Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The New Zealand national football team is the national football team of New Zealand. They are commonly known as the All Whites. In New Zealand, football is often called soccer in spoken English.

FIFA 2010 

In the 2010 FIFA world cup, the All whites played in group F, along with Italy, Paraguay and Slovakia. 
The All Whites played Slovakia to start off with and drew 1-1. The All Whites then played Italy, and surprisingly also drew 1-1, taking all of New Zealand by surprise. NZ then played Paraguay as the deciding match, in this game, Paraguay and New Zealand drew 0-0. This is the first world cup where New Zealand has scored a goal and the first world cup where NZ is undefeated.
The All whites have so much help by the fans, Ricki Herbert and Neil Emblen so I would like to celebrate them for all they have done and support.

References

Oceanian national football teams
Football in New Zealand
National sports teams of New Zealand
Aron Nimzowitsch (7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Jewish Latvian-born Danish chess grandmaster, and a very influential chess writer. He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns.

"As a player he ranked third in the world... from about 1925 to 1930; as an innovator he founded the hypermodern school of chess; as a writer of instructional books he was unrivalled in his time".p272

He wrote an important text on chess strategy called My system: a chess treatise, which is still highly regarded. It is a foundation of modern positional chess, and has been read by most chess masters since then. In it he reacted against the more classical views of Siegbert Tarrasch. Later he wrote Chess praxis (1929), a collection of his games showing his ideas in practice.

Nimzowitsch was the subject of a chess biography by English grandmaster Ray Keene, which was translated into Russian in 1986.

Related pages
Hypermodern

References
References 

1886 births
1935 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Danish Jews
Danish sportspeople
Jewish sportspeople
Latvian chess players
Latvian Jews
People from Riga
Latvian writers
Yoji Mizuguchi (born 20 July 1944) is a former Japanese football player and manager. He has played for Yanmar Diesel.

References
Gainare Tottori

1944 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima
Japanese football managers
Dale's Supermarket Sweep (also Supermarket Sweep) is a UK game show based on the American Supermarket Sweep TV show format. Originally hosted by Dale Winton, it ran for exactly between 1993 & 2001 and then revived 12 February and 31 August 2007 on ITV and then it hosted on ITV2 with Rylan Clark-Neal this time as host since 2019. Between 1993 & 2001 it was filmed at Central's Lenton Lane studios. As of 2007 it is filmed at Maidstone Studios.

Other websites
.
.
Dale's Supermarket Sweep (1993-2001)  at BFI.
Dale's All Star Supermarket Sweep  at BFI.
Dale's Supermarket Sweep (2007)  at BFI.
Dale's Supermarket Sweep at UKGameshows.com.

1993 British television series debuts
2007 British television series endings
2000s British television series
ITV game shows
English-language television programs
The Sims Bustin' Out is a 2003 life simulation game released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy Advance, and N-Gage. It is part of The Sims game series. It is the second Sims game to be released on a console.

Other websites 
The Sims Bustin' Out official EA page 

The Sims
2003 video games
Xbox games
PlayStation 2 games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo GameCube games
Goliath () was a Philistine warrior in the Old Testament. He was the champion of the warriors of town of Gath. The name refers to Greek name Alyattes.

Goliath was unusually large. His height was said to be "six cubits and a span"  - some 290 cm - and he fought as armoured charioteer. The Bible describes how he challenged the Israelite warriors for single-handed duel, but nobody dared to fight with him.

David, who was fourteen years old at this time, finally answered to challenge. He was skilled on use of sling, and he found out a way how he could win him. He accurately slung a stone on Goliath's forehead, just below his helmet. The stone knocked Goliath out. He fell to the ground. David then ran to unconscious Goliath, pulled his sword off the scabbard, and cut his head off. Seeing a fourteen-year-old boy killing their champion, the Philistine army demoralized.
The Dead Sea Scrolls say Goliath's height was a more credible "four cubits and a span", in modern measurements 202 cm. At the era when man's average height was some 160 cm, he would still have looked like a giant.

Old Testament people
Sukoró is a holiday resort in Hungary on the north coast of Lake Velencei and at the south base of Velencei Hills.  The victory at Pákozd-Sukoró in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 established the reputation of the village. The war council before the battle was held in the protected Calvinist Church of Sukoró.

Other websites 
Sukoró.hu

Villages in Hungary
Cyprus is a Mediterranean island off the coasts of Syria and Turkey. It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea; Sicily and Sardinia are larger. It is slightly larger than Puerto Rico. Geographically, it is part of Asia and in the Middle East, but for political reasons, it is sometimes counted as being part of Europe. Cyprus was part of the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years. The Greek god Aphrodite was from Cyprus. There are two states on the island:
 The Republic of Cyprus (internationally recognized) is also part of the European Union. Most of the world considers the whole island to be the Republic of Cyprus. Greek is the most spoken language in the Republic of Cyprus.
 The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the northern part of the island. The only nation that recognizes this entity is Turkey.
These states are separated by a buffer zone, which is controlled by the United Nations. In addition to the two countries, there are Akrotiri and Dhekelia, two territories on the south zone which are under British control, and which are used as military bases. 

