Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Artistry
Knowles has a three-and-a-half octave mezzo-soprano vocal range. Other sources state that she possesses a contralto vocal range at age of 30s. Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting". Jody Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced Knowles' unique rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto.

Other projects

Acting career
Her first role in a movie was for the musical Carmen: A Hip Hopera (2001). Her first major movie was Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002). The movie Dreamgirls (2006) was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards. Her other movies Cadillac Records (2008) and Obsessed (2009) did not do so well.

In 2019, she will star as Nala in the 2019 drama-live action remake The Lion King.

Fashion
In 2005, Knowles and her mother created a fashion line called House of Deréon.
In 2016, she also introduced a fitness-wear collection called Ivy Park.

Perfume
In 2010, she released her first perfume which she called Heat.

Model
In 2013, Knowles became H&M's new swimwear model since she gave birth to her daughter Blue Ivy just a year prior.

Endorsements
She became a spokesperson for L'Oréal, Pepsi, Tommy Hilfiger, Nintendo, and Vizio.

Ranking
In 2010, Knowles was ranked first on Forbes list of the "100 Most Powerful and Influential Musicians in the World", and second on its list of the "100 Most Powerful and Influential Celebrities in the World". In 2012, she was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People magazine.
Awards
Many of Knowles' recordings and movies were given many nominations, with many winning them. These include 24 Grammy Awards, 24 [MTV Video Music Awards], three [American Music Awards], a Billboard Millennium Award, and a star on the [Hollywood Walk of Fame] with Destiny's Child. In 2009, [Billboard (magazine)|Billboard] named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the 2000s decade. They also ranked her 4th for Artist of the Decade. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), named Knowles as the Top Certified Artist of the 2000s. In the US, she has sold over 17 million copies as of May 2014. She has sold more than 30.4 million digital singles as of January 2012. Worldwide, she has sold 245 million records. This makes her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Knowles appeared on [VH1]'s 2010 list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". They ranked her third on their "100 Greatest Women in Music" list in 2012.
Personal life
In 2001, Knowles began dating Jay-Z and on April 4, 2008, the couple married. On January 7, 2012, she gave birth to their first daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, via natural birth in Lennox Hill Hospital, New York.

Knowles is a feminist. In the February 2013 issue of GQ magazine she said, "You know, equality is a myth, and for some reason, everyone accepts the fact that women don’t make as much money as men do. I don’t understand that. Why do we have to take a backseat? I truly believe that women should be financially independent from their men. And let’s face it, money gives men the power to run the show. It gives men the power to define value. They define what’s sexy. And men define what’s feminine. It’s ridiculous."

Knowles joined the Ban Bossy campaign in 2014.

In December 2013, it was revealed that she and her husband Jay-Z were longtime vegans. She wrote the foreword to the book The 22-Day Revolution by trainer Marco Borges, which was released in April 2015.
On February 1, 2017, Knowles announced via Instagram that she was expecting twins. She gave birth to a daughter, Rumi and a son, Sir on June 13, 2017 via cesarean section.

Discography

 Dangerously in Love (2003): 20 million copies sold.
 B'Day (2006): 15 million copies sold.
 I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008): 19 million copies sold.
 4 (2011): 5 million copies sold.
 Beyoncé (2013) 11 million copies sold.
 Lemonade (2016) The audio CD/DVD set earned 653,000 total copies sold in the week ending April 28, 2016, according to Nielsen Music. Pure album sales comprised 485,000 of that sum.
 Renaissance (2022)

Filmography

Notes

References

Other websites

 Beyoncé  – official U.S. website
 
 
 
 Beyoncé Knowles at AllRovi
 Beyoncé – official Sound Cloud
1981 births
Living people
Actors from Houston
American feminists
American singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Texas
African American musicians
Brit Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Houston
Destiny's Child
American voice actors
American contemporary R&B singers
American R&B singers
American pop singers
American hip hop singers
American soul singers
American dance musicians
American trap musicians
American funk musicians
Listen is a song performed by American R&B singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles in the 2006 movie Dreamgirls. It was released as the first single from the film's soundtrack album on December 5, 2006 in the United States and on was released in the United Kingdom on February 19, 2007. The song can also be found as a hidden track on international editions of the singer's second solo studio album, B'Day (2006).

Track listing 
 International CD single:
 "Listen" 3:37
 "Irreplaceable" (DJ Speedy Remix) 4:17

Charts

Notes 

Beyoncé songs
2007 songs
True Star: A Private Performance is a two-track EP by American R&B singer Beyoncé. Produced by herself and Tommy Hilfiger, it was released exclusively in Austria in 2004 (see 2004 in music). Solely available with limited edition purchases of her fragrance by Hilfiger entitled True Star.

Track listing

References

2004 albums
Beyoncé albums
Hip hop albums
Hip hop soul albums
R&B albums
en:True Star (perfume)#True Star: A Private Performance
"Lose My Breath" is an R&B/dance-pop song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams, Rodney Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III, Sean Garrett, and Shawn "Jay-Z" Corey Carter for Destiny's Child's fifth and last studio album, Destiny Fulfilled (2004). It was produced by Knowles and Jerkins and released as the album's lead single in autumn 2004. The single was released with "Why You Actin'" as the b-side. The song reached number one in Belgium, China, India, Israel, Ireland, and Switzerland and entered the top ten on the majority of the charts it appeared on, making it one of Destiny's Child most successful single releases. The song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo Or Group.

