Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Protest march and massacre 
On 3 September, the ANC sent a memorandum to President F. W. de Klerk: it demanded that he replace Gqozo with a temporary administration which would permit free democratic activity in Ciskei. De Klerk refused, on the grounds that the Ciskei did not fall under South Africa's jurisdiction.  At the time, negotiations had broken down, with the ANC withdrawing following the Boipatong massacre and accusing De Klerk's government of fostering the violence.

As a result, the ANC began a campaign of "mass action", organising a protest march to occupy Bisho and force Gqozo's resignation. Gqozo sought a court ruling to prevent the march, and the magistrate ruled that it could take place at the homeland's independence stadium, outside Bisho, but could not enter the capital. The ANC refused to recognise the jurisdiction of the Ciskei court.
On 7 September, about 80,000 protesters gathered outside Bisho, signalling the wide opposition to Gqozo's rule. The meeting was led by senior ANC leaders including South African Communist Party Secretary General Chris Hani, Cyril Ramaphosa, Steve Tshwete and Ronnie Kasrils.
A razor wire was erected on the border between South Africa and Ciskei to prevent the marchers from entering Bisho. When Kasrils led a group trying to break through the Ciskei Defence Force lines to enter Bisho, Ciskei Defence Force soldiers opened fire on the marchers with automatic weapons, killing 28 marchers and one soldier, and injuring over 200. More than 425 rounds were fired, the first fusillade lasting one and a half minutes, and the second lasting a minute.
Various inquiries agreed that the order to fire came from Colonel Vakele Archibald Mkosana, who incorrectly told his commanders by radio that his troops were under fire, and was given permission to return fire. Rifleman Mzamile Thomas Gonya was also found to have opened fire with a grenade launcher, killing one marcher.

Goldstone Commission 
The Goldstone Commission had  the task of  investigating the massacre, and Justice Richard Goldstone condemned Gqozo for preventing political activity in Ciskei as well as for the lethal brutality of the Ciskei Defence Force troops. It dismissed his claim that the demonstrators had fired first. A Ciskei soldier who died during the shooting had been shot by a fellow soldier, in error. It recommended strong action against Gqozo and those responsible. It also condemned Ronnie Kasrils for leading marchers breaking through the razor wire and provoking the forces into opening fire.
Aftermath 
On 8 September 1992, a day after the massacre, the ANC released a statement demanding that Oupa Gqozo be removed as the leader of Ciskei, Section 43 of the Ciskei National Security Act which prevented political activity in Ciskei be revoked and South African Military Intelligence officials be removed from Ciskei.
In the end, the massacre led to new negotiations between the ANC and the government. Nelson Mandela met De Klerk on 26 September and signed a Record of Understanding. This Record created  an independent body to oversee police operations. 

Gqozo remained in power in Ciskei but resigned shortly before the elections of 27 April 1994.
A granite monument was erected on the site of the massacre, outside Independence Stadium, off Maitland Road between Bhisho and King William's Town. It was unveiled by Archbishop Desmond Tutu in 1997. The victims were buried in Ginsberg township outside King William's Town.
Each year during the month of September, the Bisho Massacre Memorial Lecture is held to commemorate the massacre and different leaders from around South Africa take part in it.

Truth Commission hearing and prosecution 
Only two applications for amnesty for the massacre were received by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, from Colonel Mkosana, who gave the order to open fire, and Rifleman Gonya, who fired a grenade launcher. Gqozo agreed to testify before the TRC, but failed to appear after being admitted to a psychiatric hospital suffering from depression.

In 2000, both Mkosana and Gonya were denied amnesty on the grounds that their actions were reckless and disproportionate and not associated with a political motive.
Following their failure to receive amnesty, Mkosana and Gonya were charged with one count of murder and Mkosana with 28 counts of culpable homicide. They were found not guilty on all charges on the grounds of self-defence.

Speaking at a Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearing on the massacre,Col Silence Pita, revealed that Gqozo had received a message which said that the Mkhonto Wesizwe was planning coup and would take us where we didn't want to be " but the source of the information had not been made clear in the report. Pita said security arrangements for an African National Congress march on September 7, 1992 were left to the Ciskei Defence Force.
Former Ciskei foreign affairs minister Mickey Webb testified that South Africa's intelligence services caused a confrontation between Ciskei government and the ANC. He claimed that South African Military Intelligence and Ciskei's own intelligence agency fed the Ciskei government with misinformation "which could only have ended up in confrontation between the authorities and the ANC".

References 

Apartheid-related violence
Pages with unreviewed translations
1990s in South Africa
The Heidelberg Tavern massacre occurred in Observatory, Cape Town on 30 December 1993. Three people associated with the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) entered the tavern and shot at the crowd. They killed four students and the owner of a restaurant which was close. The owner had gone outside to investigate, because he had heard gunshots.  An unexploded bomb (with nails strapped to it) was found in the restaurant, close to the main entrance.
Massacre 
During the years of apartheid, Observatory was one of the few de facto "grey" suburbs where all races lived together. On the evening of 30 December 1993, three men entered a popular student venue on Station Road, called the Heidelberg Tavern and opened fire, killing four people and injuring five. The three APLA operatives - Humphrey Luyanda Gqomfa, Vuyisile Brian Madasi and Zola Prince Mabala - were convicted in November 1994 for what became known as the Heidelberg Massacre. On 16 July 1998, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission granted the three amnesty.

