Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Tones of rose color comparison chart
 Light Rose White (Xona.com color list “Rose White Light”) (Hex: #FFFBFB) (RGB: 255, 251, 251)
 Light Amour (Pink Mist) (Xona.com color list “Amour Light”) (Hex: #FDF6FA) (RGB: 253, 246, 250)
 Rose White (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #FFF6F5) (RGB: 255, 246, 243)
 Light Pale Rose (Xona.com color list “Pale Rose Light”) (Hex: #FFF3FA) (RGB: 255, 243, 250)
 Amour (Red Mist) (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #F9EAF3) (RGB: 249, 234, 243)
 Light Classic Rose (Xona.com color list “Classic Rose Light”) (Hex: #FDE9F5) (RGB: 253, 233, 245)
 Light Cupid (Xona.com color list “Cupid Light”) (Hex: #FDE3F0) (RGB: 253, 227, 240)
 Light Chantilly (Xona.com color list “Chantilly Light”) (Hex: #FCE5F2) (RGB: 252, 229, 242)
 Pale Light Pink (Xona.com color list “Pink Light”) (Hex: #FFE4E9) (RGB: 255, 228, 233)
 Pale Rose (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #FFE1F2) (RGB: 255, 225, 242)
 Misty Rose (web color) (Hex: #FFE4E1) (RGB: 255, 228, 225)
Light Dull Pallid Rose (Xona.com color list "Rose Light") (Hex: #F5E2DE) (RGB: 245, 226, 222)
 Pink (web color) (Tamarisk) (Light Red) (Hex: #FFC0CB) (RGB: 255, 192, 203)
 Chantilly (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #F8C3DF) (RGB: 248, 195, 223)
 Cupid (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #FBBEDA) (RGB: 251, 190, 218)
 Medium Light Pink (web color "Light Pink") (Hex: #FFB6C1) (RGB: 255, 182, 193)
<li style = "background-color: #f9c8cb;"> Crystal Rose (Pantone TPX 12-1708) (Hex: #F9C8CB) (RGB: 249, 200, 203)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #f5c5c2;"> English Rose (Pantone TPX 13-1310) (Hex: #F5C5C2) (RGB: 245, 197, 194)<li>
 Tea Rose (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #F4C2C2) (RGB: 244, 204, 231)
 Light Can Can (Xona.com color list “Can Can Light”) (Hex: #EBCBD6) (RGB: 237, 203, 214)
 Light Charm (Xona.com color list “Charm Light”) (Hex: #EDBACD) (RGB: 237, 186, 205)
<li style = "background-color: #f6c6d8;"> Light Carissma (Xona.com color list “Carissma Light”) (Hex: #F6C6D8) (RGB: 246, 198, 216)<li>
Classic Rose (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #FBCCE7) (RGB: 251, 204, 231)
 Bright Pale Rose (Crayola colored pencils "Pale Rose") (Hex: #FFCCFF) (RGB: 255, 204, 255)
 Light Hot Pink (Xona.com color list “Hot Pink Light”) (Hex: #FFB3DE) (RGB: 255, 179, 222)
 Lavender Rose (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #FBA0E3) (RGB: 251, 160, 227)
 Persian Pink (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #F77FBE) (RGB: 206, 70, 118)
 Light Deep Pink (Xona.com color list “Deep Pink Light”) (Hex: #FF5CCD) (RGB: 255, 92, 205)
 Rose Pink (Hex: #FF66CC) (RGB: 255, 102, 204)
 Tickle Me Pink (Crayola) (Hex: #FC80A5) (RGB: 252, 128, 165)
<li style = "background-color: #f091A9;"> Mauvelous (Crayola) (Hex: #F091A9) (RGB: 240, 145, 169)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ef9bb9;"> Light Cabaret (Xona.com color list “Cabaret Light”) (Hex: #EF9BB9) (RGB: 239, 155, 185)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ea88a8;"> Carissma (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #EA88A8) (RGB: 234, 136, 168)<li>
 Charm Pink (Plochere) (Hex: #E68FAC) (RGB: 230, 143, 172)
Light Cadillac (Xona.com color list “Cadillac Light”) (Hex: #DC9DB3) (RGB: 220, 157, 179)
 Dull Pallid Rose (Xona.com color list "Rose") (Hex: #E7BCB4) (RGB: 231, 188, 180)
 Light Rosy Brown (Xona.com color list “Rosy Brown Light”) (Hex: #E2CACA) (RGB: 226, 202, 202)
 Light Brandy Rose (Xona.com color list “Brandy Rose Light”) (Hex: #E1C7C3) (RGB: 225, 199, 195)
 Light Bazaar (Xona.com color list “Bazaar Light”) (Hex: #CFBCBE) (RGB: 207, 188, 190)
 Light Blush (Xona.com color list “Blush Light”) (Hex: #DE98B2) (RGB: 222, 152, 178)
 Can Can (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #D591A4) (RGB: 213, 145, 164)
 Rosebloom (Pantone TPX 15-2214) (Hex: #E38FB7) (RGB: 227, 143, 183)
 Light Rouge (Xona.com color list “Rouge Light”) (Hex: #D58EB5) (RGB: 213, 142, 181)
 Medium Raspberry (Xona.com color list Raspberry Light) (Hex: #C077A6) (RGB: 198, 119, 166)
 Puce (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #CC8899) (RGB: 204, 136, 153)
 Charm (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #D47494) (RGB: 212, 116, 148)
<li style = "background-color: #db7093;"> Pale Violet Red (web color) (Hex: #DB7093) (RGB: 219, 112, 147)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #de6fa1;"> Thulian Pink (Icelandic Pink) (First Lady) (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #DE6FA1) (RGB: 222, 111, 61)<li>
 Brink Pink (Crayola) (Hex: #FB607F) (RGB: 251, 96, 127)
 Wild Watermelon (Crayola) (Hex: #F05B78) (RGB: 253, 91, 153)
<li style = "background-color: #d94972;"> Cabaret (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #D94972) (RGB: 217, 73, 114)<li>
 Blush (Crayola)  (Hex: #DE5D83) (RGB: 222, 93, 131)
 French Rose (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #F64A8A) (RGB: 246, 74, 138)
 Violet-Red (Crayola) (Hex: #F7468A) (RGB: 247, 70, 138)
 Wild Strawberry (Crayola) - (Hex: #FF3399) (RGB: 255, 51, 153)
 Hot Pink (web color) (Hex: #FF69B4) (RGB: 255, 105, 180)
 Brilliant Rose (Crayola "Magenta"; Brilliant Rose 1949-1958) (Hex: #F653A6) (RGB: 246, 83, 166)
 Raspberry Pink (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #E25098) (RGB:226, 80, 155)
 Deep Pink (web color) (Hex: #FF1493) (RGB: 255, 20, 147)
Rose (Hex: #FF007F) (RGB: 255, 0, 127)
