Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
For Isaac Newton's book containing basic laws of physics, see Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

The Principia Mathematica is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. It was published in 1910, 1912, and 1913. In 1927, it appeared in a second edition with an important Introduction to the second edition, and different notes at the end. It is often known as PM.
The book was an attempt to describe a set of axioms, inference rules and law of noncontradiction in symbolic logic from which all mathematical truths could in principle be proved. This ambitious project is of great importance in the history of mathematics and philosophy. The authors believed that such a project could be done. However, in 1931, Gödel's incompleteness theorem proved that PM, and any other attempt, could never reach this goal. For any set of axioms and inference rules proposed, either the system must be inconsistent, or there must in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them.

One of the main inspirations and motivations for PM was the earlier work of Gottlob Frege on logic.
PM is not to be confused with Russell's 1903 Principles of Mathematics. PM states: "The present work was originally intended by us to be ... a second volume of Principles of Mathematics... But as we advanced, it became increasingly evident that the subject is a very much larger one than we had supposed..."

The Modern Library placed it 23rd in a list of the top 100 English-language nonfiction books of the twentieth century.

References 

Mathematics books
1910 books
Edison, New Jersey is a township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It is in the New York City metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, Edison had a total population of 99,967.

Townships in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
I Was Made to Love Her is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was released on August 28th, 1967 under Tamla Records. Wonder also released another album in 1967, a Christmas album called Someday at Christmas.

Track listing

Side One
"I Was Made to Love Her" (Wonder, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Lula Mae Hardaway) – 2:36
"Send Me Some Lovin'" (Lloyd Price, John Marascalo) – 2:29
"I'd Cry" (Wonder, Moy) – 2:33
"Everybody Needs Somebody (I Need You)" (Wonder, Clarence Paul) – 2:36
"Respect" (Otis Redding) – 2:21
"My Girl" (Smokey Robinson, Ronald White) – 2:55

Side Two
"Baby Don't You Do It" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) – 2:11
"A Fool for You" (Ray Charles) – 3:16
"Can I Get a Witness" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) – 2:42
"I Pity the Fool" (Deadric Malone) – 3:04
"Please, Please, Please" (James Brown, John Terry) – 2:40
"Every Time I See You I Go Wild" (Wonder, Cosby, Moy) – 2:52

References

1967 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Someday at Christmas is a Christmas album and the eighth studio album by Stevie Wonder. It was released on November 27, 1967 under Tamla. It was his second album to be released in 1967. It followed I Was Made to Love Her.

Reviews

Track listing
"Someday at Christmas" (Ron Miller and Bryan Wells) – 2:49
"Silver Bells" (Jay Livingston and Ray Evans) – 2:22
"Ave Maria" (Franz Schubert) – 3:56
"The Little Drummer Boy" (Katherine K. Davis, Henry Onorati and Harry Simeone) – 3:05
"One Little Christmas Tree" (Ron Miller and Bryan Wells) – 2:41
"The Day That Love Began" (Ron Miller and Deborah Wells) – 3:33
"The Christmas Song" (Mel Tormé and Robert Wells) – 3:06
"Bedtime for Toys" (Ron Miller and Orlando Murden) – 3:28
"Christmastime" (Sol Selegna) – 2:32
"Twinkle Twinkle Little Me" (Ron Miller and William O'Malley) – 3:13
"A Warm Little Home on a Hill" (Ron Miller and Bryan Wells) – 3:26
"What Christmas Means to Me" (Anna Gaye, Allen Story and George Gordy) – 2:27
2003 20th Century Masters bonus tracks
(Both first appeared on the CD collection, Christmas in the City).

"The Miracles of Christmas" (Ron Miller and Aurora Miller) - 2:24 (B-side from the single "Someday at Christmas")
"Everyone's a Kid at Christmas" (Ron Miller and Aurora Miller) - 2:46

References

1967 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Christmas albums
Eivets Rednow is an instrumental and ninth album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was released on the Gordy Records label in 1968. The title is Stevie Wonder spelt backwards. The album was his first album released in 1967 as he would release another album called For Once in My Life later on that year.

Track listing
"Alfie" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:14
"More than a Dream" (Henry Cosby, Stevie Wonder) – 3:48
"A House Is Not a Home" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:32
"How Can You Believe" (Stevie Wonder) – 3:04
Medley: "Never My Love/Ask the Lonely" (Don Addrisi, Dick Addrisi/Ivy Jo Hunter, William "Mickey" Stevenson) – 2:30 
"Ruby" (Mitchell Parish, Heinz Roemheld) – 6:48 
"Which Way the Wind" (Stevie Wonder) – 2:47
"Bye Bye World" (Stevie Wonder) – 3:21
"Grazin' in the Grass" (Philemon Hou) – 2:57

References

1968 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Jazz albums
For Once in My Life is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder on Motown Records. It was released in December 1968, his second album that year.

