Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
About half of the people who apply to Ohio State get accepted. Of the students who get in, 57 percent graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school classes, 91 percent graduated in the top quarter, and 99% graduated in the top half. A quarter of the freshman scored in the top 3 percent of the SAT or ACT, and 72 percent scored in the top 1 percent. The average ACT score was 27. Of the 6,122 members of the 2006 freshman class, 290 had been named valedictorian (top student) of their high school's graduating class. Ohio State’s freshman class has admitted over 100 National Merit Scholars for nine of the last ten years.

Campuses

Main campus (Columbus) 

Ohio State's main urban campus is in Columbus. It has a size of 1755 acres, and it is about  north of the city's downtown. Four buildings are currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Enarson Hall, Hayes Hall, Ohio Stadium, and Orton Hall. Architecture on the Ohio State campus is a mix of traditional, modern, and post-modern styles.
Libraries
The William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library is located at the west end of The Oval. It is the Ohio State library's main branch, and it is the largest of the school's branches. The school's library system has twenty-one libraries on its Columbus campus. There are eight other branches in other locations, and the system has fifty-five branches and collections in all.
Wexner Center for the Arts
The Wexner Center for the Arts is at the east end of The Oval. It was designed by the architects Peter Eisenman of New York and Richard Trott of Columbus, and it opened in 1989. The center was built mostly from a twenty-five million dollar gift from Ohio State graduate Leslie Wexner. Part of its design was to honor to the armory (military storage location) that was replaced with the Wexner Center. Its deconstructivist architecture makes known as one of the most important buildings of its generation, but the design makes it less than ideal to show many of the art displays. The main, permanent work kept in the center is Picasso's Nude on a Black Armchair, a forty-five million dollar painting that Wexner gave to Ohio State.

Ohio Union
Ohio Union is on the east side of The Oval, and at the south side is another, smaller grassy area known as The South Oval. The west side is contains Browning Amphitheatre and Mirror Lake.
College of Medicine
The Ohio State College of Medicine is on the southern edge of the central campus. It is home to the James Cancer Hospital, where cancer is studied. It is one of the National Cancer Institute's forty-one NCI-designated Cancer Centers.

Regional campuses 
The university also has several regional campuses and research facilities in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, and Newark. The school also has an Ohio State Agricultural Technical Institute. The first regional campus was in Newark, which was founded in 1957. Students there can get one of six bachelor degrees or two master degrees. In Lima, there are eight four-year programs, 2 high school completion programs, and four graduate programs. The Mansfield campus is in the Allegheny Plateau area, and it has 7 bachelor programs and 3 master programs. Marion's campus is closest to Columbus, and it has 5 bachelor programs and 2 master programs.
Research facilities 
Ohio State's research facilities include the Aeronautical/Astronautical Research Laboratory, Byrd Polar Research Center, Chadwick Arboretum, Biological Research Tower, Large Binocular Telescope, Mershon Center for International Security Studies, Stone Laboratory, and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.

Student life 
The Office of Student Life helps students with things such as student housing; food service; health, wellness and counseling; activities, organizations and leadership development; recreation and intramurals. The Office of Student Life also operates the Schottenstein Center, the Fawcett Center, the Blackwell Inn, the Ohio Union, the Drake Union, and the Wilce Student Health Center.
Ohio State has several student-managed publications and media outlets. The Makio is the official yearbook.The Lantern is the school's daily newspaper. Mosaic is a literary magazine published by Ohio State, which features undergraduate fiction, poetry, and art. OHIO.FM is the student-run radio station with an Internet audio stream (no broadcast signals are available in Columbus). Students also operate a local cable channel known as Buckeye TV, which airs mostly in the campus housing.

Ohio State University Marching Band  is an old tradition at Ohio State. The marching band is the largest all-brass and percussion band in the world. The traditional school songs are arranged to fit this unique instrumentation. The band is famous for "Script Ohio", where band members use their bodies to spell Ohio spelled in script on the football field. It is seen as an honor to dot the "i" in the word. Celebrities such as Bob Hope, Jack Nicklaus, and John Glenn have dotted the "i".
Diversity 
Ohio State's main campus is known for the diversity of its students. In various surveys and rankings, it has been included among the best campuses in the nation for African Americans. The Advocate College Guide for LGBT Students lists Ohio State as one of the best campuses in America for LGBT students.

Honors programs 
Ohio State offers two distinct honors programs for high ability undergraduates: Honors and Scholars. The Honors program is open to students in all majors.  The Scholars program is centered around thirteen specific programs such as "Architecture Scholars", "Communication Technology Scholars", "Biological Sciences Scholars", "International Affairs Scholars", and "Politics, Society and Law Scholars".  Students in the Scholars program are expected to live and take select classes with other members of the program.
Student governments 
At Ohio State University, there are four recognized student governments: Undergraduate Student Government (USG), Council of Graduate Students (CGS), amd Inter-Professional Council (IPC), and Residence Hall Advisory Council (RHAC).

