Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Pius traveled from Rome to Paris to crown Napoleon as Emperor of the French in 1804.  Before leaving Rome, he signed abdication papers which would take effect if he were put in prison in France.  He was not put in prison; and he did not abdicate.

After his death
Pius VII's monument (1831) in St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, is by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.

Related pages
 List of popes
 List of popes by length of reign

References

Other websites 

 
  Catholic hierarchy, Pope Pius VII
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Chiaramonti 

Italian popes
1742 births
1823 deaths
Benedictines
Paula Rosalee Corbin, better known as Paula Jones, was born September 17, 1966 in Lonoke, Arkansas. She is a former Arkansas state employee who sued President Bill Clinton for sexual harassment, though this lawsuit was officially dismissed after Jones failed to prove damages. The case was a precursor to Clinton being impeached, which he eventually was.

People from Arkansas
1966 births
Living people
Sexual harassment is bullying, coercing or making threats of sexual natures toward other people. The behavior is not appropriate and in some circumstances it is illegal. Ranges of behavior go from seemingly minor annoyances to actual sexual abuse, psychological abuse or assault. For most businesses, the prevention of sexual harassment and defending employees and others from sexual harassment has become a key goal for legal decision-making.

The phrase appeared in print in a 1972 issue of The Globe and Mail newspaper published in Toronto.  The term 'sexual harassment' was also used in 1973 in a report by Mary Rowe called Saturn's Rings.

A 2011 study found that 48% of the 1,965 students surveyed had been sexually harassed. 9% reported the harassment to an adult who worked at school. Girls were more likely to be sexually harassed than boys. Girls are more likely to say that sexual harassment has affected them in a bad way.

References

Other page
Me Too movement
Violence against women
Sexual abuse
Women's rights
Habitants were the farmers of New France. They admired many things in First Nations' cultures and adopted some of their skills and technologies. The Habitants were hard working people who moved and lived in New France to farm.

History of Canada
Natalie Marie Cole (February 6, 1950 – December 31, 2015), better known as simply Natalie Cole, was an American singer and songwriter. She was a daughter of Nat King Cole and Maria Cole and a niece of Freddy Cole. She became successful during the mid to late 1970s as an R&B musician. After a period of low musical sales due to heavy drug addiction, she reemerged as a pop artist in 1987. During the 1990s, Cole won multiple Grammy Awards. She also appeared in many TV programs.

Cole died in Los Angeles, California on December 31, 2015 from congestive heart failure caused by heart disease. She was 65.

References

Other websites 

1950 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
African American actors
African-American singers
American R&B singers
American pop singers
American soul singers
American jazz musicians
American television actors
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Los Angeles
"The Christmas Song", also named "Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire" is a song that is played during the Christmas holiday season. It was written by Mel Tormé in 1944 and recorded in 1946 under Nat King Cole, who also did the song during 1953 and 1961. Other musicians, including though not limited to, The Carpenters, Christina Aguilera, Chicago, Hootie & the Blowfish and Jessica Simpson have covered the song throughout the years.

1940s songs
Christmas songs
Christina Aguilera songs
Alicia Keys songs
The Carpenters songs
Jessica Simpson songs
The Miracles songs
Aretha Franklin songs
Hootie & the Blowfish songs
Jewel (singer) songs
Camila Cabello songs
Shawn Mendes songs
Nat King Cole songs
The Jackson 5 songs
JoJo (singer) songs
Mary J. Blige songs
Justin Bieber songs
Ella Fitzgerald songs
Toni Braxton songs
Ne-Yo songs
NSYNC songs
Luther Vandross songs
Michael Bublé songs
Al Jarreau songs
Ariana Grande songs
The SV Wacker Burghausen is a professional football club from Burghausen, Bavaria. Burghausen plays in the 3rd German league. The club is part of the SV Wacker Burghausen, a sports club with 24 different sports.

History
The club was founded in 1930 for the workers in the Wacker Chemie, a chemical factory which was founded in 1914. The firm is still main sponsor of the club.

During its history the club promoted up to the Second Bundesliga, where thy played from 2002/03 till 2006/07. 2007/08 they were 7th in the Regionalliga and qualified for the new 3.Liga.  It finished the 2008–09 season in 18th place, on a relegation rank but was saved from having to step down to the Regionalliga by the withdrawal from the league of Kickers Emden for financial reasons.The next season the  club finished in 18th place,on a relegation rank but was again saved from having step down to the Regionalliga by the financial problems of Rot Weiss Ahlen.

Current squad
As of 20 May 2011

Managers
Recent managers of the club:
References

Other websites 
Official Homepage-football

1930 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in Germany
Football clubs in Bavaria
The Irish Parliamentary Party was a nationalist political party in Ireland. The Party wanted Ireland to be able to govern itself, instead of being governed by the United Kingdom. The Party was created in the nineteenth century by Isaac Butt. Its most famous leader was Charles Stewart Parnell. 

