Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Lakona was High Chief of Oahu, a Hawaiian island.

Life 
Lakona was born on Oʻahu around 1340. He was the son of High Chief Nawele and his wife, Kalanimoeikawaikai. Because of his father, Lakona is also known as Lakona-a-Nawele, which means "Lakona, son of Nawele". After the death of his father, Lakona became the ruler of his island. He ruled together with his female cousin, Maelo.

The wife of Lakona was called Alaʻikauakoko, who is also known as Kanakoko. They had a son, Kapaealakona, who succeeded Lakona after Lakona's death.

References 

Royalty of Oahu
1340s births
Ayman Odeh (, , born January 1, 1975 in Haifa) is an Israeli lawyer and politician. He is political leader both of Hadash ("New") and HaReshima HaMeshutefet / al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah ("The Joint List").

Early life & education
Ayman Odeh was born in the year 1975. He was raised in the city of Haifa which is located within the neighbourhood of Kababir. His father was a construction worker. Even though their family was Muslim but his father sent him to a Christian school.

Ayman Odeh studied law at the University of Craiova located in Romania from 1993 to 1997. When he was studying in Romania then he took part in pro-Palestinian rallies. He also learned Romanian language and read the memoirs of various political thinkers and revolutionaries.
Career
Odeh is an Arab Israeli and a former Muslim. He believes in socialism. He is in favour of Arab and Jewish Israelis collaborating, and is supporting Mizrahi Israelis, who in his opinion are neglected for Israeli Jews coming from the Western world. He also advocates weaponless Palestinian actions to reach its goals.

He started his political career in 1998 by becoming a councillor of Haifa on behalf of Hadash. This lasted till 2005. Next year he became secretary-general.

After several failing attempts to become a Member of Knesset in 2009 and 2013, Odeh has eventually succeeded in 2015. The very same year he had become political leader of Hadash and of The Joint List (last one is a cooperation of the four mainly Arab parties in parliament).

References

Other website
 Bio at Knesset Website

1975 births
Living people
Israeli lawyers
Israeli political leaders
Members of the Knesset
People from Haifa
Socialist politicians
Israeli-Arab people
Kapae-a-Lakona — also spelled Kapea-a-Lakona — was High Chief of Oahu in ancient Hawaii.

Family 
He was a son of High Chief Lakona of Oʻahu and his wife, Chiefess Alaʻikauakoko — daughter of a man named Pokai and his wife Hineuki. After his father's death, Kapae became the Chief of Oʻahu. Kapae married a woman named Wehina, whose parents are not known today. Wehina and Kapae's only known child was Chief Haka of Oahu.

References 

Royalty of Oahu
14th-century births
Samsu-iluna ruled Babylon from 1750 BC to 1712 BC. He was the son of Hammurabi, the conqueror of Mesopotamia. He became King after the death of his father in 1750 BC.
18th-century BC people
Babylonian kings
A sexbot is a robot that could be used for sexual intercourse. Sexbots do not exist yet, but they may exist in the future. It could be useful for people who are disabled or extremely shy. It has been predicted by some sociologists that sexbots will be used by TFLers (True Forced Loners) and people suffering from inceldom. Some analysts say that sexbots exist because young men outnumber young women in the dating scene.

References 

Sex toys
Hochfelden is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website of Hochfelden 
 

Municipalities in Bülach
The flag of the US state of Louisiana features the image of a white pelican and her young in a nest on an azure field.

Below the nest on a white banner is the Louisiana state motto in capital letters:  "UNION CONFIDENCE JUSTICE"

United States state flags
Louisiana
Sir Alistair Allan Horne CBE FRSL (9 November 1925 – 25 May 2017) was a British journalist, biographer and historian of Europe, especially of 19th and 20th century France.  He wrote more than 20 books on travel, history, and biography.

Horne worked as a foreign correspondent for The Daily Telegraph from 1952 to 1955. He was the official biographer of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan

Horne died on 25 May 2017 at his Oxfordshire, England home at the age of 91.

Honours and awards
 CBE (1992)
 Knight Bachelor (2003)
 Chevalier, Ordre de la Légion d'honneur (1993)
Fellow, Royal Society of Literature (1968)

References

Other websites
 

1925 births
2017 deaths
Journalists from London
English historians
Writers from London
Thomas Andrew Daschle (born December 9, 1947) is a policy advisor, lobbyist, former U.S. Senator from South Dakota, and former U.S. Senate Majority Leader. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Daschle was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 and served four terms. In 1986, he was elected to the Senate, becoming minority leader in 1994. Defeated for re-election in 2004, he took a position as a policy advisor with a lobbying firm, and also became a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress.  He co-authored a book supporting universal health care.

Daschle was an early supporter of Barack Obama's presidential candidacy, and was nominated by then President-elect Obama for the position of Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services after the 2008 election. However, Daschle withdrew his name on February 3, 2009, amid a growing controversy over his failure to report and pay income taxes accurately.
Daschle is currently working for The Daschle Group, a Public Policy Advisory of Baker Donelson, a large law firm and lobbying group.

