Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
His first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Robert Falcon Scott's Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, from which he was sent home early on health grounds. Determined to do better, he returned to Antarctica in 1907 as leader of the Nimrod Expedition.  In January 1909, he and three companions made a southern march. They went to the farthest South latitude anyone had reached, at 88° 23' S, 97 geographical miles (112 statute miles, 180 km) from the South Pole. This was by far the closest to the pole in exploration history up to that time. For this achievement, Shackleton was knighted by Edward VII on his return home.
Antarctica 
Shackleton first went to the Antarctic on Captain Robert Scott's 1901-1904 expedition but he was sent home as he was ill. In 1907, he went back to the Antarctic and in January 1909 was part of a group who walked further south than anyone had ever been before, travelling to within 190 kilometres of the South Pole.
In 1912 the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen became the leader of the first group to reach the South Pole. Shackleton decided on a new target, he wanted to walk across Antarctica from one side to the other crossing the South Pole in the middle.
Disaster struck when his ship, Endurance, was trapped in the ice. They spent 281 days on board waiting for the ice to break again, but the boat was slowly crushed to pieces. Shackleton and his men dragged their lifeboats over many miles of snow and ice to reach sea. They set sail in the lifeboats and eventually reached Elephant Island. In April 1916, Shackleton and four others sailed hundreds of miles to South Georgia to get help at the whaling station there. This was a journey of 1300 kilometres and took 16 days. Unfortunately the boat he was in landed on the wrong side of the island and they had to climb over the mountainous middle section to reach the whaling station. A rescue party saved everyone from Elephant Island in August 1916.
In 1921, Shackleton returned to the Antarctic, intending to carry out a programme of scientific activities. Before the expedition could begin this work, Shackleton died of a heart attack on 5 January 1922 while his ship, Quest, was moored in South Georgia. At his wife's request, he was buried there.

References 

Explorers of Antarctica
British explorers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
1872 births
1922 deaths
Knights Bachelor
Lavaux was a district of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The capital was Cully. As of 2006 it is part of the Lavaux-Oron District.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Chexbres
 Cully
 Epesses
 Forel
 Grandvaux
 Lutry
 Puidoux
 Riex
 Rivaz
 Saint-Saphorin
 Savigny
 Treytorrens
 Villette

Other websites 
  Pictures of Lavaux
  Lavaux, pays aux trois soleils

Former districts of Vaud
Morges is a district of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The capital is the city of Morges. The population (as of December 2015) is 80,095.

These are the municipalities in Morges:

Geography 
The area of the district is 372.99 square kilometers (144.01 sq mi). Of this area, 205.69 km2 (79.42 sq mi) or 55.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 126.4 km2 (48.8 sq mi) or 33.9% is forested.The remaining area, 38.25 km2 (14.77 sq mi) or 10.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and 2.66 km2 (1.03 sq mi) or 0.7% is unproductive land.

References 

Morges (district)
Anzonico is a former municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012 the former municipalities of Anzonico, Calpiogna, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco merged to form the municipality of Faido.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Aquila is a former municipality of the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 22 October 2006 the former municipalities of Aquila, Campo (Blenio), Ghirone, Olivone and Torre merged into the new municipality of Blenio.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities of Ticino
2006 disestablishments in Switzerland
Aranno is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in southern Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Aranno profile on the Cantonal Administration site 

Municipalities in Lugano
Basadingen-Schlattingen is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

Official website of Basadingen-Schlattingen

Municipalities in Frauenfeld
Berg is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Weinfelden
Berlingen is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in  Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Frauenfeld
Philophrosyne is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2003. It was called  until 2019. 

Philophrosyne is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,721,000 km in 699.676 days, at an inclination of 142° to the ecliptic (142° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.0932.

It is the farthest member of the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150°.

References

Jupiter's moons
Jupiter LV, also called , is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers led by Brett J. Gladman in 2003.

Jupiter LV is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 19,813,000 km in 569.728 days, at an inclination of 147° to the ecliptic (149° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.1570.

It belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150°.

References

Jupiter's moons
Stanisław Mateusz Ignacy Wyspiański (January 15, 1869, Kraków – November 28, 1907, Kraków) was a Polish writer, painter, and architect.

1869 births
1907 deaths
Writers from Kraków
Polish architects
Polish painters
[[File:Eustrept1DB1.jpg|thumb|Eustreptospondylus feeding on a ichthyosaur]]
Eustreptospondylus (meaning "well-reversed vertebrae") was a megalosaurid tetanuran theropod (a large, bipedal meat-eater) about 23-30 ft (7-9 m) long, weighing about 440-550 pounds (200 kg to 250 kg). This predator had a large head, long, sharp serrated teeth, short arms and a primitive hip structure. It lived during the mid-Jurassic period, about 165 million years ago. Incomplete fossils have been found in England. Eustreptospondylus was named by Richard Owen in 1841. The type species is E. oxoniensis'', which was named by C. A. Walker in 1964.

