Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Bourbon County (county code BB) is a county  in Southeast Kansas. In 2020, 14,360 people lived there. Its county seat is Fort Scott. Fort Scott is also the biggest city in Bourbon County.

History

19th century
In 1855, Bourbon County was founded.

21st century
Bourbon virus is a new strain of thogotovirus. It was first found in Bourbon County. In spring 2014, an otherwise healthy man was bitten by a tick. The man got the virus. He died 11 days later from organ failure.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water.

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 U.S. Route 54
 U.S. Route 69
 Kansas Highway 3
 Kansas Highway 7
 Kansas Highway 31
 Kansas Highway 39
 Kansas Highway 65

People

Government

Presidential elections
Bourbon County is a strongly Republican county. Only six presidential elections from 1888 to the present have resulted in Republicans failing to win the county, with the last of these being in 1964.
Communities

Cities
 Bronson
 Fort Scott
 Fulton
 Mapleton
 Redfield
 Uniontown

Notable people
 Jonathan M. Davis, 22nd Governor of Kansas; born in Bourbon County.

References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Bourbon County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 67 pages; 1920.
 History of Bourbon County, Kansas: To the Close of 1865; Thomas F. Robley; 269 pages; 1894.
 An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Bourbon County, Kansas; Edwards Brothers of Missouri; 55 pages; 1878.

Other websites

County
 
 Bourbon County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Bourbon County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Allen is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Amber is a town in the state of Oklahoma in the United States.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Decatur County (county code DC) is a county in Northwest Kansas. In 2020, 2,764 people lived there. Its county seat is Oberlin. Oberlin is also the biggest city in Decatur County. The county is named after Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr.

History
Decatur County was created on March 20, 1873 and organized on December 15, 1879. It is named after the Navy war hero Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr.. He served during the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War and the War of 1812.

Oberlin was where the last Native American (specifically the Northern Cheyenne) Raid in Kansas happened.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.07%) is water.

People

Government
Decatur county is very Republican. The last time a democratic candidate won the county was in 1936 by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Oberlin USD 294
 Prairie Heights USD 295, dissolved as of July 1, 2006; absorbed by USD 294.

Communities
Communities

Cities
 Clayton
 Dresden
 Jennings
 Norcatur
 Oberlin

References

More reading
 Handbook of Decatur County, Kansas; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 25 pages; 1885.
 Standard Atlas of Decatur County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 80 pages; 1921.
 Standard Atlas of Decatur County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 69 pages; 1905.

Other websites

County
 
 Decatur County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Decatur County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1873 establishments in Kansas
Ames is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Cleo Springs is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Chêne-Bourg is a municipality in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Chêne-Bourg 

Municipalities of Geneva
Jewell County (county code JW) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,932 people lived there. Its county seat is Mankato. Mankato is also the biggest city in Jewell County.

History
In 1887, Jewell County was created. It was named after Lieutenant Colonel Lewis R. Jewell of the 6th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry.

In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) to Superior, Nebraska.  This railroad connected Strong City, Neva, Rockland, Diamond Springs, Burdick, Lost Springs, Jacobs, Hope, Navarre, Enterprise, Abilene, Talmage, Manchester, Longford, Oak Hill, Miltonvale, Aurora, Huscher, Concordia, Kackley, Courtland, Webber, Superior.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.5%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Rock Hills USD 107

Communities

Cities
 Burr Oak
 Esbon
 Formoso
 Jewell
 Mankato
 Randall
 Webber
References

More reading
 Atlas and Plat Book of Jewell County, Kansas; Kenyon Co; 27 pages; 1921.
 Standard Atlas of Jewell County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 59 pages; 1908.
 Atlas of Jewell County, Kansas; Gillen & Davy ; 52 pages; 1884.

Other websites

County
 Jewell County - Directory of Public Officials
 Jewell County - Community Development Association
Historical
 Jewell County Kansas History and Heritage Project, Genealogy
Maps
 Jewell County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1887 establishments in Kansas
Scott County (standard abbreviation: SC) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 5,151 people lived there. Its county seat is Scott City. Scott City is the only city in the county.

History
In 1873, Scott County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.02%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections
Before 1940, Scott County was a swing county. They voted for the national winner in every presidential election from 1904 to 1936. After 1940, it has become one of the most Republican counties in the entire nation. Each of the last six presidential elections have resulted in the Republican candidate winning over 70 percent of the county's vote.

Education

Unified school districts
 Scott County USD 466

Library
The Scott County Public Library is at 110 West 8th in Scott City. The Scott County Library was the first free county public library in the state of Kansas. It was created in 1923.

Communities

City
Scott City
City
Scott City

References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Scott County, Kansas; Western Publishing Co; 34 pages; 1910.
 Handbook of Scott County, Kansas; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 20 pages; 1887.

