Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
History

The Missouri was very important for the Native Americans who lived on the Great Plains. It was also very important in the history of the United States. The Missouri was used as the route of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1804-1806. In the 19th century, the Missouri was very important in the North American fur trade and for transportation of army troops and supplies as well as general transportation and trade as the West was settled.

Nicknames

The nickname of the Missouri is "Big Muddy", because it has a lot of silt.

Rivers of Montana
Rivers of Missouri
Rivers of Iowa
Rivers of Kansas
Rivers of Nebraska
Rivers of South Dakota
Rivers of North Dakota
Many have different opinions on what the meaning is. Some say life is a war zone where we are the soldiers fighting in that war for survival. Some think it is all about the relationships that we make in our life. Some people say that life is full of violence and hatred but some say that life is full of hope and happiness. Still, other people say that the meaning of life is to achieve the goals you set in life. According to Douglas Adams, the answer to the question is 42. The biological answer is to have children, which is to pass on your genes. Others say the meaning of life is to make spaghetti. 
Some say, however, the meaning of life is simply just to stir the spaghetti. However, life can also be a pasta, or maybe a mere alfredo. Maybe we really don't have any control over our or the pasta's actions, since we are all just imitating a different universe. We can never really know. Philosophies such as nihilism and absurdism deny that life has any meaning.
Others, like Solomon, argue that 'life is like a pasta'. (Ecclesiastes 1:2)

Related pages 
 Death
 Existential crisis

 

Religion
Philosophy
Drainage basin is a geographic term about rivers.  It is also called  catchment, catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin, and water basin.

It is an area of land.  All water that falls on that land flows into one river. It can flow directly into the river or go through tributaries (smaller rivers that flow into the bigger river) first.  

One river can drain a large area. For example, more than half of the United States is drained by the Mississippi and its tributaries. The Amazon basin is similarly large.

River basins are an open system with inputs and, outputs. Water comes in as precipitation and goes out as discharge.

Watershed 
This term watershed can have two main meanings:
 Meaning drainage divide, the line that separates neighbouring drainage basins
 Meaning drainage basin in North American usage. (an area of land where surface water converges)
There are also a number of figurative meanings as a metaphor.

Related pages 
Basin (geology)
Endorheic basin
River system

References
The Great Plains is a large space of level land or prairie in the middle and western parts of North America. It is a steppe or grassland.

The western boundary is the Rocky Mountains.  In the east, the Great Plains grassland becomes the tallgrass of the Mississippi River basin. The prairie is (in whole or part) in eleven U.S. states, and in the southern parts of three Canadian provinces.

In the Great Plains, summers are hot and humid, but winters are cold. Bison used to number millions, and were the main food for people there. Now the area is mainly sown with cereal crops which feed cattle and people.

Related pages 
Grassland

Other websites 
North Dakota State University: The Geologic Story of The Great Plains 
Kansas Heritage Group: Native Prairie, Preserve, Flowers, and Research
Library of Congress: Great Plains
University of Nebraska-Lincoln: The Great Plains Study

Plains
Regions of Canada
Regions of the United States
Legend refers to the collected myths of a group of peopletheir body of stories which they tell to explain nature, history, and customs. It can also refer to the study of such myths.

A myth is a story about the remote past which is considered true within the society in which it is told. Creation myths take place before the world reached its present form in the most remote time – the first existing period of time known as the primordial age. The characters are normally non-human; they can be gods, demigods, and other supernatural figures. Myths are often associated with religion or spirituality and can be very important to those who believe in them.  Some myths are used to explain how a particular reality came into existence, explaining why a society works and is structured the way it is.
Myths are different from folktales and legends. The definitions of these are not yet agreed upon but myths are generally understood to be true, about the remote past, and containing non-human characters. In contrast, legends usually feature human characters and folktales are understood as fiction.

The word myth is often used to mean false. For this reason, some religious people object to their beliefs being called myths and some scholars choose to avoid it in favour of other terms. Other scholars choose to call all religious stories myths in order to avoid treating one religion as more important or true than another.

Content of myths
All cultures have developed their own mythology over time. Mythology includes the legends of their history, their religions, their stories of how the world was created, and their heroes. These stories have a great symbolic power, and this may be a major reason why they survive as long as they do, sometimes for thousands of years.
The main characters in myths are usually gods, demigods, or supernatural humans, while legends generally feature humans as their main characters. Many exceptions or combinations exist, as in the Iliad, Odyssey, and Aeneid. Myths are often endorsed by rulers and priests and closely linked to religion or spirituality. In fact, many societies group their myths, legends, and history together, considering myths to be true accounts of their remote past.

Creation myths take place in some early primordial age when the world had not reached its present form. Other myths explain how the society's customs, institutions and taboos were established and sanctified. A separate space is created for folktales, which are not considered true by the people who tell them. As stories spread to other cultures or as faiths change, however, myths can come to be considered folktales. Sometimes myths and legends get merged. Their divine characters get recast as humans or as demihumans (such as giants, elves, and faeries).
Historians' views on myths
Although myths are often considered to be stories of events that have not happened, many historians think myths are about actual events that have become connected with strong symbolic meaning, or that have been changed, or shifted in time or place, or even reversed. One way of thinking about this process is to imagine 'myths' as lying at the far end of an imaginary line. At one end of the line is 'dispassionate account', and 'legendary occurrence' or 'mythical status' is near the other end. As an event progresses toward the 'mythical' end of this line or continuum, the way people think, feel and say about the event changes. It may gain greater historical significance while the 'facts' become less important. By the time one arrives at the mythical end of the line, the story has "taken on a life of its own" and the facts of the original event have become almost unimportant.

