Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Basilicata is a region in the south of Italy. The capital is Potenza. The population was about 597,768 in 2004. The region is very mountainous. Because of this, communication in the area was very difficult until modern times. This has also caused Basilicata to be one of the least developed areas of Italy. Basilicata borders the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Gulf of Taranto at its lowest elevations. The highest point in the area is Monte Pollino at 2233m (7325ft). The area also includes a dead volcano, Monte Vulture. The region has an area of .
 
Basilicata also used to be one of the poorest regions in Italy. It has become richer over the past couple of years because of the discovery of oil.

Provinces 
Basilicata is divided into two provinces. 
 Matera
 Potenza

Other websites 
 Official Site  (IT)
Campania is a region of the south of Italy. The capital is Napoli. The population in 2021 was about 5,679,759.

Provinces 
 Province of Avellino
 Province of Benevento
 Province of Caserta
 Province of Naples Capital
 Province of Salerno
 Provincia Campanese

Other websites 
 Official site (IT)
Emilia-Romagna (Emilian: Emégglia-Rumâgna, Emîlia-Rumâgna, Romagnol: Emélia-Rumâgna) is one of the twenty regions of Italy, in northeast Italy on the Adriatic Sea. The capital is Bologna.

Geography
The region is in Northern Italy with an area of . It is bordered to the north by the Veneto and Lombardy regions, to the northwest by the Piedmont and Liguria regions, to the west by the Tuscany, to the south by the Marche region and the republic of San Marino, and the Adriatic Sea to the east.

The main river in the region is the Po. The highest mountain in the region is Monte Cimone, in the northern Apennines, with an altitude of .

Provinces
Emilia-Romagna has nine provinces grouped in two historical regions:
 Emilia, with the provinces Ferrara, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Reggio Emilia and part of Bologna.
 Romagna, with the provinces Forlì-Cesena, Ravenna, Rimini and part of Bologna.

Largest municipalities
The 10 communi with more people living in it are:

Gallery

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Emilia-Romagna Region Official site
Vasil Levski is a Bulgarian hero. He was born in Karlovo, Bulgaria in 1837. His real name is Vasil Ivanov Kuncev and Levski was his nickname. His father's name was Ivan Kuncev. Vasil Levski struggled for independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire. He was executed in 1873.

1837 births
1873 deaths
Bulgarian people
Executed people
CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) was an Operating System for computers used in the 1970s and early 1980. Originally, it supported up to 64 kb of main memory. It was command-line based, and came before MS-DOS.

Sources

Operating systems
Batter may mean:
 Batter (cooking)
 Batter (baseball)
 Batter (linuxoid)
 Batter (cricket), formerly called a batsman
 To hit or strike a person, as in committing the crime of battery
 To hit or strike a person, as in committing the tort of battery, a common-law offense
 Slope
 Batter head, on a drum, the head that is struck
Sana'a or Sanˤā' (, romanized as Ṣanʻāʼ or Sanaa), is the capital city of Yemen and the center of Sana'a Governorate. It had a population of 1,747,627 (as of 2004). In the 2010s it became a battlefield in the Civil War and the government moved to Aden.

National capitals in Asia
Cities in Yemen
Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren (born Astrid  Ericsson; November 14, 1907 – January 28, 2002) was a famous Swedish writer. She wrote many books for children.  She had a son named Lars.

Biography 

Astrid Lindgren grew up in Näs, near Vimmerby, Småland, and many of her books are based on her family and childhood memories. However, Pippi Longstocking, her most famous character, was invented for her daughter Karin, who was, at the time, ill and had to stay in the bed.

Lindgren was the daughter of Samuel August Ericsson and Hanna Johnsson.  She had two sisters. Her brother, Gunnar Ericsson, was a member of the Swedish parliament. She finished the school and  took a job with the a local newspaper in Vimmerby. When she became pregnant with the chief editor's child in 1926, he proposed marriage. She did not accept, and moved to Stockholm, learning to become a typist and stenographer. There she gave birth to her son Lars in Copenhagen and left him with another family to care for him.
Although poorly paid, she saved whatever she could and travelled as often as possible to Copenhagen to be with Lars; often just over a weekend, spending most of her time on the train back and forth. Eventually, she managed to bring Lars home, leaving him in the care of her parents until she could afford to raise him in Stockholm. In 1931 she married her boss, Sture Lindgren (1898-1952). Three years later, in 1934, Lindgren gave birth to her second child, Karin, who later became a translator. The family moved in 1941 to an apartment on Dalagatan, with a view over Vasaparken, where Astrid lived until her death.

Astrid Lindgren died in 2002, at the age of 94.
Politics 
In 1976, they had a scandal in Sweden when Lindgren's had to pay taxes 102% of her income. This is known as the "Pomperipossa effect" from a story, which she published in Expressen   on 3 March 1976.  
Astrid Lindgren was well known both for her support for children's and animal rights, and for her opposition to corporal punishment. In 1994, she received the Right Livelihood Award (also known as the Alternative Nobel Prize), "...For her commitment to justice, non-violence and understanding of minorities as well as her love and caring for nature."

