Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ernest W. Burgess (May 16, 1886–December 27, 1966) was an urban sociologist. He was born in Tilbury, Ontario, Canada. Burgess received his education at Kingfisher College in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. He did his graduate studies in sociology at the University of Chicago. In 1916, he returned to the University of Chicago, as a member of the faculty. Burgess was hired as an urban sociologist at the University of Chicago. He was the 24th President of the American Sociological Association (ASA). He made the Burgess model to show how big Chicago will grow in 1923. The Burgess model is also called the Concentric zone model.

References

Other websites
 American Sociological Association (ASA)

1886 births
1966 deaths
Writers from Ontario

American sociologists
University of Chicago faculty
Beornwulf († 826) was a Mercian nobleman who became the King of Mercia. Although not of the Mercian royal family himself he usurped the throne from Ceolwulf in 823. He ruled Mercia until his death three years later.

King of Mercia
Little is known about Beornwulf's family. He played a large part in Ceolwulf I losing the throne in 823. He succeeded Ceolwulf as king in the summer of 823. Beornwulf continued the campaign against Powys started by Coenwulf and his brother Ceolwulf I. By the end of 823 Powys was being controlled by Mercia. By 825 Beornwulf had extended his authority over Kent, Essex and Middlesex. In 825 Beornwulf invaded Wessex. In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history" Egbert defeated Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellandun. This was the end of the Mercian kings dominating England. Egbert sent his son Athelwulf with an army to overthrow Baldred, the Mercian sub-king. As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert of Wessex. Egbert was cautious though. He kew Mercia had a powerful army and did not attack Mercia directly. Instead he instigated the East Anglians to revolt against Beornwulf
. When Beornwulf tried to recover East Anglia in 826 he was killed in the attempt. He was succeeded by one of his ealdormen, Ludeca of Mercia.
Notes

References

Other websites 

 The Kings of Mercia 

Year of birth unknown
820s deaths
Kings and Queens of Mercia
The French Resistance was a group of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German military occupation in France during World War II (1939–1945).  Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women who killed German soldiers, published secret newspapers, collected information about the German army, and helped Allied soldiers and pilots who were trapped in France to get back to Great Britain. The men and women of the Resistance came from all levels of society and many different religions.

The Allied armies helped the French Resistance by giving them guns and explosives. It was very dangerous to be a member of the French Resistance. Members who were caught by the Germans were often tortured and killed. When the Resistance killed a German officer, sometimes the Nazi army would kill large numbers of innocent civilians as a punishment.
The French Resistance helped the Allied armies to advance through France in 1944. After the invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944, and the invasion of Provence on 15 August, they gave the Allies information about the German defenses. The Resistance also sabotaged the electrical power grid, transportation methods, and telecommunications networks. During the Nazi occupation of France, the resistance was an inspiring example of patriotic behavior and bravery.

When the war was over, the Resistance executed about 9,000 French people who were working to help the Nazis. This included many members of the Milices, a fascist organization that helped Nazi Germany.

Resistance movements of World War II
Rebellions in Europe
20th-century rebellions
1930s in France
1940s in France
The Juraj Dobrila University of Pula () is a university in the city of Pula, Croatia. It was created in 2006. As of 2011, the university had about 2,465 students.

Faculties and Departments
The Juraj Dobrila University of Pula is an entirely integrated university, consisting of five departments:
 Faculty of Economics and Tourism "Dr. Mijo Mirković"
 Department of Humanities
 Department of Information Technology
 Department of Music
 Department for Studies in the Italian Language
 Teacher training department

References

Other websites 
 University of Pula website

Colleges and universities in Croatia
2006 establishments in Europe
Istria County
Paul Baum (22 September 1859 – 15 May 1932) was a German painter. At first he was an Impressionist painter, but later developed to be a Post-Impressionist. He was one of the main post-impressionist German artists. He worked as a teacher at different art schools. Today, he is mostly known for his landscape paintings. Most of the landscapes were from Flanders or the Netherlands.

1859 births
1932 deaths
German painters
A rhythm section is the group of musicians in a rock music, jazz, or country music group who play their instruments to set out the pulse or beat of the music. This is played in accompaniment to the rest of the band. Some of the rhythm section instruments, such as the guitar and the piano, also play the chord progression (sequence of chords) that a song is based upon. Some rhythm section instruments, such as the drums and percussion, are just used to set out the beat. Most rhythm sections include a bass instrument, such as the bass guitar or the double bass, which plays the deep, low notes of the chord progression.

References 

Musical groups
The Middle Angles were an important ethnic group in the kingdom of Mercia during the Anglo-Saxon period. It is probable that Angles moved into the Midlands from East Anglia early in the 6th century. The area they occupied is now centred around modern Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. They were in place before the reign of Penda (c.626-655). He made his eldest son, Peada, King of the Middle Angles in 653. For some time they kept their own identity in Mercia. The Middle Angles had their own bishop based in Leicester.

