Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sometimes, it can be difficult to tell the difference between chikungunya and dengue fever.  Both infections cause some of the same symptoms, like fever and very bad pain.  However, chikungunya usually does not cause bleeding.  If a person diagnosed with chikungunya has bleeding problems, they may:
 Have dengue fever instead of chikungunya
 Have both chikungunya and dengue fever (both are spread by mosquitoes, and are common in some of the same places)
 Have both chikungunya and liver problems

Prevention

The best way for people to protect themselves from chikungunya is to protect themselves from mosquitoes in places where the disease is common.  For example, people may use bug spray and mosquito nets, and wear long sleeves and long pants when they are outside.  In places where chikungunya is common, governments can also do things to control the number of mosquitoes.  For example, they can spray pesticides.
There is no vaccine for chikungunya.  Scientists are doing experiments to try to make a vaccine.  However, scientists say that even if they created a vaccine, people would still have to control mosquitoes to prevent chikungunya.

Treatment
There is no known treatment for chikungunya.  No known anti-viral medicines (medicines which kill viruses) kill the chikungunya virus.

Medical professionals can only give "supportive care."  This means they can only treat chikungunya's symptoms.  For example, they may treat fever and joint pain with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like naproxen; painkillers like paracetamol (acetaminophen); and fluids.  Aspirin is not given because it can make bleeding more likely to happen.
Chronic joint pain
Scientists have not found any medication that helps everyone with chikungunya who has bad joint pain.  There is some evidence that certain medicines may help people who have bad joint pain for more than two weeks.  These medicines include:
 Ribavirin, an anti-viral medicine
 Chloroquine, a medicine usually given to prevent malaria
 Methotrexate, a medicine used for rheumatoid arthritis, which also causes very bad joint pain

These medicines do not help the symptoms of chikungunya during the acute phase.

Prognosis
About 1 in 1000 people who get chikungunya die from the disease.  People older than 65, newborn babies, and people with other medical problems are most likely to have the most dangerous problems.  Chikungunya is especially dangerous for newborns because they can get the virus from their mothers during childbirth, and because newborns' immune systems have to grow before they work as well as adults'.  This makes it much more difficult for newborns to fight off the virus.
Elderly people, and people who already have arthritis, are more likely to have chronic joint pain.

Epidemiology

In the past, chikungunya existed mostly in developing countries.  However, more recently, there have been epidemics (where a very large number of people get the virus) in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Islands, and the Americas.

When chikungunya was first discovered in 1952, it was uncommon and happened only in West Africa.  People usually got the disease during rainy seasons, because mosquitoes are more common during these times.  Beginning in the 1960s, there were sometimes outbreaks in Asia and Africa.  However, until 2005, chikungunya had been uncommon throughout the world.
Since 2005, chikungunya has become much more common.  It has caused large outbreaks in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.  For example, in India, chikungunya re-appeared after 32 years where no Indian person had gotten the virus.  Outbreaks have also happened in Europe, the Caribbean, and South America, where chikungunya had never spread before.  A few people have also gotten chikungunya in the United States and Australia, where the virus had never lived before.  

In 2005, there was a very large outbreak on Réunion, an island in the Indian Ocean.  Out of about 770,000 people who lived on the island, about 266,000 (over 1 in every 3 people) got chikungunya.  In 2006, about 1.25 million people in India got the virus.  

Chikungunya was recently spread to the Americas.  From 2013-2014 in the Americas, 1,118,763 people have been thought to have the virus.  Of these cases, 24,682 were proven to be chikungunya.
Some scientists think that chikungunya has become much more common because of a change in the virus's genetic code.  This change may have made it easier for the virus to make copies of itself in mosquito cells.  It may have also allowed the virus to be spread more easily by the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus).  This is important because the Asian tiger mosquito lives in many more places than Aedes aegypti, the other species of mosquito that spreads chikungunya to humans.  Aedes aegypti lives only in tropical places.  However, the Asian tiger mosquito spreads easily, and lives in Europe, the Americas, the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East.
History
Chikungunya was first described by Marion Robinson and W.H.R. Lumsden in 1955, after an outbreak in 1952 along the border between Mozambique and Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania).  A group called the Makonde lived in this area.  The word "chikungunya" probably comes from the Makonde language.  It means "that which bends up" or "to walk bent over."  This describes how people with very bad joint pain from the virus would bend into unusual positions. 

The first recorded outbreak of chikungunya may have been in 1779.  Scientific evidence agrees that the virus evolved around the year 1700.

Chikungunya was once researched as a possible biological weapon.

References

Diseases caused by viruses
Diseases spread by insects
Concepción Picciotto (née Martín January 15, 1936 – January 25, 2016) also known as Conchita or Connie,  was a Spanish-born American peace activist. She lived in Washington, D.C. on the 1600 block of Pennsylvania Avenue, in a peace camp across from the White House. 

