first ministers' conference.  The meeting showed signs of deadlock, and Lévesque surprised observers by uniting with the dissident premiers, who warmly received his decentralist views. Facing a lack of cooperation from the premiers, Trudeau then announced his intention to unilaterally patriate the constitution from the United Kingdom and have a charter of rights and constitutional amending formula approved by national referendum.
In the meantime, there was a provincial election in Quebec. Despite a brief post-referendum malaise, the PQ easily defeated Ryan's Liberals in the 1981 provincial election, campaigning both on their governing record and against Trudeau's intentions. Notably, the PQ did not promise to hold a second referendum.

With regards to Trudeau's plans to unilaterally patriate and change the constitution, the newly re-elected Lévesque, who had initially argued for the incorporation of a Quebec veto into the new constitution, agreed with eight other premiers (the Gang of Eight) to a proposal that would not allow Quebec a veto, but would permit "opting out" of certain federal endeavours with compensation.
As a result of the compromise between the premiers (other than Lévesque) and the federal government, the government partiated the Canadian constitution in the Constitution Act, 1982 without support from Lévesque or Quebec's National Assembly.  The result was a shattering defeat for the PQ, especially after the Quebec government's loss in its Quebec Veto Reference case. The National Assembly of Quebec, compared to its position in 1976, actually lost power under Lévesque and the PQ.
Historical debate would centre on whether Trudeau's advocacy and agreement on patriation were in accord with or in contravention of his commitments made in his speech at the Paul Sauvé Arena.  Trudeau defended his actions by stating he had kept his promise to deliver a new constitution that resided entirely within Canada and an embedded Charter of Rights.  Quebec nationalists argue that this is an overly literal view of his words and that, in context to a Québécois audience, Trudeau had promised that Quebec would be given a status in accordance with a decentralized view of federalism, or his MPs would resign.
In 1984, Brian Mulroney led the Progressive Conservatives to victory nationally, having committed during the campaign to try to find a way to accommodate Quebec's objections to the constitution. Lévesque pledged to take the risk of trying to work towards a deal with Mulroney.  This led to a split in the PQ and subsequently Lévesque's resignation from politics in 1985. After the PQ defeat by the Liberals of Robert Bourassa, the Mulroney government began negotiations with Quebec to find a deal that would be acceptable to all provinces. The 1987 Meech Lake Accord and the 1992 Charlottetown Accord, despite receiving unanimous consent among the provincial premiers, each failed in dramatic public fashion, reviving the sovereignty movement.

The PQ returned to office, led by hard-line separatist and former Finance Minister Jacques Parizeau, in 1994. Parizeau called a second sovereignty referendum of 1995, which featured a more direct question. That referendum failed by a margin of less than 0.6%.

Notes
Notes

References

Bibliography

Other websites
 Government of Québec (1979). Québec-Canada: A New Deal. The Québec Government Proposal for a New Partnership Between Equals: Sovereignty-Association, Québec: Éditeur officiel du Québec, 118 p. (online)
 DGEQ. "Référendum du 20 mai 1980", in the site of the Directeur général des élections du Québec, updated March 20, 2006
 "À la prochaine fois: The 1980 Quebec Referendum", in The CBC Digital Archives. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. [11 TV clips, 14 radio clips]

1980 elections
1980s in Canada
Politics of Canada
History of Quebec
May events
quebec
The 2022 Asian Games, also known as XIX Asiad (), will be a sport event held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China from 23 September to 8 October 2023. 

Hangzhou will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing 1990 and Guangzhou 2010.

Bidding process

Development and preparation

44 venues will be used during the Games. 30 venues are already existing in the city, 10 are under construction and another 4 venues are in the planning stage.

Related pages
Asian Games

References

Other websites
Official website 

2022 in Asian sport
Asian Games by year
Hangzhou
Sport in China
2022 in China
On 21 March 2019, an explosion occurred at a chemical plant in Chenjiagang Chemical Industry Park, , Xiangshui County, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China.

78 people were killed and 617 injured in this accident.

