Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Puka () is a small borough () in Otepää Parish, Valga County, in southern Estonia. It was the administrative centre of Puka Parish until 2017. At the 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 580. 

The architect Georg Hellat (1870–1943) was born in Puka.

On 1 May 1897, a military train went off the rails 3km north of Puka. 58 people were killed and 44 were heavily wounded in the accident.

Photos

References
B9, B-9 or B IX can be:

Science
 Prodelphinidin B9, a plant phenolic compound
 Vitamin B9, another name for folic acid
 B-Nine WSG, a formulation of the plant growth regulator daminozide
 Boron-9 (B-9 or 9B), an isotope of boron
 A subclass of B-class stars

Organizations
 Bucharest Nine (B9), a group of nine NATO members: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia
 The abbreviation used for the record label Bridge Nine

Transport
 B9 (Croatia), a road part of the Istrian Y highway complex
 B9 (New York City bus) serving Brooklyn
 Bundesstraße 9, a federal highway in Germany
 Iran Airtour (IATA code B9)
Air Bangladesh (former IATA code B9)
Vehicles
 Bavarian B IX, an 1874 German steam locomotive model
 Bavarian B IX (Ostbahn), an 1869 German steam locomotive model
 Bensen B-9, a 1958 American small helicopter
 Boeing B-9 (sometimes referred to as the Y1B-9 or YB-9), a 1931 United States Army Air Corps bomber
 , a British Royal Navy B-class submarine
 LNER Class B9, a class of British steam locomotives 
 The former model name for the Subaru Tribeca

Other uses
 Iceberg B-9, a 1987 iceberg calved away from Antarctica
 Model B-9 on the TV series Lost in Space, otherwise known simply as “Robot (Lost in Space)“
 An international standard paper size (44×62 mm), defined in ISO 216
The Chris Christie 2024 presidential campaign began on June 6, 2023.  Chris Christie announced his second presidential campaign. He used to be Governor of New Jersey. He ran for president before in 2016. 

In December 2020, Christie told radio talk show host Hugh Hewitt that he could run in 2024. On March 16, 2023, Christie announced that he would decide running for president within 45 to 60 days. Christie visited New Hampshire in late March, saying it was to see if he's ready to compete.

References

Christie
iOS 17 is the 17th release of the iOS mobile operating system developed by Apple. It is scheduled to be released in late 2023. It was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference on June 6, 2022. It is the one after iOS 16.

References 

17
Operating systems
Send Away the Tigers is the eighth studio album by Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers and was released on 7 May, 2007 through Columba Records. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 4 in Ireland, number 10 in Finland, number 21 in Sweden, number 33 in New Zealand, number 35 in the Netherlands, number 38 in Norway, number 39 in Japan and number 43 in Switzerland.

Track listing 

 10th Anniversary Edition DVD (Live at Glastonbury 2007 and extras)
"You Love Us"
 "Motorcycle Emptiness"
 "You Stole The Sun From My Heart" 
 "Faster" 
 "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough" 
 "Everything Must Go"
 "From Despair To Where" 
 "Autumnsong" 
 "Ocean Spray" 
 "If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next" 
 "La Tristesse Durera (Scream to a Sigh)" 
 "Imperial Bodybags" 
 "Motown Junk"
 "A Design For Life"
 Your Love Alone Is Not Enough Video
 Making of Your Love Alone Is Not Enough
 Autumnsong Video
 Autumnsong Alternative Video
 Indian Summer Video
 Track By Track
 Rehearsals, Cardiff, March 2007
 Practice Sessions

References

2007 albums
Manic Street Preachers albums
Columbia Records albums
"All Quiet on the Western Front" is a 1982 song by Elton John. It is the closing track to his 16th studio album Jump Up!. It was also released as a single in the United Kingdom but did not chart. The song title is taken from the novel of the same name by Erich Maria Remarque.

References

1982 songs
Elton John songs
"Tumbling Dice" is a song by the Rolling Stones. The Rolling Stones are an English rock band. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards wrote the song. It is a single from Exile on Main St. (1972). It is the main single from the album. The band released the single on 14 April 1972.

The song was number five on the UK Singles Chart. It was on the music chart for eight weeks. It was number seven on the Billboard Hot 100. Other music makers have made cover versions of "Tumbling Dice", such as Linda Ronstadt.

References 

1972 songs
The Rolling Stones songs
Linda Ronstadt songs
Kim Carnes songs
Bon Jovi songs
Keith Urban songs
"The Masses Against the Classes" is a 2000 song by Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers and was released as a stand alone song. It went to number 1 in Scotland and the United Kingdom, number 4 in Finland, number 7 in Ireland, number 12 in Norway and number 157 in France where it was their only song of theirs to chart in France.

Track listing
All music was written by James Dean Bradfield and Sean Moore except where indicated. All lyrics were written by Nicky Wire except where indicated.

UK CD and 10-inch single
 "The Masses Against the Classes" – 3:23
 "Close My Eyes" – 4:27
 "Rock and Roll Music" (music and lyrics: Chuck Berry) – 2:53

References

2000 songs
Alternative rock songs
Hard rock songs
Manic Street Preachers songs
Jrue Randall Holiday (born June 12, 1990) is an American basketball player. He plays for the Milwaukee Bucks in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball with the UCLA Bruins. He was picked by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 2009 NBA draft. He was picked in the first round of the draft. Holiday played with the 76ers for four seasons. He joined the New Orleans Pelicans in 2013. He won a gold medal in the 2020 Summer Olympics. He helped the Milwaukee Bucks win the NBA Finals in 2021.

