Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The elimination of player Michael Skupin during the sixth episode is well known for being the first case where a Survivor player has had to be removed because of an injury. While trying to start a fire, Skupin breathed in smoke and fainted, falling into the fire getting really bad burns to his hands. After being cared for by medical personnel, a helicopter was brought in and Skupin was removed from the game. Because of his removal, there was no Immunity Challenge, so there was no Tribal Council. Because of this, the Ogakor and Kucha tribes merged (combined) with the same number of tribe members, instead of the possible six to four (which would have happened if Ogakor lost the Immunity Challenge and gone to Tribal Council). At the first merged Tribal Council, Jeff Varner was voted off after a tie vote between the two old tribes.
During a reward trip, player and future runner-up Colby Donaldson broke an Australian law by breaking off coral from the Great Barrier Reef which could have gave him a fine of AU$110,000. The helicopter pilot in the reward trip also broke an Australian law as he flew over sea bird rookeries. Survivor's producer Mark Burnett said sorry on behalf of Colby and the production team after the season had been shown.

The game lasted 42 days, instead of 39 days. This seson also started the Survivor tradition of showing who won live, so that none of the players would know who won until the finale (last episode).

During a reward on Day 34 where the five players left were allowed to talk with their family members, old Ogakor member Keith Famie asked his girlfriend to marry him, and she said yes.
After the show, fourth-place finisher Elisabeth Filarski went on to co-host talk show The View. She, Tina Wesson, Colby Donaldson, Jerri Manthey, Alicia Calaway and Amber Brkich were asked to return in Survivor: All-Stars. Filarski was the only one who didn't return in the All-Stars season. She wanted to focus on hosting The View, while Wesson, Donaldson, Manthey, Calaway, and Brkich placed 18th, 12th, 10th, 7th, and 1st. Brkich won against fellow player and future husband Rob "Boston Rob" Mariano who had played before in the series' fourth season, Survivor: Marquesas  in a 4-3 vote. Donaldson and Manthey would return again in the Heroes vs. Villains season where they placed 5th, and 4th. Michael Skupin returned in the Philippines season, where he tied for 2nd. Wesson would return in the Blood vs. Water season, where she played with her daughter, Katie Collins, and placed 4th. Jeff Varner and Kimmi Kappenberg were voted into the Cambodia season, where they finished 16th, and 6th
. Varner later played in the Game Changers season.
Players

The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player was able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.

The game

If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork or if one player won and invited others, the players they invited are in brackets.

 Combined Reward and Immunity challenge.
 No immunity was given in Ep. 6 because of Michael's injury.
 There was no Reward Challenge due to tribal merge.

Voting history
Voting history

 Keith and Mitchell were tied 3-3 at Tribal Council. In earlier Tribal Councils, Keith had no votes, but Mitchell had one; so he was eliminated.
 On Day 17 Michael fell into a fire and had to be removed due to injuries, as a result he was the sixth person to leave the game meaning no Tribal Council was held.
Colby and Jeff were tied 5-5 at Tribal Council and in earlier Tribal Councils,  Jeff had two votes, therefore, Jeff was eliminated

References

Other websites
Official CBS Survivor The Australian Outback Website

02
Pelham Humfrey (also: Humphrey) (born London 1647;  died Windsor 14 July 1674) was an English composer in the Baroque period.  Although he died at the age of 26 he had an important influence on English composers such as William Turner and Henry Purcell.  He lived at the time of the Restoration, when England was ruled by a king once more after two decades of republican rule, during which music had not been allowed in churches.

Life
Life 

We do not know much detail about his early life.  He seems to have been a choirboy in the Chapel Royal by 1660.  During this time he was obviously becoming a very gifted composer.  Other boys in the choir included John Blow and William Turner.  As a young man he travelled to France where he heard music by French composers such as Lully and Italians such as Carissimi.  This helped him to form his own style.  He became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal.  He wrote some fine anthems, although the diarist Samuel Pepys thought that he was showing off.  This may be because Pepys did not like the new kind of music.  He married the daughter of his old choir master Henry Cooke.  He became Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal.  This meant that he was in charge of the children in the king's chapel choir.  He was also a court composer.

He became ill and died at the age of 26.  He was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey.
His music
Humfrey composed a lot of music during his very short life.  It helped to form the English Baroque style.  He mostly wrote church music, but he also wrote some music for the theatre.

Humfrey liked to compose music which excited people's emotions.  Some of his melodies jump around in unexpected ways.  There is a lot of chromaticism.  Some of his best anthems include: O Lord my God, By the waters of Babylon and Like as the hart.  He wrote 27 songs.  Five of them are religious songs, and they are some of the best songs of that time.

References

The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; ISBN 1561-59174-2

English composers
Baroque composers
1647 births
1674 deaths
William Turner may refer to:
 William Turner (composer), English baroque composer
 J. M. W. Turner (William Turner) (1775 – 1851), English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker

In fiction:
 Will Turner, fictional character in Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean films
 Bootstrap Bill Turner, father of Will Turner in Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean films
Dolla can mean:

 Dolla (rapper)
 Dolla, County Tipperary
This page is about the composer William Turner.  For other people called William Turner see William Turner (disambiguation page).

