Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
History

Creation 
On April 4, 1849, the New York Knickerbockers became the first team to use uniforms. In 1882, different colors that showed the different fielding positions of each player were added on uniforms and stockings (clothing covering the foot and lower part of the leg). In 1888 and 1889, the Detroit Wolverines and Washington Nationals of the National League and the Brooklyn Bridegrooms of the American Association added stripes to their uniforms. By 1900, all players in Major League Baseball teams were using uniforms.

Home and road uniforms
By the end of the 19th century, baseball teams started wearing two different uniforms. They wore one uniform when they played in their own baseball stadium (called "home games", "playing at home") and another when they played at another team's baseball stadium ("away or road games", "playing on the road"). It became normal to wear white at home and either gray, solid dark blue, or black colors on the road. In 1907, the Brooklyn Superbas used a blue pattern for their road uniforms. The New York Giants later used a pattern almost the same as to what the Brooklyn Superbas used on their road uniforms.

In 1916, on the Giants' uniforms, many purple lines gave them a tartan-like color. At this time, another kind of road uniform was a solid dark blue or black material with white. In 1963, Charles O. Finley changed his Kansas City Athletics home and road uniforms. They were changed to the colors of gold and green. In the 1970s, some teams used light blue for their road uniforms.
Pinstripes and numbers 
Pinstriping (long vertical stripes along uniforms) were created in the 19th century. They were first worn on some major league baseball team's uniforms in 1907. The pinstripes were soon widened in 1912, so that people could see them more easily.
Pinstriping was used again when the Brooklyn Bridegrooms started to wear them in 1907, 1916 and 1917. During that time when the striped uniforms were made again, other things for the baseball uniform were added, such as satin. The team that often wore pinstripes was the New York Yankees. They were first used in 1912. But the Yankees' pinstripes (on their home uniforms) have become a symbol of the Yankees. Because of that, books about the Yankees started to be made with pinstriped covers.
Numbers were first added to uniforms by the Cleveland Indians in 1916. In 1929, numbers were first added on the backs of baseball uniforms by the New York Yankees and the Cleveland Indians baseball teams. By the 1930s, it was normal for baseball uniforms to have numbers on them. The Yankees were one of the first baseball teams to wear uniform numbers.  This was because of their normal position in the New York Yankee's batting order (Babe Ruth 3, Lou Gehrig 4, etc.).
Patches 
Shoulder patches on baseball uniforms were worn usually in honor of something. The first patches to be used on major league uniforms were worn by the Chicago White Sox in 1907. The first patch to be worn on all 16 major league uniform sleeves in one year was in 1939. The second time patches were used in all the professional baseball teams, also with the minor leagues, was done in honor of the grand opening of baseball's Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. The third patch to be worn by all teams, was the rectangular Major League Baseball centennial patch in 1969 in honor of 100 years of professional baseball. Many of the ballpark anniversaries have also inspired special patches to those who have recently died have been using  patches rather than the traditional black arm bands (an item a person wears) of earlier decades.

Cap styles
Cap styles 

From the 1840s to the 1870s, baseball players wore many kinds of hats, such as straw hats. Caps, or other kinds of headgear with eye shades that protect a player's eyes from the sun, have been a part of baseball uniforms since they were first created. In 1860, the Brooklyn Excelsiors were the first team to wear what would later become the baseball cap. Before that, teams often wore full-brimmed straw hats or no cap at all since there was no official rule in baseball about whether players had to wear caps or not. By the early 1900s, rounded top parts of a hat became the normal fashion. Other teams would sometimes use the flat-topped cap, such as the Giants in 1916, and the Pittsburgh Pirates in their 1979 World Series championship.  Baseball caps have changed very little in recent decades. Over time, a bigger sun visor (the front of caps) has been made. The reason of the cap stays the same: to protect the player's eyes from the sun.
Shoes 
In the late 19th century, baseball players started to wear the soft but long-lasting leather shoes. Soon, removable spikes were designed and were used many times until 1976, when they were banned from baseball games. Soon after, white shoes, as well as solid reds and blues, became popular. As artificial turf was used more in baseball fields, changes to shoes were needed.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, baseball shoes were mostly colored black. The Kansas City Athletics designed new white shoes in the 1960s.

Stockings
Stockings 

The stocking colors of teams helped viewers tell one team from another.  Stockings in 1900 were made of one long piece of heavy wool. They were full-length (above the knee).  The foot covering part below the ankle bone was colored white or natural wool.  It often created the illusion of stirrups.  In 1868, the Cincinnati Red Stockings started to play in short trousers so their stockings could be seen.  This led to the team's nickname.  Teams started to be called the Chicago White Stockings or the St. Louis Brown Stockings because of what colored stockings they wore at the time. Some teams wore "candy cane" stockings instead of stripes during the 1920s; these included the Giants, St. Louis Cardinals and Washington Senators.
Baseball gloves 

A baseball glove is a leather glove that baseball players wear. They are used to catch a baseball that are hit by a batter or thrown by an outfielder. When baseball gloves were first made, they were not used very much. Many baseball players who first wore baseball gloves or a type of them were often teased and taunted when they were used.
In 1920, Bill Doak, a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals, asked that a web be placed between the first finger and the thumb of the glove for more protection. This was because more baseball players started to have more cuts and bruises because baseballs  were thrown harder. This design was soon added to baseball gloves, and webbed gloves were starting to be used by all baseball players. In the 1940s, gloves would lace the fingers together for more control using the glove. The most recent idea added to baseball gloves was making the pocket of the glove deeper and finally making small baskets in the glove so that pitchers can hide their pitching grip.

