Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Botanical Gardens
In 2002, the zoo became a certified Botanical Gardens and the official name of the institution was changed to the Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens. There are 15 different collections around the zoo. They show over 800 different plant species, with a total of over 7,400 individual plants.

Gottlieb Animal Health and Conservation Center
The Gottlieb Animal Health and Conservation Center is in a restricted area of the zoo. Among other features, it includes a state-of-the-art intensive care unit, an on-site commissary, a surgical suite with observation area, and research facilities. In 2007 the facility handled 853 medical cases. The smallest patient treated was a spider tortoise (0.08 kg) and the largest was an Asian elephant (4,826 kg). It is named after Robert and Suzanne Gottlieb.

References

Other websites 

Zoos in the United States
Buildings and structures in Los Angeles
1966 establishments in California
Phil Bronstein (born October 4, 1950) was the executive vice president and editor of the San Francisco Chronicle.

Career
Bronstein's career began as a reporter with KQED-TV in San Francisco. He later moved to the San Francisco Examiner. At the Examiner, Bronstein specialized in investigations and was a foreign correspondent for eight years. He has won awards for his writing about the Philippines from the Overseas Press Club, Associated Press, the World Affairs Council and Media Alliance. He was named executive editor of the Examiner in 1991, having previously served as managing editor for news. Under his service, the Examiner circulation declined rapidly, which Bronstein blamed on the afternoon delivery of the paper.

Bronstein was named executive vice president and editor of the San Francisco Chronicle in March 2003. He had been senior vice president and executive editor of the paper when Hearst Corp. bought The Chronicle.
The newspaper had been selling fewer newspapers each year. In late March 2007, Bronstein called an emergency staff meeting and reportedly stated that the news business "is broken, and no one knows how to fix it." This meeting happened after several weeks of articles focused on the influence of the Internet and the blogosphere made front page headlines in the Chronicle.

On January 23, 2008, Bronstein announced that he was leaving his job as editor of the Chronicle. He became editor-at-large with Hearst Newspapers.

Personal life
He was married to actress Sharon Stone from February 1998 until January 2004.  They adopted a son named Roan. Bronstein married again later. He lives in Mill Valley, CA with his wife and three kids.
In June 2001, he was seriously injured by a Komodo dragon. He entered its cage at the Los Angeles Zoo after being invited in by the dragon's keeper.  Bronstein was bitten on his bare foot. He did not wear shoes because the zoo worker had told him to take them off. The shoes were white could have excited the dragon.

References

Other websitess
Bronstein's Official Hearst Corp. biography page
Transcript: Sharon Stone vs. the Komodo Dragon  from Time.com regarding Bronstein's attack by a Komodo Dragon

Living people
Businesspeople from San Francisco
1951 births
American editors
Daniel Michael "Danny" DeVito, Jr. (born November 17, 1944) is an American actor, comedian and filmmaker. He has starred in and directed a number of movies. DeVito is of Italian descent. He was born in Neptune Township, New Jersey and grew up in Asbury Park, New Jersey.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

1944 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American voice actors
Emmy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winners
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie producers from New Jersey
In ecology, predation describes a relationship and actions between two creatures. A predator catches, attacks, and eats its prey. Predators may or may not kill their prey before eating them. But the act of predation always causes the death of its prey and taking in the prey's body parts into the predators body. A true predator can be thought of as one which both kills and eats another animal, but many animals act as both predator and scavenger.

A predator is an animal that hunts, catches, and eats other animals. For example, a spider eating a fly caught at its web is a predator, or a pack of lions eating a buffalo. The animals that the predator hunts are called prey. Predators mostly do not eat other predators.   It has also been suggested that they know it may transmit disease.  A top predator or apex predator is one that is not the prey of other predators.
Predators are usually carnivores (meat-eaters) or omnivores (eats plants and other animals). Predators will hunt other animals for food. Examples of predators are hawks, eagles, falcons, cats, crocodiles, snakes, raptors, wolves, killer whales, lobsters, lions, and sharks.

Ambush predator

Ambush predators or sit-and-wait predators are carnivorous animals or other organisms, such as some carnivorous plants. They capture or trap prey by stealth or strategy (not conscious strategy), rather than just by speed or strength.

These organisms usually hide quiet and wait for prey to come within striking distance. They often are camouflaged, and may be solitary. This may be safer for the predator, because lying in wait exposes it less to its own predators.
When a predator cannot move faster than its preferred prey, ambushing its prey is likely to be more efficient than pursuit. A predator that can move at high speed for a long time can be a pursuit predator, chasing until its prey tires and slows. There are however many intermediate strategies; for example when a pursuit predator is faster than its prey over a short distance, but not in a long chase, then either stalking or ambushing becomes part of the strategy.

Gallery

Related pages
Prey-predator equations
Hunting

References

Predation
Alecia Beth Moore Hart (born September 8, 1979), known as Pink, is an American singer and actress. She originally performed  R&B music. As of 2012, Pink sold over 40 million records as well as 70 million singles worldwide. She has won 3 Grammys and 1 Brit Award.

