Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Columbia ultimately launched and achieved orbit on January 12, 1986, with a full crew of seven. Along with Cenker, the crew included Robert L. "Hoot" Gibson, future NASA Administrator Charles F. Bolden, George D. Nelson, Steven A. Hawley, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, and US Representative Bill Nelson.
  Cenker and his crewmates traveled over 2.1 million miles in 96 orbits aboard Columbia and logged over 146 hours in space.

During the six-day mission, January 12–18, Cenker performed a variety of physiological tests, operated a primary experiment – an infrared imaging camera – and assisted with the deployment of RCA Americom's Satcom Ku-1 satellite, the primary mission objective. Satcom K-1 was deployed nearly 10 hours into the mission, and Satcom later reached its geostationary “slot” at 85 degrees West longitude where it remained operational until April 1997, the last major commercial satellite deployed by the space shuttle program.
In a 2014 video of the "Tell Me a Story" series titled "Close My Eyes & Drift Away", posted to the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex YouTube channel, Cenker tells a humorous story regarding a zero-g sleeping problem that he faced on his mission.

The next Shuttle launch, ten days after the return of Columbia, resulted in the destruction of Challenger with the loss of all aboard, including Cenker's counterpart from Hughes Aircraft, civilian crew member and Payload Specialist Greg Jarvis. Accordingly, commander Gibson later called the STS-61-C mission "The End of Innocence" for the Shuttle Program.
Following the Challenger disaster, the shuttle fleet was grounded until 1988. Even after Shuttle missions resumed, civilian Payload Specialists like Cenker were excluded until the Payload Specialist program was reinstated on December 2, 1990 when Samuel T. Durrance, an Applied Physics Laboratory astrophysicist and Ronald A. Parise, a Computer Sciences Corporation astronomer, flew aboard STS-35. By that time, RCA had been purchased by General Electric, and RCA Astro-Electronics became part of GE. Following two additional ownership transitions, the facility was closed in 1998. As  a result, Cenker was the only RCA Astro-Electronics employee, and only employee in the history of the facility under all of its subsequent names, to ever fly in space.
NASA's Payload Specialist program has been criticized for giving limited Shuttle flight positions to civilian aerospace engineers such as Cenker and Greg Jarvis (killed aboard Challenger), politicians such as Bill Nelson, and others civilians such as Teacher in Space Christa McAuliffe (also killed aboard Challenger). Even the flight of former Mercury astronaut and US Senator John Glenn was questioned. The concern was that these people had replaced career astronauts in very limited flight opportunities, and some may have flown without fully understanding the level of danger involved in a Shuttle mission.

Post-spaceflight
Following the completion of his shuttle mission, Cenker returned to work in the civilian aerospace field. Cenker's last two years with RCA Astro-Electronics and it's successor GE Astro Space were spent as Manager of Payload Accommodations on an EOS spacecraft program. After leaving GE, Cenker served as a consultant for various aerospace companies regarding micro-gravity research, and spacecraft design, assembly and flight operations. Cenker supported systems engineering and systems architecture studies for various spacecraft projects, including smallsats, military communications satellites, and large, assembled-in-orbit platforms. His contributions included launch vehicle evaluation and systems engineering support for Motorola on Iridium, and launch readiness for the Globalstar constellation
. Other efforts include systems engineering and operations support for INTELSAT on Intelsat K and Intelsat VIII, for AT&T on Telstar 401 and 402, for Fairchild-Matra  on SPAS III, for Martin Marietta on Astra 1B, BS-3N, ACTS, and for the Lockheed Martin Series 7000 communications satellites.
Cenker continues to make periodic public appearances representing NASA and the shuttle astronaut program, including one at the Kennedy Space Center in March 2017.

In 2017, Cenker's STS-61C crewmate former US Senator Bill Nelson spoke at a session of the US House of Representatives. In an address, titled "Mission to Mars and Space Shuttle Flight 30th Anniversary", he read into the Congressional Record the details of the mission of STS-61C, as well as the names and function of each crew member including Cenker.

Personal life 
Bob Cenker is married to Barbara Ann Cenker; they have two sons and a daughter.

Professional societies 
 Associate Fellow in the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
 Life Member of the Penn State Alumni Association
 Life Member of the Association of Space Explorers
 Registered Professional Engineer in the state of New Jersey
 Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
 Sigma Gamma Tau
 Tau Beta Pi

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites 
 NASA biography of Robert Cenker
 STS-61C Press Kit
 NASA: 61-C Mission Page 
 Space Shuttle Flight 24 (STS-61C) Post Flight Presentation on YouTube

1948 births
American astronauts
People from Pennsylvania
Living people
Richard Petty Motorsports is a NASCAR team that is owned by Richard Petty. They currently field the #43 Chevrolet Camaro for driver Darrell Wallace Jr. in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series.

NASCAR racing teams
Joe Gibbs Racing is a professional NASCAR team owned by former Washington Redskins coach Joe Gibbs. Their current drivers are Denny Hamlin, Kyle Busch, Daniel Suarez, and Matt Kenseth.

NASCAR racing teams
The AFL Grand Final is a football match (Australian Rules Football) held between the teams who won in the Preliminary Final the week before. This match normally takes place at the MCG on the last Saturday of September. The winner of this match is crowned as the best team of the season and gets the Premiership Cup.

