Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Then the scientists pour the mixture, or mobile phase over the stationary phase.  Sometimes, the scientists add a binding buffer to help the target molecule stick to its ligand.  Then the scientists rinse away the rest of the mixture.  The target molecule is stuck to its ligand, which is stuck to the stationary phase, so it is not rinsed away.  Then the scientists add an elution buffer to make the ligand let go of the target molecule so they can collect it.  Scientists sometimes use machines or special tools to hold the stationary phase in exactly the right position and to pour the mixture, rinse, and other treatments in exactly the right way.
In some affinity chromatography, the binding buffer and elution buffer work by changing the pH of the solution.  That means they make it more acidic or less acidic.  Because most molecules from living things change shape depending on how much acid is nearby, the binding buffer and elution buffer can make the ligand and target molecule change shape to hold on tighter or let go of each other.

Affinity chromatography does not always work perfectly.  Sometimes the scientists must purify the target molecule to make sure they did not accidentally collect other molecules too.

Because scientists need to prepare a stationary phase with exactly the right ligand, they can only use affinity chromatography to collect molecules that they already understand well.  Usually, they cannot use affinity chromatography to collect new or strange molecules.

References

Biochemistry
Laboratory techniques
Impulse is a 1984 American science fiction thriller movie directed by Graham Baker and starring Tim Matheson, Meg Tilly, Hume Cronyn, Bill Paxton. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 

1984 science fiction movies
1984 thriller movies
American science fiction movies
American thriller movies
20th Century Fox movies
Hard Asphalt () is a 1986 Norwegian drama movie directed by Sølve Skagen and starring Frank Kong, Kristin Kajander, Marianne Nielsen, Morten Faldaas, Liv Heløe, Tone Schwarzott, Tom Tellefsen.

Other websites
 

1986 drama movies
Norwegian drama movies
Cloudstone is a role-playing video game that was released by Playsaurus in 2011. It was the first game to be released by Playsaurus, with Clicker Heroes being the next game. In fact, many of the monsters in Cloudstone were later used in Clicker Heroes. 

Cloudstone was taken off Kongregate on November 20, 2017.

Gameplay 
In Cloudstone, the player plays the game as an unnamed character. Cloudstone is played by clicking on a spot in the level to move there. There are many levels in Cloudstone. Some levels contain chests full of potions and weapons, while some contain monsters to fight. Monsters can be attacked by clicking on them when the player is close to them. Monsters give a currency called gold, which can be used to buy weapons and armor. Unlike in Clicker Heroes, monsters can fight back and damage the player. The game is lost if the player dies.

Reception 
Cloudstone did  not receive much attention from critics. However, on Kongregate, users commented on Cloudstone and gave it mixed reviews.
Related pages 
Clicker Heroes

References 

Role-playing video games
Lays Fernanda Oliveira de Freitas (born 13 October 1995) is a Brazilian volleyball player. She played at the 2016 Women's U22 South American Volleyball Championship, 2016 Montreux Volley Masters, and 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's U23 World Championship.

References 

1995 births
Living people
Brazilian volleyball players
Ksenia Kravchenko (born 5 February 1991) is a Russian volleyball player. She played at the 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix and 2015 Montreux Volley Masters.

She played for VC Voronezh and Severyanka Cherepovets.

References 

1991 births
Russian volleyball players
Living people
The Elephant Keeper (; ) is a 1987 Thai drama movie directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol and starring Sorapong Chatree, Ad Carabao.

Other websites
 

1987 drama movies
Thai movies
Movies about elephants
Movies directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol
Olesya Nikolaeva is a Russian volleyball player. She played at the 2015 European Games, 2015 Montreux Volley Masters, 2015 Summer Universiade, and 2015–16 CEV Women's Champions League.

She played for Dinamo Kazan.

References 

Living people
Russian volleyball players
1994 births
Lewis John Carlino (January 1, 1932 – June 17, 2020) was an American screenwriter and director. He was born in New York City.

His best known works were The Fox, The Brotherhood, The Mechanic, The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, I Never Promised You a Rose Garden, Resurrection, and The Great Santini. 

Carlino died on June 17, 2020 in Whidbey Island, Washington from blood cancer, aged 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from blood cancer
Screenwriters from New York City
Movie directors from New York City
Kamal Lohani (26 June 1934 – 20 June 2020) was a Bangladeshi journalist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2015 by the Government of Bangladesh. He was the director general of Shilpakala Academy from April 2009 until April 2011.