References

1947 births
Living people
American lobbyists
United States representatives from South Dakota
United States senators from South Dakota
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
People from Aberdeen, South Dakota
Businesspeople from South Dakota
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Leo Eric Varadkar ( ; born 18 January 1979) is an Irish politician and physician serving as the Leader of Fine Gael since 2017 and Tánaiste since 2020. He was Taoiseach and Minister for Defence from 2017 to 2020. He is the Leader of Fine Gael since June 2017 replacing Enda Kenny. He has served as Minister for Social Protection since May 2016. He has been a Teachta Dála (TD) since 2007 for the Dublin West constituency.

Early career
In 2004 he was co-opted onto Fingal County Council and served as deputy mayor before his election to Dáil Éireann. He was promoted to the Front Bench by Enda Kenny as Spokesperson on Enterprise, Trade and Employment, remaining in this position until a 2010 reshuffle when he became Spokesperson on Communications, Energy and Natural Resources.
After the formation of the Coalition Government in March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport. A cabinet reshuffle in July 2014 saw Varadkar appointed to the position of Minister for Health. During his tenure he became the first openly gay Irish government minister. 

Following the formation of a Fine Gael minority government in May 2016, he was appointed Minister for Social Protection.

Taoiseach

2017 Fine Gael leadership election
After the resignation of Enda Kenny as Leader of Fine Gael in May 2017, Varadkar announced his candidacy for party leader. He faced Minister for Housing Simon Coveney in the Fine Gael leadership election. He won the election on 2 June 2017.

On 14 June, he was nominated as Taoiseach by Dáil Éireann and this nomination was approved by the President of Ireland. Varadkar became Ireland's first openly gay Taoiseach, as well as the youngest and the first of half-Indian descent.
Defeat
On 26 June 2020, it was announced that Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and the Green Party had agreed to form a coalition government, marking the first time the two main Irish parties had formed a government together. As part of the agreement, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin will hold the office of Taoiseach until December 2022, while Varadkar will take the position of Tánaiste. The pair will then swap roles after roughly 2½ years, with Varadkar retaking the position of Taoiseach for the remainder of the coalition's term. Martin is expected to be elected Taoiseach by the Dáil on 27 June.

Personal life
Varadkar is openly gay. He is first openly gay cabinet member in Ireland.

His partner is Matthew Barrett.

References

Other websites

Leo Varadkar's page on the Fine Gael website

1979 births
Living people
Taoisigh of Ireland
LGBT politicians
Members of Fine Gael
Gay men
LGBT rights activists
People from Dublin
Toni Bertorelli (18 March 1948 – 26 May 2017) was an Italian movie and television actor. He performed in over sixty movies from 1971 through 2016. He was born in Barge, Piedmont. His roles in Death of a Neapolitan Mathematician and Marco Tullio Giordana's Who Killed Pasolini? made his popular in Italy. He was known for his role as Annas ben Seth in Mel Gibson's 2004 movie The Passion of the Christ. 

From 2016 until his death, Bertorelli played the role as Cardinal Caltanissetta in the 2016 television series The Young Pope alongside Jude Law and James Cromwell.

Bertorelli died at a hospital in Rome, Italy from complications of pancreatic cancer at the age of 69.

References

Other websites
 

1948 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Italy
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
People from Piedmont
Sulaymaniyah ( Silêmanî; , as-Sulaymāniyyah), also called Slemani,, is a city in Iraqi Kurdistan. Sulaymaniyah is surrounded by the Azmer Range, Goyija Range and the Qaiwan Range in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Sulaymaniyah served as the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850.

The modern city of Sulaymaniyah was founded on 14 November 1784 by the Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban who named it after his father Sulaiman Pasha.

From its foundation Sulaymaniyah has been a center of great poets, writers, historians, politicians, scholars and singers, such as Nalî, Mahwi, and Piramerd.

References

Kurdistan
1784 establishments in Asia
Establishments in Iraq
Iraq
Uri Avnery (, also transliterated Uri Avneri, 10 September 1923 – 20 August 2018) was an Israeli writer and founder of the Gush Shalom peace movement.

Avnery was born as Helmut Ostermann in Beckum, Germany.

Avnery was a member of the Irgun as a teenager, he sat in the Knesset from 1965 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1981. He was also the owner of HaOlam HaZeh, an Israeli news magazine, from 1950 until it closed in 1993.

He was famous for crossing the lines during the Siege of Beirut to meet Yassir Arafat on 3 July 1982, the first time the Palestinian leader ever met with an Israeli. Avnery is the author of several books about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including 1948: A Soldier’s Tale, the Bloody Road to Jerusalem (2008); Israel’s Vicious Circle (2008); and My Friend, the Enemy (1986).

On 4 August 2018, Avnery suffered a stroke and was hospitalized in Tel Aviv in a critical condition. He died on 20 August 2018 at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Uri Avnery's official website
Uri Avnery's weekly article
Obama's trilateral meeting will fail – interview with Radio France Internationale in English, September 2009 
Interview with Uri Avnery  Video Journalism Movement

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Members of the Knesset
German Jews
Israeli activists
Jewish activists
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Israeli journalists
Rance Howard (Harold Rance Beckenholdt; November 17, 1928 – November 25, 2017) was an American actor. He acted in movies and on television. He was the father of actor and filmmaker Ron Howard and actor Clint Howard. He was the grandfather of the actress Bryce Dallas Howard.

Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. He studied at the University of Oklahoma. He changed his name to "Rance Howard" when he became an actor. 

