Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Around four million people live in the Arctic, with many of them living near the sea. Many of these people have lived here for centuries, and have learned to use and depend on the sea ice to live. In particular, coastal residents of the Arctic travel over the sea ice and use it to hunt animals. This hunting is done both for food and to make clothes. Because some people spent a lot of their lives on the ice, it becomes very important to them and their communities.

Importance to the animals that live in the polar regions 

May animals live on top of and under the sea ice. It makes life more difficult for some, but less difficult for others. Animals like seals and polar bears exist both on top of the sea ice, but also swim in the sea. Because microscopic plants and algae don't grow well under the sea ice because they need the sun, the animals that eat them (like fish) also spend less time under the ice.

Importance to the climate
Although it's not smooth like a mirror, sea ice is very shiny. Most of the sunlight that hits it bounces off and shines back into space. By not absorbing a lot of sunlight, the poles stay cold. Having cold regions near the top and bottom of the earth is important for global weather, because it affects the way cold and warm air moves around. When cold air moves down from the Arctic, it can cause very serious storms. When warm air moves up into the Arctic, it can cause the sea ice to melt and break up.

Sea ice also acts as a barrier between the sea and the air. In the rest of the world, water is often evaporating from the sea to the air. Eventually when the air fills up with water, it rains. Sea ice strongly reduces this transfer, so the air is very dry and it doesn't rain or snow very much.

Sea ice also reduces the amount of heat that flows from the sea to the air.
Sea ice is important for the mixing of the sea surface. When wind blows over the sea, it stirs the water and mixes it up. However when wind blows sea ice around, this mixing is much deeper, and the strength can change. This mixing is important because it affects the lives of microscopic animals that live at the sea surface, and it also affects how salty it is at the sea surface.

Sea ice is changing 

Human beings have been releasing a lot of greenhouse gases, which have been making the earth warmer. The Arctic in particular has been getting much warmer. One reason for this is because sea ice formation and melting is very sensitive to temperature changes. When the air is warmer, sea ice grows slower and melts faster.

These temperature rises mean that the sea ice begins growing later in the year, and begins melting earlier in the year. It also means that the area of sea ice is decreasing.

Satellites and Sea Ice
Going to the sea ice is difficult and sometimes dangerous. This makes it impossible to keep track of all the sea ice at once and see how its changing. To solve this, scientists often look at sea ice from space using satellites. There are many ways to do this. Some satellites use cameras that work similarly to common consumer ones. Others make pictures of the sea ice using microwave energy that can go through clouds. Some don't just look at the ice, but send down energy from laser and radar machines and then record how it bounces off the ice.

These satellites allow scientists to measure the area covered by sea ice relatively well. However they are still relatively unsure how thick the sea ice is, in part because it is unclear how much snow is resting on the ice at any one time. Measuring the amount of snow that exists on sea ice is difficult, European scientists are currently designing a new satellite called CRISTAL to help study it.

References 

Water
Oceanography
Gabriel von Hackl (24 March 1843 – 5 June 1926) was a German-Austrian artist and art teacher. Most of his paintings were of historical subjects.

Hackl was born in Marburg an der Drau. At that time the town was part of Austria. Today it is part of Slovenia.  His father was a surgeon. He learned anatomy from his father. He then studied art in Vienna. In 1865 he moved to Munich and studied at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts. He became a professor of drawing at the academy in 1880 and taught there until 1919. Hackl was a strict teacher. He wanted his students' drawings to be anatomically accurate. They learned by drawing plaster casts of ancient sculptures. His own drawings were very skillful and detailed.

Hackl died in Munich at the age of 83. His famous pupils included Anton Ažbe and Giorgio de Chirico.

References

1843 births
1926 deaths
Austrian painters
Austrian nobility
Christine Kaseba is a Zambian physician, surgeon and politician. She was the First Lady of Zambia from September 2011 until October 2014. She is the widow of former President Michael Sata, who died in office on October 28, 2014. She is also a long-time physician and surgeon, specializing in gynecology and obstetrics, at University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka.

Life and career
Kaseba was the second wife of Michael Sata, the country's president from 2011 to 2014.
Christine Kaseba and Michael Sata had eight children together.

On November 18, 2014 Kaseba filed her nomination papers to contest the January 2015 presidential by-election under the Patriotic Front party shortly after her husband's death.
However, she and other seven PF candidates lost their party's nomination to Edgar Lungu at the party's November general conference.

In 2016, it was reported that Christine Kaseba might be chosen as the vice presidential running mate of UPND presidential nominee, Hakainde Hichilema, for the 2016 election.
Kaseba serves on the Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries.

References

First Ladies of Zambia
Living people
1959 births
Thandiwe Banda is a Zambian political science teacher. She was the First Lady of Zambia from June 2008 until September 2011. Banda, who was in her 30s when she took over the position in 2008, was the youngest First Lady in Zambia's history. She is the current wife of former President Rupiah Banda. Thandiwe Banda is the second wife of Rupiah Banda after his first Hope Mwansa Makulu, died in 2000. They got married during the 2000s, despite an age gap of nearly forty years. He was around 70 years at the time of their wedding, while she was in her 30s. Thandiwe and Rupiah Banda are the parents of twins, Temwani and Dunia, whose conception came as a surprise to both, according to an interview she gave with BBC Africa.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
First Ladies of Zambia
Kemerovo () is a city in Russia that has factories in it. When the Russian government counted all the people in 2010, 532,981 people lived in Kemerovo.

Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Cities and towns in Kemerovo Oblast
Córdoba Department () is a department of Colombia. It is located to the north of this country in the Colombian Caribbean Region. The capital is Montería. In 2013, 1,658,090 people lived there.

