Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Craig Gruber (June 22, 1951 – May 5, 2015) was an American rock bassist and musician. He was best known as the original bassist in the English band Rainbow. He also played in Elf with vocalist Ronnie James Dio, keyboardist Mickey Lee Soule, drummer Gary Driscoll and guitarist David Feinstein.

Gruber died from prostate cancer on May 5, 2015 in Florida, aged 63.

References

1951 births
2015 deaths
American bass guitarists
American rock musicians
Cancer deaths in Florida
Deaths from prostate cancer
The Young Europeans Literary Award started in 2008.  Its goal is to promote European culture. The European Union National Institutes for Culture organises it. Each year 26 books are short listed, one book from each member of the European Union.

Selected books for 2016

Organisations that help 
 Goethe-Institut
 Instituto Camões
 Instituto Cervantès
 Instituto italiano 
 British Council
 Maison de l’Europe et des Européens

Awards given already
 2009 - The Nubian Princess by Juan Bonilla, a Spanish author.
 2014 - Le blues du braqueur de banque by Flemming Jensen
 2015 -  Maurice and Mahmoud by Flemming Jensen.

References

Other websites 
 Site officiel
 BBA INSEEC 
 Page Youtube officielle PLJE

Literary awards
Dufferin County is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Orangeville. The county covers 1,486.31 square kilometers (573.87 square miles) and its population in 2011 is 56,881.

Dufferin County was formed in 1881 from parts of Grey County, Simcoe County, and Wellington County, Ontario. It was named after Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, who was the Governor General of Canada from 1872 to 1878.

The county has four towns:
 Grand Valley
 Mono
 Orangeville
 Shelburne
It also has four townships:
 Amaranth
 East Garafraxa
 Melancthon
 Mulmur

Counties of Ontario
Haliburton County is a county in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Minden Hills. It was named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, who helped bring settlers into the area. The county covers an area of 4,071.86 square kilometers (1,572.15 square miles) and has a population of 17,026, according to the 2011 census.

There are two townships in Haliburton: Algonquin Highlands and Minden Hills. It also has two municipalities: Dysart et al and Highlands East.

The county is a popular place for toruism, because there are so many lakes and rivers in the county for activities such as fishing and camping. Some of the popular places for tourists to visit are Boshkung Lake, Haliburton Lake, and Kawagama Lake, which is the largest lake in the county.

Counties of Ontario
Dysart et al, is the Corporation of the United Townships of Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford, Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde. Dysart et al is a municipality in Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. With 68 letters, it is the longest name of any place in Canada. According to the Canada 2011 Census, it had a population of 5,966.

References

Other websites 
 Municipality of Dysart et al

Settlements in Ontario
David Dejiro Defiagbon (12 June 1970 – 24 November 2018) was a Nigerian-Canadian boxer. He competed for Canada at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

History
Defiagbon competed at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand. He won gold after defeating Greg Johnson. He fought for Nigeria at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He was defeated in the first round of the light middleweight division by Raúl Márquez 7 to 8.

At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, Defiagbon competed for Canada and was able to win a silver medal after he defeated Nate Jones. He was defeated by Félix Savón.

Defiagbon died of a heart attack in Las Vegas, Nevada on 28 November 2018 at the age of 48.

References

Other websites
Canadian Olympic team profile

1970 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
1992 Summer Olympics
1996 Summer Olympics
Canadian boxers
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Nigerian sportspeople
Myxophaga is a small suborder of beetles. There are about  65 species of tiny beetles in four families. 

They are aquatic or semi-aquatic, and feed on algae.

Other websites

Beetles
Archostemata is the smallest suborder of beetles. There are less than fifty known species.

Archostemata is an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics.  They are similar to the first beetles, which appear in the fossil record about 250 million years ago. The suborder contains the only paedogenic beetles, Micromalthus debilis.

These beetles are rare. Fossil deposits from the Permian suggest that Archostemata were once much more common and were widespread over the globe. The species which remain are just scattered vestiges of their former population.

"Abundant cladistic and fossil evidence shows the Archostematans are the basal suborder of [true] beetles",

References 

 White, Richard E. 1983. A field guide to beetles of North America. Houghton Mifflin.

Other websites

 Tree of Life - Archostemata 

Beetles
The Protocoleoptera are the earliest beetles in the fossil record.
"The oldest stem-group coleopterid is early Permian, 280 mya (million years ago)... true Coleoptera did not appear until the Triassic 230mya".

Interpreting the early fossil record of beetles has been difficult because their forewings are modified as elytra. So no wing veins are visible. Wing veins are the main way insect specialists classify insects.

References

Other sources 
 Arnol'di L.V. et al 1977. Mesozoic Coleoptera. transl. 1991. Simthsonian Inst. Libraries & U.S. National Science Foundation, Washington D.C.
 Crowson R.A. 1981. The biology of the Coleoptera. London: Academic Press.
 Ponomarenko A.C. 2003. Ecological evolution of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (suppl.) 316–328.

