Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Prince Consort to Queen Elizabeth II
On 20 November 1947, he married Princess Elizabeth, the heiress presumptive to King George VI, he became the Duke of Edinburgh. He was made a Prince of the United Kingdom in 1957. King Edward VII Hospital as  a “precautionary measure” after feeling unwell. On 23 February 2021 it was announced that he had an infection.

Death

On 9 April 2021, it was announced by Buckingham Palace that Prince Phillip had died inside his home at Windsor Castle. An official statement by Buckingham Palace was released on Twitter.

"It is with deep sorrow that Her Majesty The Queen has announced the death of her beloved husband, His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. His Royal Highness passed away peacefully this morning at Windsor Castle."

His funeral was held on 17 April 2021 and he was buried at St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle that same day.

References

Notes
References

Notes

1921 births
2021 deaths
British Anglicans
British Army officers
British military personnel of World War II
British royalty
Danish royalty
Greek royalty
House of Windsor
Kings and Queens consort of the United Kingdom
Knights and Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Thistle
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Order of Australia
Order of Merit
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Royal Navy officers
United Kingdom Dukes
Elizabeth II
Exiled royalty
George IV (born as George Augustus Frederick on 12 August 1762, died on 26 June 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death. The Regency, George's nine-year time as "Prince Regent", which started in 1811 and ended with George III's death in 1820, included winning the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. George IV's only daughter died before he did, so his younger brother became King William IV of the United Kingdom.

Ancestors

Other websites

1762 births
1830 deaths
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
People Buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV was the last person to rule both the United Kingdom and Hanover. His niece, Victoria, ruled only the United Kingdom, not Hanover.

He lived for 20 years with Sophia Jordan. They had ten children.

Children

Legitimate
All William IV's legitimate children (children with his wife) died before he became king, so they were therefore styled as Prince/Princess of Clarence with the style of Royal Highness.

Illegitimate children with Sophia Jordan
George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster
Henry FitzClarence
Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley
Lady Mary Fox
Lord Frederick FitzClarence
Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll
Lord Adolphus FitzClarence
Lady Augusta Kennedy-Erskine
Lord Augustus FitzClarence
Amelia Cary, Viscountess Falkland
Ancestors

Other websites

1765 births
1837 deaths
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
People Buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
Kings and Queens of Hanover
This is a list of the 42 cantons of the Aisne department, in France, by arrondissement:

Arrondissement of Château-Thierry (5 cantons) 
 Charly-sur-Marne
 Château-Thierry
 Condé-en-Brie
 Fère-en-Tardenois
 Neuilly-Saint-Front

Arrondissement of Laon (13 cantons) 
 Anizy-le-Château
 Chauny
 Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique
 Craonne
 Crécy-sur-Serre
 La Fère
 Laon-Nord
 Laon-Sud
 Marle
 Neufchâtel-sur-Aisne
 Rozoy-sur-Serre
 Sissonne
 Tergnier

Arrondissement of Saint-Quentin (9 cantons) 
 Bohain-en-Vermandois
 Le Catelet
 Moÿ-de-l'Aisne
 Ribemont
 Saint-Quentin-Centre
 Saint-Quentin-Nord
 Saint-Quentin-Sud
 Saint-Simon
 Vermand

Arrondissement of Soissons (7 cantons) 
 Braine
 Oulchy-le-Château
 Soissons-Nord
 Soissons-Sud
 Vailly-sur-Aisne
 Vic-sur-Aisne
 Villers-Cotterêts

Arrondissement of Vervins (8 cantons) 
 Aubenton
 La Capelle
 Guise
 Hirson
 Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache
 Sains-Richaumont
 Vervins
 Wassigny

Aisne
Aisne department
This is a list of the 163 communes of the Alpes-Maritimes département in France:

Alpes-Maritimes
Nice can be any of the following:

Places 
 Nice (pronounced ), a city found in the south of France
 Arrondissement of Nice
 OGC Nice, a French football club found in Nice
 Treaty of Nice, a treaty taken in Nice by the European Council 
 Nicaea (İznik, Turkey), place of the First Council of Nicaea and the Second Council of Nicaea
 Nice, California, a small town in the United States

In computers 
 Nice (programming language), an object-oriented programming language

Related pages
 NICE (disambiguation)
The use of energy is important to human society for handling problems in the environment. Developed societies use energy resources for agriculture, transportation, garbage collection, information technology and human communication. The use of energy has increased since the Industrial Revolution. This has brought a number of serious problems such as global warming.

Production and use of energy resources is important to the economy of the world. Making sure energy is used well is needed for any society.

Energy is needed for the smooth running of activities in our society which makes it wanted in a high alarming rate and is extremely expensive.

Related pages 
Energy policy
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, without sharing any wires. This happens because the first circuit creates a magnetic field as its power rises and falls. The energy of the second circuit rises and falls with the first circuit, so there is no change in frequency between them. Transformers are an important part of electrical systems.  

