Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Frank Bank (April 12, 1942 – April 13, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Clarence "Lumpy" Rutherford on the situation comedy television series Leave It to Beaver.

Bank was born on April 12, 1942 in Los Angeles, California. He died on April 13, 2013 from unknown causes, aged 71.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Harvey Forbes Fierstein (born June 6, 1952) is an American actor and playwright. He is known for playing his voice role as Yao in the 1998 animated movie Mulan. He won two Tony Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.

Fierstein was born on June 6, 1952 in Brooklyn, New York. He was raised Jewish, but he is an atheist. Fierstein is openly gay. He now lives in Ridgefield, Connecticut. Fierstein is an activist for Gay Rights as supporter for the Democratic Party.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

Other websites

Review of Torch Song Trilogy, with information about Fierstein 
TonyAwards.com Interview with Harvey Fierstein 
 Donald L. Brooks' memoir of early casting of Fierstein and commissioning and directing Fierstein's first play.
1952 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American atheists
American LGBT rights activists
American movie actors
American playwrights
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Democrats (United States)
Drama Desk Award winners
Gay Jews
Jewish activists
Jewish American actors
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American writers
Jewish atheists
LGBT actors
LGBT playwrights
Tony Award winning actors
James Abbott McNeill Whistler  (; July 11, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter, most famous for a portrait of his mother.  He was also known for using musical terms in naming his paintings. Some examples of these are his "Symphony and Harmony" and his painting collections called "nocturnes". 

Whistler was also an outspoken advocate of Japanese calligraphy.

References 

1834 births
1903 deaths
American painters
A railgun is a gun that fires metal projectiles (bullets) using a magnetic field produced by electricity. Unlike conventional guns, it does not use gunpowder or other explosive propellants, and rarely needs to be cleaned or unjammed. Currently, most railguns are experimental and are not used in actual combat, but the U.S. Navy is expecting to have one operating soon. In theory, a railgun could fire a bowling-ball-sized projectile fast enough to destroy a small building, even over long distances. Railguns are usually very large and not portable because of the need for a large power supply. There have been proposals to use the same technology for non-weapon purposes, such as aircraft and spacecraft launchers and specialized tools.

Firearms
Artillery
A beneficiary is someone who gets money or other things from somebody else. For example, in a life insurance policy the beneficiary gets the money after the insured person dies. A beneficiary can also be the person chosen in someone's will. The person or group who gives the money is called the benefactor. In Trust law the beneficiary is the person who receives property from a trustee.

References 

Legal terms
The trust is named after Katiti (), a natural spring located about  south of Lake Amadeus. This spring was first written about by Baldwin Spencer and Francis James Gillen. They visited it in 1894 on their way to Uluṟu, and recorded the name "Kurtitina" (more accurately, ). The prospecting expedition led by Lawrence Wells visited the spring in 1903, and Herbert Basedow marked it on his maps as "Curtyteena".
History
Before the 1970s, the area of land now held by the Katiti ALT was considered crown land by the government. The region to the southwest had been declared an Aboriginal reservation in 1920. An area of land around Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa had been made into the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park in 1958. The Katiti block, however, was considered unused. In 1976, the Australian Federal Government passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act. This law allowed Aboriginal communities to claim ownership of unused land, and to be granted freehold title to that land if they could show that they had a historical association with it. Section 4 of the act gave the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs the power to establish Land Trusts to look after the title.
The Katiti Land Claim was formally submitted in 1979. The claim was for a larger area than what is held by the Trust today, and included the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park. It was sumbitted by the Central Land Council on the behalf of several hundred people, most of whom lived at Muṯitjulu. The people were granted legal ownership to the block of land now held by the Katiti ALT on 30 September 1980. They were not granted the title to Ayers Rock–Mt Olga because it was already being used as a national park. They were, however, recognised as the park's traditional owners (). Also excluded from the property granted were a  area surrounding the resort town of Yulara, and a  area covering the Petermann Road, which provided tourist access to Uluṟu.
Petermann Road was later replaced by the Lasseter Highway, and the government transferred the title to the old road to the Katiti ALT on 23 February 1990. Legal ownership over the national park's land was eventually granted to its traditional owners in 1985, and the title to this area is held by the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust. Ownership of the Yulara area was the subject of a court case, which ended in 2006.

References

Aboriginal Land Trusts
Northern Territory
1980 establishments in Australia
The common objectives of "political violence" by the State of Palestine or Palestinian nationalists include self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine, and recognition of a Palestinian state, either in place of both Israel and the Palestinian territories, or solely in the Palestinian territories. More limited goals include the release of Palestinian prisoners held hostage by the Israeli regime or the Palestinian right of return. Other motivations include personal grievances(injustice), trauma or revenge. Its history begins from 1851 during the Ottoman Empire, and continued after the declaration of Israel in 1948.

