Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Episode 4: At the Reward Challenge, the tribes were switched; Brooke, Cindy, Judd, Margaret, Lydia, Stephenie, Rafe and Jamie were the new Nakúm and Amy, Brian, Gary, Danni, Brandon, Blake and Bobby Jon were the new Yaxhá. After the new Yaxhá tribe won the Immunity Challenge, Judd make his original Nakúm teammates upset and helped to vote Brooke out (5-3).

Episode 5: At the Reward Challenge, Yaxhá won chips, drinks and a crocodile-proof swimming cage. Nakúm won immunity and Blake was voted out for being selfish, (5-2).

Episode 6: Nakúm won their second challenge in a row, and both tribes would be going Tribal Council. As part of their reward, Nakúm had an individual Immunity Challenge, which was won by Rafe. He was also able to watch part of the Yaxhá tribal council. Margaret, due to personality problems, was voted out of Nakúm (6-1), and Yaxhá voted out Brian (5-1), because they thought they could not trust him.
Episode 9: Gary found the Hidden Immunity Idol. Judd won reward (shared with Bobby Jon and Stephenie), and Jamie won immunity. Gary, whom Nakúm wanted gone, surprised the tribe with the Hidden Immunity Idol at Tribal Council. With Gary safe from the vote once again, Bobby Jon was voted out instead (6-2-1) and became the first member of the Jury. He lasted three days longer than he did on Survivor: Palau.

Episode 10: At the very messy reward challenge, the team of Danni, Gary, Stephenie and Judd won a night away from camp and videos from home. After Rafe won Immunity, Jamie became worried about being voted out; they actually didn't want to vote him out that night, but him being too worried annoyed everyone else. They made his worst nightmare come true, voting him out (6-2).

Episode 11: Cindy won the reward challenge, and took Rafe with her on a reward of a feast, waterfall pool and massage. Rafe won Immunity again, and at Tribal Council, the old Nakúm tribe finally got to vote off Gary (6-1).
Episode 12: The final six's loved ones came to the camp after the Survivor Auction. Danni won an Immunity Challenge advantage, and Judd's wife, Cindy's twin sister and Stephenie's boyfriend were allowed to stay overnight at camp. As a result of her advantage, Danni won the Immunity Challenge. Safe with immunity, Danni also was able to turn the game around for herself by convincing Stephenie, Rafe and Lydia that Judd could not be trusted and was too much of a threat to keep around. In a (4-2) vote, Judd was sent packing, but not before he said some last words to the players left, quote "Bye, guys. Hope you get eaten by a freakin' crocodile. Scumbags."

Episode 13: After winning the Reward Challenge, Cindy was given the choice of keeping her newly won 2006 Pontiac Torrent or giving one to each of the other players left. Cindy chose to keep the car, a decision which made Rafe made. After Stephenie won Immunity, Rafe was able to get Cindy voted out (4-1).
Episode 14: In the final four, Rafe won his fourth individual immunity, and Lydia was voted out for being liked by the jury (3-1). After a two-hour, 38 minute challenge, Danni won the last immunity challenge. She chose to vote out Rafe, because she thought she would have a better chance at winning the game against Stephenie. (1-0). At the live reunion and finale (last episode), Danni beat Stephenie in a (6-1) vote. Stephenie had lasted 9 days longer than she did on Survivor: Palau.

Voting history

Other websites
 Official CBS Survivor Guatemala Website

11
English National Opera (ENO) is an opera company based in London, England.  The opera house where it performs is called the London Coliseum.  It is in St. Martin's Lane, very near Trafalgar Square.  It is one of the two big opera companies in London.  The other big one is the Royal Opera (ROH), Covent Garden.  The English National Opera is different because the operas there are always sung in English.  The ticket prices are not quite as high as at the ROH.

History 
The beginnings of the ENO go back to 1898 when Lilian Baylis gave a series of opera concerts at the Old Vic theatre.  About ten years later she started a theatre company there. She put on Shakespeare's plays in a shortened form.  She added a small group of dancers to the company. The Sadler's Wells Theatre opened, and the company were called the Vic-Wells Opera Company.  The dancers later separated from Vic-Wells and became the Royal Ballet.
The company toured while the theatre was closed during the Second World War.  At the end of the war it came back and was called Sadler's Wells Opera Company, and the theatre opened again with a performance of Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes.  It was the first English opera since the time of Purcell to become internationally famous. 
In 1968 Sadler's Wells Opera moved from Sadler's Wells Theatre to the London Coliseum.  Six years later the company was renamed English National Opera.

Since then the ENO has put on many great opera productions.  For many years the general director was Peter Jonas, the artistic director was David Poutney and the conductor (musical director) was Mark Elder.

In 2004 many improvements were made to the building.  While the building was going on the ENO performed in the Barbican Centre.

Although ENO performs all operas in English, in 2005 it introduced surtitles at the Coliseum.  This makes it easier for the audience to understand the words being sung.
In 2007 the conductor Edward Gardner became music director of ENO.

