Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
On 17 December 1952, Giscard d'Estaing married Anne-Aymone Sauvage de Brantes. His family did not live in the presidential Élysée Palace during his presidency. In 1974, Le Monde reported that he used to leave a letter about where he was in case of an emergency.

In May 2020, Giscard d'Estaing was accused of touching a German journalist's buttocks during an interview in 2018. He denied the accusations, saying that he never did this, however apologised to the reporter.

In 2005, he and his brother bought the castle of Estaing. However, many newspapers in different countries why they bought with many believing they wanted to become French nobility. It was put up for sale in 2008 for €3 million It is now owned by the Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Foundation.
Giscard d'Estaing wrote his second romantic novel, published on 1 October 2009 in France, titled The Princess and the President. It tells the story of a French leader having a romantic affair with a character called Patricia, Princess of Cardiff. This caused many rumours that the book was based on a real-life affair between Giscard d'Estaing and Diana, Princess of Wales. He later said that such an affair never happened and that the book was fictional.

Death
On 14 September 2020, Giscard d'Estaing was hospitalised for breathing problems at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris. He was later diagnosed with a lung infection. He was hospitalised again on 15 November, but left the hospital on 20 November.

Giscard d'Estaing died of problems caused by COVID-19 on 2 December 2020 during the pandemic in France at his Authon, Loir-et-Cher home, aged 94. His funeral and burial was held on 5 December in Authon with forty people going the event.
President Emmanuel Macron released a statement calling Giscard d'Estaing a "servant of the state, a politician of progress and freedom". Macron declared a national day of mourning for Giscard d'Estaing on 9 December. Former presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande, 2017 presidential candidate Marine Le Pen, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and European Union leaders Charles Michel, David Sassoli, and Ursula von der Leyen all talked positively about Giscard d'Estaing's role in modernising France and relations with the European Union.

Honours and awards

Giscard d'Estaing was honoured with the Grand-croix of the Legion of Honour and of the Ordre National du Mérite.
In 1966, he was made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic. In 1973, Giscard d'Estaing was honored with the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. In 1975, Giscard d'Estaing was honoured with Portugal's Grand Collar of the Order of Saint James of the Sword. In 1976, he was honoured with the Order of the Bath, and Order of the Southern Cross. 

In 1978, Giscard d'Estaing was made Knight of the Order of the Elephant and honoured with the Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry by Portugal. That same year, he was honored with the Order of Charles III by Spain. In 1980, Giscard d'Estaing was honoured with the Order of the Seraphim.

In 1979, he was given the Nansen Refugee Award. 

In 2003, Giscard d'Estaing received the Charlemagne Award of the German city of Aachen. He was also a Knight of Malta.

References

Other websites

  Biography on the French National Assembly website
  First and second-round results of French presidential elections
1926 births
2020 deaths
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Politicians from Rhineland-Palatinate
Presidents of France
Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi
French Ministers of Finance
French military people
French Roman Catholics
Princes of Andorra
Anti-communists
French novelists
French mayors
Mohammad Hasan Sharq (born 17 July 1925) is an Afghan politician during the communist regime of Afghanistan. Sharq became Prime Minister of Afghanistan or Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet-backed government, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

He was selected as a back-up candidate after the Loya Jirga ratified a new constitution in 1987. However, the power of his office was relatively small compared with the ones of the Presidency.

References

1925 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Afghanistan
Abdelsalam Atalla al-Majali (   ; 18 February 1925 – 3 January 2023) was a Jordanian medical doctor and politician. He served twice as the Prime Minister of Jordan.

References

1925 births
2023 deaths
Prime Ministers of Jordan
Physicians
Chau Sen Cocsal (; 1 September 1905 – 22 January 2009), also known as "Chhum" (), was a Cambodian civil servant and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Cambodia for a short period of time in 1962. Chhum was  old at the time of his death. This makes him the oldest lived former Prime Minister.

References

Other websites

 De Lopez, T.T. (2009). "A final goodbye to Cambodia's last great civil servant", Phnom Penh Post, 28 January
 Norodom Sihamoni (2009). "Lettre de SM Norodom Sihamoni du Cambodge à Lok Chumtiev Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", 22 January.
 
 Pomonti, J.C (2009). "Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum Mémoire d'un siècle". Cambodge Soir, 68, 29 January - 4 February
 Royal Palace (2009). "Biographie de Samdech Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

1905 births
2009 deaths
Centenarians
Prime Ministers of Cambodia
Antoine Pinay (; 30 December 1891 – 13 December 1994) was a French conservative politician. He served as Prime Minister of France from March 1952 through March 1953.

He was also Minister of Public Works, Transport, Tourism, Finance, Economic and Foreign Affairs.

