Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A frequently made error (also in some books) is to rewrite this equation using a "relativistic mass" (in the direction of motion) of .
The reason why this is incorrect is that light, for example, has no mass, but has energy. If we use this formula, the photon (particle of light) has a mass, which is according to experiments incorrect.

In special relativity, an object's mass, total energy and momentum are related by the equation
 .
For an object at rest,  so the above equation simplifies to . Hence, a massive object at rest still has energy. We call this rest energy and denote it by :
.

 History 
The need for special relativity arose from Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism, which were published in 1865. It was later found that they call for electromagnetic waves (such as light) to move at a constant speed (i.e., the speed of light).
To have James Clerk Maxwell's equations be consistent with both astronomical observations[1] and Newtonian physics,[2] Maxwell proposed in 1877 that light travels through an ether which is everywhere in the universe.

In 1887, the famous Michelson-Morley experiment tried to detect the "ether wind" generated by the movement of the Earth.[3] The persistent null results of this experiment puzzled physicists, and called the ether theory into question.

In 1895, Lorentz and Fitzgerald noted that the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment could be explained by the ether wind contracting the experiment in the direction of motion of the ether.  This effect is called the Lorentz contraction, and (without ether) is a consequence of special relativity.
In 1899, Lorentz first published the Lorentz equations.  Although this was not the first time they had been published, this was the first time that they were used as an explanation of the Michelson-Morley's null result, since the Lorentz contraction is a result of them.

In 1900, Poincaré gave a famous speech in which he considered the possibility that some "new physics" was needed to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment.

In 1904, Lorentz showed that electrical and magnetic fields can be modified into each other through the Lorentz transformations.

In 1905, Einstein published his article introducing special relativity, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", in Annalen der Physik.  In this article, he presented the postulates of relativity, derived the Lorentz transformations from them, and (unaware of Lorentz's 1904 article) also showed how the Lorentz Transformations affect electric and magnetic fields.

Later in 1905, Einstein published another article presenting E = mc2.
In 1908, Max Planck endorsed Einstein's theory and named it "relativity".  In that same year, Hermann Minkowski gave a famous speech on Space and Time in which he showed that relativity is self-consistent and further developed the theory.  These events forced the physics community to take relativity seriously.  Relativity came to be more and more accepted after that.

In 1912, Einstein and Lorentz were nominated for the Nobel prize in physics due to their pioneering work on relativity.  Unfortunately, relativity was so controversial then, and remained controversial for such a long time that a Nobel prize was never awarded for it.
Experimental confirmations 
 The Michelson-Morley experiment, which failed to detect any difference in the speed of light based on the direction of the light's movement.
 Fizeau's experiment, in which the index of refraction for light in moving water cannot be made to be less than 1.  The observed results are explained by the relativistic rule for adding velocities.
 The energy and momentum of light obey the equation .  (In Newtonian physics, this is expected to be .)
 The transverse doppler effect, which is where the light emitted by a quickly moving object is red-shifted due to time dilation.
 The presence of muons created in the upper atmosphere at the surface of Earth.  The issue is that it takes much longer than the half-life of the muons to get down to Earth surface even at nearly the speed of light.  Their presence can be seen as either being due to time dilation (in our view) or length contraction of the distance to the earth surface (in the muon's view).
Notes 
 [1] Observations of binary stars show that light takes the same amount of time to reach the Earth over the same distance for both stars in such systems.  If the speed of light was constant with respect to its source, the light from the approaching star would arrive sooner than the light from the receding star.  This would cause binary stars to appear to move in ways that violate Kepler's Laws, but this is not seen.
 [2] The second postulate of special relativity (that the speed of light is the same for all observers) contradicts Newtonian physics.
 [3] Since the Earth is constantly being accelerated as it orbits the Sun, the initial null result was not a concern.  However, that did mean that a strong ether wind should have been present 6 months later, but none was observed.

Related pages
 General relativity

 References
References 

 W. Rindler, Introduction to Special Relativity'', 2nd edition, Oxford Science Publications, 1991, .
 Web article on the history of special relativity 
 Relativity Calculator - Learn Special Relativity Mathematics The mathematics of special relativity presented in as simple and comprehensive manner possible within philosophical and historical contexts.

Other websites 
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SR/rocket.html 

Relativity
Albert Einstein
Basic physics ideas
1964 (MCMLXIV) was .