 Process Magenta (Printer's Magenta) (Pigment Magenta) (CMYK) (Hex: #FF0090) (RGB: 255, 0, 144)
 Razzle Dazzle Rose (Crayola) (Hex: #FF33CC) (RGB: 255, 51, 204)
 Magenta Rose (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #FF00AF) (RGB: 255, 0, 175)
 Persian Rose (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #FE28A2) (RGB: 254, 40, 162)
 Hollywood Cerise (Fashion Fuchsia) (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Venus colored pencils) (Hex: #F400A1) (RGB: 244, 0, 161)
 Foobar (Hex: #F00BA4) (RGB: 240, 11, 164)
 Mexican Rose (Mexican Pink) (Mexican Tourist Board) (Hex: #E4007C) (RGB: 228, 0, 124)
 Mystic Pearl (Crayola Pearl Brites) (Hex: #D65282) (RGB: 214, 82, 130)
 Vivid Cerise (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #DA1D81) (RGB: 218, 29, 129)
 Royal Fuchsia (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #CA2C92) (RGB: 202, 44, 146)
 Light Flirt (Xona.com color list “Flirt Light”) (Hex: #D500B6) (RGB: 213, 0, 182)
 Steel Pink (Crayola Ultra colored pencils) (Hex: #CC33CC) (RGB: 204, 51, 204)
Byzantine (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex:BD33A4) (RGB: 189, 51, 164)
 Raspberry Rose (Pantone TPX-19-2432) (Hex: #C7458B) (RGB: 199, 69, 139)
 Rose Violet (Pantone TPX 17-2624) (Hex: #C24C92) (RGB: 194, 76, 146)
 Medium Red-Violet (Crayola Red Violet) (Hex: #BB3385) (RGB: 187, 151, 133)
 Red-Violet (Pigment Purple) (web color Medium Violet Red) (Hex: #C71585) (RGB: 199, 21, 133)
Deep Cerise (Crayola Cerise) (Hex: #DA3287) (RGB: 218, 50, 135)
 Cerise (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #DE3163) (RGB: 222, 49, 99)
 Amaranth (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #E52B50) (RGB: 229, 43, 80)  
 Rose Pearl (Crayola Pearl Brites) (Hex: #F03865) (RGB: 240, 56, 101)
<li style = "background-color: #ff355e;"> Radical Red (Crayola) (Bright Amaranth Pink) (Hex: #FF355E) (RGB: 255, 53, 94)<li>
 Fiery Rose (Crayola Extreme Twistables) (Hex: #FF5470) (RGB: 255, 84, 112)
 Folly (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #FF004F) (RGB: 255, 0, 79)
 American Rose (American Beauty) (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #FF033E) (RGB: 255, 3, 62)
 Electric Crimson (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #FF003F) (RGB: 255, 0, 63)
 Raspberry (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul)(Hex: #E30B5C) (RGB: 227, 11, 92)
 Ruby (www.99colors.net) (Maerz and Paul) (Hex: #E0115F) (RGB: 224, 17, 95)
 Dogwood Rose (Georgian Rose) (www.99colors.net) (Hex: #D71868) (RGB: 215, 24, 104)
Razzmatazz (Crayola) (Hex: #E3256B) (RGB: 227, 37, 107)
 Rose Red (Pantone TPX 18-1852) (Hex: #C21E56) (RGB: 194, 30, 86)
 Popstar (Resene color list) (Hex: #BE4F62) (RGB: 190, 79, 98)
 Deep Blush (Blush (Xona.com color list)) (Hex: #B44668) (RGB: 180, 70, 104)
 Rose Dust (Crayola Silver Swirls) (Hex: #9E5E6F) (RGB: 158, 94, 111)
 Bazaar (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #98777B) (RGB: 152, 119, 123)
 Medium Girlsenberry (color used in fashion design) (Hex: #AA786D) (RGB: 170, 120, 109)
 Rose Quartz (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #AA98A9) (RGB: 170, 152, 169)
 Rosy Brown (web color) (Hex: #BC8F8F) (RGB: 188, 143, 143)
 Brandy Rose (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #BB8983) (RGB: 187, 137, 131)
 Old Rose (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #C08081) (RGB: 192, 128, 129)
 Turkish Rose (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #B57281) (RGB: 181, 114, 129)
 Rose Gold (Hex: #B76E79) (RGB: 183, 110, 121)
 Girlsenberry (web safe color used in web site design) (Hex: #CC5555) (RGB: 204, 85, 85)
<li style = "background-color: #cd5c5c;"> Chestnut (web color Indian Red ) (Hex: #CD5C5C) (RGB: 205, 92, 92)<li>
 Fuzzy Wuzzy Brown (Crayola) (Hex: #C45655) (RGB: 196, 86, 85)
<li style = "background-color: #b94e48;"> Deep Chestnut (Vermont Maple Syrup) (Crayola Chestnut) (Hex: #B94E48) (RGB: 185, 78, 72)<li>
 Rose Vale (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #AB4E52) (RGB: 171, 78, 82)
 Cadillac (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #B04C6A) (RGB: 176, 76, 106)
 Light Black Rose (Xona.com color list “Black Rose Light”) (Hex: #B12B7F) (RGB: 177, 43, 127)
 Flirt (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #A2006D) (RGB: 162, 0, 109)
 Rouge (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #A23B6C) (RGB: 162, 59, 108)
 Light Rosewood (Xona.com color list “Rosewood Light”) (Hex: #B00049) (RGB: 176, 0, 73)
 Raspberry Rose (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #B3446C) (RGB: 179, 68, 108)
 Copper Rose (Hex: #996666) (RGB: 149, 102, 102)
 Dark Chestnut (Hex: #986960) (RGB: 152, 105, 96)
 Rose Taupe (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #905D5D) (RGB: 144, 93, 93)
 Raspberry Glace (Plochere) (Hex: #915F6D) (RGB: 145, 95, 109)
Light Bulgarian Rose (Xona.com color list “Bulgarian Rose Light”) (Hex: #9A393D) (RGB: 154, 57, 61)
 Cordovan (Hex: #893F45) (RGB: 137, 63, 69)
 Dark Raspberry (Xona.com color list "Raspberry") (Hex: #872657) (RGB: 135, 38, 87)
<li style="background-color: #755258; color: #ffffff"> Galaxy (Resene color list) (Hex: #755258) (RGB: 117, 77, 82) <li>
 Black Rose (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #67032D) (RGB: 103, 3, 45)
 Rosewood (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #65000B) (RGB: 101, 0, 11)
 Rose Ebony (ISCC-NBS) (Hex: #674846) (RGB: 103, 76, 71)
 Bulgarian Rose (Xona.com color list) (Hex: #480607) (RGB: 72, 6, 7)
Related pages
List of colors