Howard's career began in 1956. He appeared in many movies such as Cool Hand Luke (1967), Chinatown (1974), Ed Wood (1994), Independence Day (1996), A Beautiful Mind (2001), Cinderella Man (2005), Frost/Nixon (2008), and in The Lone Ranger (2013).

Howard was married to Jean Speegle from 1949 until her death in 2000. In 2001, he married Judy Howard. She died in January 2017.

Howard died on November 25, 2017 in Los Angeles, California of heart failure complicated by the West Nile virus at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

Genealogy Wiki 
 Interview May, 2014  in The Oklahoman
1928 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from West Nile virus
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Oklahoma
Henry Tilney is the most important man in the story by Jane Austen called Northanger Abbey.

Henry is said to be the nicest of all Jane Austen's church men (pastors).  He is a good dancer and a good driver. He also talks in an amusing way.

Meeting and marrying Catherine

Henry meets Catherine Morland at a dance, and they get on well. He laughs at her in a kind way.  He is a guide for Catherine, and comes to love her for her honesty.

Henry's father thinks Catherine is rich.  So he invites her to the family home at Northanger Abbey. Henry goes on looking after Catherine there, and they grow close. Then his father orders Catherine out of his house, as he now thinks she is poor.

Henry stands up to his father. He goes to Catherine's home, and asks her to marry him. They have to wait, but at last the father lets them marry.

Related pages
Romance

References

Characters in written fiction
Chyler Leigh West (pronounced ; née Potts; born April 10, 1982), known professionally as Chyler Leigh, is an American actress, singer and model, best known for her portrayals of Janey Briggs in Not Another Teen Movie and Dr. Lexie Grey in the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy. In October, 2015, she began starring in the CBS/CW show Supergirl as Alexandra "Alex" Danvers.

Career

In eighth grade, Leigh started modeling. She soon began acting by appearing in local television commercials and a syndicated teen news show called Hall Pass. In 1999, Leigh and her mother relocated to Los Angeles in order for Leigh to develop a career in acting.
Leigh started acting at an early age and debuted in the film world at age 15 in 1997's Kickboxing Academy. She started hosting in local TV shows and modeling; in 2001, Leigh nabbed the lead role in the box-office success Not Another Teen Movie as Janey Briggs. She also appeared in Marilyn Manson's music video "Tainted Love", a song which appeared in the film. She was ranked #65 on the Maxim Hot 100 Women of 2002. In 2002, Leigh was cast in two short-lived TV series: Girls Club, in which she played lawyer Sarah Mickle, and That '80s Show, in which she played punk rocker June Tuesday. She then became a series regular on the ABC legal drama The Practice. Following that, she joined the cast of Reunion in September, 2005.

In ABC's Grey's Anatomy, Leigh first appeared as a woman in Joe's bar who was noticed by Derek Shepherd while in the third-season finale, it was revealed that she was Lexie Grey. She was made an official series regular for season four, and remained so until the eighth-season finale.
Chyler Leigh also makes music with her husband Nathan West (East of Eli), under the name "WestLeigh". They have performed covers and originals songs. In 2015, for their thirteenth anniversary they wrote "Love Lit The Sky". On Saint Valentine's Day 2017 they released a single "Nowhere" and then she take part in tours.

In October, 2015, she began starring in the CBS/CW show Supergirl as Alexandra "Alex" Danvers.

Personal life

On July 20, 2002, Leigh married fellow actor Nathan West. The couple worked together in 2000 on the television series 7th Heaven, playing Mary Camden's (Jessica Biel) troubled friends Frankie and Johnnie. Leigh and West have three children – a son and two daughters: Noah Wilde (born December 2003), Taelyn Leigh (born September 2006), and Anniston Kae (born May 7, 2009).
Leigh has said that she and her husband have a pact in which the person who guesses the baby's sex correctly gets to choose the name. When pregnant with Noah, she guessed she was having a boy so she chose the first name and Nathan gave him his middle name. For Taelyn, Nathan correctly guessed it was a girl, so he named her. Their third child, also a girl, was guessed correctly by West; he chose the name Anniston Kae.

Leigh is a Christian and credits her faith and a "really awesome church" with giving her and her husband "a reason to live." She also supports The Thirst Project, a non-profit organization in America which aims to bring safe drinking water to communities around the world.

Leigh is best friends with actress and co-star Melissa Benoist and Chyler Leigh's kids call Melissa Benoist "aunt Melissa".

References

Other websites

 
 
 Chyler Leigh Instagram
1982 births
Actors from North Dakota
Singers from North Carolina
Models from North Carolina
Actors from Charlotte, North Carolina
American Christians
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
Haka (Hawaiian pronunciation: Hah-kah) was High Chief of the island of Oahu, in ancient Hawaii.

Life 
Chief Haka was born on Oʻahu to High Chief Kapae-a-Lakona and his wife Wehina. He was a member of the House of Maweke of Tahiti. Haka was married to Kapunawahine. Their son was Kapiko-a-Haka. Kapiko-a-Haka married Ulakiokalani, and they had three daughters: Ka’auiokalani, Kaʻulala and Kamili.

Haka was killed and was succeeded by his relative Maʻilikākahi.