Background 
The plant — located in Yancheng's industrial park—was operated by Tianjiayi Chemical (), and was used to produce fertilizer or pesticides.  Tianjiayi Chemical had previously been punished six times for not obeying pollution and waste management laws, and China Daily reported fines over safety issues.
On November 27, 2007, an explosion occurred in one of the chemical factories in Chenjiagang Chemical Zone (), with 7 killed and around 50 injured. On November 23, 2010, more than thirty were poisoned by a harmful gas release. In the early morning of February 10, 2011, rumors of harmful chemical release and potential upcoming explosions in the Chenjiagang Chemical Industry Park led over ten thousand residents to move away in panic from the towns of Chenjiagang and Shuanggang () during which four people died and many were injured. On the afternoon of May 18 and again on July 26 in 2011, there were explosions at local factories.

Explosion 
The explosion happened at a local time of 14:48 (06:48 GMT). 78 people were killed, and at least 94 were severely injured, 32 of whom were critically injured. Around 640 people required hospital treatment and were taken to 16 hospitals. The injured included children at a local kindergarten. CENC detected an artificial earthquake at .
Aftermath 
The search for survivors was ongoing on 23 March; one survivor was rescued from the site on the morning of 23 March, but 25 of the 28 people earlier reported missing were found dead. According to the Jiangsu environmental protection bureau, the monitored levels of benzene, toluene, and xylene in the area were not abnormal, and levels of acetone and chloroform outside the explosion area were within normal limits.

References 

2019 explosions in Asia
2019 in China
2010s disasters in China
March 2019 events
Vernéaz is a small village in the municipality of La Grande-Béroche (former Vaumarcus) in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel.

Since 1875, it was an independent municipality merged with Vaumarcus to form Vaumarcus-Vernéaz. It was known from 1875 to 1966. On 1 January 2018, it has been with Vaumarcus merged to form the new municipality of La Grande-Béroche.

Other websites 
 

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Wavre is a village in the municipality of La Tène (former Thielle-Wavre) in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel. Since 1888, it was an independent municipality merged with Thielle to form Thielle-Wavre.

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Thielle is a village in the municipality of La Tène (former Thielle-Wavre) in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Since 1888, it joined together with Thielle and Wavre and became Thielle-Wavre.

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
Les Eplatures is a village  in the municipality of La Chaux-de-Fonds, in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. Since 1900, it became a part of La Chaux-de-Fonds.

Les Eplatures is the birthplace of painter Louis Léopold Robert.

Other websites 
 

Former municipalities of Neuchâtel
Villages in Neuchâtel
All owners of homes in British Columbia are invited to fill out applications for exemption from this tax every year. If a home is owned by more than one person, for example a couple, all owners must complete a separate application for exemption. A part-owner who does not file for an exemption must pay the tax based on their proportional part of the assessed value even if the home is occupied.  Tens of thousands of homeowners have not filed for exemption by March 30, 2019. 

The BC Goverment says the tax is a "key measure in tackling the housing crisis in major urban centres in British Columbia". It says that  it took this action because the people who live and people who work in BC deserve to have affordable housing. According to the goverment, the tax is a part of it's 30-Point Plan to make housing more affordable. The tax is Targeted at speculators who own homes in BC but do not pay taxes. It changes  empty homes into occupied  housing. It also creates revenue which will pay for affordable housing.
This  tax is levied on empty homes in most urban centers:
 Metro Vancouver, except Bowen Island and the Village of Lions Bay.
 Abbotsford
 Mission
 Chilliwack
 Kelowna
 West Kelowna
 District of Lantzville
 Municipalities within the B.C. Capital Regional District, except Salt Spring Island, Juan de Fuca Electoral Area, and the Southern Gulf Islands.
 Nanaimo
Within these areas, any reserve lands, treaty lands, or self-government First Nations are exempt.

The rate of the tax for all Canadians has been lowered to one half of a percent. This happened after negotiating between the NDP Party and the Green Party.