References

Australian Football League
1898 establishments
Sport in Melbourne
1890s establishments in Australia
September events
Today, about 10 million girls around the world are in an organization called Girl Guides. It started over 100 years ago. Around 1907 in England, Robert Baden-Powell started an organization called Boy Scouts. He taught boys how to camp and live outdoors. In 1909, Baden-Powell held a big event for Boy Scouts. Many girls said they wanted to join, too. Baden-Powell wanted to have boys and girls in different groups, so he started Girl Guides that year. In 1910, his younger sister Agnes became the leader. The girls learned how to camp, and they also learned how to take care of children. By 1912, there were Girl Guides in many other countries such as Australia, Denmark, and the United States. All Girl Guides learn a lot about life and things that are not taught at school. They have special rules about the way to live. They have to try and do something nice for someone else every day. When something bad happens, they must be strong. They must be ready for anything, so their slogan is "Be Prepared
." In 1926, leaders of the Girl Guides from around the world met in a town in New York. At the meeting, they decided to make a special day for Girl Guides in all countries. They chose February 22 because it was the birthday of Robert Baden-Powell. It is called World Thinking Day. Now, on this day every year, Girl Guides around the world celebrate with special events and study about other countries and cultures.
Related pages
Scouting

References 

Youth organizations
Scouting
Tanjore District was one of the districts in the erstwhile Madras Presidency of British India. It covered the area of the present-day districts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam and the Aranthangi taluk of Pudukkottai District in Tamil Nadu.Thanjavur was a centre of Chola cultural heritage and one of the richest and most prosperous districts in Madras Presidency.

Tanjore district was constituted in 1799 when the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Serfoji II ceded most of his kingdom to the British East India Company in return for his restitution on the throne. Tanjore district, which is situated on the Cauvery Delta, is one of the richest rice-growing regions in South India. It was scarcely affected by famines such as the Great Famine of 1876–78.
Demographics 
Tanjore District covered a total area of 9,600 square kilometres (3,710 sq mi). It had a population of 2,245,029 in 1901. The population density was 234 inhabitants per square kilometre (605/sq mi). As per the 1901 census statistics, Tanjore was the fifth most populous district in the Madras Presidency and the second most densely populated after Madras city.
According to the 1901 census, 91 percent of the population was Hindu, 5 percent Muslim and 4 percent Christian. Among Hindus, Paraiyars (310,391), Vanniyars (235,406), Vellalars (212,168), Kallars (188,463), Pallars (159,855), Valaiyars (137,216), and Brahmins (118,882) were the most numerous. Kallars were mainly found in the western part of Tanjore and Pattukkottai taluks. Tanjore had the third highest Brahmin population in the Madras Presidency (more than 6%) after South Canara and Ganjam and the highest among the Tamil-speaking districts. Most of the Muslims were Marakkayars or Labbais and concentrated in Kumbakonam taluk where they formed the majority in the towns of Ayyampettai, Rajagiri and Pandaravadai apart from Koothanallur in Mannargudi taluk. They were also found in large numbers in the Negapatam and Pattukkottai taluks. More than a third of the total Christian population of the district lived in Tanjore taluk
. There were a total of about 600 Jains chiefly concentrated in the Tanjore and Mannargudi taluks.The chief Muslim places of worship were located in Tanjore and Muttupet apart from the Nagore dargah.
Tamil was spoken as mother tongue by an overwhelming majority of the population while Telugu was spoken by about 3%. Other languages spoken include Marathi (13,651) and Saurashtrian or Patnuli.

Reference 

Madras Presidency
Maghrebi Jews / Maghrebic Jews / Maghrebim are Jews who live(d) in the Maghreb countries. Many Maghrebi Jews have a Sephardic background.

Related pages 
 Ashkenazi Jews
 Mizrahi Jews
 Sephardi Jews

Jewish communities
Jewish ethnic groups
Mannargudi taluk is a taluk in Thiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Mannargudi.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Mannargudi had a population of 308,059 with 152,132 males and 155,927 females. There were 1025 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 75.15. Child population in the age group below 6 was 13,403 Males and 12,729 Females.

References

Thiruvarur district
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi  is a Dravidian Tamil Nationalist political party in Tamil Nadu, India.Its chairman is Thol. Thirumavalavan, a lawyer from Chennai.The party's main principle is the abolition of the Hindu caste system and the institution of equality among Tamil people. The political party believes that true social equality lies in the unification of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, Other Backward Classes, and minorities such as the Christians and Muslims of Tamil Nadu.The Party is against capitalism, caste domination, and Brahminism.

Against TASMAC
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Party is one among the parties along with Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Paataali Makkal katchi which Campaigned against government liquor shops of Tamil Nadu popularly known as TASMAC.
Principles of the Party
The main aim of the party is to abolish the differences among Tamil people and to lift up the economically weaker sections of society. The party supported the freedom movement of Tamil people in Tamil Eelam, as well as the security of Tamil people living abroad.The party also declared that Mahinda Rajapaksa should be charged with war crimes for the alleged assassination of thousands of innocent Tamil people during war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
Controversies 
The Political party is accused of extra promoting Tamil nationalism and supporting Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam which is banned in India.Although major Tamil political parties DMK and ADMK both are accused for indirectly supporting LTTE, VCK is accused of supporting LTTE leader Prabakaran openly in its party posters. It is alleged that LTTE involved in the assassination of Former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi.VCK Party is demanding release of the Rajiv Gandhi murder accusers along with major Tamil parties like NTK,MDMK,PMK,SMK,AIADMK and DMK.VCK Party also celebrated the birth day of Slain LTTE Leader Prabakaran along with other Tamil parties.

