Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Frank Edwards (September 16, 1950 – January 28, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was the Mayor of Springfield, Illinois from December 2010 through April 2011. He was appointed by the Springfield City Council on December 28, 2010, after the death of Mayor Tim Davlin. 

Edwards was killed in an airplane crash in Sangamon County, Illinois on January 28, 2020 at the age of 69.

References

Other websites
Office of the Mayor. Official Springfield, Illinois municipal government website. Access January 5, 2010
OurCampaigns profile, from 2010 Illinois Gubernatorial run. Accessed January 5, 2010.
Springfield Welding and Autobody. Accessed January 5, 2010.

1950 births
2020 deaths
Aviation deaths in the United States
American mayors
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Timothy J. Davlin (August 27, 1957 – December 14, 2010) was an American Democratic politician. He was the mayor of Springfield, Illinois from April 2003 until his death in December 2010. He was born in Springfield. At the time of his death, he was being investigated for fraud and corruption during his time as mayor.

Davlin died by shooting himself in the chest at his home in Springfield on December 14, 2010. He was 53.

References

Other websites
 Timothy Davlin biography at the City of Springfield official website

1957 births
2010 deaths
Suicides by firearm in the United States
American mayors
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
George Irving Shirley (born April 18, 1934) is an American operatic tenor. He was the first African-American tenor to perform a leading role at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Shirley was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and raised in Detroit, Michigan.

References

1934 births
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Singers from Indianapolis
Singers from Detroit
Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (April 7, 1938 – December 29, 2008) was an American jazz trumpeter. He was known for playing in the bebop, hard bop, and post-bop beginning in the early 1960s onwards.

References

1938 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American jazz musicians
American composers
American bandleaders
Writers from Indianapolis
Musicians from Indianapolis
John Leslie "Wes" Montgomery (March 6, 1923 – June 15, 1968) was an American jazz guitarist. He was of the most important guitarists of the 20th century.

Montgomery died of a heart attack on June 15, 1968, while at home in Indianapolis.

References

1923 births
1968 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American jazz musicians
American guitarists
Musicians from Indianapolis
David Alexander Wolf (born August 23, 1956) is an American astronaut, medical doctor and electrical engineer. 

Wolf has been to space four times. Three of his spaceflights were short-duration Space Shuttle missions. In total Wolf has logged more than 4,040 hours in space. He is also a veteran of 7 spacewalks totaling 41hrs 17min in both Russian and American spacesuits.

References

1956 births
American astronauts
American physicians
Engineers from Indiana
Living people
Scientists from Indianapolis
Dickson City is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania,  north of Scranton. The population was 6,070 at the 2010 census.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Narciso Elvira (born Narciso Chicho Delgado) Elvira; 29 October 1967 – 28 January 2020) was a Mexican Major League Baseball pitcher. Elvira was purchased by the Milwaukee Brewers from the Mexican League in 1986. He played with the team at the Major League level in 1990. He was born in Tlalixcoyan, Veracruz, México.

Elvira was killed after being shot in Veracruz, Mexico on 28 January 2020 at the age of 52.

References

1967 births
2020 deaths
Murders by firearm
Milwaukee Brewers players
Mexican sportspeople
Katie Louise McGlynn (born 16 July 1993 in Rochdale, Greater Manchester) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles as troubled pupil Jodie "Scout" Allen in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road from 2011 to 2013 and Sinead Tinker in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2013 to 2020. Between 2021 and 2022, she has appeared as Becky Quentin in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks.

Other websites

1993 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
People from Rochdale
Actors from Greater Manchester
Other Ocean Interactive is a video game developer from Emeryville, California. The company has worked with Mojang AB since 2017.

The company started in California in 2006. It has made eight video games itself, and it has made 40 other video games.
Games 
Other Ocean Interactive have made these video games itself:
 Giant Cop: Justice Above All (PC) (2016)
 #IDARB (Xbox One) (2015)
 Puffins: Let's Race! (Nintendo DS) (2010)
 Puffins: Let's Fish! (Nintendo DS) (2010)
 Puffins: Let's Roll! (Nintendo DS) (2010)
 Castlevania: Symphony of the Night (Xbox 360) (2007)
They have also worked on these video games:
 Yu-Gi-Oh! Legacy of the Duelist (PC, Xbox One, PlayStation 4) (2015)
 Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Generationen (iPad, iPhone, Android) (2014)
 Yu-Gi-Oh! Millennium Duels (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3) (2014)
 NBA Rush (iPhone, iPad) (2014)
 Gunstringer: Dead Man Running (PC) (2013)
 Poptropica Adventures (Nintendo DS) (2012)
 The Amazing Spider-Man (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, Nintendo DS, PC, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U) (2012)
 Minecraft: New Nintendo 3DS Edition (Nintendo 3DS) (2017)

References

Other websites 
 Other Ocean Interactive

Companies based in California
2006 establishments in the United States
Landaff is a district in Wales. It is the birthplace of British writer Roald Dahl.

Districts
Geography of Wales
Tofig Gasimov Masim oglu (; 10 April 1938 – 29 January 2020) was an Azerbaijani politician and diplomat. He was born in Leki village of Agdash Rayon, Azerbaijan. He worked under the Abulfaz Elchibey administration as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan from 4 July 1992 through 26 June 1993.

