Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Design and usage 

Specialized English sounds the same as Special English, and it almost is the same. Both use a 1500 word core vocabulary, short sentences, and slow delivery (about 90 words per minute). Special English was used from about 1959 by Voice of America. Specialized was written in the late 1990's, independently of Voice of America. The basic design is identical, but there is a slight difference in the vocabulary, and Specialized is more international. VoA is a federal US government department, so it doesn't make Special English programs for anything other than VoA's own use. Specialized English was designed by the civil society, and the developers try to make programs for several purposes. The developers of Specialized felt they should choose a name to show both the similarity and the difference.
The reason that Specialized was based on Special English is related to their respective usage. They are not primarily teaching tools (even though they are popular as an aid to learning) but communication tools. The choice of words in the 1500 word list depends to a degree on what is to be communicated. Most of the words are the most frequently learned, most commonly used English words. Both tools use these words. But many words are chosen for the intended purpose. For example, Special English uses words a US government news service might need, such as Congress, federal, administration, capitalism and recession. Specialized replaces some of these words with words used for religious subjects, such as blessing, prayer, miracle, and faith. The Specialized English word list has been revised in 2000 and 2007, in the light of experience. Still, the overlap of the two vocabularies is 91.3%. The Specialized English word list allows greater breadth of meaning in some of the words used in both lists
. For example, the word 'joint':
Special: 	joint - ad. shared by two or more

Specialized: 	joint - ad. shared by two or more; n. the place where two parts or things are fixed together.

Specialized also allows more prefixes and suffixes, which has allowed some words to be removed from the core list. (e.g.: wonderful not needed in the list because it can be built from wonder+ful)

As well as the 1500 word core vocabulary, both Special and Specialized English also generally allow: inflections of the core words, numbers up to a million, pronouns, proper nouns, and any words whose meaning can be communicated in real time (in a radio broadcast) using the core vocabulary.

The following table lists some differences between the two methods.

English language
Consett is a town in the northwest part of County Durham, in England.

References

Other websites 
Derwentside District Council 

Towns in County Durham
The Esperanto Wikipedia () is the Esperanto-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2001, which means that it was one of the first Wikipedias.

It currently has  articles. This makes it the 35th largest Wikipedia by article count.

References

Other websites 
 Esperanto Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2001
Fulton County is a county that can be found in the state of Georgia.  The county seat of Fulton County is Atlanta, which is the state capital. As of 2020, the population was around 1,070,000 persons.

Cities and towns 
Alpharetta
Atlanta
Chattahoochee Hills
College Park
East Point
Fairburn
Hapeville
Johns Creek
Milton
Mountain Park
Palmetto
Roswell
Sandy Springs
Union City

Rural communities 
Birmingham (now within Milton)
Campbellton
Crabapple (now within Milton)
Ocee (originally New York, then Mazeppa, now within Johns Creek)
Red Oak
Rico
Sandtown
Shakerag
South Fulton (entirety of remaining unincorporated land, voted against cityhood in 2007)
Warsaw

References

1853 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
A Fountain is an arrangement, usually made by man; in it, the water from a source is captured in some way. Most often, it is used to fill a basin of some kind. Sometimes there are many basins, and water runs from one into the next. It is also common to have sculptures in fountains. 

Sometimes jets are used to make the water go high into the air, using pressure.
Goolwa is an old port on the Murray River.  It is near the Murray Mouth in South Australia.

References

Towns in South Australia
1857 establishments
1850s establishments in Australia
A Kilner jar is a jar that has a rubber ring to seal the top.  It does not let out any air, and helps to store food.  It was invented by the Kilner family and made by John Kilner & Co in Yorkshire, England.  Most jars made now-a-days have metal tops instead of rubber. They are also known as Terrine Jars.

Related pages
 Mason jar
 Weck Jar

Containers
The Neanderthal genome project is a project for the sequencing of the Neanderthal genome. The project was announced by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany and 454 Life Sciences in the United States in July 2006.

Other websites
 "Genetic algorithm model shows that modern humans out-competed the Neanderthal" Short summary of a peer review paper 2008
 "Last of the Neanderthals" National Geographic, October 2008
 MSNBC "Neanderthal genome project launches" 22 November 2006.
 BBC News Paul Rincon, "Neanderthal DNA secrets unlocked" 15 November 2006
 "Welcome to Neanderthal genomics" 17 November 2006
 "Neanderthal Genome Sequencing Yields Surprising Results and Opens a New Door to Future Studies"  15 November 2006

Genetics
A steamboat (also called a steamship or steamer) is a ship that uses a steam engine or steam turbine to move. At first, these were paddle steamboats. Some had a paddle wheel on the back. Others had two wheels on the sides. Most went down rivers. From about 1836, marine propellers, invented by Josef Ressel, were used. Claude François Jouffroy d’Abbans built the first working steamship in 1783.

There were many steamboats in the 19th century in the United States and other countries. However, the first steamboat was built by John Fitch in 1787. It had many paddles. Fitch tried to make money from the steamboat, but could not do so. He died in 1798, and did not live long enough to see Robert Fulton become the first person to build a steamboat that could make money. In 1807, Fulton built a steamboat that could travel from New York City to Albany in 32 hours. Steamboats became much faster later in the 19th century.
After the middle 19th century paddle steamers became rare, as the marine propeller gave more speed and burned less fuel. The new vessels were suited to the open ocean, and were usually called "steamships". During the 20th century, marine Diesel engines largely replaced steam propulsion.

