Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Some types of brass are called bronzes.

Brass has a golden appearance. It is harder than pure metals and resists corrosion. It costs more than zinc.

There are some common brasses:
 Alpha brasses - with less than 40% zinc
 Beta brasses - 
 White brasses - with more than 45% zinc

Things brass are used to make include:
 Brass instruments
 Ornaments
 Electrical fittings
 Buttons
 Screws
 Taps
 Hinges
 Door knobs

Properties
Brass is more malleable than bronze or zinc. The melting point of brass can be 900 to 940 °C or 1,650 to 1,720 °F, depending on what it is made of. The density of brass is 8.4 to 8.73 g/cm3 (0.303 to 0.315 lb/cu in). 

Today, almost 90% of all brass alloys are recycled. Brass is not ferromagnetic. Brass scrap is collected and transported to the foundry. In the foundry, it is melted and recast into billets. The billets are heated and stretched into the form and size that is wanted.
Brass will corrode when it is exposed to moisture, chlorides, acetates, ammonia, and some acids.

Brass alloys 
There are many brass alloys. They include:

 Abyssinian gold
 Admiralty brass
 Aich's alloy
 Aluminum brass
 Arsenical brass
 Cartridge brass
 Common brass
 DZR brass
 Delta metal
 Free machining brass
 Gilding metal
 High brass
 Leaded brass
 Lead-free brass
 Low brass
 Manganese brass
 Muntz metal
 Naval brass
 Nickel brass
 Nordic gold
 Orichalcum
 Prince's metal
 Red brass
 Tombac
 Silicon tombac
 Tonval brass
 Yellow brass

References 

Alloys
Basic English 850 words
A body is the physical material of a person or organism. It is only used for organisms which are in one part or whole. There are organisms which change from single cells to whole organisms: for example, slime moulds. For them the term 'body' would mean the multicellular stage. Other uses:
Plant body
Cell body: here it may be used for cells like neurons which have long axons (nerve fibres). The cell body is the part with the nucleus in it.

The body of a dead person is also called a corpse or cadaver. The dead bodies of vertebrate animals and insects are sometimes called carcasses.

The human body has a head, neck, torso, two arms, two legs and the genitals of the groin, which differ between males and females.

The study of the body is anatomy.                                                                                                                                                                                            

The study of the workings of the body is physiology.
Here are the names of the body parts of a woman and a man. 

The word body is sometimes used in other ways.  For example, a lake is a body of water. The laws on a topic are a "body of law".

Related pages 
 Human body

Body parts
Basic English 850 words
An alloy is a uniform mixture. It is made up of two or more chemical elements, of which at least one is a metal. An alloy has properties different from the metals it is made of.

Most alloys are made by melting the metals, mixing them while they are liquid to form a solution, then leaving them to cool and turn solid again.

Theory 
Combining a pure metal with one or more other metals or non-metals often makes it better. For example, steel is an alloy made from iron but it is stronger than iron. Physical properties like density, reactivity and electrical and thermal (heat) conductivity may not be much different than the elements (substances) which make the alloy. But, properties like strength can be very much different.
The first alloy to be discovered was Bronze. Bronze is made from copper and tin. Bronze was discovered a very long time ago in  the prehistoric period. Then, bronze was being used for making tools and weapons. This period was known as Bronze Age. But, later better alloys were discovered which replaced bronze for making tools and weapons. Now, bronze is used for making ornaments, statues, and bells. Brass is another alloy made from copper and zinc.

Melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to liquid. Most alloys do not have a single melting point. They have a melting range in which the alloy is a mixture of solid and liquid stages. The temperature at which melting just starts is called solidus and the temperature at which the melting is just finished is called liquidus.

Terms related to alloys 
The term alloy means a mixture of atoms in which the main substance or the primary constituent is a metal. This primary metal is called the base or matrix.
If an alloy has only two types of atoms, like copper-nickel alloy, then such an alloy is called binary alloy. If an alloy has three types of atoms, like iron, nickel and chromium, then it is called a ternary alloy. An alloy with four types of atoms is called a quaternary alloy and an alloy with five types of atoms is called a quinary alloy.

Different varieties or forms of alloys can be made from the same constituent materials (substances from which the alloy is formed). These different forms or varieties can be formed by using different amounts of the constituents.

Some common alloys 
There are some common alloys:
Brass is made of 35% zinc and 65% copper and is used for musical instruments, jewellery, faucets and decorative hardware.
 Stainless steel is mostly iron, plus more than 11% chromium, and various amounts of nickel and carbon and is used for tableware, cookware and surgical tools.
 Steel is made of 99% iron and 1% carbon and is used for tools, car bodies, machinery, girders and rails.
 Bronze is made of mostly copper and some tin and is used for boat hardware, screws and grill work.
 Alnico is a mix of aluminium, nickel and cobalt, and it is used to make permanent magnets.

 
Metallurgy
Material is what everything that you can touch is made of. Even material that is too small to touch, is called material. We use materials to make things. We can also call material "physical substances."

Raw material is materials such as ores which we can clean and mix with other materials to make another material like steel, for example. Cotton is a raw material used to make textiles, which are used to make clothes. Material is not matter, though. Matter is everything in existence. Material is used for things that have use. Refined materials are materials that have been refined, like metal, reduced or converted into better, more useful materials like clothes and tools. Refined materials are usually mixes of other materials, like glue or steel.

Some important materials

 Metals
 Steel
 Aluminum
 Copper
 Gold
 Polymers
 Rubber
 Plastic
 Ceramics
 Glass
 Cement
 Stone
 Textiles
 Cotton fabric
 Wool fabric
 organic materials
 Leather
 Bone
 Paper
 Lumber/wood
 Glue
 Composites
 Fiberglass
 Concrete
Table of material properties

References
Function 
The brain does the thinking, learning, and feeling for the body. For humans, it is the source of consciousness. The brain also controls basic autonomic body actions, like breathing, digestion, heartbeat, that happen automatically. These activities, and much else, are governed by unconscious functions of the brain and nervous system. All the information about the world gathered by our senses is sent through nerves into the brain, allowing us to see, hear, smell, taste and feel things. The brain processes this information, and we experience it as pictures, sounds, and so on. The brain also uses nerves to tell the body what to do, for example by telling muscles to move or our heart to beat faster.

