Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Vinson Massif is the highest mountain of Antarctica. It is in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains. The massif is about  from the South Pole.  It is about  long and  wide. At  the highest point is Mount Vinson.  It was named in 2006 after Carl Vinson, long-time member of the U.S. Congress from the state of Georgia. 

Vinson Massif was first seen in 1958 and first climbed in 1966. 

Though the yearly snowfall on Vinson is low, high winds can cause base camp accumulations up to  in a year. During the summer season, November through January, there are 24 hours of sunlight. The average temperature during these months is .

References

Mountains of Antarctica
Barn-owls (family Tytonidae) are one of the two families of owls.  The other is the true owls, Strigidae. They are medium to large sized owls with large heads and heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs with powerful talons.

The barn owls are a wide ranging family.  They are not found in northern North America, Saharan Africa and large areas of Asia. They live in a wide range of habitats from deserts to forests, and from temperate latitudes to the tropics.

The barn-owls' main characteristic is the heart-shaped facial disc, formed by stiff feathers. The feathers help to amplify and locate the source of sounds when the bird hunts. Adaptations to the wing feathers eliminate sound caused by flying. This helps both the owl's hearing, and keeps the prey unaware of the owl. To summarise: the owl hunts mainly at dusk and night-time. Its uses sound to detect prey movement: its hearing is sensitive, and its wings are almost silent.
Species
Genus Tyto
 Greater sooty-owl, T. tenebricosa
 Lesser sooty-owl, T. multipunctata
 Australian masked owl, T. novaehollandiae
 Cave-nesting masked owl, T. novaehollandiae troughtoni - disputed; probably extinct (1960s)
 Golden masked owl, T. aurantia
 Lesser masked owl, T. sororcula
 Buru masked owl, T. (sororcula) cayelii - possibly extinct (mid-20th century?)
 Manus masked owl, T. manusi
 Taliabu masked owl, T. nigrobrunnea
 Minahassa masked owl, T. inexspectata
 Sulawesi owl, T. rosenbergii
 Peleng masked owl, T. rosenbergii pelengensis - probably extinct (mid-20th century)
 Common barn owl, T. alba
 Eastern barn Owl, T. (alba) delicatula
 Ashy-faced owl, T. glaucops
 Red owl T. soumagnei
 African grass owl T. capensis
 Australasian grass owl T. longimembris

Genus Phodilus
 Oriental bay owl P. badius
 Samar bay owl P. (badius) riverae
 Congo bay owl, P. prigoginei - sometimes placed in Tyto
Fossil genera. The fossil record of the barn-owls goes back to the Eocene.
 Nocturnavis (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) - includes "Bubo" incertus
 Necrobyas (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene - Late Miocene) - includes "Bubo" arvernensis and Paratyto
 Selenornis (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Quercy, France) - includes "Asio" henrici
 Prosybris (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Quercy?  Early Miocene of France)

References
 Bruce M.D. 1999. Family Tytonidae (Barn-owls). In: del Hoyo J.; Elliott A. & Sargatal J. (eds): Handbook of birds of the world, Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds: 34-75, plates 1-3. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. 
Steadman, David William 2006. Extinction and biogeography of tropical Pacific island birds. University of Chicago Press. .

Strigiformes
Alexander Island is also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, lexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I. It is near the South Pole.

It is the largest island of Antarctica. It is in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land. It is separated from Antarctic Peninsula by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. George VI Sound is filled with ice and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which is to its west.

Alexander Island is about  long.  It is  wide in the north and  wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second largest uninhabited island in the world, Devon Island is the largest.

Alexander Island was discovered on January 28, 1821. It was named for the reigning Tsar Alexander I of Russia. It was believed to be part of the Antarctic mainland until 1940.
A notable feature of Alexander Island is Hodgson Lake. It is a former subglacial lake that has come out from under an ice sheet that covered it. It is 2 km (1.2 mi) long by 1.5 km (0.93 mi). It has a 93.4 m (306 ft) deep water column that is sealed beneath 3.6 to 4.0 m (12 to 13 ft) thick lake ice.

References

Geography of Antarctica
Mount Logan is the highest mountain in Canada.  It is the second-highest mountain in North America, after Denali (Mount McKinley). The mountain was named after Sir William Edmond Logan. He was a Canadian geologist and the founder of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). Mount Logan is in Kluane National Park and Reserve in southwestern Yukon. People think that Logan has the largest base circumference of any non-volcanic mountain on Earth.  The massif has eleven peaks over .

Temperatures are extremely low on and near Mount Logan. On the 5,000 m (16,400 ft) high plateau, air temperature stays around  in the winter.  It reaches near freezing in summer.  Little snow melt leads to a large ice cap, reaching almost  in certain spots.

References

Mountains of Canada
Yukon
Mount Parnassus, also Parnassos, is a mountain of limestone in central Greece.  It is north of the Gulf of Corinth. According to Greek mythology, this mountain was sacred to Apollo and the home of the Muses.

Mythology
Mount Parnassus is named after Parnassos, the son of the nymph Kleodora and the man Kleopompus. Parnassos was leader of a city that was flooded by rains. The people ran from the flood up the mountain slope. There the survivors built another city  and called it Lykoreia. According to some traditions, Mount Parnassus was the site of the fountain Castalia and the home of the Muses. As the home of the Muses,  Mount Parnassus became known as the home of poetry, music, and learning.
Mount Parnassus was the site of several unrelated minor events in Greek mythology.
In some versions of the Greek flood myth, the ark of Deucalion comes to rest on the slopes of Parnassus. This is the version of the myth told in Ovid's Metamorphoses.
Orestes spent his time in hiding on Mount Parnassus.
Parnassus was sacred to the god Dionysus.
The Corycian Cave, located on the slopes of  Mount Parnassus, was sacred to Pan and to the Muses.
In Book 19 of The Odyssey, Odysseus tells a story of how he was gored in the thigh during a boar hunt on Mount Parnassus in his youth.
Parnassus was also the home of Pegasus, the winged horse of Bellerophon.

