Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Incapacitation – Designed simply to keep criminals away from society so that the public is protected from their misconduct. This is often achieved through prison sentences today.  The death penalty or banishment have served the same purpose.
Rehabilitation – Aims at transforming an offender into a valuable member of society. Its primary goal is to prevent further offense by convincing the offender that their conduct was wrong.
Restoration – This is a victim-oriented theory of punishment.  The goal is to repair, through state authority, any injury inflicted upon the victim by the offender. For example, one who embezzles will be required to repay the amount improperly acquired. Restoration is commonly combined with other main goals of criminal justice and is closely related to concepts in the civil law, i.e., returning the victim to his or her original position before the injury.
References 

Criminal justice
Emmalyn Estrada (born April 5, 1992) is a Canadian pop/R&B singer-songwriter, dancer, actress and musician. She sang hit songs such as "Get Down" in 2009.

Estrada was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She is of Filipino descent.

Music video
 Emmalyn Estrada - "Don't Make Me Let You Go" (2010)

References

Musicians from British Columbia
Pop musicians
R&B musicians
Actors from British Columbia
1992 births
Living people
A loan shark is a person that sells loans with very high interest rates. People go to loan sharks for many reasons. It is often because no one else will lend them money. Loan sharks tend to ask for something beforehand, like someone's passport. Loan sharks are often illegal.

Loan sharks are called 'loan sharks' because they are like sharks; aggressive, angry, and greedy. They can do many illegal things to just get repayment, like kidnapping or even killing.

Economics
Organized crime
Thomas Arthur Mesereau, Jr. (born July 1, 1950) is an American lawyer. He is best known for defending Michael Jackson in his child molestation trial during 2005. He works with another lawyer called Susan Yu. Mesereau lives in Los Angeles.

Early life
He was born in New York.

Career
Mesereau started a free legal clinic in the Morningside United Church of Christ in Los Angeles. He wrote the foreword for Aphrodite Jones' book Michael Jackson Conspiracy (2007).

Awards
In 2005 the magazine GQ put him on their list of "Men of the Year".

References

1950 births
Lawyers from New York (state)
Living people
Michael Jackson
Lawyers from Los Angeles
The Freie Universität Berlin ("Free University of Berlin", often abbreviated as FU Berlin) is a university in Berlin. It is known for its research in the humanities and social sciences, as well as in the field of natural and life sciences.
The university was founded in Berlin-Dahlem, a district in the south west of Berlin during the time of the Cold War in 1948. Today, the university has three bigger campuses: the main campus Dahlem, the Campus Düppel with animal clinics and other institutes related to veterinary medicine and the Geocampus in Lankwitz, which is home to the Department of Earth Sciences. The medical department of the FU Berlin is part of the Charité - University Medicine Berlin, a joint institution with the Humboldt University.
The university library has a total of about 8.5 million volumes and is the biggest university library system in Germany. Freie Universität has over 400 partner universities all over the world, many of them through the ERASMUS programme. According to various international rankings, Freie Universität is one of the best universities in Germany. In 2007 (and 2012 again), the Freie Universität was one of eleven universities to be successful in the German Excellence Initiative, a national competition by the German government. University alumni include five Nobel Prize winners and 15 winners of the national Leibniz Prize.
Academics 
Freie Universität offers over 150 different subjects in 12 departments and three central institutes:
Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy
Department of Earth Sciences
Department of History and Cultural Studies
Department of Law
School of Business and Economics
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
Department of Education and Psychology
Department of Philosophy and Humanities
Department of Physics
Department of Political and Social Science
Medical School: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (shared with the Humboldt University Berlin)
Department of Veterinary Medicine

Interdisciplinary Central Institutes
John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies
Institute for Eastern European Studies
Institute for Latin American Studies

The Botanical Garden with over 22,000 different kinds of plants is one of the biggest in the world.

References

Other websites

Official Homepage
Berlin Mathematical School (BMS)
Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden
1948 establishments in Germany
Colleges and universities in Berlin
Education in Berlin
Shmuel "Shmuley" Boteach (born November 19, 1966 in Los Angeles) is an American Orthodox rabbi, politician and writer. He hosted a reality television series called Shalom in the Home on the TLC network.

2012 U.S. Congress run
Boteach ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2012 elections. He received the support of then-House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in April. Boteach won the Republican primary for New Jersey's 9th congressional district seat on June 5, and lost to 8th District Representative Bill Pascrell in the November election, by a margin of 73.6% to 25.4%.

Personal life
Boteach is married to Debbie Boteach. He became friends with Michael Jackson in the 1990s. He was Jackson's Rabbi for two years.

References

Other websites
Official website
1966 births
Living people
American rabbis
Jewish American writers
American television presenters
American political writers
Jewish American politicians
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from Los Angeles
Politicians from Los Angeles
Politicians from New Jersey
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Gloria Rachel Allred  (born July 3, 1941) is an American civil rights lawyer. She was born to a Jewish family. She is a feminist. Her book Fight Back and Win: My Thirty-Year Fight Against Injustice and How You Can Win Your Own Battles was published in 2007. Her daughter, Lisa Bloom, is also a lawyer.

