Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Second Life is the biggest online virtual world. It was launched in 2003 by Linden Lab, a Californian software company founded by Philip Rosedale. It is made up of a large number of regions or islands, which can belong to continents. The users are called residents, and technically they are avatars. The piece of software used to log on to Second Life is called viewer.

Some people use this multi-user virtual environment (MUVE) for entertainment purposes, though it is not a game because it does not have any single goal that players must achieve. Other people use it to work or to study. Anyone is free to do anything they want, as long as they respect the Terms of Service. They are also free to create new things and add them to the virtual world. Players can make a lot of different things, including buildings, clothes, and landscapes. This is why Second Life is considered a platform, too.
Second Life regions are classified as:
 general, which must not have nudity or other sexually explicit content. Institutions such as universities, conference organizers, and real world businesses usually own general regions.
 moderate, which host most of the non-adult activities common in Second Life, such as dance clubs, bars, stores and malls, galleries, music venues, beaches, parks.
 adult, which have sexually explicit or violent content, and where minors are not allowed.

Many things that people can do in Second Life are about real life. For instance, some universities and companies use Second Life for education and training, including Stanford University, Indiana University and University of Western Australia.
Second Life can also be used for foreign language teaching by language educators. English as a foreign language has gained a presence through several schools, such as the British Council. Two popular places where Second Life users meet to practice English are Virtlantis and Cypris Chat. A list of educational projects, which also include some language schools, can be found in the Second Life wiki.

Related pages
Active Worlds
IMVU

References

Other websites 
 Official site

Online games
2003 establishments
The Ford Falcon is a big car made by Ford in Australia since 1960. It had seven generations and production of it stopped in October 2016. 

1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles 
Falcon
Hoboken is a southern district of the city of Antwerp, in Flanders (Belgium). There are 34,443 people living there.

Other websites
Official Website 

Antwerp
A bottlenose dolphin is a kind of dolphin in the genus Tursiops. The name "bottlenose" comes from its snout being shaped like a bottle. It breathes through a hole on top of its head. Its brain is very large, and the dolphin is one of the most intelligent animals. Bottlenose dolphins are closely related to porpoises. They are skilled and accurate hunters which eat small fish.  

Bottlenose dolphins are grey, with dark grey near their blowhole (the small hole on the top of their head for breathing). They are light grey on their belly. This is called countershading: it makes them harder to see. 

When it is grown up, it is about 2 to 4 meters (6.6 to 13.1ft) and about 150 to 650 kilograms (330 1430 pounds). The males are regularly a bit bigger than the females. Dolphins that live in warm places are smaller than dolphins that live in cold places.

References

Oceanic dolphins
Franz Josef Strauß () (6 September 6 1915 – 3 October 1988) was a German politician (CSU) and minister-president of the state of Bavaria. Press reports called him the "Strong Man of Europe".

Biography

Early years 
Born as Franz Strauß in Munich as the second child of a butcher. Strauß studied at the University of Munich from 1935 to 1939.

He became a member of the NSDStB (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund), (). All students had to be members, or they would not be allowed to study.

In World War II, he served in the German army, on the Western and Eastern Fronts. While on furlough, he passed the German state exams to become a teacher. He got severe frostbite on the Eastern Front at the end of 1942, so he became an Offizier für wehrgeistige Führung (political officer) at the anti-aircraft artillery school in Altenstadt, near Schongau, Bavaria.

Soon after the war he changed his name to Franz Josef Strauß.
In 1957 Strauß married Marianne Zwicknagl. They had three children (Max Josef, Franz Georg and Monika). Monika also became a Bavarian minister and member of the Bavarian parliament.

Political life 
After the war, he was appointed deputy Landrat (county president) of Schongau by the American army, and helped to found the local CSU there.

He became a member of the first Bundestag (Federal Parliament) in 1949 and, in 1953, Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the second cabinet of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. In 1955 he became Federal Minister of Nuclear Energy, and in 1956 defence minister. As defence minister he helped to build-up of the new Bundeswehr.

He became chairman of the CSU in 1961.

Der Spiegel scandal 
Strauß had to resign as defence minister in 1962 because of the Spiegel scandal. The important magazine Der Spiegel said that the Bundeswehr could not defend Germany. Strauß said this was treason and Rudolf Augstein, editor of the magazine, was arrested for 103 days.
Strauß had to admit that he had lied to the Bundestag, and had to resign. He complained that he was treated like a "Jew who had dared appear at an NSDAP party convention".

Rivalry between Kohl and Strauß 
Strauß became minister of finance in 1966, in the cabinet of Kurt Georg Kiesinger.

He worked with the SPD minister for economy, Karl Schiller, but after the SPD was able to form a government without the CDU/CSU, in 1969, Strauß lost his job and became a critic of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik.