References 

Royalty of Oahu
14th-century births
Neonatal progeroid syndrome, also known as Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome is an autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome. Is characterized by low birth weight an old-born baby appearance, rare hair, elongated nose, unexplained cranial stitches, a characteristic facial dysmorphia associated with fat loss, and mild mental retardation. The disease results from damage to the FBN1 gene.

There have been over 51 cases of NPS. Rarely is the case of adulthood and teenage age, the average life expectancy of NPS is 7 months. The illness syndrome was first described in 1979 as a sickness syndrome by Hans-Rudolf Wiedemann, who previously described two cases of the disease: one in 1966 and another in 1977. Thomas Rautenstrauch in 1977 recognized the syndrome of two siblings as Progeria.

NPS is associated with abnormalities in bone maturation, lipid and metabolism. Is very rare in less than 1 in million births.

Related pages 
 Lizzie Velasquez

References

Syndromes
Birth defects
Eschatology is a branch of Christian theology. At large Eschathology consists on a series of studies on the Ultimate Destiny of Humanity and the Human Soul as it is written in the Holy Bible.

Eschatology is concerned with the final events in history and it's most relevant studies are about Death, Life after Death, Resurrection of the Dead and the Final Judgement.

Etymology: The word Eschatology arises from two Greek notions (eschatos) meaning "last" and (logy) meaning "the a study of", and was first used in English around 1844.
Hofstetten bei Elgg or Hofstetten was a municipality of the district Winterthur in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland.

On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Hofstetten bei Elgg merged into the municipality of Elgg.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Former municipalities of Zürich
Hombrechtikon is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Meilen
Horgen is a city in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It is capital of the district of Horgen.

It is one of the larger towns along the south bank of the Lake Zurich.

On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Hirzel merged into the municipality of Horgen.

Villages 
Dorf, Arn, Horgenberg, Käpfnach, Oberdorf, Sihlbrugg Station, Sihlwald, Tannenbach, Waldegg and Horgen

History 
It is also the type-site of Switzerland's middle Neolithic archaeological culture. The settlement there, the so-called Horgner Kultur (Horgen culture), produced examples of a type of crude pottery with parallels to the Seine-Oise-Marne culture of northern France.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official city website 
 
 
 

Municipalities in Horgen
Cities in Switzerland
August Ferdinand Möbius (17 November 1790 - 26 September 1868) was a German astronomer and mathematician, who taught at the University of Leipzig. He wrote several articles on geometry and astronomy. He introduced concepts such as homogeneous coordinates, or that of Duality in Projective Geometry. He is also seen as one of the fathers of topology, in which his most famous creation is the Möbius strip.

1790 births
1868 deaths
German geometers
Topologists
Saint-Jean-d'Angély is a French commune, a subprefecture in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France. It is in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-d'Angély.

The commune has its historical origins in the Abbey of Saint-Jean-d'Angély.

Geography
Saint-Jean-d'Angély is in the northeast of the Charente-Maritime department, in the old province of Saintonge, along the Boutonne river, a tributary of the Charente river.

The commune of Saint-Jean-d'Angély has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The commune of Saint-Jean-d'Angély is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The climate of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of this city are known, in French, as Angériens (women: Angériennes).

With a population of 7,123, Saint-Jean-d'Angély has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Saint-Jean-d'Angély

Administration 
Saint-Jean-d'Angély is a subprefecture of the Charente-Maritime department, the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-d'Angély and the administrative centre () of the canton of Saint-Jean-d'Angély.

It is part of the intercommunality Vals de Saintonge ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Saint-Jean-d'Angély is twinned with:
  Saint-Sulpice, Quebec, Canada
  New Iberia, Louisiana, United States

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Saint-Jean-d'Angély
 Communes of the Charente-Maritime department

References

Other websites

 Mairie de Saint-Jean-d'Angély website 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Charente-Maritime
Dhanshika is an Indian actress in Tamil movies. Her notable movies include Peranmai (2009), Aravaan (2012), Paradesi (2013), and Kabali (2016).

References 

Living people
1989 births
Tamil actors
Jamal Zahalka, Arab: جمال زحالقة , Hebrew: ג'מאל זחאלקה , (born January 11, 1955 in Kafr Qara) is an Israeli pharmacist and politician. He was political leader of Balad.

Zahalka is an Arab Israeli. He obtained several degrees in pharmacy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, including a PhD.

He was a Member of Knesset from 2003 to 2019. He was also leading the Balad party from 2007 till 2019, due to the flight of Azmi Bishara abroad. From 2015 to 2019 he was a Joint List politician.

Zahalka compares Israeli's policy towards the Palestinian territories with the former apartheid system of South Africa.

References 
 Bio at Knesset Website

1955 births
Living people
Members of the Knesset
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli political leaders
Pharmacists
Pharmacologists
Social democrats
Socialist politicians
Israeli-Arab people
Höri is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Bülach
Humlikon is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Andelfingen
Hüntwangen is a municipality of the district of Bülach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Bülach
Hütten was a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipalities of Hütten and Schönenberg merged into the municipality of Wädenswil.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website of Hütten

Former municipalities of Zürich
Hüttikon is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Dielsdorf
Illnau-Effretikon is a municipality in Pfäffikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. About 16,000 people live there.

