Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
R.E.M. is an American rock band. It was formed in Athens, Georgia in 1980. R.E.M. was one of the first popular alternative rock bands. R.E.M. released its first single, "Radio Free Europe" in 1981. The lead singer of the band was Michael Stipe.

During the 1980s, R.E.M. were one of the most important rock bands in the campus radio movement. They became successful internationally in 1987, when they released the songs, "The One I Love" and "It's The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine)". They were very popular in the early 1990s and broke-up in 2011. They have been inducted in to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Associated With
Associated With

R.E.M. has been associated with many different bands within the years. Most of them from different parts of the world.
 Warren Zevon
 Mercury Return
 Radiohead
 Dude3
 Microband
 Bruce Springsteen
 Pearl Jam
 Foo Fighters
 Coldplay
 Chris Martin
 Michael Stipe (REM lead singer)
 Mike Mills (REM base guitar player)
 Peter Buck (REM lead guitar player)
 Bill Berry (REM dummer 1979 - 1997)
 William Thomas (REM drummer from 1998)
 Neil Young (REM guitarist on "Country Feedback" at Bridge School Benefit Festival - 17, 18 & 19 October 1998)
 Thom Yorke (REM guitarist and backing singer on "E-Bow The Letter" at Tibetan Freedom Concert - 14 June 1998
 Michael Casi
 Patti Smith
 Foot Fighters
 Stipe: R.E.M. Tribute Band
 Monster: R.E.M. Tribute Band
 Drive: R.E.M. Tribute Band
 Dead Letter Office: R.E.M. Tribute Band
Leonard Cohen

Discography
Albums & DVDs 
 Chronic Town (1982)
 Murmur (1983)
 Reckoning (1984)
 Fables of the Reconstruction (1985)
 Lifes Rich Pageant (1986)
 Dead Letter Office (1987)
 Document (1987)
 Green (1988)
 Tourfilm (1989)
 Parallel (1990)
 The Best Of R.E.M. - IRS Years (1991)
 Out of Time (1991)
 Automatic for the People (1992)
 Monster (1994)
 New Adventures In Hi-Fi (1995)
 Road Movie (1996)
 Up (1998)
 Man on the Moon Soundtrack (1999)
 Rock In Rio (2001)
 Live at Cologne (2001)
 Reveal (2001)
 In Time: The Best Of R.E.M. 1988 - 2003 (2003)
 T In The Park (2003)
 Perfect Square (2004)
 iTunes Origanals (2004)
 Around the Sun (2004)
 The Best Of R.E.M. - IRS Years #2 (2006)
 Album:#9 Dream (2007)
 R.E.M. Live (2007)
 Live at the Olympia (2007)
 Accelerate (2008)
 Oxygen [Five Songs] (2008)
 Movistar Arena - 3 November 2008 (2009)
 Austin City Limits (2010)
 Part Lies, Part Truth, Part Heart, Part Garbage (2011)
 Collapse into Now (2011)
 Unplugged: The Complete 1991 and 2001 Sessions (2014)
Complete Rarities: Warner Bros. 1988 - 2011 (2014)
 REMTV (2014)
Singles
 Permanent Vacation (1980)
 Bubblegum Pop (1981)
 Wolves, Lower (1981)
 Radio Free Europe (1982)
 Talk About The Passion (1983)
 Perfect Circle (1983)
 We Walk (1984)
 Haborcoat (1984)
 7 Chinese Bros. (1984)
 Pretty Persuasion (1984)
 So. Central Rain (1985)
 (Don't Go Back To) Rockville (1985)
 Little America (1985)
 Feeling Gravity's Pull (1985)
 Maps and Legands (1985)
 Hyena (1985)
 Begin the Begin (1986)
 These Days (1987)
 Fall on Me (1987)
 Cuyahoga (1987)
 Superman (1987)
 Burning Hell (1987)
 Welcome To The Occupation (1987)
 Finest Worksong (1988)
 Pop Song 89 (1988)
 Get Up (1988)
 You Are The Everything (1988)
 Stand (1989)
 World Leader Pretend (1989)
 I Remember California (1989)
 Eleven Untitled Track (1989)
 Radio Song (1991)
 Losing My Religion (1991)
 Country Feedback (1992)
 Me In Honey (1992)
 Try Not To Breathe (1992)
 The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite (1992)
 Drive (1993)
 Everybody Hurts (1993)
 Crush With Eyeliner (1993)
 What's the Frequency, Kenneth? (1994)
 Electrolite (1994)
Electrolite (1994)
 Tongue (1995)
 Bang and Blame (1995)
 How The West Was Won And Where It Got Us (1995)
 The Wake-Up Bomb (1995)
 Undertow (1995)
 Binky The Doormat (1995)
 Bittersweet Me (1995)
 Be Mine (1996)
 So Fast, So Numb (1996)
 Airportman (1997)
 Lotus (1998)
 Suspicion (1999)
 Falls to Climb (1999)
 The Great Beyond (2000)
 The Lifting (2000)
 I've Been High (2001)
 All The Way To Reno (2001)
 She Just Wants To Be (2001)
 Imitation of Life (2002)
 Animal (2003)
 Bad Day (2003)
 The Worst Joke Ever (2003)
 Leaving New York (2005)
 Electron Blue (2005)
 Living Well Is The Best Revenge (2008)
 Man-sized Wreath (2009)
 Discoverer (2010)
 ÜBerlin (2012)
Further reading 
 Buckley, David. R.E.M.: Fiction: An Alternative Biography. Virgin, 2002. 
 Platt, John (editor). The R.E.M. Companion: Two Decades of Commentary. Schirmer, 1998. 
 Fletcher, T. Remarks: the story of R.E.M. Omnibus, 1989. .
 Gray, M. It crawled from the South: an R.E.M. companion. Guinness, 1992. .
 Sullivan, Denise. Talk About the Passion: R.E.M.: An Oral Biography. Underwood-Miller, 1994.

