Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
goodwill during ancient times in hindu culture. The story goes when king Bali captured the Adobe of hindu demigods and caused them a fierce battle. 'Aditi' - the mother figure of demigods in hinduism prayed to Lord Vishnu and pleased by her prayers, Lord Vishnu appeared and assured her  a boon. In a thought of revenge , she wished that may Bali loose his whole wealth and power."
Hindus believe that Lord Vishnu has many important Avatars. Parashurama, also known as Parashuram Avatar, was the sixth important avatar of Lord Vishnu.  In this avatar, Lord Vishnu was in the form of a human.  He came to Earth to stop Chakravarti Samrat Karthaveerya Arjuna for he had become evil due to his ego and non humility, and as he was very powerful and had the boon of being the embodiment of the Sudarshan Chakra, the gods weren't able to defeat him and all the kshatriyas had become evil under him. Parashurama was the son of sage Jamadagni, one of the Saptarishis (or Saptarshis) and a sage who was known for his temper. It is believed that Parashurama was Chiranjeevi, meaning he was immortal. He was a great devotee of Lord Shiva. Parshurama's mother, Renuka Devi was born of a Kshatriya but she became a Brahmin afterwards (this was before the castes or varna were decided by birth).
Parashurama was born as Ramabhadra of the Bhargava Clan (headed by Bhrigu, one of the Manvantaras of Lord Brahma). He later gained the name of Parashurama when he obtained Mahakaal's Parashu (axe weapon) and lead the Devas to victory against the Asuras in a war in which the Devas were losing.  

Parashurama was the first Brahmakshatriya (both a Brahmin sage and a Kshatriya warrior) and probably the only one. He could cleave his mind into two parts, one who would fight in battle and other would conduct a yagna in the shared mind.  

He also played a vital role in Mahabharata, teaching Bheeshma, Dronacharya and Karna the art of war and weaponry and fought against Bheeshma to fulfil Amba's request to kill Bheeshma, though he failed to do so.     

Parashuram also had a disciple, Akritavrana (literally meaning "no injuries"). He also contained an amsha (part) of Mahavishnu in the form of a Agya Chakra on his forehead between his eyebrows.
One of the interesting things about Parashurama was that, unlike the other Avatars of Lord Mahavishnu, he was not born an Avatar but instead, became an Avatar after he was born. This happened when he sparked the Amsha of Lord Mahavishnu inside him. He also had the blessings of the gods after he helped them win the Deva-Asura war, the blessings of Devi Chinnamasta, Bhadrakali, Shiva, Vishnu, Avadhuta Dattatreya and so on. 

He was a master of weapons and especially the Parashu and the bow he wields. His conch's name is Amritajit. Since he is immortal, he is believed to teach the art of weaponry and war to Kalki, the last Avatar of Lord Mahavishnu in this cycle who will end this cycle, ushering in a new era.   

Hinduism
Hindu mythology
Hindus believe that Balram was the older brother of Krishna.  Some Hindus believe that he is an avatar of Vishnu’s shesh naag.  In this avatar, Shesh naag was in the form of a human.

Hindu mythology
Ba Đình Square (Vietnamese: Quảng Trường Ba Đình) is a place in the Vietnamese capital, Hà Nội. It is where Vietnamese President Hồ Chí Minh declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of Việt Nam from French imperialist rule on 2 September 1945, the same day that World War II ended.  This is now where his mausoleum is.

Hanoi
National squares
Town squares in Asia
The Hồ Chí Minh Mausoleum (Vietnamese: Lăng Hồ Chí Minh) is a large memorial to Vietnamese independence leader Hồ Chí Minh. It is located in Ba Ðình Square in Hà Nội.  This is where his body is kept for people to pay their respects.  President Hồ Chí Minh did not want a mausoleum at all.  In his will, he said he wanted to be cremated and to have his ashes buried in the hills of the north, center, and south of Việt Nam.  He said that he liked cremation because it was healthier than burial or a mausoleum and saved farmland.  His successors did not let him have this wish. The government kept that part of his will secret.  The government also pretended he died a day after he really did, because he really died on Independence Day and they did not tell anyone.
Many aspects of "Uncle Ho's" last will and testament were altered or, as stated above, ignored. In his last days he was surrounded by those who formed what is now Vietnam's political system, while those loyal to him and his wishes were systematically kept or chased away. Others were put on a bus and executed.

Buildings and structures in Vietnam
Burial monuments and structures
Hanoi
Buildings and structures completed in the 20th century
Meng Tian (; ? - 210 BC ) was a Chinese general of the Qin Dynasty under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. His grandfather, Meng Ao, and his father, Meng Wu, were generals as well. After the unification of China, Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered Meng Tian leading 300,000 armies to attack the Xiongnu and build the Great Wall of China. Meng Tian was forced by the eunuch, Zhao Gao, to kill himself by drinking poisonous wine after the death of Emperor Qin Shi Haung.

210 BC deaths
Chinese generals
A kippah (Hebrew) or yarmulke (Yiddish) is a small cloth cap worn by Jews. 
Traditionally it was worn only by men, but in modern times the push for equality between the sexes in the practice of Judaism has led some women to wear yarmulkes. Some Jews only wear yarmulkes while praying; others wear yarmulkes the entire day, making sure not to walk more than four cubits without head covering (especially outside).
The basis for wearing a head covering is a story in the Talmud (tractate Shabbat).

 

Often, the color and fabric of the yarmulke can be a sign of adherence to a specific religious movement. The Israeli National Religious community is often referred to by the name kipot srugot כיפות סרוגות, literally "woven yarmulkes". Similarly, some Haredi sects are referred to by the name kipot shkhorot כיפות שחורות, literally "black yarmulkes".
Etymology 
The etymology of yarmulke is unclear. Linguists (e.g. Max Vasmer) maintain that the Yiddish word is derived (via Russian or Polish) from the Turkic , meaning 'raincoat'.

Traditionally, yarmulke is considered to have originated from the Aramaic phrase "" (in awe of the Lord), in keeping with the principle that the yarmulke is supposed to reflect someone's fear of heaven. Or perhaps, "yira malkah" (fear of the King).

