Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care (1946) is one of the best-sellers of all time. The book said to mothers "you know more than you think you do".

Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs. His ideas influenced parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children, and to treat them as individuals. However, his theories were also widely criticized by colleagues. According to the critics, he relied too heavily on anecdotal evidence rather than serious academic research.

Spock was regarded as a radical during the troubled times of the Vietnam War.

Spock won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University.

References
References 

1903 births
1998 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
American military personnel of World War II
American physicians
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
Sportspeople from New Haven, Connecticut
East Midlands Airport  is an international airport in the East Midlands of England.

It is close to Castle Donington, Leicestershire, between Loughborough (), Derby () and Nottingham (); Leicester is () to the south.

East Midlands Airport is a hub for low-fare airlines such as Jet2.com and Ryanair. It is also used by tour operators like TUI Airways which serve a range of domestic and European short-haul destinations. It is a base for BMI Regional, Flybe, and Thomas Cook Airlines.

Airports in England
Grasslands National Park () is a national park in Canada. It is near the village of Val Marie, Saskatchewan. It is the second national park of Canada that was created in Saskatchewan. The park is next to the border between Canada and the United States. It is next to the state of Montana. More than 18 000 people visit the park every year.

The park was created in 1981. Before this, the only national park in Saskatchewan was Prince Albert National Park. The park has some of Canada's last prairie grasslands that humans have not affected. The park's climate also lets some rare and endangered plants and animals live there. Grasslands National Park also have Canada's last black-tailed prairie dog groups. The park is also a dark-sky preserve. Grasslands National Park is the darkest dark-sky preserve in Canada. It is also one of the darkest in the world.

Grasslands National Park also has a lot of fossils. It has many fossils that can't be found in other parts of Canada. Some of the fossils come from the Miocene Era.
History
Before the 1950s, the First Nations people of Canada lived in the park. They hunted animals in the park.

Many people wanted to protect the grasslands in the area. They also wanted to protect the plants and animals that lived in the area. In the 1950s and 1960s, many people wanted a large area of grasslands protected. A study in 1965 showed that this area of Saskatchewan would be the best place to start a park. Both the governments of Alberta and Saskatchewan created a group to listen to the public's opinion in 1975. The group said that the public wanted the park to be created.
Geography
The park is divided into two parts. The west park of the park (called the West Block) is in Division No. 4, Saskatchewan. The West Block has the Frenchman River valley. They also have a herd of 300 plains bison and many prairie dog colonies. The Frenchman Valley Campground lets visitors use camping sites and teepees. Backcountry camping is also allowed in the West Block. The east part of the park (called the East Block) is in Division No. 3, Saskatchewan. Visitors to the East Block can see views of the badlands and see the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary in the rock.

References

Other websites

 

1981 establishments in Canada
Saskatchewan
National parks in Canada
Dark-sky preserves
Cedar County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 8,380 people lived there. The county seat is Hartington. It was founded in 1857.

References

1857 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Chase County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Chase County, Kansas
 Chase County, Nebraska
Chase County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 3,893 people lived there. The county seat is Imperial. It was founded in 1873.

References

1873 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Cherry County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 5,455 people lived there. The county seat is Valentine. It was founded in 1883.

References

1883 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Cheyenne County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 9,468 people lived there. The county seat is Sidney. It was founded in 1871.

References

1871 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 6,104 people lived there. The county seat is Clay Center. It was founded in 1855.

References

1855 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Colfax County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Colfax County, Nebraska
 Colfax County, New Mexico
Colfax County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 10,582 people lived there. The county seat is Schuyler. It was founded in 1869.

References

1860s establishments in Nebraska
1869 establishments in the United States
Nebraska counties
Cuming County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 9,013 people lived there. The county seat is West Point. It was founded in 1855.

References

1855 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Custer County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska, and was founded on February 17, 1877. As of the 2020 census, 10,545 people lived there. The county seat is Broken Bow.

It is the second largest county in Nebraska by area, after Cherry County.

References

1877 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Cleburne County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Cleburne County, Alabama
 Cleburne County, Arkansas
Sierra County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Sierra County, California
 Sierra County, New Mexico
San Juan County is the name of four counties in the United States:
 San Juan County, Colorado
 San Juan County, New Mexico
 San Juan County, Utah
 San Juan County, Washington
San Miguel County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 San Miguel County, Colorado
 San Miguel County, New Mexico
McLean County is the name of three counties in the United States:
 McLean County, Illinois
 McLean County, Kentucky
 McLean County, North Dakota
Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi (13 October 1958 – 2 October 2018) was a Saudi Arabian journalist and Washington Post columnist, author and the former general manager and editor-in-chief of Al Arab News Channel.

Khashoggi was kept hostage in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018. According to Turkish sources, they believe that Khashoggi was then brutally tortured for several days and later killed inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.