History
On 1 January 2016, the former municipality of Kyburg merged into the municipality of Illnau-Effretikon.

Villages
Illnau, Effretikon, Kyburg, Ottikon bei Kemptthal, Bisikon, Agasul, Bietenholz, Bilikon, First, Horben, Kemleten, Luckhausen, Mesikon and Oberkempttal.

Twin towns
  Orlova, Czech Republic
  Grossbottwar, Germany
  Arvigo, Switzerland
  Mont-sur-Rolle, Switzerland

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Pfäffikon
Cities in Switzerland
Kappel am Albis is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Affoltern
The Boutonne is a river of western France that flows through the Deux-Sèvres and Charente-Maritime departments, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is a right tributary of the Charente river.

Geography
The Boutonne has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne in the Charente-Maritime department, at an altitude of .

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne (1969-2017)

Course
The Boutonne starts in the southeast of the Deux-Sèvres department, in the commune of Chef-Boutonne (that is, "Head of the Boutonne"), at an elevation of about .
It flows to the west and, later, to the southwest through the Deux-Sèvres and Charente-Maritime departments before flowing, at almost right angle, into the Charente river in Cabariot at about  of altitude.
 
The Boutonne flows through 1 region (Nouvelle-Aquitaine), 2 departments and 41 communes; they are, from source to mouth:
Deux-Sèvres: Chef-Boutonne (here is the source of the river), Fontenille-Saint-Martin-d'Entraigues, Chérigné, Lusseray, Brioux-sur-Boutonne, Vernoux-sur-Boutonne, Séligné, Brieuil-sur-Chizé, Villefollet, Villiers-sur-Chizé, Chizé, Le Vert (the last commune of Deux-Sèvres in the course of the river).
 Charente-Maritime: Dampierre-sur-Boutonne (the first commune where the Boutonne gets into the department), Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne, Coivert, Blanzay-sur-Boutonne, Saint-Georges-de-Longuepierre, Saint-Martial, Saint-Pierre-de-l'Isle, Nuaillé-sur-Boutonne, Saint-Pardoult, Les Églises-d'Argenteuil, Antezant-la-Chapelle, Vervant, Poursay-Garnaud, Courcelles, Saint-Julien-de-l'Escap, Saint-Jean-d'Angély (main city in the course of the river), Ternant, La Vergne, Voissay, Torxé, Les Nouillers, Tonnay-Boutonne, Puy-du-Lac, Archingeay, Saint-Coutant-le-Grand, Champdolent, Lussant, Cabariot (place where the river flows into the Charente river).
Seven communes have the name of the river in their names: Chef-Boutonne, Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne, Dampierre-sur-Boutonne, Tonnay-Boutonne, Blanzay-sur-Boutonne, Nuaillé-sur-Boutonne, Vernoux-sur-Boutonne.

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Boutonne river are:

Left tributaries:
 Nie - 26 km

Right tributaries:
 Béronne - 29.5 km
 Belle - 25 km
 Trézence - 27.7 km, the main tributary of the Boutonne

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station R6092920 - La Boutonne à Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne  

Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
When an object comes closer to the speed of sound (Mach 1), air pressure changes drastically, and there will be pressure waves around the object. This pressure will rise until the speed of Mach 1 is reached. At this point, it will suddenly decrease, and a sound burst will result. The speed of Mach 1, where this burst happens, is often called sound barrier. Aircraft wings had to be redesigned, so that certain aircraft can fly at speeds faster than Mach 1.

Thermodynamics
Hypersomnia is a medical condition which is characterized by unusual sleepiness. People with hypersomnia easily feel sleepy during the day, and fall asleep. The condition where people wake up often during the night, and have trouble sleeping through the night is called insomnia and is different. Hypersomnia is a sleep disorder. 

Hypersomnia affects about five percent of the population, or about one of twenty people. Very often, people with Sleep apnea suffer from hypersomnia. Hypersomia can also occur with other conditions, such as mood disorders.
If the hypersomnia is caused by a problem with the brain or nervous system, it is called primary hypersomnia. Narcolepsy is an example of a primary hypersomnia. If the hypersomnia is the effect of another condition, it is usually called secondary hypersomnia. Examples of secondary hypersomnias include someone losing consciousness because of epilepsy. Sleep apnea, cited above, is one of the most common forms of secondary hypersomnia. Certain drugs can also cause (secondary) hypersomnias.

Primary hypersomnias are very rare. Secondary hypersomnias are quite common. 

Sleep disorders
The Sacrament of Holy Orders in the Catholic Church includes three orders: bishop, priest, and deacon.

In the phrase “Holy Orders”, the word “holy” means “set apart for some purpose.” The word “order” means a hierarchy or way of organizing people.

Catholicism
Warren Court focused on civil rights and personal rights. This was when Earl Warren served as chief justice for the supreme court from 1953 to 1969. He was appointed by President Eisenhower.
Supreme Court of the United States
The Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (usually called the MBTA or "the T") is Massachusetts' public transportation system.  

The MBTA opened on September 2, 1897.  Its first line, the Green Line, was the first subway in the Western Hemisphere.  At first, it connected only the Boston Public Garden to Park Street Station - about a half-mile walk.