Judaism
Religious clothing
Headgear
Judeo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic language dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Arabic-speaking countries.  Just as with the rest of the Arab world, Arabic-speaking Jews had different dialects for the different regions where they lived.  Most Judæo-Arabic dialects were written in modified forms of the Hebrew alphabet, often including consonant dots from the Arabic alphabet to accommodate phonemes that did not exist in the Hebrew alphabet.

In retaliation for 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Jews in Arab countries became subject to increasingly insufferable discrimination and violence, causing virtually all of them to flee en masse to Israel.  Their dialects of Arabic did not thrive in Israel, and most became extinct, replaced by the Modern Hebrew language.

In the Middle Ages, Jews in the Islamic diaspora spoke a dialect of Arabic, which they wrote in a mildly adapted Hebrew script  (rather than using Arabic script).
This phenomenon is called Judaeo-Arabic and may be compared to both Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish) and Yiddish (Judaeo-German).

Some of the most important books of medieval Jewish though were originally written in Judaeo-Arabic, as well as certain halakhic works and biblical commentary.  Only later were they translated into medieval scientific Hebrew so that they could be read by the Ashkenazic Jews of Europe.  These include:

 Saadia Gaon's Emunot ve-Deot, his Tafsir (biblical commentary and translation), and his siddur (the explanatory parts, not the prayers themselves)
 Solomon ibn Gabirol's Tikkun Middot ha-Nefesh
 Bahya ibn Pakuda's Hovot ha-Levavot
 Judah Halevi's Kuzari
 Maimonides' Commentary on the Mishnah, Sefer ha-Mitzvot, Guide to the Perplexed, and many of his letters and shorter essays.

References 

Judaism
Middle East
Semitic languages
The Clangers is a British children's television series. The first episode was broadcast on the BBC on 16 November 1969. The series is about a family of aliens who live under the surface of the Moon in caves.  They looked like small, pink, knitted mice.  Other characters include the Froglets and The Soup Dragon, a dragon that gives out soup. The family uses a US flag as a table cloth.

Other websites 
The Clangers at bbc.co.uk
A copy of the moon landing hoax parody 
Link to Clive Banks interview with Oliver Postgate about Election Special
British Film Institute Screen Online
 Knit your own Clanger
A short clip from Vote for Froglet at bbc.co.uk

1969 television series debuts
1974 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1960s British television series
1970s British television series
British children's television series
British science fiction television series
1974 television series endings
1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
English-language television programs
1 E9 m² is a term used to group together areas of similar size. It is used for places that are between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km² in area. The term is based from the scientific notation for 1 x 109m².

 1,000 km² is equal to:
 100,000 hectares
 approx. 386 square miles 
 approx. 247,105 acres.
 a circle of radius of approx. 18 km.
 a square of side of approx. 32 km.

