Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Magellan spacecraft, also called the Venus Radar Mapper, was a NASA spaceprobe designed to explore the Venus planet. It was launched on May 4, 1989, and reached Venus on August 10, 1990. It was in orbit around Venus for four years making detailed maps of the surface using radar and measuring the planet's gravity. Because of the thick atmosphere around the planet, the information from Magellan provided scientists with their first views of the surface of Venus. On October 12, 1994, the Magellan spacecraft was crashed into the planet on purpose.

The Magellan was the first spacecraft to be launched from a Space Shuttle, the Atlantis. It was also the first spacecraft to be deliberately crashed. Magellan was made from parts left over from other space exploration programs, including the Voyager program. 

The Magellan was named after the Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521).

References

NASA spacecraft
Venus
1990s in spaceflight
This is a list of cities and towns in Croatia.  In Croatia these are called a grad.

References

Croatia
Croatia
The nation of Cuba has several cities.

Largest cities
These are the largest cities in Cuba.  Beside each city in the list below is the number of people who live in the city. All numbers are from 2003.

 Havana, 2,201,610
 Santiago de Cuba, 423,392
 Camagüey, 301,574
 Holguín, 269,618
 Santa Clara, 210,220
 Guantánamo, 208,145
 Bayamo, 144,664
 Las Tunas, 143,582
 Cienfuegos, 140,734
 Pinar del Río,139,336 
 Matanzas, 127,287
 Ciego de Avila, 106,225
 Sancti Spiritus, 98,283
 Manzanillo, 97,038
 Cardenas, 80,832
 Palma Soriano, 76,169
 Moa, 57,652

Other cities
These are other important cities.
Morón, 53,551 (second city in the Ciego de Avila Province)
 Nueva Gerona, 46,923 (Capital of the Isle of Youth Special Municipality)
 Contramaestre, 44,752
 Colón, 44,520
 Artemisa, 43,427 (Capital of the new Artemisa Province, 2011)
 Güines, 42,801 (most populated city of the new Mayabeque Province, 2011)
 Sagua La Grande, 41,756 (second city of the Villa Clara Province)
 Trinidad, 41,293 (second city of the Sancti Spiritus Province, historical city, one of the seven initial towns in Cuba, tourist attraction)
 Placetas, 40,982 
 Baracoa, 39,190 (The second most populated city in Guantanamo Province, the first town founded in Cuba by Spaniards)
 Nuevitas, 38,995 (important industrial city and port in Camaguey)
 San José de las Lajas, 33233 (capital of the new Mayabeque Province, 2011)
 Mayarí, 29,027

Cuba

Cuba
city
This is a list of cities in the Czech Republic.

List of cities (statutární město in Czech)

References 

Czech Republic

Czech Republic
city
This is a list of cities in Denmark. 

1 = All cities with a population of 20,000 or more.
2 = Ølstykke-Stenløse is a new city, created by conurbation between Ølstykke and Stenløse on 2010-01-01.
3 = The city Hørsholm is a part of several municipalities.
a = Part of the Urban Copenhagen (da: Hovedstadsområdet).
b = Part of the Aalborg urban area.

References

Denmark

Denmark
city
This is a list of Cities in the Dominican Republic.  Only cities with more than 20,000 people are listed.

References

Dominican Republic

Dominican Republic
city
This is a list of cities, towns, and villages in East Timor.

Aileu Municipality
Aileu
Ainaro Municipality
Ainaro
Hato-Udo
Maubara
Baucau Municipality
Baguia
Baucau
Bucoli
Quelicai
Laga
Venilale
Bobonaro Municipality
Atabae
Balibo
Bobonaro
Lolotoe
Maliana
Cova Lima Municipality
Fatululik
Fohoren
Suai
Tilomar
Zumalai
Dili Municipality
Dare
Dili
Metinaro
Ermera Municipality
Atsabe
Ermera
Gleno
Hatolina
Lautém Municipality
Com
Fuiloro
Iliomar
Laivai
Lautém
Lore
Lospalos
Luro
Mehara
Tutuala
Liquiçá Municipality
Bazartete
Liquiçá
Maubara
Manatuto Municipality
Laclubar
Laleia
Manatuto
Natarbora
Manufahi Municipality
Alas
Fatuberlio
Same
Turiscai
Oecusse Municipality
Citrana
Nitibe
Oe Silo
Pante Macassar
Passabe
Viqueque Municipality
Beacu
Lacluta
Ossu
Uatolari
Viqueque
Atauro Island
Berau
Biquele

East Timor
Geography of East Timor
This is a list of cities in Ecuador.

 Ambato
 Arajuno
 Babahoyo
 Bahía de Caráquez
 Baños de Agua Santa
 Cuenca
 Durán
 Esmeraldas
 Guaranda
 Guayaquil
 Ibarra
 La Libertad
 Latacunga
 Loja
 Macas
 Machala
 Manta
 Milagro
 Nueva Loja
 Portoviejo
 Piñas
 Pintag
 Quevedo
 Quito (capital)
 Riobamba
 Santo Domingo de los Colorados
 Salinas
 Shell Mera
 Tulcán

Cities in order of population

Ecuador
Ecuador
city
This is a list of the most important and largest cities and towns in Egypt.

