Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Early life/career
Cynthia Kadohata was born on July 02, 1956 in Chicago, Illinois. Her family moved often to places including Illinois, Michigan, Georgia, Arkansas, and California, and this traveling and the ability to see many new places gave her inspiration for many of her books, especially The Floating World. In fact, in many parts Cynthia Kadohata’s actual life inspire and encourage her to write. 
Later in life, Cynthia adopted her son, Sammy. She was previously married but divorced in 2000.

Written works

Novels
 The Floating World, Viking (New York, NY), 1989.
 In the Heart of the Valley of Love, Viking (New York, NY), 1992.
Young-adult novels
 Kira-Kira, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2004.
 Weedflower, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2006.
 Cracker! The Best Dog in Vietnam, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2007.
 Outside Beauty, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2008.
 A Million Shades of Gray, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2009.
 The Thing About Luck, illustrated by Julia Kuo, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2013.
 Half a World Away, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2014.
 Checked, Atheneum Books for Young Readers (New York, NY), 2018.

References

 “Cynthia Kadohata.” Contemporary Authors Online. Gale, 2014. Biography in Context. 23 March 2015. 
 "Cynthia Kadohata." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. 23 March 2015. 
 Carlson, Ann D. "Kadohata, Cynthia." World Book Student. World Book, 2015. 23 Mar 2015.

Writers from Illinois
Louise Erdrich is an American author. She was born on June 7, 1954, in Minnesota. Erdrich lived in North Dakota as a child. Her mother is Chippewa. She has a German-American father. Louise incorporates Native American themes in her books. Major characters represent both sides of her heritage and background. She was married to Michael Anthony Dorris, who was a writer and professor of Native American studies at Dartmouth.

Accomplishments and Awards

Erdrich was named a  most beautiful person in People magazine. She was a finalist for the National Book Award for fiction in 2001 for her book The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse. She received the award in 2012 for The Round House. She has written novels, short stories, poetry, and children's books. Some of these works are Love Medicine, Tracks, and The Plague of Doves. From 1972 to 1976, she attended Dartmouth College. She received the Academy of Poets Prize in 1975. She also received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1976.

Sources
Sources

 "Louise Erdrich." Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

Writers from Minnesota
1954 births
Living people
O. Henry Award winners
Early life
Jenkins has always dreamed of being an author. She once said, "Growing up, I spent large parts of my life in imaginary worlds: Neverland, Oz, and Narnia, in particular.” She loved reading and when she was eight, she began to develop her own work. After she wrote her own books, Jenkins became interested in writing full-length novel imitations of Pippi Long Stocking and The Wolves of Willoughby Chase. She got inspiration for her later books like Five Creatures from her own life. She said, "I wanted to convey the sense of family I had with my pets." Jenkins has a husband, a daughter, and two cats. They all have different skills and preferences, but she used a Venn diagram to overlap their interests.

Jenkins continues to love spending her time living in her imaginary worlds, which she created within her books. She is an admired figure for many young writers and encourages them to pursue their dreams just as she did.

Books
Books

 The Secret Life of Billie’s Uncle Myron
 Five Creatures
 Daffodil
 My Favorite Thing
 That New Animal
 Love You When You Whine
 What Happens on Wednesdays
 Skunkdog
 The Little BIt Scary People
 Sugar Would Not Eat It
 Hug, Hug, Hug!
 Num, Num, Num!
 Plonk, Plonk, Plonk!
 The Boyfriend List
 The Boy Book
 The Treasure Map of Boys
 Real Life Boyfriends
 Fly on the Wall: How One Girl Saw Everything
 Dramarama
 The Disreputable History of Frankie Landau-Banks
 How To be Bad
 We Were Liars
 Tongue First: Adventures in Physical Culture 
 Mister Posterior and the Genius Child
 Toy Dance Party: Being the Further Adventures of a Bossyboots Stingray, a Courageous Buffalo, and a Hopeful Round Someone Called Plastic

References

"Jenkins, Emily." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2015. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

Writers from New York (state)
Jacqueline Kelly is an New Zealand-born American author of children's books.

Early life
Jacqueline Kelly was born in New Zealand. She moved to Vancouver Island in Canada at a young age. She moved again to El Paso, Texas where she went to high school and college in Galveston. She went on to get a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Texas. Before becoming a fictional author, she was a physician and a lawyer.

Awards
For The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate, she won the Newbery Honor Book designation, International Reading Association Award, Virginia Law Award, Daughters of the Republic of Texas, and Judy Lopez Memorial Award, National Women's Book Association, all 2009, and Josette Frank Award, and the Bank Street College of Education.

Writing
 Short story in the Mississippi Review (2001)
 The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate (2009)
 Return to the Willows (2012)
The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate
The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate is set in 1899 and features eleven year old Calpurnia Tate. The novel documents her struggle with Texas heat, science, embroidery and her family. She falls in love with science by spending time with her grandfather, who is a scientist, and The Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin. She thoroughly battles the expectations of respectable young ladies during the turn of the century.

Return to the Willows
Return to the Willows is written as a sequel to the Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame.

References

"Jacqueline Kelly." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
Kelly, Jacqueline. "Jacqueline Kelly." Jacqueline Kelly. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"The Wind in the Willows." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

New Zealand writers
Paula Danziger (August 18, 1944 – July 8, 2004) was an American author of children's and young adult literature.