Notable areas of this size by continent

Africa
 1,651 km² — Zanzibar, Tanzanian islands in the Indian Ocean
 1,860 km² — Mauritius, Indian Ocean
 2,170 km² — Comoros, Indian Ocean
 2,499 km² — Cape Town, South Africa
 3,000 km² — Lake Tana, Ethiopia
 4,033 km² — Cape Verde, Atlantic Ocean
 5,250 km² — Lake Nasser, on the border of Egypt and Sudan
 7,234 km² — Canary Islands, Spain
 8,502 km² — Lake Volta, Ghana
 9,965 km² — Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Asia
 1,004 km² — Samut Prakan Province, Thailand
 1,057 km² — Ulsan, metropolitan city in South Korea
 1,074 km² — Changhua County, Taiwan
 1,092 km² — Hong Kong
 1,121 km² — Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido Prefecture 
 1,221 km² — Taoyuan County, Taiwan
 1,291 km² — Yunlin County, Taiwan
 1,398 km² — Pulwama District in Jammu and Kashmir, within the Republic of India
 1,414 km² — Alappuzha District in Kerala, India
 1,428 km² — Hsinchu County, Taiwan
 1,511 km² — Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
 1,526 km² — Pathum Thani Province, Thailand
 1,569 km² — Bangkok Province, Thailand
 1,668 km² — Rohtak District in Haryana, India
 1,700 km² — Lake Toba in Indonesia
 1,820 km² — Miaoli County, Taiwan
 1,846 km² — Jeju, South Korea
 1,862 km² — Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
 1,893 km² — Osaka Prefecture, Japan
 1,902 km² — Chiayi County, Taiwan
 1,918 km² — Begusarai, district in Bihar, India
 1,940 km² — Pattani Province, Thailand
 1,990 km² — Irrigated land in Israel
 2,016 km² — Tainan County, Taiwan
2,051 km² — Taichung County, Taiwan
 2,053 km² — Taipei County, Taiwan
 2,122 km² — Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand
 2,144 km² — Yilan County, Taiwan
 2,150 km² — Impact of Tunguska event
 2,168 km² — Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand
 2,187 km² — Tokyo, Japan
 2,271 km² — Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
 2,415 km² — Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
 2,439 km² — Saga Prefecture, Japan
 2,470 km² — Chai Nat Province, Thailand
 2,479 km² — Satun Province, Thailand
 2,557 km² — Ayutthaya Province, Thailand
 2,775 km² — Pingtung County, Taiwan
 2,793 km² — Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
 2,819 km² — Trat Province, Thailand
 3,161 km² — Amnat Charoen Province, Thailand
 3,298 km² — Ranong Province, Thailand
 3,425 km² — Phattalung Province, Thailand
 3,507 km² — Tottori Prefecture, Japan
 3,515 km² — Taitung County, Taiwan
 3,552 km² — Rayong Province, Thailand
 3,577 km² — Saraburi Province, Thailand
 3,691 km² — Nara Prefecture, Japan
 3,702 km² — Goa, India
 3,767 km² — Saitama Prefecture, Japan
3,859 km² — Nongbua Lamphu Province, Thailand
 3,980 km² — Anantnag District in Indian Occupied Kashmir, within the Republic of India
 4,017 km² — Shiga Prefecture, Japan
 4,093 km² — Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
 4,106 km² — Nantou County, Taiwan
 4,145 km² — Tokushima Prefecture, Japan
 4,162 km² — Yasothon Province, Thailand
 4,170 km² — Phang Nga Province, Thailand
 4,185 km² — Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
 4,189 km² — Fukui Prefecture, Japan
 4,247 km² — Toyama Prefecture, Japan
 4,340 km² — Mukdahan Province, Thailand
 4,363 km² — Chon Buri Province, Thailand
 4,373 km² — Vehari, district in Pakistan
 4,465 km² — Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
 4,475 km² — Narathiwat Province, Thailand
 4,506 km² — Lamphun Province, Thailand
 4,521 km² — Yala Province, Thailand
 4,531 km² — Phichit Province, Thailand
 4,613 km² — Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
 4,629 km² — Hualien County, Taiwan
 4,709 km² — Krabi Province, Thailand
 4,726 km² — Wakayama Prefecture, Japan
 4,762 km² — Prachin Buri Province, Thailand
4,918 km² — Trang Province, Thailand
 4,971 km² — Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
 5,154 km² — Aichi Prefecture, Japan
 5,156 km² — Chiba Prefecture, Japan
 5,197 km² — Ratchaburi Province, Thailand
 5,292 km² — Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand
 5,351 km² — Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
 5,358 km² — Suphanburi Province, Thailand
 5,512 km² — Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand
 5,600 km² — West Bank
 5,676 km² — Ehime Prefecture, Japan
 5,700 km² — Bali, Indonesia
 5,761 km² — Mie Prefecture, Japan
 5,770 km² — Brunei, country on the island of Borneo
 5,804 km² — Ōita Prefecture, Japan
 6,009 km² — Chumphon Province, Thailand
 6,096 km² — Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
 6,111 km² — Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
 6,200 km² — Lop Buri Province, Thailand
 6,225 km² — Phetchaburi Province, Thailand
 6,335 km² — Phayao Province, Thailand
 6,338 km² — Chanthaburi Province, Thailand
 6,340 km² — Shanghai Municipality, China
 6,363 km² — Gunma Prefecture, Japan
 6,368 km² — Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand
6,408 km² — Tochigi Prefecture, Japan
 6,539 km² — Phrae Province, Thailand
 6,596 km² — Sukhothai Province, Thailand
 6,621 km² — Kalat, district in Pakistan
 6,685 km² — Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
 6,707 km² — Shimane Prefecture, Japan
 6,730 km² — Uthai Thani Province, Thailand
 6,862 km² — Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
 6,908 km² — Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan
 6,947 km² — Kalasin Province, Thailand
 7,009 km² — Okayama Prefecture, Japan
 7,105 km² — Kochi Prefecture, Japan
 7,195 km² — Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand
 7,214 km² — Leyte, Philippines
 7,329 km² — Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
 7,332 km² — Nong Khai Province, Thailand
 7,394 km² — Songkhla Province, Thailand
 7,436 km² — North Chungcheong, South Korea
 7,839 km² — Uttaradit Province, Thailand
 8,043 km² — North Jeolla, South Korea
 8,061 km² — Dhule in Maharashtra, India
 8,124 km² — Surin Province, Thailand
 8,299 km² — Roi Et Province, Thailand
 8,352 km² — South Chungcheong, South Korea
 8,392 km² — Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
8,477 km² — Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
 8,578 km² — Sangli in Maharashtra, India
 8,607 km² — Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand
 8,840 km² — Si Sa Ket Province, Thailand
 9,132 km² — Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
 9,323 km² — Yamagata Prefecture, Japan
 9,505 km² — Buru, Indonesia
 9,598 km² — Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand
 9,606 km² — Aomori Prefecture, Japan
 9,606 km² — Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand
 9,735 km² — Mindoro, Philippines
 9,942 km² — Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand
Europe
 1,004 km² — Valkeala, Finland
 1,015 km² — Ylikiiminki, Finland
 1,025 km² — Schwarzwald-Baar District, Germany
 1,030 km² — Saarijärvi, Finland
 1,032 km² — Saaremaa, Estonia
 1,081 km² — Moscow, Russia
 1,086 km² — Haapavesi, Finland
 1,089 km² — Eno, Finland
 1,130 km² — Conwy, Wales
 1,130 km² — Omagh, Northern Ireland
 1,139 km² — Paltamo, Finland
 1,142 km² — Kitee, Finland
 1,161 km² — Liperi, Finland
 1,179 km² — Kuopio, Finland
 1,186 km² — Jämsä, Finland
 1,188 km² — Ruokolahti, Finland
 1,210 km² — Mäntyharju, Finland
 1,222 km² — South Ayrshire, Scotland
 1,235 km² — Rautavaara, Finland
 1,238 km² — Puumala, Finland
 1,243 km² — Lolland, Denmark
 1,246 km² — Val-d'Oise, France
 1,248 km² — Pihtipudas, Finland
 1,262 km² — Berkshire, England
 1,262 km² — East Ayrshire, Scotland
 1,276 km² — Greater Manchester, England
 1,310 km² — Sofia, Bulgaria
 1,315 km² — Kauhajoki, Finland
 1,319 km² — Heinävesi, Finland
 1,325 km² — Fife, Scotland
 1,327 km² — Kangasniemi, Finland
1,346 km² — Juva, Finland
 1,406 km² — Pielavesi, Finland
 1,423 km² — Kiuruvesi, Finland
 1,431 km² — Keuruu, Finland
 1,460 km² — Pyhäjärvi, Finland
 1,466 km² — Shetland Islands, Scotland
 1,484 km² — Simo, Finland
 1,493 km² — Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland
 1,519 km² — Leppävirta, Finland
 1,521 km² — Hyrynsalmi, Finland
 1,552 km² — South Yorkshire, England
 1,577 km² — Sonkajärvi, Finland
 1,579 km² — Greater London, England
 1,589 km² — Viitasaari, Finland