Lohani got his first job as a journalist in the Daily Millat in 1955. He joined as a secretary at Chhayanaut in 1962. He formed a left cultural organization – Kranti in 1967.

Lohani died on 20 June 2020 from COVID-19 in Dhaka, aged 85.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi journalists
Nouri Dhiab (1 July 1943 – 22 June 2020) was an Iraqi football forward. He played for the national team between 1965 and 1971. He played fifteen matches and scored six goals.

Dhiab died on 22 June 2020 at the age of 76.

References

Iraqi footballers
1943 births
2020 deaths
Angela Madsen (May 10, 1960 – June 22, 2020) was an American Paralympian sportswoman. She participated in both rowing and track and field. She won a bronze medal in the shot put at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London. Madsen, along with team-mate Helen Taylor, is the first woman to have rowed across the Indian Ocean. Madsen was born in Long Beach, California.

Madsen drowned while rowing near Honolulu, Hawaii on June 22, 2020 at the age of 60.

References

1960 births
2020 deaths
American track and field athletes
American rowers
American shot putters
Javelin throwers
Accidental deaths by drowning
Paralympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Long Beach, California
American sportspeople with disabilities‎
Nikos Alefantos (, 3 January 1939 – 23 June 2020) was a Greek professional footballer and football coach. He was born in Athens. Alefantos managed several clubs in the Greek Super League, including Olympiacos F.C. during 2004. He also had played for Larissa F.C. in 1975 and 1990. From 1952 to 1969, he played as a footballer. From 1969 to 2004, he had a career as a football manager.

Alefantos died on 23 June 2020 in Athens from a heart attack, aged 81.

References

Other websites
Alefantos Biography 

1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Greek football managers
Footballers from Athens
Nikolai Borisovich Fadeyechev (, 27 January 1933 – 23 June 2020) was a Soviet and Russian ballet dancer and educator. He was honored with the People's Artist of the USSR in 1976. Fadeyechev was born in Moscow. He retired from ballet dancing in 1977 and later became a ballet educator.

He was known for his works with the Bolshoi Theatre. He danced alongside some of the company's great ballerinas, including Galina Ulanova in Giselle and Les Sylphides, and was a regular partner with Maya Plisetskaya, Raisa Struchkova, Nina Timofeeva, Marina Kondratyeva, Natalia Bessmertnova, Ekaterina Maximova and Ludmila Semenyaka.

Fadeyechev died of heart failure on 23 June 2020 in Moscow, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Fadeyechev's page on the Bolshoi Theatre web site 

1933 births
2020 deaths
Ballet dancers
Russian educators
Entertainers from Moscow
Li Zhensheng (; 22 September 1940 – 23 June 2020) was a Chinese photojournalist. He captured some of the most telling images from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, better known as the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Li was born in Dalian. He was known for working with Heilongjiang Daily.

A private museum, dedicated to Li's life and work, was opened in 2017 in Sichuan Province as a part of the Jianchuan Museum Cluster.

Li died on 23 June 2020 from a cerebral hemorrhage in Long Island, New York, aged 79.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Chinese journalists
Photojournalists
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Li Zhensheng (; born February 25, 1931) is a Chinese geneticist. His works focused on the genetics of wheat. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Highest Science and Technology Award in 2006. Li was born in Zibo, Shandong.

References

1931 births
Living people
Geneticists
Chinese biologists
Li Zhensheng may refer to:

Li Zhensheng (geneticist) (born 1931), Chinese geneticist
Li Zhensheng (photojournalist) (1940–2020), Chinese photojournalist
Towns County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,493. Its county seat is Hiawassee. The county was created on March 6, 1856.

References

1856 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Hiawassee is the county seat of Towns County, Georgia, United States. The community's population was 981 at the 2020 census.

References

Towns in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
César Bosco Vivas Robelo (14 November 1941 – 23 June 2020) was a Nicaraguan Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Masaya, Nicaragua. He was ordained a priest in 1970 by Pope Paul VI. In 1991, he became Bishop of the Diocese of León. He retired in 2019. 

Vivas Robelo died on 23 June 2020 at a hospital in Managua, Nicaragua from respiratory failure, aged 78.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
Deaths from respiratory failure
Nicaraguan people
Jamaal Bowman (born April 1, 1976) is an American educator and political activist. He is the Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 16th congressional district since 2021.

He was the Democratic nominee in the 2020 elections for the U.S. House, defeating  incumbent Eliot Engel.

He is a former principal and founder of the Cornerstone Academy for Social Action, a public middle school in The Bronx.

