Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Arms trafficking or gun-running is smuggling of weapons and ammunition. Arms trafficking happens everywhere but it is a very big problem in places with violent political conflict or civil war. International organizations for human rights, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch are looking into fixing this problem.

Types of crime
Sola fide means "faith only" in Latin. It is used by Protestants, who believe that people must trust Jesus to bring them back into relationship with God. Sin creates a gap between people and God, but Jesus, who was perfect, died by taking the punishment for sin for the people and so bridged the gap. That is called salvation because Jesus "saves" people from being without God. The idea is that trust in Jesus is the only way to be saved and to get to heaven after people die.

That belief was a principle of the Protestant Reformation, which was started by Martin Luther, and is a principle of Protestants today (see five solas). It contrasts with Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox, who believe that Jesus died to bridge the gap between God and people, but they must also behave to be saved.

Protestants agree that people need to do what is right, but they believe that  salvation depends on faith alone, not on acts.

Related pages
Sola scriptura

Protestant theology
The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu, S.J. and S.I. or SJ, SI ) is a Roman Catholic Church religious order whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a priest.

Jesuits are the largest male religious order of the Roman Catholic Church with 19,216 members (13,491 priests, 3,049 scholastic students, 1,810 brothers and 866 novices).

The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of the Madonna Della Strada.  It is led by a Superior General, currently Arturo Sosa.

The headquarters of the society, its General Curia, is in Rome.

Within the Catholic Church, there has been a sometimes tense relationship between Jesuits and the Vatican.  This is due to questioning of official Church teaching and papal directives, such as those on abortion, birth control, women deacons, homosexuality, and liberation theology.
However, as of 2013, the current Pope, Pope Francis, is a Jesuit himself.
References

Other websites

Jesuit documents 
 The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599 
 The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan, 1591-1610

Jesuit websites 
 The Jesuit Portal - Jesuit Worldwide Homepage

Africa
 Jesuits in South Africa

Asia-Oceania
 Jesuits in the Philippines

Europe
 Jesuits in Britain

North America
 Jesuits in Canada
 United States Jesuit Conference

South America
Jesuits in Chile

Media 
 The BBC Radio 4 In Our Time programme on 18 January 2007 was devoted to the early history and educational role of the Jesuits; the programme's website offers a free podcast and 'listen again' service In Our Time website
 Pray-as-you-go: latest initiative by the British Jesuits, providing daily prayer in MP3 format for use "on the go"
 Documentary by the Society of Jesus Province of Chicago (Windows Media Player)
The Rosenhan experiment is a test in psychiatry. It wants to see how good a psychiatric diagnosis really is. The first person to do the test was David Rosenhan. The test is named after him. It was first conducted in 1972. Rosenhan published the results in the journal Science under the title "On being sane in insane places."

The test is made of two parts. In the first part, psychiatrically sane people said they heard hallucinations, to get admitted to a psychiatric ward. This was done to test how the psychiatric hospitals would react. The second part was the reverse. Rosenhan told the hospitals, he would send fake patients. But he did not send any fake patients.
The results of the study were very controversial. When Rosenhan sent the people, the hospitals were unable to detect them. On the other hand, when he told them he had sent some patients, but really did not, the hospitals recognised a large number of fake patients.  The study said that it was impossible to tell a difference between the sane and the insane.

References

Psychiatry
Psychology experiments
Chassiers is a town and commune in the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of about 850 people as of the year 1999.

References 

Communes in Ardèche
Châteaubourgcan be one of 2 communes in France:

 Châteaubourg, Ardèche
 Châteaubourg, Ille-et-Vilaine
Châteaubourg is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.  The commune has a population of about 200 people as of the year 1999.

Communes in Ardèche
Châteauneuf-de-Vernoux is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.

Population

References

Communes in Ardèche
The Order of Preachers (Latin:Ordo Praedicatorum, OP) is a Roman Catholic religious order. Its members follow the rules Saint Dominic gave them in the 13th century. After the 15th century they are commonly known as Dominicans.

Roman Catholic religious orders
Dominican might mean:

Something related to the Dominican Republic
Dominican people (Dominican Republic)
Dominican Spanish, the version of the Spanish language spoken in the Dominican Republic
Something realted to the country of Dominica
Dominican Order, a Roman Catholic religious order
M>Train was a train operator of half of Melbourne's suburban railway network. It stopped operations at 3:00am 18 April 2004, with Connex Melbourne then taking over all rail operations. M>Train and M>Tram's slogan was Moving Melbourne. M>Train operated the Craigieburn, Cranbourne, Frankston, Pakenham, Sandringham, Sydenham, Upfield, Werribee, Williamstown lines, and maintained the 3 underground city loop stations. Their network was more than 268 kilometers long, and owned 125 trains, with 62 new trains on order when M>Train stopped operations.

History
Bayside Trains (later known as M>Train) were awarded a 15-year contract to run half of Melbourne's railway network on 31 October, 1999, by the Victorian State Government. On October 1, 2001, Bayside Trains renamed themselves to M>Train, along with Swanston Trams renaming themselves to M>Tram .

References

Australian transport companies
Public transport in Melbourne
2004 disestablishments
A diploma is a certificate you receive when you have studied a subject with good results. For many jobs a diploma is needed, because it proves that you are good at the subject you studied. A diploma is usually a basic degree that is lower than a Bachelor's degree.

Academia
Qualifications
The Authorized King James Version is an abridged translation of the Bible into the English language.  This version of the Bible is also called the Authorized Version (AV) or as the King James Version (KJV) in the United States.