Early life 
Alecia Beth Moore was born in Abington, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and raised in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, in Bucks County. Alecia Moore's parents divorced when she was three years old. Alecia Moore was a member of the girl group Choice.

Personal life 
In 2006, Alecia Moore married motocross racer Carey Hart in Costa Rica, after proposing to him at the X Games in Philadelphia, near her childhood hometown of Doylestown. On June 2, 2011, Carey Hart and Alecia Moore had a daughter named Willow Sage Hart. Willow is the first child for both Alecia Moore and Carey Hart. Alecia Moore and Carey Hart then had a son, Jameson Moon Hart, on December 26, 2016.

Discography
Discography

Studio albums 
Can't Take Me Home (2000)
Missundaztood (2001)
Try This (2003)
I'm Not Dead (2006)
Funhouse (2008)
The Truth About Love (2012)
Beautiful Trauma (2017)
Hurts 2B Human (2019)
Trustfall (2023)

Compilations 
 Greatest Hits... So Far!!! (2010)

References 

American R&B singers
American pop singers
American rock singers
American child singers
Jewish American musicians
Brit Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Pennsylvania
1979 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
Since the show started in 1964, there were various songs and arrangements that were used as the show's main theme. Most of these were composed by Merv Griffin. The best known theme song is "Think!". It has served as the countdown music for the Final Jeopardy! round since 1964.

Between 1964 and 1975, a jazz tune called "Take Ten", composed by Julian Griffin, served as the main theme. When the series was revived in 1978, "January, February, March" served as the opening theme, and "Frisco Disco" served as the closing theme, both of which were composed by Merv Griffin himself. "January, February, March" was also used in the first pilot of the syndicated version.
Beginning with the Alex Trebek hosted syndicated version in September 1984, a rendition of "Think!" served as the show's main theme. The original version of the main theme consisted of saxophones and synthesizers along with the original recording of "Think!" retained for the final segment.  A swooshing sound effect was added during the show's introduction.

In 1992, the main theme was remixed to include congas. It was used for tournaments in Season 8, and then it was put permanently into use in Season 9. In 1997, both the main theme and "Think!" music were rearranged by Steve Kaplan. They both involved a more piano-driven, orchestral, jazzy sound.  In 2001, the 1997 theme was rearranged, and its tempo increased.  In 2008, Chris Bell Music & Sound Design overhauled the Jeopardy! music package for the show’s 25th anniversary.  And in 2021, Bleeding Fingers Music rearranged the 2008 theme.

Jeopardy!
The Smithsonian National Zoological Park is one of the oldest zoos in the United States. It is part of the Smithsonian Institution and does not charge admission. It began in 1889 and wants to be a leader in animal care, science, education, sustainability, and visitor experience. It is also called the National Zoo. The Zoo has two campuses. The first is a  urban park in northwest Washington, D.C.. It is 20 minutes from the National Mall by Metro. It offers family fun, excitement and interesting education programs. The other campus is the  Smithsonian Conservation and Research Center (SCBI; formerly known as the Conservation and Research Center) in Front Royal, Virginia. SCBI is not open to the public. It is for training wildlife professionals in conservation biology and to propagating rare species through natural means and assisted reproduction. The National Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).

Altogether, the two facilities contain some 2,000 animals of 400 different species.
History
The National Zoo was created by an Act of Congress in 1889 for “the advancement of science and the instruction and recreation of the people.” In 1890 it became a part of the Smithsonian Institution. Three well-known people planned the Zoo: Samuel Langley, third Secretary of the Smithsonian; William T. Hornaday, a conservationist and head of the Smithsonian's vertebrate division; and Frederick Law Olmsted, a landscape architect. They designed a new zoo to show animals for the public and to serve as a refuge for wildlife, such as bison and beaver, which were rapidly vanishing from North America.

The National Zoo has been the home to giant pandas for more than 30 years. First Hsing Hsing and Ling Ling in 1972, and, since 2000, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian. On July 9, 2005, Mei Xiang gave birth to Tai Shan, who went to China in February 2010.

The zoo is supported by taxes and is open to everyone. About 2 million people visit each year, according to the Washington Post in 2005.
Special programs and events
 Woo at the Zoo
 Earth Day Clean-Up
 Guppy Gala
 Zoofari
 Garden Day
 Brew at the Zoo
 Sunset Serenades
 Fiesta Musical
 Grapes with the Apes
 Autumn Conservation Festival at Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute(SCBI)
 Boo at the Zoo
 Night of the Living Zoo
 Zoolights
 Snore and Roar

Exhibits and animals
Daily programs include animal training, feeding demonstrations, and talks by zoo workers. These are exhibits at the Zoo:
 Fujifilm Giant Panda Habitat: Giant pandas
 Asia Trail: Sloth bears, fishing cats, red pandas, clouded leopards, Asian small-clawed otters, and giant pandas.
 Great Ape House: Geoffroy's marmosets, Golden lion tamarins, Bornean Orangutans, western lowland gorillas, and howler monkeys.
Gibbon Ridge: Siamangs.
Lemur Island: Ring-tailed, and red-fronted lemurs.
 Invertebrate Exhibit: Coral, spiny lobsters, giant African millipedes, tarantulas, and giant Pacific octopuses.
 Amazonia: Arapaima, glass frogs, lemur frogs, pacu, Panamanian golden frogs, river stingrays, red-bellied piranhas, red-tailed catfish, sunbitterns, two-toed sloths, titi monkeys, and poison dart frogs.
 Small Mammal House: Golden lion tamarins, black and rufous giant elephant-shrews, three-banded armadillos, prehensile-tailed porcupines, naked mole rats, treeshrews, and collared peccaries.
 Lion/Tiger Hill
 Bird House
Bird House
 Kids’ Farm
 Seals and Sea Lions Exhibit
 Valley Trail
References

Other websites

 Smithsonian National Zoological Park
 Association of Zoos and Aquariums site
 Links to WebCams at the National Zoo.

