Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Origins 
The emergence of Arab nationalism in the early twentieth century falls in line with the historical developments of the time as well as earlier ideological developments. Among the historical developments, is the Ottoman Empire’s neglect of the Arab region as well as their overusage of the region's agricultural resources during the period of World War I. After the Ottomans, there was the imperialist presence of the French and the British in former Ottoman regions like Syria and Iraq. The combination of being ruled by others as well as the rise of nationalist ideologies across the globe had given rise to Arab nationalism and eventually Ba’athism.
Beliefs 
Since the first establishment of a Ba’athist party in Syria in the 1940s, there have been a number of different Ba'athist parties and figureheads. The most prominent examples are Saddam Hussein in Iraq and Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar al-Assad in Syria. There are different forms of Ba'athism. However, the core principles can be reduced to the writings and ideas of Michel Aflaq. These principles are Arab nationalism, revolution, pan-Arabism, anti-imperialism and socialism.

When Aflaq speaks of (Arab) nationalism in an essay, he describes it as unconditional and even unquestionable love for the Arab nationality. Part of the love for the Arab nationality is to be of “useful service” to the Arab nation. This idea of the Arab citizens’ individual responsibilities and services ties in with the socialist aspects of Ba'athism.
In an address to a branch of the Arab Ba’ath Party, Aflaq speaks of ‘the Arab mission’. This ‘Arab mission’ is to return the Arabs to the greatness they were in the past and to unite the Arab regions to form one nation, also known as pan-Arabism. He says: “The experience in which our struggle takes place is that of the Arab nation dismembered into different countries and statelets, artificial and counterfeit; we struggle until we can reunite these scattered members[…]”. According to Aflaq, this mission can only be accomplished through revolution: “Our past was a revolution and we will never reach its level or meet with it except through revolution.”

Ba'athism in Syria
The beginning of the Ba'ath party in Syria
In the year 1943, the Ba’ath Arab Socialist Party was founded in Syria by Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar. The two met when they were studying in Paris from 1928 to 1934. The two were already nationalists before they went to study in France. However, it is during their stay in France that they learned about and adopted the ideas of socialism. They returned to Syria to work as teachers and in 1943 started the Ba’ath Arab Socialist Party. Syria became independent from France in 1946 and continued as a democracy. However, Syria still had problems within but also problematic relationships with the surrounding countries. The country was still in chaos and figuring itself out when the army decided to take matters into its own hands in 1949 by overthrowing the government. After this, a series of coups followed in quick succession. In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a union to become the United Arab Republic. However, Syria decided to separate after 3 years in 1961, because Egypt was too dominant in the union
. Throughout the years, Ba'athist ideas had been spreading in Syria and also within parts of the Syrian army. This resulted in a Ba'athist coup in 1963 by army officers. Among these officers was Hafez al-Assad who later in 1970 seized power in Syria.
Syria under the al-Assad reign 
Hafez al-Assad and his son Basher al-Assad have ruled Syria under the Ba’ath party and their version of the Ba’ath ideology. Hafez al-Assad ruled over Syria from 1970 until his death in 2000. During his reign, many atrocities as well as assassinations took place against those who opposed him. After his death, his son Basher al-Assad succeeded him and to-date rules over Syria. Under his reign, the Syrian Civil War started.

Ba'athism in Iraq
Ba'athism in Iraq

The beginning of the Ba'ath party in Iraq 
After the Ba’ath party was established in 1943 in Syria, Ba’athism reached Iraq in the late 1940s and became well known among young university students. In 1951, Fu ‘ad al-Rikabi became the founder and first leader of the Iraqi Regional Branch. The Iraqi Regional Branch was an Iraqi version of the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party. With time, more students became a member of the Iraqi Ba’ath party. By 1955, its members numbered 300. In 1956, Saddam Hussein became a member as well. On July 17, 1968, the party succeeded in overthrowing the government after a failed coup d'état in 1963, and began its thirty-five-year domination of Iraq.
Important events during the reign of the Ba'ath party 
After the overthrow in 1968, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr was appointed as the new president of Iraq. During his reign, he nationalised the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), which stimulated the economic growth of the country. In July 1979, Saddam Hussein took over the presidentship of al-Bakr and started his twenty-four-year rulership. In 1980, the Iran-Iraq war emerged, which has seen eight years of severe violence and is notable for the use of chemical and biological warfare. In 1990, Iraq led the invasion of Kuwait, which led to its second major war, namely the Gulf war in 1991. In 2003, the reign of Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath party came to an end when the United States led the invasion of Iraq, also known as the start of the Iraq war.
Post-Ba'ath era 
In May 2003, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) recognized, through Resolution 1483, the military occupation of Iraq by the United States and the United Kingdom. They ended the economic sanctions, which had been in place for thirteen years, and permitted humanitarian aid, reconstruction and the establishment of a new government. Despite the optimistic plans for the future, Iraq was close to collapse at the end of 2006, which was also caused by the execution of Saddam Hussein on December 30th. The loss of the then Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and his party, who was at power since 2006, during the 2010 elections for a new assembly and government, and the departure of the US forces in 2011 contributed to a tense situation. In addition to the political tension, Iraq has also suffered a lot from Islamic extremist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS until today.

