Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Delta II rockets were based on the Thor rockets built in the 1950's. These were used to carry Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles. The first Thor was launched on January 26, 1957. The Delta II rocket was first launched on 14 February 1989. The rocket was developed after the explosion of the  in 1986. The US Air Force needed another way to launch its GPS satellites. As of 2018, there had been 156 Delta II launches from both Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and the Vandenberg Air Force Base. Only two launches were unsuccessful. On 5 August 1995, a rocket motor failure meant the Koreasat 1 was put into a lower orbit. On 17 January 1997, Delta 241 carrying the GPS IIR-1 exploded 13 seconds after taking off.

The last time the Delta II took off on 15 September 2018, when she carried the ICESat-2 satellite.

References

Related pages 
 Delta IV

Rockets
Bell's palsy is a  paralysis of the face on one side. It is caused by inflammation of a facial nerve. The sufferer cannot move the muscles on the affected side of the face.  

Several conditions can cause facial paralysis, such as brain tumors, strokes, and Lyme disease. Bell's palsy is named after Scottish anatomist Charles Bell. Bell first described the disease. It is the most common acute disease involving only one nerve, and it is the most common cause of sudden facial nerve paralysis.
Bell's palsy usually cures itself, sometimes in a few weeks. Corticosteroids (cortisone steroids) have been found to improve the condition while anti-viral drugs have not. Early treatment is necessary for steroids or drugs to be effective, but it is controversial wether or not they work.  Most people recover spontaneously and achieve near-normal to normal functions. Some people however will never regain full facial movement, or it may take a longer time. Many show signs of improvement as early as 10 days after the onset, even without treatment.

Often those suffering from Bell's palsy cannot open the eye in the affected side. The eye must be protected from drying up, or the cornea may be permanently damaged. The affected eye may need to be taped shut when sleeping.

References 

Diseases and disorders of the nervous system
Sauli Väinämö Niinistö (born 24 August 1948) is the 12th and current President of Finland.

A lawyer by education, Niinistö was Minister of Finance from 1996 to 2003 and the National Coalition Party candidate in the 2006 presidential election. He served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland from 2007 to 2011 and has been the Honorary President of the European People's Party (EPP) since 2002.

Niinistö was the National Coalition Party candidate in the 2012 presidential election, beating Pekka Haavisto of the Green League with 62.6% of the vote in the decisive second round. Niinistö assumed office on 1 March 2012, and is the first president from the National Coalition Party since Juho Kusti Paasikivi, who left office in 1956.

Niinistö served on the municipal council of Salo from 1977 to 1992 and was elected a Member of the Finnish Parliament (Eduskunta) from the district of Finland Proper in 1987. In 1994 he was chosen to lead the National Coalition Party as the party chairman
Niinistö's first wife Marja-Leena Niinistö died in a car accident in 1995. Niinistö married his second wife Jenni Haukio (born 1977) in January 2009.

References

Presidents of Finland
1948 births
Living people
Current national leaders
Speakers of the Parliament of Finland
Deputy Prime Ministers of Finland
Claude Dubar (born 11 December 1945) is an academic French sociologist.

Biography 
After his teaching experience at Beirut, Lebanon in 1974, he became professor at the Lille University of Science and Technology in 1977. His thesis focuses on vocational training in France

In 1988, he joined the Centre d'études et de recherches sur les qualifications (Centre for Studies and Research on Qualifications) in Paris, researching relations between the sociology of education and work, and especially the sociology of professional identities.

Since 1993 till ???, he has been a sociology teacher at the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. In 2012, he is Emeritus Professor (retired, with an honorific position given by Université).
Further reading 
 Faire de la sociologie, un parcours d'enquêtes (Doing sociology, a survey path), 2006.
 Sociologie des professions (Sociology of professions), 2005.
 Analyser les entretiens biographiques (Analyze the biographical interviews), with Didier Demazière, 2004. ()
 La Socialisation, construction des identités sociales et professionnelles (Socialization, construction of social and professional identities), 2002, Armand Colin. ()
 La Crise des identités (Crisis of Identity), 2001. (), 2010, PUF. ()
 La Promotion sociale en France (Social Promotion in France), with Charles Gadea, 1999.
 Genèse et dynamique des groupes professionnels (Genesis and dynamic professional groups), with Yvette Lucas, 1994.
 La Formation professionnelle continue (Continuing Professional Education), thesis, 1984.

References

1945 births
French sociologists
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University faculty
Living people
Grus is a genus of large birds in the crane family.

Species
 Common crane, Grus grus
 Sandhill crane, Grus canadensis
 Lesser sandhill crane or Little Brown Crane, Grus (canadensis) canadensis
 Greater sandhill crane, Grus (canadensis) pratensis
 Whooping crane, Grus americana
 Sarus crane, Grus antigone
 Brolga, Grus rubicunda
 Siberian crane, Grus leucogeranus
 White-naped crane, Grus vipio
 Hooded crane, Grus monacha
 Black-necked crane, Grus nigricollis
 Red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis
Jimmy Baker (born as Pintjutjara; about 1915 – 20 April 2010) was an Australian Aboriginal artist.

