Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In 1853 Brampton was made into a village. During that year a small agricultural fair was started. The fair took place at the corner of Main street and Queen street. Grains, produce, and dairy products as well as Horses and cattle were sold at the fair. This fair became what is now called the Brampton Fall Fair.

The village of Brampton built its first public library in 1887. In 1907, the village got money from Andrew Carnegie to build a new library building.

Edward Dale, an immigrant from Dorking, England, opened a flower nursery in Brampton after he got to the town in 1863. Dale's Nursery became the town's largest employer, and began to export flowers around the world. The company became a town landmark, until Brampton Town Council allowed the building to be torn down in 1977. The company once had 140 greenhouses, and was the largest flower business in North America. The company also brought about the development of other nurseries in the town. Brampton became the home 48 flower nurseries.
In 1963, the town started calling itself the Flower Town of Canada. On 24 June 2002 Brampton City Council started the "Flower City Strategy". They wanted to show the town's history of growing flowers using this strategy. In 2007 the Rose Theatre was opened
and the city started taking part in the Communities in Bloom competition as a part of their strategy.

Current events
On October 28, 2007, the Brampton Civic Hospital was opened. The Brampton Civil Hospital was built to replace the old Peel Memorial Hospital which had been closed for renovations. Since Peel Memorial Hospital closed, the residents of Brampton have not been sure what is going to happen to it. Many residents want the hospital to be re-opened. They do not think the Brampton Civic Hospital is large enough for the size of Brampton.
In September of 2007, the Rose Theatre opened in Brampton. The theatre is seen as the start of a rebuilding of Brampton's downtown . Since the theatre opened, new businesses have opened in Brampton, and old businesses have renovated.

References

Other websites

 City of Brampton official website
 The Brampton Guardian, community newspaper
 The Brampton Bulletin , community newspaper
 The Brampton News , online-only news source
 Rogers Community Cable Brampton , television station
 Peel Garage Door Brampton , Garage Door Services

Brampton, Ontario
The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is the metropolitan area that includes Toronto and the surrounding cities such as Mississauga, Brampton, Markham and Vaughan. It is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada.

Toronto
Geography of Ontario
Metropolitan areas
GTA may refer to:

Arts and entertainment 
 Grand Theft Auto, series of video games by Rockstar Games
 Grand Theft Auto (video game), the original 1997 game
 Grand Theft Auto Advance, also known simply as Grand Theft Auto, 2004
 Grand Theft Auto (movie), a 1977 film directed by Ron Howard
 Grand Text Auto, a game studies blog by Nick Montfort
 GTA (DJs), an American electronic music duo

Car models 
 Alfa Romeo
 GTA, a succession of Italian sport coupés (1965–1975) based on the Giulia
 147 GTA, a high-performance version of the 147 hatchback
 156 GTA, a high-performance version of the 156 saloon and estate
 MiTo GTA, a concept version of the Alfa Romeo MiTo
 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am GTA, a U.S. sport coupé (1987–1992)
 Renault Alpine GTA/A610, a French sport coupé (1986–1991)
 Renault GTA, a sub-compact by American Motors (1986–1987) based on the Renault 11
Places 
 Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, semi-autonomous region in India
 Great Ayton railway station, England (station code: GTA)
 Greater Toronto Area, metropolitan area in Southern Ontario, Canada
 Goleta station, California, U.S. (station code: GTA)
James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian Academy and Golden Globe Award winning movie director. He is also an oceanographer. He is best known for his hit movies The Terminator, Aliens, Titanic, and Avatar.

References

Other websites

1954 births
Living people
Academy Award winning directors
Canadian movie directors
Oceanographers
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian screenwriters
Writers from Ontario
Canadian artists
Canadian environmentalists
Canadian editors
The World Ends with You, released in Japan as  is an action role-playing game made by Square Enix and Jupiter for the Nintendo DS game console.

Other websites 

 Official Japanese website
 Official North American website
 Official European website 
 Official DeviantArt account - Concept Art Slides
 Square Enix Members Site coverage
 

2007 video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Role-playing video games
A stroller (Canada & U.S.A.)  or pram (U.K) is a hand-pushed vehicle to carry babies and young infants. More general terms include child carrier, baby transport or baby carrier.

Criticism

They're criticised for reducing physical activity, a study in toronto concluded it could increase obesity by reducing physical exercise.

Strollers (including foldable ones) are also hard to carry in public transportation, take place when stored, and several designs are criticised.

They are also one of the most expensive pieces of furniture for babies. Theft of those is reported to happen, sometimes bycicle locks have been used to prevent them from being stolen.
Are strollers really necessary for a baby? 
Strollers are not absolutely necessary for a baby, but they can be a great convenience for parents. Strollers can provide a safe and comfortable way to transport a baby, and can be a great way to get out and about with a baby. Ultimately, whether or not strollers are necessary for a baby depends on a variety of factors, including lifestyle, living situation, and personal preference. While strollers can be a helpful tool for many parents, they are not a requirement for raising a healthy and happy baby.
Types of stroller 
There are several different types of strollers:
 Standard strollers - also called full-size or regular strollers, are usually designed to allow babies to lie on their backs for the first few months. Some are are designed to hold infant car seats for when the baby is older. They are usually built with enclosed sides or some type of containment. Some baby strollers may have features to stop babies from slipping through leg openings.
 Jogging strollers - are for serious runners. Using lightweight-frames and air-filled tires, a jogging stroller provides a smooth ride for a child on nearly any surface.
 Travel systems - include an infant car seat and a toddler stroller in a single system. The infant car seat can be used for car journeys and clicks into the toddler stroller base. Once the child has outgrown the infant seat, the toddler stroller can be used by itself.
Tandem or double strollers - can hold two children. In tandem designs, one child sits in back of the other, making it easier to maneuver through stores or crowds because a tandem is the same width as a single stroller.
 Lightweight strollers or umbrella strollers - are not equipped with much padding and at times not very modifiable; however, they are normally cheaper. Lightweight strollers are best suited for toddlers and older babies, or children who are one year old and older. They are not suitable for babies because they have little head support and do not recline completely.
 Side by side double stroller - holds two children. In side-by-side design, the children are sitting side by side.
References

