Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
In addition one can get on or off of a taxi at any road where stopping is allowed. Some fixed-route buses allow getting on and off at suitable unmarked locations along that route, typically called a hail-and-ride section.

Financing

Money is needed to build and operate a public transit system. The money comes from ticket revenue, government subsidies and advertisements. If ticket prices are too high, people will not use public transit. So, most systems charge passengers less than the full cost of building and operating the system. The percentage of total revenue that passengers pay is known as the farebox recovery ratio. Sometimes, a small amount of income comes from land development and rental income from stores and vendors, and parking fees. Some subway systems get money from telecommunication companies by leasing tunnels and rights-of-way to carry fiber optic communication lines.

Fare and ticketing
For most–but not all–public transport systems, passengers must buy a ticket. Tickets may either be bought before the ride, at the time of the ride, or both. Tickets can be paper ticket, metal or plastic tokens, or an electronic card (smart card, contactless smart card). Sometimes, a ticket has to be validated (marking the time of the ticket's use). A paper ticket is stamped when it is validated. An electronic ticket is checked in.

Tickets may be valid for a single (or return) trip, or valid within a certain area for a period of time. The fare (price of the ticket) is based on the travel class, either based on the traveled distance, or on a zone pricing.
A free travel pass allows free and unlimited travel within a system. Free passes are sometimes granted to particular social sectors, for example students, old people, children, employees (job ticket) and the physical or mentally disabled. In the United States, an employer can pay for a portion of a travel pass without that payment being taxed. So, transit systems allow employers to pay the system directly and to distribute the passes to employees.

Free systems
Free or Zero-fare public transport services are funded in full by means other than collecting a fare from passengers.

Zero-fare services may be funded by national, regional or local government through taxation or by commercial sponsorship by businesses. They usually use relatively small vehicles such as buses and trams.

Several mid-size European cities and many smaller towns around the world have converted their entire bus networks to zero-fare.

Local zero-fare shuttles or inner-city loops are far more common than city-wide systems.
On 29 February 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport in the country (buses, trams, and trains) free to use.

Cultural importance

Tourist attraction
Some means of rail-based public transport are also tourist attractions and/or well known landmarks in their own right. These include San Francisco's famous cable cars, the Molli steam powered train in Bad Doberan, the kusttram along the whole Flemish coast, the Schwebebahn Wuppertal, the Seattle Monorail, and the Christchurch Tram

Advocacy organizations
 American Public Transportation Association
 Community Transportation Association of America 
 International Association of Public Transport  
 Light Rail Transit Association (UK)
 National Corridors Initiative  
 Public Transport Users Association – a lobby group for Victoria (Australia)
 Taxicab, Limousine & Paratransit Association (TPLA)  
 Transport 2000 (UK)

Other websites
Other websites 

 NAUTF | North American Urban Transit Forum
 APTA: American Public Transportation Association
 Public Transportation: Wherever Life Takes You
 IMB International Maglev Board
 Metro systems' graphics indexed by city
 The biggest database and photogallery of public transport
 National Transit Institute
 Transport Briefing
 Public transport in Russia
 Public transport guide (Europe)

References

More references
 Australia: Trinity College, Western Australia 
 USA Transport Research Board TRIS Database
Sir Edmund Barton (18 January 1849 – 7 January 1920) was the first Prime Minister of Australia.  He was born in the suburb of Glebe in 1849 and died from heart failure in the Blue Mountains in 1920.

He was elected to the first Australian parliament in 1901 as the member for Hunter. He had a big part in making Australia a nation. His government passed laws stopping non-white people from coming to Australia and allowing women to vote in elections. After he was Prime Minister he became a judge of the High Court.
Political career
Barton was chosen as the Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1883. He served as the speaker until 1887. In 1891, he was a member of the committee writing the Constitution of Australia. In 1900, he led a group of Australians to London to present the country's first Constitution to the British Parliament. Barton was elected as Australia's first Prime Minister on 1 January 1901, when the new constitution went into effect. He also served as the Minister External Affairs (foreign policy and international relations). He resigned on 24 September 1903, and became a senior judge in the new High Court of Australia, and held that position until his death in 1920.

References
References

1849 births
1920 deaths
Australian judges
Australian lawyers
Australian ministers for Foreign Affairs
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in New South Wales
Legislative speakers
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Politicians from Sydney
Prime Ministers of Australia
Protectionist Party politicians
Crofton is a town on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. It is a small town with only 2,500 people living in it. Crofton lies alongside the water. A miner named Henry Croft founded the town in 1902 so he could do better mining on the mountains around Crofton. But soon after, the mining stopped. In 1956, a mill that makes paper was built in Crofton. Today, that mill has over 1,000 workers. Because Crofton is on the water, it has a ferry that takes people to Salt Spring Island, which is nearby.

Towns in Canada
Settlements in British Columbia
Zabno (Polish: Żabno) is a town in Poland. 4,275 people live there. Zabno is near a bigger city, Tarnow.

Towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Western Australia is one of the eight states and territories of Australia. It is the largest state in Australia, with about 33% of the land area of the mainland. It has a population of nearly three million people. Over 90% live in the south-west. Its capital city is Perth. 

