Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A sloop is a sailboat usually with one mast and fore-and-aft rigged sails. It can also describe a square rigged sailing ship of two or more masts which is sometimes called a sloop of war. The French called them corvettes. Originally the definition of a sloop was vague. A 1750 book said sloops "are sailed and masted as men's fancies lead them, sometimes with one mast, with two, and with three." Modern recreational sloops are almost always one-masted sailing ships with fore-and-aft sails. Their simple layout makes them popular with amateur sailors. The sloop is a manageable sailboat layout up to a length of about .

History 
The sloop design dates back to the early part of the 17th century. By the 20th century they became very popular. Their main advantages are their ease of handling and ability to sail upwind (into the wind).
An early 17th century design was the Bermuda sloop, so-named for the Bermuda trade with North America. It was designed to be fast and could sail in both directions. They needed to be fast to outrun French privateers. The hull was made from Bermuda cedar. The wood was light and resisted rot. They had from one to three masts. 
 
Most modern sailboats are based on the Bermuda sloop design. The Bermuda rig replaced the earlier gaff rig which used a four-cornered sail (instead of a triangular sail) and a spar. A gaff rig design allows more sail on a mast. Another advantage is the gaff rig and other early designs can spill wind faster in a blow (heavy wind).
The sloop of war was the most numerous design in the Royal Navy by the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Yet very little has been written about them or their French counterpart, the Corvettes. Later, the United States used sloops of war. The Royal Navy used the class of "sloop" right up until the end of World War II. The sailing sloop, like its larger cousin the frigate, were fast and used in a variety of roles. They were not usually used in battle, but were more often used for support in reconnaissance and for carrying messages. They were probably the best of the Royal Navy sailing ships for maneuverability and could function in all but the roughest sea conditions.

Related pages 

 Frigate
 Schooner
 Brig
 Brigantine
 Cutter (boat)
 J-class yacht
 Lugger
 Keelboat
 Yacht
 Skerry cruiser
 Smack (ship)
 Yawl
 Thames sailing barge
 Pocket cruiser

Reference

Other websites 
 Class B Bahamian Racing Sloop "Tari Anne"; YouTube
 19th century Sloop of War U.S.S Constellation; YouTube

Sailing
Boats
East Croydon station is a railway station and tram stop on the Croydon Tramlink. It is in fare zone 5.

Platforms
Platform 1 serves fast London-bound trains to Victoria station and platforms 2 and 3 serves fast south-bound trains to Brighton, Eastbourne and Southampton Central railway station. Platform 4 serves fast trains towards London Bridge station. Platform 6 is used for fast trains towards Oxted, Uckfield and East Grinstead and for stopping services towards Tattenham Corner and Caterham. Platform 5 is for slow services that stop in many places.

Buses
London buses  traveling routes 64, 119, 194, 197, 198, 312, 367, 410, 433, 466, 689 and X26 all serve this station.

Departures

References

Other websites
 http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations_destinations/ECR.aspx

1841 establishments in the United Kingdom
1840s establishments in England
Bonus may mean:
 an extra payment in addition to wage
 Performance-related pay for how well someone works

Bonus may also refer to:
 Bonus, Pennsylvania
 Bonus, Texas
 A type of question in Quiz Bowl
The Courage in Journalism Award is a prize by the International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF) for women journalists.  It recognizes women who write from dangerous areas.

Since 1990, more than 100 women from 54 countries received the award. In 2014, the IWMF started a new award, the Anja Niedringhaus Courage in Photojournalism Award, named for the photojournalist killed in Afghanistan during the elections.

The 2016 award ceremonies were on October 22 in New York, and October 29 in Los Angeles.

Award winners by year
2022
 Cerise Castle of the United States
 Lynsey Addario of Ukraine and the United States
 Victoria Roshchyna of Ukraine
 Xueqin (Sophia) Huang of China - Wallis Annenberg Justice for Women Journalists Award
2021
 Khabar Lahariya of India
 Paola Ugaz of Peru
 Vanessa Charlot of the United States
 Katsyaryna Andreeva and Darya Chultsova of Belarus
2020
 Gulchehra Hoja of China and the United States
 Jessikka Aro of Finnland
 Solafa Magdy of Egypt
 Yakeen Bido of Syria
2019
 Anna Babinets of Ukraine
 Anna Nimiriano of South Sudan
 Liz Sly of the United Kingdom
 Lucia Pineda of Nicaragua
 Nastya Stanko of Ukraine
2018
 Meridith Kohut of the United States
 Nima Elbagir
 Rosario Mosso Castro
 Anna Babinets
 Zehra Doğan of Turkey
 Lesley Stahl - Lifetime Achievement Award
2017
 Deborah Amos of the United States
 Saniya Toiken of Kazakhstan
 Hadeel al-Yamani of Yemen
 Andrea Mitchell of the United States - Lifetime Achievement Award
 Stefanie Sinclair - Anja Niedlinghaus Courage in Photojournalism Award
2016
 Mabel Cáceres of Peru
 Janine di Giovanni of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France
 Stella Paul of India
 Diane Rehm of the United States

2015
 Mwape Kumwenda of Zambia
 Anna Nemtsova of Russia
 Lourdes Ramirez of Honduras
 Linda Deutsch of the United States

2014
 Arwa Damon of the United States
 Solange Lusiku Nsimire  of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Brankica Stanković  of Serbia
 Alexandra Trower of the United States

2013
 Najiba Ayubi of Afghanistan
 Nour Kelze of Syria
 Bopha Phorn of Cambodia
 Edna Machirori of Zimbabwe
 Anne Finucane of the United States

2012
 Reeyot Alemu of Ethiopia
 Asmaa Al-Ghoul of Palestine
 Khadija Ismayilova of Azerbaijan
 Zubeida Mustafa of Pakistan

