Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The United Kingdom and the Netherlands went to the conference but did not sign the treaty at that time. After further consideration, the United Kingdom did sign the treaty in 1884 and the Netherlands became a member in 1929.

In 1889 the copies of the kilogram and the metre were ready to be given to the different countries that signed the treaty.

The United States Congress ratified the treaty in 1878. The United Kingdom signed the treaty 1884. Neither country passed laws making it compulsory to use the metric system.

In 1921 the Metre Convention was extended to include all physical measurements including time, electricity and temperature.

In 1960 the BIPM published the "International System of Units" (or SI). SI clarified a number of areas of the metric system, particularly in science and in engineering. The BIPM also standardized the way in which SI was written making it the same for all languages.

History
History 

There are 16 US fluid ounces in a US pint but there are 20 imperial [UK] fluid ounces in an imperial pint. The US fluid ounce is larger than the imperial fluid ounce, but the imperial pint is larger than the US pint.  In the 1700's this type situation was common across Europe. Each country  measured length, weight/mass and volume in its own way. Sometimes different countries or cities used the same name for different measurements.   Sometimes different cities in the same country had different ways of measuring things. In 1789 there were a quarter of a million different units of weight and measure in France.
French Revolution
During the French Revolution, French scientists decided that it would be better to have a new system of weights and measures. The system would be the same in all French provinces and cities. They also decided that it would be easier if the new system used 10's instead of 12's, 16's or 20's, because people normally count in 10's. The new system became the official system of measurement in France in 1799. One of the French leaders, the Marquis de Condorcet declared that  "[the metric system] is for all people for all time".
They decided that the new system would be for everybody on Earth and that the new unit of length would be called a "metre". They decided there would be  between the North Pole and the equator. Between 1791 and 1798 two surveyors, Pierre Méchain and Jean-Baptiste Delambre, measured the distance between the cities of Dunkirk to Barcelona using old French units, and used the stars to measure their latitudes. They used this information to work out that the length of the metre should be 443.296 lignes. In 1798 the French scientists made a bar of platinum that was exactly one metre long.  They stored this bar in the French archives. It was called the metre des archives. People who made one metre rulers were able to check that their rulers were the same length as the metre des archives. Other scientists made a kilogram weight from platinum which was also put in the archives. This weight was called the kilogram des archives.
First attempt to metricate France
In 1799 the metric system was made compulsory, meaning people were made to use it by law, in the region around Paris. This caused a lot of confusion because the police enforced the new measures but customers preferred the old ones. So shopkeepers had to have both. People became worried the new measures were used to cheat them. Politicians tried to educate and convince people to use metric, but the people rejected the metric system. In 1800 the government tried to make the system acceptable by changing the names of the units back to the simpler names used before metrication. For example, the decimetre, centimetre, and millimetre were renamed to palme (hand), doigt (finger) and trait (trace).
In 1799 Napoleon became the leader of France. By 1812 he had conquered most of Europe. He introduced the metric system to the countries that he conquered. In 1815 he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo. After Napoleon was defeated, most of the countries started using their old systems of measurement again.

During this time, the metric system was still the official system of measurement in France. And it still had simplified unit names. But the French people continued to use the measures they were used to. The French government tried to persuade the people to convert. They mass-produced metric rulers. They tried to teach the people to use metric measures, and commanded the police to punish people who would not cooperate. Eventually the government stopped trying and withdrew the metric system.
France abandon the metric system
On 12 February 1812, France stopped using the metric system and started using a new system called mesures usuelles. The new system was based on many of the old pre-metric units. The old units were redefined to be round numbers or fractions of the withdrawn metric units. For example the livre (pound) was reintroduced and changed from 489 grams to 500 grams. The toise was redefined as 2 metres. The toise contained 6 pied (feet), changed from 324.8 mm to  of a metre (333.33 mm). The pied had 12 pouces (inches) and the pouce had 12 lignes.

Second attempt to metricate France
In 1837 the metrication laws were revived by the July Monarchy in France and in 1840 the system became compulsory throughout France, almost 50 years after it was first introduced.
Wider adoption of the metric system
During the nineteenth century many small countries started cooperating with each other. In 1815 the Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed from seventeen small states. Each state had its own system of measurement. In 1820 they decided that it would be better if everybody used the metric system.

In 1815 the German Confederation was formed. It was an association of 39 different states. Each state had its own system of measurements. In 1834 the German Confederation formed a customs union called the Zollverein. In 1851 the Zollverein decided to use metric units for trade between the various states. In 1871, most of the states in the German Confederation were joined together to form the German Empire. The German Empire continued to use the metric system.

