Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Length of a dipole antenna 
 
The length of a dipole is very important for selecting the frequency that the antenna will work at. The antenna is an electrical half wavelength, or multiple of half wavelengths. This is not the same length as the wavelength for a signal travelling through air. There are a number of reasons for this. This means that an antenna will be a small amount shorter than the length calculated for a wave moving in air.

For a half wave dipole, the length for a wave moving in air is calculated. This number is multiplied by a factor "A". A is normally between 0.96 and 0.98. It is affected by the ratio of the length of the antenna to the thickness of the wire or tube used poles.

Uses of dipole antennas 
Dipole antennas are used for many different things. These include television antennas (commonly referred to as "rabbit ears"), shortwave radio antennas and whip antennas.

Radio antennas
An analog signal processor is used to quickly process signals that can be too complex to handle any other way. A comparator is used to offer level triggers correct down to microvolts with reaction times in the picoseconds. Analog filters offer anti-aliasing in sampled value systems as inputs and outputs, and can be used as pre-filters in audio and communications. Analog multipliers and dividers are used to offer brief gain control, radiometric function, or continuous energy measurement, with surprising accuracy. Over-voltage protection applications can protect the front-end of analog transmission/receiver systems, multiplexers. Amplification and filtering for noise removal are the main feature of analog signal processing.

Signalling
Telecommunications
Delta Lea Goodrem (born 9 November 1984) is an Australian actress and singer. Her first single, "I Don't Care", charted as high as #64 on Australia's ARIA Singles Chart in 2001. In the following year, Goodrem took up the role of a schoolgirl named Nina Tucker in the Australian soap opera Neighbours. This helped her into becoming a well known musician.

Personal life 
Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma in July 2003, for which she was treated.

Musical career

Innocent Eyes
Delta Goodrem released her second single "Born to Try" in 2002. It charted at #1 on the ARIA Singles Charts for one week. Her third single, "Lost Without You", was released in February 2003. It charted at #1 on the ARIA Singles Charts for two separate weeks. Her album, Innocent Eyes, was released in March the same year. It was #1 on the charts for 29 weeks. A single of the same name ("Innocent Eyes") was later released in June, followed by the release of two more singles from the album, "Not Me, Not I" and "Predictable".
Mistaken Identity
In late 2004, Goodrem released the first single, "Out of the Blue", from her second album. The album, Mistaken Identity, was released a month later. Other singles from the album include "Mistaken Identity", "A Little Too Late" and a duet with Brian McFadden, "Almost Here".

Together We Are One
Delta Goodrem was asked to write a song for the 2006 Commonwealth Games Opening Ceremony and perform in the event herself. The single, "Together We Are One", was released on the Commonwealth Games: Melbourne 2006 Opening Ceremony compilation.

Delta
In 2007, Goodrem released a single titled "In This Life". It was from her third studio album Delta which was released a month later. Other singles from this album include "Believe Again", "You Will Only Break My Heart" and "I Can't Break It To My Heart".
Child of the Universe
In October 2012, Delta Goodrem released her fourth studio album, Child of the Universe. Singles from this album include "Sitting on Top of the World", "Dancing With a Broken Heart" and "Wish You Were Here".

Wings of the Wild
On 1 July 2016, Delta Goodrem's fifth studio album, Wings of the Wild was released. Singles from this album include "Only Human", "Wings", "Dear Life" and "Enough".

Discography

References 

Australian child actors
Australian movie actors
Australian pop musicians
Australian singer-songwriters
Australian television actors
Musicians from Sydney
Australian pianists
1984 births
Living people
Actors from Sydney
The Tiber (, ) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing mainly through Umbria and Lazio to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino.

The river is well-known because the city of Rome was founded on its eastern banks.

Geography
The Tiber river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately , almost 5% of the territory of the country.

It is the third longest river of Italy, after the Po and the Adige rivers, and the second by drainage basin after the Po.

Course
The Tiber starts near the town of Balze, Verghereto comune in the southwestern end of the Forlì-Cesena province, in the southern side of Monte Fumaiolo. The source of the river is formed by two springs that are  from each other in a forest on the mountain at an elevation of  above sea level.
The Tiber flows through Emilia-Romagna about  and then it gets into Tuscany where flows through Pieve Santo Stefano and Sansepolcro. Between these two localities there is a dam with a large reservoir that is named as Montedoglio Lake (). From here, the river flows through a wide plain (Val Tiberina) and gets in the Perugia province (Umbria) and flows through the towns of Città di Castello and Umbertide.

To the south of Torgiano, it is joined by its left side by the Chiascio river and then, in the Marsciano dam, by the Nestore river by its right side. Soon another right tributary, the Paglia, joins the Tiber.

The river forms the border between the Umbria (province of Terni) and Lazio (province of Viterbo) regions. Near the city of Orte, it is joined by the left side by its main tributary, the Nera river.

It flows through the Lazio region (Viterbo, Rieti and Rome provinces) and is joined by the Aniene river, flows through the city of Rome and, finally, into the Tyrrhenian Sea between Ostia and Fiumicino.
Main tributaries 
The main tributaries are:

Discharge
The average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) of the Tiber is  at its mouth.

