Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Marguerite Chapman (March 9, 1918 - August 31, 1999) was an American movie and television actress of the 1940s through 1970s. Born on March 9, 1918, in Chatham, New York, she originally was working as a telephone operator in White Plains, New York, until she went to work as a model for the John Powers Agency in New York City where she was featured in several pictorials and magazine covers. She arrived in Hollywood in December 1939. Her first movie was in 1940. She appeared in 75 features, some of which include A Man's World (1942), The Seven Year Itch (1955), and The Amazing Transparent Man (1960). She also made guest appearances on such syndicated television programs as Hawaii Five-O, Marcus Welby, M.D., Laramie, Police Story, and Barnaby Jones. She retired from acting in 1977. She lived in Burbank, California, until her death on August 31, 1999.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1918 births
1999 deaths
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
People from White Plains, New York
James Luna (February 9, 1950March 4, 2018) was an American performance artist, photographer and multimedia installation artist. His work was best known for challenging the ways in which museum exhibitions depict Native Americans.

With themes of multiculturalism, alcoholism, and colonialism, Luna's work was often funny and theatrical in nature. Luna was a full-time artist and in 2017 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.

References

1950 births
2018 deaths
American artists
American photographers
Writers from California
Stephan Tanneberger (December 27, 1935 – March 5, 2018) was a German oncologist and chemist. He held leading positions in cancer research and therapy in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

Tanneberger served as director of the Zentralinstitut für Krebsforschung (Central Institute of Cancer Research) of the Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR (Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic) from 1974 until 1990. In 2005, he founded a Center for Peace Work in Anklam in northeast Germany. He was born in Chemnitz, Germany.

Tanneberger died in Greifswald, Germany of blood and bone cancer on March 5, 2018 at the age of 82.

References

1935 births
2018 deaths
German chemists
Medical researchers
Indra Bahadur Rai (, 3 February 1927 – 6 March 2018) was a Nepali writer and literary critic from Darjeeling, India. He has been an active writer for over 60 years and has received the Sahitya Akademi Award (for his work Nepali Upanyaska Adharharu), Jagadambashri Puraskar and Agam Singh Giri Smriti Puraskar.

Rai was one of the most well-known modern authors of Nepali literature. His first novel Aaja Ramita Cha was published in 1964. After that, he entered the field of short stories. His first story was published in 1959. His first book Vipana Katipaya, a collection of thirty short stories published in 1960.

References

Other websites
 

1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian critics
Indian essayists
Indian novelists
Short story writers
Kitwe is the second largest city in size and population in the country Zambia.
Kitwe has a population of 504,194 (2010 census). Kitwe was found in 1936 as the railway line was being built by Cecil Rhodes' company.
The city is home to a number of mining operations including the Mopani Copper Mines.

Twin towns – sister cities
Kitwe's has five Twin towns and sister cities:
  - Baia Mare, Romania
  - Bor, Serbia
  - Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom
  - Detroit, Michigan, United States
  - Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil

Other websites 
 Historical, vector-based map of Nkana-Kitwe, 1961

Reference

Cities in Zambia
Copperbelt
The Wellcome Sanger Institute, previously called The Sanger Centre and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, is a non-profit British genomics and genetics research institute. It is funded mostly by the Wellcome Trust.

The Institute is on the Wellcome Genome Campus near the village of Hinxton, outside Cambridge. The campus also has the European Bioinformatics Institute. It was established in 1992 and named after double Nobel Laureate, Frederick Sanger. It was conceived as a large scale DNA sequencing centre. It took part in the Human Genome Project, and then made the largest single contribution to the gold standard sequence of the human genome. From its start the Institute had a policy of data sharing, and does much of its research in collaboration.
Since 2000, the Institute expanded its mission to understand "the role of genetics in health and disease".  The Institute now employs around 900 people and does four main areas of research: human genetics, pathogen genetics, mouse and zebrafish genetics and bioinformatics.

References 

Research organisations in the United Kingdom
Genetics
Cambridgeshire
University of Cambridge
1992 establishments in the United Kingdom
The Wellcome Trust is a biomedical research charity based in London. It was established in 1936. The money came from legacies of the pharmaceutical magnate Sir Henry Wellcome. Its purpose is to fund research to improve human and animal health. 

The Trust aims to "achieve extraordinary improvements in health by supporting the brightest minds". In addition to funding biomedical research, it supports the public understanding of science. It has an endowment of £23.2 billion (2017) making it the second wealthiest charitable foundation in the world (the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the richest).

The Trust has been described by the Financial Times as the United Kingdom's largest provider of non-governmental funding for scientific research. It is one of the largest providers in the world.

References 

1936 establishments in Europe
Research organisations in the United Kingdom
1930s establishments in the United Kingdom
Elizabeth Lydia "Eliza" Manningham-Buller, Baroness Manningham-Buller LG DCB (born 14 July 1948) is one of the most senior women in British public life.

She was Director General of MI5, the British internal Security Service, from October 2002 until her retirement on 20 April 2007, aged 58. She became a crossbench life peer on 18 April 2008. She is now chair of the Wellcome Trust, the largest private financer of medical research in the UK.