William Turner (born Oxford 1651; died London 13 January 1740) was a composer and singer in the Baroque period.  He lived at the same time as English composers such as Pelham Humfrey and Henry Purcell, although he lived a lot longer than they did.  He is remembered today as a composer of about 40 verse anthems.  As a singer, he was a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal from 1669 until his death.
Life
Turner started being a choir boy at Christ Church, Oxford.  Then he became a choir boy in the Chapel Royal in London.  He wrote an anthem together with John Blow and Pelham Humfrey, known as the Club Anthem.  When his voice broke in 1666 he had three years out of the choir, but returned in 1669 and sang as a countertenor in the Chapel Royal for another 71 years until his death.  He became a member of the King's Private Musick.  Besides his work at the king's court he was also a vicar-choral of St Paul's Cathedral and later a lay vicar of the choir of Westminster Abbey.  In 1696 he was given a doctorate of music by Cambridge University.  After that he was known as "Dr Turner".
Music
Most of his music was written before 1700.  It is nearly all church music, but he did write a few pieces for the theatre.  He wrote 40 anthems, three service settings and a motet.  One of his best anthems is God standeth in the congregation of Princes.  It includes a very dramatic solo for bass to the words "God reigneth over the heathen".

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; ISBN 1-56159-174-2

Countertenors
English composers
Baroque composers
1641 births
1740 deaths
Survivor: Africa was the third season of the United States reality show Survivor. It was filmed in 2001 and was shown on TV from October 11, 2001 - January 10, 2002 on CBS. It was set in Kenya's Shaba National Reserve on the African continent.

The two starting tribes were Boran and Samburu (named after the real-life Borana and Samburu tribes). In the fifth episode, after 12 days, three members from each team were sent to the other team, in what became known as the first twist in the Survivor series. The players then knew that they must be ready for the most sudden changes; future seasons would have similar twists. Later on, the two tribes merged (combined) into a new tribe, which the players named "Moto Maji" (Kiswahili for 'fire' and 'water').
This season was also the first to have a tiebreaker challenge: in the season before, the person that had most votes against them in earlier Tribal Councils was voted out in such a situation, but in Samburu's first tribal council, Carl Bilancione and Lindsey Richter each had four votes. The two competed in a nature quiz tiebreaker, the loser of which was eliminated.

During the finale (last episode), the producers made it look like the votes were being read at the Final Tribal Council right after the votes were cast. Jeff Probst went to get the voting urn and, when he returned, it appeared he had returned to the Tribal Council site to read the votes. However, he was actually on a CBS sound stage in Hollywood (with a live audience) that was made up to look like the site. This was told after he read the votes and said who won. The players were told to try to make themselves look like they were at the last Tribal Council and the audience was told to hold any cheering or clapping until after they said who won.
There were thirteen episode, plus a mid-season recap, a live reunion/interview with Bryant Gumbel after the finale, and a "where are they now" show. The winner, Ethan Zohn, was revealed on January 10, 2002, where he won against Kim Johnson by a vote of 5-2.

Ethan Zohn, Lex van den Berghe, and Tom "Big Tom" Buchanan returned in Survivor: All-Stars, where they placed 11th, 9th, and 5th.

Players

The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.

The game

In the case of multiple tribes or castaways who win reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically where it was a team effort; where one castaway won and invited others, the invitees are in brackets.

Voting history

 Lindsey and Carl competed in a nature quiz tiebreaker, which Carl lost. 
 Lindsey was eliminated because she had four previous votes against her.
Controversy
There was some controversy about an immunity challenge in the last episode. In a "Fallen Comrades" challenge, where the players were asked questions about players in the game who had been voted out, the last question was "Which female contestant has no piercings?" The official answer, given by Kim Johnson to earn the win, was Kelly Goldsmith. Lex van den Berghe answered the question with Lindsey Richter's name, who also had no piercings, but the producers did not know this. After the producers were told about mistake, both third place finisher van den Berghe and fourth place finisher Tom Buchanan were awarded the $100,000 runner-up prize instead of the usual third and fourth place earnings.

References

Other websites
Official CBS Survivor Africa Website

03
Montehermoso (Montelmosu in Extremaduran language) is a municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.

Municipalities in Extremadura
Province of Cáceres
Jediism is a religious movement based on the Star Wars franchise of movies.

Related pages
Jedi
Sith
The Force

References

Star Wars
New religious movements
Sangerhausen is the capital of the Mansfeld-Südharz rural district in Germany. It is between Magdeburg and Erfurt. The river Gonna flows through it.

References
Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer-songwriter and actress, and musician. She has starred in a television series (Hannah Montana) and in four movies. She has released five albums and has written an autobiography.

