Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Following her husband's diagnosis and death, Nancy became a stem-cell research advocate. She urged Congress and President George W. Bush to support federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. President Bush opposed the idea. In 2009, she praised President Barack Obama for lifting restrictions on such research. Mrs. Reagan has said that she believes that it could lead to a cure for Alzheimer's.

Death
Reagan died on March 6, 2016 in her home in Bel Air, Los Angeles. She died of congestive heart failure. Reagan was aged 94. She was buried next to her husband at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library on March 11.
In popular culture
She is played by Jane Fonda in the 2013 movie The Butler. Alan Rickman plays her husband Ronald.
Mission of Burma's 2006 album, The Obliterati, has a song named "Nancy Reagan's Head". The song has this line: "I'm haunted by the freakish size of Nancy Reagan's head / no way that thing came with that body."
Sun City Girls is a group of singers. In 1987 they released an album, Horse Cock Phepner. The album had a song named "Nancy Reagan".

References

Other websites 

White House profile 

1921 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Chicago
Actors from New York City
American activists
American movie actors
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Deaths from congestive heart failure
First Ladies of the United States
 
Reagan family
Philanthropists from Chicago
Furniture is the word that means all the things like chairs, tables, cupboards, beds and bookcases, etc. 

In other words, furniture are all the things that are in the house and that people can use to sit, to lie on or that are supposed to contain smaller things like cloths or cups. Furniture is made of wood, particle boards, leather, screws etc.

Different rooms have different furniture for different purposes. Offices have office furniture such as desks and office chairs. Dining rooms have a table and dining chairs. Theaters and classrooms have rows of seats facing forward.

Bedroom furniture includes a bed covered by sheets, a bedspread and maybe a blanket and pillow . Next to the bed is the nightstand or night table. A lamp may be on the nightstand. The dresser has drawers for clothes. On top of a dresser may be a mirror.
Etymology 
The time period "fixtures" reveals its roots withinside the Latin language. It is derived from the Latin word "furnitūra," which means "equipment" or "apparatus." The word "furnitūra" itself is a by-product of the Latin verb "furnīre," which means "to equip" or "to provide." Over time, the means of "fixtures" advanced to embody a broader variety of gadgets associated with equipping and furnishing dwelling areas. It got here to indicate movable gadgets and add-ons that decorate the capability and luxury of home environments. The time period "fixtures" first seemed withinside the English language withinside the sixteenth century.
The concept of furniture was first developed as early as 3100-2500 B.C. The first items created for household use were made of stone, as wood was not readily available during the Neolithic time period. Dressers, cupboards, and beds were among the first forms of furniture. One particular issue of fixtures is their capacity to form and replicate cultural and ancient narratives via design. Furniture serves as a visible illustration of the winning aesthetics, societal values, and technological improvements of a selected technology or culture. Each piece of fixture holds a tale inside its design, materials, and craftsmanship. From the ornate carvings and gilded gildings of Rococo fixtures in 18th-century Europe to the glossy traces and minimalist kinds of mid-century cutting-edge pieces, fixtures offer a tangible connection to the artistic, social, and technological tendencies of its time. Furthermore, fixtures frequently embody the cultural identity of a selected area or community
. Traditional fixtures and patterns may be deeply rooted withinside the records and customs of a selected culture, reflecting particular craftsmanship techniques, symbolic motifs, and indigenous materials. For instance, the difficult lattice paintings of Moroccan Mashrabiya monitors or the stylish simplicity of Japanese shoji monitors now no longer handiest serve practical functions but additionally encapsulate the cultural history of their respective societies. Moreover, fixtures can act as a medium for self-expression and private identification. People frequently pick fixtures that align with their character tastes and preferences, reflecting their lifestyle, values, and aesthetics. This personalization of fixtures permits people to create particular residing areas that resonate with their very own identities and aspirations. By analyzing fixtures as greater than simply practical objects, we are able to benefit from insights into the ancient, cultural, and private dimensions of human experience
. From the grand palaces and stately houses to humble dwellings and modern-day interiors, fixtures stay an effective device for storytelling, connecting us to our past, present, and future. The dresser was said to be the most important piece of furniture in the beginning, as they faced the entrance of each house in Neolithic society and often displayed carved artwork of symbolic objects. Over the years, especially in modern years, the concept of functional furniture in households exploded while keeping the artwork aspect that was displayed in the Neolithic period. This has made way for pieces in our culture that are both functional to our everyday lives and also a form of artwork that is pleasant to look at. The basic design of most furniture has remained the same for the most part though material and stability have become stronger and longer lasting with more of a focus on comfort and luxury in our modern lives.
Related pages 
 Cabinet making

References

Furniture
Rhythm refers to the length of time between each major "beat", or accent, such as in a piece of music. It is the sequence of sounds and silences which make up the rhythm. The first beat of a group of regular, evenly spaced beats usually feels stronger than the others.  When we write music down, we put each group in bars (or “measures”). 

Rhythms can have different patterns which can be clapped or tapped.  In Western music, these patterns are common:  
1 2, 1 2
1 2 3, 1 2 3
1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 4.

A conductor will beat time.  The rhythm will fit in to this regular beat.

