Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Tin chloride may refer to either of these compounds:

Tin(II) chloride, stannous chloride, colorless solid, reducing agent
Tin(IV) chloride, stannic chloride, irritating liquid, oxidizing agent
Caesium 137 is an isotope of caesium. It is radioactive. It is often a by-product of nuclear fission. It has a half life of about 30 years. Many areas where nuclear accidents have occurred, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, are contaminated with caesium-137.

Isotopes
Tin(IV) oxide, also known as tin dioxide or stannic oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SnO2. It has tin and oxide ions in it. It has tin in its +4 oxidation state.

Properties
It is a white powdery solid. It reacts with acids to produce stannic salts, such as tin(IV) chloride with hydrochloric acid. It reacts with strong bases to make stannites. It reacts with carbon at a high temperature to make tin metal.

Occurrence
It is found as cassiterite in the mineral form. Cassiterite is an ore of tin.

Preparation
It can be made in pure form by burning powdered tin in air.

Sn + O2 → SnO2

Uses
It is used to detect carbon monoxide. It is also used as a catalyst for certain reactions. It is also used to make ceramics opaque (not clear). It is used in sensors of gases that can burn. A tin(IV) oxide wire is heated. When a flammable gas flows over it, it can conduct a little electricity. The sensor measures the electricity.

Related pages
Tin(II) oxide
Tin(II) chloride

Tin compounds
Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope of strontium. It has a half life of roughly 29 years. Strontium-90 and strontium-89 have medical applications. They are used for radiation therapy,  in the treatment of certain bone cancers. Because its application generates a lot of heat it is sometimes used instead of Plutonium in nuclear power plants.

Isotopes
Tin(II) oxide, also known as stannous oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SnO. It has tin in an oxidation state of +2. It also has oxide ions in it.

Properties
It is normally a blue-black solid. It can be red but the red form is more unstable. It burns in air with a green flame to make tin(IV) oxide. It is a reducing agent. It is rarer than tin(IV) oxide. It dissolves in acids to make a colorless solution.

Preparation
It can be made by reacting sulfuric acid with tin and reacting the tin(II) sulfate made with sodium hydroxide to make the tin(II) oxide hydrate. This is heated to get the tin(II) oxide.

Uses
It is used in touchscreens. It is used to make a glass with gold in it called ruby glass.

Related pages
Tin(II) chloride

References

Tin compounds
Oxides
Tin oxide may refer to either of the following compounds:

Tin(II) oxide, rare, blue-black or red, flammable, stannous oxide
Tin(IV) oxide, common, white, stannic oxide
Chemical stability refers to the resistance of a chemical to change in a chemical reaction. Some chemicals, like gold, are very stable and resistant to change; but sodium is unstable and corrodes rapidly in the presence of air. When an atom has an extra electron or a missing electron, it is unstable. When that atom loses or gains the electron, it becomes stable. Stable atoms have lower energy than unstable ones.

Related pages
Chemical compound
Chemical equation
Chemistry

Physical chemistry
Materials science
Pisces () is the twelfth astrological sign in the Zodiac. It came from the Pisces constellation. In western astrology this sign is no longer aligned with the constellation. This is because of the precession of the equinoxes. It is also considered a water sign and one of the four mutable signs.

The Symbol 
The symbol represents fish, swimming in different directions. The two shapes are also crescents, facing outward, which represents the idea that Pisceans are open to new things and to change.

Astrology 
Pisces has been traditionally ruled by the planet Jupiter, but since its discovery, Neptune has been considered a modern ruler of this sign. Being the twelfth sign, Pisces is associated with the astrological twelfth house.

Individuals born when the Sun was in this sign are considered "Pisceans". The Sun can be seen 1n Pisces from about February 19 to March 20, ending at the moment of vernal equinox by definition under the tropical zodiac.
Under the sidereal zodiac, it is generally there from about March 15 to April 13.

 Birthstone= amethyst
 Starstone= Coral
 Colours= Sea Green
 Metal= Tin

Astrological signs
James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. Wilson was elected two times to the Continental Congress, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. He was a leading legal thinker, and he was one of the first six justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States.  Wilson was born in Scotland, but lived most of his life in Pennsylvania.
Early years
James Wilson was born in Carskerdo, near St. Andrews, Scotland. His parents were William Wilson and Alison Landall.  Wilson attended a number of universities in Scotland without attaining a degree. Imbued with the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment, he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in British America in 1766, carrying valuable letters of introduction. These helped Wilson to begin tutoring and then teaching at The Academy and College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania). He petitioned there for a degree and was awarded an honorary Master of Arts several months later.
Wilson started reading the law at the office of John Dickinson a short time later. After two years of studying, he got the bar in Philadelphia, and, in the following year (1767), set up his own practice in Reading, Pennsylvania. His office was very successful and he earned a small fortune in a few years. By then he had a small farm near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was handling cases in eight local counties, and was lecturing at The Academy and College of Philadelphia.

On 5 November 1771, he married Rachel Bird, daughter of William Bird and Bridgette Hulings, they had six children together.
Political career
In 1774, Wilson wrote a pamphlet saying that the British Parliament had no power in America.  He was for the Declaration of Independence when he was in the Continental Congress.  During the American Revolution, he served in the Pennsylvania State Militia.  He was also attacked at his house by a mob.  This was called the Fort Wilson riot.  Wilson also continued to practice law, and was France's lawyer in the U.S.

