Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ben-Gurion International Airport Garden is a public garden. It is located in Terminal 3 of Ben-Gurion International Airport and opened in 2004. 

The garden was designed by the architect Shlomo Aronson and was lead by the architect Ram Karmi. The garden is symbolised the view of the Land of Israel and the plants of Israel. in 2005 the Ben-Gurion Airport Central Garden won an Award of Honor in the Professional General Design Category from the American Society of Landscape Architects.

Gallery

Other websites 

Tel Aviv
Parks in Israel
Tulip breaking virus is one of five plant viruses that cause both tulips and lilies to have a different petal color effect, such as stripes or flames on an otherwise single color flower. Tulip breaking virus is in the same virus group as Tulip top-breaking virus (TTBV), Tulip bandbreaking virus (TBBV), Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus (ReTBV) and Lily mottle virus (LMoV) but they are all considered different viruses. Tulip breaking virus can come in two forms: Severe tulip breaking virus and mild tulip breaking virus. Severe tulip breaking virus can cause light colors to appear on tulips, whereas mild tulip breaking virus tends to cause darker colors to appear.

Effects of the virus 
Tulip breaking virus infects the bulb of the tulip or lily and changes the color of the petals. This change depends on the strain of the virus, the type of plant and the age of the plant when it gets infected. Tulip breaking virus causes differences in the pigments in the flowers, which in turn changes the colors.
In lilies, it takes two weeks after infection to see a change in petal color and then changes the shape of the leaves and flowers.

In all forms, the virus harms the bulb and makes it more difficult for the plant to sprout again year after year. Eventually, the bulb is unable to flower again, which is why rare color broken bulbs from the past are no longer in existence.

History 
Tulip breaking virus used to be considered the earliest recorded virus, but now it is considered the second earliest, virus-induced leaf chlorosis being the first in 752 AD.
The first time tulip breaking virus was described was in 1576 by Carolus Clusius, a Flemish professor of botany. He called it "rectification" because he believed that the color changes were the plant trying to purify or "rectify" itself.  Clusius also noticed the harm done to the bulb by the virus, but did not know that a virus was causing it. In fact, it took until a decade after World War I for scientists to figure out that a plant virus was the culprit for the color changes. This was considered quite late because plant viruses themselves were known to scientists since 1897. 

Before it was known that a virus caused the color changes, it was thought that environmental factors, such as soil, fertilizer or bulb storage, or chronic disorders were to blame.
Pathogen discovery 
The virus was discovered by Dorothy Cayley at the John Innes Horticultural Institution in Norfolk, England. She experimented by transferring parts of an infected bulb to a non-infected bulb and seeing if it remained a solid color, or became "broken" in color. She concluded that even transferring minute amounts lead to infection in a healthy bulb.

The virus was then proven to be transferred by at least four species of aphids. The virus is picked up and lives in the aphid's mouths and is then transferred to another plant when the aphid feeds.

In the 1960s it was finally proven that tulip breaking virus was indeed a virus, and today its genetic code has been partially sequenced.

Distribution 
It is very difficult to control the spread of tulip breaking virus. It is found world-wide and is very common in southern Europe because of the abundant aphid population. Aphid transmission causes millions of dollars of damage, but mineral oils and pyrethroids are used to combat the pests.
After an experiment was done looking at populations of aphids and time of year, it was concluded that tulip breaking virus transmission starts in April, even though the majority of aphids were not found until May.

The United States, Great Britain and other countries do not allow the sale of infected bulbs, in order to restrict the virus.

Broken tulips today 
Most tulips today are bred to have stripes, rather than being infected. However, many tulip enthusiasts dislike the bred tulips and prefer the virus infected plants. There are only a few truly "broken" older plants, alive today only because the virus has not completely stunted the growth. An example of this is Absalon from 1780 which has gold flames against a dark brown background.
Currently, optical sensors are used to detect tulip breaking virus. Recent research looked at the different types of optical sensors and concluded that spectral cameras may be the best type for specifically finding tulip breaking virus, however it was only a bit more accurate than an expert's visual assessment.  Other types of optical sensors considered in the experiment were color cameras, but they were not as effective as spectral cameras nor visual assessment by experts.

References

Viruses
Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko (18 July 1932 – 1 April 2017) was a Soviet and Russian poet. He was also a novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, publisher, actor, editor and director of several movies. 

In 1961, he wrote a poem Babi Yar describing mass murder of the Holocaust at Babi Yar during World War II.

Yevtushenko died of heart failure after having kidney surgery at a hospital in Tulsa, Oklahoma on 1 April 2017, aged 84.