In the same year, Italy was also formed from a large number of small states. Italy also decided to use the metric system rather than choosing one of the old systems of measurement.
By 1875  many European and Latin American counties were already using the metric system. These countries included France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Peru and Columbia. Between 1875 and 1914 many more countries including Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Paraguay, Philippines and Vietnam started to use the metric system. In 1917, during the Bolshevik Revolution, the USSR (now Russia) adopted the metric system.  By the start of the Second World War most non-English speaking countries had adopted the metric system.
United States
In 1866, after most of the South American countries started to use the metric system, the United States passed a law that allowed people to use either the metric system or United States customary units for trade. Before 1893 the yard was defined as the length of the "standard yard" which was kept by the United States Treasury. The pound was defined as being the mass of the "standard pound". In 1893 the United States Congress passed the Mendenhall Order. This order defined the yard as being exactly  metres and the pound as being exactly 0.4535924277 kilogram. The order only changed the definitions of the pound and the yard. It had no other effect on people's lives.
In 1975 the Metric Conversion Act started a formal metrication process.  Metrication was to be voluntary. It was to be coordinated by the U.S. Metric Board. In 1988 the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act said that metric units had to be used for all federal projects.  The Act did not apply to state projects. Some states demanded that metric units be used but other states did not. Some industries changed to using metric units but others did not.  Soft drinks are sold in metric quantities. Milk is sold in customary units.  Metric units are widely used in the design of motor cars.  Aircraft such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner were designed using mainly customary units.
Some people in the United States want to complete the change-over to the metric system. They say that it will make things easier for everybody. Other people say that it will cost too much money.
Some people want to use the metric system because it will make it easier to export goods. Other people say that metrication can only work if all fifty states metricate at the same time. This will not happen unless the Federal Government takes the lead.

However, in the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and Guam, the metric system is already officially used and is dominant. The metric system was introduced to both territories, when they were Spanish colonies, and has remained official and dominant after they became U.S. territories.
United Kingdom
In 1897 the United Kingdom passed a law allowing people to use either the metric system or Imperial units for trade. By the late 1960s three quarters of British exports were to countries that used the metric system. However people in the United Kingdom still used imperial units. The Metrication Board was set up in 1969 to help Britain change to the metric system. Each company had to pay their own expenses. Some companies saved a lot of money by changing to the metric system because they could make the same goods for export as they made for sales in the United Kingdom. For example, almost all motor cars use metric-sized nuts and bolts.  Other companies lost money because they had to make many changes but did not have any benefit from the changes.
When the Metrication Board was closed down in 1981 most of government and industry had changed to the metric system but a lot of everyday things like road signs had not been changed. A survey taken in 2013 showed that metric units and imperial units were both widely used by British people in their private lives.

Related pages 
 Conversion of units
 International System of Units, describes more advanced aspects of the metric system

Notes

References 

Measurement
Systems
Piranha 3DD is a 2011 movie directed by John Gulager taken from the subject by Alexandre Aja.
The movie is the sequel to Piranha 3D. It stars Ving Rhames and Christopher Lloyd.

Plot
Is now one year after the attack of piranhas in Lake Victoria and everything now seems back to normal.
Instead, it turns out that not all piranhas are dead.
Lake Victoria has just opened a water park in the lake and the piranhas are hungry...

Fallon was seemingly dead in the first chapter.
Perhaps the movie is a reboot, or Fallon was not dead as it seemed.

Cast
 Ving Rhames: Deputy Fallon
 Christopher Lloyd: Carl Goodman
 Paul Scheer: Andrew 
 Danielle Panebaker: Owner of the park

2011 movies
Movies about fish
English-language movies
Matthew Paul Miller (born June 30, 1979), better known by his name and stage name Matisyahu, is a Jewish-American singer. He combines elements of reggae, rap, beatbox, alternative rock and Hasidic themes in his music.

Early and personal life
Matisyahu was born in Pennsylvania, but grew up in White Plains, New York. He was raised in a reconstructionist Jewish home.  In his teenage years, he began to rebel and started to take drugs; later on he began a journey of self-exploration. 

Matisyahu married his first wife, Tahlia, in August 2004, and they have three sons. In 2014 the couple divorced. In 2019 he got married again. He has stated that he is vegan.

Career

Matisyahu's most famous songs are "King Without a Crown", "Jerusalem", and "One Day". He has collaborated with Akon, The Crystal Method, and Infected Mushroom.

Since 2004, he has released 5 studio albums, as well as 2 live albums, 2 remix albums, and 2 DVDs with live concerts.

References
References

Rappers from Pennsylvania
American rock singers
American reggae musicians
Singers from Pennsylvania
1979 births
Living people
Thomas Alan "Tom" Waits (born December 7, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and composer. He is  known for his distinct voice, electric instrumentation, and occasionally surreal lyrics. His work often includes elements of the blues, jazz, and musical theatre.

1949 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
American movie actors
Musicians from Los Angeles County, California
People from Pomona, California
Singers from Los Angeles County, California
Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore is the second-largest civil airport in Pakistan, serving the capital of Punjab province. It has both international and domestic air traffic. It was first called the  Lahore International Airport, but it was renamed in 2003 for Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal. He was the Islamic poet-philosopher who was a major supporter for the creation of the state of Pakistan. The airport has parking for 20 aircraft, and the airport terminal can handle up to five million passengers a year.