Track listing
"For Once in My Life" (Ron Miller, Orlando Murden) 2:48
"Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder) 2:45
"You Met Your Match" (Lula Mae Hardaway, Don Hunter, Stevie Wonder) 2:37
"I Wanna Make Her Love Me" (Henry Cosby, Lula Mae Hardaway, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder) 2:52
"I'm More Than Happy (I'm Satisfied)" (Henry Cosby, Cameron Grant, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder) 2:56
"I Don't Know Why" (Lula Mae Hardaway, Don Hunter, Paul Riser, Stevie Wonder) 2:46
"Sunny" (Bobby Hebb) 4:00
"I'd Be a Fool Right Now" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder) 2:54
"Ain't No Lovin'" (Lula Mae Hardaway, Don Hunter, Paul Riser, Stevie Wonder) 2:36
"God Bless the Child" (Arthur Herzog Jr., Billie Holiday) 3:27
"Do I Love Her" (Stevie Wonder) 2:58
"The House on the Hill" (L. Brown, Berry Gordy, Allen Story) 2:36

References
References

1968 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
My Cherie Amour is the eleventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was  released on the Tamla label on August 29, 1969. It was his only album to be released in 1969. The next two albums released in 1970 would be recorded live.

Track listing 

Side One
 "My Cherie Amour" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Wonder) – 2:54
 "Hello, Young Lovers" (Oscar Hammerstein, Richard Rodgers) – 3:05
 "At Last" (Mack Gordon, Harry Warren) – 2:51
 "Light My Fire" (Densmore, Krieger, Manzarek, Morrison) – 3:25
 "The Shadow of Your Smile" (Johnny Mandel, Paul Francis Webster) – 2:41
 "You and Me" (Beatrice Verdi, Deke Richards) – 2:45

Side Two
 "Pearl" (Richard Morris) – 2:42
 "Somebody Knows, Somebody Cares" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Lula Mae Hardaway, Wonder) – 2:33
 "Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday" (Ron Miller, Bryan Wells) - 3:06
 "Angie Girl" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Wonder) – 2:56
 "Give Your Love" (Henry Cosby, Don Hunter, Wonder) – 3:15
 "I've Got You" (Sylvia Moy, Wonder) – 2:35

References
References

1969 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Stevie Wonder Live is a 1970 live album by Stevie Wonder on the Tamla label. It is Wonder's second live album. The album is an important point in his career to shows Wonder's transition from a performer to a genius singer-songwriter.

Track listing
"Intro/Pretty World" 3:20
"Sunny" 2:41
"Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet (A Time for Us)" 3:00
"Everybody's Talkin'" 2:53
"My Cherie Amour" 2:55
"Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday" 2:36
"I've Gotta Be Me/Once in a Lifetime" 5:57
"A Place in the Sun" 2:20
"Down to Earth" 2:24
"Blowin' in the Wind" 6:30
"By the Time I Get to Phoenix" 4:00
"Ca' Purange" 6:45
"Alfie" 5:00
"For Once in My Life/Thank You Love" 3:37

References

1970 albums
Live albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Live at the Talk of the Town is a 1970 live album by Stevie Wonder on the Tamla record label. It was recorded at the Talk of the Town nightclub in London. It was Wonder's third live album. It was the second to be released in 1970 following the Stevie Wonder Live album.

Track listing
"Pretty World" (Adolfo, Bergman, Bergman, Gaspar) – 3:35
"Never Had a Dream Come True" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) – 3:40
"Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) – 4:52
"My Cherie Amour" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) – 3:13
"Alfie" (Bacharach, David) – 2:01
"Drum Solo" (Wonder) – 4:23
"Bridge over Troubled Water" (Simon) – 8:35
"I Was Made to Love Her" (Cosby, Hardaway, Moy, Wonder) – 5:29
"Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday" (Miller, Wells) – 2:55
"For Once in My Life" (Miller, Murden) – 3:56
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours" (Garrett, Hardaway, Wonder, Wright) – 5:22

References

1970 albums
Live albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
A court order (or order) is a formal written direction by a member of the judiciary. It directs a party to do something. It can also be an order not to do something, as in an injunction. 

An order can be as simple as setting a date for trial. They can also be complex involving many details. It may be a final order (one that concludes the court action), or an interim order (one during the action).  Most orders are written, and are signed by the judge. Some orders, however, are spoken orally by the judge in open court, and are only reduced to writing in the transcript of the proceedings.

Examples 
The following represents a small sampling of matters that are commonly dictated by the terms of a court order:
Restraining order  
Temporary protective order  
Emergency protective order 
Search warrant  
Divorce decree 
Child custody  
Child support 
Lawsuit rulings 
Criminal sentences 
Court dates 
Equitable remedy  
Stay of execution

References 

Legal terms
A party is a person or group of persons that make up a single entity for the purposes of the law. They are a participant in legal proceeding and have an interest in the outcome. Parties include: the plaintiff, the defendant, a petitioner or a  respondent. They can also be a cross-complainant (a defendant who sues someone else in the same lawsuit) or a cross-defendant (a person sued by a cross-complainant). A person who only appears in the case as a witness is not considered a party.

Courts use various terms to identify the role of a particular party in civil litigation. They usually call the party that brings a lawsuit as the plaintiff, or, in older American cases, the party of the first part. The party against whom the case was brought as the defendant, or, in older American cases, the party of the second part.