Charts
Charts

Credits and personnel 
 Lead vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams
 Vocal production - Beyoncé Knwoles, Sean Garrett, Kelly Rowland
 Recorded by Jeff Villanueva, Jim Caruna at Sony Music Studios, NYC
 Audio mixing - Tony Maserati
 Mastered by Tom Coyne
 Introduction by Michigan Marching Band Drumline (http://mmb.music.umich.edu/sections/drumline/sounds/Cadence_Series_2k2.mp3 )

Formats and tracklistings 
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Lose My Breath".

 Maxi CD single
 "Lose My Breath" (Album Version)
 "Lose My Breath" (Maurice's Nu Soul Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Paul Johnson's Club Mix)
 "Why You Actin'"

 US CD single
 "Lose My Breath" (Album Version)
 "Game Over"

Official versions
Official versions 

 "Lose Me Breath" (Radio Mix)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Radio Mix 2)
 "Lose My Breath" (Instrumental)
 "Lose My Breath" (Acapella)
 "Lose My Breath" (Extended Mix)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Remix) (feat Khia & Chingy)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Remix) (feat Wise)
 "Lose My Breath" (Inhale...Breath Radio Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Exhale...Breath Club Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Burn The House Down Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Jones & Moss Main Radio Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Jones & Cabrera Vibelicious Bring Da House Edit)
"Lose My Breath" (UK DJ 12" Demo)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Hex Hector Mixshow Edit)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Mac Quayle Dream Club Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Maurice's Nu Soul Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Paul Johnson Club Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Peter Rauhofer Breathless Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Peter Rauhofer Breathless Dub)
 "Lose My Breath" (MGM Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Seamus Haji Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Joe Smooth Strings Of Life Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Junior Vasquez Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Riley York vs Chris Cox Drum Revenge Mix)

References

Destiny's Child songs
2004 songs
The discography of the R&B group Destiny's Child.
Destiny' s Child has sold in total 75 million worldwide including albums, video albums and singles; its leader Beyoncé as a solo and featured artist has sold the same million of copies; its co-leader Kelly Rowland has sold as a solo and featured artis 20 albums and single's million worldwide.
In total Destiny's Child and its leader and co-leader has sold 170 million worldwide.

CD

DVD

Single

Videos

Related pages
 Beyoncé Knowles discography

Discographies of American artists
Discography
The 1983 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1983 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1983 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1983. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

This season, there were a record-setting 21 named storms this year. Of those storms, twelve became hurricanes. Eight hurricanes reached Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. No named storms formed in the central Pacific; however, there were two tropical depressions. A strong El Niño contributed to this level of activity. That same El Niño influenced a relatively quiet season in the Atlantic.

The most notable storms were hurricane Tico, Tropical Storm Octave, and Hurricane Winnie. Hurricane Tico left thousands homeless in Mazatlan; Tropical Storm Octave killed several people in one of Arizona's worst disasters; and Hurricane Winnie was a rare December cyclone.
Other websites
 Unisys Weather archive for the Eastern Pacific, 1983
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
1980s in weather
The 1972 Pacific hurricane season began on May 15, 1972 in the east Pacific, and on June 1, 1972 in the central Pacific. It ended on November 30, 1972. These dates conventionally delimit the period of time when tropical cyclones form in the east Pacific Ocean.

This season had a below average number of storms. There were twelve tropical cyclones. Of those, four were tropical storms, eight were hurricanes, and four were major hurricanes that reached Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. In the central Pacific, two tropical storms and two tropical depressions formed. One of the depressions and one of the storms crossed the dateline to become typhoons.

Other websites
 Unisys Storm Tracks
 CPHC Archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
1970s in weather
The 1970 Pacific hurricane season began on May 15, 1970 in the east Pacific, and on June 1, 1970 in the central Pacific. It ended on November 30, 1970. These dates conventionally delimit the period of time when tropical cyclones form in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

This season had an above average number of storms. There were twenty-one tropical cyclones, of which eighteen reached tropical storm strength. Four storms became hurricanes, of which none reached major hurricane strength. In the central Pacific, one hurricane and one tropical depression formed. One of the depressions crossed the dateline to become a typhoon.

Other websites
 Unisys Storm Tracks
 CPHC Archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
1970 in North America
1970s in weather
The 1977 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1977 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1977 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1977. These dates start and end the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The season was very inactive.
 
This season had a record low level of activity. Only eight tropical storms formed, and four hurricanes. No major hurricanes formed. The next time this happened was during the 2003 season. Also, there was just one cyclogenesis in each of May, June, July, August, and October, which is also low. Activity in the central Pacific was zero, as no storms formed there nor moved in from the east. Strangely enough it was also not very active in the Eastern Pacific or the Atlantic.