Childhood
Human-powered vehicles
Safety
Bomberman Land Touch! (Touch! Bomberman Land DS in Japan) is a Puzzle/Mini-game collection video game made by Hudson Soft and published by Hudson Soft, Atlus, Rising Star Games, Red Ant Enterprises and Nintendo in many different places for the Nintendo DS game console.

Other websites
 Official English page 
 European page 
 Official page  at Hudson Soft's Japan Website
 Nintendo of Korea page 
 Official Bomberman Land website 

2006 video games
Atlus
Land Touch!
Online games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Bomberman is a series of video games created by Hudson Soft, now owned by Konami, and still has many games released to this day.

Bomberman is also the name of the character himself, who is the subject of the games. Most of these games revolve around him escaping a maze or solving a puzzle using bombs, defeating enemies, and reaching the end goal, whether a door or a solved puzzle. 

Bomberman is also known for its multiplayer mode, in which anywhere from 2 to 64 players can fight to the death to determine the winner. One wins when they are the last one standing. Collectible items have multiple effects, from increasing maximum bombs at once, to increasing explosion range of bombs, to even applying a negative effect to the player, like causing them to spin rapidly or throw bombs endlessly, usually resulting in the players death.
Only a few games have strayed from the simple 2d formula, with good examples being the Nintendo 64 games, in which Bomberman was played in 3rd person, and used bombs to solve puzzles like unlocking waterways and opening gates.

List of Bomberman games

Spinoffs

Coin-ops
Prince Sports, Inc. is an American manufacturer of equipment for racquet sports. It is based in Bordentown, New Jersey.

Other websites 
 Prince site

Companies based in New Jersey
1970 establishments in the United States
Dustin Luis Pedroia (born August 17, 1983 in Woodland, California) is a Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox. He played college baseball at Arizona State University.  He is  and . He won the 2007 American League Rookie of the Year award.

Other websites 

 
Baseball Reference  minor league statistics
Minor League Splits and Situational Stats 
No. 45 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2005 - Minor League News - Situational Stats 
No. 23 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2006 - Minor League News 

Baseball players from California
Boston Red Sox players
1983 births
Living people
Apollo 11 was the first flight to send people to the moon. It was done by NASA, the American space group.
It went up to space on July 16, 1969, carrying three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the moon, while Collins stayed in orbit around the Moon.

The flight was part of the Space Race. It finished the plan set by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to "land a man on the moon, and return him safely to the Earth", before the 1960s ended.

The Flight

Going to and from space 
Millions of people around the world viewed the flight of Apollo 11 on television. When the rocket was sent to space it was a worldwide event. Richard Nixon, who was then President, watched it from the White House as the rocket went up. A Saturn V rocket took flight from the Kennedy Space Center in America.
About two hours after leaving Earth the passenger module departed the main rocket. The passenger module had two main parts, the Apollo command and service module called Columbia and the Apollo Lunar Module called Eagle. Columbia was the space ship that stayed in space, and Eagle was the moon-landing space ship. 3 days later the team entered Lunar Orbit (orbit around the moon). A day later the Eagle went away from Columbia. The Eagle landed safely on the moon with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin inside. During the landing, there were several problems with the computer. To land safely Armstrong had to fly the Eagle himself. They landed with only 25 seconds of fuel left.
Events on the moon  
The first thing Buzz Aldrin did upon touch down was to pray. He also read some words of Jesus. He did not reveal his plan to do this because someone had just made a lawsuit to stop astronauts from doing religious things in space. Armstrong became the first human to walk and speak on the moon's surface. The first words he said were:

For the next two and a half hours Aldrin and Armstrong took notes, pictures and made holes to get moon rock. The landings were watched by over six million people on Earth using the very big radio telescope in Australia. They did many experiments, for example, the collecting of moon rocks and dust. An American flag was set up and photographed on the moon. Before doing that, President Richard Nixon did a telephone call to them:
Leaving the moon and returning to Earth 
After finishing their work, Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the Eagle and slept for seven hours before starting to leave. While preparing to leave, Aldrin broke the circuit breaker in the engine starter. Armstrong used a pen to bridge the circuit and stop them from being stuck on the moon. Aldrin and Armstrong left many things on the moon: an American flag, a few experiments, a golden feather, a logo of Apollo 1 and some bronze coins honoring Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Komarov. He also left a sign on the moon, with a message from the human race. The sign reads:
On July 24 the three astronauts returned to Earth and were immediately placed into quarantine (kept away from other people), in case they brought back some disease from the moon. They stayed in quarantine for three weeks. When they got out the men were heroes around the world. They had dinner with President Nixon, a parade in New York City and another one in Chicago. The three were also on many television shows.

