Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Milestones of the game 
 550 AD: Northwestern India
 600AD: First clear reference to chess, in a Persian manuscript describes chess coming to Persia (Iran) from India.
 ~700AD: Date of first undoubted chess pieces.
 800AD: Moors bring chess to Spain and Sicily.
 900AD: Early Muslim chess masters, as-Suli and al-Lajlaj write works on the technique of chess.
 1000AD: Chess widespread in Europe, including Russia.
 1300AD: First European comments on chess in sermons and stories.
 1475–1500AD: Birth of the modern game: especially, new moves for queen and bishop.
 1495: First printed chess book. 
 1497: First printed chess book to survive to the present day.
 1600: First professional player-writers.
 1780s: First master games to be recorded as they were played. 
 1836: First chess magazine.
 1849: First US chess tournament. 
 1851: First international chess tournament.
 1866: First match to be timed by clock.
 1883: First tournament to use specially designed chess clocks.
1886: First acknowledged world championship match.
 1927: First chess Olympiad, with FIDE as the organisers.
 1960: Numerical rating of players becomes standard.
The origin of the game 

Earlier forms of chess cane from northern India during the Gupta empire, where its early form in the 6th century was known as Chaturanga. This translates as 'the four divisions', meaning infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.p173; p74

Persian and Arabic chess 
In Sassanid Persia around 600 the name became Chatrang and the rules were developed further, and players started calling Shāh! (Persian for 'King') when threatening the opponent's king, and Shāh māt! (Persian for 'the king is finished') when the king could not escape from attack. These exclamations persisted in chess as it travelled to other lands.
The game was taken up by the Muslim world after the Islamic conquest of Persia, with the pieces largely retaining their Persian names; in Arabic "māt" or "māta" مَاتَ means "died", "is dead". In Arabic, the game became Shatranj. In all other languages, the name of the game is derived either from shatranj or from shah.

Changes in names of pieces 
The following table provides a glimpse of the changes in the names and character of chess pieces, as they passed from one culture to another, from India through Persia to Europe:p221
Changes in the Arabic names of pieces happened over several centuries after the game arrived in Europe. Most changed were the pieces which had no equivalent in Europe, such as the elephant, the visier (an advisor: the firzan or wazir), and the chariot (rukhkh). The greatest variety of names was for the elephant,p424 which was not seen in Europe, and so not used in war. In Spain names derived from Arabic lasted for centuries (alfil, aufin, orfil...). Eventually, all but France used a word for "bishop". In a similar manner, vizir eventually became "queen", and the chariot became a word for "castle". Except, that is, in English, where "rook" is obviously a version of "rukh". Please note: the following table does not capture all these complicated changes.
Europe and the East 
The game reached Western Europe and Russia by at least three routes, the earliest being in the 9th century. By the year 1000 it had spread throughout Europe. Introduced into the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors in the 10th century, it was described in a famous 13th century manuscript covering shatranj, backgammon and dice named the Libro de los juegos.

Buddhist pilgrims, Silk Road traders and others carried it to the Far East, where it was transformed into a game often played on the intersection of the lines of the board rather than within the squares. Chinese chess and Shogi are the most important of the oriental chess variants. However, it was the changes made in medieval Europe which led to our modern game.p71
Rule changes 
The game of chess is really two games. There is the original Indo-Arabic game, and there is the modern game, usually called 'international chess'. The transition between the two happened during the change from the medieval world to the modern world, in the Europe of the later 15th century. In fact, the new game of chess was one of the early topics chosen for the new technology of printing.

The Indo-Arabic game 

In early chess the moves of the pieces were:p224 et seq
 Shāh: as King now.
 Firzān: one square diagonally at a time (contrast modern Q).
 Fīl: two squares diagonally (no more or less), but could jump over a piece in between (contrast modern B). This move meant that an individual fīl could move to only eight squares on the board, and no fīl could ever attack another fīl.p226
 (Horseman): as Knight now.
 Rukh: as Rook now.
 Pawn: one square forwards (not two), capturing one square diagonally forward; promoted to firzān only.
The game could be won by 1. Mating the king; 2. By giving stalemate; 3. By capturing all the opponent's pieces. This kept down the number of draws.