Early life
Jimmy Baker was born some time around 1915. He was born at Malumpa, an old camping site near what is now Kaṉpi in north-western South Australia. His name at the time was Pintjutjara. He had a brother, Toby Ginger Baker, and a sister, Tjuwilya. He and his family lived a traditional, nomadic life in the desert, and had no contact with Euro-Australian society. Their first encounter with White people was in the early 1920s, with a group of Christian missionaries travelling from Ernabella to Warburton. On their way back, the missionaries tried to persuade the family to come with them to Ernabella, but Jimmy's father, Tjuwintjara, was not ready to give up life in the bush.
When Jimmy was a teenager, his father encountered an expedition led by anthropologist Ted Strehlow. Strehlow gave Tjuwintjara food in exchange for his help as a guide. Strehlow also gave the family a letter that entitled them to access the food stores at Ernabella. Because of this, the family decided to leave the desert behind, and they finally settled at Ernabella a short time after 1930.

Jimmy's father remained very traditional. He was well known for his survival skills and knowledge of the desert. In 1939, he acted as a guide for Strehlow and Charles Duguid on their expedition to the Petermann Ranges.
After settlement
At Ernabella, Jimmy's first job was baking bread. Because of this, he was given the surname "Baker", and he chose the Christian name of "Jimmy" himself. Later, he got a job building fences on nearby stations, first at Kenmore Park and then Everard Park. In the late 1930s, Jimmy got married to a woman named Nyinmungka, who he met while working at Everard Park. The two of them moved back to Kenmore Park to live. They had one son and two daughters: Anton, Kay and Marita. All of Jimmy's children became artists and founding members of the Tjunga Palya centre.

In his later years, Jimmy became an important ngangkaṟi (traditional healer). He travelled far around central Australia, applying his traditional knowledge and skills. He and his wife lived in Kaltjiti, but Jimmy wanted to move closer to his family's homeland near Malumpa. In the early 1990s, he and two of his nephews, Ivan and Douglas Baker, established Kaṉpi as an outstation for their families.
Artwork
Jimmy did not begin painting until 2004, six years before his death. Until about the 1980s, men's traditional art was widely considered sacred by Pitjantjatjara, and was not displayed in public like women's art was. Pintupi men in the north began painting in the 1970s, at Papunya Tula. This was considered sacrilege by other Western Desert groups, because knowledge of sacred law is considered dangerous. The sacred images in the paintings were obscured, though, and encrypted (hidden) by dots and lines. When the art style became popular, more and more Pitjantjatjara men began to paint.
Baker began painting as a way to preserve his stories and culture. Because he was a ngangkaṟi, he knew more about his country's sacred Dreaming stories than most. His paintings represent stories from the time of creation that dictate sacred law (Tjukurpa) for Pitjantjatjara people. Although he began very late in life, his paintings quickly became well known. The first major exhibition to show his work was an annual group exhibition called "Desert Mob", in Alice Springs. It first featured his work in 2005, and again every year after that until 2009. In 2007, Baker was one of thirty artists featured in the first National Indigenous Art Triennial exhibition "Culture Warriors". It showed three of his paintings: Katatjita (2006), Wanampi Kutjara (2006) and Piltati (2007). He was interviewed on South Australian television, speaking through a translator.
Having only painted for six years, Baker produced only a small number of works. His works are rare, and were considered valuable even when he was alive. Most of them are acrylic paintings done on canvas (cotton duck). He uses rich colours in the "dot" style that has become classical in Western Desert art.

Jimmy died in 2010, from a problem with his lungs. His work is major several major public and private collections in Australia, including the Art Gallery of South Australia, the National Gallery of Victoria, and the National Gallery of Australia. As well as his children, several of his grandchildren are also well-known artists painting for Tjungu Palya.

References

More reading
 

1910s births
2010 deaths
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Artists from South Australia
The Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) is an array of radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.  A high and dry site is very important for millimeter wavelength work.  ALMA is being built on the Chajnantor plateau at 5000 metres altitude.  It will have 66 12-meter and 7-meter diameter radio telescopes observing at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths. ALMA is expected to help scientists understand how stars were created during the early universe. It will also provide detailed imaging of local star and planet formation. 

ALMA is being built by Europe, the United States, Canada, East Asia and the Republic of Chile.  Costing more than a billion US dollars, it is the worlds's most expensive ground-based telescope. ALMA began scientific observations in the second half of 2011 and the first images were released to the press on 3 October 2011. The project is should be fully operational by March 2013.

References

Telescopes
Astronomical observatories in Chile
Atacama Region
George Mamua Telek (born 1969), commonly known simply as Telek, is a musician from Papua New Guinea. He is one of the country's most successful musicians, and his music is well known in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Telek was born in Raluana, a village near Rabaul in New Britain. He sings in his native language, Kuanua, and also in Tok Pisin.

Telek sang with various bands in Papua New Guinea early in his career, most notably with the group Painim Wok, famous in the 1980s. Telek met Australian musician David Bridie in Rabaul in the mid-1980s. Together they recorded the very successful album Tabaran.

Telek recorded his first solo album, Telek, outside Papua New Guinea in 1997. This album won an ARIA award for Best World Music Album. He recorded his second international album Serious Tam in 2000 at Peter Gabriel's studios in London. The next album he released was Amette, in 2004. He recorded it in Bridie's studio in Melbourne. His most recent album Akave was released through the Wantok Music-label.
References

1959 births
Living people
Papua New Guinean people
Singers
Guitarists
Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game made by 343 Industries. It is published by Microsoft Studios and is available for Xbox 360.

