Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Immigration Act of 1917 (also called the Literacy Act and the Asiatic Barred Zone Act) was a United States law to stop certain types of people from moving to the US to live. It was the first law to try and restrict immigration, rather than try to control it. People wanting to immigrate had to pass literacy tests. The law also created new categories of people who would not be allowed to immigrate. People from much of Asia were prevented from immigrating. 

The Immigration Act of 1924 made more restrictions. The laws stayed in place until changed by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (the McCarran–Walter Act).

1917 in the United States
Immigration
United States federal legislation
The Durance () is a river in southeastern France, a left tributary of the Rhône river. It is the longest river in Metropolitan France without a department named after it.

Geography
The Durance river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance in the Bouches-du-Rhône department at an altitude of , for a period of 95 years.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance

Course
The Durance starts in the pré de Gondran ("meadow of Gondran"), on the east side of the Sommet des Anges mountain, in the commune of Montgenèvre (a ski resort near Briançon), Hautes-Alpes department, at an elevation of about . It then flows to the southwest through the departments of Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Vaucluse and Bouches-du-Rhône.

Finally, the river flows into the Rhône river, as a left tributary, south of the city of Avignon.
The Durance only flows through two departments: Hautes-Alpes and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; it forms the border between two other departments but it does not flow through them: Vaucluse and Bouches-du-Rhône. It flows through the Var department only for a short distance.

It flows through the following communes, among others:
 Hautes-Alpes
Briançon
Embrun
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Sisteron
Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban
Manosque
Vaucluse
Pertuis
Cadenet
Cavaillon

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Durance river are:

Left tributaries:
 Cerveyrette - 22.8 km
 Guil - 51.5 km
 Vachères - 21.9 km
 Ubaye - 82.7 km
 La Blanche - 30.2 km
 Sasse - 38.4 km
 Vanson - 30.2 km
 Bléone - 67.5 km
 Rancure - 23.9 km
 Asse - 75.3 km
 Verdon - 165.7 km
 Réal - 22.5 km
 Anguillon - 20.1 km

Right tributaries:
 Clarée - 31.8 km
 Guisane - 27.7 km
 Avance - 20.6 km
 Luye - 22.6 km
 Buëch - 85 km
 Jabron - 36.5 km
 Lauzon - 25.2 km
 Largue - 55.4 km
 Èze - 24.3 km
 Aigue Brun - 22.8 km
 Coulon - 88.2 km

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Val de Durance  
Mixed syndicate working on the valley of the Durance 

Rivers of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Bhatgaon is a town in the Sarangarh Bilaigarh district of Chhattisgarh, India.

Location 
The National Highway 130B passes through Bhatgaon. The nearest airport is Raipur Airport. The nearest railway station is at Champa.

Members of Parliament

Bhatgaon Population Census 2011 - 2020 

 About Bhatgaon
 Caste Factor
 Work Profile
 2020 Bhatgaon
Bhatgaon Religion Data 2011

Bhatgaon Wards 

Towns in Chhattisgarh
Agender describes a person with no gender identity. It means that someone does not feel like they fall under any gender. "A-" is a prefix that means 'no' or 'none.' An agender person feels like as if they are neither a male nor a female. 

Agender is also referred to as "genderless", "genderqueer", or "ungendered". Some people who identify themselves as agender may also identify themselves as transgender. However, some don't, as some feel this implies that they identify as a gender other than their assigned gender at birth, and prefers to stick with "agender." Agender may be seen as a non-binary gender, or as a statement of not having a gender identity at all.

Some Agender people more also (but not necessarily) experience gender dysphoria if they are unable to express their identity as something they're comfortable with.
A majority of agender people prefer "they/them" as their pronouns, however, some agender people prefer unique pronouns such as "xe/xer" or "ze/zem", known as neopronouns, others can use conventional pronouns, such as he/him or she/her, or uncommon pronouns, such as one/one's or it/its. Some agender people wish to change their bodies to feel more comfortable, while other don't and prefer to stick with the body they already have. 

Despite identifying as not having a gender, Agender individuals can still identify under any sexuality, and should not be confused with asexuality.

Related pages 

 Neutrois

References 

Non-binary gender
Omar Efrain Torrijos Herrera (Feb 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981) was leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981, when he died in a plane crash. He is more commonly known as Omar Torrijos.

Torrijos was the Commander of the Military of Panama. Even though Panama had a President, Torrijos was the leader. He is best known for making a treaty to give Panama full control of the Panama Canal.

His son Martín Torrijos was elected president and served from 2004 to 2009.