Music directors
Lawrance Collingwood (Chief Conductor, 1931-1941, Music Director 1941-1946) 
James Robertson (1946-1954) 
Alexander Gibson (1957-1959) 
Colin Davis (1961-1965) 
Mario Bernardi (1966-1968) and Bryan Balkwill (1966-1969), co-Music Directors 
Sir Charles Mackerras (1970-1977)
Sir Charles Groves (1978-1979)
Mark Elder (1979-1993)
Sian Edwards (1993-1997)
Paul Daniel (1997-2005)
Edward Gardner (2007-present)

Other websites
 ENO website
 ENO history

1900s establishments in England
Gilbert and Sullivan
Opera companies
Organisations based in London
An air show is an event at which aviators display their flying skills and the capabilities of their aircraft to spectators in aerobatics. Air shows without aerobatic displays, having only aircraft displayed parked on the ground, are called "static air shows".

Aviation
A green belt or greenbelt is a policy and land use designation used in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighbouring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it.  A green belt is basically an invisible line that goes around a certain area, stopping people from building there so that some of the wild and agricultural land can be saved.

Urban geography
Urban planning
Local government
Florence and the Machine (also written as Florence + the Machine), is an English rock band that is a recording name of Florence Welch and a collaboration of other artists who provide backing music for her voice. Musically, Florence and the Machine's sound is generally referred to as soul-inspired indie rock. Florence and the Machine's music has received praise across the music media, especially from the BBC. This is because the BBC played a large part in Florence and the Machine's rise to prominence by promoting her as part of BBC Introducing. This led to the band playing at a number of music festivals in 2008, including Glastonbury as well as Reading and Leeds and T in the Park. The band's debut album, Lungs was released on 6 July 2009. It held the number 2 position for its first five weeks in the charts, behind Michael Jackson. The album has now been in the top 40 UK charts for 22 consecutive weeks.
The Machine 
Welch said that "The name Florence and the Machine started off as a private joke that got out of hand. I made music with my friend, who we called Isabella Machine to which I was Florence Robot. When I was about an hour away from my first gig, I still didn't have a name, so I thought "Okay, I'll be Florence Robot is a Machine", before realizing that name was so long it'd drive me mad". In 2006 Welch's performances in small London venues as "Florence Robot is a Machine"  began to attract notice.

The Machine is Florence's backing band. This is currently made up of Robert Ackroyd (guitar), Christopher Lloyd Hayden (drums), Isabella Summers ('Isabella Machine') (keyboards) and Tom Monger (harp). Previously Devonte Hynes (Lightspeed Champion and Test Icicles) was also a member.

Florence and the Machine are managed by Mairead Nash. Nash is one half of the DJ outfit Queens of Noize.
Touring 
Florence and the Machine were part of the 2009 Shockwaves NME Awards tour. Welch said that she planned a "pretty theatrical" performance.

The group played at the Concerts for the Teenage Cancer Trust charity event at the Royal Albert Hall in March 2009. Florence and The Machine also supported Blur for their 26 June comeback performance at the MEN Arena in Manchester, and supported Duran Duran in July 2009.

The group performed at the 2009 Glastonbury Festival, Reading and Leeds Festivals, Electric Picnic in County Laois, Ireland and the T in the Park festival. On October 27 the group played its first official New York City show and appeared on the television programmes Late Night With David Letterman and Jimmy Kimmel Live!.

Welch has said that she would like to tour the United States. However, she is fearful of becoming homesick due to the length of time it would take to tour the country.
On New Year's Eve 2009, the group appeared on the pre-recorded New Year's Eve celebration show Hootenanny. On the show, they performed "Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up)" and "Dog Days Are Over". Welch then performed a cover of "My Baby Just Cares for Me" with Jools Holland & his Rhythm & Blues Orchestra.

Critical acclaim 
Florence and the Machine have gained a large amount of support from NME magazine who included them in their annual NME Awards Tour for 2009. They supported White Lies, Friendly Fires and Glasvegas on the tour. The Times described her as "the most peculiar and most highly acclaimed female singer of the moment" and "the latest in a line of great English pop eccentrics". Allmusic described Lungs as "one of the most musically mature and emotionally mesmerizing albums of 2009".Spin Magazine gave Lungs four out of five possible stars and wrote, "You’ve gotta hand it to the girl: She always makes you feel something". The magazine named the album as the 8th best of 2009.
Welch appeared on the front cover of The Guide subsection to The Guardian. She also collected the Critics' Choice Award at the BRIT Awards in February 2009. Florence and the Machine came third in the BBC's Sound of 2009. In 2009 she covered Beyoncé's song "Halo" on the BBC1 Live Lounge; host Jo Whiley stated that it was one of the best covers they have ever had in the Live Lounge. The BBC also used "You Got The Love" as the backing music to its Jenson Button Formula One 2009 season review video montage and it was used in the final episode of Gavin and Stacey.