Athletics 
Ohio State is in the NCAA's Division I. Ohio State's mascot is "Brutus the Buckeye". The school colors are scarlet and gray. Most Ohio State teams play in the Big Ten Conference. The women's ice hockey team plays in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. In lacrosse, the men's team plays in ECAC Lacrosse and the women's team in the American Lacrosse Conference, but both will leave their respective leagues after the 2014 season, as the Big Ten will start lacrosse leagues for both sexes in the 2014–15 school year.

Ohio State won national championships in baseball, men's basketball, football, men's swimming & diving, men's track and field, men's golf, men's gymnastics, men's fencing, men and women's fencing, and synchronized swimming.

References
References

Other websites 

 Ohio State Buckeyes website

American Lacrosse Conference
Association of American Universities
Big Ten Conference
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
ECAC Lacrosse
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Western Collegiate Hockey Association
1870 establishments in Ohio
UM can stand for:
 University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida
 University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan
IIT may refer to:

Indian Institutes of Technology
Illinois Institute of Technology
MSU may refer to:
Michigan State University
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Mississippi State University
Missouri State University
Montana State University
Moscow State University
VT can stand for:
Vermont a U.S. state
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, usually called "Virginia Tech"
BC can stand for:
Before Christ, the years before the start of Anno Domini
Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
British Columbia a province in Canada
BookCrossing a website which encourages leaving books in public places to be found by others
Pinoy Idol is a popular TV show in the Philippines that lets anyone sing to people watching the show on television while they are being judged. The singers can be anyone between the age of 16 and 29 years. The show is now current programming in GMA Network.

Host and judges
Pinoy Idol has three judges, who give comments on performances.  The three judges are: 
 Ogie Alcasid
 Jolina Magdangal
 Wyngard Tracy

Pinoy Idol also has a host, Raymond Gutierrez.

Reality television series
Hulagu Khan, also known as Hulagu, Hülegü or Hulegu (Хүлэгү, Khülegü; Chagatai/ - Halaku; Arabic:هولاكو; c. 1217 – 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia.

Son of Tolui and the Kerait princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan, and the brother of Arik Boke, Mongke and Kublai Khan. He was also the step-father of Absh Khatun. Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate of Persia. Under his leadership, the Mongols destroyed the two greatest centers of Islamic power, Baghdad in the year 1258, and Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluks in Cairo.

The Polos 
 
Niccolò and Maffeo Polo reportedly travelled to the realm of Hulagu and stayed in the city of Bukhara, in modern day Uzbekistan, where the family lived and traded for three years from 1261 to 1264.

Notes
Notes

References 
 Boyle, J.A., (Editor). The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods . Cambridge University Press; Reissue edition (January 1, 1968). . Perhaps the best overview of the history of the il-khanate. Covers politics, economics, religion, culture and the arts and sciences. Also has a section on the Isma'ilis, Hulagu's nemesis.
 Encyclopedia Iranica has scholar-reviewed articles on a wide range of Persian subjects, including Hulagu.
 Morgan, David. The Mongols. Blackwell Publishers; Reprint edition, April 1990. . Best for an overview of the wider context of medieval Mongol history and culture.
 Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts on File, Inc. .
Other websites 
 A long article  about Hulagu's conquest of Baghdad, written by Ian Frazier, appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of The New Yorker.
 An Osama bin Laden tape in which Osama bin Laden compares Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of State Colin Powell to Hulagu and his attack on Baghdad. Dated November 12, 2002.

1217 births
1265 deaths
Mongol emperors
Dalgety Bay is a coastal town in Fife, Scotland. It is on the north shore of the Firth of Forth.

Other websites 
 Dalgety Bay on FifeDirect 
 Dalgety Bay and Hillend community website 
 A short tour of Dalgety Bay - has maps and aerial photographs

Towns in Fife
Elena Olegovna Bovina  (born March 10, 1983, Moscow, RSFR, Soviet Union) is a Russian retired professional female tennis player. She turned pro in 1998. In 2004, she won the Australian Open mixed doubles. On April 4, 2005, Bovina reached her career-high singles ranking was world no. 14. She retired in 2012. She lives in Quebec City, Canada.

1983 births
Australian Open champions
Russian tennis players
Living people
Sportspeople from Moscow
Anastasia Andreyevna Myskina (; ) (born July 8, 1981, Moscow, Russia) is a professional tennis player from Russia.

1981 births
Russian tennis players
French Open champions
Living people
Sportspeople from Moscow
This is a list with all the Sony Ericsson WTA Tour Awards given by the WTA Tour to players who have done or achieved something remarkable during the season or their career.

Player of The Year
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis over the year.

Doubles Team of the Year 
This is awarded to the doubles team who the WTA think has played the best tennis over the year.

Most Improved Player 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has improved the most over the year.

Newcomer of the Year 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis in their first season as a professional.

Comeback Player of the Year 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis after coming back from a long break from playing.

Player Service 

Note: in 2002 the award was not given.

Karen Krantzcke Sportsmanship Award

Tournaments of the Year

Tier I - II

Notes

Other websites 
WTA Awards - past winners 

Tennis
The Hopman Cup is an yearly international team tennis tournament played in Perth, Western Australia in January each year.

Champions

Other websites
 Hopman Cup 

Tennis tournaments in Australia
Perth, Western Australia
1989 establishments in Australia
Wells Cathedral is an Anglican church in Wells, Somerset, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells. Its construction started in 1170 and the Cathedral was dedicated in 1239. 

