Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Chosroid dynasty (284–807) of Iranian origin
 Afrighids (305–995) of Iraniam origin
 Kingdom of the Alans (409–426) of Alan origin
 Mihranids (330–821) of Parthian origin
 Dabuyid dynasty (642–760) of Iranian origin
 Masmughans of Damavand (650–760) of Parthian origin
 Bavand dynasty (651–1349) of Parthian origin
 Paduspanids (665–1598) of Iranian origin
 Bukhar Khudahs (before 681–890s) of Sogdian origin
 Principality of Ushrusana (?–892/3) of Sogdian origin
 Qarinvand dynasty (7th-century–11th-century) of Parthian origin
 Rustamid dynasty (767–909) of Persian origin
 Sadakiyans (770–828) of Kurdish origin
 Justanids (791–974) of Iranian origin
 Samanids (819–999) of Iranian origin
 Tahirid dynasty (821–873) they are culturally highly Arabicized, but of Persian origin
 Banijurids (848–908) of Iranian origin
 Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) of Persian or eastern Iranian origin
 Ghurid dynasty (before 879–1219) their ethnicity is uncertain, altough eastern Iranian Tajik origin can be assumed
Qarmatians (899–1077) of Iranian origin
 Alania (late 9th century–1238/1239) of Alan origin
 Sajid dynasty (889/890–929) they are culturally Arabicized, but of Sogdian origin
 Farighunids (9th century–1010) of Persian origin
 Sallarid dynasty (919–1062) of Daylamite origin
 Ziyarid dynasty (931–1090) of Gilaki origin
 Banu Ilyas (932–968) of Sogdian origin
 Buyid dynasty (934–1062) of Daylamite origin
 Hasanwayhids (950–1121) of Kurdish origin
 Shaddadids (951–1199) of Kurdish origin
 Marwanids (983/990–1085) of Kurdish origin
 Annazids (990–1116) of Kurdish origin
 Ma'munids (995–1017) of Iranian origin
 Kakuyids (1008–1141) of Daylamite origin
 Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029–1225) of Iranian origin
 Hazaraspids (1115–1424) of Kurdish origin
 Atabegs of Yazd (1141–1319) of Persian origin
 Khorshidi dynasty (1184–1597) of Kurdish origin
 Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1260/1341) of Kurdish origin 
 Principality of Bitlis (1182–1847) of Kurdish origin
 Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524) of Kurdish origin
Kurt Dynasty (1244–1381) of Tajik origin
 Pervâneoğlu (1261–1326) of Persian origin
 Zirqanids (1335–1835) of Kurdish origin
 Afrasiab dynasty (1349–1504) of Iranian origin
 Lodi dynasty (1451–1526) of Pashtun or Turco-Pashtun origin
 Mirani dynasty (1476–1787) of Baloch origin
 Emirate of Palu (1495–1850) of Kurdish origin
 safavid empire (1501_1736) kurdish origin
 Emirate of Bradost (1510–1609) of Kurdish origin
 Soran Emirate (1514–1836) of Kurdish origin
 Sur Empire (1540–1556) of Pashtun origin
 Ardalan (14th century–1865/1868) of Kurdish origin
 Baban (1649–1850) of Kurdish origin
 Karrani Dynasty (1564–1576) of Pashtun origin
 Hotaki dynasty (1709–1738) of Pashtun origin
 afsharid (1736–1796) of Turkmen or kurd origin
 Nawab of Awadh (1732–1856) of Persian origin
 Sarab Khanate (1747–?) of Kurdish origin
 Durrani Empire (1747–1862) of Pashtun origin
 Zand dynasty (1750–1794) of Lur origin from the Zand branch of Lak tribe 
 Talpur dynasty (1783–1843) of Baloch origin
Qajar dynasty (1789−1925) Iranian dynasty of Turkic origin that ruled İran better than 130 years and three Iranian prime also ministers during Pahlavi period is of partly Qajar descent; Hoveyda, Mosaddegh and Amini
 Emirate of Herat (1793–1863) of Pashtun origin
 Barakzai dynasty (1826–1973) of Pashtun and Persian origin
 Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979) of paternally Mazandarani origin
Sinicized Iranic dynasties 
 Yan dynasty (756–764) of Sogdian and Göktürk origin

Turkified Iranic states 
 Khoy Khanate (1731–1799) Ruled by Turkified Kurdish tribe of Donboli
 Safavid Empire (1501–1736) of Kurdish
  origin later Turkified
 Tabriz Khanate (1757–1799) Ruled by Turkified Kurdish tribe of Donboli

Hellenized Iranic states 
 Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin until 36 BC
 Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Ariarathid dynasty until 96 BC, by Ariobarzanid dynasty until 36 BC, both are Persian origin

Former and defunct Iranic governments

Teritories

Russian Empire 

 Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917) including the many Ossetian, Tat and Kurdish populated lands. There are fourteen provinces called governorate, oblast, okrug and gradonachalstvo

Soviet Union
Soviet Union 

 Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1921) short-lived Soviet republic in Gilak and Talysh populated regions of Iran
 North Ossetian ASSR (1936–1992) Ossetian republic in northern Ossetian-populated lands
 South Ossetian AO (1922–1990) Ossetian autonomous oblast in southern Ossetian-populated lands
Kurdistan uezd (1923–1929) Kurdish uezd of Kurdish-populated lands in Karabakh
 North Ossetian AO (1924–1936) Ossetian autonomous oblast in northern Ossetian-populated lands
 Tajikistan SSR (1929–1991) Tajik soviet republic in Tajik populated lands

Turko-Iranic states and dynasties 

 Ghaznavids (977–1186)
 Seljuk Empire (1037–1194) – generally consiered as Turko-Persian
khwarazmian empire (1077–1231)

