Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Tube feet are used by starfish are used to open up bivalve shells.  The shells of brachiopods and bivalves are held together by strong muscles. What the starfish does is clamp hold of them on either side with its tube feet, and apply a steady pull. The starfish, with its muscles and hydraulic system, can pull for much longer than any bivalve muscle can withstand. Apparently, ten minutes are usually enough to open the shell a bit. Then the starfish slips its stomach inside the shell. The stomach can get through a slot as narrow as 0.1mm. The starfish then dissolves the mollusc where it lives, absorbing the nutrients. This digestion process takes much longer than opening the shell, perhaps a couple of days.

References 

Echinoderms
Animal anatomy
Pincers are a hand tool used in many situations where a mechanical advantage is required. They are used to pinch, cut or pull an object. Pincers are first-class levers. Pincers differ from pliers in that the concentration of force is either to a point, or to an edge at a right angle to the handle of the tool. This allows pincers to be brought close to a surface. This is often helpful when removing nails from wood. Pincers are often called end-nippers or end-cutters. Carpenter's pincers are very well suited to these tasks. Pincers are primarily used for removing objects out of a material. 

Pincers, often red-hot, have been used as an instrument of torture since the middle ages or earlier.

Pliers are a similar tool with a different type of head used for squeezing, rather than cutting and pulling.

References 

Cutting tools
Hermann Emil Gottfried von Eichhorn (February 13, 1848 – July 30, 1918) was a Prussian officer, later Field Marshal during World War I.

Biography 
Eichhorn was born in Breslau in the Kingdom of Prussia in 1848. His first time he fought during the Austro-Prussian War. Eichhorn received the Pour le Mérite on August 18, 1915.

On July 30, 1918 he died by assassination in Kiev. He is buried in Berlin.

Awards
 Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class (31 August 1871)
 Order of the Crown (Prussia), 1st class (17 January 1904)
 Order of Philip the Magnanimous (8 September 1905)
 Order of the Red Eagle - Grand Cross with Oak Leaves (20 August 1907)
 Pour le Mérite (18 August 1915) with Oak Leaves (28 September 1915)
 Military Order of St. Henry Commander Second Class (25 October 1916)
 University of Berlin - Honorary Doctorate (18 February 1918)

1848 births
1918 deaths
Assassinated German politicians
German military people
Mario Biaggi (October 26, 1917 – June 24, 2015) was an American politician. He was born in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. He served as a U.S. Representative from New York (served from 1969 to 1988) and former New York City police officer. He was elected as a Democrat from The Bronx in New York City. In 1987 and 1988, he was convicted in two separate corruption trials, and he resigned from Congress in 1988. His granddaughter is politician Alessandra Biaggi.

Biaggi died at his home in New York City on June 24, 2015, at the age of 97.

References

1917 births
2015 deaths
American fraudsters
People from Manhattan
American police officers
Politicians from New York City
United States representatives from New York (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from the Bronx
Cristiano Melo Araújo (January 24, 1986 – June 24, 2015) was a Brazilian singer and songwriter. Araújo was famous for the singles "Efeitos" (2011), "Você mudou" (2012), "Maus bocados"(2013), "Cê que sabe" (2014) and "É com ela que eu estou" (2014)

Araújo and his girlfriend, Allana Moares, 19, died early on 24 June 2015 in a car accident on the BR-153 at km 614, between Morrinhos and Pontalina in Goiás.

References

1986 births
2015 deaths
Road accident deaths
Brazilian singers
Brazilian writers
Walter Shawn Browne (10 January 1949 – 24 June 2015) was an American chess Grandmaster and poker player. Browne won the U.S. Chess Championship six times. He was born to an American father and Australian mother in Sydney. He moved to New York at age three.

Browne died in Las Vegas, Nevada after playing at a championship game there. He was 66 years old.

Other websites

 Making All the Right Moves, Sports Illustrated, January 12, 1976

1949 births
2015 deaths
American chess players
Chess grandmasters
People from New York (state)
People from Sydney
Matheus J. "Thé" Lau (17 July 1952 – 23 June 2015) was a Dutch musician and writer. Besides his solo career, he was the lead singer of the Dutch band The Scene. He was born in Bergen, North Holland.

Lau was diagnosed with lung cancer in August 2013. He was told he could not be cured in April 2014. He died on 23 June 2015 in Amsterdam, aged 62.

References

1952 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from lung cancer
Dutch musicians
Writers from North Holland
The old Korean calendar tells the phases of the moon and the day in the solar year, like other older calendars of other East Asian countries. Dates are calculated from Chinese calendar. Important dates are based in Korean culture.

The Gregorian calendar officially began to be used in 1896. The dates of older important Korean events are still based on the old calendar. The most important date in Korea today is Seollal, the first day of the Korean calendar's New Year. Other important events include Daeboreum (the first full moon phase, also referred to as Boreumdaal), Dano (spring) and Chuseok (autumn), and Samjinnal (beginning of spring). Other minor events based on the old Korean calendar include Yudu (summer), and Chilseok (monsoon season).
History 
The old Korean calendar comes from the old Chinese calendar. The Korean calendar said what its years were by using Korean era names from 270 to 963. Then Chinese era names with Korean era names were used a few times until 1894. In 1894-1895, The calendar based on the moon was used with years numbered from the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty in 1392.

