Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Auguste Comte (full name:  Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte; January 17, 1798 – September 5, 1857) was a French thinker.  He was one of the founders of sociology. He created the word from the Latin: socius, "companion"; and the suffix -ology, "the study of", from Greek λόγος, lógos, "knowledge" ) He also started a way of thinking about and understanding human knowledge called  positivism.

Life 
Comte was born on 19 January 1798 at Montpellier, in southern France. After attending the University of Montpellier, one of the oldest European universities, Comte was admitted to the École Polytechnique in Paris.

He married Caroline Massin, but divorced in 1842.

He died in Paris on 5 September 1857 and is buried at the famous Cimetière du Père Lachaise. His apartment from 1841-1857 is now conserved as the Maison d'Auguste Comte.
Law of three stages 
The law of three stages is a socio-historical idea of Auguste Comte.  Comte said that knowledge developed in three stages. The first stage is the "theological" stage, in which Comte says that people use religion or gods to explain why things happen or where things came from.  The second stage is the "metaphysical" or "abstract" stage, where people use philosophy and abstract ideas to think about their beliefs and explain things.  The last stage is the "positive", regarding to the three stages of positivism. Comte said that society could shift into a positivist society if the sciences, including sociology, are all used to explain things.
Works 
 
 Comte, A.; Bridges, J.H. (tr.); A General View of Positivism; Trubner and Co., 1865 (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; )
 
 Comte, A; Martineau, H. (tr.); The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte; 2 volumes; Chapman, 1853 (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; ) (but note that C.U.P. say "Martineau's abridged and more easily digestible version of Comte's work was intended to be readily accessible to a wide general readership, particularly those she felt to be morally and intellectually adrift", so this is not really Comte's own writings)
 
 Comte, A.; System of Positive Polity; various publishers
 Comte, A.; Cours de Philosophie Positive, Tome II; Bachelier, Paris, 1835, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31882/31882-h/31882-h.htm; scans of the six volumes are at Projet Gallica

Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe

References

Other websites 

 Selections from first volume of Cours of positive philosophy
  Auguste Comte quotes 
 Auguste Comte and Positivism
1798 births
1857 deaths
French philosophers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
People from Montpellier
French sociologists
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Writers from Occitanie
George Berkeley (12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753), or Bishop Berkeley, was an Irish bishop and philosopher.

Berkeley was one of the three 'British Empiricists', philosophers around the late 1600s and 1700s who believed in 'empiricism', the philosophy that everything we learn comes through our senses. The other British Empiricists included the Englishman John Locke and Scotsman David Hume.

Philosophy 
His philosophy was called "immaterialism", or "subjective idealism". His idealism said that all our ideas came through sensations, but our senses didn't tell us anything about the world.
He said that Locke's belief in matter was wrong. He said that even though we can see, hear, taste, touch and smell, there was no way of knowing that our senses were reacting to matter, because to find out how accurate our senses were, we would need to study the very thing we use to study. Instead, he said that our experiences are caused by God, a being that is also a mind, like us, and powerful enough to create all our ideas and senses.

Life 
Berkeley was born at his family home, Dysart Castle, near Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland. He was educated at Kilkenny College and attended Trinity College, Dublin, completing a Master's degree in 1707.
Bibliography 
Philosophical Commentaries (1707–08, notebooks)
An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision (1709)
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, Part I (1710)
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)
De Motu (Berkeley's essay)|De Motu (1721)
Alciphron: or the Minute Philosopher (1732)
The Theory of Vision or Visual Language … Vindicated and Explained (1733)
The Analyst (1734)
The Querist (1735–37)
Siris (1744)

Notes

Other websites 

A list of the published works by and about Berkeley as well as online links 
A bibliography on George Berkeley
More easily readable versions of Principles of Human Knowledge, Three Dialogues, and Alciphron
An extensive compendium of online resources, including a gallery of Berkeley's images 

1685 births
1753 deaths
Irish philosophers
Colombier-le-Vieux is a commune in the Ardèche department in south France.

Communes in Ardèche
Sceautres is a commune in the Ardèche department in south France.

Communes in Ardèche
Bakot is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Earthquake 
Bakot was badly affected by the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, as the place where the earthquake happened was nearby.

Location 

Bakot is in the east of Abbottabad District and is next to the Muzaffarabad and Bagh districts of Kashmir. It is also next the following Union Councils within Abbottabad District: to the north by Nambal, to the south by Berote Kalan and to the west by Phalkot, Namli Maira, Nagri Bala.

Subdivisions
The Union Council of Bakote is made up of three areas these are: Bakot, Moolia and Sagnal.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Baldheri is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, the union council of Baldheri is named after the main village of the area.

People
The population of Baldheri Union Council is 14,796.