2011
 Adela Navarro Bello of Mexico
 Parisa Hafezi of Iran
 Chiranuch Premchaiporn of Thailand
 Kate Adie of the United Kingdom

2010
 Claudia Julieta Duque of Colombia
 Vicky Ntetema of Tanzania
 Tsering Woeser of Tibet
 Alma Guillermoprieto of Mexico
2009
 Jila Baniyaghoob of Iran
 Iryna Khalip of Belarus
 Agnes Taile of Cameroon
 Amira Hass of Israel

2008
 Farida Nekzad of Afghanistan
 Sevgul Uludag of Cyprus
 Aye Aye Win of Myanmar
 Edith Lederer of United States

2007
 Lydia Cacho of Mexico
 Serkalem Fasil of Ethiopia
 McClatchy’s Baghdad bureau (Shatha al Awsy, Zaineb Obeid, Huda Ahmed, Ban Adil Sarhan, Alaa Majeed, and Sahar Issa) of Iraq
 Peta Thornycroft of Zimbabwe

2006
 Jill Carroll of the United States
 May Chidiac of Lebanon
 Gao Yu (accepting 1995 award) of China
 Elena Poniatowska of Mexico

2005
 Sumi Khan of Bangladesh
 Anja Niedringhaus (1965-2014) of Germany
 Shahla Sherkat of Iran
 Molly Ivins (1944-2007) of the United States

2004
 Gwen Lister of Namibia
 Mabel Rehnfeldt of Paraguay
 Salima Tlemcani of Algeria
 Belva Davis of United States

2003
 Anne Garrels of the United States
 Tatyana Goryachova of the Ukraine
 Marielos Monzon of Guatemala
 Magdalena Ruiz of Argentina
2002
 Kathy Gannon of Canada
 Sandra Nyaira of Zimbabwe
 Anna Politkovskaya (1958-2006) of Russia
 Mary McGrory (1918-2004) of the United States

2001
 Amal Abbas of Sudan
 Jineth Bedoya Lima of Colombia
 Carmen Gurruchaga of Spain
 Colleen “Koky” Dishon (1924-2004) of the United States

2000
 Marie Colvin (1956-2012) of the United Kingdom
 Agnes Nindorera of Burundi
 Zamira Sydykova of Kyrgyzstan
 Flora Lewis (1922-2002) of the United States

1999
 Sharifa Akhlas of Afghanistan
 Kim Bolan of Canada
 Aferdita Kelmendi of Kosovo
 Peggy Peterman (1936-2004) of the United States

1998
 Elizabeth Neuffer (1956-2003) of the United States
 Blanca Rosales Valencia of Peru
 Anna Zarkova of Bulgaria
 Bonnie Angelo of the United States

1997
 Bina Bektiati of Indonesia
 Corinne Dufka of the United States
 Maribel Gutierrez Moreno of Mexico
 Nancy Woodhull (1945-1997) of the United States

1996
 Ayse Onal of Turkey
 Saida Ramadan of Sudan
 Lucy Sichone of Zambia
 Meg Greenfield (1930-1999) of United States
1995
 Chris Anyanwu of Nigeria
 Horria Saihi of Algeria
 Gao Yu of China
 Helen Thomas (1920-2013) of United States

1994
 Christiane Amanpour of the United States
 Razia Bhatti (1944-1996) of Pakistan
 Marie-Yolande Saint-Fleur of Haiti
 Katharine Graham (1917-2001) of the United States

1993
 Donna Ferrato of the United States
 Mirsada Sakic-Hatibovic, Arijana Saracevic of Bosnia-Herzegovina
 Cecilia Valenzuela of Peru
 Nan Robertson (1926-2009) of the United States

1992
 Catherine Gicheru of Kenya
 Kemal Kurspahic, Gordana Knezevic of Bosnia-Herzegovina
 Margaret Moth of New Zealand
 Barbara Walters of the United States

1991
 Lyubov Kovalevskaya of the Ukraine
 Marites Vitug of the Philippines

1990
 Maria Jimena Duzan of Colombia
 Florica Ichim of Romania
 Caryle Murphy of the United States
 Lilianne Pierre-Paul of Haiti

References

Journalism awards
A brig is a sailing ship with two square-rigged masts. During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and maneuverable. They were used as both naval warships and merchant vessels. Even after the sailing age ended they were used as training ships. The brig was one of the smaller two-masted sailing ships. They popular in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Brigs fell out of use with the arrival of the steam ship because they required a relatively large crew for their small size. They were also difficult to sail into the wind.  They are not to be confused with a brigantine, which has different rigging (a brigantine has a gaff-rigged mainsail, while a brig has a square mainsail with an additional gaff-rigged spanker behind the mainsail). A brig is different from a three-masted ship because it only has two masts.
Rigging
In sailing, a full-rigged brig is a vessel with two square rigged masts (called the fore and main). The main mast of a brig is the aft (rear) one. To improve maneuverability, the mainmast carries a small (gaff rigged) fore-and-aft sail.
Hull 
A brig is "generally built on a larger scale than a schooner. It could approach the size of a full-sized, three-masted ship." Brigs varried in length between 75 and 165 ft (23–50 m) with tonnages up to 480. Historically, most brigs were made of wood. However some later brigs were built with hulls and masts of steel or iron. Brigs with pine hulls were built in the 19th century. They was designed to last for about twenty years although many lasted longer.
Brigs were used as small warships carrying about 10 to 18 cannons. Due to their speed and maneuverability they were popular among pirates (though they were rare among American and Caribbean pirates). Their use stretches back before the 17th century. However one of the most famous periods for the brig was during the 19th century when they were involved in famous naval battles such as the Battle of Lake Erie. In the early 19th century the brig was a standard cargo ship. It was seen as "fast and well sailing", but required a large crew to handle its rigging. While brigs could not sail into the wind as easily as fore-and-aft–rigged vessels such as schooners a skilled brig captain could "manoeuvre it with ease and elegance; a brig could for instance turn around almost on the spot". A brig's square-rig also had the advantage over a fore-and-aft–rigged vessel when travelling in the open ocean
. When fore-and aft rigged vessels sailed downwind for extended distances and where "the danger of a sudden jibe was the large schooner-captain's nightmare". This trait later led to the evolution of the barquentine. The need for large crews in relation to their smaller size led to the decline of the production of brigs. They were replaced in commercial traffic by gaff sail schooners (which needed smaller crews) and steam boats (which did not have the windward performance problems of square rigged ships).
The Telos, built in Bangor, Maine in 1883, was reportedly the last brig to join the American merchant marine. It was "considered to be the finest vessel of her class ever constructed in Maine".  She was wrecked on Aves Island, off Bonaire in the Caribbean, in 1900.

References 

Sailing ships
The 1956 Grand Canyon was a mid-air collision that happened on Saturday, 30 June 1956 at 11:31 am Mountain Standard Time. A United Airlines plane running as United Airlines Flight 718 hit another airplane owned by Trans World Airlines (TWA), operating as Trans World Airlines Flight 2. The aircraft involved was a Douglas DC-7 and a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation. The crash happened over the Grand Canyon within the boundaries of Grand Canyon National Park. All 128 passengers and crew on board both flights died in the collision. The crash was the first commercial airline crash with over 100 deaths, and led to lots of changes in flight control in the United States. The crash site today is considered as a National Historic Landmark.

Aircraft
A total of two airplanes were involved in the collision. These planes were:
United Airlines Flight 718 - nicknamed Mainliner Vancouver, the aircraft was a Douglas DC-7. The airplane had an aircraft registration of . The aircraft carried a total of 58 people (53 passengers and 5 crew members). The aircraft was flying under the orders of pilot Robert F. Shirley, co-pilot Robert W. Harms,and flight engineer Gerard Fiore.

Trans World Airlines Flight 2 - nicknamed Star of the Seine, the aircraft was a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation. The aircraft had an aircraft registration of . The aircraft carried 70 people (64 passengers and 6 crew members). The aircraft was flying under the orders of pilot Jack S. Gandy, co-pilot James H. Ritner, and flight engineer Forrest D. Breyfogle.

Collision
At about 11:31 AM MST, the track of both airplanes intersected over the canyon, and they hit each other.

Gallery

References

other websites
A photograph of the TWA funeral by Life Magazine in 1956
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
1956 in the United States
20th century in Arizona
Glyfada is a district in southern Athens and a famous coastal resort.
The area developed as a tourist destination through the 1970s and 1980s and has a large number of hotels, shops, restaurants and clubs. It is situated close to the old international airport.

References

Athens
Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population for 2020 was 929,744. Memphis is its county seat.

References

Tennessee counties
A cutter is typically a small, but in some cases a medium-sized, watercraft designed for speed rather than for capacity.  Traditionally a cutter is a smaller sailing ship with a single mast. It is fore-and-aft rigged, with two or more headsails and often has a bowsprit. The cutter's mast may be set farther back than on a sloop.

In modern usage, a cutter can be either a small- or medium-sized ship whose occupants exercise official authority. Examples are harbor pilots' cutters and cutters of the U.S. Coast Guard or UK Border Force.

Cutters can also be a small boat serving a larger one to ferry passengers or light cargo between larger ships and the shore. This type of cutter may be powered by oars, sails or a motor.

References 

Sailing
Ships
Plastic wrap (also cling wrap, food wrap, or clingfilm) is a thin plastic material. It is used for sealing food in containers. It keeps food fresh over a long period of time without spoiling. It is usually sold on rolls in boxes with a cutting edge.

Plastic wrap was first made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A common, cheaper alternative to PVC is low-density polyethylene (LDPE). LDPE doesn't stick to itself as well as PVC.

In the United States and Japan, Plastic wrap has sometimes been made of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC). PVdC was the main ingredient in Saran Wrap, a popular brand of plastic wrap. Now, Saran Wrap is made with polyethylene.

Research shows that plastic wrapping of food is often not wasteful, because the food lasts longer. A study showed that only 3% of wrapped food was wasted in the UK, but up to 50% of food was wasted in an African country, where it was sold unwrapped.

References

Related pages 
Cellophane
Polyethylene

Polymer chemistry

Synthetic materials
Bad Moms is a 2016 American comedy movie. It was released in July 2016.

Plot
Amy Mitchell is a married woman with two children, Dylan and Jane. Amy feels overworked and over-committed. She works as a sales representative for a "hip" coffee company. She is active in her school's Parent-Teacher Association or PTA. The PTA is run by Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate), Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky.

Cast 

 Mila Kunis as Amy Mitchell
 Kristen Bell as Kiki
 Kathryn Hahn as Carla Dunkler
 Christina Applegate as Gwendolyn James
 Jada Pinkett Smith as Stacy
 Annie Mumolo as Vicky
 Jay Hernandez as Jessie Harkness
 Lilly Singh as Cathy
 Oona Laurence as Jane Mitchell
 Emjay Anthony as Dylan Mitchell
 Billy Slaughter as Veterinarian
 Wendell Pierce as Principal Daryl Burr
 David Walton as Mike Mitchell
 Megan Ferguson as Tessa
 Wanda Sykes as Dr. Elizabeth Karl
 J. J. Watt as Coach Craig
 Clark Duke as Dale Kipler
 Martha Stewart as herself

Reception
Bad Moms took in over $179 million at the box office.
The movie's reviews were mixed. It scored a 60 on Metacritic's reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a 60% rating.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2016 comedy movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
2010s feminist movies
Unterbäch is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Raron
Wiler (Lötschen) is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Raron
Carshalton railway station is a railway station at Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton in South London. It is located between Sutton and Hackbridge.