The Gregorian calendar began to be used on 1 January 1896, with Korean era name "Geonyang (건양 / 建陽, "adopting solar calendar")."

From 1945 to 1961 in South Korea, Gregorian calendar years were counted from the start of Gojoseon in 2333 BC (regarded as year one). These Dangi (단기 / 檀紀) years were 4278 to 4294. This numbering was often used unofficially with the Korean lunar calendar before 1945. It has only sometimes been used after 1961, mostly in North Korea before 1997.

In North Korea, the Juche calendar has been used since 1997 to number its years, based on the birth of Kim Il Sung.

References
References 

 Pyeon, Prof. M. Y. The Folkloric Study of Chopail (Buddha's Birthday). Seoul: Minsokwon, 2002.

Korean culture
Calendars
Marva Collins (August 31, 1936 – June 25, 2015) was an American teacher.  In 1975  she started Westside Preparatory School in Garfield Park, a poor neighborhood of Chicago. She ran the school for more than 30 years until it closed in 2008.

She was known for applying classical education, in particular the Socratic method, modified for use in primary schools, successfully with students from poor families. 

She wrote some manuals, books and other materials describing her history and methods.  She was most widely publicized in the 1981 biographical TV movie, The Marva Collins Story, starring Cicely Tyson and Morgan Freeman.

Early life

Collins was born in Monroeville, Alabama. She graduated from Clark College (now known as Clark Atlanta University) in Atlanta, Georgia.

Career
Career

Collins taught school for two years in Alabama, then moved to Chicago, where she taught in public schools for fourteen years. In 1975 she started Westside Preparatory School. It became an educational and commercial success. In 1996 she began supervising three Chicago public schools that had been placed on probation. In 2004 she received a National Humanities Medal, among many awards for her teaching and efforts at school reform. 

Collins started her low-cost private school  in the building where she lived. She used her teacher's pension to pay for her first costs.  The school was specifically for teaching low-income African American children. .

Books written
Books written

Marva Collins' Way, by Marva Collins with Civia Tamarkin
The Marva Collins method; a manual for educating and motivating your child, by Marva Collins
Ordinary Children, Extraordinary Teachers, by Marva Collins
Values: Lighting The Candle of Excellence: A Practical Guide, by Marva Collins
A Conversation with Marva Collins: A Different School, by Marva Collins
Grandma, What Is Learning? by Marva Collins
Redeeming Education, by Marva Collins

Awards

In 1981, Collins received the Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.

Further reading

The School that Cared: A Story of the Marva Collins Preparatory School of Cincinnati, by P. Kamara Sekou Collins

References 

1936 births
2015 deaths
Writers from Birmingham, Alabama
American teachers
Writers from Chicago
Educators from Chicago
Educators from Birmingham, Alabama
K.C. Undercover is an American sitcom developed for Disney Channel, created by Corinne Marshall and executive produced by Shawn Levy. The series stars Zendaya as K.C. Cooper, a high school student training to follow in her parents' footsteps as an undercover spy. The series was released on January 1, 2015 with a sneak peek, followed by the television premiere on January 18, 2015.

On August 9, 2017, Zendaya announced the series was cancelled and would end production after its third season.

Plot 
The series follows K.C. as she trains to be an undercover spy to follow in her parents' footsteps. Each episode centers on the family as they contend with everyday familial issues - while also performing missions to save the country.

Cast
Cast

Main 
 K.C. Cooper (Zendaya), a high school math wiz teenaged girl training to become an undercover spy.
 Craig Cooper (Kadeem Hardison), the dad of K.C. and an undercover spy.
 Kira Cooper (Tammy Townsend), the mom of K.C. and an undercover spy.
 Ernie Cooper (Kamil McFadden), K.C's brother.
 Marisa (Veronica Dunne), K.C's best friend.
 Judy Cooper (Trinity Stokes), K.C's sister who is a robot.

Recurring 
 Lincoln (Trevor Jackson), a criminal undercover spy working for the Other Side.

Trivia 
Unlike the other shows that air on Disney channel (as well as the cartoons), the show is rated TV-Y7-FV, like the Marvel shows and Star Wars Rebels.

References 

Disney Channel television series
Television series by Disney
2010s American television series
English-language television programs
2015 American television series debuts
2018 American television series endings
Herbert Harvey Pollack (March 9, 1922 – June 23, 2015) was an American NBA official. He was director of statistical information for the Philadelphia 76ers. At the time of his death, Pollack was the only individual still working for the NBA since its inaugural 1946-47 season.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Kája Saudek (born Karel Saudek, 13 May 1935 – 26 June 2015) was a Czech comics illustrator. He was one of the most important figures of the Czech comics. His career began in the late 1960s. He was the twin brother of the photographer and painter Jan Saudek.

