Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ring theory is a theory from algebra. In algebra a ring is a structure where multiplication and addition are defined. Rings are similar structures to that of integers.

Abstract algebra
Muhi al-Din Muhammad (), better known as Aurangzeb () was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire. He ruled over the majority of South Asia and imposed Islamic Sharia law. His reign lasted for 49 years, from 1658 until he died in 1707. During this time, Aurangzeb greatly expanded the territory of the Mughal Empire with victories in South India. He was the last of the most powerful rulers of the Mughal dynasty. After his death, the power of the Mughal Empire declined quickly due to ineffective successors and the rise of the Maratha Empire.

His rule saw the spread of Islam in South Asia, and Islamic law was strictly imposed on subjects, which led to dissatisfaction among the non-Muslim population towards the Mughal rule. Aurangzeb is often considered the most controversial Mughal ruler in India, as his rule involved the imposition of a discriminatory jizya tax on non-Muslims and the demolition of many Hindu temples.
Trade & Commerce
His administration of the Mughal Empire led to its apex in terms of territory and wealth. Emperor Aurangzeb's exchequer raised a record £100 million in annual revenue through various sources like taxes, customs, and land revenue. He had annual yearly revenue of $450 million, more than ten times that of his contemporary {Louis XIV of France}. He was popular with traders as he abolished many local taxes levied by the previous rulers

Islamic Laws 
He reintroduced the practice of Jaziya, an additional tax on non-muslim subjects. He also banned the consumption of alcohol and singing in court. Under his rule, Islamic scholars compiled the Fatawa Alamgiri, which served as the Islamic law of India for several centuries.
Conflicts with the Rajputs & Sikhs
Aurangzeb had to deal with the Rajput rulers of Marwar, Mewar, and Jaipur states. Raja Jaswant Singh of Marwar, an ally of the Mughals, was deputed to the north-western frontier, where he died fighting the Afghan rebels in 1678. With no apparent successor to the throne of Marwar, it was occupied by Aurangzeb. Meanwhile, a son of Jaswant Singh, Ajit Singh, was born and claimed the throne, which Aurangzeb refused. This began a Rajput struggle against the Mughals until Aurangzeb's successor recognized Ajit Singh as the ruler of Marwar.

Guru Tegh Bahadur, who was the ninth Sikh guru, was executed in 1675 under the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi, India.
Destruction of Hindu Temples
Contemporary court chronicles mention that hundreds of Hindu temples were demolished by Aurangzeb or his chieftains upon his orders, including temples in Khandela, Jodhpur, Udaipur and Chittor.; and in September 1669, he ordered the destruction of one of the major Hindu temples, Kashi Vishvanath Temple at Varanasi.

References

Other websites 

 Aurangzeb, as he was according to Mughal Records

Indian Muslims
Islamic religious leaders
Mughal emperors
1618 births
1707 deaths
Indian generals
18th century in India
17th century in India
Wii Sports Club/Wii Sports 3 is a sports video game for the Wii U. It has high definition ports of the sports seen in the 2006 Wii video game Wii Sports which can be downloaded from the Wii U's eShop service. The first two sports, bowling and tennis, were released in Japan on October 30, 2013, in Europe and North America on November 7, 2013, and in Australia and New Zealand on November 8, 2013. Other sports will be released at a later date.

Like in Wii Sports, players use the Wii Remote to make movements like the ones seen in sports, including tennis, bowling, baseball, golf, and boxing. However, like in Wii Sports Resort, the player has to use the Wii MotionPlus to play the game. Players can join clubs that are of different places around the world. They can play against people in the club. Players can talk to other players with messages and drawings from the Wii U GamePad. The game is really nice because of that.

References

Other websites

2013 video games
Wii U games
Judgment Day (2001) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on May 20, 2001 at the ARCO Arena in Sacramento, California. It was the third Judgment Day event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Judgment Day 2001 website

2001 in professional wrestling
History of Sacramento, California
WWE Judgment Day
2001 in California
May events
The arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Argelès-Gazost.

History
When the arrondissements were created in 1800, Argelès-Gazost was one of them in the Hautes-Pyrénées department.

In 1926, the arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost was eliminated but, in 1942, it was made again an arrondissement.

Geography
It is the smallest of the arrondissements of the department with an area of , and a population 39,130 inhabitants; its population density is of  inhabitants/km².

The arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Tarbes, to the  east by the arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre, to the south by Spain and to west by the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department (Nouvelle-Aquitaine region).

Composition
Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

The three cantons found in the arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost have all their communes in the arrondissement:

 Lourdes-1  (6505) - 11 communes + part of Lourdes;
 Lourdes-2 (6506) - 27 communes + part of Lourdes); and
 La Vallée des Gaves (6516) - 48 communes.

