Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
William Randolph Cosentini (June 12, 1911 - January 28, 1954) was an American mechanical engineer and businessman. He founded Cosentini Associates.

Biography

Cosentini was born in 1911 to Italian immigrant parents, Eugenio and Vincenza Cosentini. He had an older brother, John (born 1909) and a younger sister, Mary (born 1913).

Cosentini attended New York University. There he earned his M.A. degree in mechanical engineering. In 1944, he married Rose DeStefano. They had two children together. Rose died in 1947 at 36 years of age.

In 1951, he started W.R. Cosentini & Associates. The company later became known as Cosentini Associates. In the early days of the company, he worked on several notable projects. Those included installing the heating and air conditioning system in the Chrysler Building.

Cosentini died of appendicitis on January 28, 1954 at 42 years of age.

References

Other websites
http://www.acutherm.com/media/docs/DevNewYork_Cosentini.pdf 
http://www.cosentini.com
1911 births
1954 deaths
Engineers from New York (state)
Businesspeople from New York City
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Deaths from appendicitis
Saint Genevieve is a saint in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox tradition. She is the patron saint of Paris. Her feast day is kept on January the 3rd.

In 451 she led a "prayer marathon" in Paris that was said to divert Attila's Huns away from the city. In 464 Childeric I besieged the city and conquered it. She negotiated to collect food and convinced Childeric to release his prisoners.

Clovis I founded an abbey where Genevieve could minister. She was later buried there. The church witnessed numerous miracles at her tomb. Genevieve was canonised.

References

Christian saints
5th-century births
6th-century deaths
French Roman Catholics
Arthur E. Chase (February 4, 1930 – January 5, 2015) was an American businessman and politician. He represented the Worcester District in the Massachusetts Senate from 1991–1995.  He co-founded the Central Massachusetts Legislative Caucus. In 1991 he designed the Massachusetts Academy of Math and Science at WPI and in 1992 sponsored legislation to create it. He was the Republican nominee for Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1994, but lost in the general election to William F. Galvin.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Politicians from Massachusetts
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Slobodan Martinovic (25 July 1945 – 10 January 2015) was a Serbian chess Grandmaster. He began in 1963, and played until his death in 2015.

Martinović played 269 master games that were tracked by FIDE. Of them, 83 (31%) he won, 157 (58%) were draws, and 29 (11%) he lost.

References

1945 births
2015 deaths
Serbian chess players
Chess grandmasters
Yugoslavian chess players
Sir Jack Arnold Hayward  (14 June 1923 – 13 January 2015) was an English businessman, property developer, and philanthropist. He was the president of football club Wolverhampton Wanderers from 1990 until 2007.

Hayward was born in Wolverhampton. He married Jean Mary Forder in 1948 and had two sons, Rick and Jonathan, and a daughter Susan.

Hayward died on 13 January 2015 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. He was 91.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
English businesspeople
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Wolverhampton
English philanthropists
Double Dare is an American television game show. It was produced by Mark Goodson—Bill Todman Productions and ran from 1976 to 1977 on CBS. Alex Trebek was the host. Johnny Olson and later Gene Wood were the announcers.

Format 
Two contestants (players) would compete in a game of knowledge. One was a returning winner from a previous game, the other a new challenger. A contestant was given the chance to answer the question and win money. Or, they could challenge the other contestant to answer the question. If the second contestant answered the question correctly, he or she won the money. If answered incorrectly, the first contestant got double the money. Questions were answered from an isolation booth.

References 

Viacom
Television game shows
Zhang Wannian (; August 1928 – January 14, 2015) was a Chinese general. He was born in Longkou, Shandong, China. 

He was a deputy to CPC's 9th National Congress, and an alternative member of 12th and 13th CPC's central committee. He became an alternate member of the 12th and 13th and a member of the 14th and 15th CPC's Central Committees, and a Politburo member and Secretary of the Secretariat in 15th central committee.

He was promoted to lieutenant general in September 1988, and to general in June 1993. He retired in 2003.

Wannain died in Beijing, China, aged 86.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
Chinese communist politicians
Chinese generals
Robert E. White (September 21, 1926 – January 13, 2015) was an American career diplomat. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Paraguay from 1977 until 1980 and to El Salvador from 1980 until 1981. He later became president of the Center for International Policy.

White was born in Melrose, Massachusetts. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946. He was married to Mary-Anne White and had five grown children.

White died on January 13, 2015 in Arlington, Virginia from prostate and bladder cancer, aged 88.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from bladder cancer
Ambassadors of the United States
Military people from Massachusetts
Politicians from Massachusetts
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) is a 2014 black comedy-drama movie directed, produced, and written by Alejandro González Iñárritu. It stars Michael Keaton, Zach Galifianakis, Edward Norton, Emma Stone, Amy Ryan, Andrea Riseborough, Lindsay Duncan, and Naomi Watts. It was released for a limited time on October 17, 2014. It received very positive reviews. The movie won the Academy Award for Best Picture, along with Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Cinematography from a total of nine nominations, tying it with The Grand Budapest Hotel for the most nominated and awarded movie at the Academy's 87th annual awards ceremony with four wins per movie.