Location 
The village of Baldheri itself is at 34°15'0N 73°12'0E  which is about 11 km east of Abbottabad city centre on the route towards Mansehra city on the main Mansehra Road. Mansehra is directly to the north, but because it is a very hilly area the roads do not go straight - so Baldheri is on the road from Mansehra to Abbottabad city.

Baldheri has a height of 1143 metres (3753 feet), the Union Council is between Ferozabad village to Tanan Village and Mangal to Halmaira.

Subdivisions
The Union Council of Baldheri is made up of the following areas:
Baldheri, Gojri, Hal Maira Uta, Hal Maira Tarta, Jalalpura, More Kalan, Sajikot and Tannan
Qalandarabad
Qalandarabad is major town in Baldheri Union Council and is famous throughout Hazara for its Chapal Kebabs.  The Bach Christian Hospital is in the town.

Villages 
The Union Council of Baldheri consists of the following villages:

Baldheri
Gogri
Halmaira
Mangal
Morkalaan
Neelay Pair
Qalandarabad
Sajikot
Ferozabad
Tannan
Tarhana Malik
Tarhana Mistri

Geography 
Like much of the Abbottabad area it is a very beautiful place, with fresh water streams running down from the hills and mountains. The main steam is called Mangal, and its water is very important for farming. There are primary schools almost in every village. Bach Christian Hospital is also here in Baldheri UC, this hospital was very important during the 2005 Pakistan earthquake that struck the area, due to its location on the Karakoram Highway.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Lussas is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Bandi Atai Khan (also known as Banda Atai Khan) is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 
Bandi Atai Khan is in the south of the district at 34°02'60"N, 73°13'0"E. It has a height of 1035 metres (3398 feet).

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Lyas  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Malarce-sur-la-Thines  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Malbosc   is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Beeran Gali (also known as 'Berin Gali' or 'Baran Gali') is a Union Council of Abbottabad District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

History 
This area used to be called Baad Burhan and is mentioned by Al Biruni in his famous book Ta'rikh al-Hind, The Chronicles of India, from 1030. Al Biruni describes Baad Burhan as a beautiful area.

Land 
The area is between two mountains, Thandiani and Miranjani. It is at 34°11'40N 73°21'50E and has an average elevation of 2176 metres (7142 feet) above sea-level.

Subdivisions 
The Union Council is made up of the following areas:
Andarseri, Beerangali and Jhafar.

People 
Its population numbers about 12,300. The two main tribes are the Karlal or 'Kiraal' and the Quraishi.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Birote Kalan is one of the 51 Union councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Meaning of name
The name of the Union Council - "Birote Kalan" means Greater Birote, this is because there is a small village called "Birote Khurd". The words Khurd and Kalan (little and big) are words that started being used in Mughal times - to tell the difference between two areas with the same name, so Birote Khurd means little Khurd, The words Khurd (small) and Kalan (big) is Taken form Persian. (Just like Britannia major means "Greater Britain" and Britannia minor means "Lesser Britain").

Place 

Birote Kalan is in the south eastern part of Abbottabad District and borders the Bagh District of Kashmir and so was affected by the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. Mushkpuri Peak is in West of Birote while Tehsil Dheerkot, District Bagh Azad Kashmir in East. In North District Muzzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir and Tehsil Murree in South.
Subdivisions
The Union Council is made up of the following areas: Berote Kalan, Berote Khurd, Kahoo Gharbi and Kahoo Sharqi.

Additional information
Berote is quite close to the Punjab area of Murree, in the  district of Rawalpindi. 
Termuthian is the village which separates Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from Punjab Province. Termuthian is a small valley from where you can view the heights of Mushkpuri, Kashmir, Bagh, and Circle Bakote. It is an area mostly inhabited by the Dhund Abbasi's.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Boi is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Boi means "fragrance of roses".

Location 
Boi is in the northwest part of Abbottabad District. It is next to Kashmir (Muzaffarabad District). It is located at 34°18'10N 73°26'20E and has an average elevation of 853 metres (2801 feet).

Subdivisions 
The Union Council is made up of the following areas Didal, Barbeen, Nakka, Bandi Pahar, Bandi Hamza, Gali Mohri, Bandi Samand, Boi, Batangi, Tori, Phogram, Chak, Sumbli Dheri, Pal, Rankot,Makrela,Dana(Tald),Lari(mehras),Sambli deri,saran,Sathal and Batangi.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Chamad (also known as Chamhad) is one of the 51 Union Councils (subdivisions) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 
Chamad is located at 34°7'0N 73°4'60E, in the west of the district where it borders Haripur District, it has a height of 870 metres (2857 feet).

