Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Peter Schidlof (July 9, 1922 – August 16, 1987) was an British violist.  He played the viola in the Amadeus Quartet. 

Schidlof was born in Göllersdorf near Vienna, but had to leave Austria when the Nazis came.  He went to Great Britain.  Because he was musically talented he won a scholarship to Blundell's School in Devon, but when World War II broke out he was interned.  It was in the internment camp that met Norbert Brainin and Siegmund Nissel.  They often played music together.  When they were freed they became pupils of Max Rostal who persuaded Schidlof to play the viola instead of the violin.  Together with Martin Lovett the four men formed a string quartet which at first they called the Brainin Quartet, but they soon changed the name to Amadeus Quartet.  The Amadeus Quartet gave their first concert at the Wigmore Hall in 1948.  Soon they became world famous, playing in concerts and festivals in many countries.
Schidlof was a calm man who listened very carefully to everything that was going on.  The others called him "Eagle ears".  The four men played together for nearly 40 years until Schidlof's death.

1922 births
1987 deaths
Austrian Jews
British violinists
Jewish British musicians
Musicians from Vienna
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Refugees from Nazism
Cosenza is a province in the region of Calabria in Italy.

Cosenza
Crotone is a province in the region of Calabria  in Italy.

Crotone
Reggio Calabria was a province in the region of Calabria in Italy.

Reggio
Matera is a province in the region of Basilicata in Italy.

Province of Matera
Potenza is a province in the region of Basilicata in Italy.

Province of Potenza
337 was a common year.


Deaths 
 May 22 — Constantine I, Roman Emperor
In typography, the terms were set when all printing was done with metal type. Font or fount was all the letters or characters of a single size of a typeface. For example, all characters for 9-point Times New Roman is a font, and the 10 point size would be another font.

With the increase in the use of personal computers, the definition of font has changed. The term font is now often used as another name for a typeface. The size of the characters has no effect on fonts when using this definition.

Typography
A lectern (from the Latin lectus, past participle of legere, "to read") is a reading desk with a slanted top. It is usually placed on a stand  some other form of support. Documents or books are often put on top of a lectern to make it easier for someone to read them to other people. For example, for Scripture reading, lectures, speechs or sermons. The height and slant of a lectern can usually be changed to so the person reading can stand properly and make good eye-contact with an audience.

Furniture
Cantor can mean:
 The Latin word for singer, e.g. the main singer of a cantus
 Hazzan, in Judaism, the English name for a professional singer who leads prayer services (Kantor is a frequently noted Jewish patronym)
 Cantor (church), an ecclesiastical officer leading liturgical music in several branches of the Christian Church
 Cantor (crater), a lunar crater

In mathematics Cantor may refer to:
 The Cantor set or Cantor dust
 The Cantor function
 The Cantor space
Cantor as a surname may refer to:
 Andrés Cantor, Spanish-language soccer announcer
 Brian Cantor, Vice-Chancellor of the University of York, UK
 David Cantor (born 1954), American actor and singer
 Eddie Cantor (1892-1964), American comedian, singer, actor, songwriter
 Eric Cantor (born 1963), American politician
 Georg Cantor (1845-1918), German mathematician, founder of set theory
 Moritz Cantor (1829-1929), German historian of mathematics
 Nancy Cantor, Chancellor and President of Syracuse University
 Norman Cantor (1929-2004), Canadian medievalist
 Theodore Edward Cantor (1809-1860), Danish biologist 

Cantor is a shortened form of these names and terms:
 Cantor Fitzgerald, a financial services firm

Related pages
cant
Precentor
Kantor
Canter

Surnames
An epistle (from the , epistolē, meaning "letter") is a writing sent to a person or group of people. It is usually written as a formal letter. It was common in ancient Egypt, being taught to scribes. The letters in the New Testament from Apostles to Christians are usually referred to as epistles. Those letters said to have been written by Paul are known as the Pauline epistles and the others as the General epistles.

The epistles of Cicero, and of Pliny the Younger tell a lot about life at the time of the Romans. Ovid produced a number of letters while he was in exile at coast of the Black Sea, Seneca's letters influenced many epistle-writers of later times.

Letters
Genres
Christian genres
Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England and parts of Wales, from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066. Anglo-Saxon buildings in Britain were generally simple, made from wood with thatch for roofing.

There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture. At least fifty churches are of Anglo-Saxon origin. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick.

Other websites 
Anglo-Saxon architecture in Early British Kingdoms

Architecture
The term Norman architecture is used to categorize styles of Romanesque architecture made by the Normans in the land that was under their control or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries.

Architectural styles
English Gothic is the name of the architectural style that was very popular in England from about 1180 until about 1520. As with the gothic architecture of other parts of Europe, English Gothic is defined by its pointed arches, vaulted rooves, buttresses, large windows, and spires.

Features of the Gothic style
Pointed arches
 Very high towers, spires and rooves
 Clustered columns: tall columns that looked like a group of thin columns bundled together
 Ribbed vaults: arched ceilings made of stone. In the Gothic style they were held up by stone ribs.
 A skeleton of stonework with big glass windows in between.
 Tracery: carved stone lace in the windows and on the walls
 Stained glass: richly coloured glass in the windows, often with pictures telling stories
 Buttresses: narrow stone walls jutting out from the building to help hold it up
 Flying buttresses: buttresses that help to hold the vault up. They are made with an arch that jumps over a lower part of the building to reach the outside wall.
 Statues: of saints, prophets and kings around the doors
 Many sculptures, sometimes of animals and legendary creatures. Gargoyles spout water from the roof.

Stages
Stages 

The various styles are seen at their best in the cathedrals, abbey churches and college buildings. It is a distinctive characteristic of the cathedrals of England that all but one of them show great stylistic diversity and have building dates that range over 400 years. The exception, Salisbury Cathedral, was built in 38 years.

 Early English (roughly 1170-1240)
 Decorated (roughly 1250−1350)
Geometric (1250–90)
Curvilinear (1290–1350)
 Perpendicular (roughly 1350−1520)

Early English 
Examples: Salisbury Cathedral, Whitby Abbey, the nave and transept of Wells Cathedral (1225—1240).

Characteristics 
The clearest sign of the Early English period was the pointed arch known as the lancet. Pointed arches were used for nave arcade, the doorways and lancet windows. The windows are narrow by comparison to their height and are without tracery. Lancet arches  are a sign of the style.
The Lancet openings of windows and arcades are often grouped in twos or threes. This is seen throughout Salisbury Cathedral where there are groups of two lancet windows lining the nave and groups of three lining the clerestory. At York Minster there are, in the north transept, a cluster of five lancet windows known as the Five Sisters, each fifty feet high and still have their ancient glass.

Romanesque (Norman architecture) builders generally used round arches. Compared with the rounded Romanesque style, the pointed arch of the Early English Gothic looks more elegant and, more importantly, is better at distributing the weight of the stonework above it. This makes it possible to span higher and wider gaps using narrower columns.

Instead of being massive, solid pillars, the columns were often composed of clusters of slender, detached shafts surrounding a central pillar.
By using the pointed arch, walls could become less massive and window openings could be larger and grouped more closely together. This gave a more open, airy and graceful building. The high walls and vaulted stone roofs were often supported by flying buttresses: half arches which transmit the outward thrust of the superstructure to supports or buttresses, usually on the outside of the building.

At its purest the style was simple and austere, emphasizing the height of the building, as if aspiring heavenward.

Decorated gothic 
Examples:  the east ends of Lincoln Cathedral and Carlisle Cathedral, and the west fronts of York Minster and Lichfield Cathedral. Much of Exeter Cathedral is built in this style.
Characteristics 
Decorated architecture has window tracery. Elaborate windows are subdivided by closely-spaced parallel mullions (vertical bars of stone). The mullions then branch out and cross, intersecting to fill the top part of the window with a mesh of elaborate patterns called tracery. The style was geometrical (more straight lines) at first and flowing (curves) in the later period. This evolution of decorated tracery is often used to subdivide the period into an earlier "geometric" and later "curvilinear" period.

Perpendicular gothic
Some of the earliest examples of the "perpendicular period", from 1360, are found at Gloucester Cathedral. The masons of the cathedral seem to be far in advance of those in other towns; the fan-vaulting in the cloisters is particularly fine. Also noteworthy are the Quire and tower of York Minster (1389–1407); the nave and western transepts of Canterbury Cathedral (1378–1411). Bath Abbey, Eton College Chapel and King's College Chapel, Cambridge (1446–1515) are also examples.

Characteristics 
It is called perpendicular because of its emphasis on vertical lines. This is particularly obvious in the design of windows, which became very large, sometimes of immense size, with slimmer stone mullions than in earlier periods. This allowed more scope for stained glass craftsmen. Buttresses and wall surfaces are likewise divided up into vertical panels. Another major development of this period was fan vaulting.
Some of the finest features of this period are the magnificent timber rooves. Hammerbeam rooves, like those of Westminster Hall (1395), and Christ Church Hall, Oxford, appeared for the first time. In areas of southern England elaborate decoration in flint was used, especially in the wool churches of East Anglia.

References 

Gothic architecture
Salisbury Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. The main body was completed in only 38 years, starting in 1220. It is considered to be one of the leading examples of Early English architecture.

The cathedral has the tallest church spire in the United Kingdom (123m/404 ft). Visitors can take the 'Tower Tour' where the interior of the hollow spire, with its ancient wood scaffolding, can be seen. The cathedral also has the largest cloister and the largest cathedral precinct ('close') in Britain (80 acres). The Cathedral contains the world's oldest working clock (from AD 1386). It also has one of the four surviving original copies of the Magna Carta (all four original copies are in England). 

Although commonly known as Salisbury Cathedral, the official name is the Cathedral of Saint Mary. In 2008, the cathedral celebrated the 750th anniversary of its consecration in 1258. It is the seat of the Bishop of Salisbury, the Rt. Revd. Nick Holtam (bishop since 2011).
Architectural style 
The whole of Salisbury Cathedral (except the tower and spire) is in the Early English style. Slim, pointed, vertical 'lancet' windows are used throughout. The image is simple and pure. There is little or no embellishing, and less detailed tracery than would be used in later buildings. This is characteristic of the Early English style, roughly 1190 to 1310. The building period of less than forty years resulted in this consistency of style.
History 
The Diocese of Salisbury had an earlier cathedral at Old Sarum a few miles away but this was replaced by the present cathedral when the bishops had moved to Salisbury. The foundation stone was laid on 28 April 1220. Due to the high water level in the new location, the cathedral was built on only four feet of foundation. By 1258 the nave, transepts and quire (choir) were complete. The west front was ready by 1265. The cloisters and chapter house were completed around 1280. Because the cathedral was built in only 38 years, Salisbury Cathedral has a single consistent architectural style, English Gothic architecture.
Chapter House and Magna Carta 
The Chapter House is notable for its octagonal shape, slender central pillar and decorative mediæval frieze. The frieze circles the interior, just above the stalls. It shows scenes and stories from the books of Genesis and Exodus. The chapter house displays the best-preserved of the four surviving original copies of Magna Carta. This copy came to Salisbury because Elias of Dereham was present at the meeting with King John at Runnymede in 1215. He was given the task of distributing some of the original copies. Later, Elias became a Canon of Salisbury and supervised the construction of Salisbury Cathedral.

References 

Anglican cathedrals in England
Salisbury
Buildings and structures in Wiltshire
13th-century buildings and structures‎
A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Perpendicular Gothic style. All its ribs are of the same curve and spaced the same.

This beautiful and elegant Gothic style of architecture, at its earliest appears in 1351.  

Vault (architecture)
"Gert Fram" is a short story that was written by Orson Scott Card in 1977. It is in his short story collection Maps in a Mirror. This short story was the first story Card wrote. It first came out in the July 1977 fine arts issue of Ensign magazine under the pen name Byron Walley.

1977 books
20th-century American short stories
The Vezina Trophy is awarded every year to the National Hockey League's goaltender who is chosen as the best goaltender. At the end of each season, the 30 General Managers of the teams in the National Hockey League vote to determine the goaltender who was the most valuable to his team during the regular season. Before 1981, it was awarded to the goaltender(s) of the team allowing the fewest goals during the regular season; now, the William M. Jennings Trophy is awarded under this previous definition.

History
The Vezina Trophy was named for Georges Vézina, a very good goaltender with the Montreal Canadiens. Vezina was ill with tuberculosis. He felt sick during a game in 1925. When Vezina died, the trophy was given to the League by the former owners of the Montreal Canadiens, Leo Dandurand, Louis Letourneau and Joe Cattarinich. It was first awarded at the end of the 1926-27 NHL season.
Until the 1980–81 season, the trophy was awarded to the goaltender(s) of the team that gave up the fewest goals during the regular season. However, this system often meant the trophy went to the goaltender of the better team rather than the individual. A change was made to offer the William M. Jennings Trophy to the goaltender(s) playing for the team with the fewest goals against. Since 1981, the Vezina Trophy has been awarded by the NHL General Managers to the most outstanding goaltender. Billy Smith of the New York Islanders was the first winner of the Vezina under the current system.

There have been numerous instances of players receiving the trophy many times in different years. Players have also tied for the trophy. Jacques Plante holds the record for winning the most Vezinas with seven. Bill Durnan and Dominik Hasek both of who have won six. Hasek has won the most under the current system of honouring the best individual goalie. Players for the Montreal Canadiens have won the Vezina 28 times.
Under the original definition, there would often be multiple winners from the same team during one season. In the 1973-74 NHL season, Tony Esposito of the Chicago Black Hawks and Bernie Parent of the Philadelphia Flyers finished tied for the fewest goals against, the only time that there would be a tie between two players from different teams. 

There are only three players that have won both the Vezina and Hart Memorial Trophy for the same season: Jacques Plante, who won both trophies for the 1961–62 season; Dominik Hasek who won both for the 1996–97 and 1997–98 seasons; and Jose Theodore, who won the Vezina and Hart for the 2001-02 NHL season. Two other Vezina winning goaltenders have also won the Hart Memorial Trophy: Roy Worters and Al Rollins. Chuck Rayner was the only goaltender to win the Hart Memorial Trophy, but never the Vezina.
The voting is conducted at the end of the regular season by the 30 general managers of the teams in the National Hockey League. Each individual voter ranks their top three candidates on a 5-3-1 points system. Three finalists are named. The trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the playoffs.

Winners

1927–1981
When introduced, the Vezina Trophy was awarded to the goaltender, or goaltenders, of the team that gave up the fewest goals in regular season play.

1982–present

The NHL adopted the current criteria for the Vezina Trophy beginning in 1982. The William M. Jennings Trophy was created as a new award for the goaltender(s) of the team that surrenders the fewest goals in regular season play.

Related pages
List of NHL players
List of NHL statistical leaders

References
General
Vezina Trophy history at NHL.com
Vezina Trophy history at Legends of Hockey.net
Specific

National Hockey League trophies and awards
The Memory of Earth (1992) is the first book of the Homecoming Saga by Orson Scott Card.  The Homecoming Saga is a fake story about the first 100 years in the Book of Mormon.

Other websites
 About the novel The Memory of Earth from Card's website

1992 books
Homecoming Saga
The Call of Earth (1992) is the second book in the Homecoming Saga by Orson Scott Card.

Other websites
 About the book The Call of Earth from Card's website

1992 books
Homecoming Saga
The Ships of Earth (1994) is the third book in the Homecoming Saga.  It was written by Orson Scott Card in 1994.

Other websites
 About the book The Ships of Earth from Card's website

1994 books
Homecoming Saga
The Homecoming Saga is a science fiction series by Orson Scott Card. The series is patterned on the Book of Mormon. Some of the names also come from the Book of Mormon.

Books
 The Memory of Earth (1992)
 The Call of Earth (1992)
 The Ships of Earth (1994)
 Earthfall (1995)
 Earthborn (1995)

Homecoming Saga
Earthfall (1995) is the fourth book of the Homecoming Saga.  It was written by Orson Scott Card in 1995.

Other websites
 About the novel Earthfall from Card's website

1995 books
Homecoming Saga
Earthborn (1995) is the fifth book of the Homecoming Saga.  It was written by Orson Scott Card, and is the last book in the Homecoming Saga.

Other websites
 About the book Earthborn from Card's website

1995 books
Homecoming Saga
Tor Books is an American book publishing company. It is one of two imprints of Tom Doherty Associates, LLC, based in New York City. It is noted for its science fiction and fantasy books. Tom Doherty Associates also publishes mainstream fiction, mystery, and some military history books under its Forge imprint. Tom Doherty Associates, LLC, was formed by Tom Doherty in 1980, and sold to St. Martin's Press in 1986. Along with St. Martin's Press, Henry Holt, and Farrar Straus Giroux, it is now part of the Holtzbrinck group.

Book publishing companies
Companies based in New York City
Publishing companies of the United States
1980 establishments in the United States
King's College Chapel is the chapel to King's College of the University of Cambridge. It is one of the finest examples of Gothic Perpendicular architecture. It is the home of the famous King's College Choir.

Related pages

King's College, Cambridge

Anglican churches in England
Buildings and structures in Cambridgeshire
16th-century buildings and structures
Sir Christopher Wren (20 October 1632 – 25 February 1723) was a 17th century English architect, designer, astronomer and geometer. He designed 51 churches in London after the Great Fire of London, including St. Paul's Cathedral.

Wren was born on 20 October 1632 in East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England. He was educated at Westminster School and Oxford University. He showed an early talent for mathematics. He invented an instrument for writing in the dark and a pneumatic machine. In 1657, Wren was appointed professor of astronomy at Gresham College in London. Four years later, he was appointed professor of astronomy at Oxford. In 1662, he was one of the founding members of the Royal Society.

Wren developed an interest in architecture following his studies of physics and engineering. In 1664 and 1665, Wren designed the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford and a chapel for Pembroke College, Cambridge. Thereafter, architecture became his main focus. In 1665, Wren visited Paris. He studied French and Italian baroque styles.
In 1666, the Great Fire of London destroyed much of the medieval city. Wren produced ambitious plans for rebuilding the whole area. His plans were rejected, partly because property owners insisted on keeping the sites of their destroyed buildings. Wren did design 51 new city churches, including a new St Paul's Cathedral. In 1669, he was appointed surveyor of the royal works. This gave him control of all government building in the country. He was knighted in 1673.

In 1675, Wren was commissioned to design the Royal Observatory at Greenwich. In 1682, he designed a hospital in Chelsea, London for retired soldiers, and in 1696 a hospital for sailors in Greenwich. Other buildings include Trinity College Library in Cambridge (1677 - 1692), and the facade of Hampton Court Palace (1689 - 1694). Wren often worked with the same team of craftsmen, including master plasterer John Groves and wood carver Grinling Gibbons.
Wren died on 25 February 1723. He was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. His gravestone features a Latin inscription which translates as: 'If you seek his memorial, look about you.'

Gallery of architectural work

References 

1632 births
1723 deaths
English architects
English astronomers
English mathematicians
Fellows of the Royal Society
People from Wiltshire
Presidents of the Royal Society
Coventry Cathedral, also known as St. Michael's Cathedral, is an Anglican cathedral. It is in Coventry, West Midlands, England.

In fact, the city has three cathedrals. The first was St. Mary's, a monastic building, only a few ruins of which remain. The second was St Michael's, a 14th-century Gothic Cathedral, which was largely destroyed by a bombing raid in the Second World War. The cathedral was bombed on 14 November 1940 by the German Luftwaffe, which destroyed much of central Coventry. Nails found in the ruins were formed into a cross and consecrated in the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche in Berlin.

The third cathedral is the new St Michael's Cathedral, built to replace the bombed cathedral. It is an important example of 20th century architecture.

The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry. The Right Reverend Dr. Christopher Cocksworth is the current Bishop of Coventry. He is the 9th Bishop of Coventry.

Other websites
Other websites

Anglican cathedrals in England
Organisations based in Coventry
Buildings and structures in West Midlands (county)
The world ocean, or global ocean is used to describe all the world's oceans as one large interconnected ocean. It is not a generally agreed term.

It is divided into the standard  oceans: the Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and the proposed southern ocean around the Antarctic. 

The world ocean is mainly the southern oceans. The Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans can be seen as bays or lobes going northward from the Southern Ocean. Farther north, the Atlantic opens into the Arctic Ocean, which is connected to the Pacific by the Bering Strait:
The southern ocean would be the ocean surrounding Antarctica, generally the ocean south of sixty degrees south latitude. Parts of the Southern Ocean are covered in sea ice, the extent of which varies according to the season. The southern ocean is the second smallest of the five named oceans. 
 The Atlantic Ocean, the second biggest, extends from the southern ocean between South America, Africa, North America and Europe, to the Arctic Ocean. The Atlantic meets the Indian Ocean south of Africa at Cape Agulhas.
 The Indian Ocean extends northward from the Southern Ocean to India, between Africa and Australia. The Indian Ocean joins the Pacific Ocean to the west, near Australia.
 The Pacific Ocean, the biggest of all, also reaches northward from the Southern Ocean to the Arctic Ocean. It is in the gap between Australia, Asia, North America and Oceania. The Pacific Ocean meets the Atlantic south of South America at Cape Horn.
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the five. It joins the Atlantic near Greenland and Iceland, and joins the Pacific at the Bering Strait. It is on the North Pole, touching North America in the Western hemisphere and Scandinavia and Asia in the Eastern hemisphere. Parts of the Arctic Ocean are covered in sea ice, the extent of which varies according to the season.
The oceans of the world are not constant. Climate change  happens, and so does continental drift over a much longer timescale.

Related pages
 Sea
 Plate tectonics

Oceans
The Bering Strait (Russian: Берингов пролив) is a sea strait between Cape Dezhnev, Russia, the easternmost point (169°43' W) of the Asian continent and Cape Prince of Wales on the edge of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, the westernmost point (168°05' W) of the North American continent, with latitude of about 65° 40' north, slightly south of the Arctic Circle. The strait was made around 40,000 years ago, when an old landmass between Asia and America known as Beringia was flooded at the end of the last ice age. The strait is passed through by the international date line, making from the view of the Russian side from the Alaskan side like looking at tomorrow.

Geography
Geography

The Bering Strait is 82 km at its narrowest point, and 90 meters deep at its deepest point (with an average depth of 50 meters), making the strait rather shallow. There are three small islands located in the strait. There are the two Diomede Islands in the middle of the strait, and a small rock (or islet) known as Fairway Rock southeast of the Diomede Islands.
Proposed crossing
There have been ideas of building a bridge or tunnel to link Alaska and Russia, where cars and trains could cross the strait. The crossing would have three parts, one connecting Big Diomede Island to Russia, one connecting Small Diomede with Alaska, and a final link between the islands. This would link the North American road system with the connected road systems of Asia, Europe, and Africa. There have not been any physical work done on such a crossing, mostly due to the remoteness of the strait, and the little demand for it. There are no major highways or railroads that connect the Bering Strait to the rest of Asia or America, so if either a tunnel or bridge was built across the strait, new connections to the rest of the highways and railways would have to be made for cars or trains to get there. The crossing might become more useful in the future however.

Sources

Straits
Geography of North America
Monolophosaurus  was a medium-sized theropod from China that lived during the Jurassic period. 

It had one feature not found on any other meat-eating dinosaur  a long, bony ridge that went from its nose back to the top of its head. The area where Monolophosaurus was discovered showed signs that it was sometimes covered with water, so it is possible that this dinosaur lived on the shore of a lake or sea.

The remains of the type of Monolophosaurus preserve a complete skull and partial postcranium.  In fact, these remains are amongst the most complete from the Middle Jurassic of China. The dinosaur was probably a basal tetanuran.

References 

Tetanurans
Hart's Hope (1983) is a fantasy book that is written by Orson Scott Card.

Other websites
 About the book Hart's Hope from Card's website

1983 books
American fantasy books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Twillingate is a town that can be found on the Twillingate Islands off the coast of Newfoundland. About 2500 people live in the town. It is known for its scenic landscape and friendly hospitality. Twillingate is about an hour and a half north of Gander and an hour north of Lewisporte.

Twillingate's economy is based around the fishery.

Towns in Newfoundland and Labrador
Gander is a town of almost 10,000 people in the central region of Newfoundland, Canada. It is home to the Gander International Airport, which used to be an important point for aircraft to refuel on long flights. Most of the streets in Gander are named after famous aviators, including Amelia Earhart, Alcock and Brown, Charles Lindbergh, Eddie Rickenbacker, Marc Garneau and Chuck Yeager.

References

Towns in Newfoundland and Labrador
A Trireme is an ancient oar-driven warship powered by about 170 oarsmen.  It was long and slender, had three tiers of oars and one sail.  On the bow was a battering ram that was used to destroy enemy ships.  The tip of the ram was made of bronze and could easily slice through the side of a wooden ship.

The Trireme was used by people of the Mediterranean Sea from the 7th to the 4th century BC and gets its name from its three rows of oars on each side, manned with one man per oar. The rowing men were not slaves, but were free men who were paid to row. In Ancient Greece, soldiers (called Hoplites) had to buy their own armour and weapons so men too poor to afford them became trireme rowers in wartime. They had to have a lot of practice at rowing as, during a battle, the ship had to be able to stop, start and turn very quickly.
As well as the rowing men, there were 30 others on a trireme. Some of these were sailors who worked the sail, others were soldiers who shot arrows and tried to get onto enemy ships, to attack their crews with swords and spears. The man who steered the trireme was called a kubernete by the Greeks. From this we get the English word Governor, for a person who leads a state.

Because there were many men crowded onto a small ship, triremes could not stay at sea very long. Often, they came to land each evening. The crew would pull the trireme out of the water and then sleep next to it on the beach.

Before a battle, the mast and sail were taken off and left on the shore. In battle, triremes would attempt to ram or board each other. Some triremes had catapults and ballistas on them, but they were hard to use in battle. Many ancient sea battles involved hundreds of triremes. In the Battle of Salamis, there were around 360 ships on the Greek side and 600 to 800 ships on the Persian side.
warships
Military of ancient Greece
Fabrosauridae is a proposed family of primitive ornithischian dinosaurs from late Triassic and Jurassic. The proposed "Fabrosaurs" descended from a Lesothosaurus-like animal. The group is not established; it appears to be polyphyletic, and its members may come from several other better-known groups.

Ornithischia
A Planet Called Treason (1979) is a science fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card.  After being changed, the book was renamed Treason (1988).

Other websites 
 About the book Treason from Card's website

1979 books
1988 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
American science fiction books
Saints (1983) is a historical fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card.  Saints tells about the fictional character named Dinah Kirkham, from Manchester, England, who goes to the United States and becomes one of the multiple wives of Joseph Smith, who is founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.

Saints was originally named Woman Of Destiny, even though Orson Scott Card was against this.

Other websites
 About the book Saints from Card's website

1983 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Historical novels
Hot Sleep: The Worthing Chronicle (1979) is a science fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card.  Although it is now out of print, Card's book The Worthing Chronicle (1983) has some of the same story.

Other websites
 Publication information for Hot Sleep available from Card’s website
 The book Hot Sleep from Card's website

1979 books
American science fiction books
Books by Orson Scott Card
The Worthing Chronicle (1983) is a science fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card.  This book is out of print, but it was released again in a collection of short stories called The Worthing Saga in 1990.

Other websites
 About the book The Worthing Chronicle from Card's website

1983 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
American science fiction books
Wyrms (1987) is a science fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card. The story looks at desire, wisdom, and human will.

Other websites
 About the book Wyrms from Card's website

1987 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
American science fiction books
The 2008 World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Draft was the fifth yearly (and sixth overall) Draft held by WWE. The Draft was held on June 23, 2008 in San Antonio, Texas from the AT&T Center. The Draft took place live for three hours on WWE's flagship program, Raw, which aired on the USA Network.

Report

Background
The Draft was announced by WWE Chairman, Vince McMahon on the May 26 2008 episode of Raw. During the announcement, he stated that every WWE Superstar, Diva, and Commentators were eligible to be drafted.

Superstar selections

Televised draft

Supplemental draft

Related pages
WWE Brand Extension
WWE Draft Lottery
WWE Raw

References

WWE Raw
WWE SmackDown!
Extreme Championship Wrestling
WWE Drafts
Sports in San Antonio, Texas
2008 in professional wrestling
2008 in Texas
21st century in San Antonio, Texas
June 2008 events

pl:WWE Draft#WWE Draft 2008
The Poplar Forest is the retreat home of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States of America. It is near Lynchburg, Virginia. 

His wife inherited the 4,819 acre plantation and he built an octagonal retreat  home there which was basically complete in the year 1812.  The home contains a central dining room in the shape of a cube, measuring 20 feet on all sides and lit from a skylight above. Currently under restoration, the building gives a fascinating glimpse of how things were built in those days, as well as showing off a few of Jefferson's inventions such as the triple sash window. Jefferson used the property as a respite from the busy Monticello, which was always welcoming visitors, and spent most of his time there only with close family members. He had a library containing 700 volumes and he used his time there to communicate with his 'absent friends', in other words, to catch up on his written correspondence.
Buildings and structures in Virginia
1812 establishments in the United States
1810s establishments in Virginia
Interstate 8 or I-8 is an Interstate Highway that runs from Interstate 10 near Casa Grande, Arizona to San Diego, California. The route is  long.

References

08
1964 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
20th-century establishments in Arizona
Regis Francis Xavier Philbin (; August 25, 1931 – July 24, 2020) was an American media personality, actor and singer, known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s. Sometimes called (alternatively attributed to James Brown) "the hardest working man in show business", he held the world record for the most time spent in front of a television camera. He was most widely known for Live! with Regis and Kelly (previously Live! with Regis and Kathie Lee), Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, Million Dollar Password, and for hosting the first season of America's Got Talent.
Early life
Philbin was born in the Bronx, New York City. His father, Francis "Frank" Philbin, a U.S. Marine who served in the Pacific, was of Irish ancestry.  His mother, Filomena "Florence" (nee Boscia), was of Arbëreshë ancestry. They lived in the Van Nest section of the Bronx. Philbin was raised Roman Catholic. He was supposedly named "Regis" because his father wanted him to attend the prestigious Regis High School.  It was long believed that Philbin was an only child, but on the February 1, 2007, broadcast of Live with Regis and Kelly, Philbin announced that he did have a brother, Frank M. Philbin (March 1, 1951 – January 27, 2007), who had died from non-Hodgkin lymphoma several days earlier. Philbin said his brother had asked to not be mentioned on television or in the press.
Philbin attended Our Lady of Solace grammar school in the Bronx, and graduated from Cardinal Hayes High School in the Bronx in 1949 before attending the University of Notre Dame, where he graduated in 1953 with a sociology degree. He later served in the United States Navy as a supply officer, then went through a few behind-the-scenes jobs in television and radio before moving into the broadcasting arena.

Television career
Philbin filled in for Dick Clark for the 2004 edition of Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve after Clark suffered a stroke.

On November 18, 2011, Philbin aired his final episode of Live! with Regis and Kelly.

Death 
On July 24, 2020, Philbin's family released a statement that he had died at the age of 88, one month before his 89th birthday. TMZ reported that Philbin had died at Greenwich Hospital in Connecticut of heart disease. The Blast revealed that he had died after having a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Official website promoting Regis's albums
 
 
 Official website for Live with Kelly and Michael
 Regis appears on Michael Eisner's talkshow on CNBC 
 Regis Philbin at NNDB
 Regis Philbin video interview in the Archive of American Television (2006)

American game show hosts
American television talk show hosts
Singers from New York City
1931 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Television personalities from New York City
William Grant Moggridge, RDI (25 June 1943 – 8 September 2012) was a British industrial designer and co-founder of the Silicon Valley-based design firm IDEO. He helped design what was arguably the first laptop computer, the GRiD Compass. He was in favour of user-centered design process in product development cycles and also worked towards popularizing interaction design as a mainstream discipline.

Moggridge was the author of Designing Interactions, published in October 2006. 

He was also involved in design education in the United Kingdom and the United States; teaching at the Royal College of Art, the London Business School and Stanford University.

References

 Designing Interactions  - book home page
 Talk at the Innvovationsforum Interactiondesign,  Germany 2007

1943 births
2012 deaths
British designers
Before I Self Destruct is 50 Cent's fourth album. It was released in 2009.

On the track "The End of My Career", on one of 50 Cent's mixtapes, he said that he has already recorded 12 tracks for the album.

References 

2009 albums
50 Cent
Hip hop albums
Udanoceratops had a very large skull (1.5 times the size of the next largest protoceratopid Montanoceratops) with no nasal horn. It most resembles Leptoceratops but with larger nasal apertures, less teeth in the upper jaw and more in the lower jaw - there are also differences in its teeth and skull bones. It has a mixture of advanced and primitive features and may turn out to be a ceratopsid.

Ceratopsids
Thai might mean:

Something related to the country Thailand
Thai people, the people of Thailand
Thai language, the language of Thailand
Thai food, the food of Thailand
Antonio Pappano (born December 30, 1959 in Epping) is a British conductor and pianist of Italian origin. He is the conductor of the orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London, and l'Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome.

Pappano was born in England, but his family had come from Italy. When he was 13 years old, he moved with his family to Connecticut, in the United States. There he had his musical training, learning to play the piano as well as composition and conducting. He became a rehearsal accompanist at the New York City Opera.

Pappano is the youngest conductor to lead the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House in London, accompanying both the Royal Opera and Royal Ballet. He is also an excellent piano accompanist.

1959 births
British conductors
Living people
Boris Berezovsky (Russian: Бори́с Вади́мович Березо́вский; born Moscow, 4 January 1969) is a famous Russian pianist. Berezovsky studied at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1988 he became well known in the West when he gave a recital in the Wigmore Hall in London. Two years later he won the gold medal at the 1990 International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.

Boris Berezovsky gives concerts all over the world. He plays concertos with many of the great orchestras including the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Orchestre de la Monnaie, Rotterdam Philharmonic, Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra, NDR Hamburg, Hessischer Rundfunk, New Japan Philharmonic, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and with conductors such as Kurt Masur, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Mikhail Pletnev and Antonio Pappano. Berezovsky has also made many recordings.
Berezovsky has a daughter, Evelyne Berezovsky (born 1991), who is also a pianist. He now lives in Brussels. Boris is an excellent jazz pianist and performs with his trio in Russian clubs.

References

Russian pianists
1969 births
Living people
In January 1925, Nome, Alaska needed medicine for a diphtheria epidemic. First, a ship tried to bring the medicine but ice was closing into the Bering Sea. The ship could not get to Nome. Next, they tried to bring the medicine by airplane. They could not because there was a blizzard (snow storm). The winds were too strong for the plane. So the medicine was sent by train from Anchorage, Alaska to Nenena, Alaska. Then sled dogs took turns carrying the medicine to Nome. The dog that ran the longest was Togo. Balto was the final dog. He lead the team into Nome. The medicine saved many children (almost all of the children). Balto, the other dogs, and the men who carried the medicine were given a hero's welcome. A few months later in New York City, a statue of Balto was placed in Central Park. It is still there today.

The serum run
The serum run 

In January 1925, doctors realized that a diphtheria epidemic was likely to sweep through Nome's young people. It could kill many people. The only serum that could stop it was in Anchorage. Anchorage was almost  away. The only aircraft that could get the medicine to Nome was taken out of winter storage, but its engine was frozen. It would not start. Officials chose to move the medicine by sled dog. The serum was transported by train from Anchorage to Nenana. At Nenana, the first musher began the trip as part of a relay to deliver the serum to Nome. More than 20 mushers took part. They had to deal with a blizzard with  temperatures and strong winds. News coverage of the race was worldwide.

After the events 
On December 22, 1995, Universal Pictures released the animated movie Balto. The movie was based on the events of the 1925 serum run, although there are big differences. They also made a 2nd and 3rd movie to the original.

Other websites 
Balto Online Forum 
Balto Online

Individual dogs
Sir  Colin Rex Davis, CH, CBE, (Weybridge, Surrey, 25 September 1927 – London, England 14 April 2013), was a British conductor. He was born in Weybridge, Surrey, UK. Davis went to school at Christ's Hospital before studying the clarinet at the Royal College of Music in London. He was not allowed to take conducting lessons there because he did not play the piano well enough. He still managed to get some experience as conductor of the Kalmar Orchestra with other music students.

In 1952 Davis worked at the Royal Festival Hall, and in the late 1950s conducted the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. He started to become well known when he was suddenly asked to conduct Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Don Giovanni at the Royal Festival Hall because Otto Klemperer was ill. A year later, in 1960, he conducted Mozart's The Magic Flute at Glyndebourne because Thomas Beecham was ill.
In the 1960s he worked at Sadler's Wells Opera and with the London Symphony Orchestra. He was Chief Conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 1971 he took over from Georg Solti as principal conductor at the Royal Opera House. He stayed there until 1986. He particularly liked conducting the operas of Michael Tippett, giving the first performances of The Knot Garden (1970), and The Ice Break (1977). In 1977 he became the first English conductor to appear at the Bayreuth Festival where he conducted Tannhäuser.
Davis was Principal Guest Conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1972 to 1984. He was Chief Conductor at the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1983 to 1993. In 1991, Davis was given the honorary title 'Conductor Laureate' of the Staatskapelle Dresden, the first conductor in the orchestra's history to hold that title. In 1995, Davis became Principal Conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. He stayed there until 2006, when the orchestra gave him the title of President. From 1998 to 2003, he was also Principal Guest Conductor of the New York Philharmonic.

He has received many honours, including CH and CBE
In 1949, Davis married the soprano April Cantelo. They had two children, Suzanne and Christopher. Their marriage ended in 1964, and in that same year, Davis married the young Iranian woman who had been the family au pair, Ashraf “Shamsi” Naini. To satisfy both the Iranian and British authorities, the couple were married three times, once in Iran and twice in the UK, in the Iranian Embassy as well as in a regular UK civil ceremony. They have five children.

On 14 April 2013, it was announced via the London Symphony Orchestra, of which Davis had been the president, that he had died that evening, aged 85, after a short illness.

Davis was not related to the conductor Sir Andrew Davis.

References

1927 births
2013 deaths
British conductors
Companions of Honour
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Grammy Award winners
Knights Bachelor
Musicians from Surrey
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Sea caves are a hollow chamber in a coastal cliff, made by the pounding power of crashing waves. "Sea arches" and "sea stacks" are also carved from these rocky cliffs.Sea waves carry on both erosional and depositional activities .The process of sea erosion is called marine erosion. 

Caves
Valery Abisalovich Gergiev (; born Moscow, 2 May 1953) is a Russian conductor and opera company director of Ossetian birth. He is general director and artistic director of the Mariinsky Theatre since 1988, and was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra and principal guest conductor of the Metropolitan Opera, New York until 2022. Valery Gergiev is the artistic director of the White Nights Festival in Saint Petersburg.

Life

Early years 

Gergiev was born in Moscow but was brought up in North Ossetia in the Caucasus. He was not a child prodigy, but he began to play the piano at secondary school, before going on to study at the St. Petersburg Conservatory in Leningrad from 1972 to 1977. His main conducting teacher was Ilya Musin who was one of the greatest conductors and teachers of conducting in Russian musical history.

Career