Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Skiers also wear special boots, helmets, ski suits, and goggles. Ski equipment cannot have advertisements on it at the Paralympic Games. Ski boots are made to connect to the ski at the heel and toe. They help support the foot and ankle with the use of materials like hard plastics. All helmets used in races must be hard-shell helmets.

Types of skiing 
Para-alpine skiing types are downhill, Super-G, Giant Slalom, Slalom, Super Combined and Snowboard.  The rules are based on the rules of the International Ski Federation, though some rules have been adjusted for skiers with limited physical powers. While skiing, skiers go as quickly as  an hour.

Downhill
Downhill 

This is a go quickly based timed ski race, where skiers go over snow quickly down a sloping sharply direction that can be  to  lower than it started while having in it many turns and jumps. The first skier to finish is based on one run down the mountain, with the skier with the fastest time being the first.  Skiers move between gates in the downhill. Downhill has the least number of gates among all para-alpine types. If a skier does not ski between the gates, they do not finish. Some ski races make a skier first show they are good enough to ski. They can make this be seen in the downhill or Super-G.  Skiers can get points for competitions with skiers from other countries in races by International Ski Federation.  Skiers can race in the downhill at the Paralympic Games.
Skis for women must be at least  long. For men, skis must be at least  long. Women and men's skis need a least possible or recorded straight line from middle to edge circle turn of .  Skiers used curved narrow ski poles for this event. Men and women both need their skis to have a straight line from middle to edge circle of . Top speed in this event can be up to  an hour. Before the start of the race, the skier needs to do a practice run, and need to wear a helmet to keep safe during all their runs.

Super-G 
Made in the 1980s, the Super-G is less scientific with skiers going very fast. From top to bottom part of the mountain, skiers go down   to  high.  Acomparison to other para-alpine sking types, this type has a tendency to be mid-length. It is longer than the Giant Slalom and the Slalom but shorter than the downhill type.   In this type, skiers go quickly between alternating red and blue gates  that are  apart,  with men needing to go between 35 gates and women needing to go between 30 gates.
Giant Slalom 
With a drop of  to , this is one of the more need to be very correct when turning the para-alpine disciplines. This skiing type gets two runs down a straighter and shorter mountain than the downhill. It is longer and having fewer turns than the Slalom. After the first race down the mountain, the last 20% of finishers can be taken away from the competition at the authority of the judges. The starting order for the second run starts with the slowest of the top 15 skiers, with the fastest skier in the first race racing 15th. Any skiers who completed outside the top 15 then race based on their times from the first run. For example, the 18th fastest finisher in the first run skis 18th in the second run.  In some competitions,  an adjustment is made using 30 skiers instead of 15. The IPC/FIS run together make the rules for Slalom race. Giant Slalom is a race on the current Paralympic schedule. Skiers use straight ski poles in Giant Slalom.

Slalom
The name for this race is from a Norwegian word that is "sloping footway."  This event is the most complex ski discipline, with a drop of only   to  on an purposely iced mountain. This is the shortest of all the para-alpine race events and uses two different races with different directions down a mountain. Skiers go down each different race once, with their coming to an end position being marked based on their complete-time from both races.  There are gates in this race, about 55-75 for men and 40-60 for women, and if a skier does ski between the gate, they are unable to finish the race because of the rules. After the first race, the last 20% of finishers can be taken away from the competition at the authority of the judges. The starting order for the second run starts with the slowest of the top 15 skiers, with the fastest skier in the first run skiing 15th. Any skiers who completed outside the top 15 then skiers race based on their times from the first run
. For example, the 18th fastest finisher in the first run skis 18th in the second run.  Skiers use straight ski poles in this race. In some competitions that need to show people you should be allowed to race in it, a skier can show they should be allowed to race using finish race times from downhill, Slalom, or Super-G.   The IPC/FIS make the rules for Slalom.  Slalom is a race on the current Paralympic schedule. Skiers often wear extra protective equipment when racing in slalom.
Super Combined 
The Super Combined is a mix of two disciplines: Slalom and Super-G, or the downhill and the Slalom. In the event, skiers go down the downhill mountain race once and the Slalom mountain race twice. The three races are put together, with the fastest time for all three races being the skier who finishes first.

Snowboard 
Snowboard has drops between  and  for both men's and women's races with the race being run over a distance of  to . The race has alternating ski gates. The sport is only open to standing racers.

