Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an Association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="6"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||4||0||1||0||2||0||7||0
|-
|1997||19||5||1||0||8||1||28||6
|-
|1998||33||16||3||2||4||0||40||18
|-
|1999||24||10||4||2||3||1||31||13
|-
|2000||26||4||2||0||6||0||34||4
|-
|2001||8||2||0||0||3||0||11||2
|-
|2001||rowspan="3"|Tokyo||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||11||1||1||0||0||0||12||1
|-
|2002||21||2||0||0||7||3||28||5
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||Vegalta Sendai||J. League 1||10||0||1||0||0||0||11||0

|-
|2004||Guaraní||Primera División||36||10||||||||||36||10

|-
|2004/05||Pachuca||Primera División||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|2005/06||Irapuato||Primera División A||19||10||||||||||19||10

|-
|2005/06||Castellón||Segunda División||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2006/07||Numancia Soria||Segunda División||39||10||1||0||colspan="2"|-||40||10
|-
|2007/08||Las Palmas||Segunda División||15||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|2008/09||Ionikos||Beta Ethniki||24||9||||||||||24||9

|-
|2010||rowspan="3"|Ehime||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|2011|||||||||||||||||
|-
|2012|||||||||||||||||
156||40||13||4||33||5||202||49
36||10||||||||||36||10
19||10||||||||||19||10
71||15||3||0||colspan="2"|-||74||15
24||9||||||||||24||9
306||84||16||4||33||5||353||93
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Ehime Prefecture
Kim Eun-Jung (born 8 April 1979) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.  He was a member of the Korean national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="7"|Daejeon Citizen||rowspan="7"|K-League||9||0||||||5||0||14||0
|-
|1998||13||0||||||16||6||29||6
|-
|1999||22||4||||||2||0||24||4
|-
|2000||17||4||||||3||1||20||5
|-
|2001||23||7||||||8||1||31||9
|-
|2002||19||3||||||8||4||27||7
|-
|2003||22||11||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||11

|-
|2003||Vegalta Sendai||J. League 2||10||2||1||0||0||0||11||2

|-
|2004||rowspan="5"|Seoul||rowspan="5"|K-League||24||8||0||0||5||0||29||8
|-
|2005||20||7||2||1||10||0||32||8
|-
|2006||25||9||3||1||12||5||40||15
|-
|2007||9||0||1||1||7||4||17||5
|-
|2008||15||4||1||0||6||1||22||5

|-
|2009||Changsha Ginde||Super League||28||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||8
|-
|2009||Jeju United||K-League||||||||||||||||
218||57||7||3||82||23||307||83
10||2||1||0||0||0||11||2
28||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||8
256||67||8||3||82||23||346||93
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1998||4||1
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||2||3
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||6||1
|-
!Total||13||5
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Seoul
The rural district Nordsachsen is a district in the north of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was founded in August, 2008 and consists of the former rural districts Torgau-Oschatz and Delitzsch.

Towns and municipalities 
{|
! align=left width=33%|Towns
! colspan=2 align=left width=67%|Municipalities
|- valign=top
||
Bad Düben
Belgern
Dahlen
Delitzsch
Dommitzsch
Eilenburg
Mügeln
Oschatz
Schildau
Schkeuditz
Taucha
Torgau
||
Arzberg
Beilrode
Cavertitz
Doberschütz
Dreiheide
Elsnig
Großtreben-Zwethau
Jesewitz
Krostitz
Laußig
Liebschützberg
Löbnitz
||
Mockrehna
Naundorf
Neukyhna
Rackwitz
Schönwölkau
Sornzig-Ablaß
Trossin
Wermsdorf
Wiedemar
Zschepplin
Zwochau
Zinna
|}

References

Other websites 
 Official website (German)
The rural district Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge is a district of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was founded in August, 2008 and consists of the former rural districts Sächsische Schweiz and Weißeritzkreis.

Towns and municipalities 
{|
! colspan=2 align=left width=50%|Towns
! colspan=2 align=left width=50%|Municipalities
|- valign=top
||
Altenberg
Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel
Bad Schandau
Dippoldiswalde
Dohna
Freital
Geising
Glashütte
Heidenau
Hohnstein
||
Königstein
Liebstadt
Neustadt in Sachsen
Pirna
Rabenau
Sebnitz
Stadt Wehlen
Stolpen
Tharandt
Wilsdruff
||
Bahretal
Bannewitz
Dohma
Dorfhain
Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach
Gohrisch
Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau
Hermsdorf
Höckendorf
Kirnitzschtal
Kreischa
||
Lohmen
Müglitztal
Porschdorf
Pretzschendorf
Rathen
Rathmannsdorf
Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna
Rosenthal-Bielatal
Schmiedeberg
Struppen
|}

References

Other websites 
 Official website (German)
The National Book Award is one of the most important American literary prizes, which began in 1950. Its gives awards every year to American authors for literature in the fields of: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and Young People's Literature.

Other websites 
Official website
Most Honored National Book Award finalists
The Pearson Prize - Teen Choice Award for Young Adult Fiction 

Literary awards
Greg Brady could mean:
Greg Brady (Brady Bunch), character from The Brady Bunch
Greg Brady (broadcaster), presenter on CFMJ Toronto
Crewe is a railway town in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is in the borough of Cheshire East. 

In 2011, the Crewe built-up area, which also covers parts of the nearby civil parishes of Willaston and Wistaston, had a total population of 71,722. 

