Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Old age 

Around 1892, Renoir developed rheumatoid arthritis. In 1907, he moved to the warmer climate of "Les Collettes," a farm at Cagnes-sur-Mer, close to the Mediterranean coast. Renoir painted during the last twenty years of his life, even when arthritis severely limited his movement, and he was wheelchair-bound. He developed progressive deformities in his hands and ankylosis of his right shoulder, requiring him to adapt his painting technique. It has often been reported that in the advanced stages of his arthritis, he painted by having a brush strapped to his paralyzed fingers, but this is erroneous; Renoir remained able to grasp a brush, although he required an assistant to place it in his hand. The wrapping of his hands with bandages, apparent in late photographs of the artist, served to prevent skin irritation.
During this period, he created sculptures by cooperating with a young artist, Richard Guino, who worked the clay. Renoir also used a moving canvas, or picture roll, to help him paint large works.

In 1919, Renoir visited the Louvre to see his paintings hanging with the old masters. He died in the village of Cagnes-sur-Mer, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, on 3 December.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of French painters

References 

1841 births
1919 deaths
French painters
People from Limoges
Impressionist painters
Jean-Antoine Watteau (10 October 1684 – 18 July 1721) was a French painter. His brief career spurred the revival of interest in colour and movement in the tradition of Correggio and Rubens. It brought back the almost forgotten Baroque idiom, which, in time became known as Rococo. He invented the genre of fêtes galantes: scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm, with an air of theatricality. Some of his best known subjects were drawn from the world of Italian comedy and ballet.

Gallery

Other websites 

Watteau paintings at the Web Gallery of Art

1684 births
1721 deaths
French painters
Soggy biscuit (also called “limp biscuit”, “landscapers lunch”, “crispy cookie”, “ookie cookie”, “jizzcuit” or “jogo do pão”) is a male masturbation game played mostly by teenage groups in which the participants stand around a biscuit masturbating until ejaculating onto it; the last person to do so must eat the biscuit.

Although the way it is spelled may differ slightly, the notability of the game is shown by the variations of it being referred to in popular culture, examples including Stephen Fry's The Liar, the German movie Crazy, the 2006 film Sleeping Dogs Lie, the "Chains" episode of Blackadder II, the "Freaks & Greeks" episode of Drawn Together (2004-2006), the "Sleepover" episode of Big Mouth, Limp Bizkit, and Skinless's song "Scum Cookie".

References 

Games
Sexual acts‎
In North Carolina, the storm surge from Isabel washed away part of Hatteras Island. This area of washed away land was sometimes known as Isabel Inlet. Damage was highest along the Outer Banks, where thousands of homes were damaged or destroyed. The worst effects happened in Virginia, especially in the Hampton Roads area and on the shores of the James River. Virginia had the most deaths and damage from the hurricane. About 64% of the total damage and 68% of the total deaths from the storm happened in North Carolina and Virginia.

There was moderate to severe damage up the Atlantic coastline and as far west as West Virginia. About six million lost power in the eastern United States. Rain fell from South Carolina to Maine, and westward to Michigan. In total, damage is estimated at $3.6 billion (2003 USD, $4.1 billion 2008 USD). 16 deaths in seven states are blamed directly on the hurricane. 35 more deaths in six states and one province were not directly related to the hurricane.
2003 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
Hurricanes in North Carolina
2000s in the Bahamas
2000s in North Carolina
2000s in Virginia
2000s in Maryland
2000s in South Carolina
History of West Virginia
21st century in Delaware
2000s in New Jersey
2000s in New York (state)
2000s in Pennsylvania
2000s in Ohio
2000s in Washington, D.C.
2003 in Canada
2003 in the United States
Hurricanes in Virginia
In contrast to the Neoclassical perfectionism of his chief rival Ingres, Delacroix took for his inspiration the art of Rubens and painters of the Venetian Renaissance, with an attendant emphasis on color and movement rather than clarity of outline and carefully modeled form. Dramatic and romantic content characterized the central themes of his maturity, and led him not to the classical models of Greek and Roman art, but to travel in North Africa, in search of the exotic. Friend and spiritual heir to Théodore Géricault, Delacroix was also inspired by Byron, with whom he shared a strong identification with the "forces of the sublime", of nature in often violent action.

However, Delacroix was given neither to sentimentality nor bombast, and his Romanticism was that of an individualist. In the words of Baudelaire, "Delacroix was passionately in love with passion, but coldly determined to express passion as clearly as possible."
Delacroix was a member of the Club des Hashischins, or Hashish Club. This group of French writers experimented with hashish to get ideas.

References 

1798 births
1863 deaths
French painters
People from Val-de-Marne
Jean Louis Marie Eugène Durieu (1800; Nîmes, France – 1874; Paris, France) was an early French photographer of nudes, known for making studies for Eugène Delacroix.  Some of Durieu's nudes were used by Delacroix to creating his own paintings and drawings.