Release dates 

Academy Award winning movies
2014 comedy-drama movies
2010s black comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American black comedy movies
Movies set in New York City
Movies directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu
William Robert "Bob" Boyd (June 7, 1930 - January 14, 2015) was an American former collegiate man's basketball coach. He was head coach at Seattle University, the University of Southern California (USC) and Mississippi State University.

Boyd died of natural causes in Palm Desert, California, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in California
Sportspeople from California
Johannes de Villiers Graaff (also known as Jan de Van Graaff or Jannie Graaff; 19 February 1928 – 6 January 2015) was a South African neoclassical welfare economist. He was a former chairman of Nedbank.  Graaff was known for his work on optimal savings rates and contributions to the creation of the social welfare function.

Graaff graduated from the University of Cape Town and then went on to complete his PhD in economics at St John's College, Cambridge in 1950.

On 30 June 1951, he married Lillian Clare Thomson, daughter of Sir George Paget Thomson. They had six children.

He was the youngest son of Sir David Graaff, 1st Baronet. His eldest brother is Sir De Villiers Graaff, 2nd Baronet.

Graaff was one of South Africa's most active and accomplished mountaineers, pioneering mountain climbing routes in East Africa and the Himalayas.

He died on the 6 January 2015 in Kenilworth, Cape Town, aged 86.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 The History of Economic Thought – Jan de Van Graaff homepage 
 Theoretical Welfare Economics: A Comment, M. W. Reder, 5 MAY 2007

1928 births
2015 deaths
Afrikaner people
Economists
People from Cape Town
South African scientists
South African writers
A spire is a tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, particularly a church tower. Etymologically, the word comes from the Old English word spir, meaning a sprout, shoot, or stalk of grass.

Symbolically, spires have two effects. One is to show strength and power. A spire, with its spear point, gives the impression of strength. The other is to reach up toward the skies as a religious gesture. This is one reason for its association with religious buildings, and a similar reason has been given for the large pyramids in Egypt and early American civilisations. However, the tallest spires today are secular places of business or hotels, such as The Shard.

As an architectural ornament, spires are most often found on Christian churches.

References 

Architectural elements
Harold Trevor Colbourn (24 February 1927 – 13 January 2015) was an Australian professor and academic administrator. He was the second President of the University of Central Florida (formerly named Florida Technological University) from 1978 until 1989.

Colbourn was born in Armidale, New South Wales. He was an Episcopalian. He married Beryl Evans in 1949, and had two daughters.

Colbourn died on 13 January 2015 in Winter Park, Florida, United States, aged 87.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Australian academics
Australian Christians
Episcopalians
People from New South Wales
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a monarch. It is from the Latin regnum meaning kingdom or rule. Some of the oldest dating systems were in regnal years. A regnal year usually begins on the date of a monarch's accession to the throne. Year one is counted from day one to the end of the first year of a monarch's reign. Then a second year of rule, a third, and so on. They would not have a zero year of rule. It is displayed as an ordinal, not a cardinal number.
Date problems 
Every year of a monarch's reign falls within two calendar years, unless the reign began on the first day of the calendar year. When converting a regnal year in history to a calendar year, this can cause an error of one year. In England, from the 10th century until the late 13th century, the practice was to count the regnal year from the date of coronation. This was usually a later date than when a monarch was proclaimed king or queen. The current practice of dating from the date of accession began in the late 13th century when the heir was out of the country. Henry III of England died on 16 November 1272 which some sources date as the beginning of Edward I of England's rule. His reign actually began when he was proclaimed king at the New Temple on 20 November 1272. Here the date error between sources would be only four days.

Related pages 
 Year
 Julian calendar
 Gregorian calendar

References

Other websties
 Regnal Chronologies 
 Calculate dates based on regnal years
History of Asia
Monarchy
Benedetto "Bettino" Craxi (; 24 February 1934 – 19 January 2000) was an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy from 1983 to 1987.

Early life
Craxi was born in Milan on 24 February 1934. His father was a Sicilian lawyer.

References

Other websites
 Craxi Foundation website 

1934 births
2000 deaths
MEPs for Italy
Politicians from Milan
Politicians from Lombardy
Prime Ministers of Italy
Italian Socialist Party politicians
Italian Roman Catholics
Presidents of the European Council
The Rame Peninsula  is a peninsula in southeast Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom. The peninsula is surrounded by the English Channel to the south. Plymouth Sound is to the east. The estuary of the River Lynher lies to the north.  The largest settlement is Torpoint. It is on the eastern coast, facing Devonport in Plymouth, Devon.
The peninsula is named after Rame Head, to the south of the peninsula. The peninsula also includes the village and parish of Rame. The whole area of the peninsula is designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Settlements in the Rame Peninsula
Other places on the peninsula include: Antony, Crafthole and Cremyll. Fourlanesend is the location of Fourlanesend School, the local primary school for the Rame Peninsula. Kingsand and Cawsand are protected by the headland. Much of the peninsula is owned by the Mount Edgcumbe estate which also includes Mount Edgcumbe Country Park.

Notes

References
Notes

References

Other websites
Pictures of the Rame Peninsula as it is today 
Pictures of Rame from yesteryear
Rame Peninsula - official site of Rame's AONB status 

Geography of Cornwall
Peninsulas of the United Kingdom
The name kestrel is given to several different members of the falcon genus, Falco. Kestrels hover about  over open country, and swoop down on prey, usually small mammals, lizards or large insects. Other falcons are more adapted to active hunting on the wing. In addition, kestrels have much brown in their plumage.