Reference

Political parties in Tamil Nadu
Patrick Kennedy left Ireland in  (February 16, 1823 – November 22, 1858) was an Irish farmer, businessman, and politician who moved to East Boston, Massachusetts from County Wexford, Ireland. He was born in New Ross, Ireland. He was the father of businessman/politician P. J. Kennedy (1858-1929), the grandfather of businessman/politician Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (1888-1969), and the great-grandfather of President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963).

Early life 
Patrick Kennedy was the youngest son of farmer James Kennedy Sr. (1770-1840), and Maria Maiden (1779-1836).
Children 
Patrick and Bridget had five children:
Mary L. Kennedy (1851-1926), who married Lawrence M. Kane (1853-1924).
Joanna L. Kennedy (1852-1926), who married Humphrey Charles Mahoney (1854-1923).
John Kennedy III (1854-1855), died young from cholera.
Margaret M. Kennedy (1855-1929), who married John Caulfield (1856-1928).
P. J. Kennedy (1858-1929), a businessman and politician who married Mary Augusta Hickey (1857-1923).

Death 
Patrick Kennedy died on November 22, 1858, from tuberculosis at age 35.

Kennedy family
Pages appear in :Category:Romanian scientists
This is a list of notable Romanian scientists.

Ion Heliade Rădulescu (d. 1802) - the first president of the Romanian Academy
Ion Creangă (d. 1889), education theorist, wrote books including Childhood Memories
George Emil Palade (d. 2008), he and two others got one  Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; He was a cell biologist

Solomon Marcus (d. 2016), known as one of the initiators of mathematical linguistics and of mathematical poetics; mathematician and semiotician
Codrin Țapu (b. 1973), known as a writer about hypostatic approach to personality, and hypostatic abstraction" (en); he is a psychologist

Related pages 
 List of Romanian natural scientists
 List of Romanian social scientists

References

Romanian

scientists
This is a list of scientists from Oceania.

Australia
Pages appear in :Category:Australian scientists
Elizabeth Blackburn
Peter C. Doherty - he got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; he is a medical doctor and veterinarian
Ted Evans (public servant), was Secretary of the Department of the Treasury; economist
*Peter Gavin Hall, was one of only three researchers based outside of North America to win the COPSS presidents' Award; Mathematics, statistics; died in 2016
Brian Schmidt, he and two others have a share in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics

Cook Islands
 Jacqueline Evans, marine conservationist; has a Goldman Environmental Prize

Fiji
Mahendra Reddy - minister of Ministry for Education, National Heritage, Culture and Arts
New Zealand
Nancy Adams, got the awards,  Queen's Service Order, and the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. Botany; died in 2007
Margaret Cruickshank, the first registered woman doctor in New Zealand; died in 1918
Fred Hollows; Medicine, surgery, ophthalmology; died in 1993
David McNiven Garner
William Phillips (economist), known for his work about the Phillips curve; economist
Ernest Rutherford -  he got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry; nuclear physicist, and chemist; he died in 1937
Pat Suggate
Maurice Wilkins

Papua New Guinea
Herman Mandui, was the Chief Archeologist of Papua New Guinea
Mekere Morauta, was prime minister, economist

Solomon Islands
Hikuna Judge, collected the first known sample of the Vangunu giant rat; Tyrone Lavery and Judge gave the first species description (for the Vangunu giant rat)

Tuvalu
Minute Alapati Taupo, economist, MP, d. 2022
Related pages
List of scientists from Africa
List of scientists from Asia
List of scientists from Europe
List of scientists from North America
List of scientists from South America
List of women scientists from Oceania

References

Oceania
Ehud Barak, born as Ehud Brog, Hebrew: אהוד ברק , (born in February 12, 1942 in Mishmar HaSharon) is a former Israeli general and politician. He was a member of HaAvoda (Labor Party) till 2011.

Barak was Prime Minister of Israel from 1999 to 2001.

He was also the Chief of General Staff from 1991 to 1995, minister of foreign affairs from 1995 to 1996, and minister of defense from 2007 to 2013.

He studied physics, mathematics and economics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Stanford University.

References 
 Bio at Knesset Website

1942 births
Living people
Members of the Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
HaAvoda politicians
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli political leaders
Israeli generals
Israeli opposition leaders
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish military people
Prime Ministers of Israel
Stanford University alumni
RAS syndrome is when someone repeats a part of an acronym after using the acronym, such as ATM machine. 

Acronyms
Heiwiller is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Cajibio is a municipality in the Cauca Department, Colombia.

Municipalities of Colombia
Cauca
Francis Xavier Atencio, also known as X Atencio (September 4, 1919 – September 10, 2017), was an American animator and Imagineer for The Walt Disney Company. Atencio served as a photo interpreter in the U.S. Army Air Forces from 1941 to 1945 during World War II, reaching the rank of captain in the 2nd Photo Tech Squadron. Stationed in England, he was part of team that would analyze aerial surveillance for military intelligence.

Atencio retired from The Walt Disney Company in 1984 and was named a Disney Legend in 1996.

