Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The arrondissement of Nancy is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Nancy.

History
When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the arrondissement of Nancy was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Nancy is in the middle of the southern part of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the Moselle department, to the east by the arrondissement of Lunéville, to the south by the Vosges department, to the west by the arrondissement of Toul and to the northwest by the arrondissement of Briey.

The arrondissement of Nancy has an area of  and a population of 417,430 inhabitants.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are only 16 cantons in the arrondissement of Nancy; they are:
Entre Seille et Meurthe
 Grand Couronné
 Jarville-la-Malgrange
 Laxou
 Lunéville-1 (partly)
 Lunéville-2 (partly)
 Meine au Saintois (partly)
 Nancy-1
 Nancy-2
 Nancy-3
 Neuves-Maisons (partly)
 Le Nord-Toulois (partly)
 Pont-à-Mousson (partly)
 Saint-Max
 Val de Lorraine Sud
 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy

Communes
The arrondissement of Nancy has 188 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Abaucourt (54001)
 Affracourt (54005)
 Agincourt (54006)
 Amance (54012)
 Armaucourt (54021)
 Arraye-et-Han (54024)
 Art-sur-Meurthe (54025)
 Atton (54027)
 Autreville-sur-Moselle (54031)
 Autrey (54032)
 Azelot (54037)
 Bainville-aux-Miroirs (54042)
 Bainville-sur-Madon (54043)
 Belleau (54059)
 Belleville (54060)
 Benney (54062)
 Bey-sur-Seille (54070)
 Bezaumont (54072)
 Blénod-lès-Pont-à-Mousson (54079)
 Bouxières-aux-Chênes (54089)
 Bouxières-aux-Dames (54090)
 Bouxières-sous-Froidmont (54091)
 Bouzanville (54092)
 Bralleville (54094)
 Bratte (54095)
 Brin-sur-Seille (54100)
 Buissoncourt (54104)
 Burthecourt-aux-Chênes (54108)
 Ceintrey (54109)
 Cerville (54110)
 Chaligny (54111)
 Champenoux (54113)
 Champey-sur-Moselle (54114)
 Champigneulles (54115)
 Chaouilley (54117)
 Chavigny (54123)
 Chenicourt (54126)
 Clémery (54131)
 Clérey-sur-Brenon (54132)
 Coyviller (54141)
 Crantenoy (54142)
 Crévéchamps (54144)
 Custines (54150)
 Diarville (54156)
 Dieulouard (54157)
 Dombasle-sur-Meurthe (54159)
Dommarie-Eulmont (54164)
 Dommartemont (54165)
 Dommartin-sous-Amance (54168)
 Erbéviller-sur-Amezule (54180)
 Essey-lès-Nancy (54184)
 Eulmont (54186)
 Faulx (54188)
 Ferrières (54192)
 Fey-en-Haye (54193)
 Flavigny-sur-Moselle (54196)
 Fléville-devant-Nancy (54197)
 Forcelles-Saint-Gorgon (54203)
 Forcelles-sous-Gugney (54204)
 Fraisnes-en-Saintois (54207)
 Frolois (54214)
 Frouard (54215)
 Gellenoncourt (54219)
 Gerbécourt-et-Haplemont (54221)
 Germonville (54224)
 Goviller (54235)
 Gripport (54238)
 Gugney (54241)
 Hammeville (54247)
 Haraucourt (54250)
 Haroué (54252)
 Heillecourt (54257)
 Houdelmont (54264)
 Houdemont (54265)
 Houdreville (54266)
 Housséville (54268)
 Jarville-la-Malgrange (54274)
 Jeandelaincourt (54276)
 Jevoncourt (54278)
 Jezainville (54279)
 Lalœuf (54291)
 Landremont (54294)
 Laneuvelotte (54296)
 Laneuveville-devant-Bayon (54299)
 Laneuveville-devant-Nancy (54300)
 Lanfroicourt (54301)
 Laxou (54304)
 Lay-Saint-Christophe (54305)
 Laître-sous-Amance (54289)
 Lebeuville (54307)
Lebeuville (54307)
 Lemainville (54309)
 Leménil-Mitry (54310)
 Lenoncourt (54311)
 Lesménils (54312)
 Leyr (54315)
 Loisy (54320)
 Ludres (54328)
 Lupcourt (54330)
 Létricourt (54313)
 Maidières (54332)
 Mailly-sur-Seille (54333)
 Maizières (54336)
 Malleloy (54338)
 Malzéville (54339)
 Mangonville (54344)
 Manoncourt-en-Vermois (54345)
 Marbache (54351)
 Maron (54352)
 Marthemont (54354)
 Maxéville (54357)
 Mazerulles (54358)
 Messein (54366)
 Millery (54369)
 Moivrons (54372)
 Moncel-sur-Seille (54374)
 Montauville (54375)
 Montenoy (54376)
 Morville-sur-Seille (54387)
 Mousson (54390)
 Méréville (54364)
 Nancy (54395)
 Neuves-Maisons (54397)
 Neuviller-sur-Moselle (54399)
 Nomeny (54400)
 Norroy-lès-Pont-à-Mousson (54403)
 Ognéville (54407)
 Omelmont (54409)
 Ormes-et-Ville (54411)
 Pagny-sur-Moselle (54415)
 Parey-Saint-Césaire (54417)
 Phlin (54424)
 Pierreville (54429)
 Pompey (54430)
 Pont-Saint-Vincent (54432)
 Pont-à-Mousson (54431)
 Port-sur-Seille (54433)
 Praye (54434)
 Prény (54435)
Prény (54435)
 Pulligny (54437)
 Pulnoy (54439)
 Quevilloncourt (54442)
 Raucourt (54444)
 Richardménil (54459)
 Rosières-aux-Salines (54462)
 Rouves (54464)
 Roville-devant-Bayon (54465)
 Réméréville (54456)
 Saffais (54468)
 Saint-Firmin (54473)
 Saint-Max (54482)
 Saint-Nicolas-de-Port (54483)
 Saint-Remimont (54486)
 Sainte-Geneviève (54474)
 Saizerais (54490)
 Saulxures-lès-Nancy (54495)
 Saxon-Sion (54497)
 Seichamps (54498)
 Sivry (54508)
 Sornéville (54510)
 Tantonville (54513)
 They-sous-Vaudemont (54516)
 Thorey-Lyautey (54522)
 Thélod (54515)
 Thézey-Saint-Martin (54517)
 Tomblaine (54526)
 Tonnoy (54527)
 Vandières (54546)
 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy (54547)
 Varangéville (54549)
 Vaudeville (54553)
 Vaudigny (54554)
 Vaudémont (54552)
 Velaine-sous-Amance (54558)
 Ville-au-Val (54569)
 Ville-en-Vermois (54571)
 Villers-lès-Moivrons (54577)
 Villers-lès-Nancy (54578)
 Villers-sous-Prény (54579)
 Viterne (54586)
 Vitrey (54587)
 Vittonville (54589)
 Voinémont (54591)
 Vroncourt (54592)
 Vézelise (54563)
Vézelise (54563)
 Xeuilley (54596)
 Xirocourt (54597)
 Éply (54179)
 Étreval (54185)
Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Nancy
"Lady Jane Grey" is an English epic poem by Francis Hodgson. It was published in 1809. It tells about the life and death of Lady Jane Grey.