Reception
Some commentators such as Douglas Todd believe that this tax has achieved it's goal. He says that prices of homes in Vancouver are moderating as a result of the tax being implemented.
The  speculation tax has been named as one of the contributors to a slump in commercial real estate investment in Vancouver in 2018.  Asian investments in Vancouver declined to less than $350 million from more than  $1 billion in 2016 and 2017. According to government figures the tax brought in revenues of $115 million from 12,029 homeowners iduring a 15-months period in the 2018-2019 provincial fiscal yearwhich ended on March 31, 2019. 

The tax has caught many unaware. For example, a Victoria, BC resident who bought a home in 2018 but worked in the United States the previous year, ended up owing almost five thousand dollars to the BC government.

In August of 2019 John Mackie of  The Province reported that this provincial vacancy tax and the Empty Homes Tax are leading to  larger numbers  of real estate listings  of luxury condos in downtown Vancouver.

References

Other websites 
Official website
Speculation and Vacancy Tax Act

British Columbia
Taxation in Canada
taxation
Romont is the capital of the district of Glâne in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Glâne
Cities in Switzerland
Tafers () is the capital of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Sense District
Estavayer is a new municipality of the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. It is on the south shore of Lake Neuchâtel and is between Yverdon and Bern. It is the capital of the district of Broye. It was created on 1 January 2017, when the former municipalities of Bussy, Estavayer-le-Lac, Morens, Murist, Rueyres-les-Prés, Vernay and Vuissens merged to form Estavayer.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Estavayer 

2017 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities in Broye
Estavayer is the name of three places in Switzerland:
 Estavayer, a municipality in the canton of Fribourg
 Estavayer-le-Lac, a former municipality in the municipality of Estavayer in the canton of Fribourg
 Estavayer-le-Gibloux, a village in the municipality of Gibloux in the canton of Fribourg
A city is a classification of municipalities used in the Canadian province of British Columbia.

List of cities

Notes:

Gallery

References

British Columbia
Romont is the name of three places in Europe:
 Romont, Bern, a municipality in the Bernese Jura, Switzerland
 Romont, Fribourg, a town and municipality in Switzerland
 Romont, Vosges, a French commune in the Grand Est region
Vsauce is a popular YouTube channel and brand, that was created by Michael Stevens. The channels feature videos about various scientific and mathematical topics,be gaming, and technology.

History 
The main Vsauce channel was created on July 30th, 2007 by Michael Stevens. The channel didn't start uploading until 2010. Initially, the channel's content focused on video games, with various hosts. However certain series like IMG! slowly gained popularity, and Stevens became the only host. The channel's content then focused on online activities and information. Slowly, the educational content became more popular.

Channels 
Vsauce 1

The channel is hosted by Michael Stevens, featuring content about science, math, and more. In the main series, DOT., Stevens discusses a topic or a question, and includes many explanations. Stevens has said that he uses Wikipedia and research papers to find information for his videos.

YouTube
Marlboro County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 28,933 people lived there. Its county seat is Bennettsville.

References 

1785 establishments in South Carolina
South Carolina counties
McCormick County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 10,233 people lived there. Its county seat is McCormick. The county was formed in 1916.

References 

20th-century establishments in South Carolina
1916 establishments in the United States
South Carolina counties
Broye District is a district in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. The capital is Estavayer-le-Lac.

It contains the following municipalities:

Broye District
See District is a district in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. The capital is Murten.

It contains the following municipalities:

See District, Fribourg
Wil is a district of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
 Bronschhofen
 Degersheim
 Flawil
 Jonschwil
 Niederbüren
 Niederhelfenschwil 
 Oberbüren
 Oberuzwil
 Uzwil
 Wil
 Zuzwil

Wil (Wahlkreis)
St. Gallen is a district of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:
 Andwil
 Eggersriet
 Gaiserwald
 Gossau
 Häggenschwil
 Muolen
 St. Gallen
 Waldkirch
 Wittenbach

St. Gallen (Wahlkreis)
Biocenosis is the idea that different species coexist in an enclosed habitat (usually called biotope). Biocenosis and biotope make up the ecosystem. Karl Möbius first used the term in 1877.