Parnassus today
Today, the slopes of Mount Parnassus have two ski centres. The Parnassos Ski Centre has two sections, Kellaria and Fterolakka, which together make up the largest ski centre in Greece. A smaller ski centre (only two drag lifts) called Gerontovrahos is across a ridge from Kellaria.
Parnassus is mined for its large supply of bauxite.  The bauxite is converted to aluminium oxide and then to aluminium.

References

Balkan Mountains
Mountains of Greece
Greek mythology
Shenyang or Mukden is the capital and largest city of Liaoning Province in northeast China. Shenyang was first used by the Manchu people as their capital in the 17th century. Today it is the biggest city in the Northeast.

Shenyang is the transport and commercial hub of China's northeast–particularly with Japan, Russia, and Korea.  Shenyang is the railway hub of northeast China. Eight railways connect Shenyang with Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin and Fushun.  

The city’s name means "the city to the north of Shen River".  It comes from the Hun River on the city’s south side, which used to be called the Shen River. People started living here 7,200 years ago.
Major companies
Many major industrial companies have their headquarters in Shenyang. Brilliance Auto is a major Chinese automobile manufacturer. Most of its production plants are also in Shenyang. Shenyang Aircraft Corporation makes airplanes for civilian use as well as for the PLAAF. Neusoft Group is the biggest software company in China. Shenyang Machine Tool Group is the largest machine tool manufacturer in China. Tyco International, General Motors, and Michelin Shenyang Tire Corporation, are expanding their operations in Shenyang due to a deep pool of skilled technical labor; good transportation; low land-use fees; and solid local support.

Sports
Shenyang is famous for its football tradition. The local football team is the Liaoning F.C., in the Chinese Super League. Another Chinese Super League team, Shenyang Jinde moved to Changsha in 2007. Shenyang Olympic Sports Centre Stadium was a venue for the football preliminary of 2008 Summer Olympics.
Shenyang Sport University is a famous professional sports university in China. The university is the training base for winter sports in China and has many Olympic champions.

Colleges and universities
 Northeastern University (东北大学/東北大學)
 China Medical University (中国医科大学/中國醫科大學)
 Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学/沈阳农业大学)
 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (沈阳药科大学/瀋陽藥科大學)
 Shenyang Aerospace University (沈阳航空航天大学/瀋陽航空航天大學)
 Shenyang Jianzhu (Architectural) University (沈阳建筑大学/瀋陽建築大學)
 Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
 Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology (沈阳化工大学/瀋陽化工學院)
 Shenyang Medical College (沈阳医学院)
 Shenyang Normal University (沈阳师范大学/瀋陽師範大學)
 Liaoning University (辽宁大学/遼寧大學)
 Shenyang Ligong University (沈阳理工大学/瀋陽理工大學)
 Shenyang University (沈阳大学/瀋陽大學)
 Shenyang University of Technology (沈阳工业大学/瀋陽工業大學)
 Shenyang Sport University (沈阳体育学院/瀋陽體育學院)
 Shenyang Institute of Engineering (沈阳工程学院/瀋陽工程學院)
 Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (辽宁中医药大学/遼寧中醫藥大學)
Twin towns and sister cities
Shenyang is twinned with:

Sapporo, Japan (1980)
Kawasaki, Japan (1981)
Turin, Italy (1985)
Chicago, United States (1985)
Irkutsk, Russia (1992)
Quezon City, Philippines (1993)
Ramat Gan, Israel (1993)
Monterrey, Mexico (1993)
Seongnam, South Korea (1998)
Yaoundé, Cameroon (1998)
Katowice, Poland (2007)
Thessaloniki, Greece
Gumi, South Korea
Leverkusen, Germany
Düsseldorf, Germany

References

Cities in China
Anobiidae is a family of beetles. The larvae of a number of species bore into wood.  This gave them the name "woodworm" or "wood borer". A few species are pests.  They cause damage to wooden furniture and houses, notably the death watch beetle and the common furniture beetle.

Polyphaga
A mousebird is one of a small group of birds. They are not closely related to other groups of birds. Though they and the parrots and cockatoos (Psittaciformes) may be closer to each other than to other birds. The mousebirds are given order status as Coliiformes. This group only lives in sub-Saharan Africa.  They had a wider range in prehistoric times and apparently evolved in Europe.

Description

They are slender greyish or brown birds with soft, hairlike body feathers. They are typically about 10 cm in body length.  They have a long, thin, tail a further 20–24 cm in length.  They weigh 45–55 grams. They are arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents, in search of berries, fruit and buds. This habit, and their legs, is the reason for the group's English name. They can feed upside down. They have crests and stubby bills.

Mousebirds are very talkative.  They are found in bands of about twenty in lightly wooded country.
These birds build cup-shaped twig nests in trees, which are lined with grasses. 2–4 eggs are typically laid.

References

Birds
Aimee Mann (September 8 1960, Richmond, Virginia) is an American singer-songwriter. She has teamed up with many pop rock bands. She is known for singing with the group 'Til Tuesday in the 1980s, with many hit songs.

Mann married musician Michael Penn in 1997.

American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Richmond, Virginia
Singers from Virginia
1960 births
Living people
New wave singers
Nicole "Nikki" Reed (born May 17 1988) is an American movie actress. She has been featured mostly in independent movies. She was first brought to fame in 2003 with Thirteen.

Reed was born in Los Angeles, California. She is of Ashkenazi Jewish, Cherokee Native American, English, French, German, Irish, Italian, Scottish, Swiss and Welsh descent.

References

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American child actors
Jewish American actors
Native American people
1988 births
Living people
Celera is a corporation registered in California, U.S.A. It was founded to discover and sell information about DNA sequence analysis, especially the human genome. The company is now wholly owned by Quest Diagnostics, a corporation which runs clinical laboratory services.

Celera's first president, Craig Venter and Hamilton Smith were in charge of the original science. There was competition between Celera and the publicly funded Human Genome Project, which got much comment. Eventually, they agreed on a certain amount of co-operation.

References 

Genetics
Companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Alameda, California
1998 establishments in California
Genomics is the part of genetics which studies the genomes of organisms. This includes the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping. The field also includes studies of genes working together. Examples are heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome.

Genomics applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes. This is the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism).  In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research. Research of single genes unless it involves the entire genome.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has a somewhat broader definition:
"The term "genomics" encompasses a broader scope of scientific inquiry associated technologies than when genomics was initially considered. A genome is the sum total of all an individual organism's genes. Thus, genomics is the study of all the genes of a cell, or tissue, at the DNA (genotype), mRNA (transcriptome), or protein (proteome) levels".

References 

Branches of genetics
Warrior (born James Brian Hellwig; June 16, 1959 – April 8, 2014)) was an American professional wrestler. Hellshaw legally changed his name to Warrior in 2002. He was the biggest star of the 1990s. His career had a boost when he defeated Hulk Hogan at WrestleMania VI, and it was also Hulk Hogan's first Wrestlemania loss, firstly before defeated by The Rock at WrestleMania X8.

Warrior died of a heart attack on the afternoon of April 8, 2014 at 54 years old, 3 days after being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame and less than a day after cutting a promo on Raw.
"No WWE talent becomes a legend on their own. Every man's heart one day beats its final beat. His lungs breathe their final breath. And if what that man did in his life makes the blood pulse through the body of others and makes them believe deeper in something larger than life then his essence, his spirit, will be immortalized. By the story tellers, by the loyalty, by the memory of those who honor him and make the running the man did live forever. You, you, you, you, you, you are the legend makers of Ultimate Warrior. In the back I see many potential legends. Some of them with warrior spirits. And you will do the same for them. You will decide if they lived with the passion and intensity. So much so that you will tell your stories and you will make them legends, as well. I am Ultimate Warrior. You are the Ultimate Warrior fans. And the spirit of the Ultimate Warrior will run forever!"
Early life
Warrior was born as James Brian Hellwig (though changed name to Hellshaw in 1969). He was the eldest of five children and was raised by his mother (along with, later, his stepfather) after his father left his family when young James was 12. He spent a year at Indiana State University. It was also during this time he began to compete in amateur bodybuilding. He started competing in a number of NPC contests there on.

Career
Hellwig debuted as the Dingo Warrior in 1985.

References

Other websites
Official website
WWE profile

1957 births
2014 deaths
American professional wrestlers
American bodybuilders
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Sportspeople from Indiana
WWE Hall of Fame
Former WWE wrestlers
Carcharhiniformes is the largest order of sharks. Also known as Ground sharks or Whaler sharks, this group contains over 270 species of shark. It includes some common ones like the Blue shark, Bull shark, Tiger shark and the hammerhead sharks.

Ground sharks have a special membrane which protects their eyes when needed. They have two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits.

Ground sharks are found in open oceans, seas, estuaries, and brackish waters.

Families
thumb|right|250px|A Tiger shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Blue shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Bull shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Great hammerhead shark 
There are eight families in this order:
 Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
 Hemigaleidae (Weasel sharks)
 Leptochariidae (Barbeled houndsharks)
 Proscylliidae (Finback cat sharks)
 Pseudotriakidae (False cat sharks)
 Scyliorhinidae (Cat sharks)
 Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead sharks)
 Triakidae (Hound sharks)

References
 

Sharks
The 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, the fourteenth Summer Paralympic Games, took place in London, England, United Kingdom. 4,237 athletes from 164 countries were at the Games.  People with these types of disabilities competed at the games: spinal injury, amputee, blindness, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and Les Autres. It is the second sport event held in the United Kingdom after the 2012 Summer Olympics.  Growing interest in Paralympic sport worldwide and Great Britain's success during the recent Summer Olympics made more people want tickets than ever before, breaking many sales records.

References

2012 Summer Paralympics
2012 in sports
2012 in London
The Feminine Mystique is a book by Betty Friedan first published in 1963. It is often credited with starting the second-wave feminism in the United States. In the book, Friedan conducts a number of interviews with classmates, and finds that many of them were unhappy with their lives as housewives. Friedan had wanted to publish an article about housewives who were unhappy with their role, but no magazine would publish the article. The book has sold more than three million copies.

References

1963 books
Feminism
1960s in the United States
Pulitzer Prize winners
Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al Saud, ( ) (1  August 1924 – 23 January 2015) was the King of Saudi Arabia from 1 August 2005 until his death in 23 January 2015. He became king upon the death of his half-brother, King Fahd. He was the tenth son of Ibn Saud.

