Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Joel Vincent Anthony (born August 9, 1982) is a Canadian professional basketball player. He is a former center of the Detroit Pistons and Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He also plays for the Canadian national basketball team.

College
Anthony attended Pensacola State College in Pensacola, Florida and transferred to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas after two years. He played college basketball with the Runnin' Rebels from 2004 until 2007.
NBA career
He went undrafted. He signed a one-year contract with the Miami Heat on July 3, 2007. Anthony re-signed with the Heat on July 20, 2009. On July 16, 2010, Anthony signed a five-year, $18 million contract to stay with Miami. Anthony made his first Finals appearance in 2011 where the Heat lost to the Dallas Mavericks 4 games to 2. The following season, Anthony won his first NBA championship with the Heat after the defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder 4 games to 1 in the 2012 NBA Finals. He won his second championship with the Heat the next when they defeated the San Antonio Spurs 4 games to 3 in the 2013 NBA Finals.
On January 15, 2014, a three-team trade happened involving the Heat, Boston Celtics, and Golden State Warriors. The Heat traded Anthony and a future draft pick, and a 2016 second-round draft pick to the Celtics. The Heat received Toney Douglas from the Warriors and the Warriors received Jordan Crawford and MarShon Brooks from the Celtics. Anthony played a total of 21 regular season games with the Celtics.

On October 17, 2014, the Celtics traded Anthony to the Detroit Pistons in exchange for Will Bynum.

References

Other websites

1982 births
Boston Celtics players
Canadian basketball players
Detroit Pistons players
Living people
Miami Heat players
Sportspeople from Montreal
People from Westmount, Quebec
Dalian () is an important port city in the Liaoning province of China. It is located on the Liaodong Peninsula. It is the northernmost warm water port in China as well as the southernmost city in Northeast China. The name of the city translates into "Great Link", due to its strategic location on the coast of the East China Sea since it is used for trade with countries like Russia, the North and South Korea, and Japan. Because the port can be used all year, the Russian Empire took control of it in 1898 and built the Trans-Siberian railway to Dailan. The Empire of Japan later took it away from Russia.

Cities in China
The Magdalena River is the most important river in the western part of Colombia. It has a length of . Its course is from south to north. About 80 percent of the population of Colombia live on the banks of the river or one of its tributaries. Barranquilla, Colombia's biggest city, lies on the banks of the river.

Watercraft can travel on the river up to the city of Honda, about  upstream. At Honda, there are rapids. After these rapids, watercraft can travel for another .

References

Rivers of Colombia
Trey Anthony Lyles (born November 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional basketball player. He is a power forward/small forward for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also played for the Utah Jazz, Denver Nuggets, San Antonio Spurs, and the Detroit Pistons.

College
Lyles played college basketball with the University of Kentucky Wildcats from 2014 until 2015. Lyles had originally committed to play for Indiana but he decommitted in August 2012. He did not play in Kentucky's six-game exhibition series in Nassau, Bahamas because of a leg injury.

NBA career
Lyles was drafted by the Utah Jazz in the first round with the 12th overall pick in the 2015 NBA Draft. The Jazz signed him to rookie scale contract on July 7, 2015. On January 14, 2016, Lyles was able to score a season-high 19 points in a 103-101 loss to the Sacramento Kings.

References

Other websites
Other websites
 

1995 births
Canadian basketball players
Denver Nuggets players
Detroit Pistons players
Living people
Sacramento Kings players
San Antonio Spurs players
Sportspeople from Saskatoon
Utah Jazz players
Sturla Gunnarsson (born August 30, 1951) is a Canadian movie director and producer.

Gunnarsson was born in Reykjavík, Iceland in 1951. He moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, with his parents when he was seven years old. His movie After the Axe, received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature.  He has since won a number of awards including Emmy Award, Genie Award and Gemini Awards.

Awards
 International Emmy Award in 1997, for Gerrie & Louise
 Genie Award in 1986, for Final Offer
 Gemini Awards
 Oscar nomination
 Prix Italia
 Prix Villes de Cannes
 Cadillac People’s Choice Documentary Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2010, for Force of Nature: The David Suzuki Movie
 Canada's Top Ten Film Festival People's Choice Award, awarded in January 2015 for Monsoon

References

Other websites 

Watch films by Sturla Gunnarsson at the National Film Board of Canada
1951 births
Living people
Canadian movie directors
Canadian television directors
Canadian television producers
Sturla Gunnarsson
People from Vancouver
Emmy Award winners
Toxic exposure means that a toxin (poison) touched or got into a person's body.  That person has been exposed to the toxin.

After a person is exposed to a toxin, many different things about that person, the toxin, and the exposure affect toxicity.  Toxicity is how the person reacts to the toxin, including what symptoms they may have.

A person can get exposed to a toxin accidentally or on purpose.  People can also use toxins as weapons to try to kill other people (for example, during chemical or biological warfare).
Anything can be a toxin
Anything can be a toxin if enough of it gets into a person's body.  For example, even water can be toxic.  If a person drinks enough water (usually more than 6 gallons in one day), they can get water toxicity (also called "water poisoning" or "water intoxication").  This causes the body's cells to swell up with extra water.  Swelling in the brain's cells can cause brain damage or death.  Water, in normal amounts, helps keep us alive; but if a person is exposed to enough of it, it becomes a toxin, and it can kill the person.