On 15 October, an inspection of the consulate, by both  Saudi Arabian followed by Turkish officials took place and found evidence of "tampering" during the inspection, and evidence that supported the belief Khashoggi was killed.

On 20 October, the Saudi government admitted that Khashoggi had died inside the Turkish consulate, claiming he had been strangled to death after a fight had broken out.  He was 49.

References
References

1958 births
2018 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Deaths by strangulation
Time People of the Year
American murder victims
Saudi Arabian writers
American columnists
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Sir Roger Geoffrey Gibbs  (13 October 1934 – 3 October 2018) was a British financier. He held senior positions on the board of directors of Arsenal Football Club, the Wellcome Trust and Fleming Family & Partners.

Gibbs died on 3 October 2018 at the age of 83.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
British businesspeople
Dakota County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 21,582 people lived there. The county seat is Dakota City. It was founded in March 7, 1855.

References

1855 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Dakota County may refer to:
 Dakota County, Minnesota in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area of east-central Minnesota
 Dakota County, Nebraska in northeastern Nebraska
Haskell County is the name of three counties in the United States:
 Haskell County, Kansas
 Haskell County, Oklahoma
 Haskell County, Texas
Joseph Kamaru (8 November 1938 – 3 October 2018) was a Kenyan rock and gospel musician and political activist. He was a leading Kikuyu musician, who has sold about half a million records. He was known for his politically motivated songs. His music covered the teachings of life and sexual harassment in Kenyan politics and social culture. He was known for his friendship with Presidents Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi.

Kamaru died on 3 October 2018 at the age of 79 at a hospital in Nairobi from complications of Parkinson's disease.

References

1938 births
2018 deaths
Kenyan musicians
Gospel musicians
Kenyan activists
Bent Lorentzen (11 February 1935 – 3 October 2018) was a Danish composer. He was born in Djursland, Denmark. He was one of the outstanding figures in contemporary Danish music. In 1970, he was awarded the Prix Italia. He was named Choral Composer of the Year in Denmark in 1989.

Lorentzen was one of the earliest composers in the field of Danish electronic music such as The Bottomless Pit in 1972 for the Nordic Music Days in Oslo, and Visions 1978. His last opera  Der Steppenwolf was shown in 2016.

Lorentzen died on 3 October 2018 in Copenhagen from lymphoma at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
 Article by Anders Beyer about Bent Lorentzen and a list of his works at Edition S
   Selection of recordings by Bent Lorentzen at Naxos America 
 Biography and recordings of Bent Lorentzen by Dacapo Records 

1935 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Danish composers
Rusk County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Rusk County, Texas
 Rusk County, Wisconsin
Louisa County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Louisa County, Iowa
 Louisa County, Virginia
Schuyler County is the name of three counties in the United States:
 Schuyler County, Illinois
 Schuyler County, Missouri
 Schuyler County, New York
Hamiet Bluiett (; September 16, 1940 – October 4, 2018) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. His instrument was the baritone saxophone. Bluiett was born in Brooklyn, Illinois. He was thought to be one of the finest players of this instrument. He was member of the World Saxophone Quartet, he also played (and records with) the bass saxophone, E-flat alto clarinet, E-flat contra-alto clarinet, and wooden flute.

Bluiett died of complications from a stroke in Brooklyn, Illinois on October 4, 2018 at the age of 78.

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
American clarinetists
American composers
Musicians from Illinois
Brooklyn (popularly known as Lovejoy), is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. It is located two miles north of East St. Louis, Illinois and three miles northeast of downtown St. Louis, Missouri. It is the oldest town incorporated by African Americans in the United States. 

In 2015, the county's state attorney Brendan Kelly described the village as a 'failed state.'

In 2020, the population was 649.

References

Villages in Illinois
Dawes County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 8,199 people lived there. The county seat is Chadron. The county was founded in 1885 and named after Governor James W. Dawes.

References

1885 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
The coat of arms of Slovenia has a red bordered blue shield on which there is a stylised white Mount Triglav. It was designed in 1991 by Marko Pogačnik and adopted on 24 June 1991.

References 

Slovenia

National symbols of Slovenia
Kevin Marcus Ellison (January 8, 1987 – , 2018) was an American football safety. He was born in Inglewood, California. He last played for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. 

He played college football at Southern California.

Ellison died in October 2018, according to the University of Southern California, at the age of 31.

References

Other websites
San Diego Chargers bio 
USC Trojans football bio 
Cathedral High School Phantom Football

1987 births
2018 deaths
African American players of American football
Seattle Seahawks players
Sportspeople from Inglewood, California
Kurt Malangré (18 September 1934 – 4 October 2018) was a German politician. He was born in Aachen. 

In 1972 he was elected Mayor of Aachen, and from 1973–1989 he was  Lord Mayor. From 1979 to 1999 he was also Member of the European Parliament.