References

Other websites
 Complete catalogue of works by Kája Saudek 
 Kája Saudek & 60's (Prague.tv – Prague's City Guide)
 Kája Saudek at the komiks.cz 
 Kája Saudek at the comics.cz  
 Kája Saudek at the komix.kvalitne.cz  
 Interview with Kája Saudek (Source: Reflex)  
  Kniha o Saudkovi se rodila v bolestech, neochotná byla rodina i sběratelé (iDnes) 
   Kája Saudek byl zlatý tehdy a je i teď, potvrzuje výstava komiksů (iDnes) 
Vyšla monografie komiksového mistra Káji Saudka. Konečně (iDnes) 
Monografie Káji Saudka zmizela z pultů za pár dní, dotisk není jistý 

1935 births
2015 deaths
People from Prague
Comics artists
Hawkwind are an English rock band. They are one of the earliest space rock groups. Their write and sing about science fiction themes. They formed in November 1969. Hawkwind have changed many times during their history and have played many styles of music. Dozens of musicians, dancers, and writers have worked with the group since they began.

Legacy 

Hawkwind have been named as an influence by artists such as the rock band Monster Magnet, the Sex Pistols (who covered their 1972 song, "Silver Machine"), Henry Rollins of Black Flag, the guitarist Ty Segall, and the English rock band, Ozric Tentacles.

References

Other websites 

 Official band website
 Starfarer's Hawkwind page 
 Hawkwind Files Comprehensive discography
 Hawkeye On Hawkwind 
 Scot Heller's Review of the Hawkestra Concert
 Hawkwind at the Windsor Free Festival
 Hawkwind at the Stonehenge Free Festival
 Hawkwind at The Oval 1972 
 Philm Freax: Hawkwind X-In Search of Space Original photos by Philm Freax.
Musical groups from London
Musical groups established in 1969
English rock bands
This is a list of diplomatic missions in Azerbaijan. At present, the capital city of Baku hosts 61 embassies.

Embassies in Baku

Missions/Representative Offices in Baku
 (Delegation)

 (Representative Office)

Consulates General in other parts of Azerbaijan
Ganja

Nakhchivan City

Non-resident embassies 
  (Ankara)
  (Ankara)
  (Moscow)
  (Moscow)

Related pages 
List of diplomatic missions of Azerbaijan

Other websites
Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs 
Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, List of Diplomatic Missions in Azerbaijan  

Azerbaijan politics-related lists
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Azerbaijan.

Africa

 Algiers (Embassy)

 Cairo (Embassy)

 Addis Ababa (Embassy)

 Tripoli (Embassy)

 Rabat (Embassy)

 Pretoria (Embassy)

Americas

 Buenos Aires (Embassy)

 Brasilia (Embassy)

 Ottawa (Embassy)

 Bogotá (Embassy)

 Havana (Embassy)

 Mexico City (Embassy)

 Lima (Embassy)

 Washington, D.C. (Embassy)
 Los Angeles (Consulate-General)

Asia

 Beijing (Embassy)

 Tbilisi (Embassy)
 Batumi (Consulate-General)

 New Delhi (Embassy)

 Jakarta (Embassy)

 Tehran (Embassy)
 Tabriz (Consulate–General)

 Tokyo (Embassy)

 Amman (Embassy)

 Nur-Sultan (Embassy)
 Aktau (Consulate–General)

 Seoul (Embassy)

 Kuwait City (Embassy)

 Bishkek (Embassy)

 Kuala Lumpur (Embassy)

 Islamabad (Embassy)

 Doha (Embassy)

 Riyadh (Embassy)

 Damascus (Embassy)

 Dushanbe (Embassy)

 Ankara (Embassy)
 Istanbul (Consulate–General)
 Kars (Consulate–General)

 Ashgabad (Embassy)

 Abu Dhabi (Embassy)
 Dubai (Consulate)

 Tashkent (Embassy)

 Hanoi (Embassy)

Europe
Europe

 Vienna (Embassy)

 Minsk (Embassy)

 Brussels (Embassy)

 Sarajevo (Embassy)

 Sofia (Embassy)

 Zagreb (Embassy)

 Prague (Embassy)

 Tallinn (Embassy)

 Paris (Embassy)

 Berlin (Embassy)

 Athens (Embassy)

 Budapest (Embassy)

 Rome (Embassy)

 Riga (Embassy)

 Vilnius (Embassy)

 Chişinău (Embassy)

 Podgorica (Embassy)

 The Hague (Embassy)

 Warsaw (Embassy)

 Bucharest (Embassy)

 Moscow (Embassy)
 Saint Petersburg (Consulate–General)
 Yekaterinburg (Consulate–General)

 Belgrade (Embassy)

 Ljubljana (Embassy)

 Madrid (Embassy)

 Stockholm (Embassy)

 Bern (Embassy)

 Kiev (Embassy)

 London (Embassy)

Oceania

 Canberra (Embassy)

Multilateral organisations
 Brussels (Mission to NATO)
 Geneva (Permanent Mission to the United Nations Office and Other International Organisations)
 New York (Permanent Mission to the United Nations)
 Paris (Mission to UNESCO)
 Strasbourg (Permanent Mission to the Council of Europe)

Related pages 
List of diplomatic missions in Azerbaijan
Other websites
Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs 
Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, List of Diplomatic Missions of Azerbaijan  

Azerbaijan politics-related lists
Marisela Morales Ibáñez is a Mexican lawyer.  She was Attorney General of Mexico. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Life and work 
Morales was born in Mexico City. She got a degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico.  She finished a master's degree in criminal science from the National Institute of Criminal Sciences. 

