Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Starshemah Bobatoon – vocals
Sudana Bobatoon	– vocals
Charles Brewer – percussion, programming, vocals
Shirley Brewer – percussion, vocals, speaking part
Berry Briges – vocals
Cecilia Brown – vocals
Eddie "Bongo" Brown – percussion
Jean Brown – vocals
Rodney Brown – vocals
Colleen Carleton – percussion, vocals
Addie Cox – vocals
Agnideva Dasa – vocals
Duryodhana Guru Dasa – vocals
Jayasacinandana Dasa – vocals
Jitamrtyi Dasa – vocals
Vedavyasa Dasa – vocals
Cinmayi Dasi – vocals
Yogamaya Dasi – vocals
Carolyn Dennis – vocals
Bhakta Eddie – vocals
Doe Rani Edwards – vocals
Jacqueline F. English – vocals
Ethel Enoex – vocals
Al Jocko Fann – vocals
Barbara Fann – vocals
Melani Fann – vocals
Shelley Fann – vocals
Tracy Fann – vocals
John Fischbach – percussion, programming, vocals, engineer
Susie Fuzzell – vocals
Carmelo Garcia – percussion, timbales
Anthony Givens – vocals
Audrey Givens – vocals
Derrick Givens – vocals
Mildred Givens – vocals
Michael Lee Gray – vocals
Mimi Green – vocals
Susaye Greene Brown – vocals
Bhakta Gregory – vocals
Renee Hardaway – percussion, vocals
John Harris – sound effects
Jeania Harris – vocals
John Harris – programming
Troy Harris – vocals
Nelson Hayes – percussion, sound effects, vocals
Terry Hendricks – vocals
H. David Henson – assistant engineer
Don Hunter – programming, sound effects
Adrian Janes – vocals
Josie James – vocals
Calvin Johnson – vocals
Carol Johnson – vocals
Patricia Johnson – vocals
Madelaine Jones – vocals
Bhakta Kevin – vocals
Phillip Kimble – vocals
James Lambert – vocals
Linda Lawrence – vocals
Irma Leslie – vocals
Kim Lewis – vocals
Carl Lockhart – vocals
Gail Lockhart – vocals
Raymond Maldonado – percussion, trumpet
Carolyn Massenburg – vocals
 May – vocals
Charity McCrary – vocals
Linda McCrary-Campbell – vocals
Lonnie Morgan – vocals
Kim Nixon – vocals
Lisa Nixon – vocals
Larri Nuckens – vocals
Larry Latimer – percussion, vocals
Amale Mathews – percussion, vocals
Gary Olazabal – engineer, bass sound
Edna Orso – percussion, vocals
Marietta Waters – percussion, vocals
Josette Valentino – percussion, vocals, handclapping
Gwen Perry – vocals
Gregory Rudd – vocals
Rukmini – vocals
Yolanda Simmons – vocals, handclapping
Keith Slaughter – vocals
Rosona Starks – vocals
Dennis Swindell – vocals
Sundray Tucker – vocals
Gary Veney – vocals
Sheryl Walker – vocals
Mary Lee Whitney – vocals
Syreeta Wright – vocals
Michael Gray – vocals
Susaye Greene – vocals
William Moore – vocals
Fountain Jones – programming
Aisha Morris – crying on "Isn't She Lovely"
Singles

References

1976 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
In orbital mechanics, a Hohmann transfer orbit moves a spacecraft between orbiting heights. It is the most fuel-efficient method to do so, because the spacecraft is not trying to escape the planet's gravity, using an elliptical orbit for the transfer.  

A ship using this would have to apply two velocities, one to enter the elliptical orbit, and one to enter the second orbit.

Calculation 
Assuming the mass of the spacecraft is much lower than that of the orbiting planet, the two velocities,  and , can be solved for as:where    
  is the mass of the planet,    

  is the universal gravitational constant, and    

  and  are the initial and final distances from the center of the planet.

Applications 
 Satellites can be moved into their proper height using a Hohmann transfer orbit.  
 A lunar transfer orbit (LTO) is used to reach the moon.  
 The Interplanetary Transport Network uses more than one body and requires lower velocity changes, and thus less fuel.  

Orbits
Spaceflight
Mauricio Macri (; born 8 February 1959) is an Argentine civil engineer, businessman and politician. He was the President of Argentina from 10 December 2015 to 10 December 2019. He was the Mayor of Buenos Aires serving from 10 December 2007 through 10 December 2015.

Presidency
On 22 November 2015, after a tie in the first round of presidential elections on 25 October, Macri won the first ballotage in Argentina's history, beating Front for Victory candidate Daniel Scioli and becoming president-elect. He was inaugurated on 10 December 2015.
Running for president when the Argentine economy was not performing well, Macri campaigned on a platform of change, and promised to pass free market reforms of the economy. Macri made major economic changes as soon as he entered office, hoping to help create jobs. He also is changing the country's foreign policy. While the president that came before him, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, had criticized the United States' policies, Macri has improved relations. In 2016, Barack Obama visited Argentina. The two talked about improving relations, issues in the hemisphere, and an apology from the United States for its support of the dictatorship in Argentina (as well as in several other Latin American countries) in the 1970s and 80s.

Macri has been critical of the government of Nicolas Maduro, and feels that the Venezuelan President is undemocratic and oppressive.