She lived in a tent outside from the White House since from August 1, 1981 because of the protest of nuclear arms under the Ronald Reagan presidency until her death in 2016.  She carried on the longest act of political protest in the United States, with her camp having been nicknamed by her supporters as 1601 Pennsylvania Avenue. She was born in Vigo, Spain.

Picciotto died in Washington, D.C. from complications of a fall on January 25, 2016 at the age of 80.

References

Other websites

 Official site
 Interview with Concepcion Picciotto  by DCist
 Washington Post, May 2, 2013 - Connie Picciotto has kept vigil near the White House for 32 years. Why and at what cost?
1935 births
2016 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American activists
People from Washington, D.C.
Richard "Dick" Levins (June 1, 1930 – January 19, 2016) was an American ecologist, a population geneticist, biomathematician, mathematical ecologist, and philosopher of science. He had researched diversity in human populations. Levins was a university professor at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a long-time political activist. He was best known for his work on evolution and complexity in changing environments and on metapopulations.

Levins died in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 19, 2016 from heart failure at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

 Prof. Richard Levins, PhD
 Harvard webpage
 In "Living the 11th Thesis" Richard Levins discusses his own biography
 Personal narrative of political activity in Puerto Rico
 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 'Investigator Awards in Health Policy Research' page on Richard Levins
1930 births
2016 deaths
American biologists
Educators from New York City
American mathematicians
American philosophers
American ecologists
Scientists from New York City
Kaeng Krachan () is the largest national park of Thailand. It is on the border with Myanmar, and joins with Myanmar's Tanintharyi Nature Reserve. It is popular with tourists, and is near the beach resort of Hua Hin.

The park covers parts of Phetchaburi Province and Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. It contains rainforest on the eastern side of the Tenasserim Mountain Range. The highest elevation is 1,20 m. Two main rivers begin within the park: the Pranburi River and the Phetchaburi River. The Phetchaburi is blocked by the Kaeng Krachan Dam at the eastern border of the park. The dam creates a lake covering an area of 46.5 km2. The dam was built in 1966. There are private plantations within the park.

The park was created on 12 June 1981. It was the 28th national park of Thailand. It originally covered an area of 2,478 km2. It was enlarged in December 1984. In 2005 it was shown to UNESCO for consideration as a World Heritage Site.
The forests contain a great variety of plants and animals. The killing of wild elephants is a big problem at the park. It is difficult to stop poachers.

References

Other websites

National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department 
Wildlife, attractions and maps of Kaeng Krachan National Park

1981 establishments in Asia
National parks in Asia
Geography of Thailand
20th-century establishments in Thailand
Ignition may refer to:
 Firelighting, the act of starting a fire
 Combustion, a chemical reaction that produces heat and fire

Music 
 Ignition (album), an album by The Offspring
 "Ignition (Remix)", a 2002 song by R. Kelly
 "Ignition", a song by Trivium from the album The Crusade, 2006

Vehicles 
Ignition system, the system that starts an engine
Ignition coil, a part in an ignition system
Charles Frederick "Karch" Kiraly () (born November 3, 1960) is an American volleyball player, coach and broadcast announcer. 

He was born in Jackson, Michigan. He grew up in Santa Barbara, California.

Career 
He is one of three people who have won Olympic gold medals in both volleyball categories: beach and indoor.  The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, (FIVB), volleyball's highest governing body, honored Kiraly as the greatest volleyball player of the 20th Century. He played college volleyball for the UCLA Bruins and won three national championships under head coach Al Scates.

References

 Karch Kiraly Volleyball Academy
 Beach Volleyball Profile

1960 births
Living people
1984 Summer Olympics
1988 Summer Olympics
1996 Summer Olympics
American Olympic gold medalists
People from Santa Barbara, California
Sportspeople from California
Sportspeople from Michigan
People from Jackson, Michigan
American volleyball coaches
American volleyball players
Lloy James Ball (born February 17, 1972, in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is an American volleyball player, a member of American national team in 1993–2008, a participant of the Olympic Games Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000, Athens 2004 and gold medalist of Beijing 2008, gold medalist of the NORCECA Championship 2007 and World League 2008, silver medalist of the Pan American 1995, bronze medalist of the World Championship 1994.  When not on the court actively playing the game, Ball operates Team Pineapple, a volleyball clinic that also features his father, Arnie Ball.

References

 Lloy Ball's official bio at USA Volleyball
 Bio at NBC Olympics 

Living people
1972 births
American volleyball players
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Sportspeople from Indiana
Luigi Mastrangelo (born August 17, 1975 in Mottola, Italy) is an Italian men's volleyball player, a member of Italy national volleyball team, silver and bronze medalist of the Olympic Games, multiple winner of the European Championship and World League. He competed in the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal in the 2000 and 2012 Games. He won a silver medal in the 2004 Games.

