Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
André Paul Guillaume Gide (22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1947. 

Gide was born in Paris into a middle class Protestant family. During a trip to Alegeria Gide realized that he was gay. His first novel The Notebooks of Andre Walter was published in 1891. Gide met Oscar Wilde in 1894. In October 1895 Gide married his cousin Madeleine. When Gide was 47 15-year-old Marc Allégret became his lover.

Gide also opposed colonialism and exploitation of slavery in Africa and was interested in communism and visited Soviet Union, but he expressed critical idea on the totalitarian regime.

1869 births
1951 deaths
Anti-communists
French communists
French Nobel Prize winners
Gay men
LGBT Nobel Prize winners
French LGBT writers
Writers from Paris
Hugo Chávez, the President of Venezuela, died on 5 March 2013. He was 58 years old. Because of his death, the Venezuelan constitution required an election for a new president to be held within 30 days. Vice President Nicolás Maduro became temporary president. On 14 April, he was officially elected.

Chávez' funeral was held on 8 March. Maduro originally said that Chávez' body would be embalmed and permanently displayed in a glass coffin at a military museum. However, on 13 March Maduro announced that this would not happen. This was because the government could not get prepared in the short time that had passed. Maduro extended the National Mourning for four days more, to eleven days. By the end of this, Chávez' body was moved to the Museum of the Revolution at Fort Montana. This had been where Chávez had tried to overthrow the government in 1992.

Chávez's body was never embalmed. He was buried at a cemetery in Venezuela.

References

21st century in Venezuela
Chavez
March events
2013 in South America
The Battle of Pea Ridge was a battle which happened during the American Civil War. It was fought on March 7th and 8th, 1862 in Arkansas. The Confederates lost the battle.

Pea Ridge
1862 in the United States
1860s in Arkansas
March 1862 events
The Battle of Bentonville was a battle which happened during the American Civil War. It was fought from March 19th to March 21st, 1865 in North Carolina. It was one of the last battles of the war. The Confederates lost the battle.

Bentonville
1865 in the United States
March events
19th century in North Carolina
The Reykjavík Summit was a meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev.

It was held in Höfði in Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland, on October 11–12, 1986. This was during the Cold War. The talks focused on peace between the United States and the Soviet Union. 

The talks failed near the end of the meeting. However, the progress that had been made eventually led to the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the two countries.

References

1986 in Europe
Diplomatic conferences
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Mikhail Gorbachev
Reykjavík
Cold War
1986 in the United States
1980s in the Soviet Union
20th century in Iceland
Mr. Lordi (born 15 February 1974) is a Finnish musician, painter and graphic designer. He is the singer and songwriter for the hard rock band Lordi. He also makes all the costumes for the band. His real name is Tomi Petteri Putaansuu.

Putaansuu was born in Rovaniemi, Finland. He studied filmmaking in Tornio. While there, he created Lordi's first music video, "Inferno". He formed the band Lordi in 1992. All publicity photographs of Mr. Lordi have his face hidden behind his mask and stage makeup. He does not talk about his private life or his real name for the media.

References 

1974 births
Finnish singer-songwriters
Living people
Finnish designers
Anti-balaka is a name for a group of Christian militias in the Central African Republic. They are the main militias fighting the Seleka rebels. Anti-balaka means "anti- machete" or "anti-sword" in the local Sango and Mandja languages.

In September 2021, Eugène Ngaïkosset, anti-balaka leader and former member of President François Bozizé's close guard, was arrested. Eugène Ngaïkosset is accused of numerous crimes in the CAR.

References

Rebel militia groups in Africa
Central African Republic
Christian terrorism
Bruce MacLeish Dern (born June 4, 1936) is an American actor. He was nominated for two Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actor for Coming Home and Best Actor for Nebraska.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Bruce Dern at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection 
 Cinema Retro's Evening with Bruce Dern at The Players, New York City

1936 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
June Louise Squibb (born November 6, 1929) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in movies like Alice, Scent of a Woman, The Age of Innocence, In & Out, and Far from Heaven.

References

Other websites
 
 

1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Illinois
20th-century American actors
21st-century American actors
Converts to Judaism
Disney people
Rich Whitney (born April 21, 1955) is an American politician and civil rights attorney. He was the Illinois Green Party's nominee for Governor of Illinois in the elections of 2006 and 2010.

References

Other websites
Whitney for Governor (Official Website)
Rich Whitney for Governor on MySpace
A look at Rich Whitney, Green Party candidate for governor
"Don't Fear the Spoiler: Why it's (probably) safe to vote Green for governor"  (Chicago Reader, Oct. 2006)

1955 births
Living people
Politicians from Illinois
Politicians from Connecticut
People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
People from Carbondale, Illinois
Gloria Lerma Yatco (June 22, 1922 – August 25, 2019), better known as Mona Lisa, was a Filipino movie actress. She was one of the most popular Filipino actresses of the 1940s. She resumed her movie career in the 1970s retiring for 20 years and remained in her 80s.

Her best known roles were Insiang, Giliw Ko, and Cain at Abel.