In 1886, the Party helped convince British Prime Minister, William Gladstone, to announce a Home Rule bill. The bill would make Ireland leave the United Kingdom. Ireland would become a British colony which could govern itself. Ireland would have its own parliament, instead of having representatives in the British Parliament.  The bill did not get passed.
Other Home rule bills were presented later on. They were different from the original because they would have kept Ireland's representation in the British Parliament (instead of giving Ireland its own parliament). None of these bills succeeded. One was passed in 1914, but it was canceled because of the First World War. Another was enacted in 1920, but it failed because of Irish rebellion. It was replaced by an independent Irish Free State, which included most of the island. A Home Ruled Northern Ireland was also created in six counties of Ulster that stayed in the United Kingdom.

References

Irish nationalist organisations
Political parties in Ireland
Political parties in the United Kingdom
Scotiabank Arena, formerly known as Air Canada Centre, is a sports arena in Toronto, Ontario. The arena opened in 1999, and is the current home to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). It holds 19,800 seats for basketball and 18,819 for hockey. The arena has also been the host of many concerts and WWE events over the years.

When the arena was sponsored by Air Canada, it was nicknamed the ACC and the Hangar. The new nickname of "The Vault" was in use shortly after the new sponsorship was announced.

In August 2017, as the arena's sponsorship contract with Air Canada was nearing its end, MLSE announced that it had made a new deal with Scotiabank that took effect on July 1, 2018. The current deal runs for 20 years and is worth C$800 million.

References

Other websites

Official website
Official website

1999 establishments in Canada
Indoor arenas
Music venues
Sports buildings in Canada
Sport in Toronto
Toronto Raptors
Buildings and structures in Toronto
Toronto Maple Leafs
Miloš Krasić (born 1 November 1984) is a Serbian professional football winger.  He plays for Fenerbahçe SK and the Serbian national team.

Fenerbahçe completed the transfer of Krasić for €7 million on 3 August, 2012. Krasić signed a four-year contract worth €2.3 million per-season.

Krasić has been an important part of Serbia and Montenegro under-21 squad on the last two European U-21 championships, as well as at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Career statistics

References 

1987 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
The Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum is a sports arena in Uniondale, New York. The arena opened on February 11, 1972, and is the current home to the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena is commonly known as Nassau Coliseum or The Coliseum. The arena was also notable for hosting the first part of the World Wrestling Federation's WrestleMania 2 in 1986. In addition, it has also hosted WWE's SummerSlam in August 2002, The Great American Bash in July 2008, and WWE Fatal 4-Way on June 20, 2010. The arena was also the home of the New York Nets from 1972 to 1977.

The Islanders said they are moving to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn when their lease of the Coliseum expires at the end of the 2014-2015 season. When the Islanders move, the Coliseum would not have a permanent tenant after 2015 and leaves the future of the Coliseum in doubt.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Sports buildings in New York (state)
WrestleMania host
1972 establishments in New York (state)
Canada Life Centre, originally known as True North Centre and later as MTS Centre and Bell MTS Place, is a sports arena in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The arena opened on November 16, 2004, and is the current home to the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was originally known as True North Centre during planning but naming rights were bought by Manitoba Telecom Services (MTS). After Bell Canada purchased MTS in spring 2017, the arena was renamed effective that May 30. The most recent name change was on July 15, 2021, when insurance and financial services company Canada Life entered into a 10-year naming rights agreement with True North Sports & Entertainment, which owns both the Jets and the arena.

The arena has been home to the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), the Jets' top minor-league team, two different times. The team first played there from 2004 to 2011 before moving to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, and then returned to Winnipeg in 2015.

References
References

Other websites
Official website

Indoor arenas
Sports buildings in Canada
Sport in Manitoba
2004 establishments in Canada
Winnipeg Jets
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (12 August 1831 – 8 May 1891) was a Russian born occultist. At the age of 17 she married a Russian nobleman, Nikifvor Blavatsky, but soon divorced.

In 1875, Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott established a research and publishing institute called the Theosophical Society. Blavatsky defined Theosophy as "the archaic Wisdom-Religion, the esoteric doctrine once known in every ancient country having claims to civilization". One of the main purposes of the Theosophical Society was "to form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or color". Madame Blavatsky saw herself as a missionary of this ancient knowledge. She travelled the world and wrote books about the occult including Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine.
The Theosophical Society had an influence on Buddhist modernism and Hindu reform movements, and the spread of those modernised versions in the west.  Blavatsky was important in the Western transmission and revival of Theravada Buddhism.

References

1831 births
1891 deaths
Russian writers
Occultists
PNC Arena is a sports arena in Raleigh, North Carolina. The arena opened on October 29, 1999, and is the current home to the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL) and North Carolina State University Wolfpack men's basketball. The arena was originally known as Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena until RBC Bank, the U.S. division of the Royal Bank of Canada, acquired naming rights for 20 years, which cost a reported $80 million. The name then changed to RBC Center. The arena was also host to many WWE events such as SummerSlam in 2000 and No Mercy in 2006. In 2011, the Royal Bank of Canada sold RBC Bank to PNC Financial Services, and the arena's name was officially changed to PNC Arena on March 15, 2012.