Beetles
Mark Leduc (May 4, 1962 – July 22, 2009) was a Canadian boxer. He competed for Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Career
Leduc began his training in the East End of Toronto. His parents divorced when he was 15 and he had to live on the streets. Leduc was arrested for robbing a jewellery store at gunpoint and he was sentenced to spend six years at the Collins Bay Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario. He was released from prison after serving 3 years.

At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, Leduc competed for Canada and was able to win a silver medal. He defeated Leonard Doroftei 13-6 and was defeated by Héctor Vinent 1-11. In 1992, he turned pro and he had limited success. He recorded a record of 4-1-0 after losing to Michel Galarneau and retired.
In 1993, Leduc spoke on CBC Radio's documentary "The Last Closet" about being a gay athlete. He was not ready to come out yet and he spoke anonymously and through a voice filter. He officially came out as gay on the TV documentary For the Love of the Game in 1994.

On July 22, 2009, Leduc collapsed in the sauna of a local hotel in Toronto and died. Doctors said that he may have died due to heat stroke.

References

Other websites
Canadian Olympic team profile

1962 births
2009 deaths
Canadian boxers
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Gay men
LGBT Olympians
Sportspeople from Toronto
Milton is a hamlet in Stirling, Scotland near the bigger village Aberfoyle. It was named after a mill that is no longer used. The mill has a cast iron millwheel from 1667.

References

Other websites

Canmore - Forth House, Milton, Aberfoyle site record 
Canmore - Milton, Jean Macalpine's Inn site record 

Hamlets in Scotland
"Everybody's Fool" is the fourth and last single off American rock band Evanescence's first studio album Fallen. The song was released in April 19, 2004. The song was written five years before the album was released. Amy Lee said that the song is about celebrities that have false images. Lee said in an interview: "My little sister was really getting into these, I don't want to offend anyone, but like really fake, cheesy, slutty female cracker-box idols, and it really pissed me off. She started dressing like them and she was like 8 years old. So I gave her the talk and I wrote a song." She also later revealed that it was written for pop singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera saying, "At this point, everybody knows that Britney is fake. The song is not about Britney Spears; it's about a lot of people in this industry. It's so fake, the whole Hollywood thing. 'Look at how perfect I am!' Nobody looks like that. It's all fake and it's really hurting a lot of girls' and women's self images
. Where are all the normal people?".
On the Billboard charts, "Everybody's Fool" was able to peak at #36 on Alternative Songs chart.

Music video
The music video for "Everybody's Fool" was directed by Philipp Stölzl and filmed in Los Angeles, California in 5-7 April 2004. The video features Lee in different characters, including a wholesome teenager, a biker chick, a pop idol, and a glamorous spokesmodel. Talking about the filming, Lee said: "There's this one scene with everybody on motorbikes that every time I see it I just crack up. It's the slow-mo scene where I take off the helmet and swoosh my hair and look at the camera, and it kills me. It's so hilarious, it's ridiculous. [...] It's a really different thing for us to do because it's not performance at all. Everybody was laughing at me the whole time. I was just like, 'Please don't laugh at me. Just give me five minutes so I can do this.
In a Japanese-style ad with both Japanese and English lyrics, she plays a doll with pink hair in another ad. Every scene ends with Lee crying. During the chorus, two girls in the elevator laugh at the model's appearance, claiming that she looks much older than they thought. In the next scene, she is shown in the bathtub singing a song to herself. Another segment shows him breaking a mirror with his hand due to the immense anguish that begins to bleed uncontrollably. In the final scene, he is standing on the building's balcony crying and screaming as he sees a huge billboard with one of his advertisements saying that "You're not real so you can't save me" and that the audience is unaware of how he really lives.The message of the video is in the name of the products her character advertises, "Lies". Lee conceptualized the video around the lyrics to the song. She said the video is "more along the lines of exposing the real behind-the-scenes [lives] of some of these people
. It's basically showing the glamorous lifestyle and the depressed, selfish misery behind it." She added that the topic was "like beating a dead horse at this point, but at the time [of writing the song] Britney Spears was just coming out. But I still think it's relevant. Lee said a lot of scenes were cut from the video by music-video stations, including a pill-popping scene, and she was happy that at least "the blood stayed in".
Joe D'Angelo of MTV News wrote that the video "comments on the correlation between a phony facade and corroded self-esteem." The scenes end with Lee "contemplating her deeds on the verge of tears", and she "realizes that besides the products, her advertisements were also selling negative self-images". The Montreal Gazette's Jordan Zivitz said it is "both an effective statement on impossible ideals of beauty (scenes in which the haggard singer rages in a dingy apartment are contrasted with fake commercials in which she's made up to the nines), and a great satire on picture-perfect videos", while Lee's portrayal has "a ring of truth to it" as she "doesn't have much love for the widely embraced model of human perfection.

References

Other websites
"Everybody's Fool" on YouTube

2004 songs
Evanescence songs
The Lokiarchaeota are a proposed phylum of the Archaea. It was proposed in 2015 after the composite genome of Lokiarchaeum was sequenced.

