Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Shamkhan A is a fashion choreographer and show director who is the first Indian from Kerala to direct Miss Grand International. He has worked as fashion choreographer and show director for over 100 shows across India.

Major Shows 
 Miss Grand International
 Miss India Earth
 Miss India International
 Miss Teen Diva
 Miss Multinational
 Miss Teen India
 Glamanand Supermodel India
 Miss Teen International

Awards
National Excellence award - Youngest show director of the country - 2019

References

Indian choreographers
In mathematics, 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 + ··· is an infinite series.Using sigma summation notation the sum of the first m terms of the series can be expressed as

Divergence 
The series' terms  do not approach 0; therefore  diverges by the term test. Divergence can also be shown directly from the definition: an infinite series converges if and only if the sequence of partial sums converges to limit, in which case that limit is the value of the infinite series. The partial sums of  are:

The sequence of partial sums shows that the series does not converge to a particular number: for any proposed limit x, there exists a point beyond which the subsequent partial sums are all outside the interval ), so  diverges.

Stability and linearity 
Since the terms  follow a simple pattern, the series  can be manipulated by shifting and term-by-term addition to yield a numerical value. If it can make sense to write  for some ordinary number s, the following manipulations argue for So .

References

Sequences and series
Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Cinema  is a term that includes all the movie productions that have taken place in any of the Middle East and North African countries. The countries that are included under MENA often change, but for this article, the countries included  Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
Moving images as a form of entertainment existed since ancient times, for example in China through shadow play. The first movie in which movement was constant and mechanic was "The Moving Horse" or "Horse in Motion" produced in 1878 by Eadweard Muybridge but it was not complete or long. The Lumière Brothers who built photographic equipment wanted to make film-making a job that could produce income, so they created the first movie. It was actually ten short films about factory workers "La Sortie de l’usine Lumière à Lyon" and it was presented in front of an audience in Paris in 1895. Their most well-known work is the "L’Arrivée d’un train en gare de La Ciotat" and it was aired in 1986.   

In 1902, the first-ever narrative movie was produced, which is the most similar to what we know today as a movie. It was produced by Georges Méliès and it is called "Le Voyage dans la Lune." This movie was the first to have a storyline throughout, not just a sequence of images that play for a few seconds.
An Introduction to Middle Eastern and North African Cinema 
In the 19th Century, the MENA region was separated between France and the United Kingdom. France and the United Kingdom had claimed protection over the countries through agreements and deals made between them (ie. Sykes-Picot Agreement). Because these countries did not have control over their economies and their political structures it was very hard to build national film industries. Due to the lack of national film industries only European products were available. Culture was also repressed, especially in the French-protected countries, which made it even harder to produce films.

The Timeline of Middle Eastern and North African Cinema
1896 - The First Screening of a Movie in the MENA Region 
The Lumière Brothers were the first film producers to present a movie to audiences in the MENA region. They screened a movie for a selected audience in Egypt in Cairo and Alexandria. In 1986 the first movie exhibition took place within the Ottoman Empire, in Istanbul. After the success of the first screenings, in 1987 screenings took place in cities at Algeria (Algiers, Oran), at Tunisia (Tunis), at the Moroccan royal palace Fez, and by 1900 screenings were taking place at Jerusalem in the Europa Hotel. All the movies that were shown were only addressing the tastes of the European colonizers and watching movies as a form of entertainment was directed towards Europeans. There was no representation of the local cultures and there were no moves to make movies more approachable to locals.

1896-1908 - The Creation of the First Cinematographers
Cinematographers, also known as movie theaters, were soon built. The first movie theater was built in 1896 in Algiers and, shortly after, the Lumière Brothers built the Cinematographé Lumière in Alexandria.  Between 1906 and 1908 the French cinematographer company Pathé built cinematographers in Cairo and Alexandria, Egypt, and in Tunis, Tunisia. The first cinematographers, similarly to the first screenings of movies, were not addressed towards the native people. However, Egypt was the first country in which movies had voice-overs in Arabic allowing native audiences to watch as well. While cinema, as a form of entertainment, was widely accepted in North Africa, in much of the Arabian Peninsula was not mainly because of religious reasons.
1900s-1920s - First Productions within MENA 
Similarly to the first cinematographers, the first movie productions were also in the hands of foreigners, mostly Europeans. Algeria, Egypt, and Palestine (specifically Jerusalem) attracted many European film producers who shot movies in what they called the "Orient." The Lumière company and Thomas Edison were some of the most popular production companies that shot films there. 

It is important to note that those film productions were completely dominated by Westerners. Not only were they not made for natives, but they also included very few natives in the production processes. However, this was not the case for the Ottoman empire where in 1911 the Manaki Brothers, who were of Balkan origins and Ottoman citizens, filmed the journey of Sultan Reşat Mehmet to different cities in Macedonia.
The situation in Egypt was also a bit different as it was the first colonized country to develop a national film industry. Already in 1909, the funeral of Mustafa Kamil was filmed by an Egyptian person, and by 1920 Egyptian actors and actresses were already given main parts in movies, as well as directorial roles.