42 Giza

Other websites 

 Map of Egypt (World Gazetteer)
 Egypt's New Urban Communities
 New Urban Communities Authority - Contact Page

Egypt

Egypt
Cities
Charlene Tilton (b. December 1, 1958 in San Diego) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television. She has also acted in a few movies. She is best known for playing Lucy Ewing on the CBS television series Dallas.

References

Actors from San Diego, California
American television actors
American movie actors
1958 births
Living people
Robert Hutchings Goddard (1882-1945) was an American scientist who designed, built and fired rockets. In 1918 he invented the bazooka for the United States Army. 

On March 16, 1926, he launched the world's first liquid fueled rocket.  It reached a height of  at a speed of . When he suggested that a rocket could travel fast enough to leave the Earth and reach the Moon, the newspapers made fun of him. Many of his ideas, such as multi stage rockets, and the concept of escape velocity are now part of modern rocket science. He has been called "the father of space flight."

References

1882 births
1945 deaths
American inventors
Scientists from Massachusetts
American astronomers
Kimberly Alexis Bledel (September 16, 1981), is an American television and movie actress. Her most notable acting is the television series Gilmore Girls. She has also been in the movies Sin City and Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. Bledel is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

References

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Houston
Democrats (United States)
Models from Houston
1981 births
Living people
A near-threatened species is a conservation status given to species or lower taxa that may be endangered in the near future. However, it does not mean that the species is threatened.

The Near Threatened taxa usually includes the Vulnerable species.

Mammal
Here is a list of nearly threatened mammals. They are:

Japanese weasel
Maned wolf
Mountain weasel

Bird
Here is a list of nearly threatened birds. They are:
 Atoll fruit dove
 Whistling fruit dove
 White-crowned pigeon

References

Related pages
:Category:IUCN Red List near threatened species for an alphabetical list

Other websites 
List of Near Threatened species as identified by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone.  In amphibians and reptiles it is normally shaped like a shield, often made of cartilage.  It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is larger, and has large flight muscles attached to it.  Only in mammals does the sternum take on the longer form seen in humans.

References

Bones
Bombay High is an offshore oilfield, gas field and refinery. It used to send its low sulphur crude oil to Mathura Oil Refinery. But this factory was closed, so now it transports oil to other refineries. It was founded by a Russian and an Indian oil exploration team.

Economy of India
The stump or tree stump is a small remaining part of the trunk with the roots still in the ground. Stumps may show the ages of a tree through its rings. The study of these rings is known as dendrochronology. Sometimes stumps are able to grow again into new trees. Sometimes a tree is cut to a stump on purpose to grow again. This is known as "coppicing".

References 

 Buckley, G.P. 1992. Ecology and Management of Coppice Woodlands. Springer 336 pages,, .
 Schenk, H.J., and R.B. Jackson. 2002. The global biogeography of roots. Ecological Monographs 72 (3): 311-328.

Other websites 

 Stump harvesting in Sweden
 Regeneration after stump harvesting 
 Stumps as a resource in Finland
 Stump harvesting and forest decomposers 

Trees
Space colonization is the idea of humans living outside of Earth permanently. At present, there are no space colonies. However, many people have put forward ideas and thought about the first space colony. Some national space programs see space colonization as a long-term goal.

Building colonies in space would require access to water, food, space, people, building materials, energy, transportation, communications, life support, simulated gravity, radiation protection and money. Launching things from Earth is expensive, so it is better if the materials come from the place of the colony.

Possible sites for space colonies include the Moon, Mars, asteroids and big, free-floating space stations.  Resources, such as solar energy and water, are available from or on the Moon, Mars, near-Earth asteroids or other planetary bodies.  People could use them to build the space colony and live there.
Mars is the most Earth-like planet known, so the colonization of Mars may be first. Some celestial bodies might be terraformed. This means changing a body's atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology to be similar to the biosphere of Earth, so that humans can live there.

Notes

References
iPhone 3GS is a smartphone made by Apple Inc. It is the third generation iPhone, coming after iPhone 3G. It was introduced on June 8th 2009, It was released on June 19th 2009.

This iPhone is named "3GS". The "S" in "iPhone 3GS" means "Speed". The iPhone 3GS has better performance, allowing it to run faster and more efficiently. It also has a higher quality camera that can take photos with higher resolution, as well as take videos with better quality. It also adds the ability to use voice control, a function where users can talk into the phone to command actions on the phone.  The iPhone 3GS can also support faster downloading. 

It was released in the United States, Canada, and six European countries on June 19th 2009, in Australia and Japan on June 26th, and worldwide in July and August 2009.

References

Other websites

3GS
Mobile phones released in 2009
The Japanese word Nadeshiko may mean:
 Dianthus superbus (also known as "large pinks"), a special kind of wild pink flowers which are native to the Japanese islands 
 Nadashiko Japan is the name of the women's national football team
 Yamato nadeshiko, a Japanese term for a traditional ideal women or daughter of Japan
The Virgo Supercluster (Virgo SC) or Local Supercluster is the large galaxy cluster that contains the Virgo Cluster and the Local Group. At least 100 galaxies and clusters are in it.