References

Other websites 

Arab–Israeli conflict
Palestine
Nationalism
William Frederick Durst (born Frederick Allen Mayne III; August 20, 1970) is an American singer and movie director known for being the lead singer of the nu metal band, Limp Bizkit.

He is also known for his work in independent movies and made his directorial debut in with the 2007 movie The Education of Charlie Banks. The second movie he directed was the 2008 movie The Longshots. He was ranked at #71 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.

References

Other websites

 

1970 births
Living people
American heavy metal musicians
American movie directors
Rappers from North Carolina
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from North Carolina
Singers from Florida
David Lombardo (born February 16, 1965 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American musician, best known as the co-founder and drummer of the American thrash metal band Slayer. 

Lombardo has also been a part of his side project Grip Inc., Fantômas, Philm, and Testament. He was born in Havana and moved to South Gate, California with his family when he was two years old. He was given his first drum set at the age of ten. He was given the title "the godfather of double bass" from Drummer World. He is known as an inspiration to many modern metal drummers, mainly within both the thrash and death metal genres. 

He left Slayer in 2013 and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. After he left Slayer, he decided to reform his side project Grip Inc.

Lombardo now plays for Suicidal Tendencies, Dead Cross, and The Misfits.

References

American drummers
American heavy metal musicians
Musicians from Havana
1965 births
Living people
Mount Currie is a mountain in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is about  above sea level. It is part of the same line of conglomerate hills that includes Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa. These three formations have very similar compositions. The sheet of conglomerate that is shared by all three is called Mount Currie Conglomerate.

The peak was named Mount Currie by the explorer William H. Tietkens, who led an expedition through the area in 1889. He named the peak from a distance, and did not actually approach it. The first White explorers to reach Mount Currie were the Mackay Expedition in June 1926, which was led by Donald Mackay and Herbert Basedow.

References

Mountains of the Northern Territory
"Plastic Brit" is a rude insult that is used towards sportspeople who were not born in the United Kingdom but were chosen to compete for Great Britain. It was mainly used by the Daily Mail in the build up to the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was argued against by some of the sportspeople who were called "Plastic Brits", including Yamilé Aldama who wrote a page against it in The Guardian.

Sources

English words and phrases
Pejoratives
Subculture
British culture
An aurora is a natural light display usually seen near the Earth's poles.

Aurora might also mean:

Places
Cities in the United States
Aurora, Colorado
Aurora, Illinois
Aurora, Indiana
Aurora, Iowa

Other
Aurora (aircraft), an alleged surveillance aircraft
Aurora (mythology), Roman goddess of the dawn
Aurora Pro Patria 1919, an Italian football club
Semitic might mean:

 Semitic people
 Semitic languages
 Semitic studies
 Semitic Museum
The Boston Marathon bombings were a terrorist attack that happened during the 2013 Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013 in Boston, Massachusetts. At 2:49 PM EDT, two bombs exploded thirteen seconds apart near the finish line. Three people were killed and an estimated 264 people were injured. The windows of stores near the explosions were broken, and a window on the third floor of the Boston Public Library, across the street from the site of one of the explosions, was damaged.

Explosion
At the time of the first traumatic  explosion, the clock at the finish line showed a time of 04:09:43. This was within minutes of the time that the most runners were crossing the finish line during the 2013 Boston Marathon. The winning runners had crossed the finish line two hours earlier, and other runners were finishing. The remaining runners were directed away from the finish line.
The Federal Aviation Administration stopped all airplanes from departing Boston's Logan International Airport for almost two hours. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Boston's transit system, had some service shut down after the bombings.

Response
In response to the bombings, security was increased in New York City. Counter-terrorism vehicles were sent to landmark sites in the city. Security was increased at Times Square, hotels, and other places. Security was also increased in Washington D.C., where the White House was partially evacuated. Pennsylvania Avenue was closed off by the United States Secret Service. In Chicago, all of the city's most important streets and buildings were also closed and inspected.
Barack Obama, the President of the United States, addressed the nation several hours after the bombings. He said that while the people behind the bombings were still not known, the government would "get to the bottom of this.", and that those people would feel "the full weight of justice." The President addressed the nation again the next day. He later described the bombings as an act of terrorism, saying that "Any times bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror."

Aftermath
The day after the bombings, a moment of silence was held at the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and the New York Mercantile Exchange. Other events across the country also held moments of silence.
During a news conference on April 18, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released video and pictures of two possible suspects to the public, asking them to help identify the suspects in the video and pictures. The FBI reported that one of the men was seen placing a backpack at the scene of the bombings minutes before they happened.

