Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Ralph Waldo Ellison (March 1, 1913–April 16, 1994) was an African-American writer. He was born in Oklahoma and studied at the Tuskegee Institute. 

Ellison is most famous for writing Invisible Man, a novel about racism and African American identity. The narrator of the book calls himself an invisible man because people refuse to see him for who he really is. Invisible Man won a National Book Award and is still read today by many students and scholars. 

Besides Invisible Man, Ellison wrote many essays. He was very interested in music, especially jazz. He started a second novel, called Juneteenth, but never finished it.

Other websites
Ralph Ellison at BlackPast.org
Ralph Ellison at the National Book Foundation Website
The Ralph Ellison Project at Jerry Jazz Musician

Writers from Oklahoma
1913 births
1994 deaths
The federal government of the United States has three branches of government: the legislature, executive, and judiciary, as established in the United States Constitution.  

When the Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution, they wanted to make sure that their new government would not have any of the problems that the colonial British government did.  For example, they did not want there to be any person in the government who had complete power and could do whatever he wanted, like a king.  They also did not want any part of the government to get so powerful that nobody could control it.  Because of this, they split the government's power into three different branches.  Each branch has ways of balancing out the power of another branch if it gets too powerful.  This is called the system of checks and balances.
Executive branch 
The executive branch is the part of the government that enforces the law. Members of the U.S. Electoral College elect a President, who is the leader of the executive branch.  The President is also the leader of the Armed Forces.

The President cannot make laws.  This is a "check" on the President's power, so he cannot make laws to give himself more power.  However, when the Legislative branch passes a law, the President can decide whether or not to veto the law.  In this way, the President can "check" the power of the Legislature.

The President may also make "executive orders" to make sure that people follow the law. One famous executive order was President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.  Another was President Dwight D. Eisenhower's order to send 1,200 soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division to allow the Little Rock Nine into a school that refused to admit African American students.
The President is in charge of many departments that control much of the day-to-day business of government. For example, the Department of Commerce makes rules about trade and business. The President chooses the heads of these departments, and also nominates judges at the federal (nation-wide) level. However, the United States Senate, part of the legislative branch, must agree with all of the people the President chooses.  This is another check on the President's power, so he cannot just fill these departments and courts with people that will always agree with him.

The President may serve two 4-year terms, making 8 years in all.  The purpose of this rule is to prevent a person from staying President for his whole life, like a king. In special times, the President could serve more than this, but the Constitution does not allow them to be President for more than 10 years.

Judicial branch
Judicial branch 

The Judiciary branch is made up of federal courts: the United States Supreme Court; 13 appellate (appeals) courts, and 94 district courts, as well as some other special courts. The Judicial branch interprets the laws.  This means that if there is a question about what a law means, or whether something is illegal, these courts decide.

The duties of the judicial branch include:

 Interpreting federal laws; 
 Settling legal arguments; 
 Punishing people who break federal laws; 
 Hearing civil cases; 
 Protecting individual rights granted by the Constitution; 
 Deciding whether people accused of breaking federal criminal laws are guilty or not guilty; 
 Acting as a check upon the legislative and executive branches of government, to make sure neither gets too powerful.
Most cases brought before the Supreme Court are appeals that have been tried in the district or appellate courts, but the Supreme Court does not have to accept a case. Once a decision has been made by the Supreme Court, that is the final decision.  Only another Supreme Court decision, in another case, can change it.

Of the nine Supreme Court justices (judges), one is selected to be the Chief Justice. The Chief Justice assigns justices to write the Court's opinions and decisions.

Cases normally go through trial with a judge, and sometimes a jury, in the District Courts. If a Defendant thinks that their rights were violated, or denied to them, during trial, then they can appeal to a Court of Appeals. These court hearings are decided on by a group of three judges, with no jury.

Legislative branch 

The legislative branch is the part of the government that makes laws. The legislative branch is called Congress. Congress is divided into two "houses."

House of Representatives
One house is the United States House of Representatives (often just called "The House").  The House of Representatives is made up of Representatives (also called Congressmen). They are each elected by voters from their own state. Each state has a different number of Representatives.  The number depends on how many people live in the state.  The more people a state has, the more representatives it gets. Every 10 years, the U.S. Census Bureau does a census, or count, of the population of the United States. States may gain or lose Representatives if the Census shows that the state's population has changed.  As of 2016, there are 435 Representatives in the House.

Representatives serve two-year terms. The leader of the House of Representatives is the Speaker of the House, who is also the person who would become president if the President and Vice President were unable.
Every state also has its own state House of Representatives.  This should not be confused with the United States House of Representatives.  Each state's House of Representatives only deals with issues that affect that state.  The United States House of Representatives deals with issues that affect the whole country.

United States Senate 

The other house is the United States Senate. In the Senate, each state is represented equally, by two Senators. Because there are 50 states, there are 100 senators. Before the President makes treaties or hires officials, the Senate must approve them.