All musicians have to have a good sense of rhythm.  To play or sing rhythmically they must keep a steady beat in their head (if playing alone), listen to the others players (if playing in groups) or watch the conductor (if there is one).
People who are playing on their own can practise with a metronome to help them to play to a steady beat.  However, musicians also use rubato (rhythmic freedom), especially when playing music of a romantic nature.  One has to learn to let the music “breathe” in the right way.  This is not the same as playing unrhythmically (badly).  It is something one learns with experience.

Feeling the rhythm in music is basically human.  A person who has a stroke may lose language, but not the sense of rhythm.  Neurologist Oliver Sacks says that chimpanzees and other animals do not have a sense of rhythm.

Other uses 

The word rhythm is used in other topics than music.  The heart usually beats rhythmically, and when it does not, that is a sign of a health problem.  Rhythms may be about much longer time periods than a bar of music.  Everything living is rhythmic relating to the 24-hour light-dark cycle on earth.  The moon has its rhythms and the tides have theirs.
Sometimes the word rhythm is used in a more general sense to mean the general flow of music or of life in general ("the rhythm of life").

Notes 

Basic English 850 words
Music theory
If something is necessary, it is very important, otherwise something will be impossible, or it will not work as it should do.  The opposite is unnecessary.

To travel from Europe to America it is necessary to cross the ocean.
A car is necessary for my work.  I can not do my work without a car.
There is no need to do that.  It is quite unnecessary.

Something that is necessary is a necessity.
The "bare necessities of life" are things like food, clothes and shelter (things you need to keep alive).

Basic English 850 words
Inheritance is the practice of passing on property, titles, debts, and duties when someone dies. Those things usually go to family members. People have had laws about inheritance for thousands of years. The question is often settled in a will.

If only sons and other male family members get the inheritance, it is called patrilineal inheritence. If only daughters and other female family members get the inheritance, it is called matrilineal succession. In some cases inheritance depends on legitimacy.

Cultural inheritance is called legacy. Genetic inheritance is called heredity. A kingdom may be inherited, and the person who is expected to inherit is called the heir apparent.

The person who gets the property and other things when someone dies is called the heir (male) or heiress (female).

Inheritance tax is a tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of someone who has died.

Death customs
Property law
All the letters in the alphabet are either consonants or vowels. A consonant is a speech sound in which the air is at least partly blocked, and any letter which represents this. Consonants may come singily (by themselves) or in clusters (two or more together), but must be connected to a vowel to form a syllable.

Notice that the consonant (C) and vowel (V) notation does not match the letters of English spelling in a one-to-one relationship (e.g. 'th' is one sound), but rather individual sounds.

Words with single consonants include:
 Go (CV), which has one consonant and one vowel in that order
 On (VC), which has one vowel and one consonant in that order
 Ton (CVC), which has a consonant, a vowel, and another consonant in that order
Words with consonant clusters include:
 Pro (CCV), which has two consonants in-a-row and one vowel afterwards
 Old (VCC), which has one vowel and two consonants in-a-row afterwards 
 Spree (CCCV), which has three consonants in-a-row and one vowel afterwards
 Arcs (VCCC), which has one vowel and three consonants in-a-row afterwards
 Strengths (CCCVCCCCC), which has three consonants in-a-row, one vowel afterwards, and finally five consonants in a row

Consonants have friction when they are spoken, mostly using the position of the tongue against the lips, teeth and roof of the mouth. b and p are plosives, using the lips to produce a tiny sharp sound. Phonetics texts give more details, with diagrams. Consonants may be voiced or unvoiced. The th in the is voiced, but in breath is not.
There are 21 consonant letters in English, for 24 consonant sounds in most English accents.p242 Because of the history of the English language, there is no neat one-to-one relationship between letter and sound. th and ch each stand for a single sound, and x in fox stands for two sounds (ks). All these letters are consonants:
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, (sometimes Y), and Z. "Y" is often used as a consonant, but it is sometimes used as a vowel. For example, in the word yellow, y is a consonant. But in the word happy, y is a vowel.

The rest of the letters of the alphabet are called vowels. Vowels are underdone, for there are about 20 vowel sounds in most English accents.p237 The vowels are:
A, E, I, O, U (and sometimes Y)

References
A vowel is a particular kind of speech sound made by changing the shape of the upper vocal tract, or the area in the mouth above the tongue. In English it is important to know that there is a difference between a vowel sound and a [letter] in the [alphabet]. In English there are five vowel letters in the alphabet.

The sounds of American English are written with letters in the English alphabet, as either vowels or consonants. All English words are written with vowel letters in them.

These letters are vowels in English:
A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes W and Y.

It is said that Y is "sometimes" a vowel, because the letter Y represents both vowel and consonant sounds. In the words cry, sky, fly, my and why, letter Y represents the vowel sound /aɪ/. In words like myth and synchronize, Y represents the vowel sound /ɪ/. In words like only, quickly, and folly, Y represents the vowel sound /i/.
It can also be a consonant sound called a glide as in the beginning of these words: yellow, yacht, yam, yesterday. Y is a consonant about 2.5% of the time, and a vowel about 97.5% of the time.