References 

Nationalism
Socialism
Arab world
Denton Arthur Cooley (August 22, 1920 – November 18, 2016) was an American heart surgeon. He was known for doing the first implantation of a complete artificial heart. Cooley was also the founder and surgeon in-chief of The Texas Heart Institute, chief of Cardiovascular Surgery at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, consultant in Cardiovascular Surgery at Texas Children's Hospital, and a clinical professor of Surgery at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston.

He studied zoology in the University of Texas and graduated in 1941. He began his medical education at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. He completed his medical degree and his surgical training at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, where he also completed his internship. At Johns Hopkins, he worked with Dr. Alfred Blalock and helped with the first Blue Baby procedure to treat a child's congenital heart defect.
In 1946, Cooley served as chief of surgical services at the station hospital in Linz, Austria for the Army Medical Corps. He was discharged (released) in 1948 with the rank of captain. Then, he returned to Johns Hopkins to remain as an instructor in surgery. In 1950, he went to London to work with Lord Russell Brock.

Cooley died at his home in Houston on November 18, 2016, aged 96.

References 

2016 deaths
Scientists from Houston
1920 births
American physicians
The Pizzicato Polka is a piece of orchestral music by Johann Strauss II. Strauss composed it with his brother Josef in 1869 for a trip to Imperial Russia. It was published in 1870. The polka was written for string orchestra and glockenspiel. It was hugely popular, especially in Italy, where it was included on every program Strauss played there. The piece consists of four melodies and the work is arranged in ternary form (A-B-A). The piece is scored for plucked strings.

References
 

Compositions by Johann Strauss II
Emeritus is a title given to a professor, bishop or other person with an important office. The title says that these people, while still holding their title, no longer practice their function. Usually, this is done because of old age. Usually the emeritus is put after the official title of the person, as in Professor emeritus.

In the time of the Roman Empire, it was used for soldiers, to say that they no longer needed to serve in the army. That way, a Bishop emeritus no longer needs to take part in the celebration of the mass, but he is still able to perform confirmations or to ordain priests. 

Titles
Mumford & Sons are an English folk rock band from London. 

The band was formed in 2007 by band members Marcus Mumford, Ben Lovett, Winston Marshall and Ted Dwane. Lead vocalist Marcus Mumford organised the band and their performances and was one of the most visible members of the band because of this the band decided to use the name Mumford & Sons.

They released their debut studio album Sigh No More on 2 October 2009. They later released their second studio album Babel on 21 September 2012. Babel won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards. They were also a part of the documentary Big Easy Express which won a Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video.

Band members 
Current
Marcus Mumford - lead vocals, guitar, drums, mandolin (2007–present)
Ben Lovett - vocals, keyboards, accordion, drums, electric guitar (2007–present)
Winston Marshall - vocals, banjo, dobro, electric guitar (2007–present)
Ted Dwane - vocals, double bass, bass guitar, drums, guitar (2007–present)

Discography
Discography

Albums
Sigh No More (2009)
Babel (2012)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s British music groups
2007 establishments in England
2010s British music groups
Musical groups from London
Bluegrass bands
Folk music groups
Indie bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 2007
Kings Island is a  amusement park located  northeast of Cincinnati in Mason, Ohio, United States. The park is owned and operated by the Cedar Fair company. It operates from  April to December. The park features 48 rides total and has 14 roller coasters including Banshee, The Bat, Mystic Timbers, , Diamondback, and other attractions. The park opened to the public on April 29, 1972.  Great Wolf Lodge nearby, is next to the amusement park.

The newest ride at Kings Island is Orion.
Theme parks in the United States
Buildings and structures in Ohio
1972 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Ohio
The Symphony No. 94 in G major is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was first performed in London on 23 March 1792 under Haydn's direction. It is nicknamed the Surprise Symphony. The symphony's nickname is derived from the sudden loud chord played by the entire orchestra in the second movement. This movement is a set of variations on a sweet, gentle theme. The chord was Haydn's afterthought; it does not appear in the manuscript. One theory suggests Haydn inserted this loud chord saying, "That will make the ladies jump!". Another theory suggests he inserted it to wake up the music lovers who had dozed off after their dinners and drinks. Another theory suggests he inserted it to make the symphony memorable in light of the competition he faced from a series of London concerts directed by Ignaz Pleyel.

References
 Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music. All Media Guide, LLC. pp. 574–575. 