Senators serve six-year terms. The Vice President of the United States serves as president of the Senate, but may only vote on something to break a tie vote. The Vice President is usually absent from the Senate, and a Senator is selected to serve as president pro tempore, or temporary president, of the Senate.
Each state also has its own state Senate.  Like with the House, this should not be confused with the United States Senate, which deals with federal issues.

How laws are made 
Representatives and Senators suggest laws, called "bills", in their separate houses. A bill may be voted upon by the entire house right away, or may first go to a small group of members of that house, known as a committee, which may recommend a bill for a vote by the whole house. If one house votes to pass a bill, the bill then gets sent to the other house. if both houses vote for it, it is then sent to the President.  The President may sign the bill, ignore it, or veto it. If the President signs or ignores the bill, it becomes a federal law. If the President vetoes the bill, it is sent back to Congress. If Congress votes again and at least two-thirds of Congress votes for the bill, it becomes law.  The President cannot veto it again.  This is another check on the President's power.
Under the American system of federalism, Congress may not make laws that directly control the states. Instead, Congress may use the promise of federal funds or special situations, such as national emergencies, to encourage the states to follow federal law. This system is both complex and unique.

Related pages 
Executive branch:
 President of the United States
 United States federal executive departments
Judicial branch:
 Supreme Court of the United States
 United States courts of appeals
 United States district courts
Legislative branch:
 United States Congress
 United States House of Representatives
 United States Senate
The whole federal government is based on:
 Constitution of the United States
 Checks and balances

References
References

Other websites 
 The Three Branches of Government (from USA.gov)
 Find out who your Members of Congress and other elected officials are, and how to contact them (from USA.gov)
 How Laws are Made: For young learners , grade schoolers , middle schoolers , and high schoolers  (from the U.S. House of Representatives)
 About Federal Courts (from USCourts.gov)
 Checks and Balances (from the U.S. Government Publishing Office)
Draco Lucius Malfoy is a fictional character from the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. Malfoy is an antagonist, a Slytherin student in Harry Potter's year and Harry's main rival in school. In the Harry Potter movies, he is played by Tom Felton.

Appearance

The fictional Draco Malfoy is described as having a pale, pointed face, sleek white-blond hair and light icy gray eyes that seem cold.

Character

Draco Malfoy is depicted as a manipulative villain, exhibiting cunning use of magic and an ambitious attitude to get what he wants in the stories.

Family
Family

Draco Malfoy is the only child of Lucius and Narcissa Malfoy, a member of the Black family, whose cousin is Harry Potter's godfather. Draco’s family was “one of the first to come back to the good side after the Wizarding War ended and Voldemort was defeated.” In a stage play towards the end of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2, Malfoy married Astoria Greengrass, a fellow housemate and had an only child, Scorpius Malfoy, who is identical to Draco. Astoria later died from blood malediction in 2017, which leaves Draco devastated.

Story
Story

Draco Malfoy's father taught Draco Malfoy to bully Harry and his friends Ron, Hermione and Neville Longbottom. In the second book, he mocks Hermione by calling her "Mudblood", insulting her for her Muggle origins. In the sixth book of the Harry Potter series, Draco becomes a Death Eater, thinking it will make his father proud.  But, he realizes his mistake and when asked by Voldemort to murder Professor Dumbledore, he is unable to do so. Severus Snape commits the murder after he took the unbreakable vow to protect Malfoy. With Dumbledore's death, Malfoy becomes the master of the powerful Elder Wand.  He disarms Dumbledore and he is later disarmed by Harry Potter. 

Harry Potter characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1997
Ducktales:Treasure of the Golden Suns is the pilot of the series DuckTales.

Plot

Part 1: Don't Give up the ship
The shows opens at Duckburg. After Donald Duck enlists in the navy, Uncle Scrooge has to take care of grand-nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Uncle Scrooge brings the boys to the McDuck's mansion where they are presented to Duckworth, the butler. The nephews are forced to sleep in the attic. Days later, Donald sends a letter to the nephews that tells of his experiences in the Navy. The nephews try to follow Uncle Scrooge but they are held by Duckworth in the Hall. After breaking out of the room, the kids leave the mansion and follow Uncle Scrooge to Money Bin, where the boys find a model boat at the museum. Meanwhile, an evil man named El Capitan hires the Beagle Boys (named Bigtime, Bankjob and Burger) to steal a boat model from Scrooge. In the mansion, the nephews hear Scrooge speak ill of them and they run away.
Part 2: Wronguay at Ronguay
Back at the mansion, the nephews decipher the code written on the map, but refuse to tell Uncle Scrooge unless he lets them participate in the treasure hunt. At that point, Glomgold, a millionaire rival, comes to pay $2,000,000 for Scrooge's candy factory. Glomgold bets that he can make more money in two weeks or he will eat Scrooge's hat. Uncle Scrooge and his nephews rent a cheap plane to go to South America to a place named Ronguay. When they arrive, the people who live there try to run away in the plane because Monsopies are coming, which Uncle Scrooge believes is a festival. 