Notes

References
Sources
Gregoratti, Leonardo. "The kings of Parthia and Persia: some considerations on the ‘Iranic’ Identity in the Parthian Empire." Dabir 1.1 (2015): 14-16.
Toops, Stanley. "The Population Landscape of Xinjiang/East Turkestan." Inner Asia 2.2 (2000): 155-170.
Gnoli, Gh. "Iranic Identity as a historical problem: the beginnings of a national awareness under the Achaemenians." The East and the Meaning of History (1992): 147-167.
Lambton, Ann KS. "Persia." Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society 31.1 (1944): 8-22.
Lohrasp, G. "Some remarks on Farabi's background: Iranic (Soghdian/Persian) or (Altaic)?." (2009).
صدرا, علیرضا. "Making Discourse and Realization, Monitoring of Islamic–Iranic Progress' Olgou (executive necessaries of Olgou and Political Plans)." سیاست متعالیه 10.38 (2022).‎
Waghmar, Burzine. "Settled rather than saddled Scythians: the easternmost Sakas." (2020): 639-649.
Friuli-Venezia Giulia is a constituency of Italy. It was created in 1994. It represents the entire region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

Election results

Notes

References

Chamber of Deputies constituencies in Italy
Aosta Valley (, ) is a constituency of Italy. It represents the Aosta Valley region. It was created in 1946.

Aosta Valley is the only single-member constituency in Italy. It is elected using first-past-the-post voting.

Election results

Notes

References

Chamber of Deputies constituencies in Italy
{{Speciesbox
| image =Raorchestes munnarensis.jpg
| status =EN
| status_ref =
| status_system = IUCN3.1Q
| taxon = Raorchestes munnarensis
| authority =(Biju and Bossuyt, 2009) 
| range_map =
|synonyms=*Philautus munnarensis Biju and Bossuyt, 2009Pseudophilautus munnarensis Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009Raorchestes munnarensis Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, and Bossuyt, 2010
| synonyms_ref=
}}

The Munnar bush frog (Raorchestes munnarensis'') is a frog.  It lives in India.  Scientists have seen it in Devikulam and Munnar in the Western Ghat mountains.

First paper

References

Frogs of Asia
Abruzzo is a constituency of Italy. It represents the region of Abruzzo. It was created in 1993.

Members

Election results

References

Chamber of Deputies constituencies in Italy
There are currently 225 constituencies () in Russia. They are used to elect the State Duma.

List

Adygea

 Adygea constituency (No. 1)

Altai Republic

 Altai constituency (No. 2)

Bashkortostan

 Ufa constituency (No. 3)
 Blagoveshchensk constituency (No. 4)
 Beloretsk constituency (No. 5)
 Neftekamsk constituency (No. 6)
 Salavat constituency (No. 7)
 Sterlitamak constituency (No. 8)

Buryatia

 Buryat constituency (No. 9)

Dagestan

 Northern constituency (No. 10)
 Central constituency (No. 11)
 Southern constituency (No. 12)

Ingushetia

 Ingush constituency (No. 13)

Kabardino-Balkaria

 Kabardino-Balkarian constituency (No. 14)

Kalmykia

 Kalmyk constituency (No. 15)

Karachay-Cherkessia

 Karachevo-Cherkess constituency (No. 16)

Republic of Karelia

 Karelian constituency (No. 17)

Komi Republic

 Syktyvkar constituency (No. 18)

Republic of Crimea

 Simferopol constituency (No. 19)
 Kerch constituency (No. 20)
 Yevpatoria constituency (No. 21)

Mari El

 Mari El constituency (No. 22)

Mordovia
Mordovia

 Mordovia constituency (No. 23)

Yakutia

 Yakutia constituency (No. 24)

North Ossetia

 North Ossetia constituency (No. 25)

Tatarstan

 Privolzhsky constituency (No. 26)
 Moskovsky constituency (No. 27)
 Nizhnekamsk constituency (No. 28)
 Naberezhnye Chelny constituency (No. 29)
 Almetyevsk constituency (No. 30)
 Central constituency (No. 31)

Tuva

 Tuva constituency (No. 32)

Udmurt Republic

 Udmurtia constituency (No. 33)
 Izhevsk constituency (No. 34)

Khakassia

 Khakassian constituency (No. 35)

Chechnya

 Chechnya constituency (No. 36)

Chuvashia

 Kanash constituency (No. 37)
 Cheboksary constituency (No. 38)

Altai Krai

 Barnaul constituency (No. 39)
 Rubtsovsk constituency (No. 40)
 Biysk constituency (No. 41)
 Slavgorod constituency (No. 42)

Zabaikalsky Krai

 Chita constituency (No. 43)
 Dauria constituency (No. 44)

Kamchatka Krai

 Kamchatka constituency (No. 45)

Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai

 Krasnodar constituency (No. 46)
 Krasnoarmeysky constituency (No. 47)
 Slavyansk-na-Kubani constituency (No. 48)
 Tuapse constituency (No. 49)
 Sochi constituency (No. 50)
 Tikhoretsk constituency (No. 51)
 Armavir constituency (No. 52)
 Kanevskaya constituency (No. 53)

Krasnoyarsk Krai

 Krasnoyarsk constituency (No. 54)
 Central constituency (No. 55)
 Divnogorsk constituency (No. 56)
 Yeniseysk constituency (No. 57)

Perm Krai

 Perm constituency (No. 58)
 Chusovoy constituency (No. 59)
 Kungur constituency (No. 60)
 Kudymkar constituency (No. 61)

Primorsky Krai

 Vladivostok constituency (No. 62)
 Artyom constituency (No. 63)
 Arsenyev constituency (No. 64)