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Sports in North Carolina
Raleigh, North Carolina
Buildings and structures in North Carolina
1999 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in North Carolina
Carolina Hurricanes
Kris Kross was an Atlanta-based hip hop duo. Its members were Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly and Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith. Their most notable song was "Jump" in 1992. The duo also had other hits including "Warm it Up". They were noted for wearing their clothes backwards. 

Their following albums did not do as well. The duo ended around 1998.

Member Chris Kelly was found unresponsive in his Atlanta home and was pronounced dead on May 1, 2013.

References

1990s American music groups
American rap music groups
Musical duos
Musical groups disestablished in 1998
Musical groups established in 1992
Musical groups from Atlanta
The Scotiabank Saddledome is a sports arena in Calgary, Alberta. The arena opened on October 15, 1983, and is the current home to the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL), Calgary Hitmen of the Western Hockey League (WHL) and Calgary Roughnecks of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The arena was also known as the Olympic Saddledome from 1983 to 1996, the Canadian Airlines Saddledome from 1996 to 2000 and the Pengrowth Saddledome from 2000 to 2010. Scotiabank currently has naming rights on the arena. The arena has a seating capacity of 19,289 people.

References

Other websites

Official website

1983 establishments in Canada
Indoor arenas
Music venues
Sports buildings in Canada
Sport in Calgary
Calgary Flames
Li (禮 pinyin: Lǐ) is a classical Chinese word used in Confucian and post-Confucian Chinese philosophy. The English meaning is "the way things should be done." 

In Li one must be aware of the way one should act and function within a society. In Li one can best cultivate their character by understanding what it entails. Li encompasses most importantly the Doctrine of the Mean, and the Five Constant Relationships.

The Doctrine of the Mean is the way in which one should make decisions in life, in which the best decision is always the middle between unworkable extremes. Taking the middle road as Confucius said would guide one to the way things should be done.
The Five Constant Relationships outline how one should act in society, being the relationships between parent and child, husband and wife, elder sibling and junior sibling, elder friend and junior friend, and ruler and subject. With these constant relationship guidelines, Li sets up a hierarchy between the two people and terms the accepted responses and actions between them.

A parent is to be loving, a child obedient.
An elder sibling is to be gentle, and younger siblings respectful.
Husbands are to be good and fair, and wives understanding.
Older friends are to be considerate, younger friends reverential.
Rulers should be benevolent, and subjects loyal.
References
 Ames, Roger T., Rosemont Jr., Henry (Translators). "Analects of Confucius." Ballantine Books:1998
 Brash, Graham. "The Sayings of Confucius." Graham Brash (Pte.) Ltd Singapore: 1988
 Confucius.  "The Li Ji" Shandong Frienship Press: 2000
 Lau, D.C. (Translator). ``Confucius: The Analects.`` The Chinese University Press:1 992 
 Nylan, Michael.`(Article) ``Li`` from ``The Encyclopedia of Confucianism`` RoutledgeCurzon: 2003
 Qiuming, Zuo (Commentary) "Selections from Spring and Autumn Annals." Shandong Frienship Press: 2000
 Henry Rosemont, Jr. Lecture, Brown University, 2005
 Twitchett, Denis and Wright, Arthur F. "Confucian Personalities." Stanford University Press: 1962 
 Watson, Burton (Translator). "Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsun Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu." Columbia University Press:1 963

Confucianism
A stratovolcano is a tall, conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes have a steep slope and explosive eruptions every now and then.

References

Volcanoes
The StG 44 (Sturmgewehr 44; Assault Rifle 44), known as the world's first assault rifle. Is a gun produced in Nazi Germany during the World War II, replacing the MP-40. Hitler first did not approve of this new class of weapons, so it was called MP-43 and MP-44, meaning Machine Pistol in English. The first service on the Eastern Front was successful, so more were manufactured.

References 

Assault rifles
8 mm firearms
World War II
Weapons
Sir Peter Alfred Soulsby (born 27 December 1948) is the elected Mayor of Leicester.

1948 births
Living people
British mayors
Picabo Street (born April 3, 1971) in Idaho. She is a retired alpine ski racer who won gold medals at 1998 Winter Olympics and downhill at the 1996 World Championships. She also won silver medals at 1994 Winter Olympics and won World Cup downhill titles in 1995 and 1996, making her the first American woman to do so.

References

Sportspeople from Idaho
American Olympic gold medalists
American skiers
1971 births
Living people
"Garageland" is a song by English punk rock band The Clash, featured on their first album, The Clash.

Writing
Upon The Clash's appearance at the Sex Pistols 'Screen on the Green' concert, NME critic Charles Shaar Murray said:

"The Clash are the kind of garage band who should be returned to the garage immediately, preferably with the engine running, which would undoubtedly be more of a loss to their friends and families than to either rock or roll."

The Clash responded immediately by writing the song 'Garageland'.  The opening verses are: "Back in the garage with my bullshit detector / Carbon monoxide makes sure it's effective", followed by the chorus: "We're a garage band / We come from garageland", and concluding with "Back in the garage".

Yet, only two years later, Murray was describing the band as "the greatest rock band in the world" in the same paper.