Ecosystems
TRAPPIST-1 (or 2MASS J23062928-0502285) is an ultracool red dwarf star located almost 40 light years away from the Sun in the constellation of Aquarius. The red dwarf is known for having seven Earth-sized rocky planets around it. These planets were discovered between 2016 and 2017, and are likely rocky and some may even have liquid water on them. Four of these planets (d, e, f, and g) are in the habitable zone, so they are most likely to have liquid water. Three other planets here (b, c, and h) are not in the habitable zone, and are likely not habitable.

Planets
In August of 2017, the Hubble Space Telescope possibly found traces of possible water in the atmospheres of some of the TRAPPIST-1 planets.
 

Trappist 1-b - The closest planet to Trappist 1 and likely akin to Venus. It's extremely hot (over 1400°K/ 1224°C at the surface) due to the planet only being 1.7 million km from its star. The planet has a likely runaway greenhouse effect that immures almost all of the heat that hits it.
Trappist 1-c - The next closest planet to Trappist 1 and also likely Venus like.

Trappist 1-d - At the innermost edge of the system's habitable zone, Trappist 1-d could be livable or too hot like Venus, it is debatable. 

Trappist 1-e - Squarely in the habitable zone, this planet is likely to have a slightly higher land to ocean ratio than Earth.

Trappist 1-f - This planet is probably a water world.

Trappist 1-g - The furthest planet from Trappist 1 that is confirmed to be in the system's liveable zone and could be a water world with little dry land.

Trappist 1-h - The furthest out and the smallest planet in the system. The gravity is similar to that of the Moon and it's likely to be covered in an ice shell.

References
 

Red dwarfs
Bleta "Bebe" Rexha (born August 30, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Rexha was born in New York City. She signed a contract with Warner Bros. Records in 2013. Rexha helped write Eminem and Rihanna's song "The Monster". The song got a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Performance. Rexha also helped write songs recorded by Shinee, Selena Gomez and Nick Jonas.

Rexha released her first extended play, I Don't Wanna Grow Up, in 2015. It had some success with the song "I'm Gonna Show You Crazy".

Rexha released two more extended plays, All Your Fault: Pt. 1 and All Your Fault: Pt. 2. Those had some success with the songs "I Got You" and "The Way I Are (Dance with Somebody)". She also had success with songs, including "Me, Myself & I" with G-Easy, "In the Name of Love" with Martin Garrix and "Meant to Be" with Florida Georgia Line. The latter song went to number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

Rexha has won several awards, including RadioDisney, iHeart and Edison Awards for her singing.

References
References

1989 births
Living people
21st-century American singers
Albanian people
American dance musicians
American LGBT people
American pop singers
LGBT singers
Musicians from Brooklyn
People with bipolar disorder
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Sopranos
Lee Albert Miglin (July 12, 1924 – May 4, 1997) was an American real estate developer, businessman, and philanthropist. He was born in Westville, Illinois. Miglin went on to become a successful real estate developer in partnership with J. Paul Beitler. They proposed building a 125-floor skyscraper in Chicago, the Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle; however, the building was never built.

Miglin was murdered at his garage in Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood on May 4, 1997 by serial killer Andrew Cunanan. He was 72 years old. He had been tortured with a saw and a screwdriver, his ribs had been broken, he had been beaten and stabbed, and his throat had been slashed with a gardener's bow saw.

The second season of the anthology television series American Crime Story: The Assassination of Gianni Versace, was about the Cunanan spree where Miglin was played by Mike Farrell.
In 1959, Miglin married 20-year-old Marilyn Klecka. She was a businesswoman and host of several shows on the Home Shopping Network. They had two children together, Marlena (born 1968) and Duke Miglin (born 1971).

References

1924 births
1997 deaths
Murders by blade weapons
Deaths by beating
American murder victims
Real estate developers
Philanthropists from Chicago
Businesspeople from Chicago
Westville is a village in Georgetown Township, Vermilion County, Illinois, United States. It is part of the Danville, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area. Westville's coordinates are  (40.043286, -87.637995). According to the 2010 census, Westville has a total area of , all land.

