Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Cathedral of Solsona is a cathedral in Solsona, Catalonia, Spain. The apse, in Roman style, probably dates from the twelfth century.

References

 Monestirs de Catalunya. Catedral de Solsona

Other websites

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Buildings and structures in Catalonia
12th-century buildings and structures
Vic Cathedral (, ), officially the Cathedral of St. Peter the Apostle (, ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Vic, Catalonia, Spain. It is the seat of the Diocese of Vic.

It has a mix of Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassic styles.

Other websites

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Buildings and structures in Catalonia
10th-century buildings and structures
Neanderthal 1 is the name of the first fossil found that was clearly identified as a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis). Sometimes this fossil is also called Feldhofer 1, but that name is less common.

It is not the first fossil found of a Neanderthal, but before this find, the importance of the fossils was unclear. The fossil is part of a skull, with a fragment of the left temporal bone, part of the right scapula (shoulder blade), the right clavicle, both humeri (bones in the upper arm), one radius (a bone in the forearm), both ulnae (another bone in the forearm), five ribs, an almost complete half pelvis, and both femurs.
Studies done in 1999 included a radiocarbon dating of the bones: The bones were fouund to be about 39.900 ± 620 years old. This means this Neanderthal was from one of the last Neanderthal populations in Europe. In the 1990s and 2000s, bones from two other Neanderhals were found nearby, they are called Neanderthal 2 and Neanderthal 3 respectively. Neanderthal 2 has the same age, but a lighter build. Neanderthal 3 was probably a teenager.

Neanderthal 1 was male. At the time of death, he was between 40 and 42 years old.

References

Hominins
The Gall–Peters projection is an equal-area map projection. It cannot be used to navigate with. It is a map style that has areas near the equator appear to be smaller than they are. Those areas closer to the poles appear larger. It was named after James Gall and Arno Peters. A controversy came up in the late 20th century about the political implications of map design. Maps based on this projection are promoted by UNESCO. They are also widely used by British schools.The Gall-Peters projection was Made in 1885 but publiched by Arno Peters in 1974.

References 

Map projections
Elin Gunhild "Gullan" Bornemark (born Bohlin; 28 November 1927 in Härnösand, Sweden) is a Swedish musician, lyricist and composer. Between 1951 and 2007, she was also active as a music teacher.

Famous songs
Herr Gårman
Lillebror (1964)
Min ponny
Sudda sudda
Är du vaken Lars?
Skojiga valpen (also known as "Valpen min")

References 

1927 births
Living people
20th-century composers
21st-century composers
Swedish songwriters
Swedish musicians
Teachers
Mad Money is a 2008 criminal-comedy thriller movie. Diane Keaton plays Bridget. Katie Holmes plays Jackie. Queen Latifah plays Nina.

The movie received mixed to negative reviews from the critics. It was released on January 18, 2008.

2008 comedy movies
2008 crime movies
2000s criminal comedy movies
2008 thriller movies
American criminal comedy movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Female buddy movies
Kansas City, Missouri
Movies set in Missouri
The Cathedral of Sigüenza () is a cathedral in Guadalajara, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931. It is built in Romanesque and Gothic style.
The cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara.

References

Other websites

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Castile-La Mancha
12th-century buildings and structures
The Co-cathedral of Santa María de la Fuente la Mayor () is a co-cathedral  in Guadalajara, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1941.

References

Other websites

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Province of Guadalajara
14th-century buildings and structures
John Felix August Körling, born 17 December 1864, in Kristdala, Sweden, dead 8 January 1937 in Halmstad, Sweden, was a Swedish composer, church musician and music teacher. He was the brother of Sven Körling and son of August Körling. Felix Körling also wrote children's songs.

References 

1864 births
1937 deaths
Swedish musicians
John Olof "Olle" Widestrand, born 9 July 1932, dead 25 March 2018, was a Swedish parish-musician, teacher and composer. He is represented in Den svenska psalmboken 1986 with two works (number 61 and 90) and several other hymnals with one hymn. He has written several children's songs and published songbooks and educational materials for schools. He lived in the town of Jönköping until his death.

Hymns
 Blott i det öppna (1986 number 90), lyrics by Britt G. Hallqvist set to music 1974 by Olle Widestrand and re-wirtten by himself 1980
 Det är advent = Ett litet barn av Davids hus in several hymnals
 Lågorna är många (1986 number 61), set to music in 1974, lyrics by Anders Frostenson.

References 

1932 births
2018 deaths
Swedish musicians
Swedish composers
Britt Gerda Hallqvist, born Nyman 14 February 1914 in Umeå, Sweden, dead 20 March 1997 in Lund, Sweden was a Swedish hymnwriter, poet and translator. Her grandfather was medical professor Salomon Eberhard Henschen and she was also the cousin of neurology professor David H. Ingvar and his sister Cilla Ingvar.

References 

1914 births
1997 deaths
Swedish poets
Swedish translators
People from Umeå
The Archbishop's Palace of Alcalá de Henares (Spanish: Palacio Arzobispal de Alcalá de Henares) is a palace in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. It was listed as a Spanish Property of Cultural Interest in 1931.

References 

Palaces in Spain
Community of Madrid
Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821) was the first native-born citizen of the United States to be made a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. She was canonized on September 14, 1975. 

Seton started the first Catholic school in the country. This school was at Emmitsburg, Maryland. She also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters. It is called the Sisters of Charity.

Life

Elizabeth Ann Bayley was born on August 28, 1774. She was the second child of Dr. Richard Bayley and Catherine Charlton of New York City. They were Protestants. 

On January 25, 1794, at age 19, Elizabeth married William Magee Seton, aged 25. He was a wealthy businessman. They had five children. William Seton brought the first Stradivarius violin to America.
Seton's husband died in Italy on December 27, 1803. Seton learned about Roman Catholicism in Italy. After she came back to the United States, she joined the Catholic Church. She was received on March 14, 1805 by the Rev. Matthew O'Brien, pastor of St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, New York.

In 1809, Seton moved to Emmitsburg, Maryland. A year later she started the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School. That school was dedicated to the education of Catholic girls.

On July 31, Elizabeth established a religious community in Emmitsburg. This community took care of poor children. This was the first congregation of religious sisters to be founded in the United States. Its school was the first free Catholic school in America. This was the start of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States.
Seton spent the rest of her life developing her religious community. She died of tuberculosis on January 4, 1821. She was 46. Her remains are in the National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton in Emmitsburg, Maryland.

References

People from New York City
Christian saints
1774 births
1821 deaths
Per Allan Magnus Claësson Uggla (pronounced ; born June 18, 1954 in Stockholm) is a Swedish artist, composer, actor, and occasional radio host. He is known for songs with satirical lyrics. Breaking through in the 1970s, in 2006, he released his 13th studio album.

References

Other websites

Official Magnus Uggla website

1954 births
Living people
Singers from Stockholm
Musicians from Stockholm
Writers from Stockholm
Carl Bertil Agnestig, originally Andersson, born 7 March 1924 in Järvsö Parish, Sweden, is a Swedish music teacher and composer.

He is known for music-instruction books and has written several songs, one of the more well-known is Adventstid. He's represented in Den svenska psalmboken 1986 with two works, (nr 214 b and 443).

References

1924 births
Living people
Swedish composers
Swedish musicians
Methods of Mayhem is an American heavy metal band formed in 1999.

Discography
Studio albums
 Methods of Mayhem (1999)
 A Public Disservice Announcement (2010)

1999 establishments in California
2000 disestablishments in the United States
American heavy metal bands
20th-century disestablishments in California
2009 establishments in California
Pearl Iva Edith Withers (July 7, 1917 – October 7, 2014) was a Canadian-born American actress and singer. She was best known as a replacement player who had long runs in some of Rodgers and Hammerstein's biggest musical theatre hits. 

She also appeared in Carousel, South Pacific and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. Withers was born in Rivers, Manitoba, Canada.

Withers died in Englewood, New Jersey at age 97 on October 7, 2014 at the Lillian Booth Actors Home.

References

Other websites
 

1917 births
2014 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Canadian stage actors
American stage actors
Actors from Manitoba
The Ghost Festival, also called the Hungry Ghost Festival, is held on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month. Both Buddhists and Taoists celebrate this festival. The belief is that the gate to the underworld opens on the first day of the seventh lunar month. This month is regarded as the Ghost Month. All of the ghosts and spirits are released from hell. They are free to wander for the whole month. People hold ceremonies to welcome the ghosts and spirits.

History 
Traditionally, the Chinese call Ghost Festival "Chung-yuan Festival". Taoists believe it is the birthday of Yenlo Wang, the Demon King. In the first half of the 6th century AD it became a Buddhist festival. It has kept the same form since then. During the 20th century Republican and Communist governments saw this as a relic of the past.  The People’s Republic of China did not allow public religious celebrations including ghost festivals. But reforms in the 1970s allowed these festivals to return.

Traditional Rituals
The Offering Ritual 
The offering ritual is the most important part of the celebration. People arrange long tables in front of the houses and temples. This is for offering food to ghosts. At the height of the celebration priests toss food and candy in the air. This is to feed the hungry ghosts. Children, and sometimes adults, scramble to gather the sweets. People also offer the ghosts incense, paper clothes and "spirit money".

Salvation Lanterns 
Salvation lanterns are used to guiding the wandering spirits and evil ghosts. They are placed at the doors of homes and temples. The lanterns are set up on the last day of the end of the sixth lunar month. They are lit at midnight each night during Ghost month. When the gates to the ghost world are closed, the lanterns are put away.
Releasing Water Lanterns  
Water lanterns are for the water ghosts who died from drowning. They illuminate the waterways to bring ghosts up to the celebrations. This allows the ghosts from the underworld and underwater are able to be in the same space peacefully.

Stealing the Lone Object 
The stealing the lone object activity is called “Chiang-Gu”. This is celebrated in Yi-Lan. Competitors climb up a tall tower to reach a prize. The game was banned for some time due to people falling and being injured or killed. In 1991 the game was brought back.

Closing the gate of the underworld 
On the first day of the eighth month in the lunar calendar the gates to the temples are closed. This represents the end of the Ghost month. It is the time for the wandering souls to go back to the underworld. A Taoist priest uses a sword to expel away the wandering soul. He shuts the gate of the underworld in the northeast position, and brings the event to a successful close.
Ghost festivals are celebrated across Asia. This includes China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Japan. It is also celebrated by many of the 34 million Chinese who live overseas.

References

Other websites 
 Hungry Ghost Festival..., Huffington Post
 Hungry Ghost Festival Singapore
 In pictures: Hungry Ghost Festival, BBC News
 Hungry Ghost Festival in Malaysia,  USA Today

Festivals in China
Peter A. Peyser (September 7, 1921 – October 9, 2014) was an American politician. He was a United States Representative from New York. He served as representative from 1971 to 1977 as a Republican and from 1979 to 1983 as a Democrat.

On October 9, 2014, he died of Parkinson's disease. He was 93.