Cyrus played minor roles in television series Doc and movie Big Daddy and Big Fish. She then appeared in Hannah Montana in 2006. Her debut studio album Meet Miley Cyrus was released in 2007. As of 2020, Cyrus has released eight albums: Meet Miley Cyrus (2007), Breakout (2008), Can't be Tamed (2010), Bangerz (2013), Miley Cyrus and Her Dead Petz (2015), Younger Now (2017), Plastic Hearts (2020), and Endless Summer Vacation (2023).
Personal life 
Destiny Hope Cyrus was born in Franklin, Tennessee. Her parents are Billy Ray Cyrus and Letitia "Tish" (Finley) Cyrus. Miley was a childhood nickname. 
In 2008, Cyrus dated Australian actor Liam Hemsworth. The two became engaged before breaking off their engagement in 2013. They reconciled and were later married on December 23, 2018.

In August 10 2019, it was announced that Cyrus and Hemsworth had separated. On January 28, 2020, the divorce was finalized.

Professional life

Television

Cyrus was eleven years old when she starred in the television series, Hannah Montana. In 2012 and 2013, Cyrus played Missi in the series Two and a Half Men. In August 2013, Cyrus twerked on singer Robin Thicke at the MTV Video Music Awards program. It was the most tweeted about event in history. There were 360,000 tweets per minute.

In September 2016, Cyrus co-starred in Amazon Studios' Crisis in Six Scenes.
Music
In 2006, Cyrus released the first Hannah Montana soundtrack album. It has sold 4.5 million copies. It reached number one on the US Billboard 200. In 2007, she released a double album, Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus. The first CD was a soundtrack album for Hannah Montana, and the second CD was Cyrus' first studio album. She starred in the Best of Both Worlds Tour.

Her second album was Breakout (2008) and third album was Can't be Tamed (2010).
Her fourth album Bangerz was released on October 4 by RCA Records. So far three singles have been released from Bangerz. We Can't Stop was released in June 2013. It reached number 2 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. In September 2013, Cyrus released the nude music video for her next single, "Wrecking Ball". It racked up more than 19.3 million views on Vevo in 24 hours, which was a record at the time. It reached number one in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. "Wrecking Ball" was her first number-one single in the United States. In 2014, Cyrus embarked on The Bangerz World Tour.

On October 5, 2013, Cyrus presented Saturday Night Live for the second time.

Cyrus was a featured artist on rapper Future's November 2013 single, "Real and True". The single reached number 32 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

In December 2013, MTV chose Cyrus as the best artist of the year. The video for the third single from Bangerz, "Adore You", was posted on Vevo on December 26, 2013.
Cyrus released her fifth album, Miley Cyrus and Her Dead Petz, on the music-sharing site Soundcloud on August 30, 2015, following the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, which she hosted.

Cyrus released the lead single "Malibu" from her sixth album, Younger Now, on May 11, 2017.

She released Plastic Hearts in 2020, which featured the singles "Midnight Sky" and "Prisoner", which samples "Physical" by Olivia Newton-John and features British singer Dua Lipa.

In 2023, Cyrus released her eighth studio album, Endless Summer Vacation. The lead single "Flowers" entered at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her second US chart-topper after "Wrecking Ball" (2013).

Movies
In 2008, Cyrus voiced the part of "Penny" in the Disney computer-animated movie Bolt. In 2009, she starred in Hannah Montana: The Movie. In 2010, she starred in The Last Song and had a brief appearance in Sex and the City 2. In 2012, she starred in LOL and in So Undercover.
Books
In 2008, Cyrus posed nude for snaps that appeared in Vanity Fair magazine. This adventure did not damage Cyrus's career. In early 2009, Cyrus released the autobiography, Miles to Go. The book is a collection of family photographs, stories, and memories.

Discography
Meet Miley Cyrus (2007)
Breakout (2008)
Can't Be Tamed (2010)
Bangerz (2013)
Miley Cyrus and Her Dead Petz (2015)
Younger Now (2017)
Plastic Hearts (2020)
Endless Summer Vacation (2023)

Filmography

Films

Television

References

Other websites

 
 Miley Cyrus at MTV
 
 

1992 births
Living people
Actors from Tennessee
American child actors
American child singers
American feminists
American movie actors
American pop singers
American country singers
American rock singers
American dance musicians
American hip hop singers
American R&B singers
American television actors
American voice actors
Disney actors
Disney singers
 
Pansexual people
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Survivor: Marquesas was the fourth season of the United States reality show Survivor. Hosted by Jeff Probst, it was shown on TV from February 28 - May 19, 2002 on CBS. There were thirteen episodes, plus a mid-season recap and live interview with Rosie O'Donnell after the finale (last episode). The winner, Vecepia Towery, was revealed on May 19, 2002, where she won against Neleh Dennis by a vote of 4-3.

In the beginning, the players were divided into two tribes: Maraamu and Rotu (Marquesan for 'Southern Wind' and 'Rain'). They later merged (combined) into one tribe. Kathy Vavrick-O'Brien and Rob "Boston Rob" Mariano named the new tribe "Soliantu", a name they made up that means "Sacred Allegiance to the Sun".