Communes
The arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost has 87 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Adast (65001)
 Adé (65002)
 Agos-Vidalos (65004)
 Les Angles (65011)
 Arbéost (65018)
 Arcizac-ez-Angles (65020)
 Arcizans-Avant (65021)
 Arcizans-Dessus (65022)
 Argelès-Gazost (65025)
 Arras-en-Lavedan (65029)
 Arrayou-Lahitte (65247)
 Arrens-Marsous (65032)
 Arrodets-ez-Angles (65033)
 Artalens-Souin (65036)
 Artigues (65038)
 Aspin-en-Lavedan (65040)
 Aucun (65045)
 Ayros-Arbouix (65055)
 Ayzac-Ost (65056)
 Barèges (65481)
 Barlest (65065)
 Bartrès (65070)
 Beaucens (65077)
 Berbérust-Lias (65082)
 Betpouey (65089)
 Boô-Silhen (65098)
 Bourréac (65107)
 Bun (65112)
 Cauterets (65138)
 Cheust (65144)
 Chèze (65145)
 Escoubès-Pouts (65164)
 Esquièze-Sère (65168)
 Estaing (65169)
 Esterre (65173)
 Ferrières (65176)
 Gaillagos (65182)
 Gavarnie-Gèdre (65192)
 Gazost (65191)
 Ger (65197)
 Germs-sur-l'Oussouet (65200)
 Geu (65201)
 Gez (65202)
 Gez-ez-Angles (65203)
 Grust (65210)
 Jarret (65233)
 Julos (65236)
 Juncalas (65237)
 Lau-Balagnas (65267)
 Lézignan (65271)
 Loubajac (65280)
 Lourdes (65286)
Lourdes (65286)
 Lugagnan (65291)
 Luz-Saint-Sauveur (65295)
 Omex (65334)
 Ossen (65343)
 Ossun-ez-Angles (65345)
 Ourdis-Cotdoussan (65348)
 Ourdon (65349)
 Ousté (65351)
 Ouzous (65352)
 Paréac (65355)
 Peyrouse (65360)
 Pierrefitte-Nestalas (65362)
 Poueyferré (65366)
 Préchac (65371)
 Saint-Créac (65386)
 Saint-Pastous (65393)
 Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre (65395)
 Saint-Savin (65396)
 Saligos (65399)
 Salles (65400)
 Sassis (65411)
 Sazos (65413)
 Ségus (65415)
 Sère-en-Lavedan (65420)
 Sère-Lanso (65421)
 Sers (65424)
 Sireix (65428)
 Soulom (65435)
 Uz (65458)
 Viella (65463)
 Vier-Bordes (65467)
 Viey (65469)
 Viger (65470)
 Villelongue (65473)
 Viscos (65478)
There are only 4 communes with more of 1,000 inhabitants in the arrondissement; they are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
 Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

References

Argelès-Gazost
In the study of ethics and morality, selfishness is usually considered bad. In contrast, acts of selflessness are praised. Wider debate about it, however, such as in philosophy, psychology and economics, has shown that scholars have had many different opinions about its value and consequences. In most major religions, selfishness is considered an immoral or bad habit. In Christianity, it is associated with pride, often considered the worst of the Seven deadly sins. Aristotle condemned men who would only try to profit themselves; but he approved of those who would try to gain the praise from others that he deserved.

In the context of modern-day economics, there is a much wider opinion. Bernard Mandeville has argued that the economic advancement of society depends on selfish actions. Ayn Rand argued that selfishness is a virtue and the cause of all progress.

References

Other websites
What is Selfish?

Narcissism
Ethics
Judgment Day (2000) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on May 20, 2000 at the Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. It was the second Judgment Day event held by the WWF and the first annual.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Judgment Day 2000 website

2000 in professional wrestling
Louisville, Kentucky
WWE Judgment Day
2000 in the United States
History of Kentucky
The arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées département in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Bagnères-de-Bigorre.

History
When the arrondissements were created in 1800, Bagnères-de-Bigorre was one of them in the Hautes-Pyrénées department.

Geography
It is the largest of the arrondissements of the department, with an area of , but the second in population with 46,384 inhabitants; its population density is of  inhabitants/km².

The arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Tarbes, to the  east by the Haute-Garonne department, to the south by Spain and to west by the arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre, there is only 1 canton with all its communes in the arrondissement, the canton of Neste, Aure et Louron with 62 communes. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:

Communes
The arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre has 171 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Adervielle-Pouchergues (65003)
 Ancizan (65006)
 Anères (65009)
 Anla (65012)
 Antichan (65014)
 Antist (65016)
 Aragnouet (65017)
 Ardengost (65023)
 Argelès-Bagnères (65024)
 Arné (65028)
 Arreau (65031)
 Arrodets (65034)
 Artiguemy (65037)
 Aspin-Aure (65039)
 Asque (65041)
 Asté (65042)
 Astugue (65043)
 Aulon (65046)
 Avajan (65050)
 Aventignan (65051)
 Aveux (65053)
 Avezac-Prat-Lahitte (65054)
 Azet (65058)
 Bagnères-de-Bigorre (65059)
 Banios (65060)
 Bareilles (65064)
 Barrancoueu (65066)
 La Barthe-de-Neste (65069)
 Batsère (65071)
 Bazus-Aure (65075)
 Bazus-Neste (65076)
 Beaudéan (65078)
 Benqué-Molère (65081)
 Bertren (65087)
 Bettes (65091)
 Beyrède-Jumet (65092)
 Bize (65093)
 Bizous (65094)
 Bonnemazon (65096)
 Bonrepos (65097)
 Bordères-Louron (65099)
 Bourg-de-Bigorre (65105)
 Bourisp (65106)
 Bramevaque (65109)
 Bulan (65111)
 Cadéac (65116)
 Cadeilhan-Trachère (65117)
 Camous (65122)
 Campan (65123)
 Camparan (65124)
 Campistrous (65125)
 Cantaous (65482)
 Capvern (65127)
Capvern (65127)
 Castelbajac (65128)
 Castillon (65135)
 Cazarilh (65139)
 Cazaux-Debat (65140)
 Cazaux-Fréchet-Anéran-Camors (65141)
 Chelle-Spou (65143)
 Cieutat (65147)
 Clarens (65150)
 Créchets (65154)
 Ens (65157)
 Esbareich (65158)
 Escala (65159)
 Esconnets (65162)
 Escots (65163)
 Esparros (65165)
 Espèche (65166)
 Espieilh (65167)
 Estarvielle (65171)
 Estensan (65172)
 Ferrère (65175)
 Fréchendets (65179)
 Fréchet-Aure (65180)
 Galan (65183)
 Galez (65184)
 Gaudent (65186)
 Gazave (65190)
 Gembrie (65193)
 Générest (65194)
 Génos (65195)
 Gerde (65198)
 Germ (65199)
 Gouaux (65205)
 Gourgue (65207)
 Grailhen (65208)
 Grézian (65209)
 Guchan (65211)
 Guchen (65212)
 Hauban (65216)
 Hautaget (65217)
 Hèches (65218)
 Hiis (65221)
 Houeydets (65224)
 Ilhet (65228)
 Ilheu (65229)
 Izaourt (65230)
 Izaux (65231)
 Jézeau (65234)
 Labassère (65238)
 Labastide (65239)
 Laborde (65241)
 Lagrange (65245)
 Lançon (65255)
 Lannemezan (65258)
 Libaros (65274)
 Lies (65275)
 Lombrès (65277)
 Lomné (65278)
Lomné (65278)
 Lortet (65279)
 Loudenvielle (65282)
 Loudervielle (65283)
 Loures-Barousse (65287)
 Lutilhous (65294)
 Marsas (65300)
 Mauléon-Barousse (65305)
 Mauvezin (65306)
 Mazères-de-Neste (65307)
 Mazouau (65309)
 Mérilheu (65310)
 Mont (65317)
 Montastruc (65318)
 Montégut (65319)
 Montgaillard (65320)
 Montoussé (65322)
 Montsérié (65323)
 Nestier (65327)
 Neuilh (65328)
 Nistos (65329)
 Ordizan (65335)
 Orignac (65338)
 Ourde (65347)
 Pailhac (65354)
 Péré (65356)
 Pinas (65363)
 Pouzac (65370)
 Recurt (65376)
 Réjaumont (65377)
 Ris (65379)
 Sabarros (65381)
 Sacoué (65382)
 Sailhan (65384)
 Saint-Arroman (65385)
 Sainte-Marie (65391)
 Saint-Lary-Soulan (65388)
 Saint-Laurent-de-Neste (65389)
 Saint-Paul (65394)
 Saléchan (65398)
 Samuran (65402)
 Sarlabous (65405)
 Sarp (65407)
 Sarrancolin (65408)
 Seich (65416)
 Sentous (65419)
 Siradan (65427)
 Sost (65431)
 Tajan (65437)
 Thèbe (65441)
 Tibiran-Jaunac (65444)
 Tilhouse (65445)
 Tournous-Devant (65449)
 Tramezaïgues (65450)
 Trébons (65451)
Trébons (65451)
 Troubat (65453)
 Tuzaguet (65455)
 Uglas (65456)
 Uzer (65459)
 Vielle-Aure (65465)
 Vielle-Louron (65466)
 Vignec (65471)
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
 Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

References

Bagneres-de-Bigorre
The arrondissement of Tarbes is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region. Its capital, and of the department, is the city of Tarbes.

History
When the Hautes-Pyrénées department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Tarbes was part of that original department and was made the capital (préfecture) of it.

Geography
It is the most northern of the arrondissements of the department, with an area of , the second in area of the department. It is the most populated arrondissement with 143,753 inhabitants and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The arrondissement of Tarbes is bordered to the north by the Gers department, to the  east by the Haute-Garonne department, to the south arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre, to the southwest by the arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost and to west by the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.

Composition
Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements. In the arrondissement of Tarbes, there are 10 cantons with all its communes in the arrondissement. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:

Communes
The arrondissement of Tarbes has 212 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Allier (65005)
 Andrest (65007)
 Angos (65010)
 Ansost (65013)
 Antin (65015)
 Arcizac-Adour (65019)
 Aries-Espénan (65026)
 Artagnan (65035)
 Aubarède (65044)
 Aureilhan (65047)
 Aurensan (65048)
 Auriébat (65049)
 Averan (65052)
 Azereix (65057)
 Barbachen (65061)
 Barbazan-Debat (65062)
 Barbazan-Dessus (65063)
 Barry (65067)
 Barthe (65068)
 Bazet (65072)
 Bazillac (65073)
 Bazordan (65074)
 Bégole (65079)
 Bénac (65080)
 Bernac-Debat (65083)
 Bernac-Dessus (65084)
 Bernadets-Debat (65085)
 Bernadets-Dessus (65086)
 Betbèze (65088)
 Betpouy (65090)
 Bonnefont (65095)
 Bordères-sur-l'Échez (65100)
 Bordes (65101)
 Bouilh-Devant (65102)
 Bouilh-Péreuilh (65103)
 Boulin (65104)
 Bours (65108)
 Bugard (65110)
 Burg (65113)
 Buzon (65114)
 Cabanac (65115)
 Caharet (65118)
 Caixon (65119)
 Calavanté (65120)
 Camalès (65121)
 Campuzan (65126)
 Castelnau-Magnoac (65129)
 Castelnau-Rivière-Basse (65130)
 Castelvieilh (65131)
 Castéra-Lanusse (65132)
 Castéra-Lou (65133)
 Casterets (65134)
 Caubous (65136)
Caubous (65136)
 Caussade-Rivière (65137)
 Chelle-Debat (65142)
 Chis (65146)
 Cizos (65148)
 Clarac (65149)
 Collongues (65151)
 Coussan (65153)
 Devèze (65155)
 Dours (65156)
 Escaunets (65160)
 Escondeaux (65161)
 Estampures (65170)
 Estirac (65174)
 Fontrailles (65177)
 Fréchède (65178)
 Fréchou-Fréchet (65181)
 Gardères (65185)
 Gaussan (65187)
 Gayan (65189)
 Gensac (65196)
 Gonez (65204)
 Goudon (65206)
 Guizerix (65213)
 Hachan (65214)
 Hagedet (65215)
 Hères (65219)
 Hibarette (65220)
 Hitte (65222)
 Horgues (65223)
 Hourc (65225)
 Ibos (65226)
 Jacque (65232)
 Juillan (65235)
 Labatut-Rivière (65240)
 Lacassagne (65242)
 Lafitole (65243)
 Lagarde (65244)
 Lahitte-Toupière (65248)
 Lalanne (65249)
 Lalanne-Trie (65250)
 Laloubère (65251)
 Lamarque-Pontacq (65252)
 Lamarque-Rustaing (65253)
 Laméac (65254)
 Lanespède (65256)
 Lanne (65257)
 Lansac (65259)
 Lapeyre (65260)
 Laran (65261)
 Larreule (65262)
 Larroque (65263)
 Lascazères (65264)
 Laslades (65265)
 Lassales (65266)
 Layrisse (65268)
Layrisse (65268)
 Lescurry (65269)
 Lespouey (65270)
 Lhez (65272)
 Liac (65273)
 Lizos (65276)
 Loucrup (65281)
 Louey (65284)
 Louit (65285)
 Lubret-Saint-Luc (65288)
 Luby-Betmont (65289)
 Luc (65290)
 Luquet (65292)
 Lustar (65293)
 Madiran (65296)
 Mansan (65297)
 Marquerie (65298)
 Marsac (65299)
 Marseillan (65301)
 Mascaras (65303)
 Maubourguet (65304)
 Mazerolles (65308)
 Mingot (65311)
 Momères (65313)
 Montfaucon (65314)
 Monléon-Magnoac (65315)
 Monlong (65316)
 Montignac (65321)
 Moulédous (65324)
 Moumoulous (65325)
 Mun (65326)
 Nouilhan (65330)
 Odos (65331)
 Oléac-Debat (65332)
 Oléac-Dessus (65333)
 Organ (65336)
 Orieux (65337)
 Orincles (65339)
 Orleix (65340)
 Oroix (65341)
 Osmets (65342)
 Ossun (65344)
 Oueilloux (65346)
 Oursbelille (65350)
 Ozon (65353)
 Peyraube (65357)
 Peyret-Saint-André (65358)
 Peyriguère (65359)
 Peyrun (65361)
 Pintac (65364)
 Poumarous (65367)
 Pouy (65368)
 Pouyastruc (65369)
 Pujo (65372)
 Puntous (65373)
 Puydarrieux (65374)
 Rabastens-de-Bigorre (65375)
Ricaud (65378)
 Sabalos (65380)
 Sadournin (65383)
 Saint-Lanne (65387)
 Saint-Lézer (65390)
 Saint-Martin (65392)
 Saint-Sever-de-Rustan (65397)
 Salles-Adour (65401)
 Sanous (65403)
 Sariac-Magnoac (65404)
 Sarniguet (65406)
 Sarriac-Bigorre (65409)
 Sarrouilles (65410)
 Sauveterre (65412)
 Ségalas (65414)
 Séméac (65417)
 Sénac (65418)
 Sère-Rustaing (65423)
 Séron (65422)
 Siarrouy (65425)
 Sinzos (65426)
 Sombrun (65429)
 Soréac (65430)
 Soublecause (65432)
 Soues (65433)
 Souyeaux (65436)
 Talazac (65438)
 Tarasteix (65439)
 Tarbes (65440)
 Thermes-Magnoac (65442)
 Thuy (65443)
 Tostat (65446)
 Tournay (65447)
 Tournous-Darré (65448)
 Trie-sur-Baïse (65452)
 Trouley-Labarthe (65454)
 Ugnouas (65457)
 Vic-en-Bigorre (65460)
 Vidou (65461)
 Vidouze (65462)
 Vielle-Adour (65464)
 Vieuzos (65468)
 Villefranque (65472)
 Villembits (65474)
 Villemur (65475)
 Villenave-près-Béarn (65476)
 Villenave-près-Marsac (65477)
 Visker (65479)
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
 Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

References

Tarbes
The Kingdom of Mercia was an important monarchy in the English Midlands from the 6th century to the 10th. From the mid-7th century until it ceased to exist as a kingdom, Mercia was the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Some of its rulers were the first to claim titles such as King of the English and King of Britain. Mercia was one of the seven kingdoms of the Heptarchy. This is a later name given to the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England during the early Middle Ages. Besides Mercia it included Northumbria, Wessex, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, and Sussex.
The first dynasty of Mercian kings are called the Iclingas. The name comes from Icel who ruled the Mercians . Members of this dynasty claimed to be descendants the royal family of their homeland in Western Europe. Mercia became a dominant force under Penda from about  until his death in 655. Bretwalda, his son, was the first Mercian overlord of the southern English. Offa (757–796), was the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings who might rightly be called "king of the English". Mercia was never again as powerful as it was during Offa's reign. For their successors in England see List of English monarchs.

Monarchs of Mercia

Iclingas
Iclingas 

 Icel (late 5th century–early 6th century) - Son of Eomer, King of the Angles.
 Cnebba - Son of Icel
 Cynewald - Son of Cnebba
 Creoda (–) - Son of Cynewald.
 Pybba (–) - Son of Creoda.
 Cearl (–) - Listed by Bede
 Penda (–655) - Son of Pybba.
 Eowa (–642) - Co-ruled with Penda, son of Pybba.
 Peada (655–655) - Son of Penda.
 Oswiu of Northumbria (ruled Mercia 655–658) - King of Northumbria, took control of Mercia.
 Wulfhere (658–675) - Son of Penda.
 Aethelred - Son of Penda.
 Coenred (704–709) - Son of Wulfhere.
 Ceolred (709–716) - Son of Aethelred.
 Ceolwald of Mercia (716) - Probable son of Aethelred, may have ruled briefly.
 Aethelbald (716–757) - Grandson of Eowa.
 Beornred of Mercia (757) - No known connection to Iclingas dynasty.
 Offa (757–796) - Great-great-grandson of Eowa.
 Ecgfrith (796) - Son of Offa.
 Coenwulf (796–821) - A descendant of Pybba.
 Ceolwulf I of Mercia (821–823) - Brother of Coenwulf.