References

Other websites

 The Middle Angles, Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms, The History Files

Anglo-Saxons
Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
A lap dance is a type of sex work performed in some strip clubs (clubs in which women or men take off their clothes as they dance to music). In this, a dancer performs an erotic dance either contacting their body (contact dancing) with a seated patron or within a very short distance of a seated patron.

The dancer may be naked, topless or wearing a bikini top and bottom, depending on the laws in the jurisdiction of the strip club and the club's policies. With full-contact lap dances, the stripper may engage in contact with the patron, such as pressing his or her body against the patron. Different types include a couch dance, which is a lap dance where the customer is seated on a couch, and bed dance where the customer lies down on a bed.
In some clubs, a "block session" of lap dance (usually half an hour to an hour) can be booked in a "champagne room", which is a private room in the back of a club. In many clubs, the duration of a lap dance is measured by the length of the song being played by the club's DJ. Charges for lap dances vary.

Depending on the local jurisdiction and community standards, lap dances can involve touching of the dancer by the patron, touching the patron by the dancer, neither, or both. In some clubs, any touching by the patron is forbidden. On the other hand, if a club does not enforce its rules, levels of contact may be negotiable between the participants. Clubs vary widely with regard to whether they enforce their rules or ignore any violations.
Critics of lapdancing say that some club owners, by installing dark private booths and charging dancers high stage fees to work at the club, are encouraging the sale of sexual acts between customers and dancers.  According to the UK paper The Guardian, "Research shows that the majority of women become lap-dancers through poverty and lack of other jobs".

References

Sex industry
Dance types
Ludeca († 827) was a Mercian nobleman and ealdorman. At the death of Beornwulf in 826 he became the King of Mercia. He ruled what was left of Mercia after Beornwulf's defeat by Egbert of Wessex at the Battle of Ellandun. He ruled Mercia until his own death, barely a year later.
King of Mercia 
In 824 two charters of King Beornwulf are witnessed by Ludeca, then a member of his court. His title on those charters is . Nothing else is known of Ludeca. At Beornwulf's death he became king. But the kingdom Ludeca now ruled was just Mercia, Lindsey, Middle Anglia and the Mercian provinces of the Hwicce and Magonsæte. All of southern England was in disorder. Egbert of Wessex now had control of Essex and Kent. He had instigated the revolt by the East Anglians that resulted in Beornwulf's death. The East Anglians saw this as a chance for their independence from Mercia. A few months later Ludeca led his army against them but he was killed. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 825 (actual year 827) recorded: "In this year Ludecan, king of the Mercians, was slain, and his five aldormen [ealdormen] with him, and Wiglaf succeeded to the kingdom."

Notes

References

Other websites 

 The Kings of Mercia 

Year of birth unknown
820s deaths
Kings and Queens of Mercia
Chamberlain is a city in the central part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Brule County, and it is located along the Missouri River, across from Oacoma. It became a city in 1881, and 2,387 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
City of Chamberlain website 

County seats in South Dakota
Cities in South Dakota
1881 establishments in Dakota Territory
A strip club is a type of club that has performers who dance while removing their clothes and have security protect strip club. Most strip clubs are also bars which serve alcohol. Many communities have rules on strip clubs, such as rules on how many strip clubs are allowed to exist in the community, rules on the minimum distance that must be kept between dancers and customers, or rules on what clothing cannot be taken off (e.g. panties).

Some strip clubs offer lap dancing, which is a type of sex work that typically involves a female dancer pressing her body against a male customer for a fee.

Strip clubs can be a source of debates in a community. Iceland banned strip clubs for feminist reasons while in Britain there is still discussion about whether they are positive for women.

References

Entertainment venues
Sex industry
Paul Mantee (January 9, 1931 – November 7, 2013) was an American movie and television actor. He was known for his roles in Cagney & Lacey, Simon & Simon, Barnaby Jones, and in Quincy, M.E..

Early life and career 
Mantee was born Paul Marianetti in San Francisco, California on January 9, 1931. He studied at San Mateo Junior College. Mantee enlisted in the U.S. Navy for four years during the Korean War that made him decide on acting as a career.

Personal life 
He was married to Suzy Davis Mantee. He was formerly married to actress Ann Newman. Mantee died on November 7, 2013 in his Los Angeles, California home from prostate cancer, aged 82.

References

Other websites
 
Paul Mantee at Allmovie
Notice of death 

1931 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from San Francisco
Malcolm Scott Carpenter (May 1, 1925 – October 10, 2013) was an American test pilot, astronaut, and aquanaut.  He was one of the original seven astronauts selected for NASA's Project Mercury in April 1959. Carpenter was the second American to orbit the Earth and the fourth American in space, following Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, and John Glenn.

