Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The city of Bridgetown is the capital and largest city of the nation of Barbados.  It was called the Town of Saint Michael.  It is in the parish of Saint Michael. Bridgetown is sometimes locally called "The City", but more common is simply "Town".

The Bridgetown port, found along Carlisle Bay, is on the southwestern coast of the island.  The Grantley Adams International Airport for Barbados, is  southeast of Bridgetown city centre.

The present day location of the city was set by English settlers in 1628.  This was after settlement at St. James Town. Bridgetown is a major West Indies tourist destination.  On 25 June 2011, Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison were added as a World Heritage Site of UNESCO.

Bridgetown is the only city outside continental North America that George Washington visited.

English settlement of Bridgetown began on 5 July 1628 under Charles Wolverstone.

Climate

References
References

World Heritage Sites in North America
National capitals in North America
Cities in the Caribbean
Geography of Barbados
1628 establishments
17th-century establishments in the British Empire
The hurricane belt is an area in the Atlantic Ocean which is likely to get hurricanes during the Atlantic hurricane season.

Atlantic Ocean
Grantley Adams International Airport (GAIA),  is in Seawell, Christ Church on the island of Barbados. The former name of the airport was Seawell Airport.  Then it was named in honour of the first Premier of Barbados, Sir Grantley Herbert Adams in 1976. GAIA is the only port of entry for persons arriving and leaving by air in Barbados.

In 2011, the Grantley Adams Airport was the 9th busiest airport in the Caribbean region.

References

Barbados
Airports in North America
The national flag of Barbados was started on 30 November 1966.  That was the island's first Independence Day.  It has a triband of two bands of ultramarine.  These are said to stand for the ocean.  The middle band is golden. This is for the sand on the island. A black trident-head is centred in the golden band.  The broken lower part is a symbolic break from its status as a colony. The three points of the trident are for the three principles of democracy - 1) government of, 2) for, and 3) by the people. 

The design for the flag was made by Grantley W. Prescod.  There was an open competition put on by the Barbados government. Over a thousand entries were received.

References

Barbados
1966 establishments in Barbados
National symbols of Barbados
The NME Awards is a yearly music awards show in the United Kingdom.  It was started by the music magazine, NME (New Musical Express).  The first awards show was held in 1953.  

At first it was called the NME Poll Winners Concerts. These continued through until 1972. The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were most commonly featured. 

The awards began again in 1994 as the NME Brat Awards.  This was a pun on the BRIT Awards.

Major winners
Note: This list only includes winners of major awards (e.g. Best Album, Best British Band, Best Track, etc.)

1995 – Oasis (3 awards)
1996 – Oasis (4 awards)
1999 – Manic Street Preachers (4 awards)
2000 – Blur (3 awards)
2001 – Coldplay (2 awards)
2002 – The Strokes (3 awards)
2003 – Coldplay (2 awards)
2005 – Franz Ferdinand (2 awards)
2006 – Arctic Monkeys (3 awards)
2007 – Arctic Monkeys (2 awards)
2008 – Arctic Monkeys (3 awards)
2009 – MGMT (2 awards)
2010 – Muse and Kasabian (2 awards)
2011 – My Chemical Romance (2 awards)
2012 – Florence and the Machine (2 awards)
Music awards
British music
On May 18, 2012 the band performed the song "One More Night" in Atlantic City publicly for the first time. It was announced on May 22nd that it would serve as the album's second single before the time of the album's release on June 26, 2012. And the third and fourth singles of the album were "Daylight" and "Love Somebody".

Production 
The Maroon 5' members started writing the songs for Overexposed during their Hands All Over Tour.

Track listing
 "One More Night"
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa)
 "Daylight"
 "Lucky Strike"
 "The Man Who Never Lied"
 "Love Somebody"
 "Lady Killer"
 "Fortune Teller"
 "Sad"
 "Tickets"
 "Doin' Dirt"
 "Beautiful Goodbye"

Bonus tracks
 "Wipe Your Eyes"
 "Wasted Years"
 "Kiss" / "Let's Stay Together"
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa) (Cutmore Remix)	 
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa) (Supreme Cuts Remix)	 
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa) (The Others Remix) (Preorder Only)
 "One More Night (The Sticky K. Remix)

Release history

2012 albums
Maroon 5 albums
The coat of arms of Barbados was started on independence in 1966.  Like other former British lands in the Caribbean, the coat of arms has a helmet with a national symbol on top.  It has a shield beneath that is supported by two animals.

The national symbol on top of the helmet is the fist of a Barbadian.  It is holding two stalks of sugar cane that are crossed to resemble St. Andrew's Cross. This is for the importance of the sugar.  Barbados has its national independence day on St. Andrew's Day.

The shield is gold in colour. On it are two of the national flower, and a single bearded fig tree. The shield is supported by a dolphin fish and pelican. They are for the fishing industry and Pelican Island.

At the bottom is Barbados' national motto "Pride and Industry" on a scroll.
Barbados

National symbols of Barbados
In Plenty and In Time of Need is the national anthem of the country of Barbados. It was written by Irving Burgie.  The music was written by C. Van Roland Edwards. As one part of the West Indies Federation Barbados' anthem was supposed to be Forged from the Love of Liberty.  The current anthem was made with Barbados' moves toward independence.  This song was then taken by Barbados when it became independent in 1966.

Lyrics
Lyrics

In plenty and in time of need,
When this fair land was young;
Our brave forefathers sowed the seed,
From which our pride was sprung.
A pride that makes no wanton boast,
Of what it has withstood;
That binds our hearts from coast to coast,
The pride of nationhood.
We loyal sons and daughters all,
Do hereby make it known;
These fields and hills beyond recall,
Are now our very own.
We write our names on history's page,
With expectations great;
Strict guardians of our heritage,
Firm craftsmen of our fate.
The Lord has been the people's guide,
For past three hundred years;
With Him still on the people's side,
We have no doubts or fears.
Upward and onward we shall go,
Inspired, exulting, free;
And greater will our nation grow,
In strength and unity.
We loyal sons and daughters all,
Do hereby make it known;
These fields and hills beyond recall,
Are now our very own.
We write our names on history's page,
With expectations great;
Strict guardians of our heritage,
Firm craftsmen of our fate.

References
References

National symbols of Barbados
North American anthems
The James-Lange Theory is a hypothesis about emotions. It is one of the earliest theories of emotion. The theory is that emotions come from the physiological response to what is happening around us.

It was developed independently by two 19th-century scholars, William James and Carl Lange. The basic idea of the theory is that physiological arousal triggers the experience of a specific emotion. The theory is that the physiological change is primary, and emotion is caused by the information from the body's nervous system.

The theory has been criticised and modified over the course of time. There are several competing theories.

References 

Emotions
Nurse Jackie is an American comedy-drama television series. It began on June 8, 2009. It is on Showtime, Movie Central and The Movie Network. It stars Edie Falco as an emergency room nurse at a hospital in New York City.

Main characters

References

Other websites 
Official website

2009 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
2000s American comedy television series
2000s American drama television series
2000s medical television series
2010s American comedy television series
2010s American drama television series
2010s comedy-drama television series
2010s medical television series
American comedy-drama television series
American medical television series
Black comedy television series
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Christ Church is a parish of Barbados. It has a land area of .  It is found at the southern end of the island.

The parish has the Sir Grantley Adams International Airport.  It also has the last remaining mangrove swamp in the country, the Graeme Hall Nature Sanctuary. Another notable area of Christ Church is Saint Lawrence Gap.  It is the most lively tourist area on the island. Many of the taverns and clubs in St. Lawrence are used by locals and tourists alike.

Notable persons
 Shirley Chisholm, the first black woman elected to the United States House of Representatives, lived in Christ Church with her maternal grandmother for a large part of her childhood.
 Doug E. Fresh, the famous beatboxer and rapper (prominent in the 80's and 90's) was born here.
 Jaicko Lawrence, contemporary pop music singer/songwriter.
 Jefferson Jones (cricketer) (1954- ), born at Christ Church before moving to England where he played cricket for Berkshire.
Parishes of Barbados
1627 establishments
17th-century establishments in the British Empire
Saint Andrew ("St. Andrew") is one of eleven parishes of Barbados. It is in the northern area in the country. Saint Andrew has the country's highest natural elevation, the  Mount Hillaby at the southern part of the parish.

The parish is named after the patron saint, Saint Andrew.  He is also the basis of the name for Barbados' highest national award "The Order of Saint Andrew".

During the colonial years under Britain, the British thought the area looked like the hills and fields of Scotland. Now is nicknamed the "Scotland District".

Saint Andrew is on the eastern coastline of Barbados.  There the Atlantic Ocean tends to be more turbulent. The parish is home to several natural reserves including the Turner's Hall Woods.

Parishes of Barbados
Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which females who previously were not having diabetes exhibit higher than normal levels of blood sugar while pregnant. The illness usually shows few signs/symptoms. It is usually found during pregnancy medical checks. Up to 16% of pregnant women are affected by GDM.  Pregnant women with family history of having diabetes and ethnic background have higher chances of getting the disease.  

Gestational diabetes is caused when a pregnant woman's body does not produce enough insulin, leading to higher than normal blood sugar levels. Some women with GDM are treated with drugs. However, healthy eating and regular exercise can help to lower the chances of getting GDM. 

It is still unclear what causes gestational diabetes. It may be due to the action of pregnancy hormones, blocking the action of insulin to its receptors. This prevents cells to take in glucose properly. This causes sugar to remain in blood, where it continues to rise.
Babies born to mothers with  gestational diabetes can have many problems, such as, being too large (which may make childbirth difficult), lower than normal blood glucose, or being born too early.  More serious problems include brain problems or dead before birth. In addition, women with gestational diabetes have higher risk of getting Type 2 diabetes (or, in fewer cases, Type 1 diabetes) after pregnancy.  

In most cases, children belonging to mothers having gestational diabetes are at higher risk of childhood obesity and Type 2 diabetes later in life. This can be stopped through healthy eating and regular  exercise.
Risk factors 
Common risk factors for developing gestational diabetes are: 
 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
 Having gestational diabetes previously 
 Family history with Type 2 Diabetes
 Mother's age-  risk increases with age (especially for women 35 years of age) 
 Ethicity: African-Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, Native Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and people originating from South Asia
 Being overweight or obese
 First child being born large (high birth weight). 
 Previous poor pregnancy experience  
 Smoking during pregnancy

Standard Medical Test 
A basic test is carried out during the first visit to the doctor during pregnancy. The doctor or nurse will ask certain questions to check if the mother is at high risk of getting gestational diabetes.   

Woman found with higher chance of getting GDM will be offered a blood glucose test. This allows the doctor to check the correct sugar levels in the mother's blood.
Prevention 
Light exercise and stop smoking during pregnancy can greatly help pregnant women to avoid getting GDM. 

Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
Diabetes mellitus
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. He served from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Mao Zedong and was an important leader in the Communist Party of China.

A skilled and able diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. He believed in getting along with Western countries after the Korean War. He participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and helped organize Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped make policies regarding the disagreements with the U.S., Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India and Vietnam. Zhou is best known as the long-time top aide to Mao Zedong. His specialty was foreign policy. Mao and Zhou's different personalities made them an effective team, according to Henry Kissinger, the American diplomat who dealt with both men.

1898 births
1976 deaths
Chinese politicians
Jean-Marc Ayrault (born 25 January 1950) is a French politician. He was the Prime Minister of France from 15 May 2012 to 31 March 2014. He was the Mayor of Nantes from 1989 to 2012. He was appointed prime minister by François Hollande following the defeat of the UMP president and the resignation of that government.

References 

1950 births
Living people
French mayors
Prime Ministers of France
French Roman Catholics
Government ministers of France
Politicians from Pays de la Loire
People from Maine-et-Loire‎
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Slade in Flame is a 1975 movie directed by Richard Loncraine. The story follows a band's rise to fame and their decline, showing the dark side of the music business.

The band released a soundtrack in late 1974 under the same name.

Other websites

1975 movies
The IEEAC is the corps of the Ingénieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile (Civil Aviation Operations Engineer). It is the sixth corps of the French civil aviation authorities in terms of numbers with 777 IEEAC out of 13,076 agents the 1st of July 2011.

The third-year training of IEEAC is performed at the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) of Toulouse.

They work for French civil aviation authorities.

References

Further reading 
 Ariane Gilotte, Jean-Philippe Husson et Cyril Lazerge, 50 ans d'Énac au service de l'aviation, Édition S.E.E.P.P, 1999
 ENAC’s Engineers 

Aviation licenses and certifications
Occupations in aviation
French Civil Aviation University
Joseph Monier (November 8, 1823, Saint-Quentin-la-Poterie, France—March 13, 1906, Paris) was a French gardener. He was one of the inventors of reinforced concrete.

Monier did experiments with iron-wire reinforcement for his cement and concrete tubs and basins. He made the idea in 1867 and put his invention on exhibition the same year at the Paris Exposition.

At the age of 17 (1840) he was hired by the Duke of Uzès to work in the gardens of the Duke's mansion in Paris. In 1846 he took a job at the famous Tuileries Gardes of Paris where he was responsible for the orangery. Here he began his work with concrete that would result in the invention of reinforced cement.

References 

French inventors
1823 births
1906 deaths
Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953) is an American politician and businessman. He served as the 29th Governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003. Johnson was the Libertarian Party nominee for the 2012 US presidential election.  He is well known for his low-tax libertarian views. On December 28, 2011 Johnson, withdrew his Republican campaign for president and joined the Libertarian Party as its candidate.

On January 6, 2016, Johnson announced that he is running for President again for the Libertarian party. He won the nomination on May 29, 2016, however lost the election to Donald Trump. In the election, Johnson won more votes than any other Libertarian candidate in history with 4.5 million votes.

In August 2018, Johnson became the Libertarian nominee for U.S. Senate of New Mexico in the 2018 election. He lost the election to incumbent Democrat Martin Heinrich.
Early life
Johnson was born in Minot, North Dakota. His father was Earl Johnson and his mother was Lorraine Bostow. He is of Danish, Norwegian and Ukrainian descent. He was raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He studied at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Governor of New Mexico (1995-2003)
Johnson entered politics for the first time by running for Governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a fiscally conservative, low-tax and anti-crime plan. He won the election beating the current governor Bruce King.
During his time as governor, Johnson became known for his low-tax libertarian views, following the policies of tax and bureaucracy reduction supported by a cost–benefit analysis rationale. He cut the 10% annual growth in the budget: in part, due to his use of the gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months in office. Johnson set state and national records for his use of veto and line-item veto powers, estimated to have been more than the other 49 contemporary governors combined, which gained him the nicknames "Veto Johnson" and "Governor Veto".

Johnson successfully sought re-election in 1998. In his second term, he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms, as well as campaigning for marijuana decriminalization and legalization, and opposition to the War on Drugs. Term limited, Johnson could not run for re-election at the end of his second term. He left office in 2003.

2012 presidential campaign
In April 2011, Johnson announced that he was running for President of the United States. He ran as a Republican. After poor polling numbers in Republican polls and not qualified to attend the debates, Johnson switched his political views and ran as a Libertarian. He beat Libertarian candidate R. Lee Wrights for the nomination at the convention. California Judge James P. Gray was his running mate.

In the 2012 United States presidential election, Johnson received 0.99% of the popular vote, a total of 1,275,971 votes. This was the best result in the Libertarian Party's history by raw vote number, though under the 1.1 percentage of the vote won by Ed Clark in 1980.

2016 presidential campaign

In an April 2014 Reddit "Ask Me Anything" session, Johnson stated that he hopes to run for president again in 2016. On whether he would run as a Libertarian or a Republican, he stated that "I would love running as a Libertarian because I would have the least amount of explaining to do."
In November 2014, Johnson said he wanted to run for the 2016 Libertarian nomination. Johnson resigned from his post as CEO of Cannabis Sativa, Inc. in January 2016 to pursue political opportunities, hinting to a 2016 presidential run.

On January 6, 2016, Johnson announced that we will run for president for the Libertarian Party nomination.

A poll done by Monmouth University to show who people wanted to win the election showed that Johnson was at 11%.

Johnson won the party's nomination on May 29, 2016 at the Libertarian Convention in Orlando, Florida.

In the election, Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27% of the total vote), which is the most for a third party presidential candidate since 1996 and the highest national vote share for a Libertarian candidate in history.
2018 U.S. Senate race
In late July of 2018, Johnson was thinking about running in the 2018 U.S. Senate race in New Mexico after Land Commissioner Aubrey Dunn Jr., was dropping out of the race. Dunn then formally withdrew from the race on July 30.

On August 4, Johnson was formally nominated by the Libertarian Party of New Mexico as Dunn's replacement.

Johnson formally launched his candidacy by accepting his party's nomination on August 14. However, Johnson lost the general election in a landslide to Democratic incumbent Martin Heinrich.

Personal life
Johnson was married to Dee Simms from 1997 until her death from heart disease in 2005. As of 2012, he has been engaged with Kate Prusack. They were together since 2009. Johnson has a daughter and a son.

References

Other websites

 
 Former official campaign website
 
 
 Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
1953 births
Living people
American activists
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
2012 United States presidential candidates
2016 United States presidential candidates
Governors of New Mexico
Writers from New Mexico
Writers from North Dakota
Politicians from North Dakota
People from Minot, North Dakota
Businesspeople from North Dakota
Businesspeople from New Mexico
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Menarche is the first menstrual cycle for female human beings. From medical and social perspectives it is often the central event of female puberty, as it signals the possibility of fertility. Girls experience menarche at different ages. The timing for menarche is influenced via female biology, in addition to genetic and environmental issues, particularly nutritional factors. The average age of menarche for the United States is near 12.5 years and 12.75 years for Canada.

Female reproductive system
Vipers are a family of venomous snakes, the Viperidae. All have long, hinged fangs that dig deep into their prey and inject venom. The venom causes internal bleeding. There are four subfamilies of the Viperidae.

Description 
All vipers have a pair of long hollow fangs which are used to inject venom from glands found in the back of the upper jaws. The venom is a kind of protease, a destroyer of protein.

Almost all vipers have ridged scales, a well built body with a short tail and, to make room for the venom glands, a triangular-shaped head.  Their slit-shaped pupils can open wide to open most of the eye, or close almost completely.  This helps them to see in a wide range of light levels.  Vipers are nocturnal, meaning that they sleep in the day and wake up at night to go hunting.

Like other snakes, vipers are predators, meaning that they eat other animals. Their main diet is birds (including bird eggs), amphibians, such as frogs and toads, and other small reptiles like lizards and smaller snakes.
Reproduction 
Most viper species are ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young, but a few lay eggs. The word "viper" is derived from Latin vivo = "I live" and pario = "I give birth".

Where they live
Viper snakes are found in Americas, Africa, Eurasia. In the Americas they live from southern Canada, through the United States, Mexico, Central America, and into South America. The only type of viper which lives in the United Kingdom are the adders.

Subfamilies

Type genus = Vipera—Laurenti, 1768

References
Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi (1 April 1952 – 20 May 2012) was a Libyan man who was convicted for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Megrahi was the head of security for Libyan Arab Airlines, Libya's national airline, and was accused of being a spy. He was born in Tripoli.

Megrahi was the only person convicted in connection with bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which happened on 21 December 1988. He was held under armed guard in Libya from 1991 until 1999, when he was moved to the Netherlands. His trial began in May 2000 in a special court in the Netherlands. On 31 January 2001, he was convicted of 270 counts of murder. He was sentenced to life imprisonment.

He was held in Scottish prisons until he was released on compassionate grounds on 20 August 2009 because he had terminal prostate cancer. He returned to Tripoli that day and died of the disease there.

References 

Murderers
People from Tripoli
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
1952 births
2012 deaths
Anthony John Hancock (12 May 1924 – 24 June 1968) was a British comedian and actor. He worked on radio, on television and in movies. He was best known for appearing in the BBC radio comedy Hancock's Half Hour (1954–1961). He worked with comedian Sid James until 1960.