Other websites
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive
 Unisys Storm Archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
1970s in weather
The season officially started on May 15, 2003 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 2003 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 2003. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw 16 tropical storms form, which is about average. However, this season was the first Pacific hurricane season since 1977 to have no systems become major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

Storms

Hurricane Marty

Marty killed 12 and destroyed 4,000 homes in Baja California.

Hurricane Nora

Hurricane Nora was the strongest hurricane in the eastern Pacific Ocean in 2003.
Other Storms
Tropical Storm Andres
Tropical Storm Blanca
Tropical Storm Carlos
Tropical Storm Dolores
Tropical Storm Enrique
Tropical Storm Felicia
Tropical Storm Guillermo
Tropical Storm Hilda
Tropical Depression One-C
Hurricane Ignacio
Hurricane Jimena
Tropical Storm Kevin
Hurricane Linda
Hurricane Olaf
Hurricane Patricia

Other websites
 NHC 2003 Pacific hurricane season archive
 HPC 2003 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Pages
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center 2003 season summary
 Mariners Weather Log: Summary of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
The 1989 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1989 in the Eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1989 in the Central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1989. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

Notable storms include Hurricanes Cosme, Kiko, and Raymond. Cosme crossed over Mexico and contributed to the formation of Tropical Storm Allison in the Atlantic. Hurricane Kiko made landfall on the Gulf of California side of the Baja California peninsula. Hurricane Raymond was the strongest storm of the season, but weakened significantly before landfall.

Other websites
 NHC 1989 Pacific hurricane season archive
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
1980s in weather
The 1995 Pacific hurricane season was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1979. Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season being Hurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico. The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette, which reached peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h).

The season officially started on May 15, 1995 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1995 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1995. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw eleven tropical cyclones form, of which ten became tropical storms. Seven storms attained hurricane status, of which three acquired major hurricane status. The number of tropical storms was much less than the average of 16 storms, while the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes were slightly below average.

References
References

Other websites
 NHC 1995 Pacific hurricane season archive
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

 
Natural disasters in North America
Pacific hurricane seasons
The 1992 Pacific hurricane season was the most active Pacific season on record. The most notable storm was Hurricane Iniki, which caused billions of dollars of damage to the Hawaiian Islands. Hurricanes Lester, Virgil, Winifred, and Orlene also made landfall and killed several people, but were significantly less destructive. Hurricane Darby and Tropical Storm Agatha brought rains and more destruction to Mexico, without making landfall. Also of note are Hurricane Ekeka and Tropical Storm Hali, which formed in late January and March, respectively.

Other websites
 NHC 1992 Pacific hurricane season archive
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
1990s in weather
The Santa Cruz River is a river in southern Arizona, United States, and northern Sonora, Mexico. The Santa Cruz has its headwaters in the high intermontane grasslands of the San Rafael Valley to the east of Patagonia between the Canelo Hills to the east and the Patagonia Mountains to the west. It flows southward into Mexico and turns westward, and reenters the United States just to the east of Nogales. It then continues northward from the International border at Nogales past the Tumacacori National Historical Park, Tubac, Green Valley, Sahuarita, San Xavier del Bac, and Tucson to the Santa Cruz Flats just to the south of Casa Grande and the Gila River.

Other websites 
 Santa Cruz River Project
 San Rafael Ranch Natural Area and state park 

Rivers of Mexico
Rivers of Arizona
Sonora
The River Artibonite (; ) is a river in the island of Hispaniola. It is 321 km long (68 km in the Dominican Republic, 253 km in Haiti), the longest of the island and of Haiti.

Name
The Taíno name of the river was Hatibonico. Peter Martyr d'Anghiera wrote that the name was Attiboni or Attibonicus. Some people said that the name was Guayajayuco but it is another river, tributary of the Artibonite.

Course
The source of the Artibonite is to the northeast of Río Limpio, in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. The mouth of the Artibonite is in Haiti, south of La Grand Saline, at about . It flows into the Gulf of Gonâve.

The river is the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti for several kilometres, from the town of Pedro Santana to the point where it is joined by the River Macasías, and then turns west into Haiti.
Its watershed has an area of 9,013 km2 (2,614 km2 in the Dominican Republic, the rest in Haiti). Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 16.6 cubic metres per second at Pedro Santana.

Tributaries
The most important tributaries are the rivers Libón, Macasías and Joca, all of them in the Dominican Republic. The Libón River is the only important tributary that flows into the right side of the Artibonite.

Environment
Deforestation has affected in a bad way the quality and amount of water in the River Artibonite in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. There are not many fishes; only tilapias are caught. There were American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in the River Artibonite and in other rivers of the Hispaniola, but now they are found only in the big lakes of the island.
Uses
The water of the river is used for irrigation in Haiti but not in the Dominican Republic because it flows here through high mountains. The Peligre Hydroelectric Dam was built on the Arbitonite; it produces electricity for Haiti.

References

Rivers of the Dominican Republic
Geography of Haiti
Jens Johnnie "Little Evil" Pulver (born December 6, 1974 in Sunnyside, Washington) is an American mixed martial artist (MMA). He was the first  Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) lightweight champion, and was a coach on The Ultimate Fighter 5 reality show, which aired on Spike TV. He is currently signed as a featherweight with World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC), which is owned by Zuffa (the parent company of the UFC).

