Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
American Airlines Flight 587 was a scheduled commercial flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to Las Américas International Airport in the Dominican Republic. The aircraft used was a Airbus A300-600. On November 12, 2001, the aircraft crashed into the Belle Harbor neighborhood of Queens, New York. All 260 people on the flight were killed. Five people on the ground were also killed. The crash was caused by the failure of the plane's tail because of pilot error in wake turbulence (turbulence that forms behind an airplane as it flies through the air). It is the second-deadliest plane crash in the United States after American Airlines Flight 191, which occurred on May 25, 1979.

Since the accident took place two months and one day after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in Manhattan, it led people to believe that the crash was caused by terrorism.

Aircraft and Victims
American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300B4-605R registration (N14053) was piloted by Captain Edward States, (42) and First Officer Sten Molin, (34). The First Officer was flying the plane. Most of the passengers on-board (159) were Americans, but 68 were Dominicans as well, there were also five Indonesians, three Taiwanese, two Canadians, two Australians, two Brazilians, one French, one German, one Haitian, one Italian, one Japanese, one Dutch, one Israeli, one Mexican, one British, and one Swiss passenger on board.

Flight
Flight

Flight 587 was scheduled to leave John F Kennedy at 08:00 for a flight to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The boarding process at gate 22 took a little longer than planned due to additional security procedures that delayed boarding. The gate was closed at 08:38 and push-back from the gate was accomplished at 9:00. The crew taxied to runway 31L behind Japan Airlines Flight 047, a Boeing 747-400 bound for Tokyo, Narita. Japan Airlines Flight 047 was cleared for takeoff at 9:11am, as the 747 climbed, the tower contacted Flight 587’s pilots and warned them about potential wake turbulence from the 747.
Eight seconds later, the stall warning sounded on the cockpit voice recorder. At the moment the stabilizer separated from the aircraft the plane pitched downwards.  As the pilots struggled to control the aircraft, it went into a flat spin. The resulting aerodynamic loads sheared both engines from the aircraft seconds before impact. The engines landed several blocks north and east of the main wreckage site. Losing the engines cut off power to the FDR at 9:16:00, while the CVR cut off at 9:16:15 moments before impact.

The fuselage slammed onto the ground in Belle Harbor on Newport Avenue and Beach 131st Street, instantly destroying three houses. All 260 people aboard the plane and five people on the ground were killed, and one person on the ground is injured and the impact forces and post-crash fire destroyed the wreckage.

Investigation
The investigation into the crash of American Airlines Flight 587 was led by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).
They concluded that the probable cause of the in-flight separation of the vertical stabilizer was the result of the loads beyond ultimate design that were created by the first officer’s unnecessary and excessive rudder pedal inputs. Contributing to these rudder pedal inputs were characteristics of the A300-600 rudder system design and elements of the American Airlines Aircraft Manoeuvring Program.

References

Other websites

Archive of AA.com on November 13, 2001
Photos of the plane involved in the accident and of the crash scene from Airliners.net

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2001
2001 in the United States

2000s in New York City
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
November events
Queens (New York City)
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
La Cambre Abbey (French: Abbaye de la Cambre) is a former abbey in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium. It is between Bois de la Cambre and the Ixelles Ponds. It was founded in 1201 by a noble woman of Brussels, Gisèle. The abbey church is a Catholic church. The monastery also has the headquarters of the Belgian National Geographic Institute and a visual arts school. It has a small park in the front and a larger one in the back.

References

Other websites
 Abbaye de la Cambre  on the Visitbrussels web site

1201 establishments
Abbeys
Buildings and structures in Belgium
Brussels-Capital Region
1200s establishments in Europe
An altered state of consciousness (ASC), or altered state of mind, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. The expression was used in 1966 by Arnold M. Ludwig, and brought into common usage by Charles Tart. It describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered state of awareness".

Altered states of consciousness can be associated with artistic creativity, or different focus levels. They also can be shared between people and studied as a subject of sociological research.

States of consciousness
During an altered state of consciousness, brain waves occupy different frequencies (i.e. Epsilon, Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma). These waves can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Also, subjective reports and observer reports of behaviour are used to identify the altered state.

Related pages 
Tonic immobility

References 

Consciousness
Tony! Toni! Toné! are an American rhythm and blues group. They started in Oakland, California. They were very popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Their first record, Who?, was released in 1988. Their hit singles included "Little Walter" and "Let's Get Down". They disbanded around 1997, although they returned six years later.

albums 
 Who? (1988)
 The Revival (1990)
 Sons of Soul (1993)
 House of Music (1996)

Other websites

American boy bands
American R&B bands
American pop music groups
Autopoiesis refers to life and other self-organising systems. The word means "self creation or self-production". It refers to a system which can reproduce and sustain itself. 