References

1919 births
2017 deaths
American animators
Engineers from Colorado
Disney people
Siegfried Köhler (July 30, 1923 in Freiburg im Breisgau – September 12, 2017 in Wiesbaden) was a German conductor and composer of classical music. He worked as general music director of opera houses such as Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden and the Royal Swedish Opera. He conducted premieres of works by Hans Werner Henze and Volker David Kirchner, among others, and revived rarely performed operas. He also composed music for the stage and taught at universities of music in Cologne and Saarbrücken.

References

1923 births
2017 deaths
21st-century German composers
German academics
20th-century German composers
German conductors
People from Freiburg im Breisgau
António Francisco dos Santos (21 February 1948 – 11 September 2017) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

He was ordain to the priesthood in 1972, dos served as auxiliary bishop of the Archbishop of Braga, Portugal, from 2004 to 2006. He then served as bishop of the Diocese of Aviero from 2006 to 2014 and as bishop of the Diocese of Porto from 2014 until his death.

dos Santos died of a heart attack in Porto, Portugal on 11 September 2017 at the age of 69.

References

1948 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Portuguese Roman Catholic bishops
Alfred Gadenne  (31 January 1946 in Luingne – 11 September 2017 in Luingne) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of the Centre démocrate humaniste and Mayor of Mouscron in Hainaut from 2006 until his death in September 2017.

Gadenne was found dead on 11 September 2017 at the age of 71 after having his throat slashed at a graveyard close to his home in Mouscron. Local news report a suspect had handed himself in to police. The suspect is an 18 years inhabitant of Mouscron. He murdered Gadenne because his father (a fireman) had committed suicide after being fired by Gadenne.

Gadenne was an alderman of Mouscron from 1982 to 2006.

He was also a member of the Parliament of Wallonia and the Parliament of the French Community from 2009 to 2014.

References

1946 births
2017 deaths
Belgian mayors
Centre démocrate humaniste politicians
Murder victims
Parti social-chrétien politicians
People from Hainaut (province)
Walloon politicians
The Liri is one of the main rivers in central Italy that flows through the Abruzzo and Lazio regions. It flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea under the name Garigliano.

Geography
The Liri river has a length of  ( as Garigliano), and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . The Liri-Garigliano system has a total drainage basin of .

Course
The Liri river starts on the sides of the Monte Camiciola, part of the Monti Simbruini of central Apennines, at an elevation of about , in the comune of Cappadocia, L'Aquila province, Abruzzo region.

It flows at first to the southeast through a long valley, parallel to the general direction of the Apennines, until it gets to the city of Sora. Before Isola del Liri "Liri Island"), the Liri is joined by the Fibreno river and then it divides into two branches which then rejoin, surrounding the lower part of the town. One branch makes a  high waterfall.
A dam is built on the river after the confluence with the Sacco river, its main tributary, at Ceprano. The last important tributary of the Liri is the Melfa, with which it joins near Aquino. The river forms the border between Lazio and Campania regions and, after Cassino, it joins the Gari river and then it is known as Garigliano. After , the river flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea.

The Liri river flows through 2 regions and 2 provinces. It flows through the following comuni, among others:
 Abruzzo region
 L'Aquila: Cappadocia, Castellafiume, Capistrello, Civitella Roveto, Canistro, Civita d'Antino, Morino, San Vincenzo Valle Roveto, Balsorano
 Lazio region
 Frosinone: Sora, Isola del Liri, Monte San Giovanni Campano, Fontana Liri, Arce, Strangolagalli, Ceprano, San Giovanni Incarico, Aquino, Pontecorvo, San Giorgio a Liri, Sant'Apollinare

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Liri river are:

Left tributaries:
 Fibreno - 12.8 km
 Melfa - 40 km

Right tributaries:
 Sacco - 87 km

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of Italy

References

Rivers of Italy
The dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) is a deciduous conifer that was discovered in 1941. It is native to some parts of China where people called it the "Water Fir". Although this fast-growing tree is planted around arboretums across the world, it is still endangered. It is in the family Cupressaceae.

Cupressaceae
The Super Kings had won the title Four  in succession (2010, 2011and 2018,2021,2023).In 2010, they won the Champions League Twenty20 for the first time and repeated the feat in 2014. The leading run-scorer of the team is Suresh Raina, while the leading wicket-taker is Ravichandran Ashwin.CSK has most records of appearance in playoffs (12) and finals(10) The team has one of the strongest fan base in india. They are current defending champions

Franchise History
In September 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the establishment of the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition to be started in 2008.In January 2008, the BCCI unveiled the owners of eight city-based franchises. The Chennai franchise was sold to the India Cements for $91 million, making it the fourth most expensive team in the league behind Mumbai, Bangalore and Hyderabad.India Cements acquired the rights to the franchise for 10 years.