He died in Saint-Chamond, Loire, at the age of 102. He is the third longest-lived national head of government or head of state in history, behind Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum and Celâl Bayar.

References

1891 births
1994 deaths
French centenarians
People from Rhône (department)
Prime Ministers of France
French Ministers of Finance
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Willem Drees (; July 5, 1886 – May 14, 1988) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and its predecessor the SDAP. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 7, 1948 until December 22, 1958.

Before entering national politics Drees was a member of the municipal council and also an alderman of The Hague. During this time he was also a member of the Provincial States of South Holland.

Drees was an active performer of Esperanto.

References

Other websites

  Biography at Parlement.com
1886 births
1988 deaths
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Martin E. Sullivan (February 9, 1944 – February 25, 2014) was an American museum director. He served as Director of the United States National Portrait Gallery from 2008 to 2012. This gallery is administered by the Smithsonian Institution.   

Sullivan died of kidney failure. He was aged 70.

References

1944 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American historians
People from New York (state)
Timothy Collins "Tim" Wilson (August 5, 1961 – February 26, 2014) was an American stand-up comedian and country musician. He released many comedy albums. He worked with Capitol Records in Nashville. He made many appearances on the John Boy and Billy, Big D and Bubba and Bob and Tom Show.

Wilson died from a heart attack. He was aged 52.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Tim Wilson at MySpace
 CMT profile

1961 births
2014 deaths
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state)
Comedians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Columbus, Georgia
The country-western dance (also country dance or cowboy) is dancing that is performed mostly to country music. It is also called kicker dancing in Texas. There are several forms of it.

The western couple dance is social dancing that involves several people. Other dances include line dance and square dancing.

Other versions of the dance include:

The East Coast Swing
The West Coast Swing

The dance dates back to the late 18th century.

Dances
Anjem Choudary (; born 1967) is a British former solicitor and Islam preacher. He was the leader and spokesman for the Islamist group Islam4UK until it was banned under the Terrorism Act 2000.

Choudary was born in Welling, London to Pakistani parents. He is married to Rubana Akhtar. As of 2006, the couple have three children.

References

Other websites

 

1967 births
Living people
Al-Qaeda people
British lawyers
British Muslims
Criminals from London
Islamic State people
Aaron Allston (December 8, 1960 – February 27, 2014) was an American game designer and writer of many science fiction books. He was best known for his Star Wars novels. His works as a game designer include mostly role-playing games (RPGs). He several of the RPGs served to create the basis for products and following development of TSR's Dungeons & Dragons game setting Mystara. He was born in Corsicana, Texas.

Allston collapsed after having a massive heart failure on December 8, 1960 during a VisionCon in Springfield, Missouri. He died later that day at the age of 53.

References

Other websites

 Aaron Allston at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

1960 births
2014 deaths
American movie directors
American science fiction writers
Deaths from heart failure
American video game designers
Writers from Texas
The movie Son of God is a biographical movie. It was released February 28, 2014. It is about the life and death of Jesus Christ. This movie has a run time of 138 minutes.

The MPAA rated the movie PG-13. Reviews of the movie were not good.

2010s biographical movies
2014 drama movies
American drama movies
Grinding (also called freaking or freak dancing) is a dance where two or more people rub or bump their bodies against one another. It became popular in night clubs. The dance then moved into high schools across the United States and Canada.

Schools have tried to ban grinding because it is very sexual.

A dance similar to grinding is "The Bump", which was popular in the 1970s. Another is the twerk, which became popular through the 2000s into the 2010s.

Dances
Lipovica (, ) is a village in Kosovo. It is near the city of Lipljan. It is next to the Blinaja Park, where people go hunting.

Villages in Europe
Settlements in Kosovo
Settlements in Serbia
Hugo Brandt Corstius (29 August 1935 – 28 February 2014) was a Dutch journalist, columnist and writer. He known for his success in both literature and science. He was born in Eindhoven, North Brabant.

Brandt Corstius died after a long illness on 28 February 2014 in Amsterdam, North Holland. He was 78 years old. He was outlived by his children, journalists Aaf (born 1975) and Jelle (born 1978).

References

Other websites

 

1935 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in the Netherlands
Dutch academics
Dutch columnists
Dutch computer scientists
Dutch journalists
Dutch mathematicians
Linguists
People from Eindhoven
Writers from North Brabant
Bark bread is a form of bread used during a famine. It made by adding ground phloem to the flour as an extender to make it last longer.