Subdivisions
The Union Council is made up of areas: Khani Thathiara, Shadial, Chamhad, Fateh Bandi, Sarbangala, Chamak Mera, Bagh Darah, Bermgali, Bisala, Mohal, Baln Seri, Bain Noora, Bain Gojra, Bothiala, Jattal, Baghati, Thana, Kasaki Khurd, Kasaki Kalan, Daroparh and Bhoraj.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Dalola is one of the 51 Union Councils (sub-divisions) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 
Dalola is located at 34°21'20N 73°23'50E. Its elevation is . It is in the northwest of the district and is the most northern part of the district. It borders Mansehra District of to the north and the Muzaffarabad District of Kashmir to the east. It was hit quite badly by the 2005 Pakistan Earthquake.

Subdivisions
The Union Council is divided into the following areas: Dabban, Daloa and Naroka.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Dewal Manal is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The main tribe of this Union Council is the Karlal.

Location 
Dewal Manal is in the southern part of Abbottabad district, it borders the following Union Councils, Nara and Seer Gharbi (to the South), Nathia Gali and Nagri Bala to the east and Garhi Phulgran  to (to the west and north).

Subdivisions
The Union Council is made up of the following areas: Chehr, Dewal Manal, Makool Payeen, Nagri Tarli and Sajkot.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Garhi Phulgran is one of the 51 Union Councils (administrative subdivisions) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Subdivisions
The Union Council is made up of the following areas: Garhi Phulgran, Takia Sheikhan, Ghora Bazgram, Harnara, Kiala, Mannan, Rajoya and Thith Ochar. Until the local government reforms of 2000, Rajoya was separate Union Council.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Goreeni is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location
Goreeni is in the South of Abbottabad District and forms part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's border with Punjab province where it lies next to Murree Tehsil of Rawalpindi District.

Subdivisions
The Union Council of Goreeni is made up of the following areas: Bagla, Bajarian, Banwari, Danah, Goreeni, Kotal, Palasi and Surna Garhage.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Haveliani Urban is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at the west of the district.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
The Union Council of Jarral is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 
Jarral is 35 km from the city of Abbottabad. It is also approachable from Haripur, which is about 25 Kilometer from the town.  It is in a valley which is surrounded by large forested mountains on three sides. These forests have a number of wild animals, such as jackals, wolves, pigs, porcupines and sometimes tigers. On the south of the valley there is the famous Tarbela Dam Jheel. The southern area of Jarral UC borders Haripur District. Jabbi is a scenic hill station in the suburbs of Jarral. Jarral has many small related areas:
 Jabbi
 Heeraan
 Jabri
 Bandi Dara
 Nara Doga
 Sorha Dara
 Punj-khoeeyan
 Swayee Dara
 Pujwar
 Kachian
 Tarhaqi
 Thalian
People 
Jarral has a population of over 10,000. The local language is Hindko while Urdu and English are understood. The Tanoli is the main tribe of Jarral. But there is significant number of Awans and Syeds. A lot of people from Jarral are living abroad in countries like USA, UK, UAE, Saudi Arabia and other countries around the globe. Jarral is the main market area and people from nearby come to shop. A very beautiful mosque, the Jamia Masjid Jarral, is of historic and architectural significance. It is well known for old-styled wooden door, which is a mater piece of carved art on wood. This old town has also relics of thousands of years old deserted town on a nearby hill on west side.

Farming 
Locals grow crops such as maize (makai) and wheat (kanak). Different vegetables are also grown by people for their own use.
Education 
There are four schools in Jarral: Government Primary School for Boys, Govt High School for Boys, Govt Girls High School and Fatima Jinnah Public School Jarral (English Medium).  Adult Literacy rate in Jarral is more than 80%.

Subdivisions 
The Union Council is made up of the following areas: Bacha Sani, Kachhian, Pajwarh, Gul Bandi, Jabbi, Jarral, Khuliala, Bandi Dara, Sohai Dara, Sorha Dara, Kotnali and Nakhey Syedan.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Marcols-les-Eaux  is a commune in the Ardèche département of southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Mayres is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Mazan-l'Abbaye is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Meyras  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Meysse   is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Mirabel is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Montpezat-sous-Bauzon is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Montréal is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Montselgues  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Sanilhac  is a commune in the Ardèche department in south France.

Communes in Ardèche
Colombier-le-Cardinal is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Colombier-le-Jeune is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Le Crestet is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Mézilhac  is a commune in the Ardèche department and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

Communes in Ardèche
Sampzon  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Salavas is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Orgnac-l'Aven is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

The Aven d'Orgnac cave is located near the village.

Communes in Ardèche
Payzac is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Planzolles  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
L'incoronazione di Poppea  () is an opera in three acts by Claudio Monteverdi.  The libretto is by Giovanni Francesco Busenello.  The first performance was in the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice in 1643. It was the last opera that Monteverdi composed.