Stavropol Krai

 Stavropol constituency (No. 65)
 Nevinnomyssk constituency (No. 66)
 Mineralnye Vody constituency (No. 67)
 Georgiyevsk constituency (No. 68)

Khabarovsk Krai

 Khabarovsk constituency (No. 69)
 Komsomolsk-na-Amure constituency (No. 70)

Amur Oblast

 Amur constituency (No. 71)

Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast

 Arkhangelsk constituency (No. 72)
 Kotlas constituency (No. 73)

Astrakhan Oblast

 Astrakhan constituency (No. 74)

Belgorod Oblast

 Belgorod constituency (No. 75)
 Stary Oskol constituency (No. 76)

Bryansk Oblast

 Bryansk constituency (No. 77)
 Unecha constituency (No. 78)

Vladimir Oblast

 Vladimir constituency (No. 79)
 Suzdal constituency (No. 80)

Volgograd Oblast

 Volgograd constituency (No. 81)
 Krasnoarmeysky constituency (No. 82)
 Mikhaylovka constituency (No. 83)
 Volzhsky constituency (No. 84)

Vologda Oblast

 Vologda constituency (No. 85)
 Cherepovets constituency (No. 86)

Voronezh Oblast

 Voronezh constituency (No. 87)
 Pravoberezhny constituency (No. 88)
 Anna constituency (No.89)
 Pavlovsky constituency (No. 90)

Ivanovo Oblast

 Ivanovo constituency (No. 91)
 Kineshma constituency (No. 92)

Irkustsk Oblast

 Irkutsk constituency (No. 93)
 Angarsk constituency (No. 94)
 Shelekhov constituency (No. 95)
 Bratsk constituency (No. 96)

Kaliningrad Oblast
Kaliningrad Oblast

 Kaliningrad constituency (No. 97)
 Central constituency (No. 98)

Kaluga Oblast

 Kaluga constituency (No. 99)
 Obninsk constituency (No. 100)

Kemerovo Oblast

 Kemerovo constituency (No. 101)
 Prokopyevsk constituency (No. 102)
 Zavodskoy constituency (No. 103)
 Novokuznetsk constituency (No. 104)

Kirov Oblast

 Kirov constituency (No. 105)
 Kirovo-Chepetsk constituency (No. 106)

Kostroma Oblast

 Kostroma constituency (No. 107)

Kurgan Oblast

 Kurgan constituency (No. 108)

Kursk Oblast

 Kursk constituency (No. 109)
 Seimsky constituency (No. 110)

Leningrad Oblast

 Vsevolozhsk constituency (No. 111)
 Kingisepp constituency (No. 112)
 Volkhov constituency (No. 113)

Lipetsk Oblast

 Lipetsk constituency (No. 114)
 Levoberezhny constituency (No. 115)

Magadan Oblast

 Magadan constituency (No. 116)

Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast

 Balashikha constituency (No. 117)
 Dmitrov constituency (No. 118)
 Kolomna constituency (No. 119)
 Krasnogorsk constituency (No. 120)
 Lyubertsy constituency (No. 121)
 Odintsovo constituency (No. 122)
 Orekhovo-Zuyevo constituency (No. 123)
 Podolsk constituency (No. 124)
 Sergiyev Posad constituency (No. 125)
 Serpukhov constituency (No. 126)
 Shchyolkovo constituency (No. 127)

Murmansk Oblast

 Murmansk constituency (No. 128)

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

 Nizhny Novgorod constituency (No. 129)
 Prioksky constituency (No. 130)
 Avtozavodsky constituency (No. 131)
 Kanavinsky constituency (No. 132)
 Bor constituency (No. 133)

Novgorod Oblast

 Novgorod constituency (No. 134)

Novosibirsk Oblast

 Novosibirsk constituency (No. 135)
 Central constituency (No. 136)
 Iskitim constituency (No. 137)
 Barabinsk constituency (No. 138)

Omsk Oblast

 Omsk constituency (No. 139)
 Moskalenki constituency (No. 140)
 Lyubinsky constituency (No. 141)

Orenburg Oblast
Orenburg Oblast

 Orenburg constituency (No. 142)
 Buguruslan constituency (No. 143)
 Orsk constituency (No. 144)

Oryol Oblast

 Oryol constituency (No. 145)

Penza Oblast

 Penza constituency (No. 146)
 Lermontovsky constituency (No. 147)

Pskov Oblast

 Pskov constituency (No. 148)

Rostov Oblast

 Rostov constituency (No. 149)
 Nizhnedonskoy constituency (No. 150)
 Taganrog constituency (No. 151)
 Southern constituency (No. 152)
 Belaya Kalitva constituency (No. 153)
 Shakhty constituency (No. 154)
 Volgodonsk constituency (No. 155)

Ryazan Oblast

 Ryazan constituency (No. 156)
 Skopin constituency (No. 157)

Samara Oblast

 Samara constituency (No. 158)
 Tolyatti constituency (No. 159)
 Krasnoglinsky constituency (No. 160)
 Zhigulyovsk constituency (No. 161)
 Promyshlenny constituency (No. 162)

Saratov Oblast

 Saratov constituency (No. 163)
 Balakovo constituency (No. 164)
 Balashov constituency (No. 165)
 Engels constituency (No. 166)

Sakhalin Oblast

 Sakhalin constituency (No. 167)
Sverdlovsk Oblast

 Sverdlovsk constituency (No. 168)
 Kamensk-Uralsky constituency (No. 169)
 Beryozovsky constituency (No. 170)
 Nizhny Tagil constituency (No. 171)
 Asbest constituency (No. 172)
 Pervouralsk constituency (No. 173)
 Serov constituency (No. 174)

Smolensk Oblast

 Smolensk constituency (No. 175)
 Roslavl constituency (No. 176)