The game was announced at E3 2011 on June 4, 2011. Halo 4 sees the return of Master Chief and Cortana. On September 26, 2012, Halo 4 was announced that it had completed development and the game was released worldwide (except Japan) on November 6, 2012. Halo 4 was released in Japan on November 8, 2012.

References

Other websites
Halo official website 
Halo Waypoint on 343 Industries

2012 video games
Xbox 360-only games
Halo video games
Shooter video games
Jill Ellen Stein (born May 14, 1950) is an American physician specializing in Internal Medicine. She was the nominee of the Green Party for President of the United States in the 2012 election. Stein was a candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in the 2002 and the 2010 elections. She was the Green Party nomination for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential elections. She is the campaign manager of Cornel West's 2024 presidential campaign.

References

2016 United States presidential candidates
2012 United States presidential candidates
1950 births
Living people
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from Chicago
Green Party of the United States politicians
Virgil Hamlin Goode, Jr. (, born October 17, 1946) is an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2009, first as a Democrat; in 2000 he switched to the Republican Party. He represented the 5th congressional district of Virginia. He lost his seat in the 2008 election to Democrat Tom Perriello. Goode subsequently joined the Constitution Party. He was the party's 2012 presidential nominee.

References

Other websites 
 Virgil Goode for President 2012 official campaign website

 Audio from Goode's August 9, 2006 debate with Al Weed 

1946 births
Living people
United States representatives from Virginia
Dundalk Football Club () is a professional  Irish football club based in Dundalk, County Louth. The club currently play in the Premier Division of the League of Ireland. Founded in 1903, they are the second most successful team, in terms of trophies won, in the history of the League of Ireland. The traditional colours of the club are white jerseys with black shorts. Due to their white jerseys, they have been nicknamed the Lilywhites. They play their home games in Oriel Park.

Irish football clubs
County Louth
is a Japanese Shinto shrine at Sado, Niigata, which is an island in the Sea of Japan.

History
The shrine was established before the 10th century.  This place is special to the kami named  .  Isonotakeru is said to have taught people shipbuilding and how to use ships.

Each year in late-April, horseback archery (yabusame) takes place at the branch  Hachimangū of Watatsu Shrine in the town of Hamochi.

Watatsu was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of the old Sado Province on Sado Island.  It serves today as one of the ichinomiya of Niigata Prefecture.  

In the modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines, Watatsu was listed among the 3rd class of nationally significant shrines or .

References

Other websites 

Shinto shrines
Beppyo shrines
Kokuhei Shōsha
Ichinomiya
Niigata Prefecture
If an item is produced in large quantities, this is usually called mass production. The item produced is called product, and it is usually made in a factory. The items produced will all be the same type. The process of making large quantities will usually require the use of standardized products or product groups. It also depends heavily on interchangeable parts.

Today, machines are often used to mass produce such items. Using division of labour, a greater number of items can be produced. Adam Smith used the example of a needle: With division of labour, it is possible to produce more needles in the same time. Frederick Winslow Taylor, the father of Taylorism also used the division of labour: he wanted to divide the tasks into planning tasks, and execution.

References 

Economics
James Rupert Jacob Murdoch (born 13 December 1972) is a British-American businessman.

Early life
Murdoch was born in the United Kingdom. He is the younger son of Rupert Murdoch.

At age 13, young James' citizenship changed. In 1985, his father gave up his Australian citizenship to become a citizen of the United States.

Career
He has worked in his family's international businesses.

References

Other websites
James Murdoch at Forbes 

1972 births
Living people
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from London
James Murdoch may mean

 James Murdoch, Australian businessman, son of Rupert Murdoch
 James Murdoch (journalist) (1856–1921), Scottish scholar, author, journalist and teacher

Related pages
 James Murdock (1871–1949), Canadian politician
Amy Smith is an American inventor, educator, and founder of D-Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Her work focuses on development of appropriate technologies.  Appropriate technologies are technologies that use readily available local resources to solve problems in developing countries.

Amy Smith was born in Lexington, Massachusetts, on 4 November 1962.

References

Living people
1962 births
American inventors
James Murdoch (27 September 1856 – 30 October 1921) was a Scottish-Australian academic, journalist, translator, editor and Japanologist.  He is best known for writing a three-volume A History of Japan.  It was the first history of Japan published in the English.

Early life
Murdoch was born in Stonehaven, near Aberdeen, in Scotland. At the University of Aberdeen, he earned a bachelor's and master's degree. He also studied at Oxford University.
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Murdoch, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 60+ works in 130+ publications in 4 languages and 1,300+ library holdings . 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it. 
 A history of constitutional reform in Great Britain and Ireland : with full account of the three great measures of 1832, 1867 and 1884, 1885
 The narrative of a Japanese; what he has seen and the people he has met in the course of the last forty years, 1890 (with Joseph Heco)
 Ayame-san, a Japanese romance of the 23rd year of Meiji (1890), 1892
 From Australia and Japan, 1892
 The Nikkō district, 1893
 Scenes from the Chiushingura and the story of the forty-seven Rōnin, 1893
 A history of Japan, 1903 
 Scenes from open air life in Japan, 1910 (with W. K Burton)

References

Other websites
  Murdoch, James, 1856-1921 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
James Murdoch at Kyushu Instittue of Technology 
Ayame-san
Scenes From the Chiushingura and the Story of Forty-Seven Ronin
The 47 Rônin are Introduced to the World

1856 births
1921 deaths
Japanologists
Scottish historians
Australian academics
British translators
Jacques Edmund-Joseph Papinot (1860-1942) was a French Roman Catholic priest, academic, historian, editor, Japanologist. 