Types of exposure
There are two major types of exposure: acute and chronic.

An acute exposure happens only one time.  Chronic exposure happens many times, over a long period of time.

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines these types of exposure this way:p. 105
 An acute exposure lasts 24 hours or less
 A chronic exposure lasts for more than three months
Routes of exposure
Toxins can get into the body in four different ways.  These are called "routes of exposure."  The route of exposure is one of the many things that affects toxicity.

Inhalation

Toxins can get into the body through inhalation (the person breathes in the toxin).  If a toxin is a gas, inhalation is usually the way it gets into the body.p. 1

When a toxin is inhaled, it may injure the airways and the lungs.  Also, some toxins can go from the lungs into the bloodstream.  The bloodstream then delivers blood - with the toxin in it - to all of the organs in the body.  The toxin can then damage those organs.p. 1

Inhalation is one of the easiest and fastest ways for toxins to get into the body.  The lining of the respiratory tract absorbs toxins into the bloodstream very quickly.p. 99
Examples of inhaled toxins
An example of a commonly inhaled toxin is cigarette smoke.  There are over 100 toxins in cigarette smoke, including formaldehyde, arsenic, and hydrogen cyanide.  Smoking is also an example of chronic toxic exposure.  The exposure is chronic because the smoker is breathing in toxins many times, over a long period of time.

Another inhaled toxin that causes acute exposure is smoke from house fires.  There are many toxins in this kind of smoke, including carbon monoxide and cyanide.  Firefighters or people who were trapped in fires can get cyanide poisoning or carbon monoxide poisoning from breathing in these toxins.  This is an example of an acute exposure, because the smoke was not breathed in for more than 24 hours.

Absorption
If a toxin gets in a person's eyes or on their skin, it can get taken up into the bloodstream.  This is called absorption.  Absorption through the skin is the most common route of toxic exposure.p. 97
The skin is able to keep some toxins from getting into the body.  However, if a person has a cut or wound on their skin, any toxin will be able to get into the body through that wound.  Also, the toxin will be taken up into the bloodstream more quickly, because it does not have to get absorbed through the skin.p. 98

Examples of absorbed toxins

Exposure by absorption often happens in workplaces where people work with toxins.  For example, if a person who works at a gas station spills gasoline on himself, the body will quickly absorb the gasoline into the bloodstream.p. 98  Some chemical weapons like sarin, a nerve gas, can also be absorbed through the skin and the eyes, along with being inhaled.

Ingestion

Ingestion means that a person swallowed the toxin.  Some chemicals cannot get into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract.  However, others are absorbed through the lining of the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.p. 100
Examples of ingested toxins
Ingestion of toxins is very common in developing countries, where many people do not have safe drinking water.  There are many different toxins that can be carried in water.  They can be chemicals, like lead.  They can also be biological toxins, like the bacteria that causes cholera, and the viruses that cause Hepatitis A and polio.  People ingest these toxins by drinking the contaminated water, or eating food made with the water.  The World Health Organization says that about 502,000 people die every year because of toxins in water and the diseases they cause.

Food poisoning is also caused by ingestion of toxins, like E. coli bacteria, which can live in foods like meat and poultry.

Injection
An injected toxin gets into the body when something carrying the toxin breaks the skin.  Injections can go into a vein, a muscle, or just under the skin.  Toxins that are injected into a vein have the fastest effects, because the toxin is being put right into the bloodstream.p. 2
Examples of injected toxins

Some snakes, scorpions, and spiders carry venom.  If they bite or sting a person, they are injecting that toxin into the person's body.

An example of a toxin which is often injected on purpose is Botulinum.  This is a very deadly toxin that causes botulism, but it is also sold under the name "Botox."  Many people choose to get Botulinum toxin injected into their faces to get rid of wrinkles.  The toxin paralyzes some of the muscles in the face, usually for three to 12 months, and makes the face look smoother.

More than one route
Some toxins can get into the body through more than one route of exposure.  For example, if water is polluted, a person can get exposed to the toxins in the water by drinking it (ingestion) and by showering or swimming in it (absorption).

Things that affect toxicity
Once a person has been exposed to a toxin, there are many things that affect toxicity.  This article talks about only a few.
The exposure
Many things about a person's exposure affect toxicity.  Three of the most important things are:
 Concentration: How much of the toxin was the person exposed to?
 Duration: How long was the person exposed to the toxin?
 Frequency: How many times was the person exposed?

The route of exposure also affects toxicity.  For example, if it is injected, snake venom can be life-threatening.  However, if it is ingested, snake venom is usually not harmful.  The effects of this toxin are very different depending on the route of exposure.