Personal life
Danziger was born in Washington, D.C. to Samuel and Carolyn Danziger. Though she struggled in school as a child, she attended Montclair State University in New Jersey and earned a degree in 1967. She was a middle school teacher in New Jersey from 1967-1978 while studying for a Master's degree. Her studies were interrupted when she was in a car crash, where a drunk driver hit her car, and she slammed her head against the front window which caused her to have brain damage. In 1978 she left teaching to write full-time. 

Although readers loved her books because of the humor, some critics called them superficial and generic. Others praised her work for tackling real-life issues.

Danziger died in 2004 after complications from a heart attack. She was 59.

Awards
Some of the awards Danziger's work received:
California Young Reader Medal
Parents' Choice Award
Children’s Choice award
Publications
 The Cat Ate My Gymsuit. Delacorte, 1974.
 The Pistachio Prescription. Delacorte, 1978.
 Can You Sue Your Parents for Malpractice?. Delacorte, 1979.
 There's a Bat in Bunk Five. Delacorte, 1980.
 The Divorce Express. Delacorte, 1982.
 It's an Aardvark-Eat-Turtle World. Delacorte, 1985.
 This Place Has No Atmosphere. Delacorte, 1986.
 Remember Me to Harold Square. Delacorte, 1987.
 Everyone Else's Parents Said Yes. Delacorte, 1989.
 Make Like a Tree and Leave. Delacorte, 1990.
 Earth to Matthew. Delacorte, 1991.
 Not for a Billion Gazillion Dollars. Delacorte, 1992.
 Amber Brown is Not a Crayon, illustrated by Tony Ross. Putnam's, 1994.
 Thames Doesn't Rhyme with James. Putnam's, 1994.
 You Can't Eat Your Chicken Pox, Amber Brown, illustrated by Tony Ross. Putnam's, 1995.
 Amber Brown Goes Fourth, illustrated by Tony Ross. Putnam's Sons, 1995.
 Amber Brown Wants Extra Credit, illustrated by Tony Ross. Putnam's Sons, 1996.
 Forever Amber Brown, illustrated by Tony Ross. Putnam, 1996.
Amber Brown Sees Red, illustrated by Tony Ross. Putnam, 1997.
 With Ann M. Martin, P.S. Longer Letter Later. Scholastic, 1998.
 With Ann M. Martin, Snail Mail No More. 2000.
 Amber Brown is Feeling Blue, illustrated by Tony Ross. Putnam's, 1998.
 Contributed with other various authors to It's Super to Be Six and It's Terrific to be Ten, published by Scholastic.
References

"Paula Danziger." St. James Guide to Young Adult Writers. Gale, 1999. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
Cech, John. "Martin, Ann M." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web.  23 Mar. 2015. 
Danziger, Paula. "Paula Danziger Interview Transcript."  Scholastic Teachers. Scholastic, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

1944 births
2004 deaths
Writers from Washington, D.C.
American children's writers
Dorothy Gladys Smith (born in 1896), commonly known as Dodie Smith, was an English children’s book author and playwright. She is most famous for writing The 00 and 1 Dalmatians and I Capture the Castle, both adapted into famous films. Ms Smith had not intended to be a writer. Her first love was acting but, she once admitted, "I simply wasn't very good."
Early life
Smith was born on May 3, 1896 in Whitefield, UK.  When she was eighteen years old, her father died, so after that she and her mother lived with her family - her grandparents, three uncles and two aunts, in an old house with a garden leaning towards the Manchester Ship Canal. Both her mother and grandmother wrote and composed. Almost everyone in the household sang and played an instrument (including pianos, a violin, a mandolin, a guitar and a banjo) and one uncle, a nonprofessional but decent actor, was usually rehearsing, preferably with Smith there to give him cues. Although she had liked theater for a while before she could read, it was hearing of her uncle's parts which really sparked her passion for acting and writing plays, especially as the cues she gave to her uncle got longer and longer and, by the age of nine, Smith had written a forty-page play.
Even when her mother described her first play as dull and boring, she did not stop trying to succeed. Soon she became a young actress for many theaters after studying at the London’s Royal Academy of Art. During World War I, Smith went to France to help amuse the soldiers there and also appeared in a performance of John Galsworthy's Pigeon. In 1923, the actress left the theater to work as a buyer for Heal and Son, a furniture company where she remained for the next eight years, writing for the stage in cinema in her free time. Smith first gained recognition as a playwright, going by the name of C. L. Anthony until 1935. In 1931, Smith sold her play Autumn Crocus to one of her old stage directors. Although she had written a screenplay and a stage play before, Autumn Crocus proved to be the work that turned her career around. Call It a Day was the first play Smith wrote under her own name; also proving to be her most financially rewarding piece
. Her plays, generally simple comedies about middle-class life, received much praise, both popular and critical. "The ability to recreate detail, to capture the nuances of everyday conversation, to recognize humor in the trivialities of middle-class life marks the dramas of Dodie Smith," wrote Martha Hadsel. "Her critics sometimes found fault with what they considered her superficiality, but most admitted that her plays provided enjoyable entertainment." Hadsel claimed Smith to be "one of the few successful women dramatists in England and America during the first half of the twentieth century."
Works of Dodie Smith

Children’s books:

- The 00 and 1 Dalmatians, 1956.