Team history
During the first player auctions for the inaugural IPL season conducted in January 2008, the Chennai franchise bought a number of contemporary star cricketers such as Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Matthew Hayden, Stephen Fleming, Muttiah Muralitharan and Michael Hussey. Dhoni became the costliest player of the auction, as the Chennai franchise bought him for $1.5 million.The franchise named Dhoni as the captain of the team and appointed Kepler Wessels as the head coach.They played their first game on 19 April 2008 against Kings XI Punjab at Mohali. The Super Kings won the game by 33 runs after posting 240/5 in 20 overs, which was the highest total of the tournament, a record surpassed by themselves in 2010.The Super Kings ended the league stage with eight wins from 14 games and finished third on the points table.They beat the Kings XI Punjab by 9 wickets in the semifinal.The Super Kings faced the Rajasthan Royals in the final of the IPL at Mumbai
. Batting first, the Super Kings scored 163/5 in 20 overs and lost the game by 3 wickets off the final delivery of the match.
In 2010, the Super Kings struggled in the first half of the regular season, winning only two matches out of seven. They won four of their next five games in the season mainly due to the efforts of Murali Vijay and Suresh Raina. After a defeat at home to the Delhi Daredevils, the Super Kings were left with a must-win match against Kings XI Punjab at Dharamsala. The Super Kings won the match by six wickets as they chased down the target of 193 with two balls to spare with skipper Dhoni scoring an unbeaten 54 from 29 balls.Chennai got the third place as they had the better net run rate of the four teams which finished on 14 points.In the semifinal, the Super Kings scored a modest 142/7 in 20 overs against the defending champions Deccan Chargers. But an inspired bowling spell from Doug Bollinger (4/13 in four overs) did the most damage as the Chargers were bowled out for 104. This gave the Super Kings a 38-run victory that took them to the final
. The Super Kings faced the tournament favorites Mumbai Indians at their home ground in the final.Suresh Raina's 57 (35) helped the Super Kings recover from 68/3 after 12 overs to put up 168/5 at the end of their 20 overs. Then, their spin duo of Ravichandran Ashwin and Muralitharan conceded only 41 runs in the 8 overs bowled between them to help the Super Kings won the game by 22 runs and secure their first ever IPL title.With this, the Super Kings also qualified for the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 that was held in South Africa.
In 2013, the Super Kings strengthened their bowling attack by signing up five overseas and five Indian bowlers. In the IPL season, they finished first in the points table with 11 wins from 16 matches and qualified for the Playoffs and 2013 CLT20. This was the first time in six seasons that the Super Kings had was at the top of the league table of the IPL. During the season, they also equaled Royal Challengers Bangalore's 2011 record for most wins in succession in the IPL (7 wins on trot). In the first Qualifier at Delhi against Mumbai Indians, the Super Kings posted 192/1 in 20 overs riding on unbeaten half-centuries from Hussey (86* off 58 balls) and Raina (82* off 42 balls) before bowling out their opponents for 144. Thus they entered the final of the IPL for the fourth time in succession where they would play the same opponents, Mumbai Indians, at Kolkata. At the final, batting first, the Mumbai Indians made 148/9 in their 20 overs
. In reply, the Super Kings were reduced to 39/6 at one stage before an unbeaten half-century from skipper Dhoni took them close to the target. However, Mumbai Indians won the match by 23 runs to win their first ever IPL title. Super Kings opening batsman Michael Hussey, who scored 733 runs that season at an average of 52, won the Orange Cap for the most runs in the season while all-rounder Dwayne Bravo won the Purple Cap for bagging the most wickets (32). The Super Kings gained direct qualification for the 2013 CLT20 which was held in India in September–October. They were placed in Group B alongside Brisbane Heat, Sunrisers Hyderabad, Titans and Trinidad & Tobago. They won their first three games before losing the final group match against Trinidad & Tobago. With 12 points from four matches, the Super Kings progressed to the semifinals where they suffered a 14-run defeat at the hands of the Rajasthan Royals at Jaipur.
In 2014,The Super Kings started the season with a defeat in the opening match, after which they went on to win eight of their next nine matches to take the first spot in the points table. However, they suffered a loss of form towards the end of the regular season which resulted in three consecutive defeats. They won their last league fixture and finished third in the points table and qualified for the Eliminator against the fourth-placed Mumbai Indians. They won the Eliminator at Mumbai by 7 wickets and qualified for the Qualifier. At the Qualifier against Kings XI Punjab, the Super Kings won the toss and elected to field. Punjab went on to score 226/6 in their 20 overs. The Super Kings, in reply, could manage only 202/7 despite a 25-ball 87 from Raina. They crashed out of the IPL, but, on account of finishing third, qualified for the main event of the 2014 CLT20. In the group stage of the CLT20, the Super Kings won two matches, lost one while another match was a no result
. Thus with 10 points they finished second in the group table and qualified for the semifinal where they met the unbeaten team of the other group, Kings XI Punjab. After being put in to bat, the Super Kings posted 182/7 in 20 overs thanks to Bravo who scored a 39-ball 67. Then their bowlers reduced Punjab to 34/6 in the eighth over, and Punjab were eventually bowled out for 117. At the final in Bangalore, the Super Kings faced the IPL champions Kolkata Knight Riders who set them a target of 181 in 20 overs. Raina guided the run-chase with an unbeaten 109 off 62 balls, helping the team to an eight-wicket win and their second CLT20 title. Super Kings spinner Pawan Negi who took 5/22 during Kolkata's innings won the Man of the Match, and Raina, who finished as the highest run-getter of the tournament, was awarded Man of the Tournament.
Controversies
In May 2013, Gurunath Meiyappan, son-in-law of Srinivasan, was arrested by Mumbai Police on charges of placing bets on IPL matches  Meiyappan, who was the Team Principal of the Super Kings, was issued a summons by the Mumbai Police and on interrogation it was found that Meiyappan was in contact with bookies through actor Vindu Dara Singh. Following this, Srinivasan, on 2 June 2013, decided to step aside as BCCI President temporarily until the inquiry into the betting case completed. In February 2014, the three member panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India enquired into the betting case indicted Meiyappan for illegal betting during the 2013 IPL.
On 25 March 2014, the Supreme Court of India issued an ultimatum to the BCCI demanding that Srinivasan either step down as President or be removed from his position. On 14 July 2015, the Supreme Court appointed RM Lodha committee suspended the owners of Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings from the Indian Premier League for a period of two years. On 24 February 2016, the Supreme Court of India agreed to hear a plea for lifting the ban on the Chennai Super Kings.