Classification
Para-alpine skiing classification is designed to give insurance equal competition between alpine skiers with different types of limited physical and seeing powers. The system of orders is grouped into three general conditions of being unable sorts: standing, unable to see, and sitting. The International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing is the boss of the classification. Skiers are put in order based on medical problems and their body position when they ski.  Skiers cannot see are valued only on a medical doctors saying how bad their vision is. Prior to International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing being in charge, several sport groups handled classification.  They included the  International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD), International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMWSF), International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) and Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA)
. Some order systems are persons given organizations other than International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing.  These order systems are not used in international competition. The sport is open to all competitors with a seeing or physical condition of being unable. It is not open to people with to do with intellectual disabilities.
The first order systems for para-alpine classification were made in Scandinavia, with early systems designed for skiers with amputations.  At the time, there was no ski tools for skiers with spinal cord wounds. The purpose of the early order systems was to be made from able to use your body but ended up being medical order systems. At the first Winter Paralympics in 1976, there were two systems of classification for the sport. By the 1980s, skiers with cerebral palsy had a classification system. At that time, with inspiration from wheelchair basketball order, efforts were made to make order more of an ability to use the body classification system.  Ten classes had existence by the 1980s. Since then, efforts have been made to make better the classification system by lowering the number of classes so fewer medals can be awarded.
A factoring system was made to come into existence for para-alpine skiing for three general groups: being seated, standing, and not seeing. Each group races against only people in the same group.  A skier can finish in the top three for only seated, standing, or not seeing.  People from one group do not race against other skiers in a different group.  Inside each group, there is a wide range of ability to move and medical problems or see.  Skiers are classed inside one of the three groups. The factoring system works by having a number for each class, where the results are worked out by increasing in number the look time by the factored number. The coming out number is used to decide on the one who came out best in events where the cause system is used. This means the quicker skier down a hill may not be the first event in events where the factor system is used. This means the faster skier down a hill may not be the winner of an event
. The factor system is used at Alpine Cup, North American Races, European Cup, World Cup races, World Championships, and the Winter Paralympics.
Notes

Sources 

  
 
  
  
  
  

Skiing
Sports for the disabled
The European badger (Meles meles) is a species of badger. Its genus is Meles. It is native to almost all of Europe. It is classed as Least Concern for extinction by the IUCN because of its wide distribution and large population.

The European badger is a social, burrowing animal. It eats a wide variety of plants and animals. It is very fussy over the cleanliness of its burrow, and defecates in latrines. It is known of European badgers that they bury their dead family members. Although they are ferocious when provoked, the European badger is generally a peaceful animal. It has been known to share its burrows with other species such as rabbits, red foxes and raccoon dogs. Although it does not usually prey on domestic animals, the species is sometimes reported to damage livestock through spreading bovine tuberculosis.

Reference
Reference

Other websites
 ARKive  Photographs and video
 Badgerland - The Definitive On-Line Guide to Badgers (Meles meles) in the UK
 Badgerwatcher.com - A guide to watching badgers in the UK
 Wildlifeonline - Natural History of the European Badger
 Lancashire Badger Group.
 Science & Nature: Animals , BBC.
 Badgers in the Netherlands, Badgergroup Brabant Foundation.
 Badger Survey in the Netherlands 2000-2001 , The Census Foundation.
 Waarneming.nl  Originally a Dutch site, but you can change language at the top of the page. Sightings, pictures and distribution maps of European badgers in the Netherlands.
 Badgers in France, L’assiociation Meles.
 A video of an adult european badger. This is a close up video showing their behaviour

Mustelids
Mammals of Europe
Outrigger skis are skis that are used by para-skiers to help with balance, turn, control their rate of motion, stop and make easier the direction of turns.   They be different in size and level, and have different things. Being dependent on the total number of skis used by the skier (1 or 2), outrigger ski form  is sometimes named "Three Track Skiing" or "Four Track Skiing".  When falling, skiers are taught to move their arms to put a stop to falling on the outrigger ski and damaging themselves.

References

Bibliography

Other websites
 

Skiing equipment
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (ICBC; ) is the largest bank in the world by profit and market capitalization. It is one of China's 'Big Four' state-owned commercial banks. The other three banks are Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and China Construction Bank.
It was founded on January 1, 1984. At first it was a private company. It had assets of RMB 12.55 trillion (US$1.9 trillion). It also had over 18,000 outlets including 106 overseas branches and agents globally. In 2013, it was ranked number 1 on Forbes Global 2000 list of world's biggest public companies.

References

Other websites
Financial Reports
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

1984 establishments in Asia
Banks of Asia
1980s establishments in China
The Swami Nellaiappar Temple () is a Hindu temple in the city of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. It is a the main centre of attraction in the city.

The Nellaiappar Temple is in the middle of Tirunelveli. It is surrounded by roads on all four sides. All the roads are filled with small stores, hotels and other small businesses. The other name for Tirunelveli is Nellai, which is derived from the god of this temple "Nellaiappar", means the Protector of Nellai.

The Nellaiappar Temple was constructed by Nindraseer Nedumaran who reigned in the 7th century A.D. There is a flower garden in the centre of the temple. In the centre of the garden, there is a square vasantha mandapam with 100 pillars. It is said that this whole place used to be full of bamboo trees and was destroyed, and so inside the temple they still have some bamboo trees.