The exposed person
Toxins sometimes affect different people in different ways.  This is partly caused by differences in people's bodies.  A person's age, gender, genes, hormones, nutrition, and the strength of their immune system all affect toxicity.  For example, infants, young children, and the elderly are more likely to get sick from lower concentrations of toxins, which might not make a healthy adult sick.
People with health problems
Some health problems can affect toxicity.  For example, inhaling toxins is especially dangerous for people who already have lung diseases, like emphysema.  If the lungs are already damaged, breathing in toxins is likely to cause even more damage, and puts the person at risk for respiratory failure.p. 99

Also, once a toxin gets into the bloodstream, the body immediately starts trying to get rid of it through excretion.  The main organs involved with excretion are the kidneys, liver, and lungs.  If a person has damage to any of these organs (like kidney failure or cirrhosis of the liver), they will be unable to get rid of the toxin as fast as a healthy person will.  The chemical will stay in their body longer, and have more toxic effects.p. 103

The type of toxin
Many things about the type of toxin a person was exposed to affect toxicity.  Two examples are solubility and pH.
Solubility
A toxin's solubility is its ability to mix into a liquid.  If a toxin is not water-soluble (it cannot dissolve in water), it cannot absorb into the bloodstream.  (Plasma, the liquid part of blood, is made mostly of water.)  If a person ingests a toxin that cannot dissolve into the watery plasma, the toxin will not absorb into the bloodstream through the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.  It will pass out of the body through the gastrointestinal tract.pp. 102–103

However, many toxins are water-soluble and will get absorbed into the bloodstream.  For example, the Vibrio cholerae bacteria is water-soluble.  If a person ingests water or food that has this toxin in it, they can get cholera.
Other toxins are "lipid-soluble" (they dissolve in fats).  Instead of getting absorbed into the bloodstream, these toxins get stored in the body's fat.  When the person's body burns fat to make energy, these toxins are let out and can poison the person.  Examples of fat-soluble toxins include lead, DDT, and mercury.

pH
The toxin's pH is also important.  For example, if a toxin is a strong acid or a strong base, it can cause severe chemical burns to the eyes and skin.p. 100  Toxins that have a more neutral pH can still hurt the body by being absorbed into the bloodstream, but they will not burn the eyes and skin.  For example, if a person swims or bathes in water contaminated with cholera toxin, the toxin can still get absorbed through his eyes or skin.  However, the water will not burn the eyes or skin.

Related pages
 Toxin
 Absorption
 Excretion
 Solubility
 pH

References

Toxicology
A combatant is a person who fights in an armed conflict. Combatants in an interstate armed conflict are protected by parts of the Geneva Conventions as long as they obey the rules of war. Those who fights with non-state armed groups in a non-interstate armed conflicts are not immune from prosecution for waging war against State forces.

References

Military terminology
A stromule is a microscopic structure found in plant cells. Stromules (stroma-filled tubules) are highly dynamic structures extending from the surface of all plastids, including chloroplasts.   

Protrusions from and interconnections between plastids were seen in 1888  and 1908, and have been described from time to time in the literature since then.  

Stromules were recently rediscovered in 1997. They exist in a number of angiosperm species including Arabidopsis thaliana, wheat, rice and tomato, but their role is not yet fully understood.

References 

Organelles
Plant physiology
Coffin ships transported Irish immigrants to America and other colonies during the Great Irish Famine (1845-1852). They were the cheapest way to cross the Atlantic but it was a miserable and dangerous journey. The conditions on board were horrible because the ships were so crowded. Also, there was little food and water. There were often diseases on board. 

One third (30%) of the passengers died before the arrival in Canada or the USA. Legend says sharks liked to follow coffin ships because the crew threw the dead bodies overboard.

References 

History of Ireland
History of Canada
19th century in the United States
Ships
Marcos Antonio Milinković (born December 22, 1971 in Villa Ballester, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine volleyball player. Milinković is 203 cm and weighs 100 kg. He competed in the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics.

Other websites
 FIVB 2007 Profile
 Milinkovic Profile at ESPN
 Italian League Profile
 Interview in volley country

1971 births
Living people
1996 Summer Olympics
2000 Summer Olympics
2004 Summer Olympics
Argentine Olympians
Argentine volleyball players
Lauren Felice Collins (born August 29, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She acts in both movies and television. She started acting in 1998. Between 2001 and 2008, she played Paige Michalchuk on Degrassi: The Next Generation. She played a Host in 1 Girl 5 Gays. In 2002, she won a Young Artist Award for her performance in Degrassi: The Next Generation.

Collins was born in the Thornhill area of the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario.

References

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Ontario
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Roger Willemsen (15 August 1955 – 7 February 2016) was a German author, essayist and television presenter. He was born in Bonn, North-Rhine Westphalia. He began his career in 1991. In 1994, he starred in his own show Willemsens Woche. He interviewed many famous people such as Madonna, Jesse Jackson, Audrey Hepburn and Yasser Arafat. He retired in 2006.

Willemsen died of pancreatic cancer on 7 February 2016 in Wentorf bei Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. He was aged 60.

References

1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
German television presenters
People from Bonn
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia
William O. Birchfield (December 19, 1935 – February 5, 2016) was an American politician, lawyer, and civic leader in the state of Florida. He called himself as the "Duke of Mayo". He was born in Mayo, Florida. He served in the Florida House of Representatives for the 21st district from 1971 until his resignation in 1974.