Today, all together, the parts of the MBTA travel 1392 miles each way, every day.p.3

Parts of the MBTA

The MBTA uses many different forms of public transportation to connect most of the parts of Massachusetts.  As of the MBTA's last official report in 2014, there are 295 different MBTA stations in Massachusetts.p.6

Commuter Rail

The Commuter Rail covers more of Massachusetts than any other part of the MBTA.  The Commuter Rail is a fast train, similar to an Amtrak commuter train.  Of all the MBTA's services, the Commuter Rail runs the farthest from Boston.  Because of this, it is also the most expensive.
In the MBTA's color-coding system, Commuter Rail Trains are purple.

As of 2014, there were a total of 138 Commuter Rail stations in Massachusetts.p.7

All Commuter Rail trains start or finish their journeys at one of two stations in Boston: South Station or North Station.

South Station

Commuter Rail trains run to South Station from towns like:
 Plymouth
 Worcester
 Providence, Rhode Island (including a stop at T.F. Green Airport)

When the New England Patriots are playing at home, the MBTA runs special Commuter Rail trains to Gillette Stadium from both South Station and T.F. Green Airport.

Closer to Boston, Commuter Rail trains stop at a few different Boston neighborhoods on their way to South Station, like Back Bay, Jamaica Plain, Hyde Park, and Dorchester.  

Travelers can change to the MBTA's Red Line subway at South Station.

North Station

Commuter Rail trains run to North Station from towns like:
 Salem
 Gloucester
 Lowell
 Waltham (including a stop at Brandeis University)
Closer to Boston, Commuter Rail trains run through towns near Boston, like Cambridge, Chelsea, Medford, Melrose, and Belmont.

Travelers can change to the MBTA's Green or Orange Lines at North Station.

The Subway
The subway runs mostly in Boston and in the towns next to it.  There are five different subway lines, which are color-coded.  Each line runs to a different part of the city.  There are a total of 66 different subway routes in the Boston area.  The lines cross each other at different points throughout the city so people can switch lines when they need to.  A person does not have to pay to switch from one underground subway to another.

Each train runs in one of two directions: Inbound or Outbound.  If a train is traveling toward Downtown Crossing, it is an Inbound train.  If a train is traveling away from Downtown Crossing, it is an Outbound train.

Orange Line
Orange Line

The Orange Line began running in 1901.  At that time, it was the first public transit in Boston that was elevated (on train tracks above the streets, instead of on the streets or underground).

The Orange Line runs from Malden to Jamaica Plain.  It has 19 stops, including stops at Bunker Hill Community College, Tufts Medical Center, Boston's Chinatown, and Haymarket (a famous outdoor food market).

The Orange Line intersects with every other line on the MBTA.  Travelers can change to any color subway or trolley car from the Orange Line.

Red Line

The Red Line was the last of the four subway lines to be built.
Today, the Red Line runs from Cambridge to inner-city Boston.  Important stops include Harvard Square Station; Kendall/MIT Station; Charles/Massachusetts General Hospital; and JFK/UMASS (the stop for the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum and the University of Massachusetts Boston.  The Red Line intersects with the Commuter Rail, and with every other subway except the Blue Line.

The Red Line is the most used subway line on the MBTA.  On average, about 74,450,000 people make trips on the Red Line every year.

Blue Line
The Blue Line was built in 1904 as the world's widest underwater streetcar tunnel.  (The Blue Line travels under the Charles River).  By 1924, the Blue Line had been made into a subway.
Today, the Blue Line runs from Revere and East Boston to a small part of downtown Boston.  It stops at Wonderland, which used to be a greyhound racing track; Suffolk Downs, which still is a horse racing track; Revere Beach; Logan Airport; Government Center, where Boston City Hall is located; and the New England Aquarium.  Free shuttle buses take travelers from the Airport MBTA Station to the terminals in the airport.

The Blue Line is used less than any other MBTA subway line.  About 17,880,000 people make trips on the Blue Line every year - about 76% less than the number of people who use the Red Line each year.

Green Line
Part of the green line is a street trolley.  It runs along train tracks in the middle of Boston's streets.  However, some of the Green Line is a subway (underground).  This part of the Green Line goes from Cambridge to downtown Boston.  The Green Line then splits into five different street trolleys that travel to different neighborhoods around Boston.
Longwood Station on the D line, and the Longwood Medical Area Station on the E line, are within walking distance of multiple world-class hospitals, including Brigham and Women's Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Joslin Clinic for Diabetes, and Boston Children's Hospital.

The Green Line is the second most popular subway line on the MBTA.  The Red Line is used a little more often.

Street Trolleys

There are four different street trolleys.  These Green Line trolleys are called the "B," "C," "D," and "E" trains.  There are many trolley stops on the MBTA - 61 in total.p.7

Each train but the "E" train splits off from the underground subway at Kenmore Station.  This is the station closest to Fenway Park, where the Boston Red Sox play.

 The B line runs to Boston College, passing through Boston University
 The C line runs to Cleveland Circle in Brighton
 The D train runs to Newton
The E train splits off from the underground subway at Copley Station.  Its stops include the Prudential Tower, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Northeastern University, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.  Its last stop is at the VA Medical Center in Jamaica Plain.  It is the only part of the MBTA that runs on tracks in the middle of the street.