During the 18th and early 19th century Northern Europe had several very bad years of crop failure. This was  particularly during the Little Ice Age of the mid 18th century. The grain harvest was badly affected. Many ideas to make the flour last longer were introduced. In 1742, samples of “emergency bread” were sent from Kristiansand, Norway to the Royal Administration in Copenhagen. One of these was bark bread. This is bread made from grain husks and bread made from burned bones. During the Napoleonic Wars, moss too was used for food.
The last time bark bread was used as famine food in Norway was during the Napoleonic Wars. The introduction of the potato as a staple crop gave the farmers other crops when grain production failed. So that bark bread and moss cakes were no longer needed. In Northern Sweden, traces of Sami harvest of bark from Scots pine are known from the 1890s. In Finland pettuleipä (literally "pinewood-bark bread") was produced as a substitute for bread during the Finnish Civil War of 1918.

References 

Breads
Kolari is a municipality in Finnish Lapland. It had almost 3,900 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kittilä, Muonio, Pello and Rovaniemi. Ilpo Väisänen planned the railway station building.

Other websites 

 The official page

Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Pudasjärvi is a town and municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 8,510 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Ii, Oulu, Posio, Puolanka, Ranua, Suomussalmi, Taivalkoski and Utajärvi.

Other websites 

 The official Pudasjärvi page

Municipalities of North Ostrobothnia
The Praça Raul Soares is a large public square in the city of Belo Horizonte, in Brazil. It is built in the French style. It is located where four major roads meet. The roads are Amazonas, Augusto de Lima, Bias Fortes and Olegário Maciel. The square is named in honor of the former governor of Minas Gerais, Raul Soares de Moura. 

In 2008, the square was renovated. The flowerbeds, sidewalks and fountains were fixed up. Some trees were replaced, lamp posts were resized, and advertisements were removed or adjusted. The walks were improved to provide easier access for disabled and blind people. This was paid for by the city's government. It cost about $2,600,000 U.S. dollars. The project aimed to make the square safer and easier for pedestrians.

Belo Horizonte
Town squares in Brazil
This List of Docklands Light Railway stations shows the stations for each Docklands Light Railway route. It also shows the distance of the station from the start of the line.

Route 1: Bank to Lewisham
Route 2: Bank to Woolwich Arsenal
Route 3: Tower Gateway to Beckton
Route 4: Stratford International to Woolwich Arsenal
Route 5: Stratford International to Beckton
Route 6: Stratford to Lewisham
Note - These route numbers are Wikipedia route numbers.

References

London-related lists
Rail transport lists
Puolanka is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland. It had 3,000 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hyrynsalmi, Paltamo, Pudasjärvi, Ristijärvi, Suomussalmi, Utajärvi  and Vaala.

Some villages
Aittokylä, Askankylä, Leipivaara, Lylykylä, Naulaperä,Puolanka, Väyrylä, and Yli-Oterma.

Other websites 

 Municipality

Municipalities of Kainuu
Vaala is a municipality in North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 3,195 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Liminka, Muhos, Paltamo, Puolanka, Siikalatva and Utajärvi.

Previously, Vaala was part of the Kainuu region but was changed to Northern Ostrobothnia on 1 January 2016.

Other websites 

 Municipality 

Municipalities of North Ostrobothnia
Paltamo is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland. It had about 3,600 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo and Vaala.

Other websites 

 Municipality

Municipalities of Kainuu
The Lambada is a dance from Brazil. It is sometimes called the "forbidden dance". It started in the late 1970s. It became most popular in the 1980s. Its popularity was mostly in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

The Lambada is a dance for two people. The dance is done with bent legs. Steps are usually side to side, with turns. There are pronounced movements for the hips. Around the time the Lambada became popular, the women often wore short skirts. These skirts swirl up when the woman turns. Sometimes the woman's thong underwear is seen during the turns.

Dances
Praça Sete de Setembro (in English: Sete de Setembro Square, and normally called Praça Sete) is a public square in the center of the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

It is located at the intersection of two major roads, Afonso Pena and Amazonas, and by the streets Rio de Janeiro and Carijós.

References 

Sete de Setembro
Town squares in Brazil
Ashlee Nicole DeLoach (or Nikki; born September 9, 1979) is an American actress and former singer. She was on The Mickey Mouse Club in the 1990s. She also played Lily in the 2008 version of An American Carol.

DeLoach was born in Waycross, Georgia.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
1979 births
Living people
The Luby's massacre was a mass murder on October 16, 1991, which took place at a Luby's restaurant in Killeen, Texas, United States.

George Hennard, a thirty-five year old man, drove his blue 1987 Ford Ranger pickup truck through the front window of a Luby's restaurant. He yelled "This is what Bell County did to me!" and started shooting customers and staff members with a Glock 17 and a Ruger P89. He shot and killed 23 people, ten of them with a single shot to the head. He also wounded 20 other people. Hennard had a dislike of women and survivors of the shooting said that he went by men to shoot the women. He also announced that "All women of Killeen and Belton are vipers!" He exchanged gunfire with police officers, hid in a bathroom and committed suicide.