The mean monthly discharges (in m³) for 2011 in Rome were:

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of Italy

References

Other websites

 Fiume Tevere - Fiumi Italiani 

Rivers of Italy
The flag of Italy () is a three colour flag. It has three same-sized strips of green, white, and red, in order from left to right. Its current form was adopted on the 1st of January 1948. In Italy it is called the Tricolore.

References 

National symbols of Italy
Italy
Kelechukwu Rowland Okereke (born 13 October 1981), known as Kele Okereke, is a British singer and guitarist for rock band Bloc Party. He was born in Liverpool on 13 October 1981 and grew up in London, England, United Kingdom. His parents are from Nigeria. He is openly gay.

References 

1981 births
Living people
Black British musicians
English guitarists
English LGBT people
English rock musicians
Gay men
LGBT musicians
LGBT singers
Musicians from Liverpool
Musicians from London
Singers from London
Bloc Party
Russell Lissack (born 11 March 1981) is a British musician. He is the guitar player for the rock band Bloc Party and is also in the band Pin Me Down. He was born in Chingford in London.

References

1981 births
Living people
Bloc Party
English rock guitarists
Musicians from London
People from Chingford
Vegetarians
Matthew Chee Hung Tong or Matt Tong (born 29 April 1979), is a British musician. He played drums for the rock band Bloc Party, until his departure in 2013 and has been the drummer for Algiers since 2015. He was born in Bournemouth in England, United Kingdom but his parents were originally from England and Malaysia. In 2006, he married Brooke Vermilion, Kindness' old touring DJ.

Matt tong drummed on the Rina Sawayama track “Frankenstein.” 

1979 births
Living people
Bloc Party
English drummers
People from Bournemouth
Gordon Peter Moakes (born 22 June 1976) is an English bass guitar player and singer for the rock band Bloc Party. He can also play the drums and Glockenspiel. He was born in Milton Keynes, England, United Kingdom. He is the oldest member of Bloc Party.

Moakes has a tattoo of a heart on his left arm and he has a new-born child called Scarlet.

1976 births
Living people
Bloc Party
English guitarists
English singers
With the Lights Out is a box-set album by the American grunge band Nirvana. It was released on November 23, 2004 on Geffen Records.

It was the only box set by Nirvana. It came out years after the band broke up after lead singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain died in 1994.

List of songs

Disc 1
"Heartbreaker" (live, Led Zeppelin cover)
"Anorexorcist"
"White Lace and Strange" (Thunder and Roses cover)
"Help Me I'm Hungry"
"Mrs. Buttersworth" (demo)
"If You Must"
"Pen Cap Chew"
"Downer" (live)
"Floyd the Barber" (live)
"Raunchola"/"Moby Dick" (Led Zeppelin cover)
"Beans" (Kurt Cobain solo acoustic)
"Don't Want It All" (solo acoustic)
"Clean Up Before She Comes"
"Polly"
"About a Girl"
"Blandest"
"Dive"
"They Hung Him on a Cross" (Lead Belly cover, performed by The Jury, a Lead Belly cover band made up of members of Nirvana and Screaming Trees)
"Grey Goose" (The Jury)
"Ain't It a Shame" (The Jury)
"Token Eastern Song"
"Even in His Youth"
"Polly"
Disc 2
"Opinion" (live solo acoustic)
"Lithium" (live solo acoustic)
"Been a Son" (live solo acoustic)
"Sliver" (solo acoustic)
"Where Did You Sleep Last Night" (solo acoustic, Lead Belly cover)
"Pay to Play" ("Stay Away" demo)
"Here She Comes Now"
"Drain You" (demo)
"Aneurysm"
"Smells Like Teen Spirit" (demo)
"Breed"
"Verse Chorus Verse"
"Old Age"
"Endless, Nameless" (live)
"Dumb" (live)
"D-7" (live)
"Oh, the Guilt"
"Curmudgeon"
"Return of the Rat"
"Smells Like Teen Spirit"

Disc 3
"Rape Me" (solo acoustic)
"Rape Me"
"Scentless Apprentice" (demo, over 9 minutes long)
"Heart-Shaped Box"
"I Hate Myself and Want to Die"
"Milk It"
"Moist Vagina"
"Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip"
"The Other Improv"
"Serve the Servants" (solo acoustic)
"Very Ape" (solo acoustic)
"Pennyroyal Tea" (solo acoustic)
"Marigold"
"Sappy"
"Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" (demo)
"Do Re Mi" (solo acoustic)
"You Know You're Right" (solo acoustic)
"All Apologies" (solo acoustic)
Disc 4
"Love Buzz" (Shocking Blue cover)
"Scoff"
"About a Girl"
"Big Long Now"
"Immigrant Song" (Led Zeppelin cover)
"Spank Thru"
"Hairspray Queen"
"School"
"Mr. Moustache"
"Big Cheese"
"Sappy"
"In Bloom" (original music video, a second one was made and that was the official one)
"School" (live)
"Love Buzz"
"Pennyroyal Tea" (live)
"Smells Like Teen Spirit" (live)
"Territorial Pissings" (live)
"Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" (live)
"Talk to Me" (live)
"Seasons in the Sun" (Terry Jacks cover)

2004 albums
Nirvana albums
The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is a book by Stephen R. Covey.
This book is about Ethics and Philosophy. It was published in 1989 and sold more than 15 million.