References

Other websites

Boats
Rorschach is a municipality in Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

Official website 

Municipalities in Rorschach
Cities in Switzerland
Hurricane Carol was one of the worst hurricanes in New England, which is in United States. Carol formed from a tropical wave near the Bahamas on August 25, 1954.

Carol was like the New England Hurricane of 1938. Both were fast-moving storms. They also both hit the same area. Carol was the most damaging United States hurricane at the time.

Retirement

Hurricane Carol was later retired (meaning it was not used for any more hurricanes afterwards) due to the impact in New England. The name "Carol" was the first name to be retired from the Atlantic hurricane name lists.

References

Other websites

Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
1954 in the United States
20th century in the Bahamas
1950s in North Carolina
1950s in New York (state)
1954 in Canada
1950s in weather
The December 2008 ice storm was a bad ice storm in New England and New York. It made millions of people lose power. The storm was said to be the worst ice storm in a decade for New England. It was also the worst in 21 years for New York. Because of the storm, many trees fell down. They were coated in a heavy layer of ice. Many people were still without power after the storm was gone.

References 

2008 in weather
Natural disasters in the United States
2008 in New York (state)
Eisten is a municipality in Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Visp
Ayent is a municipality of the district Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Hérens
Altdorf is the capital of the canton of Uri in Switzerland.  It has an area of 10.23 square kilometers.

References

Other websites 

 Altdorf  Official site

Municipalities of Uri
Capital cities in Switzerland
Andermatt is a municipality of the canton of Uri in Switzerland.  Around 1,500 people live in Andermatt.

References

Other websites 

 Official site 
 

Municipalities of Uri
Attinghausen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.  Around 1,500 people live in Attinghausen. Its area is 46.83 square kilometers.

References

Other websites

Official website of Attinghausen 

Municipalities of Uri
In mathematics, a field is a certain kind of algebraic structure. In a field, one can add (), subtract (), multiply () and divide () two numbers (with division only possible if  is non-zero). A field is a special ring in which division is possible. Both the set of rational numbers and the set of real numbers are examples of fields. The set of integers, , is not a field, because the result of a division is not always an integer. One can also use the symbol  as a variable for a field.
Rules 
Since a field is always a ring, it consists of a set (represented here with the letter R) with two operations: addition (+) and multiplication (•). The properties of a ring are:
 Closure: If an operation is used on any elements in the ring, the element that is formed will also be part of the ring.
 For all a, b in R, the result of the operation a + b is also in R.
 For all a, b in R, the result of the operation a • b is also in R.
 Additive Identity element: One element of the ring is special. It is called the additive identity element named zero. If we add zero to any element, that element will not change.
 There exists an element 0 in R, such that for all elements a in R, the equation 0 + a = a + 0 = a holds.
 Associativity of Addition: When addition is done many times, it does not matter how it is grouped, the result will be the same.
 For all a, b and c in R, the equation (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) holds.
Commutativity of addition: When addition is done, it does not matter which element is on the right and left, the result will be the same.
 For all a and b in R, the equation a + b = b + a holds.
 Additive Inverse element: Every element in the ring has another element in the ring, such that when addition is performed between them, the result is zero. This is known as its additive inverse.
 For each a in R, there exists an element -a in R such that a + (-a) = 0, where 0 is the additive identity element.
 Associativity of multiplication: When multiplication is done many times, it does not matter how it is grouped, the result will be the same.
 For all a, b and c in R, the equation (a • b) • c = a • (b • c) holds.

 Distribution: Addition and multiplying mix together nicely:
 For all a, b and c in R, the equation (a + b) • c = (a • c) + (b • c) holds.
 For all a, b and c in R, the equation a • (b + c) = (a • b) + (a • c) holds.
A field is a ring (so it follows the rules above), with these extra rules:
 Commutativity of multiplication: When multiplication is done, it does not matter which element is on the right and left, the result will be the same.
 For all a and b in R, the equation a • b = b • a holds.
 Multiplicative Identity element: One element of the ring is special. It is called the multiplicative identity element named one, and is different to zero. If we multiply one with any element, that element will not change.
 There exists an element 1 (different to 0) in R, such that for all elements a in R, the equation 1 • a = a • 1 = a holds.
 Multiplicative Inverse element: Every element in the ring apart from the zero element has an inverse. Multiplying an element by its inverse will give one.
 For each a in R, apart from 0, there exists an element a-1 such that a • a-1 = a-1 • a = 1 holds.
Another way of describing a field is this:
 The set R using the operation + is an abelian (commutative) group with the zero element as its identity element.
 The set R, without the zero element, using the operation • is also an abelian group, with the unit element as its identity element.
 The field also satisfies the distribution rules, listed above.

Examples of fields 
Examples of fields include: 
 The set of rational numbers 
 The set of real numbers 
 The set of complex numbers 
In fact, among the subsets of complex numbers, the largest field is  and the smallest field is .

Related pages 

 Group (mathematics)

References 

Abstract algebra
The Eurovision Song Contest 2009 was the 54th Eurovision Song Contest, it was held in Moscow, Russia after Dima Bilan won the 2008 contest for Russia with Believe. The semi finals took place on May 12 and May 14 and the final was held on May 16. It was won by Alexander Rybak for Norway with Fairytale. 