References

 
Attacks on bars
Mass murder in 1993
Apartheid-related violence
1990s in South Africa
Scrotifera is a group of living things in the class Mammalia. It is a proposed clade, meaning that not all scientists use it when they talk about how living things are related to each other.

The orders Carnivora (carnivores), Chiroptera (bats), Perissodactyla (hoofed animals with odd numbers of toes, for example horses and rhinos), Cetartiodactyla (hoofed animals with even numbers of toes), Philodota (pangolins), and Meridiungulata are all in Scrotifera.

References 

Taxonomy
Mammals
Rambo is a 2008 American action movie directed by Sylvester Stallone (who also stars) and also starring Julie Benz, Paul Schulze, Matthew Marsden, Graham McTavish, Rey Gallegos, Ken Howard. It is the fourth movie in the Rambo series.

Other websites
 
 

2008 action movies
Rambo movies
American action movies
2000s American action movies
American sequel movies
Movies set in Myanmar
Jungle movies
Guerrilla warfare movies
Movies directed by Sylvester Stallone
Tsutomu Yamazaki (8 May 1947 – 2 June 2021) was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the House of Councillors from 1995 until 2007 and again from 2010 until 2017. Yamazaki was born in Aomori, Japan.

Yamazaki died of COVID-19 at a hospital in Aomori on 2 June 2021, aged 74.

References

1947 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Japanese politicians
People from Aomori Prefecture
is a Japanese actor. He is known for his roles in The Funeral and Farewell to the Ark. Yamazaki also played Nenbutsu no Tetsu on the television series Hissatsu Shiokinin and Shin Hissatsu Shiokinin.

References

1936 births
Living people
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese stage actors
Remco Ekkers (1 July 1941 – 4 June 2021) was a Dutch poet, critic and writer. Ekkers was a poetry critic for De Gids from 1986 to 1992. He also worked for Leeuwarder Courant for ten years. He was born in Bergen, Netherlands.

Ekkers died in Zuidhorn, Netherlands on 4 June 2021, less than a month before his 80th birthday.

References

1941 births
2021 deaths
Literary critics
Dutch poets
Writers from North Holland
Fausto Feliciano Gaibor García (25 January 1952 – 4 June 2021) was an Ecuadorian Roman Catholic prelate. He was bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Tulcán between 2011 until his death in 2021. Gaibor García was born in Guaranda, Ecuador.

Gaibor García died in Tulcán, Ecuador on 4 June 2021, aged 69.

References

Ecuadorian Roman Catholic bishops
1952 births
2021 deaths
Revaz "Rezo" Gabriadze  (; 29 June 1936 – 6 June 2021) was a Georgian filmmaker, playwright, writer, painter, and sculptor. He was born in Kutaisi, Georgian SSR. He was known for writing the screenplays of Passport, Kin-dza-dza!, Mimino and Don't Grieve.

Gavriadze died on 6 June 2021 in Tbilisi, Georgia just three weeks before his 85th birthday.

References

1936 births
2021 deaths
Georgian people
Writers from Georgia (country)
Movie directors
Screenwriters
Playwrights
Painters from Europe
Sculptors
Princess Lilibet of Sussex  (Lilibet Diana; born 4 June 2021) is the younger child and only daughter of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex and the younger sister of Prince Archie of Sussex. She is the eleventh great-grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She is also the 5th grandchild of King Charles III and is seventh in the line of succession to the British throne.

Early life
Lilibet was born at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital in Santa Barbara, California, on 4 June 2021 at 11:40 PDT (19:26 UTC). She is named after her paternal great-grandmother Queen Elizabeth II and paternal grandmother Diana, Princess of Wales.

Title
Lilibet is seventh in the line of succession to the British throne. She became able to use the title "Princess" when her paternal grandfather, Charles III, became king.
As the daughter of a British Duke, Lilibet could have been styled as The Lady Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor, but her parents maintained Miss to accompany her civilian upbringing. 

5 July 2021-9 March 2023: Miss Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor

9 March 2023-present: Her Royal Highness Princess Lilibet Diana of Sussex

References

|-

2021 births
Living people
British princesses
People from Santa Barbara, California
African-American people
British Anglicans
House of Windsor
Medicine in the American Civil War was not good by today's standards.  Doctors did not know about germs, so many soldiers caught infections.  They did have anesthesia, so they were able to stop soldiers' pain. Most doctors in the United States had two years of schooling.  Harvard Medical School did not have even one microscope.

One problem was that, like in World War I, people had just invented new weapons, like the Minié ball.  Guns with rifled barrels did not miss as often as the muskets from the Revolutionary War and other earlier wars did.  That meant doctors did not already know how to treat the injuries that these weapons could cause in the human body.  Another problem was that the camps and battlefields were very dirty.  A soldier in the American Civil war was twice as likely to die of disease as of a battle injury.

Diseases
Diseases

560,000 soldiers died of diseases during the American Civil War. Malaria was a problem in the American Civil War.  Doctors gave patients quinine for malaria.  Soldiers also died of dysentery, diarrhea, and typhoid.