Early years 
Her father, Reginald Manningham-Buller, was Lord Chancellor from 1954 to 1962. Ms Manninham-Buller was educated at Northampton High School, Beneden School and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. She was recruited into the Security Service in her 20s.
Career in MI5 
Specializing in counter-terrorism rather than MI5's usual counter-espionage, she was active at the time of the Lockerbie bombing by Libya in 1988. She worked for K-branch against the IRA. During the early 1980s she was said to be one of only five people who knew that Oleg Gordievsky, the deputy head of the KGB at the Soviet Embassy in London, was actually a double agent.

She was sent to Washington, D.C. as liaison to the US intelligence community over the first Gulf War. Then she led the newly created MI5 Irish counter-terrorism section from 1992. She was promoted to the Management Board of the Security Service the next year.
Manningham-Buller became the director in charge of surveillance and technical operations. She was appointed Deputy Director General in 1997, and succeeded Sir Stephen Lander as Director General in 2002. She was the second woman to take on the role after Dame Stella Rimington. As Director General, she was paid £150,000 a year. She established a website and recruited agents through newspaper advertisements. Under her direction, terror risk assessments were made public for the first time.

In the 2005 Birthday Honours, Manningham-Buller was appointed to the Order of the Bath as a Dame Commander (DCB). She resigned from MI5 on 21 April 2007, and was succeeded by her deputy, Jonathan Evans. That month marked the end of her 33rd year in the Security Service. She was raised to the peerage as Baroness Manningham-Buller, of Northampton in the County of Northamptonshire on 2 June 2008.
BBC Reith Lectures 
In June 2011, the BBC announced Eliza Manningham-Buller would present the 2011 Reith Lectures, alongside the Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a series entitled Securing Freedom. Eliza Manningham-Buller's lectures broadcast on BBC Radio 4 and the BBC world service in September 2011, marked the ten-year anniversary of the September 11 attacks on the United States.

In her first lecture, titled "Terror", recorded at BBC Broadcasting House in London, she reflected on the lasting significance of 11 September 2001, asking was it a terrorist crime, an act of war, or something different. She also examined the impact the US-led invasion of Iraq had on the fight against al-Qaeda.
In her third and final lecture, titled "Freedom", recorded at the British Library in London, she discussed foreign policy priorities since the September 11 attacks. She stated that it was "necessary" to talk to dictators and terrorists, to protect security and said that the British government's decision to engage with Colonel Gaddafi in 2003 was "the right decision". She went on to say that protecting British citizens would be impossible if the security services were restricted to talking only to those with shared values and cited examples where people once deemed terrorists were now part of the political establishment: "Look at Northern Ireland, where former terrorists are in government... look at Mandela and the ANC which used terror tactics when it was in exile."

References 

1948 births
Living people
British intelligence people
Directors of intelligence agencies
Knights of the Garter
Order of the Bath
People from Northampton
Graham Robert Rahal (born January 4, 1989) is an American race car driver. He currently drives in the IndyCar Series with Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing and the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship with Acura Team Penske.

Racing career 

Rahal began his major racing career in 2006, finishing second in the Champ Car Atlantic championship while winning five races. Rahal ran in the Champ Car Series in 2007, competing for Newman/Haas Racing.
He moved up to the IndyCar Series for 2008 and won his first race, in St. Petersburg, Florida. With the win, Rahal became the youngest winner in open-wheel racing. He ran sixteen of the seventeen remaining races of the year. In his debut Indianapolis 500, Rahal hit the wall while trying to make a pass early in the race and finished in last place. A year later in St. Petersburg, Rahal became the youngest driver in open wheel history to win a pole. At the end of his first full IndyCar season in 2009, he finished seventh in points. For 2010, Rahal signed on for two races with Sarah Fisher Racing in the beginning of the season. He also ran the Indianapolis 500 with his father's team, and ran a few races with his old team, Newman/Haas Racing.

In late 2010, Rahal and TBC Corporation announced a two year sponsorship deal that allowed Rahal to race for different teams.
For 2013, Rahal joined Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing, a team partially owned by his father Bobby Rahal. In 2015, Rahal won at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. In 2017, Rahal won at Belle Isle Raceway in Detroit, holding off Scott Dixon.

Personal life 
Rahal is married to NHRA driver Courtney Force. He is the son of former Indianapolis 500 winner Bobby Rahal.

References 

1989 births
Living people
American racecar drivers
IndyCar Series drivers
Preble County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,999. The county seat is Eaton. The county was formed on February 15, 1808 from portions of Butler and Montgomery counties. It is named for Edward Preble, a naval officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War and against the Barbary Pirates.

References 

Ohio counties
1808 establishments in Ohio
Tiffin is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Seneca County. In 2010, 17,963 people lived there.

Tiffin is about 55 miles southeast of Toledo. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Tiffin as a Tree City USA.

Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Jo Min-ki (November 5, 1965 – March 9, 2018) was a South Korean actor, photographer and professor. He was best known for his roles in the television series Love and Ambition, East of Eden, Queen Seondeok, and Flames of Desire. From 2010 until his resignation in February 2018, he was an assistant professor at Cheongju University. 