WA is the second-largest country sub-division in  the world, only exceeded by the Russian Sakha Republic. Western Australia federated with the other British colonies in Australia in 1901.

Today, Western Australia's economy is mainly mining, oil and gas, services and construction. The state produces 46% of Australia's exports. Western Australia is the largest iron ore producer in the world. Basically, the mountains in W.A. are made of iron ore which precipitated out of the ocean over three billion years ago when oxygen entered the atmosphere in large amounts.
Geography 
Most of Western Australia (WA) is made of very ancient rocks from the Proterozoic era. These rocks include a great deal of iron ore, which is exported to Japan and elsewhere. Other metals such as nickel, copper, lithium and gold are also found in the area. The area was connected to India and Africa in the Neoproterozoic era, and stayed connected until the break-up of Gondwana about 150 to 50 million years ago (mya).

Unfortunately, the soils have low amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen, and so are not very fertile.

History

Before 1900 
In 1827, a captain in the British Navy, James Stirling, sailed up the Swan River and liked what he saw. He told the British government, and in 1829, Britain sent settlers to Western Australia. On June 18, 1829, the new Governor James Stirling claimed all the land of Australia that was not already included in New South Wales as the new colony of Western Australia. In 1868, Britain stopped sending convicts.

Federation
Federation 

Until 1901, Australia did not exist  it was six separate colonies governed by Britain. This worked well when everybody was British and there were only a few people. But now there were thousands of people and many of them had never been to Britain, an eight-month journey away by sea.

They decided to join to form one new country, the Commonwealth of Australia. This was called Federation, and happened in 1901. Western Australia did not want to join, because the other colonies were thousands of kilometres away. They joined when the other colonies promised to build a railway to Perth.

Succession referendum
In 1933, the Western Australian people did not want to be part of Australia any more. The main reason was that Western Australia had to give money to the rest of Australia to pay for national services like the army and education, but they were not seeing the benefits. As well, the Great Depression had happened and many people were homeless and poor all over the world, including Western Australia.

The government decided to hold a referendum and ask the people whether they wanted to start their own country, and 68% said yes. However, the rest of Australia and the British Parliament stopped it.

Modern history 

After that, things got back to normal. The Great Depression ended and the Second World War began, and many Western Australians went off to fight. Some of them had to stay here, because in 1942, the Japanese bombed the town of Broome in the far north.
When the war ended, a lot of people from Europe who had lost their homes in the war came to Western Australia, as land was still very cheap. In the 1960s, iron ore was found in the north of the state, which could be made into steel. This discovery made Western Australia very rich, and iron ore still brings in a lot of money.

Perth grew from being a small town to being a big city in just 30 years. By 1985 it had over a million people and is still getting bigger today. Due to the mining boom in the state, there has been an influx of people from the Eastern states to take advantage of the higher wages in industry.

Related pages 
 Australia
 Pilbara
 Shark Bay

References

Other websites 

 Postcode Tool - Western Australia
South Australia is one of the six states of Australia. The capital city is Adelaide.

Location 
South Australia is in the southern central part of the country. It is one of the driest parts of the continent. South Australia gets very little rain.

Appearance 
The state has a total land area of 984,377 km² (380,070 sq mi). It is the fourth largest of Australia's states and territories. In 2006 there were 1,554,397 people living in South Australia.
Emblems of South Australia 
 The floral emblem of South Australia is Sturt's Desert Pea, Swainsona formosa. It was made the emblem on November 23, 1961.
 The faunal emblem is the Hairy-Nosed or Plains Wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons). It was chosen on 27 August 1970.
 The marine emblem is the Leafy Seadragon (Phycodurus eques). It as chosen on 8 February 2001.
 The gemstone emblem of South Australia is the opal. This was chosen on the 15 August 1985.
 The official badge of South Australia is the Piping Shrike or White Backed Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen leuconota). It was chosen on 14 January 1904.

History 
South Australia was a freely-settled, planned British province. Settlement began on December 28, 1836. This was when the state was proclaimed at The Old Gum Tree by Governor Hindmarsh. The aim was to create the province as a center of civilization for free immigrants, promising civil liberties and religious tolerance.

Events 
The state is known for its festivals and fine wine.
Climate
The highest temperature recorded was 50.7°C at Oodnadatta on 2 January 1960.
The coldest temperature recorded was -8.2°C at Yongala on 20 July 1976.
The highest rainfall recorded was 272.6 mm at Motpena on 14 March 1989.

References
Richard Roeper (born October 17, 1959 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American movie critic, television personality, journalist, and historian. He starred on the American television program "At the Movies" with Roger Ebert from 2000 to 2008 as Gene Siskel's successor. Roeper also writes about movies for an American newspaper, the Chicago Sun-Times.

References

Other websites
 
 Biography  from TV Tome
 

1959 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919) was the second Prime Minister of Australia.

He was born in Collingwood, Melbourne, Australia, the second child of William Deakin. In the 1890s he helped Australia become a country. He was Australia's first Attorney-General (head lawyer) when Edmund Barton was Prime Minister and then became Prime Minister after Barton left. He introduced the Bill to start Australia's High Court, began planning for a railway to cross Australia, took over control of New Guinea from Britain, and introduced old age pensions.

Deakin married Elizabeth Brown on 3 April 1882. They had three children.

When he was old he had Alzheimer's disease which made him forget a lot of things.
Alfred Deakin died on the 7 October 1919 in South Yarra, Victoria. He was buried at St.Kilda Cemetery.

References
References 

1856 births
1919 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Prime Ministers of Australia
Politicians from Melbourne
Attorneys General of Australia
Leaders of the Opposition (Australia)
Commonwealth Liberal Party politicians
Protectionist Party politicians
Australian ministers for Foreign Affairs
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
John Christian Watson (c. 9 April 1867 - 18 November 1941), known as Chris Waston, was the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Labor Party. He was Prime Minister for only four months.

Watson, Chris
1867 births
1941 deaths
Australian Labor Party politicians
Leaders of the Opposition (Australia)
Politicians from Sydney
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
People from Valparaíso
Archie Comics is a comic book company in the United States. Its most famous and popular title is "Archie". This comic book is about a teenage boy named Archie Andrews and his friends: Betty Cooper, Veronica Lodge, Reggie Mantle, Sabrina Spellman, and Jughead Jones. Every character in this comic book is fictional, and they were created by Bob Montana. All characters were based on people he knew in Haverhill, Massachusetts. Other popular titles by Archie Comics include "Sabrina the Teenage Witch", "Sonic the Hedgehog", and Josie and the Pussycats. Archie's first appearance was in Pep Comics #22 on December 22, 1941. The first edition was drawn by Montana and written by Vic Bloom.

Archie lives in a small town named "Riverdale", in a state that is not known. However, in the early years of the Archie comics, Riverdale was in Massachusetts. This is known because a character Mr. Lodge was a senator for that state, but this is no longer part of the story.

Characters

The Archie Gang: Main characters
Archibald "Archie" Andrews, main character, a typical teenage boy with a great interest in dating, who sometimes can be clumsy.

Elizabeth "Betty" Cooper, the girl-next-door, very sweet.

Veronica "Ronnie/Ron" Lodge, the rich, sometimes nice and sometimes snobbish girl.

Forsythe Pendleton "Jughead" Jones III, - Archie's best friend. Jughead is sarcastic, obsessed with food, lazy, and apathetic towards girls.

Reginald "Reggie" Mantle, a conceited practical joker. He occasionally dates Veronica and sometimes, although very rarely, goes on dates with Betty. He is also obsessed with another girl, Midge, which usually gets him in trouble with Moose, who beats up Reggie.
Parents (of the main characters)
Of all the parents, Veronica's father and Archie's parents appear most often.
 Mr. Hiram Lodge, Veronica's rich father often hates meeting Archie because Archie is clumsy and causes him trouble.
 Mr. Frederick "Fred" Andrews, Archie's father is pear-shaped, old-fashioned, and balding.
 Mrs. Mary Andrews, Archie's typical all-American suburban mother.

The Faculty
 Mr. Waldo Weatherbee, the school principal, popularly referred to as 'The Bee'. He is often a victim of Archie's clumsiness, and he often punishes Archie by keeping him after school.
 Miss Geraldine Grundy, a teacher at Riverdale High who is usually shown as an English teacher. She also teaches every subject except gym or chemistry. Most students consider her a "nice" or "good" teacher. She is old with white hair.
 Miss Bernice Beazley, the grouchy school cafeteria cook. No one likes her food except Jughead. She is not well liked by the students.

Comic companies
American comic books
Zak Starkey (born 13 September 1965) is a British musician. He is the son of Beatles drummer Ringo Starr. Like his father he is also a drummer and has played with bands including The Who and Oasis.

References

1965 births
Living people
English drummers
English rock musicians
Musicians from London
Ringo Starr
Heroin is a drug. It is also known as Diacetylmorphine or Diamorphine. Heroin was originally a trade name. It is an opioid - a type of drug which acts like morphine in the body. Heroin is called a semi-synthetic opioid. This means it is made from an opiate that occurs in nature. For Heroin, that natural opiate is morphine.

Heroin is a white or brown powder made from the sap of the poppy plant. It is a painkiller. A painkiller is an analgesic drug. Its effects are like other drugs that come from the poppy plant sap. These include opium and morphine.

People smoke or inject heroin to get a calm feeling of relaxation. It is commonly known as "being high". The extreme happiness is known as euphoria. Heroin is a very addictive drug. This means that once a person starts taking heroin, they will want to take more and more. In some cases, they will want to continue even when they know it is making them sick and harming them. Heroin is an illegal drug in many countries, unless it is used to treat a medical problem.
Drugs like cocaine, marijuana, and heroin have been decriminalized in numerous countries. To date, these include somewhere between 25 and 30 countries.

Legality 
It is illegal to make, sell, and use heroin in most countries, unless a doctor has prescribed it to a person to treat a medical problem. Many people smuggle heroin and sell it illegally on the streets to make money.

Effects 
If people use heroin, they may overdose (take too much), which can make them very sick or even kill them.

When people take heroin, they get "high," or intoxicated (like being drunk on alcohol). When a person is intoxicated, they can get hurt if they drive a car or other vehicle. Also, when a person is intoxicated, they may do dangerous things, like having unsafe sex or being violent towards others.
Another danger is "withdrawal", which can happen when a person stops using heroin. As with other addictions, withdrawal is a painful, unpleasant process that involves physical and mental symptoms. Withdrawal is most common when people stop using heroin suddenly, or when a person who has been using heroin for a while tries to stop. However, a person can have withdrawal symptoms even after using heroin for just 3 days. Physical symptoms often include bad body aches, hot and cold sweats, chills, restlessness, diarrhea, and problems with eating and sleeping. These withdrawal symptoms are sometimes called cold turkey. Sometimes withdrawal feels like a very bad case of the flu. People can also have very strong psychological symptoms of withdrawal, like depression and strong cravings for heroin. Many heroin users are very afraid of withdrawal. Withdrawal - and fear of withdrawal - is one of the most common reasons why people have trouble quitting heroin
. Medications like methadone and Suboxone are sometimes used to treat or prevent withdrawal symptoms, and to decrease cravings for heroin.
Injecting heroin can be very dangerous. A person can get infections by using a needle that has not been cleaned properly. People who share the same needle can infect each other with diseases that travel in the blood, like HIV or hepatitis C. They can also do other dangerous things while high on heroin.

Signs of an Overdose 
 Extremely shallow and slow breathing.
 Clammy skin.
 Profound confusion.
 Convulsions.
 Cyanosis (bluish tint) of the fingernails and lips.
 Dangerously slowed heart rate.
 Coma.
 Death.
Detoxification 
The primary objective of detoxification is to help the addict overcome a state of physical dependence on heroin by allowing time for the heroin and related toxins to exit the body. The body will adjust to the lack of heroin by reacting in various ways which may include pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia and other withdrawal symptoms. During detox, the patient will be provided with medications, therapy and treatment that will help to ease or eliminate withdrawal symptoms in a safe and effective manner.
While detox is not actually a treatment for heroin addiction because it only focuses on providing treatment for the physical dependence that surrounds the addiction and does not place any focus on the psychological elements of the chemical dependency, it is a necessary first step to the recovery process. When detoxification is the first step of a lengthy heroin addiction treatment process which includes counseling and behavioral therapy, the process often leads to long-term success in recovery from heroin addiction.

Street names 
There are many slang names, or street names, for heroin. These names are different in different places. Some of the most common are Dope, Horse, Junk, H, Brown, Black Magic, Juice and Smack, number 4.
Heroin history 
In 1874, an English researcher, C.R. Wright, first synthesized heroin by boiling morphine and acetic anhydride. His early testing of heroin – then known as diacetylmorphine – showed undesirable side effects such as anxiety, sleepiness and vomiting immediately following administration. Accordingly, he discontinued his research. 

Over 20 years later in 1895, German scientist Heinrich Dreser and his colleagues at the pharmaceutical company Bayer continued Wright’s studies and declared diacetylmorphine successful in treating many common respiratory ailments.

Heroin was first made in 1898, by the Bayer Company in Germany. At first, it was used as a cough medicine and a painkiller. People thought that heroin would help decrease morphine and opium addiction. But after twelve years, doctors realized that people became strongly addicted to heroin. In 1914, the United States passed the Harrison Act. This was the first of many attempts to control the use of narcotics.
The word heroin comes from the German word heroisch, which means powerful and heroic.

References 

Illegal drugs
Addiction
Analgesics
Organonitrogen compounds
Opioids
Smoking
Esters
Pittsburgh is a city in the American state of Pennsylvania. The city was known in the 20th century for its steel industry. However, with the collapse of United States steel industry in the 1980s, the economy of Pittsburgh is now mostly based on healthcare, education, technology, and financial services. It is also the home of the Pittsburgh Steelers football team, who have won the Super Bowl six times, the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Pittsburgh Penguins hockey team, the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh is the county seat for Allegheny County. The Allegheny and Monongahela rivers meet in Pittsburgh and form the Ohio River.

Pittsburgh is in western Pennsylvania. It has a population of 312,819 people and a metro population of almost 2,400,040 people. Pittsburgh was the most livable city in the United States in 2007. In 2014 Pittsburgh was ranked sixth in the country for polluted cities by the American Lung Association.
The French and Indian War started when George Washington went to Pittsburgh.  Later it was a center of the Whiskey Rebellion.

The city is served by the Pittsburgh International Airport.

References

Other websites 
 Pittsburgh -Citizendium

 
County seats in Pennsylvania
1758 establishments
1750s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
The nasal bones are two small oblong bones in the human skull. Their size and form differs among individuals. They are placed side by side at the middle and top part of the face, forming the "bridge" of the nose at their junction.

Bones of the skull
Nose
Kapellmeister, (pronounce: Ka-PEL-my-ster), is a German word which means a musician who is in charge of music-making.  The word comes from the Latin word for "chapel".  In German "Kapelle" got the meaning: "choir" (because they sang in a chapel).  "Meister" means "master".  

The French word is maître de la chapelle.  In Italian he is Maestro di Capella.  In English he might be called Chapel Master or, more generally, Director of Music.

The Kapellmeister's job 

The word Kapellmeister is used to describe musicians in Germany who worked for a king, prince or rich nobleman.  Until about 200 years ago, these people often had their own private orchestras.  The Kapellmeister was like a Director of Music.  He would be responsible for choosing any new musicians, rehearsing and conducting the orchestra, and composing any music that was needed.
Many famous composers had jobs as Kapellmeister.  Johann Sebastian Bach worked from 1717 to 1723 as Kapellmeister for Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen. George Frideric Handel was Kapellmeister for George, Elector of Hanover, who later became George I of Great Britain. Joseph Haydn worked for many years as Kapellmeister for the Eszterházy family, a very important noble family of the Austrian Empire.   

A Kapellmeister could also be the Director of Music for a church.  Sometimes, this would be called "Kantor" in Germany.  Johann Sebastian Bach was called "Kantor" when he was Director of Music at the church of St Thomas in Leipzig from 1723-1750. 

By the 19th century, society in Europe had changed.  The nobility were not as rich as they had been before, and many composers started to make a living as a freelance composer.  Beethoven, for example, never became a Kapellmeister.
Sometimes, the word "Kapellmeister" is used in German today to mean the Director or conductor of an orchestra or choir. The title shows that they have to organize the orchestra or choir as well as conduct it.

Musicians
Entertainment occupations
The Kingdom of England was a country in Western Europe. It was the land in the south of the island of Great Britain. It is now two home nations. The present home nations that were part of the Kingdom of England are England and Wales.

Before the Romans arrived, what is now considered to be modern Britain consisted of around twenty two tribes. Following the collapse of the Roman Empire in Britain, seven tribes or kingdoms existed until in 827, Northumbria submitted to Egbert of Wessex at Dore, briefly making Egbert the first king to reign over a united England. It ended on 1 May 1707 with the Acts of Union 1707, which added Scotland to the Kingdom to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

References

Kingdom of England
Wales
Former monarchies of Europe
Romansh (also spelled Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is one of Switzerland's four national languages. (The other three are French, German and Italian.) 50,000 people in the canton of Graubünden use it as their native language.

References

Romance languages
Graubünden
Languages of Switzerland
The protractor is a tool used to measure angles. It usually has marks with labels of the degrees. Protractors are usually half circles or full circles.

Geometry
Measuring tools
Mathematical tools
Rabbi (in the Hebrew classic רִבִּי ribbi; in the Hebrew modern רַבִּי rabbi) in Judaism can mean "professor, master" or literally "grand". The word "Rabbi" ("My Master") derives from the Hebrew root "Rav", that in Biblical Hebrew signifies "grand" or "respected" (in knowledge). 

In Judaism, most rabbis earn their title by studying halakha at a seminary or yeshiva. The primary role of a rabbi is to teach Torah. In addition, rabbis often act as the religious leader of a Jewish community. In contrast to many other religions, a rabbi is not required to be present at life cycle events in Judaism. Nevertheless, rabbis still normally preside over life cycle events in order to ensure that it is done according to Halakha.

"Rabbi" is sometimes used as a title of respect for members of a Jewish community. 

Historically, only men were rabbis. Since the 1970s and 1980s, most Jewish communities began to accept women as rabbis. However, most Orthodox Jewish communities do not accept this change.
Three rabbis together can form a rabbinic court, or beit din. This is done when there is a legal conflict between two Jews. They judge the conflict based on halakha. A beit din is also formed for somebody who wants to convert to Judaism.

Rabbis are also sometimes asked to supervise food preparation to make sure it is kosher. When packaged food is supervised, the packaging is often labeled with a hechsher. A hechsher is a symbol which means that the content of the package is kosher.
A Gentile is a person who is not Jewish. It is polite to use this word when needed to describe a person who is not Jewish, as in "my friend Robert is a Gentile." Up until about a hundred years ago, it was very hard (and unlikely) for Jews and Gentiles to be close friends. This is because they would be expected to ask each other over for dinner, but Jews follow strict laws about what they can and cannot eat. They can only eat what is kosher.

Related pages
Goy
Israelite

Judaism
Super Mario Galaxy is a 2007 platform video game by Nintendo. It was released for Wii and is very different from older Mario games with new gameplay. A sequel, Super Mario Galaxy 2, was released in May 2010.

Plot
Bowser has captured Princess Peach again, this time using a surprise attack over the Mushroom Kingdom, with a battle fleet of flying boats by pulling the castle out of its foundation. Mario barely grasps onto the dug out piece of Earth, but is knocked off by one of Bowser's allies. He drifts out into intergalactic space, unconscious.
After waking up on a peculiar planet, Mario finds a playful star like creature, named a Luma and he must play hide and seek with the Luma and his friends to gain information about where he is. After successfully capturing all Lumas, the first Luma leads Mario up to a podium, where a beautiful woman in blue robes stands waiting. The woman is named Rosalina and she moves around space by using her mobile Observatory. It was her who gave the name 'Luma', after finding the first Luma, named 'Luma'. According to her story, one day she finds Luma stranded on Earth; this is the first time for her meeting Luma. She says that the observatory after Bowser stole its Grand Stars, which give the observatory its power.

Mario must follow Bowser all the way out into outer space, find power stars and Grand Stars, defeat him, and rescue Peach with help of Lumas, launch stars, natives of different kinds of galaxies, and the Toad Brigade, a group of Toads.
The game play is very similar to Super Mario 64 with special moves done with the Wii Remote.

Gameplay
In Super Mario Galaxy, Mario can do a Star Spin attack, and can jump from planet to planet. The creator of the Mario games, Shigeru Miyamoto, is the director of this game, and gave Mario moves he has never had before.

Features
Like the shines of Super Mario Sunshine or the stars of Super Mario 64, Galaxy has things called star bits. They may be used to progress in certain parts of the game, or they can be used to stun enemies. Mario can collect star bits using the Wii Remote, simply by pointing at them. Mario can gain a life if he collects 50 of them.
The coin system has also changed. In the previous two games, every 100 coins collected earned a life, but in Galaxy he only needs 50. Also, Mario will not be able to collect 100 coins to get a star in a level; instead, once he defeats Bowser for the last time, the player can choose to return to a level, select the "Purple Comet" star, and can try to collect 100 purple coins (not normal coins) to earn a star.

2007 video games
Mario platform games
3D platform games
Wii games
Wii-only games
Five and dime (also known as five-cent stores, dime stores, and ten-cent stores) is a type of store that was popular in the United States in the early to mid-20th century. They sold many different items, most of which were worth five or ten cents. Popular five and dimes included:

 Duckwall-ALCO Retail Stores
 Ben Franklin Stores 
 Butler Brothers
 W.T. Grant
 Kresge's 
 Kress Stores 
 McCrory Stores
 J.J. Newberry
 TG&Y
 McLellan's
 H.L. Green
 G.C. Murphy
 Neisner Brothers ("Big N" in later years)
Woolworth's
 M.H. Fishman Stores
 Mattingly Brothers

Related pages
Dollar store

American shops
The Legend of Zelda is a series of open world adventure video games. The games are typically about a boy named Link who has to rescue Princess Zelda from Ganon. The first game of the franchise was made by Shigeru Miyamoto and was first sold February 21, 1986 by Nintendo. Most of the Zelda games take place in the fictional kingdom of Hyrule. The games all have fighting, adventuring, item collecting, puzzle-solving, and sometimes racing parts. The Legend of Zelda series has sold over 125 million games, with 23 different games in the series during 2017, making it the 20th best-selling video game series ever.

Main characters
 Link - The protagonist of the game, who uses the items and skills he's collected over the game to save the princess.
 Zelda - The princess who sometimes gets kidnapped but gets saved by Link.
 Ganon or Ganondorf - A recurring antagonist who tries to conquer the land.
Games
Right now, there are 29 games in the main series, including the compilations and remakes.
 The Legend of Zelda (1986. NES)
 Zelda II: The Adventure of Link (1987, NES)
 The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past (1991, SNES)
 The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening (1993, GB)
 The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening DX (1998, GBC)
 The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (1998, N64)
 The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask (2000, N64)
 The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Ages (2001, GBC)
 The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons (2001, GBC)
 The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past & Four Swords (2002, GBA)
 The Legend of Zelda: Collector's Edition (2003, GCN)
 The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time Master Quest (2003, GCN)
 The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker (2003, GCN)
 The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap (2004, GBA)
 The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures (2004, GCN)
 The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (2006, GCN/Wii)
 The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass (2007, NDS)
The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks (2009, NDS)
 The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D (2011, 3DS)
 The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (2011, Wii)
 The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker HD (2013, Wii U)
 The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds (2013, 3DS)
 The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask 3D (2015, 3DS)
 The Legend of Zelda: Tri Force Heroes (2015, 3DS)
 The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD (2016, Wii U)
 The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017, Wii U/Switch)
 The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening (remake) (2019, Switch)
 The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword HD (2021, Switch)
 The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom (2023, Switch)
Universe

Hyrule
Hyrule is a fictional world in The Legend of Zelda series. It is inhabited by many races, including Hylians, Gorons, Zoras, and others.
 Death Mountain is a large volcano that Goron species lives on. Ganon has also had his lair in Death Mountain twice.
 Gerudo Desert is a desert that Ganondorf was born in. Only once every 100 years is a man born, so almost every Gerudo is a woman.
 Hyrule Castle is the home of the Royal Family, which includes Princess Zelda. It is often Ganon's target.
 Kakariko Village is a village that first appeared in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past. It appears in many other games after.
 Lake Hylia is a lake in many of the games. It is often the way to Zora's Domain, the home of the Zora species.
 The Lost Woods is a forest in many of the games in the series that is easy to get lost in. The Master Sword rests here in A Link to the Past and Link's home, Kokiri Forest, is right next to the Lost Woods in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
The Flooded Great Sea timeline
Long after the adult version Link from The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time disappeared, Ganon returned, and when Link did not come to save the people of Hyrule, they asked the Goddesses to flood Hyrule. Hyrule was flooded, and many people died because of it. Hyrule was lost under the sea, and people lived on islands that are scattered around the Great Sea. The events of The Wind Waker take place many years after.

The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass is set after the events of wind waker some years later and The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks is set after Phantom hourglass many years later in the wind waker timeline.
The Twilight Princess timeline
set after the ocarina of Time, in an alternate timeline, concurrently set in the age of wind waker but in an alternate timeline where Hyrule did not need the gods intervention, known as The legend of Zelda Twilight Princess, where ganondorf is defeated but ocarina Link gets lost in the lost woods and becomes a stalfos but is by a Devine intervention transformed into a golden wolf that can still go around Hyrule but is cursed and becomes immortal, as opposed to the wind waker timeline, Ocarina Link defeats Ganondorf and gets lost in the lost woods, years pass by and a new Link is born, Twilight Princess Link a farm boy at heart who has to suffer the trials and tribulations of a new threat Zant a being from the Twilight realm known as a Twili,
Ocarina of Time Link helps Twilight princess Link learn new sword techniques.

The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is set in the Twilight princess timeline more than 11,000 years in the future.
The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom is also set in the era of breath of the wild long after the events of Twilight Princess.

Termina
Termina is a land only in Majora's Mask that Link finds in the Lost Woods, that he has to save before the Moon crashes into it. It is an alternate land to Hyrule, and has many places and people that look or act like people from The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. The people who live in Termina are sometimes referred to as Terminans, or Terminan Hylians.

Master Sword
The Master Sword is a sword found in The Legend of Zelda series. Link uses it as a weapon in most games.
Known as the Sword of Evil's Bane, the Sword of Time, the Sword of Resurrection, and the Sword That Seals the Darkness, the Master Sword is to only be held by a person destined to be the Hero chosen by the Goddesses. The Link in The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword is the first holder of the Master Sword. The other Links are then given the right to wield the Master Sword because they carry the spirit of the Hero.

The Four Swords
Basically The Master Sword split into four set in The legend of Zelda four swords it exists in another alternate timeline separate from wind waker and Twilight princess known as the fallen hero timeline because in the game before it, that version of link dies.

Triforce
Triforce

The Triforce is a mystic object in The Legend of Zelda universe created by gods Din, Nayru, and Farore. It has three parts - the first part is the Triforce of Courage, which Link has, the second is the Triforce of Wisdom, which Princess Zelda has, and the third is the Triforce of Power, which Ganon has. When it is completed, the person who unites it can make a wish using the power of the gods.
The 3rd century was the century from 201 to 300.

Decades and years 
Note: years before or after the 3rd century are in italics.
The 2nd century was the century from 101 to 200.

Decades and years 
Note: years before or after the 2nd century are in italics.

Related pages
 Kofun period
Walmart () is a company founded by Sam Walton in 1962. It is one of the world's largest companies, behind Exxon Mobil. Walmart stores are large department stores that sell many different things. There are more than 8,000 Wal-Mart stores around the world, and over 2 million people work for Walmart.

Places Walmart can be found

Walmart can be found in a lot of places around the world. It is mostly found around the United States but can also be found in Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, some Asian countries, some African countries and some South American countries. Walmart has not yet reached Oceania.

Criticism
Criticism 

Walmart is criticized for having a poor record on labor rights, especially regarding anti union activity. It has also been criticized for once promoting made in America for its products but now largely importing the products it sells, from developing nations. Many of these jobs replaced manufacturing jobs in the US. along with the fact that Walmart retail jobs replaced many mom and pop stores in the US. In 2005, movie director Robert Greenwald made a documentary movie called Walmart The High Cost of Low Price that criticized Walmart. After this movie was announced, director Ron Galloway made a film that ended up being released at the same time called Why Walmart Works and Why That Drives Some People CRAZY. This movie had a positive view of Walmart.

References

American department stores
Companies based in Arkansas
1962 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Arkansas
Samuel Moore Walton was an American businessman. He was born on March 29, 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. Walton created the well-known American stores, Wal-Mart and Sam's Club. Walton was born to Thomas Gibson Walton and Nancy Lee Walton. He was part of the Walton family, which is one of the richest families in the world. Walton died on April 6, 1992.

He died a billionaire but was known for driving a pick-up truck instead of an expensive car.

References

1918 births
1992 deaths
American billionaires
Businesspeople from Arkansas
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Cancer deaths in Arkansas
Businesspeople from Oklahoma
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), also called the "Big Board," is a stock exchange in New York City. It is the biggest stock exchange in the United States by the amount of money and the second-biggest stock exchange by the number of companies listed. Its building is on Wall Street.

Stock exchanges in the United States
 
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Economy of the United States
A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a place where people meet to buy and sell shares of company stock. Some stock exchanges are real places (like the New York Stock Exchange), others are virtual places (like the NASDAQ).

International Stock Exchanges 
The most important stock exchanges in the world include:
 American Stock Exchange
 Baku Stock Exchange
 Bombay Stock Exchange
 Euronext
 Frankfurt Stock Exchange
 Helsinki Stock Exchange
 Hong Kong Stock Exchange
 Johannesburg Securities Exchange
 London Stock Exchange
 Luxembourg Stock Exchange
 Madrid Stock Exchange
 Milan Stock Exchange
 Nairobi Stock Exchange
 NASDAQ
 National Stock Exchange
 New York Stock Exchange
 National Stock Exchange of Pakistan
 São Paulo Stock Exchange
 Korea Stock Exchange
 Shanghai Stock Exchange
 Singapore Exchange
 Stockholm Stock Exchange
 Taiwan Stock Exchange
 Tokyo Stock Exchange
 Toronto Stock Exchange
 Zürich Stock Exchange
Great depression 
On October 29, 1929, the American stock market crashed on what is known as Black Tuesday.  A "crash" means that the prices of stock were lowered greatly, and no one wanted to buy it. Instead, they sold the stock for cheap prices.  Also, banks were trying to buy stock with people's money (stored inside the bank), so the banks ran out of money too. Because people could not get money back from banks, only a few people could afford the cost of living. This was the start of the Great Depression.

Other Articles 
Stockbroker
 Indian Stock market  - Types of Mutual Funds (By Structure)
Royal Capital BD - Top retail stock brokerage firm in Bangladesh
History of the Indian Share Market
The Bombay Stock Exchange is a stock exchange in Mumbai, India.

History
The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia.

The BSE failure to modernize resulted in the creation of an electronic platform in the National Stock Exchange.

Timeline
 1850s:  Trading under a banyan tree opposite Bombay's Town Hall
 1875: "Native Share and stockbrokers Association" was formed
 1956: Government of India recognizes BSE as the nation's first stock exchange
 2014 ; trading is done from drawing room

Related pages 
 National Stock Exchange of India

References

Other websites 

 Bombay Stock Exchange website

Stock exchanges in Asia
Economy of India
1875 establishments in Asia
1870s establishments in India
Sir Stamford Raffles FRS (Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles 5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826),   was the founder of the city of Singapore. He is one of the most famous Britons who expanded the British Empire.

Early years 
Raffles was born on the ship Ann to Captain Benjamin Raffles and Anne Raffles. Although his family was in debt, they managed to give him money for his education. When he was 14, he started working as a clerk in the British East India Company. The company sent him to Southeast Asia to look for another port as the trade between Britain and China was increasing.

He married Olivia Mariamne Fancourt. She was the widow of Jacob Cassivelaun Fancourt, an assistant surgeon in Madras who had died in 1800.
Founding of Singapore 
When the British East India Company sent Raffles to Southeast Asia, the company already had two ports, Penang and Bencoolen. However, these ports were far from the main trading area, the Straits of Malacca. Dutch ports, Malacca and Java, were closer to the trading area, which made them able to control the trade. They cut off the trade between Penang and the important trading centres at the Malay Archipelago.
The British East India Company thus needed a new port south of Malacca to protect British ships, and they chose Singapore, which was then a small fishing-port. Singapore had a lot of drinking water and a good location, in the centre of the Straits of Malacca. It was in an area not controlled by the Dutch. The deal was settled by Raffles making an agreement with the traditional rulers of the area to pay them money in return for the right to build, expand and use the port. Singapore eventually grew to be the important trading city-state it is today. Raffles held the title of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1813 to 1816.<ref>Ricklefs M.C. 1991. A history of modern Indonesia since c.1300. 2nd ed. London: MacMillan. </ref>

The most famous hotel in Singapore is called Raffles''.

References

1781 births
1826 deaths
History of Singapore
British colonial officials
Euronext is a stock exchange in Europe. It has buildings in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom. 

Euronext was created on September 22 2000, when the stock exchanges of Amsterdam, Brussels Stock Exchange and Paris Bourse were joined together in a merger. In recent years, Euronext has become the fifth largest stock exchange on the planet.

In April 2007, it merged with New York Stock Exchange to form NYSE Euronext ().

Stock exchanges in Europe
2000 establishments in Europe
Hippopotamidae is a group of even-toed ungulate mammals. They form the family Hippopotamids. There are two living species of Hippopotamuses.

Taxonomy
 Family Hippopotamidae
 Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)
 Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis or Choeropsis liberiensis)

Other websites 

Even-toed ungulates
Hiroshi Yamauchi (, Yamauchi Hiroshi, November 7, 1927 – September 19, 2013) was a Japanese businessman. He was the third president of Nintendo from 1949 until he quit on May 31, 2002. He transformed Nintendo from a small card-making company to a multibillion-dollar video game company. He was known as "Mario's Farther".

He was born in Kyoto. He died in hospital on September 19, 2013 due to complications from pneumonia.

References

Billionaires
Deaths from pneumonia
Japanese businesspeople
1927 births
2013 deaths
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Nintendo people