Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A blackwater river is a river with a deep, slow-moving channel flowing through forested swamps or wetlands. Its colour is caused by the decaying vegetation. As vegetation decays, tannins leach into the water, making a transparent, acidic water that is darkly stained, looking like tea or coffee.

Most rivers in the Amazon Basin and the Southern United States are  blackwater rivers. Not all dark rivers are blackwater in that technical sense. Some rivers in temperate regions, which drain or flow through areas of dark black soil, are black due to the color of the soil. These rivers are black mud rivers or estuaries.

Blackwater rivers are lower in nutrients than whitewater rivers and have ionic concentrations higher than rainwater.  The unique conditions lead to flora and fauna that differ both from whitewater and clearwater rivers.

The classification of Amazonian rivers into black, clear and whitewater was first proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1853.

References 

Rivers
Edmund Ignatius Rice (; 1 June 1762 – 29 August 1844), was a Roman Catholic missionary and educator. Rice was the founder of two religious institutes of monks. In 1808 Rice and several friends took religious vows and became the Presentation Brothers. In 1822, as Brother Ignatius, he was elected Superior general of the Irish Christian Brothers.

In 1779 he became his uncle's apprentice in a merchant business. Rice inherited the business about 1790 after his uncle died. He became a successful businessman. After his wife died he dedicated his life and wealth to helping the poor.

References 

1862 births
1844 deaths
Roman Catholic missionaries
Irish Christian clergy
David Craig Mackay (14 November 1934 – 2 March 2015) was a Scottish football player and manager. 

Mackay was best known for a highly successful playing career with Heart of Midlothian, the Double-winning Tottenham Hotspur side of 1961, and winning the league with Derby County as a manager. He also represented Scotland 22 times, and was selected for their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad.

Mackay died on 2 March 2015 in Nottingham, England at the age of 80.

References

Other websites
 
 Dave Mackay Hearts Career Record 
 Dave Mackay Scotland Record
 Dave Mackay Scotland Football League Record
 Dave Mackay Profile

1934 births
2015 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers from Edinburgh
Scottish football managers
Zamalek SC managers
Joshua Aaron Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן — Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was an American linguist. He specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.

Fishman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died in The Bronx, New York, aged 88.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Educators from Philadelphia
Anthony George Douglas Mason (December 14, 1966 – February 28, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. In his 13-year career he played with the New Jersey Nets, Denver Nuggets, New York Knicks, Charlotte Hornets, Milwaukee Bucks and Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association. 

Mason was born in Miami, Florida. He spend most of his life in Tennessee and in New York City. Mason studied at Tennessee State University.

Mason played for Tennessee State University and played professionally in Turkey, Venezuela, the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) and the United States Basketball League (USBL).

Mason suffered a massive heart attack in early February 2015 and was diagnosed with congestive heart failure. He died on February 28, 2015 in Manhattan, New York at the age of 48 from the illness.

References
References

1966 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
New Jersey Nets players
Denver Nuggets players
New York Knicks players
Milwaukee Bucks players
Miami Heat players
Sportspeople from Miami
Sportspeople from New York City
Sportspeople from Tennessee
People of Tennessee State University
Medford Stanton Evans (July 20, 1934 – March 3, 2015) was an American journalist, author and educator. He was the author of eight books, including Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies (2007). 

Evans was born in Kingsville, Texas. He was raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee and in the Washington, D.C. area. He studied at Yale University. Evans died in Leesburg, Virginia from pancreatic cancer, aged 80.

References

1934 births
2015 deaths
Academics from Alabama
American activists
Writers from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Writers from Texas
Yale University alumni
Enrique José Bolaños Geyer (13 May 1928 – 14 June 2021) was a Nicaraguan politician. He was the President of Nicaragua from 10 January 2002 to 10 January 2007.

Bolaños died in Nindirí, Nicaragua on 14 June 2021, just one month after his 93rd birthday.

References

Other websites
Biography and tenure by CIDOB Foundation  (in Spanish)

1928 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Nicaragua
Vice presidents of Nicaragua
Colonel Arturo Armando Molina (August 6, 1927 – July 19, 2021) was the 36th President of El Salvador. He served between July 1, 1972 and July 1, 1977. Molina was a member of the National Conciliation Party.

Molina died on July 19, 2021 in El Salvador at the age of 93.

References

1927 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of El Salvador
José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes (November 23, 1925 – February 23, 1990) was a Salvadoran politician. He served as President of El Salvador from 1984 to 1989.  He was mayor of San Salvador before running for president in 1972.

Duarte died of stomach cancer in San Salvador at the age of 64.

References

Other websites

 José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes: President of El Salvador  CNN Cold War Profile
 Article about Herbert Sanabria's murder in 1987. 

1925 births
1990 deaths
Presidents of El Salvador
Salvadoran mayors
"All Apologies" is the second single off American rock band Nirvana's third studio album In Utero. The song was released on December 6, 1993. It was released as a double A-side along with the song "Rape Me".

On the Billboard charts, All Apologies ranked at #1 on the Alternative Songs, #4 on the Mainstream Rock, and #45 on the Radio Songs charts.

In 1995, the song was nominated for two Grammy Awards in the categories of Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song in 1995. "All Apologies" won a BMI award winning song. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included the song on their list of "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".

References

Other websites
"All Apologies (MTV Unplugged)" on YouTube

1993 songs
Nirvana (band) songs
Rock ballads
The European green woodpecker (Picus viridis), or European green woodpecker, is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae. It occurs in most of Europe and in western Asia. There are four subspecies. All have green upperparts, paler yellowish underparts, and a red crown.

The woodpecker spends much of its time feeding on ants on the ground and does not often 'drum' on trees like other woodpecker species. It is a shy bird but usually draws attention with its loud calls. A nest hole is excavated in a tree; four to six eggs are laid which hatch after 19–20 days.

It gives a loud call known as  yaffling.