References

 NBC Olympics profile 
 Sports reference profile 

1975 births
Living people
2008 Summer Olympics
Italian Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Italian Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Apulia
Italian volleyball players
Ivan Zaytsev (born in Spoleto, Italy, 2 October 1988) is an Italian volleyball player. His parents originally come from Russia. He is a member of Italy's national volleyball team and the Italian club Sir Safety Umbria Volley.

Career 
Zaytsev won a bronze medal at the Olympic Games in London in 2012. He won a silver medal at the European Championship (2011, 2013), and bronze medal at the World League (2013, 2014). He won the Italian Championship in 2014.

Other websites

 Highlights  (movie)
 LegaVolley Serie A profile player 

1988 births
Living people
Italian volleyball players
Italian Olympic bronze medalists
Matthew John Anderson (born April 18, 1987) is an American volleyball player. He is a member of the United States men's national volleyball team and the Russian club Zenit Kazan. He played volleyball at the Olympic Games in London in 2012. He was a NORCECA Champion 2013. He won gold medals at the 2008 Pan American Cup, 2014 World League and 2015 World Cup.

Other websites

 Highlights  (movie)
 Official Matt Anderson Website
 FIVB profile
 Team USA player profile
 LegaVolley Serie A player profile

1987 births
Living people
American volleyball players
An ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level. The rocks which make up ophiolites are an altered form of basalt. The rocks are often green.

They are found in the mountain belts such as the Alps or the Himalayas. They show where former ocean basins were consumed by subduction. This was one of the discoveries of plate tectonics. Ophiolites have always played a central role in plate tectonic theory and the interpretation of ancient mountain belts.

Stratigraphy and definition

The stratigraphic sequence seen in ophiolites is caused by lithosphere-forming processes at mid-oceanic ridges:

 Sediments: muds (black shale) and cherts deposited after the crust formed.
 Extrusive sequence: basalt "pillow lavas" show magma/seawater contact.
 Vertical, parallel dikes fed lavas above.
 Gabbros from minerals settling from a magma chamber.
 Peridotite: mantle rock minerals, heated and pressured in orogeny (mountain-building).
Notable ophiolites
In the California Coast Ranges, from Santa Barbara through San Francisco Counties, California.
In Oman and the United Arab Emirates, widely considered one of the best exposed ophiolite sequences
 Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997, as the only known example of an ophiolite complex in the process of being formed and currently in its original geological setting.
 In Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland, named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 because of its superbly exposed complete ophiolite stratigraphic sequence

References 

Igneous rocks
Plate tectonics
Maxim Mikhaylov (born 19 March 1988) is a Russian volleyball player. He is a member of Russia men's national volleyball team. He also plays for the Russian club Zenit-Kazan. Mikhaylov was a gold medalist in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was a bronze medalist of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Mikhaylov won a gold medal in the 2011 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup. He has won several medals in the Volleyball World League.

References

Other websites

 Player's Biography

Russian volleyball players
1988 births
Living people
Russian Olympic gold medalists
Russian Olympic bronze medalists
Yekaterina Aleksandrovna Gamova (; born 17 October 1980) is a Russian volleyball player. She was a member of the Russian team that won the gold medals at the FIVB Volleyball World Championships in 2006 and 2010. She was also a member of the Russian team that won silver medals in both the Athens 2004 and Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Gamova is  tall with an EU shoe size of 49. This makes her one of the tallest female athletes in the world.  Her role is outside hitter/opposite.

References

Other websites

 FIVB Profile
 Fenerbahce Acibadem Women's Volleyball Team
 Uralochka VC profile 
 Gamova's photos

Russian volleyball players
1980 births
Living people
Russian Olympic silver medalists
Flight of the Navigator is a science fiction movie from 1986. It was directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Mark H. Baker and Michael Burton. It is about David Freeman, a 12-year-old boy who is taken by an alien spaceship and finds himself caught in a world that has changed around him.

The producers of the movie at first sent it to Walt Disney Pictures in 1984. However, the studio was not able to approve it. It was sent to Producers Sales Organization. That studio made a deal with Disney to distribute the movie in the United States. The movie was partially filmed in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and Norway. It was a co-production with the Norwegian company Viking Film.
Cast
 Joey Cramer as David Freeman
 Paul Reubens (credited as "Paul Mall") as the voice of Max
 Cliff DeYoung as Bill Freeman
 Veronica Cartwright as Helen Freeman
 Matt Adler as Jeff Freeman
Albie Whitaker plays eight-year-old Jeff Freeman
 Sarah Jessica Parker as Carolyn McAdams
 Howard Hesseman as Dr. Louis Faraday
 Robert Small as Troy
 Jonathan Sanger as Dr. Carr
 Richard Liberty as Larry Howard
 Iris Acker as Janet Howard
 Raymond Forchion as Detective Banks
 Keri Rogers as Jennifer Bradley

Production
The Trimaxion Drone Ship was rendered in CGI by Omnibus Computer Animation, under the supervision of Jeff Kleiser, the brother of director Randal Kleiser.