Symphony 094
MedlinePlus is a free website that gives free consumer health information for patients, families, and health care providers. The site has information from the United States National Library of Medicine, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), other U.S. government agencies, and health-related organizations.  The U.S. National Library of Medicine produces and maintains the site.  MedlinePlus includes a companion site in Spanish, which offers similar content for the Spanish-speaking community.  It also offers a mobile site in both English and Spanish optimized for display on mobile devices.  Over 150 million people from around the world use MedlinePlus each year.
MedlinePlus contains:
 Health topics and a medical encyclopedia from A.D.A.M., Inc. covering hundreds of diseases, conditions, and wellness issues.
 Drug information for both generic and brand-name prescription and over-the-counter medications.
 Herbal and dietary supplement information.
 A medical dictionary.
 Health news articles from Reuters Health Information and HealthDay, plus press releases from major medical organizations.
 Directories of physicians, dentists, hospitals, clinics, and other health care providers.
 Videos of surgical procedures and anatomy videos.
 Interactive health tutorials that use animations and sound to explain conditions and procedures.
 MedlinePlus Connect, a service linking patients or providers in electronic health record (EHR) systems to related MedlinePlus information on conditions or medications.
 A mobile site  to provide authoritative health information for the growing audience of mobile internet users.

References

Science websites
Medical publications
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a way to keep track of for the purpose of journal articles and books in the life sciences; it can also serve as a thesaurus that makes searching easier. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings.

MeSH was introduced in 1963. The yearly printed version was discontinued in 2007 and MeSH is now available online only. It can be browsed and downloaded free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different languages.

References

Medical publications
The Diseases Database is a database on a free website that gives information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. The database is run by Medical Object Oriented Software Enterprises Ltd, a small company based in London, UK.

The site's stated aim is "education, background reading and general interest" with an intended audience "physicians, other clinical healthcare workers and students of these professions". The editor of the site is stated as Malcolm H Duncan, a UK qualified medical doctor.

Organization
The Diseases Database is based around a collection of concepts related to human medicine. These concepts include diseases, drugs, symptoms, physical signs and abnormal laboratory results. These are referred to as 'items'.
There are around 8,000 items within the database.

References

Databases
Science websites
Medical manuals
eMedicine is an online research tool for clinical studies. It was founded in 1996 by two medical doctors, Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely. The website is searchable by keyword. It has about 6,800 articles, each of which is associated with one of 62 clinical subspecialty textbooks. Pediatrics, for example, consists of 14 subspecialty textbooks (endocrinology, genetics, cardiology, pulmonology, etc.).  For example, 750 articles are the textbook on emergency medicine.  Each article is authored by board-certified specialists in the subspecialty to which the article belongs. The article's authors are identified with their current jobs.  Each article is updated yearly and the date is published on the article.

History
It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.

The site is free to use, requiring only registration.  More than 10,000 contributors from several countries participated in the creation of the articles. It is operated as an e-book, the articles can be downloaded into a palm top device.
It was originally conceived in 1996 as an emergency medicine textbook but its content has expanded a lot since then to include allergy and immunology, cardiology, clinical procedures, critical care, dermatology, emergency medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology. genomic medicine, hematology, infectious diseases, nephrology, neurology, obstetrics/gynecology, oncology, pathology, perioperative care, physical medicine and rehabilitation, psychiatry, pulmonology, radiology, rheumatology, and sports medicine. Surgical subspecialties include neurosurgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, (ENT) and facial plastic surgery, plastic surgery, thoracic surgery, transplantation, Trauma, urology, and vascular surgery.

References

Other websites
 eMedicine website
 Online Pharmacy USA

Databases
Medical manuals
Science websites
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a list of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases. Each item is given a code by the World Health Organization (WHO).

References

Respiratory system
Reference works
In Norse mythology, Nanna is the goddess of joy and peace. She is a wife of Baldur.

Nanna is also the Norse goddess of the Moon. She dies of a broken heart after Baldur is killed because of Loki convincing Höðr to kill him. 

Norse gods and goddesses
A bristle is a stiff hair or feather. Also used are synthetic materials such as nylon in items such as brooms and sweepers. Bristles are often used to make brushes for cleaning uses: common examples are the toothbrush and toilet brush. The bristle brush is a common household cleaning tool, often used to remove dirt or grease from pots and pans.

Hair
"Le Roy le veult" ("The King wills it") or "La Reyne le veult" ("The Queen wills it") is a Norman French line used in the Parliament of the United Kingdom to show that a public or private bill has received Royal Assent from the Monarch.

History 
The practice of giving Royal Assent came from William the Conqueror to show that the King intended for something to be made law. Norman French came to be used as the normal language of the educated classes and of the law, though Latin continued to be used with it. The work of the Parliament of England was conducted entirely in French until the latter part of Edward III's reign (1327–1377) and English was only rarely used before the reign of Henry VI (1422–61, 1470–71). Royal Assent was sometimes given in English, though more often in French. The practice of recording Parliamentary statutes in French or Latin stopped by 1488 and statutes have been published in English ever since.
Usage 
The line is used to show that the Monarch has granted their Royal Assent to a bill in order to make it become law. It is used by the Clerk of the Parliaments in the House of Lords. It is only used after the Lord Chancellor with the Lords Commissioners, has read out the Letters patent for the bill. The Clerk of the Crown then reads out the short title of the bill and the Clerk of the Parliament responds by saying the line 19 times towards the House of Commons at the bar of the House. The line is also written on the paper of the bill to show that the Monarch granted Royal Assent to the bill.

