Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The 2000 Ramallah lynching included throwing the dead body of either Vadim Nurzhitz or Yossi Avrahami out of a second-floor window after both of the Israeli soldiers had been murdered.
 On March 2, 2007, the Russian investigative journalist Ivan Safronov, who was researching the Kremlin's secret arms deals, fell to his death from a fifth-floor window. His friends said it was not suicide, and an investigation was opened looking into possible "incitement to suicide".
 In 2007 in Gaza, Fatah killed a Hamas supporter by defenestration. The next day, a Fatah supporter was defenestrated by Hamas.
References

Assassinations
The phylum Aquificae is a diverse collection of bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, and thermal ocean vents. Members of the genus Aquifex, for example, are productive in water between 85 and 95 °C. They are the dominant members of most terrestrial neutral to alkaline hot springs above 60 degrees Celsius. They are autotrophs and are the primary carbon fixers in these environments. They are true bacteria (domain bacteria) as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea. They are gram negative.

 
Extremophiles
Chloroflexi is one of four classes of bacteria that produce energy from light and are named for their green pigment, usually found in photosynthetic bodies. 

Chloroflexi are typically filamentous (they look like microscopic strings), and can move about through bacterial gliding. They are facultatively aerobic (they can survive with oxygen or without it), but do not produce oxygen in the process of producing energy from light, or phototrophy. Additionally Chloroflexi have a different method of phototrophy (photoheterotrophy) than true photosynthetic bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis (looking at DNA) indicates that they had a separate origin.

Bacteria
AKB48 is a Japanese idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto. He searched Akihabara to find members who are innovative, because the area has been energetic recently. They are very popular in Japan. The "AKB" name comes from Akihabara, which is their home ground. ().

On 2012-10-31, AKB48 sold over 20,000,000 records in Japan and became the best selling female group in J-POP history.

Concept
The group debuted in January 2009. There are 47 members in total. They have their very own theater called the "AKB48 theater" () in Akihabara, and they perform there everyday. AKB48's theater is located on the 8th floor of the shopping mall "Don Quixote Akihabara" (). The reason for this is because Akimoto wanted to change the idea of idols. Idols usually are presented in an unrealistic way in the media, so Akimoto's idea was to show idols as real people whom fans could interact with.
The group became popular for its concept of "Idols you can meet every day". Since they perform every day in the theater, in the days when they were less known their fans could visit every day and meet their favorite members afterwards. But now, AKB48 has so many fans that it is not possible to go to the theater every day. Instead, their fans must enter a lottery to win a ticket for the popular theater shows. 

They also hold "handshake events". Fans who buy a CD single of the group can get a ticket to the handshake event, and get the chance to meet a member and shake her hand for ten seconds.
Also, there are sister groups such as SKE48, SDN48, NMB48, HKT48, JKT48, SNH48, TPE48 and MNL48. "SKE" name is derived from Sakae (),"NMB" is from Namba (), "HKT" is from Hakata (), "JKT" is from Jakarta, "SNH" is from Shanghai (),  "TPE" is from Taipei () and "MNL" is from Manila.  Also, the name "SDN" is derived from "Saturday Night". SDN48 consisted of members aged 20 or over. It had a more sexy, adult image, but it eventually split up.

Name
AKB is a short form for Akihabara. During the first phase of this project, the name "Akihabara 48" was decided. It is popularly thought that the number 48 means the number of members, but instead it refers to the name of the group's President's office; "office48". The office is located in Chiba Prefecture, and in Japanese pronunciation, "Chiba" and "48" sound similar.
Members
Because there are so many AKB48 members, they don't perform all at the same time. Instead, AKB48 consists of 5 teams called "Team A", "Team K", "Team B", "Team 4", and "Team 8". Most of the group's members are in one of these teams.  Each team holds individual performances at the AKB theatre. These performances are a unique set list of around 15 to 20 songs, known as "stages". Each team has more than 20 members. For members who do not have enough experience to join a team, they are part of a group of "research students". The research students can take the place of a team member during performances if she is sick or unable to perform. When they are thought to have enough experience, they can join a team.
"Senbatsu Members"
Due to the large number of members, only a few members are picked by their producer when making media appearances. The members picked are called "senbatsu members", because "senbatsu" is a Japanese word meaning "selection". Senbatsu members have "earned" the privilege of representing the group during media appearances, and are chosen in different ways. The most famous is the election.

Election
There are four big elections to decide who sings new songs. You can get tickets to vote in the election when you buy specific CDs or related goods by AKB48. The member who ranks at number one in the election will become the "center" of their new song. This means they will stand in the front and center for the dance, and they will get a starring role in the song's music video.
AKB48 First Election
The first election of AKB48 happened from June 23th to July 7th 2009. The results were announced at a concert venue called Akasaka BLITZ ( BLITZ). The top 21 in this election got the right to sing in their 13th single CD "Iiwake Maybe". Atsuko Maeda was ranked number 1 "center".

AKB48 Second Election
The second election of AKB48 happened from May 25th to June 8th 2010, and results were announced at JCB Hall (JCB). The top 21 in this election got the right to sing in the 17th single CD "Heavy Rotation". The top 12 were called "Media Senbatsu". They were chosen to promote new information on media such as TV and radio. Yuko Oshima was ranked number 1 "center".