Soundtrack
The music score for the movie was composed by Alan Silvestri. It is different from his other scores because it was completely electronically generated, using the Synclavier, one of the first digital multi-track recorders and samplers.
Theme from "Flight of the Navigator"
 "Main Title"
 "The Ship Beckons"
 "David in the Woods"
 "Robot Romp"
 "Transporting the Ship"
 "Ship Drop"
 "Have to Help a Friend"
 "The Shadow Universe"
 "Flight"
 "Finale"
 "Star Dancing"

Notes

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 

1986 science fiction movies
1986 fantasy movies
American science fiction movies
American fantasy movies
Movies set in Miami
Movies about extraterrestrial life
Time travel movies
Disney movies
Movies directed by Randal Kleiser
Movies composed by Alan Silvestri
Dinah Manoff (born January 25, 1956) is an American stage, movie and television actress. She acted in many television movies and guest starred on television programs. She played Libby Tucker in both the stage and movie versions of I Ought to be in Pictures. She won a Tony Award in 1980 for acting in the play. She also acted in the theatrical movies Bart Got a Room and The Amati Girls.

In 1978, at age 19 she played Marty Maraschino in her first movie, Grease.

In 1980, Manoff played Karen, the suicidal friend of Timothy Hutton's character in the multiple Oscar-winning Ordinary People. In 1988, she played Maggie Peterson in Child's Play. She then began playing Carol Weston on the television series Empty Nest. She played that role for seven years.

Manoff was born in New York City.

References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
1958 births
Living people
Zika fever is an illness caused by the Zika virus.  The Zika virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus, like dengue fever and chikungunya.  However, Zika fever is usually not as bad as those illnesses.  Most people who get the Zika virus (60-80%) have no symptoms.

People who do have symptoms usually have a low fever, conjunctivitis, joint pain (mainly in the hands and feet), and a rash.  The rash often starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body.  Usually, the symptoms are not very bad, and get better after 2 to 7 days.
Starting in 2015, there has been an outbreak of Zika virus (meaning that many people have gotten the virus) in Brazil.  Scientists think that when a woman with the Zika virus is pregnant, she can give the virus to her fetus.  Scientists think this can cause microcephaly, a birth defect that causes a baby to have a smaller head than usual.  This can cause intellectual disability and other problems in the brain, like seizures.  Because of this, in January 2016, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned pregnant women not to travel to Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, or Puerto Rico, because of the risk of getting the Zika virus there.

In places where the Zika virus lives, people are more likely to have birth defects, neurological problems like Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.
Diagnosis 
Diagnosing Zika fever is difficult for a few reasons.  First, Zika fever causes many of the same signs and symptoms as many other viruses.  

Second, special laboratory tests have to be done to prove that a person has Zika virus.  For example, when the virus is in a person's blood or urine, it can be found by using a special test that looks for the virus's RNA in the blood.  However, the Zika virus often does not stay in the blood for very long.  Also, because most people with the Zika virus have no symptoms, they do not know that they need to be tested.  Blood tests that look for specific antibodies (which the body sends out to fight the Zika virus) can also be done.  However, these tests are expensive and have to be done in special laboratories that do not exist everywhere.
If tests cannot prove that a person has Zika virus, it can be difficult to figure out whether a person has Zika fever or a different infection.  The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that before doctors diagnose a person with Zika fever, they should think about whether the person could have one of many other infections.  Examples of these infections include:
 Dengue fever
 West Nile virus
 Chikungunya
 Malaria
 Rubella
 Measles
 Leptospirosis

Transmission 
Humans get the Zika virus after being bitten by mosquitoes from the Aedes genus.  Scientists have proven that at least eight different species of mosquitoes from the Aedes genus can spread the Zika virus to humans.  Mosquitoes pick up the Zika virus after they bite other animals that have the virus.

Zika virus can be passed from one person to another during sexual intercourse.  It can also be passed from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy.

Prevention
Prevention 

There is no vaccine for Zika virus, though the United States National Institutes of Health is trying to make one. 

The best way for a person to protect themselves against the Zika virus is to protect themselves against mosquitoes.  For example, if people are traveling to places where the Zika virus lives, they should:
 Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants
 Use bug spray
 Stay and sleep in rooms that are protected by window and door screens, and that have air conditioning (if possible)
 Use a mosquito net when sleeping
Treatment 
Today, there is no treatment or cure for Zika fever.  Medical professionals can only give "supportive care," which means they can only treat the virus's symptoms.  For example, they can give medicines to help with pain, fever, and itching.  However, some scientists say that doctors should not give medicines like aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used for pain and fever.  This is because people with similar viruses who take these medicines have been more likely to have bleeding problems.