References

Other websites
 Allama Iqbal International Airport website

Airports in Pakistan
The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) was a large mammal species of rhinoceros, now extinct. It was widespread throughout the tundra of northern Eurasia during the Pleistocene epoch, about 1.8 million years ago until about 10,000 years ago (the end of the last ice age). 

Recently, the earliest known woolly rhino fossil was discovered from 3.6 million years in the Himalayas on the cold Tibetan plateau. It lived there during a period of general climate warmth around the earth. It is believed that they migrated from there to other parts when the ice age developed.

Description 
It was well adapted to the cold; it had thick, shaggy fur, small ears, short legs, and a massive body (all to lessen heat loss). Fossils of this early rhino have been found, in addition to well-preserved corpses, which were found in frozen gravel in Siberia. Stone Age humans hunted woolly rhinos; they drew pictures of the rhinos on cave walls 30,000 years ago, giving us even more information about these large mammals.
References 

Rhinoceroses
Extinct species
The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), is a species of mammoth. They were large elephants which lived during the ice ages. The animal is known from bones and frozen carcasses from northern North America and northern Eurasia. The best preserved carcasses were found in Siberia. They are perhaps the most well known species of mammoth. Woolly mammoths are now extinct, so we can't see them anymore.

This mammoth species was first recorded in deposits of a former glaciation in Eurasia, perhaps 150,000 years ago.

The woolly mammoth coexisted with early humans, who hunted them. Their bones and tusks were used as tools, and dwellings. Mammoths were also hunted for food. The species disappeared from most of its range at the end of the Pleistocene (10,000 years ago), with a dwarfed race still living on Wrangel Island until about 1700 BC.

Cave paintings of the woolly mammoth have been found in caves in France and Spain.

References 

Extinct elephants
Mammals of North America
Mammals of Asia
Mammals of Europe
Rival or rivals may refer to:

Literature, music, and media
 "Rival" (Pearl Jam song), song on Pearl Jam'''s 2000's album Binaural "Rival" (song), the second opening theme song of the Pocket Monsters series
 "Rivals" (DS9 episode), the eleventh episode of the second season of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine "The Rivals" (The O.C. episode), the 17th episode of the FOX television series, The O.C. The Rival, comic book villain, enemy of The Flash
 The Rivals, play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan
 Rivals (film), a 1925 film starring Oliver Hardy
 Sonic Rivals'', video game

Other use
 Rivals in sports 
 Rivals.com, a network of United States-based sports Web sites which focus especially on college sports and also recruiting
 College rivalry
 Rivalry (economics)
 Monocular rivalry and Binocular rivalry in vision.
 Sibling rivalry (brothers and sisters)
 The Rivals (band), an English punk band
 The Rivals (mountain), a mountain on the Llŷn peninsula in Gwynedd
 Rivals, Kentucky
Renewable energy in Pakistan is mostly solar and wind power.  It is a relatively underdeveloped sector. In recent years, environmental groups and the authorities explored renewable energy resources for energy production. New renewable energy projects were designed to address the energy crises and power shortages affecting the country.
Renewable energy

Economy of Pakistan
Welfare is an idea from economics and Social Security. The idea is that everyone should have a minimal living standard. People who cannot reach this standard will be supported, usually by the state. Using welfare, everyone has their basic needs covered. This idea is different from the idea of charity.

Welfare can take different forms:
Certain goods are subsidized by the state. In that way, in many countries the price of goods people need daily, such as bread or rice may be fixed by the state.
A voucher is similar to a subsidy, except that it may only be used in a certain way. An example of this might be the cafeteria at the university; certain students get their meals cheaper, because they have a voucher. The cafeteria then exchanges the voucher, and will be paid the difference.
It is also possible to pay money directly: people will then get a monthly amount of money. They can spend this money on anything, without restriction.
Some countries need to have proof you applied for a job to receive welfare.
Welfare money is given by the government, charities, and other groups of people to help homeless, old, illness, poor, and disabled people (people who cannot help themselves), and also helps children (child support).

Welfare can also be called the well-being of someone or a group of people: their happiness, health, safety, and fortune.

In countries like Germany, Japan, United States, Sweden, and France, government welfare also is used to help the needy.

Related pages
Social worker
Right to an adequate standard of living
Economic, social and cultural rights
Welfare economics
Welfare state

Human rights
Welfare economics
In politics, an Independent is someone who is not a member of any political party. Independents can have a centrist opinion on what they want to do when they are elected, or they may have extreme opinions that are very different from what other parties have. Also, there are some politicians who may choose to contest an election by themselves as an Independent candidate even if they used to be a member of a political party, because they do not want to follow their party's political ideology. Some Independents may create their own political party just to take part in an election.

Politicians
RNE (Spanish: "Radio Nacional de España") (English: "Spain's National Radio") is a Spanish public radio broadcaster. Since 1973 it's integrated on the RTVE group. Now, RNE is made up of 6 radio channels:
 Radio Nacional (national radio) - a general radio channel.
 Radio clásica (classical radio) - plays classical music
 Radio 3 - alternative music and culture
 Ràdio 4 - generalist radio channel on Catalan
 Radio 5 - information radio channel
 Radio exterior (exterior radio): outside Spain's radio service

References 

Radio
The Cleveland Barons were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1976–78. They had been the California Golden Seals, which had played in Oakland since 1967. The franchise was then moved to Cleveland. After only two seasons, the team joined with the Minnesota North Stars.