Papinot is best known for creating an Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan which was first published in French in 1899.  The work was published in English in 1906.

Career
Papinot first arrived in Japan in 1886.  He taught at the Tokyo Theological Seminary for 15 years while working on his Dictionnaire japonais-français des noms principaux de l'histoire et de la géographie de Japon.

In 1911, he left Japan for China.  He returned to France in 1920.
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Papinot, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 100+ publications in 7 languages and 1,200+ library holdings. 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Dictionnaire japonais-français des noms principaux de l'histoire et de la géographie de Japon, 1899 
 Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan, 1906
 Nihon seiei (Japanese hymns), 1922 (with J. Lemaréchal)

References

Other websites
  Papinot, Edmund at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

1860 births
1942 deaths
French Japanologists
French historians
Schlumbergera is a genus of cacti. The genus includes six species, originally found in south-eastern Brazil. These cacti, along with a number of cultivars are common houseplants. They are also known as Christmas Cactus or Thanksgiving Cactus. This name refers to the time of the year when the cacti flourish, in Europe. In the wild, the cacti grow on trees as epiphytes or rocks, and can form shrubss up to  high. The cacti do not have leaves, the green stem segments do photosynthesis. Charles Lemaire first described them in 1858. It is named after Frédéric Schlumberger a cactus collector and plant breeder.

Cactaceae
The genus Nestor is one of two genera of the family Nestoridae. Together with the Kakapo in the Strigopidae tribe, they form the small parrot superfamily Strigopoidea. The genus Nestor contains two extant parrot species from New Zealand and two extinct species from Norfolk Island, Australia and Chatham Island, New Zealand, respectively. All species are large stocky birds with short squarish tails.

Birds of New Zealand
Parrots
Doyle's Delight is the highest peak in Belize.  It is 1124 m high. 

The name Doyle's Delight was first used by Sharon Matola in a 1989 report. The name is based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's book The Lost World (1912).  The book has the quote "there must be something wild and wonderful in a country such as this, and we're the men to find it out!".

References

Geography of Belize
Mountains of North America
The keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus), also known as sulfur-breasted toucan or rainbow-billed toucan, is a colorful Latin American member of the toucan family. It is the national bird of Belize.

The Keel-billed toucan can be found from Southern Mexico to Venezuela and Colombia.   

Like many toucans, Keel-billed is a very social bird, rarely seen alone. It travels in small flocks of about six to twelve individuals through lowland rainforests. It is a poor flyer, and moves mostly by hopping through trees.

Description 

Including its bill, the Keel-billed Toucans ranges in length from around . Their large and colorful bill averages around .  This is about one-third of its length. It weighs about .  While the bill seems large and weighty, it is in fact a spongy, hollow bone covered in keratin, a very light and hard protein.
The feathers of the Keel-billed toucan are mostly black with a yellow neck and chest. Molting happens once per year. It has blue feet and red feathers at the tip of its tail. The bill is mostly green with a red tip and orange sides.

Keel-billed toucans have two toes that face forward and two that face back. Because toucans spend a large part of time in the trees, this helps the birds to stay on the branches of the trees and hop from one branch to another.

Food and feeding 

Keel-billed toucans eat mostly a wide range of fruit, but may also eat insects, eggs, and reptiles.  When eating fruit, it uses its bill to take apart the fruit, and then tosses its head back to swallow the fruit whole.
Breeding
The female keel-billed toucan will lay  1-4  white eggs in a natural or already-made tree cavity. The male and female share in the caring of the eggs, both taking turns incubating. The eggs hatch about 15–20 days after being laid.  After hatching, the male and female take turns feeding the chicks.  When the chicks hatch, they have no feathers, and have their eyes closed for about 3 weeks. The chicks stay in their nest for eight to nine weeks while their bills develop fully.

References

Toucan, Keel-Billed
Piciformes

National symbols of Belize
Kim Hwang-sik (; ; born 9 August 1948) is a South Korean lawyer and politician. He is the Prime Minister of South Korea. Before he became Prime Minister, he was Chairperson of the Board of Audit and Inspection. He was born in Jangseong, studied law at Marburg University (Germany) and graduated from Seoul National University.

1948 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of South Korea
The Bight of Benin is a bight on the western African coast. The bight is part of the Gulf of Guinea. The Republic of Benin and this bight were both named after the Benin Empire.

This area is known as the Slave Coast. This area was used heavily in the African slave trade.

Bays
Geography of Africa
Fon is part of the Gbe language cluster. Fon is spoken mainly in Benin.  There are about 1.7 million speakers.  Like the other Gbe languages, Fon has a subject–verb–object word order.