After Morales finished school, she was the Assistant Attorney General for Specialized Investigation of Organized Crime.  On March 31, 2011, President Felipe Calderón named Morales as the Attorney General of Mexico.

Awards 

 International Women of Courage Award, 2011

Other websites 

 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References  

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1970 births
Living people
Politicians from Mexico City
Mexican lawyers
Khuian Sarwar is a village in Fazilka district of Punjab, India.

Notes

Villages in India
Southport F. C. is an English football club from Sauthport, Merseyside. Southport F. C was founded in 1881. Nowdays, the football club appear in Conference National. In the 2009-2010 season, the club won Conference Northern. In the 2010-2011 season, the club finished in 21st place and had to leave the league, but remained thanks to disband Rushden & Diamonds.

Source 
 Official website

English football clubs
1881 establishments in England
Southport
Nigel Howard Adkins (born 11 March 1965) is an English football manager and former footballer. He was most recently the manager of Hull City.

Career 
Adkins played for Tranmere Rovers, Wigan Athletic and Bangor City.

Adkins' career as a manager started with Bangor City. From 1996 to 2006 he worked for Scunthorpe United as a physiotherapist. He worked for Scunthorpe United as a main coach for four years. In 2010, Adkins became the main coach of Southampton. In March 2013, Adkins became a main coach of Reading.

Sources 
 Profile 

1965 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
People from Birkenhead
Sportspeople from Cheshire
The 10th Army () was an army level command of the German Empire in World War I.

History 
The 10th Army was formed 1 January 1915. The army was stationed on the Eastern Front where it fought against the Russian Empire. It was dissolved in January 1919.

Commanders 
 Hermann von Eichhorn (26 January 1915 - 18 December 1917)
 Erich von Falkenhayn (5 March 1918 - 6 January 1919)

References 

World War I
Medusa (previously known as Bizarro) is a floorless steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure.

1999 establishments in the United States
Roller coasters by name
Roller coasters in New Jersey
1990s establishments in New Jersey
Zhuhai (, ) is a city in Guangdong, China. It is in the Pearl River Delta. It borders Jiangmen to the northwest, Zhongshan to the north, and Macau to the south. Zhuhai was one of the original Special Economic Zones established in the 1980s.  Zhuhai is one of China's popular tourist destinations, being called the Chinese Riviera. Most people in the city are migrants who speak Mandarin. Its northern part, Xiangzhou district is now part of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen built-up area, the biggest built-up area in the world. The area had more than 44,478,513 people in 2010. It includes Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhongshan, Macao, the main part of Guangzhou, and small parts of Jiangmen and Huizhou.

References 

Cities in China
Guangdong
Simone Laudehr (born 12 July 1986 in Regensburg, Bavaria, West Germany) is a German association football midfielder/winger. She currently plays for 1. FFC Frankfurt. Laudehr is also a member of the Germany women's national football team. She was part of a team who won a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

References 

1986 births
Living people
Female footballers
German footballers
German Olympic bronze medalists
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
People from Regensburg
Sportspeople from Bavaria
The word Winger can refer to:

 Winger (sports), a position on the extreme left and right sides in many sports
 Winger (association football)
 Winger (ice hockey)
 Winger (rugby union)
 Winger (band), an American hard rock band
 Winger (album), the band's self-titled debut album
The UEFA Women's Champions League is the female version of the UEFA Champions League. From 2001 to 2009, the competition was called the UEFA Women's Cup. It was formed in 2001. The team of 1. FFC Frankfurt has won the most titles.

Results

UEFA Women's Cup 

The final of the UEFA Women's Cup was played on two legs. Below are the results of the finals:

UEFA Women's Champions League 

The final of the UEFA Women's Champions League was played on one leg. Below are the results of the finals:

Performance by teams

Performance by nations

Photos

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Champions League from DFB.de

Women's football
Football competitions in Europe
2001 establishments in Europe
Umeå IK is a women's association football club that is from Umeå, Sweden. It was founded in 1917 It was started as a  as a general sports club. 

The club won the Swedish national championship in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

It has also won 2 UEFA Women's Champions League titles. The team's colours are black and yellow.

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Swedish football clubs
Umeå
1917 establishments in Sweden
Olympique Lyonnais Féminin (also called Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon or OL) is a women's association football club from Lyon, France. It is the most successful club in the history of Division 1 Féminine with thirteen league titles. The club has been the female section of Olympique Lyonnais since 2004. Lyon currently play in the Division 1 Féminine and are the defending champions, having won the league for nine consecutive seasons. As of 27 June 2015, UEFA rates the club as number 1 in Europe.

Kit

References

Other websites 

Official website

French football clubs
Community of İskenderpaşa is a Sufistic community in Turkey. When Mehmed Zahid Kotku was commisioned as imam in Mosque of İskenderpaşa, it started. When he died, the community's leader was Mahmud Esad Coşan. Now, this community's leader is Muharrem Nureddin Coşan.

This community trained very famous politicians. For example. Necmettin Erbakan, Turgut Özal, Recai Kutan, Korkut Özal, Cevat Ayhan, Ahmet Tekdal, Akif Gülle, Hasan Hüseyin Ceylan, Temel Karamollaoğlu, Nevzat Yalçıntaş .