Contents

Part 1 Paradigms and Principles 
 Inside-Out
 The Seven Habits--An Overview

Part 2 Private Victory 
 Habit 1 Be Proactive
 Habit 2 Begin with the End in Mind
 Habit 3 Put First Things First

Part 3 Public Victory 
 Paradigms of Interdependence
 Habit 4 Think Win/Win
 Habit 5 Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
 Habit 6 Synergize

Part 4 Renewal 
 Habit 7 Sharpen the Saw
 Inside-Out Again

1989 books
Self-help books
American literature
In 1845, German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff described two laws about electrical circuits..
These laws are generalizations of Ohm's law.
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are very useful in solving circuit problems.

Kirchhoff's current law 

Kirchhoff's current law is also known as Kirchhoff's first law and Kirchhoff's junction law.
This law states that 'The sum of current into a junction equals the sum of current out of the junction'.
This is the same as Kirchhoff's junction law. 
In a junction, the electric charge's sum preservation law is applied.
If the entering value of the current is i2 and i3, this current splits into the current of i1 and i4. Then the equation (i1 + i4 = i2 + i3) is satisfied.
The right picture gives an example.
This Kirchhoff's first law is that charge is not destroyed or created in a junction point.
This is based by an electric charge preservation law.

Kirchhoff's voltage law 

Kirchhoff's voltage law is also known as Kirchhoff's second law, a closed circuit law and Kirchhoff's loop law.
The algebraic sum of the voltage (potential) differences in any loop must equal zero.(This circuit is a closed circuit)
Any complex circuit can be divided into many closed circuits.
This law means that in the circuit there is an electric cell and electric resistance.
The electric cell gives the charge a electromotive force, and then the electric resistance dissipates this force.
But in electric resistance if the direction is opposite of the current's direction, this electric resistance adds to the electromotive force.
This Kirchhoff's second law is based on potential energy preservation law.
Electricity
Peter Henlein (or Henle or Hele) (1479/1480 – August 1542), was a locksmith and watchmaker from Nuremberg. He is often said to be the inventor of the watch. This is disputed. Henlein was certainly one of the first makers of the watch. Although many say that Henlein invented the mainspring, there are descriptions and two surviving examples show that spring driven clocks had already been made by the early 1400s. He did make improvements to the balance spring, which made it possible to make the watches smaller.

Around 1504 to 1508 Henlein did make a watch; a small, drum-shaped Taschenuhr. It could run for forty hours before it needed rewinding. They were small enough to be worn around the neck, or carried in a bag or pocket. His watch only had an hour hand.

Books 
Jürgen Abeler: In Sachen Peter Henlein. Wuppertaler Uhrenmuseum, Wuppertal 1980
Maren Winter: Der Stundensammler. Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München 2004 (Roman), ,1510: Peter Henlein invents the pocket watch

Other websites
Further information
References

Clocks
German inventors
1479 births
1542 deaths
Microfabrication is making things which are very small. The earliest micromanufacturing was used to make the different parts of a computer circuit board.

Uses 
Microfabrication is used a lot in electronics.

Manufacturing
The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that makes microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field. Electrons pass by holes (cavities), and the resonance creates microwaves, like blowing air on a flute creates sound (sound waves) of a certain pitch. The 'resonant' cavity magnetron type of the earlier magnetron tube was invented by John Randall and Harry Boot in 1940. The high power of pulses from the cavity magnetron made centimetre-band radar practical. Shorter wavelength  radars allowed the finding of smaller objects. The small cavity magnetron tube made the size of radar sets much smaller so that they could be put into in aircraft and ships used to find submarines. At present, cavity magnetrons are commonly used in microwave ovens and in various radar applications.

References

Wave physics
Sanghar () is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city is headquarters of Sanghar District and Sanghar Taluka (a subdivision of the district). It is an agricultural town about 265km from Karachi. Unfortunately, there is no railway station and airport in the city. But the city does have road links with Hyderabad, Nawabshah, Mirpur Khas and other major cities of Sindh.

References

Other websites
 District Government Sanghar 

Cities in Sindh
Sanghar District
Dadu () is town in Sindh, Pakistan. Dadu is the capital of Dadu District. The town is located at 26°44'0N 67°47'0E with an altitude of 24 metres (82 feet) and is divided into three Union councils.

Towns in Sindh
Dadu District
Hyderabad City Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Hyderabad District is divided into 4 talukas, the Urban area around the capital Hyderabad is part of Hyderabad City Taluka.

