Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A meeting is a group of people who come together at one place to discuss something, make something, or play games together. Meetings can range from internet meetings (people who met on the internet who come together) to birthday parties for children. Meetings can be also on formal times, where businessmen come together to discuss. Furthermore, meetings can be political/religious. For instance, politicians meet from time to time to deliberate on issues, map up strategies and trash out issues. Likewise, religious leaders congregate to discuss developing issues, problems and successes chalked.Come to Jesus meetings are called in order to settle disputes between employers and employees as well as airing out personal matters.

References

Human communication
The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), is a bovine (cloven hoofed animal). It is also known as the Cape buffalo. They are not closely related to other bovines. Because of its aggressive behavior, it has not been domesticated like the domestic Asian water buffalo.

Appearance 
They can be up to 3.2 meters high, 6 meters long, and can weigh from 800-1200 kg. The males are bigger than the females. The African buffalo's power and size make it easy to defend itself. They have been known to kill hyenas, lions, and other wild predators, and sometimes even humans. The African buffalo is part of the African big five. The phrase "big five" was introduced by hunters. The big five are the hardest animals to hunt, and the African buffalo is considered the most dangerous.

Bovines
Mammals of Africa
Philosophy of language is the study of how languages were created and are used. It is part of Linguistics. In continental philosophy, it is not treated as a subject by itself, but Ludwig Wittgenstein and other analytic philosophers placed particular stress on it.

 Problems 
Like all philosophies, there are some central questions that are important in philosophy of language:
 What does it mean for a word to mean something ? Why do some words have the same meaning ? How can we ever know if a word means something or not ? Why are some orderings of words meaningful, while others are not ?
 How are languages learnt ? How do they change ?
 How important are languages in communication ?
 How do we translate from one language into another ?
 What does truth have to do with language ?
History
Ancient Greek
Plato was the first philosopher we know was interested in philosophy of language although his teacher Socrates probably was too He believed that the smallest parts of words phonemes had meaning even if they were outside the words they are in This is not a very good theory and Plato understood that there were things wrong with it The Stoics also made a complicated philosophy of The Middle Ages The medieval scholars, such as William Occam also were interested in philosophy of language Occam was the first philosopher to think about the possibility of a mental language He also discussed how a word can refer to both its meaning and the actual word itself Modernity 
Philosophy of language only became more popular in the twentieth century, when Ferdinand de Saussure wrote his book Course in general linguistics Since then philosophy of language has played an important part in philosophy as a whole

Related pages
 Ordinary language philosophy
 Philosophy of science
 Semiotics
John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) studied medicine in London, and became an English zoologist.

Gray was Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum from 1840 until Christmas 1874. That was before the natural history holdings were split off to be the Natural History Museum.

Gray published several catalogues of the museum collections which discussed animal groups and described new species. He improved the collections to make them amongst the best in the world.

During his life he wrote over 500 academic papers, mostly on new species.

Gray was also interested in postage stamps; on 1 May 1840, the day the Penny Black first went on sale, he bought some to keep, thus making him the world's first known stamp collector.
Works (partial list)
 1825 : An outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe. Annals of Philosophy (ns) 10 : 337-344.
 1826 : Vertebrata: Mammalia. (Appendix B in part). p. 412-415 in King P.P. (ed) Narrative of a survey of the intertropical and western coasts of Australia. Performed between the years 1818 and 1822. With an appendix, containing various subjects relating to hydrography and natural history. London: J. Murray, vol. 2.
 1827 : Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia. p. 1-391 in Baron G. Cuvier The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others. (16 vols: 1827-1835). London: George B. Whittaker, vol. 5.
 1828 : Spicilegia Zoologica, or original figures and short systematic descriptions of new and unfigured animals. Pt 1. London: Treuttel, Würtz & Co.
1830 : A synopsis of the species of the class Reptilia. pp 1–110 in Griffith E. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier. London: Whitaker and Treacher, vol. 9 : 481 + 110 p.
 
 1845: Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum.
 Petit, Richard E. 2012. John Edward Gray (1800–1875): his malacological publications and molluscan taxa. Zootaxa 3214: 1-125
Further reading

Other websites 
 
 John Edward Gray, the Indian Pond Heron and Walsall

1800 births
1875 deaths
British zoologists
English science writers
Philatelists
Fellows of the Royal Society
British naturalists
British ornithologists
English biologists
English botanists
Brăila () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Muntenia. The capital of Brăila County is Brăila.

Geography 
Brăila County has an area of 4,766 km².

Divisions 
Brăila County has 1 municipality, 3 towns and 40 communes.

Municipality 
 Brăila

Towns 
 Ianca
 Însurăţei
 Făurei

Communes

Counties of Romania
Buzău () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the area of Muntenia.  The capital of Buzău County is Buzău.

Geography 
Buzău County has an area of 6,103 km².  The main river that flows through Buzău County is the Buzău River.

Divisions 
Buzău County has 2 municipalities, 3 towns and 82 communes.

Municipalities 
 Buzău
 Râmnicu Sărat

Towns 
 Nehoiu
 Pogoanele
 Pătârlagele

Communes 

Counties of Romania
The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia is a 1974 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin.  It takes place in the same place as the book The Left Hand of Darkness. The book won both the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award in 1975.