Books 
Some of her books include:
The Pippi Longstocking series (Pippi Långstrump)
The Six Bullerby Children (Barnen i Bullerbyn)
Mio, my Mio (also known as Mio, my Son) (Mio, min Mio)
Karlsson-on-the-Roof
Madicken
Emil of Lönneberga
The Brothers Lionheart (Bröderna Lejonhjärta)
Ronia the Robber's Daughter (Ronja rövardotter)

Related pages
List of Swedish-language writers
References
1. ^ John-Henri, Holmberg (1997/1999), "Scandinavia", in Clute, John, and John Grant, The Encyclopedia of Fantasy, New York: St. Martin's Griffin, pp. 841 .

1907 births
2002 deaths
Swedish children's writers
Culture
Many different examples of prehistoric cave art have been found, suggesting the Cantabrian culture is at least 15,000 years old. Cave art is the best known feature of the Cantabrian life. The latest round of systematic cave explorations began in the early 1970s. Now new art can be discovered every year. Some of the cave art is engraved, and others are painted. Much of the cave art is of animals. There are often pictures of red deer found from this area of Spain. There are also other unusual symbols that can be found. This attracts much interest and many tourists to this culture. The Cantabrian life revolves mainly around art, tourism, and fishing. Rich deposits of coal, iron, and zinc are also mined in the Cantabrian Mountains. Tourism is a very large part of the Cantabrian life, and their economic success.

Climate
Cantabria is known for a rainy and cool climate. The region is also greener than southern Spain and is very mountainous.
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), is the publicly owned organisation in charge of flying (Aviation) in the United Kingdom. It was created in 1972, doing the tasks previously done by the Department of Transport.

This means it is in charge of:
 Rules about aviation (policy)
 Licencing of both personnel and machinery
 Pricing of certain services (Air Traffic Control, Landing fees, etc.)

The CAA no longer provides air traffic control services (ATC), this responsibility was passed to a private company called National Air Traffic Services (NATS) in 2001 which the government owns 49% of.

Some other duties have passed to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), such as type certification. CAA-UK is part of the rulemaking group of the EASA.

References 

1972 establishments in the United Kingdom
Aviation authorities
Organisations based in the United Kingdom
Transport in the United Kingdom
(; ; ) is one of the twenty regions of Italy, in southern Italy on the Adriatic Sea. The capital is Bari.

Its southernmost portion, known as Salento peninsula, has the shape of a high heel on the "boot" of Italy.

Geography 
Apulia is in Southern Italy.  It has an area of . There are 4,077,166 people living in the region, for a density of .

The region is bordered by Molise to the northwest, Campania to the west, Basilicata to the southwest, the Strait of Otranto and the Ionian Sea to the southeast, the Gulf of Taranto to the south, and the Adriatic Sea to north and to the east.

Provinces
The region is divided into six provinces:

Provinces

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Environmental League Puglia
Belluno (, , ) is a comune and city in the Veneto region, in Northeast Italy. Belluno is the capital of the province of the same name. The city is about  north of Venice.

Geography
The town is near the confluence of the Piave river with the small river Ardo. To the north of the town is the Schiara, a group of mountains. To the south, the foothills of the Alps separate Belluno from the plain of the Veneto. The most northern part of the comune is in the "Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park" ().

The comune of Belluno has an area of  and its altitude is .

Belluno borders with the following comuniː Alpago, Limana, Longarone, Ponte nelle Alpi, Sedico, Sospirolo, Vittorio Veneto (in the Treviso province).
Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Belluno: Anconetta, Antole, Bes, Bolzano, Caleipo, Castion, Castoi, Cet, Cirvoi, Col di Salce, Faverga, Fiammoi, Giamosa, Giazzoi, Gioz, Levego, Madeago, Mares, Mier, Nevegàl, Nogarè, Orzes, Rivamaor, Safforze, Sagrogna, Sala, Salce, San Fermo, San Pietro in Campo, Sois, Sopracroda, Sossai, Tisoi, Veneggia, Vezzano, Vignole, Visome.

Population
, there are 35,870 persons living in the comune, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in Belluno

Twinned towns
Belluno is twinned with:
  Cervia, Italy
  Bend, Oregon, United States

People from or related to Belluno 
 Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), painter
 Andrea Brustolon (1662–1732), sculptor
 Marco Ricci (1676–1730), painter
 Pope Gregory XVI (1765–1846)
 Ippolito Caffi (1809–1866), painter
 Pope John Paul I (1912-1978)
 Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza (b. 1922), human geneticist

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Belluno official website 
 Adorable Belluno
Cities in Veneto
Capital cities in Italy
Settlements in Belluno
Vicenza is a comune and city in the Veneto region, in Northeast Italy. Vicenza is the capital of the province of the same name. The city is about  west of Venice, the capital of the region, and  east of Milan.

Vicenza is a cosmopolitan city, with a rich history and culture, and many museums, art galleries, piazzas, villas, churches and elegant Renaissance palazzi. With the "Palladian Villas of the Veneto" in the surrounding area, and his renowned Teatro Olimpico (Olympic Theater), Vicenza has been listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994.

The city is also known as the "City of Palladio" after Andrea Palladio, an architect that designed and built several important buildings in Vicenza and other cities.

Geography
Vicenza is at the confluence of the Bacchiglione river with its tributary Retrone.The comune of Vicenza has an area of  to the north of the Berici Hills. Its average altitude is .
The southern part of the city is flat with an elevation of  above sea level. The historical centre is among the meanders of the Bacchiglione river and of its tributaries with an elevation of  above sea level. To the south there is also an area with hills belonging to the Berici Hills with a top elevation of  above sea level

Vicenza borders with the following comuniː Altavilla Vicentina, Arcugnano, Bolzano Vicentino, Caldogno, Costabissara, Creazzo, Dueville, Longare, Monteviale, Monticello Conte Otto, Quinto Vicentino and Torri di Quartesolo.

Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Vicenza: Anconetta, Bertesina, Bertesinella, Bugano, Campedello, Casale, Debba, Longara, Maddalene, Ospedaletto, Polegge, San Pietro Intrigogna, Santa Croce Bigolina, Tormeno.

Climate 
The climate of Vicenza is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Vicenza is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Vicenza is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

Population
, there are 112,953 persons living in the comune, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in Vicenza

Twinned towns
Vicenza is twinned with:
  Pforzheim, Germany
  Annecy, France

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Vicenza official website 
 Consorzio di Promozione Turistica Vicenza è

 
Capital cities in Italy
Rovigo is an Italian city in Veneto. It has a population of about 50,883 inhabitants.

Cities in Veneto
Capital cities in Italy
Province of Rovigo
L'Aquila is an Italian city.
It has about 71,989 inhabitants. It is the capital of Abruzzo.

It is on a hill in the valley of the Aterno river. It is circled by the Apennine Mountains. The Financial Times, an important newspaper, wrote that L'Aquila is "the most handsome city of Abruzzo".

It is a very old town, full of beautiful buildings and churches. It has a university.

History 
Emperor Frederick II founded this town. He told the people of 99 villages to move in the new town. Frederick's son, Conrad IV of Germany finished the town in 1254. When Conrad died, his brother Manfred destroyed the town in 1259. Charles I of Anjou, king of Sicily, built it again soon.

It became soon the second city of the Kingdom of Naples.

The city of L'Aquila had much power because the 99 original villages helped it. Each village owned a borough (a small part of the town) and the borough was a part of the mother-village. That is also why the number 99 is so important in the history of L'Aquila.
The people also built a very peculiar monument, the Fountain of the 99 Spouts (Fontana delle 99 Cannelle).

The city was an important market for the countryside. The saffron (a very important spice) was grown in fields around town; shepherds had millions of sheep near L'Aquila.

After a few years L'Aquila became an important point of communication between cities in and out of the kingdom.

On 29 August 1294, the hermit Pietro del Morrone became pope Celestine V. The ceremony was in the church of Santa Maria di Collemaggio.

To thank the town, Celestine V decided that every year on that day every Christian who went to L'Aquila would be pardoned for his sins (bad actions). This is called Perdonanza, and it still happens every year on August 28 and 29. The Perdonanza is similar to the Jubilee Year, but arrived earlier.

The Perdonanza made the town more rich. But after a long time the plague (a dangerous illness) struck L'Aquila in 1348 and 1363. An earthquake struck it in 1349.
Saint Bernardino of Siena visited L'Aquila two times. The first time he came to preach to King René of Naples. In 1444 he died in the city.

In the 16th century, the Spanish viceroy Philibert van Oranje destroyed L'Aquila again. After this, he built a Castle.

Another earthquake damaged again the city in 1703. Another occurred in 2009.

Sport 
The city is the home of L'Aquila Rugby. This team won the Italian championship five times.

Twinned cities 
L'Aquila is twinned with these cities:
  - Rottweil
  - York
  - Cuenca
  - Hobart
  - Zielona Gora
  - Bernalda
  - Bistriţa
  - Baalbeck

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 A portal for L'Aquila
 Inside Abruzzo: Insider Tips Uncovered 
 n the Land of Bears and Castles, The Financial Times (29 June 2007)
 Image gallery 
 newsgroup <italia.laquila.discussioni>
 L'Aquila Rugby 
 L'Aquila Tourism  Places of interest in L'Aquila
 Turistical and historical informations about L'Aquila, Abruzzo 

Regional capitals in Italy
Cities in L'Aquila
Chieti is a city and comune in Southern Italy,  east by northeast of Rome. It is the capital of the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region.

Chieti is on a hill between the Aterno-Pescara and the Alento rivers and is near the coast of the Adriatic Sea and the mountains.

Geography
Chieti is in the central eastern part of the Abruzzo, at an average altitude of  above sea level. It is on a hill that separates the watersheds of the Aterno-Pescara river (to the north) and of the Alentro stream (to the south). The comune has an area of .

The city is formed by two main parts:
 Chieti alta is the oldest part of the city and includes the historical centre that is on the hill.
 Chieti Scalo is the newest part of the city and is in the valley to the north of the hill, on the right side of the Aterno-Pescara river.
The comune is surrounded by the comuni Bucchianico, Casalincontrada, Cepagatti (PE), Francavilla al Mare, Manoppello (PE), Pescara (PE), Ripa Teatina, Rosciano (PE), San Giovanni Teatino and Torrevecchia Teatina.

Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Chietiː Bascelli, Brecciarola, Buonconsiglio-Fontanella, Carabba, Chieti Scalo, Colle Marcone, Crocifisso, De Laurentis Vallelunga, Fonte Cruciani, Iachini, La Torre, San Martino, San Salvatore, Levante, Tricalle, Sant'Anna, Santa Barbara, Santa Filomena, Selvaiezzi, Vacrone Cascini, Vacrone Colle San Paolo, Vacrone Villa Cisterna, Vallepara, Villa Obletter, Villa Reale.

Population
The people from Chieti are called Chietini but also Teatini after the old name of the city ().