Transformers are made in many different sizes, from a very small coupling transformer inside a stage microphone to big units that carry hundreds of MVA used in power grids.
The main reason to use a transformer is to make power of one voltage level into power of another voltage level. High voltage is easier to send a long distance, but less voltage is easier and safer to use in the office or home.
Transformers are used to increase or decrease alternating current (AC) voltage in circuits. The transformer is usually built with two coils around the same core. The primary coil or input coil is connected to supply side while secondary coil supplies power to load. The second one is called the output coil. Energy is transferred from the primary to the secondary by electromagnetism. In power grids many transformers are used. These are networks for delivering electricity from the generator and to the user.
The transformers in your neighborhood, on electricity poles, or the ones connected to underground wires, usually transform high voltage of 7,200 volts to 220-240 volts of electricity to power lights and appliances such as refrigerators in homes and businesses. Some countries, such as America use different voltages in homes, such as 120 volts.  Transformers cannot increase power, so if the voltage is raised, the current is proportionally lowered. If the voltage is lowered, the current is proportionally increased.

Transformers inside electronics equipment provide the kinds of electricity the various parts need. 

There are several basic types of transformers:
 Step-up transformer: the voltage output is greater than the voltage input.
 Step-down transformer: the voltage input is greater than the voltage output.
 Some transformers have the same output voltage as input voltage and are used to electrically isolate two electrical circuits.

Gallery

References 

Electricity
Electronics
Ballycastle is a small town in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom.

Population facts
On 29 April 2001, the United Kingdom government had a census and saw that there were 5,089 people living in Ballycastle. They also saw that:
25.3% of people were under 16 years old and 18.7% were over 60 years old
46.8% of people were male and 53.2% were female
77.7% of people were from a Roman Catholic background and 20.5% were from a Protestant background.
5.5% of people aged 16–74 had no job.

References

Towns in Northern Ireland
Settlements in County Antrim
Bangor is a city in County Down, Northern Ireland.

Population facts 
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and saw that there were 58,388 people living in Bangor. They also saw that:
 20.2% of people in Bangor were under 16 years old and 20.3% were over 60 years old
 47.7% of people were male and 52.3% were female
 82.7% were from a Protestant background and 10.6% were from a Roman Catholic background

References 

Towns in County Down
Munich () is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany. However the district does not include the city of Munich, which it partially surrounds and which is an urban district itself.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

Official website (German)
Regional news portal for the Landkreis München (German)

 
Districts of Bavaria
1850s establishments in Europe
The Acts of Union 1800 (or sometimes Acts of Union 1801) (Irish: Acht an Aontais 1800) is used to describe two Acts are meant. Their official titles are the Union with Ireland Act 1800 (1800 c.67 39 and 40 Geo 3), an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the Act of Union (Ireland) 1800 (1800 c.38 40 Geo 3), an Act of the Parliament of Ireland.

These two Acts merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain, (being itself a merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland under the Acts of Union 1707), to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

The Union Flag

The flag created as a consequence of the merger combined the flags of England and Scotland with "St Patrick's Cross" to represent Ireland. Wales is not included on the Union Flag, as when the original Union Flag was devised Wales was a part of the Kingdom of England.

References
References

Sources
Ward, Alan J. The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782-1992. Irish Academic Press, 1994.
Lalor, Brian (ed). The Encyclopaedia of Ireland. Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, Ireland, 2003. , p7

Other websites
 Act of Union - Virtual Library 
  Acts of Union - complete original text 

History of Ireland
19th century in the United Kingdom
Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain
1800
Ebersberg is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

Towns and municipalities

Unincorporated Areas
Anzinger Forst
Ebersberger Forst
Eglhartinger Forst

References
Freising is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

Official website (German)
Freising County Flag

 
Districts of Bavaria
Starnberg () is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Five Lake County tourist information
 Starnberg information (English)

 
Districts of Bavaria
Traunstein is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

Towns and municipalities

Towns
 Tittmoning
 Traunreut
 Traunstein
 Trostberg

Markt
 Grassau
 Waging am See¹
¹ 

Verwaltungsgemeinschaften
 Bergen
 Marquartstein
 Obing
 Waging am See

Municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official website (German)

 
Districts of Bavaria
Berchtesgadener Land (Central Bavarian: Berchtsgoana Land) is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

Towns and municipalities

References
Rosenheim is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official website (in German)

 
Districts of Bavaria
Banne is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Ardèche () is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. It is named after the Ardèche river.

History
The department of Ardèche was created on 4 March 1790 with seven districts: Annonay, Aubenas, L'Argentière, Privas, Tournon, Vernoux and Villeneuve-de-Berg. The capital was Privas alternating with Annonay, Aubenas, Le Bourg(-Saint-Andéol) and Tournon. In August of that year, the number of districts was reduced to three: Mézenc, Aubenas and Tanargue. In September, Privas became the only capital of the department.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the three districts were changed into three arrondissements: Privas, L'Argentière and Tournon.