The genome 
The Lokiarchaeum genome has 5,381 protein coding genes. Of these, about 32% do not correspond to any known protein. 26% closely resemble archeal proteins, and 29% correspond to bacterial proteins. This is consistent with previous research which suggests significant gene transfer between bacteria and Archaea. 

A small, but significant portion of the proteins (175, 3.3%) were most similar to eukaryotic proteins. Analysis suggested the genes in question had their origin at the base of the eukaryotic clades. In eukaryotes, the function of these proteins include cell membrane and cell shape formation, and a dynamic protein cytoskeleton.
Another shared protein, actin, is used in phagocytosis by eukaryotes. Phagocytosis is the ability to engulf and consume another particle. This ability is required for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. Cells with mitochondria is one of the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In a widely accepted theory, mitochondria began as bacteria and were gradually incorporated into eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts had a similar origin.

References 

Archaeans
Brian Charles John Sedgemore (17 March 1937 – 5 May 2015) was a Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1974 until 1979, and from 1983 until 2005. He defected to the Liberal Democrats shortly before he stood down at the 2005 general election.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls

Labour Party (UK) MPs
Samuel Taliaferro "Sam" Rayburn (January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961) was an American politician. He served as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1940 through 1947, again from 1949 through 1953, and again from 1955 through 1961.

He died of cancer at the age of 79 and is buried at Willow Wild Cemetery.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Obituary, NY Times, November 16, 1961, Rayburn Is Dead; Served 17 Years As House Speaker
 The leadership of Speaker Sam Rayburn published 1961, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
 "Mister Speaker", Time Magazine, September 27, 1943 
 RAYBURN: MR. SPEAKER (A feature length documentary about Sam Rayburn's life and career)
 The Friends of Sam Rayburn Website 
 Sam Rayburn House Museum Website
 Address Delivered by The Honorable Sam Rayburn at the Dedication of the Marker over the Graves of His Great-Great Grandfather Col. George Waller and his wife Ann Winston Carr, Oakwood Cemetery, Martinsville, Virginia, May 6, 1951
 Associated Press, August 16, 2014 - Letter provides peek at personal Sam Rayburn
1882 births
1961 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Deans of the United States House of Representatives
United States representatives from Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Tennessee
20th-century American politicians
Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Minority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Luiz Henrique da Silveira (February 25, 1940 – May 10, 2015) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He represented Santa Catarina in the Federal Senate since 2011. He was governor of Santa Catarina from 2003 to 2006 and 2007 to 2010. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.

da Silveira died in Joinville, Santa Catarina from a heart attack, aged 75.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian lawyers
Ragne Tangen (12 March 1927 – 9 May 2015) was a Norwegian children's television presenter. Her career began in 1958. She then made the first children's television program in Norway, I kosekroken.

Tangen died on 9 May 2015 at the age of 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Norwegian actors
Norwegian television personalities
Nathalia Elisa Timberg (born August 5, 1929 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress. She is one of the most well known and longest active Brazilian actresses of cinema, theater and television. She is known for her roles in Brazilian telenovelas (soap operas) such as in Celebridade, Força de um Desejo, and in Páginas da Vida.

References

Other websites

1929 births
Living people
Brazilian stage actors
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Actors from Rio de Janeiro
Brazilian Jews
Ninad Gangadhar Bedekar (17 August 1949 – 10 May 2015) was an Indian historian, writer and orator. He was from Pune, Maharashtra, India. He wrote many books and also wrote scripts from television shows such as Son et lumière show and for the television serial Peshwai.

References

1949 births
2015 deaths
Indian writers
Indian historians
People from Pune
Marathi people
Mark Edward Fischbach (born June 28, 1989), known by his YouTube username Markiplier, is an American internet personality, video game commentator and charity fundraiser.

Early life
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Fischbach began his career in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father, Cliffton M. Fischbach, was of German descent, while his mother is Korean. He studied Civil Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, later changing his degree to Biomedical Engineering. He later left college and started his YouTube career.

Career
Fischbach moved to Los Angeles, California in 2014, wanting to be closer to the YouTube scene.

, his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers, and is currently the 36th most-subscribed channel on YouTube.

Fischbach plays in Let's Play videos, commonly of survival horror video games.

In 2017, Fischbach began his first improv tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour", which spanned from North America to Europe and Australia.
Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. Forbes reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams. In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.

Unus Annus
On November 15, 2019, Fischbach created a new channel with YouTuber Ethan Nestor (known online as CrankGameplays) called Unus Annus, a channel which planned to upload a video every day for one year, after which the channel would be deleted along with its videos. The channel had 1 million subscribers in its first 5 days and 4.56 million in its last few minutes. The channel was deleted on November 14, 2020. The channel was meant to remind viewers about life and death and how quickly both can come and go.

Podcasts
Fischbach, along with Wade Barnes (LordMinion777) and Bob Muyskens (Muyskerm) has streamed a podcast on Twitch called 3 Peens in a Podcast since 2018.
In 2019, Fischbach co-produced and starred in Edge of Sleep, an audio drama released on iTunes.