Other websites 

 Official R.E.M. website

1980s American music groups
1980 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2011 disestablishments in the United States
American rock bands
Brit Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 1980
Musical groups from Georgia (U.S. state)
Warner Bros. Records artists
If something is finite, it means it will end. The opposite is infinite. There are many uses of this word, for example:

 A finite number is a number which is not equal to ; all real numbers are finite.
 A finite set is a set that has a certain number of elements.
 A finite verb is a term from linguistics that means that a verb is of a form that tells person and tense.
The State of Israel is a country in southwestern Asia on the eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea. Israel is the only Jewish country, and the spiritual home for Jews all over the world. Israel's population was 8.1 million people in 2013 and 6.04 million are Jewish. Almost all the other citizens of Israel are Arab (1.6 million) and include Muslims, Christians, and Druze. Israel's largest city is Jerusalem. Israel's capital city is Jerusalem (limited recognition). Most countries keep embassies in Tel Aviv.

Israel is a small country, but it has mountains, deserts, shores, valleys and plains. The climate is hot and rainless in the summers with high humidity in the coastal plain and lower elevations, and cool and rainy in the winters, rarely going below freezing temperatures.

Israel has few natural resources and imports more goods than it exports. It has a relatively high standard of living and life expectancy. Almost all of its people can read and write.
According to the Democratic Index, Israel is the only democratic republic in the Middle East. According to Freedom House, Israel is the only full democracy in the Middle East. It has a long history of conflict with Palestine.

History 
The country's history goes back thousands of years, to ancient times. Two world religions, Judaism and Christianity, began here. It is the place where the Jewish nation and religion first grew. Jews and Christians call it the Holy Land, because it is the place of many events described in the Bible, and because some commandments of Jewish law can be accomplished only on its soil.
Premodern 
From the time of the first Jewish patriarch Abraham four thousand years ago, the land now called Israel were populated by Canaanites and other Semitic peoples. Around 1400 BCE, another Semitic people, called the Hebrews, settled in Canaan under the leadership of Moses and Joshua. They were named the “Children of Israel” or “Israelites”: which were divided into 12 tribes. A few centuries later, the Hebrews made Saul, as their leader. The next king, David, began the Kingdom of Israel in about 1000 BCE and made the city of Jerusalem his capital.  His son, Solomon, built the first Temple for the worship of their God. Solomon died in about 928 BCE. His kingdom broke into two countries. The northern country kept the name Israel.  The southern country, called Judah, kept Jerusalem as its capital.
The Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel in 732 BCE and the Babylonians conquered the Kingdom of Judah in 586 BCE and destroyed Solomon's Temple.  Many Jews returned from Babylonia and built a country again and rebuilt the Temple. First the Persians, then the Greeks and then the Romans ruled the Land of Israel.

The Jews fought against the Romans but the Romans defeated them. In 70 CE, the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Second Jewish Temple there.  Again, in 135 CE, the Romans defeated the Jews and killed or took many of them to other places.  The number of Jews living in Israel became much smaller. Many were forced to live in other countries. This spreading of Jewish communities outside of Israel is called the Diaspora.

Many of the Jews who remained moved to the Galilee. Jewish teachers wrote important Jewish books, called the Mishnah and part of the Talmud there, in the 2nd to 4th centuries CE.
The Romans began to call this region by the word that became Palestine in English.  The Roman and then the Byzantine empires ruled until 635 CE, when Arabs conquered the region. Different Arab rulers, and for a while Crusaders, ruled the land. In 1516, the Ottoman Empire conquered the land and ruled the region until the 20th century.

Modern
Since the Diaspora, there have been many attempts to make a new homeland for the Jewish people. In the 1880s, this wish for a Jewish nation in Israel became a movement called Zionism. Jews from all over the world began to come to the area and settled in desert zones, then governed by the Turkish and later by the British Governments.
On 14 May 1948, British control over Palestine ended. The Jewish inhabitants (under the leadership of David Ben-Gurion) declared independence for the new Jewish state. Immediately following Israel's declaration of independence, the armies of several nearby countries – including Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq – attacked the new country. After a year of fighting, a ceasefire was declared and temporary borders, known as the Green Line, were established. Jordan annexed what became known as the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Egypt occupied the Gaza Strip. The UN estimated that more than 700,000 Palestinians were expelled by or fled from advancing Israeli forces during the conflict—what would become known in Arabic as the Nakba ("catastrophe"). Since the 1980s, Israel's main military opponents have been Islamist groups, such as Hezbollah.