Related pages

 Mythology (book)
 Social psychology

References
The Minnesota River is a river in the United States. It is in the northern United States, in the state of Minnesota. It is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is about 534 km long.

The source of the river is a lake in western Minnesota. The lake is called Big Stone Lake. The lake is on the border between the state of Minnesota and the state of South Dakota. From its source, the Minnesota flows southeast. At Mankato, it turns northeast. It joins the Mississippi just south of the cities of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.

The Minnesota River was formed after the last ice age in North America.

Minnesota
Mythology is the collection of myths for a culture. A myth is a story or series of stories used to explain the world around you and describe what is happening, such as why weather happens. Myths usually have heroes, gods, and creatures that are bigger or more fantastic than real life, or sometimes just normal people doing amazing things. Some myths try to explain the natural world. One example is the Greek myth of Arachne.  She believed that she could weave far better than anyone else, including the goddess Athena. So, Athena challenged Arachne to a weaving contest. Arachne lost, then was turned into a spider. This myth explains why spiders weave webs.
A few mythologies 
 Hindu mythology
 Roman mythology
 Greek mythology
 Manipuri mythology (Meitei mythology) 
 Norse mythology
 Japanese mythology
 Anglo-Saxon mythology
 Etruscan mythology
 Chinese mythology
 Māori mythology
 Native American mythology
 Australian Aboriginal mythology
 Celtic mythology
 Iranian mythology
 Korean mythology
 Slavic mythology
 Armenian mythology
 African mythology
 Polynesian mythology
 Inuit mythology
 Babylonian mythology
 Sumerian mythology
 Egyptian mythology
 Mayan mythology
 Aztec mythology
 Inca mythology

Related pages 

 Myth
The Wisconsin River is a river in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is located in the state of Wisconsin. It is approximately 692 km long.

The source of the Wisconsin is in the forests of northern Wisconsin. The source is a small lake on the border between Wisconsin and Michigan. The river flows south across Wisconsin. It flows through a plain made by a glacier during the last ice age. It passes the cities of Wausau and Stevens Point.

In southern Wisconsin, the river meets a moraine. The moraine was made during the last ice age. The river enters a beautiful gorge, called the Wisconsin Dells. North of the city of Madison, the river turns to the west. It flows west through the hills of southwest Wisconsin. It joins the Mississippi 15 km south of the city of Prairie du Chien.

The river is an important source of hydroelectric power.
Rivers of Wisconsin
Alaska (), officially the State of Alaska, is a state in the United States. It is in the northwest corner of North America. 

Alaska does not touch other US states. It has borders with Canada, the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, and the Bering Strait.
The United States bought Alaska from Russia on March 30, 1867. This was called the Alaska Purchase. This prevented Russia from having land on continental North America. Alaska cost $7.2 million. Today, that would be $120 million. The price was about $0.02 per acre ($4.74/km2). 

Alaska is the biggest state in the United States. It is the 3rd least populated state. It has the lowest population density of all the states. About half of the population of Alaska lives in the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, 731,158 people live in Alaska.

Alaska became an organized (or incorporated) territory on May 11, 1912. It became the 49th state on January 3, 1959.
The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsaq. This means "the mainland" or "the object towards which the action of the sea is directed." The land is also called Alyeska, which is another Aleut word that means "the great land." The Russian name was .

Alaska mainly exports seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab. The oil and gas industry is very important in the Alaskan economy. More than 80% of the state's revenues is from petroleum extraction.

"Seward's Folly" 
William H. Seward, the 24th United States Secretary of State, negotiated the Alaska Purchase  with the Russians in 1867 for $7.2 million. It was called Seward's Folly at the time.

Russia's ruler then was Tsar Alexander II, the Emperor of the Russian Empire, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. He also planned the sale.[
The purchase was made on March 30, 1867. Six months later the commissioners arrived in Sitka and the formal transfer was arranged; the formal flag-raising took place at Fort Sitka on October 18, 1867. In the ceremony 250 uniformed U.S. soldiers marched to the governor's house at "Castle Hill", where the Russian troops lowered the Russian flag and the U.S. flag was raised. This event is celebrated as Alaska Day, a legal holiday on October 18.

Geography 

The capital city is Juneau, but the biggest city is Anchorage. Alaska is the biggest state in the United States, but it has one of the smallest populations. It is also the least densely populated: more than half of the population live in the Anchorage Metropolitan Area. Alaska has almost 20% of all the land in the U.S., but only about 0.2% of the people. It is not connected to any other states by American land, but it is connected to the territories of Yukon and British Columbia in Canada.
Alaska has many glaciers, some of which are can be seen from passing cruise ships. Some are coastal, and others are not by the ocean. It is a popular tourist destination, as there is a very rich culture along with beautiful scenery. There are wild animals in Alaska. Some of them are the brown bear, the moose, and the wolf.

There are some important industries in Alaska, like oil, fishing, mining, transportation, tourism, and forestry. Oil is the biggest industry in Alaska. Most of the oil is very far north in the Alaskan arctic. A very long pipeline starts at the northern coast of Alaska and runs to the southern coast. It is over  long. There were many gold rushes in Alaska. The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) is ranked as the world's fourth busiest cargo airport.

Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States, is in Southeast Alaska. The state capital Juneau, and the former capital Sitka, are in Southeast Alaska.
Aleutian Islands 
Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians in Alaska. They are a chain of 14 large volcanic islands and 55 smaller islands. Most of the Aleutian Islands belong to the U.S. state of Alaska, but some belong to Russia.