Megalosauridae
is a moon of Jupiter. A team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard et al. found it in 2004 in pictures taken in 2003.

 is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,740,000 km in 700.538 days, at an inclination of 149° to the ecliptic (149° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.3931.

It belongs to the Pasiphaë group, non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22,800,000 and 24,100,000 km, and with inclinations ranging between 144.5° and 158.3°.

References 

Jupiter's moons
Megaraptor was a large 26 feet (8 m) long late Cretaceous dinosaur. It had two large sickle-like claws on each hand. It was a lightly built biped, with a large head and sharp, serrated teeth in powerful jaws.

The first fossil of Megaraptor to be discovered was one of its claws. As they strongly resembled the claws seen in Dromeosaurs, it was thought that Megaraptor was a large member of that family. Later, a complete hand was discovered, revealing the main claw was on its thumb.

It is now classified either as a allosauroid carnosaur, related to Neovenator, or right over on the other side of the Theropoda as a tyrannosauroid coelurosaur.

References 

Carnosaurs
(385571) Otrera (also ) is a Neptune Trojan discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and Chadwick A. Trujillo in 2004. Only five others are known: , , 385695 Clete,  and . They have the same orbital period as Neptune and orbit at the L4 Lagrangian point about 60 degrees ahead of Neptune.

Trojan asteroids
Neptune
(also written as 2005 TN53) is a possible Neptune Trojan discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and Chadwick A. Trujillo in 2005. Only five others are known: , 385571 Otrera, 385695 Clete,  and . They have the same orbital period as Neptune and orbit at the L4 Lagrangian point about 60 degrees ahead of Neptune.

Trojan asteroids
Neptune
385695 Clete (also written as (385695) 2005 TO74) is a possible Neptune Trojan discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and Chadwick A. Trujillo in 2005. Only five others are known: , 385571 OItrera, ,  and . They have the same orbital period as Neptune and orbit at the L4 Lagrangian point about 60 degrees ahead of Neptune.

Trojan asteroids
Neptune
(also written as 2006 RJ103) is a Neptune Trojan discovered by the SDSS Collaboration in 2006. Only four others are known: , 385571 Oterea,  and 385695 Clete. They have the same orbital period as Neptune and orbit at the L4 Lagrangian point about 60 degrees ahead of Neptune.

References

Trojan asteroids
Neptune
is a Neptune Trojan discovered in September 2007. Only five others are known: , , ,  and . They have the same orbital period as Neptune and orbit at the L4 Lagrangian point about 60 degrees ahead of Neptune.

References

Other websites 
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris

Trojan asteroids
Neptune
A radiogenic nuclide is a nuclide that is made by radioactive decay.

Nuclear physics
The tropopause is a boundary region in Earth's atmosphere between the troposphere and the stratosphere. Here the air ceases to cool at -56.5°C (-70°F), and the air becomes almost completely dry.

Most commercial aircraft are flown in the tropopause. To put it into even simpler words, the tropopause is the interferance between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

Layers of Earth's atmosphere
Do not confuse with gravitational wave.
In fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves generated in a fluid medium or at the interface between two mediums (e.g. the atmosphere or ocean) which has the restoring force of gravity or buoyancy.

Other websites
 Gallery of cloud gravity waves over Iowa
 Time-lapse video of gravity waves over Iowa
 Water Waves Wiki 

Fluid mechanics
Atmosphere
An accretion disk (or disc) is an astronomical term. It describes a disc of material being drawn in by gravity to a centre of mass, such as a star or black hole. As the material comes in, it spins round the central body and radiates energy.

The central body is typically either a young star, a protostar, a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole. As the material moves in, gravitational energy released in that process is transformed into heat and rotational movement. 

The energy emitted at the disk surface is in form of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency range of that radiation depends on the central object. Accretion discs of young stars and protostars radiate in the infrared, those around neutron stars and black  holes in the X-ray part of the spectrum.

Other websites
 Professor John F. Hawley homepage 
 Nonradiative Black Hole Accretion 
 Accretion Discs on Scholarpedia
 Magnetic fields snare black holes' food - New Scientist

Astrophysics
-
Black holes
Victoria Caroline Beckham (born 17 April 1974) is an English singer, songwriter, fashion designer and businesswoman. She was a member of a pop group called the Spice Girls. Her nickname in the group was Posh Spice. She is the wife of football player David Beckham.

Birth 
Victoria was born at Princess Alexandra Hospital in Harlow, Essex, She was eldest child of Antony Adams and Jacqueline Cannon.

Career 
Victoria Adams was a member of the popular girl group Spice Girls. While in the group, her nickname was Posh Spice.