Other websites
Jens Pulver official website 
Video Interview about The Ultimate Fighter 5 
May 2007 interview

American mixed martial artists
1974 births
Living people
A Video CD or VCD is a CD that contains a movie instead of music or a computer program. It is the "little brother" of the DVD.

Since a DVD can store ten times as much information as a VCD, the quality of a VCD is not as high as that of a DVD, but it is ten times cheaper to make. The quality of the picture is about as good as an analog television with a simple antenna, or a VHS tape.

History 
VCD's were invented by Philips and Sony just like the CD, but then never became very popular in the Western world, which switched from VHS tapes directly to the DVD. However, in Asia and in other developing countries the VCD is popular, since a DVD player is also much more expensive than a VCD player, but not Australia.
Uses 
A VCD movie is stored in the popular MPEG (.MPG) format, that is also often used to download movies from the internet. But if a VCD disk is put in a computer, there is a file with a .MPG after the name, and many other files. This is because the movie is actually in a file (or files) that has .DAT after the name. This file can be played with Windows Media Player (or any other player that can play a .MPG movie), one does not need special software because the file is actually just a .MPG movie with a .DAT end of the name instead of .MPG. There are also many programs that can play a VCD on a PC.

References 

Compact Disc
Video Discs
The Boston Red Sox are an American baseball team from Boston, Massachusetts that play in Major League Baseball. They have nine World Series championships, most recently in 2018. The Red Sox are a member of Major League Baseball's American League East Division and of the American League itself. The Red Sox have played at Fenway Park since 1912

One of the American League's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Boston in 1901. They had no real nickname, but were often called the Boston Americans because they played in the American League. Their first home field was the Huntington Avenue Grounds. They met the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first modern World Series, and defeated the Pirates in an upset.

In 1907, the Boston National League team stopped using red as their team color. The Americans team color had been blue. The next year, 1908, the Americans adopted red as their color, and officially became the Boston Red Sox.
In 1918, the team won its fifth World Series, and then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history. The Red Sox won the World Series in 1903, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1918, 2004, 2007, 2013, and 2018; they won the pennant, but lost the World Series in 1946, 1967, 1975, and 1986.

The Curse of the Bambino

Many thought their championship drought between 1918 and 2004 was caused by the "Curse of the Bambino", said to have been caused by the trade of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees in 1920. The drought was ended, and the "curse" reversed in 2004, when the team won their sixth World Series Championship. 

To get to the 2004 World Series, they beat the Yankees in the 2004 American League Championship Series; they lost the first three games to the Yankees, but then, facing elimination, they won the next four games and thereby won the ALCS. That was, and still is, the first and only time an MLB team has won a seven-game playoff series after losing the first three games.
After the ALCS, the Red Sox swept the St. Louis Cardinals to win their first World Series since 1918 (86 years) in 2004.

Other facts

They share a large and very famous rivalry with the New York Yankees. They also share a notably smaller rivalry with the Tampa Bay Rays because of the 2008 American League Championship Series and because of various on-field fights and disputes.

References

Other websites 

 "Official" Red Sox Nation Website
 The Remy Report  Jerry Remy's Sox Page
 Boston Red Sox official website 

 
1901 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Massachusetts
Green Light: Freemasons EP is a remix EP by female R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles. It was released on July 27, 2007, online as a digital download.

Track listing
"Green Light" (Freemasons Remix) (Beyoncé, Pharrell Williams, Sean Garrett) – 3:21
"Beautiful Liar (Freemasons Club Remix)" (featuring Shakira) (Beyoncé, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Amanda Ghost, Ian Dench) – 7:33
"Déjà Vu (Freemasons Radio Mix)" (featuring Jay-Z) (Beyoncé, Rodney Jerkins, Delisha Thomas, Makeba, Keli Nicole Price, Jay-Z) – 3:17
"Ring the Alarm (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit)" (Beyoncé, Kasseem "Swizz Beatz" Dean, Sean Garrett) – 3:28

References

Beyoncé albums
Irreemplazable is a Spanish and Spanglish EP by female R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles. It was released on August 28, 2007 in US.  At the same time, a CD/DVD combo was released exclusively at Wal-mart. The DVD features behind the scenes documentary entitled La Evolucion Latina de Beyoncé (The Latin Evolution of Beyoncé) as well as the music video for Beyoncé's "Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland remix) featuring Voltio.

Contents

EP 
 "Amor Gitano"  (featuring  Alejandro Fernández) 3:47
 "Oye" ("Listen" Spanish Version) 3:40
 "Irreemplazable" ("Irreplaceable" Spanish version) 3:47
 "Bello Embustero" ("Beautiful Liar" Spanish Version) 3:20
 "Beautiful Liar" (Remix featuring Shakira) 3:01
 "Beautiful Liar" (Spanglish Version featuring Sasha a.k.a. Beyoncé) 3:19
 "Irreemplazable" (Nortena Remix) 3:52
 "Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland Remix featuring Voltio) 6:12
DVD 
Behind The Scenes Footage
Beyoncé en Español:
"La Evolución Latina de Beyoncé" (Beyoncé's Latin Evolution)
Music Video
"Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland Remix) featuring Voltio

References 

Beyoncé albums
2007 albums
Latin pop albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Ring the Alarm is an R&B song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kasseem "Swizz Beatz" Dean, and Sean Garrett for Knowles' second solo album B’Day (2006). Co-produced by Knowles, and Swizz Beatz, the song premiered on August 8, 2006 to radio outlets in the United States and eventually debuted at number twelve on the Billboard Hot 100, making the single her highest entry on the official American singles chart and the second highest debut of 2006 behind only Taylor Hicks's "Do I Make You Proud". It previously debuted at Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles at number seventeen.