He was married to feminist columnist Rene Carpenter.

Carpenter had a stroke and entered The Denver Hospice Inpatient Care Center at Lowry, Denver, Colorado where he died on October 10, 2013. He was 88 years old.

References

Other websites

NASA Biography
Spacefacts biography of Scott Carpenter
Personal Web Site
NYTimes obituary

1925 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American astronauts
People from Boulder, Colorado
In the Philippines, regions (Tagalog: rehiyon) are administrative divisions that serve primarily to organize the provinces (lalawigan) of the country for administrative convenience. Most government offices are established by region instead of individual provincial offices, usually (but not always) in the city that is the regional center.

The regions themselves do not possess a separate local government, with the exception of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, which has an elected regional assembly and governor.

List of regions
The Philippines has 17 administrative regions. Fourteen of these regions are designated with numbers corresponding to their geographic location in order from north to south. The National Capital Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao do not have numerical designations.

These regions are geographically combined into the three island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Following is a list of the regions in their island groupings.
The regions CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, and SOCCSKSARGEN are written with upper case characters because they are acronyms that stand for their component provinces or cities. CALABARZON stands for CAvite, LAguna, BAtangas, Rizal and QueZON; MIMAROPA stands for Occidental and Oriental MIndoro, MArinduque, ROmblon and  PAlawan; and SOCCSKSARGEN stands for SOuth Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, SARangani and GENeral Santos.

References

Related pages
 Provinces of the Philippines

Other websites

National Statistical Coordination Board 
National Statistics Office
Luciano Vincenzoni (7 March 1926 – 22 September 2013) was an Italian screenwriter, known as the "script doctor". He wrote for some 65 movies between 1954 and 2000. He is known for his works in For a Few Dollars More (1965) and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 1966, but he also wrote for a number of other Spaghetti westerns.

References

Other websites

Official web site about the documentary based on the Vincenzoni's life 

1926 births
2013 deaths
Italian screenwriters
People from Veneto
Poseur (or poser) is a negative term used by some subcultures. It describes a person who copies the style or mannerisms of a subculture, but who is not considered to belong to it. It implies that the person is fake, and is considered not to share or understand the values or philosophy of that culture.

A person may copy the style of a particular subculture to be accepted within that group or for popularity among various other groups.

The term is often used in the punk, heavy metal, hip hop, and goth subcultures, or the skateboarding and surfing communities. For example, in the hardcore punk scene, older punks may view a young punk with an "anarchy" symbol on their shirt as a poseur if the older punks think the young punk does not understand what the symbol means.

Slang
Subculture
Merton College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1264 by Walter de Merton, who was the Chancellor to Henry III and Edward I.  It claims to be the oldest college in Oxford, although Balliol College and University College also claim to be the oldest.

Construction of the college at its present location began in the 1270s. Its buildings are among the oldest in Oxford.  Mob Quad at Merton College was built in the 14th Century. It is often said to be the oldest quadrangle at Oxford or Cambridge. Other quadrangles at Oxford and Cambridge, however, may be older.

J.R.R. Tolkien was a professor of English Language and Literature at Merton College.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1264 establishments
1260s establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Oxford
Blunt trauma is a kind of trauma that usually results from being hit by something dull and firm (like a car, a fist, or the ground).  It is also called blunt force trauma. This is different from penetrating trauma where an object, such as a bullet enters the body.

Common types of blunt force trauma include:
 Being in a car accident (this is the most common cause of blunt force trauma)
 Being hit by another person with a fist or with something that is not sharp, like a bat
 Falling and hitting the ground (like falling down the stairs)
 Jumping or falling from a high place

What kinds of problems can blunt force trauma cause?
If blunt force trauma is not too severe, it may cause only cuts (lacerations), bruises (contusions), and scrapes (abrasions).  However, bad blunt force trauma can cause many serious problems, like:
 Head and brain injuries
 Spinal cord injuries
 Crushing of the airways, making it difficult or impossible for air to be breathed in
 Damage to organs (for example, collapsed lungs)
 Broken bones
 Severe bleeding, which can be internal (inside the body)

References

Symptoms
Injuries
Christopher John Koch AO (16 July 1932 – 23 September 2013) was an Australian novelist. He is best known for his 1978 novel The Year of Living Dangerously, which was made into an award-winning movie. 

He won the Miles Franklin Award twice; The Doubleman in 1985, and Highways to a War in 1996. In 1995 he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for contribution to Australian literature.

Koch was born in Hobart, Tasmania in 16 July 1932. He was educated at Clemes College, St Virgil's College, Hobart High School and the University of Tasmania.

Koch died at his home in Hobart on 23 September 2013, aged 81. He had been diagnosed with prostate cancer twelve months earlier.