The Marquesas Islands were actually chosen as a backup location for Survivor. This season was going to take place in Jordan, but they switched location due to the September 11, 2001 attacks and the political situation in the Middle East.
This was the first season where the players were not given any supplies at the beginning, such as food, water, or matches. Also, the rules of the Individual Immunity Idol were changed so that a player who won the idol in a challenge was able to give it to another player. Finally, earlier votes against a player were not counted in future Tribal Councils. As this used to be the way of deciding if a contestant was eliminated in case of a tie, a new tiebreaker was made. The controversial Purple Rock tiebreaker was used in this season alone, and resulted in the elimination of Paschal English, then with no votes against him. A small rise in the average number of viewers was seen for the season compared to the last season, Survivor: Africa.

Vavrick-O'Brien and Mariano were chosen from this season to return in Survivor: All-Stars, where they placed 8th and 2nd. Mariano returned once again in Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, placing 13th.

Players
Players

The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.

Note 1: Paschal was not voted out. The purple rock determined who would be eliminated. He drew the purple rock and he became the 6th jury member.

The game

If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork, or where one player won and invited others, the players that were invited are in brackets.

 No reward challenge took place due to tribal switch.

 There was no reward challenge due to tribal merge.

 Each of the six remaining contestants were visited by a friend or family member, who then proceeded to compete in a reward challenge on behalf of their loved one. Kathy's son Pat won the right to spend 24 hours at the Soliantu camp.
Kathy and Neleh were tied 2-2 and due to no unanimous decision as to which of the two would be next to go, the two of them along with Paschal drew colored rocks (two yellow, one purple). Because Paschal drew the purple rock, he was eliminated and became the sixth jury member.

: Paschal was not voted out. The purple rock determined who would be eliminated. He drew the purple rock and he became the sixth jury member.
Purple Rock controversy
Paschal's elimination marked a big controversy in the game of Survivor. In the Episode Thirteen Tribal Council, Neleh and Kathy each got two votes while Vecepia had immunity. In earlier tie situations, where a re-vote did not decide who would be voted off, votes from past tribal councils were used, and the player with the most earlier votes was eliminated. In Marquesas, the earlier votes rule was no longer used; instead players who did not have immunity would pull rocks colored yellow and purple from a bag. The player with the purple rock would be eliminated. In this situation, Kathy and Neleh drew yellow rocks, and Paschal pulled the purple rock. Although he never got any votes in the entire game, he was eliminated due to chance. Probst later said that using the purple rock tie-breaker was a mistake at this point in the game, because the formula behind it was impossible to apply fairly with only four survivors left.
No tie happened on the show until six seasons later on Palau. It was during that season that the tie-breaker was revealed to be a fire-making challenge. However, Survivors who took part in the show between the Marquesas and Palau seasons thought that the Purple Rock challenge would still be used. As a result, many players would change alliances so they're wouldn't be another tie and another chance of drawing the Purple Rock.

Since Palau, there have been four tie situations that were solved with fire-making challenges, all of which were at the Final Four stage of the game. In Survivor: Micronesia, it was suggested by Cirie Fields that the purple rock tiebreaker is the tiebreaker for all ties except in the Final Four, when a challenge is used instead.

References

Other websites
Official CBS Survivor Marquesas Website

04
Survivor: Thailand was the fifth season of the United States reality show Survivor. It was filmed in the summer of 2002 and was shown on TV from September 19 – December 19, 2002 on CBS. It was set on the island of Ko Tarutao in Thailand. There were fourteen episodes, one being shown each week. The season started with two tribes; an orange tribe, Chuay Gahn (Thai:  "to help one another") and a purple tribe, Sook Jai ( "happy heart" ). Later, they merged (combined) into one tribe, which the players named "Chuay Jai", made by mixing the names Chuay Gahn and Sook Jai. On December 19, 2002, Brian Heidik won against Clay Jordan by a vote of 4-3 to become the sole survivor.
The season had many new gameplay twists. The first happened on Day 1, when the two oldest players, Jake Billingsley and Jan Gentry, were given the power to pick their own tribes. This was the first time in Survivor history that the two starting teams were not chosen by the producers. The second was an offer of mutiny on Day 14, which means that the twelve players that were left could join the opposite tribe if they wanted to. No one took the offer. (The twist was used again during Survivor: Cook Islands, with two players switching tribes.)
The biggest twist of the season was the fake merge. When only ten players were left, the usual time for a merge, the two tribes moved onto one beach, with a feast waiting for them. The two tribes thought they were merging, and Shii Ann Huang tried to align herself with members of the other tribe. At the next challenge they went to, however, the two tribes were told that they were living on one beach, but were not merged yet. That day, Shii Ann's tribe lost immunity, and she was voted off.

Host Jeff Probst said that he didn't like this season, and called it his least favorite. He said the season was mean-spirited and had a lot of hostility and ugliness, even calling Brian, Clay, Helen, and Jan "the least likable final four ever."

Shii Ann was the only player this season to return in Survivor: All-Stars, where she placed 6th.

Players
Players

The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.

The game

If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork, or where one player won and invited others, the players they invited are in brackets.