 1,590 km² — Pembrokeshire, Wales
 1,595 km² — Tervola, Finland
 1,643 km² — Hertfordshire, England
 1,660 km² — Fuerteventura, Spain
 1,663 km² — Surrey, England
 1,700 km² — Isle of Skye, Scotland
 1,729 km² — Canton of Zürich, Switzerland
 1,736 km² — Utajärvi, Finland
 1,745 km² — Worcestershire, England
 1,766 km² — Vaala, Finland
 1,772 km² — South Lanarkshire, Scotland
 1,795 km² — Ceredigion, Wales
 1,820 km² — Muonio, Finland
 1,846 km² — Juuka, Finland
 1,855 km² — Nurmes, Finland
 1,866 km² — Pello, Finland
1,876 km² — Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
 1,880 km² — Pelkosenniemi, Finland
 1,912 km² — Vättern, 2nd largest lake in Sweden
 1,975 km² — Warwickshire, England
 1,980 km² — Guipúzcoa, smallest province in Spain
 1,991 km² — West Sussex, England
 2,026 km² — Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland
 2,029 km² — West Yorkshire, England
 2,034 km² — Tenerife, Spain
 2,142 km² — Snowdonia National Park, Wales
 2,180 km² — Herefordshire, England
 2,182 km² — Angus, Scotland
 2,187 km² — Stirling, Scotland
 2,238 km² — Moray, Scotland
 2,284 km² — Yvelines, France
 2,364 km² — Northamptonshire, England
 2,395 km² — Carmarthenshire, Wales
 2,479 km² — East Riding of Yorkshire, England
 2,512 km² — Réunion, France
 2,547 km² — Derbyshire, England
 2,548 km² — Gwynedd, Wales
 2,586 km² — Luxembourg
 2,600 km² — Puolanka, Finland
 2,601 km² — Vorarlberg, Austria
 2,605 km² — Oxfordshire, England
 2,618 km² — Kolari, Finland
 2,658 km² — Taivalkoski, Finland
 2,670 km² — Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland
2,757 km² — Drenthe, Netherlands
 2,844 km² — County Antrim, Northern Ireland
 2,860 km² — Antwerp, Belgium
 2,950 km² — Sotkamo, Finland
 3,046 km² — Cambridgeshire, England
 3,212 km² — Vaud, Switzerland
 3,249 km² — Rhône, France
 3,263 km² — Aosta Valley, Italy
 3,487 km² — Shropshire, England
 3,500 km² — Lake Peipsi, eastern Europe
 3,525 km² — Haut-Rhin, France
 3,526 km² — Giurgiu County, Romania
 3,541 km² — Posio, Finland
 3,563 km² — Cornwall, England
 3,694 km² — Ranua, Finland
 3,710 km² — Covasna County, Romania
 3,801 km² — Suffolk, England
 3,864 km² — Sălaj County, Romania
 3,930 km² — Kemijärvi, Finland
 3,965 km² — Burgenland, Austria
 4,054 km² — Dâmboviţa County, Romania
 4,068 km² — Lieksa, Finland
 4,299 km² — Alpes-Maritimes, France
 4,388 km² — Haute-Savoie, France
 4,418 km² — Satu Mare County, Romania
 4,453 km² — Ialomiţa County, Romania
 4,466 km² — Galaţi County, Romania
 4,716 km² — Prahova County, Romania
 4,732 km² — Scottish Borders, Scotland
4,766 km² — Brăila County, Romania
 4,781 km² — Loire, France
 4,857 km² — Vrancea County, Romania
 4,917 km² — Akershus, Norway
 4,933 km² — Mehedinţi County, Romania
 4,986 km² — Botoşani County, Romania
 4,992 km² — Balearic Islands, Spain
 5,999 km² — Jura, France
 6,013 km² — Northumberland, England
 7,045 km² — La Rioja, Spain
 5,088 km² — Călăraşi County, Romania
 5,196 km² — Powys, Wales
 5,224 km² — Valais, Switzerland
 5,234 km² — Doubs, France
 5,286 km² — Perth and Kinross, Scotland
 5,300 km² — Perthshire, Scotland
 5,318 km² — Vaslui County, Romania
 5,321 km² — Cantabria, Spain
 5,355 km² — Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Romania
 5,360 km² — Haute-Saône, France
 5,361 km² — Lot-et-Garonne, France
 5,363 km² — Braşov County, Romania
 5,371 km² — Utsjoki, Finland
 5,412 km² — Algarve, Portugal
 5,432 km² — Sibiu County, Romania
 5,458 km² — Kuhmo, Finland
 5,476 km² — Iaşi County, Romania
 5,498 km² — Olt County, Romania
 5,548 km² — Calvados, France
 5,565 km² — Creuse, France
5,602 km² — Gorj County, Romania
 5,655 km² — Vänern, Sweden's largest lake
 5,743 km² — Nord, France
 5,762 km² — Ain, France
 5,765 km² — Vâlcea County, Romania
 5,790 km² — Teleorman County, Romania
 5,805 km² — Kuusamo, Finland
 5,857 km² — Suomussalmi, Finland
 5,860 km² — Oise, France
 5,866 km² — Pudasjärvi, Finland
 5,878 km² — Salla, Finland
 5,880 km² — Eure-et-Loir, France
 5,896 km² — Neamţ County, Romania
 5,915 km² — Seine-et-Marne, France
 5,959 km² — Canton of Bern, Switzerland
 6,028 km² — Savoie, France
 6,040 km² — Eure, France
 6,101 km² — Herault, France
 6,103 km² — Buzău County, Romania
 6,103 km² — Orne, France
 6,211 km² — Meuse, France
 6,242 km² — Alba County, Romania
 6,304 km² — Maramureş County, Romania
 6,313 km² — Aberdeenshire, Scotland
 6,343 km² — Loir-et-Cher, France
 6,426 km² — Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
 6,471 km² — Savukoski, Finland
 6,530 km² — Drome, France
 6,621 km² — Bacău County, Romania
 6,639 km² — Harghita County, Romania
6,671 km² — Pas-de-Calais, France
 6,674 km² — Cluj County, Romania
 6,714 km² — Mureş County, Romania
 6,720 km² — Vendee, France
 6,733 km² — Finistère, France
 6,768 km² — Cumbria, England
 6,775 km² — Loiret, France
 6,775 km² — Ille-et-Vilaine, France
 6,791 km² — Indre, France
 6,817 km² — Nièvre, France
 6,864 km² — Argeş County, Romania
 6,864 km² — Charente-Maritime, France
 6,909 km² — Argyll and Bute, Scotland
 7,031 km² — Sjaelland, Denmark
 7,063 km² — Hunedoara County, Romania
 7,071 km² — Constanţa County, Romania
 7,105 km² — Grisons, Switzerland
 7,154 km² — Salzburg, Austria
 7,234 km² — Basque Country, Spain
 7,235 km² — Cher, France
 7,308 km² — Malaga, Spain
 7,369 km² — Aisne, France
 7,414 km² — Dolj County, Romania
 7,427 km² — Yonne, France
 7,431 km² — Isère, France
 7,442 km² — Cádiz, Spain
 7,544 km² — Bihor County, Romania
 7,754 km² — Arad County, Romania
 8,028 km² — Community of Madrid, Spain
 8,280 km² — Alsace, France
 8,412 km² — Kittilä, Finland
8,499 km² — Tulcea County, Romania
 8,514 km² — Caras-Severin County, Romania
 8,553 km² — Suceava County, Romania
 8,592 km² — North East England
 8,681 km² — Corsica, France
 8,697 km² — Timiş County, Romania
 8,763 km² — Côte-d'Or, France
 8,769 km² — Almería, Spain
 9,060 km² — Dordogne, France
 9,251 km² — Cyprus (Island)
 9,536 km² — Carinthia, Austria
North America
 1,032 km² — Louisville, Kentucky, United States
 1,100 km² — Lake Champlain, on the border of Canada and the United States
 1,100 km² — Martinique
 1,111.3 km² — Suffolk, Virginia, United States
 1,214 km² — New York, New York, United States
 1,290 km² — Los Angeles, California, United States
 1,446 km² — Island of Kaua'i, Hawaii, United States
 1,479 km² — Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico
 1,550 km² — Lake Superior Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada
 1,558 km² — Houston, Texas, United States
 1,609 km² — Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
 1,705 km² — Guadeloupe
 1,883 km² — Maui, Hawaii
 2,265 km² — Jacksonville, Florida, United States
 2,590 km² — Fort Irwin & the National Training Center (NTC), United States (military training area)
 2,690 km² — Canadian Forces Base Suffield, Canada (military training area - see also: British Army Training Unit Suffield) 
 2,766 km² — Manitoulin Island, largest island in the Great Lakes
 2,779 km² — Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
3,566 km² — Long Island, New York, United States
 3,900 km² — South Nation River, Ontario, Canada
 4,005 km² — Rhode Island, the smallest state of the United States
 4,101 km² — Glacier National Park, Montana, United States
 4,612 km² — Spokane County, Washington, United States
 4,850 km² — Great Peshtigo Fire, smallest estimate
 5,128 km² — Trinidad and Tobago
 5,471 km² — Aguascalientes, Mexico
 5,660 km² — Prince Edward Island
 6,361 km² — Graham Island, Canada
 6,452 km² — Delaware, United States
 6,641 km² — Banff National Park, Canada
 6,675 km² — Prince of Wales - Outer Ketchikan Census Area, Alaska, United States
 6,995 km² — Cornwallis Island, Canada
 7,725 km² — Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada
 7,941 km² — Anticosti, Quebec, Canada
 8,900 km² — Yellowstone National Park 
 9,104 km² — Puerto Rico
 9,293 km² — Kodiak Island, United States
 9,418 km² — Edmonton Capital Region, Canada
South America
 1,523 km² — São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
 3,903 km² — South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
 6,605 km² — Falkland Islands
 8,300 km² — Lake Titicaca, largest lake in South America
 8,394 km² — Chiloé Island, Chile