Municipalities 
These municipalities are in the department:

 Ayapel
 Buenavista
 Canalete
 Cereté
 Chimá
 Chinú
 Ciénaga de Oro
 Cotorra
 La Apartada
 Lorica
 Los Córdobas
 Momil
 Moñitos
 Montelíbano
 Montería
 Planeta Rica
 Pueblo Nuevo
 Puerto Escondido
 Puerto Libertador
 Purísima
 Sahagún
 San Andrés de Sotavento
 San Antero
 San Bernardo del Viento
 San Carlos
 San José de Uré
 San Pelayo
 Tierralta
 Tuchín
 Valencia

References

Other websites 
 Government of Cordoba official website
ZEE5 is the digital entrainment destination, Launched by Zee Entailment Enterprise (ZEEL), a global media and entertainment powerhouse. Launched in India on 12 February 2018, with content across 12 languages like, Hindi, English,Tamil and Gujarati and many more.

References

Entertainment websites
Tegui Carlos Calderón Rosario (Santurce, Puerto Rico, February 1, 1972), better known by his stage name Tego Calderón, is a singer of reguetón and hip hop puerto rican He has received prizes for his work, included a Source Award of The Source Magazine by "International Artist of the Year". Also he has received nominations in several ceremonies, between them the Grammy Latin, Billboard Awards, Prizes The Ours and Prizes The People.
First years 
Calderón was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico. He moved to an early age of his native Puerto Rico to Miami, Florida, were assisted to Beach Senior High School. Here he was in contact with several different cultures and was a drummer in a band of rock. The band did versions of songs produced by artists like Ozzy Osbourne and Led Zeppelin. He has observed that his two parents were fans of Ismael Rivera and that his father also was interested in jazz. He was influenced by both genders and incorporated them into his music. Over time he developed a musical style that combines elements of the sauce, dancehall, and hip hop, centering in the appearances of the urban life in his letters.
Musical career 
Calderón did some apparitions in albums of other musicians of reggaeton, over time signed with the stamp White Lion. In 2002, he published his first album of study titled "El Abayarde" the reggaeton considered at this time a gender "underground", the album sold 50.000 copies in his launching, establishing a record of sales for an album of Latin music. Three months after publishing The Abayarde, Calderón organised his first concert, which took place in the Coliseo Roberto Clemente in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and exhausted the place. The next day he turned into the first artist of reggaeton in making a performance in the annual meeting Puerto Rican "Dia Nacional de La Salsa".

In August of 2003, Calderón acted in Madison Square Garden in New York. His second apparition in the place was in October of 2004, where headed an event titled "Megatones de 2004". The concert was exhausted, with 20.000 assistants of a mixed public of Latins and American fans.

2005 - present
2005 - present 

Calderón participated in the 2004 and 2005 editions of the Parade of New York, "Rican Day". During this period of time turned into the first Latin American artist in being included in the Power-105 of New York.

In the summer of 2005, Calderón signed an agreement between Atlantic Records and his own independent stamp, Jiggiri Records, turning into the first artist of reggaeton in having a deal with an important label.

Discography

Studio Albums 
 2003: El abayarde 
 2006: The Underdog/El subestimado 
 2007: El abayarde contraataca 
 2015: El Que Sabe, Sabe

