Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Sumgayit (also, Sumgait and Sumqayyt) is one of the largest cities in Azerbaijan.  It is near the Caspian Sea and about 31 kilometres away from the capital, Baku. There were 308,700 people in 2009. It was started on November 22, 1949. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

Sumgayit City F.C. plays in the Azerbaijan Premier League.

Notable people from Sumgayit

 Ilham Zakiyev,  judoka, twice Paralympic, twice World & four times European Champion.
 Rafael Aghayev, karate
 Shahin Imranov, boxer, Beijing Olympic Games 2008 bronze medalist
 Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, chess player
 Zeinab Mamedyarova, chess player
 Mehman Huseynzade, football player

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
1949 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Azerbaijan
Absheron Economic Region
Aghjabadi District () is a raion in central Azerbaijan. The capital is Aghjabadi. Aghjabadi District was started in 1930. In 1963 it was ended and connected to Agdam District. In 1965, it became separate again. There are 46 settlements and 1 town in the district. There were 122,649 people in 2010.

Notable people
Uzeyir Hajibeyov – composer
Afrasiyab Badalbeyli – composer and conductor
Shamsi Badalbeyli – composer
Tofik Bahramov – football referee
Zulfu Adigozalov – khananda
Vasif Adigozalov – composer
Isi Malikzade – writer
Sabir Novruzov – mugam singer

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Politically, Azerbaijan is divided into these administrative divisions:
59 districts (rayonlar; singular – rayon), 
11 cities (şəhərlər; singular – şəhər), 
1 autonomous republic (muxtar respublika), which itself contains:
7 districts
1 city

This list is for the main part of Azerbaijan. The rayons of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed below and numbered separately. Some rayons are completely or partially in the Nagorno-Karabakh, shown on the map in green; this is noted in the list. Nagorno-Karabakh is not recognised as an independent state, but it functions as one.

The rayons are further divided into municipalities.

List of administrative divisions

Contiguous Azerbaijan
The territory of Nagorno-Karabakh currently is made up of the rayons of Khojavend, Tartar, Goranboy, Shusha and Kalbajar. When the area was part of the Soviet Union, it was known as Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO). However, on 26 November 1991, the Parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR ended the autonomy of the NKAO. Its territory was divided between the neighboring rayons. Since the Nagorno-Karabakh War, however, it is under the control of the ethnic Armenian forces from Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia.

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The seven districts and one municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed and numbered separately.

Related pages
Economic regions of Azerbaijan
Administrative division
ISO 3166-2:AZ
Azerbaijan

References
Agdash District () is a raion in central Azerbaijan. Agdash District has Leki settlement and 72 villages. This raion has a good economic and geographic location. Turyan River and Kura River go through the raion. This area is surrounded by Tugay forests along Kura river bank, and Turyanchay State Preservation to the north.

Agdash city was started in 16th century.  It is the capital.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Barda (Bərdə) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The capital city is Barda. There are 109 villages.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Beylagan (Beyləqan) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The capital city is Beylagan.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Bilasuvar (Biləsuvar) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The name in Turkic means pure water falls.  There are many rivers in this area.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Goychay (Göyçay) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is in the central part of the county, in the Shirvan valley. The capital is Goychay. There is one city and 55 villages. The region is famous for its pomegranate growing industry.

It is at the foot of Greater Caucasus mountain range.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Hajigabul (Hacıqabul) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  There are 31 populated areas. The Pirsaat River and valley is in this raion.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Imishli (İmişli) is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan.  Imishli and Sabirabad Rayon share the largest lake of Azerbaijan, Lake Sarysu.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Kurdamir (also Kürdəmir) is a district (raion) in Azerbaijan. The capital of the district is Kürdəmir.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Mingachevir, sometimes spelled Mingecevir, is the fourth-biggest city in Azerbaijan.  There are about 100,000 people. It is known as the "city of lights" because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kur River.

Mingechevir is home to Mingechevir Polytechnic Institute.

Notable natives 
 Dilgam Nagiyev — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
 Eugene Rindin — Hero of Russia.
 Ruslan Muradov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Neftchala (Neftçala) is a raion in Azerbaijan.  It is on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Its name is Persian Naft-Chala and means oil trench.

Famous people from Neftchala
Tabriz Abdullayev, painter
Khalil Rza Uluturk, writer

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Saatly is a rayon in Azerbaijan.  It was started in 1943.  There are 87,000 people.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Sabirabad is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan.  The capital, Sabirabad, is on the Araz and Kura rivers.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Salyan District () is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is Salyan. It is next to the Kura River. Most of the Shirvan National Park is in the raion.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Shirvan is a city in Azerbaijan.  Before 1938 it was named Zubovka.  From 1938 to 2008 it was named Ali Bayramli, Azerbaijani. It is on the Kura River.

Notable natives 

 Anatoly Kuleshov — Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2009).
 Enver Bariev — Minister for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus (since 2005).
 Nofal Guliyev — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
 Rafael Habibov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
 Shirin Shukurov — Hero of the Soviet Union.

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Ujar District () is a raion of Azerbaijan. It is in the centre of the country. There are 32 villages and 1 city in Ucar. The largest communities are Gazyan, Mususlu and Garabork. There were about 77,900 people in 2009.The name is from the Turkic word "Ucqar" meaning "remote".