Awards

Brit Awards

Grammy Awards

MTV

MTV Europe Music Awards

MTV Video Music Awards

Other awards
Other awards

UK festival Awards 2009
Anthem of Summer - Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up) - Nominated
Best Breakthrough Act - Winner
Festival Fitty of the Year - Girls - Nominated
First in the 2009 BRITs Critics' Choice section.
Third in the BBCs Sound of 2009. This was a poll voted for by a select group of insiders from all sectors of the music industry.
Florence and The Machine's debut album Lungs was nominated for the 2009 Mercury Prize.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Promotional singles

Other charted songs

EPs
 A Lot of Love. A Lot of Blood (28 April 2009, 12") 
 iTunes Festival: London 2010 (21 July 2010)
 iTunes Live from SoHo (16 November 2010)

Music videos

References

Other websites 

Hearty magazine interview 
Official website
BBC Artist page
2008 Run-Riot interview
NME Artists page
Florence and the Machine Interview on God Is In The TV Zine
Nick Welsh interview – The Daily Mail
Dazed Digital feature on the music video for Drumming Song
Florence photographed for Dummymag.com, August 2009 
Florence & The Machine live review at Manchester Academy

Brit Award winners
English pop music groups
English rock bands
Jacopo Peri (born Rome, 20 August 1561; died Florence, 12 August 1633) was an Italian composer and singer. He composed the first opera ever written.

Life
Peri was born in Rome, but studied in Florence. He had several church jobs, playing the organ and singing. He also worked at the court of the Medici family, playing instruments and composing incidental music for plays and madrigals.
In the 1590s, Peri worked for Jacopo Corsi, the most important patron of music in Florence. They felt that art at that time (music, drama, painting etc.) was not as good as the classical art that had been produced 2000 years ago in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. They wanted to write drama like the old Greek tragedies. In music they started to write "monody", which meant a solo song with a continuo bass accompaniment. They soon started to realize that just monody on its own could become boring, so they developed it into recitative (where the story could be told) and aria (where the singers could express their feelings in song). Peri and Corsi asked the poet Ottavio Rinuccini to write some words for them and together they produced the opera Dafne. It was probably nothing like what the Ancient Greeks would have done, but it was the first opera in modern times.
In 1600, Rinuccini and Peri wrote another opera together: Euridice.  We still have the music Euridice, although unfortunately the music to Dafne has been lost.

Peri wrote several other operas, although they are not great works. However, a very great composer was around at the time. His name was Claudio Monteverdi. In 1607, he started writing operas and his operas are often performed today.

1600 is the date usually thought of as the beginning of the Baroque music period. It is a convenient date because it is when opera started.

References
"Jacopo Peri", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.  

1561 births
1633 deaths
Baroque composers
16th-century Italian composers
Musicians from Rome
17th-century Italian composers
Blake Hall station is a disused station in Essex, formerly on the Central Line of the London Underground  between North Weald and Ongar.

Notes 

Disused London Underground stations
1865 establishments in the United Kingdom
Epping Ongar Railway
Former single platform tube stations
1981 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
The M11 is a motorway in South East England. It goes from London to Cambridge. It is  long. It opened between 1975 and 1980.

Junctions

Motorways in England
Transport in Epping Forest
Coopersale Halt is the current terminus of the Epping Ongar Railway in the hamlet of Coopersale in Epping, Essex, England. It is located between Epping and North Weald.

Related pages
Central Line
Epping Ongar Railway
Ongar tube station
Blake Hall tube station
North Weald tube station
Epping tube station
Closed London Underground stations

Other websites
Epping Ongar Railway's Official Website
Epping–Ongar Line (part 1)
Epping–Ongar Line (part 2)

Railway stations in England
Epping Ongar Railway
Epping Forest
The London Underground 1960 Stock was a small, prototype class of electric multiple unit designed for the London Underground Central Line.

1960
Martin Bell, OBE (born 31 August 1938) is a British UNICEF (UNICEF UK) Ambassador, a former broadcast war reporter and former independent politician. He was an Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton from 1997 to 2001. Sometimes, he is called "the man in the white suit".

References 

1938 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
British war correspondents
British television presenters
Independent politicians
Politicians from Suffolk
Urban75 (also sometimes referred to as u75 or urban) is a website and messageboard based in Brixton, England. It was founded in 1995 and includes various content e-zine content, as well as bulletin boards. The site was founded and is currently run by Mike Slocombe.

Websites
Activism
Protests
Francesco Cavalli (born Crema, Lombardy, 14 February 1602; died 14 January 1676) was an Italian composer.  He lived in the early part of the Baroque music period. His real name was Pietro Francesco Caletti-Bruni, but he is better known as Cavalli, which was the name of his patron, a Venetian nobleman.  He is remembered for his operas.

Life
Cavalli was born at Crema, Lombardy. He became a singer at St Mark's in Venice in 1616, then he was organist there, and in 1668 he became maestro di cappella.

He began to write for the theatre in 1639. Soon after that the first public opera house opened in Venice. Cavalli became so famous that he was invited to Paris in 1660 where he performed his opera Xerxes. He visited Paris again in 1662. He died in Venice at the age of 73.
Music and influence
Cavalli lived at the time that opera had just been invented by Jacopo Peri.  Claudio Monteverdi composed the first really good operas.  Cavalli became the most important Italian writer of operas in the middle of the 17th century.  His operas use small orchestras, unlike those of Monteverdi, who was writing for the court in Mantua where there was lots of money for big orchestras.  Cavalli had a good sense of drama and he wrote lovely melodies.