There are no known anti-viral medications (medicines which kill viruses) which will kill the Zika virus.

Because there are no treatments that will cure the Zika virus once a person has it, scientists suggest that pregnant women do everything they can to avoid getting the virus.  Once a pregnant woman has the Zika virus, there is nothing anyone can do to keep her fetus from getting infected too.
Epidemiology
Zika fever was first discovered in 1947, in a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest in Uganda.  The first human cases were reported in Nigeria in 1954.  A few outbreaks have been reported in tropical Africa and in some parts of Southeast Asia, but not India.  In 1977–1978, Zika virus caused fevers in Indonesia.

The first major outbreak happened in 2007 in Micronesia's Yap Islands.  185 people were proven to have the Zika virus.  This was the first time Zika fever had been reported outside Africa and Asia.  In 2013, another large outbreak happened in French Polynesia.

In May 2015, Brazil officially reported its first 16 cases of Zika fever.  By November 2015, Zika fever had appeared in 14 states in Brazil.  Zika virus is thought to have caused 2,400 cases of microcephaly and 29 infant deaths in Brazil in 2015.

Since first appearing in the Western Hemisphere in February 2014, Zika fever has spread quickly throughout South America and Central America.  It appeared in Mexico in November 2015.
On January 24, 2016, the World Health Organization warned that the Zika virus is likely to spread to nearly all countries of the Americas.  This is likely since the mosquito that spreads the virus, Aedes aegypti, lives in all of the countries in the Americas, except for Canada and Chile.

On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization said that the Zika virus was a "public health emergency."  They also said the Zika virus was "spreading explosively" (very quickly), and that in the next year, as many as 3 million to 4 million people could get the virus.

Related pages 
 Flaviviruses
 Aedes genus of mosquitoes
 Aedes agypti
 Infectious disease

References

Diseases caused by viruses
Diseases spread by insects
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus.  It is spread by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes, which are active during the daytime. 

Zika virus is named after Uganda's Zika Forest, where the virus was discovered in 1947.

Zika virus can cause an infectious disease called Zika fever.  Zika fever often causes no symptoms, or only mild symptoms. Scientists know that people in Africa and Asia have been getting Zika fever since the 1950s.  In 2014, the virus spread eastward across the Pacific Ocean - first to French Polynesia, then to Easter Island.  Finally, in 2015, it spread to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.  In these places, Zika virus has become a pandemic.
Background
Zika virus is related to West Nile virus and the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis.  Zika virus causes an illness that is like a mild form of dengue fever.  It is treated by rest.  As of 2016, there is no medication or vaccine that can prevent the Zika virus. 

Pregnant women who get the Zika virus can spread the virus to their fetuses.  When they are born, these newborns may be more likely to have microcephaly.  In places where the Zika virus lives, people are more likely to have birth defects, neurological problems like Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.
2016 outbreak
In January 2016, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published advice for how to avoid getting Zika fever.  They suggested that when traveling to places where Zika virus lives:
 Travelers should use "enhanced precautions," meaning they should be as careful as possible to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes
 Pregnant women should think about not traveling to these areas

Other governments or health agencies soon issued similar travel warnings.  Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica advised women not to get pregnant until scientists know more about the risks of Zika virus to pregnant women. 

On February 2, 2016, public health officials in Dallas County, Texas, reported the first case of somebody getting Zika virus in the United States.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
 
 
 Zika Virus – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 Flaviviridae Genomes  database search results from the Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center
 Viralzone: Flaviviridae
 Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Flaviviridae 
 World Health Organization Zika Virus Fact Sheet

Viruses
The rove beetles are a family of beetles. The scientific name is Staphylinidae. It is the largest family of beetles. It has over 63,000 species. Some of these species are very old; fossils of rove beetles have been dated to the Triassic, 200 million years ago.

They are mainly recognised by their short elytra (wing covers) that usually cover only half of their abdomens.

References

Other websites
 
 

Polyphaga
The Devil's coach-horse beetle, is a very common beetle in Europe. It is also sometimes called the Cocktail beetle. It belongs to the family of the rove beetles.

References

Other websites
 
 

Polyphaga
Denny's is a pancake house and casual family restaurant. It has more than 1,600 restaurants in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, Canada, Central America, Mexico, New Zealand and Japan. It serves pancakes, eggs, sausage and more.

From the 1990s to the 2010s, Denny's was involved in serious controversy. They were accused of discrimination. In 1994, in San Jose, California, several black teenagers were told they had to pay before getting their food. In 2014, an LGBT group accused a Denny's location in Deming, New Mexico of discrimination. The group said that the wait staff said homophobic things and refused to serve them. The LGBT customers were attending a gay pride celebration.