Wells Cathedral has been described as “the most poetic of the English Cathedrals”. 
Much of the structure is in Early English architecture. Many mouldings look almost like sculptures. The carved capitals are done in a foliate style known as “stiff leaf”. This adds to their lively view. The eastern end has kept much original glass, which is rare in England. The exterior has a splendid Early English façade (~front) and a large central tower.

The first church was established on the site in 705. Construction of the present building began in the 10th century under Anglo-Saxon rule, but was later transformed under the Normans. It was largely complete at the time of its dedication in 1239. It has been expanded and renovated several times since then and has been designated by English Heritage as a grade I listed building.
History of the building

Early years 
The first church was established here in 705 AD. It was dedicated to Saint Andrew. The only remains of this first church are some excavated foundations which can be seen in the cloisters. The baptismal font in the south transept is the oldest surviving part of the cathedral which is dated to c.700 AD.

Two centuries later, the seat of the diocese was shifted to Wells from Sherborne. The first Bishop of Wells was Athelm (circa 909), who crowned King Athelstan. Athelm and his nephew Saint Dunstan both became Archbishops of Canterbury. It was also around this time that Wells Cathedral School was founded.

Present structure 

The present structure was begun under the direction of Bishop Reginald de Bohun, who died in 1184.
Wells Cathedral dates mainly from the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries; the nave and transept are masterpieces of Early English architecture. It was largely complete at the time of its dedication in 1239.
The bishop responsible for the construction was Jocelyn de Wells, one of the bishops at the signing of Magna Carta. Jocelyn's buildings included the Bishop's Palace, a choristers' school, a grammar school, a hospital for travellers and a chapel. He also built a manor at Wookey, near Wells. The master mason associated with Jocelyn was Elias of Dereham (died 1246). Jocelyn lived to see the church dedicated but, despite much lobbying of Rome, died in 1242. Cathedral status was granted in 1245. Masons continued with the enrichment of the West Front until about 1260.

King John was excommunicated between 1209 and 1213. During this time, work on the cathedral was suspended. In this period, building methods advanced so that bigger blocks of masonry could be moved and put into the walls. The effect of this advance can be seen on the walls of the cathedral; at a point in the building's walls, the blocks of stone increase in size.
By the time the building was finished, including the Chapter House (1306),
it already seemed too small for the developing liturgy, in particular the increasingly grand processions. A new spate of building was therefore started by Bishop John Drokensford. He heightened the central tower and began a dramatic eight-sided Lady chapel at the far east end, finished by 1326. Thomas of Whitney was the master mason.

Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury followed. He continued the eastward extension of the quire. He also built Vicars' Close and the Vicars' Hall, to give the men of the choir a secure place to live and dine, away from the town with all its temptations.
He enjoyed an uneasy relationship with the citizens of Wells, partly because of his imposition of taxes. He surrounded his palace with crenellated walls and a moat and drawbridge. The Palace was now a castle.
The appointment of William Wynford as master mason in 1365 marked another period of activity. He was one of the foremost architects of his time and, apart from Wells, was engaged in work for the king at Windsor and at New College, Oxford University and Winchester Cathedral. Under Bishop John Harewell, he built the south-west tower of the West Front and designed the north west, which was built to match in the early 15th century. Inside the building he filled in the early English lancet windows with delicate tracery.

In the fourteenth century, the central piers (upright supports) of the crossing (where the building forms a cross) started sinking under the weight of the crossing tower. 'Scissor arches' were inserted to brace and stabilize the piers as a unit. The building was now complete, and it looked much as it does today.

Images

References

Anglican cathedrals in England
Buildings and structures in Somerset
12th-century buildings and structures‎
Siena Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Siena, officially Santa Maria Assunta) is a Cathedral in Siena, Italy. It is the seat of the archbishop of Siena. The cathedral was built between 1215 and 1263. The was another church there beforehand.  The Cathedral is known all over Italy for its stripes. These were made by using different kinds of stone. It is also a unfinished building as well.

Images

Roman Catholic cathedrals
Cathedrals in Italy
Tuscany
1263 establishments
13th-century buildings and structures‎
Caen ( pronounced can (/kɑ̃/);) is a city in France. It is the capital city of Basse-Normandie and Calvados. The river Orne flows through it. Today, about 110,000 people live there (intra muros, inside the city); the urban area has about 370,000 people. The city has a very long history; the name probably has Gaulish origins (from cato Military activity; and mago field; probably something like place where the troops exercised). A campus of the École de management de Normandie is in the city.

Sister cities
Caen is twinned with:

References 

 
Former regional capitals in France
St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral is the Cathedral in Brussels. It is named in honour of St. Michael and St. Gudula. In Dutch it is called Sint-Michiels- en Sint-Goedelekathedraal, usually shortened to "Sint-Goedele". In French it is called Cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule. It is the main church of the bishop of Brussels and Mechelen. 

There already was a shrine (or chapel) to Saint Michael there in the 8th century. The Cathedral was begun in 1226. Building finished when the belltower (or belfry) was done, at the end of the 15th century. The cathedral is built in Gothic style. As it is the main Church of the Kingom of Belgium, there are often royal ceremonies, such as marriages and funerals, there.