There were 42 countries taking part with Slovakia making a return for the first time in 11 years and San Marino and Georgia, two countries from last year, not appearing in the contest.

Spokespersons
 Albania - Leon Menkshi
 Armenia - Sirusho
 Belgium - Maureem Louys
 Bosnia&Herzegovina - Elvir Laković Laka
 Estonia - Laura Põldvere
 Germany - Thomas Anders
 Greece - Alexis Kostas
 Hungary - Éva Novodomszky
 Russia - Ingeborga Dapkunaité
 Serbia - Jovana Janković
 Slovenia - Peter Poles
 Turkey - Meltem Yazgan
 Ukraine - Marysia Horobets

References
 Eurovision Fun Clup ESC 

2009
2009 in music
21st century in Moscow
2000s in Russia
The Fray is an American rock album by piano rock band The Fray. The album was released February 2nd. Singles include "You Found Me", "Syndicate", and "Absolute".

Track Listing 
 "Syndicate"
 "Absolute"
 "You Found Me"
 "Say When"
 "Never Say Never"
 "Where the Story Ends"
 "Enough for Now"
 "The Ungodly Hour"
 "We Build, Then We Break"
 "Happiness"

iTunes Bonus Track(s) 
 "Fair Fight"

iTunes Acoustic Version Bonus Tracks 
 "Where the Story Ends (Piano Version)"
 "Absolute (Acoustic Version)"
 "You Found Me (Acoustic Version)"
 "Enough for Now (Acoustic Version)"

Singles / Other Songs 
 2008 - You Found Me
 2009 - Syndicate

#1 Album 
 #1 Album on the U.S. Billboard 200
 #1 Album on the U.S. Billboard of Rock Tracks

2009 albums
"You Found Me" is an American hit single by The Fray. It was released on November 21, 2008. The single came off the #1 U.S. Billboard 200 chart album The Fray.

2008 songs
The violone (pronounced: "Vee-o-LOH-ne") is a very big string instrument that used to be used in the 16th and 17th centuries.  It is like a double bass, but it belongs to the viol family.  The name "violone" means "large viol".  It was really a "double-bass viola da gamba".  It usually had six strings, and the fingerboard had frets (like a guitar) which showed where to put the fingers of the left hand to make the notes.  The bow was held underhand (with the palm of the hand facing up).

Usage 

The violone is sometimes heard today in early music groups who are playing Renaissance and early Baroque music music.  The instruments used today are usually ones that have been made recently to look and sound like the old ones.
History 
The violone was the last member of the viol family to die out.  When the other sizes of viol had been replaced by orchestras with violins, violas and cellos the violone was often used instead of a double bass. Bach used the violone in his cantatas. Eventually the violone was no longer used, and the double bass was used instead.  The double bass still looks a little bit like the old viol because it has sloping shoulders and the strings are tuned in fourths.

Use of the name "violone" in organs
In organs "Violone" is the name given to a soft organ stop made of  metal or wood, usually in the pedals.

Related pages
Viol
Double bass

Early musical instruments
String instruments
The tragedy of the commons was an article published by Garrett Hardin in the journal Science in 1968. It describes a problem where many people with their own ideas can make something they all share worse, even if no one wants to. For example, even if no one wants to pollute water because that makes it unhealthy, it can still end up like that because so many want to use the water for their own reasons, like washing and throwing away rubbish. Each person thinks that their small bit of pollution of the water is too small to affect the quality of the water, but because there are many people the total effect ends up making the water too polluted for mostly anybody to use for drinking or even washing. This may occur in slums and other overcrowded places like refugee camps.
The idea was not Hardin's, but a person named William Forster Lloyd who wrote about it in 1833. In those days herders often grazed cows on common land. Lloyd pointed out that each cow added benefit to its owner but damaged the land overall for all herders by overgrazing.

The tragedy of the commons is often used in modern debates on ecology and externality. It is also a topic in game theory.

References 

Sociology
Metaphors
Property
1968 works
Andrew Manze (pronounce: "MAN-zee"), (born Beckenham, 14 January 1965)
is an English violinist and conductor who is famous for performing music from the Baroque period.

Manze spent his childhood in Bedford. He went to Bedford School where he learned to play the violin. While studying Classics at Cambridge University he started to play the Baroque violin. Then he studied with Simon Standage at the Royal Academy of Music, and then he studied with Lucy van Dael at The Hague and with Marie Leonhardt.

In 1988 he became first violinist of the Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra which was conducted by Ton Koopman. He also played with two other musicians: the harpsichordist John Toll and the lutenist Nigel North, in a trio called Romanesca.

From 2003 to 2007 he directed The English Concert. He also introduced many music programmes on BBC Radio 3 and appeared in television programmes, e.g. Handel's Water Music. He often performed with the harpsichordist Richard Egarr. He has appeared twice at the BBC Proms.
Manze is now taking a rest from playing the violin and concentrating on conducting. He lives in Sweden where he is Principal Conductor of the Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra and Principal Guest Conductor of the Norwegian Radio Orchestra. He is also Associate Conductor of the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra.