Wilson was one of the main political economists at the Constitutional Convention.  He gave more speeches than anyone but Gouverneur Morris.  He also proposed the three-fifths compromise, and sat on the Committee of Detail.

Wilson served on the United States Supreme Court from 1789 to 1798.  He was the first associate justice nominated by George Washington.

References 

1742 births
1798 deaths
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Ultratop 40 Singles, often called Ultratop 40, is the weekly chart of best-selling singles in Wallonia, Belgium. Its equivalent covering the Flanders region is Ultratop 50.  Both charts are made and published by the Ultratop organization.  Like the UK Singles Chart, Ultratop creates charts based on retail record sales of around 500 retail outlets and legal digital downloads.  Currently GfK is the market observer of the charts. The chart broadcasts on Radio Contact on Saturdays from 12:00 to 14:00. The combined number of Ultratop chart listeners on radio or TV stations exceeds two million each week.  To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the charts in 2005 a jubilee book was published.  It covered all the 15,282 singles from 5,882 artists thus far.

Related pages
Ultratop 50

References

Record charts
Ultratop 50 Singles, often called Ultratop 50, is the weekly chart of fifty best-selling singles in Flanders, Belgium.  Ultratop 50 and is produced and published by the Ultratop organization.  The chart has existed since March 31, 1995.  It is published in Dutch, French, and English, and is presented on several Belgian radio stations as well as on TMF Flanders television.

Its equivalent in the Wallonia region of Belgium is known as the "Ultratop 40 Singles" chart.

Three other charts from the Ultratop organization bear similar names: two separate and usually different charts named "Ultratop 50 Albums" tracking weekly album performance in the Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia regions, respectively; and one chart named "Ultratop 50 Alternative Albums". All of these charts, too, are published in three languages.

Related pages
Ultratop 40

Record charts
Not to be confused with Circuit de Valencia

The Valencia Street Circuit is a semi-permanent street circuit in Valencia Spain. The circuit will host the Formula One European Grand Prix for seven years starting in  The first Formula One race on the circuit was held on 24 August 2008, with Felipe Massa winning the event, the European Grand Prix. The circuit uses the roads around the city's harbour and America's Cup port area. One section of the circuit uses a 140 metre long swing bridge. 
It also includes some roads designed to be used only for racing purposes by the German architect Hermann Tilke. Tilke also designed the buildings used for the circuit.
History 
The deal to host the Valencia race was signed on 1 June 2007. It will last for seven years. The deal was made with the Valmor Sport group. The official track layout was unveiled by Valencia councillor and transport minister, Mario Flores, on 19 July 2007. The track was first used in the last weekend of July 2008. The circuit hosted a round of the Spanish F3 Championship and International GT Open. It was first used for the European Grand Prix on 24 August 2008.

Layout
The track is  long and incorporates a total of 25 turns. There are 11 right-hand turns and 14 left-hand turns. It is estimated that the track has a top speed of around . Valencia is not as tight as Circuit de Monaco. There are not very many places to pass. The straights not not very straight the track gets very dusty off line.
The circuit has been criticised by the drivers for its lack of overtaking opportunites. There have only been 4 recorded passes in the first race held in 2008, and no passes in 2009. There is little space in the circuit to make changes to improve passing.

References

Other websites 

The F1 Valencia Street Circuit Official Site 
Valencia Street Circuit guide from Official F1 Site
Valencia F1 Street Circuit in Google Maps

Formula One circuits
Sport in Spain
Valencia
Circuit Ricardo Tormo (also known as Circuit de Valencia and officially named "Circuit de la Comunitat Valenciana Ricardo Tormo") is a motorsport race track located in Cheste (Valencia, Spain) and built in 1999. It has a capacity of 120,000 spectators and seating for 60,000.  It is often used as a test track by the Formula One teams, because of the mild temperatures in winter. Anthony Davidson holds the unofficial lap record, set in 2006 while testing a Honda, with a time of 1 m 08.540sec. The track hosts the MotoGP Valencian Community Grand Prix.

The track is named after Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer Ricardo Tormo (September 7, 1952 – December 27, 1998). Circuit Ricardo Tormo has been featured in a number of video games and simulations.

References

Other websites 

Circuit de Valencia – Official website

Formula One circuits
Province of Valencia
1999 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Spain
Jamie Szantyr (born June 2, 1981 in New Britain, Connecticut) is an American female professional wrestler currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Velvet Sky is a former TNA Knockout Tag Team Champion. Sky also appeared in the WWE from 2005-06. Sky formerly dated Former WWE wrestler Gregory Helms but they broke up.

Other websites 
 Velvet Sky's TNA profile 

1981 births
Living people
Female professional wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Connecticut
A Sydney funnel-web spider or Atrax robustus is a  funnel-web spiders. Their bite is very serious and venomous and has killed 13 people since 1927. It is found in Sydney, Australia.

Website
Sydney funnel-web spider at the Museum of Australia

Spiders
The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve is a motor racing circuit. It is the location the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix, NASCAR Canadian Tire Series,  NASCAR Nationwide Series and Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series.