Macri lost his re-election bid in the 2019 election to Alberto Fernández and left office on 10 December 2019.

References

Bibliography

Other websites
Other websites

 Office of the President 
 Mauricio Macri's Official Website 
 Official Facebook
 CityMayors profile
Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

1959 births
Living people
Mayors of Buenos Aires
Presidents of Argentina
Businesspeople from Buenos Aires
Selwa Carmen Showker “Lucky” Roosevelt (born January 13, 1929) is a retired-American civil servant. She served as Chief of Protocol of the United States for almost seven years from 1982 through 1989 during the Ronald Reagan presidency. She was married to, Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt, Jr., the grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt.

References

1929 births
Living people
American civil servants
Politicians from Tennessee
James Wadsworth Symington (; born September 28, 1927) is an American attorney and politician. He served as four-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1977, representing Missouri for the Democratic Party. His father was United States senator Stuart Symington. He was born in Rochester, New York.

References

Other websites
  James W. Symington Papers (1964–1976) at the Western Historical Manuscript Collection, University of Missouri-St. Louis 

1927 births
Living people
People from Rochester, New York
Politicians from New York (state)
United States representatives from Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Cavit Şadi Pehlivanoğlu (1927 – 21 November 2015) was a Turkish statesman. He served as a legislator of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for three terms between 1961 through 1996. He was the first as a member of Justice Party (Turkey) and then as the Vice President of Motherland Party (Turkey), that he founded together with President Turgut Özal and others.

Pehlivanoğlu died on November 21, 2015 in Ordu, Turkey from complications of pneumonia, aged 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Turkish businesspeople
Turkish lawyers
Turkish politicians
Norman Beresford Tebbit, Baron Tebbit, CH, PC (born 29 March 1931) is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet from 1981 to 1987 as Secretary of State for Employment (1981–83), Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (1983–85), Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1985–87) and Chairman of the Conservative Party (1985–87). 

He was a member of parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1992, representing the constituencies of Epping (1970–74) and Chingford (1974–92).

Other websites
An electoral curse yet to be lifted
What is the Conservative Party for? 
Tebbit: They are out to get me 
Tebbit will stay, says Tory leader 
TUC poster blaming Thatcher and Tebbit for rising unemployment
TUC poster against Tebbit's 1982 Employment Act
Tebbit on the front cover of the Private Eye
Norman Tebbit | What England Means to Me
1931 births
Living people
British military people
English journalists
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
People from Middlesex
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
United Kingdom Life Peers
Douglas Richard Hurd, Baron Hurd of Westwell (born 8 March 1930) is a British Conservative politician. He served in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major from 1979 to 1995.

He was born in the market town of Marlborough in Wiltshire. Hurd first entered Parliament in February 1974 as MP for the Mid Oxfordshire constituency (Witney from 1983). His first government post was as Minister for Europe from 1979 to 1983 (being that office's inaugural holder) and he served in several Cabinet roles since 1984. 

His jobs include Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (1984–85), Home Secretary (1985–89) and Foreign Secretary (1989–95).  He stood unsuccessfully for the Conservative Party leadership in 1990, but retired from frontline politics during a Cabinet reshuffle in 1995.

In 1997, Hurd was elevated to the House of Lords and is one of the Conservative Party's most senior elder statesmen. He is a patron of the Tory Reform Group and remains an active figure in public life.
Other websites
Hurd's memories of his assignment Beijing in the 1950s 
Hurd intervenes in the 2001 General Election campaign on European policy
BBC reports on the findings of Hurd's commission into the role of the Archbishop of Canterbury
An article by Douglas Hurd on peace in the Middle East 
Speech by Hurd on Britain and Europe
 Daily Telegraph review of Robert Peel, a Biography
Economist Review of "Robert Peel, a Biography"
Daily Mail Review of "Robert Peel, A Biography"
Patron, Witney History Society 

1930 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
People educated at Eton College
People from Wiltshire
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
United Kingdom Life Peers
Herbert Eli Scarf (July 25, 1930 – November 15, 2015) was an American economist and professor emeritus of Economics at Yale University (2010-2015). 

He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He served as the president of the Econometric Society in 1983. He received both the Frederick Lanchester Award in 1973 and the John von Neumann Medal in 1983 from the Operations Research Society of America and was elected as a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association in 1991.

Scarf was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at Princeton University and at Temple University. Scarf died at his home in Sag Harbor, New York from heart failure, aged 85.

References

Other websites

 Personal web site
 The works of Herbert Scarf
1930 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American economists
Educators from New York City
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Philadelphia
Educators from Philadelphia
Yoram Tsafrir (30 January 1938 in Kfar Azar – 23 November 2015) was an Israeli archaeologist. His research has included the Byzantine influence on ancient synagogues, demography of Palestine in the Byzantine period. He led excavations at Beit She'an, and at Rehoboth. He was Professor Emeritus in the University of Hebrew, University of Jerusalem, and in the Institute of Archaeology. He was a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Tsafrir died in a hospital in Jerusalem, Israel from a heart attack at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

1938 births
2015 deaths
Archaeologists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Israeli academics
Israeli Jews
Jewish academics
Litchfield is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,624 at the 2010 census. Litchfield is included in the Augusta, Maine micropolitan.