Old deciduous trees for nesting, and nearby feeding grounds with plenty of ants, is essential. This is usually found in semi-open landscapes with small woodlands, hedges, scattered old trees, edges of forests and floodplain forests. Suitable habitats for foraging include grassland, heaths, plantations, orchards and lawns.

References

Other websites 
Weasel on flying woodpecker. BBC News Science & Environment.
Piciformes
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Honeyguides (family Indicatoridae) are near-passerine birds of the order Piciformes.  They are also known as 'indicator birds', or 'honey birds'.

They have an Old World tropical distribution, with most species in Africa and two in Asia. These birds are known for their interaction with humans. One or two species will deliberately lead humans to bee colonies, so that they can feast on the grubs and beeswax that are left behind.

Brooding 
The breeding behavior of eight species in Indicator and Prodotiscus is known. They are all brood parasites that lay an egg in a nest of another species. Most prefer hole-nesting species, often the related barbets and woodpeckers, but Prodotiscus parasitizes cup-nesters such as white-eyes and warblers. Honeyguide nestlings have been known to throw out their host's chicks from the nest. They have hooks on their beaks with which they puncture the hosts' eggs or kill the nestlings.
African honeyguide birds are known to lay their eggs in underground nests of other bee-eating bird species. The honeyguide chicks kill the hatchlings of the host using their needle-sharp beaks just after hatching, much as cuckoo hatchlings do. The honeyguide mother ensures her chick hatches first by internally incubating the egg for an extra day before laying it, so that it has a head start in development compared to the host.

References 

Piciformes
Brood parasites are animals, usually birds, which trick other species to raise their young. The best-known example is the cuckoo. Brood parasitism works because the parasite develops faster than the resident eggs, kills its nestmates and turfs them out of the nest. The adult birds cannot tell the difference in the young, and spend their time raising the offspring of another species. In some cases, the parasite has the ability to make the begging cheeps of the host species.

The strength of defences and counter-adaptation rely on the species' ability to evolve. Some host species have very strong rejection defences. This makes the parasitic species evolving to have very close mimicry. But in other species, hosts do not reject the foreign egg. As a result, the parasitic species shows no egg mimicry.

Similar methods are used by some fish and insects.

References

Parasitism
Birds
Diggiloo is an outdoor summertime show where famous artists tour Sweden. They perform songs accompanied by a live band. It debuted in 2003 with shows only in Båstad. The event became touring in 2004.

References

Other websites

2003 establishments in Europe
Swedish music
2000s establishments in Sweden
Ilha da Queimada Grande is an island off of the coast of São Paulo state in Brazil. The island has earned the nickname of Snake Island. It is the home of the Golden Lancehead Viper (Bothrops insularis), one of the most venomous snakes in the world. The Brazilian Navy bans people from visiting, though some biologists and researchers are able to receive waivers to visit the island.

References

Atlantic islands
Islands of South America
Geography of Brazil
The Sapporo International Ski Marathon is a cross-country skiing marathon in Japan. It was held for first time in 1981 and is a part of Worldloppet since 1985.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

1981 establishments in Japan
Skiing
Sport in Japan
The Dolomitenlauf is a cross-country skiing marathon in Austria. It was first held in 1970 and has been part of Worldloppet as long as Worldloppet has been around.

References

Other websites
Official website

1970 establishments in Europe
Skiing
Sport in Austria
Tyrol (state)
1970s establishments in Austria
The Gatineau Loppet, earlier known as Rivière Rouge, Gatineau 55 and Keskinada Loppet, is a cross-country skiing marathon in Canada. It is usually held in February outside Gatineau in the Québec Province. It was held for first time in 1979 and has been part of Worldloppet since then.

References

Other websites
Official website

1979 establishments in Canada
Skiing in Canada
Sport in Quebec
David Usher (born April 24, 1966) is an British-born Canadian rock singer-songwriter. He is the lead singer of the alternative rock band Moist.

Usher was born in Oxford, England. He lived in many different places such as Malaysia, New York City, California and Thailand before his family decided to finally settle in Kingston, Ontario. Usher attended high school at Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute and he attended Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. He majored in political science. While attending Simon Fraser, Usher formed Moist with guitarist Mark Makowy and keyboardist Kevin Young.

Usher is also a humanist, and he has been involved in causes like War Child Canada, White Ribbon Campaign and Amnesty International. He was featured in the 2001 MuchMusic special Musicians in the WarZone, a humanitarian documentary which was produced by War Child Canada and was directed by filmmaker Liz Marshall.

Discography
Discography

Studio albums
with Moist
 Silver (1994)
 Creature (1996)
 Mercedes Five and Dime (2000)
 Machine Punch Through: The Singles Collection (2001)
 Glory Under Dangerous Skies (2014)

solo
 Little Songs (1998)
 Morning Orbit (2001)
 Hallucinations (2003)
 If God Had Curves (2005)
 Strange Birds (2007)
 Wake Up and Say Goodbye (2008)
 The Mile End Sessions (2010)
 Songs from the Last Day on Earth
 Let It Play (2016)

References

Other websites
Official website

1966 births
Canadian rock musicians
Canadian singer-songwriters
Humanists
Living people
Musicians from Ontario
People from Oxford
The Ushuaia Loppet is a cross-country skiing marathon in Argentina. It was first held in 1986.

References

Other websites
Official website

1986 establishments
Skiing
Sport in Argentina
20th-century establishments in Argentina
The Bieg Piastów is a cross-country skiing marathon in Poland. It was held for first time in 1976  and is part of Worldloppet since 2008.

References

Other websites
Official website

1976 establishments in Europe
Skiing
Sport in Poland
20th-century establishments in Poland
The Tuskegee Airmen  is the popular name for a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II. Formally, they formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces. The name also applies to the crew members and support personnel. Their units were all black and all segregated. They had an outstanding record. As fighter escorts they had the reputation that not a single bomber was lost to enemy action while being escorted by Tuskegee airmen. 