Birchfield died in Jacksonville, Florida on February 5, 2016. He died from a heart attack. He was aged 80.

References

1935 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Lawyers from Florida
Politicians from Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Muqtida Hasan Nida Fazli, known as Nida Fazli (‎; 12 October 1938 – 8 February 2016), was an Indian Hindi and Urdu poet. He was born in Gwalior, British Raj. He wrote essays critical of poets of the 1960s in his book Mulaqatein. This book made many poets angry, including Sahir Ludhianvi, Ali Sardar Jafri and Kaifi Azmi. As a result, he was boycotted in some poetic sessions. He recently wrote columns for the BBC Hindi website on various contemporary issues and literature.

Fazli died of a heart attack in Mumbai on 8 February 2016. He was aged 77.

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
Indian poets
Urdu poets
Sushil Koirala (; 12 August 1939 – 9 February 2016) was a Nepalese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 11 February 2014 to 10 October 2015. He was also President of the Nepali Congress party beginning in 2010.

Koirala was elected as Prime Minister of Nepal by the parliament on 10 February 2014.  Koirala joined the Nepali Congress in 1952 and served in various roles before becoming its president in 2010.

Koirala was diagnosed with oral cancer in 2006 and lung cancer in July 2014. He died on 9 February 2016 of pneumonia in Kathmandu. He was aged 76.

References

1939 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Nepali Congress politicians
Prime Ministers of Nepal
People from Biratnagar
Nepalese Hindus
Roy Lee Rogers, Jr. (born August 19, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played a total of 137 games in the NBA from 1996 until 2000. He played for the Vancouver Grizzlies, Boston Celtics, Toronto Raptors, and the Denver Nuggets. After retiring, Rogers became an assistant coach. He currently serves as an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards of the NBA.

College
Rogers played college basketball for the University of Alabama. He played college basketball with the Crimson Tide from 1992 until 1996.

NBA career
Rogers was drafted by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the first round with the 22nd overall pick in the 1996 NBA Draft. He played a total of 82 games and started 50 games with the Grizzlies. He scored a total of 543 points during his time in Vancouver. On October 28, 1997, the Grizzlies traded Rogers to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Tony Massenburg and a 2nd-round pick in the 1999 NBA draft.
He only played nine games with the Celtics. He scored seven points with them. On February 18, 1998, the Celtics traded Roger along with Chauncey Billups, Dee Brown and John Thomas to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Kenny Anderson, Popeye Jones and Žan Tabak.

With the Raptors, Rogers played in six games and scored a total of 13 points. On June 9, 1998, the Raptors traded Rogers along with a two 1st-round picks in the 1998 NBA draft to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Kevin Willis.

Rogers did not play for the Rockets and played most of the 1998 season in Italy. On January 22, 1999, the Rockets traded Rogers along with a 2nd-round pick in the 2000 NBA draft to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for Scottie Pippen. Rogers never played a game for the Bulls and they waived him on February 1, 1999.

On October 1, 1999, he signed a contract with the Denver Nuggets. He played 40 games with them. He retired from playing professional basketball in 2004.
After retiring, Rogers joined the Brooklyn Nets as an assistant coach in 2013. He left the next year and joined the Washington Wizards as their assistant coach.

References

Other websites
Player file @ NBA.com
College & NBA stats  @ basketballreference.com

1973 births
African-American basketball players
Boston Celtics players
Denver Nuggets players
Living people
Sportspeople from Alabama
Toronto Raptors players
Vancouver Grizzlies players
American basketball players
Suba is a language spoken by the Suba people of east Africa. It is almost extinct. It is a Bantu language believed to have developed from the interactions between the Luo and the Bantu speakers of Lusoga. These Lusoga migrated from the Baganda kingdom because of a conflict between tribes.

References

Bantu languages
Languages of Africa
Robin Chandler Duke (born Grace Esther Tippett; October 13, 1923 – February 6, 2016) was an American socialite, journalist, women's rights advocate and diplomat. She served as the United States Ambassador to Norway from September 12, 2000 until March 1, 2001.

Duke was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She was married to actor Jeffrey Lynn and later diplomat Angier Biddle Duke until his death in 1995. She had three children.

Duke died on February 6, 2016 in Charleston, South Carolina. She was aged 92.

References

1923 births
2016 deaths
American activists
American diplomats
American journalists
American socialites
Disease-related deaths in South Carolina
Writers from Baltimore
Ambassadors of the United States to Norway
Politicians from Baltimore
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Problem solving is a mental activity related to intelligence and thinking. It consists of finding solutions to problems. A problem is a situation that needs to be changed. It suggests that the solution is not totally obvious, for then it would not be a problem. A great deal of human life is spent solving problems. Social life is based on the notion that together we might solve problems which we could not as individuals. 