Litchfield was incorporated in 1795. It was originally known as Smithtown Plantation.

Other websites
 Litchfield, Maine Official Website
 Historical Society of Litchfield, Maine

Towns in Maine
North Pole is a small unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Idaho.

Unincorporated communities in Idaho
Kostandin Shpataraku (flourished 1736–67) was an Albanian painter of 18th century.

Early life
Kostandin Shpataraku was born in Valesh village in the Shpat region of Albania. The region is located in the southern highland of Elbasan, Albania, in today's Gjinar which was originally in the Ottoman Empire.

Work
Shpataraku was a painter in the Orthodox tradition of icons and Byzantine church frescoes, active between 1736 and 1767. His works combine Byzantine tradition and Italian Renaissance influences.

Death
Shpataraku was beheaded by the Ottomans in Elbasan. His family took his body and buried him in his village with his head apart from the rest of the body, so the Ottomans could not find his exact grave. A small chapel was built later to commemorate him. He is also commemorated as a saint by the locals, on September 21.
Legacy
Many of his icons are in Ardenica Monastery, St. Jovan Vladimir's Church near Elbasan, Vithkuq, and in the "Museum of Medieval Art" in Korce. Many of his works belong to private collections.

References

Other websites 

Kostandin Shpataraku links

Painters from Europe
Albanian people
Elastin is part of connective tissue. It is an elastic protein which allows many tissues in the body to go back to their shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin helps skin return to its original position when handled. Elastin is also used in places where mechanical energy is stored.  

Elastin is important in blood vessels because it helps blood to flow. It is common in large elastic blood vessels such as the aorta.  Elastin is also very important in the lungs, ligaments, the skin, the bladder, and elastic cartilage. It is present in all vertebrates above the jawless fish.

In humans, elastin is encoded by the ELN gene.

References 

Animal tissues
The Icteridae are a family of small to medium-sized New World songbirds. They are usually brightly colored. Most species have black as a main plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The family is extremely varied in size, shape, behavior and coloration. 

This group includes the New World blackbirds, New World orioles, the bobolink, meadowlarks, grackles, cowbirds, oropendolas and caciques. They are only distantly related to the Old World common blackbird (which is a thrush) or the Old World orioles.

Icterids are unusual in songbirds because they have considerable sexual dimorphism. For example, the male great-tailed grackle is 60% heavier than the female. The smallest icterid species is the orchard oriole, in which the female averages 15 cm in length (6 in) and  in weight, while the largest is the Amazonian oropendola, the male of which measures  and weighs about . This variation in size is greater than usual in passerine families.
One unusual adaptation shared by the icterids is gaping, where the skull allows them to open their bills strongly rather than passively. This lets them force open gaps to get at hidden food.

References
Amanda Holden (born 16 February 1971) is an English televsion personality, actress, singer and presenter. She is best known as a judge on Britain's Got Talent on ITV. 

She played Mel in the TV series Kiss Me Kate. She also played Geraldine Titley in the TV comedy-drama series The Grimleys. Furthermore, Holden appeared in Smack the Pony, EastEnders, Celeb, Hearts and Bones and Cutting It.

Holden was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England.

References

Other websites 
 Biography by Amanda Holden

1971 births
Living people
Actors from Hampshire
English movie actors
English singers
English stage actors
English television actors
Musicians from Hampshire
People from Portsmouth
Television personalities from Hampshire
Thoroughly Modern Millie is a 2002 musical, with lyrics by Dick Scanlan and music by Jeanine Tesori. It is based on the 1967 movie of the same name. It is about a girl from Kansas, Millie Dillmount, who comes to New York City in the 1920s to marry for money rather than love. Millie begins to soon take delight in the flapper lifestyle. However, problems arise when she checks into a hotel owned by a the leader of a white slavery ring in China.

Thoroughly Modern Millie is a pastiche musical, imitating the style of the original movie. It won a 2002 Tony Award for best musical. It played in London and New York City.

References

West End musicals
Broadway musicals
Tony Award winning musicals
Looking Back, and also called Anthology, is a triple LP anthology by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released on November 30, 1977 on Motown Records.

Album packaging
Since its release as a 12-inch triple LP, it has not been made available on a CD or download. It is considered to be a limited edition. The album has 40 songs from Wonder's early period (1962 - 1971).

Track listing

Side one
 "Thank You (For Loving Me All the Way)" - (2:30)
 "Contract on Love" - (2:02)
 "Fingertips - Part 2" - (2:52)
 "Workout Stevie, Workout" - (2:40)
 "Castles in the Sand" - (2:10)
 "Hey Harmonica Man" - (2:35)
 "High Heel Sneakers" - (2:58)

Side two
 "Uptight (Everything's Alright)" - (2:53)
 "Nothing's Too Good for My Baby" - (2:38)
 "Blowin' in the Wind" - (3:45)
 "Ain't That Asking for Trouble" - (2:47)
 "I'd Cry" - (2:22)
 "A Place in the Sun" - (2:52)
 "Sylvia" - (2:33)
Side three
 "Down to Earth" - (2:48)
 "Thank You Love" - (2:50)
 "Hey Love" - (2:44)
 "Travelin' Man" - (2:54)
 "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" - (3:06)
 "I Was Made to Love Her" - (2:35)
 "I'm Wondering" - (2:52)