The town is known as a major railway junction and is famous for Crewe railway station and Crewe Works. Nearby to the railway station is Crewe Heritage Centre, which is home to many preserved trains, locomotives and other railway paraphernalia. It is also famous for car manufacturing. From 1946 until 2002, the town was home of Rolls-Royce motor car production. Pyms Lane factory, in the west of Crewe, now exclusively produces Bentley motor cars.

Crewe also has a professional football club, Crewe Alexandra, who currently compete in League Two. The club are nicknamed "The Railwaymen" in honour of the town's railway history.

Gallery

Other websites 

 Crewe and Nantwich Borough Council.
Jacob "Jake" Hager (born March 24, 1982) is an American professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist. He currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Hager has previously worked for the WWE and Lucha Underground. (as Jake Strong)

Career

Early career 
Hager was recruited to the University of Oklahoma as a two-sport athlete, playing as a defensive tackle in football and a heavyweight wrestler. During his junior year, he met Jim Ross, who was then World Wrestling Entertainment's Head of Talent Relations, and Ross encouraged Hager to contact him after graduating. In 2006, as an All-American wrestler, he set the single season record for most pins at 30, and graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a Bachelor's Degree in Finance.

World Wrestling Entertainment (2006-2019)
Developmental territories (2006-2008) 
In 2006, Hager had a WWE tryout in Deep South Wrestling, and in September 2006, Hager made his in-ring debut for Deep South Wrestling defeating Antonio Mestre in a dark match. He competed mainly in dark matches, before being moved to Ohio Valley Wrestling in January 2007. He started for OVW, by defeating Atlas DaBone, and in the following months began a rivalry with K.C. James Hager began teaming with a multitude of opponents to feud with James and his tag team partner Cassidy James.

In August 2007, Hager went back to Florida Championship Wrestling, where he began a rivalry with TJ Wilson. On February 15, 2008, Hager defeated Ted DiBiase, Jr. in Tampa, Florida at the Florida State Fair to become the first-ever FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion. Earlier in the night, DiBiase and Hager were the final two men remaining in a 23-man battle royal to determine the two championship contenders.
On March 22, 2008, Hager went against the FCW Southern Heavyweight Champion Heath Miller, in New Port Richey, Florida, to determine the true Heavyweight Champion. Both titles were on the line and Hager defeated Miller to become the undisputed heavyweight champion in Florida Championship Wrestling.

His first loss came in the form of a Raw dark match, at the TV taping on August 18, 2008 when he lost to William Regal.
ECW brand (2008-2009) 
On September 9, 2008, Hager made his start on the ECW brand under the ring name Jack Swagger, winning a match against a local wrestler. He quickly made himself a villain when he did not let the referee hold up his arm after the win, and later started a rivalry with Tommy Dreamer by attacking him after Dreamer had saved Chase Stevens from Mike Knox. He later defeated Dreamer in a wrestling match and an "All American Challenge" competition. After weeks of fighting, the two ended their rivalry in an Extreme Rules match, which Swagger won to extend his undefeated streak. He then set his sights on Matt Hardy's ECW Championship, and was named the number one contender on the December 30, 2008 edition of ECW. On the January 13, 2009 episode of ECW, Swagger defeated Hardy to win the ECW Championship, which is his first title in WWE. His undefeated streak in singles matches ended on the February 3 episode of ECW, when he lost to Finlay.
World Heavyweight Championship run and Smackdown (2010) 
On the March 1 episode of Raw, Swagger beat Santino Marella to wrestle in the Money in the Bank ladder match at WrestleMania XXVI. At WrestleMania, Swagger won the Money in the Bank ladder match, winning a contract for any WWE world championship that he could use at any time over the next year. On the episode of Raw after WrestleMania, Swagger tried to cash in his Money in the Bank contract on John Cena, but changed his mind when he saw that Cena was not hurt enough for Swagger to beat. As the match had never started, Swagger kept the contract for use at a future date.
Swagger cashed in his Money in the Bank contract during the SmackDown taping on March 30, 2010, after the World Heavyweight Champion Chris Jericho had been speared by Edge. Swagger went on to defeat Jericho to win the World Heavyweight Championship for the first time. after his championship win, Swagger changed into a more serious Swagger which was different from his last persona, where he was known for doing pushups and beating his chest during his ring entrance. He defended his championship against Edge and Jericho in a triple threat match on the April 16 episode of SmackDown, and against Randy Orton in an Extreme Rules match at the Extreme Rules pay-per-view. At Over the Limit, Swagger kept the title against The Big Show by disqualifying himself. At the Fatal 4-Way pay-per-view on June 20, he lost the championship to Rey Mysterio in a fatal four-way match, which also had CM Punk and The Big Show.
In wrestling 
 Finishing and signature moves
 As Jack Swagger
 Falling gutwrench powerbomb
 Red, White and Blue Thunder Bomb (Spin–out powerbomb pin) – 2008
 Abdominal stretch
 Corner slingshot splash
 Double leg takedown
 Gutwrench roll
 Lariat
 Leg whip takedown
 Multiple suplex variations
 Belly to back suplex
 Gutwrench suplex
 Northern lights suplex
 Side belly to belly suplex
 Running knee lift

 As Jake Hager
 Hager–Meister (Tilt–a–whirl slam – FCW or a swinging cradle suplex – OVW)
 Gutwrench suplex
 Overhead belly to belly suplex
 Running knee lift

 Nicknames
 "The All–American American"

 Entrance themes
 2 Z's Top by Firstcom music (September–October 2008)
 Get On Your Knees by Age Against The Machine (November 2008–present)

Championships and accomplishments 
 World Wrestling Entertainment
 ECW Championship (1 time)
 Florida Championship Wrestling
 FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref
name="FCWheavyweight"></ref>
 FCW Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

References
References

Other websites 
 WWE.com Profile
 WWE Universe Profile 
 FCW Profile
 Online World of Wrestling Profile 
 Jake Hager's biography & profile 
 

1982 births
Living people
All Elite Wrestling people
American mixed martial artists
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
A food additive is a substance that is added to certain foods to make them better in some ways. Some additives have been used for centuries, like salting fish or using vinegar to preserve vegetables (called pickling). Another use for additives is to use them for food coloring.