The ducks get a llama to carry their baggage and supplies to build a camp.
Huey reads in the manual of Junior Woodchucks what Monsopies is. It is not a festival. It is a flood that occurs every 100 years and covers the whole country with water. When the Monsopies begins, the provisions flow away in the mud. The ducks sleep in a cave, but the villains block the exit with a stone. Fortunately the ducks find another exit and also a wrecked boat full of gold. After repairing the boat, they use the flooding waters to navigate out of Ronguay to escape. 

On the sea, El Capitan and Glomgold snap up the boat and leave the heroes in a life-boat. Glomgold tosses one of the golden coins to Scrooge. The boat with all the gold ship sinks and wrecks. Since Uncle Scrooge now has a golden coin from the treasure, he has earned the most money. Glomgold has lost his bet.

DuckTales
PCLinuxOS is a Linux operating system. It is a free operating system for personal computers. It was made to be easy to use.

History 

The start of PCLinuxOS was a set of RPM packages created to improve successive versions of Mandrake Linux (now Mandriva Linux). These packages were created by Bill Reynolds, a packager better known as Texstar.  From the year 2000 to 2003, Texstar maintained his repository of RPM packages in parallel with the PCLinuxOnline  Web site. In an interview, Reynolds said he started PCLinuxOS "to provide an outlet for [his] crazy desire to package source code without having to deal with egos, arrogance and politics."

In 2003 Texstar created a fork of Mandrake Linux 9.2 (which was released in October 2003). Working closely with The Live CD Project, Texstar has since developed that fork independently into a full-fledged distribution. The initial releases were successively numbered as "previews" i.e. p5, p7, p8 up to p81a, then p9, p91, p92.
In August 2006 three new CDs/ISOs, numbered 0.93a, were released: MiniMe, Junior and Big Daddy. At the same time, the original packages that make up the KDE desktop environment have been split into smaller ones, while some less essential portions of KDE have been omitted from the CD. As a result, Texstar was able to fit the OpenOffice.org package into the BigDaddy release. MiniMe remains a minimal "Live & Install" CD for experienced users wishing to add their own selection of packages, while Junior adds a few essential desktop-oriented packages, meeting the user somewhere between the two other releases.  PCLinuxOS 2008 "MiniMe" edition, was released on 2008-01-07.
With the advent of PCLinuxOS 2007, also known as .94, PCLinuxOS became rebased on Mandriva Linux 2007. This implied a shift to a more modern code which will require a complete reinstall to this version. The new version features a new look, and built-in 3D effects. Both Beryl and Compiz come pre-installed, and can be configured with the PCLOS Control Center. A new logo has also been designed for the new version, and is incorporated in the boot screen. A new login screen has been designed, entitled "Dark". PCLinuxOS 2007 final version was released on 2007-05-21.

GNOME edition
PCLinuxOS Gnome 2008, a remastered, community edition of PCLinuxOS featuring the GNOME 2.21.2 desktop (and sporting a look similar to Microsoft's Windows Vista), was released on March 21, 2008, and is currently hosted at  linuxgator.org .
Features 
PCLinuxOS is distributed as a Live CD, which can also be installed to a local hard disk drive. When used as a Live CD, it can work with a USB flash drive, where the user's configuration and personal data are saved.  The entire CD can be copied to and run from memory (if the system has sufficient RAM) increasing speed. PCLinuxOS uses the Advanced Packaging Tool (or APT), a package management system (originally from the Debian distribution), together with Synaptic Package Manager, a GUI front end to APT, in order to add, remove or update packages. If there is enough memory on the machine and a network connection, the Live CD can update packages.
PCLinuxOS is also designed to be easy to remaster after installation, creating one's own personalized CD, using the mklivecd tool.

Relationship with Mandriva Linux
Although it retains a similar "look and feel" to Mandriva Linux, PCLinuxOS has diverged significantly. The code was officially forked into an independent project in 2003, but after three years of contiguous development, the devs took advantage of further development in (the renamed) Mandriva, and forked the code again for PCLinuxOS 2007.

PCLinuxOS maintains its own software repository, available via the Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) and its Synaptic front-end, completely replacing Mandriva's urpmi. PCLinuxOS endeavors to maintain a fully valid upgrade path for version 1.0. This means that an installation could be continuously updated to the latest versions of packages, hence foregoing the need to re-install the entire distribution upon each successive release.  In the test releases before 1.0, it has sometimes been necessary to perform a reinstallation.

Other differences include its own menu arrangement and custom graphics and icon sets.
PCLinuxOS places specific emphasis on desktop computing, concentrating its efforts for home or small business environments, hence paying less attention to other more "traditional" uses, like servers (although packages for most server tasks are available).

Projects 
There are several community projects associated with PCLinuxOS. Since PCLOS includes the mklivecd script, there are several third-party distributions based on PCLOS. Some include: 
 Small Business Edition 
 VideoLinux
 SAM Linux
 CAE Linux
 PCLinuxOS Digital Photography Edition 

The PCLinuxOS Magazine project is a community driven free publication focused on the users of PCLinuxOS by MyPCLinuxOS.com. This online publication was started in September 2006 by a group of PCLOS users with some publication experience. All content for the publication is solicited from the PCLOS user base.