Germs

Most doctors did not know about germs in the mid-1800s.  They did not always wash their hands or tools between patients.  They also thought that pus, if thick and creamy, was "laudable pus" and meant the patient was getting better.  Really, pus means the patient has an infection.

Injuries

About 200,000 people had injuries in the American Civil War.

Anesthesia

Anesthesia was invented in 1846.  Doctors in the American Civil War did have chloroform, ether, and other anesthetics, and they used them.  90 percent of patients who had a limb cut off had anesthesia first, usually chloroform.  The doctors dripped chloroform onto a cloth and then put it over the patient's face.

Amputation
Amputation

Doctors invented two ways to do amputations, the circular method and the fish-mouth method.  There were so many amputations in the American Civil War that doctors became very good at amputating.  The Minié ball and other new weapons could destroy large pieces of bone, so the doctors decided to amputation so the patient would not get gangrene.

Field stations and hospitals
First, injured soldiers were brought to field stations near the battle.  There, medical people gave the soldiers whiskey if they had it and put bandages on them.  Then, the patients were taken to hospitals.  The "hospital" could be only a barn or other building where the doctors had decided to work.  They were not always organized well.  There, the medical people did triage: they looked at the patient to plan what to do next.  They divided patients into three groups: patients who were sure to die soon, patients who needed surgery and other patients.  From there, some soldiers were sent to better hospitals in the bigger cities.  Patients could be taken from place to place in different ways.  General George B. McClellan started an ambulance corps in 1862, and the Confederacy soon made their own.  There were also hospital trains, or steamboats called "sanitary steamers."

Response
Response

In 1861, the United States government (Union side, the North) created the U.S. Sanitary Commission to learn how to stop soldiers from becoming sick during wartime. Frederick Law Olmstead led the commission.  He told the army to have clean camps, good food, and hospitals with ventilation.

Many doctors learned much about the human body, disease and injuries during the American Civil War.  Many of them wrote down what they saw and did.  Between 1870 and 1888, these doctors published a book, Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion.

In 1861, Dorothea Dix became head of the United States Nursing Corps.  Professional nursing became more important in the United States.

References 

History of medicine
American Civil War
Jovan Ilić Deretić (; 18 January 1939 – 6 June 2021) was a Serbian publicist and writer. Deretić was known for his conspiracy theory writings. He would write about the alternative history of the Serbs that had a larger role in history than described by historians. Deretić was born in Orovac, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Deretić died on 6 June 2021 in Belgrade, aged 82.

References

1939 births
2021 deaths
Serbian writers
Rafael Bernardo López Aliaga Cazorla (born 11 February 1961) is a Peruvian businessman and politician. A conservative figure in Peruvian politics, he ran for President of Peru under Popular Renewal at the 2021 general election in which he placed third. Previously, he served as General Secretary and subsequently President of National Solidarity until the party was dissolved in October 2020 and succeeded by Popular Renewal, which he currently leads.

References 

1961 births
Living people
Politicians from Lima
An adept negotiator, he is also a prominent member of the Peruvian Aprista Party, serving in two occasions as the party's Secretary-General. As the right-hand man to the late former President Alan García, he served as his defense attorney during the first corruption and illicit enrichment allegations made in his first post-presidency, and finally as his first Prime Minister in his second presidency. After the "Petroaudios" scandal revealed Del Castillo's involvement, he tendered his resignation with the whole cabinet on October 10, 2008, to President Alan García, marking his political downfall.

References 

1950 births
Living people
Politicians from Lima
"Bart of Darkness" is the first episode of The Simpsons 6th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on September 4, 1994. In the episode, Bart Simpson breaks his leg and must stay in his house. He starts spying on his neighbor Ned Flanders' house and starts to think he is a murderer. The episode was written by Dan McGrath and Jim Reardon is the director of the episode. It took more time to make the episode than normal because an earthquake hit while it was being made.

Story 

In a heat wave, Homer buys a swimming pool for his children Bart and Lisa. Many children from their neighborhood come to their house to go in their pool. Bart tries to jump in the pool from his tree house. Nelson makes him miss the jump and Bart breaks his leg from falling. He must wear a cast over the summer.
The other children do not want to talk to Bart while he is in a cast. He makes himself stay in his room. He gets a telescope and uses it to spy on his neighbors. He hears a scream and sees Ned Flanders burying something. Bart starts to think he has murdered his wife Maude. While this happens, the swimming pool makes Lisa very popular. However, Martin Prince gets a bigger pool and gets all of the children to go to his pool.

Bart sees Ned tell his children Rod and Todd that Maude is "with God" and they will be with her soon. Bart thinks he will murder Rod and Todd too. Bart makes Lisa go to Ned's house while he is not there. Ned comes back and Lisa gets in his attic. Bart goes in Ned's house and sees him walking to the attic with an axe. Bart thinks he will hurt Lisa with it and tells him to stop. Ned sees Bart and Lisa and puts away his axe. When Bart tells Ned that he thinks he murdered Maude, Ned faints.
The Simpson family and the police learn that Maude was actually at a camp for Christians. They also learn that Ned was burying a plant that died because he gave it too much water. The police gets the plant and gets Ned to make the scream Bart heard before. Later, Martin's pool breaks because there were too many children in it.