One of the survivors of the massacre was former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives Suzanna Hupp. Both her parents were killed in the shooting.
Until the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, it was the deadliest shooting rampage in American history. It is now the sixth deadliest in the United States.

After the massacre, the Texas Legislature passed a shall-issue gun law in 1995, which required all qualifying applicants be issued a Concealed Handgun License (which is Texas' required permit to carry concealed weapons). To qualify for a license, the person must be free-and-clear of crimes, attend a minimum 10-hour class which is taught by a state-certified instructor, pass a 50-question test, show a high amount of skill in a 50-round shooting test, and must pass two background tests, one shallow and one deep. The license costs $140 for a four year license and applicants have to pay $10 for fingerprinting as well as instructor costs which vary. The law was campaigned by shooting survivor Suzanna Hupp and was signed by then-Governor George W. Bush.
The restaurant closed down on September 9, 2000. A Chinese-American buffet called Yank Sing is now located where the Luby's used to be.

References

1991 in the United States
1990s in Texas
1990s murders in the United States
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1990s
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
Attacks on restaurants
Disasters in Texas
Mass murder in the 1990s
Mass murder in Texas
Mass shootings in Texas
Massacres in the United States

Murder-suicides in the United States
Murders by firearm in Texas
October events
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Edward Joseph Walsh (March 5, 1942 – February 14, 2014) was an American journalist. He reported on politics. He made news reports from foreign countries. He worked for The Washington Post and The Oregonian.

Walsh was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the College of St. Thomas.

He died in Portland, Oregon, from lung cancer. He was aged 71.

References

Other websites
 Obituary in The Oregonian
 Walsh recaps career for The Oregonian (2009)
 "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night"

1942 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American journalists
American editors
Writers from Chicago
Lesterville is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 127 people lived there at the 2010 census. Lesterville became a city in 1883.

References

Towns in South Dakota
1883 establishments in Dakota Territory
Lee Konitz (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American jazz composer and alto saxophonist. He was thought to be one of the main people involved in the cool jazz movement. Konitz has also performed successfully in bebop and experimental jazz.

Konitz was born in Chicago.

Konitz died in New York City on April 15, 2020 of COVID-19.

References

Other websites

 A 1985 interview 
 Lee Konitz: 12 Memorable Duets  by Thierry Quénum (Jazz.com)
 Lee Konitz Trio: Live At The Village Vanguard by NPR

1927 births
2020 deaths
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
Musicians from Chicago
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City
Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7, 1930) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Rollins is widely known as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. A number of his compositions, such as "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards.

Rollins was born in New York City.

References

Other websites

Sonny Rollins Official Website

Kennedy Center honorees
1930 births
Living people
American jazz musicians
American composers
American saxophonists
Musicians from New York City
20th-century American musicians
Philip Wells Woods (November 2, 1931 – September 29, 2015) was an American jazz bebop alto saxophonist, clarinetist, bandleader and composer. Woods was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Woods died from emphysema on September 29, 2015 in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. He was 83.

References

 Gonzalez, Henry (1990). The Armadillo Years: A Visual History
 Nisenson, Eric (1996).  Round About Midnight — A Portrait of Miles Davis (2nd ed.). Da Capo: Printing Press.  .

Other websites

Official site

1931 births
2015 deaths
American jazz musicians
American clarinetists
American composers
American saxophonists
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Musicians from Massachusetts
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Utica is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 65 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in South Dakota
Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States on January 20, 1981. This inauguration was the beginning of Reagan's eight years as President. George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as Vice President.

Reagan took the oath of office at the inauguration ceremony. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger gave the oath.

On the same day, hostages from the Iran hostage crisis are released as Reagan is sworn in as President.

Related pages
United States presidential election, 1980
Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan

References

Other websites
 Full text of the speech
 Full text, video, and audio of the speech
 New York Times coverage of the 1981 presidential inauguration

1981 in the United States
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Reagan, Ronald
Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States in January 1985. This was the beginning of Reagan's second term as President. George H. W. Bush was also inaugurated as Vice President for the second time.

There were two separate ceremonies. A private ceremony was held on January 20, and another was held publicly on January 21. This was done because the normal day for a Presidential inauguration, January 20, was a Sunday. 

Reagan was sworn in as President during the private ceremony. It was held in the Grand Foyer of the White House. It was broadcast on television. The next day, Reagan took the oath in public under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger.

