Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) (also called Slave dynasty or Gulham dynasty)  was a dynasty established  in Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak. He was a turkic slave of Muhammad of Ghor. The Mamluk dynasty ruled North India from 1206 to 1290. It was the first of five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate, which lasted until 1526.
It is also known as yamini  dynasty

History
The Mamluk, literally meaning owned, was a soldier of slave origin (came from a slave background) who had converted to Islam. In the 9th century the Mamluks became a powerful military caste in Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in Egypt, but also in Levant, Iraq, and India.

In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor, Sultan of the Ghurid dynasty was assassinated. Since he had no children, his empire split into minor sultanates led by his former mamluk generals.
Taj-ud-Din Yildoz became the ruler of Ghazni. Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji got Bengal. Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha became the sultan of Multan. Qutb ud-Din Aibak became the sultan of Delhi, and that was the beginning of the Slave dynasty. However, his reign as the Sultan of Delhi was short lived as he died in 1210.  His son Aram Shah came to the throne, only to be assassinated by Iltutmish in 1211.

The Sultanate under Iltutmish established friendly contacts with the Abbasid Caliphate between 1228–29. He had managed to keep India unaffected by the invasions of Genghis Khan and his successors.Following the death of Iltutmish in 1236, a series of weak rulers remained in power. The throne shifted from Rukn ud din Firuz to Razia Sultana until Ghiyas ud din Balban, the last powerful ruler of this dynasty. The Khalji dynasty was established, when Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji overthrew the last of the Slave dynasty rulers, Muiz ud din Qaiqabad, the great grandson of Balban.
Sultans
 Qutb ud-Din Aibak
 Aram Shah
 Shams-ud-din Iltutmish
 Rukn ud din Feroze
 Razia Sultan
 Muiz-ud-din Bahram
 Ala-din Masud
 Nasir-ud-din Mahmmuad
 Ghiyath-ud-din Balban
 Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Qaiqabad

Notes

References
 
 
 Dynastic Chart The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 368.

Further reading

Other websites
Encyclopædia Britannica (Online Edition) – Delhi sultanate
Lee Sang-su (Korean 이상수; other spellings: Lee Sangsu; born 13 August 1990 in Seoul) is a table tennis player from South Korea. He plays for Samsung Life Insurance. At World Championships he won one time bronze in the singles, twice bronze in the doubles and one time silver in the mixed doubles.
Career 
Lee reached at Youth- events a lot of international successen. At the Youth- asian championships he became champion with the team and 2008 he won the singles category. Also Lee took at Youth- world championships three silver namely 2007 and 2008 in the team competition and 2008 in the doubles with Seo Hyun-deok. His first medals at the World Tour-Gold in the singles and bronze in the doubles- he won at the Slovenia Open 2010, in that Lee came to the top 100 in the world rankings. In the doubles he became the bronze medal at the World Tour Grand Finals, with Seo Hyun-deok again. After the Korea Open 2011, where Lee won silver, he became with place 22 a new record. This position he improved first after four years.
2013 he has been nominated for the World Championships in adult area for the first time. In the singles he doesn't won a medal, but became vice-champion with Park Young-sook in the mixed doubles. 2015 where he played a WTTC again, he reached the third place in the doubles. Since August 2015 Lee is under the top 20 players in the world. At his first team WTTTC he reached together with the team place 3 (Bronze).

He qulificated himself for the Olympics 2016, but lost in the first match. With the team Lee has been the 4th place. In October he took part in the world cup, where Lee reached the Quarterfinals. Together with Yung Young-sik he won gold at the world tour grand finals and bronze at the WTTC 2017 in Düsseldorf. In the singles he reached the semifinals, where Lee lost to Fan Zhendong- so Lee won bronze. Of course that he became best South-Korean player. At the German Open he beat in the Quarterfinals Xu Xin and became the third place in the singles. At the Asian Cup 2018 Lee won bronze.
Results from Lee Sang-su

World Championships 

 2013 Mixed silver
 2015 Doubles bronze
 2017 Singles bronze

Olympic Games 

 2016 Team 4th place

World Cup 

 2017 Singles quarterfinals

Equipment and Rubber 
Lee Sang-su is an attacker. He uses on the forhand the Tenergy 05 and on the backhannd, too.

References



1990 births
Living people
South Korean table tennis players
The Battle of Stoney Creek was part of the War of 1812. It took place on June 6, 1813. The battle was between the United Kingdom and the United States.

Commanders and leaders

John Vincent and John Harvey were the main commanders and leaders for the United Kingdom. John Chandler and William H. Winder were the main commanders for the United States during the Battle of Stoney Creek. 

There were 700 British soldiers. There were 3,400 American soldiets, of which 1,328 fought. The United Kingdom had 23 killed, 136 wounded, 52 captured and 3 missing. The United States had 16 killed, 38 wounded, and 100 captured.

1813
Battles involving the United Kingdom
Battles involving the United States
19th century in Canada
June events
A leaf miner is the larva of an insect which lives inside a leaf and eats it. Most leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, a type of wasp) and flies (Diptera). Some beetles also do this.

Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defences by feeding inside a leaf, eating its tissues. It eats only the layers that have the least cellulose. Also, when attacking Quercus robur (English oak), they feed on tissues with lower levels of tannin. Tannin is a chemical produced in abundance by the tree. It is not edible.

