Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
de Havilland
 de Havilland Scorpion 
 de Havilland Spectre 
 de Havilland Sprite 

Napier
 Napier Scorpion

Reaction Motors
 Reaction Motors XLR-11

Schmidding

Walter
 Walter HWK 109-509

Steam engines

Piston engines 
Besler

Turbine engines 
Messerschmitt

Uniflow engines 
Controlled Steam Dynamics, Inc.

Aviation lists
An inductor is an electrical device used in electrical circuits because it acts like inertia in the electrical circuit. Just like inertia opposes the change in state of motion, inductor opposes the change in electric current.

An inductor is usually made from a coil of conducting material, like copper wire, that is then wrapped around a core made from either air or a magnetic metal.  If you use a more magnetic material as the core, you can get the magnetic field around the inductor to be pushed in towards the inductor, giving it better inductance.  Small inductors can also be put onto integrated circuits using the same ways that are used to make transistors.  Aluminum is usually used as the conducting material in this case.

How inductors work

While a capacitor reacts against changes in voltage, an inductor reacts against changes in current. The inductor affects the current like inertia.
In general, the relationship between the time-varying voltage v(t) across an inductor with inductance L and the time-varying current i(t) passing through it is described by the differential equation:

How inductors are used
Inductors are used often in analog circuits. Two or more inductors that have coupled magnetic flux make a transformer. Transformers are used in every power grid around the world.

Inductors are also used in electrical transmission systems, where they are used to lower the amount of voltage an electrical device gives off or lower the fault current.
Because inductors are heavier than other electrical components, people have been using them in electrical equipment less often.

Inductors with an iron core are used for audio equipment, power conditioning, inverter systems, rapid transit and industrial power supplies.
Electrical engineers like to reduce diagrams of electrical circuits, no matter how complicated, to an equivalent circuit consisting of a network of just four different types of component.  These four basic components are emfs, resistors, capacitors, and inductors.  An inductor is usually represented by a little solenoid in circuit diagrams. In practice, inductors generally consist of short air-cored solenoids wound from enameled copper wire.

Related pages
Magnetic charge
Transformer
Coil
Resistor
Capacitor
Magnetic core
Induction coil
Induction loop

References

Other websites

 How stuff works How inductors work, made very simple.

Electronic components
For acronym usages see CAST.

Cast can mean:

Casting, a process where a material is put into a mold while it is a liquid, and then hardens into a shape
Cast iron
Caste, social division in society
Casting (performing arts), a pre-production process for choosing a cast of actors and other talent
Cast member
Orthopedic cast, a protective shell to hold a broken bone in place until it has healed
In archaeology, a cavity that is formed by the decomposition of wood furnishings or human or animal remains, previously covered due to volcanic ash fall

In popular culture:
Cast (comic), a comic series published in the Philippines

In music:
Cast (band), an English rock and roll band from the 1990s
Cast (Mexican band), a progressive Mexican rock band
Other
Cast, Finistère, a commune of the Finistère département, in France
Cast (earthworm), mineral-rich organic matter that is excreted by earthworms
Urinary casts, tubules found in urine
Casting (tails), a process whereby animals can 'drop' their tail, which may or may not regenerate
Cast (archery), the distance a bow can shoot its arrow

Related pages
 Casting (disambiguation)
 Type conversion, a programming language method for changing data types
Edward, the Black Prince (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire, 15 June 1330 – Westminster Palace, 8 June 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England.  

Edward was born at Woodstock Palace, near Oxford. He was made Prince of Wales in 1343, and followed his father into battle against France. He became a famous soldier, helping win the Battle of Crécy and commanding the Battle of Poitiers.  He was a founding member of the Order of the Garter.  In 1361, he married his cousin, Joan of Kent. They had two sons, Edward and Richard. The older son, Edward, died when he was only six.  

Edward of Woodstock has become known in history as "the Black Prince", but no one is quite sure of the reason for the nickname. He died at the age of 45, and was buried at the Canterbury Cathedral. As his father was still living, he never became king himself. He asked his father to give the title Prince of Wales to his son Richard, who later became King Richard II of England. .
1330 births
1376 deaths
House of Plantagenet
People from Oxfordshire
Princes and Princesses of Wales
Charles IV (18/19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328), was the King of France and Navarre (as Charles I) and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death. Charles IV the last French king of the old Capetian line. He was crowned King of France in 1322 at the cathedral in Reims.

Charles invaded Aquitaine, thus renewing the war with England. However, the peace of 1327 was the great triumph which gave him a generous land settlement and 50,000 marks.

During his six years as king Charles IV raised taxes. His expulsion of the Jews from France in 1323 was the culmination of centuries of persecution. They had long suffered from discriminatory taxes and other fiscal policies targeted at Jews, being scapegoated for the Black Plague, and multiple prior attempts to expel them from France. France's Jews were given only a little time to sell to their possessions before being escorted out of French lands.
Charles died without a son so there were questions about who would be the next king. He had two daughters, but under Salic law, the basis of law in France, there was no inheritance through the female line.
Edward III of England then believed he had the right to become the new king of France, even though he was through the female line and therefore it was against Salic law. Thus he began the Hundred Years' War. 

Kings and Queens of France
1294 births
1328 deaths
Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), called "the Fortunate", was King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. He was the first king from the House of Valois part of the Capetian dynasty.

1293 births
1350 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
UT can mean many things:

 University of Toledo
 Utah postal abbreviation
A financial endowment is money given to something to be saved in an investment. This is done so that the money will make a bigger difference when it is saved up over time.