His congressional campaign against Engel was compared to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's primary challenge against Joe Crowley. Bowman's campaign was supported by Ocasio-Cortez, Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, and the editorial board of The New York Times. He defeated Engel in the primary.

References

Other websites
 Campaign website
1976 births
Living people
Educators from New York City
American political activists
American progressives
United States representatives from New York (state)
Politicians from New York City
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
The Carter Center is a nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization founded in 1982 by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. 

Carter and his wife Rosalynn Carter partnered with Emory University just after he lost in the 1980 U.S. Presidential elections to Ronald Reagan. 

The center is located in a shared building next to the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum on  of parkland, just two miles (3 km) from downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The library and museum are owned and operated by the United States National Archives and Records Administration, while the Center is governed by a Board of Trustees.

The Carter Center's goal is to advance human rights and to stop human suffering, including helping improve the quality of life for people in more than 80 countries. T

he center has many projects including election monitoring, supporting locally led state-building and democratic institution-building in many  countries and talking with heads of states on behalf of victims of human rights abuses.
It also leads disease eradication efforts, spearheading the campaign to eradicate Guinea worm disease, as well as controlling and treating onchocerciasis, trachoma, lymphatic filariasis, and malaria through awareness campaigns.

References

Jimmy Carter

Political organizations based in the United States
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature of Georgia, USA).

According to the state constitution of 1983, this body is to be made of no more than 56 members elected for two-year terms. Current state law provides for 56 members. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years.

Senators must be at least 25 years old, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Georgia for two years and their senatorial district for one year (preceding the election). The highest position in the Senate is the President of the Senate.

Current makeup

Other websites
 

Organizations based in Georgia (U.S. state)
State upper houses in the United States
The 1970 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970. It was known for electing little-known former state Senator Jimmy Carter Governor of Georgia after a hard battle in the Democratic primary.

This election is famous because Carter, who was often seen as one of the New South Governors, later ran for president in 1976 on his gubernatorial record and won.

As of , this is the last time Fulton County voted for the Republican candidate.

Democratic Primary results

First round
 Jimmy Carter – 388,280 (48.62%) 	
 Carl Sanders – 301,659 (37.77%)
 Chevene B. "C. B." King – 70,424 (8.82%)
 Ku Klux Klan leader Jesse Stoner – 17,663 (2.21%)
 McKee Hargett – 9,440 (1.18%)
 Thomas J. Irwin – 4,184 (0.52%)
 Adam B. Matthews – 3,332 (0.42%)

Runoff
A runoff was held on September 23:
 Carter – 506,462 (59.42%)
 Sanders – 345,906 (40.58%)

Republican Primary results
 Harold Columbus "Hal" Suit (1922–1994) – 62,868 (60.97%)
 James L. Bentley – 40,251 (39.03%)

General election

References
References

1970 in the United States
Jimmy Carter
Harold Columbus "Hal" Suit (April 1, 1922—November 20, 1994) was an American local television news personality and politician. He won the 1970 Republican nomination for Governor of Georgia but lost the November general election to future U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

References

1922 births
1994 deaths
American television news anchors
American radio personalities
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Youngstown, Ohio
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lester Garfield Maddox Sr. (September 30, 1915 – June 25, 2003) was an American politician and white supremacist who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. He was a Democrat and supporter for racial segregation. He was Lieutenant Governor during the period when Jimmy Carter was Governor.

References

1915 births
2003 deaths
Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
Lieutenant Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Politicians from Atlanta
Businesspeople from Atlanta
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
White supremacists
George Dekle Busbee Sr. (August 7, 1927 – July 16, 2004), was an American politician. He was the 77th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1975 to 1983. He was a senior partner at King & Spalding thereafter.

Other websites
 New Georgia Encyclopedia profile of George Busbee 
 

1927 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Hugh Alton Carter Sr. (August 13, 1920 – June 24, 1999) was an American Democratic politician and businessman from Georgia. He was born in Plains, Georgia. Carter was a member of the Georgia State Senate from 1967 to 1981.

His cousin is former President Jimmy Carter.

References

Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Plains, Georgia
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
State legislators of the United States
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Jimmy Carter
1920 births
1999 deaths
John William Carter (born July 3, 1947) is an American businessman and politician. He unsuccessfully ran for the United States Senate in Nevada in 2006. 

Carter was born at Naval Hospital Portsmouth in Portsmouth, Virginia, He is eldest child of former President Jimmy Carter and First Lady Rosalynn Carter.

References

1947 births
Living people
Jimmy Carter
Businesspeople from Virginia
Politicians from Virginia
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Plains, Georgia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Emory University alumni
Amy Lynn Carter (born October 19, 1967) is the daughter of former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter. 