Allred was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

1941 births
Living people
American feminists
American Jews
Lawyers from Philadelphia
Jewish feminists
The Miami cannibal attack happened on May 26, 2012. Rudy Eugene assaulted Ronald Poppo, a homeless man on the MacArthur Causeway in Miami, Florida, United States. Eugene bit off most of Poppo's face above his beard. The attack ended when Eugene was shot dead by a police officer. It is not known why the attack happened.

References

2012 crimes in the United States
2012 in Florida
Cannibal attack
Cannibalism
Crime in Florida
May 2012 events
The Vesper bat is a species of bat belonging to the Microchiroptera family. It is the largest and most well-known species belonging to that family. The bats can be found in different parts of all continents except Antarctica. They are thought to have originally come from somewhere in North America.

Characteristics
The Vesper bat can range from  in length. They have brown or grey colored fur. Like most bats, the Vesper bat relies on echolocation to navigate in flight, and find its prey. This is very useful because they cannot see, and live in caves or other dark, empty, damp areas.

References

Bats
A Time for Choosing (also called The Speech) was a speech made by Ronald Reagan in 1964 in Los Angeles. It was given during the campaign for the 1964 United States presidential election. He gave the speech on behalf of Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. Soon afterward, Reagan was asked to run for Governor of California.

References

Other websites
Transcript, audio, and video of the broadcast
Analysis of "The Speech", The History Channel
An American Life: The Autobiography 

1964 in the United States
1960s in Los Angeles, California
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
The Reagan Doctrine was a document by the United States under the Reagan Administration. It was about being against the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War. The doctrine lasted for less than a decade, it was the most important document of United States foreign policy from the early 1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

Official documents of the United States
Foreign relations of the United States
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Cold War
20th century in the United States
John Edward "Jack" Reagan (July 13, 1883 – May 18, 1941) was the father of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil "Moon" Reagan. He was married to Nelle Wilson Reagan from 1904 until his death in 1941.

References

Other websites
 
 

1883 births
1941 deaths
Reagan family
People from Illinois
John Neil Reagan (September 16, 1908 – December 11, 1996) was an American business executive. He was the manager of a radio station. He was also a senior producer at CBS and senior vice president of McCann Erickson. He was the older brother of Ronald Reagan.

References

Other websites
 Harmer, John, Reagan: Man of Principle, Cedar Fort, 2002, 
 Watson, Robert W., White House Studies Compendium, Volume 1, Nova Publishers, 2007, 
 Yager, Edward M., Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican, Rowman & Littlefield, 2006, 

1908 births
1996 deaths
Reagan family
Businesspeople from Illinois
Tampico, Illinois
Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan (July 24, 1883 – July 25, 1962) was the mother of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil "Moon" Reagan.

Nelle was of Scots-English ancestry. She met Jack Reagan in a farming town on the prairie of Illinois. The two were married in Fulton in November 1904. They had two children: Neil and Ronald Reagan. After the birth of her second son, Nelle was told not to have any more children. The Reagan family moved from Tampico to Chicago and many small towns in Illinois. Where they lived depended on where Jack was working.

Nelle died from complications of Alzheimer's disease. She died on July 25, 1962, aged 79. Her son, Ronald, would die of the same disease.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1883 births
1962 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Reagan family
People from Illinois
Martha Mary Coakley (born July 14, 1953) is the Attorney General of Massachusetts. Before that, she was the District Attorney for Middlesex County, Massachusetts (1999-2007). She is a Democrat. She was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

In 2010, Coakley was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate in the special election to replace Ted Kennedy following his death, but lost to Republican Scott Brown.

References

Politicians from Massachusetts
Lawyers from Massachusetts
1953 births
Living people
Attorneys general
District attorneys
People from Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
An attorney general is the main legal advisor for governments. In some areas, he or she might be also in charge of law enforcement and public prosecutions.

In United Kingdom, attorneys general are called Law Officers of the Crown.
In most areas of the United States, a district attorney is the elected or appointed official that prosecutes (makes a case against) criminal offenses.

In the United Kingdom, district attorneys are called Crown Prosecutors.

Law occupations
United States law
Adolf "Adi" Dassler (3 November 1900 – 6 September 1978) was a German businessman and entrepreneur. He was born in Herzogenaurach. He started the sportswear company Adidas.

References

Other websites
 Biographie:Adidas 

1900 births
1978 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
German businesspeople
People from Bavaria
Yegor Kuzmich Ligachev (, 29 November 1920 – 7 May 2021) was a Soviet politician. He was a high-ranking official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). He was the Second Secretary of the Party when Mikhail Gorbachev was serving as General Secretary.