The line has been used wrongly on other bills, same as the wrong line has also been used for government bills. There are a few occasions where this has happened, most notably on the Act of Supremacy 1558 where "Soit fait comme il est désiré", the line used for personal bills, was used instead of "La Reyne le veult".
If the Royal Assent is refused, the line "Le Roy / La Reyne s'avisera" would be used, though in practice no British monarch since Queen Anne has not given royal assent since a dispute over militia in Scotland in 1707.

Sources 

Government of the United Kingdom
George Joseph Herriman (August 22, 1880 – April 25, 1944) was an American cartoonist. He is best known for his comic strip Krazy Kat (1913–1944).

References

McDonnell, Patrick; O'Connell, Karen; Havenon, Georgia Riley de (1986). Krazy Kat: The Comic Art of George Herriman. Harry N. Abrams. .

1880 births
1944 deaths
American cartoonists
American comics artists
Samuel James "Sam" Champion (born August 13, 1961) is the weather anchor of ABC's Good Morning America and weather editor of ABC News. Champion was born in Paducah, Kentucky. He has a B.A. in broadcast journalism from Eastern Kentucky University. He worked on Good Morning America as a weatherman, making reportedly $1.5 million per year. On April 7, 2012, he debuted as host of Sea Rescue, an educational and informational television program that focuses on the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of animals back into the wild.
Champion is active in many charitable organizations in the New York City area including the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, March of Dimes, and "Stopping AIDS Together". He co-hosted the New York City Project's 2002 "Courage Awards". On 20 February 2013 The Wall Street Journal reported that a former Mets teammate of baseball player Mike Piazza's said in 2000 that Piazza and Champion were involved in a homosexual relationship. Piazza denied this in 2002. Champion and his longtime partner Rubem Robierb were married on December 21, 2012. 

Champion left Good Morning America in December 2013, and later moved to The Weather Channel hosting AMHQ from March 2014 until October 2015.

References

1961 births
American television personalities
LGBT broadcasters
American LGBT people
Living people
The Opera House is a former opera house and current pub in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is also a Grade II listed building.

Sources

Opera houses
Grade II listed buildings
Pubs
Buildings and structures in Kent
The River Medway is a river which flows for  from the High Weald in Sussex, through Kent to the point where it enters the Thames Estuary. The river becoms tidal after Allington Lock.

Tributaries

The major tributaries of the medway are:

 River Eden
 River Bourne, known as the River Shode and River Busty
 River Teise, major sub tributary River Bewl.
 River Beult
 Loose Stream
 River Len

Navigation

Until 1746 the river was impassable above Maidstone. The Environment Agency is the navigation authority.

References

Rivers of England

Kent
The Incredible Hulk is a steel launched roller coaster. It is at Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida. It is themed and named after Hulk, a popular comic book superhero character. It has a launched tube known as the Gamma Tube that the roller coaster launches from. The ride was manfactured by Bolliger & Mabillard and has 7 inversions. It was the only Bolliger & Mabillard launched roller coaster in the world until Thunderbird opened.

Inversions 

The Incredible Hulk has the following inversions:
Zero G Roll
Cobra roll
2 Loops
Corkscrew

Other websites

Roller coasters in the United States
Orlando, Florida
Steel roller coasters
Hulk (Marvel Comics)
Roller coasters by name
Launched roller coasters
The Church of King Charles the Martyr is a Church of England parish church in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is a Grade I listed building.

Sources

Anglican churches in England

Buildings and structures in Kent
Grade I listed buildings
17th-century buildings and structures
The EADS Harfang is an unmanned aerial vehicle developed for service in the French Air Force.

Development
The project was inspired by the IAI Heron, an Israeli drone aircraft shown at the 1999 Paris Air Show. It was built by EADS, the European Aeronautics and Space company now part of Airbus.

Name
Its name comes from Harfang des neiges, the French name for the snowy owl, a raptor (bird of prey).

Specifications 
The Harfang is a twin-boom aircraft, propelled by a rear-mounted engine. Avionics include GPS. It has no weapon on board.

Service

Users 
 
 Armée de l'Air.
 Escadron de Drones 1/33 "Adour".

Use 
In May 2011, it was used for observation of the G8 meeting in Deauville. 
In January 2013, France used this plane for reconnaissance against Islamist terrorists who occupy the north of Mali.

References 

French military aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Jimmy Roberts (April 6, 1923 - February 6, 1999) was an American singer. He performed on The Lawrence Welk Show from 1955 to 1982. He sang several songs during his years on The Lawrence Welk Show.

Roberts was originally from Kentucky. He was married from 1985 until he died. He had four children. He died in 1999 in Clearwater, Florida.

1924 births
1999 deaths
Singers from Kentucky
John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era. He was also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He was hugely influential in the last half of the 19th century, up to the First World War. 

Ruskin wrote on a wide range of subjects. These included geology, architecture, myths, ornithology, literature, education, botany, and political economy. In all his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.

Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner. He argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature". From the 1850s he championed the Pre-Raphaelites who were influenced by his ideas.
In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. He founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that still exists.