The name "King James" comes from King James I of England, who told the Church of England to begin working on it in 1604. The first book was published in 1611.

Although it is one of the oldest English translations of the Bible, it is still one of the most widely read versions today. A 2014 survey in the United States found that 55% people who read the Bible were using the King James Version. The next most widely-read version was the New International Version at 19%, while other versions were used by less than 10%.

Source

Other websites 
 Online Searchable King James Dictionary
 King James Version  -Gutenberg Project

Bible versions
1611
1610s books
809 Lundia is a small, binary, V-type asteroid orbiting in the Flora family in the Main Belt. It is named after Lund Observatory, Sweden.

The V-type spectrum says that it is not genetically related to the Flora family, but rather is probably a piece (actually two pieces) blown off the surface of nearby 4 Vesta by a big impact in the past. Its orbit is too far from Vesta for it to actually be a member of the Vesta family It is not clear how it came at an orbit so far from Vesta, but other examples of V-type asteroids fairly far from their parent body are known. A mechanism of interplay between the Yarkovsky effect and nonlinear secular resonances (mainly involving Jupiter and Saturn) has been suggested.
Binary 
A moon, designated S/2005 (809) 1, was seen based on lightcurve sightings in 2005. In fact, the size of the two bodies appear to be close in size, because during mutual occultations the brightness drops by a similar amount independently of which body is hidden. Assuming an albedo similar to 4 Vesta (around 0.4), suggests that the bodies are about 7 km across. It takes 15.4 hours to orbit each other, which says that the binary is very close — the separation being of the order of 10–20 km, if normal asteroid albedo and density values are assumed.

References

Other websites 
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets
 Johnston Archive entry for 809 Lundia
 Lightcurve showing signature of the binary 

Asteroids
Hato Mayor is a Dominican province; it is on the eastern part of the country. Its name comes from the name of its capital city, Hato Mayor del Rey (in English: the largest cattle farm of the King).

It is one of the last provinces created in the Dominican Republic; it was made a province on 3 December 1984. The province's territory was part of the El Seibo province.

Location
Hato Mayor is bordered to the northwest by the province of Samaná, to the east by the El Seibo province, to the west by the Monte Plata province and to the south by the San Pedro de Macorís province. The Samaná Bay is to the north of the province.

History
Some native groups lived close to the coast, in caves in Los Haitises region. There were other groups, mainly Taínos, living inland but, in general, the population was low.
When the Spanish people came to this region, they found that there were many savannas with good grasses for food for cattle (cows), horses and sheep. And they made nine hatos. "Hato" is a word from southern Spain that means a large farm for raising cattle (a ranch); it is a common word in the Dominican Republic. One of those "hatos" was Hato Mayor del Rey, made in the name of King Charles I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) but given as a Mayorazgo (a family property) to Francisco Dávila as the manager and the property was called sometimes "Hato Mayor de Dávila".

Because there were many French people and from other countries trying to live in the Samaná region, the colonial government founded the city of Sabana de la Mar in 1760 and brought people from the Canary Islands to live here.

The area of Hato Mayor was part of the El Seibo province until the new province began in 1984 with three municipalities: Hato Mayor del Rey, its capital, and Sabana de la Mar and El Valle.
The municipal districts of the province were created in:
 1197 : Yerba Buena y Elupina Cordero de las Cañitas
 2000 : Mata Palacio
 2001 : Guayabo Dulce

Population 
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the Hato Mayor province, and 63,012 () living in towns and cities. The population density was  persons/km².

Its population represents  of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 26th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.

, the total estimated propulation of the province is 85,610 inhabitants.

The largest city of the province is Hato Mayor del Rey, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in 2010) of 37,798 inhabitants.

Geography
The Hato Mayor province has a total area of . It has  of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 15th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province. The altitude of Hato Mayor del Rey, provincial capital, is .
The territory of the province covers across four geographical regions. From north to south, these regions are:
 Llanos Costeros de Sabana de la Mar y de Miches (English: Coastal Plains of Sabana de la Mar and Miches). These are small plains close to the Samaná Bay coast. The municipalities of Sabana de la Mar and El Valle are in this region.
 Cordillera Oriental (English: Eastern mountain range), a short mountain range with low mountains. Another name for these mountains is Sierra del Seibo (English: El Seibo mountain range). On the southern side of this range, there is a region of low hills where is Hato Mayor del Rey, the capital of the province.
 Llano Costero del Caribe (in English, "Caribbean Coastal Plain"), a large plain in southeastern Dominican Republic. Most of the province is in this region.
 Los Haitises, in the northwest. It is part of a national park. It is a region with many low hills of limestone; the trade winds (winds from the northeast) bring a lot of water that falls in this region.
Rivers with their sources on the northern side of the Cordillera Oriental are short and flow into the Samaná Bay. The longest here is the River Yabón,  long, with its mouth west of the city of Sabana de la Mar.

Those rivers that flow to the south of the Cordillera Oriental and into the Caribbean Sea are longer. The most important rivers are, from east to west:
 Higuamo
 Maguá. It is a tributary of the Higuamo river; the city of Hato Mayor del Rey is near this river.
 Casuí. It is the main tributary of the Higuamo river.

There are two main roads in the province. One is the Carretera Mella ("Mella National Road") that begins in Santo Domingo and goes through Hato Mayor del Seibo, the El Seibo province and ends in Higüey; it is one of the most important road in the country.

The second road begins in Hato Mayor del Rey and ends in Sabana de la Mar.