Gasimov died on 29 January 2020 in Lucerne, Switzerland at the age of 81.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
Diplomats
Azerbaijani Popular Front Party politicians
Ellie Louise Leach (born 15 March 2001) is an English actress, who has played Faye Windass on the ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2011 onwards.

Early and personal life
Leach was born in Bury, Greater Manchester and she has a younger sister called Daisy. Leach went to Fairfield High School for Girls and currently studies performing arts at a further education college. Leach is the cousin of Brooke Vincent, who played Sophie Webster in Coronation Street.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

2001 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Abulfaz Elchibey, ( / Әбүлфәз Елчибәј; 24 June 1938 – 22 August 2000) was an Azerbaijani politician. He became leader of the Azerbaijani Popular Front in 1990. Elchibey was the second President of Azerbaijan, from 16 June 1992 until a coup d'état took him out of office in June 1993.

References

1938 births
2000 deaths
Presidents of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Popular Front Party politicians
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in Turkey
Azerbaijani historians
Azerbaijani writers
Azerbaijani nationalists
Burials at Alley of Honor
Soviet politicians
Lisa George (born 15 October 1970) is an English actress, known for her role as Beth Tinker in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2011–present). In 2020, George competed in the twelfth series of Dancing on Ice.

Other websites
 

1970 births
Living people
English television actors
Actors from Lincolnshire
Marj Dusay (; born Marjorie Ellen Pivonka Mahoney; February 20, 1936 – January 28, 2020) was an American actress. She was known for her roles on soap operas such as Alexandra Spaulding on Guiding Light. She also played the wife of Douglas MacArthur in the 1977 movie MacArthur and Monica Warner in The Facts of Life. Dusay was born in Russell, Kansas.

Dusay died on January 28, 2020 at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
 
 

1936 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Kansas
Joe Duttine sometimes credited as Jo Duttine (born 30 June 1970), is an English film, theatre and television actor. He is known for playing Tim Metcalfe in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2013 onwards. He is also known for his role as Cameron Donnelly in the Channel 4 comedy-drama Shameless.

He was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, West Riding of Yorkshire in the United Kingdom.

Other websites

1970 births
Living people
English television actors
Actors from West Yorkshire
Daniel Peter O'Herlihy (May 1, 1919 – February 17, 2005) was an Irish-American actor. He was known for such roles as Brigadier General Warren A. "Blackie" Black in Fail Safe, Conal Cochran in Halloween III: Season of the Witch, "The Old Man" in RoboCop and RoboCop 2, and Andrew Packard in Twin Peaks. 

He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1954 movie Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.

References

1919 births
2005 deaths
American stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio actors
Actors from Dublin
Disease-related deaths in California
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish radio actors
Irish stage actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Actors from California
Sair Khan (born 11 February 1988) is a British actress, born in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. She is best known for playing the role of Alya Nazir in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2014 onwards. In 2018, she appeared as a contestant on the ITV reality TV show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.

Other websites

1988 births
Living people
English television actors
Actors from Leeds
Shelley King (born 25 September 1955) is a British-Indian actress, known for her roles as Jay Harper on the BBC One drama series Angels from 1978 to 1980 and Yasmeen Nazir on the ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2014 onwards.

References

Other websites 
 

1955 births
Living people
English television actors
English stage actors
Indian television actors
Lesbians
English LGBT people
LGBT actors
Actors from Kolkata
Adam Robitel (born May 28, 1978) is an American filmmaker and actor.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 Adam Robitel on IMDb

American movie actors
American movie directors
American screenwriters
1978 births
Living people
Ida Siekmann (23 August 1902 – 22 August 1961) was a German nurse who became the first known person to die at the Berlin Wall, only nine days after they started building it.

1902 births
1961 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Qasim Akhtar (born 8 June 1991) is an English actor, known for playing Chesney Karib in the hit Channel 4 comedy-drama Shameless (2007–2013), and Zeedan Nazir in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2014–2018, 2021–present).

He is from Burnage, Manchester, in North West England.

Other websites

 

1991 births
Living people
English television actors
Actors from Manchester
Daniel Brocklebank (born 21 December 1979) is an English actor. He is best known for playing vicar Billy Mayhew in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2014 onwards. He received a Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance in the multi-award-winning movie Shakespeare in Love.

He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England.

Other websites 
 

1979 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English radio actors
LGBT actors
People from Warwickshire
Melanie Jane Hill (born 11 January 1962) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Aveline Boswell in the BBC sitcom Bread (1986–1991), Rita Dolan in the BBC drama series Playing the Field (1998–2002), Maggie Budgen in the BBC school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2012–2015), and Cathy Matthews in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2015–2022).

Hill also portrayed Hazel Redfearn in the ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen Pet (1986), Avril Kent in ITV's Emmerdale (2005), and Julie Travers in the BBC drama series The Syndicate (2015).

Personal life
Born to Anthony and Sylvia (née Pratt) Hill in Brighton, Hill was raised in her mother's native city of Sunderland.