The station opened on 1st October 1868. The two main trains that run in this station is Southern and Thameslink. This station is in fare zone 5.

Platforms
There are two station in this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Central London and Bedfordshire. This includes trains towards Victoria station, St Albans and Luton. Platform 2 is for southbound trains. This includes trains to Sutton (Surrey) and Epsom.

Frequency
This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

Up (northbound)
 2 to Victoria Station via Balham station
 1 to St Albans via St Pancras station
 1 to Luton via St Pancras station

Down (southbound)
 2 to Sutton (Surrey) (last stop)
 2 to Epsom via Sutton (Surrey)

Buses
London buses routes 127, 157 and S3 operate at this station.
Departures
This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line.

Other websites
 Live Departure Boards - National Rail Enquiries

1868 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
Railway stations opened in 1868
Beah Richards (July 12, 1920 – September 14, 2000) was an American actress. She performed on stage, in movies and on television. During her career, she received two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performances on television.

Richards made many guest television appearances in shows, like The Bill Cosby Show, Designing Women and ER.

Richards was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Emphysema took her life in September 2000. She was age 80.

References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Mississippi
1920 births
2000 deaths
People from Vicksburg, Mississippi
Emmy Award winning actors
ER is an American medical drama television series that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994 to April 2, 2009. Novelist Michael Crichton was the creator of the show.

Overview 
The show is about the fictional County General Hospital in Chicago. It showed stories from the emergency room. 

ER won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards. It won 116 awards overall, including the Peabody Award. The show was nominated for 124 Emmys.

References

1994 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
1990s American drama television series
1990s medical television series
2000s American drama television series
2000s medical television series
American medical television series
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs
The ZooParc de Beauval (or Beauval zoo) is a zoo in Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher. It has nearly 35,000 animals, including two giant pandas, found nowhere else in France. It was created in 1980 by Françoise Delord. It is considered to be one of the largest zoos in Europe.

References

1980 establishments in France
Zoos
Loir-et-Cher
Organizations based in France
A jib is a triangular sail that sets ahead of the foremast of a sailing vessel. Its tack (lower leading edge) is attached to the bowsprit, to the bow, or to the deck between the bowsprit and the foremost mast. Jibs and spinnakers are the two main types of headsails on a modern boat.

Traditional vessels 
 
Schooners typically have up to three jibs. The foremost one sets on the topmast forestay and is generally called the jib topsail. A second jib on the main forestay is called the jib. The innermost jib is called the staysail. Actually, all three sails are both jibs and staysails, in a general sense. A large square-rigged ship typically has four jibs, but could have as many as six. 

From forward (fore) to the back of the boat (aft), these sails are called:
 Jib of jibs
 Spindle jib
 Flying jib
 Outer jib
 Inner jib
 Fore (topmast) staysail.
The first two were rarely used except by clipper ships in light winds. A storm jib was a small jib of heavy canvas set to a stay to help to control the ship in bad weather.

Modern vessels 

Boats may be sailed using a jib alone. More commonly jib(s) make a minor direct contribution to moving the boat, compared to a mainsail. Generally, a jib's most important function is as an airfoil, increasing performance and overall stability of the mainsail.
 
On boats with only one jib, it is common for the clew of the jib to be further aft than the mast, meaning the jib and mainsail overlap. An overlapping jib is called a genoa jib or simply a genoa (see illustration). These are efficiently used when  reaching more broadly than a close reach. Alternatively, a boat may carry smaller jibs, to compensate aerodynamics when the mainsail is  reefed; these more rugged sails are called storm jibs or spitfires.
On a boat with two staysails the inner sail is called the staysail, and the outer (foremost) is called the jib. This combination of two staysails is called a cutter rig (or in North America a yankee pair) and a boat with one mast rigged with two staysails and a mainsail is called a cutter.

On cruising yachts, and nearly all racing sailboats, the jib needs to be worked when tacking. On these yachts, there are two sheets (ropes) attached to the clew of the jib. As the yacht comes head to wind during a tack, the active sheet is released. At the same time the other sheet (the lazy sheet) on the other side of the boat is pulled in. This sheet becomes the new active sheet until the next tack.

References

Other websites 
 Beginners Guide to Sailing - An Introduction; YouTube

Sailing
Brian [brahy-uhn](sometimes spelled as Bryan) is a common name in the English language. This name was ranked #288 on the US Popular Names in 2021. The name came from Irish and Breton origins. The name is also a surname of Occitan origins.The exact meaning of Brian is not known. However, it is possible the  name is from Old Celtic, meaning "high" or "noble".
People named Brian
Brian Blessed (born 1937), English actor
Brian Clough (1935–2004), British football manager
Brian Cowen (born 1960), former Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of the Republic of Ireland
Brian Cox (born 1946), Scottish actor
Brian De Palma (born 1940), American film director
Brian Eno (born 1948), English electronic musician, music theorist and record producer
Brian Epstein (1934–1967), English businessperson, manager of The Beatles
Brian Johnson (born 1947), member and lead vocalist of the hard rock band AC/DC
Brian Jones (1942–1969), founding member, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist in the English rock group The Rolling Stones
Brian Jossie (born 1977), American professional wrestler performing under the ring name of Abraham Washington
Brian Joubert (born 1984), French figure skater and 2007 World Champion
Brian Lara (born 1969), former West Indian cricketer
Brian Laudrup (born 1969), former Danish international soccer player
Brian Littrell (born 1975), member of the boy band, The Backstreet Boys
Brian May (born 1947), famous guitarist from the band, Queen
Brian Molko (born 1972), lead vocalist of the band Placebo
Brian Mulroney (born 1939), former Canadian prime minister (1984–1993)
Brian Williams (born 1959), anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News on the NBC Television Network
Brian Wilson (born 1942), member of American music group, The Beach Boys
Brian Wilson (born 1982), pitcher for the San Francisco Giants
References

Given names
Surnames
LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 was a flight operated by LaMia that crashed near the city of Medellín in Colombia. The airplane was carrying players from the Chapecoense football team. The airplane had an aircraft registration of . The airplane crashed on 28 November 2016, at around 22:00 local time. The crash killed 71 people. Seven people originally survived the crash. However, one of the survivors, a goalkeeper known as Danilo, died a few hours after the plane crashed. The three Chapecoense players that survived were Alan Ruschel, Jakson Follmann, and Neto.

It crashed on November 28, 2016 at approximately 21:58 (UTC-5: 00).  Among the passengers were players from the Brazilian soccer team Chapecoense, who were on their way to play the 2016 Copa Sudamericana final against Atlético Nacional. Six people survived the accident. The Colombian Civil Aeronautics Special Administrative Unit investigated the accident with the support of the British Air Accidents Investigation Branch.
The preliminary Colombian report indicated that the plane was traveling overweight and with fuel at the limit, and that the pilots mistakenly decided not to make stopovers to refuel at the Alfredo Vásquez Cobo de Leticia or El Dorado of Bogotá airports.  In addition, they did not inform air control of the fuel shortage until the last moment.  They did not comply with the flight plan, which should not have been approved by the airport authorities.

The final report of Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, released on April 27, 2018, highlights that the LaMia company "did not comply with the minimum quantity of fuel requirements demanded in international standards, since it did not take into account the fuel required for fly to an alternate airport, the contingency airport, the reserve airport, or the minimum landing fuel"

Aircraft
Aircraft

The aircraft was an Avro RJ85, registration CP-2933, which made its first flight on March 26, 1999. After being in service with other airlines and going through a storage period between 2010 and 2013, it was acquired by LaMia. The company had a fleet of three RJ85s, but at the time of the accident, the CP-2933 was the only aircraft of the company that could fly.

In popular culture 
The United States cable TV network ESPN produced an hour long story about the crash for its E:60 news magazine TV show.  It focused on how one of the pilots was also a co-owner of the airline company and the effects on the survivors and on family members of the people killed in the accident.

The crash of LaMia Flight 2933 was covered in "Football Tragedy", a Season 19 (2019) episode of the internationally syndicated Canadian TV documentary series Air Crash Investigation.  The show premiered in the United States on the Smithsonian Channel's Air Disasters as "Soccer Tragedy" in November 2019.

Gallery

References
References

Aviation accidents and incidents in the 2010s
November 2016 events
2016 in South America
21st century in Colombia
Aviation accidents and incidents involving professional sports teams
This page is a list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft from 1919 to 1959.


1919
 July 21 - Wingfoot Air Express crash, a Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Type FD dirigible crashes in Chicago, Illinois after suffering an In-flight fire. Killing 13.
 August 2 – A Caproni Ca.48 crashes at Verona, Italy, during a flight from Venice to Taliedo, Milan, killing all on board (14, 15, or 17 people, according to different sources).

1922
 April 7 – In the first mid-air collision of airliners, a de Havilland DH.18A, G-EAWO, operated by Daimler Hire Ltd., collides with a Farman F.60 Goliath, F-GEAD, operated by Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens (CGEA), over the Thieulloy-St. Antoine road near Picardie, France, killing all seven people on both aircraft.
1923
 May 14 – An Air Union Farman F.60 Goliath crashes near Monsures, Somme, France, due to the structural failure of a wing, killing all 6 on board.
 August 27 – An Air Union Farman F.60 Goliath crashes near East Malling, Kent, England, due to engine failure, and confusion among the passengers, killing one of 13 on board.

1924
 December 24 – An Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crashes near Purley, Surrey, England due to unknown mechanical defect, killing all 8 on board.

1926
 August 18 – An Air Union Blériot 155 crashes while attempting an emergency landing at College Farm, Hurst, Aldington, England, due to engine failure, killing 3 of 15 on board; the pilot initially survives, but dies a day later.
 October 2 – An Air Union Blériot 155 catches fire in mid-air and crashes at Leigh, Kent, England, while the pilot attempts to make an emergency landing at Penshurst Airfield. Both members of crew and all five passengers are killed. This is the first in-flight fire occurring on an airliner.
1927
 August 22 – A KLM Fokker F. VIII crashes near Sevenoaks, Kent, England, due to structural failure of the tailfin, killing one of 11 on board.

1928
 July 13 – An Imperial Airways Vickers Vulcan crashes on a test flight from Croydon Airport, England, with a pilot and five passengers near Purley, Surrey,  from the airport, with the loss of four passengers. As a result of the crash Imperial Airways stopped the flying of staff (so-called joy rides) on test flights.

1929
 June 17 – An Imperial Airways Handley Page W.10 ditches in the English Channel due to engine failure, killing 7 of 13 on board.
 November 6 – A Junkers G 24 crashes near Marden Park, Godstone, Surrey, England; of the 8 on board, only 1 passenger survives.

1930
 February 10 – An Air Union Farman F.63 Goliath crashes while attempting an emergency landing at Marden Airfield, Marden, Kent, England, due to structural failure, killing 2 of 6 on board.
1931
 March 21 – Australian National Airways Southern Cloud, an Avro 618 Ten, crashes in the Snowy Mountains while flying from Sydney to Melbourne, killing all eight on board, in Australia's first significant airline disaster; the crash site remained undiscovered for 27 years; severe weather at the time of the flight is the likely cause of the accident.
 March 31 – TWA Flight 599, a Fokker F.10 Trimotor, crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, United States, killing all eight aboard, including University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne.
1933
 March 28 – The 1933 Imperial Airways Dixmude crash in Belgium of an Armstrong Whitworth Argosy II is the first suspected case of air sabotage; all 15 on board are killed.
 October 10 – The United Airlines crash near Chesterton: a Boeing 247 is destroyed by a bomb over Chesterton, Indiana, United States, in the first proven case of air sabotage on a commercial aircraft; all seven on board are killed.
 December 30 – In the 1933 Imperial Airways Ruysselede crash in Belgium, an Avro Ten collides with a radio mast, killing all 10 on board.

1934
 May 9 – An Air France Wibault 282T crashes into the English Channel off Dungeness, Kent, killing all 6 on board.
 July 27 – A Swissair Curtiss T-32 Condor II crashes near Tuttlingen, Germany, after a wing separated in a thunderstorm, killing all 12 passengers and crew on board.
 October 2 – A Hillman's Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide crashes into the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, due to pilot error, killing all 7 on board.
1935
 October 7 – United Airlines Trip 4, a Boeing 247D, crashes near Silver Crown, Wyoming, United States, due to pilot error; all 12 on board die.
 December 10 – A SABENA Savoia-Marchetti S.73 crashes crashes near Tatsfield, Surrey, England, due to pilot error, killing all 11 on board.
1936
 January 14 – American Airlines Flight 1, a Douglas DC-2, crashes into a swamp near Goodwin, Arkansas, killing all 17 passengers and crew on board; the cause is never determined.
 April 7 – TWA Flight 1, a Douglas DC-2, crashes near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, United States, due to pilot error, killing 12 of the 14 passengers and crew aboard.
 June 16 – In the Havørn Accident, a Norwegian Air Lines Junkers Ju 52 crashes into Lihesten mountain in Hyllestad, Norway, killing all seven on board.
 August 5 – Chicago and Southern Flight 4, a Lockheed Model 10 Electra, crashes after takeoff due to pilot error, killing all eight on board.
 December 9 – A KLM Douglas DC-2 crashes on takeoff from Croydon Airport, England; 15 of 17 on board die.
 December 27 – United Airlines Trip 34, a Boeing 247, crashes at Rice Canyon (near Newhall, California, United States) due to pilot error, killing all 12 on board.
1937
 January 12 – Western Air Express Flight 7, a Boeing 247, crashes into a mountain near Newhall, California, United States. Five of the 13 people aboard die, including famed adventurer, author and filmmaker, Martin Johnson.
 February 19 – An Australian National Airways Stinson Model A suffers controlled flight into terrain in Queensland, killing 4 of the 7 people on board.
 May 6 – The Zeppelin Hindenburg bursts into flames and crashes while attempting a landing at Naval Air Engineering Station, Lakehurst, New Jersey, United States; of the 97 people on board, 35 are killed; one person on the ground also dies.
 November 16 – A Sabena Junkers Ju 52 crashes near Ostend, Belgium, killing all 11 on board, including the Grand Duke Georg Donatus and Grand Duchess Cecilie of Hesse.
1938
 January 10 – Northwest Airlines Flight 2, a Lockheed L14H Super Electra, crashes near Bozeman, Montana, United States, killing all ten on board; the machine with which the manufacturer measured component vibration is found to be inaccurate, causing the aircraft to be more prone to flutter than thought.
 January 11 – Pan American World Airways Flight 1, a Sikorsky S-42 flying boat named the Samoan Clipper, explodes over Pago Pago, American Samoa; all 7 on board die.
 March 1 – The 1938 Yosemite TWA crash: A Douglas DC-2 disappears on a flight from San Francisco to Winslow, Arizona, United States; the aircraft is found three months later on a mountain in Yosemite National Park; all 9 on board died.
 July 28 – Pan American World Airways Flight 229, a Martin M-130 flying boat named the Hawaii Clipper, disappears in the Pacific Ocean westbound from Guam to Manila with 6 passengers and 9 crew.
October 25 – Kyeema, an Australian National Airways Douglas DC-2 crashes in heavy fog into Mount Dandenong in Victoria, Australia, killing all 18 people on board.
 November 4 – In the 1938 Jersey Airport disaster, a Jersey Airways de Havilland DH.86 crashes on takeoff from Jersey Airport due to pilot error; all 13 passengers and crew die as well as one person on the ground.
1939
 January 13 – Northwest Airlines Flight 1, a Lockheed L14H Super Electra, crashes on descent to Miles City, Montana, United States, killing all four on board; the aircraft's cross-feed fuel valve leaked fuel into the cockpit and an intense fire broke out.
 January 21 – Imperial Airways Short Empire flying boat Cavalier makes an emergency landing 285 mi southeast of New York in the North Atlantic due to loss of power and later sinks; 3 of 12 on board die.
 August 13 – A Pan Am Sikorsky S-43 crashes into Guanabara Bay, Brazil, due to loss of control following engine failure, killing 12 of 14 on board.
1940
 June 14 – In the Kaleva shootdown, an Aero Junkers Ju 52 en route from Tallinn, Estonia to Helsinki, Finland, is shot down by two Soviet bombers over the Gulf of Finland during peacetime; all nine aboard die.
 August 31 – In the Lovettsville air disaster, Pennsylvania Central Airlines Trip 19, a Douglas DC-3A, crashes at Lovettsville, Virginia, United States, killing all 25 on board.
 November 8 – A Deutsche Luft Hansa Junkers Ju 90 crashes near Schönteichen, Saxony, Germany, after ice formed on the tail, killing all 29 passengers and crew on board.

1941
 February 26 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 21, a Douglas DC-3, crashes while descending to land at Atlanta, Georgia, United States, killing 8 of 16 aboard; World War I hero and Eastern Air Lines president Eddie Rickenbacker is among the survivors.
1942
 January 16 – TWA Flight 3, a Douglas DC-3 returning to California crashes into Potosi Mountain  southwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; all 22 aboard die, including actress Carole Lombard and her mother.
 January 30 – Qantas Short Empire G-AEUH is shot down by seven Japanese fighters and crashes  from East Timor; 13 of 18 on board die.
 March 3 – KNILM Douglas DC-3 PK-AFV is shot down by three Japanese fighters and crashes  north of Broome, Western Australia, killing 4 of 12 on board.
 October 23 – American Airlines Flight 28, a Douglas DC-3, crashes near Palm Springs, California, United States, after being struck by a U.S. Army Air Corps Lockheed B-34 bomber; all 12 aboard the airliner die, while the bomber lands safely with minor damage.
1943
 January 21 – Pan Am Flight 1104, a Martin M-130 nicknamed the Philippine Clipper, crashes into a mountain near Boonville, California, United States, killing all 19 passengers and crew, including Rear-Admiral Robert H. English, commander of the U.S. Pacific Submarine Fleet.
 June 1 – BOAC Flight 777, a Douglas DC-3, is shot down by Luftwaffe fighter aircraft over the Bay of Biscay, killing 17 passengers and crew on board. 
 July 28 – American Airlines Flight 63 (Flagship Ohio), a Douglas DC-3, loses control due to severe turbulence and violent downdrafts and crashes near Trammel, Kentucky, United States, killing twenty out of twenty-two people on board.
 October 15 – American Airlines Flight 63 (Flagship Missouri), a DC-3, crashes near Centerville, Tennessee, United States, killing all eight passengers and three crewmembers, after ice formed on its wings and propellers.
1944
 February 10 – American Airlines Flight 2, a Douglas DC-3, crashes into the Mississippi River between Arkansas and Tennessee, United States, for reasons unknown, killing all 24 occupants (21 passengers and 3 crew members).
 June 20 – TWA Flight 277, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster, crashes into Fort Mountain, Maine, United States, in severe weather, killing all 7 passengers and crew on board.
1945
 January 8 – The China Clipper, a Pan Am Martin M-130 flying boat operating as Flight 161, crashes in Port of Spain, Trinidad, killing all 25 on board.
 January 31 – The Stinson Tokana operated by Australian National Airways crashes, killing all 10 on board. The accident was caused by a fatigue crack in a wing spar.
 July 12 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 45, a Douglas DC-3A, collides with a Douglas A-26 Invader over Florence, South Carolina, United States. One of the 24 on the DC-3 and 1 of the 2 on the A-26 die.
 October 5 – National Airlines Flight 16, a Lockheed L-18 Lodestar, overshoots the runway at Lakeland, Florida, United States, killing 2 of 15 on board.
 November 3 – The prototype Boeing 314, named the Honolulu Clipper, makes an emergency landing in the Pacific 650 miles east of Oahu due to double engine failure; the aircraft is intentionally sunk after salvage was deemed impractical; all 26 passengers on board survive.
1946
 January 6 – Pennsylvania Central Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-3, crashes in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, killing three of the four crew members; the flight attendant and all 16 passengers survive.
 March 10 – The 1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash near Hobart, Tasmania, kills all 25 on board.
 July 11 – TWA Flight 513, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation, crashes near Reading, Pennsylvania, United States, after a fire in the baggage compartment; of the six crew on board, only one survives.
 August 7 – British European Airways Flight 530, a Douglas C-47, crashes into Mistberget mountain near Eidsvoll, Norway; killing three of five crew; all 10 passengers survived.
 October 3 – An American Overseas Airlines Douglas C-54 crashes into mountainous terrain after takeoff from Stephenville, Newfoundland, killing all 39 passengers and crew on board.
November 14 – In the 1946 KLM Douglas DC-3 Amsterdam accident, a Douglas DC-3 crashes while attempting to land at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands; all 26 passengers and crew on board are killed.
 December 28 – TWA Flight 6963, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation, crashes near Shannon Airport due to an inaccurate altimeter caused by maintenance errors, killing nine of 23 on board.
1947
 January 11 – The 1947 BOAC Douglas C-47 crash: a BOAC Douglas C-47A crashes into Barley Hill near Stowting, Kent, United Kingdom, due to fuel starvation, killing 8 of 16 on board.
 January 25 – In the 1947 Croydon Dakota accident, a Spencer Airways Douglas C-47A fails to get airborne at Croydon Airport, United Kingdom, and crashes into a parked ČSA aircraft; 12 of the 22 on board are killed.
 January 26 – In the 1947 KLM Douglas DC-3 Copenhagen accident, a Douglas DC-3 crashes shortly after takeoff from Kastrup Airport in Denmark; all 22 passengers and crew on board are killed.
 February 15 – An Avianca Douglas DC-4 crashes into Mount El Tabalazo due to pilot error, killing all 53 passengers and crew on board.
 May 29 – United Airlines Flight 521, a Douglas DC-4, crashes on takeoff from LaGuardia Airport, New York, United States, due to pilot error; 42 of 48 on board die.
May 30 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 605, a Douglas DC-4, loses control and crashes near Bainbridge, Maryland, United States, killing all 53 passengers and crew on board in the deadliest airliner crash in United States history at the time.
 June 13 – Pennsylvania Central Airlines Flight 410, a Douglas DC-4, crashes into Lookout Rock, in the West Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains of the United States en route from Pittsburgh to Washington DC; all 50 passengers and crew are killed.
 June 19 - Pan Am Flight 121, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation, crashes in the Syrian desert, en route from Karachi to Istanbul, killing 14 of the 36 on board.
 August 2 – In the BSAA Star Dust accident, a British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian named Star Dust disappears over the Andes after transmitting an enigmatic coded message ("STENDEC"); the fate of the plane remained a mystery until the crash site was in 2000; four crew and nine passengers are killed.
August 28 – In the Kvitbjørn disaster, a Norwegian Air Lines Short Sandringham flying boat struck a mountain near Lødingsfjellet, Norway, killing all 35 on board.
 October 24 – United Airlines Flight 608, a Douglas DC-6, crashes near Bryce Canyon Airport, Utah, United States, when fire caused by a design flaw destroys the aircraft; all 52 on board die in the first hull loss of the DC-6.
 October 26 – Pan Am Flight 923, a Douglas DC-4, struck Tamgas Mountain on Annette Island, Alaska, killing all 18 passengers and crew on board; the cause is never determined.
 December 27 – In the 1947 Korangi Creek crash, an Air India Douglas DC-3 crashes shortly after takeoff, killing all 23 on board.
1948
 January 30 – The BSAA Star Tiger disappearance: an Avro Tudor IV disappears without a trace en route from the Azores to Bermuda with 31 on board. The loss of the aircraft along with the 1949 BSAA Star Ariel disappearance remain unsolved to this day, with the resulting speculation helping to develop the Bermuda Triangle legend.
 March 12 – Northwest Airlines Flight 4422, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster, crashes into Mount Sanford in the Alaska Territory, killing 30. Though the wreckage was initially found, it was inaccessible; it was later buried and not rediscovered until 1999.
 April 5 – In the 1948 Gatow air disaster, a British European Airways Vickers VC.1 Viking crashes near RAF Gatow, Berlin after a collision with a Soviet Air Force Yakovlev Yak-3 fighter; all 14 people on board the Viking die, as well as the Soviet pilot.
 April 15 – Pan Am Flight 1-10, a Lockheed Constellation, crashes while on approach to Shannon Airport, Ireland; of the 31 on board, only one survives.
April 21 – British European Airways Flight S200P, a Vickers VC.1 Viking, crashes into Irish Law Mountain in Scotland due to pilot error; all on board survive.
 June 17 – United Airlines Flight 624, a Douglas DC-6, crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, after errors in attempting to extinguish what was believed to have been an onboard fire; all 43 on board die.
 July 4 – The Northwood mid-air collision between a Scandinavian Airlines System-operated Douglas DC-6 and an RAF Avro York kills all 39 passengers and crew on board both aircraft.
 July 17 – Miss Macao, a Catalina seaplane operated by a Cathay Pacific subsidiary, over the Pearl River delta from Macau to Hong Kong, is hijacked with 23 passengers and three crew on board by a group attempting to rob the passengers; following a struggle in the cockpit, a crash kills all on board except one passenger, later identified as the lead hijacker; this is the earliest known airliner hijacking.
August 1 – In the 1948 Air France Latécoère 631 disappearance, a Latécoère 631 disappears over the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of all 52 people on board. This was the worst aviation accident in the Atlantic Ocean at the time and remains the worst ever involving the Latécoère 631.
 August 29 – Northwest Airlines Flight 421, a Martin 2-0-2, crashes near Winona, Minnesota, due to structural failure of a wing, killing all 37 on board in the worst ever accident involving the Martin 2-0-2. This crash is also the first loss of a 2-0-2.
 September 2 – The 1948 Lutana crash; Australian National Airways Flight 331, a Douglas DC-3, crashes into high terrain near Nundle, New South Wales, killing all 13 people on board.
 October 2 – In the Bukken Bruse disaster, a Det Norske Luftfartsselskap Short Sandringham flying boat, crashes upon landing in Trondheim, Norway; 19 are killed; Bertrand Russell is among the 24 survivors.
October 20 – In the 1948 KLM Constellation air disaster, a Lockheed Constellation named Nijmegen crashes near Prestwick, Scotland, killing 40.
 December 28 – In the 1948 Airborne Transport DC-3 (DST) disappearance, a Douglas DC-3 disappears without a trace off the coast of Florida with 32 on board.
1949
 January 17 – In the BSAA Star Ariel disappearance, a British South American Airways Avro Tudor IV disappears without a trace en route from Bermuda to Jamaica with 20 on board. The loss of the aircraft, along with the 1948 BSAA Star Tiger disappearance remain unsolved to this day, with the resulting speculation helping to develop the Bermuda Triangle legend.
 February 19 – A British European Airways Douglas Dakota collides with a RAF Avro Anson over Exhall, Warwickshire, killing all 14 on board both aircraft.
 March 10 – A Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crashes on takeoff from Coolangatta airstrip, killing all 21 on board.
 May 4 – In the Superga air disaster, an Italian Airlines Fiat G.212 CP carrying the Torino football team crashes into the Superga hills near Turin, killing all 31 on board.
June 7 – In the 1949 Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A crash, a Curtiss Wright C-46A-50 Modified D, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean shortly after takeoff from San Juan, Puerto Rico. Of the 81 passengers and crew on board, 53 are killed.
 July 2 – A MacRobertson Miller Airlines Douglas DC-3 crashes on takeoff from Perth, Western Australia, killing all 18 on board.
 July 12 – Standard Air Lines Flight 897R, a Curtiss C-46, crashes at Chatsworth, California, due to pilot error, killing 35 of 48 on board.
 August 19 – A British European Airways Douglas DC-3 crashes into a hillside near Oldham, United Kingdom; of the 32 on board, only 8 survive.
 September 9 – Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108, a Douglas DC-3, explodes over Cap Tourmente near Sault-au-Cochon, Quebec, due to a bomb planted by Albert Guay; all four crew members and 19 passengers on board are killed.