Lisa died on August 25, 2019 at her home in Manila from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 97.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2019 deaths
Actors from Manila
Janakkala is a municipality in Finland. 16,881 people lived there in 2013. Population centers: Turenki, Tervakoski, Leppäkoski and village called Tarinmaa.

Neighbour municipalities, in south: Hausjärvi, Loppi and Riihimäki. Hämeenlinna is on the north.

It was founded in 1866.

Coat of arms
Janakkalas coat of arms has been designed by Onni Oja in 1950.

Villages

26 villages:

Known people
 Tuomas Kyrö, writer
 Ida Aalberg, actor
 Olavi Borg, professor
 Laiska Leppone, rap-musician
 Reko Lundán, writer
 Timo Mäenpää, musician
 Kustaa Paturi, poetry and agonist
 A. P. Sarjanto, songwriter

Other websites 
 The official Janakkala page

1866 establishments in Finland
Municipalities of Kanta-Häme
The Iberian Union was a state that governed the Iberian peninsula between 1580 and 1640. After the young king of Portugal and his uncle died, three of their relatives fought the War of the Portuguese Succession. Philip II of Spain won, thus linking the monarchies of Portugal and the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg. This dynastic union joined the crowns of Castile, Portugal and Aragon along with their respective colonial possessions, under the rule of the Hispanic monarchy. The institutions, government and legal traditions of each kingdom remained independent of each other; they merely had the same king of Habsburg Spain.  The alien laws (Leyes de extranjeria) determined that the national of one kingdom was a foreigner in all the other Iberian kingdoms.  The term Iberian union  was not used at the time, it is a creation of modern historians.
The monarchs had long wanted to unify the peninsula: They had the  visigothic monarchy in mind. Sancho III of Navarre and Alfonso VII of León and Castile both took the title Imperator totius Hispaniae, meaning "Emperor of All Hispania" centuries before.  If  Miguel da Paz (1498–1500), Prince of Portugal and Asturias had become king, the union could have been achieved earlier.  However, he died early in his childhood.

The history of Portugal from the dynastic crisis in 1578 to the first House of Braganza monarchs was a period of transition. The Portuguese Empire's spice trade was peaking at the start of this period.  Vasco da Gama had finally reached the East by sailing around Africa in 1497–98, completing the exploratory efforts started by Henry the Navigator.  This opened an oceanic route for the profitable spice trade into Europe that bypassed the Middle East.
Throughout the 17th century, the increasing predations and surrounding of Portuguese trading posts in the East by the Dutch, English and French, and their rapidly growing intrusion into the Atlantic slave trade, undermined Portugal's near monopoly on the lucrative oceanic spice and slave trades. This sent the Portuguese spice trade into a long decline. To a lesser extent the diversion of wealth from Portugal by the Habsburg monarchy to help support the Catholic side of the Thirty Years' War, also created strains within the union, although Portugal did benefit from Spanish military power in helping to retain Brazil and in disrupting Dutch trade. These events, and those that occurred at the end of Aviz dynasty and the period of Iberian Union, led Portugal to a state of dependency on its colonies, first India and then Brazil.

References
References

1580 establishments
16th-century establishments in Spain
1580s establishments in Europe
1640 disestablishments
1640s disestablishments in Europe
16th century in Spain
17th century in Spain
Former monarchies of Europe
Roberta Elizabeth Marshall Cowell (8 April 1918 – 11 October 2011) was a British racing driver and World War II fighter pilot. She was born in Croydon, Surrey. She was also the first known British transsexual woman to undergo sex reassignment surgery.

She died on 11 October 2011 in Hampton, London. Her funeral was attended by only six people and (on her instructions) was unpublicised - her death was not publicly reported until two years later, when a profile of her was printed in The Independent newspaper in October 2013.

References

1918 births
2011 deaths
British military people
Transgender people
English LGBT people
English racecar drivers
LGBT military people
Sportspeople from Surrey
People from Croydon
Cyclomatic complexity is a measurement to see how difficult a computer program is to understand. The measurement was developed by Thomas J. McCabe, Sr. in 1976. It looks at the program's source code and measures the number of independent paths through the source code. The concept is similar to the general text complexity, which is measured by the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test.

Cyclomatic complexity is computed using the control flow graph of the program: the nodes of the graph correspond to indivisible groups of commands of a program, and a directed edge connects two nodes if the second command might be executed immediately after the first command. Cyclomatic complexity may also be applied to individual functions, modules, methods or classes within a program.

One testing strategy, called Basis path testing by McCabe who first proposed it, is to test each linearly independent path through the program; in this case, the number of test cases will equal the cyclomatic complexity of the program.

References
References

Theoretical computer science
April Ashley, MBE (born George Jamieson; 29 April 1935 – 27 December 2021) was an English model and restaurant hostess. She was one the first British people to be outed as a transsexual, this was done by the Sunday People in 1961.

She was also known as one of the first British people to undergo sex reassignment surgery, after racing driver and World War II fighter pilot Roberta Cowell, and the ninth in the world to have the surgery.

Ashley died on 27 December 2021 in London, at the age of 86.