Geography
Geography 

The countries of Lebanon and Syria are to the north of Israel; Jordan is on the east; and Egypt is to the southwest. Israel also controls the West Bank of the Jordan River.

Israel has a long coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. In the south, the town of Eilat is on the Gulf of Aqaba, which is part of the Red Sea.

The Galilee is a fertile and mountainous region in the north. There is a flat plain called the Coastal Plain to the west, near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The Negev Desert is a barren area of flat plains, mountains, and craters in the south. There is a range of mountains in the center that runs from the north to south.

On the eastern side, there is a low area called a depression. The Hula Valley and the Sea of Galilee are in this low area in the north. The Jordan River runs from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. The land next to the Dead Sea is the lowest in the world. It is -426 meters below sea level.
The weather is normally hot and dry in the summer and mild to cool in the winter. Rain falls mostly in the winter (between the months of November and April). There is more rain in the north than in the south, and hardly any rain in the desert. Snow falls in higher elevations. Israel built a very big irrigation system to bring water from the north to the dry areas in the south so that crops can grow there also.

Jerusalem is the biggest city in Israel. Tel Aviv, Haifa, Beersheba and Rishon LeZion are also large cities. Israel says that its capital city is Jerusalem. Most countries do not recognize that. They treat Tel Aviv as the capital.

Government

National government
Israel is a parliamentary democracy. All Israeli citizens who are 18 years or older may vote.  The Israeli parliament is called the Knesset. The Knesset has 120 members. Each member is elected for no more than four years at a time. The Knesset makes laws, helps decide national policy, and approves budgets and taxes.
Voters do not vote for individual candidates in Knesset elections. Instead, they vote for a party. This party makes a list with all its candidates. The list may have only one candidate or as many as 120 candidates. In an election, the percentage of the vote that each list wins decides how many representatives, or seats, the party gets in the Knesset. For example, if a party list gets 33 percent of the vote, it gets 40 Knesset seats.

Israel has no written constitution. Instead, the Knesset made "Basic Laws". The Basic Laws say how the government must work and give civil rights to the citizens.
The Prime Minister is the head of Israel's government. He or she is usually the leader of the party that has the most seats in the Knesset. The prime minister must keep the support of a majority of Knesset members to stay in office. He or she appoints ministers to the cabinet. The Knesset approves appointments to the Cabinet. The ministers are responsible for subjects such as education, defense, and social welfare. The prime minister is the head of the cabinet and decides the topics of cabinet meetings and makes the final decisions.

Benjamin Netanyahu has been the Prime Minister since December 2022.

The President is the head of state. The Knesset elects the president for seven years.  Most of the president's duties are ceremonial: The president signs laws and treaties approved by the Knesset, appoints judges, and members of some public organizations. He or she also accepts the documents from ambassadors and foreign diplomats bring when they are appointed.
Isaac Herzog has been the President since July 2021.

Politics 

Israel has many political parties, with a large variety of opinions. In the elections of 2020, 20 parties won seats in the Knesset.

The parties belong to three main groups. The biggest groups are the Zionist parties. These include the conservative liberals, such as HaLikud; social democrats, such as HaAvoda (Labor Party); and the religious Zionists. There are also smaller religious Orthodox Jewish parties, special-interest parties, and Israeli Arab parties.

A single party usually does not win enough seats in the Knesset by itself to have a majority, so one of the bigger parties asks for support from the other parties, including the religious parties, to form a coalition government. This gives these parties a lot of power although they are small.
The Likud supports free market policies and limited government involvement in the economy. Likud  believes strongly in protecting Israel's security. It wants to give less away in the peace process for a negotiated agreement with the Palestinians and the Arab states.

The Labor Party supports government control of the economy, but also believes in a limited amount of free enterprise. The party says it will give more away for an agreement with the Palestinians and the Arab states.

Current Knesset is the 25th Knesset, sworn in on November 15, 2022. Current government is the Sixth Netanyahu Government, installed on December 29, 2022.

Economy 
At independence, Israel was a poor country with little agricultural or industrial production. But Israel's economy has grown tremendously since 1948.  The nation now enjoys a very high standard of living, despite having few natural resources and a limited water supply.
Many immigrants came to Israel in the years immediately after independence.  Many of these immigrants were skilled laborers and professionals who greatly aided the nation's economic development.

Service industries
Many of Israel's service industry workers are employed by the government or by businesses owned by the government. Government workers provide many of the services that are needed by Israel's large immigrant population, such as housing, education, and job training.

Tourism
Tourism is one of the country's important sources of income. Tourists visit many archaeological, historical, and religious sites; museums; nature reserves; and beach resorts in Israel.

Tourists support many of Israel's service industries, especially trade, restaurants, and hotels. Approximately 4 million tourists visited Israel in 2018.
Manufacturing 
Israeli factories produce such goods as chemical products, electronic equipment, fertilizer, paper, plastics, processed foods, scientific and optical instruments, textiles, and clothing. The cutting of imported diamonds is a major industry. Government-owned plants manufacture equipment used by Israel's large armed forces. Israel is the world's largest exporter of drones.  Tel Aviv and Haifa are Israel's major manufacturing centers.