The PCLinuxOS beautification project  encourages and hosts user submitted media for visual aspects of PCLinuxos.
All the above projects are tracked and have forums on the larger MyPCLinuxOS , whose stated purpose is to be "the home site of all community projects related to PCLinuxOS", and offers help and support "whether you're looking to start a project,[or] join a project"

Related pages
List of Linux distributions

References

Other websites
 PCLinuxOS website

Linux distributions
Live CD
Nutrition provides the cells of an organism with food, in a form they can use. Organisms need food to be able to keep their bodies working properly. They also need food to be able to do certain things. Malnutrition can happen when a person does not eat the right amount of nutrients. They can get better by changing their diet to have the right amount of the various nutrients.

Different organisms have different food requirements, and they eat different things in order to meet those requirements. Animals that do not eat meat, for example, will have to get certain nutrients like protein from other foods.

A nutrition expert is called a dietician. Nutritionists are different because they do not need the government to recognize them as experts. Anyone can call themselves a nutritionist.
Fat is found naturally in some foods. People often eat it in processed foods such as cakes and chocolate. It is  high in energy. Omega 3 and omega 6 fats are needed by the body. There are saturated fats and unsaturated fats. It is recommended that people avoid the saturated type. It has been linked with heart disease. Trans fats is also a fat people should avoid. A lot of people think that fat is bad in general, but it is still controversial. People are also advised not to eat too much sugar or salt.

Most people eat three meals a day. Eating every few hours keeps blood sugar stable. Some foods are good for us and some foods are bad.

Related pages
 Digestion
 Enzyme
 Diabetes
 Food group
 Malnutrition
 Obesity
 Starvation

Notes

 
Healthy lifestyle
Physiques
A lei is a flower necklace from Hawaii. The flower used most is the hibiscus or the orchid. May First is called "Lei Day" in Hawaii.

Culture of Hawaii
Flowers
The orchids are a large family of flowering plants, the Orchidaceae. They are herbaceous monocots.

There are between 22,000 and 26,000 species in 880 genera. They make up between 6 and 11% of all seed plants. Orchids can be found in almost every country in the world except for Antarctica.

People have grown orchids for a number of years. They grow orchids for show, for science, or for food (for example, vanilla).

Some orchids have very special ways of pollination. For example, the Lady's Slipper can trap insects and make them pollinate the flower. Another instance is the Austrian orchid, which grows underground and is pollinated by ants.

Many orchids are myco-heterotrophs, meaning their roots need fungi to break down organic material for them to absorb.

Distribution
Distribution 

Colombia and Ecuador have many different species. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has over 1500 species. Other places with great variety are the mountains in the southern Himalayas in India and China. The mountains of Central America and southeastern Africa also have various species, especially on the island of Madagascar.

Ecuador has 3459 species, the greatest number recorded.  After Ecuador is Colombia, which has 2723.[2] Following Colombia are New Guinea (2717 species) and Brazil (2590 species).

In warm places where there is much grass, or in places where there is dry savanna and rocky fields, orchids grow in the ground. They have firm underground roots and sometimes have tubers to help protect themselves against cold or snow. The tubers also help protect them against long droughts or fires. The cold would freeze the roots if they were not protected to store the nutrients they need for blooming in the spring.
It is thought that some species are becoming extinct in the wild. This is mainly because people cut down forests for agriculture.

Reproduction

Pollination

The complex cross-pollination mechanisms were described by Charles Darwin in his 1862 book, The Fertilization of Orchids. Orchids have developed special pollination systems. The chances of being pollinated are often scarce, so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods, and most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass. Each time pollination succeeds, thousands of ovules can be fertilized. Catasetum, a genus discussed briefly by Darwin, actually launches its sticky pollinia with explosive force when an insect touches a seta (hair), knocking the pollinator off the flower.
Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and color of the flower. The flowers may produce attractive odors. In some extremely specialized orchids, such as the Eurasian genus Ophrys, the labellum is adapted to have a color, shape, and odour that attracts male insects via mimicry of a receptive female. Pollination happens as the insect attempts to mate with flowers.

Many neotropical orchids are pollinated by male orchid bees, which visit the flowers to gather the volatile chemicals they require to synthesize pheromonal attractants. Each type of orchid places the pollinia on a different body part of a different species of bee, so as to enforce proper cross-pollination. After pollination, the sepals and petals fade and wilt, but they usually remain attached to the ovary.

An underground orchid in Australia, Rhizanthella slateri, is never exposed to light and depends on ants and other terrestrial insects to pollinate it.
Some orchids mainly or totally rely on self-pollination, especially in colder regions where pollinators are rare.

Fruits and seeds

The ovary typically develops into a capsule that splits along three or six longitudinal slits, while remaining closed at both ends. The ripening of a capsule can take two to 18 months.