Carter later became known for her political activism. She participated in a number of sit-ins and protests during the 1980s and early 1990s that were aimed at changing U.S. foreign policy towards South African apartheid and Central America.

Carter illustrated The Little Baby Snoogle-Fleejer, her father's book for children, published in 1995.

References

1967 births
Living people
American political activists
Jimmy Carter
People from Plains, Georgia
James Earl Carter (September 12, 1894 – July 22, 1953) was an American politician, businessman, and farmer. He was from Plains, Georgia. He was the father of Jimmy Carter.

Carter was a conservative in his political views.

Carter, Sr. was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1953, as a Democrat, and served briefly representing Sumter County until his death later that year. Carter had previously served on the Sumter County Board of Education.

References

1894 births
1953 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
State legislators of the United States
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Plains, Georgia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Jimmy Carter
Arlington is a city in Calhoun and Early counties, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 1,209.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
The city of Blakely is the county seat of Early County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,371.

References

County seats in Georgia
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt, LT, LT(N), Lt(N), Lieut and LEUT, depending on nation) is a commissioned officer rank in many nations' navies. It is the most senior of junior officer ranks. 

The now immediately senior rank of lieutenant commander was formerly a senior naval lieutenant rank.

References

Military ranks
The American Campaign Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. 

The medal was seen to recognize those military members who had performed military service in the American Theater of Operations during World War II.

References

Military of the United States
American awards
The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was created by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress).

References

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United States
The China Service Medal was a service medal awarded to U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard personnel. The medal was created by Navy Department General Order No. 176 on 1 July 1942.  The medal recognized service in and around China before and after World War II.

References

American awards
The National Defense Service Medal (NDSM) is a service award of the United States Armed Forces created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953.  It is awarded to every member of the US Armed Forces.

References

American awards
Military honors
A dark horse is a political term used to describe a little known political figure or thing that later becomes well known in a situation, especially in a competition involving multiple rivals. It also describes a contestant that ideally should be unlikely to win but yet still might.

Examples include Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential election, U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic primaries, businessman Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election.

References

Metaphors
The 1976 Democratic presidential primaries were how voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1976 U.S. presidential election. 

Former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1976 Democratic National Convention held from July 12 to July 15, 1976, in New York City.

Candidates

Nominee

Eliminated at convention

Withdrew before convention

References

Democratic Party (United States)
United States presidential primary elections
1976 in the United States
The 1976 Democratic National Convention met at Madison Square Garden in New York City, from July 12 to July 15, 1976.  The convention nominated former Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia for president and Senator Walter Mondale of Minnesota for vice president. 

John Glenn and Barbara Jordan gave the keynote addresses. Jordan's keynote address made her the first African-American woman to deliver the keynote address at a Democratic National Convention.

The convention was the first in New York City since the 103-ballot 1924 convention.

References

20th century in New York City
1976 in the United States
United States presidential nominating conventions
Democratic Party (United States)
July 1976 events
Draft evasion is any attempt to escape a government-forced legal requirement to serve in the military forces of one's nation. Sometimes draft evasion involves refusing to work with the military draft laws (formally known as conscription laws) of one's nation.

Illegal draft evasion is said to have characterized every military conflict of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such evasion is generally considered to be a criminal offense. On the other hand, there is evasion out of religious or ethical beleif called conscientious objector.

Notes

Activism
The Camp David Accords were a pair of political agreements signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the country retreat of the President of the United States in Maryland. 

The two framework agreements were signed at the White House and were witnessed by President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks (A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel) led directly to the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty. 

Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. The first framework (A Framework for Peace in the Middle East), which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without participation of the Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations.

References

1978 in the United States
Jimmy Carter
The Torrijos–Carter Treaties () are two treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D.C., on September 7, 1977. The treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had since 1903. 

The treaties are named after the two signatories, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Commander of Panama's National Guard, General Omar Torrijos.

References

1977 in the United States
Jimmy Carter
20th century in Panama
1970s treaties
Treaties of the United States
The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of arms control. 

The two rounds of talks and agreements were SALT I and SALT II.

Negotiations commenced in Helsinki, Finland, in November 1969. 

SALT I led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and an interim agreement between the two countries. Although SALT II resulted in an agreement in 1979, the United States Senate chose not to ratify the treaty in response to the Soviet war in Afghanistan.

The agreement expired on December 31, 1985 and was not renewed.