Side four
 "Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day" - (2:44)
 "You Met Your Match" - (2:36)
 "I'd Be a Fool Right Now" (New 1977 mix) - (2:53)
 "Alfie" - (2:58)
 "More Than a Dream" - (3:20)
 "For Once in My Life" - (2:16)

Side five
 "Angie Girl" - (2:56)
 "My Cherie Amour" - (2:54)
 "I Don't Know Why (I Love You)" - (2:43)
 "If I Ruled The World" - (3:31)
 "Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday" - (2:57)
 "Never Had a Dream Come True" - (2:59)
 "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours" - (2:46)

Side six
 "Heaven Help Us All" - (2:59)
 "I Gotta Have a Song" - (2:32)
 "Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer" - (2:56)
 "If You Really Love Me" - (2:53)
 "Something Out of the Blue" - (2:58)
 "Do Yourself a Favor" - (5:58)

Personnel
Stevie Wonder - vocals, piano, harmonica, keyboards

Production
Production

Charts

References

1977 albums
Greatest hits albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants" is an album by Stevie Wonder, originally released on the Tamla label on October 30, 1979. It was also the soundtrack to the documentary The Secret Life of Plants, directed by Walon Green.

Reviews

Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants"''' received mixed reviews from critics.

Track listingAll songs written, produced and arranged by Stevie Wonder, except where noted.Side one
 "Earth's Creation" – 4:06 (Instrumental)
 "The First Garden" – 2:32 (Instrumental)
 "Voyage to India" – 6:29 (Instrumental)
 "Same Old Story" – 3:44
 "Venus' Flytrap and the Bug" – 2:25
 "Ai No, Sono" – 2:06

Side two
 "Seasons" – 2:53 (Instrumental)
 "Power Flower" – 5:29
 Lyrics by Michael Sembello.
 "Send One Your Love (Music)" – 3:05 (Instrumental)
 "Race Babbling" – 8:51
Side three
 "Send One Your Love" – 4:01
 "Outside My Window" – 5:29
 "Black Orchid" – 3:47 (Wonder, Yvonne Wright)
 "Ecclesiastes" – 3:42 (Instrumental)
 "Kesse Ye Lolo De Ye" – 3:03
 "Come Back as a Flower" – 4:59
 Lead vocals and lyrics by Syreeta Wright.''

Side four
 "A Seed's a Star/Tree Medley" – 5:53
 "The Secret Life of Plants" – 4:16
 "Tree" – 5:47 (Instrumental)
 "Finale" – 7:01 (Instrumental)

References

1979 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Electronica albums
Mýa Marie Harrison (born October 10, 1979) () is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. She first became famous in 1998 with her debut album Mýa. She is best known for the 2001 cover of the famous R&B song "Lady Marmalade".

Early life and career beginnings

Mýa is a native of Washington, D.C. She is one of three children. Her father, Sherman, was an African-American musician and singer. He played in several bands near where they lived. Her Italian-American mother, Theresa, worked as an accountant. As a child, Mýa would pretend she was Michael Jackson and would sing into a wooden spoon and pretended it was a microphone.
Mýa sometimes was bullied because of her ethnic background. She would say 
There was a time in my life when I wasn't popular and accepted by kids in school. I was made fun of with braces and kinky hair, and being from a multicultural family, etcetera... And it really hurts when you're that age, but later when you get something of your own or you get involved in activities like a sport, you begin to be accepted for what you do, and your personality and who you are, instead of your clothes and how you look and the name designer brands you have on.

Discography
 Mýa (1998)
 Fear of Flying (2000)
 Moodring (2003)
 Liberation (2007)
 Sugar & Spice (2008)
 K.I.S.S. (Keep It Sexy & Simple) (2011)
 Smoove Jones (2016)
Tours
Opening Act
 1998: Smokin' Groove Tour (various hip-hop artists)
 1998: Boyz II Men Tour
 1999: Lilith Fair Tour (various female performers)
Headliner
 2000: MTV European Tour
 2001: House of Blues Tour
 2003: House of Blues Tour
 2007: Seagrams Live Tour (with Clipse)
Supporting
 2007: BET Black College Tour (various artists)
 2014: Full Frequency Tour (Sean Paul's Australian tour in November)

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1979 births
Living people
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
American hip hop musicians
Mýa is the self-titled debut studio album by American recording artist Mýa. It was her first studio album for then-record label Interscope Records released April 21, 1998. When the album was released Mýa was a teenager.

Reviews

Mýa received mixed reviews when it was released.

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1998 albums
Debut albums
Hip hop albums
Hip hop soul albums
R&B albums
Moodring is the third studio album by American recording artist Mýa. It was her last studio album for then joint record label A&M and Interscope Records, released on July 22, 2003.

Reviews

Moodring received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Tour

Release history

References

2003 albums
Hip hop albums
Hip hop soul albums
R&B albums
Varduhi Varderesyan (; 19 March 1928 – 24 November, 2015) was an Romanian-born Armenian actress. She was born in Bucharest, Romania. In 2002 she was declared an honorary citizen of Yerevan. She was known for her roles in Looking for the Addressee, Northern Rainbow, Hayrik, and in The Journey.