In 1976, when Helmut Kohl failed to become chancellor Strauß cancelled the alliance between the CDU and CSU parties in the Bundestag. He only started the alliance again when the CDU threatened to move into Bavaria.
In the 1980 federal election Strauß was the CDU/CSU candidate for chancellor. Some people thought that this showed that the CDU and CSU leaders thought Strauß had better policies and style than Kohl. Others said that the CDU/CSU thought that Helmut Schmidt and the SPD was bound to win the 1980 election, and felt that they had nothing to lose in running Strauß: but it might stop Strauß criticising anyone whon disagreed with him.

Final decade of life 
From 1978 until his death in 1988, Strauß was minister president of Bavaria. He served as President of the Bundesrat in 1983/84.

After he lost the 1980 federal election, he left federal politics. But he did not stay quiet, and often commented on federal affairs from his safe seat in Bavaria. He especially criticised Kohl's ideas, even after Kohl ascended to the Chancellorship.
In 1983, Strauß helped to arrange a loan of 3 billion Deutschmarks for East Germany. This was not popular, and today it is regarded by some as having artificially prolonged the life of the then-bankrupt communist state.

Visit to Albania 
Strauß visited communist Albania on 21 August 1984, while Enver Hoxha, the absolute dictator from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, was still alive. Strauß was one of the few Western leaders to visit Albania in decades. Some thought Strauß might be helping to start diplomatic links between Albania and West Germany but the visit did not result in anything concrete.

Death 
On 1 October 1988, Strauß collapsed while hunting with the Prince of Thurn and Taxis in the Thurn and Taxis forests, east of Regensburg. He died in a Regensburg hospital on October 3 without having regained consciousness.

Legacy 
Strauß was very important in post-war Germany even though he was not very well known outside Germany. He polarized (split) the public like few other politicians.
A well known spokesman for conservatives, and brilliant speech-maaker, he was a "red flag" to the left (his ideas made left wing people very angry).

He helped transform Bavaria from a farming state to a centre of technology in Germany. He was an aerospace enthusiast, and supported the Airbus in the 1970s. This is why the new airport in Munich was named after him in 1992 (see Franz Josef Strauß International Airport).

References 
 Franz Josef Strauß. The Grand Design: A European solution to German reunification. English translation: London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.

Other websites 

 Biography 
 Website with Strauß quotations  
 "Plisch und Plum" caricature (1967)  by Luis Murschetz 
 Memories of Pasadena by J. Orlin Grabbe  (personal eyewitness observations concerning the personal interest of Herbert W. Armstrong in the career of Franz Josef Strauß as the future Führer of a United States of Europe)
1915 births
1988 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Members of the German Bundestag
German military personnel of World War II
Government ministers of Germany
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Politicians from Munich
Politicians of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria
The President of the German Bundesrat () is the speaker or chair of the German Bundesrat, which is the upper house of the German parliament.

Each of the ministers president of the federal Länder (states) acts as the president of the Bundesrat for one year.

The President of the Bundesrat can also act as deputy to the Federal President if the Federal President is out of Germany or not able to act because of illness etc. If the Federal President dies or is removed from office the President of the Bundestag will act as President until a new president is elected, which must be within thirty days.

Election
The President of the Bundesrat is usually elected on the 1 November in one year, and serves until the 31 October of the next year. The Basic Law says, in Article 52.1, that "the Bundesrat elects its President for one year". However, in practice the presidency rotates among all Länder equally, in accordance with a predetermined order. The order changes sometimes, because it depends on each state's population.
If the head of government of a Land changes during the term of the President of the Bundesrat then the presidency passes to the new minister-president for the remainder of its one year duration. This happened in April 1999 when Roland Koch replaced Hans Eichel as minister-president of Hesse. The current order of rotation of the presidency of the Bundesrat is as follows:

  (North Rhine-Westphalia)
  (Bavaria)
 
  (Lower Saxony)
  (Hesse)
  (Saxony)
  (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 
  (Saxony-Anhalt)
  (Thuringia)
 
 
  (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)

Related pages
 List of presidents of the German Bundesrat
 German Bundesrat
 Politics of Germany

Other websites
 The Bundesrat - President and Presidium  from Official Bundesrat website
German TV was a German-speaking television program for viewers in the USA and in Canada.

It was founded as a joint program from ARD and ZDF, which formed 40% each of the broadcast output. The remaining 20% was from Deutsche Welle.

The channel broadcast 24 hours-a-day. The editorial staff and the management of German TV were in the offices of Deutsche Welle TV in Berlin.

German TV sent news and information as well as sport, children's programs, shows and other entertainment programs as well as various films from different areas.

German TV went on the air in April, 2002. It was able to be received in the USA, and in wide parts of Canada and Latin America, by Satellite or Cable TV.

Other websites 
 http://www.german.tv/ 

German television networks
The President of the German Bundesrat () is the German Bundesrat's chairperson or speaker.

