Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Animals were an English music group, who were most popular in the 1960s. They were known for their bluesy sound, and their heavy-voiced singer Eric Burdon.

One of their first hit songs, "The House of The Rising Sun", was an old American folk song, which they performed with a rock and roll beat. Folk musician Bob Dylan was impressed by the Animals version of the song.

Other Animals hits included "We Gotta Get Out Of This Place", "Don't Bring Me Down", "It's My Life", "See See Rider", "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood", and "I'm Crying". The original Animals disbanded, and Burdon moved to the United States in 1967, where he formed a new version of the band. They made more records, like "San Franciscan Nights", "Sky Pilot", "When I Was Young", "Paint it Black", "River Deep Mountain High", "Gratefully Dead" and "Monterey".
The original Animals reunited in later years, to perform concerts, and Burdon performed Animals songs with other bands. Bass guitarist Chas Chandler became a music producer, with artists like Jimi Hendrix and Slade.

Keyboardist Alan Price left the band in early 1965 and went on an successful solo career in Europe. Guitar player Hilton Valentine and drummer John Steel left the music business for many years until they reunited. John Weider, guitar and violin player of the second Animals went on an solo career and was a member of the rock band Family. Guitar player of the second Animals Vic Briggs became Antion Vikram Singh and released a few solo records including Hawaiian music. Lead singer Eric Burdon went on with the funk rock band War, formed the hard rock/heavy metal group The Eric Burdon Band and went on an solo career with many ups and downs.
Studio albums 
 The Animals (1964)
 The Animals on Tour (1965)
 Animal Tracks (1965)
 Animalisms (1966)
 Animalism (1966)
 Eric Is Here (1967)
 Winds of Change (1967)
 The Twain Shall Meet (1968)
 Every One of Us (1968)
 Love Is (1968)
 Before We Were So Rudely Interrupted (1977)
 Ark (1983)

Other websites 
 The Animals Official Homepage 
 An Animals discography from Music City 
 The Animals at Rollingstone 
  

1963 establishments in the United Kingdom
1960s British music groups
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
English rock bands
Music groups from Newcastle upon Tyne
Musical groups disestablished in 1983
Musical groups established in 1963
1983 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
An autograph is some writing written only in the handwriting of its author; it is not typing.

An autograph can also mean someones signature. This term is used for collecting autographs of celebrities. The collection of autographs is called 'philography'.

Other websites
 Worlds Greatest Autograph

Documents
Stephen "Stevie" Ray Vaughan (October 3, 1954 – August 27, 1990) was an American blues guitarist. He was born and raised in Dallas, Texas. He was one of the world's most influential electric blues guitarists of the 1980s. His most basic guitar licks were influenced by Albert King. In one on stage performance the temperamental musician stated that Stevie Ray Vaughan was of his own blood line. Early breakouts include Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble's Texas Flood album including their Hits, Texas Flood, and their upbeat version of Pride and Joy. He died in a helicopter crash in East Troy, Wisconsin. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Stevie Ray Vaughan #7 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He died in August 27th 1990, from a helicopter crash. In 2015 he and his group Double Trouble were elected into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

References
References

Other websites 
Sony Music website 
Stevie Ray Vaughan fan club
Stevie Ray Vaughan Russian Fan Site
1985 Stevie Ray Vaughan interview on Modern Guitars magazine 

American blues musicians
American guitarists
Aviation deaths in the United States
Blues guitarists
Musicians from Dallas
1954 births
1990 deaths
Didsbury is a area of Manchester 5-6 miles south of the city centre. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 14,292.

References

Other websites 
 Fetch Didsbury  — resources, events and articles educating people about Didsbury.
 Didsbury Life Web Site — articles of interest to those living in or visiting Didsbury.
 Official Didsbury statistics from 2001 Census 

Districts of Manchester
Burnage is a suburb of the City of Manchester in North West England. It lies about four miles (6.4 km) south of Manchester city centre. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 13,706.

References

Other websites 
 2002: Burnage
 ManchesterOnline Spotlight On Burnage Site
 British History Online: Burnage
 Burnage High School
 The Barlow School 
 2001 Census results for Burnage 

Districts of Manchester
Longsight is an area, and a ward, in the City of Manchester, in North West England. It is around three miles south of Manchester city centre, and has a total population of 16,007 (according to the 2001 UK census).

References 

Districts of Manchester
Levenshulme is an urban area of Manchester in North West England on the borders of Longsight, Gorton, Burnage and Stockport. According to the 2001 UK census it had a population of 12,691.

References 
 

Districts of Manchester
Gorton is a district of Manchester in England. It is east of Manchester city centre. Neighbouring areas include Longsight and Levenshulme. According to the 2001 UK census, 24,173 lived there. Gorton is split into two wards, Gorton North and Gorton South. The building known as Gorton Monastery is a former Roman Catholic church which has been repaired after a period of neglect and is used for other purposes.

Districts of Manchester
Stockport is a large town in Greater Manchester,  North West England. Seven miles (10 km) south east of the city of Manchester, it is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, and has a population of 136,083 (2001 Census), with the borough as a whole having 281,000. This makes the borough 23rd most populated district in England.

The River Mersey begins in Stockport, at the meeting point of the Rivers Goyt and Tame.  Until 1974 the area was part of  Cheshire.