Photos

Related pages 
 Apollo Program
 Moon landing conspiracy theories

References

Other websites 

 The Apollo Program 
 Apollo 11 Image Gallery
 The History Place: Apollo 11
 Apollo 11 Mission

1969 in the United States
Apollo program
1969 in technology
1960s in spaceflight
William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.  Clemens played in the major leagues for 24 seasons for the Boston Red Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros, from  to .  Clemens has won seven Cy Young Awards, two more than any other pitcher.

Other websites 

 
Baseball Library 
Biography from the Roger Clemens Foundation 

Roger Clemens  ads in the ZADZADZ ad database

1962 births
American baseball players
American League All-Stars
Boston Red Sox players
Houston Astros players
Living people
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees players
Sportspeople from Dayton, Ohio
Toronto Blue Jays players
Universal Music Group is a company that runs four record labels in the music industry. It is the largest business group and family of record labels in the world. It started in 1934 as "Decca Records USA" and had some other names, before it became "Universal Music Group" in 1996. The company is based in Santa Monica, California.

UMG controls 25.5% of the market share. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of French company Vivendi; Universal Studios, the movie studio, was sold in part to NBC, which itself is part of GE. UMG owns the largest music publishing business in the world, Universal Music Publishing Group, following the acquisition of BMG Music Publishing in May 2007. Vivendi's headquarters are in Paris, France. In the United States, UMG is in Santa Monica, California, and New York City, along with Universal Music Group Nashville; in the UK the group has a number of offices in London and Romford.

History of the company
"Universal Music" was once the music company for the movie studio Universal Pictures. MCA Inc. bought American Decca in 1962. Seagram, the owner of MCA, would buy PolyGram in 1998 to form Universal Music Group (which had been MCA before 1996).

The branches of "UMG" now count Capitol Records, Virgin Records, Interscope Records, A&M Records, Geffen Records (Nirvana/Happy Tree Friends), Island Records and Def Jam Recordings.

In 2007, Universal bought BMG's music publishing branch and folded it into the "Universal Music Publishing" division.

In 2012, Universal bought most of EMI's music recordings. After the buyout, Universal then sold some labels such as V2, Sanctuary, Mute, and Parlophone.
Universal Music has announced that it will develop an online site for music videos inspired by Hulu.com, the site setup by News Corp and NBC that allows free streaming of television shows. This website is named Vevo, and its music videos have been watched billions of times on YouTube. The company is also supported by musicians such as Marc Engelhard and, conversely, also refers to them.

References

Other websites
 Universal Music Group - Artists 

American record labels
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
Companies based in New York City
1934 establishments in the United States
Dundee United Football Club is a professional football club from Dundee, Scotland. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The manager is Micky Mellon. In the 2018-19 season, they finished 2nd in the Championship behind Ross County. The club failed to regain promotion to the Premiership after losing the Premiership play-off against St. Mirren 2-0 on penalties. Dundee United won the 1982-83 Scottish Premier Division, and the Scottish Cup in 1994 and 2010.

Name
1909-1923 Dundee Hibernian FC
1923-present Dundee United FC

Stadium

Dundee United's home ground throughout their history has been Tannadice Park, located on Tannadice Street in the Clepington area of the city. It is situated only  away from Dens Park, home of rivals Dundee F.C.; the two stadia are the closest senior football grounds anywhere in the United Kingdom.
The age and proximity of their stadia has led to the possibility of both clubs moving to a new, purpose-built shared stadium being discussed on various occasions. The most recent and serious proposal for this was put forward as part of Scotland's bid to joint-host the 2008 European Football Championship, with several clubs seeking to benefit from a new stadium with planning permission given to a proposed site at Caird Park. Special dispensation was requested to proceed with the proposal, as rules at the time forbade SPL teams from groundsharing. Following Scotland's failed bid to host the tournament, the scheme was shelved for the time being, although the plan was raised again in June 2008 following doubts about joint-host Ukraine's ability to stage Euro 2012 with the Scottish Football Association keen as alternative hosts.

References
References

Other websites 
Official Dundee United FC website
ArabZONE - Official Dundee United FC members only website 
ArabTRUST 
Dundee United Youth Development 
Federation of Dundee United Supporters' Clubs 
Dundee United BBC My Club page

Scottish Premier League clubs
Dundee
1909 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in Scotland
Two Hands is a movie released on 29 July 1999. It was made in Australia by director Gregor Jordan. The movie was the debut for actor Heath Ledger. It won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film in 1999. The movie was played at the Sundance Film Festival in the United States.

References 

1999 movies
English-language movies
Australian crime movies
Paisley () is a town near Glasgow, Scotland. It is home to the Scottish Premier League association football team, St Mirren F.C.

Paisley is the largest town and fifth largest settlement in Scotland.

Other websites
 Official Paisley Site
 Paisley2020.org – Future-focused website keeping you up-to-date with developments 
 ComeToPaisley.com - Paisley's Tourism Website  
 Paisley Mansions web page
 Paisley website focusing on old and up to date photographs of the town 

Paisley, Renfrewshire
Daniel Gonzalez Güiza (born August 17 1980, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz) is a Spanish football player.