Zoos in the United States
Smithsonian Institution
National Register of Historic Places
1889 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
The Avoca River drains a large area of western and central Victoria, Australia. It is 270 kilometres from its beginnings near Amphitheatre to Lake Bael Bael. It flows through several towns including Avoca, Bealiba, Charlton and Culgoa. It is not a deep river, most of it is less than 2m, but there are some deeper pools near Logan. There are 13 creeks which flow into the Avoca River. The river carries varying amounts of water, and in summer can stop flowing for several months. At other times it can flood. In January 2010 the river flooded and covered about 80% of the town of Charlton. The roads into the town were cut and emergency food supplies had to be brought in by helicopter. The town of Culgoa was also flooded.

References

Rivers of Victoria (Australia)
Thomas Spencer Monson (August 21, 1927 – January 2, 2018) was an American religious leader and writer. On February 3, 2008, he became the sixteenth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, after the death of Gordon B. Hinckley. He was appointed on the basis of seniority following the death of the previous president. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Monson was made an apostle at age 36. He was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles until he became the President of the Church. As president of the church, Monson is said to be a prophet, seer, and revelator of God's will. Monson spent most of his time engaged in various church leadership positions and in public service.
He received three honorary doctorates. He was Chairman of the Church Boards of Trustees/Education of the Church Educational System. He was appointed by Ronald Reagan to the President's Task Force for Private Sector Initiatives. Monson received the Boy Scouts of America's Silver Buffalo and the World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf—both awards. Both awards are the highest given in each organization.

Monson died in Salt Lake City on January 2, 2018 at the age of 90. He was replaced by Russell M. Nelson.
Early life 
Monson was born on August 21, 1927 in Salt Lake City, Utah. His Father was George Spencer Monson (1901–1979) and his mother was Gladys Condie Monson (1902–1973). Nels Monson was his Swedish grandfather. Nels Monson was born in Torhamn, Sweden and moved to Utah at the age of 16. Thomas S. Monson was the second of six children. He grew up in a close family. Many of his mother's family lived on the same street. Aunts, uncles, and cousins frequently vacationed together. The family's neighborhood had many families from Mexico. Monson said he developed a love for the Mexican people and culture. Monson often spent weekends with family on their farms in Granger (now part of West Valley City).  Monson's father owned a printing business. Monson worked there when he was a teenager.
From 1940 to 1944, Monson attended West High School in Salt Lake City. In 1944, he started going to the University of Utah. While Monson was at school he met his future wife, Frances. Frances's family came from a higher social class on the east side of the city. Her father, Franz Johnson, was excited to meet Thomas. He knew Monson's great uncle, Elias Monson. Elias had baptized Franz into the LDS Church in Sweden.

References

1927 births
2018 deaths
American Latter Day Saint leaders
American Christian writers
Writers from Salt Lake City, Utah
Alter Bridge is an American hard rock band from Orlando, Florida that was formed in 2004. It was formed by the then-former members of Creed. Alter Bridge has received relatively low mainstream success in the United States. They have released 3 studio albums and one live album. They released their latest album AB III which has received critical acclaim among critics.

Alter Bridge has been influenced by bands such as Led Zeppelin, Rush, and Tool. Alter Bridge's vocalist, Myles Kennedy is also known for his work with Slash. He is currently touring with Slash as the lead singer of his band. As of January 2011, Alter Bridge's most successful song is "Isolation" from their album "AB III". WWE Hall of Famer Edge used their song "Metalingus" as his theme song from November 1, 2001 to April 23, 2012. The band also appeared on WWE Raw during a backstage segment with Edge in 2005.

Discography
 One Day Remains (2004)
 Blackbird (2007)
 AB III (2010)
Fortress (2013)
 The Last Hero (2016)
 Walk the Sky (2019)
 Pawns & Kings (2022)

Other websites
 
 
 

2000s music groups
2010s music groups
2004 establishments in Florida
Alternative metal bands
American hard rock bands
American heavy metal bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Orlando, Florida
Musical groups established in 2004
Manila Sound is a type of music that started in Manila, Philippines, from the last years of the 1960s to the middle of the 1970s. It is commonly known as the "bright side" of the time of President Ferdinand Marcos because of its cheerful words and was often used in protest to his dictatorship. 

This music type has affected all modern music types in the country as the beginner of Original Pilipino Music (OPM).