Abdullah died from complications of pneumonia at the age of 90. His half-brother Salman took his place as king.

References 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Saudi Arabia
Kings of Saudi Arabia
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Prime Ministers of Saudi Arabia
George Martin (August 15, 1929 – June 1, 2010) was an American television, stage, and movie actor who is known for his role as the hotel receptionist in Léon: The Professional. 

Martin was nominated for a Tony Award in 1983. He has also founded the Air-Edel Recording Studios in 1969. He was born on August 15, 1929 in New York City, New York. Martin died on June 1, 2010 in his home in Providence, Rhode Island, aged 80.

References

1929 births
2010 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
George Martin (born 1937 in Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish director, producer, and movie actor. He is known for his roles in the Italian 3 Supermen series and for other parts in Spaghetti Westerns and Italian exploitation movies.

References

Other websites

1937 births
Living people
Entertainers from Barcelona
Spanish movie actors
Spanish movie directors
Spanish movie producers
Spanish screenwriters
Writers from Barcelona
Jorge Lavat Bayona (August 3, 1933 – September 14, 2011) was a Mexican movie and television actor. He is mostly known for his last role as Don Julio in the soap opera Eva Luna. 

He was born in Mexico City, Mexico on August 3, 1933. He was married first to Ana María Torres until they divorced. Then he married Silvia Burgos. Again he was married to Ana María Torres and lastly to Rebeca Martínez until his death. He had four children. 

Lavat died on September 14, 2011 in Mexico City, Mexico after a lung infection after surgery. He was 78 years old.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications 
Mexican television actors
Mexican movie actors
Mexican voice actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican radio actors
Actors from Mexico City
Gary Michael Cole (born September 20, 1956) is an American actor and voice actor. 

Cole was born in Park Ridge, Illinois on September 20, 1956. He graduated at Illinois State University.

Cole began his acting career on stage with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1985. In television, Cole had starring roles in the series Midnight Caller, American Gothic, and Crusade. In movies, Cole appeared in supporting roles in The Brady Bunch Movie, Office Space, Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby. He provided the voice of Mayor Jones in Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated.

Personal Life
He has been married to Teddi Siddall since 1992. They have a daughter. On June 19, 2017, the couple announced they were divorcing. Cole is an active Democrat.

References

Other websites

 
 

1956 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Park Ridge, Illinois
Charles Wright (born May 16, 1961) is an American former professional wrestler and businessman. He is best known for his time in the World Wrestling Federation from the 1990s and early 2000s. During his time there, he wrestled under the ring names Papa Shango, Kama, Kama Mustafa, The Godfather, and The Goodfather.

Championships
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #353 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (two times)
World Wrestling Federation
WWF Intercontinental Championship (one time)
WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bull Buchanan)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Gimmick (1992)
Worst Feud of the Year (1992) (vs. The Ultimate Warrior)
Most Embarrassing Wrestler (1992)

References

Other websites
WWE profile
1961 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
WWE Hall of Fame
African-American wrestlers
Sportspeople from California
Businesspeople from California
People from Palo Alto, California
Sportspeople from Las Vegas
Businesspeople from Las Vegas
James Tissot (real name:Jacques Joseph Tissot, 15 October 1836 – 8 August 1902) was a French painter. He is mostly known for the portraits he painted in the 1870s, in Victorian style. In later life, he often painted religious motifs.

Other websites
James Tissot

1836 births
1902 deaths
French painters
Dadu may be:

People
Dadu Dayal, a sixteenth century poet-guru from Rajasthan

Places
Dadu, also known as Khanbaliq, capital city of the Yuan Dynasty, located in modern Beijing, People's Republic of China
Dadu District, a district in Sindh, Pakistan
Dadu, Pakistan, a town in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan

Rivers
Dadu River (China), a tributary of the Yangtze, also known as the "Tatu River", located in the Sichuan province of China
Dadu River (Taiwan), also known as the "Wu River", a river in Taiwan
WASP-12b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star WASP-12. It is said by NASA one of the hottest planet known, much hotter than Venus. It is extremely close to its star, about 2 million miles away from it. It is a gas giant and is bigger than Jupiter. The average temperature
there can get up to 1500 degrees Celsius. For comparison, Mercury in our solar system's average temperature is around 427 degrees Celsius. WASP-12b is so close to its star, that the star pulls mass from the planet creating a comet-like trail behind it.

References

Exoplanets
Legendary Pictures, Inc. (also called Legendary Entertainment) is an American movie production company.  The parent company is based in Burbank, California and was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000. In 2005 the company made a 40-picture agreement to co-produce and co-finance with Warner Bros.

By 2011 the company was reported to have been valued at more than $1 billion. In September 2011, Chief Creative Officer Jon Jashni was appointed to the new position of President.

Legendary Comics 
In 2010, the company announced the launch of a comic book division called Legendary Comics, LLC.  It is under the direction of editor-in-chief Bob Schreck. The first graphic novel published by the company was Holy Terror by Frank Miller, which was released in 2011.
Legendary Television 
In 2011, the company announced the creation of Legendary Television, LLC. The division was headed by Jeremy Elice and a co-financing contract with Warner Bros. Television was signed. In 2012, Legendary decided to delay its expansion into television and shut down the division. The contract with Warner Bros. was ended and Elice left the company.

Filmography 
Legendary Entertainment has co-produced 24 feature movies. The box office column shows the worldwide gross for the theatrical release of the movie in United States dollars.

Released

In production

In development

References 

American entertainment companies
Companies based in Burbank, California
Blue Sky Studios was an American CGI-animation studio. It is owned by Pixar locating in Greenwich, Connecticut. In addition to their feature-length animated movies, Blue Sky has worked on many high-profile movies, primarily in combining live-action with computer-generated animation.

Filmography

Feature movies
Released movies

Television specials and series
Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas (2011)
Ice Age: The Great Egg-Scapede (2016)
Ice Age: Scrat Tales (2022; TV Series)

Short movies 
 Bunny (1998)
 Gone Nutty (2002)
 Aunt Fanny's Tour of Booty (2005)
 No Time for Nuts (2006)
 Surviving Sid (2008)
 Cosmic Scrat-tastrophe (2015)
 Scrat: Spaced Out (2016)

Associated Productions

Franchises
Franchises

2019–2021: Disney acquisition and closure
Ownership of Blue Sky Studios was assumed by The Walt Disney Company as part of their 2019 acquisition of 21st Century Fox, which concluded on March 20, 2019. On March 21, Disney announced that Blue Sky Studios and its parent company 20th Century Fox Animation (now 20th Century Animation) would be integrated as units within the Walt Disney Studios with co-presidents Andrea Miloro and Robert Baird continuing to lead the studio, while reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan Horn. In July 2019, Miloro announced that she would be stepping down from her role as co-president, thus leaving Baird as sole president.

In August 2019, former Walt Disney Animation Studios head Andrew Millstein was named as co-president of Blue Sky Studios alongside Baird, while Pixar Animation Studios president Jim Morris would also be taking a supervising role.
On February 9, 2021, Disney announced that it was closing Blue Sky Studios in April 2021. The company explained that in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic's continued economic impact on all of its businesses, it was no longer sustainable for them to run a third feature animation studio. In addition, production on a film adaptation of the webcomic Nimona, originally scheduled to be released on January 14, 2022, was cancelled as a result of its closure. The studio's film library and intellectual properties are retained by Disney. Although Disney did not give an exact date as to when the studio would be closing down initially, former animator Rick Fournier confirmed on April 10 it was their last day of operation, three days after co-founder Chris Wedge released a farewell letter on social media.

Blue Sky Studios' website redirects to Disney.com.

References

American animation studios
Greenwich, Connecticut
Companies based in Connecticut
1987 establishments in the United States
Locations 
Walt Disney Animation Studios is headquartered in the Sorcerer's Hat building which was completed in 1995.  It is in Burbank, California close to Walt Disney Studios The Walt Disney Studios where its original animated studio was located. Satellite studios were around the world in locations like Paris, France, Tokyo, Japan and even at Disney's Hollywood Studios, one of the four theme parks in Walt Disney World, Florida. They were all closed down by 2004 and December 24, 2022  because the 2D movies which the satellite studios made were unsuccessful what

Characters
List of Disney characters

Filmography
Since 1937, Walt Disney Animation Studios has produced 60 movies with Walt Disney Pictures. The first one, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, was released in 1937. The newest one, Encanto, was released in 2021, with their last released being Strange World in 2022.

Filmography 
This list includes the films made by Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Released films

Upcoming films
Upcoming films

Franchises 
This does not include Disney's direct-to-video or television follow-up films produced by either Disney Television Animation or DisneyToon Studios.

Achievements 
The animation studio is noted for creating a number of now-standard innovations in the animation industry, including:

 The multiplane camera (for Snow White, but first used in the Academy-award winning short "The Old Mill")
 The realistic animation of special effects and human characters (for Snow White)
 Advanced composition processes to combine live-action and animated elements using color film (for The Three Caballeros)
 The use of xerography in animation to transfer drawings to cels as opposed to ink-tracing (developed for 101 Dalmatians, but first tested in a few scenes in Sleeping Beauty and first fully used in the Academy-award nominated short Goliath II)
 The use of all-digital methods for painting, compositing, and recording animated features using the CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)
The first animated feature in Technicolor (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs)
 The first major motion picture in stereophonic sound (Fantasia), otherwise known as Fantasound.
 The first animated feature in CinemaScope (Lady and the Tramp)
 The first large format animated movie (the 70 mm Sleeping Beauty)
 The first Disney animated feature to use computer-generated imagery (The Black Cauldron)
 The first Disney animated feature making heavy use of CGI computer animation (Oliver & Company)
 The first Disney animated feature to use digital coloring (The Little Mermaid, which introduced Disney's CAPS process)
 The first feature movie to be shot using a 100% digital process (The Rescuers Down Under, CAPS)
 The first animated feature to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, and the only nominee for Best Picture to be traditionally-animated (Beauty and the Beast)
 The first Disney animated feature to gross $200 million, and the highest-grossing movie of 1992 (Aladdin)
The highest grossing traditionally-animated (or hand-drawn) movie of all time (The Lion King)
 The largest movie premiere with over 100,000 viewers (Pocahontas)
 The most expensive animated movie ever made costing $260 million (Tangled)
 The highest number of original characters ever created for an animated movie (188 characters) (Wreck-It Ralph)
Documentary movies about Disney animation
A Trip Through the Walt Disney Studios (1937, short)
The Reluctant Dragon (1941, a staged "mockumentary")
Frank and Ollie (1995)
Dream On Silly Dreamer (2005)
Waking Sleeping Beauty (2010)

Related pages 
 The Walt Disney Company
 Disney's Nine Old Men
 Pixar
 Blue Sky Studios
 20th Century Animation
 Disney Television Animation

References 

American animation studios
American entertainment companies
Companies based in Burbank, California
Disney companies
1923 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in California
Oscilloscope Laboratories is an independent movie distribution company.  It was started by Beastie Boys member Adam Yauch and former THINKFilm executive David Fenkel. It has a recording studio and movie production facilities. 

Fenkel will be returning to the company according to a statement made by an Oscilloscope spokeswoman on May 4, 2012 following Yauch's death.
Releases 
All titles are given a number which goes to the spine number of the DVD (or for some titles DVD and Blu-ray)
 Gunnin’ For that #1 Spot – directed by Adam Yauch (U.S.)
 FLOW: For Love of Water – directed by Irena Salina (France)
 Dear Zachary: A Letter to a Son about his Father – directed by Kurt Kuenne (U.S.)
 Wendy and Lucy – directed by Kelly Reichardt (U.S.)
 Frontrunners – directed by Caroline Suh (U.S.)
 Not Your Typical Bigfoot Movie – directed by Jay Delaney (U.S.)
 Treeless Mountain – directed by So Yong Kim (Korea)
 Scott Walker: 30 Century Man – directed by Stephen Kijak (U.S.)
 Kisses – directed by Lance Daly (Ireland)
 The Garden – directed by Scott Hamilton Kennedy (U.S.)
 The Law (La Loi) – directed by Jules Dassin (U.S.) (re-release)
 Burma VJ – directed by Anders Østergaard (Denmark)
 Unmistaken Child – directed by Nati Baratz (Israel)
 The Paranoids – directed by Gabriel Medina (Argentina)
 No Impact Man – directed by Laura Gabbert and Justin Schein (U.S.)
The Thorn in the Heart (L’Epine dans le Coeur) – directed by Michel Gondry (France)
 Terribly Happy (Frygtelig lykkelig) – directed by Henrik Ruben Genz (Denmark)
 The Messenger – directed by Oren Moverman (U.S.)
 Beautiful Losers – directed by Aaron Rose (U.S.)
 Youssou N'Dour: I Bring What I Love – directed by Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi
 The Maid (La Nana) – directed by Sebastián Silva (Chile)
 Tell Them Anything You Want: A Portrait of Maurice Sendak – directed by Lance Bangs & Spike Jonze (U.S.)
 The Exploding Girl – directed by Bradley Rust Gray (U.S.)
 Bananas!* – directed by Fredrik Gertten (Sweden)
 A Film Unfinished – directed by Yael Hersonski (Israel)
 Howl – directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman (U.S.)
 William S. Burroughs: A Man Within – directed by Yony Leyser  (U.S.)
 I Knew It Was You: Rediscovering John Cazale – directed by Richard Shepard (U.S.)
 Monogamy – directed by Dana Adam Shapiro (U.S.)
 The Unloved – directed by Samantha Morton (UK)
Meek's Cutoff – directed by Kelly Reichardt (U.S.)
 Exit Through the Gift Shop – directed by Banksy (U.S.)
 Who Took The Bomp? Le Tigre On Tour – directed by Kerthy Fix (U.S.)
 Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale – directed by Jalmari Helander (Finland)
 TBA
 Dark Days – directed by Marc Singer (U.S.) (re-release)
 Compassion in Emptiness (U.S.)
 If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front – directed by Marshall Curry (U.S.)
 We Can't Go Home Again – directed by Nicholas Ray (U.S.)
 Bellflower – directed by Evan Glodell (U.S.)
 Rebirth – directed by Jim Whitaker (U.S.)
 The Other F Word – directed by Andrea Blaugrund Nevins (U.S.)
 We Need To Talk About Kevin – directed by Lynne Ramsay (UK)
Upcoming releases 
Happy Few (released as Four Lovers) – directed by Antony Cordier (France)
Shut Up and Play the Hits – directed by Will Lovelace and Dylan Southern (U.S.)
Hello I Must Be Going – directed by Todd Louiso (U.S.)
Brooklyn Brothers Beat The Best – directed by Ryan O'Nan
28 Hotel Rooms – directed by Matt Ross
Chasing Ice – directed by Jeff Orlowski
Wuthering Heights – directed by Andrea Arnold
The Apple Pushers – directed by Mary Mazzio

References

American entertainment companies
Relativity Media (sometimes written as RelativityMedia and Relativity) is an American movie studio in West Hollywood, California.  It acquires, develops, produces, and distributes movies and produces television programming. It was founded in 2004 by Ryan Kavanaugh.

On January 4, 2009, Relativity Media acquired the genre label Rogue Pictures from Universal, for a $150 million.
On July 6, 2010, Relativity and Netflix announced a five-year-plus Pay-TV deal. The first two movies to stream on Netflix were The Fighter and Skyline.

On July 23, 2010 Relativity acquired the 45-person marketing and distribution staff of Starz’ Overture Films. On May 20, 2012, it was reported that Relativity and EuropaCorp signed a co-production and co-financing deal on two movies and Relativity will distribute in U.S. Relativity also has co-production deals with Atlas Entertainment and Virgin Produced.

Filmography

Distributor
Distributor

2010
 Jack Goes Boating
 Cost of a Soul(Distributed by Rogue)
 Stone
 Let Me In
 The Warrior's Way (Distributed by Rogue)

2011

2012

2013

2014

Movies In-Development
 Three Days to Kill (currently titled)
 Acacia: The War with the Mein
 Tunnels
 Hack/Slash 
 The Crow (Remake) 
 Ness/Capone 
 Voltron: Defender of the Universe 
 Timeless 
 Goliath 
 The Bible Code 
 Afterburn 
 Ecstasia 
 The Most Wonderful Time
 Wright Girls
 Hunter Killer

Highest grossing movies

Production Company
Production Company

2006
 RV (with Columbia Pictures and InterMedia Films)
 The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (with Universal Pictures and Original Film)
 Monster House (with Columbia Pictures, ImageMovers and Amblin Entertainment)
 Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (with Columbia Pictures and Apatow Productions)
 All the King's Men (with Columbia Pictures and Phoenix Pictures)
 Gridiron Gang (with Columbia Pictures and Original Film)
 Catch and Release (with Columbia Pictures)
 The Holiday (with Columbia Pictures, Universal Pictures and Waverly Films)
 Smokin' Aces (with Universal Pictures, StudioCanal and Working Title Films)
 The Pursuit of Happyness (with Columbia Pictures, Escape Artists and Overbrook Entertainment)
2007
 Full of It (with New Line Cinema)
 Ghost Rider (with Columbia Pictures, Marvel Studios and Crystal Sky Pictures)
 Reign Over Me (with Columbia Pictures and Madison 23)
 Mr. Brooks (with Tig Productions and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer)
 Evan Almighty (with Universal Pictures, Original Film and Spyglass Entertainment)
 I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry (with Universal Pictures and Happy Madison Productions)
 3:10 to Yuma (with Lionsgate Films and Tree Line Film)
 The Kingdom (with Universal Pictures and Film 44)
 Atonement (with Focus Features, Working Title Films and StudioCanal)
 American Gangster (with Universal Pictures, Imagine Entertainment and Scott Free Productions)
 Charlie Wilson's War (with Universal Pictures and Participant Media)
 Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (with Columbia Pictures and Apatow Productions)
2008
 Vantage Point (with Columbia Pictures and Original Film)
 The Other Boleyn Girl (with Columbia Pictures, Focus Features and BBC Films)
 The Bank Job (with Lionsgate Films and Mosaic Media Group)
 21 (with Columbia Pictures and Trigger Street Productions)
 The Forbidden Kingdom (with Lionsgate Films and The Weinstein Company)
 Baby Mama (with Universal Pictures)
 Made of Honor (with Columbia Pictures and Original Film)
 Changeling (with Universal Pictures, Imagine Entertainment and Malpaso Productions)
 You Don't Mess with the Zohan (with Columbia Pictures and Happy Madison Productions)
 Wanted (with Universal Pictures and Spyglass Entertainment)
 Hancock (with Columbia Pictures, Weed Road Pictures and Overbrook Entertainment)
 Hellboy II: The Golden Army (with Universal Pictures and Dark Horse Entertainment)
 Mamma Mia! (with Universal Pictures and Playtone)
 The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (with Universal Pictures and The Sommers Company)
Step Brothers (with Columbia Pictures, Apatow Productions and Gary Sanchez Productions)
 Pineapple Express (with Columbia Pictures and Apatow Productions)
 Wild Child (with Universal Pictures, Working Title Films and StudioCanal)
 Death Race (with Universal Pictures, Cruise/Wagner Productions and Impact Pictures)
 The House Bunny (with Columbia Pictures and Happy Madison Productions)
 Burn After Reading (with Focus Features, StudioCanal, Working Title Films and Mike Zoss Productions)
 Eve (Short movie)
 The Express (with Universal Pictures and Davis Entertainment)
 Frost/Nixon (with Universal Pictures, Working Title Films, Imagine Entertainment and StudioCanal)
 Role Models (with Universal Pictures and New Regency Productions)
 Yes Man (with Warner Bros. Pictures, Village Roadshow Pictures, Heyday Films and The Zanuck Company)
 The Tale of Despereaux (with Universal Pictures and Framestore)
 Seven Pounds (with Columbia Pictures, Escape Artists and Overbrook Entertainment)
2009
 Paul Blart: Mall Cop (with Columbia Pictures and Happy Madison Productions)
 The Unborn (with Rogue Pictures and Platinum Dunes)
 The International (with Columbia Pictures and Atlas Entertainment)
 Duplicity (with Universal Pictures)
 Fast & Furious (with Universal Pictures and Original Film)
 State of Play (with Universal Pictures and Working Title Films)
 Fighting (with Rogue Pictures)
 The Taking of Pelham 123 (with Columbia Pictures, Scott Free Productions and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures)
 Land of the Lost (with Universal Pictures and Mosaic Media Group)
 Public Enemies (with Universal Pictures and Forward Pass Productions)
 The Ugly Truth (with Columbia Pictures and Lakeshore Entertainment)
 Funny People (with Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Happy Madison Productions and Apatow Productions)
 A Perfect Getaway (with Rogue Pictures and QED International)
 9 (with Focus Features)
 A Serious Man (with Focus Features, StudioCanal, Working Title Films and Mike Zoss Productions)
Love Happens (with Universal Pictures)
 Zombieland (with Columbia Pictures and Pariah Productions)
 Couples Retreat (with Universal Pictures and Wild West Picture Show)
 Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant (with Universal Pictures)
 Nine (with The Weinstein Company)
 Brothers (with Lionsgate Films)
 It's Complicated (with Universal Pictures and Waverly Films)
 Did You Hear About the Morgans? (with Columbia Pictures and Castle Rock Entertainment)
2010
 The Invited
 The Spy Next Door (with Lions Gate Films)
 Dear John (with Screen Gems)
 The Wolfman (with Universal Pictures)
 Green Zone (with Universal Pictures, StudioCanal and Working Title Films)
 MacGruber (with Rogue Pictures)
 The Bounty Hunter (with Columbia Pictures and Original Film)
 Repo Men (with Universal Pictures)
 Nanny McPhee Returns (with Universal Pictures, Working Title movies and StudioCanal)
 Robin Hood (with Universal Pictures, Imagine Entertainment and Scott Free Productions)
 Get Him to the Greek (with Universal Pictures, Spyglass Entertainment and Apatow Productions)
 Grown Ups (with Columbia Pictures and Happy Madison Productions)
 Salt (with Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Original Film and DiBonaventura Productions)Films
 Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (with Universal Pictures and Big Talk Films)
 Charlie St. Cloud (with Universal Pictures)
 The Social Network (with Columbia Pictures)
 My Soul to Take
 Skyline
 The Fighter (with Paramount Pictures; US distribution only)
2011
 Season of the Witch
 Sanctum (with Universal Pictures and Wayfare Entertainment)
 Paul (with Universal Pictures, Working Title Films and Big Talk Films)
 Limitless
 Battle: Los Angeles (with Columbia Pictures and Original movie)
 Hop (with Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment)
 Bridesmaids (with Universal Pictures and Apatow Productions)
 Cowboys & Aliens (with Columbia Pictures, Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures, DreamWorks Pictures, Amblin Entertainment, Imagine Entertainment, DiBonaventura Productions and Platinum Studios)
 The Change-Up (with Universal Pictures and Original Film)
 Tower Heist (with Universal Pictures and Imagine Entertainment)
 Johnny English Reborn (with Universal Pictures, StudioCanal and Working Title Films)
 Anonymous (with Columbia Pictures and Centropolis Entertainment)
 Immortals
2012
 Mirror Mirror
 Haywire
 21 and Over
 House at the End of the Street
 Contraband (co-production with Universal Pictures and Working Title Films)
 21 Jump Street (co-production with Columbia Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures and Original Film)
 Wanderlust (co-production with Universal Pictures and Apatow Productions)
 Safe House (co-production with Universal Pictures)
 American Reunion (co-production with Universal Pictures)
 The Five-Year Engagement (co-production with Universal Pictures and Apatow Productions)
 That's My Boy (co-production with Columbia Pictures and Happy Madison Productions)
 Savages (co-production with Universal Pictures)
 The Bourne Legacy (co-production with Universal Pictures and The Kennedy/Marshall Company)

References 

American movie studios
West Hollywood, California
Companies based in California
2004 establishments in California
Text to speech (TTS) is the use of software to create a sound output in the form of a spoken voice. The program that is used by programs to change text on the page to an audio output of the spoken voice is normally a text to speech engine. Blind people, people who do not see well, and people with reading disabililties can rely on good text-to-speech systems. That way they can listen to pieces of the text. TTS engines are needed for an audio output of machine translation results.

Up until about 2010, there was the analytic approach: This approach uses multiply steps to convert the text to speech. Usually, an input text is transformed into phonetic writing. Thgis says how the words are pronounced, and not how they are writen.In the phonetic writing, phonemes can be identified. The system can then produce speech by putting togethewr prerecorded or synthesized diphones. A problem is to make the language flow sound natural, what linguists call prosody.
As of 2022, deep learning is used. To get a good result, neural networks are trained with many  good samples. 

Historically, the first systems for speech synthesis used formants. Industrial Systems today, mostly use signal processing.

History
Long before there was electronic signal processing, people tried to build machines that were capable of  producing human speech. Gerbert of Aurillac (the future Pope Sylvester II) is saidf to have constructed a talking head  which was able to say yes, and no, in the year 1003. Albertus Mahnus  (1198–1280) and Rogeer BVacon  (1214–1294) are also said to have constructed machines, but no records survive. Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein (1723-1795) built a machine in 1779, that was able to produce long vocals (a,e,i,o,u). He used modified organ pipes for his machine. The machine was called speech organ. Wolfgang von Kempelen started to develop a speech machine. In 1791, he published a paper "Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache nebst der Beschreibung seiner sprechenden Maschine" (Mechanism of human language, besides description of its speaking-machine). Like Kempele's machine it use a set of bellows to emulate the lungs
. Unlike Katzensein, he only used a mechanism with a single pipe, which is more like the human vocal tract. Other than vocals, it could produce plosives, and some fricatives. Attached to theser "vocal chords" was a formable leather tube. Von Kempelen wrote:
"in einer Zeit von drei Wochen eine bewundernswerte Fertigkeit im Spielen erlangen, besonders wenn man sich auf die lateinische, französische oder italienische Sprache verlegt, denn die deutsche ist [aufgrund der häufigen Konsonantenbündel] um vieles schwerer." (gain an admirable skill in playing in a time of three weeks, especially if you go for Latin, French, or Italian, because German is much more difficult [due to the frequent consonant bundles].)

In 1837, Charles Wheatsone built a speaking machine following this principle, a copy can be found in the Deutsche Museum.In 1857, Jospeh Faber built Euphonia, which also uses this principle. 

At the end of the 19th century, the focus changed: People no longer wanted to build copies of the vocal system, they wanted to simulate vocal space. Hermann von Helmholtz(1821-1895) used specially tuned forks to create vowels. The resonant frequencies are called formants. Combining different formants to generate speech was mainstream until the mid 1990s.