The diameter of Virgo SC is 33 megaparsecs (110 million light-years). It is one of millions of superclusters in the observable universe.

Background
When the first large sample of nebulae was published by William and John Herschel in 1863, it was seen that there is a marked excess of nebular fields in the constellation Virgo (near the north galactic pole).

In the 1950s, it was suggested that this excess was a large-scale galaxy-like structure, a "Local Supercluster". Debate went on during the 1960s and 1970s as to whether the Local Supercluster (LS) was actually a structure or a chance alignment of galaxies.
The issue was resolved with the large redshift surveys of the late 1970s and early 1980s, which showed a flattened concentration of galaxies along the supergalactic plane.
Structure
In 1982 R. Brent Tully showed it consists of two components: a flattened disk with two-thirds of the supercluster's luminous galaxies, and a roughly spherical halo containing the remaining one-third.
The disk itself is a thin (~1 megaparsecs) ellipsoid with a long axis / short axis ratio of at least 6 to 1, and possibly as high as 9 to 1.

Data released in June 2003 from a redshift survey lets astronomers compare the LS to other superclusters. The LS represents a typical poor (that is, it lacks a high density core) supercluster of rather small size. It has one rich galaxy cluster in the center, surrounded by filaments of galaxies and poor groups.

The Local Group is on the outskirts of the LS in a small filament extending from the Fornax Cluster to the Virgo Cluster. The Virgo Supercluster's volume is about 7000 times that of the Local Group or 100 billion times that of the Milky Way.

References 

Galaxy clusters
Connie Stevens (born Concetta Rosalie Ann Ingolia; August 8, 1938) is an American recording artist, singer and actress. She acted in the television series Hawaiian Eye. She was also in the sitcom Wendy and Me with George Burns.

References

American television actors
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
1938 births
Living people
is a Japanese term and a flower metaphor. The term describes the "flower of Japanese womanhood" or what is generally believed to be typical and best about Japanese women. It also means "traditional daughter of Japan".

The phrase combines the words Yamato, which is an ancient name for Japan, and nadeshiko, which is a wild pink carnation (dianthus superbus).

History
The phrase Yamato Nadeshiko means the traditional Japanese woman, and she is contrasted with other women such as the "new" type of Japanese woman. As ideas about women have developed and changed, this term has meant different things at different times in history.  For example, the term had a special nationalistic meaning during World War II.

 is the name for the Japan women's national football team.

References 

Japanese culture
There is less water on Mars compared to Earth. Most of the water known is in the cryosphere (permafrost and polar caps). There is no liquid water. There is only a small amount of water vapor in the thin atmosphere.

The conditions on the planet's surface do not support the long-term existence of liquid water. The average atmospheric pressure and temperature are far too low, which freezes water. However, it seems Mars once had liquid water flowing on the surface. This would make large areas like Earth's oceans.

There are a number of signs of water on or under the surface, now or in the distant past. These include stream beds, polar caps, spectroscopic measurement, eroded craters. Also, there are minerals which are often  formed when there is liquid water (such as goethite), grey, crystalline hematite, phyllosilicates, opal, and sulfate.
The Mars flybys such as Viking, Mars Odyssey, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Express, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter had cameras.  They took pictures of what seem to be ancient lakes, ancient river valleys, and widespread glaciation. An orbiting Gamma Ray Spectrometer found ice just under the surface of much of the planet. Also, radar studies found ice that were thought to be glaciers. The Phoenix lander showed ice on Mars when it was landing. Phoenix also showed ice melting, snow falling, and even saw drops of liquid water.

A recent report says Martian dark streaks on the surface were affected by water.

Water found by probes
Many Mars flybys and probes have found evidence of water on planet Mars. Mariner 9 found water erosion and deposition, weather fronts and fogs. Viking 2 landed on Mars in its winter season and found frost. The Mars Global Surveyor, which could detect ancient water, found that Mars has been dry for a very long time. On December 6, 2006 NASA released photos of two craters called Terra Sirenum and Centauri Montes that showed liquid water at one point in 1999 and 2001. Pathfinder found that water existed before on Mars. Pathfinder confirmed that where it landed it is too cold for liquid water to be. However, water could be in its liquid state if it were mixed with various salts. Pathfinder also found evidence of clouds and maybe fog present in Mars. Mars Odyssey found much more evidence for water on Mars. The pictures taken by Odyssey confirmed that the ground is filled with ice
. In July 2003, at a conference in California, it was said that the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) onboard the Mars Odyssey had found large amounts of water over large areas of Mars. Mars has enough ice just below the surface to fill Lake Michigan twice.
Liquid water found on Mars 
On August 4, 2011, NASA said they found seasonal changes. These changes were found in gullies near crater rims on the Southern hemisphere. This shows that there is salty water flowing and then evaporating. This leaves some sort of residue.

The Mars Ocean Hypothesis is a hypothesis that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by an ocean earlier in its history. The ocean, which is called Oceanus Borealis, would have filled the Vastitas Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere. The Vastitas Borealis is 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) miles below the planetary elevation. Oceanus Borealis dried up 3.8 billion years ago. Early Mars would need a warmer climate and thicker atmosphere to let liquid water stay at the surface.