Production 

"Bart of Darkness" was written by Dan McGrath and Jim Reardon is the director. The episode was suppose to be at the end of the 5th season. However, this and "Lisa's Rival" were being made during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The earthquake hurt the building that animators and producers used to work on episodes. They could not go in the building for three months and had to work in a different building. Producers were given more time to work on the episode. Jim Reardon said the more time helped him put more details in the episode, for example, Bart getting stuck in a chair and him wearing underwear instead of a swimsuit.
At the start of the episode, the town of Springfield is in a heat wave. Part of what the Simpson family does in the heat wave was similar to what the producers would do in a heat wave. McGrath used to go in front of freezers when he was a child. In the episode, there is a truck with a pool in it that goes to the Simpson family's neighborhood. David Mirkin used to have a truck with an amusement ride in it around his neighborhood as a child. Ned Flanders' scream was done by Tress MacNeille instead of his voice actor Harry Shearer. Krusty the Clown does not say Ravi Shankar's name right in the episode. This was not suppose to happen, but Mirkin liked it and wanted to keep it in the episode.

Reception
Reception 

Mike Duffy from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said the episode shows that The Simpsons was "just as strong and funny as it ever was". Elaine Liner from the Corpus Christi Caller-Times called the episode's writing "crisp" and "hilarious". Liner liked the references to pop culture and enjoyed when it was shown that Maude was at a camp for Christians. Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood (authors of I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide) thought it was hilarious to see how Ned Flanders was not actually a murderer. Tim Knight from Reel.com said it was a "terrific" episode to start the 6th season.

References

Other websites 

The Simpsons (season 6) episodes
1994 television episodes
Cesar Acuña Peralta (born 11 August 1952) is a Peruvian politician and businessman. He is the founder and leader of the Alliance for Progress party.

Political career
In October 2006, he was elected Mayor of Trujillo. He was reelected in 2010. Four years later, he was elected Governor of La Libertad. Ten months after being sworn in, he resigned as governor.

Presidential campaigns
He started a presidential campaign for the 2016 general election in October 2015. He was seen as a possible run-off nominee against frontrunner Keiko Fujimori, he was eventually disqualified people said he tried to buy votes.

He formally announced his second presidential bid for the 2021 election in late October 2020. He lost in the first round after coming in seventh place.

References 

1952 births
Living people
Peruvian mayors
Peruvian businesspeople
Werner Omar Quesada Martínez (born 24 September 1965) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. A ranking member of the Peruvian Aprista Party, he served as the party's Institutional Secretary General from March 2010 to July 2017.

His career has been marked by controversy. Raised in the Ayacucho Region, he served as a regional party leader throughout his youth, becoming the first democratically elected governor of Ayacucho, from 2003 to 2006. In the second presidency of Alan García, he was appointed as Director of the Informal Property Formalization Agency (COFOPRI), an agency dependent of the Ministry of Housing.Upon the revelation of irregular property selling conceded by the agency, he was forced to tender his resignation in April 2010.
Early life and education 
Born in the northern city of Trujillo, La Libertad, Quesada was raised in Huanta, Ayacucho. From a very young age, he registered himself in the Peruvian Aprista Party. After finishing his high school education at María Auxiliadora Grand School Unity in 1981, he travelled to Lima in order enroll in the Universidad de San Martín de Porres to study law. He was able to finish his law degree in 1996.

Simultaneously with his college education, Quesada served in a variety of positions within the Peruvian Aprista Party's Regional Committee. In 1985, he rose to the position of Deputy Regional Secretary General of the party in Ayacucho, and Provincial Secretary General for Huanta from 1992 to 1993.

References 

1965 births
Living people
Peruvian politicians
Ayacucho Region
David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, was styled as Viscount Linley until 2017. He is known professionally as David Linley. 

Linley is an English furniture maker, a former chairman of the auction house Christie's UK, and nephew of Queen Elizabeth II. He is the son of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon. 

He makes bespoke (individually made to order) furniture, upholstery, and interior design products. They are  neoclassical in appearance and in the use of inlaid woods. He has written numerous books and lectured around the world.

References 

1961 births
Living people
English businesspeople  
People from Westminster
Maurice Richard Robinson Jr. (March 15, 1937 – June 5, 2021) was an American business executive and educator. From 1975 until his death, Robinson was the CEO of Scholastic Corporation. Many believed he made it possible for the Harry Potter, Hunger Games and Captain Underpants book series to be published. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Robinson died on June 5, 2021 in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts at aged 84. The cause of death was either a stroke or a heart attack.

References

1937 births
2021 deaths
American chief executives
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
Businesspeople from New York City
American teachers
Educators from New York City
Educators from Pittsburgh
Madongan Dam is a dam in the Philippines. It is in Barangay San Marcelino, Municipality of Dingras, Ilocos Norte. There is an access road to reach the dam.

Tourists can see the cold water falling from Madongan River. A short hike gives a view of the mountain ranges around the area.

References

Dams in Asia
Buildings and structures in the Philippines
The Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple Act 1976 is an act passed by the Government of Manipur, for the protection of the Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple of Imphal, Manipur, India. It acts to make provisions for the maintenance and better administration of the temple of Lainingthou Sanamahi at Imphal and its endowments and for matters connected there with.