Money
Lisa Marie Simpson is a character in the animated television series The Simpsons. The person who does the voice for the character is Yeardley Smith. Matt Groening, the creator of the series, named her after his sister. She is the oldest daughter and middle child of Homer and Marge Simpson, and the sister of Bart and Maggie.

Lisa is an 8-year-old girl. She is one of the most intelligent characters on the series, with an I.Q. of either 156 or 159. She also plays the saxophone and is a vegetarian.
Despite her cleverness Lisa has typical childhood issues. For example, in the episode "Lost Our Lisa" she gets lost after riding the bus alone.

References 

Fictional characters introduced in 1987
The Simpsons characters
Animated human characters

ja:ザ・シンプソンズの登場人物#シンプソン家とその親類
Farida Mammadova (8 August 1936 – 8 December 2021) was an Azerbaijani historian who specialised in the history of ancient Caucasian Albania.

She was the author of papers, articles and books on Azerbaijani ancient and medieval history. She lectured at the Baku State University, Azerbaijan Pedagogical University. She is the head of the Department of Humanities in the Western University in Baku. Farida Mammadova worked at the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. In her research, she was a disciple of the late Azerbaijani historian Ziya Bunyadov.

Her theories were criticized for the misinterpretation of historical sources and revisionism.
According to Thomas de Waal, Mammadova "has grasped the Albanian theory  to supersede completely Armenians from Caucasus. She has placed the Caucasian Albania in the territory of present Republic of Armenia: all the territories, churches and monasteries in Republic Armenia have appeared Albanian". He describes Mammadova's theories as "an improved version of what became a very rough tool in Azerbaijan".

During her interviews Mammadova has made anti-Armenian statements:
And, it is known, that on whole planet exactly the Armenian people is distinguished by the absence of spiritual and other human values.
In the world there are only two nations that have national identity, but have not statehood. They are Jews and Armenians. The difference is that Jews have created their state on their historical homeland, and Armenians have not created their state on their historical native land.
Publications 
 The History of Albanians by Moses Kalankaytuk as a source on the social organization of Caucasian Albania, Baku,1977.
 Political history and historical geography of Caucasian Albania, Baku, 1986
 Le problem de l'ethnos alban-caucasien, "L'antropoloqie sovietique", Paris, 1990
 Christianity in Caucasian Albania  
 Caucasian Albania and the history of Albanians, Baku (in Russian), 2005

Other websites 
 Farida Mammadova Short Bio

References 

1936 births
Living people
Azerbaijani historians
Azerbaijani academics
Azerbaijani nationalists
Anti-Armenianism
The Ibāḍī (Arabic: Al-Ibādhiyyah الاباضية) is a denomination of Islam that is the dominant form in only one country, Oman. There are other Ibāḍī in Algeria and Libya. The Ibāḍī probably started one of the earliest schools, which was founded less than 50 years after the death of Muhammad.

The name comes from Abdullah ibn Ibadh at-Tamini. Some of the branch's followers, however, claim that its true founder was Jabir ibn Zaid al-'Azdi, who was from Nizwa, Oman.
Differences from other types of Islam 
Ibāḍī communities are generally seen as conservative. For example, they reject the practice of qunūt in which one asks Allah for things while one stands in prayer. Sunni Muslims traditionally consider the Ibāḍī to be an extremist Kharijite group because they came from that group. However, most Ibāḍī now believe that other Muslims are not kuffar "unbelievers", unlike most Kharijite groups, but kuffar an-nima "unbelievers in God's grace." Most Ibāḍī now believe a true believer's attitude to others to be expressed in three religious obligations:
 walāyah: being friendly and united with practicing true believers and the Ibāḍī imans.
 barā'ah: refusing to deal with unbelievers and sinners and showing a certain hostility towards them and those destined for Hell.
 wuqūf: being reserved towards those whose status is unclear.

Unlike the Kharijites, the Ibāḍī have abandoned the assassination of mainstream Muslims.
The Ibāḍī agree with Sunnis in approving of Caliphs Abū Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab, and both groups regarded them as rightly-guided caliphs. However, the Ibāḍī think that Uthman ibn Affan introduced bid'ah "innovations" to Islam and so approve of the revolt that overthrew him.

The Ibāḍī also approve of the first part of Ali's caliphate. Like the Shi'ites,the Ibāḍī disapprove of both Aisha's rebellion against him and Muawiya's revolt.

However, the Ibāḍī regard Ali's acceptance of arbitration at the Battle of Siffin against Muawiyya's rebels as un-Islamic. The Ibāḍī consider that Al's decision made him unfit as iman, and they condemn Ali also for killing early Kharijites in an-Nahr at the Battle of Nahrawan.

The Ibāḍī also have several doctrinal differences from other types of Islam; here are the main ones:
The Ibāḍī believe that Muslims will not see Allah on the Day of Judgement. That is derived from the Qur'an, which says Ibrahim/Abraham is told upon asking to see Allah, "You shall not see me. That is contrary to the mainstream Sunni belief that indeed, Muslims will see Allah with their eyes on the day of Judgment in a way and a manner that Allah knows best. That matches the beliefs of Shia Muslims: Imam Ali (AS) "Eyes can not see Him, but he can be seen by the realities of FAITH" Nahj al-Balaghah.

 The Ibāḍī believe that whoever enter Hell will be there forever. That is contrary to the Sunni belief that Muslims who enter Hell will live there for a fixed amount of time to purify them of their shortcomings, and they will then enter Paradise. Sunnis also believe that unbelievers will remain in Hell forever.
The Ibāḍī believe that the Qur'an is created. The Sunnis hold vigorously that the Qur'an is uncreated, as exemplified by the suffering of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Many Shi'ites also hold that the Qur'an is created, which is one of many theological beliefs that they share with the Mu'tazilah of Iraq.