References

Other websites
Ruskin at Victorian web

1819 births
1900 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Art critics
British critics
Writers from London
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals with high concentrations of OH−, F−, Cl− or ions, respectively, in the crystal.

Apatite is characteristic of biological systems. It is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems. It hardness defines 5 on the Mohs scale. Hydroxyapatite is the main component of tooth enamel and bone mineral.

Much bone material is in a relatively rare form of apatite. In this form most of the OH groups are absent, and there are many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions.

Fluorapatite (or fluoroapatite) is more resistant to acid attack than is hydroxyapatite. In the mid-20th century it was discovered that communities whose water supply naturally contained fluorine had lower rates of dental caries.  Fluoridated water allows exchange in the teeth of fluoride ions for hydroxyl groups in apatite. Similarly, toothpaste often includes a source of fluoride anions (e.g. sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate).

References 

Minerals
Diana Serra Cary (born Peggy-Jean Montgomery; October 29, 1918 – February 24, 2020), known as Baby Peggy, was an American silent movie actress, author, and historian. Cary was one of the last surviving actors from the silent movie era. She retired in 1938. She then wrote books about her career.

Cary was born on October 26, 1918 in Merced, California. She studied at Lawlor Professional School and at Fairfax High School. She was raised in San Diego, California. 

Cary was married to Gordon Ayres from 1938 until they divorced in 1948. Then she was married to Bob Cary from 1954 until his death in 2001. She has one son, Mark Cary.  

Cary died on February 24, 2020 in Gustine, California at the age of 101.

References

Other websites

 
 
An interview with Baby Peggy
Baby Peggy at Virtual History

1918 births
2020 deaths
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American child actors
American historians
Actors from San Diego, California
Writers from San Diego, California
Marie Osborne Yeats (born Helen Alice Myres; November 5, 1911 – November 11, 2010), was an American actress, credited as Baby Marie between 1914 and 1919.

Osborne was born on November 5, 1911 in Denver, Colorado. She was raised in Long Beach, California. Osborne was married to Frank J. Dempsey from 1931 until they divorced in 1936. They had one daughter, Joan. Then she was married to Murray F. Yates from 1945 until his death in 1975. Osborne died on November 11, 2010 in her home in San Clemente, California from natural causes, aged 99.

References

Other websites

NitrateVille Obituary
Baby Marie Osborne 1999 profile 
Literature on Baby Marie Osborne
2005 biography of Baby Marie Osborne
Marie Osborne Yeats at Find A Grave

1911 births
2010 deaths
American silent movie actors
American child actors
Actors from Denver
Actors from Long Beach, California
Jean Darling (born Dorothy Jean LeVake; August 23, 1922 – September 4, 2015) was an American silent movie actress, singer, and writer. She was been in many movies when she was a child. She was one of the last surviving actors from the silent movie area. 

Darling was born on August 23, 1922 in Santa Monica, California. She was married to Reuben Bowen from 1954 until his death in 1980. They have a son, Roy Bowen. Darling lived in Dublin, Ireland where she writes many books about her career. She died on September 4, 2015 at her son's house in Rodgau, Germany at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

Her Website

1922 births
2015 deaths
American silent movie actors
American child actors
Singers from California
Writers from California
Actors from Santa Monica, California
Lupita Tovar (July 27, 1910 – November 12, 2016) was a Mexican-American silent movie actress. She was known for her role in the 1931 Spanish version of Dracula.

Personal life
Tovar was born on July 27, 1910 in Matías Romero, Oaxaca, Mexico. She began acting and was raised in Mexico City, Mexico. Tovar was married to Paul Kohner from 1932 until his death in 1988. They had a daughter, Susan Kohner.

Death
Tovar died on November 12, 2016 at her home in Los Angeles, California of heart disease, aged 106.

References

Other websites

 

1910 births
2016 deaths
Mexican movie actors
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Actors from Mexico City
People from Oaxaca
Rebecca Isabelle "Carla" Laemmle (October 20, 1909 – June 12, 2014) was an American silent movie actress. She was one of the last surviving and oldest actors from the silent movie area. Her best known roles was in Dracula (1931). She retired in 2012 at the age of 103. She was the niece of Carl Laemmle.

Laemmle was born on October 20, 1909 in Chicago, Illinois. She was of German Jewish ancestry.

Laemmle died from natural causes on June 12, 2014 in Los Angeles, California, aged 104.

References

Other websites
 

1909 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Chicago
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Jewish American actors
Dear John is a 2010 American war drama movie set in Charleston, South Carolina. It stars Channing Tatum and Amanda Seyfried. The movie is about a soldier who falls in love with a college student called Savannah Lynn Curtis.

It is based on the novel of the same name.

2010 drama movies
2010s war movies
American drama movies
American war movies
Autism in fiction
Charleston, South Carolina
English-language movies
Movies based on the September 11 attacks
Movies about autism
Theodore Taylor (June 23, 1921 – October 26, 2006) was an American author and singer. He wrote more than 50 books, but is mostly known for his Edgar Award-winning book The Weirdo and The Cay.