The Canadian Grand Prix was held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve for 30 years. In , the race was dropped from the Formula One calendar and replaced with the new Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. On 27 November 2009, Quebec's officials and Canadian Grand Prix organisers announced an agreement with Formula One and signed a new five-year contract. Circuit Gilles Villeneuve will host the Canadian Grand Prix from  through the  seasons.
Circuit 
The circuit is located on Île Notre-Dame, a man-made island in the St. Lawrence River. It is part of the city of Montreal, was originally named the Île Notre-Dame Circuit. It was renamed in honour of Canadian Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, following his death in 1982. Gilles is the father of Jacques Villeneuve. The venue hosted the Champ Car World Series Grand Prix of Montreal from 2002 to 2006.
Barriers run close to the circuit and many experienced drivers have been caught out by them. A famous part of the circuit is the wall on the outside of the exit of the final chicane. The wall has the slogan Bienvenue au Québec ("Welcome to Quebec") painted on it. It has been giving the nickname "Mur du Québec" (Quebec Wall). In  the wall ended the race of three Formula One World Champions, Damon Hill, Michael Schumacher, and Jacques Villeneuve. FIA GT champion Ricardo Zonta also crashed into the wall. Since then the wall has been nicknamed "The Wall Of Champions". Other drivers who have crashed into the wall include Jenson Button, Fernando Alonso, and Juan Pablo Montoya.

The curbs leading to the final chicane were made higher in . The new curbs were more difficult for the drivers to see, making the chicane even more challenging.
On 23 June 2006, Canadian Press reported that the city of Montreal had awarded Normand Legault the right to stage the race weekends on the track. Legault is the promoter of the Formula One race. The deal run until 2011, with an option to go to 2016. Legault decided to replace the Champ Car race with races from the Grand American Road Racing Association's Rolex Series and NASCAR's Nationwide Series. This would be NASCAR's first race in Canada. On 4 August 2007, Kevin Harvick made history by winning the first Nationwide Series (then Busch Series) race at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve.

The NASCAR races have changed the circuit layout. The pit lanes were expanded. NASCAR pit lane must handle at least 43 cars.
As part of Parc Jean-Drapeau, the Circuit is open to visitors, between races, for walking, running, biking, in-line skating, etc. During the few days of the Grand Prix, Île Notre-Dame is one of the noisiest places in Montreal. At just about any other time of the year, it is one of the quietest, being located in the middle of a river, on an island filled with greenery and animals, joggers and cyclists.

Comparison of different series at the circuit 
As the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve serves as host to different racing series, it is possible to directly compare different race series' lap times.

In 2002, former Champ Car Champion Juan Pablo Montoya set pole position for the  Canadian Grand Prix with a lap time of 1:12.836. Several weeks later, during the inaugural Champ Car Grand Prix of Montreal, Cristiano Da Matta set pole position with a lap time of 1:18.959.
2006 was the last year Champ Car and F1 ran on the same track. The pole position in Formula One was set by Fernando Alonso in a time of 1:14.942. Sébastien Bourdais set pole in 1:20.005 in Champ Car. 

In 2007 NASCAR Nationwide Series (then Busch Series) driver Patrick Carpentier set a pole time of 1:42.086. The track record for the Rolex Sports Car Series is 1:33.199 set by Scott Pruett in 2008.

Related pages
 Other Montreal area race tracks
 Circuit Mont-Tremblant
 Sanair Super Speedway

References

Other websites

 Statistics from official F1 site
 Google Maps
 Parc Jean-Drapeau

Formula One circuits
NASCAR races
1978 establishments in Canada
A1, A-1 or A.1. may refer to:

Education 
 A1, the Basic Language Certificate of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
 Language A1, the former name for "Language A: literature", one of the IB Group 1 subjects
 A1, a secondary school subdivision in the  Congolese education system
 A1, a baccalauréat series in the education system of some parts of France
 A1, a baccalaureate in the Gabonese education system, see Education in Gabon
 A1, the highest category of Qualified Flying Instructor in the Central Flying School of the UK Royal Air Force
Grades 
 A1, a grade for the Leaving Certificate, a qualification in the education system of Ireland
 A1, the highest available grade for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia examination in Malaysia
 A1, a grade for the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination in Nigeria, see Education in Nigeria
 A1, a grade for the Singaporean GCE 'O' Level, an examination in the education system of Singapore
 A-1, an Academic grading in Pakistan commonly used in the education system of Pakistan

Entertainment

Books, magazines, comics and manga 
 A1 (comics), a comics anthology
 A-1 Comics, a 1944–1955 Golden Age comics publication
 A1—The Great North Road, a book by Paul Graham (photographer)

Cinema and movies 
 A-1 Headline, a 2004 Hong Kong movie
 A 001, operazione Giamaica (Our Man in Jamaica), a 1965 Italian adventure movie directed by Ernst R. von Theumer
 A1, a 1999 Syrian movie, see List of Syrian movies
 A1 (2019 movie), Indian Tamil movie
Companies 
 A1 Film Company, a Burmese cinema company
 A-1 Pictures, a Japanese animation studio

Games 
 A1 Games, an American video game publisher for the PlayStation
 A1 – Slave Pits of the Undercity, a part of Scourge of the Slave Lords, and adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game
 Larsen's Opening, a chess move, A01 in ECO code
 A1, a square on a chessboard