The letter W can sometimes be the second part of a vowel sound as in words like such as cow, bow, or how. In these words the vowel has the sound of /aʊ/. The letter W can be used as a consonant sound at the beginning of in the words when, where, wet. In some languages, like Welsh, the letter W represents the vowel sound /ʊ/, like cwm (a kind of valley).

In written English the six vowel letters are used to represent the 13-15 vowel sounds (depending on the variety) in English. This means there are many more vowel sounds than letters in the English alphabet, and the English spelling systems doesn't always help us figure out what the English sounds are. This can be confusing.
 The rest of the letters of the alphabet are consonants:
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, and Z.
Monophthongs and diphthongs 
Simple vowels are called monophthongs. The letters, like /ɪ/, are the IPA letters for each vowel sound in English. (The IPA is the International Phonetic Alphabet). In the IPA, each symbol represents a different sound, so using the IPA is helpful in pronouncing words.

Common monophthongs in English (these are for General American English) include:
 /i/ as in police, feet, eat, and silly
 /ɪ/ as in it, sit, kick, myth and bitter
 /ɛ/ as in end, bet, less, and letter
 /æ/ as in at, apple, fat, and matter
 /u/ as in cool, tune, soup, and kung fu, 
 /ʊ/ as in cook, should, pudding, foot, and rook
 /ʌ/ as in bus, blood, come, and up
 /ə/ as in kingdom, photography, philosophy, ketchup, and hundred
 /ɚ/ as in butter, collar, flavor, firm, and burst
 /ɔ/ as in all, fought, hot, and bot
 /ɑ/ as in father, walk, arm, heart, wasp, lager, envelope and aardvark
Diphthongs are a combination of two different vowel sounds, one vowel sounds turns into another sound as you say them. If you pronounce the words below slowly, you can hear the two vowel sounds of the diphthongs.

Common diphthongs in English include:
 /eɪ/ as in ate, reign, vain, flavor, slay, and convey
 /oʊ/ as in toe, row, go, boat, mode, and chateau
 /aɪ/ as in eye, I, pie, cry, cypher, climb, lime, light, kayak, Thai, and height
 /aʊ/ as in loud, house, cow, about, Daoism, and Macau
 /oɪ/ as in boy, moist, and Freud

Like other languages, there are many dialects of English, and different dialects often use different vowel sounds. But the IPA symbols can tell us which vowel sound a dialects uses. For example, some American English speakers differentiate between the vowels in the words cot and caught, while in other dialects these words are homophones. People who study the differences between the dialects of English often study the different way vowel sounds are pronounced.
The difference between the way English is spelled and the way the words are pronounced came about because all languages change, so spoken English changes, but the spelling system does not.

The study of speech sounds is called phonetics.

Related pages 
 Orthography
 Dialect
 Diphthong

References
FC United are an English football team. They are from Manchester and were formed in 2005 by fans when Malcolm Glazer bought Manchester United.

FC United of Manchester play their home matches at Broadhurst Park, Moston, Manchester. They play in the National League North. They have a First team, Reserve team, Under-18s team, and Women's team.

Other websites 
FC United of Manchester official website 

2005 establishments in England
Football clubs in Greater Manchester
A metronome is a small device that can be used by people who are practising instruments to help them to play in time. It is also something a composer can use to show the performer what speed to play.

A traditional metronome works by clockwork. It has a pendulum which makes a loud tick as it goes to and fro, like the pendulum of a grandfather clock. It has to be wound up after a few minutes of ticking. There is a weight on the pendulum which can be slid up or down and set to a particular speed. There are numbers on the metronome to which you can set it. These numbers mean the number of ticks per minutes. A speed of 60 will make it tick 60 times a minute (i.e. every second). The numbers usually go from 40 (slow) to 208 (very fast). Nowadays many people use electronic metronomes. These are very accurate, do not need to be wound and often have other helpful things like an A to tune to (see musical tuning). Some of them are hardly bigger than a credit card.
The metronome was invented by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in Amsterdam in 1812. A man called Johann Maelzel copied Winkel’s ideas and improved them. He made a small, portable metronome which was patented in 1816. 

The metronome made it possible for a composer to show the performer what speed he wanted. If the composer writes at the top of his music: Crotchet (quarter note) = 76, for example, then the metronome can be set at 76 and it will tick at the right speed for that piece of music. Sometimes they write "MM76". The "MM" stands for "Maelzel's Metronome". Beethoven was the first composer to use metronome markings, but he often gave very fast speed indications, and some people wonder whether he made mistakes or whether his metronome worked properly.

Related pages
 Beat (music)
 Rhythm

Musical equipment
Lübeck (, Lübeek; adjective: lübsch, lübisch, at the latest since the 19th century also Lübeck, ) is a city in the North of Germany, in the state of Schleswig-Holstein.
About 210,000 people live there. There is a university there.

The city's full name is Hansestadt Lübeck (Hanseatic city of Lubeck) in memory of its history. It was an important part in the Hanseatic League. The architecture of the city and the region as well is influenced by this historic period. As the Free City of Lübeck, the city was a state of the Weimar Republic. Other Hanseatic cities today are: Hamburg, Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Bremen, Greifswald and Demmin.

The most famous citizen is the author Günter Grass. He won the Nobel Prize in literature.

Luebeck has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).