References

More reading

Other websites

 April Ashley's Odyssey  The text and pictures from her 1982 book 
 April Ashley Photo Gallery Tribute 
 How Prescott made a woman out of me - Daily Mail profile, 3 June 2006
 April Ashley Documentary 

1935 births
2021 deaths
Transgender people
English LGBT people
English models
English movie actors
Actors from Liverpool
Writers from Liverpool
Jane Kean (April 10, 1923 – November 26, 2013) was an American actress, writer, and singer. Her most famous roles were as Trixie Norton on The Honeymooners with Jackie Gleason, and as the voice of Belle in Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol.

Kean died on November 26, 2013 at age 90, at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California of complications from a fall.

References

More reading

Other websites
 
 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Hartford, Connecticut
Singers from Connecticut
Writers from Connecticut
Thomas Robert "Tom" Laughlin (August 10, 1931 – December 12, 2013) was an American actor, director, screenwriter, author, educator and political activist. He was known for his role as Billy Jack on the television series Billy Jack. He ran for President of the United States in 1992, 2004, and 2008 for the Democratic Party.

Laughlin died of complications from pneumonia on December 12, 2013 at Los Robles Hospital and Medical Center in Thousand Oaks, California.

References

Other websites

 Official Billy Jack website, including information on Tom Laughlin's political aspirations

1931 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American movie directors
American television directors
American screenwriters
American political activists
Educators from Milwaukee
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Actors from Milwaukee
Writers from Milwaukee
Politicians from Milwaukee
2008 United States presidential candidates
Riihimäki is a town in Finland. It locates 70 km from Helsinki to north. As of 31 August 2013, almost 30,000 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Janakkala, Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, and Loppi.

History
Riihimäki's population center grew around railwaystation. Riihimäki railway station is one of the 1862 opened Helsinki-Hämeenlinna railways stations. Story tolds that this not dense populated area was simply named by the kiln what was upon a hill.

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Kanta-Häme
Nguyen Van Troi (1947–1964) was a Vietnamese assassin. He was arrested and sentenced to death because he tried to kill United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara while he was visiting South Vietnam. He was glorified as a national hero.

Nowadays, many streets in Vietnam are named after him. 

Vietnamese people
1947 births
1964 deaths
Assassins
An Internet café (also called a Cybercafé) is a type of café. It is a business that provides Internet access to the public, usually for a fee. It also sells coffee and food. Internet cafés were introduced in the 1990s. The spread of modern-style cafés to many places, urban and rural, went hand in hand with computers. Many Internet cafés offer wireless Internet or have computers customers can use. They also offer telephones and newspapers. Internet café users need to be aware they have less security than most private networks. They are also more exposed to malicious software, also called 'malware'.

References 

Restaurants
Internet-related organizations
Jonás Joaquín Ortiz Alberto (born in 1989), is better known by his stage name Black Point (sometimes El Negro or Black Jonas Point). He is a Dominican rapper, songwriter and producer. Ortiz, along with Del Patio and Pitbull, wrote and performed the song "Watagatapitusberry". This song reached number 30 in the US Billboard Latin Songs chart and number 13 in the US Billboard Tropical Songs chart.

Biography
Black Point was born in Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic. He was only 8 when he started to get interested in hip hop music and start writing rap songs. His manager, Big W One, was the person that produced and record his debut song of rap on the 2000. On 2008 Black Point arrives to the Dominican Republic's radio stations gaining so much fame with themes like "Mi mujer no era mala", "Amigo" and the famous collaboration of hip hop Dominican culture, "Capea El Dough: All Stars".

Discography

Singles

References

Other websites 
 
 Black Point discography at MusicBrainz
1989 births
Living people
Dominican Republic musicians
Rappers
Dominican Republic writers
X-DuckX is a French and Canadian animated television series. The program was directed by François Reczulski in 2001. It was made by Alphanim, France 3, YTV, Super Écran and Tooncan.  The series has 78 episodes.

The series tells the story of two wacky and dangerous ducks, Slax and Geextah. They are fans of extreme sports . In France, the series was first broadcast on France 3 in 2002 before being broadcast on Jetix (formerly Fox Kids) from 2004 to 2006. In Canada, X-DuckX was broadcast on Super Écran and YTV.

Canadian animated television series
2000s French television series
2001 Canadian television series debuts
2007 television series endings
2001 establishments in France
French animated television series
Michael Jackson (March 27, 1942 – August 30, 2007) nicknamed "Beer Hunter" was a famous British writer. He was known for being an expert about beer.

It was revealed in December 2006 that Michael Jackson "is and has been suffering for at least a decade from Parkinson's Disease." He also suffered from diabetes. Michael Jackson died of a heart attack in his home the morning of 30 August 2007 at the age of 65 in London.

References

Other websites
Obituary, The Independent, 3 September 2007 
 Obituary, The Times, 5 September 2007
'Lives Remembered' The Times
Remembering Michael Jackson, The Brewers Association
 Michael Jackson's Life and Death, All about Beer 
'Michael Jackson's Rare Beer Club'

1942 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction

Writers from Leeds
In law, the term deterrence is used to describe the situation where punishment or threat is used to keep people from committing a crime. Both the person who committed a crime, as well as other people should be kept from committing that kind of crime.

Related pages 
Criminal law

Law enforcement
Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound that contains magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. Its formula is MgSO4.

