Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
William Kenzo Nakamura (January 21, 1922-July 4, 1944)  was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life 
Nakamura was born in Seattle to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a Nisei, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

His family was interned in Minidoka in Idaho during World War II.

Soldier
Nakamura joined the US Army in July 1943.

Nakamura volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.
For his actions in July 1944, Nakamura  was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Nakamura's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Nakamura's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in central Italy in 1944.  He silenced a machine gun nest and he stayed behind to provide covering fire as his unit withdrew.
Private First Class William K. Nakamura distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 4 July 1944, near Castellina, Italy. During a fierce firefight, Private First Class Nakamura's platoon became pinned down by enemy machine gun fire from a concealed position. On his own initiative, Private First Class Nakamura crawled 20 yards toward the hostile nest with fire from the enemy machine gun barely missing him. Reaching a point 15 yards from the position, he quickly raised himself to a kneeling position and threw four hand grenades, killing or wounding at least three of the enemy soldiers. The enemy weapon silenced, Private First Class Nakamura crawled back to his platoon, which was able to continue its advance as a result of his courageous action. Later, his company was ordered to withdraw from the crest of a hill so that a mortar barrage could be placed on the ridge. On his own initiative, Private First Class Nakamura remained in position to cover his comrades' withdrawal
. While moving toward the safety of a wooded draw, his platoon became pinned down by deadly machine gun fire. Crawling to a point from which he could fire on the enemy position, Private First Class Nakamura quickly and accurately fired his weapon to pin down the enemy machine gunners. His platoon was then able to withdraw to safety without further casualties. Private First Class Nakamura was killed during this heroic stand. Private First Class Nakamura's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
Nakesake
Nakamura is the namesake of the William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse in Seattle.

Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
 Posthumous recognition

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov  

1922 births
1944 deaths
People from Seattle
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II
Military people from Washington (state)
Rotuma is a volcanic island about  south of Fiji. It covers an area of about . It has been a part of Fiji since 1881. While the Fijian Islands are Melanesian, Rotuma is isolated far to the north. Its people and culture are more closely related to Polynesia.

References

Islands of Fiji
Provinces of Fiji
Virmajärvi is a small lake in eastern Finland's Ilomantsi region and Russia. An island on lake is the most eastern tectonic part of Finland and the European Union. The nearest village is Hattuvaara.

Lakes of Finland
is a variety of Japanese citrus. Its name comes from its "golden" or bright yellow color. The color is inherited from its mother tree, a variety called Ōgonkan or "Golden Orange," which is also bright yellow but smaller. It was hybridized with a variety of Satsuma mandarin orange to obtain an improved variety which was larger (about 77 grams or 2. 7 ounces on average) and easier to peel. The variety was developed at the agricultural experiment station run by Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan.

References

Other websites 
 http://www.agri-kanagawa.jp/nosoken/bulletin/nosoken/145/145-6.pdf

Citrus
Luirojärvi is a lake in Finland's Lapland. Luirojoki (a river) flows first to Lokan tekojärvi (reservoir) and continues from that to Kemijoki. At the east side of lake is Sokosti mountain, which is over 700 meters high. Luirojärvi belongs to Urho Kekkonen National Park.

Other websites 

Lakes of Finland
Lapland
Lake Ruovesi is a lake in Finland. It covers . It collects water from Keuruun reitti, Pihlajaveden reitti and Ähtärin reitti. Lake Ruovesi flows to Palovesi.

Lakes of Finland
Lake Lappajärvi is a lake in Finland. It is in an impact crater. The biggest island is Kärnänsaari. The lake covers an area of . The deepest point is .

Lakes of Finland
Adrian D. Smith (born August 19, 1944) is an American architect. He has designed skyscrapers including the Burj Khalifa, the Jin Mao Tower, the AT&T Corporate Center, and the Trump International Hotel and Tower, Chicago. He is now building the world's tallest building that is planned to be taller than the Burj Khalifa, the Jeddah Tower.

Smith was born on August 19, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Smith studied at the University of Illinois at Chicago and at the Texas A&M University.

References

Other websites

 Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture - official website
 Burj Dubai website
 Chicago Tribune Article 'Sweet new start for architect Adrian Smith' Feb 24, 2008 

1944 births
Living people
Architects from Chicago
Luc Paul Maurice Besson (born 18 March 1955) is a French movie director, screenwriter, and producer who is known for his movies such as Léon: The Professional, The Fifth Element, Taken, The Lady, and the entire Arthur and the Invisibles trilogy. He has won an BAFTA Award. 

Besson was born on 18 March 1955 in Paris, France. He was married to Anne Parillaud until they divorced. Then he was married to Maïwenn Le Besco from 1992 until they divorced in 1997. Then he was married to Milla Jovovich from 1997 until they divorced in 1999. He has been married to Virginie Silla since 2004. He has five children.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Luc Besson Official Homepage at Luc-Besson.com
 Luc Besson Interview, Angel-A 
 JewReview.net video interview with Luc Besson and Rie Rasmussen about Angel-A 
 In-depth interview with Luc Besson

1955 births
Living people
BAFTA Award winning directors
French screenwriters
Movie directors from Paris
Movie producers from Paris
Writers from Paris
Blushing is involuntary reddening of the human face. This happens if a person feels embarrassed, uncomfortable in certain situations, or lovestruck. The affected area feels very hot when blushing takes place.