References

Languages of Benin
Niger-Congo languages
The Yoruba language is a Niger-Congo language spoken in West Africa. The number of speakers of Yoruba was thought to be 20 million in the 1990s.  It is one of the languages in Nigeria, Benin, and Togo and in communities in other parts of Africa, Europe and the Americas.

References

Languages of Africa
Niger-Congo languages
The South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone was formed in 1986 by the United Nations. There goal is to promote cooperation and peace and security in the South Atlantic region. It especially wanted to limit nuclear weapons in these countries.

Members

References

International organizations
United Nations
1986 establishments
Political organizations
Politics of Africa
Politics of South America
is a Japanese city in Saitama Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

The city has an estimated population of 153,392 (as of 1 June 2012) and the density of 1,900 people per km².

History
Kuki City absorbed the town known as Shobu on 23 March 2010.  Kuki City is formed by the Minami Saitama District and includes the towns of Kurihashi and Washiyama, both from the Kitakatsushika District.
Kuki City is known for agriculture including rice, soba, plants and flowers.

Geography
Kuki, Saitama is approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) north of Tokyo. The total area is 82.40 km².  There is a river called Tone in the northeast and a river called Moto-Arakawa in the southwest.

Kuki, Saitama consists of four districts, followed by the wards included in each district as follows:
District of Kuki:
Kamihayami, Kamicho, Kukishin, Kukihon, Kukichuo, Honcho, Minami, Aoge, Aoba, Kukikita, Kurihara, Koguki, Nishi, Noguki, Kukihigashi, Yosiha, Ezura, Otabukuro, Kawaramachi, Kitaaoyanagi, Shimohayami, Hara, Hinokuchi, Yokebori, Kamikioku, Kitanakasone, Kiyokucho, Shimokiyoku, Tokorokuki, Rokumanbu

District of Shobu:
Shobucho Obayashi, Shobucho Kamiosaki, Shobucho Kamikayama, ShobuchoKawarai, Shobucho Sanga, Shobucho Shibayamashigo, Shobucho, Shimokayama, Shobucho Shobu, Shobucho Showanuma, Shobucho Dai, Shobucho Niibori

District of Kurihashi:
Arai, Isaka, Kawaradai, Kitahiroshima, Kotsuka, Kurihashi, Kurihashikita, Kurihashichuo, Kurihashihigashi, Kouemon, Sama, Shimakawa, Takayanagi, Nakazato, Makama, Matsunaga, Midori, Minamikurihashi

District of Washinomiya:
Kamiuchi, Kuhonji, Katsuume, Sakae, Sunahara, Nakatsuma, Washinomiya, Washinomiyachuo, Kamikawasaki, Sakurada, Sotono, Nishidaiwa, Higashidaiwa, Yatsuura
Transportation
Transportation consists of 3 main train lines: the Tobu Isesaki Line, JR Higashi Nihon Utsunomiya Line, and the Tobu Nikko Line. Kuki Station is the central station. It is on the JR Higashi Nihon Utsunomiya and Tobu Isesaki Lines. The other station on the Tobu Isesaki Line is Washinomiya Station. Minami Kurihashi Sation and Kurihashi Station are on the Tobu Nikko Line.

Economy
Kuki, Saitama economy relies mostly on agriculture.  This agriculture is mainly the cultivation of rice growing on the plateau in the low land.  In addition, the cultivation of the strawberries is prosperous, too. The switch from growing rice to producing soba has reduced the acreage under cultivation policy, too and has become a special product recently.
Other than agriculture, Kuki, Saitama has also been known to have many various factories for mass-producing anything from small household items to car and mechanical parts.  The industrial business is not as prosperous as their agricultural business, but is still growing as businesses have moved their factories and production outside of the bigger, major cities.

Sightseeing in Kuki, Saitama has also helped the economy with eco-tourism.  In Kuki, Saitama, flowers are a major part of their sightseeing and eco-tourism as various flowers bloom throughout the four seasons as follows:

Early April
Cherry blossom blooms on the Kikoku Sakura Street.

Early May
Wisteria flowers bloom at the Shobu Shrine.

Mid May to Mid June
Poppies bloom at Shobu Kaikan.

Early June to Mid June
Blue flags bloom at Shobu Joshi.
 
Late June to Early July
Lavenders bloom at Civic Center of Shobu.

Early October to Early November
Cosmos blooms on the Cosmos Fureai Road.
Late October to Early November 
Red flower sides bloom at the Civic Center of Kurihashi.