Events
January 1 – Top of the Pops is first shown on BBC television.
 January 3 – Footage of The Beatles performing a concert in Bournemouth, England is shown on The Jack Paar Show.
 January 15 – Vee Jay Records files a lawsuit against Capitol Records and Swan Records over manufacturing and distribution rights to Beatles albums. On April 9, Capitol Records is granted an court order stopping Vee Jay Records from further manufacturing, distributing or advertising recordings by the Beatles.
 January 17 - Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl is published for the first time.
 January 18 – The Beatles appear on the Billboard magazine charts for the first time.
 February 1 – Indiana Governor Welsh declares the song "Louie Louie" by the Kingsmen pornographic. He requests that the Indiana Broadcasters Association ban the record. Governor Welsh claimed that his "ears tingle" when he heard the song. Publisher Max Firetag offers $1,000 to anyone that can find anything "suggestive" in the song's lyrics.
February 7 – The Beatles arrive in the United States and are greeted by thousands of screaming fans at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
 March – Columbia Records is bombarded with requests for heavyweight boxing champion Cassius Clay's album, I Am the Greatest, following Clay's defeat of Sonny Liston in February.
 March 21 – For the first time in history, all Top Ten singles on the U.K. chart are by British acts.
 March 27 – A major earthquake strikes southern Alaska.
 April 4 – The Beatles hold all five top positions on Billboard's Top Pop Singles chart with their singles "Can't Buy Me Love", "Twist and Shout", "She Loves You", "I Want to Hold Your Hand", and "Please Please Me".
 April 11 – The Beatles hold 14 positions on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Previously, the highest number of concurrent singles by one artist on the Hot 100 was nine by Elvis Presley, December 19, 1956.
 April 20 – BBC 2 is launched.
 April 26 – The Rolling Stones release their eponymous first album.
April 26 – Tanzania is formed by uniting Zanzibar and Tanganyika.
 May 2 – In the United States, The Beatles' Second Album climbs to the #1 spot on the LP charts in only its second week of release, making it the first album ever to reach #1 that quickly.
 July 31 – Country singer Jim Reeves dies in an airplane crash near Nashville.
 September 21 – Malta becomes independent.
 September 22 – Fiddler on the Roof opens on Broadway.
 October 14 – Martin Luther King, Jr. wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
 October 15 – Nikita Krushchev is overthrown in the Soviet Union.
 October 16 – Harold Wilson becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
 October 27 - Ronald Reagan delivers "A Time for Choosing" speech at a campaign ceremony for Barry Goldwater. 
 November 3 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson defeats Barry Goldwater in the Presidential election.
January 3 - Rendor Ács, Hungarian politician and actor
 January 7 – Nicolas Cage, American actor
 January 12 – Jeff Bezos, American entrepreneur
 January 12 - Clare Holman, British actress
 January 13 – Bill Bailey, British comedian
 January 14 – Mark Addy, English actor
 January 17 – Michelle Obama, First lady and wife of the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama
 January 18 – Jane Horrocks, British actress
 January 23 – Mariska Hargitay, American actress
 January 23 – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana
 January 26 – Torkil Nielsen, Faroese footballer and chess player
 January 27 – Bridget Fonda, American actress
 February 10 – Francesca Neri, Italian actress
 February 10 – Glenn Beck, American broadcaster
 February 11 – Sarah Palin, 11th Governor of Alaska
 February 16 – Christopher Eccleston, English actor
 February 18 – Matt Dillon, American actor
 February 25 – Lee Evans, British comedian
 March 1 – Paul Le Guen, French football manager
 March 6 – Sandro Rosell, Spanish football manager
March 9 – Juliette Binoche, French actress
 March 10 – Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
 March 17 – Rob Lowe, American actor
 March 29 – Elle Macpherson, Australian model and actress
 April 2 – Hirobumi Zaima, Japanese footballer
 April 6 – David Woodard, American writer and conductor
 April 7 – Russell Crowe, New Zealand-born Australian actor
 April 14 – Stuart Duncan, American musician
 April 14 – Gina McKee, English actress
 April 17 – Maynard James Keenan, American singer
 April 20 – François Bourdoncle, French businessman
 April 20 – Andy Serkis, English actor
 April 25 – Hank Azaria, American actor and comedian
 May 13 – Stephen Colbert, American actor and comedian
 May 26 – Lenny Kravitz, American musician
 June 15 – Courteney Cox, American actress
 June 15 – Michael Laudrup, Danish footballer
 June 19 — Boris Johnson, British Prime Minister
 June 21 – Oleg Kononenko, Russian cosmonaut
 June 22 – Dan Brown, American writer
 June 23 – Joss Whedon, American television and movie director
July 3 – Yeardley Smith, American actress
 July 9 – Courtney Love, American musician, singer and actress
 July 10 – Urban Meyer, American football manager
 July 15 – Tetsuji Hashiratani, Japanese football manager
 July 19 – Masashi Hachuda, Japanese football manager
 July 22 – John Leguizamo, Colombian/Puerto Rican American actor and comedian
 July 24 – Barry Bonds, American baseball player
 July 26 – Sandra Bullock, American actress
 July 30 – Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer
 August 2 – Mary-Louise Parker, American actress
 August 3 – Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime Minister of Thailand
 August 8 – Klaus Ebner, Austrian writer
 September 2 – Keanu Reeves, American actor
 September 9 – John Hughes, Scottish football manager
 September 14 – Faith Ford, American actress
 September 28 – Paul Jewell, English football manager
 September 30 – Monica Bellucci, Italian actress
 October 22 – Craig Levein, Scottish football manager
 October 23 – Robert Trujillo, American musician
October 30 – Jean-Marc Bosman, Belgian footballer
 October 31 – Marco van Basten, Dutch footballer and coach
 November 1 - Kerry Peers, Welsh actress
 November 11 – Calista Flockhart, American actress
 November 16 – Diana Krall, Canadian jazz singer
 November 27 – Roberto Mancini, Italian footballer and manager
 November 29 – Don Cheadle, American actor
 December 1 – Salvatore Schillaci, Italian footballer
 December 4 – Sertab Erener, Turkish singer
 December 8 – Teri Hatcher, American actress
 December 9 – Hape Kerkeling, German comedian
 December 13 – Hide, Japanese musician (d. 1998)
 December 18 – Robson Green, British actor
 December 18 – Stone Cold Steve Austin, American professional wrestler
 December 23 – Eddie Vedder, American singer
Deaths

January 

 January 1 – Bechara Khoury, President of Lebanon (b. 1890)
 January 29 – Alan Ladd, American actor (b. 1913)

February 

 February 6 – Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippines (b. 1869)

March 

 March 20 – Brendan Behan, Irish writer (b. 1923)
 March 23 – Peter Lorre,  Austrian actor (b. 1904)