 The Ibāḍī do not see the Sunni hadiths Kutub al-Sittah (or the Shia hadiths) as canonical but rely more on individual interpretations.

The Ibāḍī believe that the fifth legitimate caliph was Abdullah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi. All caliphs from Muˤāwiyya onwards are regarded as tyrants except Umar ibn Abdul Aziz on whom opinions differ. However, various later Ibāḍī leaders are recognized as true imāms, including Abdullah ibn Yahya al-Kindi of South Arabia and the imāms of the Rustamid dynasty in North Africa.
The Ibāḍī are also found in Jabal Nafusa in Libya, Mzab in Algeria, East Africa (particularly Zanzibar), and Djerba Island in Tunisia. The early medieval Rustamid dynasty in Algeria was Ibāḍī, and refugees from its capital, Tahert, founded the North African Ibāḍī communities, which still exist.

References

Other websites 
 Ibāḍī Islam: an introduction
 A Concise History of al-Ibāḍiyyah
 An overview of Ibāḍism 
 Ibn-Ibāḍ and the Ibāḍī School of Islamic Law

Ibadism
Oman
The  or German Workers' Party (DAP) was a political party in Germany just after World War I.   It did not last for very long, and became the National Socialist German Workers' Party or Nazi Party (, acronym NSDAP).

Origins
Eight days before elections in Bavaria, the DAP was founded in Munich in the  Café Gasteig on 5 January 1919 by Anton Drexler and Michael Lotter. The DAP grew out of the 'Free Worker's Committee for a Good Peace' ()  which Drexler had also started.

Most of the DAP's first members were friends of Drexler's from the Munich rail depot. Drexler wanted a party that was nationalist and aimed at ordinary people.  Most other nationalist parties were middle class parties. The first membership was about forty people.

On 24 March 1919, Karl Harrer (a sports journalist and member of the Thule Society) joined the DAP to try to get more control over the DAP for the Thule Society.  There were still not many members, and meetings were often held in local pubs.

Adolf Hitler joins the DAP
When Adolf Hitler was still a corporal in the German army, he was ordered to spy on the DAP during one of its meetings at the Sterneckerbräu on 12 September 1919.

Hitler was very good at making speeches, so  Anton Drexler asked him to join the party. Hitler thought about this, and then joined near the end of September 1919. There were no membership numbers or cards when Hitler joined the party. In January 1920 the DAP began to give membership cards and numbers.  They started at number 501 to make the party look bigger.  Hitler got number 555, but he was also committee member number 7.  Later Hitler said he  was party member number 7, to make it look like he was a founder member of the DAP.

From DAP to NSDAP
The small number of party members were quick to believe in Hitler's ideas.
To try to make the party more popular the DAP changed its name on 24 February 1920 to the National Socialist German Workers' Party. The name was borrowed from a different Austrian party active at the time (Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei).  At first Hitler wanted the new name to be the 'Social Revolutionary Party'; but Rudolf Jung persuaded Hitler to use NSDAP.

Membership 

Hitler was the 55th member of the party. Other well-known early members were:

Karl Harrer
Anton Drexler
Gottfried Feder
Dietrich Eckart
Alfred Rosenberg
Hans Frank

References

Weimar Republic
Former political parties in Germany
Nazi Party
1919 establishments in Germany
1920 disestablishments in Europe
20th-century disestablishments in Germany
Cary is the second largest city in Wake County, North Carolina, United States.  After January 1, 2008, Cary had a population of 127,640. According to CNN, Cary is the 8th fastest growing city in the United States.

History 
Cary began in 1750 as a settlement called Bradford's Ordinary.  About 100 years later, the North Carolina Railroad was built between New Bern and Hillsborough and the railroad went through the settlement.  Allison Francis Page, a farmer and lumberman, and his wife, Catherine Raboteau Page bought 300 acres (1.2 km²) of land surrounding the railroad in 1854 and named it Cary.  Page made the first streets in Cary and built a sawmill, a store and a post office.  In 1868, he built a hotel for railroad passengers coming through Cary. Cary officially became a town on April 6, 1871, and Page became the first mayor.
Education 
There are many schools in Cary.  The public schools are run by the Wake County Public School System.  There are also many private schools, both religious and non-religious.  Private schooling and home schooling are popular among many Cary residents.

Transportation 

The Town of Cary operates a local bus system called C-Tran .  Cary also has an Amtrak station and is just a few miles away from the Raleigh-Durham International Airport.  Cary has many bike trails and many neighborhoods have sidewalks, so it is a good place to walk or ride a bike.

References 

Cities in North Carolina
Wake County, North Carolina
The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commonly called the Blue Mosque, is a mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built between 1609 and 1616, when Ahmed I ruled the Ottoman Empire. Like with many other mosques, the founder of the mosque is buried in it. His architect, Sedefkar Mehmet Agha, decorated it like a jeweler would. There is also a madrasah and a hospice associated with the mosque. Today it is one of the greatest tourist attractions in Istanbul.

Story 
According to legend, Sultan Ahmed I wanted gold minarets on his mosque. The word for gold in Turkish is  altın. Apparently this was misunderstood as altı, or six. So the mosque has six minarets.