Being that Kuki, Saitama is set in more of an outdoor, nature setting.   Spring is popular because of the blooming cherry blossoms, flowers and spring foliage.  Fall is popular because of the beautiful color changes taking place as the leaves on the trees and plants change color from fall to autumn and begin to fall before winter season comes.  Besides the beautiful cherry blossoms, flowers, trees and foliage of both seasons, you will love the feeling of having fewer people around as well as very few buildings around you, a feeling of freedom.
There is one other form of tourism in Kuki, Saitama that is as popular as other parts of Japan.  That is visiting the various shrines in Kuki, Saitama to say your prayers to loved ones and family who have passed, ward off evil spirits, to wish for good luck in school, family, work and life in general.  There is one shrine in particular that has gained fame over the years from Japanese and foreign tourists alike.  This is the Washinomiya Shrine (formerly Washimiya Shrine).  The oldest known record of this shrine can be found in the Azuma Kagami, which is the official historical record for the Kamakura Shogun.  The Imperial family and even Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu had once occupied and helped make this shrine famous.  The Washinomiya Shrine also holds many folk-art and culture events, including the famous Saibara-Kagura Festival.  The traditional dance was handed down through generations and has been designated as a national folk-art and culture asset
. The shrine also houses several ancient relics which are on display all the time for the public to view.
Summer Festival
Kuki has a famous festival that runs from July 12th - July 18th. Seven floats are paid out from 7 towns and each one is decorated as a doll of the person who took a subject out of myths with too many things on a festival car and it is pulled a town and is turned in the daytime. It changes quickly to the lantern festival car which a doll is removed, and displayed 500 lanterns on the all sides of the festival car at night.
This lantern festival car becomes the biggest highlight as an event to color summer night. Expand for the musical accompaniment of the lively flute and gong, drum, and a youth in the town block turns a festival car said to be Seki Toichi, and the state to go round in the city is right the best part.

Education
In Kuki, Saitama, there are 23 public elementary schools, 11 public junior high schools and 5 public high schools. The city has 4 civic gyms, 4 public pools and 4 public libraries.
Sister cities
Kuki, Saitama has an International Exchange program with sister cities Esk, Queensland, in Australia, and Roseburg, Oregon, in the United States.

References

Other websites

 Kuki City website 

Cities in Saitama Prefecture
Kang Kyŏng-ae (20 April 1906 – 26 April 1944)  (, 姜敬愛) was a Korean novelist, poet and feminist. She was a labor activist and a writer for the political resistance movement.

Works 
 The Broken Geomungo (Pageum)
 Vegetable Garden (Chaejeon)
 Football Game (Chukgu jeon)
 Mother and Child (Moja)
 Mothers and Daughters (Eomeoni wa ttal)
 The Human Problem (Ingan munje)
 Salt (Sogom 1934)

References 
 억압받는 하층여성을 대변하는 식민지시기 최고의 소설가 - 강경애 
 [이영아의 여론 女論] 강경애가 경성 문단을 떠난 이유 중앙일보 2012.06.04 
 [한국의 여성운동가들 5] 강경애 
 "3월 문화인물 소설가 강경애는 김좌진장군 암살교사범 동거녀" 조선일보 2005.01.17 
 강경애(1907-1943) 여성문제를 인간문제로 파악한 문학인 

1906 births
1944 deaths
Korean feminists
Korean novelists
Korean autobiographers
First order logic is a type of logic which is used in certain branches of mathematics and philosophy. First order logic enables the definition of a syntax which is independent of the mathematical or logical terms. 

In first order logic, reasoning can be done from two points of view: either using syntax alone, or including semantic terms. First order logic is different from propositional logic: In first order logic, there are quantifiers, called for all (written as ) and there is at least one (written as ). Negation, conjunction, inclusive disjunction, exclusive disjunction and implication are all defined the same way as in propositional logic. Because of that, first order logic can be thought of as an extension of propositional logic. 

The completeness of first order logic, the result which asserts the equivalence between valid formulas and formal theorems, is established by Gödel. Together with Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, first order logic is the foundation of many branches of modern mathematics.
Related pages 

 Gödel's incompleteness theorems
 Propositional logic
 Predicate logic

References 

Logic
Nawab Sir Liaqat Hayat Khan, KCIE (1887-1948) was a British Indian administrator and a Prime Minister of Patiala state in Punjab. He was the son of Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan and elder brother of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan.

1887 births
1948 deaths
Indian politicians
Punjabi people
Richard P. Barth is the current Dean of the University of Maryland in Baltimore. He has been the school's dean, since 2006. He is also a founder and president of the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare, which was formed in 2009.

Dean Barth wrote the book Social and Cognitive Treatment of Children and Adolescents (1986). Moreover, he has also co-written nine other books Preventing Adolescent Abuse (1992), From Child Abuse to Permanency Planning: Pathways Through Child Welfare Services (1992), Families Living with Drugs and HIV (1993), The Tender Years: Toward Developmentally-Sensitive Child Welfare Services (1998), The Child Welfare Challenge (1992, 2000), and Beyond Common Sense: Child Welfare, Child-Well-Being, and the Evidence for Policy Reform (2006).

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Educators from Baltimore
Tiger Palpatja (born about 1920 – died 16 April 2012) was an Australian Aboriginal artist from the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands.