References 

1929 births
1981 deaths
Anti-communists
Aviation deaths
Heads of state
Former dictators
Panamanian politicians
Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin was a Russian statesman and a Soviet diplomat. He was the Soviet Ambassador to the United States. He served during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Dobrynin worked with 6 American presidents. He was well liked in the United States.

Honours and awards
 Hero of Socialist Labour
 Five Orders of Lenin
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour
 Order of Honour

References

1919 births
2010 deaths
Russian communists
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union
Enrico Berlinguer (1922 - 1984) was an Italian politician. He was national secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from 1972 until his death.

Berlinguer was considered the most popular leader of the PCI. He is known for lessening the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Italy.

Berlinguer was an atheist.

References

1922 births
1984 deaths
Italian atheists
Italian communists
Italian politicians
People from Sardinia
Oosterscheldekering is a dam and storm surge barrier between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland. It is the largest of the 13 ambitious Delta Works made to protect the Netherlands from flooding from the North Sea.

Other websites

 DeltaWorks.org  - DeltaWorks.Org about Oosterscheldekering. Includes text, photos, video and virtual tour.

Flood control
Buildings and structures in the Netherlands
Geography of the Netherlands
Zeeland
Schouwen-Duiveland
Shem And Eber Cave (in Hebrew: Shem and Ever) is one of the sacred Jewish sites of Safed. the cave was sacred to the three monotheistic religions throughout history and located in the Old City of Safed. according to Jewish tradition in this cave - "Shem" the son of Noah and Eber was established a Beth midrash that Jacob was learning the Torah.

Other websites 
  Shem And Eber Cave in the Safed website
  Shem And Eber Cave in the kolhamevaser  website

Archaeological sites in Israel
1st millennium buildings and structures
Pasquotank County   is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,661. Its county seat is Elizabeth City. The county was originally created as Pasquotank Precinct and gained county status in 1739.

Pasquotank County is part of the Elizabeth City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area.

Pasquotank is the birth county of Nikita Pavlunenko.

References 

1730s establishments in North Carolina
1739 establishments
North Carolina counties
Ichirō Hatoyama was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan three times.

References

1883 births
1959 deaths
Prime Ministers of Japan
Baptists
University of Tokyo alumni
Politicians from Tokyo
Nobusuke Kishi was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan two times. Kishi was the grandfather of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the current Japanese Minister of Defense Nobuo Kishi, and the father-in-law of former Japanese Foreign Minister Shintaro Abe.

References

1896 births
1987 deaths
Anti-communists
Prime Ministers of Japan
World War II people
University of Tokyo alumni
Shinzo Abe
Politicians from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Camden is an town in Camden County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Camden County, a consolidated city-county. As of the 2010 census, the Camden had a population of 599

Camden is located on the eastern banks of the Pasquotank River, across from which lies Elizabeth City. It currently has two traffic lights, and is centered at the intersection of U.S. Highway 158 and North Carolina Highway 343. It boasts five schools: Grandy Primary School, Camden Intermediate School, Camden Middle School, Camden County High, and CamTech High School.

Camden is part of the Elizabeth City, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The Camden County Courthouse, Camden County Jail, Lamb-Ferebee House, and Milford are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Camden is the original home city of Nikita Pavlunenko.

References

Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
Census-designated places in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
A hearing test is a check for a person's sense of hearing to measure what kind of sounds they can hear and if they have any hearing loss. There are many types of hearing tests used to understand different things about a person's hearing. Hearing tests are also different for adults and children as well. It is mainly audiologists that do hearing tests and they will know what kind of hearing test a patient needs.

Types of hearing tests  
Since hearing loss does not always only make sound quieter and may make sound less clear too, there are many different hearing tests to use to understand what kind of hearing loss a person has.
Pure Tone Audiometry - the most common type of hearing test. A patient will listen to different sounds which are called pure tones. These sounds will be in different frequencies and softest sounds that can be heard are recorded. The two types of pure tone audiometry are air and bone conduction. If the results from these tests are different, this means that there is a problem with the outer and middle ear. 
Air Conduction - a type of tone test that uses earphones placed inside the ear
Bone Conduction - a type of tone  test that uses a small vibrator placed behind the ear that sends sound through the skull into the inner ear
Speech Recognition Test - used to measure how much a person can understand speech which it is at a normal noise level by making them repeat words that are heard. This tests how clear sound is
Hearing In Noise Test - similar to the speech recognition test, it is done by making the patient repeat words they hear. This will happen both in a quiet space as well as a noisy space and sound will come from different directions
Tympanogram - a small instrument is placed inside the ear and air is pumped in to change the air pressure. This test will show if there is a problem with the middle ear or ear drum
Acoustic Reflex Measures - test to find where the hearing problem is. The middle ear has a muscle that moves when there is loud sound. Measuring how loud sounds are before it stops moving can give information on where the hearing problem is in the ear. 
Static Acoustic Impedance - measures how much air is inside the ear canal. Can tell if ear drum has a hole in it  
Auditory Brainstem Response - tests the inner ear and brain. Electrodes are used to measure brain activity when sound is present.
An audiologist is a health professional in hearing and other auditory problems such as tinnitus and balance.