The term was introduced in 1972 by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela to define the self-maintaining chemistry of living cells. Since then the concept has also been applied to systems theory and sociology.
What is life? 
Autopoiesis was a modern definition for life, plus any other systems with lifelike properties. To qualify for the name autopoiesis a system would need to show three main features:
The production of their own components
The correct assembly of these components
Continuous repair and maintenance of their own existence.
Roth commented that "In short, organisms are self-reproducing and self-maintaining, or 'autopoietic', systems". This approach makes use of molecular biology ideas and systems science ideas, but it does not refer to the particular way life is organised on Earth. This is because the authors thought it was possible for machines to have those features, and for other types of life to exist.

References 

Biology
Systems theory
Philosophy of science
Aloe is a genus of succulent plants, with over 500 species. The best-known of these is probably Aloe vera, which is widely cultivated. Aloe vera is probably extinct in the wild.

The species Aloe vera is a great natural moisturizer and can help to soothe dry skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce the appearance of blemishes and wrinkles. Plus, Aloe vera is non-irritating and can be used on any type of skin. 

Asparagales
Baldwin VI of Flanders (–1070), called Baldwin de Mons was a Frankish nobleman.  He was the ruling Count of Hainaut (jure uxoris) from 1051 to 1070 (as Baldwin I) and succeeded his father as Count of Flanders from 1067 to 1070.

Career 

Baldwin was the oldest son of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and Adela of France. Adela was a daughter of king Robert II of France. and Constance of Arles. He was also the brother of Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of England and wife of William the Conqueror, King of England.
Richilde son Roger, from her first marriage, was thought by her not fit to be the next count of Hainaut. Baldwin and Richilde arranged for him to be the Bishop of Chalons. This allowed her son by her second marriage, Baldwin (II) to become the count of Hainaut. Her daughter by her first husband became a nun. Baldwin acquired the remainder of the county of Hainaut by fiefs and by purchasing allods. Baldwin died 17 Jul 1070. His early death left Flanders and Hainaut in the hands of his young son Arnulf III, with Richilde as regent.

Baldwin rebuilt the monastery of Hasnon and gave gifts of his own properties to support it. He placed monks there and made it his burial place.

Family 

Baldwin and Richilde were the parents of:

Arnulf III, Count of Flanders (–1071).
Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut (–1098).

Notes

References

1030s births
1070 deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
Sir David Paradine Frost OBE (7 April 1939 – 31 August 2013) was an English journalist, comedian, writer, media personality and daytime TV game show host.

He became famous when he hosted That Was The Week That Was in 1962. This was a political satire in a period of change. During the later part of his career, he became known for his television interviews with senior political figures. One of his interviews included The Nixon Interviews with former United States President Richard Nixon in 1977. These events were later made into a stage play and movie.

Frost was born on 7 April 1939 in Tenterden, Kent, England. He was raised in Gillingham, Kent. Frost studied at Gillingham Grammar School and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
Frost was married to Lynne Frederick from 1981 until they divorced in 1982. He had an 18-year intermittent affair with Carol Lynley. Then he was married to Lady Carina Fitzalan-Howard from 1983 until his death in 2013. He had three sons with Fitzalan-Howard. Diana, Princess of Wales was the godmother of Frost's youngest son. He was once briefly engaged to American actress Diahann Carroll.

Frost died on 31 August 2013 while giving a speech on board the cruise ship MS Queen Elizabeth from a heart attack caused by cardiomyopathy. He was 74 years old.

References

Other websites

BBC News Profile of David Frost
 Clips of Frost interviews on BBC TV
TV Cream on Paradine Productions 

1939 births
2013 deaths
Comedians from Kent
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Emmy Award winners
English journalists
English television presenters
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Television personalities from Kent
Writers from Kent
The Battle of Cassel was fought on 22 February 1071 between Robert the Frisian and his nephew, Arnulf III (son of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders). The battle was a victory for Robert the Frisian; Arnulf III was killed in the battle. This battle severely weakened the countship of Flanders.

Events 

Arnulf succeeded his father Baldwin in 1070. His mother Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut was his regent. Robert the Frisian, Baldwin VI's brother and Arnulf III's uncle, challenged
Arnulf's succession to Flanders. He began gathering supporters mainly in northern Flanders (where the bulk of Arnulf's forces were located). Arnulf's ranks contained individuals such as Count Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, his son Eustace III, and Godfrey of Bouillon (future king of Jerusalem). Arnulf was also supported by King Philip I of France who knighted Arnulf at the time. His uncle, William the Conqueror sent Arnulf ten Norman knights led by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford.
Robert's forces attacked Arnulf's larger army before it could organize. Arnulf himself was killed. Also killed in the battle was William FitzOsborn. Captured were Richilde (by Robert's forces) and Robert (by Arnulf III's force). Richilde was exchanged for Robert's freedom. Robert kept the countship of Flanders and ruled a much smaller county until 1093. He gained the friendship of King Philip I of France, by offering him the hand in marriage of his stepdaughter, Bertha of Holland.

Notes

References 

1071
Cassel
Flanders
February events
Cassel
The Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor, K. 466 is a piece of music for solo piano and orchestra. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart between January and February 1785. Mozart first performed the concerto in Vienna, Austria, on February 11, 1785. The concerto is very dramatic. It has always been popular with musicians and music lovers.