Agriculture 

Agriculture formerly employed a much larger percentage of Israel's workforce. But much of the work once performed by people is now performed by machines. Important agricultural products include citrus and other fruits; eggs; grain; poultry; and vegetables.
The government develops, helps finance, and controls agricultural activity, including fishing and forestry.  Israel produces most of the food it needs to feed its people, except for grain.  Agricultural exports provide enough income to pay for any necessary food imports.  Most Israeli farmers use modern agricultural methods.  Water drawn from the Sea of Galilee irrigates large amounts of land in Israel.

Most Israeli farms are organized as moshavim or kibbutzim.  Israel also has some private farms.

Mining
The Dead Sea, the world's saltiest body of water, is Israel's leading source of minerals. Bromine, magnesium, potash and table salt are extracted from the sea. Potash, used mainly in fertilizers, is the most important mineral.

In the Negev Desert, there are mines for phosphates, copper, clay, and gypsum.

Energy
Energy

Israel has few energy sources. It has no coal deposits or hydroelectric power resources, and only small amounts of crude oil and natural gas. As a result, Israel depends on imported crude oil for gasoline and diesel for transportation, and coal producing electricity for its energy needs.

Solar energy – energy from the sun – is used widely to heat water for houses. Israel is developing other ways to use solar energy to power houses and factories.

In 2008, Israel began investing in building electric cars and the stations to charge them. There may also be large natural gas fields in the Mediterranean Sea that Israel could develop.

International trade
For 2006, Israeli exports grew by 11% to just over $29 billion; the hi-tech sector accounted for $14 billion, a 20% increase from the previous year.
Because it has few natural resources, Israel imports more goods than it exports.  The country's main imports include chemicals, computer equipment, grain, iron and steel, military equipment, petroleum products, rough diamonds, and textiles.

Israel's main exports are chemical products, citrus fruits, clothing, electronic equipment, fertilizers, polished diamonds, military equipment, and processed foods.  The nation's main trading partners include the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg); Germany; Italy; Switzerland; the United Kingdom; and the United States.

Transportation

Israel has a well-developed transportation system.  Most middle-class Israeli families either own a car or have one provided by their employer.  Paved roads reach almost all parts of the country.  Public transportation both in and between cities is provided primarily by bus.
Ben-Gurion Airport is Israel's main international airport. It is near Tel Aviv.  There are smaller airports are located at Atarot, near Jerusalem, and at Eilat.  El Al, Israel's international airline, flies regularly to the United States, Canada, Europe, and parts of Africa and Asia.  Israel has three major deepwater ports: Haifa, Ashdod, and Eilat.

Communications

Israel's communication system is one of the best in the Middle East.  Israel has about 30 daily newspapers, about half of which are in Hebrew.  The rest are in Arabic, Russian, Yiddish, or one of several foreign languages.  The Israel Broadcasting Authority, a public corporation set up by the government, runs the television and nonmilitary radio stations.

Related pages
 Israel at the Olympics
 Israel national football team
 List of rivers of Israel
 Jewish Autonomous Oblast

References 

Notes

Other websites
Other websites 

 Israel Government Portal  (English)
 Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (English)
 Israel Breaking News, News from Israel and the Middle East, updated daily.
 Israel-Times Daily News, Breaking News: World, USA, Europe, Asia and Israel.
 Haaretz Daily Newspaper, News from Israel in English.
 Israel national news, News from Israel in English.
 A Brief History of the Jewish people
 State of Israel -Citizendium

 
1948 establishments
Lake Champlain is a natural freshwater lake in North America along the borders of New York and Vermont and partially across the United States-Canada border in the province of Quebec. The lake was named for the French explorer Samuel de Champlain, who came there in 1609.

A region of large freshwater lakes
Lake Champlain is one of a large number of large lakes spread in an arc from Labrador through the northern United States and into the Northwest Territories of Canada.  Although it is much smaller than the Great Lakes of Ontario, Erie, Huron, Superior, or Michigan, Lake Champlain is a large body of fresh water. The lake is about  in area. It is about  long. At its widest point, it is about  wide. The maximum depth is about . It contains about 80 islands, including an the entire country of Grand Isle County in Vermont.
Colonial America and the Revolutionary War
 
In the colonial times, Lake Champlain gave an easily blocked water (or, in winter, ice) passage between the Saint Lawrence and the Hudson Valleys.  Boats and sledges were usually preferable to the unpaved and frequently mud-bound roads of the time.  The northern tip of the lake at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec (St. John in colonial times) is a short distance from Montreal.  The southern tip at Whitehall (Skenesborough in colonial times) is a short distance from Saratoga, Glens Falls, and Albany, New York.
Forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point (Fort St. Frederic) controlled passage of the lake in colonial times.  Important battles were fought at Ticonderoga in 1758 and 1777.  A important naval battle was fought in 1776 at Valcour Island: in the Battle of Valcour Island, Benedict Arnold delayed British ships enough to prevent the fall of these forts until the following year, allowing the Continental Army to grow stronger and allowing the later victory at Saratoga.