The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined shows what insect is responsible, sometimes even to the exact species. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape, and host plant identity show the species and instar of the leaf miner. A few mining insects feed in other parts of a plant, such as the surface of a fruit.
It has been suggested that some patterns of leaf variegation may be part of a defensive strategy used by plants. It deceives adult leaf miners into thinking that a leaf has already been preyed upon.

References 

Insects
Parasitism
Plant tissues
Gul Circle MRT station is (EW30) is an above ground MRT station on the East West Line.

The station is the only above-ground station on the MRT network where the eastbound and westbound platforms are not located on the same level. This special layout is a provision for a possible two-station future extension to Tuas South, which would likely branch out from this station in a fashion similar to Tanah Merah MRT station as of 2024. Official details for this extension have not yet been announced.

History 
The idea of the extension was first mooted on 25 January 2008 with the extension proposed to be completed by 2015.
The stations were first announced on 11 January 2011 by Transport Minister Mr Raymond Lim in a speech while visiting Bedok when new platform screen doors opened there and originally fixed 2016 as the original year of the line completion.
The station is expected to benefit an estimated 100,000 commuters daily. It is the first elevated stacked island platform, as there is a possible future two-station extension to Tuas South leading out from this station or interchange with another line. The $190-million contract was awarded to Shanghai Tunnel Engineering, a major civil engineering company from China for this station.

This station ceiling is  above ground - about the height of a 10-storey HDB (Housing Development Board) block, the highest elevated station along the MRT network. There are two reasons for the height. First, the 7.5 km, $3.5 billion extension goes over the Ayer Rajah Expressway viaduct at the Pan-Island Expressway interchange. Second, a 4.8 km portion of the line is being integrated with a road viaduct, which runs below the rail line.

The opening of the station was delayed from 2016 to the second quarter of 2017 to make way for the installation of the new signalling system. It became fully operational on 18 June 2017.
Train services between Gul Circle and Tuas Link were temporary closed between 16 and 19 November 2017 following a collision that happened at Joo Koon. On 20 November 2017, train services from Gul Circle to Tuas Link were resumed; however, train services between Joo Koon and Gul Circle will be suspended till mid-2018 to facilitate maintenance work on signalling devices.

Future plans 

The station was built with two extra tracks opposite the operational EWL tracks, possibly for cross platform interchange with a future two-station extension of the line to Tuas South.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Iskandar Puteri is a city in Malaysia. It functions as the administrative capital of the state of Johor, Malaysia (Kota Iskandar) and represents the seat of government of the state of Johor (Executive branch & Legislative branch). Situated along the Straits of Johor at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, it is also the southernmost city in Peninsular Malaysia (and thus the southernmost city of continental Eurasia). Together with the adjacent cities of Johor Bahru (the official state capital of Johor) and Pasir Gudang, the three adjoining cities are commonly located within the Johor Bahru District and they anchor Malaysia's third largest urban agglomeration, Iskandar Malaysia, with a population of 2.2 million ().

History
At first, the city was a town called Nusajaya. In January 2016, the town was renamed to Iskandar Puteri. In November 2017, the town was upgraded to a city.

Geography
The city is located at the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia.
Government
The city is governed by Iskandar Puteri City Council. The city is the center for the state government of Johor, which is located at Kota Iskandar.

Education

There are several universities and colleges in the city, which are University of Southampton Malaysia Campus, Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, University of Reading, Multimedia University, Raffles University, Netherlands Maritime Institute of Technology, Marlborough College, etc.

Tourist attractions
There are several tourist attractions in the city, which are Legoland Malaysia Resort, Puteri Harbour, etc.

Related pages
 Johor Bahru

References 

Cities in Malaysia
Johor
Producer gas is a fuel produced by passing air and steam through red-hot coke or anthracite or other fuel that contains carbon. Producer gas contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and mostly nitrogen.

Fuel
Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India. He was the president from 1950 to 1962. He was an Indian political leader and lawyer.Prasad joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement. He became a major leader from Bihar. He is a supporter of Mahatma Gandhi. Prasad was put in jail by Britishers during the Salt Satyagraha of 1931. He was also put in jail during the Quit India movement of 1942.

First President of India 
Prasad served as Minister of Food and Agriculture in the central government, after the 1946 elections. After independence in 1947, Prasad was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India. This assembly prepared the Constitution of India. When India became a Republic in 1950, Prasad was elected as the first President by the Constituent Assembly.In 1957, Prasad was re-elected as the President. By this he became the only president of India to serve two full terms. He died on 28 February 1963.

References 

Presidents of India
Bihari politicians
The President of India is  the head of state of the Republic of India. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic.

President of India
Under the Constitution, of the Republic of India, the President replaced the Monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President serves as Acting President.

Status

Timeline
Timeline

References

Other websites
 Official website of the President of India
 Rediff.com – Presidents of India
 The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age 
 Zee News: Former Presidents
 India-Gk: List of President of India 

Presidents
India
Al-Nusra Front or Jabhat al-Nusra (), known as Jabhat Fatah al-Sham () is one of the organizations fighting in the Syrian Civil War. Since July 2016, it has also been known as  Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (, transliteration: Jabhat Fataḥ al-Šām). It has also been called al-Qaeda in Syria or al-Qaeda in the Levant. They are a Salafist organization and want to create an Islamic state in the country.
The group announced its formation on 23 January 2012. The United States designated Jabhat al-Nusra as a foreign terrorist organization, followed by the United Nations Security Council and many other countries. It was the official Syrian branch of al-Qaeda until July 2016, when it became a separate organization. In early 2015, the group became one of the major components of the powerful jihadist joint operations room named the Army of Conquest, which took over large territories in Northwestern Syria. It also operates in neighbouring Lebanon. In November 2012, The Washington Post described al-Nusra as the most successful arm of the rebel forces.