Background
Background 

The Piano Concerto in D minor was written by Mozart between the third week of January 1785 and February 10 of the same year. The next day, his father Leopold Mozart arrived in Vienna from Salzburg, Austria for a 10-week stay. That evening, Mozart performed the concerto at the Mehlgrube Casino. Leopold wrote his daughter Nannerl: "We arrived at 1 o'clock ... the copyist was still copying the new concerto and your poor brother did not have enough time to play through the Rondo because he had to supervise the copying ... On the same evening we drove to the first of his six subscription concerts. A great many members of the aristocracy were present. They each pay three ducats for these Lenten concerts ... Your brother is giving them at the Mehlgrube ... The concert was magnificent and the orchestra played splendidly ... A female singer from the Italian theatre sang two arias then we had the new and very fine concerto." Mozart played the concerto again at the Burgtheater on February 15, 1785.
The Piano Concerto in D minor is a moody, chromatic work of passionate, troubled, and dramatic outbursts. The work was a favorite of 19th century musiciansin spite of its 75-measure "happy ending" in D major. Nineteenth century musicians typically did not like "happy endings" in intensely dramatic, turbulent works such as this concerto. The Piano Concerto in D minor is the first of only two concertos Mozart wrote in minor keys. The other is the Piano Concerto in C minor.

Movements 

The Piano Concerto in D minor is written for solo piano, flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings. This was the first time Mozart used trumpets and drums in a piano concerto.
I. The D minor sonata form opening movement is an Allegro in common time. It has been described by critic and scholar Ethan Mordden as a furious struggle which does not resolve itself within the movement. This movement is forward looking, and anticipates the powerful soloist versusorchestra concertos of the 19th century.
 II. The second movement is a Romanza written in B-flat major and common time. It is a lyrical piece with a stormy middle section. It is an Andante, although it does not have a tempo indication. It is written in rondo form (ABACA). Just before the end, the music plunges into the key of G minor.  
 III. The last movement returns to D minor. (Allegro assai; alla breve), and is one of Mozart's rare rondos in a minor key. The movement is written in an extended sonata-rondo form (ABACDA, with a coda). C is a development with the reprise in D. The development strays to G minor, but D major brings the movement to its close.
Cadenzas 
Mozart did not write cadenzas for the concerto. His son, Franz Xavier Wolfgang Mozart, was a pianist-composer who had the concerto in his repertory, and wrote cadenzas for it.
Beethoven also had the D minor concerto in his repertory though he did not usually perform the compositions of other composers. He did however perform the Piano Concerto in D minor several times. He wrote cadenzas for the first and third movements. In his cadenza for the first movement, Beethoven plunges the listener into a world of powerful, frightening, and intense drama.

Recordings 
 Mozart: Great Piano Concertos. Ashkenazy (cond. & piano), Philharmonia/1997/London 452958.
 Mozart: Piano Concertos 20, 23, 24, 26 & 27. Britten (cond.), Curzon, English Chamber Orchestra/2001/Decca 468491.
 Mozart: Piano Concertos 20 & 23. Marriner (cond.), Moravec, Academy of St Martin in the Fields/Haenssler 98142.

Notes

References
 
 
 
 
  

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Mozart 20
Words with Friends is a multi-player word game by Zynga. Players take turns to place words like crosswords on a board, similar to Scrabble. Up to 30 games can be played at the same time. Notifications are used to tell users when it is their turn. Players can find friends by their username, or by Facebook.

The game was released in July 2009. It can be played across the operating systems operating systems Android, Windows Phone and iOS (iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch).  It can also be played on Facebook, Kindle Fire, and Nook Tablet. In the game is an unreliable chat feature, which allows opponents to send messages to each other. From 2010 to 2011 Words with Friends was one of the top games in the iOS app store. It can be played as a free version with advertisements, or a paid version without ads.
Gameplay 
The rules of the game are essentially the same as Scrabble. Some features are different, such as where bonus tiles are, and the points scored by some letters. Players have 7 randomly picked tiles. These tiles are filled whenever some are played on the board until all of the tiles have been used. Players take turns putting words on the board. If they do not play a word, they can swap tiles with ones not yet used, or pass their turn. Words can be placed up and down, or left and right. Players want to score as many points as they can.

The game ends when a player has no more tiles, and there are no more tiles in the bag. After the last tile is played, the other player will lose points for the total score of their tiles. These points are given to the person who played the final move. The player with the highest score wins.
Players can move their tiles around. They can also reorder them by pressing a button or shaking the device. Players can quit games if they want to. The game has two more features, "tile bag" and "word-o-meter", both can be used for free. 

173,000 words can be played. The list of words used is based on the Enhanced North American Benchmark Lexicon (ENABLE).

Origin 
The game was made by Shawn Lohstroh for brothers Paul and David Bettner. They were the owners of Newtoy Inc. at the time.