Translations 
 
 , later , 2006
 , 2002
 , 1994, , 1997, 2002
 
 
 , 1994
 , 1979
 , 1998

1974 books
Hainish Cycle
Hugo Award winning books
The Word for World Is Forest is a science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in 1976. It is part of the Hainish Cycle.

1976 books
Hainish Cycle
Rocannon's World was Ursula K. Le Guin's first book.  It was written in 1966 as an Ace Double with Avram Davidson's The Kar-Chee Reign. The book is part of the Hainish Cycle.

1966 books
Hainish Cycle
Procrastination is the behavior of delaying actions or tasks to a later time. It can be a very bad thing to do because you do not get enough things done.

References

Other websites    

CalPoly - Procrastination  - analysis of procrastinating behavior and possible cures
Article about a possible cure for procrastination

Habits
Human behavior
The Nightrider bus service is a late-night bus service that runs in Melbourne, Victoria.  NightRider buses travel between the city (City Square, Swanston Street) and Melbourne's outer suburbs every 30 minutes between 1.30am – 4.30am on Saturdays and 1.30am – 5.30am on Sundays.  NightRider also has services to the city on most routes after midnight until approximately 3.30am on Saturdays and 4.30am on Sundays, with additional services on some routes.

Transport in Melbourne
Bus transport
The Government of Victoria is the main government of Victoria. Its leader is the Premier of Victoria.

Victoria, Australia
Planet of Exile is a 1966 science-fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in her Hainish Cycle.  It was first part of an Ace Double in 1966 with Mankind Under the Leash by Thomas M. Disch.

Translations 
  ("Planet of Exile"), 1980, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2006
 

1966 books
Hainish Cycle
City of Illusions is a 1967 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in her Hainish Cycle. City of Illusions was republished in 1978 with Rocannon's World and Planet of Exile in a set called Three Hainish Novels and in 1994 with the same books in Worlds of Exile and Illusion.

1967 books
Hainish Cycle
American novels
Wall-E is a 2008 American animated movie created by Pixar and Disney. It was released on June 27, 2008 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

Release Dates

Plot 
In 2805, Earth has been polluted with waste and humanity has abandoned the planet, by boarding a giant cruise ship called Axiom. They have built hundreds of domestic robots called WALL-E, who made piled cubes of waste in an attempt to restore the planet for the company. Seven hundred years later, one robot spends most days, cleaning the city and collecting essential properties, before finding a surviving plant hidden in a refrigerator.

A rocket appears and assigns EVE to investigate the city. WALL-E meets and invites EVE into his home. He shows the Hello Dolly movie on a videocassette recorder. When WALL-E shows a plant for EVE, she takes it and becomes deactivated. The same rocket appears on Earth, takes EVE and returns to outer space, with WALL-E following it.
As the rocket returns to the ship, WALL-E notices that all humans had gained weight and lost some bones, while sitting on each chairs, and every robots serve them. The AUTO and Captain McCrea examine EVE's body in the main dock, only to find the plant gone.

When WALL-E inadvertently destroys the security system at the repair ward, he and EVE escape from the hallway. EVE attempts to send WALL-E to the escape pod, but they discover that Gopher placed the plant in the pod, when he stole it from EVE. WALL-E uses a fire extinguisher to save himself and the plant, before the pod self destructs.
EVE wakes up and saves WALL-E from being sent into space. They help all humans and robots take control of the ship. WALL-E is able to prevent AUTO from closing the machine, despite getting crushed afterwards, and McCrea recovers and disables AUTO. After the ship returns to Earth, EVE repairs WALL-E's body. Though WALL-E cannot remember EVE, the spark makes them remember each other. The movie ends with all humans and robots restoring all life on Earth.

Cast 

WALL-E / M-O - Ben Burtt
EVE - Elissa Knight
Captain B. McCrea - Jeff Garlin
Auto / M-O - PlainTalk
Shelby Forthright, BNL CEO - Fred Willard
Axiom's Computer - Sigourney Weaver

References

Other websites 
 WALL-E's Official site and trailers
 

2008 animated movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Fictional robots
Pixar movies
Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Movies directed by Andrew Stanton
In movie and video, live-action is a work that is acted out by human actors, instead of animating the works as in the animated version of E. B. White's Charlotte's Web.

Movies
John Charles Hagee (born April 12, 1940) is the founder and senior pastor of Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Texas, a church with more than 19,000 members. Hagee is CEO at his non-profit corporation, Global Evangelism Television (GETV).

He is also founder and chairman of Christians United for Israel (CUFI). This is a Christian organization supporting Zionism.

Hagee is a Pentecostal, and wrote a lot of Christian books.

He is critical of Islam, European Union, communism, feminism, abortion and a man-made climate change.

References

Other websites 

John Hagee Ministries website
Cornerstone Church website

1940 births
Living people
American Pentecostals
American theologians
Anti-communists
American Christian clergy
Creationists
Television evangelists
Television personalities from Texas
Writers from San Antonio, Texas
Zionists
A protectorate is a state that is protected by another, larger and stronger country based on an agreement between the protectorate and the protecting country. These were very common in the 19th century, especially in Africa and South Asia, when European countries would give protection to small states or places there. Often they also made an international trade agreement which restricted the trade of other foreign states. 

The British Empire had many protectorates around the world. The first was The Protectorate of the Commonwealth of England in the 1660s, Bahrain was also a British protectorate until it gained independence. Later, Kuwait was a British protectorate from 1899 to 1961 and is now independent. Sikkim was a protectorate of India until 1975 and now is a state of India. Bhutan is also a protected state of India.

Related pages 
 Annexation
 Colonization
 Client state

Countries
A hybrid is the product of mating between individuals of different species or strains. The word is most common when talking about animals and plants.

Mules are hybrid animals. The female parent is a horse and the male parent is a donkey. The result, a mule, is sterile. Not all hybrids are sterile. Many garden plants and crop plants are hybrids. New species are sometimes formed from hybrids between two other species.

Classical genetics
Charles Sturt (28 April 1795 — 16 June 1869) was a British Army officer who became an early explorer of Australia. He described the Murray, the Murrumbidgee and Darling Rivers. Sturt searched the desert areas of Australia in the hope of finding an inland sea.

Early life 
Sturt was born in Bengal, India where his father was a judge. He went to England to go to school and in 1813 he joined the British Army. He served in France and Ireland. In 1826 Sturt went back to England and was then sent to Australia in charge of a group of convicts. He married a lady named Charlotte Christiana Greene
Darling River Expedition 
People at this time thought that Australia's inland rivers which flowed west, must have flowed into an inland sea. Another explorer, John Oxley had been stopped from going west down the Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers by a marsh which he thought was the edge of the sea. Sir Ralph Darling, Governor of New South Wales thought that it would be easier to travel in a drought (a long time without rain). This would mean the swamps and marshes would be dry. Darling put Sturt in charge. On 10 November 1828, Sturt and a group of 13 men, including explorer Hamilton Hume, went to find the path of the Macquarie River. They followed the Macquarie River, the Bogan River and the Castlereagh River and found the Darling River which he named after the Governor. They followed the river near from the present town of Bourke for about  downstream towards the south west. They then went back to Sydney.
On 3 November 1829, Sturt led another group of eight men to follow the path of the Murrumbidgee River. Governor Darling wanted to know where the river went and to find out if it joined the Lachlan River. They went west from Sydney until they reached the Murrumbidgee near the present site of Jugiong and traveled along the river bank as far as the Lachlan River. From there Sturt used a small boat to travel down the river and reached the Murray River on 14 January 1830. The river had already been visited six years earlier by Hamilton Hume and William Hovell and named the Hume River. Sturt, probably hoping for a reward, renamed the river after Sir George Murray, a British politician. After several days, they found a large river joining the Murray from the north, and Sturt correctly guessed that this was the Darling River. He set up a flag pole and raised the British flag, the Union Jack, and had his men give three loud cheers
. The group continued down the river and reached Lake Alexandrina which he named after Princess Alexandrina, later Queen Victoria on 9 February 1830. After finding where the Murray entered the sea, the group then had the difficult and tiring work of rowing the boat back up the river. They left the river near the present site of Narrandera on 11 April 1830 and walked back to Sydney, getting there on 25 May 1830. Sturt became very sick after the trip and became blind.
Retirement from the Army 
Sturt was sent to Norfolk Island in August 1830 on military duty. Norfolk Island was a penal colony where difficult prisoners were sent. He stayed there until January 1832 and then went back to Sydney. Unable to get more important work and still unable to see properly, he went to England and left the army in July 1833. He wrote a book called Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia, 1828—1831. Sturt was rewarded with  of land in New South Wales, and in September 1834 sailed to Sydney with his new wife, Charlotte Green.

Farmer 
When he got back to Australia, he took up land near Canberra, then land at Mittagong, and in 1837 moved to Varroville, a farm near Liverpool. Sturt took a herd of cattle overland to Adelaide in 1838. He did more exploring around Adelaide including a trip back to Lake Alexandrina, and north to St.Vincent's Gulf. He moved his family to Adelaide in 1839.
Government Administrator 
Sturt was made the Surveyor-General (the person in charge of surveying) by the Governor of South Australia, but a new surveyor arrived who had been put in charge by the government in England. He worked as Assistant Land Commissioner until this job was abolished by England. For a short time worked as the Registrar-General, but this job did not pay as much money. He was unhappy, and hoped a new expedition would improve his chances of a better job. He wanted to go into the middle of Australia and look for an inland sea. Another explorer, Edward John Eyre had found his way to the north blocked by what he thought was a huge salt lake, shaped like a horse shoe. It was really six large dry salt lakes. Sturt hoped that he could get around the lakes by going farther to the east.

Central Australian Expedition 1844

Depot Glen
Depot Glen 

Sturt and 16 men left Adelaide on 15 August 1844, with 11 horses, 200 sheep, 32 bullocks, six dogs, a number of carts, wagons and a boat. They followed the Darling River north to Menindee Laidley's Ponds. On 15 January 1845 the group reached a waterhole  west of the present site of Milparinka. They called this creek Preservation Creek, and named their camp by the waterhole Depot Glen.
Fort Grey 
Sturt divided the group into two, with one group going back to Adelaide. Following some rain, Sturt moved the other group west to a waterhole on Frome Creek, which they named Fort Grey. His path west was blocked by a dry salt lake, Lake Blanche, so he took a small group north west between Cooper Creek and the Diamantina River. Here he found a desert of stones, called gibbers, which was difficult to cross. The stones hurt the feet of the horses and bullocks. This desert has been named Sturt's Stony Desert. By September 1845 he had reached the Simpson Desert and could go no farther. He went back  kilometres to Fort Grey.
He then tried to go north, getting close to the present site of Birdsville but again the Stony Desert stopped him. It was very hot, his thermometer burst at 53 degrees Celsius and Sturt decided to go back to Adelaide. He was so sick that he could not ride and had to be carried in a cart. They arrived back on 19 January 1846. He was unhappy as he had not found an inland sea, or reached the centre of Australia.

Return to England 
In February 1846 Sturt was made Colonial Treasurer, he also received a gold medal from the Royal Geographical Society. He went to England and wrote a book Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia before going back to Adelaide. He was made a member of the South Australian parliament. He retired from work at the end of 1851 and in 1853 took his family back to England. He asked to be made Governor of Victoria, and later Governor of Queensland, but it did not happen. He died suddenly in 1869, just after being nominated for K.C.M.G., a British knighthood.

Sturt today
Sturt today 

Charles Sturt is remembered in Australia with many memorials. There are rock cairns and signs that show many of the places he explored. Two plants were named after him, Sturt's Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa), the floral emblem of South Australia, and Sturt's Desert Rose (Gossypium sturtianum), the floral emblem of the Northern Territory. Sturt found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844. He collected the seeds and brought them back for Robert Brown (1773–1858), a Scottish botanist, to study.

The Sturt Highway is the main road between Sydney and Adelaide.

The Charles Sturt University is a large university with campuses in country New South Wales. These are in Albury, Bathurst, Dubbo, Orange and Wagga Wagga.

The Sturt National Park is a large park in the north west corner of New South Wales. The park covers  hectares of semi desert country. There are several historic Sturt sites in the park including Fort Grey.

References
References 

 Australian Encyclopaedia, pub. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1958
 Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia, 1828 — 1831

1795 births
1869 deaths
English explorers
Exploration of Australia
This is a list of cities in Mexico with a population over 100,000.

Mexico
Mexico-related lists
Mexico
Taranto is a city in the Apulia region of Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto. The population is 201,349. Taranto also has a large port.

References 

Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Apulia
Settlements in Taranto
Parma is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna. It is the capital of the Province of Parma. About 190,000 people live in Parma. It has one of the oldest universities of the world, the University of Parma.

Parma has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).

References

 
Capital cities in Italy
Olbia (, ) is a city in the region of Sardinia. Together with Tempio Pausania it is the capital of the Province of Olbia-Tempio.

References 

Capital cities in Italy
Communes of the Province of Sassari
Civitavecchia is a city in the region of Lazio, Italy. It is 80 km north of Rome. It has a sea port.

References 

Cities in the Metropolitan City of Rome
Agrigento () is a city in the region of Sicily in southern Italy. It is also the capital of the Province of Agrigento. There are many relics there from the ancient Greeks and the Roman empire.

References 

Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Sicily
Settlements in Agrigento
Reggio Emilia is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It has 167,013 people living in it.

References 

Cities in Emilia-Romagna
Capital cities in Italy
Settlements in Reggio Emilia
Coke may mean:

 Coke (fuel), a solid residue that contains carbon, and is derived from destructive distillation of coal
 Petroleum coke, a solid carbon rich residue derived from distillation of crude oil
 Cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaf of the coca plant
 Coca-Cola, a soft drink originally based on coca leaf extract
 The Coca-Cola Company, makers of this drink
 Cola, any soft drink similar to Coca-Cola
 Soft drink, any nonalcoholic carbonated beverage
 Coke County, Texas, a county in central Texas, United States
People named Coke 
 David Coke (1915–1941), a British pilot during World War II
 Edward Coke (1552–1634), English entrepreneur and jurist
 Edward Coke (1758-1837), a British politician and landowner
 Edward Coke, 7th Earl of Leicester (born 1936), an English earl
 Giles Coke, an English footballer
 John Coke, an English politician
 Peter Coke, a British actor, playwright and artist
 Richard Coke, an American lawyer, farmer, and statesman
 Thomas Coke, the first Methodist Bishop
 Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (seventh creation), agricultural reformer
The Jungle Book is a collection of stories written by Rudyard Kipling. It was published by Macmillan & Co. in 1894. The stories tell about life and legends of the Indian jungle. Parts of The Jungle Book have been adapted to television, movies, the theater, and other media.

Background
Kipling was born in India, and spent the first six years of his life there. After about ten years in England, he went back to India and worked there for about six-and-half years. All of the Jungle Book stories were published in magazines in 1893-4. The original publications contained illustrations, some by Rudyard's father, John Lockwood Kipling. These books were written when Kipling lived in Vermont.
The tales in the book (and also those in The Second Jungle Book which followed in 1895, and which includes five further stories about Mowgli) are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons. Kipling put in them nearly everything he knew or "heard or dreamed about the Indian jungle." Other readers have interpreted the work as allegories of the politics and society of the time.

The best-known stories are the three about an abandoned 'man cub' Mowgli. They boy is raised by wolves in the Indian jungle. The most famous of the other stories are probably "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi", the story of a heroic mongoose, and "Toomai of the Elephants", the tale of a young elephant-handler. Kotick, The White Seal seeking for his people a haven where they would be safe from hunters, has been considered a metaphor for Zionism, then in its beginning.
As with much of Kipling's work, each of the stories is preceded by a piece of verse, and succeeded by another. The title of each is given in italics in the list of stories below.

The Jungle Book, because of its moral tone, came to be used as a motivational book by the Cub Scouts, a junior element of the Scouting movement. This use of the book's universe was approved by Kipling after a direct petition of Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Scouting movement, who had originally asked for the author's permission for the use of the Memory Game from Kim in his scheme to develop the morale and fitness of working-class youths in cities. Akela, the head wolf in The Jungle Book, has become a senior figure in the movement, the name being traditionally adopted by the leader of each Cub Scout pack.

Chapters in The Jungle Book 

The complete book, having passed into the public domain, is on-line at Project Gutenberg's official website and elsewhere.
1. Mowgli's Brothers: A boy is raised by wolves in the Indian Jungle with the help of Baloo the bear and Bagheera the panther, and then has to fight the tiger Shere Khan. This story has also been published as a short book in its own right. Night-Song in the Jungle
 2. Hunting-Song of the Seeonee Pack
 3. Kaa's Hunting: This story takes place before Mowgli fights Shere Khan. When Mowgli is abducted by monkeys, Baloo and Bagheera set out to rescue him with the aid of Chil the Kite and Kaa the python. Maxims of Baloo.
 4. Road Song of the Bandar-Log
 5. Tiger! Tiger!: Mowgli returns to the human village and is adopted by Messua and her husband who believe him to be their long-lost son Nathoo. But he has trouble adjusting to human life, and Shere Khan still wants to kill him. The story's title is taken from the poem "The Tyger" by William Blake.
 6. Mowgli's Song
 7. The White Seal: Kotick, a rare white-furred seal, searches for a new home for his people, where they will not be hunted by humans.
 8. Lukannon
8. Lukannon
 9. Rikki-Tikki-Tavi: Rikki-Tikki the mongoose defends a human family living in India against a pair of cobras. This story has also been published as a short book.
 10. Darzee's Chant
 11. Toomai of the Elephants: Toomai, a ten-year old boy who helps to tend working elephants, is told that he will never be a full-fledged elephant-handler until he has seen the elephants dance. This story has also been published as a short book.
 12. Shiv and the Grasshopper
 13. Her Majesty's Servants (originally titled "Servants of the Queen"): On the night before a military parade a British soldier eavesdrops on a conversation between the camp animals.
 14. Parade-Song of the Camp Animals parodies several well-known songs and poems, including Bonnie Dundee.
Characters 

 Mowgli (character) - Main character, the young jungle boy.
 Father Wolf - The Father Wolf who raised Mowgli as his own cub
 Raksha - The Mother wolf who raised Mowgli as her own cub
 Grey brother - One of Mother and Father Wolf's cubs
 Hathi - An Indian Elephant
 Bagheera - A melanistic (black) leopard
 Baloo- A Sloth Bear
 Kaa - Indian Python
 Shere Khan - A Bengal Tiger
 Akela - An Indian Wolf
 Tabaqui - A Golden Jackal
 Chil - A kite
 Mor - An Indian Peafowl
 Mang - A Bat
 Ikki - An Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine (mentioned only)
 The Bandar log - A tribe of monkeys
 Rikki-Tikki-Tavi - An Indian Mongoose
 Darzee - A tailorbird
 Chuchundra - A Muskrat
 Nag - A male King cobra
 Nagaina - A female King cobra. Nag's mate
 Karait a Common Krait
 Kotick - The White Seal
 Sea catch - A Northern fur seal and Kotick's father
 Sea vitch - A Walrus
 Sea cow - A Manatee
Adaptations 
The book's text has often been abridged or adapted for younger readers, and there have also been several comic book adaptations.

Comics 
 A comic book series Petit d'homme ("Man Cub") was published in Belgium between 1996 and 2003. Written by Crisse and drawn by Marc N'Guessan and Guy Michel, it resets the stories in a post-apocalyptic world in which Mowgli's friends are humans rather than animals: Baloo is an elderly doctor, Bagheera is a fierce African woman warrior and Kaa is a former army sniper.
Live-action movie 
 "Toomai of the Elephants" was filmed as Elephant Boy (1937), starring Sabu Dastagir. In the 1970s there was a television series of the same name, loosely based on the story and movie.
 Jungle Book (1942 film) - directed by Zoltán Korda, starring Sabu Dastagir as Mowgli.
 The Jungle Book (1994 film) - starring Jason Scott Lee as Mowgli.
 The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli and Baloo (1997) - starring Jamie Williams as Mowgli.
 The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story (1998) - starring Brandon Baker as Mowgli.
 The Jungle Book (2016) - directed by Jon Favreau, starring Neel Sethi as Mowgli and Bill Murray as Baloo.
Animation 
 Disney's 1967 animated movie version, inspired by the Mowgli stories, was extremely popular, though it took great liberties with the plot, characters and the pronunciation of the characters' names. These characterizations were further used in the 1990 animated series TaleSpin, which featured several anthropomorphic characters loosely based on those from the movie in an comic aviation-industry setting.
 Chuck Jones' made for-TV cartoons Mowgli's Brothers, Rikki-Tikki-Tavi and The White Seal stick to the original storylines more closely than most adaptations.
There was a Japanese anime television series called Jungle Book Shonen Mowgli broadcast in 1989. Its adaptation represents a compromise between the original stories and the Walt Disney version. Many of Kipling's stories are adapted into the series, but many elements are combined and changed to suit more modern sensibilities. For instance, Akela, the wolf pack alpha eventually steps aside, but instead of being threatened with death, he stays on as the new leader's advisor. Also, there is an Indian family in the series which includes Rikki-Tikki-Tavi as a pet mongoose. Finally at the series' conclusion, Mowgli leaves the jungle for human civilization, but still keeps strong ties with his animal friends.
The Japanese anime was dubbed in Hindi and telecast as "Jungle Book" by Doordarshan in India during the early 1990s. The Indian version featured original music by Vishal Bharadwaj (with words by noted lyricist Gulzar) and a very good choice of dubbing artistes for the voice acting (Nana Patekar doing the voice over for Sher Khan), which made it quite popular among television series of that time.
 The anime was also dubbed in Arabic under the title  (Fatah El Adghal: Boy Of The Jungle) and became a hit with Arab viewers in the 1990s.
In 1973, another animated adaptation was released in the Soviet Union called "Mowgli" (), also known as the 'heroic' version of the story. It's also very close to the book's storyline, and one of the few adaptations which has Bagheera as a female panther. It also features stories from The Second Jungle Book, such as Red Dog and a simplified version of The King's Ankus. "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" has also been released in 1954 as a cartoon and in 1976 as a feature movie. The former made its way into the hearts of viewers and is even now sometimes aired by TV stations of the Former Soviet Union countries as a classic of Soviet animation. Interestingly, in keeping with Soviet ideology, the Colonial English family in Rikki-Tikki-Tavi has been replaced with an Indian family.
Stage 
 Stuart Paterson wrote a stage adaptation in 2004, first produced by the Birmingham Old Rep in 2004 and published in 2007 by Nick Hern Books.
 A new Adaptation is being produced by The Hunger Artists Theatre Company in Fullerton, CA for September 2008. The adaptation is written by Leonard Joseph Dunham
 A dance adaptation by the Boom Kat Dance Company premiered on May 2, 2008 at Miles Playhouse in Santa Monica, California. It was choreographed by the company with artistic direction by Lili Fuller, Marissa Goodhill, Emily Iscoff-Daigian and Adam North.

Related pages
 Just So Stories
 The Jungle Book characters
 The Third Jungle Book
 Feral children in mythology and fiction
 Pench National Park, near Seoni (Seeonee) is said to be the forest where the Seeonee wolf pack lives.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 The Jungle Book Collection : a website demonstrating the variety of merchandise related to the book and movie versions of The Jungle Book.
 
 Boom Kat Dance : a website describing the dance adaptation of The Jungle Book by Boom Kat Dance Company.

1890s books
Works by Rudyard Kipling
British short stories
Books with jungle settings
English children's books
WrestleMania 21 was the twenty-first yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on April 3, 2005 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. The official theme song for the event was "Big Time" by The Soundtrack of Our Lives. The secondary theme song was "Behind Those Eyes" by 3 Doors Down. The tagline for WrestleMania 21 was "WrestleMania Goes Hollywood."
WrestleMania 21 was the first WrestleMania held at the Staples Center, but the fifth to take place in the Southern California metropolitan area (following WrestleMania 2, WrestleMania VII, WrestleMania XII and WrestleMania 2000). Tickets sold out in less than one minute for the event, making it the fastest ticket sell-out in the company's history as well as the fastest ticket sell-out at the Staples Center. The event drew a Staples Center record attendance of 20,193 people from 14 countries and 48 states and grossed more than $2.1 million in ticket sales, making it the highest grossing WWE event ever at the Staples Center, and the highest grossing of the five WrestleManias held in California. In addition to those in attendance, the event was seen by millions of fans in more than 90 countries.