Taylor was born on June 23, 1921 in Statesville, North Carolina. He was never married and had no children. Taylor died on October 26, 2006 in his home in Laguna Beach, California from a heart attack, aged 85.

References

Other websites
Theodore Taylor's website
Stewart, Jocelyn. (2006, October 28). "Theodore Taylor, 85; wrote 'The Cay' and other novels for the young." The Los Angeles Times

1921 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
African American writers
Writers from North Carolina
Singers from North Carolina
Kunani () is a city in Kohdasht County, Lorestan, Iran. There were 3,746 people living here in 2006.

References

Cities in Lorestan Province
Dazed and Confused is a 1993 American comedy movie. It is about the lives of teenagers during their last days of high school in May 1976 in Austin, Texas. Milla Jovovich plays Michelle. Parker Posey plays Darla Marks. This movie was released on September 24, 1993 in the United States. It made only $7.9 million, though reviews were extremely positive thanks to its cult status.

1993 comedy movies
1990s coming-of-age movies
1990s high school movies
1990s teen comedy movies
American coming-of-age movies
American high school movies
American teen comedy movies
Austin, Texas
Coming-of-age comedy movies
Cult movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about suburbia
Movies set in Texas
Movies set in the 1970s
American independent movies
Scrabble was a television game show that aired from 1984 to 1993. It was based on the Scrabble board game. It was hosted by Chuck Woolery. on July 2 1984-June 11 1993 After NBC on USA Network 1994 During Press Your Luck or Other 2 Slot Number or 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Letter A-Z Like Wheel of Fortune Hangman (1975) on March 1984-June 1993 Both in 1984 One March or July or Other Calendar Year Month Hosted Chuck Woolrey in 1973 Born Until December 25 1981 Finale

Gameplay
Gameplay

Two players competed. At the start, a computer image of the Scrabble board was shown. A letter would be given in the center space. The host told the players the number of letters in the word, and then read a clue to the word. The player would take two numbered tiles. These tiles were placed in a slot, giving the player two letters. The player would then choose a letter to place in the word. If the letter was in the word, it was placed into the word. The player then made a guess to the word or placed the other tile. If the player could not guess the word after placing the tile, they took two more tiles. Play continued until the player guessed the word (done by the player hitting their buzzer) or there was only one letter left in the word. If a correct guess was made, the player won the word. If an incorrect guess was made, play passed to the other player. Three words won the game. Two games were played with two different players.
Three of the letters were "Stoppers," a letter that was not in the word. If one of those letters were chosen, the player lost their turn.

Some of the letters were placed into blue and pink squares. If the player guessed the word after placing a letter into one of these squares, they won a bonus. A blue square was worth $500, while a pink square was worth $1,000 to Count Money

If all three stoppers were chosen, there was a 2-2 tie, or time was running short, Speedword was played. In Speedword, each letter in the word was revealed one at a time. The first player to buzz in with a correct guess won the word. 3 Stoopers 1 or 2

Scrabble Sprint
Scrabble Sprint

The two winning players of the main game played in the Scrabble Sprint. Here, the winners of the two games competed to guess four words in the fastest time. The four words were six, seven, eight, and nine letters long. The winner of the first game played first. For each word, the player was told the number of letters in the word, and then was given a clue. When the host said to start, the clock started counting up. The player was given two letters, and selected one to place in the word. When the player wanted to guess the word, they hit a buzzer and made their guess. If correct, they moved on to the next word. If incorrect, ten seconds was added to their time, and they had to play another word of the same length. Once the player guessed all four words, the clock stopped. This set the time for the second player to beat.
The second player played with the same four words. This time around, the clock counted down. If the second player got all four words within this time, the player won. If not, the first player won.

Bonus Sprint

The winner of the Scrabble Sprint moved on to the Bonus Sprint. Here, the player had to get two words within ten seconds. The rules were the same as the Scrabble Sprint. If the player got both words, they won a jackpot that started at $5,000 and increased by $1,000 each day that it was not won.

Show history

Scrabble aired from 1984 to 1990 on NBC. It was later revived in 1993 on the same network.

Television game shows
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Inverted Coaster (sometimes known as Inverts by Coaster enthusiasts) is a roller coaster designed by Bolliger and Mabillard and was first conceived in 1992. Unlike the other coaster which above the track, This coaster sits you by the bottom of the track. making a flying sensation.

Development 
The inverted coaster was coined by the Swiss roller coaster designers Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) In 1991/92. The first installation of the Inverts came at Six Flags Great America in 1992. Batman: The Ride opened to much fanfare and was "cloned" many times at other parks. The inverted coaster quickly became an favorite with custom designs installed nearly every year. The tallest and fastest inverted coaster is Wicked Twister at Cedar Point at 215 feet (66 m) tall and reaching speeds up to 72 miles per hour. Although, it was not built by B&M. The longest inverted coaster is Banshee at Kings Island which travels along 4,124 feet of track.
Other roller coaster manufacturers followed in the footsteps of Bolliger & Mabillard and began working on their own inverted coaster designs, including Vekoma, Intamin (Which was the builders of Wicker Twister in 2002) and other smaller companies. Intamin has few designs classified as inverted coasters, although they do install inverted coaster trains on some of their launched designs. Vekoma

In recent years, Vekoma has become the first manufacturer to install a family-friendly inverted roller coaster.

The inversions usually include vertical loops, zero gravity rolls, Immelmann loops, cobra rolls, and corkscrews.

Installations 
189 inverted roller coasters have been installed at various theme parks, some of which have been relocated. The following list is not exhaustive and only shows the most notable installations.

Gallery

References 

Roller coasters
William James Adams Jr. (born March 15, 1975), known professionally as will.i.am (pronounced "Will-I-am"), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer. He is best known as a founding and lead member of the musical group Black Eyed Peas.

As a solo artist, will.i.am has released four solo albums. His first album Lost Change, was released in 2001 through Atlantic Records. His second album, Must B 21, was released on September 23, 2003. The track "Go!" was regularly used as the theme for NBA Live 2005 and Madden NFL 2005. The third album, Songs About Girls, was released on September 25, 2007. He released his fourth studio album, #willpower, in 2013.

As a record producer, will.i.am has produced music with other artists. In collaborations and with the Black Eyed Peas, he has a total of 41 top-40 entries on the UK Singles Chart since 1998, and has sold 9.4 million singles in the UK.

References

Other websites
Living people
Pop rappers
1975 births
American movie actors
American hip hop singers
Rappers from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
American record producers
Grammy Award winners
Black Eyed Peas members
Rachel Mary Berkeley Portman, OBE (born 11 December 1960) is a English composer, best known for composing music for movies. She was the first woman to win the Academy Award for Best Original Score

Movie Music
Privileged (1982)
 Reflections (1984)
 Last Day of Summer (1984)
 Four Days in July (1985)
 Sharma and Beyond (1986)
 Good as Gold (1986)
 A Little Princess (1986)
 1914 All Out (1987)
 The Short and Curlies (1987)
 The Falklands War: The Untold Story (1987)
 90 Degrees South (1987)
 The Storyteller (1988) TV Series
 Loving Hazel (1988)
 Sometime in August (1988)
 The Woman in Black (1989)
 Young Charlie Chaplin (1989)
 Monster Maker (1989)
 Living with Dinosaurs (1989)
 Precious Bane (1989) (TV)
 Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1990)
 Shoot to Kill (1990)
 Life Is Sweet (1990)
 The Storyteller: Greek Myths (1990)
 The Widowmaker (1990)
 Where Angels Fear to Tread (1991)
 Antonia and Jane (1991)
 Flea Bites (1991) (TV)
 Used People (1992)
 Mr. Wakefield's Crusade (1992) (TV)
 Rebecca's Daughters (1992)
 The Cloning of Joanna May (1992)
 Friends (1993)
 The Joy Luck Club (1993)
 Benny & Joon (1993)
 Ethan Frome (1993)
 Great Moments in Aviation (1993)
 The Road to Wellville (1994)
 Only You (1994)
Only You (1994)
 Sirens (1994)
 War of the Buttons (1994)
 To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995)
Palookaville (1995)
 Smoke (1995)
 A Pyromaniac's Love Story (1995)
 Marvin's Room (1996)
 Emma (1996) (Won the Academy Award for Best Musical or Comedy Score)
 The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996)
 Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
 Addicted to Love (1997)
 Beloved (1998)
 Home Fries (1998)
 The Cider House Rules (1999)
 Ratcatcher (1999)
 The Other Sister (1999)
 Chocolat (2000)
 The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000)
 The Closer You Get :) (2000)
 The Emperor's New Clothes (2001)
 Nicholas Nickleby (2002)
 The Truth About Charlie (2002)
 Hart's War (2002)
 Mona Lisa Smile (2003)
 The Human Stain (2003)
 The Manchurian Candidate (2004)
 Lard (2004)
 Oliver Twist (2005)
 Define Normal (2005)
 Because of Winn-Dixie (2005)
 Infamous (2006)
 The Lake House (2006)
 H2Hope: The Water Diviner's Tale (Musical, BBC Prom 57) (2007)
 Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008)
 The Duchess (2008)
 Grey Gardens (2009)
 Never Let Me Go (2010)
 Snow Flower and the Secret Fan (2010)
I Don't Know How She Does It (2011; rejected score)
 One Day (2011)
 Bel Ami (2011; shared scoring credit with Lakshman Joseph De Saram)
 The Vow (2012; some of the film also scored by Michael Brook)
 Private Peaceful (2012)
 Still Life (2013)
 Untitled Diablo Cody Project (sometimes called Lamb of God) (2013)
References

1960 births
Living people
English composers
Academy Award winning composers
Salmon Portland Chase (January 13, 1808 – May 7, 1873) was an American politician and jurist who was U.S. Senator from Ohio and the 23rd Governor of Ohio; as U.S. Treasury Secretary under President Abraham Lincoln; and as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States. He was one of the most famous Republicans of his time.