In 2011 Andrew Manze was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize laureate in Musical Arts, a Swedish prize which is awarded every three years

References

British violinists
British conductors
Performers of early music
1965 births
Living people
Frederick William II (; 25 September 1744 – 16 November 1797) was the fourth King of Prussia.  He ruled from 1786 until his death. He was a successor and grandson of Frederick I, the first king of Prussia. 

1744 births
1797 deaths
Kings and Queens of Prussia
House of Hohenzollern
Crown Princes and Princesses of Prussia
{{Infobox website
| name =  Finnish Wikipedia''
| logo = Wikipedia-logo-v2-fi.svg
| url = fi.wikipedia.org
| commercial = 
| location = 
| type = Internet encyclopedia project
| language = 
| owner = Wikimedia Foundation
| author = Finnish wiki community
}}
The Finnish Wikipedia''' is the Finnish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition began in 2002.

It is the 25th largest edition.

As of September 2021, it had over 516 000 articles.

References

Other websites 
 Finnish Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2002
The São Francisco River is a river in Brazil. It is around 3,100 kilometers long.  The main tributaries of the São Francisco River are the Paraopeba, Abaeté, das Velhas, Jequitaí, Paracatu, Urucuia, Verde Grande, Carinhanha, Corrente, and Grande rivers.It is an important river for Brazil, called “the river of national integration” because it unites diverse climes and regions of the country, in particular the Southeast with the Northeast.

Rivers of Brazil
Bahia
São Francisco (Portuguese: Saint Francis) can be any of the following:

 São Francisco River, a river in Brazil.
 São Francisco, São Paulo, a municipality in São Paulo, Brazil.
 São Francisco, Minas Gerais, a municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
 São Francisco, Cape Verde, a village in Cape Verde.

Related pages
 San Francisco (disambiguation)
The Data Base Task Group (DBTG) was a working group founded in 1965 by the Cobol Committee, formerly Programming Language Committee, of the Conference of Data Systems Language (CODASYL).

In April 1971, The DBTG published a report containing specifications of a Data Manipulation Language (DML) and a Data Definition Language (DDL) for standardization of network database model. The first DBTG proposals had already been published in 1969. The specification was subsequently modified and developed in various committees and published by other reports in 1973 and 1978. The specification is often referred to as the DBTG database model or the CODASYL database model. As well as the data model, many basic concepts of database terminology were introduced by this group, notably the concepts of schema and subschema.

References 
Gunter Schlageter, Wolffried Stucky: Datenbanksysteme: Konzepte und Modelle, B. G. Teubner Stuttgart, 1983, 

Databases
Software
David Popper (born Prague, 16 June 1843; died Baden, Austria, 7 August 1913) was a Bohemian cellist and composer.  He composed many works for the cello which today are performed by cellists all over the world.
Life
Popper was born in the old Jewish part of  Prague.  His father was a Cantor in two synagogues.   When he was three years old he was imitating his father’s singing.  He learned the violin when he was six and, at the age of twelve, he got a place to study music at the Prague Conservatory, but he had to learn the cello.   His cello teacher was Julius Goltermann.  His first job was as cellist to the Prince of Hohenzollern who soon gave him the title “Kammervirtuoso”.   He was only 21 when he played a difficult concerto by Robert Volkmann.  The conductor, Hans von Bülow, was very impressed and so were the critics.  He gave many concerts in Vienna and became very famous.  He started to travel around Europe, visiting England and Russia.  He had a lot of energy and was able to compose a lot while travelling.  He composed many short cello pieces.   His Elfentanz (Dance of the Elves) and Spinning Song were especially popular with the audiences.

Budapest
Budapest

In 1886 Popper married for the second time.  In the same year he took up a job at the Royal Hungarian Academy of Music in Budapest.  He was a famous teacher and charged a high fee for lessons.  He formed a string quartet with three other musicians including the violinist Jenő Hubay.  Hubay and Popper often played piano trios with Johannes Brahms.

Popper made a long visit to England and Scotland where he was described as the world’s greatest cellist by many people including George Bernard Shaw.  When he returned to Prague he played with Béla Bartók who was only 19 years old and not yet famous.  He was also impressed when he heard the young Pablo Casals, although he did not agree with his technique.

Popper had one son who died of tuberculosis in 1911.  Two years later Popper slipped on an icy pavement.  He was never able to use his right arm again.  He died the next summer of a heart attack.
His music
Popper composed a very large number of cello pieces, many of which are short pieces suitable for encores at a recital.  One of the most popular (and not too difficult) is the Gavotte in D major.  He composed a Requiem for three cellos and orchestra, and he wrote four cello concertos.  However, his most important work for cellists is a collection of studies called Hochschule des Violoncellspiels (High School of Cello Playing).  This book contains 40 etudes, or musical exercises to develop technique, and is widely used today by cello students to improve their playing.

References
“The Great Cellists” by Margaret Campbell, London 2004, 
“The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians” ed. Stanley Sadie; London 1980, 

1843 births
1913 deaths
Cellists
Czech composers
Musicians from Prague
Romantic composers
Herbert Backe (1 May 1896 – 6 April 1947) was a German politician and war criminal.

He was born in Batumi, Georgia. He worked in the Third Reich government and was made Minister of Food in May 1942 and Minister of Agriculture in April 1944. He had that job in the short-lived Cabinet of Admiral Karl Dönitz in the last days of World War II, from late April to May 1945, as the political request of Adolf Hitler. During the war, Alfred Rosenberg said that Backe should become the leader of the Ukraine Reichskommissariat (Nazi government in the Ukraine).