References

Other websites 

 YouTube: Liquid Flowing Water Discovered on Mars
 High resolution images of Mars—detailed observation of water signs
 The Case of the Missing Mars Water 
 Wikinews articles about water on Mars

Mars
Dianthus superbus, also known as Large Pink, is a species of Dianthus native to Europe and northern Asia. It is a herbaceous perennial plant. 

This flowering plant grows in Western Europe from northern Spain to  Norway.  The wild flower is also native across northern Asia, including China and Japan.

References

Other websites

superbus
Augustin "Tin" Ujević (5 July 1891 – 12 November 1955) was a Croatian poet, considered one of the most important poets in Croatian language of all time.

When Ujević was young, he thought to dedicate his life to politics. After having been involved in various activities related to the nationalism of Yugoslavia between 1912 and 1916, he began a life with a bohemian style, developing a great interest in literature.

Ujević classified his works in 3 different fields: translation, assays and poetry. 

He translated many works of various authors into the Croatian language, like Walt Whitman, Marcel Proust and Joseph Conrad.

Works 
 Lelek sebra/Cry of a slave, (1920)
 Kolajna/Necklace, (1926)
 Skalpel kaosa/Scalpel of chaos (1938)
 Žedan kamen na studencu/Thirsty stone at the wellspring, (1954)
 Auto na korzu/Car on the street

1891 births
1955 deaths
Croatian writers
Yugoslavian poets
Jesolo is a city in the region of Veneto in Italy. Jesolo is known for its beach.

References 

Cities in the Metropolitan City of Venice
is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Ando was born in Utsunomiya on 9 July 1982. In 2002, when she was a University of Tsukuba student, she left university club and joined Saitama Reinas FC (later Urawa Reds). In 2002 season, she scored 10 goals and she was selected Young Player awards. She became top scorer and she was selected MVP awards in 2004 and 2009. She was also selected Best Eleven 6 times. From 2010, she played for German Bundesliga club Duisburg, Frankfurt and Essen. At Frankfurt, she won UEFA Champions League in 2014–15 season. In June 2017, she returned to Japan and joined Urawa Reds.
In June 1999, when Ando was 16 years old, she was selected for the Japan national team for the 1999 World Cup. At this competition, on 26 June, she debuted against Norway. She played in the World Cup four times and in the Summer Olympics three times. She was a member of the team that defeated the United States in a penalty shootout in the final to win the 2011 World Cup; Ando started the final. She was also part of the Japanese team which won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics and second place at the 2015 World Cup. At the 2015 World Cup, in the first match against Switzerland, she got a penalty kick, but she fractured her left ankle at that moment. This match was her last as part of the Japan national team. She played 126 games and scored 19 goals for Japan by 2015.

Statistics

References

Other websites

Japan Football Association
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Tochigi Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Urawa Red Diamonds Ladies players
Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2007 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
2010 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Olympic medalists in football
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players
Asian Games medalists in football
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
The whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) is a species of requiem shark, and the only member of its genus. The whitetip reef shark gets its name because of the white tips on its first dorsal fin and caudal fin. This shark has a slim body, with a short, wide head, a blunt, flattened snout, and oval-shaped eyes. The body is dark grey to brown in colour, and the underside is white. 

The whitetip reef shark is widely distributed across the entire Indo-Pacific region, and is common along coral reefs, but is also found over sandy flats, in lagoons, and near drop-offs to deeper water. This species of shark is viviparous, giving birth to 1-5 pups after a gestation period lasting up to 12 months. The whitetip reef shark is currently listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.
Description
thumb|left|225px|The Whitetip reef shark has a flattened snout, flaps of skin infront of its nostrils, and oval eyes with vertical pupils 
The whitetip reef shark has a slim body, and has a short, wide head. The snout is flattened and blunt, and has large flaps of skin in front of the nostrils. The eyes are small and oval-shaped, and have vertical pupils.  Along with the mouth which slants downwards, the visible brow ridges give this shark a permanent "disgusted" expression to its face. The first dorsal fin is located well behind the pectoral fins. The second dorsal fin is large, but smaller than the first dorsal. The pectoral fins are wide and triangular in shape. The anal fin is about as large as the second dorsal fin. There is no interdorsal ridge (ridge between the two dorsal fins), and there are no lateral keels on the caudal penduncle.
The whitetip reef shark is quite a small species of shark, growing to a maximum length of just under 7 feet (2.1 metres), however, individuals are rare at lengths over 5.2 feet (1.6 metres). Males mature at about 3.4 feet (1.04 metres) long, and generally reach lengths of up to 5.5 feet (1.7 metres). Females reach maturity at 3.4-3.6 feet (1.04-1.1 metres), and grow to at least 5.2 feet (1.6 metres).  Whitetip reef sharks weigh a maximum weight of 18 kg.
Distribution