In July 2016, al-Nusra formally separated from al-Qaeda and re-branded as Jabhat Fateh al-Sham ("Front for the Conquest of the Levant").

On 28 January 2017, following violent clashes with Ahrar al-Sham and other rebel groups, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham merged with four other groups to become Tahrir al-Sham.
According to spokesmen of a moderate wing of the Free Syrian Army (FSA),  in November 2012 Nusra had between 6,000 and 10,000 fighters, which was 7–9% of the FSA's total fighters. Commentator David Ignatius for The Washington Post described Nusra then as the most aggressive and successful arm of the FSA. The United States Department of State stated likewise: "From the reports we get from the doctors, most of the injured and dead FSA are Jabhat al-Nusra, due to their courage and [the fact they are] always at the front line". On 10 December 2012, the U.S. designated Nusra a foreign terrorist organization and an alias of Al Qaeda in Iraq. That decision made it illegal for Americans to deal financially with Nusra. Days earlier, the American ambassador to Syria, R. Ford, had said: "Extremist groups like Jabhat al-Nusra are a problem, an obstacle to finding the political solution that Syria's going to need".

References
References 

Establishments in Syria
2012 establishments in Asia
2016 disestablishments in Asia
Al-Qaeda
Civil wars
History of Islam
Islamic organizations
Rajapalaiyam is a town and a special grade municipality. It is in the Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Its main attraction is the Ayyanar Falls. The economy is based on the manufacture of textiles. There are mills for spinning and weaving cotton. This town is also known for the Rajapalayam variety of dogs.

Population
According to 2011 census, Rajapalayam had a population of 130,442. It has a sex-ratio of 1,014 females for every 1,000 males. This ratio is much above the national average of 929.The average literacy of the city was 77.87%.

According to the religious census of 2011, Rajapalayam had 94.53% Hindus, 3.48% Muslims, 1.75% Christians, 0.02% Sikhs and 0.21% other religious population.

Reference

Virudhunagar district
Neyveli is a town in Cuddalore district, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town was developed in 1956 after the establishment (construction) of Neyveli Lignite Corporation.

History
In 1935, the presence of black particles was discovered. It was found that the particles are Lignite. The Neyveli Lignite Corporation was formed by the Government of India in 1956. The mining of lignite was started in 1962. Later thermal power station was started in 1962 with the co-operation of U.S.S.R.

Population
As per 2011 census, population of Neyveli is 105,687.The male and female population are 53,442 and 52,245 respectively. Average literacy rate of Neyveli city is 90.98%. The sex ratio is 978 females per 1000 males.

Reference

Cuddalore district
South Canara was a district of the Madras Presidency of British India. 
It covered the areas of the present-day districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi of Karnataka and the Kasaragod District of Kerala. In this district Tulu, Malayalam , Kannada, Konkani and Beary are the main languages spoken.

History
South Kanara was occupied by the British East India Company. This was after the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Mysore War of 1799. South Canara along with North Kanara formed the district of Kanara in the Madras Presidency. 
In 1859, Kanara was split into two districts, North and South. North Kanara was made a part of the Bombay Presidency. South Canara was made a part of Madras. Mangalore was the administrative headquarters of the district. The district covered an area of .

Population
South Kanara had a total population of 1,134,713 in 1901. In this 81 percent were Hindus, 11 percent were Muslim and 7 percent were Christian. In 1901, South Kanara had a density of .

References
References

Other websites
 South Canara by Vikas Kamat from Kamat.com
Districts of Madras Presidency
Beary language is an Indian language. It is spoken by the Muslim communities of Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts) and some parts of Kerala. Bearys speak a language made of Malayalam idioms (form of expression of a language) with Tulu pronunciation and grammar. The first Beary language feature movie (full length movie) Byari shared the award for the best feature movie at the 59th Indian National Film Awards.

Notes

References

Languages of India
Dravidian languages
The National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil is one of the National Film Awards presented every year by the Directorate of Film Festivals. This organisation was set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films. It was awarded along with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). The National Film Awards was established in 1954. These awards are the most important film awards in India. These are awarded for the best films of the Indian cinema.

Winners 

Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus Award) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

References

Other websites 
 Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India
 National Film Awards Archives

Cinema of India
Joker is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language political satire (meaning: mockery, joke) movie. It was written and directed by Raju Murugan (of Cuckoo film famous). This was produced by Dream Warrior Pictures.  The film was made with Guru Somasundaram and newcomers Ramya Pandian and Gayathri Krishnaa in leading roles. Bava Chelladurai, Ramasamy and Bala Murugan did the supporting roles. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Jaya TV.