Role of an audiologist 
The role of an audiologist is to diagnose and treat hearing problems, minimising the impact these problems have on the lives of their patients. Audiologists will provide help that is customised to each patient to help them be able to communicate with the world around them.
Workplace  
The hearing services of an audiologist are used in many different settings but most work in health care. In health care, they are focused on the main role of an audiologist which is providing hearing health care services including testing for hearing loss and recommending treatment. Many audiologists can be found working with patients in hospitals, medical centers, private practices and in nursing homes.
Another workplace for audiologists is in education, which is another important role that they perform. They may be working in schools, in universities or even day care centers in order to educate students about hearing loss and prevention. These professionals understand the effect that hearing loss can have on a student's learning and can work with schools to recommend strategies to help build a more supportive environment for students. While they may be more focused on education, these audiologists are still also able to do hearing tests and checks on students and help them find the best solutions for their hearing problems.  

Other workplaces for an audiologist include work with the government and work in research.

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand.

Healthcare occupations
Hearing
The Safed Old Jewish Cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Israel. The cemetery has been used for hundreds of years as a burial place, including important people and important Jewish religious leaders. The cemetery is located along the western slope of Safed on the slope of Mount Canaan near the Amud River.

The New Cemetery 
The New Safed Cemetery is located under the Safed Old Jewish Cemetery.

Rabbi Isaac Luria Mikveh 
In the entrance to the cemetery is the ancient Mikveh that was used for the Rabbi Isaac Luria. His grave is located nearby.

The Military Cemetery 
The Military Cemetery of Safed that was used from 1948 is located to the north of the Safed Old Jewish Cemetery.

The Central Monument to the Olei Hagardom 
The Central Monument to the Olei Hagardom is located on the slope of Mount Canaan under the Military Cemetery.

Gallery

Other websites
Other websites 

 The Safed Old Jewish Cemetery on the official Safed website
 Database of the Safed Old Jewish Cemetery on Yichus.net website
  The Safed Old Jewish Cemetery on the Safed-Home website 

Cemeteries in Israel
Northern District (Israel)‎
The Tiberias Ancient Jewish Cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Israel. It has been used for thousands of years as a burial place for many people, including prominent figures of importance to Jewish heritage. It was closed in the 1990's. 

The cemetery is located along the eastern slope of Mount Berenice and near the Sea of Galilee. 

The Tomb of Rachel, Rabbi Akiva's wife, is an ancient tomb building located in the western part of the cemetery.

Gallery

Other websites 

  Tiberias Ancient Jewish Cemetery in the goisrael website 
  Tiberias Ancient Jewish Cemetery in the israeltripplanner website

Cemeteries in Israel
Cemetery
State schools  usually mean primary or secondary schools which educate children without charge. They are funded in whole or part by taxation. The term may also refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State schools have to follow the national curriculum for their country.

State schools may be called public schools outside of England and Wales.

By region or country

United States

In the United States, "state school" is colloquial for state university, a college, or a university in a state university system. "Public school" is used for elementary, middle, or high schools that get their money from the government or are run by the government. "Private school" is used for schools that do not get their money from the government, nor are they run by the government.

References
References

Other websites
 Explanatory article at the Good Schools Guide
 Public Education Network 
 Center on Reinventing Public Education
 The Story of American Public Education
 Public Education in the United States 
 History of Public Education in the United States
 

Types of educational institutions
The Ñeembucú department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Pilar. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-12.

The department is almost entirely rural, and there are some of the oldest and best-preserved Jesuit ruins, which are located near the town of Humaitá.

Geography
The Ñeembucú department is in the southwest of the Oriental region. It has an area of . It is the department with fewest people living in it, with a population of 84,123 for a population density of .