Face
Patricia Wettig (born December 4, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an television performer and playwright. She starred in the series Thirtysomething. She was also in a few movies.

References

American television actors
Actors from Ohio
1951 births
Living people
San Bernardino County is a very large county in southeastern California. As of 2020, 2,181,654 people lived there. Places within the county include the city of San Bernardino, California. It is the largest county of California, and in area it is larger than the state of Maryland.

References

 
1853 establishments in California
The Heroes of Olympus is a series of five adventure and fantasy novels written by Rick Riordan, an American author. It follows the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series and is followed by The Trials of Apollo series and the Daughter of the Deep. The stories are based around Greek and Roman mythology, it describes the efforts of seven demigod heroes to prevent the earth goddess Gaea from waking up with their ship called Argo ll. The first book in the series was released on October 12, 2012 and the last one was released on October 7, 2014.

The series begins with The Lost Hero, and ends with The Blood of Olympus. Some characters from the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series return, including Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Clarisse, Chiron, Camp Half-Blood campers, and several others. There are also some new characters. Some are Leo Valdez, son of Hephaestus, Jason Grace, son of Jupiter (Zeus as a Roman) and Piper McLean daughter of Aphrodite and movie star Tristan McLean who is kidnapped in The Lost Hero.
Riordan based some of his series on The Golden Fleece and The Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles by Padraic Colum.

Books in the series 
 The Lost Hero
 The Son of Neptune
 The Mark of Athena
 The House of Hades
 The Blood of Olympus

In addition to these books, Rick Riordan has also written a supplementary book named The Demigod Diaries which was released on August 14, 2012.
Main Characters 
Percy Jackson: A seventeen-year-old Greek demigod and a son of Poseidon.
Annabeth Chase: A seventeen-year-old Greek demigod and a daughter of Athena.
Piper McLean: A fifteen-year-old Greek demigod and a daughter of Aphrodite. She has the power to charmspeak, which means she can talk people into doing things but it does not always work.
Leo Valdez: A fifteen-year-old Greek demigod and a son of Hephaestus. He has the power to manipulate and produce fire.
Jason Grace: A sixteen-year-old Roman demigod and a son of Jupiter. It is revealed in The Lost Hero that he is the brother of Thalia Grace, a Greek demigod.
Frank Zhang: A-sixteen-year-old Roman demigod and a son of Mars. He is also related to Poseidon on his mother's side. He has the ability to change his form.
Hazel Levesque: A thirteen-year-old Roman demigod and a daughter of Pluto. She has the ability to manipulate precious metals and stones.
References 

Series of books
2010s books

American children's books
its amazing
Saint John of the Cross (original name of Juan de Yepes y Álvarez)(1542-1591) was a Spanish Catholic mystic. He belonged to the Carmelite order. He is one of the Doctors of the Church. And He is a patron saint of mystics and contemplatives and of Spanish poets.

Other websites
 Link to St John quotes

1542 births
1591 deaths
Christian mystics
Spanish Roman Catholics
The Exmoor pony is a breed of horse. It is native to the British Isles.

Features
The fur is brown, from beige and brown to dark brown and black. The Exmoor pony eats grass and hay. It can be up to  tall and weigh . The breeding time is 336 days. They can become 25 years old.

References

Horse breeds
The Cairo spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is a species of mouse that lives in Africa, the Middle East and Europe.

It eats seeds, fruits and invertebrate animals. The mouse grows to  long and weighs up to . It lives for about four years. The gestation period is about 38 days. The speed of the spiny mouse is up to .

References

Rodents
Mammals of Africa
Harz red mountain cattle is a breed of cattle. They come from Harz, in Germany. They can live up to 20 years old. They have fair colored cornets, are beefier built, and have plain fur.

The females are up to  and the males . They are between  high. At birth, they weigh from .
Their main food is grass. They produce milk and are used for meat.

History
The Harz red mountain cattle is from the oldest race of cows. They were bred in the middle of the 19th century. Today, it is an endangered species.

References

Cattle breeds
Consequentialism is a theory in the field of ethics. It says that the moral value of an action can be judged by looking at the consequences it has. One of the big consequentialist theories is called utilitarianism.

References

Ethics
Philosophical movements and positions
The word "play" has more than one meaning. It could mean:

Play (theatre), an acting performance done at a theatre
Play (activity), what children and the young of other mammals do to have fun
Play is a word used in psychology and ethology to describe voluntary activities associated with recreational pleasure and enjoyment, and with early learning in mammals. Although everyone understands what the word means, it is extremely difficult to define. Play is usually connected with children and their juvenile-level activities, but it can also be a useful adult activity, and occurs among other higher-functioning animals as well.