Geography and administration

The town lies in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport which is in Greater Manchester.

Twin Cities

The town of Stockport is twinned with the following towns:

 - Heilbronn, Germany. since 1999
 - Beziers, France, since 1972
 - Paisley, Scotland, since 2006
Paisley is not officially twinned with Stockport but the entry is probably a mark of friendship.
Other websites
 Stockport Council
 HatWorks Museum
 Stockport County Football Club
 Stockport Rugby Union Football Club
 The Stockport Express
 The National Library for the Blind
 National Trust
 Stockport Harriers and Athletics Club
 Stockport Grammar School - an independent school near Manchester, England
 Stockport College
 Merseyway Shopping Centre

References
Withington is a district of the city of Manchester, in North West England. It is about four miles south of Manchester city centre, and intersected by the busy thoroughfare of Wilmslow Road. It is between Fallowfield and Didsbury, to the north and south respectively. According to the 2001 UK census it has a population of 14,141. Together with Didsbury and Chorlton-cum-Hardy it was included in a larger city of Manchester in 1904. From 1974 it has also been part of the county of Greater Manchester.

References 

Districts of Manchester
Fallowfield is an area of the city of Manchester, England. It lies two miles south of Manchester City Centre and is bisected east/west by the Wilmslow Road and north/south by the former Fallowfield Loop railway line, now a cycle path. According to the 2001 UK census it has a population of 14,132.

References 

Districts of Manchester
Harrisonburg is the name of two communities in the United States:
Harrisonburg, Louisiana
Harrisonburg, Virginia
Harrisonburg is a city in Rockingham County, Virginia. It had 48,914 people at the 2010 census.

Harrisonburg is the county seat of Rockingham County. Harrisonburg is home to James Madison University and Eastern Mennonite University.

References

Other websites 
 Harrisonburg Tourism
 City of Harrisonburg
 Harrisonburg-Rockingham Chamber of Commerce
 Harrisonburg City Public Schools
 Daily News Record (Newspaper)
 WHSV - TV 3
 Rocktown Weekly (Alternative Newspaper owned by the DNR) 
 Virginia Quilt Museum

Cities in Virginia
County seats in Virginia
1730s establishments in Virginia
1737 establishments
A hereditary monarchy is a type of government in which usually a king or a queen becomes the monarch by being related to the last monarch. That is the most common sort of monarchy and is the form used by almost all of the world's monarchies today.

Types

Hereditary monarchy 
In a hereditary monarchy, the monarchs come from the same family, and the crown is passed down from one member of the family to another. The hereditary system can be more stable and can command loyalty, but at other times, great bloodshed happened over the question of succession.
When the king or queen of a hereditary monarchy dies or quits the throne (abdicates), the crown is generally passed to one of his or her children, often the oldest. When that child dies, the crown will be then passed to his or her child, or, if he or she has no child, to a sister, brother, niece, nephew, cousin, or some other relative. Hereditary monarchies most usually arrange the succession by a law that creates an order of succession. That way, it is known beforehand who will be the next monarch.

The order of succession in hereditary monarchies is now often based on the idea of primogeniture (oldest born), but other methods used to be much more common.

Succession 
In the past, there were differences in systems of succession, often depending on whether only men can succeed or whether both men and women could succeed.
Agnatic succession 
Agnatic succession means that women are not allowed to succeed or pass the succession from their fathers to their children. Agnates are relatives who have a common ancestor in an unbroken male line from father to father.

Cognatic succession 
Cognatic succession means that both men and women can succeed. Women usually are allowed to succeed only if they have no brother alive. For example, in the United Kingdom, Princess Anne comes after her younger brothers (and her nephews and nieces) in the line of succession. 

In the 1970s, Sweden changed from agnatic succession to "fully-cognatic" succession. That means the line of succession is based on age, not sex. Therefore, Princess Victoria of Sweden was born, she could never become queen, and when her younger brother was born, he became crown prince (heir to the throne), but the law changed, and Victoria became crown princess.
Elective monarchy 
An elective monarchy can sometimes seem like a hereditary monarch. For example, only members of one family may be allowed to be elected, or before the monarch dies, the chosen heir (son, daughter, brother, sister, or other relative) might be elected.

In Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was an elective monarchy, but for many hundreds of years, only the head of the Habsburg family was elected. In 1806, the Holy Roman Emperor abolished the empire and instead became the Emperor of Austria, a hereditary monarch.

The only true example of an elective monarchy today is Malaysia, where a ruling Sultan of a Malaysian state, is elected as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for a term of five years.

References

Monarchy
The River Mersey is a river in north west England. It is 70 miles (112 km) long, it stretches from Stockport, Greater Manchester, and ends at Liverpool Bay, Merseyside. For centuries, it formed part of the ancient county divide between Lancashire and Cheshire.

Course 
The Mersey is formed from three tributaries: the River Etherow, the River Goyt and the River Tame. The modern accepted start of the Mersey is at the confluence of the Tame and Goyt, in central Stockport, Greater Manchester. However, older definitions, and many older maps, place its start a few miles up the Goyt; for example the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica states "It is formed by the junction of the Goyt and the Etherow a short distance below Marple in Cheshire on the first-named stream."

Environment 
Water quality in the River Mersey is not good.