The seeds are extremely small and very numerous, in some species over a million per capsule. After ripening, they blow off like dust particles or spores. They lack the food reserve called endosperm, so must have symbiosis with fungi to get nutrients to germinate. All orchid species rely on fungi to complete their lifecycles. As the chance for a seed to meet a fitting fungus is very small, only a minute fraction of all the seeds released grow into adult plants.

In cultivation, germination typically takes weeks. Horticultural techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel, so they do not need the fungus for germination.
The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is agar. The substance is put together with some type of carbohydrate (actually, some kind of glucose) which provides qualitative organic feed. Such substance may be banana, pineapple, peach or even tomato puree or coconut milk. After the "cooking" of the agar agar (it has to be cooked in sterile conditions), the mix is poured into test tubes or jars where the substance begins to gel.

References

Other websites 

 
 

 
National symbols of Singapore
Lei could mean:

 Lei, the singular formal form of "you" in Italian (informal : tu)
 Lei, the plural form of Leu, the name of two currencies. See Romanian leu and Moldovan leu.
 Lei (Hawaii), a Hawaiian flower necklace
 Lei (surname), a Chinese name
 Lei (Italy), a town in Sardinia
 Lei Fang, a character in the Dead or Alive game series
 Lei Wulong, a character in the Tekken game series
 Lei (magazine), an Italian magazine
 Lei, the Portuguese language word meaning "law"
 L.e.i., a clothing company

LEI could mean:
 LEI, the ATA Airport Code for the Spanish city Almería
 Legal Expenses Insurance, a policy which covers the holder for legal costs

LEIS might mean:
Low-energy ion scattering
Steven Vincent Buscemi (born December 13, 1957) is an American actor, director, producer, writer and former firefighter. He is best known for his roles as Mr. Pink in Reservoir Dogs, Carl Showalter in Fargo, and Seymour in Ghost World. With a long career, he has worked in several movies and television shows like The Sopranos and The Simpsons. He was married to Jo Andres from 1987 until her death in 2019. They have a son, Lucian Buscemi.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 The Illustrious Steve Buscemi 
 Steve Buscemi: IndieKing 
 

1957 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Survey could mean:

Geography
Surveying, the technique and science of measuring positions and distances on Earth
Aerial survey, a method of collecting information using aerial photography
Cadastral survey, used to document land ownership, by the production of documents, diagrams, plats, and maps
Dominion Land Survey, the method used to divide most of Western Canada into one-square-mile sections for agricultural and other purposes
Public Land Survey System, a method used in the United States to survey and identify land parcels 
Survey township, a square unit of land, six miles (~9.7 km) on a side, used by the U.S. Public Land Survey System
Statistics
Statistical survey, a collection of quantitative information about members of a population
Census, a collection of information about every member of a population
Sampling (statistics), collecting information on only a sample of a population
Opinion poll, an informal collection of opinions using sampling
Quantitative marketing research, the use of surveys to collect data for marketing purposes
Paid survey, statistical survey which rewards the participant, often used to collect information for marketing purposes
Questionnaire, a series of questions used to gather information
  Information Technology , a collection of surveys on IT
Earth Sciences
Geological survey, an investigation of the subsurface of the ground to create a geological map or model
Geophysical survey, the systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies
Soil survey, the mapping of the properties and varieties of soil in a given area
Archaeological field survey, the collection of information by archaeologists prior to excavation
Hydrographic survey, the gathering of information about navigable waters for the purposes of safe navigation of vessels
Cave survey, the three-dimensional mapping of underground caverns; the resulting map is also referred to as a survey

Astronomy
Astronomical survey, imaging or mapping regions of the sky
Durchmusterung, a German word for a systematic survey of objects or data, generally used in astronomy
Redshift survey, an astronomical survey of a section of the sky to calculate the distance of objects from Earth

Academia
Survey article, a scholarly publication to summarize an area of research
Organizations
The Institut Géographique National, a French state establishment which produces and maintains geographical information for France and its territories
The Survey of India, India's central agency in charge of mapping and surveying
The Zoological Survey of India studies the fauna of India
The British Geological Survey, a body which carries out geological survey and monitoring of the UK landmass
The Ordnance Survey, national mapping agency for Great Britain
The British Antarctic Survey, conducts scientific research in and around Antarctica for the United Kingdom
The United States Geological Survey, government scientific research agency which studies the landscape of the United States
The U.S. National Geodetic Survey, performs geographic surveys as part of the U.S. Department of Commerce
A closet is a small room in which people put their clothes. It is usually not bigger than a garage or a basement. It is not a wardrobe, it is a room. Some people put things inside it other than clothes.

Furniture
FreeDOS is a free and open source operating system. It is made to work just like MS-DOS. Almost all programs that will run on MS-DOS will run on FreeDOS too. It was created because Microsoft did not want to make MS-DOS anymore. FreeDOS can be installed with a floppy or with a CD.