The hero 
Jane Grey, known as The Nine Days Queen, was a great-granddaughter of the king Henry VII, father of Henry VIII. When Henry VIII's son and successor Edward VI died, the crown of England was offered to her. She was however soon put in prison by Queen Mary I of England, called Bloody Mary. She was sentenced to death. She had her head cut off in the Tower of London. She was seventeen years old at the time.

The author 
Francis Hodgson was an English romantic poet. He was born in 1781. He was a friend of Lord Byron. He was known as a translator. He translated into English many works by Roman poets. He died in 1852.

The form 
The poem is written in iambic pentameter put in heroic couplets. Such form was typical for English poetry in 18th century.
Through these low grounds of sorrow, toil and strife,
As runs the troubled stream of human life,
Why should the poor laborious crowd repine?
For wealth, for honour, lovely Jane were thine,
Yet my sad tale examplifies in thee,
How equal are our shares of misery
Or in the highest, or the humblest lot,
The king's proud palace, or the straw-roof'd cot.

Reviews 
The poem was reviewed in The Satirist: Or, Monthly Meteor and The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine Or Monthly Political and Literary Censor.

References

Bibliography 
 Lady Jane Grey, a Tale in Two Books with Miscellanneous Poems in English and Latin by Francis Hodgson, London 1809.

Epic poems
1800s British poems
A chigger is a small, parasitic mite which lives in tall grass. It is a member of a larger family known as the Trombiculidae. 

The species of Trombiculidae which bite in their larval stage cause "intense irritation", or "a wheal, usually with severe itching and dermatitis". 

Their color can range from bright red to brown. Chiggers are almost too small to see with the naked eye, so checking grass for them is near impossible. Chigger bites appear 2-3 hours after a host is bitten, and can last for a few weeks. They bite in hot, moist places, such as the armpits, under the knees, and the genitals.

Trombiculidae live in forests and grasslands and in low, damp areas such as woodlands, berry bushes, orchards, along lakes and streams. It does live in drier places, such as lawns, golf courses, and parks. They are most numerous in early summer when grass, weeds, and other vegetation are heaviest. 

In their larval stage they attach to various animals and feed on skin, often causing itching.
The best known species of chigger in North America is the hard-biting Trombicula alfreddugesi of the southeastern United States, humid midwest and Mexico. In the UK, the most common chigger, the "harvest mite", is Trombicula autumnalis. It lives through Western Europe to Eastern Asia.

References 

Arachnids
Parasites
The arrondissement of Toul is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Toul.

History
When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the arrondissement of Toul was part of that original department. In 1926, it was eliminated but became again an arrondissement in 1943.

Geography
The arrondissement of Toul is most western of the southern part of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Briey, to the east by the arrondissement of Nancy, to the south by the Vosges department and to the west by the Meuse department. It has an small exclave to the southeast of the arrondissement of Briey.

The arrondissement of Toul has an area of  and a population of 69,418 inhabitants, the arrondissement with fewest inhabitants in the department.

Composition
Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are only 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Toul; they are:

 Meine au Saintois (partly)
 Neuves-Maisons (partly)
 Le Nord-Toulois (partly)
 Pont-à-Mousson (partly)
 Toul

Communes
The arrondissement of Toul has 112 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Aboncourt (54003)
 Aingeray (54007)
 Allain (54008)
 Allamps (54010)
 Andilly (54016)
 Ansauville (54019)
 Arnaville (54022)
 Avrainville (54034)
 Bagneux (54041)
 Barisey-au-Plain (54046)
 Barisey-la-Côte (54047)
 Battigny (54052)
 Bayonville-sur-Mad (54055)
 Beaumont (54057)
 Bernécourt (54063)
 Beuvezin (54068)
 Bicqueley (54073)
 Blénod-lès-Toul (54080)
 Boucq (54086)
 Bouillonville (54087)
 Bouvron (54088)
 Bruley (54102)
 Bulligny (54105)
 Charey (54119)
 Charmes-la-Côte (54120)
 Chaudeney-sur-Moselle (54122)
 Choloy-Ménillot (54128)
 Colombey-les-Belles (54135)
 Courcelles (54140)
 Crépey (54143)
 Crézilles (54146)
 Dolcourt (54158)
 Domgermain (54162)
 Dommartin-la-Chaussée (54166)
 Dommartin-lès-Toul (54167)
 Domèvre-en-Haye (54160)
 Écrouves (54174)
 Essey-et-Maizerais (54182)
 Euvezin (54187)
 Favières (54189)
 Flirey (54200)
 Fontenoy-sur-Moselle (54202)
 Foug (54205)
 Francheville (54208)
 Fécocourt (54190)
 Germiny (54223)
 Gibeaumeix (54226)
 Gondreville (54232)
 Grimonviller (54237)
Griscourt (54239)
 Grosrouvres (54240)
 Gye (54242)
 Gélaucourt (54218)
 Gémonville (54220)
 Gézoncourt (54225)
 Hamonville (54248)
 Jaillon (54272)
 Jaulny (54275)
 Lagney (54288)
 Laneuveville-derrière-Foug (54298)
 Lay-Saint-Remy (54306)
 Limey-Remenauville (54316)
 Lironville (54317)
 Liverdun (54318)
 Lucey (54327)
 Mamey (54340)
 Mandres-aux-Quatre-Tours (54343)
 Manoncourt-en-Woëvre (54346)
 Manonville (54348)
 Martincourt (54355)
 Minorville (54370)
 Mont-l'Étroit (54379)
 Mont-le-Vignoble (54380)
 Moutrot (54392)
 Ménil-la-Tour (54360)
 Noviant-aux-Prés (54404)
 Ochey (54405)
 Pagney-derrière-Barine (54414)
 Pannes (54416)
 Pierre-la-Treiche (54426)
 Pulney (54438)
 Rembercourt-sur-Mad (54453)
 Rogéville (54460)
 Rosières-en-Haye (54463)
 Royaumeix (54466)
 Saint-Baussant (54470)
 Sanzey (54492)
 Saulxerotte (54494)
 Saulxures-lès-Vannes (54496)
 Seicheprey (54499)
 Selaincourt (54500)
 Sexey-aux-Forges (54505)
 Sexey-les-Bois (54506)
 Thiaucourt-Regniéville (54518)
 Thuilley-aux-Groseilles (54523)
Toul (54528)
 Tramont-Lassus (54530)
 Tramont-Saint-André (54531)
 Tramont-Émy (54529)
 Tremblecourt (54532)
 Trondes (54534)
 Uruffe (54538)
 Vandelainville (54544)
 Vandeléville (54545)
 Vannes-le-Châtel (54548)
 Velaine-en-Haye (54557)
 Vilcey-sur-Trey (54566)
 Villers-en-Haye (54573)
 Villey-Saint-Étienne (54584)
 Villey-le-Sec (54583)
 Viéville-en-Haye (54564)
 Xammes (54594)
Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Toul
John Michael "Mick" Mulvaney (born July 21, 1967) is an American politician. Mulvaney was the United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland from 2020 to 2021. He was the 44th Director of the Office of Management and Budget from February 16, 2017 to March 2020. He was the U.S. Representative for  from 2011 through 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. Mulvaney served as a member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the 16th district (Lancaster and York Counties), from 2009 to 2011.

He is the first Republican to represent South Carolina's 5th district since 1883. On December 16, 2016, it was reported that Presidential-Elect Donald Trump has selected Mulvaney as Director of the Office of Management and Budget. On February 16, 2017, the Senate confirmed him, 51-49.

In November 2017, Trump controversially appointed Mulvaney as Acting Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

On December 14, 2018, Trump hired Mulvaney as White House Chief of Staff-designate in an acting capacity.
In March 2020, President Trump nominated Mulvaney to be United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland. In January 2021, Mulvaney resigned as Special Envoy for Northern Ireland following the storming of the U.S. Capitol.

Early life
Mulvaney was born in Alexandria, Virginia. He grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina, before moving to Indian Land, South Carolina. He studied at Charlotte Catholic High School and then Georgetown University.

U.S. House of Representatives (2011–2017)

Elections
Mulvaney ran against Democratic incumbent John Spratt for . The race was highlighted by Mitt Romney's Free and Strong America PAC's "Take Congress Back: 10 in '10" initiative as one of the top 10 House challenger races. He defeated Spratt, who had held the seat since 1983, with 55% of the vote.
Mulvaney won re-election to a second term, by defeating Democrat Joyce Knott 56%–44%. He won re-election to a third term, by defeating Democrat Tom Adams, a Fort Mill Town Council member, 59%–41%. Mulvaney was re-elected to a fourth term, winning over 59% of the vote.

Tenure
Mulvaney aligned himself with the Tea Party movement. On December 10, 2013, Republican Representative Paul Ryan and Democratic Senator Patty Murray announced that they had negotiated the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, a proposed two-year budget deal. In 2015, Mulvaney voted against a government-funding resolution, in part because it included funding for Planned Parenthood. Mulvaney opposed gun control initiatives.

In September 2015, Mulvaney endorsed Kentucky Senator Rand Paul in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries.
Director of the Office of Management and Budget (2017–2020)
On December 16, 2016, Mulvaney was announced to have been chosen by President-elect Donald Trump to be the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Mulvaney's nomination as Director-designate was reviewed in hearings held by the members of the United States Senate Committee on the Budget and the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs then presented to the full Senate for a vote. On February 16, 2017, the Senate confirmed Mulvaney, 51-49.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau controversy
Trump appointed Mulvaney to serve as Acting Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Many believe that Trump cannot appoint an Interim director. The dispute has arisen over whether Mulvaney can be so-named under the FVRA or whether a provision of the Dodd-Frank Act controls, which would make the deputy director, currently Leandra English, acting director of the CFPB instead.
The Senate may also resolve the dispute by confirming a permanent replacement once nominated by the President. On November 28, 2017, a federal judge ruled in Trump's favor to allow Mulvaney to serve as CFRB Acting Director.

Acting White House Chief of Staff (2019–2020)
On December 14, 2018, Donald Trump named Mulvaney as his acting White House Chief of Staff, replacing John F. Kelly. He was sworn-in on January 2, 2019. He was replaced by Mark Meadows in March 2020.

Special Envoy to Northern Ireland (2020–2021)
After leaving his Chief of Staff post, Mulvaney was named Special Envoy for Northern Ireland, a role which had last been held by Gary Hart. His swearing-in was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which also prevented him from making a planned trip to Northern Ireland as envoy.

He was sworn in via virtual FaceTime call on May 1, 2020. He resigned on January 7, 2021.

Personal life
Mulvaney has two siblings. He married his wife Pamela West in 1998. They have triplets. He is a Roman Catholic.

Notes
Notes

References

Other websites

 Congressman Mick Mulvaney  official U.S. House site
 
 
 

1967 births
Living people
Politicians from Alexandria, Virginia
United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland
American Roman Catholics
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
Directors of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
United States representatives from South Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
South Carolina Republicans
Charles John Zwick (July 17, 1926 – April 20, 2018) was an American civil servant. He served as director of the United States' Office of Management and Budget from January 29, 1968 until January 21, 1969 under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson.

Zwick died of cancer on April 20, 2018 in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 91.

References

1926 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
American economists
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
People from Connecticut
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Two types of electrical circuits are the series circuit, and the parallel circuit.

Series Circuit

In a series circuit, the electrical current is only able to flow around a single path. The current will flow from a power source, such as a battery, into one or more electrical loads, such as a light bulb, and then back to the power source. In a series circuit, the same amount of amperage from the power source flows through each load. The voltage in a series circuit is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads on a series circuit stops working, the current will not be able to flow through the rest of the circuit, and the rest of the loads will also stop working.

Parallel circuit
Parallel circuit

In a parallel circuit, the electrical current may flow along multiple paths before returning to the power source. The Voltage in a parallel circuit is the same across all of the loads in the circuit. In a parallel circuit, the amperage is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads in a parallel circuit stops working, the other loads in parallel will be able to continue to work. The voltage in a parallel circuit is the same on all the loads.

Electricity
On 19 December 2016, Russian diplomat Andrei Karlov was shot dead during an exhibition in Ankara, Turkey. He was shot dead by an assailant who was angry about Russian involvement in Syria and the deaths of civilians in Aleppo.

References 

2016 in Turkey
2010s murders in Asia
2010s in Ankara
Crime in Turkey
December 2016 events
Murder in 2016
Murders by firearm
Terrorist incidents in 2016
Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2010s
A Chromebook is a laptop that uses the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system. 

It uses the internet. Most applications and data are in the "cloud". A Chromebook is an example of a thin client. It is a lightweight computer which uses remote access to a server. It depends heavily on another computer (its server) to do its computation.

In March 2018, Acer and Google announced the creation of the first Chromebook tablet: the Chromebook Tab 10. This device was to compete with the market for discount Apple iPad tablets in the education market. The Tab 10 screen (9.7 inches, 2048 x 1536 resolution) was identical to that of the iPad. The device includes a stylus. Neither device included a keyboard.
In March 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools used Chromebooks to do school online, and put apps onto it like Google Meet and Zoom. 30 million Chromebooks were bought by schools in 2020 alone because of it. Some schools used iPads, but they cost too much money for other schools, so they use Chromebooks.

References 

Laptops
Google
Gavialis is a genus of crocodylians that includes the living gharial Gavialis gangeticus and several extinct species.

Gharials
Andrei Gennadyevich Karlov (; 4 February 1954 – 19 December 2016) was a Russian diplomat. He served as the Russian Ambassador to Turkey from 12 July 2013 until his death. He also served as Russia's ambassador to North Korea from 9 July 2001 to 20 December 2006. He was born in Moscow.

Karlov, 62, was shot and killed on 19 December 2016 in Ankara, Turkey. His killer, 22-year-old Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, was killed by security forces.

References

1954 births
2016 deaths
Ambassadors of Russia
Assassinated Russian people
Murders by firearm
Russian politicians
Background 
After a series of victories in the West, the Union Army of the Potomac launched a major offensive on the Virginia Peninsula. Their goal was to take Richmond, the Confederate States' capital. The Union was expecting a similar victory that could quickly end the war. In Virginia, the Union army now controlled the western part of the state. They established armies in Fredericksburg and in the lower Shenandoah Valley. While the Shenandoah Valley was important to both sides, it was far more important to the Confederacy. Its geography provided a natural corridor which Confederate armies could use to attack the North. It also provided a safe refuge when the same armies needed to move south again. The Shenandoah Valley was most important because its crops fed the Confederate armies.

Battles
Battles

First Battle of Kernstown 
The battle was fought in Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia on March 23, 1862. It was the opening battle in Jackson's Valley Campaign. Jackson's cavalry commander, Colonel Turner Ashby, had skirmished with Union troops on March 22, 1862. On March 23, Jackson sent his cavalry under Ashby against the Union position. Colonel Nathan Kimball, the Union commander, concentrated his forces on Pritchard Hill and also set up his artillery there. Jackson set up his artillery west of Pritchard Hill on Sandy Ridge. During the battle he visited his artillery position. He discovered that while he thought he was attacking a moderate sized Union army, he was in fact fighting an entire division. Seeing a force much larger than his, Jackson turned to his aide and said "We are in for it."
Jackson changed his attack plan. He placed his infantry around his guns on Sandy Ridge. Kimball, not realizing that his forces outnumbered Jackson's, attacked Sandy Ridge to silence the Confederate cannons. At about four o'clock, Kimball's infantry ran into Jackson's Stonewall Brigade at the base of Sandy Ridge with heavy fighting. Jackson only managed to hold his position even though he kept sending in more troops. The fight soon turned into a stalemate with neither side being able to push back the other. Kimball began sending in Union reinforcements and by six o'clock the Confederates were running out of ammunition. At this point they began to withdraw. Soon the withdrawal turned into a running fight that only ended after dark.

Although the battle was a Confederate tactical defeat, it represented a strategic victory for the South. It prevented the Union from sending forces from the Shenandoah Valley to reinforce McClellan on the peninsula.

Battle of McDowell
Battle of Front Royal 
The next battle was fought on May 23, 1862 at Front Royal, Virginia. Jackson's forces attacked a 1,000 man Union garrison commanded by colonel Kenly. The Confederates surprised the pickets and quickly overran them. They drove the Union force back through the streets of Front Royal to Camp Hill (now Overlook Park in the southeastern part of Winchester). Kenly's force tried to set fire to the river bridges as they retreated but the fires were quickly put out. On Camp Hill, the Union forces made a stand before falling back to Guard Hill. They were quickly outflanked by the Confederate force and retreated towards Cedarville. Confederate cavalry under Major Flournoy made two charges on the retreating Union forces. About 900 Union soldiers surrendered.
First Battle of Winchester 
Jackson's victory at Front Royal caused Union general Nathaniel Banks to move his forces from Strasburg and retreat to Winchester. With Jackson now on his right flank, Banks was in danger of being cut off from his base at Winchester. President Lincoln felt Jackson's army in the Shenandoah Valley threatened the safety of Washington D.C. He ordered General Irvin McDowell's corps to hold their position at Fredericksburg, Virginia and not join McClellan's Union push towards Richmond.
When Banks arrived at Winchester, he started organizing his defenses. Jackson's army approached from the south while Ewell's army approached from the southeast. On May 25, Jackson's forces made their first attack, but were thrown back. Ewell's division attacked Camp Hill. At the same time Jackson's Louisiana Brigade outflanked, then overran the Union position on Bower's Hill (southwestern part of Winchester). With their flanks broken, the Union troops began a disorganized retreat through the city of Winchester. Even citizens of Winchester fired on the Union soldiers. Banks retreated across the Potomac River back into Maryland.  As a result of the battle, Banks lost about 2,000 men and nearly all of his supplies. The total Confederate casualties numbered only about 400. This was the decisive victory for Jackson's Valley Campaign.

Battle of Cross Keys
On June 9, 1862, the last of the six battles of Jackson's Valley Campaign was fought at Port Republic, Virginia. Jackson had arrived in the area after dark on June 7. The next day he learned that Frémont's Union forces had been prevented from joining those of General James Shields at Cross Keys. Early in the morning of June 9, Jackson's forces used a makeshift bridge to cross over the South River in Virginia. Union general Erastus B. Tyler placed artillery batteries on a ridge covering the front of the Union position. When Jackson arrived he ordered an assault across the wheat field without taking the time to organize his forces. He had also not made a reconnaissance to find out what Union forces were there and how they were placed. The Stonewall Brigade led the Confederate charge. As they moved forward they came under heavy attack from Tyler's artillery batteries. Jackson sent Richard Taylor's Louisiana brigade on a flank attack against the Union artillery
. But the Union gunners saw the flank attack developing and pinned down the Confederates with artillery fire. Jackson knew he had to break through the Union line before Frémont could join Shields. While Jackson was trying to find a way to solve the problem, Ewell's men arrived from Cross Keys. Ewell immediately saw the problem and he attacked the Union left flank. This gave the Stonewall Brigade time to regroup. Confederate artillery batteries opened up on the Union front. This caused the Union line to break and fall back in retreat. This last victory gave Jackson control of the upper and middle Shenandoah Valley.
Aftermath 
Jackson's Valley Campaign in the spring of 1862 was a tremendous success. In just 48 days, his approximately 17,000 Confederates had marched  up and down the Shenandoah Valley. They engaged and defeated three different Union armies totaling about 52,000 men. Jackson kept them from reinforcing McClellan's army on the Virginia Peninsula. The campaign cost the Union 5,735 casualties at a loss of about 2,441 Confederate casualties. They captured so many supplies from Banks' army that Confederate soldiers began referring to the Union general as "Commissary Banks."

Notes

References 

American Civil War battles
1862 in Virginia
Mattel is an American multinational toy company. It was founded in 1945.

The company makes products and brands, like American Girl dolls, Barbie dolls, Fisher-Price toys, Thomas & Friends trains and Hot Wheels toys. 

In 2014, it ranked #403 on the Fortune 500 list. It is the largest toy maker in terms of revenue.

Toys
Talking SpongeBob
Talking Patrick
Talking Squidward
Squirting SpongeBob
Babbling SpongeBob
Beach Blastin SpongeBob
Eye-Poppin SpongeBob
Pants-Droppin SpongeBob
Barbie Loves SpongeBob

References

Companies based in California
1945 establishments in the United States
Toy companies
Manufacturing companies of the United States‎
The 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

On 15 March 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

Presidential

Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in Florida. Florida has not voted Republican in the general election since 2008.

Results

Caucuses

Democratic 

The Democratic caucus occurred on 15 March 2016.

Republican 

The Republican caucus occurred on 1 March 2016.

Related pages
 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

References

Other websites 
 RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process 
 Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
 2016 Presidential primaries , ElectionProjection.com
 Interactive Map, 2016 Florida Primary Election Results - ap.com
 Decision Desk Headquarter Results for Florida
2016 United States presidential election by state
2010s in Florida
The 2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

On 7 June 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

Presidential

Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in New Jersey. New Jersey has voted Democrat in every general election since 1992.

Results

Caucuses

Democratic 

The Democratic caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.

Republican 

The Republican caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.

Related pages

 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

References 

2016 United States presidential election by state
On 19 December 2016 at 20:02 Central European Time, a truck rammed into a crowd of people at a Christmas market in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. This killed 12 people and injured 49 others. The original driver of the truck was found shot dead in the passenger seat. 

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the terrorist attack. The perpatrator was Anis Amri, a Tunisian asylum seeker. On 23 December 2016, Amri was shot dead by an Italian police officer in Sesto San Giovanni, Lombardy. German police later confirmed that Amri's fingerprints were the same as those in the truck.

Attack 
The truck that was involved, a Scania semi-trailer truck, was owned by a Polish company named Usługi Transportowe Ariel Żurawski. The truck was transporting steel beams to Berlin.
The original truck driver, Lukasz Urban, is believed to have been killed by the perpetrator. He was stabbed and shot in the head. On 19 December 2016, at 20:02 local time, the truck drove through a Christmas market. This killed 12 people. The truck drove 50–80 metres (160–260 ft) and destroyed many booths. Some witnesses saw the driver leave the truck and run towards Tiergarten.

Reactions 
Czech Finance Minister Andrej Babiš said "Unfortunately... [Angela Merkel's open-door migration] policy is responsible for this dreadful act. It was she who let migrants enter Germany and the whole of Europe in uncontrolled waves, without papers, therefore without knowing who they really are." Marcus Pretzell, husband of AfD leader Frauke Petry, tweeted: "When will the German state of law strike back? When will this cursed hypocrisy finally stop? These are Merkel's dead! #Nice #Berlin."

Muslims and Chrisitians held a vigil together after the attack.
Related pages
 2016 Nice attack, a similar attack in Nice, France, in July

References 

2016 disasters in Europe
2016 in Germany
2010s crimes in Germany
2010s murders in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016
Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
December 2016 events
2016 truck attack
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2016
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
Mass murder in 2016
Mass murder in Germany
Religion in Germany
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2016
Terrorist incidents in Germany
Terrorist incidents involving vehicular attacks
In late December 2016, 58 people died from mass methanol poisoning in Irkutsk, Russia. It was caused by people drinking cheap counterfeit alcohol that was actually supposed to be used as a bath lotion. The counterfeit was called Boyaryshnik (Боярышник; Russian for "Hawthorn").

Cause 
Boyaryshnik was much cheaper than vodka, so people bought it instead amid the tough economic conditions. Similar incidents have been on the rise as Russia's economy has suffered from low oil prices and international sanctions from the Russian intervention in Ukraine. Russia's deputy prime minister said before the incident that this type of alcohol made up 20% of all the alcohol drank in the country.

The lotion was mixed with methanol; which is an alcohol that is poisonous. The label on the bottle said that the lotion instead had ethanol. A total of 58 people died from drinking the lotion. The victims were poor and were all between the ages of 35 and 50.
Aftermath 
Many people who were involved with making the potion were arrested. About 500 litres (130 US gal) of lotion was confiscated from the facility where it was made.

Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev called for a ban on counterfeit alcohol, stating that "it's an outrage, and we need to put an end to this."

References 

2016 disasters in Asia
2010s in Russia
December 2016 events
The 2015 Kyrgyzstani parliamentary election was held on 4 October 2015.

Electoral system 

The 120 seats in the Supreme Council were elected by proportional representation. This means that if a party gets 20% of the vote, for example, they get 20% of the seats. A party had to receive at least 7% of the vote to get seats in the council. No party was allowed to win more than 65 seats.

Campaign 

Many political parties were formed before the election; often made by wealthy Kyrgyz who want to promote their own interests.

A lot of potential candidates were not allowed to run due to criminal convictions. One party leader, a former boxer, was banned after he beat up a rival candidate.

Result 

Sources:

Conduct 

Even though there were some reports of voter fraud, the OSCE said that the elections were "lively and competitive" and "unique in this region." The PACE said that voters had "made their choice freely among a large number of contestants."
The OSCE did note some problems with voter registration, and the Council of Europe had concern over the transparency of some campaigns and financing.

References 

2015 elections
Politics of Kyrgyzstan
2010s elections in Asia
The Kyrgyzstan Party is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. It was created in May 2015 by businessman Sharshenbek Abdakerimov. The party is now led by Kanatbek Isaev (a former member of the Respublika Party.)

The party has a lot of support in the south of the country. In the 2015 Parliamentary elections, the Kyrgyzstan Party won 18 seats after getting 12.67% of the votes.

References

Other websites 
 http://kyrgyzstan7.kg — Official website 

2015 establishments in Asia
Political parties in Asia
Politics of Kyrgyzstan
Organizations based in Kyrgyzstan
Branchiobdellida are an order of leech-like worms that are mostly ectoparasites of crayfish.

References

Annelids
Patrick Henry Grace (1832 – February 24, 1896) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition of 1871. He was a native of Ireland but moved to the United States. His original name was Henry Patrick Grace but he changed it. Grace was cited for "gallant and meritorious service".

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Chief Quartermaster, U.S. Navy. Born: 1835. Ireland. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No. 177, December 4, 1915.

Citation 
On board the U.S.S. Benicia during the attack on the Korean forts, 10 and 11 June 1871. Carrying out his duties with coolness, Grace set forth gallant and meritorious conduct throughout this action.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients

References

1832 births
1896 deaths
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Year of birth unknown
Kelly [ kel-ee ] is a given name and family name. As a given name, Kelly is used mostly for females. However, there are some males with the name.

As a family name, Kelly has many origins. The family name started in the 19th century. It was used for a masculine name in the late 19th century. Feminine use began around 1940. By 1957, it surpassed male usage thanks to American actress Grace Kelly. Kelly is a gender-neutral name that has been in vogue for both male and female individuals for several decades. The name has roots in Ireland and is derived from the Gaelic term "ceallach," which signifies "warrior" or "fighter." Kelly has a fascinating past and is linked with numerous notable personalities, such as actors, musicians, and sportspeople.

Kelly, as a girl's name, was at #900 in 1950. It peaked at #10 around 1977. Kelly is still popular as a girl's name, although it has declined. This name was ranked #849 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People
People 

 Kelly Ayotte, American politician
 Kelly Carlson, American actress
 Kelly Clarkson, American singer, songwriter, author, and television personality
 Kelly Kelly, American professional wrestler, model, dancer and television personality
 Kelly Rowland, American singer and actress

References

Surnames
Given names
Joan Letitia LaCock (later Joanne Dru; January 31, 1922 – September 10, 1996) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She played Anne Stanton in All the King's Men in 1949. She also played Patricia Nash Dean in The Pride of St. Louis in 1952. 

Dru was born in Logan, West Virginia. She died in Los Angeles, California resulting from respiratory failure and lymphedema. She was 74.

References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
1922 births
1996 deaths
All the King's Men is a 1949 political drama movie.

Plot
Politician Willie Stark goes from a rural county seat to the governor's mansion. He loses a race for county treasurer. Stark teaches himself law. As a lawyer, he continues fighting the local establishment. He eventually rises to become a candidate for governor. He loses the first time. On his second try, he wins.

Along the way, Stark loses his innocence. He becomes dishonest like the politicians against whom he fought. His son becomes paralyzed in a drunk driving accident that kills a female passenger.

Cast
 Broderick Crawford as Willie Stark
 John Ireland as Jack Burden
 Joanne Dru as Anne Stanton
 John Derek as Tom Stark
 Mercedes McCambridge as Sadie Burke
 Shepperd Strudwick as Adam Stanton
 Ralph Dumke as Tiny Duffy
 Anne Seymour as Mrs. Lucy Stark
 Katharine Warren as Mrs. Burden
 Raymond Greenleaf as Judge Monte Stanton
 Helene Stanley as Helene Hale
 Walter Burke as Sugar Boy
 Will Wright as Dolph Pillsbury
 Grandon Rhodes as Floyd McEvoy
Character actor Paul Ford has an uncredited role as the Leader of the Senate Opposition

Awards

All the King's Men won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress.

1949 drama movies
1940s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Robert Rossen
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies about elections
Movies about politicians
"The Waste Land" is a poem by T.S. Eliot. It was first published in 1922. After it had been printed in London in The Criterion, it was reprinted in New York in The Dial. Then it was published in the form of a book. The poem is dedicated to Ezra Pound, whom T.S. Eliot regarded as his friend and teacher of poetry. Ezra Pound was the first reader of the poem. He helped Eliot to make it shorter and better.

The poem is divided into five parts. They are: The Burial of the Dead, A Game of Chess, The Fire Sermon, Death by Water and What the Thunder Said. It is composed of 433 lines. The work is written in free verse and blank verse.
The poem is full of quotations from classic works of world literature. Eliot makes allusions to Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, Oliver Goldsmith, Ovid, Charles Baudelaire, Gerard de Nerval and Thomas Kyd. He uses different sources of inspiration, including both Christianity and Buddhism. The story is based on the Christian legend of the search for the Holy Grail. The poem ends with the Sanskrit words Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. / Shantih shantih shantih.
 
"The Waste Land" is commonly considered to be one of the most important literary works of the 20th century. It has been translated into many languages. Czesław Miłosz, a Nobel Prize winner, translated it into Polish.

References

Bibliography 
 The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot, Horace Liveright, New York 1930.

Other websites 
 T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land. Full text of the poem at Poetry Foundation.
 T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land at Gutenbrg Project.
 Richard Ellman, On The Composition of The Waste Land. 

20th-century British poems
Monster High  is an American fashion doll franchise. It was created by Mattel. They launched the brand in July 2010.

The dolls are based on horror movie characters. The initial characters were created by Garrett Sander and his twin brother Darren. Besides the dolls, Monster High includes books, video games, and television specials. Ever After High is a spin-off of Monster High. The Ever After dolls are based on fairy tale characters.

References

2010 establishments in the United States
Dolls
Azərpoçt is the official national postal operator of Azerbaijan. It provides postal, payment and retail services. Azərpoçt currently operates through 1,500 post offices across Azerbaijan, from urban to the most remote rural regions.

Related pages 
 Postal codes in Azerbaijan
 Telephone numbers in Azerbaijan
 ISO 3166-2:AZ

Other websites
  

1999 establishments in Asia
Companies of Azerbaijan
1990s establishments in Azerbaijan
Postal services
The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League (NHL) .

The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Kings defeated the Eastern Conference champion  New Jersey Devils four games to two.

Rosters
Years in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column mean that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.

Los Angeles Kings

New Jersey Devils

References

Stanley Cup Finals
2012 in ice hockey
Ice hockey competitions
May 2012 events
June 2012 events
New Jersey Devils
2012 in California
2010s in Los Angeles, California
2010s in New Jersey
Mevlut Mert Altintas (June 24, 1994 - December 19, 2016) was a Turkish police officer, he worked in the Turkish Security Agency, Ministry of riot police for two and a half years. He shot and killed Russian Ambassador Andrei Karlov in Turkey December 19, 2016 in the Turkish city of Ankara.

References

1994 births
2016 deaths
Assassins
Police officers
Turkish criminals
There are 5 arrondissements in the Moselle department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Moselle are:

History
Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in nine districts: Metz, Bitche, Boulay, Briey, Longwy, Morhange, Sarreguemines, Sarrelouis and Thionville, with Metz as is capital.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the nine districts were changed into four arrondissements: Metz, Briey, Sarreguemines and Thionville.
The Moselle department was eliminated in 1871 when part of the territory became part of Germany; the remaining parts were combined with the Meurthe department to form Meurthe-et-Moselle.

In 1919, a new department of Moselle was formed with nine arrondissements.  In 2015, four arrondissements were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining five arrondissements: Forbach-Boulay-Moselle, Metz, Sarrebourg-Château-Salins, Sarreguemines and Thionville.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Moselle
Chad Robinson (20 October 1980 –  26 November 2016) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer. He played from 2000 until 2009 as a lock and second-row forward. He played for the Parramatta Eels, the Sydney Roosters and the Harlequins RL. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales.

Robin was reported missing on 26 November 2016. He was found dead on 22 December 2016 in Kenthurst, New South Wales. He was 36.

References

Other websites
 Chad Robinson at the Rugby League Project

1980 births
2016 deaths
Australian rugby league players
Sportspeople from Sydney
The term significant figures refers to the digits, in a number or measurement, which show the precision (sureness) of the number. For example, in the number 2300, the count of significant digits is 2. In the number 2040, the significant digits are "204" as a total of 3.

Numbers
Measurement
Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (Southern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur INP Toulouse (INP Toulouse Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Course.

Programs 
Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at INP Toulouse.

Most of the 6300 graduate engineer students at INP Toulouse live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with 105,000 students from Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées.
Research labs 
Concerning research activities, INP Toulouse brings together 17 laboratories, nearly 1,000 researchers (teachers-researchers, researchers from major organizations, PhD), grouped together in laboratories associated with CNRS, INRA and other Toulouse universities.

References

Further reading 

 Official website 

Technical colleges and universities in Toulouse
1969 establishments in France
The arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Forbach.

History
The arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle was formed when the former arrondissements of Forbach and of Boulay-Moselle were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new arrondissement.

Geography
The arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle is in the north central part of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by Germany, to the east by the Sarreguemines arrondissement, to the south by the Sarrebourg-Château-Salins arrondissement, to the southwest by the Metz arrondissement and to the west by the Thionville arrondissement.

The arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle has an area of . It is the second largest of the 5 arrondissements of the department but the third in population (245,222 inhabitants) and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Composition