 For the first time, the players would be bidding for items as tribes. Sook Jai and Chuay Gahn each got $1000 in American money.

 In a twist, the Survivors' family members competed in an insect food eating challenge to see their loved one. Helen's husband Jim actually won the challenge and he spent 24 hours at the Chuay Jai camp with her.

 In another twist, the players and their loved ones competed for immunity. Ted and his younger brother Aljuan won thus earning Ted immunity.

Voting history

References

Other websites
Official CBS Survivor Thailand Website

05
Cryptoclidus was a plesiosaur, an aquatic reptile up to 13 feet (4 m) long. It had curved, interlocking teeth, a wide skull, and large, flexible, paddle-like flippers. The fragile head and teeth could not deal with large prey. That suggests a diet of small, soft-bodied animals such as squid and small shoaling fish.

Cryptoclidus fossils have been found in England, France, Russia and possibly South America.

Cryptoclidus was named by Seeley in 1892. The type species is C. eurymerus.

Plesiosaurs
Goombas first appeared in the video game Super Mario Bros., and was the last enemy put into the game. People stated that the Koopa Troopa was too hard an enemy, so the designers decided to introduce the Goomba as a basic enemy. When they decided to do this, however, they had very little space left in the game. They used a single picture twice to make people think the Goombas are walking, rotating it back and forth, causing it to look lopsided as it walks and giving the motion the appearance of a trot. The Goomba's resemblance to the Super Mushroom forced designers to change what the Super Mushroom does and what it looks like. They used the Goomba's ability to be jumped on and defeated to teach players how to deal with enemies and to not fear the Super Mushroom. The Goombas are designed after a kind of mushroom called shiitake. Early pictures for the Super Mario Bros. film showed that the design of the Goombas were originally intended to be for Koopa Troopas, another kind of Mario enemy
. A separate company from the primary makeup departments designed the Goombas in the film.
The Goomba has become an icon of the Mario series, both in its appearance and the concept of "stomping on them", often referenced as one of the key elements of the original Super Mario Bros. IGN editor Craig Harris described the Goomba as a "household name" along with Koopa Paratroopas and King Koopa. Video game musician and reviewer Tommy Tallarico commented that many new converts to gaming have "never even made Super Mario smoosh a Goomba". In a criticism of video game storytelling, Gamasutra editor Daniel Cook referenced Goombas being mushrooms, but also that it was a less important fact than them being squat, to-scale with the world, and able to be squashed. In an article discussing happiness in video games, Gamasutra editor Lorenzo Wang listed the sound the Goomba makes when it's squished as one of his pleasures. IGN editor Mark Birnhaum praised the sound effects of Super Mario Bros., giving similar praise to the sound of the Goomba being stomped on
. It was compared to the Met enemy from the Mega Man series, calling them the "Goomba of the Mega Man series." Crave Online editor Joey Davidson described the Goomba as the series' "everyman", describing it as both defenseless and of little threat, listing such exceptions as the giant Goombas seen in Super Mario Galaxy. A common enemy in Braid has been compared to the Goomba, Gaming Age editor Dustin Chadwell calling it a "slightly skewed version of the Goomba. The Goombas were included in the Ice Capades show featuring characters from the Mario series.
The Super Mario Bros. film version of the Goomba has received negative reception. IGN editor Jesse Schedeen called Bowser and his Goombas the most screwed up part of the film, commenting that it would be difficult to create a live action version of the Goomba that deviates from the original version more than this. An Entertainment Weekly article called the design creepy, stating that its "foam-latex skin had to be baked for five hours at 200 degrees to achieve that lovely reptilian effect." The facial design of the character Venom in Spider-Man 3 was compared to the film version's of the Goomba by Crave Online, describing Venom's face as stupid, short, and rounded. Hal Hinson of the Washington Post called the Goombas "big dumb goons with shrunken little dino heads", yet also calling them the "best movie heavies since the flying monkeys in "The Wizard of Oz"".
Goomba plush toys have been created by Nintendo. In 1990, a few Mario characters became part of a series of McDonald's Happy Meal toys, as part of a way to promote the release of Super Mario Bros. 3. The Mario toy set featured Mario in his Raccoon form, Luigi, a Koopa Paratroopa, and a Goomba. A plush Goomba that plays the Goomba "defeat" noise as well as the Game Over tune at certain points was released.

References 

Mario series characters
Thalassomedon |the-lass-a-med-in| (meaning "lord of the seas") was a plesiosaur (not a dinosaur, but an extinct marine reptile from the Mesozoic Era that lived in the open oceans and breathed air). Fossils have been found in the USA. The type species, Thalassomedon haningtoni (named by Welles in 1943).

Description 
It had a long neck (with 63 vertebrae), a long snout, long, sharp teeth (up to 5 cm long), a short, pointed tail and four flippers, each about 1.5–2 meters (4.9–6.6 ft) long. This reptile was about 40 feet (12 m) long; its skull was about 18.7 inches (47 cm) long.

Stones have been found in the fossil's stomach area, leading some to believe they helped with eating.