References

Other websites

Christopher Koch at Random House Australia 
Podcast of Christopher Koch discussing “Crossing the Gap: Asia and the Australian Imagination” at the Shanghai International Literary Festival
1932 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Australian novelists
People from Hobart
Order of Australia
University of Tasmania alumni
Halvor Bernt Stein Grieg Halvorsen (19 October 1909 – 11 November 2013) was a Norwegian stage actor.

Halvorsen was born in Oslo, Norway on 19 October 1909. He was married to Elizabeth Thaulow from 1940 until her death in 1968. Then he was married to Vibeke Falk from 1971 until his death in 2013.

His son, Stein Johan Grieg Halvorsen, is half of the comedy duo Erlend & SteinJo, who rose to fame in the 1990s. 

Halvorsen died of natural causes on 11 November 2013 in his Oslo, Norway home. He died three weeks after his 104th birthday.

References

Other websites

1909 births
2013 deaths
Centenarians
Norwegian entertainers
Norwegian stage actors
Actors from Oslo
Shirley Mitchell (November 4, 1919 – November 11, 2013) was an American radio, movie, and television actress. She was known for her role as Marion Strong in I Love Lucy in which she appeared in only three episodes. 

Mitchell was born in Toledo, Ohio on November 4, 1919. She studied at the University of Toledo and at the University of Michigan. Mitchell was married to Julian Frieden from 1946 until they divorced in 1974. Then she was married to Jay Livingston from 1992 until his death in 2001. She had two children with Frieden. Mitchell died on November 11, 2013 in Westwood, California from natural causes, aged 94.

References

Other websites

1919 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Toledo, Ohio
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
University College is one of the colleges of Oxford University. The full name of University College is "The Masters and Fellows of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford". It is commonly called simply "The Univ".

According to legend, the college was founded by Alfred the Great in 872. Most historians agree, however, that the college originated in 1249 from a bequest by William of Durham. The college claims to be the oldest at Oxford. Balliol College and Merton College also claim to be the oldest college in Oxford.

The current buildings of the college were begun in the 17th Century.

Famous former students include British Prime Ministers Clement Attlee and Harold Wilson, American President Bill Clinton, Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke, authors Percy Bysshe Shelley, C.S. Lewis, and V. S. Naipaul, and physicist Stephen Hawking.

In 1979 The Univ started letting female undergraduate students study there.

Other websites
Official website

References
References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1249 establishments
1240s establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in England
Alfred Ruscio (June 2, 1924 – November 12, 2013) was an American actor who appeared in many television series and movies. He was known for his roles in Showgirls, The Godfather Part III, MacGyver, The A-Team, and in Seinfeld.

Ruscio was born on June 2, 1924 in Salem, Massachusetts to Italian parents. He studied at Salem High School and at the Neighborhood Playhouse. Ruscio was married to Kate Williamson from 1954 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Ruscio died on November 12, 2013 in Los Angeles, California from renal failure, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 
 

1924 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Salem, Massachusetts
Karla Mercedes Álvarez Báez  (15 October 1972 – 15 November 2013) was a Mexican actress. She was best known for her roles including Maria Mercedes and Alma Rebelde and as a contestant for Big Brother VIP in 2003. 

Álvarez was born on 15 October 1972 in Mexico City, Mexico. She was married to Alexis Ayala until they divorced. On 15 November 2013, Álvarez was found dead at her apartment in Mexico City due to respiratory failure. She was rumored to have suffered from alcoholism and allegedly had an eating disorder.

References

Other websites
 

1972 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Actors from Mexico City
Harrisburg is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about three miles south of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1873, and 4,089 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
City of Harrisburg website 

Cities in South Dakota
1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
John Yetter McCollister (June 10, 1921 – November 1, 2013) was an American politician. He was a Nebraska Republican politician. He served two terms from 1965 to 1970 as the Douglas County Commissioner. 

He was a delegate to the Nebraska State Republican conventions from 1960 to 1970, and delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention. In 1976, he decided to run instead for U.S. Senate but was unsuccessful, losing to Omaha Mayor Edward Zorinsky by a 53% to 47% margin. He was a presidential elector for Nebraska in 2000. 

McCollister was born in Iowa City, Iowa on June 10, 1921. In 1939 he graduated from Washington High School in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and in 1943 he graduated from the University of Iowa in Iowa City. 

He was married to Nanette Stokes from 1943 until his death in 2013. McCollister died on November 1, 2013 in Omaha, Nebraska from prostate cancer, aged 92.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 
 

1921 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Politicians from Iowa
United States representatives from Nebraska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Iowa City, Iowa
Cancer deaths in Nebraska
William Joseph Coyne (August 24, 1936 – November 3, 2013) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.  

Coyne was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Central Catholic High School in 1954, and received a B.S. in accounting from Robert Morris College. 