References

Other websites

 Denny's website

American restaurants
Companies based in South Carolina
1953 establishments in the United States
Wayne County may refer to:

Counties in the United States
 Wayne County, Georgia
 Wayne County, Illinois
 Wayne County, Indiana
 Wayne County, Iowa
 Wayne County, Kentucky
 Wayne County, Michigan
 Wayne County, Mississippi
 Wayne County, Missouri
 Wayne County, Nebraska
 Wayne County, New York
 Wayne County, North Carolina
 Wayne County, Ohio
 Wayne County, Pennsylvania
 Wayne County, Tennessee
 Wayne County, Utah
 Wayne County, West Virginia
Fremont County may refer to:

 Fremont County, Colorado 
 Fremont County, Idaho 
 Fremont County, Iowa 
 Fremont County, Wyoming
 Fremont County, Kansas Territory
Plano may refer to:

Places in the United States
 Plano, California, former name of Sanborn
 Plano, Texas
 Plano, Illinois
 Plano, Indiana
 Plano, Iowa

Related pages
Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. In the 2010 census, 40,123 people lived there.  Its county seat is Lander. The county was formed in 1884. It is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is about the size of the state of Vermont.

Fremont County includes the Riverton, Wyoming Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Communities

Cities 
Lander (county seat)
Riverton

Towns 
Dubois
Hudson
Pavillion
Shoshoni

Census-designated places 

Arapahoe
Atlantic City
Boulder Flats
Crowheart
Ethete
Fort Washakie
Jeffrey City
Johnstown

Unincorporated communities
Kinnear
Kotey Place
Lysite
Miner's Delight
St. Stephens
South Pass City

References

Other websites

 

 
1884 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Wyoming Territory
Riverton is a city in Freemont County, Wyoming in the United States. It is the largest settlement in Freemont County.

Cities in Wyoming
Freemont County, Wyoming
Lander is a city in Wyoming in the United States. It is the county seat of Freemont County. According to the 2020 census, Lander has 7,546 people.

References

Cities in Wyoming
County seats in Wyoming
Freemont County, Wyoming
Riverton is the name of several places:
In Australia
Riverton, South Australia, a small town and former railway junction in the mid north of South Australia
Riverton, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia

In Canada
Riverton, Manitoba, a small village
Riverton, Nova Scotia, a small community in Pictou County

In Jamaica
Riverton City, Jamaica

In New Zealand
Riverton, New Zealand, a small town at the bottom of the South Island of New Zealand

In South Africa
Riverton, a resort on the Vaal River outside Kimberley, Northern Cape

In the United States of America
Riverton, California
Riverton, Illinois
Riverton, Indiana
Riverton, Iowa
Riverton, Kansas
Riverton, Kentucky
Riverton, Minnesota
Riverton, Nebraska
Riverton, New Jersey
Riverton, New York
Riverton Houses, a residential development in New York City
Riverton, Utah
Riverton, West Virginia
Riverton, Wyoming

Riverton may also refer to:
Riverton Prize, a Norwegian crime fiction award
Lander may refer to:

Places 
United States
 Lander County, Nevada, United States
 Lander Crossing, California, United States
 Lander, Pennsylvania, United States
 Lander, Wyoming, United States

Venezuela
 Lander, Venezuela
Atlantic City is a city in New Jersey, United States.

Atlantic City may also refer to:

Places
Eko Atlantic (Atlantic City Africa)
Atlantic City, Wyoming, a census-designated place in Wyoming, United States
"Atlantic-City", a business center in Primorsky District, Saint Petersburg

Transportation
 Atlantic City catboat, an American sailboat design
 Atlantic City Express (Amtrak train), a former Amtrak train service 
 Atlantic City Express Service, a former train service linking New York City with Atlantic City
 Atlantic City Expressway, a toll road in South Jersey 
 Atlantic City International Airport, an airport in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
 Atlantic City Line, a train service also in South Jersey 
 Atlantic City Rail Terminal, a train station in Atlantic City, New Jersey
Arts, entertainment, and media
Atlantic City (1944 film), a musical film
Atlantic City (1980 film), a drama film
"Atlantic City", a 1986 episode of the TV series The Facts of Life
"Atlantic City", a 2006 episode of the TV series How I Met Your Mother
"Atlantic City" (song), a 1982 song by Bruce Springsteen

Other uses
Atlantic City (minor league baseball), two minor league baseball teams that represented Atlantic City, New Jersey
 Atlantic City Mercantile, an historic building in Atlantic City, Wyoming

Related pages
 Atlantic County, New Jersey, USA
Atlantic City is a census-designated place in the U.S. state of Wyoming. 

Census-designated places in Wyoming
Freemont County, Wyoming
Lovell may refer to:

Places 
 Lovell, Maine, United States
 Lovell, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 Lovell, Wyoming, United States
 Minster Lovell, Oxfordshire, UK

People 
 Jim Lovell, astronaut
The Third Amendment (Amendment III) to the United States Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. It forbids the practice completely during peacetime. The amendment is a response to the Quartering Acts passed by the British parliament between the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. They allowed the British Army to house soldiers in private homes in the American colonies.