References 

Sufism
Istanbul
First normal form (1NF) is a property of a relational model, specifically tables. Within a table that is in first normal form, each row has columns that are each represent one thing and contain one element. Additionally, there are no repeated columns in the table.

First normal form is a minimum criterion of database normalization.

References 
Database modeling
Second normal form (2NF) is a property of a relational model, specifically tables that is a criterion of database normalization. 

The first criterion of being second normal form is that the table be first normal form. 

Within a table that is in second normal form, the data in each columns in each row are dependent on each row's entire primary key. A primary key is one or more columns in a row that is used to identify and index that row of the table. Columns that are not related to every column in the primary key are removed. Only columns that are related to all columns in the primary key are retained.

Database modeling
Third normal form (3NF) is a property of a relational model, specifically tables that is a criterion of database normalization. 

The first criterion of being third normal form is that the table be second normal form. 

Within a table that is in third normal form, the data in each column in each row are dependent only on columns that are part of the primary key. A primary key is one or more columns in a row that is used to identify and index that row of the table. Columns that are not related to any column in the primary key are removed. 

Database modeling
City car is a term used for an automobile that is shorter than a typical subcompact car, in the A-segment group. They're also referred to as an urban car because they're intended for short distances. The most common city cars are the Fiat 500, the Chevrolet Spark and Ford Ka (only sold outside the US).

Automobile body styles
Bradford West Gwillimbury is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1991 when the Town of Bradford was merged with parts of the Townships of West Gwillimbury and Tecumseth. According to the Canada 2011 Census, the town had a population of 28,077.

Two highways run through the town: Highway 9 and Highway 400.

Towns in Ontario
1991 establishments in Canada
Simcoe County is part of Central Ontario, Canada. It is north of the Greater Toronto Area, between Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay. It is part of the Golden Horseshoe area. The county covers . In 2011, it had a population of 277,614. It was named by John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, for his father John Simcoe.

Agriculture and manufacturing are a big part of Simcoe County's economy. Honda Canada is one of the county's biggest employers.

The County has sixteen municipalities:
 Town of Bradford West Gwillinbury
 Town of Collingwood
 Town of Innisfil
 Town of Midland
 Town of New Tecumseth
 Town of Penetanguishene
 Town of Wasaga Beach
 Township of Adjala-Tosorontio
 Township of Clearview
 Township of Essa
 Township of Oro-Medonte
 Township of Ramara
 Township of Severn
 Township of Springivater
 Township of Tay
 Township of Tiny, Ontario
The cities of Barrie and Orillia are both in Simcoe County but they are politically independent of the county.

Counties of Ontario
Collingwood is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is on Nottawasaga Bay at the southern end of Georgian Bay. It covers an area of 33.46 square miles (12.92 square miles). According to the Canada 2011 Census, it had a population of 19,241. The town is popular for recreational activities, like skiing and hiking.

Collingwood was incorporated as a town in 1858. It was named after Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, who was a British naval officer. In the late 1970s, several industrial and manufacturing companies built factories in the town.

Towns in Ontario
Prince Edward County is a county in Ontario, Canada. It is in Southern Ontario near the eastern end of Lake Ontario. The Bay of Quinte is north and east of the county. The county covers 1,050.45 square kilometers (405.58 square miles). According to the 2011 census, the county had a population of 25,258.

Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality, which means it is not divided into townships and cities. There are several unincorporated communities in the county, including Picton, where the county government is based.

The Picton Pirates of the Empire B Junior C Hockey League play in Piction. The Wellington Dukes of the Ontario Junior Hockey League play in Wellington.

Prince Edward County is popular with tourists. Because it is on a lake, water sports like canoeing and sailing are very popular. The Sandbanks Provincial Park is near Picton; it is the world's largest fresh water sand bar and dune system.

References

Counties of Ontario
Ontario Highway 62 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 33 in Prince Edward County. It then heads north through Hastings County. It ends in Hastings Highlands, where the highway merges with Highway 127. Highway 62 also passes through Belleville, Madoc, and Bancroft. It is 165.8 kilometers (103 miles) long.

Roads in Ontario
Ontario Highway 34 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 417 near Vankleek Hill. It continues northeast through the Ottawa Valley. It ends in Hawkesbury. It is 16.9 kilometers (10.5 miles) long. It travels through mostly rural areas.

30
Manitoba Highway 10 is a provincial highway in the western part of Manitoba, Canada. It is  long. It goes from south to north. It is the longest highway in Manitoba.

The highway starts at the International Peace Garden along the border with North Dakota, near the Manitoba town of Boissevain. It runs through several towns to Flin Flon at the boundary with Sasatchewan, where it goes on as Saskatchewan Highway 167. Some of the other cities and towns it passes through are Brandon, Ethelbert, and Cranberry Portage.

Between Dauphin and The Pas, Highway 10 is part of the Northern Woods and Water Route.

Roads in Manitoba
The government of Manitoba has three parts. The head of state, Elizabeth II, is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba. The Lieutenant Governor is appointed by the Governor General of Canada, with the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada.

Manitoba has a unicameral legislature, which is called the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. It has fifty-seven members, who are elected from single-member districts (meaning that only one member is elected from each district). The largest party in the legislature forms the executive branch. The party leader of the largest party becomes the Premier of Manitoba.

As of 2015, the most recent general election in Manitoba was on October 4, 2011. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba won a majority of seats. On October 19, 2009, Greg Selinger became the Premier.

Related pages
 List of Manitoba general elections
 List of political parties in Manitoba
The New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP) is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is the provincial wing of the federal New Democratic Party (NDP). It was formed from the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. In 1961, the national Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) merged with the Canadian Labour Congress to form the NDP. The Manitoba wing of the CCF took the New Democratic Party name on November 4, 1961.

The NDP formed a minority government after winning 28 out of 57 seats in the 1969 general election. Edward Schreyer became premier. In the 1973 general election, the NDP won 31 seats and formed a majority government. The party was the largest party in the assembly until the 1988 general election. After that election, the party won only 12 seats.

The party was returned to government in the 1999 general election and formed the government after that.

Political parties of Manitoba
The 40th general election of Manitoba was on October 4, 2011. It was to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party (NDP) won 37 out of 57 seats, the Progressive Conservative Party (PCP) won 19 seats. The Liberal Party won one seat. The Green Party and the Communist Party both ran candidates but none were elected.

Since they had a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly, the NDP formed the government, with Greg Selinger as Premier. The PCP formed the official opposition.

2011 elections
2011 in Canada
election
October events
2010s elections in Canada
General elections in Canada
This is a list of political parties that are active in the province of Manitoba, Canada.

Registered parties
 Manitoba Liberal Party
 New Democratic Party of Manitoba
 Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
 Communist Party of Canada - Manitoba
 Green Party of Manitoba

Unregistered parties
 Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (Manitoba Regional Committee)
Historical parties
These are parties that used to exist in Manitoba but don't any longer. Some merged with other parties in the province.
Canadian Party 1870
Dominion Labour Party (in Manitoba) 1918-1920
Ex-Soldiers and Ex-Sailors Party of Manitoba 1920
First Peoples Party 1995
Freedom Party of Manitoba 2007
Independent Citizen's Party 1920
Independent Labour Party (in Manitoba) (I) 1890s, 1907
Independent Labour Party (in Manitoba) (II) 1920-1943
Independent Native Voice 1995
Labor-Progressive Party 1941-1959
Labour Representation Committee (in Manitoba) 1910s
Libertarian Party of Manitoba, 1980s-2005
Manitoba Confederation of Regions Party 1984-1991
Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1936-1961
Manitoba Grey Party 2002-2003
Manitoba Labour Party 1910
Manitoba Marijuana Party 2005-2007
Manitoba Party 1998-2003
Manitoba Reform Party 1991-1995
Manitoba Social Credit Party 1935-1981
Patrons of Industry 1890s
Prosperity for Posterity Party 1953
Progressive Party of Manitoba 1921-1948
Progressive Party of Manitoba (II) 1981-1995
Prohibitionists 1903
Provincial Rights Party 1882-1884
Revolutionary Workers League (in Manitoba) 1977
Social Democratic Party of Canada (in Manitoba) 1911-1920
Socialist Party of Canada (in Manitoba) 1904-1922, 1932, 1945
Sound Money Economics System 1941
Union Labour 1922
Western Canada Concept Party of Manitoba 1984-1987
Western Independence Party of Manitoba 1987-1995(?)
Winnipeg into the '90s 1989
Winnipeg Labour Party 1899-1903
The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The party developed in the 1880s from the Provincial Rights Party. The Liberal party won the 1915 general elections winning 40 seats out of 57 in the Legislative Assembly. This was the largest victory in Manitoba history. However, in the 1922 general elections, the Liberals lost power to the United Farmers of Manitoba. Support for the Liberal party declined in the decades after this election. From 1932 to 1961, the party merged with the Progressive Party of Manitoba as the Liberal-Progressive Party. In 1961 it changed its name back to the Liberal Party.

In the 1981 general elections, the party failed to win any seats at all for the first time in its history.

Liberal
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (or PCP) is the one of the right-wing political parties in Manitoba, Canada. The party was founded in 1882. It formed the government for the province between 1899 and 1915. It lost power in the 1915 general election because of a scandal about the building of the Manitoba Legislative Building.

During the 20th century, the PCP formed the provincial government several times. After the 1988 general election, the party formed a minority government and remained in power for several years. In the Manitoba general election, 1999, it lost power to the New Democratic Party. In the 2011 general election, the PCP formed the opposition in the Legislative Assembly, with eight seats.

On July 30, 2012, Brian Pallister became the party leader. He is also the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly. After the 2016 elections, the PCP won a majority government and Pallister became the Premier of Manitoba.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Political parties of Manitoba
Conservative parties
1882 establishments
1880s establishments in Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba is the unicameral assembly of the legislature of Manitoba, Canada. There are fifty-seven members, all from single-member constituencies. Each is elected in provincial general elections in a first-past-the-post voting system. The assembly meets in the Manitoba Legislative Building in Winnipeg.

The Premier of Manitoba is usually the leader of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba is the presiding officer of the legislature.