References

Other websites 

 Official website ; Official blog 
 Official download site
 Official Facebook group
 Official SourceForge page
 

Operating systems
This article contains information on every episode in Disney's The Buzz on Maggie.

2005 Aired Episodes

Episode 1A: The Flyinator

Maggie wants to see an FM-rated movie called The Flyinator 3, but she gets frightened from seeing it. And when she comes home, her entire family, even Bella, turn into a bunch of Flyinators, but that's only in Maggie's imagination.

Episode 1B: Ladybugged

A ladybug comes to Buzzdale Academy and bosses other students, and lies about what a superior life she had in Beverly Gardens, but Maggie unveils the lies.

Episode 2A: Funball

When Maggie realizes that her older brother, Aldrin, can beat Pupert, Maggie's younger brother, at everyething, she devises a new game called "funball" so that Pupert can beat Aldrin at something. But Aldrin gets the hang of things and eventually wins.

Episode 2B: The Science Watchamacallit

Lists of animated television series episodes
Coahoma County is a county in the northwestern part of Mississippi. There are about 30,622 people living there. It's capital is Clarksdale. It was started on February 9, 1836. "Coahoma" is a Choctaw word that means "red panther."

References

Mississippi counties
1836 establishments in Mississippi
The Province of Trento (), also called Trentino, is an autonomous province of Italy.

Trentino is an alpine region of northern Italy. The population has been neolatin since the fall of the Roman empire. Trentino and Trento are famous tourist destinations.

History
During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church controlled Trento, while Austria controlled the area since the beginning of the Renaissance.

In the 16th century Trento became notable for the Council of Trent (1545–1563) which started the Counter-Reformation. The introduction of the Counter-Reformation in Trentino brought also a general recovery of Italian language over German, as the Protestant ideas had found more followers in the small German-speaking population.

During WWI, Trentino was at the center of bloody battles between Italians and Austrians: Trentino was united to Italy in 1918. Italian irredentism welcomed the union. It was followed by fascist improvements of the Italian nationalism in Trentino.
In the 1960s and 1970s Trentino witnessed strong economic development, spurred mainly by tourism and by the new autonomy. It is currently one of the richest and most developed Italian provinces.

Its capital is the town of Trento, historically known in English as Trent. The province covers an area of more than , with a total population of about 0.5 million.

In 1996, the "Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino" was formed between the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian provinces of Alto Adige/South Tyrol and Trentino. The boundaries of the association correspond to the old County of Tyrol. The aim is to promote regional peace, understanding and cooperation in many areas. The region's assemblies meet together as one on various occasions and have set up a common office to the European Union in Brussels.

Related pages
 Trento
 Italy

Notes

Other websites

Autonomous areas
Tyrol
The King Power Stadium is a football stadium in Leicester, England, where Leicester City Football Club play their home football matches. Built to replace the aging filbert street ground, it can have up to 32,500 people inside it, more than 10,000 more than the ground it replaced. Originally called  the Walkers Stadium, it was renamed to the King Power Stadium in 2011 following the end of the sponsorship deal, and re-branded the King Power Stadium following a take over by the current club owners and consultation with fans.

Football stadiums in England
Buildings and structures in Leicester
Botoşani (pronunciation in Romanian:  is the capital city of Botoşani County, in the northern part of Moldavia, Romania.  It has a population of 115,609 people as of the year 2002

Today, it is best known as the birthplace of many celebrated Romanians, including Mihai Eminescu and Nicolae Iorga.

Sport 
Football is represented in Botoşani by the team FC Botoşani.

References 

County capitals of Romania
Municipalities of Romania
Cities in Romania
The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling after the so-called Medieval Warm Period.

Climatologists (people who study climate) and historians find it difficult to agree on either the start or end dates of this period. Some say the Little Ice Age started about the 16th century and continued to the mid 19th century.  It is generally agreed that there were three minima, one beginning about 1650, one about 1770, the last one about 1850. Each time was separated by slight warming intervals.
At first, it was believed that the LIA was all over the world. Now it is not clear if this is true.

Solar activity
Solar activity 

During the period 1645–1715, in the middle of the Little Ice Age, there was a period of low solar activity known as the Maunder Minimum. The physical link between low sunspot activity and cooling temperatures has not been established, but the coincidence of the Maunder Minimum with the deepest trough of the Little Ice Age is suggestive of such a connection. The Spörer Minimum has also been identified with a significant cooling period near the beginning of the Little Ice Age. Other indicators of low solar activity during this period are levels of the isotopes carbon-14 and beryllium-10.

Volcanic activity 
Throughout the Little Ice Age, the world also experienced heightened volcanic activity. When a volcano erupts, its ash reaches high into the atmosphere and can spread to cover the whole of Earth. This ash cloud blocks out some of the incoming solar radiation, leading to worldwide cooling that can last up to two years after an eruption.
Ocean conveyor shutdown 
Another possibility is that there was a shutdown or slowing of Thermohaline circulation, also known as the "great ocean conveyor" or "meridional overturning circulation". The Gulf Stream could have been interrupted by the introduction of a large amount of fresh water to the North Atlantic, possibly caused by a period of warming before the little ice age. There is some concern that shutdown of thermohaline circulation could happen again as a result of global warming.

End of Little Ice Age 
Beginning around 1850, the climate began warming and the Little Ice Age ended.  Some global warming critics believe that Earth's climate is still recovering from the Little Ice Age and that human activity is not the decisive factor in present temperature trends,  but this idea is not widely accepted.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Abrupt Climate Change Information from the Ocean & Climate Change Institute , Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
 The Next Ice Age  (discussion of Woods Hole research)
 IPCC on Was there a Little Ice Age and a Medieval Warm Period? 
 Huascaran (Peru) Ice Core Data from the NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program  
 Abrupt Decrease in Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Salinity at End of Little Ice Age  ("indicates that sea surface temperature and salinity were higher in the 18th century than in the 20th century")
 Dansgaard cycles and the Little Ice Age (LIA)  (it is not easy to see a LIA in the graphs)
 The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warming in South Africa    
 Was El Niño unaffected by the Little Ice Age? 
 Evidence for the Little Ice Age in Spain
 On LIA 
  Dutch Cloud an Landscape Painting in the LIA 

Climate change
Michael Morgan is the name of several people:

 Michael Dennis Morgan is an Olympic-level rower. He has competed for Australia, 2004. He was born December 19, 1946.
 Michael Morgan is a German singer of simple popular songs. He was born March 10, 1968, as Michael Lamboley in Merzig in West-Germany.
A trade route is a series of paths or roads that is used for the commercial transport of cargo.

Historically, the period from 1500 BC–1 AD saw the Western Asian, Mediterranean, Chinese and Indian societies develop major networks for trade, such as the silk road. Europe's early trading routes included the amber road, which served as a network for long distance trade. Maritime trade along the spice route became prominent during the Middle Ages; nations tried to control this influential route. During the Middle Ages organizations such as the Hanseatic League, aimed at protecting interests of the merchants and trade, also became increasingly important.
In modern times, commercial activity shifted from the major trade routes of the Old World to newer routes between modern nation states. This activity was sometimes carried out without traditional protection of trade and under international free trade agreements, which allowed commercial goods to cross borders with relaxed restrictions. Innovative transportation of the modern times includes pipeline transport, and the relatively well known trade using rail routes, automobiles and cargo airlines. In some select cases, pipelines can even transport solids, such as coal and other minerals, over long distances; short-distance transportation of goods such as grain, cement, concrete, solid wastes, pulp etc. is also feasible.

Other websites 
 Trade routes: the growth of global trade. ArchAtlas, Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford. 
 Ancient trade routes between Europe and Asia. Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Notes

References 

Business
Zircon is a silicate mineral. It is found in many different places in almost all kinds of rock. The chemical it is made up of is called  zirconium silicate:  ZrSiO4. Clear zircon may look like diamond and has been used as a cheaper replacement for diamond.  It is not the same as cubic zirconia, which is man-made zirconium dioxide.  In the United States, zircon is considered to be the birth stone for the month of December.

Long lasting zircons 
Zircons from the Jack Hills in the Narryer Gneiss Terrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, have yielded U–Pb (uranium–lead radioactive dating) ages up to 4.404 billion years. This is judged to be the age of crystallization, making them the oldest minerals so far dated on Earth. In addition, the oxygen isotopic compositions of some of these zircons indicate that more than 4.4 billion years ago there was already water on the surface of the Earth. This interpretation is supported by additional trace element data, but is also the subject of debate.

References
References 

Gemstones
Minerals
Labradorite is one kind of feldspar. It is a silicate mineral, and is special because it is often pretty enough to be used in jewelry. Some kinds of labradorite are called moonstone or sunstone.

Gemstones
Minerals
Beryl is a cyclosilicate, and is the second main ore of beryllium metal. It is sometimes found as very, very large crystals, as much as 18 m. (59 ft.) long. Colored clear beryl is often used for jewelry, including emerald (green), aquamarine (bluegreen), bixbite (red), morganite (pink), and heliodor (golden).

Gemstones
Minerals
Hallstatt is a village in Upper Austria. Currently, a little over 900 people live there. It is in the Salzkammergut, a mountain regionin Austria. It lies on a lake. 

Because of its position, Hallstatt could only be reached by boat (or by using narrow, difficult mountain trails) for a long time. At the end of the 19th century a road was built. Despite this, even in the Neolithic people might have lived there. This is because there is a lot of natural salt there. In 1846, Johann Georg Ramsauer (a salt miner) found a cemetery from the neolithic age just above the village. A cultural epoch in Europe is named after this. It is called Hallstatt culture. Other finds in the region include a Shoe-last celt (a special kind of wedge, probably used to treat wood). A blacksmith site has also been excavatzed. 

Today, the village lives mainly on tourism. There is a copy of the village in China.