The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African-American military aviators in the United States Armed Forces. During World War II, Black Americans in many U.S. states were still subject to the Jim Crow laws. Most Tuskegee pilots were trained at Tuskegee Army Airfield in Tuskegee, Alabama. Training bomber crews took longer than training fighter pilots and the war was won before they finished. Navigators and other crew members trained at various army based in the US.

References
References 

United States Army
1940 establishments in the United States
1950s disestablishments in the United States
1952 disestablishments
The Demino Ski Marathon is a cross-country skiing marathon in Russia. It was held for first time on 2007 and was appointed as a Worldloppet event in June 2012.

References

Other websites
Official website

2007 establishments in Russia
Skiing
Sport in Russia
The Merino Muster is a cross-country skiing marathon on the South Island of New Zealand. It was held for first time in 1995 and is part of Worldloppet since 2014.

References

Other websites
Official website

1995 establishments
Skiing
Sports competitions in New Zealand
1990s establishments in New Zealand
East London is the northeastern part of London. It is east of the City of London.

It does not have an official definition. The idea has its origins in 1720 as "That part beyond the Tower". By 1950 it was called East London and included all of Greater London east of the City of London and north of the River Thames. This area now makes up the London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. It includes one of the highest ethnic minority populations in the country, mostly families of South Asian origin.

The East End of London is a subset of East London, corresponding to areas closer to the ancient City. 

The early development of London eastward was caused by shipping on the River Thames. There were docks and shipbuilding. These industries declined after World War II. Felixstowe is now used as the main container port of southern England. East London is now an area of regeneration.
Areas further east developed in the Victorian and Edwardian eras following the expansion of the railways in the 19th century.  In Tower Hamlets the population peaked in 1891 and growth was restricted to the outer boroughs. By 1971 the population had peaked in every borough and the entire area was experiencing population decline. By the time of the 2011 census this had reversed and every borough had some growth in population.

Many famous places like Spitalfields, Brick Lane and Shoreditch are in East London.

References

Geography of London
Allister is an American punk rock band from Chicago, Illinois.

Career
The band was formed in 1995 under the name Phineas Gage by high school classmates Tim Rogner and John "Johnny" Hamada. Eric "Skippy" Mueller later joined the band in 1996. In 1996, the band changed their name to Allister, to pay tribute to Alasdair Gillis from the Canadian TV show You Can't Do That on Television. The band released their debut studio album, Dead Ends and Girlfriends in 1999 through Drive-Thru Records.

Their second studio album Last Stop Suburbia was released on October 1, 2002. Their song "Somewhere On Fullerton" from Last Stop Suburbia was featured in the 2003 video game Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure.
Band members 
Current
Tim Rogner — Drums, percussion, lead and backing vocals (1995—2000); rhythm and lead guitar, lead and backing vocals (2000—2007, 2010—present)
Scott Murphy — Bass guitar, lead and backing vocals (1998—2007, 2010—present)
Kyle Lewis — lead guitar, backing vocals (2003—2007, 2010—present)
Buddy "Goldfinger" Schaub — Tenor trombone and backing vocals (1993—present)

Former
John Hamada — lead guitar, backing and lead vocals (1995—2002); backing vocals (July 20, 2007)
Eric "Skippy" Mueller — bass guitar, backing vocals (1996—1998); rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1998—2000)
David Rossi — drums, percussion (2000—2003)
Chris Rogner — lead guitar, backing vocals (2002—2003); rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals (2007)

Discography

Studio albums
Dead Ends and Girlfriends (1999)
Last Stop Suburbia (2002)
Before the Blackout (2005)
Countdown to Nowhere (2010)
Life Behind Machines (2012)

References
References

1995 establishments in Illinois
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical groups from Chicago
Pop punk bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
2007 disestablishments in the United States
2000s disestablishments in Illinois
Musical groups established in 2010
2010 establishments in Illinois
Bio-Dome is a 1996 American stoner comedy movie. It was directed by Jason Bloom. It was produced by Bradley Jenkel, Brad Krevoy, and Steven Stabler. Bio-Dome was released on January 12, 1996.

The movie got negative reviews from critics. It has a 5% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Shore co-won a Razzie Award for Worst Actor and was tied with Tom Arnold who had won for Big Bully, Carpool and The Stupids.
Cast 
 Pauly Shore as Bud "Squirrel" Macintosh
 Adam Weisman as young Bud
 Stephen Baldwin as Doyle "Stubs" Johnson
 Robbie Thibault, Jr. as young Doyle
 William Atherton as Dr. Noah Faulkner
 Joey Lauren Adams as Monique
 Teresa Hill as Jen
 Rose McGowan as Denise
 Kylie Minogue as Dr. Petra von Kant
 Dara Tomanovich as Mimi Simkins
 Henry Gibson as Dr. William Leaky
 Patricia Hearst as Mrs. Johnson
 Roger Clinton as Professor Bloom
 Taylor Negron as Russell
 Jeremy Jordan as Trent
 Channon Roe as Roach
 Trevor St. John as Parker
 Butch McCain as reporter Joachim West
 Ben McCain as news anchor Aries West
 Jack Black and Kyle Gass as Tenacious D
 Phil LaMarr and Paul Eiding as Assistants
 Phil Proctor as Axl
 Rodger Bumpass as Narrator

References

Other websites 

1996 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Buddy movies
English-language movies
AIDS is a computer virus that infects .COM and .EXE files. In MS-DOS, the .COM and .EXE files run programs including the operating system. When a computer is infected with this virus, it loads the virus into the computer memory. There, the AIDS virus may infect another .COM or .EXE file each time it is run. AIDS writes on the first 13,952 bytes of an infected executable file. These corrupted files have to be deleted and replaced by non-corrupted backups to remove the virus.  