AKB48 Third Election
The third election of AKB48 happened from May 24th to June 8th 2011. Results were announced at Nihon Budoukan (). Top 21 in this election got the right to sing in the 22th single CD "Flying Get". Atsuko Maeda was ranked number 1 "center".
AKB48 Fourth Election
The fourth election of AKB48, from May 22th to June 5th 2012. Results announced at Nihon Budoukan (). Top 16 in this election got the right to sing in their 27th single CD "Gingham Check". Yuko Oshima was ranked number 1 "center".

AKB48 Fifth Election
The fifth election of AKB48 took place from May 21st to June 7th 2013, with results announced at Nissan Stadium (). Top 16 in this election can get the right to sing 32th single CD "Koi Suru Fortune Cookie". Rino Sashihara was ranked number 1 "center".

AKB48 Sixth Election 
The sixth election of AKB48 took place from May 20st to June 6th 2014, with results announced at Ajinomoto Stadium (味の素スタジアム). Top 16 in this election can get the right to sing 37th single CD "Kokoro no Placard". Mayu Watanabe was ranked number 1 "center".

AKB48 Seventh Election
The seventh election of AKB48 took place from May 19th to June 5th 2015, with results announced at Fukuoka Yahoo Auction Dome (福岡 ヤフオク!ドーム). Top 16 in this election can get the right to sing 41st single CD "Halloween Night". Rino Sashihara was ranked number 1 "center".

Discography

Indies labels 
 "Sakura no Hanabiratachi"
 "Skirt, Hirari"

Major labels
"Aitakatta"
 "Seifuku ga Jama wo Suru"
 "Keibetsu Shiteita Aijou"
 "Bingo!"
 "Boku no Taiyou"
 "Yuuhi wo Miteiru ka?"
 "Romance, Irane"
 "Sakura no Hanabiratachi 2008"
 "Baby! Baby! Baby!" (Digital Single)
 "Oogoe Diamond"
 "Juunen Zakura"
 "Namida Surprise!"
 "Iiwake Maybe"
 "River"
 "Sakura no Shiori"
 "Ponytail to Shushu"
 "Heavy Rotation"
 "Beginner"
 "Chance no Junban"
 "Sakura no Ki ni Narou"
 "Everyday, Katyusha"
 "Flying Get"
 "Kaze wa Fuiteiru"
 "Ue kara Mariko"
 "Give Me Five!"
 "Manatsu no Sounds Good!"
 "Gingham Check"
 "UZA"
 "Eien Pressure"
 "So Long!"
 "Sayonara Crawl"
 "Koisuru Fortune Cookie"
 "Heart Electric"
 "Kimi no Hohoemi wo Yume ni Miru"
 "Mae shika Mukanee"
 "Labrador Retriever (lagu)"
 "Kokoro no Placard"
 "Kibouteki Refrain"
 "Green Flash"
 "Bokutachi wa Tatakawanai"
 "Halloween Night"
 "Kuchibiru ni Be My Baby"
 "Kimi wa Melody"
 "Tsubasa wa Iranai"
 "Love Trip / Shiawase wo Wakenasai"
 "High Tension (lagu)"
 "Shoot Sign"
 "Negaigoto no Mochigusare"
 "#Sukinanda"
"#Sukinanda"
 "11gatsu no Anklet"
 "Jabaja"
 "Teacher Teacher"
 "Sentimental Train"
 "No Way Man"
 "Jiwaru Days"
 "Sustainable"
 "Shitsuren, Arigatou"
 "Nemo Hamo Rumor"
 "Motokare Desu"
 "Hisashiburi no Lip Gloss"
 "Doushitemo Kimi ga Suki da"
 "idol nanka janakattara"
Awards
The following table lists some of the major awards received by the group.

References

Japanese girl groups
J-pop bands
Musicians from Tokyo
Musical groups established in 2005
2005 establishments in Japan
is a Japanese female electropop group from Hiroshima, Japan. The members are Ayano Ōmoto, Yuka Kashino and Ayaka Nishiwaki.  They started in 2001 and joined a major label in 2005. As of June 2009, the group has released nine major label singles to great success.

Since 2003, Perfume has been produced by Yasutaka Nakata, founder of the group Capsule and the Contemode label. The group's original sound changed to electronic, dance and pop music taking on Auto-Tune and electro house when they joined major label.

Profile
Yuka Kashino (Kashiyuka)

Birth: 1988.12.23

Blood type: A

Hobbies and favorite things: 
Ice cream, hair care, sparkling jewelry, photography, memorizing lines of commercials.

Ayano Omoto (Nocchi)

Birth: 1988.9.20

Blood type: A

Hobbies: Sleeping, watching TV and movies, reading books, making Misanga, aroma, photography, shopping

Special skills: Working hard and detailed, puzzles.

Ayaka Nishiwaki (A-chan)

Birth: 1989.2.15

Blood: A
Blood: A

Hobbies and favorite things: Flower pattern design, lace, sparkling things, mascara, pink pajamas

Special skills: Health and fitness enthusiast.

History
Perfume formed in 2000.
In 2003 in Tokyo, they met someone who would become a crucial to their success - Capsule's Yasutaka Nakata,
who is the main producer for them.
 
They released Linear Motor girl, which managed to chart on the oricon chart on September 21, 2005.
Also they released two other singles, "Computer City" and "Electro World" in 2006.
In 2008, They released "Polyrhythm", which Perfume is famous for. It reached #7 on oricon chart. 
 In 2011 Perfume switched labels, and their single ''Spring of Life'' was their first under Universal Music Japan.

