Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (10th Cir.), Denver, Colorado
 District of Colorado
 District of Kansas
 District of New Mexico
 Eastern District of Oklahoma
 Northern District of Oklahoma
 Western District of Oklahoma
 District of Utah
 District of Wyoming

 United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (11th Cir.), Atlanta, Georgia
 Middle District of Alabama
 Northern District of Alabama
 Southern District of Alabama
 Middle District of Florida
 Northern District of Florida
 Southern District of Florida
 Middle District of Georgia
 Northern District of Georgia
 Southern District of Georgia

 United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Fed. Cir.), may sit in any courthouse or law school
 Article I tribunals
 Article III tribunals
 Congressional Office of Compliance

 United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Cir.), Washington, D.C.
 United States District Court for the District of Columbia

References
References 

Federal judiciary of the United States
André Glucksmann (; 19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist and writer. He was a member of the French new philosophers.

Early life
Glucksmann was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France to a Jewish family. He studied at the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud in Lyon, France.

Career
Glucksmann became well-known during the 1970s for his support of the Vietnamese boat people. He was an outspoken critic of Nazism and communism.

Later in life, he was known for his views and beliefs of the September 11 attacks. He wrote a book about how god had nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks called Dostoyevsky in Manhattan. Glucksmann supported military action in Afghanistan and Iraq. He was highly critical of Russian foreign policy, supporting a call for Chechen independence.

In August 2008 he co-signed an open letter with Václav Havel, Desmond Tutu, and Wei Jingsheng calling upon the Chinese authorities to respect human rights both during and after the Beijing Olympic Games.
Death
Glucksmann died of cancer on 10 November 2015 in Paris, France, aged 78.

References

Other websites

 
 Philosopher André Glucksmann: A Dark Vision of the Future of Europe

1937 births
2015 deaths
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Anti-communists
Writers from Boulogne-Billancourt
Holocaust survivors
Jewish activists
Jewish French scientists
Jewish French writers
Samantha Cristoforetti (born April 26, 1977) is an Italian European Space Agency astronaut, Italian Air Force pilot an engineer. She is the first Italian woman in space and until 2017, held the record for the woman with most time spent in space with 199 days and 16 hours. This record is now held by Christina Koch. Cristoforetti is also the first person in prepare an espresso in space.

Biography 
Cristoforetti was born in Milan in 1977. She spent her childhood in Malè, Val di Sole, Trentino, Italy. When she was 18, she took a US foreign exchange program and attended Space Camp.

On July 3, 2012, the European Space Agency assigned to Cristoforetti a long-duration mission to the ISS in 2014.

References

Other websites 

ESA biography

Samantha Cristoforetti at ESA website.

1977 births
Living people
Astronauts
People from Milan
An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court, court of appeals (American English), appeal court (British English), court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that hears an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels. The trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case. There is at least one intermediate appellate court. The top level is a supreme court (or court of last resort) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts. A jurisdiction's supreme court is that jurisdiction's highest appellate court. Appellate courts nationwide can operate by varying rules.
The authority of appellate courts to review decisions of lower courts varies widely from one jurisdiction to another. In some places, the appellate court has limited powers of review.  "Generally speaking, an appellate court's judgment provides 'the final directive of the appeals courts as to the matter appealed, setting out with specificity the court's determination that the action appealed from should be affirmed, reversed, remanded or modified'".

References 

Courts (law)
Itimous Thaddeus "Tim" Valentine, Jr. (March 15, 1926 – November 10, 2015), generally known as Tim Valentine, was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina from 1983 to 1995.

He was in the United States Air Force from 1944 to 1946.

Valentine died at his home in Rocky Mount, North Carolina on November 10, 2015 from heart failure at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
U.S. Congress Biographical Directory entry
NC Spin profile 

1926 births
2015 deaths
American Baptists
Lawyers from North Carolina
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from heart failure
United States representatives from North Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
Military people from North Carolina
"Photograph" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran for his second studio album, x (2014). Sheeran co-wrote the song with Snow Patrol member Johnny McDaid.

"Photograph" served as the fifth and final single from the album. It reached the top five on the main singles charts in more than five countries. In the US, where it peaked at number ten, "Photograph" became the third single from the album to have reached within the top ten. In the UK, it reached number 15 and has since been certified platinum for sales of 600,000 units. The single has also been certified double platinum in Australia and Canada, and platinum in New Zealand. 

The single's release on 11 May 2015 followed the premiere of the music video on 9 May 2015.

Other websites

2015 songs
Ed Sheeran songs
Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai used the phrase in a letter addressed to Indian Prime Minister Nehru dated October 24, 1959. In a letter dated November 7, Zhou told Nehru that the LAC consisted of "the so-called McMahon Line in the east and the line up to which each side exercises actual control in the west". During the Sino-Indian War (1962), Nehru claimed not to know where the line was: "There is no sense or meaning in the Chinese offer to withdraw twenty kilometers from what they call 'line of actual control'. What is this 'line of control'? Is this the line they have created by aggression since the beginning of September? Advancing forty or sixty kilometers by blatant military aggression and offering to withdraw twenty kilometers provided both sides do this is a deceptive device which can fool nobody."  It should be noted that these incursions were in response to India's "forward policy" in which India began to contest areas controlled by China, including some that were not included in the McMahon Line
References

Kashmir
Territorial disputes of China
The Tupí people were an important ethnic group of indigenous peoples in Brazil. Scholars believe they first settled in the Amazon rainforest. Later, they started to move to the south and settled on the Atlantic coast.