Varderesyan died in Yerenvan, Armenia at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
IMDB profile
Persons.am 
Biography and photos of Varduhi Varderesyan
Facebook.com

1928 births
2015 deaths
Armenian actors
Entertainers from Bucharest
Soviet actors
Manmeet Singh Bhullar (March 1, 1980 – November 23, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta who represented the constituency of Calgary-Greenway as a Progressive Conservative.  He served as a cabinet minister from 2011 until the defeat of the Progressive Conservative government in 2015.

Bhullar became the first turbaned Sikh to hold a ministerial position after he was appointed to Cabinet as Minister of Service Alberta on October 12, 2011.

Bhullar died in a motor vehicle collision north of Red Deer, Alberta while driving from Calgary to Edmonton on the Queen Elizabeth II highway, on November 23, 2015 at the age of 35. Bhullar had stopped to assist a driver involved in a collision and sustained fatal injuries after he was struck by a semi truck that had lost control descending a hill.

References

1980 births
2015 deaths
Canadian Sikhs
Road accident deaths
Politicians from Calgary
Ann Njogu is a lawyer and activist from Kenya. In 2010, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

Njogu is the director of the Centre for Rights Education and Awareness.  The center made a record of violence based on gender after the December 2007 Kenyan elections. Njogu was also a leader in the Multi-Sectoral Committee on Constitutional Reform, the Joint Dialogue Forum on Constitutional Reform, and a delegate to the Bomas National Conference on Constitutional Reforms. These groups worked for better government.

The 2006 Sexual Offenses Act 

Njogu helped write the law for Kenya’s Sexual Offenses Act.  This act became law in 2006.
This law protects women from sexual and gender based violence.  It helps abused women to find justice  Njogu also gave counseling and support to the victims of sexual and gender-based violence.  Njogu started centers to give information, legal aid, counseling and psychosocial support to women.  The centers are all over the country.  The first center was in Kibera slum.

Arrests 

In 2007, Njogu wanted a review of the salaries of the members of parliament.  Kenya is very poor, but the members of parliament received a lot of money.  The police attacked Njogu and took her to jail.   Njoogu and the others who were arrested filed a Constitutional reference.  It was called "Ann Njogu and others versus the State." It said the police could not keep a Kenyan citizen in jail for more than 24 hours.
In 2008, Njokgu helped to start the Civil Society Congress.  This group worked for better government after the 2007 Kenyan election.  In 2008 Njogu said there might be corrupttion in the sale of the Grand Regency Hotel.  The police arrested Njokgu and they beat her.

Awards 

Njogu received a 2010 International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Other websites 
The Centre for Rights, Education and Awareness (CREAW)

Related pages

 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References  

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Kenyan activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Kenyan lawyers
Lee Ae-ran (Hangul = 이애란; Revised Romanization = I Aeran; McCune–Reischauer = Ri Aeran) (born 1964) is a South Korean activist. In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 
Lee's grandparents left North Korea to go to South Korea. The government of North Korea sent Lee and her family to a labor camp. She was in jail for eight years. In 1997, a family member in America wrote a book.  The book said Lee's father worked against North Korea, so Lee ran away to South Korea.

Lee studied the subject of food and nutrition at Ewha Womans University.  In 2009, she received a PhD.

Work 
In 2005, Lee started the Global Leadership Scholarship Program.  The program gives scholarships to students from North Korea to learn English.

In 2008, Lee ran for a seat in the National Assembly.  She was the first North Korean defector to do this.
In 2009, Lee started the Hana Defector Women's Organization.  The NGO helps North Korean women who live in South Korea.  The women receive job training, childcare, help with education, and human rights training.

Lee became the head of the North Korean Traditional Food Institute in 2012.  The institute tries to bring North and South Korea closer together.  It gives vocational training to North Korean defectors.  It also teaches about the food traditions of Pyongyang.

Also in 2012, Lee led an 18-day hunger strike in front of the Chinese embassy. Lee protested against China, because they wanted to send North Korean refugees back to North Korea.

Awards 
Lee received a 2010 International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

References

Other websites 

 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
1964 births
Living people
South Korean human rights activists
People from Pyongyang
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
A wasted username or wasted account is a user account on a website that was not used very much (or at all) after it was made. A person who makes an account like this is called a namewaster or a name waster.

This word came from YouTube, where many people would post both funny and hateful comments on namewasters' YouTube channels. This was an Internet phenomenon until 2012, when YouTube deleted a lot of these wasted accounts.

References 

Internet memes
YouTube
Mail, or chain mail, is a type of armour. It is made of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. The Celts are usually credited with inventing mail armour. Celtic mail was usually made in the form of a vest.

Etymology
The origins* of the word "mail" are not fully known. One theory is that it originally comes from the Latin word macula, meaning "spot" or "opacity".  Another theory relates the word to the Old French "maillier", meaning “to hammer” (related to the modern English word "malleable"). A mail shirt is a called a hauberk (haubergeon or byrnie). Mail leggings were called chausses. A mail Hood is called a coif and covered the head, neck and shoulders. 

*Another possible source is Italian.  The word for jersey or sweater, and sometimes shirt, in modern Italian is maglia or, in French, maillot.
History 
Many scholars think mail was invented by ancient Celts about the 3rd century BC. At that time their iron work was probably the best in Europe. The Romans quickly adopted it for their own army. A shirt of mail armour weighed about . After a battle it was common practice to strip weapons and armour from the dead. Vikings were known to wear mail armor whenever they could get their hands on it. Mail was expensive, time-consuming to make, and required a supply of iron. It became more expensive as improvements were made in materials and workmanship. Mail armour was in use in Europe until the 15th century.

Modern uses 
Mail is today used in gloves to prevent cuts by butchers and firefighters. Some divers wear mail suits when swimming around sharks and particularly when feeding sharks. But mail is heavy and it makes moving around more difficult. Mail is very popular with history reenactors. It is also popular in live action role playing.

Gallery

References

Armour
The Afar Triangle  (or Afar Depression) is a low area bordering on the Red Sea. It is part of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa. 
The area overlaps the borders of Eritrea, Djibouti and the entire Afar region of Ethiopia.

Human fossils 
Important fossil specimens of the earliest hominins have been found in this area. These are the earliest of the human clade. The area is thought by some paleontologists to be the cradle of the evolution of humans. 

Many important fossil localities exist in the Afar region. These sites have produced specimens of the earliest (fossil) hominins and of human tool culture, as well as many fossils of flora and fauna.

Geography 
The Triangle includes the lowest point in Africa, Lake Asal, Djibouti, at 155 m (or 509 ft) below sea level.
The Awash River is the main waterflow into the region. It runs dry during the annual dry season, and ends as a chain of saline lakes. The northern part of the Afar Depression is also known as the Danakil Depression. The lowlands are affected by heat, drought, and poor air circulation. Some of the lowlands are the hottest places (year-round average temperatures) of anywhere on Earth.

The Afar Triangle is bordered by high areas, as shown on the topographic map.

Plate tectonics 
The Depression is a plate tectonic triple junction. This geologic feature is one of earth's great active volcanic areas, so the floor of the depression is composed of lava, mostly basalt.

The continuous process of volcanism makes mineral deposits, like sulfur, salt, bentonite, and gypsum. There are also geothermal energy sources and hot springs in different areas of the region.
In 2005, a giant rift was formed in just a few days. The rift opened when the Dabbahu Volcano erupted. The rift is part of the process of the Arabian and African plates moving apart. This new crack,  long, and  deep, opened when the lava from the erupting volcano flowed underground and cooled. It left a  long,  wide dike within days.

References 

East Africa
Archaeological sites in Africa
Stabat Mater Dolorosa, often referred to as Stabat Mater, is a 13th-century Catholic hymn to Mary. It has been attributed to the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi and to Innocent III. It is about the Sorrows of Mary.

Like so many other hymns the name of the hymn is made of the first few words. This is called an incipit. The first line reads Stabat mater dolorosa ("The sorrowful mother stood"). The Stabat Mater hymn is about the suffering of Mary, Jesus Christ's mother, during his crucifixion. It is sung at the liturgy on the memorial of Our Lady of Sorrows. The Stabat Mater has been set to music by many composers, among them Palestrina, Pergolesi, Alessandro Scarlatti and Domenico Scarlatti, Vivaldi, Haydn, Rossini, Dvořák, George Henschel, Karol Szymanowski, Poulenc and Arvo Pärt.
In the 16th centry, the hymn was added to the Roman missal. The Council of Trent banned it, like most sequences. In the 18th century it was added to the Breviary of Roman Catholic mass. The Second Vactican Council abolished this form of mass, so it is only part of regular mass one day of the year. The current version can be found in the Roman Gradual, which dates of 1973.

References 

Christian hymns
Rhododendron niveum is a Rhododendron species. It is native to northeastern India (including Sikkim), Bhutan, and southern Tibet. It grows at altitudes of 2600–3500 meters. 

It is a shrub or small tree that grows to 2–6 m in height, with leathery leaves 8.5–11 by 3.6–4.6 cm in size. Flowers are magenta to lilac.

References 

Rhododendron
Plants of Asia
Daniel Smart "Dan" Fante (February 19, 1944 – November 23, 2015) was an American author and playwright. He was born in Los Angeles, California to a family of Italian immigrants. 

He was known for his plays Chump Change, Mooch, 86'd and Spitting Off Tall Buildings. His father was writer John Fante. He was also the author of A Gin-Pissing-Raw-Meat-Dual-Carburetor-V8-Son-Of-A-Bitch From Los Angeles, a volume of poetry on Wrecking Ball Press.

Fante died of cancer in Los Angeles, aged 71.

References

Other websites

Official homepage 
Dan Fante: An American Writer (a documentary directed by Flavio Sciolé) 
New York Times review of Short Dog 
Interview of Dan Fante on NPR's Fresh Air with Terry Gross, September 29, 2009.
Interview with Dan Fante by Ben Myers
Interview with Dan Fante by Tony O'Neill 
 Interview with Dan Fante by Rob Woodard 
Hand-written interview at ifpthendirt 
Interview with Dan Fante by Alex Kudera
1944 births
2015 deaths
American playwrights
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Carlos Oroza (May 13, 1923 – November 20, 2015) was a Spanish poet. He was born in Viveiro. He was known mainly for the interpretation and performance of his own work. He founded Tropos magazine, a magazine about poetry.