Hindu temples
Temples in India
Tirunelveli district
7th-century buildings and structures
Cooling towers are towers that are used to transfer waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may use the evaporation of water to remove heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature. They may also use only air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature. Cooling towers are used in oil refineries, petrochemical plants and power stations, especially nuclear power stations. In a nuclear power plant, the cooling tower is isolated from the nuclear reactor by a heat exchanger, and the steam from the cooling tower is not radioactive. The cooling tower is usually the tallest and most visible part of a nuclear power plant, much taller than the reactor building or turbine hall. 

Towers
Engineering
Nuclear energy
HVAC
The Gakkel Ridge (formerly known as the Nansen Cordillera and Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge) is a mid-oceanic ridge. It is located in the Arctic Ocean between Greenland and Siberia. It is a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is  in length.  Geologically, it connects the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Laptev Sea Rift.

The existence and approximate location of the Gakkel Ridge were predicted by Soviet polar explorer Yakov Yakovlevich Gakkel. It was confirmed on Soviet expeditions in the Arctic around 1950. The ridge is named after him. The name was recognized in April 1987 by SCUFN (under that body's old name, the Sub-Committee on Geographical Names and Nomenclature of Ocean Bottom Features).

Reference
Reference

More reading
 Jokat, Wilfried, and Mechita C. Schmidt-Aursch. 2007. "Geophysical Characteristics of the Ultraslow Spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean". Geophysical Journal International. 168, no. 3: 983-998. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03278.x

Other websites
 Polar Discovery: Gakkel Ridge
 NOAA scientist and colleagues find hot springs in cold waters

Mountain ranges
Arctic
Oceanography
Autotransplantation is  transplanting tissues from one part of the body to another part of the same person. Skin grafts are a common example. 

Another example: a piece of bone (usually from the hip) is removed and ground into a paste when reconstructing another portion of bone.

Related pages
Xenotransplantation

Surgery
Animal tissues
Transplants
Xenotransplantation (from the Greek -  meaning "foreign"), is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another.

Related pages
Autotransplantation

References

Surgery
Organs
Animal tissues
Transplants
Eddie Koiki Mabo ( 29 June 1936 – 21 January 1992) was an Indigenous Australian activist from the Torres Strait Islands. He became well known for campaigning for indigenous land rights. In particular, he became famous for his role in an historic decision by the High Court of Australia in 1992, which overturned the idea that Australia was terra nullius (land belonging to nobody).

Early life 
Mabo was born as Eddie Koiki Sambo. He changed his surname to Mabo when he was adopted by his mother's brother, Benny Mabo. He was born on Mer (Murray Island) in the Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea. He worked on a number of jobs before becoming a gardener with James Cook University in Townsville, when he was 31 years old. The time he spent on the university campus had a major impact on his life. In 1974, Mabo was surprised to learn that his family did not legally own the land they lived on. In a conversation with Noel Loos and Henry Reynolds, he learned that legally that land belonged to the Crown.
Activism and legacy 
In 1981, a conference on land rights was held at James Cook University. Mabo made a speech to the audience where he explained the indigenous customary land inheritance system on Murray Island. One of the people who attended the conference, a lawyer, suggested they should make a case to claim land rights through the court system. A case was made, and took 10 years to reach a decision. Mabo died a few months before the decision. He died on 21 January 1992, of cancer at the age of 55.

Five months later, on 3 June 1992, the High Court overturned the legal doctrine of terra nullius - which was the term applied to the attitude of the British Empire towards land ownership on the continent of Australia. That decision is now commonly called "Mabo v Queensland" in Australia and is widely recognised for its importance. Later in 1992, Mabo was awarded the Australian Human Rights Medal for his work over many years to gain legal recognition for indigenous people's rights.
Three years after Mabo died, which is the traditional mourning period for the people of Murray Island, a memorial service was held in Townsville. Overnight, his grave was vandalised; it was spray-painted with swastikas and the word "abo" (a derogatory slang term for an Aboriginal person). His family decided to have his body reburied on Murray Island.

Related pages 
Aboriginal title

References

Other websites
 Mabo Papers at the National Library of Australia
 Biography by Gail Mabo, his daughter 
 Collection of art works by Edward Koiki Mabo - held and digitised by the National Library of Australia

1936 births
1992 deaths
Indigenous Australian activists
Cancer deaths in Queensland
People from Queensland
Cecilia Carolina Bolocco Fönck (born May 19, 1965 in Santiago) is a Chilean television presenter, actress, model, fashion designer and former Miss Universe 1987 of italian and german origin. She is the older sister of Diana Bolocco.

Television

Programs

TV series

Other websites 
 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from Santiago
Chilean models
Chilean television presenters
Chilean television actors
Fashion designers
Antenor Junior Fernandes da Silva Vitoria (born 4 October 1988 in Tocopilla) is a Chilean footballer of Brazilian descent who currently plays for Fußball-Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen as a striker.