Related pages
 Food preservation

Food ingredients
The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) were an organisation formed to help make an independent democratic republic in Ireland. They were known as Fenians. They played an important role in the Irish fight for independence from Britain.  This helped stage the 1916 Easter Rising.

Formation 
The IRB was started at the same time in Dublin and in New York in 1858.  It was started by a number of men who had been connected with the 1848 rebellion in Ireland. They were a very mysterious organization. They believed the only way to get freedom for Ireland was by using force.

Other websites 
 The Irish Republican Brotherhood, from the BBC History site
 Irish Nationalism and Anglo-American Naturalization: The Settlement of the Expatriation Question 1865-1872

History of Ireland
1858 establishments in Europe
Resistance to the British Empire
Irish republicanism
Rebel militia groups
1850s establishments in New York (state)
1858 establishments in the United States
The Portuguese Wikipedia (In Portuguese: Wikipédia em Português) is the Portuguese-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in June 2001.

It is the 15th largest edition by article count.

It currently has over 1,000,000 articles.

References

Other websites 
 Portuguese Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
The Russian Wikipedia () is the Russian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2001. It currently has about  articles. It is currently the 7th largest edition.

References

Other websites 
 Russian Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Pau Casals i Defilló (Pablo Casals) (born El Vendrell, Catalonia, 29 December 1876; died San Juan, Puerto Rico, 22 October 1973) was a Spanish Catalan cellist. He made the cello popular as a solo instrument to the younger generation. In his later years he was also a conductor as well as a composer.

Casals made many recordings of solo, chamber, and orchestral music. Perhaps his best known recordings are the ones he made between 1936 and 1939 of the Cello Suites by Bach. When the dictator General Franco started to rule Spain he felt very strongly about the political situation. When the democratic party was defeated in 1939 he said that he would never go back to Spain until democracy had been restored. He did not live long enough to see the end to Franco’s rule, which happened two years after his death, with the death of Franco.
Life 
Casals' father was the organist at the local church. He gave Casals his first music lessons, teaching him piano, violin and organ. When Casals was eleven, he heard a group of travelling musicians playing music. One of the instruments was the cello. He had never heard one and he decided that was what he wanted to play. His mother took him to Barcelona, where he went to a music school: the Escola Municipal de Música. There he studied the cello, music theory and piano.
One day, when he was 13, he was looking at some old music in a second-hand music shop. He found some very old music for solo cello. They were the Cello Suites by Bach. People in those days thought they were just a collection of studies to help cellists with their technique, but Casals, although only still a boy, realized it was great music. He spent the next 12 years practising them until he felt ready to perform them. Casals’ discovery of these wonderful Cello Suites was the most important Bach discovery since 1829 when Mendelssohn found and performed the St Matthew Passion which the world had forgotten about.

Casals showed enormous talent for the cello. On 23 February 1891, when he was 14 years old, he gave a solo recital in Barcelona. He graduated from the Escola with honours two years later.
In Paris he had very little money. He earned a living by playing second cello in the theatre orchestra of the Folies Marigny. His mother tried to earn some money by sewing. In 1896, he returned to Catalonia where he taught at a music school and played principal cellist in the orchestra of Barcelona's opera house, the Liceu. In 1897 he appeared as soloist with the Madrid Symphony Orchestra, and was awarded the Order of Charles III from the Queen.
International fame 
In 1899, Casals played the Saint-Saëns Cello Concerto at Crystal Palace in London, and later for Queen Victoria at her summer home at Cowes, Isle of Wight. He was becoming very famous. In Paris he make a great impression on everyone, especially the conductor Charles Lamoureux who had started a famous orchestra. Casals went to the Netherlands, the United States where he gave 80 concerts, and South America. He often played with the pianist Harold Bauer.
 
On 15 January 1904 Casals was invited to play at the White House for President Theodore Roosevelt. He played in the Carnegie Hall in New York, playing Richard Strauss's Don Quixote with the composer conducting. Between 1906 and 1912 he had a relationship with a Portuguese cellist Guilhermina Suggia, although they were never married.
In 1914 Casals married the American singer Susan Metcalfe. They were separated in 1928, but did not divorce until 1957.
Casals formed a trio with the pianist Alfred Cortot and the violinist Jacques Thibaud. They gave many concerts and made some of the first recordings of piano trio music. They played together for 30 years.

In 1905 he toured Russia. It was an unfortunate time because the Russian Revolution was taking place. During the concert he played in Moscow gunfire could be heard outside the hall.