Baseball helmets
Baseball helmets 

Baseball helmets are hard hats that baseball batters wear to protect their heads from a baseball being hit or thrown at them. Roger Bresnahan made the first batting helmet after getting hit in the head one game. Then, more players started wearing helmets. Finally, players had to wear them from the 1970s. Usually, the design is like the regular home cap. The same helmets are used on the road even if the soft road cap is different.

Today's uniforms 
Baseball uniforms have changed over time. However, many parts of baseball uniforms from many years ago are still being used today. For example, very few major league baseball players wear matching colored shoes and shoes that are completely black, although they did in the 19th and 20th centuries. Baseball numbers on backs and fronts of uniforms  are still on backs and fronts of baseball uniforms today, and have been since 1932.
Often, a team will have a home uniform, an away uniform, a "Sunday game" uniform, uniforms that are worn only during batting practice, and uniforms worn only on special events. Also recently, throwback uniforms have become more popular. Current Major League Baseball uniforms have to follow rules, such as no advertisements on uniforms and that all players must wear their number on the back of the uniform.

Related pages 
Baseball
Baseball bat
Sportswear

References 

General
Marc Okkonen, Baseball Uniforms of the 20th Century: The Official Major League Baseball Guide, 1991.
Specific

Other websites 

History of the baseball uniform at the Baseball Hall of Fame
ESPN: A pain in the butt(on) – history and potential nuisances of the baseball jersey
Examples of different baseball caps

Uniforms
Sports clothing
Baseball equipment
History of baseball
Coahuila is a state in north Mexico. About 2,500,000 people live there. Its capital is called  Saltillo.
A durian is a big fruit with a strong smell and a hard shell with sharp thorns. Its flavour is loved by some people, especially in Southeast Asia, where people name it "King of Fruits". Many hotels and public transportation systems do not let people carry durians because of the strong smell, which many people find unpleasant.

There are many different kinds of durian that are priced differently due to the people's preferences.

Appearance 
The fruit can grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and usually weighs one to three kg (2 to 7 lb).

Durian is a tropical fruit. It grows only in humid, hot places. The flesh is used for many dishes in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked.

References

Tropical fruit
Malvaceae
National symbols of Indonesia
Getdeb is an Ubuntu software portal with ready-to-install applications in Ubuntu's default .deb package format. Getdeb.net was created by João Pinto to make it easy for Ubuntu users to install the latest versions of Free/Open Source applications quickly and easily.

Related 
 deb (file format)
 SuperDeb

Other websites 
 Getdeb
 Ubuntu Homepage

Linux
The Los Angeles Angels are a Major League Baseball team. They are based in Anaheim, California. They are a member of the West Division of Major League Baseball's American League. The "Angels" name is from the city that they came from: Los Angeles. "Los Angeles" is Spanish for "The Angels". They were previously known as the California Angels, the Anaheim Angels,  and the Los Angles Angels of Anaheim. They have won one World Series championship, which they won in 2002.

The Angels began playing in 1961. They were named for a former minor league baseball team called the Los Angeles Angels. The minor league Angels moved to another city when the Los Angeles Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958.
The Angels' home stadium is called Angel Stadium of Anaheim. It has been their home ballpark since 1966. From 1962 to 1965, they played in Chavez Ravine Stadium. During their first season (1961), they played in Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. That Wrigley Field was built by the same people that owned the much more famous Wrigley Field in Chicago.

Other websites 

Official Website
Los Angeles Angels Baseball-Reference.com
Angels Strike Force 

 
1961 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
deb is the extension of the Debian software package format and the most often used name for such binary packages.

Debian packages are also used in operating systems based on Debian.

Debian packages are standard Unix ar archives that include two gzipped or bzipped tar archives: one that holds the control information and another that contains the data.

The canonical program for handling these packages is dpkg, most commonly via apt/aptitude.

deb packages can be converted into other packages and vice versa using Alien.

Related pages
List of archive formats
Debian
Getdeb
SuperDeb
Debminer
RPM Package Manager
Debian Package Maker
Deb Creator

Other websites 
Debian FAQ: Basics of the Debian package management system
Article on what to do with .deb files
Gdebi

Debian
Deb or DEB may mean:

 deb (file format), a software package format used by the Debian project
 A debutante
 Deborah, a name
 Eugene Debs, a politician
 Nabakrishna Deb, a nobleman
 Dynamic energy budget
 Debrecen International Airport
 The second album by Souad Massi
The Y chromosome is a chromosome that decides the sex in most mammals, including humans. It contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development, so making an animal male or female.

Normal females have two X chromosomes, and normal males have one X and one Y. An egg always carries a single X, while sperms carry either an X or a Y. That is how sex is determined in humans.