Board game 
In 2012, Zynga produced many physical board games of Words with Friends in association with Hasbro. There is a normal version, a "Luxe" version with a board that turns, and a "To Go" travel version

References 

2009 video games
Taliesin West was architect Frank Lloyd Wright's winter home and school in the desert from 1937 until his death in 1959 at the age of 91.  Today it is the main campus of the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture and houses the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation.

Open to the public for tours, Taliesin West is located on Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.  The complex drew its name from Wright's summer home, Taliesin, in Spring Green, Wisconsin.

References

Other websites

Taliesin West Official Site
Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation established at Taliesin West
The Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture, the official website of the school

Frank Lloyd Wright
Buildings and structures in Arizona
The Frank Lloyd Wright/Prairie School of Architecture Historic District is a residential neighborhood in the village of Oak Park, Illinois. The Frank Lloyd Wright Historic District is both a federally designated historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and a local historic district within the village of Oak Park. 

The districts have differing boundaries and contributing properties, over 80 of which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, widely regarded as the greatest American architect to have ever lived.

References

Other websites

Frank Lloyd Wright in Oak Park: Oak Park River Forest Historical Society.

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Cook County, Illinois
Taliesin (/ˌtæliˈɛsɪn/), sometimes known as Taliesin East, Taliesin Spring Green, or Taliesin North after 1937,  near Spring Green, Wisconsin, was the summer home of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright began the building in 1911 after leaving his first wife, Catherine Tobin, and his Oak Park, Illinois, home and studio in 1909. 

The impetus behind Wright's departure was his affair with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, who had been his client, along with her husband, Edwin Cheney. His winter home, Taliesin West, is located in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Some of the buildings designed at Taliesin were Fallingwater, the Guggenheim Museum, the Johnson Wax Headquarters, and the first Usonian home, the first Herbert and Katherine Jacobs house, in Madison, Wisconsin (1936).

Other websites
Other websites

The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Information on the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, his archives, the Taliesin Fellowship, and tours
The Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture, the official website of the school
Taliesin Preservation, Inc. Restoration and tours of Taliesin
http://www.bolender.com/Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright/The_Taliesin_Fellowship_Publication_Volume_1_Number_2_February_1941 

Frank Lloyd Wright
Buildings and structures in Wisconsin
The American Institute of Architects or the AIA is an organization for architects in the United States. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.. 

The AIA offers education, government advice, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image. The AIA also works with other members of the design and construction team to help coordinate the building industry.

Other websites
 American Institute of Architects official website
 American Institute of Architects Records at Syracuse University (60 years of primary source material)
 Florida Institute of Architects Publications Digital Collection', including the American Institute of Architects' Florida Association's Florida Architect

Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Organizations in Washington, D.C.
Architectural organizations
Addison Morton Walker (September 3, 1923 – January 27, 2018), popularly known as Mort Walker, was an American comic artist. Walker was best known for creating the newspaper comic strips Beetle Bailey in 1950 and Hi and Lois in 1954. He has signed Addison to some of his strips.

Walker was born on September 3, 1923 in El Dorado, Kansas. He was raised in Kansas City, Kansas. Walker studied at Northeast High School and at the University of Missouri. 

Walker died from complications of pneumonia on January 27, 2018 at his home in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 94 years old.

References

Other websites
Official site
National Cartoonists Society: Mort Walker 
Mort Walker Papers 1950-1968 at Syracuse University (primary source material)
Mort Walker Collection  at University of Missouri (primary source material)

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Connecticut
American comics artists
American cartoonists
People from Kansas
People from Kansas City, Missouri
Orson Bean (July 22, 1928 – February 7, 2020) was an American actor. He appeared on televised game shows in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, including being a long-time panelist on the television game show To Tell the Truth. He was also known for his role as Roy Bender on Desperate Housewives. He was also known for his role as the Mercantile Shop Owner Loren Bray in Dr Quinn "Medicine Woman" which ran for 6 seasons.

Early life
Bean was born on July 22, 1928 in Burlington, Vermont. He studied at Harvard College and at Cambridge Rindge and Latin School.

Personal life
Bean was married to Jacqueline deSibour from 1956 until they divorced in 1962. They had one child. Then he was married to Carolyn Maxwell from 1965 until they divorced in 1981. They had three children. Then he was married to Alley Mills from 1993 to 2020.

Bean was hit and killed by two cars in Los Angeles on February 7, 2020 at the age of 91.
Books
 Me and the Orgone (1972) 
 Too Much Is Not Enough (1988) 
 25 Ways to Cook a Mouse for the Gourmet Cat (1994) 
 M@il for Mikey (2007)

Recordings
 At the Hungry i (1959 Fantasy UFAN 7009), comedy
 I Ate the Baloney (1969 Columbia CS 9743), comedy

References

Other websites

RootsWeb: Dowling Family Genealogy: Orson BEAN
Geni: Dallas Frederick Burrows

1928 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television presenters
American television personalities
Actors from Vermont
People from Burlington, Vermont
Comedians from Vermont
Writers from Vermont
Charlestown is a coastal town in Washington County in southwestern Rhode Island. It is near Westerly. The town was officially incorporated in 1738. The population was 7,997 at the 2020 Census.