Captured
On the evening of April 18, a shooting happened on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at 10:48 PM EDT. Multiple shots were fired. One police officer at the scene died after being shot multiple times. After killing the police officer, the suspects  stole a silver Mercedes-Benz SUV in Cambridge. They forced the owner to use his ATM card to take out $800 in cash. They released him after the ATM reached its limit. The owner's cell phone was still in the car, allowing police to locate the suspects. Police exchanged gunfire with the two suspects in Watertown. One police officer was very badly hurt while exchanging gunfire with the suspects.  The Boston Globe reported that the suspects were the same men that the FBI were looking for in the aftermath of the Marathon bombings. One of the suspects, 26-year old Tamerlan Tsarnaev, died of his injuries. The other suspect, 19-year old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was "still at large," according to law enforcement officials
. On the morning of April 19, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick asked the city of Boston to "shelter in place." This meant that people should stay inside and not open their doors to anyone other than police officers with proper identification cards. As a result, the entire transit system of Boston, as well as taxi service, was shut down.
Later that evening, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was taken into custody. He had hidden in a boat in the backyard of a property on  67 Franklin St. in Watertown and was spotted by a man checking on his boat. He was taken into custody alive, but very badly hurt after a standoff with police.

On April 22, Dzhokar was charged with using and planning to use a weapon of mass destruction to cause death and with destruction of property resulting in death. On May 15, 2015, a jury sentenced Dzhokhar to death by lethal injection.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 
 

2013 murders in the United States
2010s explosions
Marathon bombings
April 2013 events
Explosions in the United States
Islamic terrorist incidents in the United States
Terrorist incidents in 2013
Worm charming, worm grunting, and worm fiddling are methods of attracting earthworms out from the ground. It is usually done to collect bait for fishing, but it can also be a sport. Most worm charming methods involve vibrating the soil, which encourages the worms to the surface. One method involves twirling a steel pole in the ground, which moves the dirt, making the worms in the area go to the top of the ground.
The worm grunting capital of the world is Albuquerque, New Mexico. Every year on June 21, thousands of fishermen show up for the annual worm grunting festival.
The activity is usually performed to collect bait for fishing.

References

Sports involving animals
Fishing
Slovak might mean:

Something related to the country Slovakia
Slovaks, the people of Slovakia
Slovak language, the language of Slovakia
The Yoruba religion has had great influence among black people in Cuba, many of whom are Yoruba descendants. It has some usage in other Caribbean islands, and in the United States.<ref>Canizares, Raul 1993. Walking with the night: the afro-Cuban world of santeria. Rochester, VT: Destiny.</ref>Gonzalez-Whippler, Migene 1982. The santeria experience. N.Y. Original Publications. ISBN 0-942272-15-3Mason, Michael Atwood 2002. Living santeria: rituals and experiences in an Afro-Cuban religion. Washington: Smithsonian. ISBN 1-58834-077-5Thompson, Robert Farris 1983. Flash of the spirit: African and Afro-American art & philosophy. N.Y. Vintage. ISBN 0-394-72369-4  In Cuba the religion is known locally as regla d'ocha, (meaning 'the way of the spirits'). Santería'' is a slightly wider term referring to the merging ("syncretism") of African spirits and Catholic saints. Adherents in countries like Cuba may be received into the Catholic church and initiated into the Yoruban religion, sometimes on successive days.
References

African traditional religions
Nigerian culture
Benin
Cuban culture
Uzbek might mean:

Something related to Uzbekistan
Uzbek language
Valencian might mean:

Something related to Valencia (autonomous community), part of Spain
Something related to the city Valencia, which is in the autonomous community
Valencian language

Related pages
Valencia (disambiguation)
Diseases and disorders of the brain‎
James Jesus Angleton (December 9, 1917 – May 12, 1987) was chief of CIA counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975. His official title was Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence (ADDOCI). He started towards the end of World War II, and worked in Italy for the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) after the war. Returning to Washington DC, he became one of the founding members of the CIA in 1949.

The peak of his career was in detecting "moles", that is, foreign spies in American and western secret services. The 1970s Church Committee of the US Senate established that Angleton was in charge of the domestic spying activities of the CIA under 'Operation CHAOS'.

Eventually he was fired when he accused several western prime ministers of aiding the Soviet Union, and the anti-war and civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s as having foreign funding.

References
References

 Engelberg, Stephen.  1987. James Angleton, Counterintelligence Figure, Dies. The New York Times, May 12, Late City Final Edition, Section D, Page 31, Column 1.
 Hersh, Seymour. The Angleton Story". The New York Times Magazine, June 25, 1978, p. SM4.
 Holzman, Michael. 2008. James Jesus Angleton, the CIA and the Craft of Counterintelligence, University of Massachusetts Press.

Other websites

 Frontline—"The Spy Hunter" May 14, 1991  by Tom Mangold for the PBS program
 

1917 births
1987 deaths
American autobiographers
Anti-communists
Harvard University alumni
People from Boise, Idaho
Politicians from Idaho
Yale University alumni
Teresa Michelle Scanlan (born February 6, 1993) is a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss America 2011. Before that, she was Miss Nebraska 2010. She became the youngest Miss America since Bette Cooper in 1937. She advocates for eating conditions, including bulimia. She was originally from California, but is now from Nebraska.

References

Beauty pageant winners
People from Nebraska
1993 births
Living people
Camden is a city in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Camden is directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia. The city of Camden was officially incorporated in 1828. Its population has gone up and down since the 1940s, and even more so since the 1950s.

Cities in New Jersey
County seats in New Jersey
1828 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in New Jersey
Non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) is a type of computer memory. It is permanent storage similar to a hard drive. The startup configuration is stored in NVRAM. The best known form of NVRAM today is the flash drive.

Computer memory
The 2013 FA Cup Final was the 132nd final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football cup competition. The final took place on the 11 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium. Premier League clubs Manchester City and Wigan Athletic took part in the 2013 final, with Wigan Athletic defeating Manchester City 1–0 after an injury time goal from Ben Watson.

References

2013 in association football
Football competitions in the United Kingdom
Sport in London
The Football Association
2013 in London
Museo Reina Sofía is a museum in Madrid, Spain. Picasso's painting Guernica is there.

The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS, also called the Museo Reina Sofía, Queen Sofia Museum, El Reina Sofia, or simply The Sofia) is Spain's national museum of 20th century art. The museum was officially inaugurated on September 10, 1992 and is named for Queen Sofia of Spain. It is located in Madrid, near the Atocha train and metro stations, at the southern end of the so-called Golden Triangle of Art (located along the Paseo del Prado and also comprising the Museo del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza).

The museum is mainly dedicated to Spanish art. Highlights of the museum include excellent collections of Spain's two greatest 20th century masters, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí.  The Reina Sofia Museum also hosts a free-access library specializing in art, with a collection of over 100,000 books, over 3,500 sound recordings and almost 1,000 videos.
The central building of the museum was once an 18th-century hospital. Extensive modern renovations and additions to the old building were made starting in 1980. In 1988, portions of the new museum were opened to the public, mostly in temporary configurations; that same year it was decreed by the Ministry of Culture as a national museum. Its architectural identity was radically changed in 1989 by Ian Ritchie (architect) with the addition of three glass circulation towers.  A €92 million designed by French architect Jean Nouvel opened October 2005.

The building has been functioning as the Centro del Arte (Art Center) since 1986 but was established as the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in 1988. But analyzing the building's history up until these events, it appears that the building was subjected to being tested out as different representations of what it is today.

Photo Gallery, Reina Sofía Museum

Museums in Spain
"Gentleman" () is a song by South Korean musician, PSY. The first public performance of the song, with its associated dance, was unveiled at 6:30pm on April 13 at Seoul World Cup Stadium in Seoul.

2013 songs
Ensemble Studios was a video game developer. It was founded in 1995 at first as an independent company. It was founded by Tony Goodman, Rick Goodman and John Boog-Scott. It was acquired by Microsoft in 2001 and operated as an internal studio until 2009, when it was officially disbanded. Ensemble developed many real-time strategy games, including the Age of Empires game series, Age of Mythology, and Halo Wars. In addition to game development, Ensemble Studios also made the Genie Game Engine used in Age of Empires, Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings, and Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds.

References

American video game companies
1995 establishments in the United States
2009 disestablishments in the United States
Companies based in Dallas
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London where Shakespeare's plays were held. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. Over the years, several theatres have held this name, all in central London.

The Globe could seat 3000 people and 1000 standing in the yard. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.  A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614. It was closed in June 1642, with other theatres, by order of the Puritan Long Parliament.

Drawings
There are drawings of the outside of the theatre, but historians do not really know what the inside of the Globe looked like. They have had to use written descriptions, details from the building contracts, drawings of other theatres, and clues in the plays written to be performed in the Globe. In 1989 an archaeological dig at the site showed that the building was in the shape of a polygon, with 20 sides. They also discovered the building was 100 feet (30 m) in diameter.
Reconstruction
A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 about 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre. The rebuilding was a project started by an American actor, director and producer, Sam Wanamaker. He set up the Globe Theatre Trust, and spent years raising money and researching so that the theatre could be built. He died before the new Globe was finished.

References 

Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
Theatres in the United Kingdom
William Shakespeare
Xbox Game Studios is the video game production wing for Microsoft, responsible for the development and publishing of games for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Games for Windows and Windows Phone platforms. They were established in 2002 as Microsoft Game Studios to coincide with the release of the Xbox, before being re-branded in 2011. Microsoft Studios develops and publishes games in conjunction with first and third party development studios under their publishing label.

Other wbesites
 Microsoft's Official Xbox website
 

American video game companies
Microsoft
"Blame It on the Rain" is a song by Milli Vanilli. It was released in summer 1989. The song was their third and last Billboard Hot 100 number one hit before their lip synching scandal. The club mix version of the song was on their album All or Nothing. It hit number one in November 1989 and stayed there for two weeks.

References

1989 songs
Pop songs
Milli Vanilli songs
Altrincham is a town in the borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.

Altrincham has an ice-rink and a cinema.

Towns in Greater Manchester
Trafford
Lin Biao (Birth Name : Lin Yurong : Chinese : 林羽绒） (Chinese: 林彪; December 5, 1907 – September 13, 1971) was a Chinese communist military leader. Lin was a general in the First Chinese Civil War (1927-1936),the  Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945),World War 2 (1939-1945) the Second Chinese Civil War (1945-1949),the Korean War (1950-1953),and the Cultural Revolution (1966) . He was general of the People's Liberation Army from 1927-1971 .

After the war, Lin was key in creating Mao Zedong's personality cult. He wrote the introduction to The Little Red Book. Lin was rewarded for his service to Mao by being named Mao's successor in the Ninth Party Congress, 1966. This he remained until his death in 1971 and was considered a traitor just like Ernst Röhm during Night of the Long Knives (1934) in Nazi Germany as well as Genrikh Yagoda,Nikolai Yezhov in 1938 and 1940 and Lavrenty Beria in 1953 in the Soviet Union before and after Stalin’s death .
Lin died in September 1971 when his aeroplane crashed in Mongolia. He was attempting to flee China with his son after what appeared to be a failed military coup. After Lin Biao's death, he was branded a traitor by the Communist Party of China. He, along with Jiang Qing (Mao's forth wife) and the Shanghai Radicals are still officially blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution (1966).

References
 Lin's introduction to the Little Red Book
 The Encyclopaedia Britannica's article on the man

1907 births
1971 deaths
Chinese generals
Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China
Ancient Greek sculpture is the sculpture of Ancient Greece. There are  three major stages. Sculpture was used to show the battles, mythology, and rulers of the area known as Ancient Greece.

Archaic period 

The Greeks began again to carve in stone as they came out of their Dark Age. They were inspired by the large stone sculptures of Mesopotamia and Egypt.  Free-standing figures share the solidity and front-facing stance of their Eastern models. However, their style is more dynamic than those of Egyptian sculpture. This is clear in the Lady of Auxerre and the Torso of Hera (Early Archaic period, c. 660–580 BC. Both are in the Louvre, Paris). After about 575 BC, figures such as these, both male and female, began wearing the so-called 'archaic smile'. This may have been a device to give the figures a distinctive human appearance.
Three types of figures are common – the standing nude youth (kouros, plural kouroi), the standing draped girl (kore, plural korai), and the seated woman. All emphasize and generalize the essential features of the human figure and show an increasingly accurate understanding of human anatomy.

Lady of Auxerre 
The (75 cm high) limestone Cretan sculpture called the Lady of Auxerre, at the Louvre is a Greek goddess of c. 650–625 BC. It is a Kore ("maiden") whose her right hand touches her solar plexus and her left is stiffly at her side (Basel 2001).

Maxime Collignon, a Louvre curator, found the sculpture in a storage vault in the Museum of Auxerre, a city east of Paris, in 1907. No-one knows how it got there, according to the Louvre monograph.

This archaic sculpture has traces of coloured paint. It dates from the 7th century BC, when Greece was emerging from its Dark Age. The Lady of Auxerre still has the narrow waist of a Minoan–Mycenaean goddess, and her stiff hair suggests Egyptian influence.
Classical period 

The Classical period saw better Greek sculpture. There was a big improvement in producing realistic human forms. Poses became more naturalistic, notably during the beginning of the period (see the Charioteer of Delphi for an example of the transition to more naturalistic sculpture).

From about 500 BC, Greek statues began increasingly to depict real people. The statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, set up in Athens mark the overthrow of the aristocratic tyranny, are said to be the first public monuments to show actual individuals.

Also, we begin to see references to the sculptors themselves in writings of the period. Examples include Phidias, known to have overseen the design and building of the Parthenon, and Praxiteles, whose nude female nude sculptures were the first to be considered artistically respectable.
The Classical period also saw an increase in the use of statues and sculptures as decorations of buildings. The temples of the Classical era included the Parthenon in Athens, and the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. They had relief sculpture for decorative friezes, and sculpture in the round to fill the triangular fields of the pediments. Most of these works survive only in fragments, for example the Parthenon Marbles, roughly half of which are in the British Museum.

Hellenistic period 

The Hellenistic period is from 323 BC to 146 BC. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to this period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.
All these statues show classical themes, but their treatment is far more sensuous and emotional than the Classical period would have allowed. Hellenistic sculpture was also marked by an increase in size, which culminated in the Colossus of Rhodes (late 3rd century), thought to have been roughly the same size as the Statue of Liberty. The combined effect of earthquakes and looting have destroyed this.

Almost all forms of Greek and Roman art were coloured in the original. Most Greek sculptures were painted in strong and bright colours. The clothing and hair were painted, with the skin left in the natural colour of the stone. Some sculptures were entirely painted. The polychromy of stone statues was paralleled by the use of different materials to distinguish skin, clothing and other details, and by the use of different metals for lips, fingernails, etc. on high-quality bronzes like the Riace bronzes.

References 

Ancient Greek statues
Slot machines include a currency detector that detects if coins and notes are real ones and what values they have. The machine pays the winning or issue a coupon that will entitle to collecting reward in cash or prizes.
In some countries where money gambling in casinos is illegal the slot machines can issue free prizes, coupons or vouchers. Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and make up about 70 percent of the US casino's income.
The first slot machine was invented by Charles Fey of San Francisco, California, U.S in 1894. The following year Fey built the 4-11-44 in his basement; it proved so successful at a local saloon that he soon quit his job and opened a factory to produce more units. In 1898 Fey built the Card Bell, the first three-reel slot machine with automatic cash payouts. The Card Bell had a handle that set the reels in motion when it was pushed down and playing card suitmarks that lined up to form poker hands. His next slot machine, the Liberty Bell, was built in 1899 and used horseshoes and bells as well as playing card suitmarks on the reels. Three bells lined up in a row meant the top payout. Chiefly because of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, only 4 of more than 100 Liberty Bell machines built by Fey survive. The Liberty Bell proved immensely popular among saloon patrons in San Francisco and was quickly copied by Fey’s competitors, such as the Mills Novelty Company of Chicago.

Variants
Variants 

 Progressive Jackpot Slots 
 Multiple Pay-Line
 Multiplier Slots
 Bonus Multiplier Slots
 Megaways Slots
 Classic Slots
 3D Slots
 Video Slots

References

Gambling
Machines
Freemium is a business model, and a marketing term, used for digital products. It means that the base features of a product can be used without payment, but that more advanced features require payment. 

This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

References 

Marketing
Stamford might mean:

Places

People

Other disambiguation pages
Stamford Bridge
Stanford
Donald Arthur Glaser (September 21, 1926 – February 28, 2013) was an American physicist and neurobiologist of Jewish descent. He won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber used in subatomic particle physics.

Glaser was born on September 21, 1926 in Cleveland, Ohio. He studied at Case Western University and at the California Institute of Technology. Glaser was married to Ruth Bonnie Thompson from 1960 until they divorced in c. 1970. Then he was married to Lynn Bercovitz from 1975 until his death in 2013. Glaser died on February 28, 2013 in his home in Berkeley, California from natural causes, aged 86.

References

Other websites

Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
Biography of Glaser, Donald A. 

1926 births
2013 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
American neuroscientists
Scientists from Cleveland
Otfried Preußler or Otfried Preussler (October 20, 1923 – February 18, 2013) was  a German children's book author. He wrote over 100 books. Some of them are The Robber Hotzenplotz and The Satanic Mill (Krabat). His books sold 50 million copies. They have been translated into over 55 languages.

Preußler was born on October 20, 1923 in Liberec, Czechoslovakia to German parents. He was married to Annelies Kind from 1949 until his death in 2013. He won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1972 for Krabat. Preußler died on February 18, 2013 in Bavaria, Germany from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 Preußler's Official Website 
 www.worldcat.org: List of Preußler's books that have been translated into English

1923 births
2013 deaths
Writers from Bavaria
The City of God is a work of Christian theology. It was written by Augustine of Hippo in Latin in the early 5th century.

The work's full title is On the city of God against the pagans (Latin: Dē cīvitāte Deī contrā pāgānōs). It is made up of 22 books. Augustine began to write it in 412 or 413. He finished it sometime between 422 and 429.

References

Other websites
Latin text
English translation by Marcus Dods
SparkNotes: The City of God 

Christian theology
Christian texts
5th-century books
Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble is an action puzzle video game for the Game Boy Color game console. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on August 23, 2000, and in North America on April 11, 2001. It is a spin-off game in the Kirby series of video games.

The player controls Kirby by moving the game console. The game comes with a built-in accelerometer to allow the player to do so. The object of the game is to guide Kirby to a level's goal within the time limit. To do so, the player tilts the console in the direction they wish to move Kirby. 

Kirby can jump if the player moves the console vertically in a jerking motion (moving the console forward quickly). The game involves the collection of stars that are in the level. Levels also have one secret star. The player has to collect all of the secret stars to fully complete the game.

