Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
From 2011 
 2011 – Juan María Bordaberry, President of Uruguay (b. 1928)
 2011 - Takaji Mori, Japanese footballer (b. 1943)
 2013 - Vincenzo Cerami, Italian screenwriter and producer (b. 1940)
 2014 - John Walton, Australian actor (b. 1952)
 2014 - Ross Burden, New Zealand chef (b. 1968)
 2014 - Andries P Putter, South African naval officer (b. 1935)
 2014 - Elaine Stritch, American actress (b. 1925)
 2014 - Otto Piene, German artist (b. 1928)
 2014 - Henry Hartsfield, American astronaut (b. 1933)
 2014 - On board Malaysia Airlines Flight 17:
Liam Davison, Australian writer (b. 1957)
Shuba Jay, Malaysian actress (b. 1976)
Pim de Kuijer, Dutch columnist and lobbyist (b. 1981)
Joep Lange, Dutch physician (b. 1954)
Willem Witteveen, Dutch legal scholar and politician (b. 1952)
 2015 - Owen Chadwick, English rugby player, historian, writer and theologian (b. 1916)
 2015 - John H. Gibbons, American scientist (b. 1929)
 2015 - Van Miller, American football announcer (b. 1927)
2015 - John Taylor, English jazz pianist (b. 1947)
 2015 - Jules Bianchi, French racing driver (b. 1989)
 2016 - Wendell Anderson, American politician, Governor of Minnesota (b. 1933)
 2016 - Gary S. Paxton, American record producer and singer-songwriter (b. 1939)
 2017 - Harvey Atkin, Canadian actor (b. 1942)
 2017 - Raymond Sackler, American physician and philanthropist (b. 1920)
 2018 - Gary Beach, American actor (b. 1947)
 2018 - Rita Bhaduri, Indian actress (b. 1955)
 2018 - Yvonne Blake, British-Spanish costume designer (b. 1940)
 2019 - Andrea Camilleri, Italian writer (b. 1925)
 2019 - Pumpsie Green, American baseball player (b. 1933)
 2019 - Wesley Pruden, American journalist (b. 1935)
Observances 
 Constitution Day (South Korea)
 Independence Day (Slovakia)
 King's birthday (Lesotho)
 World Day for International Justice (After the day when the Rome Statute to International Criminal Court is adopted)
 World Emoji Day

Days of the year
Vegetables are parts of plants that are eaten by humans as food as part of a meal. This meaning is often used: it is applied to plants to mean all edible plant matter, including the flowers, fruits, stems, leaves, roots, and seeds.

Carrots and potatoes are parts of the root of the plants, but since they are eaten by humans, they are vegetables. They are not in the same category as a fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. Tomatoes are often thought of as vegetables, but because they have seeds, they are, botanically, fruits. Vegetables are an important part of people's diet. Vegetables and fruits are sometimes called produce. Vegetables have vitamins A, B, C, D, minerals and carbohydrates.

The USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends eating five to nine servings of fruit and vegetables everyday. The total amount eaten varies depending on age and gender.

Etymology
Etymology

The word vegetable was first recorded in English in the early 15th century. It comes from Old French. It is gotten from Medieval Latin vegetabilis "growing, flourishing" (i.e. of a plant).

The meaning of "vegetable" as a "plant grown for food" was not accepted until the 18th century. The year 1955 saw the first use of the slang term "veggie".

Terminology
The word "vegetable" can also be used to mean plants in general, such as when people say "Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral."

However, in an Asian context, 'vegetable' may mean any plant produce, apart from grain and nuts, that is eaten cooked, while only the fruits eaten raw are considered as 'fruits'. For example, an artichoke is thought to be a vegetable, while a melon has the features of a fruit.
"Fruit" has a botanical meaning. Peaches, plums, and oranges are known as "fruits". Many plants commonly called "vegetables", such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes, are fruits in botany. The question of is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable was asked in the United States Supreme Court in 1893. The court ruled that a tomato is, and thus taxed as, a vegetable. This was for the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce. But the court knew that a tomato is a fruit in botany.

History

Before agriculture, humans were hunter-gatherers. They looked for fruit, nuts, stems, leaves, corms, and tubers, scavenged for dead animals and hunted living ones for food. Growing crops in a forest clearing is thought to be the first example of agriculture. Useful types of plant were grown while unwanted plants were removed. Plant breeding through the selection of plant with wanted characteristics such as large fruit and fast growth soon started.
It is likely that many people around the world started growing crops in the period 10,000 BC to 7,000 BC. Subsistence agriculture was the earliest form of agriculture. It involves the growing of crops by people to produce enough food for their families. Anything left is used for exchange for other goods.

Throughout history, the rich have been able to afford different kinds of food including meat, vegetables and fruit. But for poor people, the food they ate was very dull. It is usually made up of mainly some staple product made from rice, rye, barley, wheat, millet or maize. The addition of vegetable gave some variety to the diet.

Some common vegetables

Nutrition and health 

Vegetables are very important in human nutrition. Most vegetables are low in calories but are large and filling. They are a source of dietary fiber, essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements.
When people eat more vegetables, it reduces the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic ailments. The amount of nutrients of each vegetable is different. Some have useful amounts of protein though and varying proportions of vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin K, and vitamin B6, provitamins, minerals; and carbohydrates.

Vegetables are commonly eaten raw. It may become contaminated when they are made by an infected food handler. Hygiene is important when handling foods to be eaten raw. These vegetables need to be properly cleaned, handled, and stored to stop contamination.

Production

Cultivation
Cultivation

Vegetables have been big part of what humans eat. Some vegetables are perennial crops but most are annual and biennial crops. Cultivation of vegetables follows a particular pattern. The pattern is usually followed like this:
 Preparation of the soil by loosening it
 Removing or burying weeds
 Adding organic manures or fertilizers
 Sowing seeds or planting young plants
 Taking care of the crop while it grows to reduce the weeds, control pests, and provide enough water
 Harvesting the crop when it is ready
 Sorting, storing, and marketing the crop or eating it fresh from the ground

On a small garden, tools like the spade, fork, and hoe are used. On commercial farms, mechanical equipments are used. These include tractors, ploughs, harrows, transplanters, cultivators, irrigation equipment, and harvesters.