This is generally true but some activity is caused by the spinal cord directly, for example, reflex actions do not involve the brain. In lower animals, a good deal is done without their brain being involved.
All vertebrates have brains and, over time, their brains have evolved to become more complex. Some simple animals, however, like sponges, do not have anything like a brain. Segmented invertebrates have ganglions in each segment, and a ring of nervous tissue around the alimentary canal at the front. This acts to bring sense data from the front into play with the movement of the body.

Parts 
In mammals, the brain is made of three main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brainstem. The surface of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, which all vertebrates have. Mammals also have an extra layer, the neocortex. This is the key to the behaviour which is typical of mammals, especially humans.
Cerebral cortex 
The cortex has sensory, motor, and association areas. The sensory areas are the areas that receive and process information from the senses. The motor areas control voluntary movements, especially fine movements performed by the hand. The right half of the motor area controls the left side of the body, and vice versa. Association areas produce a meaningful experience of the world, and supports abstract thinking and language. This enables us to interact effectively. Most connections are from one area of the cortex to another, rather than to subcortical areas; The figure may be as high as 99%.

Cerebellum 
The cerebellum coordinates muscles so they work together. It is also the centre of keeping position and balance, and motor skills. It is one of the most ancient parts of the brain, and sits at the back underneath the cerebral cortex.
Thalamus 
The thalamus puts together the input from most of the senses. It is the place in the brain which makes the "picture" we have of the world outside us. The thalamus sits centrally under the cerebral cortex.

Brain stem 
The brain stem is at the back of the brain (actually underneath it in humans). It joins the rest of the brain with the spinal cord. It has lots of different parts that control different jobs in the body: for instance, the brain stem controls breathing, heartbeat, sneezing, eye blinking, and swallowing. Body temperature and hunger are also controlled by parts of the brain stem.
The volume of the human brain (relative to the size of the whole body) is very large, compared to that of most other animals. The human brain also has a very large surface (called cortex) for its size, which is possible because it is very wrinkled. If the human cortex were flattened, it would be close to a square meter in area. Some other animals also have very wrinkled brains, such as dolphins and elephants. Here is a rule of thumb: the larger an animal is, the larger its brain will be.p15 Even allowing for that, the human brain, and in particular the neocortex, is very large. We know it increased in size four-fold over the last several million years of evolution.p79 There are ideas about why this happened, but no-one is quite sure. Most theories suggest complex social activity and the evolution of language would make a larger brain advantageous.p80 As an additional note, Einstein's brain weighed only 1,230 grams, which is less than the average adult male brain (about 1,400 grams)
. The detailed organisation of a brain obviously matters, but in ways which are not understood at present.
Number of cells 
A human brain accounts for about 2% of the body's weight, but it uses about 20% of its energy. It has about 50–100 billion nerve cells (also called neurons), and roughly the same number of support cells, called glia. The job of neurons is to receive and send information to and from the rest of the body, while glia provide nutrients and guide blood flow to the neurons, allowing them to do their job. Each nerve cell has contact with as many as 10,000 other nerve cells through connections called synapses.

Related pages 

Spinal cord
Vertebrate brain
Human Connectome Project

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Sylvius: 400+ structure neuroanatomical visual glossary; used by over half of U.S. medical schools
 High-resolution cytoarchitectural primate brain atlases
Kolata, Gene 2013. The New York Times. In a first, experiment links brains of two rats February 28, 2013 
 Pais-Vieira, Miguel et al 2013. Nature Scientific Reports 3, #1319. A brain-to-brain interface for real-time sharing of sensorimotor information  doi:10.1038/srep01319

Basic English 850 words
A neuron (or neurone) is a nerve cell that carries electrical impulses. Neurons are the basic units of our nervous system.

Neurons have a cell body (soma or cyton), dendrites and an axon. Dendrites and axons are nerve fibers. There are about 86 billion neurons in the human brain. Almost all brain cells are neurons. The human brain has about 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. The neurons are supported by glial cells and astrocytes.

Neurons are connected to one another, but they do not actually touch each other. Instead they have tiny gaps called synapses. These gaps are chemical synapses or electrical synapses which pass the signal from one neuron to the next.

Neuron ( link )

Types of neurons
Types of neurons

By connection 
There are three classes of neurons: motor neurons, sensory neurons and inter neurons.
 Sensory neurons carry information from tissues and organs into the central nervous system.
 Motor neurons transport signals from the central nervous system to the effector cells.
 Interneurons connect neurons within the central nervous system.

By function 
Sensory neurons carry signals from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain.
Relay neurons carry messages between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system
Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to muscles, motor neurons are connected to the relay neurons. The signal passes between the neurons via synapses. Synapses are microscopic voids between cells where chemicals are released from the axon terminal of one cell to specialized chemical receptors on the dendrite of the receiving cell.
Cell division 
Mature neurons never divide: that is the general rule. They do not undergo cell division. In most cases, neurons are generated by special types of stem cells. A type of glial cell, called astrocytes, have also been seen to turn into neurons. In humans, neurogenesis (the origin of new nerve cells) largely ceases during adulthood  but in two brain areas, the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb, there is strong evidence for substantial numbers of new neurons..

Related pages 
Artificial neural network
Brain cell

References

Other websites 
 Fibrinogen found to inhibit EGFR in neuronal cells Blood clotting protein may inhibit spinal cord regeneration 
 Cell Centered Database  UC San Diego images of neurons.
 High resolution neuroanatomical images of primate and non-primate brains .

Anatomy of the nervous system
Cells
The Middle East is a large area of land in the eastern hemisphere. The lands of the Arabian Peninsula and some of the lands of the eastern Mediterranean are part of the Middle East. The Middle East's population is mostly Muslim. The name of the Middle East comes from its position to the east of Europe and to the west of the Far East. 

It is normal for the modern countries of Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates) to be counted with the modern countries of  Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine (the State of Palestine and Israel) as part of the Middle East.
Many ancient civilizations began in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. These were Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria in the area called Mesopotamia. The Abrahamic religions that believe in one God also started in the Middle East. (Judaism and Christianity began in ancient Palestine and Islam began in Arabia.) Today, the Middle East is the homeland of Arabs, Turks, Persians, Kurds, and Jews, among many other ethnic groups. Islam is the most common religion in the Middle East. Islam came to most of the Middle East's lands in the 7th century AD, during the first Muslim conquests of the Sasanian Empire and of the Roman Empire's lands.

Today, the Middle East is very important because much of the petroleum that other countries use comes from here. There are also many arguments and wars, such as the conflict between Sunni and Shia, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the Syrian civil war.