References
Maroon is a dark red color. 

The word maroon comes from the French word marron which means "chestnut".

The first recorded use of maroon as a color name in English was in 1789.

Meaning of maroon
 Vajrayana Buddhist monks wear robes that are colored various shades of maroon.

Tones of maroon color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
Ochre or Ocher is a golden-yellow or light yellowish brown colour.  The word is from the Greek ochros, meaning "yellow".  Ochre is natural earth pigment containing hydrated iron oxide.

Meaning of ochre 

The use of ochre is particularly intensive: it is not unusual to find a layer of the cave floor impregnated with a purplish red to a depth of eight inches. The size of these ochre deposits raises a problem not yet solved. The colouring is so intense that practically all the loose ground seems to consist of ochre. One can imagine that the Aurignacians regularly painted their bodies red, dyed their animal skins, coated their weapons, and sprinkled the ground of their dwellings, and that a paste of ochre was used for decorative purposes in every phase of their domestic life. We must assume no less, if we are to account for the veritable mines of ochre on which some of them lived.

Tones of ochre colour comparison chart
Banana Yellow (Yellow Ochre) (Human Feces) (Hex: #CCCC33) (RGB: 204, 204, 51)
<li style = "background-color: #cc7722;"> Ochre (Hex: #CC7722) (RGB: 204, 119, 34)<li>

Pigments
Teal is a blue-green color; a dark cyan.

Teal gets its name from the colored area around the eyes of the common teal, a member of the duck family.  

The first written use of Teal as a color name in English was in 1917.

Comparison of green, teal, blue and ultramarine

Tones of teal color comparison chart

Tones of the Teal color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References

Other websites 
Plochere Color System website
 What Color is Teal and How You Can Use It in Your Home Decor, Architect Anton Giuroiu , Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
Navy blue is a dark shade of the color blue. Some people mistake navy blue for black because some navies (such as the United States Navy) use a shade of navy blue that is so dark it is practically black.

Meaning of navy blue

 Navy blue represents sailors and also represents the navy of a nation.  Navy blue also represents the sport of yachting.
 Since 1748, British Royal Navy uniforms have been white and navy blue.  Other navies also adopted these uniform colors.  This is where the color got its name.
 Navy blue is the most popular color for a jacket known as a blazer (which also has brass buttons) which is often worn on special or formal occasions.  Navy blue colored blazers are also often worn by people who are employed in customer service positions that serve the public from behind a desk, such as hotel concierges.
 Navy uniforms colored a color called Regimental (now called Persian Indigo), made by dyeing cloth with indigo dye, were popular among many nations during the 19th Century.
Comparison of green, teal, blue and ultramarine

Tones of navy blue

Related pages
 List of colors

References
Lime is a yellowish green color. It is the color that is halfway between the color chartreuse green and yellow on the color wheel. The color lime is named after the fruit, lime.

The official web color named lime actually corresponds to pure green on an RGB display. Lime green is the color of the outer skin of a lime. Lime pulp is the color of the inside of a lime and of limeade, a fruit drink that is made from limes.

The first recorded use of lime as a color name in English was in 1905.

Meaning of lime
 The color lime implies someone or something that is tangy, tasty, and bold like the flavor of limeade, the drink that is made from limes.
 Sailors in the British Navy are called limeys because they used to be issued large rations of lime fruit to eat to prevent the disease scurvy on long sea voyages.

Tones of lime color comparison chart

Related pages
 List of colors

References
Karl Jochen Rindt (born  April 18 1942 in Mainz, Germany – died September 5 1970 in Monza) was a German racing driver who represented Austria during his career. In 1970, he won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship, but died in a crash in Monza. He was the only driver to win the championship after he died.

In 1965 he won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.

References

1942 births
1970 deaths
Austrian racecar drivers
Formula One drivers
People from Mainz
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
Claudio Arrau León (; February 6, 1903 – June 9, 1991) was a Chilean classical pianist.