Ligachev was born on 29 November 1920 in Dubinkino. It is close to Novosibirsk. He died on 7 May 2021 in Moscow, aged 100.

References

More reading
Inside Gorbachev's Kremlin: The Memoirs of Yegor Ligachev. Pantheon Books: 1993 ()
Ligachev on Glasnost and Perestroika. Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 706: 1989.

Other websites

1920 births
2021 deaths
Soviet politicians
Russian politicians
Russian communists
The South African Defence Force (SADF) was the name of the South African military from 1957 to 1994. It replaced the Union Defence Force (UDF) in 1957. The SADF, in turn, was replaced by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in 1994.

The South African Defence Force had four branches: the South African Army, the South African Navy, the South African Air Force, and, the South African Medical Service.

The SADF implemented conscription of  white South Africans. However, black, Indian, and Coloured South Africans could serve in the SADF as volunteers.

Within South Africa, the SADF was used to suppress opposition to apartheid, often directly supporting the South African Police. South African military units were also involved in the Angolan Civil War an the side of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and Angolan rebel leader Jonas Savimbi. The SADF was also deployed during the related South African border and Namibian independence wars.
Nuclear weapons 
South Africa was the only country in Africa to have nuclear weapons, but these weapons were destroyed by the South African government during the transition to democracy. South Africa has not built nuclear weapons since.

Integration 
With the a multiracial democracy introduced to South Africa in 1994, the SADF was merged with the defence forces of several formerly "independent" homelands, as well as the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), the PAC's Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), and the self-protection units of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IPA). The new South African military became known as the South African National Defence Force.

References

Defence Force
1957 establishments in Africa
1994 disestablishments
20th-century establishments in South Africa
20th-century disestablishments in South Africa
1990s disestablishments in Africa
Joanna Lumley (born 1 May 1946) is an English former model and actress. She played Charlotte in the movie Late Bloomers. She also played Mary Smiling in Cold Comfort Farm. She has acted more often on television than in movies. Her best known acting role is Patsy Stone in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous. She has a distinctive and recognisable voice that’s often heard on voiceover work.  

Lumley was born to British parents in British India. She was raised in Kent, England.

References

Other websites

1946 births
Living people
Actors from Kent
Actresses who played Bond girls
English movie actors
English television actors
English television presenters
Television personalities from Kent
Katarina Čas (born September 23, 1976) is a Slovenian actress. She played Sophie in the movie Imagine (2014). She played Gabriela in the comedy movie The Guard (2011).

Early life
Čas was born in the former Republic of Yugoslavia.

References

Television actors
Movie actors
1976 births
Living people
Slovenian actors
Jon Bing (30 April 1944 – 15 January 2014) was a Norwegian writer and law professor. He was a professor at the Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law (NRCCL), and the Faculty of Law at the University of Oslo.

Bing was born on 30 April 1944 in Tønsberg. He died on 15 January 2014, at the age of 69, in Oslo. He died from a stroke.

References

Other websites

 
 

1944 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Norwegian writers
Norwegian academics
Dominique McElligott (5 October 1986) is an Irish actress. She appears in mostly independent movies. She played Joy Dietz in Not Fade Away. She also played Emily in Dark Floors.

McElligott was born in Dublin, Ireland.

References

Irish television actors
Irish movie actors
1986 births
Living people
Actors from Dublin
Ivar Giaever (; born April 5, 1929) is a Norwegian-American physicist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson. They were awarded it for their discoveries about the tunnelling phenomena in solids. He is a professor at the University of Oslo.

References

Other websites

 Interview with Professor Ivar Giaever, from the Official Nobel Prize Website
 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
 University of Oslo website about Ivar Giaever
 Applied Biophysics Website
 Family genealogy

1929 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Norwegian physicists
Norwegian academics
Norwegian Nobel Prize winners
People from Bergen
Randall "Duke" Cunningham (born December 8, 1941) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He served the 50th Congressional District of California from 1991 to 2005 as a Republican. He is also used to work in the United States Navy.

Scandals ended his political career. Duke Cunningham pleaded guilty to tax evasion, conspiracy to commit bribery and other charges. He was then sentenced to prison in Tucson, Arizona. He was released from prison in February 2013. He then moved to New Orleans to spend time inside a halfway house.

References

Politicians from California
Republican Party (United States) politicians
1941 births
Living people
Justin Pierre James Trudeau  (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician. He is the 23rd and current Prime Minister of Canada. He is also the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. He was elected leader on April 14, 2013. After leading his party to a majority government win in the 2015 federal election, Trudeau became the Prime Minister. Since 2021, Trudeau is the senior G7 leader.

Early life

Trudeau was born at Ottawa Civic Hospital in Ottawa , He is the eldest son of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. He is the second child in Canadian history to be born while one of his parents was prime minister; the first was John A. Macdonald's youngest daughter Margaret Mary Macdonald.
Trudeau earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature from McGill University and a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia. After he graduated, Trudeau worked as a social studies, drama, math and French elementary and high school teacher. He taught at West Point Grey Academy and Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School in Vancouver, British Columbia.