Other dynasties
Other dynasties 

When the Iclingas line died out in the male line, members of other noble Mercian families competed for the throne. The 'B' dynasty is for kings Beornwulf, Berhtwulf and Burgred. The 'W' dynasty is for king Wiglaf. Others have no dynasty they are connected with.

 Beornwulf (823–826) - "B" dynasty.
 Ludeca (826–827) - Unknown or no dynasty connections.
 Wiglaf of Mercia (1st reign) (827–829) - "W" dynasty.
 Egbert of Wessex (829–830) - King of Wessex who took control of Mercia. 
 Wiglaf of Mercia (restored to the throne) (830–839) - "W" dynasty.
 Wigmund (–) - "W" dynasty, son of Wiglaf. 
 Wigstan (840) - "W" dynasty, son of Wigmund.
 Aelfflaed of Mercia (840) - Daughter of Ceolwulf I, wife of Wigmund. Regent for her son Wigstan.
 Beorhtwulf (840–852) - "B" dynasty.
 Burgred (852–874) - "B" dynasty.
 Ceolwulf (874–) - Unknown dynasty.

Client rulers under Wessex
After being defeated by Alfred the Great, the king of Wessex, the rulers were no longer considered kings and queens but rather ealdormen. The title of the female rulers was "Lady of the Mercians." They were styled Kings and Queens in Mercia only.

 Aethelred, Lord of the Mercians (–911) - Unknown dynasty. 
 Ethelflaeda, Lady of the Mercians (911–918) - Daughter of King Alfred of Wessex, wife of Aethelred.
 Aelfwynn, Lady of the Mercians (918) - Daughter of Ethelflaeda and Aethelred. Removed from her position by her uncle Edward the Elder, King of Wessex.

Rulers in name only 

After Mercia became an annex of Wessex (Mercia was no longer a kingdom), 'King of Mercia' became a title only.

 Athelstan (924) - Son of King Edward the Elder he became the first King of England.
 Edgar of England (957–959) - Nephew of Edward the Elder he succeeded as King of England.

Image gallery

Notes

References 

Lists of British monarchs
The Division of Hume is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first Federal election in 1901. It was named after Hamilton Hume, one of the first Europeans to travel through the area.

Location
The Division is in the central part of the state, north of the Australian Capital Territory. The Division covers a predominantly rural area, with agriculture and coal mining the main industries. It includes Bargo, Binalong, Boorowa, Bundanoon, Buxton, Caragabal, Colo Vale, Cootamundra, Cowra, Crookwell, Gooloogong, Goulburn, Grenfell, Gundaroo, Gunning, Harden/Murrumburrah, High Range, Hill Top, Joadja, Jugiong, Marulan, Murrumbateman, Oakdale, Picton, Quandialla, Stockinbingal, Sutton, Tahmoor, Tarago, The Oaks, Thirlmere, Wallendbeen, Wilton, Yass and Young.

Members

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Hume - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Extreme Rules (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on May 19, 2013 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the fifth Extreme Rules event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Extreme Rules 2013 website

2013 in professional wrestling
Sports in St. Louis, Missouri
WWE Extreme Rules
2013 in the United States
2010s in St. Louis, Missouri
East Pakistan central peace committee (, ) was one of several committees formed in 1971 by the administration of the Pakistan Army. It was created to help stop the rebellion in the former East Pakistan region (what is now Bangladesh). The rebels wanted independence for East Pakistan.

The committee was commonly known as the Peace Committee or Shanti Committee after Shanti Bahini.

History of Bangladesh
History of Pakistan
Bangladesh Liberation War
1971 establishments in Asia
1970s establishments in Pakistan
USS Ronald Reagan is a nuclear-powered naval ship in the service of the United States Navy. The ninth ship of her class, she is named in honor of former President Ronald Reagan, President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Upon her christening in 2001, she was the first ship to be named for a former president still living at the time.

As of May 2012 the ship is operationally part of Carrier Strike Group Nine and administratively under the command of Commander, Naval Air Forces Pacific/Commander, Naval Air Forces. The two administrative titles actually refer to one command carrying out two functions.

Unlike most of the other men honored by inclusion in this group, Reagan was not associated with the United States Navy, apart from his term as Commander-in-Chief, though one of his key initiatives in office was the 600-ship Navy program.
Ronald did not attend the christening of the USS Ronald Reagan because of his ill health from Alzheimer's disease. His wife, Nancy Reagan, christened the naval ship along with then-President of the United States George W. Bush.

The naval ship was on a voyage when Reagan died on June 5, 2004.

References

Other websites

 The official Ronald Reagan web site 
 U.S. Navy story archive for USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76) 
 USS Ronald Reagan history at U.S. Carriers
 US Navy Aircraft Carrier Page 

Things named after Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan (CVN-76)
Extreme Rules (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on April 29, 2012 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the fourth Extreme Rules event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Extreme Rules 2012 website

2012 in professional wrestling
WWE Extreme Rules
2012 in American television
2012 in Illinois
Manfred Rommel, Hon. CBE (24 December 1928 – 7 November 2013) was a German politician. He belonged to the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was Lord Mayor of Stuttgart from 1974 until 1996. He was the only son of Erwin Rommel and his wife Lucia Maria Mollin.