Climate
The climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year.
Municipalities
There are 3 municipalities and 4 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are:

Economy
The main economic activity of the province is farming; the main products are cacao (in the Cordillera Oriental), flowers and African oil palm around El Valle, and sugar cane south of Hato Mayor.

Because there are many savannas with grasses around Hato Mayor del Rey and to the south of it, cattle raising is a very important activity in the province; the dairy industry is important, with a large amount of cheese produced in the province.

Fishing is important in Sabana de la Mar and other towns around the Samaná Bay.

Related pages
 Provinces of the Dominican Republic

References

Provinces of the Dominican Republic
1984 establishments in North America
1980s establishments in the Dominican Republic
Rheine is a city in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the biggest city in the district.

Geography 
Rheine is on the river Ems, about  north of Münster, about  west of Osnabrück and  east of Enschede (Netherlands).

Division of the town 
Rheine consists of 15 districts:

Neighbouring municipalities 
 Salzbergen
 Spelle
 Hörstel
 Emsdetten 
 Neuenkirchen

History 
Although a lot of people have lived in the area around the city since prehistorical times, Rheine was first mentioned in a document signed by Louis the Pious only in 838. On 15 August 1327 it got its town charter from Louis II, Bishop of Münster. 

The settlement was founded by reason of two old merchant roads crossing nearby, as well as a ford crossing the river Ems. Frankish soldiers secured this strategic point by a barrack yard at first. Later a church and more buildings were added to this outpost.
In the end of Thirty Years' War the city burned down almost completely. Swedish and Hessian troops besieged imperial soldiers who entrenched themselves in Rheine. On 20th/21st September and 19th October 1647 glowing cannonballs set fire to the city, 365 houses got razed.

During the industrialisation textile industry prospered. It continued to be an important economical factor until the second half of the 20th century. Today engineering industries and services form the largest part of economy in Rheine.

Twin towns 
  Borne (Netherlands) -- since 1983
  Bernburg (Saale) (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) -- since 1990
  Leiria (Portugal) -- since 1996
  Trakai (Lithuania) -- since 1996

References

Other websites 

 Official site
 Association for Rheine's twin towns 

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Steinfurt (district)
Recke is a municipality in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Geography 
Recke is about  north-east of Rheine and  north-west of Osnabrück.

Municipalities near Recke 
 Ibbenbüren
 Hopsten
 Mettingen 
 Voltlage
 Neuenkirchen

Twin town
  Ommen (Overijssel, Netherlands)

References

Other websites

 Official site 

Steinfurt (district)
Bryggen (Norwegian for the Wharf), also known as Tyskebryggen (the German Wharf), is a series of Hanseatic commercial buildings found on the eastern side of the fjord coming into Bergen, Norway. Bryggen is on the UNESCO list for World Heritage sites. The name has the same origin as the Flemish city of Brugge.

World Heritage Sites in Europe
Buildings and structures in Norway
Ibbenbüren or Ibbenbueren is a medium-sized town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on position 185 of the biggest cities in Germany and the biggest city in Tecklenburger Land.

Geography 
Ibbenbüren (Ibbenbueren) is on the Ibbenbürener Aa river, at the northwest end of the Teutoburger forest and rather exactly in the center of the two cities Rheine in the west and Osnabrück in the east, both about 20 km away.

History 
Ibbenbüren is said in documentary evidence for the first time in 1146, when the bishop of Osnabrück at that time, Philipp of Katzenelnbogen, donated a tenth of his possessions in Ibbenbüren to the Getrudenkloster of Osnabrück. Although Ibbenbüren is already much older and a document of the year 1348 already occupies the establishment of a church in the year 799, the year 1146 is officially considered as the year of the foundation of Ibbenbüren.
During the rule of Napoléon Bonaparte at the beginning of the 19th century, Ibbenbüren belonged to the first French Empire, until it was freed by Prussian and Russian troops in 1815. It came back under Prussian rule on January 1, 1816, resulting to be assigned to the district of Tecklenburg. After the end of World War II the city Ibbenbüren and the municipality Ibbenbüren Land formed by December 31, 1974 the department federation Ibbenbüren, resulting in today's city of Ibbenbüren. With the simultaneous dissolution of the district of Tecklenburg and fusion with the old district of Burgsteinfurt, Ibbenbüren was assigned to the new district of Steinfurt.

Coat of arms 
Ibbenbüren's coat of arms has a golden anchor on a blue shield. The city colors are blue and gold.

References

Other websites 

  

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Steinfurt (district)
Westerkappeln is a municipality in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is about  northwest of Osnabrück.

References

Other websites

Steinfurt (district)
Osnabrück () is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is near the districts of Emsland, Cloppenburg, Vechta and Diepholz, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (districts of Minden-Lübbecke, Herford, Gütersloh, Warendorf and Steinfurt) and the City of Osnabrück.

History 
The district is almost the same as the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück which existed until 1803. When the clerical states of Germany were dissolved, Osnabrück became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which in turn fell to Prussia in 1866. The district was established in 1972 by merging four old districts (Osnabrück, Melle, Bersenbrück, Wittlage).

Geography 
The landscape is characterised by two mountain chains: the Wiehengebirge in the north and the northern foothills of the Teutoburg Forest in the south. These chains go around the City of Osnabrück.

Coat of arms

Cities and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website
Michelle Jacquet Branch-Landau (born July 2, 1983) is a singer from the United States. She writes songs and plays the guitar. She made her first album, Broken Bracelet, in 2000, and released the platinum-selling albums The Spirit Room and Hotel Paper in August 2001 and June 2003, respectively. During this period, she worked with Carlos Santana on the single "The Game of Love", which won a Grammy Award. In 2004, she formed the musical duo The Wreckers with fellow musician Jessica Harp.