On February 22, 2018, Jo was accused of sexually harassing his students, which he initially denied. He resigned from his teaching position at Cheongju University. A week later, Jo confirmed the accusations were true and was soon arrested.

Jo was found dead at an underground parking lot in Seoul in an apparent suicide by hanging on March 9, 2018 at the age of 52.

References

1966 births
2018 deaths
Actors who committed suicide
Suicides by hanging
South Korean actors
South Korean academics
Photographers
Jung Jae-sung (also Chung Jae-sung; Hangul: 정재성; Hanja: 鄭在成; ; 25 August 1982 – 9 March 2018) was a South Korean professional badminton player.

Jung was born in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do. He started playing badminton at 7, at his local elementary school. He entered the South Korea national badminton team in 2001.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Jung won a bronze medal.

In 2000, Jung was part of the Korean national junior team competed at the World Junior Championships in Guangzhou, China, and Asian Junior Championships in Kyoto, Japan. In Guangzhou, he won the mixed team bronze after his team lose 2–3 to China, and in Kyoto, he won the boys'doubles silver and boys' team bronze.

Jung died of a heart attack on 9 March 2018 in Seoul at the age of 35.

References

Other websites
 Badzine Player's Database

1982 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
South Korean sportspeople
Badminton players
South Korean Olympic bronze medalists
Cormac McCarthy (born Charles Joseph McCarthy Jr.; July 20, 1933 – June 13, 2023) was an American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter. 

McCarthy's fifth novel, Blood Meridian (1985), was on Time magazine's 2005 list of the 100 best English-language books published since 1923.

For All the Pretty Horses (1992), he won both the U.S. National Book Award and National Book Critics Circle Award. His 2005 novel No Country for Old Men was made as a 2007 movie of the same name, which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

In 2007, McCarthy won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. 

McCarthy died on June 13, 2023 in Santa Fe, New Mexico at the age of 89.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
1933 births
2023 deaths
American novelists
American playwrights
American screenwriters
Writers from Providence, Rhode Island
The Cheetah is a fictional character, created by William Moulton Marston. She appears in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as a major villain to the superhero Wonder Woman.

In 2009, The Cheetah was ranked as IGN's 69th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. Cheetah has superhuman speed, reaction time, strength  and durability to an unknown degree. Her sense of smell has also been enhanced and she is able to see in the dark.

Kristen Wiig plays Dr. Barbara Ann Minerva, a.k.a Cheetah, in Wonder Woman 1984, the 8th movie in the DC Extended Universe.

References

DC Comics characters
Wonder Woman
Doctor Thaddeus Bodog Sivana is a fictional character, a comic book supervillain created by Bill Parker and C. C. Beck. He first appeared opposite superhero Captain Marvel in Whiz Comics.

Sivana was soon established as Captain Marvel's archenemy. In 2009, Doctor Sivana was ranked as IGN's 82nd Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. 

Beck has said Parker created Sivana's name by combining the name of the Indian god Siva with the word "nirvana".

The character will make his cinematic debut in the upcoming 2019 DC Extended Universe movie Shazam!, played by Mark Strong.

References

DC Comics characters
Mark Strong (born Marco Giuseppe Salussolia; 5 August 1963) is an English actor. He is known for his roles in movies such as Stardust, RocknRolla, Body of Lies, Sherlock Holmes, Kick-Ass, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, Zero Dark Thirty, The Imitation Game, Kingsman: The Secret Service, and its sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle.

In 2011, he played Thaal Sinestro, Green Lantern's mentor, in the superhero movie Green Lantern.

In 2018, it was announced that Strong will portray the villain Doctor Thaddeus Sivana in the DC Extended Universe superhero movie Shazam! (2019).

References

Other websites
 

1963 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Actors from London
Black Adam is a fictional supervillain and sometimes antihero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by Otto Binder and C. C. Beck, the character is the archenemy of the superhero Captain Marvel, also known as Shazam.

In 2009, Black Adam was ranked as IGN's 16th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. Dwayne Johnson has been cast as Black Adam in the DC Extended Universe spin-off movie Black Adam (2022).

References

DC Comics supervillains
Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
Göran Bror Benny Andersson (; born 16 December 1946) is a Swedish musician, composer and producer. He was a member of the Swedish music group ABBA (1972–1982), and co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina från Duvemåla, and Mamma Mia!. For the 2008 movie version of Mamma Mia!, he worked also as an executive producer. 

On 15 April 2013, it was officially announced by the EBU and the SVT that Andersson, along with Ulvaeus and the Swedish DJ and record producer Avicii, had composed the anthem for the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest. The song was performed for the first time in the Final on 18 May.

References

1946 births
Living people
Swedish musicians
Swedish screenwriters
Swedish composers
Swedish movie producers
ABBA members
Anni-Frid Synni, Dowager Princess Reuss of Plauen (; née Lyngstad, born 15 November 1945), commonly known as Frida Lyngstad (; ), or just by the mononym, Frida (), is a Norwegian-born Swedish singer-songwriter, and environmentalist. She is best known as one of the lead singers of the Swedish pop band ABBA.

In 1996, Lyngstad recorded her final album in Swedish, Djupa andetag (Deep Breaths), released by Anderson Records, before retiring from music.