References

 Coke, Van Deren. "Two Delacroix Drawings Made from Photographs". Art Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3. (Spring, 1962), pp. 172–174. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/774417>.
 

1800 births
1874 deaths
French photographers
People from Nîmes
Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that build molecules from smaller units. Enzymes take little molecules and stick them together to make bigger molecules. Some of these enzymes are anabolic steroids.

Related pages
Metabolism
Catabolism

References 

Metabolism
Biochemistry
A period (US) or full stop (UK) is a punctuation mark (.) at the end of a sentence. It shows that the sentence has finished. To be a sentence it must have at least one complete clause, with a verb and a subject.

When it is used in numbers, it is called a decimal point. It shows that the numbers to the right of it are less than one, as in 1.234. When it is used to write money in numbers, it shows that the numbers to the right of it are less than one pound/dollar/euro. For example:

 "Elizabeth bought a soda for $1.28 cents."

means that Elizabeth paid one dollar and twenty-eight cents for her drink.
A point may be used after a word has been shortened: Pty. Ltd. The words doctor, mister, and mistress are often made shorter when used with a name. "Dr. Smith" is the name of a doctor whose last name is Smith, and "Mr." Banerjee is short for Mister Banerjee. "Mrs" means a wife, "Miss" is an unmarried female. "Ms" can be used for either. A point is also used after a first or middle initial, but does not follow the last name, for example, "J. Citizen".

When three periods are used together (...), they are called an ellipsis.

Related pages 
Punctuation

References 

Typography
Punctuation
Mathematical notation
The hyphen  is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. A hyphen looks like this: -. Hyphens have many uses in writing.

Son-in-law is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign. The hyphen is the shortest of these signs.
Some words can have a hyphen added to change the meaning. For example, re-form means "start again" but reform means "change". A re-formed group is different from a reformed group.
 A hyphen is used to spell out some numbers (thirty-two, forty-nine, eighty-six).
 When a name for a material such as "stainless steel" is used with a word for a thing made of that material, a hyphen may be used, as in "stainless-steel knife".
 Some words have letters at the beginning, or prefixes, these can sometimes use hyphens: un-American, anti-pollution, non-proliferation
 When spelling out a word: H-Y-P-H-E-N
 In some cases, when putting two words together would be hard to understand. For example, if something is like a shell, writing it as "shelllike" is hard to read with so many uses of the letter 'l'. It is better to use "shell-like."
 When writing words that someone has spoken when that person has difficulty speaking, as in: "I reached for the w-w-w-watering can." This is called a stammer.
When adding words that already have a hyphen. For example: two to year-old as in: "He was a two- or three-year-old dog."
 If a word for a person (a name or proper noun) is used with another name, a hyphen is used, such as "the Merriam-Webster dictionary" or "the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact."
 Some people take a name from the family names of both parents, or from the last name of their father and husband. For example: "John Rees-Williams". This is not always the case, for example: "Hillary Rodham Clinton".
 A hyphen is also used when a word is too long to fit in one row of writing. This is often done in books, magazines and newspapers to save space and paper. A long word is broken into two parts, of nearly the same length, with a hyphen at the end of the first part. The normal way is to make the first part of the word as much of a complete word as possible. For example:
Related pages
 Punctuation

References

Punctuation
The hyphen-minus, -, is a symbol used as a hyphen ‐, a minus sign −, or a dash –.

References 

Punctuation
S.H.E is a Taiwanese girl group with three people: Selina Ren, Hebe Tien, and Ella Chen. The group's name comes from the first letter of each person's name. A record label called HIM International Music created S.H.E after they organized a singing competition in 2000. 

At first, there was supposed to be only one winner; that person was Selina Ren. But then the record label thought that the other two girls, Hebe Tien and Ella Chen, were good singers too, so they put the three girls together. Since the release of Girls Dorm, S.H.E's first album, in 2001, the group has released a total of 11 albums, and sold over 4.5 million copies. However, some people do not like S.H.E because they often sing songs that other people had sung before. In addition to music, the trio has acted in many TV dramas, and sang many theme songs for them. Because of S.H.E's success, some Taiwanese companies are now trying to create girl groups of their own.

Other websites

Taiwanese musical groups
Girl groups
Pop music groups
In electronics, a multiplexer or mux (occasionally the term mul-dex is also found, for a combination multiplexer-demultiplexer) is a device that selects one of many analog or digital input signals and outputs it into a single output line. This process is termed: multiplexing.

An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one expensive device or other resource, for example one A/D converter or one communication line, instead of having one device per input signal. 

An analog multiplexer is a special type of analog switch that connects one signal selected from several inputs to a single output.

A digital multiplexer is a set of parallel switches, with selector that selects one of the input digital channels to outputs into the single digital output channel. The selector selects one of the input channels according to the digital command (number) it receives.
In electronics, a demultiplexer (or demux) is a device taking a single input signal and selecting one of many data-output-lines, which is connected to the single input. A multiplexer is often used with a complementary demultiplexer on the receiving end. 