Music type
Manila Sound was made famous by a folk rock band called Hotdog. Their songs: "Ikaw Ang Miss Universe Ng Buhay Ko" (or "You Are the Miss Universe Of My Life"), "'Manila'", and "Beh Buti Nga"; had catchy melody phrases common to the music type. Later, the singer-songwriter, Freddy Aguilar, used the music type with his music to express the suffering of the people. His song, Bayan Ko, was popular in protests.

The music type is a mix of Filipino folk music and rock music added with some funk, light jazz, and disco, and is sung in both Tagalog and English languages.
The lyrics are childlike and often humorous caused by the disco fever in that period and in contrast to the oppression by Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. It is sometimes described as "the marshmallow sound".

Music-makers

Singers and bands
APO Hiking Society
Asin
Florante
Hagibis
Hotdog
Rey Valera
Rico J. Puno
Sharon Cuneta
Sampaguita
Soul Jugglers
The Boyfriends
VST and Company

Music companies
Alpha Records
Vicor Music Philippines
Blackgold Record
Sunshine Records
Villar Records

Songs
Manila
Anak
Beh Buti Nga
Ikaw Ang Miss Universe Ng Buhay Ko
Kay Ganda Ng Ating Musika

Sources

Filipino culture
Imelda Marcos (born Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez on July 2, 1929) is a Filipino government person and widow of 10th Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. Her nicknames are Steel Butterfly and Iron Butterfly. Her son, Bongbong Marcos, is the President of the Philippines since 2022.

She is remembered both for her husband's presidential time, and because of her collection of 1,060 pairs of shoes. In 2001, Imelda opened the Marikina City Footwear Museum in the shoe-making district of Manila. The museum includes hundreds of her own shoes.

On 9 November 2018, Marcos was convicted and sentenced to 77 years in prison on corruption charges in a court proceeding that lasted twenty-seven years.
First lady
More than five years after her husband became president, he stopped elections and gained more control. He stopped all that challenged him by scaring them. Imelda also gained power and became a government person up to 1986 when her husband's president time ended after the people removed him from power using peaceful actions.

Later life
They went to Hawaii and her husband died there. Imelda came back five years later to try to become president but lost. Later, she tried other government jobs and won in two areas as a member representing them in the Philippines law-making building. Imelda has represented three areas (Manila, Leyte, Ilocos Norte) in the Philippines law-making building.

Sources

1929 births
Living people
Politicians from Manila
Filipino Roman Catholics
First Ladies and First Gentlemen of the Philippines
Government ministers
Liver failure or Hepatic failure is when the liver is no longer able to work. Things the liver does include making proteins. Liver failure can either be acute or chronic.

Related pages
Alcoholism
Paracetamol

Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Organ failure
Goodbye Lullaby is the fourth studio album by Canadian Avril Lavigne. It was released on March 2, 2011 through RCA Records. Her first single off the album was "What the Hell" which was released on January 10, 2011. The second single, "Smile", was released on April 11, 2011. The album is a lot more personal and softer than her three previous albums, Let Go, Under My Skin and The Best Damn Thing.

References

Avril Lavigne albums
2011 albums
RCA Records albums
The Battle of Fort Blair (also known as the Battle of Fort Baxter) was a Civil War battle. It was fought in Cherokee County, Kansas, on October 6, 1863. The Union lost 103 peoples, while the Confederate States of America only lost three.

1860s in Kansas
Fort Blair
1863 in the United States
October events
Massacres of the American Civil War
Olivença (Spanish: Olivenza) is a territory disputed by Portugal and Spain. The territory was under Portuguese rule between 1297 (Treaty of Alcañices) and 1801. Then, it was occupied and ruled by Spain. After the Napoleonic Wars, Spain promised to give Olivença back to Portugal. It still has not done this to this day.

Portugal does not recognize the Spanish rule of the Olivença/Olivenza territory. Therefore, the border between Portugal and Spain in the Olivença/Olivenza region has never been defined.

Olivença/Olivenza territory is 750 Km2 in area. 

Besides the town, the territory of Olivença/Olivenza includes seven villages:

S. Francisco,
S. Rafael,
Vila Real / Villareal,
S. Domingos de Gusmão / Santo Domingo de Guzmán,
S. Bento da Contenda / San Benito de la Contienda,
S. Jorge de Alor and
Táliga.

Territorial disputes
Lampreys are jawless fish, whose adults are characterized by a toothed, funnel-like, sucking mouth. Lampreys belong to the order Petromyzontiformes. They live in coastal and fresh waters, and are found in temperate regions around the world.

Description 
Lampreys are eel-like, scaleless animals. They range from about 15 to 100 centimetres (6 to 40 inches) long. They have well-developed eyes, one or two dorsal fins, a tail fin, a single nostril on top of the head, and seven gill openings on each side of the body. Like the hagfish, they lack bones, jaws, and paired fins. The skeleton of a lamprey consists of cartilage; the mouth is a round, sucking hole with horny teeth.

Agnatha
Nathaniel "Nat" Turner (October 2, 1800 – November 11, 1831) was an American slave and Christian preacher.