He started his football career at Xerez CD in 1999.  He scored 27 goals and he became a top scorer when he was at Mallorca in 2007/2008 season.  He was then transferred to Fenerbahçe.  He was called for the first time to Spanish National Football Team in 2008; in Euro 2008 he scored 2 goals.

1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Jerez de la Frontera
Kilmarnock (; locally known as Killie) is a large burgh in East Ayrshire, Scotland, with 44,170 people. It is roughly between Glasgow and Ayr, and is the second largest town in Ayrshire. The River Irvine runs through its eastern section, and the Kilmarnock Water passes through it, giving rise to the name 'Bank Street'.

History 
The name comes from the Gaelic cill (cell), and the name of Saint Marnoch or Mernoc who is also remembered in the name of Portmarnock in Ireland, and Inchmarnock. It may come from the three Gaelic elements mo, 'my', Ernán (name of the saint) and the diminutive ag, giving Church of My Little Ernán. Some people think that the saint founded a church there in the 7th century. There are 12 Church of Scotland congregations in the town, plus other denominations. In 2005, the Reverend David W. Lacy, minister of the town's Henderson Church, was elected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.
The core of the early town appears to have lain around what is now the Laigh Kirk (Low Church), although the oldest parts of the current building are no earlier than the 17th century, extending north and northwest. A comparatively modest settlement until the industrial revolution, Kilmarnock extended considerably from around 1800 onwards. This resulted in formal, planned developments such as King Street, Portland Street, Saint Marnock Street, and latterly John Finnie Street; the latter often suggested as one of the finest Victorian planned streets in Scotland.

Geography 
Areas of Kilmarnock include:
Altonhill
Annanhill
Barnweill
Beansburn
Bellfield
Bonnyton
Caprington
Fisher Grange
Gargieston
Gosforth
Grange Estate
Hillhead
Howard Grange
Loanhead
Longpark
Kenton
Kirkstyle
New Farm Loch
Onthank
Riccarton
Shortlees
Southcraig
Townholm
Wardneuk
Wellpark

Economy
Economy 

Kilmarnock's traditional industries were based around textiles and heavy engineering: e.g. locomotives (Andrew Barclay and Sons) from 1837 through 1970, and valves (Glenfield and Kennedy), which are still in production; and carpets (manufactured by BMK) from the early 1900s.

The carpets manufactured in Kilmarnock were internationally known for their quality and intricacy since the late 1800s. Many locations around the world chose to install BMK carpets. Famously, RMS Titanic was carpeted using carpets manufactured by Stoddard Carpets, the parent company and successor to BMK. Primarily due to a move by the UK market towards laminated and hard-wood flooring, but also partially due to a long decline in the industry in the area as well as cheaper, but noticeably less hard-wearing foreign competition, carpet-making finally ceased in Kilmarnock in early 2005.
Archibald Finnie and his family lived at Springhill House (now a nursing home) near the Grange Academy. They owned many coal mines, pits and other companies in Springside and other places. John Finnie Street is named after one of the family. Shoes were also a major product for some time, with Saxone having a factory in the town on the site of where the Galleon leisure centre is now.

Kilmarnock had one of the earliest tram railways in the world, running to Troon over the (recently restored) Laigh Milton viaduct. The Glasgow and South Western Railway also set up their works here, producing nearly 400 locomotives by the time it was absorbed by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Some work continued, but heavy repairs were sent to St. Rollox. Locomotive repairs finished in 1952, and the works closed in 1959. Nevertheless locomotives are still made by Hunslett-Barclay, as well as the maintenance of existing diesel and electric multiple units.
From 1946 tractors were also built in Kilmarnock, with a large Massey-Harris factory present on the outskirts of the town. It later became Massey-Ferguson, before closing in 1980. Glenfield and Kennedy still survives albeit with a fraction of its former workforce, which at its height numbered in the thousands. Kilmarnock however is still home to the world famous Johnnie Walker's brand Scotch whisky. On the outskirts of the town is Scotland's first privately run prison, HM Prison Kilmarnock.

Regeneration
Regeneration 

The textile and manufacturing sectors across Scotland suffered significant decline in the postwar period, and in particular from the 1960s, in the face of greater foreign competition. Kilmarnock was no exception, with the closure or significant reduction of many of its traditional large employers: Glenfield and Kennedy, Massey Ferguson, BMK, and Saxone. Although significant attempts have been made to halt this decline and attract new employers, Kilmarnock saw a continuing net loss of jobs in the five years to 2005.

Although traditionally a main shopping area for most of the surrounding districts, patterns have changed over the last 20 years; traditional centres such as Ayr have been joined by new developments at Braehead and East Kilbride.
This difficult economic climate is most visible in the town centre, the eastern part of which has been extensively redeveloped, with important historic buildings such as King Street Church and the Town Hall being demolished, and Duke Street (the link from Kilmarnock Cross to the Palace Theatre and out to the London Road) built over.