International career 
He has been summoned to Chile national football team to face friendly matches during the second half of 2011 by team manager Claudio Borghi. He debuted in the national team on 11 September 2012, on a qualifying match for the 2014 FIFA World Cup against Colombia.

References

Other websites
 Junior Fernándes at Football Lineups
 BDFA Profile 

1988 births
Living people
People from Antofagasta Region
Chilean footballers
Johanns Alexander Dulcien Neira (born 26 March 1991) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays for the Chilean Primera División side Colo-Colo as an Attacking midfielder.

Other websites
BDFA Profile

1991 births
Living people
People from Antofagasta Region
Chilean footballers
Peter Browne (ca. 1594  1633) was a passenger on the Mayflower and a signer of the Mayflower Compact. In some records he was called Brown and others as Browne.<ref name="plimoth.org">A genealogical profile of Peter Browne, (a collaboration of Plimoth Plantation and New England Historic Genealogical Society accessed 2013) [http://www.plimoth.org/media/pdf/brown_peter.pdf] </ref>  He was baptized on January 26, 1594/5 in Dorking, Surrey, England. This was the same home town where William Mullins, another Mayflower passengers lived. Browne was a son of William Brown of Dorking.  He had an older sister and four brothers.
 
 The Mayflower Voyage 
 
Browne was around 25 when he boarded the Mayflower with the Mullins family. Unfortunately the Mullins family died shortly after they landed in the New World.
The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower saw land. The Mayflower was supposed to land in the Colony of Virginia, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

 In Plymouth Colony
An interesting incident regarding Browne took place in January 1621 while the Pilgrims were building their settlement of Plymouth. On January 12 Peter Browne, John Goodman and others had entered the forest in order to find thatch for their roofs. Sometime around noon, Browne and Goodman wandered further into the forest while the other men stayed behind to bundle the thatch.  They realized that Browne and Goodman were still in the forest and they went to the settlement and told the others. This caused about 10-12 men to search for them.  As it happened, Browne and Goodman were eating lunch when their dogs starting chasing a deer and they were soon lost. According to records, they walked all that afternoon and were wet, and at night it got very cold.  They had no weapons but had one sickle each.  At night they thought they heard lions in the forest and climbed a tree for shelter. They stayed by the tree that night in case they had to escape to safety
. The next day they finally climbed the highest hill they could find, were able to see where they were and were able to get back to the colony. Browne and Goodman finally arrived in Plymouth quite cold, frost-bitten, tired and hungry.  This was the first time they had gone into the forest in the New England.
In the Plymouth settlement of 1620, the house of Peter Browne was near that of John Goodman and was close to the harbor on the south side of the village street.

In the 1623 Division of Land, as a single man, Browne received one “acre” of land near a brook.  In that record, his name appears as “Peter Browen".  Sometime after the Division of Land, he married the widow Martha Ford.  She arrived in November 1621 on the ship Fortune as the only recorded woman on board.

 References 

George Ernest Bowman (1920).  The Mayflower Compact and its signers'',  (Boston: Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1920). Photocopies of the 1622, 1646 and 1669 versions of the document

1590s births
1633 deaths
Mayflower passengers
Ross Turnbull (born 4 January 1985) is an English footballer. He plays for Chelsea as a goalkeeper.

Early life
Ross attended Byerley Park Primary School and Woodham Community Technology College. He grew up supporting Newcastle United.

References

1985 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from County Durham
Premier League players
Football Champ is an arcade-style football video game. The game was developed by Taito in Japan. It was first released in arcades in 1990.

Other websites

1990 video games
Arcade games
Sports video games
The bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica)  is a water bird. It is a large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It breeds on Arctic coasts and tundra mainly in the Old World, and winters on coasts in temperate and tropical regions of the Old World.

Its migration is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird and also the longest journey without pausing to feed by any animal.

Migrations 

The bar-tailed godwit migrates in flocks to coasts in East Asia, Alaska, Australia, Africa, northwestern Europe and New Zealand, where the sub-species Limosa lapponica baueri is called Kūaka in Māori.
In 2007 birds in New Zealand were tagged and tracked by satellite to the Yellow Sea in China. According to Clive Minton (Australasian Wader Studies Group) "The distance between these two places is , but the actual track flown by the bird was ". The flight took about nine days.This is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird. At least three other bar-tailed godwits reached the Yellow Sea after non-stop flights from New Zealand.

One female in the flock, nicknamed "E7", flew onward from China to Alaska and stayed there for the breeding season. Then on 29 August 2007 she departed on a non-stop flight from the Avinof Peninsula in western Alaska to the Piako River near Thames New Zealand, setting a new known flight record of .

References 

Scolopacidae
Sandpipers are a large family of waders or shorebirds, the Scolopacidae. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. 