References

1977 songs
Punk rock songs
The Clash songs
Pope Pius X (; , 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914), born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 258th Pope from 1903 to 1914.   He is a saint of the Catholic Church, well known as being strongly against members of the Catholic Church trying to make it follow modern ideas, a movement called modernism.

Early life
Giuseppe Sarto was born in 1835 in Riese in the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.  He studied at the University of Padua.

Priest
Sarto was ordained as a priest on 18 September 1858.

Bishop
In 1884, Pope Leo XIII made Sarto the Bishop of Mantua.

Cardinal
In 1893, Pope Leo XIII made Sarto a cardinal and the Patriarch of Venice.

Pope
On 20 4 August 1903, Cardinal Sarto was elected pope; and he chose to be called Pius X.

Saint
In 1951, he was beatified, which is a step in the process of naming a saint of the Catholic Church.

In 1954, he was canonized as a saint.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites
Other websites 

  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Pius X
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Sarto
 Museo San Pio X
Fondazione Giuseppe Sarto 

1835 births
1914 deaths
Italian popes
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Christian saints
"Dancing Queen" is a 1975 song by the Swedish pop group ABBA. It was released as a single in autumn 1976, but recorded in 1975. It is commonly known as one of many successful songs in the 1970s. It is a signature song for ABBA. It was written by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus and Stig Anderson.

It became ABBA's only number one hit in the United States, and was at the top of the charts in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, West Germany and Rhodesia. "Dancing Queen" also reached the top five in many other countries.

In 2015, "Dancing Queen" was honored into the Recording Academy's Grammy Hall of Fame.

References

Pop songs
ABBA songs
1975 songs
Arlen Specter (born February 12, 1930 – October 14, 2012) was an US Senator from Pennsylvania.  He had 30 years in the Senate. He changed to the Democratic Party in 2009.

He ran for the Republican nomination for President in 1996.

Specter was born on February 12, 1930 in Wichita, Kansas. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania.  He was with the United States Air Force during the Korean War. Specter later graduated from Yale Law School. He was married to Joan Specter. They had two children.

Specter died on October 14, 2012 from non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 82.

References

United States senators from Pennsylvania
1930 births
2012 deaths
1996 United States presidential candidates
District attorneys
Politicians from Wichita, Kansas
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
The Rexall Place is a sports arena in Edmonton, Alberta. The arena opened on November 10, 1974, and is the former home to the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Hockey League (WHL) and the Edmonton Rush of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The arena was originally known as Northlands Coliseum from 1974 to 1995, Edmonton Coliseum from 1995 to 1998 and the Skyreach Centre from 1998 to 2003. Rexall medicine company currently has naming rights for the arena. The arena has hosted the Commonwealth Games in 1978 as well as WWE's Backlash pay-per-view in 2004.

The 2015–16 season is the last for the Oilers at Rexall Place. In 2014, construction started on a new arena for the Oilers in downtown Edmonton. The new arena, to be known as Rogers Place, will  open for the 2016–17 season.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Edmonton
Indoor arenas
Sports buildings in Canada
1974 establishments in North America
1970s establishments in Canada
Robert Fliess (1895-1970) was a psychoanalyst. His father was Wilhelm Fliess, who worked with Sigmund Freud. Robert Fliess wote several books, including Erogeneity and Libido.

Psychoanalysts from Europe
American psychoanalysts
1895 births
1970 deaths
Carthage College is a Lutheran college in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States.

Colleges and universities in Wisconsin
Manly Palmer Hall (March 18, 1901 – August 29, 1990) was a Canadian-born author, lecturer, astrologer and mystic. He wrote many books, including The Lost Keys of Freemasonry and The Secret Teachings of All Ages. Hall started the Philosophical Research Society in Los Angeles in 1934.

1901 births
1990 deaths
Writers from Ontario
Occultists
Adrian IV (; c. 1100 – 1 September 1159), born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.

Breakspear was an English priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 170th Pope. He is the only Englishman ever to have been Pope.

Life 
Breakspear was born near St. Albans in Hertfordshire in England. His father was Robert, who later became a monk at St Albans Abbey. Nicholas himself, however, was not yet to attend the monastery.  He was told by the Abbot to 'wait to go on with his schooling so that he might be considered more suitable' (Abbey chronicles). He did not wait and went instead to Paris.  He finally became a canon regular of the cloister of St. Rufus monastery near Arles. He rose to be Prior and soon was unanimously elected Abbot. This election has been traditionally dated to 1137. Evidence from the Abbey's chronicles suggests it was about 1145.

In 1146, Breakspear was made Bishop of Albano. Pope Eugene III raised Breakspear to the rank of Cardinal in the same year, 1146.
From 1152 to 1154, Cardinal Breakspear was the papal legate to Scandinavia.

Pope 
Cardinal Breakspear was elected pope on 3 December 1154. He chose the name Adrian IV. He at once tried to bring down Arnold of Brescia, the leader of the anti-papal faction in Rome. Disorder in the city led to the murder of a cardinal. Adrian, shortly before Palm Sunday 1155, took the step of putting Rome under interdict. The Senate (City Council of Rome) then exiled Arnold.