He was one of the people who planned and made happen the Hunger Plan - a plan to starve to death tens of millions of Slavic people in order to make sure there was enough food available for the German people and military.

He was taken prisoner by the Allies after the war, he was to be tried in the Ministries Trial, but he killed himself by hanging in his cell at Nuremberg on 6 April 1947.

Notes

Other websites 
 Photo & Brief Bio
1896 births
1947 deaths
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Nazis who committed suicide
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Politicians who committed suicide
SS officers
Suicides in Germany
Suicides by hanging
People who committed suicide in prison custody
Joseph Berchtold (March 6, 1897 in Ingolstadt – August 23, 1962 in Herrsching am Ammersee), a former salesman who sold office products, became Reichsführer SS after Julius Schreck in 1926.

Berchtold was in the World War I and had the rank of second lieutenant at the end of the war. In 1920 he joined the NSDAP and in 1922 also the SA. He was thought to be better than Julius Schreck, but was still not able to keep the people who started the party under control. After a lot of arguing he resigned in 1927 and was replaced by his deputy, Erhard Heiden.

During Nazi Germany he was a councillor of Munich from 1934 to 1945, and a member of the Reichstag from 1936 to 1945.

1897 births
1962 deaths
German military personnel of World War I
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Nazi leaders
People from Bavaria
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
SS officers
Pahariwood  is the name of a Kashmiri movie industry that is based in the city of Kotli. Pahari-Pothwari are the native tongues of the ethnic population of Kotli, Mirpur and other area of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

References

Cinema of Pakistan
Kashmir

Founder name is is Saleem Ahmed Qureshi this industry also work on Urdu English languages as well .
A mud volcano or mud dome is a kind of volcano that is made by liquids and gases from the earth. There are many different ways that mud volcanoes can be made. Temperatures in a mud volcano are much cooler than that of a regular volcano. The biggest mud volcanoes are 10 kilometers in diameter and can be as tall as 700 meters. Most of the gases given off by mud volcanoes are methane. Other gases given off include carbon dioxide and methane. They usually spit out liquids with solids in the liquids. An example of this would be water with salt or acids in the water.

Details 
A mud volcano is usually made by mud diapir that breaks out of the surface of the Earth or on the ocean bottom. Temperatures in mud volcanoes can be as low as the freezing point.
Mud volcanoes are often linked with places where petroleum gathers and around areas of tectonic subduction. They can also be linked with orogenic belts where hydrocarbon gases usually erupt. They are also often linked with lava volcanoes as well. However, instead of spitting out magma, mud volcanoes spit out gases like methane and carbon dioxide.

Around 1,100 mud volcanoes have been found on land and in shallow water. People think that more than 10,000 mud volcanoes may exist on continental slopes and abyssal plains.

Features and what they give off 
There are many features of mud volcanoes. One of these features is the gryphon, which is a steep, short cone that gives off mud. Another feature is the mud cone, which is a tall cone that makes mud and small pieces of rock. The scoria cone is a cone that is made when deposits of mud are heated up and the salse, which are pools of water that leak gases out of them. Mud volcanoes have many other features, but most of these are notable.
Most of the things that mud volcanoes spit out happen during volcanic eruptions. Other eruptions have been known to happen during the time when a volcano is dormant or sleeping.

Places mud volcanoes are

Europe and Asia 
There are very few mud volcanoes in Europe, but quite a few are on the Taman Peninsula of Russia and the Kerch Peninsula in the southeastern part of Ukraine. In Italy, many mud volcanoes are near the Apennines and in Sicily. Also in Europe are the Berca Mud Volcanoes, near Berca in Buzău County, Romania. Many mud volcanoes are by the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Movement from tectonic plates have made areas of mod volcanoes that spit out hydrocarbons and methane. Some of the tallest mud volcanoes are in Azerbaijan. Mud volcanoes are also in Iran and Pakistan in the Makran mountain range.
China has a lot of mud volcanoes in the Xinjiang province. There are two active mud volcanoes in the southern part of Taiwan. The island of Baratang, which is part of the Great Andaman group of islands in the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean also have a few active mud volcanoes.

Azerbaijan 
People think that 300 of the mud volcanoes out of the 700 mud volcanoes on Earth are in the eastern part of Azerbaijan and the Caspian Sea. In 2001, one mud volcano about 15 kilometers away from Baku was in the world news when it suddenly started spitting out flames 15 meters high.

Related pages
 Volcano
 Black smoker
 Hydrothermal vent

References
References

Other websites 
 Cold water mud volcanoes created by artesian pressure in Minnesota's Nemadji River basin 
 Bulletin Of Mud Volcanology  Azerbaijan Academy Of Sciences (in English)
 Gaia's Breath—Methane and the Future of Natural Gas  - USGS, June 2003
 Azeri mud volcano flares - October 29, 2001, BBC report
 Redondo Beach mud volcano with methane hydrate deposits
 Hydrocarbons Associated with Fluid Venting Process in Monterey Bay, California
 Hydrothermal Activity and Carbon-Dioxide Discharge at Shrub and Upper Klawasi Mud Volcanoes, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska - U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4207
 Mud Volcano Eruption at Baratang, Middle Andamans 

Volcanoes
A black smoker is a kind of hydrothermal vent that can be found on the ocean floor. It is a crack in the planet's surface from which geothermally heated water comes out. Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots.