Discography
These are some of Perfume's singles.

Indie Singles

2002.03.21 Omajinai★Perori (OMAJINAI★ペロリ)
2002.11.01 Kareshi Boshūchū (彼氏募集中)
2003.08.06 Sweet Donuts (スウィートドーナッツ)
2004.03.17 Monochrome Effect (モノクロームエフェクト)
2004.09.08 Vitamin Drop (ビタミンドロップ)
Major Singles
2005.09.21 Linear Motor Girl (リニアモーターガール)
2006.01.11 Computer City (コンピューターシティ)
2006.06.28 Electro World (エレクトロ・ワールド)
2007.02.14 Fan Service [sweet] (ファン・サーヴィス[sweet])
2007.09.12 Polyrhythm (ポリリズム)
2008.01.16 Baby cruising Love/Macaroni (Baby cruising Love/マカロニ)
2008.07.09 love the world
2008.11.19 Dream Fighter
2009.03.25 One Room Disco (ワンルーム・ディスコ)
2010.04.14 Fushizenna Girl / Natural ni Koishite (不自然なガール / ナチュラルに恋して)
2010.08.11 VOICE
 2010.11.10 Nee (ねぇ)
 2011.05.18 Laser Beam / Kasukana Kaori (レーザービーム / 微かなカオリ)
 2011.11.02 Spice (スパイス)
 2012.04.11 Spring of Life
 2012.08.15 Spending all my time
 2013.02.27 Mirai no Museum (未来のミュージアム)
 2013.05.22 Magic of Love
 2013.11.27 Sweet Refrain
 2014.07.16 Cling Cling
 2015.04.29 Relax in the City / Pick Me Up
 2015.10.28 STAR TRAIN
 2016.03.16 FLASH

References

Other websites
Perfume global site
Perfume official site: Biography 

J-pop bands
People from Hiroshima
Musical groups established in 2001
Musicians from Hiroshima Prefecture
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to control its body temperature within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is different. This is an aspect of homeostasis: the keeping of a constant internal environment.

Endotherms 
So-called warm-blooded animals control the temperature of their body at quite a high level. This ability is called endothermy. All mammals and birds are endotherms (homeotherms or homoiotherms). The basic source of the heat is chemical energy from the body's metabolism. They have a number of temperature-control devices:
When they are cold they can do things to make themselves warmer. For example, they "shiver", or shake, or run about, or move into a warmer place. This is because all movement by animals creates heat from the chemical reactions of respiration. So polar bears do not freeze because their metabolism produces heat, and movement produces more heat. During hibernation bears exist several degrees lower that they do in active life. Of course, warm-blooded animals have thermal insulation: hair, feathers, or in water blubber (thick fat). These adaptations help keep heat energy inside the animal.
When they are warm they sweat to become cooler, or pant, or open their feathers, or move to a less hot place and lie down.
Hibernation 
In the colder climates many mammals hibernate or aestivate. This means they have a two-level metabolism. Their temperature is held at a high level when they are active, and at a lower level when they are hibernating. This has the advantage of saving energy during times when they cannot get enough food to keep up the higher temperature.

Humans 
The human body has automatic responses to help regulate temperature. When the external environment heats up, arterioles leading to the capillary loops in the dermis dilate (widen). This increases blood flow to the surface of the skin where its heat can more easily radiate away. This process is called vasodilation. Sweat glands also produce greater amounts of sweat. This liquid is secreted onto the surface of the skin. Sweat needs energy to turn from a liquid into a gas and evaporate. This energy is called the latent heat of vaporisation. The body supplies this heat and so it cools down as the sweat evaporates.
If the body is unable to maintain a normal temperature and it increases significantly above normal, a condition known as hyperthermia occurs. This occurs when the body is exposed to temperatures of approximately 55 °C; any exposure longer than a few hours at this temperature or up to around 70 °C kills. The opposite condition, when body temperature decreases below normal levels, is known as hypothermia.

Fossil groups 
Palaeontologists are fairly certain that some fossil groups were endotherms. Obvious examples are pterosaurs, whose bodies were covered by hair (or hair-like filaments), and the smaller carnivorous dinosaurs which evolved feathers ("dinobirds"). It is thought that feathers originally functioned to keep body temperature higher. They appear on bird-like dinosaurs before there were any flying birds (Anchiornis huxlei), and they appear on dinosaurs which are too heavy to fly at all.
Heterotherms 
Heterothermy is a term for animals that have features of both ectothermy and endothermy. They can switch between strategies.

Basic physiology 
The fundamental idea is that smaller endothermic animals have, relative to their mass, a larger body surface. "Heat loss takes place from the surface, and in order to keep warm, an animal must produce heat at a rate equal to its loss".