Music and dance 
 Aone Beats or Aone, music producer
 A1, a part in contra dance choreography
 A-1 Sound Studios, a recording studio owned by Herb Abramson
 A-1, an American rap group behind the album Mash Confusion
 A-One (band), a Mandopop group
 A1 (band), a British-Norwegian boy band
 A1 Bentley, rapper and reality TV star (from Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood)
 A1 x J1, teenage rappers who had a hit with "Latest Trends" featuring Aitch

Albums 
 A1, an album by Ertuğ Ergin
 A1, an album by Tony Cetinski
 A One, an album by Ayumi Hamasaki
 A1 (album), a 2002 album by Norwegian band A1
Television and radio 
 A-One (TV channel), a Russian music channel
 A1 TV channel (Macedonia)
 A1 Report, a television station in Albania
 America One, an American television network
 A 1, see List of radio stations in Austria and Liechtenstein
 A1, a promotional name for CHIN (AM) radio in Canada
 A1, a Slovenian radio network owned by Radiotelevizija Slovenija
 A-1 Detective Agency, a fictional detective agency in the radio series I Love a Mystery

Science

Astronomy 
 A1, a class of star, see stellar classification
 "A1" subobject designations, including:
 NGC 3603-A1

Roads 
A1 roads in several countries; see List of A1 roads
The Last Airbender is a 2010 American adventure fantasy movie released on 2 July 2010. It is a live-action movie adaptation based on the first season of the Avatar: The Last Airbender. The movie stars Noah Ringer as Aang, the main hero of the story. Aang and his friends, Katara and Sokka, journey to the North Pole to find a Waterbending master to teach Aang and Katara how control the water. At the same time, Fire Lord Ozai, the current Fire Lord of the Fire Nation, is waging a seemingly endless war against the Earth Kingdom, the Water Tribes, and the already vanquished Air Nomads. The movie also stars Nicola Peltz, Jackson Rathbone, and Dev Patel.
The first of a planned trilogy, The Last Airbender was created by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies. Development for a movie began in 2007; it was adapted into a movie by M. Night Shyamalan, who also directed and produced. Other producers include Frank Marshall, Kathleen Kennedy, Sam Mercer and Scott Aversano. The series from which it was adapted (the first season of Avatar: The Last Airbender) was created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. Filming began in mid-March 2009; the movie was released in both traditional two-dimensional projectors, as well as in 3D (using the RealD 3D format).
The Last Airbender was made for $150 million and marketed with a budget of $130 million, making total costs at least $280 million. Other estimates put the cost between $100 million and $110 million, while various news sources reported the whole Last Airbender trilogy would be made for around $250 million. Premiering in New York City on 30 June, 2010, it opened in the USA the following day, grossing an estimated $16 million. The movie has received extremely negative reviews and is widely considered to be one of the worst movies of all time. It won 5 razzies in 2011, including Worst Picture and Worst Eye-Gouging Mis-Use of 3D.

Story
Story

The movie begins with Katara and Sokka finding an iceberg and freeing Aang, the last airbender, and his flying bison, Appa. This attracts the attention of Zuko. Arriving to the Southern Water Tribe, Zuko demands the elderly under the impression that Avatar is an old person until Aang is found. Aang surrenders himself to Zuko as long as he agrees to leave the village alone. Eventually he manages to maneuver away from the guards before Katara and Sokka arrive on Appa, making their escape. Aang and friends visit the Southern Air Temple where the Avatar learns that he was in the ice for 100 years and the Fire Nation killed all the airbenders. It was there Aang meets up with the only known remaining "flying lemur", naming it "Momo" as it joins Aang's group.
Upon arriving, Aang's group is welcomed warmly by the citizens of the Northern Water Tribe. Sokka falls in love with Princess Yue, while Aang and Katara master their waterbending skills under master Pakku. Once the Fire Nation armada arrives, Zhao begins his attack while Zuko infiltrates the tribe on his own, capturing Aang while he entered the spirit world to find the dragon spirit to give him the wisdom to defeat the Fire Nation. Coming to his senses, Aang battles Zuko before Katara freezes him. As the battles escalates, Iroh watches Zhao slay the moon spirit Tui, causing the Waterbenders to lose all of their powers and abilities to Waterbend. However, Yue, who was imbued with some of the energy of the Moon Spirit when she was a newborn, sacrifices her life to revive the Moon Spirit. As Zhao is drowned by Northern Waterbenders after Zuko and Iroh leave him to his fate, Aang uses the ocean to drive the armada back
. Aang now fully embraces his destiny as the Avatar and prepares to continue their struggle against Ozai. When news of Zhao's death and Iroh's betrayal reaches him, Ozai appoints his daughter Azula to capture both her uncle and older brother while hindering the Avatar in any way before Sozin's Comet makes its return within three years time.
Noah Ringer as Aang, who disappeared 100 years ago.  While chronologically 112 years old, Aang still retains his biological age of 12. He is the latest reincarnation of the Avatar.  Though he is able of bending all four elements, at the beginning of the movie he has only learned to airbend.
 Dev Patel as Prince Zuko, a Fire Nation prince who travels with his uncle Iroh. He must capture the Avatar, to come back home and return the throne.
 Nicola Peltz as Katara, the last waterbender of South Pole. She and Sokka find Aang into an iceberg.
 Jackson Rathbone as Sokka, a warrior from the Southern Water Tribe and Katara's older brother. He cannot bending, but is extremely intelligent.
 Shaun Toub as Iroh, Zuko's uncle and older brother of Ozai. In past, a great general of Fire Nation.
 Aasif Mandvi as Admiral Zhao, a hot-tempered Fire Nation Commander who also want to capture the Avatar. But, in the end of the movie, he died.
 Seychelle Gabriel as Princess Yue, the princess of the Northern Water Tribe.
Cliff Curtis as Fire Lord Ozai, the leader of the Fire Nation as well as Prince Zuko's father. He is a secondary antagonist of the movie, and the main antagonist of the series.
References

Other websites

 
 
 

2010 3D movies
2010 action movies
2010 adventure movies
2010s American action movies
2010s American adventure movies
2010s American fantasy movies
Movies about reincarnation
Avatar: The Last Airbender
Movies set in Antarctica
2010s English-language movies
Movies composed by James Newton Howard
Movies directed by M. Night Shyamalan
Screenplays by M. Night Shyamalan
A season finale (British English: last in the series; Australian English: season final) is the final episode of a season of a television program. This is often the final episode to be produced for a few months or longer, and, as such, will try to attract viewers to continue watching when the series begins again.

A season finale may contain a cliffhanger ending to be resolved in the next season. Alternatively, a season finale could bring open-ended storylines to a close, "going out on a high" and similarly maintaining interest in the series' eventual return.
Notable examples
 Dallas (1978–1991) — Most seasons of the US soap opera finished with a cliffhanger ending, most famously the “Who shot J.R.?” storyline in 1980, when an attempt on J.R. Ewing's life takes place in “A House Divided”, the finale of season 2; the mystery is solved four episodes later in “Who Done It” (season 3).
Star Trek: The Next Generation: "The Best of Both Worlds" (1990) — In the third season finale, the Borg attack several Federation colonies and when the Enterprise finally catches up with them, they kidnap Captain Picard.  The Enterprise'''s normal weapons have very little effect on the Borg ship, so the crew devises a way to channel a massive amount of energy into the main deflector dish, turning it into a massive weapon.  An Enterprise away team boards the Borg ship to try and rescue Picard, but discover that he has been assimilated — he is now Locutus of Borg.  The episode ends with Locutus informing the Enterprise that they will be assimilated as well.  Riker's only response is "Mr. Worf, fire."  This episode (and its conclusion) are widely regarded by fans to be the best episodes of the entire Star Trek franchise.  This was also one of the first cliffhangers outside of a soap opera.
Friends: "The One with Ross's Wedding" (1998) — In the fourth season finale of the American sitcom, Ross and several main characters travel to London for his wedding to Emily Waltham. Rachel unexpectedly arrives, intending to tell Ross she loves him and possibly stop the wedding, but she decides against this at the last minute and the ceremony goes ahead as planned. However, during the vows Ross says Rachel's name instead of Emily's, and the episode ends with the registrar asking whether he should continue the ceremony.  "The One in Vegas" (1999) — The fifth season of Friends ended with another cliffhanger, this time involving Ross and Rachel marrying drunkenly in Las Vegas, leading to their divorce in the following season.
Frasier: "Something Borrowed, Someone Blue" (2000) — At the end of the seventh season, the major plotline involving Niles's secret love for Daphne ended, as Daphne seemingly rejects Niles on the night before her wedding, but then joins him in the final scene and asks him to take her away with him, and they leave as her wedding to Donny is supposed to be beginning.
 Blackadder: "The Black Seal" (1983), "Chains" (1986), "Duel and Duality" (1987) — Along with "Goodbyeee" (1989), the final episodes of the Blackadder series took a liberty that many series would be unable to take, by killing off the major characters (apart from in Blackadder the Third when only Prince George died). This reinforces the idea that the four series stand alone from each other, and the series' general black humor.
Green Wing: series 1 finale (2004) and series 2 finale (2006) — In an ironic parody of certain season finales, both series of the British hospital sitcom Green Wing conclude with literal cliffhangers. In series 1, Guy discovers that Joanna is his biological mother, directly after sleeping with her. In a confused rage, he steals an ambulance (with Mac and Martin managing to jump aboard), and drives it to the edge of a cliff. In series 2 Dr. Statham, having accidentally killed a dwarf, worries that the police are about to find and arrest him and Joanna, so hijacks a couple's campervan (Martin again rides in the back), but Dr. Statham takes them to the edge of the same cliff. Their survival is not explained in the following Green Wing Special, and this plot device could be a criticism of the "cliffhanger" method of generating tension and ratings.
Farscape: Bad Timing (2003) was written as the finale of the series' fourth season, ending on a cliffhanger where it appears John Crichton and Aeryn Sun had been killed. The SciFi Channel had announced the series' cancellation several months earlier, and despite intense fan pressure on the network, negotiations between SciFi and the Jim Henson Company failed to renew the series. In protest to the cancellation, the Henson company retained the "To be continued" titles at the end of the episode. The cliffhanger was eventually resolved in the Peacekeeper Wars two-part miniseries.
Series finale

The final episode of a television series often concludes the entire premise of the show.

There are examples of episodes, ostensibly having been the "season finale", unexpectedly becoming the de facto series finale due to the cancellation of the series. Recent examples of this include John Doe, Invasion, Two Guys and a Girl,  Instant Star, Las Vegas and Everybody Hates Chris''.

In sports

In American English, the term has developed to describe the final event of a sporting season, e.g. in soccer or Motocross, perhaps partly because of the popularity of these with television viewers.

References

Television series
In television, a season premiere refers to the first episode of a new television season for a series that has been renewed.

In North America, a given show's season premiere often airs in September or October, after several months of reruns.

Characteristics

A season premiere usually has one or more of the following characteristics:
Resolutions to cliffhangers and other plots left unresolved in the previous season's season finale.
 Introductions of new storylines. Some stock examples might include a character having a new job (or losing one), a character gets a new love interest (or an existing relationship either ends or enters a new phase), children entering a new school, the core group of characters move to a new home (or hangout, etc.) ... and the list goes on.
Often, one or more of these stories will introduce a fundamental change to a particular show. An example is Archie Bunker's Place, where Archie's wife, Edith, died and the characters deal with her death. Subsequent episodes had Archie adjusting to life as a widower and re-entering the dating scene.
One-up episodes with plots or special guest stars meant to entice viewers. Some shows feature a special guest star (e.g., Don Drysdale on a season premiere episode of The Brady Bunch or Jerry Seinfeld on a season premiere of 30 Rock); others might have multi-part "adventures," such as the Bradys' family vacations to Grand Canyon and Hawaii.
 A change in central setting or, to a lesser extent, remodeling of the setting.
 Introductions of new characters, frequently to boost the ratings of a veteran show, two examples are John Doggett in season eight and Monica Reyes in season nine of The X-Files.
 In the case of game shows, the introduction of new (or revised) rules, new bonus games, rules concerning prizes (such as what can be won), and/or new models.
 The show airing at a new day and/or timeslot, either to improve sagging ratings or - if the ratings are high - to anchor a line-up of new and veteran programs.
Ashley Nichole Simmons (born February 5, 1986 in West Lafayette, Ohio) is an American female professional wrestler currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Madison Rayne is a former TNA Knockout Tag Team Champion with Lacey Von Erich and Velvet Sky and is a former two-time TNA Women's Knockout Champion. Rayne is currently part of the stable, The Beautiful People.

Other websites 
 Madison Rayne's Official website
 Madison Rayne's TNA profile 

1986 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Ohio
All Elite Wrestling people
Impact Wrestling alumni
Michael Anthony Orlando Cassavitis  (born April 3, 1944), known professionally as Tony Orlando, is an American singer. He is best known for being in the singing group, Tony Orlando and Dawn, also the name of a television show that was popular for variety entertainment. They were known for singing the songs, "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "Knock Three Times", and "He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)".

Orlando is from Greek, Latino, and Puerto Rican descent.

Websites
Tony Orlando's Official website

1944 births
Living people
Singers from New York City
Actors from New York City
American television actors
American movie actors
American pop singers
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) is a large evergreen tree in the genus Pseudotsuga in the plant family Pinaceae. The tree is native to British Columbia, Idaho and Colorado.

Conifers
Trees
A1 is the official title of the Great Northern Road in England. It runs up the eastern side of England from London to Edinburgh in Scotland. It is six hundred and sixty kilometres long, making it the longest numbered road in the U.K.. The A1 has six major junctions with motorways, and over twenty major junctions with other A roads.

The A1 follows, for much of the way, the course of a Roman road, Ermine Street, and the old coach route to Edinburgh. It is not a motorway, but a lot of it is now built to motorway standards. It is one of two main roads going from London to Northern England, the other being the M1 motorway.
Passing through Nottinghamshire, the road skirts the remains of Sherwood Forest. Scotch Corner, in North Yorkshire, marks the point where the traffic for Glasgow and the west of Scotland divides from that for Edinburgh, as it has for hundreds of years before car traffic. From North Yorkshire to Durham the road follows, for part of the way, another Roman road called Dere Street. This road ran from Eboracum (York) to the Antonine Wall in the lowlands of present-day Scotland.

Some parts of the A1 are motorways, and these parts are numbered A1(M).

References

Roads in the United Kingdom
The Roman roads in Britain were, with Roman aqueducts, and the Roman army, one of the most impressive features of the Roman Empire in Britain.

In Britannia, as in other provinces, the Romans constructed a network of paved trunk roads to (surfaced highways). In their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 – 410 AD) they built about 2,000 miles of Roman roads in Britain. They are shown on the Ordnance Survey's Map of Roman Britain. This is the most accurate and up-to-date layout of certain and probable routes that is available to the general public.
The pre-Roman Britons used unpaved trackways, including ancient ones running along the ridges of hills, such as the South Downs Way, now a public long-distance footpath. In contrast, most of the Roman network was surveyed and built from scratch, with the aim of connecting key points by the most direct possible route. The roads were all paved, to permit heavy freight-wagons to be used in all seasons and weather.
 
Most of the known network was complete by 180 AD. Its main purpose was to allow the rapid movement of troops and military supplies. It was also vital for trade and the transport of goods.

Roman roads remained in use as trunk roads for centuries after the Romans withdrew from Britain in 410 AD. Systematic construction of paved highways did not resume in England until the 18th century.

Construction of Roman roads
The Romans became expert at constructing roads, which they called viae. It was permitted to walk or drive cattle, vehicles, or traffic of any description along the road. The viae differed from the many other smaller or rougher roads, bridle-paths, drifts, and tracks. By law, the minimum width of a via was fixed at 2.4 m where it was straight, and 4.9 m where it turned.
 