References

1969 in the United States
1979 in the United States
Cold War
Nuclear weapons
Treaties of the United States
Treaties of Russia
1960s treaties
1970s treaties
The 1979 (or second) oil crisis or oil shock occurred in the world due to decreased oil output in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. 

Despite the fact that global oil supply decreased by only ~4%, widespread panic resulted, driving the price far higher. 

The price of crude oil more than doubled to $39.50 per barrel over the next 12 months, and long lines once again appeared at gas stations, as they had in the 1973 oil crisis.

References

1979
Economic history
The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were how voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election.

During the primary race, the country of Iran was going through trouble and unrest. This unrest caused it to make and sell less oil. In January 1979, the leader (or Shah) of Iran left the country. After that  Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , who was against the Shah’s leadership, took over and made the country follow an extreme version of Islam.

Another problem during the time of this election was increased prices, especially for oil and gas.  Many people blamed President Carter. Only 28% of people who were polled said they approved of Carter.

Background
Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14, 1980, in New York City.
Carter faced a major primary challenger in Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts, who won 12 contests and received more than seven million votes nationwide. Therefore, Kennedy didn't withdraw from the primary until the second day of the convention. This is the most recent primary where the sitting president still had an opponent at the convention.

Candidates

Nominee

Withdrew during primaries or convention

Also withdrew during primaries
 Jerry Brown, Governor of California
 Cliff Flinch, Governor of Mississippi

1980 in the United States
The 1980 National Convention of the U.S. Democratic Party  nominated President Jimmy Carter and Vice President Walter Mondale for reelection. The convention was held in Madison Square Garden in New York City from August 11 to August 14, 1980.

The 1980 convention was known as it was the last time in the 20th century, for either major party, that a candidate tried to get delegates released from their voting commitments. This was done by Senator Ted Kennedy, Carter's primary challenger for the nomination in the Democratic primaries.

President Carter gave his speech accepting the party's nomination on August 14.

References

1980 in New York (state)
20th century in New York City
United States presidential nominating conventions
Democratic Party (United States)
August 1980 events
Eradication is the lowering of an infectious disease's existence in the global host population to zero. It is sometimes confused with elimination, which describes either the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in a regional population to zero. One of the best example that was eradicated disease to be gone was smallpox.

References

Medicine
Epidemiology
Anti-German sentiment (Germanophobia or Teutophobia) is an opposition to, or fear of, Germany,  Germans, its culture and the German language. The opposite is called Germanophilia.  

The sentiment began with the mid-19th century unification of Germany, which made the new nation a rival to the Great powers of Europe in economics, military, cultural, and geopolitical  grounds. It was believed correctly in other countries that Otto von Bismarck and Helmuth von Moltke were driving Germany towards domination of the European landmass. Bismark unified Germany in 1871 and was their first Chancellor, serving until 1890.
Von Moltke the elder was chief of staff of the Prussian Army for 30 years. He commanded in the  Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War. He is described as a "Prussian military organization and tactical genius". He was fascinated with railways and pioneered their military usage. He is often referred to as Moltke the Elder to distinguish him from his nephew Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke, who commanded the German Army (Deutsches Heer) at the outbreak of World War I.

References 

History of Germany
Military of Germany
Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), generally known as Habitat for Humanity or Habitat, is an international, non-governmental, and nonprofit organization, which was founded in 1976 by Linda and Millard Fuller. The organization focuses on building homes for refugees, natural disaster locations, and the homeless. 

Habitat for Humanity is a Christian organization. The international operational headquarters are located in Americus, Georgia, United States, with the administrative headquarters located in Atlanta. 

As of 2020, Habitat for Humanity operates in all 50 U.S. states and more than 70 countries.

References

Non-profit organizations of the United States
Archery is an unincorporated community in Webster County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The community lies about  from Plains.

Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, grew up in Archery on a farm which is now known as the "Jimmy Carter Boyhood Farm" and is part of the Jimmy Carter National Historic Site.

References

Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Webster County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 Census reflected a population of 2,348, making it the third-least populous county in Georgia. The county seat is Preston.

References

1853 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Preston is an unincorporated community in Webster County, Georgia, United States, located seventeen miles west of Americus. The population was 453 at the 2000 census. The community is the county seat of Webster County.

References

Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Georgia Southwestern State University (GSW) is a public university in Americus, Georgia.  It is part of the University System of Georgia and offers bachelor's degree programs along with selected master's and specialist degree programs.

References

1900s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1906 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Georgia (U.S. state)
National FFA Organization is an American 501(c)(3) youth organization, specifically a career and technical student organization, based on middle and high school classes that promote and support agricultural education. It was founded in 1925. 