In May 2021, Fischbach announced that he, Barnes, and Muyskens would be starting a podcast called Distractible.

OnlyFans
Fischbach created an OnlyFans account where any money he would get from subscribers would be split evenly between the Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the World Food Programme. He promised to post "tasteful nudes" on his Only Fans account. He officially created the account on December 9, 2022, and the increase of people going to the website caused the site to crash on the same day.

Philanthropy works

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 
 

1989 births
Living people
Philanthropists from Ohio
American YouTubers
American Internet celebrities
Entertainers from Hawaii
Entertainers from Los Angeles
Entertainers from Ohio
Twitch (service) streamers
Podcasters
People from Cincinnati
National Airlines (1934–1980) was an airline of the United States. It began in 1934. The airline was known for its coast-to coast flights between Miami, Los Angeles and New York City. Pan American World Airways bought National in 1979.

History 
The airline was founded in Jacksonville, Florida by George T. Baker. During its first few years, it mostly flew between Florida and the southern US. It began service to Havana, Cuba in 1946 and it stopped in 1961 because of the Cuban embargo. In the 1970s National started flying to cities in Europe like, Amsterdam and London. Pan American World Airways completed it's merger process with National in January 1980.

References 

Airlines of the United States
Companies based in Miami
1934 establishments in the United States
1980 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Royal Jordanian Airlines, formerly known as Alia Royal Jordanian Airlines, is the main airline of Jordan with its head office in the capital, Amman. The airline operates scheduled international services over four continents from its main base at Queen Alia International Airport, with over 500 flights per week and at least 110 per day. It joined the Oneworld airline alliance in 2007.

History 
The airline was established on 9 December 1963 and started operations on 15 December 1963 after a royal decree by the late King Hussein. It was named Alia (or Aalya) after King Hussein's eldest child, Princess Alia bint Al Hussein of Jordan (born on 13 February 1956). It is a common misconception that the airline was named after the King's third wife, Queen Alia, whom King Hussein did not marry until 1972.
In 1970, Alia got rid of the F27s and got Boeing 707 aircraft. Alia began flights to Frankfurt and Abu Dhabi. The 707s were delivered in 1971. In that year, flights began to Madrid, Copenhagen and Karachi. During the rest of the decade, Boeing 727s and Boeing 747s were added to the fleet. A catering department was established, and duty-free shops were opened at Amman airport. Services were added to destinations including Bahrain, Dubai, Muscat, Rabat, Geneva, Amsterdam, Baghdad, Bangkok, Vienna, Damascus, New York City, Houston, and Ras al-Khaimah.

In the 1980s, Tunis and Tripoli joined the route map, and Alia's IBM computer center was completed. Lockheed L-1011 Tristars, Airbus A310s and Airbus A320s joined the fleet. In 1986, Alia changed its name to Royal Jordanian. In November 1997, Royal Jordanian became a code-sharing partner with the US carrier Trans World Airlines and moved operations into the TWA Flight Center (Terminal 5) at the John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York.
The first of Royal Jordanian's Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft (267-seat, two-class configuration) entered service in September 2014, initially linking Amman with Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The 787 Dreamliner is Royal Jordanian's first Boeing aircraft since the 707s and 747s, and replaced the Airbus A340-200s which had nearly reached the end of their lives. The Dreamliners have also replaced the Airbus A330-200s as leases on those aircraft had expired. The Dreamliners are generally used on Royal Jordanian's Far East destinations and to London and North America.

Destinations

Codeshare agreements 
Royal Jordanian codeshares with the following airlines:

 American Airlines
 British Airways
 Etihad Airways
 Gulf Air
 ITA Airways
 Malaysia Airlines
 Middle East Airlines
 Oman Air
 Qatar Airways
 Royal Air Maroc
 TAROM
 Turkish Airlines
 Sky Express (Greece)

Fleet

Current fleet 
As of September 2020, the Royal Jordanian fleet consists of the following aircraft:
Former fleet 
Royal Jordanian previously operated the following aircraft types:

Livery 
From 1963 to 1986, the original livery of Royal Jordanian Airlines consisted of a white fuselage with both red and gold cheatlines.

In December 1986, the airline changed its name from Alia Royal Jordanian Airlines to simply Royal Jordanian Airlines, which coincided the arrival of Airbus A310 and Airbus A320 airliners. The new livery consisted of a charcoal grey fuselage with the same red and gold cheatlines, similar to the earlier version. The tail consists of a golden crown with a red tip on the charcoal grey coloured aircraft tail.

Special color schemes
Until 2009, Royal Jordanian had never had an aircraft painted in a special colour scheme. It announced at the 10th birthday celebrations in February 2009 of the airline alliance Oneworld that it would paint its new A319 due for delivery in late March in a special scheme, which would be based around the Oneworld name and logo. The aircraft, registration JY-AYP, has its fuselage painted white, with the tailfin and engines in normal Royal Jordanian colors. "A member of Oneworld" in prominent lettering is located at the front of the aircraft, with the usual title "Royal Jordanian" further back.

