Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
As the chief notary in Fiume in 1861, Starčević wrote "the four petitions of the Rijeka county", which are considered the basis of the political program of the Croatian Party of Rights. He pointed out that Croatia needed to determine its relationships with Austria and Hungary through international agreements. He demanded the reintegration of the Croatian lands, the large kingdom of Croatia of old (the Middle Age's Kingdom of Croatia), the homeland of one people, with the same blood, language, past and (God willing) future.
On that ideological basis, he founded the Croatian Party of Rights with his school friend Eugen Kvaternik in 1861. The Party of Rights was clerical, conservative, and pro-Habsburg. Its only concession to nationalism was hostility to the Serbs who, since the incorporation of the "military frontiers" into Croatia in 1868, made up a quarter of the population. Starčević was the only parliamentary representative who agreed with Kvaternik's draft constitution of 26 June 1861. He advocated the termination of the Military Frontier and persuaded parliament  to pass on 5 August 1861 the decision annulling any joint business with Austria.

He advocated the resolution of Bosnian issues by reforms and cooperation between the people and the nobility. Starčević believed that Bosniaks were the "the best Croats", and claimed that "Bosnian Muslims are a part of the Croatian people and of the purest Croatian blood".

Literary and publishing work
Starčević wrote literary criticism, short stories, newspaper articles, philosophical essays, plays and political satire. He was also a translator.

His travelogue From Lika was published in Kušlan's magazine Slavenski Jug on 22 October 1848. He wrote four plays in the period 1851-52, but only the Village Prophet has been preserved. His translation of Anacreon from Ancient Greek was published in Danica in 1853. His critical review (1855) of Đurđević's Pjesni razlike was described by the Croatian literary historian Branko Vodnik as "our first genuine literary essay about older Dubrovnik literature". His opus shows an affinity with practical philosophy, which he calls "the science of life". As Josip Horvat said: His literary work from 1849 to the end of 1853 made Ante Starčević the most prolific and original Croatian writer along with Mirko Bogović.
In 1850, incited by Ljudevit Gaj, Starčević started working on the manuscript of Istarski razvod, a crucial Croatian document from 1325. He transcribed the text from the Glagolitic alphabet to the Latin alphabet, analyzed it and published it in 1852. In the foreword, young Starčević elaborated his linguistic ideas, pointing out that the mixture of all three Croatian dialects (Shtokavian, Chakavian) and Kajkavian) and the Krajina dialect is called the Croatian language, which Starčević considers from the perspective of its six hundred years of history. Starčević accepted the etymological orthography and used the ekavian form for his entire life, considering it the heir of the old Kajkavian. His language is a "synthetic" form of Croatian, never used before or after him, most similar to the Ozalj idiom of Petar Zrinski, whom he probably never read.
In that period, in the Call for Subscriptions to the Croatian Grammar (8 December, 1851) he stated his opposition to the Vienna Language Agreement of 1850 and the linguistic concept of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. He continued his dispute with the followers of Karadžić in a series of articles published in 1852. His opposition to the Vuk's work he 'supported' by utter denial of the Serbs as the nation, their language, their culture and history. In his vain and racistic effors to oppose and derail Karadžić's work, he was loner and loser - mainstream of the Croatian educated men, headed by Strossmayer and Gaj, highly appreciated and supported Karadžić. It was demonstrated publicly immediately after Karadžić's death - when Croatian Parliament (Sabor) collected a considerable amount of money in order to erect a monument to honor Karadžić in Croatia and the Court chanchellor Ivan Mažuranić got the Viennese Imperial Court to financially support the Karadžić' widow.
When Srbski dnevnik from Novi Sad published an article saying that "Croatians write in Serbian", Starčević wrote a fierce reply: (...) Instead of claiming that the Croats use anything else but the Croatian language, those writers who consider themselves Serbs (or whatever they like) would do well to write in the educated and pure Croatian language, like some of them are already doing, and they can call their language Coptic for all I care. (...) He published the reply as an unsigned article in Narodne novine, the newspaper of Ljudevit Gaj, so the Serbian side attacked Gaj, wrongly attributing the article to him. Starčević subsequently proclaimed he was the author, but Gaj, who cared to maintain good relations with Serbia, distanced himself from his friend.

For his political activity and literary work, Starčević is commonly called Father of the Nation (Otac domovine) in Croatia. His portrait is depicted on the obverse of the Croatian 1000 Croatian kuna banknote, issued in 1993.

Racism and antisemitism
Starčević was a racist and an anti-Semite. His understanding of the basic human rights and the way he linked them to the civil liberties were extremely primitive and selective. For example, Starčević criticized the socialism as "unshaped" and he was delighted by the colonialism and claimed that "Algeria should be densely populated by a few million of happy Frenchmen and not to allow to have one hundred fifty thousand of them against two and half million of Arabs".

Starčević had based his ideological views on writings of those ancient Greek writers who thought that some people, by their very nature, are slaves, for they had "just half of the human mind" and, for that reason, they "shall be governed by people of the human nature". About the people and nations which he saw as cursed and lower ranked races - he spoke as of the animal breeds and uses the "breed" word to mark them.
He wrote a whole tract about the Jews that could be summarized in a few sentences: "Jews ... are the breed, except a few, without any morality and without any homeland, the breed of which every unit strives to its personal gain, or to its relatives' gain. To let the Jews to participate in public life is dangerous: throw a piece of mud in a glass of the clearest water - then all the water will be puddled. That way the Jews spoiled and poisoned the French people too much".