Roman Catholic cathedrals
Buildings and structures in Brussels
Strasbourg Cathedral or the Cathedral of Our Lady of Strasbourg (, or Cathédrale de Strasbourg,   or Straßburger Münster), also known as Strasbourg Minster, is a cathedral. The cathedral was built in Gothic style. The belltower is 142 m high. It was the highest building in the world from 1647 to 1874. It is currently the second-highest cathedral in France, after Rouen Cathedral, which is 9m higher, at 151m. In 1880, Cologne Cathedral was finished (157m), and later Ulm minster (at 161m), the highest Cathedral in the World. 

Considerable parts of it are still in Romanesque architecture. Nevertheless, it is widely considered to be among the finest examples of high, or late, Gothic architecture. Erwin von Steinbach is credited for major contributions from 1277 to his death in 1318.

Victor Hugo described it as a "gigantic and delicate marvel". The cathedral is visible far across the plains of Alsace and can be seen from as far off as the Vosges mountains or the Black Forest on the other side of the Rhine.
An Al-Qaeda plot to bomb the adjacent Christmas market was prevented in 2000 by French and German police.

References 

Roman Catholic cathedrals
Cathedrals in France
Buildings and structures in Strasbourg
15th-century buildings and structures‎
Ely Cathedral is an Anglican church in Ely, Cambridgeshire. It is the main church of the diocese of Ely, and the seat of the Bishop of Ely. The city of Ely is about 20 km north of Cambridge.

The Cathedral is known locally as "the Ship of the Fens", because of its prominent shape which towers above the surrounding flat landscape. The fens were once wet and marshy: a wetland habitat. The Fenland in East Anglia includes Ely, but is today mainly drained. It is now low-lying farmland.

History

Anglo-Saxon 
The first Christian building on the site was founded by Etheldreda, daughter of the King of East Anglia.She set up and ruled a monastery at Ely in 673, and, when she died, a shrine was built there to her memory.

Norman
Norman

Abbot Simeon's Cathedral 
The present cathedral was started by Abbot Simeon (1082–1094) in 1083. The Anglo-Saxon church was demolished, but some of its relics, such as the remains of its benefactors, were moved to the cathedral. The main transepts were built early on, crossing the nave below a central tower, and are the oldest surviving part of the cathedral. Construction work continued throughout the 12th century. The Western transepts and tower were completed in an exuberant Romanesque style with a rich decoration of intersecting arches and complex mouldings.
Early Gothic elements 
A 'Galilee' porch was added under Bishop  Eustace (1198–1215) in the Early English Gothic style. It was originally a two-storey structure where liturgical processions could gather before entering the nave. It was opened up into a single vaulted space in the 18th century. Several details of its decoration, particularly the 'syncopated arches' and the use of Purbeck marble shafts, reflect the influence of St Hugh's Choir at Lincoln Cathedral, built a few years earlier.

Work began on a new eastern end in 1234, replacing the short Norman chancel with a much grander 10-bay structure. Northwold's chancel, completed by around 1252, adopted several of the stylistic elements already used in the Galilee porch.

Later 
During the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, the monastery at Ely was dissolved in 1539. Ely suffered less than many other monasteries, but even so, statues were destroyed together with carvings and stained glass. St Etheldreda's Shrine was destroyed.
The Cathedral was refounded with a Chapter of eight canons in 1541, as was the Kings School. Robert Steward, the last Prior of the monastery, became the first Dean.

Recent crisis 
In 1986 it was discovered that the roofs, timber and stonework of much of the Cathedral were becoming unsafe. A public appeal was launched. £4,000,000 was needed to secure the Cathedral's future and to prevent its doors being closed for good. In just over a year, the money was given or promised. The Great Restoration was completed in the year 2000.

Stained Glass Museum 
The south gallery of the nave is home to The Stained Glass Museum, a collection of stained glass from the 13th century to the present that is of national importance. It includes works from several notable modern artists.

References

Other websites 

Anglican cathedrals in England
Buildings and structures in Cambridgeshire
11th-century buildings and structures‎
History 
In 1107, William Warelwast, a nephew of William the Conqueror, was appointed to the see, and this was the catalyst for the building of a new cathedral in the Norman style. Its official foundation was in 1133, after Warelwast's time, but it took many more years to complete. In 1258 the building was already outmoded, and it was rebuilt in the Decorated English Gothic architecture style, following the example of nearby Salisbury Cathedral. However, much of the Norman building was kept, including the two massive square towers and part of the walls. It was constructed entirely of local stone, including Purbeck Marble. The new cathedral was complete by about 1400, apart from the addition of the chapter house and chantry chapels.
World War II 
On 4 May 1942, an early morning air raid took place over Exeter. The cathedral sustained a direct hit by a large high-explosive bomb on the chapel of St James, completely demolishing it. The muniment room above, three bays of the aisle and two flying buttresses were also destroyed in the blast. The medieval wooden screen opposite the chapel was smashed into many pieces by the blast, but it has been reconstructed and restored. Fortunately many of the cathedral's most important artifacts, such as the glass of the great east window, the misericords, the Exeter Book, the bishop's throne and the Bronescombe Effigy, had been removed at the start of the war in anticipation of such an attack. Subsequent repairs and the clearance of the area around the western end of the building uncovered portions of earlier structures, including remains of the Roman city and of the original Norman cathedral.
Astronomical clock 
The clock is one of a group of famous 14th to 16th century astronomical clocks to be found in the West of England. Another one is at Wells Cathedral.