He believed God gave him visions. When he was 21 years old, Nat Turner escaped from his master Samuel Turner following in his father's footsteps  and hid in the woods. 30 days later he had a vision telling him to "return  Turner thought an eclipse in February 1831 was a sign from God to plan a slave rebellion. The rebellion happened in Southampton County, Virginia on August 21, 1831. He wasn’t that far from the North Carolina border. Seventy black people took part. Some of these people were free, and others were slaves. After Turner and his fellow slaves killed his master and his family, they took their horses, firearms, hatchets and knives; and continued on with their liberation.
The Governor had scheduled about three thousand militiamen to stop the rebellion. The violent rebellion lasted two days until soldiers finally ended it, but Turner escaped. He hid for 6 weeks to avoid being killed.  He was found on October 30. Turner was executed on November 11 by hanging. He was skinned. At least 55 white people were killed in the rebellion. The state executed 55 people, but acquitted a few. 200 black people were killed by groups of white people. Slaves as far away as North Carolina were said to be connected with the rebellion. Many were tried and executed. Because of the rebellion, new laws were made in Virginia. People could not bring black people together to teach them how to read and write. Nat Turner was an American Hero

References

Slaves
People from Virginia
1800 births
1831 deaths
American Baptists
American abolitionists
American people convicted of murder
American revolutionaries
Executed American people
People executed by hanging
Slave rebellions
Royal Rumble (2011) was the twenty-fourth annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on January 30, 2011 at the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. As always, the Royal Rumble match winner, Alberto Del Rio got a main event match at WrestleMania XXVII for his choice at either the WWE Championship or the World Heavyweight Championship.

Six professional wrestling matches were on the event's supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. The main event was the 40-man Royal Rumble match instead of the original 30-man match which featured wrestlers from both brands.

Matches

Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations
Red ██ and "Raw" indicates a Raw wrestler, blue ██ and "SD" indicates a Smackdown wrestler and gold ██ and "FA" indicates a free agent entrant. A new entrant came out every 90 seconds.

Other websites

Royal Rumble
2011 in professional wrestling
2011 in American television
2010s in Boston
January 2011 events
Princess Royal is a title often given by the reigning British King or Queen to his or her eldest daughter. The title is a gift of the monarch, unlike Prince of Wales which is always given to the eldest son

There can only be one Princess Royal at a time, so Elizabeth II never held the title because her aunt, Princess Mary was already called Princess Royal.

List of Princesses Royal

The following is a full list of women officially called  "Princess Royal":

Princess Louisa Maria (1692–1712), the last daughter of King James II (d. 1701), was born after he lost his crown in the Glorious Revolution.  She was given the title of Princess Royal during James's exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and was so called by Jacobites, even though she was never even James's eldest living daughter.

Eldest daughters of English sovereigns
Before Charles II in 1660 started using the title of Princess Royal, the eldest daughters of the King of England had a special status.  The Magna Carta made the Barons to pay for the eldest daughter's wedding, and later sleeping with her was made High Treason, punishable by death - a law only changed in 1998

List of Eldest daughters of English sovereigns

References
Common Sense is a pamphlet (short book) written by Thomas Paine.  It was first published on January 10, 1776.  Paine wrote the pamphlet to change the minds of people who wanted to peacefully settle their differences with the British government to fight for independence instead. 

The pamphlet said that the British government and other European monarchies were tyrannical, meaning they did not acknowledge the rights of people. Paine called the pamphlet Common Sense because he wrote that it was against common sense for an island to rule a larger nation.  Therefore, the colonies should overthrow the British government.

The pamphlet was one of the bestselling works of the 18th century in America.  Thomas Paine wrote in a style that was easy for most people to understand, instead of the hard to understand writing common in the Enlightenment Era.  He also referenced the Bible and used idioms that many of the Protestant colonists understood.
The document was an important part of the American Revolutionary War.  It lead to the Declaration of Independence, which the Second Continental Congress wrote and signed into law later that year.  Common Sense helped by creating mass support.
and it was published in 1776

American Revolutionary War
1776
1770s books
{{Infobox television|
| image                    = Jeopardy!_logo.png
| caption                  = Jeopardy! logo
| genre                    = Game show
| creator                  = Merv Griffin
| director                 = 
| presenter                = 
| end_theme                = "Think!"
| country                  = United States
| language                 = English
| num_seasons              = 39
| num_episodes             = over 8,000
| executive_producer       = 
| runtime                  = 22-26 minutes
| location                 = Alex Trebek Stage (formerly Stage 10)Sony Pictures Studios, Culver City
| company                  = 
| distributor              = King World Productions (1984-2007)CBS Media Ventures (2007-present)
| network                  = NBC (1964-1979)Syndication (1974-1975, 1984-present)
| first_aired              = 
| last_aired               = present
| related                  = {{Plainlist|
 Jep!
 Rock & Roll Jeopardy! Sports Jeopardy! Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time}}
| show_name                = 
}}Jeopardy! is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show first appeared on NBC, where it was hosted by Art Fleming from March 30, 1964 to January 3, 1975 and again from October 2, 1978 to March 2, 1979. Beginning Sony Pictures Television on September 10, 1984 and continuing into the present, the show is in syndicated format and was hosted by Alex Trebek from 1984 until his death in 2020. Versions of the show have been made in many foreign countries throughout the world. The current hosts of the show are Ken Jennings and Mayim Bialik.
Since the syndicated version premiered, the show has won the most Emmy Awards of any game show on daytime television. In 2001 & 2012, TV Guide named it the second-best game show of all time. The 38th season of the syndicated version premiered on September 13, 2021.
Unlike regular trivia games, the questions are given as clues, and players come up with questions as an answer. For example, a clue would be "one of our Founding Fathers, he was our first president", and the correct response would be "who is George Washington?".  The game of Jeopardy! consists of three rounds: the Jeopardy! round, the Double Jeopardy! round, and the Final Jeopardy! round. In the Jeopardy! round, there are six categories with five clues in each, each worth between $200 to $1,000.  One of the clues is a Daily Double, in which a contestant may wager up to $1,000 or the amount of his or her cash winnings, depending on which is more. The Double Jeopardy! round is like the Jeopardy! round, but the clues are worth double the amount. In this round there are two Daily Doubles instead of one. The Final Jeopardy! round is made up of just one category and one clue. Only players with more than $0 after the Double Jeopardy! round may play the Final Jeopardy! round
. During the commercial break, players write their wagers based on their knowledge of the given category. After the commercial break, the host reads the clue. The players have 30 seconds to write their answers, again in the form of a question. During this time the lights dim, and the "Think!" theme plays in the background.  The player with the most money at the end of the game keeps his or her winnings and comes back to the next show.  Second-place players get a $2,000 cash prize, and third place players get a $1,000 cash prize.
Record holders 
Brad Rutter is the biggest money winner on the show, having won $4,688,436 in five regular episodes and several tournaments.  Ken Jennings won 74 games, which is the longest winning streak.  James Holzhauer holds the top sixteen spots for the highest winnings in a single game in regular play.

 Theme music 
Since the show started in 1964, there were various songs and arrangements that were used as the show's main theme. Most of these were composed by Merv Griffin. The best known theme song is "Think!". It has served as the countdown music for the Final Jeopardy! round since 1964.

Between 1964 and 1975, a jazz tune called "Take Ten", composed by Julian Griffin, served as the main theme. When the series was revived in 1978, "January, February, March" served as the opening theme, and "Frisco Disco" served as the closing theme, both of which were composed by Merv Griffin himself. "January, February, March" was also used in the first pilot of the syndicated version.
Beginning with the Alex Trebek hosted syndicated version in September 1984, a rendition of "Think!" served as the show's main theme. The original version of the main theme consisted of saxophones and synthesizers along with the original recording of "Think!" retained for the final segment.  A swooshing sound effect was added during the show's introduction.

In 1992, the main theme was remixed to include congas. It was used for tournaments in Season 8, and then it was put permanently into use in Season 9. In 1997, both the main theme and "Think!" music were rearranged by Steve Kaplan. They both involved a more piano-driven, orchestral, jazzy sound.  In 2001, the 1997 theme was rearranged, and its tempo increased.  In 2008, Chris Bell Music & Sound Design overhauled the Jeopardy! music package for the show’s 25th anniversary.  And in 2021, Bleeding Fingers Music rearranged the 2008 theme.
Set
Like the theme music, the Jeopardy! set changed over the years. The original game board was exposed behind a curtain. The clues were printed on clue cards, which were shown as a player asked for a certain clue and its value. In 1978, the cards were dropped in favor of flipping panels which had the dollar value on one side and the clue on the other. Also, the curtain was changed to double-slide panels. When the show came back in 1984, the game board was changed again.  This time it was made up of 30 television screens for each clue in the categories. In 1991, the original screens were changed to larger screens. In 2006, the screens were changed to a projection video wall.  Then in 2009, the video wall was changed to 36 HD flat-panel screens.
Other changes to the set have been made since the start of the syndicated version. Starting in 1985 and continuing until 1997, the sets were designed to have a blue background for the Jeopardy! round and a red background for the Double Jeopardy! and Final Jeopardy! rounds; however, starting in 2005 and continuing into the present, the background color changes to red when the lights dim during Final Jeopardy! In November 1996, two months after the start of Season 13, a new set designed by Naomi Slodki was brought in. In November 2002, another new set designed by Slodki was brought in. This set was slightly changed in 2006 when Jeopardy!'' started airing in high-definition.
A new set came out with the Tournament of Champions and Celebrity Jeopardy! taped in 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada. It became the main set at the start of Season 26 in 2009.  Another new set was brought in at the start of Season 30 in 2013.  It was slightly modified in 2020 to accommodate health measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Notes

References

1964 television series debuts
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
First run syndicated television programs
Jeopardy!
NBC network shows
Television quiz shows
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs
Alexander Calder (July, 22,1898 – November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor. He lived in Philadelphia, in the United States. He invented the mobile. Mobiles are a kind of sculpture where the pieces are moved by motors or the wind. Mobiles are a kind of kinetic sculpture. He also made sculptures that did not move that were called "stabiles."

Gallery

Sources 

1898 births
1976 deaths

American sculptors
Electron affinity is a phrase used in chemistry.  When an atom that is neutral gets an electron, the energy that is changed in the atom is the electron affinity. Across a period, the electron affinity increases.

References 

Chemistry
Oleh Fedorovych "Oleg" Tverdovsky (; born May 18, 1976), was a Ukrainian-Russian  professional ice hockey defenceman that played for Salavat Yulaev Ufa of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He also played for the Los Angeles Kings, Carolina Hurricanes, New Jersey Devils, Phoenix Coyotes, Winnipeg Jets, and Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Awards and achievements
1996–97 NHL All-Star
2002–03 NHL Stanley Cup  (New Jersey Devils)
2005–06 NHL Stanley Cup  (Carolina Hurricanes)
2007–08 RSL Champion of Russia (Salavat Yulaev Ufa)

Career statistics

International play

Played for Russia in:

1994 -World Junior Championships (Bronze Medal)
1996 -World Championships
1996 -World Cup of Hockey
2001 -World Championships
2002 -Winter Olympics (bronze medal)
2004 -World Championships
2004 -World Cup of Hockey
2009 -World Championships (Gold Medal)
2010 -Winter Olympics (*reserve)

International statistics

References

Other websites
Other websites

1976 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Manchester Monarchs (AHL) players
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
New Jersey Devils players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Russian ice hockey defencemen
Stanley Cup champions
Russian Olympic bronze medalists
Ukrainian ice hockey players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–96) players
Ice hockey defencemen
Anton Anatoliiovych Babchuk (; born May 6, 1984) is a Ukrainian-Russian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Playing career
Originally from Kiev, Ukraine, Babchuk began playing hockey at the age of three. He began his training with the Sokil Kyiv junior hockey affiliate, a team which included fellow future Ukrainian NHLer Nikolai Zherdev. While participating in an overseas peewee tournament in Quebec, Canada, Babchuk's team found itself competing against a team from Elektrostal, Russia. The rival team's coach, Ravil Iskakhov, took note of both Babchuk and Zherdev, and invited the pair to further their development with the Elemash Elektrostal hockey club of the Russian Major League, to which they accepted together.
He was drafted into the National Hockey League (NHL) 21st overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2002 Entry Draft. Babchuk made his North American debut with the Blackhawks affiliate, the Norfolk Admirals of the American Hockey League (AHL), in the 2003–04 season. Babchuk also made his NHL debut by seasons end, appearing in five games with the Blackhawks.

In the 2005–06 season, Babchuk was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes for Danny Richmond on January 20, 2006. Babchuk scored his first goal for the Hurricanes on January 28, 2006. He was also named second star of the game. Babchuk played in 22 games with the Hurricanes for the season and was a part of the extended squad of the Hurricanes as they became the Stanley Cup Champions.
On July 1, 2008, Babchuk re-signed with the Hurricanes to a one-year contract for the 2008–09 season. He led all Hurricanes' defensemen with 16 goals in 72 games. Following a contract dispute that lead to him requesting a trade out of Carolina, Babchuk turned back to Russia on 19 September 2009, re-signing with Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) club Avangard Omsk. During the very first training day in Omsk, he broke the ice rink glass with a shot at Arena Omsk.
Babchuk was chosen to play on Team Yashin at the 2nd Kontinental Hockey League All-Star Game.

On July 1, 2010, Babchuk again re-signed with the Carolina Hurricanes to a one-year contract for the 2010-2011 season. This contract was worth 1.4 million US dollars.

On November 17, 2010, Babchuk was traded along with Tom Kostopoulos to the Calgary Flames for Ian White and Brett Sutter.

Career statistics
Career statistics

International play
Played for Russia in:
2000: 4 Nations Tournament
2000: 5 Nations Tournament
2002: U18 World Junior Championships
2002: 4 Nations Tournament

International statistics

References

Other websites

1984 births
Living people
Albany River Rats players
Calgary Flames players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Lowell Lock Monsters players
Norfolk Admirals players
Russian ice hockey defencemen
Sportspeople from Kyiv
Stanley Cup champions
Ukrainian ice hockey players
Ice hockey defencemen
American Hockey League players
Carlos Irwin Estévez (born September 3, 1965), better known by his stage name Charlie Sheen, is an American actor in movies and television. He starred in television show Two and a Half Men. Sheen had a cameo appearance in Ferris Bueller's Day Off. In 2010, Sheen was the highest paid actor on television and earned US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men.

Personal life

Family and relationships
Sheen has been married three times. He has five children. His first daughter, Cassandra Jade Estevez, was born on December 12, 1984. Her mother is his former high school girlfriend, Paula Profit.

In January 1990, Sheen accidentally shot his fiancee, Kelly Preston, in the arm. She broke off the engagement soon after.

In the 1990s, Sheen dated a number of adult movie actresses, including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter.

On September 3, 1995, Sheen married Donna Peele. That same year, Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency run by Heidi Fleiss. Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996.
On June 15, 2002, Sheen married actress Denise Richards. They have two daughters, Sam and Lola Sheen. In March 2005, Richards filed for divorce.  She accused Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence. 

On May 30, 2008, Sheen married Brooke Mueller. She later gave birth to their twin sons, Bob and Max. In November 2010, Sheen filed for divorce. On March 1, 2011, police removed Bob and Max from Sheen's home. 

On March 1, 2011, Sheen was living with two women, pornographic actress Rachel Oberlin and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly. He called them his "goddesses". Oberlin left Sheen in April 2011. Kenly left in June 2011.

Substance abuse and legal issues
On May 20, 1998, Sheen was overdosed while using cocaine. He was hospitalized. Sheen was already on probation in California for a previous drug offense. His probation was extended for an extra year. He entered a rehab clinic. In a 2004 interview, Sheen said that the overdose was caused by his experimentation with injecting cocaine.
On December 25, 2009, Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife, Brooke Mueller in Aspen, Colorado. He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond. Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center, 30 days of probation, and 36 hours of anger management.

On October 26, 2010, the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage. According to the NYPD, Sheen said he was drinking and using cocaine on that night. He was released after entering a hospital for observation.

Health
On November 16, 2015, it was revealed that Sheen would make a formal announcement through a television interview that he is officially HIV-positive. He said he was diagnosed four years earlier.

Filmography

Movies

Television

References

Other websites

Charlie Sheen's Twitter
1965 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American people convicted of assault
American television actors
American voice actors
People with HIV/AIDS
Republicans (United States)
The Stuarts who claimed the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 were:  

When Henry died, the succession passed to a different house, and none of the Jacobite heirs since has claimed the thrones of England or Scotland or put the arms of England and Scotland in their coats-of-arms.

House of Savoy 

House of Savoy
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia was a descendant of  Charles I through his youngest daughter Henrietta Anne. Her daughter Anne Marie of Orléans married Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, and Charles IV was great-grandson of Queen Anne Marie in the male line.

House of Austria-Este

House of Wittelsbach
Future descent after the Duke of Bavaria
The heir presumptive of Franz, Duke of Bavaria, is his younger brother
 Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria.  Then his daughter
 Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein,  and then her eldest son
 Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein, born 24 May 1995 in London.  The first heir in the Jacobite line born in the British Isles since James III and VIII, The Old Pretender in 1688.

References

British monarchy
Jacobitism
House of Savoy
House of Wittelsbach
Taiwan is a medium-sized chain of islands in East Asia at 23°30" N, 121°00" E .  It runs through the Tropic of Cancer.  Also known as Formosa, it makes up most of the territories of the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan).

Formation 
The island of Formosa (or Taiwan) was formed about 4.5 million years ago from a Geosyncline.  It is part of an island arc. It was formed when the Eurasian Plate slid under an old chain of volcanic islands in the Philippine Mobile Belt. At the northern end of the island, the Philippine Mobile Belt sank under the Eurasian Plate.

Physical boundaries
The main island makes up 99% of the Republic of China.  The other 1% is made up of smaller islands like Orchard Island and the Penghu Islands, along with far smaller islands. The chain is separated from mainland China by the Taiwan Strait which is 220 kilometers long.
Climate and terrain
The climate on the island is mostly ocean-like and changes very widely.  The south end of the island is humid (very watery) During the summer, typhoons are very common.  Most of the time, there are four each year.  

The terrain of the island changes a lot.  In the west, plains and grasslands are common.  90% of the population lives in the west.  The highest point on Formosa is Jade Mountain at 3951.798 meters tall in the year 2003.  

In the east of the island is mountainous terrain with thick forests and endemic (native-only) types of plants and animals such as the Formasan Black Bear and the Formosan Cypress. Many of these species are now endangered or extinct.

Major mountain ranges
There are many mountain ranges on the island of Formosa.  
Central Mountain Range (中央山脈)- The Central Mountain Range connects Su-ao in the north of the island to Eluanbi in the south of the  island.  These mountains are made mostly of hard rock formations with are very slowly worn away.  These mountains are very rugged and hard to climb.  They range from 120 to 1200 meters (3,937 feet)
Xueshan Range (雪山山脈)- The Syue Mountain Range is northwest of the Central Mountain Range.  It starts at Sandiaojiao  in the northwest.  It gets taller as it goes southwest.  Its highest point is Syue Mountain, at 3,886 m (12,749 ft) high.
Yushan Range (玉山山脈)- The Yushan mountain range runs along the southwestern side of the Central Mountain Range. It includes Jade Mountain.
Alishan Mountain Range (阿里山山脈)- The Alishan Range is west of the Yushan Range.  It ranges from 1,000 meters and 2,000 meters (6,562 ft). Its highest peak is Data Mountain which is 2,663 meter (8,737 ft).
Haian Mountain Range (海岸山脈)- The East Coast Mountain Range goes north from the Hualien Range to  Taitung County in the south.  Most of the range is tall hills.  There are many streams that run through the mountain, but there is one large river.
Natural resources
The few natural resources are gold, copper, coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos.  The island is 55% forest, 24% farmable lands, 15% miscellaneous, 5% pastures, and 1% crops.

Natural hazards
Earthquakes are the main natural hazards (problems).  More than 2,000 people have died from earthquakes.  The main environmental problems are air pollution and water pollution.

Maps of Taiwan

Geography of Taiwan