Magnesium sulfate is used as a brewing salt in beer.

Properties
Magnesium sulfate is soluble in water.

References
http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20M)/MAGNESIUM%20SULFATE.html
http://www.webmd.com/baby/magnesium-sulfate-for-preterm-labor
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm354603.htm

Sulfur compounds
Oxygen compounds
The War of the Worlds is an 1898 science fiction book by H. G. Wells. It is about Martians attacking Earth. A 1938 radio broadcast version by Orson Welles frightened many people, who thought it was real even though there was a warning at the start telling people it was fiction.

Plot
The book is set in Britain at the turn of the 19th century and is told by a first-person narrator. The Martians are jealous of Earth’s more livable environment and launch themselves to Earth in capsules fired from cannons. They easily defeat the human military with their giant war machines, aircraft, poison gas, and heat rays. The narrator travels through the now ruined Britain and encounters invasive alien plants, Martian robots, and the Martians themselves- who are strange slug-like beings with tentacles who feed on human blood. Eventually, the Martian invasion is stopped when the Martians become infected by Earth germs that they have no immunity to and die.

1898 books
Science fiction books
Books by H. G. Wells
Bert Frederick Williams MBE (31 January 1920 – 19 January 2014) was an English international football goalkeeper. Nicknamed "The Cat", he spent the majority of his playing career at Wolverhampton Wanderers where he won the League Championship and FA Cup. At the time of his death Williams was the oldest living England international.

References

Other websites
England Profile 

1920 births
2014 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from Wolverhampton
Pete Burns (5 August 1959 – 23 October 2016) was an English singer. He started the band Dead or Alive in 1980. Their 1985 single "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was number one. He has since become known for having had a lot of cosmetic surgery. He also became known for being on Celebrity Big Brother in 2006.

Early life
Burns was born in Wirral to a German mother, Eva. He started school when he was seven.

Career
In 1979 Burns was the singer of Nightmares on Wax. In 1980 he started Dead or Alive. In April 1984 Dead or Alive released their first album Sophisticated Boom Boom. Dead or alive's second album Youthquake was released in May 1985. It reached number nine in the UK Albums Chart. 

In 2004 Burns released a single with the Pet Shop Boys. In 2006 "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was released as a single for the fourth time. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart.

In 2011 Burns was on Celebrity Come Dine with Me.
Personal life
Burns used to have "really bad depression". In 2006 he was arrested for attacking his fiancee. In 2007 Burns married Michael Simpson. Burns died in London following a sudden cardiac arrest on 23 October 2016, at the age of 57.

References

1959 births
English singers
English television personalities
Jewish British musicians
English LGBT people
LGBT singers
Gay men
2016 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
New wave singers
People from Wirral
Aletia is a genus of moths. It is part of the Noctuidae family.

Species 
 A. argentaria (Howes, 1945)
 A. cucullina Guenee
 A. cuneata (Philpott, 1916)
 A. cyanopetra (Meyrick, 1927)
 A. dentata (Philpott, 1923)
 A. empyrea (Hudson, 1918)
 A. falsidica (Meyrick, 1911)
 A. falsidica hamiltoni (Hampson, 1913)
 A. fibriata (Meyrick, 1913)
 A. inconstans (Butler, 1880)
 A. lacustris (Meyrick, 1934)
 A. mitis (Butler, 1877)
 A. moderata (Walker, 1865)
 A. obsecrata (Meyrick, 1914)
 A. panda (Philpott, 1920)
 A. probenota (Howes, 1945)
 A. sistens (Guenée, 1868)
 A. sollennis (Meyrick, 1914)
 A. temperata (Walker, 1858)
 A. virescens (Butler, 1879)

References

Other websites 
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Noctuidae
The Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 is a supercar made by Lamborghini. It replaced the Lamborghini Murciélago. The name Aventador comes from a fighting bull. The Aventador is also the base of the Lamborghini Veneno, a limited production hypercar.

Overview 
As with the Murciélago model, the Maternal company Audi used the bullfight concept. In the advertising materials of Lamborghini, it was said that Aventador is a bull who became famous after one of the most bloody battles in Zaragoza, for which he received a "Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera" which was prestigious award for courage in the arena. LP 700-4 means technical equipment of the car, where 700 is power in hp, and 4 is a full drive.

References

Aventador
Sports cars
2010s automobiles
The Audi R8 is a V10 sports car produced by the German company Audi, for the first time introduced in 2006 at the Paris Motor Show.

Overview 
Model R8, as well as a number of other Audi auto models, is manufactured at the Quattro GmbH plant which is a subsidiary of the German company for the production of Audi AG cars, which is part of the Volkswagen AG concern. The enterprise is based in Neckculum, near Stuttgart.

The design of the car was developed by the Italian automobile designer Valter de Valva and his design team. 

Audi R8 is available to have two people inside.

The new Audi R8 of the second generation was shown on March 3, 2015 at the Geneva Motor Show.

In 2020, the Audi R8 received an updated engine line.

References

R8
2000s automobiles
Sports cars
Azaria Alon (November 15, 1918 – January 19, 2014) was an Israeli environmentalist. He was the co-founder of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI). 

Alon received an Israel Prize for lifetime achievement in 2012. He had previously been cited for the Israel Prize when the SPNI won it in 1980.

Alon died on January 19, 2014 from natural causes, aged 95.

References

1918 births
2014 deaths
Israeli activists
Israeli Jews
Jewish activists
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Soviet Jews
Ukrainian Jews
, known also as , are members of transnational organized crime syndicates in Japan. 

Yakuza call themselves ninkyō dantai (chivalrous organizations) which the Japanese media and police call them bōryokudan (violence group). They are the world's largest criminal organization and have about 103,000 members. The three biggest Yakuza families are Yamaguchi-gumi, Sumiyoshi-kai, and Inagawa-kai. During the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, they opened their offices to help refugees and sent dozens of trucks with supplies to affected areas.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 The secret lives of Yakuza women-BBC Reel(Video)
 101 East – Battling the Yakuza—Al Jazeera (Video)
 FBI What We Investigate - Asian Transnational Organized Crime Groups
 Yakuza Portal site
 Blood ties: Yakuza daughter lifts lid on hidden hell of gangsters' families
 Crime Library: Yakuza
 Yakuza distribution map 
 Japanese Mayor Shot Dead; CBS News, 17 April 2007
 Yakuza: The Japanese Mafia
 Yakuza distribution map 
 Yakuza: Kind-hearted criminals or monsters in suits?

17th-century establishments in Japan
Gangs
Secret societies
Sir Christopher John Chataway, PC (31 January 1931 – 19 January 2014) was a British middle- and long-distance runner, television news broadcaster, and Conservative politician. His stepson is the Conservative MP Charles Walker and his brother-in-law the former Conservative MP Peter Hordern.

He suffered from cancer for the last two and a half years of his life. He died aged 82 at St John's Hospice in north west London.

References

Other websites

Sunday Times article 13 December 2009

1931 births
2014 deaths
British middle-distance runners
British long-distance runners
English television presenters
Politicians from London
Sportspeople from London
Television personalities from London
Ancel Benjamin Keys (January 26, 1904 – November 20, 2004) was an American scientist. He is known for researching human nutrition. Keys died when he was 100 years old. Keys was the cover of the January 13, 1961 issue of Time magazine.

He showed studies that saturated fats is the reason why heart disease is rising despite getting the results by cherrypicking the data. He has criticized some work against sugars, one example in which:It is clear that Yudkin has no theoretical basis or experimental evidence to support his claim for a  major influence of dietary sucrose in the etiology of CHD;  his claim that men who have CHD are excessive sugar eaters is nowhere confirmed but is disproved by many studies superior in methodology and/or magnitude to his own; and his  "evidence"  from population statistics and time trends will not bear up under the most elementary critical examination.  But the propaganda keeps on reverberating ...

Multiple studies already proved him wrong.

References
References

1904 births
2004 deaths
American centenarians
Scientists from Colorado
Steven Fromholz (June 8, 1945 – January 19, 2014) was an American entertainer, poet, singer and songwriter. He was the Poet Laureate of Texas in 2007.

Fromholz was born in Temple, Texas on June 8, 1945. Fromholz began performing while he was serving in the United States Navy during the 1960s. After leaving the Navy, he teamed with Dan McCrimmon to create the group Frummox. 

Fromholz died on January 19, 2014 in a hunting accident when a rifle fell and discharged in El Dorado, Houston, Texas. He was 68 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1945 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths in the United States
Singer-songwriters from Texas
American poets
American entertainers
Deaths by firearm in Texas
General Mills Inc. is an American corporation, focused on food products. The company's headquarters are in Golden Valley, Minnesota. It markets many well-known North American brands. Its most well-known products are cereals, such as Cheerios, Trix, and Lucky Charms. The company makes more than 100 of the leading U.S. brands.

References

1866 establishments in the United States
American food companies
Companies based in Minnesota
The Division of Wentworth is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions set up in 1901 for the first federal election. The division is named after William Charles Wentworth (1790–1872), an Australian explorer and politician.  In 1813 he crossed the Blue Mountains with Blaxland and Lawson.

The Division, in terms of area, is the smallest in Australia. It includes the suburbs of Bellevue Hill, Bondi, Bondi Beach, Bondi Junction, Bronte, Centennial Park, Clovelly, Darlinghurst, Darling Point, Dover Heights, Double Bay, East Sydney, Edgecliff, Elizabeth Bay, Kings Cross, North Bondi, Paddington, Point Piper, Potts Point, Queens Park, Rose Bay, Vaucluse, Watsons Bay, Waverley, Woollahra and Woolloomooloo; and parts of Randwick.

Members
Members

Eric Harrison was a minister in the governments of Joseph Lyons and Robert Menzies. He was also deputy Leader of the Liberal Party. He resign in 1956 and became Australian High Commissioner in London. Bob Ellicott was Attorney-General from 1975–1977. He also served as Minister for Home Affairs, Minister for Capital Territory. He resigned in 1981 to become a judge on the Federal Court of Australia. John Hewson and Malcolm Turnbull both served as Leaders of the Opposition, and Turnbull served as Prime Minister from 2015 to 2018. Peter King lost Liberal Party support, and decided to become an independent. He was banned from the Liberal Party for 10 years.

After Malcolm Turnbull was removed as Prime Minister by the Liberal Party he resigned from the Parliament. A by-election was held for the seat which was one by an independent candidate, Kerryn Phelps.

Election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Wentworth – Australian Electoral Commission
Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Caspar Willard "Cap" Weinberger, GBE (August 18, 1917March 28, 2006), was an American politician and businessman. As a prominent Republican he served in a variety of prominent state and federal positions for three decades, including Chairman of the California Republican Party, 1962-68.  Most notably he was appointed Secretary of Defense under Republican President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1987.

He was awarded both the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1987 and an honorary British knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II.

Weinberger was born in San Francisco, California on August 18, 1917. He studied at Harvard College and at Harvard Law School. Weinberger married Jane Weinberger in 1942. Their marriage would last until Weinberger's death. They had two children.

Weinberger was treated for and died from complications of pneumonia at Eastern Maine Medical Center in Bangor, Maine, aged 88.
Early life
Weinberger was born in San Francisco, California in 1917. His parents had been Jewish but by the time Weinberger was born they were not members of any synagoge or church. Weinberger later joined the Episcopalian Church. He had health problems as a boy, but did well in high school and was accepted to Harvard University. While in college, he edited the Harvard Crimson, the university's student newspaper. He graduated with a Juris Doctor degree in 1941.

Soon after he graduated from Harvard, Weinberger joined the United States Army. When Japan attacked the US Navy at Pearl Harbor in December of that year, Weinberger went to war in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. By the end of the war he served in intelligence, and became interested in politics. He came to admire Winston Churchill, who was a personal hero of Weinberger. After he left the army he went back to his hometown of San Francisco where he worked as a law clerk and a lawyer.
Political career
In 1952 he ran for the California state assembly. Here he was well known for being a major supporter water infrastructure projects and for trying to stop a freeway from being built through downtown San Francisco (the freeway was built, but it was torn down in 1989). He ran for Attorney General. Although he lost, he became the chairman of the California Republican Party. He served in a number of jobs in California before running the Federal Trade Commission, where he became known for enforced laws meant to protect consumers.
President Richard Nixon appointed Weinberger as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. He was nicknamed "Cap the Knife" because he was good at cutting wasteful spending. When Ronald Reagan was elected President in 1980, Weinberger was appointed Secretary of Defense, the job responsible for military affairs. While at this job he saw a military buildup meant to be a force against Soviet aggression. He felt that if the United States had a stronger military it could better deal with the Soviet Union.

Weinberger was Secretary of Defense during the Iran Contra scandal, which involved selling guns to Iran to give money to a group of rebels in Nicaragua called the Contras, who were fighting the socialist dictatorship there. Weinberger didn't want to do this but he did not prevent it from happening. In the early 1990s he was investigated for it, but wasn't charged with a crime.
In 1987, Weinberger retired from the defense department. He is often given credit for helping to end the Cold War peacefully by increasing pressure on the Soviets with military spending. Some histories criticize him for not stopping the Iran Contra deal. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom by the US and was a knighted as a Member of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II of England.

Later years
In 1989, Weinberger joined Forbes magazine as an editor. He wrote a book in 1990 called Fighting for Peace. Along with his wife Jane (who helped start him in politics), Weinberger retired to Mount Desert Island in Maine, near Acadia National Park. He died in 2006 at the age of 88 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery

References

Other websites

Obituary in Fortune magazine 
An interview with Caspar Weinberger (MP3)
Booknotes interview with Weinberger on Fighting for Peace, July 15, 1990. 
War and Peace in the Nuclear Age 
BBC News obituary
Caspar Willard Weinberger Biography
Baltimore Sun obituary

1917 births
2006 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from pneumonia
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
Episcopalians
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from San Francisco
United States Secretaries of Defense
United States Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from California
The National University of La Plata (, UNLP) is one of the national universities in the Argentine city of La Plata. The university was founded in 1905 by Dr. Joaquín Víctor González.

Academic units 

Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism 
Faculty of Arts 
Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences 
Faculty of Astronomic and Geophysic Sciences
Faculty of Economic Sciences 
Faculty of Exact Sciences 
Faculty of Law and Social Sciences 
Faculty of Medic Sciences 
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum 
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences 
Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences 
Faculty of Informatics 
Faculty of Engineering 
Faculty of Dentistry 
Faculty of Journalism and Social Communication 
Faculty of Social Work 
Fine Arts High School "Professor Francisco Américo de Santo"
Famous students and professors 
Raúl Alfonsín (Law degree in 1950) President of Argentina (1983–1989)
Florentino Ameghino (Professor of geology)
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (Nobel Peace laureate)
Juan José Arévalo (Philosophy PhD in 1934)
Mario Bunge (Physics-Mathematics PhD in 1952)
René Favaloro (Medicine degree in 1949) Inventor of the coronary artery by-pass
Julio Palmaz (Medicine degree in 1971) Inventor of the balloon-expandable stent
Emilio Pettoruti
Raúl A. Ringuelet (Professor of Zoology)
Carlos Saavedra Lamas (Law teacher, rector, Nobel Peace laureate)
Ernesto Sábato (Physics PhD in 1937, writer)
Néstor Kirchner (Law degree in 1976) President of Argentina (2003–2007)
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Law degree in 1979) President of Argentina (2007-until now)
Florentina Gómez Miranda (Law degree in 1945) Argentine Deputy from 1983 to 1991
Horacio Pagani (Industrial design) CEO of the automotive company, Pagani Automobili S.p.A.

Notes and References
Bibliography 
History of the University of La Plata (Historia de la Universidad de La Plata), Julio Castiñeira, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
National University of La Plata on the Centennial of its Nationalization (La Universidad Nacional de La Plata en el centenario de su nacionalización), Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

Other websites 
  

1897 establishments
Colleges and universities in Argentina
Organizations based in Buenos Aires Province
is a town in the Landkreis (district) of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is  southwest of Heilbronn.
With an area of  of vineyards, it is the biggest grape-growing municipality in Württemberg.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Brackenheim.de

Cities in Baden-Württemberg
The University of Chile is a institution of higher education in the city of Santiago de Chile.

Other websites 

Official website

Colleges and universities in Santiago de Chile
1842 establishments
19th-century establishments in Chile
1840s establishments in South America
Lucky Charms is an American brand of cereal made by General Mills. It first appeared in stores in 1964. Its two main ingredients are toasted oat pieces and colored marshmallows.

Ingredients
Oats (Whole grain), Ayse (flour), marshmallows (sugar, modified starch/modified corn starch, corn syrup, dextrose, gelatin, calcium carbonate, yellow 5 & yellow 6, blue 1, red 40), artificial flavor, sugar, corn syrup, corn starch, salt, calcium carbonate, food coloring/artificial color, trisodium phosphate, zinc, and iron.

Other forms
In 2005, another form of the cereal was made, Chocolate Charms. Then later being followed by Lucky Charm Treats. After these changes proved to increase sales, General Mills decided to make changes to the cereal periodically.

References

Breakfast cereals
The Battle of the Winwaed () was fought on 15 November 655 between the forces of Kings Penda of Mercia and Oswiu of Bernicia. The outcome of the battle was a major victory for Oswiu and a restoration of Northumbrian dominance of Anglo-Saxon England.

Background
Background 

Several events led to the battle of the Winwaed. King Oswald of Northumbria was considered the bretwalda or overlord over the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England. Penda of Mercia defeated and killed Oswald of Northumbria in 642 at the battle of Maserfield. This left Penda the most powerful king in England. Penda did not claim to be the overlord, however. When his brother Oswald was killed, Oswiu of Northumbria claimed the throne of Bernicia but was not able to rule Deira. It was a year before Oswiu felt it was safe enough to recover his brother's body from the battlefield where he was killed. To appease Penda Oswiu gave his daughter in marriage to Penda's son Peada. Also Oswiu agreed to the marriage of his son Alfrith and Penda's daughter Cyneburh. Still, Penda was not satisfied. He was determined to destroy Oswiu. In 654 Penda raised a large army of some thirty 'legions'. Then, about 653, Penda began raiding into Bernicia.

The battle
In a series of battles fought all across Northumbria, Oswiu kept being pushed back until he reached the far north of his kingdom. When Osiwu wanted peace, Penda took Oswiu's son Ecgfrith as a hostage. Oswiu also made an offer of tribute to Penda if he would bring an end to the hostilities. According to Nennius, Oswiu gave Penda all the treasure he had which Penda gave to his Briton allies. But Bede claims Penda turned down the offer of treasure as tribute. Penda took his army and left Bernicia. It was at this point, according to Bede, that Oswiu with a much smaller force attacked Penda's army. He caught up with Penda on the banks of the flooded Winwaed river. Some of Penda's allies deserted him and decided not to fight. But probably catching Penda's main force by surprise Oswiu's army fell upon the Mercians without mercy. Penda and most of the leaders of his 'thirty legions' were killed. Also killed with Penda was king Aethelhere of East Anglia
. One of those who also withdrew and did not engage in the battle was Oswiu's nephew, King Athelwald of Deira. He had guided Penda through Northumbria and been his ally against his uncle. Because of the flooded river, more were killed by drowning than in battle.
Effects 

The death of Penda and the rise of Oswiu to dominance had a major impact in 7th century England. Athelwald was either killed or went into exile. From this time Oswiu became the bretwalda or overlord over all the southern English people including Mercia. Mercia was then divided. North of the River Trent was controlled directly by Oswiu. He made Peada of Mercia, Penda's son, king over the part of Mercia south of the Trent. Peada had married Oswiu's daughter, Alflaed. Peada was murdered five months later by Alflaed, possibly on Oswiu's orders. Mercians rebelled against Oswiu and Peada's brother Wulfhere became king of Mercia.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Kings of Northumbria
 Anglo-Saxon West Yorkshire: The Historical Background 

Winwaed
Anglo-Saxons
7th century in England‎
655
is a town in Aomori, Japan. It is on the northernmost tip of Honshu. As of April 2012, the town has a population of about 6,240. Ōma is mainly a fishing town.  The town is famous for its tuna.

Settlements in Aomori Prefecture
Towns in Japan
was a Japanese poet and writer. He wrote stories for children. He lived in the early Shōwa period of Japan.

Miyazawa's first collection of children's stories and fairy tales was The Restaurant of Many Orders (, ). Another famous work of his was Night on the Galactic Railroad (, ).

1896 births
1933 deaths
Japanese poets
Children's writers
Hanamaki is a city in the Iwate Prefecture of Japan. Hanamaki is famous as the birth place of poet Kenji Miyazawa. There are many places and museums related to Kenji Miyazawa in the city.

Cities in Iwate Prefecture
Kitakami city is in the southwest of Iwate prefecture on the main island of Japan. Kitakami has a population of more than 93,000. The city is famous for the sakura that bloom in Tenshochi Park, which is regarded as one of the hundred best places in Japan to view cherry blossoms.

References 

Cities in Iwate Prefecture
was a Japanese microbiologist. He studied bacteria.

He was born in Inawashiro, Fukushima. He worked at the Institute of Infectious Diseases as a doctor. When he was 24, he went to the United States. In 1928, he moved to Ecuador, where there were many cases of yellow fever. He went to find the bacteria that caused it. After arriving there, he was able to identify the bacteria as yellow fever, and developed a vaccine. This quickly reduced the number of people dying of yellow fever in South America.
In 1928, while researching yellow fever in Accra, he was infected by yellow fever and died.

References

1876 births
1928 deaths
Japanese scientists
Microbiologists
Deaths from infectious disease
People from Fukushima Prefecture
William Frank Buckley, Jr. (November 24, 1925 – February 27, 2008) was an American conservative author and commentator. He founded the political magazine National Review in 1955, which had a big impact on the American conservative movement. He supported Barry M. Goldwater and Ronald Reagan.

Career 
He hosted 1,429 episodes of the television show Firing Line from 1966 until 1999, where he became known for his transatlantic accent and wide vocabulary. He also wrote a nationally syndicated newspaper column, and wrote many spy novels.

Personal life 
Buckley was born November 24, 1925, in New York City. He was of Irish descent. As a child he lived in Mexico and learned Spanish. He studied in France and England and learned their languages. In 1950, Buckley married Patricia Buckley. They had a son, Christopher.
Buckley died at his home in Stamford, Connecticut, on February 27, 2008. Initially, it was reported that he was found dead at his desk in his study, a converted garage. At the time of his death, he had been suffering from emphysema and diabetes.  His cause of death was soon ruled as emphysema.

References

Other websites

 
 Buckley Online , a complete guide to the writings William F. Buckley at Hillsdale College
 William F. Buckley at Library of Congress Authorities — with 109 catalog records

1925 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
Republicans (United States)
Writers from New York City

Conservatism
Agnotology is a branch of science which looks at the ways in which doubt or ignorance about certain subjects is created. A very good example of how this happens is the publication of scientific studies that rely on data that is inaccurate or misleading. More generally, the term also highlights the increasingly common condition where more knowledge of a subject leaves one more uncertain than before.

The neologism was coined by Robert N. Proctor,
a Stanford University professor specializing in the history of science and technology. Proctor cites the  tobacco industry's conspiracy to manufacture doubt about the cancer risks of tobacco use as a very good example of how this can be done. Under the banner of science, the industry produced research about everything except tobacco hazards to exploit public uncertainty.
The way in which media attention works can be exploited to produce ignorance. Other factors that influence it are that corporations or governments do not reveal certain facts. At times, they force these facts to be removed if they have been revealed. The methods they use include censorship, destroying documents, putting the weight of certain facts differently, or  being inattentive or forgetful.

Agnotology also focuses on how and why diverse forms of knowledge do not "come to be," or are ignored or delayed. For example, knowledge about plate tectonics was censored and delayed for at least a decade because key evidence was classified military information related to underseas warfare.

References

Subfields of sociology
Neologism is a word that is new (15 to 20 years or less) but older and used more than a protologism. Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event.   (Greek: a "new word", or the act of creating a new word) is a synonym for it. The term neologism was first used in English in 1772, borrowed from French néologisme (1734).

Using an existing word or phrase in a new context is also called neologism. The process of using a word in such a new context is sometimes called a semantic extension. A new word that has not been used by anyone but the inventer is a protologism.
Use in psychiatry
In psychiatry, the term neologism is used to describe the use of words that have meaning only to the person who uses them, independent of their common meaning. This tendency is considered normal in children. In adults, it can be a symptom of psychopathy  or a thought disorder, such as a psychotic mental illness, for example schizophrenia.  People with autism may also create neologisms. Additionally, use of neologisms may be related to aphasia acquired after brain damage resulting from a stroke or head injury.

Use in theology
In theology, a neologism is a relatively new doctrine (for example, Transcendentalism). In this sense, a neologist is one who proposes either a new doctrine or a new interpretation of source material such as religious texts.

Related pages
Acronym
Portmanteau word

References

Vocabulary
1 gross is a unit of measurement, for countable items. It is equal to 12 dozen, or 144 pieces. In the same manner, a dozen gross, or 1728 items is called great gross. Small gross or great hundred is used to refer to ten dozen items. If a shop is advertizing to sell a product en gros, this means that it will sell larger quantities.

Measurement