Sandpipers are small birds with a longish pointed beak, and usually a rounded shape. Most species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud, sand or soil. Different lengths of bills allow different species to feed in the same habitat on the coast without direct competition for food.

Sandpipers have long legs, and narrow wings. Most species have a narrow bill, but otherwise the form and length are quite variable. They are small to medium sized birds, measuring  cm in length. The bills are sensitive, allowing the birds to feel the mud and sand as they probe for food. They generally have dull plumage, with cryptic brown, grey, or streaked patterns, although some display brighter colours during the breeding season.
Most species nest in open areas, and defend their territories with aerial displays. The nest itself is a simple scrape in the ground, in which the bird usually lays three or four eggs. The young of most species are precocial.

References 

Scolopacidae
The Saint Helena plover (Charadrius sanctaehelenae), locally known as the wirebird, is a small bird (a plover) endemic to the island of Saint Helena.

The bird was first mentioned in 1638, and is the national bird of Saint Helena; it appears on the top half of the island's coat of arms. Some older coins of Saint Helena (before 1998) have the Wirebird on its reverse.

Description and biology 
The Saint Helena plover is the only bird species endemic to the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena that is still living.

It is a small bird (length: 15 cm) with long and thin legs, like wires; because of that, the bird is known as wirebird in Saint Helena.

Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius) is the Saint Helena bird's closest relative; for some authors, the Saint Helena Plover is a subspecies of the Kittlitz's plover but most zoologists think that they are two different species.
The Saint Helena plover spends most of its time on the ground and does not fly frequently; it is most commonly found in pairs, or sometimes in small groups of young birds, looking for food (snails, beetles and other invertebrates) in grassland o in semi-desert areas.

Breeding takes place throughout the year, but mainly during the dry season, from late September to January. The nest is on the ground where they lay two eggs. After leaving the nest, the young birds move throughout the island in small groups.

Range and habitat

The Saint Helena plover is endemic to the island of Saint Helena; it does not exist in any other place. Over the past 20 years, the species has used only  of the whole island. The best places in the island to see them are Deadwood and Properous Bay Plains and Woody Ridge.

Saint Helena plovers like areas of land with grasses (pastures) that are at middle elevations, mainly in flat, dry areas with low plants.
Threats and conservation
Because of changes in the use of the land and the introduction of predators (rats, cats, dogs and other species), the number of individuals of the Saint Helena plover is critically low. A census carried out during 2005 and 2006 showed that this species had been reduced in about 40 percent in just five years to only 235 individuals. There has since been a small increase in numbers, however.

The Saint Helena plover is protected by law on Saint Helena since 1894, and several organisations work to conserve this species; one of the organizations helping to conserve this species is The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, which has a project named "Enabling the people of St Helena to conserve the St Helena wirebird", as part of the Overseas Territories Environment Programme of the UK.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 St Helena National Trust - leading the conversation of the Wirebird 
 Website with information on the bird 
 Animal Diversity Web
  Catalogue of Life : Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
 ITIS Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
 World Birds Taxonomic List

Charadriiformes
Saint Helena
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
The Good Dinosaur is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama adventure movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It was the studio's sixteenth movie. It was released on June 19, 2015. The movie was directed by Peter Sohn.

Cast 
 Raymond Ochoa as Arlo, the youngest of the Apatosaurus family
 Jack Bright as Spot, a 6-7-year-old human caveman 
 Jeffrey Wright as Poppa Henry, father of the Apatosaurus family
 Frances McDormand as Momma Ida, mother of the Apatosaurus family
 Marcus Scribner as Buck, Arlo's brother
 Steve Zahn as Thunderclap, a Pteranodon
 Sam Elliott as Butch, a Tyrannosaurus
 A. J. Buckley as Nash, a Tyrannosaurus and Butch's son
 Anna Paquin as Ramsey, a Tyrannosaurus and Butch's daughter
 John Ratzenberger as Earl, a Velociraptor who is a member of Bubbha's pack

References
References 

2015 comedy-drama movies
2015 fantasy movies
2015 computer-animated movies
2010s American adventure movies
American animated movies
American family movies
2010s American fantasy movies
Movies about dinosaurs
Pixar movies
Jessica Sonya DiCicco (born June 10, 1980) is an American actress, singer and voice artist. She is perhaps best known for her voice acting in animated television shows and video games.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 

1980 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New York City
American child actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
American video game actors
Singers from Los Angeles
Singers from New York City
Richard "Dick" Trickle (October 27, 1941 – May 16, 2013) was an American race car driver. He raced for decades around the short tracks of Wisconsin, winning many championships along the way. Trickle competed in the ASA, ARTGO, ARCA, All Pro, IMCA, NASCAR, and USAC. In more than an estimated 2,200 races, Trickle logged one million laps and is believed to have won over 1,200 feature races.