Animals 'make' heat by the metabolism inside their bodies, but lose heat through their surface (mostly their skin). Now, their bodies are three-dimensional, whereas their surface is two-dimensional. So, if an animal of length X doubles its length, then its surface area increases by about X2, but its body mass increases by about X3. Example:
A three-inch-long animal doubles its length to six inches. As a result, its surface area increases in proportion 3x3 = 9 square inches. Its body mass increases in proportion 3x3x3 = 27 cubic inches. Since energy production is related to body mass, the animal is better off in its energy balance.
Thus larger animals are much more "energy efficient" than smaller animals. Large animals lose heat relatively slower than small animals because their surface area is smaller in proportion.
Strategies for small animals 
Small warm-blooded animals have three main tactics for overcoming this problem of heat loss. First, they have a higher metabolic rate than large animals. This is universal in birds and mammals: only the details differ. A higher metabolic rate affects the whole of their lives, and is the main reason why they have shorter lives than large animals.p58/9 The smallest mammals (shrews) and the smallest hummingbirds are about the same size and weight. They have fast heartbeats, up to 1,200 per minute,p129 and they use up more calories per gram than any other endotherms. The rate of oxygen use is similarly high. As a result of the metabolism running at such a high rate, they do produce more heat per gram than any other living things.
Second, many allow their temperature to drop at night. Many hummingbirds go into a trance-like torpor at night. 
"One bird... increased its heart rate [in the morning] from about 150 beats per minute at 21 degrees C to over 1000 beats per minute at 36 degrees C".

In that state, they are less aware and less able to take flight, so there is a greater risk of predators. However, when they are asleep they cannot feed, and at their normal rate of metabolism they need sugar regularly. The torpor is their way of saving energy which they cannot replace until the next day.
Thirdly, almost all endotherms are insulated to reduce heat loss. Obviously that is true of birds (which have feathers) and land mammals (which have fur). Marine mammals have thick layers of fat under their skin, which is better insulation than wet fur. The exceptions are some very large mammals such as elephants, which have almost no fur. Their problem is how to get rid of heat, and that is a problem for all really large land animals. The African elephant's solution is to have large ears, which are well supplied with blood vessels, and to wallow in water if that is available. It is very likely that the same problem affected large dinosaurs. After all, the largest titanosaurs were far larger than any land animal alive today.

Ectotherms 

Ectotherms are what is often called "cold-blooded". To function properly they need some heat, and usually this is heat from their surroundings. Many need heat in order to digest their food.
Many supposedly cold-blooded animals do things to keep their temperature higher than the surrounding air or water. Fast-moving fish, like tunny, and some sharks, keep their temperature above the level of the surrounding water. Reptiles such as lizards and snakes sit in the sun when they are cold and in the shade when they are hot. Some insects control their temperature, especially colonial insects. Termite mounds have 'air conditioning': their system of openings and galleries allows currents of air to flow through the mound. Honey bees fan their wings to cool their colony. However, many smaller invertebrates do not control their body temperature at all.

Variable temperature 
An animal whose internal temperature varies considerably.  is a poikilotherm (noun), poikilothermic (adjective). The term is preferred to cold-blooded by some scientists.

References
References

Further reading 
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut 1972. How animals work. Cambridge University Press. . Basic information on heat balance and heat exchange in animals.

Physiology
Zoology
Auto-Tune is a proprietary audio processor made by Antares Audio Technologies. Auto-Tune uses a ph vocoder to fix pitch in vocal and instrumental performances. It is used to hide out of tune singing and mistakes. It lets singers perform perfectly tuned vocal tracks without needing to sing in tune. Its main purpose is to slightly bend sung pitches to the nearest true semitone. Auto-Tune can also be used as an effect to distort the human voice when pitch is raised/lowered a lot.

Auto-Tune can be used as a plug-in for professional audio multi-tracking suites used in a studio setting, and as a stand-alone, rack-mounted unit for live performance processing. Auto-Tune has become standard equipment in professional recording studios.

Auto-Tune was first created by Andy Hildebrand, an engineer working for Exxon. Hildebrand developed methods for interpreting seismic data, and then realized that the technology could be used to detect, analyze, and modify pitch.

In popular music
In popular music

Auto-Tune was used for vocal effects on Cher's "Believe", recorded in 1998. This was the first major hit song to use the software for this purpose. At first the sound engineers claimed that they had used a vocoder, in what Sound on Sound said was an attempt to keep a trade secret. After the massive success of "Believe", many artists copied the technique, which became known as the "Cher Effect". It can be heard in songs of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Some notable examples are Gigi D'Agostino's "La Passion" and Janet Jackson's US Number 1 hit "All For You". Auto-Tune became famous again in the mid-2000s when R&B singer T-Pain made active use of it in his songs. This technique has been copied by many other modern R&B and pop artists, including Usher, Beyoncé, Rihanna, and Justin Bieber. T-Pain has even had an iPhone App named after him that copies the effect called "I Am T-Pain".
The Boston Herald revealed that country music stars Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have both said they are using Auto-Tune in performance. They said it is a safety net that guarantees a good performance. Sara Evans, John Michael Montgomery and Gary LeVox of the group Rascal Flatts also use Auto-Tune to fix pitch problems. However, other country music singers, such as Loretta Lynn, Allison Moorer, Trisha Yearwood, Vince Gill, Garth Brooks, Martina McBride, and Patty Loveless, have refused to use Auto-Tune.