The main, lower, dial is the oldest part of the clock, dating from 1484. The fleur-de-lys 'hand' indicates the time (and the position of the sun in the sky) on a 24-hour analogue dial. The numbering consists of two sets of I-XII Roman numerals. The silver ball and inner dial shows both the age of the moon and its phase (using a rotating black shield to indicate the moon's phase). The upper dial, added in 1760, shows the minutes.
The Latin phrase Pereunt et Imputantur, a favourite motto for clocks and sundials was written by the Latin poet Martial. It is usually translated as "they perish and are reckoned to our account", referring to the hours that we spend, wisely or not. The original clockwork mechanism was much modified, repaired, and neglected until it was replaced in the early 20th century. The door below the clock has a round hole near its base. This was cut in the early 17th century to allow entry for the Bishop's cat to deter vermin. The vermin were attracted to the animal fat used to lubricate the clock mechanism.

Reference 

Anglican cathedrals in England
Buildings and structures in Devon
13th-century buildings and structures‎
Lasbela district is a coastal district of Balochistan province, Pakistan. It became a separate district in the Kalat division on 30 June 1954. The name is derived from the words Las which signifies a plain, the greater part of the area being a flat plain, and Bela which means "jungle" and is also the name of the principal town of the district. Uthal is the district headquarters. The district is divided into 9 tehsils and 21 union councils.

Tehsils
 Bela Tehsil
 Dureji Tehsil
 Gadani Tehsil
 Hub Tehsil
 Kanraj Tehsil
 Lakhra Tehsil
 Liari Tehsil
 Sonmiani Tehsil
 Uthal Tehsil
Awaran () is a district in the south of the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Awaran Tehsil
 Jhal Jhao Tehsil
 Mashkay Tehsil
 Gashkore Tehsil
 Korak Tehsil

Other websites 

 Awaran District  at www.balochistan.gov.pk
Coutances Cathedral () is the cathedral in the town of Coutances in Normandy. It is built in Gothic style. Standing 80m tall it dominates the city and the surrounding landscape. Its use of long straight vertical lines is typical for many churches in Normandy. The cathedral was started in Romanesque style. It was consecrated in 1056.

Roman Catholic cathedrals
Cathedrals in France
Manche
11th-century buildings and structures‎
Kalat or Qalat ()  is a district in Balochistan, Pakistan. It has a population of 412,232

Tehsils of Kalat
 Gazg Johan Tehsil
 Kalat
 Mangochar Tehsil
 Surab Tehsil

References

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Regensburg Cathedral () is dedicated to St. Peter. It is the most important church and landmark of the city of Regensburg, and the cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Regensburg. The church is a very good  example of Gothic architecture in southern Germany.

The first church at the site was built around the year 700, but it burnt down around 1156. The current cathedral was started in the year 1273, and it took until 1872 to complete. In the 15th century, the sale of indulgences was used to finance the construction.

Religious buildings and structures in Bavaria
Cathedrals in Germany
Regensburg
Roman Catholic cathedrals
13th-century buildings and structures‎
Kharan () is a district in the north-west of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Administration
The district is administratively broken up into the following tehsils:

 Kharan Tehsil
 Sar Kharan Tehsil
 Toumulk Tehsil
 Besima Tehsil
 Mashkel Tehsil
 Nag Tehsil
 Wasuk Tehsil
Khuzdar () district is in the centre of Balochistan province of Pakistan. Khuzdar is the capital of Khuzdar district.

Administration
The district is administratively subdivided into five tehsils, these are:

 Khuzdar Tehsil
 Karkh Tehsil
 Naal Tehsil
 Wadh Tehsil
 Zehri Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Cathedral of Santa Eulalia is the Gothic cathedral of Barcelona, where they discriminate against people because they don't let anyone wearing a miniskirt or tank top, despite having paid for a ticket. The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to the 15th century. There was a Visigothic church there before. The Gothic-like façade is from the 19th century.

The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona. According to Catholic tradition, Eulalia was a young virgin who suffered martyrdom during Roman times in Barcelona. The body of Saint Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt.

One side chapel is dedicated to "Christ of Lepanto", and contains a cross from a ship that fought at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). The body of the cross is shifted to the right. Catalan legend says that the body swerved to avoid getting hit by a cannonball.

The cathedral has a secluded Gothic cloister where thirteen white geese are kept (it is said that Eulalia was 13 when she was murdered).
Images

References

Other websites 

 Official site 
 Overview, with plan  

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Buildings and structures in Barcelona
14th-century buildings and structures
Mastung District () is a district in the northwest of Balochistan province. Pakistan. Prior to 1991 Mastung was part of Kalat District. For administrative purposes Mastung was separated from Kalat and made a new district in 1991.