, there are 51,330 persons living in the comune, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

Gallery

References

Other websites

Chieti official website  

 
Capital cities in Italy
Pescara is an Italian city in Abruzzo of 123,400 inhabitants. In 1957, the only Pescara Formula One Grand Prix was held, and won by British driver, Stirling Moss. It was the longest ever Formula One track, using over  of local roads. It was first used for motor car racing in 1924, and closed in 1961.

References

 
Capital cities in Italy
Cryptozoology is the study of animals that people think might exist, but can't be proved to exist. It also is the study of animals many scientists think are extinct, but which people sometimes report. Those who study or look for such animals are called cryptozoologists. Some people call the unproven creatures cryptids. John Wall was the first person to use this word in 1983.

List of cryptids 

 Bigfoot
 Chupacabra
 Loch Ness Monster
 Mokele-mbembe
 Yeti
 Kraken
 Leviathan
 Jersey Devil
 De-Loys monkey (Ameranthopoides loysi), also known as Didi or Vasitri

Mongolian Death Worm 
The Mongolian Death Worm is a strange snake-like animal that lives in the Gobi Desert. Scientists do not know if it really exists or not.
People who report seeing it say it is like a red, fat worm around 2 – 4 feet long. People who live in Mongolia call it allghoi khorkhoi. These people also say the creature spits yellow poison that will kill you as soon as it touches you and it can produce electricity so powerful that it could kill large animals.

References 

 
Pseudoscience
Ankylosaurus magniventris was a type of armoured dinosaur. It was the largest of its type, with a maximum length of 8 metres (26 feet) and height of 2 metres (6 feet).

The body was broad and low-slung and covered in armour. Carnivores, attacking from above, would find no weak points, and the animal could defend itself by using its clubbed tail.

Ankylosaurus was a herbivore, like all ankylosaurs.  It probably ate ferns and cycads, which were common low-growing plants.

Armour
The most obvious feature of Ankylosaurus is its armour, consisting of massive knobs and plates of bone, known as osteoderms or bony scutes, embedded in the skin. Osteoderms are also found in the skin of crocodiles, armadillos and some lizards. The bone was probably overlain by a tough, horny layer of keratin.
These osteoderms ranged greatly in size, from wide, flat plates to small, round nodules. The plates were aligned in regular horizontal rows down the animal's neck, back, and hips, with the many smaller nodules protecting the areas between the large plates. Smaller plates may have been arranged on the limbs and tail. Compared to the slightly more ancient ankylosaurid Euoplocephalus, the plates of Ankylosaurus were smooth in texture, without the high keels found on the armor of the contemporaneous nodosaurid Edmontonia. A row of flat, triangular spikes may have protruded laterally along each side of the tail. Tough, rounded scales protected the top of the skull, while four large pyramidal horns projected outwards from its rear corners.

Underneath it was covered by normal skin, but to get at it the carnivore would have to turn over an animal weighing up to 6,000 kg (11,000 lb).
In movies 
Ankylosaurus features in the Jurassic Park series of movies. In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, several Ankylosaurus flee from a volcanic eruption and at least one is captured by mercenaries. It is later auctioned off to a wealthy Indonesian.

References 

Ankylosauria
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Matera is a city in the area of Basilicata, in the southern part of Italy. It is the capital of the province of Matera. On October 17, 2014, Matera was declared Italian host of European Capital of Culture for 2019

References

World Heritage Sites in Italy
Cities in Basilicata
Capital cities in Italy
Settlements in Matera
Potenza () is an Italian city in south of Italy, in the region Basilicata. It is the capital of Basilicata and also the center of Potenza province. About 70,000 people live there.

Potenza means strength in Italian.
The altitude of the city center is 819m, thus making it the highest provincial capital in Italy.

References

Regional capitals in Italy
Cities in Potenza
The Kara Sea () is part of the Arctic Ocean. It lies north of Siberia. The Kara Sea is separated from the Barents Sea to the west by the Kara Strait and Novaya Zemlya, and the Laptev Sea to the east by the Severnaya Zemlya.

Size 
It is roughly 1,450 kilometres long and 970 kilometres wide. It has an area of around 880,000 km² and an average depth of 110 m.

Geography 
The Kara receives a large amount of fresh water from the Ob, Yenisei, Pyasina, and Taimyra rivers, so its salinity is very variable.

Uses 
Its main ports are Novy Port and Dikson and it is important as a fishing ground although the sea is ice-bound for all but two months of the year. Significant discoveries of petroleum and natural gas, an extension of the West Siberian Oil Basin, have been made but have not yet been developed.
Problems 
There is concern about the levels of nuclear waste the former Soviet Union dumped in the sea which included six nuclear submarine reactors and ten nuclear reactors, and the effect this will have on the marine environment. An International Atomic Energy Agency appraisal showed that releases are low and localised.

Other websites 
 International Atomic Energy Agency:Radiological Conditions of the Western Kara Sea 

Seas of the Arctic Ocean
The Prototheria is a former subclass of mammals, now no longer in use. The name comes from Greek prōtos means 'first', and thēr, 'beast'. The only surviving animals in this subclass are the Monotremes.

There are two other subclasses, the  Metatheria  and  the Eutheria. Metatheria contains the marsupials. All the other mammals are Eutherian.

Evidence is accumulating that the Prototheria is not a natural group, but alternative suggestions are not yet agreed. The term is not listed in Benton's 4th edition (2015), so it is now a dead term.