The Third Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison. It was a part of the United States Bill of Rights in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress proposed the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789. By December 15, 1791, the necessary three-quarters of the states had ratified it. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment on March 1, 1792.
The amendment is one of the least controversial of the Constitution and is rarely litigated. The American Bar Association called it the "runt piglet" of the U.S. Constitution. There were times when the US government probably violated this amendment. These include the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and during World War II in the Aleutian Islands. But as of 2015 it has never been the primary basis of a Supreme Court decision.

References

Other websites 
 National Constitution Center: Amendment III 
 CRS Annotated Constitution: Third Amendment
03
United States Bill of Rights
Boston King from ( 1760–1802) was a former Afro-American slave and British loyalist. He was born a slave in South Carolina and was apprenticed as a carpenter.  He joined the British when they occupied Charleston, as they promised freedom to slaves. Later, he gained his freedom from the British and settled in Nova Scotia after the American Revolutionary War. He later emigrated to Sierra Leone, where he helped found Freetown. King became the first Methodist missionary in Africa. King published his autobiography in 1798. He died about 1802 in Sierra Leone.

References 

1760 births
1802 deaths
African American writers
American autobiographers
American Methodists
American revolutionaries
Carpenters
Christian missionaries
Sierra Leonean people
Writers from South Carolina
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights. The Fourth amendment was adopted in response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, a type of general search warrant issued by the British government. It was a major source of tension in pre-Revolutionary America. The Fourth Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights. They were proposed in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. 

Congress sent 12 amendments to the states in August of 1789. Of these, 10 were approved by the states. The last state, Virginia ratified the amendments (including the fourth amendment) on December 15, 1791. On March 1, 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment.
The Bill of Rights did initially apply to the states. Also, federal criminal investigations were less common in the first century of the nation's history. For these reasons there is little case law for the Fourth Amendment before the 20th century. The amendment was held to apply to the states in Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
Under the Fourth Amendment, search and seizure (including arrest) should be limited in scope to specific information supplied to the issuing court. This is usually by a law enforcement officer who has sworn by it. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three central questions. What government activities constitute "search" and "seizure"? What constitutes probable cause for these actions? How should violations of Fourth Amendment rights be addressed? Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to a law enforcement officer's physical intrusion onto private property. But with Katz v. United States (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections, such as the warrant requirement, extend to the privacy of individuals as well as physical locations. Law enforcement officers need a warrant for most search and seizure activities. But the Court has defined a series of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence in plain view, exigent circumstances, border searches, and other situations.
The exclusionary rule is one way the amendment is enforced. Established in Weeks v. United States (1914), this rule holds that evidence obtained through a Fourth Amendment violation is generally inadmissible at criminal trials. Evidence discovered as a later result of an illegal search may also be inadmissible as "fruit of the poisonous tree," unless it inevitably would have been discovered by legal means.

References 

United States Bill of Rights
04
Royalty is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Chris Brown. It was released on December 18, 2015, by RCA Records. The album serves as the follow-up to his sixth album X (2014).

The album was dedicated to his daughter, Royalty (born May 27, 2014).

Track listing

Sample credits
"Picture Me Rollin’" contains elements of "Regulate" performed by Nate Dogg featuring Warren G, and "Funk You Up" performed by The Sequence.
"Who's Gonna (Nobody)" contains elements of "Nobody" performed by Keith Sweat featuring Athena Cage, and "My, My, My" performed by Johnny Gill.
"Proof" contains elements of "My Heart Belongs to U" performed by Jodeci.
"Discover" contains elements of "Little City Slikers" performed by Auracle.

Charts

References

2015 albums
R&B albums
Funk albums
In some countries, resisting arrest is a criminal charge against a person who has ran away from a criminal offense.

What they did
A person resisting arrest has done, depending on the jurisdiction, at least one of the following acts:

 fleeing a police officer while being arrested
 threatening a police officer with physical violence while being arrested
 physically struggling to free oneself from being restrained (handcuffed or put into the police vehicle)
 attacking a police officer while being arrested
 providing an officer with false identification (either verbally or by presentation of a false official document, i.e. a fake ID)

Background
The website Resisting Arrest stated that not all arrests are lawful and based upon probable cause.  However, an attempt at resisting arrest can lead to additional charges.

References

Other websites
Example code  from New Jersey

Law enforcement in the United States
In American politics, a front-runner or frontrunner is a leader/most popular in an electoral race.

A political front-runner, mainly during the U.S. presidential primary process, is the most likely to be the nominee or the one who leads in the polls. The front-runner is most often declared by the media who are following the race, and is written about in a different style than his or her challengers.

References

Politics of the United States
Sick leave  is time off from work that workers can use to stay home because they are sick. Paid sick leave is a requirement in many nations around the world. Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave. Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care.