1920s - Growth of Film Industries
The 1920s are a very important decade for the development of film industries in Middle East, and especially North Africa. Egypt became the center of the MENA in terms of its film industry. Many popular short and long films were filmed in Egypt, and production companies collaborated with Egyptian actors, cameramen, and directors. The American Aunt (الخالة الأمريكانية) is a short movie produced by Bonvelli in 1920, and it is one of the first to have an Egyptian actor play an important role. Later, in 1921, the film The Country of Tutankhamun (في بلاد توت عنخ أمون) was produced and was fully recorded by an Egyptian cameraman, Muhammad Bayyumi. In 1927 the first full-length silent film, Layla, was made in Egypt and it was fully produced by a native woman, Aziza Amir, who also played the female leading role. In Egypt, by 1928, there were two full length films produced annually, a number which is higher than other MENA countries at the time.
Layla (or Laila) is a very controversial movie since the opinions regarding who directed it differ a lot. What is known for sure is that Aziza Amir, the leading female actress, was the producer and the owner of her own production company Isis Films. In the beginning, it seems like the movie was to be directed by Wedad Orfi, who was the leading male actor; however, the movie was at the end directed by another man, Stephane Rosti. It is not known why this change happened, and it could explain why the filming process began in 1925 but was completed in 1927.
In 1922 the first short film was produced in Tunisia, named Zohra, and shortly after the first long film was produced. In 1928 the first movie was produced in Syria with a native director and leading actor, and in 1929 Jordano Pidutti an Italian director, directed a film about a Lebanese immigrant in the United States. Badr and Ibrahim Lama are the first Palestinian filmmakers. They were born in Chile but moved to Egypt to produce their first film in 1927. They are also very significant figures of Arab and MENA cinema.
1930s - Growth of National Cinema 
The 1930s begin with Egypt leading another successful production of a full length silent movie, Zeinab, and with the first Iranian movie being produced, Abi and Rabi. 1932 was a groundbreaking year for Egyptian and MENA cinema, with the first two movies with sound being produced. For technical reasons, they had to be recorded in Paris, France. 1932 was also the year that the first movie with clear Zionist ideas emerged, Oded The Wanderer. For context, despite Isreal being officially established in 1948, there were big waves of immigration of Zionist Jews in the area of Palestine in the 1920s and 1930s because of the Balfour Declaration.  