Pope Adrian was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

A proposed alliance with the Eastern Byzantine Empire came to nothing. Adrian signed a Papal Bull (official letter) urging King Henry II of England to invade Ireland and bring the Celtic Christian church into the Roman system.

A dispute with Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor was happening when Adrian died.  He was said to have died from choking on a fly in his wine.  It was probably of quinsy.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Breakspear 

1100s births
1159 deaths
English Roman Catholic priests
People from Hertfordshire
Popes
People from Arles
Respiratory care is a type of medicine that works with pulmonology to make people better who are suffering from lung problems.  People working in respiratory care are called Respiratory Therapists.  Respiratory Therapists help in every part of lung health.  Respiratory Therapists are not all over the world, but are mostly in Canada, United States and Mexico.  In other countries people involved in Respiratory Care are registered nurses and physical therapists.

Healthcare
Pulmonology
James Merrill "Jim" Jeffords (May 11, 1934 – August 18, 2014) was an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Vermont. He was senator from January 3, 1989 through January 3, 2007. Before being senator, Jeffords was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Vermont.

He was elected as a Republican. In 2001 he left the party to become a Independent. That gave control of the Senate to the Democratic Party.

Jeffords died on August 18, 2014 from Alzheimer's disease at Knollwood, a military retirement facility in Washington, D.C.. He had lived there for eight years. He was 80 years old.

References

Other websites

NNDB
The Political Graveyard
govtrack.us
1934 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Congregationalists
Yale University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Attorneys general
State legislators of the United States
United States senators from Vermont
United States representatives from Vermont
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Independent politicians in the United States
Ground state is the lowest level of energy in a particle, atom or molecule. If energy is added from outside, then the level of energy is increased, and the ground state is changed. Changing ground state is the process of excitement of electrons to higher levels. Any other state is called an "excited state." In ground state, an atom is stable, and does not give out electromagnetic radiation. When an electron drops down from an excited state to the ground state, electromagnetic radiation is released.

References

Physics
"Winter Wonderland" is a winter oriented song often played during the Christmas holiday season. The song was created around 1934 via Felix Bernard and Richard B. Smith. The lyrics for Winter Wonderland talk about Parson Brown in the first bridge and a circus clown later in the song. This winter based song has been recorded by over 150 musicians, including though not limited to The Andrews Sisters, Amy Grant, Anne Murray and Johnny Mathis throughout the years.

Christmas songs
1934 songs
Amy Grant songs
Johnny Mathis songs
Jewel (singer) songs
Anne Murray songs
The Andrews Sisters songs
Louis Armstrong songs
Pope Pius VIII (; 20 November 1761 – 30 November 1830), born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 254th Pope from 1829 and 1830.

Early life
He was born in Cingoli near Ancona.

Bishop
In 1800, Pius VII named Castiglioni to be Bishop of Montalto.

Cardinal
Pius VII made Castiglioni a cardinal in 1816. Cardinal Catiglioni was made Bishop of Frascati in 1822.

Pope
Cardinal Castiglioni was elected Pope 1829; and his reign lasted only 20 months.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites 

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Pius VIII
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Castiglioni 

1761 births
1830 deaths
Italian popes
Deaths from myocardial infarction
"O Holy Night" is a Christmas oriented song. It was created to celebrate the renovation of the church organ in the town of Roquemaure, France. Placide Cappeau, a French wine merchant and poet, wrote a poem in 1843. He called it Minuit, chrétiens ("Midnight, Christians"). The poem reflects the birth of Jesus and tells about the redemption of mankind. The music was made by Adolphe Adam around 1847. Notable singers of the song include, although are not limited to, Mariah Carey, Celine Dion and others.

Christmas carols
Mariah Carey songs
Richard Marx songs
Celine Dion songs
LeAnn Rimes songs
Crystal Gayle songs
1840s songs
Joseph Raymond Conniff, better known as Ray Conniff, was an American bandleader. He worked with many musicians, including Rosemary Clooney and Johnny Mathis. He created the Ray Conniff Singers (representing twelve women and thirteen men) around 1959; the group lasted until mid 1970s. Conniff was born November 6, 1916 and died October 12, 2002.

American bandleaders
1916 births
2002 deaths
The RMS Lusitania was a British Ocean Liner. Built in 1907, the ship is best known for being sunk by Germany. 

Many believe the Lusitania was carrying ammunition to British troops when it was torpedoed by a German U-Boat (U-20) early on 7 May 1915 during World War I. 

More than a thousand people were on board, including 128 Americans. They were killed when the ship sank. At first President Woodrow Wilson only asked the German government to apologize and compensate the families of the victims. 

Two years later, this and other events led to the United States joining World War I on the Allied side.