Kestrels can fly in stationary air, even indoors in barns. While hovering they face towards any slight headwind. This leads to the common kestrel being called a "windhover" in some areas.

Unusually for falcons, plumage often differs between male and female, although as usual with monogamous raptors the female is slightly larger than the male. This allows a pair to eat slightly different prey on their home range. Kestrels are bold, and have adapted well to humans. They nest in buildings and hunt by main roads. Kestrels do not build their own nests, but use nests built by other birds.
Most kestrels form a distinct clade among the falcons, as suggested by comparison of mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data  and morphology. This clade diverged from other Falco around the Miocene to Pliocene about 7–3.5 million years ago (mya). The most basal "true" kestrels are three species from Africa and its surroundings.

About 2.5–2 mya, the main lineage of true kestrels emerged. This too seems to have evolved in Africa and subsequently spread across the Old World until they reached Australia some time during the Middle Pleistocene, less than one million years ago. This group contains several taxa found on Indian Ocean islands. A group of three mainly grey species from Africa and Madagascar are usually considered kestrels by their general shape and habits, but are probably distinct from the true kestrels discussed above.

There is only one kestrel in the Americas, with a wide range of habitats. It is Falco sparverius. The male is more brightly coloured than usual for kestrels, with a reddish back and tail.
References 

Falconiformes
Cytochromes are haemoproteins (or proteins containing haem groups). They make ATP by electron transport.

They are found either as single (monomeric) proteins (e.g., cytochrome c) or as part of bigger enzyme complexes which catalyze redox reactions.

The haem group does the redox reactions. These include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed. In general, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons.

History 
Cytochromes were described in 1884 as respiratory pigments. They include (haemoglobin, myoglobin, haemocyanin, haemoerythrin and  chlorocruorin. In the 1920s, Keilin rediscovered these respiratory pigments. He called them the cytochromes, or “cellular pigments”, and classified them as haem proteins.
Types 
Several kinds of cytochrome exist and can be distinguished by spectroscopy. Three types of cytochrome are distinguished by their prosthetic groups.
In mitochondria and chloroplasts, these cytochromes are often combined in electron transport and related metabolic pathways.

References 

Iron compounds
Organometallic chemistry
Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 American horror movie directed by Roman Polanski. It is set in New York City. It is based on the novel of the same name. This movie is about a young housewife who has a baby. The baby turns out to be a child of the Devil. Mia Farrow plays Rosemary. Ruth Gordon plays Minnie.

The movie was well received by critics upon its release.

Cast
 Mia Farrow as Rosemary Woodhouse
 Roy Barcroft as Sun-Browned Man (uncredited)

Other websites
 
 
 

1968 drama movies
1968 horror movies
English-language movies
American drama movies
American horror movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York City
Movies directed by Roman Polanski
Paramount Pictures movies
Enver Hoxha (16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian politician who was dictator of Albania. Ideologically a communist, Hoxha served as prime minister of Albania from 1944 until 1954, and First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania from 1941 until his death.

Under his regime, thousands of opponents ("dissidents") were executed, and tens of thousands more were imprisoned in forced labour camps.
Early life and Career
Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër, a city in southern Albania (then under the Ottoman Empire) that has been home to many prominent families. He was the son of Halil Hoxha, a Bektashi Tosk cloth merchant who traveled widely across Europe and the United States and Gjylihan (Gjylo) Hoxha. He was raised a member of a wealthy Muslim family of landowners and merchants. He went to the best schools in Albania in the 1920s. He was given one of the few scholarships to a foreign college. In 1931 he attended the University of Montpellier in France. He lost his scholarship in 1934 for poor performance and moved to Paris. During World War II, Hoxha participated in Guerrilla Activities against Germany from 1943 until Albania was Liberated in 1944 by the Soviet Red Army.

In 1944, near the end of the Second World War, he became prime minister of the Democratic Government of Albania, and later, the Socialist Republic of Albania.
Rule (1944 – 1985)
Enver Hoxha was the leader of Albania during that time, known for his isolationist policies and the creation of a tightly controlled state. His rule was marked by suppression of dissent, strict censorship, and a focus on ideological purity. Albania became one of the most isolated and repressive countries in the world under his leadership.

Later Years and Death
In his later years, Evner Hoxha faced health issues including heart problems and diabetes. He passed away on April 11, 1985, due to complications from respiratory and cardiac issues.

References

 
 

 
 

1908 births
1985 deaths
Communist politicians
Former dictators
Prime Ministers of Albania
World War II people
Saw II is a 2005 Canadian-American horror movie. Saw II is a sequel to 2004's Saw. It is the second installment in the seven-part Saw franchise. It was released October 28, 2005. The movie was directed and co-written by Darren Lynn Bousman. It was Co-written with series creator Leigh Whannell. Saw II stars Donnie Wahlberg, Franky G, Dina Meyer, Erik Knudsen, and Tobin Bell as Jigsaw.

References 

2005 movies
Saw movies
Lionsgate movies
Ervin Maurice Druckman (April 3, 1919 – January 15, 2015), better known as Ervin Drake, was an American songwriter. His works include such American Songbook standards as "I Believe" and "It Was a Very Good Year". 