More recently Portland Street, which formed the northerly part of the main shopping area, lay abandoned for many years due to a decline in retail trade and in the face of possible comprehensive redevelopment. The street has now been redeveloped, but has not yet regained its former degree of popularity, with a Gala Bingo and a J.D. Wetherspoons taking up much of one side of the street and the rest largely occupied by chain stores.
In 2004, the Rough Guide to Scotland described the town as "shabby and depressed, saddled with some terrible shopping centres and a grim one-way system". The town, however, contains several parks such as Howard Park, Dean Park, and Kay Park, and residential areas including London Road, Dundonald Road, McLelland Drive, and Howard Park Drive. The town also boasts a collection of gift shops, cafes, bars, and restaurants within the very desirable Bank Street area, whilst offering retail options within its retail parks at Queen's Drive and Glencairn Square.
According to the local press in November 2007, the new SNP council have drawn up a Top Ten Hit List on 'eyesore' buildings in the town, and their owners and have revealed plans to crack down hard on property owners who have left their buildings fall into disrepair. A plan of action is being carried out to get something done with each of these sites. Many of the buildings in disrepair are irreplaceable listed buildings such as the former ABC cinema (previously the King's Theatre) on Titchfield Street.

A four-star hotel recently opened next to Rugby Park, the home of Kilmarnock F.C., and new restaurants, such as Merchants and the award winning Jefferson Restaurant have opened in the town centre.
Regeneration activities have been discussed for Kilmarnock town centre; in early 2006, an application to Historic Scotland's Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme was successful, and as of July 2006 an application under the Heritage Lottery Fund's Townscape Heritage Initiative Scheme was pending. Work has pretty much finished on a quality housing development on the gapsite of the former Kilmarnock Infirmary north of the town centre.

In the past there have been major efforts to improve the quality of life for residents in the town's worst housing estates, especially in parts of Shortlees, Longpark and Onthank. Though the physical rehabilitation of housing in these areas has partly tackled the underlying problems of social exclusion, Onthank is arguably that most successful area of regeneration in question.
Landmarks 
John Walker; burial place at the kirk yard of Saint Andrew's Glencairn Church.
The Dick Institute.
Kilmarnock War Memorial; Elmbank Avenue (1926-1927), B-listed, architect James Miller.
Dean Castle; the original keep dates from around 1350, and the palace from around 1460.
Burns Monument; from 1879.
Dean Park.
Kay Park; the  park was purchased, laid out, and gifted to the town by Alexander Kay. It opened in 1879 and is the home of the Burns Monument.
Howard Park Kilmarnock; previously 'Barbadoes Green', to where the roots of Kilmarnock Football Club can be traced back. "Lady's Walk in Howard Park commemorates the grief-stricken walks taken by the young widow of The Earl of Kilmarnock who was sentenced to be hung, drawn and quartered in London in 1746, later commuted to beheading. His widow died a year after his execution.
Kilmarnock railway viaduct; built between 1843 and 1850.
Kilmarnock railway station; from 1846.
The Laigh Kirk and Kirkyard.
Sandbed Street Bridge; circa 1762; the oldest surviving bridge in Kilmarnock.
Palace Theatre; the imposing Corn Exchange, whose red-sandstone Italianate tower, by James Ingram, dominates the cross at London Road and Green Street, was opened on 16 September 1863 as a multi-use concert hall.
Kings Hotel.
George Hotel.
Bank Street.
John Finnie Street; from 1864.
King Street; from 1804.
Clydesdale Bank; from 1975.
Kilmarnock Cross.
Transport 

In 1812, the famous Kilmarnock and Troon Railway opened, mainly to carry coal from the area to the harbour at Troon, but also carrying passengers.
In 1904, Kilmarnock had its own tramway system built. The name of the company was Kilmarnock Corporation Tramways. An electric power station was built in the south bank of the River Irvine at Riccarton. Overhead power lines and tram lines were laid.  With continued upgrading and expansion, the tram network at its peak went from Ayr Road in Riccarton at its southerly point, to Knockinlaw Road in Beansburn in the North. At Kilmarnock Cross, the line had an easterly spur that stretched along London Road, through Crookedholm and finally terminating at Hurlford.  There had been proposed extensions along Portland Road, up John Finnie Street, West Langlands Street and eventually towards Crosshouse, but by this time, increasing costs and the far more flexible motor bus had made inroads and the trams ceased operation in 1926 during the General Strike. The council decided not to restart the service and the infrastructure was soon dismantled. Today the town is served by Kilmarnock railway station.
Kilmarnock has excellent road links to Glasgow with the M77 motorway now extending as far as Fenwick.

Kilmarnock is on the main road between Edinburgh, Livingston, South Lanarkshire, and Ayrshire (Irvine).

Education 
Kilmarnock has 17 schools; 13 primary and four secondary. There is also a college in the town, Kilmarnock College, formerly Kilmarnock Technical College. The schools are managed by East Ayrshire Council.

Secondary schools
Kilmarnock Academy
Saint Joseph's R.C. Academy
Grange Academy
James Hamilton Academy
Primary schools
Saint Andrews R.C. Primary
Mount Carmel R.C. Primary
Loanhead Primary
Founded c.1903 at Elmbank Drive. Around 120 pupils, aged 4-11, are educated under the direction of the headteacher Mrs Smith who succeeded Mrs Jan Cuningham.
Hillhead Primary
Kirkstyle Primary
Fairly new, on top of a Coal Mine at Carron Avenue. Headteacher Dianne McKinnon who succeeded Elizabeth Devlin after she retired in July.
Bellfield Primary
Shortlees Primary
Silverwood Primary
New Farm Primary
Annanhill Primary
Gargieston Primary
Onthank Primary

Sports
Sports 

The town is host to a football club named Kilmarnock F.C., the oldest professional club in Scotland. Their home ground is the curiously named Rugby Park. The reason for the name of the ground is that when founded, the club played both football and rugby. The club has the largest supporter base of any team outside Scotland's four major cities. Rugby Park was also one of the first football grounds in Scotland to have floodlights installed. In recent years the stadium has been modernised, firstly to bring it in line with the all-seating regulations, then rebuilt totally to make a new ground. It has also hosted international football matches as well as music concerts, the most recent one was when Elton John performed here in June 2005. Derek Olgavie is also a regular appearance in the Palace Theatre.

