Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ronald William Prest Drever (October 1931 – 7 March 2017) was a Scottish experimental physicist. He was a Professor Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology. He co-founded the LIGO project, and was a co-inventor of the Pound–Drever–Hall technique for laser stabilization. This work was important in the first detection of gravitational waves in September 2015.

Drever died on 7 March 2017 in Edinburgh, Scotland from complications of dementia, aged 85.

References

1931 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Scottish physicists
Juan Carlos Touriño (14 July 1944 – 7 March 2017) was a Spanish football defender. He won two Spanish league titles and two Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. He made one appearance for the Spanish national team.

Death
Touriño died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on the night of 7 March 2017 from pancreatic disease, aged 72.

Titles
Real Madrid
La Liga (3): 1971-72, 1973-74, 1974-75
Copa del Rey (2): 1973-74, 1974–75

References

Other websites
 Spain statistics 
 World Football profile

1944 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Deaths from pancreatic disease
Spanish footballers
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Horst Lorenz Seehofer (born 4 July 1949 in Ingolstadt) is a German conservative politician (CSU).  He was the Federal Minister for Health and Social Security from 1992 to 1998 and the Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection from 2005 to 2008. In October 2008 he became chairman of the CSU and Minister-President of Bavaria. In 2011/12 he served as President of the Bundesrat.

References

1949 births
Living people
Members of the German Bundestag
Government ministers of Germany
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria
Fairfield is a small town in the state of Vermont in the United States of America.

Towns in Vermont
The Samma dynasty (,) was a great power in the Indian Subcontinent, that ruled in Sindh, Kutch, Saurashtra (region) and parts of Punjab and Balochistan from  1351 to  1524, with their capital at Thatta in modern Pakistan; before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty.

The Samma dynasty has left its mark in Sindh with magnificent structures including the necropolis of  and royalties in Thatta.

They are said to have descended from the royal line of Jadam Ahirs  Either, they are part of Lohana conferedency.

References

Former monarchies of Asia
1350s establishments
1520s disestablishments in Asia
Former countries in Asia
Former countries in South Asia
History of Sindh
Per-Bast was an ancient Egyptian city. It is the place where the center of the cult of Bast is. Bast is a cat-goddess who is the protectress of Ra. The name Per-Bast means "house of Bast". Per Bast was in the Nile Delta and served as the capital of the nome Am-Khent, the 18th nome in Lower Egypt.
Ancient Egyptian cities
Robert Dunkerson Orr (November 17, 1917 – March 10, 2004) was an American politician. He was the 45th Governor of Indiana from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was served as United States Ambassador to Singapore from July 14, 1989 through September 12, 1992.

Orr was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was raised in Evansville, Indiana. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard University. Orr was married to Josie Wallace from 1946 until they divorce in 2000. In 2001, he married Mary Davis. Their marriage lasted until his death in 2004.

Orr died in Indianapolis, Indiana from complications of kidney surgery on March 10, 2004, aged 86.

References

Other websites
Biography from the Indiana Historical Bureau 

Biography from the Indianapolis Star 
The New York Times: Robert D. Orr, 86, Governor Who Revamped Indiana Schools
National Governors Association
1917 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Governors of Indiana
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Michigan
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Ambergris is lumps of fatty compounds, secreted and expelled by the sperm whale. Because the harvesting of ambergris causes no harm to the whales, collecting it is not controversial.

Toothed whales
Koyambedu is a locality in the South Indian city of Chennai. The Koyambedu area has become a major centre of Chennai City after the inauguration of the Koyambedu market and the CMBT. Koyambedu is surrounded by localities like Vadapalani, Anna Nagar, Arumbakkam, Aminjikarai, Virugambakkam and Nerkundram.

Koyambedu is famous for its wholesale fruit and vegetable market, popularly called Koyambedu Market. This was established in 1996, when the city's principal wholesale fruit and vegetable market in Kothawal Chavadi had to be closed. The market is one of the largest wholesale market in Asia.

Neighbourhoods of Chennai
Keren Neubach (Hebrew: קרן נויבך‎‎, born March 28, 1970) is an Israeli journalist, and television and radio presenter.

Neubach studied history at Tel Aviv University. She is bisexual.

References 
 www.nrg.co.il

1970 births
Living people
Bisexual Jews
Israeli journalists
Israeli LGBT people
LGBT journalists
Radio personalities
Tel Aviv University alumni
Israeli television presenters
Samayapuram is a suburb of the city of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India. Formerly a separate village of its own, Samayapuram was included in the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation limits in 1994. Samayapuram is located 12 kilometres north from the heart of the city on the Trichy-Chennai road. The Samayapuram Mariamman Temple, a most important place of Hindu worship is located here.

Tiruchirapalli district
Tiruvallur district is an administrative district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town of Tiruvallur is the district headquarters. The district has a mixture of urban and rural characteristics. The Eastern part of Tiruvallur district is dominated by urban characteristics while the Southern and Northern part of the district has influence of Andhra culture due to its position.

Tiruvallur is well known, one of the reason being the Veeraragava Temple. The new moon day is very auspicious day for the lord and so for the people of the town.ccording to 2011 census of India, Thiruvallur district had a population of 3,728,104 with a sex-ratio of 987 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.

References 

Tiruvallur district
Kanyakumari district is the southernmost district in Tamil Nadu state and mainland India. It is the second largest district in the state in terms of population density and the second most urbanized, next only to Chennai district.  The district stands first in terms of literacy rate in the state. The district headquarters is Nagercoil.

Reference

Kanyakumari district
The Havel is a river in Germany. It flows through Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt.

Geography of Berlin
Geography of Brandenburg
Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Geography of Saxony-Anhalt
Rivers of Germany
A Virtual DOS machine (VDM) permits the users of computers to run 16-bit or 32-bit DOS and 16-bit Windows programs on 32-bit computers when there already is a different operating system using the hardware.

Overview 
Virtual DOS machines normally use the virtual 8086 mode of the Intel 80386 (or later) processor, allowing many 8086 applications to function by translating operating system commands to make applications think that they are running on an 8086. The operating system can then emulate the DOS software.

VDMs like Windows 3.x 386 Enhanced Mode can add support for using 16-/32-bit protected mode software if they use the DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI).

If a DOS program in a VDM needs to use a peripheral, Windows will give the DOS program a virtual device driver (VDD) which emulates the hardware using commands that the operating system it is running on can understand.
DOS VDMs 
DOS VDMs appeared on Windows/386 2.01 in 1987 and were also in Windows 3.x, if you were using 386 Enhanced Mode as well as in 95, 98, 98 SE and Me.
  
Similar to Windows 3.x, VDMs can let you run many DOS applications at one time if you use the EMM386 /MULTI option. Digital Research / Novell was working on a similar system since 1991 under the codename "Vladivar" (originally a device driver KRNL386.SYS and not part of EMM386). It was made for the next version of DR DOS, released as Novell DOS 7 in 1994, but it was also used in their "Star Trek" project, which they stopped working on before finishing.

OS/2 MVDM 
VDMs called MVDM (Multiple Virtual DOS Machine) are used in OS/2 2.0 and later. OS/2 MVDMs are better than NTVDM in many ways, for example with block devices. While the OS/2 1.x emulated DOS 3.0, 2.x emulated DOS 5.0.
Running Windows 3.1 applications in OS/2 looks similar to XP Mode in Windows 7, but the technologies used are very different. A "guest" VDM permits programs to use the disks of the OS/2 or NT operating system that is running the VDM. Applications in a VDM can use named pipes to talk to their "host".

Windows NTVDM 
NTVDM is included in all x86 versions of Windows made on NT, and let 16-bit Windows and 16-/32-bit DOS applications run. It is not included with 64-bit versions (see Limitations). ntvdm.exe helps emulate the APIs needed to run 16-bit DOS and Windows applications.
NTVDM uses NTIO.SYS and NTDOS.SYS, which runs a changed version of COMMAND.COM. The 16-bit system files are smaller versions of their MS-DOS 5.0 counterparts, including IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS and COMMAND.COM, which remove biases with the FAT file system and can also call the 32-bit NTVDM if needed. NTDOS originally gave a DOS version of 30.00 to programs, but this soon was changed to 5.00 to let more programs to run without being changed However, there are many newer MS-DOS functions and commands added to MS-DOS versions 6.x and in Windows 9x which are not there.

16-bit programs run separately within one 32-bit NTVDM process. Checking "Run in separate memory space" in the Run dialog box or shortcut of the program creates a new process instead. NTVDM emulates BIOS functions, the Windows 3.1 kernel, and its 16-bit API.
32-bit DOS emulation is used for DPMI and using 32-bit memory. wowexec.exe is the emulator process for 16-bit Windows. Windows 2000 added Sound Blaster 2.0 emulation to 32-bit NTVDM. 16-bit and DOS virtual device drivers can't be run. Win16 programs can communicate with other parts of Windows using OLE, DDE and named pipes.

As virtual 8086 mode isn't available on non-x86 processors, NTVDM was a full emulator for NT on these architectures. NT 3.51 could only 80286, but since NT 4.0, 486 emulation was added.
Security issues 
In January 2010, Google security researcher Tavis Ormandy discovered a large security problem in NTVDM system letting non-Administrators to increase their permissions to the SYSTEM level. Ormandy claimed it was a problem for all x86 versions of Windows NT after 1993. 32-bit versions of NT 3.X/4.0, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, and 7 were affected. Ormandy published how the problem works. Before Microsoft could fix it, you could turn off 16-bit application support to solve the problem, but it made so you could not run 16-bit programs. x64 Windows never had this problem because it doesn't use NTVDM. After applying the security fixes Microsoft made available, NTVDM could be turned on safely.
Limitations 
NTVDM and wowexec had limitations on Windows XP and later because of a GDI object limit per session, which might cause GDI handles to be moved two bits to the right when changing 32 to 16 bits. Handles thus could not be larger than 14 bits, so 16-bit programs with a GDI handle larger than 16384 would crash.

On x86-64 CPUs, virtual 8086 mode is only available as a legacy sub-mode (if running a 32-bit operating system), but not in 64-bit long mode, which is why NTVDM is not included with 64-bit versions of Windows, so 16-bit applications cannot be run on 64-bit Windows. You'll need Windows XP Mode or similar virtualization software to run 16-bit programs within a 64-bit operating system.
NTVDM cannot run DOS games on computers of today. Emulation is only provided for simple peripherals. For example, sound in NTVDM can be limited. Windows NT only updates the screen a few times per second when DOS programs write on it, and they can't emulate high-resolution graphics options. As software runs at the speed of the CPU, all timing loops stop too early. This either makes games run too fast, or causes the software to not see some emulated hardware peripherals, because it can not wait that long for an answer.

Related pages 
 Virtualization
 Windows on Windows

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Virtual DOS Machine Structure
 Troubleshooting MS-DOS-based programs in Windows XP
 Troubleshooting an MS-DOS application which hangs the NTVDM subsystem in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003
 Troubleshooting MS-DOS-based serial communication programs in Windows 2000 and later

Microsoft Windows software
Imambara Zadibal was the first Imambara constructed in Kashmir Valley by Kaji Chak, minister in the regime of Sultan Mohammad in the year 1518. This Imambara was burned down and destroyed number of times.

History 

One of the most ancient monuments of Kashmir, Imambara Zadibal is in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, administered by India. It lies in the Zadibal area within Srinagar to the west side of the fort. Built in 1518, this shrine was erected by Kaji Chak, who was a minister with Sultan Mohammed Shah. This two-storey building is one of the oldest historic places in Kashmir valley. Sitting on the lines of Persian architecture, this shrine looks old and it is a popular tourist spot. From 1548 AD to 1872 AD, the building was set on fire eleven times and it was rebuilt each time. Recently, the ancient Imambara was taken down in 2004 to restructure and rebuild the shrine that stands today. The shrine is large enough to hold more than 32,000 visitors at a time.
There are different stories about the construction of the Imambara Zadibal, but the history says Tajik Shah donated the land of the zadibal to Mir Shamshud din Iraqi, who introduced Shia Islam to Kashmir and influenced the government officials of that time. 

Then the family of Mir Shamshud din Iraqi, whose mausoleum is only few feet away from the Imambara Zadibal, lived in the place. The fifth generation of his family built their private mosque and lived nearby well into the early twenty-first century. They set aside productive land to generate money for the upkeep of the mosque. They kept the rights of ownership to themselves but allowed their neighbors to pray there.
It became the main center of learning for the followers of Ahlul bait. The elders of Markdar families would teach about religion. They also built a Hamam to use as a guest house for travelers coming from Baltistan and other distant areas. During time of Maharaja Ghulab Singh who wanted to keep all the centers under the control of his rule through his representatives (Jalalis) so that no one could revolt against him. Then a dispute broke out between Jalalis and Markdars. It went on for 150 years. 

At the time of prime minister of Kashmir Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, the Markdars donated the Imambara to the Shia public and later on its guardianship was taken by Shia Association. The Shia Association procured the land around the Imambara from the Markdars through several different deals, including language exchanges and cash payments. Recently, the Imambara was repaired by the late Molvi Iftikhar Hussein Ansari.

Architecture
Architecture 

Inspired by the Persian style of architecture, Imambara Zadibal is a two-storey building. It is made out of oriental bricks. Its Maharaji bricks cover an area of over 75 square meters. This shrine has various sideways floor raisings called Gulam Gardish. There is a central ground level floor called Pokhr. It also has a large gallery with four gates.

Currently, the structure is under the supervision of All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association, who maintain it. The structure that we see today is still undergoing construction work.
Observances 
Shia Muslims are a minority in Kashmir. During the first 10 days of Muharram, Imambada Zadibal becomes a centre of mourning and religious gathering in Zadibal.  Shia followers join in the mourning, usually ending on the day of Ashura, when a large procession parades through the streets of Zadibal ending at Imambada Zadibal. Mourning continues from first day of Muharram to eighth of the Islamic month Rabi al Awwal, after which Eid al Zahra, also known as Eid e Shuja, is celebrated. This marks the end of the two-month mourning period.

Building and destruction 

Imambara Zadibal has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. From the period of Sultan Nazuk Shah by Mirza Douglat in 1548 AD to the reign of Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1872 AD, this shrine was burnt down around eleven times.
At the time Imambara Zadibal was constructed, it was a majestic building and people in the Kashmir Valley were proud of it. However, Mirza Hyder Kashgari Douglat set this shrine on fire in 1548 AD. Daulat Chak began rebuilding it in 1551.

Zafar Kupawari set Imambara Zadibal on fire for the second time in 1553. It was burned down again in 1653 by enemies of Ahlul Bayt during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.

In 1682 AD, when Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir ruled, Imambara Zadibal was set on fire again. In 1719 AD, it was burned down for the fifth time during the Mukhtawi Khan clash. It caught fire for the sixth time in 1748 AD by enemies of Ahlul Bayt. They did so again in 1763. Imambara Zadibal caught fire again in June 1801, during Afghan rule in Kashmir, just before Ashura. 

In July 1830, the shrine was the site of a massacre when Jammu and Kashmir were under Sikh rule. This same day, many Shias were cruelly murdered. This happened at Ali Park in Zadibal or Margibal.
Imambara Zadibal was rebuilt with the financial help sent by Nawab Hakim Mehndi Ali Khan , the prime minister of Awadh's King Nasir-ud-din Haider. This grant was sent to Haji Baqir Khan Irani, who passed on the duty of rebuilding this structure to Hatim Mir.

In September 1872, the building was again set ablaze under the rule of Maharaja Ranbir Singh. He was a Dogra Ruler of J&K. This time, the king gave considerable financial aid of about Rs. 3 lakhs to renovate the Imambara and restore it to its current prosperous condition. Every time the shrine went through fire, followers of Prophet Mohammad and Ahlul Bayt were only more convinced to make it whole again.
Location 
Reaching this shrine is easy because it is close to Srinagar Highway. The Imambara is in the middle of Zadibal, and it is near the Khushal Sar Lake and Hari Parbat Fort that most people call Qilla. The nearest railway station is the Srinagar railway station. It is an hour's ride away by car. Sheikh ul Alam International Airport is only a few kilometers from the Imambara. Taxi services are also available within the city of Srinagar.

Other websites 
 Heritage Guru: Imambara Zadibal and its Persecution

Mosques in India
16th-century buildings and structures
With computers, Windows on Windows (often shortened to WOW,) is a compatibility layer of x86 versions of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems that allows many legacy 16-bit programs run that were made for Windows 3.x or before to run.

Background 
WOW allows many 16-bit Windows programs to run without changes on newer 32-bit versions of Windows. This was made to give software developers time to make their software 32-bit while people moved from Windows 3.1x to Windows 95, so the OS can be upgraded to a newer version while running most, or all of, a customer's 16-bit programs.

Windows 9x operating systems, which were made on top of DOS, had both 16 and 32-bit systems, so if it kept those 16-bit parts, the OS could run 16-bit software without emulation. NT-based versions are very different in how they run, so they need a more sophisticated solution. There are two main techniques to let 16-bit programs run on 32-bit versions of Windows (with some limitations) called thunking and shimming.
Thunking 

WOW "thunks" 16-bit instructions into 32-bit equivalents to permit 16-bit pointers, memory spaces, and address spaces.

16-bit programs usually run in a single virtual DOS machine, sharing memory between them. However, they can be changed to run in a private, separate memory space, where every 16-bit process has a separate process. This can reduce system crashes by not letting programs interfere with others, but it can cause reduced 16-bit inter-process communication and can use more of your computer's memory.

WOW is a part of 32-bit editions of Windows NT. 64-bit versions of Windows (including Windows Server 2008 R2 and later where they only have 64-bit versions) can not run 16-bit software without using different emulation software (for example, DOSBox).

WOWEXEC.EXE on Windows NT allows WoW to work. Windows-on-Windows can, using the WIN.COM file, emulate the Windows 3.x (for NTVDM), Windows 95 and Windows 98 kernels, which can run 16-bit DOS-powered Windows applications on Windows NT.
Shimming 

Problems with applications running on newer operating systems, especially with long filenames, multiple user accounts, and least privilege, may prohibit some applications from working correctly. For example, they might incorrectly think that they can write files to any part of the file system, but NTFS file permissions exist and does not allow this in many system folders. When Microsoft was building Windows 95, they had to ensure old programs still worked with 8.3 filenames to allow old applications to keep working properly. Since Windows 95, there was a feature where both a long and short file name are kept, so older applications could still use the 8.3 filenames.

Programs that try to access hardware directly can't do so. Old programs may also not work if they expect certain system configuration files from DOS and Windows 9x that are not used in Windows NT operating systems, so empty versions of files like AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS exist even though Windows NT does not use them.
Many shims exist in the application compatibility layer of later versions of Windows to capture and change API calls from old applications made with different assumptions about the operating system in mind.

Related pages
 Wine (software)

References

Other websites
 Windows NT subsystems
 What are NTVDM and WOW?
 Monitoring 16-bit Windows applications
 Optimize How Windows 7 Runs 16-Bit and MS-DOS-Based Programs

Microsoft software
The duenos inscription  is a Latin text found on a piece of pottery in Rome. The pottery was dated to the sixth century BC. The text is among the oldest known texts of old Latin. It is difficult to read because the words are not separated by spaces.

Text and translations
Since the pottery, or kernos, was found in 1880, many translations have been proposed. By 1983, more than fifty different explanations of the meaning had been put forward. Due to the lack of a large body of archaic Latin, and the method by which Romans abbreviated their inscriptions, scholars have not been able to produce a singular translation that has been accepted by historians as accurate. However thanks to Arthur E. Gordon's work the reading of the text can be now considered certain.
Below is the transcription and one of many possible interpretations:
a. The direct unicase transcription
b. Direct transcription, in lowercase, with possible macrons and word breaks
c. A speculative interpretation and translation into Classical Latin
d. An English gloss (approximate translation/interpretation) of the Classical Latin rendering

Line 1:
a. IOVESATDEIVOSQOIMEDMITATNEITEDENDOCOSMISVIRCOSIED
b. iouesāt deivos qoi mēd mitāt, nei tēd endō cosmis vircō siēd
c. Iurat deos qui me mittit, ni in te [= erga te] comis virgo sit
d. 'The person who sends me prays to the gods, lest the girl be not kind towards thee'

Line 2:
a. ASTEDNOISIOPETOITESIAIPAKARIVOIS
b. as(t) tēd noisi o(p)petoit esiāi pākā riuois
c. at te [... uncertain ...] paca rivis
d. 'without thee [...] calm with [these] rivers'
Line 3:
a. DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
b. duenos mēd fēced en mānōm einom duenōi nē mēd malo(s) statōd
c. Bonus me fecit in manum einom bono, ne me malus [tollito, clepito]
d. 'A good man made me in his own[?] hands for a good man, in case an evil man take me.'

An interpretation set out by Warmington and Eichner, renders the complete translation as follows, though not with certainty:
It is sworn with the gods, whence I'm issued:If a maiden does not smile at you,
nor is strongly attracted to you,then soothe her with this fragrance!
Someone good has filled me for someone good and well-mannered,and not shall I be obtained by someone bad.

References

Latin language
Syria Direct is a not-for-profit news organization based in Jordan.  It was started in 2013 by television news producer Amjad Tadros and the Global Peace and Development Charitable Trust. Syria Direct reports on the conflict in neighboring Syria, because reporting from Syria is either restricted or too dangerous.

Syria Direct publishes news reports, interviews, photographs, and videos from inside Syria.  They also publish a  newsletter.  They do not accept advertising.  Their operations are funded by the Global Peace & Development Charitable Trust.
Syria Direct is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already 
knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information.  Syria Direct employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day by Skype. Syrian journalists write the stories in Arabic.  The stories are translated to English, fact-checked and edited, then translated back to Arabic. Their website receives about 50,000 page views every month.  Their Facebook page has 77,000 followers. Thousands of people follow their Twitter account.
Syria Direct also has a training program for journalists from Syria. In the past, the training program has received funding from the US Embassy Amman's Public Affairs Section, the Syria office of the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung organization, and the Canadian Embassy in Amman. Every six months they train twelve new Syrian journalists.  The trainees' stories have been published in USA Today, CNN.com, Radio Free Europe, and international new organizations like Le Monde and The Toronto Globe and Mail. As of September 2016, they had trained 70 new journalists.

References

Other websites 
 Syria Direct on Facebook
 Syria Direct on Twitter
 Syria Direct official website

Establishments in Syria
Journalism
Media in Asia
2013 establishments in Asia
The Dunn Index (DI) is a metric for judging a clustering algorithm. A higher DI implies better clustering. It assumes that better clustering means that clusters are compact and well-separated from other clusters.

There are many ways to define the size of a cluster and distance between clusters.

The DI is equal to the minimum inter-cluster distance divided by the maximum cluster size. Note that larger inter-cluster distances (better separation) and smaller cluster sizes (more compact clusters) lead to a higher DI value.

In mathematical terms:

Let the size of cluster C be denoted by: 

Let the distance between clusters i and j be denoted by: 

Algorithms
Statistics
Alejandra Soler Gilabert (July 8, 1913 – March 1, 2017) was a Spanish politician and teacher. She also worked for the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. She was born in Valencia, Spain. She took part in the revolts against Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictature and in 1934, she became a member of the communist party. 

Soler died on March 1, 2017 in Valencia, Spain from suspected heart failure, aged 103.

Works 
 2009, La vida es un río caudaloso con peligrosos rápidos

References

1913 births
2017 deaths
Spanish communists
Spanish politicians
Spanish centenarians
David Peter Valentin (April 29, 1952 – March 8, 2017) was an American Latin jazz flautist. In the 1970s Valentin combined Latin music with jazz in bands with Bill O'Connell, Lincoln Goines, Richie Morales, Robby Ameen, Sammy Figueroa, and Giovanni Hidalgo. For seven years in a row he was chosen as the best jazz flautist by readers of Jazziz magazine. In 1985 he received a Grammy Award nomination. In 2003 he won a Grammy for Caribbean Jazz Project, an album he did with Dave Samuels.

Valentin died from complications of a stroke and Parkinson's disease in the Bronx, at the age of 64.

References

Grammy Award winners
1952 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
American jazz musicians
Musicians from New York City
Flutists
Anthony Delhalle (11 January 1982 – 9 March 2017) was a French Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He rode a Suzuki GSX-R1000 in the FIM CEV Superbike European Championship and the Endurance FIM World Championship. 

Delhalle died, aged 35, on 9 March 2017, after falling from his bike during a test on the Circuit Paul Armagnac near Nogaro and breaking his neck.

References

1982 births
2017 deaths
Deaths in sport
Sportspeople from Centre-Val de Loire
People from Chartres
Nagapattinam district is the only district in India to be discontinuous or separated  into two parts. This district is located on Tamil Nadu, India. Nagapattinam district was carved out by dividing the Thanjavur district on 1991, October 19.In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nagapattinam district one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total 640 Indian districts). 

Nagapattinam district is one of the six districts of 32 districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).According to 2011 census of India, Nagapattinam district had a population of 1,616,450 with a sex-ratio of 1,025 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.

Reference
Bill Leak (born Desmond Robert Leak; 9 January 1956 – 10 March 2017) was an Australian editorial cartoonist, caricaturist and portraitist.

Leak was raised in Condobolin and Beacon Hill, Sydney. Leak studied at the Julian Ashton Art School in the 1970s. 

Leak's cartoons were first published in 1983 in The Bulletin and after he drew for The Sydney Morning Herald until 1994, when he was recruited by News Limited to contribute to The Daily-Telegraph-Mirror and later to The Australian.

On 10 March 2017, Leak died in a hospital in Gosford, New South Wales following a suspected heart attack. He was 61 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 Drawing and quartering our pollies – Article includes comments by Bill Leak on his cartooning and the reactions he gets
 Portrait of Bill Leak, editorial cartoonist, 1984, by Terry Mulligan

1956 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Australian cartoonists
People from Adelaide
Thoothukudi District, also known as Tuticorin District is a district in Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district was formed by dividing Tirunelveli district in 1986 and Thoothukudi is the district headquarters. The district is known for pearl cultivation. There are many pearls  in the seas offshore. It was formerly ruled by one of the oldest kingdoms in India, the Pandyan Dynasty with the port of Korkai through which trade with Rome happened. The archaeological site at Adichanallur holds the remains of the ancient Tamil civilisation. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,750,176 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males.

References
Thoothukudi is a port city, a Municipal Corporation and an industrial city in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city lies in the Coromandel Coast off Bay of Bengal. Thoothukudi is the headquarters of Thoothukudi district.According to Confederation of Indian Industry, Thoothukudi has the second highest Human Development Index in Tamil Nadu next to Chennai. Tuticorin City serves as the headquarters of Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited. Major educational establishments in the city include Thoothukudi Government Medical College, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Marine Training Academy, V.O.C. Arts & Science College, Government Polytechnic College, and Anna University Tuticorin Campus.Tuticorin Port is one of the Fastest growing Major Ports in India. Tuticorin is an "Emerging Energy and Industrial hub of South India".

Reference

Thoothukudi district
Tiruvallur is a suburb city of Chennai and Grade I municipality in Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of Cooum River about  northwest of Chennai (Madras), the capital city of Tamil Nadu and located near  Tiruvallur district.It is well known because of the Veera Raghavar temple  which is one of the 108 sacred shrines of Vaishnavites. There is a pond nearby this temple, where the tank festival is held.The neighborhood is served by Tiruvallur railway station of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. As of 2011, the town had a population of 56,074.It is one of the fast developing suburban areas in Chennai.

reference

Tiruvallur district
Namakkal District is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was divided from Salem district with Namakkal town as Headquarters on  25-07-1996 and started to function independently from 01-01-1997. The district has seven taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Velur, Sendamangalam, Komarapalayam, and Kolli Hills. It has two Revenue Divisions: Namakkal and Tiruchengode. As of 2011, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males.

Reference
Magnetic Tape Storage is a way of storing digital information on a along strip of magnetic tape.
This type of storage, though outdated, is widely used as a backup storage.

magnetic tape drives are often referred to as MTD storage.

Computer memory
Storage devices
The olfactory bulb is a part of the vertebrate forebrain. It works in olfaction, or the sense of smell.

The olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons, and one output (mitral cell axons). It is thought that it functions as a filter. However, the olfactory bulb also gets "top-down" information from brain areas like the amygdala, neocortex, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra.

Its range of functions probably include:

discriminating between odors
enhancing sensitivity of odor detection
filtering out background odors 
permitting higher brain areas involved in arousal and attention to modify the detection or discrimination of odors.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Sensory system
Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (, Modern Hebrew: Sfaraddim, also  Y'hudey Spharad, meaning "The Jews of Spain"), are a Jewish ethnic division. They emerged as a distinct community around 1000 AD on the Iberian Peninsula. Jews established communities throughout Spain and Portugal. Then in the late 15th century, when all Jews were expelled from Spain, they migrated and set up new communities in the countries of England, the Netherlands, North Africa, Anatolia, the Levant (Eastern Mediterranean), and the Balkan countries, as well as the Americas, where they kept their traditions and religious practices. For hundreds of years and through the 20th century, Sephardi Jews have continued to speak their Judeo-Spanish language commonly called Ladino, besides the language of their place of residence.

Related pages 
 Ashkenazi Jews
 Maghrebi Jews
 Mizrahi Jews

Jewish communities
Jewish ethnic groups
Shas, Hebrew: ש״ס , full name: Shomrei Sfarad, Hebrew: שומרי ספרד , meaning (Religious) guardians of the Sephardim, is an Israeli political party.

Its ideology is left-wing conservative, Sephardic-Mizrahic Ultra-Orthodox, and Religious Zionist.

Political leader is Aryeh Deri.

Shas was founded in 1984.

Number of seats in the 24th Knesset: 9 (/).

Participating in the Fourth Netanyahu Government and the Netanyahu-Gantz Government.

Other websites 
 

1984 establishments
20th-century establishments in Israel
Judaism in Israel
Political parties in Israel
Zionist parties
Mizrahi Jews / Oriental Jews / Mizrahim are Jews who originally lived in the Middle East.

Related pages 
 Ashkenazi Jews
 Maghrebi Jews
 Sephardi Jews

Jewish communities
Jewish ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Chermignon is a former municipality in the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

References

Former municipalities of Valais
Syed Bilawal Shah Noorani () was a mystic saint from Balochistan. Shah Noorani was the descendants of Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Noorani is considered to be a patron saint of Balochistan.

Shrine
Noorani's shrine is popular in Balochistan, Pakistan after Hinglaj Mata Mandir.
His  shrine is located in a narrow valley between the mountains of Khuzdar District, Balochistan

Mela / Urs (Annual Fair) 
Shah Noorani's annual Urs (death anniversary celebration), held on the 10th Ramadan – the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, brings more than half a million pilgrims from all over Pakistan.

Explosion
An explosion at a Noorani's shrine in the Pakistani region of Balochistan has killed 52 people and injured more than 100 on 13 November 2016.

References

Saints
Asian Sufis
Pakistani Muslims
The Wesel citadel, German: Zitadelle Wesel, is a citadel in the town of Wesel. It was built between 1688 and 1722. Architect was Johan de Corbin.

The Wesel citadel was the most important fort in Wesel.

Nowadays it is used for cultural purposes.

Other websites 
 Wesel citadel 

Buildings and structures in North Rhine-Westphalia
Forts in Europe
Wesel (district)
18th-century buildings and structures
Tobias Kempe (born June 27, 1989 in Wesel) is a German footballer. He plays as a midfielder and striker. 

Kempe has started his senior career in 2008. Since 2016 he has been playing for 1. FC Nürnberg.

His father Thomas Kempe and his brother Dennis Kempe were/are also footballers.

Other websites 
 www.kicker.de

1989 births
Living people
German footballers
People from Wesel
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Hla Myint ( ; 1920 – 9 March 2017) was a Burmese economist. He was known as one of the pioneers of development of welfare economics. He worked on the importance of export-orientation as the most useful "engine of growth". He was born in Bassein, Irrawaddy Division, British Burma. Myint served  as Emeritus Professor of Economics, teaching development economics, at the London School of Economics from 1966 to 1985.

Myint died on 9 March 2017 in Bangkok, Thailand at the age of 97.

Major works
 Theories of Welfare Economics, Longmans Green, 1948.
 Economic Theory and the Underdeveloped Countries, 1971
 Southeast Asia's Economy: Development Policies in the 1970s (Penguin Modern Economics Texts) Penguin Books, 1972

Related pages
List of scientists from Asia

References

1920 births
2017 deaths
Economists
Burmese people
Academics of the University of London
Keijo Erik Rosberg (; born 6 December 1948), known as "Keke", is a Finnish former racing driver and winner of the  Formula One World Championship. He was the first Finnish driver to compete regularly in the series. Rosberg grew up in Oulu and Iisalmi, Finland. He is the father of retired Formula One driver and  Formula One world champion Nico Rosberg.

Reference

1948 births
Living people
Finnish racecar drivers
Formula One drivers
Denis Clive "Denny" Hulme  (18 June 1936 – 4 October 1992) was a New Zealand racing driver. He was born in Motueka of the South Island. 

Hulme won the  Formula One World Drivers' Championship for the Brabham team. Between his first appearance at Monaco in 1965 and his final race in the 1974 United States Grand Prix. He started 112 Grand Prix, resulting eight victories and 33 trips to the podium. He also finished third in the overall standing in 1968 and 1972.

Hulme died of a sudden heart attack while driving at the Bathurst 1000 in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. He was 56.

References

1936 births
1992 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Formula One drivers
New Zealand sportspeople
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Mohamed Mijarul Quayes (; 2 April 1960 – 11 March 2017) was a Bangladeshi diplomat. He served as Bangladesh's Ambassador to Brazil from 2014 until his death. He was the Bangladesh High Commissioner to the Court of St James's, United Kingdom from 2009 to 2014.

Quayes was taken to a Brasília hospital in February 2017. He later died from multiple organ failure on 11 March. He was 56.

References

1960 births
2017 deaths
People from Dhaka Division
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Asian diplomats
Disease-related deaths in Brazil
Simba António Castelo (born November 23, 1994, Luanda, Angola), better known by his stage name Preto Hendrik, is an African musician, of Angolan nationality, native of Luanda, member of LBA Music. began his artistic career in the year 2016, with music named "Encher a Cara", and "Fácil" with group of musicians LBA Musc in 2016.

Discography

Music

References

Other websites
 

Angolan people
1994 births
Living people
Surface chemistry is the study of chemical reactions at surfaces and interfaces. Appreciating how molecules and atoms interact with surfaces and with each other while on surfaces is key to understanding desirable chemical reactions, such as in heterogeneous catalysis, and also those that are undesirable, such as in corrosion chemistry.

Physical chemistry
Purim, Hebrew: פורים , meaning allotment, is a Jewish cheerful feast in memory of the liberation of the Jewish people during their stay in ancient Persia.

The origins of Purim are to be found in the Book of Esther.

It is celebrated on the 14th of Adar (in Jerusalem on the 15th of Adar).

Date 
 2017: sunset, 11 March - sunset, 12 March

Jewish festivals and holidays
Gif-sur-Yvette is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is  from the center of Paris.

Communes in Essonne
A tennis court is a court used to play tennis.  It is a rectangle with a net across the middle. During a tennis match there can be both one player (single) or two players (double) on both half.  The surface can be grass, clay or hardcourt.

The dimensions are set as the standard for lawn tennis by the International Tennis Federation and written down in the 'Rules of Tennis' document.  The Tennis court is 78 feet (23.77 meters) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23 meters) for singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 meters) for doubles matches.  The service line is 21 feet (6.40 meters) from the net.

Surfaces 
Clay Court is primarily made with stone, brick and crushed shale.  The tennis ball on the clay court has the interesting feature of digging into the dirt.  The clay court is the cheapest court to construct but is also is the court that requires the most maintenance.  The water content should be balanced and the courts have to be rolled often to maintain flattened form.
Grass Courts are the fastest courts.  Before the open era most games were played in grass courts.  Over time, the maintenance and cost have made it less popular.  Grass courts are made by growing grass in hard packed soil.  This can create many micro-variations in the surface type.

Carpet Courts are rollable court surfaces.  They are characterized by their low bounce and fast surface compared to hard courts.  Carpet courts went out of fashion in the late 20th century and have been discontinued from the world tour.

Hard Courts are by far the most popular surfaces, primarily due to the one-time investment and minimum maintenance.  The courts are made up of uniform rigid material, often covered with an acrylic surface layer to offer greater consistency of bounce than other outdoor surfaces.  Hard courts generally vary in speed, being slower than grass courts but faster than clay.

References 

Tennis
The Vézère () is a river of southwestern France that flows through the Corrèze and Dordogne, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is a right tributary of the Dordogne river.

The  valley of the Vézère river is known for its prehistoric cave systems, with numerous cave paintings. UNESCO collectively designated these as a World Heritage Site in 1979.

Geography
The Vézère has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Campagne in the Dordogne department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Campagne (1968-2017)

Course
The Vézère starts in the Plateau de Millevaches, part of the Massif Central, in the commune of Meymac, Corrèze department, at an elevation of about .
It flows generally southwest through the Corrèze and Dordogne departments before flowing into the Dordogne river in Limeuil at about  of altitude.
 
The Vézère flows through 1 region, 2 departments and 53 communes. The main communes are:

 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Corrèze: Chavanac, Pérols-sur-Vézère, Bugeat, Treignac, Uzerche, Vigeois, Larche
 Dordogne: Terrasson-Lavilledieu, Montignac, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Le Bugue

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries (more than 20 km long) of the Vézère river are:
 Left tributaries
 Ars - 20.7 km;
 Brézou - 29.6 km;
 Corrèze - 94.6 km;
 Right tributaries
 Soudaine - 25.8 km;
 Bradascou - 33 km;
 Loyre - 45.3 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France
 Vézère Valley

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station P4271010 - La Vézère à Campagne  
 World Heritage profile

Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Dordogne
AlphaBay Market was an online darknet marketplace operating on the Tor network. It was shut down by the FBI and the United States Department of Justice on July 2017.

History 
It started in November 2014 and officially launched on December 22, 2014. It had 14,000 new users in the first 90 days of its operation. The darknet informer website Gwern.net placed AlphaBay Market in the top tier of markets regarding the 6-month survival probability, and it has proven to be successful. In October 2015, it was recognized as the largest online darknet market according to Dan Palumbo, research director at Digital Citizens Alliance. It was relaunched by vendor who identifies himself as co-founder "DeSnake" in 2021.

Sources

Internet
Robert James Waller (August 1, 1939 – March 10, 2017) was an American author. He was best known for The Bridges of Madison County, a very successful book in 1993. He was also a photographer and musician.

Waller died on March 10, 2017, at his home in Fredericksburg, Texas. He was 77 and had been battling multiple myeloma.

Novels
The Bridges of Madison County (1992) (original UK title Love in Black and White)
Slow Waltz in Cedar Bend (1993) 
Puerto Vallarta Squeeze (1995)
Border Music (1995)
A Thousand Country Roads: An Epilogue to The Bridges of Madison County (2002)
High Plains Tango (2005)
The Long Night of Winchell Dear (2007)

References

1939 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from multiple myeloma
American photographers
Educators from Iowa
Musicians from Iowa
Writers from Iowa
Luis Ángel Cereceda Parra (27 June 1943 – 11 March 2017) was a Chilean singer and songwriter. He was born in Valparaíso, Chile. He traveled abroad helping to maintain the Nueva Canción tradition in Chilean expatriate communities in Europe, North America, and Australia. He was known for producing his second album, Oratorio para el pueblo, which was about his love for Chile.

Parra died of lung cancer in Paris, France on 11 March 2017, aged 73.

References

1943 births
2017 deaths
Chilean singers
Chilean writers
Singer-songwriters
People from Valparaíso
Calypso music is an Afro-Caribbean style music. It started in the early 20th century  in Trinidad and Tobago. Calypso drew upon African and French influences. It became the voice of the people.

Instruments 

Trumpet, trombone, flute and clarinet are just a few of the instruments used.

Music genres
Robin Bengtsson (born 27 April 1990 in Svenljunga, Sweden) is a Swedish singer who took part in Swedish Idol 2008. He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kiev, Ukraine.

References

1990 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Swedish singers