In 1992, Lyngstad married Heinrich Ruzzo, Prince Reuss of Plauen, who was a prince of the former sovereign House of Reuss. Heinrich died of lymphoma in 1999.

References

1945 births
Living people
Swedish singer-songwriters
Swedish royalty
Swedish environmentalists
ABBA members
Ron Franklin (December 20, 1959 – March 8, 2018) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. At age 19, he rode Spectacular Bid to wins at the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes. 

Franklin and Spectacular bid were off to the Belmont Stakes at Belmont Park in New York, where he would have won the Triple Crown, but finished third behind Coastal and Golden Act.

Franklin rode 1,403 winning mounts in 9,242 starts from 1978 to 1992, and won purses of more than $14 million.

Franklin died of lung cancer in Baltimore on March 8, 2018 at the age of 58.

References

Other websites
 Franklin and the Race He Lost at The New York Times

1959 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Sportspeople from Baltimore
Ron Cephas Jones (January 8, 1957 – August 19, 2023), sometimes credited as Ron C. Jones, was an American actor. His movie roles include He Got Game (1998), Sweet and Lowdown (1999), Half Nelson (2006), and Across The Universe (2007).

Jones performed stage roles with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago, Illinois. He starred on the NBC dramedy series This Is Us as William Hill.

Jones died on 19 August 2023 from lung disease at the age of 66.

References

Other websites
 

1957 births
2023 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Paterson, New Jersey
Deaths from lung disease
Sterling Kelby Brown (born April 5, 1976) is an American actor. He starred in the FX drama The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story, for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award. He currently stars as Randall Pearson on the NBC drama This Is Us. The role made Brown win his second Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild.

References

Other websites

Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1976 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
Linda Sarsour (born 1980) is an American political activist and former executive director of the Arab American Association of New York.  Sarsour is a Muslim from a Palestinian background.  She was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1980, the oldest of seven children. Her parents immigrated from the West Bank in the 1970s. Sarsour attended public schools growing up in the Sunset Park neighborhood. Linda Sarsour was married at the age of seventeen.  She had an arranged marriage.  She had three children with her husband by the time she had become twenty five.

Sarsour gained national attention for her advocacy on behalf of American Muslims and as a co-chair of the 2017 Women's March.

Sarsour spoke as a strong supporter for U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders during the 2016 presidential campaign.

References

Other websites
Official White House profile
Arab American Association of New York 
The Linda Sarsour Show
1980 births
Living people
American political activists
American political writers
American feminists
American progressives
American Muslims
Writers from New York City
Sergei Viktorovich Skripal (, born 23 June 1951) is a former Russian military intelligence officer. He acted as a double agent for Britain's intelligence services during the 1990s and early 2000s. 

In December 2004, he was arrested by Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) and later tried, convicted of high treason, and imprisoned. He settled in the UK in 2010 following the Illegals Program spy swap and moved to Salisbury, Wiltshire.

On 4 March 2018, Skripal and his daughter were poisoned with a nerve agent, later identified as Novichok. They were in a critical condition at Salisbury District Hospital. The poisoning is being investigated as an attempted murder.

On 9 April 2018, Yulia Skripal was discharged from hospital and taken to a secure location. On 18 May 2018, Sergei Skripal was discharged from the hospital too.

References
References

1951 births
Living people
British intelligence people
Russian crime victims
Russian intelligence people
Russian military people
Soviet intelligence people
Soviet military people
Spies
Xi'an-Yuxia Railway，also Xi'an-Huxian Railway.from Longhai railway Sanmincun Railway Station.go pass Lianhu,Weiyang,Yanta,Chang'an ,Huyi.Yuxia Railway Station is at the end of it.

References

Shaanxi
Rail transport in the People's Republic of China
Yuxia Railway Station is in Yuxia, Huyi, Xi'an. It is a Railway Station on Xi'an-Yuxia Railway. In November 1955, it opened and started using during Chinese First five-year plan. On October 21, 2000, it stopped carrying passengers. Then it only carried goods.

References

Other websites 
 余下站怀旧 
 http://bbs.hsw.cn/a/t729/709729.html 

Railway stations in Asia
Rail transport in the People's Republic of China
1955 establishments in Asia
Ryhall & Belmesthorpe railway station (originally Ryhall & Belmisthorpe) was a station in Belmesthorpe and about half a mile from Ryhall, both in Rutland. It was the only intermediate station on the Stamford and Essendine Railway, later Great Northern Railway, single track line between Stamford and Essendine. It was sited south of a level crossing at the west end of the village. The goods yard was to the north of the level crossing.

References

Railway stations in England
Rutland
1856 establishments in Europe
1959 disestablishments
1850s establishments in the United Kingdom
1950s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
The Fremantle Football Club, nicknamed the Dockers, is an Australian Rules Football team in the Australian Football League (AFL) based in Fremantle, Western Australia. The club was formed in 1994 to represent Fremantle in the AFL. They played their first game on 1 April 1995.  The club also has a women's team in the AFL Women's league.

Their colours are purple and white.  When they first played, they wore red, green, purple and white jumpers, but changed to just purple and white in 2011.