YouTube musical group The Gregory Brothers have joined their original music tracks with Auto-Tuned versions of mundane evening news video clips, making fun of everyone from President Barack Obama to Antoine Dodson. The popularity of their YouTube channel led the Gregory Brothers to release many of their songs on iTunes.
Artist backlash
In 2002, the CD Miss Fortune by singer-songwriter Allison Moorer was released with a sticker stating that "Absolutely no vocal tuning or pitch correction was used in the making of this record". At the 51st Grammy Awards in early 2009, the band Death Cab for Cutie wore blue ribbons to protest the use of Auto-Tune in the music industry. Later that spring, Jay-Z named the lead single of his album The Blueprint 3 as "D.O.A. (Death of Auto-Tune)". Jay-Z said that far too many people had jumped on the Auto-Tune bandwagon and that the trend had become a gimmick. Christina Aguilera appeared in public in Los Angeles on August 10, 2009 wearing a T-shirt that read, "Auto Tune is for Pussies". However, when interviewed by Sirius/XM, she said that Auto-Tune wasn't bad if used "..in a creative way". She said her album Bionic uses the technology and highlighted "Elastic Love" being a product of it.
Criticism 
Opponents of the plug-in argue Auto-Tune people will not treat musicians with respect in they need help to stay in tune. A Chicago Tribune report from 2003 states that "many successful mainstream artists in most genres of music—perhaps a majority of artists—are using pitch correction".

In 2004, The Daily Telegraph music critic Neil McCormick called Auto-Tune a "particularly sinister invention that has been putting extra shine on pop vocals since the 1990s" by taking "a poorly sung note and transpos[ing] it, placing it dead center of where it was meant to be".
In 2009, Time magazine quoted an unnamed Grammy-winning recording engineer as saying, "Let's just say I've had Auto-Tune save vocals on everything from Britney Spears to Bollywood cast albums. And every singer now presumes that you'll just run their voice through the box." The same article hoped "that pop's fetish for uniform perfect pitch will fade", commenting that pop-music songs are sounding the same, as "track after track has perfect pitch."  Timothy Powell, a  producer/engineer stated in 2003 that he is "even starting to see vocal tuning devices show up in concert settings"; he states that "That's more of an ethical dilemma—people pay a premium dollar to see artists and artists want people to see them at their best."

The American television series Glee uses Auto-Tune in its songs. E! Online's Joal Ryan criticized the show for its "overproduced soundtrack", in particular, complaining that many songs rely too heavily on the software.
In 2010, there was controversy when British television reality TV show, The X Factor had been accused of using Auto-Tune to improve the voices of contestants, especially Gamu Nhengu. Simon Cowell ordered a ban on Auto-Tune for future episodes.

References

Other websites
 TuneWorx   - a pitch correcting module from SpectrumWorx
 Antares Auto-Tune EVO Pitch Correcting Plug-In  – product home page
 Pitchfork: Neko Case Interview – artistic integrity and Auto-Tune
 CBC Radio One Q: The Podcast for Thursday June 25, 2009 MP3  – NPR's Tom Moon on the takeover of the Autotune.
 "Auto-Tune", NOVA scienceNOW, PBS TV, June 30, 2009
 KnowYourMeme: Auto-Tune, the history of Auto-Tune and current use in popular media

Music software
Music technology
1997 in music
Masai Mara National Reserve  is a National Park in Kenya, East Africa. It was established in 1948 as a wildlife sanctuary, and has been made larger since then.

Masai Mara is a game reserve type of park, meant to protect the animals on the savannah of the Serengeti. It is named after the Maasi people, who are the traditional people of the area. Big as it is, the Masai Mara National Reserve is only a fraction of the Greater Mara Ecosystem.

The Mara is effectively the northern continuation of the Serengeti National Park game reserve in Tanzania.

The Great Migration 
This natural event is famous for involving a great population of large mammals. Huge numbers of herbivores migrate each year, followed by the big cats. The zebra, Thomson's gazelle, wildebeest, African buffalo, giraffe, elephants and others arrive to eat fresh grass after the rain, and later move on. Lions, leopards, cheetahs follow, and also vultures and hyaenas. hippos and Nile crocodiles are in the rivers. It is called The Great Migration.
The Great Migration is one of the most impressive natural events worldwide. Taking part each year are some 1,300,000 wildebeest, 500,000 Thomson's gazelles, 97,000 Topi, 18,000 eland, and 200,000 zebra. These plant-eating migrants are followed along their annual, circular route by hungry predators, most notably lions and hyena.

More than 470 species of birds have been identified in the park, many of which are migrants. Almost 60 species are raptors (birds of prey). Birds that call this area home for at least part of the year include: vultures, marabou storks, secretary birds, hornbills, crowned cranes, ostriches, long-crested Eagles, African pygmy-falcons and the lilac-breasted roller, which is the national bird of Kenya

References 

National parks in Africa
IUCN Category II
1948 establishments
20th-century establishments in Africa
Geography of Kenya
Helen Hayes Brown (October 10, 1900 – March 17, 1993) was an American actress. Her career lasted for almost 70 years. Known as the "First Lady of the American Theatre", she is one of only thirteen people to win all four main American entertainment awards - Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony. Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1986, the National Medal of Arts in 1988 and was awarded at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1981. Two Broadway theaters are named after her.

Early life 
Hayes was born in Washington D.C. on October 10, 1890. She was an only child. Her mother, Catherine Estelle Hayes, was an actress of Irish ancestry. Her father, Francis van Arnum Brown, was a meat salesman.
Hayes was an accomplished child. She went to a dancing school and sang very well. She began a stage career at the age of five, pushed by her mother. She also took her mother's maiden name as her stage name. By the age of ten, she had made a short movie. In 1917 Hayes graduated from the Academy of the Sacred Heart Convent in Washington.