In 1933 Herta Gargour, a Lebanese woman, finances the opening of a Lebanese production company called The Lumnar Film Company. This production company produced the first film that was fully financed by Lebanese producers, In the Ruins of Baalbek. It was also the first movie in which the Lebanese dialect of Arabic was spoken.
The 1930s were an important decade for Palestinian cinema as well. The official start of Palestinian cinema is in 1935, when Ibrahim Hassan Sarhan filmed and produced Saudi Crown Prince Saud bin Abdulaziz‘s visit to Palestine.
In 1934-35 the Studio Misr was established in Egypt. The film studio was founded under the Banque Misr, which is still a functioning bank, and under Talaat Harb a very well-known economist and co-founder of Banque Misr. Banque Misr was founded in 1920 and it had the goal of nationalizing Egypt's economy. The initiative to open their own film studio was part of Egypt's nationalization process. Harb managed to send young men abroad to learn the newest European techniques in film production and then with funding from Banque Misr acquired sophisticated equipment. The Studio Misr was a very successful project. It produced many successful movies, such as Wedad, Munyet Shababi, al-‘Azeema, Salama fi Kheir, and many more. The success of many of these movies was due to the movie touching on important social issues of the time such as poverty. Many big stars also grew through this company, such as Umm Kulthum who was already a successful singer, but debuted an equally successful acting career through the Studio Misr.
Unfortunately, not all MENA countries could experience the same growth of national industries, especially those occupied by France, where native culture was repressed and only French culture was promoted. However, this does not mean that these countries do not a rich history in film productions. From the 1920s, especially in the 1930s many French movies were produced in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. These countries were used as backgrounds due to their "exotic" look and the perceptions that Europeans had about the "Orient." The use of these countries for their "exotic" features caused the reproduction of many negative stereotypes against the natives.
1940s-1950s - Fight for Independence in the MENA Region 
The 1940s were a very important for MENA and globally. In 1941 Iran's Shah, Reza Shah, had to step down from his position to due foreign pressures. Simultaneously, Syria initiates an independent movement from France. Two years later, in 1943, the French grant independence to Lebanon. This wave of independence movements caused the increase of national film production in the region.
In 1943, the first post-independence movie was produced in Lebanon called The Rose Seller. The same year in Turkey the first fully dubbed movie is produced, Troubled Spring. In 1944 the Centre Cinématographique Marocain is founded with the ultimate goal of producing Moroccan films and just a few years later, in 1946, France established Studios Africa in the Maghreb (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco) to produce documentaries with material from the colonies. Both of these studios had the purpose of creating and sharing propaganda regarding the revolts that were taking place in French colonies. By 1946, the studios were producing films in Arabic, not only French, and they became much more approachable to the audience by producing content that discussed Islam. Nevertheless, the movies' purpose was to spread propaganda especially against resistance fighters that were requesting independence from the French colonialism.
In 1948, Turkey, Iran, and Iraq saw growth in their film industries. In Iran, Esmail Kushan founded the Mitra film company which could domestically produce sound movies. This was important because until then sound movies would have to be filmed in Europe. In iraq, Alia and Issam the first Iraqi movie is produced. In Turkey, the government decreased the tax on cinema tickets which increased the demand for films and the production of films. On the same year, the State of Israel was established and war broke out in the Levant region. Post Israel's establishment, in 1949, the Israeli Motion Picture Studios open.
In the 1950s many of the struggles that began in the 1940s peaked. Egypt managed to gain independence from the British in 1952 with the Free Officers overthrowing the monarch and establishing the Ministry of National Culture and Language. Just two years later, in 1954, war breaks out in Algeria and Algeria demands independence from the French colonial forces. In 1956, Egypt gets attacked by Israel during the Suez Crisis. Morocco and Tunisia are granted independence by France in 1959 as well, but not Algeria, and Spain also gives up its territories in Morocco. By 1958 the first Lebanese Civil War begins.
Despite all the setbacks, film industries still managed to somewhat grow. Youssef Chahine is an important Egyptian director who always included some kind of political commentary in his movies. He lived through very turbulant decades in Egypt and he is well-known for not accepting censorship over his art. He discussed topics such as the British occupation, Nasser's rule, Islamism, and the changing relationships between the Arab world and the Western world. One of his most important films is Jamila the Algerian (جميلة الجزائرية), produced in 1958, which came out after the Algerian fight independence. This is his first film in which the message was clearly political. Another important work of his is the documentary Cairo, As Told By Chahine (القاهرة منورة بأهلها), released in 1991, which showed the two sides of Cairo: an opulent center of the Arab world and city ridden by poverty and religious intolerance. In 1953 the first Turkish color film was produced by Muhsin Ertuğrul, called Carpet-weaving Girl
. In Lebanon the Baalbek (Baalbeck) Studios get founded, which will be especially important in the 1960s. In 195 p7 the first Jordanian film gets produced, Struggle in Jarash. It was the first movie which was fully produced in Jordan by locals, and it was produced in Arabic. In the same year Where to? (إلى أين؟) by George Nasser was the first fully Lebanese movie that was presented at the Cannes Festival.
1960s - Independence and Resistance in National Film Industries
The 1960s were a decade of change for many MENA countries. This change is connected to liberation, especially in North Africa, and it, can be seen through the expansion of national film industries. Algeria gained its independence in 1962 after 8 years of war. At the time that liberation was granted, Algeria had 424 cinemas, number much greater than other countries of the Maghreb. Non-print sources of information were very important in Algeria when forming a homogenous national identity, especially during independence, because of the very high illiteracy rates. The use of cinema, or radio, plaid such a significant role in the independence war that the French declared those mediums colonial propaganda. By 1964, Algeria had managed to nationalize its film industry with a very important figure of Algerian cinema Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina. Algeria is home to a native group, Amazigh which speaks Berber
. This group was always the most suppressed under French colonization, but it continued being suppressed even under an Algerian government. This can be seen in productions of ONCIC, an Algerian government-owned production company, where Berber languages were strictly forbidden.
Palestinian cinema also grew in the 60s as a form resistance. Mustapha Abu Ali, Hany Jawhariya, and Sulafa Jadallah established a film unit in Jordan which was owned by Fatah, which at the time was the liberation force in Palestine. It produced documentaries about the Israeli occupation of Palestine. Other organizations such as the PFLP, the PDFLP, and the PLO also started producing documentaries to spread their cause, but they couldn't be as successful as the Algerian organizations because they had no access to the occupied territories. Their films focused more on the life conditions in refugee camps and in military actions and attacks that were taking place out of the occupied territories. An example of such a documentary is the Aftermath which is a short documentary the depicts the humanitarian conditions at the refugee camps after the 1967 war with the goal of gaining humanitarian aid for the Palestinians
. What was different about this documentary is that it included interviews from natives speaking Arabic which made the message stronger. However, this movie as well as many others of that time fail to address the problem behind the refugees and present the refugees as "a problem that needs to be solved."
Morocco gained its independence from France in 1956. Afterwards the Moroccan state took no control over the cinemas. The first feature films were produced in 1968 by the national film organisation Centre Cinématographique Marocain (CCM), which was founded by colonial authorities in 1944. The CCM is still the heart of Moroccan national cinema today. During the 60s Tunisia still struggled for independence so the movies produced in Tunisia where either French productions or films that demonstrated the struggle for independence.
In the 1960s, Egyptian cinema continued flourishing. The Night of Counting the Years or The Mummy (المومية) was produced in 1969 by Shadi Abdel Salam and it is based on a true story. The Egyptian star Nadia Lufti was featured in this film who was an important figure in Egyptian cinema. It is considered to be one of the best Egyptian movies to have ever been produced as it marks the start for the age of realism in Egyptian cinema. Moreover, it was shot in Classical Arabic which is very uncommon for Egyptian films and gives it constant meaning through the years and the many MENA countries.