Oceania
 1,687 km² — Sydney, Australia (urban area as of 2001)
 2,358 km² — Australian Capital Territory
 2,860 km² — Samoa
 3,314 km² — Dunedin City, New Zealand
 4,167 km² — French Polynesia
 4,545 km² — Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area, Australia (Australian Defence Force training area: 2,700 land/ 1,800 sea)
 5,386 km² — Perth, Western Australia
 8,661 km² — New Ireland, Papua New Guinea
 8,700 km² — Bradshaw Field Training Area, NT Australia (ADF training area - formerly Bradshaw Station)
Other areas
 3,355 km² — Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
 3,755 km² — Lake Van, largest lake in Turkey
 5,500 km² — Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan
 6,500 km² — Siple Island, Antarctica
 6,617 km² — Grande Terre de Kerguelen
 7,215 km² — Kerguelen Islands
 7,500 km² — Roosevelt Island, part of Antarctica
 7,850 km² — Vrangelya, Russia
 8,261 km² — Crete, Greece
 8,500 km² — Carney Island, Antarctica
 8,624 km² — Lake Nicaragua
 8,900 km² — Kingdom of Judah 
 9,006 km² — Komsomolets, Russia
 
 9,521 km² — Prince Charles Island
 9,894 km² — Lake Onega, Russia

Related pages

 Areas less than 1000 km²
 Areas more than 10,000 km²

Orders of magnitude

en:Orders of magnitude (area)
1 E8 m² is used for places that are between 100 km² and 1000 km² in area. The term is based from the scientific notation for 1 x 108m².