Report

Background
The main feud heading into WrestleMania on the Raw brand was between Triple H and Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship. Batista won the 2005 Royal Rumble, last eliminating John Cena, earning the right to participate in the main event of WrestleMania 21 against the World Champion of his choice. In an attempt to persuade Batista to challenge WWE Champion John "Bradshaw" Layfield rather than Batista facing Triple H at WrestleMania, Triple H concocted a scheme to have Batista run over in a limousine resembling the one used by Layfield. Initially, Batista did not want help from Evolution and wanted to confront JBL by himself. Triple H insisted that Evolution accompanied Batista anyway, saving him from the oncoming limousine. Batista became aware of the plot while eavesdropping on fellow Evolution members and signed a contract guaranteeing him a match with World Champion Triple H at WrestleMania, thus leaving Evolution and officially turning face
. Batista pretended to sign with the SmackDown! brand, giving Triple H and Flair the "thumbs up," but turned it into a "thumbs down" before attacking the pair. This lead to Batista's departure from the stable.
A heavily promoted match for the event was an Interpromotional match between SmackDown! superstar Kurt Angle and Raw superstar Shawn Michaels. Their match stemmed from the Royal Rumble, the pay-per-view event two months before WrestleMania. At the Royal Rumble, Kurt Angle relentlessly attacked Shawn Michaels after Michaels had eliminated him from the Royal Rumble match. The next month at No Way Out, Angle lost a number one contenders match to John Cena, losing a spot in the SmackDown! main event at WrestleMania. The next night on Raw, Michaels told SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long to inform Angle that he had challenged him to a match at WrestleMania. On the February 28 edition of Raw, after Michaels defeated Edge in a Street Fight, Angle attacked Michaels and accepted his challenge.
The other Interpromotional match on the card was between Randy Orton and The Undertaker, with Orton representing Raw and Undertaker representing SmackDown!. The feud first started on the March 7 edition of Raw when Orton challenged The Undertaker to a match at WrestleMania billed as "Legend vs. Legend Killer". Three days later on SmackDown!, Undertaker accepted Orton's challenge. On the March 14 edition of Raw, Jake "The Snake" Roberts, attempted to give Orton advice about his match with Undertaker at WrestleMania, but was RKOed when Orton was not cooperating. Later that week on SmackDown!, Orton and Undertaker had a contract signing for their match at WrestleMania. After both men signed, Orton told Undertaker that he has nothing but respect for him. Shortly afterwards, Orton slapped him and claimed that his 12-0 undefeated streak at WrestleMania, would soon be 12-1. The next week on Raw, Orton claimed that his confidence was at an all-time high, despite what happened on SmackDown! the week before
. Afterwards, Orton turned heel and furthered his Legend killer gimmick by RKOing his then-girlfriend Stacy Keibler.
Event
Before the event went live on pay-per-view, a dark match was held. A 30-man Interpromotional Battle Royal, which featured: Booker T, Paul London, Heidenreich, Spike Dudley, Nunzio, Funaki, Doug Basham, Danny Basham, Orlando Jordan, Mark Jindrak, Luther Reigns, Scotty 2 Hotty, Hardcore Holly, Charlie Haas, Billy Kidman, Akio from SmackDown! and Simon Dean, William Regal, Tajiri, Rob Conway, Sylvain Grenier, Snitsky, The Hurricane, Rosey, Chris Masters, Viscera, Rhyno, Val Venis, Tyson Tomko, Maven from Raw. However, Booker T won the Battle Royal, as he eliminated Chris Masters.
Lilian Garcia sang "America the Beautiful" at the start of the event. The first televised match of the night was between Rey Mysterio and Eddie Guerrero. In the beginning of the match, Mysterio jumped over the top rope, knocking Guerrero down. Mysterio also attempted another aerial attack but was countered by Guerrero into a Powerbomb. Guerrero placed Mysterio into the Three Amigos and attempted a Frog splash but was unsuccessful. Following a Hurricanrana by Mysterio on Guerrero, Mysterio pinned Guerrero to win. After the match, both shook hands in the ring.
The match that followed was the first Money in the Bank ladder match which featured Chris Jericho, Chris Benoit, Shelton Benjamin, Edge, Kane, and Christian with Tyson Tomko at ringside. The match contained many notable moments, including points where Jericho, Christian, Benjamin and Kane all jumped over the top rope to the outside of the ring to knock down multiple opponents. Another moment included Benjamin executing a T-Bone Suplex on Edge off the top of a ladder and later using an inclined ladder as a ramp to run up a standing and hit Jericho with a Clothesline maneuver. Benoit also executed a Diving headbutt from the top of a ladder onto Kane. In the conclusion to the match, Benoit climbed a ladder to attempt to retrieve the Money in the Bank briefcase hanging above the ring but was stopped by Kane who had also climbed the ladder. Benoit used repeated headbutts to knock Kane to the ground and attempted to retrieve the briefcase once more but was knocked down by Edge who hit him with a steel chair
. Edge then climbed the ladder and successfully obtained possession of the briefcase to win the match.
The next match was for the WWE Women's Championship, between Trish Stratus and Christy Hemme with Lita at ringside. Stratus controlled most of the match though Hemme attempted many pinning maneuvers that were unsuccessful. Hemme then executed a Twist of fate on Stratus and attempted another pin, which was also unsuccessful. After a Roll-up attempt by both Stratus and Hemme, Stratus hit Hemme with a Chick kick and followed it with the decisive pin, thus winning the match and retaining the WWE Women's Championship.

The fifth match was the encounter of Shawn Michaels and Kurt Angle. Mid-way in the match, Michaels hit Angle with low blow, after he countered a suplex attack from Angle. Following the low blow, which was not seen by the referee, Michaels leapfrogged from the ring and laid out Angle onto the announce table. Angle would then gain control of the match, as he would apply the Ankle Lock on Michaels, forcing him to submit, thus Angle winning the match.
The next match was between Akebono and The Big Show in a Sumo Match. The match went for a minute and Akebono won the match after he threw The Big Show out of the ring, thus winning the Sumo Match.

The next match was John Cena vs. John "Bradshaw" Layfield for the WWE Championship. The match was dominated a lot by JBL. At the end Cena would win the match and the WWE Championship after ducking a Clothesline from Hell attempt from JBL into an FU and pinning JBL to become the WWE Champion.

The eighth and final match of the night was Triple H defending his World Heavyweight Championship against Batista. The match was dominated a lot by both men. At the end Batista would pin Triple H after a Batista Bomb and would win the World Heavyweight Championship.
Aftermath
Batista and Triple H's feud would continue. It would continue to Backlash where Batista and Triple H had a rematch for the World Heavyweight Title. Batista won the match after a Batista Bomb out of a corner. Following that, the two concluded their rivalry at Vengeance where Batista scored the third and final win over his former mentor inside Hell in a Cell. Shortly thereafter, Batista was drafted to the SmackDown brand, and Triple H opted to take time off.