In 1988 the name was changed to the National FFA Organization, now commonly referred to as FFA. Today FFA is among the largest youth organizations in the United States, with 669,989 members in 8,630 chapters throughout all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

References

Youth organizations
The 1966 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1966. 

After an election that exposed divisions within the Georgia Democratic Party (giving the Georgia Republican Party a shot at the Governor's Mansion for the first time in the twentieth century), segregationist Democrat Lester Maddox was elected Governor of Georgia.

The voting also made future President Jimmy Carter well known.

Democratic primary election results

The primary was held on September 13, 1966. 

Pursuant to Georgia law, as no candidate received a majority of votes in the primary, a runoff was held on September 27.

References

1966 in the United States
20th century in Georgia (U.S. state)
Ellis Gibbs Arnall (March 20, 1907December 13, 1992) was an American politician. He was the 69th Governor of Georgia from 1943 to 1947.

References

Arnall, Ellis
1992 deaths
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Atlanta
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Newnan is a city in Metro Atlanta and the county seat of Coweta County, Georgia. The population was 42,549 at the 2020 census.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Georgia's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is currently represented by Republican Drew Ferguson.  

The district's boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia.

References

Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)
The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members.

The Georgia House of Representatives was created in 1777 during the American Revolution.

Current makeup

References

Organizations based in Georgia (U.S. state)
State lower houses in the United States
A sunk cost fallacy is a fallacy where someone convinces themselves that they should continue doing something because they put in a lot of time and/or effort into it, even if they actually get very little reward out of it. For example, a person might watch the first six episodes of Battlestar Galactica, but decides they do not like the show. However, because there was a sunk cost, six hours of time, that person tells themselves that because they already spent so much time on it, they might as well finish the show.

An example in the real-world would be pro-war Americans during the Vietnam War. Americans who supported United States' part in the Vietnam War believed that the US already spent so much money, so much time, and so many lives of veterans and civilians that if the United States were to let the communists win the war, then all the loss would have been for nothing.

References 

Logical fallacies
The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming is a 1966 American comedy movie directed by Norman Jewison and based on the 1961 novel The Off-Islanders by Nathaniel Benchley. It stars Alan Arkin, Carl Reiner, Eva Marie Saint, Brian Keith, Jonathan Winters, Paul Ford, Theodore Bikel, Michael J. Pollard and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1967.

Other websites
 
 
 

1966 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Norman Jewison
Oasis is a 1955 French German adventure movie directed by Yves Allégret and based on the novel The Commander by John Knittel. It stars Michèle Morgan, Cornell Brothers, Pierre Brasseur and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

1955 adventure movies
French adventure movies
German adventure movies
Movies set in deserts
Movies set in Morocco
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Yves Allégret
20th Century Fox movies
A revision control software is a tool programmers use to keep track of who wrote what and when it was written in a programs source code. It can also be used to restore old versions if someone makes a mistake.

Software
How to Marry a Millionaire is a 1953 American romantic comedy movie directed by Jean Negulesco and based on the plays by Zoë Akins and Katherine Albert. It stars Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable, Lauren Bacall, David Wayne, Rory Calhoun and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1954 and was later adopted into a television series in 1957.

References

Other websites
 
 

1950s romantic comedy movies
1953 romance movies
1953 comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Jean Negulesco
Movies adapted into television series
Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni (born 23 April 1972) is a Burundi politician. He became the Prime Minister of Burundi on 23 June 2020.

References

1972 births
Prime Ministers of Burundi
Current national leaders
Living people
Burundian politicians
The borlotti bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), also known as the cranberry bean, Roman bean, romano bean, saluggia bean, gadhra bean or rosecoco bean, is a variety of common bean first bred in Colombia. The Colombians call it the cargamanto.

The borlotti bean looks like the pinto bean, but is bigger, and white with dark red specks.

Beans
Huang Liuyan (born 13 June 1994) is a Chinese female volleyball player. She was part of the China women's national volleyball team. She played at the 2012 Asian Jr.Women's Volleyball Championship, 2014 Asian Games, 2015 Asian Women's U23 Volleyball Championship, and 2019 CISM Military World Games.

On a club level, she played for Army and Bayi Shenzhen.

References 

1994 births
Living people
Chinese volleyball players
Maxette Grisoni-Pirbakas (born 14 April 1973) is a French politician and syndicalist. She is on the list in the 2019 European Parliament election in France of the National Rally (RN).

Biography 
Trade union leader of the Fédération nationale des syndicats d'exploitants agricoles in Guadeloupe, she is known for her fights on the ground at the head of the farmers of Guadeloupe.

