Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A tropic may be meaning:

In geography:
either of two circles of latitude:
Tropic of Cancer, at 23° 26' 22" N
Tropic of Capricorn, at 23° 26' 22" S

Tropics, referring to the tropical regions of the world.
Tropic, Florida, a town in the United States
Tropic, Utah, a town in the United States

In transportation:
SS Tropic (1871)
SS Tropic (1904)
Kikongo or Kongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Bakongo and Bandundu people in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and Angola.

Other websites 

 Ethnologue entry for the Kongo language
 Kongo - English Dictionary 

Bantu languages
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
Angola
Latvian (), is the official state language of Latvia. It is also called Lettish and Lettisch. It is estimated, that there are 1.75 million native speakers in Latvia.

The Latvian alphabet has 33 letters. The letters are based on the Latin alphabet. Along with the Lithuanian language, Latvian is the only live Baltic language.

References

Other websites 

 
 The Latvian Alphabet 
 Examples of Latvian words and phrases (with sound)
 Latvian for beginners
 ok-board.com  Latvian online transliteration

Baltic languages
A wig is an artificial covering of hair. The word is short for periwig and appeared in the English language around 1675. Some people wear wigs to hide the fact that they are bald, which means they have very little or no scalp hair. Actors often wear wigs to disguise their appearance or get into character. In Britain and other Commonwealth nations, some public employees, such as judges and barristers, wear wigs. 

Many composers during the 18th century wore wigs.

Headgear
The Neelum District () is one of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Until recently it was part of Muzaffarabad District. It is bounded by the Gilgit (Northern Areas) to the North, with Kupwara and Baramulla Districts of Jammu and Kashmir to the South and Southeast, Muzaffarabad District to the Southwest and Mansehra District to the West. The district was badly affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.

Subdivisions 
The district is administratively subdivided into two tehsils:

 Athmuuqaam Tehsil
 Sharda Tehsil

Pakistani Languages 
Many languages are spoken in the district. Hindko however, is the predominant language and is spoken mostly in the west, southwest and central regions. Shina and Kashmiri are spoken in the Northeast towards the border with Baramulla and Astore District and also in the far north on the cease-fire Line with Diamir District. Pashto is also spoken in a few villages on the Line of Conflict with Baramulla.

Other websites 
Map of Neelum

Districts of Azad Kashmir
A backpack (also called rucksack, knapsack, packsack, pack, Haversack, or Bergen) is a bag put on somebody's back.  It usually has two straps that go over the shoulders.  It is used to carry things in it, and it often has many pockets or compartments to carry things.  People often use backpacks when camping, hiking, or other activity where they need to carry many things.  Backpacks are also be used in the military by soldiers.  When used in school they are called bookbags or school bags.

Large backpacks, used to carry loads over 10 kg (22 lbs), and smaller sports backpacks, usually offload the biggest part of their weight onto padded hip belts. This leaves the shoulder straps mainly for keeping the load in place. This makes it easier to carry heavy loads, because the hips are stronger than the shoulders. It also improves agility and balance, because the load lies closer to the center of mass of the person wearing it.
In the distant past, backpacks were used to carry hunters' larger catches. If the hunts were even larger, the hunters would butcher their prey into pieces and hand out the pieces to other hunters.  The hunters would then carry smaller pieces separately.  The bag would be made up of animal skin and sewn together by animal intestines. They would then be woven together tightly to make a firm material.

Some backpacks are specialized to carry a particular thing, such as fluids or a laptop computer.

Designs 
Most backpacks can be closed with a buckle, a zipper, or a dry-bag type closure.  

A backpack may or may not have a pack frame.  If it does not, it is frameless. If it has a frame, it may be external or internal.  A pack frame supports the pack and scatters its weight across the body.  Most of the weight is taken off the shoulders.  This way, users are less often injured, and the upper body moves freely.
Frameless 
The simplest backpack design is a bag fixed to two shoulder straps.  The simplest designs consist of one main pocket.  This can be combined with webbing or cordage straps.  More complicated models add extra pockets, straps, and padding.  Sometimes they have reflective materials for safety at night.  These packs are usually cheap to make.  They are not suited for heavy loads.

External frame packs 
External frame packs were designed to carry heavy loads (>20 kg or 40 lb). This gives the wearer more support and protection and distributes weight better. Wooden pack frames were used for a long time around the world. Ötzi the Iceman may have used one in Copper Age Alpine Italy. But some archaeologists think the frame found with the body was part of a snowshoe. These packs are common in military and mountaineering. Metal packs first appeared in the mid-20th century.
The internal frame backpack is a recent creation, invented in 1967 by Greg Lowe. An internal-frame pack has a large fabric part around an internal frame. The frame is made with strips of aluminum, titanium or plastic. A number of straps work with the frame to balance the weight and hold it in place. The internal frame lets the pack fit closely to the wearer's back, which is good when the wearer is doing something that involves upper-body movement.  However, the tight fit makes it hard for the skin to breathe, so the user's back often becomes sweaty.  The internal design also makes a large storage compartment.  Lash points are few, and since the frame is integrated, it is hard to securely attach larger and heavier items to the outside.  Internal frame packs originally had smaller load carrying ability and less comfortable fit during walking, but 21st century ones are better.  In addition, because of their fit, the better internal frame models have replaced external frame backpacks for many activities.
Materials 
Nylon, canvas and oxford cloth are the most common materials used in backpacks.  Nylon, a type of plastic, is favored for its durability, light weight, and water resistance.  The plastic can be melted down and processed into fibers that are then woven into backpacks.  Oxford, a synthetic material made from nylon or polyester, is cheaper but still durable enough for everyday use.  However, it may lose wear resistance over time if overloaded.  Canvas is also a common material used in backpacks for its strength and durability. Made from cotton or a blend of cotton and polyester, canvas backpacks are favored by those looking for a more rugged style. While not as lightweight or water-resistant as nylon, canvas backpacks are known for their sturdiness and long-lasting durability. Ultimately, the choice of backpack material depends on the intended use.