April 

 April 5 – Douglas MacArthur, American general (b. 1880)
 April 24 – Gerhard Domagk, German bacteriologist (b. 1895)

May 

 May 2 – Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, American-British politician (b. 1879)
 May 11 – Andrus Saareste, Estonian linguist (b. 1892)
 May 21 – James Franck, German-born physicist (b. 1882)
 May 27 – Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (b. 1889)

June 

 June 11 – Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1897)

July 
 July 31 – Jim Reeves, American country singer (b. 1923)

August 

 August 7 – Aleksander Zawadzki, President of Poland (b. 1899)
 August 12 – Ian Fleming, British writer (b. 1908)

September
September 

 September 2 – Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President of Portugal (b. 1894)
 September 28 – Harpo Marx, American comedian (b. 1888)

October 

 October 10 – Eddie Cantor, American actor, comedian and dancer (b. 1892)
 October 15 – Cole Porter, American composer (b. 1891)
 October 20 – Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States (b. 1874)
 October 22 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1894)

November

December 

 December 9 – Edith Sitwell, English poet (b. 1887)
 December 11 – Sam Cooke, American singer-songwriter (b. 1931)
 December 17 – Victor Francis Hess, Austrian-born physicist (b. 1883)
 December 21 – Carl Van Vechten, American writer (b. 1880)
Nobel prizes
 Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov for work that led to the development of laser and maser
 Nobel Prize in Chemistry won by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, British biochemist
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Konrad Bloch,  German American biochemist, and Feodor Lynen,  German biochemist
 Nobel Prize in Literature won by Jean-Paul Sartre, a French philosopher
 Nobel Peace Prize won by Martin Luther King Jr., an American Baptist minister and activist

Other websites
Events 
 Outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War
 June 30 – Tower Bridge in London opened.

Births 
 February 10 - Harold Macmillan, British Prime Minister 
 April 17 – Nikita Krushchev, Soviet leader
 March 20 – Ky Ebright, American Olympic rowing coach (d. 1979)
 July 26 – Aldous Huxley, English writer
 November 27 - Katherine Milhous, American illustrator and writer (d. 1977)

Deaths 
  1 January  – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
 1 November - Alexander III of Russia Czar of Russia father of Czar Nicholas II
Year 587 (DLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 587 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Deaths 
 Saint David
Up to 1900 
 70  A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
 878  King Louis II of France is crowned by Pope John VIII.
 1159  Pope Alexander II is chosen.
 1191  Third Crusade: Battle of Asruf - Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Asruf.
 1228  Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor lands at Acre, Palestine, starting the Sixth Crusade.
 1533  Future-Queen Elizabeth I of England is born, as the daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII of England, who had expected a male heir to the throne.
 1571  Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is arrested for his role in the Ridolf plot to assassinate Elizabeth I of England and replace her on the throne with Mary, Queen of Scots.
 1706  War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to a French withdrawal from Italy.
 1764  Election of Stanislaw August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1776  World's first submarine attack. The American submarine Turtle tried to put a time bomb on the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship Eagle in New York Harbor.
 1778  American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war, on the US' side.
 1812  Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon defeated the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino.
 1818  Carl III of Sweden-Norway became king of Norway, in Trondheim.
 1822  Brazil becomes independent from Portugal.
 1837  French explorer Jules Dumont D'Urville starts his expedition to Antarctica.
 1853  German explorer Heinrich Barth enters Timbuktu.
 1860  Unification of Italy: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples.
 1864  American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
 1876  In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James Younger-Gang attempt to rob the town's bank, but are driven off by armed citizens.
1901  1950 
 1901  The Boxer Rebellion in China ends with the signing of the Peking Protocol.
 1906  Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France successfully.
 1907  The Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her first voyage from Liverpool in the UK to New York City in the US.
 1909  Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, and dies as a result. He becomes the first 'pilot' in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air flight.
 1911  French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail. It was believed that he took the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. He is later found to be innocent.
 1921  In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America beauty pageant is held.
 1922  In Aydin, Turkey, independence from Greek occupation is declared.
 1922  The Bank of Latvia is founded.
 1927  The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo T. Farnsworth.
1929  Finnish passenger steamer Kuru sinks, killing 136 people.
 1932  Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia: Start of the Battle of Boquerón.
 1936  The last-surviving member of the thylacine species dies in the Hobart Zoo, Hobart, Tasmania.
 1940  World War II: The Blitz – Nazi Germany begins to bomb London. This will be the first of 57 nights of bombing.
 1940  Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
 1942  World War II: Australian and American forces inflict a significant defeat on Japan at the Battle of Milne Bay.
 1943  A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas kills 55 people.
 1945  World War II: Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since 1941, surrender to US Marines.
 1949  The German Bundestag, parliament of West Germany and later the whole of Germany, meets for the first time. So does the Bundesrat, whose leader Karl Arnold is the first acting President of the Federal Republic.
1951  2000 
 1953  Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee.
 1953  Mohammed Daoud Khan becomes Premier of Afghanistan.
 1955  Floods in India make around 45 million people homeless. It is not known how many people died.
 1963  The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio.
 1965  Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Pirahna on the Batangan Peninsula.
 1970  An anti-war rally is held at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, attended by John Kerry, Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland.
 1977  The Torrijos-Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The US agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
1978  While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is targeted by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella. He dies as a result of the attack four days later.
 1979  The Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) makes its debut.
 1986  Desmond Tutu becomes the first black to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.
 1986  Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet escapes an assassination attempt.
 1987  East German leader Erich Honecker visits West Germany.
 1996  In Las Vegas, Nevada, actor and rapper Tupac Shakur is shot several times after attending a boxing match.
 1998  Google Inc. is founded.
 1999  A major earthquake close to Athens, Greece results to the collapse of few buildings in the area. About 150 people are killed.
From 2001 
 2004  The Serbian government backs a decision by Ljiljana Colic to require the teaching of both creationism and evolution in schools.
 2004  Hurricane Ivan hits Grenada, killing 39 people.
 2005  Egypt holds its first multi-party election.
 2008  The US Government takes over the mortgage financial companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
 2011  A plane carrying the Russian Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team crashes shortly after take-off, killing 43 of the 45 people on board, with one, Alexander Galimov, dying five days later. Some of Europe's leading ice hockey players are among those killed in the crash, as only the flight engineer, Alexander Sizov, survives.
 2012  Several earthquakes strike southern China, with at least 80 people being killed.
 2012  Canada breaks off diplomatic relations with Iran over its stance on the political crisis in Syria.
2013  The Liberal Party of Australia-led coaltion, under leadership of Tony Abbott, defeats Kevin Rudd's Australian Labor Party in Australia's general election.
 2013  Tokyo wins the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics.
 2017  The 2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes in Mexico.
 2019  Bianca Andreescu becomes the first tennis player born in the 2000s to win a Grand Slam singles title, winning the Women's Final at the US Open against Serena Williams.
Up to 1900 
 786  Emperor Saga of Japan (d. 842)
 1388  Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (d. 1412)
 1438  Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (d. 1471)
 1492  Jacob Acontius, Italian humanist, philosopher, jurist and engineer (d. 1567)
 1524  Thomas Erastus, Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583)
 1533  Elizabeth I, Queen of England (d. 1603)
 1641  Tokugawa Ietsuna, Japanese shogun (d. 1680)
 1674  Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (d. 1728)
 1683  Mary Anne of Austria, Queen of Portugal (d. 1754)
 1694  Johan Ludvig, Danish politician (d. 1763)
 1707  Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, biologist and writer (d. 1788)
 1726  François-André Danican Philidor, French chess player and composer (d. 1795)
 1731  Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer, singer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1765)
 1740  Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor (d. 1814)
 1795  John Polidori, English writer (d. 1821)
 1807  Henry Sewell, 1st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1879)
1810  Hermann Heinrich Gossen, Prussian economist (d. 1858)
 1813  Emil Korytko, Polish political activist and translator (d. 1839)
 1815  John McDouall Stuart, Scottish-Australian explorer (d. 1866)
 1815  Howell Cobb, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1868)
 1817  Louise of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1898)
 1818  Thomas Talbot, 31st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1886)
 1819  Thomas A. Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States and 16th Governor of Indiana (d. 1885)
 1829  Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist and naturalist (d. 1896)
 1831  Alexandre Falguiere, French sculptor and painter (d. 1900)
 1836  Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
 1842  Johannes Zukertort, German chess player (d. 1888)
 1859  Juan Campisteguy, President of Uruguay (d. 1937)
 1860  Grandma Moses, American painter (d. 1961)
 1866  Tristan Bernard, French playwright and novelist (d. 1947)
 1867  J. P. Morgan, American banker (d. 1943)
1869  Ben Viljoen, South African general (d. 1917)
 1870  Aleksandr Kuprin, Russian writer and adventurer (d. 1938)
 1870  Thomas Curtis, American athlete (d. 1964)
 1876  Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1934)
 1876  C. J. Dennis, Australian poet (d. 1938)
 1885  Elinor Wylie, American poet and novelist (d. 1928)
 1887  Edith Sitwell, English poet and critic (d. 1964)
 1894  Vic Richardson, Australian cricketer, footballer and sportscaster (d. 1969)
 1894  Gala Dali, wife of Salvador Dalí (d. 1982)
 1895  Jacques Vaché, French writer (d. 1919)
 1898  Mamie Rearden, American supercentenarian (d. 2013)
 1900  Taylor Caldwell, American novelist (d. 1985)
 1900  Giuseppe Zangara, Italian attempted-assassin of Franklin D. Roosevelt (d. 1945)
1901  1950 
 1908  Michael E. DeBakey, American heart surgeon (d. 2008)
 1908  Max Kaminsky, American trumpeter and bandleader (d. 1994)
 1909  Elia Kazan, Greek-born American movie and theatre director (d. 2003)
 1911  Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian Communist political leader (d. 1998)
 1912  Henry Packard, American businessman (d. 1996)
 1913  Anthony Quayle, British actor and director (d. 1989)
 1914  James Van Allen, American scientist (d. 2006)
 1915  Kiyoshi Ito, Japanese mathematician (d. 2008)
 1917  John Cornforth, Australian chemist (d. 2013)
 1918  Jorge Illueca, 38th President of Panama (d. 2012)
 1921  Peter A. Peyser, American politician (d. 2014)
 1923  Louise Suggs, American golfer (d. 2015)
 1923  Peter Lawford, British-American actor (d. 1984)
 1924  Daniel Inouye, Hawaiian United States Senator (d. 2012)
 1925  Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (d. 1985)
 1925  Allan Blakeney, Canadian politician (d. 2011)
 1926  Erich Juskowiak, German footballer (d. 1983)
1926  Don Messick, American voice actor (d. 1997)
 1926  Ronnie Gilbert, American folk singer, songwriter, actress and activist (d. 2014)
 1926  Samuel Goldwyn, Jr., American film producer (d. 2015)
 1926  Patrick Jenkin, English politician
 1927  Eric Hill, English writer and illustrator (d. 2014)
 1929  Bobby Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2001)
 1930  Sonny Rollins, American jazz musician
 1930  Baudouin I, King of Belgium (d. 1993)
 1931  Charles Camilleri, Maltese composer (d. 2009)
 1931  Bruce Reynolds, British train robber (d. 2013)
 1934  Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian writer and poet (d. 2012)
 1934  Omar Karami, former Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2015)
 1935  Alan Steel, Italian bodybuilder and actor (d. 2015)
 1935  Abdou Diouf, 2nd President of Senegal
 1935  Pedro Manfredini, Argentine footballer
 1936  Buddy Holly, American singer (d. 1959)
 1937  Oleg Lobov, Russian politician
 1937  Olly Wilson, American pianist, bassist and composer
1939  Stanislav Petrov, Soviet-Russian lieutenant colonel (d. 2017)
 1940  Abdurrahman Wahid, 4th President of Indonesia (d. 2009)
 1940  Dario Argento, Italian movie director and screenwriter
 1944  Bora Milutinovic, Serbian footballer and coach
 1945  Jacques Lemaire, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
 1946  Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist and philosopher (d. 2001)
 1949  Barry Siegel, American journalist
 1949  Gloria Gaynor, American singer
 1950  Julie Kavner, American voice actress
1951  1975 
 1951  Chrissie Hynde, American guitarist and singer
 1952  Des Bremner, Scottish footballer
 1954  Michael Emerson, American actor
 1954  Corbin Bernsen, American actor
 1955  Efim Zelmanov, Russian mathematician
 1956  Diane Warren, American composer
 1957  Jermaine Stewart, American singer (Culture Club) (d. 1997)
 1957  Alok Sharma, Indian-English politician
 1958  Goran Hadzic, Serbian politician (d. 2016)
 1959  Alfred Gislason, Icelandic handball coach
 1959  Ray Stewart, Scottish footballer 
 1960  Brad Houser, American bass guitarist, baritone saxophone and bass clarinet player
 1960  Phillip Rhee, American actor, martial artist, director and producer
 1961  Jean-Yves Thibaudet, French pianist
 1962  Jennifer Egan, American writer
 1962  Hasan Vezir, Turkish footballer and manager
 1963  Eazy-E, American rapper (d. 1995)
 1964  Andy Hug, Swiss martial artist and kickboxer (d. 2000)
 1965  Darko Pancev, Macedonian footballer
 1965  Andreas Thom, German footballer
1968  Marcel Desailly, French footballer
 1969  Diane Farr, American actress
 1969  Angie Everhart, American actress
 1972  Slug, American rapper
 1972  Simon Nash, English voice actor
 1973  Shannon Elizabeth, American actress and poker player
 1974  Mario Frick, Liechtenstein footballer
 1974  Stéphane Henchoz, Swiss footballer
 1975  Norifumi Abe, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2007)
 1975  Harold Wallace, Costa Rican footballer
From 1976 
 1978  Erwin Koen, Dutch footballer
 1980  Javad Nekounam, Iranian footballer
 1980  Emre Belozoglu, Turkish footballer
 1980  Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer
 1981  Natalie McGarry, Scottish politician
 1983  Piri Weepu, New Zealand rugby player
 1983  Mehmet Topuz, Turkish footballer
 1984  Ben Hollingsworth, Canadian actor
 1984  Farveez Maharoof, Sri Lankan cricketer
 1984  Vera Zvonareva, Russian tennis player
 1985  Rafinha, Brazilian footballer
 1987  Evan Rachel Wood, American actress
 1987  Robert Snodgrass, Scottish footballer
 1988  Kevin Love, American basketball player
 1990  Tanja Kolbe, German ice dancer
 1990  Alex Harvey, Canadian cross-country skier
 1991  Jennifer Veal, English actress and comedienne
 1991  Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (d. 2010)
 1992  Kristina Vaculik, Canadian gymnast
 1994  Elinor Barker, Welsh cyclist
 1994  Kento Yamazaki, Japanese actor and model
 1995  Sahaj Grover, Indian chess player
 1999  Michelle Creber, Canadian actress, singer, and dancer
Up to 1900 
 251  Sima Yi, Chinese strategist, general and politician
 355  Claudius Silvanus, Roman usurper
 1134  King Alfonso I of Aragon
 1151  Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (b. 1113)
 1312  Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285)
 1464  Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1412)
 1496  King Ferdinand II of Naples (b. 1469)
 1539  Guru Nanak Dev, Indian religious leader, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469)
 1548  Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII of England
 1552  Guru Angad Dev, 2nd Sikh Guru (b. 1504)
 1573  Joanna of Austria, Regent of Spain (b. 1535)
 1632  Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia (b. 1572)
 1644  Guido Bentivoglio, Italian statesman (b. 1579)
 1657  Arvid Wittenberg, Swedish count, field marshal and privy councillor (b. 1606)
 1685  William Carpenter, English-American settler, co-founder of Rhode Island (b. 1605)
 1708  Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706)
 1731  Eudoxia Lopukhina, Russian wife of Peter the Great (b. 1669)
 1741  Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (b. 1689)
1783  Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
 1799  Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, French botanist (b. 1717)
 1809  Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, King of Thailand (b. 1737)
 1809  Caroline Schelling, German writer and translator (b. 1763)
 1833  Hannah More, English poet, playwright and philanthropist (b. 1745)
 1871  Kimenzan Tanigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1826)
 1881  Sidney Lanier, American poet and academic (b. 1842)
 1891  Lorenzo Sawyer, American lawyer and judge (b. 1820)
 1892  John Greenleaf Whittier, American poet (b. 1807)
 1893  Hamilton Fish, United States Secretary of State (b. 1808)
1901  1950 
 1902  Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau, Spanish writer and diplomat (b. 1842)
 1909  Eugene Lefebvre, French aviator (b. 1878)
 1910  William Holman Hunt, English painter (b. 1827)
 1920  Simon Napoleon Parent, 12th Premier of Quebec (b. 1855)
 1951  Maria Montez, Dominican actress (b. 1912)
 1953  Nobuyuki Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1875)
 1956  C. B. Fry, English cricketer, politician and academic (b. 1872)
 1959  Maurice Duplessis, Quebec politician (b. 1890)
 1960  Wilhelm Pieck, East German politician (b. 1876)
 1961  Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Dutch lawyer, jurist and politician (b. 1885)
 1962  Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese novelist (b. 1892)
 1962  Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian singer (b. 1895)
 1962  Karen Blixen, Danish writer (b. 1885)
 1969  Everett Dirksen, American politician (b. 1896)
 1978  Keith Moon, English drummer (The Who) (b. 1946)
 1989  Mikhail Goldstein, Soviet violinist and composer (b. 1917)
 1994  Dennis Morgan, American actor (b. 1908)
1994  Terence Young, American director and screenwriter (b. 1915)
 1998  Mobutu Sese Seko, leader of Zaire (b. 1930)
From 2001 
 2001  Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (b. 1930)
 2002  Erma Franklin, American singer (b. 1938)
 2004  Bob Boyd, American baseball player (b. 1925)
 2007  John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1925)
 2010  Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (b. 1991)
 2011  Victims of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash, including:
Pavol Demitra, Slovakian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
Stefan Liv, Polish-born Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1980)
Karel Rachunek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979)
Ruslan Salei, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
Karlis Skrastins, Latvian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
Jan Marek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979)
Brad McCrimmon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1959)
Robert Dietrich, German ice hockey player (b. 1986)
Sergei Ostapchuk, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1990)
Alexander Karpovtsev, Russian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1970)
Josef Vasicek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1980)
Igor Korolev, Russian-Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1970)
2012  Leszek Drogosz, Polish boxer and actor (b. 1933)
 2013  Marek Spilar, Slovakian footballer (b. 1975)
 2014  Kwon Ri-se, South Korean singer (b. 1991)
 2014  Fanny Godin, Belgian supercentenarian (b. 1902)
 2014  Raul M. Gonzalez, Filipino teacher and politician (b. 1930)
 2014  Don Keefer, American actor (b. 1916)
 2014  Harold Shipp, Canadian businessman (b. 1926)
 2014  Harry Evans, Australian public servant (b. 1946)
 2014  Elsa-Marianne von Rosen, Swedish ballet dancer, choreographer and actress (b. 1924)
 2015  Candida Royalle, American pornographic actress (b. 1950)
 2015  Susan Allen, American harpist (b. 1951)
 2017  Jeremiah Goodman, American illustrator (b. 1922)
 2017  Kim Ki-duk, South Korean film director and producer (b. 1934)
 2017  Gene Michael, American baseball player (b. 1938)
 2018  Samuel Bodman, American politician (b. 1938)
 2018  Mac Miller, American rapper (b. 1992)
 2018  Yang Side, Chinese general (b. 1921)
 2018  Kurt Helmudt, Danish rower (b. 1943)
2018  Ingemar Mundebo, Swedish politician (b. 1930)
 2018  Szarlota Pawel, Polish comic book artist (b. 1947)
 2019  Robert Axelrod, American actor (b. 1949)
 2019  Roger Boutry, French composer and conductor (b. 1932)
 2019  Al Carmichael, American football player and stuntman (b. 1928)
 2019  Naiyyum Choudhury, Bangladeshi biochemist (b. 1946)
 2019  Peter Nichols, British playwright (b. 1927)
 2019  Charlie Silvera, American baseball player (b. 1924)
 2019  John Wesley, American actor (b. 1947)
Observances 
 National Day of Brazil
 National Threatened Species Day (Australia)
 Victory Day (Mozambique)

September 07
1191 (MCXCI) was .

Events 
 May 12 – Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
 September 7 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf – Richard I of England fights against Saladin at Arsuf. Result of battle is inconclusive.
 The monks of Glastonbury Abbey announce that they have found the burial sites of King Arthur and his Queen Guinevere.
 The city of Berne was founded by the duke Berthold V of Zähringen

Births 
 February 8 – Yaroslav II of Russia (d. 1246)

Deaths 
 March 27 – Pope Clement III
 Shahab-ud-din Suhrawardi the Sufi saint and mystic was executed.

Miscellaneous 
This is the year the popular game for Xbox 360, Assassin's Creed, is set.
Events 
 May 30 – In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold.
 Hernando de Soto introduces Pigs into North America
 May – 6 Articles Statute of English Parliament, important in the English Reformation"
 September 4 – Henry VIII contracts to marry Anne of Cleves
 Lutheranism is forcefully introduced to Iceland, despite the opposition of Bishop Jon Aresson.
 The town of Shuya was founded

Births 
 November 1 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (died 1596)
 December 5 – Fausto Paolo Sozzini, theologian (died 1604)
 Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, Portuguese Jewish explorer (died 1590)
 Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (died 1603)
 Catherine Grey, Countess of Hertford (died 1568)
 Hasegawa Tohaku, Japanese painter (died 1610)
 Ikeda Katsumasa, Japanese military commander (died 1578)
 Laurence Tomson, Calvinist (died 1608)
Deaths 
 February 6 – John III, Duke of Cleves, born 3 August 1491
 March 12 – Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, diplomat, politician, and father of Anne Boleyn (born 1477)
 May 7 – Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism (born 1469)
 May 7 – Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian printer (born 1466)
 July 5 – St. Anthony Maria Zaccaria, founder of the Barnabite Order (born 1502)
 September 8 – John Stokesley, English prelate (born 1475)
 James Beaton, Scottish church leader
 Vannoccio Biringuccio, Italian metallurgist (born 1480)
 Hugh Cook Faringdon, Abbot of Reading
 George, Duke of Saxony (born 1471)
 Symeon Iwanowicz Trubczewski, governor of Kostroma
 Isabella d'Este, "First Lady of the Renaissance" (born 1474)
Up to 1900 
 70 - Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the second wall of Jerusalem. The Jewish defenders retreat to the first wall.
 1381 - Beginning of the Peasants' Revolt in England.
 1431 - In Rouen, Normandy, France, Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal.
 1510 - During the reign of Zhengde Emperor in China, Ming Dynasty leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Anhua rebellion.
 1536 - Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour.
 1539 – In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal of finding gold.
 1574 – Henry III becomes King of France.
 1588 – The last ship of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel.
 1635 - The Peace of Prague is signed during the Thirty Years' War.
 1806 – Andrew Jackson kills a man in a duel after the man had accused Jackson's wife of bigamy.
1814 – The First Treaty of Paris is signed returning French borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day.
 1815 - The East Indiaman ship Arniston is wrecked during a storm at Waenhuiskrans, near Cape Agulhas, present-day South Africa.
 1832 - The Rideau Canal in Eastern Ontario, Canada, is opened.
 1842 - John Francis attempts to kill Queen Victoria in London.
 1854 – The Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the US territories of Nebraska and Kansas.
 1868 – Memorial Day (then known as "Decoration Day") is observed in the United States for the first time (it was proclaimed on May 5 by General John Logan).
 1871 - The Paris Commune falls.
 1876 – Ottoman sultan Abd-ul-Aziz is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murat V.
 1879 – New York City's Gilmores Garden is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.
1883 – In New York City, a rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge is going to collapse causes a stampede which crushes twelve people.
 1898 - William Ramsay and Morris Williams Travers discover Krypton.
 1899 - Pearl Hart, a female outlaw in the Old West, robs a stage coach 30 miles southeast of Globe, Arizona.
1901  2000 
 1911 – At the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the first Indianapolis 500 ends with Ray Harroun becoming the first winner of the 500-mile auto race.
 1913 – First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war. Albania becomes an independent nation.
 1914 - Cunard ocean liner RMS Aquitania leaves Liverpool, England, on its first voyage, to New York City.
 1917 - Alexander I of Greece becomes King.
 1922 – In Washington, D.C., the Lincoln Memorial is dedicated.
 1925 - May Thirtieth Movement: Shanghai Municipal Police shoot and kill 13 protesting workers.
 1935 – Babe Ruth plays in his last baseball game, in the uniform of the Boston Braves.
 1937 - Memorial Day massacre: Chicago police shoot and kill 13 protesting workers.
 1941 – World War II: Germany captures Crete.
 1942 – World War II: 1000 British bombers launch a 90-minute attack on Cologne, Germany.
1948 – A dike along the flooding Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon within minutes. Fifteen people die and tens of thousands are left homeless.
 1958 – The bodies of several unidentified soldiers killed in action during World War II and the Korean War are buried at the Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington National Cemetery.
 1959 - Auckland Harbor Bridge in New Zealand is opened.
 1961 – Dominican dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo is assassinated.
 1962 - The 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile begins.
 1966 - NASA launches Surveyor 1 - the first US aircraft to land on a surface other than the Earth.
 1967 – At the Ascot Speedway in Gardena, California, daredevil Evel Knievel jumps his motorcycle over 16 cars lined-up in a row.
 1967 – The Nigerian state of Biafra secedes, sparking a civil war.
 1971 – Mariner programme: Mariner 9 is launched toward Mars.
 1972 – The Angry Brigade goes on trial over a series of 25 bombings throughout Britain.
1972 – Members of the Japanese Red Army carry out the Lod Airport Massacre, killing 24 people and injuring 78 others.
 1974 - The Airbus A300 passenger aircraft first enters service.
 1975 - The European Space Agency is founded.
 1981 – Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman is assassinated.
 1982 – Spain becomes the 16th member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the first nation to enter the alliance since West Germany's admission in 1955.
 1982 - Baseball player Cal Ripken, Jr. plays the first of 2,632 consecutive games. His streak will end on September 20, 1998.
 1989 – Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: The 33-foot high "Goddess of Democracy" statue is unveiled in Tiananmen Square by student demonstrators.
 1992 - ARTE, a joint German and French television channel, is broadcast for the first time.
 1995 - Bulgaria agrees a deal with the International Monetary Fund to avoid bankruptcy.
 1998 - Pakistan conducts an underground nuclear test in the Kharan Desert.
From 2001 
 2003 – The final flight of an Air France Concorde takes place.
 2003 - The movie Finding Nemo is released in American cinemas.
 2005 - The Allianz Arena in Munich opens.
 2005 - Angela Merkel is nominated by the CDU/CSU as a candidate for Chancellor of Germany.
 2012 - Former President of Liberia Charles Taylor is sentenced to prison for his role in crimes committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War.
 2016 - A court in Senegal sentences former President of Chad Hissène Habré to life in prison for crimes against humanity, committed during his time in office from 1982 to 1990. It is the first time an African Union-backed court convicts a former ruler of another country within its jurisdiction.