Rapid bus lines

The MBTA has 4 rapid transit bus lines with a total of 30 stops.  These are color-coded silver:
SL1 travels from Logan Airport to South Station, stopping at the federal courthouse, World Trade Center, and each terminal at the airport
SL2 travels from the Boston Design Center to South Station.  It stops at the federal courthouse and the World Trade Center on the way.
SL4 travels from Dudley Station to South Station.  Dudley Station is a major station in Roxbury with connections to 16 different buses.  The SL4's other stops include Tufts Medical Center and Chinatown.
SL5 travels from Dudley Station to Downtown Crossing.  Downtown Crossing is a center of public transit in Boston, with connections to the Red, Orange, and Silver Lines, and 15 different buses.  This is the most popular bus route on the MBTA.  About 14,709 people ride this bus every day.

Commuter Boats

The MBTA also includes commuter boat lines:
F1 travels from Rowes Wharf in Boston to Hingham Shipyard in Hingham, Massachusetts
 F2H travels from Hingham, to Hull, Massachusetts, to Logan Airport
 F4 travels from Long Wharf in Boston to Charlestown Navy Yard
 At some times of year, a ferry runs from the New England Aquarium to Lynn and Salem

Buses
The MBTA operates 174 different buses.  Together, these buses travel a total of 745 miles, one way, each day.p.e

The two most commonly used buses on the MBTA both average about 14,000 riders every day:
 The 66 bus, which runs from Harvard Square to Dudley Station
 The 39 bus, which runs from Forest Hills (Jamaica Plain) to Back Bay

Summary
This table gives a summary of the different parts of the MBTA:

Criticism

Safety
Criticism

Safety

Some travelers have brought up concerns about safety on the MBTA.  In a 2011 article, Boston Magazine's Jason Schwartz described serious concerns about safety issues on the MBTA - like train fires, and crucial safety issues which he said the MBTA had not addressed.  He wrote: "The system is broke, broken, and about to get a whole lot worse.  No one on Beacon Hill [in the Massachusetts government] wants to address any of this ... History shows that it takes a tragedy - deaths - to fix something as basic as infrastructure.  Hopefully Massachusetts won't wait for that."

In 2014, Robert Murch, a "world-renowned Ouija board" expert, joked that he is more afraid of taking the Red Line than he is of ghosts.
The MBTA has put many programs into place to help prevent crime and terrorism on the MBTA.  The latest report published by the MBTA Transit Police compared crime rates in 2014 and 2015.  Between 2014 and 2015, there was about a 7% increase in crimes on the MBTA.  In 2014, there were 946 reported crimes on the MBTA.  In 2015, there were 1009.  Since over 380,900,000 people ride the MBTA each year, this means that about 0.0003% of travelers were victims of a crime while riding the MBTA in 2015.  Most of these crimes were larceny, robbery, or assault.

Convenience
Convenience

Some Boston residents have criticized the slowness of the trains, especially the Green Line trolleys.  Kyle Scott Clauss, the author of The Curmudgeon's Guide to the MBTA, writes: "The C branch [of the Green Line] essentially functions as a sort of moving sidewalk leading to and from the Trader Joe's in Coolidge Corner.  It was where Kenyan runner Rita Jeptoo memorably cruised past a Green Line trolley on her way to a first-place finish in the 2014 Boston Marathon."

2015 Blizzards
2015 Blizzards

The MBTA experienced a major crisis in winter of 2015.  This was the snowiest winter in Boston's history, with six weeks of blizzards and heavy snowstorms.  In February alone, 64.8 inches of snow fell in Boston.  The MBTA's train tracks were so frozen and covered with snow that the trains could not drive.  Kyle Scott Clauss of "The Curmudgeon's Guide to the MBTA" joked that "During the Snowpocalpyse of 2015 ... the T's newly installed countdown clocks all read "NOW I AM BECOME DEATH" and workers had to literally set the rails ablaze to keep them from freezing...."

The General Manager of the MBTA, Beverly Scott, shut down all rail service (all trains and trolleys) for over 36 hours.  The MBTA had to hire hundreds of workers to shovel snow and chip ice off the tracks.  On February 11, Scott announced that she would resign from her job, as of April 11, 2015.

References

Public transport in the United States
Transport in Massachusetts
Donald "Don" Robinson (4 June 1932  – 27 May 2017) was an English professional Rugby League World Cup winning footballer. He played in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, playing at representative level for Great Britain, England, Yorkshire, and Rugby League XIII, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (captain) (Heritage № 584), and Leeds.

References

Other websites
England Statistics at englandrl.co.uk 
Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk 
Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org
Floodlit feast at Odsal 

1932 births
2017 deaths
English rugby union players
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
Saucy Sylvia (Sylvia Cadeski; July 27, 1920 – May 25, 2017) was a Canadian-born American comedian, classically trained pianist, singer, and radio personality. She was born in Owen Sound, Ontario. In the 1940s and the 1950s, she hosted The Sylvia Show on radio. 

Sylvia died at her home in Newport, Rhode Island from complications of pneumonia on May 25, 2017 at the age of 96.