She had a short solo career after leaving the Spice Girls in 2001, unlike her fellow members, she didn't have a solo No.1. She stopped her music career and became a fashion designer and started clothes and perfume businesses with her husband.

Marriage to David Beckham 
She has married David Beckham in July 1999. The couple have four children, three sons and their youngest child is a daughter.
Brooklyn Joseph (born March 1999) 
 Romeo James (born September 2002) 
 Cruz David (born February 2005)
 Harper Seven (born July 2011).

She reunited with the Spice Girls for a world tour in 2007.

Filmography

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

References

English R&B singers
English pop musicians
English dance musicians
English singers
Musicians from Hertfordshire
Spice Girls
1974 births
Living people
Spice was the first album by the Spice Girls. It was released in the United Kingdom in 1996, and in the United States in 1997. It was the most successful album by a girl group ever. It sold 23 million copies around the world.

There were five songs that were very successful from this album. The most successful was "Wannabe", which went to No. 1 on many music charts around the world.

1996 albums
Spice Girls
A head tie is a  women’s head scarf which is used a lot in west and southern Africa, and among American Descendants of Slavery (ADOS). 

The purpose of the head tie worn by enslaved African women was to protect their hair as they labored (or did heavy work). 

The head tie worn by West African women has been worn since the 1960s. 

The name of the head tie varies according to region and historical context. These names have included: tignon (United States), dhuku (Zimbabwe), tukwi (Botswana) and doek (South Africa and Namibia).

Related pages
Head scarf
Hijab

References 

Headgear
Dupatta (, ) is a long scarf that is an important part of many South Asian women's suits. Some "dupatta suits" include the salwar kameez, the trouser suit, and the kurta. The dupatta is also worn over the Hindu outfit of lehenga or ghaghra- choli. The dupatta has long been a symbol of modesty in South Asian dress. It is traditionally worn across both shoulders. However, the dupatta can also be worn like a cape around the entire torso. The material for the dupatta varies according to the suit: cotton, georgette, silk, chiffon, and more. The other names for dupatta are chunri and chunni (sometimes shortened to 'unni' by many Gujaratis).

There are various modes of wearing the unsewn dupatta. When not draped over the head in the traditional style, it is usually worn with the middle portion of the dupatta resting on the chest like a garland with both ends thrown over each respective shoulder. When the dupatta resting is worn along with the salwar-kameez it is casually allowed to flow down the front and back.
The use of the dupatta has definitely undergone a metamorphosis over time. In current fashions, the dupatta is frequently draped over one shoulder, and even over just the arms. Another recent trend is the short dupatta often seen with kurtas and Indo-Western clothing. Essentially, the dupatta is often treated as an accessory in current urban fashion. Nevertheless, the dupatta remains an integral part of Indian clothing and Pakistani clothing. Its nowadays a blend of fashion with the tradionalism.

Other websites
 Article about Dupatta at indiaprofile.com

Headgear
Charles XII (Swedish: Karl XII) was the king of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He was born on June 27, 1682.

During his time as a king, he tried to expand Sweden's empire. He took part in the Nordic War (1700-1721), in which his enemies were Denmark, Poland and Russia. England and the Netherlands supported him and his armies won over the Danes during a sea battle.He also beat Peter I Russian Tsar. 

After these successes, he attacked Poland, where during this time Augustus II the Strong was the king. This war was closed by the peace of Altranstadt. 

Charles attacked Russia again in 1707 with the Ukrainian leader, hetman Mazeppa. After more than a 1000 km walk in 1709, the Swedish king suffered a defeat from the Tsar. Charles had to flee to Turkey. He could only return to Sweden in 1714. He tried to compensate for the lost territories by a war against Norway. During the battle he was shot in the head and died in 1718. The wars of Charles XII made Sweden weaker.

References
References 

1682 births
1718 deaths
Kings and Queens of Sweden
is a deity of kami who was a child of the seven divine generations in Japanese mythology and Shintoism, and is also referred to in the roughly translated Kojiki as "male who invites", or Izanagi-no-mikoto.

He and his wife Izanami created many islands, deities, and forefathers of Japan. When Izanami died while giving birth to a child, Izanagi tried (but failed) to retrieve her from Yomi (the underworld). In the cleansing rite after his return, he created Amaterasu (the sun goddess) from his left eye, Tsukuyomi (the moon god) from his right eye, and Susanoo (tempest or storm god) from his nose.
When Izanagi looks at his wife in Yomi, he sees her monstrous and hellish state and she is ashamed and angry. She chases him in order to kill him. She fails, but promises to kill a thousand of his people every day. Izanagi says that he will create a thousand and five hundred every day.

Gods and goddesses of Japan
Creation myths
Amatsukami
is a moon of Jupiter, and is one of the smallest known. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003.

 is about 1 kilometre in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 17,740,000 km in 482.691 days, at an inclination of 143° to the ecliptic (143° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.4449.