Most operas in the early 17th century were about mythological stories or stories from the Christian religion.  This story, however, is about something that happened in the history of ancient Rome. It is about the evil emperor Nero and how he married Poppea.  The gods still play a part in the opera, especially Cupid.

Although the opera is called The Coronation of Poppea we do not actually see any coronation ceremony.
Monteverdi was an experienced composer when he wrote this and the opera has some of his best music.  The orchestra is only a small group of instruments: strings, recorders, cornetts (an old kind of trumpet), percussion, harp, lutes and gambas.  The music does not divide sharply between recitative (narrating music) and aria (set songs), but flows gently from one type to the other.

When listening to this opera it is important to remember that in the 17th century men often sang women’s parts and women sang men’s parts.  A part such as Nero would have been sung by a castrato.  Nowadays it can either be sung by a countertenor (a man) or a mezzo-soprano (a woman).  There are scenes in this opera where the actors disguise themselves as the opposite sex.  In the 17th century opera audiences did not find anything unusual about a man pretending to be a woman pretending to be a man or the other way round.

The duet between Nero and Poppea at the end of the opera may have been written by another composer.
The story of the opera

Prologue

The goddesses Fortune and Virtue are having an argument.  They are being nasty to one another, each one is saying that she is better and more powerful than the other.  Cupid (the god of love) comes in and says that he is even greater than they are, and that he rules both of them.  Fortune and Virtue do not dare to disagree with him.

Act I
Act I

Otho, who is Poppea’s lover, returns to his house and finds that the emperor Nero is in his house spending the night with Poppea.  Nero’s guards have surrounded the house.  Nero tells Poppea he has to go now, but that he loves her and will come back very soon.  When he is gone, Arnalta, Poppea’s nurse, warns her that her affair with Nero will bring trouble.  Octavia, Nero’s wife, is very sad that her husband is having an affair with someone else and hopes that the gods will punish him.  Her nurse comforts her, saying that she ought to find herself a new lover to make Nero cross, but Octavia has too much honour to do such a thing.  The philosopher Seneca tells her that she should just accept her fate.  The page boy tells the philosopher he is stupid.
Nero tells Seneca that he is going to get rid of his wife and marry Poppea.  Seneca warns Nero that the people will not like this, but Nero does not care.  He is emperor and can do what he likes.  Nero tells Poppea that he loves her so much that he wants to make her empress.  Poppea says to Nero that Seneca believes that Nero is only powerful because he (Seneca) can guide him.  Nero immediately believes her and says Seneca should be killed.  Otho has been watching this scene.  He goes to Poppea and tries to get her love back, but Poppea says she belongs to Nero now.  Otho realizes that Poppea just wants power, and he knows that Nero will order him to be killed when he finds out that he used to be Poppea’s lover, so he decides he will have to kill Poppea.

Otho goes to Drusilla who is in love with him.  He tells her that he loves her, but he quietly says that Poppea is still in his heart.

Act II
Act II

The god Mercury warns Seneca that he is going to die.  Seneca is quite happy with the news, because it will mean that he will live with the gods in heaven.  Liberto, a messenger (his name means “a freed slave”), comes to tell Seneca that Nero is going to have him killed.  He is surprised when Seneca already knows.  There is a short scene in which the Page flirts with the Lady-in-Waiting.  Nero, with his friend Lucan, sings in praise of Poppea.

Octavia tells Otho to disguise himself in woman’s clothes and to go and  kill Poppea.  She says that he will tell Nero bad things about him if he doesn’t.  There is a comic scene between the Page and the Nurse.  Drusilla lets Otho borrow her clothes to disguise himself.  Poppea is in her garden being lulled to sleep by Arnalta.  Cupid sings a song, promising to protect her.  When Otho, disguised as Drusilla,  comes to kill her, Cupid stops him.

Act III
Act III

Drusilla is happy because her rival is going to die.  The guards immediately arrest her thinking that she tried to kill Poppea (it was actually Otho in disguise).  Drusilla realizes she was stupid to lend Otho her clothes.  She tells Nero that she is guilty.  Otho then speaks and tells Nero what happened.  Nero punishes him by telling him to leave Rome and go and live in a faraway wilderness.  Nero also sends Octavia away from Rome.  He says she must be put in a boat and left to the mercy of the winds.  Octavia sings a farewell song to Rome.  Arnalta sings a comic song about how important he now is as the empress’s nurse.  The opera finishes with a beautiful love duet for Nero and Poppea.

References
Groves Dictionary of Music Online

Compositions by Claudio Monteverdi
17th-century operas
1640s works
''Not to be confused with English football club Queens Park Rangers F.C..