Trickle was born on October 27, 1941 in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. He was never married and had no children. Trickle died on May 16, 2013 after shooting himself with a gun at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Boger City, North Carolina.

References

1941 births
2013 deaths
Suicides by firearm
NASCAR drivers
People from Wisconsin
Henrique Pereira Rosa (16 January 1946 – 15 May 2013) was a politician from Guinea-Bissau. He was interim President of Guinea-Bissau from 2003 to 2005. 

Rosa was born on 16 January 1946 in Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau. Rosa handed over power to Vieira on 1 October 2005.

Rosa stood as an independent candidate in the Guinea-Bissau presidential election, 2009, finishing in third place.

On 15 May 2013, Rosa died at a hospital in Porto, in northern Portugal, after losing a nine month battle with lung cancer. He was 67 years old.

References

1946 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Presidents of Guinea-Bissau
Paul Shane (George Frederick Speight; 19 June 1940 – 16 May 2013) was an English comedian and actor, best known for his television work such as playing the part of Ted Bovis in Hi-de-Hi!, a sitcom broadcast on the BBC in the mid 1980s.

Shane was born on 19 June 1940 in Thrybergh, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was married to Dory Shane until her death in 2001. They had three children. Shane died on 16 May 2013 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England from an illness, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 Official website 
 

1940 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Yorkshire
Comedians from Yorkshire
Disease-related deaths in England
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Peter John "P. J." Carlesimo (born May 30, 1949) is an American basketball coach. Most recently he was the interim head coach of the NBA's Brooklyn Nets.

Carlesimo was born on May 30, 1949 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He is the son of college basketball coach and athletic director Peter A. Carlesimo. Carlesimo studied at Fordham University. He is married and has two sons.

References

1949 births
Living people
National Basketball Association coaches
Sportspeople from Scranton, Pennsylvania
The Thaler (or Taler or Talir) was a silver coin that was used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. It was named after the "Joachimsthaler", a type of coin from the city of Joachimsthal (Jáchymov) in Bohemia. It is where the names "dollar" and "tolar" come from. The Thaler was first made in 1518. In Habsburg Spain and the Spanish Empire it was called "Peso". 

Coins
History of Europe
Ann Sheridan (Clara Lou Sheridan; February 21, 1915 – January 21, 1967) was an American actress. She worked regularly from 1934 to her death in 1967, first in movie and later in television. Notable roles include Angels With Dirty Faces (1938), The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942), Kings Row (1942) and I Was a Male War Bride (1949).

Sheridan was born Clara Lou Sheridan on February 21, 1915 in Denton, Texas. She studied at the University of North Texas. 

Sheridan was married to Edward Norris from 1936 until they divorced in 1939. Then she was married to George Brent from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then she was married to Scott McKay from 1966 until her death in 1967. She had one son, Richard that she gave up for adoption, but later located him when she was in poor health. The father of Richard is not known.

Sheridan died on January 21, 1967 in Los Angeles, California from esophageal cancer and liver cancer, aged 51. She is buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
 
 
 Interview with Ann Sheridan biographer
 Photographs and literature

1915 births
1967 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Deaths from liver cancer
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
Actors from Texas
People from Denton, Texas
Merian Caldwell Cooper (October 24, 1893 – April 21, 1973) was an American aviator, United States Air Force and Polish Air Force officer, adventurer, screenwriter, actor, movie director and producer. His most famous movie was the 1933 movie King Kong.

Cooper was born on October 24, 1893 in Jacksonville, Florida. He was of English descent. Cooper studied at the Lawrenceville School. He was married to Dorothy Jordan from 1933 until his death in 1973. They had one son, Maciej Słomczyński. Cooper died on April 21, 1973 in San Diego, California from cancer, aged 79.

Early life
Merian Caldwell Cooper was born in Jacksonville, Florida. His father, John C. Cooper, was a lawyer. His mother was Mary Caldwell. He was the youngest of three children. When he was six, Cooper heard stories from the book Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa. After that, he thought he would like to see the world. He went to The Lawrenceville School in New Jersey and finished in 1911.
After finishing school, Cooper was accepted to the U.S. Naval Academy, This was a great honor. He was kicked out during his final year for "hell raising and for championing air power." In 1916, Cooper worked reporting the news. He worked for the Minneapolis Daily News, where he met Delos Lovelace. Cooper also worked at the Des Moines Register-Leader and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Early military service

Georgia National Guard
Cooper joined the Georgia National Guard to capture Pancho Villa in Mexico in 1916. He finished military service in March 1917 to work for the El Paso Herald. When he went back to the Georgia National Guard, he was chosen to be a lieutenant, but he said no to the offer. He then went to the Military Aeronautics School in Atlanta to learn how to fly planes. He finished school with high marks.
World War I
In October 1917, Cooper went to France with the 201st Squadron. He went to flying school in Issoudun. While flying, Cooper hit his head and became unconscious while falling in the air. He went to Clermont-Ferrand to train again, but this time as a bomber pilot. After that, he became a pilot on the 20th Aero Squadron. It became the 1st Day Bombardment Group.