But Salmon are now found in the river. They can be viewed on the Salmon Steps at Woolston between the months of September and November.
In popular culture 
The river is now internationally famous thanks to the music of the 1960s known as Merseybeat and its strong association with Liverpool, which produced songs such as Ferry Cross the Mersey.

Also, Paul McCartney's 2007 song That Was Me, from his album Memory Almost Full mentions merseybeating with the band.

Other websites 
Liverpool Pictorial
 Mersey map - aisliverpool.org.uk  
 River Mersey Information  (PDF)

Rivers of England
Greater Manchester
Merseyside
Acid rock is a form of rock music, focusing mainly on hallucinations and drugs.  It is related to psychedelic rock. It is mostly an off-beat style. It uses vivid imagery, and sometimes strange sound/musical effects (like backward recorded music).

History 
"Acid rock" was popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s. But it is not very popular today.

Name
Acid Rock got its name from the mixture of music and the drug LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), which most people call "acid". "Acid rock" is usually recorded when the musician was high on LSD. Often the lyrics are about hallucinations.

Acid rock tracks and singles

1966 
Psychotic Reaction (Count Five)
Tomorrow Never Knows (The Beatles)
 Rain (The Beatles)
1967 
White Rabbit (Jefferson Airplane)
Spare Chaynge (Jefferson Airplane)
Purple Haze (Jimi Hendrix)
Third Stone From The Sun (Jimi Hendrix)
Light My Fire (The Doors)
Baby You're a Rich Man (The Beatles)
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds (The Beatles)
I Am the Walrus (The Beatles)
Interstellar Overdrive (Pink Floyd)
Flaming (Pink Floyd)

1968 
That's It for the Other One (Grateful Dead)
Voodoo Child (Slight Return) (Jimi Hendrix)
In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (Iron Butterfly)
EXP (The Jimi Hendrix Experience)
If 6 Was 9 (Jimi Hendrix)
Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun (Pink Floyd)
Careful With That Axe, Eugene (Pink Floyd)
Pictures of Matchstick Men (Status Quo)

1969 
Dazed and Confused (Led Zeppelin)
Acid Queen (The Who)
White Room (Cream)
Hot Smoke and Sasafrass (Bubble Puppy)

1970 
Mommy, What's a Funkadelic? (Funkadelic)

Other websites

Rock music
The Fender Stratocaster, also called a Strat, is a type of solidbody electric guitar. The Stratocaster was designed by Leo Fender, Freddie Tavares, and George Fullerton in 1954, and is made by the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. The Stratocaster has been used by many famous guitarists, such as David Gilmour, Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Buddy Guy, Buddy Holly, and Jeff Beck.

The Stratocaster has been copied as well. A guitar may look the same as a Stratocaster, but if it is not produced by Fender or Squier it is called a strat copy. 

Fender Stratocaster copies are mostly very cheap and low quality, but some guitar builders make high quality clones of the Stratocaster. Fender makes Stratocasters made in the United States of America, which are largely thought to be the highest quality. However they also make Stratocasters which are made in Japan, but only sell them to the Japanese. Many people view these guitars comparable and even superior to the American made Fenders.
Stratocasters are also made in Korea and sold as special editions. The cheapest Fenders are made in Mexico, but despite their price, these Stratocasters are very good quality guitars compared to the copies which are usually made in China. Squier makes Stratocasters in China and Indonesia.

Fender Strats made in Japan and Korea are sometimes equal to their American Standard cousin. Limited editions like the Pro Tone series and some early (1982-1986) Japanese models fetch prices from $400 – $800 depending on condition.  Korean Strats that have the Fender decal are the desirable ones over the Korean models with Squier on the headstock where Fender should be.  There are also American Made Squiers that can be of good quality.  Korean Pro Tones are the cream of the Korean Crop.

Guitars
Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. Taking its name from the River Mersey, the title "Merseyside" came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974.

Merseyside is divided into two parts by the Mersey estuary: the Wirral is on the west side of the estuary upon the Wirral Peninsula; the rest of the county is on the east side. The northern part of Merseyside borders onto Lancashire to the north, Greater Manchester to the east, both parts border Cheshire to the south.

Local government

Metropolitan boroughs
Merseyside contains the metropolitan boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens and the Wirral.

Economy
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Merseyside at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.
Settlements
Merseyside is divided into two parts by the Mersey estuary, the Wirral is on the west side of the estuary, upon the Wirral Peninsula and the rest of the county is on the east side of the estuary.

The two parts are linked by two road tunnels, a railway tunnel, and the famous Mersey Ferry. Other districts that are part of the urban area (but not part of Merseyside) are Ellesmere Port and Neston and Halton. The designation "Greater Merseyside" has been adopted for the area that includes Merseyside and Halton, the term "Liverpool City-Region" is less well-defined. Most of the region was once served by the now scraped MTL Trust Holdings Ltd transport company.

Places of interest
 Anfield
 St Helens' World of Glass

References

Other websites
 Mersey Wiki
 Merseytravel website
 Merseyside Police Authority website 
 Merseyside Fire and Rescue website
 Merseyside.com local guide, A-Z, street index
 Merseyside Today - regional guide
 Mersey Reporter History - Merseyside History
Ceremonial counties of England
1974 establishments in England
Wirral is a metropolitan borough in Merseyside, North West England, which occupies the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula, more commonly known as Wirral.

Wirral Metropolitan Borough has a population of about 311,235 (2004 estimate) in an area of 60 square miles (155 km2). It faces Liverpool over the River Mersey to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and the River Dee to the west. To the south it borders the borough of Ellesmere Port and Neston, in Cheshire.

Economy
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Wirral at current basic prices published (pp.240–253) by the Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

 includes hunting and forestry

 includes energy and construction

 includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

 Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
In September 2006 a large scale development called Wirral Waters was unveiled by the company Peel Holdings, that if constructed as outlined may see the creation of up to 27,000 jobs.

Other websites
 Wirral Council home page 
 Vision of Britain 
 The Wirral Wide Web
Erin Zariah Sanders (born January 19, 1991 in Santa Monica, California) is an American actress. She is best known for the Nickelodeon television series Zoey 101.

American television actors
Actors from Santa Monica, California
1991 births
Living people
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England and covers urban areas within metropolitan counties.

Current metropolitan boroughs (post 1974) 
The current metropolitan boroughs were created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as subdivisions of the new metropolitan counties which were created to cover the six largest urban areas in England outside Greater London

The new authorities were actually defined by law as metropolitan districts, however all of them have borough status or city status. The new metropolitan boroughs replaced the county boroughs, municipal boroughs and urban and rural districts which existed before. The districts typically have populations of 174,000 to 1.1 million.
In 1986 the old metropolitan county councils were abolished by the Local Government Act 1985 and most of their functions were given to the boroughs, so they are to a large extent unitary authorities.  Some of the functions of the abolished county councils were taken over by joint bodies such as Passenger Transport Authorities, and joint fire, police and waste disposal authorities.

The 36 current metropolitan boroughs are:

References 

Local government in England
Carly Rae Patterson (born February 4, 1988 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) was an American gymnast. She was the 2004 Olympic All-Around Champion. After the Olympics, she started working as a singer.  She lives in Allen, Texas.

References

1988 births
Living people
American gymnasts
People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c. 70) is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales, on 1 April 1974.

Its pattern of two-tier councils remains in use today in large parts of England, although the metropolitan county councils were abolished in 1986 and it was replaced with unitary authorities in many areas in the 1990s. In Wales, it established a similar pattern of counties and districts.  These have since been entirely replaced with a system of unitary authorities. In Scotland, the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 established a similar system of two-tier regions and districts in 1975 – this was also replaced by a system of unitary council areas in 1996.

Elections were held to the new authorities in 1973, and they acted as 'shadow authorities' until the handover date. Elections to county councils were held on April 12, for metropolitan and Welsh districts on May 10 for non-metropolitan district councils on June 7.

England

Metropolitan counties
Metropolitan districts

Non-metropolitan counties

Non-metropolitan districts

The Local Government Boundary Commission originally proposed 278 non-metropolitan districts in April 1972 (still working with the county boundaries found in the Bill).  A further eighteen districts were added in the final proposals of November 1972, which were then ordered.

The splits were as follows (in most cases the splits were not exact, and many other changes to the borders of the districts took place at this time)
Devon: Torridge/North Devon
Dorset : Weymouth and Portland/Purbeck,  North Dorset/East Dorset
Durham : Wear Valley/Teesdale
Hereford and Worcester : Hereford/South Herefordshire/Leominster
Humberside: Holderness/North Wolds
Isle of Wight: South Wight/Medina
Lancashire: Hyndburn/Rossendale
Leicestershire : Rutland/Melton, Harborough/Oadby and Wigston
Lincolnshire: Boston/South Holland
Northamptonshire: Daventry/South Northamptonshire
Northumberland : Berwick-upon-Tweed/Alnwick
Shropshire : Oswestry/North Shropshire, Bridgnorth/South Shropshire
Somerset: Taunton Deane/West Somerset
Suffolk: Forest Heath

The new district in Suffolk was necessitated by the decision to keep Newmarket in Suffolk; which would otherwise have become part of the South Cambridgeshire district.
Isles of Scilly
Section 265 af the Act allowed for the continuation of the local government arrangements for the Isles of Scilly. The Isles of Scilly Rural District Council became the Council of the Isles of Scilly, and certain services were to continue to be provided by Cornwall County Council as provided by order in council made by the Secretary of State, although the Isles were not technically in Cornwall before or after 1974.

Wales

Elections

Elections were held to the new authorities on three different Thursdays in 1973.  Each new county and district was divided into electoral divisions. For county councils, each electoral division elected one member; for metropolitan district councils, each ward elected three members; and wards in non-metropolitan districts could elect a varying number of members.  There was not sufficient time to conduct a full warding arrangement so a temporary system was used: in some county councils electoral divisions elected multiple councillors.
Other websites
 Text of The English Non-Metropolitan Districts Order 1972 (S.I 1972/2039)

References

1970s in the United Kingdom

Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
An Act of Parliament or Act is law made by the parliament (see legislation).

Bills 
An Act of Parliament normally starts as a proposed law known as a Bill. The Bill will then be introduced into the Parliament (House of Commons, House of Representatives, House of Lords or the Senate) for debate and possible approval and enactment.

Bills that contain provisions significantly relating to taxation or public expenditure are introduced into the House of Commons in the UK; in Canada and Ireland, this is the law.

In the United Kingdom, Law Commission bills and consolidation bills start in the House of Lords.

In some countries, such as Spain and Portugal, a Bill has different names depending on whether it comes from the government (e.g. "Project") or from the Parliament (e.g. "Proposition" or Private Member's Bill).

An Act may be introduced to parliament also by means of a private bill.

Related pages
 Constitution
 Constitutional economics
Other websites 
 All Acts of Parliament (since 1988) and Statutory Instruments are available free on-line under Crown copyright terms from the Office of Public Sector Information ( OPSI).
 Parliamentary Stages of a Government Bill (pdf) from the House of Commons Information Office.
 Acts of Parliament (since 1267) revised to date are available free on-line under Crown copyright terms from the Department of Constitution Affairs ( SLD).

Legislation
Legislation (or "statutory law") is law which has been created by a legislature or other governing body. The term may refer to a single law, or the collective body of enacted law, while "statute" is also used to refer to a single law. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, which is typically also known as "legislation" while it remains under active consideration.

Under the Westminster system, an item of legislation is known as an Act of Parliament.

Legislation is usually proposed by a member of the legislature (e.g. a member of Congress or Parliament), or by the executive, then it is debated by members of the legislature and is often amended. 
Those who have the formal power to create legislation are known as legislators, the judicial branch of government may have the formal power to interpret legislation.

Other means of law-making
The act of making legislation is sometimes known as legislating. Under the doctrine of separation of powers, the law-making function is primarily the responsibility of the legislature. However, there are situations where legislation is enacted by other means (most commonly when constitutional law is enacted). These other forms of law-making include referenda and constitutional conventions. The term "legislation" is sometimes used to describe these situations, but other times, the term is used to distinguish acts of the legislature from these other lawmaking forms.

Related pages
Constitution
Constitutional economics
Democracy
Legal rights

Legislation
A bill is a proposed new law introduced within a legislature that has not been adopted. Once a bill has become law, it is thereafter an act; but in popular usage the two terms are often treated as if they meant the same.

Types of bills 

Bills can be divided into:
 public bills, which apply to the general population
 private bills, which only apply to a single person or to a select group of people. If a private bill is punitive in nature, it is called a bill of attainder.
 hybrid bills, which combine elements of both public and private bills. Note that the concept of hybrid bills is not widely recognised outside the United Kingdom (in particular, it is expressly not recognised in Canada).
 local bills, which affect only a certain locality, and are often proposed by local government to the legislature

Other websites

Hong Kong 
 Bills Committees of the Legislative Council

New Zealand 
 List of current bills
United Kingdom 
 BBC Parliament Guide:
 Making new law
 Types of bill
 Bill procedure
 First reading
 Second reading
 Commons committee stage
 Lords committee stage
 Report stage
 Third reading
 Passage through the other House
 Royal assent
 Delegated legislation

United States 
 How a law is made . From the North Carolina General Assembly
 How a bill becomes a law - related information.
 Currently hot issue regarding the Net Neutrality bills become the law .
Legislation
The List of popes by length of reign is parsed using two organizing standards—identifying the longest reigns and the shortest ones.

Popes
The term pope is the name several churches give to their highest spiritual leader. In English, the term usually means the head of the Catholic Church. The most accurate information about the popes is published every year by the Holy See in the Annuario Pontificio.

Popes with the longest reigns
Including Peter, who was the first Bishop of Rome and the first pope, the list of the 11 longest-reigning popes includes:
    
 Saint Peter (30–64 or 67): 34 or 37 years.
 Pius IX (1846–1878): 31 years, 7 months and 23 days (11,560 days).
 John Paul II (1978–2005): 26 years, 5 months and 17 days (9,665 days)
 Leo XIII (1878–1903): 25 years, 5 months and 1 day (9,281 days).
 Pius VI (1775–1799): 24 years, 6 months and 15 days (8,962 days). 
 Adrian I (772–795): 23 years, 10 months and 25 days (8,729 days).
 Pius VII (1800–1823): 23 years, 5 months and 7 days (8,560 days).
 Alexander III (1159–1181): 21 years, 11 months and 24 days (8,029 days).
 St. Sylvester I (314–335): 21 years, 11 months and 1 day (8,005 days).
 St. Leo I (440–461): 21 years, 1 month, and 13 days. (7,713 days).
 Urban VIII (1623–1644): 20 years, 11 months and 24 days (7,664 days).
Popes with the shortest reigns
The list of the 11 shortest-reigning popes includes:
 Urban VII (September 15–September 27, 1590): reigned for 13 calendar days, died before consecration.
 Boniface VI (April, 896): reigned for 16 calendar days
 Celestine IV (October 25–November 10, 1241): reigned for 17 calendar days, died before consecration.
 Theodore II (December, 897): reigned for 20 calendar days 
 Sisinnius (January 15–February 4, 708): reigned for 21 calendar days
 Marcellus II (April 9–May 1, 1555): reigned for 22 calendar days 
 Damasus II (July 17–August 9, 1048): reigned for 24 calendar days
 Pius III (September 22–October 18, 1503): reigned for 27 calendar days.
 Leo XI (April 1–April 27, 1605): reigned for 27 calendar days
 Benedict V (May 22–June 23, 964): reigned for 33 calendar days.
 John Paul I (August 26–September 28, 1978): reigned for 33 calendar days.

References and notes 

Lists of popes
Webkinz are stuffed animals. They were first sold by the Ganz company in 2005. The toys are similar to other small plush toys. Each toy comes with a special code that lets the person who owns it use the "Webkinz World" website. On the website, users can "adopt" an online version of the pet to play with.

The toys have been advertised in a way that is similar to Ty Beanie Babies. After some time, certain types of the toy are "retired" or no longer sold. This makes the toys more valuable after they are retired and people can sell them for more money. Usually,  retired Webkinz are sold at the $20 - $100 range. (USD) Webkinz have been very popular. Ganz says more than 2 million toys have been sold to retailers. They also say there are 1 million users of the Webkinz website. More than $1 million (USD) in toys were sold in the United States in 2006.
When a person buys a Webkinz at a store, they get a code that allows them to use the website for one year. After that time, the person can still use the account, but there are some things that they can't do on there anymore. To be able to do everything, they must buy another Webkinz toy. Online, users can play with their pets in many ways. For example they can feed them, exercise them, or play games. When they play games, they earn "KinzCash", the money that is used on the site to buy things for their pets. 
 Now, Ganz has made the Ganz E-store, where you can buy Webkinz codes and items with just a credit card and a click. They also made tinier versions called Lil' Kinz plush toys.

Other websites
 Webkinz official website
 Teddy Bear, Version 2.0 - Washington Post article

toys
websites
The list of popes begins with St. Peter and continues through the present day.  The pope is the head of the Catholic Church.

Peter was called the Bishop of Rome.  All others who became Bishop of Rome were also recognized as popes.

Chronological list of popes 
The list sometimes says interregnum. This is Latin for "between reigns". It means there was no Pope; as in a Pope had died, and his successor hadn't yet been elected.

From 30 to 249

From 250 to 499

From 500 to 749

From 750 to 999

From 1000 to 1249

From 1254 to 1492

From 1503 to 1740

From 1758 to 2005

From 2005

Related pages
 Papal name

References

Further reading
 John N.D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, Oxford University Press, 1986.
 AA.VV., Enciclopedia dei Papi, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
 Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.

Other websites 
 Catholic Encyclopedia
 Giga-Catholic Information
 Popes & Anti-Popes
Towradgi is a small suburb, north of Wollongong. It is on the coast and close to beaches.

Attractions  
It has a school, soccer fields, a lawn-bowling field, and many other attractions. It has a few restaurants/dining places.

Sources

Other websites

Towradgi Surf Life Saving Club, NSW Australia 
Towradgi Beach Hotel 
Towradgi Community Web Portal 

Settlements in New South Wales
ACID is an abbreviation. It stands for
Atomicity - A change to the data in the database is either done completely, or not done at all. The process of doing it is not visible to users of the database. Users (people and programs) only see the result.
Consistency - A database can have rules about its data. Consistency means that the data always follows those rules. When a transaction (a change in the data) occurs, it can not break the rules. Rules are usually about integrity, such as what is allowed and what is not allowed in certain locations of the database.
Isolation - There can be more than one transaction occurring at the same time. Isolation means that one transaction can only see the changes of another transaction at the right time. Sometimes isolation means that transactions happening at the same time would do the same thing if they were done one after another.
Durability - When a transaction is done, if the result is unwanted it can be rolled back, which means it is made to go away as if it never happened. If the result of a transaction is still wanted, it can be committed, which makes the change permanent. After a transaction is committed, the change it made will still be there even if the database is shut down.
References 
Database modeling
Depending on the model used, making changes to the data in a database can be complex. That means that several steps are needed to perform a change. In that context, all the steps are grouped. This group is called a transaction. Many databases give guarantees about the data, and they also do checks.  When something goes wrong in one step, all the steps in the group, or transaction, are undone. This is called a rollback. When all the steps have been executed, and there was no error, this state can be persisted. People will talk about committing a transaction. 

A database transaction is generally atomic. That means, it is either done completely, or it is not done. The state of it being done is not visible.

Most of the time, transactions are needed to guarantee the ACID principle of databases.

References 
Transaction
(, , , ; anglicized Argovia) is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland. It is near the lower course of the river Aare, which is why the canton is called Aargau (meaning Aare district). The cantons of Basel-Landschaft, Solothurn and Bern lie to the west. Lucerne is to the south Zug and Zürich are to the east. To the north is Germany. 
About 580.000 people live in the canton. Its capital is Aarau.

Districts 
Aargau is divided into 11 districts:

 Aarau with capital Aarau.
 Baden with capital Baden.
 Bremgarten with capital Bremgarten.
 Brugg with capital Brugg.
 Kulm with capital Unterkulm.
 Laufenburg with capital Laufenburg, Switzerland.
 Lenzburg with capital Lenzburg.
 Muri with capital Muri.
 Rheinfelden with capital Rheinfelden.
 Zofingen with capital Zofingen.
 Zurzach with capital Zurzach.

Other websites 

 

 Company Formation Aargau
The Netherlands has 342 municipalities in 12 provinces in Europe and 3 special municipalities (public bodies) in the Caribbean, the Caribbean Netherlands. Together 345 municipalities since 2023.