Fremantle's captain is Nathan Fyfe and their coach is Ross Lyon.  Matthew Pavlich holds the record for most games played and most goals kicked by a Fremantle player.  Peter Bell is the only former Fremantle player who is in the Australian Football Hall of Fame.  The women's team is captained by Kara Donnellan and coached by Michelle Cowan.
Fremantle started playing their home games at the Perth Stadium in 2018. Before that, they played at Subiaco Oval.  The women's team plays most of their home games at Fremantle Oval, but has also played at Perth Stadium, Subiaco Oval and Ruston Park in Mandurah.  Their game at Perth Stadium in 2018 set a record for the biggest ever crowd at a women's Australian football match.

The Dockers have not yet won an AFL championship, which is known as the premiership.  In 2013, they made the Grand Final for the first time, but lost the game to Hawthorn.

Club song
Freo, heave ho!
Freo, heave ho!
Give em all the old
Freo, heave ho!

[Chorus:]
Freo, way to go
Hit 'em real hard, send 'em down below
Oh Freo, give 'em the old heave-ho
We are the Freo Dockers.
We're the rollers, we're the rockers,
We're the mighty Freo Dockers.We're gonna roll 'em and we'll rock 'em,We're gonna send 'em to the bottomAnd if they get up, we'll do it again.The Dockers stop at nothing, nothing![Chorus]Doc-Doc-DockersShow 'em how we rockFreo, heave ho!Doc-Doc-DockersShow 'em how we rollGo Dockers, go, go, go!''

References

Other websites
 Fremantle Football Club website

Australian Football League
Fremantle
Christopher Joseph Gedney (August 9, 1970 – March 9, 2018) was an American college and professional football player. He was born in Liverpool, New York. He was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons. He played professionally for the Chicago Bears and Arizona Cardinals of the NFL.

Gedney died on March 9, 2018 in Syracuse, New York, age 47.

References

1970 births
2018 deaths
Arizona Cardinals players
Chicago Bears players
Sportspeople from New York (state)
People from Syracuse, New York
Liverpool is a lakeside village in Onondaga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,347 at the 2010 census. The name was named from the city of Liverpool in the United Kingdom. 

The village is on Onondaga Lake, in the western part of the town of Salina and is northwest of Syracuse, of which it is a suburb.

References

Villages in New York (state)
Crown Prince Hyojang (; February 15, 1719 - November 16, 1728) is a member of the Joseon dynasty. His real name is Yi Haeng ().
He is the first son of crown prince Yeongjo of Joseon. He is the elder half-brother of Crown Prince Sado. He died when he was 9 years old. The cause is unknown.

References 

1719 births
1728 deaths
Korean princes and princesses‎
Edgar Chagwa Lungu (born 11 November 1956) was the 6th President of Zambia from 2015 until 2021. He is a former Minister of Justice, Minister of Defence and Minister of Home Affairs. Following President Michael Sata's death in October 2014, Lungu was chosen as the candidate for the Patriotic Front for the January 2015 presidential by-election, which was to determine who would serve out the remainder of Sata's term. In the election, he narrowly defeated his opposition Hakainde Hichilema and took office on 25 January 2015.

Lungu was elected to a full presidential term in the August 2016 election. Lungu was sworn in for his first full term on 13 September 2016. He lost his re-election bid in 2021, losing to businessman Hakainde Hichilema.
Early life and career
Lungu was born 11 November 1956 at Ndola Central Hospital. After graduating with a law degree in 1981 from the University of Zambia, he joined the law firm Andre Masiye and Company in Lusaka. He subsequently underwent military officer training at Miltez in Kabwe under Zambia National Service (ZNS). He then returned to practising law. He then joined politics.

In 2010, Edgar Lungu had his law practicing licence suspended by the Law Association of Zambia. This was after he was found guilty of professional misconduct.

Political career
He joined the United Party for National Development(UPND) under Anderson Mazoka, but later switched to the Patriotic Front (PF) which was led by party founder Michael Sata.
After the PF won the 2011 election, Lungu became Junior Minister in the Vice-President's office. He was subsequently promoted to Minister of Home Affairs on 9 July 2012. He became Minister of Defence on 24 December 2013 after Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba resigned from his ministerial post, and he functioned as Acting President during President Sata's long term illness in 2013–14. 

When President Sata went abroad for medical treatment on 19 October 2014, Lungu was left in charge of the country in his absence. When Sata died on 28 October 2014, Vice-President Guy Scott took over as Acting President, and Lungu was seen as one of the main contenders to ultimately succeed Sata in a presidential by-election.
On 3 November 2014, Acting President Scott dismissed Lungu as Secretary-General of the PF. He replaced him with Davis Mwila, the Member of Parliament for Chipili. However, the next day, on 4 November 2014, Scott announced Lungu was to remain as Secretary-General after Mwila declined to take up his appointment. On 30 November 2014, Lungu was elected as President of the Patriotic Front at a national convention of the party held in Kabwe, Zambia. However the convention was unusual because no voting took place. Instead, the unaccredited delegates elected him by raising hands.