Changes in Europe 
In Europe some of the pieces got new names:
 Mantri/Firzan/Vizir > Queen, perhaps because it starts beside the King. 
 Fīl > Aufin > Bishop, because its two points looked like a bishop's mitre; In French fou; and others. Its Latin name alfinus was reinterpreted various ways.
About 500 years after chess first reached Europe, after some smaller experiments, there were big changes in the way the pieces moved. The effect was to make the start of the game run faster, and get the opposing pieces in contact sooner. The changes were:
 Pawn moving two squares in its first move. This led to the en passant rule: a pawn placed so that it could have captured the enemy pawn if it had moved one square forward was allowed to capture it on the passed square. 
 King jumping once, to make it quicker to put the king safe in a corner. This eventually led to castling.
 The queen. This had been a piece called the firzān, from the Persian word for a counsellor. Its movement was more limited than the king, for it could move one square only on the diagonals.p225
An early addition to her movement: an initial move of two squares with jump, diagonally. This right was sometimes extended to a new queen made by promoting a pawn. The piece was then called the fers.
Full-ranging movement of the queen, along diagonals and ranks & files, is the real mark of modern chess. It is such a huge change that one French commentator called the new game eschés de la dame enragée (~ the mad queen's game), and the Italians called the game schacci alla rabioso (~furious chess).p328 Indeed, the change from a limited counsellor to an unlimited queen cannot be understood as part of the original war-game. It can only be understood as an attempt to improve the game as a sport.
These changes made most of the older chess culture obsolete. The slow development in the openings was replaced by gambits and rapid attacks. The relative values of the pieces are changed.p228 The game can now only be won by mate or resignation by one of the players. Originally, this was not seen as a problem, but as technique improved, so did the number of draws. This became a matter for discussion in the early 20th century. The limited number of ways to win changed what players needed to win in the endgame; many endgames which could be won with the old rules now were drawn.
Evidence in print and manuscripts 
The first printed work on chess to survive to the present day is Luis de Lucena's Arte de axedres, printed in Salamanca, Spain. It can be dated to 1496 or 1497.p73 It presents a number of chess problems, some of which are in the old rules (del viejo), some in the new rules (dela dama). This suggests that the transition is not quite complete, and some readers might not know about the new rules. By 1512, when Damiano published his Questo libro e da imparare giocare a scachi in Rome, it only included problems with the new rules, and does not mention the medieval game. The same applies to the Gottingen manuscript, probably written in Spain or Portugal. Though it has been claimed to be earlier, its content suggests it was not written before 1500.p74 England and Germany received the reformed game by 1530. After that, the old game was effectively dead—in Europe, at any rate. A version of the old game survived in India until recently.
Theory of the game 
Modern chess theory was slow in developing. After the new moves of the pieces, players spent their time playing gambits, and trying to mate each other. The games of Gioacchino Greco (1600– ~1634) clearly show this. The first ideas as to how to win indirectly, 'positionally', started with Philidor. Modern chess has a lot of indirect manoeuvering of a kind the old Arabic players would have understood. They could not attack directly, because their Alfil and Firzān (our bishop and queen) had such limited moves.

One interesting fact is that the Arabs divided their game into the same three stages which we do today: opening, middlegame and endgame.p234
Tabiyat 
At the start of a game, the Arabic masters took a number of moves before the pieces were in contact with the other side.
"The result of this was that... the final position of the opening was the important one to memorise. Hence in almost all older Muslim chess-works we find... a collection of type-positions, each with its own distinctive name. [These] are recommended to the player as models for his imitation. Diagrams of these type-positions were a regular feature of Arabic chess-works down to the 17th century. These positions were called ta'biya (plural: ta'biyat or ta'abi)... which may be translated as battle-array".p234-5

Changes in values of the pieces
Evidence from archaeology 
Single pieces found in archaeology are seldom taken as chessmen; they are more likely to be art objects, or hnefatafl pieces. Groups of small objects are more likely chessmen if there are of more than two types. Many board games have used two kinds of pieces, but only chess uses six different kinds. A dig might not turn up all six forms, but more than two is indicative of chess. If the forms have characteristic chess figures (foot soldiers, kings, man on horse) this is even more convincing.

The evidence from archaeology comes mostly from the discovery of early chess sets, and also from rock art: carvings (petroglyphs) and paintings on rock.
Afrasiab 
The earliest chessmen found are the Afrasiab collection. In 1977 the Uzbekistan Academy of Archaeology conducted a dig at Afrasiab, near Samarkand.p15p58 Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, and at times it has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia. Samarkand is on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (the Silk Road), and so it is a logical place for a trader to store some of his precious goods.
The Afrasiab finds include seven chess pieces. They are heavily worn, but they include: two foot soldiers with shields and short swords (= our pawns); a war elephant with chain armour and a rider in full battle-dress (= our bishop); a visier (= our queen) with two horses with armed rider; two mounted riders with sword and shield (= knights); and the Shah, on a three-horse chariot, holding a mace-like symbol of power (= our king). That is five out of the six types of piece, and completely convincing as a chess set. The rukh (rook) is also known: it features a three-horse chariot with two men, one driving, and the other armed with sword and shield.p61–62

This group is dated to the 7th–8th centuries, and probably come from the end of the Sassanid Empire just before the Arabic conquest. They are representational, meaning they are small carvings (though somewhat crude) of war men and equipment. Later Arabic sets became abstract shapes, in accordance with their religious teaching.

References
References 

Chess
6th-century establishments in Asia
Shani is one of the Navagraha  which are the nine main celestial beings in Hindu astrology, or Jyotiṣa. Shani is embodied in the planet Saturn. Shani is the Lord of Saturday; the word Shani also denotes the seventh day or Saturday in most Indian languages.

Hindu mythology
Wolfgang Wagner (born 30 August 1919 - 21 March 2010) was a German opera director.  He was the grandson of the opera composer Richard Wagner and great-grandson of the composer Franz Liszt.  For 42 years he was director of the Bayreuth Festival, which was created by Richard Wagner for the performances of his operas.  At first he was director together with his brother Wieland.  After Wieland died he continued to be director until he retired in 2008.  He tried to get rid of the festival’s Nazi past, and put on productions which were very symbolic: using lighting effects instead of complicated scenery and heavy costumes.