References

Other websites

 Yevgeny Yevtushenko poetry at Stihipoeta.ru  
 Biography  – Canadian Encyclopedia
Yevgeny Yevtushenko online archive 
 
  Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Collected Poems in English. Part 1
 Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Collected Poems in English. Part 2
  Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Zima Station Poem 
 Yevgeny Yevtushenko. "May God" ("Дай Бог") (English translation) 
 Chingiz Aitmatov on Yevgeny  Yevtushenko 
 Andrey Voznesensky's article on Yevgeny Yevtushenko 
 Audio/Video recordings of a Poetry Reading by Yevgeny Yevtushenko at the University of Chicago
 The Bookplate Collection in the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the Library of Congress contains materials related to the career of Yevtushenko.

1932 births
2017 deaths
Russian poets
Russian novelists
Russian screenwriters
Russian movie directors
Soviet essayists
Soviet movie actors
Gary Austin (October 18, 1941 – April 1, 2017) was an American improvisational theatre teacher, writer, and director. He wrote two solo shows, "Church" and "Oil," and performed them coast to coast. His most recent show was "Gary Austin in Word And Song". He directed the improvisational group The Groundlings. 

Austin was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. He was raised in Dallas, Texas and in Santa Fe Springs, California. He studied at San Francisco State University. was married to Wenndy MacKenzie from 1990 until he died in 2017. They had one son together.

Austin died on April 1, 2017 of cancer in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

Gary Austin  at AND Theatre Company
Gary Austin at The Groundlings

1941 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Educators from San Francisco
American entertainers
Writers from Oklahoma
Writers from San Francisco
Writers from Dallas
Educators from Dallas
Richard Nelson Bolles (March 19, 1927 – March 31, 2017) was an American Episcopal clergyman and writer. He was known for being the author of the best-selling job-hunting book, What Color is Your Parachute?. 

Bolles was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He studied at Harvard University. Bolles died on March 31, 2017 in Danville, California, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 

1927 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in California
Writers from Milwaukee
Elizabeth Wagele (May 31, 1939 – March 27, 2017) was an American artist, musician, and writer of books on the Enneagram of Personality and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

Early life
Wagele was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. She was raised in Berkeley, California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Wagele was married to Gus Wagele until her death in 2017.

Career
Wagele was one of the best-selling authors on the subject of the Enneagram and wrote about the Myers-Briggs system, especially introversion. An award-winning cartoonist, she also illustrated her books with many cartoons and was known for her humor in her writing.

Death
Wagele died of neuroendocrine cancer at her home in Berkeley, California on March 27, 2017, aged 77.

References
References

1939 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from neuroendocrine cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American cartoonists
American classical musicians
Writers from Salt Lake City, Utah
Musicians from Berkeley, California
Writers from Berkeley, California
Musicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
James Rosenquist (November 29, 1933 – March 31, 2017) was an American artist. He was one of the protagonists in the pop-art movement. Rosenquist was a 2001 inductee into the Florida Artists Hall of Fame.

Rosenquist said the following about his involvement in the Pop Art movement: "They [art critics] called me a Pop artist because I used recognizable imagery. The critics like to group people together. I didn't meet Andy Warhol until 1964. I did not really know Andy or Roy Lichtenstein that well. We all emerged separately."

Rosenquist died at his home in New York City on March 31, 2017 at the age of 83 after a long illness.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American artists
People from Grand Forks, North Dakota
People from Florida
Radley Metzger (also known as Radley Henry Metzger and by the pseudonyms, "Jake Barnes" and "Henry Paris" (born January 21, 1929; died March 31, 2017) was an American pioneering filmmaker and film distributor.

Metzger was known for directing popular artistic, adult-oriented films, including Camille 2000 (1969), Score (1974), The Lickerish Quartet (1970), The Image (1975) and The Opening of Misty Beethoven (1976). According to one film reviewer, Metzger's films, including those made during the Golden Age of Porn, are noted for their "lavish design, witty screenplays, and a penchant for the unusual camera angle". Another reviewer noted that his films were "highly artistic — and often cerebral ... and often featured gorgeous cinematography".

Film and audio works by Metzger have been added to the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City.

On March 31, 2017, Metzger died at the age of 88 in New York City.

References
References

1929 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Movie directors from New York City
Darcus Howe (26 February 1943 – 1 April 2017) was a British broadcaster, writer, and civil liberties campaigner.

He was an editor of Race Today, and chair of the Notting Hill Carnival. He was best known in the UK for his Black on Black series on Channel 4; his affairs programme, Devil's Advocate; and his work with Tariq Ali on Bandung File.

Howe died in Streatham, London on 1 April 2017 from complications of prostate cancer, aged 74.

References

Other websites
Bio, BlackinBritain.co.uk, accessed 13 August 2011.

1943 births
2017 deaths
Black British people
British activists
British television presenters
British writers
Trinidad and Tobago activists
Kenneth Joseph "Ken" Donnelly (July 15, 1950 – April 2, 2017) was an American politician. He served as a member of the Massachusetts State Senate from 2009 until his death in 2017. He represented the Fourth Middlesex district. He was a Democrat. 