Other websites

Lakes of the United States
Lakes of Canada
Geography of Vermont
Geography of New York (state)
Geography of Quebec
Biosphere reserves
is a Japanese athlete.  She is best known as a figure skater. She is a five-times Japanese National Champion, three-times World Championships medalist, and 2003-2004's Grand Prix Final Champion.

Profile 
Suguri is expressive, her program is called "Suguri World". Her younger sister Chika Suguri is figure skater likewise, too.

She was first Japanese skater to win the ISU Grand Prix Final in 2003, and got more Four Continents Championships titles in 2005, and got more World Championships medals than other Japanese figure skater in 2006.

Records

References

Other websites 

  
 

Japanese figure skaters
1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kanagawa Prefecture
The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. It was created by Congress under the Occupational Safety and Health Act and was signed by President Richard M. Nixon, on December 29, 1970. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by making and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety and health.  As of March 2006, the agency is headed by Assistant Secretary of Labor Edwin Foulke.

Related pages
Occupational Safety and Health
References and suggested reading 
American National Standards Institute (1996); “Workshop on International Standardization of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Is there a Need?” Workshop proceedings. Rosemont, Illinois, May 7-8, 1996. 
American National Standards Institute (2005): “American National Standard – Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems.” Draft document. 
Adams, E. (1976) "Accident Causation and the Management System" in Professional Safety, October, pp 26-29.
Anton, T. (1979) Occupational Safety and Health Management, McGraw Hill, New York.

Other websites 
  OSHA website and public contact website.
 Full text of the OSH Act 
 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
 OSHA Office of Education and Training 
 Current 29 CFR Books in Digital Format 

United States government agencies
United States Department of Labor
Medical and health organizations in the United States
1970 establishments in the United States
Arsenio Hall (born February 12, 1956) is an American actor and comedian. He hosted his own television talk show, The Arsenio Hall Show, from 1989 to 1994 on the Fox network. He also had his own sitcom on ABC titled, Arsenio.

Hall co-starred with Eddie Murphy in the movies Coming to America and Harlem Nights. After his own television series ended, Hall sometimes guest-starred on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.

Hall was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Other websites 

Actors from Cleveland
African American actors
African American comedians
African American television personalities
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from Cleveland
Television personalities from Ohio
1956 births
Living people
Bezenye is a village in the north-west of Hungary.  It is very close to the border with Slovakia and only 9 km from the Slovakian capital city Bratislava. The population is about 1600.

Archaeologists  have found things under the ground which show that the first people to lived there were Old Germanic tribes.  Later, Hungarian (Magyar) people lived there.  Then troops from Turkey destroyed a lot of the village and the people fled.  New people came to live in the area: Croatians and Germans.  The Croatians called the village "Bizonja" and the Germans called it "Palersdorf".  "Bezenye" is the Hungarian name.  It comes from a Slav word "baza" meaning an elderberry tree.

After World War II many of the poorer Germans had to go and live in Germany.  New Hungarian families from Slovakia came to live in Bezenye.
Today Bezenye is not a typical Hungarian village.  The people speak a mixture of Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak and German.  The Roman Catholic church of the Blessed Virgin Mary has services in Hungarian and Croatian.

References
 "The Slovak-Austrian-Hungarian Danubeland", compiled by Daniel Kollár;

Other websites 
 Bezenye.hu
 Street map (Hungarian) 

Villages in Hungary
Győr-Moson-Sopron County
The war had brought large new western territories to the British Empire but the Proclamation stated that American colonists could not settle or buy land west of a line along the Appalachian Mountains. This angered colonists. Settlers continued to flow into the Ohio River Valley, and Great Britain was unable to provide adequate protection for them. Also, the Proclamation gave Great Britain a monopoly in land bought from Native Americans. The later Quebec Act, 1774 extended the rights of French Catholics, thus further angering English Protestant settlers.

Opposition to the Proclamation

French 
 Boundaries of Québec were very limited.
 Catholics not permitted to run for office.
 Did not think the proposed assembly would represent the views of the population. 
 Were concerned about the future of the Roman Catholic Church.
 Could not fur trade outside the proclaimed boundaries.
British 
 Did not like the restrictions placed on fur trade.
 Colonists wanted to continue going west. Many veterans of the war against France had been given land beyond the line, and the Proclamation took it away. 
 Were not satisfied by the proposal for an elected assembly.
They did not have a say in it.

References 

1760s in the Thirteen Colonies
1763
Resistance to the British Empire
1760s in Great Britain
Inkscape is a vector graphics (pictures made from lines instead of dots) drawing program published under the GNU General Public License. Its stated goal is to become a really good drawing tool while being able to fit in with standards for SVG graphics.
Inkscape was first made for Linux, but now it is cross-platform and runs on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like operating systems. As of 2007, Inkscape is actively being made better, and new features are added all the time.

History 
Inkscape began in 2003 as a fork (break-off) of the Sodipodi project. Sodipodi, developed since 1999, was itself based on Raph Levien's Gill (Gnome Illustration Application).

Bibliography

Sources 

Free software
Graphics software
Cross-platform software
A land grant  is a gift of real estate - land or privileges - made by a government or other authority as a reward for services to an individual, especially as rewards for military service. Grants of land are also awarded to individuals and companies to help develop unused land in relatively unpopulated countries.