Harvesting
Harvesting

When a vegetable has matured it is ready to be harvested for storage or sale. There should be little damage and bruising to the crop when harvesting. Before storage or sale, damaged goods should be removed and produce should be picked according to its quality, size, ripeness, and color.

Storage
All vegetables have to be stored to make them available all year round. A large proportion of vegetables are lost after harvest during the storage period. The main causes of loss include spoilage caused by moisture, moulds, micro-organisms, and pests.

Storage can be short-term or long-term. During storage, leafy vegetables lose moisture, and the vitamin C in them is lost quickly.

Cold storage is useful for vegetables like cauliflower, eggplant, lettuce, radish, spinach, potatoes, and tomatoes. Storage of fruit and vegetables in controlled atmospheres with high levels of carbon dioxide or high oxygen levels can stop microorganisms from growing.
Preservation
The reason why vegetables are preserved is to make them available all year round. The goal is to harvest the food when it is mature with a high nutritional value, and preserve these qualities for a longer period of time. The main causes of spoilage during storage are the actions of naturally-occurring enzymes and micro-organisms. There are many ways to preserve vegetables and they are:
 Canning: First, the enzymes and the micro-organisms in vegetables are destroyed by heat. The sealed can prevents air from going to the food to prevent the decomposition of food. The lowest necessary heat and the minimum processing time are used in order to prevent the breakdown of the product. It is also done to preserve the flavor for a long time. One can now store the can at room temperature for a long time.
Freezing vegetables to below −10 °C (14 °F) will stop them from spoiling for a short period of time. But freezing vegetables to below −18 °C (0 °F) will stop them from spoiling for a longer period of time. Not all micro-organisms will be killed at these temperatures so after thawing the vegetables should be used be used immediately because any microbes there will start to grow.
Traditionally, sun drying has been used for hundreds of years. Some vegetables such as tomatoes, mushrooms, and beans, can be sun dried by spreading the vegetables on racks under the Sun. But modern sun drying uses solar powered driers.
Fermentation is another method of preserving vegetables for later use. Sauerkraut is made from chopped cabbage and depends on lactic acid bacteria which make compounds that stops other micro-organisms from growing.
High levels of both sugar and salt can preserve food by stopping micro-organisms from growing. Green beans can be salted by covering the beans with salt. But this method of preservation is not used for other vegetables. Marrows, beetroot, carrot, and some other vegetables can be boiled with sugar to create jams.
Top producers

In 2010, China was the largest vegetable producing nation, with over half the world's production. India, the United States, Turkey, Iran, and Egypt were the next largest producers. Here is a table with the needed information.

References
Olivine (or chrysolite) is a silicate mineral made of magnesium iron silicate with the formula .

It ranges in colour from chartreuse green to pale olive.  In its gem form, it is called peridot.

Dunite contains (or has) over 90%+ olivine in it.  Dunite and other peridotite rocks are major constituents of the Earth's mantle above a depth of about 400 kilometers. Dunite is rarely found on land, except where slabs of mantle rock from a subduction zone have been thrust onto continental crust. 
Olivine has also been found at several extraterrestrial locations, such as the moon and many passing space rocks - as well as the outer layers of dust orbiting young stars.