Tambov Oblast

 Tambov constituency (No. 177)
 Rasskazovo constituency (No. 178)

Tver Oblast

 Tver constituency (No. 179)
 Zavolzhsky constituency (No. 180)

Tomsk Oblast

 Tomsk constituency (No. 181)
 Ob constituency (No. 182)

Tula Oblast

 Tula constituency (No. 183)
 Novomoskovsk constituency (No. 184)

Tyumen Oblast

 Tyumen constituency (No. 185)
 Zavodoukovsk constituency (No. 186)

Ulyanovsk Oblast

 Ulyanovsk constituency (No. 187)
 Radishchevo constituency (No. 188)

Chelyabinsk Oblast
Chelyabinsk Oblast

 Chelyabinsk constituency (No. 189)
 Metallurgichesky constituency (No. 190)
 Korkino constituency (No. 191)
 Magnitogorsk constituency (No. 192)
 Zlatoust constituency (No. 193)

Yaroslavl Oblast

 Yaroslavl constituency (No. 194)
 Rostov constituency (No. 195)

Moscow Federal City

 Babushkinsky constituency (No. 196)
 Kuntsevo constituency (No. 197)
 Leningradsky constituency (No. 198)
 Lyublino constituency (No. 199)
 Medvedkovo constituency (No. 200)
 Nagatinsky constituency (No. 201)
 New Moscow constituency (No. 202)
 Orekhovo–Borisovo constituency (No. 203)
 Perovo constituency (No. 204)
 Preobrazhensky constituency (No. 205)
 Tushino constituency (No. 206)
 Khovrino constituency (No. 207)
 Central constituency (No. 208)
 Cheryomushki constituency (No. 209)
 Chertanovo constituency (No. 210)

Saint Petersburg Federal City
Eastern constituency (No. 211)
 Western constituency (No. 212)
 Northern constituency (No. 213)
 North East constituency (No. 214)
 North West constituency (No. 215)
 Central constituency (No. 216)
 South East constituency (No. 217)
 Southern constituency (No. 218)

Sevastopol Federal City

 Sevastopol constituency (No. 219)

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

 Jewish constituency (No. 220)

Nenets AO

 Nenets constituency (No. 221)

Khanty-Mansi AO

 Khanty-Mansiysk constituency (No. 222)
 Nizhnevartovsk constituency (No. 223)

Chukotka AO

 Chukotka constituency (No. 224)

Yamalo-Nenets AO

 Yamalo-Nenets constituency (No. 225)

References

 
Russia
Kaliningrad (; No. 97) is a constituency of Russia. It is in the Kaliningrad Oblast.

Election results

References

Russian legislative constituencies
40 Eridani, in short terms, 40 Eri and named as Keid, is a triple star system in the constellation of Eridanus,  it is about 16.3 light-years from the Sun.

The main star of the system, 40 Erdiani A (Keid A) is easily visible to the naked eye. It is orbited by a binary star, two stars orbiting each other and both of them orbiting the main star. The star system was discovered on January 31, 1783, by astronomer William Herschel.

References 

Stars
"School's Out" is a 1972 song by Alice Cooper and is the title track to his studio album School's Out. It is his signature song and went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and made the top 10 in Ireland, New Zealand, the Netherlands, the United States, Canada, Germany and Norway. It went on to be covered by Krokus.

References

1972 songs
Alice Cooper songs
The Sensational Alex Harvey Band songs‏‎
Glam rock songs
Hard rock songs
Laura Nurmsalu is an archer from Estonia. She was born on 1 June 1994. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

References 

Estonian archers
Estonian Olympians
Living people
1994 births
Central (; No. 98) is a constituency of Russia. It is in the Kaliningrad Oblast.

Election results

References

Russian legislative constituencies
Sakhalin (; No. 167) is a constituency of Russia. It includes all of Sakhalin Oblast. It is the only Russian constituency that is entirely made up of islands.

Election results

References

Russian legislative constituencies
Sakhalin Oblast
Reena Pärnat is an archer from Estonia. She was born on 1 December 1993. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics.

References 

Estonian archers
Estonian Olympians
1993 births
Living people
Rob Elder is an archer from Fiji. He was born on 25 April 1981. Elder competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics.

References 

1981 births
Living people
Archers
Fijian Olympians
Miika Aulio is a archer from Finland. He was born on 19 November 1975. Aulio competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References 

1975 births
Living people
Finnish archers
Finnish Olympians
Ismo Kalevi Falck is a retired archer from Finland. He was born on 22 August 1966. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.

References 

1966 births
Living people
Finnish archers
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Matti Hatava is an archer from Finland. He was born on 10 March 1981. Hatava competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

References 

1981 births
Living people
Finnish archers
Finnish Olympians
Asteriornis is an extinct genus of bird from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium. It is known from a single species called Asteriornis maastrichtensis. 

It was closely related to birds of the living superorder Galloanserae, such as chickens and ducks. Members of the genus were small, long-legged birds (~394 g). 

They lived near the coastline with more "primitive" types of birds such as Ichthyornis. Asteriornis is one of the oldest-known birds: it definitely  belongs to the group Neornithes, the modern birds. 

It has features of both galliformes (chicken-like birds) and anseriformes (duck-like birds). This shows its position as a close relative of the last common ancestor for both groups.

References 

Birds
Fossils
The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) is an economic research institute. It is based in London, England. The institute studies British taxation and public policy.   It publishes policy-reports and academic articles. It also produces a peer-reviewed quarterly journal, called Fiscal Studies.

References

Think tanks based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in London
"Who Got da Props?" is the first single off of American hip hop group Black Moon's first studio album Enta da Stage. The song was released on October 22, 1992.

The song was able to make it to #28 on the Hot Rap Singles, #28 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, #60 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and #86 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. The song was ranked #25 by Complex's list of 50 Best Debut Rap Singles and #98 on Rolling Stone'''s list of 100 Best East Coast Hip-Hop Songs of All Time''.

In the song, Buckshot of Black Moon raps about how he is respected in hip hop with the lyric "who got da props?". He also raps about how he came from how he was once poor but is now rich and how he is better than other rappers in the genre.

A music video for the song was released. It features Black Moon rapping and dancing with other men in a back alley.

References

Other websites

1992 songs
Hip hop songs
The Scheldt is a 435-kilometre-long (270 mi) river that flows through northern France, western Belgium, and the southwestern part of the Netherlands, into the North Sea. In French, the river is called Escaut, in Dutch and in German, it is called Schelde.  Its latin name is Scaldis.The Scheldt is an important waterway.  Boats can get up to Cambrai.  From there they can get on to the Canal de Saint-Quentin.  The Scheldt–Rhine Canal connects it to the Rhine.

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Belgium
Rivers of the Netherlands
The Canal de Saint-Quentin  is a canal in northern France.   It connects the canalised river Escaut in Cambrai to the Canal latéral à l'Oise and Canal de l'Oise à l'Aisne in Chauny.

The first part was built between Chauny and Saint-Simon  in 1738. Napoleon opened the second part in April 1810.

References

Canals in France
A slave market is a market where slaves are bought and sold. These markets had a special role in the history of slavery.

Ottoman Empire 

In the Ottoman Empire during the mid-14th century, slaves were traded in special marketplaces called "Esir" or "Yesir". These could be found in most cities.  It is said that Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" established the first Ottoman slave market in Constantinople in the 1460s, probably where the former Byzantine slave market had stood. According to Nicolas de Nicolay, there were slaves of all ages, and both sexes; the wew displayed naked, so that possible buyers could check them thououghly.

In the early 18th century, the Crimean Khanate  had a massive  slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. They expöorted about  2 million slaves from Russia and Poland-Lithuania between 1500 and 700. Caffa (modern Feodosia) became one of the best-known and significant trading ports and slave markets.

References 

Slavery
Justin I (Latin: Iustinus; Greek: Ἰουστῖνος, c. 450 - 1 August 527) was an Eastern Roman Emperor from 9 July 518 - 1 August 537. Born to a peasant family, he rose through the ranks of the army and became Imperial Guard. When Emperor Anastasius died he was elected as his successor. His reign marked the beginning and founding of the Justinian dynasty that included his nephew Justinian I.

Byzantine emperors
450s births
520s deaths
The Scheldt–Rhine Canal (Schelde-Rijnkanaal) in Belgium and the Netherlands connects Antwerp with the Volkerak. Boats can get from the Scheldt to the Rhine.

References

Canals
"That's What Friends Are For" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach and first recorded by Rod Stewart. It was taken from the 1982 movie Night Shift. It was covered by Dionne Warwick, Elton John, Gladys Knight and Stevie Wonder for AIDS awareness. It went to number 1 in the United States, Canada and Australia, number 16 in the United Kingdom, number 3 in New Zealand and number 2 in South Africa. It won 2 Grammy Awards in 1987.

References

1982 songs
1980s ballads
Soul ballads
Rod Stewart songs
Dionne Warwick songs
Elton John songs
Stevie Wonder songs
The Boltzmann brain thought experiment suggests that it's more likely for a random brain (or even an entire body or galaxy) to spontaneously form with false memories in a vast, fluctuating universe than for the entire universe to develop as cosmologists believe. This idea is named after physicist Ludwig Boltzmann. It is used to challenge our assumptions about thermodynamics and the universe's evolution.

Thought
Philosophical concepts
Enrica Bianchi Colombatto (born 23 July 1942), usually known by her stage name of Erika Blanc, is an Italian actress.

Career
Blanc's most notable role was as the first fictional character Emmanuelle in Io, Emmanuelle (1969).  Blanc starred in several cult European horror movies. These include  The Third Eye (1966), Kill, Baby, Kill (1966), So Sweet... So Perverse (1969), The Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave (1971), The Devil's Nightmare (1971), The Red Headed Corpse (1972) and Mark of the Devil Part II (1973).

Her other movie credits include roles in Django Shoots First (1966), Long Arm of the Godfather (1972), Tony Arzenta (1973), The Stranger and the Gunfighter (1974), Eye of the Cat (1976) and Dream of a Summer Night (1983).

References

Italian actors
1942 births
Living people
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The Chorleywood bread process was invented at the British Baking Industries Research Association at Chorleywood in 1961.  Compared to traditional bread-making processes, it uses more yeast, added fats, chemicals, and high-speed mixing to allow the dough to be made with lower-protein wheat.  The bread is made in a shorter time.  In 2009, 80% of bread made in the United Kingdom was made this way. 

It uses dough conditioners. These are usually oxidizing agents such ascorbic acid or potassium bromate.The high-speed mixing process takes less than 5 minutes. The mixer operates at hundreds of revolutions per minute.

It has been criticised as producing unhealthy ultra-processed food.

References

Breads
Baking
Chorleywood is a village and a civil parish in the Three Rivers District, Hertfordshire.  It used to be  part of the parish of Rickmansworth.   11,286 people lived there at the 2011 census.  

In 2004 a study by the University of Oxford said Chorleywood was the “happiest place” to live in the UK.  In 2011 it was said to be  the “least deprived” area in the country by the Department of Communities and Local Government.

References

Villages in Hertfordshire
Civil parishes in Hertfordshire
Ahmet Baitursynuly (; 5 September 1872 — 8 December 1937) was a Kazakh poet who worked in politic, poetry, linguistics and education. He was arrested in 1937, for hiding "bourgeois nationalist sentiments", and executed.

Early life and education 
Baitursynuly was born on 5 September 1872, in Turgay Oblast and was educated from Orenburg Teachers' School. When he was 13 years old, police officers came to village and caused trouble. Ahmet's father and three of his brothers fought with Colonel Yakovlev, and as a punishment, they were sent to Siberia for 15 years.

References 

1872 births
1937 deaths
Kazakhstani writers
Ultra processed food is a classification in the NOVA food classification system. This system was developed by the Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro, with his team at the Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The system looks at food processing not foods types or nutrients -- which are used in most other food categorization systems. NOVA sorts foods into four categories:

 Unprocessed or minimally processed foods
 Processed culinary ingredients
 Processed foods
 Ultra processed food and drink products
Almost all food is processed in some way. The term ultra-processing refers to the processing of industrial ingredients derived from foods, for example by extruding, moulding, re-shaping, hydrogenation, and hydrolysis. Ultra-processed foods generally include additives like preservatives, sweeteners, sensory enhancers, colourants, flavours, and processing aids. Infant formula and medical food are also considered ultra-processed. Food additives are not always a marker of ultra-processed foods. Preservatives, for example antioxidant or nitrite, are permitted for category 3.

This classification system is not accepted by everyone.

“Chorleywood” process bread, ready meals, reconstituted meat and almost all breakfast cereals are generally thought to be ultra-processed. 

Ultra-processed food is generally cheap, so poor people eat a lot of it. 

There is evidence that eating a lot of it increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer.

References

Food and drink
New Romantic was a subculture that started in the  United Kingdom. It started in the late 1970s and continued into the early 1980s. Many early New Romantics went to nightclubs in London and Birmingham like Billy's and the Blitz. 

English culture
On 25 July 1668, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake struck Shandong, Qing dynasty, with an depth of 25 km. The maximum Mercalli intensity was XII (Extreme). This earthquake caused massive devastation, leading to the loss of an estimated 43,000 to 50,000 peoples.

References 

1668
Earthquakes in China
History of China
Roslavl () is a town in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. In 2010, 54,900 people lived there.

Cities and towns in Russia
Smolensk Oblast
Tharman Shanmugaratnam  (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician and economist. He is the President of Singapore since 2023. 

He was Senior Minister of Singapore between 2019 and 2023. He was also the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies between 2015 and 2023, and Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 2011 and 2023.

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced his plans to run for president in the 2023 presidential election. He was elected on 2 September 2023 in a landslide victory, winning 70.40% of the vote.

Early life and education 
Tharman was born in the Colony of Singapore in 1957. He studied at the Anglo-Chinese School. When he was studying there, he was not interested in his studies and was not disciplined. However, he liked to read and tried out poetry. During his time at Anglo-Chinese School, he created four poets with his schoolmates. Also, he was interested in sports and spent most of his time playing sports. He even joined his school's hockey team.
Then, he attended the London School of Economics (LSE),  graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.

After getting his bachelor's, Tharman went on to study at Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge. There, he completed a Master of Philosophy degree in economics. 

Tharman then became a student at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, where he finished a Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree. He was a student activist there. He explored left-wing politics, as he did not agree with the ruling People's Action Party back in Singapore.

Tharman was a recipient of the Lucius N. Littauer Fellows Award. The award is given to students with MPA's who showed academic excellence and leadership.In 2011, the LSE gave him an Honorary Fellowship.

Early career 
Tharman began his working career at the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) in 1982, where he worked as an economist. 

He later left MAS and joined Ministry of Education as Senior Deputy Secretary for Policy.
He returned to the MAS in 1997. He became its managing director in 2001. He resigned at MAS to contest in the 2001 Singaporean general election.

Parliamentary career 
Tharman participated in the 2001 Singaporean general election. He contested as part of a People's Action Party candidate with a five-member team at Jurong GRC. The team won 79.75% of the vote. After joining Parliament, he was appointed Senior Minister of State for Trade and Industry and Senior Minister of State for Education.

In August 2003, he became part of the cabinet after he was made Minister of Education.

During the 2006 Singaporean general election, he kept his seat in Parliament. The team won with an uncontested walkover since there were no opponents. He was made Second Minister of Finance. In December 2007, he became the Minister of Finance. In March 2008, he stopped being Minister of Education.
During the 2011 Singaporean general election, he kept his seat in Parliament. The team won with 66.96% of the vote. He was made Deputy Prime Minister. He was also made Minister of Manpower.

In July 2012, he stopped being Minister of Manpower.

During the 2015 Singaporean general election, he kept his seat in Parliament. Jurong GRC led by Tharman, won 79.3% of the vote. His team's constituency got the highest percentage of votes, compared to other constituencies. After the election, he stopped being Minister of Finance. He was made Coordinating Minister for Social Policies (known then as Coordinating Minister for Social and Economic Policies).

After the election, many people wanted him to be the next Prime Minister (PM), but Tharman refused. He said, "I'm good at policymaking, I'm good at advising my younger colleagues, and at supporting the PM - not at being the PM. That's not me."
On 23 April 2019, it was announced that both Tharman will be made Senior Ministers from 1 May 2019 because of a Cabinet reshuffle. He will stop being Deputy Prime Minister. However, Tharman will stay as the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies.

During the 2020 Singaporean general election, he kept his seat in Parliament. Tharman led his Jurong GRC team and got 74.62% of the vote. Once again, his team's constituency got the highest percentage of votes.

In July 2023, Tharman stepped down as a Member of Parliament and his government positions. He also resigned as a member of the People's Action Party. He did that to become a candidate in the 2023 Singaporean presidential election.

Presidency

2023 election
Tharman first announced his plan to become a candidate in the 2023 Singaporean presidential election on 8 June 2023. He announced that he will leave Parliament and the People's Action Party on 7 July.
After leaving Parliament and the People's Action Party, he increased preparation for the presidential election. On 26 July 2023, Tharman launched his presidential campaign. He announced his campaign slogan, which is called "Respect for All".

On 18 August 2023, he was confirmed to be able to run for presidency after he was given the Certificate of Eligibility.

On 2 September 2023, Tharman was announced as the next president after getting 70.40% of the vote. He was elected as the ninth president of Singapore. He is the first non-Chinese presidential candidate to win in a contested presidential election in Singapore and has gotten the highest vote count in Singapore's presidential election history. He was made President on 14 September 2023.

Notes

References

1957 births
Living people
Presidents of Singapore
Economists
Current national leaders
Miehikkälä is a municipality in  Kymenlaakso, Finland. As of 28 February 2023, 1,784 people lived there, which makes it the smallest municipality in the region by population. Neighbouring municipalities are Hamina, Kouvola, Lappeenranta, Luumäki and Virolahti.

Most people speak Finnish.

Other websites 

 Municipality of Miehikkälä – Official website 

Municipalities of Kymenlaakso
Virolahti () is a municipality in Kymenlaakso, Finland. It is on the border with Russia. As of 28 February 2023, 2,979 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Hamina and Miehikkälä.

Other websites 

 Municipality of Virolahti – Official website 

Municipalities of Kymenlaakso
Airai, located on the southern coast of Babeldaob island, is the second-most populous state of Palau. It contains the country's chief airport, Roman Tmetuchl International Airport, and is connected by the Koror–Babeldaob Bridge to nearby Koror Island. Its capital, largest village and third largest village of Palau is the village of the same Name Airai.

States of Palau
Centerfield is a city in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Fountain Green is a city in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Ngaremlengui is a west Palauan state. Though it has the lowest density of the country's 16 states it has the largest area and the seventh highest population. The state is divided into the three villages Ngchemesed, Ngermetengel and the capital Imeong.

States of Palau
Gunnison is a city in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Moroni is a city in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Spring City is a city in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Fayette is a town in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Mayfield is a town in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Sterling is a town in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Wales is a town in Sanpete County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
The Evil Queen (also known as the Wicked Queen, Queen Grimhilde, Queen Ingrid, the witch or the hag) is a fictional character who is the antagonist of the fairy tale Snow White (written by the Brothers Grimm) and its many variations.

Character 
The exact personality of the Evil Queen is different depending on which version of the story is being told but one thing always remains the same: she is obsessed with beauty. 

In the story, she is the stepmother of Snow White. In some versions, she married Snow White's father (the King) so that she could become Queen and kill him. The Evil Queen is jealous of Snow White because she is told that the princess is more beautiful than her.

Character biography
The Evil Queen owns a magic mirror, which one day informs her that her young stepdaughter Princess Snow White has surpassed her in beauty. The Queen orders her Huntsman to take the princess into the forest and murder her. However, the Huntsman takes pity on Snow White, and instead, brings the Queen the lungs and liver of a wild boar. The Queen has the cook prepare the lungs and liver and she eats what she believes are Snow White's organs.

While questioning her mirror again, the Queen discovers that Snow White is still alive. Intending to kill Snow White herself, she takes the disguise of an old hag. She sells Snow White laces for a corset that she laces too tight in an attempt to suffocate the girl. When that fails, the Queen returns as a comb seller and tricks Snow White into using a poisoned comb. When the comb, too, fails to kill Snow White, the Queen again visits Snow White disguised as a farmer's wife and gives Snow White a poisoned apple. She eats the poisoned apple and falls into a deep sleep.
Snow White is awakened by the Prince from another kingdom, and they invite the Queen to their wedding. There, she is forced to put on red-hot iron shoes and "dance" until she dies.

Different versions of the Evil Queen's defeat 
In some versions of the story, the Evil Queen's death varies depending on the story. In more modern times, the Evil Queen no longer dies due to dancing in red-hot iron shoes. Some versions say she died from anger after finding out Snow White survived the apple while others have Snow White forgive the Queen.

Adaptations 

The Evil Queen appears in many variations of the story but her most famous appearance is in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a Disney movie. 

Here, her character remains largely the same except she is specified to also be a witch. In the Disney movie, the Evil Queen transforms into a hag using magic and travels to give Snow White a poisoned apple, which she eats and dies. The Evil Queen is then chased by the Seven Dwarfs and falls off a cliff.
In the 2024 remake, she will be portrayed by Gal Gadot.

Sources 

Disney characters
Villains
Aurora is a city in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Monroe is a city in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Salina is a city in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Cities in Utah
Annabella is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Central Valley is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Elsinore is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Glenwood is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Joseph is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Koosharem is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Redmond is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Sigurd is a town in Sevier County, Utah, United States.

Towns in Utah
Callao is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States.

Cities in Missouri
Emery is a town in Emery County, Utah, United States. 288 people lived here at the 2010 census.

References 

Towns in Utah
The Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is an anadromous (reproduce up rivers) parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. It is a member of the Petromyzontidae family. The Pacific lamprey is also known as the three-tooth lamprey.

Description
Pacific lampreys grow to about  as adults. They move from the ocean up rivers to reproduce. and reproduce once before dying. They have thin, long bodies with two fins on its back starting far back on the body. The anal fins are simple and the lower lobe of the tail fin is larger than the upper lobe and both lobes are joined with the dorsal fin and the anal fin. Adults living in the sea are a bluish-black or greenish colour above and pale below, but those in fresh water are brown. This species is known for having three (or occasionally two) sharp teeth. The Pacific lamprey are often found at sea or often far offshore. At sea, depth: near surface to 1,508 m (4,946 ft)

References
Michurinsk () is a town in Tambov Oblast, Russia. In 2010, 98,758 people lived there. It is the second largest town in Tambov Oblast by population.

Cities and towns in Russia
Tambov Oblast
Assago ( or ) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the northern Italian region of Lombardy.

References 

Comunes in the Metropolitan City of Milan
Arconate is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

References 

Comunes in the Metropolitan City of Milan
Albairate is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

References 

Comunes in the Metropolitan City of Milan
Baranzate is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Lombardy region in Italy.

References 

Comunes in the Metropolitan City of Milan
Basiano is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

References 

Comunes in the Metropolitan City of Milan
Cambiago () is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

References 

Comunes in the Metropolitan City of Milan
The Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) is a species of marlin that lives in the Atlantic Ocean. It is closely related to, and usually considered the same as, the Indo-Pacific blue marlin, then simply called blue marlin. Some authorities consider both species different.

The Atlantic blue marlin (blue marlin) feeds on a wide variety of animals near the surface. It uses its bill to stun, injure, or kill while moving through a school of fish or other prey, then returns to eat the injured or stunned fish. Marlin is a popular game fish. The high fat content of its meat makes it commercially valuable in certain markets as food. It is the national fish of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and is featured on its coat of arms.

Blue marlin are distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean.  A bluewater fish that spends the majority of its life in the open sea far from land,
They are sought after as a highly prized game fish by anglers and are also caught by commercial fishermen, both as a directed catch and as bycatch in major industrial tuna fisheries.  Blue marlin are currently considered a threatened species by the IUCN due to overfishing, particularly in the international waters off the coast of Portugal where they migrate to breed in the June/July months. Some other historic English names for the blue marlin are  Cuban black marlin,  ocean gar, and ocean guard.

References

Istiophoriformes
Xploration Station is a E/I programming block that aired on Fox on September 13, 2014. it aired on weekends ( mostly Saturday mornings ) and it was aimed mostly at teenagers, the block contained 4 ( later 7 ) half-hour shows focusing on STEM ( Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics )

Programming

Current Programming

Former Programming 

Television programming blocks in the United States
Mordovia (; ; ), officially the Republic of Mordovia, is a republic of Russia. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of 2010, 834,755 people lived in the republic.

Notes

References 

Republics of Russia
Dourdan is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

References 

Communes in Essonne
Ngaraard is a state of Palau and is located in the north of Babeldaob. It consists of the five villages Ngebuked, Ngkeklau, Chol, Chelab and the capital Ulimang. A population of nearly 400 inhabitants makes it Palau’s fourth most populous state.

States of Palau
Ngardmau is a Palauan state and is located in the northwest of the country's main island Babeldaob. Though it's Palau's sixth largest state by area it's the fourth least populous one. There are three settlements, Ngerutoi, Ngetbong and the capital Urdmang.

States of Palau
Rock of the Westies is the tenth studio album by Elton John and was released on 20 October 1975. It topped the album charts in Canada and the United States. It went to the top 10 in Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Track listing 
 

 Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–9 on CD reissues.

References 

1975 albums
Elton John albums
Kloulklubed is the capital of the state of Peleliu and the fourth largest town in Palau, after Koror, Meyuns and Airai.

Settlements in Palau
Sonsorol is a state of Palau. It is southwest of the main island Babeldaob and is by area just like population Palau's third smallest state. Only Hatohobei and Kayangel are still smaller. The capital is Dongosaro.

States of Palau
{{Speciesbox
| image =SaurabhSawant Raorchestes-sushili Munnar MG 0280.jpg
| status =CR
| status_ref =
| status_system = IUCN3.1Q
| taxon = Raorchestes sushili
| authority =(Biju and Bossuyt, 2009) 
| range_map =
|synonyms=*Philautus sushili Biju and Bossuyt, 2009Pseudophilautus sushili Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009Raorchestes sushili Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, and Bossuyt, 2010
| synonyms_ref=
}}

Sushil's bush frog (Raorchestes sushili'') is a frog.  It lives in India.  Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Valaparai in the Western Ghat mountains.

First paper

References

Frogs of Asia
Dark Paradise is a song by singer and songwriter, Lana Del Rey from her album, Born to Die. It is from her 2nd studio album, in 2012.

Lana Del Rey songs
"Gospel" is a song by  Indonesian rapper Rich Brian, South Korean rapper Keith Ape, and American rapper XXXTentacion. It was released on May 12, 2017. 

The song was able to make it to #4 on the New Zealand Heatseekers and #7 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles charts. It was also certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

In the song, X and Keith rap about assaulting and killing their enemies. Brain, Keith and X also rap about having sex with many women and how rich and successful they are.
During a Genius interview, Brian talked about how the song was created and when the verses were recorded, explaining: "I followed X on Twitter, and I mentioned him on something. My manager was like, “Oh, you fuck with X?” And then, I’m like, “Yeah. Of course.” X is actually friends with Ronny J, and I was friends with Ronny J at the time. I still am. Ronny J just FaceTimed me. They were together, and X was like, “Oh, what’s up dude? I know you.” And I was like, “Oh shit. That’s cool.” X recorded his verse right there. Ronny J already had the beat. I picked it out, because it was super cool, and I liked it. X got on it, and then after a while, the whole shit happened where he went to jail and stuff. So, we sat on the track a little bit. Then Keith Ape was like, “Yo, can I get on that?” And I was like, “Of course.” Because, everybody was like, “You should collaborate with Keith ape! You guys are both fucking Asian and shit.” Alright, whatever. Let’s do it. So, I was down
. So, I was down. And then, X got out of jail, and he’d already had his verse on the song. Then Keith recorded his verse. I actually recorded my verse last."
References

Other websites

2017 songs
XXXTentacion songs
Hip hop songs