During the First World War Casals lived in New York. In 1919 he went back to Barcelona. He wanted to improve the music in his own country. There were very few people who could play well, so he founded his own orchestra: the Orquesta Pau Casals. This annual music festival continued until the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936.
Casals played in many countries, but refused to play in any country that was friendly with Franco’s government in Spain. In 1945 he gave a broadcast at the BBC and spoke to his people in Catalonia. He finished by playing a Catalan folksong called El Cant dels Ocells (The Song of the Birds). He played it at the end of all his concerts. When Britain recognized Franco’s government, Casals decided he could no long play in England. He made one big exception to his decision not to visit Franco-friendly countries: in 1961 he took part in a concert of chamber music in the White House on 13 November where he played to President John F Kennedy whom he admired.

Later years
Later years

Prades Festivals 
In 1950 he continued his career as conductor and cellist at the Prades Festival in Conflent. He agreed to play on condition that the money that was made at the festival would be given to a refugee hospital nearby. Franco said that Spaniards were forbidden to go to the festival, but many managed to cross the border on foot. Many world-famous musicians played at Prades: Josef Szigeti, Isaac Stern, Rudolf Serkin and Eugene Istomin and others.

He continued to lead the Prades Festivals until 1966.
Puerto Rico 
When he was 80 Casals married one of his young students, a girl called Marta. They had met in Prades. Marta was from Puerto Rico where Casals’ mother had come from. They went to live in Puerto Rico in a house called "El Pesebre". In 1957 a musical festival was started there in the town of San Juan. He continued to visit the festival at Prades every year until 1966. He also gave masterclasses at American schools and universities as well as in other countries. Some of these were televised.

The composer 
Casals was also a composer. One of his last compositions was the Himne a les Nacions Unides (Hymn of the United Nations); he conducted its first performance in a special concert at the United Nations on 24 October 1971, 2 months before his 95th birthday.

Casals wrote an autobiography Joys and Sorrows; Reflections (1970).

Death
Death 

Casals died in 1973 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, at the age of 96. In 1979 his remains were taken to El Vendrell, Catalonia, where he had been born. He did not live to see the end of the Franco dictatorial regime. Later, when Franco had died in 1975 and Spain was a democracy once more, the Spanish government under King Juan Carlos I, issued a postage stamp in honour of the centenary of his birth.

In 1989, sixteen years after his death, Casals was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
His achievements 
No other cellist had such an influence on cello playing in the 20th century. He changed the way people thought about cello technique. For example: when he was young violinists and cellists were taught to practise with a book under the right arm. This made the bowing arm very stiff. Casals taught his pupils to play with a free bowing arm. Casals was a great teacher, and he learned a lot about playing through his teaching. He thought about fingering and bowing, and showed his pupils how their left hand could be strong but also relaxed.

The International Pau Casals Cello Competition is held in Germany once every four years. It was started in 2000 to help young cellists to start their careers. It is supported by the Pau Casals Foundation, under the patronage Casals’ widow. One of the prizes is the use of a beautiful cello which was owned by Casals.
References 
The Great Cellists: Margaret Campbell, London 2004, , p. 82. 
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; 

1876 births
1973 deaths
Cellists
Spanish conductors
Spanish composers
Autobiographers
The National Football Conference (NFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the other being the American Football Conference. Every year, the winner of the NFC Championship Game receives the George Halas Trophy and gets to play against the winner of the AFC Championship Game in the Super Bowl.

Season schedule
Season schedule

Each NFC team plays the other teams in their division twice in the regular season.  They play the team once at home and once at the other team's stadium (an "away" game). Each team also plays 10 other games given to their schedule by the NFL in the April before. Two of these games are assigned on the basis of the teams' final record from the year before. The other 8 games are split between the roster of two other NFL divisions. This assignment shifts each year. For example, in the 2007 regular season, each team in the NFC West played one game against each team in both the AFC North and the NFC South. In this way division competition is the same opponents except for the 2 games given based on the strength of the each team's season record from the year before.
At the end of each season, a series of playoff games are played among the top six teams in the NFC.  These are the four division champions (by place standing) and the two other teams ("wild cards") with the best win-loss records. The NFC playoffs culminate in the NFC Championship Game for the George Halas Trophy. The NFC Champion plays the AFC Champion in the Super Bowl.

History
The NFC was made after the NFL merged with the American Football League (AFL) in 1970. While all of the former AFL teams along with the NFL's Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Baltimore Colts made up the American Football Conference (AFC), the other 13 NFL teams formed the NFC.

However, team owners could not agree to a plan on how to put the teams into divisions in the NFC. The proposals were narrowed down to five finalists. Then the plan that was selected was picked out of a glass bowl by then-NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle's secretary.
Since the merger, three expansion teams have joined the NFC.  This makes the current total number of teams 16. When the Seattle Seahawks and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers joined the league in 1976, they were temporarily placed in the NFC and AFC, respectively, for one season before they switched conferences. The Seahawks returned to the NFC as a result of the 2002 realignment. The Carolina Panthers joined the NFC in 1995.

References

National Football League
The Swedish Wikipedia () is the Swedish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2001.  It is the 3rd largest edition.

It has about  articles.