 100 km² is equal to:
 1 E+8 m²
 a square with sides 10 km long
 10,000 hectares
 approx. 38.6 square miles 
 approx 24,711 acres
Notable areas of this size
 102 km² -- Athens, Alabama, USA
 104 km² -- Hsinchu City, Taiwan
 105 km² -- Paris, France (not counting its metropolitan area)
 115 km² -- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (city proper)
 116 km² -- Jersey, Channel Islands, UK
 121 km² -- Saint Helena Island
 124 km² -- Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, United States
 127 km² -- Penghu County, Taiwan
 133 km² -- Keelung City, Taiwan
 143 km² -- Island of Okushiri, Hokkaido, Japan
 150 km² -- London Borough of Bromley, largest London Borough
 153 km² -- Kinmen County, China (Taiwan)
 154 km² -- Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
 160 km² -- Liechtenstein (country ranked 188th by area)
 163 km² -- Taichung City, Taiwan
 176 km² -- Tainan City, Taiwan
 177 km² -- Washington, D.C., United States
 182 km² -- Rishiri Island, Hokkaido, Japan
 185.5 km² -- Plano, Texas, United States
 188 km² -- Beaver Island, largest island in Lake Michigan
 193 km² -- Aruba
 199 km² -- Municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico
203.1 km² -- Poquoson, Virginia, United States
 213.5 km² -- Cleveland, Ohio, United States
 238.4 km² -- Baltimore, Maryland, United States
 246 km² -- Malta Island (main island of Malta)
 255 km² -- Island of Shikotan, Hokkaido, Japan
 259 km² -- Island of Martha's Vineyard, United States
 260 km² -- Niue
 272 km² -- Taipei City, Taiwan
 282 km² -- Bagnes, Valais (largest municipality of Switzerland)
 316 km² -- Malta  (country ranked 185th by area)
 360 km² -- Gaza Strip
 370 km² -- Detroit, Michigan, United States
 380 km² -- ATE Salisbury Plain, England (the UK's largest military training area)
 381 km² -- Isle of Wight
 425 km² -- Gatun Lake
 444 km² -- Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States
 450 to 500 km² -- Approximate annual pizza consumption in the United States
 451 km² -- Seychelles
 465 km² -- Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
 468 km² -- Andorra
 496 km² -- Prague, Czech Republic
 500 km² -- Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 501 km² -- Gwangju Metropolitan City, South Korea
 517 km² -- Warsaw, Poland
525 km² -- Budapest, Hungary
 530 km² -- Isle Royale, largest island in Lake Superior
 540 km² -- Daejeon Metropolitan City, South Korea
 570 km² -- Isle of Man
 571 km² -- Ibiza Island, Spain
 575 km² -- Kiritimati, Kiribati
 582 km² -- Lake Geneva
 597 km² -- Nis, Serbia
 614 km² -- Seoul Special City, South Korea
 616 km² -- Lake Taupo, the largest lake in New Zealand
 641 km² -- Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 647 km² -- Singapore (excluding offshore islands)
 684 km² -- Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
 700 km² -- Pune, India
 704 km² -- Singapore (all land area)
 754 km² -- Dominica (country ranked 172nd by area)
 763 km² -- Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea
 790 km² -- Calgary, Alberta, Canada
 798 km² -- Perm, Perm Krai, Russia
 823 km² -- Kansas City, Missouri, United States
 835 km² -- New York, New York, United States
 886 km² -- Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea
 892 km² -- Berlin, Germany
 950 km² -- Dartmoor
 965 km² -- Incheon Metropolitan City, South Korea
Related pages
 Areas less than 100 km²
 Areas more than 1000 km²

Orders of magnitude
1 E7 m² is a term used to group together areas of similar size. It is used for places that are between 10 km² (1,000 hectares) and 100 km² (10,000 hectares) in area. The term is based from the scientific notation for 1 x 107m².
 10 km² is equal to:
 1 E+7 m² or 107 m²
 3.86 square miles
 1,000 hectares
 2,471 acres
Examples of locations
 10.1 km² — Long Beach, New York
 10.2 km² – Radford, Virginia
 12 km² – Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
 12.48 km² – Chek Lap Kok, the site of Hong Kong International Airport
 15 km² – Beverly Hills, California
 21 km² – Nauru
 21.6 km² – Abingdon, Virginia, United States
 26 km2 – Tuvalu
 28.6 km² – Macau
 30 km² – Hayling Island
 38.55 km² – City of Manila, Philippines
 47 km² – Pelee Island, largest island in Lake Erie
 48.7 km² – Lake Lugano, Switzerland/Italy
 51.8 km² – Manhattan
 53.3 km² – Bermuda
 61 km² – Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
 61 km² – San Marino
 70 km² – Amherst Island, largest island in Lake Ontario
 75 km² – Arapawa Island, Marlborough, New Zealand
 81.7 km² – Huntington Beach, California
 83.2 km² – Formentera Island, Spain
 88 km² – Saint Martin island
 92 km² – Waiheke Island, Auckland, New Zealand
 95 km² – Skopelos Island, Greece

Related pages
 Areas smaller than 10 km²
 Areas larger than 100 km²

Orders of magnitude
Athletics, known as Track and Field in the United States, has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics.

Men's events 
No new events have been added to the men's athletics programme since 1952 when the short racewalk was added. The roster of events has not changed since then, with the exception of the omission of the long racewalk in 1976. The long racewalk is the only event held for men but not included on the women's programme.

A total of 52 different events have been held in the men's competition. The current list has 24 events. 

Many of the discontinued events were similar to modern ones but at different lengths, especially in the steeplechasing, hurdling, and racewalking disciplines. 

Team racing events were only run in the six early editions of the Games.
The athletic multi-discipline triathlon (3 events) and pentathlon (5 events) have been replaced by the 10 event decathlon, and the medley relay replaced by relay races where each section is the same length as the others. 

Standing jump competitions are no longer held, nor are the various modified throwing events which were experimented with in 1908 and 1912.

Related pages 
 Summer Olympic Games

Summer Olympic Games
The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were held in Mexico City in 1968. Mexico City beat out bids from Detroit, Buenos Aires and Lyon to host the Games in 1963. The Games were preceded by the Tlatelolco massacre, in which hundreds of students were killed by security forces ten days before the opening day. It is the only Games ever held in Latin America, and it was the second ever outside of Western Europe, Australia, or the USA.

Other websites 
 IOC page for the 1968 Summer Olympics

References 

1968 Summer Olympics
Sima Qian () was the historian of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu. He was born at Xia Yang (present-day Shan Xi Province, Han City) in either 145 or 135 BC. His father, Sima Tan, was also a historian.

Life 
When Sima Qian was 10, he could read the articles which were written in Classical Chinese.

He travelled around China and visited a plenty of scenic attractions and heritages when he was 20.

In 108 BC, with the death of Sima Qian's father, he carried on the job of being a historian.

In 104 BC, Sima Qian finished editing Taichu Calendar with the imperial officials, Tang Du and Luo Xiahong.
In 99 BC, Sima Qian got involved in the Li Ling Affair. He was punished and sent to prison. Sima Qian would be sentenced to death if he could not pay a fine or accept the terrible punishment - castration. With the fact that Sima Qian did not have enough money to pay the fine and he hoped to finish writing the Records of the Grand Historian, he accepted the castration. Sima Qian finally spent 19 years to write that book.

Sima Qian died in 86 BC.