References

Towns in Rhode Island
1738 establishments
1730s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Rhode Island
Shahid Afridi (), born Sahibzada Madar Shahid Khan Afridi on 1 March 1975) is a Pakistani cricketer. He played 27 Tests, 350 One Day Internationals, and 59 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) for the Pakistani national team between 1996 and 2012. He first played a ODI match on 2 October 1996 against Kenya. He played his first Test match on 22 October 1998 against Australia.

On 4 October 1996, Afridi scored the fastest ODI century in just 37 balls. He held this record for 12 years, until Corey Anderson broke it in 2013. He scored 32 runs in a single over, the sixth highest scoring over ever in an ODI. He has also hit the most number of sixes in the history of ODI cricket. He holds the record of most wickets in T20 from Pakistan. Indian former cricketer Ravi Shastari gave him the title of "Boom Boom".

References

Other websites

 Shahid Afridi  Profile on Cricket.com.pk
 Sports News Live

1975 births
Living people
Pashtun people
Cricketers from Karachi
The Southern Connecticut State University is one of four universities in the U.S. state of Connecticut. The university is in New Haven. It was established in 1893. It is the third oldest campus of the Connecticut State University System.

Colleges and universities in Connecticut
1893 establishments in the United States
New Haven, Connecticut
19th-century establishments in Connecticut
"So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright" is a song written by Paul Simon that was originally released on Simon & Garfunkel's 1970 album Bridge Over Troubled Water. It was released on several Simon & Garfunkel compilation albums. It has also been recorded by the London Pops Orchestra and Joe Chindamo trio.

Art Garfunkel said that the origin of the song came from his request that Paul Simon write a song about the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Simon has stated that he wrote the song despite not knowing who Frank Lloyd Wright was.

References

1970 songs
Frank Lloyd Wright
Simon & Garfunkel songs
The Unity Chapel is in the town of Wyoming in Iowa County, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

History
The Unitarian chapel was designed for Jenkin Lloyd Jones, a Unitarian minister from Wales. Jones' nephew, Frank Lloyd Wright, worked on the project.

References

Churches in the United States
Frank Lloyd Wright
1886 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Wisconsin
Johnson Wax Headquarters is the world headquarters and administration building of S. C. Johnson & Son. It is in Racine, Wisconsin. It was designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright for the company's president, Herbert F. "Hib" Johnson. The building was constructed from 1936 to 1939. Also known as the Johnson Wax Administration Building, it and the nearby 14-story Johnson Wax Research Tower (built 1944–1950) were designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1976 as Administration Building and Research Tower, S.C. Johnson and Son.

References

Other websites

S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. official website.
SC Johnson: The Golden Rondelle  website includes links to tour information for the Johnson Wax building.
Johnson Wax Building, at a independent directory for architecture

Buildings and structures in Wisconsin
Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
1930s establishments in the United States
The Larkin Building was designed in 1904 by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1906 for the Larkin Soap Company of Buffalo, New York.  The five story dark red brick building used pink tinted mortar and utilized steel frame construction. It was noted for many innovations, including air conditioning, stained glass windows, built-in desk furniture, and suspended toilet bowls. Though this was an office building, it still caught the essence of Frank Lloyd Wright's type of architecture. Sculptor Richard Bock provided ornamentation for the building.

It was located at 680 Seneca Street, the Larkin Building was demolished in 1950.

References

Other websites

The Larkin Building, Buffalo, NY: History of the Demolition by Jerome Puma, 1978
Work of Art: Demolition of Larkin Building was Key Loss for Preservation Advocates
Great Buildings: Larkin Building
Larkin Company: The People, Products and Premiums
Buildings and structures in New York (state)
Buffalo, New York
Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in New York (state)
Encopresis is the voluntary or involuntary passage of feces in a child who has been toilet trained (typically over age 4), which causes the soiling of clothes.

Disorders
Antony Daniel Costa (born 23 June 1981) is a British singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Edgware, London to a Jewish mother and Greek father. He is best known as a member of boy band Blue. In 2006 he released a solo album, Heart Full of Soul.

References

Other websites

1981 births
Living people
English singer-songwriters
English television actors
Singers from London
With Blood Comes Cleansing is an American deathcore band. It formed in February 2005.

Discography
Studio albums
 Golgotha (2006)
 Horror (2008)

References

2005 establishments in the United States
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Albany, Georgia
American heavy metal bands
Deathcore bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups established in 2005
Ableism or ablecentrism is prejudice towards disabled people. The first known use of the word was in 1981, which makes it relatively new. However, the concept of ableism existed before this. 'Disablism' can be used to mean the same thing.
Ableism can be intentional or unintentional. People can be ableist (prejudiced towards disabled people) unintentionally because ableism is so common that people may not notice that it exists. A person who holds such a prejudice is called an ablecentrist. Some people say that ableism is a form of oppression. Not everyone who talks about ableism agrees about what things are ableist. Disabled people can be ableist, to other disabled people or to themselves, which is called internalized ableism. Some people deny that ableism exists.  
 