An electronic multiplexer can be considered as a multiple-input, single-output switch, and a demultiplexer as a single-input, multiple-output switch. 

In telecommunications and signal processing, a multiplexer is a device that combines several input information signals into one output signal, which carries several communication channels, by means of some multiplex technique. A demultiplexer is in this context a device that takes a single input signal that carries many channels and separates the channels over multiple output signals.
One cost-saving use for multiplexers is connecting a multiplexer and a demultiplexer (or demux) together (called mul-dex) over a single communication channel (by connecting the multiplexer's single output to the demultiplexer's single input). The image to the right demonstrates this.

In this case, the cost of implementing separate channels for each data source is more expensive than the cost of implementing the multiplexing/demultiplexing functions.

At the receiving end of the data link a complementary demultiplexer is normally required to break single data stream back down into the original streams.

In some cases, the far end system may have more functionality than a simple demultiplexer and so, at the same time as the demultiplexing still exists logically, it may never actually happen physically, such as in network address translation where a number of IP private network users are multiplexed over a single public IP address.
References
M. Morris Mano and Charles R. Kime, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, Prentice Hall, Inc., 2008

Electronic circuits
Tramway means more than one thing:
 Tramway (industrial), a railway that is easy to take up and put back down
 A  public transport tram system that runs on rails
In computing, input/output/(*.*)., or Clear Text, refers to the communication between a digital processing system (such as a computer or an embedded system), and the outside world – possibly a human, another processing system or a device.

Inputs are the signals or data received by the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.

I/O devices are used by a person (or other system) to communicate with the digital processing system. For instance, keyboards and mice are considered input devices of a computer, while monitors and printers are considered output devices of a computer. Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typically serve for both input and output.
Note that the description of a device as either input or output depends on how it is viewed. Mouses and keyboards take as input physical movement that the human user outputs and convert it into signals that a computer can understand. The output from these devices is input for the computer. Similarly, printers and monitors take as input signals that a computer outputs. They then convert these signals into representations that human users can see or read. (For a human user the process of reading or seeing these representations is receiving input.)
 
Computers only work with digital information, any input that a computer receives must be digitalised.

Computer science
Data input
An instruction set, or instruction set architecture (ISA),  is a list of all the commands (instructions), with all their variations, that a processor can execute.

Instructions include:

 Arithmetic such as add and subtract
 Logic instructions such as and, or, and not
 Data instructions such as move, input, output, load, and store
 Control flow instructions such as goto, if ... goto, call, and return.

Instruction set architecture is distinguished from microarchitecture. Microarchitecture is the detailed description of the system that is enough for completely describing the operation of all parts of the computing system, as well as how they are inter-connected and inter-operate to implement the ISA. An instruction set is the part of the computer architecture related to programming. An ISA includes a specification set of opcodes (machine language), which are the native commands implemented in a particular central processing unit design.
Computers with different microarchitectures can share a common instruction set. For example, the Intel Pentium and the AMD Athlon implement nearly identical versions of the x86 instruction set, but they are very different in internal designs.

Related pages
 CISC
 RISC
 VLIW
 MISC
 digital signal processor
 graphics processing unit
 central processing unit
 microcontroller
 microprocessor
 Computer architecture

Other websites
Mark Smotherman's Historical Computer Designs Page
Microprocessor Instruction Set Cards
A Set of Standard Microprocessor Programming Cards by Jonathan Bowen
Randy Hyde's discussion on ISA 

Computer architecture
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh is a Hindu nationalist organization in India. It was founded in 1925 by K.B. Hedgewar. The organization is accused of having fascist tendencies.

References 

Nationalist organizations in India
Hinduism
Politics of India
1925 establishments in Asia
1920s establishments in India
In electrical engineering, power consumption refers to the electrical energy per unit time, supplied to operate something, such as a home appliance. Power consumption is usually measured in units of watts (W) or kilowatts (kW).

The energy used by equipment is always more than the energy really needed. This is because no equipment is 100% efficient. Power is wasted as heat, vibrations and/or electromagnetic radiation. For example, a light bulb does not only convert electric power into light; it also makes some heat.

References

Electrical engineering
Hindutva, which means "Hinduness", is a kind of nationalism in India. The word was made popular by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923. Groups that believe in Hindutva include the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the Sangh Parivar. Hindutva considers Hinduism better than other religions and cultures. Because of this, some people describe Hindutva as almost fascist, while others say that Hindutva is conservative.

Comments by scholars 
According to Christophe Jaffrelot, a political scientist specializing in South Asia, the Hindutva ideology has roots in an era where the fiction in ancient Indian mythology and the Vedics  was thought to be valid. This fiction was used to "give sustenance to Hindu ethnic consciousness". Its strategy emulated the Muslim identity politics of the Khilafat movement after World War I, and borrowed political concepts from the West – mainly Germany.
According to Anthony Parel, a historian and political scientist, V. D. Savarkar's Hindutva, Who is a Hindu? (1923) is a fundamental text of Hindutva ideology. He comments on Savarkar's summary of Hindu culture "as a self-sufficient culture, not needing any input from other cultures" by saying that this is "an unhistorical, narcissistic and false account of India's past".

Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad, a Fellow of the British Academy and a scholar of Politics and Philosophy of Religion, says that Hindutva is a form of nationalism that is seen differently by its opponents and its supporters. The Hindutva ideology according to Savarkar, states Ram-Prasad, is based on  "geography, race, and culture".

References 

Nationalism
Hinduism
Phetchabun is a town in the northeastern and the central part of Thailand. 
It is about  in size. The distance from the east to the west is . The distance from the north to the south is . The height above sea level is . Phetchabun is  from Bangkok.

Administrative division 
The administrative distributes to are 11 districts (amphur), 117 subdistricts (tumbol), and 1261 villages (muban).

The boundaries 
 Loei borders Phetchabun to the north.
 Lopburi borders Phetchabun to the south.
 Khon Kaen and Chaiyaphum borders Phethabun to the east.
 Phitsanulok Nakhonsawan and Phichit borders Phetchabun to the west.

History
History

Phetchabun is ancient. It is unclear who founded it. Krom Phraya Dhamlong Racha Nupap says that Phetchabun established for 2 periods in the same relic of Buddha temple and ancient temple. At first age, built when the northland is Sukhothai city or Phitsanulok is the capital. There is the waterway in a public city.
The second period built in, Narai's period. There was a river at the center of a city. In the north side had a wall for Guading the enemies. In the south there was a field.
An archeologist discovered the evidence in Si Thep city. The evidence was over 1000 years old. Phetchabun was built in the same time as Phimai, Lopburi.

The park 
 Khao Khor national park ()
 Tad Mok national park ()
 Nam Nao national park ()
 Si Thep Historical park ()

References

Towns in Thailand
Very Long Instruction Word or VLIW which refers to a CPU architecture designed to take advantage of instruction level parallelism (ILP) but at minimum level of hardware complexities. ( Alternatively, Variable Length Instruction Word or VLIW a refers to a CPU instruction (  instruction set ) designed to load ( or copy ) a literal value count of inline Machine code to the on-chip RAM for higher speed CPU decoding. )
A processor that executes every instruction one after the other (i.e. a non-pipelined scalar architecture) may use processor resources inefficiently, leading to poor performance. 
The performance can be improved by using micro-architectural design techniques that use ILP including:
Instruction pipelining where the execution of multiple instructions can be partially overlapped; where each instructions is divided into series of sub-steps (termed: micro-operations).
Superscalar execution in which multiple execution units are used to execute multiple instructions in parallel.
Out-of-order execution where instructions execute in any order but without violating data dependencies. 
Register renaming which is a technique used to avoid unnecessary serialization of program instructions caused by the reuse of registers by those instructions, in order to enable out-of-order execution.
Speculative execution which allow the execution of complete instructions or parts of instructions before being sure whether this execution is required. 
Branch prediction which is used to avoid delays (termed: stalls) cause of control dependencies to be resolved. Branch prediction is used with speculative execution.
The VLIW approach is a concept which is only useful as the code generated by a compiler makes it, but with a number of special-purpose instructions available to simplify certain complicated operations:
In superscalar designs, the number of execution units is invisible to the instruction set. Each instruction encodes only one operation. For most superscalar designs, the instruction width is 32 bits or less. 
In contrast, one VLIW instruction encodes multiple operations; specifically, one instruction encodes at least one operation for each execution unit of the device. For example, if a VLIW device has five execution units, then a VLIW instruction for that device would have five operation fields, each field specifying what operation should be done on that corresponding execution unit. In order to find a space for these operation fields, VLIW instructions are usually at least 64-bits in width and on some architectures 128-bits or wider; this is how the name comes.
Related pages
 Complex instruction set computer (CISC)
 Reduced instruction set computer (RISC)
 Minimal instruction set computer (MISC)

Other websites
Paper That Introduced VLIWs
ISCA "Best Papers" Retrospective On Paper That Introduced VLIWs 
VLIW and Embedded Processing
VLIW Example Code 

Computer architecture
Phetchabun () is one of the northern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. As of 2000, 965,784 people live there, and has an area of 12,668.4km². The Governor is Direk Thuengfang.

Administrative divisions

The province has  11 districts (amphoe); 117 subdistricts (tambon) and 1261 villages (muban).

Provinces of Thailand
Goatse.cx (pronounced either ; sometimes the top level domain is left out and it is just called "Goatse") was an Internet shock site. The page featured a picture, hello.jpg, showing an undressed man stretching his butt to a large size with both hands, with the inside of his rectum clearly visible. Below his gaping anus, his dangling penis and scrotum were visible, as well as a ring on the ring finger of his left hand.

The image hello.jpg comes from a set of forty pictures from a file named gap.zip. In those images, the man used sex toys and butt plugs to stretch his anus. The images were located by Stile Project and are also available from the "Contrib" section of the goatse.cx website under the filename gap.zip. hello.jpg is the third file in the archive, gap3.jpg.