The office rotates among the ministers president of each of the federal Länder annually. The new Bundesratspräsident is elected during October and takes office on 1 November. In 1950 the Ministers President of the Länder agreed to elect the Bundesratspräsident on a rota, so that every state had a chance to preside over the Bundesrat and to show that the Bundesrat represents all of Germany, rather than the most successful political party.

The rota is based on the state's population.

List

Related pages
 President of the German Bundesrat

References

Other websites
 "Präsidenten des Bundesrates seit 1949"  (in German)
 Official Bundesrat website  (English).

Lists of German politicians
Germany
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) is one of the best-known leaders of the French Revolution.  He was born in Arras, France and he went to school to become a lawyer and got his degree at law school. He was elected to the Estates General to help make laws for France. He fought against the French Monarchy, the death penalty, and slavery, and for democratic reforms and the people to have more power. He gained a reputation for defending the poor. His friends called him "incorruptible" for sticking to his moral values and killing his enemies. Later  he was elected president of the powerful Jacobin political group.

Robespierre led the committee of public safety during 1793.  Through it, he was able to execute the king. Even though Robespierre got thousands of people executed, Robespierre cared about the working class.
He executed King Louis XVI because he was convicted of treason.  Under the advice of Robespierre, the Committee of Public Safety came to control France. The period that the Committee of Public Safety ruled France is known as “The Reign of Terror” and Maximilien de Robespierre was their leader. In the Thermidorian Reaction Robespierre was caught and executed with 21 of his followers with a guillotine.  The National Convention were the people who overthrew Maximilien de Robespierre.

Early life
Maximilien de Robespierre was born in Arras in the old French province of Artois. His family has been traced back to the 12th century in Picardy; some of his ancestors in the male line worked as notaries in Carvin near Arras from the beginning of the 17th century. It has been suggested that he was of Irish descent, his surname possibly a corruption of "Robert Speirs".

References

Other websites
1758 births
1794 deaths
People of the French Revolution
French deists
Former dictators
People from Pas-de-Calais‎
Writers from Hauts-de-France‎
Politicians from Hauts-de-France
Contents
This paper explains a list of rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and separation of powers. All men have these rights. It also talks about some rights many people have together. This paper was written using some of the ideas of natural rights, these rights are for all men: they are supposed to be valid in all times and places. They are said to be rights of human nature. The last idea of the Declaration was accepted on 26 August 1789, by the National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante). It was a very important first thing to do before the people could write a  constitution. The paper explained these basic rights, not only for French people but for all men without exception, it did not say anything about the rights or role of women. It also did not talk about slavery.  People now think that it was an important step towards international human rights or Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
"First Article – Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be founded only on the common utility."

The ideas written in the declaration are important in French law today. They can be used to fight or change new laws or other government actions. French law is based off of this document.

References

French Revolution
1789 works
Treehouse of Horror, or The Simpsons Halloween Specials, is a seasonal special TV episode that is aired in every season (except the first one) where there are three different Halloween-based stories. Most of the time the episodes are about something really scary, unusual, or science-fictional event happening to the family. Since they have nothing to do with the real episodes, they are considered non-canonical (things that do not really happen).

Most of the time the family encounter horrible things like zombies, aliens, monsters, witches, or sometimes each other. Some episodes spoof horror or science-fiction films (most notably, shows from The Twilight Zone).

Related pages
List of The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror episodes

Other websites
Top 10 Treehouse of Horror Segments on IGN.com
Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror #13 Comic Preview on ComicsAlliance.com

The Simpsons
Bonerath is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 232 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Gusterath is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 1,976 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Gutweiler is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 636 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Hinzenburg is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 143 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Holzerath is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 431 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Kasel is a municipality and a part of the Ruwer (municipality) in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 1,321 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Korlingen is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 831 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Mertesdorf is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 1,688 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Morscheid is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 946 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Ollmuth is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 168 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Pluwig is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 1,679 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Riveris is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The municipality lies in the valley of the river Riveris. As of 31 December 2018, 402 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Schöndorf is the name of two municipalities in Germany:
 Schöndorf, Rhineland-Palatinate, in the Trier-Saarburg district, Rhineland-Palatinate
 Schöndorf, Thuringia, in the Saale-Orla-Kreis, Thuringia

and to:
 Schöndorf, the German name for Frumușeni Commune, Arad County, Romania

Other 
 Schondorf am Ammersee, a municipality in the district of Landsberg am Lech, Bavaria
Sommerau is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 75 people lived there.

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Waldrach is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is near Trier. As of 31 December 2018, 2,035 people lived there.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg
Perfect Stranger is a big screen movie that was first shown in late 2006. It stars Halle Berry.

Sources

2006 movies
English-language movies
The American bison (also called American buffalo or just buffalo) is a species of bison, a bovine mammal. The name "buffalo" is a misnomer, because the bison is only distantly related to the water buffalo and the African buffalo. 