1970s - Decade of Turmoil
The 1970s were a decade of instability in many of the MENA countries. In 1970-71 the situation between Israel and Palestine evolved rapidly with thousands of Palestinians losing their life due to the Black September events. While this was a tragic escalation of the conflict, it allowed for Palestinian Resistance Cinema to grow. Palestinian Resistance Cinema is different compared to other resistance cinemas because it did not change public opinion on the conflict, but it did work as a mobilization force for many Europeans as well as a unitary force between Arabs and Palestinians. These resistance movies were documentary-style films that had the ultimate goal of educating and informing people. One example of such a film is With Soul, With Blood (بالروح، بالدم) which was produced by the Palestinian Film Unit in 1971. It discusses the conflict between the army of the Jordanian king, King Hussein, and the PLO, and the attacks that followed (Black September)
. It was directed by Mustafa Abu Ali and it was a cornerstone for Palestinian and MENA Resistance Cinema as it made commentary on Western Imperialism in the Middle East in general. In 1976 in Lebanon, which so far was experiencing its "golden-age" in cinema, the second Lebanese Civil War broke out which put an abrupt end to the success of Lebanese cinema for some time.
In the same decade other countries were experiencing mass growth in their national film industries. In 1972, Egypt saw one of its greatest productions Watch Out for Zuzu (خلي بالك من زوزو) featuring one of the greatest Egyptian actresses, Souad Hosni. In the same year, Syria organized the first International Film Festival for Young Arab Cinema in Damascus, and the Yeşilçam production in Turkey reached an average of about 300 productions annually. Algeria also experienced growth in the 70s. In 1975 Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina produced Chronicle of the Years of Ashes (وقائع سنن الخمر), a movie about resistance and the fight for independence in Algeria. Lakhdar won the Palme D'or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1975 for the production of that film. This movie was the most expensive Algerian production so far, and it popularized Algerian cinema internationally. In 1978, The Nubah of the Women of Mount Chenoua was the first Algerian film directed by a woman, Assia Djebar
1980s - National Film Industries and War 
The 1980s inherited much turmoil from the previous decades. Lebanon was still going through Civil War (started 1976 - lasted 15 years), a new war breaks out between Iran and Iraq in 1980, Turkey went through a three year long dictatorship from 1980 to 1983, and in 1982 Israel invades the south of Lebanon. These developments were a major setback for the film industries of the countries, with the exception of Iranian cinema which welcomed a new style of films "sacred defence" as a response to the war with Iraq.
The Israeli attack of Beirut (Lebanese capital) affected the Palestinian film industry significantly. The PLO's headquarters were located in Beirut and many important documents, pictures, videos, etc. were stored there. The destruction of the headquarters caused a decrease in the production of Palestinian films. The loss, however, was not detrimental with a new famous movie being produced in 1987 by director Michel Khleifi. The movie Wedding in Galilee (عرس الجليل) was the first fictional Palestinian movie and it was inspired by the challenges Palestinians faced living in territories controlled by the Israeli military.
The war between Iran and Iraq, as mentioned previously, inspired a new movie genre "sacred defence." Approximately 50 films were produced with that genre during the time of the war. Despite the production of such films, the Iranian regime was overall against cinema. After the 1979 Islamic Revolution and in the first three years of Khomeini's rule more than 150 cinemas were destroyed all throughout the country. This was because cinema and film production was deemed as a way for the west to "inject" its values into Iran and Islamic states in general. However, later on, cinema proved to be a necessary medium for the regime as it could easily spread information. The movies that could be produced from then and on had to be approved by The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (established in 1982) first and had to fit in some specific "boxes." By 1983, the Iranian regime seemed more keen on producing and exporting films and the Farabi Cinema Foundation was established
. During the 1980s few films were produced in Iran but they were marked by success. In 1986 two major movies were produced that put Iran on top of film productions internationally, The Runner (دونده) by Amir Naderi and Bashu, The Little Stranger (باشو غريبه کوݘک) by Bahram Beyzai. Three years later, the movie Where Is My Friend's House? (خانه دوست کجاست) was the debut of Abbas Kiarostami, famous Iranian director.
By the 1980s most film industries were well-established in their roles and functions for the general MENA film industry. For example, especially in the 80s, Lebanon plaid a significant role in the distribution of Egyptian films internationally due its colonial connections with France. These roles and functions also differed internally with Algeria and Syria providing funds to young native film-makers versus Morocco providing no resources to native film-makers and focusing all its funds to foreign documentaries. Even the countries that made efforts to nationalize their film industries were missing one main factor, money. It is clear that for many countries of the MENA region were fighting for survival and depend on foreign funding, to this day.
During the 1980s Palestinian productions saw a decrease because of the ongoing conflict. Despite the harsh conditions that film producers and directors had to work under they still managed to produce few influential movies. One of them was a documentary-style film Children, Nonetheless (also known as Children, Nevertheless) which came out on the UN-declared year as Year of the Child and pointed out the discrepancy between the declaration and the living conditions of Palestinian children.
1990s - Fundamentalism and Conflict
The 1990s are marked by a new wave of Fundamentalism and Islamic Fundamentalism in the MENA region, as well as increased violent conflicts. These two main factors had some effect on the growth of national film industries. Egypt, previously known as one of the countries with the most vibrant and successful film industries, was now known for initiating a "witch-hunt" against artist, which of course includes actors/actresses, directors, and script writers. The peak of this era of "witch-hunts" in Egypt was in 1994 when Youssef Chahine, arguably the most important and successful Egyptian director, got sent to court for one of the movies he produced. That movie is called The Exiled (المهاجر) and Chahine was sent to court for it because it depicted the Prophet Joseph, which according to the religious rulings in Egypt and Islam was not allowed. Despite of the court ruling that the movie should be removed from movie theaters, it still remained one of the most popular and successful movies of Chahine
. Despite the regime's response, in 1997 Chahine went on to create another very successful movie which challenged Islamic Fundamentalism, Destiny (المصير). However, not all countries had the same response to the rise in Islamic Fundamentalism. Tunisia is an example of such a country, which in 1994 saw the production of the film Beb El-Oued City, a film which demonstrated the consequences that Islamic and religious fundamentalism could have in the society. That movie made it to the Cannes Film Festival and won the International Critics' Prize by the F.I.P.R.E.S.C.I., as well as a lot of global recognition.
In 1990, Iraq invades Kuweit, and in 1991 the U.S.A. invades Iraq starting the Gulf War. Just a year later, in 1992, Algeria gets in a 10-year-long Civil War. These conflicts put a rough end, or long pause, to the film industries of these countries. Algerian cinema, once very successful in the MENA, crumbled with the cinema sector being privatized in 1993 and the government organization responsible for funding closing down by 1998. 