References

Other websites

 The Home Port of RMS Lusitania – Lusitania.net
 RMSLusitania.info
 RMS Lusitania on the wrecksite
 British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry 

Cruise ships
World War I
Pope Gregory may mean:
 Pope Gregory I (590-604), also called Gregory the Great
 Pope Gregory II (715-731)
 Pope Gregory III (731-741)
 Pope Gregory IV (827-844)
 Pope Gregory V (996-999)
 Pope Gregory VI (1045-1046)
 Antipope Gregory VI
 Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085), Hildebrand
 Pope Gregory VIII (1187)
 Antipope Gregory VIII
 Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241)
 Pope Gregory X (1271-1276)
 Pope Gregory XI (1370-1378)
 Pope Gregory XII (1406-1415)
 Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585), known for the Gregorian calendar
 Pope Gregory XIV (1590-1591)
 Pope Gregory XV (1621-1623)
 Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846)

Gregory
"Here Comes Santa Claus" is an American Christmas song recorded by Gene Autry. It was recorded in 1947 and 1953 on Columbia Records, both through Autry. Elvis Presley covered this song during 1957. Other musicians who recorded Here Comes Santa Claus include Doris Day, The Andrews Sisters and the Ray Conniff Singers.

References 

1947 songs
Christmas songs
Elvis Presley songs
The Andrews Sisters songs
Bing Crosby songs
Willie Nelson songs
Glen Campbell songs
Billy Idol songs
Bob Dylan songs
Chicago (band) songs
Mariah Carey songs
Orvon Grover Autry (September 29, 1907 – October 2, 1998), better known as Gene Autry was an American movie actor and a singer. He was born in Tioga, Texas. He was also owner of a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles. His is best known for the song "Back in the Saddle Again" but he also performed many Christmas songs.

Autry died of lymphoma in Studio City, Los Angeles, California.

Related pages 
List of country musicians from Texas

Other websites 
 

National Radio Hall of Fame inductees
Actors from Texas
Country musicians from Texas
American movie actors
American movie producers
American radio personalities
Singer-songwriters from Texas
American television actors
American television producers
Deaths from lymphoma
1907 births
1998 deaths
"Frosty the Snowman", written and recorded in 1950, is a Christmas oriented song which was first performed by Gene Autry. The song is about a snowman that comes alive after a hat gets placed on his head by some children with whom he shares playful adventures before he has to hurry on his way. The children become sad as Frosty leaves, though Frosty tells them he will return. Some versions of the song say Christmas Day in the final lines. Other singers, including Nat King Cole, Beach Boys, Ella Fitzgerald, Ronettes and The Jackson 5, have performed their versions of the song throughout the years.

Christmas songs
1950 songs
The Beach Boys songs
The Coasters songs
Nat King Cole songs
Ella Fitzgerald songs
The Ronettes songs
Jan & Dean songs
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), and chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), is a collection of diseases which make breathing gradually more difficult.

Symptoms of COPD include difficulty breathing and cough, in particular coughing up lots of phlegm. It is usually caused by smoking cigarettes, and around half of people who smoke for their whole lives will develop COPD. Air pollution can be another cause, particularly in countries where indoor fires are used without ventilation.

At the beginning of the disease, the difficulty breathing is only noticeable when exercising, but over many years it gradually becomes worse, until there is difficulty breathing even when sitting or lying down. It can also lead to infections of the lung, which may be serious enough to cause death.
The most important step in treating COPD is to stop smoking. Exercise and medications can also help. The most commonly used medications are called bronchodilators, which help to open up the airways and allow more air into the lungs.

3% of all disability is related to COPD. People can die from COPD. The World Health Organization predicts that COPD will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. It is thought that more people will die from it in the future.

Types of COPD 
 Emphysema
 Chronic bronchitis
 Bronchiectasis

References

Pulmonology
An inhaler is a device for taking medications that are breathed in.

Inhalers are also called "puffers" by some people, and used for all sorts of respiratory problems including asthmatic disorders.

Drug delivery devices
Medical equipment
Hans Eysenck (1916–1997) was an acclaimed German psychiatrist. He was a behaviorist and a leading opponent of Freudianism. He wrote many books, including attacking Freud called Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire in 1985. He also wrote Causes and Cures of Criminality.

References

1919 births
1997 deaths
German psychiatrists
The Crown of Ireland Act 1542 (33 Henry 8 c.1) was an act passed by the Irish Parliament during the reign of Henry VIII, King of England and Lord of Ireland that elevated the island from a lordship to the status of a kingdom.

References

History of Ireland
1542
1540s in Europe
History of the United Kingdom
Politics of Northern Ireland
Dita von Teese (born Heather Renée Sweet on September 28, 1972) is an American burlesque performer, actress, model, and singer.

Von Teese was married to rock musician Marilyn Manson from 2005 to 2007. She has no children.

Other websites 

1972 births
Living people
Actors from Michigan
American adult models
American erotic dancers
American pornographic actors
American television actors
Models from Michigan
Singers from Michigan
Khedive is a ruler. The word means the same as viceroy. It is an official who runs a country, colony, province, or city, as the representative of the monarch of the territory. 

Khedive was the title of Egyptian rulers from 1867 to 1914. It was given to the Turkish ruler of Egypt by the Ottoman Sultan, and removed by the British Empire when the Ottomans joined Germany in World War I. 