It is the closest of the farther non-spherical retrograde moons of Jupiter, and does not seem to belong to any group.

References 

Jupiter's moons
Early years 
Kurt Weill grew up in a religious Jewish family. During his teens he started to get experience working in a theatre in Dessau, where he learned a lot from the theatre conductor Albert Bing. When he was 20 he went to study at the Berlin Musikhochschule where he studied with the composer Humperdinck. He did not like it there, and soon started a three-year period studying with the composer Busoni. Busoni was a good teacher for him and encouraged him to study counterpoint carefully in order to be a good composer. Then he introduced Weill to the music publishers Universal, who published all his music for the next ten years.
German career 
In 1924, Busoni died. Weill started to work with the playwright Georg Kaiser who wrote plays in an Expressionistic style. Together they wrote an opera Der Protagonist (1926) which made Weill famous. The next year he worked with Bertolt Brecht. Together they wrote five songs which soon developed in a "Songspiel" under the title Mahagonny. Between 1927 and 1929, Brecht and Weill wrote a new piece, an opera called Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny (Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny), in which five songs from the "Songspiel" were used again.

In 1924, he met the singer and actress Lotte Lenya. He married her in 1926, divorced her in 1933 and married her again in 1937.
In 1928, he wrote the music for a play by Brecht which was to become world-famous. It was called Dreigroschenoper (The Threepenny Opera). It was based on an opera called The Beggar's Opera which had been written in 1728 by John Gay. The Threepenny Opera includes a song which became Weill's most famous song, "Mack the Knife". Weill stopped working with Brecht in 1930 because they had political disagreements. Brecht was becoming more and more interested in Communism, but Weill did not want to be a “Communist composer”.

In Berlin, Weill taught composition to several young composers. He also gave many radio broadcasts. By 1929, he was well-known enough as a composer to make his living just from his compositions.
Exile 
Weill had to flee from Nazi Germany in March 1933. As a famous and popular Jewish composer, he was a target of the Nazi authorities, who criticized and even interfered with performances of his later stage works, such as Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny, Die Bürgschaft (1932), and Der Silbersee (1933). He went first to Paris, where he started a work with Jean Cocteau but it was not finished. He wrote one more work with Brecht: the ballet The Seven Deadly Sins. In 1934, he completed his Symphony No.2, his last purely orchestral work, conducted in Amsterdam and New York by Bruno Walter.

American years 
In 1935, Weill went to America with his wife Lotte Lenya. The rest of his life he spent writing for the American stage. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1943. He thought most of his compositions in Germany had been destroyed by the Nazis. He never spoke German again except when writing to his parents who had escaped to Israel.
Weill changed his musical style. He wrote in a popular way, working with writers such as Ira Gershwin. He wrote an opera Street Scene for which he won an award. He took part in political movements, encouraging America to join in the war.

Weill died of a heart illness in New York City in 1950.

1900 births
1950 deaths
20th-century American composers
20th-century German composers
Jewish American musicians
Jewish German musicians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Saxony-Anhalt
Refugees from Nazism
Dia (S/2000 J 11) ls the second-outermost prograde non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2000.

Dia is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 12,555,000 km in 287 days, at an inclination of 28° (to Jupiter's equator), and with an orbital eccentricity of 0.248.

The moon is included in the Himalia group. After discovery it was lost for ten years because the orbit was poorly known. Recovery allowed much better precision.

References 

 Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES
 Mean orbital parameters NASA JPL

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages
 Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
Sinope is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914, and is named after Sinope of Greek mythology.

Sinope did not get its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as . It was sometimes called "Hades" between 1955 and 1975.

Sinope was the farthest known moon of Jupiter until the discovery of Megaclite in 2000.  The farthest moon of Jupiter now known is .

Orbit 

Sinope orbits Jupiter on a high eccentricity and high inclination retrograde orbit. The orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are changing a lot due to Solar and planetary perturbations. It is often believed to belong to the Pasiphaë group. However, given its mean inclination and different colour, Sinope could be also an independent object, captured independently, unrelated to the collision and break-up at the origin of the group. The diagram illustrates Sinope's orbital elements in relation to other moons of the group.
Physical characteristics 
Sinope has an estimated diameter of 38 km (assuming an albedo of 0.04) The moon is red unlike Pasiphae which is grey.

Its infrared spectrum is similar to D-type asteroids also  different from Pasiphae. These dissimilarities of the physical parameters suggest a different origin from the core members of the group.

References

Other websites 
Sinope Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
David Jewitt pages
Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
A French press (also called press pot, coffee press, coffee plunger or cafetière) is a special machine used to make coffee. It is easy to operate. The coffee it can make is stronger than that produced by other means.