This virus is also known as the "Hahaha virus" in Europe. IBM calls it the "Taunt virus". When an infected computer starts up, it displays a message, with AIDS covering about half of the screen. The system is then halted. It is impossible to recover the original information of the file on the rewritten part.

References 

Malware
Giles Corey ( August 1611 – September 19, 1692) was accused of witchcraft along with his wife Martha Corey during the Salem Witch Trials. After being arrested for witchcraft, Corey refused to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. As a result he was pressed to death.

References 

Salem Witch Trials
1611 births
1692 deaths
Maha Al Muneef (Arabic:  مها عبدالله المنيف) is a pediatrician from Saudi Arabia. She specializing in infectious diseases in children. Al-Muneef won an International Women of Courage Award in 2014.

Work

Shura Council 

From 2009 to 2013, Al Muneef was a member of Saudi Arabia's Shura Council.

The National Family Safety Program 

 Maha Al Muneef is the executive director of the National Family Safety Program (NFSP) in Saudi Arabia.  Al Muneef worked to spread knowledge about domestic violence and child abuse. The NFSP was created in 2005 in order to combat domestic violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia. The NFSP started support programs, gave information about the numbers of attacks on women and children in Saudi Arabia, and worked to help people who were attacked or hurt.

The "Protection from Abuse" law
In August 2013, the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia passed a new law to protect people who are attacked or hurt by members of their own family. Al Muneef and the NFSP helped to write the "Protection from Abuse" law. The law describes and explains the meaning of domestic violence and makes it illegal in Saudi Arabia for the first time.

Awards 

In 2014, Maha Al Muneef received the International Women of Courage Award.

U.S. President Obama presents award in Riyadh
The US President Barack Obama presented the award to Al Muneef during his visit to Riyadh on March 29, 2014.  Al-Muneer could not be at the March 4 ceremony in the United States for family health reasons. She received the award in a private ceremony at the Ritz Carlton hotel, where Obama stayed. Obama spoke about the importance of women's rights in Saudi Arabia, and the importance of helping the Saudi king understand this importance.  Obama told Al-Muneef he was “so very, very proud of you and grateful for all the work you’re doing here." He added, “I’m looking forward to seeing you do even more wonderful things in the future.”

References

Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Saudi Arabian physicians
1960 births
King Saud University alumni
Saudi Arabian women's rights activists
Swept Away is a 2002 romantic comedy movie. Madonna plays Amber Leighton. Elizabeth Banks plays Debi. Jeanne Tripplehorn plays Marina.

The movie received bad reviews from the movie critics. It was a box office bomb. It made only $1,036,000, compared to the ten million dollars it cost to make. It received a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture of 2002.

Other websites
 
 
 

2002 romantic comedy movies
Italian romance movies
Italian comedy movies
Movies set in Greece
Movies set in Italy
Movies directed by Guy Ritchie
Maureen Brigid Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is an American columnist for The New York Times. She is also a best-selling author. She worked for Time magazine in the 1970s and 1980s. She worked for the Washington Star. She first joined The New York Times in 1983.

In 1999, Dowd received a Pulitzer Prize. It was for her series of columns on the Monica Lewinsky scandal in the Clinton administration.

She was born in Washington, D.C..

References

American journalists
1952 births
Living people
Pulitzer Prize winners
Nada Se Compara Contigo (Nothing Compares to You) is the tenth studio album released by Salvadoran performer Álvaro Torres. It was released on November 19, 1991. The album received a nomination for Latin Pop Album of the Year at the 5th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards.

Tracklist

Chart performance 

1991 albums
Spanish-language albums
Ricardo Montaner is the first studio album recorded by Argentine-Venezuelan singer-songwriter Ricardo Montaner. It was released by TH-Rodven in early 1987 (see 1987 in music). It reached #1 on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart.

Track listing

© MCMLXXXVI. TH-Rodven Records. Inc.

Chart performance

References

1987 albums
Spanish-language albums
Debut albums
Chayanne es Mi Nombre is the solo album debut from Puerto Rican artist Chayanne, after he left Los Chicos. It was released on RCA Ariola in July 1984.

Track listing

Music videos
Chayanne es mi Nombre
¿...Y Qué Culpa Tengo Yo?
De Dos en Dos
Chicos Malos

References

1984 albums
This a list of later medieval artists. It begins in the 13th century (1200s) and includes famous painters and sculptors.

Each artist is listed with their dates, place of birth, some places that they worked, their media (the type of artwork that they made), one or two most famous works and some art galleries where their works can be seen.

Late Medieval artists
Italian Byzantine
These artists, before the Renaissance, painted in the style of Greek icons. Their paintings were important to the education of many Renaissance painters, and were to be seen in the churches where the Renaissance painters worked, and worshipped. Often an altarpiece by one of these artists was surrounded by frescoes by the Renaissance painters who lived 150 to 200 years later. A famous Madonna and Child by Coppo di Marcovaldo stood above the altar where Masaccio, Masolino and Filippo Lippi painted the walls of the Brancacci Chapel. Giotto, who is thought of as the first Renaissance painter, was educated by Cimabue, one of the great masters of the Late Byzantine style.

Italian Proto-Renaissance 
Proto-Renaissance artists worked before 1400 in Italy when the Renaissance style was slowly developing.

International Gothic
Artists from many parts of Europe worked in a decorative Gothic style. 
 

artists
County Tyrone is a county of Northern Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster. Tyrone is the eighth largest county by area on the island of Ireland. It is the largest county by area in Northern Ireland. Tyrone is the tenth largest county by population on the island of Ireland. It is the fourth-largest county by population in Northern Ireland.

Name
The name Tyrone come from the Irish Tír Eoghain, which means "land of Eoghan".

Demographics
County Tyrone is one of the four counties in Northern Ireland to have more people from a Catholic community background. In the year 1900 the population of Tyrone was 197,719. As of the 2011 census, it was 177,986.