The site was named Goatse because it is similar to the phrase goat sex. However, no goats are involved anywhere on the site.
Site suspension 
On January 14, 2004, the domain goatse.cx was closed for a time. by Christmas Island Internet Administration for policy violations in response to a complaint, but many mirrors of the site are still available, and the picture is displayed on many websites.

In January 2007, Christmas Island Internet Administration put the domain goatse.cx back into the pool of available domains. The domain was then registered on January 16 through domain registrar Variomedia, and the current holder tried to auction off the right to use the domain.

The goatse.cx domain name was reported sold at an auction on April 30, 2007 to an unknown bidder.  According to seobidding.com, the first auction ended with fake bids so the auction was reactivated. This was again won by fake bidders, so Seobidding.com announced that the website would be sold for $500,000 and that legal action would be pursued against the fake bidders. On November 25, 2007, the site was for sale on seobidding; "goatse.cx  asking: $50200  minimum."
Control of the domain was moved to the another market, and was taken by domain squatters who were trying to sell the domain name for 10,000 euros.

Re-launch 
On July 4, 2008, the site was open again, with a picture of Bill O'Reilly and a legal notice. The file name and text remained the same as before.

As of September 28, 2008, the site was again put up for sale, and the picture changed once again because of a legal order from Fox Broadcasting Company ordering the owner to stop showing a picture of Bill O'Reilly.
Geographic location 
The site used the .cx country code, the top-level domain of the Australian territory of Christmas Island. The actual computer server of Goatse.cx was not on Christmas Island, but in the United States and was owned by Hick.org, a website about computer programming and bathroom humor. The Hick.org domain was registered by Matt Miller in Overland Park, Kansas. Both Goatse.cx and Hick.org originated from the same IP address; the server was in  Kansas City, Missouri, metro-region. Goat.cx, formerly a mirror of Goatse.cx, was in the Dallas, Texas, metro-region, while current mirror Goatse.ru is in Russia.

Goatse in popular culture 
Many Internet users have been tricked into looking at  the site at one time or another, it has become something of an Internet meme. As such, hello.jpg and the other images on the site are common subjects of parodies and tributes.
After Hurricane Charley in August 2004, an image purporting to show "the hands of God" in the cloud formations in the aftermath of the disaster circulated in email. The image was proven to be a false Goatse parody.

In June 2007, a parody of the 2012 Summer Olympics logo sent by "Sean Stayte" appeared on the BBC News website under the alternative Olympic Logo entries and was broadcast on their BBC News 24 channel. Two hands were pulling the 0 from 2012 apart. The image was later shown as part of a gallery of viewers logos on BBC London News and BBC News 24, and was subsequently removed from the website. The editor of the BBC News website stated the mistake in his blog, saying his team "simply didn’t spot it".

There are at least four songs about Goatse, and also a band named Goatse.

References 

Shock sites
1999 establishments
2004 disestablishments
2008 establishments
Modesty is what people do to avoid attracting attention to themselves. Often modesty is about avoiding sexual attraction. Modesty is related to moderation, not bragging or showing off. Modesty and humility may seem similar, but are not the same. Because modesty is on the surface, it may be false. Humility is behavior that comes from truly thinking no person is better than any other.

Clothing has many functions with regard to modesty. Clothing is the usual way to avoiding sexuality when it would be inappropriate. Modest clothing communicates the wearer's social status without overdoing. Conformity to a dress code such as businesswear signals group membership over individuality.
Cultural differences
The major cultural differences in modesty are about privacy and gender. Modesty is a part of social relationships, and may not apply when alone or with intimate relations. Modesty is about sexuality, which historically had different norms within single-sex groups, but is changing with the definition of sex and gender.

Religion determines what many people believe about modesty. Modesty is required in many cultures, based upon the beliefs of Abrahamic religions that see the human body as shameful. Orthodox Judaism and Islam require believers to wear clothing that covers all of the body that is sexual. For women, this includes the entire body except hands and faces, including the hair. Anabaptist Christian groups continue to observe purely functional "plain dress". These include the Amish and Mennonites in the United States. Less strict, but conservative religious groups also adopt clothing and behavior more modest than what is acceptable by the majority.
Indigenous peoples in warm climates, having less need for clothing, developed cultures with no concept of bodily shame. In everyday life, not covering the body more than needed is normal not immodest. This may include being naked. This lack of clothing was seen as immoral by colonial explorers, and continues to be misunderstood. Western clothing is worn worldwide with adaptations for local cultures. Clothing that reveals the body continues to be worn in rural areas and on special occasions to maintain indigenous traditions.