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Yevlakh District () is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The cities of Yevlakh and Mingachevir are in the raion.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Jecheon AIDS scandal or Jecheon AIDS crime was a well-known sex crime that happened in Jecheon, South Korea. A male taxi driver was arrested by the police on 13 March 2009 for knowingly spreading HIV/AIDS to dozens of women in Jecheon between 2003 and 2009.

The offender was Mr. Jeon, a 27-year-old taxi driver who has HIV. He had sex with many women over five to six years, despite knowing his condition. The police said that his partners included drunken taxi passengers as well as bar girls he came to know while working as a driver. Many of the women were married women, housewives, or divorcees. Jeon rarely used condoms, according to local media.

Jeon said that he had had sex with ten women, but a survey estimated the number at between 70 and 400. His mobile phone, which had been confiscated by police, contained the phone numbers of about seventy women.

References
References

Other websites 
 2009 AIDS-infected taxi driver gets 18 months
 Arrested Taxi Driver Knowingly Spread AIDS in Korea 
 AIDS Fear Spreads in Jecheon County
 S. Korea's AIDS-infected taxi driver arrested
 AIDS flag as cabbie held as sex fiend

2003 crimes
2000s in South Korea
HIV/AIDS
2003 in Asia
Scandals
The Raven paradox is a paradox first presented by the German logician Carl Gustav Hempel in the 1940s.  The paradox stems from two intuitive principles for inductive reasoning: (i) logically-equivalent claims are interchangeable and (ii) particular instances confirm the corresponding universal generalization.  Hempel showed that (i) and (ii) together entail the unintuitive conclusion that claims of the form "All As are Bs" can be confirmed by observing non-A, non-B objects.

The paradox

Saying:
 (1) All ravens are black.

is logically equivalent to saying:
 (2) If something is not black then it is not a raven.

Whenever (2) is true, (1) is too; likewise in all circumstances where (2) is false (i.e. if a world with white ravens is imagined), (1) is also false.  Accordingly, (1) and (2) can be safely interchanged with one another.

Next, a particular object which is both A and B intuitively constitutes evidence for the claim "All As are Bs".  Thus,

 (3) Nevermore, my pet raven, is black.
is evidence supporting the hypothesis that 

 (4) All ravens are black.

Following the same reasoning, a green apple (a non-black and non-raven object) is evidence supporting the hypothesis that all non-black things are non-ravens.    

The paradox appears when these two principles are combined.  If a green apple is evidence for "all non-black things are non-ravens" and "all non-black things are non-ravens" is equivalent to "all ravens are black", then green apples are also evidence for the hypothesis that "all ravens are black"!  This conclusion is highly unintuitive despite the appeal of both starting principles.

References

Logical paradoxes
The margin of error is a way to measure the sampling error in the results of a statistical survey. A bigger margin of error means that the results are less certain. Margins of error occur when a population is incompletely sampled. Usually, the margin of error is defined as the radius (half the width) of a confidence interval for a given sample.

Errors and residuals in statistics
Overfishing is catching too much fish. It is a type of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to low levels. It is a good example of what is good for the short term is not good for the long term. Also, what is good for some fishermen is not good for all of them (tragedy of the commons). The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimated in a 2018 report that 33.1% of world fish stocks are subject to overfishing.

So much fish is caught that there are too few adults of  certain species left.  With cod, for example, the greatest production of eggs is from large females. But these are caught, the average size of spawning females goes down. Eventually this gets so that the production of eggs is significantly reduced. The artificial selection of large fish has gradually reduced the size of mature females.
The Northwest Atlantic cod has been regarded as heavily overfished throughout its range, resulting in a crash in the fishery in the United States and Canada during the early 1990s. Sometimes, the fishing industry can ruin itself by overfishing. The collapse of the herring industry in Monterey, California is a good example. 

Consumers can get information about the conservation status of the seafood available to them.

Examples of overfishing 
Examples of overfishing can be found in places like the North Sea, the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the East China Sea.
Tuna has been caught by people in the upper Adriatic for many years. Increasing fishing has stopped the large schools of little tuna fish from migrating into the Gulf of Trieste. The last major tuna catch was made in 1954.
 The anchovy fisheries in Peru crashed in the 1970s after overfishing and an El Niño season reduced the number of anchovies from its waters.
 The fish in the Irish Sea, the west English Channel, and other places have become overfished so much that it has almost collapsed.
 Blue walleye became extinct in the Great Lakes in the 1980s. The number of blue walleyes collapsed, because of a combination of overfishing, eutrophication, and competition with introduced rainbow smelt.
 Sharks and rays: The global amount of sharks and rays has reduced by 71% since 1970. Because of this made sharks and Ray's are almost extinct.
Preventive measures
There are many ways that have been suggested to stop overfishing. They are:
 Governments from around the world should make and enforce laws that prevents overfishing
 Subsidies should be removed from deep sea fishries to discourage deep sea fishing
 Aquaculture should be encouraged because it is sustainable
 Better fishing techniques like using different gear types depending on the type of fish and habitat.
 Avoiding fishing in places where fish lay eggs may allow fish stocks to grow by giving adults a chance to reproduce.
 People should be taught about the dangers of overfishing.

Related pages 
Over-harvesting

References 

Environmental issues
Fishing
School holidays are the periods when schools close for a break. The dates and length of school holidays are very different throughout the world. Governments often pass laws on the total number of school days for public schools. Private schools usually decide their own holidays.

Popular Holidays

Christmas Holidays
In all Christan countries and some countries with different religions there are holidays called Christmas Holidays where people don't have to go to school and they can spend time with their families. Usually in the Northern Hemisphere Christmas holidays last for about 2 weeks. But in the Southern Hemisphere, it is summer holidays so the Christmas Holidays usually last from about 6-14 weeks depending on the country.
Easter Holidays
Christan countries also celebrate the Easter holidays which can last for about a week or two weeks. In the Northern Hemisphere this is also known as Spring break because it is Spring during Easter in the Northern Hemisphere while in the Southern Hemisphere these are just known as the Easter holidays because it is Autunm over there.
Summer Vacation
In places like America, summer vacation usually lasts from June until September (14 weeks) while in other places like England, summer vacation (or known as summer holidays over there) last for about 6 weeks from late July until the begining of September because they have a 2 week holiday for Christmas and a 2 week holiday for Easter and several 1 week holidays. In places like Australia, because they're in the Southern Hemisphere, they have their holidays for about 6 weeks like England but have their holidays from about mid December to late January because they have the two two week holidays like England and an extra two week holiday in October without having the extra one week holidays.

Holidays
Education
Yevlakh is a small city in Azerbaijan.  It is  west of capital Baku. It is in the Yevlakh Rayon but is separate. The name is from an Old Turkic word meaning 'swampy place.' It was the birthplace of Pavel Florensky.

References 

World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan – World-Gazetteer.com

Cities in Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Zardab (Zərdab) is a raion in Azerbaijan.  It is in central Azerbaijan. The capital is Zardab.

Notable people
Hasan bey Zardabi, Azerbaijani publicist

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Agsu (Ağsu) is a raion in central Azerbaijan.  The name is from “Agsuchay",a river that goes through the raion.  There is one city (Agsu city) and 78 villages.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region
Gobustan is a raion of Azerbaijan. There are 37,137 people. The capital is Qobustan.  It was called Maraza until 2009.  It is about 50 miles west of Baku.

Other websites
 Official District Website

Districts of Azerbaijan
Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region
Ismayilli District () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country and belongs to the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qabala, Quba, Goychay, Kurdamir, Agsu, and Shamakhi. Its capital and largest city is Ismayilli. As of 2020, the district had a population of 87,400. It is believed that this district was named after a highly respected elder and philanthropist in the community, Ismayil Baghiyev.

References 

Districts of Azerbaijan
Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region
Shamakhi or Shamakhy is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is the historical center of the region of Shirvan.

Famous people
 Falaki Shirvani,poet, (1107 Shamakhi - 1157 Shamakhi)
 Khagani Shirvani, poet, (1121/1122 Shamakhi) - 1190 Tabriz
 Imadaddin Nasimi, poet, (1369 Shamakhi) –1417 skinned alive in Aleppo)
 Seyid Azim Shirvani, poet, (10 July 1835 - 1 Iyun 1888)
 Muhammed hadi,  poet,  (1879 Shamakhi - 1920 Ganja)
 Abbas Sahhat, poet, (1874, Shamakhi – 11 July 1918, Ganja)
 Ziver bey Ahmedbeyov, architect, (1873 Shamakhi - 1925 Bakı)
 Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, historian, ethnographer, philosopher and poet,(16 August 1780, Shamakhy — 1838, near Jeddah),
 Sultan Mejid Qanizade, enlighter, teacher, writer
 Mirza Alakbar Sabir, poet, (30 May 1862, Shamakhy – 12 July 1911, Shamakhy).

Districts of Azerbaijan
Aghstafa is a raion in the northwestern Azerbaijan. There are 36 villages in the raion.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Dashkasan is a raion of Azerbaijan. The district was called Dastafur until 1956.

The district is in northwestern Azerbaijan.  It is 33–41 km away from Ganja.  The capital of the raion is Dashkasan city.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
The Big C is an American comedy-drama television program by Darlene Hunt. It began on August 16, 2010 and is shown on Showtime. It ended on May 20, 2013. The show is set in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It stars Laura Linney as Cathy Jamison, a suburban teacher who is diagnosed with melanoma. Her husband Paul Jamison is played by Oliver Platt. Their teenage son Adam Jamison is played by Gabriel Basso. Her brother Sean Tolke, who is bipolar, is played by John Benjamin Hickey.

Other websites 

2010 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
2010s American television series
American comedy-drama television series
Bipolar disorder in fiction
Cancer in fiction
Fiction about suburbia
Minneapolis
Minnesota in fiction
English-language television programs
We Came as Romans is an American post-hardcore band from Troy, Michigan. We Came as Romans has six members in the band; the current band members are Joshua Moore, David Stephens, Eric Choi, Brian "Lou" Cotton, Andrew Glass and Kyle Pavone. The band was originally named This Emergency but was later changed to We Came as Romans in the summer of 2006.

Band members 

Current
Joshua Moore – guitar (2005–present)
David Stephens – unclean vocals, guitar, backing vocals (2008–present)
Eric Choi – drums (2006–present)
Brian "Lou" Cotton - guitar (2006–present)
Andrew Glass - Bass guitar (2006-present)
Kyle Pavone - clean vocal, keyboards, synthesizer (2008-2018)

Former
Chris Moore – clean vocals, keyboards, piano (2007–2008)
Mark Myatt – lead vocals (2005)
Larry Clark – lead vocals (2005–2008)
Jonny Nabors – bass guitar (2005)
Sean E. Daly – bass guitar (2005–2006)
Sean N. Zelda - drums (2005–2006)

Discography 
So far as of 2012, We Came as Romans have released 2 studio albums:
Albums
To Plant a Seed (2009)
Understanding What We've Grown to Be (2011)
hybrid theory (2013)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Post-hardcore bands
Metalcore bands
Musical groups from Michigan
Sleeping with Sirens is an American post-hardcore band from Orlando, Florida. The band has five members. As of 2015, they were Gabe Barham, Jack Fowler, Justin Hills, Nick Martin and Kellin Quinn. The band was formed in 2009 by the band members from For All We Know, Broadway and We Are Defiance. They released their first album, With Ears to See and Eyes to Hear, on March 23, 2010. It started at #7 on the Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart and at #36 on Top Independent Albums.

Band members 

Current
Gabe Barham – drums (2009–present)
Jack Fowler – rhythm guitar (2011–present)
Justin Hills – bass guitar (2009–present)
Nick Martin - rythm guitar, backing vocals (2013–present)
Kellin Quinn - lead vocals, keyboards, programming (2009-present)
Former
Jesse Lawson -  rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2010-2013)
 Brandon McMaster – lead guitar, backing vocals (2009–2010)
Nick Trombino – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2009-2010)
Paul Russell – bass guitar (2009)
Dave Aguliar – rhythm guitar (2009)
Alex Kaladjian – drums (2009)

Discography

Albums
With Ears to See and Eyes to Hear (2009)
Let's Cheers to This (2011)
If You Were a Movie, This Would Be Your Soundtrack (2012)
Feel (2013)
 Madness (2015)

References

Other websites 
Official blog 

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Post-hardcore bands
Musical groups from Orlando, Florida
was a  after Tengyō and before Tentoku.  This period started in April 947 and ended in October 957. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Tenryaku era
 947 (Tenryaku 1, 9th month): Construction began on the Kitano Shrine.
 947 (Tenryaku 1, 11th month): The emperor went hunting at Uji.
 948 (Tenryaku 2): There was a great drought in the summer and strong rains in the autumn.
 29 September 948 (Tenryaku 2, 24th day of the 8th month): The sun and the moon were both visible in the sky at the same time.
 949 (Tenryaku 3, 14th day of the 8th month): Fujiwara no Tadahira died at the age of 70.  He had been sesshō for 20 years, and he was kampaku for 8 years.
 9 September 949 (Tenryaku 3, 9th month): Former-Emperor Yōzei died at the age of 82.
 950 (Tenryaku 4, 7th month): Murakami causes a proclamation that his infant son, Norihira, will be his official heir and Crown Prince.
 951 (Tenryaku 5): The pagoda at Daigo-ji is now the oldest building in Kyoto.
 7 October 952 (Tenryaku 6, 15th day of the 8th month): Former-Emperor Suzaku died at the age of 30.

Related pages 
 Heian period

References
References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
947 establishments
10th-century establishments in Japan
957 disestablishments
10th-century disestablishments in Japan
Alexisonfire is a Canadian post-hardcore band from St. Catharines, Ontario. Alexisonfire has six members in the band; they are George Pettit, Chris Steele, Wade MacNeil, Dallas Green, Jesse Ingelevics and Jordan "Ratbeard" Hastings. The band was formed in 2001 by the band members from Condemning Salemn, Helicon Blue and Plan 9. They released their self-titled first album on September 9, 2002. Alexisonfire split up in 2011. But returned in 2022 with the album otherness, which they won a Juno for that year.

Band members 

George Pettit – lead vocals (2001–2011)
Dallas Green – guitar, piano, vocals (2001–2010)
Wade MacNeil – guitar, vocals (2001–2011)
Chris Steele – bass guitar (2001–2011)
Jordan "Ratbeard" Hastings – drums, percussion (2005–2011)
Jesse Ingelevics - drums, percussion (2001–2005)

Discography 
Alexisonfire released 4 studio albums:

Albums
Alexisonfire (2002)
Watch Out! (2004)
Crisis (2006)
Old Crows / Young Cardinals (2009) 
Otherness (2022)

References

Other websites 
Official website
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian punk bands
Post-hardcore bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups established in 2001
2001 establishments in Canada
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
2011 disestablishments in Canada
Dying Fetus is an American death metal band from Upper Marlboro, Maryland. Dying Fetus has three members in the band; the current band members are John Gallagher, Sean Beasley and Trey Williams. The band was formed in 1991 by the band member John Gallagher and former band member Jason Netherton. They released their debut album, Purification Through Violence, in 1996 and shortly afterwards left Pulverizer Records. They are currently signed to Relapse Records.

Band members 

Current
 John Gallagher - vocals, guitar (1991–present), drums (1991-1993)
 Sean Beasley - vocals, bass guitar (2001–present)
 Trey Williams - drums (2007-present)
Former
 Jason Netherton - bass, vocals (1991-2000)
 Nick Speleos - guitar, vocals (1991-1993)
 Rob Belton - drums (1993-1996)
 Brian Latta - guitar (1994-1998)
 Casey Buckler - drums (1995-1996)
 Eric Sayenga - drums (1996-1997, 2001-2005)
 Kevin Talley - drums (1997-2001)
 John "Sparky" Voyles - guitar (1999-2001)
 Vince Matthews - vocals (2001-2005)
 Duane Timlin - drums (2006-2007)
 Mike Kimball- guitar (2003-2007)

Discography

Albums
 Purification Through Violence (1996)
 Killing on Adrenaline (1998)
 Destroy the Opposition (2000)
 Stop at Nothing (2003)
 War of Attrition (2007)
 Descend into Depravity (2009)
 Reign Supreme (2012)

References

Other websites 
 Official website

American heavy metal bands
Death metal bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups from Maryland
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Maryland
was a  after Tenryaku and before Ōwa.  This period started in October 957 and ended in February 961.  The reigning emperors was .

Events of the Tentoku era
 957 (Tentoku 1, 4th month): The emperor celebrated the 50th birthday of Fujiwara Morosuke.
 958 (Tentoku 2, 3rd month): Fujiwara Saneyori is honored with the privilege of traveling by cart.
 16 October 960 (Tentoku 4, 23rd day of the 9th month): The Imperial palace burned down.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
10th-century establishments in Japan
960s disestablishments in Japan
957 establishments
961 disestablishments
Gary Arlen Kildall (May 19, 1942 – July 11, 1994) was a computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur. Born to parents Joseph and Emma Kildal, Gary studied math at the University of Washington (UW) because he wanted to become a math teacher. However, he began getting in computer technology. Joseph was the creator of the CP/M operating system and the founder of Digital Research, Inc. (DRI). Kildall was one of the first people to see microprocessors as fully capable computers rather than equipment controllers and to organize a company around this concept.
He also co-hosted the PBS TV show The Computer Chronicles. Although his career in computing spanned for more than 20 years, he is most known in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP/M for the IBM PC. Gary died from alcoholism and hitting his head in 1994 at the age of 52.

References
Kildall, Gary (1973). "A Unified Approach to Global Program Optimization". Proceedings of the 1st Annual ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages.
 Manes, Stephen; Paul Andrews (1992). Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry—and Made Himself the Richest Man in America Doubleday. .
 Akass, Clive. Interview: Gordon Eubanks, Former Student & CEO of Oblix, Inc., Recollections of Gary Kildall. DigitalResearch.biz.
 Wallace, James; Jim Erickson (1993), Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire, .
 Andrews, Paul. "A Career Spent in Gates' Shadow — Computer Pioneer Dies at 52", Seattle Times, July 14, 1994.
 Rolander, Tom (July 15, 1994). Eulogy. Tom Rolander's Website and Album.
 Markoff, John. "Gary Kildall, 52, Crucial Player In Computer Development, Dies", New York Times, July 13, 1994, p. D19.
 "Special Edition: Gary Kildall". The Computer Chronicles TV show, 1995.
Swaine, Michael (April 1, 1997). "Gary Kildall and Collegial Entrepreneurship". Dr. Dobb's Journal.
 Wendy Goldman Rohm (1998), The Microsoft File, .
 Kirkpatrick, Don (January 12, 1999). comp.os.cpm Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).
 Eubanks, Gordon. Interview with Daniel S. Morrow. "Gordon Eubanks Oral History (Computerworld Honors Program International Archives).", Cupertino, CA. November 8, 2000.
 Freiberger, Paul; Michael Swaine [1984] (2000). Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, 2nd edition, New York: McGraw-Hill. .
 Evans, Harold; Gail Buckland; David Lefer (2004). They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators. Little, Brown and Co. .
 Hamm, Steve; Jay Greene (October 25, 2004). "The Man Who Could Have Been Bill Gates," BusinessWeek.
Other websites 
 Computer Chronicles - Gary Kildall Special. Documentary Video Originally broadcast in 1995.
 Digital Research tribute to Dr. Kildall
 "Kildall, Industry Pioneer"  in Microprocessor Report vol 8, no. 10, August 1, 1994 (pdf format)
 Internet archive of defunct Digital Research website
 The Gary Kildall Legacy  by Sol Libes
 The man who could have been richer than Bill Gates 
 Gary Kildall and Collegial Entrepreneurship by Michael Swaine

1942 births
1994 deaths
American computer scientists
American chief executives
Scientists from Seattle
Businesspeople from Seattle
Gadabay is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is known for its potatoes and its gold fields. The famous Siemens company worked here in the Tsarist era.  

Districts of Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Ganja is Azerbaijan's second-largest city.  There are around 313,300 people. It was named Yelizavetpol in the Russian Empire period. The name is from the New Persian ganj which means treasure.  It was likely started in the 5th century A.D.

Ganja International Airport is the only airport in the city.

Education
Ganja has four places for post-secondary education.
 Ganja State University
 Azerbaijan State Agricultural Academy
 Azerbaijan Technological University
 Azerbaijan Teachers Institute, Ganja Branch

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
5th-century establishments
Establishments in Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Gazakh (also known as Kazakh or Gazakh) is a raion of Azerbaijan. It has two exclaves inside Armenia, Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli.  They both came under Armenian occupation during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Goygol is a raion (district) in northwestern Azerbaijan. It used to be named Khanlar.  It was named "Goygol" after Lake Goygol on April 25, 2008. The capital is the city of Goygol.

There are 54,000 people. The city of Goygol is the largest town, followed by Hajimelik. Important villages are: Balchili, Gushgara, Chayli, Mollajalilli, and Topalhasanli.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Goranboy is a raion of Azerbaijan.  Following fighting during the 1991–1992 some land in the south of the rayon is controlled by Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh. The southern half of the rayon is claimed by the self-declared Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. 

Districts of Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Carnivoramorpha are a clade of mammals that includes the modern order Carnivora. It is basal to the Carnivora but does not include the Creodonts, which are a separate order.

Classification & phylogeny 
Superfamily †Miacoidea
Family †Miacidae 
genera: Chailicyon, Eostictis, Miacis, Miocyon, Oodectes, Palaearctonyx, Paramiacis, Paroodectes, Prodaphaemus, Quercygale, Tapocyon, Uintacyon, Vassacyon, Vulpavus, Xinyuictis, Ziphacodon
Family †Viverravidae 
genera: Bryanictis, Didymictis, Ictidopappus, Pristinictis, Protictis, Raphictis, Simpsonictis, Viverravus
Order Carnivora
Superfamily Caniformia or Canoidea
Superfamily Feliformia or Feloidea

References
Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines is a French city. It is in the western suburbs of Paris. About 146,598 people lived here in 2007.

Education 
 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

Communes in Yvelines
Vélizy-Villacoublay is a French commune. It is in the southwestern suburbs of Paris 13.9 km (8.6 mi) from the center and 3.2 km (2.0 mi) east of Versailles. About 20,030 people lived here in 2006.

Education 
 Institut des sciences et techniques des Yvelines
 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

Communes in Yvelines
Rambouillet is a French commune. It is in the western suburbs of Paris 44.3 km (27.5 mi) from the center. About 26,454 people lived here in 2006.

Education 
 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

Communes in Yvelines
Subprefectures in France
Le Chesnay is a former French commune. It is in the western suburbs of Paris 16.7 km (10.4 mi) from the center. About 30,227 people lived here in 2006. André-Mignot Hospital is located in the city.

On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt.

Education 
 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

References 

Former communes in Yvelines
Mantes-la-Jolie is a French commune. It is in the western suburbs of Paris 48.4 km (30.1 mi) from the center. About 42,365 people lived here in 2006.

Education 
 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

Communes in Yvelines
Subprefectures in France
Mantes-la-Ville is a French commune. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, which is about 48.6 km (30.2 mi) from the center. About 18,710 people lived here in 2006. The mayor is Cyril Nauth since March 2014.

Education 
 Institut des sciences et techniques des Yvelines
 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

Communes in Yvelines
Call of Duty: Black Ops II is first-person shooter video game which was released on November 13, 2012. It is known for its great graphics and realistic gameplay. It was developed by the developer studio Treyarch and published by Activision.

It was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360. and the Wii U. Black Ops 2 is the ninth game in the Call of Duty series and a sequel to Call of Duty: Black Ops, which was released in 2010.

Black Ops 2 is the first game in the Call of Duty series to have a complete story which plays in the future.

Story
Black Ops II begins in the year 2025, where China and the United States are in a cold war after China stops exporting rare earth elements. In this future setting, militaries use robotic weaponry, cyberwarfare, unmanned vehicles and futuristic technology. Militaries on both sides are concerned that the unmanned weaponry can be hacked. Players take the role of a military CIA commander David Mason, who is the son of the main protagonist from the previous game, Alex Mason. The antagonist of the game, Raul Menendez is trying to carry out a massive cyber attack to hack unmanned weaponry used by the United States. Mason and his team desperately try to capture Menendez and uncover his plans. They succeed in capturing him, only to find out that he had planned to be captured so that he could launch the cyber attack directly from the CIA military base. Menendez succeeds in doing this, and the city of Los Angeles is comes under attack by hacked unmanned weaponry
. Mason is able to stop Menendez, and the player has the choice to kill or capture him.
Throughout the story mode the player has to go through multiple missions, and many of them are difficult. There is also a multiplayer mode, and a zombies game mode. 
The popularity of the multiplayer mode has decreased with the arrival newer games, though it still has a dedicated fan base.

References

Other websites

Black Ops II
2012 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Lusitania () was an ancient Roman province in modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and part of western Spain (Extremadura and a part of the province of Salamanca).

Places of Ancient Rome
The Gulf of Tonkin resolution (August 1964) was a joint resolution by the United States Congress for the United States to begin the Vietnam War. For a decade the CIA had been sending in South Vietnamese teams on sabotage missions to the North. American ships such as the Maddox went on espionage missions in the North's coastal waters. U.S. President Johnson claimed that the North Vietnamese had made two attacks on the Maddox and the Turner Joy in the Gulf of Tonkin. On the 4th of August he asked for congressional support to return the attacks.

Background
Background

The government had written up a resolution in June 1964. Believing that the lives of American sailors were in danger from the North Vietnamese, Congress willingly passed the resolution. The resolution gave the president the power to start war in Vietnam. As Johnson said, it was "like grandma's night shirt - it covered everything". The resolution would end when the president believed that the situation in Southeast Asia was safe or when Congress decided to terminate it. Senator Mansfield was unconvinced that the U.S. was acting correctly.

Results and significance
With the resolution, Johnson appeared to have the nation behind him. Now the war could really be taken to the North. This escalation for the U.S. in the Vietnam War made Johnson look tough. His public approval rating rose from 42 to 72 percent, helping him to win the presidential election. The resolution and the presidential election suggested a nation united behind its president in his Vietnam policy.

Other websites
Original document
1964 in the United States
Vietnam War
August events
Carnassials are large teeth used for shearing flesh and bone in a scissor- or shear-like way. They are found in many carnivorous mammals, 

In the Carnivora, the carnassials are the modified last upper premolar and the first molar. In the Creodonta, the carnassials were further back in the jaw–first upper and second lower or second upper and third lower molars.

Wear and cracking of the carnassial teeth in a wild carnivore (e.g. wolves, lions) may result in the death of the individual due to starvation.

References 

Teeth
Mammals
Brian Russell De Palma (born September 11, 1940) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Newark, New Jersey to Italian American Roman Catholic parents Anthony De Palma (1904-2005) and Vivienne (née Muti). He was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in New Hampshire. 

De Palma directed Carrie, The Fury, Dressed to Kill, Blow Out, Scarface, Body Double, Wise Guys, The Untouchables, Casualties of War, The Bonfire of the Vanities, Raising Cain, Carlito's Way, Mission: Impossible, Snake Eyes, Mission to Mars, Femme Fatale and The Black Dahlia.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Actors from New Hampshire
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from Philadelphia
American movie actors
American movie editors
American television actors
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie directors from Pennsylvania
Movie producers from New Jersey
Movie producers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Screenwriters from New Jersey
Screenwriters from Pennsylvania
Writers from New Hampshire
Writers from Philadelphia
1940 births
Living people
The  was a major event in the history of Tokyo, which was called Edo before 1868.  

The fire destroyed more than half of the city of Edo in March 1657.

History
The fire lasted for more than one day:
 March 2–3, 1657 (Meireki 3, 18th-19th days of the 1st month): The city of Edo was destroyed by the "Great Fire of Meireki".

An estimated 100,000 lives were lost. 

Edo was soon re-built.

References

Other websites 

Fires in Asia
History of Tokyo
1657
1650s in Japan
Poltergeist is a 1982 American horror movie set in Orange County, California. It was directed by Tobe Hooper. It stars Craig T. Nelson, JoBeth Wiliams, Beatrice Straight, Dominique Dunne, Oliver Robins, Richard Lawson and Heather O'Rourke.

It was followed by two sequels: Poltergeist II: The Other Side and Poltergeist III. It was remade in 2015.

Other websites 

1982 horror movies
1980s ghost movies
American ghost movies
Supernatural horror movies
BAFTA Award winning movies
1980s English-language movies
Haunted house movies
Movies about suburbia
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Movies set in California
Orange County, California
Jackie Mason (born Yacov Moshe Maza; June 9, 1928 – July 24, 2021) was an American stand-up comedian and actor. 

His 1986 one-man show The World According to Me won a Special Tony Award, an Outer Critics Circle Award, an Ace Award, an Emmy Award, and a Grammy nomination. Later, his 1988 special Jackie Mason on Broadway won another Emmy Award. He was known for his voice role as Rabbi Hyman Krustofski in The Simpsons, which won Mason a third Emmy Award.

Personal life
Mason was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin and grew up in New York City.   He graduated from the City College of New York. In 1991, he married Jyll Rosenfeld. He has a daughter from another relationship.

Previously a Democrat, Mason was a registered Republican and defended former President Donald Trump on many issues.

Mason died on July 24, 2021 at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City after being hospitalized for over two weeks, aged 93.

Works
Selected TV, film and radio roles
The Ed Sullivan Show (1961–1968) frequent guest appearances
The Stoolie (1972) - Roger Pitman
Sleeper (1973) - Voice of robot tailor (uncredited)
 The Jerk (1979) - Harry Hartounian
 History of the World: Part I (1981) - Jew #2
 Jackie Mason Radio Show live from Rum Runner Bay, Miami Beach (1982) produced by John L.Woolley
 Caddyshack II (1988) - Jack Hartounian
 Chicken Soup (1989) - Jackie Fisher
 The Simpsons - Rabbi Hyman Krustofski in five episodes:
"Like Father, Like Clown" (1991)
"Today I Am a Clown" (2003)
"Once Upon a Time in Springfield" (2009)
"Treehouse of Horror XXII" (2011)
"The Ten-Per-Cent Solution" (2011)
 The Fairly OddParents episode "Beddy Bye/The Grass Is Greener" (2003) - Harvey Sandman a.k.a. The Sandman, a.k.a. The Mattress King
 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy - The Quandary Phase (2005) - The East River Lifeform
 30 Rock episode The Collection (2007) - Himself (small guest appearance)
The Drinky Crow Show episode "Aspire" (2009) -  Mort Cooper
 Jackie Goldberg: Private Dick (2010) - Jackie Goldberg
 Answer Me This! Episode 206 (2012) - Jackie Mason
 Graham Norton BBC Radio 4 Show! (2012) - Jackie Mason
Television specialsJackie Mason's The World According to Me! (1988)An Audience with Jackie Mason (1990)Jackie Mason on Campus (1992)Jackie Mason at the London Palladium (1996)Jackie Mason: A Night at the Opera (2002)

DiscographyI'm the Greatest Comedian in the World, Only Nobody Knows it Yet! (1962)I Want to Leave You with the Words of a Great Comedian (1963)The World According to Me! (1987)Brand New (1991)Politically IncorrectIn IsraelLive at the London Palladium (1997)All New! Much Ado About Everything (2003)Prune DanishThe Unholy TourFreshly SqueezedThe Ultimate Jew (2008)

One-man showsJackie Mason's the World According to Me! (1986–1988)Jackie Mason: Brand New (1990–1991)Jackie Mason: Politically Incorrect (1994–1995)Love Thy Neighbor (1996–1997)Much Ado About Everything (1999–2000)Jackie Mason: Prune Danish (2002–2003)Jackie Mason: Freshly Squeezed (2005–2006)Jackie Mason: The Ultimate Jew'' (2008)

References

Other websites
Other websites 

1931 births
2021 deaths
Actors from New York City
Actors from Wisconsin
American movie actors
Screenwriters from New York City
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Emmy Award winning actors
Movie producers from New York (state)
Jewish American actors
Jewish American writers
Jewish American comedians
Tony Award winning actors
Writers from Wisconsin
Republicans (United States)
Comedians from Wisconsin
People from Sheboygan, Wisconsin
The Certificat de formation à la sécurité (CFS) (in English Safety training certificate) is the French national degree required to be flight attendant in France. It replaces the Certificat de Sécurité Sauvetage (CSS) since the 16th of July 2008. It consists of a theoretical and a practical part, each of them contains teaching in aviation safety and first aid.

References 

Aviation in France
Education in France
Aviation licenses and certifications
Academic degrees
Naftalan is a city in Azerbaijan.  It is surrounded by the rayon of Goranboy. It is on an agricultural plain near the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. The word naftalan also means a petroleum product which can be got there.

Archaeological findings in the region date to the 12th century AD.

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
12th-century establishments
Establishments in Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Samukh () is a raion of Azerbaijan. The term Samukh is from a Caucasian Albanian word for 'Forest Hunting Place'.
There are Bronze Age burial mounds around Nəbiağalı, the raion's administrative center.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Notable people
 
 Ahmad Javad, writer, author of National Anthem of Azerbaijan
 Farman Salmanov, famous Azerbaijani and Soviet geologist
 Yaqub Hajıyev, academician
 Fazil Mammadov, Minister of Taxes of Azerbaijan Republic
 Rustam Aliyev, academician and professor
 Zakir Abdullayev, geologist
 Eldar Məsimov, professor and dean at Baku State University
 Vaqif Seyidov, Surgeon General at Leyla Shikhlinskaya Clinic in Baku
 Leyla Bədirbəyli, famous Azerbaijani and Soviet actress
 Teymur Əhmədov, editor-in-chief of "Republic" newspaper
 Gülxar Həsənova, famous Azerbaijani and Soviet actress
 Zülfiqar Abdullayev, statesman and politician
 Davud Hajiyev, rector of Ganja State University
 Mübariz Qurbanlı, deputy chief of Yeni Azerbaijan Party.
 Tajaddin Mehdiyev, former Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan
 Oruj Musayev, held managerial positions at the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic
 Paşa Qəlbinur, poet and dean of the Azerbaijan State Medical University

References
References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region
Tovuz is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is  from Baku. A major train line runs through the center, stopping at Tovuz Stansiya.  Tovuz also borders Armenia near the village of Eli Beli.  The town of Tovuz is the capital of this raion.  There are 113 settlements.

Notable residents

 Ganira Pashayeva, Member (MP) of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan for Tovuz Raion and journalist

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Quba District () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north-east of the country and belongs to the Quba-Khachmaz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qusar, Qabala, Ismayilli, Shamakhi, Shabran, and Khachmaz. Its capital and largest city is Quba. As of 2020, the district had a population of 173,400.

The fertile region surrounding Quba is best known for its production of apples and the city area of Quba is known for its fine carpets.

Notable residents 
 Abbasgulu Bakikhanov (also spelt Bakixanov or Bakikhanli), a 19th-century writer, historian and philosopher, is one of the most well known men in Azerbaijan and lived in town Amsar. His museum is in Quba city.
 Sakina Akhundzadeh, playwright, was born here in 1865

References 

Districts of Azerbaijan
Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region
Qusar is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is Qusar.  98% of the people are Muslim.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region
Khachmaz is a raion in northeastern Azerbaijan.  The capital is Khachmaz.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region
Shabran () is a raion of Azerbaijan. It was renamed from Davachi (Dəvəçi) in 2010.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region
Siazan () is a raion in Azerbaijan.  The capital is Siyəzən. The region has many Tats who speak the Tat language. The word Siyazan means "black female" in Tat. In 2010 there were 37,900 people.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region
Qubadli District () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-west of the country and belongs to the Eastern Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Khojavend, Jabrayil, Zangilan, and the Syunik Province of Armenia.

Its capital and largest city is Qubadli. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 41,600.

References 

Districts of Azerbaijan
Kalbajar–Lachin Economic Region
Kalbajar District () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Eastern Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Khojaly, Agdam, Tartar, Goranboy, Goygol, Dashkasan, as well as the Gegharkunik and Vayots Dzor provinces of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Kalbajar. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 94,100.

The district was occupied by Armenian forces during the 1990s Nagorno-Karabakh War and all of its original Azerbaijani population were expelled or killed. Most of the district was returned in 2020 as a result of a ceasefire ending the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Kalbajar–Lachin Economic Region