Related pages 
 Erga omnes
 Ex parte proceeding
 Inter partes proceeding
 Intervention (law)

References

Legal terms
Sir Augustine Danger "Austin" Powers, KBE, is a fictional character from the Austin Powers series of films. The character was created by Mike Myers. Mike Myers was also the actor who played the character in the films. He is the main character of Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997), Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999) and Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002).  He is a British spy.  He likes to go to parties and he represents the hippie culture of the 1960s.  This is because he and his opponent Dr. Evil, were frozen during an experiment, and they stayed frozen for many years.  The series' humor follows his attempts to adjust to the modern world as he continues to try to save it from terrorism.

Personality

Austin Powers was a character seen as a parody of James Bond.  The character was also influenced by Harry Palmer and characters played by Peter Sellers.
Development
The band Ming Tea was formed by Myers, Matthew Sweet and Susanna Hoffs during the 1990s. The band acted like a British band of the 1960s. The band members all performed under pseudonyms (fake names) with 1960s personas. Myers adopted the pseudonym and character of Austin Powers. This group made a number of live club and television performances in character. Myers' wife at the time, Robin Ruzan, encouraged him to write a film based on Austin Powers.

Obituaries of Simon Dee (1935–2009), the radio and television presenter, claimed that the character of Austin Powers was inspired by Dee's "Sixties grooviness". Mike Myers has stated that the "Austin Powers" character was based on his own father.
Other media
Video Games: Austin Powers, Austin Powers Pinball, Austin Powers: Welcome to my Underground Lair, Austin Powers: Oh Behave!, and Austin Powers: Operation Trivia.
 HBO purchased the rights to make a cartoon series based on the Austin Powers films in 1999. Despite announcing plans for a thirteen episode season, HBO never made the shows.

 Austin Powers has been used for advertising several products, such as Pepsi Cola.

 He also appears in the music videos for Madonna's "Beautiful Stranger", Beyoncé's "Work It Out" and Britney Spears' "Boys".

In popular culture
In 2010, Austin Powers was voted #23 in Entertainment Weekly's list "The 100 greatest characters of the last 20 years."

References

Austin Powers characters
Fictional British people
Fictional characters introduced in 1997
Fictional twins
Histrionic personality disorder in fiction
Michael C. Gross (October 4, 1945 – November 16, 2015) was an American artist, designer, and movie producer. From 1970 to 1974 he art-directed National Lampoon magazine, and subsequently co-ran a design company. 

In 1980 he started working in Hollywood. He is perhaps best remembered for designing the logo for the movie Ghostbusters, which was one of 11 movies on which he served as producer or executive producer.

Gross died on November 16, 2015 in Oceanside, California from cancer at the age of 70.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Mark's Very Large National Lampoon Site: Michael C. Gross 
 National Lampoon covers for 1970

1945 births
2015 deaths
American television producers
Artists from New York (state)
People from Newburgh, New York
Cancer deaths in San Diego County
Movie producers from New York (state)
Rahim Moeini Kermanshahi (, February 6, 1926 – November 17, 2015) was an Iranian poet and lyricist. He was one of the pioneering songwriters in the history of Persian traditional music. He was born in Kermanshah, Iran. During his 60 years dedication to Persian literature and poetry he published over 20 books and wrote the lyrics of about 500 songs.

Kermanshahi died at the age of 89 at a hospital in Tehran, Iran

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Iranian poets
People from Kermanshah Province
David Padilla Arancibia (August 13, 1927 – September 25, 2016) was a Bolivian politician and military general. He was the former de facto president of Bolivia. He ruled his country from November 1978  to August 1979.

Padilla died in La Paz on 25 September 2016, at the age of 89.

References

1927 births
2016 deaths
Generals
Presidents of Bolivia
South American military people
Walter Buser (14 April 1926 – 17 August 2019) was a Swiss politician from the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SDP). He was born in Lausen, Switzerland. He defeated his opponents and became the first Social Democratic Chancellor of Switzerland serving from 1981 until his resignation in 1991.

Buser died on 17 August 2019 at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2019 deaths
Federal Chancellors of Switzerland
People from Basel-Landschaft
Aaron Abraham Shikler (March 18, 1922 – November 12, 2015) was an American artist. He was known for his portraits of American statesmen and celebrities like Jane Engelhard and Sister Parish. He was mainly known for painting the official White House portraits of John F. Kennedy and Nancy Reagan. Shikler was born in Brooklyn, New York City.

Shikler died in Manhattan, New York City from renal failure, aged 93.

References

Other websites

 
 Brief biography at the Davis & Langdale gallery
 Renowned Painter Aaron Shikler Reveals Stories behind Famous White House Portraits

1922 births
2015 deaths
American painters
Artists from New York City
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in New York City
People from Brooklyn
Murray Albert Olmstead (September 4, 1926 – November 16, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Early life
Olmstead was born in a small town called Sceptre in Saskatchewan on September 4, 1926. in 1944, when he was 18, he moved to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, to play junior hockey.

Career
Olmstead began his career with the Black Hawks in 1949. In December 1950, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens via Detroit. Olmstead had his best statistical years playing for Montreal, leading the league in assists in 1954–55 with 48, and setting a league record for assists with 56 the following season. Olmstead was claimed in an Intra-League Draft by Toronto Maple Leafs in 1958, and played there until his retirement in 1962.
In the 1967–68 season, Olmstead served as coach of the expansion Oakland Seals. Olmstead played in the Stanley Cup final in 11 of his 14 seasons in the NHL, winning it five times. He won it four times with Montreal, in 1953, and from 1956 to 1958, and once with Toronto, in 1962, which was his last season. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985.