Related pages 

 Western Asia
 Central Asia
 East Asia
 South Asia
 Southeast Asia

References
Warsaw (In Polish: Warszawa) is the capital of Poland in Masovian Voivodeship. It is also the biggest city in that country. There are about 2,000,000 people living there (1,726,581 as of 31 March 2014). People from Warsaw are called "Varsovians".

There are other names for Warsaw. For example,  (Latin, Spanish) and Varsóvia (Portuguese),  (French),  (Italian),  (German, Dutch),  /Varshe (Yiddish),  (Lithuanian),  (Hungarian) and Varšava (Czech)

Geography 
Warsaw is near the middle of Poland on both sides of the Vistula river, and about 350 km (225 miles) from the Baltic Sea. It is about 100 m (325 ft) above sea level. Warsaw has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Koeppen climate classification).

Warsaw is home to four universities and 62 colleges, and many theatres and art galleries.

History 
People began living here in the 13th century. By the 15th century, Warsaw had grown enough to be called a city. It became the capital of Poland in 1596.
The city was destroyed several times in its history, but every time it was rebuilt. The most important of these times was during the Second World War. Poland had been occupied by Germany between 1939 and 1944. On 1 August 1944, the people of Warsaw started fighting to free their city.

Tourist attractions 
There are lot of attractions in the capital of Poland. The most famous monument of Warsaw is Palace of Culture and Science. There is a palace in Wilanów. The king of Poland John III Sobieski lived there. Many people like going to the Museum of Warsaw Uprising. The uprising started in 1944 during World War II

Partner cities 
-Athens, Greece

-Chicago, USA

- Rio de Janerio, Brazil

- The Hague, The Netherlands

Pictures of Warsaw

References

Other websites 

 Official web page of Warsaw 
 Official tourist web page of Warsaw 
 Interactive city map 
 Modern architecture in Warsaw 
 Historic images of Warsaw
The Hindu–Arabic numeral system, sometimes known as Arabic number system, is the system of Latin-script numbers used by almost all the world today. It is a positional notation system. This system has ten basic symbols, they are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. It represents numbers in the decimal numeral system. The Hindu–Arabic numeral system was first developed by the Hindu and Arabs. Later in the 16th century in Germany, it was changed and introduced to the rest of the western world by Albrecht Dürer. The Hindu–Arabic numeral system is one of the few numeral systems that use a place value system. This system is now commonly used all over the world.
They originated in India in the 6th or 7th century and were introduced to Europe through the writings of Middle Eastern mathematicians, especially al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi, about the 12th century.  They are very different from previous methods of counting, such as the abacus, and paved the way for the development of algebra.  In the past many other systems were used. Fibonacci popularized the Hindu–Arabic numeral system to the western world.

References 

Numbering systems
A point is a position in space which has no size, but which does have position.

In geometry, a point has no size, but has a position. This means it has no volume, area or length. We usually represent a point by a small cross 'X' or by a small dot (a small, round shape). Points are always labelled by capital letters (A, B, C...X, Y, Z). It is one of the most fundamental but undefined terms in geometry.

In general, two points can be:
 Coincident (they are one and the same)
 Not coincident (they are not one and the same)
and are always:
 Coplanar (on the same plane)
 Colinear (on the same line)
 Concyclic (on the same circle)

Three points can be:
 Colinear
 Coincident
 Not coincident
 Not colinear
and are always:
 Coplanar
 Concyclic

Four points can be: 
 Coplanar
 Colinear
 Coincident
 Not coincident
 Not colinear
 Not coplanar

Related pages 

 Line
 Plane

References 

Geometry
A line is the path of one point that is moving. A line is a type of geometric figure. A line has length, but no width. A line is made up of an endless number of points.

Straight and curved lines 

A line can be straight or curved. In geometry, the word line means a straight line. A straight line is the shortest distance between two points. A straight line is traced by a point moving in a direction that does not change.

A curved line is sometimes called a curve. The edge of a circle is not straight. It is an example of a curve.

Line segments 
A line segment is part of a line. Here are examples of straight line segments:

 _   __

Naming lines 
Lines can get their names from any two points on the line. For example, if a line contains two different points, named  and , then the line can be called either , or .

Sometimes, lines are named with just one symbol. A letter such as  might be used.
Two lines 
Two lines can be:
 Parallel: Two lines are parallel if they are on the same plane and they never touch.
 Concurrent: Two lines are concurrent if they touch on one point.
 Coincident: Two lines are coincident if they are made of the same points.
 Perpendicular: Two lines are perpendicular if they make four right angles where they touch.
 Skew: In Euclidean space, two lines are skew if they are not parallel but they never touch.

Related pages
 Linear function
 Point (geometry)
 Plane (mathematics)

References 

Basic English 850 words
Geometry
A plane is a perfectly flat surface extending in all directions. It can be thought of as the ceiling of a room, only extended into all directions infinitely. A plane has two dimensions: length and width. All planes are flat surfaces. If a surface is not flat, it is called a curved surface. 

The tool plane can be used to create a flat, level surface like the mathematical plane—hence the name.

In geometry, a plane is made up of an infinite number of lines (or points). It has no depth. It is absolutely flat and infinitely large.

A plane figure is part of a plane. It is named by the capital letters (such as A, B, C, ...X, Y, Z) that are put at its corners. Sometimes, a single capital pi  is also used to refer to a plane. A plane can also be named after three points that are not all on the same line.

In general, two planes can be:
 Parallel (they never meet)
 Concurrent (they meet forming a line)
 Coincident (they are one and the same)

Plane in mathematics
In mathematics, a plane is a fundamental two-dimensional object. Intuitively, it looks like a flat infinite sheet of paper. There are several definitions of the plane. They are equivalent in the sense of Euclidean geometry, but they can be extended in different ways to define objects in other areas of mathematics. The only two-dimensional figure in our three-dimensional world is a shadow.

In some areas of mathematics, such as plane geometry or 2D computer graphics, the whole space in which the work is carried out is a single plane. In such situations, the definite article is used: the plane. Many fundamental tasks in geometry, trigonometry and graphing are performed in the two dimensional space, or in other words, in the plane.
Euclidean geometry 
 	
A plane is a surface such that, given any three distinct points on the surface, the surface also contains all of the straight lines that pass through any two of them.
One can introduce a Cartesian coordinate system on a given plane in order to label every point on it with a unique ordered pair, which is composed of two numbers and is the coordinate of the point.