References 

Wikipedias
The Dalmatian (Croatian: Dalmatinac) is a breed of dog. It is named after the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia, in Croatia, its first home. The origins of the breed are unknown. The Dalmatian has been used for a war dog, fire department mascot, and shepherd. It is best known, however, as a coach or carriage dog, being a guard for horse-pulled vehicles.  Also, the Dalmatian was used for being a circus performer, vermin hunter, fire-apparatus follower, hound dog, and as a guard dog.
Origin 
There are lots of arguments about the origin of this dog. Spotted dogs are known very much in the history of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Spotted dogs are also thought to have lived in Egypt. In 1700, a dog known as the Bengal pointer, which looked a bit like the Dalmatian, was popular in England. Some think the Dalmatian is from Croatia, and is a Croatian breed. In the Middle Ages, it was used as a hound dog for hunting. The breed became popular as a carriage dog in the 1800s. They walked among the horses and carriages, following their masters, and guarding the carriages and horses while the master was busy with other things.

Description 

The Dalmatian is a medium , strong dog. Its skull is flat on the top. The muzzle is almost the same length as the top of the skull. Its nose can be either black, brown (liver), blue, or a dark gray that looks like black. Its round eyes are either brown or blue, or sometimes both put together.
Its toenails are white or black in dogs with a black spotted coat and brown or white in those with liver colored spots. Puppies are usually born completely white and the spots develop a few weeks after they are born.

The Dalmatian stands .

Around 8% of Dalmatians are born deaf and some can become partially deaf after a while making them expensive to treat.

Characteristics 
Dalmatians are known as the "clowns" in the dog world. They are also loyal to their owners and caretakers. Dalmatians are medium sized dogs, and they are very active and lively. They are brave and smart, and their senses are very bright. This makes them a good choice to become a companion dog.

References 

Dog breeds
Araucaria heterophylla, also called the Norfolk Island Pine, is a conifer tree.

The tree comes from Norfolk Island, a small island in the South Pacific. It is part of the family of trees called  Araucaria, which are found in South Pacific, mainly on the island of New Caledonia. It is a very old family of trees. It is listed a vulnerable tree, which means that it is in danger of dying out unless efforts are made to save it.

Captain James Cook was the first Europen to see the trees. He thought they would make good masts for ships. The British government sent people to live on Norfolk Island in 1788 to make sure that these trees would be kept for use by the Royal Navy.

References 

Conifers
Vulnerable species
Arques  is a commune of the Aveyron department in the southern part of France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Aveyron department

Communes in Aveyron
Marsan  is a commune of the Gers department in the southwestern part of France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Gers department

Communes in Gers
A vulnerable species is a species of animals or plants which are threatened with extinction unless something changes. Something has to be done to remove the things that are harmful to their survival, and their rate of reproduction needs to increase.

A vulnerable species is one which has been categorised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.  There are now 4728 animals and 4914 plants listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

Mammals
Vulnerable species of mammals include:
 Colombian weasel
 Eastern spotted skunk
 Fat-tailed dwarf lemur
 Gray bat
 Marbled polecat
 Pygmy spotted skunk

Birds
Vulnerable species of birds include:
 White-fronted ground dove

References
Extinct in the Wild (EW) is a conservation status given to a species, a group of plants or animals, when the only known living members are being kept in captivity (kept in a zoo or aquarium, or planted in pots), or they are no longer living in their normal habitat.

Species examples 
Examples of such animals include:

Abingdon Island Tortoise
Red-tailed Black Shark
Père David's Deer
Barbary Lion (extinct in the wild since 1922)
Wyoming Toad (extinct in the wild since 1991)
Hawaiian Crow (extinct in the wild since 2002)
Alagoas Curassow (extinct in the wild since 1987 or 1988)
Socorro Dove (extinct in the wild since 1972)
Guam Rail (extinct in the wild since 1980)
Black Soft-shell Turtle
Butterfly Goodeid
Guam kingfisher
Kihansi spray toad
Northern White Rhinoceros
Partula
Scimitar Oryx
Spix's Macaw
Reintroduction 
Reintroduction is the release of species back into the wild. They come from captivity or moved from other areas where the species survives. It usually involves species that are endangered or extinct in the wild.

It is very hard to reintroduce EW species into the wild, even if their natural habitats were fixed. The main reason may be that the survival skills, which are passed from parents to offspring during parenting, are lost. In other words, the genetics of the species are saved, but the natural skills of the species are lost.

 
Extinction
The Roscoe Wind Farm in Roscoe, Texas, was the world's largest wind farm (back in October 2009) with 627 wind turbines and a total installed capacity of 781.5 MW, which surpassed the nearby 735.5 MW Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center. The project cost more than $1 billion and provides enough power for more than 250,000 average Texan homes. It is located about 200 miles (320 kilometers) west of Fort Worth. The wind farm area spans parts of four Texas counties and covers nearly 100,000 acres, several times the size of Manhattan.

Unlike fossil-fueled power plants, wind farms require no water and generate no carbon dioxide -- a heat-trapping greenhouse gas that is a major contributory component for global warming.

Related pages
Wind power in Texas

References

Wind farms in Texas
The Sherbino Wind Farm is in Pecos County in west Texas. The first 150 megawatts (MW) of the project, which will be able to create 750 MW, is in operation. Phase I uses 50 Vestas V-90 wind turbine generators, each with a rated capacity of 3 MW. BP will operate phase I of the project.

Related pages
List of large wind farms
Wind farms
Wind power
Wind power in the United States
Wind power in Texas

References

Wind farms in Texas
Aglaonema is a genus of about 40 species of foliage plants in the family Araceae, native to the tropical swamps and rainforests of southeastern Asia from Bangladesh east to the Philippines and north to southern China. They are commonly known as "Chinese evergreens".

Araceae
Swallowing happens when food goes through the mouth of a person or animal into their throat. During swallowing, the food passes through a few organs called the pharynx, esophagus and lastly the stomach.

