Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
From 2001 
 2001 - Leopold Sedar Senghor, 1st President of Senegal (b. 1906)
 2009 - Brittany Murphy, American actress (b. 1977)
 2010 - Brian Hanrahan, British journalist (b. 1949)
 2011 - Hana Andronikova, Czech writer (b. 1967)
 2012 - Jimmy McCracklin, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1921)
 2013 - Nelly Omar, Argentine actress and singer (b. 1911)
 2014 - John Freeman, English politician, diplomat and broadcaster (b. 1915)
 2014 - Bob Lanier, American businessman and politician, Mayor of Houston (b. 1925)
 2015 - Ray Mathews, American football player (b. 1929)
 2015 - Patricia Elliott, American actress (b. 1938)
 2016 - Michèle Morgan, French actress (b. 1920)
 2017 - William Agee, American business executive (b. 1938)
 2017 - Florence Bjelke-Petersen, Australian politician (b. 1920)
 2017 - Henryk Cioch, Polish lawyer and politician (b. 1951)
 2017 - Annie Goetzinger, French comic artist (b. 1951)
 2017 - Bernard Francis Law, American cardinal (b. 1931)
2017 - Red Murrell, American basketball player (b. 1933)
 2017 - Stan Pilecki, Polish-born Australian rugby player (b. 1947)
 2017 - Randolph Quirk, British linguist and life peer (b. 1920)
 2018 - F. W. Bernstein, German poet and cartoonist (b. 1938)
 2018 - Klaus Hagerup, Norwegian author (b. 1946)
 2018 - Donald Moffat, English-American actor (b. 1930)
 2019 - Fazle Hasan Abed, Bangladeshi philanthropist (b. 1936)
 2019 - Matti Ahde, Finnish politician (b. 1945)
 2019 - Zilda Cardoso, Brazilian actress (b. 1936)
 2019 - Thomas Chandy, Indian politician (b. 1947)
 2019 - Junior Johnson, American racing driver (b. 1931)
 2019 - Eduard Krieger, Austrian footballer (b. 1946)
 2019 - Roland Matthes, German swimmer (b. 1950)
 2019 - Yuri Pshenichnikov, Uzbek-Russian handball player (b. 1940)
 2019 - Daniel Selvaraj, Indian writer (b. 1938)
 2020 - Nicette Bruno, Brazilian actress (b. 1933)
 2020 - Doug Anthony, Australian politician (b. 1929)
 2020 - Fanny Waterman, British pianist (b. 1920)
Observances 
 Earliest possible date for the December Solstice (usually on December 21 or 22)
 International Day of Human Solidarity