He wrote in many styles and his work has been recorded by musicians from all over the world in many styles. In 1983, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.

On January 15, 2015, Drake died at his home in Great Neck, New York due to complications from bladder cancer. He was 95.

References

Other websites
Interview with Ervin Drake

1919 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
American songwriters
Writers from New York City
Joseph Albert Wapner (November 15, 1919 – February 26, 2017) was an American judge and former television "judge." He is the first star of the ongoing reality courtroom series The People's Court.

Wapner died on February 26, 2017 under hospice care in Los Angeles after suffering from respiratory failure, aged 97.

References

Other websites
 
 Joseph A. Wapner Archive of American Television Interview

1919 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
American judges
Television personalities from California
People from Los Angeles
Gerald "Jerry" Sheindlin (born November 19, 1933) is an American author and television personality. He was a short-lived judge on the television program The People's Court from 1999 to 2000. 

Before that, he served on the New York State Supreme Court. He is the author of two books, Genetic Fingerprinting: The Law and Science of DNA Evidence and Blood Trail.

Other websites
 

1933 births
Living people
American judges
Writers from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
Lawyers from New York City
Judith Susan Sheindlin (née Blum; October 21, 1942), better known as Judge Judy, is an American lawyer, judge, television personality and writer. From 1996-2021, Sheindlin has had her own successful Daytime Emmy Award winning reality courtroom series named after her, Judge Judy.

She is of Jewish descent.

References

Other websites

Judge Judith Sheindlin at the Notable Names Database
Judge Judy marks 10 years laying down the law , CTV News, February 15, 2006
Biographical article from The Guardian, October 9, 2008

1942 births
Living people
American judges
Lawyers from New York City
Jewish American entertainers
Jewish American writers
Jewish judges
Jewish lawyers
Television personalities from New York City
Writers from Brooklyn
Kim Vincent Fowley (July 21, 1939 – January 15, 2015) was an American record producer, singer and musician. He was best known for his role behind a string of novelty and cult pop rock singles in the 1960s, and for managing The Runaways in the 1970s. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Fowley died of bladder cancer in West Hollywood, California at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
 
 Fowley's MySpace page
  "Dead Man Rockin'" Interview with Kim Fowley 2013 Rocker Magazine 

1939 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Singers from Los Angeles
Musicians from Los Angeles
Singer-songwriters from California
American record producers
American pop singers
American pop musicians
American rock singers
American rock musicians
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American punk musicians
Evelyn Pacino Sanguinetti (born November 12, 1970) is an American politician. On January 12, 2015, she became the 47th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. Before being elected alongside Governor Bruce Rauner on November 4, 2014, she served on the Wheaton City Council. On April 22, 2019, Sanguinetti announced her candidacy for the 2020 election in Illinois's 6th congressional district, challenging first-term Democratic incumbent Sean Casten. She dropped out of the race in October 2019.

References

1970 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Illinois
Politicians from Miami
Republican Party (United States) politicians
The Ramsey theory is named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank Ramsey (19031930). It is a branch of mathematics that studies the conditions under which order must appear.

Examples 
A typical result in Ramsey theory starts with some mathematical structure that
is then cut into pieces. How big must the original structure be, so that at least one of the pieces has a given interesting property? This idea can be defined as partition regularity.

For example, consider a complete graph of order n; that is, there are n vertices and each vertex is connected to every other vertex by an edge. A complete graph of order 3 is called a triangle.  Now colour every edge red or blue. How large must n be in order to ensure that there is either a blue triangle or a red triangle? It turns out that the answer is 6.
Another way to express this result is as follows: at any party with at least six people, there are three people who are either (a) mutual acquaintances (each one knows the other two) or (b) mutual strangers (each one does not know either of the other two). 

Ramsey theory is now a complete branch of mathematics.

Notes 

Graph  theory
Charles Valentine "Val" Holten (15 September 1927 – 15 January 2015) was an Australian cricketer. He played five first class cricket matches for Victoria between 1950 to 1951 and 1952 to 1953. He also played club cricket for the Victorian Premier Cricket teams Melbourne Cricket Club (1947–48) and Prahran Cricket Club (1948–49). He was a right hand batsman and right arm medium pace bowler.

Holten was born in Brighton, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria.

Holten died on 15 January 2015 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Player profile: Val Holten from ESPNcricinfo
 Player profile: Val Holten from CricketArchive

1927 births
2015 deaths
Australian cricketers
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Captivity narratives are stories of people captured by enemies who are not civilized. Historians - people who study history - do not trust a lot of these stories. A lot of them are not written from a neutral point of view. Some historians that study Native American cultures are careful when they use these stories as sources.

Captivity narratives from North America were published through the 18th and 19th centuries. They are a part of English literature, and more stories were written in India and East Asia later on.
Background
Colonists in New England were often captured by Canadians and their Indian allies. This was because New France and New England had competition at the time. (This happened to the Canadians as well). The number of captives taken from the fifteenth through the nineteenth centuries are unclear, however. Some think that about 1,641 New Englanders were taken hostage during King Phillip's War (1675). When the whites and Indians had conflicts in the mid-nineteenth century, hundreds of women and children were captured.

References

Literature
Examples:
Crayfish: the sensory hairs of the tail fan of crayfish are connected to a reflex arc. Giant sensory and motor nerves are connected with electrical synapses. This flicks the tail, and shoots the crayfish away from the stimulus. The neurons bypass the main neural system that controls locomotion, so shortening the reaction time. The lateral giant connection to motor giant fast flexor neurons was the first known example of an electrical synapse.
Squid: The squid giant axon is the very large (up to 1 mm in diameter; typically around 0.5 mm) axon that controls part of the water jet propulsion system in squid. It was first described by L.W. Williams  in 1909, but this discovery was forgotten until English zoologist J.Z. Young demonstrated the axon’s function in the 1930s. Squids use this system for making brief but very fast movements through the water.
Most fish have a special response system known as "C-start". It is done by the Mauthner cells. They are a pair of big neurons (one for each half of the body) in the rhombomere 4 of the hindbrain in fish and amphibians. The cells are also notable for their unusual use of both chemical and electrical synapses.
Humans: We do have some escape reflexes (not just reflex arcs). We have a head ducking reflex, and a fast hand withdrawal if we touch a painful object. These reflexes are subconscious: the conscious brain only knows about them afterwards.
Escape reflexes have high survival value.

References 

Reflexes
The Wild Baby () is a children's book series about a wild young infant boy named Ben. The books were written in Swedish by Barbro Lindgren and illustrated by Eva Eriksson. It was made into puppetry in 2010.

Books

References

Swedish children's books
Den Max is a children's book series. The books were written by Barbro Lindgren. Eva Eriksson illustrated the books.

Books 
Max bil - 1981
Max kaka - 1981
Max nalle - 1981
Max balja - 1982
Max boll - 1982
Max lampa - 1982
Max potta - 1986
Max dockvagn - 1986
Titta Max grav! - 1991
Max blöja - 1994
Max napp - 1994

References

Worldcat
Nélida Romero (17 January 1926 – 14 January 2015) was an Argentine actress. She starred in the movies Madame Bovary (1947), Arroz con leche (1950), and The Honourable Tenant (1951).

Romero was born in Lanús. She was married to the movie director Carlos Schlieper from 1944 to 1957.

Romero died on 14 January 2015 in Buenos Aires, aged 88.

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
2015 deaths
Argentine movie actors
Actors from Buenos Aires
Argentine stage actors
Argentine television actors
Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi (‎; 1943 – 14 January 2015) was an Israeli Orthodox rabbi and writer. He was a member of the Chabad Hasidic movement. He was the chief rabbi of the Chabad community of Kfar Chabad, Israel from 1983 until his death. He was also an authority on Halakha (Jewish law) and Hasidic philosophy.

Ashkenazi was educated in Tel Aviv and Brooklyn, New York in the United States. He had nine sons, some of whom also became rabbis.

Ashkenazi died from a heart attack on 14 January 2015, aged 71.

References

1943 births
2015 deaths
Israeli chief rabbis
Israeli Jewish religious writers
Sonja Härdin, born 1945, is a Swedish illustrator. She illustrated all Bert books in the old series However, the first Bert book was illustrated by Sören Olsson. She also illustrated the reversion edition of the first Bert book. She gave Bert and the other figures in the Bert Diaries their cahracteristic looks. From Berts bekännelser the style was changed. Darker images were added. She has also illustrated articles in Kamratposten. Also, she illustrated school coursebooks like Nya Min matematik. Nya Min matematik is a series of mathematics books for Swedish elementary schools. She has also illustrated Trafik-Trolle.

References

Other websites
Illustratörscentrum - Sonja Härdin  

1945 births
Living people
Swedish illustrators
Eva Eriksson (born 13 May 1949 in Halmstad, Sweden) is a Swedish illustrator and writer. She has illustrated several children's books Among her illustrations are books by writers like Barbro Lindgren and Viveca Lärn.

She educated herself at Konstfack in Stockholm. Between 2003-2012 she held seat number 1 of the Swedish Academy for Children's Books.

References

1949 births
Living people
Swedish illustrators
People from Halmstad
The main match for the Raw brand saw Hulk Hogan defeat Shawn Michaels. Hogan defeated Michaels by pinfall after he hit Michaels with the leg drop. The main match for the SmackDown! brand saw Batista defeat John "Bradshaw" Layfield in a No Holds Barred match to retain his World Heavyweight Championship. Batista won the match by pinfall after he performed two Batista Bombs, with the second one on the steel ring steps. Another main match for the Raw brand saw John Cena defeat Chris Jericho and retain his WWE Championship. Cena won the match by pinfall after he hit Jericho with the FU. The main match on the undercard saw Rey Mysterio defeat Eddie Guerrero in a ladder match for the custody of Mysterio's son Dominick. Mysterio won the match after he climbed a ladder and grabbed the briefcase that was hanging above the ring.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2005 website

2005 in American television
2005 in professional wrestling
SummerSlam
2000s in Washington, D.C.
The Swedish Academy for Children's Books () is a nonprofit society. It was established on 26 May 1989 at the Skärholmen Library in Stockholm in Sweden. It is based on the Swedish Academy. Its ambitions is to promote children's and youth literature.

Since 1990, the society awards the Eldsjälen Award.