In opposition
Trudeau was elected for the first time in the 2008 federal election. He was the nominee for the Liberal Party in the electoral area of Papineau. He won more votes than the incumbent, Vivian Barbot of the Bloc Québécois.

2015 federal election

On October 19, 2015, Trudeau and the Liberals won the most seats in the federal election. This was after one of the longest campaigns in over 100 years. The Liberals won 184 of the 338 seats in the House of Commons and 39.5% of the total vote. Because of this, they formed a majority government. Their seat count went up by 150 compared to the 2011 federal election.
The results were the second-best in the history of the Liberal Party. They did very well in the eastern half of Canada. They won all of the seats in Atlantic Canada and Toronto and won 40 seats in Quebec. In Quebec, they won the most seats since Pierre Trudeau's win in the 1980 election. It was also the first time since 1980 that the Liberals won more than half the seats in Quebec. The 150 seat gain was the biggest gain for any party in an election since Canadian Confederation. It was also the first time that a party went from third place in seat count to a majority government.

Prime Minister of Canada
Trudeau and the Cabinet he chose were sworn in by the Governor General David Johnston on November 4, 2015.

In 2022, he invoked the Emergencies Act in response to the Canada convoy protest, the first time the act was brought into force since it was enacted in 1988.

2019 federal election
Trudeau visited the Governor General, Julie Payette on September 11, 2019. This was to ask that Parliament be dissolved and new elections would begin.

For the first time since 1979, the party that won the largest share of the national popular vote did not win the most seats. The Liberals under Trudeau had 33.1 per cent of the popular vote, while the Conservatives under Andrew Scheer had 34.4 per cent. It was also the first time a government took power with less than 35 per cent of the national popular vote since 1867.

2021 federal election

On September 20, 2021 Trudeau and the Liberal Party won re-election as the party won 160 seats, allowing them to form a minority government.
Personal life
Trudeau first met his wife, Sophie Grégoire, when they were both children growing up in Montreal. Grégoire was a friend of Trudeau's brother, Michel. They were married on May 28, 2005 in a Catholic wedding at the Sainte-Madeleine d'Outremont Church in Montreal. On August 2, 2023, Trudeau and Grégoire's separation was announced. They have three children together: a son, Xavier James Trudeau (born October 18, 2007), a daughter, Ella-Grace Margaret Trudeau (born February 5, 2009), and another son, Hadrien Grégoire Trudeau (born February 28, 2014).

On March 12, 2020, Trudeau and his wife Sophie Grégoire Trudeau isolated themselves, after she showed flu-like symptoms during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. The Prime Minister's Office announced later that day that she had tested positive for COVID-19.

References

Other websites
Official website
Liberal Party of Canada profile
1971 births
Living people
Canadian feminists
Canadian Roman Catholics
Current national leaders
People from Ottawa
Politicians from Ontario
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
University of British Columbia alumni
Major Nguyễn Văn Nhung (1919 or 1920 – 31 January 1964) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He was also a professional killer.

He joined the French Army in 1944. This was when Vietnam was still ruled by France. During the First Indochina War, he left the French Army and joined Vietnamese National Army, which was supported by France. After the Republic of Vietnam was formed, he became a soldier of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. In November 1963, he killed President Ngo Dinh Diem and his brother.

1920s births
1964 deaths
Assassins
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Vietnamese military people
Jennifer Odessa Nettles (born September 12, 1974) is an American country musician. She is the lead singer of the country group Sugarland. Nettles' first solo album, That Girl, was released on January 14, 2014.

Nettles was born in Douglas, Georgia.

References

Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state)
1974 births
Living people
In mathematics, homology is a certain procedure to associate a sequence of abelian groups or modules with a mathematical object, such as a topological space or a group. The word homology has the Ancient Greek root homos, which means identical. 

For a topological space, the homology groups are generally much easier to compute than the homotopy groups, and consequently one usually will have an easier time working with homology to help with the classification of spaces.

The original motivation for defining homology groups is the observation that shapes are distinguished by their holes. Since a "hole" is defined by something that is "not there", this poses the problem of how to define what a hole is, and how to distinguish between different kinds of holes. Homology is a rigorous mathematical method for defining and categorizing holes in a shape. As it turns out, there are some kinds of holes that homology cannot "see" — in which case homotopy groups may be what is needed.

Abstract algebra
Topology
Sue Ane Langdon (previously Sue Lookhoff; born 8 March 1936) is a retired American actress.

Career 
She began her career with singing and theatre. On the television series Perry Mason, she played Rowena Leach. She also acted in lots of movies. Her character was Opal Ann in the 1970 movie The Cheyenne Social Club.

Langdon was born in Paterson, New Jersey.