Reflexes
Physiology
Overweight is the condition of a person when they have more fat in their body than is healthy.

Overweight means the person's body is too heavy. To find out if a person is overweight, you can calculate their body mass index. People with a BMI of 25 or more are overweight. Anything above 30 is obese (very overweight). Overweight used to be a BMI of 27 or more. In 1998 this changed.
Being overweight is associated with health problems such as Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is associated with greater health problems than overweight. In 2006  Adams et al. estimated that the risk of death increases by 20 to 40 percent among overweight people. Some people think that being overweight is not as unhealthy as is commonly thought. A 2013 review of 97 PubMed articles with a sample size of 2.88 million found that overweight is associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (death) than 'normal' weight. Body fat contains energy that the body can use to heal when it is sick.  
51.3% of overweight adults are metabolically healthy. Metabolically healthy overweight women are no more likely to die or have a heart attack or stroke than metabolically healthy normal weight women.
Doctors often tell overweight people that losing weight would be good for their health. People usually try to lose weight by eating less. This is called 'dieting'. They may exercise too.
Dieting is often ineffective. 41% of dieters weigh more four to five years after the end of the diet than before it began.

Some people might use herbal teas, powders and pills to help to lower their mass.

Animals can also be overweight.

Overweight is not just associated with bad health. People think that being overweight means that a person is lazy or bad. Overweight people are often treated badly by other people for because of this. This is called fatphobia.

More than 2 billion adults are overweight in the world. The amount of overweight people is increasing.

Notes

Obesity
Physiques
National days are the days which are very special and important for a nation. A National day is a special day where people celebrate their country or nation each year. Most countries have national days and they are usually a national holiday, where people don't go to work or school. In many countries which used to be colonies, the national day is known as  because it remembers the day they became independent from their old empire. In other countries like China, the national day remembers when the old government of the country changed to the new one. In the past, the king or emperor's birthdays were often treated as a kind of national day.
Most countries have only one national day each year but some (like India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) have more than one. The different parts of the United Kingdom used to be separate independent nations and still have national days, but the UK does not have one holiday for the whole country apart from the Queen's Official Birthday. (This isn't her real birthday or an official holiday, but a special Saturday to remember her when people are usually already off work anyway.) Denmark is another country that has no official national day.

List of national days
A
 Afghanistan 19 August (Independence from United Kingdom's control over Afghan foreign affairs in 1919)
 Albania 28 November ("Dita e Pavarësisë", declaration of independence from Ottoman rule in 1912)
 Alderney, Guensey British Islands 9 May (Liberation Day, the end of the German Occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II 1945)
 Algeria 1 November (start of the War of Independence in 1954)
 American Samoa (US) 17 April (Flag Day)
 Andalusia, Spain 28 February (Dia de Andalucia)
 Andorra 8 September (Our Lady of Meritxell Day, patron saint of Andorra)
 Angola 11 November (Independence from Portugal in 1975)
 Anguilla, United Kingdom 30 May (Anguilla Day; the beginning of the Anguillian Revolution in 1967)
 Antigua and Barbuda 1 November (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981)
 Aragon, Spain 23 April (St George's Day, patron saint)
Argentina 25 May (First Patriotic Government, the Spanish viceroy is removed and replaced by the Primera Junta during the May Revolution) and 9 July (Declaration of Independence, from Spain in 1816)
 Armenia 28 May (Republic Day, independence from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic 1918)
 Aruba (Kingdom of the Netherlands) 18 March (Flag Day: autonomy within the Netherlands in 1945)
 Australia 26 January (Australia Day, date of the founding of Sydney, the first European settlement in Australia, 1788)
 Austria 26 October (The Neutrality Constitution of 1955)
 Azerbaijan 28 May (Independence Day, independence from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic 1918)
B
 Bahamas 10 July (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1973)
 Bahrain 16 December (Accession Day for the late Amir Sh. Isa Bin Salman Al Khalifa)
 Balochistan, (Pakistan)  11 August (Independence from British India in 1947)
 Bangladesh 26 March (Bangladeshi Independence Day, declaration of independence from Pakistan in 1971); 16 December (Victory Day, the day the Bangladesh Liberation War ended in 1971)
 Barbados 30 November (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom in 1966)
 Basque Country, Spain  25 October (Day of the Basque Country) (official from 2011)
 Belarus 3 July (Independence Day, liberation of Minsk from German occupation by Soviet troops in 1944)
 Belgium 21 July (Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld takes the oath as first king of the Belgians in 1831)
 Belize 10 September, 21 September (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981)
 Benin 1 August (Independence from France in 1960)
Bermuda, United Kingdom 24 May (Originally Queen Victoria's birthday; now "Bermuda Day" to celebrate the islands' heritage and culture)
 Bhutan 17 December (Ugyen Wangchuck elected hereditary king 1907)
 Bolivia 6 August (Proclamation of Republic (independent from Spain) in 1825)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March (Dan nezavisnosti; Proclamation of independence from Yugoslavia in 1992), 25 November (Bosnian Republic Day, 25 November celebrate in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Serbian Republic Day celebrate in Republika Srpska, 9 January)
Botswana 30 September (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966)
 Brazil 7 September (Dia da Independência, declaration of independence from Portugal in 1822)