Evolución musical

1989-2023
1989 (age 17)
Baila
1990 (age 18)
Dale Play FT. El General 
Te Vez Buena RMX FT. El General, Vico C
Tu Cuerpo 
1991 (age 19)
Reggae Muero
Play
El Pasaporte FT. Tito Rojas
Oh Yeah FT. Micheal Jackson 
Bailando Con Calma 
1992 (age 20)
No Me Voy FT. Daddy Yankee
Me Llamas FT. El General, Nando Boom
Los Ojos
Boom Boom
1993 (age 21)
Who Is The Fucker FT. Micheal Jackson 
Boom Boom RMX FT. Baby Rasta & Gringo, Daddy Yankee
Problema
Te Quieren
1994 (age 22)
Ella Me Mata 
1980
Que Tire Pressure 
No Te Vayas
El Party
1995 (age 23)
Feliz FT. Nicky Jam, Daddy Yankee
Si Si Si No No No
Pa La Calle FT. Hector & Tito
Extiendo 
Zig Zag FT. Micheal Jackson 
1996-1999 (Break) (ages 24-27) 2000 (age 28)
Con La Vida 
30-30 FT. Daddy Yankee
2001 (age 29)
Reggaeton FT. Eddie Dee, Nicky Jam
En La Calle
Robot Activado 
Esa Mujer FT. Nicky Jam, Daddy Yankee
Uno FT. Joe Arroyo
2002 (age 30)
Abarde Y El Dios FT. Anuel AA
Con El Cangri FT. Nicky Jam
Al Natural 
La Gata FT. Yandel, Nicky Jam
2003 (age 31)
2003 (age 31)
Ella Quiere Enamorarse FT. Los Dioses
No Perdona FT. Don Omar, Daddy Yankee, Ozuna
El Amante FT. Anuel AA, Zion
2004 (age 32)
Guasa Guasa RMX FT. Voltio
Al Natural RMX FT. Yandel
Praaaa FT. Arcángel 
Tu Me Llamas FT. De La Ghetto, Daddy Yankee
2005 (age 33)
Como Esta FT. Eddie Dee, Joe Arroyo
Mi Libertad Reggaeton RMX FT. Jerry Rivera, Jowell & Randy
2006 (age 34)
Bandoleros FT. Don Omar
Cara FT. Voltio, Eddie Dee
2007 (age 35)
Bailando Salsa FT. Joe Arroyo 
En Barranquilla Me Quedo RMX FT. Joe Arroyo
Te Lleva FT. Daddy Yankee, Ozuna
2008 (age 36)
Baby Girl FT. Sean Paul, Anuel AA
Como Te Va FT. Los Dioses, Nicky Jam
2009 (age 37)
Heights FT. Joe Arroyo 
Vivir La Vida FT. Anuel AA
El Pelo
Tres
23 FT. Marc Anthony, Los Dioses
2010 (age 38)
La Proxima FT. Tito Rojas
Lo Haga Como Yo
Soy 
La Ghetto 
2011 (age 39)
Dios FT. Tito Nieves
2012 (age 40)
Joe Arroyo Forever FT. Tito Rojas, Marc Anthony, Chencho, Los Dioses
2013 (age 41)
Le Dijo FT. Jadiel, Ozuna, Maldy
2014 (age 42)
2014 (age 42)
Sin Ella FT. Randy, Daddy Yankee
El Party FT. Voltio, Nicky Jam, Los Dioses
2015 (age 43)
Para Siempre FT. Arcángel, Nicky Jam
Doce FT. De La Ghetto, Daddy Yankee
2016 (age 44)
Me Importa Un Carajo RMX FT. Bad Bunny, Los Dioses
2017 (age 45)
Muriendo De Amor FT. Bad Bunny, Ozuna, Feid
Que FT. Feid, Yandel, Wisin, Daddy Yankee
2018 (age 46)
Adios FT. Tito Nieves
Juan Gabriel Forever FT. Marc Anthony, Tito Rojas, Yandel, Nicky Jam, Plan B, Ozuna
La Calles FT. Nicky Jam, Yandel
2019 (age 47)
Te Dan FT. Wisin & Yandel
2020 (age 48)
Frankie Ruiz Forever FT. Peso Pluma, Bad Bunny, Anuel AA, Nicky Jam, Daddy Yankee, Chencho
2021 (age 49)
Vamos A Ver FT. Los Dioses, Maldy
2022 (age 50) 
Como Yo FT. Anuel AA, Lenier, Yandel
Tito Rojas Forever FT. Marc Anthony, Chencho, Anuel AA, Bad Bunny, Daddy Yankee, Feid, La India
2023
La Receta 
La Receta RMX FT. Bad Bunny, Karol G, Maluma, Feid, Yandel
Compilations 
 2004: The Enemy of the Guasíbiri
 2013: Tego Calderón - Greatest Hits

Mixtapes 
 2004: Guasa Guasa: The Mixtape (DJ Whoo Kid and Tego Calderón) 
 2008: The Gongoli Mixtape 
 2012: El Original Gallo del Pais - Or.G. The Mixtape

References 

Puerto Rican singer-songwriters
1972 births
Living people
Puerto Rican rappers
Jean Dolores Schmidt, BVM (born August 21, 1919), affectionately known as Sister Jean, is an American chaplain for the Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team and a religious sister of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. She was born in San Francisco, California.

Schmidt moved from California to teach at Mundelein College in Chicago in 1961. During the mid-1960s, she was active in the civil rights movement. In 1991, she was hired by Loyola University.

In 2018, Sister Jean became famous for her appearances in the NCAA tournaments when Loyola advanced to the final four.

References

Other websites
 Sister Jean: Loyola University Chicago: Features from Loyola University Chicago's official website.

1919 births
Living people
American civil rights activists
American Roman Catholic nuns
People from San Francisco
People from Chicago
Henry John Minarik (September 1, 1927 – March 12, 2018) was an American football tackle. He was born in Flint, Michigan. He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football at Michigan State University.

Minarik died on March 12, 2018 in Lake City, Michigan at the age of 90.

References

1927 births
2018 deaths
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Flint, Michigan
Vice Admiral Emmett Hulcy Tidd (October 6, 1923 – March 20, 2018) was a retired flag officer of the United States Navy. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He retired in 1976.

Tidd enlisted in the Navy Reserve as a seaman apprentice in 1942, and joined the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps while at Oklahoma University. Tidd assumed command of USS Everglades, followed by a tour as Chief of Staff and Aide to Vice Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, then serving as Commander, Naval Forces Vietnam. Following his Vietnam tour, Tidd was assigned to assume command of USS Columbus.

Tidd died on March 20, 2018 in Annapolis, Maryland of complications from dementia at the age of 94.

References

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Military people from Louisiana
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
Thomas John Higgins (November 7, 1944 – March 21, 2018) was an American rock climber. He was the first climbers to free ascents primarily in the western United States. He was known for pushing standards using a purist, free climbing style. He was born in Huntington Park, California. Higgins began climbing in the High Sierra in California.

In the 1980s, Higgins created first ascents and first free ascents at Pinnacles National Monument (now Pinnacles National Park) and in the Southern High Sierra mountains, California. 

Higgins died on March 21, 2018 in Oakland, California at the age of 73.

References

Other websites
 Higgins' web site

Sportspeople from California
Rock climbing
1944 births
2018 deaths
Frank Meisler (30 December 1929 – 24 March 2018) was an German-born Israeli architect and sculptor. Meisler was born in the Free City of Danzig. He moved to Israel in 1960.

His public works include a memorial to Ben Gurion in Israel, Eternal Kiev in Kiev, and a series of Kindertransport memorials: Kindertransport – The Arrival erected at Liverpool Street station in London in 2006, Trains to Life – Trains to Death erected at Friedrichstraße station in Berlin in 2008, The Departure erected at Gdańsk Główny station in 2009, and Crossing to Life erected at the Hook of Holland in 2011.