Malangré died on October 4, 2018 in Aachen from lung cancer at the age of 84.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
German mayors
MEPs for Germany
David Poole Anderson (May 6, 1929 – October 4, 2018) was an American sportswriter. He was born in Troy, New York. In 1981 he won a Pulitzer Prize for commentary on sporting events. He was the author of 21 books and more than 350 magazine articles.

Anderson died on October 4, 2018 at the age of 89 in Cresskill, New Jersey from heart failure.

References

Other websites

Pulitzer Prize winners
1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American columnists
Journalists from New York City
People from Troy, New York
Cresskill is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 8,573.

References

Boroughs in Bergen County, New Jersey
The Imperial Seal of Japan, also called the ,  or , is a crest (mon) used by members of the Japanese Imperial family.

Japan

National symbols of Japan
William Gale "Will" Vinton (November 17, 1947 – October 4, 2018) was an American animator and filmmaker. He won an Oscar for his work and several Emmy Awards and Clio Awards. He was born in McMinnville, Oregon. Vinton was known for his works The California Raisins, The Adventures of Mark Twain and Return to Oz.

Vinton died of multiple myeloma in Portland, Oregon on October 4, 2018 at the age of 70.

References

Other websites

Vinton Entertainment 
LAIKA, previously Vinton Studios
Freewill Entertainment
willvinton.net, Will Vinton's Claymation and Stopmotion Animation Site

Academy Award winning editors
Emmy Award winners
1947 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple myeloma
American animators
American movie directors
American screenwriters
American editors
American voice actors
Actors from Portland, Oregon
Writers from Oregon
Clio Award winners
Dawson County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska, and was founded in 1871. As of the 2020 census, 24,111 people lived there. The county seat is Lexington.

References

1871 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
McMinnville is the county seat of and largest city in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 32,187.

References

County seats in Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Yamhill County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,722. The county seat is McMinnville.

References

Oregon counties
The coat of arms of Brazil was adopted on November 19, 1889, four days after Brazil became a republic.

The coat of arms has the central emblem bordered by coffee (at the left) and tobacco (at the right) branches, which are important crops in Brazil.

In the blue circle in the center, the Southern Cross () can be seen. The ring of 27 stars around it represents Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District.

The blue ribbon has the official name of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil — Federative Republic of Brazil) in its first line. In the second line, the date of the federative republic's establishment (November 15, 1889) is written.

Brazil

National symbols of Brazil
Jimmy Duquennoy (9 June 1995 – 5 October 2018) was a Belgian cyclist. He rode for WB Aqua Protect Veranclassic. He was born in Tournai, Belgium.

Duquennoy died at age 23 after suffering cardiac arrest at his home in Wez-Velvain, Belgium.

References

1995 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Belgian cyclists
On October 6, 2018, at approximately 19:11, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck 19 km northwest of Port-de-Paix, Haiti. The earthquake killed at least 12 people, and shaking was felt as far away as Port-au-Prince.

The earthquake was the strongest to hit Haiti since January 12, 2010.

References

2018 disasters
2018 in North America
2010s disasters in North America
2010s in Haiti
2018
October 2018 events
The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA; Spanish: Acuerdo Estados Unidos-México-Canadá, AEUMC; French: Accord États-Unis-Mexique-Canada, AÉUMC) is a free trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States, replacing the previous North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is the result of the 2017–2018 renegotiation of NAFTA by its member states, which informally agreed to the terms on September 30, 2018, and formally on October 1. The agreement came into effect on July 1, 2020.

Compared to NAFTA, the agreement gives the U.S. more access to Canada's $19 billion dairy market, more domestic production of cars and trucks, increases environmental and labor regulations, and introduces updated intellectual property protections.

References

October 2018 events
September 2018 events
2018 in the United States
2018 in Canada
2018 in Mexico
International organizations
Ivar Odnes (25 May 1963 – 5 October 2018) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. He was a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oppland during the term 2013–2017. He was born in Østre Toten and was from 2011 the deputy county mayor of Oppland.

Odnes died of pancreatic cancer on 5 October 2018 in Oslo at the age of 55.

References

1963 births
2018 deaths
Norwegian politicians
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Evert (Eef) Brouwers (9 March 1939 – 6 October 2018) was a Dutch journalist and spokesman. He was born in Zwolle, Netherlands. He worked as a news presenter at Regionale Omroep Noord en Oost, AVRO, NOS Studio Sport, NOS and NOS Journaal. From 1977–1983 he was editor in chief of the Northern Dutch regional journal Nieuwsblad van het Noorden.

In 1995 he made a career move to become director-general of the Dutch information service Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst, a position he had until January 1, 2004.

Brouwers died on 6 October 2018 in The Hague from colorectal cancer at the age 79.