Formats and track listing 
These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "Ring the Alarm".
CD Maxi single
 "Ring the Alarm" (Karmatronic remix)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Migtight remix)
 "Ring the Alarm" (The Tranzformas remix, featuring Collie Buddz)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Jazze Pha remix)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Grizz remix)
CD Single
 "Ring the Alarm" (Album version)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Instrumental)

Charts

References
References 

Beyoncé songs
2006 songs
'03 Bonnie & Clyde is a single by rapper Jay-Z, featuring American singer and songwriter Beyoncé. It was taken from his ninth studio album The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse (2002) and can also be found on the international editions of Beyoncé's first solo album Dangerously in Love. Released in 2002, the song reached number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It was Jay-Z's second top ten single and Beyoncé's first top ten single as a solo artist. It also reached number two in the United Kingdom. The single is notable for causing drama between Jay-Z and Toni Braxton over what she said was a stolen sample. Jay-Z had to work with Suge Knight to secure the rights to cover this song from Tupac Shakur, because he made the original version of the song, which was called "Me and My Girlfriend". "Me and My Girlfriend" was on his 1996 classic The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. Jay-Z also referenced this in his song "All I Need" from The Blueprint.
Music video 
The music video for the song, which was directed by Chris Robinson, was nominated for "Best Hip-Hop Video" at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. However, it lost to Missy Elliott's "Work It." The name of the song is a reference to Eminem's song "'97 Bonnie and Clyde". 

There is a changed version of it called "Bonnie & Clyde '03" which has many of Beyoncé's vocals rather than Jay-Z's. It is included in her "Dangerously In Love" CD.

Official versions 
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" (Clean version for the radio)
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" (Instrumental)
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" (Radio E)

References 

2002 songs
Beyoncé songs
Jay-Z songs
Hip hop songs
Rap songs
R&B songs
One Night Only is a song from the 1981 Broadway musical Dreamgirls, with lyrics by Tom Eyen and music by Henry Krieger. In the context of the musical, "One Night Only" is performed twice in succession, as differing versions of the song - a soul ballad by the character Effie White and a disco version by her former bandmates Deena Jones & the Dreams - compete on the radio and the pop charts.

Song information
Both versions of "One Night Only" appear as one track on the original 1982 Dreamgirls Broadway cast album, performed by Jennifer Holliday as Effie and Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, and Deborah Burrell as Deena Jones & the Dreams. "One Night Only" was later covered on album by Elaine Page and Sylvester. Actor Hugh Jackman performed the song while hosting the 2004 Tony Awards ceremony, in a large production number featuring girl groups from the musicals Caroline, or Change, Hairspray, and Little Shop of Horrors.
Single versions
Releases of the single featured the different versions of the 2006 song.
One Night Only (Eric Kupper & Richie Jones Club Mix - Edit) 
One Night Only (Eric Kupper & Richie Jones Club Mix) 
One Night Only (Eric Kupper & Richie Jones Club Mix - Instrumental) 
One Night Only (Film Version) 
One Night Only (Film Version - Instrumental)

Beyoncé songs
2006 songs
Knowles re-recorded the song for her debut solo album, Dangerously in Love (2003), under the title "Dangerously in Love 2". Featuring a modified arrangement and background vocals by Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, Knowles's version received a generally positive response from music critics. In the U.S. the song went for radio airplay only and was never released as a single in other countries. No music video exists for the song, though the performance on her DVD Live at Wembley was shown frequently on BET.

Knowles frequently performed the song live — often as a prelude to "Crazy in Love" or her live cover of the Jill Scott song "He Loves Me". She performed "Dangerously in Love 2" at the 2004 Grammy Awards, where it won in the category of "Best Female R&B Vocal Performance".

Other versions of the Knowles solo version of the song include an a cappella, an instrumental and the Svella remix.

Charts 

Beyoncé songs
2003 songs
Green Light is an R&B/funk song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Sean Garrett, and Pharrell Williams for Knowles' second solo studio album, B'Day (2006). Co-produced by Pharrell and Beyoncé, it was released as fifth UK single on July 30 2007. The Freemasons remix of "Green Light" was on the BBC Radio 1 A-list by July 18 2007.
Chart performance 
With the album version of the song being available digitally as soon as the album was released, it debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 152 after the video aired in July 2007. The album version peaked at number seventy-seven one week before the Freemasons remix became available. Because of heavy radio airplay of the Freemasons remix, as soon as it was available, the song climbed sixty places to number seventeen the following week, and then to number twelve, giving Knowles her eleventh top twenty hit in the UK. "Green Light" became Knowles's highest charting single on downloads alone on the UK Singles Chart without a prominent featured artist. The UK commercial CD single was cancelled at the last minute.