The island has been Greek for thousands of years of recorded history, many empires have ruled Cyprus. They include Assyria, ancient Egypt Persia, Alexander the Great, the Roman Empire, the Byzantines, Arab caliphates for a short period, France, the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. Cyprus is often described as an 'unsinkable aircraft carrier' due to its strategic position in the Eastern Mediterranean.

References

 
Phoenician colonies
Kápolnásnyék is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.

History 

The excavations in the surroundings revealed Bronze-Age artefacts, proving that the area was already populated in ancient times.
The name of the settlement originates from the name of the Nyék tribe (coming to Hungary during the settlement of Hungarian tribes).  The first residents probably belonged to a subgroup of the tribe. When István I. defeated Koppány, Nyék became a land of the queen. The name of the settlement is mentioned first in 1193 as Neck. Later the names Kápolnás Nyék, Káposztás Nyék, and Fertőfő Nyék are used to mention this rather insignificant place located between Buda and Fehérvár, which is south of the commercial route. As a border village Kápolnásnyék suffered from double taxation during the Turkish occupation (both Hungary and the Turkish Empire collected taxes). Therefore the population of the village decreased considerably and it even became uninhabited during the Turkish campaign of 1543. The inhabitants returned to the village in 1772.
During the 19th century Upper and Lower Nyék were differentiated, even after 1861, when the Southem  Railway was built. It is mentioned as an independent village first in 1871, to which Pettend was attached in 1898. Mihály Vörösmarty was born here.
The present appearance of the village was formed in the 1930s, when it became a commercial and service background for the booming tourism of Lake Velencei. The phone system, the gendarme patrol, local medical care, the railway station and the mill were established in this period. The settlement suffered serious  injuries in World War II, when the majority of the population also died. The village was also behind in development, compared to other settlements of the region and became a part of Velence by the 1970s.
Kápolnásnyék declared its independence in 1990 and has gone though considerable development since then. It once again became the background for the tourism of Lake Velencei, where commercial service facilities are established and the infrastructure is developing rapidly.

Other websites 
 Kápolnásnyék.hu

Villages in Hungary
Areopagitica is a book written by English poet John Milton in 1644.  He wrote it to protest against censorship. Its full title is Areopagitica: A speech of Mr. John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England. Today, his book is called a tract. In the tract, Milton tries to defend the freedom of expression. Today, many people see it as one of the best defenses of the freedom of press ever written.

The tract is named after a speech by Isocrates, a Greek orator of the 5th century. The Areopagus is a hill in Athens, where many councils and tribunals were held. Isocrates wanted to restore one of these tribunals when he wrote the speech. In the  speech,Milton argued that the Licensing Order of 1643 should be abolished; censorship had not been part of Greek or Roman societies. Milton uses many passages from the Bible to strengthen his argument. Milton had been censored himself when he tried to publish tracts which were in favor of allowing people to get divorced.
In Areopagitica, Milton argues that the status that was there before had worked best: By this law, all publications needed an authors name or that of a publisher. According to Milton, it is easy to find the authors or the publishers with this system. So if anything libelous is published, the books can still be destroyed after the fact.

17th-century books
Non-fiction books
1640s works
Defamation is saying or writing something about another person that hurts their reputation. Usually, when people use the word defamation, it means that the statement is not true.  In this case, it is against the law. A statement that is defamation is called defamatory.

In order to be defamatory, a statement has to claim to be a fact instead of an opinion. For example, saying, "Mr. Jones is mean" cannot be defamatory, because it is someone's opinion. However, if someone says, "Mr. Jones steals candy from children", then the statement is defamatory if it is not true, because it would be a fact, not an opinion.

If a defamatory statement is written, such as in a book or in a newspaper, it is called libel. If it is spoken out loud, it is called slander. Somebody who is the victim of defamation can sue the person who wrote or said it.

Defamation is a tool of bullying.
Defamation laws
Defamation laws are not the same in every country. In most countries it is a civil wrong or tort. In some it is a crime. In many countries the burden of proof is on the person claiming that somebody is defaming them. This means they have to prove that the thing that was said about them is false. However, in England, it is the other way around. If somebody claims that a statement is defamation, the person who made the statement has to prove the statement is true.

References

Types of crime
Sue may mean:

The act of filing a lawsuit
Sue (dinosaur), the largest Tyrannosaurus rex fossil ever found
Seikima-II (read as "seikimatsu", which means "The End of the Century") is a Japanese heavy metal band formed by Damian Hamada in 1982.

Their music could be described as similar to the music of other heavy metal bands like Iron Maiden and Judas Priest.

Japanese heavy metal bands
Hard rock bands
The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North or simply the North, can be a geographic or historical term and definition.

Geographically, the term includes the U.S. states and regions of the United States of America that are located across the northernmost part of the country. It includes, but is not limited to, states along the Canada–United States border.