References 

 
Mammals
Edvard Munch (12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian painter and print-maker. He was born in Adalsbruk. He was an expressionist who painted 1789 known paintings. He is well known for his treatment of emotion such as fear. His way of seeing things had a large influence on the expressionism of the 20th century. People saw this treatment as being intense.

During his life, he had success as a painter: He became famous outside Norway, and his paintings got high prices. The National Gallery (Norway) used much money to buy paintings by Munch. He painted a large murals in the aula (main room) of Norway's (then) only university.
Early life and education
He had four brothers and sisters. He had followed his mother and sister by being the best artists in their family. While Edvard was still young, his mother and one of his sisters died. But it was when he was thirteen that he really came to like art. The first paintings he did were simple objects like medicine bottles and other objects. Later on, he drew oil paintings.

He went to technical college in 1879 where he learnt how to draw paintings with perspective. However, in 1880, the following year he left the school to become a painter.

He went to the Royal School of Art and Design. This is where he learnt sculpturing and naturalistic painting. This is where he drew his first important portrait of himself and his father.

Health and death
Munch was ill very often. Many scientists think that he suffered from bipolar disorder (manic depression). He died at his house in Oslo.
Paintings
The Scream (1893; originally called Despair). This is Munch's best-known painting, and is one of the best known images in the world. It is one of the pieces in a series titled The Frieze of Life. In the series Munch explored the themes of life, love, fear, death and melancholy. As with many of his works, he made several versions of the painting. One version was stolen from the Munch-museum in Oslo, Norway, on 22 August 2004, but on 31 August 2006 Norwegian police found it together with another picture that was stolen at the same time, Madonna.
The Frieze of Life themes  come back throughout Munch's work. These themes can be seen in paintings such as The Sick Child (1886, portrait of his deceased sister Sophie), (1893–1894), Ashes (1894), and The Bridge. The last-named shows limp figures. Those figures have faces with no features, or they have no faces at all. Threatening shapes of heavy trees and houses are above the figures. Munch portrayed women either as frail, innocent sufferers or as lurid, life-devouring vampires. Munch analysts say this reflects his sexual anxieties.

 1885-86: The Sick Child	
 1892: Evening on Karl Johan
 1893: The Scream
 1894: Ashes
 1894–1895: Madonna
 1895: Puberty
 1895: Self-Portrait with Burning Cigarette
 1895: Death in the Sickroom
 1899–1900: The Dance of Life
 1899–1900: The Dead Mother
 1903: Village in Moonlight
 1940–1942: Self Portrait: Between Clock and Bed

Other paintings

Nudes

Self-portraits

Photographs

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Biography from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 The Munch Museum
 Gallery Munch - Løten
 Munch at artcyclopedia
 Catalogue raisonné of Edvard Munch's paintings. 
 Edvard Munch 
 Interpol's page  about the stolen works of art
Munch and bipolar disorder:
 Rothenberg A. Bipolar illness, creativity, and treatment. Psychiatr Q. 2001 Summer;72(2):131-47.
 Edvard Munch in Germany 

Norwegian painters
1863 births
1944 deaths
Sex education is telling people about sexual intercourse. Usually, parents tell their children when they reach puberty. This usually includes things like how to make babies, how to protect against unwanted pregnancies, and how not to get any of the sexually transmitted diseases there are. In many cultures speaking about sex or sexual education is a taboo.

Some level of sex education is also done in school; in many places, the government passed laws that say that sex education must be done in school. Some parts of sex education vary by culture, e.g. the moral and ethic aspects.

Other websites 
 SIECUS Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States

Human sexuality
The bedroom is a room where people sleep.  A bedroom mainly has a bed and drawers or other storage for clothes.  Many bedrooms also have a closet and nightstand.  Some houses have more than one bedroom, and the biggest one is called a master bedroom.  A master bedroom may have an attached bathroom called an ensuite.

Rooms
Marche is one of the twenty regions of Italy, in Central Italy on the Adriatic Sea. The capital is the city of Ancona.

Geography 
The region is located in Central Italy bordered by Emilia-Romagna and the republic of San Marino to the north, Tuscany to the west, Umbria to the southwest, Abruzzo and Lazio to the south, and the Adriatic Sea to the east.

Marche is the 15th largest region in Italy, with a total area of . The main rivers in the region are:
 Metauro, 
 Tronto, 
 Potenza, 
 Chienti, 
 Esino, 

The Nera river is  long but is a tributary of the Tiber and flows mainly in the Lazio region.

The highest mountain in the region is Monte Vettore, in the Ascoli Piceno province, with an altitude of .

Provinces 
The region is divided into five provinces:

Largest municipalities
The 10 communi with more people living in it are:

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Blog in English just about Le Marche Italy

 Official Site
Umbria is one of the twenty regions of Italy, in center Italy. It is the one of the smallest Italian region. Its capital is Perugia.

It is the only region without a coastline or a border with another country.

Geography
The region is located in Central Italy with an area of . It is bordered by Marche to the east and northeast, Tuscany to the west and northwest, and Lazio to the south and southwest.

The main river in the region is the Tiber. Other important rivers are the Nera, Paglia, Topino, Chiascio and Nestore.

The largest lake of Umbria is the Trasimeno, one of the largest lake of Italy.

The highest mountain in the region is Cima del Redentore, in the Sibillini Mountains (), with an altitude of .