Chase was born on January 13, 1808 in Cornish, New Hampshire. He was raised in Windsor, Vermont and Worthington, Ohio. He studied at Cincinnati College and in Dartmouth College. Chase was married to Katherine Garmiss from 1834 until they divorced. Then he was married to Eliza Ann Smith from 1839 until they divorced. Then he was married to Sarah Dunlop from 1846 until his death in 1873. He had six daughters. Chase died on May 7, 1873 in New York City, New York from an illness, aged 65.

References

Other websites
Other websites

The Life of Salmon P. Chase, Attorney General of Fugitive Slaves.
 The Salmon P. Chase papers, including correspondence and a myriad of biographical materials spanning the years 1820-1884, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Salmon P. Chase 
Eulogy on Chief-Justice Chase, delivered by William M. Evarts, 1874
Booknotes interview with John Niven on Salmon P. Chase: A Biography, May 28, 1995. 

1808 births
1873 deaths
Chief justices of the United States
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Governors of Ohio
United States senators from Ohio
Politicians from New Hampshire
Politicians from Vermont
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Ohio
Lawyers from Vermont
Lawyers from New Hampshire
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 20 (also known as America's Next Top Model: Guys & Girls) is the twentieth season of America's Next Top Model. It is the fourteenth season to be shown on The CW. The season started in summer 2013. Tyra Banks, Kelly Cutrone, Bryanboy, and Rob Evans returned as judges on the show. Like in the previous cycle, the public votes on contestants.

It is the first season of America's Next Top Model to include more than fourteen contestants. It is also the first to have male contestants in the competition. Male contestants has happened previously in Spain's Supermodelo 2008 and Bosnia and Herzegovina's OBN Star Model.

Prizes
The prizes for this cycle are:

 A modeling contract with NEXT Model Management
 A spread in Nylon magazine.
 A US$100,000 ad campaign with Guess

Contestants
(ages stated are at time of contest)

Episode Summary

Episode 1 & 2

casting episode
casting episode

Episode 3
First Call-Out: Marvin Cortes
Bottom Three: Mike Scocozza, Bianca Alexa & Chris Schellenger
Eliminated: Bianca Alexa & Chris Schellenger

Episode 4
First Call-Out: Mike Scocozza
Bottom Two: Don Benjamin & Chlea Ramirez
Eliminated: Chlea Ramirez

Episode 5
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Two: Mike Scocozza & Jeremy Rohmer
Eliminated: Mike Scocozza

Episode 6
First Call-Out: Cory Wade Hindorff
Bottom Two: Jiana Davis & Alexandra Agro
Eliminated: Alexandra Agro

Episode 7
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Three: Kanani Andaluz, Phil Sullivan & Jeremy Rohmer
Eliminated: Kanani Andaluz & Jeremy Rohmer

Episode 8
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Two: Phil Sullivan & Jiana Davis
Eliminated: Jiana Davis

Episode 9
First Call-Out: Chris Hernandez
Bottom Two: Marvin Cortes & Phil Sullivan
Eliminated: Phil Sullivan
Returned: Alexandra Agro

Episode 10
recap episode
Episode 11
Returned: Jeremy Rohmer
First Call-Out: Nina Burns
Bottom Two: Alexandra Agro & Chris Hernandez
Eliminated: Alexandra Agro

Episode 12
First Call-Out: Nina Burns
Bottom Two: Don Benjamin & Marvin Cortes
Eliminated: Don Benjamin

Episode 13
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Three: Nina Burns, Jeremy Rohmer & Chris Hernandez
Eliminated: Nina Burns & Jeremy Rohmer

Episode 14
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Three: Cory Wade Hindorff, Chris Hernandez & Renee Bhagwandeen
Eliminated: Chris Hernandez & Renee Bhagwandeen

Episode 16
Eliminated Outside of Judging panel: Cory Wade Hindorff
Final Two: Jourdan Miller & Marvin Cortes
America's Next Top Model: Jourdan Miller

References

America's Next Top Model
Conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences which occur in DNA, and cause sequences in RNA, proteins and carbohydrates.

These sequences occur across species. This shows that the sequences has been maintained in evolution despite speciation. The further back up the phylogenetic tree a particular conserved sequence occurs, the more highly conserved it is. Since sequence information is normally transmitted from parents to progeny by genes, a conserved sequence implies that there is a conserved gene.

Conservation of a sequence happens when mutations in a highly conserved region lead to non-viable life forms, that is, a form which is eliminated through natural selection. In other words, the product of the gene is vital to life, and its function is destroyed by almost all changes (mutations) to the sequence.
Conserved nucleic acid sequences 
The basic theory, widely agreed, is that highly conserved DNA sequences must have functional value, though the role for many of these highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences is not known. One recent study that eliminated four highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences in mice yielded viable mice with no significant phenotypic differences; the authors described their findings as "unexpected". So there is clearly something here which is not understood.

Many regions of the DNA, including highly conserved DNA sequences, consist of repeated sequence elements. If only one of a set of a repeated sequences was removed, and the repetitions were not needed, then no difference would be seen in the mice. The paper did not report whether the eliminated sequences were repeated sequences.