References

Other websites
 Communication, Eef Brouwers
 De Volkskrant, personal about Eef Brouwers
 Interview with Eef Brouwers 

1939 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Dutch journalists
Writers from Overijssel
Diptych can refer to two paintings that are joined together.

Art
Melvin Harrison Turpin (December 28, 1960 – July 8, 2010), who commonly went by Mel Turpin, was an American professional basketball player.  He played college basketball at the University of Kentucky, and professionally in the NBA for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Utah Jazz and Washington Bullets.  He also played briefly in Liga ACB in Spain.

After a brilliant college career, which saw Turpin set several SEC records, Turpin was considered a draft disappointment in the 1984 NBA draft class, which is considered by many to be the greatest NBA draft class in history (Hall of Famers from the class include Hakeem Olajuwon, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, John Stockton and Oscar Schmidt - in the NBA, Jordan performed a rather famous dunk on Turpin).  Turpin's relatively lackluster play in the professional ranks earned him many condescending nicknames, including Dinner Bell Mel and The Mealman.  Other nicknames he obtained over his career include Big Dipper, and in Spain, El Mel and El Mucho Grande.
On July 8, 2010, Turpin committed suicide in his home in Lexington, Kentucky from an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound.

1960 births
2010 deaths
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Utah Jazz players
Washington Wizards players
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Washington Bullets players
Marvin Darnell Harrison (born August 25, 1972) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Syracuse University, and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the first round of the 1996 NFL Draft. He spent all 13 of his NFL seasons with the Colts, most of them with quarterback Peyton Manning, and is widely considered as one of the greatest and most productive wide receivers in NFL history. He earned a Super Bowl ring with the team in Super Bowl XLI over the Chicago Bears.

Harrison was a Pro Football Hall of Fame finalist for the Classes of 2014 and 2015 before being elected in 2016, the same year his former coach Tony Dungy was voted into the Hall.

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
African American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Indianapolis Colts players
Efrem Zimbalist may refer to:

Efrem Zimbalist, Sr. (1889 or 1890–1985), Russian-American violinist, composer, teacher and conductor, father of Efrem Zimbalist, Jr.
Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. (1918–2014), American actor, son of Efrem Zimbalist, Sr.
Efrem Winters, full name Efrem Zimbalist Winters, American college basketball player
Efrem Zimbalist Stringfellow, University of Illinois track & field athlete
"Louie Louie" is a rhythm and blues song written by Richard Berry in 1955 and best known for the 1963 hit version by The Kingsmen. It is a rock standard. "Louie Louie" tells, in simple verse–chorus form, the first-person story of a Jamaican sailor returning to the island to see his lady love.

The Kingsmen's cover recording was the subject of an FBI investigation about the supposed but nonexistent obscenity of the lyrics, an investigation that ended without prosecution.  Ironically, the recording notably includes the drummer yelling "Fuck!" after dropping his drumstick at the 0:54 mark.

While the Kingsmen's version did not top the Billboard chart, it did reach #1 on Cashbox for two weeks, and it was the last #1 before Beatlemania hit the United States with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".  The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" is considered the epitome of garage rock and is often considered one of the greatest rock songs of all time.
1955 songs
The Kingsmen songs
Motörhead songs
Black Flag songs
Barry White songs
Australian Crawl songs
Nick Cave songs
Toots and the Maytals songs
"White Rabbit" is a song written by Grace Slick and recorded by the American rock band Jefferson Airplane for their 1967 album Surrealistic Pillow.  The song is notable for its opening bassline played by Jack Casady, its bolero-type form, and for its drug references, which are believed to be the first of their kind to make it past radio censorship. 

The song is influenced by Alice in Wonderland.  It is notably used in the movie Platoon (not to be confused with the film's theme, which is Adagio for Strings). The song often appears on critics' lists of the greatest songs of all time, and at 2:31, it is often one of the shortest songs in length on these lists.

1967 songs
R Apodis is a red giant star located in the constellation Apus. It is a variable star, meaning its size changes over time.

Variable stars
Red giants
A red supergiant (RSG) is a larger and brighter type of red giant star. Red supergiants are often variable stars. They are between 100 to 1,600 times bigger than the Sun. Examples of a red supergiant star include Antares, 119 Tauri, Betelgeuse, and VV Cephei A. Most red supergiant stars explode as supernovae. Some of the brightest become Wolf-Rayet stars before they explode. 

Red supergiants are stars are some of the brightest stars. They are also the largest stars in the universe. Betelgeuse and Antares are the brightest and best known red supergiants. They are also the only first magnitude red supergiant stars.

References

Red giants
Types of stars
The solar radius is the radius (half of the diameter) of the Sun. It is the same as . It is used to find out the sizes of other stars.

Units of length
Sun
Hyakutake is a comet. It had the longest found comet tail of any comet, similar to 500 million kilometers. It will return in about 70,000 years.