Tehsils
 Dasht Tehsil
 Kardigap Tehsil
 Mastung Tehsil

References
Gwadar was notified as a district on July 1, 1977 when Makran Division was created and divided into three districts. Gwadar is the headquarters of Gwadar District. Previously it was one of 3 tehsils of Makran District before the district was upgraded to a division. For administrative purposes, the district is divided into two sub-divisions, namely Gwadar and Pasni. These sub-divisions are further divided into tehsils and sub-tehsils. Gwadar sub-division comprises two tehsils, named Gwadar and Jiwani, and one sub-tehsil named Suntsar. Pasni sub-division is divided into Pasni and Ormara tehsils. Gwadar district, with its 600 kilometres long coast line and un-irrigated tracts of Kulanch and Dasht valleys, has always been an important chapter of Makran’s history.

Administration
The district of Gwadar is administratively divided into the following tehsils:

 Gwadar City
 Jiwani Tehsil
 Ormara Tehsil
 Pasni Tehsil
 Suntsar Tehsil
Panjgur () is a district in the west of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Gichk Tehsil
 Gowargo Tehsil
 Panjgur Tehsil
 Parome Tehsil

Other websites

 Pangur District  at www.balochistan.gov.pk 

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Kech ()  or Turbat district is in the south west of Balochistan, province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
Buleda Tehsil
Dasht Tehsil
Mand Tehsil
Tump Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Cathedral of Valencia (Metropolitan Basilica Cathedral) is dedicated to Saint Mary. The church was started in 1238 by the first bishop of Valencia Pere d'Albalat. It was built on a mosque. The mosque had been built where the former Visigothic cathedral had stood. A Mediterranean version of Gothic architecture is the main style of this cathedral. The cathedral also contains Romanesque, French Gothic, Renaissance art, Baroque and neoclassical elements.

There are several chalices that are claimed to be the Holy Grail spread over the world. One of them is in a chapel of the Cathedral. Several Christian historians claim that the one in the chapel is most likely the authentic cup used at the Last Supper. It was the official papal chalice for many popes, and has been used by many others, most recently by Pope Benedict XVI, on July 9, 2006. This chalice dates from the 1st century. It was given to the cathedral by king Alfons el Magnànim in 1436.
The cathedral also contains examples of some of the earliest and best Quattrocento paintings of the Iberian Peninsula. These were brought from Rome via artists commissioned by the Valencian Pope Alexander VI. Alexander VI made the request to make Valencia the seat of an archbishop when he was still a cardinal. This was granted by Pope Innocent VIII in 1492.

References

Other websites

Official site of Valencia Cathedral
Comunidad Valenciana. The Santa Maria metropolitan basilica cathedral  GothicMed.  A virtual museum of mediterranean gothic architecture.
http://www.virtourist.com/europe/valencia/05.htm
http://www.planetware.com/valencia/cathedral-e-val-valcat.htm
Tourist Fact-sheet on Valencia Cathedral 

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Buildings and structures in Valencia
13th-century buildings and structures
Dera Bugti is a district in the southwest of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Jafarabad or Jaffarabad () district is in the southeast of the Pakistani province of Balochistan.

Administration
The district of Jaffarabad is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:

 Jhat Pat Tehsil
 Usta Mohammad Tehsil
 Gandakha Tehsil
 Suhbat Nagar Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Nasirabad () is a district in the centre-west of Balochistan, Pakistan.

Tehsils of Nasirabad
 Chattar Tehsil
 Dera Murad Jamali Tehsil
 Tamboo Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Bad Doberan Minster is the main Lutheran Church of Bad Doberan in Germany. It is the most important religious building on the European Route of Brick Gothic, a tourist route which connects three countries along the Baltic Sea - Denmark, Germany and Poland. It was the first abbey in Mecklenberg. and was founded in 1171. It was the burial site for regional rulers. Because of this, the church became important for cultural and economic development.

Its attractions include:
An altar which was made in about 1300
A tabernacle which was built between 1350 and 1360.
A chalice cupboard which was made in about 1310.
A credenza which was made out of oak in about 1300.
Levite pews which were made in the 14th century.
An ornamental candle holder which shows the mother Mary, made in about 1280.
An eagle lectern which was made in the 19th century.
Choir stalls which were made in the 14th century.
A double sided cross altar which was made between 1360 and 1370.
Pieces of medieval glass which were made in about 1300.
The face of an astronomical clock, which was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War.
The granite sarcophagus of Great Duke Friedrich Franz I. von Mecklenburg, who died in 1837.
Medieval tombstones and pictures.
Pieces of medieval stone tablets.
The von Bülow Chapel and the organ.
The Chapel of Pribislav.
Medieval tombstones and pictures.
Pieces of medieval glass and stone tablets.
The von Bülow Chapel and the organ.
The Chapel of Pribislav.
Mill Altar, scale model and a tomb stone.
Tomb of Lord Samuel von Behr and a swan and antlers.
Figure of Queen Margarete of Denmark and three altars.
The tomb and crypt of Duke Adolf Friedrich I.
The Octagon.
The Tomb of King Albert of Sweden
The memorial statue of Duke Magnus II
The Tomb of Duke Johann Albrecht II von Mecklenburg
The rear of the Levite pews
A picture and text plaque of Peter Wise
A Renaissance style ducal epitaph
Images 

Buildings and structures in Germany
Sibi () is a district in the Baluchistan province of Pakistan. The hottest place in Pakistan, in the summer with temperatures reaching .