Other websites
 https://s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/casemine-act/india/State/Manipur/5e6f2cb412e046497bdf4d77.pdf
 https://s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/casemine-act/india/State/Manipur/5e6f2cad12e046497bdf4d75.pdf
 https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2498/browse?type=shorttitle&sort_by=3&order=ASC&rpp=20&etal=-1&null=&starts_with=L
 https://www.legitquest.com/case/lai-sanamahi-devata-of-wangoi-village-v-state-of-manipur-and-others/1bc72d

References

Meitei culture
Meitei religion
The 1908 Messina earthquake (also known as the 1908 Messina and Reggio earthquake) was on 28 December in Sicily and Calabria in southern Italy. It had a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The epicentre was in the Strait of Messina which is the water between Sicily and mainland Italy. The cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria were almost completely destroyed and between 75,000 and 82,000 people were killed. It was the most destructive earthquake ever to strike Europe.

References

1908
1900s in Europe
20th century in Italy
Calabria
December events
Disasters in the 20th century
Earthquakes in Italy
Messina
Antônio Guaçu Dinaer Piteri (6 April 1935 – 6 June 2021) was a Brazilian politician and sociologist. He was born in Pindorama, São Paulo. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement. 

Piteri was Mayor of Osasco from 1967 to 1970 and again from 1977 until 1982. Piteri was a member of the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo from 1971 until 1975. He was also a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1975 until 1977.

Piteri died on 6 June 2021 in São Paulo from cancer, just two months after his 86th birthday.

References

1935 births
2021 deaths
Politicians from São Paulo
Brazilian sociologists
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Irena Ondrová (19 June 1949 – 5 June 2021) was a Czech politician. She was a member of the Civic Democratic Party. Ondrová was born in Chomutov, Czechoslovakia. She was a member of the Senate from 1996 until 2002. She was also Mayor of Zlín from 2006 until 2010.

Ondrová died on 5 June 2021, aged 71.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Czech politicians
Czech mayors
Joseph Lebeau (3 January 1794 — 19 March 1865) was a Belgian politician. He was a liberal and prime minister twice: in 1831 and from 1840 to 1841. He was also foreign affairs and justice minister. From 1834 to 1840 he was governor of Namur province.

Lebeau was born and died in Huy, aged 71.

References 
 Connaître la Wallonie

1794 births
1865 deaths
Governors of Provinces of Belgium
Government ministers of Belgium
People from Huy
Prime Ministers of Belgium
Walloon politicians
Bird is a micromobility company based in Santa Monica, California. Founded in September 2017 Bird operated shared electric scooters in over 100 cities in Europe, the Middle East, and North America with 10 million rides in its first year of operation.

History 
Bird was founded in September 2017 by Travis VanderZanden, formerly an executive at Lyft and at Uber. It had its Series A round of funding in February 2018, raising $15 million led by Craft Ventures; this was followed by a Series B round in March for $100 million, led by Index Ventures and Valor Equity Partners, and a venture round in May for $150 million from Sequoia Capital, becoming the fastest company to ever reach the $1 billion "unicorn" valuation. In June 2018, Bird raised an additional $300 million, valuing the company at $2 billion.

References

2017 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California
GlobalLogic is a digital product engineering services company headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. It is a privately held company funded by Partners Group and CPP Investment Board. GlobalLogic provides software product design and development services.

Company overview

Early history 
GlobalLogic got its start in 2000 as Induslogic, a provider of outsourced software and product development services. Peter Harrison was appointed CEO in 2001 and Vasudev Bhandarkar joined the board in 2004. Under the direction of its CEO Peter Harrison, the company incubated Pine Labs in 2001 and then divided this subsidiary in 2006 before selling it to Sequoia Capital.  

In 2006, Induslogic merged with Bonus Technology to form GlobalLogic, a new global product development services company.
The same year, the company received Series B venture round funding of $12.5M from Sequoia Capital and New Enterprise Associates in 2006 and acquired Lambent Technologies, an offshore software R&D services firm based in Nagpur, India.

2008-2013 
In 2008, GlobalLogic opened offices in London, naming Mike Daniels as chairman of the board and hiring Shashank Samant as President.The same year, it acquired U.S.-based Validio Software and its Ukraine-based development center.

In 2012, CEO Peter Harrison became vice chairman and its president, Shashank Samant, was appointed CEO.

2014-2021 
In 2014, GlobalLogic hired Zaheer Allam as chief delivery officer and opened new delivery centers in Nagpur, India and Kosice, Slovakia. In 2015, the company opened a delivery center in Kraków, Poland. In 2016, Peter Bonfield took over the role of board chairman. The same year, GlobalLogic acquired REC Global, a Poland-based software development provider specializing in embedded technologies.
2022–2023
In 2023, GlobalLogic deservedly entered the top 200 companies in terms of revenue in 2022, demonstrating its successful performance and significant contribution to the world economy.

References

Companies based in California
American technology companies
Innovecs is an international software development company founded by Alex Lutsky in 2011. The company has offices in the United States, Great Britain, Australia, Israel and Ukraine. R&D centers are located in Ukraine.

History 
Innovecs was founded in September 2011.