Administration
The Taluka of Hyderabad city is administratively subdivided into 11 Union Councils.
History
During Kalhora rule the city of Hyderabad became the capital of kingdom of Sindh, it was first named NEEROONKOT, But then the name was changed to HYDERABAD in the name of IMAM ALI A.S Who's one laqab was HAIDER OR HYDERABAD, kalhora's made big fortress named as PAKKA QILA and inside it was the whole prospered city later on talpurs fought war with kalhoro's and won the kingdom but the capital remained the same, later on British defeated the Talpurs in battle amd changed the capital to karachi and later on to the Bombay Presidency of British India. The then HYDERABAD city was smaller than the present city of hyderabad so the then URBAN AREA was made a taluka of HYDERABAD DISTRICT and named HYDERABAD URBAN TALUKA(TEHSIL), it still is a taluka or tehsil and consists of mostly urban area
According to the 1901 census, the taluka contained only one town - the capital, Hyderabad (population, 69,378). The taluka also at this time contained 98 villages and the population was 138,021, compared with 122,507 in 1891.

References

Tehsils of Hyderabad District
Hyderabad can mean more than one city.

 Hyderabad, India
 Hyderabad, Sindh
Hyderabad Taluka (rural) is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Hyderabad district is subdivided into 4 talukas, the Urban area around the capital Hyderabad is part of Hyderabad City Taluka.

Administration
The rural Taluka of Hyderabad  is administratively subdivided into 11 Union Councils, these are:

References

Tehsils of Hyderabad District
Hatri is a Union Council of Hyderabad Taluka (rural) in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It has a population of 29,719,  and is located at 25°28'0N 68°24'0E lying to the north-east of the district capital - Hyderabad.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Masu Bhurgri is a Union Council of Hyderabad Taluka (rural) in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It has a population of             24,362. It is located at 25°30'0N 68°28'0E to the north-east of the district capital  - Hyderabad.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Masu Bhurgri is a Union Council of Hyderabad Taluka (rural) in the Sindh province of Pakistan.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Haji Sawan Khan Gopang is a Union Council of Hyderabad Taluka (rural) in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It has a population of 24,005.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Tando Qaisar is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is at 25°22'60N 68°31'0E to the east of the district capital Hyderabad.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Tando Hyder is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad  and is located at 25°22'60N 68°25'60E and lies to the east of the capital Hyderabad.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Husri is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad. It is located at 25°19'0N 68°25'0E and is south-east of the capital Hyderabad.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Moolan is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Tando Fazal is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad and is located at . It is south-east of the capital Hyderabad.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Tando Jam (ٽنڊوڄام) is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is about 20 km away from Hyderabad city and 5 km from Tando Qaiser. It is on the Hyderabad to Mirpurkhas Road.

References

Union councils of Hyderabad District
Jacobabad is the capital city of Jacobabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city is also the administrative centre of Jacobabad Taluka, a subdivision of the district. The city itself is subdivided into 8 Union Councils.

Jacobabad is crossed by the Pakistan Railways and many main roads of the province. Jacobabad is said to be one of the hottest cities in Pakistan.

During British rule, as part of British India, the town was the headquarters of the Upper Sind Frontier District of the Bombay Presidency. It was famous for having the highest temperature in the Indian Subcontinent. In June the temperature is  between 120° and 127 °F (49 to 53 °C).

The town was founded near the village of Khangarh in 1847 by Brigadier General John Jacob. General Jacob died here in 1858 and the city still bears his name.

Related pages
 Jacobabad District

References

Cities in Sindh
Jacobabad District
Upper Sind Frontier District was a district of the Bombay Presidency during British Rule in what is now the Sindh province of Pakistan. Sind is an old spelling of Sindh.

The district was the northernmost part of Sindh. It was bordered to the north and west by the Dera Ghazi Khan District of the Punjab and by Baluchistan, on the south by Sukkur District, and on the east by the river Indus.

Population
The District contained one town, Jacobabad, and 390 villages. According to the 1872 census it had a population of 115,050. In 1881 the population was 145,180. In 1891 the population had risen to 174,548. According to the 1901 census the population was 232,045.
The increase in 1901 was the largest. This was due to immigration from Baluchistan and the Punjab as well as a change in the borders of the district. According to the 1901 census, the main language was Sindhi. Sindhi was spoken by 165,110 people in 1901 (71 per cent). The Baluchi and Siraiki languages were also spoken in all parts of the District. Muslims formed 90 per cent of the total population and Hindus 9 per cent.

Administration
Jacobabad was the capital of the district. The district was subdivided into five talukas:

 Jacobabad Taluka
 Thul
 Kandhkot
 Kashmor
 Shahdadpur

References

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Jacobabad District
Jamshoro () is the capital city of Jamshoro District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is on the right bank of Indus River. It is about  northwest of the city of Hyderabad.

Related pages
 Jamshoro District

References

Cities in Sindh
Jamshoro District
Khairpur (, khīr´poor) is the twelfth largest city in the province of Sindh in southeast Pakistan.  Today it is the capital of Khairpur District. It was once the capital of the former princely state of Khayrpur.