2nd-century BC births
1st-century BC deaths
Chinese historians
Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics was represented by 14 events: 6 for women and 8 for men. The competition was held from August 27 to September 1 at the Sports Hall in Munich.

Format of competition
The scoring in the team competition event and in event finals was the same, as for gymnastics events at the previous Olympics. But in the all-around the scoring system became similar to that of event finals: for the all-around a gymnast showed one's skills once more on each of the apparatuses; to get the "Total" value for the all-around performance, marks in the team competition were added together, the result was divided by two ("Prelim" value) and added to the sum of marks for all-around routines ("Final" value). Judging system was basically the same, as at the previous Olympics.

Medals

Men's events
"C" stands for "Compulsory exercises" and "O" stands for "Optional exercises".

Individual all-around
"Prelim" mark is the value from the "Score" column of the team competition table, divided by two.
Team competition

Floor exercise
"Prelim" value is the sum of two marks for compulsory and optional routine in the team competition on the respective apparatus, divided by two.

Pommel horse

Rings

Vault

Parallel bars

Horizontal bar

Women's events
"C" stands for "Compulsory exercises" and "O" stands for "Optional exercises".

Individual all-around
"Prelim" mark is the value from the "Score" column of the team competition table, divided by two.

Team competition

Vault
"Prelim" value is the sum of two marks for compulsory and optional routine on the respective apparatus in the team competition, divided by two.

Uneven bars

Balance beam

Floor exercise

Note:country names are given in the form they were used in the official documents of the IOC in 1972.

References

Gymnastics
1972 Summer Olympics
Rowing at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by 14 events. It took place in the Man-made Basin, located at the Trade Unions Olympic Sports Centre (Krylatskoye district, Moscow). The rowing schedule began on 20 July and ended on 27 July.

Due to the American-led boycott some strong rowing nations were not present. In that situation East Germany dominated the competition: they won 14 medals, including 11 golds, from 14 events.

Medals

Men's events

Four-oars with coxswain

Double sculls

Coxswainless pair-oars

Single sculls

Pair-oars with coxswain

Coxswainless four-oars

Coxswainless quadruple sculls

Eight-oars with coxswain

Women's events

Four-oars with coxswain

Double sculls

Coxswainless pair-oars

Single sculls

Quadruple sculls with coxswain

Eight-oars with coxswain

Note:country names are given in the form they were used in the official documents of the IOC in 1980.

1980 Summer Olympics
Rowing
In rowing, a coxless pair consists of a pair of rowers, each having one oar, one on the stroke side (rower's right hand side) and one on the bow side (rower's lefthand side). As the name suggests, there is no cox on such a boat, and the two rowers must co-ordinate steering and the proper timing of oar strokes between themselves.

Rowing
79 is a year in the 1st century.

Events 
Foundation of Deva Victrix, see Chester city walls
The volcano Mount Vesuvius erupted, destroying Pompeii and Herculaneam.

79
Non-participating National Olympic Committees
Republic of China boycott
An unrelated boycott of the Montreal Games was the main issue between the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). The ROC team withdrew from the games when Canada's Liberal government under Pierre Trudeau told it that the name "Republic of China" was not permissible at the Games because Canada had officially recognized the PRC in 1970. Canada attempted a compromise by allowing the ROC the continued use of its national flag and anthem in the Montreal Olympic activities; the ROC refused. In 1979 the IOC established in the Nagoya Resolution that the PRC agreed to participate in IOC activities if the Republic of China was referred to as "Chinese Taipei". Another boycott would occur before the ROC would accept the provisions of the 1979 Resolution although the reason that so many other countries boycotted were not all the same as the ROC.

Other websites 
 IOC page for the 1976 Summer Olympics

References
The 1960 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VIII Olympic Winter Games, were held in 1960 in Squaw Valley, California, United States (in the Lake Tahoe basin). Squaw Valley won the bid in 1955.

Alexander Cushing, the creator of the resort, campaigned vigorously to win the Games. After being awarded the Games, there was a rush to construct roads, hotels, restaurants, and bridges, as well as the ice arena, the speed skating track, ski lifts, and the ski jumping hill.

 
1960 in sports
1960 in California
The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were held in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. (Sarajevo is now in Bosnia and Herzegovina.) Other candidate cities were Sapporo, Japan and Falun, Sweden. It was the first Winter Games and the second Olympics held in Eastern Europe (the first was the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow).

Other websites 
 IOC page for the 1984 Winter Olympics

 
1984 in sports
1984 in Europe
20th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games, were held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and opened by Governor General Jeanne Sauvé. The Olympics were highly successful financially as they brought in million-dollar profits. The games left a lasting impression on the host city and gave it a new identity from a cowtown to a large commercial sector of the country.

1988 was also the last year that the Paralympic Games and the Winter Olympics were held in separate cities. All Games after the 1988 Winter Olympics have been hosted by the same city or a city nearby.

The Canadian team did not win a gold medal during the 1988 Winter Olympics, similar to how the Canadian team did not win one during the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. At the time, Canada and Yugoslavia were the only countries that had not won a gold medal when their country hosted the Olympics. (However, Canada would later win a gold medal when the 2010 Winter Olympics were hosted in Vancouver.)

History
History

Background 
Calgary first tried for the Olympics in 1964, and again in 1968.

Other websites 
 IOC page on the Calgary 1988 Olympics
The Records of the Grand Historian () was written by Sima Qian, the historian of the Han Dynasty. It is a book recording Chinese history from the time of 3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors until the reign of Emperor Wu of Han.

History of China
Football was not in the original modern Olympic Games program as international football was not that popular in 1896. However an unofficial football tournament was organised during the first competition. Complete records have been lost and may not even be true but it seems that only two games may have been played. An Athens XI lost to a team representing Smyrna (Izmir), then part of the Ottoman Empire. Smyrna went on to be beaten 15-0 by a team from Denmark. Demonstration tournaments were played at the 1900 and 1904 games and the "Intercalated Games" of 1906, but these were contested by various clubs and scratch teams, and are not considered to be official Olympic events. Neither FIFA nor the IOC recognize the Intercalated Games. The first proper tournament is said to be in the 1908 Olympics, organized by the Football Association. It had 6 teams. The next tournament was organized by the Swedish Football Association in 1912
. However, the tournament was very unbalanced, with some high scoring games such as 10-0 and 12-0, and all of the players were amateurs. The tournaments of 1924 and 1928 are the two only editions officially recognised by FIFA as championships of the world.
For the 1984 Olympics, the IOC admitted professional players.