Many of the most prominent researchers in the field of psychology (including William James, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky) have viewed play as endemic to the human species. Play may be frivolous; but it may be serious. A player can be intently focused on his or her objective (in the zone), particularly when play is structured and goal-oriented, as in a game. Accordingly, play can range from relaxed, free-spirited and spontaneous through frivolous to planned or even compulsive.
Function of play 
There have been two major reviews of research into animal play, and both have said it is extremely difficult to define. Play is almost universal in very young mammals, and also in some groups of birds such as parrots and ravens. Therefore, it must have a function, but what is that function? It is definitely not immediate survival. In fact, the young animals of many species may risk their lives playing.preface Yet, since it survives in so many species, it must have survival value. That, as Fagan says, is a paradox.
"The problem of defining play is one of the greatest challenges facing neurology, behavioral biology, psychology, education and the social sciences generally". Burghardt.preface

The main idea is that play is basically useful, and so it can be explained by the normal process of evolution by natural selection. This was proposed by Karl Groos over a century ago, and it is still the majority explanation.
Identifying play 
Researchers know the difficulty of deciding when a behaviour is play, and when it is not. Konrad Lorenz developed a criterion. To be called "play", the behaviour should be really distinct from the response in the normal situation. Thus, play-fighting of young pups is quite different from serious dog-fights, not just a lesser degree of the same thing.
"The main difference is... the maintenance of all social inhibitions in play, even in the most boisterous and passionate types of play. Above all, the inhibition against genuine biting is maintained, whereas in serious fights, even in the slightest disputes, this inhibition is at once lifted".
Children's play 
Play can take the form of improvisation or pretend, performance, mimicry, games, sports. Play can be structured, with goals and rules; when this is the case, the play is a "game". Other play is unstructured, without rules. The gurus of children's games were Iona and Peter Opie, who collected them in England in the post-World War II period.

Often sports with specific rules will take place within designated play spaces, such as sports fields. Other play spaces may be playgrounds with equipment and structures to promote active and social play. Some play spaces may be indoors, as with museums, or family entertainment centres.
The National Institute for Play describes seven play types:
 Attunement play, which makes a connection, such as between newborn and mother.
 Body play, in which an infant explores the ways in which his or her body works and interacts with the world. Examples: making funny sounds or discovering what happens in a fall.
 Object play, such as playing with toys, banging pots and pans, handling physical things in ways that use curiosity.
 Social play, play which involves others in activities. Examples: tumbling, making faces, and making connections with other children.
 Imaginative play (also called "pretend" or "fantasy"). The child invents scenarios from their imagination. They act in their dream world, for example, as a kind of princess or pirate play.
 Storytelling play (or narrative), the play of learning and language that develops intellect. They may play a parent reading aloud to a child, or a child retelling the story in his or her own words.
Creative play. This means play with imagination to create a higher mental state. For example, an adult might experiment to find a new way to use a musical instrument; or, as Einstein was known to do, a person might wonder about things which are not yet known and play with unproven ideas as a bridge to discover new knowledge.
Piaget had a general framework for play:
 games of mastery: e.g. building, copying, designing
 games with rules: e.g. marbles, war games, hide-and-seek games
 games of make-believe and fantasy

Separate from self-initiated play, play therapy is used as a clinical application of play aimed at treating children who suffer from trauma, emotional issues and other problems.

References 

Human behavior
Ethology
North Karachi () is a suburb of Karachi, in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.

Districts of Karachi
Dravida Nadu () was the name of a proposed sovereign state for the speakers of the Dravidian languages in South Asia. It was also known as Dravidistan or Dravidadesa.

History of Tamil Nadu
Nationalism
Separatist movements of India
An electric bicycle or e-bike is a bicycle that uses electricity as its power. These bikes do not pollute the air. Usually a biker can control how much the motor helps. For example, it can be 50% of the force needed. In some cases it is possible to convert a traditional bike to electric using a conversion kit.  In the United Kingdom a new one costs between £599 and £2,500.  The cost of charging a battery is very small compared with the cost of petrol for a car.  Some governments will help with the cost of buying one.

According to the World Bicycle Industry Association, in 2022 10% of bicycle sales in the world were e-bikes.

In the United States the federal government has set a limit of 750 Watts and a top electric-powered speed of 20MPH to have only the rules that apply to bicycles and no extra restrictions such as operator license, vehicle license, registration or insurance requirements.
History 
Electric bicycles have been around for over a century, but have become more popular in recent years due to advancements in technology and increased interest in sustainable transportation. First models of electric bicycles appeared in late 19th century. US Patent office registered several e-bike patents since 1895 to 1899 (Ogden Bolton patented battery-powered bicycle in 1895, Hosea W. Libbey patented bicycle with double electric motor in 1897 and John Schnepf patented electric motor with roller wheel).

References

Electric vehicles
Cycling
Kokemäki is a town in south-west Finland. The city has a population of 7,653 (30 June 2015) and an area of 531,27 km². Through Kokemäki flows the Kokemäenjoki river which is 121 km long.

Other websites

Kokemäki website

Cities in Finland
Municipalities of Satakunta
Laihia is a municipality in Finland. About 8,000 people lived there as of 31 August 2013. It covers 508.38 km². Near Laihia is municipalities: Ilmajoki, Isokyrö, Kurikka, Maalahti, Mustasaari and Vähäkyrö.

Other websites

 website

Municipalities of Ostrobothnia
In special relativity, the spacetime metric, also called the Minkowski metric', is the metric tensor that describes the line element in Minkowski spacetime.

The metric
The metric can be described by the following line element:

In units where the speed of light, , is one, then the metric in matrix form is

Relativity
Rautalampi is a municipality in Finland. The city has 3,451 people (as of 31 August 2012). It covers 761,97 km². Near Laihia are the municipalities Hankasalmi, Konnevesi, Pieksämäki, Suonenjoki, Tervo and Vesanto.

History
History starts from 1561 when Sweden's king Gustav I of Sweden gave order to establish so called "hallintopitäjä" Rautalampi, (Rautalammen hallintopitäjä).

Other websites

 website

Municipalities of North Savo
1560s establishments in Europe
16th-century establishments in Finland
1561 establishments
Disestablishments in Europe
Vaasa () is a city in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The city has a population of 60 622 (31.8.2012) and the area 191,68 km². Vaasa is different compared to the nearest municipalities because so many people there speak Finnish. From Helsinki, it is 419 km to Vaasa.

Neighbouring municipalities are Isokyrö, Laihia, Malax, Korsholm and Vöyri.

Gallery

Other websites
Website

Cities in Finland
Municipalities of Ostrobothnia
The Kamakura shogunate (Japanese: 鎌倉幕, Kamakura bakufu) was a feudal Japanese feudal military government.  The heads of government were the shoguns. The first three were members of the Minamoto clan.  The next two were members of the Fujiwara clan. The last six were minor Imperial princes.

These years are known as the Kamakura period. The period takes its name from the city where the Minamoto shoguns lived.

After 1203, the Hōjō clan held the office of Shikken.  In effect, the shikken governed in the name of the shoguns.

History
In 1192, Minamoto no Yoritomo and the Minamoto clan established a military government in  Kamakura.  The shogunate functioned within the framework of the Heian system of Imperial rule.
The Mongols under Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan.  On 19 November 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month), Kublai Khan's army landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū. The invaders retreated to Korea.  This was called Bun'ei War (Bunei no eki).  There was a second invasion attempt by Mongol forces in 1281 (Kōan 4).  This was called the Kōan War (Kōan no eki).
The shogunate prepared to defend against a third invasion, but it did not come. The costs of defense a weakened the shogunate.

In the  in 1333 (Genkō 3), forces led by Nitta Yoshisada destroyed the Kamakura shogunate

List of Kamakura shoguns

 Minamoto no Yoritomo, r. 1192-1199
 Minamoto no Yoriie, r. 1202-1203
 Minamoto no Sanetomo, r. 1203-1219
 Kujō Yoritsune, r. 1226-1244
 Kujō Yoritsugu, r. 1244-1252
 Prince Munetaka, r. 1252-1266
 Prince Koreyasu, r. 1266-1289
 Prince Hisaakira, r. 1289-1308
 Prince Morikuni, r. 1308-1333
 Prince Morinaga, r.1333-1334
 Prince Norinaga, r. 1334-1338

List of Kamakura shikken
Hōjō Tokimasa, r. 1203-1205
 Hōjō Yoshitoki, r. 1205-1224
 Hōjō Yasutoki, r. 1224-1242
 Hōjō Tsunetoki, r. 1242-1246
 Hōjō Tokiyori, r. 1246-1256
 Hōjō Tokimune, r. 1268-1284
 Hōjō Sadatoki, r. 1284-1301
 Hōjō Morotoki, r. 1301-1311
 Hōjō Takatoki, r. 1316-1326

Related pages
 Mongol invasions of Japan
 Ashikaga shogunate
 Tokugawa shogunate

References

Other websites 

Periods in Japanese history
Samurai
1192 establishments
1190s establishments in Japan
1330s disestablishments in Japan
1333 disestablishments
Shooter

The shooter was Adam Lanza. He shot and killed his mother. He then went to Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed twenty children and six staff members as well as injuring two others. He committed suicide before he could be arrested by the Connecticut State Police.

Known victims

Fatalities
Fatalities 

 Nancy Lanza, 52, (his mother; shot four times in the head)
 Rachel D'Avino, 29, (teacher's aide)
 Dawn Hochsprung, 47, (principal)
 Anne Marie Murphy, 52, (teacher's aide)
 Lauren Rousseau, 30, (teacher)
 Mary Sherlach, 56, (school psychologist)
 Victoria Leigh Soto, 27, (teacher)
 Charlotte Bacon, 6 (student)
 Daniel Barden, 7 (student)
 Olivia Engel, 6 (student)
 Josephine Gay, 7 (student)
 Dylan Hockley, 6 (student)
 Madeleine Hsu, 6 (student)
 Catherine Hubbard, 6 (student)
 Chase Kowalski, 7 (student)
 Jesse Lewis, 6 (student)
 Ana Márquez-Greene, 6 (student)
 James Mattioli, 6 (student)
 Grace McDonnell, 7 (student)
 Emilie Parker, 6 (student)
 Jack Pinto, 6 (student)
 Noah Pozner, 6 (student)
 Caroline Previdi, 6 (student)
 Jessica Rekos, 6 (student)
 Avielle Richman, 6 (student)
 Benjamin Wheeler, 6 (student)
 Allison Wyatt, 6 (student)

Wounded 

 Natalie Hammond, 40, (lead teacher)
 Deborah Pisan

References
References

2012 crimes in the United States
2010s in Connecticut
2010s mass shootings in the United States
2010s murders in the United States
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2012
Attacks on schools in the United States

December events
Mass murder in 2012
Massacres in the United States
Murder-suicides in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
Suicide in the 2010s
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Elementary school shootings in the United States
Sysmä is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. It covers about . As of 31 August 2012, 4,232 people lived there. Its population triples during summer. This has made lot of summer happenings.

Neighbouring municipalities are Asikkala, Hartola, Heinola, Kuhmoinen, Luhanka and Padasjoki.

Villages
Joutsjärvi, Karilanmaa, Kinnarila (Skinnarila), Koivisto, Käenmäki (Tikkala), Liikola, Nikkaroinen, Nuoramoinen, Onkiniemi, Otamo, Palvala, Rapala, Ravioskorpi, Saarenkylä, Soiniemi, Suurkylä, Särkilahti, Taipale, Toivola, Valittula, Vintturi, Virtaa, Voipala (Suopelto).

Population growth

References

Other websites

 Official Sysmä website

Municipalities of Päijät-Häme
Lee Archer was an American pilot for the United States Air Force. He flew from 1941 during World War II until the year of 1970. He rose until the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

Life 
Archer was born in Yonkers, New York, on September 6, 1919.

He studied at the New York University. After his study he joined the army having the hope to become a pilot. In that era he had to discover that it was not possible for him as an African-American, due to the Jim Crow laws. As a result, he was sent of to Georgia for a communication job. After the army changed its policy, he was accepted to the trainings program for African-American on Tuskegee Army Airfield in Alabama.
During World War II Archer flew on 169 combat missions for the 302nd Fighter Squadron above Europe, and brought down several hostile planes. During a mission in August 1944 he destroyed six German planes on the ground. On October 12, 1944, he 'landed' in a series of air combats above Hungary, which was occupied territory then by Nazi Germany. Flying a P-51 Mustang he brought down three German fighters.

When he came back in 1945 he discovered that nothing had changed in the American society. When he stepped out of his plane, the first sign he saw demanded ′Colored Troops to the Right, White Troops to the Left′. Archer stayed in the army until 1970. At that moment he was a Lieutenant Colonel.

He continued his career in civil society at General Foods in White Plains, New York, where he was one of the first African-American vice presidents of an American corporation. In 1987 he founded his own company in venture capital, called Archer Asset Management.
Archer died on January 27, 2010, in New York City. Television personality Bill Cosby held a speech for him at his funeral ceremony on February 4.

Honor 
Archer was named Honorary Honoree of the American Fighter Aces Association. He received several military awards, like the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and a Presidential Unit Citation.

Furthermore, he was mentioned as an exemplary air force fighter at the presentation of the Freedom Medal as well as in the category of Freedom from fear of the Four Freedoms Awards. Furthermore, he and his fellow Tuskegee pilots were honored with a Congressional Gold Medal in 2007.

Businesspeople from New York (state)
People from Yonkers, New York
Military people from New York (state)
1919 births
2010 deaths
Lee Archer may refer to:

John Lee Archer (1791-1852), Irish architect and engineer
Lee Archer (pilot) (1919-2010), American Air Force fighter during World War II and businessman
Lee Archer (footballer) (born 1972), English footballer
Events 
 The 5,452 meter (17,887 feet) high volcano Popocatépetl is first ascended by members of the Tecuanipas tribe in present-day Mexico.
 April 27 – Fall of Tripoli: Mamluk sultan Qalawun captures the County of Tripoli (in present-day Lebanon) after a month-long siege, thus extinguishing the crusader state.
 Prince Subaru of Japan conquers the province of Saitama.
 June 11 – The Italian Guelph and Ghibelline factions fight in the Battle of Campaldino; the Guelph victory secures their position of power in Florence.
 Construction of Conwy Castle was ordered by King Edward I of England. It was completed in Wales.
 Jews are expelled from Gascony and Anjou in France.
 Construction of the Belaya Vezha tower in Belarus is completed.
 Pope Nicholas IV creates the University of Montpellier in France by papal bull. This combined various existing schools into a single university.
In Siena, 23 partners re-create the Gran Tavola bank. It was formerly the most successful European bank. It ceased operations after the death of its creator and manager Orlando Bonsignori in 1273.
 Franciscan friars begin missionary work in China.
Births 
 October 4 – King Louis X of France (d. 1316)
 October 6 – King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (d. 1306)
 King Leo IV of Armenia (d. 1307)

Deaths 
 :Category:1289 deaths
 January 16 – Buqa, Mongol minister
 March 12 – King Demetre II of Georgia (b. 1259)
 King Leo III of Armenia
 Petrus de Dacia, Swedish monk and writer
 Ugolino della Gherardesca
 Ippen, Japanese monk (b. 1239)
 Gruffydd Fychan I, last ruling prince of Powys Fadog

References
Brenda Ann Spencer (born in San Diego, California on April 3, 1962) is a convicted American murderer who performed a deadly shooting spree, during which she killed two people at the Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego on January 29, 1979. Another nine got hurt during that incident. Spencer showed no remorse in her crime; her full explanation of her actions was "I don't like Mondays; this livens up the day." Those comments were the inspiration to the song I Don't Like Mondays by The Boomtown Rats, which reached #1 in the United Kingdom in mid 1979.

References

1962 births
Living people
American murderers
American prisoners
Criminals from California
People from San Diego, California
Mango Airlines SOC Ltd, known as Mango, is a South African low-cost airline, founded in 2006 as a subsidiary of South African Airways, that operates domestic scheduled budget services. Mango's main base is OR Tambo International Airport near Johannesburg.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 Mango at ATDB: profile, history and events, contacts and management, historical/current/planned aircraft in fleets

2006 establishments in Africa
Low-cost airlines
Airlines of South Africa
2000s establishments in South Africa
Oakville is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario.

The population of Oakville was 182,520 in 2011. The mayor of Oakville is Rob Burton.

Dundas Street was surveyed for a military road in 1793 and was bought by the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1805. British immigrants settled the area surrounding Dundas Street as well as on the shore of Lake Ontario in 1807. The Crown bought the area surrounding the waterways in 1820 and the area around the creeks, gave up to the Crown by the Mississaugas, was auctioned off to William Chisholm in 1827.

The towns of Bronte, Palermo, Sheridan, and the remainder of Trafalgar Township merged with Oakville in 1962.

The new Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital at 3001 Hospital Gate is open (as of December 13, 2015).

References

Other websites
Official website
The 1976 United States presidential election happened on November 2, 1976. Jimmy Carter, the Democratic candidate and former Governor of Georgia, won the election. He defeated the incumbent president, Gerald Ford, who was a Republican. 

Jimmy Carter won the election by 297 electoral votes, compared to incumbent president Gerald Ford, who received 240 electoral votes. A faithless elector from Washington voted for Ronald Reagan, who would win the 1980 election.

This election followed the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974 due to the Watergate scandal. It is the last election to have a Democratic candidate to receive a preferable vote in the American South, which is typically known to be Republican; however, Florida is considered a swing state.

This is the last election where one of the two major candidates is still alive. Jimmy Carter is currently 98 years old, and has been the oldest living former president since George H.W. Bush's death in 2018.

Candidates
Candidates

Democratic Party
Democratic candidates
Jimmy Carter, former governor of Georgia
Jerry Brown, governor of California
George Wallace, governor of Alabama
Morris Udall, U.S. representative from Arizona
Henry M. Jackson, U.S. senator from Washington
Frank Church, U.S. senator from Idaho
Robert Byrd, U.S. senator from West Virginia
Sargent Shriver, former U.S. ambassador to France, from Maryland
Fred R. Harris, former U.S. senator from Oklahoma
Birch Bayh, U.S. senator from Indiana
Lloyd Bentsen, U.S. senator from Texas
Terry Sanford, former governor of North Carolina
Milton Shapp, governor of Pennsylvania
Walter Fauntroy, U.S. representative from Washington, D.C.
Ellen McCormack, housewife

Candidates gallery

Republican Party
Republican candidates
Gerald Ford, President of the United States from Michigan
Ronald Reagan, former governor of California

Candidates gallery

References

presidential election
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
1976
The Green Party of Canada is a federal political party based in Canada. The party holds 2 of 338 seats in the Canadian Parliament.

The party has had both leftist and centrist factions throughout their history. It is currently seen as centrist.

The interim leader of the party is Amita Kuttner. She was voted as leader in November 2021, replacing Annamie Paul.

History
History 

On 2 May 2011, Elizabeth May was voted in the 2011 Canadian federal election. This made her the first member of the Green Party in history to sit in the House of Commons. On 6 May 2019, Paul Manly was voted in a by-election in the riding of Nanaimo—Ladysmith. He became the second member of the Green Party in history to sit in the House of Commons. In the 2019 Canadian federal election, Jenica Atwin was voted in. She became their first member outside of British Columbia to sit in the House of Commons. On 10 June 2021, Atwin crossed the floor, leaving the Greens to join the Liberals due to internal party disagreements over the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

References

Other websites

Green political parties
Political parties based in Ottawa
1983 establishments in Canada
Andrea Pia Yates (née Andrea Kennedy, July 2, 1964) is a former Houston resident who took the lives of her five children by drowning them in her home's bathtub on Wednesday, June 20, 2001. She was born in Hallsville, Texas. She had been suffering from severe postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. She was convicted of murder in 2002 and given life in prison; however, that was later overturned on appeal. In July 2006, a Texas jury declared her not guilty by reason of insanity; Yates was then sent to the North Texas State Hospital near Vernon, Texas.

References

People acquitted of murder
People from Texas

1964 births
Living people
The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle, named after earth goddess Gaia, proposes that living organisms interact with their nonliving inorganic surroundings on Earth to self-regulate the Earth's environment, a complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet.  The hypothesis was developed in the 1970's by James Lovelock with Lynn Margulis.

Ecology
Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Bangladesh. The first edition of the tournament started on 10 February 2012 with six franchises consisting of players from around the world.

Dhaka Gladiators were the first champions of the BPL. The Bangladesh Premier League was shown on television internationally through ESPN Star Sports who made agreements to broadcast matches every day. The official channel for the BPL was Channel 9.

Cricket leagues
Cricket in Bangladesh
2012 establishments in Asia
21st-century establishments in Bangladesh
Justin Portal Welby (born 6 January 1956) is the 105th and present Archbishop of Canterbury - the most senior bishop in the Church of England. He replaced Rowan Williams as archbishop in February 2013.

Welby was born at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in London.His early career was in the oil industry but in 1989, he studied for ordination in Durham, England. After several parochial appointments he became the Dean of Liverpool and was appointed as the Bishop of Durham in 2011.

Welby's theology is reported as representing the evangelical tradition within Anglicanism and he has written about the relationship between finance and religion. On 9 November 2012, it was officially announced that Welby would replace Rowan Williams.

There has been revelations as a result of a released DNA test, showing that, he is in fact the son of Winston Churchill's last private secretary. 

In 2018, he talked about how Brexit would be bad for the United Kingdom and how worried he is of its effects.

References
References

Other websites 
Official web site

1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Archbishops of Canterbury
Members of the House of Lords
People educated at Eton College
People from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Plan 9 may refer to:

Plan 9 from Outer Space – a 1959 science fiction film created by Ed Wood.
Plan 9 from Bell Labs – a distributed operating system created by Bell Labs.
Sattar Bahlulzade (; ,  – 14 October 1974) was an Azerbaijani painter. He was born in the village of Amirjan, just outside the Azerbaijani capital Baku.

Sattar Bahlulzade is the founder of modern Azerbaijani landscape painting. He began his professional education at the National Art Institute in Baku (1927–1931). In 1933, he went to Moscow to continue his education in the Drawing Department at the Moscow Fine Arts Institute. There he studied in the studio of the Russian painter V. A. Favorsky. During the summer workshops in Crimea, Russian painter G. Shegal saw some of Sattar's sketches and suggested that he study at the institute's Painting Department, which he did.
Though he experimented in many styles of art, his unique talent was landscape painting. At first, he used to paint nature realistically as he had been taught. But soon he developed his own style. In fact, some of his paintings look like photos of the Earth taken from space. Using a combination of pastel colors and bold strokes, he made nature look more colorful and lively, and sometimes even more fantastic, than it did in reality.

Many of his works show different places of Azerbaijan. For example, "Bazarduzu Outskirts" is about Bazarduzu, the highest mountain in Azerbaijan. Other examples are "Old Shamakhi" and "Autumn in Nakhchivan."

Bahlulzade won many prizes for his art. He won the title of Honored Art Worker of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1960 and was named People's Artist in 1963.
In 1973, Sattar became extremely ill due to blood poisoning and he died in 1974 in Moscow. When Sattar died, he was not buried in the Avenue of the Honored Ones, unlike other famous Azerbaijani people. Instead, according to his will, he was buried in his native village of Amirjan, next to his mother's grave.

Sattar's legacy includes many works that have been shown all over the world, including personal exhibitions in the USA, England, Turkey and Russia.

Most of his works are shown in museums all over Azerbaijan, particularly in the cities like Baku, Ganja and Nakhchivan.

Some of his most famous works are:
 Gudialchay Valley (1953)
 Evening above Caspian Sea (1959)
 Spring of my Native Land (1967)

Gallery

Other websites
 Sattar Bahlulzade, The Vibrant Pulse of Nature Azerbaijan International Magazine
 View Bahlulzade paintings at AZgallery.org.
 Sattar Bahlulzadeh
 Bahlulzadeh in headlines 

1909 births
1974 deaths
Azerbaijani people
Painters from Asia
The 1956 United States presidential election happened on November 6, 1956. President Dwight D. Eisenhower won reelection to a second term. He defeated former Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson in a rematch of the 1952 presidential election.  

Incumbent president Dwight D. Eisenhower won the election by 457 electoral votes. Adlai Stevenson got 73 electoral votes. Walter Burgwyn Jones got one vote by a faithless elector in Alabama.

This was the last election in which Alaska and Hawaii were not states. 

Eisenhower suffered a heart attack in September 1955 while in Colorado for a vacation. His doctors told him not to run for another election. However, Eisenhower announced his candidacy for re-election on television in early 1956.