Roman soldiers were given rewards at the end of their service including cash or land (praemia). Augustus fixed the amount in AD 5 at 3000 denarii and by the time of Caracalla it had risen to 5000 denarii.

In old California, the King of Spain frequently gave land to people he liked, or who helped him.

References

Business
Property
Pope Leo XIII (; , March 2, 1810—July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 257th Pope from 1878 until his death.

Monsignore
Pope Gregory XVI granted Pecci the title Monsignore. In 1903, there were Golden Jubilee celebrations which recalled the 50 years since he was named a cardinal.

In 1846, he visited London where he had an audience with Queen Victoria.

Bishop
Pecci was Bishop of Perugia for thirty-two years, from 1846 to 1878.

Cardinal
Pope Pius IX raised him to the rank of cardinal in 1853.

Pope
In 1878, Cardinal Pecci was elected Pope.

After his election, Pope Leo never went outside the gates of the Vatican.

Pope Leo was in office until the age of 93. He was the oldest pope and had the second longest papal reign before Pope John Paul II. He is known as the "Pope of the Working Man."

Age age 93, the pope died from pneumonia and old age.
After his death 
The pope lay in State in St. Peter's Basilica.  His final resting place is the Basilica of St. John Lateran, which is the official seat of the Bishop of Rome.

Related pages
 List of popes
 List of popes by length of reign

References

Other websites

  "Pope Leo XIII" in Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913
  "Leo XIII" in Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
  Vatican webpage,  Leo XIII
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Gioacchino Cardinal Pecci
  Catholic Encyclopedia,  "List of Popes"

1810 births
1903 deaths
Italian popes
Konzum is Croatia's biggest supermarket chain. Konzum was opened in Zagreb in 1957, and today has 230 stores open in Croatia. Lately, Konzum's popularity has grown a lot in Croatia. In 1994,  Konzum joined the Agrokor group. Konzum supermarkets can also be found in Croatia's neighbouring country, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Konzum has relations with the Bosnian company, Velpro.

Sources

Other websites
 

Companies of Croatia
Supermarkets of Europe
20th-century establishments in Croatia
1957 establishments in Europe
Mother Teresa (26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun who started the Missionaries of Charity and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her work with people. For over forty years, she took care of needs of those without money, those who were sick, those without parents, and those dying in Calcutta (Kolkata), guided in part by the ideals of Saint Francis of Assisi. She was born in Skopje, Macedonia, and died in Calcutta.

As the Missionaries of Charity grew under Mother's leadership, they expanded their ministry to other countries. By the 1970s she had become internationally well known as an advocate for the poor and helpless, due in part to a movie and book, Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge. She did not think women had the right to have abortions and said "The greatest destroyer of peace is abortion because if a mother can kill her child, what is left for me to kill you and you to kill me?".
Following her death she was beatified (the first stage of sainthood) by Pope John Paul II and given the title Blessed Teresa of Calcutta. Mother Teresa was named a Saint on 4 September 2016 by his Holiness Pope at Saint Peter, Vatican. Mother Teresa recieved many awards like the Bharat Ratna in 1980 and Nobel prize in 1979 etc. She is known for serving humanity.

Criticism

Mother Teresa received criticism over the years, especially in recent years as debate about 

abortion grew. Christopher Hitchens says that, instead of trying to help the poor, she encouraged them to endure pain and continue to suffer. Hitchens also thinks she was against ending poverty and raising the social status of women. Hitchens wrote a book on Teresa called The Missionary Position. In an article for Slate, Hitchens writes "Mother Teresa was not a friend of the poor. She was a friend of poverty. She said that suffering was a gift from God".

References
References

Other websites 
 Mother Teresa of Kolkata information  
 Speech On Mother Teresa In English : Nobel Peace Prize Speech

1910 births
1997 deaths
Albanian people
Christian saints
Deaths from heart failure
Nuns
Order of Merit
People from Skopje
Roman Catholics
Joanna Noëlle Levesque (born December 20, 1990 ), known by her stage name JoJo, is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer. She was born in Brattleboro, Vermont and raised in Keene, New Hampshire and Foxborough, Massachusetts. She releases music under the R&B, pop, hip hop and soul music genres. She released her first album, JoJo, in June 2004. The album's first single "Leave (Get Out)" was number one on the US Billboard Pop Chart.

Filmography

Other websites 
 Official U.S. website
 
 
 MTV interview

References

1990 births
Living people
People from Brattleboro, Vermont
American child actors
American child singers
American movie actors
American R&B singers
American pop singers
American hip hop singers
American soul singers
American blue-eyed soul singers
American television actors
Musicians from New Hampshire
Musicians from Massachusetts
Musicians from Vermont
Singers from Massachusetts
Singers from Vermont
Singers from New Hampshire
Angela Aames (February 27, 1956 in Pierre, South Dakota – November 27, 1988 in West Hills, California) was an American actress. She was famous for her role in the movie Bachelor Party. She died of heart problems at the age of 32.