Plesiosaurs
Thomas Kahlenberg (born 20 March 1983) is a Danish football player. He plays for Wolfsburg and Denmark national team.

In March 2020, Kahlenberg tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the current pandemic of the disease, after having been infected at a birthday party in Amsterdam.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Brøndby||rowspan="4"|Superliga||2||0
|-
|2002/03||32||4
|-
|2003/04||30||11
|-
|2004/05||33||13

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="4"|Auxerre||rowspan="4"|Ligue 1||38||8
|-
|2006/07||29||4
|-
|2007/08||29||2
|-
|2008/09||34||5

|-
|2009/10||Wolfsburg||Bundesliga||||
97||28
130||19
0||0
227||47
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
|2006||5||1
|-
|2007||12||1
|-
|2008||2||0
|-
|2009||3||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||28||3
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Danish footballers
Ricardo Alexandre dos Santos (born 24 June 1976) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="8"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="8"|Série A||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|1995||10||0||||||||||10||0
|-
|1996||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|1997||21||3||||||||||21||3
|-
|1998||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|1999||17||3||||||||||17||3
|-
|2000||21||5||||||||||21||5
|-
|2001||22||3||||||||||22||3

|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||11||1||1||0||1||0||13||1
|-
|2003||21||4||0||0||3||1||24||5
|-
|2004||11||0||0||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|2005||8||0||0||0||1||0||9||0
|-
|2005||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|-
|2006||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 2||32||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||32||8

|-
|2007||Cruzeiro||Série A||5||0||||||||||5||0
|-
|2007||Corinthians Paulista||Série A||8||0||||||||||8||0
146||16||||||||||146||16
96||13||1||0||7||1||104||14
242||29||1||0||7||1||250||30
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Antonio Bezerra Brandão or simply Toninho (born December 21, 1977), is a Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2001||rowspan="6"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||39||1||1||0||2||0||42||1
|-
|2002||43||5||3||1||colspan="2"|-||46||6
|-
|2003||38||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|-
|2004||40||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||4
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||31||5||2||1||6||0||39||6
|-
|2006||31||3||1||0||4||1||36||4
222||19||11||2||12||1||245||22
222||19||11||2||12||1||245||22
|}

1977 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Fernando Rech (born 13 March 1974) is a former Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="2"|Juventude||rowspan="2"|Série A||2||0
|-
|1996||19||7
|-
|1997||Palmeiras||Série A||1||0

|-
|1997||Yokohama Flügels||J. League 1||14||5

|-
|1998||Internacional||Série A||0||0
|-
|1999||Juventude||Série A||8||0
|-
|2000||Etti Jundiai||Série A||0||0

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Brisbane Strikers||rowspan="3"|National Soccer League||22||9
|-
|2001/02||26||10
|-
|2002/03||20||9
|-
|2003/04||Parramatta Power||National Soccer League||21||9

|-
|2005||Esportivo Bento Gonçalves||||0||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Adelaide United||rowspan="2"|A-League||18||7
|-
|2006/07||17||6
30||12
14||5
124||50
168||67
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Alberto Acosta (born 23 August 1966) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="2"|Unión||rowspan="2"|Primera División||39||7
|-
|1987/88||32||8
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="2"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="2"|Primera División||36||19
|-
|1989/90||28||15

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Toulouse||rowspan="2"|Division 1||31||6
|-
|1991/92||7||0

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="2"|Primera División||21||7
|-
|1992/93||19||12
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Boca Juniors||rowspan="2"|Primera División||18||7
|-
|1993/94||16||4

|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Universidad Católica||rowspan="2"|Primera División||25||33
|-
|1995||20||10

|-
|1996||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||21||10

|-
|1997||Universidad Católica||Primera División||25||12

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="2"|Primera División||19||9
|-
|1998/99||13||8
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||13||3
|-
|1999/00||33||22
|-
|2000/01||32||14

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="3"|Primera División||29||11
|-
|2002/03||30||11
|-
|2003/04||18||10
318||128
38||6
70||55
21||10
78||39
525||238
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||6||1
|-
|1993||9||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||4||2
|-
!Total||19||3
|}

References

1966 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Argentine football managers
Gérald Passi (born January 24, 1964) is a former French football player. He has played for the French national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1981/82||rowspan="4"|Montpellier La Paillade||Division 1||4||0
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="3"|Division 2||16||1
|-
|1983/84||29||2
|-
|1984/85||23||3
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="5"|Toulouse||rowspan="5"|Division 1||35||10
|-
|1986/87||37||12
|-
|1987/88||22||8
|-
|1988/89||28||3
|-
|1989/90||26||8
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Division 1||29||4
|-
|1991/92||30||6
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Saint-Étienne||rowspan="3"|Division 1||36||5
|-
|1993/94||14||2
|-
|1994/95||13||2

|-
|1995||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||25||3
342||66
25||3
367||69
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1987||4||0
|-
|1988||7||2
|-
!Total||11||2
|}