Days of the year
Up to 1900 
 418 – St. Boniface I becomes Pope.
 457 - Majorian is crowned West Roman Emperor.
 484 - Alaric II becomes King of the Visigoths.
 856 - A Viking attack on Paris occurs.
 893 - An earthquake destroys the city of Dvin, Armenia.
 1065 – Westminster Abbey is consecrated.
 1308 – The reign of Emperor Hanazono, the 95th imperial ruler of Japan, began.
 1612 – Galileo Galilei was the first astronomer to observe the planet Neptune when it was in conjunction with Jupiter, yet there is dispute as to whether he mistakenly catalogued it as a fixed star because of its extremely slow motion along the ecliptic at that time. Neptune was not officially discovered until 1846, about 234 years after Galileo first sighted it with his telescope.
 1768 - Taksin is crowned King of Siam.
 1832 – John C. Calhoun becomes the first Vice President of the United States to resign.
 1835 – Osceola led his Seminole warriors in Florida into the Second Seminole War against the U.S. Army.
1836 – South Australia and Adelaide are founded
 1836 – Spain recognizes independence of Mexico.
 1846 – Iowa is admitted as the 29th U.S. state.
 1867 - The United States claims Midway Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, northwest of Hawaii. This is the first US annexation of territory outside the North American continent.
 1879 – The Tay Rail Bridge Disaster: The central part of the Tay Rail Bridge in Dundee, Scotland collapses as a train passes over it, killing 75.
 1885 - The Indian National Congress is founded.
 1895 – The Lumiere brothers have their first paying audience at the Grand Cafe in Boulevard des Capucines—this date is commonly considered the debut of the cinema.
 1895 - Wilhelm Roentgen publishes a paper detailing  his discovery of a new type of radiation later known as X-Rays.
 1897 – The play Cyrano de Bergerac, by Edmond Rostand, premieres in Paris.
1901  2000 
 1902 – The first indoor professional American football game is played in New York City at Madison Square Garden.
 1904 - Alphonse Louis Nicolas Borrelly discovers a comet that is named after him.
 1908 – An earthquake rocks Messina, Sicily, killing over 75,000 people.
 1918 - Constance Markievicz, while detained at Holloway prison, becomes the first woman to be elected an MP in the British House of Commons.
 1935 - Pravda publishes a letter by Pavel Postyshev, who revives the New Year tree tradition in the Soviet Union.
 1944 - Maurice Richard becomes the first player to score eight goals in a single ice hockey match.
 1945 – The U.S. Congress officially recognizes the Pledge of Allegiance.
 1948 - The DC-3 airliner NC16002 disappears 50 miles south of Miami, Florida.
 1950 – The Peak District becomes the United Kingdom's first National Park.
 1958 - Greatest Game Ever Played: The Baltimore Colts win in overtime against the New York Giants.
1972 - Having already led the country since the late 1940s, Kim Il-Sung is declared President of North Korea.
 1973 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn publishes The Gulag Archipelago.
 1973 - The US Endangered Species Act is passed in the US.
 1974 - A magnitude 6.2 earthquake strikes Pakistan.
 1978 - Heavy snowfall affects Northern Europe.
 1981 – The first American test-tube baby, Elizabeth Jordan Carr, is born (Norfolk, Virginia).
 1984 - The Indian National Congress wins elections in India.
 1989 - A magnitude 5.6 earthquake strikes Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
 1991 – Nine are crushed while a crowd pushes their way into a basketball game at City College of New York.
 1991 – Sonic the Hedgehog Game Gear version is released in Japan.
 1995 – CompuServe sets a precedent by blocking access to sex-oriented newsgroups after being pressured by German prosecutors.
1998 – Claudia Benton of West University Place, Texas is murdered in her home by Angel Maturino Resendiz. This is Angel's third victim in his third incident.
 1999 – Saparmurat Niyazov is proclaimed President for Life in Turkmenistan.
 2000 – Adrian Năstase becomes the Prime Minister of Romania.
 2000 – U.S. retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years.
From 2001 
 2007 – Nepal announces its intention to become a Republic.
 2008 - War in Somalia: Militaries of Somalia's transitional federal government take Mogadishu unopposed.
 2008 - The Detroit Lions become the first team with no wins and 16 losses after their loss to the Green Bay Packers in week 17.
 2009 – 43 people are killed in a suicide bombing in Karachi.
 2010 - Arab Spring: Protests begin in Algeria.
 2011 - Turkish war planes bomb 34 Kurds of Turkish nationality in the district of Uludere.
 2012 - Jiroemon Kimura surpasses Christian Mortensen's record as the oldest-recorded man ever.
 2014 - Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 disappears on a flight from Surabaya, Java, Indonesia to Singapore, with 162 people on board. It is now known to have crashed with the loss of all of the people on board.
2014 - A ferry travelling from Patras, Greece to Ancona, Italy, catches fire in the Adriatic Sea west of the island of Corfu. Five people are killed, while hundreds are rescued in difficult weather conditions.
 2015 - War in Iraq: Iraqi forces retake the city of Ramadi from Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant forces.
 2017 - Anti-government protests begin across Iran.
 2017 - 41 people are killed in a bomb attack in Kabul, Afghanistan.
 2017 - A fire at an apartment block in The Bronx, New York City, kills 12 people.
Up to 1900 
 1164 – Emperor Rokujo, Japanese Emperor (d. 1176)
 1522 - Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (d. 1583)
 1550 - Vicente Espinel, Spanish writer, musician and priest (d. 1624)
 1635 - Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of Charles I of England (d. 1650)
 1651 - Johann Krieger, German composer and organist (d. 1735)
 1655 - Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis, English politician (d. 1698)
 1665 - George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general (d. 1716)
 1769 - Alexander John Forsyth, Scottish clergyman and inventor (d. 1843)
 1789 - Thomas Ewing, American politician (d. 1871)
 1798 - Thomas James Henderson, Scottish astronomer (d. 1844)
 1818 - Carl Remigius Fresenius, German chemist (d. 1897)
 1835 - Archibald Geikie, Scottish geologist and writer (d. 1924)
 1842 – Calixa Lavallée, Canadian composer (d. 1891)
 1849 – Herbert von Bismarck, German politician (d. 1904)
 1851 - Joseph Mackey Brown, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1932)
1852 - Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, Spanish mathematician and inventor (d. 1936)
 1856 – Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States (d. 1924)
 1865 – Félix Vallotton, Swiss-French artist (d. 1925)
 1866 - Szymon Askenazy, Polish historian and diplomat (d. 1935)
 1870 - Charles Bennett, British athlete (d. 1949)
 1872 – Pio Baroja, Spanish writer (d. 1956)
 1879 - Billy Mitchell, American military aviation pioneer (d. 1936)
 1882 – Arthur Stanley Eddington, British astrophysicist (d. 1942)
 1882 - Lili Elbe, Danish artist and model (d. 1931)
 1887 - Werner Kolhörster, German physicist (d. 1946)
 1887 - Walter Ruttmann, German cameraman and film director (d. 1941)
 1888 – Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, German-American movie director (d. 1931)
 1890 – Gösta Ekman, Swedish actor (d. 1938)
 1896 - Roger Sessions, American composer (d. 1985)
 1898 – Carl-Gustaf Rossby, Swedish meteorologist (d. 1957)
 1898 - Shigematsu Sakaibara, Japanese admiral (d. 1947)
 1899 – Eugeniusz Bodo, Polish actor (d. 1943)
1901  1950 
 1901 - Thomas Cooray, Sri Lankan cardinal (d. 1988)
 1902 - Mortimer Adler, American philosopher (d. 2001)
 1902 - Shen Congwen, Chinese writer (d. 1988)
 1903 – John von Neumann, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1957)
 1903 – Earl Hines, American musician (d. 1983)
 1904 - Sergei Yutkevich, Russian movie director (d. 1985)
 1905 – Cliff Arquette, American actor (d. 1973)
 1905 - Fulvio Bernardino, Italian footballer (d. 1984)
 1907 – Erich Mielke, East German politician (d. 2000)
 1908 – Lew Ayres, American actor (d. 1996)
 1910 - Billy Williams, American singer (d. 1972)
 1913 – Lou Jacobi, Canadian actor (d. 2009)
 1915 - Pops Staples, American musician (d. 2000)
 1917 – Ellis Clarke, 1st President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2010)
 1917 - Mouloud Mammeri, Algerian writer, poet, anthropologist and linguist (d. 1989)
 1920 - Princess Antoinette, Baroness of Massy, Monegasque royal (d. 2011)
 1920 - Steve Van Buren, American football player (d. 2012)
1921 – Johnny Otis, American songwriter (d. 2012)
 1921 - Al Wistert, American football player (d. 2016)
 1922 – Stan Lee, American comic writer
 1924 - Girma Wolde-Giorgis, former President of Ethiopia
 1925 – Milton Obote, President of Uganda (d. 2005)
 1925 – Hildegard Knef, German actress (d. 2002)
 1926 - Donna Hightower, American singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
 1927 - Edward Babiuch, Polish politician
 1929 – Terry Sawchuk, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1970)
 1930 - Franzl Lang, German singer and musician (d. 2015)
 1931 – Guy Debord, French writer (d. 1994)
 1931 - Martin Milner, American actor (d. 2015)
 1932 – Nichelle Nichols, American actress
 1932 – Manuel Puig, Argentine writer (d. 1990)
 1932 - Roy Hattersley, British politician
 1932 - Cornelius Gurlitt, German art collector (d. 2014)
 1932 - Dorsey Burnette, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
 1933 - John Y. Brown Jr., 55th Governor of Kentucky
 1934 - Alasdair Gray, Scottish writer and artist
1934 - Rudi Fassnacht, German football manager (d. 2000)
 1934 – Maggie Smith, British actress
 1936 - Lawrence Shiller, American journalist, director and producer
 1936 - Jacques Mesrine, French criminal (d. 1979)
 1937 – Ratan Tata, Indian industrialist
 1938 - Frank Kelly, Irish actor (d. 2016)
 1938 – Lagumot Harris, Nauruan politician (d. 1999)
 1938 - Dick Sudhalter, American jazz musician (d. 2008)
 1938 - Charles Neville, American musician
 1939 - Frank McClintock, Scottish footballer
 1940 - Don Francisco, Chilean television presenter
 1941 - Intikhab Alam, Indian-Pakistani cricketer and coach
 1942 - Roger Swerts, Belgian cyclist
 1943 – Keith Floyd, British chef (d. 2009)
 1943 – Richard Whiteley, British television presenter (d. 2005)
 1943 - David Peterson, Canadian politician, 20th Premier of Ontario
 1943 - Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, Peruvian cardinal and Archbishop of Lima
 1943 - Joan Ruddock, Welsh politician
 1944 – Kary Mullis, American chemist
1944 - Johnny Isakson, American politician (d. 2021)
 1945 – King Birendra of Nepal (d. 2001)
 1946 – Edgar Winter, American rock musician
 1946 – Mike Beebe, American politician
 1946 - Tim Johnson, American politician
 1946 - Barbara, Lady Judge, American-English lawyer and businesswoman
 1947 - Mamphela Ramphele, South African politician
 1947 - Spencer Bachus, American politician
 1947 - Mark Washington, American football player
 1947 - Mustafa Akinci, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
 1950 – Alex Chilton, American musician (d. 2010)
 1950 - Hugh McDonald, American bass player
1951  1975 
 1951 - Ian Buruma, English-Dutch author and scholar
 1952 - Arun Jaitley, Indian lawyer and politician
 1952 - Bridget Prentice, British politician
 1953 - Richard Clayderman, French pianist
 1953 - Martha Wash, American singer (The Weather Girls)
 1954 - Gayle King, American magazine editor
 1954 – Denzel Washington, American actor
 1955 – Liu Xiaobo, Chinese human rights activist (d. 2017)
 1956 – Nigel Kennedy, English violinist
 1958 – Terry Butcher, English footballer
 1959 - Hansjörg Kunze, German athlete
 1959 - Ana Torroja, Spanish singer
 1960 – Ray Bourque, Canadian ice hockey player
 1960 - Shinichi Morishita, Japanese footballer
 1960 - James Caan, English entrepreneur
 1961 - Kent Nielsen, Danish footballer
 1962 - Michel Petrucciani, French pianist (d. 1999)
 1962 – Rachel Z, American pianist
 1962 - Abdi Bile, Somali athlete
 1965 - Michael E. Mann, American climatologist and geophysicist
 1965 - Kazuo Echigo, Japanese footballer
 1967 - Chris Ware, American cartoonist
1968 - Akihiko Hoshide, Japanese astronaut
 1969 – Linus Torvalds, Finnish computer scientist, creator of Linux
 1970 - Elaine Hendrix, American actress
 1971 - Frank Sepe, American bodybuilder
 1972 – Roberto Palacios, Peruvian footballer
 1972 – Patrick Rafter, Australian tennis player
 1972 – Adam Vinatieri, American football player
 1973 – Seth Meyers, American actor
 1974 - Markus Weinzierl, German footballer and manager
From 1976 
 1977 - Vanessa Ferlito, American actress
 1977 - Keremcem, Turkish singer-songwriter and actor
 1978 – John Legend, American musician
 1979 – James Blake, American tennis player
 1979 – Noomi Rapace, Swedish actress
 1980 – Lomana LuaLua, Congolese footballer
 1981 – Khalid Boulahrouz, Dutch footballer
 1981 – Sienna Miller, English actress
 1981 – Elizabeth Jordan Carr, American test-tube baby
 1981 - Frank Turner, English singer
 1981 - Mika Vayrynen, Finnish footballer
 1981 - Narsha, South Korean actress and singer
 1982 - Cedric Benson, American football player
 1984 – Martin Kaymer, German golfer
 1984 – Leroy Lita, English footballer
 1984 - Sean St Ledger, Irish footballer
 1985 - Kamani Hill, American soccer player
 1985 - Meredith Kercher, English student (d. 2007)
 1986 – Tom Huddlestone, English footballer
 1987 – Thomas Dekker, American actor
 1988 - Ched Evans, Welsh footballer
 1989 - Harry Arter, English-Irish footballer
 1989 - George Blagden, English actor
1989 – Mackenzie Rosman, American actress
 1989 - Salvador Sobral, Portuguese singer
 1990 – David Archuleta, American singer
 1990 - Ayele Abshero, Ethiopian runner
 1993 - Travis Head, Australian cricketer
 1994 - Adam Peaty, English swimmer
 1998 - Jared Gilman, American actor
 2000 - Larissa Maneola, Brazilian actress and singer
 2001 – Madison De La Garza, American actress
Deaths