 British Virgin Islands, United Kingdom  1 July
 Brunei 23 February
 Bulgaria 3 March (Liberation Day, autonomy within Ottoman Empire 1878)
 Burkina Faso 4 August (change of name from Upper Volta in 1984) (Independence Day, from France in 1960, is 5 August)
 Burundi 1 July (Independence from Belgium in 1962)
C
 Cambodia 9 November (Independence from France in 1953)
 Cameroon 20 May (National Day, creation of a unitary state 1972)
 Canada 1 July (Canada Day, Canada a confederation of four provinces 1867)
 Cape Verde 12 September
 Catalonia (Spain) 11 September (Catalonia loses its nominal independence and constitutions after the fall of Barcelona 1714)
 Cayman Islands, United Kingdom 1st Monday in July
 Central African Republic 1 December (autonomous territory within the French Community 1958)
 Chad 11 August (Independence from France 1960)
 Chile 18 September (the first Government Junta is created 1810)
 China:
 Republic 10 October (Double Ten Day, outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising that led to abolishment of monarchy in China and founding of the Republic of China 1911)
 People's Republic 1 October (National Day, celebration of the beginning of the new government 1949)
 Colombia 20 July (Declaration of independence from Spain 1810)
 Comoros 6 July (Independence from France 1975)
Cook Islands 4 August (Self-government in free association with New Zealand 1965)
 Costa Rica 15 September (Independence from Spain 1821)
 Côte d'Ivoire 7 August (Independence from France 1960)
 Croatia 30 May (Statehood Day, declaration of independence from Yugoslavia 1990)
 Cuba 1 January (Liberation Day, Fidel Castro takes power in 1959 (and Spanish rule ends 1899))
 Curaçao (Kingdom of the Netherlands) 2 July (the first elected island council is instituted 1954)
 Cyprus 1 October (Independence Day 1960)
 Czech Republic 28 October (Independence from Austria-Hungary (as Czechoslovakia) 1918)
D
 Democratic Republic of Congo 30 June (Independence from Belgium in 1960)
 Denmark (no official national day) 5 June (Constitution of 1849)
 Djibouti 27 June (Independence from France 1977)
 Dominica 3 November (Independence from the United Kingdom 1978 (discovered by Christopher Columbus 1493))
 Dominican Republic 27 February (independence from Haiti 1844), 16 August (Restoration Day, independence from Spain 1865)
E
 East Timor 20 May (Independence from Indonesia in 2002)
 Ecuador 10 August (Proclamation of independence from Spain 1809)
 Egypt 23 July (Revolution Day, the revolution of 1952), 6 October (Armed Forces Day, the beginning of the October War 1973)
 El Salvador 15 September (Independence from Spain 1821)
 England, United Kingdom 23 April (St George's Day, patron saint of England, not a bank holiday)
 Equatorial Guinea 12 October (Independence from Spain 1968)
 Eritrea 24 May (Eritrean rebels enter the capital Asmara 1991; independence from Ethiopia 1993)
 Estonia 24 February (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Russia 1918)
 Ethiopia 28 May (Downfall of the Derg Day, the Derg regime is defeated 1991)
F
 Falkland Islands, United Kingdom 14 June (Liberation Day, the end of the Falklands War 1982)
 Faroe Islands (Denmark) 29 July (Ólavsøka (Saint Olaf's death at the Battle of Stiklestad in 1030): opening of the Løgting (parliament) session)
 Fiji 10 October (Fiji Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1970)
 Finland 6 December (Independence Day, declaration of independence from Russia 1917)
 France 14 July (Fête de la Fédération, 14 July 1790)
 French Guyana (France) 14 July (Fête de la Fédération), 20 December Abolition of slavery day