Arrau started to play the piano as a boy and was giving concerts at the age of 5. The Chilean government heard of the child prodigy and quickly organized to have him sent to Germany to study with the best music teachers. At the age of 7 Arrau started to study music seriously at the Stern Conservatory, Berlin, Germany.

By the age of 11, Arrau was playing like a master, and performed the works of Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin and Johannes Brahms in recitals. 

Later in life Arrau became an important teacher of the piano and taught some of the most famous pianists in the world. Arrau married Ruth Schneider, an opera singer, and settled in the United States. Throughout his career he won the highest awards for piano playing. He died in Austria in 1991.

1903 births
1991 deaths
Chilean musicians
Pianists
Classical pianists
People from Bío Bío Region
Patriotism means loyalty of a person to his/her own nation or the leaders of the nation. A patriot is a person who is on the side of his/her own nation or its leaders. Patriotism is different from nationalism. 
Also, contrary to a nationalist, patriots do not favor                imperialism, while nationalists tend to but don’t always favor imperialism. An example of a nationalist favoring imperialism would be Adolf Hitler.

The English term "patriot" is first known from the Elizabethan era, via Middle French from Late Latin (6th century) patriota "countryman", ultimately from Greek πατριώτης (patriōtēs) "countryman", from πατρίς (patris), "fatherland". The abstract noun patriotism appears in the early 18th century.

Politics
Nationalism
A patriot is a person with patriotism.

Patriot may also refer to:

Observances 
 Patriot Day, a U.S. commemoration day for the remembrance of the losses of the September 11 attacks
 Patriots' Day, a holiday in the U.S. states of Massachusetts, Maine, and Wisconsin in honor of Lexington and Concord (American Revolutionary War)

Places
 Patriot, Indiana, a town in the United States

Sports 
 New England Patriots, in the National Football League and based in Massachusetts

Other uses 
 Patriot Act, a law in the United States in response to the September 11 attacks
Misogyny is the hatred of women, or the belief that women should be kept down at a lower place in society, under the control of men. Using sexist ideas and violence against women, misogyny punishes women who try to rise in society. A society that sets men above women is called patriarchy. Misogyny supports patriarchy by keeping women under men. Sometimes misogyny rewards women for accepting a lower place.

Misogyny is a very old idea. It can be seen in stories, religion, laws, and customs around the world. It is both a belief held by individuals, and a social custom or system. A misogynist is a person who hates women. Misogynists may hate women because they believe there is something wrong with them, such as being stupid, dirty or evil. Some misogynists claim to love women, or certain women, while keeping them at a lower place.
When women practice misogyny on themselves or each other, this is called internalized misogyny. Women who have internalized misogyny may view other women as an enemy. This may damage friendships among women.

There are some communities that have been described as misogynist such as the manosphere.

References

Related pages 
Sexism
Violence against women

Discrimination
Hatred
Malmeneich is a village in Hesse, Germany. It belongs to the municipality of Elz. The postal code for Malmeneich is 65604 and its dialing code is 06433. 345 people live in the village.

Geography and Climate
Malmeneich is in the Westerwald. The average elevation is 250m above sea level. The highest point is in the forest and is 292m high. The average temperature is 9,9°C. The village get between 700-720mm of rain each year. Though this seems moderate, temperatures can vary between -20°C and 35°C.

Malmeneich and the media
There was an entry about Malmeneich on the Hessian television in 2002. This was for a project of hr3 which aimed to report about Hessian villages with less than 1000 people living in them.

Every year Malmeneich is mentioned in the regional newspaper because of the "Malmeneicher Kirmes".

At the European elections in 2005, a citizen of Malmeneich was caught after voting five times. He got judged and this crime went through the regional media.
Other websites 
 Traveljournals.net Information on Malmeneich
 Official website of the municipality of Elz

Villages in Hesse
The word Maroon can have the following meanings:
 Maroon (colour), a dark red
 Maroon (people), runaway slaves in the Caribbean
 Marooning, the act of leaving someone on a deserted island
 Maroon (rocket), a loud rocket used for signaling
 Chicago Maroon, an independent student newspaper of the University of Chicago
 Colgate Maroon-News newspaper of Colgate University and the oldest university weekly newspaper in America
 Saint Maroon
 Marooned (Red Dwarf episode), an episode of Red Dwarf
In sports:
 The Queensland Maroons, officially called Queensland State of Origin Team, a representative rugby league team that plays Rugby League State of Origin
 The Montreal Maroons were a professional ice hockey team, in existence from 1924 to 1938
 The Toledo Maroons were a National Football League team, in existence from 1922 to 1923
 The Kenosha Maroons were a National Football League team, in existence in 1924
 The Fighting Maroons, the athletic teams of the University of the Philippines
 The Chicago Maroons, the athletic teams of the University of Chicago
 The Maroons, all the athletic teams of Roanoke College
 The Maroons, all the athletic teams of Moline High School

In the military:
The Maroon Beret is the internationally recognised symbol for elite airborne forces.
In music:
 Maroon (album), a 2000 album by the Barenaked Ladies
 Maroon (band), a German vegan and straight edge band
 Maroon 5, a United States pop band
 "Maroon", the adopted name Russell Shoatz, a former Black Liberation Army member
 Maroons (Hip hop group) from Oakland, California (Lateef & Chief Xcel)

In art:
 Maroon, Bugs Bunny's civil wording for Moron
United Parcel Service (UPS) is an American company that transports packages. It is the largest package delivery company in the world. UPS delivers more than 14 million packages a day to more than 200 countries. It is based in Sandy Springs, Georgia, USA. The company started in 1936 when several smaller companies merged and took the new name. It was owned by employees until 1999 when it offered stock to outsiders. 

The company uses brown uniforms and delivery trucks. The company trademarked the color so other delivery companies cannot use a brown logo.

UPS Airlines is a part of UPS that handles the transportation of packages over long distances and between countries. UPS has almost 300 airplanes in its fleet.