Census Bureau 
The United States Census Bureau divides some of the northernmost United States into the Midwest Region and the Northeast Region. The Census Bureau also includes the northernmost states of the Northwestern United States, that are, within the West Region.

Historical term
Before 19th century westward expansion, the "Northern United States" was considered the present day New England region. By the 1830s it corresponded to the present day Northeastern United States
American Civil War
During the American Civil War, the Northern United States meant the ones that remained in the United States of America, called the Union states.  In this context, "The North" is the Union and "The South" is the states that seceded from the U.S. to form the Confederate States of America.  However, some slave-holding states that remained in the Union may be counted on either side.

Related pages 
Southern United States
Southeastern United States
Yankee

References

Census Regions of the United States
in science and mathematics
A radical (chemistry) is an atom, molecule, or ion which is likely to take part in chemical reactions.
Radical symbol (√), a symbol used to indicate the square root or nth root
Radical of an algebraic group, a concept in algebraic group theory
Radical of an ideal, an important concept in abstract algebra
Radical of a ring, in ring theory, a branch of mathematics, a radical of a ring is an ideal of "bad" elements of the ring
Radical of a module, in the theory of modules, the radical of a module is a component in the theory of structure and classification
Jacobson radical, the Jacobson radical of a ring, R, consists of those elements in R which annihilate all simple right R-modules
Nilradical of a ring, the nilradical of a commutative ring is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible
Nilradical of a Lie algebra, the nilradical of a lie algebra is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible
Radical of an integer, a concept in number theory
Symmetric bilinear form, a concept in linear algebra
Radical of a Lie algebra, a concept in lie theory
in medicine
Radical surgery, surgery carried out in extreme circumstances and/or with extensive treatment

in linguistics
Root (linguistics), also called a "radical", the form of a word after any prefixes and suffixes are removed
Radical (Chinese character), part of a Chinese character under which it is indexed in a dictionary (also called bùshǒu 部首)
Radical, one of the three consonants in a Semitic root
Radical consonant, a consonant articulated with the root of the tongue
in politics
Political radicalism
Radicalism (historical), the Radical Movement which began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe and Latin America in the 19th century
Radical left, another term for the far left
Radical right, another term for the far right
radical a person who shows a strong political stand point
Extremism, political standpoints that are perceived as revolutionary or extreme
Radical Whigs, influential early writers on Radicalism
Radical Reformation, an Anabaptist movement concurrent with the Protestant Reformation
Radical Republicans, a member of an influential group of American politicians during the Civil War reconstruction
Radical Party, one of a number of political parties around the world
Radicals (UK), parliamentary progressives who were part of the nineteenth-century Liberal coalition
Radical feminism, a current within feminism that focuses on patriarchy as a system of power
in culture
Radical chic, a term coined by Tom Wolfe to describe the pretentious adoption of radical causes by celebrities, socialites, and high society

in architecture
Radical Baroque, an architectural style characterized by the curvature of walls and intersection of oval spaces

brands, titles and proper names
Radical Sportscars, an English sports car maker
Radical Entertainment, a video game developer based in Vancouver, Canada
Free Radical Design, a video game developer based in Nottingham, England 
Free Radicals (band), a jazz-funk musical group from Houston, Texas
Free Radical Centre, a centre for free radical chemistry and biotechnology that was established in 2005
Radical (Smack album), Smack's fourth studio album, released in 1988
Rachel Louise Carson (born May 27, 1907 – died April 14, 1964) was an American marine biologist and nature writer.  Carson worked for 15 years as a biologist, scientist and editor in the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries and then the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Her books were very important in helping the environmental movement grow.  She was famous for writing Silent Spring.  She also wrote a set of three books about the ocean and what lives in and around it.
Silent Spring caught the attention of many Americans.  Before this not many worried about environmental problems and conservation.  The book looked at problems with DDT and other pesticides (chemicals that kill pests, like mosquitoes and flies). It was thought these pesticides were safe, but they were actually causing many birds to die.  DDT stayed in insects and fish which were eaten by birds.  The birds then laid eggs with thin shells that would break. Some birds, like the Bald Eagle almost disappeared from the United States.  In her book Carson said that without changes in how we use pesticides, there may not be birds left at some time in the future.  Instead of hearing birds sing in the spring, it would be quiet, and that is how the book got its title.
This book led to a change in the national pesticide policy and a ban on DDT and some other pesticides.  This new grassroots environmental movement, inspired by the book, led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.  After her death, Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Jimmy Carter. There is a National Wildlife Refuge in Maine named after her.