Career 
Her first sound movie The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931) brought her Academy Award for Best Actress. The part she played in it was written by her husband, Charles MacArthur. Among her other successful movies of that time were Arrowsmith (1931), A Farewell to Arms (1932), What Every Woman Knows (1934).

Hayes liked working in theatre. Her most famous performance on Broadway was  the role of Queen Victoria in a play Victoria Regina (1938). She played leading parts in Coquette (1928) and Mary Of Scotland (1933) as well. Harvey (1970) became her last hit on stage. Hayes had to retire from theatre because of her asthma condition.
She continued her work in movies. Hayes won her second Academy Award in 1970 for Airport. This time for Supporting role.  During the later part of her career she was often in series and movies made for television. She successfully portrayed legendary character Miss Marple in several movies in 80s.

Personal life 

Hayes met her husband, Charles MacArthur, a playwright, in 1927. They married in August of 1928. They had a daughter, Mary, born in 1930. She became involved in acting, but died from polio at age 19. In 1938 Hayes and Charles adopted a son, James MacArthur, who grew up to be an actor. 

Charles MacArthur died in 1956. He had many years of illness and grief caused by his daughter's untimely death. Hayes never married again. 

She published four autobiographies: A Gift of Joy (1965), On Reflection (1968), Twice Over Lightly (1972), and My Life in Three Acts (1990).
Death 
Hayes died on March 17, 1993 from heart failure in the hospital of Nyack, New York. She was 92. She was buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery, next to her husband and daughter.

Movies

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Official site

1900 births
1993 deaths
Actors from Washington, D.C.
American autobiographers
American movie actors
American stage actors
Deaths from heart failure
Emmy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Academy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Ray Crawford (October 26, 1915 - February 1, 1996) was an American racecar driver.

Crawford was born in Roswell, New Mexico. He died in Los Angeles, California.  He drove in the American Automobile Association and United States Automobile Club Championship Car series, racing in the 1954-1959 seasons with 13 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in 1955-1956, and 1959.  He finished in the top ten 6 times.

References

1915 births
1996 deaths
American racecar drivers
Roswell, New Mexico
Baryons are composite subatomic particles made of an odd number of valence quarks (at least three quarks). The most familiar baryons are the protons and neutrons which make up most of the visible matter in the universe. Electrons (the other major component of the atom) are leptons.

Since all quarks have a spin of 1/2, all baryons have a spin of 1/2 or 3/2 (the spins can cancel out). 1/2 spin baryons have the lowest energy state. 3/2 spin baryons are extremely unstable, and only live for 10-23 seconds. After that, they jump down to a lower energy state by releasing photons containing energy. These 3/2 spin baryons are known as higher energy resonances.

All particles with 1/2 spin (or 3/2 spin) are called fermions, and obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. This means that no two fermions can be in the same point in space at the same time. This is not true for the other type of subatomic particle, called a boson. More than one boson—like a photon—can exist in the same point in space at the same time.
Baryons are one of two types of hadrons, which are particles made of quarks. The other type of hadron is called a meson.

The name baryon comes from Greek "barys," meaning heavy.

References

Subatomic particles
The Upper Triassic is the last epoch in the Triassic period. It began 237 million years ago, and ended 201.3 million years ago. It was after the Middle Triassic epoch, and before the Lower Jurassic epoch.

Many early dinosaur species appeared for the first time during the Upper Triassic. These included Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, and Eoraptor. The discovery of Herrerasaurus and Saurosuchus makes it quite clear that the dinosaurs were taking hold of the land environments.

Pterosaurs were common in the air, and ichthyosaurs dominated the seas.

At the end of the Upper Triassic some event or events caused the extinction of many animal species worldwide. This was the end–Triassic extinction event. It was similar to the more famous event that lead to the extinction of the dinosaurs. No one knows for sure what caused the event.

Carnian pluvial event 
Although the Triassic period was, in general, a dry period with the inland areas often being deserts, the Upper Triassic epoch saw a big change.
The Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) was a major global climate change and biotic turnover with many extinctions. It was early in the Upper Triassic, about 230 million years ago. Shifts in carbon and oxygen isotopes suggest a global warming. 

Major changes in organisms responsible for calcium carbonate production occurred during the CPE. Carbonate sedimentation stopped in deep water settings of Southern Italy. 

High extinction rates occurred among ammonoids, conodonts, bryozoa and crinoids. Major evolutionary innovations followed the CPE. The dinosaurs became established. In the seas there were calcareous nannofossils and scleractinian corals.

References 

Triassic
Originally, Fondue was a dish where pieces of bread, potatoes, or other vegetables were dipped into hot, molten cheese. Fondue is common in Switzerland, Piedmont, and Savoie. With the time, the meaning of fondue was extended: With Fondue bourguinonne, pieces of meat (usually beef) are dipped into hot oil. Fondue chinoise uses stripes of meat which are cooked.

Fondue chinoise and Fondue bouriginonne are served with different sauces or dips. The cheese-based variety uses a mixture of cheese, white wine, and starch to prepare the molten cheese.

History

A great number of people believe that fondue is a very old country way to make food of hard cheese and hard bread. Both Swiss and French people make fondue from the old time. It is most likely first made in the Jura mountains.
The oldest certain directions for making fondue used eggs and came from Vaud in the early 19th century. A great number of Swiss places and towns came up with very special directions for making fondue based on cheeses, wines and other substances of the town. 

Fondue became pleasing to a great number of people in the United States through the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Preparation

In addition to the bread and cheese, there are side plates of garlic, pickled cucumber, onions and olives.

To give a special quality of taste, the caquelon is first rubbed with a cut garlic. Wine and cheese are added and heated and moved till they are warm and liquid. A small amount of starch is added to join the substances. Some strong alcohol from cherries is added just before bringing it to the table.

The most common directions use 1 decilitre of dry white wine and 200 grams of cheese for every person. The cheese is a mix of hard cheese (such as Gruyère) and semi-hard (such as Emmental cheese).
Temperature and La Religieuse

A cheese fondue would be kept at a temperature warm enough to keep the fondue smooth and liquid but not at a great heat to cause burning. 

If the temperature is good, there will be a thin hard cover of toasted (not burnt) cheese at the lowest part of the caquelon. 

This is the la religieuse (French for the nun). It has the structure of a thin cracker and is lifted out and every person is given a bit. In Switzerland sometimes boys and girls fight over the burnt cheese at the lowest part of the caquelon.

Other fondues

Fondue Bourguignonne is named after Burgundy in France. Fondue Bourguignonne uses a pot of heated oil to cook. Bits of meat are put into the oil to quickly cook them. A number of sauces are made ready on the side. The earliest statements of this dish seem to have been made in the 1950s.
Fondue Chinoise uses a pot of heated liquid to cook. Thin bits of meat (often beef) are put into a very warm thin meat soup. As with a Fondue Bourguignonne, a number of sauces are made ready on the side. At the end of the meal, the liquid from the pot is drunk as a thick soup.

Chocolate Fondue was first made in the 1960s. Slices of fruit or cake are put in a pot of warm, liquid chocolate.

Good behavior

It would not be good to touch the fork with the tongue, because the fork will go back into the common pot. At a meat fondue, one uses a second fork to take meat off the fork that goes into the common pot. 

In Switzerland what has been done for a long time, is that if a bit of bread is lost in the cheese by a man, he gives money for a bottle of wine. If it is lost by a woman, she kisses the man at her left.

References and notes

Other websites
 

French food
Swiss food
Megaupload was a website that allowed people to upload and download files.  It had several sister websites including Megavideo, Megapix, Megalive and others. It is based in Hong Kong.

It allowed users who do not have an account to upload and download files up to 1 GB. People with free accounts got 200 GB of space. People with paid accounts had unlimited space. After uploading a file, a URL can be used to access and download it.

It would stay there for
 Users without accounts - 21 days.
 Free accounts - 90 days
 Paid accounts - forever
The website was supported by advertising.  It gave incentives to people who uploaded the files that were downloaded the most. The website displayed advertising as users downloaded the files.

Visitors
 Unique visitors per days: 50 million
 Page Views per month: 1 billion
 Registered users : 150 million
 Depth view: 26
 Reach: 2.2%

Legal case
Legal case

On 19 January 2012 the United States Department of Justice seized and shut down the file hosting site Megaupload.com and commenced criminal cases against its owners and others. Worldwide, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested Kim Schmitz (Founder), Finn Batato (CMO), Mathias Ortmann (CTO and co-founder), with Bram van der Kolk arrested by the Organised and Financial Crime Agency of New Zealand.  Their bail request was denied in New Zealand court as it was opposed by US authorities on the case. On January 20 Hong Kong Customs froze more than HK$300 million (US$39 million) in assets belonging to the company.
The case drew particular public attention because the arrests were on the day after a large protest of proposed legislation to expand United States legal authority against foreign piracy websites. Shortly afterward, the Department of Justice's website and a number of other organisations' websites were taken offline following concerted denial of service attacks from activist group Anonymous.

A group spokesperson described the attacks as "the single largest Internet attack in [the group's] history" in an interview, adding that it was "a terrible case of happenstance that federal agents went after Megaupload only hours after the thousands of sites protesting in an anti-SOPA blackout went back online. Web surfers were by-and-far ready to defend an open Internet ... the feds 'could not have chosen a worse time to take down Megaupload'."  He noted that from commencement until the point the government's web servers were offline was a mere 70 minutes.
Besides the Department of Justice's justice.gov, the Denial of Service attack included Universal Music Group, Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and the website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Even without SOPA having been passed yet, the federal government always had tremendous power to do some of the things that they want to do. So if this is what can occur without SOPA being passed, imagine what can occur after SOPA is passed,” Brown told RT. Anonymous also attacked the website of France's anti-piracy organisation. 
 
On 19 January 2012 Anonymous released a statement on Pastebin.com accepting responsibility of the mass attacks on websites including those of RIAA, MPAA, BMI, FBI and others.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Websites established in 2005
Amoebiasis, also known as amebiasis or entamoebiasis, is an  intestinal infection caused by  amoebas of the Entamoeba group. The infection is usually caused by Entamoeba histolytica. The infection is normally got when someone drinks water with the parasite in it.

In some cases, the parasite lives in a person's large intestine and does not cause any symptoms. Symptoms vary from serious to none at all. There may be abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, bloody diarrhoea or severe colitis with tissue death and perforation. This last complication may cause peritonitis. People affected may develop anaemia due to loss of blood.

Amoebiasis is usually transmitted by water contaminated with faeces. It can also be got indirectly by contact with dirty hands or objects.
Infection is spread by ingesting the cyst form of the parasite. This tough and semi-dormant structure is found in faeces. Since amoebiasis is transmitted by contaminated food and water, it is often endemic in parts of the world with poor sanitation (such as México, Central America, western South America, South Asia, and western and southern Africa).

