Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host and comedian. He currently hosts My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman on Netflix.
He hosted the late night television talk show Late Show with David Letterman on CBS. Letterman also hosted Late Night with David Letterman on NBC. In 2013, Letterman surpassed friend and mentor Johnny Carson as the longest-serving late-night talk show host in TV history, at 31 years.

Letterman's ironic comedy is similar to comedians such as Andy Kaufman, Ernie Kovacs, and Tonight Show hosts Johnny Carson and Steve Allen.

Early life and career
Letterman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. His father, Harry Joseph Letterman, was a florist of English ancestry; his mother Dorothy Letterman, a church secretary of German ancestry, has been an occasional figure on the show, usually at holidays and birthdays.
He lived on the north side of Indianapolis, not far from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. He enjoyed collecting model cars, including racers. In 2000, he told an interviewer for Esquire that, while growing up, he admired his father's ability to tell jokes and be the life of the party. Harry Joseph Letterman survived a heart attack at age 36, when David was a young boy. The fear of losing his father was constantly with Letterman as he grew up. The elder Letterman died of a second heart attack at age 57.

References

Other websites

David Letterman's Feb. 24, 1978 appearance on 90 Minutes Live
Official Late Show biography
1999 article on Letterman  from Salon.com

Kennedy Center honorees
Comedians from Indiana
American television talk show hosts
1947 births
Living people
Emmy Award winners
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. Tides cause changes in the depth of marine and estuarine (river mouth) waters. Tides also make oscillating currents known as tidal streams (~'rip tides'). This means that being able to predict the tide is important for coastal navigation. The strip of seashore that is under water at high tide and exposed at low tide, called the intertidal zone, is an important ecological product of ocean tides.

The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".

Two tides a day 
In most places, there are two tides a day. They each have a high point (the high tide) and a low point (the low tide). We speak of a "flood tide" coming in towards high tide, and an "ebb tide" going out towards low tide.
The period of the tide is about 12 hours and 25.2 minutes, exactly half a tidal lunar day.  

The Moon orbits the Earth in the same direction as the Earth rotates on its axis, so it takes slightly more than a day—about 24 hours and 50 minutes—for the Moon to return to the same location in the sky.  During this time, it has passed overhead once and underfoot once, so in many places the period of strongest tidal forcing is the above-mentioned, about 12 hours and 25 minutes.  This is analogous to the minute hand on a watch crossing the hour hand at 12:00 and then again at about 1:05½ (not at 1:00).
Because a gravitational field weakens with distance, the Moon's gravity exerts a slightly stronger pulling force on the side of the Earth facing the Moon, and a slightly weaker force on the opposite side.  The Moon thus tends to "stretch" the Earth slightly along the line connecting the two bodies. The solid Earth deforms a bit, but ocean water, being fluid, is free to move much more in response to the tidal force, particularly horizontally. As the Earth rotates, the magnitude and direction of the tidal force at any particular point on the Earth's surface change constantly; although the ocean never reaches equilibrium—there is never time for the fluid to "catch up" to the state it would eventually reach if the tidal force were constant—the changing tidal force nonetheless causes rhythmic changes in sea surface height.

Other things, such as atmospheric pressure and the Sun's gravity, also affect the tides, but in most places those things do much less than the Moon's gravity does.
Related pages 
 Aquaculture
 Tidal energy

References

Other websites 
 Oceanography: tides by J. Floor Anthoni (2000).
 Myths about Gravity and Tides  by Mikolaj Sawicki (2005).
 Tidal Misconceptions  by Donald E. Simanek.
 Our Restless Tides: NOAA's practical & short introduction to tides.
 Tides and centrifugal force: Why the centrifugal force does not explain the tide's opposite lobe (with nice animations).

Tide predictions 
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
 Graphical Tide Calendars
 WWW Tide and Current Predictor
 XTide Tide Prediction Server 
 Earth tides calculator 
 Tides: Why They Happen -- Beaufort County Library 
 Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University 

Oceanography
Tidal force is caused by gravity and makes tides happen. This is because the gravitational field changes across the middle of a body (the diameter).

Other websites 
http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/Gravity/tides.html

Force
Astronomical phenomena
Tidal energy, sometimes called tidal power, is using the energy contained in moving water in tides and open ocean currents for hydroelectricity. 

Tidal energy systems can extract either kinetic energy (energy caused by movement) from the moving water of rivers, tides and open ocean currents; or potential energy from the difference in height (or head) between high and low tides.  The first method - generating energy from tidal currents - is becoming more popular because people believe that it does not harm the environment as much as barrages or dams. Many coastal sites worldwide are being examined to see if they can be used to produce tidal (current) energy.
Like other hydroelectricity (electricity made using water), tidal power produces no pollution and is a renewable energy source, because tides are caused by events that happen in the solar system and so will not run out. Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity generation because of the very large amount of energy contained in these rotational systems. Tidal power is reliably predictable (unlike wind power and solar power). In Europe, tide mills have been used for nearly 1,000 years, mainly for grinding grains.  Modern tide mills provide tidal stream power.

Many things affect tides.  The pull of the Moon is the largest effect, and most of the energy comes from the slowing of the Earth's spin.
Sources 
 Baker, A. C. 1991, Tidal power, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London.
 Baker, G. C., Wilson E. M., Miller, H., Gibson, R. A. & Ball, M., 1980. 'The Annapolis tidal power pilot project', in Waterpower `79 Proceedings, ed. Anon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, pp 550-559.
 Hammons, T. J. 1993, 'Tidal power', Proceedings of the IEEE, [Online], v81, n3, pp 419-433. Available from: IEEE/IEEE Xplore. [26 July 2004].
 Lecomber, R. 1979, 'The evaluation of tidal power projects', in Tidal Power and Estuary Management, eds. Severn, R. T., Dineley, D. L. & Hawker, L. E., Henry Ling Ltd., Dorchester, pp 31-39.

Water
Hydropower
Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born August 3, 1979) is a Canadian actress, known for her leading role as Kate Austen on the ABC drama mystery series Lost, which ran for six seasons (2004–2010).

Personal life 
Evangeline was once married to Canadian hockey player Murray Hone. She also dated Dominic Monaghan, who was also on Lost. The two broke up in 2007.

Her nicknames include "Evi" and "Monkey". The other actors on Lost gave her the name "Monkey" because she can climb trees easily, a skill that her character Kate also has. Lost-actor Josh Holloway also calls her "Freckles", sharing the nickname his character Sawyer gave her.

Awards 
Nominated for a 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama. (Lost)
Nominated for a 2007 Saturn Award for Best Actress on a Television Series. (Lost)

References

Other websites 

1979 births
Living people
Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
Actors from Alberta
A view is what can be seen in somebody's vision. A view can also be a very scenic image. It can also be someone's opinion on something or how they look at something.

There are many types of views.

 Panoramas
 Eye vision
 Photograph
 Camera
 God's eye view
 Point of view

Related pages
Sight
Wikipedia:Neutral point of view

Basic English 850 words
Greystones () is a coastal town in County Wicklow, Ireland. It is on Ireland’s east coast,  south of Bray and  south of Dublin (it is within the Greater Dublin Area), with 15,000 people living in the region.

Other websites 
 Greystones Community Notice Board 
 Greystones Online Magazine 

Towns in Ireland
County Wicklow
Courtly love is a special idea of love that people had in Europe in the Middle Ages.  The word "court" means the courts where princes or dukes lived.  Courtly love is usually when a young man, who may be a peasant or even a simple King, falls in love with a rich lady and tries to make himself worthy of her by doing brave things or by singing beautiful love songs.

The idea of courtly love can be found in a lot of literature e.g. in works by Geoffrey Chaucer, Dante, Gottfried von Strassburg, Walther von der Vogelweide,  Wolfram von Eschenbach, Malory and William Shakespeare.

Related pages
Troubadour
Minstrel

Middle Ages
Poetry
A royal court or noble court is the household of a royal family—including its advisors and attendants. The building is often called a palace, but the "royal court" means not just the buildings but all the royal household (all the people who live and work there). Someone who has a rank in a royal court is called a court official or courtier. A royal court can also include the wives and concubines of the ruler.

It is called a court because in early times the palace would have a court (an enclosed space) at the front.

In history there were great rulers who held important courts, e.g. Charlemagne.

A famous example is Hampton Court on the river Thames in London where Henry VIII had his court. Today the King holds court at Buckingham Palace.

Related pages
 court – the court of law where legal decisions are made
Statesman principals 
In 51 BC, Cicero published his work De re publica (On the Republic). The dialog was about what made a true statesman. It was about the virtues and ideals such a leader must have. Cicero wrote that a great statesman did not have to descend from aristocrats. But he must have virtus (virtue), iustitia (a sense of justice) and wisdom. He must also have dignitas (roughly translated as dignity), temperance and must show generosity and be magnanimous.
A statesman has certain core values and will not change beliefs simply to advance a political career. If a change in policy is necessary for the good of the people he or she serves, the change will be made no matter how much it is criticized. According to Hans J. Morgenthau, author of Politics Among Nations, statesmen see things realistically; as they really are. They look at how a policy will affect a nation. A statesman is not the same as a monarch or king because their goals are not the same. A statesman does not want to dominate or control people, he or she wants to educate them so they are fit to live in a democracy. Like Plato before him, Alexis de Tocqueville believed that a statesman not only educated his or her people, he somehow shaped their character.
When Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States in 1861, most people saw an awkward, rumpled country bumpkin. He had never traveled to Europe and was seen by the American people and foreign dignitaries alike as crude and unsophisticated. The Dutch minister reported of Lincoln: “He and his wife seem like . . . western farmers, and even in this country, where one has no right to be fastidious, their common manners and their ways expose them in unfortunate fashion to ridicule.” While many do not remember Lincoln as a great foreign-policy president, he actually was. Like a true statesman, Lincoln adeptly guided foreign policy at a time of great peril during the Civil War when the United States was vulnerable to foreign intervention. According to Kevin Peraino, Lincoln "should be considered one of America’s seminal foreign-policy presidents — a worthy model for students of global affairs
." Historians have long shown Lincoln to have been a great statesman who worked tirelessly to build his country into something greater than it was. He laid the groundwork for America's later rise to become a world power.
Notable statesmen and stateswomen 
 Aung San Suu Kyi
 Lee Kuan Yew
Nelson Mandela
 Margaret Thatcher
 Dalai Lama
 Simón Bolívar
 Hans Blix
 Otto von Bismarck
 Benjamin Franklin
 John Marshall
 Martin Luther King
 Demosthenes
Mahatma Gandhi
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Related pages 
 Politician
 Diplomat
 Oath of office

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Statesmen v.s. Politician
 The 4 Qualities of a True Statesman

Political philosophy
Politicians
Chris Gueffroy (21 June 1968 in Pasewalk – 6 February 1989 in Berlin) was the last person to be killed by border troops while trying to escape across the Berlin Wall.

Gueffroy and his friend Christian Gaudian tried to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin on the night of 5 to 6 February 1989. They tried to cross near the Britz district canal.

Gueffroy and Gaudian thought that the Schießbefehl, the order to shoot anyone who attempted to cross the wall, had been stopped. Climbing the last metal fence, the two were seen and shot at by the National People's Army (NVA) border troops. Gueffroy was hit in the chest by ten shots and died in the border strip.

Gaudian was badly injured, and was arrested and was sentenced on 24 May 1989 to imprisonment for three years by the Pankow district court for trying illegally to cross the border ("versuchten ungesetzlichen Grenzübertritts im schweren Fall").
In September 1989 Gaudian was freed on bail by the East German government and on 17 October 1989 he was transferred to West Berlin.

The four border guards at first got an award (Leistungsabzeichen der Grenztruppen) from the chief of the local border guards, Erich Wöllner, and a prize of 150 East German Marks each. After the reunification of East and West Germany, they were prosecuted by Berlin regional court. Two of them were released in January 1992. Ingo Heinrich, who fired the shot that killed Gueffroey was sentenced to three and a half years in jail. The Bundesgerichtshof reduced the penalty to a suspended sentence of two years in 1994.
In 2000, two SED officials, Siegfried Lorenz and Hans-Joachim Böhme, were tried for the death of Gueffroy and two other young men, but acquitted as the judge could find no evidence that they might have been able to lift the shoot-to-kill order. The case was retried on 7 August 2004, and the two men were found guilty and given suspended sentences of 15 months each. The judge explained that the short sentences were due to the length of time since the events. This was the last case concerning deaths on the inner German border.

On 21 June 2003, which would have been his 35th birthday, a monument to Gueffroy was built on the banks of the Britz district canal. The monument was designed by Berlin artist Karl Biedermann.

Other websites 

1968 births
1989 deaths
Berlin Wall
Deaths by firearm in Germany
East German people
People from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Electricity generation is the making of electricity for use by people. Most comes from rotary electrical generators turned by various engines.

History 
Making electricity in one central place became useful when electric power distribution was possible. This required power transformers which could change voltage. Electricity could be sent as alternating current along electric power lines for great distances cheaply.

People have been using electric light bulbs, electric motors, and other things that use electricity since the late 19th century. Different sources of energy have been used to run generators, including coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric, and petroleum power and a small amount from solar energy, tidal harnesses, wind generators, and geothermal sources.

Electricity demand
The demand for electricity can be met in two different ways. The main method is to build large centralized projects to generate and transmit the electricity required. Many of these projects have caused unpleasant environmental effects such as air or radiation pollution and the flooding of large areas of land.

Distributed generation creates power on a smaller scale at locations on the electricity network. These sites often generate electricity as a byproduct of other industry such as using gas from landfills to power turbines.

Methods of generating electricity
Turbines 
Rotating turbines attached to electrical generators produce most commercially available electricity. Turbines are driven by a fluid which acts as an intermediate energy carrier. The fluids typically used are:
 steam - Water is boiled by nuclear fission or the burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, or petroleum). Some newer plants use the sun as the heat source: solar parabolic troughs and solar power towers concentrate sunlight to heat a heat transfer fluid, which is then used to produce steam.
 water - Turbine blades are acted upon by flowing water, produced by hydroelectric dams or tidal forces,
 wind - Most wind turbines generate electricity from naturally occurring wind. Solar updraft towers use wind that is artificially produced inside the chimney by heating it with sunlight.
 hot gases - Turbines are driven directly by gases produced by the combustion of natural gas or oil.
Combined cycle gas turbine plants are driven by both steam and gas. They generate power by burning natural gas in a gas turbine and use residual heat to generate additional electricity from steam. These plants offer efficiencies of up to 60%.

Reciprocating engines 
Small electricity generators are often powered by reciprocating engines burning diesel fuel, biogas or natural gas. Diesel generators are often used for backup power, usually at low voltages. Biogas is often combusted where it is produced, such as a landfill or wastewater treatment plant, with a reciprocating engine or a microturbine, which is a small gas turbine.
Photovoltaic panels 
Unlike the solar heat concentrators, photovoltaic panels convert sunlight directly to electricity. Although sunlight is free, solar panels cost a lot of money to make and have only a 10-20% conversion efficiency. Until recently, photovoltaics were most commonly used in remote sites where there is no access to a commercial power grid, or as an extra electricity source for individual homes and businesses. Recent advances in manufacturing efficiency and photovoltaic technology, combined with subsidies driven by environmental concerns, have dramatically accelerated the deployment of solar panels. Installed solar capacity is growing by 30% per year in several regions including Germany, Japan, California and New Jersey.

Other websites 
 Power Technologies Energy Data Book
 Energy Market, Rules and Regulators

Electricity
Casey Kasem (born Kemal Amin Kasem; April 27, 1932– June 15, 2014) was an American radio personality, music historian, actor, and voice artist. He is known for his many voice roles in cartoons and for being a public radio personality.

Early life
Kasem was born Kemal Amin Kasem in Detroit, Michigan, on April 27, 1932, to Lebanese immigrant parents. They settled in Michigan, where they worked as grocers. Kasem graduated from Northwestern High School in Detroit and Wayne State University.

Career
Kasem's career began in the radio business in the 1950s in Flint, Michigan. He then made his first movie appearance in Easy Rider in 1967.

He was the host of the weekly American Top 40 radio show from 1970 to 1988, and again from March 1998 until January 10, 2004. Ryan Seacrest is now the host. Kasem is the host of two weekly radio shows, American Top 20 with Casey Kasem and American Top 10 with Casey Kasem.
Kasem did the voice of many advertisements, has done many voices for Sesame Street, and is the voice of 'Shaggy' for the animated television show Scooby-Doo.

Kasem retired in 2009 because of old age and health concerns.

Personal life
Kasem married Linda Myers in 1972. The couple had three children. Kasem then married Jean Thompson in 1980. The couple had one child. Kasem lived in Washington state.

Kasem was a Democrat. He narrated television ads for 1972 president candidate George McGovern's campaign.

Disappearance
On May 12, 2014, Kasem was declared missing by a Los Angeles court judge ordered an investigation for his whereabouts. Soon after, Kasem was found alive in Washington state.

Health
Kasem suffered from Parkinson's disease and an early form of dementia.
On June 6, 2014, Kasem was in critical but stable condition at a hospital in Washington state hospital, receiving antibiotic treatment from blood pressure and bedsores. He also suffered from Lewy body disease, the most common type of progressive dementia after Alzheimer's and was bed-ridden.

Death
Kasem died in Gig Harbor, Washington from complications of dementia and sepsis, aged 82. On August 14 it was reported in the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang that Kasem was going to be buried in Oslo. The funeral administration of Oslo, Norway confirmed that Kasem was buried at Vestre Gravlund in Oslo on December 16, 2014.

References

Further reading
 Durkee, Rob. American Top 40: The Countdown of the Century, Schriner Books, New York, 1999. 
 Battistini, Pete. "American Top 40 with Casey Kasem (The 1970s)", Authorhouse.com, January 31, 2005.

Other websites
 Kasem entry at the National Broadcaster's Hall of Fame
1932 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
Deaths from sepsis
Actors from Detroit
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Democrats (United States)
National Radio Hall of Fame inductees
People with Parkinson's disease
Bloc Party are a British indie rock band. The band has four members: Kele Okereke sings and plays rhythm guitar, Russell Lissack plays the lead guitar, Justin Harris plays bass guitar and Louise Bartle plays the drums.  The band's music has been compared to bands such as the Cure, Gang of Four and the Strokes.

The band formed during the 1999 Reading Festival.  They tried many different names before they chose Bloc Party.  Moakes joined after reading an advertisement in NME magazine.  Tong was picked through an audition.  The band was first noticed when they gave BBC Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq and Franz Ferdinand's lead singer Alex Kapranos a copy of its music demo, "She's Hearing Voices". Later it was released as a single.
In February 2005, the band released its debut album, Silent Alarm. It received excellent reviews from many critics, and made NME'''s Album of the Year list. The album was successful enough to reach platinum status in the UK a year later.  The band released its second album, A Weekend in the City, in 2007.  This album reached number two on the UK album chart and number twelve on the Billboard 200. In August 2008, the band released their third album, Intimacy. 4 years later, in 2012, the band released their fourth album, Four, and in 2016, the band released their fifth album, Hymns.
History 
 Early days and first releases 
Russell Lissack and Kele Okereke first met in 1998 in Essex. They saw each other again in 1999 at the Reading Festival and then decided to form a band. Bass guitar player Gordon Moakes joined after answering an advertisement in NME, and drummer Matt Tong joined after an audition. They were called Union at the start, the band chose to call themselves Bloc Party in September 2003 as another way of saying "block party". The band have said in interviews that the name was not supposed to be related to the Soviet Bloc or the Canadian political party Bloc Québécois. However, Gordon Moakes said on the group's official Internet forum that the name was made by joining the eastern "Blocs" and the western "parties", in the political sense. Moakes also said that the name was not chosen only for this reason, but because it "looked, sounded, and seemed fine, so we went with it."
In November 2003, Bloc Party had their song "The Marshals Are Dead" featured on a compilation album called The New Cross released by Angular Recording Corporation. They then released their debut single "She's Hearing Voices" on the record label Trash Aesthetics, which was new at the time.

The band were first noticed after lead singer Okereke went to a Franz Ferdinand concert in 2003.  He gave a CD of "She's Hearing Voices" to both lead singer Alex Kapranos and Radio One DJ Steve Lamacq.  Afterwards, Lamacq played the song on his radio show. He called the track "genius", and he invited them to record a live session for the show. The success of the track led to the release of another single, "Banquet", which was released by Moshi Moshi Records.  They went on to sign with independent label Wichita Recordings in April 2004.

 Silent Alarm
Silent Alarm 

Bloc Party's first album, Silent Alarm, was released in the UK in February 2005 on Wichita Recordings.  In the United States, it was released in March 2005 by Vice Records.  It was given a lot of praise.  It was voted as the NME album of the year for 2005, and reached number three on UK album charts before being certified platinum. The first single from the album, "So Here We Are", made the top 5 on UK charts. Further, the singles "Banquet", "Helicopter" and "Pioneers", managed to reach the UK top 20 but did not do as well as "So Here We Are". The animated music video for "Pioneers" was made by Shoreditch-based designers Minivegas. It was number one in the NME video charts for four weeks.
The band got good reviews from critics in the United States, and they toured there a lot over 2006. At the start of 2006, they finished their tour with sold out shows in Los Angeles, Miami and Berkeley. It sold 350,000 copies in North America and over a million worldwide. After the success of the album, the established electronic group The Chemical Brothers soon collaborated with Okereke for "Believe", a track on the Brothers' Push the Button album. An album of remixes of tracks from Silent Alarm was released at the end of August in the UK. The album was called Silent Alarm Remixed, and it kept the first album's song list.
During July, Bloc Party recorded two new tracks with Silent Alarm producer Paul Epworth. The songs were released as an extended play called Two More Years. The release of this EP came with another release of Silent Alarm, which had on it both "Two More Years" and old single "Little Thoughts". "Two More Years" was released later at the same time as their October 2005 UK tour. The single also had a remix of "Banquet" done by The Streets, for which a music video was also made.

The band also made the track "The Present" for the Help!: A Day in the Life compilation album. The money raised from this album went to the War Child charity. In 2005, their album track "Like Eating Glass" was used on the soundtrack of a horror movie called Cry Wolf. It was also remixed for use on Activision's skateboarding game Tony Hawk's American Wasteland.

 A Weekend in the City
Bloc Party's second album, A Weekend in the City, was produced by Jacknife Lee. It was published by Wichita in the UK and Vice Records in the US and was released in February 2007. However, it was leaked in November 2006. It was released on the UK iTunes store before in shops, and reached second place in the Official UK Chart. The album did just as well in Australia and Belgium. It entered at number 12 in the Billboard 200, with 48,000 copies sold.  The first single, "The Prayer", was released on 29 January. It became the single which did the best in the UK Top 40 for the band, reaching fourth place.  Before the release of the album, BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe played a live recording of the band at the Maida Vale studio, featuring both old and new songs, on his radio show on 30 January 2007.  On 1 February 2007, A Weekend in the City was made able free to listen to on the band's official MySpace page.
The next single, "I Still Remember", was Bloc Party's highest charting single in America.  It got to number 24 on the Modern Rock Chart. The band released their third single, "Hunting for Witches", in August 2007.  The single was their only ARIA Chart entry, getting to number 20.

In October 2007 Bloc Party said they would release a new single, "Flux", on 13 November—ahead of their end-of-year concerts. The electronic song, also produced by Jacknife Lee, was very different from previous singles released by the band.
The band's first concert following the release of A Weekend In The City was on 5 February 2007, in Reading.  It was played live on BBC 6 Music that night. On 20 May 2007, Bloc Party were the first band to play that year on the In New Music We Trust stage at the BBC Radio 1 Big Weekend at Preston.  They also took part in the UK Live Earth concert on 7 July 2007 at Wembley Stadium. The band also played sets at T in the Park and Oxegen 2007 that same weekend, as well as Glastonbury and the Reading and Leeds Festivals. Bloc Party said that they would tour Australia and New Zealand in August 2007, which would include a special concert at the Splendour in the Grass Festival on 5 August. On 17 September 2007 they recorded a concert for the PBS show Austin City Limits. This was the day after playing at the Austin City Limits Music Festival.  On 27 October 2007, the band performed with the Exmoor Singers, a London-based choir, as part of the BBC Electric Proms
. They played songs from both Silent Alarm and A Weekend In The City along with the first UK live performance of "Flux".  During 2007, Russell Lissack formed his side project group Pin Me Down with Melina Mepris.
Intimacy 
"Mercury", the first single from Bloc Party's third album Intimacy, was played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show on 7 July 2008. It then appeared on the Radio 1 website fifteen minutes later. The exclusive followed a countdown timer which was put in place of the band's website for three days, which ended with a link to the Radio 1 website at the time of Lowe's radio show.  Many fans were expecting new songs over the internet, with some being annoyed by the act. The song had an electronic sound like the last single, "Flux". During the first play of "Mercury" on Radio 1, Kele was with Zane Lowe, and said that Jacknife Lee and Paul Epworth would be producing the new album. It was also said that the single was to be released on 11 August 2008. The video was put out with the single.
Bloc Party's third studio album has a new, electronic sound, even though Kele said this would not be the case.  He had said before this that the sound would be as raw as Silent Alarm, but as "experienced" as A Weekend in the City.

The band talked about the release of their third album with fans on a forum on 18 August 2008.  The album then was made available for pre-order in many formats - an MP3 download with the CD release on 27 October 2008.  "Trojan Horse", a song from the album, was made available to stream through NME's website. On 20 August 2008, the band added more album tracks, "Signs" and "One Month Off", as well as "Trojan Horse", to their MySpace profile.  On 23-24 August, 2008, the band played concerts at the Reading and Leeds Festivals.  The band played set-opener "Mercury", as well as album track "One Month Off". A concert like that one followed a week later on 30 August 2008, when the band played as the main act at the Hydro Connect Music Festival, in Argyll, Scotland.
During Autumn 2008, the band played in North America and Canada.  They played at the Virgin Mobile Festival in Toronto on 6 September 2008, and had their first ever American college show at Syracuse University.  They had their next live performance in the UK on 30 September 2008 with a special concert in London as part of Q Awards: The Gigs. As well as this, they played at the Glasgow date of MTV Two and Topman's "Gonzo on Tour" on 19 October 2008. On 8 September 2008, Bloc Party said that their next single, "Talons" would be released on 20 October 2008. The song was not able to be downloaded as part of the pre-order album released on August 27, but did appear on the full album release on 27 October 2008. It was also given to fans who had already bought the download-only album, given out after the song's first play on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show.
After the digital release of Intimacy'', Bloc Party said to the public that they would go on another UK tour, starting on 25 January 2009 in Glasgow. They will then play in Manchester and Wolverhampton in the same month, with another gig in Wolverhampton on 1 February 2009.  Their first UK tour since December 2007 will finish on 12 April 2009 in London. Also in early 2009, the band toured North America in many small places.  In June 2009 they announced that their new single is called One More Chance. This song was not on Intimacy and was played on Radio One on the 18th of June 2009. It was released during August 2009.

Studio albums 
 Silent Alarm (2005)
 A Weekend in the City (2007)
 Intimacy (2008)
 Four (2012)
 Hymns (2016)

References

Other websites 

 Official site

2003 establishments in England
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
 
English rock bands
Indie bands
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups from London
VfR Mannheim a German football team. It is in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg. The club was formed in 1911. The team won German Championship back in 1940s.

VfR Mannheim rivals are Waldhof Mannheim who's stadion is right next to VfR Mannheim's stadion and training facilities

Other websites 
Official team site

1911 establishments in Europe
German football clubs
Mannheim
Sport in Baden-Württemberg
1910s establishments in Germany
SV Waldhof Mannheim is a German football club. It is in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg. The club was founded 1907. The club today has over 2,400 people. The team plays in the Regionalliga Süd the 4th German Football division.

Other websites 
Official website 

1907 establishments in Germany
German football clubs
Mannheim
Sport in Baden-Württemberg
If a book or a TV show is about science, and is made easy so everyone can understand, then it is popular science.  It is popular because it is made for the whole population, not just for scientists.  Nature documentaries  are examples of popular science.

Popular science is non-fiction, so it is not the same as science fiction. Popular science is also not the same as Science journalism. Science journalism is what journalists write to report the newest theories and discoveries made in science, but popular science is not always about what is newest.

Some famous people who make popular science are David Attenborough, Isaac Asimov, Jacob Bronowski, Arthur C. Clarke, Martin Gardner, J.B.S. Haldane, Stephen Hawking, Bill Nye, and Carl Sagan.
Popular science and scientific literature
When scientists write about their work, first they publish in scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Then they may write books. The purpose of popular science is to show scientific literature in a way that different types of scientists, and people who are not scientists, will easily understand. When people take an idea from scientific literature and change it into popular science, important things about that idea may be left out or added in.

Popular science is a bridge between the literature written for scientists, and the realms of popular writing which ordinary people use. The goal of the genre is to capture the methods and accuracy of science, while making the language more accessible.
Popular science has its problems. Some popular science is made by people who do not understand the subject well. Some is made by people who have a strong bias. Some is part science and part pseudoscience. It can be hard for someone who is not an expert to tell which works of popular science are reliable. Museums, television programs and websites are also in the business of communicating science to the wider public. Not all of these are reliable. The oldest institution devoted to link science to the public may be the Gresham College, which was founded in 1597 in London. It was not entirely devoted to science. The Royal Institution in London has similar aims, and is devoted to science. It was founded in 1799. Both of these institutions have always given lectures by experts to the general public.

References 

Science
Literature
Communication
A lullaby is a song which is sung to help a baby or small child go to sleep. Composers of classical music often wrote pieces for instruments to play (very often for piano solo) which they called "lullaby". They also used the French word Berceuse. Brahms wrote his famous Wiegenlied originally for a young singer, Bertha Faber, when she gave birth to her second son.

Lullabies always have a gentle, rocking rhythm with a simple accompaniment. Frédéric Chopin's Berceuse is a lullaby for piano. Gabriel Fauré wrote one at the beginning of his Dolly Suite for piano duet. There are many other examples. 

Mothers sing lullabies to their children at bedtime. Rock-a-bye Baby and Hush Little Baby are two very well-known lullabies.

There is an example of lullaby:

Rock-a-bye baby

On the tree tops,When the wind blows

The cradle will rock.

When the bough breaks

The cradle will fall,

And down will come baby

Cradle and all.

Example 
 Tha Tha Thabungton

Song forms
Lund is a city in Scania, in the south of Sweden. About 80,000 people live there, which makes it the eleventh biggest city in Sweden. It is close to Malmö. The municipality has about 105,000 people. 

Lund is known for its university, Lund University (founded in 1666). It is the largest university in Scandinavia. The city is also known for its cathedral, Lund Cathedral (Lunds domkyrka).

Lund is an old city. It was probably founded around the year 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark.
Guadalcanal is the biggest island in the Solomon Islands. During World War II, there was a battle there between the Americans and the Japanese.

Related pages
Guadalcanal Campaign

Other websites 
 WW2DB: Guadalcanal Campaign

Geography of the Solomon Islands
Islands of Oceania
1. FC Eintracht Bamberg is a football team in Bamberg, Upper Franconia Germany. In 1946 they were called 1. FC Bamberg and were in the "first Division". Now they play in the "Fourth Division", Regionalliga Bayern, with the new name, F.C. Eintracht Bamberg.

Bamberg
Football clubs in Bavaria
FSV Frankfurt is the second best football team in Frankfurt, Germany  after Eintracht Frankfurt. In the season 2007/08 it became champion of the Regionalliga Süd. Since 2008 FSV Frankfurt plays in the 2. Bundesliga.

Other websites
 FSV-Blog of Frankfurter Rundschau

Frankfurt
German football clubs
Sport in Hesse
1899 establishments in Germany
Joachim Löw (born 3 February 1960) is a former German football player who formerly managed the Germany national football team after being eliminated by England in the UEFA Euro 2020 Round of 16. He became a World Cup winning manager when his team won the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Honours

Managerial
VfB Stuttgart
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup runner-up: 1997–98
 DFB-Pokal: 1996–97
 DFB-Ligapokal runner-up: 1997

Tirol Innsbruck
 Austrian Football Bundesliga: 2001–02

Austria Wien
 Austrian Supercup: 2003

Germany
 FIFA World Cup: 2014; third place: 2010
 FIFA Confederations Cup: 2017
 UEFA European Championship runner-up: 2008
Individual
 Sport Bild German Sports Manager of the Year: 2010
 German Football Man of the Year: 2011, 2014
 German Football Manager of the Year: 2014
 FIFA World Coach of the Year: 2014
 World Soccer Awards Manager of the Year: 2014
 IFFHS World's Best National Coach: 2014, 2017
 L'Équipe Sports Manager of the Year: 2010
 European Coach of the Year—Alf Ramsey Award: 2014
 FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2014
 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2010, 2014
 Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande: 2010
 IFFHS World's Best Man National Coach of the Decade 2011–2020

Managerial statistics

References

Other websites 
 Joachim Löw at dfb.de
 Joachim Löw fansite

1960 births
Living people
German football managers
German footballers
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
Karlsruher SC managers
VfB Stuttgart managers
FK Austria Wien managers
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer that is made by bacteria. It can break down naturally (it is biodegradable). PHA has the same qualities of plastic, but it uses renewable raw material such as sugar from crop, instead of finite natural resources such as crude oil, natural gas and coal. Some PHAs share properties with polypropylene, a plastic used to make ropes and packaging. Others are similar to rubber.

Polymers
SpVgg Bayreuth is a German football team in Bayreuth, Bavaria. It was founded in 1921. The club was banned in 1933 by the Nazis but restarted shortly after World War II. SpVgg Bayreuth plays in one of the Fourths Divisions, the Bayernliga. In the season 2005/2006, they played in the Third Division, the Regionalliga. Today the play in the Fifth Division (Bayernliga Nord).

1921 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Germany
Bayreuth
Football clubs in Bavaria
Max Reger (born in Brand, Bavaria, 19 March 1873; died 11 May 1916) was a German composer, organist, pianist and teacher.

Life 
Reger’s father was a schoolteacher who was an amateur musician. When he was a boy Max helped his father to rebuild an organ that was going to be thrown away. This was the instrument on which he learned to play. It was some time before he started proper lessons, but by the time he was a teenager he was playing the organ for church services. When he was 15 he went to Bayreuth to hear Wagner’s operas. This was the moment when Reger decided he wanted to become a musician.
Reger studied music in Munich and Wiesbaden with a famous teacher Hugo Riemann. He composed a lot of music, especially for the organ. His musical style was similar to that of Brahms, but he also learned a lot from the music of Bach, Mendelssohn and Schumann. He liked the symphonic poems of Liszt and these gave him the ideas for writing chorale fantasies for the organ, although he never wrote music that tells a story (programme music).

In 1902 Reger married. He and his wife adopted two children. In 1907 he became professor of composition at the University of Leipzig. He was a very good teacher. He became well-known abroad. He travelled to London where he spent hours in the art galleries. Then he bored his friends by talking all the time about the paintings. He conducted the orchestra at Meiningen, performing works by many composers, especially Brahms, Bruckner and his own.
Reger enjoyed eating and drinking. He regularly went to his local café where he would eat ten large sausages and drink ten glasses of beer. His health got bad, and he died of a heart attack in Leipzig, where he was visiting friends on his way home from the Netherlands.

Works 
Reger wrote an enormous amount of music, but very little of it is played nowadays. He wrote in a late-Romantic style. He is best remembered for his organ music. He liked to write fugues and sets of Variations. His Fantasy and Fugue on BACH is one of the hardest pieces ever written for organ. He wrote a lovely song called Marias Wiegenlied (''Mary’s lullaby).

1873 births
1916 deaths
20th-century German composers
Romantic composers
German pianists
People from Bavaria
Saint Stephen () is known as the first martyr of Christianity.

Therefore, he is also called the Protomartyr (). He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day was historically kept on August 3. His name means 'laurel wreath' or 'crown' in Greek. His death is described in the Book of Acts. He was stoned to death for blasphemy and is remembered on the Feast of St. Stephen, December 26.

Other websites 
 Saint Stephen at the Catholic Encyclopedia

1 births
30s deaths
Ancient Israeli people
Early Christian saints
Executed people
New Testament people
The Dark Tower is a series of eight books by American writer Stephen King that tells the tale of lead character Roland Deschain's quest for the "Dark Tower." 

Series of books
Books by Stephen King
American fantasy books
Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1, 1947) is an American politician. He was the 54th Governor of the state of New Jersey.  He represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 2001 until 2006, when he stepped down to take his seat as governor. On November 3, 2009, Jon Corzine lost re-election for another four years as governor. The person who won was Chris Christie, who became the governor on January 20, 2010.

References

1947 births
Living people
Governors of New Jersey
United States senators from New Jersey
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Illinois
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Businesspeople from Illinois
James Edward "'Jim"' McGreevey (born August 6, 1957) was the 52nd Governor of New Jersey. In 2004, he said that he was gay. He resigned as governor after he said he had an affair with a male employee. He was the first openly gay governor of any state in the history of the United States.

References

1957 births
LGBT people from New Jersey
Gay men
Governors of New Jersey
American LGBT politicians
Living people
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
In physics, a physical quantity is any physical property that can be quantified, that is, be measured using numbers. Examples of physical quantities are mass, amount of substance, length, time, temperature, electric current, light intensity, force, velocity, density, and many others. A physical quantity is always measured of natural non-living objects (Inanimate objects)

The foundation of physics rests upon physical quantities in term of which the laws of physics are expressed. Therefore, these quantities have to be measured accurately. Physical quantities are often divided into two categories; base quantities and derived quantities. Derived quantities are those quantities which are derived from other physical quantities. Examples of derived quantities are force, velocity, acceleration etc.
A rotor is the rotating part of a helicopter which generates lift, either vertically in the case of a main rotor, or horizontally in the case of a tail rotor.

History and development 

Before the development of powered helicopters in the mid 20th century, autogyro pioneer Juan de la Cierva researched and developed many of the basics of the rotor. Cierva is credited with successful development of multi-bladed, fully articulated rotor systems. This type of system is widely used today in many multi-bladed helicopters.

Other websites 

 Rotor Analysis - Blade Element Momentum Theory
 Helicopter Rotorhead Close-up Image Gallery

Helicopters
In music, the word variation is to play a piece of music and change the notes or add parts into it but also making it sound like the piece of music in another way.

Many composers wrote pieces which are examples of theme and variation.  Sometimes the theme is one they made up, at other times they took a theme that another composer had already written and then made variations on it.

There are lots of ways of varying a tune, and each variation will change it in a different way.  A variation may play the tune much faster or much slower, it may change the tune by adding extra sharps and flats or other ornamental notes, or by playing the tune in octaves.  It may change the harmony or the rhythm or use different instruments.  It may combine the tune in different parts (counterpoint).
History in music 
Composers have used variations in music for centuries.  In the Renaissance and Baroque periods composers wrote variations on a short tune in the bass which was repeated again and again.  This was called a ground bass or sometimes it was a passacaglia or chaconne.  Renaissance composers also liked writing what they called “divisions”.  This meant varying a tune by playing it, for example, at twice the speed or half the speed etc. so that crotchets (quarter notes) became minims (half notes) or quavers (eighth notes).

George Frideric Handel wrote a famous set of variations for harpsichord called Harmonious Blacksmith, and Johann Sebastian Bach wrote the Goldberg Variations, which was a set of 30 variations: a very long piece of music.  It was written for a man who found it difficult to sleep at night, so he would ask his harpsichord player, whose name was Goldberg, to play to him.