Limits
 To the north: Central department.
 To the east: Paraguarí and Misiones departments.
 To the south: Argentina
 To the west: Argentina

Climate
, the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Pilar was . The month with the most precipitation was February with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .
The average temperature for the year 2012 in Pilar was . The warmest month, on average, was January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

Districts
The department is divided in 16 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Gobernación de Ñeembucú website 
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
 Secretaria Nacional de Turismo  

Departments of Paraguay
Wohlen bei Bern is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is made of 12 villages: Hinterkappelen, Illiswil, Innerberg, Möriswil, Murzelen, Oberdettigen, Säriswil, Steinisweg, Uettligen, Unterdettigen, Weissenstein and Wickacker.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Wohlen bei Bern 

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Wolfisberg was a municipality in Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, Wolfisberg became part of Niederbipp.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities in Oberaargau
Worb is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Worben is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Seeland
Wynau is a municipality of the administrative district Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Oberaargau
Pontiac (c. 1720 – April 20, 1769) was a war chief. He became known for his role in Pontiac's War (1763–1766), an American Indian war against British military near the Great Lakes region and named for him.  Historians today generally view him as an important local leader who influenced a wider movement that he did not command.

The war began in May 1763 when Pontiac and 300 followers attempted to take Fort Detroit by surprise but their plan was foiled.

He gained confidence as he continued to go against the British. British officials made Pontiac the focus of their diplomatic efforts seeking to end the war.

Pontiac was killed on April 20, 1769.

References

 

1769 deaths
Native American people
Murdered Native American people
Wynigen is a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Emmental
Los Andes is a Chilean commune and city; it is the capital and main city of the Los Andes province, in the Valparaíso region.

History
Los Andes was founded in July 31, 1791 as Villa Santa Rosa de Los Andes by Ambrosio O'Higgins, Governor of Chile, in a place called Las Piedras Paradas ("The Standing Stones"). The town was named after Saint Rose of Lima, the first Catholic saint of the Americas.

Geography
The commune of Los Andes is in the upper part of the valley of the Aconcagua river, at and altitude of  above sea level. The commune has an area of . It is at  from San Felipe, at  from the national capital of Santiago and at  from Valparaíso, the capital of the region.

The commune is bordered on the north and northeast by the San Esteban commune, on the east by Argentina, on the south by the Calle Larga commune, on the southwest by the Rinconada commune and on the west and northwest by the San Felipe commune.
The city of San Felipe is along the Aconcagua river, the main river of the province and of the Valparaíso region.

Population
 (last national census), there were 60,198 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of Los Andes has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 55,127 inhabitants.

Its inhabitants are called Andinos (women, Andinas).

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Municipalidad de Los Andes website  

Cities in Chile
Valparaíso Region
Hayato Ikeda was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan 3 times.

In 1960 Ikeda made a plan called the "Income Doubling Plan". The plan would use construction to double the economy of Japan.

References

1899 births
1965 deaths
Politicians from Hiroshima
Prime Ministers of Japan
Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano  (; 17 August 1906 – 26 October 1980) was a Portuguese politician. He had many important positions in the government. In 1968 he became prime minister. In 1974 the military took leadership of Portugal in the Carnation Revolution. Caetano was removed from his position.

References

1906 births
1980 deaths
Portuguese lawyers
Politicians from Lisbon
Prime Ministers of Portugal
Portuguese Roman Catholics
Álvaro Barreirinhas Cunhal (; 10 November 1913 – 13 June 2005) was a Portuguese politician. He was secretary-general of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) from 1961 to 1992. He strongly supported the Soviet Union.

References

1913 births
2005 deaths
Communist politicians
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Atheists
Portuguese writers
People from Coimbra
San Antonio Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The port city of San Antonio is the capital of the province.

Geography
The San Antonio province has an area of , the third smallest province in the Valparaíso region; only the Quillota and Marga Marga provinces are smaller.

The San Antonio province is on the coast along the Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the north by the Casablanca commune (Valparaíso province), on the east by the Melipilla commune (Santiago Metropolitan region), to the south with the Navidad commune (Cardenal Caro province, O'Higgins region), and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

The San Antonio valley is a small region where wine is produced. It is very close to the sea around the city of San Antonio, at only  west of Santiago.

Population
 (last national census), there were 136,594 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².
The largest city of the province is San Antonio, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 87,205 inhabitants.

Administration
As a province, San Antonio is a second-level administrative division, consisting of six communes (comunas). The city of San Antonio serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Province of San Antonio website 

Provinces of Chile
Valparaíso Region
San Antonio is a Chilean commune and city; it is the capital and main city of the San Antonio province, in the Valparaíso region. It is one of the most important seaport of Chile.

The city is named after Saint Anthony ().

Geography

The city of San Antonio is just to north of the mouth of the Maipo, on small hills and dunes near the coast of central Chile, at and altitude of  above sea level.

The commune has an area of . It is at about  south of  Valparaíso, the capital of the region.

San Antonio is bordered on the north and northeast by the commune of San Esteban; on the east, by the commune of Melipilla and the Maipo river; on the south, by the same river and by the communes of Santo Domingo and San Pedro; and on the west, by the Pacific Ocean.

Population
 (last national census), there were 87,205 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of San Antonio has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 83,435 inhabitants.
San Antonio and several cities around it form a greater space, the Greater (or Conurbation) San Antonio.

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Municipalidad de San Antonio website  

Cities in Chile
Valparaíso Region
Fernando José Salgueiro Maia was a captain of the Portuguese army. His actions helped the Carnation Revolution remain peaceful.

References

1944 births
1992 deaths
Portuguese military people
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is an international activist group. They originated in the African-American community. They are against violence and systemic racism by white police officers towards black people.

History 
The movement began in 2013 with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media. It started after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the death of Trayvon Martin. It became famous for street demonstrations following the deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Garner. The former sparked riots and unrest in Ferguson, Missouri. The latter led to protests all over the United States.

After the Ferguson protests, participants in Black Lives Matter demonstrated against other African-Americans' deaths, such as Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Laquan McDonald, Philando Castile and Alton Sterling.

In 2020, during the George Floyd Protests, Black Lives Matter became much more widely accepted. Black Lives Matter filed a lawsuit against the police department of Seattle, Washington for violence against protesters.
Criticism 
The movement has also been criticized. In the New York Times, Deroy Murdock asked about the true number of black people killed by police, and about the way the BLM movement reported these killings. He wrote: "But the notion that America’s cops simply are gunning down innocent black people is one of today's biggest and deadliest lies". Some of the black leaders of the American civil rights movement criticized the tactics of the BLM movement. Glenn Loury, a professor for economics, warned about focusing on police violence against black people; the other side would only use this to compile statistics; in these statistics black people will be overrepresented. According to Loury, it would be better to reform social structures, so that people could benefit, irrespective of skin color. One of the examples he gave was early-age education.

References

2013 establishments in the United States
 
American civil rights
Rabi crops are grown in the winter and harvested in the spring in the South Asia.  The word means spring in the Arabic language.

Overview 
It is also called rabi harvest and spring harvest (also known as winter crop). The rabi crops are sown around mid-November, after the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting begins in April/May. The crops are grown either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground, or with irrigation. A good rain in winter spoils the rabi crop but is good for kharif crops.

Normally wheat barley, mustard, sesame and peas are grown in india. Peas are harvested early, as they are ready early: Indian markets are flooded with green peas from January to March, peaking in February.

Some of the example are:

Cereals 
wheat 
oat 
barley
 maize

Seed plants 

 alfalfa 
 linseed
 sesame
 cumin 
 coriander 
 mustard 
 fennel 
 Fenugreek
 isabgol

Vegetables 
pea
chickpea
onion
tomato
potato
Agriculture

References
On April 12, 2015, Freddie Carlos Gray, Jr (August 16, 1989 – April 19, 2015), a 25 year old African-American man from Baltimore, Maryland, was arrested by the Baltimore Police Department for having what police thought was an illegal switchblade. While being transported in a police van, Gray fell into a coma and had to be taken to a local trauma center as a result of the officers not securing him in the van.

Gray later died resulting from injuries to his spinal cord.

Six Baltimore police officers were suspended with pay.

Gray's hospitalization and death resulted in protests and riots in downtown Baltimore starting on April 25. There were multiple arrests and 15 police officers were injured. On April 27, following Gray's funeral, civil disorder intensified with the looting and burning of local businesses, and a CVS Pharmacy.

References

2015 in Baltimore
April 2015 events
Black Lives Matter
Deaths by person in the United States
Rizal Park (Liwasang Park in Tagalog) is a historical urban park in the Philippines. It is one of the largest urban parks in Asia.
The park is also known as Luneta National Park or simply Luneta.

Parks in Asia

Geography of the Philippines
The presidency of Abraham Lincoln began when he took office as the 16th President of the United States on March 4, 1861. It ended with his death on April 15, 1865. During his presidency he claimed more prerogatives than any other president had done before him. As a result, the small and relatively limited powers of the president grew enormously during his time in office. When Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, he did it without the support of any of the Southern states. Since the 1830s, Southern states had talked about secession, but it became a serious issue in 1860. Between the election and Lincoln's Inauguration in March of 1861, seven states had seceded from the Union. They formed the Confederate States of America (CSA). When Confederates attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 and captured it the next day, this started the American Civil War. While having little previous military experience, Lincoln still managed to stand out as a great war president
. In 1863, his Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in Southern states. It led directly to the abolition of slavery in the United States. Given later that year, his Gettysburg Address is and remains one of the most important speeches in American history. In 1865, as the Civil war was ending he was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer. His death made Lincoln a martyr to the Union cause. He is widely recognized as the greatest president in U.S. history.
Lincoln's 1860 presidential campaign 
By this time Lincoln was well-known in Illinois politics. In 1858 he had debated Stephen A. Douglas in a bid for the United States Senate and lost. At the time, U.S. senators were elected by their state legislatures. So both Lincoln and Douglas were trying for their respective parties to win control of the Illinois legislature. Although Illinois was a free state, the main issue of all seven debates was slavery.

Lincoln spent the next 16 months making speeches for a number of Republican candidates in the North. This both made him many political friends and also was in preparation for his run for President. Up to this time the strongest candidate was William H. Seward of New York. Seward was strongly opposed to slavery anywhere in the U.S. Lincoln took a more moderate view and was opposed to the spread of slavery in new states to the West.
In April 1860, the Democrats held their political convention, the Southern Democrats walked out and the convention closed without nominating a candidate. The two sides each held their own conventions two months later. 
Stephen Douglas was the candidate of the Northern Democrats. John C. Breckinridge ran for the Southern Democrats. John Bell, the Senator from Tennessee, ran for the Constitutional Union Party. The split in the Democratic party almost guaranteed Lincoln could win the presidency. At the beginning of 1860, Lincoln was not a major candidate for President. On November6, 1860, with 39% of the popular vote and a majority in the Electoral College, Lincoln was elected President. Voter turnout for the election was 81.2%, the second highest in American history.
Secession crisis of 1860–1861 
 
In November of 1860, with Lincoln the apparent winner, a crisis that had been smoldering for at least a decade erupted. Southerners were outraged by the election of Lincoln, who opposed slavery in territories and new states. They began to act almost immediately. James Chesnut, Jr., Senator from South Carolina, resigned just four days after the election. President James Buchanan only made things worse. In December, he wrote a message to Congress. In it he stated he thought secession was illegal. But he added that the federal government could not act to stop any states from leaving the Union. Northerners could not understand how Buchanan could say such a thing. After that, Buchanan's cabinet began falling apart. Howell Cobb, the Secretary of the Treasury who was from Georgia, told Buchanan he quit. A week later, Lewis Cass, the Secretary of State (from Michigan) left because Buchanan had done nothing to stop the secession crisis.
Lincoln's 1st inaugural address 
On March 4, 1861, Lincoln gave his first inaugural address as part of his being sworn in as 16th President of the United States. The speech was primarily addressed to the people of the South. It was intended to lay out Lincoln's intended policies and desires toward the South where seven states had formed the Confederate States of America. His speech was written in a spirit of friendship toward the seceded states. He touched on several points. Lincoln promised not to interfere with slavery in the states where it already existed. He said there would be no Federal hostility towards the states that had seceded for the time being. The Federal Government would “hold, occupy, and possess” its property. It would also collect its taxes. He closed his speech with the warning:
Lincoln administration 
Lincoln's presidency lasted for about four years. It ran from March 4, 1861 until he was shot by a Confederate sympathizer and died on April 15, 1865. Nearly all of his time in office was consumed by the Civil War. From his election by the Electoral College on February 15 to his inauguration on March 4, Lincoln had little time to assemble a cabinet.

Lincoln's cabinet
Lincoln's cabinet 

Lincoln's cabinet was unique in American history. It included all of his major rivals for the 1860 Republican nomination. As part of the political negotiations leading up to the nomination, some had been promised a position in the cabinet. It was not a harmonious group as most of them did not like each other. They had different ideas about governing the country, different ethics and different personalities. In particular, Simon Cameron, was forced on Lincoln by a deal struck with the Pennsylvania delegates at the Republican Convention. He already had a reputation for being incompetent and corrupt. Per the agreement he was Lincoln's Secretary of War.
Members included:
 Hannibal Hamlin, Lincoln's first Vice President (1861–1865).
 Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's second Vice President (1865–1865) and 17th President of the United States.
 Salmon P. Chase, United States Secretary of the Treasury. In 1864 he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
 Simon Cameron, Secretary of War (1861–1862).
 Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War (1862–1865).
 William H. Seward, Secretary of State (1861–1865).
 Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy (1861–1865).
 Montgomery Blair, Postmaster General (1861–1864).
 Edward Bates, Attorney General (1861–1864).
Domestic affairs 
The Lincoln administration found itself tasked with guiding the country through its darkest days. He inherited the problems from his predecessor, President James Buchanan. In his own inaugural address four years earlier, Buchan had called the issues of slavery “happily, a matter of but little practical importance.” Buchanan took the position he did not have the power to do anything about the impending civil war. He said: “It is beyond the power of any president, no matter what may be his own political proclivities, to restore peace and harmony among the states. Wisely limited and restrained as is his power under our Constitution and laws, he alone can accomplish but little for good or for evil on such a momentous question.” As the civil war approached, under Buchanan's presidency the country slid into a recession.
Rather than ignore or accept the situation, Lincoln had to mend a broken nation or see it torn apart. Between the presidential election and his inauguration, the seven states that seceded formed the Confederate States of America. Their constitution was patterned after the United States Constitution with four differences. It supported states' Sovereignty. It guaranteed slavery would always exist in the Confederate states. It did not allow the Southern Congress to establish protective tariffs. It also limited the term of president of the Confederate states to 6 years. Jefferson Davis was elected as president of the CSA. He was a Mississippi slave owner, a U.S. senator and had also been secretary of war under President Franklin Pierce. The CSA assumed several philosophical positions that differed from those of the United States. It assumed the United States was merely an association of sovereign states as they had been under the Articles of Confederation before the acceptance of the U.S. Constitution
.S. Constitution. They maintained that as such, each state was free to leave the association of states. The North saw the Union as a permanent country. Lincoln pointed out that each state had given up its own sovereignty when it ratified and accepted the Constitution. He also argued that no state had the right to revolt against their country, the United States of America. But Lincoln remained silent about the CSA from their formation until his inauguration. He repeated his campaign promise, that as President he would take no steps to stop or limit slavery in those states where it already existed. However, he did not accept the proposals made by the Peace Commission. Demonstrating his peaceful intentions, his inaugural address was aimed at preventing other Southern states from joining the CSA. They were not enemies. He would not attack the CSA but would keep and maintain all property of the United States government that existed in the Southern states.
The war lasted for four years. The North did not anticipate the South would fight almost to the last man to defend its "freedom". The South had no idea that the North, led by Lincoln, would show an iron will to preserve the Union at all costs.

Foreign affairs
Foreign affairs 

One of Lincoln's military strategies was to blockade the South's ports and approximately  of shoreline. At the start of the war, with only a few ships, this was all but impossible. By war's end, the Union had captured or destroyed 1500 blockade runners. But with nearly 5 out of 6 shops able to evade the blockade, Great Britain argued it was not recognized by international law as it was a "paper blockade." The Confederacy was able to ship only a small part of its main cash crop, cotton, to England during the war. Three years before the war the South had shipped 10 million bales of cotton a year. During the war they shipped a total of only 500,000 bales. But English manufacturers had stockpiled large quantities of Southern cotton from the huge exports before the war. What they had on hand carried them through most of the war.
British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston sent a fleet of naval warships to the western Atlantic in preparation for a surprise attack on New York City. They intended to use the world's largest ship, the SS Great Eastern as a troop transport. They saw a strike against New York would be a strike against the U.S. center of commerce. But in the spring of 1862, the British learned of the Union ironclad warship, the USS Monitor. This cancelled any invasion plans. While the British Navy had ironclad warships, they required deep water to navigate. The Monitor and Northern ships like her could destroy British ships should they try to blockade Northern ports. Russia was also concerned the British and/or French might step in. During the summer of 1862, a coalition of nations considered stepping in to mediate the war. These included Britain, France, Prussia, Austria and Russia. But in the fall of 1863, Tsar Alexander II of Russia sent his navy to protect the United States from any invasion by Great Britain and France
. Their Baltic fleet began arriving in New York harbor on September 24, 1863. The Russian Far East fleet was sent to San Francisco.
For the remainder of the war, most European countries had little to gain by recognizing the Confederacy as a sovereign nation. Lincoln was diplomatic in his handling of two Confederates who had been arrested on the British ship the Trent. He ordered them both released. Crop failures in Europe made Union agricultural products popular. Egypt and India were able to supply the cotton that was formerly bought from the South before the war. The Union was also a good customer for small arms and other manufactured goods from Europe. However, dozens of blockade runners and warships were constructed for the Confederate Navy by English shipbuilders during the war.

Lincoln as commander in chief
In 1861, the American Civil war was the first modern total war. And in 1861, nobody in the United States knew how to fight one. Men could be enlisted and war goods could be manufactured, but generals took time to train. The general in chief of the army in 1861 was Winfield Scott, in charge of an army of only about 16,000 men. Scott was both old and old school (meaning he had no modern training). Quite a few officers had been trained at West Point, but at the time West Point taught engineering, mathematics and fortifications. It taught very little about strategy and nothing about leading large formations of soldiers in the field. None had learned anything about staff work or how to manage an army except those few who could read French or who had any military experience in Europe. One of the worst problems is that field commanders did not even have accurate maps of the areas they had to move and fight in. Except in the West, local maps did not exist for many parts of the country
. Unlike Jefferson Davis, who did have military experience, Lincoln had almost none.
Lincoln faced a very steep learning curve when the war started. But Lincoln was a quick study. He had taught himself to be a lawyer. Learning military strategy proved to be something else he could do very well. He read books on strategy, military history and learned from the successes and failures of his troops in the field. He also learned from the enemy's military tactics. He learned so well that by 1862, historian T. Harry William said about him: "Lincoln stands out as a great war president, probably the greatest in our history, and a great natural strategist, a better one than any of his generals." Although there is no evidence he ever read Karl von Clausewitz's On War, his actions followed the book's central argument: "The political objective is the goal, war is the means of reaching it, and means can never be considered in isolation from their purpose. Therefore, it is clear that war should never be thought of as something autonomous but always as an instrument of policy."

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites 
 President Abraham Lincoln 1st Inaugural Address; YouTube
 Lincoln and Davis: War Presidents: YouTube
 Abraham Lincoln vs. the British Empire - part 1: YouTube
 Abraham Lincoln vs. the British Empire - part 2:YouTube

Abraham Lincoln
Wyssachen is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Oberaargau
Zauggenried was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Zauggenried, Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach and Schalunen merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.

Former municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
Zäziwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Bern-Mittelland
The PK is a machine gun designed in the Soviet Union and is still being used currently by the Russian Army. The PK went in production in 1961 and entered in 1969 to replace the Degtyaryov and the SG-43. The PK was designed by the AK-47 inventor named Mikhail Kalashnikov. The Russian factory produced over 1,000,000 PK machine guns since the 1960s and today. It’s an upside down AKM.

Machine guns
Zielebach is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Emmental
Zimmerwald was a municipality in Seftigen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2004 the municipalities Zimmerwald and Englisberg joined together to become the new municipality, Wald.

Villages in Bern
Former municipalities of Bern
Chiloé Island (Spanish: Isla de Chiloé), also known as Greater Island of Chiloé (Isla Grande de Chiloé), is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the chilean coast with the Pacific Ocean. The island is located in southern side of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region.

Additionally, it has a very special architecture and local culture. As example, the Churches of Chiloé are part of the World Heritage Sites.

Related pages 
 Chiloé Archipelago
 Los Lagos Region

References

Other websites

 Description about Chiloé churches with pictures 
 Images of Chiloé

Islands of Chile
Los Lagos Region
Chiloé Archipelago is an archipelago located in Los Lagos Region, in southern Chile. The main island is Chiloé Island (Isla Grande de Chiloé).

Additionally, in the archipelago are located 10 administrative communes related with the Los Lagos Region: Ancud, Castro, Chonchi, Curaco de Vélez, Dalcahue, Puqueldón, Queilén, Quellón, Quemchi and Quinchao.

Related pages 
 Chiloé Island
 Los Lagos Region

References

Other websites

Archipelagos
Islands of Chile
Los Lagos Region
The Maipo is a river that flows from east to west through the Santiago Metropolitan and the Valparaíso regions in central Chile. It flows just south ot the national capital, Santiago, and ends in the Pacific Ocean.

The Maipo river is one of the main river of Chile an is an important source of irrigation and potable water for the region.

Geography
The Maipo river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course
The Maipo river starts on the Andes, in the place called Los Nacimientos, on the side of the Maipo volcano, in the San José de Maipo commune (Santiago Metropolitan Region), at an elevation of about .

From its start, the river flows to the northwest through the Cajón del Maipo, a canyon; the El Volcán and Yeso rivers join the Maio before San José de Maipo near the town of San Gabriel and as right tributaries. After the city of San José de Maipo the river is joined, also as a right tributary, by the Colorado river and then turns to the southwest.
After a total of about , Maipo river leaves the Andes to the south of Puente Alto, still at near  of altitude above sea level, and gets into the Maipo valley. Near Talagante, after flowing through the city of Santiago, the Mapocho river joins, as a right tributary, the Maipo river.

After crossing the coastal mountains, the Maipo gets to the town of Llolleo, just south of the port city of San Antonio, where it flows into the Pacific Ocean.

Main tributaries 
Most of the tributaries of the Maipo river join:

Left tributaries:
 Clarillo - 

Right tributaries:
 El Volcán- 
 Yeso - 
 Colorado - 
 Mapocho -

Uses
In the upper part, the Maipo is used to produce hydroelectricity. The Cajón del Maipo is a popular tourist region, mainly for water sports like rafting.

In the Maipo valley, grapes are produced with the water of the river and the valley is a very important wine region.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of Chile

References

Other websites
 
 Cuenca Río Maipo  

Rivers of Chile