Death
Olmstead died at his home in High River, Alberta on November 16, 2015, due to complications after suffering a stroke. aged 89.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2015 deaths
Chicago Blackhawks players
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Alberta
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Montreal Canadiens players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Sason ( Sasun;  from ; formerly known as Sasun or Sassoun) is a district in the Batman Province of Turkey. It was formerly part of the sanjak of Siirt, which was in Diyarbakır vilayet until 1880. It was in Bitlis Vilayet in 1892. Later it became part of Muş sanjak in Bitlis vilayet. Sason remained part of Muş until 1927. It was one of the districts of Siirt province until 1993. The boundaries of the district varied considerably in time. The current borders are not the same as in the 19th century. This is when the district of Sasun was situated more to the north (mostly territory now included in the central district of Muş).

Sasun, as it is called by Armenians, holds a prominent role in Armenian culture and history. It is the setting of Daredevils of Sassoun, Armenia's national epic. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was a major location of Armenian fedayi activities, who staged two uprisings against the Ottoman authorities. They rebelled against the Kurdish tribes in 1894 and 1904.
History
Historically the area was known as Sasun, part of the historical Armenian Highland. Sasun was in the Arzanene province of the ancient Armenian Kingdom. Later the region was ruled by the Mamikonian dynasty from around 772 until 1189/1190. This is when the Mamikonians moved to Cilicia after being forced out by Shah-Armen.

The Ottoman period
The region was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Empire, becoming part of the sanjak of Muş in Bitlis Vilayet, and continued to hold a substantial population of Armenians.  During this period, Sason was a federation of some forty Armenian villages, whose inhabitants were known as Sasuntsis (). Surrounded by fierce Kurdish tribes to whom they were often forced to pay tribute, the Sasuntsis were able to maintain an autonomy free of Turkish rule until the end of the 19th century when the Kurds themselves were finally brought under government control. Proud warriors, the Sasuntsis made all their own weapons and relied on nothing from the outside world.
In 1893, about three to four thousand nomadic Kurds from the Diyarbakır area entered the Sason region. This incursion of nomads, who customarily used the mountain meadows of the area in summer for their herds, was harmful to the sedentary Armenians. The Kurds were responsible for bringing economic ruin to the agrarian community of the Armenian villagers. They would steal livestock and demand the Armenians to pay a second tax (that is, a separate tax in addition to the one Armenians paid to the Ottoman government). When Armenians decided to challenge the Kurds, there was a fight and a Kurd was killed. Using the Kurd's death as a reason, Turkish officials allowed a Kurdish attack against the Armenians of Sason.
The Kurds, however, were successfully driven off by the armed Armenian villagers. But that success was then seen as a possible threat by the Ottoman authorities. In 1894 the villagers refused to pay taxes unless the Ottoman authorities protected them against more Kurdish attacks and extortions. Instead, the government sent a force of about 3,000 soldiers and Kurdish irregulars to disarm the villagers. This ended in a general massacre of between 900 to 3,000 men, women and children. The "Sasun affair" was investigated by European Powers. This resulted in demands that Ottoman Turkey initiate reforms in the six "Armenian vilayets". Abdul Hamid II's response to those demands culminated in the anti-Armenian pogroms of 1895 and 1896.

As part of the Hamidian massacres, it is estimated that at least 1,000 Armenian villagers were slain in the Sason atrocity. This was caused by the buildup of Ottoman troops in early 1894. Officials and military officers involved in the Sason massacres were decorated and rewarded.
Modern Sason
Today, most of Sason's population is Kurd, Arab, or Zaza. An Armenian minority may still exist (in 1972 there were estimated to be some 6,000 Armenian villagers in the region).

References

Other websites 
 Armenian History and Presence in Sason
Muş Province () is a province in eastern Turkey. It is 8,196 km² in area, and has a population of 406,886 according to a 2010 estimate. The population was 453,654 in 2000. The provincial capital is the city of Muş. Another town in Muş province, Malazgirt (Manzikert), is famous for the Battle of Manzikert of 1071. The majority of the province's population is Kurdish.

Districts
Muş province is divided into 6 districts (capital district in bold):
Bulanık
Hasköy
Korkut
Malazgirt
Varto

References

Other websites 
 Governor's web site.
 Muş Weather Forecast Information 

Provinces of Turkey
Central Anatolia Region
Signed, Sealed & Delivered is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Stevie Wonder. It was released on August 7, 1970, by Tamla. It was also Wonder's third album to be released in 1970 as he had already released two live albums earlier on in the year.