Within any Euclidean space, a plane is uniquely determined by any of the following combinations:

 Three points which are not lying on the same line
 A line and a point not on the line
 Two different lines which intersect
 Two different lines which are parallel
 A vector normal to the plane and a distance from the origin

Related pages
 Point (geometry)
 Line

References

Other websites 
 Mathworld: Plane
 Easing the Difficulty of Arithmetic and Planar Geometry (work in Arabic, description in English)

Shapes
Geometry
When two straight lines come together, they make an angle. The two lines are called the sides of the angle, and they meet at a point. A flat surface (called a plane) also forms an angle when it meets another.

To represent an angle, Greek letters such as  (alpha),  (beta),  (gamma) and  (theta) are sometimes used. An angle indicates the space between its sides, or the amount of rotation needed to make one side coincide the other.

To measure the size of an angle, we use units called degrees. A degree is a standard unit and we use the symbol ° after a number to show that it is a number of degrees. We can use a decimal number or a fraction for part of a degree, but a degree can also be divided into 60 minutes (1° = 60'), and a minute can be divided into 60 seconds (1' = 60"). So 22.5°, 22° and 22° 30' are all the same angle.  

In mathematics, angles can also be (and often are) measured in radians instead of degrees, by using the conversion factor  (for example, ). Yet another unit of angle is gradian, with  .
Angles are studied in geometry, where an angle where edges meet is often called a vertex. For example, the three sides of a triangle are its edges and two of the edges meet at each vertex. Similarly, two of the six sides (or faces) of a cube meet at each of its twelve edges, and three edges meet at each of its eight corners (or vertices, which is the plural version of vertex).

Types of angles

Individual angles 
 In a zero angle the lines lie one upon the other thus creating a 0° angle aka the zero angle.

 An angle measuring greater (wider) than 0° but less (narrower) than 90° is called an acute angle.

 An angle 90° wide is called a right angle.

 An angle more than 90° but less than 180° is called an obtuse angle.

 An angle that measures 180° is called a straight angle.
 An angle wider than 180° and narrower than 360° is called a reflex angle.
 An angle that has a made or full circle/completed 360° is called a full or complete angle.
Special angle pairs 
In geometry, there are pairs angles having a special relationship with each other, making them interesting and convenient.There is a pair of angles called complementary angles to which the sum of their measure (wideness) is equal to one right angle (which is equal to  turn, 90°, or  radians). Supplementary angles are also two angles, this time their combined measure is a straight angle ( turn, 180°, or  radians). Two angles that total to a full angle ( turn, 360°, or  radians) are referred to as explementary or conjugate angles.

Related pages 

 Sun angle

References

 
Basic English 850 words
Famous astronomers include:



List

A
Marc Aaronson (USA, 1950 – 1987)
George Ogden Abell (USA, 1927 – 1983)
Charles Greeley Abbot (USA, 1872 – 1973)
John Couch Adams (Britain, 1819 – 1892)
Walter Sydney Adams (USA, 1876 – 1956)
Paul Oswald Ahnert (Germany, 1897 – 1989) 
Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs (Germany, 1912 – 1954) 
George Biddell Airy, (England, 1801 – 1892)
Robert Aitken, (USA, 1864 – 1951)
Al-Batani (Iraq, 850 – 929)
Albategnius (see Al-Batani)
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Al'bitskij (Russia)
George Alcock (Britain, 1913 – 2000)
Hannes Alfvén (Sweden, 1908 – 1995)
Al-Khwarizmi, (Kheva, Abbasid caliphate, 780 – 850)
Lawrence Aller
'Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi, (Persia, 903 – 986) 
Viktor Ambartsumian, (Armenia, 1912 – 1996)
Andronicus of Cyrrhus
Anders Ångström (Sweden, 1814 – 1874)
Eugene M. Antoniadi (Greece, France, 1870 – 1944)
Petrus Apianus (Germany, 1495 – 1557)
Francois Arago (France, 1786 – 1853)
Sylvain Arend (Belgium, 1902 – 1992)
Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (Germany, 1799 – 1875)
Aristarchus (Samos, circa 310 BC – circa 230 BC)
Svante Arrhenius (Sweden, 1859 – 1927)
Arzachel (Al-Zarqali) (Muslim Spain, 1028 – 1087)
Joseph Ashbrook (USA, April 4 1918 – August 4 1980)
Arthur Auwers (Germany, 1838 – 1915)
Walter Baade (Germany, 1893 – 1960)
Harold D. Babcock (USA, 1882 – 1968)
Horace W. Babcock (USA, 1912 – 2003)
Oskar Backlund (Sweden, 1846 – 1916)
John Bahcall (USA, 1934 – )
Benjamin Baillaud (France, 1848 – 1934)
Jean Sylvain Bailly (France, 1736 – 1793)
Francis Baily (Britain, 1774 – 1844)
John Bainbridge (Britain, 1582 – 1643)
Sallie L. Baliunas (USA) 
Benjamin Banneker (USA, 1731 – 1806)
Edward Emerson Barnard (USA, 1857 – 1923)
Johann Bayer (Germany, 1572 – 1625)
Antonin Becvar (Slovakia, 1901 – 1965)
Wilhelm Beer (Germany, 1797 – 1850)
S. I. Beljavskij (see S. I. Beljawsky)
S. I. Beljawsky (Russia, 1883 – 1953)
Jocelyn Bell (Ireland, 1943 – )
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Germany, 1784 – 1846)
Wilhelm von Biela (Austria, 1782 – 1856)
Ludwig Biermann (Germany, 1907 – 1986)
Guillaume Bigourdan (France, 1851 – 1932)
Adriaan Blaauw (Netherlands, 1914 – )
Nathaniel Bliss (Britain, 1700 – 1764)
Johann Elert Bode (Germany, 1747 – 1826)
Alfred Bohrmann (Germany, 1904 – 2000)
Bart Bok (Netherlands, 1906 – 1983)
Charles Thomas Bolton (USA, 1943 – )
John Gatenby Bolton (England, Australia, 1922 – 1993)
William Cranch Bond (USA, 1789 – 1859)
Alphonse Borrelly (France, 1842 – 1926)
Ruđer Josip Bošković (Dalmatia, 1711 – 1787)
Alexis Bouvard (France, 1767 – 1843)
Edward (Ted) L. G. Bowell (USA)
Ira S. Bowen
Louis Boyer (France)
Ronald N. Bracewell (Australia, USA, 1921 – )
James Bradley (England, 1693 – 1762)
Tycho Brahe (Denmark, 1546 – 1601)
William Robert Brooks (USA, 1844 – 1922)
Theodor Brorsen (Denmark, 1819 – 1895)
Dirk Brouwer
Ernest William Brown (England, 1866 – 1938)
Michael (Mike) E. Brown (USA)
Ismael Bullialdus (France, 1605 – 1694)
Margaret Burbidge (Britain, 1919 – )
Robert Burnham, Jr. (USA, 1931 – 1993)
S. W. Burnham (1838 – 1921)
Schelte J. Bus (USA)
William Wallace Campbell (USA, 1862 – 1938)
Annie Jump Cannon (USA, 1863 – 1941)
Luigi Carnera (Italy, 1875 – 1962)
Richard Christopher Carrington (Britain, 1826 – 1875)
César-François Cassini de Thury (France, 1714 – 1784)
Dominique, comte de Cassini (France, 1748 – 1845) 
Giovanni Domenico Cassini a.k.a. Jean-Dominique Cassini (France, 1625 – 1712)
Jacques Cassini (France, 1677 – 1756)
Bonaventura Cavalieri (Italy, 1598 – 1647)
Anders Celsius, (1701 – 1744)
Vincenzo Cerulli, (Italy, 1859 – 1927)
Jean Chacornac (France, 1823 – 1873)
James Challis (Britain, 1803 – 1882) 
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (India, USA, 1910 – 1995)
Carl Charlier (Sweden, 1862 – 1934)
Auguste Charlois (France, 1864 – 1910)
L. I. Chernykh (Russia?, Ukraine)
N. S. Chernykh (Russia, Ukraine, 1931 – )
James Christy (USA, 1938 – )
Edwin Foster Coddington (USA, 1870 – 1950) 
Jérôme Eugène Coggia (France, 1849 – 1919)
Josep Comas Solá (Spain)
Andrew Ainslie Common (Britain, 1841 – 1903) 
Nicolaus Copernicus (Royal Prussia, 1473 – 1543)
P. Cottenot (France)
Heather Couper (Britain)
Philip Herbert Cowell (Britain, 1870 – 1949)
Thomas George Cowling (England, 1906 – 1990)
Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin (Britain, 1865 – 1939)
Heber D. Curtis (USA, 1872 – 1942)
Andre Louis Danjon (France, 1890 – 1967)
Heinrich d'Arrest (Germany, 1822 – 1875)
George Howard Darwin (Britain, 1845 – 1912)
William Rutter Dawes (Britain, 1799 – 1868) 
Leo de Ball (Germany, Austria, 1853 – 1916)
Henri Debehogne (Belgium)
Annibale de Gasparis (Italy, 1819 – 1892)
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (France, 1749 – 1822)
Charles-Eugène Delaunay (France, 1816 – 1872)
Eugène Joseph Delporte (Belgium, 1882 – 1955)
William Frederick Denning (Britain, 1848 – 1931)
Willem de Sitter (Netherlands, 1872 – 1934)
Henri-Alexandre Deslandres (France, 1853 – 1948)
Gérard de Vaucouleurs (France, USA, 1918 – 1995)
Robert Dicke (USA, 1916 – 1997)
Thomas Digges (England, 1546 – 1595)
Herbert Dingle (USA, 1890 – 1978)
John Dobson (1915 – 2014)
Franjo Dominko, (Slovenia, 1903 – 1987)
Giovanni Battista Donati, (Italy, 1826 – 1873)
Frank Drake (USA, 1930 – )
Henry Draper (USA, 1837 – 1882)
John Dreyer (Ireland, 1852 – 1926)
Jean C. B. Dufay (France, 1896 – 1967)
Raymond Smith Dugan (USA, 1878 – 1940)
E 

Arthur Eddington (England, 1882 – 1944)
Olin J. Eggen
Eise Eisinga (Netherlands, 1744 – 1828)
Eric Elst (Belgium)
Johann Franz Encke (Germany, 1791 – 1865)
Eratosthenes (Alexandria, 276 BC – 194 BC)
Emil Ernst (Ph.D. Germany)
Ernest Esclangon, (France, 1876 – 1954)
Larry W. Esposito (USA)
Eudoxus (Cnidus, circa 408 BC – circa 347 BC)

F 

David Fabricius (Netherlands, 1564 – 1617)
Johannes Fabricius (Netherlands, 1587 – 1615)
Hervé Faye (1814 – 1902)
Charles Fehrenbach (France, 1914 – )
James Ferguson (USA, 1797 – 1867)
Erwin Findlay-Freundlich (1885 – 1964)
Camille Flammarion (France, 1842 – 1925)
Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion (France, 1867 – 1962)
John Flamsteed, (England, 1646 – 1719)
Honoré Flaugergues (France, 1755 – 1835)
Williamina Fleming (USA, 1857 – 1911)
Wilhelm Julius Förster (Germany, 1832 – 1921) 
Alfred Fowler (Britain, 1868 – 1940)
William Alfred Fowler (USA, 1911 – 1995)
Herbert Friedman
Edwin Brant Frost (USA, 1866 – 1935)

G
G 

Galileo Galilei (Italy, 1564 – 1642)
Julio Garavito Armero
Johann Gottfried Galle (Germany, 1812 – 1910)
George Gamow (Russia, USA, 1904 – 1968)
Carl Friedrich Gauss (Germany, 1777 – 1855)
Tom Gehrels (Netherlands, USA)
Andrea Ghez (USA)
Riccardo Giacconi (Italy, 1931 – )
Michel Giacobini (France, 1873 – 1938)
Henry L. Giclas (USA)
David Gill (Britain, 1843 – 1914)
Thomas Gold (USA, 1920 – )
Leo Goldberg
Peter Goldreich
Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (Germany, 1802 – 1866)
Paul Goldsmith (USA, 1948 – )
François Gonnessiat (France, 1856 – 1934)
John Goodricke (Britain, 1764 – 1786)
Paul Götz (Ph.D. Germany)
Benjamin A. Gould (USA)
Andrew Graham (Ireland, 1815 – 1907)
Jesse Greenstein (USA, 1909 – 2002)
Alan Harvey Guth (USA, 1947 – )

H
George Ellery Hale (USA, 1868 – 1938)
Asaph Hall (USA, 1829 – 1907)
Edmond Halley (England, 1656 – 1742)
Peter Andreas Hansen (December 8, 1795 – March 28 1874)
Karl Ludwig Harding (Germany, 1765 – 1834)
Thomas Hariot (Britain, 1560 – 1621) 
Guillermo Haro (Mexico, 1913 – 1988)
Robert G. Harrington (USA)
Robert Sutton Harrington (USA, 1942 – 1993)
William Hartmann (USA, 1939 – )
Stephen Hawking (Britain, 1942 – )
Will Hay (Britain, 1888 – 1949)
Otto Heckmann
Joseph Helffrich (Ph.D. Germany)
Eleanor Helin (USA)
Maximilian Hell (Austria-Hungary, 1720 – 1792)
Karl Ludwig Hencke (Germany, 1793 – 1866)
Thomas Henderson (Scotland, 1798 – 1844)
Paul Henry (France, 1848 – 1905)
Prosper Henry (France, 1849 – 1903)
George Herbig (USA, 1920 – )
Caroline Herschel (Britain, 1750 – 1848)
John Herschel (Britain, 1792 – 1871)
William Herschel (Britain, 1738 – 1822)
Ejnar Hertzsprung (Denmark, 1873 – 1967)
Johannes Hevelius (Poland, 1611 – 1687)
Antony Hewish (Britain, 1924 – )
George William Hill (USA, 1838 – 1914)
John Russell Hind (Britain, 1823 – 1895)
Hipparchus (Nicaea, circa 190 BC – 120 BC)
Cuno Hoffmeister (Germany, 1892 – 1968)
Dorrit Hoffleit (USA, 1907 – )
Minoru Honda (Japan, 1917 –1990)
Jeremiah Horrocks (Britain, c. 1619 – 1641) 
Fred Hoyle (Britain, 1915 – 2001)
Edwin Powell Hubble (USA, 1889 – 1953)
William Huggins (Britain, 1824 – 1910)
Russell Alan Hulse (USA, 1950 – )
Christiaan Huygens (Netherlands, 1629 – 1695)
I 

I Sin (China, 683 – 727)
Icko Iben, Jr.
Kaoru Ikeya (Japan)
Robert Innes (Scotland, South Africa, 1861 – 1933)

J 

Cyril V. Jackson (South Africa)
Kees de Jager (Netherlands, 1921 – 2021)
Karl Guthe Jansky (USA, 1905 – 1950)
Pierre Jules César Janssen (France, 1824 – 1907)
Benjamin Jekhowsky (Russia, France, Algeria, 1881 – ?)
David Jewitt
Alfred H. Joy

K 

Franz Kaiser (Germany, 1891 – 1962) 
Jacobus Kapteyn (Netherlands, 1851 – 1922)
L. G. Karachkina (Ukraine)
James E. Keeler (USA, 1857 – 1900) 
Johannes Kepler (Germany, 1571 – 1630)
Omar Khayyám (Persia, 1048 – 1131)
Kidinnu (Babylon, circa 400 BC – 310 BC)
Daniel Kirkwood (1814 – 1895)
Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (Germany, 1827 – 1884)
Viktor Knorre (Russia, 1840 – 1919)
Takao Kobayashi (Japan)
Lubos Kohoutek (1935 – )
Zdenek Kopal (Czech Republic, Britain, USA, 1914 – 1993)
August Kopff (Germany, 1882 – 1960)
Charles Kowal (USA, 1940 – )
Robert Kraft
Lubor Kresak (Slovakia, 1927 – 1994)
Gerard Kuiper (Netherlands, USA, 1905 – 1973)

L
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (France, 1713 – 1762)
Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (Sweden)
Joseph-Louis Lagrange (France, 1736 – 1813)
Jérôme Lalande (France, 1732 – 1807)
Johann Heinrich Lambert (France, Germany, 1728 – 1777)
Samuel Pierpont Langley (USA, 1834 – 1906)
Pierre-Simon Laplace (France, 1749 – 1827)
William Lassell (Britain, 1799 – 1880)
A. Laurent (France)
Henrietta Swan Leavitt (USA, 1868 – 1921)
Typhoon Lee (USA and Taiwan)
Guillaume Le Gentil (France, 1725 – 1792)
Georges Lemaître (Belgium, 1894 – 1966)
Pierre Lemonnier (France, 1715 – 1799)
Armin Leuschner (Germany, 1868 – 1953)
Urbain J. J. Le Verrier (France, 1811 – 1877)
David Levy (USA)
Bertil Lindblad (Sweden, 1895 – 1965)
Joseph Johann Littrow (Austria, 1781 – 1840)
Karl L. Littrow (Austria, 1811 – 1877)
Joseph Lockyer (Britain, 1836 – 1920)
Maurice Loewy (Austria/France, 1833 – 1907)
Christian Sørensen Longomontanus (Denmark, 1562 – 1647) 
Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
Percival Lowell (USA, 1855 – 1916)
John William Lubbock (Britain, 1803 – 1865)
Robert Luther (Germany, 1822 – 1900)
Jane Luu (USA)
Willem Luyten (1899 – 1994)
Donald Lynden-Bell
Bernard Lyot (France, 1897 – 1952)
Adriaan van Maanen (USA, 1884 – 1946)
George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (Britain, c. 1697 – 1764)
Simon Marius (Germany, 1573 – 1624)
Brian Marsden (USA)
Albert Marth (Germany, 1828 – 1897)
Nevil Maskelyne (Britain, 1732 – 1811)
Charles Mason (Britain, USA, 1730 – 1787)
Janet Akyüz Mattei (Turkey/USA, 1943 – 2004)
Edward Walter Maunder (Britain, 1851 – 1928)
Pierre Louis Maupertuis (France, 1698 – 1759)
Alain Maury (France)
Tobias Mayer (Germany, 1723 – 1762) 
Christopher McKee (USA, 1942 – )
Robert S. McMillan (USA)
William H. McCrea (Britain, 1904 – 1999)
Pierre Méchain (France, 1744 – 1804)
Karen Jean Meech (USA)
Aden Meinel (USA)
Philibert Jacques Melotte (Britain, 1880 – 1961)
Paul Merrill (USA, 1887 – 1961)
Charles Messier (France, 1730 – 1817)
Joel Hastings Metcalf (USA, 1866 – 1925)
John Michell (Britain, 1724 – 1793)
Elia Millosevich (Italy, 1848 – 1919)
E. Arthur Milne
Rudolph Minkowski (Germany, 1895 – 1976)
Marcel Minnaert
Maria Mitchell (USA, 1818 – 1889)
August Ferdinand Möbius (Germany, 1790 – 1868)
Samuel Molyneux (Britain)
Geminiano Montanari (Italy, 1633 – 1687)
Patrick Moore (Britain, 1923 – )
William W. Morgan
Amédée Mouchez (France, 1821 – 1892)
Antonín Mrkos (Czech Republic, 1918 – 1996)
Jean Mueller (USA)
Johannes Müller (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
Nils Mustelin
N 