History
The Tupí people were living in almost all of the Brazilian coast when the Portuguese first arrived there. In 1500, their population was estimated to be 1 million people. They were divided into  tribes, each tribe numbering from 300 to 2,000 people. Some of these tribes are: Tupiniquim, Tupinambá, Potiguara, Tabajara, Caetés, Temiminó, Tamoios.

The Tupí had agriculture. They grew cassava, corn, sweet potatoes, beans, peanuts, tobacco, squash, cotton and many other crops.
European colonization
After the 16th century, the Tupí were assimilated, made to work as slaves, or killed by diseases such as smallpox or by Portuguese settlers and Bandeirantes (colonial Brazilian scouts). Except for a few communities, nearly all the Tupí were killed. Today, the descendants of the survivors live on Indian reservations or are part of the dominant Brazilian society.

Cannibalism
The Tupí were divided into several tribes which would constantly engage in war with each other. In these wars, the Tupí would try to capture their enemies to later kill and eat them.
They believed that they would gain the strength of the warriors they eat. The Tupí also ate the remains of dead relatives.

Cannibalism by the Tupí decreased after European contact and religious intervention. When Cabeza de Vaca, a Spanish conquistador, arrived in Santa Catarina in 1541, for instance, he attempted to ban cannibalism.
Some scholars question whether the Tupí actually engaged in cannibalism. They do not think the sources that talk about cannibalism, mostly written by Europeans, are reliable.

Race-mixing and Cunhadismo

In the 16th century, the Tupi were the first group to have contact with the Portuguese. The Portuguese colonists did not bring many women, so miscegenation between Portuguese settlers and indigenous women started. The Tupi had a tradition, called Cunhadismo, of incorporating strangers to their community. The Indians offered the Portuguese an Indian girl as wife. Once he agreed, he formed a bond of kinship with all the Indians of the tribe. The settlers also adopted the Indian practice of polygyny.
The relatives of an Indian woman would have to work for her husband. If a settler had many Indian wives, he would have a large number of Indian relatives who would have to work for him. They would mostly have to cut wood and take it to the ships on the coast. Since there were not a lot of Portuguese women in Brazil, intermarriage made it easier for the Portuguese to colonize the country.

Influence in Brazil
Although most of the Tupí population died, a large population with Tupí-Portuguese ancestry occupied much of Brazilian territory. They continued the ancient Tupí traditions in several points of the country. Darcy Ribeiro wrote that the first Brazilians looked more like the Tupí than the Portuguese. The language that they spoke, called Nheengatu or Língua Geral, was based on Tupí.
Eventually, Brazilian society started to lose its Tupi characteristics. Língua Geral was replaced by the Portuguese language. Indian ways of making things were replaced by European ones. Brazilian Portuguese absorbed many words from Tupi.

References

Other websites
 Portugal in America

Native Americans
South American people
Brazil
Victor Andreevich Skumin () (born 30 August 1948) is a Russian psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, medical doctor and writer.

Biography 
Victor Skumin was born on 30 August 1948 in Penza Oblast, Russia. His father, Andrew Skumin, was a KGB officer. The family many times moved from one city to another. These cities were Penza, Chelyabinsk, Petrozavodsk.

Skumin studied medicine at the Kharkov National Medical University. He graduated the university in 1973 with diploma with honours.

In 1976, he became a psychotherapist in Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. Skumin was the first to described a previously unknown disease, now it is called Skumin syndrome.

From 1980 to 1990, he has been professor of psychotherapy at the Kharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate education. During this period Skumin investigated borderline mental disorders in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children and adolescents.
From 1990 to 1994, Skumin held positions as Professor by the Chair of Psychology and Pedagogy, and Professor by the Chair of Physical Education and Health life at the Kharkov State Academy of Culture. In 1994, Skumin became President of the World Organization of Culture of Health (WOCH) — International social movement "To Health via Culture" (Russian: Междунаро́дное обще́ственное Движе́ние «К Здоро́вью че́рез Культу́ру»).

In 1995, Skumin became the first editor-in-chief of the journal To Health via Culture. This journal of the World Organisation of Culture of Health (″World Health Culture Organization″) received an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0204-3440. The main topics of the magazine are the dissemination of ideas of Culture of Health, holistic medicine, and Buddhism.

In the Russian Orthodox Church the social activities of this international organization qualifies as an ideology of the New Age.

Skumin's doctrine of the culture of health
In 1968, when Skumin was still a medical student, he proposed the term ″culture of health″ (Russian: ″Культу́ра Здоро́вья″), which has become widespread. The main task of the culture of health is to do health programs that support a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being.