Government of Manitoba
Manitoba
Unicameral legislatures
The Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba is the representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II in the government of Manitoba. The Manitoba lieutenant governor is appointed in the same way as the other Canadian lieutenant governors. Most of the lieutenant governor's roles are ceremonial, such as giving provincial awards and decorations.

The office of Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba was created in 1870, when Manitoba became a province. The first lieutenant governor was Adams George Archibald, from 1870 to 1872.

Government of Manitoba
Canadian politicians
The Premier of Manitoba is the head of government for the province of Manitoba, Canada. The Premier is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who represents the Queen. The Premier is usually the head of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. The Premier then appoints the Cabinet of Manitoba.

The current Premier of Manitoba is Heather Stefanson of the Progressive Conservative Party. She was sworn in on November 2, 2021 becoming the first female premier of Manitoba.

References

Other websites
 Premier of Manitoba Official Site
This is a list of the general elections to the Canadian province of Manitoba's Legislative Assembly. The number of seats has increased over time, to the present 57. Usually a general election is held every four years. The most recent election was in 2016.

Summary of results
The table below shows the total number of seats won by the major political parties at each election. The winning party's total is shown in bold. Full details on any election are linked via the year of the election at the start of the row.
Notes
  Includes results for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (1936 to 1959), Independent Labour Party (1922 to 1936), Labour (1920), Socialists (1920) and Social Democrats (1915 and 1920).
  Includes results for Progressive Conservatives, and also the Independent Conservative candidate elected in 1903.
  Includes results for the Liberal-Progressive party.
  Includes results for the Progressive party in 1927.
  Includes the two Liberal-Conservatives elected, who were members of the government.
  Includes those of unknown party status.

Elections prior to provincial political parties
Until the 1879 election, political parties were not active in the province. However, some candidates declared their support for (or opposition to) the administration of the time. Full details on any election are linked via the year of the election at the start of the row.

elections
General elections in Canada
Ambroise Paré (1510-1590) was an important French surgeon of the 16th century. He caused a major change in how medicine was practiced. Unlike surgeons before him, he cared about his patients. He worked to promote healing and minimize a patient's pain. His said "I dressed him, God cured him." Paré was a royal surgeon to several French kings including Henry II. He considered by many to be the father of modern surgery.

Career 
Paré was born about 1510 in France. His father was a country artisan. As a youth he was an apprentice to a barber. Then he trained as a barber-surgeon in Paris. This was at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris hospital.
In 1536, Paré was a young war surgeon just getting started on the battlefield. He ran out of oil to seal soldiers' wounds after amputations. He made up a mix of egg yolks, oil of roses and turpentine. He applied this to several soldier's wounds. The next morning he was surprised to see those soldiers with the mix he made up were much better than the soldiers who had been scalded. He used ligatures to tie off arteries during amputations to stop bleeding.

Royal surgeon 
In 1552, Paré became the official royal surgeon. He was surgeon to four French kings: Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III.
Paré wrote his first book, Methods of Treating Wounds, in 1545. He wrote it in French because he did not speak Latin. In 1575 he published his collected works. He was severely criticized by the Faculty of Physicians. This was the top school of physicians in France. Paré was called an ignorant fraud by Etienne Gourmelen, the dean of the Faculty. He stated no books on medicine could be published except through the Faculty of Physicians. Paré had the support of the king so his books sold without the Faculty. He wrote three more books. Paré wrote his own story titled The Apology and Treatise of Ambroise Paré.

References

Other websites 

 Pages from Pare's 1575 book at the James Lind Library

1510 births
1590 deaths
People from Mayenne
French surgeons
There are 92 association football teams in the top four tiers of English football. Each team has a manager or head coach. The Premier League and Football Leagues are the only fully professional football leagues in England. The Premier League has 20 clubs at the top of the English football league system. The other 72 clubs are split into the three divisions of the Football League: the Championship, League One, and League Two.

Some of these managers were chosen as caretaker managers before the main job. A caretaker's start date is written in italics. Some managers have had more than one time in charge at their current club, however their time as manager is counted from the date of their latest club. Only one manager has spent more than 10 years in his current job. This list includes every manager currently managing a club in the Premier League and The Football League, in order of the date that they took up their job.

Managers

Notes
‡ indicates player-manager

References

Other websites
The Manitoba general election of November 17, 1981 was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. The New Democratic Party won the election. They won 34 out of 57 seats. The Progressive Conservative Party won the remaining 23 seats. The Manitoba Liberal Party didn't win any seats for the first time in its history. The Progressive Party (which ran for the first time), the Communist Party, and Western Canada Concept Party also ran candidates in the election. None of these parties won any seats.

Howard Pawley of the New Democratic Party became premier.

1981 elections
1981 in Canada
November events
1980s elections in Canada
election
General elections in Canada
The Manitoba general election of September 21, 1999 was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. The New Democratic Party won the election. They won 32 out of 57 seats. The Progressive Conservative Party won 24 seats. The Manitoba Liberal Party won one seat. The Manitoba Party, the Green Party, the Libertarian Party, and the Communist Party all ran candidates as well, but none won any seats. Each of those parties got less than 1% of the total vote.

The New Democratic Party formed the government for the first time since losing the 1988 general election. Gary Doer became premier.