References 

Settlements in Upper Austria
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was drafted by the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic on the Mayflower, looking for the freedom to belive in Christianity according to their own beliefs in God. It was signed on 11 November 1620 (OS) by 41 of the ship's more than one hundred passengers, where they first landed.  According to the customs of the time, the signers were all male. Of the 41 men who signed the Compact, 21 died during the first year in United States of America.
List of men who signed 
This is a list of names of the 41 men who signed the Compact.
 John Carver
 William Bradford 
 Edward Winslow 
 William Brewster 
 Isaac Allerton 
 Myles Standish 
 John Alden 
 John Turner
 Francis Eaton 
 James Chilton
 John Crackston
 John Billington 
 Moses Fletcher
 John Goodman
 Samuel Fuller 
 Christopher Martin 
 William Mullins
 William White 
 Richard Warren 
 John Howland
 Stephen Hopkins 
 Degory Priest
 Thomas Williams
 Gilbert Winslow 
 Edmund Margeson 
 Peter Browne 
 Richard Britteridge
 George Soule 
 Edward Tilley
 John Tilley
 Francis Cooke 
 Thomas Rogers
 Thomas Tinker 
 John Ridgdale
 Edward Fuller
 Richard Clarke
 Richard Gardiner 
 John Allerton 
 Thomas English
 Edward Doty 
 Edward Leister

References 

Official documents of the United States
1620
1620s in the Thirteen Colonies
November events
John Piper could mean:
 John Piper (author) (born 1953), English author and market analyst
 John Piper (artist) (1903–1992), English painter and printmaker
 John Piper (broadcaster), BBC radio host
 John Piper (military officer) (1773–1851), lieutenant-governor of Norfolk Island
 John Piper (theologian) (born 1946), Reformed pastor and author
John Stephen Piper (born January 11, 1946, Chattanooga, Tennessee) is a Reformed Baptist theologian, preacher, and author. He is the pastor for preaching of Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and has written many books. He started the evangelical ministry named Desiring God, after his book Desiring God: Meditations of a Christian Hedonist.

Biography

Early life 
Piper was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He is the son of Bill and Ruth Piper. When he and his older sister were still young, the Pipers moved to Greenville, South Carolina where he spent the rest of his childhood. He later graduated from Wade Hampton High School. His father was an evangelist who worked with international radio and Bible programs until his death on March 6, 2007.
College years 
Piper went to Wheaton College in 1964-68. He majored in literature, and minored in philosophy. Because he studied Romantic Literature in college, he went on to enjoy it in life. Today he writes poems for special family events, as well as writing story-poems about the lives of biblical people.

After college, he studied for and received a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California (1968-71). While there, he took several courses where he studied the writings of Jonathan Edwards. He also did some doctoral work in New Testament Studies in Munich, West Germany from 1971-1974.
Middle life 
In 1980, after what he said was something that he could not turn down, he became a preacher. Piper became Pastor of Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He has been working there ever since. Piper became popular when his book Desiring God: Meditations of a Christian Hedonist was published. He has written many books since. In 1994, he started Desiring God Ministries. Today Desiring God puts all of Piper's sermons and articles from the last three decades online for free, as well as offering books, CDs, and DVDs.
On January 11, 2006, Piper was told that he had prostate cancer. According to a letter sent to his church, he and his doctors thought that the cancer was not a big problem. When Piper talked about this he said, "This news has, of course, been good for me. The most dangerous thing in the world is the sin of self-reliance and the stupor of worldliness. The news of cancer has a wonderfully blasting effect on both. I thank God for that. The times with Christ in these days have been unusually sweet." Piper had surgery on February 14, 2006. He married Noël Henry in 1968, and they now have four sons, a daughter, and several grandchildren.

Beliefs

Christian hedonism
Piper calls himself a Christian Hedonist and teaches that "God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in him." He also teaches that God's highest pursuit and man's deepest happiness are the same in one pursuit – namely, "the pursuit of joy in God." He was learned this theory in the writings of Jonathan Edwards, Blaise Pascal, and C. S. Lewis, among others.

Salvation 
Piper believes in justification by faith alone apart from good works. His teachings talk about the need for the Christian to have faith, sanctification, as this is evidence of God's saving grace. Piper says that someone who says they are a Christian, but does not act Christian, shows that they were never a true believer.

Rapture beliefs 
Piper believes in the Post-Tribulational view of the Rapture and leans towards historical premillennialism. He believes that Romans 11 teaches many ethnic Israeli people will be saved at Jesus' second coming.
Old Testament 
Piper is very neutral about the Torah in Judaism. He says that it was made by God to reveal sin and show that man does not live up to God's righteous standards. Christians, living under the New Testament, are not under the Old Testament law, and are able to complete it through faith in Jesus Christ.

Piper teaches that God has only one chosen people, mostly Jews in the Old Testament. but he believes now that relationship has been won by the Christian church. So, the Church is rightful inheritor of all the promises made to Israel, and Jews who do not take Jesus as Messiah have no right to this blessing.