The town also regularly plays host to professional wrestling shows, promoted by the British Championship Wrestling promotion.
There are two golf courses in the town, Annanhill Golf Course and Caprington Golf Course, which has both an 18 hole course and a nine hole course. Both these courses are council owned and run by East Ayrshire Council.

The local leisure complexes include the Galleon Centre: with a 25 metre swimming pool, baby pool, ice rink, squash courts, sauna, gym, games hall, bar area, bowling green and the New Northwest Centre (formerly the Hunter Centre) which contains an up-to-date community gym and various local medical facilities.
Culture 
The first collection of work by Scottish poet Robert Burns, Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect was published here in 1786. It was published at the current site of the Burn's Mall, dedicated to his work. This edition is known as the Kilmarnock Edition.

Two areas of Kilmarnock, Ellerslie and Riccarton, are associated with William Wallace and his father. Claims have been made that this is the true origin of his birthplace, and recently these have been largely substantiated. The claim that Wallace was born in Elderslie near Paisley no longer seems tenable.

John Bowring, renowned polyglot and fourth governor of Hong Kong, was Member of Parliament for Kilmarnock in 1835.

In the castle of Kilmarnock, Dean Castle, there is an exhibition of armour and weapons, and the Van Raalte collection of musical instruments.
Notable people 
Ian Deans; notable Scottish-Canadian NDP politician representing Hamilton, Ontario.
William and John Sloane; founders of W. & J. Sloane in New York City.
Margaret McDowall; member of the Scottish swimming team and silver medal winner at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics.
Hugh McIlvanney; sports journalist.
William McIlvanney; writer, born 1936.
Sir John Boyd Orr; biologist, politician and Nobel Peace Prize-winner.
Robert Dunsmuir; Hudson's Bay Company coal miner and then coal baron, richest man in western Canada and builder of Victoria's Craigdarroch Castle; born at Hurlford, southeast of Kilmarnock.
Scottish Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie (of "Whose Line is it Anyway?" fame) spent the first several years of his life in Kilmarnock (born 1957, emigrated 1964).
Malcolm Wallace; father of Scotland's hero, William Wallace, was born in Riccarton.
Malky McCormick; cartoonist.
Jamie Allan Kerr; master craftsman.
Lindsay McKenzie; actress.
The Very Rev Dr David Lacy; minister of Henderson Church in Kilmarnock and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2005.
The Rev William Hewitt; Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2009, born in Kilmarnock.
Doctor William Findlay (pen name George Umber); author.
Des Browne, Baron Browne of Ladyton; former MP, UK defence minister, and Secretary of State for Scotland
John Kelso Hunter (Scottish Painter); Oil Painter and Author in 19th Century.
Twin towns 
Kilmarnock - as part of East Ayrshire Council - is twinned with five European cites and has received awards from the Council of Europe for its work in twinning.
 Alès, France.
 Herstal, Belgium.
 Joué-lès-Tours, France
 Kulmbach, Germany.
 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.

References

Notes

Bibliography 
Beattie, Frank (1994) Greetings from Kilmarnock, Ochiltree : R. Stenlake, 
Beattie, Frank (2003) Kilmarnock Memories, Sutton Publishing, 
Brinkhoff, T. (2007) City Population: Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Scotland, Online statistics [accessed 8 July 2007]
Malkin, John (1989) Pictorial History of Kilmarnock, Darvel : Alloway, 
Smellie, Thomas (1898) Sketches of Old Kilmarnock, Section II, limited edition of 250 copies, Kilmarnock : Dunlop & Drennan

Other websites 
The History of Kilmarnock by Archibald McKay, 1858
The Lordship and Barony of Kilmarnock
Webcams of the town 
Kilmarnock F.C.
2001 census key statistics for Kilmarnock 

East Ayrshire
Towns in Scotland
Falkirk is a town in Scotland. It is home to Scottish Premier League football club Falkirk F.C.

Towns in Falkirk
The Scotsman is a daily newspaper from Scotland, United Kingdom. It has recently been changed to a compact form, but the Sunday version remains a broadsheet

Other websites 
Scotsman Official Website

Media in Scotland
Newspapers published in the United Kingdom
BBC Sport is part of the bbc.co.uk website run by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It covers all sports from football and rugby to less high-profile sports such as hockey or badminton. The site includes an discussion board called 606 to allow fans to discuss events and sports-related news. BBC Sport also covers sporting events on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC television, e.g. The Olympics.

Other websites 

Sport
Sports media
The Turkish national football team is the national football team of the Republic of Turkey and is worked by the Turkish Football Federation. They are in association with UEFA.

Turkey has a footballing tradition that has been  bad. In World Cup competition Turkey has qualified three times for the 1950, 1954, and 2002 editions. Turkey failed to make an appearance for the 1950 World Cup because they withdrew.

Turkey made it to the semi-finals during the UEFA Euro 2008, but then lost to Germany.

Squad

2011 

 Goalkeepers:
 Volkan Demirel, Sinan Bolat, Tolga Zengin
 Defenders:
 Servet Çetin, Hakan Balta, Gökhan Zan, İsmail Köybaşı, Egemen Korkmaz, Serkan Balcı, Giray Kaçar, Ömer Toprak, Gökhan Gönül
 Midfielders:
 Emre Belözoğlu , Hamit Altıntop, Selçuk İnan, Mehmet Ekici, Arda Turan, Mehmet Topal, Ozan Tufan, Selçuk Şahin, Gökhan Töre, Sabri Sarıoğlu, Yekta Kurtuluş, Mehmet Aurélio
 Forwards:
 Umut Bulut, Tunay Torun, Burak Yılmaz, Kazım Kazım, Mevlüt Erdinç

2021
2021 

 Goalkeepers:
 Mert Günok, Altay Bayındır, Uğurcan Çakır
 Defenders:
 Zeki Çelik, Merih Demiral, Çağlar Söyüncü, Umut Meraş, Ozan Kabak, Rıdvan Yılmaz, Kaan Ayhan, Mert Müldür, Caner Erkin, Hasan Ali Kaldırım, Ömer Bayram
 Midfielders:
 Okay Yokuşlu, Ozan Tufan, Dorukhan Toköz, Hakan Çalhanoğlu, Yusuf Yazıcı, Taylan Antalyalı, Orkun Kökçü, Abdülkadir Ömür, İrfan Kahveci, Kerem Aktürkoğlu, Mahmut Tekdemir, Deniz Türüç
 Forwards:
 Cengiz Ünder, Kenan Karaman, Enes Ünal, Burak Yılmaz , Halil Dervişoğlu, Cenk Tosun

Most appearances
Updated on 16 June 2021
* Players in bold are still active.

Top scorers
Updated on 16 June 2021

 Players in bold are still active.

Recent Games 

 Green means that the team won.
 Yellow means the team had a draw.
 Red means the team lost.

Related pages 
 Turkey at the UEFA European Championship

References

Other websites 
 Turkish soccer (football) latest news
  Official Site of Turkish Football Federation
  Turkish Football Statistics
Falkirk Football Club is a Scottish professional football club currently playing in the Scottish Premier League.

Stadium 
In the club's early years, a wide number of pitches and stadia were used. In 1885, the site of Brockville Park in Falkirk was leased, and there the club remained until the last day of the 2002-03 season. Due to Brockville's central location in the town, and the SPL's stringent stadium requirements, the dilapidated Brockville site, home of Falkirk for over 100 years, was no longer suitable for the club's ambitions. For season 2003-04, the club groundshared with Stenhousemuir at Ochilview stadium on the outskirts of the town. At the start of 2004-05 they moved into their new purpose built stadium which meets SPL criteria. The ground currently consists of two stands with a third due to start in the coming months.
The old Brockville ground was demolished in 2003/2004 and the land is now home to a branch of the Morrisons supermarket, which has several items of Falkirk F.C. memorabilia on site, including a turnstile from the old ground.

Current squad 
As of 9 July 2009

Other websites 
Official site
Travelling Bairn 
Falkirk BBC My Club page
One F in Falkirk 

Scottish football clubs
Falkirk
1876 establishments in the United Kingdom
1870s establishments in Scotland
Hampden Park in Glasgow is Scotland's national football stadium. Its primary use is the home of Queen's Park F.C. and the Scotland national football team. It is also used for pop concerts and other sporting events.

Hampden was built in 1903, though all signs of the original stadium are long gone. It is known throughout the world as an iconic home of football and celebrated its centenary on October 31 2003. The stadium also houses the offices of the Scottish Football Association and the Scottish Professional Football League. During the 2012 Olympics it also hosted matches during the early stages of the Olympic football tournament. It has also hosted prestigious sporting events such as the finals of the European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) and the UEFA Cup.

Hampden was the key stadium of the 2014 Commonwealth Games. It hosted the athletics during the tournament, Glasgow having been announced as the host city on 9 November 2007.

The stadium
The stadium

The Scottish Cup Final is played at Hampden annually in May, for the honour of lifting the world's oldest national trophy - the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup, made in 1873. Queen's Park were the first winners, beating Clydesdale F.C. 2-0 in the 1874 final.
Hampden Park hosted the 1960 European Cup final between Real Madrid and Eintracht Frankfurt, where over 130,000 people watched Real Madrid win 7-3. The 1976 final was also held at Hampden, when FC Bayern Munich defeated AS Saint-Etienne. Real Madrid were again victorious when Hampden Park hosted the final of the UEFA Champions League in 2002, defeating Bayer Leverkusen, aided by Zinedine Zidane's legendary "wonder goal". Hampden Park also hosted the 2007 UEFA Cup Final on May 16 when Sevilla defeated Espanyol to retain the trophy. It also held famous wins for the Scotland national football team, such as the 1-0 wins over Netherlands in November 2003, and against France in October 2006. One of the most exciting Scottish Cup Finals in history commenced at Hampden on May 4 2002 as Rangers defeated Celtic 3-2 with a last-minute diving header from Peter Løvenkrands. Diego Maradona made his international debut at Hampden Park and scored.