Up to 1900 
 300 - Theonas, Patriarch of Alexandria
 1367 – Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shogun (b. 1330)
 1446 - Antipope Clement VIII
 1503 – Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (b. 1471)
 1547 - Konrad Peutinger, German jurist and humanist (b. 1465)
 1622 - Francis de Sales, French bishop and saint (b. 1567)
 1663 - Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1618)
 1694 – Queen Mary II of England (b. 1662)
 1703 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1664)
 1706 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher (b. 1647)
 1734 - Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (b. 1671)
 1736 - Antonio Caldera, Italian composer (b. 1670)
 1795 - Eugenio Espejo, Ecuadorean physician and lawyer (b. 1747)
 1859 – Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian, and politician (b. 1800)
 1872 - James Van Ness, 7th Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1808)
 1900 - Alexandre de Serpa Pinto, Portuguese soldier and explorer (b. 1846)
1901  2000 
 1916 – Eduard Strauss, composer (b. 1835)
 1918 – Olavo Bilac, poet (b. 1865)
 1919 – Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist (b. 1854)
 1923 – Gustave Eiffel, French architect (b. 1832)
 1924 - Leon Bakst, Russian painter and costume designer (b. 1866)
 1937 – Maurice Ravel, French composer (b. 1875)
 1938 – Florence Lawrence, American actress (b. 1886)
 1942 - Alfred Flatow, German gymnast (b. 1869)
 1945 – Theodore Dreiser, American writer (b. 1871)
 1947 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (b. 1869)
 1949 – Jack Lovelock, New Zealand athlete (b. 1910)
 1952 – Queen Alexandrine of Denmark (b. 1879)
 1952 – Fletcher Henderson, American jazz musician (b. 1897)
 1959 – Ante Pavelic, Croatian leader (b. 1889)
 1960 - Philippe Panneton, Canadian physician, academic and diplomat (b. 1895)
 1961 – Edith Bolling Wilson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1872)
 1963 – Paul Hindemith, German composer (b. 1895)
 1967 – Katharine McCormick, American women's rights activist (b. 1875)
1971 - Max Steiner, Austrian film score composer (b. 1888)
 1981 – Allan Dwan, movie director (b. 1885)
 1983 – William Demarest, actor (b. 1892)
 1983 – Jimmy Demaret, golf champion (b. 1910)
 1983 – Dennis Wilson, musician (The Beach Boys) (b. 1944)
 1984 – Sam Peckinpah, American movie director (b. 1925)
 1985 - Renato Castellani, Italian movie director (b. 1913)
 1986 – Andrei Tarkovsky, Russian movie director (b. 1932)
 1988 - Khin Kyi, Burmese politician and diplomat (b. 1912)
 1989 – Hermann Oberth, German physicist (b. 1894)
 1990 - Kiel Martin, American actor (b. 1944)
 1991 – Cassandra Harris, Australian actress (b. 1952)
 1993 - Howard Caine, American actor (b. 1926)
 1993 – William L. Shirer, American writer and historian (b. 1904)
 1999 – Clayton Moore, American actor (b. 1914)
From 2001 
 2001 – William X. Kienzle, American novelist (b. 1928)
 2003 – Benjamin Hacker, U.S. admiral (b. 1935)
 2003 – Dinsdale Landen, British actor (b. 1932)
 2004 – Jerry Orbach, American actor (b. 1935)
 2004 – Susan Sontag, American writer, feminist, activist (b. 1933)
 2009 – James "The Rev" Sullivan, American musician (Avenged Sevenfold) (b. 1981)
 2010 - Billy Taylor, American musician (b. 1921)
 2012 - Vaclav Drobny, Czech footballer (b. 1980)
 2012 - Emmanuel Scheffer, German-Israeli football coach and manager (b. 1924)
 2013 - Halton Arp, German-American astronomer (b. 1927)
 2013 - Andrew Jacobs, Jr., American politician (b. 1932)
 2013 - Joseph Ruskin, American actor (b. 1924)
 2013 - Ilya Tsymbalar, Ukrainian-Russian footballer (b. 1969)
 2014 - Leopoldo Federico, Argentine bandoneon player, arranger, director and producer (b. 1927)
 2014 - Vahan Hovhannisyan, Armenian politician (b. 1956)
 2014 - Javier Fragoso, Mexican footballer (b. 1942)
2014 - Frankie Randall, American singer-songwriter, actor and dancer (b. 1938)
 2014 - Merrill Womach, American gospel singer (b. 1927)
 2015 - Guru Josh, British musician (b. 1964)
 2015 - Eloy Inos, Governor of the Northern Marianas (b. 1949)
 2015 - Pierre-Marie Rudelle, French painter (b. 1932)
 2015 - Joe Houston, American jazz and R&B saxophonist (b. 1926)
 2015 - Ian Murdock, American software engineer (b. 1973)
 2015 - Lemmy, English musician (Motörhead) (b. 1945)
 2016 - Michel Déon, French writer (b. 1919)
 2016 - Debbie Reynolds, American actress and singer (b. 1932)
 2017 - Fernando Birri, Argentine filmmaker (b. 1925)
 2017 - Jean-François Hory, French politician (b. 1949)
 2017 - Recy Taylor American rape victim and civil rights activist (b. 1919)
 2017 - Rose Marie, American actress (b. 1923)
 2017 - Sue Grafton, American author (b. 1940)
 2018 - June Whitfield, English actress (b. 1925)
 2020 - Armando Manzanero, Mexican musician (b. 1935)
Observances 
 Proclamation Day (South Australia)
 Christian feast day of the Holy Innocents, or Childermas, celebrated in Spain and parts of Latin America in a similar way to April Fools' Day
 King Taksin Memorial Day (Thailand)
 Republic Day (South Sudan)