Donnelly was born in Arlington, Massachusetts in 1950. He graduated from the University of Massachusetts Amherst with a BA in Labor Studies. He was a retired lieutenant with the Lexington Fire Department in Lexington, Massachusetts.

Donnelly died on April 2, 2017 in Arlington, Massachusetts from complications of a brain tumor, aged 66.

References

Other websites
Ken Donnelly's website 

1950 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Massachusetts
Politicians from Massachusetts
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Hans Folke "Hasse" Alfredson (28 June 1931 – 10 September 2017) was a Swedish actor, movie director, writer and comedian. He was born in Malmö, Sweden. He is known for his works with Tage Danielsson as the duo Hasse & Tage.

Alfredson's 1985 movie False as Water won the award for Best Director at the 21st Guldbagge Awards.

References

Other websites

1931 births
2017 deaths
Swedish movie actors
Swedish movie directors
Swedish writers
Swedish comedians
People from Malmo
It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror movie based Stephen King's 1986 novel of the same name and directed by Andy Muschietti, produced by KatzSmith Productions, Lin Pictures, and Vertigo Entertainment, and distributed by Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema

It is the highest-grossing horror movie in history with $677.6 million in the box office, beating The Sixth Sense with $672.8 million.

Background

It is the first installment in a planned duology, as well as being the second adaptation following Tommy Lee Wallace's It (1990) miniseries.

In June 2016, Bill Skarsgård was cast as the villain Pennywise the Dancing Clown after another actor, Will Poulter, dropped out due to other projects.

Plot
The movie tells the story of seven children in Detroit, Michigan who are terrorized by Pennywise the Clown, only to face their own personal demons in the process.
Release
It was released on September 8, 2017 in the United States. The movie made $13.5 million from Thursday night previews, setting the record for highest amount by both an R-rated (beating Deadpools $12.6 million) and a horror movie.

The movie was released to positive reviews and has an 86% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 203 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Well-acted and fiendishly frightening with an emotionally affecting story at its core, It amplifies the horror in Stephen King's classic story without losing touch with its heart."

Sequels and adaptations
A sequel, It – Chapter Two, was released in 2019.

Awards

References

Other websites
2017 horror movies
2010s drama thriller movies
2010s horror thriller movies
2010s supernatural movies
American drama thriller movies
American horror thriller movies
American supernatural movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Maine
Movies set in 1988
Warner Bros. movies
Movies based on books by Stephen King
Movies about children
Movies about child death
Movies about clowns
Movies about puberty
Movies about friendship
The Naz Male Health Alliance (NMHA), founded in Pakistan in 2011, is a non-governmental organization providing technical, financial, and institutional support for improving the sexual health, welfare and human rights of the country's LGBT community. It is the first and only LGBT community-based organisation in Pakistan of its kind. 

The Alliance provides support and guidance to groups and organisations offering direct services to the community. Health services include HIV/AIDS treatment and contraceptive information and distribution.

References 

LGBT rights
Transgender
HIV/AIDS
2011 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Pakistan
A WHO working definition for sexual health is that it "is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled." However, while used by WHO as well as other organizations, this is not an official WHO position, and should not be used or quoted as a WHO definition.

References

Related pages
Reproductive rights

Human sexuality
Health
George Benson (born March 22, 1943) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He began his professional music career at age 21 as a jazz guitarist. He uses a rest-stroke picking technique.

Benson began as a child prodigy. He first came into being familiar in the 1960s. He played soul jazz with other singers. He later launched a successful solo career. He alternates between jazz, pop, R&B singing and scat singing.

Benson's album Breezin was a triple platinum studio album. It hit #1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976.

His concerts were well-attended in the 1980s. He still has a large following. He has gotten a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

References

Singers from Pennsylvania
American R&B musicians
American pop musicians
1943 births
Living people
Herbert Jeffrey "Herbie" Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, composer and actor. He started his career with Donald Byrd. He then joined the Miles Davis Quintet. Hancock helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section. He was one of the main architects of the post-bop sound. He was also one of the first jazz musicians to embrace synthesizers and funk music.

Hancock's best-known compositions include "Watermelon Man", "Canteloupe Island" and "Chameleon". His 2007 tribute album River: The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.

Hancock was born in Chicago.

References

American pianists
American movie actors
American composers
Musicians from Chicago
1940 births
Living people
Show No Mercy is the first studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer. Released on December 3, 1983, Show No Mercy was recorded in November of 1983.

Songs 

The 1987 re-issue also features songs from the Haunting the Chapel EP.