References

Other websites
 http://www.frank-meisler.com/about.php  
 http://www.frankmeislersculpture.com/aboutfrank.html 
 http://www.imj.org.il/artcenter/newsite/en/?artist=Meisler,%20Frank&list=M

1929 births
2018 deaths
Naturalized citizens of Israel
German architects
German sculptors
Israeli sculptors
André Bourbeau (June 1, 1936 – March 25, 2018) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. Bourbeau served as member of the National Assembly of Quebec for Laporte serving from 1981 until 2003.

Bourbeau was the founding president of the Montreal International Music Competition.

Bourbeau was diagnosed with leukemia in 1998. He died of complications from cancer on March 25, 2018 in Montreal, at the age of 81.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Cancer deaths in Canada
Politicians from Quebec
Bernard Louis De Koven or DeKoven (October 15, 1941 – March 24, 2018) was an American game designer, author, lecturer and fun theorist. He was most notable for his book The Well Played Game, for his works to the New Games Foundation, his work in computer game design, and for his long-running web site, deepFUN.com.

References

1941 births
2018 deaths
Educators from Wisconsin
Writers from Wisconsin
People from Appleton, Wisconsin
Seo Min-woo (Hangul: 서민우; February 8, 1985 – March 25, 2018) was a South Korean idol singer and actor. He was a member of South Korean boy group 100% under the label of TOP Media, as the leader and vocalist.

On March 25, 2018, Seo died from cardiac arrest in his home in Gangnam, aged 33.

References

1985 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
South Korean actors
South Korean singers
Nicolae "Nae" Tilihoi (9 December 1956 – 25 March 2018) was a Romanian professional footballer. He played as a defender. 

He spent most of his career with Universitatea Craiova, where he was an indispensable member of the golden generation known as Craiova Maxima. Tilihoi was often nicknamed "the Iron Guard of Craiova". 

Tilihoi made ten appearances for the Romania senior team between 1979 and 1981.

References

1956 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Romanian footballers
The fimbria are projections of tissue that come out from the ends of the Fallopian tubes. They appear to be in the shape of fingers. The largest of these fimbria, the fimbria ovarica, is attached to the ovary. The fimbria form a funnel shape that helps move the egg cell (ovum) into the Fallopian tube and then the uterus.

References 

Anatomy of the female reproductive system
Wake Up with Al was a program on The Weather Channel that was hosted by Al Roker and Stephanie Abrams. It debuted on July 20, 2009, and ended on October 2, 2015, now replaced by AMHQ. Stephanie Abrams moved to AMHQ and replaced Sam Champion, while Al Roker remains at The Weather Channel.

2009 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
The Weather Channel shows
English-language television programs
WMAR-TV is an ABC affiliate in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The station first went on the air in 1947. It was originally a CBS affiliate until 1981 when it switched to NBC. In 1995, the station switched to ABC while WBAL-TV switched to NBC and WJZ-TV switched to CBS.

Newscasts

Weekdays 
 04:30-05:00 AM: WMAR 2 News - Good Morning Maryland at 4:30 a.m.
 05:00-05:30 AM: WMAR 2 News - Good Morning Maryland at 5:00 a.m.
 05:30-06:00 AM: WMAR 2 News - Good Morning Maryland at 5:30 a.m.
 06:00-06:30 AM: WMAR 2 News - Good Morning Maryland at 6:00 a.m.
 06:30-07:00 AM: WMAR 2 News - Good Morning Maryland at 6:30 a.m.
 05:00-05:30 PM: WMAR 2 News at 5:00
 05:30-06:00 PM: WMAR 2 News at 5:30
 06:00-06:30 PM: WMAR 2 News at 6:00
 07:00-07:30 PM: WMAR 2 News at 7:00
 11:00-11:35 PM: WMAR 2 News at 11:00

Sundays 
 06:30-07:00 PM: WMAR 2 News at 6:30
 11:00-11:35 PM: WMAR 2 News at 11:00

old newscasts
It used to have Weekend Morning news noon and 9am news  Saturdays 

American television stations
Atif Aslam (born 12 March 1983) is a Pakistani singer, songwriter and actor. He mainly sings Hindi, Urdu and panjabi songs. He has won many Lux Style Awards and he also received Tamgha-e-Imtiaz in 2008. The first movie in which he acted was Pakistani movie, Bol.

References

Other websites

 
 

1983 births
Living people
Pakistani singer-songwriters
Pakistani movie actors
Punjabi people
Bollywood playback singers
In Greek mythology, Ladon () was a dragon who guarded the Garden of the Hesperides. He specifically guarded the tree in the center of the garden, from which grew luscious, golden apples. He had one hundred heads. He was killed by Herakles, who retrieved the apples for one of his Twelve Labors.

Greek legendary creatures
In Greek mythology, Ganymede or Ganymedes (, Ganymēdēs) was an extremely handsome youth. Homer said he was the most beautiful of all mortals. He was born a prince of Troy. His parents were King Tros (from whose name "Troy" is derived), and Queen Callirrhoe, daughter of the river god Scamander.

When Zeus began lusting for the boy, he went down to Earth in the form of an eagle and took him up to Mount Olympus. There, Ganymede was made immortal. He served as the cup-bearer of the gods. To remember this event, Zeus placed Ganymede into the sky as the constellation Aquarius. Ganymede, the largest and most massive of all Jupiter's moons, was named after this mythological figure.

References 

Greek gods and goddesses
Phobos (Ancient Greek: Φόβος - "fear") and Deimos (Ancient Greek: Δεῖμος - "dread") are the gods of fear and terror in Greek mythology. They were twins, sons of Ares and Aphrodite. The two of them would often accompany their father as he rode into battle on his chariot, alongside Enyo, goddess of war and bloodshed, and Eris, goddess of strife.