Bison are a keystone species. Their staple foods are grasses and sedges. They once roamed the North American continent in great herds, and their grazing helped shape the ecology of the Great Plains. The bisons has a large head with relatively small, curving horns. Its dark brown coat is long and shaggy on the forequarters, including the front legs, neck, and shoulders, while the rest of the body has shorter, finer hair.
American bison live in river valleys, and on prairies and plains.  Typical habitat is open or semi-open grassland, as well as sagebrush, semi-arid lands and scrublands.  Bison will also graze in hilly or mountainous areas where the slopes are not steep.  Though not particularly known as high altitude animals, bison in the Yellowstone Park are frequently found at elevations above  and the Henry Mountains bison herd is found on the plains around the Henry Mountains, Utah, as well as in mountain valleys of the Henry Mountains to an altitude of .

Although bison once roamed across North America, they are now ecologically extinct over most of their historic range. They live on in a few national parks and other small wildlife areas.

There used to be as many as 30 million bison in the United States, but because of hunting, by 1890, only 1,000 bison were left. Through conservation efforts, there are now more American bison than there used to be, but still far fewer than there were before the 1800s.
The American bison is often used in North America in official seals, flags, and logos. In 2016, the American bison became the national mammal of the United States.

As livestock

Bisons have been used as livestock. They are known for having cattle-like meats, but it is leaner and slightly sweeter than beef.

The beefalo
Main article: Beefalo
They can interbreed with cattle to make a hybrid known as the beefalo.

References

Bovines
Symbols of the United States
Symbols of Oklahoma
Symbols of Kansas
Mammals of North America
The Jiroft Civilization () is a proposed Early Bronze Age civilization of Sistan, Iran (fl. ca. 26th century BC). It was proposed by Yousef Madjidzadeh in 2003 because of archaeological artifacts confiscated by Iranian authorities. White Muscarella (2005) expresses serious doubt in the accuracy of the "Jiroft Civilization" as an archaeological entity. The Jiroft site itself is of undisputed notability as a mid-3rd millennium city situated between the Elamite civilization to the west and the Indus Valley civilization to the east.

Other websites 
 Saudi Aramco World report
 "New studies show Jiroft was ancient trade link" 
 about Iran civilizations
 Jiroft Inscription, Oldest Evidence of Written Language
 New Discoveries in Jiroft May Change History of Civilization
 Jiroft was an international trade center 5000 years ago
See the fantastic Jiroft objects 

History of Iran
Tigranakert (Armenian: Տիգրանակերտ, transliterated "Tigranakert" and also spelled "Dikranagerd" in Western Armenian; Latin Tigranocerta) was a city near present-day Silvan, Turkey, east of Diyarbakır. It was founded by the Armenian Emperor Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC. Tigranakert was founded as the new capital of the Armenian Empire in order to be in a more central position within the boundaries of the expanding empire.

Related pages
 Tigranes the Great
 Kingdom of Armenia
 Battle of Tigranocerta

Other websites 
 Ancient and premodern Armenia
 "Armenia's 12 Capital Cities" Exhibition Opened in Paris

Settlements in Armenia
1st-century BC establishments
Establishments in Armenia
A combat sport (also known as a combative sport) is a competitive contact sport where two combatants fight against each other using certain rules of contact, with the aim of simulating parts of real hand to hand combat. Boxing, kickboxing, wrestling, mixed martial arts and fencing are examples of combat sports.

The techniques used can be categorized into three domains: striking, grappling, and weapon usage. Some rule-sets specialize in one area, while others allow overlap.

Martial arts
Ground fighting (in martial arts sometimes referred to as "ground work" or "ground game") is hand-to-hand combat which takes place while the fighters are on the ground, generally involving a degree of clutching of gripping.

Other websites
Free Jiu-Jitsu and Submission Grappling Videos 
David Thomas' Ground Fighting Technique Catalog 
www.lockflow.com/techniques.php    Illustrated explanations of groundfighting techniques
www.bjj.org/techniques/  Guides to groundfighting and grappling techniques, with illustrations and some videos
www.bjjzone.com  Grappling Technique Videos
Submission Grappling Demo - 7 minutes

Martial art techniques
Anderson da Silva (born April 14, 1975) is a Brazilian Muay Thai fighter and mixed martial artist (MMA). He is a former UFC middleweight champion. He is also the current Cage Rage World middleweight champion. Silva is the longest-reigning champion in that promotion. He has competed in PRIDE Fighting Championships, Shooto, and Rumble on the Rock. Silva holds notable wins over Rich Franklin, Hayato Sakurai, Nathan Marquardt and Jeremy Horn.

Other websites 
Official website

Brazilian martial artists
Mixed martial artists
1975 births
Living people
Karapet "Karo" Parisyan (; born August 28, 1982 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian-American mixed martial arts fighter. His fighting style is mainly Judo, but has been modified to fight without the use of a Judogi.