Related pages 
Sex determination 
Karyotype
Chromosome
J1 (Y-DNA)

References

Other websites 
 Genetic Genealogy: About the use of mtDNA and Y chromosome analysis in ancestry testing
 Human Genome Project Information — Human Chromosome Y Launchpad
 On Topic  — The Y Chromosome - From the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
 Nature — focus on the Y chomosome
 National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) — Use of Novel Mechanism Preserves Y Chromosome Genes
 Ysearch.org - Public Y-DNA database 
 Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) 

Biological reproduction
Chromosomes
Ćevapčići (plural form of ćevapčić)  or ćevapi () is a skinless meat sausage. They originally were made in the Balkans. it’s from Bosnia and Herzegovina and it can be found in the countries of what was Yugoslavia. The Czech Republic, Bulgaria and the Italian provinces of Trieste and Gorizia. Ćevapčići are served on a plate or in a flatbread (lepinja or somun). Chopped onions, sour cream, kaymak, ajvar, cottage cheese, and similar sauces are often added.
Macedonian ќебапчиња/ḱebapčinja; from Skopje are made of equal parts of beef and pork, minced together, seasoned, grilled and served on a plate with fries and fresh minced onions, accompanied with sour cream and spices. It can also be served in a thin bun called lepinja, similar to the Turkish Pide. The traditional, and preferred, way of grilling ćevapčići is to use glowing coals beneath a grill. The expressions ćevapčići or Kebapi are both common in parts of North Macedonia, whereas in Skopje, the capital, from where ćevapčići spread all over the world, ćevapčići is the only traditional expression.  Although ćevapčići is a formal diminutive, ćevapčići from Leskovac are longer (10–12 cm) than Bosnian ćevapi (5–8 cm). The Leskovac recipe was the one that became popular in Belgrade during the 19th century and then spread all over Yugoslavia, Europe and United States.
Bosnian ćevapi from the Baščaršija district of Sarajevo and Banja Luka is probably the most famous ćevapi. Travnik and Tuzla are known for their ćevapi made of beef stewed with spices. This dish is very popular in some parts of what was formerly Yugoslavia as well. The stew is poured on lepinja or somun flatbread with a few chunks of. Banja Luka is known for ćevapi which are multiple rolls (usually four) joined together. Bosnian ćevapi are made from two types of minced beef meat, hand mixed and formed with a funnel. Once they are formed, ćevapi are grilled. 
Bulgarian ḱebapi (ќебапи) are made of both pork and beef.  A serving usually consists of 5-10 pieces, served with white bread, minced red pepper, salt and onions.

In Romania, the ćevapčići are called mititei.

In Czech Republic/Slovakia čevapčiči is generally served with mustard, raw onions and potatoes.
Etymology
The word comes from the Arabic , sometimes with the South Slavic diminutive ending -čići (, ćevapčići/ćevapi; , ḱebapi; , Croatian, Bosnian: ; ). For more on the word's history, see the etymology section of kebab.

References

Other websites
An essay on ćevapi in BH Dani  (in Bosnian)
Branislav Nušić (1864-1938) on ćevapčići-culture in Belgrade and former Yugoslavia  
Recipe for ćevapi 

Albanian food
Bosnia and Herzegovina culture
Croatian food
Kosovo
Montenegro
Macedonian culture
Serbian food
Slovenian culture
Meat dishes
Louise Farrenc (born Paris, 31 May 1804;  died 15 September 1875) was a French composer, virtuoso pianist and teacher.  She was very well-known during her lifetime, but her best compositions are not very well known.  This is because the way to become a famous composer in France in the 19th century was by writing operas, but Farrenc never wrote operas.  Her best compositions are chamber music.
Life 
Her name when she was born was Jeanne-Louise Dumont.  Her father was a successful sculptor.  She was very young when she started to learn the piano.  Her teacher had been a pupil of Muzio Clementi.  Soon she was having piano lessons with famous teachers such as Ignaz Moscheles and Johann Nepomuk Hummel.  She loved composing, so her parents let her study composition with Anton Reicha at the Paris Conservatoire.  At that time women were not allowed to go to composition classes at the Conservatoire, so she probably had her lessons privately.  She met a flautist (flute player) called Aristide Farrenc. He was ten years older than she was.  They often performed together and they married in 1821. She stopped her studies and travelled with her husband around France giving concerts.  He soon grew tired of the concert life and decided to open a publishing house in Paris, which was called Éditions Farrenc. It became one of France’s most important music publishers for nearly 40 years.
Farrenc returned to her studies with Reicha.  Then she started giving many concerts and became famous.  She was so successful that in 1842 she was made Professor of Piano at the Paris Conservatoire.  She stayed in that job for 30 years.  Although it was a very good job she was paid less than the male teachers.  When her nonet was performed it made her famous.  Joseph Joachim was one of the performers.  After this success she was paid the same salary as the male professors.  Several other chamber works were very successful, but after her death people forgot about them.

Music 

At first, during the 1820s and 1830s, she just wrote for piano. Several music critics, including Schumann, thought they were very good. In the 1830s, she wrote chamber music and orchestral music. Her chamber music includes most of her best compositions.

1804 births
1875 deaths
Romantic composers
19th-century French composers
French pianists
Musicians from Paris
Musicologists
64 Studio is a free Linux distribution based on Debian made for creative users on x86-64 and legacy 32-bit hardware architectures.  It is made to serve as an all-in-one solution for audio and video recording, editing, and other forms of media production.

Since 64 Studio is distributed with a free software license, anyone with a 64-bit computer can install it on their computer (in place of or alongside the well-known Windows operating system). An alternative installer is available for systems with 32-bit processors.

Differences with Debian 
The major differences between this distribution and basic Debian is a custom kernel with realtime patches applied, some pre-configuration and a custom package selection designed to meet the needs of creative desktop users. Other packages may also be modified to some extent, as are the basic GNOME desktop themes.
Releases 
The project released the first beta of 64 Studio, version 0.9.0 code-named 'Toe Rag', on the August 1, 2006. The release was named in honour of the all-analogue Toe Rag Studios in London, England.

After eighteen months of development, the project made its first stable release available for free download on 2006-11-29. It is named Olympic in recognition of the work of Glyn Johns and Eddie Kramer at
Olympic Studios in London.

The second stable release, version 2.0 codename 'Electric', was announced on 27th July 2007. This latest release is named after Electrical Audio, the studio founded by sound engineer Steve Albini in Chicago, USA.

Related pages
 Ubuntu Studio - a multimedia production-oriented distribution based on Ubuntu
 List of Linux distributions
 GNU/Linux
 Debian
 Ubuntu

References

Other websites 
Official website
64 studio summary
X86-64 Linux distributions
Free software
Debian-based Linux distributions
LAA may mean:
Laa, a town in Austria
Lebanese American Association
Department of Labrador and Aboriginal Affairs
Other groups, including the Library Association of Alberta, and the Livestock Auctioneers Association
The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim or the Los Angeles Angels
 LAA, Logistics Association of Australia, The Association of Logistics and Supply Chain Professionals.
 The ICAO airline designator for Libyan Airlines, Libya
 Los Angeles Airways
 The FAA location identifier and IATA airport code for Lamar Municipal Airport in Lamar, Colorado.
AbulÉdu is a French Linux distribution made for classrooms. It is based on Debian and it includes the Linux Terminal Server Project and a large number of educational applications.

Related pages
 GNU/Linux
 Debian
List of Linux distributions

Other websites 
 Official site (in French)

Linux distributions
Debian-based Linux distributions
Utah State University (USU) is a public university in Logan, Utah, United States. The university was started in 1888.

Other websites 

Utah State University website
Athletics website

Colleges and universities in Utah
Mountain West Conference
1888 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Utah
The British Medical Journal (BMJ) is a popular peer-reviewed general medical journal. It is published by the BMJ Publishing Group in London. There is an online version.

Related pages 
The Lancet

Other websites 
BMJ Online

British weekly magazines
Medical journals
Daily News and Analysis (DNA) is an English language newspaper published from Mumbai. It was launched on July 30, 2005. DNA is Mumbai's fastest growing newspaper. The newspaper has a liberal outlook.

Other websites 
 Official Website

DNA
2005 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in India
Baltix GNU/Linux is a Linux distribution aimed to be a complete, user-friendly operating system for Lithuanian and Latvian people, based on Debian and Ubuntu. Supported languages include Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, Russian, English, Norwegian and others near and around the Baltic region. The main language is Lithuanian.

It uses the GNOME desktop environment and is distributed as an installable Live CD.

The first public versions of Baltix GNU/Linux were released in 2003 and were based on Knoppix Live CD and Debian software packages, and later, on the Ubuntu operating system.

Additional software 
Baltix has software packages not present in Ubuntu:
Educational software for kids and adults, including GCompris, TuxPaint, Atomix, etc.
 Interesting and funny games, including Pingus, Chess, PlanetPenguin Racer
 Vector graphic, CAD and diagram drawing software, including Inkscape, QCAD and Dia
 Support for most video and audio formats, including DVD, DivX, AVI, MPEG, Xvid, Theora, Ogg Vorbis, MP3
 Lightweight Desktop Environment - LXDE + PCManFM (older versions had IceWM as lightweight Window Manager)
 Possibility to run lots of software, compiled for MS Windows OS (through Wine compatibility layer)
 Clipart, CAD and office documents templates
 Lots of other packages, which are useful for Lithuanians and other Baltic people, including 
 universal dictionary software OpenDict
 various spelling and hyphenation dictionaries, etc.

Baltix can run directly from its live-usb, without installation to a computer's permanent storage (hard disk, solid state drive, etc.), but also can be installed into a computer's Linux or Windows partition(s).
Baltix Goals 
 Easy and right away ready for majority of Lithuanian, Latvian and Russian home/office users (no need to install additional software for multimedia support or office work, e.g. spelling dictionaries or templates)
 Possibility to run software, compiled for most popular operating systems, like Windows
 Possibility to work comfortably on older computers (starting from 64 MB RAM and 200 MHz CPU), little resources consuming desktop environment is included (currently LXDE)
 Comfortable for computer manufacturers (Baltix 0.8.x, 1.x and 20.04) has a noninteractive automatic installation (autoinstall) feature - OS can be installed into computer in about 10 minutes without user intervention.

Related pages
 GNU/Linux
 Debian
List of Linux distributions

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Developers project

Linux distributions
Debian-based Linux distributions
Baltic states
Latvia
Lithuania
The Times of India is an English language newspaper published in India. On November 3, 1838 the newspaper was founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, and, in 1861, it was renamed The Times of India. The newspaper has a conservative outlook.

With about 2.6 million copies sold each weekday, The Times of India is the bestselling newspaper in the world. The second bestselling newspaper in the world, USA Today, sells about 2.25 million copies each weekday.

References

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Times of India epaper 

English-language newspapers published in India
Hindustan Times is an English language newspaper published in India. It has simultaneous editions from New Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi and Kolkata. The newspaper has a centrist outlook.

References

Other websites
Official Website
Download epaper Hindustan Times 

Hindustan Times
The Statesman is an English language newspaper published in India. It is published simultaneously from Kolkata, New Delhi, Siliguri and Bhubaneshwar.

Other websites
Official Website

English-language newspapers published in India
A Live CD, Live DVD, or Live Distro is a special way of creating a computer operating system so that it is able to run without installing anything on the computer first. This special operating system is used when the computer is booting up, and runs all its programs off the object it is put on. The name of the operating system usually has something to do with the object, such as "Live CD" for CDs, "Live DVD" for DVDs, or "Live USB" for USB flash drives.

"Distro" is short for Distribution, and is used because different types of Linux operating systems are called Linux Distributions, and Linux Distros were the first operating systems to be made into Live CDs. A "Live Distro" is used to refer to all different kinds of these special operating systems, instead of just the ones on a certain object.

The word "live" is used to describe the special way that the operating system is set up so that it can run on a computer without needing to install anything first.
History 
The first Linux-based Live CD was Yggdrasil Linux (it stopped being made in 1995), but it did not work well because back then CD drives could not read CDs fast enough. in 2003, a Live CD based on Debian called Knoppix was released. Many people liked to use Knoppix, both as an operating system, and as a way of fixing a computer. Many more people have started using Live CDs since then, because of programs like Linux Live scripts and remastersys which make it very easy to make your own personalized Live CD.

Uses 
Some Live Distros are made to demonstrate how an operating system would work on a computer, without making you install it first.

Other Live Distros come with a variety of software which help fix different problems that can happen with a computer, such as if they get a computer virus, or if a person forgets their password.

People also create Live Distros to demonstrate new ways of making operating systems, or proving that an operating system can run on a new type of computer.
Screenshots 
Here are some images/screenshots of live CDs:

Related pages
 remastersys, a simple tool to create a customized ubuntu Live CD/DVD
 List of Linux distributions

Other websites 
 FreeBSD LiveCD 
 Linux Live scripts
 Build your own Custom Live CD 
 Bootable CDROM HowTo
 LiveDistro.org: Extensive build/remaster howtos, tools and release announcements.
 Guide: Howto remaster a sidux live CD
 The Live CD List links & information on over 300 Live CDs
 Long list of LiveCDs at the Knoppix Wiki
 The magic of live CDs  Article published on Free Software Magazine about LiveDistros
 Live CD News
 Live CD Build Scripts 
 Pondering Live CDs - A BSD perspective on the concept of Live CDs 
 Darknet 10 Best Security Live CD Distros for pen-test, forensics, and recovery
The Deccan Herald is an English language newspaper published in Karnataka. The newspaper started in 1948.

Other websites
Official Website

Deccan Herald
1948 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in India
Philips Sport Vereniging (English: Philips Sports Union), widely known either as PSV or PSV Eindhoven, is a sports club from Eindhoven, Netherlands. It is best known for its professional football (soccer) section.

Honours

National
Eredivisie: 24
 Winners: 1928–29, 1934–35, 1950–51, 1962–63, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1996–97, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18
KNVB Cup: 11
 Winners: 1949–50, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1995–96, 2004–05, 2011–12, 2021/22, 2022/23
Johan Cruyff Shield: 11
 Winners: 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2015, 2016 (Record)

International
European Cup / UEFA Champions League: 1
 Winners: 1987–88
UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: 1
 Winners: 1977–78

Current players

First-team squad

Players out on loan

League position

Former position

References
References

1910s establishments in the Netherlands
1913 establishments in Europe
Dutch football clubs
Eindhoven
BeatrIX is a GNU/Linux,live CD-based Linux distribution started by Steven Watsky, it was designed to look very simple, in order to be as easy to use as possible to new users. A new BeatrIX desktop has just four icons (e-mail, instant messaging, word processing and web browser). Hence, anyone who has some computer experience will be able to use BeatrIX.

BeatrIX is a small operating system, taking up only 200MB. The liveCD fits into 80 mm discs that can store up to 184 MB of data.

BeatrIX uses Linux 2.6.7 and GNOME 2.8 as its GUI desktop. It has productivity tools such as OpenOffice.org 1.1.2, Mozilla Firefox (version 1.0) web browser, Gaim (version 1.0), etc.

BeatrIX has been discontinued since 2005 due to Steven Watsky's lapse in health. Another distro called BeaFanatIX is using the code of BeatrIX and continuing development.

Related pages
 GNU/Linux
List of Linux distributions

Other websites 
Softpedia BeatrIX Linux
BeaFanatIX home page 
Download BeatriX
Linux distributions
Debian-based Linux distributions
DeMuDi (Debian Multimedia Distribution) was a Linux distribution based on Debian with improvements for music, sound and video production. 

DeMuDi was developed by the AGNULA Project, a European Union funded project to improve access to multimedia software, and was also known as A/DeMuDi, with A standing for Agnula.

When funding stopped volunteers continued to work on the project for a short time, but now it is part of the Debian Multimedia Project.

Related pages
 Debian
 Ubuntu Studio

Other websites 
 DeMuDi website
 Debian Multimedia Project

Free software
Linux distributions
Debian-based Linux distributions
Dreamlinux was a Linux distribution, a collection of computer programs that is designed for the use of the Linux operating system on a computer.  The Dreamlinux distribution was made in Brazil, and is based on Debian, another commonly-used Linux distribution.  Dreamlinux can be used in Portuguese.

Methods of booting

There are several ways to use Dreamlinux to run the Linux operating system on a computer.
 Using a compact disc called a live CD, the computer user can start up (or boot) the operating system straight from the disc without installing anything on the computer.
 The user can boot Dreamlinux in the same way from an external flash drive containing the programs, connected to the computer through a USB port.
 The user can install the programs in Dreamlinux on a computer's internal hard drive and run them from there.
Graphical User Interface
Most operating systems have a graphical user interface, or GUI, which allows the user to interact with the programs using a graphical display.  The GUI which Dreamlinux uses looks similar to the one used by Apple's Mac OS X operating system, with a toolbar in the center.  The user can also download the "Engage" theme, which gives the toolbar some animated aspects.

Related pages
List of Linux distributions
 Xfce

Other websites 
 Official Dreamlinux site 
 Official English forum

Debian-based Linux distributions
The Cluniac (Clunian) Reform was a series of changes within medieval monasticism. The reforms focused on restoring the traditional life in the monasteries. Monasteries should encourage the production of artworks. They should also care for the poor. 

The reform is named after the Abbey of Cluny in Burgundy. It started in the Benedictine order there. The reform was largely carried out by Saint Odo. It spread through France (Burgundy, Provence, Auvergne, Poitou), England and much of Italy and Spain.
The reform was stated, because there was corruption in the Benedictine order. People thought this corruption came because people that were not priests and that came from outside the monasteries interfered with them. A Benetictine monastery needed land. This land was given by a Feudal lord. By giving the land, the lord would become the patron of the monastery.  However, he would often demand the right to interfere in the business of the monastery. The Cluny reform was an attempt to change this practice. A more independent abbot would have better success at enforcing the Rule of the order, it was thought.  William of Aquitaine formed the first Cluny monastery in 910 with the novel stipulation that the monastery would report directly to the pope rather than to a local lord. This meant essentially that the monastery would be independent, since the pope's authority was largely theoretical at that distance.
During its height (about 950–c.1130) the Cluniac movement was one of the largest religious forces in Europe. Among the most notable reform supporters were Pope Urban II, Lambert of Hersfeld and Abbot Richard of Saint Vannes at Verdun. The Cluniacs were supporters of the  Peace of God concept, as well as pilgrimages to the Holy Lands.
Notes

References 
Southern, R.W., Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages, London: Penguin Books, 1970.

Roman Catholicism
Middle Ages
Elive is a Linux distribution based on Debian 10 Buster both for legacy (old) and new hardware. Elive uses the desktop environment Enlightenment. Elive is a Linux Distribution with a Live CD and Persistent USB Image that allows the user to try Elive before installing it on the system and not lose any work.

History 
Elive was born in Belgium prior to 2005 as a private experiment by its founder to customize a Knoppix Live CD running the Enlightenment and with the designs based in the Evil Entity distro, it was called Tezcatlipotix, since the result was better than expected the desire to create a public version started.

Two months later the first public version with the name of Elive appeared publicly, appearing directly in Slashdot.
Description 
Elive has access to online repositories of Debian (Buster for beta, Wheezy for old stable) and uses its own repositories with more than 2500 packages that includes own specific software for Elive, extra software, or packages that replaces the default ones provided by Debian, improving the overall system and integrity. Elive comes with a complete set of included software to fit any needs for example free programs as: LibreOffice, Chromium, Firefox, Thunderbird, VLC media player, GIMP, Inkscape, Blender, Skype, Virtual box, Shotwell,...
Elive old stable has 3D effects without need of an accelerated graphic card (though is suggested), thanks tot he integration between E17 and Compiz (Ecomorph). The Beta version supports the newest linux kernel and is available both for i686 and amd64 architectures, though it drops the support to E17 (not compatible with the latest Debian Stable release) in favor of E16, which, despite being older, is way more stable and well supported by modern distributions. It is fairly easy to upgrade to E23, which is considered the future Desktop Environment of this OS.

Releases 
At the moment 3 supported releases are available:
(old) stable, the version 3.0.3, which is based on Debian Wheezy and E17. It works with anything from i586 (Pentium) architecture and above. Despite the old software and repositories, this version is still widely used and appreciated due to the incredible 3d graphical effects that make using it a joy and a graphics experience.
 Beta, which is divided into a 32 and a 64 bit release. The 64 bit release brings all the perks of a 64 bits build, among theme better modern hardware support and better software experience (like Steam working perfectly). Apart from this, there is essentially no difference apart the ram consumption. The beta version uses the latest Linux Kernel and is based upon Debian 10 Buster. E17 is too old now so E16 is the new default environment. The basic configuration includes Cairo Dock and conky, plus a compositor allowing transparency.

All the old releases are available on the official website and shared through Torrent.
System requirements 
The "minimum hardware requirements" for running Elive (32 bit) are:

300 MHz CPU (Pentium Pro and above, due to the limit of I686 architecture)
256 MB of RAM
At least 5 GB of disk space (for full installation and swap space)
VGA graphics card capable of 640x480 resolution
CD-ROM drive

The "minimum recommended hardware requirements" are:

1000 MHz (Athlon 1100 like)
512 Mb of RAM
At least 10 GB of disk space (for full installation and swap space)
VGA graphics card capable of hardware acceleration 
CD-ROM drive
The basic setup to get a daily usable device could be a Pentium 4 HT (or equivalent), 2gb ram, 30gb 7200 rpm sata hard disk and a graphic acceleration capable graphics card; the previous recommended requirements would still give a snappy  system, but they would not meet modern web browsing requirements (so the experience with Firefox or Chromium may not be the best), which is out of the os control: for that reason Elive also ships some low resources browsers like Netsurf and Links2, though they are unable to visualize every website correctly.

References

Related pages
 List of Linux distributions
Enlightenment (window manager)

Other websites 
 Elive home page
 Linux Magazine article on Elive 
 DistroWatch.com Feature
 Softpedia.com Review
 Distrocenter.linux.com Review
 Tuxmachines.org Review

Linux distributions
Live CD
Debian-based Linux distributions
Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends (otherwise referred to as Thomas & Friends, Thomas the Tank Engine or Thomas for short) is a British children's television series. It was first broadcast on CITV in September 1984. It is based on The Railway Series books by the Rev. W. Awdry and his son, Christopher. The main character is Thomas the Tank Engine, a tank engine that is painted blue. The show takes place on the made-up island of Sodor. There are some route systems there. One of them is a standard-gauge heritage railway run by Sir Topham Hatt known as the North Western Railway. Thomas runs on that route system.

Characters 
The show is mainly about the locomotives, other engines, humans and other animals who populate the fictional Island of Sodor. Since 2004, the show has had eight main characters:
 Thomas the Tank Engine
 Edward the Blue Engine
 Henry the Green Engine
 Gordon the Big Engine
 James the Red Engine
 Percy the Small Engine
 Toby the Tram Engine
 Emily the Stirling Engine
History
The first attempt to adapt Awdry's stories for television came in 1953, when the editor of the Railway Series books, Eric Marriott, was approached by the BBC, who wished to use live-action model trains to re-create two stories from Awdry's first book, The Three Railway Engines. 00 gauge Hornby Dublo models appeared on sets that reflected the style of the original illustrations. The first episode (based on "The Sad Story of Henry") was broadcast live on the evening of Sunday 14 June 1953 from Lime Grove Studios. The live broadcast did not fare well: a failure to switch the points caused the model of Henry to derail and it had to be replaced on the rails by one of the operators. The models moved jerkily, and all effects and music had to be superimposed.
News of the broadcast hit the front pages of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail. Awdry branded the episode "unprofessional", and the point-switching debacle an "elementary mistake". As a result, the second episode scheduled for 28 June 1953 was put on hold, and then later cancelled. The BBC offered Awdry and the Railway Series publishers greater creative control over the production, but the publishers declined, preferring to focus on publishing new books for the series.

Nearly twenty years later, the BBC featured Awdry's stories in the television story-telling show Jackanory. Fourteen years before Thomas and Friends was aired, Ted Ray (sitting in a stationmaster's office) read five Railway Series books in episodes that aired between 20 September to 2 October 1970.

Cast

Voices
Cast

Voices

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Former voices
|-
! Actor
! Region
! Role(s)
|-
| Martin Sherman
| US
| Thomas (Hero of the Rails - Series 18), Percy (Hero of the Rails - Series 18), Diesel (King of the Railway - Series 18), and some children (Toby and Bash)
|-
| rowspan="3"| Ben Small
| UK
| Thomas (Hero of the Rails - Series 18), Toby (Hero of the Rails - Series 18), and Ferdinand (Misty Island Rescue - Series 16)
|-
| US
| Stanley (Series 15 - 18) and Charlie (Series 16 - 18)
|-
| UK/US
| Rheneas (Blue Mountain Mystery - Series 18), Flynn (Series 17, only), Troublesome Trucks (Series 16 - 18) and Owen (Blue Mountain Mystery - Series 18)
|-
| Michael Brandon
| US
| Diesel (Series 13 - Blue Mountain Mystery), Mr. Bubbles (Series 13 - 15), and The Knapford Stationmaster (Series 13 only)
|-
| rowspan="2"| Rupert Degas| UK
| Butch (Series 15 only)
|-
| UK/US
| Diesel 10 (Misty Island Rescue; original cut only), Dart (Series 15 - 16), Flynn (Series 15 - 16), and Bertie (Series 15 - 16)
|}
Narrators
 George Carlin (US Series 1–4) (1984–1994)
 Alec Baldwin (US Series 5–6) (1998–2002)
 Michael Brandon''' (US Series 7) (2003)