Population
According to the 1998 census, 102,188 lived there. At the 1981 census, there were only 61,447.

Some important facts
 Khairpur is home to the famous Shah Abdul Latif University.

 The beautiful old Faiz Mahal palace, once the home of the ruling family of Khayrpur state, is also situated here.

 The shrine of the famous Sindhi Sufi poet and saint, Sain Sachal Sarmast is also near the city.

References

Other websites
 World Gazetteer population figures for Khairpur
 Khairpur Heritage & Welfare NGO 
 Mohammed Sadiq Naqvi - Ghairat Naqvi The Great Poet and Scholar of Khairpur Mirs.

Cities in Sindh
Khairpur District
Khayrpur or Khairpur was a princely state on the Indus River in what is now Pakistan, with its capital city at Khayrpur. Together with Bahawalpur to the north-east, the state was included with the Punjab states rather than the neighbouring Rajputana states (now Rajasthan) to the east.

References

Other websites
 Local Government Department of Sindh 

Khayrpur
Pakistani princely states
Khairpur District
Bahawalpur was a princely state of the Punjab in what is now Pakistan. It was on the southern bank of the Sutlej and Indus Rivers. Its capital city was Bahawalpur. 

In 1941, the state had 1,341,209 people. It covered 45,911 km² (17,494 sq mi). It was divided into three districts: Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan and Bahawalnagar.

The state was created in 1690 by Bahadur Khan II. In 1833 Nawab Mohammad Bahawal Khan III signed an agreement with the British guaranteeing the independence of the Nawab from the British. The state agreed to become part of Pakistan on 7 October 1947. The state was then merged into the province of West Pakistan on 14 October 1955.

Languages
Seraiki (also called Riasti) is the main language spoken. Urdu and Punjabi are also major languages.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Dokri Taluka () is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Larkana District in the Sindh province of Pakistan, the city of Larkana is the capital. This taluka is located to the south of Larkana city. The most populated town in this taluka is Badah. Dadu and Rice canals pass through this taluka.

Administration
Dokri Taluka is administratively subdivided into 13 Union Councils.

References

Tehsils of Larkana District
Larkana or Larkano (لاڑکانہ) is city of Sindh Province, Pakistan. The city is the capital of Larkana District. In August 2000 Larkana celebrated its hundred years of existence. It is located on the south bank of the Ghar canal, 40 miles south of Shikarpur town, and 36 north-east of Mehar.

History
During British rule Larkana became headquarters of Larkana District and Larkana Taluka – and for a time was part of the Bombay Presidency of British India. Also the North-Western Railway passed through the town. The population according to the 1901 census was 14,543.

Language
Sindhi is the main language but Siraikis, a dialect of Sindhi which is similar to the Sindhi language, is also spoken. Sindhi and English are the official languages.

References

Cities in Sindh
Larkana District
Larkana Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Larkana District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Larkana is the capital.

History
During British rule Larkana became headquarters of Larkana District and Larkana Taluka - and for a time was part of the Bombay Presidency of British India.

In 1901 the population was 100,827, compared with 90,15l in 1891. At that time the taluka contained one town, Larkana, and 72 villages.

Administration
Larkana Taluka is administratively subdivided into 18 Union Councils.

References

Tehsils of Larkana District
Mirpur Khas (Sindhi and ), is a city in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. It is the fourth largest city in the province with an estimated population of 124,371 (1981). It is the capital of Mirpur Khas District.

Its soil is fertile and the city is known for its horticulture produce and farming, of which the most celebrated is the mango cultivation with hundreds of varieties of mangoes produced each year.

Cities in Sindh
Mirpur Khas District
Allahabad is a town of Nawabshah District in the southern Sindh province of Pakistan. It is at 26°53'30N 67°45'0E.

References

Nawabshah District
Towns in Sindh
Nawabshah Airport is at Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.

Other websites 
 Airblue at Nawabshah Airport 
 Satellite Image of Nawabshah Airport
 Nawabshah City Web Portal 

Airports in Pakistan
Nawabshah District
Naushahro Feroze () is town in Naushahro Feroze District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is the capital of Naushahro Feroze District.

Towns in Sindh
Tehsils of Naushahro Feroze District
Tando Allahyar (, ) is a town in Sindh, Pakistan. It is the capital of Tando Allahyar District.

Towns in Sindh
Tando Allahyar District
Began Jarwar is a village and Head quarter of Union Council Began Jarwar of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chamber Taluka. It is in the south of the district to the southeast of the district capital Tando Allahyar at 25°25'35N 68°50'20E. The Union Council has 41,890 people.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Bukera Sharif is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is part of Tando Allahyar Taluka in the southwest of the district.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Dad Khan Jarwar is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan.  It has 65,295 people. It is part of Chamber Taluka. It is in the south of the district at 25°19'5N 68°43'20E.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Dasori is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It has a population of 49,427 and is part of Jhando Mari Taluka.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Dhaghano Bozdar is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. The Union Council has 56,892 people. It is part of Tando Allahyar Taluka. It is in the west of the district.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Mirabad is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It has 57,361 people. It is in the northeast of the district where it forms part of Jhando Mari Taluka.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Missan is a Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in Sindh, Pakistan. It is one of the largest Union Councils of the District, it has a population of over 13,000.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Pak Singhar is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is and is part of Tando Allahyar Taluka. It is southeast of the capital. The Union Council has 43,473 people.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Piyaro Lund is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan, it has 23,613 people. It is part of Jhando Mari Taluka. It is in the south of the district.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Piyaro Lund is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is and is part of Chamber Taluka and is in the southeast of the district, the Union Council has 35,169 people.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Shaikh Moosa is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is part of Tando Allahyar Taluka. It is in the centre of the district. The Union Council has 65,776 people.