References

2000 video games
Game Boy Color games
Puzzle video games
Kirby
The ureter is the tube in the human body that takes urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Anatomy of the urinary system

The ureter are the tube that convey urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder  they are about 25 to 30 centimetre long  with the diameter of about 3 mm  the numerator is continuous with  the funnel shaped renal pelvis  it passes downward through the abdominal cavity
Credit history or   credit report is, in many countries, an information about  past borrowing and repaying, including information about late payments and bankruptcy. The term "credit reputation" can be also used to describe credit history or credit score.

In many countries, when a customer apply for credit from a bank, store or credit card company, their information is checked with credit monitoring organization. Such an organization will check if potential lender have history of some unpaid loans or other problems.

References

Money
Rachel Robinson (born Rachel Annetta Isum July 19, 1922) is a former nurse, educator, activist, and the widow of baseball player Jackie Robinson. 

Robinson was born in Los Angeles, California on July 19, 1922. Robinson was played by Nicole Beharie in the movie 42.

Personal life 
She studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. While she was at the University, she met Jackie in 1941. They married in 1946. Their son, Jackie Robinson, Jr., was born in November 1946. They later had a daughter, Sharon, and another son, David. Jackie Robinson died in 1972.

She currently resides on a  farm in Salem, Connecticut.

References

Other websites
 Jackie Robinson Foundation Website
 Timeline in the Life of Jackie and Rachel Robinson
 USA Today Q&A
 Rachel Robinson's oral history video excerpts at the National Visionary Leadership Project

1922 births
Living people
Educators from Los Angeles
American activists
A gauge is a display of some kind that shows a measurement.  Common types of gauges are dials and scales.

Examples are rain gauges, speedometers and pressure gauges.

Measuring tools
Fundamental may refer to:
 Fundamental frequency, as in music or phonetics
 Fundamentalism, the belief in the basic ideas based on the faith of a system of thought
 Any of a number of fundamental theorems in mathematics, such as:
 The fundamental theorem of algebra
 The fundamental theorem of arithmetic
A speedometer is a type of gauge that shows the speed a vehicle is moving.  It usually shows the speed in miles per hour (mph) for countries that use the statute mile for distances or Kilometres per hour (kph) for countries that use the metric system. Originally, a speedometer was an option that car owners could buy to put on their car. Beginning about 1910 it was built into all cars.

History 
The electric speedometer was invented by the Croatian Josip Belušić in 1888, and was originally called a velocimeter. Charles Babbage is credited with creating an early type of a speedometer. These were usually fitted to locomotives.

A speedometer was patented by a German, Otto Schulze on October 7, 1902, it uses a rotating flexible cable usually driven by gearing linked to the output of the vehicle's transmission. The early Volkswagen Beetle and many motorcycles, however, use a cable driven from a front wheel.
Speedometer accuracy 
Most speedometers have tolerances of some ±10%, mainly due to variations in tire diameter. Sources of error due to tire diameter variations are wear, temperature, pressure, vehicle load, and nominal tire size. Vehicle manufacturers usually calibrate speedometers to show the vehicle is going faster.

Underinflation 
When a tire has less air pressure than it should, it is underinflated. Underinflation causes excessive heat and reduces the diameter of the tires. This causes it to rotate faster than the speedometer shows it is. Tires underinflated by only 10 psi can mean a car or truck reading 70 mph on the speedometer is actually traveling at 72 mph.

References 

Auto parts
Measuring tools
Automotive technologies
The AFL–NFL merger of 1970 was the merger of the two major professional American football leagues in the United States at the time: the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). The merger combined the two leagues and retained the "National Football League" name and logo, to become one of the most popular sports leagues in the United States.

National Football League
1970 in sports
The major professional sports leagues, or simply major leagues, in  Canada and United States are the highest professional competitions of team sports in the two countries. Although individual sports such as golf, tennis,  auto racing, and gymnastics are also very popular, the term is usually limited to team sports.

The term "major league" was first used in 1921 in reference to Major League Baseball (MLB), the top level of professional American baseball. Today, the major northern North America professional team sports leagues are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). Other notable leagues include Major League Soccer (MLS), the Canadian Football League (CFL),  the Arena Football League, Major League Lacrosse, the National Lacrosse League, Professional Lacrosse League and the Women's National Basketball Association.

Sports organizations of North America
"All Through the Night" is a song by American singer Cyndi Lauper. It is off her first album, She's So Unusual.  It is a synthpop song written by Jules Shear and produced by Rick Chertoff. This was the only single by Lauper released worldwide which did not have a music video. It peaked at #5 on the Billboard Hot 100. It became her fourth top-five song in the United States.

The song received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was released in September 1984 in the United States.

References

1984 songs
Pop songs
Cyndi Lauper songs
Jon Santacana Maiztegui (born 1 November 1980) is a Spanish skier who has problems seeing. He skis with help from Miguel Galindo Garces who helps him with directions. Santacana has played in the IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships, in the European Cup and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, and Spanish national competitions. He represented Spain at the 2002 Winter Paralympics, 2006 Winter Paralympics and 2010 Winter Paralympics, making, getting a gold and a two silvers at the 2010 Paralympics.