Track listing

Side One
"Never Had a Dream Come True" (Stevie Wonder, Henry Cosby and Sylvia Moy) - 3:13
"We Can Work It Out" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) - 3:19
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours" (Lee Garrett, Lula Mae Hardaway, Stevie Wonder and Syreeta Wright) - 2:39
"Heaven Help Us All" (Ron Miller) - 3:13
"You Can't Judge a Book By Its Cover" (Henry Cosby, Pam Sawyer and Stevie Wonder) - 2:32
"Sugar" (Don Hunter and Stevie Wonder) - 2:52
Side Two
"Don't Wonder Why" (Leonard Caston) - 4:54
"Anything You Want Me To Do" (Hunter, Lula Mae Hardaway, Paul Riser and Stevie Wonder) - 2:19
"I Can't Let My Heaven Walk Away" (Joe Hinton and Pam Sawyer) - 2:53
"Joy (Takes Over Me)" (Duke Browner) - 2:12
"I Gotta Have a Song" (Don Hunter, Hardaway, Paul Riser and Stevie Wonder) - 2:32
"Something to Say" (Don Hunter and Stevie Wonder) - 3:26

References

1970 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Stevie Wonder albums
Where I'm Coming From is the thirteenth album by Stevie Wonder.  The album was released by Motown Records on April 12, 1971. It was his only album to be released in 1971 as Music of My Mind was released in 1972.

Track listing
All songs written by Stevie Wonder and Syreeta Wright

Side One
 "Look Around"  – 2:45
 "Do Yourself a Favor"  – 6:10
 "Think of Me as Your Soldier"  – 3:37
 "Something Out of the Blue"  – 2:59
 "If You Really Love Me"  – 3:00

Side Two
 "I Wanna Talk to You"  – 5:18
 "Take Up a Course in Happiness"  – 3:11
 "Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer"  – 2:53
 "Sunshine in Their Eyes"  – 6:58

References

1971 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Music of My Mind is the fourteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder.  It was released on March 3, 1972, by Tamla Records. Wonder would also release another studio album later on in 1972, called Talking Book.

Release and reception

Track listing

Side one 
 "Love Having You Around" (Wonder, Syreeta Wright) – 7:21
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, talk box, drums, Moog bass
 Art Baron – trombone
 Background Singers – uncredited
 "Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You)" – 8:08
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 Buzz Feiten – electric guitar
 "I Love Every Little Thing About You" – 3:46
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, bongos, Moog bass
 "Sweet Little Girl" – 4:54
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, keyboard, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums, Moog bass
 Background Singer - Syreeta (uncredited)
Side two 
 "Happier Than the Morning Sun" – 5:18
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Hohner clavinet, Moog bass
 "Girl Blue" (Wonder, Yvonne Wright) – 3:36
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, talk box, harmonica, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, percussion
 "Seems So Long" – 4:22
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, keyboards, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 "Keep On Running" – 6:40
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, Hohner clavinet, handclaps, drums, Moog bass
 Background Singers – uncredited
 "Evil" (Wonder, Y. Wright) – 3:33
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 Choir – uncredited

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References 

1972 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Talking Book is the fifteenth album by Stevie Wonder. It was released on October 28, 1972 by Tamla. It was also his second album to be released in 1972 as Music of My Mind had been released just months before it. The album is also known for the hit "Superstition".

Track listing
Side one
 "You Are The Sunshine Of My Life" (Wonder) – 2:58
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums
Jim Gilstrap – first lead vocal, background vocal
Lani Groves – second lead vocal, background vocal
Gloria Barley – background vocal
Scott Edwards – electric bass
Daniel Ben Zebulon – congas
 "Maybe Your Baby" (Wonder) – 6:51
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Ray Parker Jr. – electric guitar
 "You and I (We Can Conquer the World)" (Wonder) – 4:39
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 "Tuesday Heartbreak" (Wonder) – 3:02
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender rhodes, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
David Sanborn – alto saxophone
Deniece Williams – background vocal
Shirley Brewer – background vocal
 "You've Got It Bad Girl" (Wonder, Yvonne Wright) – 4:56
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Jim Gilstrap – background vocal
Lani Groves – background vocal
Daniel Ben Zebulon – congas
Side two
 "Superstition" (Wonder) – 4:26
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Trevor Laurence – tenor saxophone
Steve Madaio – trumpet
 "Big Brother" (Wonder) – 3:34
Stevie Wonder – lead vocals, Hohner clavinet, drums, harmonica, Moog bass
 "Blame It On the Sun" (Wonder, Syreeta Wright) – 3:26
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Jim Gilstrap – background vocal
Lani Groves – background vocal
Uncredited – guitar
 "Lookin' for Another Pure Love" (Wonder, S. Wright) – 4:44
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass
Debra Wilson – background vocal
Shirley Brewer – background vocal
Loris Harvin (Delores Harvin) – background vocal
Jeff Beck – electric guitar
Buzz Feiten (Howard "Buzz" Feiten) – electric guitar
 "I Believe (When I Fall in Love It Will Be Forever)" (Wonder, Y. Wright) – 4:51
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Personnel
 Malcolm Cecil - Programming, Engineer, Associate Producer
 Robert Margouleff - Engineer, Associate Producer, Photography
 Austin Godsey - Engineer, Recording
 Joan Decola - Recording
 George Marino - Mastering

References

1972 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Stevie Wonder albums
The Dutchess is the debut studio album by American recording artist Fergie. It was released on September 13, 2006, by A&M Records and the will.i.am Music Group. Musically, The Dutchess is mainly a hip hop and R&B album that also has roots in reggae, dance and soul. The name is also a references to Sarah Ferguson, the real Duchess of York. They share a surname and nickname of Fergie. The title had media attention.