Rommel was born on 24 December 1928 in Stuttgart, Weimar Republic, Germany. He was married to Liselotte Rommel from 1954 until his death in 2013. They had a daughter, Cathrine Rommel. Rommel died on 7 November 2013 from Parkinson's disease in Stuttgart, Germany. He was 84 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 WAS MACHT EIGENTLICH...: Manfred Rommel

1928 births
2013 deaths
German lawyers
German mayors
Politicians from Stuttgart
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Amparo Rivelles, (real name: María Amparo Rivelles Ladrón de Guevara) (11 February 1925 – 7 November 2013) was a Spanish actress.

Rivelles was born on 11 February 1925 in Madrid, Spain.

In the beginning of her career, she was known as Amparito Rivelles.

She worked in Cinema of Mexico and in telenovelas. Grandchildren of theatre couple  Jaime Rivelles and Amparo Guillén, Rivelles was the sister of famous Carlos Larrañaga actor, and aunt of Luis Merlo, Amparo Larrañaga and Pedro Larrañaga.

Rivelles died on 7 November 2013 in Madrid, Spain from unknown causes, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2013 deaths
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Spanish stage actors
Actors from Madrid
The Virginia Plan was a proposal made by Virginia delegates at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. James Madison drafted the plan for a government with 3 subdivisions, or branches that would be equal in power. It also proposed states with large populations have more representatives. States with small populations would have fewer representatives. The plan called for a congress with new powers to tax and make laws. It also proposed a president and a supreme court. Ultimately, this created a strong central government separated into three branches. The resolutions went well beyond making minor changes to the Articles of Confederation. It succeeded in expanding the debate to include basic changes to the structure and powers of the national government. The plan was made by James Madison in 1789
Later on, the Virginia plan was modified and accepted as the United States Constitution. 

American Revolutionary War
1787 in the United States
United States Constitution
18th century in Virginia
Brian William Pillman, Sr. (May 22, 1962 – October 5, 1997) was an American professional wrestler and football player. He is known for competing in World Championship Wrestling, Extreme Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation in the 1990s.

He was well known as "The Loose Cannon", which was a gimmick that would see him do worked shoots that would gain him infamy for his unpredictable character.

Before becoming a professional wrestler, Pillman played football in the NFL for the Cincinnati Bengals and in the CFL for the Calgary Stampeders.

Pillman was found dead by police in his Bloomington, Minnesota hotel room on October 5, 1997 from a previously undetected heart condition called arteriosclerotic heart disease. That same night, Pillman was supposed to face Dude Love on the WWF pay-per-view Badd Blood: In Your House.
Championships
Jim Crockett Promotions / World Championship Wrestling
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Tom Zenk)
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with "Stunning" Steve Austin)
WCW Light Heavyweight Championship (two times)
WCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with "Stunning" Steve Austin)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #84 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" by PWI in 2003.
Stampede Wrestling
Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Bruce Hart)
Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
5 Star Match (1991) with Sting, Rick Steiner, and Scott Steiner vs. Ric Flair, Larry Zbyszko, Barry Windham, and Sid Vicious (February 24, WarGames match, WrestleWar)
Feud of the Year (1997) with Bret Hart, Owen Hart, Jim Neidhart, and Davey Boy Smith vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin
Most Underrated (1994)
Rookie of the Year (1987)
Tag Team of the Year (1993) with Steve Austin as The Hollywood Blonds
References

Other websites
WWE profile

1962 births
1997 deaths
American football linebackers
American professional wrestlers
Calgary Stampeders players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Ohio
In video games, third-person means the game shows the playable character on screen, allowing the camera to freely move around them. This view is most common in action and action-adventure games.

Related pages 
 Third-person shooter

Video game design
Lythronax is an extinct genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur. It lived about 80 million years ago (mya) in what is now southern Utah. L. argestes is the oldest known tyrannosaurid based on its stratigraphic position.

Comparisons to its close relatives suggest that Lythronax would have been about  long, with a weight of around  and had a large skull filled with sharp teeth. 

The rostrum is comparatively short: it makes up less than two thirds of the total skull length. The whole skull is very broad, 0.4 times as wide as long. Overall, the skull is similar to that of Tyrannosaurus and Tarbosaurus. Its robust jaws have two sizes of teeth: its first five teeth are much larger than the other six. Behind the skull, the rest of the skeleton is similar to that of other tyrannosaurids.

References

Cretaceous dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of North America
Tyrannosaurids
The Hudson Institute is an American conservative non-profit think tank based in Washington D.C.  It was founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by futurist, military strategist, and systems theorist Herman Kahn and his colleagues at the RAND Corporation.

The Institute is committed to innovative research and analysis that promotes ‘global security, prosperity and freedom’. It promotes public policy change in accordance with its stated values: 
"commitment to free markets and individual responsibility, confidence in the power of technology to assist progress, respect for the importance of culture and religion in human affairs, and determination to preserve America's national security".

The Capital Research Center, gives Hudson a 7 on its ideological spectrum (8 is "Free Market Right" and 1 is "Radical Left").

In March 2011, Kenneth R. Weinstein was appointed president and CEO of the institute replacing Herbert London.

References
References

Non-profit organizations of Washington, D.C.
Think tanks based in the United States
1961 establishments in the United States
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit global policy think tank first formed to offer research and analysis to the United States Armed Forces. The RAND was started in 1946 inside the Douglas Aircraft Company. It was set up as an independent corporation in 1948. The name was taken from R&D (research and development), though in fact it did no development.

Past 
Since the 1950s, RAND research has helped form United States policy decisions on many issues: the space race, the U.S.-Soviet nuclear arms confrontation, the creation of the Great Society social welfare programs, the digital revolution, and national health care. It was best known for the doctrine of nuclear deterrence by mutually assured destruction (MAD), based upon their work with game theory. Chief strategist Herman Kahn discussed the idea of a "winnable" nuclear exchange in his 1960 book On Thermonuclear War. This led to Kahn being one of the models for "Dr Strangelove" in Dr. Strangelove. In the movie, RAND is spoofed as the "BLAND Corporation".
Present 
The RAND is now financed by the U.S. government and private endowment, corporations, the healthcare industry, universities, and private individuals. 

