Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Uncharted 4: A Thief's End is an action-adventure third-person shooter platform video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony. It marked the fourth game for the Uncharted series. The game was released on May 10, 2016.

The game's full in-engine trailer was shown during Sony's press conference at E3 2014 on June 9, 2014. A teaser trailer was released by Naughty Dog on November 14, 2013.

In March 2014, Amy Hennig and Justin Richmond left the studio. In June 2014, it was revealed that Neil Druckmann and Bruce Straley, game directors for The Last of Us, would be leading the game project.

References

Other websites
Official website

2016 video games
Adventure games
Naughty Dog games
PlayStation 4 games
Mykhailo Vasilyevich Chechetov (; 3 October 1953 – 27 February 2015) was a Ukrainian politician.

Chechetov committed suicide on the night of 27 February 2015 by jumping from the window of his apartment in Kiev.

References

1953 births
2015 deaths
Politicians who committed suicide
Suicides by jumping
Ukrainian politicians
Duck Commander is a company that makes duck calls. They also make duck and deer hunting equipment Their main office is in West Monroe, Louisiana, United States.

History
Phil Robertson, an American football quarterback at Louisiana Tech University, was originally going to play professional football in the NFL. He decided to start a company instead. He began his business in a dilapidated shed. He spent 25 years there making duck calls from Louisiana cedar trees. Phil's third son, Willie Robertson, is the company's chief executive officer. Willie expanded it into a multi-million dollar enterprise. The Robertson family and business are the subjects of Duck Dynasty, a reality television series on A&E. Before that, they were featured in the Duck Commander television show on the Outdoor Channel.

Filmography
 Duck Commander (2009–2010)
 Duck Dynasty (2012–present)

References

Other websites
Official website
Companies based in Louisiana
1972 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Louisiana
Manufacturing companies of the United States
Duck Dynasty is an American reality television series that portrays the lives of the Robertson family and the Duck Commander company.

Plot summary
The series centers around the Robertson family, specifically the long-bearded Robertson men. They include brothers Phil and Si, and Phil's sons Jase, Willie, and Jep. Their company Duck Commander in West Monroe, Louisiana,  makes products for duck hunters, primarily a duck call called Duck Commander.
Cast
 Phil Robertson – The family patriarch and creator of the Duck Commander duck call. Ex-quarterback, and " low-tech man in a high-tech world," with a dislike for "yuppies".
 Kay Robertson (née Carroway) – Phil's wife, usually addressed as "Miss Kay" by her husband and sons. She loves cooking and often has her entire family over for a home-cooked meal after a hard day's work.
 Si Robertson – Phil's brother; a Vietnam War veteran, and uncle to Phil and Miss Kay's four sons. Known for drinking tea from a Tupperware glass, and his storytelling, and his constant use of the expressions "Hey!" and "Jack"
 Willie Robertson – Phil and Miss Kay's third son, and CEO of Duck Commander.
 Korie Robertson (née Howard) – Willie's wife and business partner, who graduated from Harding University and is the office manager of Duck Commander. They have five children: adopted daughter Rebecca, John Luke, Sadie, adopted son Will (Li'l Will), and Bella.
Jase Robertson – Phil and Miss Kay's second son. Jase is in charge of the manufacturing aspects at Duck Commander.
 Missy Robertson (née West) – Jase's wife. They have three children: Reed, Cole, and Mia. She has been featured singing on the show.
Recurring cast
 Justin Martin – An employee at Duck Commander since 2002, mainly building duck calls, managing supplies, and overseeing the shipping department as well as being the decoy technician.
 John Godwin – An employee of Duck Commander, who is often given grief over his large figure.
 Mountain Man (Tim Guraedy) – A neighbor who operates his own air-conditioning repair business, and co-hosts a local radio talk show on KXKZ.
 Jimmy Red (Jimmy Gibson) – An old friend of Phil, Miss Kay, and Si; referred to as "Red" by Phil.

References

Other websites
 
Air-conditioning repair business Official Website

2012 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
American reality television series
Louisiana in fiction
English-language television programs
ZZ Top is an American rock band from Houston, Texas.

Band members

Current members
 Billy Gibbons – vocals, guitar (1969–present)
 Frank Beard – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1969–present)

Pre ZZ Top members
 Dusty Hill – bass, keyboards, vocals (1969; died 2021)
 Lanier Greig – organ, bass (1969; died 2013)
 Dan Mitchell – drums (1969)
 Billy Ethridge – bass (1969)

Discography
Studio albums
 ZZ Top's First Album (1971)
 Rio Grande Mud (1972)
 Tres Hombres (1973)
 Fandango! (1975)
 Tejas (1976)
 Degüello (1979)
 El Loco (1981)
 Eliminator (1983)
 Afterburner (1985)
 Recycler (1990)
 Antenna (1994)
 Rhythmeen (1996)
 XXX (1999)
 Mescalero (2003)
 La Futura (2012)

Other websites
Other websites

1969 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1969
Musical groups from Houston
Musical trios
Warner Bros. Records artists
Seasons in the Abyss is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band, Slayer. Seasons in the Abyss was released on October 9, 1990 through both Def American Records.

The album debuted at #40 on the Billboard 200. Seasons in the Abyss was certified Gold by both the RIAA in the United States and the CRIA in Canada.