- The Starlight Barking, 1968.

- The Midnight Kittens, 1978.

Plays: 

- Call It a Day, 1937.

- Bonnet over the Windmill, 1937.

- (And co-director) Dear Octopus, 1939.

- Autumn Crocus, Service, and Touch Wood, 1939.

- Lovers and Friends, 1944.

- Letter from Paris, 1954.

- I Capture the Castle, 1948.

- These People, Those Books, 1958.

- Amateur Means Lover, 1962.

Novels:

- I Capture the Castle, 1999.

- The New Moon with the Old, 1963.

- The Town in Bloom, 1965.

- It Ends with Revelations, 1967.

- A Tale of Two Families, 1970.

- The Girl from the Candle-lit Bath, 1978.

Autobiographies:

- Look Back with Love: A Manchester Childhood, 1974.

- Look Back with Mixed Feelings, 1978.

- Look Back with Astonishment, 1979.

- Look Back with Gratitude, 1985.

Screenplays: 

- (With Frank Partos) The Uninvited (adapted from the novel by Dorothy Macardle), Paramount, 1944.
- (With Lesser Samuels) Darling, How Could You! (adapted from Alice-Sit-by-the-Fire by James M. Barrie), Paramount, 1951.

- Also author of screenplay "Schoolgirl Rebels" (under pseudonym Charles Henry Percy), 1915.

References

"Dodie Smith." Almanac of Famous People. Gale, 2011. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"Dodie Smith." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 68. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"OBITUARY Dodie Smith Author's story featured in Walt Disney feature." Globe & Mail [Toronto, Canada] 28 Nov. 1990: D8. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

English writers
Joan Bauer is an American author. She was born on July 12, 1951 in River Forest, Illinois. She was the oldest of four sisters with a teacher for a mother and a salesman for a father. In her teen years, her grandmother got Alzheimer's disease.  Soon after this, her father committed suicide. Bauer said her teenage experiences influenced her stories. As a teen, Bauer was a waitress, an assistant, typing teacher, and a freelance writer. Bauer currently lives in Brooklyn, with her husband Evan Bauer, her daughter Jean, and dog Max. She’s working on another book, which is due to be published in early 2016.

Career
In her twenties, Bauer had a career in advertising sales. After ten years, Bauer realized she did not like being a saleswoman and decided to quit to become a journalist. Joan Bauer made her writing debut with the book, Squashed, which earned many positive reviews.
Books
Close To Famous
Tell Me
Almost Home
Peeled
Rules of the Road
Best Foot Forward
Stand Tall
Hope Was Here
Backwater
Sticks
Thwonk 
Squashed

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Writers from Illinois
Grace Lin is an American writer and children's illustrator. Her first book, The Ugly Vegetables, was published in 1999. She has written four novels: The Year of the Dog, The Year of the Rat, Where the Mountain Meets the Moon, and Starry River of the Sky. She also writes a series for early readers with twins named Ling and Ting, as well as other books for younger readers. She brings her sketchbook everywhere, and writes down ideas for her books. She wanted to grow up to be a figure skater. She changed her mind because she enjoyed drawing pictures of herself as an ice skater.
Early life and personal life
Lin was born on May 17, 1974. Her parents were  immigrants. She grew up in New York. She has one older sister named Lissy, and a younger sister named Ki-Ki. She married a man named Robert Mercer. He died from cancer in 2007. te a book called Robert’s Snow to raise money for cancer research. She now has a daughter who was born in 2012. In 2010, she married her second husband, Alex. Lin is a graduate of Rhode Island School of Design. She lives in Florence, Massachusetts.

Awards
Where the Mountain Meets the Moon received a 2010 John Newbery Honor. She also received an Honorable Mention from APAAL (Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature) in 2007 for Year of the Dog. She was nominated for the 2007-08 Texas Bluebonnet Award. Several of her books have been chosen for Al Roker’s Today Show Book Club.

References

 "Grace Lin: Fun Facts: Main" . N.p., n.d. Web. Accessed 23 Mar. 2015.

Writers from New York (state)
1974 births
Living people
Nasrin Oryakhil (born 1964) is a gynecologist and obstetrician from Afghanistan. She received a 2014 International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

In 2004, Oryakhil became the Director of the Malalai Maternity Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan. At that hospital, she started the first clinic for obstetric fistula repair in Afghanistan. She is the president of the NGO Afghan Family Health Association, and a member of the Afghan Women's Network. 

Oryakhil is also part of a group to create a Medical Council in Afghanistan. She supported the creation of the Afghan Midwives Association.

Oryakhil is a member of the Afghan Women’s Network.  She speaks to the Parliament and at professional medical conferences.  She is part of a working group to start a Medical Council in Afghanistan.

Awards 

In 2014, Oryakhil received an International Women of Courage Award.

Related pages
List of women scientists from Asia

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

1964 births
Living people
Afghan scientists
Obstetricians
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Gynecologists
First Graders () is a 1984 Iranian documentary feature movie. This movie was directed by Abbas Kiarostami.