In October 2021, Royal Jordanian unveiled "Discover Petra" special livery on one of its Boeing 787 Dreamliners, registered JY-BAH.

A month later, in November 2021, the airline revealed an Airbus A321, JY-AYV, in its retro "Alia" livery. The aircraft's first flight in the new paint scheme was to London Heathrow.

Gallery

References

1963 establishments in Asia
Airlines of the Middle East
Companies of Jordan
Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport or Guadalajara International Airport, is an airport in Guadalajara, Mexico. It opened in 1966.

Airlines
These are the airlines that go to Guadalajara Airport:
Aeromar
Aeroméxico (hub)
Alaska Airlines
American Airlines
Copa Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Delta Connection
Interjet
Magnicharters
TAR
United Airlines
United Express
VivaAerobus (hub)
Volaris (hub)

References

Guadalajara
Airports in North America
Transport in Mexico
1966 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Mexico
Glenview is a village in northeastern Illinois, USA. It is about  north of downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois. According to the 2020 United States Census, the village population was 48,705.

History
The village was named by a popular vote in 1895.  It was incorporated as a village in 1899.  There were 325 adults in Glenview that year.

For many years, it was home to the Naval Air Station Glenview, until the station was closed down and converted to a prairie park, a lake, and residential and commercial properties in the early 1990s.

Population
The median age in 2020 was 46.3.  There were  25,578 (52.5%) women, and 23,127 (47.5%) men.  There were 17,855 households.

Climate
Glenview has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa). The summers are generally wetter than the winters:

The highest recorded temperature was  in June 1988; the lowest recorded temperature was  in January 1982.

References
References

1895 establishments in the United States
Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
1890s establishments in Illinois
Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction has been defined in different ways. It may be as simple as the feeling of satisfaction with a job. If a person likes their job, they feel job satisfaction. When an employee performs their work well, they feel a sense of job satisfaction. If a worker has good relationships with their boss and their coworkers, they feel job satisfaction. Psychologists who study the behavior of industries and organizations also look at job satisfaction in different ways.

History
Assessments of job satisfaction became commonplace in the 1930s. In 1934, R.S. Uhrbrock was one of the first psychologists to use new techniques to assess factory worker attitudes. In 1935, R. Hoppock published a study of 500 teachers on how satisfied they were with their jobs. This study found that job satisfaction is affected by the work, the coworkers, and the managers. Before the 1930s, not many job satisfaction studies were published.

Factors
Factors

Environmental factors
Many factors influence job satisfaction. Some factors are environmental. They are particular to a situation. They come from the work and the workplace. 

In 1976, Edwin A. Locke wrote about the factors that lead to satisfaction or dissatisfaction at work. Although this list was written in the 20th century, many factors are the same in the 21st century also. 
Work is challenging. The employee is able to do the work. Tasks are at or slightly above his abilities, not below.
Work is not overly physically demanding. Tiring work is frustrating.
Work is interesting, not boring.   
Work is rewarding. Employees receive awards, praise, and encouragement.
Workers have common objectives. Managers and employees work together toward shared goals.
The organization supports its employees. There are policies and processes that help employees achieve their goals.
There are pay supplements, non-monetary rewards, or bonuses that are not money, for example, travel and other perks.
A 2013 study surveyed 2.5 million employees in the United States. According to the study, the most important factors for job satisfaction are:
 fairness, safety, respect, and confidence in the leadership;
 cooperation and collaboration with colleagues;
 achievement, recognition, and pride.
If a job has all of these factors, people feel more satisfied and loyal to the company.

Personal factors

Some factors in job satisfaction are personal or individual. Each person is affected in their own unique way. 

Moods and emotions at work are related to job satisfaction. Positive and negative emotions are related to overall job satisfaction.

Genetics play a role in job satisfaction. One scientific experiment studied twins who were raised apart. Researchers measured the influence of genetics on the twins' job satisfaction. The study found that 70% of job satisfaction comes from the environment and 30% comes from genetic factors.
Some research shows a connection between personality and job satisfaction. Employees who do not feel alienated, or left out, have more job satisfaction. Employees who feel in control of their situation also have more job satisfaction. They show more involvement in their job and more commitment to the company.

Psychological well-being (PWB) is how well a person's mind functions overall. It involves every part of a person's life: work, family, community, etc. PWB in the workplace plays an important role in determining job satisfaction and has attracted much research attention in recent years. These studies focused on the effects of PWB on job satisfaction and job performance.  Research published in 2000 showed a strong connection between PWB and job satisfaction. A second study by the same authors in 2007 had similar results. These studies showed that PWB predicts job performance better than job satisfaction does.
Measuring
Researchers have various ways to measure job satisfaction. The Job Descriptive Index measures job satisfaction in 5 ways: pay, promotions, coworkers, bosses, and the work itself. The survey is simple. People answer yes, no, or ‘?’. There are other job satisfaction surveys, for example, the Job Satisfaction Survey and the Faces Scale. The Job Satisfaction Survey asks 36 questions about 9 factors in job satisfaction. The Faces Scale asks only one question. People answer by choosing a face.