The best sources of information as regards the construction of a regulation via munita are:
 The many existing remains of víae publicae. These are often sufficiently well preserved to show that the rules were, as far as local material allowed, closely followed in practice.
 The directions for making pavements given by Vitruvius. The pavement and the via munita were identical in construction, except as regards the top layer.
 A passage in Statius describing the repairs a branch road of the Via Appia (Appian Way).
After the civil engineer looked over the site of the proposed road and determined roughly where it should go, the agrimensores went to work surveying the road bed. They used two main devices, the rod and a device called a groma, which helped them obtain right angles. The rod men put down a line of rods called the rigor. A surveyor looked along the rods and told the gromatici to move them as required. Using the gromae they then laid out a grid on the plan of the road.

The libratores then began their work using ploughs and, sometimes with the help of legionaries, with spades dug down to bed rock or at least to the firmest ground they could find. The excavation was called the fossa, "ditch". The depth varied according to terrain.
In top-quality roads, there were five layers, plus footpaths and kerbstones:
Native earth, levelled and, if necessary, rammed tight.
Statumen: stones of a size to fill the hand.
Audits: rubble or concrete of broken stones and lime.
Nucleus: kernel or bedding of fine cement made of pounded potshards and lime.
Dorsum or agger viae: the elliptical surface or crown of the road (media stratae eminentia) made of polygonal blocks of silex (basaltic lava) or rectangular blocks of saxum qitadratum (travertine, peperino, or other stone of the country). The upper surface was designed to cast off rain or water like the shell of a tortoise. The lower surfaces of the separate stones, here shown as flat, were sometimes cut to a point or edge in order to grasp the nucleus, or next layer, more firmly.
Crepido, or semita: raised footway, or sidewalk, on each side of the via.
Umbones or edge-stones.
The method varied according to place, materials available and terrain, but the plan was always the same. The roadbed was layered. The road was constructed by filling the ditch. This was done by layering rock over other stones.

Into the fossa was dumped large amounts of rubble, gravel and stone, whatever fill was available. Sometimes a layer of sand was put down, if it could be found. When it came to within 1 yd (1 m) or so of the surface it was covered with gravel and tamped down, a process called pavire, or pavimentare. The flat surface was then the pavimentum. It could be used as the road, or additional layers could be constructed. A statumen or "foundation" of flat stones set in cement might support the additional layers.
The final steps used concrete, which the Romans had rediscovered (it had been used in Ancient Egypt). They seem to have mixed the mortar and the stones in the fossa. First a small layer of coarse concrete, the rudus, then a little layer of fine concrete, the nucleus, went onto the pavement or statumen. Into or onto the nucleus went a course of polygonal or square paving stones, called the summa crusta. The crusta was crowned for drainage.

An example is found in an early basalt road by the Temple of Saturn on the Clivus Capitolinus. It had travertine paving, polygonal basalt blocks, concrete bedding (substituted for the gravel), and a rain-water gutter.

Main Roman roads 
Watling Street
Ermine Street
Dere Street
Stane Street
Fosse Way
Portway
Akeman Street

References
Cameron Giles (born February 4, 1976 in Harlem, New York) is an American rapper better known by his stage names Cam'ron or Killa Cam. 

Cam'ron was known for popularising the color pink. He demonstrated in his music video for "Killa Cam", where he was wearing all pink clothing and drove a pink Range Rover.

Cam'ron started the "Stop Snitchin'" campaign after he was shot outside a nightclub in his Lamborghini. The gunman was trying to carjack him. Cam'ron said in a 60 Minutes interview that he did not know the gunman. He did not want to help the police because he did not want to be a snitch and it would hurt his record sales. He also mentioned his Stop Snitchin' campaign in another 60 Minutes interview when Anderson Cooper asked him, "If there was a serial killer living next to you, you wouldn't tell the police?" He replied, "I would probably move."

Studio albums 
Cam'ron has released 7 studio albums:
Filmography
 Paid in Full (2002)
Death of a Dynasty (2003)
 State Property 2 (2005)
 Killa Season (2006)
 Rap Sheet: Hip-Hop and the Cops (2006)
 First Of The Month (2012)
 Percentage (2013)
 Love & Hip Hop: New York (2012; 2016–2017)
 Honor Up (2018)
 Queens (2021)

References

Other websites
 Cam'ron's Myspace

1976 births
Living people
Rappers from New York (state)
Musicians from New York City
Kaihin-Makuhari Station (海浜幕張駅,かいひんまくはりえき) is a railway station of East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Mihama-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This is the nearest station to Makuhari Messe, Chiba Marine Stadium, and the AEON headquarters.

Adjacent stations
 JR East
  Keiyō Line
 Commuter Rapid
 Pass
 Rapid
 Minami-Funabashi - Kaihin-Makuhari - Kemigawa-Hama
 Local
 Shin-Narashino - Kaihin-Makuhari - Kemigawa-Hama

Other websites

 JR East station information 
 Kaihimmakuhari Station bus terminal map 
 Keisei Bus Makuhari New City route map 

Railway stations in Chiba Prefecture
Not to be confused with Nippombashi Station in Osaka, Japan.