Songs

Personnel
Slayer
 Tom Araya – bass, lead vocals
 Jeff Hanneman – lead and rhythm guitar
 Kerry King – lead and rhythm guitar
 Dave Lombardo – drums

Production
Rick Rubin – production
Andy Wallace – co-production, engineering, mixing
Larry Carroll – artwork, illustrations
Chris Rich – assistant engineer
David Tobocman – assistant engineer
Allen Abrahamson – assistant engineer
Robert Fisher – graphic design
Rick Sales – management
Howie Weinberg – mastering
Sunny Bak – photography
Marty Temme – photography

References

Other websites

1990 albums
Slayer albums
The Cane Corso is an ancient mastiff breed from Italy.  It is a large size dog which is very muscular and loves to run.  It is an excellent watchdog. The Cane Corso has been used to hunt animals such as wild boar.

The Cane Corso is highly intelligent, very trainable, and has a stable temperament. It’s skin is tough.  It has excellent hearing.  It is important that this dog be socialized early.  If carefully trained as a pup, it is very good with other people while always being highly protective of its owner. His name derives from the Latin "Cohors" which means "guardian," "protector." The dog is highly tolerant of pain and sometimes electric fences are ignored by the dog.  The dog also loves and needs daily exercise.

Early training of this dog is imperative. The owner must introduce the dog to his environment. This includes family, friends, nearby cats and dogs.  This is because the Cane Corso breed is first and foremost highly protective of its owner.

References
References

Molossers
FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in Italy
Holly Smale (born 7 December 1981) is a British writer. She wrote the best-selling, award-winning series Geek Girl.

Smale won the 2014 Waterstones Children's Book Prize. She was shortlisted for the Roald Dahl Funny Prize. She was recruited by a modelling agency at the age of 15. She modeled for 2 years before deciding to become a writer.

1981 births
Living people
English children's writers
The Benchwarmers is a 2006 American sports-comedy movie. It was directed by Dennis Dugan and was produced by Adam Sandler and Jack Giarraputo. The Benchwarmers was released on April 7, 2006.

Reception 
The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 11% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Schneider was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Actor.

Cast 
 Rob Schneider as Gus Matthews
 David Spade as Richie Goodman
 Jon Heder as Clark Reedy
 Jon Lovitz as Mel Carmichael
 Nick Swardson as Howie Goodman
 Craig Kilborn as Jerry
 Molly Sims as Liz Matthews
 Tim Meadows as Wayne
 Amaury Nolasco as Carlos
 Bill Romanowski as Karl
 Reggie Jackson as himself
 Max Prado as Nelson
 Danny McCarthy as Troy
 Sean Salisbury as Brad
 Matt Weinberg as Kyle
 John P. Farley as Swimmer Boy
 Terry Crews as Steven (Poker Guy #1)
 Dennis Dugan as Coach Bellows
 William Daniels as K.I.T.T. (voice)
 Joey Gnoffo as Marcus Elwood

References

Other websites
Other websites 

2006 comedy movies
2000s sports comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
2000s buddy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Buena Vista International movies
Movies directed by Dennis Dugan
The Hot Chick is a 2002 American comedy movie. It was directed by Tom Brady and was produced by John Schneider and Carr D'Angelo. The Hot Chick was released on December 13, 2002. The movie is about teenage girl and a 30-year-old criminal who have their minds magically swapped.

The movie had negative reviews from critics and holds a 21% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the movie two thumbs down. Ebert also gave the movie half a star out of a four and said "The MPAA rates this PG-13. It is too vulgar for anyone under 13, and too dumb for anyone over 13."
Cast 
 Rob Schneider as Clive Maxtone/Jessica Spencer
 Anna Faris as April
 Rachel McAdams as Jessica Spencer/Clive Maxtone
 Matthew Lawrence as Billy
 Eric Christian Olsen as Jake
 Michael O'Keefe as Mr. Richard Spencer
 Melora Hardin as Mrs. Carol Spencer
 Alexandra Holden as Lulu
 Maritza Murray as Keecia "Ling-Ling" Jackson
 Tamera Mowry as Sissie
 Tia Mowry as Venetia
 Sam Doumit as Eden
 Megan Kuhlmann as Hildenburg
 Angie Stone as Madame Mambuza
 Matt Weinberg as Booger Spencer
 Jodi Long as Keecia's mother
 Maria-Elena Laas as Bianca
 Lee Garlington as Vice Principal Marjorie Bernard
 Robert Davi as April's father
 Leila Kenzle as April's mother
 Dick Gregory as Bathroom attendant
 Ashlee Simpson as Monique
 Michelle Branch as Club DJ
 Scott Dolezal as Night Club bartender
 Adam Sandler as Mambuza Bongo Guy (uncredited)
 Shazia Ali as Princess Nawa
 Vivian Corado as Slave Girl
 Jenna Dewan as Bianca Salsa Girl

References

Other websites
Other websites 

2002 comedy movies
2000s buddy movies
2000s criminal comedy movies
2000s fantasy-comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
2000s teen comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
Body swapping in fiction
Female buddy movies
English-language movies
Cross-dressing in movies
Carol Dempster (December 9, 1901 – February 1, 1991) was an American actress. She was a silent movie star who appeared in movies from 1916 through 1926. She married a wealthy banker and retired from the movie industry. In her later years she was famous for her  philanthropy.