Related pages
Motivation
Quality of working life
Work-life balance

References

Psychology
Human behavior
Frank DiPascali, Jr. (October 28, 1956 – May 7, 2015) was an American financer who was the finance chief for Bernard Madoff. On August 11, 2009, he pled guilty to ten counts related to the Madoff investment scandal, a Ponzi scheme.

DiPascali was born in Queens, New York. He was of Italian ancestry. He died from lung cancer, aged 58.

References

2015 deaths
1956 births
American fraudsters
Businesspeople from New York City
Cancer deaths in New York City
Criminals from New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Queens
Wilberfoss is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.  It is on the north side of the A1079 about  east of York city centre. It is   northwest of Market Weighton. According to the 2011 census, 1,866 people live in Wilberfoss parish. That is 11 more than were living there ten years earlier.

References

Villages in England
Civil parishes in England
Settlements in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Kim Kyok-sik (; 5 October 1938 – 10 May 2015) was a North Korean general and politician. From November 2012 until May 2013, he was the Defence Minister of North Korea. He was thought to have been behind two attacks on South Korea that killed 50 people in 2010.

Kim died from acute respiratory failure on 10 May 2015, aged 76.

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
North Korean generals
North Korean politicians
The Pale Emperor is the ninth studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. The Pale Emperor was released on January 15, 2015 through Hell, etc.. Manson dedicated the album to his late mother, Barbara Warner, who died on May 13, 2014 after an eight-year battle with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

The album peaked at #8 on the Billboard 200, #6 on the Top Album Sales, #3 on the Top Rock Albums, #3 on the Top Alternative Albums, and at #1 on the Top Hard Rock Albums.

Songs

References

Other websites

Marilyn Manson albums
The tube-dwelling anemones (Ceriantharia) are a subclass of the Anthozoa. They resemble sea anemones. Sea anemones have a base plate, tube-dwelling anemones do not. 

Most tube-dwelling anemones reproduce sexually.  About 100 species have been described; most live in a depth of less than . Unlike sea anemones, tube-dwelling anemones live in soft sediments. The name "tube-dwelling anemone" comes from the fact that these animals build a tube out of the sandy sediments. In the case of danger, they retract into the tube.  

Cnidarians
Excise stamps of Russia are a kind of Russian revenue stamps. They were issued according to the governmental order of the Russian Federation. On 14 April 1994 they adopted resolution number 319 "Introduction of excise stamps in the Russian Federation". Certain goods produced in Russia or imported to the territory of Russia are subject to excise tax including:
 vodka,
 alcohol,
 wine,
 tobacco and tobacco products.

Selling of goods subject to this law without affixing excise stamps is prohibited in the territory of Russia since 1 January 1995.

The law was amended by later decrees of the Russian Government.

Related pages 
 Customs
 Excise stamps of Ukraine
 Stamp Act
 Tax

References 

Taxation
Customs services
Philately of Russia
Excise stamps of Ukraine are a kind of Ukrainian revenue stamps to collect excise tax. They are used in accordance with the Ukraine's presidential decree of 18 September 1995 "On approval of the excise duty on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products".

On 24 October 1996, there was another decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, "On approval of the production, storage and sale of excise stamps and marking of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, and the sale or destruction of the confiscated alcoholic beverages and tobacco products". It introduced excise stamps into circulation in Ukraine.

The law was amended by later decrees of the Ukrainian Government.

Related pages 
 Customs 
 Excise stamps of Russia
 Stamp Act
 Tax

References 

Ukrainian culture
Taxation
Customs services
Philately
1995 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Ukraine
University of the People (UoPeople) is a non-profit, accredited online institution of higher education in Pasadena, California, United States. It currently offers academic degrees in business administration and computer science.

Mission and history 

The mission of the school is to offer any qualified student affordable and quality educational programs. 

The school was founded by Shai Reshef in January 2009. It partners with institutions such as New York University and Yale University. It has received grants from Google, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard.

Cost 
Students pay a registration fee of $60. They do not pay annual tuition fees. Instead, they pay $100 each time they take an examination. One does not have to buy books.  Open source online textbooks can be used.

To complete an associate degree (A.S.), a student must take 20 exams. 40 exams are needed for a bachelor's degree. This costs a total of $2,000 and $4,000 respectively. Students who cannot afford to pay can apply for scholarships.
Staff 
 Torsten Wiesel

References 

Pasadena, California
Colleges and universities in California
2009 establishments in California
Scleractinia, also called stony corals or hard corals, an order in the Cnidaria. It contains the polyps which build most coral reefs. 

Most of these corals are colonial. They secrete calcium carbonate, the base of every reef. Very often, the corals form a symbiosis with unicellular dinoflagellates. These zooxanthellae are usually of the genus Symbiodinium. 

The closest relatives to stony corals are the sea anemones. Stony corals are only distantly related to fire corals and soft corals. There are about 1500 species, in 35 families.