Related pages
First inauguration of Ronald Reagan
1984 United States presidential election

References

1985 in the United States
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Reagan, Ronald
Reagan Ronald
Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Obama as President and of Joe Biden as Vice President. The oath of office was given by Chief Justice John G. Roberts on the Lincoln Bible.

The ceremony was attended by more people than any event held in Washington, D.C. Based on the combined numbers of people there, people watching it on television and the Internet, it was one of the most-watched events ever by the global audience.

Barack Obama
Obama, Barack
2009 in Washington, D.C.
January events
The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd president of the United States was held on January 20, 1993. This was the beginning of the first term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President.

The ceremony took place at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Clinton was the first president elected after the Cold War period. He was the first Democrat elected in 16 years.

Clinton and Gore took over from outgoing President George H. W. Bush and outgoing Vice President Dan Quayle.

References

1993 in the United States
Clinton, Bill
Clinton, Bill
Bill Clinton
Anika Noni Rose (born September 6, 1972) is an American singer and actress. She is best known for her Tony Award-winning role in the Broadway production of Caroline, or Change. She is also known for her starring roles in movies such as Dreamgirls (2006), The Princess and the Frog (2009) and For Colored Girls (2010).

Rose was born in Bloomfield, Connecticut.

References

Other websites

 
 

1972 births
Living people
Actors from Connecticut
African American actors
Singers from Connecticut
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Sopranos
Tony Award winning actors
People from Bloomfield, Connecticut
Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd president of the United States on Saturday, March 4, 1933.

This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Franklin D. Roosevelt as President and John Nance Garner as Vice President.

It was the last inauguration to be held on March 4. All since then have been held on January 20.

1933 in the United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
March events
The first inauguration of George W. Bush as the 43rd president of the United States happened on January 20, 2001. This was the beginning of the first term of George W. Bush as president and Dick Cheney as vice president.

Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the oath of office at 12:01 p.m. An estimated 300,000 people attended the swearing-in ceremony.

References

George W. Bush
2001 in the United States
Bush, George W.
The inauguration of John F. Kennedy as the 35th president of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1961. It was held in the eastern section of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. 

This 44th inauguration was the beginning of the term of John F. Kennedy as President and Lyndon B. Johnson as Vice President.

Kennedy's address at the inauguration talked about the major themes of his campaign. It defined his presidency during a time of economic prosperity, emerging social changes, and diplomatic challenges.

References

1961 in the United States
John F. Kennedy
Kennedy, John F.
Kennedy, John
Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos (March 18, 1928 – July 31, 2022), popularly known as FVR, was a Filipino politician. He was the twelfth President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He played an important role in removing Ferdinand Marcos from power. Ramos was also a general. During his time as president, he helped make the economy strong.

Before becoming president, he was in the cabinet of President Corazon Aquino. He was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and later as Secretary of National Defense from 1986 to 1991. 

He helped create the Philippine Army's Special Forces and the Philippine National Police Special Action Force.

Ramos died on July 31, 2022 at a hospital in Makati, Philippines from problems caused by COVID-19, aged 94.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2022 deaths
Filipino generals
Military personnel of the Korean War
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Presidents of the Philippines
Protestants
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
Joseph "Erap" Ejército Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército; April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician. He served as the thirteenth President of the Philippines from 1998 until 2001.

Estrada was the first person in the present Fifth Republican period to be elected both President and Vice-President. He is currently the Mayor of Manila, the country's capital. He was elected as mayor in the mid-term elections in 2013.

References

Other websites

1937 births
Living people
Mayors of Manila
Presidents of the Philippines
Vice presidents of the Philippines
The inauguration of Jimmy Carter as the 39th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1977. The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of Jimmy Carter as President and Walter Mondale as Vice President. It was also the end of Gerald Ford's presidency. 

Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the oath of office to Jimmy Carter, and House Speaker Tip O'Neill administered the Oath of office to Walter Mondale. This was the last inauguration that was set up on the East section of the U. S. Capitol.

References

1977 in the United States
Jimmy Carter
Carter, Jimmy
Carter, Jimmy
The inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st president of the United States was held on January 20, 1989. The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President. 

Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the Oath of office.

References

George H. W. Bush
1989 in the United States
Bush, George H. W.
The first inauguration of George Washington as the president of the United States took place on April 30, 1789. 

The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of George Washington as president. John Adams had already taken office as vice president on April 21. Washington was sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston. 

Washington became the first president of the United States following the ratification of the Constitution.

1789
George Washington
Washington, George
1780s in the United States
The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1861. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President. Lincoln used his bible.

1861 in the United States
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln, Abraham
The first inauguration of Thomas Jefferson took place on March 4, 1801. Jefferson was sworn-in by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall. Jefferson became the third president of the United States. 