In 2017-2020, Innovecs was included in the Inc. rating. 5000. Also, the company is included in the IAOP rating 'The Global Outsourcing 100 - a list of the world's best outsourcing companies.

The company currently has more than 800 employees in Ukraine, the United States and Europe.

In 2016-2019, Innovecs achieved 186% growth, serving more than 100 customers. Innovecs' core expertise is the development of B2B software solutions with a focus on software engineering.

In 2015, Innovecs launched a research and development center based on blockchain technology in Kyiv. The center was founded with the participation of the Bitcoin Foundation Ukraine.
In 2018, Innovecs acquired the outsourcing division of the Ukrainian mobile game development company Tatem Games as part of a strategic decision to implement the direction of video game development. Now Innovecs Gaming is a separate division designed to promote the company in the international field of video game outsourcing.

Public initiatives and projects 
In August 2018, Innovecs opened InnoHub, a 600 m2 multimedia environment for educational activities in business and technology.

In June 2019, Innovecs launches InnoCamp, an education development program for IT professionals based on international business practices. InnoCamp experts and managers follow the EduScrum methodology.

In 2020, Innovecs created the Innovecs COVID-19 fund in the amount of UAH 1,500,000 (one and a half million). The main priority of the fund is assistance in the fight against coronavirus in Ukraine.

The company promotes the Hearts Charity Evening, a Ukrainian social initiative that supports children with heart disease.
References

2011 establishments in Europe
The 2021–22 UEFA Champions League qualifying phase and play-off round began on 22 June and ended on 25 August 2021.

A total of 54 teams competed in the qualifying system of the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League, which includes the qualifying phase and the play-off round, with 43 teams in Champions Path and 11 teams in League Path. The six winners in the play-off round (four from Champions Path, two from League Path) advanced to the group stage, to join the 26 teams that enter in the group stage.

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

Teams
Teams

Champions Path
The Champions Path includes all league champions which do not qualify directly for the group stage, and consists of the following rounds:
Preliminary round (4 teams playing one-legged semi-finals and final): 4 teams which enter in this round.
First qualifying round (32 teams): 31 teams which enter in this round, and 1 winner of the preliminary round.
Second qualifying round (20 teams): 4 teams which enter in this round, and 16 winners of the first qualifying round.
Third qualifying round (12 teams): 2 teams which enter in this round, and 10 winners of the second qualifying round.
Play-off round (8 teams): 2 teams which enter in this round, and 6 winners of the third qualifying round.
All teams eliminated from the Champions Path enter either the Europa League or the Europa Conference League:
The 3 losers of the preliminary round and 15 losers of the first qualifying round enter the Europa Conference League Champions Path second qualifying round.
The 1 drawn loser of the first qualifying round enters the Europa Conference League Champions Path third qualifying round.
The 10 losers of the second qualifying round enter the Europa League Champions Path qualifying round
The 6 losers of the third qualifying round enter the Europa League play-off round.
The 4 losers of the play-off round enter the Europa League group stage.

Below are the participating teams of the Champions Path (with their 2021 UEFA club coefficients), grouped by their starting rounds.
League Path
The League Path includes all league non-champions which do not qualify directly for the group stage, and consists of the following rounds:
Second qualifying round (6 teams): 6 teams which enter in this round.
Third qualifying round (8 teams): 5 teams which enter in this round, and 3 winners of the second qualifying round.
Play-off round (4 teams): 4 winners of the third qualifying round.

All teams eliminated from the League Path enter the Europa League:
The 3 losers of the second qualifying round enter the Main Path qualifying round.
The 4 losers of the third qualifying round and the 2 losers of the play-off round enter the group stage.

Below are the participating teams of the League Path (with their 2021 UEFA club coefficients), grouped by their starting rounds.
Format
Each tie, apart from the preliminary round, is played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that scores more goals on aggregate over the two legs advance to the next round. If the aggregate score is level at the end of normal time of the second leg, the away goals rule is no longer applied starting from this season. To decide the winner of the tie, extra time is played, and if the same amount of goals are scored by both teams during extra time, the tie is decided by a penalty shoot-out. In the preliminary round, where single-match semi-finals and final are hosted by one of the participating teams, if the score is level at the end of normal time, extra time is played, and if the same amount of goals are scored by both teams during extra time, the tie is decided by a penalty shoot-out.
In the draws for each round, teams are seeded based on their UEFA club coefficients at the beginning of the season, with the teams divided into seeded and unseeded pots containing the same number of teams. A seeded team is drawn against an unseeded team, with the order of legs (or the administrative "home" team in the preliminary round matches) in each tie decided by draw. As the identity of the winners of the previous round is not known at the time of the draws, the seeding is carried out under the assumption that the team with the higher coefficient of an undecided tie advances to this round, which means if the team with the lower coefficient is to advance, it simply takes the seeding of its opponent. Prior to the draws, UEFA may form "groups" in accordance with the principles set by the Club Competitions Committee, but they are purely for convenience of the draw and do not resemble any real groupings in the sense of the competition
. Teams from associations with political conflicts as decided by UEFA may not be drawn into the same tie. After the draws, the order of legs of a tie may be reversed by UEFA due to scheduling or venue conflicts.
Schedule
The schedule of the competition is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland).