Minerals
Igneous rocks
Up to 1900 
 44 BC – Comet Caesar is discovered by Chinese astronomers.
 332 - Emperor Constantine announces distributions of food to citizens in Constantinople.
 1152 – Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
 1388 - During the Battle of Buyur Lake, General Lan Yu leads a Chinese army forward to crush the Mongol hordes of Toghus Temur, the Khan of Northern Yuan.
 1498 – Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut, in southern India.
 1499 – Alonso de Ojeda sets sail from Cadiz on a voyage to present-day Venezuela.
 1565 – The Siege of Malta begins as the Ottomans unsuccessfully attempt to conquer Malta.
 1631 – John Winthrop becomes the 1st Governor of Massachusetts.
 1652 – Rhode Island passes the first law in North America that declares Slavery illegal.
 1756 – The Seven Years' War begins as Great Britain declares war on France.
 1763 – Fire destroys a large part of Montreal.
 1803 – Napoleonic Wars: The United Kingdom declares war on France.
1804 - Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed Emperor of France by the French Senate.
 1811 – Uruguayan forces under José Artigas defeat Spanish colonial troops in the Battle of Las Piedras.
 1812 – John Bellingham is sentenced to death for killing Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Spencer Perceval.
 1843 – Disruption in Edinburgh of the Free Church of Scotland from the Church of Scotland.
 1848 - Opening of the first National Assembly of Germany opens in Frankfurt.
 1860 – Abraham Lincoln wins the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States, ahead of William H. Seward.
 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins.
 1869 - One day after surrendering at the Battle of Hakodate, Emomoto Takeaki turns over Goryokaku to Japanese forces, signaling the collapse of the Republic of Ezo.
 1896 – Khodynka tragedy: Mass panic at the coronation celebration of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in Moscow results in 1,389 people being killed.
 1900 – The UK declares Tonga a British protectorate.
1901  2000 
 1910 – Earth passes through the tail of Halley's Comet.
 1912 – The first Indian movie, Shree Mandalik, is released in Bombay.
 1927 – Bath School disaster: 45 people are killed by bombs planted by Andrew Kehoe, who is also killed, at Bath School in Michigan.
 1944 – World War II: German paratroopers abandon Monte Cassino after severe fighting.
 1944 – Deporting of Crimean Tatars by the Soviet Government begins.
 1951 – In Lund, Sweden, Tetra Pak is introduced, developed by Erik Wallenberg, through an idea by Ruben Rausing.
 1953 – Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier.
 1955 - End of Operation Passage to Freedom: An evacuation of 310,000 Vietnamese civilians, soldiers and non-Vietnamese members of the French army from Communist North Vietnam to South Vietnam ends, following the end of the First Indochina War.
 1956 – First ascent of Lhotse, in the Himalayas, at 8,516 metres above sea level, by a Swiss team.
1958 - An F-104 starfighter sets a world speed record at 1,404.19 miles per hour (2,259.82 kilometres per hour). 
 1969 – Apollo 10 is launched.
 1974 – India tests nuclear weapons.
 1974 – The Warsaw radio mast is completed. It collapses on August 8, 1991.
 1980 – South Korean students in Gwangju begin pro-democracy protests, which are violently crushed, killing 297.
 1980 – Mount St. Helens in Washington state erupts. A large amount of destruction is caused as many trees and wildlife die, and darkness falls over the nearby area. 57 people are killed, including Harry Randall Truman, who famously refused to leave the area prior to the eruption. It is the costliest volcanic disaster in US history.
 1990 - In France, a modified TGV train achieves  a new rail world speed record of 515.3 kilometers per hour/320.2 miles per hour.
 1991 – Northern Somalia declares independence as the Republic of Somaliland, which, to this day, remains unrecognised internationally.
1991 – Helen Sharman becomes the first Briton in space.
 1993 - In Denmark, most voters support the Maastricht Treaty, after previously rejecting it in 1992.
 1995 – Former United States Army veteran Shawn Nelson goes on a tank rampage in San Diego, California.
 1996 - Eimear Quinn, representing Ireland, wins the 41st Eurovision Song Contest in Oslo, Norway. It is Ireland's 4th win in 5 contests.
 1999 - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi becomes President of Italy.
From 2001 
 2005 – The Hubble Space Telescope confirms the discovery of Pluto's moons Nix and Hydra.
 2009 – The Sri Lankan Civil War comes to an end, as government forces defeat the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
 2012 – Facebook puts its shares onto the Stock Exchange.
 2013 - In Malmo, southern Sweden, Emmelie de Forest wins the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 for Denmark, with the song Only Teardrops.
 2015 - A landslide in Salgar, Colombia, kills at least 52 people.
 2018 - 10 people are killed in the Santa Fe High School shooting in Texas.
 2018 - Cubana de Aviacion Flight 972 crashes shortly after take-off from Havana Airport in Cuba, killing 110 people.
 2019 - 2019 Australian federal election: Scott Morrison's conservative coalition scores an unexpected victory in a closely fought election over the Australian Labor Party under Bill Shorten.
2019 - Freedom Party leader Heinz-Christian Strache resigns as Vice-Chancellor of Austria after a video emerges of him being involved in a corruption controversy; Chancellor Sebastian Kurz calls for an early election.
 2019 - The 64th Eurovision Song Contest is held in Tel Aviv, Israel, and is won by Duncan Laurence of the Netherlands; this is the first Dutch victory of the contest since 1975.
Up to 1900 
 1048 – Omar Khayyam, Persian mathematician, poet and philosopher (d. 1131)
 1186 – Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218)
 1610 – Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (d. 1664)
 1692 - Joseph Butler, English philosopher and bishop (d. 1752)
 1778 - Andrew Ure, Scottish physician and chemist (d. 1857)
 1781 - David Hazzard, Governor of Delaware (d. 1864)
 1788 - Hugh Clapperton, Scottish naval officer and explorer (d. 1827)