The organization now works with other governments, private foundations, international organizations, and commercial organizations on a host of non-defence issues. RAND techniques were based on operations research (O.R.) which started in World War II. O.R. is the interdisciplinary application of scientific thinking to problem-solving. It relies mostly on the hard sciences like physics and mathematics, and economics. However, some famous biologists and social scientists have worked with RAND at times, and the importance of social ideas and thinking is more important than ever today.
RAND has about 1,700 employees and three principal North American locations: Santa Monica, California (headquarters); Arlington, Virginia; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The RAND Gulf States Policy Institute has offices in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Jackson, Mississippi. RAND Europe is located in Cambridge, England, and Brussels, Belgium. The RAND-Qatar Policy Institute is in Doha, Qatar. RAND's newest office is in Boston, Massachusetts.

RAND is also home to the Pardee RAND School, which is the world's largest Ph.D.-granting program in policy analysis. Unlike many other universities, all PARDEE RAND Graduate School students receive fellowships in order to cover their education costs. RAND also offers a number of internship and fellowship programs allowing students and outsiders to assist in conducting research for RAND projects. Most of these projects are short-term and are worked on independently with the mentoring of a RAND staff members.
RAND publishes the RAND Journal of Economics, a peer-reviewed journal of economics.

To date, 32 winners of a Nobel Prize, mainly in economics and physics, have been  associated with the RAND at some point in their career.

References 

Non-profit organizations of California
Santa Monica, California
Think tanks based in the United States
1948 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in California
Siouxsie Sioux (born Susan Janet Ballion, 27 May 1957), is an English singer-songwriter. She is best known as the lead singer of rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees (1976–1996). They released 11 studio albums in their career and two UK top ten singles, "Hong Kong Garden" and "Dear Prudence". 

In 1981, Sioux and drummer Budgie made a side-project called The Creatures. They released four studio albums and broke up in 2005. In 1994 she released a single with Morrissey called "Interlude". That year she also sang on a Hector Zazou song called "The Lighthouse". In 2004 she started performing on her own as Siouxsie. Her first solo album, Mantaray, was released in 2007. In June 2013 she performed for the first time in five years at the Royal Festival Hall in London. 

She plays guitar, piano, bass, and percussion.  Her voice is in the coloratura contralto range.
Personal life
In 1991 Sioux married Budgie, the Banshees' drummer. She said in an interview with The Sunday Times in 2007 that they had divorced. She lives in France.

References

Weblink
 Siouxsie.com

Living people
1957 births
English singer-songwriters
New wave singers
The Brookings Institution is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. in the United States. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, mainly in economics, policy, government, foreign policy, and global economy and development. In the University of Pennsylvania’s 2012 Global go-to think tanks report, Brookings is ranked the most influential think tank in the world.

Its mission is:
 "to provide innovative and practical recommendations that advance three broad goals: strengthen American democracy; foster the economic and social welfare, security and opportunity of all Americans; and secure a more open, safe, prosperous, and cooperative international system".
Brookings states that its scholars "represent diverse points of view" and describes itself as non-partisan. The media describe Brookings as "liberal-centrist" or "centrist". An analysis of Congressional records from 1993 to 2002 found that Brookings was referenced by conservative politicians almost as often as liberal politicians. It got a score of 53 on a 1-100 scale with 100 the most liberal score. The same study found Brookings to be the most frequently cited think tank by the U.S. media and  politicians.

References 

Think tanks based in the United States
Non-profit organizations of Washington, D.C.
1910s establishments in Washington, D.C.
1916 establishments in the United States
Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English musician. He is best known for being the lead singer of The Cure. He has been the only constant member in the band's 37-year history. They have released 13 studio albums and 10 EPs. Their biggest UK hit so far is "Lullaby", which reached number 5. Their biggest US hit is "Lovesong". In 1983, he released an album called Blue Sunshine with Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias' John Scott under the name The Glove. He has worked with other bands like Crystal Castles. He has also sung songs on his own for movie soundtracks.

Personal life 
Smith can play guitar, bass guitar, double bass, keyboard, violin, flute and trumpet. He has a tenor vocal range. He is married to Mary Poole, who he met at the age of 14 in a drama class.
Smith was born in Blackpool, Lancashire. In 1959, his family moved to Trafford, Manchester. In 1963, they moved to Salford, Manchester. He was raised Catholic but later became an atheist. His first band, The Crawley Goat Band, was at the age of 14. In 1976, Smith was a member of a punk rock band called Malice. Smith then formed a band with members of Malice called Easy Cure. In 1978 they became The Cure. In 1979 they released their first album, Three Imaginary Boys. It got good reviews. In 1999, Smith was going to end The Cure but Ross Robinson persuaded him not to.

Awards and recognitions 
Tim Burton gave Smith the Shockwaves NME Godlike Genius Award in 2006.
There have been lots of references to Smith in pop culture. In 2004 in episode 11 of series 2 of The Mighty Boosh Vince Noir says to Howard Moon that he can spend the evening with two goth girls if he dresses like a goth. Vince gives Howard a can of "Goth Juice: the most powerful hairspray known to man, made from the tears of Robert Smith". Lush made a hair gel inspired by this called Goth Juice that says 'made from the tears of Robert Smith' on the pot, but they don't make it anymore. 

Smith appeared in the twelfth episode of season 1 of South Park, "Mecha-Streisand" in 1998. At the time the episode brought South Park their biggest number of viewers for an episode to date.