G
Gabon 17 August (Independence from France 1960)
 Gambia 18 February (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1965)
 Georgia 26 May (Day of First Republic, declaration of independence from Russia 1918)
 Germany 3 October (German Unity Day, unification of West Germany and East Germany 1990)
 Ghana 6 March (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1957)
 Gibraltar, United Kingdom 10 September (Gibraltar National Day, people of Gibraltar vote to reject Spanish sovereignty or association 1967)
 Greece 25 March (Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire 1821), 28 October (Ohi Day, rejection of the Italian ultimatum 1940)
 Greenland (Denmark) 21 June (Longest Day of the Year) (The national day was introduced in 1983 as one of the Home Rule's traditions and is thus one of several expressions of national identity, which is also reflected in the flag, clothing, national anthem and language)
 Grenada 7 February (Independence from the United Kingdom 1974)
Guadeloupe, France 14 July (Bastille Day), 27 May Abolition of slavery day (regional only)
 Guam (US) 21 July (Liberation Day, Americans landing on Guam 1944, the beginning of the Battle of Guam (1944))
 Guatemala 15 September (Independence from Spain 1821)
 Guernsey and Dependencies, British Islands 9 May (Liberation Day, the end of the German Occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II 1945)
 Guinea 3 April (Independence from France 1958 on 2 October)
 Guinea-Bissau 24 September (Declaration of independence from Portugal 1973)
 Guyana 23 February (Republic Day, also known as Mashramani, republic 1970)
H
 Haiti 1 January (Declaration of independence from France 1804)
 Herm 9 May (Liberation Day, the end of the German Occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II 1945)
 Honduras 15 September (Independence from Kingdom of Spain 1821)
 Hong Kong 1 July (Transfer of sovereignty to the PRC 1997) 1 October (National Day of the People's Republic of China)
 Hungary 15 March (1848 Revolution memorial day), 20 August (Saint Stephen's day), 23 October (1956 Revolution memorial day)
I
 Iceland 17 June (National Day, founding of republic and dissolution of personal union with Denmark 1944)
 India 26 January (Republic Day, becoming the first republic in the British Commonwealth of Nations 1950), 15 August (Independence Day, from the British Empire 1947)
 Indonesia 17 August (Proclamation of Independence day, (Hari Proklamasi Kemerdekaan R.I.), from Japan and the Netherlands 1945)
 Iran 11 February (Victory of Islamic Revolution)
 Iraq 3 October (Independence from the United Kingdom 1932)
 Ireland 17 March (Saint Patrick's Day, patron saint of Ireland)
 Isle of Man, British Islands (usually) 5 July (Tynwald Day, Tynwald (parliament) annual meeting)
 Israel around 14 May, according to Jewish calendar at 5 Iyar (Yom Ha'atzmaut, proclamation of independence from the British Mandate of Palestine 1948)
J
 Jamaica 1st Monday in August (Independence from the United Kingdom 6 August 1962)
 Japan 11 February (National Foundation Day, Jimmu, the first emperor, is crowned in year 660 BC)
 Jersey, British Islands 9 May (Liberation Day, the end of the German Occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II 1945)
 Jordan 25 May (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1946; the parliament of Transjordan makes Abdullah I of Jordan their king 1946)
K
 Kazakhstan 25 October (Republic Day, declared sovereign republic within the USSR 1990)
 Kenya 12 December (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1963; Republic Day, (Jamhuri Day), 1964)
 Kiribati 12 July (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979)
 North Korea 15 August (liberation from Japanese rule, 1945) 9 September (declaration of the North Korean State, 1948)
 South Korea 15 August (both the liberation from Japanese rule, 1945 (Gwangbokjeol) and the declaration of the South Korean state, 1948), 3 October (Gaecheonjeol, the ancient Korea founded in 2333 BC), 1 March (declaration of independence of modern Korea and the March 1st movement, 1919)
 Kurdistan 21 March (Nawroz, Kurdish New Year celebrated on the Northern Hemisphere's spring equinox)
 Kuwait 25 February (Kuwait National Day) (26 February is Liberation Day, from Iraq 1991)
 Kyrgyzstan 31 August (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the USSR in 1991)
 Kosovo 17 February (see 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence)
L
 Laos 2 December (Lao National Day, people's republic declared 1975)
 Latvia 18 November (Declaration of independence from Russia 1918)
 Lebanon 22 November (Independence from France 1943), 25 May (Resistance and Liberation Day from Israel 2000)
 Lesotho 4 October (Independence from the United Kingdom 1966)
 Liberia 26 July (Proclamation of the Republic: independence from the United States 1847)
 Libya 17 February  (The revolution against El-Gazafi)
 Liechtenstein 15 August (The Hereditary Prince becomes Regent 2004)
 Lithuania 16 February (Lithuanian State Reestablishment Day, declaration of independence from Russia and Germany 1918); 6 July (Statehood Day, establishment of the medieval Lithuanian kingdom by Mindaugas in 1253.)
 Luxembourg 23 June (the Monarch's birthday)
M
 Macau 20 December (Transfer of sovereignty to the PRC 1999) 1 October (National Day of the People's Republic of China)
 Macedonia 8 September (Den na nezavisnosta or Ден на независноста, declaration of independence from Yugoslavia 1991)
 Madagascar 26 June (Independence from France 1960)
 Madeira Day 1 July (Autonomy from Portugal)
 Malawi 6 July (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1964; and Republic Day 1966)
 Malaysia 31 August (Hari Merdeka, independence (within the Commonwealth) from the United Kingdom 1957) and 16 September (Malaysia Day, the formation of Malaysia)
 Maldives 1st of Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar
 Mali 22 September (Independence from the Mali Federation 1960)
Malta  31 March (Freedom Day, withdrawal of British troops from Malta 1979), 7 June (Sette Giugno, bread riot of 1919 where 4 Maltese men died), 8 September (Victory Day, victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Great Siege of Malta 1565; Italian government publicly announced agreement to an armistice with the WWII Allies, therefore ending the attacks on Malta by the Italians 1943) 21 September (Independence Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1964), 13 December (Republic Day, republican constitution of 1974, therefore becoming a republic).
 Marshall Islands 1 May (Constitution Day, 1979)
 Martinique, France 14 July (Bastille Day), 22 May Abolition of slavery day (regional only)
 Mauritania 28 November (Independence Day, from France 1960)
 Mauritius 12 March (Independence Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1968, republic 1992)
 Mayotte France 14 July (Bastille Day), 27 April Abolition of slavery day (regional only)
Mexico 16 September (Grito de Dolores, declaration of independence from Spain 1810)
 Micronesia, Federated States of 3 November (Independence Day, from the US-administered UN Trusteeship 1979)
 Minorca, Spain 17 January (Alfonso III of Aragon took the island from Muslims, 1287)
 Moldova 27 August (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Soviet Union 1991)
 Monaco 19 November (the levée of Prince Albert II 2005)
 Mongolia 11 July (Naadam Holiday, declaration of  independence from China 1921; however, Naadam is also celebrated in China by both Han Chinese and Mongols without political attachments)
 Montenegro  13 July (recognised as independent at the Congress of Berlin 1878), 21 May (independence on the referendum in 2006)
 Montserrat, United Kingdom 2nd Saturday in June
 Morocco 2 March (Independence from France 1956)
 Mozambique 25 June (Independence from Portugal 1975)