References

1983 births
Living people
Singers from Arizona
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons in producing a variety of signals at the surface of a solid specimen. The signals produced by the interacting electrons contain useful information such as the shape, atomic structure and conductivity.

Introduction
When an electron hits the surface, it may be reflected (backscattered), absorbed, or conducted away. Electrons that are absorbed can cause the atom that they hit to become unstable, forcing it to give off another electron (a secondary electron), or to give off light in order to stabilize. Different detectors, for the different types of reactions, may be fitted to an electron microscope, depending on what is being looked for.
The magnification that can be achieved in a scanning electron microscope depends on how narrow the beam of electrons that strikes the surface can be, and can reach 1 nanometer, about the size of 3 to 5 atoms. The control of the beam is achieved using magnetic fields, with other magnetic fields being used to shape the beam, and to move it across the sample. The range of magnification may range from 30x to as high as 500,000x.

Sample
The electron beam is affected by air and water molecules, so the sample must be placed in a vacuum. The sample must also be conductive to allow the electrons not reflected or absorbed to be conducted away. This gives some limits on the type of sample that can be used. In the case of samples from plants or animals, it often means that they must first be coated in gold before they can be placed in the microscope. This is done in order to preserve the sample and keep it from changing or decaying throughout the scanning process.
Components
The scanning electron microscope is made up of several components:

1. The electron gun is located at the very top or bottom of an SEM and is used to fire a beam of electrons at the object that we are looking at under SEM.

2. The lenses are used to focus electron beams so that we can get clear and detailed images of the examined object. They are not made of glass, but they are made of magnets that change the path of electrons created from the electron gun.

3. The sample chamber is the area where the specimen of interest is examined under SEM. As the technique is very sensitive, the chamber must be very sturdy and have no vibrations happen. This is to allow for the specimen to be kept very still in order for the SEM to produce good images.

4. The detector is the "eyes" of the microscope. It is able to produce the most detailed images of a specimen's surface. Many different detectors can be used depending upon the information wanted from the sample used.
5. The vacuum chamber is used to keep the electron beam from constant interference from air. The air particles are bad for electron beams in that the electrons would be knocked out of the air and onto the specimen, which will produce bad distorted surfaces of the specimen.

Microscopes
Taxonomy 
 Family Leporidae
 Genus Brachylagus
 Pygmy Rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis
 Genus Bunolagus
 Riverine Rabbit, Bunolagus monticularis
 Genus Caprolagus
 Hispid Hare, Caprolagus hispidus
 Genus Lepus (true hares, ca. 30 species)
 Antelope Jackrabbit, Lepus alleni
 Cape Hare, Lepus capensis
 European Hare, Lepus europaeus
 Granada Hare, Lepus granatensis
 Mountain Hare, Lepus timidus
 White-tailed Jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii
 Genus Nesolagus
 Annamite Striped Rabbit, Nesolagus timminsi
 Sumatran Striped Rabbit, Nesolagus netscheri
 Genus Oryctolagus
 European Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (includes the domestic rabbit)
 Genus Pentalagus
 Amami Rabbit, Pentalagus furnessi
 Genus Poelagus
 Bunyoro Rabbit, Poelagus marjorita
 Genus Pronolagus
 Natal Red Rock Hare, Pronolagus crassicaudatus
 Jameson's Red Rock Hare, Pronolagus randensis
 Smith's Red Rock Hare, Pronolagus rupestris
 Genus Romerolagus
 Volcano Rabbit, Romerolagus diazi
 Genus Sylvilagus (Cottontail rabbits, ca. 14 species)
Swamp Rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus
 Brush Rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani
 Tapeti, Sylvilagus brasiliensis
Other websites 

Lagomorphs
Casimir III the Great () (April 30, 1310 – November 5, 1370) was the King of Poland from 1333 until 1370. He was the son of Wladyslaw I the Short. He was the last king of the Piast dynasty, his daughter Jadwiga having married the Lithuanian duke Wladyslaw Jagiello.

Casimir III is the only Polish king to ever receive the title of "the Great". His reign was a time of prosperity and growth for the Polish kingdom. He focused on the economy and strengthening of the country and not on wars and expansion. He kept peace with the Teutonic Order during his reign, for he knew that Poland was weak and would not survive the confrontation with the knights. Because of that, he focused his attention on the south-eastern borders of the country and expanded there. In 1340, he conquered Red Ruthenia (Lviv along with it) from Hungary. Various trade laws created by him made it easier for Polish cities to gather more wealth. Cracow and Lviv gained in importance during his reign.
Curiosities 
 There is a proverb about the king: "Zastał Polskę drewnianą, a zostawił murowaną" (When he ascended Poland was wooden, when he left us, it was from stone) – he had raised many castles during his reign.
 The old Jewish part of Cracow is called "Kazimierz". It was one of the many cities established by the king.

Other websites 
 Poland during the reign of king Casimir III 

1310 births
1370 deaths
Kings of Poland
Piast dynasty
Thunbergia Retz. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia. Its members are known by various names, including thunbergias; clockvine on its own usually refers to Thunbergia grandiflora, while Thunbergia alata is often known as Black-eyed Susan vine or just Black-eyed Susan (not to be confused with other flowers called Black-eyed Susan). Orange clockvine is the name of Thunbergia gregorii.

Thunbergia was named for Carl Peter Thunberg.