One of the world's largest tides occur in Turnagain Arm, just south of Anchorage, where the differences in the tides can be more than 35 feet (10.7 m).

It is widely believed that the region served as the entry point for the initial settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge.
State symbols
 State Motto: North to the Future
 Nicknames: "The Last Frontier" or "Land of the Midnight Sun" or "Seward's Icebox"
 State bird: Willow Ptarmigan, decided by the Territorial Legislature in 1955. It is a small (15–17 inches) Arctic grouse that lives among willows and on open tundra and muskeg. Feathers are brown in summer, changing to white in winter. The Willow Ptarmigan is common in much of Alaska.
 State dog: Alaskan Malamute, since 2010.
 State fish: King Salmon, since 1962.
 State flower: wild/native Forget-me-not, decided by the Territorial Legislature in 1917. It is a perennial that is found throughout Alaska, from Hyder to the Arctic Coast, and west to the Aleutians.
 State fossil: Woolly mammoth, since 1986.
 State gem: Jade, since 1968.
 State insect: Four-spot skimmer dragonfly, since 1995.
 State land mammal: Moose, since 1998.
 State marine mammal: Bowhead whale, since 1983.
 State mineral: Gold, since 1968.
 State song: "Alaska's Flag"
 State sport: Dog Mushing, since 1972.
State tree: Sitka spruce, since 1962.
References

Related pages
 Alaska Natives
 Colleges and universities in Alaska
 List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska
 List of rivers of Alaska

Other websites 

 Official Website of Alaska

 
1959 establishments in the United States
The British Broadcasting Corporation, known as the BBC, is an organisation in the UK. It broadcasts in the United Kingdom and other countries on television, radio and the Internet.  The BBC also sells its programmes to other broadcasting companies around the world.

The organisation is run by a group of twelve governors who have been given the job by British monarch, on the advice of government ministers.  The governors appoint a Board of Management to take care of running the business of the BBC.  The head of the Board of Management is called the Director General.
History
The British Broadcasting Company Ltd ( now derided as the BWC - British Wokery Corporation) was formed on 18 October 1922 as a business. In 1927 it was changed into the British Broadcasting Corporation under a royal charter, which allows it to broadcast radio.  It started television broadcasting in November 1936. This stopped during the Second World War when there was only radio. During the war, Winston Churchill delivered 33 major wartime speeches on BBC radio.  

The BBC World Service broadcasts radio news, speech and discussions in more than 40 languages to many countries.  It is banned in Russia and China.  It was started in 1932 when it was aimed at English speakers across the British Empire. Until 2014 it was paid for by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

In 2006, the British Government looked at the charter to see if it needed changing.
Another agreement, which goes with the Charter, recognises that the BBC should be independent from any other organisation. It also says what the BBC should do for the people in Britain (the public).

Finance 
Every household in the UK that watches or records "live" programmes, (as they’re being broadcast, or distributed to the public in any other way) or watches BBC iPlayer, must, by law, pay for a TV Licence. As the BBC gets its money from TV licences, it does not take money from companies or shareholders, so it does not have to do what they want. Also, it is not allowed to broadcast commercials in the middle of a programme, although it can show commercials in between programmes.
Radio Times 
In 1923, BBC Magazines started publishing a magazine which printed listings of the week's BBC radio and television programmes in the United Kingdom. The magazine was called the Radio Times. In 1991, the magazine began to print listings of programmes broadcast by other providers in the United Kingdom. Today the magazine is still printed and provides online listings too. It also prints stories about programmes, the people who make them, and the people who appear in them. The Radio Times is one of the best selling magazines in the United Kingdom. In August 2011, the BBC agreed to sell the magazine to Exponent, if Britain's Office of Fair Trading approves.

BBC Report 
The British Wokery Corporation has to publish a report every year, which tells people what it has done and how much money it has made and spent.

If someone has a complaint about something broadcast by the BBC, they can complain to the BBC, the BBC Trust, or directly to Ofcom, the government's regulator of broadcasting.
Locations 
The headquarters of the BBC is Broadcasting House in Portland Place, London. The BBC also has other offices such as the BBC Television Centre in White City, London, BBC Radio Berkshire, as well in other cities like Cardiff, Belfast, Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester, Bristol, Southampton and Newcastle upon Tyne. Rather than hire local reporters everywhere, the BBC's journalists work in many countries across the world. This means BBC workers are sometimes in danger, especially in war zones. Most recently Alan Johnston was kidnapped and held hostage for many months in Gaza before being safely released.

BBC iPlayer
BBC iPlayer 

Between October 2005 and 28 February 2006, the BBC offered a service called the BBC iPlayer on their website - bbc.co.uk. It allowed people to catch up on the last seven days of TV and radio on the BBC. Users could either watch (stream) it or download the content on their computers. The downloading options are for Microsoft Windows computers and Apple devices. The iPlayer service was released to the public on 25 December 2007. The slogan for BBC iPlayer is 'Making the Unmissable, Unmissable.'

References

Other websites 

 BBC Homepage
 BBC News Front Page

1922 establishments in the United Kingdom
The Illinois River is a river in the United States. It is in the state of Illinois. It is an important tributary of the Mississippi River. The length of the river is about 439 km.

Geography 
The source of the river is in northeastern Illinois, near the city of Joliet. It flows west across Illinois, then southwest. It passes the city of Peoria, the largest city on the river.

It flows into southwestern Illinois. It joins the Mississippi River 40 km north of Saint Louis, Missouri. 
There is separate Illinois river that runs through the northernmost edge of Oklahoma.

The river was used for transportation by the Native Americans. It was also used by early French trappers. It was an important route between the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes.

In the 19th century a canal was built that connected the river to Lake Michigan. Large ships now use this canal to go from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. The canal goes through the city of Chicago. It is one of the reasons that Chicago became a big city.
Milk is a white liquid made by mammals, like cows, dogs, and humans. It is made in the mammary glands (breasts, udders, or teats) of female mammals. Newborn babies must be given milk before they can eat solid food. Milk has many nutrients to help babies grow and be healthy. It is also a rich source of calcium which is good for their bones and teeth.

Storing milk 

If milk is not kept cold in a refrigerator, it will become sour after some time. When milk is warmed, it turns sour. Fermentation makes this happen. Lactic acid bacteria change the milk sugar into lactic acid. Fermentation is used when making dairy products.
Milk is often pasteurised before humans drink it. It is made into dairy products like cream, butter, yogurt, ice cream, or cheese. Pasteurised cows' milk will turn sour if it is not kept in a refrigerator. Milk should be stored between 1° and 4° Celsius. If milk is treated with very high temperatures, it will last longer before spoiling. This means it does not have to be put in the refrigerator until it is opened.

Goat milk 
Goat's milk is the milk from a goat. It can be drunk, both by humans or baby goats, or cheese can be made from it. This cheese is called goat's milk cheese.
Coconut milk 
Coconut milk is not real milk because it comes from a plant instead of an animal. However, it looks similar to real milk because it is white. It also does not have as many nutrients as real milk. It is made by removing the white "meat" from a coconut, pressing or squeezing the "meat", then adding water. It is sometimes used in cooking, for example, in Thai curry.
Coconut cream is a thicker version of coconut milk which contains added sugar.

Almond milk 

Almond milk is produced by grinding almonds and processing that liquid for drinking.

Cow milk
Cow milk is the milk from a cow. Whole cow’s milk contains about 87% water. The remaining 13% contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
Nutrients 
Milk forms an important part of a person's daily balanced diet. It contains a lot of calcium that helps bones and teeth to grow stronger. Also, milk provides the body with high quality proteins, and helps in meeting the body's requirement for vitamins. One glass of milk gives about 44% to the recommended daily vitamins intake. Some kind of milks, though, do not have good calcium. These kind of milk products include cream, cottage cheese, ricotta cheese, and cream cheese.
Lactose 
Milk contains a chemical called lactose. Babies make an enzyme called lactase inside their bodies. Adults make less lactase. If they do not have enough, they may not be able to digest lactose anymore. This problem is called lactose intolerance and it affects many adults. There are many medicines that help adults digest lactose. Many lactose-intolerant people drink soy milk instead of animal milk, because it does not contain lactose. Soy milk tastes similar to animal milk, but it is chemically very different and is made from soybeans.

Ability to drink milk 
Most mammals shut off the ability to digest milk early in life. Then they turn to a diet without milk. Humans were like that originally. We don't know all the details, but it seems what happened was this. They learnt that at least some milk from cattle was good for humans. They bred the cattle until the cattle produced milk regularly, not just for their young.
The few people who could digest milk gradually increased in number. They had the advantage of a ready supply of food (milk).

At that point, it was an advantage for humans to have a regular supply of milk, which they could now digest. So began a process which eventually swept up all humans except a very few. We now think it is natural to drink milk throughout life ("lactose tolerance"), but we are one of the few species which does so. In some human populations, though, lactase persistence has quite recently evolved.

References 

Basic English 850 words
 
Biological competition
Weather is the day-to-day or hour-to-hour change in the atmosphere. Weather includes wind, lightning, storms, hurricanes, tornadoes (also known as twisters), rain, hail, snow, and lots more. Energy from the Sun affects the weather too. 
Climate tells us what kinds of weather usually happen in an area at different times of the year. 
Changes in weather can affect our mood and life. We wear different clothes and do different things in different weather conditions. We choose different foods in different seasons.   

Weather stations around the world measure different parts of weather. Ways to measure weather are wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity. People try to use these measurements to make weather forecasts for the future.  These people are  scientists that are called meteorologists. They use computers to build large mathematical models to follow weather trends.
Severe weather can hurt people and their property. It can also just be a bother. Some examples of severe weather are:
 Tropical cyclones
 Rainstorms
 Drought
 Heat waves
 Tornadoes

Causes of weather
Weather happens because different parts of the Earth get different amounts of heat from the Sun. This makes different climates. The tropics get the most heat because the Sun shines straight down on them, while the poles get the least heat because the Sun shines on them from a low angle. Warmer air is lighter than cooler air and rises higher in the sky by convection.
The air always has some water mixed with it. This is called humidity. When it cools, the water can change from a gas to a liquid through condensation. Then the water can fall from the sky as rain or snow. After the air rises, it gets colder and goes back towards the ground. Because the air lost its water before, it is dry when it comes back to the ground. When two air masses of different temperatures meet, this is called a warm front or cold front. The ways that the air moves around the Earth are called atmospheric circulation.

Other websites 

 Weather
 Internet Geography's weather page
 The Weather Channel
 National Weather Service

 
Natural events
Basic English 850 words
British Columbia (BC) is a province in Canada. It was originally two separate colonies of Great Britain, the colony of Vancouver Island, and the colony of British Columbia. British Columbia joined the Canadian Confederation In 1871.  The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, but the city with the most people is Vancouver.

History

Early History
Before European contact, British Columbia was home to large numbers of indigenous people. These people, for the large part, still live in the province. Because BC has a large amount of resources, the native people who dwelled here lived comfortably enough. The large number of resources, in particular, led to the creation of very complex hierarchical societies in British Columbia, long before the government of the Europeans.

Oregon Dispute
See Also Fort Vancouver, Oregon
Hudson's Bay Corporation
While British Columbia was technically a British colony, it was the private corporation, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) that really ran the place. The first Governor of Vancouver Island (then a separate colony), actually resigned over the fact that the Queen, had no say, above the interests of the Colony. After him, the next governor of the Island, was also, coincidentally, the head of the HBC's operations in British Columbia and Vancouver Island.
The first major gold rush in British Columbia started in 1858, after gold was discovered, on the upper reaches of the Fraser River. The sudden onslaught of uncouth Americans led to the declaration that British Columbia shall be a crown colony, instead of the unincorporated region it was, after the Oregon spat. James Douglas was appointed the governor of the newly formed colony, as well as the Colony of Vancouver Island, and for military convenience, the Capital of British Columbia was declared Queensboro, then renamed New Westminster. As massive numbers of Americans came, fears that the Americans would try to bluster themselves another chunk of territory became more and more concrete. Thus, a contingent of Royal Engineers and Marines were deployed to New Westminster. To this day, the neighbourhood of Sapperton, is known, for its history as a site of the barracks for the Engineers, nicknamed the Sappers
. The infrastructure ordered by James Douglas, to support the vast amount of capital flowing from the gold industry, caused high debt for British Columbia. By 1864, British Columbia was £200,000 in debt, plus an additional £18,000, from various spats with natives, and constant policing required to maintain law and order.  Its vast amount of gold was useless, while BC was in debt.  British Columbia amalgamated with Vancouver Island, forming one super-colony. Vancouver Island would undertake the debt, and British Columbia's capital would be in Victoria.
Confederation With Canada
British Columbia at the middle of the 19th century, had 3 options: Remain a colony of Britain, annex itself to the United States, or join the Dominion of Canada. The option of remaining a colony was undesirable, for Britain had long adopted a "little Briton" policy, under which the key to economic efficiency, and reduction of bloat, was to cut off connections to its various colonies. The option of joining with Canada was also viewed as impractical, and unlikely to occur; the closest Canadian neighbor lay more than a thousand kilometers away, to the east. For most British Colombians, annexation to the United States seemed most logical. Ultimately, however, British Columbia did confederate. The advocacy of the Confederation League, resulted in British Colombian's demanding that BC join Canada. On July 20, 1871, British Columbia joined Canada. In return, BC was absolved of its debt, which became Canada's responsibility, and Canada promised to build a railway to BC within 10 years.
Industry
British Columbia's industry is primarily, and has always been, resource centered. For large parts of its history, including the entire time it was a colony, BC was dominated by the big 4: Forestry, Mining, Logging, and Agriculture, which have shaped British Columbia's culture, and society.

Forestry in British Columbia
Mining in British Columbia
British Columbia's large mineral resources also led to a large mining industry. For the most of the 19th century, and well into the 20th century, mining was highly profitable. For the immigrants, once again, this was another opportunity to exploit. Large numbers of immigrants, skilled from their experience mining at home, filled up the labour demands, and quickly, new towns were formed. The city of Nanaimo, for instance, was founded thanks to a large amount of coal found in its harbour. Coal especially, was the fuel of the industry, as coal was required for everything it the time, from ships, to trains, to the heater in everyone's homes.
Since BC's location is on the coast, fishing has been very prevalent in British Columbia. Before agriculture had developed very far in BC, and well before farming fish was even a viable option, fishing was the only reliable way to get food. The native people of BC already had a very active fishing industry, with large hauls of salmon, and other creatures sustaining them. When civilization came, the fishing industry took off, as everybody needed to eat, and there was not enough agricultural goods to go around. In fishing, once again, it was the immigrants that pulled it off. Mostly Japanese workers, and their families, came. Using their rich heritage of industrialized fishing, they were able to out compete every other fisherman, that by the turn of the century, the dockyards, canneries, and fishing fleets were filled to the brim with the Japanese. Only the forced Japanese internment in WW2 put a halt to the monopoly the Japanese had on fishing in British Columbia
. Today, fishing is still a powerful force, although fettered by ordinances to prevent overfishing.
Agriculture in British Columbia
The agriculture industry in BC is, and always has been humble. However, as they say, good things come in small packages, and the agricultural goods of BC, are about as good as they come. Due to the fact that BC has only about 2% arable land, the remainder being too dry, or too cold, or too remote, or a plethora of other reasons, BC has never been able to sustain a primary food agricultural industry. Even today, BC cannot grow enough food to feed its entire population, and imports foods instead, from the eastern provinces, such as Alberta, and Saskatchewan. However, where BC does grow food, the food is scrumptious, and award-winning. The Okanagan valley, is known for its award-winning fruits, and wine-related products. However, that is not where all the food is produced. In the Fraser valley delta, large amounts of other food crops are grown, such as wheat, and berries.

Housing in British Columbia
The value of real estate in British Columbia has increased a lot in recent years. Property assessed values have increased by  $1-trillion since 2007. In 2018 the value was $1.861 trillion. In 2007 it was only  $808 billion.

Health care 
The provincial health insurance plan in British Columbia is called Medical Services Plan (MSP).  In order to join MSP a person:
must be a citizen of Canada or be lawfully admitted to Canada for permanent residence
must make his or her home in B.C.; and
Eligible B.C. residents (citizens of Canada or persons who are lawfully admitted to Canada for permanent residence) who are outside B.C. for vacation purposes only, are allowed a total absence of up to seven months in a calendar year.
Politics
British Columbia's premier is John Horgan, leader of the provincial New Democratic Party, a social democratic party. The NDP governs British Columbia through a deal with the provincial Green Party, led by Andrew Weaver. The BC Liberal Party is the main opponent to the NDP, and is led by Andrew Wilkinson. Other parties are active in British Columbia, such as the Conservative Party, led by Scott Anderson, although only the NDP, BC Liberal Party, and Green Party currently have seats.

Flags 
The flag of British Columbia was adopted in 1960. It is based on the provincial arms and the union jack.

References

Other websites 

 
 Provincial Archives including online photo database
 Vancouver Public Library; Historical Photographs of BC & the Yukon
 B.C. Multicultural Photographs from the Vancouver Public Library - searchable photo database
 BC Govt online map archive

 
1871 establishments
1870s establishments in Canada
The 20th century began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000.

The 20th century saw two world wars, the Soviet Union rise and fall, the coming of the telephone, sound recording, movies and television, airplanes, atomic weapons, genetics and DNA, computers and electronics in general. Science and industrialization spread; medicine became more scientific.  World population growth was greater during this century than any previous one.

Significant people
World leaders 
 Africa
 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire
 Kenneth Kaunda, Zambia
 Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya
 Idi Amin, Uganda
 Nelson Mandela, South Africa
 Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe
 Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypt
 Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana
 Julius Nyerere, Tanzania
 Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, Libya
 Cecil Rhodes, South Africa
 Haile Selassie, Ethiopia
 Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegal
 Americas
 William McKinley, USA
 Theodore Roosevelt, USA
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, USA
 Harry S. Truman, USA
 Dwight D. Eisenhower, USA
 John F. Kennedy, USA
 Richard Nixon, USA
 Ronald Reagan, USA
 George H. W. Bush, USA
 Bill Clinton, USA
 Wilfrid Laurier, Canada
 William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canada
 Pierre Trudeau, Canada
 Ernesto 'Che' Guevara, Argentina
 Fidel Castro, Cuba
 Raúl Castro, Cuba
 Juan Perón, Argentina
 Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentina
 Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentina
 Salvador Allende, Chile
 Augusto Pinochet, Chile
 Emiliano Zápata, Mexico
 Pancho Villa, Mexico
 José María Velasco Ibarra, Ecuador
León Febres Cordero, Ecuador
 Sixto Durán Ballén, Ecuador
 Asia
 Mao Zedong, People's Republic of China
 Deng Xiaoping, People's Republic of China
 Pol Pot, Cambodia
 Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
 Mahatma Gandhi, India
 Indira Gandhi, India
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bangladesh
 Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysia
 Jawaharlal Nehru, India
 Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, India
 Emperor Hirohito, Japan
 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
 Sun Yat-sen, Republic of China
 Chiang Kai-shek, Republic of China
 Achmad Sukarno, Indonesia
 Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore
 Europe
 Kemal Atatürk, Turkey
 Neville Chamberlain, United Kingdom
 Winston Churchill, United Kingdom
 Margaret Thatcher, United Kingdom
 Charles de Gaulle, France
 Éamon de Valera, Ireland
 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, Austria-Hungary
 Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany
 Václav Havel, Czech Republic
 Adolf Hitler, Germany
 Helmut Schmidt, Germany
 Helmut Kohl, Germany
 Gerhard Schröder, Germany
 Benito Mussolini, Italy
 Francisco Franco, Spain
Adolfo Suárez, Spain
 Jozef Pilsudski, Poland
 Josip Broz 'Tito', Yugoslavia
 Milan Kučan, Slovenia
 Slobodan Milošević, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 Olof Palme, Sweden
 Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania
 Lech Walesa, Poland
 John Paul II, World
 Middle East
Anwar Sadat, Egypt or United Arab Republic
David Ben-Gurion, Israel
Golda Meir, Israel
Menachem Begin, Israel
Hafez el Assad, Syria
Saddam Hussein, Iraq
King Hussein, Jordan
 Russia and Soviet Union
 Tsar Nicholas II
 Vladimir Lenin
 Joseph Stalin
 Leon Trotsky
 Nikita Khrushchev
 Leonid Brezhnev
 Mikhail Gorbachev
 Boris Yeltsin
 Vladimir Putin
Scientists and physicians 
 David Attenborough
 Niels Bohr
 Ernst Chain
 Francis Crick
 Albert Einstein
 Enrico Fermi
 Frederick Banting
 Howard Walter Florey
 Sigmund Freud
 Kurt Gödel
 Werner Karl Heisenberg
 Hans Krebs
 Jacques Monod
 Linus Pauling
 Frederick Sanger
 Erwin Schrödinger
 John von Neumann
 Nikola Tesla
 Alan Turing
 James Watson

Economics and business 
 John Maynard Keynes
 Milton Friedman
 Henry Ford
 Steve Jobs
 David Rockefeller
 Donald Trump
 Bill Gates

Aerospace pioneers 
 Robert H. Goddard
 Wernher Von Braun
 Neil Armstrong
 Yuri Gagarin
 Charles Lindbergh
 Alan Shepard
 Valentina Tereshkova
 Wright Brothers
 John Glenn
 John Young

Military leaders 
 Charles de Gaulle
 Dwight D. Eisenhower
 Douglas Haig
 Douglas MacArthur
 Bernard Montgomery
 George Patton
 Erwin Rommel
 Leon Trotsky
 Mao Zedong
 Georgy Zhukov
Religious figures 
 Grigori Rasputin
 Tobey Maguire
 Pope John XXIII
 Pope John Paul II
 Mother Theresa of Calcutta
 The 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet, Tenzin Gyatso
 The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
 The Rev. Billy Graham
 Mahatma Gandhi

Artists 
 Salvador Dalí
 Marcel Duchamp
 Jacob Epstein
 Wassily Kandinsky
 Henri Matisse
 Joan Miró
 Amedeo Modigliani
 Piet Mondrian
 Henry Moore
 Pablo Picasso
 Jackson Pollock
 Bob Ross
 Andy Warhol
Singers, actors, actresses and bands 
 Aaliyah
 ABBA
 AC/DC
 Aerosmith
 Andy Griffith
 Ava Gardner
 Anthony Hopkins
 Alain Delon
 Audrey Hepburn
 Akira Kurosawa
 Alfred Hitchcock
 Arnold Schwarzenegger
 Al Pacino
 Bud Spencer
 Barry White
 Bette Davis
 Brigitte Bardot
 Barbra Streisand
 Betty Grable
 Billie Holiday
 Black Sabbath
 Bob Dylan
 Bob Marley
 Bobby Darin
 Bruce Willis
 Burt Reynolds
 Bruce Lee
 Boney M
 Bee Gees
 Beach Boys
 Clark Gable
 Carole Landis
 Charlie Chaplin
 Clint Eastwood
 Chuck Berry
 Chuck Norris
 Cher
 Danny DeVito
 Donna Summer
 Duran Duran
 David Bowie
 Dennis Hopper
 Doris Day
 Dustin Hoffman
 Elizabeth Taylor
 Eric Clapton
 Elvis Presley
 Elton John
 Eddie Murphy
 Frank Sinatra
 George Lucas
 Greta Garbo
 Green Day
 Groucho Marx
 Genesis (band)
 Guns N' Roses
 Gene Hackman
 Gary Cooper
 Grace Kelly
 Heath Ledger
 Harrison Ford
 Humphrey Bogart
 Ingrid Bergman
 Iggy Pop
 Iron Maiden
 Ian McShane
 Yul Brynner
 Jack Nicholson
 James Dean
 James Stewart
 James Cameron
 James Brown
James Brown
 Jean-Paul Belmondo
 Janis Joplin
 Jim Morrison
 Jimi Hendrix
 Judas Priest
 John Hurt
 John Travolta
 John Wayne
 Johnny Depp
 Julie Andrews
 Junius Matthews
 Katharine Hepburn
 Kirk Douglas
 Kraftwerk
 Kurt Cobain
 Kiss (band)
 Led Zeppelin
 Lana Turner
 Lauren Bacall
 Leonardo DiCaprio
 Luciano Pavarotti
 Louis Armstrong
 Lucille Ball
 Madonna (entertainer)
 Mae West
 Metallica
 Meryl Streep
 Marlon Brando
 Marilyn Monroe
 Marlene Dietrich
 Mary Pickford
 Michael Jackson
 Michael Dapaah
 Phil Spector
 Pink Floyd
 Prince (musician)
 Public Enemy
 Queen (band)
 Robert De Niro
 Robert Redford
 Roger Moore
 Ray Charles
 Ron Howard
 Steven Spielberg
 Sylvester Stallone
 Sean Connery
 Sophia Loren
 Sigourney Weaver
 Simon & Garfunkel
 Sharon Stone
 Sandra Dee
 Sex Pistols
 Spike Milligan
 Sterling Holloway
 Stevie Wonder
 Tupac Shakur
 Tina Turner
 The Doors
 The Beatles
 The Ramones
 The Rolling Stones
 The Pointer Sisters
 The Velvet Underground
 U2
 Walt Disney
 Will Ferrell
Writers and Poets 
 Albert Camus
 Anton Chekhov
 Jorge Luis Borges
 Samuel Beckett
 Noam Chomsky
 Charles Bukowski
 Cid Corman
 E. E. Cummings
 T. S. Eliot
 Gabriel García Márquez
 Allen Ginsberg
 Alamgir Hashmi
 Seamus Heaney
 Ernest Hemingway
 James Joyce
 Franz Kafka
 Jack Kerouac
 Philip Larkin
 Antonio Machado
 George Orwell
 Wilfred Owen
 Ezra Pound
 Marcel Proust
 Ayn Rand
 Jean-Paul Sartre
 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
 Gary Snyder
 J. R. R. Tolkien
 Virginia Woolf
 W. B. Yeats
 Emma Goldman
 Rabindranath Tagore

Sports figures 
 Ayrton Senna
 Muhammad Ali
 Chris Benoit
 Larry Bird
 Sir Donald Bradman
 Roberto Clemente
 Ty Cobb
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Fausto Coppi
 Wilfredo Gómez
 Wayne Gretzky
 Sir Edmund Hillary
 Magic Johnson
 Michael Jordan
 Martina Navratilova
 Diego Maradona
 René Higuita
 Sir Stanley Matthews
 Christy Mathewson
 Jesse Owens
 Jack Nicklaus
 Pelé
 Jackie Robinson
 Boris Becker
 Babe Ruth
 O. J. Simpson
 Tris Speaker
 Mike Tyson
 Hulk Hogan
 Ted Williams
People widely known for something bad 
 Idi Amin
 Mohamed Atta
 Bonnie and Clyde
 Ted Bundy
 James Burke (gangster)
 Al Capone
 Mark David Chapman
 Leon Czolgosz
 Jeffrey Dahmer
 John Dillinger
 Pablo Escobar
 John Wayne Gacy
 Carlo Gambino
 Ed Gein
 Nathuram Godse
 Joseph Goebbels
 Emma Goldman
 John Gotti
 Heinrich Himmler
 Adolf Hitler
 Tom Horn
 Saddam Hussein
 Jim Jones
 Theodore Kaczynski
 Osama Bin Laden
 Lucky Luciano
 Charles Manson
 Timothy McVeigh
 Benito Mussolini
 Lee Harvey Oswald
 Carl Panzram
 Gavrilo Princip
 Sacco and Vanzetti
 Jack Ruby
 James Earl Ray
 Harold Shipman
 Bugsy Siegel
 O. J. Simpson
 Sirhan Sirhan
 Josef Stalin
 Aileen Wuornos
 Mao Zedong

Years 
Note: movie years before or after the twentieth century are in italics.
Brussels (, , ) is the capital city of Belgium and the European Union. 

In 2007, 145,917 people lived there. But the area around it, known as the Brussels-Capital Region, had 1,031,215 people (which makes it the largest city area in Belgium).

The people of Brussels speak mainly French and Flemish (a type of Dutch). There are lots of other languages spoken as well, because the European Union offices are there and because many thousands of immigrants from all over the world live there.

The city is at 50° 50 North, 04° 21 East. It has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification). 

Thirty-one people were killed in a terrorist attack on 22 March 2016.

Influence
Many popular European comics came from Brussels, such as Tintin, The Smurfs, Snorks, and Lucky Luke. 

It is also well known for a style of building known as Art Nouveau.

The vegetables Brussels sprouts are named after the city, and Brussels is also famous for its waffles and its chocolates.
A lot of tourists visit Brussels for the statue "Manneken Pis".

References

Other websites
Interactive map of Brussels
Site of the Brussels-Capital Region
About the Cartoon Wall Paintings in Brussels
Thuringia (German: Thüringen) is a Bundesland of Germany. It lies in central Germany and has an area of . This means Thuringia is the sixth smallest state in Germany by area. It has 2.1 million inhabitants, so it is the fifth smallest state in Germany by population. The capital is Erfurt.

History 
 1920 the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, the Duchies of Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Gotha (part of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) and the Principalities of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Greiz and Gera united to make the Free State of Thuringia.
 1949 Thuringia and Erfurt became a new state of the DDR
 1952 It became divided in three Districts Bezirke (Erfurt, Gera and Suhl)
 1990 Thuringia became a Bundesland in the reunited Germany.
Geography 
Thuringia borders on the German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Bavaria and Hesse.
The most conspicuous geographical feature of Thuringia is the Thuringia Forest (Thüringer Wald). In the northwest Thuringia includes a small part of the Harz mountains. The Saale river runs through Jena.
The biggest mountain in Thuringia is with 982m the Großer Beerberg in the
Thuringia Forest.

List of Minister-Presidents of Thuringia 
 1945: Hermann Brill
 1945 - 1947: Rudolf Paul
 1947 - 1952: Werner Eggerath
 1990 - 1992: Josef Duchac
 1992 - 2003: Bernhard Vogel (CDU)
 2003 - 2009: Dieter Althaus (CDU)
 2009 - 2014: Christine Lieberknecht (CDU)
 since 2014: Bodo Ramelow (Die Linke)

Cities in Thuringia 
 Erfurt
 Gera
 Jena
 Weimar
 Suhl
 Eisenach
 Gotha

References
Saxony ( ; ), officially the Free State of Saxony (German:  , Upper Sorbian: ), is one of 16 states of Germany. It is in the southeast of the country, north of Czech Republic. To the east of Saxony is Poland. The biggest city is Leipzig. The capital is called Dresden. It was founded in 1990.

Geography 
Saxony is the border of Germany to the two countries Poland and Czech Republic. In the north of Saxony is Brandenburg, another German state. Saxony's west border is to Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Bavaria. A big part of the border to the Czech Republic are the Ore Mountains in the south of Saxony.

Cities and towns

Districts 
Saxony is divided into 3 administrative districts (Chemnitz, Dresden and Leipzig). These are subdivided into 10 districts:

(The car licence plate of the areas are in brackets)

Urban districts 
Saxony has three urban districts which do not belong to the rural districts.
 Chemnitz (C)
 Dresden (DD)
 Leipzig (L)
History 
The first Free State of Saxony was founded in 1918, after the first World War. After the second World War, in 1945, the "country of Saxony" was founded. Later the Country was divided into 3 administrative divisions of the German Democratic Republic, and thus robbed of its sovereignty.

In 1990 the Free State of Saxony was officially re-founded as a part of Germany.

Population development 
The number of people in Saxony since 1905:

Other websites 
 Official governmental portal 
 Nature of Saxony 
 Facts about Saxony (Statistisches Landesamt) 
 
 Christmas time in Saxony
 some facts about Saxony

References

 
1990 establishments in Germany
Internet Explorer (IE); formerly known as Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer, was a series of graphical web browsers made by Microsoft. It was part of the Microsoft Windows operating system, starting in 1995. It was first released as part of the add-on package Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95, that year. Later versions were free downloads, or in service packs, and included in releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows.

IE has been the most popular web browser since 1999, with up to 95% usage share during 2002/2003 with IE5 and IE6. Since its peak of popularity, its usage share has decreased to 55% due to rival web browsers, and is slowly trending downward. Microsoft spent over $100 million per year on IE in the late 1990s, with over 1000 people working on it by 1999.