References 

Cnidarians
Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev or Heydar Aliyev (, ; 10 May 1923 – 12 December 2003), also spelled Heidar Aliev or Haidar Aliev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from October 1993 to October 2003. His son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.

From 1969 to 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, effectively dominating the political life of Azerbaijan for many years.

References

Other websites

Official website 
Official website Heydar Aliyev Foundation
Envisioning the Nation - Interview: Azerbaijan's President, Heydar Aliyev

1923 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Ohio
Presidents of Azerbaijan
New Azerbaijan Party politicians
Azerbaijan Communist Party (1920) politicians
Soviet politicians
Azerbaijani communists
Azerbaijani nationalists
Former dictators
Burials at Alley of Honor
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Ayaz Niyazi oglu Mutallibov (, ; 12 May 1938 – 27 March 2022) was an Azerbaijani politician. He was  the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan. Mutallibov was also the first President of independent Azerbaijan. He was president  from October 1991 until May 1992.

Mutallibov died on 27 March 2022 in Baku, Azerbaijan at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

Ayaz Mütallibov 

1938 births
2022 deaths
Presidents of Azerbaijan
Prime Ministers of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Communist Party (1920) politicians
Soviet politicians
Politicians from Baku
Azerbaijani communists
Jef Geeraerts (Jozef Adriaan Anna Geeraerts, 23 February 1930 - 11 May 2015) was a Belgian writer. He was born in Antwerp. He decided to become a writer. He went to the University of Brussels to study Germanic languages. He was known for his books Gangreen 1 (Black Venus), Gangreen 2 (De Goede Moordenaar), Gangreen 3 (Het Teken van de Hond) and Gangreen 4 (Het Zevende Zegel).

Geeraerts died of a heart attack in Ghent at the age of 85.

Other websites

 Jef Geeraerts 

1930 births
2015 deaths
Belgian novelists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Writers from Antwerp
Henry Zuckerman (December 9, 1930 – January 8, 2020), credited as Buck Henry, was an American actor, screenwriter, and director. He was a cast member of Saturday Night Live.  He was nominated for an Academy Award twice, in 1968 for Best Adapted Screenplay for The Graduate and in 1979 for Best Director for Heaven Can Wait.

On January 8, 2020, Henry died from a heart attack at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. He was 89.

References

Other websites

BAFTA Award winners
Emmy Award winners
1930 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Movie directors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
"Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson.  It was written in honor of the September 11 attacks. It was introduced at the Country Music Association's annual awards show on November 7, 2001. 

It was released in November 2001 as the lead single from the album Drive, and reached the top of the U.S. Billboard country charts.

References

2001 songs
September 11 attacks
Alan Jackson songs
The Maltese is a small dog that originated in Malta and brought around the Mediterranean. Phoenician traders may have brought precursors of this dog to Ancient Egypt. The tomb of Ramesses II contains  statues  of dogs, which resemble the Maltese. The name of the dog came from the island Malta. Maltese dogs are small, up to about  in length, and  in weight.

Bichon
FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in Italy
Octocorallia is a subclass of the Anthozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. There are over 3.000 different species.

These animals have an eight-fold symmetry. Most are colonial sessile polyps. Octocorallia look like the stony corals. Stony corals have a six-fold symmetry, and are classified in the group Hexacorallia. Unlike the stony corals, most Octocoralllia lack a lasting skeleton. For this reason, they do not build coral reefs. An older name for this group is Alcyonaria. 

Many species form symbioses with unicellular algae. Octocorallia have many enemies: For this reason, many are toxic, or they taste bad. Many species of the Octocorallia can reproduce both sexually and asexually: It is common to find a colony of Octocorallia, where most polyps have the same sex.

Cnidarians
Zoantharia is an order of Anthozoa. Unlike the stony corals, these species do not have a hard skeleton. Most are very small. Some species form colonies.

Zoanthids can be distinguished from other colonial anthozoans and soft corals. Most of them (but not the family Zoanthidae) include sand and other bits of material in their tissue to help build their structure. The main characteristic of the order is that their tentacles are organised in two distinct rows.

Other websites 

Cnidarians
Persian couriers were ancient mounted messengers (despatch riders) kept ready at regular stages throughout old Persia for carrying the royal despatches at the time of the Achaemenid Empire.

Terminology 
In Ancient Greek, Persian courier was called ἄγγαρος (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”), whence Latin angarius, which is probably from an East Asian language (e.g., Sanskrit अजिरा (ajirā, “agile, swift”)). The word "angel" (ἄγγελος) is probably loaned from and related to Greek ἄγγαρος.

History 
In about 440 BC, Herodotus wrote in The Histories (book 8.98) about the Persian couriers:

Paraphrase of the Herodotus description was used by the United States Postal Service as a motto on the entrance to the Central Post Office building in New York City: "Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds."