References 

Mosques in Turkey
17th-century buildings and structures‎
Shah Mosque (Persian: ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ , Masjed-e Shāh) is a mosque in Isfahan (Isfahan), Iran. It is on the south side of Naghsh-i Jahan Square. It has been renamed to Imam Mosque after the Islamic Revolution.

Built during the Safavids period, it is an excellent example of the Islamic architecture of Iran. Many people see it as the masterpiece of Persian Architecture. The Imam Mosque of Isfahan is one of the everlasting masterpieces of architecture in Iran and all over the world. It is registered along with the Naghsh-i Jahan Square as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its construction began in 1611. Its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-color mosaic tiles and calligraphic inscriptions.
Measurements 
The port of the mosque measures 27 meters high. There are two minarets 42 meters tall on top of it.
The Mosque it is surrounded with four iwans and arcades. All the walls are ornamented with seven-color mosaic tile. The most magnificent iwan of the mosque is the one facing the Qibla. It is 33 meters high. Behind it is a space which is roofed with the largest dome in the city at 52 meters height. The dome is double layered.

There are two seminaries at the southwest and southeast sections of the mosque.

Architects 

The architects of the mosque are reported to be the following masters:

 Ustad Ali Akbar Isfahani
 Ustad Fereydun Naini
 Ustad Shoja' Isfahani

The mosque is one of the treasures featured on Around the World in 80 Treasures presented by the architecture historian Dan Cruickshank.

Related pages
 Sultan Ahmed Mosque

References 
 Mimaran-i Iran by Zohreh Bozorg-nia. 2004.

Other websites 
 Google Maps Satellite view
Mosques in Asia
Religious buildings and structures in Iran
17th-century buildings and structures
Löbau-Zittau () was a  (district) in the east of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It ended in 2008. It was on the borders of Germany and Poland (to the east) and the Czech Republic (to the south).

History 
The district was formed in 1994 by merging the two previous districts Löbau and Zittau. The district will change again in 2008, when the independent city () of Görlitz is merged with the district.

Other websites 
 Official website  

 
2008 disestablishments in Germany
Apex is a town in the U.S. State of North Carolina.  It is part of Wake County.

Other websites
ApexNC.com Community Website 
Official town of Apex website

Towns in North Carolina
Wake County, North Carolina
1873 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in North Carolina
The Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis () was the easternmost Kreis (district) of the Free State of Saxony and Germany. It ended in 2008.

The urban district Görlitz is in the east, at the boundary to Poland. In July 2008 Görlitz stopped being an independent city, and became part of the districts of Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis and Löbau-Zittau.

History 
The district was not part of Saxony before World War II. It was a part of German Silesia. When most of Silesia was given to Poland after the war, the part of Silesia on the west bank of the Rive Neisse was made part of Saxony.

The Niederschlesischer Oberlausitz district was formed in 1994 by joining the previous districts Niesky and Weißwasser, and most part of the district Görlitz.

Twin towns 
The district is twinned with
 , Neustadt (Waldnaab)
 , Schwandorf
 , Zarski
 , Semily

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website  (German)

 
2008 disestablishments in Germany
Luís Vaz de Camões (c. 1524 – June 10, 1580) was Portugal's greatest poet. He has been compared to Homer, Virgil, Dante, Cervantes or Shakespeare. He wrote lyrical poetry (in Portuguese and in Spanish) and drama but is best remembered for his epic work Os Lusíadas. (His philosophical work The Parnasum of Luís Vaz was lost, stolen with part of Os Lusíadas by envious enemies while he was staying at Mozambique.)

Works 
 Os Lusíadas
Is about the exploration of Portuguese people through Africa and the West Indies. It talks a lot about Vasco de Gama.
 The Parnasum of Luís Vaz (lost)

Legacy 
Today, a museum dedicated to Camões can be found in Macau, the Museu Luís de Camões.

Bibliography

English
English 

A biography about Camões is Life of Camões, by John Adamson, published by Longman in 1820.
 Luis de Camões: Epic and Lyric, ed. Keith Bosley (1990)
 Camoens: His Life and his Lusiads, 1881
 The Place of Camoens in Literature / Nabuco, Joaquim., 1908
 Luis de Camões / Bell, Aubrey F. G., 1923
 Camoens, Central Figure of Portuguese Lit. / Goldberg, Isaac., 1924
 From Virgil to Milton / Bowra, C. M., 1945
 Camoens and the Epic of the Lusiads / Hart, Henry Hersch., 1962
 The Lusiads of Luiz de Camões / Bacon, Leonard., 1966
 The Presence of Camões / Monteiro, George., 1996
 The Lusiads / White, Landeg., 2002

Notes

Other websites 

 
 Luis Vaz de Camões - Catholic Encyclopedia article
 Fulgrosse's Blog about Luiz Vaz de Camões and his mysteries

1521 births
1580 deaths
Portuguese poets
Kamenz () was a  (rural district) in the north-east of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. The independent city Hoyerswerda is completely surrounded by the district. There was a reorganisation of districts in Saxony in July 2008, and Hoyerswerda became a part of Landkreis Kamenz instead of having a separate government.

History 
The district was formed in 1994 from the previous Kamenz district, the northern parts of the Dresden-Land district, around Radeberg, and the Hoyerswerda district, except the town of Hoyerswerda, which became a district-free city. From 1994 to 1996 it was called Westlausitz - Dresdner Land, but then renamed to Kamenz again.

Partnerships 
Since December 14, 1990 the district has been a twin town of the district Alzey-Worms in Rhineland-Palatinate.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)

 
2008 disestablishments in Germany
Emerald Isle is a small town on the coast of North Carolina, United States.  Emerald Isle is a beach town.  About 50,000 people come every summer.  Emerald Isle became a town in 1953.