Artistic performances and celebrations are intended to attract attention. Every society has norms that recognize that different rules apply to performers.
Privacy
Private situations are generally limited to people who know each other well, such as life partners, spouses, family members, or close friends.  There are some places that are semi-private, which include those less well-known, such as acquaintances and co-workers. Situations may also be semi-public, including others not known but limited to those with a shared characteristic, such as age or gender. Public places are open to all. Some social roles allow exceptions to rules of privacy, such as when receiving medial examination or treatment.
Gender differences
There is little information regarding the equality of the sexes in prehistory, but some indication of the differences from one group to another.  Based upon the burial method and the artifacts placed in graves, in some tribes both men and women had high position, in others only men. The same pattern is found in modern-day foraging societies. The status of women today also varies, with more gender equality in Scandinavia than other parts of the world. Inequality is greatest in Islamic countries.

In Western cultures until this century it was not unusual for boys to be naked in public while girls would be clothed. Women are generally expected to be more modest than men. In single-sex situations, men would be naked when necessary, and it was though of as unmanly not to do so. Men and boys swam naked in YMCA and public school indoor pools until they became mixed-gender in the 1960s.
Islamic countries have few places for nudity outside the home. Communal bathing at the steam bath (hammam) is for men and avoids complete nudity, a waist wrap being worn. In countries lacking baths in the home, public baths for women only may exist.

Openness regarding homosexuality has led to stricter levels of modesty in same-sex situations, such as in changing-rooms. In several places, community showers have been changes to allow privacy. Many students no longer shower at school after exercise. In addition, cell-phone cameras have changed the assumption of privacy in shared spaces.

Swimsuits are an indication of changes in standards of modesty. Before the 1930s, men were generally prohibited from baring their chests where women were present. For years, loose swim trunks were typical, but after the 1960s, form-fitting ("Speedo") suits were popular, and remain so in Europe. The United States has generally reverted to baggy, oversize swimwear that show less of the body.
Historically, the female breast was not part of the body needing to be hidden, breastfeeding being a necessary and natural function for nurturing children. The assumption that breastfeeding must always be done in private is a recent change in societies where it has become rare. In societies where breastfeeding remains the norm, not covering the breasts in other situations is more common. In some societies, breastfeeding in public has been made a legal right, but mothers may not do so because other people may object.

Western norms
What is called Western culture expects that sexual body parts are covered in public places at all times. There are exceptions for places where people change clothes, as there is one changing-room for men, and another for women. Other exceptions include saunas, which are often mixed-sex places, a towel being sufficient to maintain modesty.
Special rules also apply in places for swimming or sunbathing. These include not only beaches, but parks, some of which are in cities. Typical swimsuits would not be appropriate anywhere else.

In many European countries, women may be topless while sunbathing, and some places are designated "clothing optional", complete nudity being allowed.

States of undress among close family members in the home is determined individually. Young children up to the age of five or six may want to be naked, and parents may allow this, even when others are present. Children naturally become modest with the approach of puberty. Some parents are also naked while bathing small children.

The quick and effective way to remove chemical or biological threats is to have victims take their cloths off and be sprayed with water. Disaster planners find it difficult to make such rules, finding many would rather be dead than naked in public.
Naturism
Naturists (or nudists) see nudity as the natural state of humans for many activities. Nudity is seen as beneficial to both physical and mental health. Modesty is maintained by behavior which avoids sexuality while naked. Western religious views reject the idea that nudity can ever be non-sexual. Naturism is practiced in resorts and campgrounds worldwide, but is a normal part of everyday life in Scandinavia and Germany.

Religion
Only the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) associate nakedness with sexual sin. In ancient civilizations, nakedness might be embarrassing as a sign of low status but not shameful regarding sexuality. Nudity was also not associated with sexuality due to fishermen, herders, and other laborers being naked while working.
Currently, moderate members of these religions adopt versions of local dress that satisfy their beliefs regarding modestly. Orthodox or conservative members often continue to wear traditional clothing. In countries where they are the majority, Islamic rules of modesty have the force of law.

Judaism

In Orthodox Jewish Law (Halakha) women are responsible for maintaining the virtue of modesty (Tzniut) by covering their bodies, including their hair. For Jewish men, nakedness was limited to exposure of the penis. In everyday activity male nudity might be necessary, but is to be avoided. Female nudity was not an offense against God, but only about arousing the sexual passions of men.
Christianity
The Christian standards of modesty are mainly about women avoiding tempting men into sexual sin. Pope Pius XII stated in 1940 that women should cover their upper arms and shoulders, that their skirts should cover at least as far as the knee, and the neckline should not reveal anything. Mary A. Kassian, professor of women’s studies at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, writes about the unfairness of placing the responsibility for resisting temptation upon women. She notes that standards of behavior vary from church to church. Citing scripture, she finds that modesty is about reverence, not just clothing, and finds nothing in the bible about skirt length or particular parts of the body being covered. American sex education often teaches young people that the human body is shameful.

Islam
Islam

Islamic society thinks modesty is important, but there are different interpretations of what dress should be considered modest. Many Muslim women wear a headscarf (hijab) as a sign of modesty. More conservative societies expect that women cover their whole body, except for their hands and their face.