Awards and Achievements 
2008 Indian Premier League
 Runners-up of 2008 Indian Premier League
 Fair Play Award Winner
 Highest total of the tournament (240/5)
 Centuries: (Michael Hussey 116*)
 Hat-tricks: (Lakshmipathy Balaji and Makhaya Ntini)

2009 Indian Premier League
 Semi-finalists of 2009 Indian Premier League
 Winner of Orange Cap (Matthew Hayden)
 Player of the Tournament (Matthew Hayden)
2010 Indian Premier League
 Champions of the 2010 Indian Premier League
 Fair Play Award Winner
 Highest team total of the tournament (246/5)
 Best bowling figures of the tournament (Doug Bollinger )
 Highest score in the tournament (Murali Vijay 127)
 Centuries (Murali Vijay 127)
 IPL Awards: Best Fielder (Suresh Raina)
 IPL Awards: Most Economical Bowler (Ravichandran Ashwin)

2010 Champions League
 Champions of 2010 Champions League Twenty20
 Winner of Golden Bat (Murali Vijay)
 Highest individual score (Suresh Raina 94*)
 Winner of Golden Wicket (Ravichandran Ashwin)
 Best bowling figures of the tournament(Ravichandran Ashwin 4/18)
 Player of the Tournament (Ravichandran Ashwin)

2011 Indian Premier League
 Champions of the 2011 Indian Premier League
 Fair Play Award Winner
 Won all home matches
2012 Indian Premier League
 Runners-up of 2012 Indian Premier League
 Highest team total of the tournament (222/5)
 Best bowling figure of the tournament (Ravindra Jadeja 5/16)
 Centuries: (Murali Vijay 113)
 1st player to score 2000 runs in IPL (Suresh Raina)

2013 Indian Premier League
 Runners-up of 2013 Indian Premier League
 1st team to register 50 wins in IPL
 Fair Play Award Winner
 Centuries: (Suresh Raina 100*)
 Winner of Orange Cap (Michael Hussey)
 Winner of Purple Cap (Dwayne Bravo)

2014 Indian Premier League
 Semi-Finalists
 Fair Play Award Winner
 First Team to play 100 games in IPL
 Suresh Raina becomes the first player to play 100 games and score 3000 runs in IPL
 Winner of Purple Cap (Mohit Sharma)
2014 Champions League
 Champions of 2014 Champions League Twenty20
 Centuries: (Suresh Raina 109*)
 Player of the Tournament: (Suresh Raina)
 Leading Run-Scorer of the Tournament: (Suresh Raina)
 Best Bowling Figures of the Tournament: (Pawan Negi)
 Maximum Sixes of the Tournament: (Suresh Raina)

2015 Indian Premier league
 Runners Up of 2015 Indian Premier League
 Fair Play Award Winner
 Centuries: (Brendon McCullum 100*)
 Best Bowling Figures: (Ashish Nehra) 4/10 (4 Overs)
 Winner of Purple Cap: (Dwayne Bravo) 26 wickets
 Best catch of the season: (Dwayne Bravo)

References

Indian Premier League
2008 establishments in India
Crowd 
The Chepauk crowd is known to be amongst the most appreciative in the country. The crowd gave a standing ovation to Saeed Anwar after scoring the highest ever ODI score of 194 against India in 1997. The crowd was again appreciative when Pakistan won a Test match in 1999 and the Pakistani team made a lap of honour in appreciation of the spectators' sporting behaviour.

Records of the stadium and in the stadium
India hold the record for the highest score on the ground when they hit 759-7d runs against England in 2016. India hold the record for the lowest score at the ground when England restricted them to just 83. Sunil Gavaskar (1018 runs) had scored the most number of runs in this stadium followed by Sachin Tendulkar (876 runs) and Gundappa Vishwanath (785 runs) in Tests. Anil Kumble (48 wickets) had taken the most wickets in this stadium followed by Kapil Dev (40 wickets) and Harbhajan Singh (39 wickets) in Tests.
Notable events 
 The first ever match of the Ranji Trophy was held on 4 November 1934 between Madras and Mysore at Chepauk. M J Gopalan of Madras bowled the first ball to N Curtis.
 India recorded their first test victory, in their 24th match, against England at Cheupak in 1952.
 The second ever Tied Test in cricket history was played here between India and Australia in 1986.
 Sunil Gavaskar scored his 30th test match century in 1983 breaking Don Bradman's record for most centuries in test cricket.
 Narendra Hirwani's 8 wickets for 61 runs against the West Indies in January 1988 are the best bowling figures by an Indian on Test début and the third overall. As of December 2014, he is the only Indian cricketer to take ten or more wickets in Test debut. Hirwani's figures of 16 wickets for 136 runs in the match are a record for any bowler on début.
 Saeed Anwar of Pakistan scored 194 against India in 1997, the highest ODI score at that time.
On 15 October 2004, Shane Warne surpassed Muttiah Muralitharan's tally of 532 Test wickets to become the highest wicket taker during the time.
 Virender Sehwag scored 319 against South Africa, in the home series in April 2008 in the first Test at M A Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai, having reached 300 off just 278 balls, the fastest triple century in test history. Sehwag became only the third batsman after Donald Bradman and Brian Lara to score two triple centuries in Test Cricket. He scored 257 runs the third day of the match, which was the most runs scored by an individual batsman on a single day of a Test match since 1954.
Sachin Tendulkar has scored more runs in Chepauk than any other venue in India with 876 runs in nine Tests at an average of 87.60.
 On 22 March 2001, India defeated Australia by 2 wickets to clinch the Border Gavaskar Trophy following India's win in Kolkata which ended the 16 match winning streak of Australia in test matches.
India's 387/4 in the fourth innings of the first Test against England in December 2008, became the highest successful run chase in a test match in India.
 MS Dhoni became the first Indian wicket keeper Batsman to score a double century in the first test between 22–26 February 2013 against Australia, which also is the highest score by a wicket keeper captain
 Karun Nair scored 303* not out in the 5th test against England in the home series on 19 December 2016. India declared in the innings on 759–7. He became the 6th youngest batsman to score 300 and the 2nd Indian (after Virender Sehwag) to do so. He was dropped on 34 by England captain Alastair Cook.
References 