He wrote 57 operas, of which 27 survived.  He also wrote some church music and some instrumental music.

1602 births
1676 deaths
17th-century Italian composers
Baroque composers
People from Lombardy
Santana do Paraíso is a Brazilian city in the Vale do Aço metropolitan area, state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2009 was 24.695 inhabitants. Its area is 275,529 km². The city was founded in April 28, 1992.

It is limited with the municipal districts of Belo Oriente, Mesquita, Ipatinga, Caratinga e Ipaba

Other websites 
 Official site of Santana do Paraíso

Cities in Minas Gerais
Vale do Aço metropolitan area
1992 establishments
1990s establishments in Brazil
Ruston was an industrial equipment manufacturer in Lincoln, England, the company's history going back to 1840. The company is best known as a manufacturer of narrow and standard gauge diesel locomotives and also of steam shovels.

Ruston & Hornsby locomotives
Lincolnshire
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
1857 establishments in Europe
1918 disestablishments in Europe
1850s establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Locomotive manufacturers
British rail vehicles manufacturers
Harsco Corporation () is a diversified, worldwide industrial company based in the United States.  Harsco operates in 45 countries and employs approximately 21,000 people worldwide. The company provides industrial services and engineered products that serve some of the world’s largest and most essential industries, including steel, construction, railways, and energy.  The 2005 revenues totaled $2.8 billion, nearly 60% of which were generated internationally.

1853 establishments in the United States
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Brake van and guard's van are terms used mainly in the UK and Australia for a railway vehicle that has a hand brake which can be applied by the guard.  The equivalent North American term is caboose but a British brake van and a caboose are very different in appearance because the former usually has only four wheels while the latter usually has bogies.

United Kingdom rolling stock
Transport in Australia
Track ballast forms the trackbed upon which railway sleepers (UK) or railroad ties (US) are laid. It is packed between, below, and around the ties. It is used to facilitate drainage of water, to distribute the load from the railroad ties, and also to keep down vegetation that might interfere with the track structure. This also serves to hold the track in place as the trains roll by. It is typically made of crushed stone, although ballast has sometimes consisted of other, less suitable materials.

References

Rail infrastructure
The permanent way is the elements of railway lines: generally the pairs of rails typically laid on ties ("sleepers" in British parlance) embedded in ballast, intended to carry the ordinary trains of a railway. It is described as permanent way because in the earlier days of railway construction, contractors often laid a temporary track to transport spoil and materials about the site; when this work was substantially completed, the temporary track was taken up and the permanent way installed.

References 

Rail infrastructure
The 1962 Tube Stock was a type of London Underground tube train built for use on the Central line. They were used on the Central line between 1962 and 1995. These tube trains were very similar to the 1938 stocks used on Piccadilly line.

1962
Scrap is a term used to describe recyclable materials left over from manufacturing and product consumption. It includes parts of vehicles, building supplies, and surplus materials. Often confused with waste, scrap in fact has significant monetary value.  

Overall, the scrap industry processes more than  of recyclable material each year into raw material feedstock for industrial manufacturing around the world. One example is scrap steel. Scrap is mainly reused to make other items. Plastic, for example, is melted down into new shapes. A water bottle may have been part of a computer once.
Recycling
Waste management
Scrap is very valuable. Some scrap is stolen for its worth, like copper wires and pans. This is a crime in some countries, and many investigations are focused on issues with legitimate metal trading. Totaled cars are often also sold for the metal inside. They are crushed, melted into smaller ingots and cylinders, then shipped to a manufacturer of metal goods that paid for that scrap metal. For developed metals to become scrap metal, it needs to be unused and useless in the form it's in. Only then do people shred and melt metal to be used for other things.
Verismo is a word which refers to a type of literature and a type of opera that was popular towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The Italian word "verismo" means "realism".
In literature the main verismo writers were the Frenchman Émile Zola, the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen and the Italian writer Giovanni Verga. The composer Pietro Mascagni used a story by Verga for his opera Cavalleria rusticana. This was a short, one-act opera which became extremely popular. Several composers were inspired by it and wrote similar works. The only one of these which is still regularly performed is Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo. These two short operas are often performed on the same evening. They are known together as "Cav and Pag".
Verismo operas are generally based on stories about ordinary people from the working classes rather than about kings or gods or aristocrats. There is often a lot of violence in the stories as people love one another with great passions, which often leads to murder. Bizet's opera Carmen is typical of that kind of story, although it was composed before the verismo tradition was really popular.

References 
 New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; 

Opera genres
Opera terminology
Literature
BBC Music Introducing is the brand for new music programmes across the BBC showcasing unsigned, self signed and other emerging musical talent primarily from the UK.

BBC
Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a book written by Lynne Truss. It explains  how careful writing and punctuation helps writers communicate clearly. One example is the difference between the statements "eats, shoots and leaves" and "eats shoots and leaves." It explains by the example of a panda who walks into a restaurant, eats, draws a gun and shoots at the other patrons, and then leaves, blaming the incident on the instruction of a badly punctuated wildlife manual. The purpose of the book is to explain the importance of proper punctuation.