Hydrothermal vents are common on earth because it is both geologically active and has large amounts of water on its surface and within its crust. Common land types include hot springs, fumaroles and geysers. The most famous hydrothermal vent system on land is probably within Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Under the sea, hydrothermal vents may form features called "black smokers".
Relative to the majority of the deep sea, the areas around submarine hydrothermal vents are biologically more productive, often hosting complex communities fueled by the chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Chemosynthetic archaea form the base of the food chain, supporting diverse organisms, including giant tube worms, clams, limpets and shrimp.
Active hydrothermal vents are believed to exist on Jupiter's moon Europa, and ancient hydrothermal vents have been speculated to exist on Mars.

Other websites 
 Ocean Explorer (www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov) - Public outreach site for explorations sponsored by the Office of Ocean Exploration.
 NOAA, Ocean Explorer Gallery.

Oceanography
The Chinese zodiac is a mathematical cycle of 12 animals. Each animal represents one year. People are associated with the zodiac animal for the year that they are born. The 12 animals in order are: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig. Although it is called the Chinese zodiac, this system is also used in several other countries in Asia such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

Personality
Some Chinese people believe that each zodiac animal has a personality, and people born in the same year may have similar personalities.

Rat
years: 1924, 1936, 1948, 1960, 1972,1984, 1996, 2008, 2020
Honest, freedom, hard working, charming. Can be selfish, ruthless, controlling, scheming.

Ox
years: 1925, 1937, 1949, 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997, 2009, 2021
Smart, calm, patient, inspiring, modest. Can be stubborn, narrow-minded, demanding, rigid.
Tiger
years: 1926, 1938, 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010, 2022
Aggressive, rebellious, strong, daring, generous. Can be restless, clumsy, hot-temper, impatient.

Rabbit
years: 1927, 1939, 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999, 2011, 2023
Kind, sensitive, elegant, artistic, cautious. Can be moody, shy, lazy, opportunistic.

Dragon
years: 1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012, 2024
Strong, proud, direct, eccentric, show off. Can be arrogant, violent, brash, controlling.

Snake
years: 1929, 1941, 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2013, 2025
Wise, graceful, calm, mystic, shrewd. Can be a loner, bad communicator, possessive, distrustful.

Horse
years: 1930, 1942, 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014, 2026
Cheerful, popular, talkative, witty, earthly, responsible. Can be fickle, rude, gullible, stubborn.

Goat
years:  1931, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015, 2027
Righteous, honest, shy, artistic, understanding. Can be moody, a worrier, a complainer, and soft.
Monkey
years: 1932, 1944, 1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2016, 2028
Witty, curious, flexible, sociable, smart. Can be vain, clumsy, trickster, snobbish.

Rooster
years: 1933, 1945, 1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005, 2017, 2029
Neat, organized, alert, scientific, responsible. Can be critical, egotistical, rough, opinionated.

Dog
years: 1934, 1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018, 2030
Honest, smart, loyal, sense of justice, affectionate. Can be lazy, cold, stubborn, quarrelsome.

Pig
years: 1935, 1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007, 2019, 2031
Simple, hard working, strong, peace-loving, trusting. Can be naive, gullible, materialistic, clingy.
Hours
In the old days, China and Japan used a 12-hour system to tell the time of day and night (unlike the 24 hour system used today). The 12 hour system divides the day of 24 hours into 12 hours, each of which has a sign of the zodiac:
11:00 PM to 1:00 AM is the hour of the Rat.
1:00 AM to 3:00 AM is the hour of the Ox.
3:00 AM to 5:00 AM is the hour of the Tiger.
5:00 AM to 7:00 AM is the hour of the Rabbit.
7:00 AM to 9:00 AM is the hour of the Dragon.
9:00 AM to 11:00 AM is the hour of the Snake.
11:00 AM to 1:00 PM is the hour of the Horse.
1:00 PM to 3:00 PM is the hour of the Goat.
3:00 PM to 5:00 PM is the hour of the Monkey.
5:00 PM to 7:00 PM is the hour of the Rooster.
7:00 PM to 9:00 PM is the hour of the Dog.
9:00 PM to 11:00 PM is the hour of the Pig.
Directions
The Chinese and Japanese would call the different directions (North, Northeast, Northwest, East, South, Southeast, Southwest, West), based on the names of the zodiac animals.
 Rat (Water, North)
 Ox (Earth, North-Northeast)
 Tiger (Wood,  East-Northeast)
 Rabbit (Wood, East)
 Dragon (Earth, East-Southeast)
 Snake (Fire, South-Southeast)
 Horse (Fire, South)
 Goat (Earth, South-Southwest)
 Monkey (Metal, West-Southwest)
 Rooster (Metal, West)
 Dog (Earth, West-Northwest)
 Pig (Water, North-Northwest)

References

Chinese culture
Asian mythology
Brandon is a city in Manitoba, Canada. It is the second largest city in Manitoba.