Other websites
 

1956 births
1988 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from South Dakota
People from Pierre, South Dakota
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from heart disease
Willie Aames (born Albert William Upton 15 July 1960 in Los Angeles, California) is an actor famous for the roles of Buddy Lembeck on Charles in Charge, Tommy Bradford on Eight is Enough and the voice of Hank on Dungeons & Dragons, the cartoon. He also hosted a game show The Krypton Factor from 1990-91.

References

Other websites 
 

1960 births
Living people
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
American child actors
American game show hosts
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from California
Participants in American reality television series
Screenwriters from California
Bruce Paul Abbott (born July 28, 1954 in Portland, Oregon) is an American actor. He was in movies such as Re-Animator, Bad Dreams, The Prophecy II, Out of Time, Bride of Re-Animator and the television series Dark Justice.

References

Other websites 
 

1954 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Oregon
American movie actors
American dancers
American movie directors
American movie producers
American stage actors
American television directors
American television producers
People from Portland, Oregon
William Alexander "Bud" Abbott (October 2, 1897 – April 24, 1974) was an American comedian, actor and producer. He was best known as the straight man half of the comedy duo Abbott and Costello.

Other websites 

 

1897 births
1974 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
Comedians from New Jersey
Abbott and Costello
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr. on April 16, 1947) is an American former professional basketball player and current assistant coach. He was known as Lew Alcindor before changing his name in the fall of 1971, several years after converting to Islam. He is considered one of the greatest players of all time. He has also had numerous television and movie appearances.

Early life
Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr., was born in Harlem, New York City, on April 16, 1947. His family was not poor: his father was a graduate of the famed Juilliard School of Music in virtuoso trombone. He attended Power Memorial High School in New York.

College
Alcindor went to college at UCLA. When he played on the freshman team, it beat the UCLA varsity team that had won two national championships. When he played on the varsity team, it won three national championships. When Alcindor was at UCLA, the NCAA did not allow the dunk, so he developed a hook shot called the skyhook. Alcindor also got a degree in history.
Professional basketball career 

Alcindor was drafted by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1969 NBA Draft. He lead the league in scoring twice with the Bucks. He also won three MVP awards with them. In 1975, Abdul-Jabbar was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers. He won three more MVP awards with them, as well as five championships. Abdul-Jabbar played in the NBA until 1989. When he left, he had scored 38,387 points, which is more than any other player has. He was also one of the ten most accurate players, and blocked the third-most shots. Abdul-Jabbar was placed in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1995.
Outside of basketball
Abdul-Jabbar studied martial arts with Bruce Lee, and appears in the Lee movie The Game of Death. He is also in the movie Airplane!. Abdul-Jabbar has written several books. Some of them are on basketball, but he has also written a book about the Harlem Renaissance. His book was later made into a documentary movie. Abdul-Jabbar has also been an assistant coach for several NBA teams. Usually, he has helped tall players play better. Abdul-Jabbar has had leukemia since 2009. He accepted Islam after the game. He became an assistant coach after he retired.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 Kareem's complete bio at NBA.com
 Kareem's page at the Basketball Hall of Fame 
 1967-68 Oscar Robertson Trophy  USBWA College Player of the Year
1947 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
African-American basketball players
American movie actors
American Muslims
Sportspeople from New York City
Los Angeles Lakers players
Milwaukee Bucks players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Betty Aberlin (born Betty Kay Ageloff December 30, 1942, New York City) is an American actress, poet, and writer. She had a regular role on The Smothers Brothers Show. Aberlin worked on many television programs. She played Lady Aberlin on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. Her movie roles include work in Dogma and Jersey Girl.

References

Other websites 
 

1942 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Jacob Allen "Jake" Abel (born November 18, 1987 in Canton, Ohio) is an American actor.

He is best known for his roles in movie Go Figure as Spencer, and in Threshold. He also played Kirk in an episode of The Suite Life of Zack and Cody.

References

Other websites 
 

1987 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Canton, Ohio
American movie actors
American child actors
Models from Ohio
Singers from Ohio
Baudrecourt is a village in the Lorraine region of France. It is about half way between Metz and Nancy. The TGV high-speed line from Paris to Strasbourg currently ends there. In 1999, 172 people lived there.

Communes in Moselle
Hayden Lesley Panettiere (born August 21, 1989) is an American actress, singer and a Grammy Award nominee.

She first appeared on TV as a baby in commercials, and had her first role at the age of four in the TV show One Life To Live. She is also well known for her work in trying to stop whaling. In January 2008, Panettiere spoke at an anti-whaling meeting in Washington D.C., and later spoke to representatives from Norway, Iceland and Japan.

Her brother is actor Jansen Panettiere.