The book was interesting to read and a great commercial success  it was a best-seller. However, it had its own punctuation errors and inconsistencies, as a review in the New Yorker magazine pointed out.

Related articles
Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod - a similar book in German

References 

2003 books
Style guides
Survivor: Panama - Exile Island (Survivor: Exile Island or Survivor: Panama for short) is the twelfth season of the American reality show Survivor. The season was filmed in the Pearl Islands, off the coast of Panama. This location was used before in Survivor: Pearl Islands and Survivor: All-Stars. Filming started on October 31, 2005 and the season started being shown on TV on February 2, 2006. The season finale (last episode) was on May 14, 2006 with the votes shown live from the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York.

Applications had to be given on June 17, 2005. Around August 2005, 800 people were invited for an interview by CBS. Out of these 800, 48 of them were chosen as semi-finalists to be interviewed Los Angeles in September 2005. From these 48, 16 were chosen and the show was filmed from November to December 2005.
The season had a twist that started in Survivor: Palau called Exile Island. Each week at least one player is sent to Exile Island after the reward challenge, and will return at the immunity challenge. The exile is given a single machete, a flint, a pot and a bucket of dirty water. The island also had a hidden immunity idol that could be used at tribal council after the votes have been made. This gave the person who found the idol an advantage because that person can keep the idol secret until he or she was voted off. When it's played, the person with next highest number of votes would be voted off. Terry found the idol and never needed to use it at a vote, but him having the idol seemed to influence how many other people voted.
The game started by dividing the 16 players into four tribes by gender and age: young men (Viveros, green buffs), older men (La Mina, orange buffs), young women (Bayoneta, blue buffs) and older women (Casaya, purple buffs). These four tribes were named after four islands in the Pearl Islands. During the second episode, the tribes were switched so that there would only be two tribes, Casaya, and La Mina. Bayoneta and Viveros no longer existed. The last 10 players left merged (combined) into one tribe, and called their new tribe "Gitanos" (black buffs), the Spanish word for "gypsy." One person from each of the four starting tribes were in the final four.

Tina Scheer was supposed to be in Survivor: Guatemala, but she backed out due to her son's death just before that season.

On June 8, 2006 Survivor: Panama became available on Apple's iTunes store.

In a 5-2 vote, Aras Baskauskas won against Danielle DiLorenzo to take the $1 million prize.
Cirie Fields was chosen from this season to return in Survivor: Micronesia as part of the Favorites tribe. Fields also returned once again in Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, along with Danielle DiLorenzo. Their places are unknown because the season has not been shown on TV yet.

Players

The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.

 Bruce joined Casaya after the episode 2 vote, which is why he did not vote.

The game

If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork, or where one player won and invited others, the players they invited are in brackets.

 Bruce was not chosen by a tribe. He was sent to Exile Island and would join the tribe that loses a member. He joined Casaya after Melinda was voted off.
There was no Reward Challenge because the tribes were merged, so no one was sent to Exile Island.

 There was no Immunity Challenge because of Bruce being removed from the game.

 As well as a barbecue meal, Terry won a GMC Yukon for winning the second part of the reward challenge.
Episode 1: The First Exile
Reward Challenge: Each of the four tribes will have one perspm who has to run across Exile Island to find a pile of skulls. The person must smash the skull that has a tight ball of fabric. Inside the fabric was either an amulet or a stone. Once the amulet is found the person must run back to their tribemates. First three teams to finish wins Reward.
Reward: All winning tribes will get flint to make fire.
Immunity Challenge: Beginning on platforms in the ocean, the tribes must race over a wall, dive into the ocean and swim to their tribe raft. The last person over the wall dives down to unclip a rope underwater, letting the raft loose. The tribe then paddles the raft towards shore. Once the tribe hooks their raft to the post on shore, they race to solve a puzzle, which lets a giant ring loose. The tribe has the choice to dig down many feet and look for an answer key to solve the puzzle. Once the ring is let loose, the tribe attaches it to a rope that they use to throw at a hook to raise their tribe flag. The first three tribes to raise their flags win Immunity.
All 16 players came on what was later told to be Exile Island for the start of the game. They were divided into four tribes based on their age and gender. Then a Reward Challenge started. With Viveros, Casaya and La Mina winning, the losing tribe, Bayoneta, had to pick one of their own to stay on Exile, who would return in time for the next Immunity Challenge. Through Rock, Paper, Scissors, it was decided among the younger women that Misty would stay at Exile Island. The older tribes did well. Tina's leadership at Casaya helped everyone get chores done. La Mina built a bonfire. However, the two younger tribes could not get anything done. At the first Immunity Challenge, Misty came back from Exile Island and pretended she found the Immunity Idol hidden there, although she didn't need to say that, because Bayoneta finished first. The male tribes La Mina and Viveros finished second and third, and Casaya going to Tribal Council
. Back at Casaya, Tina caught a big fish while Ruth-Marie and Melinda wanted to vote off Cirie because they thought she was weak. At Tribal Council, Tina said that her tribemates were much lazier than her, which made everyone want to vote her out. In the end, Ruth-Marie and Melinda chose to keep Cirie in the game and vote out Tina. (3-1)
Episode 2: Breakdown
Reward Challenge: The two new tribes must race through an obstacle course, grabbing six wooden snakes along the way. The tribes will grabe two snakes at each of three stations. Each tribe must get one player to carry all six snakes through the whole course. The first tribe to cross the finish line with all their snakes wins the Reward.
Reward: Fishing spear, bait and a raft.
Immunity Challenge: The two tribes must work together to take a giant zombie head from the ocean to the beach. Each tribe has a boat anchored to the ocean floor with a big wooden box. Also, each boat has six holes filled with rubber plugs. Five tribe members have to pull out the plugs and begin heading out of the water out of the boat while the other two tribe members jump into the water and start moving the boat by pulling the anchor towards shore. Once the boat is clipped onto the hitching post, it's a race up the beach to put the anchor on the finish mat. The first tribe to put the zombie head on the zombie body wins Immunity.
After a storm, the tribes went to a Reward Challenge and were shocked to learn that the tribes would be switched. The tribes were switched so that there were only two tribes, Casaya and La Mina. Bayoneta and Viveros no longer existed. The new La Mina tribe was Austin, Dan, Misty, Nick, Ruth-Marie, Sally, and Terry. The new Casaya tribe was Aras, Bobby, Cirie, Courtney, Danielle, Melinda, and Shane. With Bruce left over because of the odd number of players, he was given immunity and was sent to Exile Island for three days until tribal council and would join the tribe that lost the next Immunity Challenge. The new La Mina Tribe won the Reward Challenge and was given a raft and fishing supplies. Although they quickly lost their new spear in deep water, La Mina won the Immunity Challenge as well. Before Tribal Council, Shane wanted to quit because of nicotine withdrawal but his new alliance of Aras, Courtney, and Danielle told him to get over it
. At Tribal Council (with Bruce watching what was happening on the Jury bench), the five new Casaya members wanted vote out the older women, Cirie and Melinda, with Melinda voted out in a 5-2 vote. After Melinda was voted off, Bruce removed his old orange buff and was then given a new purple buff, joining Casaya and headed back to camp with them.
Episode 3: Crazy Fights, Snake Dinners
Reward Challenge: Using a giant slingshot, three tribe members will be the launchers, while the other four will stand on a balance beam over the water. One tribe member will launch a ball to the other four, who must catch it before it hits the water. The first tribe to catch five balls wins the Reward.
Reward: Kerosene lantern, water canisters, blankets, pillows, rope and a tarp
Immunity Challenge: Each team will compete in different match-ups, racing head to head to five circles in the sand. Buried within each circle is a bag. The tribes must dig and find the bag, and then get back to the finish mat. To get a point, there must be at least one hand on the bag while any part of the body touches the finish mat. First tribe to score three wins Immunity.
Episode 4: Starvation and Lunacy
Reward Challenge: Each tribe gets six floating puzzle pieces. One tribe member at a time will swim out, dive down, unclip a puzzle piece, and bring it back to the puzzle frame. Once the piece is placed in the puzzle frame, the next person can go out. When all six of the puzzle pieces have been collected, the tribe may start putting the puzzle together by matching symbols on each side of every piece. First tribe to get it together right wins the Reward.
Reward: Rolls of toilet paper, bath essentials and a working outhouse, given by Charmin
Immunity Challenge: One person is seated in a chair attached to a pulley, while another person is directly above them in a crow's nest, where an empty water drum hangs. The other four tribe members are together in pairs, which will race across a balance beam carrying buckets. Once they reach the water, they must dip their bucket in, get water, race back and empty the water into a bigger pail. The person in the crow's nest will pull that pail up and empty the water into the drum. As the drum takes on water, it will lower, but the person in the chair will rise until they're high enough to pull a pin raising their tribe's flag. First tribe to raise their flag wins Immunity.