References

Villages in Illinois
Andrew Phillip Cunanan (August 31, 1969 – July 23, 1997) was an American serial killer and gold digger. He murdered five people, including Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace and Chicago real estate developer Lee Miglin, during a three-month period from April to July 1997. He was a gay prostitute.

Cunanan was born in National City, California. He lived in San Diego, California. He had antisocial personality disorder. Cunanan studied, but dropped out shortly afterwards from the University of California, San Diego.

Cunanan's serial killings began in Minneapolis on April 27, 1997, with the murder of his close friend 28-year-old Jeffrey Trail. He later murdered his ex-boyfriend David Madson by shooting him in the back near Rush City, Minnesota. On May 4, 1997, he drove to Chicago where he killed real estate developer Lee Miglin at his Gold Coast home by stabbing him multiple times. Five days later, Cunanan shot and killed 45-year-old cemetery caretaker William Reese and stole his red pickup truck.
On July 15, Cunanan murdered Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace, shooting him twice on the front stairway of his Miami Beach mansion, Casa Casuarina. A witness pursued Cunanan but was unable to catch him.

On July 23, 1997, eight days after killing Versace, Cunanan killed himself with a gunshot through the mouth while living in a boat as police officials were close to arresting him. He was 27 years old.

Cunanan was played by Darren Criss in The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story, which premiered on January 17, 2018. Criss won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie" and a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actor – Miniseries, or Television Film" for his portrayal.

References

1969 births
1997 deaths
Murderers who committed suicide
American serial killers
People with antisocial personality disorder
Gay men
LGBT criminals
LGBT people from California
Criminals from California
People from San Diego, California
Rush City is a city in Chisago County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,079 at the 2010 census. It is fifty-eight miles north of Minneapolis–Saint Paul.

References

Cities in Minnesota
Darren Everett Criss (born February 5, 1987) is an American actor and singer-songwriter. He is known for his roles as Blaine Anderson in the series Glee and as serial killer Andrew Cunanan in the limited crime series The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story (2018). For his role as Cunanan, he won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.

Filmography

Television

References

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
1987 births
Living people
American LGBT rights activists
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American pop singers
American pop musicians
American pianists
American guitarists
American drummers
Musicians from San Francisco
Writers from San Francisco
Actors from San Francisco
Singer-songwriters from California
American Internet celebrities
Hugo is a small town in eastern Minnesota. It is in Washington County. The town is 21 miles northeast of St. Paul.

Towns in Minnesota
Jason Meredith Reese  (24 June 1967 – 8 March 2019) was a British engineering scientist. He was the Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh. His research was in multiscale flow systems. He won the Philip Leverhulme Prize.

Reese died on 8 March 2019, at the age of 51.

References

1967 births
2019 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Aerospace engineers
Dobrica Erić (; August 22, 1936 – March 29, 2019) was a Serbian writer and poet.

He was the author of many novels, five books of romantic poetry, 23 poetry books, 5 theatre dramas and over 40 children's books. His first book of poetry was published in 1959. His works have been translated into many languages. He lived and worked in Belgrade and Gruža.

Erić died in Belgrade on March 29, 2019 from lung cancer at the age of 82.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Yugoslavian poets
European novelists
People from Belgrade
Serbian writers
Édgar Filiberto Ramírez Arellano (, born March 25, 1977) is a Venezuelan actor and former journalist. He was born in San Cristóbal, Táchira, Venezuela.

He played Carlos the Jackal in the 2010 French-German biopic series Carlos. He won the César Award for Most Promising Actor in 2011 for the role and was nominated for a Golden Globe and Emmy Award for best actor.

He also played Larry, a CIA operative in the movie Zero Dark Thirty, Paz—a CIA assassin—in The Bourne Ultimatum, and Roberto Durán, a four-time world-champion boxer and member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, in Hands of Stone.