Other websites
 

1962 births
Living people
English television actors
English movie actors
People from Sunderland
The Brittas Empire is a British sitcom created by Andrew Norriss and Richard Fegen.

Chris Barrie plays Gordon Brittas. He is the well-meaning but incompetent manager of Whitbury New Town Leisure Centre.

The show ran for seven series and 52 episodes — including two Christmas specials — from 1991 to 1997 on BBC1. Norriss and Fegen wrote the first five series.

The Brittas Empire had large audiences. In 2004 the show came 47th on the BBC's Britain's Best Sitcom poll.

The show combined farce with surreal dramatic elements. For example, in the first series, the leisure centre prepares for a royal visit, only for the doors to seal, the boiler room to flood and a visitor to be electrocuted. Unlike the traditional sitcom, deaths were quite common in The Brittas Empire.
Plot summary
Gordon Brittas (played by Chris Barrie) is the well-meaning but incompetent manager of Whitbury New Town Leisure Centre. He trained at the fictional Aldershot Leisure Centre. He is tactless, annoying and has 'half-baked' ideas. He is oblivious to all of his faults. Brittas frequently upsets his staff, the public, and his wife Helen. He often brings confusion and chaos into their lives.

Helen Brittas, played by Pippa Haywood, finds it hard to cope with Gordon. She often turns to pills and affairs with other men to maintain her sanity. She is also helped by Brittas's calm and efficient deputy, Laura Lancing, played  by Julia St John. Laura has a grudging admiration for Brittas whom she regards as honest and decent.
Brittas's other deputy, the dim-witted Colin Weatherby, is played by Mike Burns. Colin has several skin allergies and a constantly infected hand. Though he is an assistant manager, he works as the centre's caretaker. Carole, played by Harriet Thorpe, is the often tearful receptionist who keeps her three children in the drawers of the reception desk. Amongst other members of the team is Julie, played by Judy Flynn. Julie is a sarcastic secretary who hates her boss and refuses to do any work. Lively Linda, played by Jill Greenacre, gentle-hearted Gavin, played by Tim Marriott, and his paranoid partner Tim, played by Russell Porter, are more co-operative members of the team. Carole's son Ben was played by Jonathon Norriss.

Episodes
Episodes

The Brittas Empire was broadcast for fifty-two episodes between 1991 and 1997, spanning seven series and two Christmas Specials. There was also one short episode for Children in Need. The cast also performed in the 1996 Royal Variety Performance. Chris Barrie played Brittas again in the short fitness series spin-off called Get Fit with Brittas.

For the first five series the show's creators Richard Fegen and Andrew Norriss co-wrote the show, after which they left, along with actress Julia St John who played Laura. Series five was originally meant to be the final series, and Norriss and Fegen killed off Brittas at its end, when he was crushed to death by a falling water tank.

However, the show's popularity meant the BBC resurrected Brittas and brought on a team of new writers, who carried the show on for a further two series, including one further Christmas special in 1996. These writers were: Paul Smith, Terry Kyan, Tony Millan, Mike Walling, Ian Davidson and Peter Vincent.
'Curse of the Tiger Women' is the final episode in 1997. This ending claims all seven series were part of a dream that Brittas is having on his way to the job interview for manager of the leisure centre. It is an ending that is regarded as poor by many critics and viewers, and contradicts the 1994 Christmas Special by Fegen and Norriss, showing what happens to the staff post-Whitbury Leisure Centre.

In 2014, Chris Barrie reprised his role as Gordon Brittas for a brief appearance in the Sport Relief music video, 'Word Up!' by Little Mix.

DVD and VHS releases
All seven series were released on DVD in the United Kingdom by Eureka Video, and also in Australia by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The BBC released episodes on VHS in the 1990s.
The VHS title: The Brittas Empire - Laying the Foundations VHS was released; it features: 'Laying the Foundations' (Series 1: Episode 1), 'Back from the dead' (Series 2: Episode 1), 'Set in Concrete' (Series 2: Episode 4), 'An Inspector Calls' (Series 2: Episode 3) and 'The Trial' (Series 3: Episode 1).
Then on 7 August 1995, Brittas Empire - The Stuff of Dreams was released and features the episodes: 'The Christening' (Series 4: Episode 2), 'The Stuff of Dreams' (Series 3: Episode 6) and 'Not a Good Day' (Series 4: Episode 1).
From 2003, Eureka Video began bringing the entire series to DVD, in single series box sets. The Brittas Empire - Complete Series One was released on 21 July 2003, followed by series two on 20 October 2003, and then series three was released on 29 January 2004. Series four was released in the same year on 29 July, and the final series by Norriss and Fegen, series five, was released on 4 October 2004.
The Brittas Empire, Complete Series Six was released on 21 February 2005, and the final series along with the 1996 Christmas Special, was released on 23 May 2005.
The Brittas Empire, Complete Series One-Seven, a set comprising the entire series, was released on 8 October 2007, but is now out of print.
DVD release dates

Critical response
Critics John Lewis and Penny Stempel commented that: 
In its positioning of an incompetent in charge of others, The Brittas Empire mined the traditional vein of TV humour (e.g., Dad's Army or Are You Being Served?). Yet it also had an element of absurdism....which gave it an appeal to younger viewers. At a stretch the show could also be viewed as a critique of the managerial class which expanded in the Thatcherite eighties. A show for all the couch.