Three of the album's songs ("London Bridge", "Glamorous", and "Big Girls Don't Cry") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.  "Fergalicious" and "Clumsy" also reached the top five in the US.

Reviews

The Dutchess received mixed to positive reviews from music critics.

Track listings 

Notes
  signifies a vocal producer

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

The Dutchess EP

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2006 albums
Debut albums
Hip hop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
We Invented the Remix is a remix album by P. Diddy with the Bad Boy Family, released on May 14, 2002. It features remixes of hit singles by artists from Diddy's Bad Boy Records record label. The album reached the top of the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart for a week and was later certified Platinum for shipments of over 1,000,000 copies. The album also reached #17 in the UK on the UK Albums Chart. The album featured the hit singles "I Need a Girl (Part 1)", which reached #2 in the U.S., and "I Need a Girl (Part 2)", which reached #4, a rare occurrence of both parts of the same song both becoming big hits. This was the last album Bad Boy would release under the Arista Records label.

Track listing

Chart positions

Other websites
We Invented the Remix lyrics

Remix albums
2002 albums
Don't Disturb This Groove may refer to:
 "Don't Disturb This Groove" (song), a 1987 song by The System
 Don't Disturb This Groove (album), a 1987 album by The System
Don't Disturb This Groove is the fourth studio album recorded by American R&B/electropop band The System. Released by Atlantic Records in 1987, the album became a highlight of The System's career, as it has been the most commercially successful album, surpassing their hugely successful debut, Sweat.  It reached No. 62 on the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on the R&B Albums chart. The album was produced by its band members, David Frank and Mic Murphy.

Successful singles from this album include the band's first (and to date, only) top 10 hit on the pop charts with the contemporary R&B ballad title track, "Don't Disturb This Groove" and urban hit "Nighttime Lover".

Doug E. Fresh is featured on the track "House of Rhythm".

Track listing 
All songs written by David Frank & Mic Murphy, except "Come as You Are (Superstar)" written by Frank, Murphy, and Paul Pesco.
Personnel
Audrey Wheeler, Dolette McDonald, Fonzi Thornton, Michelle Cobbs, Phillip Ballou – backing vocals
Omar Hakim – drums on "Save Me"
Ira Siegel, Steve Stevens – electric guitar
Paul Pesco  – electric guitar
Jimmy Maelen – percussion
Mic Murphy – producer, electric guitar on "Modern Girl," lead vocals, backing vocals
David Frank – producer, keyboards, drums
Andy Snitzer – saxophone
Doug E. Fresh – Human Beat Box Rappin' on "House of Rhythm"
B.J. Nelson – solo vocals on "Don't Disturb this Groove" and "Didn't I Blow Your Mind," backing vocals
Howard Jones - solo vocals on "Didn't I Blow Your Mind," backing vocals
New West Horns - Horns

Chart positions

References 

1987 albums
The MacBook Retina is a laptop computer made by Apple Inc.. It was introduced in March 2015. It was released on April 4, 2015.

Design 
The MacBook Retina is designed to be thin. It is 13.1 mm at its thickest point. It has an Intel Core M processor, which is designed for computers like this and does not need a fan or something else to cool it. It has a 12-inch 2304x1440 "Retina Display", a keyboard, and a trackpad that is able to do different things if you put more pressure on it. It has a different battery than in other Apple devices because it is so thin. It has one USB "Type C" port, and a headphone jack.

References 

MacBook
Donald Edwin "Don" Young (June 9, 1933 – March 18, 2022) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was the U.S. Representative for  from 1973 until 2022.

Young became Dean of the United States House of Representatives on December 5, 2017 after the resignation of John Conyers of Michigan. 

Young died while on flight near Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in SeaTac, Washington on March 18, 2022, aged 88, while traveling from Los Angeles to Alaska.

References

Other websites
 Congressman Don Young  official U.S. House site
 Don Young for Congress
 
 
 
 , House Natural Resources Committee, Nov 18, 2011

1933 births
2022 deaths
Episcopalians
Deans of the United States House of Representatives
United States representatives from Alaska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Politicians from California
Educators from California
Educators from Alaska
Daniel Scott "Dan" Sullivan (born November 13, 1964) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He became the junior United States Senator from Alaska in January 2015.

References

Other websites
  Senator Dan Sullivan  official U.S. Senate site
 Dan Sullivan for Senate
 
 
 

1964 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
American colonels
Harvard University alumni
Military people from Ohio
Businesspeople from Anchorage, Alaska
Businesspeople from Ohio
Politicians from Ohio
United States senators from Alaska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Anchorage, Alaska
"Don't Disturb This Groove" is a song by American synthpop/R&B duo The System. It is from the 1987 album of the same name. The song was written by The System's David Frank and Mic Murphy. It was released as the album's first single. 

In May 1987, the song reached number one on the Billboard R&B Singles chart, spending one week on top. It was later a hit on the pop chart during the summer of 1987. It peaked at number four on the Hot 100 chart in July. The song officially became the number one song of the summer of 1987.

References 

Synth-pop
R&B music
Administrative law (also called  regulatory law) covers a wide range of procedures by administrative agencies. These agencies include city, county, state or federal government bodies. They may be called commissions, departments, divisions or boards.  