The whitetip reef shark is widely distributed across the entire Indo-Pacific region. In the Indian Ocean, it is found from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to the Red Sea and the Indian subcontinent, including Madagascar, Mauritius, the Comoros, the Aldabra Group, the Seychelles, Sri Lanka, and the Chagos Archipelago. In the western and central Pacific, it occurs from off southern China, Taiwan, and the Ryukyu Islands, to the Philippines, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia, to northern Australia, and is also found around numerous islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, as far as Hawaii to the north, and the Pitcairn Islands to the southeast. In the eastern Pacific, it occurs from Costa Rica to Panama, and off the Galápagos Islands.
The whitetip reef shark is found mainly at coral reefs, but it is also found over sandy flats, in lagoons, and near drop-offs to deeper water.  They prefer very clear water and rarely swim far from the bottom. This species is most common at a depth of . Sometimes, they may enter water less than 1 metre deep, and there is a record of a whitetip reef shark being captured from a depth of  in the Ryukyu Islands.
Behaviour
thumb|left|225px|The Whitetip reef shark spends most of the day laying still on the bottom 
The whitetip reef shark is usually seen swimming in clear waters along coral reefs, and has been reported at depths to up to 1,083 feet (330 metres). This species rarely swims to the surface, and is capable of lying motionless on the bottom for long periods of time. During daylight hours, whitetip reef sharks form large groups in caves, sometimes appearing stacked up like a pile of logs. The same sharks often return repeatedly to the same cave for long periods of time, changing location only periodically. The whitetip reef shark is most active throughout the night.
Feeding
During the night, the whitetip reef shark becomes very active, and searches for prey along the bottom. When the shark finds a prey, it chases the prey into a crevice or small cave, trapping it. The slim body, blunt snout, and tough skin helps the whitetip reef shark hunt successfully in these small spaces. It feeds mainly on bony fish, including eels, squirrelfish, snappers, damselfish, parrotfish, surgeonfish, and triggerfish. It also eats octopuses, crabs, and lobsters.

Reproduction
Whitetip reef sharks are viviparous, and after a gestation period which can last around 12 months, the females give birth to 1-5 pups, which range from 52-60 cm in length. During mating, 1 to 11 males follow a female, until one of them gently nips the female's gill region. If the female accepts the male, the male grasps one of the female's pectoral fins in his mouth, and mates with her. Whitetip reef sharks reach maturity at around the age of 8 years, and live up to a maximum age of 25 years.
Human interaction
The whitetip reef shark is fished in the waters off Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and Madagascar. It is also believed to be fished in other waters across its range, but there is not a lot of information about this. The meat and liver are sold for human consumption, despite the fact that the liver has been reported as toxic. Although this shark is widely distributed, its restricted habitat, depth range, small litter size, and the long time to reach maturity means that the whitetip reef shark may become increasingly threatened to overfishing. 

This shark is quite harmless to humans due to its easygoing nature and small teeth. It avoids close contact with humans, swimming off when approached by swimmers or divers. Since the whitetip reef shark is often attracted to food, divers have been able to hand feed individuals. However, sometimes an individual will become overly excited by spearfishing or when bait is present, and might bite the diver. This species is also known to bite if harassed.
Conservation
The whitetip reef shark is widespread and quite abundant, and there is no legislation against fishing this species. The whitetip reef shark project of Hawaii is currently researching this shark’s life history, movement patterns, and habitat range, in hope that this will help in the future management of the populations of this shark. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) have been working for years on the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS). However, the vast size of the oceans where the whitetip reef shark is found, and the difficulty of law enforcement in many areas, make the task of managing the conservation of this shark extremely difficult. The whitetip reef shark is currently listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.

References

Sharks
is a Japanese football player. She plays for the Japan national team.
Iwabuchi began her international career in 2008 when she was selected onto the Japan U-17 national team at the age of 15, and participated in the 2008 U-17 World Cup in New Zealand. The team was defeated in the quarterfinals but she was awarded the tournament's MVP (adidas Golden Ball). A French team coach hailed her as a "future star of women's football." Iwabuchi was also awarded the "Asian Young Footballer of the Year" by the Asian Football Confederation in 2008. She joined the Japan national team for the EAFF Championship, held in early 2010, and debuted in the game against China. She scored her first goal against the Chinese Taipei in the same competition. In 2011, she played at the 2011 World Cup and Japan won the championship. She played as a substitute in the final against United States. She also played 2012 Summer Olympics and 2015 World Cup. Japan won the 2nd place at both tournaments. In 2018, at 2018 Asian Cup, she played full-time in all matches and scored 2 goals
. Japan won the championship and she was selected MVP awards.
Statistics

References

Other websites

Japan Football Association

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza players
INAC Kobe Leonessa players
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
Footballers at the 2018 Asian Games
Olympic medalists in football
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players
AFC Women's Asian Cup-winning players
Asian Games medalists in football
Asian Games gold medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Hola Arabs or Huwala (), is a blanket term denoting an ethnically Iranian Arabs originally from the Arabian Peninsula who migrated to the Southern Coast of Iran in the 16th-18th centuries. Most currently reside in the Gulf nations with origins in cities and villages in Southern coast of Iran. They are not to be confused with the Achomis who are Persians from Southern Iran but also reside in Gulf States, such as Emadi, Bastaki, Janahi.  

Bahrain is the only Gulf state that uses the term Huwala to refer to Ajams or Achomis. In other Gulf states, such as Qatar, UAE, and Kuwait, the term Huwala is used for the original Arab Huwala tribes, such as Al-Harami, Al-Obaildy, Al-Hammadi, Al-Malki, Al-Qasimi.

Other websites
 Hola DNA Project

Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Mel Stuart (born Stuart Solomon; September 2, 1928 – August 9, 2012) was an American director and producer who is known for directing such movies as; Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, Two is a Happy Number, and Running on the Sun: The Badwater 135. Stuart's career would span for nearly 37 years which started in 1963 until his retirement in 2000. Stuart was born on September 2, 1928 in New York City, New York. Stuart was never married and had no children. He was related to late TV producer David L. Wolper. Stuart died on August 9, 2012 in his Beverly Hills, California home from cancer, he was 83 years old. Stuart's first cousin was Stan Lee.

Movies
Directed:
 Four Days in November (1964)
 If It's Tuesday, It Must Be Belgium (1969)
 I Love My Life
 Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)
 Two is a Happy Number (1972)
 Wattstax (1974)
 Brenda Starr (TV) (1976)
 Welcome Back, Kotter (TV) (1977)
 Ruby and Oswald (TV) (1978)
 Mean Dog Blues (1978)
 The Chisholms (TV) (1980)

References

Other websites
Other websites

1928 births
2012 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles County, California
American movie directors
American movie producers
Movie directors from New York (state)
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Conrad Stafford Bain (February 4, 1923 – January 14, 2013) was a Canadian-American actor. He was best known for his role as Phillip Drummond in the sitcom Diff'rent Strokes and as Dr. Arthur Harmon in Maude. Bain had a twin brother, Bonar Bain.

Early life
Bain was born on February 4, 1923 in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada to Jean Agnes Young and to Stafford Harrison Bain. Bain was educated at Banff School of Fine Arts in Calgary, Alberta and at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. He became a United States citizen in 1946, before graduating in 1948. He served in the Canadian Army during World War II.

Career
His career started in 1956 in an episode of Studio One as Evans. He later appeared in over 200 television programs. He was mostly known for playing Phillip Drummond in Diff'rent Strokes with Gary Coleman. Bain retired in 1996.<ref name="star">Conrad Bain at starpulse.com</ref>
Personal life
Bain lived in an apartment in Livermore, California. Bain was married Monica Sloan on September 8, 1945 until her death on February 26, 2009. They had three children together, Jennifer, Kent, and Mark Bain. On February 18, 2005, his brother Bonar died from cancer, aged 82.

Death
Bain died on January 14, 2013 in his home in Livermore, California from complications following a stroke, aged 89. Co-star Todd Bridges said the Bain was like a father figure to him. Bain was soon cremated.

Television
1996: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air   .... Philip Drummond (1 episode, 1996)
 1992: The Adventures of The Black Stallion ...Racing Legend (1 episode, 1992)
 1990: Postcards from the Edge   .... Grandpa
 1988: Mr. President   .... Charlie Ross (24 episodes, 1987–1988)
 1985: The Love Boat   .... Charles Custers / ... (3 episodes, 1978–1985)
 1981: Child Bride of Short Creek   (TV) .... Frank King
 1979: C.H.O.M.P.S.   .... Ralph Norton
 1979: The Facts of Life   .... Philip Drummond (1 episode, 1979)
 1979: A Pleasure Doing Business   .... Herb
 1978: Grandpa Goes to Washington   .... Robert Green (1 episode, 1978)
 1978: The Waverly Wonders    .... Tate Sr. (1 episode, 1978)
 1978: Diff'rent Strokes   .... Phillip Drummond (189 episodes, 1978–1986)
 1972: Maude   .... Dr. Arthur Harmon (118 episodes, 1972–1978)
 1975: Twigs   (TV) .... Swede
 1972: Up the Sandbox    .... Dr. Gordon
 1972: A Fan's Notes    .... Poppy
 1971: Who Killed Mary What's 'Er Name?    .... Val
1971: The Anderson Tapes   .... Dr. Rubicoff
 1971: Bananas    .... Semple
 1971: Jump    .... Lester Jump
 1971: Men of Crisis: The Harvey Wallinger Story   (TV)
 1970: The Edge of Night   TV series .... Dr. Charles Weldon #1 (unknown episodes, 1970)
 1970: I Never Sang for My Father   .... Rev. Sam Pell
 1970: Lovers and Other Strangers    (uncredited) .... Priest in confessional
 1969: Last Summer   (uncredited) .... Sidney
 1966: Dark Shadows    .... Hotel Clerk / ... (4 episodes, 1966–1968)
 1968: Coogan's Bluff   .... Madison Avenue Man
 1968: Star!   (uncredited) .... Second Salesman at Cartier's
 1968: A Lovely Way to Die    .... James Lawrence
 1968: Madigan   .... Hotel clerk
 1967: N.Y.P.D.   .... Manager (1 episode, 1967)
 1967: The Borgia Stick   (TV) .... Lawyer
 1965: The Trials of O'Brien   .... District Attorney (1 episode, 1965)
 1961: The Defenders    (1 episode, 1961)
 1956: Studio One    .... Evans (1 episode, 1956)
References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Conrad Bain at Find a Grave

1923 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Actors from Alberta
People from Lethbridge
Actors from Alameda County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American activists
Canadian movie actors
Canadian radio actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Twin people from Canada
Twin people from the United States
, also known as 'Aki, is a Japanese engineer and an astronaut with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). He was born in 1968 in Tokyo, but grew up in New Jersey in the United States. 