The title was first used by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian officer who seized power in Egypt as Wali (Governor). He ruled under the nominal overlordship of the Turks. His family was not recognized by the Sultan until the reign of his grandson Ismail Pasha. The last Khedive of Egypt was Abbas II. The dynasty of Muhammed Ali continued to rule Egypt, though under British 'guidance'. This ended with the Egyptian revolution of 1952. The last member of the family who ruled was King Farouk I.
History of Egypt
Viceroys
1867 establishments
19th-century establishments in Egypt
1914 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Africa
Rockefeller Republican is a phrase that describes a kind of politician in the United States. Rockefeller Republicans are moderate or liberal Republicans on social issues, and conservative on economic issues. They are often from the northeastern part of the country. The term comes from former Vice President and Governor of New York, Nelson Rockefeller.

Republican Party (United States)
Prescott Bush (1895-1972) was a Republican member of the US Senate from Connecticut. He was the father of American President George H. W. Bush and the grandfather of President George W. Bush and Governor of Florida and presidential candidate Jeb Bush. He also worked with Brown Brothers Harriman. He went to Yale University and was a member of Skull and Bones and the Yale Glee Club. He was treasurer for Planned Parenthood.

1895 births
1972 deaths
Bush family
Deaths from lung cancer
United States senators from Connecticut
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from Ohio
People from Milton, Massachusetts
George H. W. Bush
The Irish Parliament's power was restricted by "Poynings law". Poynings Law was a bill sponsored by English Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir Edward Poynings in 1494. In 1782, the bill was repealed and the kingdom of Ireland had brief period of legislative autonomy. But in 1800 it passed a law called the Act of Union to abolish itself and the kingdom of Ireland, and incorporate Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After that, the island was represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom in the Palace of Westminster.

Further reading
 E.M. Johnston-Liik 2002. The History of the Irish Parliament 1692-1800: Commons, Constituencies and Statutes Ulster Historical Foundation. 

History of Ireland
Parliaments
1297 establishments
1800 disestablishments
1290s establishments in Europe
Connie Francis is an American pop singer. She is well known for her trademark sobbing styles. She was popular during the 1950s and 1960s and was at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 musical charts many times.

Personal life
Connie Francis was born on December 12th 1937 to Ida and George Franconero. For the first few years of her life she lived in a Brooklyn neighbourhood on Utica Avenue/St. Marks Avenue until her family packed up and moved to New Jersey. She spent her teens years in an Italian/Jewish Neighbourhood; due to this, she became fluent in Yiddish and later went on to record multiple songs in Yiddish and Hebrew.
Career
Francis recalls her father being a very supportive and encouraging her to regularly attend talent shows, pageants, etc. since the age of four as a singer and accordion player. She attended Newark Art School in 1951-’52 until her family moved to Belleville, where she graduated as Salutatorian from Belleville High School in the Class of 1955. During this time she continued her passion for performing and appeared at many neighbourhood talent shows (some of which were televised). Under the name Connie Franconero she appeared on NBCs variety show Startime Kids between 1953 and 1955.
During rehearsals for her appearance on Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts, she was advised to change her name (for the sake of easier pronunciation) and drop the accordion, advice she gladly took as she had begun to despise the bulky instrument. She was also a singer on demo records around this time, she would record songs and companies or established singers would subsequently choose whether or not to buy the rights to the song and record it professionally. 

In 1955 (the same year the Startime Kids went off the air), George Franconero Sr. and Francis' manager George Scheck raised money for a recording session in an attempt to get four songs sold to a major company under Francis’ name, however they were declined as she had not yet developed her own distinctive sound.
When MGM Records finally signed her, it was only because of one song, “Freddy”, that the co-executive thought would make a good present for his son of the same name. Her first few singles were commercial failures, her first chart success was in 1957 and that was a duet with Marvin Rainwater.

Her breakthrough, although amazing, came too late, after the failure of her last few singles her company said that her contract would not be renewed. This led her to consider a career in medicine and was about to accept a four year scholarship had it not been for her father, who insisted that she record a cover of “Who’s Sorry Now?” This, like the rest of her singles, at first went unnoticed but in 1958, after she did a performance on TV, it reached no. 1 on the UK Singles Chart and no.4 in the US and her contract was immediately renewed.
Over the next several years she would have many more commercial successes and would record some songs in European languages (such as, "Die Liebe ist ein seltsames Spiel" that was first on German charts, and others in Yiddish, Irish, Hebrew, French, etc.). After 15 years of this success she decided to allow her contact to run out and to distance herself from the business and would on appear on shows as a special guest.

After her moderate success with one single, she began to perform regularly again but sadly this led to an extremely tragic event; when performing at a music fair in New York in 1974 she was raped at a motel and almost suffocated under the weight of the mattress her attacker had thrown upon her. She subsequently sued the motel she was staying in and received $2.5 million, this entire ordeal led to a reform in hotel security but her rapist was never found. Francis went into a deep depression and reportedly began to abuse pills daily and rarely left her home.
In 1977 she decided to get nasal surgery and almost lost her voice, leading to her having to attend several other surgeries and vocal lessons. A year after losing her voice she returned to the studio to cut an album called “Who’s Happy Now?” She recorded “Where the Boys Are" also in Japanese, Italian, and Spanish, as she had done before with her original 1960 version. Again in 1981 she returned to the studio to record her original releases under MGM records.