On 20 January 2015 Lungu contested the presidential by-election and beat his closest rival Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development. He was declared the winner by the Electoral Commission of Zambia on 24 January. He lost his re-election in August 2021 to businessman Hakainde Hichilema, however he does not want to say he lost the election calling it a fraud.
Personal life
Lungu is married to Esther Lungu and has six children. Lungu and his family are practicing Baptists.

References

Other websites
 

1956 births
Living people
Presidents of Zambia
Lawyers
Nonlinear programming is a way to solve a mathematical optimization problem. A number of equations and inequalities defines such a system. They are called constraints. Nonlinear programming is similar to linear programming, except that the functions and constraints are non-linear.

Mathematics
Chhota Bheem is an Indian animated comedy-adventure television series. This show available in English, Hindi, Telugu and Tamil.

Outline
The series was created by Rajiv Chilaka. Premiered in 2008 on Pogo TV, it focuses on adventures of a boy named Bheem and his friends in the fictional kingdom of Dholakpur. In this series, Bheem and his friends are usually involved in protecting Raja Indravarma, the king of Dholakpur and his kingdom from various evil forces. Sometimes they also help other kingdoms. It is one of the most popular animated series for children in India. There are also currently 47 movies that are based on the show.
The series is set in the fictional kingdom of Dholakpur somewhere in rural India. The series revolves around Bheem, sometimes referred to as Chhota Bheem due to his small age, He is a nine-year-old boy who is brave, strong and intelligent. Bheem's rival is Kalia, who is envious of Bheem's popularity, Kalia along with his sidekicks who are always jealous of Bheem, they are twin brothers named Dholu and Bholu with their “Ustaad” Kalia, they always plot to embarrass and defeat Bheem, but never succeed. Most of the initial stories revolted around Bheem and his friends Raju, Jaggu and Chutki and rivalry with Kalia and his friends. Bheem gets his strength from laddoo, an orange Indian sweet. However, as the series has progressed, this Kalia topic has been adopted as the subject less often, although Kalia is still just as eager prove himself superior to Bheem, A large number of episodes also focus on Bheem and his team solving various problems affecting the village
. Fighting Misty evils that seek to harm Dholakpur or its inhabitants and their antics which often get them into trouble during early days. Broadcaster Pogo TV has stressed that storyline be kept simple and mysteries and complex plot avoided as all cost as the viewers where too young to understand but today, there are no restrictions.
Characters

Main
Chhota Bheem: Bheem is the main protagonist of the show. He is an adventurous, fun-loving but virtuous boy who is gifted with superhuman strength. This strength can be powered up by consuming laddoos, his favorite food. Bheem appears bare-chested, wearing an orange dhoti and a gold pendant. He has brown hair.

His power is a boon for his village, Dholakpur, which is constantly beset by all kinds of problems. Bheem is beloved and respected by the village for being l kind and using his strength to help those who are poor, wronged, or needy, and may be considered a little guardian of the villagers and the animals in and around Dholakpur. Bheem is often seen defeating enemies who attack Dholakpur or harm the villagers, like the evil demon Kirmada, the robber Mangal Singh, and the evil witch. Having gained king Raja Indraverma's trust, Bheem discusses the village issues with the ministers of the kingdom. Being intelligent and strong he represents Dholakpur in various matters and competitions.
Chutki: Chutki is a 7 year old young girl and the daughter of Tuntun Mausi, the sweet-maker. She often helps Bheem sneak laddoos from her mother's shop. Chutki is the brains of the team. She wears a purple floral lehenga and has her brown hair in twin braids. Her name means young or little one.

Chutki is Bheem's closest friend and he often relies on her to solve any puzzles or difficult situations with her intelligence. She first met Bheem, Raju, and Jaggu when Bheem saved her from a raging bull. While she is responsible for her household chores and gentle towards everyone and other creatures, she can be tough when the situation demands it.

In many episodes and films, she is depicted as being good at martial arts. Chutki frequently supplies Bheem with laddoos on missions to boost his strength.

Raju: Raju is a daring, and mischievous boy, whose role model is Bheem. He is a bald toddler who wears nothing but his blue underpants.
Raju's size belies his courage, which he gets from his father, commander of the King's army. Raju also wants to be the commander of the Army. He is a prodigy at archery and has won the "Arjuna Cup". Raju is also very articulate and intelligent for his age, being able to converse and follow along with his older friends on their adventures with no difficulty.

Raju is a diminutive form of Raja and means “king”.

Jaggu: Jaggu is a blue, talking monkey. Jaggu has a special way of solving problems, using tricks accompanied by his sense of humor. Bheem learns useful techniques like swinging from trees from him. Whenever they are really hungry, Jaggu assists them in stealing laddus. He also loves playing tricks on Kalia, Dholu, and Bholu.
Kalia: Kalia is an envious bully. He is depicted as an ambitious boy who is always outshone by Bheem. He has two fearful lackeys, Dholu and Bholu, twin brothers who sometimes help him with his plans and, at other times, quickly abandon him. He often blows his own trumpet by claiming he is the strongest and most courageous person. Whenever any problem arises, he runs away. Despite his competitive personality, he also helps the gang out with important matters, such as an attack on Dholakpur. He is depicted as a tall and overweight boy wearing only a short tied-up grey dhoti and lots of gold jewelry.

