Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The District of Dibër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Dibër County. About 62,825, people live her. The capital is Peshkopi.

References

Districts of  Dibër County
Raveena Tandon (born 26 October 1974) is an Indian Bollywood actress, and producer. She used to be a model. Her first acting role was in the movie Pathhar Ke Phool in 1991. Since then has starred in many movies.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1974 births
Living people
Indian actors
Myles Standish (1584 1656) was an English military officer who was selected to defend the Pilgrims in the New World  He travelled on the Mayflower in 1620 and signed the Mayflower Compact.  Standish became a assistant governor, and a treasurer of Plymouth Colony.

Early life 
Standish's place of birth is uncertain.  In his will he mentions Lancashire. Nathaniel Morton, secretary of Plymouth Colony, wrote that Standish was born in Lancashire.

Standish was a soldier and fought against the Spanish in the Eighty Years' War.

Standish and his wife did not believe in the Church of England and in 1608 they moved to Leiden Netherlands. After some years, they became concerned because their children were losing their English customs and culture. Since their religion was outlawed in England, they decided to travel to the New World.
There were many people in Leiden who did not believe in the Church of England and they also wanted to travel to the New World.  They looked to employ someone who would protect them in the New World.  They first asked John Smith. Smith was one of the founders of the English colony at Jamestown, Virginia.  He had explored and made a map of the North American coast. Smith's experience would have helped them but he asked for too much money.  He was also too bold and they feared he might try to rule over them.  They asked Standish instead and he agreed to help protect them.  They decided to hire the ship Mayflower to take them on their long voyage.

On the Mayflower
On the Mayflower 

The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower saw land.  The Mayflower was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

Exploration Missions 
While the Mayflower was anchored off Cape Cod, Standish took some men ashore to find a good place for all to live.
William Bradford wrote of one of the exploration missions.  They were Bradford, John Carver, Myles Standish, Edward Winslow, John Howland, Richard Warren, Stephen Hopkins and Edward Doty set off in small boats. Hopkins was the most experienced because he had seen Native Americans during his time at Jamestown. Bradford said they set off in below freezing temperatures.  Many of the men were ill, and when they left the salt spray froze on their coats.  During their trip they saw Native Americans who appeared to be cutting up a whale which was very large.  When they saw the men approaching the Indians fled.  At night they tried to protect themselves from the cold and the Indians.

After more trips in late December 1620 they picked a place to live.  Standish gave good advice and they built a small fort and placed cannon for protection against any who might try to harm them.  Standish's wife, Rose, died in January.
Many passengers were sick but Standish stayed healthy. Standish was a source of great comfort and strength to those who suffered. Standish helped to care Bradford when he was sick and they became good friends.  Bradford held the position of governor for most of his life and worked closely with Standish.

Plymouth Colony 
In March of 1621, a Native American named Samoset came to the colony and spoke to the people in English. He stayed one day and talked with the leaders about many things.  When he returned he brought the tribe leader Massasoit to meet with the Pilgrims.  Governor John Carver, signed a treaty with this chief and they became friends.  They all promised to help and defend each other.
In August 1621 a leader named Corbitant tried to turn the people of Nemasket against Massasoit. Standish led a group of ten men to kill Corbitant.  Three Native Americans, Squanto, Hobomock and Tisquantum went with them. When Tisquantum and Hobbamock went to Nemasket, Corbitant took Tisquantum captive and threatened to kill him. Hobbamock got away and warned the people of Plymouth.

Standish planned an attack. Standish and Hobbamock went to where they thought Corbitant would be sleeping but he had already fled the village.  They did not kill Corbitant but because the colonist were willing to fight, if necessary, nine other leaders, and Corbitant, signed a treaty with the leaders of Plymouth.
In November 1621, a Narragansett messenger came to Plymouth with a bundle of arrows wrapped in a snakeskin.  The Pilgrims were told by Tisquantum and Hobbamock that this was a threat and an insult from the Narragansett leader who was called Canonicus. This was one of the more powerful tribes in the area. Bradford sent back the snakeskin filled with gunpowder to show them they were not afraid. Standish told the colonists to prepare for a possible fight.  The ship Fortune had brought some more men to the colony but there were still not very many men. Standish put one man to each wall and gave them orders on how to protect themselves and the people in case of an attack.
Bradford called a public meeting.  The Pilgrims decided to send Standish and a small group of eight, including Hobbamock, to Wessagusset to kill the leaders who wanted kill them. The day after Pecksuot, a Massachusett warrior and leader of the group who threatened Wessagusset, came to the settlement with other warriors. Pecksuot approached Standish and, looking down on him, said, "You are a great captain, yet you are but a little man. Though I not a chief, I am of great strength and courage."  He said this to make Standish afraid of him. The next day, Standish attacked Pecksuot, and stabbed him with the Native American's own knife. Standish returned to Plymouth. The leaders who wished them harm had been killed and there was no more threat.  The attack also caused many of the unfriendly Native Americans to leave the area.

Standish showed great courage and skill as a soldier but sometimes was too harsh with the Native Americans.  This would make both the Native Americans and the members of the colony angry.
By the 1640s, Standish was leading a quiet life on his farm in Duxbury.  Standish also served as a surveyor of highways, as Treasurer of the Colony from 1644 to 1649. In 1642, his old friend Hobbamock, who had been part of his household, died and was buried on Standish's farm in Duxbury.

Standish put Lieutenant William Holmes in charge of training the men. He died in his home in 1656.  He was buried in Duxbury's Old Burying Ground, now known as the Myles Standish Burial Ground.

Marriages and family
Standish's first wife, Rose, died in 1621. She was buried in an unmarked grave at Cole's Hill as were many others who died the first winter and named on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb as "Rose, first wife of Myles Standish".

Standish then married Barbara who died in 1659  They had seven children and her burial place is unknown. Their children were named, Charles, John, Myles, Loara, and Josiah and (again) Charles.  The first child named Charles died.
Monuments
There are two monuments to Myles Standish.  One is placed over his grave at the Myles Standish Burial Ground.
 
The site of Myles Standish's house is now in a small park in the town of Duxbury, Massachusetts.

Standish, Maine, is named after Myles Standish. There are two forts named after Standish: a fort on Plymouth's Saquish Neck built during the American Civil War and a larger fort built in Boston Harbor in 1895.

Notes

References

1580s births
1656 deaths
Mayflower passengers
People buried in the Myles Standish Burial Ground, Duxbury, Massachusetts
Galileo Galilei invented kinematics and disproved Aristotle's old theory of gravity. One of his students said he dropped two balls of iron (one weighing one pound, the other a hundred) off the leaning tower of Pisa. The objects fell at the same speed which brought about new methods of thinking. In 1542, Nicolaus Copernicus published his work On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, in which he said that not the Earth, but the Sun was at the center of the universe. This theory is known as Heliocentrism today. In the same year, Andreas Vesalius published his work  On the Structure of the Human Body. This book is about the anatomy of the human body. 

The philosopher Alexandre Koyré (18921964) first used the term 'scientific revolution'  for this time period.

Related page 
Industrial Revolution
Paradigm shift

History of science
Jack the Giant Killer is a 2013 fantasy/adventure movie. It stars Nicholas Hoult as the title character. This movie is based on the fairy tale of the same name.

2013 adventure movies
Movies based on fairy tales
2010s American adventure movies
2010s American fantasy movies
2010s English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Richard Percy "Dick" Jones (February 25, 1927 – June 30, 1965) was an American actor. He voiced Pinocchio in the second animated Disney movie, Pinocchio.

Jones died at his home on June 30, 1965 from complications from a fall at the age of 38.

References

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Actors from Texas
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
Accidental deaths from falls
1927 births
1965 deaths
Carolyn Hennesy (born June 10, 1962) is an American actress. She was the voice of Bambi's mother in the movie Bambi II.

Other websites

Carolyn Hennesy Official site

American voice actors
1962 births
Living people
Papillon might mean:
Papillon (book), a memoir by Henri Charriere
Papillon (movie), a 1973 movie starring Steve McQueen, based on the book
Papillon (dog), a breed of fluffy dog
The District of Durrës is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Durrës County. There are 242,801 people who live here. The capital is Durrës.

References

Districts of Albania
Durrës County
The District of Elbasan is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 224,689 people who live in the district. The capital is Elbasan.

References

Districts of Elbasan County
The District of Fier is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County.  There are199,442 people who live here. The capital is Fier.

References

Districts of Fier County
The District of Gjirokastër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. There are about 56,720 people.  Many of its people are Greek. The capital is Gjirokastër. It is part of Gjirokastër County.

References

Districts of Gjirokastër County
The District of Gramsh is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 24,230 people. The capital is Gramsh.

References

Districts of Elbasan County
The District of Has is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is one of the smallest districts. There are 17,419 people.It is part of Kukës County.  The capital and only municipality is Krumë.

References

Districts of Kukës County
The District of Kavajë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Tirana County. There are 82,921 people. The capital is Kavajë.

References

Districts of Tirana County
The Kolonjë District is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Korçë County. There are 14,318 people. The capital is Ersekë.

References

Districts of Korçë County
The District of Korçë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is the second-largest district.  138,898 people live in the Korce District. The capital is Korçë.

References

Districts of Korçë County
The District of Krujë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Durrës County. There are 67,698 people. The capital is Krujë.

References

Districts of Albania
Durrës County
The District of Kukës is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. There are 45,616 people. The capital is Kukës.

References

Districts of Kukës County
The District of Kurbin is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 54,977 people. The capital is Laç. The majority of the population is Catholic.

References

Districts of Lezhë County
The District of Lezhë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 77,184 people. The capital is Lezhë. The majority of the population is Catholic.

References 

Districts of Lezhë County
The District of Librazhd is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 63,192 people. The capital is Librazhd.

References

Districts of Elbasan County
The District of Lushnjë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County. There are 143,276 people. The capital is Lushnjë.

References

Districts of Fier County
American Bandstand is an American music and amateur dance show. It was televised in various versions from 1952 to 1989. It was hosted from 1956 until its final season by Dick Clark. He was also its producer. The show "starred" teenagers off the street dancing to Top 40 hits introduced by Clark. At least one popular musical act would usually appear in person to lip sync one of their latest hits. Dick Clark became an American media mogul as a result of the show. It also inspired similar music programs, such as Soul Train and Top of the Pops.

Other websites

American television series
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
The Malësi e Madhe District is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Shkodër County. There are 36,091 people.  The capital is Koplik. This district borders Montenegro and the majority of the population is Catholic.

References

Districts of Shkodër County
The District of Mallakastër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County. There are 31,356 people. The capital is Ballsh.

References

Districts of Fier County
The District of Mat is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Dibër County. It is named after the Mat River, that flows through the district. There are 48,803 people. The capital is Burrel.

References

Districts of Dibër County
The District of Mirditë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 26,668 people. The capital is Rrëshen. The region is known as a stronghold of devout Roman Catholicism and is the center of Catholics in Albania today.

References

Districts of Lezhë County
The District of Peqin is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 31,004 people. The capital is Peqin.

References 

Districts of Elbasan County
The District of Përmet is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Gjirokastër County. There are 22,029 people. The capital is Përmet.

References

Districts of Gjirokastër County
The District of Pogradec is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Korçë County. There are 70,575 people.  The capital is Pogradec.

References

Districts of Korçë County
The District of Pukë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Shkodër County. There are 24,323 people. The capital is Pukë.

References

Districts of Shkodër County
The District of Sarandë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is in Vlorë County. There are 48,474 people. The capital is the city of Sarandë.

References

Districts of Vlorë County
The District of Shkodër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Shkodër County. There are 185,646 people. The capital is Shkodër.

References

Districts of Shkodër County
The District of Skrapar is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Berat County. There are 10,200 people.  The capital is Çorovodë.

References

Districts of Berat County
The District of Tepelenë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Gjirokastër County. There are 23,800 people. The capital is Tepelenë.

References

Districts of Gjirokastër County
Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest (which was earlier called Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve) is a New Year's show that was originally hosted by Dick Clark until he had a stroke during 2004. It airs on ABC. It takes place in Times Square on December 31 of every year. It shows the yearly New Year's Eve ball drop. On December 31, 2004, Regis Philbin hosted the show because of Clark's stroke. The show has been hosted by Ryan Seacrest on New Year's Eve since December 31, 2005. Seacrest hosted with Clark until Clark's death in 2012.

Singer Lucy Hale, Singer Jessie James Decker, Singer Billy Porter, Actress Roselyn Sánchez and Comedian Liza Koshy have reported for this show from Los Angeles and Times Square, respectively.

Show's history
In the December 31, 1999 show, it was called ABC 2000 Today because 2000 would mark a new millennium. Peter Jennings hosted this show.

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

American television series
English-language television programs
ABC network series
The District of Tirana is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Tirana County. There are 717,426 people living there. people. The capital is Tirana.

References

Districts of Tirana County
The District of Tropojë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Kukës County. There are 16,260 people. The capital is Bajram Curri.

References

Districts of Kukës County
The District of Vlorë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Vlorë County. There are 151,314 people. The capital is Vlorë.

References

Districts of Vlorë County
The Albanian Armed Forces were formed after the declaration of independence in 1912. There is the General Staff, the Albanian Army, the Albanian Air Force and the Albanian Naval Defense Forces.

The Albanian Army is helped by the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, the United Kingdom, Greece, Turkey, Switzerland, Denmark and Belgium.

History
Although there were earlier Albanian armies the modern forces were founded in 1912.

In 1928 it had 8.000 soldiers.

The army grew up to 511.000 soldiers during the communist era due to forced conscription.

There are 14,500 troops and 2,000 civilians, trained to NATO standards.

References

Military by country
Politics of Albania
20th-century establishments in Albania
Mount Korab is the highest mountain of North Macedonia and Albania.  Its peak is a border between the two countries. 

Mount Korab is pictured in the Coat of arms of North Macedonia.

References

Other websites

Balkan Mountains
Dibër County
Geography of North Macedonia
The lek is the money used in Albania. For values higher than 1 it is called lekë.  100 qindarka make 1 lek but qindarka are not used any more.

The lek was formed in 1926 by King Zog and it is named after Alexander the Great.

Other websites
 Banknotes of Albania

Currency of Europe
Albania
The Principality of Arbër, also known as Arbanon or Arbëria, was the first Albanian state.  It existed during the Middle Ages. It was formed around 1190. The Principality ended in 1255.

References

History of Albania
1190 establishments
1255 disestablishments
1190s establishments in Europe
12th-century disestablishments in Europe
Former countries in the Balkans
The League of Lezhë (2 March 1444 – 25 April 1479) was a group of Albanian principalities.  It was formed in Lezhë on 2 March 1444. It was the first time most of Albania was united. It was started by Skanderbeg to fight the Ottoman Armies.

References

History of Albania
1440s establishments in Europe
15th-century disestablishments
1444 establishments
Yttrium oxide is Y2O3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. Yttrium oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science as well as inorganic compounds.

References

Other websites
 Yttrium oxide information at Webelements.
 External MSDS Data Sheet .

Oxides
Karen Allen (born October 5, 1951 in Carrollton, Illinois) is a theatre and movie actress. Mainly a stage actress, she started by playing small parts in movies. She is best known as Marion Ravenwood in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). Allen also costarred in the sequels Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), and Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023).

References

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Illinois
1951 births
Living people
Saturn Award winners
Actors from Chicago
Bullet to the Head is a 2012 action thriller movie. Sylvester Stallone and Christian Slater star. The earlier plays a hitman.

Plot
In New Orleans, hitman Jimmy Bobo and his partner Louis Blanchard kill a corrupt former Washington, D.C. policeman, Hank Greely. Bobo leaves a prostitute, Lola, alive. Later, at a bar, Blanchard is murdered by a man named Keegan. The man also threatens to kill Bobo.
Bobo and Detective Taylor Kwon meet each other in a bar. Kwon informs Bobo he knows Bobo and Blanchard killed Greely. Bobo leaves, and Kwon tries to follow him. Kwon is attacked by corrupt cops who were ordered by a man named Robert Morel to prevent Kwon from further investigating about Greely. Bobo rescues Kwon and takes him to a tattoo parlor. There, Bobo's estranged daughter, Lisa, treats Kwon's wounds. They later go to a massage parlor, where Bobo interrogates a middleman named Ronnie Earl, the man who hired Bobo and Blanchard on Morel's behalf. Ronnie Earl tries to kill Bobo. Bobo then kills Ronnie Earl, though his gun jams.

Bobo and Kwon agree to work together. They kidnap Morel's lawyer Marcus Baptiste and take him to Bobo's house. Baptiste is forced to give them a USB flash drive, which details Morel's plans to acquire housing projects and demolish them. Baptiste reveals Keegan is an ex-mercenary hired to be Morel's enforcer. After that, Bobo shoots him in the head.
Cast
 Sylvester Stallone as James "Jimmy Bobo" Bonomo
 Sung Kang as Detective Taylor Kwon 
 Sarah Shahi as Lisa Bonomo
 Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Robert Nkomo Morel
 Christian Slater as Marcus Baptiste
 Jason Momoa as Keegan
 Jon Seda as Louis Blanchard
 Holt McCallany as Hank Greely
 Brian Van Holt as Ronnie Earl
 Weronika Rosati as Lola
 Dane Rhodes as Lieutenant Lebreton 
 Marcus Lyle Brown as Detective Towne
 Douglas M. Griffin as Baby Jack

Reception
Rotten Tomatoes gave Bullet to the Head a 47% rating. Metacritic gave the movie a 48 score, meaning "mixed or average reviews". Jay Weissberg of Variety magazine called it a "kickass actioner driven by personality rather than plot."

Box office
Bullet to the Head was Stallone's worst opening weekend box office in 32 years. The movie only took in almost $22 million, failing to bring back its $55 million budget.

Awards
Stallone was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor in this movie.

References
References

2012 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
American action thriller movies
Movies directed by Walter Hill
English-language movies
Christian Slater (born August 18 1969) is an American movie actor. He has acted in many movies, which include Broken Arrow, Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles and Heathers.

Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 Christian Slater's Official Site 
 
 
 

Golden Globe Award winning actors
American movie actors
1969 births
Living people
A respirator is a kind of mask that is used to protect someone from breathing in dusts, fumes, or gases that might hurt them. Respirators come in many types and sizes. They are used by the military and industrial workers.

Related pages
Fume hood
Gas mask

Protective clothing
Headgear
Small shelly fossils (SSF), or small shelly fauna, are tiny fossils, many only a few millimetres long. They have a record from the latest stages of the Ediacaran to the early Cambrian period. Almost all are from earlier rocks than more familiar fossils such as trilobites. Most SSFs were preserved by being covered quickly with phosphate. This method of preservation is mainly limited to the later Ediacaran and early Cambrian periods, so the animals that made them may have arisen earlier and continued after this time.

Some of the fossils represent the entire skeletons of small organisms, including the mysterious Cloudina and some snail-like molluscs. However, the bulk of the fossils are fragments or parts of larger organisms, including sponges, molluscs, slug-like halkieriids, brachiopods, echinoderms, and onychophoran-like organisms that may have been close to the ancestors of arthropods.
One of the early explanations for the appearance of the SSFs – and the evolution of mineralized skeletons – is a sudden increase in the ocean's concentration of calcium. However, many SSFs are made of other minerals, such as silica. The first SSFs appear around the same time as organisms first started burrowing to avoid predation, so it is likely that they represent early steps in an evolutionary arms race between predators and increasingly well-defended prey. Nevertheless, it is still true that the animals used minerals that were most easily accessible.

The small size and (usually) broken nature of SSFs makes them difficult to identify and classify. However, they provide evidence for how the main groups of marine invertebrates evolved, and for the pace and pattern of evolution in the Cambrian explosion. They include the earliest known representatives of some modern phyla, and they have the great advantage of presenting a nearly continuous record of early Cambrian organisms whose bodies include hard parts.
Fossils
Ediacaran
Cambrian
Harold Elwin "Bo" Bice, Jr (born November 1, 1975) is an American singer. He was a runner-up on American Idol.

In 2003, Bice was arrested for possession of marijuana, drug paraphernalia and public intoxication. He avoided jail time by agreeing to enter a drug program.

References

Other websites

Country musicians from Alabama
Southern rock musicians
American rock guitarists
American Idol contestants
Living people
1975 births
Singers from Huntsville, Alabama
Musicians from Huntsville, Alabama
Walter Pidgeon (September 23, 1897 – September 25, 1984) was a Canadian actor. He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. He starred in many movies, including Forbidden Planet. He died in Santa Monica, California.

Other websites

Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
1897 births
1984 deaths
The Albanians (Albanian: Shqiptarët) is a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and Kosovo, who speak Albanian language as their mother tongue. 

Albanians share a common ancestry, culture and history, majority are Muslims, Bektashi, and Catholics and Orthodox Christianity. There National Hero is Skanderbeg. In the Ottoman Empire, Albanian Men were mostly represented in high ranks, like Muhammad Ali Pasha or Ali Pasha and the Köprülü family. 
The Albanian Dynasty House of Zogu, was founded by King Zog I of Albania.
Muslim Albanian boys get circumcised with a sünnet-ceremony, this was taken at the time of the Ottoman Empire

References 

Albania
Ethnic groups in Europe
The Greeks of Albania are ethnic Greeks who live in Albania. They are mostly in the south of the country.

The Greek language can only be spoken in 'minority zones'.

References

Albania
Albanian people
Albania
The Treaty of London was a treaty signed on 30 May. It was to move the borders of countries after the First Balkan War.

The Balkan League won the war from the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan League was Serbia, Greece, Kingdom of Bulgaria, and Montenegro. One important border to decide was Albania. There was a declaration of independence by Albania on 28 November 1912. All of the Ottoman Empire, except Albania, was given to the Balkan League.

Because not everyone was happy with the Treaty of London, the Second Balkan War started on June 13. Peace came after theTreaty of Bucharest on 12 August 1913. It caused tension between the Allied Powers and Central Powers and help with start of the First World War

London 1913
1913 in Europe
1910s in the Ottoman Empire
20th century in Albania
20th century in London
1910s in England
The Tsardom of Bulgaria (), also called the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (), sometimes translated in English as Kingdom of Bulgaria (), was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe. It was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state became a Tsardom.

References 

Government of Bulgaria
Former dictatorships
1908 establishments in Europe
1946 disestablishments in Europe
Former monarchies of Europe
Loretta Young (born Gretchen Young, January 6, 1913 - August 12, 2000) was an American actress. Young was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California when she was three. Her sisters were actresses Polly Ann Young (1908-1997) and Sally Blane (1910-1997). 

Young won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Farmer's Daughter. She won three Emmy Awards in the 1950s and a Golden Globe Award in 1986.

She was a devout Roman Catholic. She died of ovarian cancer in Los Angeles.

References

Other websites 

1913 births
2000 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
American movie actors
American Roman Catholics
American silent movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Emmy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winners
Actors from Salt Lake City, Utah
The Constitution of Albania started on 28 November 1998. It made Albania a parliamentary republic.  The constitution makes 140 deputies who elect the President of Albania and the Council of Ministers.  The Council is the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister.

Related pages
Constitution
Constitutionalism
Constitutional economics

Politics of Albania
Albania
The president of Albania  (), officially styled President of the Republic of Albania () is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.

The president has the power to set the date of the elections for the Parliament as well as referendum, grants pardons and awards.

List of presidents (1925–present)

References
The prime minister of Albania  (), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania (), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics. 

The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation and represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings.

The prime minister is appointed by the President of Albania. 

The 33rd and current officeholder is Edi Rama, who started his first four-year-term on 15 September 2013.

List

References
Napa is a city in the U.S. state of California.  It is the county seat of Napa County.

References

Other websites
 

Cities in California
County seats in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in Napa County, California
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products (formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts) is part of Disney Studios Corporation. 

The best well-known when, Disney sold their 50% of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, Disney Consumer Products began licensing the characters of Disney such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Pluto, Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Snow White, Cinderella, Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and Darth Vader among others for use in the parks.

It includes:

Disneyland Resort
Walt Disney World Resort
Tokyo Disney Resort
Disneyland Paris
Hong Kong Disneyland Resort
Shanghai Disney Resort
Disney Cruise Line
Disney Vacation Club
Adventures by Disney
Disney Regional Entertainment
Walt Disney Imagineering
Walt Disney Creative Entertainment

References

1954 establishments in the United States
American entertainment companies
Disney companies
Madeleine Astor (19 June 1893 – 27 March 1940) was an American socialite, who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic. She was married to John Jacob Astor IV. Madeleine died on March 27, 1940. She died from heart failure, but some rumors say she overdosed on drugs.

References

Other websites

1893 births
1940 deaths
People from Brooklyn
RMS Titanic
The Civil Rights Act was a law passed in the United States in 1964 by President Lyndon B Johnson. The law made it illegal to discriminate against someone based on their race or gender. It also ended segregation in schools and workplaces, along with social life. 

1964 in the United States
United States federal legislation
1960s in law
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a law of the United States. It made it easier for African-Americans and non-English speaking citizens to vote. In some parts of the United States, people were forced to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test before being allowed to vote. This process kept many African-Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act made all of those practices illegal.

1965 in the United States
African-American history
Democratic rights
United States federal legislation
1960s in law
Bok choy (also known as pak choi, boc choy, and pok choi) is classified as a Chinese cabbage.  It is part of the cabbage family and does not have the same stringiness. The dark green, crinkly leaves of the most common type are like Romaine lettuce.

History 
The Chinese, who have been cultivating the plant for more than 5000 years,  commonly refer to bok choy as pak choi or "white vegetable." Another common name is white cabbage.

References

Other websites

 

Leaf vegetables
Brassicaceae
Amadora () is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The city and municipality has 175,872 people in eleven freguesias (parishes). It has an area of 23.77 square kilometres. It is the most densely populated municipality of Portugal.

It is a suburb of Lisbon, and both cities share the same subway, bus and train network. It is  a residential city, and the landscape includes apartments, parks and industrial areas. Amadora also has immigrants from Angola, Cape Verde and Brazil.

Each year, Amadora organizes the Amadora International Comics Festival.

Parishes
 Alfornelos
 Alfragide
 Brandoa
 Buraca
 Damaia
 Falagueira
 Mina
 Reboleira
 São Brás
 Venda Nova
 Venteira

Other websites
 Câmara Municipal da Amadora - official municipal Web site
 Amadora International Comics Festival  - official festival Web site
 Latest photos and urban developments of Amadora.

Cities in Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Lisbon District
Magica is a Romanian power metal band.

Line up

Current members 
 Ana Mladinovici - Vocals
 Bogdan "Bat" Costea - Guitar
 Tibi Dutu - Bass
 Emy - guitar
 Sebastian Natas - drums

Former Members 
 Valentin "ÎngerAlb" Zechiu (2002–2008) E-Bass
 Cristi "Beavis" Bârlă (2003–2008) Drums
 Sorin Vlad (2007–2008) E-bass
 Bogdan Avrigeanu (2008-2011) - Bass
 6fingers - keyboards

Discography

Studio albums 
 The Scroll of Stone  (2002)
 Lightseeker  (2004)
 Hereafter  (2007)
 Wolves and Witches  (2008)
 Dark Diary  (2010)
 Center of the Great Unknown (2012)

VHS 
 Live in Paris (2005)

Other websites 
 
 Magica at Rockdetector
 Magica  at AFM Records
 Magica at Encyclopaedia Metallum

Power metal bands
Romanian musical entertainers
Symphonic metal is a genre that combines heavy metal with symphonic music.

Notable bands
 Nightwish
 Within Temptation
Joseph Lucien Petipa (22 December 1815  7 July 1898) was a French ballet dancer and choreographer. He was born in Marseille, France to choreographer and dancer Jean Petipa. He was the brother of Ballet Master of the Russian Imperial Ballet, Marius Petipa. Lucien made his Paris debut on 10 June 1840 in La Sylphide with Fanny Elssler. He partnered Carlotta Grisi in the first Giselle, the first Paquita, and many other ballets of the 1840s. He choreographed his first full-length ballet, Sacountala, in 1858. He choreographed a few other ballets, but devoted himself mostly to developing dancers. Between 186068, he was Ballet Master at the Paris Opéra Ballet, and later Professor of Mime at the Conservatory. In 1882, he produced his most popular and most successful ballet Namouna. He died in Versailles.

Notes 
 Beaumont, Cyril W. (1996). A Ballet Called Giselle. Dance Books. pp. 75–7 .

Other websites 

French ballet dancers
French choreographers
People from Marseille
1815 births
1898 deaths
Robert James Brown, also known as Bob (born 27 December, 1944), is a former Australian Greens Senator and former Parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens. He was the first openly gay member of the Parliament of Australia and the first openly gay leader of a political party in Australia. Prior to that, he served as a member for Denison in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1983 to 1993 and Leader of the Tasmanian Greens from their foundation in 1992 to 1993. On 13 April, 2012, Brown resigned as Greens leader and was succeeded by his deputy Christine Milne and indicated his intention to resign from the Senate in June. In May 2012 the replacement was selected and has been named as Peter Whish-Wilson who is an economist and winemaker who has previously stood for the greens and assumed office on 21 June 2012 and Senator Brown resigned on 15 June 2012.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Australian Greens politicians
Australian LGBT people
Gay men
LGBT politicians
Members of the Australian Senate
Politicians from New South Wales
Politicians from Hobart
A basketball court is a place on which people play basketball. They are found within sports buildings and outside, and usually in front of people watching.

Basketball courts can be different sizes. A National Basketball Association court is .

Basketball
Sports buildings
Archaeometallurgy is a kind of archaeology. It is the study of metals in the past, specifically the content, production, and use of metals.

Methods
Archaeometallurgy research is the analysis and comparison of the chemical composition of samples.

Archaeology
Metallurgy
Barry Robert O'Farrell (born 24 May 1959) is a former Australian politician. He was 43rd Premier of New South Wales and Minister for Western Sydney. He was the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party from 2007 to 2014. On 16 April 2914, O'Farrell announced his resignation as Premier after giving misleading evidence to the Independent Commission Against Corruption. He resigned on 17 April 2014. Mike Baird was elected new NSW Liberal Leader and was sworn in as the new Premier of New South Wales on 23 April 2014.  

On 24 November 2014, O'Farrell announced his intention not to stand for re-election at the 2015 NSW election and to retire from politics. The Liberal candidate Alister Henskens was elected to succeed O'Farrell.

References

Other websites

Premiers of New South Wales
1959 births
Living people
Politicians from Melbourne
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
In gay slang, a "friend of Dorothy" (occasionally abbreviated FOD) is a term for a gay man. The phrase dates back to at least World War II, when homosexual acts were illegal in the United States. Stating that, or asking if, someone was a "friend of Dorothy" was a euphemism used for discussing sexual orientation without others knowing its meaning.

Origin 
The origin of the phrase is most commonly attributed to the movie, The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland, who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon. In the film, Dorothy is accepting of those who are different. For example the "gentle lion" living a lie, "I'm afraid there's no denyin', I'm just a dandy lion." Others claim that the phrase refers to celebrated humorist and critic Dorothy Parker, who included some gay men in her famous social circle.
Misunderstanding 
In the early 1980s, the Naval Investigative Service was investigating homosexuality in the Chicago area. Agents discovered that gay men sometimes referred to themselves as "friends of Dorothy." Unaware of the historical meaning of the term, the NIS believed that a woman named Dorothy was at the center of a massive ring of homosexual military personnel. The NIS launched an enormous hunt for Dorothy, hoping to find her and convince her to reveal the names of gay servicemembers.

Related pages 
Judy Garland as gay icon

References
Further reading 
 Chauncey, George (1994). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940. New York: Basic Books.
 Duberman, Martin (1993). Stonewall. New York: Dutton. Lesbian and gay life before and after Stonewall, as seen by six contemporaries.
 Duberman, Martin, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey, Jr. (eds) (1989). Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past. New York: NAL Books. Twenty-nine essays covering aspects of the gay and lesbian world from ancient to contemporary times.
 Grahn, Judy (1990). Another Mother Tongue: Gay Words, Gay Worlds. Boston: Beacon Press. Explores the use of language to define gay and lesbian culture by examining stereotypes as access points into history.
 Katz, Jonathan (1992). Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: a Documentary History. Rev. Ed. New York: Meridian.
 Marcus, Eric (1992). Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945-1990: An Oral History. New York: HarperCollins.
Other websites 
 Cruise Critic on "Friends of Dorothy"

Gay slang
I Could Go On Singing is a 1963 movie starring Judy Garland and Dirk Bogarde. It was Garland's last movie. It was not a huge box office success, but it won Garland much praise for her performance. In Bogarde's autobiographies and in the 2004 biography, it is recounted that Judy Garland's lines were substantially rewritten by Bogarde (with Garland's consent).

Plot 
Judy Garland plays a superstar singer named Jenny Bowman. She had met a man 15–16 years before. He is now a prominent physician, played by British actor Dirk Bogarde. They had a child whom she let his father raise in England. Jenny wants to finally see him, but in the end is left to her true home, the stage. Originally titled The Lonely Stage, it was renamed I Could Go On Singing, so that audiences would know it was the first time Garland sang in a movie since A Star Is Born in 1954.
Cast 
 Judy Garland as Jenny Bowman
 Dirk Bogarde as David Donne
 Jack Klugman as George Kogan
 Gregory Phillips as Matt
 Aline MacMahon as Ida
 Pauline Jameson as Miss Plimpton
 Jeremy Burnham as Hospital surgeon
 Lorna Luft as girl on boat
 Joey Luft as boy on boat

Music 
All songs performed by Judy Garland.

 I Am the Monarch of the Sea (Judy Garland and Boys) from H.M.S. Pinafore  by Gilbert and Sullivan
 Hello Bluebird, words and music by Cliff Friend
 It Never Was You, Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson
 By Myself, Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz
 I Could Go On Singing, Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg
Movie reviews 
"Either you are or you aren't - a Judy Garland fan that is. And if you aren't, forget about her new movie, I Could Go On Singing, and leave the discussion to us devotees. You'll see her in close-up...in beautiful, glowing Technicolor and striking staging in a vibrant, vital performance that gets to the essence of her mystique as a superb entertainer. Miss Garland is - as always - real, the voice throbbing, the eyes aglow, the delicate features yielding to the demands of the years - the legs still long and lovely. Certainly the role of a top-rank singer beset by the loneliness and emotional hungers of her personal life is not an alien one to her..."
- Judith Crist, The New York Herald Tribune
"3 stars...Judy Garland is back on screen in a role that might have been custom-tailored for her particular talents. A new song, I Could Go On Singing, provides her with a little clowning, a chance to be gay, a time for wistfulness, an occasion for tears. She and Dirk Bogarde play wonderfully well together, even though the script itself insists on their being mismatched..."
- Dorothy Masters, The New York Daily News

Soundtrack and video/DVD releases 
It was released on video in 1989, and on DVD in 2004. The soundtrack album was released at the time of the original movie release, and appeared on CD in 2002 along with the Garland album That's Entertainment!

Other websites 
 The Judy Garland Online Discography "I Could Go On Singing" pages.

References

1963 drama movies
British drama movies
American drama movies
1963 musical movies
Movies directed by Ronald Neame
Tassili n'Ajjer is a mountain range in the Algerian part of the Sahara Desert. The name means "Plateau of the Rivers".  It 72,000 km2. large.  The range is mostly made of sandstone. 

It is known for the prehistoric rock art.  The art has herds of cattle, large wild animals including crocodiles, and human activities such as hunting and dancing.   

The nearest town is Djanet.  It is about 10 km southwest of the range.

References

Mountains of Africa
Prehistoric Africa
World Heritage Sites in Africa
Geography of Algeria
Tipaza is a town on the coast of Algeria.  It is the capital of the Tipaza Province. It was formed in 1857.  It is known for its sandy beach and ancient ruins.

References

World Heritage Sites in Africa
Settlements in Algeria
Towns in Africa
1867 establishments
Establishments in Algeria
19th-century establishments in Africa
The Barbary Coast, or Berber Coast, was the land of the Berber people. It was the name used by Europeans from the 16th to the 19th century. It was the coast of North Africa – what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. 

This area was used by pirates.  They attacked ships and coastal towns.  They stole goods and people to sell as slaves from Europe, America and sub-Saharan Africa.

References

Geography of Africa
is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

History

In the Edo period, Kameyama-juku, Seki-juku and Sakanoshita-juku were the 46th, 47th and 48th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.  All three Tōkaidō rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Numazu.

Gallery

Related pages
 The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō

References

Other websites

 Kameyama City website 
  Hiroshige prints, Kameyama ,  Seki ,  Sakanoshita 

Cities in Mie Prefecture
The National Liberation Front (French: Front de Libération Nationale FLN), is a nationalist, socialist political party in Algeria. It was formed on 1 November 1954, by several smaller groups, initially as a liberation movement, driven by anti-colonial ideology. It gained independence from France after the Algerian War. After independence in 1962, the FLN became the sole political party, and Algeria became a one-party state until in 1989 other parties were allowed to take part in elections.

History
History 

The FLN was created on 1 November 1954, yet its origins can be seen as far back as World War II when the rise of anti-colonialism and Algerian nationalist rhetoric began. It was founded to reconcile factions within the Algerian nationalist movement and to remove France as a colonial presence. By 1956 nearly all Algerian nationalist organizations had joined, led by the Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action (French: Comité Révolutionnaire d’Unité et d’Action), the FLN had established itself as Algeria's main nationalist group.

Algerian War 

The Algerian War was launched in 1954, as the FLN led forces with their military division, the National Liberation Army, against French occupation. The National Liberation Army used predominantly guerrilla warfare, which characterized this period for the group. In 1962 the FLN entered talks with the French President Charles de Gaulle, concluding with the signing of the Evian Accords, which led to Algerian independence

Ideology

War-time