References

Other websites

Sue Ane Langdon photos

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New Jersey
1936 births
Living people
Ellen Hansen Corby (June 3, 1911 — April 14, 1999) was an American actress. Her most famous role was Grandma Esther Walton in the television drama The Waltons. She played that role from 1972 to 1980. She received three Emmy Awards for it.

Corby was born in Racine, Wisconsin. She grew up in Philadelphia. She suffered a stroke in November 1976. She died in 1999 in Los Angeles, California.

Other websites

People from Racine, Wisconsin
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Wisconsin
Deaths from stroke
1911 births
1999 deaths
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Chantico was the Aztec goddess of both pain and pleasure. She is also the goddess of the family hearth, the home and volcanoes. According to Aztec myths she brings wealth and stability to the home. Chantico protects the home from thieves and losing things. She is sometimes shown wearing a crown of cactus spikes and red snakes. She is the 'Lady of the chili pepper' and is sometimes shown with one or two pods of red chilies.

The meaning of her name is 'in the house', meaning she lives in the house. According to one myth she was changed into a dog and another name for her was Quaxolotl.

References

Other websites 
 Chantico, Aztec Goddess of Fire
 Chantico 

Aztec gods and goddesses
The Unsinkable Molly Brown is a musical drama movie from 1964. It is about the title character (originally Margaret Brown) who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912. Debbie Reynolds plays Molly Brown.

The movie received good reviews. It received several Academy Award nominations. It was released in the United States in June 1964.

American musical movies
American drama movies
1964 musical movies
1964 drama movies
Movies directed by Charles Walters
Hermione Baddeley (13 November 1906 — 19 August 1986) was an English character actress. She played Mrs. Worth in The Happiest Millionaire in 1967. Three years before that, she played Ellen in the 1964 musical Mary Poppins, which won several Academy Awards. She played Madame Adelaide in The Aristocats.

Baddeley was born in Broseley, Shropshire, England. She died at age 79 in Los Angeles after suffering several strokes.

References

1906 births
1986 deaths
Deaths from stroke
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Entertainers from Shropshire
The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray. Murray was charged with the involuntary manslaughter of the pop star for giving him an overdose of propofol. The trial started on September 27, 2011 at Los Angeles County Superior Court. In November 2011, the jury found Murray guilty. Murray was sentenced to four years in jail. In October 2013 Murray was released two years early. This was of California prison overcrowding, plus good behavior. After Murray was released from jail he was on 60 Minutes. He said that Jackson killed himself.

References

2011 in California
2010s in Los Angeles, California
Manslaughter
Michael Jackson
Trials in the United States
The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC.

This century 
 Pagoda
 Mesopotamia
Dave Lee Travis (born 25 May 1945), also known as DLT, is a British radio and television presenter. He was born in Buxton, Derbyshire. He started being a presenter for BBC Radio 1 in 1967. From 1981 to 2001, Travis presented A Jolly Good Show.

Personal life
Travis married his wife Marianne in 1971. He said he has cheated on her "once or twice".

Sex offence charges
Travis was arrested on 15 November 2012 as part of Operation Yewtree, an investigation into sexual abuse by Jimmy Savile and other people. Travis was on trial for 14 counts of indecent assault and one count of sexual assault. He has pleaded not guilty to all charges. Travis told police that if he had known Savile was a pedophile he would have reported him. Travis was cleared of all but two charges on 13 February 2014. He was retried on those two charges and another charge. On 23 September 2014, he was convicted of one count of indecent assault.

References
References

1945 births
Living people
British radio personalities
British sex offenders
English television presenters
Operation Yewtree
People acquitted of sex crimes
People from Derbyshire
Hebron is a Palestinian city  south of Jerusalem. It is in the Judaean Mountains, 930 meters (3,050 ft) above sea level. It is the largest city in the West Bank, and the second largest in the Palestinian territories after Gaza. There are about 215,000 people living in Hebron (2016).

Hebron is divided into two parts: H1, controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, and H2, about 20% of the city, controlled by Israel.

The city is famous as the traditional burial site of the Biblical Patriarchs and Matriarchs. This makes it a very important city in Judaism. It is also very important to Muslims because of its connections with Abraham.
Hebron is important to the economy of the area due to the sale of marble from quarries. It is known for its grapes, figs, limestone, pottery workshops and glassblowing factories. It is also the location of the major dairy-product maker, al-Junaidi. The old city of Hebron has narrow, winding streets, flat-roofed stone houses, and old bazaars. The city is home to Hebron University and the Palestine Polytechnic University. It has no cinemas or places of entertainment.

Gallery

References

Other websites  

 www.hebron-city.ps
 Hebron Chamber of Commerce 
 Israeli Ministry of Foreign affairs
 Photographs of Hebron
 RamallahOnline - Photos of Hebron
 Hebron.com - English
 Collection of Palestinian articles on Hebron published by "This Week in Palestine"
 Sephardic Studies 1839 Sephardic census of Ottoman-controlled Hebron.
 