In some countries, there are laws that are made to protect disabled people from ableist discrimination and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also prohibits such discriminations.
Forms of ableism
Ableism takes many forms around the world. Sometimes ableism is done in a way that is supposed to be hurtful. Other times people are ableist while they are trying to be nice. Both of these types of ableism are harmful.

Society is not built for disabled people. For example, there are lots of shops that are not accessible for people who use wheelchairs because the person who made the shop was able-bodied so they didn't consider that people in wheelchairs wouldn't be able to move around comfortably, or they thought of this but didn't care.
Disabled people are often victims of abuse. The people who abuse them are usually people without disabilities. They may be abused because their disability makes them vulnerable. Sometimes a person is abused just because they are disabled. This is called disability hate crime. A disability hate crime can take the form of murder. A lot of these murders are by care givers such as the mothers of disabled people. A hate crime does not have to be to a person directly. For example, a person might write an ableist slur on a disabled person's car to make them feel bad about being disabled.  Many thousands of disability hate crimes are reported every year around the world. Disability hate crimes are often not reported. This means that the statistics make the problem seem smaller than it is.
A common way that disabled people are abused is 'disability bullying'. People think of bullying as something that just happens to children at school that is not serious. This is not true. Bullying happens to people of all ages. Bullying causes long-term psychological problems such as low self-esteem. Some people kill themselves because they have been bullied. Mencap, a charity that helps people with intellectual disability, asked over 500 disabled children and young people about bullying in a survey. 8 out of 10 children with a learning disability said that they are bullied and are scared to go out because they are scared they will be bullied.

More than 90% of developmentally disabled people are sexually abused in their lifetimes. 49% are sexually abused more than 10 times. The rate of sexual abuse in the general population is lower.
81% of non-disabled people who are at the age that people work have a job. 48% of disabled people who are at the age that people work have a job. 50% of disabled people who don't have a job want to have a job, but can not find a job. Sometimes disabled people are not given jobs even if they are capable of doing the jobs because the people giving the jobs (employers) think that disabled people are not as good as non-disabled people.

The English language has been criticised for being ableist. For example, young people sometimes say that something is 'retarded' when they mean that it is bad. This can be offensive to disabled people.
In World War Two, many thousands of disabled people were murdered by Nazis. The Nazis did this because they believed in non-voluntary euthanasia and forced eugenics, which is a philosophy that advocates reproduction by humans with 'desirable' traits and discourages reproduction by humans with 'undesirable' traits. They thought that disability is bad and disabled people are a burden on society. Many people still believe those things. In 2013 a councillor in Cornwall called Colin Brewer said that disabled children 'should be put down' to save money. He was found guilty of misconduct but the council could not fire him.

Disabled people are sometimes forcibly sterilized. This is often illegal because reproduction is considered a human right. 
According to The Telegraph, people in the UK are trying to change a government law that makes it legal to have an abortion up to 40 weeks in a pregnancy if the fetus is disabled.
In 2011, a book called Scapegoat: Why we are failing disabled people was published. The book was written by Katharine Quarmby. It is about hate crimes towards disabled people in the United Kingdom.

Sports 

Sports are often an area of society in which ableism is evident. In sports media, athletes with disabilities are often portrayed to be inferior. When athletes with disabilities are discussed in the media, there is often an emphasis on rehabilitation and the road to recovery, which is inherently a negative view on the disability. Oscar Pistorius is a South African runner who competed in the 2004, 2008, and 2012 Paralympics and the 2012 Olympic games. Pistorius was the first double amputee athlete to compete in the Olympic games. While media coverage focused on inspiration and competition during his time in the Paralympic games, it shifted to questioning whether his prosthetic legs gave him an advantage while competing in the Olympic games.

References

Discrimination
Disability
Soledad Mexia (August 13, 1899 – August 30, 2013) was a Mexican-American supercentenarian who at the time of her death was the world's fifth-oldest living person and the oldest living resident of California. She was a previous titleholder for the oldest Mexican-born person ever, until being surpassed by Dominga Velasco (1901 - 2015).

Soledad Mexia was born in La Noria, Sinaloa, Mexico, on August 13, 1899. She had seven children, 24 grandchildren, 45 great-grandchildren and two great-great grandchildren, and lived most of her life in San Diego, California, United States.

On August 30, 2013, Mexia died from natural causes, seventeen days after her 114th birthday, at a hospice in Chula Vista, California.

Related pages 
 List of American supercentenarians

References 

1899 births
2013 deaths
American supercentenarians
People from San Diego, California
People from Sinaloa
Murray Gershenz (May 12, 1922 – August 28, 2013) was an American entrepreneur and actor. Gershenz's acting career did not begin until he was 79 years old, when he starred in a 2001 episode of Will & Grace. As an entrepreneur, he operated the Music Man Murray record store.