References 

Acanthaceae
The Pillows (or the pillows) is a Japanese rock band made in 1989. They sang FLCL's theme song.

Members 
 Sawao Yamanaka - vocals, guitar, the leader.
 Yoshiaki Manabe - guitar.
 Shinichirou Sato - drums.
 Jun Suzuki - bass.

Albums 
 Moon Gold (1991)
 White Incarnation (1992)
 Kool Spice (1994)
 Living Field (1995)
 Please Mr. Lostman (1997)
 Little Busters (1998)
 Runners High (1999)
 Happy Bivouac (1999)
 Smile (2001)
 Thank You, My Twilight (2002)
 Penalty Life (ペナルティーライフ, 2003)
 90's My Life Returns (2004)
 Good Dreams (2004)
 My Foot (2006)
 Wake Up! Wake Up! Wake Up! (2007)
 Pied Piper (2008)

Other websites 
 Official website

Japanese musical groups
Musicians from Hokkaido
The Rio Negro is a river which flows through the Amazon rainforest in north-western Brazil, in the state of Amazonas.

It is the largest blackwater river in the world. It is called Negro (Spanish and Portuguese for "black") because its waters are colored by particles of humus, which make them look much like tea.

The Rio Negro is the largest tributary of the Amazon on the left-hand side (as it goes towards the sea). It starts in Colombia and ends in the Amazon basin.

Rio Negro has a very high species richness. About 700 fish species have been documented in the river basin, and it is estimated that the total is 800–900 fish species, including almost 100 endemics and several undescribed species. Among these are many that are important in the aquarium trade, including the cardinal tetra.

References 

Rivers of Brazil
Rivers of Venezuela
Rivers of Colombia
Castella (Kasutera in Japanese) is a sponge cake produced in Japan. It is made of sugar, flour, eggs, and starch syrup, very common at festivals and as a street food.
It was originally produced in Portugal during medieval times, and when the Portuguese reached Japan they gave some of it to the Japanese nobility. The name is derived from Portuguese Pão de Castela which means "bread of Spain".

Cakes
Mallow (Irish Mala "plain of the rock") is the "Crossroads of Munster" and the administrative capital of north County Cork, in the Republic of Ireland. The Northern Divisional Offices of Cork County Council are in the town.

Towns in Ireland
County Cork
This list displays the 7 pilot and all 233 episodes of Gumby.

Pilot Episodes (1953-1956)
Gumbasia
The Gumby Pilot
Mandala
The Clay Peacock
The Sea Horse
Lawn Party (Live action)
Gumby Bumpers

Season 1 (December 29, 1956-May 9, 1959)
Moon Trip
Moon Trip Part II: Gumby on the Moon
Moon Trip Part III: Trapped on the Moon
Mirror Land
Lost and Found
Little Lost Pony
The Blockheads
Fantastic Farmer
Gopher Trouble
Too Loo
Gumby Concerto
The Black Knight
Mysterious Fires
Robot Rumpus Part I: Yard Work Made Easy
Robot Rumpus Part II
Toy Crazy
Toy Joy
Lion Around
Lion Drive
The Eggs and Trixie
Egg Trouble
Odd Balls
Outcast Marbles
Gumby Business / Gumbasia: Baby Gumby
Toy Fun
How Not to Trap Lions
The Mocking Monkey
The Magic Wand
The Magic Show
Pokey Express
Indian Trouble
The Racing Game
The Racing Game Part II: Gumby Racer
Rain Spirits
The Kachinas
Toying Around
Toy Capers
In the Dough
In the Dough Part II: Baker's Tour
Tree Trouble
Tree Trouble Part II: Eager Beavers
Train Trouble
Season 2 (May 16, 1959-June 13, 1981)
In A Fix
The Zoops
Even Steven
The Glob
Chicken Feed
Hidden Valley
The Groobee
The Witty Witch
Hot Rod Granny
Ricochet Pete
Northland Follies
The Small Planets
King for a Day
Sad King Ott’s Daughter
Rain for Roo
Santa-Witch (Pokey only and Blue Seal Goo)
Scrooge Loose
Pigeon in a Plum Tree
The Big Eye
Lawn Party (Live action)
Who’s What (First Henry and Rodgy cartoon)
Dragon Witch (Second Henry and Rodgy cartoon)
Treasure For Henry (Third Henry and Rodgy cartoon)
Space Ball
Pilgrims on the Rocks
Pokey’s Price
Son of Liberty
Gumby Crosses the Delaware
Siege of Boonesborough
The Missile-Bird
Good Knight Story
The Blue Goo
A Hair-Raising Adventure
Goo for Pokey (Pokey only and Blue Mermaid Goo)
Candidate for President
Gumby’s Fire Department (G.F.D.)
Making Squares
Point of Honor
The Golden Iguana
School for Squares
The Magic Flute
Sticky Pokey
The Ferris Wheel Mystery
The Golden Gosling
Do-It-Yourself Gumby
Behind the Puffball
Super Spray
Mason Hornet
Mason Hornet
The Reluctant Gargoyles
Tricky Train (first appearance of Nopey)
Prickle’s Problem
A Groobee Fight
The Gumby League
Tail Tale
Haunted Hot Dog
Of Clay and Critters
Tricky Ball
Dragon Daffy
Moon Madness
Shady Lemonade
Piano Rolling Blues
The Moon Boggles
Hot Ice
Pokey Minds the Baby
A Lovely Bunch of Coconuts
All Broken Up
The Rodeo King
This Little Piggy
El Toro
Bully for Gumby
Puppy Talk (first Nopey talks)
Puppy Dog School
Dopey Nopey
Dog Catchers
A Bone for Nopey
Gumby Baby-Sits
Stuck on Books
Gabby Auntie
Foxy Box
Motor Madness
Weight and See
Mystic Magic
Grub Grabber Gumby (remake of Pigs Is Pigs)
Prickle Turns Artist
Wishful Thinking
Turnip Trap
The Indian Challenge
Gold Rush Gumby
Season 3 (August 6, 1983-December 2, 1989)
The Music Ball
Shrink-A-Dink
Hatching Out
Mirror-Aculous Recovery
As the Worm Turns
Wild Girls
Lost Treasure
The Beetle and the Caterpillar
A Smashing Hit
Gumbot
Guitar Magic
Gumbitty Doo Dah
A Miner Affair
All Cooped Up
Gumby’s Circus
The Elephant and the Dragon
Denali’s House
Ostrich Feathers
Birthday Party in the Middle Ages
The Big City
Of Note
Humbug!!
Fun Day
The Denali Blues
The Fliver 5000
Minga Sitting
A Real Seal
Melon Felons
Merry-Go-Pumpkin
Time Kapp-Sule
The Search
Educational TV
Band Contest
The Big Squirt
Little Girl Lost
Command Performance
Witch Way
Children for Sale
Sleepy Time Robbers
Strange Circus Animals
A Gumby Day
Cottage for Granny
Wind Bag
A Lotta Hot Air
The Wild Horse
The Plant
Naughty Boy
Young Granny
Balloonacy
Picnic
gumbastic
Funtasia
Rip Van Prickle (scene from The Big City)
The Great Mastodon Robbery
Wild Train Ride
Arctic Antics
Runaway Camel
The Abominable Doughman (feature A Lotta Hot Air)
The Astrobots
Blocks in the Head
Blocks in the Head
Geese Grief
Fox Hunt
Goo’s Pies
Moving Experience
Gumby’s Close Encounter
Flying Carpet
Minga’s Folly
High as a Kite
Proxy Gumby
Goo and the Queen
Prickle’s Baby Brudder
Goo and the Queen Part II: The New Castle
Little Denali Lost
Clay Play
Gone Clayzy
The Knight Mare
Lost In Chinatown
Joker’s Wild
My-O-Maya
Gumball Gumby
Pokey à la Mode
The Forbidden Mine
Robot Farm
The Forbidden Mine Part II: The Great Adventure
Space Oddity
2 Bee or Knot 2 Bee
Space Oddity Part II: Outer Space
Skateboard Rally
Goo’s Music Video
Best in the Block
The Lost Birthday Present
Just Train Crazy
Wickiups and Bulrushes
Kangaroo Express
Kid Brother Kids
For the Graduate
Clayfully Yours
Gumby Music Video (G.M.V.)
Time Out
Dolly for Minga
Season 4 (May 7, 1994-April 19, 1997)
Lost Arrow
Clay Trix (edit from The Clay Peacock)
Chatter Box / The Funny Bathtub
CLOPS
Adventures of Gumboy
Gumby Old Men