The word "problem" comes from a Greek word meaning an "obstacle" (something that is in your way). If someone has a problem, they have to find a way of solving the problem. The way to solve it is called a solution. Some problem-solving techniques have been developed and used in artificial intelligence, computer science, engineering, and mathematics. Some are related to mental problem-solving techniques studied in gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology. and chess.
Problems can be classified as ill-defined or well-defined.  Ill-defined problems are those that do not have clear goals, solution paths, or expected solution. An example is how to face threats which might perhaps be made in the future. Well-defined problems have specific goals, clearly defined solution paths, and clear expected solutions. These problems also allow for more initial planning than ill-defined problems. 

Being able to solve problems involves the ability to understand what the goal of the problem is and what rules could be applied to solving the problem. Sometimes the problem requires abstract thinking and coming up with a creative solution.

References
Internet safety is the topic of teaching people how to be safe when using the internet. It is particularly important when using social media, through which personal information is shared.

Internet safety is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools and focuses on making sure children know that:
 you should not share your personal information on the internet,
 you should think before you write comments about people - how it could affect them,
 you should always tell an adult if there is something that upsets you,
 you should not meet someone you have talked to on the internet without an adult.

Choose a strong password with different characters and numbers.
There are more another ways to secure your devices when surfing through Internet ,You can use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) they are usually more secure then simple , also they help to unlock many websites which are blocked by your service provider , It is usually recommended to use a Paid service rather than using free service. And an Anti-virus must  have to be in your device if you want a secure surfing.

Related pages 
Computer security

Internet
Safety

.Internet safety
Onan (, Modern Onan, Tiberian ʼÔnān ; "Strong") is a person in the Bible. He is in the Book of Genesis, chapter 38. He was the second son of Judah. Like his older brother, Er, Onan was killed by Yahweh. Onan's death was because he was "evil in the sight of the Lord" for being unwilling to father a child by his widowed sister-in-law.

Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
The Bad Aibling rail accident was an accident that happened on the railway line in Bad Aibling in Bavaria, Germany, on 9 February 2016. Twelve people were killed and many more injured when two trains collided head-on, along a single-track line.

The line 
The accident happened on the line between Holzkirchen and Rosenheim, in Bavaria, southeastern Germany. The whole line only has a single track. Trains usually cross at stations. The line is equipped with a security system that functioned normally at the time of the accident. In addition, it has been equipped with GSM-R, in 2007. In some places on the line, autonomous block signals are used to secure the track.  The line is controlled by different human controllers. The control station responsible for the section where the accident happened is in Bad Aibling. The whole infrastructure had been checked a week before the accident, and was found to be without fault.

Crash
Crash 

One of the trains left Kolbermoor on schedule, and headed towards Holzkirchen, and entered the single track section. The other train was four minutes late. The accident happened because of human error. The person responsible gave the orders to pass by a signal, because he said the signal in question was broken. That meant that both trains were travelling on the same track, and headed towards each other. This was not apparent to the train drivers, because there is a long bend in the track, at that position. The person in charge in Bad Aibling recognised that he had made an error, and issued orders for emergency braking using GSM-R. The first of these was given 36 seconds before the collision. Because he did not use the correct keys, these orders did not reach the train drivers, but other personnel responsible for securing the line. The accident happened at nearly 6:47 local time. Emergency braking was effective only one second before the collision. The trains were running at 52 and 87 km per hour.
Both train drivers were killed in the accident. In total, twelve people were killed, and 87 others injured.

800 people were involved  in the rescue. The rescue was very difficult, because the section of track were the accident happened is badly accessible by road. There is a steep hill, on one side, and a canal, with no road access on the other side.

The site of the accident is only 800m from the site where another similar accident had happened in 1945.

Other websites 

2016 disasters
2016 in Germany
Disasters in Germany
February 2016 events
History of Bavaria
Railway accidents in Europe
The Bren is a light machine gun (LMG) that was used by the British military during World War II. The gun was based on a Czechoslovak gun, the ZB z/26. The name is a shortening of "Brno-Enfield". Brno was the city where the earlier z/26 was made, and Enfield was the company that made the Bren.

It was a simple but well-made LMG. It was well-known for using a curved, top-loading magazine, a carrying handle, and being light enough for one man to carry and use. It was so popular that even the Japanese made their own LMG based on the Bren, the Type-99 light machine gun.

It was so popular among British soldiers that it was used by the British Armed Forces from 1938 to the 1990s.

Light machine guns
Big Kap (1970–2016) was a DJ. He was born in New York City. He is well known for his album The Tunnel with DJ Funkmaster Flex, which was released in 1999. He died due to a heart attack on February 3, 2016 in New York. He was aged 45 at the time of his death.

References

Other websites

2016 deaths
1970 births
American DJs
Musicians from New York (state)
Black Mountain is a mountain in Kentucky. It is the highest mountain peak in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, USA. The height of the summit is . It is near the Virginia border. Black bears and lions live on the mountain.