She is in 12th position on the list of the National Rally for the 2019 European elections. She was elected.

References 

Living people
MEPs for France
People from Guadeloupe
1973 births
This is a list of the men's national association football teams in the world. There are more nations with football teams than for any other sport. Teams represent 191 of the 193 UN member states, as well as several dependent territories, sub-national entities, and states who are not members of the United Nations. This list divides teams into two main groups:
 Teams which are either members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the world's football governing body (211 teams), or have membership in a FIFA-affiliated continental confederation without being members of FIFA (12 teams).
 Teams who are not members of FIFA or any continental federation, but which represent sovereign states. This group includes United Nations members and observer states, as well as states who are not members of the UN (11 teams).
This list excludes other teams that generally play Non-FIFA football. Excluded teams include those who represent ethnic groups, sub-national entities, separatist movements, and micro-nations.

Members of FIFA affiliated confederations 

This section lists the current 211 men's national football teams affiliated to FIFA, through their national football associations, and the 12 men's national football teams who have membership in one of FIFA's affiliated continental confederations, but are not members of FIFA. These are displayed in the main list in italics.

FIFA members are eligible to enter the FIFA World Cup and matches between them are recognized as official international matches. Based on their match results over the previous four-year period, the FIFA World Rankings, published monthly by FIFA, compare how good the national teams are on a point-based system.
Some national teams who are members of a confederation but not FIFA members compete in confederation-level and subregional tournaments. However, These teams are not allowed to participate in the World Cup.

The six confederations are:
 Asia – Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
 Africa – Confederation of African Football (CAF)
 North, Central America and the Caribbean – Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)
 South America – Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL)
 Oceania – Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)
 Europe – Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)

FIFA runs the World Cup as a tournament for national teams to find the world champion. Each confederation also runs its own championship to find the best team from among its members:
 AFC – AFC Asian Cup
 CAF – Africa Cup of Nations
 CONCACAF – CONCACAF Gold Cup
 CONMEBOL – Copa América
 OFC – OFC Nations Cup
 UEFA – UEFA European Championship
Although it is not a confederation, the Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA) coordinates football activities between Arabic-speaking countries. All 22 national governing bodies that form UAFA are also members of both FIFA and either the AFC or CAF. National teams from UAFA member countries are noted in the list below.

The Confederation of Independent Football Associations (ConIFA) is an organization for teams representing unrecognised states, subnational regions, and stateless minorities, as well as teams from recognised states that have not managed to gain entry into FIFA. While none of its current members are also members of FIFA, a few hold associate membership in one of the confederations affiliated with it. These teams are also noted in the list below.
AFC (Asia) 
The AFC is subdivided into five sub-federations:
 West Asian Football Federation (WAFF) – represents nations at the western extremity of the continent, except Iran and Israel.
 East Asian Football Federation (EAFF) – represents nations in East Asia, plus Guam and Northern Mariana Islands.
 Central Asian Football Association (CAFA) – represents nations in Central Asia, except Kazakhstan, plus Iran and Afghanistan.
 South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) – represents nations in South Asia, except Afghanistan.
 ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) – represents nations in Southeast Asia, plus Australia.
CAF (Africa) 
CAF is divided into five regional federations:
 Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA) – represents nations generally regarded as forming the regions of East Africa and some nations of Central Africa.
 Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA) – represents nations generally regarded as forming Southern Africa, as well as island states off the coast of Southern Africa.
 West African Football Union/Union du Football de l'Ouest Afrique (WAFU/UFOA) – represents nations in West Africa.
 Union of North African Federations (UNAF) – represents nations regarded as forming North Africa.
 Union des Fédérations du Football de l'Afrique Centrale (UNIFFAC) – represents some of the nations that form Central Africa.
CONCACAF (North America, Central America, and the Caribbean) 
The CONCACAF federation is divided into three regional federations that have responsibility for part of the region's geographical area:
 Caribbean Football Union (CFU) – represents all nations in the Caribbean, plus Bermuda and three nations in South America.
 North American Football Union (NAFU) – represents the teams of Canada, Mexico and the USA.
 Union Centroamericana de Fútbol (UNCAF) – represents the seven nations of Central America.

CONMEBOL (South America)

OFC (Oceania)

UEFA (Europe)
UEFA (Europe)

National teams not affiliated to FIFA confederations 
The national football teams included in this section are not members of FIFA, or of any of its affiliated continental confederations. These teams are not eligible to enter the FIFA World Cup or any continental confederation championships. FIFA's statutes do not allow member teams to compete against these sides without FIFA's prior permission. Several national associations for teams included in this section are members of ConIFA; these are indicated in the lists below.