References

Other websites 
 
 

1980s British television series
1980s animated television series
1980s British television series debuts
1984 television series debuts
1990s British television series
1990s television series debuts
2000s British television series
2000s television series debuts
2010s British television series
2010s television series debuts
Cartoon Network series
Channel 5 (UK) television programmes
Internet memes
Television series about friendship
Thomas and Friends
English-language television programs
Feather Linux, created by Robert Sullivan, is a Knoppix-based Linux distribution which  fits in under 128 MB (while older versions were made to fit within 64 MB). It boots from either a CD or a USB Flash Drive, into a Fluxbox desktop environment. It has a wide range of desktop and rescue software, and can load entirely into RAM  or be installed to a hard drive. Feather Linux contains many GTK+ applications, such as AbiWord and Pidgin. Feather linux has tried to include software that people would frequently be using on their desktop.

With its most recent release being on 2005-07-04, Feather Linux is now not under development. This distribution is partly inspired by Damn Small Linux.

Related pages
Damn Small Linux
List of Linux distributions

References

Other websites 
Official website

Knoppix
Linux distributions
Debian-based Linux distributions
Trutnov is a city in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic.

Trutnov
Hradec Králové Region
Rose window is a word used to describe a round window design, which  is similar to the many petals of a rose. Most often the term is used to describe the round windows of some churches, especially those built in Gothic style.

Windows (architecture)
Ageing or aging is the many changes that happen in an individual over time. In living things, ageing includes most physical and psychological changes which happen after adulthood.

Senescence is the biological process which leads to ageing. There have been many attempts to answer the question: why do animals (especially humans) age?

In one way, ageing begins at birth, because cell division and growth is fastest then, and gradually slows down as time goes on.
However, later in life, inherited defects would have little or no effect on the population as a whole. In fact, during life our cells collect damage to their DNA which is random, but causes us to become gradually less fit as we age. And we have some cell types which never, or rarely, divide during adult life. Muscle cells and most neurons never divide in adult life. Obviously, they collect damage, and not just to the DNA. Also, we inherit various genetic conditions which have effect later in life, like Huntington's chorea. The twin effects of delayed heredity and buildup of damage is what makes us age. Protists do not age: they divide, and the next generation is just as good as the last. Why do even our dividing cells collect damage? The answer to that question is not known, but may be connected to a a cell division phenomenon.

An article 
Ageing is not a popular topic in general publication. One recent work is worth noting. It goes over the ground well.
Related pages
Apoptosis
Gerontology
Hayflick limit
Death
Old age
Supercentenarian

References 

Biology
Gerontology
Physical attractiveness means the different characteristics of someone's physical appearance that different people consider to be beautiful in other humans. Physical attractiveness can also include sexual attractiveness, ideas about beauty, proportions, muscular development, and appearance. 

Physical attractiveness means different things to different people and to different human cultures. There is no single definition of physical attractiveness.

In men, physical attractiveness may include slim waist and height. Female physical attractiveness might include youth, waist-hip ratio, mid upper arm circumference, body mass proportion and facial symmetry.

References 

Fitness
Human sexuality
A souvenir (from French, for memory), memento or keepsake is an object a traveler brings home for the memories created during a trip. It can be a postcard, statue, magnet or little things that represent the place. Often bought as a gift for family or friends to share the memory with them.

Online gift shops
Online gift shops are websites that sell products online that will be given to other people.

Related pages 
Retail
Online shopping

Tourism
A committee or jury used to decide some matter, such as in a court
Control panel (engineering), a flat area with controls and indicators. Commonly found in aircraft but may be on the operation of any machinery
Panel painting, in art, either one element of a multi-element piece of art, such as a triptych, a piece of sequential art such as a graphic novel or comic strip, or a wooden panel used to paint a picture on
breaker panel, a flat area with electrical circuit breakers
panel data, a longitudinal statistical study in which one group of individuals are interviewed at intervals over a given period of time
Panel (comics), a single image in a comic book, comic strip or cartoon; also, a comic strip containing one such image
A flat or sculptured area that is part of a larger structure such as a piece of furniture or one element of a multi-panel screen.
Panel (computer software), a widget or a control panel
Panel Switch, a type of electromechanical telephone switching system made by the Bell System in the 1920s
Structural insulated panel, a building system for construction
The Panel, an Australian talk show
The Panel (Ireland), an Irish talk show
A committee in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong that does specific areas, known elsewhere as select committee or standing committee
Jammu is a city in Jammu and Kashmir.  It is on the banks of the Tawi River which is a tributary of the Chenab River. The Dogri language is spoken here among Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. Jammu is called ‘city of temples’ because the Hindu temples are in huge numbers there. They also have numerous mosques such as the central Jamia Masjid.

There is an archeological site called Manda in Jammu.

References

Other websites

Cities in Jammu and Kashmir
Capital cities in India
St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna is also called Stephansdom

St. Stephan's Cathedral  is a baroque Cathedral. It was finished in 1688 in Passau, Germany.  It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Passau and the main church of his diocese.

Religious buildings and structures in Bavaria
Cathedrals in Germany
Roman Catholic cathedrals
17th-century buildings and structures‎