Gershenz was born in New York City, New York on May 12, 1922. On August 28, 2013, Gershenz died of a heart attack at the age of 91 in Los Angeles.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1922 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
The Nintendo 2DS is a handheld game console made by Nintendo. It is a new version of Nintendo's Nintendo 3DS console that has a flat design like the Game Boy consoles (instead of the flip design (a design where two or more sections fold by a hinge) of the 3DS), and does not play 3DS games in 3D. It was announced on August 27, 2013. It was released on October 12, 2013 in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. It is aimed at children under the age of seven, whom Nintendo had said should not use the 3D mode on the 3DS due to possible health problems that it could cause. It costs less than the 3DS. In North America, it costs $129.99 (£109.99 in the UK), compared to the $169.99 (£134.99 in the UK) price of the 3DS.

References

Other websites

Nintendo 3DS
Nintendo video game consoles
The Xhosa (Xhosa: amaXhosa) are an ethnic group living in South Africa. About 22% of people in South Africa are Xhosa. The Xhosa language, called , is a Bantu language of the Nguni subgroup, like Zulus.
The amaXhosa tribe consists of many different tribes within the culture of amaXhosa; such as amaBhaca and amaMpondo. The tribes are of different chiefs and kings and have no single ruler due to their diverse tribes which also practice cultural customs differently from tribe to tribe. The closer tribes consists of various clan names which have been in existence for centuries. The notable ones are, amaTshawe, amaCirha, amaQwathi, amaGcina, ooRhadebe, ooDlamini, ooJola, amaSukwini, to name a few.

Related pages
 Nguni languages
 Bantu people
 Zulu people

Ethnic groups in South Africa
Giuseppina Bozzacchi (November 23, 1853 – November 23, 1870) was a ballerina. She was born in Milan, Italy and died in Paris, France. She was the first to dance the part of Swanhilda in Coppélia in May 1870. She was a great success. She died a few months later from cholera on her birthday in November 1870.

Ballerinas
1853 births
1870 deaths
Entertainers from Milan
Lance Evers (born April 3, 1969) is a semi-retired Canadian professional wrestler known under the ring name Lance Storm and is best known for his time in known for his work in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Ring of Honor (ROH).

He currently runs a professional wrestling school in Calgary, Alberta called Storm Wrestling Academy.

Career
He joined Extreme Championship Wrestling in 1997. He competed for ECW from 1997 to 2000. During that time, he won the ECW World Tag Team Championship with Chris Candido. They held the belts for 200 days and broke up. They feuded with each other after that and Storm introduced Tammy Lynn Bytch as his manager. The name Tammy Lynn Bytch was a parody of Candido's real life girlfriend Tammy Lynn Sytch.
After their feud was finished, Storm teamed with his trainee Justin Credible and named their tag team the Impact Players. The team won two ECW World Tag Team Championships and feuded with Jerry Lynn and Sabu and Tommy Dreamer and The Sandman. He also worked as a booker in ECW but left for the World Championship Wrestling to support his family when the company began to suffer financial hardships.

He joined World Championship Wrestling in 2000 and won the United States Heavyweight Championship, the Cruiserweight Championship, and the Hardcore Championship in rapid succession. He renamed the titles to the Canadian Heavyweight Championship, 100 kg and Under Championship, and Saskatchewan Hardcore International Title (S.H.I.T.) which also featured large stickers that covered the belts' faceplates.
He was also a member of the wrestling stable Team Canada which also featured Mike Awesome, Jim Duggan, Major Gunns, Carl Oulette, Jacques Rougeau, Elix Skipper and also Bret Hart for one night. The stable feuded with Misfits In Action.

The WCW was purchased World Wrestling Federation in 2001 and portrayed as a serious, humourless heel. He was a member of The Alliance and was also the first WCW wrestler to invade a WWF program on the May 28, 2001 episode of Raw.

During his time in WWF, he won the WWE Intercontinental Championship and formed a tag team with The Hurricane. Storm and Hurricane feuded with the Hardy Boyz over the WWF and WCW Tag Team Titles. Team Alliance lost at the 2001 Survivor Series and Storm was fired (in storyline) along with the rest of the alliance roster by Vince McMahon.
Storm defeated The Rock with help from Test in a match which earned Storm a WWF contract. Storm formed The Un-Americans along with Christian, Test, and later William Regal. The Un-Americans lead angry tirades against the United States and waved an inverted American flag in the ring. Storm and Christian defeated Hulk Hogan and Edge at Vengeance to win the WWE Tag Team Championship.

The stable broke up but Storm continued to tag with Regal with the same type of gimmick. With Regal, Storm won the World Tag Team Championship twice. Regal had health problems and Chief Morley said that they would be stripped of the titles. Morley teamed with Storm and they were named the World Tag Team Champions.