Provinces 
Umbria is divided into two provinces:

Largest municipalities
The 10 communi with more people living in it are:

References

Other websites

 Official Site
Valle d'Aosta (Val d'Aosta or Val d'Aoste) is a mountainous region in the northwest. In the English language it is usually called the Aosta Valley.

The region has two official name: Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta (in Italian) and Région Autonome Vallée d'Aoste (in French). The capital is Aosta.

The valley goes up towards Mont Blanc. It is the route out of Italy to the North-West. It was used by Roman armies, and the proof is in the archaeological artefacts found in Aosta. The town has been both French and Italian over the past few centuries, and the street names in Aosta are in both languages.

It is the smallest region in Italy, with an area of , and a population of about 126,883. It is the only Italian region which has no provinces. The regional government has taken all the administrative functions of a province. The region is divided into 74 comuni.
Limits
Its frontier to the north is with Switzerland (Canton Valais), to the west with France (region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes), to the south and east with the Italian region of Piedmont.

Geography
The Valle d'Aosta is a small valley, the valley of the Dora Baltea river, with some smaller side valleys. It is in the middle of the Alps, surrounded by four of the tallest mountains throughout Italy and Europe:

 Mont Blanc; height:  (), the highest mountain in the Alps.
 Matterhorn (German), Monte Cervino (Italian) or Mont Cervin (French); height:  ()
 Monte Rosa; height:  (), the second highest mountain in the Alps.
 Gran Paradiso; height:  ().

In the Valle d'Aosta, a region with many mountains and close to the borders with other countries, the mountain passes are very important. Even though now there some tunnels, the passes are important. They add a historical and geographical perspective which is important to tourism and tradition.
The main mountain passes between the Val d'Aosta and other valleys are:
 The Little St Bernard Pass (French: Col du Petit Saint-Bernard; Italian: Colle del Piccolo San Bernardo), between Savoie, France and the Valle d'Aosta;
 The Great St Bernard Pass (French: Col du Grand Saint-Bernard; Italian: Colle del Gran San Bernardo), between Valais, Switzerland and the Valle d'Aosta;.

The southern part of the territory is occupied by the Gran Paradiso National Park, created in 1922 to protect plants and animals in danger of extinction.

The valleys were made by glaciers moving at a time when the entire region was covered by them. Currently, glaciers occupy only the highest peaks.

The Dora Baltea () river flows along the whole Valle d'Aosta, from the northwest to the southeast; it is  long and is a tributary of the Po river.

Mountain communities 

The 74 comuni - with the exception of Aosta - of the Valle d'Aosta are organized in mountain communities (, ). There are eight mountain communities:
Comuni with higher populations
The 10 comuni of the Valle d'Aosta with the higher populations (January 2017) are:

People
A person from the Valle d'Aosta is called a Valdotian (, ).

Population
The total population of Valle d'Aosta on 1 January 2017 was 126,883, of which 61,976 were male and 64,907 were female.

Evolution of the population in the Aosta Valley

Languages
Italian and French are the region's official languages and are used for the regional government's acts and laws, though Italian is much more widely spoken in everyday life. Of the population of the valley 96% speaks Italian as either a first or second language. Of the population 70% speaks French as either first or second language. School education is given equally in both Italian and French.
The regional language is a dialect of Franco-Provençal called Valdôtain (locally, patois). It is spoken as native tongue and as second language by about 58% of the population, according to a poll taken by the Fondation Émile Chanoux in 2002. The residents of the villages of Gressoney-Saint-Jean, Gressoney-La-Trinité and Issime, in the Lys Valley, speak two dialects of Walser German origin called Titsch and Töitschu respectively.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 
 Website of the Aosta Valley Regional Authority 
 Image Vallée - Aosta Valley's landscape photo gallery 
 Weather forecast and map of the Aosta Valley 
 Société de la Flore Valdôtaine
 Patois en Vallée d'Aoste
Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco in Italian) is a mountain in the Alps. Its height is 4810.90 metres. When Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) in the Caucasus is left out, Mont Blanc is often considered the highest point in Europe.

Mont Blanc is on the Italy/France border.

References

Other websites

 

Alps
Mountains of France
Mountains of Italy
Haute-Savoie
Shiite Crescent is used as a political and geopolitical term to describe the different countries in the Middle East whose majority is Shia or who have a strong Shia minority in the population. It is often used to describe the rivalry and the potential of a conflict between the Shia majority and Sunni majority countries in the Middle East. 

The countries where Shia Muslims form a dominant majority are Azerbaijan, Iran, Bahrain and Iraq. The shape of these countries put together resembles a crescent or half moon. Large minorities also exist in Turkey, Lebanon, Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, India, UAE, and Syria. However, Pakistan, India and Azerbaijan are excluded from the Shiite Crescent, and although Shias are a large majority in Azerbaijan, the country is a secular state and the percentage who worship Shia Islam, Islam or any religion are much lower.