Nabu-rimanni (Babylonia, circa 560 BC – 480 BC)
Syuichi Nakano (Japan)
Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin (Russia, 1886 – 1946)
Gerry Neugebauer
Otto Neugebauer (Germany, USA, 1899 – 1990)
Simon Newcomb (USA, 1835 – 1909)
Isaac Newton (Britain, 1643 – 1727)
Seth Barnes Nicholson (USA, 1891 – 1963)
Peter Nilson (Sweden, 1937 – 1998)

O 

Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers (Germany, 1758 – 1840)
Jan Hendrik Oort (Netherlands, 1900 – 1992)
Ernst Öpik (Estonia, Ireland, 1893 – 1985)
Donald Edward Osterbrock, USA, 1924 – 
Liisi Oterma, Finland, 1915 – 2001)

P
Bohdan Paczynski, (Poland 1940 – )
Ľudmila Pajdušáková (Slovakia, 1916 – 1979)
Johann Palisa, (Austria, 1848 – 1925)
Johann Palitzsch (1723 – 1788)
Anton Pannekoek (Netherlands, 1873 – 1960)
George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (Britain, c. 1697 – 1764) 
Eugene N. Parker
William Parsons, Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
André Patry (France, – c. 1960)
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (USA, 1900 – 1979)
James Peebles
Leslie Peltier (USA, 1900 – 1980)
Roger Penrose (Britain, 1931 – )
Arno Penzias (Germany, 1933 – )
Luboš Perek (Czech Republic, 1919 – 2020)
Charles Dillon Perrine (USA, Argentina, 1867 – 1951)
Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin (France, 1845 – 1904)
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (Germany, USA, 1813 – 1890)
George Henry Peters (USA, 1863 – 1947)
Giuseppe Piazzi (Italy, 1746 – 1826)
Edward Charles Pickering (USA, 1846 – 1919)
William Henry Pickering (USA, 1858 – 1938)
Phil Plait (USA)
John Stanley Plaskett (Canada, 1865 – 1941)
Norman Robert Pogson, (Britain, 1829 – 1891)
Christian Pollas, (France)
John Pond (England, 1767 – 1836)
Jean-Louis Pons (France, 1761 – 1831)
Charles Pritchard (Britain, 1808 – 1893)
Richard Proctor (England, 1837 – 1888)
Ptolemy of Alexandria (Roman Egypt, circa 85 – 165)
Pierre Puiseux (France, 1855 – 1928)
Georg Purbach (Germany, 1423 – 1461)
Q 

Adolphe Quetelet (Belgium, 1796 – 1874)

R 

David Rabinowitz (USA)
Pavla Ranzinger (Slovenia)
Grote Reber (USA, 1911 – 2002)
Martin Rees (England, 1942 – ) 
Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
Erasmus Reinhold (Prussia, Germany, 1511 – 1553)
Karl Reinmuth (Germany, 1892 – 1979) 
Giovanni Battista Riccioli (Italy, 1598 – 1671)
Jean Richer (France, 1630 – 1696)
Fernand Rigaux (Belgium)
Elizabeth Roemer (USA, 1929 – ) 
Ole Christensen Rømer (Denmark, 1644 – 1710)
Otto A. Rosenberger (Germany, 1800 – 1890)
Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
Bruno Rossi (Italy, 1905 – 1993)
Vera Rubin (USA, 1928 – )
Henry Norris Russell (USA, 1877 – 1957)

S
Edward Sabine (Britain, 1788 – 1883)
Carl Sagan (USA, 1934 – 1996)
Edwin Salpeter (Austria, Australia, USA, 1924 – )
Allan Sandage (1926 – )
Wallace Sargent
Alexandre Schaumasse (France, 1882 – 1958)
Giovanni Schiaparelli (Italy, 1835 – 1910)
Frank Schlesinger (USA, 1871 – 1943)
Bernhard Schmidt (Estonia, Sweden, Germany, 1879 – 1935)
Maarten Schmidt (1929 – )
Johann Hieronymus Schröter (Germany, 1745 – 1816)
Lipót Schulhof (Hungary, 1847 – 1921)
Heinrich Christian Schumacher (Germany, 1780 – 1850) 
Hans-Emil Schuster (Germany, 1934 – )
Heinrich Schwabe (Germany, 1789 – 1875)
Karl Schwarzschild (Germany, 1873 – 1916)
Martin Schwarzschild (Germany, USA, 1912 – 1997)
Arnold Schwassmann (Germany, 1870 – 1964)
Ruby Payne Scott (Australia, 1912 – 1981)
James Scotti (USA, 1960 – )
Frederick Seares (USA, 1873 – 1964)
George Mary Searle (USA, 1839 – 1918)
Tsutomu Seki (Japan, 1930 – )
Carl Keenan Seyfert (USA, 1911 – 1960)
G. A. Shajn (Russia, 1892 – 1956)
P. F. Shajn (Russia, 1894 – 1956)
Harlow Shapley (USA, 1885 – 1972)
Richard Sheepshanks (Britain, 1794 – 1855)
Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (Russia, 1916 – 1985)
Carolyn Shoemaker (USA, 1929 – )
Eugene Shoemaker (USA, 1928 – 1997)
Charlotte Moore Sitterly (USA, 1898 – 1990)
Brian A. Skiff (USA)
John Francis Skjellerup (Australia, South Africa, 1875 – 1952)
Charles D. Slaughter (USA)
Vesto Slipher (USA, 1875 – 1969)
Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova (Russia, 1918 – )
William Henry Smyth (Britain, 1788 – 1865) 
Mary Fairfax Somerville (Britain, 1780 – 1872)
James South (Britain, 1785 – 1867) 
Harold Spencer Jones
Lyman Spitzer (USA, 1914 – 1997)
Gustav Spörer (Germany, 1822 – 1895)
Anton Staus (Germany, 1872 – 1955)
Joel Stebbins, (USA, 1878 – 1966)
Édouard Stephan, (France, 1837 – 1923)
David J. Stevenson, (New Zealand, 1948 – )
Edward James Stone, (1831 – 1897)
Bengt Strömgren, (Denmark, 1908 – 1987)
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
Hermann Struve (Russia, Germany, 1854 – 1920)
Ludwig Struve (Russia, 1858 – 1920)
Otto Struve (Russia, USA, 1897 – 1963)
Otto Wilhelm (von) Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
Rashid Sunyaev
Lewis Swift (USA, 1820 – 1913)
Frédéric Sy (France)
T 