References
Stock in cooking (cuisine) is a liquid flavoring base for soups and sauces. It is a flavoured liquid preparation, and is the basis of many dishes. 

The ideas go back to Carême, and were simplified by Escoffier. 

A stock is made by simmering  animal bones and/or meat, fish, or vegetables in water and/or wine. mirepoix or other aromatics are added for more flavour. Mirepoix is a mixture of onions, carrots, celery, and sometimes other vegetables. Many use ready-made ingredients like Oxo cubes or bouillon cubes. It is possible to make stock more quickly with a pressure cooker.

Fish stock, however, is cooked for only twenty minutes or so. 

Stock lasts for three or four days in the fridge, but can be boiled again, and stored again.

Notes 

Cooking methods
Oggy and the Cockroaches is a French animated television series. It was created in 1997, by Jean-Yves Raimbaud. The main characters are Oggy, Joey, Marky, Dee Dee and Jack. Season 4 onwards include the additions of Olivia and Bob. It is slapstick comedy with a good deal of comic violence. The 5th and 6th seasons premiered on June 30, 2017 and on May 16, 2017 based off of the chronological themes of the movie. Season 7 premeired on March 19, 2018 while season 8 premeired on May 7, 2020 remaking previous episodes.

The show got adapted into a film in 1997, titled Oggy and the Cockroaches: The Movie, centering around Oggy's adventures in four timelines. In September 2020, the show was reported to be rebooted as Oggy and the Cockroaches: Next Generation, a series about Oggy taking care of a seven-year old female elephant named Piya from India. In August 2021, a CGI spin-off centering around a younger Oggy was made for younger children, called Oggy Oggy.