Tehsils
 Harnai Tehsil
 Lehri Tehsil
 Sibi Tehsil

Districts of British India
The Kohlu District is an administrative division in the Balochistan province in Pakistan.

Tehsils of Kohlu
 Kahan Tehsil
 Kohlu Tehsil
 Maiwand Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Ziarat is a district in the north of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Sinjavi Tehsil
 Ziarat Tehsil
Hammerbeam roof is a type of wooden roof. It was used in the gothic architecture.

Roofs
Quetta is a district in the north-west of Balochistan province of Pakistan. It was part of Quetta Division until the year 2000 when divisions were abolished.

 Panjpai Tehsil
 Quetta Tehsil

Districts of British India
Pishin () is a district in the north west of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Administration
The district of Pishin is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:

 Barshore Tehsil
 Bostan Tehsil
 Hurramzai Tehsil
 Karezat Tehsil
 Pishin Tehsil
Purbeck marble is a fossiliferous limestone found in the Isle of Purbeck, a peninsula in south-east Dorset, England. It has been quarried since at least Roman times as a decorative building stone. This industry is no longer active.

Geology
These limestone beds were deposited during Lower Cretaceous epoch. Purbeck Marble is not a metamorphic rock, like a true marble, but is so-called because it can take a fine polish.
Its characteristic appearance comes from densely-packed shells of the freshwater snail Viviparus.  Sussex Marble is similar in type. The 'marble' large clasts (the snail shells) in a fine-grained limestone mud matrix.

The individual marble beds (also known as 'seams'), lie between layers of softer marine clays and mudstone, laid down during repeated marine ingressions. Some of the beds contain iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, such as haematite or limonite, giving red or brown varieties, while other beds contain glauconite giving a green (or occasionally blue) colour.
Occurrence
Purbeck marble is found at outcrop, or beneath superficial cover, all the way across the Isle of Purbeck. The marble beds are never more than 1.2 m thick and are often much thinner. The outcrops lie within the Purbeck Monocline, with the beds dipping moderately steeply to the north.

References 

Carbonate rocks
Dorset
Chagai is the largest district of Pakistan and is on the northwest corner of Balochistan, Pakistan. It forms a triangular internationalised border with Afghanistan and Iran.

Administration
Chagai is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:

 Chagai Tehsil
 Dak Tehsil
 Nokundi Tehsil
 Saindak Tehsil
 Taftan Tehsil

Districts of British India
Killa Abdullah or Qilla Abdullah or Abdullah Qilla () is a district in the northwest of the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Administration of Qilla Abdullah 
 Chaman Tehsil
 Dobandi Tehsil
 Qilla Abdullah Tehsil
 Gulistan Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Barkhan () a district in the north-west of the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
Musakhel Tehsil
Barkhan Tehsil

Other websites 

 Barkhan District  at www.balochistan.gov.pk 
 District Barkhan  at www.balochistanpolice.gov.pk

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Holy Grail is an artifact from Christians beliefs. According to a story, it is the cup or plate used by Jesus at the Last Supper. It was later used to catch his blood when he had to die on the cross.

According to the story, it has special powers. Many stories of the Arthurian Legend are about the Holy Grail. The first to write about it was Chrétien de Troyes. The legend may combine Christian lore with a Celtic myth of a cauldron which has special powers.

The connection of Joseph of Arimathea with the Grail legend dates from Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathie. In the story, Joseph receives the Grail from an apparition of Jesus Christ, and sends it with his followers to Great Britain; building upon this theme, later writers told how Joseph used the Grail to catch Christ's blood while burying him and that in Britain he founded a line of guardians to keep it safe.

A cup that could have been the Holy Grail can be seen in  Valencia Cathedral.
The term "Holy Grail" is often used as a metaphor for something very important or special.

References 

Containers
Christian religious objects
Christian symbols
St George's Chapel is the church at Windsor Castle in England. The chapel is governed by the Dean and Canons of Windsor and is found in the Lower Ward of the castle.

The status of the Abbey is that of a Royal Peculiar. This means it is place of worship that falls directly under the jurisdiction of the British monarch, rather than under a bishop. The concept dates from Anglo-Saxon times, when a church could ally itself with the monarch and therefore not be subject to the bishop of the area. Technically speaking, it is not a cathedral, though it has a similar status. Many Royal weddings and other ceremonies with the British Crown have taken place there.

Other websites 
 Charity Commission website
 Chapel website
 A guide to the chapel

Anglican churches in England

14th-century buildings and structures
The Henry VII Lady Chapel is a Lady chapel at the far eastern end of Westminster Abbey built in the Gothic style. 

The Chapel was built in 1503 by the architect Sir Reginald Bray. Henry VII was buried in the Chapel on his death in 1509 in a tomb designed by the Italian artist Torrigiani.

16th-century buildings and structures‎
Westminster Abbey
Bath Abbey, is an Anglican parish church and an old monastery in Bath, Somerset. Its full name is
the Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath. It was founded in the 7th century, reorganised in the 10th century, and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries. It is one of the finest and largest examples of Gothic architecture (Perpendicular style) in the West of England.