Palestinian films kept getting produced at a steady pace, and got a boost when Rashid Masharawi established the Cinema Production and Distribution Center in Ramallah in 1996. In 1995 Khleifi produced what is considered to be one of the greatest Palestinian productions, Tale of the Three Jewels (حكاية الحواهر الثلاث). It was a successful movie internationally and it made a difference by not showing any violent scenes or scenes from war in general, but rather demonstrating the effects of the war on people, and children more specifically.
In 1990 the first privately-owned television channel opened in Turkey, with the name of Magic Box Inter Star 1. This was a first for the MENA region and it put an end to the Yeşilçam era of the Turkish film industry as many professionals started working for the TV now. However, in 1996 The Bandit (Eşkiya) is the first film to be released in the new cinema of Turkey, which managed to somewhat revive domestic film production.  

Iranian cinema flourished in the 1990s. In 1991 Rakshan Bani-Etemad becomes the first woman to receive the "Best Director" award at the Fajr Internation Film Festival in Iran. She won this award for her movie Nargess. Later, in 1997, Abbas Kiarostami won the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival for the film Taste of Cherry. Also, a wider range of films are allowed to be released, because the rules for Iranian cinema become less strict.
2000s - Inspiration Through Struggle 
In the 2000s, MENA cinema grew a lot as some directors started discussing certain taboo topics such as homosexuality and transsexuality. A film released in the year 2000, Room to rent (Khaled al-Haggar), is about an Egyptian man called Ali who is studying in London. He becomes friends with Mark, a gay photographer. This creates a fresh perspective on sexuality and socially prescribed sexual roles. The 2002 film Une minute de Soleil en moins, directed by Nabil Ayouch. It depicts a police inspector who starts a friendship with a transvestite. These are quite well-known examples, but other films that critique sexual repression of queer people more obviously did not reach such a wide audience. Examples are the Lebanese How much I love you by Akram Zaatari and Palestinian Tawfik Abu Wad's Diary of a Male Whore.
Most national film industries grew in the 2000s, while others had a setback because of conflicts. In this decade, Egypt still dominated the Arab film scene as it had always done. However, it has also progressed a lot in the 21st century compared to the three decades beforehand. In the 70s, 80s and 90s cinema in the country was slowed down largely due to government film institutions being made private. Since then, more movies have been produced and have also improved in quality. In the year 2000, three Iranian movies won awards at International Film Festivals, The Apple by Samira Makhmalbaf, Djomeh by Hassan Yektepanah, and A Time for Drunken Horses by Bahman Qobadi. These movies became well-known and established Iranian cinema on the global stage.
In 2004 the Palestinian Film Foundation (PFF) is created in the United Kingdom to organize Palestinian cinema in the UK. The Palestinian film Paradise Now directed by Hany Abu-Assad is released in 2005. This was the first Palestinian film allowed to enter in the United States Academy Awards. The non-governmental organization Shashat is founded in Ramallah, a Palestinian city in the West Bank. Its primary objective is to encourage women's filmmaking. Many young Palestinian women have joined the documentary filmmaking scene in the 2000s. Three important Palestinian documentary filmmakers are Rima Essa, Suha Arraf and May Oday. All of them work and live in Palestine. The dominant themes in modern Palestinian films are "Palestinian displacement, exile, diaspora and statelessness".
In Turkey, domestic cinema brings in more money than international films in 2008. In fact, the top ten films in terms of profit are all national films. It is the first time for this to happen since the Yeşilçam years. In post-Yeşilçam Turkey, new themes have appeared in films. Examples are "novel interpretations of Turkification and of Turkey's relationship to digital technologies, globalization and transnationalism".
A new country that has entered the (international)film industry in the Middle East is the United Arab Emirates(U.A.E.). Its first domestically produced  film Dream was released in 2005 and directed by Hani Al-Shibani. It takes place in the desert, where a group of actors is moving around. An increasing amount of film festivals are taking place in the U.A.E., such as the Middle East International Film Festival, the Dubai International Film Festival, the Emirates Film Competition, and the Gulf Film Festival. The financial base and infrastructure to support filmmaking now exist in the Emirates, as well as film training schools.