Other websites
 National Football Teams

1964 births
Living people
Footballers from Occitanie
People from Tarn
Kenichiro Meta (born 2 July 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||6||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2003||33||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
|-
|2004||43||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||45||2
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 2||43||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||44||0
|-
|2006||J. League 1||20||0||0||0||5||2||25||2
|-
|2007||Kyoto Sanga||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||Tochigi||Football League||16||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||18||2
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||42||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||43||1
|-
|2009||38||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||39||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
241||5||10||0||5||2||256||7
241||5||10||0||5||2||256||7
|}

References

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
Hiromasa Suguri (born 29 July 1976) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Honda||rowspan="3"|Football League||13||0||||||||||13||0
|-
|1996||25||4||||||||||25||4
|-
|1997||18||4||||||||||18||4
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||20||1||3||0||1||0||24||1
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||25||3||2||0||1||0||28||3
|-
|2000||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|-
|2000||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||10||0||0||0||0||0||10||0
|-
|2002||10||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||17||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2004||25||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||26||1
|-
|2005||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2005||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||14||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
|-
|2007||22||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
231||17||5||0||8||0||244||17
231||17||5||0||8||0||244||17
|}

References
is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an Association football or soccer player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|Kokushikan University||rowspan="4"|Football League||12||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2002||6||0||||||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2003||10||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||1
|-
|2004||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="5"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||8||0||3||1||4||1||15||2
|-
|2006||28||2||2||0||4||0||34||2
|-
|2007||32||0||1||0||6||0||39||0
|-
|2008||28||1||2||0||4||0||34||1
|-
|2009||26||0||1||0||4||0||31||0
|-
|2010||Kyoto Sanga||||||||||||||||||
|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|Omiya Ardija||||||||||||||||||
|-
|2012||||||||||||||||||||
156||4||9||1||22||1||187||6
156||4||9||1||22||1||187||6
|}

References

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Dirty Harry is a 1971 American crime thriller movie. It was produced and directed by Don Siegel. It was the first in the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the main role. Eastwood acts as a San Francisco Police Department Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callaghan, trying to catch a serial killer. The character is based on real life cop Dave Toschi hunting for the Zodiac Killer.

Dirty Harry was followed by four sequels: Magnum Force in 1973, The Enforcer in 1976, Sudden Impact in 1983 (directed by Eastwood), and The Dead Pool in 1988.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

1971 crime movies
1971 thriller movies
1970s crime thriller movies
1971 action movies
1970s serial killer movies
American serial killer movies
American crime thriller movies
American action thriller movies
Buddy cop movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Movies about extortion
Movies about police officers
Chase movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Don Siegel
Lindi Ortega (born May 28, 1980) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and musician, known for her voice that has been described as a blend of Dolly Parton, Johnny Cash and Emmylou Harris. She spent nearly a decade as an independent artist in the Toronto music scene, self-releasing two albums and an EP in that time. In 2008 she was signed to Cherrytree Records / Interscope Records and released a second EP. Lindi performed at the 2009 South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas. In July 2009 Lindi was the opening act for Kevin Costner & Modern West's tour. In September 2009 Lindi performed on a cross-Canada tour as opening act for Keane's North American tour.

Discography

Studio albums and EPs

Compilations and soundtracks

References

Other websites 
 LindiOrtega.ca 
 Lindi Ortega's MySpace profile

1980 births
Canadian songwriters
Living people
Singers from Toronto
Ofra Haza (Hebrew: עפרה חזה , full name: Bat-Sheva Ofra Haza-Ashkenazi, 19 November 1957 – 23 February 2000) was an Israeli pop, synth-pop and R&B singer. She was born in Tel Aviv and died in Ramat Gan. She died of AIDS and was buried in the Yarkon Cemetery in Petah Tikva.

Other websites 

 Ofra Haza Official Website  
 Ofra Haza at Internet Movie Database
 Ofra Haza memorial page at Find a Grave

1957 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from AIDS
Infectious disease deaths in Israel
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Israeli pop singers
Jewish Israeli musicians
Singers from Tel Aviv
Synth-pop singers
Nestos, or Mesta, is a river in the Balkans that crosses two countries. Particularly, it starts from Bulgaria, then goes to Greece and at the end it drains into the Aegean Sea. Its length is 230 km.

Line
It starts between the southwestern area of the mountainy place called Rila and of the northwestern Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Then it goes through the Pirin mountains and it gets a lot of water from other smaller rivers. It crosses the valley of Nevrokopi and continues between Orvilos and Rhodope, entering Greece through Drama Prefecture. After that it goes to Xanthi Prefecture and cosses a narow and long valley. Eventually at the end, it goes through Xanthi and Chrysoupoli and it drains in the Aegean Sea, making a big delta.
Usefulness
It is a natural border between Macedonia and Thrace. It is an important river for the people there because there is a valley so they can water their crops or drink water, take a bath, do watersports etc. Greece and Bulgaria have been arguing for many years about Nestos. After a signed agreement in 1995 the copyrights of Bulgaria are 71% and Greece's 29%.