 1797 – King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony (d. 1854)
 1822 – Matthew Brady, American photographer (d. 1896)
 1848 – Hermann Alexander Diels, German philologist (d. 1922)
 1850 - Oliver Heavside, English physicist (d. 1925)
 1851 – James Budd, 19th Governor of California (d. 1908)
 1852 - Gertrud Kaesebier, American photographer (d. 1934)
 1854 - Bernard Zweers, Dutch composer and music teacher (d. 1924)
 1862 - Josephus Daniels, 41st United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1948)
 1868 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (d. 1918)
1872 – Bertrand Russell, British philosopher (d. 1970)
 1873 - Lucy Beaumont, British actress (d. 1937)
 1876 – Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1931)
 1878 - Johannes Terwogt, Dutch rower (d. 1977)
 1882 - Babe Adams, American baseball player (d. 1968)
 1883 – Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President of Brazil (d. 1974)
 1883 – Walter Gropius, German architect (d. 1969)
 1887 - Jeanie MacPherson, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1946)
 1889 – Gunnar Gunnarsson, Icelandic writer (d. 1975)
 1889 – Thomas Midgley, Jr., American chemist and inventor (d. 1944)
 1891 – Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (d. 1970)
 1892 - Ezio Pinza, Italian bass (d. 1957)
 1895 - Augusto César Sandino, Nicaraguan rebel leader (d. 1934) 
 1896 - Eric Backman, Swedish long-distance runner (d. 1965)
 1897 – Frank Capra, American movie director (d. 1991)
1901  1950 
 1901 – Vincent du Vigneaud, American chemist (d. 1978)
 1902 - Meredith Wilson, American composer (d. 1984)
 1904 - Jacob K. Javits, American politician (d. 1986)
 1907 - Irene Hunt, American children's writer (d. 2001)
 1909 – Fred Perry, British tennis player (d. 1995)
 1911 – Big Joe Turner, American blues musician (d. 1985)
 1912 – Walter Sisulu, South African activist (d. 2003)
 1912 – Perry Como, American singer (d. 2001)
 1912 – Richard Brooks, American director (d. 1992)
 1913 – Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President of India (d. 1996)
 1913 – Charles Trenet, French singer and songwriter (d. 2001)
 1914 - Georg von Tiesenhausen, German-American rocket scientist (d. 2018)
 1914 - Robert J. Wilke, American actor (d. 1989)
 1914 - Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)
 1917 - Bill Everett, American comic book writer and artist (d. 1973)
 1919 – Margot Fonteyn, British dancer (d. 1991)
 1920 – Pope John Paul II (d. 2005)
 1920 - Lucia Mannucci, Italian singer and actress (d. 2012)
1922 - Mario Casalinuovo, Italian politician (d. 2018)
 1922 - Bill Macy, American actor
 1922 - Kai Winding, Danish-American trombonist and composer (d. 1983)
 1923 – Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
 1924 - Priscilla Pointer, American actress
 1926 - Martin Bregman, American film producer (d. 2018)
 1928 - Pernell Roberts, American actor (d. 2010)
 1931 - Kalju Pitksaar, Estonian chess player (d. 1995)
 1933 - H. D. Deve Gowda, former Prime Minister of India
 1933 – Bernadette Chirac, former First Lady of France
 1934 - Dwayne Hickman, American actor and television presenter (d. 2022) 
 1936 - Rita Cadillac, French dancer, singer and actress (d. 1995)
 1937 – Jacques Santer, Luxembourg statesman
 1938 - Joan Blackman, American actress
 1939 – Giovanni Falcone, Italian magistrate and anti-Mafia judge (d. 1992)
 1939 - Peter Grünberg, German physicist (d. 2018)
 1941 – Miriam Margolyes, British actress
 1942 – Albert Hammond, British musician
 1942 – Nobby Stiles, English footballer
1946 – Frank Hsieh, Taiwanese Premier
 1946 - Bruce Gilbert, English guitarist
 1946 - Gerd Langguth, German political scientist and author (d. 2013)
 1946 - Ameril Umbra Kato, Filipino warlord (d. 2015)
 1947 – John Bruton, Irish Taoiseach
 1948 - Tom Udall, American politician
 1949 - Bill Wallace, Canadian bassist
 1949 – Rick Wakeman, British musician
 1950 – Thomas Gottschalk, German entertainer
 1950 - Mark Mothersbaugh, American singer, musician and composer
1951  1975 
 1951 - Angela Voigt, German long jumper (d. 2013)
 1951 - Ben Feringa, Dutch chemist, Nobel laureate
 1952 - Jeana Yeager, American pilot
 1953 - Alan Kupperberg, American comic book artist (d. 2015)
 1955 – Chow Yun-Fat, Hong Kong actor
 1956 - Catherine Corsini, French movie director and screenwriter
 1957 - Michael Cretu, German-Romanian musician
 1958 – Toyah Willcox, British actress and singer
 1958 - Ruben Omar Romano, Argentine football manager
 1959 - Ranga Yogeshwar, Luxembourgish science journalist, physicist and presenter
 1960 - Brent Ashton, Canadian ice hockey player
 1960 - Jari Kurri, Finnish ice hockey player, coach and manager
 1960 – Yannick Noah, French tennis player and singer
 1962 – Nanne Grönvall, Swedish singer
 1962 - Sandra, German singer
 1963 - Marty McSorley, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and actor
 1964 - Ignasi Guardans, Catalan politician
 1966 - Michael Tait, American singer-songwriter and producer
 1967 - Heinz-Harald Frentzen, German racing driver
1968 - Sergey Martynov, Belarusian target shooter
 1969 - Martika, Cuban-American singer-songwriter, producer and actress
 1970 – Tina Fey, American actress and comedienne
 1971 – Brad Friedel, American soccer player
 1971 - Mark Menzies, Scottish politician
 1974 - Nelson Figueroa, American baseball player
 1975 – Flozell Adams, American football player
 1975 – John Higgins, Scottish snooker player
 1975 – Jem, Welsh singer
 1975 – Jack Johnson, American singer, songwriter and surfer
 1975 - Just Jack, English singer
 1975 - Princessa, Spanish singer and songwriter
From 1976 
 1976 - Oleg Tverdovsky, Ukrainian-Russian ice hockey player
 1976 - Ron Mercer, American basketball player
 1977 – Danny Mills, English footballer
 1978 – Ricardo Carvalho, Portuguese footballer
 1978 - Charles Kamathi, Kenyan long-distance runner
 1979 – Mariusz Lewandowski, Polish footballer
 1979 – Milivoje Novakovic, Slovenian footballer
 1980 – Michael Llodra, French tennis player
 1980 – Diego Pérez, Uruguayan footballer
 1981 – Mahamadou Diarra, Malian footballer
 1984 - Ivet Lalova, Bulgarian sprinter
 1985 - Joseph Roisman, American former navy sailor 
 1985 - Francesca Battistelli, American singer-songwriter
 1986 - Kevin Anderson, South African tennis player