 Settlement Encroachments in Hebron Old City. Photo's/maps of settlements and closed roads. Hebron Rehabilitation Committee, 1 April 2014.
 Settlements on GoogleMaps
Cities in the West Bank
Old Testament
Guy Henry Ourisson (March 26, 1926 – November 4, 2006) was a French chemist. He was vice president and later president of the Academy of Sciences.

Career
In 1952 he got a PhD from Harvard University. In 1954, he got a doctorate in physics from the Sorbonne under the direction of G. Dupont. At the University of Strasbourg, he was appointed as a lecturer in 1955, professor in 1958. He became a retired professor in 1995.

He died, aged 80, in Strasbourg.

2003 deaths
1926 births
French chemists
Abraham Cressy Morrison (1888-1951) was an American chemist. He was President of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Personal life
He was known to his close friends as "Cressy". His wife was the former Marguerite Snow of New York. He loved to fish and entertain at their summer home on Deer Isle, south of Bangor, Maine.

Notable work
Morrison published a book called Man in a Chemical World: The Service of Chemical Industry (New York: Scribner's Sons, 1937). It is a work on science for the general reader. He is better known for his book Man Does Not Stand Alone, which was published in 1944. His largest work was The Baking Powder Controversy (New York: American Baking Powder Association, 1904–07). This is a work in two volumes on the history of the baking powder industry in the U.S.

References

Other websites 
 A. Cressy Morrison

Scientists from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
1888 births
1951 deaths
A hybrid plasmid is a plasmid that contains an inserted piece of foreign DNA.

References

Cell biology
Zeatin is a plant hormone taken from adenine. It is most commonly found in coconut milk and young corn seeds.

Uses
Zeatin and multiple other hormones in its family are known to make plants grow faster. The hormone is used to start seed growth in young plants. It is also used in many anti-aging formulae.

References

Hormones
Plants
Megan Charpentier (born May 26, 2001) is an American and Canadian actress. She was born in California. She grew up in Canada.

She appears as young Valerie in the 2011 movie Red Riding Hood.

Megan plays a girl named Chrystal, who can hear a cat talk in the movie Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever. The movie was first shown on Lifetime television on November 29, 2014.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from British Columbia
2001 births
Living people
Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian child actors
Mama is a 2013 Spanish supernatural horror movie directed by Andy Muschietti. It is about two young girls abandoned in a forest cabin. The two girls, Victoria and Lilly, have different personality traits from one another. The story begins during the 2008 financial crisis and continues to 2013.

The movie got good reviews from critics. It became successful in the box office.

2013 horror movies
2010s supernatural movies
English-language movies
Ghost movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about murderers
Movies set in the 2000s
Spanish horror movies
Russell David Johnson (November 10, 1924 – January 16, 2014) was an American television and movie actor. He was best known as "The Professor" on the CBS television sitcom Gilligan's Island. 

Johnson died at his home in Bainbridge Island, Washington on January 16, 2014. He died from kidney failure. He was 89 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Russell Johnson Interview with the Archive of American Television

1924 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Washington (state)
David Joseph "Dave" Madden (December 17, 1931 – January 16, 2014) was a Canadian-American actor. He was known for his role as Reuben Kincaid on The Partridge Family.

Madden died on January 16, 2014 in Jacksonville, Florida. He died from complications of myelodysplastic syndrome. He was aged 82.

References

Other websites

 An Interview with Dave Madden at C'mon Get Happy - Partridge Family Fan Site
 TMZ report on death - TMZ report on his death

1931 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Indiana
Actors from Ontario
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Sarnia
People from Terre Haute, Indiana
Roger Lloyd-Pack (8 February 1944 – 16 January 2014) was an English actor. He was best known for his roles as Trigger in the television shows Only Fools and Horses, The Vicar of Dibley and The Old Guys, and his role in the movie Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.

Lloyd-Pack died from pancreatic cancer on 16 January 2014. He died at his home in Kentish Town in London. He was aged 69.

References

Other websites
 
 BBC biography 
 BBC interview about appearing in Doctor Who

1944 births
2014 deaths
Actors from London
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
People from Islington
William Jack Baumol (February 26, 1922 – May 4, 2017) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics at New York University. He was also a retired professor at Princeton University. Baumol has written many books about labor market and other issues that affect the economy.

Baumol died on May 4, 2017 in New York City at the age of 95.

References

Other websites
Baumol home page
IDEAS/RePEc
Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive 
The discrimination of blacks has increased the number of jazz composers  - An interview with William Baumol published in the Czech weekly Respekt and daily Blisty in 2003

1922 births
2017 deaths
New York University faculty
American economists
Writers from New York City
Princeton University faculty
Tor Åge Bringsværd (born 16 November 1939 in Skien) is an Norwegian author, playwright, editor and translator. He is perhaps best known for his speculative fiction. Together with Jon Bing, he is also considered the first Norwegian author to write science fiction books. He and Bing have been partners for a long time.

References

1939 births
Living people
Norwegian writers
Norwegian playwrights
European translators
Nils Christie (February 24, 1928 – May 27, 2015) was a Norwegian sociologist and criminologist. He was a professor of criminology at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo since 1966. Among his books is Limits to Pain. It was printed in Norwegian in 1981, Pinens begrensning. It has been translated into eleven languages.

Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
European sociologists
Writers from Oslo
Thomas Fredrik Weybye Barth (22 December 1928 – 24 January 2016) was a Norwegian social anthropologist.  He published several ethnographic books with a clear formalistic view. He was born in Leipzig.

He was a professor in the Department of Anthropology at Boston University. He had previously been a professor at the University of Oslo, the University of Bergen, Emory University and Harvard University. He started the Department of Social Anthropology at the University of Bergen.

Barth died in Oslo, Norway on 24 January 2016 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Los grupos étnicos y sus fronteras. Introducción  
 Los Pathanes: su identidad y conservación  
 Barth, Fredrik (born 1928) - Entry in the AnthroBase Online Dictionary of Anthropology
 video interview of Fredrik Barth from Alan Macfarlane's FILMS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND OTHER "ANCESTORS"
 "Overview: Sixty Years in Anthropology" by Fredrik Barth
 Bergen Open Research Archive
1928 births
2016 deaths
Academics of the University of Bergen
Norwegian writers
European anthropologists
Leipzig (district)
Emory University faculty
Harvard University faculty
Clifford James Geertz (August 23, 1926 – October 30, 2006) was an American anthropologist. He is known for his strong support for and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology. He was considered for 30 years one of the most important cultural anthropologists in the United States. He was also a retired professor or emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, until his death.

References

Other websites
 HyperGeertz@WorldCatalogue  An All-Inclusive Documentation of All Works by Clifford Geertz in All Languages
 Interview of Clifford Geertz(video)
 Big Ideas: Clifford Geertz
 Clifford Geertz: A Life of Learning (Charles Homer Haskins Lecture for 1999)
Clifford Geertz, Cultural Anthropologist, Is Dead at 80 
 Obituary at Institute for Advanced Study 

1926 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American anthropologists
Educators from San Francisco
Writers from San Francisco
Writers from Philadelphia
Educators from Philadelphia
The Division of Throsby was an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was named after Charles Throsby (1777-1828), a pioneer and explorer in the areas south of Sydney.

Throsby included Albion Park, Berkeley, Berrima, Blackbutt, Bowral, Cringila, Dapto, Exeter, Fitzroy Falls, Horsley, Kembla Grange, Lake Illawarra, Mittagong, Moss Vale, Oak Flats, Port Kembla, Robertson, Warrawong, Welby, Willow Vale, and parts of Warilla.

Members

Jennie George was the first woman to be the President of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) 1996-2000.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

other websites
 Division of Throsby, Australian Electoral Commission
 Stephen Jones website

Former electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia
Biker Mice from Mars is a cartoon created by Rick Ungar that first aired in 1993 in the United States and lasted for three seasons before it was cancelled. It is about three human like mice named Throttle, Modo, and Vinnie.  Although there are battles, no blood is shown, no guns are used and many villains are monsters, aliens, and robots.

Characters

Heroes
 Throttle
 Modo
 Vinnie
 Charlene "Charley" Davidson

Enemies
 Lawrence Limburger
 Dr. Benjamin Boris Zachary Karbunkle
 Grease Pit
 Fred the Mutant
 Lord Camembert
 Pit Boss

Reappearing characters
 Napoleon Brie
 Rimfire
 Carbine
 Stoker

Super villains
In most episodes Limburger tell Karbunkle to use transporter to bring in one of the very powerful super villains. Each of them have one special ability which is useful for Limburger´s plan in hand.

Video games
A Biker Mice from Mars video game was released by Konami for the Super Nintendo in 1994. The European version features advertisements for Snickers candy bars.

Other websites
American science fiction television series
Chicago in fiction
English-language television programs
Jordan Michael Houston (born April 5, 1975), better known by his stage name Juicy J, is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer. He is from Memphis, Tennessee. He is a founding member of the Southern hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. They formed in 1991.

Discography
 Chronicles of the Juice Man (2002)
 Hustle Till I Die (2009)
 Stay Trippy (2013)

References

Other websites
 Three 6 Mafia Official Website
 
 

1975 births
Living people
African-American rappers
American record producers
Gangsta rappers
Trap musicians
American songwriters
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Rappers from Tennessee
Twitch (service) streamers
Louis Johnson Jr. (born December 27, 1987), better known by his stage name King Louie (or King L), is an American rapper. He is from Chicago, Illinois. He is signed to the record label Epic Records. King L collaborated with the likes of 2 Chainz, Chief Keef, Lil Durk, Lil Bibby, and Kanye West.