Cricket in India
1916 establishments
1910s establishments in India
Buildings and structures in India
Luingne, Picard: Lœne or Lœgne, West Flemish: Lowiegn, Dutch: Lowingen, is a village in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

Luingne is a former municipality. It has been a part of the municipality of Mouscron since 1977. It borders France.

About 4,000 people are living in this village, which has an area of 554 hectares.

Well-known people 
 Alfred Gadenne (1946-2017), mayor of Mouscron

Hainaut (province)
Settlements in Belgium
This is a list of historians. It is sorted by continent.

Africa

Egypt
Samir Farid, d. in 2017

Manetho, lived in the early 3rd century BC

Morocco
Ibn Khaldun, d. in 1406
Abdelhadi Tazi, was a  Moroccan ambassador; d. in 2015

South Africa

Karel Schoeman, he won the Hertzog Prize for prose; d. in 2017

Tunisia
Ibn Khaldun, d. in 1406

Mohamed Talbi, chief of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts; awarded Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour of France; he died in 2017.

Asia

China
Huang Xianfan, d. in 1982

Sima Qian, d. in 	86 BC

Iran
Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi, d. in 2014

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, d. in 923 AD

Japan
Kan'ichi Asakawa, professor (in the U.S.); known for speaking against the growth of militarism in Japan, and trying to prevent war between Japan and the United States; he died in 1948

Laos
Maha Sila Viravong - "an important scholar of traditional Lao literature, history, and culture", according to Encyclopædia Britannica
Thailand
Suthachai Yimprasert, d. in 2017

Vietnam

Đinh Xuân Lâm, d. in 2017

Europe

North  America

Canada
Benoît Lacroix, d. in 2016
Cyril Leonoff, d. in 2016

Dominican Republic

Juan Bosch, was President of the Dominican Republic; d. in 2001

United States
 George Bancroft - known as the "father of American History"; he died in 1891

Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States; he died in 1919

South America

Chile

José Arraño, d. in 2009

Peru
Armando Nieto, died in 2017

Venezuela
Ramón José Velásquez, acting president of Venezuela; d. in 2014

Related pages 
 List of historians

References

Historians, country
This is a list of European historians (by nation).

Belarus

Anatol Hrytskievich, d. in 2015

Belgium
 Henri Pirenne - "one of the most eminent scholars of the Middle Ages and of Belgian national development", says Encyclopædia Britannica; he died in 1935

Croatia
Aleksandar Stipčević, was a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo; d. in 2015

Czechia
Antonín Klimek, d. in  2005
Milan Nakonečný

Estonia
Helmut Piirimäe, died in 2017

Finland

Peter von Bagh, d. in 2014

France
Élisée Reclus
Hilaire Belloc - he was a Member of Parliament for English constituencies; the naturalised Brit, died in 1953.

German
Karl Marx - author of the pamphlet The Communist Manifesto, and Das Kapital; he died in 1883

Great Britain
 Hilaire Belloc - he was a Member of Parliament for English constituencies; the French born and (later) naturalised Brit, died in 1953.

England
Winston Churchill - he was Prime Minister of Great Britain; death - 1965

Wales
Terry Jones - he is a former member of Monty Python.
Hungary
György Szabad,  was the Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary; d. in 2015

Iceland
Snorri Sturluson, author of Younger Edda and Heimskringla; d. in  1241

Ireland

Louis Cullen

 Italy 
Davide Bertolotti
Girolamo Borsieri
Sigismondo Boldoni
Paolo Giovio
Giovanni Battista Giovio
Santo Monti (historian)
Tommaso Porcacchi

Liechtenstein

Peter Kaiser, d. in 1864

Norway
Theoderic (Norwegian historian) - called Norway's first historian; the monk wrote in the 12th century

Portugal
Mário Soares, was Prime Minister of Portugal; d. in  2017

Romania
Ioan P. Culianu, d. in  1991

Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu, a former Minister of Foreign Affairs

Russia
Yuri Bychkov, d. in 2016

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, got the Nobel Prize in literature; he died in 2008

Slovenia
Janko Prunk, is a former Minister for Slovenes outside Slovenia (in the first coalition cabinet of Janez Drnovšek)

Spain
Bautista Álvarez. d. in 2017

Gonzalo Anes, d. in 2014
Salvador de Madariaga, d. in 1978

Sweden
Sweden

 Olle Häger, won Stora Journalistpriset''; d. in 2014

Switzerland

Markus Brüderlin, d. in 2014

Turkey
Afet İnan, d. in  1985

Taner Akçam

Ukraine
Oleksandr Shevchenko, politician; d. in 2016

Related pages 
 List of historians by country
 List of historians

References 

historian
Historians, European
Fluid pressure is a measurement of the force per unit area. Fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces in a closed container. Since a fluid has no definite shape, its pressure applies in all directions. Fluid pressure can also be amplified through hydraulic mechanisms and changes with the velocity of the fluid.

In a fluid column, as the depth increases, the pressure increases as well. Pressure (P) increases because as you go deeper, fluid at a lower depth has to support fluid above it as well. Therefore to define fluid pressure, we can say that it is the pressure at a point within a fluid arising due to the weight of the fluid.

Pressure in liquids is equally divided in all directions, therefore if a force is applied to one point of the liquid, it will be transmitted to all other points within the liquid.

The pressure in fluids can be calculated using the following relation:

P = hρg  (Pressure = Height or Depth of the liquid × Density of the liquid × Gravitational pull (9.81m/s)).
Pressure is a scalar quantity. The SI Unit (International System of Unit) of pressure is the Pascal, or Newton per meter squared (N/m^2). 

Points along the same depth will have the same pressure, while points at different depths will have different pressure. 

An object that is partly, or completely submerged in fluid experiences a greater pressure on its bottom surface than on its top surface. This causes a resultant force upwards. This force is called upthrust, and is also known as buoyancy

For moving containers, the pressure changes,(Acceleration is the acceleration of the container)-.

For a vertical acceleration in the upward direction, the pressure in fluids= P = ρh (g+a)

For a vertical acceleration downward, the pressure in fluids= P = ρh (g-a)

For a horizontal acceleration, the pressure in fluids= tan θ

For any random angle of acceleration, the pressure in fluids= ρh (g + a sinθ)

Pascal's law for pressure at a point
The pressure at a point for a fluid at rest is the same in all directions. This is Pascal's law. However, it is only valid under the continuum medium assumption, i.e, the point must be small but large enough in order that the hypothesis of continuum medium to be valid. If the point is smaller, then thermal fluctuations become important and the pressure (if can be defined at such a level) becomes anything but fluctuation (Brownian motion).

References

Fluid mechanics
DWRK (96.3 FM), branded as 96.3 Democratic FM3, is a 24/7 Soft AC FM radio station. It is owned and operated by Presidential Broadcast Servisce st in the Philippines.

Other websites
Live Stream
Easy Rock website 

Radio stations in the Philippines
Metro Manila
The Subcutaneous tissue is sometimes also called the hypodermis. It is the bottom layer of skin of an animal or plant, right below the dermis, which is below the epidermis. 

The diagram is incorrect by a typo error: The stratum germinativum is the stratum granulosum layer, the stratum basale is also called the stratum germinativum. The stratum lucidum is located below the stratum corneum. The stratum spinosum is also the stratum mucosum. Below the basal later is the papilla, then the dermis layers, below that is hypodermis also known as subcutaneous later which is the adipose (fat) location just above the vessels of lymph and veins and arteries, attaching to the muscles. However, adipose can become expansive and encapsulate around vessels of the lymphatic, veins and the arteries. 

In humans, this is where the body mostly stores fat cells, called adipocyte, and there are also white blood cells and blood vessels.
The hypodermis also connects the muscles of the body to the skin, with something called deep fascia, or connective tissue.

Integumentary system
The University of Western Ontario is a public research university in London, Ontario, Canada. Popularly known as "Western University", it is a co-educational university, It has more than 24,000 students and 306,000 living alumni.

History
The university was founded on 7 March 1878. The supporter was Bishop Isaac Hellmuth of the Anglican Diocese of Huron. The name was "The Western University of London Ontario".

Colleges and universities in Ontario
London, Ontario
List of places burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) is a list of places totally or partly burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913).

Table

Bibliography

Wars of independence
History-related lists
Yasmin Ahmed Almubarak Altwaijri is a Senior Scientist and the Head of Epidemiology Research at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. She looks at the number of times conditions such as  obesity and mental illness occur in Saudi society. She also wants to make changes in the political and social system of Saudi Arabia to promote better health.

Education
Altwaijri studied Community Health at King Saud University in Riyadh, receiving her B.Sc. in 1992. After marrying, she and her husband moved to the United States to attend graduate school. Altwaijri studied with Johanna Dwyer, director of the Frances Stern Nutrition Center at Tufts University's Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy.  She received her M.Sc. from Tufts University in 1996 and her Ph.D in 2002. Her parents strongly encouraged her to have a professional career that would enable her to be financially independent.
Career
Altwaijri  moved from Boston to Saudi Arabia in 2002. She joined King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and started to work for King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh where she leads the epidemiology research center. She is considered one of the top senior scientists in the country.

Altwaijri is concerned with epidemiological studies of the Saudi population, with particular attention to women, children and adolescents. 

One area she is working on is to develop pubertal growth standards for Saudi children. The only standards available to Saudi pediatricians have been based on pubertal characteristics of children in the United States. The problem is that Saudi children are different from American ones. Altwaijri is developing studies of Saudi children that will be sensitive to factors in Saudi life such as socioeconomic standards, diet, and geography.