References 

Containers
Gilgit Baltistan (), previously known as the Northern Areas, is the northern-most autonomous territory of Pakistan. In terms of land area it is bigger than Sierra Leone but smaller than Panama. It was part of the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu in 1800s and later leased to British eventually liberated after a planned liberation movement led by Gilgit Scouts.

It borders Azad Jammu and Kashmir in the south Indian-administered Kashmir in southeast where KPK province of Pakistan to the west, and internationally borders Afghanistan to the north, although Tajikistan is separated by fourteen kilometres via Wakhan Corridor, the People's Republic of China to the northeast.
History 
Gilgit Baltistan historically belonged to the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Soon after the partition of India in 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir signed the Instrument of Accession, thereby acceding to the Indian Union. Hence, whole Kashmir is legitimately an inherent part of India. This territory has been under Pakistan’s unlawful control ever since the Pakistan Army orchestrated the tribal invasion of the territory in October 1947.
Baltistan
The regions of Baltistan, and Ladakh (including Kargil) and Chitral are also considered to be a part of Balawaristan by nationalist parties of Gilgit. The peoples' do not consider areas of Gilgit and Baltistan to be legally or constitutionally part of Pakistan or India. Nor do they regard neighboring regions of Ladakh wazarat to be legitimately part of India or Pakistan. They demand freedom not just for regions within Pakistan, but also Indian held areas. They also assert that as per UNCIP resolutions, (Pakistan and India) must withdraw their occupational armed forces and handover the control of the disputed region to the people of Gilgit Baltistan, under the supervision of the United Nations, until a final settlement of the whole Jammu and Kashmir issue is reached, as per a United Nations sponsored plebiscite that would be held in both Pakistan and Indian-administered Kashmir."
Semi-autonomous status and present-day Gilgit-Baltistan
On 29 August 2009, the Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order 2009, was passed by the Pakistani cabinet and later signed by the country's President. The order granted self-rule to the people of the former Northern Areas, now renamed Gilgit-Baltistan, by creating, among other things, an elected legislative assembly. There has been criticism and opposition to this move in Pakistan, India, and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Gilgit Baltistan United Movement—while rejecting the new package—demanded that an independent and autonomous legislative assembly for Gilgit-Baltistan should be formed with the installation of local authoritative government as per the UNCIP resolutions, where the people of Gilgit-Baltistan will elect their president and the prime minister.
In early September 2009, Pakistan signed an agreement with the People's Republic of China for a mega energy project in Gilgit-Baltistan which includes the construction of a 7,000-megawatt dam at Bunji in the Astore District. This also resulted in protest from India, although Indian concerns were immediately rejected by Pakistan, which claimed that the Government of India has no locus standi in the matter.

On 29 September 2009, the Pakistani Prime Minister, while addressing a huge gathering in Gilgit-Baltistan, announced a multi-billion rupee development package aimed at the socio-economic uplifting of people in the area. Development projects will include the areas of education, health, agriculture, tourism and the basic needs of life.
The Prime Minister further went on to say:
"You are getting your identity today. It is your right and has been your demand, and today we are fulfilling it." Gilgit–Baltistan thus gained de facto province-like status without constitutionally becoming part of Pakistan. The official poistion of Pakistan has rejected Gilgit–Baltistani calls for integration with Pakistan on the grounds that it would prejudice its international obligations with regard to the Kashmir dispute.

In 1982 the Pakistani President General Zia ul Haq proclaimed that the people of the Northern Areas were Pakistanis and had nothing to do with the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

An attempt in 1993 by the High Court of Azad Kashmir to annex Gilgit–Baltistan was quashed by the Supreme Court of Pakistan, after protests by the predominantly Shia population of Gilgit–Baltistan, who feared domination by the Sunni Kashmiris.

Demography
Main languages are Balti, Shina Burushaski, Wakhi and Khowar.
Government
The Government of Gilgit Baltistan also known as the State Government of the Northern Areas, is the highest governing authority of the territory and its 10 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Gilgit Baltistan, a judiciary and a legislative branch.

Like other provinces in Pakistan, the head of state of Gilgit Baltistan is the governor. The governor is chosen by the President of Pakistan on the advice of the central government. The governor's post is largely ceremonial. It does not have much power. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is holds most of the executive powers.

The Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly is a 33-seat unicameral legislative body. It was formed as part of the Gilgit–Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order, 2009. This order gave the region self-rule and an elected legislative assembly. Before this, the region had been directly ruled from Islamabad.
Districts of Gilgit Baltistan 
 Astore District - (Diamir Division)
 Diamir District - (Diamir Division)
 Ghanche District - (Baltistan  Division)
 Ghizar District - (Gilgit Division)
 Gilgit District - (Gilgit Division)
 Hunza District - (Gilgit Division)
 Nagar District - (Gilgit Division)
 Skardu District - (Baltistan  Division)
 Shigar District - (Baltistan  Division)
 Kharmang District - (Baltistan  Division)

Geography and climate 

Gilgit–Baltistan borders the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan to the northwest, China's Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast, the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the south and southeast, the Pakistani-controlled state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the south, and Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west.
Gilgi-Baltistan is home to five of the "eight-thousanders" and to more than fifty peaks above 7000 meters. Gilgit and Skardu are the two main hubs for expeditions to those mountains. The region is home to some of the world's highest mountain ranges—the main ranges are the Karakoram Mountains and the western Himalayas. The Pamir mountains are to the north, and the Hindu Kush lies to the west. Amongst the highest mountains are K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen) and Nanga Parbat, the latter being one of the most feared mountains in the world.
The Deosai Plains are located above the tree line, and constitute the second-highest plateau in the world at 4,115 meters (14,500 feet) after the Chinese region of Tibet. The plateau lies east of Astore, south of Skardu and west of Ladakh. The area was declared as a national park in 1993. The Deosai Plains cover an area of almost 5,000 square kilometres. For over half the year (between September and May), Deosai is snow-bound and cut off from rest of Astore & Baltistan in winters. The village of Deosai lies close to Chilum chokki and is connected with the Kargil District of Ladakh in the Kashmir disputed region through an all-weather road.

References 

1974 establishments in Asia
 
1970s establishments in Pakistan
Central Asia
Foreign relations of Pakistan
Geography of Kashmir
The Great American Bash was the fifth yearly Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on July 20, 2008 at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW brands. The official theme song for the event is "Move To The Music" by American Bang.

Background 
The main feud going into the Great American Bash on the SmackDown brand was between Triple H and Edge. They had been feuding over the WWE Championship. On the July 4 edition of SmackDown, General Manager Vickie Guerrero said that they would wrestly  each other for the WWE Championship at The Great American Bash.

Results

References

Other websites 
Official Great American Bash website

2008 in professional wrestling
Sports in New York City
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2000s in New York City
2008 in New York (state)
Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) is a taxonomic superorder, within Placentalia. It includes the rodents and the primates.

Placentalia (Eutheria)
 Afrotheria
 Exafroplacentalia
 Xenarthra
 Boreoeutheria
 Laurasiatheria
 Euarchontoglires

Orders
Glires
Rodentia - rodents
Lagomorpha - rabbits, hares and pikas
Euarchonta
Dermoptera - colugos
Primatomorpha
Scandentia - treeshrews
Primates - monkeys, apes and humans

Mammals
Mazamitla is a town of the Mexican State of Jalisco.

Cities in Mexico
Jalisco
Thomas Brezina (born January 30, 1963, in Vienna) is an Austrian writer of children's books. He is famous for his series The Knickerbocker Gang and his stories about the talking bike Tom Turbo.

1963 births
Living people
Austrian writers
Children's writers
Bass or Basses may mean:

Music and other sound
 Low frequency part of the sound spectrum (see also Low Frequency Effects, (LFE))
 Bass (sound), describing bass in terms of tone and musicality

Musical instruments
 Double bass, the largest and lowest pitched bowed string instrument
 Electric upright bass, the electric version of a double bass
 Bass guitar, generally with a solid body
 Acoustic bass guitar, with a hollow body
 Bass drum, a large drum
 Tuba, often called "the bass" in the context of brass instruments
 Bass clarinet a clarinet with a lower sound
 Bass cornett, a low pitched wind instrument
 Bass flute, an instrument one octave lower than a flute
 Bass sarrusophone, a low pitched double reed instrument
 Bass saxophone

Musical genres
 Drum and bass, a type of electronic dance music
 Miami bass, a type of hip hop music
 Ghettotech, or Detroit Bass, a form of electronic dance music
 Techno Bass, a blend of Miami bass and Detroit techno
 Drill 'n bass, a form of electronic dance music
Other musical areas
 Bass (vocal range), a male singer who sings in the deepest vocal range
 Figured bass, a kind of integer musical notation
 F clef or bass clef
 Bass note, the lowest note in a chord
 Bassline, an instrumental part which is in the bass range
 "Basses", is the third movement of Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells 2003 album

People with the surname Bass
 Bass (surname)

Places
 Bass Rock, wildlife sanctuary off the coast of Scotland
 Bass, Victoria, a town in Australia
 Division of Bass, a federal electoral division, in Australia
 Division of Bass (state), state electoral division, in Australia
 Bass Strait, in Australia
 Bass Pyramid, island in Bass Strait
 Basses, Vienne a Commune of the Vienne department in France
 Bass, West Virginia
 Bass River (disambiguation)
Other
 Bass (fish), various freshwater and saltwater species
 Bass (beer), a British brand of beer
 Beneath a Steel Sky, a videogame
 Bass diffusion model, a mathematical marketing model
 Bass (Mega Man), a character in the video game Mega Man
 Bass Armstrong, a character from the video game Dead or Alive
 G. H. Bass, a shoemaker, especially of loafers
 Bass Anglers Sportsmen Society (B.A.S.S.)
Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality. It is part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics. 

Ontology deals with questions about what things exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped according to similarities and differences.

Overview 
Ontology asks whether "categories of being" are fundamental. 

Some philosophers, of the Platonic school, say that all nouns (including abstract nouns) refer to actual entities. Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities. They think some are a kind of shorthand for a collection of either objects or events. 