Related pages 
 Achaemenid Empire
 Despatch rider
 Mailman

Notes

References

Other websites

 

Postal history
History of Persia
Robert "Bo" Belinsky (December 7, 1936 – November 23, 2001) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He became a California celebrity as a rookie with the original Los Angeles Angels. He is best known for pitching a no-hitter against his former Major League Baseball team, the Baltimore Orioles, in 1962. Belinsky is one of only two pitchers in the history of the Angels to start his career with a four-game winning streak or better. The other was Jered Weaver, in 2006.

Life and baseball career
Belinksy was born in New York City, to a Polish-American Catholic father and a Jewish mother. He grew up in Trenton, New Jersey. He became a "street rat" and one-time pool gambler.  Belinsky was already getting in trouble while still in the minor leagues for partying at night. He pitched for several seasons in the Baltimore Orioles minor leagues. His career and life changed when the Angels picked him in a minor league draft for the 1962 season.
Belinsky had a losing career record of wins and losses, but he threw the first no-hitter in the history of the Los Angeles Angels. It was also the first to be thrown at Dodger Stadium, beating the Baltimore Orioles 2–0 on May 5, 1962. His no-hitter was his fourth straight win at the start of his rookie season.

After throwing the no-hitter Belinsky said, "If music be the food of love, by all means let the band play on." The 1962 season was a crazy one for him. He became a gossip topic for Southern California sportswriters. They took pictures and reported in the news about his partying and dating many movie star women. He became known as a playboy. He was dating at one time or another, famous women like Ann-Margret, Connie Stevens, Tina Louise and Mamie Van Doren, the last his fiancee for a year. One of his teammates once said, "Bo had more fun off the field than he did on the field."
After a hotel room fight in 1964, he was let go by the Angels. They traded him to the Philadelphia Phillies. After spending a little over a season with the Phillies, he also pitched for the Houston Astros, Pittsburgh Pirates and Cincinnati Reds. His career ended in the Cincinnati minor league in 1970.

Later life and death 
Belinsky married and divorced a Playboy Playmate of the Year, Jo Collins. He eventually overcame alcoholism. He then became a counselor for the alcohol abuse program he had entered in Hawaii. He later moved to Las Vegas to work in advertising. He was then off drugs and alcohol and was a born-again Christian. ("Can you imagine," he was quoted as saying, "finding Jesus Christ in Las Vegas?").

Belinsky had been sick with bladder cancer before his death in Las Vegas. He died of an apparent heart attack at age 64. He is buried at Davis Memorial Park in Las Vegas, Nevada.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Baseball Cube profile
 Baseball Almanac 
 Bo Belinsky at Find a Grave
1936 births
2001 deaths
American baseball players
American Christians
California Angels players
Cincinnati Reds players
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Houston Astros players
People from Trenton, New Jersey
Philadelphia Phillies players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
San Diego Padres players
Samuil Markovich Blekhman (; 15 May 191826 July 1982) was a known philatelist (stamp collector) of the Soviet Union. He wrote many notable philatelic books and articles  about stamps and stamp collecting. Blekhman was born and lived much of his life in Moscow. He was trained and worked as an engineer. 

Blekhman's works were related to postal history and postage stamps of Tuva, Mongolia, Russia and Soviet Union. He also wrote works about airmail. Blekhman participated in prestigious national and international philatelic exhibitions. He won a number of top awards. One of his main philatelic writings was a detailed study of Tuva stamps and their cataloging. This work won a major award at the World Stamp Exhibition "PRAGA 1962". After Blekhman's death, it was translated and published in English.

Major works in English 
In addition to many Russian articles, Samuil Blekhman published philatelic papers in English:

Related pages 
 Tuva

References
References  

1918 births
1982 deaths
Jewish writers
Philatelists
Philately of the Soviet Union
Soviet Jews
Soviet journalists
Writers from Moscow
Andrew Jackson Young (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, activist, and Congregationalist pastor  from Georgia. 

He has served as a Congressman from Georgia's 5th congressional district, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and Mayor of Atlanta. 

He served as President of the National Council of Churches USA, and was a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the Civil Rights Movement. He was a supporter and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

References

Other websites

Biography  in the New Georgia Encyclopedia
Oral History Interview with Andrew Young from Oral Histories of the American South
Andrew Young School of Policy Studies
Andy Young's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Good Works International, founder
Andrew Young's federal campaign contribution report 

interview with Young on A Way Out of No Way: The Spiritual Memoirs of Andrew Young , Booknotes, April 3, 1994.
1932 births
Living people
African American politicians
American Calvinists
American civil rights activists
Mayors of Atlanta
American Christian clergy‎
Congregationalists
Politicians from New Orleans
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
United States representatives from Georgia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from New Orleans
Daniel Patrick Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American politician and sociologist. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

He was first elected to the United States Senate for New York in 1976, and was re-elected three times (in 1982, 1988, and 1994). He declined to run for re-election in 2000. Moynihan was the United States' Ambassador to the United Nations and to India. He was a member of four successive presidential administrations, beginning with the administration of John F. Kennedy, and continuing through that of Gerald Ford.

Moyniham died of surgical complications at a Washington, D.C. hospital, aged 76.

References

Other websites