Life
Tiger was born around 1920 (though the exact year is not known). He was born in the bush, at a rockhole called Piltati, which is close to what is now Nyapaṟi in north-west South Australia. His family were Pitjantjatjara, and they lived a traditional, nomadic life in the bushland around Piltati. When he was a teenager, Tiger's family settled at Ernabella, which at the time was a Presbyterian mission and a sheep station. Tiger grew up on the mission, and learned to speak a little English in school there. He eventually got married to a woman named Nyalapanytja, and they lived in Ernabella for many years. Tiger worked on the station, shearing sheep and building fences.
In the 1970s, Tiger and his family moved to Amaṯa, closer to his homeland. When he got older, Tiger became a ngangkaṟi (traditional healer), an important and respected role in traditional Pitjantjatjara communities. In 1997, the women at Amaṯa began a community art centre, originally called Minymaku Arts. The word minymaku means "women's", and they called it this because, at the time, Pitjantjatjara men did not like to paint. After several men began painting in the early 2000s, the centre's name was changed to Tjala Arts.
Artwork
Tiger's painted sacred stories from his Dreaming, mostly to do with Piltati, where he was born. This place is associated with a creation story involving two sisters and their husbands, who change themselves into Wanampi (a giant water snake). According to Tiger's Dreaming, the Wanampi are his family's ancestors who created the country around Piltati. The snake's form can be seen in many of Tiger's paintings, usually painted several different colours. His paintings were known for their bright colours, as opposed to the traditional natural ochre colours used by many other artists of the Western Desert.
Tiger died on 16 April 2012, over the age of 90. While he was alive, his paintings were exhibited in several major cities, including Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Fremantle and Perth. His work is now held in permanent galleries in most of these cities. He also had work exhitied overseas: at the University of Virginia in 2006, and in Singapore in 2008. His paintings are held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia, the Australian National University, Charles Darwin University, Flinders University, and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

References

Other websites
Tiger Palpatja at Design & Art Australia Online

1920 births
2012 deaths
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Artists from South Australia
Boidae, commonly known as boa or boas, is a family of nonvenomous snakes that includes the boa constrictor and anaconda. Most are found in America but some are in Africa, Europe, Asia and on some Pacific islands. Their common names are boas or boids. 

Adults are medium to large in size, with females usually larger than the males. There are two subfamilies with eight genera and 43 species.

References
Angela Carolyn Fong (born February 3, 1985) is a Canadian former professional wrestler and actress. She is best known for her time at World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). She was known by the ring name Miss Angela during her time at Florida Championship Wrestling. She was later known by the name Savannah when she was the a ring announcer for ECW on SyFy and the official ring announcer for season one of WWE NXT. Fong was also a cheerleader for the Canadian Football League's BC Lions.

References

Other websites

Online World Of Wrestling profile

1985 births
Living people
Canadian professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Corporación Deportiva Once Caldas is a Colombian association football team, based in Manizales. In 2004 they won the Copa Libertadores de América, the main South American football competition.

Colombian football clubs
1959 establishments
20th-century establishments in Colombia
Caldas Department
A loquat is a tropical fruit that grows on a tree. Since it is tropical, it will only grow in a warm, wet climate. It grows in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, India and Iran. 

Loquats are yellow or orange and contain large brown seeds.  People eat the skin or peel the fruit. 

Tropical fruit
Rosaceae
Chibougamau is a town in central Quebec, Canada, located on Lake Gilman.

References

Cities and towns in Quebec
Certain bits are commonly used in certain horse activities. For example, western style riding usually uses a curb bit. English style usually uses a type of snaffle, although certain horses may be put in a different type of bit. Saddleseat riding and high levels of dressage riding use a double bridle. This is a bridle that holds 2 bits. Each bit works a little differently so the rider can cue the horse to do different things. The rider must ride with 2 reins in each hand. This requires the rider to be skilled so they can handle both reins without confusing the horse.

Horse riding
Mazie Keiko Hirono (born November 3, 1947) is an American politician.  She is best known as the first Asian-American woman elected to the US Senate.

Early life
Hirono was born in Fukushima, Japan.  At the age of 8, she emigrated to Hawaii with her mother.  She became a US citizen in 1959. She considers herself among the Issei who are immigrants born in Japan.

Career
Hirono was elected three times to the US House of Representatives.  She was a member of Congress for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district before she was elected to the US Senate in 2012.

Personal life
In May 2017, Hirono was diagnosed with kidney cancer.

References

Naturalized citizens of the United States
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States senators from Hawaii
Living people
1947 births
Lieutenant Governors of Hawaii
Francophonie is an international organization of politics and governments with French as the main language.  The countries have a large number of people who are francophones (French speakers), or where there is a notable affiliation with the French language or culture.

It used to be called the Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF) or the International Organization of the Francophonie. There are 56 member states and governments, 3 associate members, and 19 observers. The modern organization was created in 1970. Its motto is "equality, complementarity, and solidarity". Its present Secretary General is Louise Mushikiwabo since 2019

French geographer Onésime Reclus made the word Francophonie in 1880.  It is used to refer to the community of people and countries using the French language.

References

1970 establishments
International organizations
French language
The Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) aims to create a free trade area.

CEN-SAD was started in February 1998 by six countries.  Since then its membership has grown to 29. One of its main goals is to get economic unity through the free movement of people and goods.  This is to make the member states a free trade area.

List of members 
Founding members:
 
 
 
 
 
 

Countries that joined later:
  (1999)
  (1999)
  (2000)
  (2000)
  (2000)
  (2001)
  (2001)
  (2001)
  (2001)
  (2001)
  (2002)
  (2002)
  (2004)
  (2004)
  (2004)
  (2005)
  (2005)
  (2007)
  (2007)
  (2008)
  (2008)
  (2008)
  (2009)

References 

1998 establishments in Africa
International organizations
Economics organizations
Economy of Africa
African Petroleum Producers Association is an organisation of African countries that produce petroleum. It was founded in 1986. The headquarters of the organisation are in Brazzaville in the Congo.