References

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Tando Soomro, or Tando Soomaro, is a village and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Tando Soomro lies 7 km to the north-west of the district capital - Tando Allahyar at  25°31'60N 68°40'60E.

Subdivisions

Demography
Tando Soomro has many different communities or ‘Zaats’. There are two main communities in Tando Soomro: Nizamanis and Khaskhalis. There are also Maachhis, Bhayas, Narayjaas, Gurati Hindus, Dayaas, Syeds or Shah, Mirzas, Manganhars, Menghwaars, Koriyaa & Pashtuns, Wadhaas, Shiekh or Khatis, Shoraas, Brohis, Pakhiara or Kihaas and Mirjats. The number of non-Muslims is 16,786, or 32% of the population which is significantly higher than the national average of 4%.

References

Other websites
 Satellite Images of Tando Sumro

Union councils of Tando Allahyar District
Jalalabad  () is a city in eastern Afghanistan. Jalalabad is the capital of Nangarhar Province. By road, it is about  from Kabul to the west. It is also about the same distance from Peshawar in Pakistan to the east. About 360.000 people live there.

Although most of the people of Jalalabad are Pashtun, a few Dari-speaking Tajiks live there, too. Sunni Islam is the main religion of the people. 

Cities in Afghanistan
Nangarhar Province
The Politics of Pakistan has seen many changes over the years. The military have sometimes been running the country. Recently however the country has returned to democratic rule.

Pakistan is a federal republic, at the moment, the President of Pakistan is the head of state and the Prime Minister is head of government.

References
The president of Pakistan (, Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the head of state of Pakistan. Pakistan has a parliamentary form of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a five-year term. The electoral college is made up of the Senate, National Assembly, and the provincial assemblies.

The position of president in Pakistan has usually been one of a figurehead. That is with real power being given to the Prime Minister. However the power of the president has changed over the years, due to the military changing the role.

History 
In 1947, Pakistan became a dominion and part of the British Commonwealth with the British Monarch as head of state, represented by the Governor-General of Pakistan. In 1956 Pakistan established its first constitution and became a Republic, and the Queen and Governor-General were replaced by the president.
Pakistan's first president was Iskander Mirza, who was also the last Governor General. In 1958, he removed the constitution and declared martial law. A few weeks later, he was overthrown by General Ayub Khan, who then declared himself president. The constitution was changed and the president became the ruler of Pakistan. The constitution also said that the president be elected by the people. Elections were held in 1963, and Khan defeated Fatima Jinnah, sister of founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

List of presidents of Pakistan

List of presidents of Pakistan

Living former presidents

Present holder of the post 
The President is now Arif Alvi, a former dentist. He has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018. Before, he was a member of the National Assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. He is a member of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, a moderate Party with democratic ideals.

Notes

References

Other websites
 President of Pakistan: Official Website
Bakrani () is a town in Larkana District, Sindh province of Pakistan. This town is 12 km south of Larkana city on the Larkana-Mohenjo-daro road. It has an altitude of 53 metres and is the headquarters of Bakrani Taluka.

References

Larkana District
Ratodero is the capital of Ratodero Taluka a sub-division of Larkana District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is located some 30 km away from the district capital Larkana.

Administration
Ratodero Taluka is administratively subdivided into 9 Union Councils two of which form the town of Ratodero these are:

Ratodero-I
Ratodero-II

Famous People
There have been many people from Ratodero including two former Prime Ministers - Zulfikar and Benazir Bhutto.

Hazrat Sufi Ghamdil sain

References

Cities in Sindh
Tehsils of Larkana District
English is the official language of Pakistan. Urdu is the national language. It is also known as Lashkari Zaban or just Lashkari. It is believed to have started in Punjab with Lahore as it's capital during Ghaznavid rule.

Provincial languages
There are also provincial languages, Balochi language, Pashto, Saraiki, Sindhi and Punjabi, and one semi-provincial language Koshur (Kashmiri language).
Background
Pakistan is heir to one of the most ancient civilizations in the world along with Iraq and Egypt. They also had ancient indigenous languages before being replaced by their present-day languages. These languages have not been used in the domains of power because the rulers of these regions were generally foreigners. But the foreigners, whether the Persians, ancient Greeks, Arabs, Turco-Mongols as well as the British, have all influenced the indigenous languages so that their vocabulary is multilingual and varied. As the people of these areas converted to Islam, Arabic and Persian words influenced and became part of their identity, and remain so. In a sense, it is their very presence, as well as the Arabic-based scripts of all 75 Pakistani languages, which gave them a cultural unity.
Linguistics
Linguistically, Pakistan is almost entirely Indo-Iranic as it's languages belong to the Indo-Iranic family of languages. Its scripture and vocabulary owe very much so to Arabic and based on Farsi (which also derived it's own script from Arabic). 