On 18 March 1988, Tournon changed its name to Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Geography
The Ardèche is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of .

The department is surrounded by 7 departments in 3 regions:
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Loire (north)
 Isère (northeast)
 Drôme (east)
 Haute-Loire (west)
 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region
 Vaucluse (southeast)
 Occitanie region
 Gard (south)
 Lozère (southwest)

The highest point in the department is  Mont Mézenc (). It is  high.; it is in the northwest of the department, on the border with the Haute-Loire department. The lowest point,  above sea level, is where the Ardèche river flows into the Rhône (in the south east of the department).

The main rivers in Ardèche are: 
 Loire, that flows through the western part of the department and ends in the Atlantic Ocean.
 Rhône, that makes the eastern border of the department and ends in the Mediterranean Sea.
 Ardèche, a tributary of the Rhône.

The Allier river forms the border of the Lozère department and the Ardèche for about .
Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Privas is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb. The southern part of the department has a Mediterranean climate of the subtype Csb.

Administration
Ardèche is managed by the Departmental Council of Ardèche in Privas. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 17 cantons and 339 communes (municipalities) in Ardèche.

The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Ardèche department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Annonay-1 (0701)
 Annonay-2 (0702)
 Aubenas-1 (0703)
 Aubenas-2 (0704)
 Bourg-Saint-Andéol (0705)
 Le Cheylard (0706)
 Guilherand-Granges (0707)
 Lamastre (0708)
 Le Pouzin (0709)
 Privas (0710)
 Sarras (0711)
 Le Teil (0712)
 Thueyts (0713)
 Tournon-sur-Rhône (0714)
 Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (0715)
 Les Vans (0716)
 La Voulte-sur-Rhône (0717)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Ardèche are known, in French, as Ardéchois (women: Ardéchoises).

Ardèche had a population, in 2014, of 322,381, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Tournon-sur-Rhône, with 135,786 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Allier

The communes in the department with more than 7,000 inhabitants are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of the Ardèche department
 Arrondissements of the Ardèche department
 Communes of the Ardèche department

References

Other websites

 Departmental Council website 
 Prefecture website
This is a list of the 17 cantons of the Ardèche department, in France.

After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

The following table shows the 17 cantons of the department and the distribution of the communes by arrondissement:

References

 
France-related lists
Ardeche department
There are 3 arrondissements in the Ardèche department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Ardèche are:
History
Since its creation, the Ardèche department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Annonay, Aubenas, L'Argentière, Privas, Tournon, Vernoux and Villeneuve-de-Berg; the capital was Privas alternating with Annonay, Aubenas, Le Bourg(-Saint-Andéol) and Tournon. In August of that year, the number of districts was reduced to three: Mézenc, Aubenas and Tanargue. In September, Privas became the only capital of the department.
 1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Privas, L'Argentière and Tournon.
 1988 : Tournon changed its name to Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Related pages
Arrondissement of Largentière
Arrondissement of Privas
Arrondissement of Tournon-sur-Rhône
List of arrondissements of France

References
This is a list of the 339 communes in the Ardèche department in France.

Ardeche
Accons is a town and commune in the Ardèche department in Southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Ailhon is a town and commune of the Ardèche  department in Southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Aizac is a town and commune of the Ardèche department in Southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi banker and economist who was born on 28 June 1940. He was a professor of economics and is famous for his work in microcredit. Microcredit is a name for giving small loans. These loans are given to people with very little money. Most banks do not give microcredit. Yunus started the Grameen Bank. In 2006, Yunus and the bank together, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their efforts to create economic and social development from below." Yunus himself has received several other national and international awards. He published a book called Banker to the Poor and helped start the Grameen Foundation. In 2007 Yunus planned to start a political group called Nagorik Shakti ("Citizen Power") in Bangladesh, but he has chosen not to start this group. He is one of the founding members of Global Elders.
Yunus was one of 20 Nobel Laureates such as Peter Agre, Nadine Gordimer, Yuan T. Lee, Elinor Ostrom, Werner Arber, David Gross, James Mirrlees, Carlo Rubbia, Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, Amartya Sen, Peter Doherty (scientist), Walter Kohn, Douglass North, John Sulston, Murray Gell-Mann, Harold Kroto, Douglas Osheroff who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.