It was the first presidential inauguration held in the United States's capitol, Washington, D.C. It was the beginning of Jefferson's first term as president and Aaron Burr as Vice President.

References

1801
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson, Thomas
1800s in the United States
Jefferson, Thomas
The first inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1953. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President and Richard Nixon as Vice President.

Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson administered the Oath of office to Eisenhower. Nixon was sworn in as Vice President by Senator William Knowland of California earlier.

1953
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
1950s in the United States
Eisenhower, Dwight
The first inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant as the 18th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1869. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Ulysses S. Grant as President and the only term of Schuyler Colfax as Vice President. 

This inauguration was the first that both living parents of the president attended.

Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the oath of office. Andrew Johnson did not attend the inaugural ceremonies, as President-elect Grant refused to sit with him in the carriage going to it. Instead, he was in the White House signing last-minute legislation.

References

1869
Ulysses S. Grant
Grant, Ulysses S.
1860s in the United States
March events
The first inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh president of the United States took place on March 4, 1829. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Andrew Jackson as President. He is part of the modern Democratic Party.

It as also the second term that John C. Calhoun was Vice President. Calhoun resigned during his second term. Jackson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall.

1829
1820s in the United States
Andrew Jackson
Jackson, Andrew
The first inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt as the 26th president of the United States, took place on September 14, 1901 in Buffalo, New York. It took place after the assassination of President William McKinley.

John R. Hazel, U.S. District Judge for the Western District of New York, administered the oath of office. While some people called it an inauguration, others called it a swearing-in ceremony.

References

1901 in the United States
Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt, Theodore
1900s in New York (state)
20th century in Buffalo, New York
The first inauguration of Harry S. Truman as the 33rd president of the United States happened on April 12, 1945. This was the beginning of Harry S. Truman's first term as president.

This inauguration happened after the sudden death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

References

1945 in the United States
Harry S. Truman
Truman, Harry S.
The first inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson as the 36th president of the United States occurred on November 22, 1963. 

The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Lyndon B. Johnson. That term lasted a year and two months instead of the usual four years. That was because Johnson was finishing the term of John F. Kennedy, who had been assassinated. This was the only presidential inauguration to be held on Air Force One.

1963 in the United States
Lyndon B. Johnson
Johnson, Lyndon B.
November events
Robert Hall "Bob" Weir (born October 16, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is known for creating the band Grateful Dead.

Weir was born in San Francisco, California. He studied at Menlo Atherton High School.

References

Other websites

1947 births
Living people
Singer-songwriters from California
American guitarists
Singers from San Francisco
Musicians from San Francisco
People from Atherton, California
The first inauguration of Richard Nixon as the 37th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1969. 

The inauguration was the beginning of the term of Richard Nixon as President and Spiro Agnew as Vice President. 

Chief Justice Earl Warren gave the oath of office to Nixon. Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen gave the oath to Spiro Agnew as Vice President.

References

1969 in the United States
Richard Nixon
Nixon, Richard
The first inauguration of Woodrow Wilson took place on March 4, 1913. It was the beginning of his position as the 28th president of the United States and Thomas R. Marshall's tenure as Vice President. 

Chief Justice Edward D. White administered the oath of office. Wilson wanted and asked that the inaugural ball to be canceled. He found it inappropriate for the occasion because of women's suffrage and women's rights protesting.

References

1913 in the United States
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson, Woodrow
Philip Levine (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was an American poet and teacher. He was best known for his poems about working-class Detroit. 

He taught for more than thirty years at California State University, Fresno. He also taught at other different schools. He was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1995.

Levine died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015 in Fresno, California, aged 87.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2015 deaths
American poets
California State University faculty
Pulitzer Prize winners
Writers from Detroit
Educators from Detroit
The Munich massacre was an attack that happened on 5-6 September during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. 11 members of the Israel Olympic team were murdered after being taken hostage. A German police officer was also killed.

The terrorists demanded the Israeli government to release 234 prisoners held in Israeli jails. Of the eight attackers, five were killed by the police and three were arrested. The three were released from jail.