A woman who choses to also cover her face and hands is said to be expressing greater "modesty and holiness". In some Islamic societies, women wear the niqab, an all-encompassing garment intended to conceal every part of the body, sometimes including the eyes. Wearing a niqab (sometimes referred to as a burqa, although this term only technically applies to an Afghan all-in-one garment) is common in some countries with a majority Muslim population.

More conservative countries such as Afghanistan or Iran do have laws that say what kind of dress a woman should wear. Not obeying these laws can lead to harsh punishments.
Likewise, according to some Islamic interpretations of Hadith, men are required to cover everything from 'navel to knee'. Some men choosing to extend this to the traditional Islamic head covering taqiyah (cap), the male counterpart to hijab which closely resembles the Jewish yarmulke but is slightly larger in size. The taqiyah cap may vary in shape, size or color just as the hijab does, with many regional differences according to tradition and personal taste.

A burqini is a swimsuit designed for Muslim women that covers the whole body except the face, the hands and the feet, that enables them to satisfy the requirements of Muslim standards of modesty while enabling them to take part in swimming activities. This is accepted by moderate Muslims, but are not allowed by conservative Islam which requires women's cloths to be loose, with no indication of the shape of the female body.
Buddhism
In Buddhism, modesty is the quality of being unpretentious about one's actions. Genuinely modest people are able to see themselves as they really are and rejoice in their good qualities without becoming vain and acknowledge their faults without shame.

Behavior outside the norm
When modesty is taken beyond what is normal, it is called prudishness. Gymnophobia is a fear of being naked where it is normal, such as a shower room in school. Exhibitionism is the act or urge to expose the genitals to strangers, a mental disorder that affects 2-4 percent of men. Other public exposure of the body, such as streaking, are not exhibitionism but an alternative social norm for celebration or protest.

Notes

References

Virtues
Minimal Instruction Set Computer (MISC) is a processor architecture with a very small number of basic instruction operations and corresponding opcodes.  As a result of this is a smaller instruction set, a smaller and faster instruction set decode unit, and faster operation of individual instructions.  The disadvantage is that smaller instruction set always have more sequential dependencies, reducing instruction-level parallelism.

Related pages
 Complex instruction set computer (CISC)
 Reduced instruction set computer (RISC)
 Very long instruction word (VLIW)

Other websites
Forth MISC chip designs
seaForth-24  - the latest multi-core MISC design from Chuck Moore

Computer science
Zoophilia is a type of paraphilia. People who have it feel sexually attracted to animals. These people are called zoophiles. Sexual activity with an animal is called bestiality. It is illegal in most countries. Most people think that zoophilia is wrong. Zoophilia is a mental disorder in the DSM.

Occurence
In a 1974 study, 4.9% of males said they had had sexual interactions with animals.

References

Paraphilias
Sukhoi Su-30 is a Russian fighter aircraft. It is developed by Sukhoi Aviation Corporation. It is a 4.5-generation jet fighter aircraft. The aircraft is used by these air forces:

Algerian Air Force
Angolan Air Force
People's Liberation Army Air Force
Indian Air Force
Indonesian Air Force
Kazakh Air Force
Royal Malaysian Air Force
Russian Air Force
Uganda Air Force
Venezuelan Air Force
Vietnam People's Air Force

Versions 
Su-30K

Export version of the basic Su-30

Su-30MKI

Version for India

Su-30SM

Version of the Su-30MKI for Russia

Russian military aircraft
A One Instruction Set Computer (OISC) is an abstract computer that uses only one instruction (with no need for a machine language opcode). Such computers are the extreme case or the logical conclusion of Reduced instruction set computers, although the concept has been used only in academic circles, as a teaching aid like the URISC.

The Ultimate RISC (URISC) is the name given by researchers at the University of Waterloo in the city of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, to their implementation of a single-instruction computer. URISC allows complete description of a fully functional computer, in only a few pages.

References 
 The Retrocomputing Museum
 MAXQ product line homepage 
 OISC Implementation with subleq 
 Univ. of Waterloo URISC: F. Mavaddat and B. Parhami, URISC: The Ultimate Reduced Instruction Set Computer, Int'l J. Electrical Engineering Education, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 327-334, October 1988.
 Univ. of Iowa Ultimate: RISC (Accessed November 2008).
Other websites 
 Mark II OISC Self-Interpreter Possibly the first-ever OISC self-interpreter.
 SBN Computer
 SUBLEQ compiler and emulator 
 http://esolangs.org/wiki/Subleq
 BitBitJump - the simplest OISC

Computer architecture
In computer science, ZISC stands for Zero Instruction Set Computer, which refers to a chip technology based on pure pattern matching and absence of micro-instructions. 

The name ZISC was derived from RISC.