Coyne was elected to Congress in 1980, succeeding 24-year incumbent William S. Moorhead in a district taking in most of Pittsburgh. He was reelected ten times, never facing serious opposition. He was a longtime member of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means

In 2002, Coyne's district was combined with the district of Mike Doyle, a somewhat more moderate Democrat. Although the new district contained more of Coyne's territory than Doyle's, Coyne retired to avoid the possibility of two Democratic incumbents facing each other in the primary elections.
Coyne died at the age of 77 on November 3, 2013, two months after falling and sustaining head injuries in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites

 Voting record  at the Washington Post
 Congressman William J. Coyne's Webpage archived

1936 births
2013 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pittsburgh
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Tea is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about two miles southwest of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1894, and 3,806 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
City of Tea website

Cities in South Dakota
1894 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in South Dakota
Winner is a city in the southern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Tripp County, and it also administrates nearby Todd County, which does not have a county seat. It became a city in 1911, and 2,897 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
City of Winner website

County seats in South Dakota
Cities in South Dakota
1911 establishments in South Dakota
Bar or BAR can refer to several things:

 Bar (business), a place that serves alcohol
 Bar (law), the division of a courtroom between working and public areas
 Bar association, a body of barristers or lawyers
 Bar (music), a segment in musical notation
 Bar (unit), a unit of pressure
 Shoal, or sand bar, a landform made of sand in the sea
 Bavarian language, ISO 639-3 code BAR
 British American Racing, a Formula One constructor
 Bar-le-Duc, a town in France
 M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, a design of rifles and guns
 A type of gatehouse
 A type of diacritic
Hartford is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, about ten miles west of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1878, and 2,534 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
City of Hartford website

Cities in South Dakota
1878 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Dakota Territory
Saloon can mean several things:

 Another name for a bar, where alcohol is served
 Western saloon, a historical style of bar in the United States
 One of the bars in a public house (pub)
 Another name for a barber's shop
 The centre room of a suite of state rooms
 Saloon (car), a car design
Flandreau is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Moody County. It became a city in 1902, and 2,341 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
City of Flandreau website

County seats in South Dakota
Cities in South Dakota
1902 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in South Dakota
The Battle of Ellandun (also spelled Ellendun) was fought in 825 between the armies of Egbert of Wessex and Beornwulf of Mercia. Although costly to both sides, King Egbert won. The battle effectively brought an end to Mercian supremacy in southern England. It gave Wessex dominance over the remaining Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the south. A century later the kingdom of Wessex became the kingdom of England.

Background 

Vikings murdered every one during the 8th century and early 9th centuries, the kings of Mercia exercised varying degrees of overlordship over the kingdoms of south-eastern England. Some even ruled other kingdoms directly. While Wessex had at times been obliged to recognise the power of Mercian kings there was usually a strong resistance to allowing them to directly rule Wessex.
Beorhtric of Wessex (786–802) had probably received help from Offa of Mercia (757–796) in becoming king of Wessex. In 789 he married Eadburh, Offa's daughter. For the remainder of his rule Wessex was subordinate to Mercia. At the time Beorhtric became king, Egbert was also a claimant. Edgar was exiled for a time from Wessex and spent most of his time at the court of Charlemagne. On the death of Beorhtric Egbert returned and succeeded to the throne. At this time Coenwulf of Mercia (796–821) was king and he concluded a peace treaty with Wessex.

In 815 Egbert invaded Cornwall and brought it under his rule. He allowed sub-kings to rule it for him. 
Beginning in 825 Egbert began a series of military operations with the intent of increasing his over Wales. At the same time the new king of Mercia, Beornwulf, having had extended his authority over Kent, Essex and Middlesex decided to invade Wessex.

The battle
The battle 

Egbert was in Cornwall with his army when he received word that the Mercians had invaded Wessex. He led his army back into Wessex and met Beornwulf and his army at Ellendun (now Wroughton south of Swindon). In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history", Egbert defeated Beornwulf. The battle was costly to both sides in loss of life. Henry of Huntingdon said the river ran red with blood. The victory over Mercia shifted the balance of power to Egbert. He was now the most accomplished king in southern England.

Shift in power
Shift in power 

Immediately Egbert sent his son Athelwulf with an army to overthrow Baldred, the Mercian sub-king in Kent. As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert. Beornwulf tried to recover East Anglia later the same year and was killed in the attempt. Kent, Surrey and Sussex remained a part of the kingdom of Wessex from this time on. Egbert appointed his son Athelwulf as sub-king of Kent which included all the new territories of Wessex.

In 829 Egbert invaded, then defeated all of Mercia. Wiglaf was exiled. The king of Northumbria submitted to him after the defeat of Mercia. He assumed the title  (King of Mercia). This title was also on coins made in the former Mercian port of London. In 830 Wiglaf returned to power in Mercia, but the gains of Kent and southwest England remained with Wessex. Egbert died 4 February 839. He left a territory larger than any other Wessex king since Ine.

Notes

References 

825
Ellandun
9th century in England
Ellandun
Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) was a professional wrestling company that ran from April 25, 1992 to April 4, 2001. The company was known for its hardcore style of wrestling as well as lucha libre to puroresu.

The company was originally known as Eastern Championship Wrestling and was owned by Tod Gordon. It was then renamed Extreme Championship Wrestling and Paul Heyman was brought in as the new owner after Tod Gordon sold ECW to him in 1995. World Wrestling Federation purchased Extreme Championship Wrestling after Heyman filed for bankruptcy on April 4, 2001.
WWE hosted a pay-per-view called ECW One Night Stand on June 12, 2005 which featured ECW alumni. They hosted another ECW One Night Stand on June 11, 2006 which helped introduce the relaunch of the ECW franchise as a WWE brand like Raw and SmackDown. Paul Heyman was also brought back to be the newly appointed figurehead for the ECW brand and recommissioned the ECW World Heavyweight Championship to be the brand's world title. He awarded it to Rob Van Dam after Van Dam won the WWE Championship at the 2006 One Night Stand. The brand operated until February 16, 2010.

Last champions

References

Other websites

ECW on WWE.com

1992 establishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in the United States
Extreme Championship Wrestling
Sports in Philadelphia
In zoology, the name that designates a subspecies is called Trinomen. It has three parts: It contains the name of the species and adds a qualifying name.

Taxonomy
New Centre-Right (, NCD) is a political party in Italy.

History
It was created on 15 November 2013 by Angelino Alfano. It split from Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party.

References 

Political parties in Italy
2013 establishments in Europe
2010s establishments in Italy
A pawn shop (also called a pawnshop or pawnbroker) is a shop or business who loans money to people who bring in valuable items which they leave with the pawnbroker. Examples of items that a person may leave are jewellery, gold, watches, cameras, musical instruments, televisions or computers.

The valuables that people leave are called the "collateral". The person can get their valuable item back from the pawnbroker if they pay back the money they were loaned and pay interest on the loan. Interest is like a fee for getting to use someone else's money for a set time period. If the person who has borrowed money from the pawnbroker does not repay the loan and interest within an agreed-upon time limit, the pawnbroker can sell the valuable item to another customer to get back the money they loaned.
To prevent thieves from using pawnshops as a way to get money from stolen goods, many communities have laws requiring that people who bring in valuable items to the pawnshop have to show identification, such as a driver's licence.

Shops
The Road Warriors were a professional wrestling tag team. They competed in many different professional wrestling promotions. They were known for competing in American Wrestling Association, the National Wrestling Alliance, World Championship Wrestling, and World Wrestling Federation. The team's originally member were Road Warrior Hawk and Road Warrior Animal.

Career
They were joined by their manager "Precious" Paul Ellering. Droz joined the team after an angle happened that was based off of Road Warrior Hawk’s real life alcohol and drug issues. The angle even went so far as to fake a suicide jump off the top of the TitanTron. The angle bombed and both members said that they disliked it and left the WWF in 1999. Their last TV appearance as a team was on the May 12, 2003 Raw episode when they faced the then-WWE World Tag Team Champions, Rob Van Dam and Kane. Road Warrior Hawk died on October 19, 2003 from heart attack.
Animal returned to the WWE in 2005 and teamed with Heidenreich. They won the WWE Tag Team Championship after defeating MNM at The Great American Bash on July 24, 2005. Heidenreich became an official member of the LOD on August 18, 2005. They were also manged by Christy Hemme during that time. They lost the tag team titles on the October 28, 2005 edition of SmackDown! to MNM in a Fatal Four-Way tag match that also featured Paul Burchill and William Regal and The Mexicools (Super Crazy and Psicosis).

Heidenreich was released from WWE on January 17, 2006 and Animal was released a few months later.

On April 2, 2011, The Road Warriors along with Paul Ellering were inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Dusty Rhodes.

References

Other websites
The Road Warriors profile on WWE.com

WWE teams and stables
WWE Hall of Fame
A tip (also called a gratuity) is an amount of money given as gratitude to somebody who has provided a service. It is normally in addition to any fee that is charged. It is a custom in many societies. For example, after people finish eating dinner at a restaurant, even after they have paid the bill for the food, they leave some extra money on the table to thank the server.

Tipping and the amount of money that people give as tips varies between countries. In some locations tipping is discouraged and considered insulting. In other locations tipping is expected from customers. The tip can be a specific range of money or a percentage of the bill, such as 15 percent or 20 percent. In some circumstances, such as with government workers in some areas, giving tips is against the law. Some restaurants charge a service charge and add it onto the bill. In this case, you do not have to leave a tip. For many service workers, like servers, bartenders, and taxi drivers, tips are an important part of their income.

Income
Bass instrument amplification is an amplifier used for bass guitars, double bass and similar instruments. It makes the sound they make louder. It is different from other types of amplification systems because it is difficult to reproduce low-frequency sounds (bass). Bass amps need strong loudspeakers, and a relatively larger speaker cabinet. Speaker cabinets for bass instrument amplification usually have larger (or more) loudspeakers than those used for the amplification of other instruments. The loudspeakers themselves must also be sturdier to handle the higher power levels.

Electronic musical instruments
Music technology
During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Norwegian Resistance was a rebellion by Norwegians against the invasion and occupation by the Nazis. It lasted from 1940 to 1945. It supported the Norwegian government that was formed outside of the country as the true government of Norway. They discouraged Norwegians from following the pro-Nazi Norwegian government formed by Vidkun Quisling. 

The Norwegian Resistance helped the original members of the Norwegian government to escape from Norway. They were lucky that they escaped alive, because the Germans tried to kill them. They managed to get to the coast where a British warship picked them up.

The Norwegian Resistance also carried out armed resistance against the Nazi soldiers. This included sabotage (breaking or destroying things), assassinations, and exploding German ships with bombs. The Norwegian Resistance also did unarmed civil disobedience actions, like protests.
1940s in Norway
Resistance movements of World War II
Rebellions in Europe
20th-century rebellions
National liberation movements
Lennox is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Lincoln County. It became a city in 1889, and 2,111 people lived there at the 2010 census. And it has the best marching bands in the state.

References

Other websites
City of Lennox website

Cities in South Dakota
1889 establishments in South Dakota
Vidkun Quisling (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian politician. He was involved in the German invasion of Norway during World War II. On 9 April 1940, with the invasion in progress, he seized power of the country. In 1942 with the help of he Nazis he became Prime Minister. 

His government helped the Nazi German government to find Jews, who were then killed. In 1945, when Germany lost the war, Vidkun was put on trial for high treason. He was found guilty, and then executed by firing squad. Today, the name "quisling" is still used as a way of calling someone a traitor.

1887 births
1945 deaths
Anti-communists
People executed by firearm
Prime Ministers of Norway
World War II political leaders
North Sioux City is a city in the far southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Union County, near the junction of the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River. North Sioux City is near the borders of Iowa and Nebraska, and it is a suburb of Sioux City, Iowa. It became a city in 1951, and 2,530 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
City of North Sioux City website

Cities in South Dakota
1951 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in South Dakota
Hertford College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The full name of the college is the Principal, Fellows and Scholars of Hertford College in the University of Oxford. It is best-known for its bridge, called "The Bridge of Sighs".

Hertford was originally known as "Hart Hall". The land for Hart Hall was bought by Elias de Hertford in 1282. Hart Hall was a residence for students at other colleges in Oxford. In 1312, Hart Hall was purchased by Walter de Stapledon, who was the Bishop of Exeter.  De Stapledon founded Exeter College and Hart Hall was controlled by Exeter College for many years.

In 1710, William Newton became the Principal of Hart Hall.  In 1723, Newton formally proposed that Hart Hall be chartered as its own college. In 1740 a charter was granted for the new Hertford College. After Newton died, however, the college declined, and it was dissolved in 1816.
The grounds of the college was taken over by Magdalen Hall. Magdalen Hall began as a grammar school associated with Magdalen College in 1480. Magdalen Hall moved to the site of the former Hertford College in 1822. It grew at the new site, and in 1874, Magdalen Hall was given a charter as Hertford College. The new name was chosen so that it would not be confused with Magdalen College, and because it was on the location of the former Hertford College.

References 

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1874 establishments in England
Survivor Series (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on November 18, 2012 at the Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the twenty sixth Survivor Series event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Survivor Series 2012 website

2012 in American television
2012 in professional wrestling
History of Indianapolis
Survivor Series
2010s in Indiana
The German invasion of Norway occurred on 8 April 1940 during World War II and led to battles between the Allies and Germany.

In April 1940, the United Kingdom and France decided to help Norway by sending soldiers and warships. The Allies had to withdraw, and the Norwegian government had to escape from Norway and seek exile in London. Even though the Germans occupied Norway, some Norwegians formed the Norwegian resistance and kept fighting the Germans. Norway held off the Germans for 62 days, which made Norway the nation that withstood a German invasion for the second-longest period of time, after the Soviet Union.

1940 in Europe
1940s in Norway
Invasions of World War II
April events
A sexless marriage is a marriage in which the partners do not have sex very often or at all. The U.S. National Health and Social Life Survey in 1994 (Laumann et al. 1994) found that 2 percent of the married people who answered said they did not have sex in the past year. The definition of a sexless marriage is often broadened, to include marriages where sex occurs less than ten times per year. Using this definition, 20 percent of the couples in the National Health and Social Life Survey would be in the category. Newsweek magazine says that 15 to 20 percent of couples in the U.S. are in a sexless relationship. Sexlessness means being without sexual activity. Sexlessness is sometimes promoted by some religious groups. This includes religious groups promoting abstinence or celibacy. There are also cultural groups who promote some types of sexlessness. These include groups like fapstinence or nofappers. Sexlessness among lesbian couples is called lesbian bed death
. Some studies show that females gays are more likely to have sexlessness in their relationship than male gays. But sexlessness can also be harmful for allosexual adults. For example sexlessness in allosexual adults can cause death-grip syndrome or genital atrophy. Besides death-grip syndrome and genital atrophy, sexlessness can also cause emotional unhappiness and low self-esteem.
References

Marriage
Insignificance is a feeling that nothing you do matters, or that you are not important. People may feel this for many reasons. For example, having low self-esteem, being depressed, living in a large city with many people, comparing themselves to rich celebrity success stories, working in a large bureaucracy, or being in awe of a natural wonder.

People living in crowded, major cities may face feelings of insignificance. George Simmel says that when people live in a big city, they may start to feel like "...just another face in the crowd", it can "lead to feelings of insignificance...".

Emotions
Emptiness is a sense of general boredom, feeling socially separated from other people, and feeling that you do not care any more. Feelings of emptiness often accompany depression, loneliness, or despair. A sense of emptiness is also part of a natural process of grief, caused by separation from or the death of somebody you love.

While Christianity and Western sociologists and psychologists consider a state of emptiness as a negative, bad condition, in some Eastern philosophies such as Buddhist philosophy and Taoism, emptiness is seen as a real achievement.

Emotions
Jameela Jamil (born 25 February 1986) is a British television and radio presenter. She hosts The Official Chart on BBC Radio 1. 

Jamil was born in Hampstead, London to an India father and an English mother.

In 2012 the first collection by 'JAM by Jameela Jamil' was released on Very.co.uk.

Jamil played Tahani on The Good Place, a sitcom that ran from 2016 to 2020. It won a Peabody Award in 2019.

References

Other websites
Official blog

1986 births
Living people
BBC radio presenters
English television presenters
People from Hampstead
Radio personalities from London
Television personalities from London
In the military, suppressive fire (also called "covering fire") is shooting that hinders an enemy force so they cannot fulfill their mission (what they were trying to do). This hindrance usually only works for as long as the machine gun or artillery gun is being shot.

Military terminology
Elk Point is a city in the far southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Union County, and 1,963 people lived there at the 2010 census. Elk Point became a city in 1873.

References

Other websites
City of Elk Point website

County seats in South Dakota
Cities in South Dakota
1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (also called purely obsessional OCD) is a less common type of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). People with primarily obsessional OCD have different types of compulsions. These compulsions are more difficult to see than ones that people with regular OCD have (such as checking things, counting things, and washing their hands). People with primarily obsessional OCD may do rituals. These mostly happen in their mind. Primarily obsessional OCD can give people bad thoughts. These thoughts may be scary or violent.

References

Related pages 

 Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
 Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Anxiety disorders
The Bauhaus Center is a gallery, shop and information center for the Bauhaus (modernist) architecture of Tel Aviv. It is a private institution, working together with public organizations such as Tel Aviv City Hall and UNESCO. It is located at 77 Dizengoff Street in the White City of Tel Aviv area.

Other websites 
  Tel Aviv Bauhaus Center website
 
 
 Review of the Center on Fodor's travel guide
 Reviews on TripAdvisor travel website

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Architectural organizations
Israeli culture
20th-century architecture
Organizations based in Israel
Worthing is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about ten miles south of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1879, and 877 people lived there at the 2010 census. Since 2010, Worthing has been the home of the LifeLight Music Festival, the largest free music festival in the world.

References

Other websites
City of Worthing website

Cities in South Dakota
1879 establishments in Dakota Territory
Carla Bruni, now known by her name of use Carla Bruni-Sarkozy (born Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi; 23 December 1967 in Turin, Italy) is an Italian-French singer, songwriter and former model. From 2008 to 2012, Bruni was the First Lady of France.

She married then President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy in February 2008. They have one child.

References

Other websites

Carla Bruni: from catwalk to Elysee  – Expatica, 11 February 2008

1967 births
Living people
First Ladies of France
French models
French singers
Italian singer-songwriters
People from Turin
The M4 carbine is a type of carbine used in the military. A carbine is a shorter, lighter type of rifle. It was based on the M16 rifle.

The M4 is a gas-operated, shoulder-fired weapon. The cartridges are fed into the gun with a magazine, which is a rectangular box that holds the cartridges. It has a stock that can be extended or pushed in and a 14.5 in (370 mm) barrel to make it easier for soldiers to use the weapon in confined spaces. Like the other rifles in the M16 family, it fires the .223 caliber, or 5.56mm NATO round.