Related pages 
 Shiaphobia
Literature 
 Ferhad Ibrahim: Iran und die arabische Welt , in: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, Nr. 9, Bonn 2004, S. 39-47. (German)
 Vali Nasr:  When the Shiites Rise  in: Foreign Affairs July/August 2006 pp. 58– 74.
 Asher Susser: Aufgang des schiitischen Halbmonds, in: Internationale Politik,  Nr. 9, 61. Jahr, (2006),  pp. 68-S.74 (German)

Other websites 
 Le Monde diplomatique: Die Schiiten und ihr Kampf um Gott 
 Deutsche Welle: Die Hisbollah in der arabischen Misstrauensfalle 
 Brockhaus: Ulrich Ladurner: Machtpoker am Persischen Golf  
 Der Tagesspiegel: Der schiitische Halbmond

References

Shiaphobia
Middle East
Political geography
Conflicts
Religion 
Tibet's main religion is Buddhism. Their traditions make it a place of interest to many people. The local monks are sometimes said to have special, superhuman abilities. The writings of Tibetan monks are sometimes shared with outsiders, and are known for their insight. The Tibetan Book of the Dead contains rituals for the dead and dying, somewhat similar to the Catholic last rites. Some Tibetans practice a religion called Bon. People who study Bon disagree where Bon came from, how old it is, and if it can be called a kind of Buddhism. The religious leader of Tibet's Buddhists is called the Dalai Lama. He was forced to leave the country when the Chinese Army took over. The Dalai Lama presently lives in exile in India, but often visits other countries. Many monks and other religious people also were forced to leave the country, and many of them started Buddhist and Bon centers in cities around the world.
History 
Tibet formed from communities living along the Yarlung Tsangpo, the longest river in Tibet. Namri Songtsen united these communities under one king around 600 CE, with the city of Lhasa becoming capital. His son Songtsen Gampo took control of land beyond Lhasa and the Yarlung Tsangpo and started the Tibetan Empire. Tibetan writers say that Buddhists came to Tibet for the first time while Songtsen Gampo was king. Trisong Detsen, king from 755 to 794 CE, gave a lot of support to Buddhism. He helped build a monastery at Samye, which became very important. During Trisong Detsen's time as king, the Tibetan Empire had control over large areas of land. Tibet's borders touched Central Asia and Afghanistan at the west, Bangladesh at the south, and China at the east. After the king Langdarma was killed in 842, the Tibetan Empire collapsed, and Tibet was no longer united under one king.
The Mongol Empire sent armies to Tibet in 1240, and took control over the country over the next nine years. The Mongols left the running of the country to leaders from the Sakya school of Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism spread to Mongolia, and today most people in Mongolia are Buddhists as a result. In the mid-1300s, Tibet became independent again, but the Mongols still had some power and influence. In 1577, the Mongol leader Altan Khan gave the leader of the Gelug school the title Dalai Lama. The fifth Dalai Lama was able to gain control of all of Tibet, and the Dalai Lama became not just the leader of the Gelug school but the leader of Tibet as well. During the 1700s, the Qing Empire, based in China, sent armies to Tibet and took official control of Tibet, but the Qing emperors mostly let the Dalai Lama run the country. The Qing emperor Qianlong gave his support to Tibetan Buddhism, allowing new translations of Buddhist books to be made and building new temples
. In the late 1800s, the British Empire and Russian Empire began to be interested in having control of Tibet, as it was in the middle of Russian colonies in Central Asia and British colonies in India. Britain sent armies to Tibet in 1903-4. They forced Tibet to agree not to be friendly with Russia. A revolution ended the Qing Empire in 1911, and Tibet became independent again, and was independent for the next thirty-six years.
In 1949, Mao Zedong became the leader of China. Mao and the Chinese leaders thought that China should regain control of Tibet, and in 1950, Chinese troops entered the east of Tibet. Mao Zedong was a communist, and thought that many things about the way Tibetans lived their lives should be different. The Chinese communists did not like how much power the Dalai Lama, the Gelug school, and Buddhist groups in general had over Tibetan society, and they wished to reform how land was owned in Tibet. The changes the Chinese Communist Party made in Tibet were enforced with violence, and Tibetans began to rebel against the Chinese government. The Chinese responded by sending many troops in 1959, forcing the Dalai Lama and thousands of other Tibetans to flee to other countries. The Dalai Lama started a government in exile in India. Between 1959 and 1961, most of Tibet's monasteries were destroyed, and the Chinese Communist Party gained control over Tibetans' lives
. China created an administrative division from part of Tibet called the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965, although ethnic Tibetans have not had much say in the running of this region. The Chinese government has encouraged large numbers of Han Chinese people to settle in Tibet. Groups outside of China such as the Human Rights Watch argue that the Chinese government is oppressing Tibetans and causing them to lose their culture.
Political divisions 
Tibet is divided into 2 municipalities (地级市) and five autonomous prefectures (自治州).
 Lhasa (拉萨)
 Xigaze (日喀则)
 Ngari Prefecture (阿里地区)
 Nagqu Prefecture (那曲地区)
 Chamdo Prefecture (昌都地区)
 Nyingchi Prefecture (林芝地区)
 Lhoka Prefecture (山南地区)

Influence outside Tibet 
Tibetan culture also influences other regions nearby, such as Nepal, Bhutan, parts of eastern Kashmir and some regions in northern most Republic of India, most notably Sikkim, Uttaranchal and Tawang. China claims part of the Indian province of Arunachal Pradesh as South Tibet.

Unrest
Unrest 

There has been some protests in Tibet since China took control in the 1950s. Most of them have been because of social or economic problems. Some of them have been because there are people who believe Tibet should not be a part of China. To show their resistance, many Tibetans set themselves on fire to put the Chinese government under pressure to become independent again. In 2011, 19 people killed themselves. A railway line, the Qingzang railway, has been built, linking China to Lhasa. Also, rising prices of food, and difficult access to higher education have angered many people. The railway line also raised fears about more migration. This situation has led to some violence against people from outside Tibet. Some of this violence occurs outside Tibet. When it comes to assigning government posts in Tibet, more other nationalities of Chinese seem to be assigned, rather than Tibetans. The Chinese Government claims that if Tibet became independent again, its economy would suffer.
Related pages
 South Tibet
 Movies banned in China

References

Other websites 
 Tibet Travel Guide
 Tibet Travel Permit
 Tibet Travel Agency
An air gun is a gun which uses gas to fire a projectile instead of burning gunpowder that an ordinary gun uses.