Influence
The show has been credited with having an influence on Alan Partridge and The Office.

Setting
The exterior shots and interior swimming pools of 'Whitbury New Town Leisure Centre' were filmed at Ringwood Leisure Centre, Hampshire.

References

Other websites

1991 British television series debuts
1997 television series endings
1990s British sitcoms
BBC television sitcoms
Black comedy television series
English-language television programs
Teen Titans Go! is an American television show. It airs on Cartoon Network. It first aired on April 23, 2013. It is currently airing its 8th season. It is a spin-off of the original Teen Titans series.

The production companies of the series are DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation, with the animation outsourced to first and second seasons of United States at Digital eMation, AKOM and Rough Draft Korea in traditionaly animation and the third season onwards of Canada at Copernicus Studios and Bardel Entertainment in flash animation. 4 movies based on the show were released in 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022.

Plot
Superhero roommates Robin, Cyborg, Starfire, Raven and Beast Boy love saving the day, but what happens when they're done fighting crime?

References 

2013 American television series debuts
Cartoon Network series
Parody television shows
This is a list of episodes of the British situation comedy The Brittas Empire. Each episode has a brief story and the date it was first shown.

The show was first shown on BBC1, between 1991 and 1997 .  

Seven series and 52 episodes were created, including two Christmas specials. There was also one Children In Need short sketch.

Episode list

Series 1 (1991)

Series 2 (1992)

Series 3 (1993)

Series 4 (1994)

Series 5 (1994)

Christmas Special (1994)

Series 6 (1996)

Christmas Special (1996)

Series 7 (1997)

Notes

References

Other websites
IMDb - The Brittas Empire - Episodes
BBC - The Brittas Empire - Episodes

Lists of comedy television series episodes
Collectivism is a kind of ethics based on people being a group. Its opposite is individualism which is based on people being individuals. Collectivists focus on what's good for a whole group. Individualists focus on what's good for each person. Collectivism and individualism are  and are also part of politics.

The word "individualism" was originally used by socialists to attack their enemies. They said that individualists were selfish for not supporting socialism. Instead, individualists support people being independent and chasing their own goals. They also believe in having lots of freedoms.
Collectivists believe that one person is not as important as a group of many people. They often believe people should compromise to make things better for each other instead of just themselves. They also think that letting someone do whatever they want is not good if it hurts lots of other people. Collectivism has many different types. It can mean serving your community, your government, your social class, your race, or some other group.

Research
In 1930, Max Weber compared collectivism and individualism in religion. He thought that Protestants were more individualistic and independent, but Catholics were more focused on hierarchy and community.
 The German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies described an early model of collectivism and individualism using the terms Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society). Gemeinschaft relationships, in which communalism is prioritized, were thought to be characteristic of small, rural village communities. An anthropologist, Redfield (1941) echoed this notion in work contrasting folk society with urban society.
Hofstede (1980) was highly influential in ushering in an era of cross-cultural research making comparisons along the dimension of collectivism versus individualism. Hofstede conceptualized collectivism and individualism as part of a single continuum, with each cultural construct representing an opposite pole. The author characterized individuals that endorsed a high degree of collectivism as being embedded in their social contexts and prioritizing communal goals over individual goals.
References 

Ethics
Political philosophy
Philosophical movements and positions
Communism
Fascism
Nationalism
Socialism
Walt Martin (April 8, 1945 – July 24, 2014) was an American production sound mixer. He was nominated for Academy Awards in the category Best Sound Mixing for the 2006 movie Flags of Our Fathers and the 2014 movie American Sniper. He worked on more than 70 movies. 

He died of vasculitis on July 24, 2014 in Burbank, California, aged 69.

References

Other websites
 

1945 births
2014 deaths
Engineers from California
Deaths from vasculitis
People from Burbank, California
The 2020 Elazığ earthquake happened at 20:55 local time (17:55 UTC) on 24 January in Turkey. The magnitude of the earthquake was said to be 6.7 . 

The earthquake's epicentre was close to the town of Sivrice in Elazığ province and felt in the neighbouring provinces of Diyarbakır, Malatya and Adıyaman, and the neighbouring countries of Armenia, Syria and Iran. 

A total of 41 people were killed and more than 1,600 were injured.

References

2020s earthquakes in Asia
January 2020 events
2020 in Turkey
2020 earthquakes
2020s disasters in Turkey
Earthquakes in Turkey
2020 disasters in Europe
Małgorzata Maria Kidawa-Błońska, née Grabska (born 5 May 1957) is a Polish politician, movie producer and sociologist. She was Marshal of the Sejm from 25 June 2015 to 11 November 2015. She also was the Government Spokeswomen for the Second Cabinet of Donald Tusk in 2014 and in 2015 for the Cabinet of Ewa Kopacz. 

From 2012 to 2015, she was the Secretary of State in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister from 2012 to 2015. She is now the Deputy Marshal of the Sejm under Sejm Marshal Elżbieta Witek. 

She was the 2020 Civic Platform candidate for President of Poland. She dropped out on May 15th, 2020 and was replaced by Warsaw Mayor Rafał Trzaskowski

References

1957 births
Living people
Polish sociologists
Movie producers
Marshals of the Sejm
Politicians from Warsaw
Elżbieta Barbara Witek (née Zbanuch; born December 17, 1957) is a Polish politician. She was the Minister of the Interior and Administration, in office from June 2019 to August 2019, 

She is the Marshal of the Sejm since 9 August 2010. She was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005.

References

Other websites
Elżbieta Witek - parliamentary page - includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.

1957 births
Living people
Marshals of the Sejm
Marshal of the Sejm also known as Sejm Marshal, Chairman of the Sejm or Speaker of the Sejm (, ) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament. 

In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ().

List of Marshals (after 1989)
Joseph Zych (, born 23 March 1938) is a Polish politician. He is a member of the Polish People's Party. He was Sejm Marshal from 1995 to 1997 (and many times as Senior Marshall).

As a Sejm Marshal, Zych administered the oath of office for the first term of President Aleksander Kwaśniewski in December 1995.

References

1938 births
Living people
Marshals of the Sejm
The parliament of Poland has an upper house (the Senate) and a lower house (the Sejm). Both houses are accommodated in the Sejm complex in Warsaw. The parliament itself is without an official name; the Constitution refers only to the Sejm and the Senate.

Members of both houses are elected by direct election, usually every four years. The Sejm has 460 members, while the Senate has 100 senators. To become law, a bill must first be approved by both houses.

References

Government of Poland
The Senate () is the upper house of the Polish parliament, the lower house being the 'Sejm'. The Senate is based in Warsaw. The Senate is made up of 100 senators elected by universal ballot and is headed by the Marshal of the Senate (Marszałek Senatu). 

The incumbent Marshal of the Senate is Tomasz Grodzki.

Other websites
 

Government of Poland
The Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland () is a leading officer of the Senate of Poland. He or she is also third person according to the Polish order of precedence, after President of the Republic of Poland and Sejm Marshal, and second in line to become Acting President of the Republic of Poland.

List of Marshals
Tomasz Paweł Grodzki (born 13 May 1958) is a Polish politician, doctor and surgeon. He has been the Marshal of the Senate since 12 November 2019.

References

1958 births
Living people
Marshals of the Senate of the Republic of Poland
People from Szczecin
Stanisław Karczewski (born 14 November 1955) is a Polish politician and surgeon. He has been a senator since 2005, as Deputy Marshal of the Senate between 2011 and 2015 and since 2019, and between 2015 and 2019 as Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland.

References

1955 births
Living people
Marshals of the Senate of the Republic of Poland
Stickney Township is one of 29 townships in Cook County, Illinois, USA.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 41,514.

References

Townships in Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Smoluća Gornja  is a village in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the municipality of Lukavac. It is about 
14 kilometers or 9 miles northwest of Tuzla.

History
In June 1992, during the Bosnian War, the Serbs living in nearby villages, (namely Podpeć, Tinja, Jasenica, Srebrenik, Gornji Lukavac) were forced to go to Smoluća Gornja by the Bosnian army. After that, Smoluća came under siege by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This meant that it had no water, food, electricity, or medicine. The Bosniak and Croat forces would not let the Red Cross in to the village. They did not let any food or medicine in, and they did not let sick and wounded people leave. During the siege, from June 18 to August 27, 1992, 50 Serbs were killed in the Smoluća area, and 149 in nearby villages. After the siege ended on August 29 1992, Smoluća was robbed and burned by Bosniak and Croat forces.
The Army of Republika Srpska ended the siege.

Population

References
References

War crimes
Settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abergavenny () is a market town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales. As of 2011, Avergavenny had a population of 12,515. The town is promoted as The Gateway to Wales.

Transport
Abergavenny railway station is a train station on the Welsh Marches line. Passengers at the station can board direct trains to places such as Hereford, Shrewsbury, Manchester, Chester, Wrexham, Holyhead, Cardiff, Swansea and Carmarthen.

Gallery

References

Towns in Monmouthshire
Market towns in Wales
Raymond Ian Burns (born 24 April 1954), better known by his stage name Captain Sensible, is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. He co-founded the punk rock band The Damned, first playing bass before switching to guitar. He is best known for a UK number one hit with his cover of "Happy Talk" in 1982. He often wears a red beret and sunglasses.

Burns was born in Balham, London. He is married and has four children.

References

Other websites

1954 births
Living people
British punk musicians
English rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from London
New wave singers
Richard Roland Hawley (born 13 August 1955 in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire) is a British actor, best known for his work in Grushko, Prime Suspect, Family Affairs and Love Actually. From 2015 to 2021, he appeared as Johnny Connor in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street.

Other websites

1955 births
Living people
English television actors
English movie actors
Actors from Bradford
is a Japanese light novel series. It was written by Kugane Maruyama and the picture in the series are drawn by so-bin. Sixteen volumes of this light novel have been published since July 30, 2012. The author has said that he has planned for 18 novels. There is a manga based on this light novel by Satoshi Ōshio. The art in the manga is by Hugin Miyama. It started from November 26, 2014 in Kadokawa Shoten's manga magazine Comp Ace.

There is an anime television series based on this light novel by Madhouse. It has 3 seasons with 13 episodes each. The first season aired from July 7 to September 29, 2015. The second season ran from January 9 to April 3, 2018 and the third season from July 10, 2018 to October 2, 2018. The scriptwriter for the anime series said that the fourth season of the series was "extremely likely" to be produced.

References

Other websites
  
  
 

Light novels
Faye Alicia Brookes (born 3 September 1987) is an English actress. She is known for portraying the role of Kate Connor in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street, a role he has playing since 2015 to 2019.

Brookes was born in Manchester, Greater Manchester, England.

1987 births
Living people
The Draize test is a test, to see if a substance is toxic. John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines first used the test in 1944. The test was first used for cosmetics, but later for other substances as well. To see if a substance is toxic, it is applied to the skin or the eye of an animal, for a given time. After the time, the substance is washed out and the effects are recorded. Very often, small animals, such as rabbits were used. After the test, the animals are observed for up to 14 days. If the test does irreversible damage to the skin or the eye, the animal is killed after the test.  Animals may be re-used for testing purposes if the product tested causes no permanent damage. Animals are typically reused after a "wash out" period during which all traces of the tested product are allowed to disperse from the test site.
The tests are controversial. They are seem as cruel and  unscientific  because of the differences between rabbit and human eyes, and the subjective nature of the visual evaluations. The FDA supports the test, stating that "to date, no single test, or battery of tests, has been accepted by the scientific community as a replacement [for] ... the Draize test". Because of its controversial nature, the use of the Draize test in the U.S. and Europe has declined in recent years and is sometimes modified so that anaesthetics are administered and lower doses of the test substances used. Chemicals already shown to have adverse effects in vitro are not currently used in a Draize test, thereby reducing the number and severity of tests that are carried out.

Other tests have been developed which can replace the Draize test for many applications: First there is a test that uses chicken eggs. Another test uses Spanish slugs.

References

Animal rights
The Hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane, or hen's egg test is a test that can be used to test the toxicity of substances. It is also often used to test vaccines. It is a CAM Assay. The product ot be tested is applied to a special membrane. Such tests were first used because chicken eggs were easily available. As the respective membrane does not contain any nerve cells, it is likely that the developing bird embryo does not feel pein during the test. These tests are not considered to be animal testing.

Animal rights
Toxicology
Social choice theory, which is also called theory of collective choice, is a theory that looks at how a group of people reach a decision. Usually this is done by combining and aggregating the opinion of each member of the group.  A classic problem of social choice theory is that of holding an election or a popular vote.

Related pages 
Arrow's impossibility theorem

Economic theories
Politics
Decision theory
The Year of the Three Emperors, or the Year of the Three Kaisers, () refers to the year 1888 during the German Empire in German history.  The year is important because two German Emperors, or Kaisers, died. This meant that there were three emperors in a year..  The three emperors who ruled Germany during this year were Wilhelm I, Frederick III and Wilhelm II. The mnemonic “drei Achten, drei Kaiser” (English: "three eights, three emperors") is still used today in Germany to remember which year it was.

References 

1888 in Europe
German emperors
House of Hohenzollern
Quasimodo is the hunchback in the novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame written by Victor Hugo. He was raised by Claude Frollo. Though the townspeople believe Quasimodo is a monster, he befriends Esmeralda.

Characters in written fiction
Fictional murderers
Movie characters
Bhavna Jayanty Limbachia (born 21 April 1984) is a British television actress, film, and comedian. She is mainly known for her roles as Alia Khan in Citzen Khan and Rana Habeeb in Coronation Street.

She is born in Preston, the city of Lancashire, England.

References

British actors
1984 births
Living people
People from Preston, Lancashire
Juila Goulding (born 27 March 1985) is an English actress. Since 2016, she has played Shona Ramsey on the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street.

She was born in Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom.

Other websites 
 

1985 births
Living people
English stage actors
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Nichola Thorp (born 30 September 1988/1989), also known as Nicola Sian, is an English actress. She is known for her portrayal of Nicola Rubinstein in long-running ITV soap opera, Coronation Street, from 2017 to 2019.

Thorp was born and raised in Blackpool, the town of Lancashire, England.

Other websites

1988 births
Living people
English television actors
People with borderline personality disorder
Actors from Blackpool
Coronation Street Omnibus is a British different television series produced by ITV2, and the prequel ITV soap opera Coronation Street.

Cast 
The Coronation Street Omnibus cast include William Roache, Sally Dynevor, Tina O'Brien, David Neilson, Helen Worth, Simon Gregson, Jack P. Shepherd, Mikey North, Barbara Knox, Sue Cleaver, Kym Marsh, Beverley Callard, Lucy Fallon, Chris Gascoyne, Jane Danson, Samia Ghadie, Jimmi Harkishin, Sue Nicholls, Kate Ford, Michael Le Vell, Antony Cotton, Sally Ann Matthews, Ben Price, Alan Halsall, Georgia Taylor, Elle Mulvaney, Melanie Hill, Colson Smith, Sam Robertson, and more.

Coronation Street
Louiza Patikas (born 1976 or 1977) is a British actress, known for her roles as Helen Titchener in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers and Moira Pollock on the ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2017 to 2021.

Other websites 
 

1970s births
Living people
British radio actors
British television actors
English journalists
Actors from Surrey
Birmingham Community Charter High School (formerly Birmingham High School) is a co-educational high school in the neighborhood/district of Lake Balboa in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. It was started in 1943 as a hospital. In 1943, it became a school for grades 7-12. It became a high school for only senior students in 1963. The school has a Van Nuys address and student are from Lake Balboa, parts of Encino, and Amestoy Estates. It is within the Los Angeles Unified School District operates as an internal charter school.

Other websites 
 Official website

1950s establishments in California
1953 establishments in the United States
Schools in California
Los Angeles County, California
High schools in the United States
The Wexford Rebellion was a rebellion of Irish people against English rule in Ireland. It was the most successful of several uprisings which happened in the year 1798. In the Wexford Rebellon, the Society of United Irishmen rose against English rule.  

It started in County Wexford, and lasted from m 27 May until about 21 June of that year. The Wexford Rebellion was very successful, even though the government did not see County Wexford  as an immediate thret. During the rebellon, there were spontaneous risings that occurred both before and after the significant rebel victories in Oulart, Enniscorthy, and Wexford town.
History of Ireland
Herbert Baumann (31 July 1925 – 21 January 2020) was a German composer and conductor. He was born in Berlin in 1925 studied at the Internationales Musikinstitut Berlin. He died in Munich in January 2020 at the age of 94.

References

Other websites 
 Profile at komponisten.net (in German)
 

1925 births
2020 deaths
20th-century German composers
German conductors
Musicians from Berlin
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
ANZUS is an active war alliance between the United States, Australia and New Zealand.

References 

Military alliances
Military of Australia
Military of the United States
New Zealand
Treaties of the United States
"All Hail to Massachusetts" is the anthem of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It was created by Arthur J. Marsh in 1824, and became the official anthem of Massachusetts in 1966.

References

Other websites
Midi, sheet music and lyrics
M.G.L. 2:19 

Massachusetts
United States state songs
Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (; also known as Miraculous Ladybug or Miraculous) is a computer animated Childrens superhero fiction series produced by studios Zagtoon and Method Animation. The studies collaborated with  with De Agostini Editore S.p.A. in Italy, Toei Animation in Japan, SAMG Animation in South Korea, DQ Entertainment and Assemblage Entertainment in India, and Globosat in Brazil. The series features two teenagers from Paris, Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste, who transform into the superheroes Ladybug and Cat Noir, respectively, to protect the city from supervillains and Hawkmoth.
Plot
Set in modern-day Paris, teenagers Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste transform into superheroes when evil arises. Marinette transforms into her superhero persona Ladybug, while Adrien transforms into his superhero persona Cat Noir, using magical jeweled objects known as the Miraculous who are inhabited by Kwamis. Not knowing each other's true identities, the two work together to protect Paris from the mysterious villain Hawk Moth, who covets and attempts to steal their powers by using his akuma, butterflies infused with negative energy, to transform Paris' everyday citizens into supervillains, through a negative emotion that they have recently felt or are feeling.
Hawk Moth continues his campaign in season three, aided by Mayura and her sentimonsters, creatures created from feathers, called Amoks. Marinette calls upon even more allies to become Miraculous heroes while her nemesis, Lila, allies herself with Gabriel, unaware of his identity as Hawk Moth. Two plot arcs include Nathalie's failing health from using a damaged Miraculous and Ladybug's refusal to give the Bee Miraculous to Chloe, leading her to betray and turn against Ladybug and join Hawk Moth.

Hawk moth later fixes the peacock miraculous and fuses it with the butterfly miraculous to become Shadow Moth.

Hawk moth later becomes known as Monarch.

Production
Production

Conception and creation
The series is based on an original concept created by French animator Thomas Astruc, who was inspired by a meeting with a certain lady, Japanese anime, and "decades of comics binge reading". In an interview with Nolife, Astruc said he was working as an animator on the show W.I.T.C.H. when he met a woman wearing a T-shirt with a ladybug on it. They began to share drawings, some of which were ladybug-themed. Astruc also noted that Marinette's hair was styled after the woman. They also worked on the cartoon A.T.O.M. around 2004–05. Astruc first drew Ladybug on sticky notes and remarked about how strong the Ladybug character was, and had a couple memories of seeing ladybug-themed superheroes in comics.

Astruc had intended to make Ladybug a comic book series until he met Jeremy Zag, who loved the project and wanted to produce it as a cartoon; Zag was 25 at the time and not originally from the cartoon industry.
In developing Cat Noir, Astruc said that ladybugs represented good luck, so it was natural to partner her with a black cat character with bad luck powers. Cat Noir was a tribute to comics characters like Catwoman, so it was like having Catwoman and Spider-Man in the same show but reversed genders.

A character named Félix was originally going to have the role of Cat Noir, but he was later scrapped in favor of Adrien Agreste because the creative team felt that Félix was a cliché of a male anime protagonist, and that Adrien would allow them to tell more interesting stories. In September 2015, Astruc indicated that he was open to revisiting the character of Félix, but he abandoned it by February 2016, writing that the character was a poor idea. Years later, in 2019, Félix was re-made as Adrien's cousin and was renamed Félix Graham de Vanily..
Themes, writing and process
The concept for the show originally dealt with political themes, geared towards teens and young adults. However, after failing to gain traction with networks, it was retooled for a younger target audience. Astruc said that he is delighted that the show is able to reach younger and older people.

Each episode takes around 3 months to write, from scratch to final validation of broadcasters. Assistant director Wilfried Pain said that each episode is composed of two parts: a sitcom aspect where the characters have to speak for themselves, and an action element where the camera is always moving.

The music was done by Noam Kaniel (Noam), who had also worked on action superhero shows such as X-Men, Code Lyoko, W.I.T.C.H., Fantastic Four, Power Rangers, Digimon Fusion, and Glitter Force. The theme song was written by Kaniel and Zag. The English lyrics were done by Alain Garcia and performed by Wendy Child and Cash Callaway. The French version was performed by Marily and Noam.

Reception
Kimberly Cooper, a blog writer who has contributed to news media such as The Huffington Post, wrote that the show has inspired teens and adults to create and propagate Miraculous remixes, and liked that the show featured multiracial characters as with the film Big Hero 6 which had won an Oscar. She "quickly realized there was a far cooler and broader Miraculous movement underway". Caitlin Donovan of entertainment website Epicstream listed it as one of her top 10 animated series of 2015. She wrote that "The characters are so charming that the tropey aspects of the show are merely a lot of fun, rather than irritating." with creative fights and good CGI animation. She wrote that "Marinette is an adorable lead who is genuinely awkward as a civilian, but confident as a superhero, which makes for an interesting contrast." Ella Anders of BSCKids wrote that the show stands out because of "how it meshes both the magical girl and superhero genera together"
. Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times described the show as "clever, romantic, fun, the way some of us prefer our superhero stories". He found the characters to "have the look of extruded plastic common to CGI cartoons", but "within these limits the design is lovely and the animation elegant, and a lot of work has gone into the staging and execution of the action scenes".
The North American Precis Syndicate called the show "authentic and aspirational – a story of today's modern everygirl superhero who comes to life. The series, about a young girl who taps into her superhero powers and innocent optimism to save Paris from the evil Hawk Moth, will no doubt inspire today's youth to try to save the day, each and every day in their own way". Andrea Reiher of Zap2It wrote that the "storylines are rich with family, friends, adventure, intrigue, villains, creativity and more, delivering themes that are relatable and relevant to kids and preteens" and anticipated it would be a huge hit on Nickelodeon.

Several media reviewers have anticipated Miraculous-brand toys to be among the hot superheroine properties for 2016. Zag has partnered with Bandai to release Miraculous-based toys, as well as deals to make Miraculous-brand clothing and other merchandise.

Awards and nominations
Broadcast
The show first premiered on TF1 in France and on other French channels, On 2016, The show premiered on Disney Channel several countries, The show is also in EBS and EBS2 in South Korea, Unlike the show in the UK, The show is still been on Pop Max instead of Pop in 2023, The show is ran on 40 countries, The show is also on Netflix on September 5, 2019.

Note

References

Other websites
 
 Miraculous at TF1 
 Miraculous at Disney Channel UK
 
 Official Japanese Website
2010s American animated television series
2010s French television series
2010s comedy-drama television series
2015 American television series debuts
2015 animated movies
2015 anime television series
2015 television series debuts
2017 animated movies
2020s American animated television series
Action television series
Disney Channel television series
English-language television programs
Fantasy television series
Flash animation
French animated movies
French animated television series
Italian animated television series
Japanese television series
Nickelodeon television series
Romance television series
Science fiction anime and manga
South Korean animated television series
South Korean comedy television series
South Korean drama television series
Superhero television shows
The Renault Twingo is a car made by Renault since 1993.

The original Twingo launched in April 1993 in Europe and Columbia. It was never available in the UK with right hand drive. It had an unusual interior with a small digital instrument display. It received updates in 1998, 2000 and 2004.  The second generation Twingo launched in 2007 and continued the design theme of the original. It was finally available with right hand drive for the UK market and was facelifted in 2011. The third generation Twingo launched in 2014 and now has 5 doors instead of 3. It was developed alongside the Smart ForFour but now has a normal instrument display. It was facelifted in 2019 but is no longer sold in the UK with right hand drive due to slow sales.

Gallery 

Twingo
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Sally Carman-Duttine (born 9 May 1981) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Kelly Maguire in the Channel 4 comedy-drama series Shameless (2005–2013), and Abi Franklin in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2017–present).

Carman was born in Mexborough, South Yorkshire, the county of England. At 18, she attended the LAMDA drama school in London.

She has also appeared in Doctors, Heartbeat, and Holby City.

Other websites
 
  

1981 births
Living people
English television actors
People from South Yorkshire