Related pages

Defunct National Hockey League teams
Sports in Cleveland
1976 establishments in the United States
1978 disestablishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Ohio
The Colorado Rockies were an American professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They played in Denver, Colorado, from 1976 to 1982. They had been the Kansas City Scouts, a 1974 expansion team, until the franchise was moved to Denver. In 1982 the franchise again moved to East Rutherford, New Jersey, in 1982 and was renamed the New Jersey Devils. The NHL did not return to Denver until 1995, when the Quebec Nordiques moved to become the Colorado Avalanche.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
Sports in Denver
1976 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Colorado
1982 disestablishments in the United States
The Hamilton Tigers were a professional ice hockey team, and a member of the National Hockey League (NHL). They were based in Hamilton, Ontario, and played from 1920–1925. The Tigers were formed from the sale of the Quebec Bulldogs NHL franchise. After years of struggling, the team finished first in the league in the 1924-25 NHL season. However, after a players' strike at the end of the season the team broke up.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
Sport in Hamilton
1920 establishments
1925 disestablishments
1920s establishments in Canada
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
The Montreal Maroons (officially the Montreal Professional Hockey Club) was a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They played in the NHL from 1924 to 1938, winning the Stanley Cup in 1926 and 1935.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1924 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Canada
1938 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
The Ottawa Senators were an amateur, and later, professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a founding member of the National Hockey League (NHL) and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934. The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club (Ottawa HC), was known by several nicknames, including the Generals in the 1890s, the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907 and the Senators dating from 1908.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1883 establishments
1880s establishments in Canada
1954 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
The Pittsburgh Pirates were an American professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL), based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1925–26 to 1929–30. The nickname comes from the baseball team also based in the city. For the 1930–31 season the team moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and played one season as the Philadelphia Quakers.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1925 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
The St. Louis Eagles were a professional ice hockey team and a former member of the National Hockey League (NHL) based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Eagles lasted for only one year, playing in the 1934–35 NHL season.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1934 establishments in the United States
1935 disestablishments
20th-century establishments in Missouri
1930s disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Missouri
In Christian theology, reconciliation is the process of repairing one's relationship with God. This comes after atonement. It is a part of salvation. Reconciliation is the end of the estrangement, caused by original sin, between God and his people. John Calvin describes reconciliation as the peace between humanity and God that results from atoning for religious sin.

References

Christian theology
Safi Airways Co. () is an Afghan airline. The airline Safi Airways - IATA-Code 4Q - was started in 2006 by Rahim Safi, an Afghan Businessman. This private airline has its head office in the Safi Airline Center in Shahr-e-Naw, Kabul and an administrative office in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

References

Other websites 
Safi Airways Official Website 

Airlines of Asia
Kabul
The Slovak Extraliga is the top level ice hockey league in Slovakia. It was founded in 1993, the same year that Slovakia became and independent country.

Champions
1994 HC Dukla Trenčín
1995 HC Košice
1996 HC Košice
1997 HC Dukla Trenčín
1998 HC Slovan Bratislava
1999 HC Košice
2000 HC Slovan Bratislava
2001 HKm Zvolen
2002 HC Slovan Bratislava
2003 HC Slovan Bratislava
2004 HC Dukla Trenčín
2005 HC Slovan Bratislava
2006 MsHK Žilina
2007 HC Slovan Bratislava
2008 HC Slovan Bratislava
2009 HC Košice
2010 HC Košice
2011 HC Košice

Other websites
History of Slovak ice hockey 

Ice hockey leagues
The Swedish Hockey League (SHL),  is a professional ice hockey league in the country of Sweden. It was founded in 1975 as the Swedish Elite League , and is the top level of ice hockey in Sweden. The name was changed in June 2013.

Swedish national champions

1976 - Brynäs IF
1977 - Brynäs IF
1978 - Skellefteå AIK
1979 - Modo AIK
1980 - Brynäs IF
1981 - Färjestads BK
1982 - AIK
1983 - Djurgårdens IF
1984 - AIK
1985 - Södertälje SK
1986 - Färjestads BK
1987 - IF Björklöven
1988 - Färjestads BK
1989 - Djurgårdens IF
1990 - Djurgårdens IF
1991 - Djurgårdens IF
1992 - Malmö IF
1993 - Brynäs IF
1994 - Malmö IF
1995 - HV71
1996 - Luleå HF
1997 - Färjestads BK
1998 - Färjestads BK
1999 - Brynäs IF
2000 - Djurgårdens IF
2001 - Djurgårdens IF
2002 - Färjestads BK
2003 - Västra Frölunda HC
2004 - HV71
2005 - Frölunda HC
2006 - Färjestads BK
2007 - Modo Hockey
2008 - HV71
2009 - Färjestads BK
2010 - HV71
2011 - Färjestads BK
2012 - Brynäs IF
2013 - Skellefteå AIK
2014 - Skellefteå AIK
2015 - Växjö Lakers HC
2016 - Frölunda HC
2017 - HV71
2018 - Växjö Lakers HC
2019 - Frölunda HC
2020 - Cancelled because of the Corona pandemic
2021 - Växjö Lakers HC
2022 - Färjestads BK

Other websites

Official Swedish Hockey League website 

1975 establishments in Europe
Ice hockey in Sweden
Ice hockey leagues
1970s establishments in Sweden
Sports organizations of Sweden
Victorious (stylized as VICTORiOUS) is an American sitcom created by Dan Schneider that originally aired on Nickelodeon from March 27, 2010, to February 2, 2013. The show revolves around aspiring singer Tori Vega (portrayed by Victoria Justice), a teenager who attends a performing arts high school called Hollywood Arts High School, after taking her older sister Trina's (Daniella Monet) place in a showcase while getting into screwball situations on a daily basis. On her first day at Hollywood Arts, she meets Andre Harris (Leon Thomas III), Robbie Shapiro (Matt Bennett), Rex Powers (Robbie's puppet), Jade West (Elizabeth Gillies), Cat Valentine (Ariana Grande), and Beck Oliver (Avan Jogia).
Plot 
The series follows Tori Vega, a teenage girl who is accepted into Hollywood Arts, a performing arts high school for talented teens. The show follows Tori and her friends as she finds her place within Hollywood Arts, completing school projects that usually involve musical and theatrical performances, and overcoming unusual and absurd challenges. Other students at Hollywood Arts (and the students who make up Tori's group of friends) include the musical prodigy Andre Harris, the socially awkward Robbie Shapiro and his ventriloquist dummy Rex, the sweet but dim-witted red-head Cat Valentine, the sarcastic and mean Jade West (who serves as Tori's frenemy), Jade's handsome down-to-earth boyfriend Beck Oliver, and Tori's untalented and self-absorbed older sister Trina. Other characters include Erwin Sikowitz, the performing-arts teacher for Hollywood Arts; Lane Alexander, the school's guidance counselor; and Sinjin Van Cleef, an odd and often unsettling classmate that handles audiovisual.

Cast
Cast 

 Victoria Justice as Tori Vega
 Leon Thomas III as Andre Harris
 Matt Bennett as Robbie Shapiro
 Elizabeth Gillies as Jade West
 Ariana Grande as Cat Valentine
 Avan Jogia as Beck Oliver
 Daniella Monet as Trina Vega
Characters 
 Tori Vega - the main character of the series. She goes to school at Hollywood Arts, a high school for talented teens. She first discovered her talent after she takes her older sister Trina's place in a big showcase at the school. Tori's best friend is Andre Harris, and her is frenemy is Jade West.
 Andre Harris - a musical prodigy who is Tori's best friend. He helps Tori out a lot. He takes music very seriously.
 Robbie Shapiro - a nerdy boy who carries a puppet named Rex Powers.
 Jade West - a Gothic girl who is Tori's frenemy. She is often the villain of the series. Her boyfriend is Beck Oliver.
Cat Valentine - a sweet and innocent girl who is also very naive. Her hair is dyed the color red because it is the color of her favorite snack, a red velvet cupcake. When she feels offended, she will say "What's that supposed to mean?!" Andre nicknames her "Little Red", because she is little and has red hair. She is also the only character who is a good friend to Trina, because the other characters (especially Tori because they are sisters) usually get annoyed by Trina.
 Beck Oliver - Jade's boyfriend, who is well-liked by the other characters. He keeps things together in tough situations.
 Trina Vega - Tori's big sister, who was always the star of the Vega house. She acts like a diva as she believes that stardom is her destiny, but the truth is that she does not have much talent. Her attitude is that she is a celebrity, but she really has the talent of a much lower grade.
 Rex Powers - Robbie's puppet. He is often sarcastic, unlike Robbie.
References

Other websites 
 
 Victorious at Nick.com
 

2010 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
2010s American sitcoms
American teen comedy television series
High school television series
Nickelodeon television series
Television series about friendship
Television series about sisters
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
The Samani dynasty ( Sāmāniyān), also called the Samanid Empire, or simply Samanids (819–999) was a Tajik state and empire in Central Asia and Greater Iran. It is named after its founder Saman Khuda, who converted to Sunni Islam. He had been born a member of the Zoroastrian nobility. It was the first Persian empire in Greater Iran and Central Asia after the Sassanid Persian empire collapsed because of the Arab conquest.

References 

History of Afghanistan
History of Pakistan
Royal dynasties
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore chooses as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament (MP) who, he thinks, will have the highest chance of being supported by a majority of MPs.