His current professional MMA record is 17-4-0 with 9 of his wins coming by way of submission. Karo is currently fighting out of North Hollywood, California, and he is ranked as the 5th best welterweight fighter in the world by MMAweekly.com.

Other websites
Karo Parisyan's Official Web Site 
UFC profile
Legends Gym

1982 births
Living people
Armenian sportspeople
American mixed martial artists
Diego "The Nightmare" Sanchez (born December 31, 1981 in Albuquerque, New Mexico) is a Mexican American mixed martial artist (MMA). He has a background in wrestling and Gaidojutsu, a system of submission wrestling developed by his longtime trainer Greg Jackson. Sanchez currently fights as a welterweight with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

American mixed martial artists
Sportspeople from Albuquerque, New Mexico
1981 births
Living people
Elías Piña is a Dominican province in the western part of the country, on the border with Haiti. Its capital city is Comendador.

It was created on 1942 as Province San Rafael. In 1965, its name was changed to Province Estrelleta and, finally, in 1972 it got its present name. Before 1942, the area of this province was part of the San Juan province.

Name
Elías Piña was an officer of the Dominican army when the Dominican-Haitian War. He was born in a place near Comendador and died in 1845 in a battle near Bánica.

Location
Elías Piña has Dajabón to the northwest, Santiago Rodríguez to the northeast, San Juan to the east and the Independencia province to the south. To the west Elías Piña borders the Republic of Haiti.

History
Few people lived in the territory of Elías Piña during colonial times because it was on the border between two colonies: the French Saint-Domingue and the Spanish Santo Domingo. After 1844, the region became part of the border between Haiti and Dominican Republic.
The only town founded during the colony was Bánica, in the eastern end of a region of many savannas that was called Oncéano by the Spanish; most of Oncéano is now part of the Centre Department of Haiti. Both Comendador and Hondo Valle were military posts on the border after the Dominican independence. The rest of the present province had very few people until the end of the Restoration War in 1865 when families from other parts of the country came to live here.

During the Dominican-Haitian War (1844-1856), Haitian soldiers came across this region; because of that, there were many fights here. The most important fight was La Estrelleta Battle, in a savanna to the east of Comendador.

Since colonial times, the territory was part of the Azua province until it was changed to the Benefactor province (now the San Juan province) when this province was created in 1938.
The Elías Piña province was created in 1942 with the municipalities of Elías Piña and Bánica; the new province was named San Rafael and its capital was the city of Elías Piña. In 1965, the name of the province was changed to La Estrelleta and later, in 1972, it was changed to Elías Piña and the capital got its old name of Comendador.

Pedro Santana became a municipality of the province in 1952, El Llano in 1974, Hondo Valle in 1978 and Juan Santiago in 2005.

The municipal districts of the province were created in:
 1992 : Río Limpio
 2004 : Sabana Larga
 2005 : Guanito and Sabana Cruz
 2006 : Guayabo, Sabana Higüero and Rancho de la Guardia

Population
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the Elías Piña province, and only 30,429 () living in towns and cities. The population density was  persons/km², one of the lowest in the country.
Its population represents   of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 28th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.

, the total estimated propulation of the province is 63,449 inhabitants.

The largest city of the province is Comendador, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in 2010) of 12,400 inhabitants.

Geography
The Elías Piña province has a total area of . It has  of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 14th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.

There are two main roads in the province. One, Carretera Sánchez (Sánchez National Road), goes through the central part of the province from east to west; this is one of the main road of the country and goes from Santo Domingo to the western part of the country, to Comendador.
The second main road goes from south to north; it starts in the Sánchez National Road at Matayaya (San Juan province) and goes through Bánica and Pedro Santana and then through the Dajabón and Monte Cristi provinces to end in San Fernando de Monte Cristi, on the north coast. This road, for several kilometres north of Pedro Santana, marks the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti and, for that reason, is called "International Road".

There are other secondary roads. One of them goes from Comendador to Hondo Valle and then to the Independencia province, crossing the Sierra de Neiba mountain range.

Mountains
Two mountain ranges crosses the province from east to west and then into Haiti. The Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range") is in the northern part of the province, and the Sierra de Neiba runs across the southern half. The area between those two mountain ranges is composed of several valleys, formed by the Artibonite River and its tributaries, and low mountains (hills).
The highest mountain in the province is the Loma La Tasajera del Chivito at  above sea level in the Sierra de Neiba. Nalga de Maco,  high (), is the second highest mountain, in the northeast corner of the province, close to the Santiago Rodríguez province. It is the highest mountain in the western Cordillera Central.

Rivers
The main river is the Artibonite that, in some places, marks the Dominican-Haitian border. Other rivers are Macasías, Tocino, Joca and Vallecito, all of them tributaries of the Artibonite river. The Caña river is the most important in the southern part of the province, going from south to north; it is a tributary of the Macasías river.