Other websites 
 UPS corporate website, shipping, tracking, service information

Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Gómez Pereira (1500 – 1567) was a Spanish philosopher, doctor, and humanist from Medina del Campo. He was most famous for his work in medicine, but he did many different things such as business, engineering, and especially philosophy. As a doctor, he was in favor of using the empirical method, instead of more medieval ideas about medicine.

His ideas in philosophy may have helped René Descartes come up with the  famous idea "cogito ergo sum". This is Latin for: "I think, therefore I am".

Life
Little is known about his life. He was the second of five brothers; his father, Antonio, had a small store that sold clothes, and his mother, Margarita, died when he was 15, so the children were raised by his aunt, Ana de Avila.  Some of his ancestors were Jews from Portugal who had become Christians.
He studied philosophy at the University of Salamanca.  His professor, Juan Martinez, was later the archbishop of Toledo, Spain. He also studied medicine and graduated in 1520. He then settled down as a doctor in his home town, Medina, living with his wife, Isabel Rodriguez, and becoming quite successful in business, even having his own warehouses of wine, and renting rooms to other merchants. He never had children. 

He became famous as a doctor, being well known in other cities of Spain.  He even went to the court of Philip II of Spain and saved the life of the prince,  Don Carlos, when he had an accident.  He was also famous as an inventor, and in 1563, he and another inventor named Francisco Lobato got a patent for a type of flour mill powered by water. 

Pereira
1500 births
1567 deaths
Spore is a computer game made by Will Wright. He also made The Sims and SimCity. It consists of five phases of gameplay, the cell, creature, tribal, civilization and space phases. It is a game in which the player is able to create and evolve a species from a germ into a galactic superpower. It was released on September 7, 2008 in America, and September 5 in Europe.
Initially, it was going to be 6 different phases, but they merged the city and civilization phases, so it's only 5 phases now.
One of the biggest parts of the game is the different editors. Almost all things in the game can be made by the player, from buildings in the civilization phase to the creature in the creature phase. The player uses different parts that he can place as he wants. He can also change things like size and "stretch" the parts. All these things made by players can be uploaded as pictures to the "sporepedia". A picture has all the info needed for the game to make the thing, and is very small in size, usually less than 30 kilobytes. This means, that a player can find a picture of a car made in Spore that he likes, copy it, and put it in the Spore folder. Then they can play with it.

All the different phases of the game offer many choices. Roughly, the player can choose to be peaceful, aggressive, or both. For example, in the creature phase, there is a choice to eat other animals, just fruit, or both. And in the civilization phase, there is a choice to be military, religious, economic, or a little of all of them.
2008 video games
Nintendo DS games
Wii games
Tilia is a genus of between 30 and 45 species of trees in the Northern Hemisphere, in Asia (where the greatest species diversity is found), Europe and eastern North America; it is absent from western North America.

The trees are generally called linden in North America, and lime in Britain. Both names are from the Germanic root lind. The modern forms in English went from linde or linne in Anglo Saxon and old Norse, and in Britain the word transformed more recently to the modern British form lime. In the United States, the modern German name Linde, from the same root, became more common, partly to avoid confusion with any other uses of the name.

Tilia species are large deciduous trees, reaching typically between 20m and 40m tall, some species grow as shrubs. Plants of this genus are found through the north temperate regions.
History
The Germanic tribes associated the Linden tree with the goddess Freya. Very often, these tribes held their assemblies, called Thing near or under such a tree. Often, trees that were standing alone somewhere were chosen. These assemblies were used to make laws. They usually lasted three days.

Species

 Tilia americana
 Tilia amurensis
 Tilia begoniifolia
 Tilia caroliniana  
 Tilia chinensis
 Tilia chingiana 
 Tilia cordata
 Tilia dasystyla 
 Tilia henryana
 Tilia heterophylla
 Tilia hupehensis 
 Tilia insularis 
 Tilia intonsa 
 Tilia japonica
 Tilia kiusiana 
 Tilia mandshurica
 Tilia maximowicziana 
 Tilia mexicana
 Tilia miqueliana 
 Tilia mongolica
 Tilia nasczokinii
 Tilia nobilis
 Tilia occidentalis
 Tilia oliveri
 Tilia paucicostata 
 Tilia platyphyllos
 Tilia rubra
 Tilia tomentosa
 Tilia tuan
Hybrids and cultivars
Tilia × euchlora (T. dasystyla × T. cordata)
Tilia × europaea Common Lime (T. cordata × T. platyphyllos; syn. T. × vulgaris)
Tilia × petiolaris (T. tomentosa × T. ?)
Tilia 'Flavescens' (T. americana × T. cordata)
Tilia 'Moltkei' (hybrid, unknown origin)
Tilia 'Orbicularis' (hybrid, unknown origin)
Tilia 'Spectabilis' (hybrid, unknown origin)

Uses
The tree produces fragrant and nectar-producing flowers, the medicinal herb lime blossom. They are very important honey plants for beekeepers, producing a very pale but richly flavoured monofloral honey. The flowers are also used for herbal tea, and this infusion is particularly popular in Europe.

Other websites 

 GRIN: Tilia 

Trees
Malvaceae
In mathematics and geometry, the Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system used to give the location of points on a plane by using two numbers for each point. It is also called the rectangular coordinate system. The numbers are usually called the  coordinate and the  coordinate or sometimes the abscissa and ordinate. To find the coordinates of a point, two perpendicular lines, called axes (singular: axis), are drawn. The point where the axes meet is the coordinate origin, written (0,0). The  coordinate gives the position of a point measured along the  axis, and the  coordinate gives the position along the  axis. 