Episode 5: For Cod's Sake!!!
Reward Challenge: Each tribe will choose someone to get rice, beans and fish from a boat to the shore. The person chosen must race out, grab one item and bring it back to shore, then throw the item to their tribemates, who will be lined up. The item will be thrown from one person to the next until it gets to the last person, who will throw it into the tribe's bin. Once the item is in the bin, the person chosen must go out and get another item. The first two items will be a bag of rice and a bag of beans. Next, the items will be fish. Once a fish gets to the end of the line, the last person must cut off its head and the tail before throwing the body into the bin. The first tribe to eight wins the Reward.
Reward: A sack of rice, beans and three big fish
Immunity Challenge Each tribe must send three members to paddle out to grab skulls from four coffins sitting at the bottom of the ocean. Each time a coffin is found, someone must dive under water, open the coffin and find a skull puzzle piece. They'll then untie the puzzle piece and bring it back to the boat. Once all four skull puzzle pieces have been gathered, they will bring  them to shore. The two tribe members left use those four puzzle pieces to build a skull pyramid. The first tribe to build their skull pyramid and put their gold skull on top wins Immunity.
Bruce's "Zen Garden" caused problems at Casaya and Aras felt he should have been helping with camp . The tribe that won the reward challenge would get all the items that were used in the challenge: fish, rice, spices, and wine. The losing tribe will not go back to camp with nothing. They were to choose either a sack of rice or a sack of beans. La Mina lost again and Casaya chose Terry to go to Exile Island for the second time in a row. When Casaya came back to camp, they found out that their shelter was destroyed in the storm that happened during the challenge. Since the storm also got rid of their fire and they could not make another one since everything was wet, they just enjoyed what they had and ate the fish raw. Meanwhile, as La Mina ate the beans that they chose from the Reward Challenge, Austin and Nick got stomach problems. The next morning at Casaya, Danielle and Courtney found out that Bruce and Bobby spent the night sleeping in their outhouse, drinking all the wine they had won
. At the Immunity Challenge, La Mina built the skull pyramid faster than Casaya, finally winning Immunity. After the immunity challenge, Shane told Bobby that Bruce was the next to go, as his tribe was worried he would join La Mina's alliance when the tribes merged (combine). He told Bobby he wasn't to go by swearing on his son's name; but, Cirie, Courtney and Danielle told him they thought Bruce could be trusted more. At tribal council, Shane voted for Aras as a "throwaway vote" as not to choose either side, the women of Casaya voted for Bobby. He was voted off in a 3-2-1-1 vote.
Episode 6: Salvation and Desertion
Reward/Immunity Challenge: The tribes must each choose three members to race one at a time out into a field to untie, lower, unhook and return four puzzle pieces. Once all four pieces have been gathered, the two tribe members that are left will use those pieces to solve a spinning puzzle. The first tribe to solve it right will win Immunity and the Reward.
Reward: A feast in a Panamanian village and Immunity.
At La Mina's camp, while Austin and the other men looked for creatures they could eat from the ocean, Dan told Nick about his space flights at NASA. At Casaya, the women were talking about how disrespectful they thought Shane was. In a combined Reward and Immunity challenge Casaya won a barbecue and a trip to a local village, as well as the right to send someone from La Mina to Exile Island. Because the losing tribe would be going to Tribal Council, Sally, the only woman left in La Mina was sent to Exile Island and was given Immunity. She was not allowed to vote at Tribal Council. Although she was alone, she liked how her being gone would break up the men's alliance. Meanwhile, Casaya enjoyed their reward. They rode a boat to a village and gave some toys to children. Shane saw someone smoking and talked about giving up all his clothes just to smoke a cigarette. He ended up smoking after having to stop for a long time. Later the tribe enjoyed barbecue, played soccer, and partied
. At Tribal Council, the four men talked about how tight their alliance was, and about the chance of a 2-2 tie vote. In the end, Terry voted with the younger men and Dan was voted off 3-1.
Episode 7: An Emerging Plan
Immunity Challenge: Each tribe member will have to hang upside down with arms and legs wrapped around a pole. They must hang there for as long as they can. Whoever falls off of the pole will be removed from the challenge. The last player hanging wins Immunity.
La Mina got treemail that they are to go to Casaya for the tribal merge. Before they came, Shane pulled his tribe together in an agreement to vote out the other Tribe in the next four Tribal Councils. While building a bigger shelter, Nick accidentally chipped Bruce's tooth with a machete, but Bruce was fine. Meanwhile, Terry tried to tell some Casaya members to vote with La Mina, but no one would say yes. At the Immunity Challenge, the survivors hung on a pole with only their hands and feet. Terry won, winning immunity. Before Tribal Council, Bruce named the new tribe "Gitanos", meaning "gypsies" in Spanish. Later that night, Nick, who they thought was the second strongest player (after Terry) was voted out. (6-4)
Episode 8: The Power of the Idol
Reward Challenge: The Gitanos tribe will be divided into three teams of three. Each team will have one boat and 100 coconuts. They must race to put the coconuts into the boats of the other two teams. The more coconuts in the boat, the slower it will be. Once the teams have used up all their coconuts, they'll paddle out in their boats to find a tribe flag and fishing net, return to shore and use the fishing net to carry all the coconuts from their boat back up the beach and into the bin. The first tribe to get all the coconuts in their bin and on their finish mat with their tribe flag wins Reward.
Reward: Breakfast in bed
Immunity Challenge: The Survivors will race through a group of obstacles in four parts. In the first part, all nine Survivors must race to dig through the sand and pull themselves under a wooden fence. The first six to finish move on to the second round, where they must solve a brainteaser with four written clues to guide them. After finishing the brainteaser, they climb up a sand hill, through a maze and over a second sand hill. The first three to finish this part will move on to part three, where they have to travel across a rope bridge using two wooden planks. Once they're at the end of the bridge, they must jump off the platform into the water and climb up a steep sand bank. The first to the top of the sand bank move on to the last round: a race through a group of vertical and horizontal tunnels and towers until the first person finishes, winning Immunity.
Episode 9: Fight for Your Life or Eat
Reward Challenge: After watching parts of their videos from home, the tribe will be divided into two teams. One person will lie face down on a cradle hanging in the air by bungee cords. Attached to that cradle are three ropes. The teammates will pull those ropes to move the person on the cradle as they grab fifteen flags and place them in order into the right holes. The first team to get all fifteen flags in order wins the Reward.
Reward: Their full videos from home, plus peanut butter and jelly sandwiches and a glass of milk
Immunity Challenge: Each Survivor is asked to grab a nut and a shell, and put one in one hand, and the other in the other hand. For the Challenge, each person will swim out to a long plank with seven symbols on it resting on the ocean floor. They will have to remember the symbols in order and race back to the beach, where they will try to copy those symbols, in order, on their answer board. The first person to solve the puzzle right wins Immunity. But there's a twist: the players don't have be in the immunity challenge. If someone doesn't want to play, they will instead eat cheeseburgers, french fries, and soft drinks. They can only eat for as long as the Challenge goes or until the food runs out. If the players want to feast, they will show the nut. If the players want to be in the challenge, they will show the shell.
After another La Mina was voted off, Sally and Terry were trying very hard to keep themselves in the game. At the Reward Challenge, the team of Bruce, Courtney, Sally, and Terry won videos from home, peanut butter & jelly sandwiches, and ice-cold milk. They chose Aras to be sent to Exile Island. Back at the camp, a worried Shane told Cirie, who's a nurse, that he was "having problems" with his testicles (and stripped naked in the process). When the winning team got back, they brought some of their reward with them. At the Immunity Challenge, the players had to choose between a feast of cheeseburgers, fries, and soft drinks or the immunity challenge. Bruce, Cirie, Courtney, Danielle, and Shane chose to feast. Whereas Aras, Sally, and Terry chose to participate. Terry barely won against Aras, with Sally placing third. When the Survivors got back to camp, Sally and Terry were still trying to get members of Casaya to vote with them
. Although old La Mina tried, the old Casaya members still said no, and Sally was voted out 6-2.
Episode 10: Medical Emergency
Reward Challenge: Each of the players will fill out a quiz in private, then the results will be tallied and the Challenge will begin. The questions will be asked to the group. At this time, they will guess whose name came up most often. Each time someone gets a right answer, they'll get to chop one of three ropes for tribe member. After three chops, the rope will let loose a torch that will send their voodoo dolls up in flames.
Reward: A visit to a spa
Immunity Challenge: Because Bruce was removed from the game for medical reasons, there was no immunity challenge.
Terry seemed to become less happy about being outside of the Casaya alliance. In a Reward Challenge where the players voted about the other players, Courtney was shocked to find out that they thought she was the most unpopular of the tribe. By guessing what most of the tribe had chosen for their answers, Cirie won the challenge and sent Terry to Exile Island taking Aras and Danielle to share her reward. Cirie then worried about what effect her decisions might have with the other players. Back at the camp, Courtney was upset because of some of the opinions told in the challenge and Shane was upset because he had not been chosen by Cirie for the reward. Shane tried to ally himself with Courtney, but failed. Bruce, who had been sick for many days, had more pain. Finally, he could not take it any longer and asked for medical help. The medical team came and took him out of the game
. Later that day, with the Reward winners came back, Jeff Probst brought Terry back to the camp from Exile Island and said that because Bruce was removed, there was no Immunity Challenge or Tribal Council, and Bruce would become a member of the Jury if he was in good enough shape.
Episode 11: Perilous Scramble
Reward Challenge 1: The tribe will be divided into two teams of three. Each team member will be attached to a rope that's a bit longer than the obstacle course. They must follow the rope while travelling though the different obstacles. When they get to the last platform, they will unclip from the rope and, one at a time, race across a lily pad run, jump into the water and find one of three bags. Once all three bags have been found, they will clip onto the rope again and make their way back through all the obstacles to the beach. The first team to reach the finish with all three members and all three bags wins the first Reward.
Reward 1: A barbecue feast
Reward Challenge 2: The winners of the barbecue feast will now be in another Reward Challenge. Firing marbles using a slingshot, they will have to break three tiles in order to win this Challenge.
Reward 2: A brand new car (a GMC Yukon)
Immunity Challenge: Each tribe member will kneel at the end of a long plank hanging over a pit of water. They'll be holding on to two ropes connected to a hook with weights. Starting with twenty percent of their body weight, the weight will go up by another ten percent every fifteen minutes. When the weight becomes too much to hold, the ropes will slip from their hands, the plank will give out and they'll fall into the water. The last person left standing wins Immunity.
The other players continued to worry about Shane's odd behavior: he had found a piece of wood and was pretending it was his BlackBerry and he was sending messages to people back home. At the Reward Challenge, Terry won a 2007 GMC Yukon, and he, Courtney and Danielle won a meal together. During their reward, Terry made a deal with Courtney and Danielle for the three of them to work together. Back at camp, Cirie went fishing and caught a big fish. After returning to camp, Danielle told Terry she was worried that if they were in the final three with Courtney, she thought he would pick Courtney to go to the final two with because she was less popular. Terry told Danielle that if either of them won the final immunity challenge, they would take the second place winner to the final two. When Courtney found out, she became upset because she felt it suggested she was being carried by other players. Terry won his fourth Immunity Challenge in a row, and the old Casaya alliance had to vote out one of their own