References

1921 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
United States representatives from New York (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Leif Bloms was a dansband in Växjö in Sweden. The band scored chart successes at the Swedish album chart during the mid-late 1970's. On 31 December 1995 the band was disbanded after singing and playing together for almost 40 years. Starting with the 1981 album Håll dig kvar, the band's singer was Mona Gustafsson, who wrote the band's 1992 song Dej ska jag älska all min tid which won the 1992 Hänt song contest in Älvsjö. After the band was disbanded, Mona Gustafsson, Patrik Ahlm and René Saulesco founded another dansband, Mona G:s orkester.

Members

From start
Åke Blom - guitar
Leif Blom - keyboard
Simon Blom - bass
Later members
Gert Blom - trumpet, guitar, keyboard
Mona Gustafsson - vocals (1981-1995)
Svend Erik Hansèn - bass
Peo Henriksson - bass, vocals
Peter Heigis - drums
Madeleine Käll - vocals
Kenneth Karlsson - drums
C A Olsson - drums
Egon Olsson - drums
Ingrid Jones - vocals
Lisbeth Magnusson - vocals
Ulf Lindstrand - drums, vocals
Carina Jönsson - vocals
Olle Hallstedt - drums, vocals
Stefan Svensson - bass
Renè Saulesco - drums, violin, vocals
Patrik Ahlm - bass, vocals

Discography
Discography

Album
Leif Bloms orkester - 1973
På världens tak - 1974
Vilken härlig fest - 1975
Här igen - 1976
Hem till dej - 1977
Amore - 1977
En souvenir - 1977
Vem får din sång - 1979
Cindy - 1979
Jul för dig och mig - 1980
Håll dig kvar - 1981
Jubileumsalbum - 1983
Som en saga - 1984
Alltid på väg - 1986
Härligt ljusblåa ögon - 1988
Bara för en stund (samling) - 1988
Årets skiftningar - 1990
Vilken underbar värld: 12 instrumentala önskemelodier - 1992
Dej ska jag älska all min tid - 1993
Det bästa som hänt (samling) - 1993
En ring av guld (samling) - 1994
Leif Bloms 20 bästa (samling) - 1997
Nu och för alltid (samling) - 2008
Singles
En liten gnista/Min lyckostjärna - 1968
Lat oss slå på stora trumman/Nei jag kandig ej förlåta - 1968
Om sanningen ska fram/Låt oss möta sommaren - 1968
Det var du som stal mitt hjärta Carl Johan/Vill du vinna mig tillbaka - 1969
Snart är våren här/Ta mej hem till din mamma - 1970
Ticke ticke tong/Vilken underbar dag i dag - 1971
Då föddes kärleken/Trumpetens sång - 1971
Alla har vi våra drömmar/Klockornas sång - 1972
Gotländsk sommarnatt/En tidlös dröm - 1974
Vi ha glädjen tillsammans/Petter och Frida - 1974
En gunga för två/En sommarnatt - 1975
Vilken härlig fest/Säg fröken får jag en dans - 1975
Du dansar verkligt bra/När sommaren kommer - 1976
Vid mitt fönster/Angelique - 1977
Vem får din sång/Substitud - 1978
Oh Susie bara vi två vet/Yours - 1979
Släng dej i väggen/Om du stannar kvar - 1988
Ännu en gång/Finns det tro finns det hopp - 1991
Jag vill ha dej för mig själv/En enda vår - 1990 
Jag sjunger för dej/När jag kysste lärar'n - 1991
Stopp stanna upp/Tid att förstå - 1991
Dej ska jag älska all min tid/Öppna ett fönster/Ensam med dig - 1992
Det bästa som hänt/Det finns ingenting att hämta/Om du ser i mina ögon - 1993
En ring av guld/Om du ser i mina ögon - 1994
Melodier på Svensktoppen
Då föddes kärleken - 1971 (with Gert Blom)
Jag ska ta morfar med mig ut i kväll - 1977
Nu och för alltid - 1993
Det bästa som har hänt - 1993
En ring av guld - 1994

References 

1956 establishments in Sweden
1995 disestablishments in Sweden
Dansbands
Mona G:s orkester was a dansband in Växjö, Sweden, founded in 1996 in that town by Mona Gustafsson, Patrik Ahlm and René Saulesco, former members of Leif Bloms, which had been disbanded on 31 December 1996. The band's first gig was at "Sommarlust" in Kristianstad during the 1996 Epiphany holiday.

Discography

Albums 
"Många vackra stunder" - 2001
"Du finns alltid i mitt hjärta" - 2006
Singles 
"Lite av din tid lite av din kärlek/Ung blåögd och blyg" - 1996
"Med dig är himlen alltid blå/Vägen hem till dig" - 1996
"La Romantica" - 1998
"Vid älvens strand" - 1998
"Aldrig nån som du" - 1999
"Jag hörde änglarna sjunga" - 1999
"Bortom natten finns en dag" - 2001
"Ditt liv är nu" - 2002
"Trivselvarning special" - 2002
"Om så himlen faller ner" - 2003
"Vem ska älska dig som jag" - 2004
"Om du tror att jag glömt" - 2004
"Jag ska inte räkna tårarna" - 2005
"Vem kan älska dig som jag"/"Jag ska inte räkna tårarna" - 2005
"Du finns alltid i mitt hjärta" - 2006
"Inte en dag utan dig (i mina tankar) (radio single) - 2006
"Så länge mina ögon ser" (radio single) - 2007
"Hur kan du tro att jag ska glömma" - 2008

Video 
"La Romantica" - 1998

Svensktoppen songs 
"Med dig är himlen alltid blå" - 1996
"Aldrig nå'n som du" - 1999
"Jag hörde änglarna sjunga" - 1999

Failed to enter chart 
"La Romantica" - 1998

References
References 

1996 establishments in Europe
2009 disestablishments in Europe
Dansbands
1990s establishments in Sweden
2000s disestablishments in Sweden
Fernandoz is a Swedish dansband formed in 1986 in Vitsand, near Torsby. They had a big hit in 1991 entitled with the song "Jag vet att jag vill ha dig". The band won the "svenska dansbandsmästare" award in 1993 and soon begun to appear at Bingolotto. Their most recognized hits include "Guld och gröna skogar", "En dag den sommaren", "När ett hjärta har älskat" Band guitarist Conny Ohlson and singer Anders Nordlund have won a Swedish Grammy "Guldklaven" for their work.

Members
Because of its long existence, the band has seen many changes. 

Present members:
Anders Nordlund (1990-) - Solo singer, bass, guitar, accordion
Tom Manninen (2004-) - Saxophone, guitar, vocals
Kevin B. Nordlund (augusti 2010-) - Keyboards, accordion, vocals
Thomas Wikström (2011-) - Drums, vocals
Earlier members:
Stefan Olsson - Guitar (1986 - 1997)
Erik Strandberg - Keyboards, accordion (1986 - 1990)
Peter Stolpe - Bass (1986 - 1990)
Lars "i vika" Olsson - Drums, vocals (1986 - 1990)
Christer Strandberg - Guitar, vocals (1986 - 1987)
Lars-Inge Bergström - Guitar, vocals (1987 - 1989)
Karl-Olof Werner - Saxophone, guitar, vocals (1989 - 2004)
Per-Olov Olsson - Keyboards, accordion, saxophone, vocals (1991 - 1998)
Martin Säfström - Drums, vocals (1991 - 1992)
Mikael Kvarnlöv - Drums (1992 - 1998)
Kenneth Herrgård - Keyboards, accordion, saxophone, vocals (1998 - 2007)
Peter Månsson - Drums (1998 - 2001)
J-O Ekström - Drums, vocals (2001 - 2002)
Robert Eriksson - Drums (2002 - 2003)
Mattias Berghorn - Drums, vocals (2003 - 2005)
Göran Landberg - Drums (2005 - 2006)
Conny Haglund - Keyboards (2007 - 2008)
Git Persson - Accordion, vocals (2007 - 2009)
Svante Gustavsson - Keyboards, accordion, vocals (2009 - 2010)
Conny Ohlson - Guitar, steel guitar (1997 - 2011)
Discography

Albums
Studio albums

Compilation albums
1995: Mitt liv med dig
1998: När ett hjärta har älskat
2002: En dag den sommaren
2006: Maria Therese
2008: Mest av allt - Fernandoz bästa låtar (Reached number 56 in Swedish Albums Chart)
2009: Upp till dans 11 (Expressens dansbandssatsning 2009)

Singles
1993: "Jag vill ha dig" / "Stand by Me" / "Café Nostalgi" / "What a Wonderful World"
1993: "Radio Luxemburg/Elvis Medley"
1994: "Våga tro på kärleken" / "The Great Pretender" / "Härliga lördag"
1994: "Dina ögon svarar ja" / "Det är dig jag tänker på"
1996: "När alla vindarna vänder" / "Stuck on You"
2000: "Störst av allt är kärleken" / "I kväll så ska det hända"
2001: "Tomma löften" / "Far och son i okänt land"
2001: "Stjärnor ska tändas i natt" / "Rock'N'Roll Crazy"
2003: "Vem får din kärlek i natt" / "I natt jag drömde"
Svensktoppen songs
1995: "Dina ögon svarar ja"
1995: "Mitt liv med dej" with Christina Lindberg
1997: "När alla vindarna vänder"
1997: "När ett hjärta har älskat"
1998-9: "Guld och gröna skogar"
1999: "En dag den sommaren"
1999: "Midnight Rendez-Vous"
2000: "Störst av allt är kärleken"
2001: "Tomma löften"
2002: "Stjärnor ska tändas i natt
Non-charting
1994: "Våga tro på kärleken"
1997: "Livets källa"
2008: "En helt ny dag"

References

Other websites
Official website

Dansbands
Musical groups established in 1986
Helene & gänget was a dansband in Kristianstad in Sweden. It was founded in 1990 by members of the Färmarna dansband. The band broke through in 1995 with the album Segla din båt i hamn. The band broke up in 2002 and its singer Helene Persson begun acting as SR Kristianstad programme host. Famous songs recorded by the band are Segla din båt i hamn, En korg med blommor and Nånstans så finns du.

Members
Helene Persson - vocals (1990-2002)
 Henric Svensson - keyboars (1990-1994)
 Lars Färm - guitar (1990-1996)
Magnus Olsson - drums (1990-2002)
Roland Andersson - bass (1990-2002)
Fredrik Jansson - keyboard, accordion, vocals (1994-1998)
Ulf Nilsson - guitar (1996-1997)
 Mattias Olofsson - guitar (1997-2002)
 Magnus Persson - keyboard, accordion, vocals (1998-2002)

Discography

Albums
Segla din båt i hamn - 1995
Det är du som är livet - 1997
Helene & gänget - 1998
Som ett ljus - 2000

Compilation albums
Stå på egna ben - 1996
Gløm inte bort - 1998
Nånstans så finns du - 2001

EP's
Strunta i etiketten - 1993
Singles
Sticka iväg/Vinden har vänt - 1990
Jag sjunger för dej (I Write You a Love Song) - 1991
Enkel resa/Jag sjunger för dej (I Write You a Love Song) - 1991
Vindens sång/drömmar av guld - 1993
Segla din båt i hamn/Om du ger mig tid - 1994
Nyckeln till mitt hjärta/Rätt eller fel - 1997
En korg med blommor/Om man tar varje dag som den kommer - 1997
Över land, över hav/En man för en kvinna som jag - 2001
Så speglas kärleken/Fågel, fisk & mittemellan - 2002

Svensktoppen songs
Varje morgondag - 1994
Segla din båt i hamn - 1995
Stå på egna ben - 1995
Glöm inte bort - 1996-1997
En korg med blommor - 1997
Det är du som är livet - 1997
Mitt livs lyckligaste sommar - 1998
En enda fråga - 1999
Som ett ljus - 1999-2000
En liten, liten bit - 2000
Låt ödet styra - 2000
Nånstans så finns du - 2000
Över land, över hav - 2001
Så speglas kärleken - 2002

Failed to enter Svensktoppen 
Jag sjunger för dig -1991
Drömmar av guld-1992
Du får mig att längta - 1998

References

Other websites
 Helene & gänget
2002 disestablishments in Europe
Dansbands
Musical groups established in 1990
1990 establishments in Sweden
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
2000s disestablishments in Sweden
Sarracenia ( or ) is a genus of 8 to 11 species of carnivorous plants. They are often called trumpet pitchers.  The genus is in the family Sarraceniaceae. That family also contains  Darlingtonia and Heliamphora.

In the wild, Sarracenia grows around the East Coast of the United States, Texas, the Great Lakes area and southeast Canada.  Most species grow only in the southeast United States. Only S. purpurea can live in cold places. The plant's leaves have evolved into a funnel in order to trap insects. The plant digests its food with proteases and other enzymes.

Ericales
Carnivorous plants
Janice "Jan" Hooks (April 23, 1957 – October 9, 2014) was an American actress and comedian. She was best known for her work on NBC's Saturday Night Live (SNL). She starred in SNL from 1986 to 1991. She was also known for her roles in Designing Women, 3rd Rock From the Sun, The Simpsons, and in Batman Returns. 

Hooks died on October 9, 2014 in Woodstock, New York from non-chemo reactive throat cancer, aged 57.

References

Other websites
 
 Notice of death of Jan Hooks, tmz.com; October 9, 2014; accessed October 9, 2014
 "SNL" sketch - Jan Hooks as Bette Davis in a videotaped reading of her will, NBC.com; accessed October 9, 2014

1957 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Comedians from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Decatur, Georgia
Karen Lewis  (June 26, 1953 – February 7, 2021) was an American Chicago Public Schools teacher and labor leader.  She was the president of the Chicago Teachers Union from 2010 to 2014. She was a former King College Prep High School and Lane Technical High School chemistry teacher. She was a teacher for 22 years.

Lewis was considering running for Mayor of Chicago in 2015. In July 2014 poll, Lewis defeated Emanuel in a hypothetical electoral contest by 45-36 . She decided not to run for mayor due to health issues and endorses Chuy Garcia.

On October 9, 2014, Lewis was hospitalized for a "serious illness". At the time, no further details about Lewis' health have been revealed. On October 13, a source confirmed that Lewis had been diagnosed with glioblastoma. 

Lewis died from problems caused by the cancer in Chicago on February 7, 2021 at the age of 67.

References

1953 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from glioblastoma
American teachers
American labor leaders
Cancer deaths in Chicago
Educators from Chicago
Sphagnum is a genus of about 120 species of mosses. Sphagnum moss can store water. Both living and dead plants can soak up water. Each sphagnum plant can hold up to 1 billion times as much water as their dry weight, depending on the species.

Sphagnum helps make peat bogs in temperate wetlands.

References 

Bryophytes
Keiunta Denard Span (born February 27, 1984) is an American professional baseball player for the Tampa Bay Rays. He is an outfielder. He has also played for the Minnesota Twins, Washington Nationals, and the San Francisco Giants.

Span bats and throws left-handed. He is also one of the top defensive players.

References

Living people
1984 births
Minnesota Twins players
San Francisco Giants players
Washington Nationals players
Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
African-American baseball players
Five Nights at Freddy’s (FNaF) is an indie survival horror video game. It was made by Scott Cawthon and is powered by Clickteam Fusion. The first game was released August 8, 2014. The game takes place in the fictional pizza restaurant, Freddy Fazbear’s Pizza. The player acts as a night security guard with the aim of keeping safe from the animatronic animal characters that are stated to be "malfunctioning" (though later games imply a more supernatural reason). To complete the levels of the game called Nights -  the player must keep the antagonists away from the guard's office, using mechanical doors, lights, and a CCTV camera panel. The animatronic characters in the first game of the series are named Freddy Fazbear, Bonnie, Chica, Foxy and Golden Freddy.
In November 2014, a prequel, Five Nights at Freddy's 2 was released. In 2015, Five Nights at Freddy's 3 and Five Nights at Freddy's 4 were released. A Five Nights at Freddy's RPG called FNAF World was released on 2016. A fifth game, Five Nights at Freddy's: Sister Location was released the same year. A feature-changing game called Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator was made in 2017. In 2018, yet another game was released called Ultimate Custom Night featuring almost every character from the series, including some fan characters. In 2019, Five Nights at Freddy's: Help Wanted was released with it’s own DLC 'Five Nights at Freddy's: Curse of Dreadbear' which included scenarios with animatronics. In 2021, the massive project Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach was made with the help from Steel Wool Studios being an Open world game. 

See all of Five Nights at Freddy's titled media here.
The game series has a complicated and heavily hidden storyline that has sparked thousands of fan-made theories around the world, with the main goal being a reliable "timeline" of the events and characters in the series. Tons of lore and timeline secrets are yet to be discovered. Thousands of fan's have tried to figure out what all the secrets are and trying to "solve" FNAF, most famously MatPat from the YouTube channel Game Theory, who has been FnaF theorizing for nearly 10 years.

References

Other websites
FNAF 

2014 video games
Five Nights at Freddy's
Castres can refer to:
Castres, Aisne, a commune in the department of Aisne region of Picardie, in France.
Castres, Tarn, a commune in the department of Tarn region of Midi-Pyrénées, in France.
Castres-Gironde, a commune in the department of Gironde region of Aquitaine, in France.
Arrondissement of Castres, an arrondissement in the department of Tarn region of Midi-Pyrénées, in France.
Eutelic organisms have a fixed number of somatic cells when they reach maturity. The exact number is constant for any one species. Development proceeds by cell division until maturity; further growth occurs by cell enlargement only.

Most eutelic organisms are small or even microscopic: examples include the nematodes like ascaris, gastrotrichs, rotifers, tardigrades and dicyemida.

Other websites 
List of eutelic animals and other eutelic websites

Cell biology
Developmental biology
Hypnagogia is the state of mind that exists between being awake and sleep, or just after waking up.

People in this state may have experiences that resemble hallucinations, but are not. The person usually knows that it is not real, but very often nothing can be done against it. Most of these pseudohallucinations are visual experiences.

Other experiences that may happen are sleep paralysis and lucid dreams. All of these symptoms happen because of the changes that occur in the brain, and they are not linked to a disease.

The writings of Aristotle already talk  about hypnagogia. In more recent centuries, many authors have referred to the state. Edgar Allan Poe, for example, wrote of the "fancies" he experienced "only when I am on the brink of sleep, with the consciousness that I am so".

Serious scientific inquiry began in the 19th century with Johannes Peter Müller, Jules Baillarger and Alfred Maury, and continued into the 20th century with Leroy.
With electroencephalography (EEG) in the mid 20th century, detecting such a state has become easier.

References 

Cognition
Sleep
The Church of la Magdalena () is a Gothic-style church in Torrelaguna, central Spain. It was listed as Spain's national heritage listing in 1983. The bell tower in this church was built in the 15th century, and was commissioned by cardinal Cisneros.

Gallery

References 

Madrid
Gothic architecture
"Jenny from the Block" is a song performed by American singer Jennifer Lopez. The song is a contemporary R&B and old school hip hop song. The single is about not changing despite having a fortune and being famous, and never forgetting where one came from. 

The song was released on September 26, 2002. It hit #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song got mixed reviews from critics. It was a commercial success.

2002 songs
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
Jennifer Lopez songs
A receptor antagonist is a biological repressor molecule. A receptor antagonist slows down the cell by stopping some of the cell reactions by clogging up the areas that make the cell work. They are sometimes called blockers, such as beta blockers. An antagonist is a ligand which blocks or dampens a biological effect. It acts against an agonist. They may block enzymes or passages through cell membranes.

They are part of the homeostatic system which regulates the body physiology. Some are made for pharmaceutical uses.

Drugs
Biochemistry
"If You Had My Love" is the debut single by Jennifer Lopez released on April 19, 1999 from Lopez' debut album On the 6. The lyrics are about Lopez making rules for her lover before starting a relationship. The song was number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in June 1999.

References

1999 songs
Debut singles
Pop songs
R&B songs
Jennifer Lopez songs
Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Valeri Yevgenievich Karpov (, 5 August 1971 – 10 October 2014) was an Russian ice hockey player. He played in the Soviet Hockey League and National Hockey League.  He competed for Traktor Chelyabinsk and HC CSKA Moscow in Russia before moving to North America.

In the summer of 2014, during a fight in his house he took a hit to the head. Afterwards, he had a bad fall that resulted in a coma. He underwent two trepanning surgeries, but did not regain consciousness. He died on 10 October 2014.

References

1971 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
American Hockey League players
Baltimore Bandits players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Russian ice hockey right wingers
Edward Charles "Ed" Nimmervoll (21 September 1947 – 10 October 2014), was an Austrian-born Australian rock music journalist, author and historian. He worked with rock magazines Go-Set (1966–1974) and Juke Magazine (1975–92) both as a journalist and as an editor.

Nimmervoll died of brain cancer on 10 October 2014, at the age of 67.

References

1947 births
2014 deaths
Australian journalists
Australian writers
Deaths from brain cancer
Australian historians
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Lassa fever or Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF) is a fever caused by the Lassa virus. It is common in West Africa. One in 80 people who get Lassa fever will die. Some cases are severe and require going to a hospital. These cases have a death rate of 1 in 5. Lassa Fever was discovered in 1969 after two nurses died from the disease. It was named for the town in Borno State, Nigeria where it was first diagnosed.

How people get Lassa fever 

Lassa fever is transmitted from rodents to humans. It is caused by direct contact with rodent droppings. It can also be transmitted by humans to other humans by their blood. Lassa fever is common in West and Central Africa (around the equator).
Lassa fever cannot be transmitted by breathing. It is not very contagious between humans. However it is much more contagious among seriously ill patients. Lassa fever is transmitted by humans through skin lesions, mucous that is exposed to the virus, or by a patient's blood. This means healthcare workers (such as doctors and nurses) need to be especially careful in treating patients, or they risk getting the virus themselves.

Symptoms of Lassa fever 
In 80% of cases, the disease does not have any symptoms and does not make people ill. In the other 20% of cases it shows symptoms and becomes much more severe. About 5,000 people die from it each year.

In infected patients, the disease has an incubation period of 5 days to 3 weeks. During this time, the virus remains dormant and does not cause harm. After this time various symptoms begin to appear including:

 Vomiting (with blood)
 Diarrhea (with blood)
 Nausea
 Stomach ache
 Constipation
 Difficulty Swallowing
 Coughing
 Seizures
Diagnosis and treatment 
In  laboratories, there are many ways to test if a patient has Lassa fever. However, in many of the affected regions, there is no equipment to do the tests. This means sometimes people may not be correctly tested and identified with having Lassa fever.

If a patient is diagnosed with Lassa fever, then the patient will be kept away from other people, to prevent the spread of the virus. If found early, it is possible to treat Lassa fever with the medicine Ribavirin. Despite the fact the drug is relatively cheap, the medicine is still considered expensive for many people in affected regions. Patients may also require blood transfusions and rehydration.

Pregnant women in their 3rd trimester may need their baby's birth to be induced to allow them to have a chance of survival.

Due to the use of Ribavirin, fewer people are dying from Lassa fever.

Prevention
Prevention 

It is not practical to control the amount of rodents in the affected states. Therefore the best way of prevention is to keep rodents out of houses and public areas to prevent people coming into contact with infected droppings. Infected patients should also be isolated to prevent the spread of the virus (by humans to other humans). In rich countries, diseases such as Lassa fever can be easily monitored by public health organisations to prevent outbreaks. Poor countries often cannot afford these services

There is a vaccine which has shown promise in primates. It has not yet been proved effective in humans.

References

Other websites
 WHO factsheet
 CDC info—viral fevers
 Health Protection Agency - viral haemorrhagic fevers 
 Merlin
 Map
 Emerging Infectious Diseases, CDC 

Diseases caused by viruses
Muhammad Jalal-ud-din also known as Jalal Baba (1910-1981) was an activist and political leader of the All India Muslim League. He was born in Abbottabad District in British India. He was active from 1935 and 1936 onwards in the Pakistan Movement.

The Jalal Baba Auditorium in Abbottabad city, now in Pakistan, is named after him.

References

1901 births
1918 deaths
Leaders of All India Muslim League
Abbottabad District
Per Almar Aas (11 June 1929 – 18 May 2014) was a Norwegian politician. He was for the Christian Democratic Party. He was born in Ballangen.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Troms in 1973, and was re-elected on three occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1969–1973.

On the local level he was a member of Harstad municipal council from 1967 to 1971. From 1971 to 1975 he was a member of Troms county council. He chaired the county party chapter from 1970 to 1973, and was a member of the national party board from 1970 to 1973 and 1985 to 1999.
 
Outside of politics he started his career as a manual laborer in Ballangen (1945–1950), Snåsa (1951), Ørsta (1951–1952) and Volda (1952–1953). In 1969 he settled in Harstad to become a school teacher.

Aas died in Oslo, Norway, aged 84.

References

1929 births
2014 deaths
Norwegian politicians
Pauline Cynthia Wagner (August 18, 1910 – May 2, 2014) was an American actress and glamour girl. She had minor roles in the 1930s. She made her debut in King of Jazz in 1930. 

Her first big role was in College Lovers. She was Fay Wray's back-up in King Kong in 1933. She had small parts in Lady Killer and Mr. Deeds Goes to Town. She worked for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and RKO. Her movie career ended in 1941. 

Wagner died in Glendale, California on May 2, 2014, aged 103.

References

Other websites
 
 Pauline Wagner at the American Film Institute
Fay Wray's Stunt Double Remembers the Big Ape NBC Los Angeles interview with Pauline Wagner

1910 births
2014 deaths
American movie actors
Models from Oklahoma
American centenarians
Actors from Oklahoma
Kailash Satyarthi (born 11 January  1954) is an Indian children's rights activist. He founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save the Childhood Movement) in 1980. He has acted to protect the rights of 80,000 children.

He was awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Malala Yousafzai, "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".

References

1954 births
Living people
Indian activists
Shirin Ebadi ( Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist. She is the founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her "significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights". She was the first ever Iranian to receive the prize.

References

Other websites

 Shirin Ebadi at the Nobel Prize website
 Shirin Ebadi's autobiography on the Nobel Prize website
 Shirin Ebadi's Nobel lecture
 Nobel Women's Initiative

1947 births
Living people
Iranian human rights activists
Judges
Iranian lawyers
The famous Jinnah-Sikandar Pact was an agreement signed between Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, at Lucknow, British India, October 1937.

Background
In 1937 the All India Muslim League was a weak party with very little political strength. It had lost the 1936 general elections in India quite badly. It needed more support from powerful Muslims to make it strong. The party wanted to help Muslims in India get their rights. So, in October 1937, M.A. Jinnah, the main leader of the Muslim League party, invited powerful Muslims to a conference in Lucknow city. One of the most powerful Muslim leaders was Sardar Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, KBE (1892-1942), Premier of the Punjab province and head of the Punjab Unionist Party. He was also invited by Jinnah to this big conference.
Events
At this conference, at first most of the big and powerful Muslim leaders refused to accept Jinnah's request for help. Only Aga Khan III was ready to support him. At this time, Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan thought that it would be bad if the Muslims did not stand united to get their rights. He thought it was time for unity. So, he convinced some other big leaders to join him. These included Sir Saadullah of Assam, Molvi A.K. Fazlul Huq of Bengal, Nawab Sir Hamidullah Khan of Bhopal State and some others. They all went together and told Jinnah that they would support and help the Muslim League. A special agreement or pact was also signed at this time, between Jinnah and Sir Sikandar, called the 'Jinnah-Sikandar Pact'. This pact also said that all the Muslim members of the Punjab Unionist Party could join the Muslim League if they wanted to. Muslim people all over India were very happy to know that now, they had strong support from big leaders.
Effects
The Jinnah-Sikandar Pact was one of the most important documents and agreements of the Pakistan Movement. According to Professor Stanley Wolpert, '...it made Pakistan possible'. The Punjab was the biggest and richest province of British India. It linked together all the other Muslim areas and provinces. After this pact was signed in 1937, the Muslim League was next able to make the famous Pakistan Resolution at Lahore, Punjab, in 1940. And just seven years later, in 1947, an independent Pakistan was finally made.

Syed Amjad Ali, a Muslim leader of Punjab said that 'Thanks to the agreement reached between Jinnah and Sir Sikandar in Lucknow, the dream of Pakistan became real. All Pakistanis today should be thankful to these two great Muslim leaders and their wisdom'.

References

1937
1930s in India
Pakistan Movement
The Khaksar movement was a fanatical political and social movement of British India. It was probably started in 1931 by the genius and leader Inayatullah Mashriqi.

Background
There are different opinions about the Khaksar Movement and its followers (called 'Khaksars'). Some conservative Sunni Muslims in India and Pakistan believe it was a movement to help reform Islam and guide Muslims to a better life. But many other people believe it was a fascist organization which wanted freedom from British regime in India. It wanted to then come to power and set up a secular and real Islamic state, in India.

Organisation
The Khaksars (meaning 'humble persons') used to wear Khaki colored (light brown) uniforms and carry spades all the time. They were very well organized and ready all the time to obey the orders of their leaders.
1940 onwards
In 1940, the Government of the Punjab ordered that the Khaksar leaders should be arrested in Lahore city. But the Khaksars attacked the official police force very violently, and then the police fired back at them killing many. This was called the 'Khaksar massacre of 1940'. In 1947, when Pakistan was finally made the Khaksars Movement closed down for some time. But later on, it started again. It wants to bring an 'Islamic Revolution' there.

References

Partition of India
Indian independence movement
Pakistan Movement
Sunni organizations
Fascism
Terrorism
1931 establishments in Asia
Inayatullah Mashriqi or Inayatullah Khan al-Mashriqi also sometimes called Allama Mashriqi (1888-1963) was an Indian and later Pakistani mathematician, evil genius  and political leader. He was the founder of the fascist Khaksar Movement.

References

1888 births
1963 deaths
People of British India
Pakistani scientists
Fascists
iHeartMedia, Inc. (known in the past as CC Media Holdings, Inc.) is a radio organization that was established in 1972. It was then taken as a private company in 2008. It is the holding company of iHeartCommunications, Inc. (used to be known as Clear Channel Communications). It owns more than 850 AM radio and FM radio stations through the United States alone.

On September 16, 2014, CC Media Holdings changed their name to iHeartMedia, Inc., while Clear Channel Communications became iHeartCommunications, Inc.

References

Other websites
 Offical website 

1972 establishments in the United States
Radio programs
Luxor Temple is an Ancient Egyptian temple, located in modern-day Luxor, which was known as Thebes at the time. The temple was dedicated to the god Amun, his wife Mut, and their son Chons. The temple was built during the time of the New Kingdom. Because some of the stones were re-used, an older monument was probably there beforehand, during the 12th dynasty. Some of the stones of the temple were later re-used to build Abu el-Haggag mosque. 

Together with the Temple at Karnak, Luxor Temple is on the list of World Heritage Sites. 

Note that Luxor Temple is different from the necropolis of Hatshepsut, located in Deir el-Bahari, which is also near Luxor. 

Buildings and structures in Ancient Egypt
Temples
2nd millennium BC buildings and structures
Luxor Governorate
Trace fossils (or ichnofossils) are geological records of biological activity. They are fossils, but not of the living things themselves. Probably the best-known examples are dinosaur trackways.

Trace fossils may be impressions made on the substrate by an organism. Burrows, borings, footprints, feeding marks, and root cavities are examples. The term includes the remains of other organic material produced by an organism  for example coprolites (fossilized droppings) or chemical markers. Stromatolites are sediment structures produced by bacteria. Trace fossils contrast with body fossils, which are the fossilized remains of parts of organisms' bodies, usually altered by later chemical activity or mineralization.

Structures which are not produced by the behaviour of an organism are not considered trace fossils.
The study of traces is called ichnology. Traces reflect the behaviour, not usually not the biological affinity of their makers. They are given their own names in taxonomy, based on their appearance and the implied behaviour of their makers.

Gallery

Related pages 
Ichnology

References 

Fossils
Ichnology
The Lorenz attractor (also called Lorenz system) is a system of equations. Edward N. Lorenz formulated the equations as a simplified mathematical model for atmospheric convection. The equations are ordinary differential equations, called Lorenz equations.  They are notable for having chaotic solutions for certain parameter values and starting conditions. In particular, the Lorenz attractor is a set of chaotic solutions of the Lorenz system which, when plotted, resemble a butterfly or figure eight.

The notion of butterfly effect is coupled with that of the Lorenz attractor. Lorenz first used the phrase in a speech he gave in 1972.

Mathematics
An ordinary differential equation (often shortened to ODE) is a differential equation which contains one free variable, and its derivatives. Ordinary differential equations are used for many scientific models and predictions. The term ordinary is used to differentiate them from partial differential equations, which contain more than one free variable, and their derivatives.

Numerical methods

Since ODEs have appeared in mathematics and physics, many scientists have studied methods to solve them. But unfortunately, no one could establish methods to solve any kind of ODE. Therefore, numerical methods for ODEs are widely studied since the appearance of computers.
Literature
 Arnolʹd, V. I., Ordinary differential equations. Springer.
 Wolfgang Walter, Ordinary differential equations. Springer.
 Logemann, H., & Ryan, E. P. (2014). Ordinary differential equations: Analysis, qualitative theory and control. Springer.
 Hermann, M., & Saravi, M. (2014). A First Course in Ordinary Differential Equations. Analytical and Numerical Methods, Springer India.
 Chicone, C. (2006). Ordinary differential equations with applications. Springer Science & Business Media.

References

Differential equations