Climate
The climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year, but it is cooler on the mountains.

Municipalities
There are 6 municipalities and 7 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are:
Economy
As in all border provinces in the Dominican Republic, there is little economic development. The trade with Haiti is important, mainly in Comendador. On the mountains, coffee and beans are important products. Potatoes are also produced in the south (Sierra de Neiba).

Related pages
 Provinces of the Dominican Republic

References

Provinces of the Dominican Republic
1942 establishments in North America
1940s establishments in the Dominican Republic
Milena Markovna "Mila" Kunis (; born August 14, 1983 in Chernivtsi, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian-born American actress and model of Jewish descent.

Kunis moved to Los Angeles in 1991. Her first acting role was in 1995. She is best known for playing Jackie Burkhart on the sitcom That '70s Show. She also plays the voice of Meg Griffin on Family Guy. Lacey Chabert played Meg Griffin in the first season, but Mila Kunis plays Meg Griffin now. She has been in a relationship with Ashton Kutcher since April 2012. The couple became engaged in February 2014. Their daughter was born in September 2014. Mila Kunis has ADHD and takes Dexedrine.

Movie list

References

Other websites 
 

1983 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Jewish American actors
Jewish models
Models from Los Angeles
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Soviet Jews
Ukrainian Jews
"Crazy in Love" is an R&B/funk song written by Beyoncé Knowles, producer Rich Harrison, rapper Jay-Z, and Eugene Record. Released as the first single from Beyoncé's debut album Dangerously in Love in mid 2003 (see 2003 in music), it reached number one in the United States and United Kingdom and the top ten on the majority of charts it entered across the world. The song contains a prominent horn sample from The Chi-Lites' 1970 "Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)", and serves as the song's hook. Its success established Knowles as a leading solo performer following several years as a member of the band Destiny's Child.
Music video 
The music video (released in May 2003) was filmed by Jake Nava and does not have a story. The opening scene begins with Knowles wearing a tank top, shorts, and red high-heels. She performs a dance on a riser. The scene shifts to a gold set detailing a mock photo shoot, before moving into a scene with dancers detailing Knowles and dancing against a wall while wearing caps and full length pants. In a controversial sequence, the video then shifts into its next scene, which shows a helpless Beyoncé struggling inside a car. She is apparently unaware that there is a trail of gasoline outside of the car, which Jay-Z ignites, causing the car to explode.
Knowles does not appear injured; next, she is dancing to Jay-Z's solo rap in an exotic silk print over a fur coat, and decides to kick a fire hydrant. She continues to dance whilst the water is flying all over the place. The video ends with Knowles and her dancers in front of a giant fan in vibrant dresses in contrast to the more neutral colors of the background.

Formats and track listings 

American 12" vinyl single
 "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix) – 4:12
 "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix instrumental) – 4:12
 "Krazy in Luv" (Adam 12 So Crazy remix) – 4:30
 "Krazy in Luv" (Maurice's Nu Soul remix) – 6:27
 "Krazy in Luv" (Juniors World remix) – 8:09

American CD maxi single
 "Crazy in Love" (single version) – 4:11
 "Summertime" – 3:53
 "Krazy in Luv" (Maurice's Nu Soul remix) – 6:27
 "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix) – 4:12
 "Crazy in Love" (video)

American CD maxi single
 "Crazy in Love" (album version) – 3:55
 "Crazy in Love" (no rap version) – 3:46
 "Crazy in Love" (single version) – 4:11
British 12" vinyl single
 "Crazy in Love" (album version) – 3:55
 "Crazy in Love" (instrumental) – 3:55
 "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix) – 4:12
 "Krazy In Luv" (Lego's Poontin Muzik dub) – 5:39

European CD single
 "Crazy in Love" (single version) – 4:11
 "Crazy in Love" (album version) – 4:26

References

2003 songs
Debut singles
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Beyoncé songs
Jay-Z songs
Funk songs
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
"Check on It" is an R&B song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kasseem Dean, Sean Garrett, Angela Beyincé, and Stayve Thomas for the soundtrack to the 2006 movie The Pink Panther, in which Beyoncé co-stars. Although not included on its soundtrack album (because it only contains the movies scores), the song is included on Destiny's Child's greatest hits album #1's and on selected non-U.S. versions of Knowles' second studio album, B'Day. It was produced by Knowles and Swizz Beatz.