References

Geography of Bulgaria
Rivers of Greece
Pinecone fishes are small and unusual fish of the family Monocentridae. The family contains just four species.  They live in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. Pinecone fishes are popular in aquariums, but are expensive and a challenge for the hobbyist.

The pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris, is the largest species, reaching up to  in length.

Life history 
Pinecone fishes live in ledges and caves, rocky and coral reefs over a hard bottom. Pinecone fishes are nocturnal.

Species 

 Genus Cleidopus
 Pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis, 1882.
 Genus Monocentris
 Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782).
 Monocentris neozelanicus (Powell, 1938).
 Monocentris reedi Schultz, 1956.

References

Teleosts
The  is the name for all the shows produced by Tsuburaya Productions featuring Ultraman, his many Kyodai (Brothers), and the countless number of ultra beings and the Ultra Monsters. The Ultra Series is one of the tokusatsu superhero productions from Japan, along with Kamen Rider, Super Sentai, and the Metal Hero Series.
Ultraman is a Seijin from the Land of Light M-78. Many Ultramen are usually red and silver (although several different colored ultra's have been seen in recent years, most of them are blue colored) and have glowing yellow eyes (except for red warriors) and they have many abilities, most of them are to fire energy beams from many positions of crossed hands. The Ultra beings’ main weakness is that they can only stay on Earth in giant form for a small time, usually not longer than three minutes, because of the small amount of energy supply (Earth's atmosphere decreases the solar energy). This is marked by a blue light on the character's body usually called the Color Timer (but Ultraseven, 21, Nexus Anphans, and Next did not have a color timer) or "warning light," which begins to blink red with increase in blinking as his energy supply goes down (and turns from grey to red) but Red warriors like Ultraseven had an orb on his head instead of a Color Timer
. During this time the Ultra beings must either find a way to recharge or finish the fight as soon as possible, or forced to turn to human form, or worse, certain death. Sometimes some Ultra Warriors take them back to their home planet or when reflected sun rays by the mirrors on his color timer might charge them up. Some say another reason for Ultraman to recharge is because the Earth is badly polluted by humans, so Ultraman only has three minutes on Earth, but can survive long enough in outer space. The time limit only happens inside the Earth's atmosphere but they have none of those problems in outer space. In this case, Ultramen are almost always merged with a human host or create a human form for themselves in order to survive on Earth, more often than not reviving a recently dead person with their own lifeforce (Hikari did not revive the dead person but he controlled him)
. Ultra beings' also appear to be nearly immpossible to be permanently killed, as several times an Ultra being has been killed only to be revived by another member of their species. In other cases a large enough amount of energy can be provided to bring them back to life, usually provided by their human allies, even after being completely destroyed, as was the case with Mebius, death at the hands of Empera Seijin, only to be revived shortly thereafter by the life energy of his allies.
Ultra Q was originally the first Ultra Series but it featured any of the Ultras without monsters and came Ultraman. It was followed by many other series. Productions after the original series are: Ultraseven (1967, TBS), Return of Ultraman (1971, TBS), Ultraman Ace (1972, TBS), Ultraman Taro (1973, TBS), Ultraman Leo (1974, TBS), Ultraman 80 (1980, TBS), Ultraman Tiga (1996, MBS), Ultraman Dyna (1997, MBS), Ultraman Gaia (1998, MBS), and Ultraman Cosmos (2001, MBS). Recently the studio tried bringing back the stories of the hero through the "Ultra N Project," which involved three heroes: Ultraman Noa (the "mascot" of the Ultra N Project, who appears in stage shows as well as the final episode of Ultraman Nexus) in 2003, Ultraman Nexus (2004, CBC), and ULTRAMAN (2004, Shochiku Productions). This was followed by a return to past-style series in the form of Ultraman Max (2005, CBC). In the course of Max series, another new hero known as Ultraman Xenon was also introduced
. April 2006 saw the 40th anniversary series, Ultraman Mebius, a rookie who will defeat the emperor of all Ultra Monsters, the Empera Seijin which will create a connection between the Ultra Kyodai. Another hero was also introduced: Ultraman Hikari, formerly known as Hunter Knight Tsurugi. Some series like Tiga, Dyna, Gaia, and Mebius had Gaidens (Side Stories). Tiga, Dyna, and Gaia had only one Gaiden for each but Mebius had 3 Gaidens. First featured during the story of Hikari before and after coming and leaving the earth. The second series featured the story after the final episode of Ultraman Mebius. The third featured about the events that happened before the events of the movie Mega Monster Battle: Ultra Galaxy Legend.
The series has also been in the movie theaters, starting with Ultraman Zearth and Ultraman Zearth 2, Ultraman Tiga: The Final Odyssey, released in 2000, as well as ULTRAMAN, a movie that opened in December 2004. The direct to video (releasing in market than in theaters) market also saw the release of Ultraman Neos in 2000, as well as special features for Ultraman Tiga, Dyna, and Gaia, who have teamed up in theatrical features (Tiga and Dyna once, as well as the three of them all together). The Ultraman Mebius and Ultra Brothers movie opened in September 2006.