Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Systems engineering is a field of engineering that deals with complex engineering projects which should be designed and managed over the life cycle of the project. Therefore, issues such as logistics, the coordination of different teams, and automatic control of machinery become really complicated. Systems engineering deals with work-processes and tools to handle such projects. For this, it applies both technical and human-centered disciplines such as control engineering, industrial engineering, organizational studies, and project management.

Notes

Engineering disciplines
Systems
Leigh Francis (born 30 April 1973) is an English comedy performer best known for his portrayal of foreign celebrity-obsessed character Avid Merrion in Channel 4 comedy programme Bo' Selecta!, as well as Northern businessman Keith Lemon in Keith Lemon's Very Brilliant World Tour and Celebrity Juice. As Keith Lemon, he has also made many appearances on Big Brother's companion shows Big Brother's Little Brother and Big Brother's Big Mouth.

Filmography 
 Keith Lemon: The Film (2012)

Other websites 

1973 births
Living people
Actors from West Yorkshire
Comedians from Yorkshire
English television actors
People from Leeds
Hurricane Flora was among the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes. This hurricane happened in Autumn 1963. The storm hit southwestern Haiti at peak intensity (her winds peaked at 145 miles per hour). Flora then drifted over Cuba for almost four days before heading northeast into the Atlantic. Between seven thousand and eight thousand people died due to Flora. At that time, the death toll was the most from any storm since the Galveston Hurricane in September 1900. The name Flora was later retired.

Deadly storms
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
1963
20th century in Haiti
1960s in Cuba
Hurricanes in Haiti
1960s in weather
Flora
Dance-pop is a genre of pop music that originated in the 1980s and is still popular nowadays. It incorporates elements of normal pop music, and it is (usually) fast-paced and upbeat.  This is a common genre for many artists, including Lady Gaga, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Rihanna, Kesha, Britney Spears, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and Katy Perry.

Dance music
Pop music
Electropop (also called technopop) is a musical genre in which electronic music and pop music are combined together. The genre has been popular since the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. "Electropop" is the short form of "electronic pop".

Electronic music
Pop music
Doc Walker is a country music band from Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, which is near Winnipeg. Band members are Murray Pulver - guitars and vocals, Chris Thorsteinson - lead vocals and guitars, Dave Wasyliw - vocals and guitars. They have been together since the band formed in 1995, have been called "the hardest working country band in Canada".

They have had several Top 10 songs on the charts. Hits include "Beautiful Life", "From Here", and "I'm Gonna Make You Love Me". Other great songs are "That Train", "North Dakota Boy", "Rocket Girl", "Driving With the Breaks On", "Coming Home", and "Whoever Made Those Rules". 

“Simplicity is the best hook sometimes,” - Chris Thorsteinson.

Other websites
http://www.cmt.ca/Artist/DocWalker  
http://docwalker.ca/

Country bands
Mechatronics (or mechatronic engineering) is a combination of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, computer engineering, control engineering, and systems-design engineering in order to design and manufacture some useful products. Mechatronics is an engineering system design that combines several areas of study and avoids splitting engineering into separate disciplines.

Related pages
Cybernetics
Mechanical engineering
Computer engineering
Control engineering
Electronic engineering
Systems engineering

Notes

Engineering disciplines
The tree of life is a metaphor which expresses the idea that all life is related by common descent.

Charles Darwin was the first to use this metaphor in modern biology. It had been used many times before for other purposes.

The evolutionary tree shows the relationships among various biological groups. It includes data from DNA, RNA and protein analysis.

Tree of life work is a product of traditional comparative anatomy, and modern molecular evolution and molecular clock research. Below is a simplified version of present-day understanding.

Precursors

Lamarck 
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) produced the first branching tree of animals in his Philosophie Zoologique (1809). It was an upside-down tree starting with worms and ending with mammals. However, Lamarck did not believe in common descent of all life. Instead, he believed that life consists of separate parallel lines advancing from simple to complex.

Hitchcock
Hitchcock 

The American geologist Edward Hitchcock (1763–1864) published in 1840 the first tree of life based on paleontology in his Elementary Geology. On the vertical axis are paleontological periods. Hitchcock made a separate tree for plants (left) and animals (right). The plant and animal trees are not connected at the bottom of the chart. Furthermore, each tree starts with multiple origins.  However, they were not evolutionary trees, because Hitchcock believed that a deity was the agent of change.

Vestiges 

The first edition of Robert Chambers' Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation was published anonymously in 1844. It contained a tree-like diagram in the chapter 'Hypothesis of the development of the vegetable and animal kingdoms'. It shows a model of embryological development where fish (F), reptiles (R), and birds (B) represent branches from a path leading to mammals (M).
In the text this branching tree idea is tentatively applied to the history of life on earth: "there may be branching".p191

Darwin's tree of life 

Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was the first to produce an evolutionary tree of life. He was very cautious about the possibility of reconstructing the history of life. In On the Origin of Species (1859) Chapter IV he presented an abstract diagram of a theoretical tree of life for species of an unnamed large genus (see figure).

In Darwin's own words: "Thus, the small differences distinguishing varieties of the same species, will steadily tend to increase till they come to equal the greater differences between species of the same genus, or even of distinct genera."