For example; the national anthem is a highly Persianized form of Urdu.

Other languages

Other languages include Burushaski, Balti, Domaaki, Gawar-bati, Erina, Wakhi, Shina and Brahvi.

References

Languages of Pakistan
Empedocles  was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher who lived in Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Sicily. 

Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the origin of the cosmogenic theory of the four classical elements in the Western world. He also proposed powers called Love and Strife which would act as forces to bring about the mixture and separation of the elements. 

Influenced by the Pythagoreans, he supported the doctrine of reincarnation. Empedocles was perhaps the last Greek philosopher to record his ideas in verse. Some of his work still survives today, more so than in the case of any other Presocratic philosopher. Empedocles' death was mythologized by ancient writers, and has been the subject of a number of literary treatments.

References 

Presocratic philosophers
Forensic psychology is a branch of psychology which relates to the law. The main part of forensic psychology is working with the criminal justice system.

Forensic psychology is the use of psychological practices and principles and applying them to the legal system, mainly in court. In 1893 James McKeen Cattell at Columbia University was the first to research and study the psychology of testimony. 

The American Psychological Association Council of Representatives in 2001 recognized Forensic psychology as a specialty. A broad definition for forensic psychology includes two parts. The first part is to research human behavior that is and/or can be related to the legal process. The second is the use of psychological practice to consult on and within the legal system, including both criminal and civil law.
Major roles 
Forensic psychology has some major roles in a court that bring psychology into a legal arena. The first is "malingering" a defendant is pretending to have a  mental illness, or is lying to the court about his state of mind. A forensic psychologist keeps in mind that a defendant may have a mental disorder but also keeps in mind to watch for signs of deception, or errors in the defendant’s story.  Another job of a forensic psychologist is to investigate the state of mind of the defendant at the time he or she committed the crime. Another is to see whether or not the defendant is able to be charged with the crimes due to his or her mental condition. Another job is to evaluate the defendant to see if he or she is able to be rehabilitated, or if they might commit the crime again.

History of forensic psychology 
The branch of psychology known as Forensic psychology has been in existence for a little over 50 years.  This branch of psychology has gone through many changes throughout the years.
These changes have been possible due to a development in different ways to assess psychological factors.  These assessments are used in courtrooms in order to work to understand behaviors which are criminal or abnormal.  These tests include but are not limited to: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Rorschach Ink Blot Test and The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 

The ancient Greeks and Romans were the ones to first introduce the concept of insanity to the law. One of the first cases was Rex v. Arnold in 1723 in which Edward Arnold "Mad Ned" shot and injured Lord Onslow.  As a result, Edward Arnold was found guilty and sentenced to death.  But, Lord Onslow was not satisfied with this decision and said instead he should remain in prison for life. The judge ruled in his favor and that the behavior after the crime was admissible.  This ruling set the stage for future trials to consider medical testimony and examinations performed after the crime.
Rorschach ink blot test 
The Rorschach Ink Blot Test was developed in the 1930s by a man named Hermann Rorschach.   With this test, subjects were shown an ambiguous blot of ink on a page and were asked to describe what they see.  Based on the response of the subject, they are then evaluated using a scale which can then provide inferences about their personality characteristics as well as emotional functioning.  Based on the contributions of this test, it has been used in multiple court proceedings including but not limited to criminal, civil, domestic, and quasi-legal.

References

Other websites 
http://www.all-about-forensic-psychology.com/
http://www.ap-ls.org/
http://www.apa.org/

Branches of psychology
Forensics
In professional wrestling, a tag team is a team of two wrestlers who are working together as a team (more than two is called a stable). Most of the time they are close partners and backstage friends who team with each other almost all the time, while other times they are wrestlers that fight by themselves most of the time who team together for just one match.

They usually wrestle against the same number of other wrestlers on the other team or teams, however in the occasional "handicap match" there may be more wrestlers on one team then the other, for example André the Giant often wrestled against two or more opponents.

Professional wrestling
Tajja(타짜 in Korean) means a professional gambler in Korea. Tajja is a comic book drew by the Korean best cartoonist "Heo Young-Man", written by the author "Kim Se-Young". This novel was once serialized in the newspaper 'Donga-ilbo'. Tajja was made in a book on 2006 september 28th. Tajja has made a 'Tajja syndrome' right away the publication among the adult readers. Recently, although this comic book is a adult-comic, every ages and sex is watching this comic book. Tajja has shown the human's desire in the front.