But, for Starčević, there was a race worse than the Jews. For him, the "Slavoserb" notion was firstly of a political nature: the "Slavoserbs" are his political opponents who "sold themselves to a foreign rule". Then all those who favorably look on the South Slavs unity not regarding them (the South Slavs) as the Croats.
Later, and with years, Starčević more and more marked the "Slavoserbs" as a separate ethnic group, or - as he used to say the "breed", ranked, as humans, lower than the Jews: "The Jews are less harmful than the Slavoserbs. For the Jews care for themselves and their people ... but the Slavoserbs are always for the evil: if they cannot gain a benefit, then they tend to harm the good or just affair, or to harm those who are for the affair." - he wrote once.

Further, he claimed that the injustice was done to different "cursed breeds" what spoiled those breeds even more and made them "to be vengeful against their oppressors". As a convinced racist, he stresses that to the "cursed breeds", i.e. to the lower races should not be given any role in the public life.
As an aged man, he makes the Serbs identical to the "Slavoserb breed" and mocks them for their defeats they suffered long ago - which provoked negative reactions even in his "Party of Rights". On that occasion, the Party member Erazmo Barčić (1894.) described Starčević's mockery and racism as "throwing mud at people and primitive cheeky invectives".

However, when once face with negative reactions to his open racism, he temporarily retreated. That was a reason that he wrote an article in Sloboda, issue of 23 March, 1883: The main thing is this: everybody should work for the people and the homeland, and let them call themselves as they wish... We have disputes and dissensions only because they are supported and strengthened from the outside... We believe that hungry and cold Serbs and Croats feel the same... Therefore, everybody can assume the name of Hottentots, every person can choose their own name, as long as we are all free and happy!...
Starčević's racism and its followers
The British historian A.P.J.Taylor wrote (pages 188-189):

The Croat Diet was dominated by the Party of Right, which continued to demand the "state rights" of Croatia and still lived in the dream world of medieval law from which the Hungarians had escaped. The Party of Right was clerical, conservative, and pro-Habsburg; its only concession to nationalism was hostility to the Serbs, ... When some members of the Party of Right hesitated to make conflict with the Serbs their only political activity, the majority of the party reasserted itself as the Party of the Pure Right - meaning pure of any trace of reality.
Starčević's racism was further fully elaborated by Ivo Pilar [under pseudonym  L. von Südland] The book was translated into Croatian language in the year of 1943, by Pavelić's regime, as one of the tenets of his Ustaše and his Independent State of Croatia. This racist work was reprinted in 1990. In the preface to this reprint edition, Dr. Vladimir Veselica, a Zagreb University professor, expresses his enthusiasm that the author had given "relevant answers" at the highest intellectual level. What thrilled him so was the consistently expressed racist hatred against the Serbs. It is sufficient to submit one quotation that explains the sense and content of this book, which far outdoes the current demonization of the  Serbs: " it was not without reason that I tried to show how the Serbs today are dangerous for their ideas and their racial composition, how a bent for conspiracies, revolutions and coups is in their blood."
References
 Starčević Ante. "Pasmina slavoserbska po Hervatskoj"- Tisak Lav. Hartmánа i družbe, Zagreb, 1876.
 Nekolike uspomene od Ante Starčevića, Tisak narodne tiskarne, Zagreb, 1870 
 Mirjana Gross, Izvorno pravaštvo – ideologija, agitacija, pokret, Golden marketing, Zagreb, 2000.
 Barišić, Pavo, Ante Starčević (1823-1896) // Liberalna misao u Hrvatskoj / Feldman, Andrea ; *Stipetić, Vladimir ; Zenko, Franjo (ur.).Zagreb : Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung, 2000.
 Neke uspomene [Some Reminiscences], Djela dr. Ante Starčevića [The Works of Dr. Ante Starčević] [Zagreb, 1894]
 Na čemu smo [Where We Stand], Djela dr. Ante Starčevića [The Works of Dr. Ante Starčević][Zagreb, 1894]
 The Habsburg Monarchy, 1809-1918 : A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (Paperback) by A. J. P. Taylor, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1976
 Ante Starčević: kulturno-povijesna slika by Josip Horvat, 1940, reprinted in 1990
History of the Balkans (The Joint Committee on Eastern Europe Publication Series, No. 12) by Barbara Jelavich, Cambridge University Press 1983
 Parlamentarna povjest kraljevina Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije sa bilježkama iz političkoga, kulturnoga i društvenoga zivota, Napisao Martin Polić, Izlazi u dva diela Dio prvi: od godine 1860 do godine 1867, Zagreb Komisionalna naklada kr. sveucišlistne knjižare Franje Suppana (Roh, Ford, Auer) 1899
 Hrvatska misao: smotra za narodno gospodarstvo, književnost i politiku, 1902, Godina 1, Odgovorni urednik Dr. Lav Mazzura, Tiskara i litografija Mile Maravića - Milan Šarić: Život i rad dra Ante Starčevića
Footnotes

Other websites
 Nationalism and National Policy in Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945) 
  Nenad Miščević, "Ante Starčević – Između liberalizma i rasizma" Novi List, Rijeka, 25. February 2006.
 Ante Starčević 

1823 births
1896 deaths
Fascists
Croatian politicians
An oligosaccharide is a polymer of a few different simple sugars. Oligosacchardides are carbohydrates. When they are hydrolized, oligosaccharides give 3 to 10 monosaccharides.

Oligosacharides are formed when 3 to 10 monosaccharide units combine with each other by the loss of water molecules, resulting in the formation of a glycosidic linkage. Conversely hydrolysis of an oligosaccharide in water in the presence of an acid or enzyme yields 3 to 10 monosaccharide units. Oligosaccharides which consist of two monosaccharides units are called as disaccharide. Oligosaccharides containing 3 monosaccharides are called trisaccharides.