Cities in Manitoba
RPM may refer to:
 Revolutions per minute
 Revenue per mille, related to cost per mille, in advertising
 Rassemblement pour le Mali, a political party in Mali
 RPM International Inc, a chemical sealant company
 RPM Package Manager, a software package manager, originally Red Hat Package Manager.
 Les Mills International fitness program (RPM)
 Raised pavement marker, on U.S. roads
 Randle Patrick McMurphy, the protagonist of Ken Kesey's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
 Raven's Progressive Matrices, a cognitive test
 Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver, performed by a space shuttle
 Resale price maintenance, in economics
 Respiration, pulse (or perfusion), and mental status, a mnemonic used in simple triage and rapid treatment
 Revenue passenger mile, a measure of passenger traffic
 Rounds per minute, used to quantify a weapon's rate of fire
Power Rangers: R.P.M., the upcoming seventeenth season of the popular television series.
 RPM (Cars), a character in the movie Cars
 RPM (TV series), a long-running Australian motorsport show on Network Ten

In music:

 RPM (Brazilian band)
 RPM (magazine), a defunct Canadian music and radio industry magazine
 RPM Records, USA
 Revolutions Per Minute (album), by Rise Against
 Rock Productions Music, a Christian rock band 
 RPM Records UK, subsidiary of Cherry Red
RPM Package Manager is a package management system. The name RPM refers to two things: a software package file format, and software packaged in this format. RPM was intended mainly for Linux distributions; the file format RPM is the baseline package format of the Linux Standard Base.

RPM-based Linux distributions 

Several Linux distributions are based on RPM. These include, but are not limited to:
 Fedora
 Mandriva Linux and derivatives:
 AltLinux
 PCLinuxOS
 Caixa Mágica
 Linux for PlayStation 2
 Red Flag Linux
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux and derivatives:
 CentOS
 ASPLinux
 Scientific Linux
 SUSE Linux/openSUSE
 ArkLinux
 Yellow Dog Linux
 PLD Linux Distribution
 Linux XP
 TurboLinux
 openmamba

References 

Red Hat
Software
Chocolate Bayou is an unincorporated area of Brazoria County in the state of Texas, United States.

Unincorporated communities in Texas
The England cricket team is the team that represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1 January 1997 it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), having been previously governed by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) from 1903 until the end of 1996.

England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match (between 15 and 19 March 1877). These two countries plus South Africa formed the Imperial Cricket Conference (predecessor to today's International Cricket Council) on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first One Day International (ODI) on 5 January 1971. England's first Twenty20 International (T20I) was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia.
As of 25 January 2021, England has played 1,030 Test matches, winning 376 and losing 305 (with 349 draws). The team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, the same number as their opponents Australia. England has also played 752 ODIs, winning 378, and its record in major ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups (1979, 1987 and 1992), and two ICC Champions Trophys (2004 and 2013). The team has played 126 T20Is, winning 64. They won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016.

England are currently ranked fourth in Tests, first in ODIs and first in T20Is by the ICC.

References 

Cricket in England
1877 establishments in the United Kingdom
National sports teams of England‎
Bernhard Lippert (7 October 1904 – 10 October 1946) was a German diplomat. He was the nephew of the founder of the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA), Ernst Röhm.

He was a member of the NSDAP. In 1934 he became the Attaché for Eastern Europe. On May 8, 1934 he became a commissar in the German consulate in Geneva.

1904 births
1940s deaths
German diplomats
Nazis
People from Salzburg
Franz Ritter von Epp (October 16, 1868 in Munich – December 31, 1946 in Munich) was a German politician and a military officer in the German Empire.

Between 1928 and 1945 he was a member of the German Reichstag. From 1933 to 1945 he was the Reichsstatthalter of Bavaria.

1868 births
1946 deaths
German generals
German military personnel of World War I
German nobility
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Politicians from Munich
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Heinrich Aloysius Maria Elisabeth Brüning (26 November 1885 in Münster – 30 March 1970 in Norwich, Vermont) was a German politician during the Weimar Republic. Between 1930 and 1932 he was the Chancellor of Germany.

Brüning opposed Nazism and stayed during the Nazi period in the United States, where he taught political science, after the war also in Germany.

1885 births
1970 deaths
Chancellors of the Weimar Republic
German academics
Government ministers of the Weimar Republic
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
German political scientists
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Prussian politicians
Refugees from Nazism
Theodor Eicke (Born : October 17, 1892 in Hampont,Alsace–Lorraine,Germany (Today part of France)–Died : February 26, 1943 near Lozova,Ukraine,Soviet Union) was an SS-Obergruppenführer of the SS and General of the Waffen-SS . He worked for the Bavarian Army from 1909-1919 before and after World War I in the German Empire which was led by Kaiser Wilhelm II (Emperor/Kaiser ; 1888-1918) . He joined the Schutzstaffel aka the SS in 1930 during the Weimar Era Germany and was later commandant of Dachau from June 1933-July 1934 and together with his adjutant Michael Lippert (1897-1969) however in December 1934 Eicke met Rudolf Höss . He also was one of the executioners of SA chief Ernst Röhm during the Night of the Long Knives purge taking orders from Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler and the most evil Nazi Officer . SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich in Nazi Germany
. In 1939 Eicke became commander of the SS Division Totenkopf of the Waffen-SS lead the division during World War 2 in the Battle of France in 1940 on the Western Front,Invasion Of Yugoslavia (1941) and Operation Barbarossa in 1941 and the Third Battle Of Kharkov in 1943 on the Eastern Front . He died in a plane crash when his plane was shot down during the Third Battle Of Kharkov of 1943 24 days after Battle Of Stalingrad in the RSFSR,Soviet Union  and just a year after Nazi Offical Fritz Todt died in a Plane Crash in February 1942 .
He was the commander of the concentration camp of Dachau. During the World War II was he the leader of the Totenkopf Division.