References 

Mountains of the United States
Geography of Kentucky
Appalachian Mountains
The Spring Awakening Music Festival is an elecronic music festival that has been held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois since 2012. Its music is, mostly, within the genres of  Progressive house, Electro house, Techno, and Dubstep. The Main Stage of the Festival is located on the heart of the sports field itself. Two smaller stages are around the outside of the stadium. This setup makes for very loud sound that is heard all around the festival. The festival usually takes place in June. In 2015, the festival had an age limit  (18+) for theifirst time.
History
Chicago is city that is well-known for its culture of House Music. Spring Awakening Music Festival was started in 2012 by the Chicago promotion company React Presents. With main artists like Skrillex and Afrojack the first year of the Festival received a very large crowd and has been held every year since. Spring Awakening Music Festival has included DJ sets from famous DJs such as Calvin Harris, Tiesto, Datsik, Excision, Diplo, Dillon Francis, and Hardwell as well as up-and-coming producers such as Bro Safari, Adventure Club, Figure, Zeds Dead, and Borgore. Over the years, the Festival has grown more and more popular because of the large fan base of Electronic Dance Music in the Chicago-land area. With people now coming from around the world to attend the Festival, there has been talk that the planners of the Festival might also hold other events outside Chicago.

References

Other websites

Spring Awakening Festival
Chicago
Music festivals in the United States
Illinois
2012 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in Illinois
John Caldwell Holt was an American educator and author. He supported homeschooling and unschooling.

Homeschooling to deschooling 
Holt became disappointed with the United States school system after several years of working in it. He became convinced that improving the school system was not possible, and began to support homeschooling. Holt believed that children did not need to be pressured into learning. They would learn naturally if they had a variety of resources, and could follow their own interests.

Holt's Growing Without Schooling, founded in 1977, was the nation's first home education newsletter.

Holt, in his 1964 best-seller How Children Fail (2nd ed 1982), said schooling does more harm than good to a child's desire to truly learn. The book was followed by How Children Learn, which explained his positive ideas (1967, 2nd ed 1983.

Holt's sole book on homeschooling, Teach Your Own, was published in 1981. It was revised by his colleague Patrick Farenga and republished in 2003.
In his 1974 book, Escape from Childhood: the needs and rights of children, Holt said that children should have the same independence as adults. These included the right to work for money, sign contracts and be allowed to vote in elections.

Bibliography
 How Children Fail (1964). 
 How Children Learn (1967). 
 The Underachieving School (1969)
 What Do I Do Monday? (1970)
 Freedom and Beyond (1972)
 Escape from Childhood (1974)
 Instead of Education (1976)
 Never too late: my musical life story (1979)
 Teach Your Own (1981)
 Learning all the Time (1989)
 A Life Worth Living (1990)

More reading 
 Holt, J. (1967). How Children Learn. New York: Pitman.

References

1923 births
1985 deaths
Educators from New York City
Sara al-Drees () or Sara Abd al-Wehab al-Drees () is a Kuwaiti teacher.  She is Kuwait's first political detainee.

Work 

Sara al-Drees got a BA in Sociology and Administration from Kuwait University. She is a writer for Al-Ra'i newspaper in Kuwait.  She is in the Kuwaiti Journalists' Association.  She was the leader of the literary cultural club of Kuwait University from 2010 to 2011.  She wrote three books.  In 2011 she was chosen for a special "nadwa", or workshop for young writers.

Political life 

The Kuwaiti government arrested her because she made political comments on Twitter. Al-Drees also worked with the Civil Democratic Movement, a group of political parties against the Muslim Brotherhood. 

In 2013, al-Drees got a prison sentence of 20 months for her political comments on Twitter. In November 2015 she got another arrest warrant for criticizing one of the wives of the Prophet Mohammed on Twitter. She was in London, but she said she would go back to Kuwait.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

Kuwaiti people
Teachers
Living people
1987 births
Custer County is the name of six counties in the United States:

 Custer County, Colorado 
 Custer County, Idaho 
 Custer County, Montana 
 Custer County, Nebraska 
 Custer County, Oklahoma 
 Custer County, South Dakota
William Theodore Katt (born February 16, 1951) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for playing Ralph Hinkley in The Greatest American Hero. 

Katt was born to Bill Williams and Barbara Hale in Los Angeles.

Other websites

 

1951 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
The Greatest American Hero is an American comedy-drama television series. It was shown for three seasons from 1981 to 1983 on ABC. It was created by producer Stephen J. Cannell. It premiered as a two-hour television pilot on March 18, 1981. The series features William Katt as teacher Ralph Hinkley. It also starred Robert Culp as FBI agent Bill Maxwell, and Connie Sellecca as lawyer Pam Davidson.

The series chronicles Ralph's adventures after a group of aliens gives him a red suit that gives him superhuman abilities. Unfortunately for Ralph he loses the instruction booklet, and thus has to learn how to use its powers by trial and error.

References 

American comedy-drama television series
1981 television series debuts
English-language television programs
Jason Green (better known as Planet Asia; born October 24, 1976) is an American rapper. He is known for being part of the hip hop duo Cali Agents. He is also well known for producing many mixtapes. He was with Interscope Records. However, he was not promoted like more popular Interscope rappers 50 Cent and Eminem.

He was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2002 for the song "W" by Mystic.

He was born Jason Green in Fresno, California.

References

Rappers from California
African-American rappers
1976 births
Living people
Musicians from Fresno, California
The following is a list of massacres of Azerbaijanis that have occurred throughout history.