Life and work
Life and work

Early life and education 
Rachel Carson was born on May 27, 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania and grew up on a family farm. It was on the Allegheny River, near Pittsburgh. Carson liked to read, and was a talented writer from a young age. She also spent a lot of time exploring around her  farm. She began writing stories (often with animals in them) at age eight, and had her first story published at age eleven. She liked to read the St. Nicholas Magazine, which published her first stories.  It also published stories by Beatrix Potter, and the books of Gene Stratton Porter, Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad and Robert Louis Stevenson.  The natural world, particularly the ocean, was a common part of her favorite books.  Carson graduated high school in 1925, at the top of her class of forty-four students.
At the Pennsylvania College for Women (now known as Chatham University), as in high school, Carson was a bit of a loner.  She originally studied English, but switched her major to biology in January 1928. She continued writing in the school's student newspaper.  Though accepted to graduate school at Johns Hopkins University in 1928, she had to remain at the Pennsylvania College for Women for her senior year because of money problems. She graduated magna cum laude (highest honors) in 1929.  After a summer course at the Marine Biological Laboratory, she continued her studies in zoology and genetics at Johns Hopkins in the fall of 1929.
After her first year of graduate school, Carson worked in a laboratory with rats and Drosophila, to earn money for tuition.  She wrote her dissertation for her master's degree on how the pronephros in fish developed early in their life.  She earned a master's degree in zoology in June 1932.  She wanted to continue for a doctorate, but in 1934 Carson had to leave Johns Hopkins to find a full-time teaching job to help support her family.  In 1935, her father died suddenly, and Carson had to take care of her aging mother.  This made the money problem even bigger (this was during the Great Depression, when jobs were hard to find).
Working as a biologist
Her biology mentor from college helped her get a part-time job with the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries.  Here she wrote for a educational broadcast called Romance Under the Waters on the radio (this was before television).  It was a seven-minute program that ran once a week for a year. It was about aquatic life (mostly fish), to increase public interest in fish biology and in what the Bureau of Fisheries did. This was a job several people before Carson had not been able to do.  Carson also began submitting articles on marine life in the Chesapeake Bay to local newspapers and magazines.
Carson's boss liked what she did, and asked her to write the introduction to a public brochure about the fisheries bureau. He also had her apply to the first full-time job that became available.  When she took the civil service exam, she outscored all other applicants. In 1936 she became only the second woman to be hired by the Bureau of Fisheries for a full-time, professional position, as a junior aquatic biologist.
Carson worked for 15 years in the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries and then the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

As author
Her 1951 bestselling book The Sea Around Us allowed her to work full-time as a nature writer. People recognized her as a gifted writer.  Her next book, The Edge of the Sea, and the republished version of her first book, Under the Sea Wind, were also bestsellers.  Together, the three books explore all parts of ocean life, from the shores to the surface to the deep sea.
In the late 1950s, Carson became interested in conservation and the environmental problems caused by new pesticides.  At first, she did not want to write about it, but nobody else would write about the problems of pesticides.  So she studied the problem, and wrote Silent Spring (published in 1962).

Death
Rachel Carson died young, at the age of 56.  She had breast cancer earlier.  It was treated, but after several years cancer came back.  She died April 14, 1964.

References 

Writers from Pennsylvania
American environmentalists
American ecologists
1907 births
1964 deaths
American biologists
Marine biologists
Heterochrony (= different time) is any change in the timing of development in an animal or plant. It is a key concept in developmental biology and evolution, introduced by Ernst Haeckel in 1875. It applies to the time a trait appears in the growth of an organism, or to the timing of gene expression in development.p203

Its importance in biology is to explain the way closely related animals may come to have quite large differences in shape, and size, whilst nevetheless having a rather similar genome. The main components are the time a process starts and stops in development, and the rate at which the process works.
In his book Embryos and evolution (1930) Gavin de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially paedomorphosis, in evolution. Changes to the genes which control timing in development can produce quite striking changes in the adult. de Beer also conceived the idea of clandestine evolution, which helped to explain the sudden changes in the fossil record which were apparently at odds with Darwin's gradual theory of evolution. If a novelty were to evolve gradually in an animal's juvenile form, then its development might not appear in the fossil record at all. Then, if the species were to undergo neoteny, the feature would appear suddenly in the fossil record, despite having evolved gradually. Stephen Jay Gould commented on de Beer's book:
"In a series of remarkable books that established the synthetic theory of evolution, Gavin de Beer's Embryology and evolution was the first and the shortest (1930; expanded and retitled Embryos and ancestors, 1940; 3rd ed 1958). In 116 pages de Beer brought embryology into the developing orthodoxy... for more than forty years, this book has dominated English thought on the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny." Stephen Gould
Related terms 
Paedomorphosis: a change in the genotype so the adults of a species retain traits previously seen only in juveniles.
Neoteny: in which bodily development is slowed, but sexual development continues at the same rate. This results in a sexually mature juvenile or larval form. See Axolotl.
Progenesis: in which development is halted before full maturity. 
Postdisplacement: in which the start of development is delayed.

References 

Developmental biology
Evolutionary biology
Neoteny is a type of heterochrony. It is a change in the timing of development in an animal. It is where bodily development is slowed, but sexual development goes on at the same rate. At the extreme, this results in a sexually mature juvenile or larval form. A classic example of that is the Axolotl salamander.