Carbohydrates
A think tank is a special organization which helps other organizations and groups with problems they do not know how to solve. They do this by providing data or knowledge, and by discussing the options in detail. They get their information by doing research, and by collecting ideas  and data from a wide range of sources.
Origins 
The first think tank was the British Royal United Services Institute (1831), though of course the term "think tank" is much later, post World War II. Non-government institutions in the United States started early in the 20th century. The Arthur D. Little consultancy, incorporated in 1909, pioneered the idea of contracted professional services. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was founded in 1910. The Institute for Government Research, which later merged into the Brookings Institution, was formed in 1916. Other early twentieth century organizations now classified as think tanks include the Hoover Institution (1919), and Chatham House in London (1920). The Great Depression and its aftermath spawned several economic policy organizations, such as the National Planning Association (1934) and the Committee for Economic Development (1943).
The cold war era 
Think tanks of the modern kind started after the Second World War, in the cold war era. The RAND Corporation was started in 1946 inside the Douglas Aircraft Company, and was set up as an independent corporation in 1948. The name was taken from R&D (research and development), though in fact it did no development. The RAND used the same operations research (O.R.) methods which scientists had developed during the war. This was the application of knowledge, scientific methods and thinking to solve the new problems posed by the war. After the war, the RAND used very similar techniques, mostly based on the hard sciences like maths, physics and economics. It was and still is funded mainly by the American government.
The cold war period raised the question of how the American government might handle nuclear weapons in bargaining and negotiating with the Soviet Union. This was the speciality of Herman Kahn, a RAND staff member who set up his own think tank in 1961, called the Hudson Institute. His publications on how to think about these issues, and those of Thomas Schelling, were landmarks in the post-war history of negotiating strategy.

Modern period 
More recently, think tanks have specialised into particular areas of interest, such as foreign policy. Many have become advocates for political interests, doing research which can be used by public relations and lobbying groups.

Related pages 
Lobbying

References
Albums

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As featured artist

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Discography
[[Discographies of American artists]]
A solar calendar is a calendar based on the  position of the earth in relation to the sun. There are tropical solar calendars.
There are non-solar calendars like sidereal calendars and lunar (moon) calendars As well as hybrids including lunisolar calendars, a hybrid of solar days and lunar months.

Other websites 
Jewish Calendar
Correspondence between Hebrew and Islamic calendars, months and holidays (pdf)

Calendars
Astronomy
Fox Major League Baseball (shortened as Fox MLB and MLB on FS1) is FOX Sports's broadcast of Major League Baseball. It began on June 1, 1996 and continue through at least 2021.

Early Years: 1996-2000 
Major League Baseball made a deal with FOX and NBC on November 7, 1995. FOX televised regular season games (about 16 weekly telecasts normally beginning on Memorial Day weekend) on Saturday afternoons, selected Division Series games, and alternated the All-Star Game, League Championship Series and the World Series with NBC each year. To better state this, FOX aired the All-Star Game aired American League Championship Series in odd-numbered years while airing the National League Championship Series and World Series in even-numbered years.

Exclusivity: 2001-2006 
In September 2000, Major League Baseball and FOX signed a 6-year contract to air Saturday baseball, the All-Star Game, selected Division Series games, and exclusive coverage of the League Championship Series and the World Series.
New Contract: 2007-2021 
Rumors about the end of Major League Baseball on FOX were laid to rest on July 11, 2006 when the network announced they would still air the World Series through the 2013 season. It was announced on October 17, 2006 that FOX would retain the All-Star Game and World Series, except they would air the regular season beginning with the first Saturday of the regular season, and postseason coverage beyond the World Series was limited to one League Championship Series a year, alternating one for the other with TBS each year, airing the other LCS.

Major League Baseball
Fox Broadcasting Company
In Major League Baseball, the National League Championship Series (NLCS), played in October, is a playoff round that decides the winner of the National League pennant. The winner of the series moves on to play the winner of the American League Championship Series in baseball's championship, the World Series.

History

In 1969, the LCS began play as the leagues were expanded to two divisions.  Initially, it was a best-of-five series.  In 1985, it became best-of-seven.  Since 1995, the two winners from the National League Division Series advance to the NLCS.

National League
The 2004 American League Championship Series (ALCS) was a best-of-seven playoff series in the 2004 Major League Baseball season. It featured the New York Yankees and the Boston Red Sox. The Red Sox beat the Yankees in seven games.  It was a rematch of the 2003 ALCS.

The Yankees won the first three games of the series.  The Red Sox then won the next four to win the series.  This was the first time a team won a best-of-seven playoff series after losing the first three games.

The Red Sox would go on to win the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals in four games.  It was the Red Sox's first World Series title since 1918.

American League
New York Yankees
Boston Red Sox
2004 in sports
2004 in New York City
2000s in Boston
Verizon Communications Inc. (), is a telephone, internet service provider, and television company in the United States. It also owns a mobile phone company, Verizon Wireless. Verizon was created in 2000 by merging GTE and Bell Atlantic. These companies had already absorbed other companies, some of them more than a hundred years old. The biggest ones were formerly owned by AT&T.

In 2015, Verizon bought the Internet company AOL, and the next year it bought Yahoo!. Both of these purchases were for about US$4.4 billion. Today, both AOL and Yahoo! are part of a subsidiary created by Verizon called Oath Inc.

Verizon is one of the few publicly-traded companies to have a stock on both the NYSE and the NASDAQ. Its NYSE listing has been one of the 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 2004.

References

Telecommunications
American internet service providers
American telephone companies
American television providers
Companies based in New York City
1983 establishments in the United States
Devil's food cake is an old fashioned chocolate cake made of chocolate or cocoa and baking powder. It is moist, soft, rich, and very good for keeping. It is a light-textured chocolate layer-type cake with a deep reddish brown color. The cake gets this bright red color from the large amount of red food dye used in the preparation. Devil's food cake is usually thought of in terms of dark chocolate, but originally it was red. Today cooks, using modern processed cocoa, sometimes add a touch of red food coloring to bring back the authentic color.