References

1956 births
Living people
English rock musicians
English rock singers
Musicians from Manchester
New wave singers
People from Salford
The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (RUSI)  is a British defence and security think tank. 

It was founded in 1831 by the Duke of Wellington. RUSI describes itself as "the leading forum in the UK for national and international Defence and Security". It won Prospect Magazine's Think Tank of the Year Award 2008. In 2009, the same magazine named RUSI "Foreign Policy Think Tank of the Year". In 2011 RUSI celebrated its 180th Anniversary.
	
RUSI's Director is Michael Clarke and its President is HRH the Duke of Kent.

References

Think tanks based in the United Kingdom
1831 establishments in Europe
1830s establishments in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in London
Zazen (literally "seated meditation"; ; ) is a form of meditation in Zen Buddhism. It can calm the body and the mind.

Buddhist terminology
Meditation
Sarah Fimm is a singer-songwriter from Oklahoma. She lives in Woodstock, New York. She has released six albums. Her first album, Cocooned, was released in 2001.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Oklahoma
The Guennol Lioness is a 5,000-year-old Mesopotamian statue found near Baghdad, Iraq. It shows the form of a muscular anthropomorphic lioness-woman.

The sculpture sold for $57.2 million at Sotheby's auction house on December 5, 2007. The sculpture was on loan to the Brooklyn Museum of Art until it was purchased at auction by an English collector.

The limestone sculpture is just over 8 cm (3.25 in) tall. It was described by Sotheby's as "one of the last known masterworks from the dawn of civilization remaining in private hands". One day before the auction, experts had been estimating that the highest bid would be between $14 million and $18 million.
At the time of its 2007 sale, the price paid at auction for the Guennol Lioness was the highest paid for a sculpture to that date. It easily exceeded the record of Pablo Picasso's Tete de femme (Dora Maar). On 3 February 2010, however, the second edition of the cast of the sculpture L'Homme qui marche I (Walking Man I) by Alberto Giacometti sold for £65,001,250 ($104,327,006) and overtook the Guennol Lioness as the most expensive sculpture ever sold at auction.

This lioness-woman sculpture is an Elamite figure believed to have been created about 3000–2800 B.C. Its historical significance is that it was made about the same time as the first known use of the wheel, the development of cuneiform writing, and the emergence of the first cities.
Many ancient Near East deities were represented as anthropomorphic figures. Such images evoked the Mesopotamian belief in attaining power over the physical world by combining the superior physical attributes of various species. It is possible that the nearby Sumerians borrowed this powerful artistic hybrid from the Proto-Elamites. The lioness was the frequent subject of veneration among cultures familiar with the well-coordinated hunting of female lions.

References 

Sculptures
Mesopotamia
3rd millennium BC works
Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985), known by her stage name Lana Del Rey, is an American singer and songwriter from New York. She has released nine albums and four EPs since 2008.

Early life
Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (Lana Del Rey) was born on June 21, 1985, in Manhattan, New York City. 

Del Rey was raised Catholic. She sang in her Church choir when she was young. She was the cantor. When she was fourteen, she was sent to Kent School, a boarding school in Connecticut, to deal with her alcoholism. When she was 19, she moved to the Bronx to study metaphysics at Fordham University.

Career
Lana Del Rey made many demos before signing to a record label. This includes a demo album called Sirens in 2006.
Del Rey released her first EP, Kill Kill, in 2008. She used the name Lizzy Grant. Two years later, she released her first album, titled Lana Del Ray, under an indie label called 5 Points Records. This is the only album where "Rey" was spelled as "Ray" in her name. However, the album was deleted three months after.
She released her first single as Lana Del Rey, "Video Games", in August 2011. It reached number one in the singles charts in six countries. Her second album Born to Die was released in January 2012. It reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart. Born to Die was re-released in November 2012 as Born to Die: The Paradise Edition. It had eight new songs. The new songs were also available as a separate EP called Paradise. The EP was nominated for Best Pop Vocal album at the Grammys. In 2013, she made a song called "Young and Beautiful" for The Great Gatsby soundtrack. It was nominated for the "Best Song Written for Visual Media" Grammy. Del Rey made a short movie called Tropico and released it in December 2013. It has songs from her Paradise EP in it. Her third album, Ultraviolence, was released in 2014.
Her fourth album, Honeymoon, was released in 2015. Her fifth album, Lust for Life, was released in 2017. Lust for Life was her first album to also have other artists sing on it. It included duets with The Weeknd, ASAP Rocky, Playboi Carti, Stevie Nicks, and Sean Ono Lennon. 

Her sixth album, Norman Fucking Rockwell!, was released in 2019. The album was well-received by critics. In 2020, she released a poetry book called Violet Bent Backwards over the Grass and a spoken word album to go along with it. Her seventh album, Chemtrails Over the Country Club, was released in March 2021. Then her eighth album, Blue Banisters, was released in October of the same year. 

On March 2023, Lana Del Rey released her ninth album, Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd.
Discography 
Albums:
 Lana Del Ray (2010)
 Born to Die (2012)
 Ultraviolence (2014)
 Honeymoon (2015)
 Lust for Life (2017)
 Norman Fucking Rockwell! (2019)
 Chemtrails over the Country Club (2021)
Blue Banisters (2021)
Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd (2023)
EPs:
 Kill Kill (2008)
 Lana Del Rey (2012)
 Paradise (2012)
 Tropico (2013)

Tours 

 Born to Die Tour (2011–12)
 Paradise Tour (2013–14)
 The Endless Summer Tour (2015)
 LA to the Moon Tour (2018)
 The Norman Fucking Rockwell! Tour (2019)
 2023 tour

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

Living people
1985 births
American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Brit Award winners
American poets
21st-century American singers
American pop singers
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
American feminist writers
American folk singers
American record producers
American rock guitarists
Interscope Records artists
Singers from New York City