Other websites 

Show No Mercy on allmusic.com

1983 albums
Slayer albums
Vijayalaya Chola was a king of South India,  and founded the imperial Chola dynasty. He ruled over the region to the north of the river Kaveri River.The ancient Chola kingdom once famous in Tamil literature and in the writings of Greek merchants and geographers faded into darkness after c. 300 CE. Cholas during this period almost completely disappeared from their native land. They seem to have held on to their old capital city of Urayur. This 'dark' age of Tamil history came to an end with the ascendency of the Pandyas and the Pallavas. The Cholas had to wait for another three centuries until the accession of Vijayalaya in the second quarter of the ninth century to re-establish their dynasty.
The Tiruvalangadu plates state that Vijayalaya captured the city of Tanjavur and made it his capital and that he also built in it a temple to the goddess Nisumbhasudani (Durga).  The Kanyakumari inscription states that he developed the city of Tanjore.Vijayalaya took the title of Parakesarivarman. Chola kings succeeding him took the titles of Parakesari and Rajakesari in turns. This is probably to acknowledge their ancestors Parakesari and Rajakesari.Narttamalai, Pudukkottai has a solesvara temple attributed to Vijayalaya.

References

 www.revolvy.com/Vijayalaya Chola
 Tamil And Sanskrit Inscriptions Chiefly Collected In 1886 - 87, E. Hultzsch, Ph.D., Published by Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi
 Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1935). The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras (Reprinted 1984).
 Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).

Tamil monarchs
9th-century births
870s births
Lonnie Brooks (born Lee Baker Jr., December 18, 1933 – April 1, 2017) was an American blues singer and guitarist.

Influence
The Rolling Stone said that "His music is witty, soulful and ferociously energetic, brimming with novel harmonic turnarounds, committed vocals and simply astonishing guitar work." New York Times, wrote, "He sings in a rowdy baritone, sliding and rasping in songs that celebrate lust, fulfilled and unfulfilled; his guitar solos are pointed and unhurried, with a tone that slices cleanly across the beat. Wearing a cowboy hat, he looks like the embodiment of a good-time bluesman."

Death
Brooks died in Chicago, Illinois on April 1, 2017 from a short-illness, aged 83.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Chicago
American blues musicians
American guitarists
American blues singers
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Chicago
Life 
Rajagopalachari was born in the village of Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district of the Madras Presidency (now the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu). He went to school at Central College, Bangalore, and Presidency College, Madras. After entering politics, he became a member and later President of the Salem municipality. He joined the Indian National Congress and was against the Rowlatt Act. He joined the Non-Cooperation movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha, and the Civil Disobedience movement. In 1930, Rajagopalachari risked going to prison when he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March. In 1937, Rajagopalachari became Premier of the Madras Presidency and served until 1940, when he resigned because of Britain's declaration of war on Nazi Germany. After this, he supported co-operation with Britain's war effort and was against the Quit India Movement.
In 1946, Rajagopalachari became Minister of Industry, Supply, Education and Finance in the Interim Government of India. He then was the Governor of West Bengal from 1947 to 1948, Governor-General of India from 1948 to 1950, Home Minister of India from 1951 to 1952 and Chief Minister of Madras state (present Tamil Nadu) from 1952 to 1954. In 1959, he resigned from the Indian National Congress and founded the Swatantra Party, which stood against the Congress in the 1962, 1967 and 1972 elections. Rajagopalachari was an important person in setting up a united Anti-Congress front in Madras state under C. N. Annadurai, which swept the 1967 elections.

References

Tamil Nadu politicians
Governors of West Bengal
The Swatantra Party was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 . Still having members in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Prof. Babu Joseph from Kottayam, National executive member of Swatantra Party who attended the meeting of 50th year of Commemorating Swatantra Party which is held in Mumbai on August 1, 2009. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the Jawaharlal Nehru-dominated Indian National Congress's increasingly socialist and statist outlook. Swatantra (Freedom) stood for a market-based economy.The party was thus favoured by some traders and industrialists, but at the state-level its leadership was dominated by the traditional wealthy classes such as zamindars (landlords) and formerly princely states. Its membership was not restricted on the basis of religion, unlike the Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh
. In 1960, Rajagopalachari and his colleagues drafted a 21-point manifesto detailing why Swatantra Party had to be formed, even though they were formerly Congressmen and associates of Nehru during the struggle for independence. The Prime Minister was highly critical of Swatantra, dubbing the party as belonging to "the middle ages of lords, castles and zamindars.
In the 1962 general election, the first after its formation, Swatantra received 6.8 percent of the total votes and won 18 seats in the third Lok Sabha (1962–67). It emerged as the main opposition to the dominant Congress in four states—Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Orissa. By the next general election in 1967, Swatantra had become a significant force in some parts of India; it won 8.7 percent of the votes and became the single-largest opposition party in the fourth Lok Sabha (1967–71) with 44 seats. In 1971, Swatantra joined a "Grand Alliance" of parties from across the political spectrum who aimed to defeat Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The party secured eight seats, winning only 3% of the votes. The next year, in 1972, its founder Rajagopalachari died, and Swatantra declined rapidly. By 1974, with many of its members joining the Charan Singh-led Bharatiya Lok Dal, another coalition committed to anti-Congressism.