Oroza died of heart failure in Madrid, aged 92.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Galician people
Spanish poets
Heinz Oberhummer (19 May 1941 – 24 November 2015) was an Austrian physicist and skeptic. He was born in Bischofshofen and raised in Obertauern, Austria. Oberhummer was professor emeritus of Theoretical Physics at the Atominstitut of the Vienna University of Technology. His main research area was nucleosynthesis.

Oberhummer died of pneumonia in Vienna, Austria, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 Articles of Heinz Oberhummer in arxiv.org
 Kann das alles Zufall sein? - Geheimnisvolles Universum, Ecowin-Verlag, 2008; Award for "Best Popular Science Book in Austria 2009" 
 Science Busters
 Cinema and Science (CISCI)
 Neue Erkenntnisse zur Entstehung der Grundlagen für Leben 

1941 births
2015 deaths
Austrian academics
Austrian physicists
People from Salzburgerland
Paul Lennart Hellsing (5 June 1919 – 25 November 2015) was a Swedish writer and translator. His lasting contribution as a children's writer, Helsing was a finalist in 2010 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest recognition available to creators of children's books. He was born in Västanfors, Sweden. He was known for his rhymes and word plays. He was thought to be an "outstanding poet" in the field of humour and nonsense writing.

Hellsing died at his home in Stockholm, Sweden of pneumonia on the night of 25 November 2015 surrounded by his family, aged 96.

References

Other websites

 
 "2010". Hans Christian Andersen Awards. International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY). With contemporary material including the 2010 shortlist press release. Retrieved 23 March 2014.

1919 births
2015 deaths
Children's writers
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Sweden
Swedish writers
James Peter Hymers Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern,  (born 2 July 1927) is a British advocate.  He served as Dean of the Faculty of Advocates, Lord Advocate, and Lord Chancellor (1987–1997). He is an active member of the House of Lords.

Mackay was born in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

References

Other websites

 Merk, "Lord Mackay of Clashfern", Bonner Rechtsjournal, Sonderausgabe 1/2012, S. 28 ff.

1927 births
Living people
People from Edinburgh
British King's Counsel
Albin Chalandon (11 June 1920 in Reyrieux, Ain – 29 July 2020) was a French politician and a former minister. From 1968 and 1972, he was Minister of Public Works. And from 1986 until 1988, he was Minister of Justice.

He died on 29 July 2020, aged 100.

References

1920 births
2020 deaths
Government ministers of France
People from Ain
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes‎
Robert Badinter (; born 30 March 1928) is a French criminal law lawyer, university professor, politician and activist of Jewish descent. He is against the death penalty, the abolition of which he successfully sponsored in Parliament in 1981. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he served as Minister of Justice and then President of the Constitutional Council under François Mitterrand.

Other websites
 Official page of Robert Badinter in the French Senate
  La page de Robert Badinter sur le site du Sénat
  Vidéo: Robert Badinter  en 1976, il motive son engagement contre la peine de mort, une archive de la Télévision suisse romande
  UHB Rennes II   Autour de l'oeuvre de Robert Badinter : Éthique et justice. Synergie des savoirs et des compétences et perspectives d'application en psychocriminologie. journées d'étude les 22 et 23 mai 2008 à l'université Rennes 2, sur le thème "Autour de l'œuvre de Robert Badinter : Éthique et justice.".]
1928 births
Living people
French lawyers
Government ministers of France
French human rights activists
Jewish activists
Jewish French academics
Jewish French politicians
Jewish lawyers
French LGBT rights activists
Politicians from Paris
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Charles Thone (January 4, 1924 – March 7, 2018) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the 34th Governor of Nebraska serving from January 4, 1979 through January 6, 1983. He lost re-election to Bob Kerrey. Before being governor, Thone represented Nebraska's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1971 through January 3, 1979.

Thone was born in Hartington, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Thone died on March 7, 2018 in Lincoln, Nebraska of respiratory failure at age 94.

References

Other websites
 Retrieved on 2008-01-24
National Governors Association 
The Political Graveyard

1924 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Governors of Nebraska
United States representatives from Nebraska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Nebraska
Disease-related deaths in Nebraska
History 
In ancient times the Vedar Rajas ruled Wayanad. Later the Pazhassi Raja of the Kottayam Royal Dynasty ruled. Then there was a Mysorean invasion.  Later, the British took over India, which lasted for 200 years. The British fought the Pazhassi Rajah. When the state of Kerala started in 1956, Wayanad was part of the Cannannore district. In 1957, south Wayanad was added to Kozhikode district and north Wayanad stayed with Cannannore district. The district was formed on 1 November 1980 as the 12th district in Kerala by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts.
People 
According to the 2011 census Wayanad district had a population of 816,558. Many Adivasi people live in Wayanad. Many settlers also live in Wayanad. People came to Wayanad from almost all the other parts of Kerala because the farmland is good. Wayanad has a small Jain community made of Gowders who came from Karnataka. They built temples all over the district. There are also many different kinds of Christians living in Wayanad. One fourth of the population of Wayanad is Christian. Another fourth of the population is Muslims, and the rest of the people are Hindus. The entire Wayanad region fell under the Kannada speaking area as per the linguistic survey and history of Colonel Wilks.

References 

Districts of Kerala
Universal Children's Day is an annual celebration of children's rights. It is celebrated on the 20th of November each year.