The church is a former Benedictine monastery, and a former cathedral.
Main events 
In 675 Osric, King of the Hwicce, granted the Abbess Berta 100 hides near Bath for the establishment of a convent. This religious house later became a monastery under the patronage of the Bishop of Worcester.
William Rufus granted Bath, Somerset to a royal physician, John of Tours, who became Bishop of Wells and Abbot of Bath. In 1090 he moved his seat from Wells to Bath Abbey, which therefore became a cathedral.
The church became a ruin, and was restored just before the dissolution of the monasteries. Then it was stripped of lead, iron and glass, before being restored again by Elizabeth I.
Restoration from 1860 to the present day has brought the church up to a high standard.
From the 13th century the seat of the bishops has usually been in Wells Cathedral, even though the city of Bath is much larger than Wells. The bishopric has been joined as 'Bath and Wells' since 1245.

Related pages 
Wells Cathedral
Hexham Abbey

Other websites
Other websites 

 Bath Abbey
Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace Bath Abbey Pages – Photos 

Anglican churches‎  in England
Abbeys
Abbey
7th century establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Somerset
16th-century buildings and structures‎
Qilla Saifullah, Killa Saifullah or Saifullah Qilla (fort of Saifullah Khan) is a district in the northwest of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
Killa Saifullah Tehsil
Muslim Bagh Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Loralai is a district in the centre of Balochistan province of Pakistan. Loralai district was created on October, 1903. Loralai town is the district headquarters. Loralai was further partitioned in 1992 when Musakhel and Barkhan were given the status of separate administrative districts.

Districts of British India
Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Musakhel is a district in the northwest of Balochistan province of Pakistan. The Jafri dialect of the Punjabi language is spoken here.

Subdivisions
The district is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:

 Drug Tehsil
 Musakhel Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Zhob () is a district in the northwest of Balochistan province of Pakistan. The Zhob district is a Provincially Administered Tribal Area (PATA). The Zhob district is subdivided into three subdistricts: Zhob, Kakkar and Sherani. The population of Zhob district was estimated to be over 500,000 in 2005. The Zhob River is used for irrigation in the Zhob district.

Tehsils
 Ashwat Tehsil
 Qamar Din Karez Tehsil (Qamardin karaiz)
 Sambaza Tehsil
 Sherani Tehsil
 Zhob

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Jhal Magsi district is in the centre of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Jhal Magsi Tehsil
 Gandawa Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Nushki District is one of the  districts of Balochistan province, Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Dalbandin Tehsil
 Nushki Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Kathua district () is one of 14 administrative districts in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is surrounded by Jammu to the northwest, the Doda District and Udhampur District districts to the north, the state of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Punjab to the south in the Republic of India. Its terrain is diverse, consisting of rich agricultural areas along the Pakistani border, plains sweeping eastward to the foothills of the Himalaya, and a mountainous Pahari region in the east.

Kathua district is divided into 8 blocks:Bani, Barnoti, Basholi, Billawar, Duggan, Ghagwal, Hiranagar, Kathua and Lohai Malhar. It has approximately 587 villages.

The traditional language of Kathua is Dogri.  The Pahari language is prevalent in the mountainous area of the east.  The principal media of education are English, Hindi, and Urdu.

In a Muslim majority state, Kathua, like the Jammu region, is overwhelmingly Hindu, the religion practiced by 91% of its district population.  Another 7% is Muslim, and 2% Sikh.
A relatively safe regional pocket, Kathua was spared the decade-long insurrection sparked by the Khalistan separatist movement in Punjab that ended in the early 1990s, just to its south, and the ongoing Freedom movement in Kashmir Valley farther to the north, beginning in the 1980s.

 Kathua Tehsil
 Hiranagar Tehsil 
 Billawar Tehsil
 Basohli Tehsil

Districts of Jammu and Kashmir
South Tibet () is what the Chinese government names a geographic area that is the focus of border dispute between the Government of India and the China. The area, most of which lies within the Indian region recognised as Arunachal Pradesh, is claimed by both China and India. The people of South Tibet have Tibetan cultural, Tibetan languages/linguistic, and the ethnic ties to the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Gallery

References

Territorial disputes of China
Arunachal Pradesh
Occupied territories
Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed is a 2008 independent documentary movie that is about intelligent design. It has been criticized by some people in the scientific community, especially Richard Dawkins.

References

Other websites 
Official website 

Expelled Exposed 

2008 movies
American documentary movies
Intelligent design
American independent movies
Manorialism (Seigneurialism) is the name for the organization of the economy in the Middle Ages in Europe.  The economy relied mainly on agriculture. Manorialism describes how land was distributed and who profited from the land.

A lord received a piece of land, usually from a higher nobleman, or from the king. When he received the land, he also received all that was on it. That means that most of the people that lived on the land also belonged to the nobleman. The people, called peasants, had to pay to the lord, or they had to work for him. This way, the nobleman could live and support his family from what he received from the peasants. He had also certain legal powers, like that of a police force. The peasants were commoners or subjects and had to pay tribute to the lord. In return they received protection.