Devil's food cakes can be stored in the refrigerator for about 3 days.

Variations
The Devil's food cake may also be called a Red velvet cake.

References

Cakes
The partridge is a medium sized bird. They are known as game birds because they are hunted and eaten by humans. They are in the Pheasant family (Phasianidae).

Partridges are in the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas". The line "...and a Partridge in a pear tree" is sung.

Color and shape 

Most partridges are brown, gray and white. They are camouflaged and difficult to see. They have short legs and short bills. Partridges are smaller than Pheasants but they are bigger than Quails.

Partridges can not fly very well and they do not migrate. This means they always stay in the same area all year round.

Habitat 

Partridges live in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. They live in places such as moors, grassland and farmland. They feed mostly on seeds, and nest on the ground. This means their nests are not very safe from predators such as foxes. Partridges use their camouflage to make it difficult for predators to see them and their nests.

Phasianidae
Bromsgrove is a town in the north of Worcestershire. The town is about  north-east of Worcester and  south-west of Birmingham. 29,237 people lived there in 2001.

Geography 
The layer of rock underneath Bromsgrove is mainly sandstone.  The soil is very good for growing vegetables. The altitude of the town is  above sea level.

Climate 
The climate in Bromsgrove is like most of the United Kingdom. It is an "oceanic climate." This means it is cool in summer and not very cold in winter. It can rain at any time of the year.

Transport 

The main A38 road goes through Bromsgrove. The M5 motorway passes by the west side of the town. The M42 motorway starts at the north of the town.
Bromsgrove train station is in the south of the town. The station is at the bottom of the "Lickey Incline".  The Lickey Incline is the steepest hill for trains in Britain. An extra locomotive has to help push heavy freight trains up the hill. There are many passenger trains to Birmingham, Worcester and Hereford. There is a plan to build a new, better train station in Bromsgrove. The new station will cost about £10 million to £12 million.

There is also a bus station in the town centre. Buses travel from the bus station to many places in Worcestershire and the West Midlands.

References

Towns in Worcestershire
Diploglossus is a genus of lizards in the family Anguidae.  It has nineteen described species. They are found in North and South America.

References

Anguids
Reptiles of North America
Reptiles of South America
Graham's number (G) is a very big natural number that was defined by a man named Ronald Graham. Graham was solving a problem in an area of mathematics called Ramsey theory. He proved that the answer to his problem was smaller than Graham's number.

Graham's number is one of the biggest numbers ever used in a mathematical proof. Even if every digit in Graham's number were written in the tiniest writing possible, it would still be too big to fit in the observable universe.

Context

Ramsey theory is an area of mathematics that asks questions like the following:

It turns out that for this simple problem, the answer is "yes" when we have 6 or more points, no matter how the lines are colored. But when we have 5 points or fewer, we can color the lines so that the answer is "no".
By asking that the 4 points lie on a plane, we have made the problem much harder. We would like to know: for what values of n is the answer "no" (for some way of coloring the lines), and for what values of n is it "yes" (for all ways of coloring the lines)? But this problem has not been completely solved yet.

In 1971, Ronald Graham and B. L. Rothschild found a partial answer to this problem. They showed that for n=6, the answer is "no". But when n is very large, as large as Graham's number or larger, the answer is "yes".

One of the reasons this partial answer is important is that it means that the answer is eventually "yes" for at least some large n. Before 1971, we didn't know even that much.

There is a much smaller limit for the same problem called N. It is equal to , where . This weaker upper bound for the problem, attributed to an unpublished work of Graham, was eventually published and named by Martin Gardner in Scientific American in November 1977.

Definition
Definition

Graham's number is not only too big to write down all of its digits, it is too big even to write in scientific notation. In order to be able to write it down, we have to use Knuth's up-arrow notation.

We will write down a sequence of numbers that we will call g1, g2, g3, and so on. Each one will be used in an equation to find the next. g64 is Graham's number.

First, here are some examples of up-arrows:
is 3x3x3 which equals 27. An arrow between two numbers just means the first number multiplied by itself the second number of times.
 One can think of  as  because two arrows between numbers A and B just means A written down a B number of times with an arrow in between each A. Because we know what single arrows are,  is 3 multiplied by itself  times and we know  is twenty-seven. So  is 3x3x3x3x....x3x3, in total 27 times. That equals 7,625,597,484,987. 
  is  and we know  is 7,625,597,484,987. So  is . That can also be written as  with a total of 7,625,597,484,987 3s. This number is so huge, its digits, even written very small, could fill up the observable universe and beyond. 
 Although this number may already be beyond comprehension, this is barely the start of this giant number.
 The next step like this is  or . This is the number we will call the grahal (g1).

After that, the graham grahal (g2) is equal to ; the number of arrows in this number is g1.
Next, g3 is equal to , where the number of arrows is g2.

We keep going in this way. We stop when we define g64 to be , where the number of arrows is g63.

This is Graham's number.

Related pages
 Knuth's up-arrow notation

Combinatorics
Hyperoperations
Integers
Laguna City is a little city of south of the Brazil, in Santa Catarina State.  This city have more than 50000 people.  It was the capital of the short-lived Juliana Republic in 1839.  The city is known for having dolphins

Some popular beaches of this city:
Mar Grosso beach
Iró beach
Gravatá beach
Gi beach.

Cities in Santa Catarina
Tak'alik A'baj'  is an ancient ruin in Guatemala; it used to be called Abaj Takalik. It is one of several Mesoamerican sites that have Olmec and Maya features. The site was inhabited the during the Preclassic and Classic periods, from the 9th century BC through to at least the 10th century AD. It was an important place for trade. It traded with Kaminaljuyu and Chocolá. It is one of the largest sites with carved monuments on the Pacific coast. Olmec-style sculptures include a possible colossal head, rock carvings and others. The site has one of the biggest collections of Olmec-style sculpture outside of the Gulf of Mexico.