Preliminary round

The draw for the preliminary round was held on 8 June 2021, 12:00 CEST.

Seeding
A total of four teams played in the preliminary round. Seeding of teams was based on their 2021 UEFA club coefficients, with two seeded teams and two unseeded teams in the semi-finals. The first team drawn in each tie in the semi-finals, and also the final (between the two winners of the semi-finals, whose identity was not known at the time of draw), would be the "home" team for administrative purposes.

Bracket

Summary
Bracket

Summary

The preliminary round matches, which consisted of two semi-finals on 22 June 2021 and the final on 25 June 2021, were originally to be played at Gundadalur, Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands, but were moved due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands. The matches were instead played in Albania, with the semi-finals at Elbasan Arena, Elbasan and Niko Dovana Stadium, Durrës, and the final at Elbasan Arena.

The winner of the preliminary round final advanced to the first qualifying round. The losers of the semi-finals and final were transferred to the Europa Conference League Champions Path second qualifying round.

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Semi-finals

Final

First qualifying round

The draw for the first qualifying round was held on 15 June 2021, 12:00 CEST.
Seeding
A total of 32 teams played in the first qualifying round: 31 teams which entered in this round, and 1 winner of the preliminary round. Seeding of teams was based on their 2021 UEFA club coefficients. For the winner of the preliminary round, whose identity was not known at the time of draw, the club coefficient of the highest-ranked remaining team was used. Prior to the draw, UEFA formed four groups of four seeded teams and four unseeded teams in accordance with the principles set by the Club Competitions Committee. The first team drawn in each tie would be the home team of the first leg.

Notes

Summary

The first legs were played on 6 and 7 July, and the second legs were played on 13 and 14 July 2021.

The winners of the ties advanced to the Champions Path second qualifying round. The losers were transferred to the Europa Conference League Champions Path second qualifying round.

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Notes

Matches

Lincoln Red Imps won 7–2 on aggregate.

Slovan Bratislava won 3–2 on aggregate.
Malmö FF won 2–1 on aggregate.

Legia Warsaw won 5–2 on aggregate.

Alashkert won 3–2 on aggregate.

HJK won 7–1 on aggregate.

CFR Cluj won 4–3 on aggregate.

Mura won 6–0 on aggregate.

Sheriff Tiraspol won 5–0 on aggregate.

Neftçi Baku won 4–2 on aggregate.

Kairat won 3–1 on aggregate.

Ludogorets Razgrad won 2–0 on aggregate.

Ferencváros won 6–1 on aggregate.

Žalgiris won 5–2 on aggregate.

Flora won 5–0 on aggregate.

Dinamo Zagreb won 5–2 on aggregate.

Second qualifying round

The draw for the second qualifying round was held on 16 June 2021, 12:00 CEST.

Seeding
A total of 26 teams played in the second qualifying round. They were divided into two paths:
Champions Path (20 teams): 4 teams which entered in this round, and 16 winners of the first qualifying round.
League Path (6 teams): 6 teams which entered in this round.
Seeding of teams was based on their 2021 UEFA club coefficients. For the winners of the first qualifying round, whose identity was not known at the time of draw, the club coefficient of the highest-ranked remaining team in each tie was used. Prior to the draw, UEFA formed three groups in the Champions Path, two of three seeded teams and three unseeded teams, and one of four seeded teams and four unseeded teams, in accordance with the principles set by the Club Competitions Committee, while in the League Path there were three seeded teams and three unseeded teams. The first team drawn in each tie would be the home team of the first leg.

Notes

Summary

The first legs were played on 20 and 21 July, and the second legs were played on 27 and 28 July 2021.
The winners of the ties advanced to the third qualifying round of their respective path. The Champions Path losers were transferred to the Europa League Champions Path third qualifying round, while the League Path losers were transferred to the Europa League Main Path third qualifying round.

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Champions Path

Dinamo Zagreb won 3–0 on aggregate.

Young Boys won 3–2 on aggregate.

Legia Warsaw won 3–1 on aggregate.

Sheriff Tiraspol won 4–1 on aggregate.

Olympiacos won 2–0 on aggregate.

Red Star Belgrade won 6–2 on aggregate.

	
CFR Cluj won 4–1 on aggregate.

Malmö FF won 4–3 on aggregate.

Ferencváros won 5–1 on aggregate.

Ludogorets Razgrad won 3–1 on aggregate.

League Path

Sparta Prague won 3–2 on aggregate.

Midtjylland won 3–2 on aggregate.

PSV Eindhoven won 7–2 on aggregate.

Third qualifying round

The draw for the third qualifying round was held on 19 July 2021, 12:00 CEST.
Seeding
A total of 20 teams played in the third qualifying round. They were divided into two paths:
Champions Path (12 teams): 2 teams which entered in this round, and 10 winners of the second qualifying round (Champions Path).
League Path (8 teams): 5 teams which entered in this round, and 3 winners of the second qualifying round (League Path).
Notes

Summary

The first legs were played on 3 and 4 August, and the second legs were played on 10 August 2021. 

The winners of the ties advanced to the play-off round of their respective path. The Champions Path losers were transferred to the Europa League play-off round, while the League Path losers were transferred to the Europa League group stage.

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Champions Path

Dinamo Zagreb won 2–1 on aggregate.