In 1981, more tragedy struck Francis as her Brother George Franconero Jr. (with whom she was very close) was killed by mafia hitmen. Despite this event she took up performing again, her newfound success was short-lived though as she was soon diagnosed with manic depression and was committed to a total of 17 hospitals. Francis admitted she even attempted suicide due to the hospitals environments being extremely upsetting. Despite this, she was able to publish her autobiography Who’s Sorry Now that’s went on to become a The New York Times Bestseller.
In 1989 she resumed her career and re-recorded 18 of her biggest hits and in ’92 one of her biggest German hit charted and ended up among the best singles of the year, this brought Francis the R.SH-Gold award for best comeback of the year. She continued to perform live in the more recent years also, in Las Vegas in 2004, San Francisco in 2007 and Manila in 2008. She also appeared at the Las Vegas Hilton with Dionne Warwick and in 2017 released her most recent autobiography Among My Souvenirs.

Related pages
List of country musicians from New Jersey

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
 Official Site 
 The Work of Claus Ogerman, a pictorial discography showing albums and singles, along with studio photos and complete liner notes which document Francis' work in the 1960s with this arranger/conductor
 Baltimore Net Radio—Features a one-hour weekly internet radio program streaming world-wide, devoted to the music of Connie Francis: "A Visit with Connie Francis" Thursdays from 3:00–4:00 p.m. NYT, with rebroadcasts as per the program schedule

1938 births
Living people
Accordionists
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
Singers from Newark, New Jersey
Carlow is a town in the Republic of Ireland. It was the capital of the English-controlled Lordship of Ireland from 1361 to 1374.

County towns in Ireland
The Lamborghini Reventón is a supercar. Lamborghini built it in 2007. The Reventón is based on the Murciélago. The styling of the Reventón was based on the F-22 Raptor. Only 20 Reventóns were built.

History 
Lamborghini first showed the Reventón to the publics at the 12,908 Frankfurt Auto Show. Like many others Lamborghinis, the Reventón was named after a fighting bull. The Reventón was based on the Lamborghini Murciélago, and used the same engine as the Murciélago LP640.

Engine and transmission 
The Reventón uses the same  Lamborghini V12 engine as the Murciélago LP640. The Reventón’s engine is also paired to the same six-speed automated manual transmission as the Murciélago LP640. The Reventón, like the Murciélago, sends its power to all four wheels through an all-wheel drive system.

Performance 
The Reventón’s engine makes  at 8,000 rpm. It also makes  of torque at 6,000 rpm. The Reventón can accelerate from from 0- in 3.4 seconds. It can also reach a top speed of .
Reventón Roadster 
Lamborghini first showed the Reventón Roadster at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Roadster was a convertible version of the Reventón. Lamborghini built 15 Reventón Roadsters.

The Reventón Roadster used the engine from the Murciélago LP 670–4 SV. This engine had 30 more horsepower than the standard Reventón.

The Reventón Roadster has a lower top speed than the Reventón. The Roadster’s top speed is . The Roadster’s 0- time is 3.45 seconds, which is the same as the standard Reventón.

References
The Church of Ireland () is the Anglican church in Ireland. It is an independent member of the Anglican communion. During the kingdom of Ireland it was the state religion. It continued to be during the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, when it became part of the Church of England. It was disestablished and separated from the Church of England in 1871 by the British Parliament.

The seat of the Church of Ireland is at Saint Patrick's Cathedral in Armagh. Today the Church has roughly 390,000 members throughout Ireland, which makes it the second largest religious community in Ireland (after the Catholic Church) and the third largest in Northern Ireland (after the Catholic Church and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland).

References

Anglicanism
Organizations based in Ireland
Michael Francis O'Dwyer, KCIE, (April 1864 – 13 March 1940) was a British colonial administrator. He was an Irish Roman Catholic. He was Lieutenant Governor of Punjab during the Amritsar Massacre committed by General Dyer and was controversial for his defense of Dyer.

Colonial officials of British India
Punjab
1864 births
1940 deaths
Pope Benedict may mean:
Pope Benedict I (575–579)
Pope Benedict II (684–685)
Pope Benedict III (855–858)
Pope Benedict IV (900–903)
Pope Benedict V (964)
Pope Benedict VI (972–974)
Pope Benedict VII (974–983)
Pope Benedict VIII (1012–1024)
Pope Benedict IX (1032–1044, 1045–1046 & 1047–1048)
Antipope Benedict X
Pope Benedict XI (1303–1304)
Pope Benedict XII (1334–1342)
Pope Benedict XIII (1724–1730)
Antipope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIV (1740–1758)
Antipope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XV (1914–1922)
Pope Benedict XVI (2005–2013)

Benedict
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is a treaty of the United Nations for the rights of all migrant workers. It also protects their families. It was adopted in 18 December 1990. It went into force in 2003.

This Convention is made as a series of the international human rights law and at the "Preamble" of the Convention, they recall the conventions of the International Labour Organization about migrant workers and unfree labour. The aid of the Convention is to protect the rights of migrant workers who have not the nationality of the staying country, thus who can often be under the worse working condition or even the victims of human trafficking.