Joseph Taylor (USA, 1941 – )
Ernst Tempel, (Germany, 1821 – 1889)
Thabit ibn Qurra (Iraq, 826 – 901)
Thorvald Thiele (Denmark, 1838 – 1910)
Norman G. Thomas (USA)
John M. Thome (1843 – 1908)
Kip Thorne (USA, 1940 – )
Friedrich Tietjen (Germany, 1834 – 1895)
Beatrice Tinsley (USA, 1941 – 1981)
Félix Tisserand (France, 1845 – 1896)
Johann Daniel Titius (Germany, 1729 – 1796)
Clyde Tombaugh (USA, 1906 – 1997)
Richard Tousey
Virginia Trimble (USA)
Chad Trujillo (USA)
Robert Trumpler (USA, 1886 – 1956)
R. Brent Tully (USA)
Herbert Hall Turner (England, 1861 – 1930)
Horace Parnell Tuttle (USA, 1839 – 1923)
Tycho Brahe (Denmark, 1546 – 1601)

U 

Ulugh Beg (Timurid Iran, 1394 – 1449)
Albrecht Unsöld

V
V 

Yrjö Väisälä (Finland, 1891 – 1971)
Benjamin Valz (France, 1787 – 1867) 
James Van Allen (USA, 1914 – )
George Van Biesbroeck (Belgium, USA, 1880 – 1974)
Hendrik van de Hulst
Peter van de Kamp (USA, 1901 – 1995)
Sidney van den Bergh
Hendrik Van Gent (Netherlands, South Africa, (1900 – March 29, 1947)
Cornelis Johannes van Houten (Netherlands, 1920 – August 24 2002)
Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld (Netherlands)
Zdeňka Vávrová (Czech Republic or Slovakia)
Julie Vinter Hansen (Denmark), 1890 – 1960)
Hermann Carl Vogel (Germany, 1841 – 1907)
Joseph von Fraunhofer (Germany, 1787 – 1826)
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
Otto Wilhelm von Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
Karl von Weizsäcker (Germany, 1912 – )
Alexander Vyssotsky
Emma Vyssotsky (USA)

W
W 

Arno Arthur Wachmann (Germany, 1902 – 1990)
George Wallerstein
Qingde Wang (USA, China)
James Craig Watson (USA, 1838 – 1880)
Thomas William Webb (Britain, 1807 – 1885)
Godefroy Wendelin (Belgium, 1580 – 1667)
Richard M. West (Denmark, 1942 – )
J. G. Westphal (Germany)
Johann Heinrich Westphal (Germany, Italy, 1794 – 1831)
George Wetherill
John Wheeler (USA, 1911 – )
Fred Whipple (USA, 1906 – )
Albert Whitford (USA, 1905 – 2002)
Paul Wild (Switzerland)
Olin C. Wilson (USA, 1909 – 1994)
Robert Wilson (USA, 1936 – )
 John Winthrop (Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1714 – 1779)
Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (Germany, 1835 – 1897)
Carl Wirtanen (USA, 1910 – 1990)
Jack Wisdom (USA)
Gustav Witt (Germany, 1866 – 1946)
Maximilian Wolf (Germany, 1863 – 1932)
Aleksander Wolszczan (Poland, 1946 – )
Richard van der Riet Woolley (Britain, 1906 – 1986)
Thomas Wright (Britain, 1711 – 1786)

Y 

Charles Augustus Young (USA, 1834 – 1908)

Z
Z 

Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (USSR, 1914 – 1987)
Zhang Daqing (China, 1969 – )
Zhang Heng (78 – 139)
Zhang Yuzhe (China, 1902 – 1986)
L. V. Zhuravleva (Russia, Ukraine)
Zu Chongzhi, (425 – 500)
Fritz Zwicky (Switzerland, USA, 1898 – 1974)

Other scientists whose work had an impact on astronomy and astrophysics:

Hans Bethe (physicist) (1906 – )
Niels Bohr (physicist) (1885 – 1962)
Freeman Dyson (physicist) (1923 – )
Albert Einstein (physicist) (1879 – 1955)

Instrument makers, illustrators, etc.:

John Bird
Chesley Bonestell
Thomas Cooke
Alvan Clark
John Dollond
Henry Fitz (1808-1863) 
James Gregory
Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800)
George Willis Ritchey
James Short
William Simms
Edward Troughton (1756-1835)

Related pages
 List of astrophysicists

References 
 The Great Astronomers 
 Astronomical Society of the Pacific: Women in Astronomy

Lists of scientists
Astronomy lists
An astrophysicist is a person whose profession is astrophysics.

Canada
 Hubert Reeves, is known for  explaining science to the general public (or popularizing science).

Great Britain

England
 Stephen Hawking, is known for Hawking radiation, Penrose–Hawking theorems, Bekenstein–Hawking formula, Hawking energy, Gibbons–Hawking ansatz, Gibbons–Hawking effect, Gibbons–Hawking space, Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term, Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet

United States

 Frank Drake, is known for developing the Drake equation, and as the creator of the Arecibo Message, a digital encoding of an astronomical and biological description of the Earth and its lifeforms, for transmission into the cosmos.

 Freeman John Dyson, is known for Dyson sphere, Dyson operator, Dyson series, Schwinger–Dyson equation, Circular ensemble,  Random matrix theory, Advocacy against nuclear weapons, Dyson conjecture, Dyson's eternal intelligence, Dyson number, Dyson tree, Dyson's transform
Neil deGrasse Tyson, is known for being on a 2001 government commission on the future of the U.S. aerospace industry, and on the 2004 Moon, Mars and Beyond commission; got the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal; host of television show NOVA ScienceNow on PBS

Related pages
List of astronomers

Lists of scientists
This is a list of famous walls.

Lists
Some vegetables which are botanically fruits (such as tomatoes) are considered to be vegetables in the culinary (eating) sense. This is why they appear in this article. For sources, see individual pages. See also List of fruits.

References

Food-related lists