Formats and track listing
CD single
 Album version – 3:34
 Instrumental – 3:31
 Bama Boyz After Dark remix – 4:15
 Bama Boyz remix – 3:54
 Grizz remix – 3:19
 Gantman Juke mix – 4:21
Music video
When demand was growing for the song, Knowles shot a music video serving as promotion for both #1's and The Pink Panther. The video was directed by Hype Williams, and was premiered on December 16 2005. The remix of the song in the music video features a remix of "The Pink Panther Theme" and a rap from Bun B. The video has a pink theme, with Knowles shown in mostly all pink (to fit in with The Pink Panther), and the dancers wear pink PVC jackets and dance around rippling pink satin sheets. The video cuts to Knowles wearing a pink polka dot corset against a hot magenta polka dot wall. Where black bars normally appear on a 4:3 (full screen) television showing a widescreen production, footage is displayed of pink curtains moving in the background.

"Check on It" won the 2006 MTV Video Music Award for "Best R&B Video" on August 31, 2006.

Charts

References

2005 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Destiny's Child songs
Beyoncé songs
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
"Irreplaceable" is a song written by American singer-songwriters Beyoncé Knowles and Ne-Yo, and Norwegian songwriters Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Espen Lind, and Amund Bjørklund for Knowles' second studio album, B'Day (2006). Produced by Norwegian production team Stargate and Beyoncé, the song was released as the album's third single domestically, and the second single outside North America in October 2006. The track "Freakum Dress" was initially the third single for US single and the second international single, however due to the underperformance of the single "Ring The Alarm" "Irreplaceable" was rush released because of its high popularity. "Irreplaceable" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on December 16, 2006, making it Beyoncé's eighth Billboard number-one, and her fourth as a solo artist (her first without a guest rapper). It has sold over two million copies in digital sales. It was the last U.S. #1 of 2006 and the first of 2007.
Charts 
"Irreplaceable" has entered many charts around the world. The following table lists the various charts and peak positions. 

1 Irreemplazable – Latin Version

Track listings and formats 
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Irreplaceable".

Canadian/U.S. CD single
"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
"Irreplaceable" (Instrumental)
"Irreplaceable" remix featuring Trina [New York bonus track]

UK CD 1
"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit)

UK CD 2
"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit)
"Ring the Alarm" (Karmatronic Remix)
"Ring the Alarm" (Tranzformas Remix featuring Collie Buddz)
"Ring the Alarm" (Video)

UK 12" vinyl single
"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
"Irreplaceable" (Instrumental)
"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit)
"Ring the Alarm" (Album Version)
Australian CD single
"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
"Déjà Vu" (Freemasons Club Mix)
"Déjà Vu" (Remix)
 Roc-a-fella mix featuring Foxy Brown

iTunes single
"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi & Craig Club Radio Remix)
"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi & Craig Club Voc Remix)
"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi Rosario Dub Remix)
"Irreplaceable" (Maurice Joshua Remix Edit)
"Irreplaceable" (Maurice Joshua Club Remix)
"Irreplaceable" (featuring Ghostface Killah)
"Irreplaceable" (DJ Speedy Remix)

References 

2006 songs
Beyoncé songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Songs about infidelity
Songs with feminist themes
Pop songs
Pop ballads
R&B songs
R&B ballads
Amor Gitano (English: "Gypsy Love") is the theme song for the telenovela Zorro: La Espada y la Rosa, performed in Spanish by Alejandro Fernández and Beyoncé. The single was sold mainly in markets with a strong Latin demographic, such as Mexico, where it reached number thirty-eight on its official singles chart and number five on the Digital Sales Chart in late April 2007.

Charts

References

Beyoncé songs
2007 songs
Work It Out is a funk song written by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles and The Neptunes members Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo (who produced the track) for the soundtrack to the 2002 film Austin Powers in Goldmember—in which she plays Foxxy Cleopatra—and was later featured on the non-U.S. editions of Knowles' solo debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003). Released as a single in June 2002, it failed to chart on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, but did experience moderate success on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, debuting at number forty-nine and later peaking at number eleven. Nevertheless, it was a relative hit in European countries such as the United Kingdom and Norway, where it reached number seven and number three respectively. The music video for the song was directed by Matthew Rolston. This funky number features Chad Hugo on the saxophone.
Official versions 
 "Work It Out" (a capella)
 "Work It Out" (instrumental)
 "Work It Out" (demo version)
 "Work It Out" (radio edit)
 "Work It Out" (new radio edit)
 "Work It Out" (alternative bridge version)
 "Work It Out" (Azza's Nu Soul mix)
 "Work It Out" (Blow Your Horn dub)
 "Work It Out" (Charlie's Nu NRG mix)
 "Work It Out" (Goldmember Shagadelic mix)
 "Work It Out" (H&D Nu Rock mix)
 "Work It Out" (Maurice's Nu Soul mix)
 "Work It Out" (Rockwilder remix) (featuring Redman)
 "Work It Out" (T - Gray remix)
 "Work It Out" (D. Elliot remix)
 "Work It Out" (Victor Calderone mix)
 "Work It Out" (K.O. Ragga mix)
 "Work It Out" (K.O. Underworld dub)
 "Work It Out" (Illicit Planets of Universe mix)
 "Work It Out" (Vibelicious club mix)
 "Work It Out" (RC Groove Nu Electric mix)
 "Work It Out" (Jared Jones Vibelicious club mix)