Career 
Dempster was born December 9, 1901 in Duluth, Minnesota. She was the youngest of four children. Her father was John W. Dempster and her mother was Carrie M. (Acker) Dempster. Her father changed careers when Carol was still a baby and moved the family to California.
She studied dance at the Ruth St. Denis dancing school. There she was noticed by movie director D. W. Griffith who used her as a dancer in his movie "Intolerance" (1916). Griffith then gave her a role in A Romance of Happy Valley (1919). The movie featured the popular acting team of Robert Herron and Lillian Gish. Dempster's first starring role came in the movie The Girl Who Stayed at Home (1919). Lillian Gish was supposed to get the role, but was reportedly "tired" and Griffith cast Dempster instead. Critics gave Dempster only mild praise. Her first solo starring role was in "The Love Flower" (1920). It was at this time critics began comparing her to Lillian Gish. But it was Griffith who directed her to sound like Gish and his other legendary female stars. It was about this time that Dempster became romantically involved with Griffith. Her first non-Griffith movie was in 1922. She starred in Sherlock Holmes with John Barrymore. Her movie Isn't Life Wonderful? (1924) was well received by critics
. She starred in two movies with W. C. Fields for Paramount Pictures, Sally of the Sawdust (1925), and That Royle Girl (1925). Her best performance may have been in her last movie The Sorrows of Satan (1926).
Later life 
In July 1929 Dempster was scarred in a car accident in California. A month later she married wealthy investment banker Edwin Skinner Larsen at her rural New York home. After the couple traveled to Europe, Dempster announced her retirement from acting. She and her husband lived in La Jolla, California. She died there on February 1, 1991 from heart failure. Carol Dempster was buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park cemetery in Glendale, California. Upon her death, Dempster left $1.6 million USD to the San Diego Museum of Art. The money was to add to the museum's collections of prints and drawings. She and her husband had made several previous gifts to the museum. These included Francisco Zuniga's sculpture "Mother and Daughter Seated" and Thomas Eakins' painting "Elizabeth Crowell and her Dog".

References

1901 births
1991 deaths
Actors from Minnesota
American movie actors
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in San Diego County
Nancy Kulp (August 28, 1921 – February 3, 1991) was an American actress. She played Miss Jane Hathaway on The Beverly Hillbillies. She also played Anastasia in the NBC sitcom It's a Great Life.

She was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She died from cancer in Palm Desert, California at age 69.

References

Other websites

Actors from Pennsylvania
American military personnel of World War II
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in California
1921 births
1991 deaths
50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Peter Segal. It was produced by Jack Giarraputo, Steve Golin, and Nancy Juvonen. 50 First Dates was released on February 13, 2004.

The movie got negative reviews from critics. It has a 44% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert gave the movie three out of four stars. He said "The movie is sort of an experiment for Sandler. He reveals the warm side of his personality, and leaves behind the hostility, anger and gross-out humor... The movie doesn't have the complexity and depth of Groundhog Day... but as entertainment it's ingratiating and lovable."

Release Dates
Release Dates

Cast 
 Adam Sandler as Henry Roth
 Drew Barrymore as Lucy Whitmore
 Rob Schneider as Ula
 Sean Astin as Doug Whitmore
 Blake Clark as Marlin Whitmore
 Lusia Strus as Alexa
 Dan Aykroyd as Dr. Keats
 Amy Hill as Sue
 Pomaika'i Brown as Nick
 Allen Covert as Ten-Second Tom
 Missi Pyle as Noreen
 Maya Rudolph as Stacy
 Kevin James as Factory worker
 Lynn Collins as Linda
 Scott Menville as a man at the restaurant (uncredited)

Soundtrack
The Soundtrack of the 1980s and 1990s tracklist.

Tracklist

References

Other websites 

Official website

2004 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies set in Hawaii
Movies directed by Peter Segal
The Division of Mayo is an Australian electoral division in the hills east of Adelaide, South Australia. It includes the Adelaide Hills, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island, including the towns of Bridgewater, Crafers, Echunga, Gumeracha, Hahndorf, Langhorne Creek, Lobethal, Macclesfield, Mount Barker, Myponga, Oakbank, Stirling, Strathalbyn, Victor Harbor, Woodside, Yankalilla, and part of Birdwood.

It was set up in 1984 and is named after Helen Mayo, the first woman elected to an Australian University Council.

Members

Alexander Downer's father and grandfather were federal politicians. Downer was Leader of the Opposition, and became Foreign Minister in the Howard Government. His resignation from parliament caused a by-election for Mayo in 2008.

Election results

References
 ABC profile for Mayo: 2013
 AEC profile for Mayo: 2013
 Poll Bludger profile for Mayo: 2013

Other websites

Electoral divisions of Australia
South Australia
1984 establishments in Australia
Novospassky Monastery (New monastery of the Saviour, ), is one of the oldest monasteries in Moscow. The first monastery was built in the 14th century. At that time it was inside the walls of the Kremlin. In 1491 the monastery was moved to new buildings on the banks of the Moskva River. It was called the "new monastery". 

In 1571 and 1591, the wooden buildings were attacked by the Crimean Tatars. In 1612, the Tsar, Michael of Russia, had the monastery completely rebuilt. This included the thick stone walls which made it one of the fortified monasteries on the edge of Moscow. These new stone walls were 7.5 meters high and 2 meters thick. They were 782 meters in length, and included six towers. These are the buildings which are still standing. The bell-tower, one of the tallest in Moscow, and the Sheremetev sepulchre in the church of the Sign, were added in the 18th century,
The monastery was supported by Andrei Kobyla's descendants, including the Sheremetyev and Romanov boyars. They used it as their burial vault. Among the last Romanovs buried in the monastery were Xenia Shestova (the mother of the first Romanov Tsar), Princess Tarakanova (a pretender who claimed to have been the only daughter of Empress Elisabeth) and Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia.

Monastery buildings
The Cathedral of the Transfiguration, (1645-49), a large five-domed katholikon with frescoes by the finest Muscovite painters of the 17th century
The Intercession Church, or Church of the Veil of the Virgin (1673-1675) with a refectory
The Church of the Sign or Church of the Znamenie Icon of the Virgin (1791-1795)
The bell tower (1759-1785)
The infirmary Church of St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker and monks' living quarters
The house of Patriarch Filaret
The House of Loaf-Giving.
The monastery was closed in 1918 and used as a prison. The cemetery was removed between 1927 and 1930. For a time it was used as a hospital for alcoholics. In 1968 it became a museum of history and an art restoration institute. In 1991 it was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.

Other websites

Official Page of the Monastery, in Russian

References 

Monasteries
Russian Orthodox Church

Buildings and structures in Moscow
17th-century buildings and structures
The Hebridean Terrane is one of the terranes that form part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland. Its boundary with the neighbouring Northern Highland Terrane is formed by the Moine Thrust Belt.

The basement rock is formed by Archaean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses of the Lewisian complex. They are overlaid unconformably by the Neoproterozoic Torridonian sediments. This in turn is unconformably overlain by a sequence of Cambro–Ordovician sediments. It formed part of the Laurentian foreland during the Caledonian continental collision.

The Hebridean Terrane is the westernmost strip of mainland Scotland, most of the Inner Hebrides and all of the Outer Hebrides. Similar rocks are also thought to be present on Shetland. They have been proved west and north of the Outer Hebrides by BGS shallow boreholes and hydrocarbon exploration wells. The full extent of this terrane to the west is obscured by the effects of Mesozoic rifting.
Some similar rocks occur in Shetland, which are the northern outpost of the Caledonian orogeny,

References 

Geography of Scotland
Sudden cardiac death is a condition where a person dies because the heart fails to work. It’s very common, about 80% of the people have other heart problems. In general three conditions are present:
A problem with the heart
Irregular heartbeat, known as cardiac arrhythmia
An external cause
In general, people become unconscious within one hour from the onset of symptoms.

Heart disease
Edsvalla is a locality in Karlstad Municipality in Värmland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,016 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Varmland County
Helsingør is a city in eastern Denmark. It is on the northeastern part of Zealand. 

Cities in Denmark
1420s establishments in Europe
Establishments in Denmark
The Division of Port Adelaide was an Australian electoral division in the state of South Australia. It included the suburbs of Alberton, Beverley, Birkenhead, Cheltenham, Findon, Kilkenny, Largs Bay, Mansfield Park, North Haven, Ottoway, Parafield Gardens, Paralowie, Pennington, Port Adelaide, Queenstown, Rosewater, Salisbury Downs, Semaphore, Woodville, West Croydon, and part of Seaton. The seat also included Torrens Island and Garden Island.

It was set up in 1949, and was named after Port Adelaide, the working port of Adelaide.

The Division was abolished in 2019 when a redistribution cut South Australia's divisions from 11 to 10.

Members

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results
 2016 election results

References
 ABC profile for Port Adelaide: 2013
 AEC profile for Port Adelaide: 2013
 Poll Bludger profile for Port Adelaide: 2013

Other websites
 Mark Butler's website
Former electoral divisions of Australia
South Australia
1949 establishments in Australia
June Diane Raphael (b. January 4, 1980) is an American actress, comedian and screenwriter. She studied acting at New York University. She played Ann in the movie Forgetting Sarah Marshall. She also played Amanda in Bride Wars.

Raphael was born in Rockville Centre, New York.

References

Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
American television writers
New York University alumni
Screenwriters from New York (state)
1980 births
Living people
Smokin' Aces is a 2006 American crime thriller movie. It is about a Las Vegas Strip magician who became a mafia informant and the FBI agent who is assigned to protect him. Taraji P. Henson plays Sharice. Ray Liotta plays Donald. Alicia Keys plays Georgia.

The movie got negative reviews from critics. It made more than $54 million worldwide.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

2006 crime thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies set in Nevada
This is a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. It starts in the Early Dynastic Period, before 3100 BC. It ends with the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus in 30 BC.

The dates given are approximate. The list of pharaohs uses the dates of Ancient Egypt,  developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology.

Old lists of pharaohs
There are old lists of pharaohs which have been discovered. These are not complete:
 Palermo Stone
 Turin King List
 Manetho's book, Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt)
 Abydos King List
 Karnak Tablet
 South Saqqara Stone (discovered 1923, includes the Sixth Dynasty kings)
 Saqqara Tablet (discovered 1861, includes dynasties from 1–12)

Other lists can be found in Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, and Eratosthenes. Two other lists are not believed to be reliable, these are the work of "the Arabic writers", and the Book of Sothis.
List
In the legendary period, there were eight god kings who ruled over Egypt. The Palermo, Turin and Manetho king lists, have different names for the eight god kings.

The god kings were followed by kings who were part god and part human. The old lists are different in naming these rulers.

Archaic period
The Archaic period includes the Early Dynastic Period, when Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt were ruled as separate kingdoms.

Early Dynastic: Lower Egypt
Lower Egypt was the northern Nile and the Nile Delta. The list may not be complete:

Early Dynastic: Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt was the Nile Valley, south of the Delta. The following list may not be complete (there are many more of uncertain existence):

First Dynasty
The First Dynasty ruled from about 3150 to 2890 BC.

In the interregnum between the first and second dynasties, two short lived pharaohs may have reigned :

Second Dynasty
The Second Dynasty ruled c. 2890–2686 BC.

Old Kingdom
Old Kingdom

The Old Kingdom was a peak of civilisation and achievement. This was the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilization in the Nile Valley. It began when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through the Sixth Dynasty (2686–2181 BC). Many Egyptologists also include the Memphite Seventh and Eighth Dynasties in the Old Kingdom. The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity called the First Intermediate Period, or as the Egyptians called it, the "first illness."

The royal capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom was at Memphis. This is where Djoser set up his court. The Old Kingdom is known for the large number of pyramids. These were built as tombs for the pharoahs. The Old Kingdom is called "the Age of the Pyramids".

Third Dynasty
The Third Dynasty ruled from 2686 to 2613 BC.
Fourth Dynasty
The Fourth Dynasty ruled from 2613 to 2498 BC. It included the pharaohs who had the Great Pyramids built, Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycerinus).
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
|-
! width="15%" | Name
! width="15%" | Image
! width="50%" | Comments
! width="20%" | Dates
|-
|Sneferu||  || Built the Meidum Pyramid and the Bent Pyramid (341 ft/103m from the base to the tip). The Bent Pyramid has normal angles at the bottom but changes at the top. He also built the first "true" pyramid, the Red Pyramid. Some say that he was buried in the Red Pyramid, while others say that he was buried in the Bent Pyramid. Bones have been found at the Red Pyramid, but there is no evidence that this is Sneferu's body. || |2613–2589 BC
|-
|-
|Khufu||  || Greek form: Cheops. Built the great pyramid of Giza. In some early sources, Khufu is listed as the "third" of his family to rule, but there is no known record of a pharaoh between Sneferu and Khufu. It is possible that there might have been a short reign of some elder brother of Khufu, whose inscriptions, names, and monuments have gone for one reason or another. || 2589–2566 BC 
|-
|Djedefra (Radjedef) ||  || Believed to have created the Great Sphinx of Giza as a monument to his father. He also created a pyramid at Abu Rawash.  The stones from this pyramid were reused by the Romans. The pyramid may have been the highest ever built, about 20 meters taller than the Great Pyramid of Giza, because of its elevated location rather than the size from base to tip. || 2566–2558 BC 
|-
|Khafre||  || Greek form: Chephren His pyramid is the second largest in Giza. Some Egyptologists say he was the builder of the Great Sphinx of Giza. || 2558–2532 BC
|-
|-
| — || – || Here some sources have Bikheris, following Manetho ||   —
|-
|Menkaura||  || Greek form: Mycerinus. His pyramid is the third and smallest in Giza. || 2532–2503 BC
|-
|Shepseskaf||  || Did not build a pyramid and instead had the Mastabat el-Fara'un made for himself || 2503–2498 BC
|-
|Djedefptah|| – || Here some sources put Djedefptah also known as Thampthis, following Manetho || —
|}
Fifth Dynasty
The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC.

Sixth Dynasty
The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BC.

First Intermediate Period
The First Intermediate Period (2181–2060 BC) is between the end of the Old Kingdom and the start of the Middle Kingdom.

The Old Kingdom rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II. He had reigned for 94 years, longer than any monarch in history, and died aged 100. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age.

The Union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting famine.

Around 2160 BC, a new line of pharaohs tried to reunite Lower Egypt from their capital in Herakleopolis Magna. Another line of pharaohs at Thebes was reuniting Upper Egypt and a clash between the two rival dynasties was inevitable.

Around 2055 BC, Mentuhotep II, the son and successor of pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs and reunited the Two Lands. This was the start of the Middle Kingdom.
Seventh and Eighth Dynasties (combined)
The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ruled from c. 2181 to c. 2160 BC. Many of the kings only ruled for a short time from  Memphis, with Egypt divided into competing regions.
This table is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I, and the Turin canon.

Ninth Dynasty
The Ninth Dynasty ruled from 2160 to 2130 BC. The Turin King List has 18 kings in the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties. Of these, twelve names are missing and four are not complete.

Tenth Dynasty
The Tenth Dynasty was a local group that ruled over Lower Egypt from 2130 to 2040 BC.

Eleventh Dynasty
The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group from Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. The 11th dynasty came from a group of Theban nomarchs who served the kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty.

The successors of Intef the Elder, starting with Mentuhotep I, eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II.
Middle Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom (2060–1802 BC) started at the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. Some scholars include the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom began to trade outside of the kingdom. This opening of trade led to the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, caused by an invasion from the Hyksos.

Eleventh Dynasty continued
The second part of the Eleventh Dynasty is considered to be part of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

 Twelfth Dynasty 
The Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 to 1802 BC. It is considered by later Egyptians to have been their greatest dynasty.

Second Intermediate Period
The Second Intermediate Period (1802–1550 BC) was a time of chaos between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom. During this time, the Hyksos, who later became the Fifteenth Dynasty, arrived in Egypt.
The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the two lands of Egypt. Either at the start of the dynasty, c. 1805 BC or toward the middle of it in c. 1710 BC, the ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the eastern Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Canaanite Fourteenth Dynasty.

The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV. About 1720 BC they took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. About 1650 BC the Hyksos, perhaps led by Salitis the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, conquered Memphis, which ended the 13th dynasty. When the 13th dynasty collapsed, the 16th dynasty to declared its independence in Thebes. It was soon taken over by the Hyksos kings..
When the Hyksos left Upper Egypt, the Egyptian ruling house in Thebes set itself up as the Seventeenth Dynasty. This dynasty under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom, forced the Hyksos out of Egypt and back into Asia

Thirteenth Dynasty
The Thirteenth Dynasty (following the Turin King List) ruled from 1802 to around 1649 BC. Manetho said it lasted for about 154 years. 

The position of the following kings is uncertain:

Fourteenth Dynasty
The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Avaris. They ruled from either from 1805 BC or c. 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. The dynasty had many rulers with West Semitic names and is believed to have been Canaanite in origin.

The position and identity of the following pharaohs is uncertain:

The Turin King List has extra names, but no other evidence has been found.
Fifteenth Dynasty
The Fifteenth Dynasty was started by the Hyksos people who emerged from the Fertile Crescent. They ruled over much of the Nile region, from 1674 to 1535 BC.

Abydos Dynasty
The Second Intermediate Period may include an independent dynasty reigning over Abydos from c. 1650 BC until 1600 BC. There are four known kings in the Abydos Dynasty, the order in which they ruled is unknown:

Sixteenth Dynasty
The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native Theban dynasty. It began during the collapse of the Memphis-based 13th dynasty c. 1650 BC and finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty c. 1580 BC. The 16th dynasty only ruled over Upper-Egypt.

The 16th Dynasty may have included the pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi III and Nebmaatre. Their chronological position is uncertain.Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46. Mainz am Rhein, 1997

Seventeenth Dynasty
The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BC:
The early 17th Dynasty may also have included Nebmaatre, whose dates are uncertain.

New Kingdom

The New Kingdom (1550–1077 BC) includes the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th to the 11th century BC. It is between the Second Intermediate Period and the Third Intermediate Period.

During the New Kingdom, Egypt's armies were able to capture nearby countries. Egypt controlled Nubia in the south, and held territories in the Near East. Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria. During the New Kingdom, Egypt controlled more territory than at any other time in its history.
Two of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten and Ramesses II. Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, worshipped the god Aten. This is seen as the first monotheistic religion. Ramesses II was a powerful military ruler. He tried to recapture the territories in what is now modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. At the Battle of Qadesh he led the Egyptian armies in battle against the Hittite king Muwatalli II.

 Eighteenth Dynasty 
The Eighteenth Dynasty ruled from c. 1550 to 1292 BC:

 Nineteenth Dynasty 
The Nineteenth Dynasty ruled from 1292 to 1186 BC and includes one of the greatest pharaohs, Rameses II the Great:

 Twentieth Dynasty 
The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC:

Third Intermediate Period
The Third Intermediate Period (1077–732 BC) marked the end of the New Kingdom. After the collapse of the Egyptian empire, some dynasties of Libyan origin ruled Egypt. This is also known as the Libyan Period.
Twenty-First Dynasty
The Twenty-First Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. They were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1069 to 943 BC

Twenty-Second Dynasty
The pharaohs of the Twenty-Second Dynasty were Libyans, ruling from around 943 to 728 BC:

Twenty-Third Dynasty
The Twenty-Third Dynasty was another Libyan group, based at Herakleopolis and Thebes. They ruled from 837 to c. 735 BC:

Rudamun was succeeded in Thebes by a local ruler: 

The Libu
Not really a dynasty, the Libu were another group of western nomads from Libya who controlled the western Delta from 805 to 732 BC.

 Twenty-Fourth Dynasty 
The Twenty-fourth Dynasty was a short-lived rival dynasty in the western Delta (Sais). There were only two Pharaohs, ruling from 732 to 720 BC.

 Late period 
The Late Period runs from 732 BC to Egypt becoming a province of Rome in 30 BC, and includes periods of rule by Nubians, Persians, and Macedonians.
Twenty-fifth Dynasty 
Nubians invaded Lower Egypt and took the throne of Egypt under Piye although they already controlled Thebes and Upper Egypt in the early years of Piye's reign. Piye's conquest of Lower Egypt established the Twenty-fifth Dynasty which ruled until 656 BC.

They were forced from Egypt back into Nubia, where they set up a kingdom at Napata (656–590), and, later, at Meroë (590 BC – 4th century AD).

 Twenty-sixth Dynasty 
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty ruled from around 672 to 525 BC.

 Twenty-seventh Dynasty 
Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and ruled by the Persians until 404 BC. The Achaemenid shahs were the pharaohs in this era, forming a "Twenty-seventh" Dynasty:

Twenty-eighth Dynasty
The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only six years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh:

Twenty-ninth Dynasty
The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC:

Thirtieth Dynasty
The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC:
Thirty-first Dynasty
Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. The Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are sometimes listed as the Thirty-first Dynasty:

Argead Dynasty
The Macedonians under Alexander the Great brought in the Hellenistic period with his capture of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC:

Ptolemaic Dynasty
The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC. If two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency. The most famous member of this dynasty was Cleopatra VII. In modern times she is known simply as Cleopatra. She was  the consort of Julius Caesar and after Caesar's death, of Mark Antony, and had children with both of them. Cleopatra tried to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome. This failed with the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony. Caesarion (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. He reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. Between Cleopatra's death on August 12, 30 BC, up to his own death on August 23, 30 BC, he was the sole pharaoh
. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the Roman emperor Augustus, but there is no evidence.
Rome
Cleopatra VII had affairs with the Roman Dictator Julius Caesar and Roman General Marc Antony. She killed herself when Antony was defeated by Octavian (later be Emperor Augustus). Egypt then became a province of Rome in 30 BC. Roman Emperors were given the title of Pharaoh, although exclusively while in Egypt. One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius. See the list of Roman Emperors.

Notes

References
 J. H. Breasted, History of Egypt from the Earliest Time to the Persian Conquest, 1909
 J. Cerny, 'Egypt from the Death of Ramesses III to the End of the Twenty-First Dynasty' in The Middle East and the Aegean Region c.1380-1000 BC, Cambridge University Press,
Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. 
 Sir Alan Gardiner Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, Third Edition, Revised. London: Oxford University Press, 1964. Excursus A, pp. 71–76.
 Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, (Blackwell Books: 1992)
 Murnane, William J. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. No. 40. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1977
 Michael Rice, Who's Who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge 1999
 Ryholt, Kim & Steven Bardrum. 2000. "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris." Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 127' Shaw, Ian. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt., Oxford University Press, 2000.
 Shaw, Garry. The Pharaoh, Life at Court and on Campaign, Thames and Hudson, 2012.
 Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge 1999,
Verner, Miroslav, The Pyramids - Their Archaeology and History, Atlantic Books, 2001, 
 Egypt, History & Civilisation'' By Dr. R Ventura. Published by Osiris, PO Box 107 Cairo.
Other websites
 Egyptian chronology site 
 Egyptian Royal Genealogy 
 Manetho and the King Lists  Review of different primary king lists
 Chronology Table - 0 Dynasty&History Period, by Dariusz Sitek  Multi-pages of list of pharaohs in different king lists, without the god kings, in Egyptian hieroglyphs and English
 Egyptian Journey 2003: History: King Lists Hyperlink texts of the Manetho, Abydos & Turin king lists, without the god-kings
 Digital Egypt for Universities
 List of all female Pharaohs 

Pharaohs
Caitlin Jean Stasey (born 1 May 1990) is an Australian actress and singer. She is best known for her role in the soap opera Neighbours. She also has appeared in television series such as The Sleepover Club, Please Like Me and Reign. She also appeared in the movies Tomorrow, When the War Began (2010), All Cheerleaders Die (2013), Lust for Love (2014) and I, Frankenstein (2014).

Stasey was born in Melbourne, Victoria. Her English parents are from Norwich. She is a feminist. She married American actor Lucas Neff in 2016.

References

Other websites

 

1990 births
Living people
Actors from Melbourne
Australian child actors
Australian feminists
Australian LGBT people
Australian movie actors
Australian singers
Australian television actors
Musicians from Melbourne
LGBT actors
The process 
Defragmentation is the process of rearranging the different parts, so that they are stored next to each other. This is usually done by copying them to a different place on the disk. Defragmentation is relevant to file systems on electromechanical disk drives. To read each part,  the head of the hard disk needs to reposition itself to the area where the part is stored.

The problem of defragmentation is that it  is takes a long time and in some cases, the file system cannot be changed while it is in progress. For that reason, defragmentation should not be done, when it can be avoided.

There are different kinds of files, some of them are modified more often. It is often a good practice to put them on different partitions, as most Unix-like operating systems do. Also, the design of hard drives has changed over time, which will make the effects of defragmentation less visible.
Media that uses flash memory, such as solid-state disks, do not benefit from defragmentation, as there are no moving parts than need to be re-positioned.

Computing
The Sweden Box Open was an international amateur boxing event in Sweden. It was held between 1980 and 1997 The event was often held in January. It was usually held in Stockholm as the Stockholm Box Open. The 1995 and 1996 editions were held in Sundsvall and Timrå.

The event was one of the major amateur boxing competitions in Europe.

References

1980 establishments in Sweden
1997 disestablishments in Sweden
Boxing
Sport in Stockholm
Sundsvall
Skara HF is a handball club in Skara, Sweden. It was established on 8 April 1993 when Hangelösa HF and Stenums IF merged their handball sections. The women's team has played in the Swedish top division during the 1990s.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

1993 establishments in Sweden
Handball clubs in Sweden
The Swedish Ski Games () is an annual cross-country skiing event in Sweden. It was started in Sundsvall in 1947. It was moved to Falun in 1959. Ski jumping and Nordic combined skiing were included up to 1991 as a recurring event. Alpine skiing was also included between 1950 and 1953 (in Åre). Biathlon was included in 1984. The event is usually held in February or March as one of the final World Cup competitions during the season. The event is usually held at  Lugnet. Sometimes the lack of snow has required the event to be moved to other places in Sweden.

Events
1947 – Sundsvall
 1948 – Östersund
 1949 – Sollefteå
 1950 – Östersund
 1951 – Sundsvall
 1952 – Falun
 1953 – Boden
 1954 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 1955 – Stockholm-Nässjö
 1956 – Falun
 1957 – Sollefteå
 1958 – No competitions held
 1959 – Falun
 1960 – Falun/Sälen/Transtrand
 1961 – Falun
 1962 – Falun/Bjursås
 1963 – Falun
 1964 – Kiruna
 1965 – Falun
 1966 – Umeå/Örnsköldsvik
 1967 – Falun
 1968 – Falun
 1969 – Falun
 1970 – Falun
 1971 – Falun/Bjursås
 1972 – Lycksele
 1973 – Falun
 1974 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 1975 – Falun
 1976 – Falun
 1977 – Falun
 1978 – Falun
 1979 – Falun
 1980 – Falun (women's 20 kilometers world championship)
 1981 – Falun
 1982 – Falun
 1983 – Falun
 1984 – Falun
 1985 – Falun
 1986 – Falun
 1987 – Falun
 1988 – Falun
 1989 – Falun
 1990 – Lycksele/Örnsköldsvik
 1991 – Falun
 1992 – Falun
 1993 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 1994 – Falun
 1995 – Falun
 1996 – Falun
 1997 – Falun
 1998 – Falun
1998 – Falun
 1999 – Falun
 2000 – Falun
 2001 – Falun
 2002 – Falun
 2003 – Falun
 2004 – Falun
 2005 – Falun
 2006 – Falun
 2007 – Falun
 2008 – Falun
 2009 – Falun
 2010 – Falun
 2011 – Falun
 2012 – Falun
 2013 – Falun
 2014 – Falun
 2015 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 2016 – Falun
 2017 – Falun
 2018 – Falun
 2019 – Falun
 2020 – Falun
 2021 – Falun
References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Earlier winners  

1947 establishments in Sweden
Skiing in Sweden
Transtrand is a locality in Malung-Sälen Municipality in Dalarna County in Sweden. In 2010, 386 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Dalarna County
The Lawnmower Man is a 1992 science fiction-horror movie. It is about a simple-minded gardener who later becomes intelligent. A priest punishes him for not completing his chores. He then gains special powers. Pierce Brosnan plays Dr. Lawrence Angelo.

The movie got mixed reviews from the critics. It made over $32 million at the box office.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1992 science fiction movies
1992 horror movies
1990s science fiction horror movies
American science fiction horror movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
Man Trouble is a 1992 American romantic comedy movie. Ellen Barkin plays Joan. Jack Nicholson plays Harry. Beverly D'Angelo plays Andy. It was directed by Bob Rafelson and written by Carole Eastman, who together had been responsible for 1970's Five Easy Pieces.

This movie did not have good reviews from critics. It flopped at the box office.

Other websites

 
 

1992 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
1990s English-language movies
Italian romance movies
Italian comedy movies
Movies set in California
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Bob Rafelson‏‎
Melina Mercouri (31 October 1925 – 6 March 1994) was a Greek actress, singer, and politician.

Personal Life 
Mercouri’s parents were Stamatis Mercouris and Irene Lappa. Her father was the governor of a section of Athens. She went to school at the Academy of the National Theatre, Athens from 1943 to 1946.

In 1939, Mercouri married Panayiotis Harokopus. They divorced in 1962. Mercouri remarried in 1966 to Jules Dassin.

She died from lung cancer at age 73 in New York City.
Career 
Mercouri was an actor in many movies. Her first movie was Stella in 1955. She later acted in Topkapi (1964), and  Never on Sunday (1960). Her husband, Dassin, was the director of these movies. Mercouri also acted and sang in the musical llya, Darling (1967). She became very famous for her work in Never on Sunday. Mercouri also was awarded an Academy Award nomination for best actress from that role. Later, she became the Greek Minister of Culture and Sciences. Her job was to educate about Greek history, art and sports. While in this job, Mercouri supported Greek arts, sports, and women's rights. She became part of the Greek Parliament in 1977. Mercouri was also an author. She wrote her autobiography: I Was Born Greek.

References

1920 births
1994 deaths
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Government ministers of Greece
Actors from Athens
Greek singers
Politicians from Athens
Contemporary Authors Online. “Melina Mercouri.”Biography in Context. GALE, 2014. Biography in Context. May 4, 2018.

Benson, Sonia G. "Melina Mercouri." Biography in Context. GALE, 2001. Gale Biography In Context. May 4, 2018.

Flint, Peter B. "Melina Mercouri, Actress and Politician, Is Dead." New York Times, 7 Mar. 1994. Student Resources In Context, May, 4 2018.

"Mercouri, Melina." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018. World Book, Inc. May 4, 2018.
Arrhythmia (commonly called irregular heartbeat) is the name for a number of conditions, where the heartbeat is not normal. It may be too fast (tachycardia); too slow (bradycardia); or the heart may not beat in its regular rhythm.

Artificial pacemaker is used to care arrhythmia.

Heart disease
The following is a list of notable deaths in March 2015. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".
 Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, cause of death, reference (must be added) are added.


March 2015