List of fatalities

 Shot during the initial break-in
 Moshe Weinberg, wrestling coach
 Yossef Romano, weightlifter

 Shot and killed by grenade in eastern-side helicopter D-HAQO
 According to the order in which they were seated, from left to right:
 Ze'ev Friedman, weightlifter
 David Berger, weightlifter (survived grenade but died of smoke inhalation)
 Yakov Springer, weightlifting judge
 Eliezer Halfin, wrestler
Shot in western-side helicopter D-HAQU
 According to the order in which they were seated, from left to right:
 Yossef Gutfreund, wrestling referee
 Kehat Shorr, shooting coach
 Mark Slavin, wrestler
 Andre Spitzer, fencing coach
 Amitzur Shapira, track coach

 Shot in control tower during gunfight
 Anton Fliegerbauer, West German police officer

 Palestinian terrorists shot dead by West German police
 Luttif Afif ("Issa")
 Yusuf Nazzal ("Tony")
 Afif Ahmed Hamid ("Paolo")
 Khalid Jawad ("Salah")
 Ahmed Chic Thaa ("Abu Halla")

References

Other websites

 The Israeli Response to the 1972 Munich Massacre – Includes an extensive overview of the Munich massacre
 A Tribute to the 1972 Israeli Olympic Athletes – Includes biographies and photographs for each of the 11 Israeli athletes killed
 Time Magazine , 4 December 2005
 Special Publication of Israel State Archives: The Fortieth Anniversary of the Massacre of the Israeli Athletes in Munich
1972 Summer Olympics
1970s crimes in Europe
1970s in Israel
Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1970s

History of Bavaria
Mass murder in Germany
Mass murder in the 1970s
Mass shootings in Europe

Massacres in Europe
Murders by firearm in Germany
September events
Terrorist incidents in Germany
Terrorist incidents in the 1970s
1970s in Germany
Don Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, 1st Marquis of Samaranch (17 July 1920 – 21 April 2010) was a Spanish sports administrator. He served as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001.

Samaranch died of cardio-respiratory failure on 21 April 2010, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Presidents of the International Olympic Committee
Spanish politicians
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Sports executives and administrators
Petäjävesi is a municipality in Central Finland. About 4,100 people lived there in January 2014. Petäjävesi is next to the municipalities of Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Keuruu, Multia and Uurainen.

Other websites

 Petäjävesi 

Municipalities of Central Finland
Long-term memory (LTM) is our memory of past events. It follows from short-term memory, and involves the growth of nerve synapses which are very long-lasting.

Types of LTM 
The brain does not store memories in one unified structure, as might be seen in a computer's hard disk drive. Instead, different types of memory are stored in different regions of the brain.  Long term memory is typically divided up into two major headings: explicit memory and implicit memory.
Explicit memory 
Explicit or 'declarative' memory refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge.  These are partly encoded by the hippocampus, stored elsewhere. Exactly where is unknown, but the temporal cortex has been proposed as a likely candidate. Research shows that amnesiac patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe performed more poorly on explicit learning tests than did healthy controls. However, the same patients performed at the same rate as healthy controls on implicit learning tests.  This implies that the medial temporal lobe is heavily involved in explicit learning, but not in implicit learning.
Implicit Memory
Implicit or procedural memory refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil, drive a car, or ride a bicycle.  This type of memory is encoded and it is presumed stored by the striatum and other parts of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is believed to mediate procedural memory and other brain structures and is largely independent of the hippocampus.  The parietal and occipital regions are associated with implicit memory.

Emotional memory 
The memory for events that evoke a particularly strong emotion may involve both declarative and procedural memory processes.  Emotional memories are consciously available, but elicit a powerful, unconscious physiological reaction.  Research indicates that the amygdala is extremely active during emotional situations, and acts with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the encoding and consolidation of emotional events.
Working memory 
Working memory (STM) is not part of long term memory, but is important for long term memory to work. Working memory holds and works on information for a short period before it is either forgotten or put into long term memory. Then, to remember something from long term memory, it must come back into working memory. If working memory is overloaded it can affect the encoding of long term memory.

References 

Memory
Human skills
Natalie Jane Appleton Howlett (born 14 May, 1973) is a Canadian pop singer and actress. She became famous as a member of the band All Saints. During part of All Saints' five years of inactivity, she was a member of Appleton with her younger sister Nicole Appleton. The sisters starred in the movie Honest in 2000.

Appleton was born in Mississauga, Ontario. Her daughter was born in 1992. She married her daughter's father, Carl Robinson, in New York in 1993. The couple divorced in 1995. She married Liam Howlett of The Prodigy in 2002. The couple's son was born in 2004.

References

Other websites 

1973 births
Living people
Actors from Ontario
Canadian movie actors
Canadian pop singers
Musicians from Ontario
Sensory memory (SM) is an automatic response, not under conscious control. It deals with the input from the senses. The information people received which is stored in sensory memory is just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory.

The information in SM is the "raw data" of a person's overall sensory experience. There are four common features to all forms of SM: 
The formation of a SM trace is independent of attention to the stimulus.
The information stored in SM is modality specific. This means for example, that echoic memory is only for storing auditory information, and haptic memory is only for storing tactile information.
Each SM store has an immense amount of detail.
Each SM trace is very brief and lasts a very short period of time. Once the SM trace has decayed or is replaced by a new memory, the information stored is no longer accessible and is ultimately lost.
The SM is made up of stores of different kinds of information. Each has different rates of information processing and decay. Genetics also plays a role in SM capacity.