Stadium records
Stadium records 

Among the British and European capacity records Hampden holds are:

1937 - Attendance 149,415 : Scotland v England (British Home Championship) - highest in Europe
1937 - Attendance 146,433 : Celtic v Aberdeen (Scottish Cup Final) - highest for a club match in Europe
1970 - Attendance 136,505 : Celtic v Leeds United (European Cup Semi-Final) - highest for a UEFA competition match

Other sports 

In American football, the Scottish Claymores of NFL Europe played at the stadium between 1998 and 2004 before decamping to Hamburg to become the Hamburg Sea Devils. The league's championship game, the World Bowl, was held there in 2003. In that game, the Frankfurt Galaxy beat Rhein Fire. 

The stadium has also hosted concerts, and in 2000 was the venue for a boxing card headlined by former world champion Mike Tyson. Robbie Williams' concert in September 2006 forced the Scottish national team to play their first Euro 2008 qualifier at Celtic Park instead.
Hampden hosted the athletics events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Glasgow was announced as the host city on 9th November 2007.

Football stadiums in Scotland
1903 establishments in Scotland
Feodor (Theodore) III Alexeevich of Russia was born on June 9, 1661, and died on May 7, 1682. He was the Tsar of all Russia between 1676 and 1682.

1661 births
1682 deaths
Russian tsars
House of Romanov
Lengnau is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 

Municipalities in Biel/Bienne
Sivasspor is a Turkish football club founded in 1967. Its stadium, the Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium is in Sivas city. Sivasspor's colours are red and white. It is called "Yiğidolar" in Turkey. Sivasspor became fourth in the Turkey Turkcell Super League 2007/2008 season. Sivasspor will play first match in Europe with Grbalj team to join Uefa Cup.

Turkish football clubs
Otto Abetz (3 March 1903 in Schwetzingen, Germany – 5 May 1958) was a German diplomat. In 1931, he became a member of the NSDAP and worked until 1934 as Reichsjugendführer. He was German ambassador for the Vichy-Government from 1940 to 1944.

After the War he went to prison for 20 years. He was released from prison in 1954. He died on 5 May 1958 in an auto accident near Langenfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, on the Cologne-Ruhr autobahn.

References 
Zentner, Christian:"Der Zweite Weltkrieg - Ein Lexikon" Vienna, 2003

1903 births
1958 deaths
Ambassadors of Germany
German prisoners
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
People from Baden-Württemberg
Road accident deaths
SS officers
The Statute of Labourers was a law created by the English parliament under King Edward III in 1351 about labour shortage. It was first made known by Sir John Halles.

Other websites 
 Text of the statute 
 Another source of the text

1350s in England
Acts of the Parliament of England
1351
Christine de Pizan, sometimes known as de Pisan, (Venice 1364 – about 1430) was  an Italian French late mediaeval author. She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy. She wrote only in her adopted language, Middle French. She challenged the male-dominated realm of the arts. She is known as Europe’s first professional woman writer. 

She wrote both poetry and prose works. There were biographies and books of practical advice for women. She wrote 41 works in her 30-year career from 1399–1429.  She married in 1380 at the age of 15, and was widowed 10 years later.

Her influence spread through all of Europe. It affected the social life of many Europeans because she gave confidence to women that they could rise beyond what men told them to do. Some  scholars think this is misreading her intentions.
Selected works 
 L'Épistre au Dieu d'amours (1399)
 L'Épistre de Othéa a Hector (1399–1400)
 Dit de la Rose (1402)
 Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelyas, Rondeaux (1402)
 Le Chemin de long estude (1403)
 Livre de la mutation de fortune (1403)
 La Pastoure (1403)
 Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V (1404)
 Le Livre de la cité des dames (1405)
 Le Livre des trois vertus (1405)
 L'Avision de Christine (1405)
 Livre du corps de policie (1407)
 Livre de paix (1413)
 Epistre de la prison de vie humaine (1418)
 Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc (1429)

References 

1364 births
1420s deaths
Writers from Paris
Dance of Death (; ; ) is a late-medieval allegory on death: no matter who a person is, the dance of death unites all.

Other websites 
 A collection of historical images of the Danse Macabre at Cornell's The Fantastic in Art and Fiction

Death customs
Middle Ages
Horror
Patrick Poivre d'Arvor (born 20 September, 1947 in Reims; known in France as PPDA) is a French journalist. He has presented the main evening news on French Television since 1987. He studied political sciences and Slavic languages in Paris. He is married, and has 5 children; 3 daughters and one son with his wife Véronique, and a son with Claire Chazal. He had an affair with Chazal (who is also a well-known news presenter in France) in the 1990s.

One of his daughters was anorexic. She committed suicide, aged 19, in 1995. She jumped in front of a metro train in Paris. She left a note: "Thank you for everything, but I do not like life. I want to be incinerated, and kept in a small box, but not thrown to the sea."

References

1947 births
Living people
French journalists
People from Reims
Writers from Grand Est
Marcus Paul Davis (born August 24, 1973), nicknamed "The Irish Hand Grenade" (and "The Celtic Warrior" when fighting in Ireland), is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. He fights as a welterweight in the UFC and in independent MMA promotions in the United States. He was a contestant on the Ultimate Fighter 2 on Spike TV.

Marcus David went pro in MMA on August 22, 2003 with a first round TKO of Shaun Gay. In 2005, Marcus was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter 2. Coming in with his boxing skills.

Other websites 
Official Site 
UFC profile
Team Irish MMA 

American mixed martial artists
1973 births
Living people