Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Importance 
Detritivores are important for recycling nutrients in the environment. Detritivores also play an important role in food webs. They eat dead things and turn them into nutrients for plants. Then, herbivores eat the plants and get energy from them. Carnivores eat the herbivores and get energy from them. This is how energy flows through a food web. They also help to keep the soil healthy and help to clean up dead things, so they don't spread disease.

Eating Habits 
Detritivores also have different ways of finding food. Some, like earthworms, use their sense of touch to find food in the soil. Others, like crabs, use their sense of smell to find food in the water.

Detritivores have different ways of eating dead things. Earthworms swallow the dead things whole. Others, like millipedes, have special mouthparts to chew the dead things. Some detritivores, like woodlice, can even eat cellulose, which is a tough part of plants.
Reference 
[1] Merriam-Webster (n.d.). Detritivore Definition & Meaning. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/detritivore

[2] BD Editors. (2019, March 27). Detritivore - Definition, Function and Examples | Biology Dictionary. Biology Dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/detritivore/

[3] Kanchwala, H. (2019, March 23). Detritivore: Definition, Function and Examples. Science ABC. https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/what-are-detritivores.html

[4] Detritivore | Definition, Role, & Examples. (n.d.). Tutors.com. https://tutors.com/lesson/detritivore-definition-examples

Animals by eating behaviors
Skid Row is a Hard rock band from Toms River, New Jersey. They were active from 1986 to 1996, then reunited in 1999.

Discography 

Skid Row have released 5 albums:

Other websites
 Skid Row's Official website

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
The carbon cycle is the way carbon is stored and replaced on Earth. Some of the main events take hundreds of millions of years, others happen annually.
 
The main ways that carbon gets into the carbon cycle are volcanoes, and the burning of fossil fuels like coal and gas. Through most of history, volcanoes were the biggest source of carbon to the carbon cycle, but in the last hundred years, people burning fossil fuels have been adding about a hundred times more CO2 to the air than volcanoes. That is, for every ton of CO2 added to the air by volcanoes, about 100 tons of CO2 have been added to the air by people through combustion.
The main way carbon gets taken out of the atmosphere is by photosynthesis by living organisms.  Some of this gets released as they die and decompose, but a proportion gets buried in sediment.  This is shown in the diagram. Sediment turns to rock, and it is the carbonate rocks like limestone which contain the now-solid CO2.  Some of the carbon from plants also becomes part of the soil, where it can stay for a long time before decomposing.

Another process takes CO2 out of the air. Weathering by rain washes out CO2 in the form of dilute carbonic acid. This reacts with rock, helping to dissolve and destroy it. This also ends up as sediment.
"Weathering is a large consumer of the atmospheric carbon dioxide essential for dissolving rocks".

Some CO2 is also dissolved in the ocean.  Right now, the oceans are taking in more CO2 than they are releasing, every year.  However, this is making the oceans more acidic.
The store of carbon in sedimentary rock is far greater than the CO2 in the atmosphere (this is not shown in the diagram). Eventually it returns to the air as oceanic plates subduct in plate tectonics. At the margins of plate boundaries (and some other places) volcanoes form and spew out CO2. This completes the cycle.
Summary 
The carbon cycle is a process where carbon is recycled through the ecosystem. The concentration of carbon in living matter (18%) is almost 100 times greater than its concentration in the earth (0.19%). So living things extract carbon from their nonliving environment. For life to continue, this carbon must be recycled. See the diagram for a detailed look at the carbon cycle. An example of a route carbon takes in this cycle is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants and used in photosynthesis to produce sugars which the plant uses for energy. When the plant dies, it decomposes and the carbon stored in the plant will, over millions of years, form into coal (a fossil fuel). The coal is burnt and gives off carbon dioxide which goes into the atmosphere.
At the moment, the carbon cycle, and how human activity is affecting it, is a big topic in international news. Fossil fuels are a non-renewable resource which means that they cannot be replaced easily. Our use of fossil fuels has nearly doubled every 20 years since 1900.  This release of carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect and acid rain.

The carbon cycle was discovered by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier, and popularized by Humphry Davy.

Related pages 
 Orbiting Carbon Observatory
 water cycle
 nitrogen cycle

References 

Geochemistry
Ecology
Carbon
Skepticism or scepticism (Greek skeptomai: to consider, to examine) refers to any view involving doubt.

An attitude of doubt about whether something exists.
A doubt about whether something can be known for certain.
A doubt about whether we are correct in arguing a certain way.
A practical method of suspended judgment, systematic doubt or criticism.

People who have skepticism as an attitude, opinion, or method are called skeptics or sceptics.

The roots of skepticism 
Skepticism is not just a belief that something is incorrect. It is a system of thought which acts against superstitions and rumours. Characteristic of skepticism is the attitude that any statement is judged on the evidence for or against its truth.  

Skepticism on philosophy has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy.
Skepticism comes from Asian philosophy, too. The Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi (c369–c286 BC) said that what seems real could be just a dream. In Indian philosophy, the Cārvāka school thought that we should neither try to infer knowledge nor trust what other people tell us. In Buddhism, Nāgārjuna said that nothing exists by itself, and that this idea is an important part of enlightenment.

The most important part of the argument is that unless we know something for certain, then we cannot know anything. The interest lies in the way great philosophers have tried to solve this problem. Some, like Descartes, retreat into the mind: "I think, therefore I am". Others, such as the British empiricists John Locke and David Hume, would rely on our sense perception. Certain kinds of knowledge may be especially vulnerable to skepticism. For example, an agnostic believes people cannot get knowledge about supernatural things.
Skepticism is widely used as a method for research in science, and (with changes) in modern legal procedure. Here doubt, suspending judgement, careful investigation, testing and discussion come before any statement of facts. Sometimes the process takes years before consensus is reached. This systematic approach is called methodological skepticism. It is probably the most important legacy of the skeptics.

Scepticism in Islam 
In Islamic philosophy, philosophical skepticism was started by Al-Ghazali, known in the West as "Algazel", as a part of the orthodox Ash'ari school of Islamic theology. It has been said that Rene Descartes' ideas in Discourse on the Method may have been influenced by Al-Ghazli.

References

Further reading
Klein P. 2002. “Skepticism” in The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology. P. Moser (ed) Oxford University Press. pp336–361

Resources
Resources

Literary skeptics 
 Ambrose Bierce: The Devil's Dictionary
 Ignacy Krasicki: Fables and Parables
 Bolesław Prus: Pharaoh
 Voltaire: Candide
 Montaigne: Essays

Organizations 
 Center for Inquiry
 Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
 The Skeptics Society
 James Randi Educational Foundation
 Rationalist International
 The New England Skeptical Society
 Australian Skeptics

Media 
 Penn & Teller: Bullshit!
 MythBusters

Other websites

 New York City Skeptics
 Skeptics Canada
 Sceptics in Russia (Manifesto)
 The Skeptic Friends Network
 British Skeptic magazine
 Australian Skeptics
 Skeptical about skeptics

 
Epistemology
The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789.  Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving. 

The Secretary of War led the War Department. At first, he was responsible for all military affairs. In 1798, the Secretary of the Navy was added to the cabinet, and the scope of this office was reduced to a general concern with the Army. In 1947, the departments were recombined under the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary of War was replaced by the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force, non-Cabinet positions under the Secretary of Defense.

Secretaries of War
Secretaries of War

War
1789 establishments in the United States
1947 disestablishments in the United States
The United States Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is the civilian head of the Department of the Navy. The position was a member of the President's Cabinet until 1947, when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were placed in the Department of Defense and the Secretary of the Navy was placed under the Secretary of Defense.

Secretaries of the Navy

Continental Congress

Cabinet

Secretaries of the Navy (Department of Defense)

References

Navy
The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin was appointed by the Continental Congress as the first Postmaster General, serving slightly longer than 15 months.

In 1971, the United States Post Office Department was re-organized into the United States Postal Service, a special agency independent of the executive branch. Thus, the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in line to be President.

Postmasters General under the Continental Congress

Postmasters General under the U.S. Constitution, 1789–1971

Cabinet-level Postmasters General

Postmasters general of the U.S. Postal Service, 1971–present

References
The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President. The CoS does things previously done by the President's private secretary. Jeff Zients became White House Chief of Staff in February 2023.

List of White House Chiefs of Staff 

|-style="text-align:center;"
|colspan=8|VacantApril 30, 1973 – May 4, 1973 ()

|-style="text-align:center;"
|colspan=8|VacantJanuary 20, 1977 – July 18, 1979 ()

Notes

 
1946 establishments in the United States
Edmund Jenings Randolph (August 10, 1753– September 12, 1813) was an American attorney, Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General.

1753 births
1812 deaths
United States Secretaries of State
United States Attorneys General
Governors of Virginia
Lawyers from Virginia
John Roy Steelman (June 23, 1900 - July 14, 1999) was the first Assistant to the President of the United States serving President Harry S. Truman from 1946 to 1953. The office later became the White House Chief of Staff.

1900 births
1999 deaths
White House Chiefs of Staff
Politicians from Arkansas
Republican Party (United States) politicians
James Addison Baker, III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney, politician, political administrator, and political adviser.

He served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush. Baker also served as Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the George H. W. Bush administration.

Namesake
James Baker is the namesake of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas.

References

1930 births
Living people
Lawyers from Houston
Military people from Texas
Politicians from Houston
Princeton University alumni
United States Secretaries of State
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Republican Party (United States) politicians
White House Chiefs of Staff
The National Library of China is one of the world's largest libraries found in Beijing, China.  It has a large collection of ancient Chinese documents and books, as well as contemporary literature.

References

Other websites 

National Library of China 

National libraries in Asia
Organizations based in the People's Republic of China
Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), more commonly known as Ronaldinho, or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a retired Brazilian footballer. Considered the best player in world football for several years, he is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time, as well as the greatest ever. He was known for his dribbling, passing, flair, skills, and ability to create and score goals, all prominent characteristics of his early-age background playing futsal. He is the only player ever to have won a World Cup, a Copa América, a Confederations Cup, a Champions League, a Copa Libertadores and a Ballon d'Or.
After scoring two solo goals in the first 2005–06 El Clásico, Ronaldinho became the second Barcelona player, after Diego Maradona in 1983, to receive a standing ovation from Real Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernabéu. In 2009, Ronaldinho was voted "World Player of the Decade 2000s", ahead of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. In Brazil, his admirers and supporters call him "O Bruxo" ("The Wizard").
After a successful club career at F.C. Barcelona, Ronaldinho was appointed ambassador of the club in September 2016.

Club career statistics

International career statistics 
Source:

|-
|1999||13||7
|-
|2000||5||1
|-
|2001||4||1
|-
|2002||10||4
|-
|2003||8||2
|-
|2004||10||6
|-
|2005||12||6
|-
|2006||9||0
|-
|2007||11||5
|-
|2008||2||0
|-
|2009||3||0
|-
|2010||1||0
|-
|2011||5||1
|-
|2012||1||0
|-
|2013||3||0
|-
!Total||97||33
|}

International goals 

 Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 Tactical Profile – Football-Lineups.com
 European Champions Cup/UEFA Champions League Winning Squads
  
 Ronaldinho profile at the official FC Barcelona website
 

1980 births
Brazilian footballers
Sportspeople from Porto Alegre
Living people
FIFA World Cup players
Ballon d'Or winners
FIFA World Player of the Year winners
FC Barcelona players
Les Ferdinand is a former football player. He has played for England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986-87||rowspan="2"|Queens Park Rangers||rowspan="2"|First Division||2||0
|-
|1987-88||1||0
|-
|1987-88||Brentford||Third Division||3||0

|-
|1988-89||Beşiktaş||Süper Lig||24||14
|-
|1989-90||rowspan="6"|Queens Park Rangers||rowspan="3"|First Division||9||2
|-
|1990-91||18||8
|-
|1991-92||23||10
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="3"|Premier League||37||20
|-
|1993-94||36||16
|-
|1994-95||37||24
|-
|1995-96||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||37||25
|-
|1996-97||31||16
|-
|1997-98||rowspan="6"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="6"|Premier League||21||5
|-
|1998-99||24||5
|-
|1999-00||9||2
|-
|2000-01||28||10
|-
|2001-02||25||9
|-
|2002-03||11||2
|-
|2002-03||West Ham United||Premier League||14||2
|-
|2003-04||Leicester City||Premier League||29||12
|-
|2004-05||Bolton Wanderers||Premier League||12||1
|-
|2004-05||Reading||League Championship||12||1
|-
|2005-06||Watford||League Championship||0||0
419||170
24||14
443||184
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||6||3
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||4||2
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
!Total||17||5
|}

References

1966 births
Living people
Footballers from London
Premier League players
Chris Sutton (born 10 March 1973) is an English former footballer. He has played for the English national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1990–91||rowspan="4"|Norwich City||rowspan="2"|First Division||2||0
|-
|1991–92||21||2
|-
|1992–93||rowspan="2"|Premier League||38||8
|-
|1993–94||41||25
|-
|1994–95||rowspan="5"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="5"|Premier League||40||15
|-
|1995–96||13||0
|-
|1996–97||25||11
|-
|1997–98||35||18
|-
|1998–99||17||3
|-
|1999–00||Chelsea||Premier League||28||1

|-
|2000–01||rowspan="6"|Celtic||rowspan="6"|Premier League||24||11
|-
|2001–02||18||4
|-
|2002–03||28||15
|-
|2003–04||25||1
|-
|2004–05||27||12
|-
|2005–06||8||3

|-
|2005–06||Birmingham City||Premier League||10||1
|-
|2006–07||Aston Villa||Premier League||8||1
278||85
130||64
408||149
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
People from Nottingham
Sportspeople from Nottinghamshire
Premier League players
Teddy Sheringham (born 2 April 1966) is an English professional footballer turned manager. He is best known as an association football player. He has played for England national team.

Career
In 2009, Sheringham was named to the English Football Hall of Fame.

Club career statistics

|-
|1983/84||rowspan="2"|Millwall||rowspan="2"|Third Division||7||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1
|-
|1984/85||0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1984/85||Aldershot||Fourth Division||5||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0

|-
|1985||Djurgården||Division 1||21||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||13
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="6"|Millwall||rowspan="3"|Second Division||18||4||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||4
|-
|1986/87||42||13||3||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||48||15
|-
|1987/88||43||22||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||48||22
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="2"|First Division||33||11||2||1||3||3||colspan="2"|-||38||15
|-
|1989/90||31||9||3||2||3||1||colspan="2"|-||37||12
|-
|1990/91||Second Division||46||33||3||2||3||2||colspan="2"|-||52||37
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Nottingham Forest||First Division||39||13||4||2||10||5||colspan="2"|-||53||20
|-
|1992/93||Premier League||3||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="5"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="5"|Premier League||38||21||5||4||4||3||colspan="2"|-||47||28
|-
|1993/94||19||13||0||0||2||2||colspan="2"|-||21||15
|-
|1994/95||42||18||6||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||50||23
|-
|1995/96||38||16||6||5||3||3||colspan="2"|-||47||24
|-
|1996/97||29||7||0||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||32||8
|-
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|Manchester United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||31||9||3||3||0||0||7||2||41||14
|-
|1998/99||17||2||4||1||1||1||4||1||26||5
|-
|1999/00||27||5||0||0||0||0||9||1||36||6
|-
|2000/01||29||15||2||1||0||0||11||5||42||21
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||34||10||2||1||6||2||colspan="2"|-||42||13
|-
|2002/03||36||12||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||38||13
|-
|2003/04||Portsmouth||Premier League||32||9||3||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||38||10
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|West Ham United||League Championship||33||20||2||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||36||21
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||6||4||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||7
|-
|2006/07||17||2||1||0||1||0||1||0||20||2
|-
|2007/08||Colchester United||League Championship||19||3||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||4
734||275||56||30||55||27||32||9||877||341
21||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||13
755||288||56||30||55||27||32||9||898||354
|}
International career statistics

|-
|1993||2||0
|-
|1994||3||0
|-
|1995||7||2
|-
|1996||9||3
|-
|1997||8||3
|-
|1998||8||1
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||4||2
|-
|2002||8||0
|-
!Total||51||11
|}

References

1966 births
Living people
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers from London
English football managers

People from the London Borough of Waltham Forest
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players 

Premier League players
Dwight Eversley Yorke CM (born 3 November 1971) is a retired Trinidadian football player. He has played for Trinidad and Tobago national team. He won the 1998–99 Premier League Golden Boot, along side Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Michael Owen. This made him the joint first foreign Golden Boot winner.

Career statistics

Club
Source:

International

International goals
Scores and results list Trinidad and Tobago's goal tally first.

Honours
Aston Villa
Football League Cup: 1995–96

Manchester United
Premier League: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01
FA Cup: 1998–99
UEFA Champions League: 1998–99
Intercontinental Cup: 1999

Sydney FC
A-League: 2005–06

Sunderland
Football League Championship: 2006–07

Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Cup: 1989

Individual
Premier League Player of the Month: February 1996, January 1999, March 2000
PFA Team of the Year: 1998–99 Premier League
Premier League Player of the Season: 1998–99
Premier League Golden Boot: 1998–99
Joe Marston Medal: 2005–06
Sydney FC Hall of Fame: 2015

References
References

Other websites

Sydney FC profile
Dwight Yorke Interview
Profile at Soca Warriors Online

1971 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago footballers
Association football midfielders
Association football forwards
Aston Villa F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Premier League players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
Uwe Seeler (;5 November 1936 – 21 July 2022) was a German football player. He played for Hamburger SV and West Germany national team.

Seeler died on 21 July 2022 in Norderstedt, Germany at the age of 85.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Hamburger SV
 German football championship: 1959–60
 DFB-Pokal: 1962–63

West Germany
 FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1966; third place: 1970

Individual
 Ballon d'Or third place: 1960
 Footballer of the Year (Germany): 1960, 1964, 1970
 FIFA XI (Reserve): 1963
 Bundesliga Top Scorer: 1964
 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1966
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1969–70
 FIFA 100
 Member of Germany's Sports Hall of Fame

Literature 
 Becker, Robert: Uwe Seeler und seine goldenen Tore. Copress, München 1991,  
 Seeler, Uwe: Danke, Fußball! – Mein Leben. Rowohlt-Verlag, Reinbek 2003,  (auch als Hörbuch auf 1 CD, Hörbuch Hamburg, Hamburg 2003, )

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1936 births
2022 deaths
Association football forwards
German footballers
Bundesliga players
1958 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
1966 FIFA World Cup players
1970 FIFA World Cup players
Herbert Chapman (19 January 1878 – 6 January 1934) was an English football player and manager.

References 

1878 births
1934 deaths
English footballers
English football managers
People from South Yorkshire
Jari Litmanen (born 20 February 1971) is a Finnish football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1987||rowspan="4"|Reipas Lahti||rowspan="4"|Veikkausliiga||9||0
|-
|1988||26||8
|-
|1989||25||6
|-
|1990||26||14
|-
|1991||HJK Helsinki||Veikkausliiga||27||16
|-
|1992||MyPa||Veikkausliiga||18||7

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Ajax||rowspan="7"|Eredivisie||12||1
|-
|1993/94||30||26
|-
|1994/95||27||17
|-
|1995/96||26||14
|-
|1996/97||16||6
|-
|1997/98||25||16
|-
|1998/99||23||11

|-
|1999/00||Barcelona||La Liga||21||3

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||5||1
|-
|2001/02||21||4

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Ajax||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||14||5
|-
|2003/04||6||0

|-
|2004||Lahti||Veikkausliiga||11||3

|-
|2004/05||Hansa Rostock||Bundesliga||13||1

|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Malmö FF||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||2||1
|-
|2006||8||2
|-
|2007||0||0

|-
|2007/08||Fulham||Premier League||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Lahti||rowspan="3"|Veikkausliiga||6||3
|-
|2009||13||2
|-
|2010||21||5
|-
|2011||HJK Helsinki||Veikkausliiga||18||1
200||65
179||96
21||3
26||5
13||1
10||3
449||173
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1989||2||0
|-
|1990||7||0
|-
|1991||7||1
|-
|1992||8||1
|-
|1993||8||1
|-
|1994||6||2
|-
|1995||4||2
|-
|1996||2||1
|-
|1997||7||4
|-
|1998||6||1
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||8||4
|-
|2001||6||2
|-
|2002||7||2
|-
|2003||3||1
|-
|2004||9||2
|-
|2005||5||1
|-
|2006||8||3
|-
|2007||4||0
|-
|2008||8||2
|-
|2009||11||1
|-
|2010||8||1
|-
!Total||137||32
|}

Honours

Club titles

MyPa
Finnish Cup: 1992

Ajax
Eredivisie: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98
KNVB Cup: 1992–93, 1997–98, 1998–99
Johan Cruijff Schaal: 1993, 1994, 1995
UEFA Champions League: 1994–95; Runners-up: 1995–96
European Super Cup: 1995
Intercontinental Cup: 1995

Liverpool
UEFA Cup: 2000–01
European Super Cup: 2001
FA Cup: 2000–01
Football League Cup: 2000–01
FA Community Shield: 2001
HJK
Finnish championship: 2011
Finnish Cup: 2011

Personal awards and achievements
Finnish Footballer of the Year: 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000
 Finnish Veikkausliiga Player of the Year: 1990
Dutch Footballer of the Year: 1993
Dutch league top scorer: 1993–94
European Footballer of the Year (Ballon d'Or), 8th place: 1994
European Footballer of the Year (Ballon d'Or), 3rd place: 1995
Finnish Sports Personality of the Year: 1995
 European Sports Media Team of the Year: 1994–95, 1995–96
UEFA Champions League Top Scorers: 1995–96
All-time cap leader of the Finnish national team
All-time top scorer of the Finnish national team
All-time European top scorer of AFC Ajax: 26 goals

References

1971 births
Living people
Finnish footballers
FC Barcelona players
Denis Compton (23 May 1918 in Hendon, Middlesex – 23 April 1997 in Windsor, Berkshire) was an English cricketer and football player. He played for Arsenal.

References

1918 births
1997 deaths
Arsenal F.C. players
Deaths from sepsis
Disease-related deaths in Berkshire
English cricketers
English footballers
Infectious disease deaths in England
Jan Mølby (born 4 July 1963) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team. Since retiring he has become the Head of the Greeters Guild.

Club career statistics

|-
|1981||rowspan="2"|Kolding||||27||0||||||||||||||27||0
|-
|1982||First Division||13||0||||||||||||||13||0

|-
|1982-83||rowspan="2"|Ajax||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||29||6||||||||||||||29||6
|-
|1983-84||28||5||||||||||||||28||5
|-
|1984-85||rowspan="11"|Liverpool||rowspan="8"|First Division||22||1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||colspan="2"|-||23||1
|-
|1985-86||39||14||8||3||5||2||colspan="2"|-||52||19
|-
|1986-87||34||7||3||0||7||5||colspan="2"|-||44||12
|-
|1987-88||7||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|1988-89||13||2||3||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||18||3
|-
|1989-90||17||1||colspan="2"|-||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|-
|1990-91||25||9||7||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||9
|-
|1991-92||26||3||6||1||3||0||5||1||40||5
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="3"|Premier League||10||3||colspan="2"|-||1||0||2||0||13||3
|-
|1993-94||11||2||colspan="2"|-||2||1||colspan="2"|-||13||3
|-
|1994-95||14||2||colspan="2"|-||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|1995-96||Barnsley||First Division||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|1995-96||Norwich City||First Division||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||1||colspan="2"|-||5||1
|-
|1995-96||rowspan="3"|Swansea City||Second Division||12||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||12||2
|-
|-
|1996-97||rowspan="2"|Third Division||28||6||colspan="2"|-||1||0||colspan="2"|-||29||6
|-
|1997-98||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
40||0||||||||||||||40||0
57||11||||||||||||||57||11
267||52||28||4||31||10||7||1||333||67
364||63||28||4||31||10||7||1||430||78
|}
International career statistics

|-
!Total||33||2
|}

References

1963 births
Living people
Danish footballers
Danish football managers
Denmark at UEFA Euro 1984
Tore André Flo is a former football player. He has played for Norway national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Sogndal||First Division||22||16||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||16
|-
|1994||Premier League||22||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||5
|-
|1995||Tromsø||Premier League||26||18||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||18
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Brann||rowspan="2"|Premier League||24||19||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||19
|-
|1997||16||9||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||9

|-
|1997-98||rowspan="4"|Chelsea||rowspan="4"|Premier League||34||11||1||0||4||2||5||2||44||15
|-
|1998-99||30||10||3||0||3||1||9||2||45||13
|-
|1999-00||34||10||6||1||1||0||16||8||57||19
|-
|2000-01||14||3||colspan="2"|-||1||0||2||0||17||3
|-
|2000-01||rowspan="3"|Rangers||rowspan="3"|Premier League||19||11||2||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||13
|-
|2001-02||30||18||3||2||2||1||7||1||42||22
|-
|2002-03||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0

|-
|2002-03||Sunderland||Premier League||29||4||2||0||1||2||colspan="2"|-||32||6

|-
|2003-04||rowspan="2"|Siena||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||8
|-
|2004-05||30||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||5

|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Vålerenga||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2006||16||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||4
|-
|2006-07||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||League Championship||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||1
|-
|2007-08||League One||22||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||3
134||71||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||134||71
191||42||13||1||10||5||32||12||246||60
68||34||5||4||3||1||7||1||83||40
63||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||63||13
456||160||18||5||13||6||39||13||526||184
|}

International career statistics 

|-
!Total||76||23
|}

References 

1973 births
Living people
Norwegian footballers
Norway at the 1998 FIFA World Cup
Norway at UEFA Euro 2000
Iván Zamorano (born 18 January 1967) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for Chile national team until 2001.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986||rowspan="3"|Cobresal||rowspan="3"|Primera División||3||0
|-
|1987||16||21
|-
|1988||10||14

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|St. Gallen||rowspan="3"|Super League||17||10
|-
|1989/90||33||23
|-
|1990/91||6||1

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Sevilla||rowspan="2"|La Liga||29||9
|-
|1991/92||30||12
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||34||25
|-
|1993/94||36||11
|-
|1994/95||38||28
|-
|1995/96||29||12

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="5"|Serie A||31||7
|-
|1997/98||13||1
|-
|1998/99||25||9
|-
|1999/00||30||7
|-
|2000/01||2||1

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|América ||rowspan="3"|Primera División||13||9
|-
|2001/02||32||17
|-
|2002/03||11||4

|-
|2003||Colo-Colo||Primera División||14||8
43||43
56||34
196||97
101||25
56||30
452||229
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1987||5||1
|-
|1988||5||0
|-
|1989||2||1
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1991||9||6
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||2||2
|-
|1995||1||1
|-
|1996||8||5
|-
|1997||5||9
|-
|1998||8||2
|-
|1999||8||3
|-
|2000||10||4
|-
|2001||5||0
|-
!Total||69||34
|}

References

1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Santiago
Mark Hopley (born 1 May 1984) is a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership. He was born in Crewe, Cheshire. He plays as a flanker.

Other websites 
Guinness Premiership profile

1984 births
Living people
English rugby union players
People from Crewe
Sportspeople from Cheshire
Formentera is the smallest of the 4 Balearic Islands with population.

Geography and population 
It is located south of Ibiza (about 10 kilometers), south-west of Mallorca (about 50 kilometers).
Its area is 83.24 km² (32.14 sq mi).
Formentera has about 7,500 inhabitants. 
The island was built by volcano eruptions.
It has two high areas in the east and the south and a falt area in between.
Main town is Sant Francesc Xavier.

History 

First people, who settled on Formentera, were the Carthaginians, later the Romans came there. Often the island lost its complete population, for example after the Vandals came there.
In the middle ages Arabs governed the balearic island, then Catalans took over the island, Formentera became part of the new kingdom of Mallorca.
Later that kingdom became a part of Spain.

Economy 

The island lives mainly on tourism. Most tourists are from Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy and France.
Even the other economic activities like fishing deal with tourism.

Other websites
Other websites 

 Town council website 
 The Official Tourism Portal of Formentera
 Local government website 

Balearic Islands
Municipalities in the Balearic Islands
Menorca (Spain, Catalan: Menorca) is the most east of the Balearic Islands.

Geography 

Menorca is located east of Mallorca. It has an area of . About 88,000 people live there. The main town is Mahón, which has about 27,000 people.

History 

Menorca was influenced by the Minoans. Later it was ruled by Carthage, and by Rome after the Punic Wars. From the 5th century AD there was a seat of a bishop on Menorca. The Vandals invaded but the Byzantine Empire recovered Menorca in 534. The Moors took over in 903. In 1287 the Christians took it back and enslaved the Muslims.

Later Menorca was ruled by the Kingdom of Mallorca. In 1334 it became part of Aragon, which later became part of Spain. In 1713 the British conquered Menorca but in 1781 the Spanish recovered it in the American Revolutionary War.

Economy 

Menorca lives mainly on tourism. There is one airport near the main city.

Other websites
Other websites 

 Menorca Facebook Page
 Pictures Photographs of Menorca 
 Island government of Minorca
 UNESCO's Minorca Biosphere Reserve 

Balearic Islands
Biosphere reserves
Sajid Iqbal Mahmood (born 21 December 1981 in Bolton, Greater Manchester) is an English cricketer of Pakistani Janjua Rajput descent. He is a right-arm fast bowler who plays international cricket for England and county cricket for Lancashire.

1981 births
Living people
English cricketers 
People from Bolton
Sportspeople from Greater Manchester
The Flag of Sri Lanka, also called the Lion Flag, consists of gold lion passant, holding a sword in its right fore paw, in front of a crimson background with four golden bo leaves in each corner. Around the background is a yellow border, and to its left are two vertical stripes of equal size in saffron and green, with the saffron stripe closest to the lion.

It became the flag in 1950 following the recommendations of a committee appointed by the 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka D.S. Senanayake.

Sri Lanka
Lions
In cryptography, RC4 (also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is one of the most common software stream ciphers. It is used in popular protocols like Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (to protect Internet traffic) and WEP (to secure wireless networks).

RC4 is known for being simple and quick, but attacks are likely to happen when the start of the output keystream is not removed, or one keystream is used twice; some ways of using RC4 can turn into very insecure cryptosystems such as WEP.

RC4 was created by Ron Rivest of RSA Security in 1987. While its official name is "Rivest Cipher 4", the RC abbreviation is also known to stand for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6).
RC4 was first created as a trade secret, but in September 1994 a description of it was posted to the Cypherpunks mailing list. It was soon posted on the sci.crypt newsgroup, and from there to many websites on the Internet.  The code was confirmed to be genuine(not fake) as its output matched that of proprietary software using licensed RC4.  Because the algorithm is known, it is no longer a trade secret. The name "RC4" is trademarked, however. RC4 is often referred to as "ARCFOUR" or "ARC4" (meaning Alleged RC4, because RSA has never officially released the algorithm), to avoid possible trademark problems. It has become part of some commonly used encryption protocols and standards, including WEP and WPA for wireless cards and TLS.