He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the second skier to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. He was the first skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race. He was the first skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super Combined race and in the Giant Slalom race. He was the second skier to finish in the slalom race. Because he cannot see, Miguel Galindo Garces was his guide and told him where to when going down the mountain.

References
References

Living people
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1980 births
Spanish skiers
2002 Winter Paralympics
2006 Winter Paralympics
2010 Winter Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
A diving bell was an early system for underwater diving.  The basic idea of a bell is that a hollow object, even with an open bottom, will hold air when put under water (this can be seen with a glass in a sink).  If the bell is heavy enough it will sink below the water. A swimmer can be inside the bell and breathe, or hold his breath and swim outside the bell for a short time, and come back to the bell to breath again.  The idea had been around for a long time, but became useful in the 1600s. Scuba diving has mostly replaced diving bells although they are still used sometimes.

References

diving
Anne T. Hill (November 24, 1916 – March 8, 1999) was an American fashion designer and yoga teacher.

Hill was born on November 24, 1916 in Atlanta, Georgia. She studied at Commercial High School and at the University of Georgia. Hill was married to Harry Leher. Then she was married to Roy W. Hill from 1971 until his death in 1986. Then she was married to Edgar L. McCoubrey from 1990 until her death in 1999. Hill died on March 8, 1999 in her home in Rancho Mirage, California from heart failure, aged 82.

Other websites

 

1916 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American fashion designers
American teachers
Businesspeople from Atlanta
Educators from Atlanta
Spanish Paralympic Committee (, CPE) is a Spanish non-profit sport organisation started in 1995. It oversees disability sport organisations in Spain. The organisation has a Secretary General and a President. Since 2005, they have been supported by Plan ADO. In 2000, the CPE had a scandal.

References 

Paralympic Games
Sports for the disabled
1995 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Spain
Sports organizations of Spain
Parks Australia manages six national parks and two botanical gardens:
 Booderee National Park and Botanic Gardens, Jervis Bay Territory
 Christmas Island National Park, Christmas Island
 Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory
 Norfolk Island National Park, Norfolk Island
 Pulu Keeling National Park, Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, Northern Territory
Booderee, Kakadu and Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa are managed jointly with their traditional owners.

References

Other websites
Official website
Official blog

National Parks Australia Council

Government agencies of Australia
Conservation in Australia
Michael Daniel Higgins (born 18 April 1941) is the ninth and current President of Ireland. He took office on 11 November 2011. Higgins is an Irish politician, poet, sociologist, author and broadcaster. 

Higgins was a Teachta Dála (TD) and represented the Galway West constituency. He also was the Minister for Arts, Culture and Gaeltacht from 1993 to 1997. Higgins was the President of the Labour Party from 2003 until his election to the presidency in 2011.

Higgins is known because he was the first president to make a state visit to the United Kingdom.

Early life 
Higgins was born on the 18 April 1941. His father's name was John and he was from Ballycar, County Clare. His father was a member of the militant group, the Irish Republican Army. His fathers rank was a 2nd Lieutenant. He served alongside his brother Peter and Michael.

In the 1970s and some of the 1980s, Michael was involved in University and College positions, but later moved to politics in 1987.
On 11 November 2011, Michael D. Higgins became the 9th President of Ireland, after Mary McAleese. It was the first time the President of Ireland has been a male since Patrick Hillery left in 1990.

Personal life 
Higgins studied at University College, Galway, at Indiana University, Bloomington, and at the University of Manchester. Higgins has been married to Sabina Coyne since 1974. They have four children.

Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe

References

Other websites

Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website
 Documentary about Michael D. Higgins (family, career, and presidential campaign)  on YouTube, TG4,  2011.
Presidential election acceptance speech (RTÉ video in Irish and English)  
Presidential inauguration speech (Text)
Audio recording of speech opening the G. B. Shaw: Back in Town conference, Dublin 2012
Henry, William (2002). Role of Honour: The Mayors of Galway City 1485–2001. Galway: Galway City Council.
1941 births
Living people
Current national leaders
Presidents of Ireland
People from Limerick
José Manuel Abal Lores (born 15 July 1961) is a disability sport athlete from Spain. He is a T53/F53 type track and field athlete.  He ran in the pentathlon events and he ran the marathon.  He was at the 1992 Summer Paralympics and 1996 Summer Paralympics. He won a silver medal in 1992 in the pentathlon. He lost to Vojtech Vasicek from Czechoslovakia. He did not win any other medals in 1992 or 1996.

References

Spanish long-distance runners
Living people
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1961 births
1992 Summer Paralympics
1996 Summer Paralympics