Days of the year
1724 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.

Events
 January 14 – King Philip V of Spain leaves the throne for his 16-year-old son Louis I.
 January 28 – Saint Petersburg State University is established.
 February 8 – Catherine I of Russia is officially named czarina by her husband, Peter the Great.
 May 29 – Pope Benedict XIII succeeds Pope Innocent XIII as the 245th pope.
 June 23 – Treaty of Constantinople is signed

 April 22 – Immanuel Kant
1914 (MCMXVI) was a common year that started on a Thursday of the Gregorian calendar.  It was the year that saw the start of what became known as World War I.

Events 
 June 28 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Countess Sophie were assassinated by Black Hand in Sarajevo. This led to World War I.
 August 2 – According to the NSDAP 25 points manifesto, anyone who was not German-race who did not live in Germany before this date had to leave the country.
 August 15 - Construction of the Panama Canal is finished.
 August 31 – Saint Petersburg, Russia is renamed Petrograd by Nicholas II.
 September 26 - The Federal Trade Commission is formed.

Date unknown 
 Australian supermarket chain Coles Supermarkets was founded.
 The Iglesia ni Cristo ("Church of Christ") was built in the Philippines.
 The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main opened.
 Yuma, Arizona became a city.
 Portugal got rid of the monarchy of Kongo.
Nobel Prizes 
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Robert Bárány, Austrian doctor.