This section lists:
 5 teams representing sovereign states who are members or observers of the United Nations.
 7 teams representing states which are not members of the United Nations.
Unaffiliated United Nations states 
There are seven United Nations member and observer states which are not members of FIFA or any of its affiliated continental confederations. Five of them, however, have fielded national association-organised teams in unofficial friendly matches, regional tournaments (such as the Pacific Games or Micronesian Games), or in global tournaments that are not regulated by FIFA. These teams are listed below.
 1
 2
 3
 4
1: Senior national football teams representing the United Kingdom have only played unofficial friendly matches (usually under the name "Great Britain", though there have also been "Rest of the United Kingdom" representative teams). Otherwise, the UK is represented in FIFA and UEFA organized football by the teams of its constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales (these teams are listed in the UEFA subsection above).  Teams representing the entire kingdom have also competed in the Summer Olympics, such as the Great Britain Olympic football team. 
2: Official name used by the Pacific Games Council for Micronesia.
3: National governing body is a member of ConIFA.
4: Listed as associate member of the OFC in 2002 and again in 2006. It is unclear whether Palau is still associated with the confederation.
Two other UN member states (the Marshall Islands and Nauru) have never fielded a national association-organised football team, though there are reports that amateur football teams claiming to represent the Nauru national soccer team have participated in local friendly matches on at least two occasions.

Others
Others

Membership criteria of FIFA and affiliated confederations
Historically, the majority of FIFA and confederation members have been sovereign states with wide diplomatic recognition. Exceptions to this rule include the British Home Nations (due to their small role in the development of football), the Republic of China (which does not enjoy wide recognition but is still accepted as a representative of the Taiwan area), and certain dependent territories, autonomous areas, and protectorates, which have been allowed to hold membership in FIFA and/or one of its affiliated confederations based on their political autonomy, separate status, and/or distance from their parent state. At present, FIFA members include 23 subnational and dependent territories, as well as two states with limited international recognition.

The FIFA-affiliated football teams that belong to non-UN members are:
3 sovereign states with limited international recognition
 
 
 
 1 associated state of New Zealand
 
 4 constituent countries of the United Kingdom
 
 
 
 

 7 British Overseas Territories
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
 
 
 1 constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark
 

 4 unincorporated territories of the United States
 
 
 
 
 2 overseas territories of France
 
 
 2 special administrative regions of China
 
 

Ten other overseas, dependent, and autonomous territories with close ties to a sovereign state do not have membership in FIFA, but are members of one of its affiliated confederations.

Former national football teams 

These national teams no longer exist due to the dissolution of the nation or territory that they represented. Only national teams that were once members of FIFA are listed below.

New names
New names

In addition to the above, other nations have been renamed:
  →  in 1960 →  in 1963 →  in 1971 →  in 1997
  British Gambia →  in 1965
  →  in 1966
  →  in 1989
  →  in 1970 →  in 1975 →  in 1979
  →  in 1972
  →  in 1958 until 2010
  →  in 1993
  →  in 1975
  →  in 1945
  →  in 2003
  →  in 2019
  French Somaliland →  in 1977
  →  in 1960
  →  in 1957
  →  in 1936 →  in 1954
  →  in 1983
  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes →  Yugoslavia in 1929
  Madagascar →  in 1958 →  in 1975
  Middle Congo →  in 1960 →  in 1992
  →  in 1980
  →  in 1964
  →  in 1966
  Portuguese Guinea →  in 1975
  →  in 1923
  →  in 1964 →  in 1980
  Surinam →  in 1954
  →  in 2018
  →  in 1971
  →  in 1984
  →  in 1996

Notes

Related pages
 List of FIFA country codes
 List of women's national association football teams

Notes

References

Sources 
 

FIFA
Football-related lists
Cheng Long (born 10 January 1995) is a Chinese female volleyball player. She was part of the China women's national volleyball team. She participated in the 2015 FIVB U23 Asian women's volleyball championship, 2017 U23 FIVB women's volleyball, and 2015 Montreux Volley Masters.

On a club level, she played for Shandong Sports Lottery.

References 

1995 births
Living people
Chinese volleyball players
Wang Weiyi (born 20 June 1995) is a Chinese female volleyball player. She was part of the China women's national volleyball team. She participated in the 2015 Montreux Volley Masters, and 2019 Asian Volleyball Championship.

On a club level, she played for Shanghai women's volleyball team.

References 

1996 births
Living people
Chinese volleyball players