Cartesian coordinates can be used in three dimensions (3D), by adding a third number, the  coordinate. In four dimensions (4D), a fourth number, the  coordinate, is added. Each coordinate represents a dimension of space.
Using the Cartesian coordinate system, many shapes, like straight lines and parabolas can be described by using algebraic equations. The results of the equations can be seen by plotting (drawing) a point for each solution to the equations. For example, the  axis is described by the equation . A circle having radius  and centered at the origin can be described with the equation  (see Figure 2).

The name Cartesian comes from the French mathematician and philosopher René Descartes (Latin: Cartesius), who worked to merge algebra and Euclidean geometry. This work was important in creating calculus and cartography.

The idea of this system was developed in 1637 in two works by Descartes. In part two of his Discourse on Method, Descartes explains plotting the position of a point or object on a surface, using two perpendicular axes as measuring guides. In La Géométrie (Geometry), he further explores these ideas.

Related pages

Polar coordinate system

Coordinate systems
In mathematics, the polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction.

The polar coordinate system is especially useful in situations where the relationship between two points is most easily expressed with angles and distance; in the more familiar Cartesian or rectangular coordinate system, such a relationship can only be found through trigonometric formulae.
As the coordinate system is two-dimensional, each point is determined by two polar coordinates: the radial coordinate and the angular coordinate. The radial coordinate (usually denoted as ) denotes the point's distance from a central point known as the pole (equivalent to the origin in the Cartesian system). The angular coordinate (also known as the polar angle or the azimuth angle, and usually denoted by θ or ) denotes the positive or anticlockwise (counterclockwise) angle required to reach the point from the 0° ray or polar axis (which is equivalent to the positive x-axis in the Cartesian coordinate plane).

History
History

The concepts of angle and radius were already used by ancient peoples of the 1st millennium BCE. Hipparchus (190-120 BCE) created a table of chord functions giving the length of the chord for each angle, and there are references to his using polar coordinates in establishing stellar positions.
In On Spirals, Archimedes describes the Archimedean spiral, a function whose radius depends on the angle. The Greek work, however, did not extend to a full coordinate system.
There are various accounts of the introduction of polar coordinates as part of a formal coordinate system. The full history of the subject is described in Harvard professor Julian Lowell Coolidge's Origin of Polar Coordinates. Grégoire de Saint-Vincent and Bonaventura Cavalieri independently introduced the concepts in the mid-seventeenth century. Saint-Vincent wrote about them privately in 1625 and published his work in 1647, while Cavalieri published his in 1635 with a corrected version appearing in 1653. Cavalieri first used polar coordinates to solve a problem relating to the area within an Archimedean spiral. Blaise Pascal subsequently used polar coordinates to calculate the length of parabolic arcs.
In Method of Fluxions (written 1671, published 1736), Sir Isaac Newton examined the transformations between polar coordinates, which he referred to as the "Seventh Manner; For Spirals", and nine other coordinate systems. In the journal Acta Eruditorum (1691), Jacob Bernoulli used a system with a point on a line, called the pole and polar axis respectively. Coordinates were specified by the distance from the pole and the angle from the polar axis. Bernoulli's work extended to finding the radius of curvature of curves expressed in these coordinates.

The actual term polar coordinates has been attributed to Gregorio Fontana and was used by 18th-century Italian writers. The term appeared in English in George Peacock's 1816 translation of Lacroix's Differential and Integral Calculus. Alexis Clairaut was the first to think of polar coordinates in three dimensions, and Leonhard Euler was the first to actually develop them.

Converting between polar and Cartesian coordinates
The polar coordinates r and φ can be converted to the Cartesian coordinates x and y by using the trigonometric functions sine and cosine:

The Cartesian coordinates x and y can be converted to polar coordinates r and φ with r ≥ 0 and φ in the interval (−, ] by:
 (as in the Pythagorean theorem.

Cylindrical coordinates

Cylindrical coordinates take the same idea that polar coordinates use, but they extend it further. To get a third dimension, each point also has a height above the original coordinate system. Each point is uniquely identified by a distance to the origin, called r here, an angle, called  (phi), and a height above the plane of the coordinate system, called Z in the picture.

Spherical coordinates

The same idea as is used by polar coordinates can also be extended in a different way. Instead of using two distances, and one angle only, it is possible to use one distance only, and two angles, called  and  (theta).

Related pages 
 Geographic coordinate system
 Spherical coordinate system
References

Other websites 
FooPlot (online function plotter in polar coordinates) 
Online conversion tool between polar and Cartesian coordinates

Coordinate systems
Gold or golden is a yellowish orange color, or orange-tan color that is a bit like the color of the metal gold. The actual color of the metal, used for example in gilding, is called Metallic gold. Gold paint can be made by mixing brown, yellow paint and orange paint.

The web color gold is sometimes referred to as golden in order to distinguish it from the element gold. The use of gold as a color term in traditional usage is more often applied to the color "gold (metallic)". 	 		
The first recorded use of golden as a color name in English was in the year 1300 to refer to the element gold and in 1423 to refer to blonde hair.

Meaning of gold 
 Gold represents wealth because the metal gold is valuable.

 Gold represents accomplishment, as when an athlete wins a Gold Medal at the Olympics or when a musician makes a Gold Record (a record that sells at least 1,000,000 copies).

Tones of golden color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
Cuba is divided into fourteen provinces and one special municipality.

List of provinces 

From west to east, Cuba's provinces are:
 Isla de la Juventud
 Pinar del Río
 Artemisa
 City of Havana (Ciudad de La Habana)
 Mayabeque
 Matanzas
 Cienfuegos
 Villa Clara
 Sancti Spíritus
 Ciego de Ávila
 Camagüey
 Las Tunas
 Granma
 Holguín
 Santiago de Cuba
 Guantánamo

Cuba's "special municipality" is the Isla de la Juventud ("Island of Youth"), known until the 1970s as the Isla de Pinos ("Isle of Pines") and previously as "Evangelista", "Isle of Santiago" and "Isle of Parrots".