Lists of animated television series episodes
Sri Krishnadevaraya (, , 1509-1529 CE) was the most famous king of Vijayanagara Empire. He ruled the Vijayangara empire at the most important time. He is considered to be one of the great kings of India. Emperor Krishnadevaraya also earned the titles Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ), Moorurayaraganda (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ) (what means King of three kings) and Andhra Bhoja (ఆంధ్రభోజ). Much of our information about his reign comes from the accounts of Portuguese travelers Domingos Paes and Nuniz. King krishnadeva Ray and was the 3rd and the greatest ruler of the Tulava empire
Paes describes the king's attitude to law and order by the sentence, "The king maintains the law by killing."  Offences against property (designed to maintain stability) and for murder ranged from cutting of a foot and hand for theft and beheading for murder (except for those occurring as a result of duel). Paes could not estimate the size of Vijaynagar as his view was obscured by the hills but estimated the city to be at least as large as Rome. Furthermore, he considered Vijaynagar to be "the best provided city in the world" with a population of not less than a half a million.

Paes praises Krishnadevaraya as, “the most feared and perfect King… a great ruler and a man of much justice”. 

The rule of Krishnadevaraya was an age of good literature in many languages. But it is known as a golden age of Telugu literature. Many  Telugu, Sanskrit, Kannada and Tamil poets enjoyed the patronage of the emperor. Emperor Krishnadevaraya was fluent in many languages.
References
 Smith, Vincent, Oxford History of India, Fourth Edition, pgs. 306-307, and 312-313.
 Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, Concise history of Karnataka, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002).
 Prof K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002)

Other websites
 The Golden Era of Telugu Literature from the Vepachedu Educational Foundation
 (Krishnadevaraya's complex at Tirupati) 
 Statutes of Krishnadevaraya and his wives at Tirupati. 
 http://www.vijayanagaracoins.com/htm/krishna.htm  (gold coins during his reign.)
 Hampi - History and Tourism
 Incredible India Hampi Guide 
 A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar): a contribution to the history of India (Translation of the "Chronica dos reis de Bisnaga" written by Domingos Paes and Fernão Nunes about 1520 and 1535, respectively, with a historical introduction by Robert Sewell).''available freely at Project Gutenberg

1509 births
1529 deaths
Indian monarchs
16th century in India
The Tocantins River is a river that flows through the northeastern part of Brazil. It rises in the district with a lot of mountains known as the Pireneus.  These can be found to the west of the Federal District. Its western tributary, the Araguaia River, has headwaters very far south on the slopes of the Serra dos Caiapós.