To do so, cartoonist "Heo Young-Man" based on a thorough collection of data by himself. He went everywhere if you could gather a information about his comic.
Tajja won high praises without stint through its production that perfectly penetrated the material and a reality which it makes us an illusion like we are watching a movie.
Because Heo Young-Man is the cartoonist who Korean likes the best, the reader can feel Heo Young-Man's value through Tajja.
The story is about a guy who is born in South Korea, Busan. He was a normal child as others.
But one day he went to a gambling house by coincidence. That was the problem, he lost all of his money, and brought his sisters money which must be used in a marriage of her sister.
Of course he lost all of his money again. So the story starts from now on to be a professional gambler and gather lots of money.

Comic books
Opportunity cost is the value of the next best thing you give up whenever you make a decision. It is "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen". 

The idea of an opportunity cost was first begun by John Stuart Mill. The utility has to be more than the opportunity cost for it to be a good choice in economics.

For example, opportunity cost is how much leisure time we give up to work. Because leisure and income are both valued, we have to decide whether to work, or do what we want. Going to work implies more income but less leisure. Staying at home is more leisure yet less income.

Another example is deciding to stop work to go back to university. By choosing to go to university, your opportunity cost is losing your job and your pay check. Even though going back to university has a big opportunity cost, many people think it is a good decision because increased education gives you more job opportunities.
And in other words, opportunity cost can be termed as cost of forgone alternatives or cost of shifting from one opportunity to the other.

References 

Economics
Virgin Killer is the fourth album by the German heavy metal band Scorpions. It was released in 1976, and it helped the Scorpions gain fans outside Europe. The album's cover has caused controversy, as it features a naked young girl. Some of the band members have said that the cover is okay, but others have said that they feel bad about releasing it. Some magazines and websites, such as Cracked and Gigwise.com, have called it one of the worst album covers of all time.

In 2008, the English Wikipedia page for Virgin Killer was put on a blacklist (a list of bad content) by the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF), a UK organization. Because of this, many major Internet service providers (ISPs) in the UK were banned from seeing the page. The IWF called the cover "indecent".

References

1976 albums
Hard rock albums
Heavy metal albums
Scorpions (band)
Dendrobium is one of the largest genus of orchids with about 1000 species being known. Being such a large group creates much diversity. Dendrobiums are found only in the Eastern Hemisphere and range from Australia, throughout the South Pacific and Philippines, Southeast Asia, and India, and a small representation in Japan.

Orchids
BBC HD is a high-definition television channel provided by the BBC. The service was initially run as a trial from 15 May 2006 until becoming a full service on 1 December 2007. The first HD originated program to be shown on the channel was Planet Earth, shown on 27 May 2006.

References

Other websites

BBC HD International
BBC HD Australia

BBC HD at TV Ark 
BBC Trust Public Value Test Final Conclusions document 

BBC television channels
The manta ray (Manta birostris) is the largest species of the rays. The largest known specimen was more than  across, with a weight of about . It ranges throughout tropical waters of the world, typically around coral reefs. They have the largest brain-to-body ratio of the sharks, rays and skates (Elasmobranchii), a brain which is kept warm during lengthy dives to as deep as  in cold water.

Mantas may be at least two different species, the giant manta (Manta birostris), which migrates, and another smaller one called the reef manta (Manta alfredi), which does not. The genus may need revising.

Manta rays are probably at the top of the food chain. Some shark species, such as the tiger shark may hunt them.

References 

Rays
Yulia Vladimirovna Barsukova (Russian Ю́лия Влади́мировна Барсуко́ва,) December 31, 1979, Moscow,Russia) is a Russian former rhythmic gymnast. She won the all-around gold medal at the Sydney Olympics. She left gymnastic to pursue a career in couple figure skating alongside her ex-husband and soon left the sport and gave birth to a child in 2008.

Russian gymnasts
1979 births
Living people
The Book of Baruch, sometimes called 1 Baruch, is a deuterocanonical or apocryphal book of the Bible, meaning it is considered part of the Bible by Catholics and members of the Orthodox Church but generally not by Protestants.  Even though it is not in the Hebrew Bible, it is in the Septuagint and in the Vulgate Bible, and also in Theodotion's version of the Bible. The Book claims to be have been written by the secretary of the prophet Jeremiah called Baruch in the sixth century BC, which might be true, but the Book was likely only completed in the first century BC. A manuscript of Baruch was found at the Caves of Qumran. The Book of Baruch contains prayer, a request for forgiveness, a recommendation to learn wisdom, a call to be hopeful in the face of Jerusalem's destruction, as well as a reminder to avoid worshiping idols.

Catholic Bibles also add the Letter of Jeremiah to the Book of Baruch as a sixth chapter.

References
References

Other websites 
Jewish Encyclopedia: Baruch
 
N.A.B. Introduction to Baruch 
Prophecy of Baruch  Full Text by chapter
Latin Vulgate with Douay-Rheims freeware with bookmarking, search, and other features
The Book of Baruch Full text from http://St-Takla.org (also available in Arabic)
World Wide Study Bible: Baruch
Encyclopedia Britannica: Baruch

Books of the Bible