Kalia is a nickname that means “dark one” or “tan-skinned”.
Dholu and Bholu: Dholu and Bholu are identical twins and followers of Kalia. Though they are not strong themselves, they bask in Kalia's strength. Despite their support for a bully, they have kind hearts and have also won a trophy for their close brotherhood. But sometimes, they argue among themselves and get scolded by Kalia. Their clothing differentiates them, each twin wears a similar set of olive green and brown turban, t-shirt, and pants with opposite coloring.

Dholu means “drummer” and Bholu means “innocent”.

Recurring
Indumati: Indumati is the Princess of Dholakpur and daughter of Indraverma and the elder sister of Ravi Varma. She is a kindhearted 7-year-old girl. She is also a friend of Bheem, Chutki, Raju, Jaggu, Kalia, Dholu, and Bholu. She has blue eyes, and reddish brown hair, and wears a blue and gold with an orange flower adorning her hair. While she seldom joins the gang on missions, she is a trusted friend and supports them.
Indraverma: The King of Dholakpur and the father of Indumati and Ravi Varma. He lives in a palace on top of a hill overlooking Dholakpur. He mostly relies on Bheem for any crisis in the kingdom and trusts the boy greatly.

Kichak: Kichak is a teen wrestler from Pehelwanpur. Like Kalia, Kichak is also jealous of Bheem, since Bheem is more popular than him. But he is defeated on all occasions. Kichak's jealousy towards Bheem is a bit more severe than Kalia's. Other members in Kichak's gang include Chhotta Mannu, Birju, Popatya and Motu.

Chhota Manu: He is also a character from Pehelwanpur. Chhota Manu is physically strong and clever. He is a rival of Raju, whom he never managed to defeat. He is a sidekick as well as a friend of Kichak, making various plans to defeat Bheem.

Daku Mangal Singh: Mangal Singh is a bandit who used to terrorize Dholakpur when he was free. But he was arrested by Bheem. He often comes to rob Dholakpur. His villain rival was Khan Singh, and his brother was Daku Amangal Singh.
Dhooni Baba: Dhooni Baba is a sage who lives in a cave. In the former episodes, he was called "Baba Bol Bachchan". He had a body smeared with ash and was seen meditating on some needles. Indeed, Dhoni means “incense”. Later, his body has no ash smeared and he walks with a walking stick. He is described as a sage who knows almost everything and has divine powers. He gives advice and also a solution to Bheem and his friends.

Tuntun: Tuntun, or Tuntun aunt, She is Chutki's mother. She owns a sweet shop where she sells her famous homemade laddoos. Bheem often aggravates her by stealing laddoos, but she is also kind-hearted like Chutki. Sometimes she gives Bheem laddoos to make him stronger and help him defeat his enemies.

Professor Shastri Dhoomketoo: He is an inventor who lives In Gyanpur (“village of knowledge”). He often ends up getting problems with his inventions, like getting his inventions stolen, or malfunctioning. His inventions include the time machine, a hot air balloon, a super-fast bicycle, etc.
Bheem's Family
Bheem has a family of five members:

Mother: Bheem's unnamed mother lives with him in their home. She is shown as a cameo in many episodes and some movies.

Grandfather- Bheem's grandfather is also a fighter like Bheem. Bheem resembles his grandfather in the fighting. His grandfather owns a magical trunk having magical items in it. He also likes laddoos. Some of his magical items include his magical telescope, in which he protected some fairies from Goblings(demons), magical comb which made hair growth faster,etc. The trunk also included an umbrella which he gifted to Bheem for his bravery.

Father: He was shown in the episode ‘’Diwali Dhamaka’’ and was responsible for bringing the two-headed demon to Dholakpur. But also gives an idea to Bheem regarding that demon's death. But in the movie Bheem in the city, Bheem’s father, whose name is Abhimanyu, works in Raunak Sheher.

Grandmother: His grandmother is never shown in the series but was shown in an advertisement.
Shivani: Bheem's foster sister is Shivani. She lives in Pehelwanpur and runs a dhaba there named "Shivani ka Dhaba". Her father is falsely imprisoned by the cruel king, and to free him she needs 500 gold coins. But the pehalwan (wrestler) Dabbu tries to take over the Dhaba. Bheem comes to her rescue and even frees her father from jail. Their close relationship is demonstrated in an episode where she sent Bheem a letter on Raksha Bandhan, not writing much, leading Bheem to think something was suspicious and going to see her. After he solved her problems she tied a rakhi on his wrist.

Others

Buri Jadugarni (transl. The Evil Sorceress): Buri Jadugarni is an evil sorceress who is an enemy of Bheem. She tried to become the queen of Dholakpur but never succeeded because of Bheem and his team. She is also called Buri Pari (transl. Evil Fairy) or Buri Chudail (transl. Evil Witch).
Acchi Jadugarni (transl. The Good Sorceress): She is a good Sorceress who helps Bheem in defeating Buri Jadugarni. She is also called Achhi Pari (transl. Good Fairy). She lives in Agadam, a place of good wizards and witches, or the forest of Dholakpur.