History
History 

Prior to 1976, Cuba was divided into the following provinces (from west to east):
 Pinar del Río
 La Habana
 Matanzas
 Las Villas (before 1940, "Santa Clara")
 Camagüey (before 1899, "Puerto Príncipe")
 Oriente (before 1905, "Santiago de Cuba")
  
These provinces were used to be the following areas on the map: Pinar del Rio (item 2), La Habana (items 1, 3, 4), Matanzas (5), Las Villas (approximately 6, 7, and 8 on map), Camaguey (roughly 9 and 10) and Oriente (11, 12, 13, 14 and 15).

Demographics 
Pop. = Population. Source: Cuba census 2002

References

Other websites 
 Map of contemporary provinces of Cuba on webhavana.com 
 Cuban Census 2002
Singing  means making music with the voice.  Singing is probably the way that music started many thousands of years ago.  When people sing they make their voices go high or low.  If they do this in a way that uses notes of a scale then they make tunes, called songs.  A song, very broadly, is a musical piece, produced by the voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns of sound and silence and a variety which often includes repetition.

Many birds also sing. They are the passerines, a very large order often called the songbirds.

Singing technique
When people sing they use the air in the lungs. The pressure of the air that comes out of the lungs can be controlled with several respiratory muscles, including the muscle called the diaphragm which goes across the front of the body below the ribs. People who have singing lessons spend a lot of time practising “breath control”.
The air comes through the throat where the larynx is like a reed on a clarinet: it vibrates, controlling the passage of air, and this makes the note higher or lower depending on how it is controlled.

The sound comes into the mouth which is space where the sound can be made bigger (it “resonates”).  Professional singers even learn to think of the whole head as a resonator.  They sometimes talk about the “mask”, i.e. they imagine a mask in front of the face and this makes the sound bigger.  The sound then comes out of the mouth so that it can be heard.

Singing is different from speaking because of the special way the vocal cords in the throat are used.
Voice ranges
Most people can sing notes which cover more than an octave.  People who sing a lot will probably be able to sing over two octaves.  Singers can be called according to whether they have higher or lower voices: soprano, mezzo-soprano and contralto for women, tenor, baritone or bass for men.  Some men are able to train their voices to sing alto by using a falsetto voice.  Children’s voices are often called treble.

Types of singing
There are lots of different singing styles in the world.  Each one has a different technique.  In Western classical music singers learn to sing in a bel canto voice which uses lots of resonance in the head and makes a smooth sound.  Bel canto was used in Italian opera.  Later, in the 19th century, Richard Wagner wrote operas in which the singers needed to be more dramatic.  Opera singers today can have different kinds of voices: bel canto, lyrical, dramatic, coloratura (extremely high and light) etc.
In church choirs the singers are often trained to use a lot of head voice because this sounds beautiful in large cathedrals.

Pop singers generally have a different technique: their singing is more from the throat.  They do not need to develop powerful voices like opera singers because they sing into microphones so that their voices are electronically amplified (made louder).

Voices singing music from different parts of the world may sound very different.  Chinese singing sounds nasal (through the nose).  In Mongolia there is a technique of overtone singing which sounds rather like a finger being rubbed against the rim of a wineglass.  In Switzerland men often yodel.

Rap is a kind of singing in which the rhythm is the most important thing.  The pitch is high and low, but not to any particular notes.  Scat singing is rather like rap.

Acappella singing is vocal music specifically without instrumental accompaniment. The name is from Latin a (without) and cappella (musical accompaniment).
Cantata is a term that exclusively refers to accompanied singing, which is the exact opposite of Acappella.

Ways to enjoy singing
Singing is something that can be enjoyed by everybody.  A group of people singing together is often called a choir.  People can sing in choirs or smaller groups or on their own (solos).  People can sing for their own enjoyment (e.g. in the shower), or they can practise hard and sing in concerts to an audience.

Singing can be done alone ("a cappella") or it can be "accompanied" (usually with musical instruments).

Some people say they are “tone-deaf”, meaning that they cannot sing in tune.  But almost everybody can learn to sing if they try hard enough.

Related pages

Singer
The Amish are a group of people who live according to the Anabaptist tradition. They have a common history with other Baptist movements, such as the Mennonites.

The Amish are known for simple lifestyle, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt many conveniences of modern technology. The history of the Amish church began with a schism in Switzerland within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists in 1693 led by Jakob Ammann. Those who followed Ammann became known as Amish. In the second half of the 19th century, the Amish divided into Old Order Amish and Amish Mennonites. During the 20th century, the Amish Mennonites assimilated, and took several of the conveniences modern technology has to offer. The Old Order Amish on the other hand, kept much of their traditional culture. When people speak of Amish today, they usually mean the Old Order Amish. There were other smaller splits as well. At the end of the 20th century, there were  about 18 bigger groups of Amish.
Many of them emigrated to the United States. Today, most of the Amish live in Pennsylvania (Lancaster County), Indiana and Ohio, in the United States.  This can still be seen with family names. In Lancaster County, almost 25 percent of the Amish have the name Stoltzfus (or Stoltzfoos), other common Amish names are  Byler, Fisher, Petersheim, Lapp and King. In LaGrange, Indiana, most are named Borntrager, Miller or Schrock. In Allen County, Adams County, Indiana  the names Graber, Grabill/Kraybill and Schwartz are common.
Many Amish people prefer simple lifestyles. They are usually farmers. Many of the old order Amish saw that between the two world wars, cars became more common. This automatic mobility weakened the sense of belonging together, and owning a car was a means to stand out from the community.  For this reason, many groups forbid car ownership, they are less sceptical about using a car. Amish often live alongside other English settlers. In areas, where there are many Amish, there is also a number of taxi services, who will drive Amish people around.