Comets
Solar System
Benevenuto Daciolo Fonseca dos Santos (born 30 March 1976), known as Cabo Daciolo (Corporal Daciolo in English), is a Brazilian military firefighter and politician. He was born in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. He is a member of Patriota (PATRI). In 2014, he was elected federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro. He wa expelled from PSOL in 2015. 

On 28 March 2018, he was chosen by Patriota as pre-candidate for President of Brazil in the 2018 general election.

References

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian politicians
People from Florianópolis
José Maria Eymael (born 2 November 1939) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and businessman. He is the founder of the Democracia Cristã (DC), known in English as the Christian Democracy. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.

In 1985 Eymael was a candidate for mayor of São Paulo, but lost the election. In 1986 and again in 1990, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. He ran again for mayor of São Paulo in 1992 but lost again.

He unsuccessfully ran for President of Brazil in the 2018 election and 2022 election under the Christian Democracy party.

References

1939 births
Living people
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian lawyers
Brazilian businesspeople
Quentin Evan Kenihan (27 February 1975 – 6 October 2018) was an Australian disability activist, politician, comedian and actor. He was born with osteogenesis imperfecta, a bone disease in Box Hill, Victoria. He later was the host of a Ten Network television show Quentin Crashes. In 2016, Kenihan was interviewed by Ray Martin in a notable interview that helped Kenihan's recognition. He was best known for his role in Mad Max: Fury Road in the role of Corpus Colossus.

Kenihan was nominated as a councillor candidate for Adelaide at the elections on 9 November 2018.

Kenihan died on 6 October 2018 in Adelaide, South Australia from an asthma attack, aged 43.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1975 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from asthma
Disability activists
Australian movie actors
Politicians from South Australia
Actors from Adelaide
Politicians from Victoria (Australia)
Actors from Victoria (Australia)
People with disabilities
Oleg Pavlov (; 16 March 1970 – 7 October 2018) was a Russian novelist. From Moscow, he was the winner of the Russian Booker Prize. Pavlov went on to win the Prize in 2002 with his next book, the second novel in what would become the trilogy Tales from the Last Days.

His first novel, Captain of the Steppe, has been translated into English and published by And Other Stories in 2013.

In his 2003 book "The Russian Man in the 20th Century", he wrote about Russian life, not only based on his personal experience.

Pavlov died in Moscow on 7 October 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 48.

References

Other websites
 Oleg Pavlov's official site  

1970 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Russian educators
Russian novelists
Writers from Moscow
Small seal script, or xiaozhuang characters, was the first set of Chinese characters that were made the standard all across China. Previously, each of the Warring States had their own Chinese characters.  People from one state did not understand the characters from another.  When the Qin dynasty (221 BC to 206 BC) conquered the other states, Emperor Qin Shi Huang forced all Imperial China to use Qin characters and Qin units of measurement.  This allowed people all across China to communicate with each other without confusion.

Since the strokes used to write small seal script characters were very long, curvy, and difficult to write quickly, officials of the Han dynasty replaced small seal script with traditional characters, which are still used today in China. However, since small seal characters look very artistic, they can still be seen in Chinese seals and calligraphy today.

Writing systems
Chinese characters
Imperial China is a period of Chinese history. It lasted over 2,000 years. It began with Qin Shi Huang's uniting of China under the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. It ended with the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Throughout this period, many features of Chinese civilization spread throughout all of China. These included Confucianism, standardized testing, standardized weights and counting systems, trade routes, and Chinese characters. China became known worldwide for all these features. 

Throughout this period, China had been ruled by many different dynasties, or ruling family lines. They included the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan/Mongol, Ming, and Qing/Manchu dynasties. There were also several periods where China had been ruled by several different kingdoms.
Throughout most of Imperial China, China had been ruled by emperors and empresses who were Han Chinese. However, there were some dynasties where the ruling class was made of Chinese minority groups, such as the Yuan and Qing dynasties. They were ruled by the Mongols and Manchus in that same order.

History of China
A standardized test is a test that is done and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed so that everything about them are standard. They are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner.

Often they are used as a test to join an institution or gain a license of some sort. The grading system is the same no matter where they are taken. They can be used for university entry, like the SAT and ACT in the United States or the Gaokao in the People's Republic of China (PRC). They can be used a requirement to get a job, like the LSAT for lawyers.

In the United States the term is often used for the multiple-choice questions used in the educational system. They are thought by some to be a poor way to measure educational progress. They are, however, convenient and cheap. Marking does not require expertise in the subject-matter.
Many psychological tests are designed to be standardized. They are designed to be "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior".

The first known standardized test was in Imperial China, when Empress Wu allowed anyone who passed the test to be a government official based on their merit rather than birthright, meaning that people work to become leaders rather than being born into leadership. However, we do not know the details of this system.