1999 elections
1999 in Canada
election
September events
1990s elections in Canada
Rhynia is a genus of Early Devonian fossil land plants. Only one species is known, R. gwynne-vaughanii. The fossils are the sporophyte generation of a vascular plant. Rhynia had anatomical features more advanced than those of the bryophytes.

Related pages
 Horneophyton, a fossil non-vascular plant similar to Rhynia

References

Vascular plants
Fossil plants
Extinct plants
In economics, productive efficiency is a situation in which an economy is not able to produce any more of one good without reducing the production of another good. As resources are limited, it is not possible for more units of a good to be produced without taking away the resources used for producing another good. The concept of productive efficiency can be shown on a production possibility frontier (PPF), where all points on the curve are productively efficient.

Productive efficiency refers to the maximum amount of output that an economy can produce at a certain point in time. However, if firms in the economy were to improve on their production methods and increase productivity, it is possible for the PPF to shift outwards, thus allowing more goods to be produced than before.
Productive inefficiency happens when factors of production (i.e. land, labor, capital or enterprise) are not used to its maximum. For example, labor in the form of workers may be sitting and not doing any work. If the worker were to be used to produce more output than before, then having the worker not doing any work would be productively inefficient.

Allocative efficiency is a special type of productive efficiency in which the right amount of goods is produced to benefit society in the best way.

Model 
Productive efficiency can be shown either by using a production possibility frontier (PPF) diagram, or by using the marginal cost and average total cost curves.

Production possibility frontier
Assuming that the economy only produces 2 goods – guns and butter. Points B, C and D on the diagram are considered to be productively efficient as it is not possible to produce more of either good without having to reduce the production of the other. For example, if the economy is producing at point D, the only way to produce more butter is to reduce the production of guns, thus reaching point C.

If the economy was originally producing at point A of the diagram, it is possible for more butter and guns to be produced without having to reduce the production of any of them. When this happens, the economy shifts from point A to point D and is better utilizing its resources.

However, if the economy was originally producing at point D and wants to produce more butter, the production of guns would have to be reduced. If the production of guns is not reduced, the economy would produce at point X, which is not possible in reality as there are no resources available to produce the extra output.
Marginal and average total cost 

For a firm that is producing a certain type of good, it would have the marginal cost (MC) and average total cost (ATC) curves when producing an additional unit of output as shown in the diagram.

By definition, the MC curve will meet the ATC curve at its minimum point, which is the point P1 and Q1 on the diagram. At this point, producing more than Q1 would bring more costs than benefits to the firm, whereas producing less than Q1 would mean that there are more benefits than costs in producing more of the good. Hence, the point P1 and Q1 would be a point that is just right, and all the resources of the firm would be fully used in the best possible way.

In reality, firms that are less competitive are unlikely to be producing at the productively efficient point as they are earning supernormal profits and have no need to cut costs. These firms are thus considered to be X-inefficient.

References 

Economics
Management
Rhynie () () is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is 14 miles northwest of Alford.

The Rhynie chert is named after the village, as well as the extinct plant genus Rhynia. The Rhynie chert is a sedimentary rock.  It was deposited during the Devonian period and contains the oldest fossil insect in the world.

The Station Hotel at Rhynie is mentioned as a joke in the sketch "The Will" by Scotland the What. The joke is that there is no railway station at Rhynie, "..but they were aye hopin' for one."

History

Eight Pictish symbol stones have been found at Rhynie. These include the "Rhynie Man", discovered in 1978. It is a six foot tall boulder carved with a bearded man carrying an axe. It may possibly be the Celtic god Esus.

The "Rhynie Man" now stands inside Woodhill House (the headquarters of the Aberdeenshire Council ) in Aberdeen.
In 2011, archaeological excavations at Rhynie, near the site of the "Rhynie Man", dug up a fortified settlement. It dates to the early medieval period.  Among the finds at the site were fragments of a late 5th or 6th century Roman amphora. It is the only known example of a Roman amphora from Eastern Britain that dates to the post-Roman period. This must have been imported from the Mediterranean region. It means that the inhabitants of the settlement must have been of high status.  Archaeologists have said that the settlement may have been a royal family site where Pictish kings lived.

References

Other websites 

 Rhynie in the Gazetteer for Scotland

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Archaeological sites in Scotland
Todor Slavov (; 22 January 1984 – 28 June 2015) was a Bulgarian rally driver.

On 28 June 2015, Slavov was involved in a crash at Rally Tvarditsa-Elena. Soon after, he died of fatal injuries.

References

1984 births
2015 deaths
Bulgarian sportspeople
Deaths in sport
Road accident deaths
Walter Peter Stanowski (April 28, 1919 – June 28, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Career
Stanowski started his National Hockey League career with the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1939. In 1941, he was a member of the NHL All-Star Team. He won four Stanley Cups with the Maple Leafs. Stanowski was traded to the New York Rangers after the 1947-48 season. He retired after the 1951 season.

Stanowski was the last surviving member of Maple Leafs 1942 and 1945 Stanley Cup team.

Death
As of 2015, Stanowski lived in a retirement home near Toronto. He died on June 28, 2015.

References

1919 births
2015 deaths
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
New York Rangers players
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Ice hockey defencemen