Cooper was a DH-4 bomber pilot with the United States Army Air Service during World War I. His plane was hit on September 26, 1918. Cooper lived but had many injuries. When German soldiers found him, they took him to a prisoner hospital

Captain Cooper stayed in the Air Service after the war. He worked with Herbert Hoover's American Food Administration that helped Poland. He became a leader of the Poland division.
Personal life
Cooper was the father of Maciej Słomczyński. Słomczyński was a Polish translator and writer. He took his step-father's name when his mother married. Cooper married film actress Dorothy Jordan on May 27, 1933. They kept their marriage a secret from Hollywood. A month later, journalists reported it. Cooper had a heart attack later that year. In the 1950s he supported Joseph McCarthy in his mission to root out Communists in Hollywood and Washington, D.C.

Cooper started Advanced Projects in his later life. He served as the head of the board. He wanted to explore new technologies like 3-D color television productions. Cooper died of cancer on April 21, 1973, in San Diego, California. His ashes were scattered at sea with full military honors.

References

Other websites

Family Tree
Cooper's polish-soviet war
1893 births
1973 deaths
Actors from Florida
American cinematographers
American military personnel of World War I
American military personnel of World War II
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
Cancer deaths in San Diego County
Writers from Florida
Military people from New Jersey
Fay Wray (born Vina Fay Wray; September 15, 1907 – August 8, 2004) was a Canadian-American actress. She is best known for playing Ann Darrow in King Kong. Her acting career spanned 57 years, Wray received international renown as an actress in horror movie roles.

In 1989, Wray received the Women in Film Crystal Award. Wray received a "Legend in Film" award at the 2003 Palm Beach International Film Festival. For her contribution to the movie industry, Wray received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6349 Hollywood Blvd. She received a star posthumously on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto on June 5, 2005.
A small park near Lee's Creek on Main Street in Cardston, Alberta, her birthplace, was named "Fay Wray Park". The small sign at the edge of the park on Main Street has a silhouette of King Kong on it, remembering her role in the film King Kong. A large oil portrait of Wray by Alberta artist Neil Boyle is on display in the Empress Theatre in Fort Macleod, Alberta. In May 2006, Wray became one of the first four entertainers to ever be honored by Canada Post by being featured on a postage stamp.

Two days after her death, the lights of the Empire State Building were extinguished for 15 minutes in her memory.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 Northern Stars 
 CBC.ca News: Fay Wray dies at 96
 Literature on Fay Wray

Actors from Alberta
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
1907 births 
2004 deaths
Jonathan Daniel "Jon" Hamm (born March 10, 1971) is an American actor and director. He is known for his role as Don Draper in Mad Men.

Hamm was born on March 10, 1971 in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at the University of Missouri. Hamm was partners with Jennifer Westfeldt from 1997 until 2015. Hamm is a Democrat. In 2023, he married actress Anna Osceola.

References

Other websites

 Jon Hamm at Emmys.com

1971 births
Living people
Democrats (United States)
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Kelly Gallagher (born 24 April 1987) is a skier from Northern Ireland. She has a disability: she cannot see everything.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the women's visually impaired slalom race.  She was the third skier to finish in the women's slalom race. Because she cannot see, Charlotte Evans was her guide and told her where to go when going down the mountain.

References

1987 births
Living people
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Northern Irish sportspeople
Skiers
Charlotte Evans is a skier from the United Kingdom. She helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Kelly Gallagher.  They were the second skiers to finish in the women's visually impaired slalom race.  They were the third skiers to finish in the women's slalom race.

References

Sportspeople from Kent
Skiers
Living people
Sighted guides
Andrea Rothfuss (born 20 October 1989 in Freudenstadt) is a skier from Germany. She has a disability: she was born without a left hand.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the first skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and the slalom race.  She was the second skier to finish in the Super Combined.  She was the third skier to finish in the Super G race and the Giant Slalom Race.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Living people
1989 births
German skiers
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
Frankenweenie is a 2012 American 3D stop-motion animated supernatural comedy-horror family movie directed by Tim Burton. It stars Charlie Tahan, Martin Short, Catherine O'Hara, Martin Landau, Atticus Shaffer and Winona Ryder. It was nominated for many awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. It was released on October 5, 2012. Roger Ebert gave the movie 3/4 stars. It is a remake of a 1984 short film by Burton. It was released by Walt Disney Pictures.