The first time there was a Prime Minister was in 1959 and it was chosen by the Governor of Singapore and later the Yang di-Pertuan Negara (head of state), when Singapore could have the power to govern as the State of Singapore inside the British Empire. The title of Prime Minister did not change after Singapore merged with the Federation of Malaya, Sarawak and British North Borneo, while Singapore was a state in the Federation of Malaysia from 1963 to 1965, and after independence in 1965.
Lee Kuan Yew was the first prime minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990 and retired on 26 November 1990. Goh Chok Tong took over Lee Kuan Yew, while Lee Kuan Yew  was given the job of Senior Minister in the Prime Minister's Office. Goh Chok Tong retired on 12 August 2004 and was replaced by Lee Kuan Yew's son Lee Hsien Loong. Goh was given the job of Senior Minister, and the older Lee the job of Minister Mentor.

List of prime ministers of Singapore

List of deputy prime ministers 
The Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) is the second highest position and the second most senior Cabinet Minister in Singapore. The DPM will sometimes become the Acting Prime Minister when the Prime Minister is temporarily not in Singapore. Since the mid-1980s, Singapore has usually had two Deputy Prime Ministers at one time.

(1) Ong Teng Cheong and Tony Tan served under more than one Prime Minister during their time as Deputy Prime Minister.

Related pages
Cabinet of Singapore

References

Other websites 
 Prime Minister's Office
Political office-holders in Singapore
Singapore
The Rhipidistia are lobe-finned fish, and include the ancestors of the tetrapods. The Rhipidistia are a subgroup of Sarcopterygii which includes the lungfish (Dipnoi) and the tetrapodomorphs.

As cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the ancestor of the whole Tetrapoda.

Taxonomy
Rhipidistia
Dipnomorpha
†Porolepiformes
†Powichthys
Dipnoi
Tetrapodomorpha
†Rhizodontiformes
Osteolepidida
Osteolepiformes
†Tristichopteridae
Elpistostegalia
†Panderichthys
Tetrapoda

References
palaeos.com page 
Taxonomicon page 

Lobe-finned fish
Elisheva or Elisheba was a wife of the priest Aaron. They are mentioned in the Bible. Aaron was a brother of the prophet Moses.

She is known as Alishahda in Islam.

Her father was Amminadab and her brother was Nahshon.

Her sons were Nadab and Abihu, Ithamar and Eleazar.

She was buried in the Tomb of the Matriarchs.

Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
15th-century BC deaths
Amminadab was a man mentioned in the Bible as an ancestor of Jesus.

He was a son of Ram and father of Nahshon and Elisheva, who married priest Aaron.

Laurence Gardner proposed Amminadab to be pharaoh Akhenaten.

Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
15th-century BC deaths
The Moose Jaw Warriors is a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1984. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan at the Mosaic Place. They have reached the WHL finals once in 2006 but were swept in 4 games by the Vancouver Giants. They were originally known as the Winnipeg Warriors until relocating to Moose Jaw in 1984.

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Official website

1980 establishments
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Saskatchewan
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey tournaments have been played at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was first played at the 1920 Summer Olympics, but was moved to the Winter Olympics in 1924. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Canada holds the record for the most Gold medals, with 11.

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List of Olympic medalists  on IIHF.com

Ice hockey competitions
Winter Olympic sports
The Ice Hockey World Championships are a yearly ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The World Championships were first officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships, the predecessor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910. The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship. Between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year. The first World Championship that was held as an individual event was in 1930.

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List of World Championship medalists on IIHF.com

Ice hockey competitions
Tangier, also Tangiers (Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵏⵊⴰ Tanja, archaic Berber name: Tingi, Arabic: طنجة Ṭanja) is a city in northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 (2008 census). It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. It is the capital of the Tangier-Tetouan Region and of the Tangier-Asilah prefecture of Morocco near the Spanish border. 

The history of Tangier is very rich due to the historical presence of many civilizations and cultures starting from the 5th century BC. Between the period of being a Phoenician town to the independence era around the 1950s, Tangier was a place—and, sometimes a refuge—for many cultures. However, it was not until 1923 that Tangier was attributed an international status by foreign colonial powers, thus becoming a destination for many Europeans, Americans and Indians alike.
The city is currently undergoing rapid development and modernization. Projects include new 5-star hotels along the bay, a modern business district called Tangier City Centre, a new airport terminal and a new soccer stadium. Tangier's economy is also set to benefit greatly from the new Tanger-Med port.

Other websites 
Official site of The Tangier American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies
Travel article with photos
Tangier photo gallery
 Navigating Tangier’s Labyrinth – slideshow by The New York Times

1945 establishments
Phoenician colonies
Cities in Morocco
Société Tunisienne de l'Air, or Tunisair () is the flag carrier airline of Tunisia.  Formed in 1948, it operates scheduled international services to European, African and Middle Eastern destinations.  Its main base is Tunis-Carthage International Airport. The airline's head office is in Tunis, near Tunis Airport.

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Tunisair quotes on the Tunis Stock Exchange 

20th-century establishments in  Tunisia
1948 establishments
Airlines of Africa
Tunis
The last Senior Ministers of Singapore were Goh Chok Tong, the second Prime Minister of Singapore and S Jayakumar, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore. This job has been held by Goh since August 12, 2004, and used to be held by Lee Kuan Yew, the first Prime Minister of Singapore, from November 28, 1990, until August 12, 2004, and S. Rajaratnam, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, from 1985 to 1988. After Goh Chok Tong became Senior Minister, a new ministerial job, the Minister Mentor, was created and given to Lee Kuan Yew. On 26 March 2009, Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong announced that the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (DPM) S. Jayakumar would let go of his job as the DPM and become Senior Minister in the Prime Minister's Office.

In the 2011 general elections, S. Jayakumar did not contest in the election and retired from politics.
After the elections, the Senior Minister position was renamed to Emeritus Senior Minister and is still headed by former prime minister Goh Chok Tong.

List of Senior Ministers of Singapore

References

Related pages
 Prime Minister of Singapore
Edifício Altino Arantes  is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil. It is 161 meters (528 feet) tall and has 36 floors. It was built in 1947.

Related pages
 Downtown São Paulo
 Mirante do Vale
 Edifício Itália

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Buildings and structures in São Paulo
Skyscrapers in Brazil
Art Deco buildings
1947 establishments in South America
1940s establishments in Brazil
In 1918–1920, a series of incidents took place at Spalato (now Split) between Dalmatian Italians and local South Slavs fighting -with ethnic disturbances, revolts and bloody clashes- for the control of the city.

Political background

The incidents of Spalato were a group of violent fights -related to antiitalianism- that happened in Spalato between 1918 and 1920 and that resulted in the murder of the Italian military ship "Puglia" captain, Tommaso Gulli (and a sailor named Aldo Rossi). He was hit on July 11, 1920 and was dead the next morning.

These battles belong to a centuries long struggle for the control of the Adriatic eastern coast between Slavs (mainly Croats and Slovenians) and Italians. A struggle that hugely increased during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, when the Italian irredentism and the Yugoslavian nationalism at the end of the XIX century created a bloody confrontation in the Adriatic area.
Indeed, during the second half of the XIX century in Spalato there was the struggle between the "Autonomist Party" pro-Italians and the "National Party" pro-Slavs: the last Italian major was Antonio Bajamonti in 1882 and since then the city had experienced a process of Croatization. Bajamonti, the most prominent Dalmatian Italian in History, once remarked:

World War I and the related Italian victory, not welcomed by the Yugoslavians, were the events preceding the incidents of Spalato.

Italians of Spalato

In the city of Spalato there was an autochthonous Italian community, which was reorganized in November 1918 through the foundation of the "National Fasces" (not to be confused with Fascism) led by Leonardo Pezzoli, Antonio Tacconi, Edoardo Pervan and Stefano Selem from the ashes of the "Autonomist Party", dissolved by the Austrian authorities in 1915.
There were 2,082 Italians in Spalato according to the 1910 Austrian Census and they were only the 9.73% of the total population, but they had the best economic status in the Spalato society.

This census data had understated the number of Italians in the city area and this mistake seems to be confirmed by a series of subsequent events. Indeed, following the Treaty of Rapallo, the Italians of Dalmatia could opt for the acquisition of Italian citizenship instead of the Yugoslavian one, while maintaining residence: despite a violent campaign of intimidation on the part of Yugoslavia, over 900 families of Italian speaking "Spalatini" had exercised the option to be Italians. Furthermore, in 1927 was carried out a Census of Italians living outside Italy: in Spalato and surrounding area were counted 3,337 Italian citizens.
So, given that about 1,000 Italians (with their families) left the city following its incorporation into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and estimating a certain percentage of Italians who accepted the "forced" Yugoslavian citizenship, it is really possible that 7,000 Italians in the Spalato area -as said by Antonio Tacconi- obtained membership in Italian associations of Spalato in 1918/1919: this amount is more than 3 times the data from the 1910 Austrian Census.

History

After the Austrian defeat, in the first half of November 1918 Italian troops occupied the Dalmatian territories assigned to Italy by the 1915 Pact of London. Spalato (the city was officially called "Split" only after the 1919 Paris Peace Conference) was not one of those areas, but the Italians sent some ships and occupied the city as agreed with the Allies.
The Yugoslavian nationalists, who controlled the city with their "National Guard", soon showed huge hostility toward the Italian troops, fearing they could remain forever in the city. Even the arrival of slav refugees from the London Pact Italian-occupied areas increased the tensions: those refugees were responsible for most of the incidents in the next 2 years.

On November 9, 1918 two French destroyer entered the port of Spalato. The Italians - mostly concentrated within the old city - exposed on the windows of their homes the Italian tricolor and went to the harbor to celebrate the Triple Entente.  But the reaction of the Yugoslavian National Guard was immediate: they entered by force in the apartments, tore down the flags, beat some of those present and damaged the furniture. Meanwhile, the Austrian commander of a ship already docked at the port (and now with Yugoslavian flag) ordered with the megaphone to remove the flags, threatening to open fire.
This was the first of a long series of incidents, which also saw the creation of a classic pattern of propaganda that would be found very often in the next months: the Croatian newspapers - and especially the most extreme of them, Novo Doba, denounced the "Italian provocation". The Italians, however, created a complaint report and forwarded it to the Allies. In the following days the municipal Croatian authorities of Spalato were forced to submit a formal apology for the incident.

But other incidents and demonstrations against Italy and the Dalmatian Italians happened in other cities, like Trau and the "Castelli". The worst happened on December 23 when groups of fanatical Slavs destroyed the offices of the main Italian institutions in Spalato (the "Fascio Nazionale", the "Gabinetto di Lettura" and the "Società Operaia") and hit many dozens of Italians on the streets, while destroying a lot of Italian-owned shops. The same happened on January 6, 1919 in Trau.
Italian Admiral Enrico Millo, who was just promoted to Governor of Dalmatia for the area occupied by Italy, quickly sent ships to defend the Italians of Spalato: on January 12 arrived the destroyer "Puglia" in the port of the city, between huge protests from the Slav community.

On February 24, while an "Allies Commission for the Adriatic" (made of US admiral Albert P. Niblack, French admiral Jean-Etienne-Charles-Marcel Ratyè, British admiral Edward Burton Kiddle and Italian admiral Umberto Cagni) was visiting Spalato, a huge group of Slavs -in order to show that they were the majority in Spalato and rejected the Italians- attacked the Italian sailors of the "Puglia": the captain Giulio Menini was hit together with some Italians walking on the nearby streets, and again were damaged some shops owned by the Italian community. The Croatian authorities were forced to do another apology and until summer there were only minor incidents.
But on September 12 Gabriele D'Annunzio occupied Fiume (actual "Rijeka") and later went even to Zara. As a consequence the Italian count Fanfogna organized a similar tentative of occupation in Trau. and the Slavs of Spalato feared something similar was going to happen in their city: tensions arose and other incidents against the Italians happened in Spalato in November (the "Caffe Nani" was destroyed and many Italian owned shop were damaged.)

The murder of Captain Tommaso Gulli

Until the beginning of 1920 the Italians of Spalato never attacked the Slavs (even because of obvious numerical inferiority) and were harassed by Croatian nationalists continuously, as has happened since the end of the XIX century in all Dalmatia.
But after the attack of January 27, 1920 in which were damaged nearly all the Italian-owned shops and the offices of Italian institutions, some Italian sailors of the "Puglia" now under the command of captain Tommaso Gulli, started to defend themselves and the Dalmatian Italians menacing to use their guns.

On July 27 another attack against the Italians of Spalato was done and a group of officials of the "Puglia" found refuge in a place near the docks: captain Gulli ordered a boat to rescue them, but it was blocked by some Slavs and was forced to fire "alarm shots" in the sky to get help.<ref>G.Menini, Passione adriatica. p.207</ref>

Soon Gulli went to the rescue with a MAS, but approaching the docks found a huge crowd of nationalist Slavs. Shots were fired to the Italians and for the first time they returned fire. A hand granade was thrown to the Mas and hit the sailor Aldo Rossi and others.
Another shot hit captain Gulli, while the Italians killed a man on the docks, whose name was Matej Mis. Anyway, many versions about what happened were done in the next days, by the Yugoslavians and by the Italians.

Captain Gulli was helped in a Hospital but died the next day, while sailor Rossi survived only a few hours.

In the Kingdom of Italy the reaction to what happened in Spalato was of rage and indignation: in Trieste fascists and nationalists attacked the Hotel Balkan (called in Slovenian "Narodni dom" and center of the Slav activities in Trieste) the next day.

In the following years the Italians of Spalato - under the Yugoslavian rule renamed "Split", as was officially called the city since 1919- were continuously harassed in their institutions, schools and shops & business: they declined in a slow but steady way.

Actually they are only one hundred in Croatian Split, with their association called Comunitá italiana di Spalato.

References
References

Bibliography
 Dalbello M.C.; Razza antonello. Per una storia delle comunità italiane della Dalmazia. Fondazione Culturale Maria ed Eugenio Dario Rustia Traine. Trieste, 2004.
 Lederer, Ivo. La Jugoslavia dalla conferenza di pace al trattato di Rapallo 1919-1920. Il Saggiatore. Milano, 1964.
 Menini, Giulio. Passione adriatica. Ricordi di Dalmazia 1918-1920. Zanichelli. Bologna, 1925.
 Monzali, Luciano. Antonio Tacconi e la comunità italiana di Spalato. Editore Scuola Dalmata dei SS. Giorgio e Trifone. Venezia, 2007.
 Monzali, Luciano. Italiani di Dalmazia. 1914-1924 Le Lettere Firenze, 2007.
 Salza, Silvio. La marina italiana nella grande guerra (Vol. VIII). Vallecchi. Firenze, 1942.
 Tacconi, Ildebrando. La grande esclusa: Spalato cinquanta anni fa'' (in "Per la Dalmazia con amore e con angoscia"). Editore Del Bianco, Udine, 1994