 1987 – Luisana Lopilato, Argentine actress, singer and model
 1988 – Taeyang, South Korean singer
 1989 - Mohammad Rashid Mazaheri, Iranian footballer
 1990 - Gayoon, South Korean singer and dancer
 1990 - Yuya Osako, Japanese footballer
 1992 – Spencer Breslin, American actor
 1993 – Jessica Watson, Australian sailor
1998 - Polina Edmunds, American figure skater
 1999 – Laura Omloop, Belgian singer
Up to 1900 
 526 - Pope John I
 1401 – Wladyslaw Opolczyk, Central European politician (b. 1332)
 1550 - Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, French cardinal (b. 1498)
 1551 - Domenico di Pace Beccafumi, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1486)
 1584 – Ikeda Motosuke, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1559)
 1675 - Jacques Marinette, French-American missionary and explorer (b. 1637)
 1675 - Stanislaw Lubieniecki, Polish astronomer, theologian and historian (b. 1623)
 1721 – Dawit III of Ethiopia (b. 1695)
 1781 – Tupac Amaru II, Peruvian Indian revolutionary (b. 1742)
 1799 – Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, French playwright (b. 1732)
 1800 - Alexander Suvorov, Russian general (b. 1729)
 1807 – John Douglas, Anglican bishop (b. 1721)
 1808 – Elijah Craig, important to the invention of bourbon (b. 1738?)
 1812 – John Bellingham, assassin of Spencer Perceval
 1829 – Maria Josepha of Saxony, Queen Consort of Spain (b. 1803)
 1844 - Richard McCarty, American politician (b. 1780)
1853 - Lionel Kieseritzky, Baltic-German/French chess player (b. 1806)
 1896 - Daniel Pollen, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1813)
 1900 – Jean Gaspard Félix Ravaisson-Mollien, French philosopher (b. 1813)
1901  2000 
 1909 – George Meredith, English novelist and poet (b. 1828)
 1909 - Isaac Albéniz, Spanish pianist and composer (b. 1860)
 1910 – Pauline Garcia-Viardot, singer, composer (b. 1821)
 1911 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
 1922 – Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French doctor, won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1845)
 1927 – Andrew Kehoe, perpetrator of Bath School disaster
 1943 - Onishiki Daigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1883)
 1955 – Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator and activist (b. 1875)
 1956 – Maurice Tate, English cricketer (b. 1895)
 1969 - Prentice Cooper, American politician, 43rd Governor of Tennessee (b. 1895)
 1971 - Aleksandr Gennadievich Kurosh, Russian mathematician (b. 1908)
 1973 – Jeannette Rankin, first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives (b. 1880)
 1975 – Leroy Anderson, American composer (b. 1908)
 1978 - Selwyn Lloyd, British politician (b. 1904)
 1980 - Deaths in the Mt. St. Helens eruption:
Harry Randall Truman, Guardian of Mt. St. Helens (b. 1896)
David A. Johnston, American volcanologist (b. 1949)
Reid Blackburn, American photojournalist (b. 1952)
 1980 – Ian Curtis, British musician, singer/lyricist with Joy Division (b. July 15, 1956)
 1981 – William Saroyan, American writer (b. 1908)
 1988 – Daws Butler, voice actor (b. 1916)
 1995 – Elizabeth Montgomery, American actress (b. 1933)
 1995 – Alexander Godunov, ballet dancer and actor (b. 1949)
 1995 – Elisha Cook Jr., actor (b. 1903)
 1995 – Shawn Nelson, US Army veteran (b. 1959)
 1999 – Augustus Pablo, Jamaican singer (b. 1954)
 1999 – Betty Robinson, Olympic runner (b. 1911)
 2000 – Stephen M. Wolownik, Russian musician and arranger (b. 1946)
From 2001 
 2001 - Irene Hunt, American children's writer (b. 1907)
 2003 – Anna Santisteban, organizer of the Miss Universe contest (b. 1914)
 2003 – Barb Tarbox, anti-smoking crusader (b. 1961)
 2004 – Elvin Jones, jazz drummer (b. 1927)
 2007 – Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, French physicist (b. 1932)
 2009 – Velupillai Prabhakaran, Sri Lankan leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (b. 1954)
 2009 – Wayne Allwine, American actor (b. 1947)
 2009 – Dolla, American rapper (b. 1987)
 2010 – Edoardo Sanguineti, Italian writer (b. 1930)
 2012 – Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, German baritone and conductor (b. 1925)
 2013 - Jo Benkow, Norwegian politician (b. 1924)
 2013 - Nam Duck-woo, 12th Prime Minister of South Korea (b. 1924)
 2013 - Steve Forrest, American actor (b. 1925)
 2014 - Wubbo Ockels, Dutch physicist and astronaut (b. 1946)
 2014 - Dobrica Cosic, Serbian writer and politician, President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (b. 1921)
 2014 - Jerry Vale, American singer and actor (b. 1930)
2014 - Gordon Willis, American cinematographer (b. 1931)
 2014 - Hans-Peter Dürr, German physicist (b. 1929)
 2014 - Per Almar Aas, Norwegian politician (b. 1929)
 2014 - Kaiketsu Masateru, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1946)
 2014 - Morris Weiss, American cartoonist (b. 1915)
 2015 - Halldor Asgrimsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1947)
 2015 - Raymond Gosling, British scientist (b. 1926)
 2015 - Aruna Shanbaug, Indian nurse (b. 1948)
 2016 - Fritz Stern, German-American historian (b. 1926)
 2016 - Boris Schnaiderman, Ukrainian-born Brazilian translator, writer and essayist (b. 1917)
 2017 - Reema Lagoo, Indian actress (b. 1958)
 2017 - Anil Madhav Dave, Indian politician (b. 1956)
 2017 - Roger Ailes, American television executive (Fox News) (b. 1940)
 2017 - Jacque Fresco, American futurist (b. 1916)
 2017 - Daniele Piombi, Italian television and radio presenter (b. 1934)
 2018 - Stephanie Adams, American model and author (b. 1947)
 2018 - Billy Cannon, American football player (b. 1937)
2018 - John Carrick, Australian politician (b. 1918)
 2018 - Ayad Futayyih Al-Rawi, Iraqi military officer (b. 1942)
 2018 - Sir Des Champs, Irish racehorse (b. 2006)
 2018 - Darío Castrillón Hoyos, Colombian cardinal (b. 1929)
 2018 - Eric McLuhan, Canadian communications theorist and media ecologist (b. 1942)
 2018 - Yrsa Stenius, Finnish-Swedish journalist (b. 1945)
 2019 - Analia Gade, Argentine actress (b. 1931)
 2019 - Jürgen Kissner, German cyclist (b. 1942)
 2019 - Quentin Pongia, New Zealand rugby league player (b. 1970)
Observances 
 International Museum Day
 World AIDS vaccine Day
 Independence Day (Somaliland)
 Battle of Las Piedras Day (Uruguay)

Days of the year
The year 30 BC was either a common year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Thursday. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Octavian and Crassus.

Events
Events

Roman Republic 
 Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the fourth time. His partner is Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger.
 Octavian leads his army to the Dardanelles. He marches into Syria. Herod the Great sends him vows of loyalty and troops to help.
 Gaius Cornelius Gallus arrives in Cyrene and occupies Paraetonium. 
 Mark Antony retreats with his army to Egypt.  He learns that Pelusium opened its gates to Octavian without resistance.
 Octavian Caesar captures Alexandria. This marks the official annexation of Ancient Egypt to the Roman Republic.
 Cleopatra evacuates to Berenice on the west coast of the Red Sea. King Malchus of Nabatea attacks from the desert and burns the Egyptian ships.
 The children of Cleopatra are spared by Octavian. Octavia Minor raises Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene and Ptolemy Philadelphus in her house in Rome.

Asia 
 Common date given for Thiruvalluvar to write the Tirukkuṟaḷ
 First possible date for the invention of the wheelbarrow

Births
Births 

 Maroboduus, king of the Marcomanni (d. AD 37)

Deaths 

 Mark Antony, Roman consul and general  (b. 83 BC)
 Marcus Antonius Antyllus, son of Mark Antony and Fulvia (b. 47 BC)
 Hyrcanus II, king and high priest of Judea until 40 BC
 August 12 – Cleopatra VII, last queen of Ptolemaic Egypt (b. 69 BC)
 August 23 – Ptolemy Caesar, son of Julius Caesar and pharaoh of Egypt (b. 47 BC)
Up to 1900 
 757 - An Lushan, leader of the revolt against China's Tang dynasty, is murdered by his son An Qingxu.
 904 - Pope Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher.
 1616 - Dutch seafarers Jacob Le Maire and Willem Cornelisz Schouten successfully sail around Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America to reach the Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean.
 1676 – Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia.
 1814 - France defeats Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.
 1819 – Singapore is founded.
 1834 - Andrew Jackson orders the first use of federal soldiers to suppress a labor dispute.
 1845 - The Raven is published in the New York Evening Mirror newspaper, the first publication with the name of the writer, Edgar Allan Poe.
 1856 – Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross.
 1861 – Kansas becomes the 34th state to join the United States.
 1863 – Union forces massacre 400 Native Americans at Bear River, Idaho.
1886 – Karl Benz patents his automobile.
 1891 – Liliuokalani is proclaimed Queen of Hawaii.
 1900 - The American League is organized in Philadelphia with eight founding teams. It later becomes Major League Baseball.
1901  2000 
 1907 – Charles Curtis becomes United States Senator for Kansas. He is the first in his position known to have Native American ancestors.
 1908 - Frederick VIII of Denmark becomes King.
 1916 – World War I: Paris is first bombed by German zeppelins.
 1929 – All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque is first published.
 1936 – The first inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame are announced.
 1940 - Three trains on the Sakurajima Line in Osaka, Japan, collide and explode while approaching Ajikawaguchi Station, killing 181 people.
 1941 – Alexandros Koryzis succeeds the Ioannis Metaxas, who died, as Prime Minister of Greece.
 1942 – At the end of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, Ecuador loses half of its territory to Peru.
 1943 - World War II: On the first day of the Battle of Rennell Island, US cruiser Chicago is torpedoed and heavily damaged by Japanese bombers.
 1944 - World War II: Around 38 men, women and children die in the Koniuchy massacre in Poland.
1963 – Charles de Gaulle rejects UK membership of the European Community.
 1964 – The movie Dr. Strangelove is first shown.
 1967 - The 'ultimate high' of the hippie era, the Mantra-Rock Dance, takes place in San Francisco, featuring Janis Joplin, the Grateful Dead and Allen Ginsberg.
 1979 - Brenda Ann Spencer kills 2 people and injures 8 in the Grover Cleveland Elementary School shooting.
 1981 - Adolfo Suárez resigns as Prime Minister of Spain.
 1985 - Final recording session for "We Are the World", by the supergroup USA for Africa.
 1986 - Yoweri Museveni takes power in Uganda.
 1989 – Hungary establishes diplomatic relations with South Korea.
 1991 – Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji begins.
 1996 – The La Fenice opera house in Venice is destroyed by fire.
 1996 – Jacques Chirac announces the end of French nuclear testing in the Pacific.
 1998 - In Birmingham, Alabama a bomb explodes at an abortion clinic, killing 1 person, and injuring another.
From 2001 
 2001 – Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm the parliament, demanding the resignation of President Abdurrahman Wahid over corruption scandals.
 2002 – US President George W. Bush first used the term "Axis of Evil" in his State of the Union speech to describe the governments of Iraq, Iran, and North Korea.
 2005 - The first direct flights between mainland China and the island of Taiwan since 1949 take place.
 2006 - India's Irfan Pathan becomes the first bowler to take a test-cricket hat-trick in the opening over of a match.
 2009 - Governor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich is convicted of several corruption charges.
 2011 - The Asian football championship is won by the Japan national football team over the Australia national football team, which had reached the final in only its second participation at the tournament.
 2012 – Tennis: In the Australian Open, Novak Djokovic wins in five sets against Rafael Nadal in the longest Grand Slam final to date.
2014 - Scientists in Japan announce that shocking blood cells with acid could also trigger the transformation into stem cells.
 2015 - Over 30 Egyptian soldiers are killed in an attack by militants linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on the Sinai Peninsula, where there had also been strong anti-government protests.
Up to 1900 
 1455 - Johann Reuchlin, German philosopher, humanist, jurist and diplomat (d. 1522)
 1499 – Katharina von Bora, religious reformer and wife of Martin Luther (d. 1552)
 1584 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)
 1688 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish scientist, philosopher and theologian (d. 1772)
 1711 - Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (d. 1788)
 1715 - Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (d. 1777)
 1717 - Jeffrey Amherst, British military leader (d. 1797)
 1718 – Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor (d. 1794)
 1737 – Thomas Paine, American writer (d. 1809)
 1749 – King Christian VII of Denmark (d. 1808)
 1751 - Joseph Bradley Varnum, American politician (d. 1821)
 1754 - Moses Claeveland, founder of Cleveland, Ohio (d. 1806)
 1756 - Henry Lee III, Governor of Virginia (d. 1818)
 1761 – Albert Gallatin, Swiss-born United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1849)
 1792 - Lemuel H. Arnold, Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1852)
1801 - Johannes Bernardus van Bree, Dutch composer, violinist and conductor (d. 1857)
 1801 – Horatia Nelson, daughter of Horatio Nelson and Emma Hamilton (d. 1881)
 1810 - Ernst Kummer, German mathematician (d. 1893)
 1832 - Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatiev, Russian general and diplomat (d. 1908)
 1838 - Edward Morley, American chemist (d. 1923)
 1843 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)
 1846 – Karol Olszewski, Polish scientist (d. 1915)
 1850 - Ebenezer Howard, British inventor of the Garden city movement (d. 1928)
 1853 - Kitasato Shibasaburo, Japanese physician and bacteriologist (d. 1931)
 1860 – Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
 1862 – Frederick Delius, English composer (d. 1934)
 1866 – Romain Rolland, French writer (d. 1944)
 1866 - Julio Peris Brell, Spanish painter (d. 1944)
 1867 – Vicente Blasco Ibañez, Spanish writer (d. 1928)
 1874 – John D. Rockefeller, Jr., American businessman (d. 1960)
 1880 – WC Fields, American actor (d. 1946)
1884 - Douglass Cadwallader, American golfer (d. 1971)
 1887 – Wellington Koo, Chinese diplomat (d. 1985)
 1888 - Sydney Chapman, British mathematician and geophysicist (d. 1970)
 1891 - Elizaveta Gerdt, Russian ballerina (d. 1975)
 1895 - Muna Lee, American poet (d. 1965)
1901  1950 
 1901 - Arcady Aris, Russian Chuvash writer (d. 1941)
 1901 - Allen B. DuMont, American scientist and inventor (d. 1965)
 1905 - Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)
 1906 - Joe Primeau, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1989)
 1911 – Peter von Siemens, German industry (d. 1986)
 1913 – Peter von Zahn, German journalist (d. 2001)
 1913 - Victor Mature, American actor (d. 1999)
 1917 - John Raitt, American actor and singer (d. 2005)
 1918 – John Forsythe, American actor (d. 2010)
 1920 - José Luis de Vilallonga, Spanish aristocrat (d. 2007)
 1922 - Borys Yukhymovych Steklyar, Ukrainian military officer (d. 2018)
 1923 - Paddy Chayefsky, American playwright, screenwriter and novelist (d. 1981)
 1923 - Ivo Robic, Croatian singer-songwriter (d. 2000)
 1924 - Dorothy Malone, American actress (d. 2018)
 1924 - Luigi Nono, Italian composer (d. 1990)
 1925 – Tofik Bakhramov, Soviet-Azerbaijani linesman (d. 1993)
 1926 – Franco Cerri, Italian jazz guitarist
1926 – Abdus Salam, Pakistani Nobel Prize in Physics winner (d. 1996)
 1926 - Roberto Goyeneche, Argentine tango singer (d. 1994)
 1927 - Edward Abbey, American naturalist, philosopher and writer (d. 1989)
 1929 - Elio Petri, Italian movie director and screenwriter (d. 1982)
 1929 - Ed Shaughnessy, American jazz musician
 1930 - Carmino Ravosa, American singer and composer (d. 2015)
 1931 – Ferenc Madl, President of Hungary (d. 2011)
 1931 - Leslie Bricusse, British composer
 1931 - Richard Bakalyan, Armenian-American actor (d. 2015)
 1933 – Sacha Distel, French singer (d. 2004)
 1933 - Paul Sally, American mathematician
 1936 - Walter Lewis, Dutch astrophysicist
 1936 - James Jamerson, American bass guitarist (d. 1983)
 1937 - Hassan Habibi, 1st Vice president of Iran (d. 2013)
 1937 - Bobby Scott, American musician
 1939 – Germaine Greer, Australian writer, publicist, feminist and activist
 1940 - Katharine Ross, American actress
 1940 - Kunimitsu Takahashi, Japanese motorcycle racer and racing driver
1941 - Robin Morgan, American actress, journalist, writer and activist
 1942 - Claudine Longet, French-American singer, actress and dancer
 1943 – Tony Blackburn, British disc jockey
 1943 - Molly Meldrum, Australian music critic, journalist, record producer and music entrepreneur
 1943 - Pat Quinn, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014)
 1944 – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda
 1945 – Tom Selleck, American actor
 1945 – Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, former Prime Minister of Mali
 1947 – Linda B. Buck, American scientist
 1947 – David Byron, British musician (d. 1985)
 1948 - David Hay, Scottish footballer
 1948 – Guido Knopp, German historian, journalist and publicist
 1949 - Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-born American musician and record producer (The Ramones) (d. 2014)
 1950 – Jody Scheckter, South African racecar driver
1951  1975 
 1953 - Peter Baumann, German musician
 1954 – Oprah Winfrey, American television host and businesswoman
 1954 - Doug Riseborough, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and executive
 1955 – Eddie Jordan, American basketball player and coach
 1956 - Amii Stewart, American singer, dancer and actress
 1958 - Glen Cochrane, Canadin ice hockey player
 1960 - Greg Louganis, American diver
 1962 - Nicholas Turturro, American actor
 1963 - Octave Octavian Teodorescu, Romanian composer and musician
 1964 - Roddy Frame, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1966 – Romario, Brazilian footballer
 1969 – Hyde, Japanese singer
 1969 - Sasa Obradovic, Serbian basketball coach
 1970 – Heather Graham, American actress
 1970 - Paul Ryan, American politician
 1971 - Clare Balding, British television presenter
 1973 - Miranda Krestovnikoff, British television presenter, naturalist and archaeologist
 1974 - Michael Andersen, Danish basketball player
 1974 - Malina Olinescu, Romanian singer (d. 2011)
From 1976 
 1978 - Rob Bironas, American football player (d. 2014)
 1978 - Martin Schmitt, German ski jumper
 1979 - Sarah Kuttner, German television presenter and writer
 1979 - Sui Feifei, Chinese basketball player
 1979 - April Scott, American actress and model
 1980 – Ivan Klasnic, Croatian footballer
 1980 – Ingimundur Ingimundarson, Icelandic handball player
 1980 – Jason James Richter, American musician and actor
 1982 - Kim Dong-Jin, South Korean footballer
 1982 – Adam Lambert, American singer
 1984 - Yukio Peter, Nauruan weightlifter
 1985 – Marc Gasol, Spanish basketball player
 1985 - Isabel Lucas, Australian actress
 1985 - Rag'n'Bone Man, English singer
 1985 – Athina Onassis, heiress
 1986 – Simon Vukcevic, Montenegrin footballer
 1986 - Drew Tyler Bell, American actor
 1988 - Tatyana Chernova, Russian athlete
 1988 - Stephanie Gilmore, Australian surfer
 1989 – Kevin Shattenkirk, American ice hockey player
 1990 - Danielle Parsons, Canadian curler
 1992 - George Pocheptsov, American painter
1992 - Aleksandr Trokhov, Russian footballer
 1993 - Kyary Pamyu Pamyu, Japanese model, blogger and recording artist
 1998 - Mion Mukaichi, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48)
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 969 – Tsar Peter I of Bulgaria (b. 895)
 1119 - Pope Gelasius II
 1342 - Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1279)
 1477 - Gregory of Sanok, Polish professor and humanist (b. 1403)
 1676 – Tsar Alexis I of Russia (b. 1629)
 1696 - Tsar Ivan V of Russia (b. 1666)
 1743 - Andre-Hercule de Fleury, French statesman (b. 1653)
 1763 – Louis Racine, French poet (b. 1692)
 1814 - Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher (b. 1762)
 1820 – George III, King of Great Britain and Ireland (b. 1738)
 1828 - Paul de Barras, French politician (b. 1775)
 1829 - Timothy Pickering, United States Secretary of State (b. 1745)
 1860 – Ernst Moritz Arndt, German writer (b. 1769)
 1870 – Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1797)
 1888 – Edward Lear, British writer, illustrator, artist and poet (b. 1812)
 1899 – Alfred Sisley, French impressionist painter (b. 1839)
1901  2000 
 1901 – Milan I of Serbia (b. 1855)
 1906 – King Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1818)
 1928 – Douglas Haig, British soldier (b. 1861)
 1933 - Sara Teasdale, American poet (b. 1884)
 1934 – Fritz Haber, German chemist (b. 1868)
 1941 – Ioannis Metaxas, Greek military leader (b. 1871)
 1945 - Gustav Flatow, German gymnast (b. 1875)
 1946 - Harry Hopkins, American politician (b. 1890)
 1948 - Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, Italian aristocrat (b. 1900)
 1950 – Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1885)
 1951 - Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer (b. 1880)
 1956 - H. L. Mencken, American journalist (b. 1880)
 1963 – Robert Frost, American poet (b. 1874)
 1964 - Alan Ladd, American actor (b. 1913)
 1969 – Allen Dulles, CIA director (b. 1893)
 1977 – Freddie Prinze, American actor and comedian (b. 1954)
 1980 - Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer and pianist (b. 1893)
 1986 - Leif Erickson, American actor (b. 1911)
 1989 - Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (b. 1900)
1992 - Willie Dixon, American composer and musician (b. 1915)
 1994 – Ulrike Maier, Austrian skier (b. 1967)
 1998 - Joseph Alioto, American politician (b. 1916)
From 2001 
 2002 - Harold Russell, Canadian-born American actor (b. 1914)
 2003 - Frank Moss, American politician (b. 1911)
 2004 – Janet Frame, New Zealand writer (b. 1924)
 2005 – Eric Griffiths, Welsh musician (b. 1940)
 2005 - Ephraim Kishon, Israeli writer, screenwriter and director (b. 1924)
 2006 – Nam June Paik, South Korean artist (b. 1932)
 2008 - Bengt Lindström, Swedish artist (b. 1925)
 2008 – Margaret Truman, American writer (b. 1924)
 2009 – John Martyn, British musician (b. 1948)
 2011 – Milton Babbitt, American composer (b. 1916)
 2012 – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, 9th President of Italy (b. 1918)
 2012 - Camilla Williams, American singer (b. 1919)
 2013 - Bernard Horsfall, British actor (b. 1930)
 2014 - François Cavanna, French journalist and writer (b. 1923)
 2014 - Lars Andreas Larssen, Norwegian actor (b. 1935)
 2015 - Colleen McCullough, Australian writer (b. 1937)
 2015 - Will McBride, American photographer (b. 1931)
2015 - Rod McKuen, American poet, composer, singer and songwriter (b. 1933)
 2015 - Maurizio Arcieri, Italian singer (b. 1942)
 2015 - Tenkoko Sonoda, Japanese politician (b. 1919) 
 2015 - Alexander Vraciu, American Navy fighter ace (b. 1918)
 2015 - Israel Yinon, Israeli conductor (b. 1956)
 2016 - Jacques Rivette, French movie director (b. 1928)
 2016 - Gordon Goody, British criminal (b. 1929)
 2016 - John Roper, Baron Roper, British politician (b. 1935)
 2016 - Jean-Marie Doré, 11th Prime Minister of Guinea (b. 1938)
 2016 - Cayetano Paderanga, Jr., Filipino economist (b. 1948)
 2016 - Aurèle Nicolet, Swiss flautist (b. 1926)
 2017 - Howard Frank Mosher, American writer (b. 1942)
 2017 - Leonard H. Perroots, American military officer (b. 1933)
 2017 - Joop Gouweleeuw, Dutch judoka (b. 1940)
 2018 - Ion Ciubuc, Prime minister of Moldova (b. 1943)
 2018 - Eddie Shaw, American blues saxophonist, arranger and bandleader (b. 1937)
 2019 - George Fernandes, Indian politician (b. 1930)
2019 - Jean-Marc Fontaine, French mathematician (b. 1944)
 2019 - Andy Hebenton, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
 2019 - Mohammad Nabi Habibi, Iranian politician, Mayor of Tehran (b. 1945)
 2019 - Charles J. Hynes, American lawyer and politician (b. 1935)
 2019 - James Ingram, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1952)
Observances 
 Statehood Day (Kansas)

Days of the year
An economy is a system of making and trading things of value. It is usually divided into goods (materials and objects) and services (things people do). An economy assumes that there is a medium of exchange, which, in the modern world, is called 'finance'. This makes trade possible. The alternative  systems of barter – exist only on a very small scale.

To better understand how the economy works, it can be discussed in three sections:
 The primary sector which covers raw products from farming, fishing, and mining, and so on.
 The secondary sector which covers manufacturing of goods.
 The tertiary sector which covers a range of services, provided to people and companies.

The term 'real economy' is sometimes used to mean the part of the economy concerned with goods and services. This is contrasted with the 'paper economy', the financial side of the economy, which buys and sells on the financial markets.

The word 'economy' comes from the Greek word 'οἰκονόμος'. This means 'person who manages the house'.
Related pages 
 Economics
 Political economy

References
Up to 1900 
 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies.
 238 - Roman subjects in North Africa revolt against Maximus Thrax and elect Gordian I as Roman Emperor.
 321 - Constantine announces that Sunday is a rest day in Europe.
 1277 - Stephen Tempier, Bishop of Paris, condemns 219 philosophical and theological theses.
 1573 - A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman-Venetian War and leaving Cyprus under Ottoman control.
 1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops kill over 2,000 Albanian captives.
 1850 - US Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in support of the Compromise of 1850.
 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces defeat Confederate troops at Pea Ridge, Arkansas.
 1871 - Jose Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco becomes Prime Minister of the Empire of Brazil. With four years in office, he becomes its longest-serving Prime Minister.
 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for the telephone.