Life
Wagner was born in Bayreuth. His mother, Winifred Wagner (born Williams-Klindworth), was English.  She married Richard Wagner’s son Siegfried, who was much older than she was.  Although Siegfried was gay they had two sons (Wieland and Wolfgang) and two daughters.
When Siegfried died in 1930 Winifred took over the running of the festival.  She was friends with Adolf Hitler who often came to the performances.  Hitler became a family friend.  The children called him “Uncle Adolf” or “Uncle Wolf” (his nickname).  When World War II started, Wieland did not have to fight in the army because Hitler said he was too important for German culture.  However, Wolfgang had to fight, and he was wounded in Poland, but got better.  He started to produce operas in Berlin.  Hitler liked him, but he never joined the Nazi party.
During the war a lot of Bayreuth buildings were damaged, but not the theatre.  The Americans used it for religious services. After the war Winifred was not allowed to run the opera house because of her Nazi past, but Wieland became director and Wolfgang looked after the money.  The two brothers started the festival again in 1951.  They formed the orchestra again, and invited Hans Knappertsbusch and Herbert von Karajan to conduct.  They deliberately avoided using lots of scenery and made use of symbolic ideas, especially lighting.
When Wieland died in 1966 Wolfgang was the only director.  He continued the modern ideas of his brother, using very simple staging techniques.  The production of Wagner’s Ring Cycle in 1976 by the opera director Patrice Chéreau was particularly important.  Many people loved it, others disagreed with it.  The production of the Ring Cycle in 1983 by Peter Hall, conducted by Georg Solti celebrated the 100th birthday of Richard Wagner.  People argued about this production, too.  Since then, many famous people have visited the festival, including the German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the German President Horst Köhler.  In 1982 Grace Bumbry was the first black person to sing at the festival (she sang the part of Venus in Tannhäuser.  Some of the audience thought this was shocking, but she sang so beautifully that everyone applauded for 30 minutes.  She had to take 42 curtain calls.
Wolfgang married twice.  His first wife was Ellen Drexel.  He had two children by this marriage.  He argued with them.  His son did not like the family’s past Nazi connections, and the daughter Eva argued about the control of the festival.  Wolfgang later married Gudrun Mack, with whom he had a daughter Katharina.  Eva and Katharina now run the festival.

Wolfgang died aged 90 in Bayreuth in 2010.

Other websites
 Wolfgang Wagner - The Independent obituary

References

1919 births
2010 deaths
German musical entertainers
Opera
The American Foxhound is a kind of dog breed. The foxhound came from the United States. It is a type of hound.

Dog breeds originating in the United States
Rare dog breeds
FCI breeds
"My Native Land, My Joy and Delight" is the national anthem of Estonia. It became the country's national anthem in 1920. This song has been around since the 19th century. The words of the song were written in 1869 by an Estonian poet named Johann Voldemar Jannsen, and the melody of the song was composed in 1848 by a German-born musician named Friedrich Pacius. This song's tune is the same one used in the national anthem of Finland.

Lyrics

References

1860s songs
European anthems
National symbols of Estonia
The V sign is a hand gesture that means victory or peace.  It is made by raising the first and second fingers on the hand, and putting down the other fingers.  

Peace
Symbols
Non-verbal communication
was the 20th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Ankō to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Ankō-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations. 
No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history 
The Kojiki and Nihon Shoki record that Ankō was the second son of Emperor Ingyō.

Some accounts report that Ankō murdered his own father.

Events of Ankō's life 
Very little is known about the events of Ankō's life and reign.  Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
462: According to Chinese records, a delegation from the Japanese monarch was received in the court of the southern Sung Dynasty.  The "king" mentioned in these documents probably would have been Emperor Ankō.

It is believed that Ankō was murdered in the third year of his reign.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Ankō.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun). This emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Kofun period

References

Other websites

Emperors of Japan
A building code is a set of rules set to govern a a building's design, construction, testing, inspections, and maintenance to protect public health, safety and welfare. Building codes are adopted and enforced by the government, who may inspect buildings to make sure they follow the rules.

A building code may provide rules for many different things and is influenced by materials manufacturers, firefighters, and building officials. The building may need to follow rules about providing parking or affecting traffic. There will be rules about making the building safe during disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, and tornadoes.

The rules used on a specific building may be very different depending on where the building is and what it is used for. For example, a house will have extra rules about making sure people can live there, while a hotel will have extra rules about fire exits. Many public buildings have a "maximum occupancy" for some rooms, which is how many people may be allowed into that room at once.
Building codes can also be accompanied by zoning ordinances that dictate style, building use, etc.

Earthquakes
Any building code has either some minimum requirements for seismic loads (prescriptive code) or some seismic performance rules (performance-based code).

Seismic design is based on procedures meant to protect structures that may experience earthquake impact. However, a design which blindly follows seismic code rules does not guarantee safety against collapse or serious damage.

Related pages
 Building Code Reference Library

References 

Architecture
Earthquake engineering
Supply-side economics or trickle-down economics is a theory that if taxes were cut on the richest people in society, rich people would use their extra money to invest in the economy, but if taxes were increased, the wealthy would leave the country and invest somewhere else where the tax rates are lower.  People who support supply-side economics believe that taxes punished productivity and if they were lowered, people would produce more goods and services.  Many supporters of supply-side economics also support things such as limited government spending, low inflation, and regulating the economy less.
Economist Arthur Laffer supported supply-side economics with a theory called a Laffer Curve.  The theory stated that government will get no money if taxes were too high—nobody would pay them—and that the government would not get enough money if taxes were too low.  The theory also stated that if taxes were too high, the economy would be less productive and it would give the government less money and that if taxes were low, the economy would be productive and the government would get more money. 