The oldest air guns used a bellows to compress (squeeze) air in a tube. When the gun was fired the air was released. The only way for the air to go was by pushing the pellet out. 

A later invention was the spring piston, these can only fire one shot before the spring has to be reset. Newer guns use air or another gas in a small cartridge, these guns can fire many more shots before the cartridge needs to be changed or refilled.

The projectile for an air gun is usually a pellet. Some guns of this sort fire small round pellets call "bb"s. Some people think this means ball bearing, but it does not. The letters bb stood for a size of shot that was used to make shotgun cartridges, This was used in the first bb guns.
The most popular calibres (pellet sizes) for air weapons are  mm  (also called .177 to .22). In many countries there are strict rules that limit the sales of air guns so not everyone can have one. 

They are not as powerful as other guns but they can still hurt or even kill people. 

Many people enjoy air rifle and pistol shooting either for fun or hunting. In the Olympics and target games, air pistols are used in some of the shooting events.

References

Firearms
A carcass or corpse is another word for a dead body. The dead body may be of any animal, including Homo sapiens.

Related pages
Autopsy

Other websites

Death
In mathematics, a unit circle is a circle with a radius of 1. The equation of the unit circle is . The unit circle is centered at the Origin, or coordinates (0,0). It is often used in Trigonometry.

Trigonometric functions in the unit circle
In a unit circle, where  is the angle desired,  and  can be defined as  and . Using the function of the unit circle, , another equation for the unit circle is found, . When working with trigonometric functions, it is mainly useful to use angles with measures between 0 and  radians, or 0 through 90 degrees. It is possible to have higher angles than that, however. Using the unit circle, two identities can be found:  and  for any integer .

Geometry
Trigonometry
Mathematical analysis
El Al (; ) is the national airline of Israel. It is the country's flag carrier airline. It also flies to Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. El Al serves 48 destinations. It has only one hub: Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv.

History
In 1948, after a conference in Geneva, the first President of Israel had to return to Israel with a government aircraft. However, this was not possible. So a C-54 was converted into a civil aircraft and repainted with the El Al logo in order to bring back the President to Israel.

El Al became the official Israeli airline in 1948. The first international flight took place in 1949. It flew from Tel Aviv to Paris.

Accidents and incidents
Terrorist attacks and incidents 
On 23 July 1968, El Al Flight 426, operated by a Boeing 707-458C en route from London to Tel Aviv via Rome, registered 4X-ATA, was hijacked by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) shortly after take-off from Rome-Fiumicino airport and forcibly diverted to Algiers. The hijacking ended after 40 days and is considered to be the only successful hijacking involving an El Al jet.
On 18 February 1969, El Al Flight 432, operated Boeing 720-058B, registered 4X-ABB, was attacked at Zurich Airport by members of the PFLP while taxiing for takeoff en route from Amsterdam to Tel Aviv, via a Zurich intermediate stop. Seven people were wounded including the copilot who later died from his wounds. In a firefight involving security personnel aboard the aircraft, one hijacker was killed, while the others were arrested. The hijackers were later put on trial in Winterthur, Switzerland but were released following the Dawson's Field hijackings one year later.
On 6 September 1970, El Al Flight 219 from Tel Aviv to New York, with a stopover in Amsterdam, operated by a Boeing 707-458C registered 4X-ATB, was the target of an attempted hijacking by Leila Khaled and Patrick Argüello, members of the Sandinistas working in concert with the PLFB after taking off from Amsterdam. The hijacking was meant to be one of the Dawson's Field hijackings, but it was thwarted by the pilots, cabin crew and the on-board air marshals. The aircraft diverted to Heathrow Airport, where Argüello and Khaled were turned over to British authorities; Argüello, who was shot earlier, died en route to a hospital.
On 16 August 1972, a bomb exploded in the luggage compartment of El Al Flight 444 shortly after takeoff from Rome. The plane returned to Rome safely and no casualties were recorded. The bomb had been hidden in the luggage of two British nationals who had the bombs placed there by Arab acquaintances.
On 13 January 1975, several men, including Carlos the Jackal, made an unsuccessful attempt to destroy an El Al airliner parked at Paris Orly Airport. The men tried again on January 17, also without success.
On 27 December 1985, after several failed attempts to attack El Al aircraft, guerrillas of the Fatah Revolutionary Council attacked El Al and TWA ticket counters at Rome-Fiumicino and Vienna-Schwechat airports, killing 18 people.
A terrorist attack was foiled on 18 April 1986 in what became known as the Hindawi Affair. A pregnant Irishwoman named Anne-Marie Murphy was about to board an El Al flight at London's Heathrow airport when her bag was found to contain three pounds of plastic explosives. These had been planted by her fiancé Nezar Hindawi, who was booked on a different flight. Hindawi was jailed for 45 years, the longest sentence (short of a life sentence) ever delivered by a British court. There was evidence that Syrian officials were involved and as a result, Britain cut off diplomatic relations with Syria.