The two main reasons which helped its use over such a big range of applications are its speed and simplicity. Uses of RC4 in both software and hardware are extremely easy to develop.
The RC4 encryption algorithm is started with a different key length, usually between 40 and 256 bits, using the key-scheduling algorithm (KSA). Once this has been completed, the stream of encrypted bits is created using the pseudo-random generation algorithm (PRGA).

RC4 fails the standards set by cryptographers for a secure cipher in many ways, and is not recommended for use in new applications as there are a lot of methods of attacking RC4. Dropping the first kilobyte of data from the keystream can improve the security somewhat.

RC4-based cryptosystems
 WEP
 WPA
 BitTorrent protocol encryption
 Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
 Secure Sockets Layer (optionally)
 Secure Shell (optionally)
 Remote Desktop Client (RDC over RDP)
 Kerberos (optionally)
 SASL Mechanism Digest-MD5 (optionally)
 Gpcode.AK, an early June 2008 computer virus for Microsoft Windows, which takes documents hostage for ransom by obscuring them with RC4 and RSA-1024 encryption
Where a cryptosystem is marked with "(optionally)", RC4 is one of several ciphers the system can be set to use.

Related pages
 Advanced Encryption Standard
 Data Encryption Standard (DES)
 DES-X
 eSTREAM - An evaluation of new stream ciphers being conducted by the EU.
 TEA, Block TEA also known as eXtended TEA and Corrected Block TEA - A family of block ciphers that, like RC4, are designed to be very simple to implement.
 Triple DES (TDES)

References

Other websites
RC4
 IETF Draft - A Stream Cipher Encryption Algorithm "Arcfour"
 Original posting of RC4 algorithm to Cypherpunks mailing list
 SCAN's entry for RC4
 Attacks on RC4 
 RC4 - Cryptology Pointers by Helger Lipmaa 
 RSA Security Response to Weaknesses in Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4 
  T-SQL implementation

RC4 in WEP
 (in)Security of the WEP algorithm
 Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir attack on WEP (postscript format) 

Cryptography
General Electric is a big and multinational company based in the United States. It was created in 1892 by Thomas Edison through merging several companies that initially made electrical things. In the middle 20th century it became a major maker of turbojet engines and now makes many things. 

As of 2008, they are the third biggest company in the world. In May 2020, it sold its light bulb business.

References

American technology companies
Companies based in Boston
1892 establishments in the United States
In cryptography, Blowfish is a keyed, symmetric block cipher, made in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and since 1993 has been included(put together) in a large number of encryption products. Blowfish has a good encryption rate in software and until 2008 no cryptanalytic attack model of it has been found. However, the AES block cipher algorithm now has more attention.

Schneier made Blowfish as a general-purpose algorithm, to be used as a replacement for the old DES algorithm and to remove the problems and difficulties of other encryption algorithms. At the time Blowfish was released, many other algorithms were proprietary, or were secrets. Schneier has said that, "Blowfish is unpatented, and will remain so in all countries. The algorithm is hereby placed in the public domain, and can be freely used by anyone."
Main features of the design include key-dependent S-boxes and a very complex key schedule. Blowfish is one of the fastest block ciphers used by many people, except when changing keys. Each new key needs to be pre-processed which takes the same time as encrypting about 4 kilobytes of text, which is very slow compared to other block ciphers. This stops its use in certain applications (such as in the smallest embedded systems like the early smartcards), but it is not a problem in other applications. In one of the applications, it is actually good: the password-hashing method used in OpenBSD uses an algorithm that comes from Blowfish which makes use of the slow key schedule; the idea is that the extra computational effort required gives protection against dictionary attacks. See key strengthening.

Blowfish has a 64-bit block size and a variable key length from 0 up to 448 bits
It is a 16-round Feistel cipher and uses large key-dependent S-boxes. It is similar in structure to CAST-128, which uses fixed S-boxes.
In 1996, Serge Vaudenay found a known-plaintext attack needing 28r + 1 known plaintexts to break, where r is the number of rounds. Moreover, he also found a class of weak keys that can be detected and broken by the same attack with only 24r + 1 known plaintexts. This attack cannot be used against the regular Blowfish; it assumes knowledge of the key-dependent S-boxes. Vincent Rijmen, in his Ph.D. papers, introduced a second-order differential attack that can break four rounds and no more. Still there is no known way to break the full 16 rounds, apart from a brute-force search.
A sign extension bug in one of the published C code has been found in 1996.

There is no good cryptanalysis on the full-round version of Blowfish known publicly till 2008. However, in 2007, Bruce Schneier noted that while Blowfish is still in use, he recommended using the new Twofish algorithm instead
Related pages
 Advanced Encryption Standard
 eSTREAM - An evaluation of new stream ciphers being conducted by the EU.
 Twofish
 MacGuffin

Notes and references

 Vincent Rijmen, "Cryptanalysis and design of iterated block ciphers", doctoral dissertation, October 1997.
 Bruce Schneier, Description of a New Variable-Length Key, 64-bit Block Cipher (Blowfish). Fast Software Encryption 1993: 191-204 .
 Bruce Schneier, The Blowfish Encryption Algorithm—One Year Later,  Dr. Dobb's Journal,  20(9), p. 137, September 1995 .
 Serge Vaudenay, "On the weak keys of Blowfish," Fast Software Encryption (FSE'96), LNCS 1039, D. Gollmann, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 27–32.

Other websites 
 Official Blowfish website
 List of products using Blowfish
 SCAN's entry for Blowfish
 Blowfish PHP and JavaScript implementation with online demo
 Blowfish JavaScript implementation and Page Encryption
 Blowfish PHP implementation
 Blowfish Java implementation (LGPL) 

Cryptography
Sir Harry Pateshall Colebatch (29 March 1872 – 12 February 1953) was the 12th Premier of Western Australia from 17 April to 17 May 1919. He was from the Nationalist Party. He was Premier for the shortest time in Western Australian history. This was because he was a member of the upper house of Parliament and it was usual for the Premier to be from the lower house. When he could not find a position in the lower house he resigned.

References
 

1872 births
1953 deaths
Colebatch, Hal
People from Herefordshire
Nationalist Party of Australia politicians
Members of the Australian Senate
Sir Henry Bruce Lefroy (24 March 1854 – 19 March 1930) was the 11th Premier of Western Australia from 28 June 1917 to 17 April 1919. He was from the Nationalist Party. He became premier after the Australian Labor Party split over the issue of conscription. Labor politicians led by John Scaddan agreed to join the Nationalist Party if Lefory was the leader, not Frank Wilson. He found it diificult to keep control over a government formed by different political parties. When it was discovered that he had used his casting vote in a Cabinet meeting to keep the leadership, he was forced to resign. He lost his seat in the 1921 elections and retired back to his farm.

References
 

1854 births
1930 deaths
Lefroy, Henry
Politicians from Perth, Western Australia
Nationalist Party of Australia politicians
Commonwealth Liberal Party politicians
Chevvy Pennycook (born 6 April 1987 in Bristol, England) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a flanker.

Other websites 
Bristol Rugby profile 

1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bristol
English rugby union players
When the Labor Party split on conscription, Scaddan who supported it, joined the new National Labor Party. He later joined the Country Party. He was elected in and out of parliament over the next 15 years. He felt Western Australia was not treated fairly by the government of Australia, and was on a committee which looked at how Western Australia could become an independent country. He died suddenly from a Cerebral hemorrhage in 1934.

References
 

1876 births
1934 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Scaddan, John
Politicians from South Australia
Australian Labor Party politicians
People from Perth, Western Australia
Frank Wilson (12 May 1859 – 7 December 1918) was the 9th Premier of Western Australia from 16 September 1910 until 7 October 1911 and then again from 27 July 1916 until 28 June 1917. He was a member of the various conservative political parties which were formed in Western Australia, including the Liberal Party, the Liberal League, and the Ministerialist Party. He was defeated by the Australian Labor Party in the elections of October 1911. He was able to form a group of anti-labor members in 1916 and become premier a second time. He lost this support when the Country Party was able to form a National Party to support the war effort. He lost his seat in the parliament to the County Party by only four votes in October 1917. Seriously ill with cancer, he died a few months later.

References
 

1859 births
1918 deaths
Wilson, Frank
People from Sunderland
Sir Newton James Moore (17 May 1870 – 28 October 1936) was the 8th Premier of Western Australia from 7 May 1906 until 16 September 1910. He became the premier when Rason resigned. He resigned as premier in 1910 and moved to London to become agent-general for Western Australia. During World War I he joined the Australian Army as an officer. After the war he was elected to the British House of Commons, taking over former Australian Prime Minister Sir George Reid's seat. In his first speech to the parliament he said that women should be able to become members of parliament.

References
 

1870 births
1936 deaths
Newton, Moore
Independent politicians in Australia
People from Fremantle
Mathew Turner (born 18 January 1988 in Cape Town) is a South African rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as on the wing.

Other websites
Bristol Rugby profile 

1988 births
Living people
South African rugby union players
Sportspeople from Cape Town
Andrew Hill "Andy" Card Jr. (born May 10, 1947) is an American politician and lobbyist, former United States Cabinet member, and head of George W. Bush's White House Iraq Group. Card served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation under George H. W. Bush and the White House Chief of Staff under his son. He announced his resignation as Chief of Staff March 28, 2006, effective April 14, 2006.

References

1974 births
Living people
American lobbyists
Politicians from Massachusetts
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Republican Party (United States) politicians
White House Chiefs of Staff
People from Brockton, Massachusetts
Eton College, or just Eton, is a British independent school for boys between the ages of 1318. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI, as the King's College of Our Lady of Eton.  

Eton College is in Eton, near Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is north of Windsor Castle. The school is one of the original nine English "public schools" as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868. The school is a member of the Eton Group of independent schools in the United Kingdom. The current Headmaster is Simon Henderson. For every 8 pupils there is one teacher. 

Eton is a full boarding school. All pupils live at the school. It is one of four such remaining boys' public schools (the others being Winchester College, Harrow School, and Radley College). Eton has educated many British and foreign aristocrats. Prince William and his brother Prince Harry went there.
The list of graduates includes twenty former prime ministers, including David Cameron and Boris Johnson. The Good Schools Guide called the school "the number one boys' public school", adding "The teaching and facilities are second to none". The school is a member of the G20 Schools Group. It is registered as a charity.

References

Other websites
Eton College official website

1440 establishments
1440s establishments in England
Schools in England