Queen's Park Football Club is a famous football club based in Glasgow, Scotland, and is the oldest football club in Scotland, founded in 1867, and the oldest outside of England and Wales. The club has a lot of history and tradition, and is still the only amateur club in the Scottish League. The club's home is one of 29 UEFA five-star stadia, the all-seated Hampden Park in south east Glasgow, which is also the home of the Scottish national team. Queen's Park have won the Scottish Cup the third most amount of times, behind Rangers and Celtic.

The club's amateur status is reflected by their motto, "Ludere causa Ludendi". This means "to play for the sake of playing".

References

Scottish football clubs
Jhangi is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is also known as Jhangi Syedan to the local people. It is to the north of Abbottabad city (the district capital). It includes the northwestern parts of the city, its suburbs, and outlying villages.

Jhangi is at 34°12'0N 73°13'60E with a height of 1201 metres (3943 feet). To the south is the city of Abbottabad.

Subdivisions
The Union Councils is administratively subdivided into the following areas: 
Banda Amlok
Banda Batang
Banda Falzullah
Banda Khair Khan
Banda Lamba
Banda Noor Ahmed
Banda Qazi
Banda Sher Khan
Bandi Gasan
Dheri
Dobather
Jhangi
Phagwarhan

Other villages are:

Banda Buraj
Banda Jalal Khan
Banda Laman
Boi Di Gali
Laman Mera

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Jhangra is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the southwest of the district.

Subdivisions
The Union Council of Jhangra is administratively subdivided into the following areas: Chamba, Darooni Maira, Havelian village, Jhangra, Kalu Maira, Mala, Nowshera, Sultanpur and Wazeera.

Location 
Jhangra is located at 34°1'0N 73°7'60E with a height of 836 metres (2746 feet).

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
History
Kakul was historically a small village in the suburbs of Abbottabad, close to the larger Nawanshehr hamlet, which was owned by the Jadoon Pashtun tribe. When the Hazara region was annexed to British India in 1849, the then District Commissioner Major James Abbott decided to build a cantonment town which was founded in 1853 as Abbottabad; and at that time, a smaller military station or tented garrison was set up close to Kakul. In 1900-1901 this site became one of the first 'concentration camps' for  Boer Prisoners of War (POWs) from the Anglo-Boer War, where some 400 such prisoners were held until 1903. In 1904-1905, a part of this camp became the British Indian Armys Mountaineering and PE Camp, whereas the rest was made into the zonal headquarters of the Royal Indian Army Supply Corps(RIASC). This position lasted until 1947, when after Independence the new Pakistan Army decided to set up the Pakistan Military Academy here, which was done in 1948.
Administration
The small township of Kakul is the capital of Kakul Union Council. The Union Council is divided into the following areas: Balolia, Kakul, Mandroch Kalan, Mandroch Khurd, Nawansher Janoobi and Nawansher Shamali.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Kehal Urban is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the west of the district.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Kukmang is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 
Kukmang is located at 34°16'20N 73°25'30E and has a height of 1208 metres (3966 feet).  It is in the northwest of the district, it borders Boi to the north and Pattan Kalan to the east.

Subdivisions
The Union Council of Kukmang is divided into the following areas: Kothiala, Kukmang and Pattan Khurd, as part of the local government reforms of 2000 Pattan Khurd Union Council was merged into Kukmang.

Notable native sportsman
Yasir Hameed Qureshi  was the first player of Pakistan National Cricket team who participated in international cricket with two test centuries. His family migrated to Peshawer in 1965 but has family members remaining in Kukmang Union Council.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Kothiala is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Subdivisions
Bagakot - Naka - Nalla - Doga - jab - Gali Syedan - Golra - Panyali - Salyot - Sora - Mukdabi Gup - Brahan - Todumira - Nalla (tudumira) - Tali - Misser -karmatti- Poona - Chakuli - Cheera thandi Khuiy - Hall Syedian - Tarada - Mubarak - Kalya - Char - Lunda - Daki -Beeri Patyan - Cahri - Banjgalli - Paswal - Soban Galli - Chariala -

Tribes
The main tribes are:
Tanolis 
Awan
Syed
Gujr

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Kuthwal  is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is northwest of Abbottabad city (the district capital).

Villages 
The main villages of this Union Council are  Kuthwal, Bandi Mansoor, School Wali Gali, Gali Banian, Chatry Balla, Dunna Sharif, Maira Rehmat Khan Mohra Kalan and Charti.

References

Other websites 
 http://www.abbottabad.gov.pk 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Langra is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 
Langra is at 34°4'0N 73°10'0E at a height of 871 metres (2860 feet). It is to the south of Abbottabad city, neighbouring Union councils are, Salhad - which is to the north and forms the approach to Abbottabad city, Rajoya to the east, Havelian to the South and Kokal to the west (which forms the approach to Haripur District).

Subdivisions 
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Banda Sahib Khan, Lari and Langra.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
2 and two may mean:
 2 (number), a number, numeral, and glyph
 2, the year 2 AD
 2 BC, the year 2 BC

In music
 #2, the pseudonym of American musician Paul Gray when he performed with Slipknot

In sports:
 catcher, position number 2  on a baseball team

In television:
  Leoben Conoy, the Cylon model also known as Number 2 on Battlestar Galactica

2 may also mean:
 2 Pallas, a large asteroid
 defecation, sometimes referred to as Number 2, as opposed to Number 1 (urination)
  The word too in internet slang
Langrial is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the south west of the district and borders Haripur District.

Subdivisions
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Basgora, Chotala, Dabran, Danna Nooral, Faqir Mohammad, Gali Batgran, Karkaki, Langrial, Lassan and Manjia.  Other villages are Kialapain and Basara.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
3 and three may mean:

 3 (number), a number, numeral, and glyph
 3, the year 3 AD
 3 BC, the year 3 BC

In music and film:
 #3, the pseudonym of American musician Chris Fehn, when performing with Slipknot

3 can also mean:
 3 Juno, a large asteroid

3 looks similar to:
 Yogh (Ȝ), a letter used in Middle English and Middle Scots
 Ezh (Ʒ), a letter used in the International Phonetic Alphabet and some African languages
 Ze (З), a letter used in the Cyrillic script.
Murree is a mountain resort town in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is in the north of Punjab and is near the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and Kashmir.

From Pindi Point one can see the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

References 

Hill stations in Pakistan
Rawalpindi District
Towns in Punjab (Pakistan)
Malikpura Urban is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the west of the district.

Malikpura is the one of most populated union councils of Abbottabad city/urban area and an old settled area of the municipal committee.Many prominent people in the past have been residents of Malikpura at one time or the other, including ex-president of Pakistan General Mohammad Ayub Khan,Justice Sajjad Ahmad Jan, ex-Chief Minister of NWFP, Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan,Chaudhry Mohammad Ali ex-Vice Chancellor of the Peshawar University, famous local freedom movement activist Jalal-ud-din Baba,Sheikh Ghulam Khalid Sehgal and others.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Mirpur is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the west of the district.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Mojohan is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the west of the district.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Year 2 BC was a common year starting on Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Silvanus.

Events 
 Emperor Augustus is made Pater Patriae, or "father of the country" by the Roman Senate
 Julia the Elder is exiled on charges of treason and adultery
 Phraates V becomes king of the Parthian Empire

Births 

Jesus (approximate date, according to Eusebius of Caesarea and Jehovah's Witnesses)

Deaths 

 Iullus Antonius, son of Mark Antony and consul in 10 BC
 Phraates IV, king of Parthia
Nagri Bala is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 

The union council of Nagri Bala is found in the south central part of Abbottabad District, and lies to the south east of Abbottabad city - the capital city of the district. Union councils bordering Nagri Bala  are  - Bagnotar to the north, Nathia Gali to the east, and Garhi Phulgran to the south.

Subdivisions
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Akhroota, Makool Bala, Nagri Bala and Tatreela kasala
.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Nagri Tutial (also known as Nagri Totial) is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Meaning
Nagri Tutial which means the town of the Tutials is named after Abassi chief Toota Khan (a son of Doomat Khan).

Tribes
Most of the people of Nagri Tutial are from the Tutial branch of the Dhund Abbasi tribe.

Location 
Nagri Tutial a famous and  beautiful village in Pakistan. It is in the south east of the district, next to the Punjab. Nagri Tutial shares a borders with the other Union Councils in Abbottabad District - to the north and east with Seer Gharbi, to the west with Nara, and to the south with Lora. Nagri Tutial is 1243 metres (4081 feet) above the level of the sea.
People of Nagri Tutial
The people or Nagri Tutial are hardworking and dedicated and work far away in various places, throughout Pakistan, to earn their living. They are politically conscious and careful in electing their local representatives. In the past, members of parliament from this area have done little or nothing to help in development and this has made the majority of people wary. 
At this time, the people have only just recently obtained a regular electricity supply to the village. They have also had various roads built connecting them to various parts, the earliest such roads were the Upper Dewal—Kohala Road and the Ghora Gali—Lora Road begun in 1964, and finished in 1968. Since then, there is a regular and strong local demand for more tourism infrastructure development and basic facilities.

References

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Nambal is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Location 
Nambal is a mountainous area in the east of the district bordering Kashmir, where it has trade and tribal links. The Union Council takes its name from the main village of the area - i.e. Nambal.

There are also  famous villages called Leeran,Bribagla, Mujot, Langaloot, Nakthar,Mujhot,etc. at the top of a mountain with a view of Azad Kashmir, Murree and Thandiani. Because of the mountains this small valley is very difficult to get to.

Climate 
The valley is full of Bhayar trees.and at the top of these villages a beautiful view of TOPA, there is beautiful forest of Bhayar tree.  As these village are on a mountain it receives 3–4 feet of snow during winter. Winters are extremely cold while summers are very pleasant.

Subdivisions 
The Union Council is divided into two areas Majuhan and Nambal - as part of the local government reforms of 2000 Majuhan was merged into Nambal Union Council.
References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Namli Maira is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

History

2005 earthquake
8 October 2005 was one of the worst days in the history of Pakistan. An earthquake of magnitude 7.6 struck the Northern Areas as well as Kashmir. The quake brought huge destruction. Namli Maira was partially damaged, but the aftershocks were felt in this area even in December. Houses were damaged but the death toll was very low.

Location  
Namli Maira is between 34° 07.33' N, 073° 23.00' E in Abbottabad District. The Union Council is a collection of small hamlets, and takes its name from the largest two, Namli and Maira. These settlements are nestled on mountains about 20 kilometres from the city of Abbottabad. Miranjani, the highest peak of the area, is also in Namli Maira.

From Mera Jani, Azad Kashmir, River Jhelum, (Kohala) Tarbela lake, Abbottabad city, Havelian, Mountains of Naran kaghan & IIOJK and other far places can easily be seen.
Namli Maira is mainly a mountainous rural area. The nearest city to Namli Maira is Abbottabad which is also its Tehsil and District capital.

Administration 
The Union Council is administratively divided into the following areas: Dhaki Khaitar, Namli Maira, Noormang and Pangoora.

People 
The majority of the people of Namli Maira belong to the Karlal tribe. Other tribes in this area are: Turks, the Mughals, Malik and Awans and Dhund Abbasi, although they are in a minority. People are religious and are all Muslims.

Fruits 
Fruit like pears, apples, black grapes, grapes, figs, peaches, damson plums, mulberries, wild figs, lemons, and apricots grow in abundance in Namli Maira. As the hill people lack awareness about the markets, these fruits only meet the requirement of local people. They are not for sale in a market.
Forests 
Most of the area of these hilly hamlets and villages is covered with trees. Peaks are covered with evergreen trees including pine, walnut, oak and maple trees. Herbs, shrubs, wild flowers and thorny bushes can be seen in abundance. Goats and other pet animals graze in pastures. Most of the people used forest wood as fuel for daily use and also for home construction.

Education 

Literacy rate: Namli Maira village has one of the highest literacy rates for the district. The literacy rate of Namli Maira is about 75%. There are both girls' and boys' schools here. There are primary schools for boys and girls, Government Boys High School, and Girls High school. Private English Medium Schools (Model Public School Namli, Habib Model School Etc.) are also here – these account for the high literacy rate.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Nara is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Nara is in the southern part of the district. The Union Council of Nara takes its name from the village of Nara.  The main tribe of this Union Council are the Karlal.

Subdivisions 
The Union Council of Nara is subdivided into the following areas: Changah, Dakhan, Gohra, Kanger Hoter, Kehan, Maira Ulla, Mari, Mohri-Badbhen, Nara and Satora.

References 

Union councils of Abbottabad District
Nathia Gali or Nathiagali () is one of the mountain holiday towns of the Galyat area of Pakistan. It is one of the most popular tourist areas of the Murree Hills, with fairly good facilities and is on the road from Murree to Abbottabad lying midway between the two. The main tribe of Nathia Gali is the Karlal.

History
During British rule Nathia Gali, then part of Abbottabad Tehsil of Hazara District, was the summer headquarters of the Chief Commissioner. The town along with Dunga Gali was a notified area.

Tourism
It is in Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. At 2,500 m (8,200 ft) height from the sea level, it is a popular tourist resort in the summer months. It is forested with pine, walnut and also broad-leaved oak and maple trees.

It is about two and a half hours car drive away from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan.
Nathia Gali has been declared a wildlife sanctuary by the Government. Monkeys, leopards and variety of other birds and animals are common in the forest surrounding Nathia Gali. Monkeys’ foraging on trees is not an uncommon sight in Nathia Gali.
 
Nathia Gali has a mini bazaar. The nearest place to Nathia Gali is Kala Bagh.

A number of hotels and guest houses are available in Nathia Gali which provide reasonable accommodation to the tourists. The best available hotels are Pine View Hotel and Greens Hotel.   

Nathia Gali also has a small seasonal church, St Matthews (attached to the St Luke's Church, Abbottabad)  which was constructed during the time of the British Raj. It is totally made of wood. It is at the edge of the mountain from which there is a beautiful sight. Kashmir can be seen right behind this church, and is a wonderful scene.