Reference
Reference

Political parties in India
1959 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in India
1974 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in India
Warner Robins is a city in central Georgia. It was named for General Augustine Warner Robins of the U.S. Air Force. 

Warner Robins was founded in 1942 from the community of Wellston. It was incorporated as a town in 1943. It became a city in 1956.

As of the 2020 census, 80,308 people lived there.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha was a march started by Indian statesman C. Rajagopalachari, inspired by the Dandi March. C. Rajagopalachari, a close associate of Gandhi, led the march which had close to 150 volunteers, most of who belonged to the Indian National Congress. It began at Trichinopoly (now Tiruchirappalli) on 13 April 1930 and proceeded for about 150 miles towards the east before reaching Vedaranyam, a small coastal town in the then Tanjore District.By collecting salt directly from the sea the marchers broke the salt law. As a part of the march, Rajagopalachari created awareness among the people by highlighting the importance of khadi or cotton as well as social issues like caste discrimination. The campaign came to an end on 28 April 1930 when the participants were arrested by the police. Its leader Rajagopalachari was imprisoned for six months. The march along with the ones at Dandi and Dharasana drew worldwide attention to the Indian independence movement.

Reference

1930s in India
The Personal Liberty Laws were laws passed by several U.S. states in the North to counter the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850.  The North
were mostly abolitionists, who did not like slavery, so they made these laws.

United States law
The United States presidential election of 1852 was the 17th presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1852. The United States holds presidential elections every four years. Franklin Pierce was elected president.

Candidates

Millard Fillmore was the incumbent president, having replaced Zachary Taylor, the 1848 winner, on his death in 1850. Fillmore belonged to the Whig Party. Instead of choosing Fillmore as a candidate for 1852, the Whigs chose General Winfield Scott. William Alexander Graham was Scott's running mate, the person who would become vice-president if elected.

The Democratic Party selected Franklin Pierce. Pierce was not a well known politician. William R. King was Pierce's running mate.

References

1852
1852
1850s in the United States
Mark E. Green (born November 8, 1964) is an American physician and politician from the state of Tennessee. He is the member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee's 7th congressional district since January 3, 2019. He was in the Tennessee Senate as a member of the Republican Party.

Green founded and served as the CEO of Align MD a healthcare emergency medicine staffing company.  Before serving as CEO of Align MD Dr. Green was a member of the US Army. He served as an emergency medicine physician in Operation Red Dawn, which saw the capture of Saddam Hussein.

On January 4, 2017, Green announced his plans to run for Governor of Tennessee in the 2018 election.
On March 15, 2017, sources revealed to the Tennessean that Green was under consideration for Secretary of the Army by the Trump Administration. On April 1, 2017, Trump announced his plans to nominate Green as Secretary of the Army. If confirmed, it would effectively end his run for Governor in 2018. Green, however, withdrew his nomination on May 5, 2017.

References

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
Military people from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Florida
American physicians
United States representatives from Tennessee
Politicians from Florida
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Antonio Lamela (December 1, 1926 – April 1, 2017) was a Spanish architect. He was born and raised in Madrid. His most well known projects are Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, the Adolfo Suárez, Madrid–Barajas Airport and the Torres de Colón. 

Lamela died on April 1, 2017 in Madrid at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 Official website of Estudio Lamela Arquitectos
 Conferencia A. Lamela
 Antonio Lamela CV, at COAG
 Antonio Lamela CV, at GVA 

1926 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Madrid
Spanish architects
People from Madrid
Sergio González Rodríguez (26 January 1950 – 3 April 2017) was a Mexican journalist and writer. He was born in Mexico City. He was best known for his works on the murders of women in Ciudad Juárez in the 1990s to 2000s, such as Huesos en el desierto (Bones in the desert) published in 2002. 

Rodríguez also wrote novels, essays, screenplays for documentaries and was recognized with several awards in Mexico and Spain.

Rodríguez died of a heart attack in Mexico City on 3 April 2017, aged 67.

References

Other websites

1950 births
2017 deaths
Mexican journalists
Mexican novelists
Mexican screenwriters
Mexican historians
Mexican essayists
Writers from Mexico City
On 3 April 2017, an explosion took place on the Saint Petersburg Metro between Sennaya Ploshchad and Tekhnologichesky Institut stations. Nine people were initially reported to have died, and later two more died from their injuries. At least 45 others were injured in the incident. 

The explosive device was contained in a briefcase. A second explosive device was found and defused on a train at another metro station.

Attacker
Investigators stated on 3 April 2017 that they believed the attack was a suicide bombing and identified a Central Asian as the suspected perpetrator. Some reports identified the suspect as Maxim Arishev, a 22-year-old immigrant from Kazakhstan, while others stated the suspect was a 23-year-old native of Kyrgyzstan with Russian citizenship with links to international militant groups. The next day, the suspected perpetrator was named as Akbarzhan Jalilov, a Russian citizen born in Kyrgyzstan. It was the first terrorist attack in the history of the Saint Petersburg Metro system.

References
References

2017 murders in Europe
2010s explosions in Europe
2010s in Russia

April 2017 events
Explosions in 2017
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2017
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe 
Mass murder in 2017
Mass murder in Europe
2017 Metro bombing
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2017
Leonard Litwin (October 16, 1914 – April 2, 2017) was an American real estate developer. Through his company, Glenwood Management Corp., he specialized in residential construction.  His firm owns and operates about 24 buildings in Manhattan. and rents about 4,200 high-end units. His buildings have a reputation for being well built and well managed.

Litwin died on April 2, 2017 in Melville, New York from respiratory failure at the age of 102.

References

1914 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in New York (state)
American Jews
American centenarians
Real estate developers
Businesspeople from New York City
It, also known as Pennywise the Dancing Clown or Bob Gray, is the title character and main antagonist of Stephen King's 1986 horror novel It. The character is a demonic and scary supernatural entity that murders and eats the local children of the fictional town of Derry, Maine about every twenty-seven years, using many powers that include the ability to shapeshift, manipulate reality, and go unnoticed by adults.

King came up with the idea for Pennywise after asking himself what scared children "more than anything else in the world", which he felt was clowns. The character has been described as one of the scariest clowns in popular culture and is a global icon.
Villains
The character was portrayed by Tim Curry in the 1990 television adaptation of the same name; and by Bill Skarsgård in the 2017 and 2019 movie adaptation. Welcome to Derry, a prequel TV series for the streaming service HBO Max based on the first two movies is officially in development.

References
References

Clowns
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional extraterrestrial characters
Fictional demons and devils
Monsters
Supervillains
Characters in written fiction
It is a 1990 supernatural horror drama miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace, adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from the Stephen King novel of the same name.

Plot
The story revolves around an inter-dimensional predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to explore the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the form of a sadistic, wisecracking clown called Pennywise, in order to trick and murder children. The protagonists are The Lucky Seven,  or The Losers Club, a group of outcast children who discover Pennywise and vow to destroy him by any means necessary. 

The series takes place over two different time periods, the first when the Losers first discover Pennywise as children, and the second when they're called back as adults to defeat Pennywise, who has resurfaced.
Cast
The series features an ensemble cast, which includes Dennis Christopher, Annette O'Toole, John Ritter, Harry Anderson, Richard Thomas, Tim Reid, Richard Masur, Michael Cole, Olivia Hussey, and Tim Curry as Pennywise.

Background
Originally thought as a four-part eight-hour series, ABC enlisted writer Lawrence D. Cohen to adapt the 1,138-page King novel. Production on It began in early 1990, and the series was filmed over a period of three months in New Westminster, British Columbia in mid-1990.

Aftermath
It aired on ABC over two nights on November 18 and 20, 1990, and was a major success for the network, attracting 30 million viewers in its premiere. Since its initial television broadcast, the miniseries has gotten positive reception and becoming a cult sensation following in recent years.

Other websites

 
 
 "Back to Derry": An Oral History of 'Stephen King's It' at Yahoo!

Miniseries
Stephen King
It is a 1986 horror novel by American author Stephen King. The story follows the lives of seven children as they are terrorized by the demonic clown being, which exploits the fears and phobias of its victims in order to disguise itself while hunting its prey. "It" primarily appears in the form of a clown in order to attract its preferred prey of young children. 

The novel is told through narratives alternating between two time periods, and is largely told in the third-person mode. It deals with themes that eventually became King staples: the power of memory, childhood trauma, and the ugliness lurking behind a traditional small-town values. 

The novel won the British Fantasy Award in 1987, and received nominations for the Locus and World Fantasy Awards that same year. Publishers Weekly listed It as the best-selling book in the United States in 1986.
Popular versions of the novel have been made from a 1990 miniseries and a duology movie series: It Chapter One (2017) and It Chapter Two (2019). A prequel TV series based on the first two movies for the streaming service HBO Max titled Welcome to Derry is officially in development.

References

Books by Stephen King
Horror novels
1986 books
A water board is a governmental institution that deals with water management, like the maintenance of dykes.

Water boards are especially to be found in low-lying (parts of) countries like the Netherlands and Flanders.

Water
Local government
Gray iron or gray cast iron is a mixture of cast iron and graphite. It is used in cookware and combustion cylinders. The more force the iron can hold, the better the iron is.

Advantages and Disadvantages
Gray iron is very strong. It is also very good for building machines and very good for absorbing energy. Gray iron is easy to weld. However, gray iron cannot handle quick strikes, and breaks easily.

Iron
Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie is a computer-animated superhero action-comedy movie based on the children's novel series of the same name. It was released on June 2, 2017 in 3D and 2D by DreamWorks Animation and 20th Century Fox.