References 

Memory
Kristof Goddaert (21 November 1986 – 18 February 2014) was a Belgian road racing cyclist. He competed as a professional between 2008 and 2014 for the Topsport Vlaanderen-Mercator, Ag2r-La Mondiale and IAM Cycling squads. He was born in Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.

Goddaert died was killed on 18 February 2014 during a training ride in Antwerp. He fell from his bike and was struck by a De Lijn bus. He was 27 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1986 births
2014 deaths
Belgian cyclists
People from East Flanders
Road accident deaths
Ferdinand Alexander "Ferry" Hoogendijk (23 November 1933 – 14 February 2014) was a Dutch political scientist, journalist and politician. He was the editor of Elsevier and a member of the parliamentary group of the Pim Fortuyn List (, LPF). He was born in Gouda, South Holland.

Hoogendijk died on 14 February 2014 in Naarden, North Holland. He was 80 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
2014 deaths
Dutch journalists
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
People from Gouda
Pim Fortuyn List politicians
Dutch political scientists
Politicians from South Holland
Writers from South Holland
Ernst Carel Bakker (16 April 1946 in Hellendoorn – 8 February 2014 in Hilversum) was a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66).

Bakker was merely active in local politics. He served as a councillor of Amsterdam for several years, and was also an alderman from 1992 to 1998. Afterwards he was mayor of Hilversum from 1998 to 2011. In between he was for a brief period a member of the House of Representatives, from 1981 to 1982.

Bakker died at the age of 67 in 2014.

References

Other websites
 Biography at Parlement.com

1946 births
2014 deaths
Democrats 66 politicians
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Dutch mayors
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from Overijssel
Magnus [ mahg-noos ahn-noos ] is a name that means "great" in Latin. It was sometimes used as a given name by the Romans. Magnus is a timeless name that remains in vogue even today. Its robust and potent connotation makes it an excellent pick for parents who desire to bestow upon their offspring a name that exudes power and assurance. Of Latin derivation, the name Magnus translates to "great" or "mighty." It was a common appellation among Roman rulers and was also adopted by ancient Christian saints. Throughout the ages, the name has been favored by monarchs, fighters, and other formidable personalities, which has contributed to its commanding and influential aura. The name spread with the Catholic Church, which spoke Latin. It became very common among the nobility in Scandinavia. This name was ranked #728 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People
People with this name include:
Kings of Norway
 Magnus I of Norway (1024–1047)
 Magnus II of Norway (1048–1069)
 Magnus III of Norway (1073–1103)
 Magnus IV of Norway (c. 1115–1139)
 Magnus V of Norway (1156–1184)
 Magnus VI of Norway (1238–1280)
 Magnus VII of Norway (1316–1374)

Kings of Sweden
 Magnus I of Sweden (c. 1106–1134)
 Magnus II of Sweden (died 1161)
 Magnus III of Sweden (1240–1290)
 Magnus IV of Sweden (1316–1374), also Magnus VII of Norway

Other
 Charlemagne, whose Latin name was "Carolus Magnus"
 Albertus Magnus, German theologian and philosopher
 Magnus Rosén, Swedish musician
 Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess player
 Magnus Uggla, Swedish pop and rock singer
 Magnus Wenninger, American mathematician, teacher, geometer
 Magnus Beronius, Swedish archbishop

References

Given names
Richard Hayman (27 March 1920 – 5 February 2014) was an American arranger, harmonica player and conductor. He served as an arranger for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) movies Girl Crazy (1930), Thousands Cheer (1943), and Meet Me in St. Louis (1944). He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Hayman died at a hospice in New York. He was 93 years old.

References

Other websites

[ Richard Hayman] at AllMusic

1920 births
2014 deaths
American composers
American conductors
Musicians from Massachusetts
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Richard "Dick" Hyman (born March 8, 1927) is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist and composer. He is best known for his skill with jazz piano styles.

Hyman was born in New York City, New York.

Influences
Hyman cites composers like Elmer Bernstein, Jelly Roll Morton, Alfred Newman, James P. Johnson and Dimitri Tiomkin as influences.

References

Other websites

 

1927 births
Living people
American movie score composers
Columbia University alumni
Educators from New York City
American keyboardists
Musicians from New York City
20th-century American composers
20th-century American musicians
21st-century American composers
21st-century American musicians
American classical pianists
American jazz composers
American jazz pianists
American singers
Emmy Award winners
Jewish American musicians