This is a branching pattern with no names given to species, unlike the more linear tree Ernst Haeckel made years later.

In his summary to the section as revised in the 6th edition of 1872, Darwin explains his views on the Tree of Life:

The tree of life today
Biologists now recognize that the prokaryotes, the bacteria and archaea have the ability to transfer genetic information between unrelated organisms through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Recombination, gene loss, duplication, and gene creation are a few of the processes by which  genes can be transferred within and between bacterial and archaeal species, causing variation that is not due to vertical transfer.
There is emerging evidence of HGT occurring within the prokaryotes at the single and multicell level and the view is now emerging that the tree of life gives an incomplete picture of life's evolution. It was a useful tool in understanding the basic processes of evolution but cannot explain the full complexity of the situation.

Gallery

Related pages 
Tree of Life disambiguation page
Other websites
 Tree of Life Web Project  - explore complete phylogenetic tree interactively
 Tree of Life illustration - A modern illustration of the complete tree of life.
 Science Magazine Tree of Life - Sample tree of life from Science journal.
 Science journal issue - Issue devoted to the tree of life.
 -Report on recent paper on "pruning" of the tree of life model.
 The Tree of Life by Garrett Neske, The Wolfram Demonstrations Project: "presents an interactive tree of life that allows you to explore the relationships between many different kinds of organisms by allowing you to select an organism and visualize the clade to which it belongs".

References 

Evolutionary biology
Three's Company is an American situation comedy. It aired on the ABC network. It began in March 1977 and ended in September 1984.

The show is a remake of the British sitcom Man About the House. Nowadays the domestic distribution rights are handled by creator Don L. Taffner's estate and the international rights are handled by FremantleMedia (whose company Thames originated the sitcom Man About the House).

The show is set in Santa Monica, California. It is about a man pretending to be gay so his landlord won't evict him, it is also about financial struggling such as the roommates not being able to pay their rent. The sitcom heavily relies on innuendo and sexy misunderstandings. It is also a comedy of errors. The show had two spinoffs also based on Britcoms: The Ropers (George & Mildred) & Three's a Crowd (Robin's Nest).

The series was later the subject of the made-for-TV movie Behind the Camera: the Unauthorized Story of Three's Company. The movie showed how cast changes led to the show ending.
Cast
John Ritter,
Joyce DeWitt
Suzanne Somers, 
Jenilee Harrison
Priscilla Barnes
Richard Kline
Ann Wedgeworth (who only appeared in eleven episodes of season four)
Norman Fell
Audra Lindley (Fell and Lindley left after season three for their own series)
Don Knotts (who played the new landlord)

Other websites 

1977 establishments in the United States
1977 television series debuts
1984 disestablishments in the United States
1984 television series endings
1970s American sitcoms
1980s American sitcoms
American television series based on British television series
Santa Monica, California
Television series about friendship
Television series set in Los Angeles County, California
English-language television programs
Filmation Associates or Filmation Studios was an American production company that produced animated television series and live action programming during the late 20th century. Founded in 1963, the company was in Reseda, California.

Filmography

1960s
 Rod Rocket (1963; production design only)
 The New Adventures of Superman (1966–1967 CBS)
 The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure (1967–1968 CBS)
 Journey to the Center of the Earth (1967 ABC)
 Fantastic Voyage (1968 ABC)
 Aquaman (1968 CBS)
 The Archie Show (1968 CBS)
 The Batman/Superman Hour (1968–1969 CBS)
 The Archie Comedy Hour (1969 CBS)
 Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder (1969–1970 CBS)
 The Hardy Boys (1969 ABC)
1970s
 Will the Real Jerry Lewis Please Sit Down (1970 ABC)
 Sabrina and the Groovie Goolies (1970 CBS & ABC)
 Archie's Funhouse (live-action/animation hybrid) (1970 CBS)
 Sabrina The Teenage Witch (1971–1974 CBS)
 Archie's TV Funnies (1971 CBS)
 Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972 CBS)
 The Brady Kids (1972–1974 ABC)
 Lassie's Rescue Rangers (1973–1975 ABC)
 Long Waith and Short Jackson (with Raam Punjabi Cartoon Enterprises, 1977-1983 CBS)
 Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973–1974 NBC)
 My Favorite Martians (1973 CBS)
 Mission: Magic! (1973 ABC)
 The U.S. of Archie (1974 CBS)
 The New Adventures of Gilligan (1974 ABC)
 Shazam! (live-action TV series) (1974 CBS)
 The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty (1975 NBC)
 The Secrets of Isis (live-action TV series) (1975 CBS)
 The Ghost Busters (live-action TV series) (1975 CBS)
 Uncle Croc's Block (1975 ABC) (featuring Fraidy Cat, Wacky and Packy, and M-U-S-H)
 Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1976 CBS)
 Ark II (live-action TV series) (1976 CBS)
The New Adventures of Batman (1977 CBS)
 Space Academy (live-action TV series) (1977 CBS)
 Space Sentinels (1977 NBC)
 The New Archie and Sabrina Hour (1977 NBC)
 Tarzan and the Super 7 (1978 CBS)
 Fabulous Funnies (1978 NBC)
 The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle, & Quackula (1979–1981 CBS)
 Jason of Star Command (live-action TV series) (1979 CBS)
 The New Adventures of Flash Gordon (1979–1980 NBC)
 The Brown Hornet (single segment on Fat Albert) (1979 CBS)
1980s
 Sport Billy (1980 NBC)
 The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show (1981 CBS)
 The Tarzan/Lone Ranger Adventure Hour (1980–1981 CBS)
 Blackstar (1981 CBS)
 Hero High (1981 NBC)
 Kid Superpower Hour with Shazam! (1981 NBC)
 The Tarzan/Lone Ranger/Zorro Adventure Hour (1981–1982 CBS)
 Gilligan's Planet (1982 CBS)
 He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (1983–1985 Synd)
 The Adventures of Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1984–1985 Synd)
 She-Ra: Princess of Power (1985–1987 Synd)
 The Original Ghostbusters (animated) (1986–1988 Synd)
 Bravestarr (1987–1988 Synd)

Theatrical movies 
 Treasure Island (1972)
 Journey Back to Oz (1974) 
 Oliver Twist (1974)  
 Mighty Mouse in the Great Space Chase (1982) 
 The Secret of the Sword (1985) 
 He-Man and She-Ra: A Christmas Special (1985)
 Skeletor's Revenge (1986) 
 Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night (1987)
 BraveStarr: The Movie (1988)
 Happily Ever After (1990)
Television movies, shorts and specials 
 His Mother Marveled  (1963)
 Archie and His New Pals  (1969)
 Hey, Hey, Hey, It's Fat Albert!  (1969)
 The Archie, Sugar Sugar, Jingle Jangle Show  (1970)
 Aesop's Fables  (1971)
 The Brady Kids on Mysterious Island  (1972)
 Lassie and the Spirit of Thunder Mountain  (1972)
 Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Goolies  (1972)
 The Fat Albert Halloween Special  (1977)
 The Fat Albert Christmas Special  (1977)
 A Snow White Christmas  (1980)
 The Fat Albert Easter Special  (1982)
 Flash Gordon: The Greatest Adventure of All (1982)

References

Other websites
 List of Filmation titles at the Internet Movie Database

1962 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California
1960s establishments in California
Theriodonts  are a major group of therapsids. They are a clade which include not only the traditional theriodonts, but also their descendants the mammals as well (in the same way that theropod dinosaurs include the birds as a sub-clade).

They can be defined in traditional terms as a suborder of Synapsida that lived from the Middle Permian to the Middle Cretaceous. Theriodonts appeared about 265 million years ago, in the Middle Permian. Even these early theriodonts were more mammal-like than their relatives. 

Theriodonts fall into three main groups: Gorgonopsia, Therocephalia and Cynodontia. Early theriodonts may have been warm-blooded. Early forms were carnivorous, but several later groups became herbivorous during the Triassic.
Theriodont jaws were more mammal-like than was the case of other therapsids, because their dentary (lower jaw) was larger, which gave them more efficient chewing. Several other bones that were previously on the lower jaw, moved into the ears, allowing the theriodonts to hear better and their mouths to open wider. This made the theriodonts the most successful group of synapsids. 

Eutheriodonts refer to all theriodonts except the gorgonopsians (the most primitive group). They included the therocephalians, cynodonts and their descendants – the mammals. The name means "true beast tooth". The eutheriodonts have larger skulls, accommodating larger brains and improved jaw muscles. 

The theriodonts (eutheriodonts) are one of the two synapsid survivors of the great Permian–Triassic extinction event, the other being the dicynodonts. Therocephalians included both carnivorous and herbivorous forms; both died out after the Lower Triassic.
The remaining theriodonts, the cynodonts, also included carrnivores such as Cynognathus, as well as newly evolved herbivorous Traversodonts.  While Traversodonts for the most part remained medium-sized to reasonably large (length of largest species up to 2 meters), the carnivorous forms became progressively smaller as the Triassic progressed.  

By the Upper Triassic the small cynodonts included the rodent-like tritylodonts (possibly related to or descended from travsersodonts), and the tiny, shrew-like, trithelodonts, which evolved into the first mammals. The trithelodonts died out during the Jurassic, and the tritylodonts survived in the Cretaceous, but the mammals continued to evolve. Many mammal groups managed to survive the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, which wiped out the non-avian dinosaurs, allowing the mammals to diversify and dominate the Earth.

Notes
Laura Ingraham (born 19 June 1964) is an American conservative political commentator, author and radio host. Her nationally syndicated talk show The Laura Ingraham Show was broadcast for nine years on the Talk Radio Network. She has been known for her controversial statements against the left wing party.

References

1964 births
Living people
American radio personalities
Writers from Connecticut
American political commentators
Writers from Washington, D.C.
A peptide bond is a special chemical bond that happens between two amino acids. In the reaction (called condensation), the two amino acids are combined into a dipeptide. 

Amino acids
Repenomamus is the largest known mammal from the Cretaceous period. Its fossil was found in Manchuria.

There is good evidence that it fed on dinosaurs. It is not known whether Repenomamus was a hunter or a scavenger.

Life style 
Repenomamus was carnivorous.  A specimen of R. robustus has been discovered with the fragmentary skeleton of a juvenile Psittacosaurus preserved in its stomach. 

This is the strongest evidence that Mesozoic mammals fed on dinosaurs, though there were earlier indications of this.

The larger species, R. giganticus, is the largest mammal known from the Cretaceous. R. giganticus was more than 1 metre (39 inches) long and weighed about 12–14 kg (26–31 lb). Its skull measures 16 cm (6.25 in) long, its body 52 cm (20.5 in), and the preserved part of its tail 36 cm (14 in).
Discovery 
The fossils were recovered from the lagerstätte of the Yixian Formation in the Liaoning Province of China, renowned for its extraordinarily well-preserved fossils of feathered dinosaurs. They have been dated to 130 million years ago, during the Lower Cretaceous period.

Repenomamus is a genus of triconodonts, a group of mammaliaformes with no modern relatives.

References 

Theriodonts
Frederick William III () (3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840.

Life
Frederick William was born in Potsdam in 1770 as the son of Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. He was considered to be a shy and reserved boy,

As a soldier he received the usual training of a Prussian prince, obtained his lieutenancy in 1784, became a colonel in 1790, and took part in the campaigns against France of 1792-1794. On December 24, 1793, Frederick William married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. They had ten children. In the Kronprinzenpalais (Crown Prince's palace) in Berlin, Frederick William lived a civil life with a problem-free marriage, which did not change even when he became King of Prussia in 1797.

Reign

He succeeded to the throne on 16 November 1797 and took over personal power without giving responsibility to his ministers. Unfortunately he was not able to follow a consistent course for himself.
His sense of duty can be seen from this quote:
At first Frederick William tried to follow a policy of neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars. But in the end he entered into war in October 1806. On 14 October 1806, at the Battle of Jena-Auerstädt, the French defeated the Prussian army, and it collapsed.  The royal family fled to East Prussia, where  Emperor Alexander I of Russia (who, rumour has it, had fallen in love with Queen Louise) helped them against Napoleon.

But Alexander was defeated as well. At Tilsit France made peace with Russia and Prussia. Napoleon dealt with Prussia very harshly, Prussia lost many of its Polish territories, as well as all territory west of the Elbe, and had to pay for French troops that occupied Prussia.
Although Frederick William himself resigned to Prussia's fate, his ministers set about a reform of Prussia's administration and military.
After Napoleon's defeat in Russia (1813) Frederick William turned against France and signed an alliance with Russia.  Prussian troops played a key part in the victories of the allies in 1813 and 1814.

At the Congress of Vienna, Frederick William's ministers succeeded in securing important territorial increases for Prussia. After the war, Frederick William did not keep the promises he had made in 1813 to supply Prussia with a constitution.

He died on 7 June 1840. His eldest son, Frederick William IV, succeeded him.

Ancestry

Further reading 
 Thomas Stamm-Kuhlmann: König in Preußens großer Zeit. Friedrich Wilhelm III., der Melancholiker auf dem Thron. Siedler,  Berlin 1992.
 Dagmar von Gersdorff: Königin Luise und Friedrich Wilhelm III. Eine Liebe in Preußen. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2001. .

Related pages

 Kingdom of Prussia

Notes 

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Notes 

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1770 births
1840 deaths
Electors and Electresses
House of Hohenzollern
Kings and Queens of Prussia
People from Potsdam
Population growth is the rate at which a population grows or expands. For example, if a population increased from 100 to 110 in a year, then it would have had a population growth of 10% per year.

World population 
World population has been rising since the end of the Black Death, around the year 1350. 

Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during the industrial revolution. Several factors were notable: the coming of modern agriculture, and the control of epidemic diseases (black death, cholera, typhus). Modern water engineering brought clean water to many large cities. Deaths from world wars, especially WWI, reversed the trend, but only for a while. 

The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s in Asia and Latin America. Medical advances, and increases in farming, have been the main causes.
A single example is both astonishing and revealing. Since 1945, half the forests of Indonesia have been replaced with farmland. As late as 1900, Indonesia was still a densely forested country: forests covered 84 percent of the total land area. Deforestation became serious in the 1970s, and has gone faster since then. About 170 million hectares (estimated in 1900) decreased to less than 100 million hectares by the end of the 20th century. In 2008, it was estimated that tropical rainforests in Indonesia would be logged out in a decade. Of the total logging in Indonesia, up to 80% is said to be done illegally.

Related pages
Overpopulation
Population density

Further reading

 YAN Kun(2011). The tendency equation of the population and its limit value in the United Kingdom (Brief annotation of the connection equation(R)), Xi'an: Xi'an Modern Nonlinear Science Applying Institute.

References

Other websites

Population
Olathe is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Johnson County. In 2010, 125,872 people lived in Olathe. It is the fourth biggest city in Kansas. By 2018, the Census Bureau estimated 139,605 people lived in Olathe.

History

19th century
Olathe was created by Dr. John T. Barton in Spring 1857. He came to the center of Johnson County, Kansas. He later told about his ride to friends: "...the prairie was covered with verbena and other wild flowers. I kept thinking the land was beautiful and that I should name the town Beautiful." Purportedly, Barton asked a Shawnee interpreter how to say "Beautiful" in his native language. The interpreter responded, "Olathe."
On September 6, 1862, William Quantrill led guerrilla Confederate soldiers in an attack against Olathe. A half dozen people died, and most of the city was destroyed. Quantrill captured the outpost, and he tried forcing the men to fight for the Confederacy. Kansas militia continued to stay in the Olathe military post for the rest of the Civil War.

Confederate soldiers would try to attack Olathe two more times. The first time happened on August 20–21, 1863 as Quantrill was going through on his way to Lawrence, Kansas (see Lawrence Massacre).  The second raid happened on October 24-5, 1864, when Confederate Major General Sterling Price with 10,000 men went through on their retreat South (see Price's Raid).

When the Confederates surrendered, the military post was ended in August 1865.
21st century
In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau said Olathe was the 24th fastest-growing city in the United States.  The same year, CNN/Money and Money magazine said Olathe was #11 on its list of the "100 Best Cities to Live in the United States."

On February 22, 2017, Adam Purinton said racial things and shot at crowded Austins Bar and Grill in southern Olathe. He shot and injured three people. One person died. The victims were Alok Madasani, Srinivas Kuchibhotla, and Ian Grillot. Purinton was later arrested in Clinton, Missouri. He was charged with one count of first-degree murder and two counts of attempted first-degree murder. This shooting got international attention because two of the victims were Indian.

Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water. Olathe has two public lakes: Lake Olathe and Cedar Lake with .

Olathe's Black Bob Park is named after Hathawekela Shawnee Chief Black Bob.
Weather
Olathe has a humid continental climate. It has cold winters and hot summers. Temperatures range from an average high of  and low  in January to an average high of nearly  in July. The temperature reaches  an average of 36 days per year and  an average of 3 days per year. The minimum temperature falls below freezing (32 °F) on average of 102 days per year. It does not go below  very often.

The area gets about  of precipitation during an average year. Most of the rain happens in May and June.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 125,872 people, 44,507 households, and 33,274 families living in Olathe.

Economy
The headquarters of Garmin, a company famous for making GPS systems, is in Olathe.

Biggest employers
The city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report says that the biggest employers in the city are:

Sister cities
  Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico

Friendship cities
 Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

References

Other websites

 City of Olathe
City of Olathe

Cities in Johnson County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1857 establishments in Kansas Territory
The Twenty-Third United States Census, known as Census 2010 or 2010 Census was a count of the population of the United States. It was done by the Census Bureau. It found that the population of the United States on April 1, 2010 was 308,745,538. This was an increase of 9.7 percent over the 281,421,906 people counted during the 2000 Census. This was the twenty-third federal census.

The Census Bureau did not use a long form for the 2010 Census. The 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions.

Cost
Cost 

The 2010 census cost $13 billion. It cost about $42 per capita. To compare, the 2010 census per-capita cost for China was about US$1; for India, the cost was US$0.40. Operational costs were $5.4 billion, under the $7 billion budget. In December 2010 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) noted that the cost of doing the census has doubled each decade since 1970. In a detailed 2004 report to Congress, the GAO asked the Census Bureau to fix cost and design problems. They estimated the 2010 Census cost to be $11 billion.

In August 2010, Commerce Secretary Gary Locke said that the census operational costs were a lot less than what they thought it would be. Their budget was almost $7 billion, but they saved:
$650 million was saved in the budget for the door-to-door questioning (NRFU) phase because 72% of households returned mailed questionnaires;
$150 million was saved because of lower-than-planned costs in areas including Alaska and tribal lands; and
the $800 million emergency fund was not needed.
References

Other websites 

2010 Census
2010 United States Census Form
U.S. Census Bureau
The 2010 Census: Winners and Losers  – slideshow by Life magazine
How to deep link into US Census Bureau FactFinder2 , see FactFinder2 info
Census: As Red States Grow, So Do Hispanic Populations Within – video report by Democracy Now!

2010 in the United States
United States Census
Objectivism may mean:

Objectivity (philosophy): A philosophical opinion or doctrine. It holds that reality exists outside (independent of) the human mind.

Moral objectivism: that some acts are right or wrong in themselves, and are not matters of opinion.

Objectivism (Ayn Rand). The objectivist philosophy created by novelist Ayn Rand, which endorses productive achievement and logical reasoning.

The Objectivist poets, a group of Modernist writers who emerged in the 1930s.
Attila, or Attila the Hun (406-453), was a leader of the Huns from 434 CE until he died in 453 CE. He was one of the most common ruler. 

Attila led the Hunnic Empire, and was known as a feared military commander. He invaded Gaul, and nearly captured the city of Aurelianum. In 451 CE, he lost the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, the only one he ever lost. He also invaded Italy and attacked and looted several towns.

Attila died in 453. The traditional account of his death is that it happened the night after his marriage to a woman named Ildiko. The Huns declined in the years immediately after Attila's death.

References

406 births
453 deaths
Asian military people
European military people
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) is an agency that is in control of many types of transport, including buses, commuter rail, elevated rail and subways. It operates 13 "Regional Rail" services in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area.

References 

 
1965 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Pennsylvania
Mount Pinatubo is a stratovolcano on Luzon in the Philippines. It is near the Tri-Cabusilan Mountain range, separating Luzon's west coast from the central plains. 

Before 1991, the volcano was inconspicuous and heavily eroded. It was covered with dense forest, and several thousand indigenous people lived there. The volcano erupted in June 1991, destroying thousands of buildings and houses and killing over 800 people. It was the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century after the 1912 eruption of Novarupta and had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6. Mount Pinatubo's eruption effects were felt worldwide. There is now a caldera where before was the central cone.
It erupted in June 15, 1991 and is located on the island of Luzon in the Phillipines. Many lahars and pyroclastic flows damaged much of the infrastructure of the country. They also killed upwards of 800 people. Officials at the US marine base were able to evacuate many people, but property damage was costly, totaling billions of Phillipine pesos.

Volcanoes of Asia
VEI-6 volcanoes
Geography of the Philippines
The transit agency SEPTA operates many Regional Rail services. SEPTA Regional Rail runs in the city and suburbs of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The lines were originally owned by the Reading Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad, long-time competitors. The Center City Commuter Connection connects the thirteen lines. The core stations in the CCCC are Suburban Station, the elevated 30th Street Station and Jefferson Station.

Regional Rail
Brookings is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Brookings County, and 22,056 people lived there at the 2010 census. The mayor of Brookings is Tim Reed. Brookings was founded in 1883. The city of Brookings was named after Wilmot Wood Brookings, a pioneer promoter.

References

Other websites

Brookings' Official city website

County seats in South Dakota
Cities in South Dakota
1883 establishments in Dakota Territory
Mama's Family was an American sitcom that aired beginning January 22, 1983 and ended February 24, 1990. The show was first canceled in May 1984, but returned in September 1986 in first-run syndication; between its cancellation and September 1985, NBC aired reruns of the sitcom.

The show's theme song is "Bless My Happy Home" by Emmy and Grammy award winner Peter Matz (music) and Vicki Lawrence (lyrics). The show's producers chose to use an instrumental version.

References

Other websites

 
 
 The Mama's Family Site 

1980s American sitcoms
NBC network shows
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
1983 American television series debuts‎ 
1990 American television series endings
University of South Dakota is a public university in Vermillion, South Dakota. The university has about 10,515 students. It was founded in 1862. The current president of the university is James W. Abbott.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Coyotes. They have 15 varsity teams, most of which compete in The Summit League. The football team plays in the Missouri Valley Football Conference.

Other websites
University of South Dakota's Official website
South Dakota Coyotes' Official athletics website 

Colleges and universities in South Dakota
South Dakota
South Dakota
1862 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota State University is a public university in Brookings, South Dakota. The university has about 12,816 students. It was founded in 1881. The current president of the university is David Chicoine.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Jackrabbits. They have 19 varsity teams, most of which compete in The Summit League. The football team plays in the Missouri Valley Football Conference.

Sources

Other websites
 South Dakota State University's Official website 
 South Dakota State Jackrabbits' Official athletics website

Missouri Valley Football Conference
The Summit League
Colleges and universities in South Dakota
1881 establishments in the United States
Black Rebel Motorcycle Club is an American rock band from San Francisco, California. Black Rebel Motorcycle Club has three members in the band; the current band members are Peter Hayes, Robert Levon Been and Leah Shapiro.

Band members 
Current
Peter Hayes – vocals, guitar, bass, synthesizer
Robert Levon Been – vocals, bass, guitar, piano
Leah Shapiro – drums, percussion

Former
Nick Jago - drums, percussion 
Peter Salisbury - drums, percussion 
Michael "Spike" Keating - bass, guitar

Discography

Albums
B.R.M.C. (2001)
Take Them On, On Your Own (2003)
Howl (2005)
Baby 81 (2007)
The Effects of 333 (2008)
Beat the Devil's Tattoo (2010)
Specter at the Feast (2013)
Wrong Creatures (2018)

Other websites 
Black Rebel Motorcycle Club's Official website

American rock bands
Musical groups from San Francisco
1998 establishments in California
DJ Hero is a music video game, released on October 27, 2009 in North America, October 28, 2009 in Australia and on October 29, 2009 in Europe. The game was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii video game consoles. The game uses a turntable-shaped controller that allows players to simulate the motions of a DJ. The game is a spin-off of the Guitar Hero video game series. It was well-received by journalists. GameSpot gave the game a 8.0 for both the 360 and PS3 and IGN gave the game a 9.0 for both the 360 and PS3. The game had such good sales that it produced a sequel called DJ Hero 2.

References

Other websites
 DJ Hero's official website 

2009 video games
Music video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Wii games
The NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament (also known as March Madness) is a single-elimination (if you lose a game, you stop playing) college basketball tournament. It has 68 college teams in it. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) created it in 1939. When it was started in 1939, only eight teams played in the tournament. The tournament is played from mid-March to early April.

32 of the teams in the tournament are the best teams in each Division I conference. 36 of the teams join the tournament by winning other basketball games. These teams are chosen by the NCAA to be in the tournament. For the tournament, there are four regions. Each team is put into a region. Each region has 16 teams. The tournament has seven rounds. It is three weeks long. The first round is called the First Four. It has eight teams in it. The four winning teams join the tournament.
Each team is given a number. It is from 1 to 16. In the tournament, the semifinals are known as the Sweet Sixteen. The finals are known as the Elite Eight. They are named for how many teams are in these rounds.

Thirty seven college basketball teams have won the tournament. As of 2023, UCLA has won it eleven times. The Kentucky Wildcats have won it eight times. The coach with the most wins is John Wooden. He coached UCLA. He has won it ten times.

Titles by school 
The following is a list of all schools that have won at least one NCAA men's basketball tournament, along with the year(s) in which they won their championship(s).
*Vacated title not included 

College basketball
National Collegiate Athletic Association
"These Words" is a pop and R&B single. It is sung by Natasha Bedingfield. It comes from Bedingfield's debut record Unwritten. It was the album's 2nd international single. The song hit top forty worldwide and was certified platinum for the United States and Australia. It was released in 2005 in the United States.

Natasha Bedingfield songs
2004 songs
Jarome Arthur-Leigh Adekunle Tig Junior Elvis Iginla (born July 1, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Calgary Flames, Pittsburgh Penguins, Boston Bruins, Colorado Avalanche and Los Angeles Kings.

He played in the WHL for the Kamloops Blazers where he played three seasons. He was drafted by the Dallas Stars with the 11th overall pick in the 1995 NHL Draft but did not play a game with them. He also played for the Calgary Flames for 16 years where he was the captain. He was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins on March 28, 2013 in exchange for Kenneth Agostino, Ben Hanowski, and a first-round draft pick in the 2013 NHL Draft. He played 28 combined games with the Penguins. He is a Christian of his father's faith. He is a part owner of the Kamloops Blazers.

On July 5, 2013, Iginla signed a one-year, $6 million contract with the Boston Bruins.
On July 1, 2014, Iginla signed three-year, $16 million contract with the Colorado Avalanche.

On March 1, 2017, the Avalanche traded Iginla to the Los Angeles Kings for a 2018 conditional fourth-round pick.

On July 30, 2018, Iginla announced his retirement.  He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on June 24, 2020.

References

Other websites

1977 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Boston Bruins players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian Christians
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Colorado Avalanche players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kamloops Blazers players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Rocket Richard Trophy winners
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Memorial Cup winners
Susan Lynn Orman, better known as Suze Orman (born June 5, 1951) is an American financial advisor, motivational speaker, and television host. Orman was born in Chicago. She received her B.A. in social work. She worked as a financial advisor for Merrill Lynch. In 1983 she became the vice-president of investments at Prudential Bache Securities. In 1987, she founded the Suze Orman Financial Group. She hosts The Suze Orman Show on CNBC since 2002. Orman has written seven New York Times best seller books. She also hosted six PBS specials based on her books, for which she won two daytime Emmy Awards. In addition to this, she also hosts programs on QVC.

1951 births
Living people
American journalists
Writers from Chicago
Emmy Award winners
Finding Nemo is an action-adventure video game. The game was released for the Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Nintendo GameCube video game consoles. The game was also released for the Macintosh, Mobile phone, and for  Microsoft Windows. GameSpot gave the game a 6.2 for the Xbox, PS2 and GameCube and IGN gave the game a 6.0 for the Xbox, PS2 and GameCube. The game is based on the 2003 movie Finding Nemo.

There was also a sequel for the Nintendo DS called, Finding Nemo: Escape to the Big Blue that was released on February 9, 2006.

Other websites
Finding Nemo  at MobyGames

2003 video games
Finding Nemo
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo GameCube games
MacOS games
Mobile games
PlayStation 2 games
Windows games
Xbox games
THQ games
Video games based on movies
Estelle Getty (July 25, 1923  July 22, 2008) was an American actress. She was born in New York City to Polish immigrants and was Jewish. She is best known for playing Sophia on the television show The Golden Girls from 19851992. She also starred in several motion pictures and other television sitcoms.

Early life
Estelle Scher was the daughter of the Polish-Jewish immigrants Sarah and Charles Scher. Her father opened a glass business in New York City.

Career
She had an acting career and got a job in New York and then, she began to appear in films.

From 1985-1992 she played in The Golden Girls as Sophia Petrillo. In 1986, she was awarded a Golden Globe Award and in 1988, an Emmy Award.
In the spinoff series The Golden Palace (1992-1993), she played the same role
After the end of The Golden Girls and The Golden Palace she played the role of Sophia in Empty Nest.

She was also in films like Stuart Little and Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot with Sylvester Stallone.
Personal life and death
In 1947 she married Arthur Gettleman and took the surname of her husband. She changed the surname in Getty. In 2000 she was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and didn't appear in public. In 2004,  her husband died and she moved to Los Angeles.  She died in 2008,  just three days before her 85th birthday. In her later years, after retiring from acting, she also battled Lewy body dementia.

References

Other websites 

 
 
Telegraph obituary

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York City
Emmy Award winning actors
Jewish American actors
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
1923 births
2008 deaths
Aqua is a Danish-Norwegian group who sing dance-pop music. The group were first signed in 1994. They have made two studio albums, two compilation albums, two remix albums and sixteen singles. The group split up in 2001 and reformed in 2007.

Discography 

1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
1990s establishments in Denmark
Copenhagen
Danish musical entertainers
Musical groups established in 1994
Pop music groups
1994 establishments in Europe
Musical groups disestablished in 2001
2001 disestablishments in Europe
Musical groups established in 2007
21st-century establishments in Denmark
2007 establishments in Europe
2000s disestablishments in Denmark
The Saturn Vue was a car. It was a compact crossover SUV. General Motors' made it. The Vue was part of the Saturn brand. The Saturn Corporation made it from 2002 to 2005.  The Vue was the first GM vehicle to use the Theta platform. Theta has become global since it  replaced the GM SUV frames, especially the Chevrolet Blazer frame. 

In 2006 GM introduced the second generation of the Vue, built by Opel. It was a rebadged Opel Antara with changes for the American market. This generation of the Vue was sold from 2007-2009 until Saturn stopped selling cars in 2010. The Vue is still being made by the General Motors company. General Motors reintroduced the Vue to fleets and companies as the Chevrolet Captiva Sport. In September 2014 GM announced that it would stop making the Captiva Sport and start selling its new subcompact CUV the Trax instead. Until 2012 the Vue was the only Saturn model that was re-introduced later followed by the Outlook's body style being used on the Acadia.
Saturn automobiles
Green vehicles
Sport utility vehicles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
A blister is a small pocket of fluid in an upper layer of the skin caused by friction, burning or freezing. Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum or plasma (blister water). Some blisters, however, are filled with blood; they are called blood blisters.

Blood blisters 

A blood blister is a pocket of fluid filled with blood.

Medical signs
The Saturn Outlook was a full-size crossover SUV that was built by General Motors' Saturn brand. The Outlook was made by the Saturn Corporation from 2006 to 2010 until Saturn went defunct in 2010. The Saturn Outlook replaced the Relay minivan which was discontinued due to its unsuccessful sales. The vehicle received a 5 out of 5 stars for both frontal and side by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and was also named Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's Top Safety Pick in both 2008 and 2009. Although the Saturn brand is no longer active GM has decided to use the bodyshell of the Outlook on the redesigned GMC Acadia.

Saturn automobiles
Sport utility vehicles
2000s automobiles
The Saturn Relay was a minivan that was built by General Motor's Saturn brand. The Relay was made by the Saturn Corporation from 2005 to 2007. The Relay was the first and only minivan made by the Saturn company. The Relay is also the only Saturn vehicle that was a badge engineered vehicle. Due to poor sales the Relay was replaced by the Saturn Outlook in 2006.

Saturn automobiles
Minivans
2000s automobiles
Weeds is an American comedy television series which was on Showtime from August 8, 2005 - September 16, 2012. The series is about a widow (who is played by Mary-Louise Parker) who is a mother of two sons Silas (who is played by Hunter Parrish) and Shane (who is played by Alexander Gould) and she turns to selling marijuana to support her family after her husband, Judah (who was played by Jeffrey Dean Morgan) suddenly dies.

Other websites
Weeds  on Showcase

2005 American television series debuts
2010s American comedy television series
2000s American comedy television series
Black comedy television series
English-language television programs
The Highwayman is a long poem by Alfred Noyes published in 1906. It is written in ballad form. It wasn't very popular when first published, and is still a barely read narrative poem today.

Story
The Highwayman tells the story of a highwayman who is in love with the daughter of an innkeeper. Her name is Bess and she has long black hair and red lips. A jealous ostler (person who works in the stable) who is in love with Bess reports the highwayman to the army.

When they come to ambush him, Bess kills herself to warn him and save his life. When he hears about the way she died, he becomes very angry and is shot down on the highway. The poem ends by saying that the ghosts of the two lovers eat each other. What a happy ending 

20th-century British poems
1906 works
Source Code is a 2011 American science fiction-thriller movie that was produced by Mark Gordon, Jordan Wynn and Philippe Rousselet and was directed by Duncan Jones. Source Code was released on April 1, 2011 in North America. The movie gained very positive reviews with a 90% from Rotten Tomatoes and a 74 out of 100 from Metacritic.

Cast 
Jake Gyllenhaal as Colter Stevens
Michelle Monaghan as Christina
Vera Farmiga as Carol Goodwin
Jeffrey Wright as Dr. Rutledge
Cas Anvar as Hazmi
Russell Peters as Max Denoff
Michael Arden as Derek Frost

Other websites 
Source Code's official website
 
 

2011 science fiction movies
2011 thriller movies
American science fiction movies
American thriller movies
Movies set in Chicago
Movies shot in Chicago
Time travel movies
A highwayman was a type of robber who attacked people who were travelling.  They were common in the British Isles from the time of Elizabeth I to the 1800s. Highwaymen rode on horses. They were thought to be socially superior to footpads (who robbed on foot).

Some highwaymen robbed alone but others worked in gangs.  They often targeted coaches because they did not have much defence, They stole money, jewellery and other valuable items. The penalty for robbery with violence was execution by hanging. The 17th century highwayman James Hind was hanged, drawn and quartered. As a supporter of King Charles, the Protectorate charged him with treason.

One of the most famous highwaymen was Dick Turpin, who was hanged for his crimes in 1739. The Australian bushranger  Ben Hall was said to be one too. 
The worst place for highwayman were Shooter’s Hill and Finchely Common.
Highwayman were not only just men but woman too.The Soldiers would catch the Highwayman.

References 

Robbery