References 

2017 comedy movies
2017 animated movies
2010s superhero movies
2010s action comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Computer-animated movies
Movies based on books
American superhero movies
American action comedy movies
American animated movies
American family movies
Hammerscale is what is left behind after you forge iron like it was done in ancient times. It is the metal version of sawdust. Hammerscale is very useful in archaeology.

Description

Physical Appearance 
Hammerscale looks like either flakes or spheres. The flakes can be very different in size and shape. The spheres are hollow, and often the same size. Hammerscale is black, light gray, or blue.

Chemical Composition 
Hammerscale was probably made from magnetite. However, later steps in the iron working process have given hammerscale that is more and more pure.

In archaeology 
Hammerscale is used to tell what some iron was used for, how it was used, and who made it.

Iron
Årstaskolan (Arsta School), is a municipal compulsory located in the neighborhood of Årsta in Stockholm, Sweden. The school is a so-called F-9 school tuition from kindergarten up to 9th grade. The schoolhouse was built in 1946 and designed by Swedish architect Stig Åkermark. It has approximately 900 pupils.

References
BASF, official name: BASF SE, is a German chemical company. Its headquarters are in Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate. 

BASF was established in 1865. It is the biggest chemical company of the world.

Current CEO of BASF is Maryam Tariq, as she is carrying the entire BASF team on her shoulders. 

1865 establishments in Europe
Manufacturing companies of Germany
Ludwigshafen
1860s establishments in Germany
Chemical companies
Hexaferrum, also known as epsilon iron, is a form of iron at very high pressure. Hexaferrum is often compared to cobalt. Hexaferrum is a (formula: Fe, Os, Ru, Ir) hexagonal-dihexagonal dipyramidal yellowish steel-gray mineral containing iridium, iron, osmium, and ruthenium. It was named for the crystal morphology, being in the Hexagonal system, and its composition, containing essential iron.

References 

Iron
John Knut Chrispinsson (13 December 1956 – 3 April 2017) was a Swedish journalist and television presenter. He worked mostly in TV and radio with news programs and historical programs. 

Chrispinsson also wrote several books on Swedish history. 

Chrispinsson died in Stockholm on 3 April 2017 from a heart attack complicated by borrelia, aged 60.

References

Other websites

1956 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Swedish television presenters
Swedish journalists
Writers from Stockholm
Rochechouart () is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west central France. It is a subprefecture of the Haute-Vienne department. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of the same name.

Geography
Rochechouart is in the western part of the Haute-Vienne department, along the valley of the Grêne river. The confluence of the Grêne with the Vayres river is to the south of the town. Another river, the Gorre, forms the northeastern border of the commune.

The city of Rochechouart is at about  west of Limoges, the largest town and capital of the department,  from Bordeaux and  from Paris.

The commune has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The commune of Rochechouart is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The climate of Rochechouart, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Rochechouart are known, in French, as Rochechouartais (women: Rochechouartaises).

With a population of 3,798, Rochechouart has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Rochechouart

Administration 
Rochechouart is a subprefecture of the Haute-Vienne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Rochechouart and the administrative centre () of the canton of Rochechouart, with 17,479  inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Porte Océane du Limousin ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Rochechouart is twinned with:
  Oettingen, Germany

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Rochechouart
 Communes of the Haute-Vienne department

References

Other websites

 City Council website 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Haute-Vienne
Giovanni Sartori (; 13 May 1924 – 4 April 2017) was an Italian political scientist specialized in the study of democracy and comparative politics. He was also a journalist who wrote for Corriere della Sera. 

Sartori died in Florence, Italy on 4 April 2017 from throat cancer, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 Sartori's biography on ItaliaLibri
 Review of Pluralism, Multiculturalism and Foreigners: an Essay on Multiethnic Society 
 Gianfranco Pasquino. (2005). "The Political Science of Giovanni Sartori ". European Political Science 4 (1), 33–41.

1924 births
2017 deaths
Italian scientists
Italian journalists
Political scientists
Writers from Florence
The Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (or Brexit Secretary) was a United Kingdom Cabinet post. The holder of this office was in charge of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union. 

The office was held by David Davis from July 2016 until July 2018. Following Davis' resignation, Dominic Raab was appointed Brexit Secretary. When Raab resigned in November 2018, Stephen Barclay was appointed as Secretary of State. 

The position was created in 2016 by the new Prime Minister Theresa May after the UK voted to leave the European Union.

The position was abolished on 31 January 2020.

References

Members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
Brexit
William John Clifton Haley (; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He was one of the first to make rock and roll music popular in the 1950s with his band Bill Haley & His Comets. He sold 25 million records worldwide with hits such as "Rock Around the Clock" (1954), "Shake, Rattle and Roll" (1954) and "See You Later, Alligator" (1956).

Personal life
Haley was born in Highland Park, Michigan. At the age of four, he had operation on his inner-ear, which cut an optic nerve, making him blind in his left eye.

He died of a heart attack caused by alcoholism on February 9, 1981 aged 55.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The following recording by Bill Haley was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982.