References

Other websites 

Presidential election
United States presidential elections
Joe M. Nishimoto (February 21, 1919-November 15, 1944) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life 
Nishimoto was born in California to Japanese immigrant parents. He was a Nisei, which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

He was interned at the Jerome War Relocation Center in Arkansas,

Soldier
Nishimoto joined the US Army in October 1943.

Nishimoto volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.
For his actions in November 1944, Nishimoto  was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Nishimoto's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Nishimoto's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in France in 1944. Without help from others, he destroyed three machine gun positions.
Private First Class Joe M. Nishimoto distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 7 November 1944, near La Houssiere, France. After three days of unsuccessful attempts by his company to dislodge the enemy from a strongly defended ridge, Private First Class Nishimoto, as acting squad leader, boldly crawled forward through a heavily mined and booby-trapped area. Spotting a machine gun nest, he hurled a grenade and destroyed the emplacement. Then, circling to the rear of another machine gun position, he fired his submachine gun at point-blank range, killing one gunner and wounding another. Pursuing two enemy riflemen, Private First Class Nishimoto killed one, while the other hastily retreated. Continuing his determined assault, he drove another machine gun crew from its position. The enemy, with their key strong points taken, were forced to withdraw from this sector
. Private First Class Nishimoto's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
 Posthumous recognition

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov  
 

1920 births
1944 deaths
Military people from California
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II
Julia Beatriz Vial Cuevas (born June 24, 1977 in Santiago) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter.

Career 
Julia Vial began her career as a commentator in 2001 on television screens Chilevisión.

In mid-2001 he emigrated to Canal 13, to be part of the television program Pantalla Abierta.

She was on Canal 13 until the end of 2004, in 2006 emigrated to TV channel La Red, to be the host of Intrusos with journalist Gaspar Domínguez (until 2007).

In December 2012, announced in its program output screen Intrusos to migrate the morning of La Red Mañaneros.

Since January 2013, will take over as host of Mañaneros.

Personal life 
Julia Vial is married to Leopoldo Muñoz, who has a daughter who was born with Down's Syndrome named Julia "Julita" Muñoz Vial.

Filmography

References 

1977 births
Chilean television presenters
Chilean journalists
Living people
Writers from Santiago
Wikidata is a wiki that is a database, a collection of data on the internet. The information stored on Wikidata can be used by other websites including Wikipedia. Wikidata is designed so that humans and machines can read it. As of March 2019, it contains more than 55 million items and has 21 thousand active users. For example, it links all the different pages here to other wikis by languages.

Wikidata provides support for Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, and other wikis of the Wikimedia movement. Anyone can use it.

References

Wikimedia Foundation
Wikis
Chris Ellis (born April 14, 1956) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor.  He was born in Dallas, Texas, and raised in Memphis, Tennessee. His career began in 1979. He is known for his roles in Days of Thunder, Apollo 13, Armageddon, My Cousin Vinny, and in The Dark Knight Rises.

References

Other websites
 

1956 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Dallas
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
Aidan Gillen (born Aidan Murphy; 24 April 1968) is an Irish movie, stage, television, and voice actor who is known for his roles in Shanghai Knights, Blitz, 12 Rounds, and The Dark Knight Rises.  His most famous role is probably Petyr Baelish in Game of Thrones.

Gillen was born on 24 April 1968 in Dublin, Ireland. He studied at St. Vincent's C.B.S. Gillen has been married to Olivia O'Flanagan since 2001. They have two children.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
Irish stage actors
Actors from Dublin
Joshua Regnall "Josh" Stewart (born February 6, 1977) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Brendan Finney in Third Watch, as Arkin in The Collector and in The Collection, and as Barsad in The Dark Knight Rises.

Stewart was born on February 6, 1977 in Diana, West Virginia. He studied at West Virginia Wesleyan College and at West Virginia University. Stewart is married to Deanna Brigidi. They have two children.

References

Other websites

 
 Josh Stewart  at TV.com
 Josh Stewart at TVGuide.com

1977 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from West Virginia
Karimganj District () is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters are in Karimganj. It is claimed by the peoples of Bangladesh as part of their Sylhet Division.

Districts of Assam
Territorial disputes
Life After People was a television show about how would the World look like when all humans disappeared. They show what will happen to the environment, to cities, houses, landmarks, and skyscrapers. The show aired from January 21, 2008 through March 16, 2010. The show was aired in the History Channel.

The show showed what would happen to the Statue of Liberty, the Egyptian pyramids, the Empire State Building, the Willis Tower, the Astrodome, the Space Needle, the Eiffel Tower, the Burj Khalifa, the Golden Gate Bridge, the Gateway Arch, Taipei 101, the USS Constitution, the White House, the Hoover Dam, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Grant's Tomb, the John Hancock Center, Wrigley Field, Big Ben, 30 St Mary Axe, the Lincoln Memorial, the Chrysler Building, the Washington Monument, Monticello, the United States Capitol, the Library of Congress, St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel.

References

Other websites
 
  of production company
 Australian website
American television series
Documentaries
English-language television programs
USS Constitution is a wooden, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy. Named by President George Washington after the Constitution of the United States of America, she is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel afloat.