A French press has a round jug. This jug can be glass or clear plastic. The jug has a lid and a "plunger". The plunger fits in the jug very well. It usually has some kind of steel or plastic wire, that acts as a filter. Coffee is brewed by placing the coffee and water together, leaving to brew for a few minutes, then pushing the plunger down. This puts the coffee at the bottom of the jug.
The French press has different names around the world.  In Australia, South Africa and Ireland it is known as a coffee plunger and coffee brewed in it is known as plunger coffee.  Its French name is cafetière à piston. Sometimes it is also called a melior (from an old brand of makers of coffee pots of this type) or a Bodum (another brand).  In the UK the device is known as a cafetière (the French word for "coffee pot").

Because the coffee grounds are in direct contact with the brewing water, coffee brewed with the French press gets more of the coffee's flavour and essential oils. These usually are trapped in a traditional drip brew machine's paper filters.  French pressed coffee is often stronger and thicker than drip-brewed one. It also has more sediment.  Because the grounds remain in the drink after brewing, French pressed coffee should be served quickly. Over time, the drink will develop a bitter taste. This is because the grounds still act on the water.
Coffee for use in a French press should be ground coarsely.  The use of a burr mill grinder gives a better grind than the whirling blade variety.  The ground coffee should be more coarse than that used for a drip brew coffee filter, and far coarser than that used for espresso. Anything other than a coarse grind will go through the press filter and into the coffee.  A French press can also be used instead of a tea infuser to brew loose tea.

The French press is also more portable than other coffee makers.  Special versions for travellers also exist. They are made of tough plastic instead of glass. They also have a sealed lid with a closable drinking hole.  Some versions are marketed to hikers and backpackers. These people often do not want to carry a heavy metal percolator or a filter using drip brew.
Despite the name, the French press is not noticeably more popular in France than in other countries. In most French households, coffee is  prepared by drip brewing, with an electric coffeemaker and paper filters. In bars and restaurants, an espresso machine is used.

Some studies have found that drinking large amounts of coffee made by the French press method increases LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels, while drinking filtered or drip coffee does not.  The French press method allows certain Diterpenes, such as Cafestol and Kahweol, to remain in the coffee while other brewing methods either remove or limit these chemicals.

References

Other websites 
French Press Coffee How To Guide  A step by step guide about how to make French Press Coffee
History of the French press 
CoffeeGeek: How to use a Press Pot

Kitchenware
Ananke is a retrograde non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1951 and is named after the mythological Ananke, the mother of Adrastea by Jupiter. The adjectival form of the name is Anankean.

Ananke did not get its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as . It was sometimes called "Adrastea" between 1955 and 1975. Note that Adrastea is now the name of another moon of Jupiter.

Ananke gives its name to the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150°.

Orbit
Orbit

Ananke orbits Jupiter on a high eccentricity and high inclination retrograde orbit. Eight non-spherical moons found since 2000 follow similar orbits. The orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are changing a lot due to Solar and planetary perturbations. The diagram illustrates Ananke's orbit in relation to other retrograde non-spherical moons of Jupiter. The eccentricity of selected orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre). The farthest spherical moon Callisto is located for reference.

Given these orbital elements and the physical characteristics known so far,  Ananke is thought to be the biggest remnant of an original break-up forming the Ananke group.

Physical characteristics
In the visible spectrum, Ananke appears grey to light-red.

The infrared spectrum is similar to P-type asteroids but with a possible indication of water.

References

<li value="11"> Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES
Other websites
Ananke Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
David Jewitt pages
Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
Grind might mean:

The grind of a blade is the cross-section of the blade
To finely grate something, like coffee beans
In skateboarding,  a grind is a trick on a skateboard
grinding your teeth together
Camptosaurus (meaning "bent lizard") was a plant-eater from the Upper Jurassic (about 156 to 145 million years ago). It is related to Iguanodon. 

It was a heavy ornithischian dinosaur that was about 16-23 feet (5-7 m) long and 3-4 feet (1 m) high at the hips, weighing roughly 2,200 pounds (1000 kg). It had a long snout, hundreds of teeth and a horny beak. Its legs were longer than its arms; it had four-toed feet and five-fingered arms, all with hooves. It could walk on two or four legs, it probably went on all four to graze for low-lying plants.

Ornithopods
Jurassic dinosaurs
Carme is a retrograde non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in  California in July 1938. It is named after the mythological Carme, mother by Zeus of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.

Carme did not get its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as . It was sometimes called "Pan" between 1955 and 1975. Note that Pan is now the name of a moon of Saturn.

It gives its name to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°. Its orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are changing a lot due to Solar and planetary perturbations.

References

Other websites 
 Carme Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
 David Jewitt pages
 Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
Leda or , is a moon of Jupiter. Unlike many moons, it is not a sphere. Charles T. Kowal found it working at the Mount Palomar Observatory on September 14, 1974. He took photographs for three nights September 11 through 13. Leda is in all of the photographs. The moon'S name come from Leda in Greek mythology. She was one of Zeus's lovers. Zeus is the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Zeus came to Leda in the shape of a swan. Kowal suggested the name and the IAU supported it in 1975.

Leda belongs to the Himalia group. They are five moons orbiting between 11,000,000 and 13,000,000 km from Jupiter at an inclination of about 27.5°. The orbital elements given here are as of January 2000, but they are changing a lot because gravity effects from the sun and planets.

References

Other websites
Leda Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
David Jewitt pages
Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
Lysithea ( ,  ; ) is a prograde non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by Seth Barnes Nicholson in 1938 at Mount Wilson Observatory and is named after the mythological Lysithea, daughter of Oceanus and one of Zeus' lovers.

Lysithea did not get its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as . It was sometimes called "Demeter" from 1955 to 1975.

It belongs to the Himalia group, five moons orbiting between 11,000,000 and 13,000,000 km from Jupiter at an inclination of about 28.3°. Its orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are changing a lot due to Solar and planetary perturbations.

References

Other websites
Lysithea Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
David Jewitt pages
Scott Sheppard pages

Jupiter's moons
The Rust Belt is a term that refers to an area of the northern United States. The area is mostly the states near the Great Lakes, and some of them are considered to be Midwest states. This area was once known for steel production and heavy industry. That industry has greatly decreased since the middle of the 20th century. As the name might imply, the area has sort of turned to "rust", like what happens to old steel. Much of this decrease in industry is because of the United States using manufacturers from other countries. It became an Industrial hub because of its proximity to The Great Lakes, canals, and rivers which companies used to access raw materials and ship out products.  

Most Rust Belt cities, for example, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Youngstown, Ohio, have had a very large decrease in their population since the 1950s and 1960s. 

Some "Rust Belt" cities include:
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Erie, Pennsylvania
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Youngstown, Ohio
Canton, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Steubenville, Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
Gary, Indiana
Flint, Michigan
McKeesport, Pennsylvania
Wheeling, West Virginia
Detroit, Michigan
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Buffalo, New York
Rock Island, Illinois
Niagara Falls, New York
Rochester, New York
Grand Rapids, Michigan
South Bend, Indiana
Chicago, Illinois
Charleston, West Virginia
St. Louis, Missouri
Camden, New Jersey
Trenton, New Jersey
Lansing, Michigan
Newark, New Jersey
Jersey City, New Jersey
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Springfield, Illinois
Watertown, New York
Akron, Ohio
Warren, Ohio
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Anderson, Indiana

Regions of the United States
Economic geography
The Pax Romana was a period when there was a lot of peace in the Roman Empire. "Pax" means "peace" in the Latin language; "Romana" means "Roman" in Latin.  So, "Pax Romana" means "Roman peace."

the Pax Romana lasted from 27 BC until 180 AD.  It started when Augustus was Emperor (ruler) of the Roman Empire. The Pax Romana is called a good time period because: 
There were not many wars. 
There was a lot of trade. ("Trade" means the buying and selling of goods.  Goods are things that can be bought or sold.)

The Emperors of the Pax Romana were:
 Augustus: (27 BC  14 AD) Augustus was the first leader, He was the adopted son and great nephew of Julius Caesar.
Nerva: (96–98 AD) Nerva changed land laws to help the poor and changed tax rules.
Trajan: Trajan built many new public works projects such as bath-houses and roads. The empire grew to its biggest size while Trajan was leader.
Hadrian: Hadrian built Hadrian's Wall in Britain (at the time called Britannia). He also made Roman laws easier to understand.
Antoninus Pius: Antonius promoted art and science. He also built new public works, and passed laws to help orphans.
 

The Pax Romana, which in Latin means Roman Peace, was a period from about 2000 to about 1800 years ago when the Roman Empire had reached the height of its size and had few military conflicts.  The Pax Romana was not always totally peaceful, as a transition within government could lead to chaos, but is remembered as a golden age for Rome where the empire grew wealthy and no threats challenged Roman dominance in Europe, northern Africa, or the Middle East. During this time period, they grew tremendously in architecture, science, mathematics,
The UH-1 Iroquois (although known mainly as the Huey) was a helicopter made by Bell Helicopters. It first flew in 1956 and was introduced in 1959. It was known for being in the Vietnam War. It could be used for transporting soldiers, cargo, support, helping lost soldiers or pilots, or attacking enemies. One version, the UH-1V was made just for helping hurt people getting to hospitals. Some Hueys were given to civilians to for business travel, forest fire fighters, and police stations.. Now, the UH-60 Black Hawk is mainly used, but the Huey is still in service with countries.

Related pages 

 Bell AH-1 Cobra

References 

Helicopters
Vietnam War aircraft
UH-1
A terabyte (TB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. One terabyte holds 1000 gigabytes (GB) or a trillion (1,000,000,000,000) bytes, and 1000 terabytes make one petabyte.  

Large organizations use terabytes of storage to hold massive amounts of data. People at home might use terabytes for backups.  An external hard drive can be several terabytes.

Related pages 

 Tebibyte

References 

Units of information
Meteora is the second studio album by Linkin Park. Linkin Park is an American rock band. The band released the album on March 25, 2003. Over 5.5 million copies of the album have been sold in the United States. Over 15 million copies of it have been sold overall. The band recorded the album for almost a year.

Meteora was number one on the Billboard 200. The album had many singles. The RIAA gave the album a platinum certification. In 2023, Linkin Park released a new version of Meteora. They did this for the album's 20th anniversary.

List of songs
"Foreword"
"Don't Stay"
"Somewhere I Belong"
"Lying from You"
"Hit the Floor"
"Easier to Run"
"Faint"
"Figure.09"
"Breaking the Habit"
"From the Inside"
"Nobody's Listening"
"Session"
"Numb"

References 

2003 albums
Linkin Park albums
Nu metal albums
"Say My Name" is a number-one single by American R&B group Destiny's Child for the Columbia Records label, released in early 2000. The single was the third of four singles from the group's 1999 album The Writing's On The Wall, and the most successful of the four. It is considered to be one of their signature songs. It won a Grammy and an MTV Video Music Award.

Formats and remixes
Several remixes of "Say My Name" were issued alongside the original version. The two most notable alternate versions are a remix by Timbaland, which features different vocals and a guest appearance from Static of Playa; and the "Nitro Remix" (featuring Nitro and Chief, with production by Mista Maze), which uses the original vocals over a bass music-styled backing track.
"Say My Name" (Acapella)
 "Say My Name" (Daddy D Remix)
 "Say My Name" (Digital Black & Groove Club Mix)
 "Say My Name" (Dreem Teem Club Mix)
 "Say My Name" (Instrumental)
 "Say My Name" (Jazzy Bass Remix)
 "Say My Name" (Maurice's Bass 2000 Mix)
 "Say My Name" (Maurice's Millenium Mix)
 "Say My Name" (Maurice's Old Skool Dub Mix)
 "Say My Name" (Nitro Remix) (feat Nitro & Chief of Mob Playas)
 "Say My Name" (Radio Edit)
 "Say My Name" (Noodles Mix)
 "Say My Name" (Remix) (feat Kobe Bryant)
 "Say My Name" (Sidney's 2step RMX)
 "Say My Name" (Storm Mix By Tariq)
 "Say My Name" (Timbaland Remix) (feat Static)

Chart performances 

2000 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Destiny's Child songs
A right of veto means that somebody can stop decisions or legislation.  

For example, the President of the United States has veto power over the USA's Congress.  This can stop legislation from being passed.  If the President vetoes a bill passed by the Congress, it only becomes a law if Congress passes it again, this time with at least twice as many members of each of the two houses voting for it than voting against it.

Similarly, the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, China, Russia and France) each has veto power.  Using this, they can stop the Security Council's decisions from being passed and becoming resolutions unless they all agree to them.  These vetoes cannot be overturned by any more voting on that resolution; if there is a need to address the same issue again in the future, a new and separate resolution must be written, passed, and not vetoed.
The veto was invented in ancient times for the Roman tribunes so they could protect the people from bad laws made by the Roman Senate.

Related pages 
 Line-item veto

Other websites 
 Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview (report) by Kevin R. Kosar
 Senate Reference Webpage on Vetoes, which includes lists of vetoes from 1789 to the current day.

Government
Bettwiesen is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in northeast Switzerland, near Germany.

References 

Municipalities in Münchwilen
Bichelsee-Balterswil is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It was made from the union on January 1, 1996 of Bichelsee and Balterswil. The lake Bichelsee is in the municipality.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Münchwilen
Birwinken is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Weinfelden
Bottighofen is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Bottighofen is on Lake Constance.

References

Other websites
http://www.svb-bottighofen.ch/images/hafen.jpg 
http://www.bottighofen.ch
http://www.bottighofen.ch.vu/ 

Municipalities in Kreuzlingen
Braunau is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Münchwilen
Bürglen is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Images

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Weinfelden
Elbridge Thomas Gerry (July 17, 1744 – November 23, 1814) was an American politician from Massachusetts. As a Democratic-Republican he was elected the fifth vice president of the United States, serving under James Madison, from March 4, 1813, until his death a year and a half later.

Gerry was a member of the Continental Congress and was a signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation.

He was a delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787 but did not sign it.

Gerry was elected to the House of Representatives and served there from 1789 to 1793.

Gerry was elected Governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and served for two years. While serving as governor, Gerry supported a plan that would re-create voting districts in Massachusetts to give more power to the political party that he belonged to. The word gerrymander used today when a party tries to create more favourable voting districts was named for Elbridge Gerry.
Gerry was Vice President under James Madison and died in office on November 23, 1814.

1744 births
1814 deaths
Signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
Governors of Massachusetts
19th-century American politicians
18th-century American politicians
Bussnang is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Weinfelden
Piltdown Man (Eoanthropus dawsoni) was once thought to be a "missing link" between man and ape. The first Piltdown fragments were discovered in 1912. Thereafter, over 500 scientific essays were written on the Piltdown Man in a 40-year period. The discovery was proven to be a deliberate hoax in 1953.
Piltdown Man consisted of two human skulls, an orangutan jaw, an elephant molar, a hippopotamus tooth, and a canine tooth from a chimpanzee. Sir Kenneth Oakley has determined the human skulls to be approximately 620 years old. They may have belonged to Ona Indians from Patagonia, as the skulls were unusually thick. Thick skulls are a common trait among Ona Indians. The orangutan jaw is around 500 years old, perhaps from Sarawak. The elephant molar is thought to be from Tunisia. The hippopotamus tooth is thought to have come from Malta or perhaps Sicily. The canine tooth belonged to a Pleistocene Chimpanzee. The Piltdown remains were purposefully scattered around a quarry in Piltdown, England, so that they could be "discovered" later as evidence for evolution and the development of man from ape. The skulls had been treated with acid. All of the fossil remains were stained with an iron sulfate solution. The canine tooth was painted brown and patched with bubble gum. The molars were filed down
. The portion of the orangutan jaw that connected the jaw to its skull was carefully broken so as not to show evidence that this jaw did not belong to a human skull.
The perpetrators 
The Piltdown Man hoax is thought to have been perpetrated by Charles Dawson, an archaeologist, geologist and fossil collector for the British Museum. However, no one is quite certain who was involved. There are a number of other suspects, including Sir Arthur Smith Woodward, Keeper of the British Museum's Natural History department, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a paleontologist and Jesuit theologian.

References 
 The Times, November 21, 1953; November 23, 1953
 The hoax exposed: The Piltdown Forgery by Joseph Weiner 1954
 The case against Smith: The Piltdown Man by Ronald Millar 1972
 The Dawson evidence: Unraveling Piltdown by John Evangelist Walsh 1996

Fossils
Hominins
Hoaxes
Dozwil is a municipality of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Arbon
Egnach is a municipality of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

It is on Lake Constance.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Arbon
Erlen is a municipality of the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Weinfelden
Ermatingen is a municipality in Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Kreuzlingen
Eschenz is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in  Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Frauenfeld
Eschlikon is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Münchwilen
Felben-Wellhausen is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities in Frauenfeld
Fischingen is a municipality of the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Münchwilen
Gachnang is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities in Frauenfeld
Gottlieben is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Kreuzlingen
Güttingen is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities in Kreuzlingen
TNT(reformed as PostNL just in this year) is a delivery company that delivers packages either world-wide or within a country by couriers. The company picks up parcels from the sender and then delivers them to the addressee. TNT Airways, based in Liège Airport, is the airline of TNT, using more than 40 planes to reach 70 destinations in Europe every night.

Company overview 
TNT N.V., through its two divisions, Express and Mail, is part of the global transportation and distribution industry, and dedicated to providing delivery solutions to its customers. TNT serves more than 200 countries and employs around 160,000 people.

Over 2009, TNT reported €10.4 billion in revenues, an operating income of €648 million and cash from operating activities of €1 billion. TNT N.V. is listed and traded on Euronext Amsterdam by NYSE Euronext (ticker "TNT").
TNT has a history spanning more than 250 years. Its Dutch roots can be traced back to 1752. But it wasn’t until 1946 that the company known as TNT was born, on the other side of the world, in Australia. In the 60 years since then, TNT has grown into a global enterprise, even operating its own aircraft. Much of this growth has come from take-overs and acquisitions. In 1996, TNT was acquired by the Dutch company KPN (formerly PTT Post).

System 
All packages are delivered to a local warehouse. A courier collects the packages from the warehouse and delivers them to the address on the package. Couriers will also collect packages from a certain area and take them to the warehouse where they can be sorted and sent to the warehouse nearest the receiver’s address.
In the United Kingdom, couriers are often part-time workers, delivering packages using their own cars. They collect and deliver packages to any house in a certain postcode area. This way, the TNT company can be sure of delivering to any house in the area.

Other websites 

 

1996 establishments in Europe
Companies of the Netherlands
1990s establishments in the Netherlands
Postal services
The letters TNT can mean many things:
 TNT, the explosive substance, is trinitrotoluene
 TNT (band), a hard rock band
 TNT (couriers), a delivery company
 Tuesday Night Titans, a 1980s-era World Wrestling Federation TV show (1984-1986)
 TNT (channel), an American cable television channel