Takalik Abaj shows the first signs of Maya culture that happened by about 400 BC. The site includes a Maya royal tomb and examples of Maya writing that are among the first from the Maya region. Studies continue at the site; the monumental buildings and long tradition of sculpture in a variety of styles suggest the site was important.
Finds from the site indicate contact with the distant city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico. They imply that Takalik Abaj was conquered by it or its allies. Takalik Abaj was linked to long-distance Maya trade routes that let the city take part in a trade network that included the Guatemalan highlands and the Pacific coastal plain from Mexico to El Salvador.

Takalik Abaj was a large city with the main buildings in four main groups spread across nine terraces. While some of these were natural, others were man-made, needing a lot of work and materials. The site had a clever water drainage system and many stone sculptures.

Notes

References

Other websites

Takalik Abaj at The Guatemala Times online . Information and news in English, some by investigating archaeologists.
Site description and gallery 

History of Mesoamerica
Maya civilization
Archaeological sites in Guatemala
Currys is a British electrical retailer operating in the UK and Ireland.

In 2009, some Curry stores in the UK were combined with the PCWorld name

References

Other websites
Currys (UK) 
Currys (IRL) 
Moneysavingexpert Forum re: Currys Customer Service

British shops
Alfonso García Robles (20 March 1911 – 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician. 
García Robles received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982, together with Sweden's Alva Myrdal. García Robles was  the driving force behind the Treaty of Tlatelolco. This treaty established a nuclear-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean.

1911 births
1991 deaths
Diplomats
Mexican Nobel  Prize winners
Mexican politicians
People from Michoacán
Ouangolodougou, Côte d'Ivoire is a small town in the northern part of Ivory Coast, a country in western Africa. It is located in the Ferkessédougou Department. Ouangolodougou is near the border of Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso.

Cities in Ivory Coast
A Pinto horse is a spotted horse. They are not a breed, but a coat color. In fact, any horse breed can be a Pinto as long as they have patches of white or another color. Pintos are often confused with Paints, a horse breed. They look very similar. The difference is that a Paint is a breed, and a Pinto is a coat color that can be on any breed, including Paints.

History 
Pintos are so old that they were found in tombs in Ancient Egypt dating back to 4 B.C.  In the 16th century Cortez brought thousands to the New World. Some of them were set free, and Native Americans caught them. The Native Americans liked them for their toughness and their color. Their color blended in with the environment and made a natural camouflage. They were known to make great war horses. Their name came from the Spanish word pintado, which means “painted”.
Color 
Pintos have pink skin, blue eyes, and white or multicolored hooves.  They can be either a white horse with colored patches, or a colored horse with white patches. It has been said that no two Pintos are exactly alike.

Patterns 
Pintos have 3 different patterns:
Tobiano: The Tobiano is the most common. They are white, with large colored spots that often overlap.
Overo: A colored horse with jagged white markings.
Tovero: A Tovero is a mix of Tobiano and Overo.

Type 
Pintos come in 4 different types:
Stock: A Western horse, usually a Quarter Horse or a Paint
Hunter: An English horse, usually a Thoroughbred or a European Warmblood
Pleasure: Usually an Arabian, Andalusian, or a Morgan
Saddle: A gaited horse, usually a Saddlebred, Hackney, or a Tennessee Walker

Size 
Pintos come in 4 different sizes:
Miniature: usually about 34 inches.
Miniature B: usually about 34-38 inches.
Pony: usually about 38-56 inches.
Horse: 56 inches and up.

Related pages
Horse

References 

Horses
Darrell Lee Waltrip (born February 5, 1947) is a retired American racecar driver. Waltrip won three Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series championships and 84 races, including the 1989 Daytona 500. He is now part of the broadcast team for Fox Sports. Waltrip’s younger brother, Michael Waltrip, owned and raced for his own team in NASCAR. In June of 2011 Waltrip was given a spot in the NASCAR Hall of Fame. He is a part of the Hall of Fame class of 2012.

References

Other websites

1947 births
Living people
Daytona 500 winners
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Kentucky
People from Owensboro, Kentucky
The Black Forest cake, also called Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte, is an authentic German cake made up of a chocolate layer cake with cherries in the middle and whipped cream on top. They are traditionally made with fresh Morello cherries, poached in a sugar syrup and pitted. It is a variation of the chocolate cake, and sometimes decorated with chocolate curls.

Gallery

References 

Cakes
German food
Jeremy Charles Robert Clarkson (born 11 April 1960) is an English author, broadcaster, journalist, talk show host. He is best known for presenting BBC television show Top Gear with Richard Hammond and James May. He is also known for controversial remarks.

He also writes columns for The Sunday Times and The Sun.

Clarkson was ranked 49th on Motor Trend Magazine's Power List for 2011. It is a list of the fifty most important figures in the automotive industry.

On 26 March 2015, while Clarkson was not allowed to be at work, the BBC announced it will not keep paying him after he said cruel things to and attacked a producer.

Shows he has appeared in

Presenter

Other roles

Books he has written

 Two books with the best columns from previous publications, called "The Collected Thoughts Of Clarkson" and "Never Played Golf" were issued by Top Gear Magazine, in 2003 and 2004.

References
References

1960 births
Living people
English journalists
English television presenters
People from Doncaster
Television personalities from Yorkshire
Writers from Yorkshire
Sydney William Ward (5 August 1907 – 31 December 2010) was an Australian-born New Zealand cricketer. 

Ward was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He is the second longest-lived cricketer, behind England's Jim Hutchinson, who at the time of his death was 103 years and 344 days old.