John Cena and JBL's feud would continue until Judgment Day where Cena and JBL would have a rematch for the WWE Championship in an "I Quit" match, which Cena won after he was going to hit JBL with an exhaust pipe but made JBL say "I Quit" instead. After Judgment Day Cena and JBL's feud ended. Cena was subsequently drafted to the Raw brand shortly after.
Promotion
In line with the event's location and tagline, WrestleMania 21 was promoted on television with a series of parody movie trailers with wrestlers playing the starring roles from famous modern movies.
Forrest Gump featuring  Eugene playing the role of Tom Hanks, with William Regal making a cameo appearance.
Braveheart featuring Triple H playing the role of Mel Gibson, with Ric Flair making a cameo appearance.
Basic Instinct featuring Stacy Keibler, Chris Benoit, Chris Jericho, and Christian playing the roles of Sharon Stone and the interrogators, with The Fabulous Moolah and Mae Young making a cameo appearance.
Pulp Fiction featuring Eddie Guerrero and Booker T playing the roles of John Travolta and Samuel L. Jackson.
A Few Good Men featuring John Cena and John "Bradshaw" Layfield playing the roles of Tom Cruise and Jack Nicholson, with Jonathan Coachman making a cameo appearance.
Dirty Harry featuring The Undertaker playing the role of Clint Eastwood.
When Harry Met Sally... featuring Kurt Angle and Christy Hemme playing the roles of Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan, with Linda McMahon making a cameo appearance.
Taxi Driver featuring Heidenreich, Batista, Shawn Michaels, Rey Mysterio, Shelton Benjamin, Doug Basham, Danny Basham, The Big Show, Candice Michelle, Carlito Caribbean Cool, Tajiri, Orlando Jordan, Joy Giovanni, Gene Snitsky, Paul London, Tazz, Chavo Guerrero, Hardcore Holly, Molly Holly, Funaki, and Michael Cole, performing their unique versions of Robert De Niro's "You talkin' to me?" line.
Gladiator with Stone Cold Steve Austin playing the role of Russell Crowe, airing as part of the opening video for the event.
Dark match: Booker T won a 30-man Interpromotional Battle Royal featuring: Paul London, Heidenreich, Spike Dudley, Nunzio, Funaki, Doug Basham, Danny Basham, Orlando Jordan, Mark Jindrak, Luther Reigns, Scotty 2 Hotty, Hardcore Holly, Charlie Haas, Billy Kidman, Akio from SmackDown! and Simon Dean, William Regal, Tajiri, Rob Conway, Sylvain Grenier, Snitsky, The Hurricane, Rosey, Chris Masters, Viscera, Rhyno, Val Venis, Tyson Tomko, Maven from Raw (16:33)
Booker T won by eliminating Chris Masters last.
Rey Mysterio defeated Eddie Guerrero (12:39)
Mysterio pinned Guerrero with a Hurricanrana.
Edge defeated Chris Jericho, Shelton Benjamin, Chris Benoit, Christian (w/Tyson Tomko) and Kane in the first Money in the Bank ladder match (15:17)
Edge won by climbing a ladder and retrieving the briefcase hanging above the ring.
Hulk Hogan made a surprise appearance saving Eugene from an onslaught by Muhammad Hassan and Daivari, both of whom were infuriated for being excluded from the event.
The Undertaker defeated Randy Orton (14:14)
Undertaker pinned Orton after a Tombstone Piledriver.
During the match, Cowboy Bob Orton interfered on behalf of his son.
Trish Stratus defeated Christy Hemme (w/Lita) to retain the WWE Women's Championship (4:11)
Stratus pinned Hemme after a Chick Kick.
Kurt Angle defeated Shawn Michaels (27:25)
Angle forced Michaels to submit with the Ankle Lock.
Piper's Pit segment with guest Steve Austin
"Rowdy" Roddy Piper confronted "Stone Cold" Steve Austin until Carlito interrupted and began to insult them. This resulted in Carlito receiving a Stone Cold Stunner from Austin and Piper throwing him out of the ring. Both ended the segment celebrating with beer until Austin gave Piper a Stone Cold Stunner as well.
Akebono defeated The Big Show in a Sumo Match (1:02)
Akebono defeated Big Show by throwing him out of the ring.
John Cena defeated John "Bradshaw" Layfield to win the WWE Championship (11:26)
Cena pinned JBL after an FU.
During JBL's entrance, $100 dollar bills with JBL's face on them rained down on the crowd.
"Mean" Gene Okerlund introduced the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2005:
"The Mouth of the South" Jimmy Hart, "Mr. Wonderful" Paul Orndorff, The Iron Sheik, "Cowboy" Bob Orton, Nikolai Volkoff, "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, and Hulk Hogan.
Batista defeated Triple H (w/Ric Flair) to win the World Heavyweight Championship (21:34)
Batista pinned Triple H after a Batista Bomb.
Motörhead performed "The Game" live during Triple H's entrance.
Other on-screen talent

References

Other websites 
The Official Website of WrestleMania 21 
WrestleMania 21 Highest Grossing WWE Event Ever at STAPLES Center in Los Angeles as Record 20,193 Attend Annual Pop Culture Extravaganza 

2005 in professional wrestling
Sports in Los Angeles
WrestleMania
2005 in American television
2000s in Los Angeles, California
The tangor is a citrus fruit. It is a hybrid of the tangerine and the sweet orange. The name "tangor" is a mix of the "tang" in tangerine and the "or" in orange.

Citrus
The Imperial lemon is a lemon and grapefruit hybrid. It is a citrus fruit. Its fruit is slightly larger than a lemon but smaller than a cherimoya.

Citrus