References

Other websites
Sex is the thing that started it all
0069
Saucy Sylvia's Official Website

1920 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Rhode Island
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Canadian comedians
Canadian radio personalities
Singers from Ontario
Musicians from Ontario
Comedians from Rhode Island
American pianists
American radio personalities
Singers from Rhode Island
Benjamin Franklin "Frank" Deford III (December 16, 1938 – May 28, 2017) was an American sportswriter, novelist and health activist. Over his 40 year career, he was a regular sports commentator on NPR's Morning Edition radio program (from 1980 to 2017).

Deford was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied at Princeton University. He was married to Carol Penner until his death in 2017. They had three children.

Deford wrote for Sports Illustrated magazine from 1962 until his death in 2017, and was a correspondent for the Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel television program on HBO.  He wrote 18 books, nine of them novels such as Everybody's All-American (1981).

Deford died on May 28, 2017, at the age of 78, at his home in Key West, Florida.

References

Other websites

 Frank Deford Archive at SI
 Frank Deford's Insider Archive also at SI
 
 Frank Deford, NPR Biography
 Frank Deford articles at Byliner
 Frank Deford  at Yahoo!
1938 births
2017 deaths
American journalists
American novelists
American radio personalities
American activists
Writers from Baltimore
Writers from Florida
Chicago Transit Authority, also known as CTA, is the operator of mass transit in Chicago, Illinois and some of its surrounding suburbs, including the trains of the Chicago "L" and CTA bus service.

The CTA is an Illinois independent governmental agency that started operations on October 1, 1947 upon the purchase and combination of the transportation assets of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines streetcar system. In 1952, CTA purchased the assets of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, which was under the control of Yellow Cab Company founder John D. Hertz, resulting in a fully unified system. 

Today, the CTA is one of the three service boards financially supported by the Regional Transportation Authority.

References

Other websites
 

Transport in Chicago
1947 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in Illinois
The Red Line, sometimes known as the Howard-Dan Ryan Line or the North-South Line, is a rapid transit line in Chicago, run by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) as part of the Chicago "L" system. It is the busiest line on the "L" system, with an average of 251,813 passengers boarding each weekday in 2012. The route is  long with a total of 33 stations, from Howard station in Rogers Park on the north side, through the State Street subway and to 95th/Dan Ryan in Roseland on the south side. 

Like the Blue Line, the Red Line runs 24 hours a day, 365 days a year; it is one of only five mass-transit rail systems in the United States to do so (the others being the PATCO Speedline, Staten Island Railway, the PATH lines, and the New York City Subway).

References

Transport in Chicago
1900 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Illinois
People in Ancient Rome had certain rights depending on who they were. Some were citizens, and had rights that non-citizens did not have. The rights available to individual citizens of Rome varied over time, according to their place of origin and their service to the state. They also varied under Roman law according to the classification of the individual within the state. Various legal classes were defined by the various combinations of legal rights that each class enjoyed. 

Client state citizens and allies (socii) of Rome could receive a limited form of Roman citizenship such as the Latin Right. Such citizens could not vote or be elected in Roman elections. Slaves were considered property, not legal persons and unable to be citizens. Over time, they acquired a few protections under Roman law. 

Rights available to citizens under Roman law addressed included:

Ius suffragiorum: The right to vote in the Roman assemblies.
Ius gentium: The legal recognition, developed in the 3rd century BC, of the growing international scope of Roman affairs, and the need for Roman law to deal with situations between Roman citizens and foreign persons. The ius gentium was therefore a Roman legal codification of the widely accepted international law of the time, and was based on the highly developed commercial law of the Greek city-states and of other maritime powers. The rights afforded by the ius gentium were considered to be held by all persons; it is thus a concept of human rights rather than rights attached to citizenship.

Ius conubii: The right to have a lawful marriage with a Roman citizen according to Roman principles, to have the legal rights of the paterfamilias over the family, and for the children of any such marriage to be counted as Roman citizens.
Ius migrationis: The right to preserve one's level of citizenship upon relocation to a polis of comparable status. For example, members of the cives Romani (see below) maintained their full civitas when they migrated to a Roman colony with full rights under the law: a colonia civium Romanorum. Latins also had this right, and maintained their ius Latii if they relocated to a different Latin state or Latin colony (Latina colonia). This right did not preserve one's level of citizenship should one relocate to a colony of lesser legal status; full Roman citizens relocating to a Latina colonia were reduced to the level of the ius Latii, and such a migration and reduction in status had to be a voluntary act.

The right of immunity from some taxes and other legal obligations, especially local rules and regulations. 

The right to sue in the courts and the right to be sued. 

The right to have a legal trial (to appear before a proper court and to defend oneself).
The toga was the characteristic garment of the rich Roman male citizen, and statues of emperors (here Antoninus Pius) frequently depict them togate (togatus).

Ancient Rome
The Orange Line, is a rapid transit line in Chicago, Illinois run by the Chicago Transit Authority as part of the "L" system. It is about  long and runs at grade and elevated on existing railroad embankments and new concrete and steel structures from Midway International Airport, the Southwest Side and downtown Chicago. In September 2012, the average weekday boardings on the Orange Line were 63,037. The Orange Line operates between Midway Airport and the Loop, weekdays from 4:00 a.m. to 1:25 a.m., and Saturdays and Sundays from 4:30 a.m. to 1:25 a.m.

Other websites
 Orange Line at CTA official site
Orange Line extension plan

Transport in Chicago
1993 establishments in Illinois