Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Mudhal Mariyadhai is a 1985 Tamil feature movie directed by P. Bharathiraja. It starred Sivaji Ganesan and Radha in the lead with Vadivukkarasi, Ranjani, Aruna Mucherla, A. K. Veerasamy and Sathyaraj playing other significant roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

The film was critically well received upon release. It fetched Best Lyricist Award and Best Feature Film in Tamil Award for Vairamuthu and Bharathiraja  respectively at the 33rd National Film Awards. While the lead actors won their respective Filmfare Awards South in Best Tamil Actor and Best Tamil Actress category.

Kuyil role was first offered to Radhika, but she choose to do Swati Mutyam, which was offered to her at the same time.

The film was dubbed into Telugu under the title Aatma Bandhuvu. It is the last silver jubliee blockbuster of Sivaji as lead role.
Plot
The film commences with friends and family of an ailing village head, Malaichami (Sivaji Ganesan), gathered around him on his death bed. The plot then moves along in a series of flashbacks, featuring significant episodes of the dying man's life. These include the presence of a boatman's young daughter Kuyil (Radha) in his village. The protagonist is unhappily married to a bad or tempered wife by the name of Ponnatha (Vadivukkarasi), and seeks comfort in a friendship with Kuyil. The friendship raises eyebrows, and is socially awkward and complicated for both Malaichami and Kuyil.

Cast
 Sivaji Ganesan as Malaichami
 Radha as Kuyil (Voice-over by Raadhika Sarathkumar)
 Vadivukkarasi as Ponnatha
 Dipan as Sellakannu
 Ranjani as Sevuli (Voice-over by Usha Rajendar)
 Aruna Mucherla as Rasamma
 Ilavarasu as Photographer
 Janagaraj
 A. K. Veerasamy as Sengodan
 Sathyaraj as Mayilvaganam (former lover of Ponnatha)
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja while the lyrics for songs were written by Vairamuthu. All the songs were well received. G. Dhananjayan in his book Pride of Tamil cinema – 1931 to 2013 wrote that the songs "helped tremendously in film's success".

Legacy 
In a comedy scene from Thalattu Ketkuthamma (1992), Koundamani sings "Poongatru Thirumbuma" to impress his wife (Vijay Chandrika), Prabhu completes the lyrics after Goundamani has forgetten the lyrics. In a scene from Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga (1999), Kundalakesi (Goundamani) lifts a huge stone similar to Sivaji's technique from the film to impress his lover. Vivek did a spoof of "Muthal Mariyathai" in the film Parthiban Kanavu (2003). In Mozhi (2007), Ananthakrishnan (Brahmanandam) will be seen watching "Poongatru" in television before getting disturbed by a cockroach.
The dialogue "Enaku oru unma therinjaaganum" (I need to know the truth) spoken by A. K. Veerasamy became popular. An unrelated series of same name also directed by Bharathiraja was aired on Kalaignar TV. R. Selvaraj, writer of this film has directed a film called Neethana Andha Kuyil in 1986 which was inspired from the line from the song "Poongatru". Another song "Rasave Unnai Nambi" has inspired a Ramarajan starrer of same name. In  Singam (2010), Pandu, Who came as a farmer intimated the dialogue,which gains a lot of interest towards the movie

Awards
33rd National Film Awards
 Best Feature Film in Tamil for Bharathiraja
 Best Lyricist for Vairamuthu

33rd Filmfare Awards South
 Best Tamil Actor – Sivaji Ganesan
 Best Tamil Actress – Radha

Cinema Express Awards
 1985 Best Tamil Film for Bharathiraja

References

Bibliography

Other websites

Tamil-language movies
S. Krishnamoorthy (born 9 October), better known by his screenname Madhan Bob, is a popular comedian and Tamil film actor from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He started his film career as a musician and became an actor instead. Apart from appearing in supporting roles in Tamil films he also appears in the Sun TV comedy show Asathapovathu Yaaru as one of the judges. His debut film was Vaaname Ellai. It was Madan Bob who first taught Maragathamani music.

He was eighth child in his family, so he was named Krishnamurthy which also happened to be his uncle’s name and there was a lot of confusion in the house, so they changed his name to Madan. his brother’s name is Padmanabhan a.k.a. Babu. Both started a music group called ‘Madan and Babu’. In time, the Babu became Bob and that’s how director Balachander introduced him in his first film.

Filmography
Neengal Kettavai (1984)
 Vaaname Ellai (1992)
 Thevar Magan
 Jathi Malli (1993)
 Uzhaippali
 Udan Pirappu
 Thiruda Thiruda 
 Honest Raj (1994)
 Pattukottai Periyappa 
 Nammavar 
 Sathi Leelavathi (1995)
 Magalir Mattum 
 Pullakuttikaran
 Poove Unakkaga (1996)
 Sundara Purushan 
 Priyam
 Gopura Deepam (1997)
 Mannava
 Vivasaayi Magan
 Pagaivan
 Nerrukku Ner 
 Roja Malare
 Chachi 420 (Hindi)
 Rathna (1998)
 Kaadhala Kaadhala
 Jolly
 Priyamudan
 Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen 
 Aasai Thambi
 Unnudan 
 Thulladha Manamum Thullum (1999)
 Unnai Thedi
 Edhirum Pudhirum
 Anandha Poongatre
 Suyamvaram
 Nee Varuvai Ena
 Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga
 Poovellam Kettuppar
 Minsara Kanna
 Jodi
 Kannukkul Nilavu (2000)
 Thai Poranthachu
 Unnai Kann Theduthey
 Kuberan
 Thenali
 Anbudan
 Friends (2001)
 Looty 
 Rishi
 Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala
 Pennin Manathai Thottu
 Star
 Parthale Paravasam
 Alli Thandha Vaanam
 Punnagai Desam  (2002) 
 Pammal K. Sambandam
 Kamarasu
 Krishna Krishna
 Gemini
 Yai Nee Romba Azhaga Irukey 
 Anbe Un Vasam
Anbe Un Vasam
 Youth
 Sundhara Travels
 Villain
 Kadhaludan (2003)
 Nala Damayanthi 
 Priyamana Thozhi
 Thittikudhey
 Three Roses
 Anbe Un Vaasam
 Aethirree (2004)
 Vasool Raja MBBS 
 Karka Kasadara
 Vishwa Thulasi
 Chatrapathy
 Giri
 Ayyaa (2005)
 Chandramukhi
 6'2
 Jithan
 ABCD
 Jerry
 Mazhai
 Aathi (2006)
 Kusthi
 Varalaaru
 Mudhan Mudhalai
 Manikanda (2007)
 Periyar 
 Thottal Poo Malarum 
 Marudhamalai
 Thavam
 Vel
 Vedha (2008)
 Arai En 305-il Kadavul 
 Seval
 Ananda Thandavam (2009)
 Thee 
 Bhramaram (Malayalam)
 Engal Aasan
 Ainthaam Padai
 Sura (2010)
 Pen Singam
 Kaavalan (2011)
 Maapillai 
 Pathayiram Kodi
 Singam II
 Yuvan Yuvathi
 Chandhamama (2013)
 Ethir Neechal 
 Saravanan Engira Surya
 Thulli Vilayadu
 Ramanujan (2014)
 Aindhaam Thalaimurai Sidha Vaidhiya Sigamani
 Jamai
 Lingaa
 Vellaikaara Durai
 En Vazhi Thani Vazhi (2015)
 Adhibar 
 Saagasam (2016)
 Tea Kadai Raja 
 Ka Ka Ka Po 
 Ennama Katha Vudranunga 
 Tamilselvanum Thaniyar Anjalum 
 Uchathula Shiva 
 Kaththi Sandai
 Ner Mugam
Ner Mugam
 Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva (2017)
 Vaigai Express
 Saravanan Irukka Bayamaen  
 Ivan Thanthiran
 Ullam Ullavarai
 Aalukku Paathi 50/50
References

Tamil actors
Tamil comedians
Tirunelveli S. Balaiah (; 23 August 1914 – 22 July 1972) was an Indian actor best known for playing supporting roles in the Tamil films. He was introduced to the cine field by director Ellis R. Dungan in Sathi Leelavathi (1936), along with M. G. Ramachandran, N. S. Krishnan and M.K. Radha. He was one of the very few actors who excelled as a villain, as well as in character roles and comic roles.

Early life 
T. S. Balaiah was born on 23 August 1914. He was born in Sundankottai, now in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu. He ran away from home at young age and joined a Circus. Later joined Jagannatha Iyer’s famous drama company which was working in Tirunelveli and from which no turning back.
Career 
Balaiah began his film career through the Tamil film Sathi Leelavathi in 1936. Balaiah played first lead role in Mohini paired opposite Madhuri Devi, where he played elder brother to V. N. Janaki and supporting role by M. G. Ramachandran. He gained lot of weight at the age of 40 in 1954, hence started getting more character roles.  Among his villain roles, Ambikapathy, Madurai Veeran, Thaikkupin Tharam, Hello Mister Zamindar and Thiruvilaiyadal were critically acclaimed. Balaiah also excelled in comedy roles in movies such as Kavalai Illaadha Manithan, Kadhalikka Neramillai, Bama Vijayam and Thillana Mohanambal. Actor Sivaji Ganesan had once mentioned that Balaiah along with M. R. Radha was his most admired actor.

Personal life 
Actress Manochithra is his daughter, while one of his sons Junior Balaiah has also appeared in films. Another son, Sai Baba, was part of MSV's troupe and sang a few song.

Partial filmography

References
References

Other websites
 
 http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2319/stories/20061006000707900.htm 
 The Three-in-One T. S. Balaiah in My Movie Minutes
 100 years of laughter

Tamil actors
Madras Rajagopala Radhakrishnan Naidu (14 April 1907 – 17 September 1979), popularly known by his stage name, M. R. Radha, was an Indian movie actor and politician. He was given the title of "Nadigavel" (Spearhead of acting / frontrunner /torchbearer) by E.V.R. Periyar in a stage, for his acting prowess. After a successful career on stage in his early years, he acted in movies from the 1930s to the 1970s, and then, giving up movies, he went back to his first love, the stage.

Career
Radha was a popular theatre artist who performed in more than 5000 stage shows. Starting at the age of 10, he appeared at first in small roles and eventually grew to a level that stories for dramas were custom made for him.Radha gained popularity with the success of his stage play Ratha Kanneer. His performance in the 1954 movie version of the play, directed by Krishnan-Panju, brought wider recognition of his talents and made him a household name in Tamil Nadu.
Radha played both villain roles and comedic roles. After the 1950s, filmmakers created roles specially for him, and he often overshadowed even main actors like MGR and Sivaji Ganesan. He was an active member of the Self-Respect Movement, and was known for his atheistic views. Towards the end of his career, however, he started acting in Hindu devotional movies like Velum Mayilum Thunai but he often used to ridicule theism in these movies.

MGR Shooting incident
Death
After being released from jail, Radha died of jaundice on 17 September 1979 aged 72 at his residence in Thiruchirappalli. His popularity had improved and his funeral procession was one of the largest in South India, as over 200,000 mourners paid respect.

Personal life
M. R. Radhakrishnan married four times, and his marriages were concurrent. The names of his wives were Smt. Saraswathi Ammal, Smt. Dhanalakshmi Ammal, Smt. Jayammal and Smt. Geetha. He was survived by three of his wives, namely Smt. Saraswathi Ammal, Smt. Dhanalakshmi Ammal and Smt. Jayamamal.

Radhakrishnan was the father of several children (at least three sons and six daughters) by his four wives. His three sons were M. R. R. Vasu and Radha Ravi (both borne by Smt. Dhanalakshmi Ammal) and M.R. Radharajoo. Radhakrishnan also had at least seven daughters, including Rashya, Rani, Ganavalli, Kasturi, Rajeswari and two daughters (actresses Radhika and Nirosha) born to his most junior wife Geetha.
Radhakrishnan's eldest son M. R. R. Vasu was a leading character artist until the mid-1980s. His other son Radha Ravi is also an actor. Radhika is an actress and producer and is presently married to actor R. Sarathkumar (her third husband). Nirosha (also known as Niroja) is an actress working mostly in supporting roles; she is married to actor Ramki.

Filmography

 Ratha Kanneer
 Nalla Idathu Sambandham
 Aayiram Roobai
 Kai Koduttha Dheivam
 Paava Mannippu
 En Kadamai
 Chitthi
 Puthiya Paravai
 Bale Pandiya
 Sarada
 Thendral Veesum (1962)
 Kavalai Illaadha Manithan
 Kumudham
 Anandhi
 Karpagam
 Thayai Kaatha Thanayan
 Paasam
 Paalum Pazhamum
 Pattinathar
 Padithal Mattum Podhuma
 Naanum Oru Penn
 Koduthu Vaithaval
 Aalayamani
 Santhanathevan
 Velum Mayilum Thunai
 Rathinapuri Ilavarasi
 Thai Solli Thathathe
 Iruvar Ullam
 Petralthan Pillaiya
 Periya Idathu Penn
 Anandha Jodhi
 Ulagam Sirikkirathu
 Bhaaga Pirivinai
 Aadavantha Deivam
 Kannadi Maligai
 Hello Mister Zamindar
 Mani Osai
 Dasavatharam (movie)
References

Other websites
 
 A scene from Paava Mannippu

1907 births
1979 deaths
Deaths from jaundice
Tamil actors
Indian movie actors
Tamil comedians
X-Men: The New Mutants (or simply titled The New Mutants) is a 2020 American superhero  horror movie. It is the thirteenth film of the X-Men film series and it was released on August 28, 2020. The movie is directed by Josh Boone. It stars Anya Taylor-Joy, Maisie Williams, Charlie Heaton, Henry Zaga, Blu Hunt, and Alice Braga.

References 

American horror movies
American LGBT movies
Movies produced by Lauren Shuler Donner
Movies produced by Simon Kinberg
X-Men (movie series)
2020 horror movies
2020s LGBT movies
2020s superhero movies
Superhero horror movies
Wilhelm Ostwald (23 September 1853 - 4 April 1932) was a Latvian-German chemist born in Riga, Latvia, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 

His parents are Elizabeth Leuckel and Gottfried Wilhelm Ostwald. His son is Wolfgang Ostwald. 
Wilhelm Ostwald was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 and it is Latvia's only Nobel prize. Although he was a German chemist, he was born in Latvia so the Nobel prize went to Latvia.

1853 births
1932 deaths
Esperantists
German academics
German chemists
German Nobel Prize winners
Latvian scientists
People from Riga
Russian Nobel Prize winners
Singer 2018''' is the second season of Chinese television series Singer, a rebranded version of I Am a Singer that will air on Hunan Television. It is produced by Hong Tao, and its music director is Hong Kong senior musician Kubert Leung. It will be recorded in the Hunan Broadcasting System Radio and Television Center, Changsha, Hunan on January 3, 2018 and aired from January 12 to April 20, 2018 on Hunan Television.

 Results
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
|+
|-
! rowspan="4" width="20" | !! rowspan="4" width="250" class="unsortable" |Singer !! colspan="14" | Broadcast Date (2018)
! rowspan="4" | Average Ranking
|-
! Jan 12 !! Jan 19 !! Jan 26
! Feb 2 !! Feb 9 !! Feb 16
! Feb 23 !! Mar 9 !! Mar 16 
! Mar 23 !! Mar 30
! Apr 6 !! colspan="2" |Apr 13
|-
! colspan="3" |1st round
! colspan="3" |2nd round
! colspan="3" |3rd round
! colspan="2" |4th round
! rowspan="2" |Breakout
! colspan="2" |Final Round
|-
! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Qualifying!! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Knockout !! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Challenge !! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Qualifying !! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Knockout !! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Challenge !! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Match 1  !! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Qualifying !! width="100" data-sort-type="text" |KnockoutChallenge   !! width="70" data-sort-type="text" |Qualifying
!Knockout!! width="70" data-sort-type="text" | 1st round !! width="70" |2nd round 
|-
| 1
|  Jessie J
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 3
| style="background:#F25B40; color: black" data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 3
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: pink; color: black" data-sort-value="1"| —
| style="background: lime; color: black"| 1 
| 1.64
|-
| 2
|  Hua Chenyu
| data-sort-value="10"| —
| data-sort-value="10"| —
| data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 3
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 3
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 5
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background:#C697F3; color: black"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black" data-sort-value="2"| —
| style="background: yellow; color: black"| 2 
| 2.1
|-
| 3
|  Wang Feng
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 4
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 3
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 5
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 4
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 4
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 5
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 4
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 6
| style="background: pink; color: black" data-sort-value="13"| —
| style="background: pink; color: black" data-sort-value="3"| —
| style="background: yellow; color: black"| 3 
| 3.58
|-
| 4
|  Teng Geer
| data-sort-value="12"| —
| data-sort-value="12"| —
| data-sort-value="12"| —
| data-sort-value="12"| —
| data-sort-value="12"| —
| data-sort-value="12"| —
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 7
| style="background: blue; color: white"| 1
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 4
| style="background:#C697F3; color: black"| 3
| style="background: pink; color: black" data-sort-value="4"| —
| style="background: yellow; color: black"| 4
| 3.29
|-
| 5
|  James Li
| data-sort-value="9"| —
| data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 4
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 4
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 7
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 5
| style="background: red; color: white" | 7
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 5
| style="background: grey; color: white" | 6
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: #C697F3; color: black"| 2
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="5"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="5"| —
| 5
|-
| 6
|  Angela Chang
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 5
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 2
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 6
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 3
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 6
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 3
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 6
| style="background: red; color: white" | 7
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 3
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 5
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 3
| style="background: pink; color: black" data-sort-value="12"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="6"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="6"| —
| 4.45
| 4.45
|-
| 7
| style="background:#92D3DA; color: black"|  Henry Huo
| data-sort-value="13"| —
| data-sort-value="13"| —
| data-sort-value="13"| — 
| data-sort-value="13"| —
| data-sort-value="13"| —
| data-sort-value="13"| —
| data-sort-value="13"| —
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 4
| style="background:#994299; color: white" | 4
| style="background: red; color: white" | 7
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 5
| style="background:#C697F3; color: black"| 4
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="7"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="7"| —
| 4.8
|-
| 8
| style="background:#92D3DA; color: black"|  Juno Su
| data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 5
| style="background: #994299; color: white"| 3
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 6
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 5
| style="background: grey; color: white" | 7
| style="background:#F89B40; color: black" data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background:#7FFFD4; color: black"| 5
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="8"| —
| 5.17
|-
| 9
|  Yisa Yu
| data-sort-value="14"| — 
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| data-sort-value="14"| —
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 6
| style="background: grey; color: white" | 7
| style="background:#7FFFD4; color: black"| 6
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| 6.33
|-
| 10
| 6.33
|-
| 10
| style="background:#92D3DA; color: black"|  KZ Tandingan
| data-sort-value="11"| —
| data-sort-value="11"| —
| data-sort-value="11"| —
| data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: blue; color: white" | 1
| style="background:#994299; color: white"| 6
| style="background: pink; color: black" | 4
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 6
| style="background: grey; color: white"| 8
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background:#7FFFD4; color: black"| 7
|  style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
|  style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
| 5.33
|-
| 11
|  Tien Chong
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 2
| style="background: red; color: white" | 8
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 5
| style="background: red; color: white" | 7
| style="background: grey; color: white" | 8
| style="background:#F89B40; color: black" data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background:#7FFFD4; color: black"| 8
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| 6.33
|-
| 12
|  Sam Lee
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 6
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 6
| style="background: grey; color: white" | 7
| style="background:#F89B40; color: black" data-sort-value="8"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="12"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="12"| —
| style="background:#7FFFD4; color: black" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="12"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="12"| —
| 6.33
|-
| 13
|  Li Xiaodong
| style="background: red; color: white" | 7
| style="background: grey; color: white" | 7
| style="background:#F89B40; color: black" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="12"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="13"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="13"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="14"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="14"| —
| style="background:#7FFFD4; color: black" data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="13"| —
| style="background: grey; color: white" data-sort-value="13"| —
| 7
|-
| 14
|  GAI
| style="background: pink; color: black"| 3
| style="background: pink; color: grey"| 4
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="9"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="10"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="11"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="12"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="13"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="13"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="14"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="14"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="14"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="14"| —
| style="background: black; color: white" data-sort-value="14"| —
| 3.5
|-
|}Notes: A. Average ranking is calculated using the weekly ranking, ignoring the bi-weekly overall ranking of each round
Details of competitions 
 1st round 
 Qualifying 
This episode is the first episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 3, 2017, and premiered on January 12, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television.

  A. No.1 of pre-vote

  B. Rap is written by GAI and Lin Du

  C. Also for live pianist

 Knockout 
This episode is the second episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 11, 2018, and was broadcast on January 19, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television. 1st round, Juno Su is going to participate challenge round, as the first challenge singer, at last she gets No.5 temporarily safe, and Li Xiaodong is the lowest percentages of votes in 1st round first two matches.

 First two matches overall ranking 
1st round, due to Juno Su gets No.5 temporarily safe in matches, Li Xiaodong is eliminated, as the lowest percentages of votes in 1st round first two matches.
Challenge 
This episode is the third episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 18, 2018, and was broadcast on January 26, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television. James Li joins the competition in the 1st challenge round, as the first substitute singer.

 Percentages of votes 
In match 3, Juno Su gets No.3 challenge success, as Sam Lee is No.7 in the episode thus eliminated.
{| width="100%" style="text-align:center"
|- style="background:#99CCFF"
| colspan="3" |Singer2018 1st Roung Match 3 Percentages of Votes
|- style="background:#99CCFF"
| style="width:33%"|Ranking || style="width:34%"|Singer || style="width:33%"|Percentages of Votes
|-
| 1 || Jessie J || 25.46%
|-
| 2 || Wang Feng || 18.17%
|-
| 3 || Juno Su || 16.61%
|-
| 4 || James Li || 13.07%
|-
| 5 || Tien Chong || 10.21%
|-
| 6 || Angela Chang || 9.53%
|-
| 7 || Sam Lee || 6.94%
|}
2nd round 
 Qualifying 
This episode is the fourth episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 25, 2018, and was broadcast on February 2, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television. In second round, Hua Chenyu joins the competition, as the second substitute singer. 

 Process of production 
 Preparation 
At the end of Singer 2017, many many Weibo entertainment marketing accounts said that Singer 2017 as the last series of I Am a Singer and Singer, the series of the show will not be made from 2018. There are three reasons, first in the preparation and broadcasting of Singer 2017 faced a lot of uncertainty, second the invitation of competitors difficulties is harder than before, the last is the director Duyan and the screenwriter Sunli will leave after Singer 2017. However on 14 June of 2017, During the broadcast of Hunan Xinwen Lianbo, Hong Tao accepted the interview of Hunan TV reporter. He said Singer 2018'' has entered the preparation to repudiate the remour.

Sources

Other websites
Other websites
 

Chinese music
2018 in television
Ugo Fangareggi (30 January 1938 – 20 October 2017) was an Italian actor and voice actor. He was born in Genoa, Italy. He was best known for the role of Mangold in Mario Monicelli's The Incredible Army of Brancaleone.

Fangareggi died of Parkinson's disease at the age of 79.

References

Other websites 
 

1938 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Genoa
Italian stage actors
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Langenhagen is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany.

References
ESPCI Paris (officially the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris; The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution) is a engineering graduate school in France. It is a constituent school of the University PSL (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ESPCI Paris (ESPCI Paris Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 PhD doctorate studies
 Master of Science
 Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ESPCI Paris.

Research labs 
Research activities at ESPCI relate to the following topics:
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Biotechnology

Notable graduate 
 Marie Curie, first woman to win a Nobel Prize

References

Other websites 

 Official website
Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1882 establishments in France
General Mustafa Adrisi ( – 28 July 2013) was Vice President of Uganda. He served from 1977 to 1978 and was one of President Idi Amin's closest allies. In 1978, after Adrisi was injured in a suspicious auto accident, troops loyal to him decided to rebel. Amin sent soldiers against the rebelling people, some of whom had fled across the Tanzanian border. This led to the Uganda–Tanzania War.

In the late 1990s, Mustafa Adrisi was living quietly in Arua, West Nile, in a house provided by the Ugandan government, and had recently gone back to complete his primary school certificate. He died in 2013.

References

1922 births
2013 deaths
Ambert is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central-southern France.

It is a subprefecture of the department and the capital of the arrondissement of Ambert.

Geography
Ambert is in the southeast of the Puy-de-Dôme department, at  to the south of Thiers,  to the east of Issoire and  to the southeast of Clermont-Ferrand.

The commune is in the plain of Ambert, surrounded by mountains: the Monts du Forez to the east and the Monts du Livradois to the west. The town is along the Dore, a tributary of the Allier river.

Ambert has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Clermont-Ferrand to other cities are:
 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Lyon, the regional capital - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Marseille - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Nantes - ;
 Nice - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Toulouse - .

Ambert is surrounded by the communes:
Climate
The climate of Ambert, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Ambert are known, in French, as Ambertois (women: Ambertoises).

With a population of 6,794, Ambert has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Ambert

Administration
Ambert is a subprefecture of the Puy-de-Dôme department. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Ambert and the administrative centre () of the canton of Ambert, formed 30 communes, including Ambert, with 18,178 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Ambert Livradois Forez.

Sister cities 
Ambert is twinned with:
 Annweiler, Germany, since 1988
 Saitama, Japan, since 1989
 Gorgonzola, Italy, since 2002.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Puy-de-Dôme department
 Communes of the Puy-de-Dôme department

References

Other websites

 City council website 
 Office of tourism website  

Communes in Puy-de-Dôme
Subprefectures in France
Dianbu () is a town in and the seat of Feidong County in the eastern suburbs of Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, People's Republic of China.

Subdivisions
There are multiple several subdivisions;
Qingqing District, Hefei (青春社区)
Zhennan, Hefei (镇南社区)
Zhenxi, Hefei (镇西社区)
Zhenbei, Hefei(镇北社区社区)
Huayuan, Hefei (花园社区)
Duihe, Hefei(对河社区)
Paitou, Hefei(排头社区)
Dingguang, Hefei (定光社区)
Tangyang, Hefei (唐杨社区)
Guangtai, Hefei (光大社区)
Xishanyi, Hefei (西山驿社区)
Beitang, Hefei (陂塘社区)
Shuangqiao, Hefei (双桥社区)
Zhongxin, Hefei (中心社区)
Anhe, Hefei (安乐村)
Tanglinhuizumanzu Village (塘林回族满族村)
Huatanming, Hefei (花滩民族村)
Mahan, Hefei(马厂村)
Longxi, Hefei(龙西村)
Anji, Hefei(昂集村)
Jianshe, Hefei(建设村)
Yangwang, Hefei (杨王村)
Hepu, Hefei(合浦村)
Pangdian, Hefei (半店村)
Qunli, Hefei (群力村)
Da'an, Hefei (大安村)
Zhaogang, Hefei (赵岗村)
Yangba, Hefei (杨坝村)
Sangyuanheyixin, Hefei (桑园村和一心村

References

Anhui
Topaz Solar Farm is located near San Luis Obispo, California.  It is one of the biggest solar farms in the world.

Energy in California
Solar power
Irruppam Veedu Sasidaran (28 March 1948 – 24 October 2017), better known as I. V. Sasi, (മലയാളം: ഐ.വി. ശശി) was an Indian movie director. He made over 150 movies in various Indian languages and genres. He was known for his Malayalam movies of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, although he directed a few Tamil and Hindi movies as well. 

In 2015, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, the highest award in Malayalam cinema.

Sasi died at his home in Saligramam, Chennai on 24 October 2017 at the age of 69 at 10:30 am, due to a massive heart attack.

References

Other websites
 

1948 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian movie directors
Girija Devi (8 May 1929 – 24 October 2017) was an Indian classical singer of the Seniya and Banaras gharanas. She performed classical and light classical music and helped elevate the profile of thumri.

Early career
Devi agreed to not perform privately for others, but gave her first public concert in Bihar in 1951. She worked as a faculty member of the ITC Sangeet Research Academy in Kolkata in the 1980s and of the Banaras Hindu University during the early 1990s, and taught several students to preserve her musical heritage. Devi often toured and continued to perform in 2009.

Musical career
Devi sang in the Banaras gharana and performed the purabi ang thumri style typical of the tradition, whose status she helped elevate.

Death
Devi died on 24 October 2017 of cardiac arrest at the age of 88.

Awards
 Padma Shri (1972)
 Padma Bhushan (1989)
 Padma Vibhushan (2016) 
 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1977)

References

Other websites

1929 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Indian singers
Albert Glenn Barr OBE (19 March 1942 – 24 October 2017) was a Northern Irish politician. He was born in Derry, Northern Ireland.

Barr was an activist of Ulster nationalism. For a time during the 1970s he straddled both Unionism and Loyalism due to simultaneously holding important positions in the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party and the Ulster Defence Association.

Barr died ￼at Altnagelvin hospital on 24 October 2017 at the age of 75.

References

1942 births
2017 deaths

Northern Ireland politicians
Ebrahim Ashtiani (Persian: ابراهیم اشتیانی; January 4, 1942 – October 24, 2017) was an Iranian football player. He played for the Iran national football team and spent most of his career at Persepolis. 

His son Ardalan is also a professional football player.

After the retirement of Persepolis captains Jafar Kashani and Homayoun Behzadi, Ashtiani became captain of the club when he was only 28 making him the youngest captain of Persepolis, a record that was broken by Alireza Haghighi in 2010. He retired in the summer of 1976 at the age of 30.

Ashtiani won the Asian Cup in Thailand in 1972 as well as the football tournament of the 1974 Asian Games in Tehran. He made 35 appearances for the Iran national football team from 1969 to 1974.

Ashtiani died in Tehran of heart disease on 24 October 2017 at the age of 75.

References

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart disease
Sportspeople from Tehran
Iranian footballers
Iranian Olympians
The desert agave (Agave deserti) is an agave, which is a type of plant. It is found in deserts in southern California, Arizona, and Baja California.

Agavaceae
Robert Campin (c. 1375 – 26 April 1444) was a famous Flemish painter. He is also known as The Master of Flémalle. He painted altarpieces and portraits. Campin was a very successful painter. He made a lot of money and owned several houses in Tournai. For thirty years he was the most famous painter in Tournai. He had a large workshop where many painters worked for him. Campin's best known work is the Mérode Altarpiece. He painted it between 1425 and 1428.

No one knows where Campin was born. By 1406 he was a master painter in Tournai. By 1419 he had a large workshop there. Many cities and churches in Flanders bought his paintings. He was married to Ysabel de Stocquain. They had no children. In 1432 he had an affair with Laurence Polette. He was taken to court for this and banished (sent away) from Tournai for one year. Margaret of Burgundy admired his work. She convinced the court to let him pay a fine instead of banishment. Campin died in Tournai in 1444.

References

Belgian painters
1370s births
1444 deaths
Along with the iPhone 6S and the iPhone X, the iPhone SE was discontinued by Apple on September 12, 2018. The iPhone SE currently does not have an upcoming model based on the original iPhone SE. Business Insider wrote that "Apple made a big mistake by removing its smallest and most affordable iPhone from its lineup", suggesting that the company was ignoring customers who are worried about the loss of a smartphone type that is both affordable and small enough to be comfortable to use. Quartz reported that women and other smartphone users with small hands get sore hands from holding large smartphones. The technology website Gizmodo was also concerned that Apple discontinued the iPhone SE, hoping that "there will be a return to smaller phones", as well as hoping that people will be able to hold a phone "in a single hand, and be able to use it fully."
History 
Earlier iPhones, the 4.7-inch iPhone 6 and the 5.5-inch iPhone 6 Plus, had much larger screens. However, there are a significant number of customers who would prefer to use a smaller 4-inch screen size of the iPhone 5 and the iPhone 5S. 

Apple stated in the "Let us loop you in" event on March 21, 2016 that they sold over 30 million 4-inch iPhones in 2015. In this event, they proved that many customers wanted smaller phones. Later in the event they presented the iPhone SE, describing it as "the most powerful 4-inch phone ever." 

The iPhone SE, iPhone 6S, and iPhone 6S Plus were the last iPhones to feature the standard 3.5 mm headphone jack.

Along with the iPhone 6S and the iPhone X, the iPhone SE was discontinued by Apple on September 12, 2018.

Specifications

Design
Design 

The iPhone SE looks almost identical to the iPhone 5 and 5S, except the iPhone SE has got rounded edges and a stainless steel Apple logo on the back. Cases designed to fit the 5 and the 5S will also fit an . The iPhone SE is available in the colors Space Gray, Silver, Gold, and Rose Gold.

Hardware

Software

Reviews
CNET was positive about the iPhone SE, considering the iPhone SE to be a "great choice at the small end, with no compromises". CNET also praised Apple for adapting the iPhone 6S generation phones into different sizes to increase variety of phone types; the smaller 4.0-inch SE, 4.7-inch 6S, and 5.5-inch 6S Plus. In a later article, CNET summarized the iPhone SE to be “the smaller, more pocketable member of the iPhone family. It was Apple's compact, budget option, and its 4-inch screen and tinier overall size were total throwback stuff. Consumers loved the battery life and that it still had a headphone jack.”
The Verge considered the iPhone SE to be "a much-improved, well-designed, small phone with great battery life" and a "great upgrade" for customers who currently own 4S or 5S models, noting the device's familiar appearance, high performance (even noting that the small screen is the only problem for multitasking and certain apps), and improved battery life. Giving the iPhone SE an 8.7 out of 10, Goode praised many features of the iPhone SE: "the iPhone SE is not a tiny little engine of innovation. It's today's tech in yesterday's phone body. As with anything, we should be wary of giving too much praise to something that's just doing its job."
TechCrunch praised the iPhone SE's design. They mentioned that the phone appealed "not just to the nostalgic and neophobic (fear of new things), but simply people who prefer a smaller phone." The employees who work at TechCrunch do not have "particularly large or small hands, but [they] preferred this highly pocketable, proven design to the new one for a number of reasons", further praising the iPhone SE as the best iPhone that Apple has ever made.

References

Other websites

SE (1st generation)
Mobile phones released in 2016
Apple products released in 2016
Leviathan  is a famous book by Thomas Hobbes. Its full name is Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil. Hobbes wrote the book in 1651. The name of the book comes from a sea monster called "Leviathan" in the Book of Job (one of the books in the Old Testament of the Bible).  In Leviathan, Hobbes writes about the structure of society and what makes a good government. It was a very early book on social contract theory. It influenced many other writers. He also wrote a version of the book in Latin in 1668.

References

Other websites
A copy of the complete book published in 1651

Political books
1650s books
English literature
A queue is a line of items.

Queue might also refer to:

 Queue area, where people wait in a queue, or line
 Queue (hairstyle), a Manchurian pigtail
 Queue (abstract data type), a data structure used in computer science, modeled on the real-world queue
 Queue (unit), a French liquid measure, used for wine and spirits.
La Noche Triste (Spanish for "The Sad Night") was a famous battle between the Spanish conquistadors and the Aztecs, a native people of Mexico. The battle took place on the shores of Lake Texcoco near the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan in the night between June 30 and July 1, 1520.

The Spanish side, led by Hernán Cortés, had 600 to 1000 Spanish soldiers and 20,000 native Mexican allies. The Aztecs, led by Cuitláhuac (the son of Moctezuma II), had 50,000 soldiers. The Aztec soldiers won the battle. They made the Spanish army leave their city. The Spanish army lost almost all their equipment and the gold they took from Tenochtitlan.  Between 400 and 800 Spanish soldiers were killed or captured. Between 2,000 and 4,000 native Mexican allies of the Spanish were killed or captured. The Aztecs lost about 1,000 soldiers.

Local enemies of the Aztecs rescued the survivors. They organized a bigger army, returned, and attacked in 1521, causing the Fall of Tenochtitlan

References
References

Battles
1520
Aztec
16th century in Spain
History of Mexico
Shedinja is one of the fictional species of Pokémon from the Pokémon media franchise owned by Nintendo and Game Freak.

It is a Bug/Ghost type Pokemon from the third generation of games, Ruby, Sapphire and Emerald. It is evolved from a Nincada when there's a free space in the player's party. Shedinja is notable because it only takes damage from super effective attacks and has one HP.

Pokémon monsters
The Additional Member System is an electoral system used to produce a more proportional result than Plurality voting, also known as First Past The Post. It is sometimes referred to as Mixed Member Proportional but these two electoral systems have different ways of allocating list seats. The term additional member system is almost only used in the United Kingdom but has been used to describe Italy's Electoral system from 1993 to 2005.

Method of voting & calculation

Method of voting 
In the Additional Member System the voter has two votes ; one vote goes to an local representative or multiple representatives from a geographical electoral district. This is commonly referred as a constituency vote. The other vote goes to a political party. This is commonly referred as a list vote and is to represent the voter in a wider region.

Calculation 
Firstly, the Constituency vote is counted: the votes are counted and the candidate with the most votes, even if the candidate did not reach a majority, wins the seat.
Next, each party's Member Score is calculated using a formula:

V = Party List Vote

S = Seat already won

Once the party's member score is calculated the list seats are given to each political party using the D'hondt formula.

Example 
In this Hypothetical Example there is 100,000 voters and there are: 3 political Parties, 10 total Seats (6 constituency seats and 4 list seats).

List seats calculation

Current usage 
 The London Assembly
 The Scottish Parliament
 The Welsh Assembly
 The Italian Parliament

Italian electoral system

Mattarellum 
Italy's Parliament used from 1993 to 2005 used a system which was sometimes called the additional member system but was known as Mattarellum, it had 75% of seats allocated using Plurality voting and 25% of seats used to create a proportional legislature. It had a complex system to allocate proportional seats which was called Scorporo.
Rosatellum 
Rosatellum, officially known as the Italian Electoral Law of 2017, Is an additional member system  with 36% of seats allocated using Plurality Voting and 64% of seats used to create a proportional legislature. The new electoral law was supported by the current  government's Democratic Party and the coalition partner Popular Alternative, but also by the opposition parties Forza Italia, Lega Nord and Liberal Popular Alliance. However, two parties (the Five Star Movement and the Democratic and Progressive Movement) did not support the new electoral system. The electoral law was approved on the 12th October by the Chamber of Deputies with 375 votes in favor and 215 against and on 26 October by the Senate with 214 votes against 61.

References 

Voting systems
Port Blair () is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.
Transportation
Port Blair also serves as the entry point for visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair is connected with mainland India by both air and sea. It is a 2-hour flight from mainland India to Port Blair, but it takes 3–4 days by sea to reach Chennai, Kolkata or Vishakhapatnam. Air connectivity to Port Blair is available from Chennai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bhubaneshwar and Vishakhapatnam. All flights bound to Andaman and Nicobar Islands land at the Veer Savarkar International Airport. Sea connectivity is available from Chennai, Kolkata and Vishakhapatnam are embarked in Haddo Wharf Port.  It is home to several museums and a major naval base INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy, along with sea and air bases of the Indian Coast Guard and the Indian Air Force. Port Blair is also famous for the historic Cellular Jail and other small islands like Carbyns Cove, Wandoor, Ross, Viper etc. which were once home to British colonists.
Port Blair has been selected as one of the cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.

Population
 India census, Port Blair had a population of 100,608. Males constitute 52.92% (53,247) of the population and females 47.07% (47,361). Port Blair has an average literacy rate of 89.76%, higher than the national average that is 74.04%. In Port Blair, male literacy is 92.79%, and female literacy is 86.34%. 9.3% of the population is under the age of 6 years. The most common religion is Hinduism, followed by Christianity and Islam. Bengali is the most spoken language of the city, followed by Hindi and Tamil.

References

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
The Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (Hindi for black waters), was a colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The prison was used by the British especially to exile political prisoners to the remote archipelago. Many notable dissidents such as Batukeshwar Dutt, Yogendra Shukla and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, among others, were imprisoned here during the struggle for India's independence. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.

Architecture