The album version was released in the Netherlands where it debuted on the Dutch Singles Chart at number 30.

References 

Beyoncé songs
2007 songs
Suga Mama is a song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Rich Harrison, and Makeba, and produced by Knowles and Harrison for Knowles' second solo album, B'Day (2006). It features a sample of Jake Wade and the Soul Searchers' song "Searching for Soul", which was written by Chuck Middleton. The music video for the song was released on television in the United Kingdom in April 2007.
Music video and other promotion 
The "Suga Mama" music video was released to UK music channels in April 2007. It is black-and-white and was co-directed by Melina and Knowles for the B'Day Anthology Video Album, which was released the same month; it was one of eight videos shot in two weeks for the album. It begins with Knowles sitting in a chair, wearing men's clothing and smoking a cigar. She gets up and begins to pole dance. The remainder of the video presents Knowles dancing on top of a sugar cube, dancing with backing dancers whose faces are partially concealed, lying in a circle of light and riding a mechanical bull. Knowles said she is meant to "slowly become a woman" during the video, adding "Well, a sexier woman — I'm always a woman."
Knowles rehearsed the pole dancing using two ballet bars, which was when it was decided to add a pole above her head to form an arc. Though Knowles is from Texas, she had never previously been on mechanical bull. There were no problems during warm-ups, but the man operating the bull during the video shoot programmed it to go faster, causing Knowles to fall off when she tried to perform tricks such as lifting up her foot, leaning back and turning around. To minimise the time Knowles spent on the bull, the director shot the sequence at twelve frames per second (see frame rate) and Knowles sang twice as quickly, but it was not until 4:00 a.m. that they completed work.

"Suga Mama" was included on the set list of Knowles's 2007 tour, The Beyoncé Experience, and The Tennessean wrote that the song "was even sexier and more gutbucket than on record". A remix of the song features rapper Consequence.

References 

2007 songs
Beyoncé songs
Funk songs
R&B songs
"I Got That" is a single by rapper Amil featuring Beyoncé Knowles of Destiny's Child. It was the first single by Beyoncé and also it is currently the last solo single by Amil. Eve makes a cameo appearance in the video.

CD single 
 "I Got That (Radio Edit)" (Whitehead, A./Barnes, Samuel/Lewis, LeShan/Smith, Tamy/Carter, Shawn/Olivier, Jean Claude "Poke"/Davis, Makeda) – 3:21
 "I Got That (Instrumental)" – 3:19

Beyoncé songs
2000 songs
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" is a song recorded by Destiny's Child. It was the fourth and final single from the group's second album, The Writing's on the Wall. The single achieved success in various charts.

Byron Rittenhouse's voice is on the song saying "Uh huh, I ain't worried 'bout my girl a'ight" in response to Beyonce's line "I ain't thinking 'bout my man tonight".
Formats and remixes 
Two official urban remixes for this song exist. One, known as the Nitro remix features rapper Nitro, while the other is known as the So So Def Remix with Lil' Bow Wow, Da Brat and Jermaine Dupri. A video was filmed for the So So Def Remix later. Also, appearing as a second half of the So So Def Remix on the This Is the Remix (Destiny's Child album), Azza's Remix of Jumpin', Jumpin'. This version was a newly recorded version with slower singing and Kelly doing lead on chorus and high notes during break, and one of few remix songs from Writing's On The Wall that Farrah Franklin and Michelle are singing; the other being the WMBA version of the song.
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (A Capella)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Instrumental)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Azza's Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Digital Black 'N Groove Club Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Hammerhouse Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Maurice's Radio Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Maurice's Jumpin' Retro Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Mike Moore Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Nitro Remix) (feat Mr Nitro)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Disney Party Remix) (feat Solange)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (So So Def Remix) (feat Lil' Bow Wow, Jermaine Dupri & Da Brat)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (So Far So Def Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (So So Dub)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Jameson Drum & Bass Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (WNBA Version)

Destiny's Child songs
2000 songs
Beyoncé The Ultimate Performer is a DVD by R&B artist Beyoncé Knowles. It was released in the US on November 24, 2006. It features some of her exclusive footages in France, Japan, United Kingdom, New York among other places during her worldwide tour, the makings and music video.

Tracklisting
Footage
Making of Ring the Alarm
Ring the Alarm – Music Video

References

Beyoncé albums
Fighting Temptation is a single released by R&B singer Beyoncé and female rappers Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free in 2003 to promote the film The Fighting Temptations, in which Beyoncé has a part. The song is part of the official soundtrack.

As it was released just one month after the second single from Beyoncé's Dangerously in Love, "Baby Boy", the song did not become a big hit and failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100 and other important U.S. charts. However, the single received some attention from European countries, eventually peaking at number thirteen in the Netherlands. The film was also an instant success, mainly due to Beyoncé's success in Europe at that time.

Track listing 
"Fighting Temptation" (Album Version)
Destiny's Child – "I Know" (Album Version)

Other versions
"Fighting Temptation" (Acapella)
"Fighting Temptation" (Instrumental)
"Fighting Temptation" (Radio Edit)

Beyoncé songs
Missy Elliott songs
2003 songs
Slaithwaite is a large village in the Colne Valley in Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is placed alongside the Colne River.

Age Distribution

Slaithwaite has a younger mean population than the rest of England, with a mean age of 38.4, compared to a mean of 39.3 in the rest of England.

Villages in West Yorkshire
The Bundesverfassungsgericht is the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. It does not hear ordinary criminal cases. Instead it deals with matters that affect the Constitution of Germany.

The Court is in Karlsruhe. This was to show it was separate from the federal government, first based in Bonn, and other federal bodies such as the German intelligence (BND) based in Munich.

Competence 
Federal law helps to describe what the court can do, and how it works. Article 20.3 of the Grundgesetz says that each the three branches of the government – the parliament, the ministers and the courts – can only do what the constitution allows. The court can decide that acts of all three branches are not allowed by the constitution and prevent them from happening.
There are different reasons the court may find something unconstitutional:
 Formal violations (breaking the rules)
 Doing something not allowed by the constitution
 Not properly doing something allowed "violating procedures"
 Material conflicts (ignoring one part of the constitution)
 Doing something which is allowed, but ignoring a different part of the constitution, such as ignoring the civil rights guaranteed in the Grundgesetz. For example, the federal government must protect the security of Germany and its citizens. To do this it gave the air force the power to shoot down hijacked aircraft. The Bundesverfassungsgericht stopped the law because the right to life was more important.

Decisions of the court on material conflicts are applied through a federal law by the Federal Constitutional Court Act (BVerfGG).
The court only hear certain cases:
 Constitutional Complaint ()
 Anyone can complain to the court that their constitutional rights were violated. They have been some of the most important decisions the court has made. Some important laws have been overturned, especially about taxes.
 Abstract Regulation Control
 Some other government bodies, for example the Bundesländer, can ask the court to declare any federal law unconstitutional. The laws legalizing abortion were twice declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court.
 Concrete Regulation Control
 Any ordinary court considering a case can stop the case and ask the Federal Constitutional Court if the law is constitutional. If it is then the ordinary court can carry on hearing the case.
 Federal Dispute
 Federal bodies, including members of the Bundestag, may bring disputes over powers and procedures before the court.
 State-Federal Dispute
The Länder can ask the court to decide if they or the federal government have the right to do something, or if something is being done in the right way.
 Investigation Committee Control
 The Bundestag's Committees of investigation, individual members of the Bundestag, or the federal government can ask the court to decide on the committee's powers and procedures.
 Federal Election Scrutiny
 Any government body or involved voter can ask the court to investigate if a federal election was properly run.
 Impeachment Procedure
 If the Bundestag, the Bundesrat or the federal government think that the President or a judge or member of one of the Federal Supreme Courts has broken the constitution or a federal law, the Bundesverfassungsgericht decides if they should be removed from office.
 Prohibit a political party
Only the Constitutional Court has the power to ban a political party. This has only happened twice, both times in the 1950s: the Sozialistische Reichspartei (SRP), was a neo-nazi party. It was banned in 1952. The Communist Party of Germany (KPD) was banned in 1956. In 2003 the third case to ban a party failed. The court found out that many of the officials of the extreme right-wing National Democratic Party (NPD) were actually controlled by the German secret services. The court decided not to carry on hearing the case.
Organization 
The court has 16 judges. They are divided into two groups, called senates, of eight judges. The chairman of one senate is also the President of the Court ("Chief Justice"). The chairman of the other senate is the vice president. Most cases are heard by a "chamber" which is three members of one senate. All three judges of the chamber must agree on a decision. A chamber has to use precedent (past rulings). If a chamber thinks a precedent should be changed they have to let the case be decided by the Senate as a whole. Similarly, if a Senate thinks a precedent set by the other Senate should be changed precedent of the must ask the "Plenum" (a meeting of all 16 judges).

Decisions by a Senate need an absolute majority of 5 votes (in some cases a two-thirds majority is required, that is, 6 out of 8 votes). The BVerfGG decides which type of cases a senate hears.
Election of judges 
Four judges of each senate are elected by the Bundestag. The others are elected by the Bundesrat. Choosing a judge needs a two-thirds majority.

The judges have a 12-year term, but they must retire when reaching the age of 68. A judge must be at least 40 years old and must be a well-trained jurist. Three out of eight members of each Senate must have been a judge of a Federal Supreme Court. Of the other five members of each Senate, most judges have been a professor of law at a university, a public servant or a lawyer.

At the end of their term, most judges retire from public life. One notable exception was Roman Herzog, who was elected Federal President in 1994, shortly before the end of his term as President of the Court.

References

Other websites 
 www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de, the Court's website
 Federal Constitutional Court Act (BVerfGG) in German
 Federal Constitutional Court Act (BVerfGG) in English

Karlsruhe
The Kaaba is a large cuboid-shaped building inside the mosque known as al-Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Muslims believe that the Kaaba was built by the command of Allah. The Kaaba’s original architecture has remained the same for centuries.

History

Before Prophet Muhammad 
According to Islamic sources, the Kaaba was a place of worship for angels before the creation of men. After the creation of Adam, the Kaaba was built by him. According to Qur'an, it is the first house on Earth. 

    The Kaaba was buried under the sand by the Noah's flood. After a period of time, it was rebuilt by Prophet Abraham and his son, Prophet Ishmael.The Kaaba was a place of monotheism for centuries. Then Amr bin Luhayy brought an idol to the Kaaba. After that, the Kaaba became a place of pagan belief.

After Prophet Muhammad 
  The Kaaba began to be managed by Muslims in 630 AD. Prophet Muhammad removed the idols. Also, the Kaaba was cleaned with sacred water (Zamzam) under his guidance.
The general architecture of the Kaaba remained the same until 1630 because people wanted to keep the original architecture. Only simple repairs and small decorations were made during this long period of time. In 1630, three walls of the Kaaba were heavily damaged by a storm. Then, it was restored by Murad IV, 17th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Kaaba has remained the same after this renovation.

Religious Significance 
The Kaaba is the holiest place in Islam.  Muslims believe that the Kaaba is the House of God (Baitullah). Prophet Mohammed said the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) is one of the three most important mosques on the Earth. 

Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (hajj) once in a lifetime to the Kaaba. As it is the most holy place in Islam, all Muslims pray towards this when they perform the five fardh (necessary acts mentioned in the Qur'an) Salat or prayer. At the end of Hajj season, there is a holiday called Eid al-Adha (English: Festival of Sacrifice).

Appearance
Appearance

Architecture 
The Kaaba is a rectangular shaped building. It is 12 m long, 10 m wide, and 15 m high (33 feet x 50 feet x 45 feet).The Kaaba is made of blue-gray granite.

Inside the Kaaba, there are three pillars to support the roof. The floor is made of marble and the ceiling is covered with cloth. Gold and glass decorations are hanging between the pillars.
The Black Stone is an egg-shaped black stone with red and yellow marks.
 The door is 2.13 m above the ground and made of pure gold. The Key has been held by the Shaiba family for 1400 years
 A rainwater pipe was added to protect the roof from the damage of accumulated rainwater.
 It is called al-Shadrawan, and it was added to protect the foundation of the Kaaba from the water.
 Hatim is a low wall. It is included as a part of the Kaaba’s sacred area. Muslims believe the place between the Kaaba and Hatim is the burial, area of Ishmael and Hajar.
 Al-Multezem, the part of the wall between the door and the Black Stone
 Station of Abraham, a glass and metal covering for Prophet Abraham’s footprint.
 Corner of Black Stone (East)
 Corner of Yemen (South-West)
 Corner of Syria (North-West)
 Corner of Iraq (North-East)
 Cover (Kiswah)
 The marble line helps pilgrims to count their walks around the Kaaba (Tawaf).
 The Station of Gabriel
Cover (Kiswah) 
The Kaaba was first covered by Abu Karab As’ad, in 60 BC approximately. The cover was made of valuable materials, as a symbol of his respect for the Kaaba. After that, the Kaaba has been covered with the most valuable materials, following the tradition of showing respect.

The covers are produced by a factory every year, the factory was established only to produce the cover in 1927. The cover is replaced every year on the eve of Eid Al-Adha by 160 technicians.

The Kaaba’s cover contains Qur'anic verses. It is made of 450kgs of pure silk, and it includes hundreds of pounds of precious metals, 670 kgs of silver dyed black, about 120 kgs of pure gold and 50 kgs of silver. The cost of the cover is USD 4,534,325. The size of the cover is 658 square metres.

References

Buildings and structures in Saudi Arabia
Mecca

Religion in Saudi Arabia
The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic rules in Islam that all Muslims must follow.

The Five Pillars consist of :
 Shahadah . The shahadah means there is no other god except Allah(one God) and Prophet Muhammad is the messenger/prophet of Allah. The shahadah can be recited when a person chooses to revert to Islam as the words in the shahadah are the key fundamental beliefs in Islam.
 Prayer (Salat) - Praying five times a day, kneeling towards Mecca.  There are specific religious movements and prayers that are said.
 Fasting during the month of Ramadan (Sawm) - Islamic Fasting is not eating or drinking beverages when the sun is out, only when the moon is out.
 Charity or alms-giving (zakat) - Each year a Muslim must give money to charity (Usually 2.5% of their savings). If a person does not have much money, they can give services to others instead.
 Hajj - Pilgrimage(journey) to Mecca (a desert city in Asia.)

Sources

Islamic law
Religious ethics
EUX.TV, or the Europe channel, is an independent digital television station from Brussels that talks about European matters.

Other websites 
http://eux.tv/

Television stations
Awadhi is an Indo-Aryan language. This language was spoken in a wide area including Lucknow and Ayoudhya (Awadh) earlier. Goswami Tulasidas wrote Ramcharitmanas, Geetavali, Kavitavali, and all his Shri Ram poems in this language.

Hindi is a much newer language mostly based on Awadhi and Braj Bhasha.

References

Other websites

Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of India