Rivers of Brazil
Bukka ಬುಕ್ಕ್ (1356-1377 CE) (also known as Bukka Raya I was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. Bukka patronised Telugu poet Nachana Soma.
It is said that Bukka also sent a mission to China during his reign.

Important works of literature were also written during his rule. Dozens of scholars lived under the guidance of Vidyaranya and Sayana. Sayana's commentary on the Vedas, Brahmanas and Aranyakas was written under the patronage of Bukka.

References
 Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, Concise history of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002)
 Chopra, P.N. T.K. Ravindran and N. Subrahmaniam.History of South India. S. Chand, 2003.

Other websites
AP Online: Medieval history 

Emperors and empresses
Indian monarchs
1356 births
1377 deaths
14th century in India
McGill University or just McGill is an English language university in Montreal, Canada. It was created in 1821, few years before the country Canada existed. McGill University ranks first in Canada for 16 consecutive years according to Maclean's University Rankings.

References

Association of American Universities
McGill University
1821 establishments in North America
1820s establishments in Canada
The Renault Koleos is the second SUV from Renault after the Renault Scénic RX4. It was first presented on the Geneva Motorshow in the year 2000, then on the "Autosalon Paris" 2006. It was designed by Patrick le Quément (chief designer) and developed by Nissan.

This car is 4520 mm long, 1890 mm wide and 1700 mm high and has a weight of 1800 kg.

Other websites

Sport utility vehicles
Koleos
Busan
The Beagle is a breed of small to medium-sized dog. It is a Hound, and it has short legs and long, soft ears. Beagles are mostly developed for hunting and finding hare, rabbit, and other kinds of game. They can do this because they can smell well and have very quick instincts. They are also popular as pets because of their good size, sweet temper, and health. Because of their character, beagles are often used for animal testing. 

Beagles can have coats of different colours. Some variations can be three-coloured, orange, red, or lemon, although they are widely known for sporting the three-coloured look (Black, brown, and white). They usually have brown eyes.

Although beagle-type dogs have existed for over 2,000 years, the modern kind came from Great Britain around the 1830s.
Beagles have been included in popular culture since the times when Queen Elizabeth began to rule, in literature and paintings, and more recently in movie, television and comic books. Snoopy of the comic strip Peanuts has been picked as "the world's most famous beagle".

History

Early beagles 
Dogs that look almost the same as the modern Beagle can be traced in Ancient Greece
back to around the 5th century BC. In the Treatise on Hunting or Cynegeticus, written by Xenophon, who said there was a hound that hunted hares by scent and was followed by foot. Small hounds were mentioned in the Forest Laws. If these laws were true, it would be enough proof that beagle-type dogs lived in England before 1016, but it is likely that the laws were written in the Middle Ages for tradition.
From medieval times, beagle was used as a general description for small hounds, even though they are actually very different from the modern breed. Small breeds of beagle-type dogs were living even from the times of Edward II and Henry VII. Edward and Henry both had packs of Glove Beagles, who were named because of their small size. Also, Queen Elizabeth I kept a breed known as a Pocket Beagle, which stood  at the shoulder. It was named so because it could fit in a "pocket" or saddlebag, when they rode along on the hunt. Elizabeth I called the dogs her singing beagles and often entertained guests at her royal table by letting her Pocket Beagles cavort amid their plates and cups. Ever since then, it is possible that the name was used to refer to the same kind of small hounds. In George Jesse's Researches into the History of the British Dog from 1866, Gervase Markham is quoted referring to the Beagle as small enough to sit on a man's hand and to the:

References 

Dog breeds originating in England
FCI breeds
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (Telugu:నందమూరి తారక రామా రావు)(28 May 1923–18 January 1996), more commonly known as N.T. Rama Rao, NTR by his fans, or Anna garu, was an Indian movie actor, director, producer, and politician. He founded the Telugu Desam Party and served three times as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. His movies included mythological, social, and folk themes. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in the 1960s for his work in Telugu cinema. After acting, Rao became a political activist and party leader.

References 

1923 births
1996 deaths
Indian actors
Indian movie directors
Indian movie producers
Politicians from Andhra Pradesh
The Piast dynasty was a Polish dynasty that ruled Poland as first lords in the 10th century, until 1370. Piasts ruled also in Masovia until 1526 and Silesia until 1675.

List of Polish rulers from Piast dynasty
M>Tram was a tram operator in Melbourne, Victoria. They got a 12-year contract on 29 August, 1999 to run the Swanston Trams franchise, which was later renamed to M>Train. M>Tram stopped running trams in April 2004. Yarra Trams runs all tram services in Melbourne now. M>Tram's slogan was Moving Melbourne.

Related pages
 M>Train

References 

Public transport in Melbourne
Australian transport companies
Scrooge McDuck or Uncle Scrooge is a fictional character first appearing in the Disney comic book Christmas on Bear Mountain. The character was created by Carl Barks and has appeared in many comic books, television shows (most notably in his own animated television series DuckTales) movies, and video games. Since 1952 Scrooge McDuck has appeared in his own comic book series, called Uncle Scrooge. He is partially based on the fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge, from Charles Dickens' novel, A Christmas Carol and on the real Scottish-born American businessman Andrew Carnegie, whose life story resembles that of Scrooge McDuck. 