Discography

Mixtapes
 #ManUpBandUp (2010) 
 The Motion Picture (2011) 
 Chiraq Drillinois (2011)
 #ManUpBandUp2 (2011)
 Showtime (2012)
 Drilluminati (2012)
 March Madness (2013)
 Jeep Music (2013)
 Drilluminati 2 (2013)

References

Other websites
 King L Official Website
 King L On The Interview Show - Huffington Post
 Studio Footage of King L on Fake Shore Drive

1987 births
Living people
Rappers from Illinois
Musicians from Chicago
21st-century American rappers
American songwriters
That Awkward Moment is a 2014 American romantic comedy movie written by Tom Gormican in his drectorial debut. It stars Zac Efron, Miles Teller, Michael B. Jordan, Imogen Poots, Mackenzie Davis and Jessica Lucas.

Plot
After Mikey's break-up, Jason and Daniel promise to stay single with him. However, they both end up falling in love and have to avoid facing their promise.

Cast

 Zac Efron as Jason
 Miles Teller as Daniel
 Michael B. Jordan as Mikey
 Imogen Poots as Ellie
 Mackenzie Davis as Chelsea
 Jessica Lucas as Vera
 Parker Block
Emily Meade as Christy
 Josh Pais as Fred
 Victor Slezak as Actor
 Kate Simses as Glasses
 Alysia Reiner as Amanda
 Dan Bittner as Preppy Guy
 Demetrice Jackson as Michael
 Evelina Turen as Sophie

References

Other websites
 

2014 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
The 7.92×57mm Mauser, aka 8mm Mauser round is a German bullet first used in the G98 Mauser rifle. Other German rifles chambered (Size of the bullet the gun can take) in 7.92×57mm include weapons such as the K98, MG34, MG42, FG42, G41, and G43. 

A variant (Different style) of the 7.92×57mm, the 7.92×33 mm "8mm Kurz", was created as an intermediate cartridge intended to be used in urban warfare, as the German army learned from fighting in cities, mainly in Russia after Operation Barbarossa. The 8mm Kurz was used in the STG44 assault rifle. This round, weapon, and concept was picked up and expanded on by the Russians after the war, and this led up to the development of the 7.62×39mm cartridge used in the SKS45, AK47 (and variants), and the RPD light machine gun.
After World War II, Germany was split into two countries, West Germany and East Germany, and both countries stopped using 8mm Mauser weapons. This was because the alliances they made required them to use the same ammunition for all their weapons as their allies. West Germany would use NATO weapons, and East Germany would use Warsaw Pact weapons.

Pistol and rifle cartridges
Military cartridges
Logan Laurice Browning (born June 9, 1989) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is best known for playing Sasha in the movie Bratz: The Movie (2007) and Brianna in Meet the Browns. She currently stars as Jelena Howard on the VH1 series Hit the Floor.

Life and career

Browning joined the cast of Meet the Browns during the second season. She replaced Brianne Gould as the character Brianna Ortiz. She also makes a brief appearance in Prima J's "Rockstar" music video, as well as B5's music video "U Got Me". She also had a recurring role on the Disney XD series Pair of Kings.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 

1989 births
Living people
Singers from Atlanta
Writers from Atlanta
Actors from Atlanta
American television actors
Olympus Has Fallen is an American action movie from 2013. It is about commandos from North Korea holding people hostage in the White House. It stars Gerard Butler, Morgan Freeman, and Aaron Eckhart. It was released in summer of 2013.

A sequel, London Has Fallen, was released in March 2016.

2013 action movies
2013 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
American action thriller movies
English-language movies
Korean-language movies
Multilingual movies
Movies about revenge
Movies about terrorism
Movies about abduction
Movies set in North Korea
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Drone movies
Movies directed by Antoine Fuqua
José Sulaimán Chagnón (born May 30, 1931 – January 16, 2014) was a Mexican boxing official. He was the president of the World Boxing Council. He was entered into the International Boxing Hall of Fame on June 10, 2007.

Sulaimán was born in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. He died in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
Q & A

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mexican businesspeople
Chief executives
People from Tamaulipas
Arvid Carlsson (25 January 1923 – 29 June 2018) was a Swedish neuropharmacologist. He was best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects on Parkinson's disease. 

He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1979.

For his work on dopamine, Carlsson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000. He won the award alongside Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.

References

Other websites
Nobel Prize Biography
The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg

1923 births
2018 deaths
Swedish neuroscientists
Swedish Nobel Prize winners
People from Uppsala
Pharmacologists
Wolf Prize winners
Lund University alumni
Paul Greengard (December 11, 1925 – April 13, 2019) was an American neuroscientist (neurobiologist), biochemist, and pharmacologist of Jewish descent.

He was best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.

Greengard died on April 13, 2019 in New York City at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 Nobel Prize Biography
 The Greengard Lab at The Rockefeller University 
 Paul Greengard US Patents 

1925 births
2019 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American neuroscientists
British pharmacologists
Scientists from New York City
Educators from New York City