References 

Beyoncé songs
2002 songs
Get Me Bodied is a song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Sean Garrett, Solange Knowles, Angela Beyince, Makeba Riddick, and Swizz Beatz for Knowles' second studio album, B'Day (2006). Produced by Swizz Beatz, Sean Garrett, and Beyoncé, it was released as the album's fifth single in the United States on July 10, 2007, and has since reached number 68 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

Formats and tracklisting

CD single 
"Radio Edit" – 4:01 
"Extended Mix" – 6:19

CD ringle 
"Extended Mix" – 6:21 
"Timbaland Remix (feat. Voltio)" – 6:17 
"Timbaland Remix (feat. Fabolous)" – 4:50

Chart

Notes

Beyoncé songs
2007 songs
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter () (born September 4, 1981), known  mononymously as Beyoncé, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actress, dancer and model. She is known as a lead singer of female pop group Destiny's Child. She released her first solo album, Dangerously in Love, in 2003, when Destiny's Child was on a break. 

Since then, she has released six more albums, which have all produced hit singles. She has sold over 250 million records worldwide as a solo artist, and as the lead singer of the world's best-selling female group of all time, selling over 100 million records worldwide. She is the most female awarded musicians in Grammys of all time, with 32 wins during her career, as well as her nominations.
Early life
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles was born at Park Plaza Hospital in Houston, Texas. Her mother is Tina Knowles (née Beyincé; currently Lawson) with her Creole descent, which means she has some African and French roots. Her father is Mathew Knowles, who is African American. Knowles went to several performing arts schools, and took part in singing and dancing competitions as a child. Her younger sister, Solange, is also a musician.

Music career
In her youth, she started the girl group Girls Tyme. Her father Mathew became her manager.

Knowles became very famous in the late 1990s. She became the lead singer of the R&B girl group Destiny's Child. The group became the world's best-selling girl group of all time, selling over 85 million records worldwide.
Destiny's Child took a break from recording music. Knowles released her solo debut album, Dangerously in Love, in 2003. Two singles from the album—"Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy"—reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The album became one of the most successful albums of that year. Dangerously in Love was given five Grammy Awards. After Destiny's Child split, Knowles released her second album. B'Day was released in 2006, and its singles "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable" and "Beautiful Liar" reached the top ten in the United States. Her third album I Am... Sasha Fierce was released in 2008. "If I Were a Boy", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", "Halo" and "Sweet Dreams" became hit singles for Knowles. "Singles Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" became another number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100. The album earned six Grammys in 2010, the most Grammys won by a woman in one night. Only Adele would do this again at the 2012 Grammys.
Her next album, 4 (2011), became her fourth number one album on the Billboard 200 chart. She became the third artist in history to have her first four albums debut at number one. Beyoncé released her fifth album Beyoncé on iTunes on December 13, 2013. The public did not know about the album before it was released. The album has fourteen songs and 17 videos. It has been given good reviews. It entered the Billboard 200 at number one. This made her the first female artist in the history of the chart to have her first five albums enter the chart at the top. Knowles performed "Drunk in Love" with JAY-Z at the 2014 Grammy Awards. She was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Part II (On the Run)" with JAY-Z.
In February 2016, Beyoncé was a guest performer at Super Bowl 50. She performed "Formation", the lead single from her sixth studio album, Lemonade. The performance was controversial, as it had elements of the #BlackLivesMatter movement along with influences from the Black Panthers. She announced The Formation World Tour in a commercial after the Super Bowl performance.

In April 2016, an hour-long film, Lemonade, was shown on HBO. After the film aired, the Lemonade album was released. The album became her best-reviewed of her career. It entered the charts at number one in the US and Canada. Lemonade features the singles "Formation", "Sorry", and "Hold Up". It won the Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album in 2017, while the music video for "Formation" won the award for Best Music Video.
In 2017, Beyoncé released the promotional single "Die with You". She later contributed to the remix of "Mi Gente" by J Balvin and Willy William. This caused the song to jump to number three on the Billboard Hot 100. On December 1, 2017, an acoustic duet between Beyoncé and Ed Sheeran of Sheeran's song "Perfect" was released and was at the top of the iTunes charts in 32 countries. The song became Beyoncé's sixth US number-one as a solo artist and her tenth number-one song in the US including songs with Destiny's Child.

Knowles was featured on a remix of rapper Megan Thee Stallion's song "Savage"; it became Knowles’ seventh number-one song in the US.

On June 20, 2022, Knowles released "Break My Soul", the lead single from her seventh studio album, Renaissance.  The album was released July 29, 2022. "Break My Soul" became Knowles' eighth solo US number-one (twelfth overall), while the album's next single, "Cuff It", reached number ten on the Hot 100.