2012 movies
2012 animated movies
American animated movies
2010s comedy movies
American comedy movies
American horror movies
Black-and-white movies
Disney movie remakes
Movies about dogs
Movies directed by Tim Burton
Movies produced by Allison Abbate
Movies composed by Danny Elfman
2010s English-language movies
Marie Bochet (born February 9, 1994 in Chambéry) is a skier from France.  She was 5 when she started skiing.  She has a disability.  She was the first skier to finish in the Giant Slalom race.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and the  Super G.

Bocket skiied in the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia, where she won four gold medals.

References

French skiers
Living people
1994 births
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
French sportspeople with disabilities
People from Chambéry
Sportspeople from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes‎
Bergen is a city in Norway.

Bergen might also mean:

Mons, a town in Belgium that is called Bergen in Flemish
Bergen County, New Jersey
A type of backpack
A Christmas Carol is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated fantasy comedy-drama Christmas movie. It was directed and written by Robert Zemeckis. It stars Jim Carrey, Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Bob Hoskins, Robin Wright and Cary Elwes. The movie was released on November 6, 2009. It was based on the Charles Dickens book A Christmas Carol. Roger Ebert gave it 3/4 stars.

2009 animated movies
2009 3D movies
2009 comedy-drama movies
2000s American fantasy movies
American animated movies
Christmas movies
Disney movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies based on books by Charles Dickens
Movies directed by Robert Zemeckis
Puss In Boots is a 2011 animated movie. It's a spin-off of the Shrek franchise. It follows the character Puss in Boots, who first appeared in Shrek 2. It is about his adventures before the events of Shrek 2.

The movie was directed by Chris Miller, produced by Guillermo del Toro, and written by Brian Lynch. It stars Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots, Zach Galifianakis as Humpty Dumpty, Salma Hayek as Kitty Softpaws, and Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris as Jack and Jill. Like the Shrek movies, this movie is a parody of fairy tales.

Home media release 
Puss in Boots was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on February 24, 2012. The movie has a short animation called Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos. 7.2 million home entertainment units have been sold worldwide.
Another featured extra short is "Klepto Kitty"; a three-minute profile of Dusty the Klepto Kitty, a notorious cat in California who steals items from neighbors' yards. Some of it was filmed on a night vision kitty-cam, hung around Dusty's neck by the Animal Planet network for their own documentary.

Sequel
A sequel titled Puss in Boots: The Last Wish was released on December 21, 2022.

References

Other websites
Official website 
Puss in Boots at the Internet Movie Database

2011 animated movies
American animated movies
Movie spin-offs
Prequel movies
Shrek
2010s English-language movies
Movies about cats
Solène Jambaqué (born April 14, 1988) is a skier from France.   She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the third skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and was the first skier to finish in the Super G race and Super Combined race.

References

French skiers
Living people
1988 births
French sportspeople with disabilities
Sportspeople from Toulouse
Our Lady of La Salette is a title given to the Virgin Mary who is believed to have appeared at the village of La Salette, France. The Marian apparition was reported by two children, Maximin Giraud, and Melanie Calvat. In French she is called .

History 

On 19 September 1846, Maximin Giraud and Melanie Calvat reported seeing the Virgin Mary weeping on Mount Sous-les Baisses. According to their account, the Virgin Mary continued to weep as she spoke to them, first in French, then in their own dialect. After the woman spoke to them, she vanished. The following day the children's account of the apparition was put into writing and signed by the children and those who had heard the story.

Recognition
Recognition 

When Maximin and Melanie made the woman's message public, it caused a sensation in the community. Soon thereafter, the bishop of Grenoble began to investigate the apparition. During the investigation, several accusations were made against the children. One of the accusations was that the apparition was just a young woman named Lamerliere. In 1851, the bishop said that the apparition was worthy of belief. This was the first step in approval by the Catholic church.

The visionaries sent two secrets to Pope Pius IX - one given to each of them, which they never revealed to one another. The Pope never made the two secrets public. However Melanie published the secrets in a pamphlet with the local bishop's approval. The Church condemned the published secret. Melanie, later in life, was known to have been disturbed by reading apocalyptic books and similar materials.
Message 
John Paul II stated: As I wrote on the occasion of the 150th anniversary, "La Salette is a message of hope, for our hope is nourished by the intercession of her who is the Mother of mankind".

The message of the visionaries of La Salette focuses on the conversion of all humanity to Christ. Though La Salette's message is embedded in the bygone environment of the nineteenth century, rural France, it has had a tremendous impact on the modern world. Saints (for example, John Vianney), pastors (such as Don Bosco), and religious writers (like J.K. Huysmans) have all been influenced by La Salette. The spirit of La Salette is one of prayer, conversion, and commitment.

References

Marian apparitions
1840s in France
Petra Smaržová (born 4 June 1990) is a skier from Slovakia.  She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the standing women's slalom race and giant slalom race.

Samarzova also took part in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she again competed in the Giant Slalom. She is coached by Peter Matiasko and Branislav Mazgut.

References

1990 births
Living people
2014 Winter Olympics
Slovakian skiers