Sick pay is money paid to a person who is not able to work because they are ill.  This may come from the business they normally work for, from health insurance, or from social security.  To get the money most people will need a sick note from a medical doctor to show that they cannot work.

In the United Kingdom general practitioners had to give people sick notes since the National Insurance Act 1911.  They could get 10 shillings a week Sickness benefit for 26 weeks.

References

Employment law
Social security
Health problems
Annual leave is paid time off work given by employers to employees to be used for whatever the employee wishes. Depending on the employer's policies, there are different number of days off given. It is thought to be a benefit for the employees. Some employees must tell their boss a few days before they go on leave. Most countries around the world have labor laws that mandate employers give a certain number of paid time-off days per year to workers.

References

Employment law
The Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (; CNAM) is a graduate engineering school in Paris, France. It was created in 1794.

Its different programs lead to the following French and European degrees:
 Ingénieur CNAM (CNAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Courses

Classes and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen nationalities participate in the different programs at CNAM.

References

Other websites 

Official website (in French)
Official website (in English)
Official website CNAM lebanon  (in French)

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1794 establishments
1790s establishments in France
Marasmus is a form of malnutrition.  It happens in people (especially children) who do not get enough food.  A healthy person gets energy from eating food, especially foods with protein and fat in them.  Because a person with marasmus is not getting enough food, they do not get the energy they need to survive. This is due to deficiency of both proteins and calories. Generally, this disease occurs when there is an immediate second pregnancy or repeated child births. Lean and weak, swelling limbs, less developed muscles, dry skin, diarrhoea, etc.., are the symptoms of this disease.

Children with marasmus look emaciated (very skinny).  This is because their bodies have burned up all of their fat and muscles to make energy.  The child's body weight will be less than 60% of a normal child his or her age.

Marasmus can be treated.  However, about half of children with bad malnutrition die because they cannot get treatment where they live.
The word “marasmus” comes from the Greek word μαρασμός marasmos (meaning "decay '')

Signs and symptoms
Most children with marasmus look shrunken and have lost most of their muscles and body fat.  Their bodies try to save as much energy as possible by shutting down the immune system, not growing, and giving less energy to the liver, kidneys, heart, and gastrointestinal system.  This can cause problems like:
 Having too much fluid in the body, because the kidneys are not working well enough to get rid of it.  This can lead toedema (fluid under the skin) and even heart failure.
 Hypothermia (low body temperature), because staying warm takes energy, and because the child has almost no fat or muscles to keep them warm
 Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), because the child is not getting sugar or carbohydrates from foods
 Infection, because the child's body has shut down the immune system, which usually fights infection, to save energy
Other symptoms of marasmus include:
 Anemia (not having enough red blood cells in the blood)
 Dehydration, not having enough water in the body
 Shock caused by dehydration (hypovolemic shock)
 Tachypnea (breathing too fast - for example, from pneumonia or heart failure)

 Eye problems
 Skin problems
 Problems with the ears, nose, and throat (like ear infections)

Causes
Marasmus is caused by a deficiency (not having enough) of nearly all nutrients, especially protein, carbohydrates, and lipids (fats).

Treatment
Marasmus can be treated by giving emergency nutrients and fluids.  However, treating the causes of marasmus is not enough.  Often, the disease has complications (it causes other problems), like infections, dehydration, and problems with the circulatory system.  These complications are very dangerous and often kill children if they are not treated correctly.

Related pages
 Malnutrition
 Starvation
 Kwashiorkor (a similar disease caused by not having enough protein)

References

Nutrition problems
Brindisi is an Italian city in Apulia. Brindisi is the capital of the Province of Brindisi. About 85,000 people live there.

Cities in Brindisi
Capital cities in Italy
A blister agent, or vesicant, is a chemical compound that causes severe pain on the skin, in the eyes, and in the mucus membranes.  They can cause severe chemical burns, which then cause painful water blisters, on both the outside and the inside of the body.  (This is why these chemicals are called "blister agents.")  Throughout history, blister agents have been used for chemical warfare.

Some blister agents are used to treat medical problems - for example, to remove warts.  However, they must be used very carefully.  If a person accidentally gets even a little bit of the chemical in their mouth, they can die.

Types of blister agents
There are three major types of blister agents.

Mustard agents
Mustard agents

Mustard agents are also called "sulfur mustards" or "mustard gas."  They are a group of blister agents that have sulfur in them.  When they are mixed with other chemicals to be used in chemical warfare, mustard agents are a yellowish-brown color, and smell like mustard plants.  This is why they got the name "mustard agents."

Throughout history, many different types and mixtures of sulfur mustards have been used.  Mustard agents were first used as a chemical weapon by the German Army during World War I.  More recently, in September 2015, the United States said that the terrorist group The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) was making and using sulfur mustard in Syria and Iraq.