Supply-side economics was used while Ronald Reagan was president during the 1980's.  Income taxes on the wealthiest Americans were cut from 70% to 50% to 28% during his two terms.  Also, capital gains taxes were cut.  Supporters of supply-side economics mention that those tax cuts have resulted in economic recovery during the 1980's and the strong economic boom in the 1990's and first decade of the 21st century.
Critics of supply-side economics say that the wealthy gain a lot of money in the hope that a very small amount of it will trickle down to the poor, and they call it voodoo economics.  Many critics say that supply-side economic policies are bad because they result in a bigger gap between the rich and the poor.  They also criticize that the reduction in taxes results in the cutting of programs for the poor people who need it.  Other critics point out that large supply-cuts tax cuts,  in combination with increases in military spending, has resulted in the government being in a large amount of debt.

Economic policy
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Vaan is a fake character in the Final Fantasy series. He is also the main character of Final Fantasy XII.

Development 

In the beginning of the making of Final Fantasy, Basch was set to be the main character; but it was switched to Vaan. The team who made the game decided that a big, strong man would not be popular to the public.

The person who plays as Vaan in Final Fantasy XII is Bobby Edner in the English game and Kouhei Takeda in the Japanese game.

Appearance 

Vaan is the main character in Final Fantasy XII. He is an orphan. His parents died in from being sick when he was 12. He lost his brother, Reks, two years before the game starts. He makes money by doing things for his friend Migelo. He wants to be a sky pirate when he grows up.

During the game Final Fantasy Revenant Wings, Vaan owns the ship called Galbana.

References 

Video game characters
Final Fantasy
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), ( (GRC)), is the national police force of Canada. The force is also called the Mounties.

Unique organization
RCMP is unique in the world because it is a national, federal, provincial and municipal policing organization:
 RCMP is the federal police for all of Canada Greater Area.
 RCMP serves as the police for the three Canadian territories
 RCMP serves in all ten Canadian provinces, although its role is limited in Ontario and Quebec as both provinces have their own provincial police services.
 RCMP provides police services for more than 190 municipalities
 RCMP is the police for 184 native communities -- the First Nations, Inuit and Métis.
 RCMP ensures security at three international airports.

The RCMP/GRC wording is protected under the Canadian Trade-marks Act.

History
History 

The Northwest Mounted Police (NWMP), was founded 1873. The Mounties were created to establish authority and to make accommodations with the native population in the west before settlers began to arrive. The smaller Dominion Police was founded in 1868 to protect federal government buildings.

The Mounties were given the right to use the term Royal by King Edward VII in 1904. Their name was changed to the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP).
 
The modern RCMP was created when the RNWMP merged with the smaller Dominion Police in 1920.

The word mounted suggests that the police ride horses. Before 1920, horses were their main method of travel. However, today the RCMP do not ride horses except at special events.

Uniform
Uniform 

The RCMP are famous for their uniform. The "Review Order" (also "Red Serge") uniform is worn mostly at special events, such as parades. The uniform consists of a red tunic with a large brown belt,(formally known as a “Sam Browne”), a light brown hat, dark blue breeches (trousers) with a yellow stripe and riding boots.

On an ordinary day at work, RCMP officers instead wear a grey shirt, dark blue trousers, ankle boots and a peaked cap (the type worn by most police officers elsewhere). In the winter they may wear a thicker coat, heavier boots and a fur cap.

Ranks 
The ranks of the RCMP are, from highest to lowest:
 Commissioner
 Deputy Commissioner
 Assistant Commissioner
 Chief Superintendent
 Superintendent
 Inspector
 Corps Sergeant Major*
 Sergeant Major
 Staff Sergeant Major
 Staff Sergeant
 Sergeant
 Corporal
 Constable
 Cadet
Ranks marked with an asterisk (*) are only found in a few parts of the RCMP and are usually not part of the chain of command. For most staff sergeants, their superior is an inspector and not a staff sergeant major.  While "Cadet" is a term used for RCMP trainees at depot it is not an official rank.

References

Sources 
 Wolkomir, Richard. "Mounties forever, but these days rarely on horseback,"  Smithsonian. February 1989, pp. 78-89.

Other websites 

 List of Civilian organizations with prefix "Royal" – Heritage Canada.
 History and Uniform of the North-West Mounted Police, 1873 to 1904
 The official website of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
 Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette 
 The Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP
RCMP Watch
 RCMP Wanted list 
 RCMP Heritage Centre
 
 RCMP North-West Mounted Police in Literature and History 
 RCMP Honour Roll 

Government agencies of Canada
Law enforcement agencies
Law of Canada
The vielle is a bowed stringed instrument. It is a European instrument. It was used in the Medieval period. It is similar to a violin. It has a longer and deeper body than the violin. The vielle was also called a fidel or a viuola. Vielle is the French name for the instrument. It was one of the most popular instruments of the Medieval period. The vielle possibly came from the lira. The lira is a Byzantine bowed instrument. It is closely related to the Rebab. The Rebab is an Arab bowed instrument.

References

String instruments
The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum. It is sometimes called The Met. It is found on the eastern edge of Central Park in New York City. It has a collection of more than two million works of art.