References

Other websites 
 Bill Haley's new Comets web site
  Melody Manor (Bill Haley's house) Google Map

 Bill Haley Jr. and the Comets site
1925 births
1981 deaths
American radio personalities
American rock singers
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
American bandleaders
American rock guitarists
Singers from Pennsylvania
Bill Haley & His Comets was an American rock and roll band. It was founded in 1952 and continued until Haley's death in 1981. The band was also known as Bill Haley and the Comets and Bill Haley's Comets (and variations thereof). From late 1954 to late 1956, the group placed nine singles in the Top 20. Their single "Rock Around the Clock" became the biggest selling rock and roll single in the history of the genre.

References

Musical groups established in the 1950s
Musical groups disestablished in 1981
American rock bands
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
The International Women's Media Foundation is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization to strengthen the participation of women working as journalists in every part of the world. They offer training, awards programs, and legal advice to women journalists. They have members in more than 100 countries.

Programs 

The IWMF was started in 1990 to increase freedom of speech by supporting women working in the media. Their objectives are to build a network of women to share ideas, to give women the skills to become leaders, to help women expand their careers, and to honor bravery and courage with the Courage in Journalism and Lifetime Achievement Awards. The foundation sponsors several events and financial aid funds, including advanced training and grants, to assist and promote women in journalism.

Research
Research 

In 2013, the International Women’s Media Foundation studied women journalists. They found that two-thirds of women journalists in the world have experienced harassment or abuse in their work. Most of them do not report these problems because they are afraid. They also publish safety and security recommendations for women journalists.
 Summary of IWMF study 
 "Violence and harassment against women in the news media: a global picture"  - text
  Recommendations for women journalists (IWMF)

Related pages
 Courage in Journalism Award

References

Other websites 
  International Women's Media Foundation official website
Journalism
Non-profit organizations of Washington, D.C.
Mabel Cáceres or Mabel Cáceres Calderón is a Peruvian journalist, and the founder and editor-in-chief of El Búho (The Owl). She received the 2016 Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women's Media Foundation. 

In 1999, Cáceres was the director of a local TV channel owned by a university, when the government of Peru’s president Fujimori suspended the channel for a year. Cáceres, along with a group of intellectuals, journalists, and friends, started El Búho as a weekly newspaper.

Life 

Mabel Cáceres studied journalism, communication, and related programs at the Catholic University of Santa María in Arequipa, Peru from 1984 to 1990. In 1997, she received a master's degree in Communication and Media Studies from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in Lima, Peru.

Career
Career 

In 1989 Cáceres went to work for Correo newspaper. In 1991 she worked with the newspaper Arequipa al Día. From 1992 to 1999 she was the general director of the Proyecto TV UNSA at the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín.  From 2006 to 2011 she was the director of the political-cultural television program "Contrastes" on Channel 53, TV MUNDO, in Arequipa.  In 2000 she became the director of El Búho in Arequipa, in partnership with the poet Alonso Ruiz Rosas and writer Ody Gonzales. Together they started El Búho as a weekly newspaper. 

Cáceres has been sued for defamation 16 times, and has won all the lawsuits. Some of the editors received sentences, but they were overturned by the Supreme Court. The Press and Society Institute (IPYS) provides for El Búho's legal defense because it considers that the complaints against the weekly are an attack on freedom of the press and democracy.
Money was always a problem.  Because the magazine is often critical of the local mining company, Cerro Verde, as well as the regional government, they do not put ads in the magazine. In 2001 El Búho stopped publication for a month because they could not pay the bills. A grant from an international agency kept them going until 2011, when they had to cut back from weekly to a magazine format.  El Búho TV was broadcast on the Viva TV channel in Arequipa, until pressures from politicians and advertisers took it off the air. Today the program continues on a YouTube channel.

Awards 
 100 Information Heroes by Reporters Sans Frontières (2016)
 Courage in Jouranlism Award (2016)

Other websites 
 Mabel Cáceres @mabel_elbuho on Twitter 
 El Búho

References  

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Peruvian journalists
Peruvian activists
Ralph Archbold (January 17, 1942 – March 25, 2017) was an American actor and impersonator. He was a Philadelphia-area speaker who was best known for his impersonation of U.S. Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. He began his Franklin impersonation career in 1973.

Archbold has appeared as Franklin for every President of the United States at the White House from Gerald Ford through Barack Obama. He was appointed by George W. Bush to a 15-member commission to oversee the celebration of Franklin's 300th birthday.

Archbold was born in Dearborn, Michigan. In 2008, he married Linda Wilde who was a known Betsy Ross impersonator in Philadelphia. Archbold died on March 25, 2017 in Philadelphia from complications of congestive heart failure, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 Archbold at the White House 300th Benjamin Franklin Birthday Celebration

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Actors from Philadelphia
Actors from Michigan
People from Dearborn, Michigan