Amoebic dysentery is often confused with "traveller's diarrhoea" because of its prevalence in developing nations. In fact, most traveller's diarrhoea is bacterial or viral in origin.

E. histolytica infections occur in both the intestine and (in people with symptoms) in tissue of the intestine and/or liver. So, two different classes of drugs are needed to treat the infection, one for each location. Such anti-amoebic drugs are known as amoebicides.

References 

Diseases caused by protozoa
Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Aga Khan II (; ) the formal name for Aqa Ali Shah (. He was born in 1830 in Mahallat, Iran and died in August 1885 in Pune, India). He was a Muslim leader. He was the 47th Imam of a religious group called Nizari Ismaili Muslims. He became the Imam in 1881. He was a member of the Iranian royal family. He worked to improve his own community and the Muslim community in India. He really enjoyed sports and hunting.

Early life
Aqa Ali Shah was the oldest son of Aga Khan I. He was an Iranian Prince. He was also a descendent of the Prophet Muhammad. The Prophet's daughter Fatima and son-in-law Ali b. Abi Talib were Aqa Ali Shah's ancestors. He lived in Iraq, Persia, and India during his childhood.

The Ismaili Imamat 
Aqa Ali Shah became Imam of the Ismailis when his father died in 1881,. He also got his father's title of Aga Khan. Aga Khan II continued a good relationship with the British.

He opened several schools for his followers in Bombay and other places.
When he died in 1885, his 7-year-old son became Imam, Aga Khan III.

Sports and hobbies 
The first Aga Khan owned some of the best Arabian horses in the world. Aqa Ali Shah kept these horses too. He was good at riding them. He liked other sports and hunting very much. He was famous for hunting tigers in India. Sometimes he chased tigers on foot. He was so good at shooting guns that he killed at least forty tigers that way.

References

1830 births
1885 deaths
Iranian Islamic religious leaders
Steve Berry (born in 1955) is an American author, professor and former attorney currently living in St. Augustine, Florida.

Steve Berry first appeared in print with his historical books The Amber Room and The Romanov Prophecy in 2003 and 2004. Berry had been writing since 1990, and it took him 12 years and 85 rejections (over five different editions) to finally sell a manuscript to Ballantine Books. Berry credits the nuns who taught him in Catholic school about how to write novels and contact publishers.

Today, Berry has nearly 11 million books in print, which have been translated into 37 languages and sold in 50 countries. Berry focuses his time on writing or planning new novels, teaching writing to people all over the world, golfing or spending time on the beach.

References

Other websites

1955 births
Living people
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from Florida
Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (Sometimes called Anastasia: The Story of Anna) is a 1986 Golden Globe and Emmy Award-winning TV movie, starring Amy Irving, Olivia de Havilland, Omar Sharif and Christian Bale. The movie was loosely based on the story of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia and the novel The Riddle of Anna Anderson by Peter Kurth. It was Christian Bale's first movie and was originally broadcast in two parts.

Plot 
The movie is about Anna Anderson, who believes that she is Anastasia, daughter of Nicholas II of Russia. Anna first tells her story in the 1920s when she is at a Berlin psychiatric hospital. Her story of escape from the Bolsheviks who killed the rest of her family in 1918 seems so vivid that many Russians believe her. She slowly gains more trust, but the Romanov family does not believe her. The movie never reveals if Anna really is Anastasia.

Awards

References

Other websites
Television movies
1980s historical movies
1986 movies
Movies about amnesia
Movies about royalty
Movies based on books
Movies set in Russia
Movies set in Germany
Movies set in Berlin
Movies set in palaces
Movies set in the 1910s
Movies set in the 1920s
1980s English-language movies
Emmy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston (; March 23, 1887, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – September 27, 1967, Paris, France), was best known for murdering Grigori Rasputin. Rasputin was the faith healer who was said to have influenced Tsar Nicholas II and Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna in their decisions. Felix Yusupov was never punished for this murder.

References 

1887 births
1967 deaths
Russian princes and princesses
House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
LGBT royalty
Russian LGBT people
The Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL) is a laboratory in America that studies DNA. It is run by the United States Armed Forces.

AFDIL usually uses fingerprints from ID card records.

Forensics
Military of the United States
Research organizations in the United States
A hallux valgus, also called bunion, is when the bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe becomes larger. The big toe (hallux) may turn in toward the second toe, and the tissues around it can become swollen and red.

Feet
The family Aquificaceae are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings such as hot springs, sulfur pools, and hydrothermal vents. Although they are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea. 

Aquificae
The family Hydrogenothemaceae are bacteria that live in environments not good for humans. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, thermal ocean vents. They are the only bacteria that live there (things like the Archaea are not bacteria).

Aquificae
Sampooran Singh Kalra, known as Gulzar (born 18 August 1936) is a songwriter, poet and movie director from India. He has written songs for many Hindi movies.

Gulzar co-wrote the song "Jai Ho" for the movie Slumdog Millionaire. The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

References 

Indian writers
Living people
1936 births
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Indian songwriters
Vishal Bhardwaj (born 4 August 1965) is an n Hindi movie director. He has also composed music for many Hindi movies.

References

Indian movie directors
Living people
1965 births
Bollywood playback singers