Greek gods and goddesses
Jerry Williams, real name Sven Erik Fernström (15 April 1942 – 25 March 2018) was a Swedish singer and actor. He was known early in his career as the lead singer of The Violents he then launched a solo career.

Early life 
Williams likes playing football and was very interested in sports, ice hockey and was engaged in cycle sport who was also a member of a boxing club called Narva BK. While his father is taking care of him and his brother.

Career 
In 1962, Williams and the Violents released a version of "Darling Nelly Grey" as a single, which became a major hit in Sweden.

Williams was also an actor appearing as Frasse in the 1985 movie On the Loose. He also voice dubbed a few characters in the Disney movie Rock-a-Doodle.

In 1989, Williams released the song "Did I Tell You" which became his biggest hit song and the record "JW" which led to him being discovered by a new generation.
During the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 he was a part of the choir for the song En Dag which was performed by Tommy Nilsson representing Sweden.

In 2013, Williams co-operated with opera singer Malena Ernman on the latter's album called I decembertid. He sang "Counting Miracles", the opening track of the album as a duet with Ernman. The song charted at Svensktoppen, and placed as number one on 6 April 2014.

Personal life 
Williams was a lifelong communist. Off stage he led a very private life with his family, dogs and training who was also an AIK supporter.

Williams lived in Täby at the time of his death. Williams died from cancer in Täby on 25 March 2018, aged 75.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Swedish movie actors
Swedish voice actors
Swedish rock singers
Sándor Demján (14 May 1943 – 26 March 2018) was a Hungarian businessman and entrepreneur. According to Forbes the second richest person in Hungary with a net worth of 192.0 billion HUF (0.615 billion EUR). He was the chairman of TriGránit.

His wealth has been estimated to HUF 300 billion in assets in 2008; At the time, he was Hungary's richest man. His assets in 2006 has been estimated at HUF 80 billion; In just over two years, his capital almost quadrupled.

References

1943 births
2018 deaths
Hungarian businesspeople
Billionaires
Arnaud Jean-Georges Beltrame (18 April 1973 – 24 March 2018) was a French lieutenant colonel in the National Gendarmerie and Deputy Commander of the Departmental Gendarmerie's Aude Groupment.

Beltrame was killed by a terrorist at Trèbes after having exchanged himself for a hostage. After a three-hour stand-off, the terrorist stabbed him the throat and shot Beltrame.

French President Emmanuel Macron said that Beltrame deserved "the respect and admiration of the whole nation."

References

1973 births
2018 deaths
French murder victims
French military people
Arijit Singh (born 25 April 1987) is an Indian musician, singer, Music composer, Music producer, Recordist and Live Performer. He mainly sings Hindi and Bengali songs. He has won  51 awards in which there are four Filmfare Awards.

"Channa Mereya", "Tum Hi Ho", "Phir Bhi Tumko Chahunga", "Uska Hi Banana", "Aayat", "Raabta", "Ae Dil Hai Mushkil" are some of his popular songs.

References

Other websites

 

1987 births
Living people
Indian singers
Punjabi people
Bollywood playback singers
On 23 March 2018, there was a series of Islamist terrorist attacks in the towns of Carcassonne and Trèbes in southern France.

Background
Redouane Lakdim, a 25-year-old French-Moroccan, shot the two occupants of a car in Carcassonne, killing the passenger and hijacking it. He then opened fire on four police officers, seriously wounding one. Lakdim drove to nearby Trèbes, where he stormed a Super U supermarket, killing two civilians, wounding others, and taking at least one hostage. 

A senior gendarme, Lt. Col. Arnaud Beltrame, voluntarily swapped places with a hostage. After a three-hour stand-off, Lakdim fatally shot and stabbed Beltrame. A police tactical unit immediately stormed the building and killed Lakdim. He was named a "soldier of the Islamic State" by the Amaq News Agency, and the President of France called the attacks an act of Islamist terrorism.
Motive
Lakdim swore allegiance to the Islamic State and demanded the release of Salah Abdeslam, the only surviving suspect of the November 2015 Paris attacks.

Aftermath
Five people were killed in the attacks, including the perpetrator, and fifteen were wounded.

For his actions, Beltrame was hailed as a hero. Macron said that Beltrame deserved "the respect and admiration of the whole nation."

References

2018 crimes in Europe
2010s crimes in France
2010s murders in Europe
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
March 2018 events
Murder in 2018
Murder in France
Terrorist incidents in 2018
Terrorist incidents in France
2018 in France
Carcassonne
Sergei Panteleevich Mavrodi (; 11 August 1955 – 26 March 2018) was a Russian financial fraudster and politician. He served as a deputy of the State Duma from 1994 to 1995. He was the founder of the МММ series of pyramid schemes.

Mavrodi died of a heart attack at the age of 62 in Moscow.

References

1955 births
2018 deaths
Fraudsters
Politicians from Moscow
Stéphane Audran (born Colette Suzanne Dacheville 8 November 1932 – 27 March 2018) was a French movie and television actress. She was known for her performances in award-winning movies such as Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie (1972) and Babette's Feast (1987), The Big Red One (1980) and Violette Nozière (1978).

In 1973, Audran won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.

References

Other websites
 

BAFTA Award winning actors
1932 births
2018 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
People from Versailles
Appleton is a city in Outagamie (mostly), Calumet, and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin, United States. 

It is near the Fox River,  southwest of Green Bay and  north of Milwaukee.

Appleton is the county seat of Outagamie County. The population was 72,623 at the 2010 census.

Education

High schools
There are three public high schools (Appleton East, Appleton North, and Appleton West) and two religious high schools (Roman Catholic Xavier High School and Fox Valley Lutheran High School).  Several charter high schools  also serve the children of Appleton.

Higher education
Lawrence University has its main campus in Appleton.  Fox Valley Technical College is also in Appleton.

References

Other websites
 
 City of Appleton
 Fox Cities Chamber
 VENTO Winds
 newVoices

Cities in Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
Winnebago County, Wisconsin
Tlacote el Alto is a small town in the state of Querétaro, Mexico.
It is  above sea level. The population of the town is 518.

References 

Settlements in Mexico
Towns in North America
Querétaro
In Greek mythology, the Ceryneian Hind (, Elaphos Kerynitis) was a deer sacred to the goddess Artemis. It lived near the town of Ceryneia. It was very big. Its horns were made of gold. Its hooves were made of bronze and/or brass. Herakles was given the task of retrieving it for the third of his famous Twelve Labors.

Greek legendary creatures
John II (; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called John the Good (French: Jean le Bon), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1350 until his death. 

John II was succeeded by his son, Charles, who reigned as Charles V of France, known as The Wise.

References

1319 births
1364 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
John Marsden Ehle, Jr. (December 13, 1925 – March 24, 2018) was an American novelist and screenwriter. He was known best for his fiction set in the Appalachian Mountains of the American South. He wrote the screenplay of The Journey of August King, a movie that is based on his book. He was known for his book The Winter People (1982) and Last One Home (1984).

Ehle died in Winston-Salem, North Carolina on March 24, 2018 of congestive heart failure at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 Inventory of the John Ehle Papers, 1942-1993, in the Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill
 Biography of John Ehle at the North Carolina Literary Hall of Fame
 

1925 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American military personnel of World War II
American novelists
American screenwriters
Writers from North Carolina
People from Asheville, North Carolina
A heptagon/septagon/7-gon is a shape with 7 sides and 7 corners.

Regular heptagon 
All sides of a regular heptagon are the same length. Each corner is 147.27°. All corners added together equal 6840°.

Area 
The amount of space a regular heptagon takes up is

a is the length of one of its sides.

7
A dodecagon or 12-gon is a shape with 12 sides and 12 corners.

Regular dodecagon 
All sides of a regular dodecagon are the same length. Each corner is 150°. All corners added together equal 1800°.

Area 
The amount of space a regular dodecagon takes up is

The variable A represents the area, and the variable a represents the apothem.

Perimeter 
The perimeter of a regular dodecagon is

The variable P represents the perimeter, and the variable s represents one side.

12
A octadecagon or 18-gon is a shape with 18 sides and 18 corners.

Regular octadecagon 
All sides of a regular octadecagon are the same length. Each corner is 160°. All corners added together equal 2880°.

Area 
The amount of space a regular octadecagon takes up is

The area of a regular octadecagon of side length a is given by

18
A hendecagon or 11-gon is a shape with 11 sides and 11 corners.

Regular hendecagon 
All sides of a regular hendecagon are the same length. Each corner is 147.27°. All corners added together equal 1619.97°.

Area 
The amount of space a regular hendecagon takes up is

 

a is the length of one of its sides.

11
A hectogon or hectagon is a shape with 100 sides and 100 corners.

Regular hectogon 
All sides of a regular hectogon are the same length. Each corner is 176.4°. All corners added together equal 17640°.

Area 
The area of a regular hectogon of side length a is given by

References 

100
Dhaulagiri is a group of mountains in Nepal. It is  long and lies between Kaligandaki river and Bheri river. Dhaulagiri I which is the seventh highest mountain in the world whose height is  lies in this group.

The name Dhaulagiri comes from sanskrit in which dhawala means white, beautiful and giri means mountain.

References

Other websites

 Dhaulagiri on Himalaya-Info.org (German)
 Dhaulagiri on Peakware 
 Dhaulagiri on summitpost.org (Information about mountain climbing and first climb in detail)
 Himalayan Index

Mountains of Nepal
Himalayas
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is Charles Darwin's third major work of evolutionary theory, following On the Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871).

Darwin had intended it as a section of The Descent of Man. However, that book was already quite long: it was published in two volumes. So the Expression of the Emotions was published separately in 1872.

The book is about the way emotional life is shown by the faces and actions of man and other mammals. Darwin sets out ideas that our systems of emotions are inherited, and have evolved in a similar way to the more familiar structural aspects of man and animals.
He explores the origins of such human characteristics as the lifting of the eyebrows in moments of surprise and the mental confusion which typically accompanies blushing. The book is very notable for being the first book to use photographs as the main way of showing scientific evidence. The field of study is now called behavioural genetics. One line of evidence he uses is the way many different peoples in different parts of the world have similar facial and emotional reactions.
Darwin's basic points were: a single origin for the entire human species, and universal human expressions. Also, there are obvious links between the way human emotions are shown and the way other mammals show their emotions. Our emotional displays are adapted from a more basic set of emotional displays common to many mammals. The emotional displays are inherited, automatic and are difficult to control with our conscious mind. They are operated by the more ancient unconscious mind. Modern research has shown that it is extremely difficult to avoid giving signs of our emotions.

A German translation of The Expression appeared in 1872; Dutch and French versions followed in 1873 and 1874. A second edition of the book, with only minor alterations, was published in 1890.

References 

Books by Charles Darwin
Celestine, also known as celestite, is a blue mineral which is the main source of the element strontium. It is found as strontium sulfate (SrSO4), which is commonly used in fireworks and in some metal alloys. Often occuring in crystallized formation, celestine derives its name from the Latin word for celestial, caelestis.

References 

Ores
Minerals
Dream Market is an online darknet market started in late 2013. Dream Market works on a hidden service of the Tor network. This allows online users to browse anonymously and securely while dodging possible monitoring of traffic. The marketplace sells many things, including drugs, stolen data, and fake goods, using the Bitcoin, BitcoinCash and Monero cryptocurrencies. Dream provides an escrow service, with disputes handled by staff. The market also has forums, hosted on a different URL.

After the takeovers and shutdowns of the AlphaBay and Hansa markets in July 2017, there was much speculation that Dream Market would become the main darknet marketplace. Many sellers and buyers from AlphaBay and Hansa communities registered on Dream Market.

At the time, Dream Market was reported to have "57,000 listings for drugs and 4,000 listings for opioids".
Dream Administrator and vendor Gal Vallerius was arrested in August 2017, after a border search of his laptop confirmed his identity as online drug seller OxyMonster. $500,000 USD in the cryptocurrency Bitcoin was discovered on his laptop. Vallerius is the subject of an continuing investigation about large online narcotics purchases which began in February 2016.

Security problems 
After the recent seizures of other markets, the accounts of a number of Dream Market vendors came under the control of Dutch law enforcement. As the market remains in operation, and no official statement has been released by Dutch authorities regarding this matter, it is not known how these accounts were compromised, though some researchers suggest that shared credentials are to blame.
On September 13th, Dream users reported the loss of funds from their accounts in posts to forums such as reddit. In a post to the markets' news page, Staff later confirmed that a hard drive failure caused the issue and promised to refund the lost funds. The issue has not yet been resolved, and it is not known how many (if any) users have had their prior balance compensated.

References 

Internet
The Canadian Shield is also called the Laurentian Plateau, or  (French).

It is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks (geological shield). It is the ancient geological core of the North American continent (the North American Craton or Laurentia). 

A continuation of the shield is in west Greenland, to which it was once connected. In the United States the shield is mostly covered with much younger rocks and sediment.

The Canadian Shield round Hudson Bay is covered with shallow soil. Its main industrial use is for mining.

References

Geography of North America
Arnold Richard Hirsch (March 9, 1949 – March 19, 2018) was an American historian. He was born in Rogers Park, Chicago, Illinois. He taught at the University of New Orleans, where he served as Ethel and Herman L. Midlo Endowed Chair for New Orleans Studies. Hirsch published Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960.

Hirsch died on March 19, 2018 of complications from Lewy body dementia in Oak Park, Illinois, aged 69.

References

1949 births
2018 deaths
American historians
Writers from Chicago
Academics from Louisiana
Huntington Park is a city in the Gateway Cities district of southeastern Los Angeles County, California.

As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 54,883.

Huntington Park was made in 1906 as a streetcar suburb for workers in the rapidly expanding industries to the southeast of downtown Los Angeles. To this day, about 30% of its residents work at factories in nearby Vernon and Commerce.

References

Other websites
 

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in California
Vernon is a city five miles (8.0 km) south of downtown Los Angeles, California. The population was 222 at the 2020 United States Census, the second smallest of any incorporated city in the state (and the nearest to downtown Los Angeles).

The city is made of industrial areas and describes itself as "exclusively industrial". Meatpacking plants and warehouses are common. As of 2006, there were no parks in the city.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Commerce is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 12,378 at the 2020 census.

It is bordered by Vernon on the west, Los Angeles on the northwest, East Los Angeles on the north, Montebello on the east, Downey and Bell Gardens on the south, and Maywood on the southwest.

The Los Angeles River forms part of its southwestern boundary. It is usually referred to as the "City of Commerce" to distinguish it from the common noun.

References

Other websites
LA County Disaster Communications Service (DCS) East LA Station 
Commerce Aquatics website
Rosewood Park K-8 
Bandini Elementary School 

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
West Midlands Trains (WMT) is a British train operating company based in Birmingham, England. It operates passenger trains on the West Midlands franchise between London and the West Midlands under two trade names: West Midlands Railway (WMR) (within the West Midlands region) and London Northwestern Railway (LNR) (outside the West Midlands region). The company took over from London Midland on 10 December 2017.

It is owned by a consortium of three companies: Abellio, JR East and Mitsui Group.

The company provides direct LNWR trains mainly between London and Birmingham, with some trains going to Watford, Tring, Milton Keynes, Crewe and Liverpool. WMR provide direct trains between Birmingham and towns such as Shrewsbury, Rugeley, Wolverhampton, Walsall, Stratford-upon-Avon, Nuneaton, Redditch and Hereford.

References

2017 establishments in the United Kingdom
British train operating companies
Buddy Bolden was an African-American cornetist who was a key figure in developing the New Orleans style of ragtime music.

References

Other websites

 

1877 births
1931 deaths
American jazz musicians
Tuscarawas County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 92,582. The county seat is New Philadelphia.

Communities

Cities
Dover
New Philadelphia (county seat)
Uhrichsville

Villages

Baltic
Barnhill
Bolivar
Dennison
Gnadenhutten
Midvale
Mineral City
Newcomerstown
Parral
Port Washington
Roswell
Stone Creek
Strasburg
Sugarcreek
Tuscarawas
Zoar

Townships

Auburn
Bucks
Clay
Dover
Fairfield
Franklin
Goshen
Jefferson
Lawrence
Mill
Oxford
Perry
Rush
Salem
Sandy
Sugar Creek
Union
Warren
Warwick
Washington
Wayne
York

Census-designated places
Dundee
Sandyville

Other unincorporated communities

 Barrs Mills
 Bernice
 Blackband
 Booth
 Brightwood
 Bucks
 Columbia
 Eastport
 Fiat
 Gilmore
 Glasgow
 Goshen
 Hartwood
 Lock Seventeen
 Lowden
 Mount Tabor
 New Cumberland
 Newport
 Peoli
 Postboy
 Ragersville
 Riverside Park
 Rock
 Rockford
 Rush
 Schoenbrunn
 Somerdale
 Stillwater
 Wainwright
 West Chester
 Wilkshire Hills
 Winfield
 Winklepleck Grove
 Wolf
 Yorktown
 Zoarville
References 

1808 establishments in Ohio
Ohio counties
Uhrichsville is a city of Tuscarawas County in the state of Ohio, United States. The population was 5,413 at the 2010 census. Claymont City School District is the major education provider for the city of Uhrichsville and for the village of Dennison, Ohio. Uhrichsville Water Park opened in June 2008. It is heated and features slides, waterfalls, buckets, and a water jungle-gym.

Cities in Ohio
The name Novichok is used for a number of chemical compounds that have been used as nerve agents (similar to nerve gas) from the 1970s to at least the 1990s in the Soviet Union. There are 3–5 different substances, all called Novichok. The exact formula of these agents is unknown. The following facts are known or likely:
Novichok is produced by combining two (or more) other substances. Unless they are combined, these other substances are not dangerous; as an example: fertilizer for agriculture
At least four or five compounds are known to exist. 
In 2018, former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter were poisoned using Novichok. Novichok was also the agent in the 2018 Amesbury poisonings. It is likely that Alexei Navalny was poisoned using Novichok in 2020.

Nerve agents
Heather Langenkamp (born July 17, 1962 in Tulsa, Oklahoma) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Nancy Thompson in the A Nightmare on Elm Street movies.

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1962 births
Living people
A Nightmare on Elm Street
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Sandra Peabody (born January 11, 1948 in Portland, Oregon) is an American actress, writer, producer, and acting coach. She is best known for her role as Mari Collingwood in Wes Craven's 1972 horror movie The Last House on the Left. She is known for her roles in horror movies such as Voices of Desire (1972), Massage Parlor Murders! (1973), and Legacy of Satan (1974). Peabody quit acting in the mid 1970s and now works as an acting coach, writer, and producer.

Movie

1948 births
Actors from Portland, Oregon
Writers from Portland, Oregon
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
In Greek mythology, Otrera (; , Otrērē) was a queen of the Amazons. She was the daughter of Eurus (the east wind). She was a lover of the god Ares. Their children were Hippolyta, Antiope, Melanippe, and Penthesilea.

References 

People in Greek mythology
The Last House on the Left is a 1972 American horror movie. It was directed by Wes Craven and produced by Sean S. Cunningham. The movie stars Sandra Peabody, Lucy Grantham, David A. Hess, Fred Lincoln, Jeramie Rain, and Marc Sheffler.

1972 movies
English-language movies
American horror movies
Penthesilea (, Penthesileia) was a queen of the Amazonian in Greek mythology. Her parents were Ares and Otrera. She was the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe. She and her sisters were allies of the Trojans during the Trojan War.

People in Greek mythology
Ronny Lynn Jackson (born May 4, 1967) is an American politician and medical doctor. He is the U.S. Representative from Texas since 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.

He was the Physician to the President, and United States Navy Rear admiral. Jackson was first appointed to the role of physician to the President on July 25, 2013, by Barack Obama, he was re-hired by Donald Trump after his election in 2016. He stepped down from the position on April 28, 2018.

On March 28, 2018, President Trump announced his plans to nominate Jackson as United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs, replacing David Shulkin. On April 26, 2018, Jackson withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

In December 2019, he announced his plans to run for the United States House of Representatives in Texas during the 2020 election. He won the election in November 2020.

Early life
Jackson was born Levelland, Texas. He studied at Texas A&M University and at the University of Texas Medical Branch.
Career
Jackson began his active duty naval service in 1995 at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, where he completed his internship in Transitional Medicine. 

In 2001, Jackson returned to Portsmouth Naval Medical Center to begin his residency in emergency medicine, finishing at the top of his class and receiving the honor graduate designation.

In 2006, while in Iraq, Jackson was selected as a White House physician. Since arriving at the White House, he has directed the Executive Health Care for the President’s Cabinet and Senior Staff, served as physician supervisor for the Camp David Presidential Retreat, held the position of physician to the White House and led the White House Medical Unit as its director.
In July 2013, President Barack Obama hired Jackson to be his personal physician. In 2016, President-elect Donald Trump said he would re-hire Jackson to remain as his personal physician as well.  He was nominated to the rank of rear admiral (upper half) on March 23, 2018. He resigned from the position on April 28, 2018.

United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs nomination
On March 28, 2018, Trump fired Secretary David Shulkin and Jackson was selected by Trump as Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

On April 26, 2018, Jackson withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Veterans Affairs amidst widely publicized allegations of misconduct and mismanagement while serving in the White House.

2020 congressional campaign
On December 9, he filed to run as a Republican for Congress in Texas's 13th congressional district. He won the Republican primary and eventually won the November 2020 election.

References

Other websites
 
 Appearances on C-SPAN
1967 births
Living people
United States representatives from Texas
American physicians
Military people from Texas
Republican Party (United States) politicians
In Greek mythology, Eurystheus (;  - "broad strength") was the king of Tiryns and Mycenae. He was the son of Sthenelus. He was the one whom Herakles had to serve as penance for the murder of his family.

People in Greek mythology