The main building is one of the world's largest art galleries, at about  in area. The Met is the most popular art museum in the United States with more than 5 million visitors each year. There is also a much smaller second location, the Cloisters. The Cloisters museum and gardens, which opened to the public in 1938, is a branch of the Museum. It is located in Inwood, in northern Manhattan. It has medieval art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which includes its Main Building on Fifth Avenue and the Cloisters in northern Manhattan, dates back to 1866.

People are asked to donate to the museum upon admission. However, one can choose not to donate. The museum suggests a $25 donation per person.

History
History

In 1866, a group of Americans in Paris, France, agreed to create a "national institution and gallery of art". Their goal was to bring art and art education to the American people.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870. The founders included businessmen and financiers, as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day, who wanted to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. It opened on February 20, 1872, and was originally located at 681 Fifth Avenue.

Collections
The museum has art from classical antiquity and Ancient Egypt, paintings and sculptures from European artists, and a large collection of American and modern art.  There is also a large number of African, Asian, Oceanic, Byzantine, and Islamic artwork.  The museum has collections of musical instruments, costumes and accessories, and antique weapons and armor from around the world.

References 

Art museums in the United States
Museums in Manhattan
1870 establishments in New York (state)
Stéphane Grappelli (26 January 1908 – 1 December 1997) was a French jazz violinist. He was born in Paris, France to a French mother and Italian father. He got into music at a young age. When he was 12 years old, he got his own violin. Later, he met Django Reinhardt. Reinhardt was a guitarist. Together, they founded the Quintette du Hot Club de France.

Discography
Albums
 Djangology: Django Reinhardt, the Gypsy Genius (1936 to 1940)
 Stephane Grappelli and Django Reinhardt the Gold Edition (1934 to 1937, copyright 1998)
 Bill Coleman with Django and Stephane Grappelli (1936 to 1938 released 1985, DRG Records)
 Unique Piano Session Paris 1955 (1955, Jazz Anthology)
 Improvisations (Stéphane Grappelli album)|Improvisations (Paris, 1956)
 Paris Encounter (Atlantic, 1969) mit Gary Burton
 Afternoon in Paris (1971, MPS)
 Manoir de Mes Reves (1972, Musidisc)
 Homage To Django (1972, released 1976 Classic Jazz)
 Black Lion at Montreux with the Black Lion Allstars (Black Lion Records BL-213, Recorded July 4, 1973)
 Just one of those things! (1973 Black Lion Records)  
 Stephane Grappelli - I Got Rhythm! (1974 Black Lion Records with Diz Disley, Denny Wright and Len Skeat 
 Shades of Django (1975, MPS)
 Satin Doll (1975, Vanguard)
 Parisian Thoroughfare (with Roland Hanna, Mel Lewis & George Mraz, Arista/Freedom Records 1975)
The Rock Peter and the Wolf (1976 RSO Records) (2007 CD Verdant Records) with Jack Lancaster, Phil Collins, Brian Eno, Keith Tippett, Julie Tippetts, Gary Brooker, Gary Moore, Alvin Lee, Manfred Mann etc.
 Stephane Grappelli and Cordes (1977, Musidisc)
 Live at Carnegie Hall (1978, Signature)
 Uptown Dance (1978, Columbia)
 Stephane Grappelli and Joe Venuti: Venupelli Blues (1979, Affinity)
 Oscar Peterson Skol (1979, Pablo)
 Young Django (1979, MPS)
 Sonny Lester Collection (1980, LRC)
 Stephane Grappelli `80 (1980 Happy Bird)
 Stephane Grappelli/David Grisman Live at Berklee (recorded Sept. 20th 1979, Boston, Massachusetts)
 Stephane Grappelli (Pye)
 Diz Disley] Live at Carnegie Hall (1983, Dr Jazz)
 Vintage 1981 (1981, Concord)
 Just One Of Those Things (1984, EMI Studios)
 Grappelli Plays George Gershwin (1984, Musidisc)
 Martin Taylor: We've Got The World on a String (1984, EMI)
 Stuff Smith: Violins No End (1984, Pablo)
 Fascinating Rhythm (1986, Jazz Life)
 Live in San Francisco (1986, Blackhawk)
Classic Sessions: Stephane Grappelli, with Phil Woods and Louie Bellson (1987, RTV Communications Group)
 Stephane Grappelli Plays Jerome Kern (1987, GRP)
 The Intimate Grappelli (1988, Jazz Life)
 How Can You Miss, with Louie Bellson and Phil Woods (1989, Rushmore)
 Jean-Luc Ponty - Violin Summit (1989, Jazz Life)
 Jazz 'Round Midnight (1989, Verve)
 Stephane Grappelli in Tokyo (1991, A & M records)
 Bach to the Beatles (1991, Academy Sound)
 Stephane Grappelli 1992 Live (1992, Verve)
 Michel Legrand (1992, Verve)
 Martin Taylor Reunion (1993, Linn Records)
 Jazz Masters (20+-year compilation, 1994, Verve)
 85 and Still Swinging (1993, Angel)
 Stephane Grappelli Live at the Blue Note (1996, Telarc Jazz)
 Crazy Rhythm (1996/2000, Pulse)
 Parisian Thoroughfare (1997, Laserlight)
References

French jazz musicians
Musicians from Paris
French violinists
1908 births
1997 deaths
Be could mean:

Existence
The symbol for Beryllium in Chemistry
Be (Cyrillic), the second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet

Acronyms
Basic English
British English
"30 Minut" () is a song by t.A.T.u. It was first released on 200 По Встречной, and released as single in September 2001. It has an English counterpart named "30 Minutes".
Music video 
The music video starts out with Yulia Volkova in a stall at the fair, while many other girls start talking. They leave, and Yulia comes out, washes her hands, and sighs. She then goes back into the stall. We then see Lena Katina laughing and then a kid walking by with his parents. We then see why Lena is laughing: she is with a man. Yulia is building a time bomb in the stall, while the man puts his hands down her pants, squeezing her butt and her pulling down her pants. Yulia comes out to see Lena putting her unexposed breasts on the man's chest, and then putting her shirt down. Yulia then waits for the bomb to go off, and then we see the bomb explode, and we see bits of the carousel flying into the camera. At the end, bits of the carousel fall to the ground burnt. A censored version of the video was made without the part with Lena's exposed breast. Also, there's less time at the end of the explosion.

2003 songs
MG, Mg, or mg and variants may mean:

Organizations
 MG Cars, an automotive marque of the now defunct MG Car Company
 MG Motor, a present-day car manufacturing company
 Champion Air (IATA code)
 Matematička gimnazija, a school in Belgrade
 Monte Generoso railway

Arts and entertainment
 MG, a character in The Perhapanauts comics
 Match Game, a television game show
 Magilla Gorilla

Music
 Main gauche, "left hand" in piano playing
 MG (Martin Gore album)
 The M.G.'s, from the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s
 The MG's (album), an album by the M.G.'s
 MG Select, a house duo music production including George Jackson

Military
 Machine gun (MG-), prefix for model designations, for example, "MG42"
 Major general, a military rank
 Medal for Gallantry, a military decoration

Places
 Madagascar (ISO 3166-1 country code MG)
 .mg, the Internet country code top-level domain for Madagascar
 Minas Gerais, Brazil
 Mongolia (FIPS 10-4 country code MG)
Science and technology
 .mg, the Internet country code top-level domain for Madagascar
 mg (editor), a text editing program
 Magnesium, a chemical element with symbol Mg
 Motor-generator, a device for converting electrical power to another form
 Manual Gates, a type of level crossing used in the United Kingdom
 Microgrid, a local architecture for power grid within the concept of Smart Grid that can function both connected to and isolanded from the main grid.

Biology and medicine
 Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, concentrically layered basophilic inclusions in the urinary tract
 Monoglyceride, or monoacylglycerol
 Myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease
 Mycoplasma genitalium, a sexually transmitted bacterium

Units of measurement
 Milligram (mg), equal to 10−3 grams
 Megagram (Mg), equal to 106 grams
 Milligauss (mG), equal to 1.0 × 10−7 Teslas 
 Megagauss (MG), equal to 100 Teslas
Other uses
 Mg (magazine), an American business monthly
 Malagasy language
 Outlaw motorcycle club (motorcycle gang)
 Matt Groening
He could mean:
The singular pronoun used to talk about a male.
The symbol for Helium in Chemistry.
Sc or SC can mean the things below:

 Sharia court, a venue for sharia rulings
Scandium, a chemical element
South Carolina
was a  after Shōō and before Shōan.  This period started in August 1293 and ended in April 1299. During this time, the emperors were  and .

Events of the Einen era
 1293 (Einin 1):  Major  earthquake and tsunami hit Sagami Bay and Kamakura, killing 20,000+ people.  
 1298 (Einin 6, 7th month): Emperor Fushimi abdicated in the 11th year of his reign; and his son was named to be the new emperor.
 1299 (Einin 7): Emperor Go-Fushimi is enthroned and the nengō was changed.

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

 

Einin
iCarly is an American teen sitcom with Miranda Cosgrove, Jennette McCurdy, Nathan Kress , Jerry Trainor and Noah Munck. A revivial was created on June 17, 2021. Jennette McCurdy is not in the revival.

Plot 
The show is about a teenager, Carly Shay (M. Cosgrove), who lives with her brother Spencer (J. Trainor). Her friends Samantha 'Sam' Puckett (J. McCurdy) and her neighbor Fredward 'Freddie' Benson (N. Kress) play a large part in her life too. Being teenagers, Carly, Sam, and Freddie find they've also become online celebrities with their show, that shows contests, recipes, problem-solving, and random dancing.