Avi Chacha: He is another scientist who lives in Dholakpur. He is also a friend of Professor Shastri Dhoomketu. He invented many gadgets but all were destroyed.

Kaptaan Singh: He is the head captain of a ship of Dholakpur, Dholakpur Queen.

Raaka: He is the sidekick of Daku Mangal Singh.

Daku Chacha: He is an experienced dacoit uncle of Daku Mangal Singh.

Kirmada: He is a demon who tries to attack Dholakpur, since he had lost his war against Dholakpur 500 years ago, when he was alive and was a king of a kingdom and conquered all the surrounding kingdoms. He has appeared in the Chhota Bheem Aur Krishna film series and was also in a few of the Super Bheem film series.

Zimbara and Mayandri: They are the siblings of Kirmada.
Tabora: Son of Kirmada.
Kallasura and Chalchaaya: They are the sons or successors of Kirmada.

Guests
Ganesh: Ganesh was shown in the movie Chhota Bheem and Ganesh in the Amazing Odyssey and was also shown in some episodes and other films.

Krishna: Krishna is a character who appears in a few episodes and she also appeared in the Chhota Bheem Aur Krishna film series.  He also appears in one of the top recent films of Chhota Bheem, which was released in October 2021. Its name was Chhota Bheem Ki Citti Pitti Gul.

Hanuman: Hanuman is an Indian god that Bheem met in this Chhota Bheem movie, Chhota Bheem Aur Hanuman.

Coco: He was a fictional monkey character which had come in the advertisement of Chocos. He protected Chocoland, which is abundant in chocolate and had a chocolate volcano and chocofall.
Development
Rajiv Chilaka wanted to create his own intellectual property instead of working for other companies. He established his animation studio Green Gold Animation in 2001. He had to struggle as no TV channel was ready to pick up the Indian animation content and most Indian contents aired were mythological in nature. His company produced Vikram Betal and Krishna animation shows which convinced Pogo TV to give chance. After five years of conception, Chhota Bheem made his first appearance in 2008 on Pogo TV. It succeeded and continued to run. He is financed by Samir Jain, who belongs to the famous Jain-cum-Agarwal business family from Meerut. Raj Viswanadha, who did the writing for the first four years of Bheem before leaving the series, Arun Shendurnikar, Nidhi Anand are prominent among those who have written the stories for the show.
Influences
Rajiv Chilaka had conceived an adventurous young boy with the strength and attributes of Bhima from  living in an unspecified period in medieval India. He was also influenced by his childhood spent with Disney's animated shows, Tintin, Amar Chitra Katha and other superhero comics.

Spin-offs
Mighty Raju

Mighty Raju is the first spin-off series of Chhota Bheem. It is about the character Raju in the modern world, who has superpowers and is known as "Mighty Raju". He lives in the modern city, AryaNagar.
Arjun – Prince of Bali
 
Arjun - Prince of Bali  is the second spin-off series of Chhota Bheem. It is based on the Chhota Bheem and the Throne of Bali character Arjun. Arjun is the young prince of Bali. It features his adventures with his friends and pet Zimbu, a baby tiger. Each episode consists of two stories and is targeted for kids up to 13 years of age. The series show the adventures of Arjun during his childhood. It exists in the same timeline as Chhota Bheem. The series aired from 1 June 2014 to 11 September 2016 on Disney Channel India.

Super Bheem
Super Bheem

Super Bheem is third spin-off series of Chhota Bheem. It was going to launch in 2017, but it was launched in May 2016 with the birthday special movie Main hoon Super Bheem. It is an updated version of Bheem with superpowers. Super Bheem is based on the 24th movie of Chhota Bheem, Chhota Bheem: Sky Dragon. The Super Bheem show is 3D animation whereas Chhota Bheem is traditional 2D animation. It originally premiered on Pogo TV in 2017 but it also aired in 2019 on Cartoon Network India.

Mighty Little Bheem

Mighty Little Bheem is the fourth spin-off. It launched in 2019 on Netflix. It is intended for younger children. In this series, the story's focus is on 1 - 2 year old Bheem. Another thing to note is that in this series, Kalia (Bheem's Friend) is known as Vijay instead.
Chhota Bheem Kung Fu Dhamaka
 
Chotta Bheem Kung Fu Dhamaka is the fifth spin-off of Chotta Bheem. It launched on January 12, 2020. It was the third series in 3D CGI format. The series is based on the Chhota Bheem film of the same name. 

Indian animated television series
2010s anime television series

For an update, Chhota Bheem and others are an Indian film actors and actresses, they live in Dholakpur, in Hyderabad. They all speak Hindi, Telugu and Engish. See in this: http://www.woodsdeck.com/movies/14890-chhota-bheem-himalayan-adventure-2016
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Destination Eurovision 
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Semi-Final 1

Eurovision Song Contest
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Alexa, Bixby, Cortana, Siri, and digital PAs generally, are meant to be CAs, as are conversational AI bots like the GPT-3 Lena. But modern systems have a latency time of 4 years. An up-to-date CA would be able to read this text.

Computing
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References 

1924 births
2018 deaths
Croatian composers
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References

1929 births
2018 deaths
Romanian footballers
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References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Spanish Roman Catholic archbishops