He was involved in a storyline where Stone Cold Steve Austin, who was an authority figure at the time, told the fans to chant "boring" during Storm's matches. Goldust helped improve Storm's charisma and turn Storm into a fan favorite. He reformed his tag team with Morley but they didn't really get a push.
He turned into a heel again and was tired of pleasing the fans and how it was just a waste of his time. He was squashed by Rhyno immediately thereafter which turned Rhyno into a fan favorite once again. This would turn out to be Storm's last appearance on Raw.

In April 2004, he then decided to retire from in-ring action and accepted a position backstage with WWE where he worked as a wrestling trainer in Ohio Valley Wrestling. He resigned from WWE in May 2005 and intended to open his own training school in his hometown of Calgary, the Storm Wrestling Academy. After he left the WWE, Storm competed in the Independent circuit for a while which also included Ring of Honor. He still competes in the independent circuit from time to time.
Championships
Canadian Rocky Mountain Wrestling
CRMW Commonwealth Mid-Heavyweight Championship (five times)
CRMW International/North American Championship (one time)
CRMW North American Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Chris Jericho)
Catch Wrestling Association
CWA Catch Junior Heavyweight Championship (two times)
Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Chris Candido (one) and Justin Credible (two))
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #13 of the top 500 singles wrestlers by the PWI in the PWI 500 in 2001.
Smoky Mountain Wrestling
SMW Beat the Champ Television Championship (one time)
Wrestle Association "R"
WAR International Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Yuji Yasuraoka)
WAR World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Kouki Kitahara and Nobutaka Araya)
World Championship Wrestling
WCW Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
WCW Hardcore Championship (one time)
WCW United States Championship (three times)
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
World Tag Team Championship (four times) (with Christian (one), William Regal (two) and Chief Morley (one))
WWF Intercontinental Championship (one time)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Most Underrated Wrestler (2001)
Personal life
Since retiring, he runs a professional wrestling school in Calgary, Alberta called Storm Wrestling Academy.

He is married to his wife Tina and they have two daughters, Rachel and Rebecca.

References

Other websites
Official website
WWE Alumni profile

1969 births
Living people
Canadian professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
People from Sarnia
Sportspeople from Ontario
Shoemaking is the process of making footwear. Originally, shoes were made by handicraft. Few people buy shoes made by old-fashioned methods anymore, preferring cheaper ones made by industrial mass production. The old methods are still used for buyers who want unusually high quality. Shoemakers may produce a range of footwear items, including shoes, boots, sandals, clogs and moccasins. Such items are generally made of leather, wood, rubber, plastic, jute or other plant material.

A cordwainer is a shoemaker who makes very fine soft leather shoes. A cobbler is someone who repairs shoes.

References

Other websites

Footwear

Industrial occupations
Mental state, a general term, might mean:
Mood
Mental health
Flow (psychology)
Altered state of mind
Consciousness
The Comanche are a Native American tribe from the United States.

Comanche might also mean:

Comanche language, the language of the Comanche people
Comanche, Oklahoma, a city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Comanche County, Kansas, a county in the U.S. state of Kansas
Comanche County, Oklahoma, a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Thomas Billington (December 5, 1958 – December 5, 2018) was a retired British professional wrestler known under the ring name Dynamite Kid and was best known for his time in known for his work in World Wrestling Federation, Stampede Wrestling, All Japan Pro Wrestling and New Japan Pro Wrestling.

He was best known for teaming with his cousin Davey Boy Smith and forming the tag team The British Bulldogs.

Career
He moved to Calgary, Alberta, Canada in 1978 and competed for Stampede Wrestling which also included Bruce Hart, and rookie Bret Hart. He started taking steroids in 1979 when Junkyard Dog, introduced him to Dianabol. Jake Roberts introduced him to speed during his stay in Canada.
After competing in Canada, he travled to Japan and started working for International Pro Wrestling from July 19–25, 1979. Stampede Wrestling switched their business relationship from IPW to New Japan Pro Wrestling shortly after his first tour, and he then wrestled for New Japan from January 4, 1980, to August 2, 1984. During his time in NJPW, he was known for his legendary feud with Tiger Mask. He met Tiger Mask again for the vacant WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship but there was no winner because the match ended up as a draw three consecutive times.

On February 7, 1984, he earned the WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship when he won a tournament in New Japan Pro Wrestling; even though it was a WWF Title, it was mostly defended in Japan. He defeated his cousin Davey Boy Smith earlier in the tournament, and then defeated The Cobra in the finals.
He debuted in the WWF on August 29, 1984 and teamed with Bret Hart where they defeated Iron Mike Sharpe and Troy Alexander in a match that was eventually shown on September 15, 1984, on the Maple Leaf Garden broadcast.

He ended up teaming with Davey Boy Smith and formed the British Bulldogs, while Bret would team with Jim Neidhart and formed The Hart Foundation. The two teams had matches against each other which usually ended in No-Contests. The British Bulldogs, accompanied by Captain Lou Albano and Ozzy Osbourne, defeated Greg Valentine and Brutus Beefcake at WrestleMania II.