References 

Tests
La Brabançonne (; , ; "The Brabantian") is the national anthem of Belgium. It was written by Frenchman Alexandre Dechet. It currently has official lyrics in Belgium's three official languages- French, Dutch, and German. Before the main song, "Vive la Belgique" is said in French.

Lyrics

Modern lyrics

Trilingual version

References 

National anthems
 
National symbols of Belgium
Heartbound is a planned role-playing game for Microsoft Windows, Linux and OS X, developed by an American Indie game developer, Pirate Software.

The game is about a young man called Lore, who struggles with his thoughts, such as depression and anxiety, while trying to find his dog, Baron, who has gone missing.

The game is influenced by the player's actions while playing the game. Performing negative actions, such as feeding Baron rubbish in the beginning of the game, causes Lore to become more evil and negative. Performing positive actions, such as feeding Baron dog food, causes Lore to become more positive himself.

An Alpha version of the game has been released - the full version is planned for release in December 2018.

Gameplay 

Heartbound is similar to another role-playing game, Undertale, in that interactions with the environment causes the game's story to change. According to Pirate Game's website:
"Every time you interact with an object, talk to an NPC, forget to turn off a light-switch, take out the trash, or disregard a sparkly bush the game remembers this and will change subtly for all further interactions. The greatest part about this design is that it already works and is in the current builds of the game. Both minor and major differences are going to pop up throughout the game and give the community something to share with one another. Everything you do matters no matter what kind of player you are or choose to be."

Combat
Combat 

Heartbound has a different combat system to most other role-playing games. Instead of attacking enemies based on a statistics system, the player has to complete minigames, which can either deal damage or cause the player to lose health, depending on the exact minigame. Equipment can also be found around the worlds Lore explores, which will increase attack strength or maximum health. Battles are not random - they are supposed to occur at specific points in the game, although some are avoidable if the player goes down certain gameplay routes.

References 

Indie video games
Upcoming video games
In fiction, a plot hole is a part of a story that goes against something that has already been stated. These may include events that should not happen according for in-universe reasons, events that seem unlikely or events that contradict earlier events in the narrative.

The term can also be used to describe a situation that has not been resolved by the end of the plot, even though there will be no continuing story.

Related pages 
 Plot (narrative)
 Continuity
 Deus ex machina

Fiction
Psychological testing of the modern type started about 150 years ago. Francis Galton  (1822–1911)  invented  the  first tests. The American   psychologist James Cattell (1860–1944) studied with Galton and then, in 1890, published a classic paper Mental Tests and Measurements.

The definition of a psychological test is "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior". The kind of tests which were developed included:
Intelligence tests: how well a person solves problems.
Aptitude tests: how well a person is suited to a particular task or role.
Personality tests: what kind of person an individual is.

Psychologists who give these tests have training and qualifications which tell the employer that they are certified to give the tests and assess (understand) the results.

References 

Psychometrics
Hurricane Michael was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm threatened Cuba, northwestern Florida, Georgia and southern Alabama. It was the 13th named storm, seventh hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first Category 5 hurricane and the strongest on record to impact the Florida Panhandle, and was the fourth-strongest landfalling hurricane in the United States in terms of wind speed. As Michael became a Category 5 hurricane, the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season became a third consecutive season to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Irma in 2017; this also makes Michael the third straight "M" name to feature as a Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Maria in 2017 as well.

The storm passed near western Cuba on October 7-8.

The storm led to six deaths in Honduras, four in Nicaragua and three in El Salvador.

Michael became a major hurricane on Tuesday, October 9, 2018.
The storm struck near Mexico Beach, Florida in the Florida Panhandle as a borderline Category 5 hurricane, which makes it the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States as a Category 5 hurricane since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. It had a wind speed of 160 mph and a central pressure of 919 millibars. It was originally designated as a high-end Category 4 hurricane with wind speed of 155 mph, but from post-analysis, it was indeed a Category 5 hurricane as originally thought. It was said to be the strongest hurricane to hit Florida since Andrew in 1992 in terms of pressure which it had a central pressure of 922 millibars. It was also the strongest hurricane to hit the United States in terms of pressure since Hurricane Camille in  1969, which had a pressure of 900 millibars.
Retirement 
On March 20, 2019, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Michael due to extreme and very expensive damage it caused along its track, particularly in the Florida Panhandle and southwest Georgia, and it will never again be used for another Atlantic hurricane. It will be replaced with Milton for the 2024 season.

References

Michael
2018 in the United States
21st century in Honduras
21st century in Nicaragua
21st century in El Salvador
2010s in Cuba
2010s in Jamaica
October 2018 events
Michael
Michael
Michael
Unai Emery Etxegoien (; born 3 November 1971) is a Spanish football manager and former player. He currently is the manager of Premier League club Aston Villa.