He studied at the United World College of South East Asia in Singapore.  In 1992, he earned a degree  from Keio University in Japan.  In 1997, he was awarded a Master of Science degree at the University of Houston in Texas.

Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) accepted Hoshide into the astronaut training program in 1999. He first trip to the International Space Station was in May 2008. His second trip to the International Space Station was in July 2012.

References

Other websites
 Akihiko Hoshide at NASA.gov
 Akihiko Hoshide at Spacefacts.de

1968 births
Astronauts
Living people
People from Tokyo
Keio University alumni
The right of nations to self-determination (from ), or with less words, self-determination  is the idea that nations  have the right to choose their sovereignty (who or what rules them) and international political status without other countries telling them. Most of the world used to be ruled by empires (really big countries with more than one ethnic group, usually with one group having a lot of power over the others), and many of the countries that the empires ruled were considered colonies of the empire, but after The first World War (1914-1919), and especially the second World War (1929-1945), most of these empires collapsed (fell apart) and local populations (people living in the "colonies" native to the area) began to want independence and their country to be ruled by them, not someone very far away who they thought was mistreating them
. Lots of nationalist movements arose in these countries, usually in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, because people usually considered themselves as a separate group than the one who ruled them (for example, Arabs, not British, when the British Empire had ruled a lot of Arabia).
Some people who believe in self-determination use violence, others do not.

Politics
Human rights
Nationalism
The Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics was held in South Korea. The tournament was on September 17 to October 1, 1988.

Qualification 

The following teams qualified:

  (Host nation)

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

Bronze medal match

Gold medal match

Statistics 

 Top scorer :  Romário (7 goals)

Related pages 
 1988 Summer Olympics

1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic football tournaments
1988 in Asian football
or NASDA,  was one Japan's national space agencies from 1969 to 2003.

NASDA was responsible for developing satellites and space exerpiments.

History
NASDA was established for peaceful purposes in 1969.

In  2003, NASDA merged with the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL).  The three groups became one Independent Administrative Institution called the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

Several projects at International Space Station (ISS) were started under NASDA; and the work continues as part of JAXA's on-going research programs.

References

Other websites 
 "Space Programs" at Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC) 

1969 establishments in Asia
Japanese space program
Space agencies
1960s establishments in Japan
Michael Ansara (April 15, 1922 – July 31, 2013) was a Syrian-American stage, movie and voice actor.

He was best known for playing of Cochise in the American television series Broken Arrow, Kane in the 1979-81 series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Commander Kang on three different Star Trek TV series, Deputy U.S. Marshal Sam Buckhart on the NBC series, Law of the Plainsman, and the voice for villain character Mr. Freeze in the Emmy Award winning series Batman: The Animated Series, The New Batman Adventures, Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero, and Batman Beyond.

Early life
Ansara was born in a small village in Syria and moved to Lowell, Massachusetts. He was educated at the Los Angeles City College.
Career
Ansara starred in his own ABC-TV series, Law of the Plainsman (1959–60), with Gina Gillespie and Robert Harland. He performed as an Apache Indian named Sam Buckhart who had been appointed as a U.S. Marshal. The series began as an episode of The Rifleman. In 1961, he appeared as Carl in the episode "Night Visitors" of the NBC anthology series The Barbara Stanwyck Show.

Ansara also played in the Biblical epics The Robe (1953) as Judas Iscariot, The Ten Commandments (1956) as a taskmaster (uncredited), and The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) as Herod's commander. He also appeared as Belshazzar in Columbia's 1953 movie Slaves of Babylon. Guest starred with Kurt Russell in an episode of the 1960's series "Lost in Space".

Later career
Ansara did voice-acting as Mr. Freeze in Batman: The Animated Series as well as the animated movie Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero, an episode of both New Batman Adventures and Batman Beyond. He also voiced Mr. Freeze in the video game Batman Vengeance.
Ansara retired in 2001.

Awards
Ansara was nominated for an Academy of Science Fiction Award. He won a Western Heritage Award for Rawhide. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for both movies and television.

Marriages
Ansara was married to Jean Byron from 1955 until they divorced in 1956. He was married to Barbara Eden from 1958 until 1974. They had a son, Matthew Ansara, who died in 2001. He married Beverly Kushida in 1977.

Death
Ansara died on July 31, 2013 of Alzheimer's disease in his home in Calabasas, California, aged 91.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1922 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in California
Actors from Massachusetts
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Syrian actors
Saturn Award winners
People from Lowell, Massachusetts
Stacey Lauretta Dash (born January 20, 1966) is an American television and movie actress. She usually acts in sitcoms and comedy related movies. Her most notable television program works include The Cosby Show and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. Her movies include Clueless (1995) and Mo' Money (1992). 

Some sources say Dash was born January 20, 1966 with others mentioning that she was born in either 1967 or 1968. Dash was born in The Bronx, New York City.

References

Other websites

Actors from New York City
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
People from the Bronx
1966 births
Living people
Brussels sprouts are a green vegetable. They are small cabbages that can be used for salads or other recipes. They have almost the same nutrition as cabbage in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. As with other cabbages, they can be either steamed or roasted. They have a lot of fiber.

References

Other websites

Leaf vegetables
Brassica oleracea
Tamera Darvette Mowry (born July 6 1978) is an American actress who first gained fame through the sitcom Sister, Sister. She has also been in other TV works and in multiple movies (particularly comedy movies. Her sister Tia was born exactly the same day.

American television actors
1978 births
Living people
Tia Mowry (born July 6, 1978) is an American actress and former singer who, similar to her sister Tamera Mowry, first became famous as a result of the sitcom Sister, Sister in the 1990s. She also does other television related works and movie projects.

American television actors
1978 births
Living people
Niall James Horan (born 13 September 1993) is an Irish singer and songwriter. He was best known as a member of the boy band One Direction. In 2016, Horan signed a recording deal as a solo artist with Capitol Records. Horan has also been known for his relaxing, and upbeat style of music.

References

Other websites

Official website of One Direction

1993 births
Living people
Irish pop singers
Irish guitarists
Irish rock musicians
Irish singer-songwriters
One Direction members
Apollo 6 was a space flight launched on April 4, 1968. It was the second mission of the United States Apollo program and last unmanned test flight of its Saturn V launch vehicle. It was also the last unmanned Apollo flight. It was an A-Type mission.

It was to show that the Saturn V could carry the weight of the Apollo fast enough and far enough into space to make a flight to the Moon possible. It was also designed to show that the Apollo Command Module's heat shield could survive the high speed re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. The project was designed to fly into space at the necessary speeds, turn around, and return in about 10 hours.
However problems in the fuel lines of several Saturn V second and third stage engines stopped it from reaching the speeds Apollo would need to reach the Moon. It was able to test the return speeds by using the Apollo spacecraft's engine. This had been done with Apollo 4, the first Saturn V test. Despite the engine failures, the flight gave NASA enough confidence in the Saturn V to use it for manned launches. Since Apollo 4 had also tested the heat shield at a full speed re-entry, a third unmanned flight was cancelled.

Objectives
Apollo 6 would test the Saturn V launch vehicle's ability to send the entire Apollo craft to the Moon. It would also test the stress a launch would put on the Lunar Module. It would also measure how much vibration there would be with a Saturn V with an almost full load. The Lunar Module was a test vehicle and only weighed , about 80% of the proper Lunar Module of (). Also, the CSM was only fueled to a weight of  instead of the lunar mission weight of .
It was the first mission to use High Bay 3 in the Vertical Assembly Building (VAB), Mobile Launcher 2, and Firing Room 2.

Vehicle assembly

The first stage of the Saturn V, S-IC, the third stage, S-IVB, and the Instrument Unit computer, arrived by boat on March 13, 1967. The first stage was put together in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) four days later. The S-II second stage was delivered two months later. Scientist used a dumbbell-shaped spacer so testing could proceed. This had the same height and mass as the S-II along with all the electrical connections. The S-II arrived May 24. It was put into the rocket on July 7.

Testing was slow as they were still getting the Saturn V ready for Apollo 4. While the building could hold four Saturn V rockets, there were not enough people or equipment to work on more than one at a time.
The Command and Service Module, a Block I model, as flown on three other unmanned tests, arrived September 29 and was added on December 10. It was made from two existing spacecraft, the CM-020 and SM-014. CM-020 had been damaged in an explosion. CM-014 had been taken apart as part of the investigation into the Apollo 1 fire. After two months of testing and repairs, the rocket was moved to the pad on February 6, 1968.

Flight

Launch
While Apollo 4 had a perfect flight, Apollo 6 had problems right from the start. Two minutes into the flight, the rocket experienced severe Pogo oscillations for about 30 seconds. Various parts of the rocket began to vibrate like a tuning fork. This included the fuel pipes. These vibrations caused damage to the part that joined the Command Module and Lunar Module to the Saturn V. Several pieces fell off during the launch.
After the first stage was finished, the S-II second stage began to have its own problems. Engine number two (of five) had problems 225 seconds after liftoff. It got worse at 319 seconds, and then at 412 seconds the engine shut down. Two seconds later Engine Number Three shut down as well. The onboard computer was able to make changes and the other engines burned for 58 seconds longer than normal. The S-IVB third stage also had to burn for 29 seconds longer than usual. The S-IVB also did not work properly.

The S-IC first stage crashed back to Earth in the Atlantic Ocean east of Florida (), while the S-II second stage crashed south of the Azores ().
Orbit
Because of the launch problems, the rocket did not reach the planned height. After two orbits, the third stage, S-IVB would not restart. It was decided to use the Apollo Service Module engines to get the spacecraft into a higher orbit, as had been done in Apollo 4. It burned for 442 seconds (longer than it would ever fire on a lunar mission) to get to the planned  height. There was not enough fuel to speed up the atmospheric reentry. The spacecraft only entered the atmosphere at a speed of  instead of the planned  of a lunar return. However, this had been demonstrated on Apollo 4.

Ten hours after launch, it landed  from the planned touchdown point in the North Pacific Ocean north of Hawaii, and was lifted on board the USS Okinawa.

The S-IVB's orbit slowed three weeks later, and it re-entered the atmosphere on April 25, 1968.