References

Other websites

Former states in Germany
Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea
Ports and harbours of Germany
Imperial free cities
Weimar is a city in the middle of Germany, in the state of Thuringia. About 60,000 people live there. It has a university.

Most famous citizens in the past were the German poets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller.

The city is well known for the Weimar Republic. It was founded in Weimar in 1919.

References

Other websites

Cities in Thuringia
Urban Districts of Thuringia
 
Weimar Republic
Augsburg ( ,  , ; ) is a city in the South of Germany, in the state of Bavaria. It has about 272,000 inhabitants and a university. It was founded in the Roman age. In the time of Renaissance (after the Middle Ages) a family of bankers, the Fuggers, became very rich and powerful in Augsburg.

The Protestant Augsburg Confession was made in 1530.

In 1555, a peace agreement called The Peace of Augsburg between Catholics and Protestants was signed in Augsburg.

Augsburg has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

References

Other websites
Münster (Münster dialect: Mönster, Dutch: Munster, Frisian: Múnster, , () is the historical capital of Westphalia and belongs now to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

About 270,000 people live there. There is an airport and a university.

Münster was very powerful in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Westphalian Peace was signed in Münster.

References

Other websites
Nuremberg (/ˈnjʊərəmbɜːrɡ/ NEWR-əm-burg;  [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]; East Franconian: Närmberch [ˈnɛrmbɛrç]) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in Middle Franconia. It is on the river Pegnitz and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and is Franconia's largest city. It is about  north of Munich. As of June 2017, 530,771 people lived there.

History

Middle Ages 
From 1050 to 1571, the city became very important because it was on key trade routes. Many of the parliaments of the Holy Roman Empire (called the Reichstage) met at Nuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire. In 1219, Nuremberg became an Imperial Free City under Emperor Frederick II. This meant it was ruled by the Emperor, not one of the local lords or princes. It also meant that Nuremberg had a seat in the Imperial Parliament.
In 1298 there was a big pogrom. Nearly 700 Jews were killed. The Jews lived near the river, and by getting rid of the Jews the northern and southern parts of the city could be linked together. This area is now the place of the City Market, Frauenkirche and Rathaus (City Hall).

Early modern age 

In 1532, the Peace of Nuremberg, gave Lutherans important concessions. In 1632 during the Thirty Years' War, the Imperial general Albrecht von Wallenstein besieged King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in the Siege of Nuremberg. The city became less important after this war, and only recovered in the nineteenth century, when it grew as an industrial centre.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century Nuremberg was practically bankrupt. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, and Nuremberg became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria, and Bavaria took over the city's debts. The first German railway, from Nuremberg to nearby Fürth, was opened in 1835.

Nazi period
Nazi period 

Nuremberg was very important during the Nazi Germany period. The Nazi Party held huge Nazi Party conventions – the Nuremberg rallies in the city.

The rallies were held every year from 1927 to 1938 in Nuremberg. After Hitler's rise to power in 1933 the Nuremberg rallies became huge state propaganda events, and a centre of anti-Semitism and other Nazi ideas. At one rally, Hitler passed the anti-Semitic (anti Jewish) Nuremberg Laws which took German citizenship away from all Jews. A number of buildings were built for the rallies, some of which were not finished.

Today many examples of Nazi architecture can still be seen in the city. The city was also the home of the Nazi propagandist Julius Streicher, the publisher of Der Stürmer.
During World War II, Nuremberg was the headquarters of Wehrkreis (military district) XIII, and an important site for military production, including airplanes, submarines, and tank engines. A subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp was here. A lot of the factories used slave labour.

The city was badly damaged in bombing World War II, especially between 1943 and 1945. On January 2, 1945, the medieval city centre was bombed by the Royal Air Force and the U.S. Air Force and about ninety percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1800 residents killed and roughly 100,000 left homeless. In February 1945, more attacks followed. In total, about 6000 Nuremberg residents are estimated to have been killed in air raids. Despite this, the city was rebuilt after the war and was to some extent, restored to its pre-war appearance including the reconstruction of some of its medieval buildings.
Between 1945 and 1946, German officials involved in the Holocaust and other war crimes were taken in front of the International Military Tribunal in the Nuremberg Trials. The Soviet Union had wanted the trials to take place in Berlin, but Nuremberg was chosen as the site for the trials for specific reasons:
 It was in the American occupation zone
 The Nuremberg Palace of Justice was big and only damaged a little by the Allied bombing of Germany. A large prison was also part of the complex.
 The city had been the location of the Nazi party's Nuremberg rallies, so there was symbolic value in having the trials to prosecute Nazism there.
 As a compromise, Berlin was the permanent seat of the International Military Tribunal and that the first trial (several were planned) would take place in Nuremberg. Because of the Cold War, there were no subsequent trials.

The same courtroom in Nuremberg was the venue of the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, organised by the United States as occupying power in the area.
Economy 
Nuremberg city has 501,000 people. As of 2005, the urban area had 763,000 people (about 822,000 people as of 2008). Nuremberg metropolitan area has 1,205,000 people. Nuremberg is still associated with gingerbread (Lebkuchen) products, sausages, and handmade toys. The first pocket watches, called Nuremberg eggs, were made there in the sixteenth century. In the nineteenth century Nuremberg became the "industrial heart" of Bavaria with companies such as Siemens and MAN.