Young Boys won 4–2 on aggregate.

3–3 on aggregate. Ludogorets Razgrad won 4–1 on penalties.

Sheriff Tiraspol won 2–1 on aggregate.

Malmö FF won 4–2 on aggregate.

Ferencváros won 2–1 on aggregate.

League Path

PSV Eindhoven won 4–0 on aggregate.

Benfica won 4–0 on aggregate.

Shakhtar Donetsk won 4–2 on aggregate.

Monaco won 5–1 on aggregate.

Play-off round

The draw for the play-off round was held on 2 August 2021, 12:00 CEST.
Seeding
A total of 12 teams played in the play-off round. They were divided into two paths:
Champions Path (8 teams): 2 teams which entered in this round, and 6 winners of the third qualifying round (Champions Path).
League Path (4 teams): 4 winners of the third qualifying round (League Path).
Seeding of teams was based on their 2021 UEFA club coefficients. For the winners of the third qualifying round, whose identity was not known at the time of draw, the club coefficient of the highest-ranked remaining team in each tie was used. In the Champions Path there were four seeded teams and four unseeded teams, and in the League Path there were two seeded teams and two unseeded teams. The first team drawn in each tie would be the home team of the first leg.

Notes

Summary

The first legs were played on 17 and 18 August, and the second legs were played on 24 and 25 August 2021. 

The winners of the ties advanced to the group stage. The losers were transferred to the Europa League group stage.

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Champions Path

Red Bull Salzburg won 4–2 on aggregate.

Young Boys won 6–4 on aggregate.

Malmö FF won 3–2 on aggregate.

Sheriff Tiraspol won 3–0 on aggregate.

League Path

Shakhtar Donetsk won 3–2 on aggregate.

Benfica won 2–1 on aggregate.

Notes

References

Other websites

UEFA Champions League
2021 in Europe
2021 in association football
2022 in association football
2022 in European sport
Falcata is a Strategy game, developed and published by Gust, which was released in Japan in 1995. Falcata was one of the first games released on PlayStation in Japan, and for sure it was a strange one, the game is a mix between an strategy board game and a RPG game. In the game screen, the game draws a line connecting some different circles on a map, given a genuine and bizarre sense of atmosphere.

Story 
The falcata is a type of sword typical of Pre-Roman Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, modern Spain and Portugal), similar to the Greek kopis or Nepalese kukri. The term Falcata is not ancient. It seems to have been coined by Fernando Fulgosio in 1872, on the model of the Latin expression ensis falcatus "sickle-shaped sword" (which, however, refers to the Harpe). He presumably went with falcata rather than falcatus because the Spanish word for sword espada is feminine, although there are other presumable theories. The name caught on very quickly, and is now firmly entrenched in the scholarly literature.
Gameplay 
The game is set in 1500 BC in a land with different cities and hostile tribes, that makes most of the people to travel to other lands. The goal of the game is to restore the land so the people can stop their endless wandering, and finally arrived to that land and that will end with the tribal fights. The player's character will be the hero to reach that? Only time will tell.

The game features 6 different parties that can be customized in their clothes and hair, all of them with their own stats. The gameplay is about going around those places and examine them, in some of them you will have to fight and then the game takes the usual rpg style with turns to choose the proper actions that the player wants his characters to do. But instead of fights he can also pay to avoid the fights, make pacts or discover relics, etc.

Description 
Manufacturer's description:
Set in ancient Persia, simulation strategy of all parties ploy Mujin movement intertwined with free will. Become the leader of the party up to 5 people, and nurture a character and fighting bandits or find items to explore the field, encountered, we will proceed with the sabotage to the other party at times, prosperity Asutoran city of illusion I will win.

 Features:

 Third person perspective.
 2D graphics
 Cartoon graphics
 Medieval Fantasy theme.

PlayStation games
PlayStation-only games
1995 video games
Role-playing games
Japan exclusive video games
Herbert Hainer (born 3 July 1954 in Dingolfing, Bavaria) is a German manager and the former CEO of Adidas-Group. He is the supervisory board chairman of the FC Bayern Munich AG. He is currently the president of the German club FC Bayern Munich.

Alma mater 
His alma mater was at the University of Applied Sciences Landshut, where he graduated in economics.

Career
Career 

 1979–1987 Procter & Gamble, Division Manager Sales and Marketing Germany
 1987–1989: adidas Germany, Sales Director Hardware
 1989–1991: adidas Germany, Sales Director Field
 1991–1993: adidas Germany, National Sales Director
 1993–1995: adidas Germany, Managing Director Sales
 1996–1997: adidas AG, Senior Vice President Region Europe, Africa, Middle East
 1997–1999: adidas AG, Member of the Executive Board
 1999–2001: adidas-Salomon AG, Deputy Chairman of the Executive Board
 2001-2016: adidas-group AG, CEO and Chairman of the Executive Board
 13.03.2014–02.05.2014: Chairman interim of FC Bayern Munich e.V.
 15.11.2019–present: President of FC Bayern Munich

References

Other websites 
 "Herbert Hainer, Adidas", European CEO, 16 March 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
 "Executive Profile: Herbert Hainer" Business Week. Retrieved 9 November 2010.

1954 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bavaria