It has often been suggested that the human species is an example of neoteny. There are features of adult humans that are more like those of juvenile apes than adult apes. 

These are some of the neotenous traits in humans: 
Flattened face, broadened face, large brain, 
Hairless body, hairless face, small nose, 
Reduction of brow ridge, small teeth, small upper jaw (maxilla), small lower jaw (mandible), 
Thinness of skull bones, limbs proportionately short compared to torso length, longer leg than arm length, 
Larger eyes, 
Upright stance.
In some texts these differences may be called paedomorphosis, meaning "like a child". The term "K-selection" is sometimes used to describe this evolutionary process. The process is all part of a situation where the species benefits from the longer-lasting of juvenile features into adult life.

If we continue the list into physiology and behaviour, we find:
Longer period of brain growth
Longer period of learning
Culture passed on through generations
Mating deferred to older ages than apes
Longer life
Origin of articulate speech
Larger social groups

This second list shows how the first list becomes the basis for the larger groups of modern man and their better transmission of experiences to later generations.

References 

Developmental biology
Evolutionary biology
Human body features
Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer FRS (1899–1972) was a British evolutionary embryologist. He was Director of the London Natural History Museum, President of the Linnean Society, and received the Royal Society's Darwin Medal for his studies on evolution.

In the First World War he served in the Grenadier Guards. Later, he taught at Oxford University zoology department. In 1938, he was made Reader in Embryology at University College London. During the Second World War de Beer again served with the Grenadier Guards reaching the rank of temporary lieutenant colonel. He worked in military intelligence, propaganda and psychological warfare. Also during the war, in 1940, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society.

In 1945, de Beer became Professor of Zoology and was, from 1946 to 1949, President of the Linnean Society. Then he was Director of the British Museum (Natural History) from 1950 until his retirement in 1960. He was knighted in 1954, and awarded the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1957.
Books 
de Beer wrote 25 books, of which these are still noteworthy:
An introduction to experimental embryology — 1926
Early travellers in the Alps — 1930
Embryology and evolution — 1930 (later editions bore the title Embryos and ancestors)
The elements of experimental embryology — 1934 (co-written with Julian Huxley)
The development of the vertebrate skull — 1937
Archaeopteryx lithographica – 1954
Darwin's journal: Darwin's notebooks on the transmutaion of species — 1959
Reflections of a Darwinian — 1962
Homology, an unsolved problem — 1971
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his world — 1972

References

1899 births
1972 deaths
British Army officers
British military personnel of World War I
British military personnel of World War II
Colonels
English evolutionary biologists
English science writers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
Embryologists
The Lightning Thief is a 2005 fantasy-adventure novel which is based on Greek mythology. It is the first young-adult book written by author Rick Riordan. It is the first book in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series. The series is about the adventures of a modern 12-year-old named Percy Jackson after he discovers he is a demigod (half-human, half-god). Percy is the son of a mortal woman, named Sally and the Greek god Poseidon. Percy and his friends try to prevent a war between the Greek gods Zeus, 
Poseidon and Hades.
Rick Riordan finished writing his manuscript in 1994. The Lightning Thief was first bought by Bantam Books in 1997. Bantam sold it to Miramax Books. Miramax published it on June 28, 2005. The book sold more than 1.2 million copies in the next four years. The book won many awards. In 2007, it was on The New York Times Best Seller list for children's books. It was one of the Young Adult Library Services Association's Best Books for Young Adults. It was made into a movie named Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief. The movie was first shown in the United States on February 12, 2010. The next book in the series is The Sea of Monsters.

Concept and development
Planning for both The Lightning Thief and the series began when Riordan started making up stories for his nine-year-old son, Haley. He had started studying Greek mythology (stories) in second grade. He wanted his father to tell him stories about them before he went to sleep. Riordan had taught Greek myths as a middle school teacher. He remembered some of the myths, which he then told to his son. Soon, Riordan had told him all the stories. When Haley wanted him to make up new stories using the characters from the myths, Riordan created the character of Percy Jackson. Like Percy, Haley had ADHD and dyslexia. He made up the story of how Percy traveled across the United States to search for Zeus' master bolt. After hearing the story, Haley wanted his father to write a book about Percy and his friends.
Plot 
The Lightning Thief is a fantasy–adventure novel which uses the ideas of ancient Greek mythology in today's world. It is written in a fast-paced, humorous (funny) style.

Summary 

Percy Jackson is a 12 year old boy. He has ADHD and dyslexia. He has been thrown out of many schools. On a trip with his mother, he meets his friend Grover, a satyr (half-goat, half-human). Grover tells Percy's mother that Percy must go to a camp. When they drive towards the camp, a Minotaur (monster) attacks them and kills Percy's mother. but Grover and Percy escape.
They decide to travel west to reach the entrance to the Underworld, which is in Los Angeles. They also meet Ares. When they come near the pit of Tartarus, Luke’s shoes try to pull Grover into it, but he escapes. Percy meets Hades, who also thinks Percy stole the Master Bolt. He also thinks Percy stole his Helm of Darkness. Percy knows that Ares has tricked him when he finds the bolt in his backpack. He runs away from the Underworld. He has to leave his mother there. Percy fights and wins. Ares gives Percy the Helm of Darkness. Percy gives it back to Hades. Olympus is now present at the top of the Empire State Building in New York City. Percy arrives there to give the master bolt to Zeus.
Important characters 
 Percy Jackson – He is the protagonist (hero, main character); a 12 year old boy who has ADHD and dyslexia. Percy soon learns that he is the son of Greek god Poseidon and that his disabilities are natural for demigods. Soon he is forced on an adventure to find Zeus' master bolt to stop a war among the gods from starting.
 Annabeth Chase – Annabeth is the daughter of the goddess Athena who was brought to Camp Half-Blood by Luke and Thalia. She helps nurse Percy after he is attacked by a Minotaur. She also joins Percy on his quest for Zeus' master bolt.
 Grover Underwood – He is a satyr disguised as a boy and Percy's best friend. He is a recruiter for Camp Half-Blood. He leads Percy to the Camp after his mother is taken and goes with him on his journey to find Zeus' master bolt.
Luke Castellan – Luke is the leader of the Hermes cabin at Camp Half-Blood. He helps train Percy in the art of battle. Later, he betrays Percy and leaves him almost dead. This reveals that he works for the Titan Kronos.
The Lightning Thief received mostly positive reviews. Common Sense Media said "there are two levels of fun in The Lightning Thief. One is the fast-paced quest of a young hero and his friends to save the world" and added "another level of fun here – laughing at the wicked ways the author has updated the gods and monsters for the 21st century". However, it criticized some parts of the book. They described the prose as "choppy and attitude-filled" and complained that "[t]he characters aren't emotionally involving". Its overall rating was 4 stars out of 5. The New York Times praised The Lightning Thief as "perfectly paced, with electrifying moments chasing each other like heartbeats". School Library Journal said in its starred review (which is given to outstanding books) that the book was "An adventure-quest with a hip edge" and that "Readers will be eager to follow the young protagonist's next move"
. Kirkus praised the book and said, "Packed with humorous (funny) allusions to Greek mythology and clever updates of the old stories, along with rip-snorting [intense] action sequences, the book really shines in the depiction of Percy – wry, impatient, academically hopeless, with a cut-to-the-chase bluntness one would wish for in a hero of old." Eoin Colfer, author of Artemis Fowl, called it "A fantastic blend (mix) of mythology and modern". Publishers Weekly also praised the book, regarding it as "swift and humorous" and added that the book would "leave many readers eager for the next installment."  On April 8, 2007, The Lightning Thief was ranked ninth on The New York Times Best Seller list for children's books. When speaking about the various awards, Rick Riordan said:
"The ultimate compliment for a children's writer is when the kids like it."

Awards 
The Lightning Thief was the winner of the School Library Journal Best Book of 2005. It was also one of the books in Chicago Public Library Best of the Best Books List, 2005. It was also in the VOYA Top Shelf Fiction List. The book was the Red House Children's Book Award Winner (UK), 2006, and also won Askews Torchlight Award (UK), 2006, and the Mark Twain Award (Missouri Association of School Librarians), 2008. It was an ALA Notable Book, 2006 and a New York Times Notable Book (2005). It received the Rebecca Caudill Young Readers' Book Award in 2009.

Adaptations

Movie adaptation
Movie adaptation 

In June 2004, 20th Century Fox bought feature movie rights to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to lead the project. Logan Lerman played Percy Jackson, Brandon T. Jackson played Grover Underwood, the satyr, Alexandra Daddario played the role of Annabeth while Jake Abel was cast as Luke Castellan. Pierce Brosnan played Chiron. The movie is titled Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief and was first shown in the United States on February 12, 2010. The movie made $226 million combined at the box office.

Audiobook 
On June 28, 2005, a 10 hour 25 minute audio book version of The Lightning Thief, read by actor Jesse Bernstein, was published worldwide by Listening Library.
Kirkus said in their review, "the narrator’s voice lends a refreshing air of realism to this riotously paced [fast paced] quest tale of heroism that questions the realities of our world, family, friendship and loyalty". AudioFile Magazine praised the audiobook, saying both adults and children will be "spellbound" when they listen to "this deeply imaginative tale unfold." School Library Journal both praised and criticized the audio book saying "Although some of Jesse Bernstein's accents fail (the monster from Georgia, for instance, has no Southern trace in her voice), he does a fine job of keeping the main character's tones and accents distinguishable".

Sequel 
The Lightning Thief is followed by The Sea of Monsters. There, Percy and Annabeth rescue Grover, who has been taken prisoner by Polyphemus, the Cyclops. They get the Golden Fleece from Polyphemus' island to save the camp. They are joined by Percy's half brother, Tyson, and Clarisse in this mission.
Like The Lightning Thief, it won several prizes. It was received well by reviewers too. It sold over 100,000 copies in paperback.

Foreign language editions 
The Lightning Thief was published in many languages. It was published in French, German, Spanish, Finnish, Swedish, Hebrew, Brazilian Portuguese, Serbian and Dutch. The French edition is known as  (OCLC 3199424908). The German name of the book is
 (OCLC 2554901802). These two, along with the Spanish version  (OCLC 748684882), were published in 2006. The three other translations of the book,  (OCLC 23120723516), in Finnish, O ladrão de raios, in Brazilian Portuguese, (in Portugal it is called  meaning The Thieves of Olympus) and  or Persi G'eḳson ṿe-ganav ha-baraḳ (OCLC 24382472372) in Hebrew were published in 2008.

References

Other websites 

Percy Jackson and the Olympians
2005 books
The Principality of Asturias (, ) is an autonomous community. It is in the kingdom of Spain or the former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. It is on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea. The capital of the province is Oviedo. Gijón is the biggest city. There is an airport in Asturias, from where you can fly to a few places in Spain and in Europe. The region has borders with Galicia, León and Cantabria.

References
A Coruña (;  ; historical ) is the most northwestern Atlantic-facing province of Spain. It is one of the four provinces which make up the autonomous community of Galicia. This province is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north. The Pontevedra Province surrounds it to the south and the Lugo Province to the east.

References 

A Coruna
Córdoba (, ), called Cordova in English, is a province of southern Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Málaga, Sevilla, Badajoz, Ciudad Real, Jaén, and Granada. Its area is 13,769 km². It is majority Muslim with a large Catholic minority.
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (often shortened to Law & Order: SVU) is an American television spin-off of the original police drama series Law & Order which is set in New York City, inside the fictional 16th precinct of Manhattan.

Cast 
 Christopher Meloni as Elliot Stabler
 Mariska Hargitay as Olivia Benson
 Richard Belzer as John Munch
 Dann Florek as Donald Cragen
 Michelle Hurd as Monique Jeffries
 Stephanie March as Alexandra Cabot
 Ice-T as Odafin "Fin" Tutuola
 B.D. Wong as George Huang
 Diane Neal as Casey Novak
 Tamara Tunie as Melinda Warner
 Adam Beach as Chester Lake
 Michaela McManus as Kim Greylek
 Danny Pino as Nick Amaro
 Kelli Gaddish as Amanda Rollins
 Raul Esparza as Rafael Barba
 Peter Scanavino as Dominick "Sonny" Carisi Jr.
 Philip Winchester as Peter Stone
 Jamie Grey Hyder as Katriona "Kat" Tamin
 Demore Barnes as Christian Garland
 Octavio Pisano as Joe Velasco

Other websites 
 Official websites for the show from NBC
1999 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime drama television series
American police television series
NBC network shows
Television series set in New York City
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Alfred Waterhouse (19 July 1830 – 22 August 1905) was an English architect, particularly associated with the Victorian Gothic revival. He is perhaps best known for his design for Manchester Town Hall and the Natural History Museum in London, although he also built a wide variety of other buildings throughout the country. Financially speaking, Waterhouse was probably the most successful of all Victorian architects. Though expert within Gothic and Renaissance styles, Waterhouse never limited himself to a single architectural style.

References 

1830 births
1905 deaths
English architects
People from Liverpool
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a method of thinking of computer networking in terms of abstraction layers.  Different communication protocols with similar functions are grouped into different logical layers on the OSI Model.  Each layer of the OSI Model makes use of functions provided by the layers below it and provides functions that are used by the layers above it.  There are 7 layers. 

The OSI model is a way of thinking about protocol stacks.

Description of OSI layers 
According to the standard OSI Model there are seven layers. Each layer is dependent upon the layers below it to function.

Some aspects of computer networking, such as management and security, use or are used on every layer.
Layer 7: Application layer 
The application layer provides an interface for the end user operating a device connected to a network. This layer is what the user sees, in terms of loading an application (such as Web browser or e-mail); that is, this application layer is the data the user views while using these applications. Examples of application layer functionality include:  

Support for file transfers 
Ability to print on a network  
Electronic mail  
Electronic messaging 
Browsing the World Wide Web.

Layer 6: Presentation layer 
The Presentation Layer would be able to properly interpret a message sent through the network. This layer is responsible for the proper translation or interpretation.
Layer 5: Session layer  
The Session Layer establishes request/response communication. When needed, a session is started with authentication, after which a request is sent. After a response the session might be ended or a new request is sent. This is the first layer where a client/server concept is introduced. Where a specific device might change the role from client to server or vice versa.

Layer 4: Transport layer
The Transport Layer is the level at which system reliability and quality are ensured. This layer manages traffic flow through the network layer to reduce congestion on a network, and performs error checking ensuring quality of service by resending data when data has been corrupted. Some of the most popular methods of encryption and firewall security take place on this layer.
Layer 3: Network layer 
The Routing Layer works to coordinate related parts of a data conversation to ensure that large files are transferred. In other words, while the data link layer deals with the method in which the physical layer is used to transfer data, the network layer deals with organizing that data for transfer and reassembly. This layer also handles aspects of Routing Protocols, finding the available [best] path(s) from one network to another to ensure delivery of the data.