Characters

Main Characters
Carly Shay (Miranda Cosgrove) is a 13-year-old student and she has an own webshow called: "iCarly". She lives with her older brother Spencer in an Apartment in Seattle. Her best friends are Sam and Freddie. Her father works at the US Navy and she doesn't see him very much. She performs well at school.
 Samantha "Sam" Puckett (Jennette McCurdy) is Carly's best friend and the female partner of the web show. She is rebellious and often mocks Freddie. She must frequently get detention at Mrs. Briggs. She loves to eat, and her favorite foods are ham, butter cake and hendl.
Fredward "Freddie" Benson (Nathan Kress) is the best friend of Carly and Sam. He is the technical producer of iCarly. He lives with his mother Marissa Benson in an Apartment next to Carly and Spencer's Apartment. He loves the technology and he is a member of the technology club at the school. He's loved Carly, since the 4th grade. He once saved Carly's life and he had a relationship with her. He also had a relationship with Sam, it changed his life.
 Spencer Shay (Jerry Trainor) is a 26-year old adult and the brother of Carly. He is single and loves the socks of Socko. He was a law student for 3 days. He interrupted his studies, because he would want an artist. As an artist, he builds different sculptures. In the episode "iRue the Day" he saved the singer of the Plain White Ts' life. Also, he has two world records. He loves to make spaghetti tacos.
Orenthal "Gibby" Cornelius Gibson (Noah Munck) is a boy, who goes to school with Carly. He has a girlfriend named Tasha. He pulls his shirt off in front of other people, but after season 4 he doesn't take off his shirt. Also, he has a little brother with the nickname Guppy.
Supporting roles 
 Marissa Benson is Freddie's overprotective mother. She is sensitive and has often worry, that something might happen to him. She observes always her neighbor Spencer, because she has worry for his sister.
 Lewbert is the bad doorman of Carly's and Freddie's Bushwell Plaza apartment home. He has a big wart on his left cheek. He shouts at people, who enter his lobby. Also, he is in love with Marissa. Lewbert fought with Fredrick "Freddie/Fredward" Benson (Carly's boyfriend) on the episode April Fools' Day.
 T-Bo is a seller by "Groovy Smoothie". He tries to sell his bagels, muffins, pickled gherkins etc. on his stick. You see him in season 2 and 3 and in the 4th season he is particularly to be seen.
 Ms. Briggs and Mr. Howard are teachers in Carly's School. Carly and her friends do jokes about them. Ms. Briggs plays bagpipes. Mr. Howard hates children.
 Guppy is Gibby's younger brother. He looks just like Gibby.
Nevel Amadeus Papperman is a web-critic. He has a website called nevelocity.com. About millions of people surf on his site. He makes plans for revenge about Carly, because he wanted to kiss Carly, but she didn't want it.
 Chuck Chambers is a boy, who lives in Carly's apartment. He hates Spencer, because he had forbidden to him to play ball in the apartmenthouse. He has an older sister named Gia and younger brother named chip who individually appear in the show and he gets tutoring at Carly.
 Principal Ted Franklin is the principal at the Ridgeway Secondary School, the school where Carly, Sam and Freddie attend. He is a big fan of iCarly.
 Jeremy is a sick boy at Carly's school. He was seen in season 1.
 Socko is the best friend of Spencer. You don't see him in any episodes.
Austin Butler as Jake Crandall in iLike Jake
 Tom Higgenson and the Plain White Ts as himself in iRue the Day
 James Maslow as Shane in iSaw Him First
 David Archuleta as himself in iRocked the Vote
 Lucas Cruikshank (Fred) as himself in iMeet Fred
 Haley Ramm as Missy in iReunite With Missy
 Christopher Michael as Officer Carl in I Want More Viewers and iMove Out
 Betsy Rue as Ginger Fox in iFix A Popstar
 Drake Bell as Drake Parker in iBloop
 Drew Roy as Griffin in iDate A Bad Boy and iBeat The Heat
 Jane Lynch as Pam Puckett in iSam's Mom
 Ethan Munck as Guppy Gibson in iPsycho, iSell Penny Tees, I Do, iStart A Fan War and iBust a Thief
 Jack Black as Aspartamay in iStart A Fan War
 Alec Medlock and Scott Halberstadt as Craig and Eric in iStart a Fan War
 Jake Farrow as Gavin in iStart a Fan War
 Abby Wilde as Stacey Dillsen in iMove Out, iQuit ICarly, iSaved Your Life, iStart A Fan War and iHire An Idiot
 Jorge Enrique Abello as the TVS Director in iCarly Saves TV
Leon Thomas III as Harper in iCarly Saves TV and as André Harris in iParty with Victorious
 Victoria Justice as Shelby Marx in iFight Shelby Marx and as Tori Vega in iParty with Victorious
 Daniella Monet as Popular Girl in iPsycho and as Trina Vega in iParty with Victorious
 Matt Bennett as Robbie Shapiro in iParty with Victorious and as Gibby Gibson in iApril Fools
 Elizabeth Gillies as Jade West in iParty with Victorious
 Ariana Grande as Cat Valentine in iParty with Victorious
 Avan Jogia as Beck Oliver in iParty with Victorious
 Kenan Thompson as himself in iParty with Victorious
 Jim Parsons als Caleb in iLost My Mind
 Michelle Obama as herself in iMeet the First Lady
 One Direction as themselves in iGo One Direction
 Jimmy Fallon as himself in iShock America
 Emma Stone as Heather in iFind Spencer Friends
 Dan Schneider as Meekalito in iGoodbye
Episode List

Crossovers

Gibby 
A crossover of iCarly was announced that a new show called called Gibby was being worked on. The Pilot was worked on but never aired officially. Gibby does not make an appearance in the revival as well.

Sam & Cat 
On August 29th, 2010 had Dan Schneider, the author of the TV-series iCarly and Victorious about Facebook and Twitter to confirmed, that the script was completed for the crossover. It was to aired on June 11th, 2011 in the USA. On October 1st, 2011 it was to seen in Germany.

References 

2010s television series
2010s teen television series
Nickelodeon television series
2010s American sitcoms
English-language television programs
Scouting for Girls are a British pop rock band formed in London in 2005 by Roy Stride, Greg Churchouse and Peter Ellard. Stride met Ellard at Cub Scouts and he then met Churchouse at school. In September 2007 Scouting for Girls released their first album Scouting for Girls. It was number one in the UK Albums Chart for two weeks.