The 'culture of health' means recognizing health’s central importance in life. Skumin referred to the works of Helena Blavatsky, Helena and Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and Alexander Chizhevsky. In some of his publications, he argues that the culture of health will play an important role in the creation of a human spiritual society in the Solar System.

The doctrine of a culture of health, proposed by Skumin, the culture  – spiritual, mental, and physical –  determines the status of human health. And health – spiritual, mental, physical – is a prerequisite for achieving a higher level of culture.

Skumin syndrome
Skumin syndrome 

Skumin syndrome (:ru:Синдром Скумина) was described by Skumin in 1978 as a "cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome", associated with mechanical heart valve implant and manifested by irrational fear and sleep disorder.  Patients have doubts about the reliability of the device, fear of breakdown, and suffer anxiety and depression. This syndrome is often accompanied by asthenia.

Alain Carpentier – a member of the French Academy of Sciences and the head the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris – believed in 2011 that Skumin syndrome develops in a quarter of the patients with an artificial heart valve. It is possible that a similar problem arises in the conduct of operations to implement an artificial heart.

Skumin mind control method 

In 1979, Skumin created a special modification of mind control method for psychological rehabilitation of patients.
The technique of the Skumin mind control method (Russian: "Психотре́нинг по Ску́мину") involves the use of two standard postures: sitting meditation and lying down meditation. This method of psychotraining includes five psychological exercises: the first is "the relaxation", the second one is "the warming", the third one is "the zero gravity", the fourth one is "the target autosuggestion", and the fifth exercise is "the psychological activation". Each session contain explanation of the theory and practice of each new exercise as it is reached. 

The therapeutic effect of the Skumin mind control method is achieved by the neutralization of traumatic emotional experiences and the progressive reorganization of the psychic structures to include previously unacceptable mental contents, too. This method of psychotherapy has found application in medical practice, in particular in the treatment of phobias, headaches, etc.

Skumin’s mixture
Skumin’s mixture 

Skumin proposed mixture subsequently named after him. Skumin’s mixture () is a medicine with a sedative effect, affecting the central nervous system. It is used to treat Skumin syndrome, light forms of heart failure, anxiety and sleep disorders, and asthenia. The medicine is known to be well tolerated, with no contra-indications, except sensitivity. The formula contains Adonis vernalis, Crataegus, Valerian root, Leonurus cardiaca, Eucalyptus, Peppermint, and Rose hip.

His works 

Skumin wrote many books and articles on a variety medical and spiritual topics advocating a holistic approach to health. He is the author or co-author of a series illustrated books on the culture of health, yoga, Roerich’s philosophy, and Buddhism. 

 Виктор Скумин (Victor Skumin)
 "Harvard library": Skumin, V A
He is the author of music and lyrics of several songs. Among them:
 Anthem "To Health via Culture". The anthem consists of four stanzas. The capital letters each of the four stanzas form the word Agni (Vedic Fire God).

Skumin was important in the Western transmission and revival of Theravada Buddhism. Today Theravada Buddhists, who are also known as Theravadins, number over 100 million worldwide; in recent decades Theravada has begun to take root in the West and in the Buddhist revival in Nepal.

Related pages 
 Health care
 Ivan Pavlov
 Ilya Mechnikov
 Kharkov National Medical University
 Skumin

References

Other websites

Video 
 

1948 births
Living people
Russian physicians
Psychiatrists
Russian psychologists
Russian writers
Soviet writers
Wrongful death is a claim  against a person who may be held liable for another person's death. A wrongful death lawsuits may be based on claims of negligence, misconduct, or a criminal act such as murder.

If the person accused of causing a wrongful death is charged with a crime, the wrongful death lawsuit may be filed after a criminal trial. It is possible to win a wrongful death lawsuit even if the person is acquitted of a crime that caused the death, because even though both trials may use the same evidence a wrongful death case has a lower standard of proof.

The claim is brought in a civil action, usually by close relatives, based on tort laws. Common law did not allow for wrongful deatlh lawsuits, as the right to bring a wrongful death claim belonged to the deceased person and died along with that person. In the United States, state and federal laws now allow for wrongful death cases in all U.S.jurisdictions.
Damages 
In law, damages are an award of  compensation, usually of money, paid to a person who has suffered a loss or injury. Damages for wrongful death may include:

 Loss of future earnings
 Loss of Benefits
 Loss of companionship
 Pain, suffering and/or mental anguish
 medical bills, funeral costs

Some states also allow recovery of punitive damages, an additional award that is intended to reform or deter the defendant and others from doing the same thing again. When available, punitive damages are normally awarded only for the most extreme cases, involving gross negligence, recklessness or intentional acts that result in death.