Eike was on behalf of the Nazi Party a member of the Reichstag. He was also a member of the SA.

1892 births
1943 deaths
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
SS officers
Waffen-SS generals
The House of Hanover began in the United Kingdom in 1714 on the death of the last Stuart monarch Anne.

It began with George I and ended with Queen Victoria in 1901 in the United Kingdom.

It was still in use in other countries.

The monarchs of the British House of Hanover are as follows.

References

 
Holy Roman Empire
Audio most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in signal form. It may also refer to:

Sound
Audio signal, an electrical representation of sound
Audio frequency, a frequency in the audio spectrum
Digital audio, representation of sound in a form processed and/or stored by computers or digital electronics
Audio, audible content (media) in audio production and publishing
Semantic audio, extraction of symbols or meaning from audio
Stereophonic audio, method of sound reproduction that creates an illusion of multi-directional audible perspective
Audio equipment

Entertainment
AUDIO (group), an American R&B band of 5 brothers formerly known as TNT Boyz and as B5
Audio (album), an album by the Blue Man Group
Audio (magazine), a magazine published from 1947 to 2000
Audio (musician), British drum and bass artist
"Audio" (song), a song by LSD

Computing
, an HTML element, see HTML5 audio
Related pages
Acoustic (disambiguation)
Audible (disambiguation)
Audiobook
Radio broadcasting
Sound recording and reproduction
Sound reinforcement
The Princess Amelia (7 August 1783 – 2 November 1810) was a member of the British Royal Family.

Amelia was the youngest daughter of King George III and Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was her father's favorite daughter. After her death at the age of 27 in 1810 George III had his final dissent into madness.

1785 births
1810 deaths
House of Hanover
Frederick, Prince of Wales, born Frederick Louis; (1 February 1707 – 31 March 1751) was the son of George II and Queen Caroline of Ansbach and the father of King George III.

He and his parents had many arguments. He died in 1751 after a lung injury. His son was his heir.

Issue

Other websites 
 History of the Monarchy - The Official Website of the British Monarchy
 Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales 
 Unusual royal deaths at Ward's Book of Days
 
 Henry Churchyard "Royal Genealogies, Part 9" 
 Sam Sloan "Big Combined Family Trees (pafg744)"
Bibliography 
 F S Ashley-Cooper, At the Sign of the Wicket: Cricket 1742-1751, Cricket Magazine, 1900
 G B Buckley, Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket, Cotterell, 1935
 Timothy J McCann, Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century, Sussex Record Society, 2004
 Thomson, Arthur Alexander: Odd Men In: A Gallery of Cricket Eccentics (The Pavilion Library, 1985).
 H T Waghorn, Cricket Scores, Notes, etc. (1730-1773), Blackwood, 1899
 H T Waghorn, The Dawn of Cricket, Electric Press, 1906
 Michael De-la-Noy, The King Who Never Was: The Story of Frederick, Prince of Wales, London; Chester Springs, PA: Peter Owen, 1996.
 John Walters, The Royal Griffin: Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1707-51, London: Jarrolds, 1972.

Princes and Princesses of Wales
House of Hanover
1707 births
1751 deaths
This is a list of the tallest buildings in Chicago.

Tallest buildings in Chicago

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the United States
 List of tallest buildings in the world

References

Other websites
 Emporis.com - Chicago High-rise Buildings
 Skyscraperpage.com - Chicago

Chicago
Buildings and structures in Chicago
Lists of buildings in the United States
The Trump International Hotel and Tower is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 415 meters (1,362 feet) tall and has 96 floors.  It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It is the third largest skyscraper in the USA (behind the One World Trade Center and the Willis Tower). It is the second tallest tower in Chicago.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in Chicago
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites 
 
 Official Website
 Emporis.com - Trump International Hotel & Tower
 SkycraperPage.com – Trump International Hotel & Tower

Skyscrapers in Chicago
Donald Trump
Buildings and structures completed in the 21st century
2009 establishments in Illinois
300 North LaSalle is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 239 meters (785 feet) tall and has 60 floors.  It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Emporis.com - 300 North LaSalle
 SkycraperPage.com – 300 North LaSalle

Skyscrapers in Chicago
2009 establishments in Illinois
Three First National Plaza is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 234 meters (767 feet) tall and has 57 floors.  It was built in 1981 and is one of the tallest buildings in Chicago

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in Chicago

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Emporis.com - Three First National Plaza
 SkycraperPage.com – Three First National Plaza

Skyscrapers in Chicago
1981 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Illinois
Chicago Title & Trust Building is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 230 meters (756 feet) tall and has 50 floors.  It was built in 1992 and is one of the tallest buildings in Chicago

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in Chicago
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites 
 Emporis.com - Chicago Title & Trust Building
 SkycraperPage.com – Chicago Title & Trust Building 

Skyscrapers in Chicago
1992 establishments in Illinois