Early life

Muhammad Yunus born on 28 June 1940. He was the third child born to a Muslim family in the village of Bathua near the Boxirhat Road in Hathazari, Bangladesh (Bangladesh was called British India at that time). Six more children were born in Muhammad's family making nine altogether.
During the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971, Yunus and other people from Bangladesh living in the United States started a citizens committee and controlled the Bangladesh Information Center to find help for the war. He published the Bangladesh Newsletter from his home in Nashville. After the War, Yunus returned to Bangladesh and was given a job with the governments' Planning Commission which was controlled by Nurul Islam. He thought the job was boring so he took a job at Chittagong University as Head of the Economics department. He worked with poverty reduction after he saw the Bangladesh famine of 1974, and started a research project to help people who lived in the countryside. In 1975, he started a Nabajug Tebhaga Khamar (new era three share farm) which the government called the Packaged Input Programme. Yunus and his friends started the Gram Sarkar (the village government) programme to make the farm project better.
Grameen Bank 

In 1976, Yunus visited the poorest households in the village of Jobra near Chittagong University. He discovered that very small loans could be a lot of help to a poor person. Some Jobra women were making bamboo furniture and had to take loans for buying bamboo but all their profits were being paid towards the loans. The first loan Muhammad Yunus gave was USD 27.00 from his pocket. This $27 was loaned to 42 women in the village, who made a profit of $00.02 each from the loan
In December 1976 the government bank Janata Bank gave Yunus a loan that he could use to make lots of small loans to very poor people. His group got more loans from other banks and by 1982, 28,000 people had jobs with Grameen. On 1 October 1983, Grameen was made a full bank and renamed the Grameen Bank (Village Bank) to give loans to poor Bangladeshis. Yunus and his workers were threatened and women were told they would not have a Muslim burial if they borrowed money from the Grameen Bank, but they have given many, many loans to poor people. As of July 2007, Grameen Bank has loaned US$6.38 billion to 7.4 million people. The bank loans money to "solidarity groups". These small groups are given loans together and if one person can not pay, the rest of the group pays for them.
The Grameen Bank started other groups in the 1980s to do things such as keeping fishing ponds clean and building irrigation pumps. In 1989, these groups started to get their own names. The fisheries project became Grameen Motsho (Grameen Fisheries Foundation) and the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi (Grameen Agriculture Foundation).

The Grameen group has grown into many groups of profitable and non-profit, such as the Grameen Trust, the Grameen Fund, Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, Grameen Knitwear Limited, Grameen Telecom, and Grameenphone (GP) (Grameenphone is the biggest private sector phone company in Bangladesh). The Village Phone (Polli Phone) project of Grameenphone has made it possible for 260,000 poor people in over 50,000 villages to own mobile phones since March 1997.
The Grameen ideas have been used in many countries throughout the world, such as the United States. More than 94% of Grameen loans have been given to women, who have less money and give more to their families. For his work with the Grameen Bank, Yunus was named an Ashoka: Innovators for the Public Global Academy Member in 2001.

Awards

Muhammad Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Grameen Bank, for their efforts to create economic and social developments. The Norwegian Nobel Committee said:

Muhammad Yunus has shown himself to be a leader who has managed to translate visions into practical action for the benefit of millions of people, not only in Bangladesh, but also in many other countries. Loans to poor people without any financial security had appeared to be an impossible idea. From modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty.
Muhammad Yunus was the first Bangladeshi and third Bengali to ever get a Nobel Prize. After being told of the important award, Yunus said that he would use part of his share of the $1.4 million award money to create a company that makes good food that the poor can afford and the rest would go toward starting an eye hospital for the poor in Bangladesh.

Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was one of the people who said the Nobel Prize should go to Muhammed Yunus. He said this in Rolling Stone magazine and in his autobiography: My Life. In a speech given at University of California, Berkeley in 2002, President Clinton said Dr. Yunus was "a man who long ago should have won the Nobel Prize [and] I’ll keep saying that until they finally give it to him."
He has won many other awards, such as the Ramon Magsaysay Award, the World Food Prize the Sydney Peace Prize, the Four Freedoms Award in the category Freemdom from want in 2006, and the Ecuadorian Peace Prize in December 2007. Dr. Yunus has been awarded 26 honorary doctorate degrees, and 15 special awards. The Bangladesh government made a postage stamp to honour his Nobel Award. In January 2008, Houston, Texas declared 14 January as "Muhammad Yunus Day".
Politics
In 2006 Doctor Yunus and other important people, such as Professor Rehman Sobhan, Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Doctor Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattchariya, tried to find good people to be elected for government. Yunus thought about joining government himself that year. On 11 February 2007, Yunus wrote a letter, published in the Bangladeshi newspaper Daily Star, and he asked what people thought of creating a good government. The letter asked everyone to give ideas for this and to offer him help Dr. Yunus started a political group called Citizens' Power (Nagorik Shakti) on 18 February 2007. There was speculation that the army supported a move by Yunus into politics. but on 3 May, Yunus stopped the group after a meeting with Fakhruddin Ahmed (government politician).
Professor Yunus Family
In 1967 Yunus studied at Vanderbilt University. He met Vera Forostenko, a student of Russian literature there. Vera is the daughter of Russian immigrants to Trenton, New Jersey in the United States. They were married in 1970. Yunus marriage with Vera ended a few months after the birth of their baby girl, Monica Yunus (b. 1979 Chittagong). Vera returned to New Jersey and said that Bangladesh was not a good place to raise a baby. After some time, Yunus married Afrozi Yunus, who was a researcher in physics at Manchester University. She was appointed as a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University. Their daughter Deena Afroz Yunus was born in 1986.

Professor Yunus brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a professor of physics at Dhaka University and the founder of The Center for Mass Education in Science (CMES). They teach science to girls in villages. His younger brother Muhammad Jahangir is a popular television presenter. Yunus oldest daughter, Monica, is an soprano singer in New York City.
Books
By Muhammad Yunus
 
 
 Grameen Bank, as I See it; Grameen Bank; 1994
 Jorimon and Others: Faces of Poverty (co-authors: Saiyada Manajurula Isalama, Arifa Rahman); Grameen Bank; 1991
 Planning in Bangladesh: Format, Technique, and Priority, and Other Essays; Rural Studies Project, Department of Economics, Chittagong University; 1976
 Three Farmers of Jobra; Department of Economics, Chittagong University; 1974

On Muhammad Yunus

Related pages 
 List of Nobel Prize winners by country
 Grameen Bank
 Bangladesh

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Grameen Bank - Grameen Bank's Official Web Site.
 MuhammadYunus.org - Official website of Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
 Grameen Foundation - Dr. Yunus led Organization.
 Grameen America - The US Part of Grameen Foundation.
 Instant USA Loan website -USA Small Business loans
 Muhammad Yunus Receives the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize  - A Photo Essay by Scott London
 Microcredit Missionary - A BusinessWeek Profile
 The next steps for microcredit  Interview with Muhammad Yunus
 Audio Interview with Muhammad Yunus  - By Wolfgang Blau (a.k.a. Harrer) and Alysa Selene, ZDF Germany
 PBS Biography  An article on Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank.
 A short biography
Videos
 A Collection of Video Documentaries about Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank 
 "Pennies A Day" video featuring Muhammad Yunus
 The poor need infotech, says Mohd Yunus by Venkatesan Vembu, Daily News & Analysis
 International Forum Social Entrepreneurship Award: Honoring Muhammad Yunus -- video 
 Charlie Rose interview Muhammad Yunus -- 58 mins video interview
 Yunus speaks at Council on Foreign Relations - Nov 16th, 2006 

1940 births
Living people
Bangladeshi businesspeople
Economy of Bangladesh
People from Chittagong Division
John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet. He is often ranked as one of the five most important poets of the Romantic movement in English literature; the other four are William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Though Keats was the youngest of these poets, he also died before the others: he suffered from tuberculosis and died in Rome at the age of 25.

Keats was the son of an inn-keeper Thomas Keats, who died when Keats was nine years old and Frances Keats; and his mother died of tuberculosis in 1810. The young Keats began studying to be a surgeon, though his interest in literature grew stronger than his interest in medicine. He became a friend and follower of the poet and editor James Henry Leigh Hunt, and made his first attempts to write his own poetry. Keats's active writing life lasted only about six years, from the spring of 1814 through 1819.
His short life meant that he wrote less than many other poets. His longest poems, Endymion and Hyperion, tell stories from ancient Greek mythology. Many of his shorter poems are among the best known in English literature, including the ballad "La Belle Dame sans Merci" and his sonnets and odes.

Keats was an active letter-writer throughout his life, like many people of his time. Hundreds of his letters to friends and relatives have survived, and Keats is often called one of the great letter writers in the English language.

References

Other websites

The poetical works of John Keats, edited by William T. Arnold, Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., London 1884. 

1795 births
1821 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
English poets
Writers from London
Endymion is one of the major poems of the English Romantic poet John Keats. It is his longest poem. Keats wrote the poem in 1817, and it was printed in a book in 1818. The poem's opening line is one of the most famous lines of poetry in English literature:

A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

Keats called the poem "A Poetical Romance." He wrote in four sections or "Books," and each section is about a thousand lines long. The poem is written in a form called rhymed couplets, which means that every two lines rhyme together. The story is based on the tale of Endymion from Greek mythology.

Endymion was criticized harshly when it was first published. Some of Keats's friends and admirers, like the poet Shelley, believed that the stress of this hostile reaction had a bad effect on Keats's mind, and partly caused his early death from tuberculosis at the age of 25. But most modern critics and scholars of English literature do not think this is true.

1810s British poems

1817
Hyperion is one of the major poems of the English Romantic poet John Keats. The poem is based on the tale from Greek mythology that tells how the Titan Hyperion, the first Greek sun god, was replaced by Apollo.

Keats worked on the poem mainly in August and September 1818. He finished the first two sections or "Books," each between 350 and 400 lines long, and he also wrote 135 lines of Book III. But he was not satisfied with what he had written; he re-wrote it bit by bit until April 1819, when he gave up for a while. Some critics and scholars think that Keats set out to write the kind of long poem he had already done in his Endymion in 1817 – but his outlook on poetry had changed, to a point where he was no longer happy writing the kind of mythological epic that many other poets of his time tried to write.
Keats tried to re-do the poem in a new form that he called The Fall of Hyperion. He worked on this second version during the last six months of 1819, and though he wrote more than 500 lines, he gave up this second attempt too. He was never able to complete either version of the poem in a way that satisfied him.

Keats wrote the poem in blank verse, without rhyme. Though neither version was ever finished, some critics think that they contain some of Keats's best verse, as in the gloomy and powerful opening lines of the first Hyperion:

Deep in the shady sadness of a vale
Far sunken from the healthy breath of morn,
Far from the fiery noon, and eve's one star,
Sat gray-hair'd Saturn, quiet as a stone,
Still as the silence round about his lair;
Forest on forest hung about his head
Like cloud on cloud.

["vale" = valley; "morn" = morning; "eve" = evening]

1810s British poems
Arlo Davy Guthrie (born July 10, 1947) is an American musician and songwriter, and is the son of folk music legend Woody Guthrie. His most famous song is Alice's Restaurant, which was also the title of his first album.

Early life
Guthrie learned music from his father, who wrote songs for him like "Goodnight Little Arlo". When the young Guthrie became thirteen years old, his father gave him a Bar Mitzvah, and invited many folk musicians. It was called "the first hootenanny bar mitzvah in history."

Guthrie met Bob Dylan when Dylan came from Minnesota to meet his father Woody. Dylan taught Guthrie a new way to play the harmonica. Guthrie started college after high school, but dropped out.
"Alice's Restaurant"
During 1965, Guthrie visited his friends Alice and Ray Brock in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, who lived in an old church, and owned a restaurant. He recorded a musical commercial for the restaurant. When Thanksgiving came that year, they invited many people, and afterwards there was a lot of garbage to be picked up and thrown away. Guthrie and another friend tried to take the garbage to a dump, but it was closed. They found a large trash pile not far away, and unwisely decided to throw their garbage onto the same pile. (Dumping trash where it does not belong is called 'littering' and is a crime in most places.)
Guthrie decided later the two incidents would make a good protest song and he built one around the jingle he had written. He called the song "Alice's Restaurant Massacree", and recorded it in front of a live audience. He did not want other young men to be drafted, and suggested in the song that they might get out of the draft by doing like he had.

The recording became half of his first album, and the rest was filled out with other music, like "The Motorcycle Song". The album became a hit record.

Later career
Guthrie later recorded other albums and songs. His cover of the Steve Goodman song, "The City of New Orleans", about a famous train named after the city, became another hit. He bought a farm with the money he earned from his music, and lived there between recording sessions and performing tours.
In time, he became interested in charity work. He noticed people of different religious beliefs did not always work well together for the same causes, because their beliefs kept them apart. He tried to work around the differences, and help people find ways to work together to solve the same problems. He started the Guthrie Center, as a place for people to work together. He later bought the old church where his friends had lived, and made it the headquarters for the Guthrie Center.

References

Other websites
The Guthrie Center

American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
American folk musicians
1947 births
Living people
Warner Bros. Records artists
The sonnet first appeared in Italy during the Middle Ages and was widely  used during the Renaissance. The first poet known for his sonnets is Giacomo da Lentini who lived in the 13th century. After him many poets started writing sonnets. Two notable ones are Dante Alighieri and Guido Cavalcanti. The Italian poet Petrarch was famous for his sonnets. He was very popular and many poets imitated his poems. Francisco de Sá de Miranda introduced the form into Portuguese literature.  So did Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in England. Even in distant Poland sonnets were written by Jan Kochanowski, Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński and Sebastian Grabowiecki. It became common for poets to write sonnets in connected series, called "sonnet sequences," to tell a story, often one about a love affair. Michelangelo, a famous sculptor and painter wrote sonnets, too. He exchanged them with Vittoria Colonna. Poets in other countries quickly adopted the sonnet and sonnet sequence
. William Shakespeare wrote the most famous sonnets in English literature, though other poets of his time, such as Ben Jonson, Edmund Spenser, Michael Drayton, and Samuel Daniel, wrote sonnet sequences also.
Later English poets like John Donne, John Milton, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats wrote sonnets that are still admired and studied today. In United States Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Emma Lazarus wrote sonnets. 

The rigid rhyme scheme of the sonnet went out of fashion during the twentieth century, but a few modern poets still write them sometimes. Edna St. Vincent Millay was one modern poet writing in English who often worked in the sonnet form. Modern poets have often changed the traditional rhythms and rhyme patterns of the sonnet, sometimes radically.
In a traditional "English" or "Shakespearean" sonnet, the first twelve lines are divided into three groups ("stanzas") of four lines each, called "quatrains". The last two lines usually rhyme, and make up a "rhymed couplet" that concludes the poem by summing up the story told in the previous quatrains. In the traditional "Italian" or "Petrarchan" sonnet, the poem divides into a group of eight lines ("octave") followed by a group of six lines ("sestet").

The letters of the alphabet are used to show the pattern of rhyme, or "rhyme scheme," in the 14 lines in a sonnet. The rhyme scheme 

a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g

is the typical pattern of an "English" sonnet. The rhyme scheme

a-b-b-a, a-b-b-a, c-d-e-c-d-e
is typical of an "Italian" sonnet. However, the rhymes of the sestet in an Italian sonnet can vary widely: cdcdcd, cddcdd, etc. The scheme abba abba cde edc is very rarely, but its ending sequence cde edc was probably the source for Robert Browning's stanza abccba. It was used in the poem Meeting at night. Another pattern is Spenserian sonnet, invented by Edmund Spenser. It runs a-b-a-b, b-c-b-c, c-d-c-d, e-e.

Sonnets can be linked together into a crown of sonnets. In such a sequence, the last line of the first sonnet repeats as the first line of the second one, and sometimes these lines make up another sonnet. Slovenian poet France Prešeren is best remembered for his Wreath of Sonnets, an example of a crown of sonnets.

References

Other websites 
 Sonnet Central

Poetry forms
With a number namely a and another smaller number b, the ratio of the two numbers is found by dividing them. Their ratio is a/b. Another ratio is found by adding the two numbers together  and dividing this by the larger number a.  The new ratio is (a+b)/a. If these two ratios are equal to the same number, then that number is called the golden ratio.  The Greek letter  (phi) is usually used as the name for the golden ratio.

For example, if b = 1 and a/b = , then a = . The second ratio (a+b)/a is then . Because these two ratios are equal, this is true:

One way to write this number is
 is a number which, when multiplied by itself, makes 5: .

The golden ratio is called an irrational number. That means that if a person tries to write it, it will never stop and never make a pattern, but it will start like this: 1.6180339887... An important thing about this number is that if you subtract 1 from it or divide 1 by it, you'll get the same number.

Golden rectangle
Golden rectangle 

If the length of a rectangle divided by its width is equal to the golden ratio, then the rectangle is a "golden rectangle". If a square is cut off from one end of a golden rectangle, then the other end is a new golden rectangle. In the picture, the big rectangle (blue and pink together) is a golden rectangle because . The blue part (B) is a square, and the pink part by itself (A) is another golden rectangle because . The big rectangle and the pink rectangle have the same form, but the pink rectangle is smaller and is turned.

Fibonacci numbers 

The Fibonacci numbers are a list of numbers. A person can find the next number in the list by adding the last two numbers together. If a person divides a number in the list by the number that came before it, this ratio comes closer and closer to the golden ratio.

Golden ratio in nature
In nature, the golden ratio is often used for the arrangement of leaves or flowers. These use the golden angle of approximately 137.5 degrees. Leaves or flowers arranged in that angle best use sunlight.  

In addition, the distance between the center of a person's body and the floor and the distance between the crown of the head and the base of the spine are both in accordance with the golden ratio. Despite its absence from common architectural and design patterns, Leonardo Fibonacci's finding is widely recognized as groundbreaking. It can take the form of hurricanes, elephant tusks, ants, sea urchins, starfish, honeybees, and many other things.  

The Fibonacci sequence begins with 0 and goes on forever: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55. There is a sum of two digits before each digit. The pattern itself is rather elementary and unremarkable.
That is until you learn that this ratio underlies the beauty of the Mona Lisa, the human limbs, data encryption, and even the number of spirals on a sunflower's head. It looks like the universe has a natural way of keeping track of numbers.

Flowers always have an odd number of petals conforming to the Fibonacci sequence. For example, the peace lily has three petals, buttercups have five, chicory has 21, daisies have 34, and so on.

Here are some more natural occurrences of the Golden Ratio:

Seed heads. Flowers produce seeds at their core, which then spiral outward to fill the flower's head.

Pineapples, cauliflowers, and Romanesco broccoli. Similarly, these conform to the Fibonacci sequence.

Pine cones. Pinecones have spiral patterns on their seed pods, with two spirals on each cone growing in opposite directions as they grow.
Branches of a tree. In nature, this pattern is seen when a tree develops a branch and then splits into two new growth points. Then, just one of the two new stems will actively grow, while the other will lie dormant.

Methods of birds flying. The hawk's best angle of attack is perpendicular to the target's flight path, which is the same as the pitch of the spiral.

Spiral galaxies. There are several spiral arms in the Milky Way, each with a logarithmic spiral around 12 degrees.

Related pages 

 Fibonacci numbers
 Phi

References

Other websites
Easy to understand golden ratio article
Golden Ratio -Citizendium
 Golden ratio in the works of the contemporary painter slikara Alfred F. Krupa, YouTube-video
Irrational numbers
Mathematical constants
A relational database is a way of storing information (data). Relational databases help users join information to other information.

In a relational database, each record of data is stored in a row. The rows are grouped together in tables. In the relational model, a database table is called a relation. This is why the term relational is used for this kind of database.

The software used to do this grouping is called a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term "relational database" often refers to this type of software.

Relational databases are currently the main way in which companies store information like financial records, medical records, personal information, and manufacturing and logistical data.

The term relational database was originally defined by and is attributed to Edgar Codd at IBM Almaden Research Center in 1970.

References

Computer science
The Kingdom of Scotland was a historic country and state. It started in the Early Middle Ages and was in existence until the early modern period.

After 1603, it had the same monarch as the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland. In 1653, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the government of Oliver Cromwell made Scotland into part of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland: a republic. However, at The Restoration, Scotland started again to be a kingdom. It combined with the Kingdom of England to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 because of the Acts of Union 1707.

References

Related pages
Scotland
Parliament of Scotland

Former monarchies of Europe
History of Scotland
Ajoux is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Alba-la-Romaine is a commune of the French département Ardèche.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Albon-d'Ardèche is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Alboussière is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France. It can be found about 20 km from Valence-sur-Rhône. About 760 people live there.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Alissas is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
The arrondissement of Largentière is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Ardèche département. Its capital is the city of Largentière, a subprefecture of the department.

History
When the Ardèche department was created on 4 March 1790, the arrondissement of Largentière was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Largentière is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Tournon-sur-Rhône, to the northeast and east by the arrondissement of Privas, to the south by the Gard department, to the southwest by the Lozère department and to the west by the Haute-Loire department.

It is the most southern and largest of the arrondissements of the department, with an area of . It has 98,821 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Largentière, there are 4 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement: Aubenas-1, Aubenas-2, Thueyts and Les Vans.The Canton of Le Teil has 6 communes in the arrondissement of Privas and 13 in Largentière; and the Canton of Vallon-Pont-d'Arc has 1 commune in the arrondissement of Privas and 29 in Largentière.

Communes
The arrondissement of Largentière has 153 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Ailhon (07002)
 Aizac (07003)
 Antraigues-sur-Volane (07011)
 Asperjoc (07016)
 Les Assions (07017)
 Astet (07018)
 Aubenas (07019)
 Balazuc (07023)
 Banne (07024)
 Barnas (07025)
 Le Béage (07026)
 Beaulieu (07028)
 Beaumont (07029)
 Berrias-et-Casteljau (07031)
 Berzème (07032)
 Bessas (07033)
 Borée (07037)
 Borne (07038)
 Burzet (07045)
 Cellier-du-Luc (07047)
 Chambonas (07050)
 Chandolas (07053)
 Chassiers (07058)
 Chauzon (07061)
 Chazeaux (07062)
 Chirols (07065)
 Coucouron (07071)
 Cros-de-Géorand (07075)
 Darbres (07077)
 Dompnac (07081)
 Fabras (07087)
 Faugères (07088)
 Fons (07091)
 Genestelle (07093)
 Gravières (07100)
 Grospierres (07101)
 Issanlas (07105)
 Issarlès (07106)
 Jaujac (07107)
 Joannas (07109)
 Joyeuse (07110)
 Juvinas (07111)
 Labastide-sur-Bésorgues (07112)
 Labastide-de-Virac (07113)
 Labeaume (07115)
 Labégude (07116)
 Lablachère (07117)
 Laboule (07118)
 Le Lac-d'Issarlès (07119)
 Lachamp-Raphaël (07120)
 Lachapelle-Graillouse (07121)
 Lachapelle-sous-Aubenas (07122)
Lagorce (07126)
 Lalevade-d'Ardèche (07127)
 Lanarce (07130)
 Lanas (07131)
 Largentière (07132)
 Laurac-en-Vivarais (07134)
 Laval-d'Aurelle (07135)
 Laveyrune (07136)
 Lavillatte (07137)
 Lavilledieu (07138)
 Laviolle (07139)
 Lentillères (07141)
 Lespéron (07142)
 Loubaresse (07144)
 Lussas (07145)
 Malarce-sur-la-Thines (07147)
 Malbosc (07148)
 Mayres (07153)
 Mazan-l'Abbaye (07154)
 Mercuer (07155)
 Meyras (07156)
 Mézilhac (07158)
 Mirabel (07159)
 Montpezat-sous-Bauzon (07161)
 Montréal (07162)
 Montselgues (07163)
 Orgnac-l'Aven (07168)
 Payzac (07171)
 Péreyres (07173)
 Le Plagnal (07175)
 Planzolles (07176)
 Pont-de-Labeaume (07178)
 Prades (07182)
 Pradons (07183)
 Prunet (07187)
 Ribes (07189)
 Rochecolombe (07190)
 Rocher (07193)
 La Rochette (07195)
 Rocles (07196)
 Rosières (07199)
 Le Roux (07200)
 Ruoms (07201)
 Sablières (07202)
 Sagnes-et-Goudoulet (07203)
 Saint-Alban-en-Montagne (07206)
 Saint-Alban-Auriolles (07207)
 Saint-Andéol-de-Berg (07208)
 Saint-Andéol-de-Vals (07210)