Related pages
Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment

References

Anti-Azerbaijanism
Discrimination

History of Azerbaijan
A codex (plural codices) is a book-like object with writing on it. On a codex there are separate pages, whereas a scroll is one continuous long document. The term is used for book-type objects written by hand, and includes books written on vellum or parchment.

The codex transformed the shape of the book itself. As an objects, books can last for centuries, and many codices are in the great modern libraries. The codex was first described by the 1st-century AD Roman poet Martial, who praised it. The codex was as common as scrolls by about AD 300. It had completely replaced scrolls in the Greco-Roman world by the 6th century.

Related pages 
Codex Huamantla
Codex Buranus

References 

Writing media
Book terminology
Chester-le-Street  is an ancient town in the northeast of England.  It is in County Durham. Where it stands was a Roman fort called Concangis. This is the 'Chester' (from the Latin castra) of the town's name. 'Street' refers to the paved Roman road that ran north-south through the town. It is now called Front Street (shown at right).

Chester-le-Street is  south of Newcastle upon Tyne and  west of Sunderland. It is on the River Wear.

Church
The parish church of St Mary and St Cuthbert is where the body of St Cuthbert lay for 112 years. Then it was taken to Durham Cathedral. The church is the site of the first translation of the Gospels into English. There Aldred wrote the Old English gloss between the lines of the Lindisfarne Gospels.
Markets
This place is a market town. Markets are held on Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. Until 2009 the town had its own local government district. The status of the town has been changed several times by local government regulations. The changes were controversial at the time.

References 

Towns in County Durham
The Cumberland Mountains are a mountain range in the southeastern part of the Appalachian Mountains. They run from  northern Tennessee to West Virginia. They include parts of western Virginia and eastern Kentucky. Their highest peak, with an elevation of  above sea level, is High Knob near Norton, Virginia. According to the United States Geological Survey, the Cumberland Mountain range is  long and  wide. It is bounded by the Russell Fork on the northeast, the Pound River and Powell River on the southeast, Cove Creek on the southwest, and Tackett Creek, the Cumberland River, Poor Fork Cumberland River, and Elkhorn Creek on the northwest. It forms the part of the boundary between Kentucky and Virginia. The Cumberland Mountains were named for England's Duke of Cumberland. There are many limestone caves on the Virginia side.

References 

Mountain ranges of the United States
Appalachian Mountains
The Cumberland Gap is a narrow pass through the Cumberland Mountains. It is a part of the Appalachian Mountains. It is near the junction of the U.S. states of Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee. First used by Native Americans, it was famous during American colonial history as an important path through the lower Appalachians. In 1775 the trail was started by Daniel Boone. Over the next 35 years, over 300,000 Settlers used it to get to the western borders of Kentucky and Tennessee. It was an important part of the Wilderness Road. It is now part of the Cumberland Gap National Historical Park.

References

Other websites

Landforms of the United States
Mountain passes
Appalachian Mountains
Matricide is the act of killing one's mother. In the case of teenage daughters, it is often for one of two reasons. Either the daughter "snapped" (suddenly lost her temper) after suffering abuse or became an abuser herself. Few studies have been done to discover why children commit parricide, matricide or patricide.