Both of Holiday's parents played college basketball. They played at Arizona State University.

References 

1990 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Milwaukee Bucks players
Philadelphia 76ers players
New Orleans Pelicans players
The lake bug-eyed frog (Theloderma lacustrinum) is a frog.  It lives in Laos. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Ban Naxang Village near the Nam Lik Reservoir.

The adult male frog is 17.0-20.6 mm long from nose to rear end.  The skin on the frog's back is light brown in color with brown and black marks.  The frog's belly is gray.  The iris of the eye is the color of bronze metal.  The frog's DNA shows that it is related to Theloderma lateriticum.

References

Frogs of Asia
The golden bug-eyed frog (Theloderma auratum) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam. Scientists think it might also live in Laos. It lives in tropical forests on mountains.

The adult male frog is about 21.8–26.4 mm long from nose to rear end. This frog has no warts or bony ridges on its skin.  There is no webbed skin on its front feet.  The skin of its back is gold-yellow in color with gold-orange and brown marks.  The skin of its legs is reddish brown on top.

Scientists named this frog auratum for the Latin language word for "gold."

References

Frogs of Asia
The deepwater arrowtooth eel (Histiobranchus bathybius) is a cutthroat eel of the genus Histiobranchus, found globally. It was named by Albert Günther in 1877. It is a little bigger than all the other species in the genus Histiobranchus.

References 

 "Histiobranchus bathybius". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 March 2006.
 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Histiobranchus bathybius" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
 Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) ISBN 0-00-216987-8

Eels
Histiobranchus australis, the southern cutthroat eel, is a cutthroat eel in the family Synaphobranchidae. It dwells at a depth range of 950 to 3,001 metres (3,117 to 9,846 ft) as it leads a benthic lifestyle. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the southern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean. It is also known as the angel eel, spider eel, cutthroat fish, or the southern cutthroat. Synonyms for it are Synaphobranchus australis.

References 

 Synonyms of Histiobranchus australis at www.fishbase.org
 Common names for Histiobranchus australis at www.fishbase.org.

Ray-finned fish
Miss Grand International is an international beauty contest based in Thailand for promotion Stop the war and violence campaign. 

The contest was established by Nawat Itsaragrisil, a Thai businessman and television producer in 2013. The competition was began in Nonthaburi, Thailand on November 19, 2013 with 71 contestants. As a result, Janelee Chaparro from Puerto Rico is the first winner in this contest.

In 2016, Miss Grand International was organized overseas from Thailand for the first time in Las Vegas, United States. Since 2015, the organization was defined the 25 of October as the final night of the competition except for 2020 and 2021 which were rescheduled by COVID-19 pandemic.

At the moment, Miss Grand International is a remarkable beauty contest especially in Latin America and Far East by having a large number of participants in around 80 countries and territories.

Winners

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 

Grand International
2013 establishments
Dreams of Stabbing And/Or Being Stabbed is the first EP of American rock band My Chemical Romance released in December 2001. It was recorded in the band's first drummer, Matt Pelisser's attic. This EP is also known as "The Attic Demos".

Track Listing 

 Turnstiles (Skylines and Turnstiles
 Bring More Knives (Our Lady of Sorrows)
 Cubicles
Corruption is seen as a big problem in Russia. It affects many parts of life. This includes the economy, business, public administration, law enforcement, healthcare, and education. Corruption is a big part of the historical model of government. It is seen as the reason the rule of law is weak in Russia. Transparency International said in 2022, "Corruption is endemic in Russia". Russia had the lowest score in Europe in the Corruption Perceptions Index for 2021. It has been said to be a kleptocracy, an oligarchy, and a plutocracy.

Related pages 

 2021 Russian protests

References

Other websites
 Transparency International Russia (English Version) http://transparency.org.ru/en/ 
 "Corruption and institutions in Russia" Mark Levin, Georgy Satarov, Foundation for Information on Democracy http://www.indem.ru/satarov/satarov_levin/corruption.htm#1

Politics of Russia
Yadavs in Maharashtra are members of the Yadav community The 1881 census records of the British India state that "the Yadavas, who in their turn are identified with the Gaolis and Ahirs, were the dominant race at that time." Among the claimed Yadav clans of Maharashtra are the Solaskar of Satara district, the Dhangar, and the Jadhav.

Yadav
Maharashtra
"I Will Not Bow" is a 2009 song by Breaking Benjamin and was taken from their fourth studio album Dear Agony. It went to number 40 in the United States and number 98 in Canada. It did not chart anywhere else on the other countries charts. It was used in the 2009 movie Surrogates starring Bruce Willis.

Track listing

References

2009 songs
Breaking Benjamin
Kühne Logistics University (KLU) is a private business school and university based in Hamburg, Germany. Established in 2010 by German entrepreneur and billionaire Klaus-Michael Kühne (shareholder of Kühne and Nagel, Hapag-Lloyd, and Lufthansa),  KLU promotes general management, operations, and supply chain management.  Current president is Andreas Kaplan. 
KLU spans the entire gamut of university education and executive education, from bachelor's and master's degrees, an MBA, to a structured PhD program. The university is mainly financed by tuition fees and the Kühne Foundation.

References

Further reading 
 KLU University website
2010 establishments in Germany
"Churchill Downs" is a song off American rapper Jack Harlow's second studio album Come Home the Kids Miss You. The song was released on May 6, 2022.  The song also features Drake.

On June 1, 2022, a music video for the song was released. It was filmed at the 2022 Kentucky Derby. The song was nominated for Best Rap Song at the 65th Grammy Awards but lost to Kendrick Lamar's The Heart Part 5.

References

Other websites
"Churchill Downs" on YouTube

2022 songs
Drake (musician) songs
Jack Harlow songs
The Bordes family is a French family, originally from Armagnac, in Gascony, and established in Chile, Bordeaux and Paris, where they formed a line of shipping merchants.

History 
Antoine-Dominique Bordes, born on July 21, 1815  in Gimbrède, son of Barthélemy, doctor of medicine, deputy mayor of this commune, and Louise Thérèse Geneviève Bordes, married Victoire Möser on July 19, 1857 in Besançon. From this marriage came three generations of shipowners who have continued the company he founded, with the motto Union et Persévérance  . Henri Bordes, his nephew, also ran a Bordeaux steamship company, and his son Antoine was director of the Compagnie Générale Maritime.

Barthélémy Bordes (1766-1840) came from an old and notable family from Agenais, including health professionals and royal officers from this province since the 18th century.

Genealogy 
Pierre de Bordes, consul of Puymirol :
Peter (1669-)
 Antoinette (1683-)
 Jean Raymond de Bordes (1670-1735), surgeon at Céran, whose :
 Marguerite Bordes (1703-), married Senate
 Marie Anne Bordes (1715-), married La Chausse du Roussel
 Jean Blaise Bordes (1706-), surgeon at Fleurance, whose :
 Marie, wife Bigourdan
 Jean (1746-1806), surgeon and health officer at Flamarens, whose :
 Antoine (1773-1816), doctor of pharmacy, including posterity.
 Barthélémy Jean (1766-1840), doctor of medicine, councilor of the commune of Gimbrède, of whom (next) :
 Antoine Aimé Dominique (1800-1850); trader, including :
 <b id="mwVQ">Henri</b> Bonaventure (1842-1911), member of the Academy of Bordeaux, shipowner, deputy director of Armement Bordes in Bordeaux, including :
 <b id="mwWw">Antoine</b> Pierre Jean (1870-1951), naval officer, member of the Academy of Bordeaux, regional director of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, including posterity.
 Jean Henri (1879-1957), cavalry officer, captain of the Bordeaux port commission, no issue.
Antoine-Dominique Apollinaire (1815-1883), shipowner, founder of Armement Bordes, managing director of the Compagnie Générale Maritime, whose :
 Charles Casimir Adolphe (1858-1918), managing director of the Bordes company, then Company of armament and importation of nitrate of soda, who married Marthe Lesca, of which posterity.
 Marie Blanche Henriette (1859-1938), Prom wife
 Alexandre Louis Barthélemy (1860-1943), managing director of the Company for the armament and importation of soda nitrate, company administrator, under-secretary of State for the Navy, who married Madeleine Bertera-Wappers, granddaughter of Gustaf Wappers, including posterity.
 François Joseph Antonin (1863-1940), deputy director of the Bordes company, then Company of armament and importation of soda nitrate, member of the Navy Academy, who married Louise Charpin, without posterity.
 Caroline Élise Alexandrine (1865-1924), married Lataillade
 Valentine Irène Marie Thérèse (1869-1921), secondate wife of Montesquieu and Roquefort
Coat of Arms

Tributes 

 Rue Louise Bordes, in Villefranche-sur-Mer .
 Room devoted to Bordes armament at the Museum of the Cape Horners in Saint-Malo .
 Rue Antonin Bordes, in Auch

References

Bibliography 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Édouard Féret, Annuaire du tout Sud-Ouest illustré, Éditions Féret, 1909

Families
French people
Wilhelm Kaipel (born 20 November 1948) is an Austrian former footballer and coach. He played for different clubs in Austria as goalkeeper. He also was part of the Austrian national football team.

Career
At the age of 10, he began his career as a football player with hometown club ASKÖ Riedlingsdorf. In 1965 he moved to SC Pinkafeld.  On 10 October   1965, Pinkafeld had to play away versus Wiener Sport-Club. This game was lost 2:6. Wilhelm Kaipel, who played instead of the standard goalie, made such a good impression that he was signed by the Wiener Sport-Club a few months later. From 1971 to 1975 he played for SV Austria Salzburg. 1975 to 1977 he played for SK VOEST Linz. Wilhelm Kaipel's last match in the Bundesliga was on 30 October  1976 in a game between VOEST Linz and Austria Wien.

National team
In the 1970/71 season  Wilhelm Kaipel was called up twice  to the Austrian national football team. He did not play in this matches.
Manager
He returned to  football as   coach in 1982. He coached SV Oberwart. His coaching career had longer breaks due to other professional activities. Later he coaches SK Rapid Wien, VSE St. Pölten and  Wiener Sport-Club.

References

Other websites
 personal page
 

1948 births
Living people
Austrian football managers
SK Rapid Wien managers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
"Headlines" is the second single off Canadian rapper Drake's second studio album Take Care. The song was released on August 9, 2011.

On December 3, 2011, a music video for the song was released. It featured Drake rapping at different areas in Toronto including the Rogers Centre, going up the glass elevator in the CN Tower, and at Guild Park.

References

Other websites
"Headlines" on YouTube

2011 songs
Drake (musician) songs
A castelnau (from the Occitan words castèl nòu, meaning "new castle") is a type of village or town set up in the Middle Ages near a castle.

History 
At the end of the Early Middle Ages, two buildings made people want to live in a town. These were the castle and the church. During this time period, there were types of towns called "castra," "castet," "forts," and "castelnaus". They were said to be fortified settlements with a stone castle inside. Castelnaus were usually made up of many houses in the center. Castelnaus were usually on defensive places at higher elevations.

Layouts 
Many types of these 'towns' can be found: round villages like Fourcès in Gers, long street villages or on a high point like Biran in Gers, and villages with concentric circular arcs terraces dominated by the castle.

References
Topaz tells a Cold War espionage story set in 1962, just before the Cuban Missile Crisis.
A Russian defector informs the Americans that Soviet missiles are planned to be stationed in Cuba. Frenchman André Devereaux (Frederick Stafford) is tasked with finding out whether there are actually Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.
Devereaux and his wife Nicole (Dany Robin) accompany their daughter Michèle (Claude Jade) and son-in-law François Picard (Michel Subor) on their honeymoon to New York. André can gain initial insights in New York. These require further research in Cuba. He can collect evidence with the help of the Cuban Juanita (Karin Dor).
Now André is supposed to unmask the "Topas" spy ring. His son-in-law François and his daughter Michèle support him. And his wife Nicole, who was jealous of Juanita, is having an affair with a friend of her husband's, Jacques Granville (Michel Piccoli)...

Other websites
Other websites
 
 

1969 thriller movies
1960s spy movies
American spy movies
American thriller movies
British spy movies
British thriller movies
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Movies set in Cuba
Movies set in Denmark
Movies set in New York City
Universal Pictures movies
Location of Bilozerka settlement hromada in Kherson Raion

Bilozerka settlement hromada is a hromada in Kherson oblast's Kherson raion (or district) in Ukraine.

Its capital is Bilozerka, an urban-type settlement.

Hromadas of Ukraine
Kherson Oblast
On June 7, 2023, Doug Burgum, the 33rd governor of North Dakota, announced his candidacy for the 2024 United States presidential election. He is running for the Republican Party nomination in its 2024 presidential primaries.

In March 2023, Burgum had shown interest in running for president. He announced his campaign at a rally in Fargo, North Dakota.

References

Burgum, Doug
Chornobaivka rural hromada is a hromada in Kherson raion, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine.

Its capital is Chornobaivka, a suburban village.

Hromadas of Ukraine
Kherson Oblast
Nature parks in Switzerland are 18 protected areas in Switzerland. There are national parks, regional nature parks, and nature experience parks. These parks are marked as "parks of national importance" by the Federal Act on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.

National parks and nature experience parks have strict rules, unlike regional nature parks. Regional parks aim to balance saving nature and supporting the local economy.

One National park in Switzerland is Swiss National Park. Regional nature parks are Aargau Jura Park, Beverin Nature Park, Binntal Nature Park, Chasseral Nature Park, Diemtigtal Nature Park, Doubs Nature Park, Parc Ela, UNESCO Entlebuch Biosphere, Gantrisch Nature Park, Gruyère Pays-d'Enhaut Nature Park, Jura vaudois Nature Park, Pfyn-Finges Nature Park, Thal Nature Park and Val Müstair Biosphere.

One experience park is called Zürich Wilderness Park.

References 

National parks by country
National parks in Europe
Geography of Switzerland
Kherson Raion (; ) is a raion (district) of Kherson Oblast, Ukraine.

As of 2023's third quarter, Russian soldiers are occupying large parts of the district.

References

Raions of Ukraine
Kherson Oblast
Swiss National Park is a protected area in Switzerland. It is located in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland. It is the country's only national park. This park was founded on August 1, 1914, the national holiday of Switzerland. It is one of the oldest national parks in Europe.

It is part of the worldwide UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

The park covers an area of 174.2 square kilometers and is situated in the canton of Graubünden, near Zernez, S-chanf, Scuol, and the Fuorn Pass in the Engadin valley, close to the Italian border.

Swiss National Park is known for its strict rules. Visitors are not allowed to leave marked paths, start fires, or camp outside the mountain hut, called Chamanna Cluozza. Taking any items or disturbing the park's animals and plants is also prohibited. Dogs are not allowed, even on a leash. 

A visitor centre is located in Zernez. The road through the park leads over the Fuorn Pass (or Ofenpass) to South Tyrol in Italy.
In addition to the Swiss National Park, Switzerland also has sixteen regional nature parks.

Gallery

References 

Graubünden
World Heritage Sites in Europe
National parks in Europe
Skadovsk Raion is a raion (district) of Kherson Oblast, Ukraine.

References

Raions of Ukraine
Kherson Oblast
Kakhovka Raion is a raion (district) of Kherson Oblast, Ukraine.

Sources

Raions of Ukraine
Kherson Oblast
Aargau Jura Park is a protected area in Switzerland. It is in the Swiss canton of Aargau, north of Aarau, between the Aare and Rhine rivers. It has an area of 241 square kilometers (93 square miles) and reaches heights of up to 350 meters (1,150 ft) above the valley floor.

The park is mainly located on the Jurassic Plateau, between Frick and Villigen. It includes the Aargau Jura mountains and valleys. There are sparse pine forests, fruit orchards, rocky steppes, dry meadows, and terraced vineyards in the northern part of the park. In the southern region there are forests and wildlife.

In the past, villages Herznach and Wölfinswil mined ore in the park and left many studs. A mining tunnel was excavated and made accessible to visitors.

References 

Aargau
National parks in Europe
Eliszewa "Elsa" Binder (between 31 January and 13 March 1920  1942), was a Polish–born Jewish girl who kept a diary in which she documented her life as a Jew during the Holocaust. During the Holocaust, she also courageously helped the other Jews imprisoned in her quarter, by smuggling food, money, and other supplies. She died around the age of 22.

She gained some posthumous fame in her homeland because of her diary, in which she documents her life as a Jew during the Holocaust in 1941 and 1942.
Binder was born in Stanislawów, Poland, in modern-day Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, between January and March 1920, where she was raised. In September 1939, the Germans began invading Poland (with the help of the Soviet Union) and after occupation began in October, they began persecuting Jews in Poland.In June 1941, the Binder family were trapped in Stanislawów, when the Germans eventually reached their city. Binder lost her citizenship and became stateless. As the persecutions of the Jewish population increased in December 1941, the Binder family were taken into captivity in a quarter in Stanislawów, where Binder lost her younger sister Dora there in 1942.

From 23 December 1941 until 18 June 1942, she had kept a diary which she wrote in it regularly. 

After World War II ended in 1945, Andrea Axt, Binder's cousin, who had escaped Poland and fled to the United Kingdom, returned to Poland after the war ended, and was given Binder's diary. Axt tried to publish the diary but to no avail.
Binder was born Eliszewa Binder between January and March 1920 in Stanislawów, Poland (modern-day Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine) to Polish-born Jewish parents, the eldest of three children. The other two being named Dora and Bronek. Her father died in 1925, thus leaving her mother widowed, for a while. Her mother then remarried, but after a few years, her mother divorced him, discovering he was having a affair, without her knowledge. When she divorced him, she was pregnant with a fourth child. The divorce led the Binder family to be in a state of homelessness twice. Her mother managed to rent a apartment for her and the children. In 1933, Binder joined a group of Zionists, and made  some friends to. Her mother remarried for the third time. The husband, being a landlord of their apartment, was very abusive to the children, with Binder's mother refusing to act. This led Binder to move in with strangers who also abused her. The reason she moved in with them, was because she had some freedom and independence
. She then returned to live with her mother and siblings.
In September 1939, Germany invaded and occupied the western part of  Poland with the help of the Soviet Union, who attacked the eastern side of Poland, when Binder was 19 years old.
In June 1941, the Germans eventually reached Stanislawów, the city where the Binder family lived. This was becuase, Germany attempted to invade  the Soviet Union and occupy the remainder of Poland.

Under the Soviet occupation of Poland, conditions were crucial for the Binder family. 
On October 12, 1941, Germans killed  ten thousand Jews in Stanislawów (where Binder lived) in a massacre where Binder lost her sister Bronek in the massacre.
In December 1941; two months later, the Binder family were taken into captivity in a ghetto (in the same city where Binder lived), where Binder lost her younger sister Dora there in 1942.

Period chronicled in Binder's diary 
On 23 December 1941, Binder wrote the first entry in her diary.
In a entry dated 27 December 1941 (four days after the first one), she wrote about the dangers in the quarter, and that people who live in the ghetto are in constant threat and fear of poverty, violence, starvation, and death. Binder then writes that she had a fight with her mother and were upset at each other for a few days. She then goes on to write that no matter what moods the two are in, she is Binder's most favorite person and that Binder loves her the most, for she is her "best friend", but that when she sees her mother treats her younger sister Dora, this always makes her "blood boil" and that she becomes "jealous" of her younger sister. She also writes that she does not believes that her mother "loves her younger sister Dora as much as she loves her, but that she demands more from her and is indulgent to Dora". Binder then writes that "she has to express herself more often and more sincerely"
. She also writes that "she thinks it is very naive and silly, for her to read what she just wrote in her diary". Then she writes that this is her way of thinking. Then she writes "that she apologizes for writing that in her diary without realization", "but that regardless of this discovery, she will continue to write her diary, but that next time she will not read what she just wrote in her diary, right away".
Writing this, Binder was apparently aware that the atmosphere of continual crisis was distorting her normal attitudes and emotions. She felt the need to discuss her feelings but that she could only confide safely in her diary.

The last entry written in Binder's diary is dated 18 June 1942.

Death 
Binder died  1942, aged  22. She most likely died in the quarter in Stanislawów or the Bełżec extermination camp. The exact circumstances of her death are not known for certain, but it is certain that Binder and her parents died during the Holocaust. Due to the fact that Binder's last diary entry dated 18 June 1942, ended abruptly in mid-sentence, and that Binder's diary was found in a ditch not far from a cemetery  (used in the Stanislawów ghetto to shoot Jews to death) in June 1943, a death date of  18 June 1942, can be assumed. However, it is unknown how accurate that death date is.
Related pages
 The Holocaust, a genocide of around six million European Jews and other people which lasted for four years (1941 – 1945)
 Anne Frank, a diarist from Amsterdam
 Rutka Laskier, a diarist from the Będzin concentration camp 
 Renia Spiegel, a diarist from Przemyśl 
 Ruthka Lieblich, a diarist from Andrychów
 Věra Kohnová, a diarist from Plzeň
 Jerzy Feliks Urmam, a diarist from Drohobych 
 David Koker, a diarist from the Herzogenbusch prison
 Sarah Fishkin, a diarist from modern-day Belarus
 Jacques Biélinky, a diarist from Paris
 Eva Heyman, a diarist from Oradea
 Czesława Kwoka, a Polish Catholic girl, known for being one of the thousands of children who had their "identity photographs" taken at Auschwitz. Those photographs are stored in the so-called Death Books.
 Yitskhok Rudashevski, a diarist from the Wilno Ghetto 
 Mary Berg, a diarist from German-occupied Poland.
 Elsa Katz, a diarist from German-occupied Czechoslavkia.
 Miriam Korber-Bercovici
 Petr Ginz
1920 births
1942 deaths
Holocaust victims
Polish Jews
Thal Nature Park (Naturpark Thal in German) is a protected area in Switzerland in the canton of Solothurn. It borders the cantons of Bern and Basel-Landschaft. The largest municipality in the park is Balsthal. The park is located in the wide valley of the Dünnern River, behind the Weissenstein mountain range.

There are ruins of ancient fortresses in the park, which were once used as trade routes through the small town of Klus. However, nowadays, the surrounding land is mostly used for agriculture.

Within the park, there is also the "Haar und Kamm" Museum, which used to be a comb factory.

In 2012, the park was named "park of national importance" by the FOEN (Federal Office for the Environment) and will hold this status for ten years, starting from January 1, 2010.

References 

Canton of Solothurn
National parks in Europe
"Garota de Ipanema" ("The Girl from Ipanema") is a Brazilian bossa nova and jazz song. It was very popular in the mid-1960s and won a Grammy for Record of the Year in 1965. It was written in 1962, with music by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Portuguese lyrics by Vinícius de Moraes. English lyrics were written later by Norman Gimbel. It was first sung by Astrud Gilberto.

Background
The song is about 17 year old Heloísa Pinheiro. Songwriters Jobim and de Moraes saw her walking to the beach in Ipanema, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

In the US, the single peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, and went to number one for two weeks on the Easy Listening chart.

Frank Sinatra and Ella Fitzgerald recorded covers of the song.

Legal issues
Legal issues

In 2001, the song's copyright owners sued Pinheiro for using the title of the song as the name of her boutique (Garota de Ipanema). In their complaint, they said that her status as The Girl from Ipanema did not give her the right to use the name that legally belonged to them. The court ruled in favor of Pinheiro.

Popularity
It is believed to be the second-most recorded pop song in history, after "Yesterday" by The Beatles.

In 2004, it was one of 50 recordings chosen that year by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry.

2016 Olympics
The song became popular during the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Rio de Janeiro. The Olympic and Paralympic mascots were named Vinicius and Tom after the song's co-writers by a public vote. The opening ceremony of the 2016 Olympics was themed around the song and the architecture of Oscar Niemeyer. Spotify said that the song had been streamed 40,000 times per day in the days after the ceremony.

References
References

1964 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Heloísa Eneida Paes Pinto Mendes Pinheiro (born July 7, 1945), better known as Helô Pinheiro (), is a Brazilian businesswoman and former model.

At the age of 17, Pinheiro became the inspiration for the song "The Girl from Ipanema" when songwriters Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes saw her walking to the beach in Ipanema.

Pinheiro became a Brazilian Playboy Playmate in 1987 and once again in 2003.

References

1945 births
Living people
Brazilian businesspeople
Brazilian models
People from Rio de Janeiro
Ipanema () is a neighbourhood in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between Leblon and Arpoador. The beach at Ipanema became well known as the subject of the bossa nova jazz song, "The Girl from Ipanema" ("Garota de Ipanema").

The name Ipanema originally was named after a river in the state of São Paulo. The name comes from the Tupi language words ipá (pond) and nem-a (stinking).

References

Rio de Janeiro
Marcus Vinícius da Cruz e Mello Moraes (19 October 1913 – 9 July 1980), better known as Vinícius de Moraes () and nicknamed O Poetinha ("The little poet"), was a Brazilian poet, lyricist, essayist, musician, singer, and playwright. He was known for writing many popular bossa nova songs such as "The Girl from Ipanema".

References

1913 births
1980 deaths
Brazilian poets
Brazilian singer-songwriters
Singers from Rio de Janeiro
Writers from Rio de Janeiro
Politicians from Rio de Janeiro
Brazilian playwrights
Brazilian essayists
Musicians from Rio de Janeiro
Zürich Wilderness Park (Wildnispark Zürich in German) is a nature park located near the city of Zürich in Switzerland. It consists of two main areas: the Sihlwald forest and the Langenberg Wildlife Park. The Sihlwald forest is the biggest mixed forest in the Swiss Mittelland and the Langenberg Wildlife Park is the oldest wildlife park in Switzerland. These sites are located in the Sihl Valley, to the south of Zürich.

History 
Hapsburgers gifted the Sihlwald forest to the city of Zürich in 1309 and again in 1524. It provided timber and firewood to the city for many years. Since the 1990s, the forest has been preserved by forest director Andreas Speich, who stopped cutting down trees to protect its unique composition. 

The Langenberg Wildlife Park was founded in 1869 by city forester Carl Anton Ludwig von Orelli.

On August 28, 2009, the Sihlwald forest was named a "regional nature park of national importance" by the FOEN (Federal Office for the Environment).
Zürich Wilderness Park was officially formed, bringing together the Langenberg Wildlife Park and the Sihlwald forest.

Today, the park welcomes more than half a million visitors every year. Visitors can barbecue, hike, cycle, ride horseback through the park.

References 

Canton of Zürich
National parks in Europe
The Volvo B7TL is a 2-axle low-floor double-decker bus chassis. It was built in 1999 by Volvo Buses.

It was available with Alexander ALX400, Plaxton President, East Lancs Vyking, East Lancs Myllennium Vyking and Wright Eclipse Gemini bodywork.

The first examples were delivered to FirstGroup, Arriva, Travel West Midlands, Travel Coventry and Travel Dundee between 2000-2006.

Gallery

References

Other websites

Volvo B7TL
The spurred tree frog, saddled tree frog, Gunther's whipping frog, or the montane hourglass tree frog (Taruga eques) is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. People have seen it between 1202 and 2135 m above sea level.

References

Frogs of Asia
Beryslav urban hromada is a hromada in Kherson oblast's Beryslav raion (or district) in Ukraine.

Its capital is Beryslav city.

Other websites: Map on Wikimedia Commons 

Hromadas of Ukraine
Kherson Oblast
AEW Fight Forever is a professional wrestling sport video game. It was published by THQ Nordic. It was developed by Yuke's. It was released worldwide for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, and Nintendo Switch on June 29, 2023.

It is All Elite Wrestling (AEW)'s first video game and Yuke's first wrestling game since they released WWE 2K19 in 2018.

Gameplay
On November 10, 2020, Kenny Omega said the game would have a similar feeling to playing AKI engine games like WWF No Mercy and Virtual Pro Wrestling.

On September 20, 2021, it was announced that Owen Hart would be added to the game. This was announced as part of a partnership between AEW and the Owen Hart Foundation. This is Hart's first time in a video game since appearing in 2004's Showdown: Legends of Wrestling.
On August 3, 2022, CM Punk was revealed to be on the cover along with Dr. Britt Baker, D.M.D., Kenny Omega, Chris Jericho, Jon Moxley, and Jade Cargill. After Punk got suspended from the company for a backstage incident, he was removed from the cover. Sting, MJF, Orange Cassidy, Bryan Danielson, and "Hangman" Adam Page.

On August 24, 2023, a battle royale mode called Stadium Stampede was added to the game.

References

Other websites
Official website

2023 video games
All Elite Wrestling
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Xbox One games
Xbox Series X and Series S games
Nintendo Switch games
Windows games
"Started from the Bottom" is the first single off Canadian rapper Drake's third studio album Nothing Was the Same. The song was released on February 1, 2013.

On February 10, 2013, a music video for the song was released. It featured Drake riding in a Bentley convertible, working at a Shoppers Drug Mart with friends, bowling, standing on a "Started from the Bottom" billboard, riding in a plane over Toronto and partying in the Dominican Republic.

The song was nominated for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards but lost both to Macklemore's Thrift Shop.

References

Other websites
"Started from the Bottom" on YouTube

2013 songs
Drake (musician) songs
Hamartiology is a kind of Christian theology that studies sin. It studies how sin affects people and how people can get forgiveness for their sins.

References

Christian theology
Associated-Rediffusion later known as Rediffusion London, was the ITV franchise for London on weekdays between 22 September 1955 and 29 July 1968. It was the first ITV station to broadcast, and was a part of the "Big Four" companies that produced most of the ITV programs during this period.

Rediffusion lost the London franchise in 1968 but merged with ABC to form Thames Television, which would serve London on weekdays from 1968 to 1992.

History
History

Creation 
Associated-Rediffusion Television was originally a partnership between British Electric Traction (BET), its subsidiary Broadcast Relay Services Ltd. (Traded as Rediffusion), and Associated Newspapers, owner of the Daily Mail, which was interested in commercial broadcasting as early as the 1920s. The aftermath of the financial losses made by the ITV system, Associated Newspapers sold the majority of its share in the company to BET and Rediffusion, the company did not drop the "Associated" part of Associated-Rediffusion until 1964. Associated Newspapers later realised the potential of ITV, they became a significant investor in the ITV franchisee for the south, Southern Television and later became a shareholder on Independent Television News (ITN).
Boris Ford became Associated-Rediffusion's first head of schools broadcasting in 1957. During his role as head of schools broadcasting he persuaded Benjamin Britten to compose his church opera Noye's Fludde for a series of programmes. However, Ford was dismissed before the opera was produced, allegedly for shortcomings and inexperience in his administrative role.

Rebranding and end of franchise
In 1964, the company simplified its official name to "Rediffusion Television". Because of the new name they also rebranded the station as "Rediffusion London". In October 1967 the Independent Television Authority announced that the company would no longer serve the region after the contract expires in 1968. Due to changes in the ITV network, the weekend franchises in the Midlands and North of England being abolished. ABC Weekend TV, the holders of the now abolished weekend franchises tried applying for the London weekend franchise but the licence was awarded to the London Television Consortium. To preserve ABC, the ITA proposed ABC and Rediffusion make a new company: Thames Television. This was not a merger as commonly stated. ABPC, ABC's parent company and BET, Rediffusion's parent company, created Thames as a separate company. Thames would use staff from ABC's Teddington Studios and Rediffusion's Television House. BET took a 49% stake in Thames and was under-represented in the management
. Rediffusion objected towards this and was given two options. Either Thames tok the contract or ABC took over. Rediffusion chose Thames Television and went of air on 29 July 1968 at 12:26 am. Rediffusion's employees at Wembley would work for London Weekend Television while the employees at Television House would work for Thames. Some staff re-located to Yorkshire Television in Leeds.
Identity 
When Rediffusion launched in September 1955 they adopted a simple look, only having: the station name, and a spinning star called the Adastral. The ident was accompanied by a five note electronic tune, made by tapping out the morse code for 'A-R'.

In 1964, Rediffusion renamed itself from Associated Rediffusion to Rediffusion London, the look was altered to follow. The ident included: a black and grey background, the spinning Adastral star and a sliding animation. The five note tune was replaced by a seven note theme.

References 

ITV (TV network)
The Plaxton President is a 2-axle double-decker low-floor bus body. It was built from 1998 to 2005 by Plaxton and then TransBus International and then Alexander Dennis respectively.

The body could be built on the Dennis Trident 2 chassis, Volvo B7TL chassis, or DAF DB250 chassis.

Gallery

References

Other websites

Buses
The East Lancs Vyking is a 2-axle double-decker low-floor bus body. It was built from c.2000 to 2006 by East Lancashire Coachbuilders.

The body could be built on the Volvo B7L chassis or the Volvo B7TL chassis.

East Lancs deliberately misspelled bus names (naming it "Vyking" instead of "Viking")

Myllennium Vyking
In 2001, East Lancashire Coachbuilders made a new version of the Vyking body called Myllennium Vyking. It were built between 2001 and 2006 and was built on Volvo B7TL chassis.

Gallery

Related pages
For the single decker, see East Lancs Myllennium
 For the double-deck body on Dennis Trident 2 chassis, see East Lancs Myllennium Lolyne
 For the double-deck body on DAF DB250 chassis, see East Lancs Myllennium Lowlander
 For the double-deck body on Volvo B9TL, see East Lancs Myllennium Nordic

References

Other websites

Buses
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles use hydrogen gas as a source of fuel to generate electricity. They are one of the cleanest forms of transportation. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles use a fuel cell stack in order to convert the chemical energy that’s being stored in hydrogen into electrical energy, which will be used to power an electric motor. A Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle starts with Hydrogen gas being stored inside a high pressure tank located within the vehicle. Then the hydrogen is given to the fuel cell stack, which is made of an Anode, Cathode, and an Electrolyte. Hydrogen molecules from the storage tanks are then introduced into the anode compartment of each fuel cell. The Hydrogen molecules then usually encounter a catalyst which makes the electrochemical reaction. The Electrochemical reaction is done with the help of the catalyst, which helps split the hydrogen molecules into protons, labeled “H+” and electrons which are labeled “e-”
. Once this step is done, the protons move through the proton exchange membrane, while the electrons are forced to use an external circuit because the proton exchange membrane is very selective. While the electrons flow through the external circuit, this creates an electrical current, and this will power the electric motor found in the vehicle. On the other hand, Oxygen is provided to the cathode inside the fuel cell stack, which has the electrons that have taken the external path, and the protons. While inside, they are all mixed to create water (H2O), which will be the only thing the car will leave behind. Using this technology, we are able to assure that Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles will not produce anything that will harm the environment nor use any non-renewable resources aside from the transportation of the Hydrogen needed to power the vehicle. There are some issues with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles. One of those issues is that it lacks a proper infrastructure
. The reason is because one hydrogen fueling stations costs more than one million dollars to make. Another issue is that Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles are also really expensive, as the technology revolving around using hydrogen as fuel is still a fairly new concept, therefore it is also extremely expensive.  Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles usually get great range, much more than gas and electric vehicles. Some examples of Hydrogen Vehicles are the Hyundai Nexo, Honda Insight, and the Toyota Mirai.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles use a fuel cell stack in order to convert the chemical energy that’s being stored in hydrogen into electrical energy. This energy will then be used to power an electric motor. A Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle starts with Hydrogen gas being stored inside a high pressure tank located within the vehicle. The hydrogen is given to the fuel cell stack, which is made of an Anode, Cathode, and an Electrolyte. Hydrogen molecules from the storage tanks are then introduced into the anode compartment of each fuel cell. The Hydrogen molecules then usually encounter a catalyst which creates the electrochemical reaction. The electrochemical reaction is done with the help of the catalyst, which helps split the hydrogen molecules into protons, labeled “H+”, and electrons, labeled “e-”. Once this step is done, the protons move through the proton exchange membrane, while the electrons are forced to use an external circuit because the proton exchange membrane is very selective
. The electrons flow through the external circuit, which creates an electrical current. This will power the electric motor in the vehicle. On the other hand, Oxygen is provided to the cathode inside the fuel cell stack, which has the electrons that have taken the external path, and the protons. While inside, they are all mixed to create water (H2O), which will be the only thing the car will leave behind. Using this technology, we are able to assure that Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles will not produce anything that will harm the environment nor use any non-renewable resources aside from the transportation of the Hydrogen needed to power the vehicle.
There are some issues with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles. One of those issues is that it lacks a proper infrastructure. The reason is because a hydrogen fuelling station costs millions of dollars to make. Another issue is that Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles are also really expensive, as the technology for using hydrogen as fuel is still fairly new, therefore it is also extremely expensive.  Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles usually get great range, much more than gas and electric vehicles. Some examples of Hydrogen Vehicles are the Hyundai Nexo, Honda Insight, and the Toyota Mirai.

Green vehicles