Membership 
The members of the African Petroleum Producers Association:

References

International organizations
Economy of Africa
Trade associations
Organizations based in the Republic of the Congo
Petroleum
The Niger Basin Authority is an intergovernmental organisation in West Africa.  They manage and develop the resources of the basin of the Niger River. The group is called by both French and English acronyms, NBA or ABN.

The organisation was founded in 1964 as the River Niger Commission.  On 21 November 1980, it was refounded as the Niger Basin Authority.

Nine nations are members: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger and Nigeria.  While a small area of Algeria is in the Niger Basin, it is not a member of the NBA. The organisation is based in Niamey.  They work in both French and English.

References

International organizations
Politics of Africa
The Slave Coast was a name for the coastal areas of present Togo, Benin (formerly Dahomey) and western Nigeria.  This is a fertile region of coastal Western Africa along the Bight of Benin.  In pre-colonial times it was one of the most densely populated parts of Africa. It was one of the most important places for the Atlantic slave trade from the early 16th century to the 19th century.

The slave trade became so large in the 18th and 19th centuries that an “Atlantic community” was formed. Slaves went to the New World, mostly to Brazil and the Caribbean. Ports that exported these slaves from Africa include Ouidah, Lagos, Aného (Little Popo), Grand-Popo, Agoué, Jakin, Porto-Novo, and Badagry.

Researchers think that between 2 and 3 million slaves were exported out of this region.  They were traded for goods like alcohol and tobacco from the Americas and textiles from Europe. Religions, architectural styles, languages, knowledge, and other new goods were mixed at this time.
After slavery was ended by European countries, the slave trade continued for a time with independent traders (instead of government agents).

Notes

References
Law, Robin. The Slave Coast of West Africa 1550-1750: The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on an African Society. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991.
Law, Robin and Kristin Mann. “African and American Atlantic Worlds.” The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., 56:2 Apr. 1999, pp307–334.
Shillington, Kevin. History of Africa. 2nd Edition, MacMillan Publishers Limited, NY USA 2005.
St Clair, William. The Door of No Return: The History of Cape Coast Castle and the Atlantic Slave Trade. BlueBridge.

Slavery
Geography of Togo
Geography of Benin
Geography of Nigeria
Dahomey was a French colony. It was part of French West Africa from 1904 to 1958. In 1947, Dahomey became part of the French Union and had more freedom. On 11 December 1958, the French Fifth Republic was started. The colony became the self-governing Republic of Dahomey. Two years later on 1 August 1960 the country had full independence. In 1975 it changed its name to Benin.

History of Benin
French colonial empire
Former colonies in Africa
The People's Republic of Benin was a socialist state in the Gulf of Guinea on the African continent.  It became present-day Benin. The People's Republic was started on November 30, 1975, after the 1972 coup d'état in the Republic of Dahomey. It lasted until March 1, 1990, with a new constitution.  The end of Marxism-Leninism in the nation was in 1989.

References

1990 disestablishments
History of Benin
Former socialist republics
Former dictatorships
1972 establishments
1970s establishments in Africa
1990s disestablishments in Africa
The national flag of Benin was adopted in 1959. It was changed after the Marxist regime started in 1975.  When that regime ended the old design was reintroduced on August 1, 1990. The colours are the traditional Pan-African colours : green symbolizes hope, yellow symbolizes wealth and red symbolizes courage.
Benin
National symbols of Benin
The coat of arms of Benin, was introduced in 1964.  It was replaced in 1975.  Then it was readopted in 1990.

At the top of the emblem is the national crest that has two horns with corn in the ear and filled with sand.  These are to stand for prosperity.  Below the crest is a shield that has the actual coat of arms of Benin.  

The shield is broken into four quadrants.  The top left quadrant has a castle in the style of the Somba.  This is for the history of Benin.  In the top right quadrant, is the Star of Benin.  This is the highest award of the nation.  Below this is a ship, that stands for the arrival of Europeans in Benin.  In the lower left quadrant is a palm tree.

The shield is supported by a pair of leopards, the national animal of Benin.  Below the shield is the motto of Benin (Fellowship, Justice, Work) in French.
Benin
National symbols of Benin
"L'Aube Nouvelle" is the national anthem of Benin. In English, the name is "The Dawn of a New Day". It was written and composed by Gilbert Jean Dagnon. It was adopted when the Republic of Dahomey became independent from France in 1960.

When Dahomey became Benin in 1975, the anthem was kept, with small changes to the words to fit the new name of the country.

Lyrics

French original

In local languages

References 

1960 works
National symbols of Benin
African anthems
Zinc finger nucleases (or ZFN) was a tool used to target genes and change DNA. It was one of three methods of changing the genome with engineered nucleases. It is now superseded.

Zinc fingers are man-made molecules made of a protein and zinc. Each binds to a specific DNA. Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are enzymes got by fusing a zinc finger to a DNA cleavage enzyme called a Fokl. So the ZFN binds onto a specific DNA sequence, then snips it in two places. Regular cell enzymes stick the ends together, minus the bit snipped out (DNA repair).

Each ZFN is made to use on a single gene which is called a “target gene” or “target DNA”. They can be designed to work on specific parts of genes to create a desired change. The two types of DNA changes are mutations such as deletions and insertions. Genetics research looks at the mutated subjects (animals, plants, bacteria) to find out what the particular gene does.