Episodes
Season 1
 Bitter Chocolate
 It's All Under Control
 French Fries
 Mission Oggy
 It's Been a Hard Day's Noise
 The Patient
 Shake Oggy Shake
 The Rise and the Fall
 It's a Small World
 Happy Birthday
 Metamorphosis
 Jealousy
 Wrong Side of the Bed
 Go Slow with Your Dough
 Tooth Good to be True
 One Track Life
 Mouseagator
 9 Months and Counting
 A Tip for the Road
 The Outsider
 Baby Doll
 So Lonely
 Oggy and the Giant Roaches
 Oggy and the Babies
 The Carnival's in Town
 A Dog Day Afternoon
 Fishing Frolic
 Rock 'n Roll Altitude
 It's a Long Way Down
 Oggy's Night Out
 The Time Machine
 Oggy's Diet
 Globulopolis
 Occupied
 House for Rent
 The Lottery Ticket
 The Bait Bites Back
 Deep End
 Space Roaches
 Granny's Day
 Toy's R Oggy
 Memory Lane
 The Hiccup
 Oggy Goes Snailing
 Cat Kit
 Docu-mentally
 The Dictator
 Oggy vs Super Roach
 Beware of Destruction
 Heatwave
 Oggy and the Magic Flute
 A Bird of Ill Omen
 Duck Soup
 Winner Takes All
 The Ghost-Hunter
 Bugball
 Happy Campers
 The Piggy Bank
The Piggy Bank
 Oggy's Clone
 A Truce for Christmas
 TV Obsession
 Race to the Finish
 Monster from the Mud Lagoon
 The Garden of Horrors
 Caught in a Trap
 Blue Sunday
 Cloning Around
 3 Wishes and Your Out
 Virtual Voyage
 The Abominable Snow Moth
 The Neighbor's Cat
 A Night at the Opera
 Honeymoon
 Loony Balloons
 Beachcombers
 Emergency Room
 Oggy and the Magic Broom
 Oggy Van Winkle
Season 2
 Fame & Glory
 Hide and Sick
 Love and Kisses
 Milk Diet
 Wash Day
 Crazy Shopping
 Ski Bugs
 All Out of Shape
 Roachy Redneck
 Hit the Road Oggy!
 Penguin Pandemonium
 That's the Last Straw!
 Perpetual Motion
 Life's a Beach
 Saving Private Dee Dee
 Laughing Gas
 Hip Hip Hip Hypnoses
 Missing in Action
 Take Cover
 Copy Cat
 High Flyers
 The Wonder Whistle
 The Hungry Ostrich Empire
 Golf Curse
 Working Cat
 Beware of the Bodyguard
 My Beautiful Prison
 Go for it, Jack!
 Do Not Lean out of the Window
 Soldier for a Day
 7 Minutes & Counting
 Mayday! Mayday!
 Warning! Boa on the Run
 Un-Bear-able Bears
 The Techno-Files
 Keep Cool!
 The Joker Joked
 Saturday Black Fever
 Green Peace
 Face Off
 Walls Have Ears
 Sleepless Night
 Off Limits
 The Pied Bagpiper
 Lost in Space
 Paper Chase
 Penalty Shot
 Oggy's Puzzled
 The Pumpkin that Pretended to be a Ferrari
 Going Up
 Don't Rock the Cradle
 Pharonuf
 Sitcom
 Homebreaker
 Magic Carpet Ride
 Flower Power
 Safari, So Good…
 Joey and the Magic Bean
Control Freak
 What a Dump
 Sea Risks…
 Mission to Earth
 Oggy's Bag
 Jack in a Box
 A Tooth for a Tooth
 The Blob
 Upside Down
 Barbecue
 Boxing Fever
 Baby Boum
 Oggy has Kittens
 Up to No Good!
 Sky Diving
 Brainchild
 Welcome to Paris
 Black & White
 Strike!
 Chatter Box
Season 3
 Octopus
 Sheepcat
 Night Watchmen
 Abandoned Cockroaches
 V.I.P Party
 Scuba Diving
 Oggy and the Magic Shoes
 Casino
 Santa Oggy
 Just Married!
 Living Carrots
 First Flight
 Trans-Amazonian
 Castaway Cats
 Invincible
 Inside Out
 Priceless Roaches
 The World Underneath
 Golden Eggs
 Termite-ator
 The Mini Golf War
 Oggywood
 Horse Ride
 Oggy's Crab
 The Fugitive
 Locked Outside
 The Ancestor
 Surf's On
 Hold Up
 Oggy Pizza Express
 Oggy's Grandma
 Cartoon Lesson
 Ugly, Dirty and Good
 Moving Out
 To Serve and Protect
 Deep Trouble
 Formula 1
 Oggy's Double
 The Cicada and the Cockroach
Season 4
 Olivia
 The Lighthouse Keeper
 Dump the Roaches!
 Dee Dee's Diet
 A Jealous Guy
 Let's Party, Guys!
 Airship House
 Panic Room
 Into the Wild
 Washing Day
 Lightning Visit
 Oggy's Shadow
 Buddy Parrot
 The Magic Pen
 The Cube
 A Charming Guy
 Fly for Fun
 Olivia's Pimple
 The Ice Rink
 For Real
 Fly to the Sun
 Run, Olivia, Run!
 Mind the Giant!
 A Soft World
 Sport Fans
 The Kitchen Boy
 Mister Cat
 The Easter Egg
 Journey to the Center of the Earth
 Butterfly Race!
 Oggy Goes Green
 Now You See Me, Now You Don't
 What a Lousy Day!
 Jack's Nephew
 Roommate Wanted
 The Bathtub Race
 Inspector Dee Dee
 Hep Taxi!
 Happy Camper!
 A Streetcar on the Loose
 Grease-Monkey Oggy
 Farmer for a Day
 Oggy Splits Hairs
 Little Tom Oggy
 Don't Barge In!
 Artsy Oggy
 A Five-Legged Sheep
 Oggy and the Magic Smile
 Water Sports
 Caviar on the House
 Party Pooper
 Scaredy-Cat
 North Pole Panic
 Skate Fever
 Dream On!
 Lady K
 Oggy and the Dodo Bird
 Steamed Out!
 Picnic Panic
 Lights Out
 Wrestling Time!
Wrestling Time!
 Teleportation
 Oggy and the Flour Man
 The Cucaracha
 The Abominable Snow Roach
 High Rise Nightmare
 Bicycle Crazy!
 Oggy and the Mermaid
 Back to the Past!
 Wake-up My Lovely!
 From Mumbai with Love
 Very Special Deliveries
 Shoplifting!
 Oggy is Getting Married!
Season 5
 The Great Pyramid Mystery
 Oggy and the Grasshopper Cloud
 Oggy on the Nile
 Gladiator Oggy
 Shift that Chariot, Oggy!
 Oggy's Special Spa
 RodeOggy
 Sheriff Oggy
 Wanted
 The Green Thumb
 Oggy, the King's Coachman
 The Levee of the King
 Marky's Tournament
 The Roaches Seize the Castle
 The Hunchback from the Cathedral
 A Gorilla in Town
 Oggy and the Tramp
 Dee Dee Capone
 Oggy and the Treasure
 The Octopus Masters
 The Precious Panda
 Fragile Goods!
 Baby Sitting for the Emperor
 The Tiger Hunt
 Oggy the Fakir
 Cockroaches Play Cricket
 Oggy's Dragon
 Beware the Longship
 Oggy, The Lord of Lightning
 Oggy's 1001 Nights
 A Touch of Genius
 Moonshot Movie
 Lead Wings
 Oggy's Invention
 In the Glare of the Sun
 Gold Fever
 Sacrificial Special
 Rock Bottom
 Mission Apolloggy
 The Race to the North Pole
 Jackoromeo and Bobette
 Masquerade
 Marky Da Vinci
 Emperor for a Day
 My Kingdom for a Teddy
 Oggy and the Hieroglyphs
 On the High-Yurt-Way
 Xanadu Milk
 The Yak Festival
 Housework in Orbit
Housework in Orbit
 The Cockroaches' Awakening
 The Intruder from Space
 The First Samurai
 Oggy-Sumo
 Oggy Manga Star
 Color Conflict
 Wheeling and Dealing
 The Big Move
 The Incredible Four
 Metalman
 Z Men to the Rescue
 Mythologgy
 Oggy's 12 Labors
 Oggy and the Minotaur
 The Pig Curse
 Oggy and the Short-Sighted Cyclops
 Oggy and the Misty Mermaids
 Bananas of Wrath
 The Jungle Child
 The Statues’ Awakening
 Below My Tree
 Head in the Clouds
 Super Temor
 Oggy and the Legend of Excalibur
 Oggy and the Search for the Grail
 Morgan the Fairy
Season 6
 Crackdown on the Fridge
 Laughter Forbidden
 Cockroach vs. Mouse
 Strong Coffee
 Jack's Kit
 Cute Little Puppy
 The Great Invasion
 Tooth Exchange
 Oggy's Costume
 Mamma Oggy
 Oggy and the Kittens
 The Winning Ticket
 Super Dee Dee
 Alone at Last
 Snack Time
 Doll Idol
 Ups and Downs
 Bless You Oggy!
 The Loot
 Roach Charmer
 A Crazy Carpet
 Wake-Up Oggy!
 Wild Flight
 Bouncing Ball
 Cockroach Oggy
 An Intrusive Neighbor
 Serenade for a Monster
 A Shockproof Denture
 A Rebel Bait
 A Wild Train Ride
 Bad Luck Day
 Oggy Cat Trainer
 The Tenants
 Chocolate Wars
 Nature's Call
 Flying Lesson
 Crazy Driving!
 Puzzle Mania
 Special Deliveries
 Under the Sun
 Abracadabra
 A Voracious Pet
 TV Addict
 Sweet Teddy-Bear
 Oggy Robot
 Christmas Spirit
 A Crazy Week-End
 The Challenge
 Soccer Fever
 Lost at Sea
 Deep into the Wild
 Wacky Garden Party
 Bath Time!
 Bowling Champions
 Oggy's Sister
 A Fit Body for Oggy
 Oggy's Brand New Face
 Thunder Oggy
 Destruction Work in Progress
 A Greedy Friend
A Greedy Friend
 What's on the Menu
 Good Night, Don't Sleep Tight
 Beach Havoc
 Itsy-Bitsy Oggy
 Magic Laundry Bag
 Bodyguard Oggy
 Playing Dough
 Remote Controlled
 Locked Out
 Brain Control
 An Unwanted Customer
 Green Trouble
 Cyber-Oggy
 Whistle Power
 The Delights of Camping
 Bad Sport
 Showtime!
 Hiccup Treatment
Season 7
 Library Hysteria
 Well Guarded Gold
 The Black Gold Rush
 Oggy the Babysitter
 Ghost Hunting
 The Whiz-Kid
 Drone Out of Control
 Oggy's Exoskeleton
 The Sacred Roaches
 Bleached!
 Wild Rides at the Fair
 Oggy's Jungle
 Xmas Tree Quest
 Panic In the Air
 Oggy's Beach Club
 Oggy and the not So Smart Bracelet
 Zen Oggy
 Oggy Snail Farmer
 Extreme Indoor Sports
 Mouse Attack
 The Power of Love
 Oggy's Teddy Bear
 Guess Who's in the Fridge?
 The Roaches' Move
 Freefall Jump
 Oggy at Top Speed
 Inside Oggy
 Roach Vision
 Welcome to Mars
 Roach Express
 Oggymon Go
 Broom Driving
 Oggy Learns to Swim or Not
 Lend Me a Hand, Oggy!
 Oggy's Vacations
 Dumpster Driving
 Oggy at the Opera
 Oggy Copy Cat
 A Roachneck Cousin
 Sharing Oggy
 Oggy's Elevator
 A Very Special Treatment
 Oggy Cranes his Neck
 And the Winner is… Dee Dee
 Oggy Goes to Paris
 Vertigo!
 High Security Fridge
 The Golf Pro
 At the Stroke of Midnight
 Alien Roaches
 The Laugh Box
 Hide and Go Whiskers!
 Where's the Exit?
 Brainy Roaches
Brainy Roaches
 Nursing the Neighbor
 Space Journey
 Boxing Match
 Freezing Cold
 A Dreamy Cruise
 Hypnotic Oggy
 Life's a Zoo
 Fishing Frenzy
 Snake and Snacks
 The Big Bad Wolf
 Poor Sports
 The Giant Roaches
 The Food Dispenser
 Up, Up and Up!
 General Jack
 Back to School
 Fake News
 The Machine
 Whose Turn to do the Dishes?
 Blah Blah Blah
 Alpine Antics
 Oggy's Got Talent!
 The Witch Hunt
 Run for Shelter
Characters