Subdivisions

The Union Council of Nathia Gali is divided into the following areas: Bagan, Donga Gali, Jhansa, Keri Sarafali, Lassan, Malach, Nathiagali and Pasala.
Related pages
Murree

References

Other websites
 Nathia Gali pictures 
 Governors House 

Hill stations in Pakistan
Union councils of Abbottabad District
The Fibonacci numbers are a sequence of numbers in mathematics named after Leonardo of Pisa, known as Fibonacci. Fibonacci wrote a book in 1202, called Liber Abaci ("Book of Calculation"), which introduced the number pattern to Western European mathematics, although mathematicians in India already knew about it. 

The first number of the pattern is 0, the second number is 1, and each number after that is equal to adding the two numbers right before it together. For example 0+1=1 and 3+5=8.  This sequence goes on forever.  

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| F0
| F1
| F2
| F3
| F4
| F5
| F6
| F7
| F8
| F9
| F10
| F11
| F12
| F13
| F14
| F15
| F16
| F17
| F18
| F19
| F20
|-
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 5
| 8
| 13
| 21
| 34
| 55
| 89
| 144
| 233
| 377
| 610
| 987
| 1597
| 2584
| 4181
| 6765
|}

This can be written as a recurrence relation,

For this to make sense, at least two starting points need to be given. Here,  and .

Fibonacci numbers in nature
Fibonacci numbers are related to the golden ratio, which shows up in many places in buildings and in nature. Some examples are the pattern of leaves on a stem, the parts of a pineapple, the flowering of artichoke, the uncurling of a fern and the arrangement of a pine cone. The Fibonacci numbers are also found in the family tree of honeybees.

Binet's Formula
The nth Fibonacci number can be written in terms of the golden ratio. This avoids having to use recursion to calculate Fibonacci numbers, which can take a computer a long time to do.

Where , the golden ratio.

References

Other websites 
 Fibonacci primes
 Online Fibonacci calculator

Integer sequences
Pont-de-Labeaume  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Pourchères  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Prades is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Pradons  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
The Trans-Karakoram Tract is an area of approximately 5,300 km² that was transferred by a border agreement from the Pakistani-administered Northern Areas to China in 1963 with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute. Pakistan says that it was a no-man's undemarcated border land, hence no question arises of its being transferred. It is claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The tract, called Shaksgam, is technically part of Shigar, a valley of Baltistan region of Ladakh Province. The Raja of Shigar controlled this land until 1971, when Pakistan abolished the Raja government system. A polo ground in Shaksgam was built by the Amacha Royal family of Shigar, and the Rajas of Shigar used to invite the Amirs of Yarkand to play polo there. All the names of the mountains, lakes, rivers and passes are in Balti/Ladakhi, suggesting that this land has been part of Baltistan/Ladakh province for a long time.
The Tract is one of the most inhospitable areas of the world, with some of the highest mountains including Broad Peak, Gasherbrum and Masherbrum, and is adjacent to the highest battlefield in the world at Siachen Glacier.

Valleys
Kashmir
Territorial disputes of India
Geography of the People's Republic of China
Pranles  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Prunet is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Péreyres  is a commune in the Ardèche department and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

Communes in Ardèche
Ribes is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Rochecolombe  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages

Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Rocher is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Rochessauve  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Rocles is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Rompon  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Sablières  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Sagnes-et-Goudoulet  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Alban-Auriolles  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Alban-en-Montagne  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-André-Lachamp  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
The Dead Sea Scrolls are about 1,000 documents. They include texts from the Hebrew Bible. They were found between 1947 and 1979 in eleven caves in and around the Wadi Qumran (near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea) in the West Bank. The religious and historical texts are very important as they include practically the only known surviving copies of Biblical documents made before 100 CE. They show evidence of many different beliefs and practices within late Second Temple Judaism.

Related pages 
 Shrine of the Book

Religious texts
Jewish literature
Saint-Montan is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Andéol-de-Berg is a commune in the Ardèche department and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

Other websites
Official Web site

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Andéol-de-Vals  is a commune in the Ardèche department and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Bauzile is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Other websites

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Cierge-la-Serre is a commune in the Ardèche département in the Rhône Valley in southern France.

Other websites
 Saint-Cierge-la-Serre website

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Cirgues-de-Prades is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Cirgues-en-Montagne  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Didier-sous-Aubenas  is a commune in southern France. It is in the Ardèche département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

Population

Sources 

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Genest-de-Beauzon  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Fortunat-sur-Eyrieux  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Georges-les-Bains  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Germain is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Gineis-en-Coiron  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Jean-le-Centenier  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Joseph-des-Bancs  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Julien-du-Gua  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Saint-Lager-Bressac is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Oak Creek is a township of Saunders County, in the state of Nebraska, in the United States.  As of 2020, 916 people were living in the township.  The village of Valparaiso is in Oak Creek.

References

Other websites
City-Data.com

Settlements in Nebraska
Townships in the United States