Other websites

County
 
 Scott County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Scott County Library
Maps
 Scott County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1873 establishments in Kansas
Kansas counties
Seward County (standard abbreviation: SW) is a county of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 21,964 people lived there. The county seat is Liberal. Liberal is also the biggest city in Seward County. The county was created on March 20, 1873. It was named after William Henry Seward.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.2%) is water. It borders Oklahoma to the south.

People

The Liberal, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Seward County.

Government

Presidential elections

Seward County has voted Republican since 1940. The last time Seward County voted for a Democratic candidate for President was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. In the Kansas Senate it is currently represented by Republican Garrett Love. In the Kansas House of Representatives it is represented by Republicans Bill Light and Carl Holmes.

Education

Unified school districts
 Liberal USD 480
 Kismet-Plains USD 483

Communities

Cities
 Kismet
 Liberal

References

Notes
References

Notes

Other websites

County
 
 Seward County - Directory of Public Officials

Historical railroad trestle - "Samson of the Cimarron"
 Samson of the Cimarron, kansastravel.org
 Mighty Samson Bridge nears 73rd birthday , leaderandtimes.com
 Sampson of the Cimarron history, rits.org

Maps
 Seward County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1873 establishments in Kansas
Sumner County (standard abbreviation: SU) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 22,382 people lived there. Its county seat is Wellington.

History

19th century
On February 26, 1867, Sumner County was created from parts of Marion County and Butler County. It was named after Charles Sumner, a U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1811–74), who was wanted Kansas to be a free state.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a north-south railroad from Herington to Caldwell.  This railroad connected Herington, Lost Springs, Lincolnville, Antelope, Marion, Aulne, Peabody, Elbing, Whitewater, Furley, Kechi, Wichita, Peck, Corbin, Wellington, Caldwell.  By 1893, this railroad was slowly built to Fort Worth, Texas. This line is called the "OKT".

21st century
In December 2011, the Kansas Star Casino opened about  west of the center of Mulvane.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.3%) is water.

People
People

Sumner County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area

Government

Sumner County often votes for the Republican Party in Presidential elections. However, in 1992 George H.W Bush won the county by less than two percent. The last time they have voted for a Democratic candidate was in 1976 for Jimmy Carter.

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts

 USD 263, Mulvane
 USD 353, Wellington
 USD 356, Conway Springs
 USD 357, Belle Plaine
 USD 358, Oxford
 USD 359, Argonia
 USD 360, Caldwell
 USD 509, South Haven

Communities

Cities

 Argonia
 Belle Plaine
 Caldwell
 Conway Springs
 Geuda Springs (partly in Cowley County)
 Hunnewell
 Mayfield
 Milan
 Mulvane (partly in Sedgwick County)
 Oxford
 South Haven
 Wellington

References

Notes
References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Sumner County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 100 pages; 1918.
 Standard Atlas of Sumner County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 68 pages; 1902.
 Edwards' Historical Atlas of Sumner County, Kansas; John P. Edwards; 59 pages; 1883.

Other websites

County
 
 Sumner County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Sumner County Historical and Genealogical Society
 Sumner County Historical and Genealogical Research Center
Maps
 Sumner County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1870 establishments in Kansas
Reno County (standard abbreviation: RN) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 61,898 people lived there. The county seat is Hutchinson. Hutchinson is also the biggest city in Reno County.

History
In 1867, Reno County was created.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Herington to Pratt.  This railroad connected Herington, Ramona, Tampa, Durham, Waldeck, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Groveland, Inman, Medora, Hutchinson, Whiteside, Partridge, Arlington,  Langdon, Turon, Preston, Natrona, Pratt.  In 1888, this main line was extended to Liberal.  Later, this railroad was extended to Tucumcari, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas.  This railroad is called the "Golden State Limited".

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.3%) is water. It is the third-biggest county by area in Kansas.

People

The Hutchinson Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Reno County.
Government
Russell county is almost always Republican. The last time a democratic candidate won the county was in 1976 by Jimmy Carter.

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts 
 USD 308 Hutchinson
 USD 309 Nickerson - South Hutchinson
 USD 310 Fairfield
 USD 311 Pretty Prairie
 USD 312 Haven
 USD 313 Buhler 
 USD 369 Burrton

Communities

Cities

 Abbyville
 Arlington
 Buhler
 Haven
 Hutchinson
 Langdon
 Nickerson
 Partridge
 Plevna
 Pretty Prairie
 South Hutchinson
 Sylvia
 Turon
 Willowbrook

References

Notes

More reading
 History of Reno County, Kansas : Its People, Industries, and Institutions; 2 Volumes; Sheridan Ploughe; Bowen and Company; 445 / 959 pages; 1917. (Volume1 - Download 19MB PDF eBook), (Volume2 - Download 32MB PDF eBook)
 Standard Atlas of Reno County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 110 pages; 1918.
 Plat Book of Reno County, Kansas; Hutchinson Blue Print Co; 61 pages; 1912.
 Plat Book of Reno County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 77 pages; 1902.