Things made in the area include electrical equipment, mechanical and optical products, motor vehicles, and printed materials.

Siemens is still the largest industrial employer in the Nuremberg region but a third of German market research agencies is also in the city.

The Nuremberg International Toy Fair is the largest of its kind in the world. The city also hosts several specialist hi-tech fairs every year, attracting experts from every corner of the glob

Culture
Culture 

Nuremberg was an early center of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention.

The city contributed much to the science of astronomy. In 1471 Johannes Mueller of Königsberg (Bavaria), later called Regiomontanus, built an astronomical observatory in Nuremberg and published many important astronomical charts. In 1515, Albrecht Dürer, a native of Nuremberg, mapped the stars of the northern and southern hemispheres, producing the first printed star charts, which had been ordered by Johann Stabius. Around 1515 Dürer also published the "Stabiussche Weltkarte", the first perspective drawing of the terrestrial globe. Perhaps most famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus' work was published in Nuremberg in 1543.
Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce books that could also be considered works of art. In 1470 Anton Koberger opened Europe's first print shop in Nuremberg. In 1493, he published the Nuremberg Chronicles, also known as the World Chronicles (Schedelsche Weltchronik), an illustrated history of the world from the creation to the present day. It was written in the local Franconian dialect by Hartmann Schedel and had illustrations by Michael Wohlgemuth, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, and Albrecht Dürer. Others furthered geographical knowledge and travel by map making. Notable among these was navigator and geographer Martin Behaim, who made the first world globe.

Sculptors such as Veit Stoss and Peter Vischer are also associated with Nuremberg.
Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the Meistersingers flourished here. Richard Wagner made their most famous member, Hans Sachs, the hero of his opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel was born here and was organist of Saint Sebald church.

Nuremberg is also famous for its Christmas market, which draws well over a million shoppers each year.

Main sights
The southern part of the old town, known as Lorenzer Seite, is separated from the north by the river Pegnitz and surrounded by the city walls on the south.
 Nuremberg Castle: the three castles that tower over the city including central burgraves' castle, with Free Reich's buildings to the east, the Imperial castle to the west.
 Heilig-Geist-Spital. The Hospital of the Holy Spirit in the centre of the city was founded in 1332. It was one of the largest hospitals of the Middle Ages. Now it houses an old-folks' home and restaurant.
 Hauptmarkt, which provides a picturesque setting and famous market for gingerbread. Nuremberg's star attraction is the Gothic Schöner Brunnen (Beautiful Fountain) which was built around 1385. Now it is a copy, the original fountain is kept in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, the German National Museum.
The Johannisfriedhof is a medieval cemetery, containing many old graves (Albrecht Dürer, Willibald Pirckheimer, and others). The Rochusfriedhof or the Wöhrder Kirchhof are near the Old Town.
 There is also a medieval market just inside the city walls, selling handcrafted goods.
 The German National Railways Museum  is also in Nuremberg.
 The Nuremberg Ring (now welded within an iron fence) is said to bring good luck to those that touch it.
Transportation

Railways 

Nuremberg was the first city in Germany to have a railway, and today Nuremberg Central Station is a stop for IC and ICE trains on the German long-distance railway network. Trains on the Nuremberg – Ingolstadt – Munich High-Speed line travel at up to 300-km/h. The line opened on May 28, 2006. It meant travel times to Munich were reduced to as little as one hour.

Public Transportation 
In Nuremberg there are subways, suburban trains, trams and buses.

Sports clubs 
 1. F.C. Nuremberg
 SpVgg Greuther Fürth (not really a club from Nuremberg as Fürth is a rural town of its own)
 Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers - Local professional hockey club.
Sister cities 
Worldwide, Nuremberg is twinned with the following cities:
  Nice, since 1954
  Kraków, since 1979
  Skopje, since 1982
  Glasgow, since 1985
  San Carlos, since 1985
  Gera, since 1988, renewed 1997
  Prague, since 1990
  Kharkiv, since 1990
  Hadera, since 1995
  Shenzhen, since 1997 (This is why Shenzhen set up its European Contact Agency in Nuremberg)
  Antalya,  since 1997
  Kavala, since 1998
  Atlanta, since 1998
  Venice, since 1999
  Rotterdam

Famous citizens 
 Alexander Schreiner organist, Mormon Tabernacle.
 Chaya Arbel (Israeli composer)
 Kaspar Hauser
 Hans Behaim the Elder
 Peter Bucher
 Albrecht Dürer
 Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
 Hermann Kesten (writer)
 Adam Kraft (sculptor and architect)
 Anton Koberger
 Max Morlock
 Conrad Paumann
 Hans Sachs
 Hartmann Schedel
 Veít Stoß
 Peter Vischer the Elder
 Johann Philipp von Wurzelbauer
 Johann Pachelbel
 Kunz Lochner
Related pages 
 Nuremberg Trials
 Nuremberg Rally
 Nürnberger Bratwürste
 Lebkuchen (gingerbread, specialty of Nuremberg)
 Leni Riefenstahl
 List of mayors of Nuremberg
 Nuremberg Underground

References

Other websites 

 English website of the city
 Nuremberg City Panoramas - Panoramic Views and virtual Tours
 Carnival's Schembart run turns Nuremberg into a medieval city again 
 Nuremberg by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
 more Nuremberg Panoramas
 Architecture of Nuremberg 
 Nuremberg
 Tramway in Nuremberg
 Article at jewishencyclopedia.com
 "nuremberg") 49 digitized objects on Nuremberg in The European Library

 
Imperial free cities
The military–industrial complex refers to the relationship between the government, the military, and the businesses that make things for the military. For example, the businesses can give money to politicians in elections.  Then, politicians give more money to the military.  Then, the military buys things from the businesses.  Each group gains something, so they try to keep doing the same thing.