Special municipalities in the Caribbean

Municipalities by province

Municipalities by alphabetical order

Related pages 
 Provinces of the Netherlands
 Municipality

Other websites 
 Dutch municipalities

 
Netherlands
municipality
The modern day European Netherlands are divided into twelve provinces (provincies in Dutch). The Caribbean Netherlands and other countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands are completely separate.

Structure 
A Dutch province is the administrative layer in between the national government and the local municipalities. It has the responsibility for matters of regional importance. The government of each province is made  of three major parts: the Provinciale Staten which is the provincial parliament elected every four years. Elected from its members are the Gedeputeerde Staten, a college charged with most executive tasks. This college is presided by the Commissaris van de Koningin or royal commissioner, appointed by the Crown.

Provinces 

The twelve provinces are listed below with their people, area, density, and so on:
Almost all Dutch provinces came from a medieval state, like a county or duchy. This is the same with the regions of Belgium. Their status changed once they came under the influence of a ruler. This single ruler then centralised their administration. They then became provinces of a larger state. In total there are 17 provinces today. From these unified Netherlands, seven northern provinces formed the Republic of the Seven United Provinces in the 16th century. These were Holland, Zeeland, Gelderland, Utrecht, Friesland, Overijssel and Groningen. The Republic's lands also included Drenthe (one of the 17, but without the autonomous status of the others), and parts of Brabant, Limburg and Flanders, which were considered to be "conquered lands" and were governed directly by the Staten-Generaal, the parliament. From this came their name Generality Lands. They were called Staats-Brabant, Staats-Limburg and Staats-Vlaanderen, meaning "of the state". Each of these "Netherlands" had a high degree of autonomy
. They co-operated with each other mainly on defense and on the international level in general. They kept to their own affairs elsewhere.
On January 1, 1796, during the Batavian Republic, Drenthe and Staats-Brabant became the eighth and ninth provinces of the Netherlands; the latter known as Bataafs Brabant, Batavian Brabant, changing its name to Noord Brabant, North Brabant, in 1815 when it became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.  This kingdom also contained (then) South Brabant, a province in Belgium. This new unified state featured the provinces in their modern form. Today, they are non-autonomous subdivisions of the national state. There are again numbering 17 provinces, though not all are the same as the 16th century ones. In 1839, with the independence of Belgium, the original single province of Limburg was divided between the two countries. Each country now has a province called Limburg. A year later, Holland, the largest and most populous of the Dutch provinces, was also split into two provinces for a total of 11
. The 12th member was to be Flevoland, a province consisting almost entirely of reclaimed land, established on January 1, 1986.
The Departments of the French Period 
During the Batavian Republic, the Netherlands were from 1798 to 1801 completely reorganised into 8 new departments, most named after rivers, inspired by the French revolutionary example, in an attempt to do away with the old autonomous provincial status. They are listed below, with their capitals and the territory of the former provinces they mostly incorporated:

 
After only three years, following a coup d'état, the borders of the former provinces were restored, though not their autonomous status. They were now also called "departments" and Drenthe was added to Overijssel. In 1806 the Kingdom of Holland replaced the republic to further French interests. It was during this administration that Holland was first split in two, with the department of Amstelland to the north and that of Maasland to the south. East Frisia, then as now in Germany, was added to the kingdom as a department in 1807 and Drenthe split off again making a total of 11 departments.
When the Netherlands finally did become fully part of France in 1810, the departments of the kingdom and their borders were largely maintained, with some joined together. They were however nearly all renamed, again mainly after rivers, though the names differed from their Batavian counterparts. Following are their names and the modern day province they corresponded for the most part to:

 
With the defeat and withdrawal of the French in 1813, the old provinces and their names were re-established, Holland was reunited and East-Frisia went its separate way. The 17 provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands were for a significant part based on the former French departments and their borders, in particular in what would later become Belgium.

Related pages 
 List of municipalities of the Netherlands

Other websites 
 Dutch provinces
Flevoland is one of the provinces of the Netherlands. Lelystad is its capital, but Almere is its biggest city. About 428,000 people are living in Flevoland (2021).

Location of the municipalities of Flevoland.

Other websites
North Brabant (Dutch: 'Noord-Brabant') is a  province of the Netherlands. It is in the south of the country. It is bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west.  See Google maps. Its capital is 's-Hertogenbosch. The largest city is Eindhoven. About 2,574,000 people are living in North Brabant (2021).

Other websites
The Local Government Act 1985 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom.  Its main effect was to abolish the county councils of the metropolitan counties that had been set up in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, along with the Greater London Council that had been established in 1965.

The main provision, section 1 stated that "the Greater London Council; and the metropolitan county councils" shall not exist anymore.

It came into effect on 1 April 1986. The metropolitan boroughs and London boroughs got some of the powers of the former institutions, but others went to central government. At the time of the Act, one third of the population of England were living in Greater London and the metropolitan counties.

The act established a system of joint-boards to take over some of the functions of the abolished councils in the metropolitan counties and in Greater London. The joint-boards had councillors appointed by the boroughs.
The Act was passed by Margaret Thatcher's government after a series of disputes between the councils and the central government.

References

1985 in the United Kingdom
1980s Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1980s in London
Local government in England
#
 28 Days Later (2002)
 28 Weeks Later (2007)

A
 After Death (1988)
 The Aftermath (1982)			
 Alien Dead (1980)			
 All Souls Day (2005)
 Astro-Zombies (1969)

B
 Battlefield Baseball (2003)
 The Beyond (1981)
 Beyond Re-Animator (2003)
 Bio Zombie (1998)
 The Boneyard (1991)		 
 Boy Eats Girl (2005)
 Braindead (1992)
 Bride of Re-Animator (1990)	
 Bubba's Chili Parlor (2005)			
 Burial Ground: The Nights of Terror (1981)

C
 Cemetery Man (1994)
 The Children (1980)
 Children of the Living Dead (2001)
 Children Shouldn't Play With Dead Things (1972)
 Choking Hazard (2004)
 Chopper Chicks in Zombie Town (1991)
 C.H.U.D. II: Bud the C.H.U.D. (1989)
 City of the Living Dead (1980)
D
 Dawn of the Dead (1978)
 Dawn of the Dead (2004)
 Day of the Dead (1985)
 Day of the Dead 2: Contagium (2005)
 Day of the Dead (2007)
 Dead & Breakfast (2004)
 Dead & Buried (1981)
 The Dead Hate the Living! (2000)
 Dead Meat (2004)
 The Dead Next Door (1988)
 Dellamorte Dellamore (1994)
 Diamond Dead (2007)
 Diary of the Dead (2007)

E
 Evil (2005)

F
 Fido (2006)
 Flesheater (1994)
 Flight of the Living Dead: Outbreak on a Plane (2007)

G
 The Ghost Breakers (1940)
 The Ghost Galleon (1974)
 Grindhouse

H
 Heavy Metal, story "B-17" (1981)
 Hell of the Living Dead (1981)
 Hide and Creep (2004)
 Homecoming (2005)
 Hood of the Living Dead (2005)
 House (1986)
 The House by the Cemetery (1981)
 House of the Dead (2003)
 House of the Dead 2 (2005)

I
 I Walked with a Zombie (1943)
 I Was a Teenage Zombie (1987)
 I'll See You in My Dreams (2003)
 The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies (1964)
 I, Zombie (1998)

J
 Junk the Movie (2000)
K
King of the Zombies (1941)
Killing Birds (1991)
(Zombie 5: Killer Birds)

L
 Land of the Dead (2005)
(George A. Romero's Land of the Dead)
 Last Man on Earth (1964)
 Legion of the Night (1995)
 Let Sleeping Corpses Lie (1974)
(Non si deve profanare il sonno dei morti)
 (Don't Open The Window)
 Lifeforce (1985) - Hybrid Space Vampires with Zombie behaviorisms

M
 Mortuary (2006)
 My Boyfriend's Back (1993)

N
 Night of the Comet (1984)
 Night of the Creeps (1986)
 Night of the Living Dead (1968) 
 Night of the Living Dead (1990)
 Night of the Living Dead 3-D (2006)
 Night of the Seagulls (1975)

O
 Oasis of the Zombies (1983)
 The Omega Man (1971)
 Outpost (2007)

P
 Pet Sematary (1989)
 Pet Sematary II (1992)
 The Plague of the Zombies (1966)
 The Plague (2006)
 Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959)
 Planet Terror (2007)
 Plane Dead (2007)

Q
 The Quick and the Undead (2006)
R
 Raiders of the Living Dead (1986)
 Re-Animator (1985)
 Redneck Zombies (1987)
 Resident Evil (2002)
 Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004)
 Resident Evil: Extinction (2007)
 Resident Evil: Degeneration (2008)
 Return of the Blind Dead (1973)
 Return of the Living Dead (1985)
 Return of the Living Dead Part II (1988)
 Return of the Living Dead 3 (1993)
 Return of the Living Dead 4: Necropolis (2005)
 Return of the Living Dead 5: Rave to the Grave (2005)
 Revolt of the Zombies (1936)
 Route 666 (2001)

S
 SARS Wars (2004)
 Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988)
 Santo Contra los Zombis (1962)
 Severed (2005)
 Shatter Dead (1994)
 Shaun of the Dead (2004)
 Shock Waves (1977)
 Stacy (2001)
 Sugar Hill (1974)Slither (2006)

T
 Tombs of the Blind Dead (1971)
 They Came Back (2004)The Dead Next Door (1988)

U
 Undead (2003)

V
 Vampires vs. Zombies (2004)
 Versus (2000)
 (The Forest of Resurrection)
 Video Dead (1987)
 ""Vengeance of the Zombies"" (1972)
W
 Waxwork (1988)
 Waxwork II: Lost in Time (1992)
 "Weekend At Bernie's 2" (1993)
 White Zombie (movie) (1932)
 Wicked Little Things (2006)
 Wild Zero (2000)

Z
 Zombi II (1979)
 Zombi III (1988)
 Zombiegeddon (2003)
 Zombie Genocide (1993)
 Zombie High (1987)
 Zombie Honeymoon (2004)
 Zombie Night (2003)
 Zombie Nightmare (1986)
 Zombie Planet (2004)
 Zombie Town (2007)
 Zombies (2006)
 Zombies of the Stratosphere (1952)
 Zombies on Broadway
Zombieland (2009)
Zombieland: Double Tap (2019)

Related pages  
Zombie

Lists of movies