Other websites
Other websites

County
 
 Reno County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Reno County Museum
Maps
 Reno County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
Miami County (county code MI) is a county in east-central Kansas. In 2020, 34,191 people lived there. Its county seat is Paola. Paola is also the biggest city in Miami County.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (2.5%) is water.

People

Miami County is included in the Kansas City, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Osawatomie USD 367
 Paola USD 368
 Louisburg USD 416
 Spring Hill USD 230
 Wellsville USD 289

Communities

Cities
Fontana
Louisburg
Osawatomie
Paola
Spring Hill (partly in Johnson County)

References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Miami County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 47 pages; 1901.
 An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Miami County, Kansas; Edwards Brothers; 48 pages; 1878.

Other websites
Other websites

County
 
 Miami County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Miami County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Republic County (standard abbreviation: RP) is a county in the state of Kansas. It is south from the Nebraska border. In 2020 census, 4,674 people lived there. The county seat is Belleville. Belleville is also the biggest city in Republic County.

History
Indian tribes lived in the area before white settlers came. The tribes included the Pawnee, Iowa, and Otoe.

In 1860, Republic County was created by the Kansas legislature. The county is named after the Republican River.

Daniel and Conrad Myers were the first white settlers. They arrived in February 1861. By 1868, Republic County was holding elections.

After the Civil War and during the 19th century, a lot of European immigrants (mostly from Sweden and the Czech Republic) came to Belleville and the area around it.
In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) to Superior, Nebraska.  This railroad connected Strong City, Neva, Rockland, Diamond Springs, Burdick, Lost Springs, Jacobs, Hope, Navarre, Enterprise, Abilene, Talmage, Manchester, Longford, Oak Hill, Miltonvale, Aurora, Huscher, Concordia, Kackley, Courtland, Webber, Superior.  This railroad was called "Strong City and Superior line". Later the name was shortened to the "Strong City line".

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  (or 99.45%) is land and  (or 0.55%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Republic County is very Republican. No Democratic presidential candidate has won the county except for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 and Woodrow Wilson in 1912 and 1916. Since 1996, the Republican candidate has won seventy percent of the county’s vote.

Education
Education

Unified school districts
Pike Valley USD 426    (Scandia, Courtland and western half of county)
Republic County USD 109   (Belleville, Cuba and eastern half of county)

Communities

Incorporated cities

 Agenda
 Belleville
 Courtland
 Cuba
 Munden
 Narka
 Republic
 Scandia

References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Republic County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 66 pages; 1923.
 Standard Atlas of Republic County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 58 pages; 1904.
 Atlas of Republic County, Kansas; Gillen & Davy; 47 pages; 1884.

Other websites

County
 
 Republic County - directory of public officials
Other
 Republic County Historical Society Museum
Maps
 Republic County maps: current, historic, KDOT
 Kansas highway maps: current, historic, KDOT
 Kansas railroad maps: current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1860 establishments in Kansas Territory
On 4 December 1971, the Ulster Volunteer Force placed a bomb at the entrance to a pub in New Lodge, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. It exploded, killing 15 people, injuring 17 others and destroying the building.

References 

1971 in Europe
1970s crimes in Europe
1970s disasters in Europe
1970s explosions
Attacks on bars
Attacks on buildings and structures in Northern Ireland
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1970s
Belfast
Building bombings in the United Kingdom
December events
Explosions in Northern Ireland
Mass murder in Northern Ireland
Mass murder in the 1970s
Terrorist incidents in the 1970s
The Troubles
Fort Rouge is the former name of the city of Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. Its exact location is unknown. Its name in English means "red fort".

1738 establishments
Winnipeg
Rice County (standard abbreviation: RC) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 9,427 people lived there. The county seat is Lyons. Lyons is also the biggest city in Rice County. The county was named after Samuel Allen Rice, Brigadier-General, United States volunteers, killed April 30, 1864, at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas.

History
In 1867, Rice County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.2%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 USD 328, Lorraine, serves Bushton and northwestern areas of the county
 USD 376, Sterling
 USD 401, Chase
 USD 405, Lyons
 USD 444, Little River

Colleges and Universities
 Sterling College, a private four year Christian college, is in Sterling.

Communities

Cities

 Alden
 Bushton
 Chase
 Frederick
 Geneseo
 Little River
 Lyons
 Raymond
 Sterling

References

Notes
References

Notes

More reading
County
 Standard Atlas of Rice County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 75 pages; 1919.
 Plat Book of Rice County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 44 pages; 1902.
 Handbook of Rick County, Kansas; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 38 pages; 1888.
Trails
 The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas; Almira Cordry; Crane Co; 164 pages; 1915.
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916.

Other websites

County
 
 Rice County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Rice County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1867 establishments in Kansas
Pratt County (standard abbreviation: PR) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 9,157 people lived there. The county seat is Pratt. Pratt is also the biggest city in Pratt County.

History
In 1867, Pratt County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.09%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Pratt USD 382
 Skyline USD 438

Communities

Cities
 Byers
 Coats
 Cullison
 Iuka
 Pratt
 Preston
 Sawyer

References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Pratt County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 67 pages; 1922.
 Standard Atlas of Pratt County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 54 pages; 1906.

Other websites

County
 
 Pratt County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Pratt County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1867 establishments in Kansas
Rawlins County (standard abbreviation: RA) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,561 people lived there. The county seat is Atwood. Atwood is also the biggest city in Rawlins County. It was named after Union Civil War General John Aaron Rawlins.

History
In 1873, Rawlins County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.1%) is water.

Major highways
 U.S. Highway 36
 Kansas Highway 25
 Kansas Highway 117

People

Government

Presidential elections

The county is part of the very Republican Kansas's 1st congressional district. It has voted for the Republican candidate for President in each of the last eighteen elections. The last Democrat to win the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. In the last five Presidential elections the Democratic candidate has never won more than 21% of the county's vote.

Education

Unified school districts
 Rawlins County USD 105

Communities

Incorporated cities
 Atwood
 Herndon
 McDonald
References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Rawlins County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 64 pages; 1906.

Other websites

County
 
 Rawlins County - Directory of Public Officials
 Rawlins County - Community Development
Other
 Rawlins County Square Deal News, newspaper
Maps
 Rawlins County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1873 establishments in Kansas
Meade County (standard abbreviation: ME) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 4,055 people lived there. The county seat is Meade. Meade is also the biggest city in Meade County. The county was created in 1873. It was named after General George G. Meade.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.1%) is water.

People

Government
Meade County is often won by Republican Candidates. The last time a democratic candidate has won this county was in 1936 by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Fowler USD 225
 Meade USD 226

Communities

Cities
 Fowler
 Meade
 Plains

References

Notes

More reading
 Plat Book of Meade County, Kansas; R. P. Ice Co; 43 pages; 1909.

Other websites
Other websites

County
 
 Meade County - Directory of Public Officials
General county information
 Meade County Economic Development
 Meade Chamber of Commerce
 Meade County History
Maps
 Meade County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1873 establishments in Kansas
Mitchell County (standard abbreviation: MC) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 5,796 people lived there. The county seat is Beloit. Beloit is also the biggest city in Mitchell County.

History
In 1867, Mitchell County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (2.4%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections
Before 1940, Mitchell County was a swing county. They voted for the national winner in every presidential election from 1900 to 1936. Since 1940, it has become very Republican. Only George H. W. Bush in 1992 failed win a majority in the county due to Ross Perot's strong showing in Kansas.

Education

Unified school districts
 Waconda USD 272
Glen Elder and Cawker City
 Beloit USD 273
most of county, except those zoned to Waconda and Hunter and Tipton, which are zoned to Sylvan Unified USD 299

Private schools
 St. John's Catholic High School
 Tipton Catholic High School
Colleges and universities
 North Central Kansas Technical College (Beloit)

Communities

Cities
 Beloit
 Cawker City
 Glen Elder
 Hunter
 Tipton
 Scottsville
 Simpson (partly in Cloud County)

References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Mitchell County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 73 pages; 1917.
 Standard Atlas of Mitchell County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 56 pages; 1902.
 Atlas of Mitchell County, Kansas; Gillen & Davy; 45 pages; 1884.

Other websites

County
 
 Mitchell County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Mitchell County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
Russell County (standard abbreviation: RS) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 6,691 people lived there. The county seat is Russell. Russell is also the biggest city in Russell County.

History
In 1867, Russell County was established.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.5%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Central Plains USD 112 (serves Dorrance and southeastern part of county south of I-70; extends into Barton, Ellsworth and Rice Counties)
 Sylvan-Lucas Unified USD 299 (serves Lucas, Luray and northeast part of county along K-18; extends into Lincoln County)
 Natoma/Paradise/Waldo USD 399 (serves Paradise, Waldo and northwest part of county along K-18; extends into Osborne and Rooks Counties)
 Russell USD 407 (serves cities of Russell, Gorham, Bunker Hill and rural south central and southwest parts of county; does not extend into any other counties)

Communities

Cities
Cities

 Bunker Hill
 Dorrance
 Gorham
 Lucas
 Luray
 Paradise
 Russell
 Waldo

References

Notes

More reading
County
 Russell County in the War : Being a Record of the War Activities of the County and the Part that it Played in the Great Struggle; John E. Wilson; Capper Printing; 190 pages; 1921.
 Plat Book of Russell County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 47 pages; 1901.
Trails
 Guide Map of the Best and Shortest Cattle Trail to the Kansas Pacific Railway; Kansas Pacific Railway Company; 1875. (Read Online)(Map)

Other websites

County
 
 Russell County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Russell County Fair, held the first week of August
Maps
 Russell County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1867 establishments in Kansas
Rush County (standard abbreviation: RH) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,956 people lived there. The county seat is La Crosse. La Crosse is also the biggest city in Rush County.

History

19th century
In 1867, Rush County was created. Rush County was organized on December 5, 1874. La Crosse and Rush Center competed to become the county seat. This lasted 10 years until La Crosse finally became the county seat.

20th century
The first county fair was held in 1910 south of Rush Center.

21st century
In 2015, the "Alexander Wind Farm" was built south of Alexander. It cost about $85 million. It generates 48 megawatts of power.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.03%) is water.

Walnut Creek, a tributary of the Arkansas River, goes through the county. Other streams help provide it water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Rush County is very Republican.

Education
Education

Unified school districts
 LaCrosse USD 395
 Otis-Bison USD 403

Communities

Cities

 Alexander
 Bison
 La Crosse
 Liebenthal
 McCracken
 Otis
 Rush Center
 Timken

References

More reading
 Plat book of Rush County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 33 pages; 1901.

Other websites

County
 
 Rush County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 History of Cities in Rush County
Maps
 Rush County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1867 establishments in Kansas
Ruanruan (; also called Rouran) is an extinct language of Mongolia and northern China. It was spoken in the Rouran Khaganate from the 4th to the 6th centuries CE. It is possibly Altaic or Sino–Tibetan.

Some say Ruan-ruan may be a Yeniseian language, a possible Sino-Tibetan language. 

In 2018, Brāhmī Bugut and Khüis Tolgoi inscriptions suggest that the Ruan-ruan language was a Mongolic language, close to Middle Mongolian.

References

Languages of China
Pages with unreviewed translations
Phillips County (standard abbreviation: PL) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 4,981 people lived there. The county seat is Phillipsburg. Phillipsburg is also the biggest city in Phillips County.

History
In 1867, Phillips County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.0%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Phillips County is very Republican. No Democratic Presidential candidate has won Phillips County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.

Education
Education

Unified school districts 
 Thunder Ridge USD 110 (Consolidation of Agra-Eastern Heights and Kensington-West Smith County)
Agra and small eastern portion of county; extends into western third of Smith County
 Northern Valley USD 212
Long Island and northwestern corner of county; extends into northeastern Norton County
 Phillipsburg USD 325
city of Phillipsburg and areas near and along US 183
 Logan USD 326
southwestern corner of county along and south of K-9; goes into southeastern Norton County

Communities

Cities

 Agra
 Glade
 Kirwin
 Logan
 Long Island
 Phillipsburg
 Prairie View
 Speed

References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Phillips County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 78 pages; 1917.
 Plat Book of Phillips County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 49 pages; 1900.

Other websites
Other websites

County
 
 Phillips County - Directory of Public Officials
 Phillips County - Economic Development
Maps
 Phillips County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1867 establishments in Kansas
Pawnee County (standard abbreviation: PN) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 6,253 people lived there. The county seat is Larned. Larned is also the biggest city in Pawnee County.

The county is named after the Pawnee Tribe.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.05%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections
Pawnee County has been mostly Republican for its history. However, there have been multiple time where it was considered a swing county. This means backing the national winner in all presidential elections from 1904 to 1936 as well as 1964 to 1988. It has moved away from bellwether status since 1988.

Education

Unified school districts
 Ft. Larned USD 495 
 Pawnee Heights USD 496

Communities

Cities
 Burdett
 Garfield
 Larned
 Rozel

References
References

More reading
County
 Along the Old Trail; Tucker Vernon Co; 190 pages; 1910.  History of Pawnee County (page 113 to 134).  Larned and Pawnee County at Present (page 135 to 190).
 Atlas and Plat Book of Pawnee County, Kansas; Kenyon Co; 37 pages; 1916.
 Plat Book of Pawnee County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 36 pages; 1902.
Trails
 
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916. (Download 6.8MB PDF eBook)

Other websites

County
 
 Pawnee County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Pawnee County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
Chautauqua County (county code CQ) is a county in Southeast Kansas. In 2020, 3,379 people lived there. Its county seat is Sedan. Sedan is also the biggest city in Chautauqua County. Chautauqua County is named after Chautauqua County, New York, where Edward Jaquins was born. Jaquins was a Kansas politician who was important in getting the county created.

History
Chautauqua County was created by an act of the Kansas legislature on June 1, 1875. They divided Howard County into Elk County (the northern half) and Chautauqua County (the southern half). At the time of its creation, about 7,400 people lived there.

The first white settlers in the area that became Chautauqua County came in July 1868.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.9%) is water.

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 U.S. Route 166
 Kansas Highway 38
 Kansas Highway 99

People

Government

Presidential elections
Chautauqua is a very Republican county. The only Republican to ever lose the county has been Herbert Hoover in 1932. Other than the never-Democratic, historically Yankee Doniphan County, Chautauqua County was the only Kansas county to give incumbent President William Howard Taft a plurality in 1912. The last Democrat to win thirty percent of the county’s vote was Michael Dukakis in 1988. In 2016 Hillary Clinton won only thirteen percent.

Education

Unified school districts
 Cedar Vale USD 285
 Sedan USD 286

Communities

Cities
Cedar Vale
Chautauqua
Elgin
Niotaze
Peru
Sedan

References

Notes

More reading
 Handbook of Elk and Chautauqua Counties, Kansas; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 24 pages; 1886.
 Standard Atlas of Chautauqua County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 66 pages; 1921.
 Standard Atlas of Chautauqua County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 32 pages; 1903.

Other websites
Other websites

County
 
 Chautauqua County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Chautauqua County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1875 establishments in Kansas
Chase County (county code CS) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,572 people lived there. Its county seat is Cottonwood Falls. Cottonwood Falls is also the biggest city in Chase County.  The center of population of Kansas is in Chase County, about four miles north of Strong City.

History
In 1859, Chase County was created in the Kansas Territory.

In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Emporia to Newton.  In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) to Superior, Nebraska.  This railroad connected Strong City, Neva, Rockland, Diamond Springs, Burdick, Lost Springs, Jacobs, Hope, Navarre, Enterprise, Abilene, Talmage, Manchester, Longford, Oak Hill, Miltonvale, Aurora, Huscher, Concordia, Kackley, Courtland, Webber, Superior.
The south-western border one mile "notch" into Marion County was created under strange circumstances. There was a murder. Marion County didn't want to have the trial, so a section one mile wide and eighteen miles long was given to Chase County. This was to make it so that the murder had happened there. The one mile strip of land is still part of Chase County.

Historical markers
 Landmark of Distinction - The Chase County Courthouse.
 Chase County and The Bluestem Pasture Region of Kansas.
 The Bluestem Pasture Region of Kansas.
 W. B. Strong Memorial Railroad Park.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water.

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 Interstate 35 All of I-35 in Chase County is part of the Kansas Turnpike. The general public can't get to it from inside the county.
 U.S. Route 50
 K-150
 K-177

People

Government

Presidential elections

Education
Education

Unified school districts
 USD 284, Chase County
 Cottonwood Falls, Strong City, Matfield Green, Cedar Point, Elmdale, Clements, Saffordville, Bazaar, Rural Areas
 Chase County Junior/Senior High School

District Office In Neighboring County
 USD 398, Peabody-Burns
 Wonsevu, Rural Areas
 Peabody-Burns Junior/Senior High School

Communities

Cities
 Cedar Point
 Cottonwood Falls
 Elmdale
 Matfield Green
 Strong City

References

More reading
 
 Chase County - Its Past, Present, and Future; Chase County Leader; May 28, 1914.
 Plat Book of Chase County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 39 pages; 1901.

Other websites

 
 Chase County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

1859 establishments in Kansas Territory
Cheyenne County (county code CN) is a county in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,616 people lived there. Its county seat is St. Francis. St. Francis is also the biggest city in Cheyenne County.

History
In 1873, Cheyenne County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.1%) is water.

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 U.S. Route 36
 Kansas Highway 27
 Kansas Highway 161

Time Zones
The county is in the Central Time zone, but is bordered by the Mountain Time Zone in three directions; it is the only county in the United States to be like this. Dundy County, Nebraska to the north, Yuma County, Colorado and Kit Carson County, Colorado to the west, and Sherman County to the south are all in the Mountain Time Zone. Because of this, Rawlins County is Cheyenne County's only neighbor to also practice Central Time.

People

Government
People

Government

Presidential elections
Cheyenne County is very Republican. Only four Republican presidential candidates since 1888 have lost the county.

Education

Unified school districts
 Cheylin USD 103
 St. Francis Schools USD 297

Communities

Cities
Bird City
St. Francis

References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Cheyenne County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 48 pages; 1907.

Other websites

County
 
 Cheyenne County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Cheyenne County Hospital
 St. Francis Herald
Maps
 Cheyenne County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1873 establishments in Kansas
Heqin means marriage alliance. The term is used in Chinese history. An emperor would marry one of his princesses to his enemy. In return they would have peace with the enemy. It did not always work, and many people hated it.

Marriage
Chinese culture
The Rouran () ruled northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

They were either proto-Mongols or Turkic. They spoke the Ruanruan language, an Altaic or Sino–Tibetan language.

They descended from the Xianbei. The Rouran are the first to use the words "khan" or "khagan". The Rouran Khaganate existed between the 4-6 centuries. They were then overthrown by the Gokturks. This led to the rise of the Turkic peoples.

The Rouran may have fled west after that and become part of the Pannonian Avars. The Göktürks chased after these "Avars" into the Byzantine Empire.

Where are they from? 
The Rouran were nomads. They lived in the eastern Eurasian Steppe (Mongolia and northeast China). They overthrew the Xianbei. Most Xianbei moved south and lived in Northern China. Kwok Kin Poon argues the Rouran descended from the Donghu Xianbei.

History 
The founder of the Rouran Khaganate was Yujiulu Shelun. He descended from slaves of the Xianbei. The Xianbei used the word rouran to mean "wriggling worms".
After the Xianbei moved south in the 3rd century, the Rouran took over and conquered a lot of land.

In 402 Shelun unified all of the Rouran. They defeated the neighboring Tiele and expanded to the Silk Roads. They then conquered and vassalized the Hephthalites (of Central Asia) until 5th century.

The Hepthalites then moved towards India and replaced the Yuezhi in Bactria. The Hephtalites borrowed much culture and language from the Rouran: including the word "Khan".

In 429, Northern Wei (where the Xianbei settled) attacked the Rouran and killed many.

In 434, the Rouran made a heqin with Northern Wei.

Between 440-460, the Northern Wei attacked and defeated the Rouran several times.

The Rouran made a heqin with the Han-Chinese ruler Gao Huan of Eastern Wei.

In 508, the Tiele defeated the Rouran.

In 516, the Rouran defeated the Tiele.
Overthrow by Gokturks 
In 551, Bumin of the Ashina Göktürks () defeated the Tiele revolt for the Rouran. In return Bumin asked for a Rouran princess (heqin). Rouran refused, so Bumin declared independence.

Bumin made a heqin with the Western Wei (descend from Northern Wei). Bumin then attacked the Rouran in 552, killing Yujiulü Anagui. Bumin then conquered Otuken.

He declared himself Illig Khagan and started the Turkic Khaganate. He died soon Bumin but his son Issik Qaghan succeeded him. Issik continued attacking the Rouran but died a year later in 553. His brother Muqan Qaghan finished the job and annihilated the Rouran in 555.

References

Eurasian nomads
History of Mongolia
Pages with unreviewed translations
Former countries in Asia
The Eurasian Steppe (or Ya'ou Steppe; 亚欧草原) is a steppe ecoregion (a huge stretch of grasslands) in north Eurasia. It stretches from Eastern Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, to Mongolia and north China. It is south of Siberia.

For most of history, nomads lived and wandered there on horseback. The horse may have came from the steppe, around Kazakhstan. With the horses the steppe was a highway that moved people from China to Europe. For this reason it became important for the Silk Road.

The steppe has been ruled by many empires. Examples are the Altaic people, Chinese, Slavic people, and Central Asians: including the Xiongnu, Scythians, Han dynasty, Xianbei, Sogdians, Turkic Khaganate, Khazars, Tang Dynasty, Mongol Empire, Russian Empire, and Qing dynasty.

References

History of Pakistan
Eastern Europe
Central Asia
Ötüken was the capital of the Turkic Khaganate. Otugan was around Mongolia and Central Asia on the Khangan Plateau. Ötüken probably stretched "from the Khangai Range of Central Mongolia to the Sayan Mountains of Tuva [Siberia], at the centre of which is the Orkhon Valley". which for centuries was regarded as the seat of the imperial power of the steppes.

It was also an important place in Turkic mythology and Tengrism. Otukan means Mother Earth.

References

History of Mongolia
Pages with unreviewed translations
The Chu (or Shu, from Chinese:  chǔ) is a river in northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan. It is 1067 km long and is one of the longest rivers in Central Asia, a landlocked region. They are the homeplace of the Dungan people, who moved there during the Qing dynasty.

Sources 

Coordinates on Wikidata
Geography of Kyrgyzstan
Rivers of Kazakhstan
Lake Balkhash () is located in Kazakhstan. It is one of the largest lakes in Asia and 15th largest in the world. 

It belongs to a Central Asian endorheic basin shared by Kazakhstan, China, and Kyrgyzstan. Water moves from the basin to Balqash via seven rivers. The most important one is the Ili River. Water in the Ili River comes from melted snow from the mountains of China's Xinjiang.
Lakes of Asia
Coordinates on Wikidata
The North–South Corridor (NSC), at first known as the North–South Expressway, will be the 11th expressway of Singapore. It will serve extra traffic along the north-south corridor that is currently being served by the Central Expressway (CTE). It was announced on 30 January 2008. It was announced during a major review of Singapore's transport network by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). The  expressway would cost about S$7–8 billion when to build. It is planned to be finished being built in 2026. It will connect the East Coast Parkway (ECP) with the northern parts of Singapore.

The NSC will have 16 entrances and 17 exits to connect towns along the north-south corridor. They are Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun, Ang Mo Kio, Bishan and Toa Payoh. It will connect them with the city centre. The NSC will also connect with already-built expressways, like the Seletar Expressway (SLE), Pan-Island Expressway (PIE) and East Coast Parkway (ECP).
According to the Land Transport Authority, the bus lanes along the NSC will reduce bus travelling times from Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun and Ang Mo Kio to the city by up to 30 minutes. It is done through morning and evening peak express bus services. It can speed up bus routes between towns along the NSC faster by allowing buses to use the ramps and bus lanes in it. A cycling path along the entire length of the highway will link up Park Connector Networks and cycling path networks within HDB towns along the entire road to the city centre.

At first, it was supposed to be built by 2023. Because of construction delays, it now can only be built by 2026.

History 
On 19 January 2011, the government allowed the expressway to be built. It was to be built between the roads Admiralty Road West and Toa Payoh Rise. On 15 November 2011, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) revealed the whole route of the North-South Corridor.
It was first planned to be an expressway for vehicles to be built by 2020. However, the corridor will now be built as Singapore's first "integrated transport corridor". It will have bus routes and cycling path along the entire expressway. Its construction was supposed to start in 2017, and it was supposed to be finally built by 2023. However, the first contract was only given in November 2017, with construction work starting in early 2018. 

Now, it is planned to be finished by 2026.

Route 
The NSC will stat at Admiralty Road West in the North of Singapore. It would go south and pass by Woodlands and Sembawang. It would have a junction with the Seletar Expressway. It would then go through Toa Payoh. It would run parallel with the Central Expressway, and then join the East Coast Parkway in the city.
The LTA tried to use as much state land as possible. This makes sure that as few private properties are take  as possible. Even though the expressway is underground in its Southern part, some land had to be taken. This is because there are MRT tunnels blocking its way. The Rochor Centre had to be demolished because of this. Some underpasses at Novena Square had to be demolished. The Ellison Building may also have to be demolished.

References 

Roads in Singapore
The expressways of Singapore are:
 East Coast Parkway
 Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway
 Central Expressway
 Pan Island Expressway
 Marina Coastal Expressway
 Tampines Expressway
 Ayer Rajah Expressway
 Seletar Expressway
 Kranji Expressway
 Bukit Timah Expressway

References 

Lists of roads
Roads in Singapore
Pentium 4 is a seventh generation single core Microprocessor of x86 architecture (32-bit), manufactured by Intel. Its first complete redesign CPU (called NetBurst) since the processor Pentium Pro, released in 1995. Compared to the Pentium II, Pentium III and Celeron processors, its architecture is little similar to the Pentium Pro/P6 processor design. The NetBurst microarchitecture contains a very deep instruction pipeline to be able to achieve very high frequencies. The Pentium 4 was known for being inefficient and producing a large amount of heat. Because of this, Intel introduced the Core 2 in 2006. Intel stopped making the Pentium 4 in 2008.

Intel processors
Processors released in the 21st century
The Lee-Enfield is a series of bolt-action rifles that was used by the British Armed Forces. It was the main British rifle for the first half of the 20th century, and was used until the end of the century.

While it was not as powerful as rifles used by other countries during both World War I and World War II, it was well-known for holding a lot of bullets and for having a very high rate of fire.

The Lee-Enfield can be loaded with two magazines of five British .303 bullets, allowing for the shooter to have up to ten bullets in the rifle at a time.

Even though bolt-action rifles tend to fire much more slowly than semi-automatic or fully automatic weapons, the Lee-Enfield can fire almost as fast as a semi-automatic rifle if the shooter is well-trained with the weapon. This is because the rifle's bolt needs very little movement to eject and load the rifle.

Rifles