References

Other websites
 official website 

1989 establishments in Sweden
Children's literature
Organizations based in Stockholm
The university is a member of the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU). The Academic Ranking of World Universities, compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ranked the University of Copenhagen as the leading university in Scandinavia. It is ranked 39th best university in the world in 2014. It is ranked 45th in the 2014 QS World University Rankings.

References

Other websites

 University of Copenhagen Website

Copenhagen
Colleges and universities in Europe
1479 establishments
1470s establishments in Europe
Organizations based in Denmark
Desert Island Discs is a biographical and factual radio programme produced by Bob Symes. It is broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in the United Kingdom. It was first broadcast on the BBC Home Service on 29 January 1942.

Each week a person (called a "castaway") is asked to choose eight pieces of music, a book and a luxury item that they would take if they were to be cast away on a desert island (an island that is not lived on by humans). They discuss their lives and the reasons for their choices.

More than 3,000 episodes have been recorded. There aren't that many castaways, though, because a few castaways have appeared more than once. Some programmes had two people as the castaway.

The programme was created by Roy Plomley. After Plomley's death in 1985, the programme was presented by Michael Parkinson. From 1988 to 2006, it was presented by Sue Lawley. Since 2006, the show has been presented by Kirsty Young. She interviewed illustrator Quentin Blake on her first show, broadcast on 1 October 2006.
The light music composition by Eric Coates called "By the Sleepy Lagoon" is the signature tune of the programme.

References

Other websites

Desert Island Discs at BBC Radio 4
Sue Arnold, "The Lagoon Show", The Observer, London, 17 March 2002

BBC radio
Radio programs
1942 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in the United Kingdom
Olympia Dukakis (June 20, 1931 – May 1, 2021) was an American actress. She acted in movies and television and on stage. In 1987, she received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for her performance in the movie Moonstruck. She also received an Emmy Award nomination for her performance as Anna Madrigal in the miniseries Tales of the City.

Dukakis was the daughter of Greek immigrants. She was born in Lowell, Massachusetts on June 20, 1931. She was a cousin of 1988 presidential candidate Michael Dukakis. From 1962 until his death in 2018, she was married to actor Louis Zorich.

Death
Dukakis died at her home in New York City on May 1, 2021. She was 89 years old.

References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Massachusetts
1931 births
2021 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
People from Lowell, Massachusetts
The Substitute is a 1996 action and crime-thriller movie. The movie is about high school gangs in an inner-city area. Ernie Hudson plays Principal Claude. Glenn Plummer plays Darrell Sherman.

The movie got mixed to negative review from critics.

Other websites
 

1996 crime drama movies
1996 thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
Gerardus 't Hooft (born July 5, 1946) is a Dutch physicist. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics with his doctoral advisor Martinus J. G. Veltman.

'T Hooft is well known for his theories about gauge theory, black holes, and quantum gravity.

Personal life
He is married to Albertha Schik (Betteke) and has two daughters, Saskia and Ellen.

Biography

Early life
Gerard 't Hooft was born in Den Helder on July 5, 1946, but grew up in The Hague.  He was the middle child of a family of three.

Education
After Gerard 't Hooft passed his high school exams in 1964, he saved in the physics program at Utrecht University.In 1969, 't Hooft started on his PhD with Martinus Veltman as his advisor. In 1971 his first paper was published.

References

1946 births
Living people
Dutch academics
Dutch Nobel Prize winners
People from North Holland
People from The Hague
Dutch theoretical physicists
Wolf Prize winners
Johanna Thydell (born 14 November 1980 in Nässjö, Sweden) is a Swedish wrtier. Her 2003 book In the Ceiling the Stars Are Shining was given the August Prize.

She was born in Nässjö. She grew up in Värnamo. After secondary school she attended a writer's course. She then got contact with writer Magnus Utvik. He assisting her to become a writer. She was a 2004 Sommar host. She studied at the writer's line course at Fridhems Folk High School in Svalöv. She also studied culture-courses focusing at literature and film at the Stockholm University.

Bibliography
2003 – In the Ceiling the Stars Are Shining ("I taket lyser stjärnorna")
2006 – Det fattas en tärning
2010 – Ursäkta att man vill bli lite älskad
2012 – There's a Pig in my Class! ("Det är en gris på dagis")

Awards
2003 – Slangbellan
2003 – August Prize for In the Ceiling the Stars Are Shining
2003 – BMF Plaque
2007 - Partille Bookstore's Writer's Schoolarship
2012 - BMF Plaque