In this view, mind, instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of mental events experienced by a person. Society refers to a collection of persons with some shared characteristics, and geometry refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity.
Between these poles, called realism and nominalism, are other positions. Any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result.

References 

Branches of philosophy
Reality
Turkish Airlines, in Turkish Türk Hava Yolları is the national airline of Turkey. In 2012 Turkish Airlines carried 39.0 million passengers. Turkish Airlines flies a lot of destinion inside Turkey and lots of point in the world.

Turkish Airlines Destinations 

As of 2015, Turkish Airlines is the airline that flies to the most countries worldwide.

 Afghanistan 
 Albania
 Algeria
 Angola
 Argentina
 Austria
 Azerbaijan
 Bahrain
 Bangladesh
 Belarus
 Belgium
 Benin
 Bosnia-Herzegovina
 Brazil
 Bulgaria
 Burkina Faso
 Cameroon
 Canada
 British Columbia
 Ontario
 Quebec
 Chad
 China
 Colombia
 Comoros
 Congo D.R.
 Congo Republic
 Croatia
 Cuba
 Czech Republic
 Denmark
 Djibouti
 Egypt
 Equatorial Guinea
 Eritrea
 Estonia
 Ethiopia
 Finland
 Lapland
 France
 Gabon
 Gambia
 Georgia
 Adjara
 Germany
 Ghana
 Greece
 Guinea
 Hong Kong
 Hungary
 India
Indonesia
 Bali
 Iran
 Iraq
 Kurdistan
 Ireland
 Israel
 Italy
 Sicily
 Ivory Coast
 Japan
 Jordan
 Kazakhstan
 Kenya
 Kosovo
 Kuwait
 Kyrgyzstan
 Latvia
 Lebanon
 Lithuania
 Luxembourg
 Madagascar
 Malaysia
 Maldives
 Mali
 Malta
 Mauritania
 Mauritius
 Mexico
 Moldova
 Mongolia
 Montenegro
 Morocco
 Mozambique
 Nepal
 Netherlands
 Niger
 Nigeria
 North Macedonia
 Northern Cyprus
 Norway
 Oman
 Pakistan
 Panama
 Philippines
 Poland
 Portugal
 Qatar
 Romania
 Russia
 Bashkortostan
 Khanty-Mansi
 Ciscaucasia
 Siberia
 Tatarstan
Rwanda
 Saudi Arabia
 Senegal
 Serbia
 Seychelles
 Sierra Leone
 Singapore
 Slovenia
 Somalia
 South Africa
 South Korea
 South Sudan
 Spain
 Andalusia
 Basque Country
 Catalonia
 Sri Lanka
 Sudan
 Sweden
 Switzerland
 Taiwan
 Tajikistan
 Tanzania
 Zanzibar
 Thailand
 Tunisia
 Turkey
 Turkmenistan
 Uganda
 Ukraine
 United Arab Emirates
 United Kingdom
 England
 Scotland
 United States
California
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Massachusetts
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Texas
Virginia
Washington
Washington, D.C.
 Uzbekistan
 Venezuela
 Vietnam
 Zambia

Gallery

References 

Star Alliance
Airlines of the Middle East
Airlines of Europe
Transport in Turkey
Companies of Turkey
IATA members
Pegasus airlines is a Turkish airline company based in Turkey. Pegasus Airlines flies to 100 destinations in 17 countries.

Countries to which Pegasus fly are:
Austria
Germany
Denmark
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Iran
Italy
Switzerland
Northern Cyprus
Scotland

Other websites
 Official website

Airlines of the Middle East
Transport in Turkey
Companies of Turkey
Ethiopian Airlines is an airline based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is the national airline of Ethiopia, operating scheduled international passenger and freight services to 80 destinations world-wide, as well as domestic services to 28 destinations and passenger and cargo charter flights. Its main hub is Bole International Airport, Addis Ababa.

History
Ethiopian Airlines began on December 30, 1945. It was set up by Emperor Haile Selassie. It has codeshare agreements with South African Airways, Lufthansa, TAAG Air Angola, Gulf Air, Air One, Brussels Airlines, British Midland Airways Limited, Rwanda Air, and Saudi Arabian Airways.

References 

Airlines of Africa
Addis Ababa
Star Alliance
IATA members
Sellapan Ramanathan (Tamil: செல்லப்பன் ராமநாதன்; (July 3, 1924 – August 22, 2016) was the sixth President of the Republic of Singapore. Often referred to as S. R. Nathan, he became president on September 1, 1999.

Biography

Early life 
Nathan was an Indian Singaporean; his childhood was spent with his two older brothers and parents, V. Sellapan and Apiram, in Muar, Johor, in a house near the sea.

By then the young Nathan had returned to where he was born, Singapore, to live with an uncle, and received his early education in several Anglo-Chinese Schools, such as the Rangoon Road Afternoon School, and later Victoria School. He started working before completing his studies.  During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Nathan worked for the Japanese civilian police as a translator. After the war, while working, he completed his secondary education through self-study, and entered the University of Malaya (then in Singapore) where he graduated in 1954 with a Diploma in Social Studies (Distinction).
Becoming President 
His nomination was strongly supported by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew (then holding the post of Senior Minister). He succeeded the 5th President of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong and was sworn in on September 1, 1999.

On 12 July 2005 Nathan announced that he was seeking re-election as President. He applied to the Presidential Elections Committee; by 6 August 2005 three more people had also submitted forms, but on 13 August the Committee said that the other three applicants had been rejected as unsuitable. Nathan became the president of Singapore on 17 August. He became president for the second time on 1 September 2005.

His term ends on 31 August 2011, after which a new President must be elected. He was replaced by Tony Tan Keng Yam after the 2011 Presidential Elections in Singapore.

Personal life 
Nathan, a Hindu, was married to Urmila (Umi) Nandey and had a daughter, a son, and three grandchildren.
Death
Nathan suffered a stroke on the morning of July 31, 2016 and was taken to Singapore General Hospital's Intensive Care Unit. He died in hospital on August 22, 2016 at 9:48 pm SST, aged 92. He was survived by his wife Urmila Nandey (known as Umi), their daughter Juthika and son Osith, three grandchildren, and his sister Sundari.

Notes and references 

 'President's tip on Ageing: Don't Think About It.' Straits Times. 19 October, 2007.

Other websites 
 Office of the President of the Republic of Singapore

1924 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of Singapore
Tamil people
Asian translators
Singlish is a language used mostly in Singapore. It is the first language of many younger Singaporeans, especially those whose parents do not share a native language or dialect, and is the second language of nearly all the rest of the country's residents.

The vocabulary of Singlish consists of words originating from English, Malay (mainly Bahasa Melayu rather than Indonesian), Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese, Tamil and to a lesser extent various other European, Indic and Sinitic languages, while Singlish syntax resembles southern varieties of Chinese. Also, elements of American and Australian slang have come through from imported television series. To date, other Asian languages like Japanese, Korean and other lesser known Chinese dialects such as Shanghainese have also been incorporated into Singlish. Recently, because Mandarin is taught to all Singaporean Chinese in school, Mandarin words have also become a part of Singlish.  Singlish is a creole of English.
Singlish is closely related to Manglish of the nearby country Malaysia.

The Singaporean government wants people to use Singapore Standard English instead of Singlish because it believes in that Singaporeans need to be able to effectively communicate with the other English users in the world.  The government runs the Speak Good English Movement to emphasise the point.

References

Other websites 
Singapore Speak Good English Movement 
The Coxford Singlish Dictionary @ Talkingcock.com
A Dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English
Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) 
An Annotated Bibliography of Works on Singapore English 
The NIE Corpus of Spoken Singapore English 
The Lim Siew Lwee Corpus of Informal Singapore Speech 
Taiwanese Celebrities Criticize Singaporean English

English language
Languages of Singapore
Languages of Asia
The 1995–96 NHL season was the 79th regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-six teams each played 82 games. The Stanley Cup winners were the Colorado Avalanche. They swept the Florida Panthers in four games. This was the first year the team was named Avalanche.

League Business
1995–96 was the first season in Denver for the Avalanche, who had relocated from Quebec City where they were previously known as the Quebec Nordiques. 

It was also the last season of existence for the Winnipeg Jets, as they announced that they would be moving from Manitoba to Arizona and become the Phoenix Coyotes at the season's end.

1995–96 would mark the last season the Buffalo Sabres would play in the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium, the Flyers at the Spectrum, and Canadiens at the Montreal Forum.

Regular season
Regular season

The Detroit Red Wings had a great season, finishing with the second-highest regular-season point total in NHL history (131 points), yet they fell to the Avalanche in the Western Conference final, the sixth game of which marked the beginning of the heated Detroit-Colorado rivalry.

Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

[[Image:Hhof stanley cup.jpg|right|175px|thumb|The Stanley Cup]]

Conference quarterfinals
Eastern Conference

Western Conference

Conference semifinals

Conference finals

Finals

Scoring leadersNote:''' GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

NHL Awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1995–96 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Kyle McLaren, Boston Bruins
Jay McKee, Buffalo Sabres
Martin Biron, Buffalo Sabres
Jarome Iginla*, Calgary Flames
Stephane Yelle, Colorado Avalanche
Jere Lehtinen, Dallas Stars
Miroslav Satan, Edmonton Oilers
Ed Jovanovski, Florida Panthers
Jeff O'Neill, Hartford Whalers
Sami Kapanen, Hartford Whalers
Darcy Tucker, Montreal Canadiens
Jose Theodore, Montreal Canadiens
Saku Koivu, Montreal Canadiens
Patrik Elias, New Jersey Devils
Petr Sykora, New Jersey Devils
Steve Sullivan, New Jersey Devils
Bryan McCabe, New York Islanders
Todd Bertuzzi, New York Islanders
Daniel Alfredsson, Ottawa Senators
Daymond Langkow, Tampa Bay Lightning
Andrew Brunette, Washington Capitals
Brendan Witt, Washington Capitals
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1995–96 (listed with their last team):
Cam Neely, Boston Bruins
Alexei Kasatonov, Boston Bruins
Troy Murray, Colorado Avalanche
Paul Cavallini, Dallas Stars
Jimmy Carson, Hartford Whalers
Glenn Anderson, St. Louis Blues
Greg Gilbert, St. Louis Blues
Jim Sandlak, Vancouver Canucks
1996 Trading Deadline
 Trading Deadline: MARCH 20, 1996 
March 20, 1996: C Jesse Belanger traded from Florida to Vancouver for Vancouver's 3rd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft and future considerations.
March 20, 1996: LW Ken Baumgartner traded from Toronto to Anaheim for Winnipeg's 4th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft (previously acquired).
March 20, 1996: D J-J Daigneault traded from St. Louis to Pittsburgh for Pittsburgh's 6th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: LW Kevin Miller traded from San Jose to Pittsburgh for Pittsburgh's 5th round choice in 1996 Entry Draft and future considerations.
March 20, 1996: LW Pat Conacher and Calgary's 6th round pick in 1997 Entry Draft traded from Calgary to NY Islanders for C Bob Sweeney.
March 20, 1996: RW Kirk Maltby traded from Edmonton to Detroit for D Dan McGillis.
March 20, 1996: D Jaroslav Modry and Ottawa's 8th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Ottawa to Los Angeles for RW Kevin Brown.
March 20, 1996: LW Patrick Poulin, D Igor Ulanov and Chicago's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Chicago to Tampa Bay for D Enrico Ciccone and Tampa Bay's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: LW Yuri Khmylev and Buffalo's 8th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Buffalo to St. Louis for D Jean-Luc Grand Pierre, Ottawa's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft (previously acquired) and St. Louis' 3rd round pick in 1997 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: C Dave Hannan traded from Buffalo to Colorado for Colorado's 6th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: RW Alek Stojanov traded from Vancouver to Pittsburgh for RW Markus Naslund. 
March 20, 1996: RW Ravil Gusmanov traded from Winnipeg to Chicago for Chicago's 4th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
March 20, 1996: RW Joe Kocur traded from NY Rangers to Vancouver for G Kay Whitmore.
References

Other websites
Hockey Database
http://nhl.com/

National Hockey League seasons
The Singapore Dollar is the official currency or money of Singapore. The symbol of the Singapore Dollar when written is $. 1 Singapore Dollar is divided into 100 cents. There are 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000 and 10,000 dollar notes and 5¢, 10¢, 20¢, 50¢, and $1 coins in use.

Ways of writing 
 $1 - means one dollar
 S$ 1 - means one Singapore dollar
 SGD 1 - means one Singapore dollar without the dollar sign (used most in foreign exchanges)

Usage 
The Singapore Dollar can be used in Singapore.

However, the Singapore Dollar can also be used in Brunei due to an agreement signed between the Singapore government and the Brunei government. Both the Singapore Dollar (SGD) and the Brunei Dollar (BND) are accepted in stores of Singapore and Brunei.

Currency of Asia
Economy of Singapore
Since their beginning in the early days of radio, shortwave stations have carried news and cultural information about the station's locality or country of origin. Many governments or national news agencies have shortwave stations, that broadcast in both English and their native languages, so they can inform both non-natives and natives about things in their country. Some broadcast in several different languages, to reach a wider listening audience. Some of these stations are Voice of America, BBC World Service, Deutsche Welle, and Voice of Russia.

Shortwave stations may also be run by private companies or groups. Some broadcast religious programming. HCJB and WEWN include actual church services in their programs. Others may broadcast weather or time information. WWV and WWVH give the current Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) at 2.500, 5.000, 10.000, and 15.000 megahertz. WWV is also on 20.000 megahertz.
A few stations are unlicensed, and their operators are called "pirates". Pirate stations may not broadcast regularly, or from the same location each time. They may carry music not played by other stations, and express unpopular opinions. Government authorities work to stop these stations, because they are not licensed and interfere with licensed ones.

Shortwave listenership has lessened with the rise of the Internet, but is still important to people worldwide, especially in areas the Internet and computer technology have not yet reached. Many longtime stations now stream their programming over the Internet, as audio feeds or podcasting, along with their radio broadcasts.

Two-way radio sets on ships and airplanes also use shortwaves to talk with ground stations that are far away, when they cannot use a communications satellite.

Other websites
Shortwave Station Guide 
List of stations at World Radio Network

References

Radio
Audio technology
Çanakkale is a city in  western Turkey. In World War I, Çanakkale was a battle area. Troy, an ancient Greek city was in the area of Çanakkale Province.

References

Cities in Turkey
Çanakkale Province
Dadı is a television series. It is the Turkish version of The Nanny. Gülben Ergen as Melek, Kenan Işık as Ömer played main starring in the television series.

Other websites 
 Dadı official home page . All episodes are available online as streaming video.
 Dadı at the Internet Movie Database

Turkish television series
Placebo is an alternative rock band that started in London in 1994. The band currently has Brian Molko (lead vocals, guitar, harmonica, keyboards, saxophone), Stefan Olsdal (bass, guitar, keyboards, back-up vocals) and Steve Forrest (drums, percussion, back-up vocals) as members. A Kate Bush cover, "Running Up That Hill" is one of their most popular songs.

Placebo’s sixth studio album, Battle for the Sun, was released on June 8th, 2009. 

Recorded over three months at Metal Works Studios in Toronto with producer David Bottrill and mixed in London by My Bloody Valentine, Smashing Pumpkins and Nine Inch Nails producer Alan Moulder, Battle for the Sun is a startling, alive, vital and boundary-vaulting Placebo record.
It is, according to Brian Molko, “not hard rock and it’s not pop, it’s probably hard pop. I think we’ve made a record which is almost the flipside of ‘Meds’. We’ve made a record about choosing life, about choosing to live, about stepping out of the darkness and into the light. Not necessarily turning your back on the darkness because it’s there, it’s essential; it’s a part of who you are, but more about the choice of standing in the sunlight instead.” 

English rock bands
Musical groups from London
Industrial rock is a music genre that puts together industrial music and different rock genres, like punk, hardcore punk, or hard rock or Synth pop .

Rock music
Java man is one of the first known specimens of Homo erectus. The name was given to fossils discovered in 1891 at Trinil on the banks of the Bengawan Solo River in East Java, Indonesia.  Its discoverer, Eugène Dubois, gave it the scientific name Pithecanthropus erectus. The name derives from Greek and Latin roots meaning "upright ape-man".

Estimated to be between 700,000 and 1,000,000 years old, it was, at the time of its discovery, the oldest hominid fossils ever found. It still is the type specimen for Homo erectus.

Led by Eugène Dubois, the excavation team uncovered a tooth, a skullcap, and a thighbone at Trinil.

Hominins
Peking Man (currently Homo erectus pekinensis) is an example of Homo erectus. The remains were first found between in 1923 and 1937 during excavations at Zhoukoudian near Beijing, in China. 

In 2009 the finds were dated from roughly 750,000 years ago, and a new 26Al/10Be dating suggests they are in the range of 680,000–780,000 years old.

The original fossils disappeared in 1941, but casts and descriptions remain. They show that this subspecies looked similar to modern humans and Neanderthals, and used stone tools. Most likely fire was used, and it is currently unknown if interbreeding was between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens, and if this is an ancestor or member of the Denisovan peoples of East Asia. No religious or symbolic findings are yet associated with this subspecies.

References 

Hominins
Followers of the Latter Day Saint Movement believe that Joseph Smith was visited by an angel who gave him the Golden Plates from which he translated the Book of Mormon, one of the faith's sacred texts. They were found on September 22, 1823 on Cumorah hill in Manchester, New York.

Mormonism
Religious texts
Moroni is a character in the Book of Mormon that was the final member of his people before they were all killed. Mormons believe that Moroni later appeared to Joseph Smith as an angel and gave him the Golden Plates from which Joseph translated the Book of Mormon.

He is also the figure of the angel that is plated in gold and which sits on top of all Mormon temples.

Angels
Mormonism
Aer is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 200 people in Sindh, Pakistan.

References

Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of Sindh
Guitar Hero: World Tour is a music game that is part of the Guitar Hero franchise. The game was released in North America on October 27 2008. This is the first Guitar Hero game that allowed the player(s) to play a variety of instruments besides guitar. The game features 86 unique songs. The game also features a career mode where players can make their own “rockers” and band. Post launch DLC was added via an online storefront, excluding the playstation 2 version of the game.

Musicians who guest star in World Tour 
Hayley Williams (Paramore)
Ozzy Osbourne (Black Sabbath)
Zakk Wylde, (Black Label Society)
Billy Corgan (Smashing Pumpkins)
Ted Nugent
Sting (musician) (The Police)
Travis Barker (+44 and Blink 182)
Jimi Hendrix

Song List
Band on the Run, Paul McCartney
Misery Business, Paramore
Beat It, Michael Jackson and Van Halen
Living on a Prayer, Bon Jovi
Purple Haze, Jimi Hendrix

2008 video games
Guitar Hero
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Wii games
Xbox 360 games
Guitar Hero: Metallica is a rhythm game that was made by Neversoft with other help from Activision. It is part of the Guitar Hero franchise. The game was released in North America on March 29, 2009 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and the Wii and was released on April 14, 2009 in North America for the PlayStation 2. In the game Guitar Hero: World Tour, there is a trailer for the game with the song "Master of Puppets" playing in the background. "It also says Ride the Lightning 2009."

2009 video games
Guitar Hero
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Badeshi is a northwestern Indo-Iranic language spoken by only 3 people in upper reaches of Bishigram Valley (Chail), east of Madyan, Swat, Kohistan in Northern Areas of Pakistan.

The Badeshi people of Bishigram Valley and Tirat Valleytotal around 1,500 in numbers. The figures for Pooran Chakesar, Alai, and Mansehra towns are not available. The Badeshi people stopped using their native language completely few generations ago. In Bishigram Valley, they only speak Torwali and in Tirat Valley they speak Pashto.

Muhammad Zaman Sagar, a field linguist is working on this language. But his research over the 2 years, he has just collected one hundred words so far. In July 2007 he again visited the Bishigram valley and spent some time with the people there.

References

Languages of Gilgit-Baltistan
Indo-Iranian languages
Endangered languages
Balti might mean:

Anything related to Baltistan, a region in northern Pakistan
Balti language, a language spoken in Baltistan
Bavarian (also known as Austro-Bavarian;  ) is a major group of Upper German varieties. They are called "upper" because they are spoken in Switzerland, Austria and southern Germany, which are mountainous. Like standard German, Austro-Bavarian is a High German language, but they are not the same language. However, Austro-Bavarian and Standard German have influenced each other and the vast majority of Austro-Bavarian speakers speak Standard German as well. There are more variants of Bavarian. The variants are Central Bavarian, Southern Bavarian, and Northern Bavarian.

Austro-Bavarian is also used to refer to the dialect group which includes the Austro-Bavarian dialect discussed here, as well as the Cimbrian, Hutterite German, and Mócheno dialects of Germany.
History and origin 
The Austro-Bavarian language has its origins in the Germanic tribe known as the Bavarii, who established a tribal duchy, which covered much of what is today Bavaria and some of Austria in the early Middle Ages and was eventually subdued by Charlemagne. However, they gradually migrated down the Danube and into the Alps to all those areas where Austro-Bavarian dialects are spoken.

In German, there is usually a difference made between "bairisch" (referring to the language) and "bayerisch" (referring to the state of Bavaria and used in the name of BMW). Because of King Ludwig I's passion for everything Hellenic, the German name for Bavaria today is spelled "Bayern", while the language spoken there has retained its original spelling "Bairisch"—note the I versus the "Hellenic" Y.
Regions where people speak Bavarian
in Bavaria:
in Upper Bavaria
in Lower Bavaria
in the Upper Palatinate
in Austria:
in all parts of the country except the federal-state of Vorarlberg and parts of the Reutte District in Tirol, where an Alemannic dialect is spoken.
in Switzerland:
in the village of Samnaun, in Graubünden.
in Italy:
in all of the province of South Tyrol and by small German speaking communities in Trento, Veneto (Cimbrian language) and Friuli.
in Hungary:
 the city of Sopron (Ödenburg) is officially bi-lingual.

Diphthongs

Consonants

Notes:

The phoneme  is frequently realised as  or  word-internally and is realised as  word-initially.
Intervocalic  can be voiced to .
A trill sound  may also be realised as a tap sound [].
Intervocalic  or  sound can be realised as [] or [, ].
Some dialects, such as the Bavarian dialect in South Tyrol, realise  as an affricate  word-initially and before , which is an extension of the High German consonant shift to velar consonants.

Vowels
Vowels

Examples of Bavarian and Austrian

Related pages
 Austrian German
 Viennese German
 German language

References

Austrian culture
Bavaria
Languages of Europe
German dialects
The Brahui () or Bravi () language, spoken by the Brahui, it is the only Dravidian language mainly spoken in Pakistan, although it is also spoken in Afghanistan and Iran. The 2005 edition of Ethnologue reports some 2.2 million speakers, 90% of whom live in Pakistan. In Pakistan it is mainly spoken in the Kalat region of Balochistan.

Although it is a Dravidian language, it has been heavily influenced by the Iranian languages spoken in the area such as Balochi.

Brahui is often considered to be a remnant of a formerly more widespread Dravidian language family that was speculated to have reduced during the Indo-Aryan migration. It is also sometimes speculated that Brahui might be a direct legacy of the Indus Valley Civilisation. However, one polar opposite view is that Brahuis migrated up to Baluchistan in the 13 or 14th century or by a late immigration that took place after 1000 CE.

References

Dravidian languages
Languages of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Languages of Sindh
Burushaski () is a language isolate spoken by some 87,000 (as of 2000) Burusho people in the Hunza, Nagar, Yasin, and parts of the Gilgit valleys in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It is also spoken by some 300 speakers in Srinagar, Indian-administered Kashmir. Other names for the language are Kanjut (Kunjoot), Werchikwār, Boorishki, Brushas (Brushias).

Today Burushaski contains many loanwords from Urdu (including English words received via Urdu) and from neighbouring Dardic languages such as Khowar and Shina, as well as a few from Turkic languages and from the neighboring Sino-Tibetan language Balti, but the original vocabulary remains largely intact. The Dardic languages also contain large numbers of loanwords from Burushaski.
There are three dialects, named after the main valleys: Hunza, Nagar, and Yasin (also called Werchikwār). The dialect of Yasin is thought to be the least affected by contact with neighboring languages and is generally less similar to the other two than those are to each other; nevertheless all three dialects are mutually intelligible.

References

Language isolates
Languages of Gilgit-Baltistan
Khowar is a Dardic language. It is spoken by 332,200 people.  These people live in the upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Loanwords
Khowar has many loanwords taken from Hindustani, Persian, and Ghalchah. It also has words from Sanskrit and Ancient Greek.

In the 19th century, when the area was conquered by Hindustanis, many words from the Hindustani languages entered Kho, like afas from the Hindustani aas, which means hope; ruphi from the Hindustani rukna. which means to stop; usna from the Hindustani uthana, which means to lift up; and choghi from the Hindustani chori, which means to steal.

Alphabet

The Khowar alphabet is based on the Urdu alphabet.

Related pages
Shina language
Brokpa tribe

More reading
More reading

 Elena Bashir, (2001) Spatial Representation in Khowar. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
 Kendall D. Decker, (1992) Languages of Chitral   
 Erik L’Homme, (1999) Parlons Khowar. Langue et culture de l’ancien royaume de Chitral au Pakistan. Paris: L’Harmattan
 Georg Morgenstierne, (1936) Iranian Elements in Khowar. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,  Vol. VIII, London.
 Badshah munir Bukhari (2001) Khowar language. University publisher.Pakistan
 Georg Morgenstierne, (1947) Some Features of Khowar Morphology. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, Vol. XIV, Oslo.
 Georg Morgenstierne, (1957) Sanskritic Words in Khowar. Felicitation Volume Presented to S.K. Belvalkar. Benares. 84-98 [Reprinted in Morgenstierne (1973): Irano-Dardica, 267-72]
 Mohammad Ismail Sloan (1981) Khowar-English Dictionary. Peshawar. .

References

Dardic languages
Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Chitral District
Islamgarh () (or Akhalgarh, where Akhal means the Immortal and Garh means Place of) is a small New town near the village of Chak Haryam, that is close to the Mangla Dam and one of 25 towns in the Union Councils of Pakistan is the Chakswari Tehsil, Mirpur District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 10,082 people lived there in 1998.

References 

Towns in Azad Kashmir