References 

1971 births
Living people
Spanish football managers
Spanish footballers
People from the Basque Country
Valencia CF managers
Sevilla FC managers
Platoon is a 1986 British-American war movie written and directed by Oliver Stone and produced by Arnold Kopelson. It stars Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, Charlie Sheen, Keith David, John C. McGinley, Forest Whitaker and Johnny Depp. 

It is the first movie of a trilogy of Vietnam War movies directed by Stone, followed by Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Heaven & Earth (1993).

Platoon was the first Hollywood movie to be written and directed by a veteran of the Vietnam War.

Platoon won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1986; it also won Best Director for Oliver Stone, as well as Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing.

References

1986 movies
1980s war movies
American war movies
British war movies
Vietnam War movies
Jungle movies
Academy Award winning movies
American independent movies
Movies directed by Oliver Stone
Paul Michael Romer (born November 7, 1955) is an American economist. He is known for creating the endogenous growth theory. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2018 alongside William Nordhaus. He was Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank until he resigned in January 2018. He had been on leave from his position as professor of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University.  His father is former Governor of Colorado Roy Romer.

References

1955 births
Living people
American economists
New York University faculty
Writers from Denver
Far East Air Transport Flight 103, a Boeing 737-200, registration B-2603, departed Taipei Songshan Airport for Kaohsiung on 22 August 1981. The aircraft suffered an explosive decompression fourteen minutes after takeoff and disintegrated.

Summary 
The aircraft had previously lost cabin pressure on 5 August; and earlier on the day of the crash it had departed Songshan Airport but the crew aborted the flight ten minutes later for the same reason. After repairs were made the aircraft departed Songshan Airport again and broke up shortly afterward.

Cause 
Although there was early speculation that the crash was caused by a bomb, an investigation by the Republic of China Civil Aeronautics Board concluded that severe corrosion led to a pressure hull rupture. The severe corrosion was due to the many pressurization flight cycles the aircraft had experienced, and that cracks produced were probably undetected.
The wreckage was scattered across an area of  located some  south of Taipei. All 110 people onboard (110 passengers and crew, including eighteen Japanese citizens (among them Kuniko Mukōda) and two Americans) died.  The accident was Taiwan's worst air disaster at the time, but is now the second-worst, behind China Airlines Flight 676.

Related pages
 Aloha Airlines Flight 243
 China Airlines Flight 611
 Japan Airlines Flight 123

References

 UK CAA Document CAA 429 World Airline Accident Summary (ICAO Summary 4/76)

Other websites

Aviation accidents and incidents in the 1980s
Aviation accidents and incidents in Asia
1981 in Asia
20th century in Taiwan
August events
James David Wolfensohn, KBE, AO (1 December 1933 – 25 November 2020) was an Australian-American lawyer, investment banker and economist. He was the ninth president of the World Bank Group from 1995 to 2005.

Wolfensohn died in New York City on 25 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems, aged 87.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Australian lawyers
Presidents of the World Bank Group
Australian economists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Lawyers from New York City
American economists
Writers from Sydney
William Dawbney Nordhaus (born May 31, 1941) is an American economist of Jewish descent and professor at Yale University. He was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Nordhaus is best known for his work in economic modelling and climate change. He is, together with Paul Romer, the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner. He won the award "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis".

References

1941 births
Living people
American economists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Writers from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Scientists from New Mexico
Yale University faculty
Educators from New Mexico
Antônio Hamilton Martins Mourão (born 15 August 1953) is a Brazilian politician and retired Army General. He was the Vice President of Brazil from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022. He held the highest post a Brazilian soldier can reach during peace time.  He is also the son of General Antônio Hamilton Mourão and Wanda Coronel Martins. He retired from the military on February 28, 2018. Mourão is the first indigenous person who became vice president.

On May 8, 2018, Mourão announced his membership of the Brazilian Labor Renewal Party (PRTB), and his plans to run for President of Brazil. However, in August of 2018, Mourão became the running mate of right-wing Presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro. They won the second round of the election on 28 October 2018.
Mourão is a controversial person mainly because of his support of the country's 1964–1985 military dictatorship. He has also disagreed with Bolsonaro publicly on many issues. This have led to calls for impeachment from Bolsonaro-supporting members of Congress. Many believe he may not be chosen as Bolsonaro's running-mate in the 2022 election. In June 2022, Bolsonaro picked Walter Souza Braga Netto as his 2022 running mate.

References

1953 births
Living people
Vice presidents of Brazil
Brazilian generals
Arnold Kopelson (February 14, 1935 – October 8, 2018) was an American movie producer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was known for his works in Platoon, Seven, Outbreak, The Fugitive and The Devil's Advocate.

Kopelson died at his home in Beverly Hills, California on October 8, 2018, aged 83.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2018 deaths
Movie producers from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
George Taliaferro (January 8, 1927 – October 8, 2018) was a professional American football player. He was the first African American drafted by a National Football League team. He was born in Gates, Tennessee, but raised in Gary, Indiana.