Characters
Guru Somasundaram as Mannar Mannan
Ramya Pandian as Malliga
Gayathri Krishnaa as Isai
Mu Ramasamy as Ponnoonjal
Bava Chelladurai
P.V.Anandakrishnan as S.P
Awards 
 Best Film Award at 14th Chennai International Film Festival 2016 
 Best Production Award at Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 2016
 Best Dialogue Award at Ananda Vikatan Awards 2016
 Best Film Award at Norway Tamil Film Festival 2017
 Best Tamil Film Award at Zee Cine Awards 2017
 Best Feature Film in Tamil at 64th National Film Award
 Best Male Playback Singer at 64th National Film Award 
 Best Actor Male at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017 
 Best Dialogue Writer at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017 
 Best Film Award at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017
 Best Film Award at 64th Filmfare Awards South
 Best Playback Singer (Male) Award at 64th Filmfare Awards South

References

Other websites
  (IMDb)
 Joker website 
 Joker Trailer
 Joker in Facebook

Tamil-language movies
Dubreuillosaurus is a genus of carnivorous dinosaur from the middle Jurassic Period. It is a megalosaurid theropod closely related to Afrovenator and its fossils were found in France
It looked a lot like Eustreptospondylus. The type fossil was an individual that probably measured  long and weighed .

References

Other websites 
 Dubreuillosaurus  in the Dino Directory

Megalosauridae
Jurassic dinosaurs
Woh Apna Sa is an Indian Hindi-Language television soap opera.
Which premiered on 23 January 2017.
And is broadcast on Zee TV. The show will be produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms Limited.
It Stars Disha Panwar,Sudeep Sahir and Manasi Salvi.
The show follows the story of Jhanvi and Arjun True Love.Ridhi Dogra who initially played the antagonist role of Nisha quit the show and wswas later replaced by Manasi Salvi. It previously aired Mon-Fri 10PM, but now airs Mon-Fri 7PM as Ishq Subhan Allah was given the 10PM timeslot

Cast

Main
 Disha Parmar as Jia Aakash Khanna/Jhanvi Aditya Jindal
 Sudeep Sahir as Arjun Khanna/Aditya Jindal
 Tanya Sharma as Binni Jindal
 Sara Khan as Rano Arjun Khanna
 Manasi Salvi as Nisha Samar Sukhla
Swasti Katyal as Chinni Aditya Jindal
Reyhna Malhotra as Tamara
Ashish Kapoor as Samar Sukhla
 Alka Kausal as Ambika Khanna
Recurring
Ushma Rathod as Sharda Darmesh Jindal
 Isha Anand Sharma As Doctor Priya
Buneet Kapoor as Raj Jindal 
Amit Behl as Dharmesh Jindal
Ananya Khare as Sudha
Sabina Jat as Surbhi Agarwal

References

2017 Indian television series debuts
Hindi-language television series
Condorraptor (meaning 'robber from Cerro Condor') is a genus of Megalosaurid theropod dinosaur. From the Middle Jurassic of Argentina, it was one of the earliest large South American theropods. The animal was about 4.5 metres long and it weighed about 200 kg. It is very similar to another theropod from the same formation called Piatnitzkysaurus.

References 

Megalosauridae
Jurassic dinosaurs
Marshosaurus is a genus of medium-sized carnivorous theropod dinosaur. It was from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah and perhaps Colorado. This carnivore operated in the same territory as the larger and more famous Allosaurus. It was about 4.5 metres long and weighed 200 kg.
The Morrison Formation is a sequence of shallow sea and river delta sediments between 156.3 million years ago at its base, to 146.8 mya at the top. That puts it in the later Jurassic period. The area would have been rather dry, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The Morrison Basin where dinosaurs lived, stretched from New Mexico to Alberta and Saskatchewan. It was formed when the early Rocky Mountains started pushing up in the west. The deposits from their east-facing drainage basins were carried by streams and rivers and deposited in swampy lowlands, lakes, river channels and floodplains. This formation is similar in age to the Solnhofen Limestone Formation in Germany and the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania. In 1877 this formation became the center of the Bone Wars, a fossil-collecting rivalry between early paleontologists Othniel Charles Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope.

References 

Theropods
Hans-Reinhard Koch (27 November 1929 – 25 April 2018) was a German Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Leinefelde-Worbis, Germany.

Koch was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He served as titular bishop of Mediana and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt, Germany, from 1985 to 2004.

Koch died on 25 April 2018 in Erfurt, Germany of complications from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 88.

References 

1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
German Roman Catholic bishops
People from Thuringia
Piatnitzkysaurus (meaning "Piatnitzky's lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur. It lived about 166 to 164 million years ago in the middle Jurassic Period. Its remains were found in Argentina. The animal was a fairly large, lightly built, bipedal, land-based carnivore. It grew up to  long.

Classification

References

Jurassic dinosaurs
Shuhrat Abbosov (sometimes spelled Shukhrat Abbasov in English) (; ) (January 16, 1931 – April 25, 2018) was an Uzbek actor, movie director, screenwriter, and movie producer. He was best known for his movie Mahallada duv-duv gap (1960) which is considered to be one of the best Uzbek movies of all time. He was also known for writing the screenplay for the highly-popular 1977 adventure movie Shum bola.

Abbosov died on April 25, 2018, at the age of 87.

References

Other websites 
 

1931 births
2018 deaths
Uzbekistani entertainers
Screenwriters
Movie directors
Movie producers
Movie actors
Palaeoscincus (meaning "ancient skink" in Greek) is a genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur based on teeth discovered in Montana. Like several other dinosaur genera named by Joseph Leidy (Deinodon, Thespesius, and Trachodon), it is an historically important genus with a convoluted taxonomy that has been all but abandoned by modern dinosaur paleontologists. Because of its wide use in the early 20th century, Palaeoscincus is often shown with the armor of Edmontonia and the tail club of an ankylosaurid.

References

Ankylosauria
Philibert Randriambololona (1 May 1927 – 17 April 2018) was a Malagasy Roman Catholic archbishop.

Randriambololona was born in Anjozorobe, Madagascar and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961 for the Society of Jesus. He served as coadjutor bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antsirabé, Madagascar, from 1988 to 1989 and then as bishop of the diocese from 1989 to 1992. He then served as the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fianarantsoa, Madagascar from 1992 to 2002.

Randriambololona died on 17 April 2018 in Antananarivo, Madagascar at the age of 90.

References 

1927 births
2018 deaths
Malagasy people
Roman Catholic archbishops
Thespesius, or Thespecius, is an extinct hadrosaur described by Joseph Leidy in 1876.

History of Thespesius
Thespecius was discovered in Montana in 1855. Known fossils include vertebrae and toe bones (phalanx). 

The name Thespesius means wondrous one. Leidy avoided using the suffix "saurus" in the genus name because Vandiveer Hayden had claimed the bones came from a layer from the Miocene so there was a chance that the animal would turn out to be a mammal, though Leidy himself was convinced it was a dinosaurian. Thespesius turned out to be a dinosaur. The specific name occidentalis means "western" in Latin.

Ornithopods
Niederschönenfeld is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Since 2002, the mayor has been Peter Mahl.

References 

Donau-Ries
Bob Pickens (February 2, 1943 – April 12, 2018) was an American Olympic wrestler and professional football player. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He played for the Chicago Bears from 1967 to 1969. Pickens was also an Olympic wrestler, competing in Tokyo, Japan in the heavyweight division at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Pickens died in Atlanta, Georgia on April 12, 2018 at the age of 75.

References

1943 births
2018 deaths
Chicago Bears players
American Olympians
Sportspeople from Chicago
Huguette Tourangeau  (August 12, 1940 – April 21, 2018) was a Canadian operatic mezzo-soprano. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. She was made Order of Canada in July 1997. In 1967 and 1968, Tourangeau appeared with the New York City Opera, as Carmen.  She made her formal Metropolitan Opera debut on November 28, 1973, as Nicklausse in The Tales of Hoffmann.

Other notable roles included Bertario in Rodelinda, at the Holland Festival; in Semiramide (as Arsace), Mignon (as Mignon), and Le roi de Lahore (as Kaled), at the Vancouver Opera; and La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein, at the Santa Fe Opera.

Tourangeau died on April 21, 2018 at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
 On Huguette Tourangeau at The Canadian Encyclopedia 

1940 births
2018 deaths
Canadian singers
Sopranos
People from Montreal
Leland Bennett Yeager (; November 4, 1924 – April 23, 2018) was an American economist and an expert on monetary policy and international trade. He was a Professor Emeritus at both Auburn University and the University of Virginia.

The month before his death Yeager wrote about the "destructive and ignorant" trade policy of United States President Donald Trump. Yeager died in April 2018 at the age of 93.

References

1924 births
2018 deaths
American economists
Academics from Alabama
Scientists from Illinois
Writers from Oak Park, Illinois
Academics from Virginia
Gerald Arthur Sandusky (born January 26, 1944) is an American convicted serial rapist, child molester and retired college football coach. Sandusky served as an assistant coach for his entire career, mostly at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno, from 1969 to 1999. He 

received "Assistant Coach of the Year" awards in 1986 and 1999. Sandusky authored several books related to his football coaching experiences.

In 1977, Sandusky founded The Second Mile, a non-profit charity serving Pennsylvania's underprivileged and at-risk youth.

Controversies 
In 2011, following a two-year grand jury investigation, Sandusky was arrested and charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period from 1994 to 2009. Sandusky was sentenced on October 9, 2012, to 30 to 60 years in prison—at his age, effectively a life sentence. On October 31, 2012, Sandusky was moved to Pennsylvania's SCI Greene "supermax" prison to serve his sentence.
On January 30, 2013, Pennsylvania Judge John Cleland denied Sandusky's request for a new trial.

References

Other websites
 Sandusky, Penn State case timeline
 Grand jury indictment( )

1944 births
Living people
American autobiographers
American people convicted of assault
American philanthropists
American football coaches
American rapists
American sex offenders
Writers from Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Criminals from Pennsylvania
Peter Langkjær Madsen (; born 12 January 1971) is a Danish former entrepreneur and self-taught engineer. He co-founded the non-profit organization Copenhagen Suborbitals and was the founder and CEO of RML Spacelab ApS.

In April 2018, Madsen was convicted of the 2017 murder of Swedish journalist Kim Wall on board his submarine UC3 Nautilus and sentenced to life imprisonment.

References

Living people
1971 births
Danish scientists
People convicted of manslaughter
People convicted of assault
Aerospace engineers‎
Danish businesspeople
People from Copenhagen
Abbas Attar (; full name:  ʿAbbās ʿAṭṭār) (29 March 1944 – 25 April 2018) was an Iranian photographer. He was known for his photojournalism in Biafra, Vietnam and  South Africa in the 1970s.  He was a member of Sipa from 1971 to 1973, a member of Gamma from 1974 to 1980, and joined Magnum Photos in 1981.

Abbas died of complications from diabetes in Paris on 25 April 2018 at the age of 74.

Books
Books 

 Iran, la révolution confisquée, Clétrat, Paris, 1980
 Retornos a Oapan, FCE Rio de Luz, Mexico, 1986
 Return to Mexico, W. W. Norton, New York, 1992
 Allah O Akbar, voyages dans l’Islam militant, Phaidon, London, 1994
 Allah O Akbar, a journey through militant Islam, Phaidon, London, 1994
 Viaggio negli Islam del Mondo, Contrasto, Roma, 2002
 Voyage en chrétientés, La Martiniere, Paris, 2000
 Faces of Christianity, A. Abrams, New York, 2000
 Glaube-liebe-hoffnung, Knesebeck, Munchen, 2000
 IranDiary 1971–2002, Autrement, Paris, 2002
 IranDiario 1971–2005, Sagiattore, Milano, 2006
 Abbas, I Grandi Fotografi di Magnum, Hachette, Milan, 2005
 Sur la Route des Esprits, Delpire, Paris, 2005
 The children of Abraham, (exhibition catalogue), Intervalles, Paris, 2006
 In Whose Name?, Thames & Hudson, London, 2009
 Ali, le Combat, Sonatines, Paris, 2011
 Les Enfants du lotus, voyage chez les bouddhistes, De la Martinière, Paris, 2011

References
References

1944 births
2018 deaths
Iranian photographers
Photojournalists
Adebayo Adedeji (December 21, 1930 in Ijebu-Ode – April 26, 2018 in Lagos) was a Nigerian economist and academic.  He was Executive Secretary to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from 1975 to 1978, and UN Under-Secretary-General from 1978 until 1991. 

Adedeji was the founding Executive Director of the African Centre for Development and Strategic Studies (ACDESS) in 1991.

References

Other websites
The United Nations Intellectual History Project (includes biography and link to CV)
ACDESS 180803

1930 births
2018 deaths
Nigerian politicians
Nigerian economists
Nigerian academics
Inuka (Inuit for "Silent Stalker") (26 December 1990 – 25 April 2018) was a male polar bear and one of the mascots of the Singapore Zoo. He was the first polar bear to be born in the tropics.

In early 2018, it was announced that Inuka's health was failing. After a second examination, Inuka was euthanized at the zoo on 25 April 2018 at the age of 27.

References

1990 births
2018 deaths
Deaths by euthanasia
Individual animals
Singapore
Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from ; "good death") is the act of putting an animal to death or allowing it to die by without it facing extreme medical measures. Reasons for euthanasia include incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures. 

Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control although in some cases the procedure is the same.

In pet animals, this process is commonly referred to by euphemisms such as "put down" or "put to sleep".

References

Euthanasia
Animals and humans
Harry Kim (born 1939) is an American politician. He is the Mayor of Hawaii County since December 2016. He served as Mayor from 2000-2008. Prior to his election, he was the county's civil defense director. 

While Kim first ran for mayor as a Republican, he considers himself to be nonpartisan.

References

Other websites
 Video interview with Harry Kim 

1939 births
Living people
American mayors
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Independent politicians in the United States
Politicians from Hawaii
Military people from Hawaii
Tarcisio Pietro Evasio Bertone  (born 2 December 1934) is an Italian prelate and a Vatican diplomat. He was a cardinal of the Catholic Church, he served as Archbishop of Vercelli from 1991 to 1995, as Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) was Prefect, Archbishop of Genoa from 2002 to 2006, and as Cardinal Secretary of State from 2006 to 2013.

Bertone was elevated to the cardinalate in 2003. On 10 May 2008, he was named Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati. He was thought to be a candidate to replace Benedict XVI.

References

Other websites

 Biography at catholic-pages.com 
 Tarcisio Bertone, Salesian Cardinal
 
 Bertone interview 
 Thomas P. Doyle – Letter to Cardinal Bertone
 God's bankers – Economist
 Fall of the Vice-Pope - New York Review of Books

1934 births
Living people
Italian cardinals
Diplomats
People from Turin
Cardinal Secretaries of State
Sri Sri Sri Shivakumara Swamigalu (1 April 1907 – 21 January 2019) better known as Shivakumara Swami,  was a Hindu religious figure and humanitarian. He was the head of Sree Siddaganga Matha who provided education to many people. in Tumkur District, Karnataka, South India and founder of the Sri Siddaganga Education Society. 

In 2015 the Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan. He became a supercentenarian on 1 April 2017.

Swami died on 21 January 2019 in Tumkur, Karnataka from a lung infection at the age of 111.

References

Other websites 
 A true Karma Yogi 
 Spiritual Holy Place - Sree Siddaganga Mutt

1907 births
2019 deaths
Indian activists
Indian educators
Indian religious leaders
Indian philanthropists
Supercentenarians
Indian Hindus
Indian centenarians
was a Japanese hotel manager and supercentenarian.

Biography 
Nonaka was born on 25 July 1905 in Ashoro, Hokkaido as the eldest child of Masujiro Nonaka and his wife Kiyo Nonaka, and had two brothers and three sisters. In his youth, Nonaka worked as a farmer and lumberjack until 1925 when he took over Nonaka Onsen, a hot spring inn founded by his parents in 1905 and nowadays owned and managed by one of his grandchildren. In 1931, he married Hatsuno Nonaka, who died in 1992 and with whom he had 5 children (2 living).

Nonaka, who was the oldest living Japanese man since 112-year-old Masamitsu Yoshida's death on 29 October 2016, became the world's oldest living man after the death of 113-year-old Spaniard Francisco Núñez Olivera on 30 January 2018 (Núñez Olivera died on 29 January 2018 CET), and credited his long life to eating sweets and bathing in hot springs. Nonaka was also the oldest living person in Hokkaido since Teru Hatakeyama (who was just five days older) died on 3 April 2016.
Nonaka died in his sleep of natural causes at age 113 years, 179 days at 1:30am on 20 January 2019, and was succeeded as the oldest living man by Chitetsu Watanabe (born 5 March 1907), although German World War II-veteran Gustav Gerneth (born 15 October 1905?) and Mexican Domingo Villa Avisencio (born 26 August 1906?) claimed to be older than Watanabe (who, however, was the oldest living Japanese man).

References 

1905 births
2019 deaths
Japanese supercentenarians
Guru Somasundaram is an Indian actor who has appeared in Tamil language films. He made his debut (started his career in cinema) in Thiagarajan Kumararaja's Aaranya Kaandam (2011). This film won him much appreciation. Suseenthiran's action film Pandiya Naadu (2013), Karthik Subbaraj's gangster (criminal gangs) film Jigarthanda (2014) and Raju Murugan's political satire (mockery or joke) film Joker (2016) made him popular for his acting. The film Joker got a National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. He is called Kollywood Heath Ledger. He lives in Tiruvannamalai.

Films acted

Web Series

Awards
 Behindwoods Gold Medal for Best Actor for 2016.

References

Other websites

Indian movie actors
Haikyu!! is a manga (Japanese comic) series made by Haruichi Furudate. Haikyu!! was made into an anime too. The anime is directed by Susumu Mitsunaka. 

The story is about high school volleyball in Miyagi. The main character is Shouyou Hinata. He is a first year student at Karasuno High School. Karasuno High School is the main high school in this story. Shouyou and his team begins the Karasuno boys' volleyball team's journey to the top in Spring Valley High and Inter-High. There are five rival high school in this story. Aoba Johsai, Nekoma, Date Tech, Fukuroudani Academy, and Shiratorizawa Academy. In the story, the Karasuno High School volleyball team plays against the rival schools and the team members have a wonderful springtime of life with volleyball.

Characters

Shoyo Hinata 
A first year student at Karasuno High School. His position is middle blocker.

Tobio Kageyama 
A first year student at Karasuno High School. His position is setter.
Kei Tsukishima 
A first year student at Karasuno High School. His position is middle blocker.

Tadashi Yamaguchi 
A first year student at Karasuno High School. His position is middle blocker/soon to be setter.

Daichi Sawamura 
A third year student at Karasuno High School. His position is wing spiker. He is also the captain of the volleyball team.

Koushi Sugawara  
A third year student at Karasuno High School. His position is setter. He is also the vice-captain of the volleyball team.

Asahi Azumane 
A third year student at Karasuno High School. His position is wing spiker. He is the volleyball team's ace.

Ryunosuke Tanaka 
A second year student at Karasuno High School. His position is wing spiker.

Yu Nishinoya 
A second year student at Karasuno High School. His position is libero.

Chikara Ennoshita 
A second year student at Karasuno High School. His position is wing spiker.

Hisashi Kinoshita 
A second year student at Karasuno High School. His position is wing spiker.
Kazuhito Narita 
A second year student at Karasuno High School. His position is middle blocker.

Touru Oikawa 
A third year student at Aoba Johsai High School. His position is setter. He is also the captain of the volleyball team.

Hajime Iwaizumi 
A third year student at Aoba Johsai High School. His position is wing spiker. He is also the vice-captain and ace of the volleyball team.

Yutarou Kindaichi 
A first year student at Aoba Johsai High School. His position is middle blocker.

Akira Kunimi 
A first year student at Aoba Johsai High School. His position is wing spiker.

Kenma Kozume 
A second year student at Nekoma High School. His position is setter.

Tetsurou Kuroo 
A third year student at Nekoma High School. His position is middle blocker. He is also the captain of the volleyball team.

Lev Haiba 
A first year student at Nekoma High School. His position is middle blocker.

Takanobu Aone 
A second year student at Date Tech. His position is middle blocker.
Kenji Futakuchi 
A second year student at Date Tech. His position is wing spiker.

Koutarou Bokuto 
A third year student at Fukuroudani Academy. His position is wing spiker. He is also the captain and ace of the volleyball team.

Keiji Akaashi 
A second year student at Fukuroudani Academy. His position is setter. He is also the vice-captain of the volleyball team.

Wakatoshi Ushijima 
A third year student at Shiratorizawa Academy. His position is wing spiker. He is also the captain and ace of the volleyball team.

References 

Manga series
The Perseids are prolific meteor showers associated with the comet Swift–Tuttle. The point they appear to come from (called the radiant) is in the constellation Perseus.

They come into the sky regularly mid-July to late August. Date of peak shower is August 24th.

Meteorites
Astronomical phenomena
The Leonids are a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Tempel–Tuttle. 

The Leonids get their name from the direction their shower seems to come from. This direction is called the radiant. The meteors appear to come from the constellation Leo. 

The Leonids peak in the month of November.

Astronomical phenomena
Dwayne John Bravo (born 7 October 1983) is a Trinidadian cricketer. He was the former captain of the West Indies national cricket team in all types of cricket matches. He is an all-rounder. He is a right handed batsman. He bowls right arm medium fast pace. He is particularly known for his aggressive (extra-ordinary in hitting boundaries like six and four) batting in the middle order. He is also known for his bowling in death overs. He plays for Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League.  In the Pakistani Super League he plays for Lahore Qalanders. He also had played for the Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League, the Chittagong Kings in the Bangladesh Premier League, and Kent and Essex in English county cricket.On 31 January 2015, Bravo announced his retirement from Test cricket. He continues to play ODIs and T20Is.

Reference

West Indies cricketers
Trinidad and Tobago cricketers
1983 births
The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is well known for having the densest concentration of Jurassic dinosaur fossils ever found. It is a paleontological site near Cleveland, Utah. The quarry is in a part of the geological layers known as the Morrison Formation.

Well over 15,000 bones have been excavated from this Jurassic excavation site. There are many thousands more awaiting excavation and study.  It was designated a National Natural Landmark in October 1965.

All of these bones, belonging to different species, are found disarticulated and mixed together. Perhaps this strong concentration of mixed fossilised bones is due to a "predator trap". No scientific consensus has been reached yet and debates continue to the present day.

References 

Jurassic
Dinosaurs of North America
Geological formations
Geology of the United States
The Anglo-Zanzibar War was fought between the Sultanate of Zanzibar, a state in and capital of the country of Zanzibar, and the United Kingdom on 27 August 1896. 

The current Sultan (the person who rules the Sultanate of Zanzibar), Sultan Hamad bin Thwaini, who was pro-British, died. While he was alive, because he was English Council approved, he and the Sultanate of Zanzibar were on good terms with England, but when he died, a new Sultan was needed. Sultan Khalid bin Barghash, his 29-year-old nephew eventually became his successor, but Khalid was no-longer approved by England, now making him and his state enemies with the English Army. England told him to come out of hiding, but the new Sultan's response was to barricade himself in his palace even more. As expected, the Sultanate of Zanzibar was absolutely destroyed by the English Army, which led to what we know today as the Anglo-Zanzibar war, the shortest recorded war in history that lasted between 38 to 45 minutes.
Casualties & Losses 
There were varying casualties on both sides. For England, only a single sailor was wounded, but for the Sultanate of Zanzibar five hundred were killed or injured (including civilians), 4 artillery pieces were destroyed, a shore battery was destroyed, two other boats were sunk, and the HHS Glasgow (the Sultan’s personal royal ship) was sunk. The Sultan’s palace was also burned down to the ground.

Aftermath 
Khalid was captured by English forces in 1916, and a new Sultan, Sultan Hamoud, became his successor. This new leader was extraordinarily loyal to England and their council, which definitely helped Zanzibar recover from this attack, as England decided not to impose new harsh rules on their relationship with the sultanate.

References

Wars involving the United Kingdom
1896
Zanzibar
Guhyasamāja Tantra (Sanskrit: Guhyasamājatantra; Tibetan: Gsang ’dus rtsa rgyud; English: Tantra of the Secret Community) is a tantra method of Tibetan Buddhism. The central figure is called "Vajra‐pāni" which means a vajra-carrier or a vajra-master.

The Guhyasamāja Tantra was the secret gathering based on thought that having sexual relations with many women would contribute to Buddhism awakening. The legitimate wives of the vajra‐sattvaḥa, called "dakinis", were limited only to virgins. Although the number of dakinis is variously drafted according to the literature, it probably amounts to a number of geometrical progressionwise.

Also statues and pictures were made to beautify the method. However, because those acts had no integrity to fundamental buddhist precepts, it is no longer done in Tibetan Buddhism. On the contrary, warning symbols and festivals, such as Citipati, are widely spread.

Gallery

Related pages
Vajrayana
Aum Shinrikyo

References

Tibetan Buddhism
A music sequencer (or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically CV/Gate, MIDI, or Open Sound Control (OSC), and possibly audio and automation data for DAWs and plug-ins.

Electronic musical instruments
Music software
Sound
Shearography is a method used to test if something is broken on the inside, where people cannot see. Things that can be tested with shearography are airplane wings, wind turbine generator blades, boats, and other structures. A special camera is used to take a picture of something that might be broken inside. After this picture is taken, the structure is pushed a little bit so that it bends slightly. While it is bent, another photo is taken with the special camera in the same location. The special camera uses computer software to compare the two pictures. If the software sees any damage, it will display the damage on a computer monitor so people can see it.

Materials science
Edith Wilmans ( December 21, 1882 - March 21, 1966) was a politician. She helped lead in the Democratic party, fighting for women’s rights. Wilmans was born in Louisiana as Edith Eunice Therrel. She was married in 1900 to Hall Wilmans, and later they had three daughters. Wilmans first started fighting for women’s rights when she undertook organizing a Dallas organization for women’s rights. In 1918 Wilmans decided she wanted to become a lawyer to help women’s voting rights.  She then got a job for the Texas legislature in 1923, three years after the 19th amendment was passed. During her time on the job, she was part of the office that passed laws to give more money to schools in Dallas. In 1925 she was asked by Pat M. Neff to be part of state Supreme Court. She then later left because she didn't have the training to be on the court.

References 

1882 births
Lawyers from Texas
Lawyers from Louisiana
1966 deaths