References 

1907 births
2010 deaths
New Zealand cricketers
Sportspeople from Sydney
Hypothermia is a condition when a person is so cold that the body temperature drops below normal. Hypothermia is any body temperature lower than . Someone with hypothermia starts shivering and cannot stop. The person then becomes confused and acts strange. Their words don't make sense and they may be clumsy. Sometimes they become very tired. If someone gets hypothermia, wrap the person in blankets and take them to the hospital. If that's impossible, warm up the person slowly and give them a warm drink.

Mild 
When hypothermia begins, a person feels cold, starts shivering and cannot stop. The person cannot do complicated things with his or her hands. They are also unable to touch their thumb with their little finger, because their hand muscles don't work well.
Mild hypothermia is sometimes used on purpose by doctors for treating some medical problems. It takes blood away from the skin, hands and feet, and puts it to the brain and important internal organs. This helps when the person is bleeding from cuts or other wounds, and also helps when the patient goes into cardiac arrest.

Moderate (Middle) 
The person begins shivering very strongly. Their large muscles do not work well. They move slowly and with difficulty, growing a little confused and walking unsteadily. The person becomes pale, and lips, ears, fingers, and toes might become blue. This is because the body is trying to keep the most important organs warm. The person might feel sick in their stomach and very tired, wanting to go to sleep, anywhere.
Severe 
Body temperature drops even more, but the person usually stops shivering. They cannot talk clearly; they think slowly, and they cannot move their hands. Sometimes a person will feel suddenly warm, as if they are getting better, but this just means they are getting worse. They may take off warm clothes or lay down to go to sleep. If this continues, they cannot walk or answer questions. Their pulse becomes weaker, but the heart may beat faster. Finally, the person dies.

Related pages 
 Hyperthermia

References

Other websites 

 Princeton Outdoor Guide to Hypothermia
 eMedicine: Hypothermia
 Wilderness Management of Hypothermia

Health problems
Rapids are found on rivers. Rapids are formed by one or more of the following:  constriction, obstruction, gradient, and flow rate.  For instance, when water is flowing swiftly over a rocky river bed, rapids can be formed.  Rapids are typically found in or near the mountains, due to the element of gradient.  Formally, the word "rapids" is always plural, (like "scissors" and "trousers"), but is often used in the singular when speaking of a specific rapid or when it would be grammatically awkward; e.g., "Sweet's Falls Rapids vs. Sweet's Falls Rapid).  The word "rapid" means "very fast."

Because of the splash made by the water going over rocks, rapids are also called "whitewater". Some people enjoying whitewater canoeing or whitewater rafting as a sport.

Related pages  
 Waterfall

Rivers
Wáray-Wáray or Warai (commonly spelled as Waray; also Winaray or Lineyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Leyte, and Biliran in the Philippines.

The Waraynon group of languages consists of Waray, Waray Sorsogon and Masbate Sorsogon. All the Warayan languages belong to the Visayan language family and are related to Cebuano and more closely to Hiligaynon and Masbatenyo.

Usage
Waray-Waray is one of the ten officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines and used in the local government. It is spoken throughout the islands especially in the Eastern Visayas region. But it is also spoken in some parts of Mindanao, Masbate, Sorsogon and Metro Manila where Warays went to. There is also a very small number of Filipinos abroad, especially in the United States, that speaks this language.
Sounds
The Waray language has sixteen consonants: . There are three main vowels: a , i , and u . Consonants  and  were once allophone but cannot interchange, like palaron (to be lucky) [from palad, palm (because someone's luck is seen in the palm)] but not paladon and tagadiín (from where) [from diín, where] but not tagariín.

Numbers
Native numbers are used for numbers one through ten. From eleven onwards, Spanish numbers are exclusively used in Waray today, their native counterparts being almost unheard of by the majority of native speakers numbers (except for gatus for hundred and yukot for thousand). Some, specially the old ones, are spoken alongside the Spanish counterparts.
Some common words and phrases
Below are examples of the Waray spoken in Metropolitan Tacloban and the nearby areas:
 Can you understand Waray?: Nakakaintindi / Nasabut ka hin Winaray? (hin or hiton)
 Good morning (noon / afternoon / evening): Maupay nga aga (udto / kulop / gab-i)
 Thank you: Salamat
 I love you: Hinihigugma ko ikaw or Ginhihigugma ko ikaw or Pina-ura ta ikaw
 Where are you from? : Taga diin ka? or Taga nga-in ka? 
  What is your name? : Ano it imo ngaran?
 Who are you?: Hin-o ka?
 How are you? : Kumusta ka na?
 I'm fine / In God's will: Kalu-oy sa Dyos
 How much is this? : Tag pira ini?
 I like this / that:  Karuyag ko ini / itun
 I can't understand: Diri ako nakakaintindi or Diri ako nakakasabut
 I don't know: Diri ako maaram or Ambot
 What: Ano
 Who: Hin-o
 Where: Hain or Di-in
 When (future): San-o
 When (past): Kakan-o
 Why: Kay-ano
 How: Gin-aano?/Patiunan-o?
 Yes: Oo
 No: Dire / Diri
 There: Adto or Didto or Ngad-to
 Here: Didi or Nganhi or Din-hi
 Up: Igbaw
 Down: Ubos
 Top: Baw-baw
Top: Baw-baw
 Bottom: Ilarom or Sirong
 Right: Tu-o
 Left: Wala
 Far: Harayu / Harayo
 Near: Hirane / Hirani
 Front or in front: Atubang or Atubangan
 Night: Gab-i
 Day: Adlaw
 Nothing: Waray
 Good: Maupay
 Beautiful: Mahusay
 Handsome: Gwapo
 Boy: Lalaki
 Girl: Babayi
 Gay: Bayot
 Lesbian: Lesbyana
 I'm a friend of...: Sangkay ak ni...
 I'm lost here: Nawawara ak didi.
 Maybe: Bangin
 I wish...: Kunta
Other common words