Main

The Cats
 Oggy (voiced by Don Michael Paul) is a laid-back cat with some childlike aspects.
 Jack (voiced by Greg Eagles) is Oggy's cousin, but unlike him, he is more rough-and-tumble.

The Cockroaches
 Joey (voiced by Tony Sampson) is the leader. Some of his schemes may involve his want for money.
 Marky (voiced by Sam Vincent) is the laid-back brother of the trio.
 Dee Dee (voiced by Matt Hill) is the glutton of the trio. He's also an opera singer and does detective work in two separate episodes.

Recurring
 Monica (voiced by Tara Strong) is Oggy's twin sister who's a tomboy in rollerskates. She was also Jack's love interest.
 Bob (voiced by Peter Kelamis) was Oggy's neighbor, who gets angry whenever Oggy unintentionally stumbles upon his property.
 Olivia (voiced by Tara Strong) is a female cat who loves nature and doesn't mind the three cockroaches. Debuted in season 4 as Oggy's crush and later girlfriend.
Broadcast 
The show first premiered on France 3 on September 6, 1998, and moved to Canal Family on a unknown year in 2000s, Before Gulli was released in France, The show premiered on Canal J on November 17, 2005, On 2007, refences was on Cartoon Network and DSN, Co-production released this show on DSN on September 3, 2007, When the Cartoon Network was in end credits in Season 5, The show premiered on Cartoon Network on December 16, 2017, Now the reboot is on Netflix.

References 

American children's television series
French animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
1998 television series debuts
1990s animated television series
2000s animated television series
2010s animated television series
2020s animated television series
English-language television programs
Lily Serna (born 5 July 1986) is an Australian mathematician and television presenter. She is best known for co-presenting the SBS game show Letters and Numbers from 2010 until 2012 and the cooking show Destination Flavour since later 2012.

Serna was born in Jerusalem. She moved to Sydney with her family when she was eight years old.

References

Other websites
 
 

1986 births
Living people
Australian television presenters
Australian mathematicians
People from Sydney
TACA Airlines (Transportes Aereos del Continente Americano) is an airline from El Salvador. In 2009 it was merged with Avianca. The two airlines continued to operate separately. TACA has had two major air crashes since 1970.

Gallery

References 

1931 establishments in North America
El Salvador
Airlines of North America
20th-century establishments in El Salvador
2013 disestablishments in North America
Allegiant Air is an American low-cost airline. Owned by Allegiant Travel Company, it operates scheduled and charter flights. Allegiant Travel Company is a publicly traded company with 1,693 employees and over $2 billion USD in market capitalization. The corporate headquarters are in Enterprise, Nevada, a suburb of Las Vegas. Allegiant and and the Las Vegas Raiders co-own the Allegiant Stadium, scheduled to host Super Bowl LVIII in February 2024.

Gallery

References 

Airlines of the United States
Las Vegas
Low-cost airlines
1997 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Nevada
The Half Sisters is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by GMA Network.

Cast 
 Barbie Forteza as  Diana Mercado Valdicañas
 Thea Tolentino as Ashley Mercado Alcantara
 Derrick Monasterio as Sebastian 'Baste' David
 Andre Paras as Bradley 'Brad' Castillo
 Jean Garcia as Karina 'Rina' Mercado / Alexa Robbins
 Jomari Yllana as Benjamin 'Benjie' Valdicañas / Mang Tonyo and Noli de Santos
 Ryan Eigenmann as Alfred Alcantara
 Eula Valdez as Isabel dela Rhea / Ysabela Zuñiga-Valdicañas

References

Other websites
Official website

2014 Philippine television series debuts
Philippine television series
Currying is a technique used in mathematics and computer science that consists of changing a function that takes several arguments into a number of functions that each take one argument. Mathematicians Moses Schönfinkel and Gottlob Frege laid the groundwork for this technique, which is named after Haskell Brooks Curry. Currying is used in Lambda calculus. Some programming languages, such as ML and Haskell say that functions can only have one argument.

References

Mathematics
Joko Widodo (Javanese: ꦗꦑ꧈ꦮꦶꦢꦢ Gêdrìk: Jåkå Widådå; O-Javanese: Jaka Widada; born 21 June 1961), also known as Jokowi (Javanese: ꦗꦑꦮꦶ), is an Indonesian politician and former businessman.

Jokowi is a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). He started his career as Mayor of Surakarta from 28 July 2005 until 1 October 2012. Then, he was Governor of Jakarta from 15 October 2012 until 16 October 2014. He has been President of Indonesia since 20 October 2014. His Vice President is Jusuf Kalla. Jokowi was elected President of Indonesia in the April 2019 presidential election.

Widodo was born in Surakarta, Central Java. He is a Muslim. He has been married to Iriana since 1986. They have three children. He is also a Heavy metal music fan. He graduated from the Faculty of Forestry at the Gadjah Mada University.

References

Other websites

 

|-

|-

1961 births
Living people
Presidents of Indonesia
Indonesian businesspeople
Engineers
Indonesian Muslims
Villa Vizcaya, now named the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, is the former villa and estate of businessman James Deering. The house is on Biscayne Bay in Coconut Grove Miami, Florida. Deering made the Deering McCormick-International Harvester fortune,

The estate is on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a National Historic Landmark.

The estate property was originally 180 acres (730,000 m2) of shoreline mangrove swamps and dense inland native tropical forests. Being a conservationist, Deering sited the development of the estate portion along the shore to conserve the forests. The villa was built mostly between 1914 and 1922. The building of the extensive elaborate Italian Renaissance gardens and the village continued into 1923.
The Vizcaya estate includes the gardens, native woodland landscape and a historic village compound. The landscape and architecture were influenced by Veneto and Tuscan Italian Renaissance models and designed in the Mediterranean Revival architecture style, with Baroque elements. Paul Chalfin was the design director.

Miami-Dade County now owns the Vizcaya property, as the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, which is open to the public. 'Villa Vizcaya' is served by the Vizcaya Station of the Miami Metrorail.

References 

Buildings and structures in Miami
Houses in the United States
National Historic Landmarks of the United States
National Register of Historic Places
The law of non-contradiction is a rule of logic. It states that if something is true, then the opposite of it is false. For example, if an animal is a cat, the same animal cannot be not a cat. Or, stated in logic, if +p, then not -p, +p cannot be -p at the same time and in the same sense. The law was stated as a principle of mathematical logic by Russell and Whitehead in Principia Mathematica.  

Ravi Zacharias has said most eastern philosophies reject the law of noncontradiction. The law of non-contradiction is found in ancient Indian logic as a rule in the Shrauta Sutras, the writing of Pāṇini, and the Brahma Sutras attributed to Vyasa. It was later elaborated on by medieval commentators such as Madhvacharya. The idea of noncontradiction is rejected in some strands of Buddhism.

References

Other websites 

Logic
Dialetheism is the view that some statements can be both true and false at the same time. It is the opposite of the law of noncontradiction (LNC). Because of this dialetheism is completely opposite of what most philosophers call common sense. Graham Priest defines it as believing there can be true contradictions. Priest gives as an example the liar paradox (or liar's paradox). If someone says "everything I say is a lie", then is the statement true or false? In this paradox it can be both.

References 

Philosophical movements and positions
Diana DeGarmo (born June 16, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter and Broadway actress. She became known in 2004 on American Idol. She began a career in musical theater. She played Angelina in The Young and the Restless.

DeGarmo was born in Birmingham, Alabama.

References

American Idol contestants
American pop singers
American singer-songwriters 
American stage actors
Singers from Birmingham, Alabama
Actors from Birmingham, Alabama
Writers from Birmingham, Alabama
1987 births
Living people
The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions committed by the Soviet NKVD secret police against prisoners in Eastern Europe during World War II.

The victims were mainly from Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Bessarabia and other parts of the Soviet Union. The Red Army was withdrawing ahead of the German invasion in 1941 (see Operation Barbarossa). The death toll came to 100,000 or more. There were nearly 9,000 in the Ukrainian SSR, to 20,000–30,000 in occupied eastern Poland, now western Ukraine, to all Tartar prisoners in Crimea among other places. Not all prisoner victims (150,000 of them in total) were murdered; some were transported into the interior, others were abandoned in prisons or managed to escape because the retreating Soviet executioners could not attend to all of them.

References 

1941 in Europe
1940s in the Soviet Union
1940s in Poland
Massacres in Europe during World War II
The Gave de Pau is a river of south-western France. It is a left tributary of the Adour river.

It takes its name from the city Pau, through which it flows. The word gave is a name given to rivers on the mountains in regions of the western Pyrenees; so, Gave de Pau means "the river of Pau" or "the river that flows through Pau". Many other rivers in the region have the word gave as part of their names.

Geography
The Gave de Pau has a length of about , including the Gave de Gavarnie, and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Bérenx, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Bérenx