Since the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, all teams have to be under-23 years old. Since 1996, three over 23 players are allowed.

A women's edition was added in 1996. The women's tournament has no age restrictions, unlike the men's tournament.

Results

Related pages
 National teams world champions (football)
 Football at the 1936 Olympics
 Football at the 1988 Olympics
 Football at the 2012 Olympics
 Football at the 2016 Olympics

References 

Football at the Olympics
The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games, were held in 1976 in Innsbruck, Austria. The games were originally awarded to Denver, Colorado, United States in May 1970, but a 300 percent rise in costs and worries about environmental impact led to voters' rejection of a $5 million bond issue to finance the games in 1972. As a result, the IOC offered the games to Whistler, British Columbia (Canada), who had bid on the games, but they also declined due to a change of government there. (Whistler would go on to be associated with neighbouring Vancouver's successful bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics.) The IOC finally called on Innsbruck, which had hosted the 1964 Winter Games just twelve years earlier, to also host the 1976 games. Salt Lake City, Utah, which would eventually host in 2002, offered itself as a potential host after the withdrawal of Denver. The IOC declined.

Other websites 
 IOC page for the 1976 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics
1976 in Europe
1970s in Austria
Innsbruck
Winter Olympics 1976
Winter Olympics in Europe
Gymnastics has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics. For thirty years, only men were allowed to compete. Women's events were introduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. The competition was held in artistic gymnastics discipline until 1984, when rhythmic gymnastics discipline was added to the program of the Olympics. Since 2000, trampolining discipline has also been competed.

References 
 

Summer Olympic Games
Gymnastics
Biathlon (not to be confused with duathlon) is a term used to describe any sporting event made up of two disciplines. However, biathlon usually refers specifically to the winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. Another popular variant is summer biathlon, which combines cross-country running with riflery.

Related pages 

Biathlon's two sports disciplines:
 Cross-Country Skiing
 Rifle shooting

Other multi-discipline sports (otherwise unrelated to biathlon):
 Duathlon
 Nordic Combined
 Triathlon
 Pentathlon
 Modern pentathlon
 Heptathlon
 Decathlon

Other websites
Other websites 

 Event & Competition Rules Authorized by the IBU Congress, June 1998  – The official IBU rule book, with annexes
 Biathlonworld.Com – A cooperation between IBU and EBU; with race results/statistics, TV schedules, live competition results, etc.
 Russian Biathlon Union (rus)
 Russian Biathlon Union(eng)
 Biathlon Canada
 Biathlon Alberta
 U.S. Biathlon Association 
 U.S. Archery Biathlon 
 History of Biathlon 
 Veltins Biathlon World Team Challenge
 Biathlon on OLN TV 
 Biathlon on DVD
 Biathlon Russia 
 Biathlon Ukraine
 BiathlonFrance.com

Skiing
Sport shooting
The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were held in Munich, West Germany (in what is now Germany), from 26 August to 11 September 1972. Munich won its Olympic bid in April 1966 over the cities of Detroit, Michigan, USA; Madrid, Spain; and Montreal, Canada. The 1972 Summer Olympics are one of 2 Olympic Games that had a significant criminal incident — the Munich massacre, in which a group of Palestinian terrorists kidnapped and killed several Israeli athletes. (The other Olympics with a significant criminal event was the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, USA — the Centennial Olympic Park bombing). A movie about the Israeli response to this was made called Munich.

Related pages
 Munich massacre
 1972 Summer Paralympics

References

Other websites 
 IOC page for the 1972 Summer Olympics
Royal Boroughs are districts in the United Kingdom that have been given this special title because they had special links with the British royal family.

English boroughs
Emperor Wu of Jin (; 236 - 290) was the founder of Western Jin Dynasty. His name was Sima Yan. He was born in Henei (now Henan Province). His father was Sima Zhao and Sima Yi was his grandfather. They were the imperial officials of Wei Dynasty and seized control over the imperial court. In 265 AD, Sima Yan forced Emperor Cao Huan to abdicate. In 280 AD, he conquered Eastern Wu and unified China.

Emperors and Empresses of China
236 births
290 deaths
People from Henan
John Couch Adams (5 June 1819 – 21 January 1892), was an English mathematician and astronomer. Adams was born in Laneast, Cornwall and died in Cambridge. He was famous for co-discovering the planet Neptune.

Other websites 
 Biography on the St Andrews database
 Awarding of RAS gold medal: MNRAS 26 (1866) 157
 AJ 11 (1892) 112
 MNRAS 53 (1892) 184
 Obs 15 (1892) 173

1819 births
1892 deaths
English astronomers
English mathematicians
People from Cornwall
Pygmy is a word that describes several ethnic groups with unusually short people. According to anthropologists, pygmies can be any group where adult men are less than  tall on average. The best known pygmies are the Aka, Efé and Mbuti of central Africa. There are also pygmies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Brazil. The Negritos of Southeast Asia are also called pygmies.

The word "pygmy" is sometimes thought to be pejorative (an insult). It is, however, the only word that is used to call all African Midgets.
 The word Bayaka is sometimes used in the Central African Republic to refer to all local Pygmies. In the Congo Basin, pygmies are called the Kongo word Bambenga.

Name
The name "pygmy" comes from the Greek word  (pygmaios). This word was derived from (came from) the word  which is the length between a person's elbow and knuckles. The Latin word  (pl. pygmaei) came from this older Greek word.
The word was first used in Greek mythology by the poet Homer. He wrote about a tribe of dwarfs called Pygmies who lived in India and Ethiopia.

Origins
There are a number of theories to explain why pygmies are so short. It has been proved that their height is hereditary, and is passed on from parents to children. It may have evolved because of the low ultraviolet light found in rainforests, where many pygmies live. This would mean that the pygmies would make less vitamin D in their skin. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is important for bones to grow. Since the pygmies would get less calcium, they would have smaller bones and skeletons.