Other websites
From CISC to RISC to ZISC by S. Liebman on lsmarketing.com
Neural Networks on Silicon  at aboutAI.net
Open Directory: Hardware: Components: Processors: ZISC
Recognetics Home of CogniMem the successor of ZISC 

Computer architecture
The Greco-Roman or Graeco-Roman world, refers to geographical regions and countries who had the language, culture, government or religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

Other websites
Greek influence

Ancient Greece
Ancient Rome
Peoples Temple was an organization founded in 1955 by Jim Jones that, by the mid-1970s, possessed over a dozen locations in California including its headquarters in San Francisco. It is best known for the death of over 900 of its members on November 18, 1978 in Guyana, at the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project (informally called "Jonestown"), a nearby airstrip at Port Kaituma, and Georgetown.

Related pages
For details of the event, see Jim Jones

Murders
Suicide
Religious violence
1955 establishments in the United States
New religious movements
Christian organizations based in the United States
Lotus is a genus of the Pea family. This genus includes 125-180 species.

References

Other websites 
Birdsfoot trefoil

Faboideae
Regina Spektor (born February 18, 1980) is a Russian-American singer-songwriter and pianist.  She was born in Moscow, Russia, but moved to The Bronx in New York City as a child.

She has released eight studio albums. She released her first album 11:11 in 2001. In 2002 she released her second album Songs. Spektor's third album Soviet Kitsch was her first album to be released on a record label. Three singles were released from the album. In 2009 Spektor released her fourth album Far. What We Saw from the Cheap Seats was released in 2012. 

She usually sings in English but has used other languages in her songs including Latin, French, and Russian.

Spektor sings the theme song of Orange is the New Black, "You've Got Time". The song was nominated for the award for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 2013 Grammy Awards.

Personal life
Spektor married Jack Dishel in 2011.

She gave birth to a baby boy in 2014.

Other websites
Official website

References
References

American pianists
American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Russian singers
Russian musicians
1980 births
Living people
In microarchitecture micro-operations (sometimes termed: micro-instructions, also known as micro-ops or μops), are detailed low-level instructions used in some designs to implement complex machine instructions in which each instruction is composed of a set of low-level micro-ops.

Computer science
The bulldog, known as the British Bulldog or English Bulldog, is a medium-size breed of dog from England.

Description
Bulldogs are medium in size, and they are wide and compact with large, thick heads. Their muzzle (nose and mouth) is short, like a pug's. They have stocky legs at each corner of their muscular body, so when they walk, they take short steps and swing their body from side to side. 

Their fur comes in many colors, including light brown, white, black or mixed (brindle). Black is not a desired color at dog shows, but black bulldogs can compete. The bulldog is recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC). 

Bulldogs are good family pets. They are also brave and are good guard dogs. Bulldogs need a lot of human attention to be happy. They do not need much exercise or grooming except for the face, which should be wiped daily in the face folds with a damp cloth. They weigh . They are  tall at the shoulders.
The bulldog was originally bred to fight bulls during the 1600s. The dog's mouth is made to bite a bull's nose and not let go.

References

Dog breeds originating in England
FCI breeds
National symbols of the United Kingdom
Defecation is the scientific name for the final stage of digestion, which is the act of taking away solid, semisolid or liquid waste from the body, known as "Faeces (American spelling, Feces)". Faeces is the scientific name for poop. 

Digestive system
The flag of Turkey () has a white crescent moon and a star on a red background. The flag is called Ay Yıldız (literally, moon star) or Alsancak (red banner) in Turkish. 

The flag has a complex origin since it is an ancient design, and uses the same symbols of the late flag of the Ottoman Empire which was adopted in 1844 with the Tanzimat reforms; though the shape, placement and shade of the color varies. The geometric proportions of the flag were legally standardized with the Turkish Flag Law in 1936. The shade of red used in the flag is approximated by Pantone 186, or RGB (227, 10, 23).

Turkey
National symbols of Turkey
The flag of Saudi Arabia is the flag used by the government of Saudi Arabia since March 15, 1973. It is a green flag featuring in white an Arabic inscription and a sword. 

The script on the flag is written in the Thuluth script. It is the shahadah or Islamic declaration of faith: 

لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله
la ilaha ill allah muhammadun rasul allah
"There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his Messenger"

The sword, symbolizes the importance of the inscription by underlining it.

Green flags with this or other Arabic scripts are commonly seen in Islam. They should not be confused with the Saudi national flag. These other flags normally do not have the sword symbol. 

The flag is made so that the shahada reads correctly, from right to left, from either side. The sword points from hoist to fly on both sides. The flag is sinister hoisted. This means that the obverse side (front) has the hoist side (flagpole side) to the right.

Saudi Arabia
National symbols of Saudi Arabia
The Saudi Arabian coat of arms () is a coat of arms that was adopted in 1950. According to the Saudi Constitution it is made of of two crossed swords with a palm tree in the open upper space between the blades. Each of the swords represents the two kingdoms which founded modern day Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom of Hejaz and the Sultanate of Najd.

The date palm tree represents vitality and growth.
The crossed scimitars symbolize justice and strength rooted in faith.

References 

Saudi Arabia
National symbols of Saudi Arabia