Births 
 February 5 – William S. Burroughs, American writer (d. 1999)
 March 31 – Octavio Paz, Mexican writer, poet and diplomat (d, 1998)
 April 2 – Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
 May 13 – Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981)
 May 29 – Tenzing Norgay, Sherpa climber (d. 1986)
 September 24 – John Kerr, 18th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1991)
 October 16 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, last Shah of Afghanistan (d. 2007)
 October 27- Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 1953)
 November 25 – Joe DiMaggio, American MLB baseball player (d. 1999)
 December 14 – Karl Carstens, 5th President of West Germany (d. 1992)
 December 20 - Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American politician (d. 2013)
 December 30 – Igor Diakonov, Russian (Soviet) historian and linguist (d. 1999)
 Nancy Drew, Fictional character
Deaths 
 June 14 – Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1835)
 June 28 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1863), and his wife Countess Sophie
 August 6 – Ellen Louise Wilson, American First Lady, wife of Woodrow Wilson. (b. 1860)

 

nv:1901 – 1950
February 29 is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian calendar. It is sometimes called "leap day" or "bissextile day". Only leap years have February 29. This date only occurs every four years, in years that can be exactly divided by 4, such as 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024, except century years that are not multiples by 400, such as 1800, 1900 or 2100.

Events
Up to 1948 
 1504 – Christopher Columbus uses his knowledge of a lunar eclipse that night to convince Native Americans to give him supplies.
 1644 – Abel Tasman's second voyage to the Pacific Ocean begins.
 1704 – Queen Anne's War: French forces and Native Americans attack and destroy Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing 100 men, women, and children.
 1712 – February 29 is followed by February 30 in Sweden, so that they can stop using the Swedish calendar and return to the Julian calendar.
 1720 – Frederick I of Sweden becomes King.
 1860 – Australian bushranger Ben Hall marries Biddy Walsh at Bathurst, New South Wales.
 1880 – Cutting for the St. Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland is completed.
 1916 - Tokelau is annexed by the United Kingdom.
 1932 – TIME magazine features odd American politician William "Alfalfa" Murray on its cover after Murray said he planned to run for President of the United States.
 1936 – In Japan, the February 26 coup attempt is ended.
1940 – Hattie McDaniel becomes the first African American to win an Academy Award. The award of "Best Supporting Actress" was for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind.
 1940 – Finland begins Winter War peace negotiations.
 1940 – Physicist Ernest Lawrence gets his 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics.
 1944 – World War II: The Admiralty Islands are invaded.
From 1952 
 1952 – The island of Heligoland is returned to German authority.
 1956 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower says that he is running for a second term.
 1960 – An earthquake in Morocco kills over 3,000 people and nearly destroys Agadir in the southern part of the country.
 1964 – In Sydney, Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser sets a new world record in the 100-meter freestyle swimming competition (58.9 seconds).
 1972 – Vietnam War: South Korea removes 11,000 of its 48,000 troops from Vietnam.
 1972 – Hank Aaron becomes the first player in the history of Major League Baseball to sign a $200,000 contract.
 1980 – In ice hockey Gordie Howe, playing for the then-Hartford Whalers, makes NHL history by scoring his 800th goal.
 1984 – Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau says that he will retire as soon as the Liberal Party of Canada chooses another leader.
1988 – South African archbishop Desmond Tutu is arrested during a five-day anti-apartheid demonstration in Cape Town. 100 clergymen are also arrested.
 1988 – Svend Robinson becomes the first Canadian Member of Parliament to come out as gay.
 1992 – First day of Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence referendum.
 1996 – In Bosnia and Herzegovina the siege of Sarajevo ends.
 1996 – A Peruvian Boeing 737 crashes in the Andes, killing 123 people.
 2000 – Six year old Dedrick Owens shoots and kills Kayla Rolland, also six years old, at Theo J. Buell Elementary School in Mount Morris Township, Michigan. Rolland is currently the youngest American victim of a school shooting  
 2004 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide steps down as President of Haiti following popular rebel uprising.
 2004 – The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King wins the award for "Best Picture", along with 10 other awards, at the 76th annual Academy Awards.
 2012 - The Tokyo Sky Tree in Tokyo, Japan, is completed at a height of 634 metres.
Births 
A person who was born on February 29 may be called a "leapling". In non-leap years they usually celebrate their birthday on February 28 or March 1.

Different countries have different laws about people who are born on February 29. In Taiwan, the law says that the birthday of a leapling is February 28 in years that are not leap years.