Technical terms
 Gold - Bulawan
 Steel - Puthaw
 Car - Awto / Sarakyan / Kotchi / Sasakyan
 Airplane - Edro / Eroplano
 Airport - Lupadan / Landingan

Astronomical terms
 Earth - Kalibutan
 Moon - Bulan; Indonesian - Bulan
 Sun - Adlaw
 Star - Bituon Indonesian - bintang

Natural terms
 Wind - Hangin; Indonesian - Angin
 Fire - Kalayo
 Land - Tuna; Indonesian - Tanah
 Water - Lawod / Tubig
 Nature - Libong
 Mountain - Bukid; Indonesian - Bukit
 Sea - Dagat
 Ocean - Kalawdan Indonesian - Laut i.e. ka-laut-an
 Island - Puro / Isla Indonesian - Pulau
 Archipelago - Kapuruan; Indonesian - Kepulauan
 River - Salog
 Lake - Danaw; Indonesian - Danau

Parts of the house
 House - Balay or Payag
 Room - Kwarto or Sulod
 Bedroom - Sulod-Katurugan
 Kitchen - Kusina
 Outdoor Kitchen - Abuhan
Living Room - Sala
 Dining Room - Kaunan
 Bathroom - Kubeta / Kasilyas / Karigu-an / Banyo
Stairs - Hagdan / Hagdanan
Garage - Garahe / Garahi
Roof - Atup / Atop
Members of the Family
 Father - Amay / Tatay / Papa
 Mother - Iroy / Nanay / Mama
 Child - Anak
Son - Anak nga Lalaki
Daughter - Anak nga Babayi
Sibling - Bugto
 Brother - Bugto nga lalaki
 Sister - Bugto nga Babayi
 Grandparent - Apoy
Grandfather - Lolo
Grandmother - Lola
 Cousin - Patod
 Nephew/Niece - Umangkon
 Son-in-Law/Daughter-in-Law - Umagad
 Brother-in-Law - Bayaw
Sister-in-Law - Hipag
 Father-in-Law/Mother-in-Law - Ugangan
 Oldest Child - Suhag
 Youngest Child - Puto or Pudo

Fashion words
 Hat - Kalo
Pants - Saruwal
 Clothes - Bado / Duros
 Belt - Paha
Socks - Medyas
Shoes - Sapatos

Food
 Bread - Tinapay
 Rice (cooked) - Kan-on / Luto
Rice (unhusked and raw) - Bugas
Rice (still in husk) - Humay
Rice (charred) - Tukag
 Viand - Sura
 Coffee - Kape
Sugar - Asukar
Salt - Asin
Soy Sauce - Toyo
 Vinegar - Suoy / Suka
Animals
 Dog - Ayam / Iru / Ido
 Cat - Uding / Misay
 Rat - Yatot / Yatut
 Crocodile - Buaya
 Bird - Tamsi
 Snake - Halas
Cow - Baka
Pig - Baboy
Goat - Kanding
 Carabao - Karabaw
Fish - Isda
 Crab - Masag
Shrimp - Pasayan
 Lobster - Tapusok