Band members 
Current members
 Roy Stride - lead singing, guitar, keyboards (2005-present)
 Greg Churchouse - bass, backing singing (2005-present)
 Pete Ellard - drums, percussion (2005-present)

Current touring members
 Peter Clements - guitar
 Matt Simmons - keyboards (2010-present)

Session
 Martin Owen - horn on Scouting For Girls (2007)
 James McMillan - trumpet on Scouting For Girls (2007)

Personnel
 Andy Green - Producer of Scouting For Girls (2007)

Discography 
 Scouting for Girls  (2007)
 Everybody Wants to Be on TV (2010)
2005 establishments in England
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British pop rock bands
English pop music groups
English rock bands 
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups from London
Musical trios
Božidar Bandović (; born 30 August 1969) is a Montenegrin professional football manager and former player who played as a defender.

Managerial statistics

Achievements

With Akratitos F.C. - Assistant Coach
 Promotion to Superleague Greece

With PAE Kerkyra - Assistant Coach
 Promotion to Superleague Greece

With Olympiacos - Assistant Coach
 Superleague Greece - Winner
 Greek Cup - Winner
 Greek Super Cup - Winner

With Olympiacos - Head Coach - Temporary
 UEFA Champions League Last 16

With PAE Kerkyra - Head Coach
 Superleague Greece - Saves club from relegation for the first time in club history

With Baku - Head Coach
 Azerbaijan Premier League - Qualified for playoff

With BEC Tero Sasana - Head Coach
 2015 Toyota Premier Cup - Winner

With Buriram United - Technical Director
Mekong Club Championship 2017
With Buriram United - Head Coach
Thai Premier League 2017 - Winner and record with 86 points, most points ever made in Thai Premier League history.
Thai Premier League 2018 - Winner and record with 87 points, most points ever made in Thai Premier League history.
Thai Premier League 2018 - Record of 15 consecutive league match wins in Thai Premier League
Thai Premier League 2018 - Coach of The Year
AFC Champions League 2018 - Knock-out stage, Round of 16
Thailand Champions Cup 2019 - Winners

References
References

Other websites
MISL stats
GOAL.COM
gazzetta.gr
bangkokpost.com
gazzetta.gr
GOAL.com
gazzetta.gr
vijesti.me 
m.cdm.me
buriramunited.com
reprezentacija.me
m.cdm.me
gazzetta.gr
buriramunited.com
smmsport.com 
buriramtimes.com
buriramunited.com
buriramunited.com
buriramunited.com
buriramunited.com
goal.com
buriramunited.com
buriramunited.com
sport.trueid.net
[FOX Sports Expert Analysis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IMMnVxE1sc]
backpagefootball.com
gazzetta.gr
vijesti.me 
thaileague.co.th
fathailand.org 
Thai League

1969 births
Living people
Association football defenders
Olympiacos F.C. managers
An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a person —usually a monarch or religious leader — who is formally seated for the first time upon a throne. 

The throne is seen as a symbol of authority.

This ritual is different from a coronation because there is no crown. However, the term "coronation" and the term "enthronement" are often used to mean the same thing.

Ceremonies
Détente (pronounced day-tont) is a word that means less tension and a better relationship between two countries.

The main example of a détente was during the Cold War. In the 1970s, the United States and the Soviet Union improved relations. Both signed several treaties which reduced the amount of nuclear weapons each country had. During this time period, as China began to dislike the Soviet Union, the United States tried to make friends with China, giving the Soviet Union a disadvantage during the Cold War. This was often called “playing the China card.”

Détente primarily was concerned with relations between the US and USSR but other countries like China, West Germany, and most of the European states also played their role in developing it. Their motives were mixed. The US proposed this because they did not want to have to go to war with USSR which would lead to all out nuclear warfare.

The literal and original use of the word meant to undo a crossbow, the detention of the cord that launched the arrow.
Related pages
Appeasement
Cold war

International relations
Castoreum is the liquid released from the castor sacs of the beaver. It is a yellowish liquid. It is mixed together with the beaver's urine. It is used to mark territory. Both male and female beavers have two castor sacs. They have two glands in two empty spaces under the skin. They are between the pelvis and the base of the tail. The castor sacs are not glands.

Today, castoreum is used to trap animals. It is used also to make perfumes. It is also used as a drug.

Uses
Uses

Castoreum in perfume 
Castoreum is used in perfume-making. It is used to describe the solution from the alcohol-tinted and dried beaver castor. Dried beaver castor sacs are aged for two or more years. They are aged to soften. They are also aged for their harshness to vanish. In the science of perfume, castoreum is mainly used as a smell for leather. It is often used with other ingredients. There are some classic perfumes that use castor. They are Emeraude, Coty Chanel Cuir de Russie, Magie Noire, Lancôme Caractère, Hechter Madame, Carven, Givenchy III, Shalimar, and many "leather" perfumes.
Castoreum in medicine 
Modern use of castoreum is rare in medicine. However, the dried pair of castors may still be worth more than the beaver's fur. Castoreum appeared in medicine until the 1700s. It was used to treat many different sicknesses. Some of the sicknesses it helped treat are headache, fever, and hysteria. The Romans believed the smells made by burning castoreum could bring about an abortion. Paracelsus thought it could be used in the treatment of seizures. Medieval beekeepers used it to make more honey.

Other uses 
Castoreum is also used to add to the flavor and smell of cigarettes.

References

Other websites 
 The International Perfume Museum: Castoreum 
 http://www.hyraceum.com

Chemicals