Some of her acting roles 
1994–97: One Life To Live (soap opera)
1998: A Bug's Life (the voice of Dot)
2000: Remember the Titans 
2001: Joe Somebody 
2004: Raising Helen 
2005: Racing Stripes (voice)
2006–10: Heroes 
2010: Alpha and Omega (movie) (voice of Kate)
2011: Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy (as Amanda Knox)
2011: Scream 4
2012–2018: Nashville
2014-2015: Alpha and Omega 2 (movie) (voice of Kate)

References
References 

Actors from New York (state)
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Singers from New York (state)
1989 births
Living people
Avatar: The Last Airbender (abbreviated as ATLA), also known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang or just Avatar, is an American anime-influenced Animated television series. The series was created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. It was produced by Nelvana Limited. The series was on Nickelodeon for three seasons. The pilot episode, The Boy in the Iceberg, was first broadcast on February 21, 2005. The last episode, Sozin's Comet, was broadcast on July 19, 2008.
Avatar: The Last Airbender received high ratings when it was broadcast. Its highest rating was 5.6 million people. The series was made for young viewers. Even people who were not 6 to 11 watched and liked it. Critics also like the show. They think its characters, art, music, and writing are all very good. In addition, Avatar: The Last Airbender talks about difficult things that children's shows do not talk about often. These include war, genocide, imperialism, and free will. The show has won many awards. It has won five Annie Awards, a Genesis Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, a Kids' Choice Award, and a Peabody Award. Many people think Avatar: The Last Airbender is one of the best animated series of all time.
There is a franchise of things related to Avatar: The Last Airbender. One of these is an animated sequel series, The Legend of Korra, that tells what happens 70 years after the events of the first show. The Legend of Korra premiered in 2012 and ended in 2014. There are also two prequel novels, a live-action film, and a series of comics, which are still being made. In July 2018, the complete series was released on Blu-ray. This was to celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the ending of the show. The show was released on Netflix in the United States and Canada in May 2020. It was also released on Paramount+ in June 2020 and on Amazon Prime Video in January 2021. A live action version is currently being made by Netflix.

Episodes
Avatar: The Last Airbender takes place in a world that is home to humans, fantastic animals, and spirits. The world is divided into four nations: the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Air Nomads, and the Fire Nation. Each nation bases its society on the element (water, earth, fire, or air) that is in its name. Some people who live in each nation have the power to magically control and use, or "bend," the element of that nation. Those people are called "benders." They can use their powers of bending to fight. The way that the show portrays the fighting style from each nation is based on a martial art from real life. For instance, "waterbenders" (people who can magically control and use water) have a fighting style that is based on tai chi chuan from real life. Earthbending is mostly based on Hung Ga kung fu. Firebending is like Northern Shaolin kung fu. And Airbending is similar to baguazhang
. Each nation is also connected to a season: autumn for the Air Nomads, winter for the Water Tribe, spring for the Earth Kingdom and summer for the Fire Nation.
In the world that Avatar: The Last Airbender shows, there is always only one person alive who can bend all four elements. That person is called the "Avatar." When one Avatar dies, he or she is reincarnated, or born again in another body. The Avatar's next body always belongs to the next nation in the Avatar Cycle. The cycle always goes in this order: water, earth, fire, air. Then it starts over again with water. The Avatar must learn how to bend the elements in the same order. He or she begins by learning how to bend the element of the country where they were born. Then he or she learns the next three elements in order. Usually, it is a challenge for the Avatar to learn how to bend the element that is the opposite of their first, or "native," element. For instance, the main character of the show, Aang, was born to Air Nomads, so air was the first element he learned to bend. The "opposite" element to air is earth, so for Aang, it was difficult to learn earthbending
. This is because Earthbending focuses on steadiness and facing your opponent directly. This is different from airbending, which focuses on getting to your opponents in many different ways and changing your style quickly if it is necessary.
One special power that the Avatar has is called the "Avatar State." When an Avatar goes into the Avatar State, he or she gains all of the knowledge and abilities that all of the past Avatars have had. The Avatar State is a defense mechanism. An Avatar goes into this state automatically. However, if he or she practices for a very long time, he or she can control when they go into the Avatar State and what they do while they are in it.  If an Avatar is killed in the Avatar State, then the Avatar Cycle will be broken. Then there will be no more Avatars. Through the years, there have been many Avatars. They keep all of the four nations peaceful. Another special power that the Avatar has is being able to go into the Spirit World. He or she can link the physical world to the Spirit World. In this way, he or she can solve problems that regular benders cannot.

Season One (Book One: Water)
One hundred years before the story begins, a twelve-year-old Airbender named Aang learns that he is the new Avatar. He is not happy when he learns this, because he knows that being the Avatar is a big responsibility, and he does not think he is ready for it. He is also scared of having to leave his mentor, Monk Gyatso, whom he loves very much. Aang flees from home on his animal guide, a flying bison named Appa. But they fly into a big storm and crash into the ocean, and Aang goes into the Avatar State and freezes himself and Appa inside an iceberg. They are frozen in a state of suspended animation—they cannot move, grow older, or die. While this is happening, the Fire Nation is beginning a war against the other three nations. Fire Lord Sozin, the leader of the Fire Nation, knows that the new Avatar is an Air Nomad (because of the Avatar Cycle's pattern), so he kills all of the Air Nomads in a genocide
. This is because he wants to make sure that the Avatar, who is very powerful, will not be able to defeat the Fire Nation in the war. The Fire Nation army is able to kill all of the Air Nomads because a comet called "Sozin's Comet" made their bending much more powerful. But because the actual Avatar, Aang, is frozen in an iceberg, he is not killed. He is the only Airbender to survive the attack. For one hundred years, everybody in the world believes that the Avatar does not exist anymore.