Waray-Waray loanwords and cognates

Common Waray Waray words and its foreign and local origin

Indonesian/Malay Cognates
 Mulay (English: to play)- from Indonesian mulai
 Balay (English: house) - from Indonesian balai
 Sarapati (English: pigeon) - from Indonesian merpati
 Kapuruan (English: archipelago) - from Indonesian/Malay kepulauan
 Posporo (English: match) - from Indonesian/Malay posporo
 Mata (English: eyes) - from Indonesian/Malay mata
 Bulan (English: moon/month) - from Indonesian/Malay bulan
 Ini (English: this/these) - from Indonesian/Malay ini
 Kamo (English: you [plural]) - from Indonesian/Malay kamu
Spanish
 Abandonada (Spanish: Abandonado/a) – abandoned
 Abaniko (Spanish: Abanico) – fan
 Abriha (Spanish: Abrir, Filipino: Abrihin) – to open
 Abrelata (Spanish: Abrelatas) – tin-opener/can opener
 Abril (Spanish: Abril) – April
 Abogado (Spanish: Abogado) – lawyer, attorney
 Aborido (Spanish: Aburrido) – bored (used in Tagalog as 'anxious, confused')
 Akasya (Spanish: Acacia) – acacia tree
 Aksidente (Spanish: Accidente) – accident
 Adurnuha (Spanish: Adornar, Filipino: Adurnuhan) – to decorate
 Agrabiyado (Spanish: Agraviado) – being aggrieved
 Aginaldo (Spanish: Aguinaldo) – Christmas gift
 Agosto (Spanish: Agosto) – August
 Ahensiya (Spanish: Agencia) – agency
 Ahente (Spanish: Agente) – agent
 Alahas (Spanish: Alhaja) – jewel
 Alambre (Spanish: Alambre) – wire
 Alkansiya (Spanish: Alcancía) – piggy bank
 Alpilir (Spanish: Alfiler) – pin
 Alsaha (Spanish: Alzar, Filipino: Alsahin) – Ambisyoso (Spanish: Ambicioso) – ambitious
Ambisyon (Spanish: Ambición) – ambitionArbularyo (Spanish: Herbolario) - Medicine man (from "Herbo" -herb)
 Arina (Spanish: Harina) – flour
 Arkitekto (Spanish: Arquitecto) – architect
 Armado (Spanish: Armado) – armed
 Armibal (Spanish: Almíbar) – syrup
 Artista (Spanish: Artista) – artist (used in Waray Waray as 'actor/actress')
 Ariyos (Spanish: Arreos) – tack (used in Waray Waray as 'earrings')
 Asintado (Spanish: Asentado) – settled
 Asero (Spanish: Acero) – steel
 Asno (Spanish: Asno) – donkey
 Asoge (Spanish: Azogue) – mercury
 Asosasyon (Spanish: Asociación) – association
 Asukar (Spanish: Azúcar) – sugar
 Asul (Spanish: Azul) – blue
 Asyatiko (Spanish: Asiatico) – Asian
 Intyendeha (Spanish: Atender) – to attend to
 Atrasado (Spanish: Atrasado) – overdue, slow (clock), backward (used in Waray Waray as 'late')
 Ayudaha (Spanish: Ayudar, Filipino: Ayudahan) – to help
 Banyo/Kasilyas (Spanish: Baño) – bathroom, toilet
 Baraha (Spanish: Baraja) – deck of playing cards
Baratilyo (Spanish: Baratillo) – flea market (used in Waray Waray as 'bargain sale')
 Barato (Spanish: Barato) – cheap
 Barbero (Spanish: Barbero) – barber
 Barbula (Spanish: Válvula) – valve
 Bareta (Spanish Bareta) – bar
 Bagahe (Spanish: Bagaje) – baggage
 Baho (Spanish : Vaho) – steam (used in Waray Waray as 'foul smell')
 Bintana (Spanish: Ventana) – window
 Bintilador (Spanish: Ventilador) – electric fan
 Birhen (Spanish: Virgen) – virgin
 Bisagra (Spanish: Bisagra) – hinge
 Bisikleta (Spanish: Bicicleta) – bicycle
 Bisitaha (Spanish: Visitar) – to visit
 Botika/Botica/Parmasya/Farmacia - drugstore, pharmacy
 Conbensido (Spanish: Convencido) - convinced
 Demanda (Spanish: Demanda) – demand
 Demokrasiya (Spanish: Democracia) – democracy
 Demonyo (Spanish:Demonio) – demon, evil spirit
 Huygo (Spanish:Juego)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambling'
 Hugador (Spanish:Jugador)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambler'
 Dentista (Spanish: Dentista) – dentist
Departamento (Spanish: Departamento) – department, bureau
 Depensa (Spanish: Defensa) – defense
 Deposito (Spanish: Depósito) – depot (fuel), deposit (money)
 Desisyon (Spanish: Decisión) – decision
Diyos/a (Spanish: Dios/a) – god/goddess
 Doble (Spanish: Doble) – double
 Doktor/a (Spanish: Doctor/a) – doctor
 Don (Spanish: Don) – Mr. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich man)
 Donya (Spanish: Doña) – Mrs. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich woman)
 Dos (Spanish: Dos) – two
 Dose (Spanish: Doce) – twelve
 Dosena (Spanish: Docena) – dozen
 Drama (Spanish: Drama) – drama
 Droga (Spanish: Droga) – drugs
 Karsonsilyo/Carsoncillo (Spanish: Carsoncillo) – boxer shorts (used in Waray Waray as 'shorts')
 Marigoso (Spanish: Amargoso) - bittermelon
 Padre (Spanish: Padre) - father (used in Waray Waray as a title for a Roman Catholic priest)

Portuguese
 Porta (Portuguese: Porta) - door
 Multo (Portuguese: Morto) - ghost
Nahuatl
 Achuete (Nahuatl: Achiotl; Mexican Spanish: Achiote) – annatto seeds used to give food a reddish color
 Kakao/Kakaw (Cacao) (Nahuatl: Cacahuatl) – cacao or cocoa
 Sayote (Nahuatl: Chayotli; Mexican Spanish: Chayote) – a Mexican squash
 Tiyangge (Nahuatl: Tianquiztli; Mexican Spanish: Tianguis) – seasonal markets
 Tsokolate (Nahuatl: Xocolatl) – chocolate

Chinese
 Bakya (Fukien Chinese) – native wooden sandals
 Bihon – Vermicelli (made of rice flour)
 Bitsin (Fukien Chinese: Bi chhin) – monosodium glutamate
 Jueteng (Fukien Chinese) – illegal numbers game
 Lumpia (Fukien Chinese) – spring rolls
English
 Basket – basket
 Basketbol – basketball
 Basketbulan - basketball court
 Bilib - believe
 Bilyar - billiard
 Bilyaran - billiard hall
 Chiki - check
 Dyeepnee – jeep
 Elementari – elementary
 Ekonomiks - economics
 Eksport – export
 Ekpres - express
 Erkon - air con
 Greyd – grade
 Groseri – grocery
 Hai Skul – High School
 Iskor – score
 Iskrin – screen
 Ispiker - speaker
 Keyk – cake
 Kostomer/Kustomer – customer
 Kompyuter – computer
 Kondisyoner - conditioner
 Kontrol - control
 Krim - cream
 Kukis - cookies
 Lider – leader
 Losyon - lotion
 Manedyer – manager
 Masel – muscle
 Makroekonomiks - macroeconomics
 Maikroekonomiks - microeconomics
 Isparkol - sparkle

Cebuano
 Bana (Cebuano: Bana) - husband

Related pages
 Waray Wikipedia

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Radyo Waraynon - Waraynon Internet Radio Station 
 Waray Museum Blog featuring Waray literature
 Online Lineyte-Samarnon (Waray)-English Dictionary (also with Videos, Photos, Music, News, Local Destinations) 
 Waray lessons 
 Bansa.org Waray Dictionary 
 Ethnologue Report for Waray
 A downloadable Waray dictionary with etymologies and Cebuano, Tagalog cognates by Andras Rajki 
 Waray Explained  (Online Tutorial)

Austronesian languages
Languages of the Philippines
James Ewell Brown Stuart (1833-1864) was a general in the Confederate army during the American Civil War.  He was from Virginia.  During the war, he was known for dangerous things he did while riding a horse.  He was killed at the Battle of Yellow Tavern in 1864.

Sources

1833 births
1864 deaths
Confederate Army generals
Military people from Virginia