Other websites
 Official Emerald Isle, NC website

References

Carteret County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
Beaches of the United States
1953 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in North Carolina
Theobromine is a chemical substance, also known as xantheose. It is an alkaloid. It occurs in the cacao plant. Chemically, it is very similar to caffeine. Because the cacao plant is used to make chocolate, it is also found in chocolate. Despite its name, there is no bromine in it. The name "theobromine" comes from the word "Theobroma" as the name of the genus of the cacao tree (which itself is made up of the Greek roots theo ("God") and brosi ("food"), meaning "food of the gods") with the suffix  given to alkaloids and other base nitrogen-containing compounds.

Theobromine is a water-insoluble, crystalline, bitter powder. Its colour is listed as either white or colourless. It has a similar, but lesser, effect to caffeine, making it a lesser homologue. Theobromine is an isomer of theophylline as well as paraxanthine. Theobromine is categorized as a dimethyl xanthine, which means it is a xanthine with two methyl groups.
Theobromine was first isolated from the seeds of the cacao tree in 1878 and then shortly afterwards was synthesized from xanthine by Hermann Emil Fischer.

Theobromine is toxic to dogs.

References

Organonitrogen compounds
Black tea is a kind of tea made from leaves of Camellia sinensis. Often, it is stronger in taste than other varieties of tea, like green tea or oolong. It also has more caffeine. In some parts of the world, like China, it is called red tea, a description of the colour of the liquid. The Western term "black tea" comes from the color of the tea leaf. It has been traded a lot because it could be kept longer. It is generally the preferred form of tea in the West. All People Consumed tea in a daily life routine. Tea is the most-consumed thing in the world after water. One of the best tea is Black tea and Its benefits is very effective.

Producing area and varieties
Unblended black teas are named after the region in which they are produced.

India
One of the most famous countries producing black tea, exporting more than 12% of the world's tea. Darjeeling, Assam, and Nilgiri are known as representative producing areas.
Darjeeling
Darjeeling is grown in Darjeeling district on the foothills of the Himalayas in West Bengal, India. The fragrance is outstandingly good and is compared to the incense of flower or the fruit such as muscatel. It is regarded as the "Champagne of Teas".

Assam
Assam district is major producing area in the northeast of India. It has a sweet fragrance and full-bodied taste and suits milk or sugar. The colour of liquid is dark red.

Nilgiri
The Nilgiri region is hilly area in southern India. The liquid is clear red. It is suitable for tea with milk and particularly spice. Nilgiri has fresh and clear fragrance and clean but solid flavor.

Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is next to India in the total production of black tea. The generic name for black tea which grown in Sri Lanka is Ceylon tea. 

Uva
Kandy
Dimbula
Nuwara Eliya
Ruhuna

China
Tea produced in China has characteristic that the taste is not so bitter. Straight tea is more popular than tea with milk or sugar in China.

Keemun
Keemun

Blends
Black tea is often blended with other black tea or various other plants.

English Breakfast
One of the most popular blended tea for breakfast. It is blended to go well with milk or sugar. 

Earl Grey
The blended tea sprayed  bergamot oil which gives it the smell of a citrus fruit.

Health
Black tea without milk or sugar contains no calories. Black tea also contains tannin and the caffeine. There is a connection between blood-cholesterol-lowering (BCL) and drinking black tea. According to a 2001 Boston University study, there is a relationship between a more drinking black tea and a decrease in a kind of cardiovascular disease.

References

Tea
Bautzen () is a district in the Free State of Saxony in Germany.

The district was created in 1994 by joining the former districts of Bautzen and Bischofswerda. The independent city of Hoyerswerda and the former district Kamenz became part of the district in 2008

Coat of arms
Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities 
{|
! align="left" | Towns
! align="left" | Municipalities
!
|- valign="top"
|
Bautzen (Budyšin)
Bernsdorf
Bischofswerda
Elstra
Großröhrsdorf
Hoyerswerda (Wojerecy)
Kamenz (Kamjenc)
Königsbrück
Lauta (Łuty)
Pulsnitz
Radeberg
Schirgiswalde
Weißenberg (Wospork)
Wilthen
Wittichenau (Kulow)
||
Arnsdorf
Bretnig-Hauswalde
Burkau (Porchow)
Crostau
Crostwitz (Chrósćicy)
Cunewalde
Demitz-Thumitz
Doberschau-Gaußig (Dobruša-Huska)
Elsterheide (Halštrowska hola)
Frankenthal
Göda (Hodźij)
Großdubrau (Wulka Dubrawa)
Großharthau
Großnaundorf
Großpostwitz (Budestecy)
Guttau (Hućina)
||
 Haselbachtal
Hochkirch (Bukecy)
Laußnitz
Lichtenberg
 Kirschau
 Königswartha (Rakecy)
 Kubschütz (Kubšicy)
 Lohsa (Łaz)
 Malschwitz (Malešecy)
Nebelschütz (Njebjelćicy)
 Neschwitz (Njeswaćidło)
 Neukirch, Bautzen
Neukirch, Kamenz
 Obergurig (Hornja Hórka)
 Ohorn
 Oßling
||
  Ottendorf-Okrilla
 Panschwitz-Kuckau (Pančicy-Kukow)
Puschwitz (Bóšicy)
 Räckelwitz (Worklecy)
 Radibor (Radwor)
 Ralbitz-Rosenthal (Ralbicy-Róžant)
 Rammenau
 Schmölln-Putzkau
 Schönteichen
 Schwepnitz
 Sohland an der Spree
 Spreetal (Sprjewiny doł)
 Steina
 Steinigtwolmsdorf
 Wachau
 Wiednitz
|}

Other websites 
 Official website 

 
1994 establishments in Germany
Decaffeination is a process which tries to remove most caffeine from things that contain it. Examples of plants that have caffeine in them are coffee beans, mate, tea leaves and cocoa. Soft drinks that do not have caffeine in them are sometimes called decaffeinated. While the caffeine is removed from some of them, it is simply not added to others, like Coca Cola. 

There are different processes to remove the caffeine.

Drinks that were produced from plants that had their caffeine removed are not free of caffeine; they still contain a little. It is simply not possible to remove all caffeine.

Chemical processes
Dresden is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is found in the south-eastern part of the state.

Saxony is divided into urban (meaning in the city) and rural (meaning in the country) districts like all German states. The districts are grouped into government areas (regierungsbezirke) as well.

Other websites 
 Official website
Holly Springs is a small town in North Carolina, United States.  It is called the "Fastest growing town in the Carolinas" because so many people are moving there.  In 2006, there were 17,425 people in Holly Springs.

Towns in North Carolina
Wake County, North Carolina
Gaustadt is a district of Bamberg, Upper Franconia in Germany. In Gaustadt there is a brewery called Brauerei Kaiserdom (Brewery Kaiserdom).

History 
5,700 people live there. Since 1972, Gaustadt is not an own community.

Bamberg
Boroughs of Germany
In the United States, Super Tuesday commonly refers to the Tuesday in early February or March of a presidential election year when the greatest number of states hold primary elections to select delegates to national conventions. Each party's presidential candidates are officially nominated. 

More delegates can be won on Super Tuesday than on any other single day of the primary calendar, and accordingly, candidates seeking the presidency traditionally must do well on this day to secure their party's nomination. 

In 2008, Super Tuesday was February 5; 24 states held primaries or caucuses on this date, with 52 percent of all pledged Democratic Party delegates and 41 percent of the total Republican Party delegates at stake.

Events in the United States
United States presidential campaigns
The Brauerei Kaiserom (English: Brewery Kaiserdom) is a brewery in Gaustadt, a quarter of Bamberg, Germany.

History

The brewery was founded in 1718 by Georg Morg. Since 1910, it has been managed by family Wörner. In 1953, they brewed 0,6 million litres. The production today is about 20-30 million litres. It is the biggest brewery in Bamberg.

Products
They are producing 6 different kinds of beer:

Pilsener
Weizenbeer bright
Weizenbeer dark
Kristallweizen (Crystal Weizen)
Schwarzbier (Blackbeer)
Alkoholfreies (Soft beer)

They also make some soft drinks.

Other websites
Homepage of the brewery in English 

Companies of Germany
Alcoholic drinks
1718 establishments
18th-century establishments in Germany
1710s establishments in Europe
Cleveland is the name of a number of places around the world, and also some people.

Places
The two biggest Clevelands are:

Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland, England

Australia
Cleveland, Queensland
Electoral district of Cleveland
Cleveland Bay, Townsville, Queensland
Cleveland, Tasmania

Canada
Cleveland, Quebec

United Kingdom
Cleveland, England, an area and former county in the north east of England.
Redcar & Cleveland, a unitary authority which covers some of the former county.
Cleveland (UK Parliament constituency) (1885-1974)
Cleveland and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency) (1974-1983)
Cleveland (European Parliament constituency) (1979-1984)
Cleveland and Yorkshire North (European Parliament constituency) (1984-1994)
Cleveland and Richmond (European Parliament constituency) (1994-1999)
United States
Cleveland, Ohio, the best known and largest city named Cleveland
Cleveland, Alabama
Cleveland, Florida
Cleveland, Georgia
Cleveland, Illinois
Cleveland, Minnesota, a small city in Le Sueur County
Cleveland, Minneapolis, Minnesota, a neighborhood
Cleveland, Mississippi
Cleveland, Missouri
Cleveland, New York
Cleveland, North Carolina
Cleveland, North Dakota
Cleveland, Oklahoma
Cleveland, Tennessee
Cleveland, Texas
Cleveland, Utah
Cleveland, Virginia
Cleveland, Washington
Cleveland, Wisconsin:
Cleveland, Chippewa County, Wisconsin
Cleveland, Jackson County, Wisconsin
Cleveland, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin
Cleveland, Marathon County, Wisconsin
Cleveland, Taylor County, Wisconsin
Cleveland County, Arkansas
Cleveland County, North Carolina
Cleveland County, Oklahoma
Cleveland National Forest, California
There are also several Cleveland Townships
People
Grover Cleveland, President of the United States, 1885–1889 and 1893–1897
Benjamin Cleveland, American Revolutionary War patriot
Carol Cleveland, comedic foil for Monty Python
Rose Cleveland, sister of Grover Cleveland, and 27th First Lady of the United States
Frances Folsom Cleveland, wife of Grover Cleveland, and 28th First Lady of the United States
Esther Cleveland, daughter of Grover and Frances Cleveland
Ruth Cleveland, daughter of Grover and Frances Cleveland
Grover Cleveland Alexander, Hall of Fame baseball player
James Cleveland, a gospel singer, arranger, composer
Cleveland Amory, animal rights activist and author
Freiberg was a rural district in the Free State of Saxony, in the country of Germany. It ended in 2008.

History 
The district was established in 1994 by joining the former districts of Freiberg, Brand-Erbisdorf and Flöha.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)

 
2008 disestablishments in Germany
Freiberg can mean several places:
 Freiberg am Neckar, a town in Baden-Württemberg
 Freiberg, Saxony, a town in Saxony, the capital of Freiberg Rural District
 Freiberg Rural District, a rural district in Saxony

Related pages
 Freiburg im Breisgau, a city in Baden-Württemberg
Fribourg, a city in Switzerland
Mulda is a municipality in Saxony, Germany.

References

Other websites

Mittelsachsen Rural District
Dorfchemnitz is a municipality of the Mittelsachsen Rural District, in Saxony, Germany.

References

Other websites

Mittelsachsen Rural District
Jodie Louise Marsh (born 23 December 1978) is an English glamour model and television personality. She has appeared topless in many tabloid newspapers and has appeared on her own reality TV show, Totally Jodie Marsh.

After being in Celebrity Big Brother, Marsh was on several of the spin off shows including: Big Brother's Little Brother, Big Brother's Big Mouth and Big Brother's EForum. In 2005, Marsh published her autobiography Keeping It Real. 

In December 2006, Marsh said she would marry Brentwood DJ David Doyle, after dating for 11 days. The relationship ended between late December and mid-January 2007.  Doyle said it was because of Marsh's constant drinking and poor personal hygiene. Marsh said Doyle had been unfaithful. In 2008, Marsh dated a female hairdresser. In July 2012 Marsh started dating Kirk Norcross.

In 2007 she started presenting her own reality TV show Get a Life on Living TV, but it was stopped after two episodes because not enough people watched it.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1978 births
Living people
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English LGBT people
English models
LGBT models
People from Brentwood, Essex
Reality television participants
Television personalities from Essex
Frankenstein is a former municipality in the Mittelsachsen Rural District, in Saxony, Germany.

About 1200 people live in the village.

Since 1 January 2012, it has been incorporated into the town of Oederan.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Germany
Settlements in Saxony
Mittelsachsen Rural District
Trashware is a computer system that was built using hardware from many other computers. Trashware computers will often use free software such as Linux operating system. These computers are mainly built for people who cannot normally afford a computer. Trashware is different from retrocomputing.

Related pages
 Recycling

Other websites
 Obsolete Computer Museum

Computers
A yearbook is a book that shows the people and events at a school during the school year (usually a high school or college).

Compilation
Yearbooks are generally put together by a student committee, which may or may not be advised by members of the faculty and staff. The committee usually has one or more editors who are responsible for collecting and putting together all of the information to be put into the book, also deciding the layout and giving of space for each contributor.

Distribution
Often, yearbooks are distributed at the end of a school year to allow members to get the books and signatures/personal messages from classmates. In the US, those that distribute at this time may publish a supplemental insert with photographs from spring sports and milestone events (such as prom and graduation), as well as other important events. Many schools at which yearbooks are distributed at or before the end of a school year have a tradition of having students sign and leave notes on each others yearbooks.
Some schools distribute yearbooks before the end of the school year – such as during July, at Homecoming (US) in October or another designated time in order to include year-end activities. In some cases, yearbooks are mailed to the parents' homes of graduated seniors.

Publications
Education
Basic English 1500 Words
Mario Gomez (born 10 July 1985) is a German football player. He plays in the German Bundesliga for VfB Stuttgart. Since 2007 he has played in the Germany national team including in the UEFA Euro 2008, he has played 71 matches and scored 31 goals.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="6"|Stuttgart||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2004/05||8||0||1||0||1||0||10||0
|-
|2005/06||30||6||3||0||5||2||38||8
|-
|2006/07||25||14||5||2||colspan="2"|-||30||14
|-
|2007/08||25||19||3||6||4||3||32||28
|-
|2008/09||32||24||2||3||10||8||44||35
|-
|2009/10||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||||||||||||||||
121||63||14||11||21||13||156||87
121||63||14||11||21||13||156||87
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2007||7||3
|-
|2008||13||3
|-
|2009||11||5
|-
|2010||9||3
|-
!Total||40||14
|}

References

1985 births
Living people
2010 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
UEFA Euro 2008 players
UEFA Euro 2012 players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Tim Borowski (born May 2, 1980 in Neubrandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany) is a German football player. His team at the moment is Werder Bremen. A member of the Germany national team since 2002, he has played 33 matches and scored 2 goals.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="7"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="7"|Bundesliga||26||1||2||1||2||0||30||2
|-
|2002/03||18||0||4||0||2||0||24||2
|-
|2003/04||25||1||5||5||1||0||31||6
|-
|2004/05||31||7||5||3||6||0||42||10
|-
|2005/06||31||10||3||0||9||3||43||13
|-
|2006/07||17||2||0||0||6||1||23||3
|-
|2007/08||21||2||3||1||7||0||31||3
|-
|2008/09||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||26||5||2||1||7||1||35||7
|-
|2009/10||Werder Bremen||Bundesliga||||||||||||||||
195||28||24||11||40||7||259||46
195||28||24||11||40||7||259||46
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||8||1
|-
|2006||13||1
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
|2008||2||0
|-
!Total||33||2
|}

References
References

1980 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Marcell Jansen (born November 4 1985 in Mönchengladbach) is a German football player. He plays for the Hamburg and for the Germany national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Borussia Mönchengladbach||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||18||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||1
|-
|2005/06||32||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||3
|-
|2006/07||23||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
|-
|2007/08||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||17||0||3||0||10||0||30||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Hamburg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||25||3||4||1||10||0||39||4
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
115||8||9||1||20||0||144||9
115||8||9||1||20||0||144||9
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2005||4||0
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||9||1
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
|2009||2||1
|-
!Total||30||2
|}

References 

1985 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Mönchengladbach
Arne Friedrich (born May 29, 1979) is a German football player. His team at the moment is Hertha Berlin. He has played for the Germany national team in 82 matches, scoring a goal once.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Arminia Bielefeld||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||25||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2001/02||22||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||33||5||1||0||8||0||42||5
|-
|2003/04||30||2||3||1||2||0||35||3
|-
|2004/05||25||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||3
|-
|2005/06||31||1||3||1||8||0||42||2
|-
|2006/07||26||2||4||0||4||0||34||2
|-
|2007/08||30||0||2||0||0||0||32||0
|-
|2008/09||25||0||1||0||4||0||30||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
247||14||18||2||26||0||291||16
247||14||18||2||26||0||291||16
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2002||4||0
|-
|2003||10||0
|-
|2004||10||0
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||16||0
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||9||0
|-
|2009||5||0
|-
|2010||10||1
|-
|2011||3||0
|-
!Total||82||1
|}

References
References 

1979 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Oliver Neuville (born 1 May 1973) is a German football player. At the moment he playes for Borussia Mönchengladbach. For the Germany national team he has played 69 matches and scored 10 goals.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||Locarno||Nationalliga B||15||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||8
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Servette||rowspan="4"|Super League||28||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||4
|-
|1993/94||32||16||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||16
|-
|1994/95||14||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||6
|-
|1995/96||34||15||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||15

|-
|1996/97||Tenerife||La Liga||33||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||5
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Hansa Rostock||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||17||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||8
|-
|1998/99||33||14||8||1||colspan="2"|-||41||15
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="5"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||33||4||5||0||5||2||43||6
|-
|2000/01||34||15||6||0||7||1||47||16
|-
|2001/02||33||13||9||2||16||7||58||22
|-
|2002/03||33||4||5||0||10||0||48||4
|-
|2003/04||32||6||3||0||0||0||35||6
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Borussia Mönchengladbach||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||32||12||1||0||0||0||33||12
|-
|2005/06||34||10||1||0||0||0||35||10
|-
|2006/07||16||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||18||4
|-
|2007/08||2. Bundesliga||34||15||2||1||colspan="2"|-||36||16
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||25||1||1||0||0||0||26||1
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
123||49||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||123||49
33||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||5
356||106||43||4||38||10||437||120
508||158||43||4||38||10||593||174
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||12||1
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||10||1
|-
|2002||10||2
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||3||1
|-
|2006||14||4
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||3||1
|-
!Total||69||10
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
German footballers
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
Thomas Hitzlsberger (born April 5, 1982) is a German football player. He plays for West Ham United and Germany national team. In 2014 he told Die Zeit that he is gay. He is the first Premier League footballer to come out as gay.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2000/01||Aston Villa||Premier League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2001/02||Chesterfield||Second Division||5||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Aston Villa||rowspan="4"|Premier League||12||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||1
|-
|2002/03||26||2||0||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|2003/04||32||3||1||0||5||2||colspan="2"|-||38||5
|-
|2004/05||28||3||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||30||3

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Stuttgart||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||26||2||2||1||0||0||7||0||35||3
|-
|2006/07||30||7||5||3||0||0||0||0||35||10
|-
|2007/08||25||5||4||2||colspan="2"|-||2||0||31||7
|-
|2008/09||32||5||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||39||6
|-
|2009/10||12||1||3||1||colspan="2"|-||5||0||20||2
|-
|2009/10||Lazio||Serie A||6||1||||||||||colspan="2"|-||6||1
104||8||1||0||10||4||colspan="2"|-||115||12
125||20||16||7||0||0||19||1||160||28
6||1||||||||||colspan="2"|-||6||1
235||29||17||7||10||4||19||1||281||41
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||11||0
|-
|2006||7||2
|-
|2007||10||2
|-
|2008||13||2
|-
|2009||8||0
|-
|2010||1||0
|-
!Total||52||6
|}

References 

1982 births
Living people
German footballers
German LGBT people
LGBT sportspeople
Sportspeople from Munich
Mike Hanke (born November 5, 1983) is a German football player. His team at the moment is SC Freiburg. In the Germany national team he made 11 matches and 1 goal.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Schalke||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||1||0
|-
|2002/03||9||0
|-
|2003/04||23||2
|-
|2004/05||25||5
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||8
|-
|2006/07||22||8
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Hannover||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||31||10
|-
|2008/09||25||4
|-
|2009/10||||
167||37
167||37
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2005||6||1
|-
|2006||4||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||11||1
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Gerald Asamoah (born October 5 1978) is a German football player. His team at the moment is Schalke. While playing for the German national team, he made 43 matches and 6 goals.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Hannover||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||25||5
|-
|1997/98||33||20
|-
|1998/99||2. Bundesliga||21||4
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="11"|Schalke||rowspan="11"|Bundesliga||33||4
|-
|2000/01||29||4
|-
|2001/02||32||6
|-
|2002/03||27||3
|-
|2003/04||24||4
|-
|2004/05||31||8
|-
|2005/06||24||3
|-
|2006/07||13||2
|-
|2007/08||31||7
|-
|2008/09||27||2
|-
|2009/10||||
350||72
350||72
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2001||7||1
|-
|2002||10||1
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||7||1
|-
|2005||11||3
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
!Total||43||6
|}

References 

1978 births
Living people
German footballers
Ghanaian footballers