References

1980 births
Living people
Swedish children's writers
Max Lundgren, born 22 March 1937, dead 27 May 2005, was a Swedish children's books writer. His debut book, Hunden som äntligen visslade, was released in 1962. He wrote totally circa 50 books. Some of his books also TV series. Among his more famous works are Pojken med guldbyxorna and the books about fictional Swedish soccer club Åshöjdens BK.
Bibliography
 1962: Hunden som äntligen visslade
 1963: Kandidaterna
 1964: Alla barns ansikten
 1965: Gangsterboken
 1965: Äventyrets fyra färger
 1966: Omin Hambbe i Slättköping
 1967: Pojken med guldbyxorna
 1967: Åshöjdens bollklubb
 1968: Dörrarna låsta inifrån
 1968: Regnbågskriget
 1968: Åshöjden går vidare
 1969: Kris i Åshöjdens BK
 1969: Sagan om Lotta från Dösjöbro
 1969: Ole kallar mej Lise
 1970: Mats farfar
 1971: Sommarflickan
 1971: Åshöjden i kvalet
 1972: Snapphanepojken
 1972: IFK Trumslagaren
 1973: IFK Trumslagaren och Lillis
 1975: IFK Trumslagaren och Chris
 1976: Myrorna
 1978: Ännu minns jag Birthe
 1978: Boken om Birthe
 1978: Lättsinniga berättelser och andra noveller
 1979: IFK Trumslagaren och Lasse
 1979: Våning för fyra
 1980: Matchens hjälte
 1980: Inga Eliasson, affärsbiträde
 1981: IFK Trumslagaren och Jack
 1982: Mitt livs äventyr
 1982: Benny, boxaren
 1982: Hela gänget
 1983: Torsten och Greta
 1984: Benny Boxaren och kärleken
 1985: Max Lundgrens Åshöjdens BK
1986: Samlade diktförsök
 1987: Djävulens kontrakt
 1987: Benny Boxaren nere för räkning
 1988: Töser!
 1988: På äventyr med Gula hissen
 1989: BK Framåt
 1990: Roseli, älskade Rosa
 1990: Kåsebergaskräcken
 1991: En kort tid av lycka
 1991: Benny Boxaren i Amerika
 1992: Åshöjdens BK
 1992: Drömmen om Mallorca och andra berättelser
 1994: Eriksfält leder med 1-0
 1996: 21 nästan sanna berättelser
 1997: Råttan
 1997: Benny, mästaren
 1999: Dubbelspel
 2003: Lina, Gulan och kärleken
 2004: De magiska handskarna
Awards
 1967: Expressens Heffaklump
 1968: Nils Holgersson Plaque
 1983: 91:an-stipendiet
 1987: ABF:s litteraturpris
 1991: Astrid Lindgren-priset

References

Other websites
 

1937 births
2005 deaths
Swedish writers
Åshöjdens BK is a book series about a fictional soccer club in northwestern Scania in Sweden. The stories were created by Max Lundgren

Plot
The series consists of four novels. It depicts a soccer club which is promoted across a promotion and relegation-based Swedish league system. Finally, they lose the Allsvenskan qualifying game. In 1985, a TV series based on the book series was made.

Sometimes, sports journalists talk of the "real Åshöjdens BK". That occurs when a club, often in rural districts, quickly is promoted from the lower to higher divisions within some seasons. An example is Ljungskile SK. That club was promotion higher and higher during the early-mid 1990s.

Books
 Åshöjdens bollklubb (1967)
 Åshöjden går vidare (1968)
 Kris i Åshöjdens BK (1969)
 Åshöjden i kvalet (1971)

References

Series of books
Children's literature
The 1888 Sundsvall Fire () was a fire in the town of Sundsvall in Sweden. The fire happened on 25 June 1888. The fire occurred during a storm. The storm allowed the fire to spread fast among the wooden houses in town. The same day a fire also occurred in the town of Umeå.

References

1888 in Europe
1880s in Sweden
Fires in Sweden
Sundsvall
June events
Yao Beina (born 姚贝娜; 26 September 1981 – 16 January 2015) was a Chinese singer and actress. She was born in Wuhan, Hubei. She sang "Let It Go" for the Chinese version of Frozen. She was known for her song "The Painted 2" and "Life in the River"

Beina died of breast cancer in Shenzhen, Guangdong, aged 33.

References

Other websites
  Yao Beina Memorial website

1981 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in China
Deaths from breast cancer
Chinese singers
Chinese movie actors
People from Hubei
Sir Ian Charles Athfield (15 July 1940 – 16 January 2015) was a New Zealand architect. He was born in Christchurch. In 1963, he joined Structon Group Architects, and he became a partner in 1965. In 1968 he was a principal partner in setting up Athfield Architects with Ian Dickson and Graeme John Boucher (Manson).

Other websites
Athfield Architects
Documentary of Ian Athfield on NZ On Screen. Made in 1977 after winning International competition to design housing in Manila
The Wellingtonian interview: Ian Athfield, 25 June 2009

1940 births
2015 deaths
New Zealand architects
People from Christchurch
Jean-Claude Baker (born Jean-Claude Julien Léon Tronville, April 18, 1943 – January 15, 2015) was a French-American restaurateur. He was born in Dijon, France.

He met U.S.-born French entertainer Josephine Baker while he was working as a bellhop in Paris at the age of fourteen in 1958. He became the last of twelve children adopted into Baker's Rainbow Family. In 1994 he co-authored a biography of Josephine Baker, Josephine: The Hungry Heart, described as a "shocking look into the star's seriously whitewashed past".

Baker was found dead at his home in East Hampton, New York on January 15, 2015, of an apparent suicide.  He was 71.

References

1943 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from New York (state)
French businesspeople
People from Dijon
Suicides in the United States
Malese Jow (born February 18, 1991) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played Geena in the sitcom Unfabulous. She played Julia in Star-Crossed.

She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
Musicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Actors from Tulsa, Oklahoma
1991 births
Living people
Native American people
Singers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
American singer-songwriters
SummerSlam (2004) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on August 15, 2004 at Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. It was the seventeenth SummerSlam event held by the WWE.

The main match for the Raw brand saw Randy Orton defeat Chris Benoit to win the World Heavyweight Championship. Orton won the match by pinfall after he performed an RKO on Benoit. By winning the championship, Orton became the youngest World Heavyweight Champion in WWE history. The main match for the SmackDown! brand was a match between John "Bradshaw" Layfield and The Undertaker for the WWE Championship. JBL won the match by disqualification after The Undertaker hit him with the championship.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2004 website

2004 in professional wrestling
Sport in Toronto
SummerSlam
2004 in Canada
21st century in Toronto
August 2004 events
Robert Gover (November 2, 1929 – January 12, 2015) was an American journalist. He became a best-selling novelist at age 30. He was known for his books One Hundred Dollar Misunderstanding and Time and Money.

References

1929 births
2015 deaths
American journalists
Writers from Philadelphia
James Naanman Daman (April 10, 1956 – January 12, 2015) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1982. Daman was named bishop of the Diocese of Jalingo, Nigeria, in 2000. He was named the first bishop of the Diocese of Shendam in 2007.

Daman died on January 12, 2015 at the age of 58 in Jalingo.

References

1956 births
2015 deaths
Nigerian Roman Catholic bishops
Frank Glazer (February 19, 1915 – January 13, 2015) was an American pianist, composer and professor of music. In 1939 Glazer performed with the Boston Symphony Orchestra under Sergei Koussevitzky. Glazer served in the US Army as an interpreter from 1943 to 1945 in Germany and France. In 1980 Glazer left Eastman and became artist in residence at Bates College in Maine. In the 1960s he recorded the complete piano music of Erik Satie for the Vox label.

Glazer died in New York City, aged 99.

References

1915 births
2015 deaths
American pianists
Educators from Maine
American composers
Musicians from Wisconsin
Edward Hardy "Ted" Harrison, CM (August 28, 1926 – January 16, 2015) was an English Canadian artist. He was known for his paintings of the Yukon. Harrison died in his sleep at the age of 88 on January 16, 2015.

References

Other websites
 Official web site

1926 births
2015 deaths
Canadian painters
English painters
Melissa Jeanette Franklin (born May 10, 1995) is an American competition swimmer. At the 2012 Olympics in London, she won five medals, four of them were gold. At the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she won one gold medal.

Franklin also won medals at other sporting events.

Franklin was born in Pasadena, California.

References

Sportspeople from California
American swimmers
1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Pasadena, California
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic bronze medalists
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Jerome Richard "Dick, Jerry" Dempsey (April 21, 1933 – January 14, 2015) was an American businessman, educator, and politician.

Dempsey was born in Henderson, Minnesota. Dempsey served in the United States Army from 1955 to 1957. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of St. Thomas. Dempsey was also in the banking business. From 1993 until 2006, Dempsey served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. He was a Republican. His brother Terry Dempsey also served in the Minnesota Legislature.

Dempsey died in Hastings, Minnesota where he had lived since 1960.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
Educators from Minnesota
Businesspeople from Minnesota
Politicians from Minnesota
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Rimma Vasilievna Markova (; 3 March 1925 – 15 January 2015) was a Russian movie actress. She began acting in 1951. She was named a People's Artist of Russia in 1994. Her younger brother Leonid Markov was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1985. She was best known her her roles in the movies The Alive and the Dead (1964), The Pokrovsky Gate (1982), The Outskirts (1998), Night Watch (2004), Day Watch (2006), The Best Movie (2008), and Burnt by the Sun 2 (2010).

Markova was born in the Samara Oblast.

Markova died on 16 January 2015 in Moscow, aged 89.

References

Other websites

 

1925 births
2015 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian television actors
Samara Oblast
Ethel Lang (née Lancaster; 27 May 1900 – 15 January 2015) was a British supercentenarian and, at the time of her death, the oldest living person in the United Kingdom (after the death of Grace Jones on 14 November 2013), the ninth oldest living person in the world and the second-oldest living person in Europe after Emma Morano.

Lang was born in Worsbrough, near Barnsley, to Charles and Sarah Lancaster. She left school at the age of 13 to work in a shirt factory. She married William Lang in 1922 and their daughter Margaret was born in 1923. Lang's mother lived to the age of 91, and her great-grandmother to the age of 92.

Lang was the last living British person to have been born during the reign of Queen Victoria.

References 

1900 births
2015 deaths
British supercentenarians
People from Barnsley
Joseph Mukasa Zuza (2 October 1945 – 15 January 2015) was a Malawian Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest on 2 July 1986. He was appointed the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mzuzu on 3 March 1995.

References

1945 births
2015 deaths
Malawian Roman Catholic bishops
Emma Morano-Martinuzzi (29 November 1899 – 15 April 2017) was an Italian supercentenarian. At the age of 117, she was the oldest living person in the world from 13 May 2016 until her death on 15 April 2017. She was the last verified person living to have been born in the 1800s.

She was the 4th-oldest person in history at her death, behind Jeanne Calment, Sarah Knauss and Marie-Louise Meilleur. She is the oldest person from Italy or ever lived in Italy and the oldest living Italian and European person after the death of Maria Redaelli on 2 April 2013.

Biography 

She was born on 29 November 1899 in Civiasco (Province of Vercelli) in the region of Piedmont to Giovanni Morano and Matilde Bresciani, the eldest of eight children, five daughters and three sons.