Each may have its own rules and regulations which are usually not found in statutes. These are based on laws passed by a government. Agencies also have the power to enforce these rules and regulations.

United States 
Congress or state legislatures pass laws, sometimes on complicated issues. The details of how these laws are to be enforced is left to administrative agencies. For example, a government agency, the Social Security Administration (SSA) was created August 14, 1935 by an act of Congress. They were given the authority to administer Social Security benefits and disability laws. They have passed a body of rules and regulations that determine how benefits will be handled.
European Union 
The rules created by the European Union are carried out by an ad hoc collection of agencies. These rules may be for a particular treaty or for things such as trade policy. These agencies evolve on a policy-by-policy basis.

References 

Types of law
The blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) is a small, short-tailed pheasant. It fairly common in the eastern Himalayas. Its range is across the northern parts of India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The total number of birds is slowly decreasing. For this reason the species has been evaluated as Least Concern by IUCN in 2009. It is the national bird of the former kingdom of Sikkim. The blood pheasant is the only species in the genus Ithaginis of the pheasant family.

Habitat
Blood pheasants like to live in coniferous or mixed forests and scrub areas near the snowline. They move their range depending on the seasons. They are found at higher elevations during the summer.

References

Birds of Asia
Phasianidae
Malvin Greston Whitfield (October 11, 1924 – November 18, 2015) was an American former athlete and goodwill ambassador. He was the Olympic champion in the 800 metres at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. Overall, he is a five-time Olympic medalist (three gold, one silver, one bronze).

Whitfield was born in Bay City, Texas. He moved at age 4 to Watts, Los Angeles. He joined the United States Army Air Forces in 1943 as a member of the Tuskegee Airmen. After World War II he remained in the military, but also enrolled at the Ohio State University. He served inn the Korean War. Whitfield died under hospice care in Washington, D.C. on the night of November 18, 2015 from heart failure, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Mal Whitfield's profile at Sports Reference.com
1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
African-American track and field athletes
Ambassadors of the United States
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of World War II
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Military people from California
Military people from Texas
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Sportspeople from Texas
Abdelhamid Abaaoud (8 April 1987 – 18 November 2015) was a Belgian Islamic terrorist. He spent his early years in a nicer household, went to a private college and decided to join ISIS After his family advised against his decision. After which His Family disowned him stating that they hope That He was dead .He was suspected of having organized multiple terror attacks in Belgium and France, including the November 2015 Paris attacks. He also went by the names Abou Omar Soussi (, meaning "from Sous", his Moroccan family's place of origin) and Abou Omar el-Beljiki (, meaning Abou Omar the Belgian).

On 18 November French authorities conducted a raid which ended in the injury of five police officers, two deaths and five arrests. The raid took place in the suburb of Saint-Denis, near Paris, and targeted Abaaoud. Abaaoud was one of those who died in the raid.

References

1987 births
2015 deaths
People from Brussels-Capital Region
Islamic State people
Kidnappers
People shot dead by law enforcement officers
Robbers
Thieves
Belgian criminals
Battery is the intentional and offensive or harmful contact with another person. The exact definition varies by jurisdiction. In criminal law the elements of battery are physical contact that causes harm or offensive contact without that person's consent. Battery is often confused with assault which is threatening battery. Battery is when the threat (assault) is carried out and the person is harmed in some way. Criminal battery and civil battery may be the same or differ slightly depending on jurisdiction. In many cases the act of battery can result in both criminal and civil liability.

Civil vs Criminal battery 
Civil battery is a tort. It is a wrong committed against another person that results in damage. It is also called an intentional tort. In most cases they are the result of negligence, caused by carelessness or recklessness. The person on whom the battery was committed, the victim, may bring a lawsuit in court to collect monetary damages.
Criminal battery is the result of breaking a law regarding harming another person. Criminal cases are prosecuted by the state. There are four elements to criminal battery:
 Touching which is harmful or offensive.
 Contact was to the victim's person.
 Intent, that the act was deliberate.
 Causation, that something happened as a result of the act. 
If all four elements can be proved, a prima facie case exists to go ahead and prosecute the offender.

In most cases the civil lawsuit follows a criminal trial. A person found not-guilty in a criminal trial does not prevent the victim from filing a civil suit. The burden of proof is usually lower in a civil court than in a criminal court.
Aggravated battery vs simple battery 
When a court refers to 'battery', what is usually meant is simple battery. Simple battery is more often a misdemeanor. The elements of simple battery include:
 The use of force that is unauthorized or unlawful.
 Battery to the person of another.
 There is a physical injury or touching in an offensive manner.

Aggravated battery is more serious than simple battery. In most jurisdictions aggravated battery is a felony.  What defines aggravated battery can vary, but most often in includes:
 The use of a deadly weapon. 
 Cases where the result is serious bodily injury.
 The battery involves a hate crime
 Battery is committed against a vulnerable person: a child, an elderly person, or a pregnant woman.
 Battery committed against police officer is it usually considered aggravated battery.

References 

Violence
Types of crime
Salatyn Aziz qizi Asgarova (; ; 16 December 1961 – 9 January 1991) is a National Hero of Azerbaijan. She was one of the Azerbaijani journalists killed in the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Legacy
A Baku street and a ship in the Caspian Sea are named after her.

A monument in her memory was erected at Tafakkur University in Baku.

She was given the National Hero title after her death. Salatyn was buried in the Martyrs' Lane in Baku.

References

1961 births
1991 deaths
Azerbaijani journalists
National Hero of Azerbaijan
Murders by firearm
People from Baku
Shadi Sadr (; born 1974) is an Iranian human rights lawyer, journalist, and activist for women's rights.  In 2010 Sadr received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 

Shadi Sadr was born in Tehran, Iran in 1974. She studied law, and she received a master's degree in international law from Tehran University in 1999. In 2009, Sadr went to live in Germany.

Work 

Sadr is an expert on women's legal rights in Iran. She was director of Raahi, a legal advice center for women.  It is now closed.  Sadr also started Women in Iran, a website about women's rights in Iran.  As a lawyer, she defended several women activists and journalists in court, after they were sentenced to death.

Sadr worked to stop capital punishment by stoning, especially of women.  The name of this project was End Stoning Forever. This project was started by Women's Field, a women's rights group. 

After the Bam earthquake in 2003, Sadr helped collect food and supplies for women and children in the area.
Sadr was the defense lawyer for Shiva Nazar Ahari, a human rights activist and member of the Committee of Human Rights Reporters.  Nazar Ahari was arrested on 14 June 2009. and is believed to be in Evin Prison.

First arrest 

In March 2007, the Iranian government arrested 33 women, including Shadi Sadr.  The women were protesting against the trial of five women who demonstrated for women's rights in the One Million Signatures protest of 12 June 2006. Sadr was in jail for fifteen days.  Then she was freed on bail with Mahbubeh Abbasgholizadeh.

Second arrest
Second arrest 

On 17 July 2009, Shadi Sadr was arrested again.  She was going to Friday prayers with other female activists. Some military men in civilian clothes stopped her.  They did not say who they were.  They beat her and put her in a car. She got away, but they got her again and put her in the car again.  Then they took her somewhere, although she did not know where they took her, she was later able to call her husband. She was released 11 days later on July 28, 2009.

Awards 

In 2004, Sadr received the Ida B. Wells Award for Bravery in Journalism from Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the 21st Century.
In 2009, she received the Lech Walesa Prize for human rights, freedom of expression, and democracy in Iran from the Lech Walesa Institute Foundation.

She received a Dutch human rights prize, the Human Rights Defenders Tulip, on November 9, 2009.

In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Women's Field
 Interview with Shadi Sadr: Collecting Evidence for Crimes against Humanity 
 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1974 births
Living people
Iranian human rights activists
Iranian lawyers
Iranian journalists
BBC 100 Women
Neurosecretion is when nerve cells make, store and release hormones. 

The hormonal system of the body is almost entirely controlled by the central nervous system. It normally does this by sending nerve impulses down axons to a gland. However, some special nerve cells can make hormones themselves, and deliver them to glands which act as storage organs. The neurons of the neuroendocrine system are large; they are mini factories for producing secretory products. These cells are called neurosecretory cells, and they make neurohormones.

Most neurohormones are secreted from nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the brain which (either immediately, or after storage) circulate in the blood. They are similar to normal endocrine cells and glands because they regulate both endocrine and nonendocrine cells. 

There are also neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal glands, which are just above the kidneys. They are called chromaffin cells, and they release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
References 

Neuroendocrinology
An ironclad is a ship protected by iron or steel armor plates. The first recorded use of an ironclad was during the Japanese invasion of Korea. Western use of ironclads began about the second half of the 19th century. The Western ironclad  was developed because up to then wooden warships were easily damaged by explosive or incendiary shells.
History 
In 1592 Admiral Yi-Sun put armor plates on his "tortoise-ships". These protected the sides and top from bullets, arrows and fire. This allowed his small fleet to be victorious in several battles with the ese fleet. The first Western ironclad battleship, "Gloire", was launched by the French Navy in November 1859. The British Admiralty had been considering armored warships since 1856. They prepared a draft design for an armored corvette in 1857. In early 1859 the Royal Navy started building two iron-hulled armored frigates, and by 1861 had made the decision to move to an all-armored battle fleet. After the first clashes of ironclads (both with wooden ships and with one another) took place in 1862 during the American Civil War. It became clear that the ironclad had replaced the unarmored ship of the line as the most powerful warship afloat. This type of ship would come to be very successful in the American Civil War.
By the 1870s, ironclads were the main warships of the world's most powerful Navies. But the ironclad era only lasted about 50 years. By the 1890s most sailing ironclads had been replaced by modern battleships.

References 

Warships
The Noble Orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) is a cold hardy evergreen Orchid. It is a dwarf plant that blooms in the spring. Its petals are green, yellow-green or brown. It has pseudobulbs found below ground. The leaves are long and grass-like with serrated edges. It is found growing as far north as Okushiri Island (42 degrees north latitude). It can stand freezing temperatures over the winter months. It has been grown in China for over 2500 years, dating back before the time of Confucius. In Japan it has been cultivated for several hundred years. In Europe the earliest records date it to 1780.

References 

Orchids