Background 
On the 14th of December 1954, the United Nations General Assembly recommended that countries celebrate a Universal Children's Day. The date 20 November marks the day on which the assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. On 20 November 1959 they adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 

According to UNICEF millions of children in the world are victims of violence every year. In addition to violence, these children are subject to abuse, neglect and exploitation. This is at home, at work, at school and in the community. It also takes place during wars and natural disasters. Many forms of abuse including corporal punishment and sexual abuse remain legal in many countries. It also remains socially acceptable in many places.
Observance 
Many children around the world live in poor conditions. They do not have access to education or health care. Other children are subject to violence and child labor. Universal Children's Day is celebrated to promote the wellbeing of children everywhere.

Children's Rights 
The Declaration of the Rights of the Child and The Convention on the Rights of the Child describe children's rights. Children's rights include the right to survive and thrive, to be educated, to be free from violence and abuse, to participate and to be heard.

References 

United Nations
Robert McCormick Adams Jr. (July 23, 1926 – January 27, 2018) was an American anthropologist and archaeologist. He was Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1984 to 1994. He has worked in both the Near East and Mesoamerica. He was best known for his research in Iraq.

Adams, Jr. died on January 27, 2018 in Chula Vista, California at the age of 91.

References 

1926 births
2018 deaths
Educators from Chicago
American anthropologists
American archaeologists
Scientists from Chicago
Gerald Wayne Clough (born September 24, 1941) is an American educator and engineer. He was the President Emeritus of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (2008-2015). He retired in October 2014. A graduate of Georgia Tech in civil engineering, he was the first alumnus to serve as President of the Institute.

References

Other websites

G. Wayne Clough speeches collection from Georgia Tech Archives
Biography of G. Wayne Clough  on the Smithsonian website
G. Wayne Clough from the Smithsonian Institution Archives

1941 births
Living people
Academics from Georgia (U.S. state)
American civil engineers
Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Guy Vernon Lewis, II (March 19, 1922 – November 26, 2015) was an American basketball player and coach. He served as the head men's basketball coach at the University of Houston from 1956 to 1986. He was born in Arp, Texas.

Lewis led his Houston Cougars to five appearances in the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament, in 1967, 1968, 1982, 1983, and 1984. He was inducted into National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2007 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2013.

Lewis died on the morning of November 26, 2015 at his home in Kyle, Texas from complications following a stroke he suffered about 10 years ago. He was 93 years old.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Texas
College basketball coaches
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Morice Fredrick "Tex" Winter (February 25, 1922 – October 10, 2018) was an American retired basketball coach, and innovator of the triangle offense. He was born in Wellington, Texas. 

Winter served as an assistant coach to the Chicago Bulls from the 1985-86 season through the 1998-99 season, during which time the team won six NBA championships.  Most of this time was spent working with head coach Phil Jackson, starting from the 1987-88 season.  He also went with Jackson to the Los Angeles Lakers for five seasons, from 1999 to 2004, winning another three NBA championships.  

Winter had previously head coached the Houston Rockets during the 1971-72 and 1972-73 seasons.

Winter died on October 10, 2018 from complications of a stroke in Manhattan, Kansas at the age of 96.

References

1922 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Sportspeople from Texas
John William "Johnny" Bach (July 10, 1924 – January 18, 2016) was an American former professional basketball player and coach. Bach played college basketball at Fordham University and Brown University. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City.

He was selected by the Boston Celtics in the 1948 Basketball Association of America (BAA) Draft, and played 24 games for the Celtics. He coached the Golden State Warriors from 1983 through 1986. He became the assistant coach for the Chicago Bulls from 1986 through 2003. He retired in 2006.

Bach died on January 18, 2016 in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
 BasketballReference.com: Johnny Bach (as coach) 
 BasketballReference.com: Johnny Bach (as player) 
 NBA.com Coach File: John Bach

1924 births
2016 deaths
Boston Celtics players
National Basketball Association coaches
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
Stevie Wonder's Original Musiquarium I is a greatest hits album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released on May 4, 1982 by Tamla. It is Wonder's second greatest hits album as his first one Looking Back had been released five years before it.

Track listing and personnel
All songs written by Stevie Wonder except "Front Line" by Wonder and Gary Byrd. Arrangements and all vocals and instruments by Wonder except as indicated.

Side one
"Superstition" (from Talking Book) — 4:25
 Trevor Laurence - saxophone; Steve Madaio - trumpet
"You Haven't Done Nothin'" (from Fulfillingness' First Finale) — 3:29
 Reggie McBride - bass; The Jackson 5 - vocals
"Living for the City" (different version as the one from Innervisions) — 7:26
"Front Line" — 5:52
 Benjamin Bridges - electric guitar; Nathan Watts - bass
Side two
"Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You)" (from Music of My Mind) — 7:57
 Buzzy Feiten - electric guitar
"Send One Your Love"  (from Stevie Wonder's Journey through the Secret Life of Plants) — 4:02
 Benjamin Bridges, Rick Zunigar - electric guitar
"You Are the Sunshine of My Life" (single version; original version from Talking Book) — 2:51
 Gloria Barley, Lani Groves, Jim Gilstrap - vocals; Scott Edwards - bass; Daniel Ben Zebulon - congas
"Ribbon in the Sky" — 5:35
 Benjamin Bridges - acoustic guitar