The well-known superhero Superman is often said to have his birthday on February 29.
Up to 1948 
 1468 – Pope Paul III (d. 1549)
 1528 - Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1579)
 1724 – Eva Marie Veigel, ballet dancer (d. 1822)
 1736 – Ann Lee, English-born American religious leader (d. 1784)
 1784 – Leo von Klenze, German architect, painter and writer (d. 1864)
 1792 – Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer (d. 1868)
 1808 – Hugh Falconer, Scottish scientist (d. 1855)
 1812 – James Milne Wilson, Scottish-born Premier of Tasmania (d. 1880, also on February 29)
 1840 – John Philip Holland, Irish inventor (d. 1914)
 1860 – Herman Hollerith, American engineer and inventor (d. 1929)
 1896 – Morarji Desai, Prime Minister of India (d. 1995)
 1896 – William A. Wellman, American movie director (d. 1975)
 1904 – Jimmy Dorsey, American bandleader (d. 1957)
 1908 – Balthus, Polish-born painter (d. 2001)
 1908 – Dee Brown, American writer (d. 2002)
 1912 – Taiichi Ono, Japanese inventor (d. 1990)
 1916 – Dinah Shore, American singer (d. 1994)
 1920 – Michèle Morgan, French actress (d. 2016)
1920 – Fyodor Abramov, Russian novelist (d. 1983)
 1924 – David Beattie, 14th Governor-General of New Zealand
 1924 – Al Rosen, American baseball player
 1924 – Carlos Humberto Romero, former President of El Salvador
 1928 – Joss Ackland, British actor
 1928 - Gustau Biosca, Spanish footballer (d. 2014)
 1928 - Vance Haynes, American archaeologist, geologist and author
 1928 - Seymour Papert, South African mathematician and computer scientist
 1928 - Tempest Storm, American actress, singer and dancer
 1932 – Jaguar, Brazilian cartoonist
 1936 – Alex Rocco, American actor (d. 2015)
 1936 - Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (d. 2014)
 1936 - Jack R. Lousma, American astronaut, engineer and politician
 1940 – Klaus-Dieter Lehmann, German librarian and President of the Goethe Institute
 1940 - Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople
 1944 – Dennis Farina, American actor (d. 2013)
From 1952 
 1956 – Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer (d. 2002)
 1960 – Cheb Khaled, Algerian musician
 1960 – Richard Ramirez, American serial killer (d. 2013)
 1960 – Tony Robbins, American motivational speaker
 1964 - Dave Brailsford, British cycling coach
 1964 – James Ogilvy, member of the extended British Royal Family
 1964 – Ola Lindgren, Swedish handball player and coach
 1968 – Naoko Ijima, Japanese actress
 1968 – Wendi Peters, English actress
 1972 – Pedro Zamora, American AIDS activist (d. 1994)
 1972 – Dave Williams, American singer (d. 2002)
 1972 - Pedro Sanchez, Spanish politician
 1976 – Ja Rule, American rapper
 1980 – Chris Conley, American musician
 1980 – Simon Gagné, Canadian ice hockey player
 1984 – Darren Ambrose, English footballer
 1984 – Radik Zhaparov, Kazakhstani ski jumper
 1984 – Mark Foster, American musician (Foster the People)
 1988 – Lena Gercke, German model and television presenter
 1988 – Benedikt Höwedes, German footballer
 1988 - Hannah Mills, British sailor
1992 - Sean Abbott, Australian cricketer
 1992 - Saphir Taïder, French-Algerian footballer
 1992 - Perry Kitchen, American soccer player
Deaths 
 992 – Oswald of Worcester, Archbishop of York (b. 925)
 1528 – Patrick Hamilton, Scottish religious reformer (b. 1504) (burned at the stake)
 1604 – John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1530)
 1868 – King Ludwig I of Bavaria (b. 1786)
 1880 – James Milne Wilson, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1812, also on February 29)
 1908 – John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow, 1st Governor-General of Australia (b. 1860)
 1908 – Pat Garrett, American gunslinger (b. 1850)
 1928 – Armando V. Diaz, Italian marshal and minister of war (b. 1861)
 1944 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, President of Finland (b. 1861)
 1952 – Quo Tai-chi, Chinese diplomat (b. 1888)
 1956 – Elpidio Quirino, President of the Philippines (b. 1890)
 1968 – Tore Orjasaeter, Norwegian poet (b. 1886)
 1980 - Yigal Allon, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1918)
 1984 – Ludwik Starski, Polish lyricist (b. 1903)
 1992 – Ruth Pitter, English poet (b. 1897)
 1996 – Joe Minogue, journalist (b. 1923)
 1996 – Shams Pahlavi, Persian princess (b. 1917)
2004 – Jerome Lawrence, American playwright (b. 1915)
 2004 – Kagamisato Kiyoji, Japanese Sumo wrestler (b. 1923)
 2004 - Harold Bernard St. John, 3rd Prime Minister of Barbados (b. 1931)
 2004 - Danny Ortiz, Guatemalan footballer (b. 1976)
 2008 – Janet Kagan, American writer (b. 1946)
 2012 – Davy Jones, British singer, musician and actor (The Monkees) (b. 1945)
 2016 - Gil Hill, American police officer and actor (b. 1931)
 2016 - Hannes Löhr, German footballer (b. 1942)
 2016 - Louise Rennison, British author (b. 1951)
Observances 
 Leap year Day
 Christian Feast Day of Oswald of Worcester in a Leap year
 Rare Diseases Day in a Leap year.

Days of the year
Torah () is a Hebrew word that means "instructions". When most people say the word Torah they either mean the whole Jewish Bible, the Tanakh, the first five books of the Bible, or all of the Jewish teaching in general. These five books are the beginning of both the Jewish and Christian bibles. They are

 Genesis (),
 Exodus (),
 Leviticus (),
 Numbers () and
 Deuteronomy ().

Other names for this set of books are the "Five Books of Moses," or "Pentateuch".

Some people may use the word Torah as a name for all the main Jewish teachings.

Each of the books in the Torah are separated into parts called "Parshiyot." Parsha is a Hebrew word meaning "portion." Every Shabbat one parsha is read in the synagogue, but sometimes two are read. This is so that all the parshiyot are finished every year, on the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah.

It is also known as the Five Book of Moses because Moses received these five books from God.
The "Tawrat" () is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an Islamic holy book believed by Muslims to be given by God (Allah) to prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel, and often refers to the entire Hebrew Bible.

Pentateuch 
Pentateuch means the first five books of the Bible. These books are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The word Pentateuch comes from two Greek words that mean "five books" or "five scroll"

According to tradition, the books were written by the Israelite leader, Moses. The Pentateuch is often called the Five Books of Moses or the Torah.
The Pentateuch tells the story from the Creation of the world to the death of Moses and the preparation of the Israelite's to enter the land of Canaan. The story is told in three parts. The first part (Genesis 1-11) is about the Creation and the beginning of human beings on earth. The second part (Genesis 12-50) are the stories of the ancestors of the Israelites, mainly Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph. The third part, beginning with the book of Exodus, describes how the Israelite's left Egypt and the early history of the people of Israel as a nation. It also has many laws about how the Israelite's must build their society. Deuteronomy is mostly Moses's final speech to his people and a summary of the Pentateuch.

References

Other websites
The 2010s (pronounced "twenty-tens", "two thousand (and) tens", or simply "the Tens" or "Teens") was a decade in the Anno Domini and Common Era in the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2010 and ended on December 31, 2019. It is distinct from the decade known as the 202nd decade which began on January 1, 2011 and ended on December 31, 2020.

Events
2010
 January 4 – The world's tallest-ever structure to-date, the Burj Khalifa, is opened in Dubai.
 January 12 – A major Earthquake of magnitude 7, devastates Haiti.
 February 27 – A magnitude 8.8 earthquake hits Chile. It is believed to have been powerful enough to have affected the Earth's axis.
 April 10 – A plane crash in Smolensk, western Russia kills many people who were important in Poland, including President Lech Kaczynski.
 April 14 – A major earthquake hits Qinghai province in China.
 April 14 – A Volcano erupts in southern Iceland. The ash cloud coming from this eruption disrupts air travel.
 from April 20 – Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the worst oil spill in US history.
 May 7: Human Genome Project concluded
 May 31 – Israel raids a Gaza-bound aid flotilla, killing 9 Turkish activists.
 July/August – Major flooding disaster in Pakistan, affecting more than 15 million people
 October 10 – The Netherlands Antilles are dissolved and split up into new constitutional status.
October 13 – Thirty-three miners are rescued from the San Jose mine near Copiapo in Chile, after being trapped for 69 days.
 October 25 onwards – In Indonesia, the eruption of the Merapi volcano on Java, and an earthquake in Sumatra kill hundreds of people.
 November 13 – Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi is released from house arrest.
 December 2 – The FIFA World Cups for 2018 and 2022 are announced as being held in Russia and Qatar respectively.
2011
 January 1 – Estonia starts to use the euro currency.
 January 14 – Amidst anti-government demonstrations, Tunisia's President Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali dissolves the government, declares a state of emergency, and resigns from office.
 February 11 – 2011 Egyptian protests: After more than two weeks of anti-government protests, President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak resigns from office after more than 29 years in power.
 March 11 – A magnitude 9.1 earthquake strikes off the east coast of the Japanese island of Honshu, causing damage to buildings, as tsunamis are triggered, causing thousands of deaths. The quake also triggers fears over radiation levels at two nuclear power plants.
 March 19 – 2011 Libyan protests: UN-authorised military intervention begins in Libya.
 May 1 – Leader of al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden is killed in Pakistan by US Forces.
 July 9 – South Sudan declares independence from Sudan.
 July 21 – With the landing of the Space Shuttle Atlantis the Space Shuttle programme comes to an end.
July 22 – 2011 Norway attacks: In Norway, a bomb explosion in central Oslo kills 8 people, and a shooting at a youth camp on the island of Utoya kills 77.
 August 22 – 2011 Libyan civil war: Troops from the National Transitional Council enter Tripoli.
 September 7 – A plane carrying the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team crashes shortly after take-off, killing the entire team, including one who dies five days later.
 October 20 – 2011 Libyan civil war: Muammar al-Gaddafi is killed, as the National Transitional Council takes control of Sirte.
 October 23 – An earthquake in eastern Turkey kills more than 500 people.
 November 12 – Silvio Berlusconi resigns as Prime Minister of Italy.
 December 15 – US troops withdraw from Iraq.
 December 17 – Kim Jong-il, supreme leader of North Korea, dies. His death leads to fear for stability of the Asian region. He is succeeded by his son Kim Jong-un.
 December 30 – Samoa and Tokelau skip this day as the International Date Line is shifted.
2012
January 14 – The Italian cruise liner Costa Concordia runs aground and sinks off the island of Giglio (off Italy's west coast), killing at least 11 people.
July 27 - August 12 - The 2012 Summer Olympics are held in London.
August 6 - NASA's Curiosity rover lands on Mars.
October 22-October 30 - Hurricane Sandy causes damage, and over 200 deaths in Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, Bahamas, Eastern United States and parts of Canada.
November 6 – Barack Obama is elected to a second term as President of the United States, defeating Mitt Romney.
November 14 – 21 - A week-long war occurs between Israel and Gaza, before a ceasefire is agreed.
November 15 – Xi Jinping becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (paramount leader).
2013
 January 3 – The cable television channel Current TV is bought by Al Jazeera America. Current TV became Al Jazeera America on August 20, 2013.
 January 16 – U.S. President Barack Obama's administration sets up a plan for gun control to limit guns up to 10 rounds in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, as well as shootings that have happened in the past.
 January 21 – Barack Obama is sworn is for a second term as President of the United States.
 January 30 – Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands announces her abdication as Monarch of the Netherlands on Queen's Day, which is April 30, 2013. She is succeeded by her son King Willem-Alexander.
 February 11 – Pope Benedict XVI announces his resignation due to advanced age. He is succeed by Pope Francis on March 13, 2013.
 February 24 – Shortly after being elected President of Cuba for another five-year term, Raul Castro announced that he would not run in the 2018 election.
 March 5 – President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, dies.
March 13 – Pope Francis becomes Pope of the Roman Catholic church.
 July 3 – Albert II of Belgium announces his abdication as Monarch of Belgium on King's Day which is July 21, 2013 due to health problems. He is succeeded by his son, Philippe.
 July 3 – Adly Mansour becomes acting President of Egypt after Mohamed Morsi was thrown by a coup.
 August 21 – A chemical weapons attack happened in Syria. 
 August 30 – United States Secretary of State John Kerry makes his remarks about the chemical weapon attack in Syria.
 September 7 – The International Olympic Committee awarded the 2020 Summer Olympics to Tokyo, Japan.
 September 10 – Thomas Bach becomes President of the International Olympic Committee.
 October 1-October 17 – A federal government shutdown occurs in the United States, which closed all the things owned by the government (like National Parks). U.S. President Barack Obama signed a bill which ended the shutdown on October 17, 2013.
2014
January 1 – Latvia starts to use the Euro currency.
February 7 - February 23 – The 2014 Winter Olympics were held in Sochi, Russia.
February 13 – Belgium becomes the first country in the world to legalise euthanasia for terminally ill patients of any age.
February 23 – The Ukrainian parliament votes to remove President Viktor Yanukovych from office, replacing him with Oleksandr Turchynov, after days of civil unrest left around 100 people dead in Kiev.
March 8 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappears in the Gulf of Thailand with 239 people on board. The aircraft possibly crashed in the Indian Ocean. 
March 16 – A referendum status on Crimea is held. 
March 21 – Russia formally annexes Crimea after President Vladimir Putin signed a bill finalizing the annexation process.
March 24 – During an emergency meeting, the United Kingdom, the United States, Italy, Germany, France, Japan, and Canada temporarily suspend Russia from the G8.
April 14 – An estimated 276 girls and women are abducted and held hostage from a school in Nigeria.
April 27 – The Catholic Church canonizes Popes John XXIII and John Paul II on Divine Mercy Sunday.
May 5 – The World Health Organization identifies the spread of poliomyelitis in at least 10 countries as a major worldwide health emergency
May 5 – Boko Haram militants kill approximately 300 people in a night attack on Gamboru Ngala.
May 20 – Terrorists in Nigeria detonate bombs at Jos, killing 118 people.
May 22 – The Royal Thai Army overthrows the caretaker government of Niwatthamrong Boonsongpaisan after a failure to resolve the political unrest in Thailand.
June 2 – King Juan Carlos announces his abdication as Monarch of Spain. He is succeeded by his son, Felipe VI.
June 4 – G7 Summit was held in Brussels, Belgium. It was originally going to be held in Sochi, Russia. It did not due to the Crimean crisis.
June 19 – Felipe VI became the Monarch of Spain.
July 17 – After a five-hour humanitarian ceasefire, Israel confirms the beginning of a ground offensive in Gaza.
July 17 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (Boeing 777) crashes in Ukraine, after being shot down by a missile. 298 people die, including 15 crew members.
July 21 – The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 2166 in response to the shootdown of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.
July 24 – Air Algérie Flight 5017 crashes in Mali, killing all 116 people on board.
October 28 – Guy Scott became the acting President of Zambia after Michael Sata died. He became the first White leader in Sub Saharan Africa since 1994, when F. W. de Klerk resigned.
2015
January 1 – Lithuania starts to use the Euro currency.

2016
June 24 – A referendum took place whether the United Kingdom would stay in the European Union or leave the European Union. The result of the referendum was 51% of votes in favour of leaving the European Union.
November 8 – Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States, defeating Hillary Clinton.

2017
January 20 – Donald Trump is sworn in as the 45th President of the United States

2018
February 10 – Israeli F-16 shot down by Syria Air defense force.

2019

 December: A COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China and spread to the world.
Significant political changes
 March 11, 2010 – Sebastián Piñera becomes President of Chile, succeeding Michelle Bachelet.
 April 10, 2010 – Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland dies in a plane crash. He is succeeded by Bronisław Komorowski.
 May 5, 2010 – Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, President of Nigeria dies of illness. He is succeeded by Goodluck Jonathan.
 May 8, 2010 – Laura Chinchilla succeeds Oscar Arias as President of Costa Rica.
 May 11, 2010 – David Cameron, leading a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition, becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, replacing Gordon Brown of the Labour Party.
 June 2, 2010 – Yukio Hatoyama resigns as Prime Minister of Japan, and is replaced by Naoto Kan.
 June 8, 2010 – Naoto Kan becomes Prime Minister of Japan succeeding Yukio Hatoyama.
 June 24, 2010 – Julia Gillard succeeds Kevin Rudd as Prime Minister of Australia.
 June 30, 2010 – Benigno Aquino III becomes President of the Philippines, succeeding Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
July 2, 2010 – Christian Wulff becomes President of Germany, succeeding Horst Koehler, who had resigned after making controversial comments over the war in Afghanistan.
 January 1, 2011 – Dilma Rousseff becomes President of Brazil, succeeding Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
 January 14, 2011 – After protests President Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali resigns, leaving the Prime Minister to be acting president.
 February 11, 2011 – After pro-democracy protests President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt resigns, leaving the military in control.
 July 9, 2011 – South Sudan becomes a country. Salva Kiir Mayardit becomes its President.
 August 26, 2011 – Naoto Kan resigns as Prime Minister of Japan, being succeeded by Yoshihiko Noda.
 October 20, 2011 – The National Transitional Council takes control of the whole of Libya on the death of Muammar al-Gaddafi.
 November 11, 2011 – Michael D. Higgins becomes President of Ireland, succeeding Mary McAleese.
November 12, 2011 – Silvio Berlusconi resigns as Prime Minister of Italy. He is succeeded by Mario Monti.
 December 6, 2011 – Elio di Rupo becomes Prime Minister of Belgium, succeeding Yves Leterme.
 December 17, 2011 – Kim Jong-il, Supreme Leader of North Korea dies. He is succeeded by his son, Kim Jong-un.
 February 17, 2012 – Christian Wulff resigns as President of Germany. Joachim Gauck succeeds him on March 18, 2012.
 February 27, 2012 − Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi becomes President of Yemen, replacing Ali Abdullah Saleh, who had resigned after protests.
 March 1, 2012 – Sauli Niinistö becomes President of Finland, succeeding Tarja Halonen.
 March 18, 2012 – Joachim Gauck becomes President of Germany, succeeding Christian Wulff.
 April 5, 2012 – Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi dies. He is succeeded by Vice President of Malawi, Joyce Banda.
 May 15, 2012 – Francois Hollande becomes President of France, succeeding Nicolas Sarkozy.
 June 30, 2012 – Mohamed Morsi becomes President of Egypt.
July 24, 2012 – John Atta Mills, President of Ghana dies. He is succeeded by Vice President of Ghana, John Dramani Mahama.
 November 15, 2012 – Xi Jinping becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, succeeding Hu Jintao.
 December 1, 2012 – Enrique Peña Nieto becomes President of Mexico, succeeding Felipe Calderon.
 December 26, 2012 – Shinzo Abe becomes Prime Minister of Japan, succeeding Yoshihiko Noda.
 February 25, 2013 – Park Geunhye becomes President of South Korea, succeeding Lee Myung Bak.
 March 5, 2013 – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela, dies of cancer. Vice President of Venezuela Nicolas Maduro becomes acting president until elections were held on April 14, 2013.
 March 20, 2013 – Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh died. Bangladesh parliament speaker Abdul Hamid was appointed acting president until he was sworn in on April 22, 2013.
 April 14, 2013 – In Venezuela, elections were held to fill the term of Hugo Chávez, who died on March 5, 2013. Nicolas Maduro was elected.