Nihombashi Station (日本橋駅,にほんばしえき) is a railway station of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

Adjacent stations
 Tokyo Metro
 Ginza Line
 Kyōbashi （G 10） - Nihombashi （G 11） - Mitsukoshimae （G 12）
 Tōzai Line
 Rapid, Local
 Ōtemachi （T 09） - Nihombashi （T 10） - Kayabachō （T 11）
 Toei Subway
 Toei Asakusa Line
 Airport Rapid, Airport Access Express, Airport Rapid Limited Express
 Shimbashi （A 10） - Nihombashi （A 13） - Higashi-Nihombashi （A 15）
 Local, Express, Rapid, Commuter Limited Express, Limited Express, Access Express, Rapid Limited Express
 Takarachō （A 12） - Nihombashi （A 13） - Ningyōchō （A 14）

Railway stations in Tokyo
1932 establishments in Asia
1930s establishments in Japan
Drew Brees (; born January 15, 1979) is a former American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints. A native of Austin, Texas, he played college football for Purdue and was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in 2001, where he was their starting quarterback until 2006. In 2009, he led the Saints to a Super Bowl championship and was named MVP of the game.

Sources

Other websites

 The Brees Dream Foundation
 
 New Orleans Saints bio

American football quarterbacks
New Orleans Saints players
San Diego Chargers players
Sportspeople from Austin, Texas
1979 births
Living people
Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969 in Panama City, Panama) is a baseball player.  He has played with the New York Yankees for many seasons.  He is a “closer”, a type of pitcher who pitches in the ninth inning.  Rivera is thought to be one of the best relief pitchers ever, and will probably be in the Baseball Hall of Fame.  Rivera throws a very fast “cutter” pitches that are good at striking out batters.  Rivera has more saves in the World Series than any other pitcher.  He also has more saves all-time then anybody, a record he set in 2011.  Mariano Rivera wears #42, and is the only player in Major League baseball to do so.  Rivera was born in Panama and played his first baseball there.

References

Awards Won
Rolaids Relief Man of the Year, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2009
DHL Delivery Man of the Year, 2005, 2006, 2009
2004 American League Championship Series MVP
World Series Champion, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2009
1969 births
American Christians
American League All-Stars
Living people
New York Yankees players
A taco truck is a truck that sells tacos and other types of Mexican food.  Some taco trucks also deal in fusion cuisine.  It is one of the most common types of food trucks.  In most taco trucks, the food is made in the truck.  Taco trucks and other food trucks are common around colleges, as college students often eat at them.  Though there are taco trucks all over the world, they are most often seen in Los Angeles and other Mexican-American cities.  In many cities, such as Los Angeles, regular restaurants have tried to shut down taco trucks.  This is because taco trucks sell food at a lower price than many restaurants.  Taco trucks have been criticized in the past for being dirty and unhealthy, but this is not the case anymore. Chicago is the only city in the United States which does not allow cooking on food trucks but Taquero Fusion, Chicago's Original Taco Truck, managed to figure out a way to provide gourmet tacos to their customers.

Related pages 
Food truck

Mexican food
Trucks
The Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is a type of shark of the genus Carcharhinus, family Carcharhinidae. They are mainly found in warm bodies of water in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The Silky shark is large, slim, and grows up to a maximum length of 3.3 metres (10 feet). The Silky shark gets its name from the fact that it has a smooth, "silky" texture.
The Silky shark feeds on bony fish such as tuna, mackerel, sardines, and mullets, and molluscs such as squid and paper nautilus. They have also been known to feed on the bodies of dead whales.
The Silky shark is classified as "Near Threatened" by the IUCN.
Description
 thumb|left | 250px | The Silky shark has a short first dorsal fin, and long pectoral fins
A large, slim shark, the Silky shark has a fairly stretched, rounded snout, a relatively slanting first dorsal fin with a blunt top that is located behind the edges of the pectoral fins, a small second dorsal fin with an extremely long free rear tip (more than two times the height), and a low inter-dorsal ridge (ridge between the dorsal fins). The pectoral fins are long and slim, and have dusky coloured tips.
Silky sharks are normally dark grey with a shade of bronze, but are sometimes a golden-brown colour. Their undersides are white. Except for the first dorsal fin, the tips of all the fins are a dusky colour; this is more visible among the young.
The upper teeth are widely triangular and slanted, becoming more diagonal toward the angle of the jaws which are strongly cut and heavily jagged on the sides. The lower teeth are raised with smooth edges. There is usually 1 to 2 symphysial teeth on both, the lower and upper jaw.
The dermal denticles are small, tightly packed and over-lapping, giving the hide a smooth or "silky" texture, giving the shark it's name.
The maximum length for this species is 3.3 metres (10 feet). Males mature at the lengths of 2.2-2.3 metres (9–10 years of age) and grow to a lesser size than females, which reach maturity at the lengths 2.3-2.5 metres (12 years of age), however, these numbers are different among the different populations of this species. Silky sharks weigh around 350 kilograms (770 pounds).
Taxonomy
thumb|left|250px|Müller and Henle's drawing of a Silky shark
The first specimen described was given the name Carcharias (Prionodon) falciformis by Johannes Müller and Jakob Henle in 1841. The genus name Carcharhinus comes from the Greek words "karcharos" which means "sharpen", and "rhinos" which means "nose". Other names given to the Silky shark are Squalus or Prionodon tiburo, Gymnorhinus or Gymnorrhinus pharaonis, Aprionodon sitankaiensis, Carcharhinus floridanus, Eulamia malpeloensis, and Carcharhinus atrodorsus.