Known or suspected matricides
Amastris, queen of Heraclea, was drowned by her two sons in 284 BC.
 Cleopatra III of Egypt was assassinated in 101 BC by order of her son, Ptolemy X, for her conspiracy.
 Ptolemy XI of Egypt had his wife, Berenice III, murdered shortly after their wedding in 80 BC. She was also his stepmother, or perhaps his mother.
 In AD 59, the Roman Emperor Nero is said to have ordered the murder of his mother Agrippina the Younger, supposedly because she was conspiring against him.
 Mary Ann Lamb, the mentally ill sister of essayist Charles Lamb, killed their invalid mother during an episode of mania in 1796.
 Sidney Harry Fox, a British man, hanged in 1930 for killing his mother to gain from her insurance.
 Battle of Okinawa, 1945: There are accounts in which Okinawan civilians killed their mothers to prevent them from being captured, raped, tortured, and/or killed by the invading American forces.
 The Parker–Hulme murder case of 1954. This case was chronicled in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures.
Jack Gilbert Graham killed his mother along with 44 people by planting a dynamite bomb in his mother's suitcase, that was subsequently loaded aboard United Airlines Flight 629 in 1955.
 Charles Whitman killed his mother and wife before going on his killing spree at the University of Texas at Austin that killed 14 people and wounded 31 others, as part of a shooting rampage from the observation deck of the University's 32-story administrative building on August 1, 1966. He was eventually shot and killed by Austin police.
 John Emil List murdered his mother, wife and his three children on November 9, 1971, making List also guilty of filicide and uxoricide. He was a fugitive for 18 years. He was apprehended on June 1, 1989 after an episode of "America's Most Wanted" aired. On May 1, 1990 he was sentenced to 5 life terms in prison.
Antony Baekeland murdered his mother, Barbara Daly Baekeland on November 11, 1972, at their luxurious London apartment. She had allegedly forced him to have sex with her, in order to "cure" his homosexuality. Savage Grace is a book and a movie based on this event.
 Serial killer Edmund Kemper beat his mother to death in 1973, along with one of his mother's friends before turning himself in to the police. He had previously committed half-a-dozen sex-murders. Kemper had been psychologically abused by his domineering mother in his youth.
 Ronald DeFeo, Jr. killed his parents and his four siblings in what would later become known as "The Amityville Horror House" (1974)
 Bradford Bishop bludgeoned his mother, spouse and three children to death in 1976. He was indicted for murders and remains at large.
Jim Gordon, a session musician who played drums with Eric Clapton band Derek and the Dominoes bludgeoned his mother with a hammer and then stabbed her to death with a butcher's knife in 1983. In May 1984 he was sentenced to sixteen years to life in prison.
 Susan Cabot, 1950s actress, was beaten to death in 1986 at her Hollywood home by her son Timothy Roman. He was convicted of involuntary manslaughter.
 Lyle and Erik Menendez were convicted during a highly publicized trial in July 1996 for the shotgun killings of their parents in 1989.
 Brett Reider, a 15-year-old boy in Omaha, Nebraska, stabbed his mother to death during a dispute in 1993. He was convicted of second degree murder and sentenced as an adult to 11–20 years. In 1996, his older sister, Alissa Reider made an HBO documentary: "Brett Killed Mom: a sister's diary", claiming both of them suffered years of constant verbal and physical abuse from their mother. Brett was released in 1999.
Aaron Brown, Indiana resident who at the age of 16 sat in wait with a shotgun until his parents came home one night, and as his mom walked through the door, he blasted her with the shotgun. He shot at his stepfather and missed, but eventually gunned him down. These crimes were committed in 1994. He is currently serving two life sentences at The Indiana State Prison in Michigan City, Indiana.
 Luke Woodham, Mississippi resident who killed his mother in June 1997 before killing two more and wounding seven others in the Pearl High School shooting. Currently serving a life sentence at the Mississippi State Penitentiary.
 Kip Kinkel (1982– ), an Oregon boy who was convicted of killing both parents as well as killing two students at his school on May 20, 1998.
 Dr. I. Kathleen Hagen, a prominent urologist, killed her mother and her father in August 2000 and was acquitted on the grounds of insanity.
Yukio Yamaji, a 16-year-old living in Japan, killed his mother in 2000. After his release, he raped and murdered a woman and her sister in 2005. He was executed by hanging in 2009.
 Dipendra of Nepal (1971–2001) reportedly massacred much of his family at a royal dinner on June 1, 2001, including his mother Queen Aiswarya, father, brother, and sister.
 Nathan Ybanez, a 16-year-old Colorado boy, murdered his mother Julie Ybanez in June of 1998.
 Erika di Nardo killed her mother and brother in 2001. See Novi Ligure Murder
Sef Gonzales, an Australian man who killed his father, mother and sister in 2001.
 Linda Andersen (January 18, 2003) murdered by her two daughters.
 Sarah Marie Johnson (1987– ), an Idaho girl who was convicted of killing both parents on the morning of September 2, 2003.
Noura Jackson was wrongfully convicted of killing her mother who was found dead with more than 50 stab wounds on June 5, 2005. The Tennessee Supreme Court overturned this verdict on the basis of prosecutorial misconduct. Prosecutor Amy Weirich withheld evidence that would have freed her.
 Jasmiyah Kaneesha Whitehead (b. November 27, 1993) and Tasmiyah Janeesha Whitehead (b. November 27, 1993) are identical twins who were convicted in 2014 for the murder of Nikki Whitehead (their mother). 
 Joseph Nerone confessed to killing his mother by stabbing her multiple times on April 2, 2012.
 Adam Lanza in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting shot and killed his mother along with 20 children, 6 other adults and then himself on December 14, 2012.
 Kvissel murder, October 2014: Danish 15-year-old Lisa Borch and her 29-year-old Iraqi boyfriend Bakhtiar Mohammed Abdullah were convicted of murdering her mother in her sleep
References 

Murders
Vertical transmission (also called mother-to-child transmission, or MTCT) means that an infection is spread from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy or childbirth.  Vertically transmitted infections are usually caused by bacteria or viruses.

If the baby still has the infection after he or she is born, the infection may be called a congenital infection.

Examples
Here are some examples of infections that can be vertically transmitted.
Sexually transmitted infections
Many (but not all) sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be vertically transmitted.  STIs that can be spread from mother to fetus include:
 HIV (the virus that causes AIDS)
 Syphilis
 Syphilis can cause miscarriage, stillbirths, infant death, and problems with many different organs in infants who do survive
 Chlamydia
 If it is not treated, chlamydia can cause premature birth, low birth weight, and infections in the baby's lungs and eyes
 Herpes simplex virus
 This virus is easily spread if the mother is first infected late in her pregnancy, or has herpes blisters on her genitals during childbirth
 Gonorrhea
 If untreated, gonorrhea can cause miscarriage, premature birth, infections in the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb, and serious eye infections once the baby is born
 Human papillomavirus (HPV)
 HPV is most likely to spread during childbirth if the mother has genital warts during childbirth