References
Pita Limjaroenrat (, , ; nicknamed Tim; born 5 September 1980) is a Thai politician and businessman. He is the leader of the Move Forward Party. From 2019 to 2023, he was a member of the House of Representatives.

Pita led the Move Forward Party into the 2023 general election.

Political career
Pita first joined as a member of the Future Forward Party (Thai:, RTGS: Phak Anakhot Mai). Pita initially joined as a member of the Future Forward Party (Thai:, RTGS: Phak Anakhot Mai). He accepted Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit's invitation to run in the 2019 Thai general election and was chosen as the fourth party-list representative for his party, winning a seat in the House of Representatives. He accepted Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit's invitation to run in the 2019 Thai general election and was elected as the fourth party-list representative for his party, earning a seat in the House of Representatives.
He outlined the "Five-Button Theory" in a speech he gave in the House of Representatives in July 2019. According to this theory, the government should concentrate on the following agricultural policies: land ownership, farmer indebtedness, cannabis usage, agro-tourism, and water resources. Interior Minister Anupong Paochinda appreciated his remarks despite the fact that he is a member of another party.

He was chosen as the new head of the Move Forward Party (Thai:, RTGS: Phak Kao Klai) two weeks after his party was liquidated. He joined 54 other former party members there and was subsequently elected on March 14, 2020.

Pita led the Move Forward Party during the general election of 2023. When his party won the most votes on May 15, he said that he was prepared to take office as prime minister and asked the Pheu Thai Party and several other minor parties to form a coalition government.

References

1980 births
Living people
Thai politicians
Thai businesspeople
Pita Limjaroenrat
Silver Wing  is a  care home in Tokyo.   

It is well known for using technology such as bed sensors, robotic walking aids, and interactive entertainment to reduce pressure on staff. Robotic aids are used to lift and move people to and from their beds.  

Steve Barclay visited it in May 2013.

References

Social care
Organizations based in Tokyo
"Cryin'" is the third single off of American rock band Aerosmith's eleventh studio album Get a Grip. The song was released on June 20, 1993.

The song was able to make it to #1 on the Mainstream Rock, #11 on the Mainstream Top 40, and #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. It was also certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). 

The song is about a relationship that goes from good to bad. Vocalist Steven Tyler said that he considered it a country song and the band just "Aerosmith’d it".
Music video
A music video for the song was released. It was directed by Marty Callner. During the video, it cuts back and forth to the band playing in a church and the story. In the story, a girl catches her boyfriend cheating on her in a movie theatre. Later, the couple a driving in a car. She breaks up with him, punches him in the face and kicks him out of the car. She is shown getting a tattoo and having sex with another man. Later, her car breaks down. She gets a naval piercing and eats at a diner. While eating, a man steals her backpack, she chases him down and kicks him. She considers commiting suicide by jumping off an overpass and her ex-boyfriend shows up to the scene. She jumps off and it's shown that she has a bungee jump rope tied to her waist. Her ex-boyfriend looks down to her and she gives him the middle finger.
The video features actors Alicia Silverstone as the girl, Stephen Dorff as the ex-boyfriend, and a then-unknown Josh Holloway as the backpack thief. It is the third Aerosmith music video that Silverstone has appeared in with her also being in "Amazing" and "Crazy".

It was the most requested video on MTV in 1993.

References

Other websites

1993 songs
Aerosmith songs
Hard rock songs
Gustave Marchegay, born on August 25, 1859 in Saint-Germain-de-Prinçay and died on June 19, 1932 in Bains-les-Bains, is a French architect, watercolourist and sculptor.

Biography
Emile Gustave Marchegay was born on August 25, 1859 in Saint-Germain-de-Prinçay, in Vendée. Admitted in 1881 to the École Polytechnique, he joins the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts from which he graduated in 1885.

Gustave Marchegay then becomes architect of the City of Paris, and will thus be an inspector at the facilities of the Great Exhibition of 1900. As an Engineer of Arts and Manufactures, he was named Knight of the Legion of Honor on August 14, 1900.

On behalf of his architectural firm, established rue de Tournon in Paris, he drew up the plans for the châteaux of Coupigny in Orbais-l'Abbaye, and La Bobinière ( Mouchamps, Vendée). We also owe him part of the Célestins barracks and the reconstruction of the buildings of the École alsacienne.
As Protestant, he planned the construction of a number of religious buildings in Île-de-France, such as the chapel in Ville-d'Avray.

From 1928, Gustave Marchegay exhibited at the Salon d'Automne . He quickly became known for his aquatic sculptures, drawing inspiration from the long hours he dedicated to his passion. : fishing . He dies on June 19, 1932 in Bains-les-Bains, and is buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery .

Private life
Gustave Marchegay married in 1885 the granddaughter of Désiré Nisard, writer member of the French Academy.

Posterity
Some of his sculptures are kept at the Musée d'Orsay, in Paris, as well as at the museums of La Roche-sur-Yon and of Mont-de-Marsan.

Other websites
 AGORHA
 Musée d'Orsay
 Bénézit
 MutualAr
 Dictionnaire des Vendéens  
 Base Léonore

References 

1859 births
1932 deaths
French architects
French sculptors
People from Vendée
Pismis 24-1 (also known as HD 319718) is the brightest star in the Pismis 24 open cluster in the NGC 6357 nebula. It is 6,500 light years away. It was thought to be the most massive star known: actually it is made of three stars. These are still some of the most luminous and most massive stars known.

References 

Stars
Eccleshall is a small town and civil parish in the county of Staffordshire in England. The town is seven miles from Stafford and six miles from Stone.

In 2022, it had a population of around 6,500 people.

Transport
Eccleshall is located on the A519 road that runs from Newcastle-under-Lyme and Newport. Junction 14 of the M6 motorway is only five miles south of the town.

The nearest railway station used to be Norton Bridge, three miles east of Eccleshall, but this station officially closed in 2017. The nearest railway stations now are at Stafford and Stone.

Places of interest
Eagle House is a Grade II listed building located in the town. Eccleshall Castle is also Grade II listed and is mentioned in the Domesday Book.

The Holy Trinity Church is said to date back to 1195.

Sport
The town has a semi-professional association football club called Eccleshall F.C. who play home games at Pershall Park in Pershall, a small village to the west of the town.
Twin towns
Eccleshall is twinned with Sancerre, a small medieval town in France.

Towns in Staffordshire
Civil parishes in Staffordshire
Colonel Louis Majou is a French politician  born in 1764 in Mouilleron-en-Pareds ( Vendée ) and died on February, 25 1832  in Sainte-Hermine .

Biography
Colonel Majou was born as Louis Jacques Luc Majou des Grois on November, 11 1764 in Mouilleron-en-Pareds, although his parents had resided in the nearby market town of La Couture. He was baptized as a Protestant the next day. His father was a landowner (lord of Pacaudières and Cars) and died early, leaving him an orphan at 17 years old.

We know only a few elements of his life before the Revolution. Inheriting some business in La Rochelle, he probably studied law in this city, where he certainly resided during his youth.

In 1792, Louis Majou was recognized enough in La Rochelle to be elected lieutenant of the free company. He took part as an infantryman in the siege of Toulon.
Career
Enlisted in the active army, Majou follows Bonaparte to Italy. In his Memoirs, Antoine Sérieys reports that the latter, then commander of the place of Legnague, was close to being summarily executed by peasants. The scene takes place on 25 germinal year V : Sent as an emissary by General Monleau, Majou negotiates with the authorities of a village located near Florence . An Italian aimed his gun at the officer, who was saved only by the intervention of the priest.

On November 30, 1799, Louis Majou was appointed battalion commander and assigned to the 11 light demi-brigade. During the Egyptian campaign, he befriended General Belliard, also from Vendée. Reformed in 1803, he was reinstated in the army with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and became aide-de-camp to Belliard in Spain . During the Russian campaign, he belonged to the cavalry staff. As such, he was made a legionary knight on the decision of Major-General Berthier de Wagram, in 1812.
Placed on half pay during the first Restoration, Majou was elected deputy of Charente-Maritime on March 11, 1815 for the period of the Hundred Days. He returns to his business in La Rochelle at the end of his mandate.

In April 1816, Colonel Majou took part in a subscription of officers in favor of King Louis XVIIl. He died on February 25, 1832 at La Barre in Sainte-Hermine.

External links
 « Louis Majou », dans Adolphe Robert et Gaston Cougny, Dictionnaire des parlementaires français, Edgar Bourloton, 1889-1891 [détail de l’édition]
 Journal du colonel Majou, Louis-Jacques-Luc Majou, publié par Gaston Duval, 1899, A. Fontemoing

References 

Politicians from Pays de la Loire
1764 births
1832 deaths
People from Vendée
Antoine-Dominique Bordes (1815-1883) was a French shipowner and business manager, founder of the shipping company that bears his name, long the largest in the world.

Career
Born on July 22, 1815 in the Gers ( France ) where his father was a doctor (from the faculty of Paris), he joined his older brother Antoine-Dominique at the age of 16, who ran a grain and flour trade in Bordeaux. Baptized Antoine Apollinaire, he takes the name of his brother in Chile for his business.

Antoine-Dominique Bordes left at the age of 18 on the Scythian to Latin America and arrived in Valparaíso ( Chile ). He then began to work as a shipping agent and to create a commercial entourage. In 1837 he founded a consignment house. In 1840, at the age of 25, he joined forces with Captain Ange-Casimir le Quellec to create a port trading company between Bordeaux and Valparaiso, which was transformed in 1847 into a maritime shipping company with headquarters in Bordeaux.
After the death of Le Quellec, the Bordes navigation company was created in 1868. Until the death of the founder, the company established itself on Boulevard Malesherbes in Paris and organized its traffic from the ports of Bordeaux, Nantes, Dunkirk, Le Havre . From the 1870s his ships also carried Chilean nitrate to Liverpool and Glasgow.

From February 1857 to July 1859, the Pereire brothers hired him to straighten out the helm of the Compagnie Générale Maritime . During this period, he was the extraordinary administrator-general. He then befriended Wulfran Puget, also a shipowner : his sons will baptize one of their boats in his name.

References

Related article 
Bordes Company

Bibliography
Bibliography 

 Marins Cap-Horniers du Nitrate (preface by Francis Roger), Books on Demand, 2014
 M. Barbance, Commercial Life of the Cape Horn Route in the XIX Century century . Armament A.-D. Bordes et fils, Editions of the School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences, January 1969, 
 " The epic of the great Cape Horners of Dunkirk », Dunkirk magazine, n 184, April 2008, 
 Henri Queffélec, These are sailboats that the wind carries away, the life of Antoine-Dominique Bordes, Presses de la Cité, 1984
 Robert Chevet, A Bordeaux deckchair, the adventure of Henri Bordes, Itarkeo editions, 2017
 Louis Lacroix, The Last French Cap-Horniers, Maritime and Overseas Editions, January 1, 1968

external links 
 Les plus beaux navires de la Cie Bordes 
 Navires de l'armement Bordes et Fils

 VIAF 
 ISNI 
 BnF (données) 
 LCCN 
 Pays-Bas 
 WorldCat  
Articles with authority control information
Alexandre Bordes (1860-1943) was a French shipowner and senior civil servant, member of the shipping company that bears his name.

Biography 
Alexandre Louis Barthélemy Bordes was born on December 7, 1860 in Valparaíso, Chile, where his father Antoine-Dominique was a shipowner. In 1878, he was associated with his brothers in the company, which was transformed in 1883 into the Ant. Dom. Bordes and sons, then MM. Bordes company. On the death of his older brother Adolphe, he headed the Compagnie française d'armament de d'importation de nitrate de soda, which succeeded the company MM. Bordes.

He became a member of the Superior Council of the Merchant Navy from 1919 to 1925 . As part of his services for National Defense, he was promoted to Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor in 1936 . Alexandre Bordes was chosen in 1936 to hold the position of Under-Secretary of State for the Merchant Navy ( Léon Blum 1 government).
He dies on September 9, 1943 in Paris, at the age of 59. Owner of the Nellcote villa, he is in particular the creator of his tropical park.

The award for the Sailing Club's cruise races in Villefranche-sur-Mer bears his name since 1928 : Alexandre Bordes Prize.

Notes and references

Bibliography 

 M. Barbance, Commercial Life of the Cape Horn Route in the XIX Century century . Armament A.-D. Bordes et fils, Editions of the School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences, January 1969,
 L'Épopée des grands cap-horniers dunkirk, Dunkirk magazine, no 184 ,avril 2008, 
 Henri Queffélec, These are sailboats that the wind carries away, the life of Antoine-Dominique Bordes, Presses de la Cité, 1984
 Geir Hørnes, The Curious Chronicles of Villa Nellcote, Litteraturdepartementet, Oslo, 2022

external links 
 VIAF
 base Léonore
 ISNI 
 BnF (données)

Articles with authority control information
In music, a minor chord is a combination of three different notes. For example, when using a piano, and you want to play the C minor chord (Cm, as minor chords are always denoted with a small 'm'), you must play C, followed by Eb, followed by G.

Musical terminology
Paper Mario: Color Splash is a 2016 action-adventure role-playing video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Wii U console. It is the fifth installment in the Paper Mario series, within the larger Mario franchise.

Mario video games
Mario roleplaying games
Wii U games
2016 video games
Single-player video games
Action-adventure games
The 1888 United States presidential election was the 26th election in the history of the United States. It occurred on November 6, 1888. This election was between Incumbent President Grover Cleveland of New York and former U.S Senator from Indiana and grandson of former President William Henry Harrison, Benjamin Harrison. Harrison won the election with 233 electoral votes, while Cleveland got only 168 electoral votes.

Candidates:

Republican Party:

Presidential:
Presidential: 

 Benjamin Harrison, former Senator from Indiana (1881-1887) (Nominee)
 John Sherman, Senator of Ohio (1861-1877; 1881-1897) 
 Russell A. Alger, former Governor of Michigan (1885-1887) 
 Walter Q. Gresham, Former Secretary of the Treasury from Indiana (1884) 
 William B. Allison, Senator of Iowa (1873-1904) (Withdrew after 7th Ballot)
 Chauncey Depew, President of the New York Central Railroad from New York (1885-1898) (Withdrew after 3rd Ballot)
 Jeremiah M. Rusk, Governor of Wisconsin (1882-1889) (Withdrew after 3rd Ballot)
 Edwin H. Fitler, Mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887-1891) (Withdrew after 1st Ballot)
 Joseph R. Hawley, Senator of Connecticut (1881-1905) (Withdrew after 1st Ballot)

Not nominated: