Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Plot
Ramesh (Askokan) is an engineer who is hunting for a job and with the help of his friend Babu (Thangavelu) goes to see a wealthy businessman named Laxman for a new project of his. After a song and a comic encounter with Laxman's daughter Geeta (Manimala), he falls in love with her. He also achieves very good success in convincing Geeta's father into starting the project. During a sight visit for the project, his suitcase gets swapped with a similar suitcase of a co-passenger named Mala (Manorama), which is full of money. For this reason Ramesh is detained in a police lock-up. Also Mala is revealed to be part of a criminal gang. When the gang leader, Jumboo, is not able to kill Mala (because he needs a particular diary from her), he instead arranges a dangerous rowdy named Bijua Pakiri (R.S. Manohar)to kill Ramesh within the lock-up.
After this, the mysterious man (Gemini Ganesan) appears secretly inside Ramesh's car promising to help him. He accepts that he is a police officer when asked, and says he knows that Ramesh is innocent. But leaves when Bijua and Babu enter the car. Men from the criminal gang disguise as policemen and "arrest" Ramesh whom they intend to murder at a safe spot. However, with the help of his friends Ramesh escapes.
Later, the same mysterious man appears once again, and meets Ramesh once again to tell him that he knows Mala well and also Bijua is planning to give off Ramesh to the criminal gang, for money. Ramesh, believes him and starts to avoid Bijua, telling him that he now knows his true colours.
When Mala is forced by Jumboo, the gangleader, to fly abroad, she is confronted by the still mysterious man who forces her to give him the diary, failing which she would end up in jail. But she is shot by a shadowy figure, who is then chased by the mysterious man. But, Bijua gets hold of the diary after coming there. Ramesh learns of the death of Mala and becomes sad. Jumboo arrives there and Bijua confronts him, now asking for twice the earlier amount for the diary and the life of Ramesh.

Bijua takes Ramesh with him to prove his innocence, after pleading with Ramesh and Geeta for a long time. They arrive at a cave on a hill. There Bijua tries to sell Ramesh and the Diary for the agreed sum, apparently betraying Ramesh. The mysterious man arrives at the scene to whom Ramesh explains the situation.
When the mysterious man tries to act his police disguise there, Bijua reveals he is Mr.Prakash, the true leader of the crime gang and he himself is Inspector Sekar of Vigilance Branch. With this information both Prakash and Ramesh are startled. After some talk an elaborate fight and chase scene, Mr.Prakash drives a boat that crashes into a rock fatally killing him. Ramesh is proven innocent through the information in the diary.

Bijua (now Inspector Sekar) attends the marriage of Ramesh and Geeta in full inspector uniform. The film ends with Babu receiving a prize sum from Police Department for his help in the case.

References
 http://www.jointscene.com/movies/Kollywood/Vallavanukku_Vallavan/4972

1965 movies
1960s mystery movies
1965 thriller movies
Indian movies
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. 
For this reason, they persist in the environment for a long time. They can be transported over long distances and bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue. When going up a food chain, there will be larger amounts of these substances. For this reason, they have a large impact on human health and the environment.

Many POPs are currently or were in the past used as pesticides.  Others are used in industrial processes and in the production goods such as solvents, polyvinyl chloride, and pharmaceuticals.  There are a few natural sources of POPs; most POPs are created by humans in industrial processes, either intentionally or as byproducts.

References

Pollution
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international treaty signed in 2001. The treaty became effective in May 2004. Its aim is to limit the use and production of Persistent Organic Pollutants. Examples of substances affected by the treaty are Polychlorinated biphenyl and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. An extension to the treaty in 2009 added other substances, like Lindane. Critics have said that the treaty limits the effectiveness of the fight against diseases such as malaria. This is not the case, as the use of certain substances for vector control is permitted; this includes the use against mosquitoes.

Chemicals listed
The following chemicals are listed:

References

Pollution
, also known as  or TEPCO, is a Japanese company that sells electrical power in Japan's Kantō region, Yamanashi Prefecture, and the eastern part of Shizuoka Prefecture. This area includes Tokyo. Its headquarters are in Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo. It has international offices in Washington, D.C., and London.

After the March 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, its power plant at Fukushima Daiichi became a continuing nuclear disaster. The  Fukushima disaster forced 50,000 households to leave the evacuation zone because of radiation leaks into the air, soil and sea.

Tokyo Prefecture is the largest shareholder in the company with 9.37 percent voting rights.

References

Other websites 

Electric power companies
1951 establishments in Japan
Tokyo Prefecture
Dark Circle is a documentary movie about anti-nuclear protest activity. The protest is mainly focused on Diablo Canyon (Nuclear) Power Plant in California. The point of view is clearly in favor of the protesters. They believe that the protests delayed government licensing of the Diablo Canyon (Nuclear) Power Plant. They believe that as a result of this delay,construction errors were made public before the plant started operating.

The director is Judy Irving. The movie is a 1982 release. It is said to be "still powerful" long after its initial release.

Protest leader Raye Fleming takes central role. She leaflets power plant workers going to work and later leads protesters. Two thousand people were arrested at the demonstrations. This established a record for anti-nuclear civil disobedience in the US.

Breakdown
0:30 A black and white clip from 1963 National Educational Television program giving basic information on the dangerousness of plutonium.
1:30  Geese fly by Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant. Female voice over speculates on radiologic hazards affecting animals.

2:30 Inside Diablo Canyon Power Plant

4:00 Federal government's early tests of reactor meltdown.

4:20 Idaho 1955 Nuclear Reactor Explosion Test

4:40 New Mexico 1965 Nuclear Reactor Explosion Test

4:55 Nevada 1965 - Actual explosion of an unshielded nuclear reactor, it's radioactive core blown to pieces and scattered to the atmosphere.

5:55  Federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission Hearings, agenda limited to site specific matters.

7:45 Ray contacting workers at DCPP.

8:54 Quotes worker "None of the equipment or material or structures here would fail or be adversely effected by the earthquake."

9:30 "Is it possible to design and build anything with a sufficient degree of certainty and safety that you should go ahead and do it."

9:40 Diablo Canyon Anti-Nuclear Protest in San Luis Obispo, CA
10:00 60 local groups from across California formed a coalition to organize large scale highly visible opposition to Diablo.

10:15 California Governor Jerry Brown came out against Diablo.

10:25 In the end there was no time for rallies or marches. Back at Diablo Canyon's Main Gate, the human blockade began.

12:50 Blockading protesters.

13:15 Final preparations to start the reactor, then PG&E publicly admitted to backwards installation.

Allegedly "first of hundreds of mistakes"

14:50 Protesters taking credit for delaying start of plant prior to placement of the plant in service.

15:00 Analogy to frogs by Ray. "Boiling Frogs".

15:50 Rhetoric.

17:10 Comment by filmmaker, Judy Irving.
Scuttled by PBS
The movie was approved for national broadcast in 1985, but that decision was rejected a year later. Many people believe that was censorship. B.J.Bullert commented that the PBS/KQED decision "robbed a national public television audience" . He extrapolates this critical remark to the media across the board and its failure to focus public attention on the putative biological hazard of nuclear power.

Critics 
B.J. Bullert,  in his book Public Television: Politics and the Battle over Documentary Film protested what he viewed as censorship. He stated that Dark Circle was outside of the mainstream at that time but now the viewpoint in the movie is widely accepted. Nat Katzman, former KQED station manager, disagreed. He is quoted in Bullert's book, saying  "It's more difficult to say ("Dark Circle") falsified anything, but it left one with the uncomfortable feeling that this is propaganda, not journalism".

Point of view
Point of view

The movie is clearly created to raise public alarm about the hazards of nuclear power. It is also about problems at the regulatory agency, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). However, there are numerous points in the movie in which the voices heard are those of the workers. We also hear from the Pacific Gas and Electric management, and the lawyer for the NRC.

References

American documentary movies
Movies about nuclear technology
(CALR) Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle, created in 2000.
 (CARF) Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Rochefortais, created in 2000.
 (CAR) Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Royannais, created in 2002.
 Communauté de communes de l'Ile-de-Ré
 Communauté de communes Plaine d'Aunis
 Communauté de communes de Surgères
 Communauté de communes du canton de Loulay
 Communauté de communes du canton d'Aulnay-de-Saintonge
 Communauté de communes du canton de Saint-Jean-d'Angély
 Communauté de communes du Sud-Charente
 Communauté de communes Charente-Arnoult-Coeur de Saintonge
 Communauté de communes du Pays Savinois
 Communauté de communes du canton de Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche
 Communauté de communes du Pays de Matha
 Communauté de communes Vignobles et Vals boisés du Pays Buriaud
 Communauté de communes de la région de Pons
 Communauté de communes de la Haute-Saintonge
 Communauté de communes de l'Île-d'Oléron
 Communauté de communes des bassins Seudre-et-Arnoult
Communauté de communes du canton de Gémozac et de la Saintonge Viticole
 Communauté de communes du Bassin de Marennes
 Communauté de communes du Pays Marandais
 Communauté de communes du Pays Santon
 Communauté de communes du Val de Trézence, de la Boutonne à la Devise
 Communauté de communes du canton de Courçon
Bourges is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Cher department.

Sister cities

Bourges is twinned with:
    Augsburg, Germany
    Aveiro, Portugal
    Forlì, Italy
    Koszalin, Poland
    Palencia, Spain
   Peterborough, United Kingdom
    Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
The following is a list of the 290 communes of the Cher département in France.

 (CAB) Communauté d'agglomération de Bourges, created in 2003.

Cher
Tulle () is a French commune, the prefecture of the Corrèze department in central France. It is in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Tulle.

Geography
Tulle is in the valley of the Corrèze river at the confluence of this river with several tributaries: the Solane and the Céronne on the right side, and Saint-Bonnette and Montane on the left side. The city is in narrow part of the valley along several Kilometres.

The commune of Tulle has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The commune of Tulle is surrounded by the communes:

Three rivers flow through the communeː the river Diège (the town sometimes is called Ussel-sur-Diège), the river Sarsonne and the stream Étang Roux.

Climate
The climate of Tulle, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of this city are known, in French, as Tullistes.
With a population of 14,325, Tulle has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Tulle

Tulle forms, together with other 7 communes, the urban area of Tulle with a population of 21,108 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Tulle, formed by 25 communes, with a population of 30,970 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .

Administration 
Tulle is the prefecture of the Corrèze department, the capital of the arrondissement of Tulle and the administrative centre () of the canton of Tulle.

It is part of the intercommunality Tulle Agglo ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Tulle is twinned with:
  Schorndorf, Germany
  Errenteria, Spain
  Bury, England, United Kingdom
  Lousada, Portugal
  Smolensk, Russia
  Dueville, Italy

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Tulle
 Communes of the Corrèze department
Tulle massacre

References

Other websites

 Mairie de Tulle website 
 Office de Tourisme Intercommunal Tulle et Cœur de Corrèze
English grammar is the grammar of the English language. Grammar is the rules about how to speak and write in a language. English grammar started with Old English, having a grammar similar to other West Germanic languages of the time. After Normandy conquered England in 1066, parts of the Latin language were brought to the English language by the Norman French.

Dialect grammar  

Dialects of English vary not only in pronunciation but in grammar too.  For example, people who use what is called General American English or Received Pronunciation might say, “I didn't do anything,” while someone who speaks what is called African American Vernacular English might say, “I didn't do nothing,” and a working class Londoner who speaks Cockney English might say, “I ain't done nuffink.” The dialect a person speaks with is usually decided by where they live and their socioeconomic background.
Even though the dialects of English use different words or word order, they still have grammar rules. However, when writing in American English, grammar uses the rules of General American English.  When people talk about using "proper English", they usually mean using the grammar of general British English, as described in standard reference works.  The models for spoken English in Britain are often called Received Pronunciation or BBC English.

Word endings 

English makes few changes to its word endings. These are called ('suffixes'): plurals and possessives (John's) are the most common. English verbs drop most endings except one: I love, you love, they love, but she loves. That final 's' is a remnant of Anglo-Saxon, which had more suffixes. Verbs do have endings which show changes in tense: walked, walking.

Word order
Word order

Word order is the other big difference.  In English, adjectives usually come before the noun. Most Romance languages normally put their adjectives after the nouns. For example, in English, a person may say I like fast cars, but in Spanish, it is Me gustan los coches rápidos [coches = cars; rápidos = fast]. The order of the words has changed: if just the words, without the grammar, are translated into English, it would mean 'to me they please the cars fast'. This is because Spanish and English have different rules about word order. In German, main verbs often come near the end of sentences, but in English we usually put them between subject and object, as: the cat sat on the mat.

Parts of speech 
Grammar studies the different parts of language. The parts of language are called "parts of speech." The parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
Nouns 
A noun is a word that names something, such as a person, place, thing, or idea. They can be a single thing such as an apple. They can also be plural such as a box of apples. There is a special kind of noun called a proper noun, which is a name. For instance, Johnny Appleseed.

Pronouns
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. We often use them to avoid repeating the nouns that they refer to. An example is the word "it."  In the sentence "I like the ball; it is blue," you have to look at what comes before "it" to know that "it" is talking about the ball.  The noun before a pronoun that the pronoun really means is called the antecedent.

There are different types of pronouns in English language. The most important ones are:

 Personal pronouns
 Demonstrative pronouns
 Relative pronouns
 Interrogative pronouns
 Indefinite pronouns
 Dummy pronouns
Verbs 
The basic verb form is called the infinitive. The infinitive for existence is "to be". A famous example is the speech of Hamlet: to be or not to be?
Variations of the infinitive create verb tenses. 

 Past tense = was

Present tense = is

Adjectives
Words that tell you about nouns are called adjectives. When an adjective is used, you learn more about the noun.  An example would be the words "red" and "juicy" in the phrase "the red apple is juicy."  They do not have any endings. Even if the noun they talk about is plural, they stay the same.  You can see this in the sentence "the red apples are juicy."

Determiners 
Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to make it clear what the noun refers to. The difference is each noun can only have one determiner and the determiner always comes before all the other parts of the noun phrase. The most common determiners in English are "the" and "a/an".
Adverbs
Adverbs are words that tell you about words that are not nouns.  An adverb can describe a verb, like the word "quickly" in the sentence "He ran quickly."  They can also describe an adjective.  The adverb "very" describes the adjective "sick" in the sentence "The boy is very sick." Adverbs can even describe other adverbs, as in the sentence "He ran very quickly."

Prepositions
A preposition is a word that describes how one noun (or pronoun) relates to another in the sentence as a whole. The preposition usually comes before the noun that it adds to the sentence, which is called the object of the preposition. An example is the word "over" in the sentence "he walked over the bridge."
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that connects other parts of a sentence. It can connect two words that both do the same thing in a sentence. "And" in the sentence "the boy and the girl run" connects the boy to the girl because they both run.  Conjunctions can even connect two clauses that would normally be different sentences together. The word "but" in the sentence "I like cats, but he likes dogs" is a conjunction doing this.
Interjections
Interjections are words that do not fit normal grammar rules.  Interjections can and often do take the place of an entire sentence, as they can give they meaning of a whole sentence in a single word.  These can be used to show emotions, such as the word "Hooray," which means that the speaker is happy or likes something.  They are also used to shorten common phrases that would otherwise need a full sentence to talk about. For example, saying the word "yes" is much simpler than saying "what you say is true," so it is usually used instead.  Interjections like these can be helpful for saving time and making complex sentences very simple.  Often, though, interjections may have no meaning at all, such as the word "um."

Syntax 

Grammar also studies how the parts of language work together.  This is called "syntax."  Some common ways in which the words fit together are phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs.

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Modern English Grammar by Daniel Kies
 Linguapress online English grammar
 Lingolía English Grammar

Grammars of specific languages
English language
The following is a list of the 286 communes of the Corrèze département in France.

 (CAB) Communauté d'agglomération de Brive, created in 2002.

Correze
Edward is an English male given name. It is an old name, dating from before the Norman conquest of England in 1066. It means "wealthy" (rich) and "guard". Ted, Teddy, and Ned are often used as nicknames for people called Edward, such as Ted Kennedy, or Ned Kelly. There have been many kings of England called Edward, such as Edward the Confessor, and Edward VIII.This name was ranked #217 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

Variations of "Edward" in other languages
 Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese: Eduardo
 Spanish and Portuguese also use Duarte
 Italian also uses Edoardo
 French: Édouard
 Norwegian: Edvard

People named Edward
English people
 Edward the Elder (c. 874–924), the son of Alfred the Great
 Edward the Martyr (c. 962–978), English king and Christian martyr
 St. Edward the Confessor (c. 1003–1066), English King; patron saint of England until 1348
 Edward I of England (1239–1307), called Longshanks; conqueror of Wales
 Edward II of England (1284–1327), deposed in January 1327, probably murdered
 Edward III of England (1312–1377), one of the most successful English kings of medieval times
 Edward, the Black Prince (1330–1376), eldest son of King Edward III
 Edward, Duke of Guelders (1336–1371)
 Edward IV of England (1442–1483), older brother of Richard III, father of Edward V
 Edward V of England (1470–c. 1483), one of the princes in the Tower
 Edward VI of England (1537–1553), the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
 Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841–1910), the son of Queen Victoria
 Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (1894–1972), the son of George V, abdicated
Other people
 Edward Balliol (c. 1283–1367), pretender to the Scottish throne during the reign of David II
 Ed Gainey, American player of Canadian football
 Edward Gierek (1913-2001), First Secretary of Polish United Workers Party from 1970-1980
 Edward Heath (1916–2005), former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 Edward Stanley Kellogg (1870-1948), 16th Governor of American Samoa
 Ed Miliband (born 1969), former leader of the UK Labour Party
 Edward Snowden (born 1983), American who disclosed National Security Agency secrets
 Edward Stettinius, Jr. (1900–1949), former United States Secretary of State

References

Given names
Holiday Inn is a brand of hotels. Holiday Inn is one of the world's most recognized hotel brands. It is part of the InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG).

Kemmons Wilson had the idea for the business after a family road trip to Washington, D.C.. During the trip, he was disappointed by the quality of roadside motels at that time. Mr. Wilson partnered with Wallace E. Johnson to build the first four motels on roads entering Memphis, Tennessee. Eddie Bluestein was the architect who designed these first hotels.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 Holiday Inn Hotels review 

American hotel chains
Companies based in Atlanta
1952 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Tennessee
Garibaldi could mean:

Fish
 Garibaldi (fish)

People
 Giuseppe Garibaldi
Walter Kogler (born 12 December 1967 in Wolfsberg, Carinthia) is a retired Austrian football defender and coach. At the moment he is coach of FC Wacker Innsbruck, which is playing in the Austrian Bundesliga.

Career
In his youth years he played for FC St. Michael and Wolfsberger AC. He start as professional player with SK Sturm Graz. His next club was Austria Wien, where he started also his team career. After one year in France with AS Cannes he came back to Austria, where he played for LASK Linz, Austria Salzburg and FC Kärnten.

After his professional career he became football coach starting in the football academy of FC Kärnten. His first team was SK St. Andrä in the Regionalliga (3rd level). After one year with DSV Leoben he went to FC Wacker Innsbruck. With this team he reached in 2010 the championship and was promoted to the Bundesliga.
Walter Kogler played 28 matches for the Austrian team and scored one goal. He was member of the Austrian team for the FIFA World Cup 1998. As player he was 5 times Austrian Champion (with Austria Wien, Austria Salzburg and Wacker Innsbruck). In 17 years as professional he played 495 matches in the Austrian Bundesliga.

Honours

as player
Austrian Bundesliga (5):
 1993, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002
Austrian Cup (1):
 1994
Fifa World Cup 1998
Member of the Austrian team

as coach
Austrian 1.Division
Champion 2010 with FC Wacker Innsbruck

1967 births
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football managers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
FK Austria Wien players
Austrian football defenders
Austrian football champions
April Jeanette "AJ" Brooks (born Mendez, March 19, 1987) is an American retired professional wrestler. She is best known for her time in WWE under the ring name AJ Lee. She competed on the third season of NXT but finished fourth overall. Even though she did not win NXT she was still given a contract with the WWE and debuted in her first match for the SmackDown brand on May 27, 2011 edition where she teamed with Kaitlyn in a losing effort against Alicia Fox and Tamina.

AJ Lee held the Divas Championship 3 times in the WWE, successfully retaining her title at WrestleMania XXX. the night after on Raw she was defeated and lost her title to NXT Woman's Champion, Paige. On the June 30, 2014 episode of Raw, Lee returned to the WWE. She challenged Paige for the Divas Championship and won her second championship.

On April 3, 2015, it was announced that AJ decided to retire from the company.
Championships and accomplishments 
 Florida Championship Wrestling
 FCW Divas Championship (1 time)[25]
 Queen of FCW (1 time)[22]
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI ranked her #43 of the top 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2013[145]
 Women Superstars Uncensored
 WSU Tag Team Championship (1 time)[13] — with Brooke Carter
 WSU/NWS King and Queen of the Ring (2004)[18] — with Jay Lethal
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013)[146] with Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Rosa Mendes, Summer Rae and Tamina Snuka vs. Cameron, Eva Marie, JoJo, Naomi, Natalya and The Bella Twins at Survivor Series on November 24
 WWE
 WWE Divas Championship (4 time)
 Slammy Award for Diva of the Year (2011)
 Slammy Award for Kiss of the Year (2012) — with John Cena
 NXT Women's championship

References

Other websites

 

1987 births
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Union City, New Jersey
Sportspeople from New Jersey
The Basset Hound is a short-legged dog, of the hound family. Bassets are used in hunting to detect the scent of game. Their sense of smell for tracking is second only to that of the Bloodhound.

The name Basset comes from French words meaning "rather low". 

Basset Hounds usually have coats of brown, black or white and are most often spotted.  Sometimes they can be other colors. Basset Hounds have been bred from the nineteenth century. They are said to descend from the Basset d'Artois. Basset Hounds are  tall, and can weight up to .

References

Dog breeds originating in France
FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in England
Alvin Plantinga (born November 15, 1932, Ann Arbor, Michigan ) is an American epistemologist, philosopher of religion and professor at the University of Notre Dame. He is a founding member of the Society of Christian Philosophers.

Plantinga's aim in philosophy is to defend believing in God as rational. His epistemology is one that tries to say that knowledge is only possible if you accept the possibility of some form of intelligent design by God.

References

1932 births
Living people
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Academics from Indiana
American Calvinists
American theologians
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) also known as radiation poisoning, radiation sickness or radiation toxicity, is a syndrome or group of health effects which occur within months of exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation. The term generally refers to acute (serious, rapid onset) problems rather than ones that develop after a prolonged period. It is mainly damage to the blood, digestive system, and nervous system.

References

Syndromes
Castorocauda was a genus of small, semi-aquatic proto-mammals which lived in the Jurassic period, about 154 million years ago. 

Its fossil was found in lakebed sediments of the Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia. Castorocauda was highly specialized, with adaptations like those of modern semi-aquatic mammals such as beavers, otters, and the platypus (convergent evolution). It is the earliest animal found with fur.

Castorocauda is one of the near-mammals in a group called the Docodonta.
Although Castorocauda was not a crown group mammal, it is important in the study of how mammals evolved. It was the first find with an almost complete skeleton. Also it is not a "small nocturnal insectivore".
It was larger than most Mesozoic mammaliaform fossils  about  from its nose to the tip of its  tail, and may have weighed .
It is the earliest absolutely certain evidence of hair and fur. Previously the earliest was Eomaia, a crown group mammal from about 125M years ago.
It had aquatic adaptations including flattened tail bones and remnants of soft tissue between the toes of the back feet, suggesting that they were webbed. Previously the earliest known semi-aquatic mammaliaforms were from the Eocene, about 110 million years later.
Castorocauda's powerful forelimbs look adapted for digging. This feature and the spurs on its ankles make it resemble the platypus, which also swims and digs.
Its teeth look adapted for eating fish: the first two molars had cusps in a straight row, which made them more suitable for gripping and slicing than for grinding. These molars are curved backwards, which helps in grasping slippery prey.
References 

Docodonts
Fossils
Jurassic
Element Skateboards (sometimes shortened to Element) is an American company. It is known for making skateboards and swimwear. It was founded in 1992 by Johnny Schillereff. The company is based out of Irvine, California. The company was originally known as Underworld Element Skateboards but Schillereff decided to drop the "Underworld" part due to the company being absorbed because of financial problems. The Element company also sponsors professional skateboarders like Bucky Lasek, Bam Margera, Chad Muska, Ray Barbee, Vanessa Torres, Mark Appleyard, Nyjah Huston and 
Madars Apse

Companies based in California
Skateboarding
1992 establishments in the United States
Irvine, California
Paul Gustave Doré (; January 6, 1832 – January 23, 1883) was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Most of Doré's work was wood engraving and steel engraving.

Biography
Doré was born in Strasbourg. His first illustrated story was published at the age of fifteen. As a young man, he began work as a literary illustrator in Paris. He was hired to illustrate scenes from books by Rabelais, Balzac, Milton and Dante.

In 1853, Doré was asked to illustrate the works of Lord Byron. British publishers asked him to do more work, including a new illustrated English Bible. Ten years later, he illustrated a French edition of Cervantes's Don Quixote. His images of the knight and Sancho Panza have influenced later readers, artists, and stage and film directors' ideas of how the two characters looked. Doré also illustrated an edition of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven" with larger than usual pages. He was paid 30,000 francs by the publisher Harper & Brothers in 1883.
Doré's English Bible (1866) was a great success, and in 1867 Doré had a major exhibition of his work in London. The Doré Gallery in Covelant Bond Street opened after the show. In 1869, Blanchard Jerrold suggested that they work together to make a complete portrait of London. Jerrold got the idea from The Microcosm of London produced by Rudolph Ackermann, William Pyne, and Thomas Rowlandson in 1808. Doré signed a five-year contract with the publishers Grant & Co. He had to stay in London for three months each year. He was paid £10,000 a year for the project.

The completed book, London: A Pilgrimage, was published in 1872.  It had 180 engravings. The book was successful financially and influenced many people. However, many critics at the time disliked it. Some of these critics wrote that Doré paid too much attention to the poverty  in parts of London.
His  later works included Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Milton's Paradise Lost, Tennyson's The Idylls of the King, The Works of Thomas Hood, and The Divine Comedy. His work also appeared in the Illustrated London News.

He continued to illustrate books until he died in Paris after a short illness in 1883. He is buried in  Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

Gallery

List of works
Doré made many works of art. This list is very long, but does not include every piece of art that Doré made. It does not include his sculptures and paintings. Also, many journal illustrations are not listed.

References

Bibliography
Bibliography

(80 illustrations, earliest photogravures of Dore paintings)
(141 illustrations)
(138 illustrations)
(314 illustrations)
(103 illustrations)
(30 illustrations)
(521 illustrations, reprinting most of the Delorme photogravures)
(exhibition book: 591 illustrations)
(343 illustrations)
(500 illustrations)
 (exhibition book: 250 illustrations, 40 in full-color, sometimes incorrectly listed as, “40 b/w, 120 color illustrations”)
 (annual  listing of the books published in France)

Other websites
Other websites

Doré's grave site at Cimetière du Père Lachaise
German FTP with Dore illustrations 
Dore Bible Gallery
SurLaLune Fairy Tale Illustrations of Gustave Doré 
The "Dore Vase" in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, a massive bronze that was exhibited to acclaim at Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and later moved to San Francisco
Gustave Doré's Illustrations for 'Don Quixote' 
More of Gustave Doré's Illustrations for 'Don Quixote' 
World of Dante Doré Dante illustrations in the World of Dante gallery
Elbert Hubbard's account of the 

1832 births
1883 deaths
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Disease-related deaths in France
Engravers
French painters
People from Strasbourg
French illustrators
French sculptors
WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 is a wrestling video game that was published by THQ. It is available for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, Wii and Xbox 360 systems. The game is also featured as a mobile phone game which can be downloaded. It featured new features like the Inferno match, a newer tag team match, and also four new game modes: Create-a-Finisher, Road to WrestleMania, Career and multiplayer season. The game received positive reviews from video game reviewers. Triple H and Shawn Michaels both as member of D-Generation X are on the cover.

It is part of the WWE SmackDown vs. Raw video game series.

Other websites
 Official game website 

2008 video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation Portable games
Nintendo DS games
Wii games
Xbox 360 games
SmackDown vs. Raw 2009
Mobile games
THQ games
Sylvester Ritter (December 13, 1952 – June 2, 1998) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring names, Junkyard Dog and JYD for short. He died in Forest, Mississippi on June 2, 1998 after he fell asleep at the wheel of the car he was driving home in and crashed into another car.

Championships
Ritter held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Mid-South Wrestling Association
Mid-South Louisiana Championship (three times)
Mid-South North American Heavyweight Championship (four times)
Mid-South Tag Team Championship (eight times) – with Buck Robley (one), Terry Orndorff (one), Killer Karl Kox (one), Dick Murdoch (three), Mike George (one), and Jerry Stubbs (one)

NWA Mid-America
NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Gypsy Joe
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year in 1980.
PWI ranked him #51 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.

Stampede Wrestling
Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (two times)

United States Wrestling Association
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Championship Wrestling
WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (one time) with Ricky Morton and Tommy Rich

World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2004)
Wrestling Classic tournament winner in 1985.
Slammy Award – Best Single Performer in 1986.

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Feud of the Year in 1982 (vs. Ted DiBiase)
Worst Feud of the Year in 1990 (vs. Ric Flair)
Worst Tag Team in 1986 (with George Steele)

References

Other websites
Profile on WWE.com

1952 births
1998 deaths
African-American wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Road accident deaths in Mississippi
Sportspeople from North Carolina
WWE Hall of Fame
Full Dark, No Stars (2010) is a book of four novellas that was written by Stephen King. The book was published on November 9, 2010. The four novellas are 1922, Big Driver, Fair Extension and A Good Marriage.

Other websites
About the book from King's website

2010 books
Books by Stephen King
Cell (2006) is a novel by Stephen King. The book was published on January 24, 2006. It is about Clayton Riddell, an artist from New England who tries to reunite with his son after a signal is sent out over the global cell phone network which turns every cell phone user into a murderer.

Other websites
About the novel from King's website

2006 books
Books by Stephen King
Lisey's Story (2006) is a novel that was written by Stephen King. The novel was published on October 24, 2006. The novel was nominated for the World Fantasy Award in 2007.

References

Other websites
About the novel from King's website

2006 books
Books by Stephen King
Guéret () is a commune of France. It is the prefecture of the  Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

History
In 1514, Guéret became the capital of the County of Marche,  a medieval French county, approximately corresponding to the modern Creuse department.

In 1790, when the departments were created, Guéret was named as the capital of the Creuse department.

Geography
Guéret is in a plateau between the Creuse and the Gartempe rivers, at the foot of two hills: the Puy de Gaudy,  high, and the Maupuy,  high. The commune has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The city of Guéret is at about  from Bordeaux, at  from Toulouse, at  from Paris and at  from Lyon.

The communes that are around Guéret are Saint-Fiel, Sainte-Feyre, Savennes, Saint-Christophe, La Chapelle-Taillefert, Saint-Léger-le-Guérétois and Saint-Sulpice-le-Guérétois.
Climate 
Guéret has an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification.

Population
The inhabitants of Guéret are known, in French, as Guérétois (women: Guérétoises).

The commune of Guéret has a population, in 2014, of 13,342; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Guéret

Guéret forms, together with Saint-Fiel, the urban area of Guéret with a population of 14,157 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Guéret, formed by 32 communes with a population of 31,499 inhabitants and an area of .

Administration 
Guéret is the prefecture of the Creuse department, the capital of the arrondissement of Guéret and the administrative centre () of two cantons:
 Guéret-1, with 9,332 inhabitants (2014).
 Guéret-2, with 9,724 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Guéret ().
Sister cities 
Guéret is twinned with:
  Stein, Germany since 1991

Sites of interest
 The Hotel de Moneyroux. This building, of Gothic style, was built in the fifteenth century. It is now the headquarters of the General Council of the Creuse.
 The Presidial, dating from the seventeenth century, now is the town hall.
 The Museum of the Sénatorerie. The building served as house for senators under Napoleon. Since 1832, the Society of Archaeological and Natural Sciences of the Creuse has been housed here.
 Courtille lake, a recreation area south of Guéret, is an artificial lake along a shaded path.
 Chabrières forest is a large forest to the south of Guéret. It has a zoo, where one can see wolves in semi-liberty in large espaces with walls. Here  there are some big dolmens.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Guéret
 Communes of the Creuse department

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Ville de Guéret - official website 
 La Communauté d’Agglomération du Grand-Guéret 
 Conseil Départamental de la Creuse 
 Préfecture de la Creuse 

Communes in Creuse
Departmental capitals in France
The following is a list of the 260 communes of the Creuse département of France.

Creuse
Périgueux () is a commune in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. It is the capital, prefecture, of the Dordogne department.

Geography
Périgueux is in the centre of the Dordogne department, in the tourist region named as Périgord Blanc. The Isle river flows through the city.

The city is at about  from Angoulême,  from Limoges,  from Agen,  from Bordeaux and  from Cahors.

The commune of Périgueux has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Périgueux is surrounded by the communes Château-l'Évêque, Champcevinel, Trélissac, Boulazac, Notre-Dame-de-Sanilhac, Coulounieix-Chamiers, Marsac-sur-l'Isle and Chancelade.

Climate 
Périgueux has an oceanic climate with template summers (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).

Population 
The inhabitants of Périgueux are known, in French, as Pétrocoriens (women: Pétrocoriennes). Another name for the inhabitants of Périgueux is Périgourdins.
With a population of 30,069 (2014), Périgueux has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Périgueux

Périgueux forms, together with 8 other communes, the urban area of Périgueux with a population of 66,895 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Périgueux, formed by 55 communes with a population of 102,855 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .

Administration
Périgueux is a prefecture of the Dordogne and the capital of the arrondissement of Périgueux.

The commune is the administrative centre () of two cantons
 Périgueux-1, formed with a part of Périgueux; and
 Périgueux-2, formed with the remaining part of Périgueux.

It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Périgueux ().

Twin towns 
Périgueux is twinned with:
  Amberg, Germany

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Périgueux
 Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Other websites
Other websites

 Ville de Périgueux - Official site 
 Office de Tourism, Périgueux 
 Departamental Council of Dordogne 
 Prefecture official website 
 Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine 

Departmental capitals in France
Communes in Dordogne
The following is a list of the 557 communes of the Dordogne département in France.

(CAP) Communauté d'agglomération Périgourdine, created in 2000.

Dordogne
Évreux is a commune in the Eure department in France.

Sister cities

Évreux is twinned with:
  Rugby, England
  Rüsselsheim, Germany
  Sueca, Spain
  Djougou, Benin
The following is a list of the 675 communes of the Eure département in France.

 (CAE) Communauté d'agglomération d'Évreux, created in 2000.
 (CAL) Communauté d'agglomération Seine-Eure, created in 2001.
 (CAV) Communauté d'agglomération des Portes de l'Eure, created in 2003.

Eure
Eric Nickulas (born March 25, 1975 in Hyannis, Massachusetts) is an American professional ice hockey right winger who last played for the ERC Ingolstadt of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Nickulas has also played a total of 7 seasons in the NHL; 4 with the Boston Bruins, 2 with the St. Louis Blues and 1 with the Chicago Blackhawks. He won the Calder Cup in 1998 while he was apart of the Boston Bruins farm team, the Providence Bruins.

Other websites
Eric Nickulas at The Internet Hockey Database

1975 births
Living people
American ice hockey right wingers
Boston Bruins players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Norfolk Admirals players
Providence Bruins players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
St. Louis Blues players
Worcester IceCats players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Halteres are small knobbed structures modified from the hind wings in flies. They vibrate during flight, and help the insect fly better.

The halteres evolved from wings. Ancestral flying insects had two pairs of wings, like dragonflies, hymenoptera and lepidoptera still do. Flies have only the front pair of wings.

Function 
Halteres help balancing and improve flight. They help flies to perform their fast aerobatics. In addition to providing rapid feedback to the muscles steering the wings, they also help stabilise the head during flight.

They are flapped rapidly and work as gyroscopes, telling the insect about its body position during flight.

Every vibrating object tends to maintain its plane of vibration, a result of the Coriolis effect. If the body of the insect changes direction in flight or rotates about its axis, the vibrating halteres exert a force on the body. The insect detects this force with sensory organs at the base of the halteres.
The two halteres vibrate in different planes, each forming an angle of about 45 degrees with the long axis of the insect. This increases the information got from the halteres.

Development 
In Diptera, the formation of the haltere during metamorphosis is dependent on the homeotic gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx). If this gene is experimentally deactivated, the haltere will develop into a fully developed wing. This is an excellent illustration of an important mechanism of evolutionary development; a simple homeotic gene change can result in a radically different phenotype.

Convergent evolution 
The Strepsiptera, small insects parasitic on bees, wasps and cockroaches, also have halteres. We know the evolution was independent because in the Strepsiptera the forewings evolved into halteres while, in the Diptera, the hindwings changed into halteres. This is a classic case of convergent evolution.
Grimaldi and Engel say halteres have evolved at least seven times in insects, and "in most cases it is known to be associated with improved manoeuvering in flight".

References 

Flies
Evolutionary biology
Chartres is a French commune in the Eure-et-Loir department. About 39,000 people live there.

Sister cities
Chartres is twinned with:
  Ravenna, Italy
  Speyer, Germany
  Chichester, United Kingdom
  Bethlehem, Palestinian Authority
  Évora, Portugal
  Cusco, Peru
Jethou is a small island that is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands. It is privately leased, and not open to the public.

It is immediately south of Herm and has an area of approximately 44 acres (18 ha).

History

It is said that in AD 709 a storm washed away the strip of land which connected the island with Herm.

The island's name contains the -hou suffix, which means "a small island".

In 1416, it became part of Henry V of England's estate.  It is still a Crown lease, and is owned by the States of Guernsey.

Modern history
From 1920 to 1923 it was leased by Compton MacKenzie along with Herm and remained part of that estate for years, although it is currently part of a different one.

The British 1957 musical Free as Air by Dorothy Reynolds & Julian Slade was set on the fictitious island of 'Terhou', which was based on Jethou.

On the top is a marker. It is said that in earlier times, pirates were hanged on it with chains, like nearby Crevichon.
From September 1964 until December 1971 the island was occupied by the Faed family consisting of Mr Angus Faed, his wife Susan Faed and their four children, Colin, Erik, Colette and Amanda. Mrs. Susan Faed was the 22nd tenant of Jethou.

It is flanked by two islets, Crevichon to the north and Fauconniere to the south. There is one house on the island and two cottages as well as a large garage where vehicles such as quad bikes and tractors are stored.

It is now leased by Sir Peter Ogden of IT company Computacenter.

Politics
Unlike the largely autonomous islands of Sark and Alderney within the Bailiwick, Jethou cannot pass its own laws.  It is administered by the States of Guernsey, and elects members to the States of Deliberation as part of the St. Peter Port South electoral district.

Wildlife
At the east of Jethou, puffins can be seen swimming off the rocks.

They also nest there in the east clifftop.

Related pages
List of tenants of Jethou

References