Many Amish settlements are not connected to the electricity network. When they need electricity, they usually produce it themselves, often with diesel-powered engines. Many Amish do not allow posing for photographs; they say it is against their sense of humility and not standing out from the others. They are usually less strict about appearing on a photograph, where the person is not the subject of the picture).
Generally, they are friendly people in that they will wave to someone passing by. However, they live in rural Amish communities which are separate from mainstream American society. It is against their religion to pose for photographs. Often they will turn their head down and to the side if someone aims a camera in their direction.

Married men are not allowed to shave their beards, but they are also not allowed to have moustaches. Only unmarried men shave their faces.

Amish characters are in the movie Witness, starring Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis.
Amish education and language 
Many of the people who emigrated kept their language, which is a dialect of German and known as Pennsylvania German or Pennsylvania Dutch. In 2012, it was estimated that there were between 350.000 and 420.000 speakers of Pennsilvania German. Pennsylvania German was relatively common until the time before the Second World War, with an estimate of about 800.000 speakers. During the war, people frowned upon German speakers, so many speakers did not teach the language to their children. Only conservative Baptists, such as Amish and Mennonites withstood the pressure, and sill taught the language to their children.

After the Second World War, the Amish started to run  their own schools, where they teach their children, how to read, write, and calculate. Very often, they also learn German, to be able to read the religious texts. Subjects such as natural sciences, such as biology are not taught at school.

Related pages
Amish friendship bread

References
References

Bibliography 
 .
 Kraybill, Donald B., Karen M. Johnson-Weiner, and Steven M. Nolt, The Amish (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), 500 pp.
 .
 .
 .
 .
 Mackall, Joe: Plain Secrets: An Outsider among the Amish, Boston, Mass. 2007.
 .
 .

Anabaptism
Ethnic groups in the United States
Ohio
Pennsylvania

Simple living
Jeddah (also spelled Jedda, Jiddah, Jidda, or Juddah; جدّة Ǧiddah) is a Saudi Arabian city. It is on the coast of the Red Sea (21.50° N 39.1667° E). It is the major urban center in western Saudi Arabia. Jeddah is the largest city in the Western Province, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city Riyadh. The city has over 3.4 million people. It is seen as the business capital of Saudi Arabia and the richest city in the Middle East and western Asia.

Jeddah is the main gateway to Mecca, the holiest city of Islam, where able-bodied Muslims must go to at least once in a lifetime.

Sister cities 
Jeddah has 23 sister cities (aka "twin towns"):
Almaty, Kazakhstan
  Amman, Jordan
  Baku, Azerbaijan
  Alexandria, Egypt
  Cairo, Egypt
  Stuttgart, Germany
  Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  Jakarta, Indonesia
  Istanbul, Turkey
  Adana, Turkey
  Johor Bahru, Malaysia
  Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
  Karachi, Pakistan
  Mari, Turkmenistan
  Odessa, Ukraine
  Osh, Kyrgyzstan
  Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  Casablanca, Morocco
  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  Shimonoseki, Japan
  St. Petersburg, Russia
  Strasbourg, France
  Xi'an, People's Republic of China

References

 
6th-century BC establishments
Establishments in Saudi Arabia
Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was an English sea captain in the Royal Navy. He was born at the rectory of the village of Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk. 

Nelson commanded the British fleet during the Napoleonic Wars, fighting the French and Spanish. Nelson was blind in one eye, after being wounded in battle. During the Battle of Trafalgar, his greatest victory, he was killed by a French sniper.

Last words
At least three versions of his last words exist, and are shown in wikiquote. 

His most well-known last words are, "Kiss me, Hardy".

Another statement during his last hours was, "Thank God I have done my duty."
Alternatively, he may have said both of these statements; "Kiss me, Hardy" and Hardy kissed him on the cheek. Then Nelson said, "Now I am satisfied. Thank God I have done my duty." Then Hardy kissed him again on the forehead and Nelson called out, "Who is that?" Hardy replied, "It is Hardy." Then Nelson said, "God bless you, Hardy." Then he murmoured to those around him to look after Emma Hamilton and his daughter.

Most recently are accounts of his chaplain, Alexander Scott; his steward, Chevalier; and the purser, Walter Burke.  "Drink, drink. Fan, fan. Rub, rub" was a request to ease his symptoms of thirst, heat, and the pains of his wounds. 

Scott, who remained by Nelson as he died, recorded his last words as 'God and my country'.

References 

1758 births
1805 deaths
British admirals
British Barons
British Viscounts
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
People from Norfolk
United Kingdom Barons
United Kingdom Viscounts
Turquoise is the color of the gem turquoise.  It is a slightly greenish shade of cyan.  Turquoise is sometimes described as a mixture of pale blue and green.  The name comes from the French word for Turkish.

Meaning of turquoise 

 People who practise holistic medicine say that turquoise has a calming effect on patients.  They use this color to treat patients prone to panic attacks or mania. To a lesser degree, mainstream psychiatric hospitals also use turquoise and other light shades of blue and green to calm patients by painting the walls in these colors.
 "The Turquoise" is slang for the waters of the Caribbean.  In the sunlight these waters look turquoise because they are shallow.
 The color and gem stone represent Sagittarius.

Tones of turquoise color comparison chart

Related pages
 List of colors
The color amber is a yellow color. It got its name from the material known as amber. The amber color is halfway between yellow and orange on the color wheel.

The first recorded use of amber as a color name in English was in 1500.

Meaning of amber 
 Amber is used in traffic lights and turn signals.
 Amber is a symbolic color symbolizing energy.
 The color amber is associated with Zoroastrianism because of its practice of fire worship in fire temples (actually, the holy fire is simply a representation of the spiritual energy of God Ahura Mazda).
 The original Amber Room in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo near Saint Petersburg was a complete chamber decoration of amber panels backed with gold leaf and mirrors. Due to its singular beauty, it was sometimes dubbed the Eighth Wonder of the World.
 Amber is a color worn by Hull City AFC, an English Association football team. Also worn by Mansfield Town F.C.

Tones of amber color comparison chart

Related pages
 List of colors

References