The term was invented in the United States.  However, most countries have politicians and soldiers and people who make weapons and other military supplies; thus they have a military-industrial complex.

When there is a military-industrial complex, problems can happen.  The government can become corrupt.  A business might want the country to be at war because they make more money during war than during times of peace.
Where the term came from
President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower used the term in his farewell speech—the last speech he gave while he was the President.  He said, "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex."  This was a warning.  It means that people should be careful or the military-industrial complex will get too much power.

Today, the term is used a lot by people writing and talking about politics.  Especially when the subject is militarism in the United States.  It also appears in discussions about private military companies—businesses that commonly employ soldiers who have left the military.

Related pages
 Constitutionalism
 Constitutional economics
 Rule according to higher law
 Roerich Pact
Lockheed Martin
Organization (British English: Organisation) is the idea of putting things together in a logical order. The verb is "to organize".

An organization is a group of people who work together. Organizations exist because people working together can achieve more than a person working alone.  

To make sure people work together, organizations usually have leaders.

Related pages
Business
Charitable organization
International organization
NGO
Quango

References 

Basic English 850 words
Heidelberg () is a city by the Neckar river in the south-west of Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg.

It has about 150,000 inhabitants. It has a well-known university. The old town and the castle of Heidelberg are well-known tourist attractions of Germany.

Heidelberg has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).

References

Other websites

 Site of Heidelberg
 Heidelberg image gallery
Göttingen is a city in Germany.
It is in the state of Lower Saxony.
Göttingen is known worldwide for its university.

Location 
Göttingen is on the Leine river.
The city is in the valley of the Leine river.
There are mountains to the west and east of Göttingen.

Göttingen is near a center of Germany.
There are many methods to calculate the center of a country.
Göttingen is about  west-south-west of the center of Germany.
This center’s location is calculated by the 3D-model of Germany.

People 
There live about 130,000 people in Göttingen.
There are about 30,000 university students.
The university and its hospital are a big employer.
Because of this, almost one third of people in Göttingen are there because of the university.

In Germany people must be allowed to stay.
In 2020, 29.2% of the people allowed to live in Göttingen had a migration background.

Buildings
Buildings

Sights 
The most known sight is a water spring.
The spring has a bronze statue.
The statue is a girl.
She carries three geese.
The sight is called .
It is located on a square.
The square is in front of the old city hall.

Places of worship 
There are many places of worship.
There are many churches.
There are also synagogues.

Traffic 
Göttingen is next to the autobahn number 7.
Göttingen has a train station.
Many high-speed trains stop at the train station.

Today, there is no airport.
During Nazi Germany there was an airport.
The airport was for small planes.

Many people use a bicycle.
There are many bicycle paths.
On some streets bicycles have priority.

Pictures

Sources

Read also 

Hanseatic League
Trevor James Hemmings CVO (11 June 1935 – 11 October 2021) was a British billionaire businessman.  He lived in the Isle of Man.

Hemmings owned several race horses and the holiday company Pontins. He also owned Littlewoods, Blackpool Tower and had a £150 million stake in Scottish and Newcastle.

One of Hemmings' horses, "Hedgehunter", won the 2005 Grand National at Aintree.

Hemmings died on 11 October 2021, at the age of 86.

References 

Businesspeople from London
2021 deaths
1935 births
Karlsruhe (South Franconian: Kallsruh, Alemannic German: Karlsrueh or Chaarlsruei) is a city in the south-west of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg.

As of 2016, Karlsruhe has about 308,000 people.

The city lies on the eastern shore of the Rhine River and has a technical university.

France is close by, on the other side of the Rhine River, a few kilometers to the south.

Karlsruhe is the seat of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court of Germany). 

The city was the capital of the former Grand Duchy of Baden.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Karlsruhe.de
 Stadtwiki Karlsruhe
Wuppertal is a city in the west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is next to Düsseldorf.

Wuppertal has about 360,000 inhabitants. It has a university.

A well-known tourist attraction is the Wuppertal Schwebebahn, a tram hanging about  above ground.

References

Other websites
Bielefeld (; ) is a city in northwest Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Bielefeld has about 327,000 people living there. It has a university.

References

Other websites
Maastricht (Limburgish: Mestreech) is a city in the south of the Netherlands. It is the capital city of the province of Limburg.
About 120,000 people live there.
Maastricht has an airport and a university (Maastricht University).

The first settlement in that region was founded in the Stone age about 25000 years ago, the first permanent settlement was founded by the Celts about 500 B.C. Maastricht got City Rights in 1204. Since 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, Maastricht belongs to the Netherlands. The European Contract of 1992 was signed in Maastricht, the so-called Treaty of Maastricht.
History 
The first settlement was about 25000 years ago. Real permanent settlements (and not just hunter gatherers) were founded at least as early as 5000 B.C. 4000 years after that, the Celts built a settlement in Maastricht. They presumably worshipped a River God. A Roman city was built around 0 AD, making Maastricht the oldest city of the Netherlands (together with Nijmegen). In this time, Maastricht was called Trajectum ad Mosam. This means Road across the Maas. A Roman bridge in Maastricht connected the west with the east, making Maastricht a very strategic point. This bridge - located at Eksterstraat - collapsed in the 13th century, and was replaced by the famous St. Servaas bridge.
In the early middle-ages Maastricht was very important in the spreading of Christianity in the Netherlands. In the 4th century, the bishop St. Servaas was the first bishop in the Netherlands, and the Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk (which also is the oldest still standing building in the Netherlands) could be described as the root of Christianity in the Netherlands. Servaas' remains are still kept in Maastricht in a tomb.

Maastricht received its City Rights fairly early, in 1204. It was of strategic importance during the Eighty Years War and the Napoleonic Wars. Therefore, Maastricht has two forts; Fort St. Pieter and Fort St. Jan. Maastricht also had city walls. Remains of those walls can still be seen today (notably the Helpoort is one the few still standing City Ports).
Topography 
Maastricht is located on both sites of the river Maas in the south-east of The Netherlands and the south-west of the province of Limburg. Maastricht lies in a valley, the Maasvalley, so hills surround the city. On the south-west of the city, the famous St. Pietersberg is located. On the western edge of the city, there is no space between the city and the Belgian border. On the east, is the Savelsbos (a forest). Neighbouring municipality's are Eijsden and Visé (B) in the south, Lanaken (B) and Riemst (B) in the west, Meerssen and Valkenburg in the north, and Margraten in the east.
Traffic and public transport 
The city can easily be reached. There is a highway (A2; E25) running from the south to the north (within the Netherlands, this highway runs from Eijsden to Amsterdam). Another highway also begins in Maastricht, the A79 (going to the east). Maastricht has two train stations (Maastricht and Maastricht Randwyck). Trains are going to Amsterdam, Heerlen, Roermond, and Brussels (B). Plans are made to re-establish the old train route to Lanaken (B). If this connections is to be made again, Maastricht will be accessible from all directions by train.

A few kilometres north of Maastricht, is the Maastricht Aachen Airport. That's the second airport of The Netherlands.
Areas 
Maastricht is divided into many areas. The areas Heer, Amby, St. Pieter, and Wolder used to be individual villages, but are now (for a few decades) part of Maastricht. According to the Dutch central bureaus of statistics (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek; CBS), Maastricht can be divided into seven larger districts. These are:

 Centre. (areas: Binnenstad, Jekerkwartier, Kommelkwartier, Statenkwartier, Boschstraatkwartier, Sint Maartenspoort, Wyck)
 South-West. (Villapark, Jekerdal, Biesland, Campagne, Wolder, Sint Pieter)
 West. (Brusselsepoort, Mariaberg, Belfort, Pottenberg, Malpertuis, Caberg, Oud-Caberg, Malberg, Dousberg-Hazendans, Daalhof)
 North-West. (Boschpoort, Bosscherveld, Frontenkwartier, Belvédère, Lanakerveld)
 East. (Wyckerpoort, Heugemerveld, Wittevrouwenveld, Nazareth, Limmel, Scharn, Amby)
 North-East. (Beatrixhaven, Borgharen, Itteren, Meerssenhoven)
 South-East). (Randwyck, Heugem, Heer, De Heeg, Vroendaal)

References
References

Other websites 
City of Maastricht, official site (Dutch)
City of Maastricht, official site (English)
Map of Maastricht

Tourism
Tourist Board, Dutch, English, French or German
Hotels in Maastricht
Sights in Maastricht
Restaurants in Maastricht
MaastrichtNet, Agenda for Maastricht with English Section Highlights of the Week
Maastricht360.nl, 360° view of Maastricht
Bonnefanten Museum 

History
Maastricht in Roman times
Churches of Maastricht 
News Reports of Musketeer Skeletons found
Webpage about the fortifications 

Higher education and research
Maastricht University 
Academie van Bouwkunst Maastricht (Academy of Architecture)   
Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innovation and Technology - United Nation University  
Maastricht School of Management 
Center for European Studies (CES)  
Conservatorium Maastricht (Academy of Music) 
Toneelacademie Maastricht (Academy of Dramatic Arts) 
Academie Beeldende Kunsten Maastricht (Academy of Fine Arts)
Jan van Eyck Academie
Other
Vastelaoftrap Kickoff of the carnival days
Crossroads  English-language website for expatriates in Maastricht, published by the European Journalism Centre
Utrecht is a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the Province of Utrecht and lies in the midst of both the country and the province. About 358,000 were living there in 2020, which makes Utrecht the fourth-largest city in the Netherlands.

Utrecht is an important public transport junction, especially concerning the railways. It contains the largest university of the Netherlands called Utrecht University.

One of the main sights is the Domkerk, a cathedral that was built between 1321 and 1382. In of a storm in 1674, part of the cathedral was destroyed. This part was never rebuilt, so now the tower is separate from the rest of the church.

Utrecht is the main seat of the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands, the archbishop resides here.

References

Other websites 

 Municipality of Utrecht
  Tourist information 
 FC Utrecht
  Cathedral
Groningen is a municipality in the north of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Groningen. It has about 233,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called the University of Groningen.

Since 2019, Haren and Ten Boer have been part of the municipality of Groningen.

Well-known people 
 Pete Hoekstra (born 1953), former U.S. ambassador to the Netherlands

Other websites 

 Official website
 Map and photos of Groningen
 Groningen Museum
Eindhoven is a city in the south of the Netherlands. It is in the Noord-Brabant province. It has about 236,000 inhabitants (2021) and a well-known football team called P.S.V. Eindhoven.

Other websites 

 The official international site of the city of Eindhoven 
 The city of Eindhoven on the Internet
 InternetGemeentegids Eindhoven over 1450 links
 Photo history: Eindhoven in the 20th century 
 Eindhoven-in-Beeld 
 Regional Historical Centre RHC-eindhoven 
 The Van Abbe Museum of Modern Art
 Eindhoven University of Technology 
 Eindhoven-eertijds.tk 
 The City Stage 
 The Concert Hall
Nijmegen is a city in Gelderland in the east of the Netherlands. It has about 177,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called Radboud University Nijmegen.

References
Apeldoorn is a city in Gelderland in the Netherlands. It has about 160,000 inhabitants. The Het Loo Palace is in Apeldoorn. This was summer home of the Dutch Royal family.

References
Tilburg is a city in the south of the Netherlands. About 222,000 people live there (2021).

Tilburg is famous for its Schrobbeler, an alcoholic drink.

Tilburg University is in Tilburg.

Other websites 
 Gemeente Tilburg
 Historie Tilburg
 Tilburgnet 
 Kaart van Tilburg 
 Carnaval Tilburg
Zwolle is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 130,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies where the Vecht river flows into the IJssel river, on the eastern side of last one.

It lies also in the regions of Salland and IJsselvallei, and is the capital of Overijssel province.

Zwolle got city rights in 1230 and joined the Hanseatic League in 1294.

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

Provincial capitals of the Netherlands
Cities in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
IJsselvallei (Overijssel)
Salland
Haiphong is a city in the north of Vietnam.
It has about 400,000 inhabitants and a marine harbor.
About 1,700,000 people live in the district of Haiphong.
Haiphong is 120 km away from Hanoi, Vietnam's capital, around 60 km away from Ha Long Bay, a popular tourist site, and very close to Cat Ba Island.

Haiphong is Vietnam's third most populated city, with only Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City having more people. It is one of five municipalities of Vietnam, meaning it is a city with the same status as a province.

Haiphong Port is the busiest seaport in northern Vietnam. The city has an international airport, Cat Bi Airport, which was used as an airbase for the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.

Cities in Vietnam
Oldenburg (Low Saxon: Ollnborg, Low Saxon spelling: Ollenborg) is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony. It was formerly the capital of the old Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. 

It has about 160,000 inhabitants. It has a university.

References

Other websites
Braunschweig () is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony.
It was probably founded in the 9th century. About 245,000 people live there. It has a technical university.

References

Other websites
Kos is a Greek island, belonging to the Dodecanese island group in the Aegean Sea. 

About 30,000 people live on Kos, 16,000 of them in the island capital Kos City in the west of the island.
There is an international airport near Antimachia in the middle of the island and a sea harbour in Kos City.
Kos Island's main industry is tourism. About 300,000 tourists take rooms on Kos every year and a lot of tourists take a one-day trip to Kos from neighboring islands or the Turkish coast. 17 km overseas lies Bodrum, Turkey.
People have lived on Kos since the 15th century BC, maybe longer.
Until the 4th century BC the capital of the island was in the west of it, near Kefalos. After an earthquake it moved to Kos City.
Later the Hellenics, then the Romans and the Byzantines got the island.
The Knights of St. John built great forts on Kos, in Kos City and near Antimachia.
The Turkish took over Kos in 1523.
From 1912 to 1943 the Dodecanese islands belonged to Italy, from 1943 to 1945 to the Germans, and from 1945 to 1946 the British ruled them. Since 1946 they belong to Greece.

The most important tourist attraction is the Askelepsion, an old temple for the Greek god Askelapsios. It was built between the 5th and the 1st century BC.
The physician Hippocrates was from Kos.

Other websites
Kos Island Official Travel Guide
  photographs castle on Kos.

Islands of Greece
Crete is the largest of the Greek islands. It separates the Aegean Sea from the rest of the Mediterranean Sea.

Like the Fertile Crescent, Crete had rich soil, a warm climate, and plenty of water. With less time spent fighting to live, the Cretans began to make complicated things. From the wild crocus flowers which covered their island, the Cretans collected saffron used in yellow dye, in food, and in medicine. From the Egyptians, they received rich cloth and jewels. From the Hittites, they learned how to use iron. From the wealthy Lydians, they learned to use money. From Phoneicia, the Cretans received the alphabet which is used today.

In various later centuries the island was ruled in turn by ancient Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Venetians, Turks, and modern Greeks.

Cretan capital