Ramírez starred as Gianni Versace in the limited crime series The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story. He also starred as Bodhi in the 2015 movie Point Break.

References

1977 births
Living people
Venezuelan actors
Movie actors
Television actors
Voice actors
Venezuelan journalists
Táchira
Geoffrey John Harvey (6 August 1935 – 30 March 2019) was an English-Australian pianist, conductor, musical director and television personality. He worked at the Australian Nine Network for 38 years. He was known for starring on The Mike Walsh Show and Midday. He was born in London.

Awards and recognition 
Harvey was a recipient of the Medal of the Order of Australia during the 2006 Queen's Birthday honours for "service to the community as a musician and entertainer, and through support for charitable organisations".

Death 
Harvey died on 30 March 2019 in Berrima, New South Wales at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2019 deaths
Australian musicians
Australian entertainers
English pianists
Australian conductors
Musicians from London
Television personalities from London
British conductors
Louise Joséphine Bourgeois (25 December 1911 – 31 May 2010) was a French-American artist. She was best-known for her installation art and large-scale sculptures. She was also a painter and printmaker.

Bourgeois explored many themes over her career, including domesticity, family, sexuality and death.

Bourgeois was born in Paris, France.
Honors and awards
1977: Honorary doctorate from Yale University
1981: Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1990: Elected into National Academy of Design
1990: Edward MacDowell Medal, MacDowell Colony, Peterborough, NH.
1991: Lifetime Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award (Hamilton, New Jersey, USA)
1997: National Medal of Arts
1999: Praemium Imperiale for lifetime achievement
1999: Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale
2003: Wolf Foundation Prize in the Arts (Jerusalem)
2005: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
2008: National Order of the Legion of Honour
2009: "Commandeur" of the pataphysical Ordre de la Grande Gidouille.
2009: Honored by the National Women's Hall of Fame

References

American painters
1911 births
2010 deaths
Ruben Tovmasyan (; February 15, 1937 – March 30, 2019) was an Armenian politician. He was born in Yerevan, Armenia. He was the General Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party from 2005 to 2014.

Tovmasyan died on March 30, 2019 in Yerevan from thyroid cancer, aged 82.

References

Other websites
Freedom of information blacklist 2006
Armenia update 

1937 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from thyroid cancer
Armenian politicians
Communists
Cobh, known from 1849 until 1920 as Queenstown, is a tourist seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland.

Cobh the last port visited by the RMS Titanic.

After the RMS Lusitania sank in May 1915, its passengers were taken to Cobh.

Name
The port had several Irish language names. It was first called "Cove" in 1750. It was renamed "Queenstown" in 1849 to honor a visit by Queen Victoria. The name was later renamed again, this time to "Cobh".

References

Establishments in the Republic of Ireland
18th-century establishments in Europe
Towns in Ireland
County Cork
Frances Elena Farmer (September 19, 1913 – August 1, 1970) was an American actress and television hostess. She was in over a dozen movies during her career.

Farmer was born in Seattle, Washington. She began acting in stage productions while she was a student at the University of Washington. When she graduated, she began performing in stock theatre. She later signed a contract with Paramount Pictures in 1936.

Farmer's first movie was Too Many Parents (1936). That was followed by a lead role in the musical western Rhythm on the Range (also 1936).

Farmer was unhappy with the opportunities given to her by the studio. She returned to stock theater in 1937. She was cast in the original Broadway production of Clifford Odets' Golden Boy.

Farmer was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in the spring of 1970. The cancer was tied to her lifelong habit of heavy smoking. She died from the cancer in Indianapolis, Indiana at age 56.

References
References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Seattle
1913 births
1970 deaths
Zuzana Čaputová (; née Strapáková; born 21 June 1973) is a Slovak politician, lawyer and activist. She is the 5th President of Slovakia who took office on 15 June 2019. 

Čaputová is the first woman to hold the presidency, as well as the youngest president in the history of Slovakia, at age 45.

References

1973 births
Living people
Slovak lawyers
Presidents of Slovakia
Current national leaders