Sources

Law
Legal terms
Track listing 
"Love a Go Go" (Beth Beatty, Ernie Shelby) - 2:46
"Hold Me" (Morris Broadnax, Clarence Paul, Wonder) - 2:36
"Blowin' in the Wind" (Bob Dylan) - 3:46(additional vocals by Clarence Paul)
"Nothing's Too Good for My Baby" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, William Stevenson) - 2:39
"Teach Me Tonight" (Sammy Cahn, Gene De Paul) - 2:39(additional vocals by The Four Tops)
"Uptight (Everything's Alright)" (Wonder, Moy, Cosby) - 2:54
"Ain't That Asking for Trouble" (Moy, Paul, Wonder) - 2:49
"I Want My Baby Back" (Harvey Fuqua, Cornelius Grant, Eddie Kendricks, Norman Whitfield) - 2:49
"Pretty Little Angel" (Paul, Mike Valvano, Wonder) - 2:12
"Music Talk" (Ted Hull, Paul, Wonder) - 2:52
"Contract on Love" (Janie Bradford, Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland) - 2:06
"With a Child's Heart" (Vicky Basemore, Cosby, Moy) - 3:08

References 

1966 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Speed dating is a formal dating process for singles. It is a fun way to meet a large number of new people in a short period of time. Singles spend three-to-five minute periods of time with as many as 25 prospective partners. The conversations are about whatever the two chose. The events are held at places like coffee shops. There is usually a fee and the rules can vary. The short period of time between couples ranges by event. Each participant has a sheet of paper on which they note "interested" or "not interested". The organizer of the event gathers the comments at the end of the event. They look for possible matches and after two or three days contact each participant to see if they are interested in dating the other person. The price for the service ranges from $20 to $80.

References 

Human sexuality
Relationships
Penza Oblast (, Penzenskaya oblast) is a  administrative division of Russia.

Geography

Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. In the waters of the Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish.

History
The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress.

Economy
Penza Oblast is a part of the Volga economic region.

People 
Population of this oblast: 1,386,186 (2010).

Ethnic composition (2010):
 Russians - 86.8%
 Tatars - 6.4%
 others - 6.8%

Notable people 
 Aristarkh Lentulov, avant-garde artist
 Victor Skumin, philosopher, writer, psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and medical doctor.

Related pages
 Russia

References

Other websites 
People born in Penza Oblast
Legal liability is the legal responsibility a person has for their actions. It includes the responsibility to compensate another person for any harm or damages caused to them. Legal liability includes lawful obligations required by civil actions or torts. It can also include terms set by a contract, taxes, or fines given by government agencies.

To win a civil lawsuit the plaintiff must prove the defendant's legal liability. This requires proving the defendant failed to act in some way that caused harm to the plaintiff. To succeed the plaintiff must also show the connection of how a failure to act caused him or her injury or harm.

References

Legal terms
Alaska was originally part of the Russian Empire. In 1867, the Russian Empire sold the territory to the United States. This is known as the Alaska Purchase.

1860s in the United States
1867
19th century in Russia
History of Alaska
Insular Celtic languages are the six Celtic languages that originated in the British Isles. All surviving Celtic languages are from the Insular Celtic group; the Continental Celtic languages (the other group) are now extinct. The six Insular Celtic languages of modern times can be divided into 2 groups:
 The Goidelic languages: Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic They are also called "Q-Celtic" because of the use of a Q sound (spelled with a C or a K).
 The Brittonic languages: Breton, Cornish, and Welsh (another language, Cumbric, is extinct). Brittonic Celtic is also called "P-Celtic" because of the use of the letter P.
By the 4th century BC most people in the British Isles spoke a Celtic language. When the Irish abbot and missionary Columba met the Pictish king Bruide they needed a translator. Columba spoke Q-Celtic while the Picts spoke P-Celtic.

References 

Celtic languages
An idiophone is a type of musical instrument that makes sound from the material of the instrument itself. They do not use reeds, strings or resonators. Most percussion instruments that are not drums are idiophones. Idiophones make their sound by hitting, rubbing or shaking. Drums are not idiophones. Neither are stringed instruments. Examples of idiophones include the triangle, wood block, maracas, bell, and gong.

References 

Musical instruments
Underwater Observatory Marine Park Eilat () is a park, conservation centre and aquarium in Eilat, Israel. It also has an underwater observatory in the Red Sea. It is located at the south of Eilat's Coral Beach Nature Reserve.

Other websites 

 Coral World 

Theme parks in Israel
Museums in Israel
Eilat
Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor (21 September 1954 – 11 November 2015) was a English rock drummer in the British heavy metal band Motörhead from 1975–1984 and 1987-1992 recording ten studio albums and the live album No Sleep 'til Hammersmith. The classic mark IV Motörhead line-up consisted of Lemmy, Philthy Animal Taylor and Fast Eddie Clarke.

Taylor died in London of liver failure on 11 November 2015 at the age of 61.

Discography

Motörhead
On Parole (1975/1979)
Motörhead (1977)
Overkill (1979)
Bomber (1979)
Ace of Spades (1980)
No Sleep 'til Hammersmith (1981)
Iron Fist (1982)
Another Perfect Day (1983)
Rock 'n' Roll (1987)
1916 (1991)
March ör Die (1992)
Other recordings
The Muggers (album) The Muggers Tapes Live recording from a brief spell of about 4 gigs Phil drummed with Fast Eddie Clarke on guitar, John 'Speedy' Keen, also on guitar, and Billy Wrath on bass. The album was released as a 'bonus' to a 'Best of Motorhead' release.
Philthy Phil & Fast Eddie (album) Naughty Old Santa's Christmas Classics (1989)
GMT One By One 12" single (1989)
GMT War Games CD release of same tracks + one other (1991)
The Deviants Have Left The Planet (album) drummed with Ladbroke Grove pals Mick Farren on vocals, Larry Wallis on guitar, etc. (1999)
Sheep In Wolves' Clothing Motorheadbangers fan club tribute CD. The Deviants Mick Farren vocals, Andy Colquhoun, guitar, David Ito, bass and Philthy, drums; re-recorded the Motorhead / Farren song 'Lost Johnny' for the CD - released 7 April 2008.
Other appearances
Taylor appears, dressed in drag, part way through the Girlschool promotional video for their song "Yeah, Right".
Classic Albums - Ace Of Spades DVD. Taylor is in interview and playing drums on several of the Ace Of Spades albums classic tracks.

References

Other websites
 Phil Taylor at MySpace
 The Web of Spider at MySpace

1954 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in London
English rock drummers
People from Derbyshire
Down to Earth is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder, released on November 16, 1966 on the Tamla label. It was his second album to have been released in 1966, as Up-Tight had been released earlier on in the year.

Track listing

Side One
"A Place in the Sun" (Ron Miller, Bryan Wells) 2:52
"Bang Bang" (Sonny Bono) 2:42
"Down to Earth" (Ron Miller, Avery Vanderberg) 2:50
"Thank You Love" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Wonder) 2:55
"Be Cool, Be Calm (And Keep Yourself Together)" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:43
"Sylvia" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:34

Side Two
"My World Is Empty Without You" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) 2:53
"The Lonesome Road" (Gene Austin, Nat Shilkret) 3:06
"Angel Baby (Don't You Ever Leave Me)" (Cosby, Moy) 2:45
"Mr. Tambourine Man" (Bob Dylan) 2:30
"Sixteen Tons" (Merle Travis) 2:42
"Hey Love" (Morris Broadnax, Clarence Paul, Wonder) 2:41

Personnel
Personnel

Stevie Wonder – harmonica, keyboards, drums, percussion, vocals 
The Originals - backing vocals
The Andantes - backing vocals
Benny Benjamin – drums
James Jamerson – bass
The Funk Brothers – instrumentation
Clarence Paul and Henry Cosby – producers

References 

1966 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Klaus Friedrich Roth (29 October 1925 – 10 November 2015) was a German-British mathematician. He was known for his work on diophantine approximation, the large sieve, and irregularities of distribution.

Early life
He was born in Breslau, Prussia. He studied at St Paul's School in London from 1939 to 1943 and then attended Cambridge University, graduating from Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1945. In 1946 he began research at University College London, under the supervision of Theodor Estermann.

Career
He became a professor at University College London in 1961, and moved to a chair at Imperial College London in 1966, a position he held until official retirement in 1988. He then  remained at Imperial College as Visiting Professor until 1996.

Death
Roth died in Iverness, Scotland on 10 November 2015 at the age of 90.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Fields Medalists
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British mathematicians
German mathematicians
Academics of Imperial College London
David Atlas (May 25, 1924 – November 10, 2015) was an American meteorologist. He was one of the pioneers of radar meteorology. He worked for the US Air Force. He was professor at the University of Chicago and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), researcher at NASA and private consultant.

Atlas was born May 25, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York City, from Jewish parents who immigrated from Poland and Russia. He studied at the City College of New York. He retired in 1994.

Atlas died on November 10, 2015 from complications following a stroke at a nursing home in Newark, New Jersey at the age of 91.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American meteorologists
Scientists from Brooklyn
Márton Fülöp (3 May 1983 – 12 November 2015) was a Hungarian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was born in Budapest.

After playing in Hungary for MTK Budapest FC, BKV Előre SC and BFC Siófok, he signed for English club Tottenham Hotspur, who loaned him to Chesterfield and Coventry, then to Sunderland with whom he permanently signed in 2007.  

Further loans to Leicester City, Stoke City and Manchester City ended with a transfer to Ipswich Town. He ended his career with spells at West Bromwich Albion and Greece's Asteras Tripoli. Fülöp also represented his country at under-21 and full international level, earning 24 senior caps from his debut in 2005. 

Fülöp died on 12 November 2015 in Budapest after a struggle with cancer, aged 32.

References

1983 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Hungary
Hungarian footballers
Manchester City F.C. players
Sportspeople from Budapest
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Gene Myron Amdahl (November 16, 1922 – November 10, 2015) was an American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur. He was known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM alongside Fred Brooks and Gerrit Blaauw and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation.  He formulated Amdahl's law, which states a fundamental limitation of parallel computing.

In 1998, he was made a Fellow  of the Computer History Museum "for his fundamental work in computer architecture and design, project management, and leadership."

Amdahl died of pneumonia after suffering from Alzheimer's disease during the last years of his life in Palo Alto, California, aged 92.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Oral history interview with Gene M. Amdahl Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.  Amdahl discusses his graduate work at the University of Wisconsin and his design of WISC. Discusses his role in the designing of several computers for IBM including the STRETCH, IBM 701, and IBM 704. He discusses his work with Nathaniel Rochester and IBM's management of the design process. Mentions work with Ramo-Wooldridge, Aeronutronic, and Computer Sciences Corporation

1922 births
2015 deaths
American computer scientists
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in California
Scientists from South Dakota
People with Alzheimer's disease
Types of IRAs 
There are different types of IRAs: Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP-IRAs and SIMPLE IRAs. They vary as to tax filing status. Also they have different rules and conditions. 
Traditional IRA - Contributions to a traditional IRA are, depending on income, tax status and whether the taxpayer has a retirement plan sponsored by his or her employer. In 2023, a taxpayer can contribute $6,500 to a traditional or Roth IRA. If over age 50, the catch-up contribution limit is an additional $1,000. Either amount can be reduced if the taxable compensation (wages for example) are less than limit set for the IRA contribution.
Roth IRA - contributions to Roth IRAs are not tax deductible. The amount that can be contributed is usually the same as a Traditional IRA.
SEP-IRA - Businesses of any size who want to set up an IRA for employees can use the SEP (Simplified Employee Pension Plan) IRA .
SIMPLE IRA - A SIMPLE (Savings Incentive Match PLan for Employees) IRA is for employees and employers to set up an IRA. This is for small businesses that do not have a retirement plan.
Prohibited asset types
Internal Revenue Code Section 408 prohibits IRA investments in life insurance and in collectibles  such as artwork, rugs, antiques, metals (there are exceptions for certain kinds of bullion), gems, stamps, coins, alcoholic beverages, and certain other tangible personal property.

Participant-directed accounts 
A participant-directed account (also called a self-directed IRA) is an IRA which is provided by some financial institutions in the United States. It allows alternative investments for retirement savings. Some examples of such alternative investments are: real estate, private mortgages, private company stock, oil and gas limited partnerships, precious metals, horses, and intellectual property. There is a risk of fraud when investing in Self-Directed retirement accounts.

References

Other websites 
 What Is an IRA? Fidelity
 IRA vs. 401(k) - What's the Difference? UpMarket

Finance
Saving accounts are a type of deposit account kept by banks that pay interest. They let a person keep some of their money in the bank for immediate use. They also earn money through interest. Having a savings account in a bank allows a person to have money available for an emergency. Savings accounts may be opened at most banks, credit unions and trust companies.

The other major types of deposit account are the transactional account (usually known as a "checking" or "current" account), money market account and time deposit.

References 

Banks
Justin Wakeland High School is a public high school that is in the city of Frisco, Texas, United States.  It is a part of the Frisco Independent School District in the west center area of Collin County.  It opened for the first time to students on August 14, 2006. 

Most sophomores and juniors came from Frisco High School because of the city and district's growth. Freshmen come from Griffin Middle School most of the time, and others come from Staley Middle School.  In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

The school is named for Justin Wakeland, who was the superintendent of the Frisco ISD for 19 years from 1978 to 1997.

The school has a television show called Win-TV. It comes on every two weeks. It has many segments and interviews about events happening at Wakeland High School. Wakeland Access, the school newspaper, has articles about events happening at the school.

A lot of sports are offered at Wakeland.

References
References 

Schools in Texas
2006 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Texas
High schools in the United States
Defense in Depth (also known as layered security and layered defense) is an information assurance (IA) concept. It uses multiple layers of security controls (defenses) placed throughout an information technology (IT) system. The multiple layers are not of the same security tool. It uses several different kinds of security with each protecting against a different security attack.

Background
Defense in depth is originally a military strategy. It seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker by yielding space to buy time.  The National Security Agency (NSA) changed the concept to be a comprehensive approach to information and electronic security.
The placement of protection mechanisms, procedures and policies is intended to increase the dependability of an IT system. Multiple layers of defense can prevent espionage. They also prevent direct attacks against critical systems. In terms of computer network defense, defense in depth measures should not only prevent security breaches but also buy an organization time to detect and respond to an attack.

Onion model 
Defense in depth has long been explained by using the onion as an example of the various layers of security. The outer layer contains the firewall. Middle layers contain various controls. The data is in the center protected by the other defenses.

A newer concept is the kill chain. Borrowed from the military it is a method of detecting and breaking an opponent's kill chain. Lockheed Martin adapted this concept to information security, using it as a method for modeling intrusions on a computer network.

Related pages 
Using more than one of the following layers constitutes defense in depth.
Antivirus software
 Authentication and password security
 Biometrics
 Encryption
 Firewall (networking)
 Hashing passwords
 Intrusion detection systems (IDS)
 Logging and auditing
 Multi-factor authentication
 Vulnerability scanners
 Physical security (e.g. deadbolt locks)
 Internet Security Awareness Training
 Virtual private network (VPN)
 Sandboxing
 Intrusion Protection System (IPS)

References

Other websites 
Defense in Depth has Always Been a Valid Concept

Networks
Computer security
Club Atlético Talleres is a sports club club that plays in Argentina's second division. Talleres' main rival is Belgrano de Córdoba.

Talleres is the only team in Córdoba that has won an international competition. It was the Copa Conmebol in 1999.

Honours

National
Copa Hermandad (1): 1977
Primera B Nacional (3): 1996, 1997-98, 2016
Torneo Federal A (2): 2012–13, 2015

International
Copa Conmebol (1): 1999

Regional
 Liga Cordobesa de Fútbol (27): 1915, 1916, 1918, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1934, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1969, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979

Other websites

 Official website  

Argentine football clubs
Córdoba, Argentina
1913 establishments in South America
1910s establishments in Argentina
La Jura is an Italian opera in five acts, with music and libretto by Gavino Gabriel. It was first performed in Cagliari, in 1928. On April 8, 1958 it was performed in Naples.

Principal characters

 Jaconi  - tenor
 Pasca - soprano
 Anghilesa - mezzo-soprano
 Burédda - baritone
 Filianu - bass
 Matalena - mezzo-soprano

References 

1920s operas
1928 works
Nicole Francine Aiello (born June 9, 1983) is an American  R&B singer-songwriter and model known by her stage name, Frankee. She grew up with her parents, Matthew and Francine, and her two siblings, elder brother Matthew Jr. and younger sister Monique. Nicole was given the nickname "Frankee," which came from her middle name (and is also her grandfather's nickname). She is best known for her debut single "F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)" which is a answer back to fellow American R&B singer-songwriter Eamons debut single "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)".

Career
"F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)" reached number one in the United Kingdom in May 2004, and Australia in June 2004. She then released her debut studio album later on that year.
She then left her label in 2006 and signed with Big Management She has also modelled for FHM and Maxim magazines.

Discography

Albums
2004: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly
2006: Watch Me (shelved)

Singles

References
References

1983 births
Living people
American hip hop musicians
American R&B singers
American songwriters
American soul musicians
Models from New York City
Musicians from Staten Island
Singers from New York City
The window envelope is an envelope with transparent plastic window in it so you can see what it is and who it's from. It was invented and patented by Americus Callahan in 1901. It was first called an "outlook envelope." Callahan planned to use very thin rice paper as the window, but now clear plastic is used.

References

Postal history
The Good, the Bad, the Ugly is the debut studio album by American recording artist Frankee, released in 2004. Her debut single "F.U.R.B." is an answer song to Eamon's "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)". To date it is the only album released by Frankee.

Track listing
"I Do Me"
"How You Do"
"In Love with Me"
"I'm Leaving"
"Gotta Man"
"Who the Hell Are You"
"Him"
"I Told You So"
"Hell No"
"Don't Be Mad"
"F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)"

References

2004 albums
Debut albums
Hip hop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Zurab Konstantines dze Tsereteli (, ;  born January 4, 1934) is a Georgian-Russian painter, sculptor and architect. He holds the office of President of the Russian Academy of Arts.

Other websites

 http://www.tsereteli.ru/  - the artist's official site
 http://www.911monument.com/ - the official site of "To the Struggle Against World Terrorism" monument by Zurab Tsereteli
 Artwork by Zurab Tsereteli at The Cold War Museum 
 Good Defeats Evil at the New York Public Art Curriculum
 Monument to Peter the First from Inside and Above. Pictures 

1934 births
Living people
People from Tbilisi
Russian architects
Russian painters
Soviet people
Mohammed Emwazi (born Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri, 17 August 1988 – 12 November 2015) was a Kuwaiti-born British Arab terrorist. He moved to London in 1994. He was thought to be the person seen in several videos produced by the Islamic extremist group ISIL. The videos showed the beheadings of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him  "Jihadi John" since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with British accents whom they called "The Beatles".

On the night of 12 November 2015, US officials reported that Emwazi had been hit by a drone strike in Al-Raqqah, Syria. The following day, UK officials stated a “high degree of certainty” that Emwazi was killed. He was declared dead later that day.

References

1988 births
2015 deaths
Deaths by airstrike
British Muslims
Criminals from London
Islamic State people
Kuwaiti people
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Sheridan is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,665.

References

Towns in Indiana
On 13–14 November 2015, a mass shooting and suicide bombing happened in Paris and Stade de France at Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France at the Bataclan concert venue, and at other sites. 130 people were killed. Because of this, French President François Hollande announced a national state of emergency. In his speech of 14 November, Hollande said that 128 people were killed and another 128 were gravely injured.

In total, over 350 people were injured during the attacks, about 100 of them are gravely injured. One of the attacks was at the Paris stadium, one of the others was at a theatre.  The others six were at well known places in the city. At least seven people were involved in the attacks: seven were suicide bombers, one was shot by police.

The next day, November 14, ISIS claimed responsibility of the attacks. The leader of the attacks was Belgian terrorist Abdelhamid Abaaoud. He was killed in a police raid on 18 November.
Background
France had been on high alert for terrorist threats since the Charlie Hebdo shooting in early January 2015 and other related incidents during the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. France had also increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, scheduled to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015, and had restored border checks the week before the attacks.

The Charlie Hebdo shooting in January 2015 occurred in the 11th arrondissement of the city, where the Bataclan theatre is situated.  Other attacks in France also took place, such as the stabbing of 3 military men in Nice who were guarding a Jewish community center, the Saint-Quentin Fallavier attack and the 2015 Thalys train attack.
Islamic State and their branches have claimed responsibility for numerous deadly attacks within the weeks leading up to the attacks. On 12 November 2015, twin suicide bombings took place in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 43 people. On 31 October 2015, Metrojet Flight 9268, carrying mostly Russian passengers crashed in the Sinai in Egypt, killing 224 people. Islamic State's Sinai branch claimed responsibility.

Also, during the day of the attacks, ISIL's lead executioner Jihadi John was reported to have been killed by a U.S. drone strike and had lost the Battle of Sinjar to Kurdish forces.

Attacks

Seven distinct attacks took place, comprising six shootings and three explosions. The explosions occurred near the Stade de France, while shootings were reported in the vicinity of Rue Alibert, Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi, Rue de Charonne, the Bataclan theatre in Boulevard Voltaire, Avenue de la République, and the Boulevard Beaumarchais.

It is likely that three teams carried out the coordinated series of attacks.
Attackers
The Islamic State officially claimed responsibility for the attacks on the morning of 14 November, praising their "eight brothers" led by Abdelhamid Abaaoud on the death of "at least 200 'crusaders'" and claiming that "this was only the beginning of the storm."
The people who committed the crime were:
 Four attacked the Bataclan theatre wearing black clothing and using AK-47 assault rifles. Three killed themselves with their suicide vests during the police raid on the theatre. The fourth was killed by police gunfire just before his vest detonated.
 Three suicide bombers detonated their vests near the Stade de France. A Syrian passport has been found on one of the suicide bombers according to the French Police. The authenticity of the passport was put into question and many analysts pointed out that false Syrian passports can be easily obtained. Minister of Citizen Protection in Greece Nikos Toskas confirmed that one of the Syrian passport-holders had been registered as a refugee on Leros in October. It was also reported that an Egyptian passport was found close to the body of another bomber.
 The eighth attacker detonated his vest on the Boulevard Voltaire near the Bataclan theatre.
The exact number of attackers is currently unclear; certain media speak of seven, others of eight attackers. Police think there might be 3-5 attackers who  survived, and are on the run. About ten people were taken in police custody in Brussels, as they might have connections to the attacks. The ringleader of the attack, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, was killed in a police raid in France on 18 November.
Aftermath
President François Hollande issued a statement asking the French people to remain strong in the face of such incidents. Hollande also visited the Bataclan theatre and vowed to "mercilessly" fight against terrorism. Hollande also chaired an emergency meeting of the French Cabinet that night, and organized his national security council to meet the next morning. The authorities urged the residents of Paris to stay indoors for their own safety. Hollande also cancelled his trip to the 2015 G-20 Antalya summit because of the attacks, instead sending Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius and Finance Minister Michel Sapin as his representatives.

On 14 November, President Hollande announced three national days of mourning. Later that day, some of the names of the dead were released:
 Thomas Ayad, music executive (Mercury Records France).
 Guillaume B. Decherf, 43, music critic and journalist (Les Inrockuptibles).
 Alban Denuit, 32, visual artist.
 Matthieu Giroud, 39, geographer (University of Marne-la-Vallée).
Reactions 
Pope Francis has condemned the attacks. He said that violence would not solve problems, and that the attacks could not be justified from a religious or humanitarian point of view. Representatives of Islam in France have also condemned the attacks, as did those of the Jewish community. Iranian president Hassan Rouhani cancelled his trip to France, and called the attacks a crime against humanity.

There are reports of isolated acts against Muslim institutions: Red crosses were found on a mosque in Créteil, near Paris, the day after the attacks. A man of North African descent was attacked during a series of demonstrations of a right-wing group against illegal immigration.

References

Other websites

 Emergency website . French Ministry of the Interior
 Summary and live updates. BBC News
 Summary and live updates. CNN
 Summary and live updates. The New York Times
 Live updates. France 24
 Live updates. The Local
2015 in France
2015 murders in Europe
2010s building bombings
2010s crimes in France
2010s explosions in Europe
November 2015 attacks
2015 mass shootings in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2015
Attacks on restaurants
Explosions in 2015

Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015
Islamic terrorist incidents in France
Massacres in Europe
Mass murder in 2015
Mass murder in France

November 2015 attacks
Murders by firearm in France
November 2015 events
Suicide bombings in Europe
Suicide bombings in the 2010s

Suicides in France
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2015
November 2015 attacks
Maithili (; ; Maithilī) is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken in Nepal and northern India. It is spoken by 34.7 million people. Of those, 2.8 million are Nepalese people. It is the second largest national language of Nepal. In ancient times, Maithili language was written in Mithilakshar. Now it is written in Devanagari script.

References

Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of India
Languages of Nepal
Raute is a minor Tibeto-Burman language. It is spoken in Dadeldhura District, Mahakali Zone, Nepal. Half of its speakers are nomadic.

References

Languages of Nepal
Sino-Tibetan languages