Births
Up to 1900 
 1010 – Emperor Renzong of China (d. 1063)
 1220 - Alexander Nevsky, Russian saint (d. 1263)
 1423 - Georg von Peuerbach, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1461)
 1623 – John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (d. 1686)
 1653 - Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1676)
 1672 – Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia (d. 1725) (June 9 in Gregorian calendar)
 1757 - Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1844)
 1778 - Richard Skinner, American politician, 9th Governor of Vermont (d. 1833)
 1814 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)
 1814 - Pierre Charles Catalan, Belgian-French mathematician (d. 1894)
 1820 - Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, 1st Premier of Quebec (d. 1890)
 1845 – Amadeo I of Spain (d. 1890)
 1846 – Peter Carl Fabergé, Russian goldsmith and jeweller (d. 1920)
 1859 - Pierre Janet, French psychologist and neurologist (d. 1947)
 1862 - Mirza Abakbar Sabir, Azerbaijani philosopher and poet (d. 1811)
1875 - Giovanni Gentile, Italian philosopher (d. 1944)
 1878 - Raymond Smith Dugan, American astronomer (d. 1940)
 1878 - Mike Donlin, American baseball player and actor (d. 1933)
 1879 - Vanessa Bell, English painter and interior designer (d. 1961)
 1879 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer (d. 1917)
 1882 - Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (d. 1915)
 1886 - Randolph Bourne, American theorist (d. 1918)
 1887 - Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian sculptor (d. 1964)
 1890 - Roger Salengro, French politician (d. 1936)
 1894 - Hubertus van Mook, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1965)
 1895 – Maurice Tate, English cricketer (d. 1956)
 1896 – Howard Hawks, American movie director (d. 1977)
 1897 - Frank Wise, Australian politician, 16th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1986)
 1899 – Irving Thalberg, American movie producer (d. 1936)
1901  1950 
 1901 – Cornelia Otis Skinner, Broadway producer, writer, director, and actress (d. 1979)
 1902 – Stepin Fetchit, American dancer and actor (d. 1985)
 1907 – Elly Beinhorn, German pilot (d. 2007)
 1907 - Germaine Tillion, French anthropologist (d. 2008)
 1907 - Sao San Tun, Burmese martyr (d. 1947)
 1908 – Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize winner (d. 1995)
 1908 – Mel Blanc, American voice actor (d. 1989)
 1909 – Benny Goodman, American clarinet player and bandleader (d. 1986)
 1910 – Inge Meysel, German actress (b. 2004)
 1910 – Ralph Metcalfe, American athlete and politician (d. 1978)
 1912 – Julius Axelrod, American biochemist (d. 2004)
 1912 – Hugh Griffith, Welsh actor (d. 1980)
 1912 – Erich Bagge, German physicist
 1914 - Akinoumi Setsuo, Japanese-American director and producer (d. 1979)
 1919 – René Barrientos, President of Bolivia (d. 1969)
 1920 – Franklin Schaffner, American movie director (d. 1989)
 1920 – Godfrey Binaisa, 5th President of Uganda (d. 2010)
1922 – Hal Clement, American science fiction writer (d. 2003)
 1923 - Anna Proclemer, Italian actress (d. 2013)
 1924 - Armando Peraza, Cuban-American drummer (d. 2014)
 1925 - John Cocke, American computer scientist (d. 2002)
 1926 - Johnny Gimble, American singer-songwriter and fiddler (d. 2015)
 1926 – Christine Jorgensen, American transsexual activist (d. 1989)
 1927 - Clint Walker, American actor (d. 2018)
 1928 – Pro Hart, Australian artist (d. 2006)
 1928 - Gustav Leonhardt, Dutch musicologist and conductor (d. 2012)
 1928 - Agnes Varda, Belgian-French director, producer and screenwriter
 1930 - Dave McKenna, American jazz pianist (d. 2008)
 1932 - Ivor Richard, Baron Richard, Welsh politician and diplomat, former UK Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2018)
 1932 - Solomon W. Golomb, American mathematician (d. 2016)
 1934 – Alexey Leonov, Soviet cosmonaut and first person to walk in space
 1937 - Deanna Lund, American actress (d. 2018)
 1937 - Armando Valladares, Cuban-American writer
1939 – Michael J. Pollard, American actor
 1939 - Tim Waterstone, British bookseller and businessman (Waterstones)
 1940 - Gilles Villemure, Canadian ice hockey player
 1942 - Carole Stone, British radio producer, journalist and businesswoman
 1943 – James Chaney, American civil rights activist (d. 1964)
 1943 – Gale Sayers, American football player
 1944 - Lenny Davidson, British guitarist
 1947 - Erik Spiekermann, German typographer and designer 
 1949 - P. J. Carlesimo, American basketball player and coach
 1949 - Bob Willis, English cricketer
 1950 - Bertrand Delanoe, French politician, former Mayor of Paris
1951  1975 
 1951 – Fernando Lugo, former President of Paraguay
 1953 – Colm Meaney, Irish actor (Star Trek: The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine)
 1955 – Topper Headon, British musician, drummer with The Clash
 1955 - Colm Toibin, Irish writer
 1955 - Brian Kobilka, American biochemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner
 1958 - Marie Fredriksson, Swedish singer-songwriter and pianist (Roxette)
 1958 - Michael Lopez Alegria, Spanish-American captain, pilot and astronaut
 1958 - Ted McGinley, American actor
 1959 - Phil Brown, English footballer and coach
 1960 - Stephen Duffy, English singer
 1961 - Harry Enfield, English actor, screenwriter and director
 1962 - Kevin Eastman, American writer and illustrator, co-created Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
 1963 - Tracey Childs, British actress
 1963 - Helen Sharman, British chemist and astronaut
 1963 - Shauna Grant, American pornographic actress and model (d. 1984)
 1964 – Wynonna Judd, American country music singer