References

Other websites

1984 movies
Iranian movies
Movies directed by Abbas Kiarostami
Where Is the Friend's Home? (, Khane-ye doust kodjast) is a 1987 Iranian movie. This movie directed and written by Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1987 movies
Iranian movies
Movies directed by Abbas Kiarostami
A thermophile is an organism – a type of extremophile – that thrives at relatively high temperatures. That means between about . Many thermophiles are archaea. Thermophilic eubacteria may have been among the earliest bacteria.

Thermophiles are found in various geothermally heated parts of the Earth's surface. Examples are hot springs like those in Yellowstone National Park and deep sea hydrothermal vents. Also decaying plant matter, such as peat bogs and compost, makes higher temperatures.

References 

Extremophiles
Protista
Thomas Grant Gustin (born January 14, 1990) is an American actor and singer. He is known for portraying the roles of Sebastian Smythe on Glee and Barry Allen/The Flash on The Flash.

He was born in Norfolk, Virginia to his mother Tina Haney, a pediatric nurse.  He attended the Governor's School for the Arts program in Norfolk for Musical Theatre. He has also been to Hurrah Players Incorporated and graduated from Granby High School. He would then go to the BFA Music Theatre Program at Elon University in North Carolina for two years.

From September 30, 2010 to September 23, 2011, Gustin played the role of Baby John in the Broadway Revival Tour of West Side Story.

Filmography

Movies
Kid Fitness Jungle Adventure Exercise Video - Club Fit kid (2003) (Direct-to-DVD)
A Mother's Nightmare - Chris Stewart (2012) (TV movie)
Affluenza - Todd Goodman (2014)
Krystal - Campbell Ogburn (2017)
Television
A Haunting - Stacey's boyfriend (2006)
Glee - Sebastian Smythe (2011–13)
CSI: Miami - Scott Ferris/Trent Burton (2012)
The Glee Project - Himself (2012)
90210 - Campbell Price (2013)
Arrow - Barry Allen/The Flash (2013–present)
The Flash - Barry Allen/The Flash (2014–2023)

Online
NASA's Kids Science News Network - Himself (2008)

Theatre
West Side Story - Baby John (2010–11)

References

Other websites

1990 births
Actors from Virginia
American child actors
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
American television actors
Living people
People from Norfolk, Virginia
John Wesley Shipp (born January 22, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for portraying the roles of Barry Allen on the CBS television show The Flash, Mitch Leery on Dawson's Creek, Kelly Nelson on Guiding Light, and Douglas Cummings on As the World Turns.

He won a Daytime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for As the World Turns in 1986. He also won a Daytime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Guest Performer in a Daytime Drama Series for Santa Barbara in 1987.

In 2014, it was announced that Shipp would be cast as Henry Allen, the father of Barry Allen in The CW's The Flash.

Filmography
Filmography

Movies
The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter - Bastian's Father (1990)
Soft Deceit - John Hobart (1994)
Second to Die - Jim Bratchett (2002)
Starcrossed - Father (2005) (short)
Karma Police - Barrington Freeman (2008)
Port City - George (2009)
Grotesque - Father Fahey (2009)
Separation Anxiety - Sr. Palmer (2010)
Hell and Mr. Fudge - Bennie Lee Fudge (2012)
Golden Shoes - The President of the United States (2015)
Sensory Perception - Lt. Thawne (2015)
The Sector - Stillwell (2015)
Television
The Dirtiest Show in Town (1980) (TV movie)
Guiding Light - Kelly Nelson (1981-84)
Fantasy Island - Todd Skylar (1983)
Summer Fantasy - Callahan (1984) (TV movie)
As the World Turns - Doug Cummings (1985-86)
Santa Barbara - Martin Ellis (1987)
One Life to Live - Blanchard Lovelace (1989)
The Flash - Barry Allen / The Flash / Pollux (1990-91)
Baby of the Bride - Dennis (1991) (TV movie)
Danger Team - Spec (1991) (TV movie) (voice)
All My Children - Carter Jones (1992)
Human Target - Garner St. John (1992)
NYPD Blue - Officer Roy Larson (1994)
Golden Gate - Kenny Scanlon (1994) (TV movie)
Green Dolphin Beat - Terry Lattner (1994) (TV movie)
Sisters - Lucky Williams (1994-95)
JAG - Gunnery Sergeant Granger (1995)
Deadly Web - Dr. Stanton (1996) (TV movie)
Strangers - Jack (1996)
Lost Treasure of Dos Santos - Jack (1997) (TV movie)
Soldier of Fortune, Inc. - Griffin (1997)
Dawson's Creek - Mitch Leery (1998-2001)
Road Rage - Jim Carson (1999) (TV movie)
The Outer Limits - Coach Peter Shotwell (2001)
JAG - Colonel Marcus Sutter (2004)
Palmetto Pointe - Michael Jones (2005)
CSI: NY - Patrick Quinn (2006)
Christie's Revenge - Uncle Ray Colton (2007) (TV movie)
The Closer - Chris Conroy (2007)
Batman: The Brave and the Bold - Professor Zoom (2010) (voice)
One Life to Live - Eddie Ford (2010-12)
Drop Dead Diva - Doug Bailey (2011)
Teen Wolf - Mr. Lahey (2012-13)
The Flash - Henry Allen (2014-present)
References

Other websites

1955 births
Actors from Virginia
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Living people
People from Norfolk, Virginia
Emmy Award winning actors
Fatimata Touré is a women's rights activist and the head of the Regional Forum on Reconciliation and Peace in Gao, Mali. She is also the head of Women’s Action, Research, Study and Training Group, which works against fistula.  In 2014, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

During the 2012 and 2013 fighting in Mali, a hospital in Gao was attacked. Touré helped the fistula patients find a new place to live, and find medical help. Touré also gave care and shelter to those forced into marriages or raped. She also spoke against violence against women. She made a record of what happened, even as her own home was attacked.

Awards 
2014 - International Women of Courage Award. 
In 2014, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Samantha Power, mentioned Touré in a speech in Mali.

References

Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
Malian people
The word Android may mean one of two things:

Android (robot), a robot that looks like a human
Android (operating system), an operating system made by Google
Android Market, replaced by Google Play
Information retrieval is a field of Computer science that looks at how non-trivial data can be obtained from a collection of information resources. Commonly, either a full-text search is done, or the metadata which describes the resources is searched. Depending on the content, there may also be other indices. Information retrieval is about finding existing information; it is different from knowledge discovery in databases which is about finding new relationships between different datasets, which were unknown. 

Techniques from information retrieval are commonly used in internet search engines, but also when looking for information on a subject in a library, or when searching complex content such as images in a database. This kind of content is usually described using metadata.
Problem description 
When looking for information, the following  problems are commonly encountered: 
 The database contains an insufficient amount of information about the content of the documents it contains. A search may yield an incorrect answer, or no answer at all. 
 The search is done with terms and keywords that are vague, so that the results returned do not exactly match the needs of the request. 
A system for information retrieval will attach a score to each document returned. This score reflects how well the document matches the query of the user. The documents with the best scores are shown to the user, who has the possibility to refine the query.

Different models 
There are different kinds of models that are used in information retrieval
First dimension: the mathematical model 
 Set-theoretic models represent documents as a set of words or features.
 Algebraic models use vectors, matrices and tuples.
 Probabilistic models treat the process of document retrieval as a  probabilistic inference. Similarities are computed as probabilities  that a document is relevant for a given query. Probabilistic theorems  like the Bayes' theorem are often used in these models.
 Feature-based retrieval models view documents as vectors of values of feature functions (or just features) and seek the best way to combine these features into a single relevance score, typically by learning to rank methods. Feature functions are arbitrary functions of document and  query, and as such can easily incorporate almost any other retrieval  model as just a yet another feature.
Second dimension: the properties of the model 
 Models without term-interdependencies treat different terms/words as independent. This fact is usually represented in vector space models by the orthogonality assumption of term vectors or in probabilistic models by an independency assumption for term variables.
 Models with immanent term interdependencies allow a representation of interdependencies between terms. However the degree of the interdependency between two terms is defined by the model itself. It is usually directly or indirectly derived (e.g. by dimensional reduction) from the co-occurrence of those terms in the whole set of documents.
 Models with transcendent term interdependencies allow a representation of interdependencies between terms, but they do not allege how the interdependency between two terms is defined. They rely an external source for the degree of interdependency between two terms. (For example a human or sophisticated algorithms.)
In addition, each model has parameters, which influence its performance. Some of the models make a number of assumption about the data; they were developed for a very special purpose. Using such a model for a different purpose may not yield good results.

Computer science
House Party is a 1990 American comedy movie. The movie is about a group of teenagers who attend a house party. Robin Harris plays Christopher, Kid's father. Martin Lawrence plays Bilal. Tisha Campbell plays Sydney.

House Party was released on March 9, 1990. It got positive reviews from critics.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1990 movies
1990s teen comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
Buddy movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
Oinikhol Bobonazarova is a Tajikistani human rights activist. In 2014 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Work 

In 1993, the Tajik government arrested Bobonazarova. They said Bobonazarova planned to take over the government by violence. Bobonazarova was in jail for a few months. Then she became a human rights counselor in the Tajik office of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. She also worked for the Tajik branch of the Open Society Foundation. In 2013, she became the head of the “Perspektiva Plus” human rights group. They work for the rights of prisoners, women, and Tajikistani labor migrants. She also worked to create Tajikistan's first independent prison monitoring program. In 2004, Tajik prisons closed to outsiders.
In 2013, Bobonazarova was the first woman to try to run for president in Tajikistan. Her campaign did not get enough signatures. She was the first Tajikistani woman to receive the International Women of Courage Award.

References

Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
The Pseudomonadales are an order of Proteobacteria. They are gram-negative. Some species can cause diseases, they are pathogen. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause sepsis. Azomonas and Azotobacter are able to fix nitrogen.

Systematics 
There are two families: The Moraxellaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. Some examples:

 Moraxellaceae
 Acinetobacter
 Alkanindiges 
 Enhydrobacter 
 Moraxella
 Perlucidibaca
 Psychrobacter

 Pseudomonadaceae 
 Azomonas 
 Azorhizophilus 
 Azotobacter 
 Cellvibrio 
 Mesophilobacter
 Pseudomonas
 Rhizobacter
 Rugamonas

References 

Gram-negative bacteria
William Douglas "Doug" Parker is the current Chairman and CEO of American Airlines, Inc.

Career 
Parker was born . In 1984 he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from Albion College.  In 1986 he received his MBA from Vanderbilt University. The same year he started with American Airlines in financial management. In 1991 he moved to Northwest Airlines as Vice President and Treasurer. He moved to America West Airlines in 1995 as their Chief financial officer. On September 1, 2001 he became CEO of America West. After the September 11 attacks in New York and Washington DC the airline business was in financial trouble. Parker lobbied Congress for a financial bailout to keep his airline out of bankruptcy. He was given a $380 million USD loan that saved his airline. In 2005 he became president of US Airways Inc., a subsidiary of US Airways Group Inc.

Parker has served on the board of Arizona Public Service. He also serves on the board of Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings.
Personal life 
Parker's wife Gwen is a former flight attendant. They have three children. In 2007, Doug Parker pleaded guilty to his third DUI and was sentenced to 1 day in jail.

References

Other websites 
 Doug Parker Corporate Biography  Pdf 
 W. Douglas Parker, Chief Executive Officer
 American Airlines CEO Doug Parker: ‘China Has Huge Potential’

1962 births
Living people
American chief executives
House Party 2 is a 1991 American comedy movie. This movie is about a pajama party. Queen Latifah plays Zora. Martin Lawrence plays Bilal. Tisha Campbell is also in the movie.

The movie got negative reviews from critics. It started at #1 at the box office.

References

Other websites
 
 

1991 comedy movies
1990s sequel movies
American comedy movies
American independent movies
Sophie Belinda Jonas (born née Turner; 21 February 1996) is a British actress. She plays Sansa Stark in Game of Thrones, She played Young Adeline March in The Thirteenth Tale. She also played Heather in the 2015 comedy movie Barely Lethal.

She was born in Northampton, England. In 2019, she married singer-songwriter Joe Jonas. They have two daughters together. On September 5, 2023, Jonas filed for divorce from Turner.

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Awards and nominations

Awards and nominations

References

English television actors
English movie actors
1996 births
Living people
Bird is a 1988 American biographical movie. It was both directed and produced by Clint Eastwood. Bird was released on September 30, 1988. The movie is about the life and music of jazz saxophonist Charlie "Bird" Parker.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 78% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie won an Academy Award for Best Sound, a Golden Globe Award for Best Director, and Forest Whitaker won Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival.

Cast 
Forest Whitaker as Charlie "Bird" Parker
Diane Venora as Chan Parker
Michael Zelniker as Red Rodney
Samuel E. Wright as Dizzy Gillespie
Keith David as Buster Franklin
Diane Salinger as Baroness Nica
Michael McGuire as Brewster
James Handy as Esteves
Damon Whitaker as Young Bird
Morgan Nagler as Kim
Arlen Dean Snyder as Dr Heath
Sam Robards as Moscowitz
Penelope Windust as Bellevue Nurse
Glenn Wright as Alcoholic Patient (credited as Glenn T. Wright)
George Orrison as Patient with Checkers
Bill Cobbs as Dr Caulfield

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1988 drama movies
1980s biographical movies
Academy Award winning movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about drugs
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
Mac is a 1992 drama movie. The movie is about three brothers who go into construction when their father dies. John Turturro plays Mac. Aida Turturro plays the wife. Ellen Barkin plays Oona Goldfarb. 

The movie was released in February 1993.

Other websites
 
 
 
1992 drama movies
American drama movies
American independent movies
On 18 March 2015, two gunmen dressed in military uniform attacked the Bardo National Museum in Tunis, Tunisia, taking hostages. 23 people, mostly tourists, were killed in the attack, while another 50 were injured. The two gunmen were also shot dead by police in the attack. 19 foreign tourists were killed in the attack, including including four Italians, two French national, one Russian national, one British national, two Colombians, five Japanese, three Polish nationals, one Australian, and one Spaniard were found to have been killed. Another two Tunisians, a police officer and a citizen, were murdered. The gunmen, Yassine Labidi and Saber Khachnaoui, were also Tunisians. Police called the event a terrorist attack. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant later claimed responsibility for the attack.

References

2015 mass shootings
2015 in Africa
2010s in Tunisia
Attacks on buildings and structures in Africa
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s
March 2015 events
Mass murder in 2015
2010s mass shootings in Africa
Massacres in Africa
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
Terrorist incidents in 2015
Tunis
The Bardo National Museum (; ) is a national museum in Tunis, Tunisia. In March 2015, the museum was the site of a terrorist attack that left over twenty people dead.

References

Other websites

 

National museums
Tunisia
Tunis
Buildings and structures in Africa
Establishments in Tunisia
19th-century establishments in Africa
1888 establishments
El color de la pasión (The Color of Passion) is a Mexican telenovela. It is produced by Televisa.

Cast

References

Other websites 
 Official website  

2014 Mexican television series debuts
Telenovelas by Televisa
2010s Mexican television series endings
Old Church Slavonic is the language of some Eastern Orthodox churches. It was the first Slavic language for writing literature. It was made by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 9th century.

References

Slavic languages
Languages of Europe
9th-century works
In mathematical logic, a sentence is independent from a first-order theory, if that theory cannot be used to prove the sentence as true or false. Sometimes, people also talk about the sentence being "undecidable", but this has nothing to do with the notion of decidability as in solving a decison problem.

Logic
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a decision problem is a question in some formal system with a yes-or-no answer. The answer is dependent on the values of the input parameters. Decision problems typically appear in mathematical questions of decidability, that is, the question of the existence of an effective method to determine the existence of some object or its membership in a set. Some of the most important problems in mathematics are undecidable.

Mathematical problems
Decision theory
Jeotgalicoccus marinus is a species of gram-positive bacteria. The cells are coccoid which means that look like a circle or sphere. They are facultative anaerobic bacteria: They can use oxygen when it is present. It is moderate halophilic.

Jeotgalicoccus marinus was isolated from a sea urchin  from the South China Sea.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Diabolus in Musica is the eighth studio album by American thrash metal band, Slayer. Diabolus in Musica was released on June 9, 1998 through American Recordings.

The album peaked at #31 on the Billboard 200.

It is considered to be Slayer's most experimental album with most of the album's content written by guitarist Jeff Hanneman. Hanneman described writing for the album as, "When we were writing this album I was looking for something to beat; I wanted something to beat, but nothing impresses me right now. Nothing sounded really aggressive or heavy enough to inspire me to beat it, so I just had to come up with my own shit."
Vocalist Tom Araya had concerns over the lyrics that guitarist Kerry King gave to the song "In the Name of God". King said; "It's like, 'C'mon, man, you're in Slayer. You're the antichrist — you said it yourself on the first album!' You can't draw the line like that. Whether he agrees with it or not, he didn't write it — I wrote it. So you have to say, 'Well, it's just a part of being in this band.' Now Jeff and I, we don't give a fuck. If Jeff wrote something I had a problem with, I would never even raise a fucking finger. I'd be like, 'Fuck yeah, let's do it! Gonna piss someone off? Alright!'"

Songs

Japanese edition 
The Australian edition of the album does not feature track #8

References

Other websites

1998 albums
Slayer albums
Señorita Pólvora, is a television series, produced by Teleset for Sony Pictures Television and Televisa, which will be broadcast in the Latin American by TNT. It is the story of a Beauty Queen, who gets involved in a hit, which lead to the premature death of her father.

Plot 
Señorita Pólvora follows Valentina, a young, beautiful and wealthy woman who falls for a hit man and thus discovers that the love of his life, and his own family, belong to one of the most powerful of Mexico drug cartels. The Chronicle of their explosive life and its gradual descent into the world of crime a journalist who tries to rescue the mortal Queen of beauty performs it.
Cast 
Camila Sodi as Valentina Cárdenas "Señorita Pólvora"
Iván Sánchez as Miguel Galindo
José María de Tavira as Vicente Martínez
Saúl Lisazo as Octavio Cárdenas
Eréndira Ibarra as Tatiana Hucke
Max Flores as Ricardo
Paulina Gaitán
Alejandro Durán as Morgan
Mara Cuevas as Ivonne Marín 
Aquiles Cervantes as Dr. Maldonado
Briggitte Beltran as  Laura Alzate
Lizzy Auna as  Karla
Vicky Araico as Julia Álvarez
José Sefami as Don Elías

References

Other websites 

Telenovelas by Televisa
2015 Mexican television series debuts
2015 Mexican television series endings
Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans is a gram-positive bacterium.
 The cells are coccoid. The diameter lies between 0,6 and 1,1 µm.
They are facultative anaerobic bacteria: They can use oxygen when it is present. It is moderate halophilic, it growth in the presence of 0–20% NaCl.

Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Saints Cyril and Methodius were brothers and 9th century Christian missionaries. They Christianized the Slavic peoples of the Danube. They influenced the culture and religion of all Slavic peoples. They received the title "Apostles to the Slavs".

Secular lives 
The brothers were both born in Thessalonica. Methodios was born  and died in 885. Cyril was born  and died (under his adopted name Constantine) in 869. Cyril was educated at the university at Constantinople under Photios I of Constantinople. He later taught there when he replaced Photios. Methodios became governor of the province of Opsikion at about the same time.
Missionaries 
In 861 the Byzantine Emperor Michael III sent the two brothers to convert the Khazars to Christianity. They continued their religious conversion of the Tatars along the Black Sea for two years. Afterwards the Emperor Michael sent them to Moravia as missionaries. They taught in the Slavic languages and translated the Scriptures into Slavonic. Cyril invented an alphabet called the Glagolitic alphabet. This became the basis for the Cyrillic alphabet. Old Church Slavonic was written in Cyrillic and Glagolitic.

References 

Christian saints
Slavic languages
Cyrillic script
People from Constantinople‎
810s births
820s births
860s deaths
880s deaths
Jeotgalicoccus aerolatus is a species of bacteria. It is Gram-positive and belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae. It requires oxygen (aerobic).

It was isolated from the air on a turkey farm.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Jeotgalicoccus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria. The cells are coccoid which means that they look like a circle or sphere. Most of  the species are facultatively anaerobic. They are halotolerant to halophilic.

Jeotgalicoccus is named after the Korean fish sauce jeotgal from whence these bacteria were first isolated.

Systematics 
The genus contains following species:
 Jeotgalicoccus aerolatus Martin et al. 2011
 Jeotgalicoccus coquinae Martin et al. 2011
 Jeotgalicoccus halophilus Liu et al. 2011
 Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans Yoon et al. 2003
 Jeotgalicoccus huakuii Guo et al. 2010
 Jeotgalicoccus marinus Chen et al. 2009
 Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis Liu et al. 2011
 Jeotgalicoccus pinnipedialis Hoyles et al. 2004
 Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus Yoon et al. 2003

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Roll film is the name for a number of formats for photographic film. Roll film is wound on a spool, as opposed to sheet film which comes in cartridges. The most common formats of roll film are the format 120, and the format 220, which are both used in medium format cameras. Even though the common 35 mm film is also wound on a spool, it is not called roll film.  

Photographic film formats
Sheet film is a format of photographic film which is supplied in sheets, rather than rolls. It is commonly used in medium and large format photography. 

Photographic film formats
Jeotgalicoccus coquinae is a species of gram-positive bacteria. The cells are coccoid. It belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus is a gram-positive bacterium.
The cells are coccoid. It is psychrophilic. It growth between 4 and 34 °C.

It belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis is a gram-positive bacterium. The cells of Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis are coccoid. Spores are not formed. Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Jeotgalicoccus halophilus is a species of bacteria.
 It belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae. It is gram-positive. The cells are coccoid. The species is halotolerant. It grows at NaCl content of 0.1 to 16%.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
Kalaupapa is an area on the Hawaiian island of Molokai. It is an area where people with the disease leprosy went so they would not infect any other people. Thousands of people from the United States alone were sent there.

References

Other websites

Census-designated places in Hawaii
County seats in Hawaii
Niloofar Rahmani (Persian:نیلوفر رحمانی born 1992) is the first female fixed-wing Air Force aviator in Afghanistan's history.  She is also the first female pilot in the Afghani military since the fall of the Taliban in 2001. Though her family received death threats, she persevered to complete her training.  

In 2015, Rahmani won the U.S. State Department's International Women of Courage Award.

Biography 

Rahmani was born in Afghanistan in 1992. Since she was a child, she had a dream of becoming a pilot and spent nearly a year studying English to be able to attend flight school. She enlisted in the Afghan Air Force Officer Training Program in 2010 and in July 2012 graduated as a Second Lieutenant.
Two female helicopter pilots during the Soviet era, along with her father, served as inspiration for Rahmani's achievement. Her first solo flight was in a Cessna 182. Wanting to fly larger aircraft, she went to advanced flight school and was soon flying the C-208 military cargo aircraft. Women are traditionally banned from transporting dead or wounded soldiers; however, Rahmani defied orders when she discovered injured soldiers upon landing in one mission. Flying them to a hospital, she reported her actions to her superiors, who imposed no sanctions.

When her achievements were publicized, Captain Rahmani's family received threats from both family members and the Taliban, who disapproved of her ambition and career choices. The family has had to move several times but Rahmani is resolute and aims to fly a larger C-130 plane and become a flight instructor to inspire other women.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

1992 births
Living people
Afghan military people
Aviators
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
"Dancing Machine" is a 1973 hit song by The Jackson 5. The song reached #2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It also hit #1 on the American R&B charts. The Jackson 5 got their second Grammy Award nomination for this song.

The song was released on February 19, 1974. It sold more than three million copies.

References

Pop songs
1974 songs
The Jackson 5 songs
BBMak were an English pop group. The group had three members. They had two hit singles between 1999 and 2003. The singles were "Back Here" and "Still on Your Side". The group were founded in 1999. They disbanded in 2003.

The group sold more than three million albums worldwide.

References

1999 establishments in the United Kingdom
2003 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
English pop music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 2003
Musical groups established in 1999
Musical groups from Liverpool
Turner Network Television (TNT) (stylized as TNT Drama) is an American cable and satellite television network. It is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of WarnerMedia. The channel's programming consists of television series and feature movies. It broadcasts mostly dramatic programming, along with some professional sports events. The sports events include NBA basketball games and PGA golf.

As of February 2015, TNT was available to about 95.3 million households (81.9% of households with at least one television set) in the United States.

, TNT was received by approximately 89.573 million households that subscribe to a subscription television service throughout the United States.

References

Other websites
 

American television networks
1988 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Atlanta
Camila Sodi (born Camila Ía González Sodi on 14 May 1986 in Mexico City, Mexico), is a Mexican singer, actress and model. She is the niece of actress and singer Thalía.

Filmography

Movies

Television

References

Other websites 
 

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Mexico City
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican models
Singers from Mexico City
Saúl Lisazo (born June 1, 1956 in Los Toldos, province of Buenos Aires in Argentina) is an Argentine actor and ex-footballer.

Filmography

Movies

Television

Other websites 

1956 births
Living people
Argentine movie actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine footballers
"No Diggity" is a 1996 new jack swing and rhythm and blues song by Blackstreet. The song reached #1 in the United States and in New Zealand.

The song contains rap verses inside it. The rap verses were performed by Teddy Riley and Dr. Dre.

References

1996 songs
R&B songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles