Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
References

Other websites 
We Shall Overcome: Historic Places of the Civil Rights Movement, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage at Travel Itinerary
A Columbia University Resource for Teaching African American History
Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle, an encyclopedia presented by the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University 

Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle  ~ an online multimedia encyclopedia presented by the King Institute at Stanford University, includes information on over 1000 civil rights movement figures, events and organizations
"CivilRightsTravel.com" ~ a visitors guide to key sites from the civil rights movement
The History Channel: Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights in America: Connections to a Movement
Books 
 Manfred Berg and Martin H. Geyer; Two Cultures of Rights: The Quest for Inclusion and Participation in Modern America and Germany Cambridge University Press, 2002
 Jack Donnelly and Rhoda E. Howard; International Handbook of Human Rights Greenwood Press, 1987
 David P. Forsythe; Human Rights in the New Europe: Problems and Progress University of Nebraska Press, 1994
 Joe Foweraker and Todd Landman; Citizenship Rights and Social Movements: A Comparative and Statistical Analysis Oxford University Press, 1997
 Mervyn Frost; Constituting Human Rights: Global Civil Society and the Society of Democratic States Routledge, 2002
 Marc Galanter; Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India University of California Press, 1984
 Raymond D. Gastil and Leonard R. Sussman, eds.; Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1986-1987 Greenwood Press, 1987
David Harris and Sarah Joseph; The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and United Kingdom Law Clarendon Press, 1995
 Steven Kasher; The Civil Rights Movement: A Photographic History (1954–1968) Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.), 2000
 Francesca Klug, Keir Starmer, Stuart Weir; The Three Pillars of Liberty: Political Rights and Freedoms in the United Kingdom Routledge, 1996
 Fernando Santos-Granero and Frederica Barclay; Tamed Frontiers: Economy, Society, and Civil Rights in Upper Amazonia Westview Press, 2000
 Paul N. Smith; Feminism and the Third Republic: Women's Political and Civil Rights in France, 1918-1940 Clarendon Press, 1996
 Jorge M. Valadez; Deliberative Democracy: Political Legitimacy and Self-Determination in Multicultural Societies Westview Press, 2000
Hōmyō dōji () is a story from Japanese folklore. It is about a man who has a son. The son has to be a human sacrifice to a snake. He does not get sacrificed. Another boy named Hōmyō offers to sacrifice himself instead. Hōmyō's father is dead. Hōmyō is a Buddhist. A Bodhisattva saves him from dying. Hōmyō meets the king. The king does not like Buddhism, the religion that Hōmyō believes in. Hōmyō tells the king his story. The king becomes a Buddhist and quits his job as king.

References

Other websites
 Digitised scans of the Hōmyō dōji e-hon, Library of Congress, North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resources: Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3.

Buddhism
Japanese folklore
Codex Huamantla, which is also called the Codex of Huamantla and Códice de Huamantla is a book about the Otomi people. It was made by two people. People think it was finished in the year 1592. The first story is about the Otomi people migrating from a place called Chiapas to another place called Huamantla, Tlaxcala, which are both in the country of Mexico today. The other story is about how the Otomi people were involved in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.

References

1590s books
South American culture
Toshio Irie (, Irie Toshiō, January 10, 1901 – July 18, 1972) was a Japanese politician and bureaucrat. He was born in Tokyo. He went to college at Tokyo University. After he graduated from college he joined Japan's Ministry of Home Affairs. He then worked for the Cabinet Legislation Bureau as Counselor in the year 1927. He worked under Shigeru Yoshida. In 1946, Toshio earned a new job and became Director-General of the Bureau. As Director-General he worked on writing the Constitution of Japan after World War II. Toshio was added to the House of Peers. Two years later he had a new job as Commissioner General for the House of Representatives. From the year 1952 until 1970 he was a Justice for the Supreme Court of Japan. He worked as a Justice longer than any other Justice in Japanese Supreme Court history.

He retired from working in politics in 1971. He then became a teacher at Komazawa University. He died in 1972.

References

1901 births
1972 deaths
Politicians from Tokyo
University of Tokyo alumni
Aphrodite is the eleventh studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It was released worldwide in July 2010 by Parlophone Records. The album contains four singles, "All the Lovers", "Get Outta My Way", "Better Than Today" and "Put Your Hands Up (If You Feel Love)". The four singles have all reached number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.

Track listing

References

Other websites 
Official website of Kylie Minogue

2010 albums
Kylie Minogue albums
Dance-pop albums
Seokbosangjeol (釋譜詳節) is the biography of Gautama Buddha written in Korean. It was made by Sejo of Joseon when he was still a prince. 

Sejo of Joseon used Chinese books as source text for the book. It features books like Lotus Sutra, Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra, and Amitabha Sutra. It was the first time that someone had translated Buddhist sutras into Korean language from Chinese language. The book was made after Sejo of Joseon's mother died. People from around Korea were able to buy the book. It was published in 1447. It came in 24 volumes. Many of the volumes have been lost. The National Library of Korea owns a copy.

The book is one of the first times that the hangul alphabet was ever printed in a book.

References

Buddhism
Biographies (books)
15th-century books
Korean culture
Marc Chagall (6 July  1887  28 March 1985) was a Jewish Belarusian-French artist. He is famous for his fauvist, cubist and expressionist paintings.

Other websites
2013 show at Tate Liverpool
Marc Chagall's official website

Russian artists
1887 births
1985 deaths
Vincenzo Sangermano (1758-1819) was a Roman Catholic priest from Italy. He was a Barnabite. He was a missionary in Burma from 1783-1806.

Further reading

Sangermano, Vincenzo and Nicholas Patrick Wiseman. The Burmese Empire a Hundred Years Ago. Westminister: A. Constable and Company (1893). 
Sangermano, Vincenzo. A Description of the Burmese Empire. London: Oriental Translation Fund of Geat Britain and Ireland (1833).

References

Italian Roman Catholic priests
Roman Catholic missionaries
1758 births
1819 deaths
Province of Frosinone
Goofy is a Disney character. He is a dog-like character and the friend of Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. He is a tall, anthropomorphic dog. He typically wears a turtle neck and vest, with pants, shoes, white gloves, and a tall hat originally designed as a rumpled fedora.

He has been voiced by Bill Farmer since 1987.
Filmography
Polar Trappers (With Donald Duck)
The Fox Hunt (With Donald Duck)
Goofy and Wilbur 
Billposters (With Donald Duck)
Goofy's Glider
Baggage Buster
The Art of Skiing
The Art of Self Defense
How to Play Baseball
The Olympic Champ
How to Swim
How to Fish
Victory Vehicles
How to Be a Sailor
How to Play Golf
How to Play Football
Tiger Trouble
African Diary
Californy 'er Bust
No Sail (With Donald Duck)
Hockey Homicide
A Knight for a Day
Frank Duck Brings 'em Back Alive (With Donald Duck)
Double Dribble
Crazy with the Heat (With Donald Duck)
Foul Hunting
They're Off
The Big Wash
Tennis Racquet
Goofy Gymnastics
Motor Mania
Hold That Pose
Lion Down
Home Made Home
Cold War
Tomorrow We Diet!
Get Rich Quick
Fathers Are People
No Smoking
Father's Lion
Hello Aloha
Teachers Are People
Two-Gun Goofy
Man's Best Friend
Two Weeks Vacation
How to Be a Detective
Father's Day Off
For Whom the Bulls Toil
Father's Week-end
How to Dance
How to Sleep
Aquamania
Freewayphobia
Goofy's Freeway Troubles
References 

Disney characters
Fictional characters introduced in the 1930s
Fictional dogs
Kingdom Hearts characters
Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck are Disney characters. They are Donald Duck's nephews and triplets.

The trio first appeared in a newspaper comic strip on October 17, 1937. Their first animated appearance was in the short film Donald's Nephews, released April 15, 1938.

They starred in the 1987 television series DuckTales.  In the DuckTales stories they appeared in adventures with their great-uncle, Scrooge McDuck.  In the 1990s series Quack Pack the boys were shown as teenagers.

Other websites

Disney characters
Fictional characters introduced in the 1930s
Fictional ducks
Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture & Heritage (ADACH) is a government agency of the United Arab Emirates, that takes care of the cultural heritage of the country. It was founded in 1981. It is based in Abu Dhabi. It has a collection of photographs by Edward "Tug" Wilson.

References

1981 establishments in Asia
Government agencies
Cultural organizations

Organizations based in the United Arab Emirates
In Norse mythology, Hjúki and Bil are a brother and sister who follow Máni (the moon personified) across the sky. They are described in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Theories claim that the two gods' roles in mythology are the moon's phases. It is said that the two children were carrying a pail of water from a sacred well and that Máni swooped down and took the pail. The two children chase after Máni to attempt to take back their pail.

Norse gods and goddesses
Sigyn is a goddess in Norse mythology. She is the wife of Loki. Sigyn is described in the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda. She is said to be a very loyal wife. She is the goddess of fidelity and bonds who stays with Loki even during his final punishment. Her name means victorious and she is often depicted holding a bowl over Loki to catch the venom of a serpent to prevent it from burning him.

Norse gods and goddesses
William Noah Hedges (16 July 1856 – 21 November 1935) was an Australian politician. Born in Hertfordshire in England, he moved to Australia in 1878. He ran a stone quarry in Queensland, and then moved to South Australia where he was contracted to repair bridges and buildings at Mount Barker. He worked in Adelaide for several years building wharves and railways.

He moved to Western Australia in 1893, where he bought and managed a timber and firewood company. He owned farms in Western Australia and South Australia. In 1906, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the member for Fremantle. He was the only representative of the Western Australian Party. Although John Forrest was the leader of the party, Forrest took no part in the Western Australian Party. Hedges joined the newly formed Commonwealth Liberal Party in 1909. He held the seat until he was defeated in 1913. He had was also unsuccessful in elections in 1918, 1919 and 1922.
He wrote a several small books, "A practical scheme for land settlement in Western Australia" (1922), "Proposals for agricultural railways in Western Australia" (1924) and "Wheat growing in Western Australia" (1930).

In 1929, he became President of the Western Australian Employers Federation. He remained in this position until his death in 1935.

References

Commonwealth Liberal Party politicians
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
1856 births
1935 deaths
My So-Called Life is an American teen drama television series. It takes place at the fictional Liberty High School, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The main character is Angela Chase. She is played by Claire Danes. The last show was a cliffhanger. The people who made the program thought it would be on television for another season. It was canceled on May 15, 1995.

Many people enjoyed the program because the characters seemed like real teens. In 2007, it was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME". TV Guide ranked the series number 16 on its 25 Top Cult Shows Ever list.

Soundtrack
Atlantic Records released a soundtrack of the show, which originally released on August 25, 1994, then re-released on January 24, 1995.
"Make It Home" by Juliana Hatfield – 4:44
 "Soda Jerk" by  Buffalo Tom – 4:26
 "Genetic" by  Sonic Youth – 3:46
 "Petty Core" by Further – 3:46
 "Drop a Bomb" by Madder Rose – 2:11
 "Fountain and Fairfax" by Afghan Whigs – 4:21
 "South Carolina" by Archers of Loaf – 3:30
 "Dawn Can't Decide" by The Lemonheads – 2:19
 "The Book Song" by Frente! – 2:40
 "Come See Me Tonight" by Daniel Johnston – 1:59
 "My So-Called Life Theme"; words and music by W.G. Snuffy Walden – 1:12

References

1994 American television series debuts
1995 American television series endings
1990s American drama television series
1990s teen television series
American LGBT television programs
American teen drama television series
High school television series
Pittsburgh in fiction
Television series about families
Television series about friendship
English-language television programs
Lee Strasberg (born Israel Lee Strassberg; November 17, 1901 – February 17, 1982) was a Polish-born American actor, director and acting teacher. Strasberg was known for teaching Anne Bancroft, Dustin Hoffman, Montgomery Clift, James Dean, Marilyn Monroe, Julie Harris, Paul Newman, Al Pacino, Robert De Niro and director Elia Kazan.

Strasberg was born on November 17, 1901 in Budzanów, Austrian Poland (now in Ukraine). He was married to Nora Krecaun from 1926 until her death in 1929. Then he was married to Paula Miller from 1934 until her death in 1966. He was married to Anna Mizrahi from 1967 until his death in 1982. They had four children. Strasberg died on February 17, 1982 in New York City from a heart attack, aged 80.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Strasberg video lectures 
 The Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute 
 
 
 John Strasberg Studios
 Photo & Gravesite
 Audio Interview with Lee Strasberg on WGBH
1901 births
1982 deaths
Actors from New York City
American teachers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Jewish American actors
Movie directors from New York (state)
Movie producers from New York (state)
Educators from New York City
William Desmond Anthony Pertwee, MBE (21 July 1926 – 27 May 2013) was an English comedy actor best known for playing the part of antagonist ARP Warden Hodges in the popular sitcom Dad's Army.

Pertwee was born on 21 July 1926 in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England. He was the second cousin once removed of Michael Pertwee and Jon Pertwee, being the second cousin of their father, screenwriter and actor Roland Pertwee. 

Pertwee was married to Jean Pertwee from 1960 until they divorced a few months later. Then he was married to Marion Pertwee from 1965 until her death in 2005. He had a son, James Pertwee. Pertwee died on 27 May 2013 in Truro, Cornwall, England from natural causes, aged 86.

References

Other websites

 Bill Pertwee recalls his appearance on This Is Your Life

1926 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Buckinghamshire
English movie actors
English radio actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English writers
The Zee Cine Award is an awards ceremony for the Hindi movie industry.  They are called "ZCA" for short.  The awards started in 1998.  Some awards were selected by public votes.  Other awards were selected by an industry jury.

The ceremony was in Mumbai until 2004. After 2004 the place changed several times.  Places include Dubai, London, Mauritius, Malaysia, and Singapore.

Movie awards
Bollywood
Arthur Lowe (22 September 1915 – 15 April 1982) was an English actor. He is best known for playing Captain George Mainwaring in the popular British sitcom Dad's Army from 1968 until 1977.

Lowe was born on 22 September 1915 in Hayfield, Derbyshire, England. He studied at Chapel Street Junior School. Lowe was married to Joan Cooper from 1948 until his death in 1982. They had a son, Stephen Lowe. Lowe died on 15 April 1982 from a stroke in Birmingham, England, aged 66.

Other websites
 
 Performances in the Theatre Archive University of Bristol

1915 births
1982 deaths
Actors from Derbyshire
Deaths from stroke
English comedians
English movie actors
English radio actors
English radio personalities
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English television personalities
Peri Kay Oldham (also known as Peri Gilpin; born May 27, 1961) is an American actress. She acts mostly television. She played Roz Doyle in the sitcom Frasier beginning in 1993 - ending in 2004. Gilpin was born in Waco, Texas.

American television actors
Actors from Texas
1961 births
Living people
People from Waco, Texas
NRK1 is a television channel in Norway. It is the main channel of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). Test broadcasts started on 12 January 1954 and regular test broadcasts started on 13 April 1958. Regular broadcasts started on 20 August 1960. It is Norway's oldest and largest television channel.  It was previously known as simply as "NRK". The channel now known as "NRK1", to distinguish itself from sister channel "NRK2", which started broadcasting in 1996.

Other websites 
 

Television channels in Europe
1954 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Norway
NML Cygni or V1489 Cygni is a red hypergiant star. It is one of the largest stars known at present. One study says its radius is 1,640 times the Sun's radius (solar radii), but an older study from 2010 says its radius is only 1,183 solar radii. It is one of the brightest supergiant stars. It was discovered in 1965, by Gerry Neugebauer, D.M. Martz and Robert Leighton. The name 'NML' comes from the names of the three discoverers.  

NML Cygni's distance from Earth is about 5,250 light-years. This star has dust surrounding it. It has a bean-shaped asymmetric nebula with water vapour. It is a semiregular variable star. This means its brightness changes over 940 days.
This star is a part of the Cygnus OB2 association, which is 1.74 ± 0.2 kpc away. This is one of the nearest massive star groups to the Sun. This group includes some of the most massive and brightest stars known, including the suspected luminous blue variable Cyg OB2 #12. NML Cygni has lots of oxygen. Molecules like H2O, Silicon monoxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monosulfide, sulfur monoxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are also in the star.

NML Cygni has two dense outer layers of dust and molecules. The star is also losing mass by slowly throwing gas into space.  The dust envelopes are formed by this process.

References 

Red giants
Variable stars
Hypergiants
An Off-by-one error is a logic error that often occurs in Computer programming and that often involves the checking of boundary conditions.

A fencepost error (occasionally called a telegraph pole or lamp-post error) is a specific type of off-by-one error. The following problem illustrates the error:

The intuitive answer 10 is wrong. The fence has 10 sections, but 11 posts.

The reverse error occurs when the number of posts is known and the number of sections is assumed to be the same. The actual number of sections is one less than the number of posts. 

More generally, the problem can be stated as follows:

The correct answer may be n − 1, n, or n + 1, depending on the conditions. The precise problem definition must be carefully considered, as the setup for one situation may give the wrong answer for other situations.  Fencepost errors come from counting things rather than the spaces between them, or vice versa, or by neglecting to consider whether one should count one or both ends of a row.
Off by one errors often occur with loops. If there are a number of fields, eg. in an array, and there is a loop over the array, an off-by-one error means that either there is one iteration too few to cover all elements, or one too many. In the first case, one element of the array is left out, in the second the index of the array will be outside its dimensions. The second error usually leads to an runtime error, because the program checks the size of the data structure, and sees that there are too few elements for the iteration. The first error is more problematic, because it usually is not detected. All that may point to the error is that one element is not initialized or does not have the expected value. 

Computer science
In Computer programming a logic error is a bug in a program, which causes it to work incorrectly. A logic error produces unintended behaviour or output. In many cases, the syntax of the program is correct. This means that the environment used to make the program will not show an error. This makes logic errors difficult to find.

Examples

This example function in C to calculate the average of two numbers contains a logic error. It is missing brackets in the calculation, so it compiles and runs but does not give the right answer.
int average(int a, int b)
{
    return a + b / 2;     /* should be (a + b) / 2 */
}

Computer programming
Brandon is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Minnehaha County, which is in the eastern part of the state. The city is about five miles east of Sioux Falls, and 8,785 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites  
Brandon city website 

Cities in South Dakota
Frankenstein is a 1931 horror movie. It was directed by James Whale. It is based on the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. The movie stars Colin Clive, Mae Clarke, John Boles, and Boris Karloff. The movie was a great success with both audiences and critics. It was followed by multiple sequels, including The Bride of Frankenstein and The Son of Frankenstein.

References

Other websites
 Frankenstein (1931)  at DBCult Film Institute 
 
 
 
 
 More Than the Sum of Its Parts: The Making of Frankenstein  by Stephen Jacobs at Creativescreenwriting.com

1931 movies
Movies based on books
American horror movies
Black-and-white movies
United States National Film Registry movies
1930s horror movies
Frankenstein movies
Mad scientist movies
Monster movies
Universal Pictures movies
Cato the Younger (Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, 95 BC, Rome – April 46 BC, Utica) was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy. He was known as Cato Minor to distinguish him from his great-grandfather (Cato the Elder). A noted orator, he had great moral integrity. He could not be bribed, and disliked the political corruption of the age. He is remembered for his stubbornness and for his lengthy conflict with Julius Caesar.
Cato's political and military career 
As a military tribune, Cato was sent to Macedon in 67 BC at the age of 28. He was given command of a legion. He led his men from the front, sharing their work, food, and sleeping quarters. He was strict in discipline and punishment but was popular with his legionaries. When in Macedon, he got the news that his brother Caepio was dying in Thrace. He set off to see him but his brother died before he arrived. Cato was overwhelmed by grief and, for once, he spared no expense to organize lavish funeral ceremonies.
Quaestor 
On his return to Rome in 65 BC, Cato was elected to the position of quaestor. One of his first moves was to prosecute former quaestors for misusing funds and dishonesty. Cato also prosecuted Sulla's informers, who had acted as head-hunters during Sulla's dictatorship. Cato did this even when the men were well connected politically. At the end of the year, Cato stepped down from his quaestorship amid popular acclaim, but he never ceased to keep an eye on the treasury, always looking for irregularities.

As senator, Cato was scrupulous and determined. He never missed a session of the Senate and publicly criticized those who did so. From the beginning, he aligned himself with the Optimates, the conservative faction of the Senate. Many of the Optimates at this time had been Sulla's personal friends, whom Cato had despised since his youth, yet Cato attempted to make his name by returning his faction to its pure republican roots.
Tribune of the plebs 
In 63 BC, he was elected tribune of the plebs for the following year. He helped the consul, Cicero, deal with the Catiline conspiracy. Lucius Sergius Catilina, a noble patrician, led a rebellion against the state, raising an army in Etruria. 

When Cicero discovered a plot against the consuls and other magistrates in Rome, he arrested the conspirators. Cicero proposed to execute them without trial, which would have been legal under the senatus consultum ultimum. In the Senate's discussion, Julius Caesar agreed the conspirators were guilty, but argued for distributing them among Italian cities "for safekeeping". In contrast, Cato argued that capital punishment was necessary to deter treason: it was folly to wait for the test of the conspirators' guilt. Convinced by Cato's argument, the Senate approved Cicero's proposal, and  the conspirators were executed. Most of Catilina's army quit the field, much as Cato had predicted.
Cato against Caesar 
Cato was a supporter of Pompey, and continued the fight after Pompey was dead. The anti-Caesar forces, known as the Optimates were reinforced by forces from local rulers. They numbered about eight legions (40.000 men) plus sixty elephants. Caesar defeated the Optimates at the Battle of Thapsus in modern Tunisia, North Africa. Cato did not actually take part in the battle, which was led by a colleague, and committed suicide after the defeat. Roughly 10,000 enemy soldiers wanted to surrender to Caesar, but were instead slaughtered by Caesar's army. This was unusual for Caesar, who was known as a merciful victor. No explanation of this is known.

95 BC births
46 BC deaths
Roman politicians
People who committed suicide
Roman people
The Mummy is a 1932 horror movie. It was directed by Karl Freund. It stars Boris Karloff as The Mummy, Zita Johann, David Manners, and Edward Van Sloan. The movie is about an Egyptian mummy that returns to life to stalk a woman who is the reincarnation of his lost love.

Other websites
 
 

1932 movies
1930s horror movies
American horror movies
Movies set in Egypt
Movies about reincarnation
The Mummy
Universal Pictures movies
Woolwich is an area of the Royal Borough of Greenwich in south-east London.

Areas of London
Royal Borough of Greenwich
Sodium fluoroacetate is a chemical compound that is a poison for many organisms. Pesticides used kill rodents sometimes contain Sodium monofluoroacetate. Sometimes the chemical substance is used as a marker for cancer cells in Positron emission tomography. TO act as a marker, only very small quantities of a substance are needed. For this reason, the toxicity of Sodium fluoroacetate is not a problem.

 Fluoroacetate occurs naturally in at least 40 plants in Australia, Brazil, and Africa. It was first identified in the poison leaf (gifblaar) Dichapetalum cymosum by Marais in 1944. As early as 1904, colonists in Sierra Leone used extracts of Chailletia toxicaria which also contains fluoroacetic acid or its salts to poison rats. Several native Australian plant genera contain the toxin, including: Gastrolobium, Gompholobium, Oxylobium, Nemcia and Acacia.

References

Sodium compounds
Pesticides
A marking knife is a knife used in woodworking. It is used to mark a line that is to be followed by a saw or chisel when cutting the wood.

Woodworking tools
Cutting tools
A starburst galaxy is a galaxy with a very high rate of star formation. The rate of star formation is so large that the galaxy will quickly use all of its gas reservoir (from which the stars are made). 

So, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a short phase in a galaxy's evolution, just tens of millions of years. Most starburst galaxies are in the midst of a galaxy merger or at least close encounter with another galaxy. 

Studying nearby starburst galaxies can help us explore the history of galaxy formation and evolution. Many very distant galaxies seen, for example, in the Hubble Deep Field are known to be starbursts, but they are too far away to be studied in any detail. Looking at nearby examples give us an idea of what was happening in the early universe. The light we see from distant galaxies left them when the universe was much younger (see redshift).
Starburst galaxies seem to be quite rare in our local universe, and are more common further away. This suggests there were more of them billions of years ago. All galaxies were closer together then, and therefore more likely to be influenced by each other's gravity. More frequent encounters produced more starbursts as galactic forms evolved with the expanding universe.

Notable and well-known starburst galaxies 
These include: 
M82- The prototype of this class of galaxy and is interacting with Messier 81.Also know as the Cigar Galaxy.
Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/NGC 4039) This is actually 2 galaxies, interacting and merging.
IC 10- The only starburst galaxy in the Local Group and just a mild one.
Centaurus A- The only case of an elliptical starburst galaxy.
Messier 100- A so-called Grand design spiral galaxy in Virgo.
Cartwheel galaxy- A famous ring galaxy.
The cricket teams of Bangladesh and England have played against each other in One Day Internationalss since 2000. They have met on 15 occasions. England is most successful with 13 victories, Bangladesh have won in only 2 games.

Summary of results

List of matches

In Bangladesh

In England

In Neutral Venue

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
England national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

England sport-related lists
Bangladeshi cricket lists
Cricket in England
Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034, Cigar galaxy or M82) is the nearby starburst galaxy about 12 million light years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It is five times brighter than the whole Milky Way and one hundred times brighter than our galaxy's center.

In 2005, the Hubble Space Telescope revealed 197 young massive clusters in the starburst core.  The average mass of these clusters is around 2 M⊙, hence the starburst core is a very energetic and high-density environment. Throughout the galaxy's center, young stars are being born 10 times faster than they are inside our entire Milky Way Galaxy.

Messier 81 triggering starburst
M82 is being physically affected by its larger neighbor, nearby spiral M81. Tidal forces caused by gravity have deformed M82, a process that started about 100 million years ago. This interaction has caused star formation to increase tenfold compared to "normal" galaxies.
Recently, M82 has undergone at least one tidal encounter with M81. This resulted in a large amount of gas being funnelled into the galaxy's core over the last 200 million years (myr).  The most recent such encounter is thought to have happened around 2–5 years ago and resulted in a concentrated starburst together with a marked peak in the cluster age distribution.  This starburst ran for up to ~50 myr at a rate of ~10 M⊙ per year. Two subsequent starbursts followed, the last  of which (~4–6 myr ago) may have formed the core star clusters.
Unknown object 
In April 2010, radio astronomers at the Jodrell Bank Observatory of the University of Manchester reported an unknown object in M82. The object started sending out radio waves, and the emission did not look like anything seen anywhere in the universe before.
There have been several theories about the nature of this unknown object, but currently no theory entirely fits the observed data. The object is several arcseconds from the center of M82. It has an apparent motion of four times the speed of light relative to the galaxy centre.

References 

Starburst galaxies
The cricket teams of Bangladesh and Scotland have played against each other in One Day Internationals since 1999. They have met on 4 occasions. Bangladesh is most successful with 3 victories while Scotland has not won any games. The other game was abandoned without a ball played.

Summary of results

List of ODIs

Key

 (D/L) denotes that the Duckworth–Lewis method was used in the match
 # denotes that the team batting second were chasing a revised target

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
Scotland national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

Cricket lists
Bangladeshi cricket lists
Sport in Scotland
The Baby boom galaxy  is a starburst galaxy 12.2 billion light years away.

It was discovered by NASA's Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology. The galaxy is the new record holder for the brightest starburst galaxy in the very distant universe, its brightness being a measure of its extreme star-formation rate.

The Baby boom galaxy has been called "the extreme stellar machine" because it is seen producing stars at a surprising rate of up to 4,000 per year. Our Milky Way galaxy turns out an average of just 10 stars per year.

At its rate, the galaxy needs only 50 million years to grow into an equivalent of the most massive galaxy ever observed.
The discovery challenges the accepted model for galaxy formation. This has most galaxies slowly bulking up by absorbing pieces of other galaxies, rather than growing internally. Another unusual aspect is the fact that scientists are observing this galaxy at a time when the universe was only a little over 1.4 billion years old. Evidently, the galaxy was doing this when the universe was still in its infancy.

"This galaxy is undergoing a major baby boom, producing most of its stars all at once", said Peter Capak of NASA's Spitzer Science Center. To that, the principal investigator of the Cosmic Evolution Surveyor, Nick Scoville of Caltech responded:
"We may be witnessing, for the first time, the formation of one of the most massive elliptical galaxies in the universe".

Multi-wavelength 
The different colors in the figure of the Baby boom galaxy refers to different wavelengths. The red color refers to new born stars in the galaxy. Interfered lights are giving off as the warm dust is heated by the stars.
References 

Starburst galaxies
The Pontic Greek genocide was the killing of all Greek people who lived in the Pontus region of Ottoman Empire. This is the northeast of modern Turkey. The genocide took place between 1914 and 1923. It happened when the Young Turks and Kemalists killed or deported Pontians through the Syrian desert. The estimates of the number of people that were killed vary. Most historians say between 350,000 and 353,000 were effected.

The genocide ended with deportation of survivors to Greece. This happened during the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923. The agreement to allow this exchange of people wassigned after the Second Greco-Turkish War.

The Pontic genocide is part of the Greek genocide. It is often seen as separate because of the geographic separation of Pontus and  political and historical features.
Background 
Since 700 BC, Pontic Greeks lived near the southern coast of the Black Sea in the Pontus region. They had a strong culture with many important Greek philosophers and writers. In the 11th century, the Turks started moving to central Anatolia, This area is now Turkey. They moved into the Pontus region. Under the Byzantine Empire (395 CE-1453), the two groups got along well with each other.

However, from the start of the Ottoman Empire (1299-1922), the Pontic Greeks were not equal to the rest of the population because they were a Christian minority in a Muslim Empire. Many Christian Greeks had better education and a higher economic position in the empire. This made many Muslims angry. Religion was a sign of loyalty in the Ottoman Empire. But most Pontics did not want to change their religion to Islam. That is why they were seen as a danger to the empire.
The Young Turk Revolution was the event that changed the lives of Pontic Greeks in Anatolia. The political idea of the Young Turks movement was to "turkify" the Ottoman Empire. They wanted to bring together everyone who shared the same language, history and culture. This also meant that everyone who was not part of this group would have to leave. The people in the Ottoman Empire were scared that Christian groups like the Pontic Greeks would try to separate the Muslim Empire. This would mean that they would lose control and power over their areas. Because of this they started the genocide - to remove everyone who was not Turkish from Anatolia.

In the time between 1914-1923, about 353,000 Pontic Greeks were killed and 1.5 million were send into exile, meaning they were forced to leave their homes. The genocide came in different forms and had two main phases: Young Turk and Kemalist.
Young Turk phase (1914-1918)
Pontic Greek men between 20 and 50 were sent to do slave work in working groups and camps of the military (Amele Tabourou). They were supposed to free the ways and open roads for Turkish armies all over Turkey. Many Pontic men died because they had to work a lot and there was not enough water and food for everyone. In the time between 1914-1918, 88 Pontic Greek villages were burnt down, women and girls were raped, houses were robbed and people murdered. 100,000 Pontic Greeks were killed and about 255.000 were forced to leave.

The interwar period (1918-1919)
After World War I, the Ottoman Empire and Great Britain signed the Armistice of Mudros. This agreement allowed Greek survivors of the War to go back to their homes in Anatolia. However, most of their homes were destroyed and it was not safe for them to stay there. The armistice also allowed Greece to invade in Turkey if they felt like they needed to protect the Greeks in Anatolia. This is why Greece came to the city of Smyrna on May 15, 1919 and started the Second Greco-Turkish War.

Kemalist phase (1919-1923)
The second phase of the Pontic Greek genocide took place during the Second Greco-Turkish War. It was larger by scale, than the first one, and resulted in complete dissappearance of Greeks in area.
Turks feared the permanent occupation and Hellenization of parts of Anatolia, with Ionia falling under direct Athenian governance, and separatism and revolt by Ottoman Greeks resulting in the establishment of Pontic state on the Black Sea. This concerns increased drastically after Greek landing in Smyrna on 15th of May and became one of main reasons (and justifications) for final stage of the genocide. In late May 1919, Kemal, having just arrived in Samsun, informed Constantinople that since the Armistice "forty guerilla" bands, "in an organized program", were killing Turks in order to "establish a Pontus state". But the reality was different. All this separatist hubbub resulted in almost no acts of organized rebellion and very little anti-Turk actions. Most Ottoman Greeks, in the Pontus as elsewhere in Anatolia, remained unmoved by ethnic-nationalist appeals. An American diplomat who toured the major Pontic cities in summer 1919 reported, "many of the most influential and rational Greeks..
... In Trebizond view this policy [of separatism] with disfavor.". The local Greek Archbishop, Chrysantonos, was also opposed. Why Ottoman Greeks by and large distanced themselves from the pan-Hellenic national message, and certainly failed to act on it, is unclear. Perhaps it was matter of poorly developed political consciousness; perhaps it was due to the centuries-long tradition of submissiveness to Islamic hegemony. Also they feared massacre - as had just befallen Armenians. Demographic realities assuredly contributed: Turks predominate in Pontus, as in Anatolia in general - and Pontic Greeks knew it, whatever their spokesmen sometimes said.
A few days after the war started, on May 19, M. Kemal Atatürk was ordered to go to Samsun, which is a city in  in the Pontus region, to create order there. Instead, he brought more Turkish nationalists together and strengthened his tactics against the Pontic Greeks. Even more Greeks were kidnapped, killed, and tortured. Three hundred villages were destroyed and people were burnt alive in their homes.

Under the order of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Pontic Greeks were forced to leave their homes and had to go onto death marches through the Syrian desert. The Greeks walked for weeks, even months and many lost their lives because there was not enough food, water or protection. They were joined by two violent groups: The Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa, which was a secret police of the Ministry of War under the Ottoman Empire, and Çetes, who were organized criminals. Both groups created even worse conditions for the Pontic Greeks.
By early 1920 the Kemalist policy of intimidating Greeks into flight was in full swing. Nationalist army officers near Samsun toured the villages saying that "the Christians [were] the cause of the [Allied] occupation of Constantinople and advocated their extermination". At Unye and Fatsa, Turks posted placards, blaming the Christians "for all their troubles". Kemalists arrested and exiled to Ankara Polycacpos, the Greek bishop of mixed town Ordu. Turks walked arout the town fully armed, except when Allied ship was in port. "They are on their good behavior until the ships leave... Christians feared to venture out of town". In Samsun Nationalists, stressing "the religious side of the question", inflamed Turkish population "by preaching a Holy War... The Greeks are accused of violenting Turkish women, and of destroying the Holy Tombs of Sheikhs at Broussa and other captured towns"
. Nationalist members of Kemal's parliament in Ankara proposed a law calling for the deportation of all Christians from the Black Sea area. But no such law was passed, because Kemal preferred less publicized methods at that time. Here and there, there were fatalities. In Domuz-Dere seven Greek charcoal-sellers and two children were murdered. At Gelebek station (Hackiri), in April, some 500 Christians were reportedly murdered by irregulars.
The full-scale campaign in Pontus began in March 1921. It may have been precipitated by the launch of the large Greek spring offensive, which began on the 23th. The leader of the Turkish campaign was General Nurredin Pasha, a killer so ruthless that in January 1922 he was brought up by his own government on charges for "the mal-execution of his orders". Kemalists claimed that they were "eradicating rebellion", Greeks were massacring Turks, the Greek Black Sea fleet was periodically bombarding coastal towns, and Pontic Greeks had joined the Greek army. Western observers uniformly asserted that there was no Pontic "rebellion", either underway or in preparation. Turks and their defenders have also sought cover by pointing to the arrival in the Black Sea in summer 1921 of a Greek naval squadron, which stopped Turkish ships, took passengers prisoner, and later lightly shelled Inebolu. This may indeed have hastened the deportation process, but it wasn't the cause of the campaign, which was launched weeks before
. As Count Schmeccia of the firm Lloyd Triestino in Samsun, and previously a representative of the Italian High Commission, said, the Inebolu bombardment, which produced no casualties, was merely a Turkish "excuse for the massacres".
In any event, much other evidence points to Ankara's planning for that summer's destruction of the Greek communities. An American report refers to a July 2 order from Ankara requiring deportation of all "adult male" Christians "throughout the interior of Anatolia" , not merely in the Pontus. Another report indicates that two weeks later Ankara ordered the "immediate deportation of all Ottoman Greeks", meaning women, children, and the eldery as well. At the beginning of August, the mutessarif of Bafra told a visiting American naval officer that the deportation "of all remaining Greeks, including women and children, had been ordered by Angora". That order was apparently reinforced by another, from Nurredin Pasha, who instructed a local governor "to proceed with all dispatch to carry out the orders which had been given him or that he would shortly cease to be mutassarif". The American officer concluded that this was "part of an official plan which contemplates extermination of the Greeks"
. There may not have been an "open and avowed policy of extermination", but there was evidence of a "popular policy" aiming at "Turkey for the Turks", as one missionary put it.
Be that as it may, the largescale massacres and deportations began already in the spring, with the rural Greek communities. In the villages of Black Sea's Duzce (Kurtsuyu) kaza, "many old men and women [were] burnt alive". Turks also attacked swaths of villages around Alacam, Bafra, and Carsamba and in the interior as far as Havza and Visirkopru. They took paints to make sure that there were no American witnesses. Missionaries were not allowed out of Samsun, the regional missionary center. But survivors reached the town and told their stories. American naval officers reported that the campaign was "under strict control of the military", "directed by high authority - probably Angora [Ankara]",and carried out, at least in part, by soldiers. A purported eyewitness stated that villagers around Bafra were subjected to "incendiarism, shooting, slaying, hanging and outranging" and that the villages were "turned to heaps of ruins"
. The American officers quoted an American missionary to the effect that about a hundred Greek villages south of Bafra had been destroyed. Villagers were being killed and "the priests...crucified".
By summer, the campaign reached towns. In Bafra, it kicked off with an ancient ploy, according to the Greek Patriarchate: Greek notables were invited to a dinner party at the house of Efrem Aga, arrested, and murdered. Turks then rounded up and massacred young Greek men. On June 5 Bafra was sorrounded by gendarmes, brigands, and Turkish troops - "a special corps...formed for the purpose of exterminating the Greek element" - who demanded that the men give themselves up. Some hid. Turks then searched the houses, pillaging and violating "the prettiest and best bred" women. Men were marched off, escorted by convoys. The first headed for nearby village of Blezli. Seven Bafra priests were axed to death and the rest of men were killed thereafter. One, Nicholas Jordanoglon, gave Turks 300 Turkish lira for the privilege of being shot rather than batchered with an axe or bayonet. Another 500 men, from the second convoy, were reportedly burnt alive in the church in Selamelik
. And another 680 were murdered in the church at Kavdje-son. Five convoys left Bafra. At least two, according to the Greek representative to the League of Nations, were shot up by their escorts near Kavak Gorge, killing at least 900. Survivors were sent naked, "like wandering spirits", to Malaya, Charnout, Mamuret, and Alpistan. Western report claimed 1300 Greeks were murdered in the gorge on August 15 or 16. Ankara's government claimed those dead at Kavak had been killed justifiably in battle, after "Greek bands" allegedly attacked Turks. On August 8 Turks collected Bafran women and girls, "stripped and violated them and by torture compelled many to adopt Mohammedanism". Those who refused conversation were led off "to different unknown places, where many died on the way...and children were slaughtered". Some 6000 Greek women and children were deported from Bafra around August 31 and further 2500 on September 19. The only Greeks allowed to stay were the sick people who paid bribes.
On May 25, 1922, the military base in Constantinople reached out to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Greece. They informed them about what was happening in the Pontus region. By that time, there were almost no Pontic Greeks left in that area.

The genocide ended with the the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. It was signed by Greece and Tukey and led to a trade of people between these two countries. Almost 190.000 Greeks were send from the Ottoman Empire to Greece and about 350.000 Muslims were brought from Greece to the Ottoman Empire. With that, no more Christian Greeks were left in the Ottoman Empire.