Taliaferro played for the NFL for the New York Yanks from 1950 to 1951, the Dallas Texans in 1952, the Baltimore Colts from 1953 to 1954, and Philadelphia Eagles in 1955.

Taliaferro was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981.

Taliaferro died at age 91 on October 8, 2018 in Mason, Ohio from heart failure. He also had Alzheimer’s disease.

References

Other websites
 "Indiana Legends: George Taliaferro", Indiana University

1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
People with Alzheimer's disease
Baltimore Colts players
Sportspeople from Tennessee
Sportspeople from Gary, Indiana
People from Bloomington, Indiana
Gates is a town in Lauderdale County, Tennessee. The population was 901 at the 2000 census and 647 at the 2010 census. Gates is located at  (35.839253, -89.407058). Memphis lies about  to the southwest.

References

Towns in Tennessee
In the early afternoon of October 6, 2018, a limousine crashed at the New York state routes 30 and 30A north of Schoharie,  west of Albany. The crash killed 20 people: the driver, all 17 passengers, and two pedestrians who were in a nearby parking lot.

It is the worst transportation-related disaster in both the state and the nation since a plane crashed into a house outside Buffalo in 2009, killing 50. It is also the deadliest road transportation disaster in the U.S. since 2005.

The passengers were a group of young adults who were on their way to celebrate one member's 30th birthday at a local winery. Among them were four sisters and two recently married couples. Investigation of the crash has revealed some safety issues with the limousine and driver.

References

2018 disasters
2018 in the United States
2010s in New York (state)
October 2018 events
Road accident deaths in New York (state)
Transport disasters in the United States
Schoharie  is a town in Schoharie County, New York.  The population was 3,299 at the 2000 census. It was first explored by Germans in the 1710s.

On October 6, 2018, a limousine crashed in Schoharie, killing 20 people.

References

Towns in New York (state)
Trump Tower is a 58-story,  mixed-use skyscraper at 721–725 Fifth Avenue between 56th and 57th Streets in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Trump Tower serves as the headquarters for The Trump Organization. It is named after and owned by U.S. President Donald Trump.

References

Skyscrapers in New York City
Donald Trump
Meng Hongwei (; born November 1953) is a Chinese former politician. He was the President of Interpol from 2016 to 2018. 

Interpol received Meng's letter of resignation after he was arrested by Chinese authorities in October 2018. He is accused of taking bribes. He was Vice-Minister of Public Security in China from 2004 until his arrest.

References

1953 births
Living people
Chinese politicians
Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit is a 1993 American musical-comedy movie loosely based on the life of Crenshaw High School choir instructor Iris Stevenson, and starring Whoopi Goldberg. Directed by Bill Duke, and released by Touchstone Pictures, it is the sequel to the successful 1992 movie Sister Act. Most of the original cast reprise their roles in the sequel, including Maggie Smith, Kathy Najimy, Wendy Makkena, and Mary Wickes.

Cast 
 Whoopi Goldberg - Deloris Van Cartier / Sister Mary Clarence
 Kathy Najimy - Sister Mary Patrick
 Barnard Hughes - Father Maurice
 Mary Wickes - Sister Mary Lazarus
 James Coburn - Mr. Crisp
 Michael Jeter - Father Ignatius
 Wendy Makkena - Sister Mary Robert
 Sheryl Lee Ralph - Florence Watson
 Robert Pastorelli - Joey Bustamente
 Thomas Gottschalk - Father Wolfgang
 Maggie Smith - Reverend Mother
 Lauryn Hill - Rita Louise Watson
 Brad Sullivan - Father Thomas
 Alanna Ubach - Maria
 Ryan Toby - Ahmal
 Ron Johnson - Sketch
 Jennifer Love Hewitt - Margaret

Release dates
Release dates 

1993 comedy movies
1990s musical movies
American musical comedy movies
Arnold Carl Harberger (born July 27, 1924) is an American economist. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. Harberger is known for his triangle theory, where the deadweight loss that may be caused by seller monopoly power, taxation. He is also known for his essays about predictions of the American GDP.

References

Other websites
 Video Collection from NewMedia Universidad Francisco Marroquín

1924 births
Living people
American economists
Scientists from Newark, New Jersey
Anne Osborn Krueger (; born February 12, 1934) is an American economist.  She was the World Bank Chief Economist from 1982 to 1986, and the first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2001 to 2006. She is currently professor of international economics at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites
 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Faculty Website
 Anne O. Krueger, Biographical Information, copyrighted by the International Monetary Fund  A, used under fair use; see 
 Anne O. Krueger Trade Policy and Economic Development: How We Learn The American Economic Review, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 1–22 

1934 births
Living people
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
American economists
Scientists from New York (state)
People from Endicott, New York