Scrooge was born in Scotland in 1867, the son of Fergus McDuck. His family is very poor, so Scrooge emigrates to USA where he finds gold and becomes rich. In 1902 he moves to Duckburg and builds the Money Bin on Killmotor Hill in the center of Duckburg. Over the next years, Scrooge travels the world, learning about many cultures. In 1930, Scrooge became the richest duck on Earth.
In 1942, Scrooge retires and buys a mansion called the Manor McDuck. In 1947, he invites his nephew Donald Duck and his grand-nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie to spend Christmas at his mansion. His main enemies include the criminal gang called the Beagle Boys who keep trying to steal Scrooge's money, and Flintheart Glomgold, the second richest duck in the world, who tries to destroy Scrooge's wealth and become the richest duck in the world. 

Despite his huge wealth, Scrooge does not like to spend his money, and instead likes to swim in his "Money Bin" full of coins. Although he is well-meaning and cares about his relatives and other people, he reluctantly gives allowance to his grand-nephews, with the condition that they spend it wisely.

References

Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
Fictional ducks
Disney characters
Money Bin is a fictional building that Scrooge McDuck owns. The building was constructed in 1902, after Scrooge entered the diamond market.

The building contains all of Scrooge's fortune, which is 'quadrillions' of dollars. The old duck also owns factories, mines, railroads, oil wells and spaceships. 

The building appears on Ducktales, The Life and times of Scrooge McDuck, and Ducktales the movie.

Fictional buildings and structures
DuckTales

en:Duck universe#Money Bin
The Cylon Resurrection Ship is a fictional type of spacecraft found in the television series Battlestar Galactica. The ship is a part of Cylon fleet.

Cylons who are killed have their consciousness downloaded into a nearby resurrection ship. A new body is created for their consciousness. This lets them live again after they die. If a cylon is too far away from the nearest resurrection ship, death will be permanent. With nowhere for the consciousness to download to, they will simply cease to exist.

Battlestar Galactica
DIY or Do it yourself is a method of home improvement, where the home owner gets materials and tools for themself, then does the work on their own, without professional help.
 
DIY can also mean using any skill to do work or a hobby for fun and not hire help. An example is an activity in arts and crafts. A DIY culture is also used in the alternative rock, punk rock, and indie rock music scenes; and in the zine community. 
Construction
Culture
Bolesław I the Brave (Polish Bolesław I Chrobry) (967  June 17, 1025) was the duke of Poland from 992 to April 18, 1025 and King of Poland from April 18 to June 17, 1025. He was also a duke of Bohemia known as Boleslav IV from 1003 to 1004. He was the son of Mieszko I, first known ruler of Poland.
Conquests
Boleslav wasn't aggressive as long as his friend - the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire lived. After his death in 1002, Boleslav started the imperial policy. During the chaos in Reich, duke conquered the border areas : Lusatia and Meissen. When finally Henry II took over the German Throne, he accepted annexiation of Lusatia, giving it to Bolslav as a fiefdom, and giving Meissen to his ally - Gunzelin. In 1003 the duke of Bohemia - Vladivoj, died. This death caused intervention in Czechia, where Boleslav put on the throne Boleslav III, that was banished before. In the same year, probably thanks to requests of the Czech opposition, Boleslav (Polish one) put out the Boleslav's (Czech one) eyes and become the Duke of Bohemia himself. He wouldn't like to pay tribute to the German Emperor, like did the Czech dukes, and that was an excuse, that started Polish - German War from 1003 -1018.

We know 7 children of Bolesław I. Two of them, Mieszko II Lambert and Bezprym ruled Poland after his death.
Interesting Facts 
 The King introduced new law - any man that will sleep with multiple woman will be taken to the bridge and his private areas will be nailed to it. Then he will be left with knife and choice - either die on the bridge over the time or cut himself. This simple rule caused - until now pogan - culture to promote sacred life with one partner only.
 Image of Bolesław the Brave is on 20 zlotys paper money

References 

967 births
1025 deaths
Polish dukes
Kings of Poland
Piast dynasty
Bo Diddley (born Ellas Bates, December 30, 1928 in McComb, Mississippi, died June 2, 2008 in Archer, Florida) was an American singer, guitarist and songwriter. He was one of the original rock and roll musicians; he, along with others, created rock music.

In 1955, he recorded and released his first songs. He is most famous for the rhythm which he has made popular in many of his recordings. The rhythm has become known as the Bo Diddley beat. Some of the most popular songs which feature the Bo Diddley beat include "Not Fade Away" and "I Want Candy", George Michael's song "Faith" and U2's song "Desire". Bo Diddley is also famous for the unusual shapes of many of his guitars, for his exciting stage shows and for his use of female musicians.

Bo Diddley made many appearances on radio, television and in the movies. In 1956, he co-wrote the popular song "Love Is Strange" for the singing duo Mickey and Sylvia.
Some of his most popular songs are: "I'm A Man" (1955), "Pretty Thing" (1955), "Bring It To Jerome" (1955), "Diddy Wah Diddy" (1955), "Who Do You Love" (1956), "Mona (I Need You Baby)" (1957), "Before You Accuse Me" (1957), "Crackin' Up" (1959), "Say Man" (1959), "Say Man, Back Again" (1959), "Road Runner" (1960), "Pills" (1961), "You Can't Judge A Book By The Cover" (1962) and "I Can Tell" (1962).

Bo Diddley often sang simple or amusing songs about himself. Some of these songs are "Bo Diddley" (1955), "Diddley Daddy" (1955), "Hey Bo Diddley" (1957), "Bo Meets The Monster" (1958), "Bo Diddley's A Gunslinger" (1960), "Just Like Bo Diddley" (1989), "Bo Diddley Is Crazy" (1996) and "Oops! Bo Diddley" (1996).