Layer 2: Data link layer 
The Data Layer is mainly the method in which information from the network is broken down into frames and transmitted over the physical layer. This layer is also responsible for some Error detection and correction and some addressing so different devices can tell each other apart in larger systems.
Layer 1: Physical layer 
The Physical Layer refers to electrical and physical aspects of devices. In particular, it specifies how a device sends and receives information, such as using copper wires or fiber-optic cables. Examples of this include Ethernet or fiber optic cables, phone cords used for dial-up or DSL services, the coaxial cable used to provide broadband internet, the wires used to connect various components of a computer or even the radio signals used in wireless communication. Other functions of the physical layer include the conversion of signals into something that another layer can use (referred to as a bit), and adjusting the signal to allow for multiple users to use the same connections.

Networks
The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied art (decorative arts and design). Named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, it was founded in 1852.

The V&A has a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects. It covers  and 145 galleries. Its collection spans 5000 years of art, from ancient times to the present day, in virtually every medium, from the cultures of Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa. The museum is sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

The holdings of ceramics, glass, textiles, costumes, silver, ironwork, jewellery, furniture, medieval objects, sculpture, prints and printmaking, drawings and photographs are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world.
The museum possesses the world's largest collection of post-classical sculpture, the holdings of Italian Renaissance items are the largest outside Italy. The departments of Asia include art from South Asia, China, Japan, Korea and the Islamic world. The East Asian collections are among the best in Europe, with particular strengths in ceramics and metalwork, while the Islamic collection, with the Musée du Louvre and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, is amongst the largest in the world.

The V&A is in what is called London's "Albertopolis", an area of immense cultural, scientific and educational importance. Near it are the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, Imperial College, the Albert Hall and the Albert Memorial.

Since 2001, the Museum has embarked on a major £150m renovation program which has seen a major overhaul of the departments including the introduction of newer galleries, gardens, shops and visitor facilities. As with other national UK museums, admission to the museum is free.
References 

Museums in London
Art museums in the United Kingdom
Faber Drive is a Juno award nominated band from Canada. They became a band in 2004 when they were discovered by Nickelback frontman, Chad Kroeger and later released their debut album Seven Second Surgery. They are signed to 604 records which is the area code of the lower mainland of Vancouver.

Their name comes from the lead singer, Dave Faber's last name.

Their newest album is can'T keEp A SecrEt (sylized to say "TEASE"), which came to stores in 2009.

Albums 
Seven Second Surgery (2007)
 Singles include: "G-Get Up and Dance", "Give Him Up" and "You and I Tonight"
can'T keEp A SecrEt (2009) 
 Singles include: "Second Chance", "Tongue Tied", "When I'm With You" and "Sleepless Nights (Never Let Her Go)"

Websites
Faber Drive's Official website

2000s Canadian music groups
2010s Canadian music groups
Alternative rock bands
Canadian rock bands
Electronic music bands
Musical groups established in 2004
Pop rock bands
Post-grunge bands
2004 establishments in Canada
Abubakari Yakubu (13 December 1981 – 31 October 2017) was a Ghanaian football player. He has played for the Ghanaian national team. He was born in Tema, Ghana.

Yakubu died on 31 October 2017 at the age of 35.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="5"|Ajax||rowspan="5"|Eredivisie||5||0
|-
|2000/01||13||0
|-
|2001/02||21||0
|-
|2002/03||15||0
|-
|2003/04||11||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="5"|Vitesse||rowspan="5"|Eredivisie||31||0
|-
|2005/06||22||0
|-
|2006/07||4||0
|-
|2007/08||17||0
|-
|2008/09||6||0
145||0
145||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||3||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
!Total||16||0
|}

References

1981 births
2017 deaths
Ghanaian footballers
Gymnocalycium is a genus of plants in the family Cactaceae.

All of these plants are succulents without leaves. The plants grows in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay). In total, there are 50-80 species.

Stems of these plants are round, their diameter is 7–30 cm, their height is 3–25 cm. The color of stems is grey-green or brown-green or grey-brown.

Plants of this genus are popular houseplants.

References

Other websites 

 NCBI: Gymnocalycium
 CactiGuide: Gymnocalycium

Cactaceae
"Prayer of the Refugee" is the second single from the punk rock band Rise Against's album The Sufferer & the Witness. It was released worldwide in 2006. The song was first called "Diaspora", with advance copies of the album using that name instead of "Prayer of the Refugee." The song is shown as a re-recorded bonus track in the video game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock. The song is also showed in "Slednecks 9" DVD. It's used in "The Compound" segment of the movie.

The album version of the song is available as DLC for the Rock Band series along with "Savior" and "Re-Education (Through Labor)".

2006 songs
Rise Against