Hancock was born in Hall Green, Birmingham. He grew up in Bournemouth, Hampshire and was educated in Swanage, Dorset and Reading, Berkshire. 

Hancock was a depressed alcoholic. In 1968, killed himself with an overdose of amphetamines and vodka in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

References

Other websites
  

1924 births
1968 deaths
Actors from Birmingham
Actors who committed suicide
British radio actors
British screenwriters
Comedians from Hampshire
Comedians who committed suicide
Drug-related suicides
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Bournemouth
Suicides in Australia
Writers from Birmingham
Writers from Hampshire
Writers who committed suicide
was a   after Kankō and before Kannin.  This period started in December 1012 and ended in April 1017. The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Chōwa era
 1012 (Chōwa 1, 8th month): Emperor Sanjō marries a daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga.  Michinaga was the kampuku in the court hierarchy.
 1016 (Chōwa 4, 11th month): A great fire broke out in the Imperial palace; and it was reduced to cinders.
 10 March 1016 (Chōwa 5, 29th day of the 1st month): In the 5th year of Emperor Sanjō's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by a cousin.  Soon after, Emperor Go-Ichijō's role as monarch was confirmed in ceremonies (sokui).

Related pages 
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a   after Chōwa and before Jian.  This period spanned the years from April 1017 through February 1021. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Kannin era
 5 June 1017 (Kannin 1, 9th day of the 5th month): Former-Emperor Sanjō died at the age of 42.
 22 January 1018 (Kannin 2, 3rd day of the 1st month): The emperor celebrated his coming-of-age ceremony.

Related pages 
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a , also known as Chi'an,  after Kannin and before Manju.  This period started in February 1021 and ended in July 1024. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Jian era
 1023 (Jian 3, 4th month): A major epidemic in Kyoto; disease spread throughout the country.
 1023 (Jian 3, 10th month): Fujiwara no Michinaga visited Mount Koya.
 29 December 1023 (Jian 3, 14th day of the 11th month): a lunar eclipse.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Tawang district is one of the 16 Districts of Arunachal Pradesh in the North-east India. The area is historically Tibetan territory and is claimed by China as a part of South Tibet. It is the eighth least populous district in the country (out of 640).

References 

Tibet
Territorial disputes of China
Arunachal Pradesh
Clara Petacci (28 February 1912 – 28 April 1945) was the last mistress of Benito Mussolini, who was 28 years older. She was born in Rome. 

Mussolini tried to escape to Switzerland, with some of his helpers. After being captured Petacci was given an opportunity to flee, which she declined. She was shot, with the other prisoners.The bodies were then hung head down in Milan.

References

Other websites

1912 births
1945 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Italy
People from Rome
Filippo Raciti (17 January 1967–2 February 2007) was an Italian police officer who was killed in a fight between Calcio Catania fans outside a stadium in Catania. Raciti's death was in the news around the world. All of the Italian football matches, even the national team, were suspended for a week.

References 

1967 births
2007 deaths
Police officers
People from Catania
Natural law is the idea that there are forms of law that exist by themselves in nature, regardless of whether people exist or recognise them or not. Unlike other forms of law (called positive laws) that have been agreed on by society, such laws would be given to all, and would not be possible to go against. Such rights are called natural. In modern times, human rights are often seen as coming from natural law, but the idea goes back to Ancient Greece.

Natural law is often founded on the following:
God, who created natural law with creating the world
Logos, an idea from philosophy; this is interpreted to be divine law
Part of natural law inside human beings (called Self-knowledge, sometimes conscience)
Certain laws that can be deduced from the natural sciences
Nature itself
Reason

Important philosophers who developed natural law include Aristotle, Plato, Seneca the Younger, Thomas Aquinas, and Immanuel Kant. People who criticized this approach include Jeremy Bentham and Hans Kelsen.
Related pages
Constitution
Jurisprudence
Rechtsstaat

Types of law
Philosophy
Robert Lee Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Chicago and raised in the community area of Roseland, Chicago.

Zemeckis directed Romancing the Stone, Back to the Future, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Back to the Future Part II, Back to the Future Part III, Death Becomes Her, Forrest Gump, Contact, What Lies Beneath, Cast Away, The Polar Express, and A Christmas Carol.

References

Other websites 

1952 births
Living people
American television directors
American television producers 
American television writers
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
In American and Canadian football, a guard (G) is a player that lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team.

The guard's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming defensive line and linebackers during pass plays, as well as creating openings (holes) for the running backs to run through. 

American football positions
Center (C) is a position in American football and Canadian football.  The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team's offense.  The center is also the player who passes (or "snaps") the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play.

Besides that centers protect the quarterback and block for the running back during a play.

American football positions
Joseph Epstein (born January 9, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American academic, writer and editor.  He is best known as an editor of The American Scholar from 1975 to 1997.  He was given the National Humanities Medal in 2003.
Selected works
In an summary based on writings by and about Joseph Epstein, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 60+ works in 135 publications in 6 languages and 21,000+ library holdings.
Divorced in America: Marriage in an Age of Possibility (1974)
Familiar Territory: Observations on American Life (1979)
Ambition: The Secret Passion (1980)
Middle of My Tether: Familiar Essays (1983)
Plausible Prejudices: Essays on American Writing (1985)
Once More Around the Block: Familiar Essays (1987)
Partial Payments: Essays on Writers and Their Lives (1988)
A Line Out for a Walk: Familiar Essays (1991)
Pertinent Players: Essays on the Literary Life (1993)
With My Trousers Rolled: Familiar Essays (1995)
Life Sentences: Literary Essays (1997)
Narcissus Leaves the Pool: Familiar Essays (1999, paperback 2007)
Snobbery: The American Version (2002)
Envy (2003)
Friendship: An Exposé (2006)
Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy's Guide (2006)
In a Cardboard Belt!: Essays Personal, Literary, and Savage (2007)
Fred Astaire (2008)
Fred Astaire (2008)
Gossip: The Untrivial Pursuit (2011)
Honors
 National Humanities Medal, 2003

References

1937 births
Living people
Writers from Chicago
Ross Shor Lynch (born on December 29, 1995) is an actor, singer, instrumentalist and dancer U.S. of Littleton, Colorado. He is most recognised for playing Austin Moon in the musical comedy of Disney Channel, Austin & Ally. He is a the key vocalist in his family band, R5 , which includes his two older brothers Rocky, Riker and only sister Rydel. His brother, Riker Lynch, has a minor recurring character in the hit series Glee.
Personal life 
Ross Lynch was born and raised in Littleton, Colorado and is the fourth son of Mark and Stormie Lynch. He, with his brothers and sister, are members of the hit band R5. He was educated at home from the fourth grade and only attended a music/singing class in which they found their fifth and final member of the band, Ellington Ratliff. After his oldest brother  had taken a liking to the bass guitar, He decided to also practice and thus the band had formed. He grew up imitating the songs of the movie Grease and former band 'N Sync with his brothers. The Teen heart-throb is one of five children, with three brothers and a sister (Riker, Ryland, Rocky, Rydel). In 2007, he moved with his family to California to pursue his career, which is where he gained his Disney career and later met his girlfriend, Courtney Eaton, an Australian model and actress.
Career 
Ross Lynch has appeared in over 20 national commercials and several national campaigns and print advertising. R5 has also been featured in a series of music videos such as Hannah Montana on Disney Channel ,Kidz Bop and Kung Fu Panda. Ross can play piano, drums, guitar and the violin. In his Disney days he danced for The Rage Boyz Crew
, a group founded by a dance company in the Southern California. He has appeared in So You Think You Can Dance and has had guest appearances on the series Moises Rules!, And can even be see in the movie Grapple!  Anton Troy.

Ross Lynch starred in the Disney Channel Original Series, Austin & Ally, in which he played a confident and charismatic singer Austin Moon, half of a musical duo that became a teen sensation (and heart-throb) on the Internet.

Ross plays rhythm guitar in his family band R5 and has written Many original songs with his brothers, sister and family friend.

Filmograph

Tour

Tour

Other websites 
 
 
 
 Ross Lynch at TV Guide
1995 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Colorado
Tramar Lacel Dillard (born September 16, 1979)  better known by his stage name  Flo Rida  is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. Some of his hit singles are "Low", "Club Can't Handle Me", "Good Feeling", "Wild Ones", and "Whistle". 

He is known for pairing up with Taio Cruz, David Guetta, Sia, and T-Pain. He also made famous songs with Alexandra Burke and Olly Murs. In 2021, he represented San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 alongside Senhit.

Dillard is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Barack Obama's re-election.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
Other websites

Living people
1979 births
African-American rappers
American dance musicians
American hip hop singers
American pop singers
Atlantic Records artists
Rappers from Florida
Democrats (United States)
People's Choice Award winners
American actors
American songwriters
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Musicians from Miami
Pseudonyms
Singers from Miami
Twin people from the United States
Pop rappers
Bram Cohen (born October 12, 1975) is an American computer programmer. He made the first torrent client, called BitTorrent.

References

Living people
1975 births
American computer scientists
American Jews
Scientists from San Francisco
American bloggers
Icy Tower is a freeware computer game. It involves a small avatar (or character) with a winter hat, jumping across platforms in an icy tower. The goal of the game is to climb as high as you can up the tower.

The game was released in 2001. It was pretty successful and is known for its fast game pace and funny sounds.

Freeware games
2001 video games
Platform games
In France, the corps of Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile (TSEEAC, Civil aviation opérations Technicians) of the French civil aviation authorities is a B-class job on the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing.

Also called TSA fonctionnaires (TSA civil servants), perform a two-year training at the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university).

TSEEAC can do many jobs at the French civil aviation authorities (DGAC) : technical assistant, aerodrome air traffic controller, ramp manager (at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport), aeronautical information operator, officer of the regional offices of information and assistance in flight, investigation assistant, ...
History 
The corps of TSEEAC has several name changes since the 1960s :
 1962 : TNA : Technicien de la Navigation Aérienne (Air navigation Technician) including the operations air traffic controller and the Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel.
 1964 : scission of the corps: the corps of the TNA remains, despite the departure of air traffic controllers and electricians, respectively to the new corps of "Officiers Contrôleurs de la Circulation Aérienne" (OCCA) - became air traffic controller after that - dans those of electricians - became Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel.
 1975 : TNA becomes TAC, Techniciens de l'Aviation Civile (Civil aviation technicians).
 1993 : TEEAC : Technicien des Etudes et d'Exploitation de l'Aviation Civile.
 2000 : TSEEAC : Technicien Supérieur des Etudes et d'Exploitation de l'Aviation Civile.
 2011 : The initial training at ENAC of TSEEAC is opened to non civil servant and renamed  TSA (Technicien supérieur de l'aviation).
Related pages 
 Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (TSA)
 Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (civilian) (TSA civil)

References

Further reading 
 Ariane Gilotte, Jean-Philippe Husson et Cyril Lazerge, 50 ans d'Énac au service de l'aviation, Édition S.E.E.P.P, 1999
 Décret n°93-622 du 27 mars 1993 concerning the corps of techniciens supérieurs des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile
 TSEEAC on ENAC website 

Occupations in aviation
French Civil Aviation University
Aviation licenses and certifications
Air traffic control
Babak () is an Iranian name coming from the Middle Persian Pāpak. Babak means "father" in Persian.

People 

 Babak Khorramdin, director (1974-2021)

Notes

References

Given names
Persian language
On the Buses is a British sitcom set in fictional Luxton in Essex. It ran from 28 February 1969 until 6 May 1973.

The show stars Reg Varney as bus driver Stan Butler, Bob Grant as his conductor and best friend Jack Harper and Stephen Lewis as their inspector Blakey. Anna Karen plays Stan's sister Olive Rudge and Michael Robbins plays her husband Arthur Rudge. The role of Stan's widowed mother Mabel Butler was played by Cicely Courtneidge in series 1 and by Doris Hare in the other series.

Other websites 

1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
1973 television series endings
1960s British television series
1960s sitcoms
1970s British sitcoms
1970s British workplace television series
1970s workplace comedy television series
British workplace comedy television series
Essex
Television series about families
Television series about friendship
English-language television programs
Hyperactivity (word derived from  "hyper" and  "to act") can be described as a physical state. 

People who have it can not control their overactive behavior and are abnormally active.

References 

Human behavior
Symptoms
was a  after Jian and before Chōgen.  This period started in July 1024 and ended in July 1028. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Manju era
 1024 (Manju 1): Fujiwara no Kintō withdrew from his public duties; and he retired to Kitayama in the north of Kyoto. 
 4 May 1026 (Manju 3, 15th day of the 4th month): a partial lunar eclipse. 
 1027 (Manju 4): Fujiwara no Michinaga died at age 62.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Amy Heckerling (born May 7, 1954) is an American movie director. Her movies include: Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Johnny Dangerously, National Lampoon's European Vacation, Look Who's Talking, Look Who's Talking Too, Look Who's Talking Now, Clueless, A Night at the Roxbury and Loser. 

Heckerling was born in The Bronx and spent her childhood there, before moving to Queens.

Other websites 

1954 births
Living people
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City 
Screenwriters from New York City
Writers from the Bronx
was a  after Manju and before Chōryaku.  This period started in 1028 and ended in April 1037.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Chōgen era
 15 May 1036 (Chōgen 9, 17th day of the 4th month): In the 9th year of Go-Ichijō's reign, the emperor died; and the succession (senso) was received by a his son.

 1036 (Chōgen 9, 7th month): Emperor Go-Suzaku's role as monarch was confirmed in ceremonies (sokui).

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a  after Chōgen and before Chōkyū.  This period spanned the years from April 1037 through 1040.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Chōryaku era
 1037 (Chōryaku 1, 2nd day of the 7th month): The eldest son of Emperor Go-Suzaku (Prince Chikihito, who was would become Emperor Go-Reizei) has his coming of age ceremony.
 1037 (Chōryaku 1, 17th day of the 8th month): Go-Suzaku formally names Chikihito as his heir and Crown Prince.
 1038 (Chōryaku 2, 1st day of the 9th month): Fujiwara no Chikaie was killed by a servant during an  attempted robbery; and all the greats of the Fujiwara went into mourning.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Mercenary is a heavy metal band from Aalborg, Denmark.

Band members

Current
Martin Buus - Lead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (since 2002)
Jakob Mølbjerg - rhythm guitar (since 1995)
René Pedersen - Bass guitar, vocals (syne 2006)
Peter Mathiesen - drums (since 2011)

Former
 Nikolaj Brinkman (lead guitar 1993-2000)
 Signar Petersen (lead guitar 2000-2002) 
 Hans Jørgen Andersen (rhythm guitar 1991-1993)
 Henrik "Kral" Andersen (bass 1993-2006, also harsh vocals 1991-2006, lead guitar 1991-1993) 
 Andreas W. Hansen (bass 1991-1993)
 Jakob Johnsen (drums 1991-1993)
 Rasmus Jacobsen (drums 1992-2002)
 Mike Park Nielsen (drums 2002-2009)
 Morten Sandager (keybuird 2002-2009)
 Mikkel Sandager (vocals 2002-2009)
 Morten Løwe (drums 2009-2011)

Discography

Studio albums
 First Breath (1998)
 Everblack (2002)
 11 Dreams (2004)
 The Hours that Remain (2006)
 Architect of Lies (2008)
 Metamorphosis (2011)
 Through Our Darkest Days (2013)

EPs
 Supremacy (1996)

Compilations
 Mercenary (2006)
Demos
 Domicile (1993)
 Gummizild (1994)

Videography

 Firesoul (from 11 Dreams)
 My World is Ending (from The Hours that Remain)
 Isolation (from Architect of Lies)
 The Endless Fall (from Architect of Lies)

Other websites 

Official Mercenary website
Mercenary Myspace

Danish heavy metal bands
Death metal bands
Melodic death metal bands
Power metal bands
Thrash metal bands
Musical groups established in 1991
1990s establishments in Denmark
1991 establishments in Europe
Accept is a heavy metal band from Solingen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was formed in 1968 by Udo Dirkschneider. The band played an important role in the development of speed metal.

Band members

Current members
 Wolf Hoffmann – guitars, backing vocals 
 Mark Tornillo – lead vocals 
 Uwe Lulis – guitars 
 Christopher Williams – drums 
 Philip Shouse – guitars 
 Martin Motnik – bass, backing vocals

Former members
 Peter Baltes – bass, backing vocals * Udo Dirkschneider – lead vocals 
 Frank Friedrich – drums 
 Dieter Rubach - bass 
 Gerhard Wahl – guitars 
 Jörg Fischer – guitars 
 Stefan Kaufmann – drums 
 Herman Frank – guitars 
 David Reece – lead vocals 
 Stefan Schwarzmann – drums 
 Michael Cartellone  – drums

Live members
 Ken Mary – drums 
 Jim Stacey – guitars 
 Rob Armitage – lead vocals 
 Michael White – lead vocals
Studio albums
Accept (1979)
I'm a Rebel (1980)
Breaker (1981)
Restless and Wild (1982)
Balls to the Wall (1983)
Metal Heart (1985)
Russian Roulette (1986)
Eat the Heat (1989)
Objection Overruled (1993)
Death Row (1994)
Predator (1996)
Blood of the Nations (2010)
Stalingrad (2012)
 Blind Rage  (2014)
 The Rise of Chaos  (2017)
 Too Mean to Die  (2021)

References

Other websites

Accept's official website acceptworldwide.com

German heavy metal bands
Autumn is a Dutch gothic metal band formed in 1995.

Members

Current members

Former members

Discography

Studio albums

Other releases

References

Other websites

 

Musical groups established in 1995
Gothic metal bands
Dutch heavy metal bands
Groningen (city)
Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She played Harper Finkle on the television series Wizards of Waverly Place and Harriet Welsh in the movie Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars.

References

Other websites 

1993 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
Arlington, Texas
Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy (June 26, 1992) is an American writer, director, podcaster, singer, and former actress. She played Sam Puckett on the Nickelodeon TV series iCarly She reprised the character in the iCarly spin-off series Sam & Cat She also appeared in other TV series including True Jackson, VP, Malcolm in the Middle and Lincoln Heights. McCurdy grew up in Garden Grove, California.

Early life 
McCurdy was born on June 26, 1992. She was born in Long Beach, California, and grew up in Garden Grove with her parents and three older brothers.

Beginning career 
McCurdy began acting at 8 years old. She made guest appearances on Zoey 101. From 2007 to 2012, she played Sam Puckett in the TV series iCarly and the 2013 spin-off series Sam & Cat.

Movies
Movies

TV series 
 MADtv - Cassidy Gifford (2000; 1 episode)
 Malcolm in the Middle - Daisy / Penelope (2003, 2005; 2 episodes)
 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit - Holly Purcell (2005; 1 episode)
 Zoey 101 - Trisha Kirby (2005; 1 episode) 
 Will & Grace - Lisa (2006; 1 episode)
 iCarly - Sam Puckett (2007-2012; 96 episodes, lead role)
 True Jackson, VP - Pinky Turzo (2009-2010; 2 episodes) 
 The Penguins of Madagascar - Becky (2010-2013; voice)
 The Cleveland Show - Girl #1 (2010; voice, 1 episode) 
 Big Time Rush - Training Fan (2010; 1 episode)
 Victorious - Ponnie / Linda / Fawn (2012; 1 episode)
 Sam & Cat - Sam Puckett (2013-2014; lead role)

References

Other websites

 Jennette McCurdy on Facebook
 Jennette McCurdy on Twitter

1992 births
2014 deaths
American child actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
American stage actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American country singers
American pop singers
Since 1900, there have been two Major League Baseball teams in Washington, D.C. called the Washington Senators

The first Senators team played in Washington from 1901-1960, and moved to become the Minnesota Twins.

The second Senators team played in Washington from 1961-1971, and moved to become the Texas Rangers.

The current team is called the Washington Nationals.