Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Chirality is when an object is present in two forms which are mirror images of each other.

The two forms cannot be superimposed. Human hands are chiral. The left hand is a mirror image of the right hand. You cannot turn or move one of your hands to look exactly the same as the other. This is why you can not put a left handed glove on your right hand, or shake the right hand of a person using your left hand.

In chemistry 
In chemistry, chirality refers to molecules. If a molecule is chiral it has two forms that are mirror images of each other but otherwise identical.

Chemists call these enantiomers or optical isomers. Because the difference between right and left hands is easy to understand, chemists call enantiomers either 'right-' or 'left-handed'. A mixture of equal amounts of the two enantiomers is called a racemic mixture.

Molecular chirality is quite common. It is found in stereochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.
The symmetry of a molecule (or any other object) tells us whether it is chiral.  A molecule is achiral (not chiral) if it has an axis of symmetry.

Racemic mixtures 
A racemic mixture is one which has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.

Homochiralism in biology 
Many biologically active molecules are chiral, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and sugars. Most of these compounds are of the same chirality. Most amino acids are L (left-handed) and sugars are D. (right-handed). Proteins made of L amino acids, are known as left-handed proteins, whereas D amino acids produce right-handed proteins.

The origin of homochirality in the first place is much discussed. Most believe that the original origin of chiralities was purely random. They think if carbon-based life forms exist elsewhere in the universe, the chemistry might have different chirality. Other theories are possible.
Enzymes, which are chiral, usually only work with one enantiomer of a chiral substrate. Imagine an enzyme as having a glove-like cavity that binds a substrate. If this glove is right-handed, then one enantiomer will fit inside and be bound, whereas the other enantiomer will have a poor fit and is unlikely to bind.

It was economical for life-forms to adopt one form or the other of each type of chiral compound. That way we do not need two enzymes for every chemical reaction which involves chirality.

Notes 

Stereochemistry
Londrina is a city in Brazil. It is found in the northern area of the state of Paraná. It is 369 km away from the capital, Curitiba. Londrina has 510.707 people living in the city. This makes it the second biggest city of Paraná and the third biggest city in Southern Brazil.

Cities in Paraná State
Kaya is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the sixth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 51,778 people lived in the city; 25,898 were male and 25,880 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
In graphics, superimposition is when an image or video is put on top of an already-existing image or video. This is  usually done to add to the overall image effect or to hide something (such as when a different face is superimposed over the original face in a photograph). 

This technique is used in cartography to produce photomaps by superimposing grid lines, contour lines and other linear or textual mapping features over aerial photographs.
Superimposition of 2D images containing correlated periodic grid structures may produce moiré patterns. Superimposition of two correlated layers comprising parallel lines or curves may give rise line moiré patterns. The movement of one of the layers results in a faster movement of the line moiré superimposition image. Such optical acceleration is known as moiré speedup (check for the formulas of optical speedup for curved patterns). When superimposing two identical layers comprising randomly spaced parallel lines, at a small angle or with a small scaling difference random line moiré patterns, namely line Glass patterns (after Leon Glass, 1969) appear. Similarly, when superimposing two identical layers of randomly scattered dots at a small angle or with a small scaling difference random dot Glass patterns, namely random dot moiré, appears
. When one of the layers embeds complex shapes, such as sequences of symbols forming a text, and another layer contains parallel lines or curves, the superimposition image may gives rise to magnified shapes, called shape moiré patterns.
Graphics
Printmaking
Maringá is the third largest city in the state of Paraná, in the Southern Region of Brazil. About 400,000 people live there. It has an area of 3,179.987 km² (1,227.8 sq mi).

Cities in Paraná State
Tenkodogo is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the seventh largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 40,839 people lived in the city; 20,093 were male and 20,756 were female.

References 

Cities in Burkina Faso
Fada N'gourma is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the eighth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 40,815 people lived in the city; 20,796 were male and 20,019 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Ponta Grossa is a Brazilian city, in the southern region of the country, in the state of Paraná. With a population of over 300,000 inhabitants, it is the 4th most populated city of Paraná.

The city is home town of the Parque Estadual da Vila Velha ("State Park of Old Town"), a park made up of rocky formations formed over millions of years.

Other attraction of the city is the Münchenfest - A National Stout Festival with national and international concerts that lasts a whole week and occurs at late November and the beginning of December.

Cities in Paraná State
Dédougou is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the ninth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 37,793 people lived in the city; 18,778 were male and 19,015 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Houndé is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the tenth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 34,669 people lived in the city; 17,418 were male and 17,251 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Foz do Iguaçu (fɔs do igwa'su) is the 4th largest city of Paraná state, in the south region of Brazil. 309,000 people live there. It is about  west of Curitiba, Parana's capital city, on the border with Argentina and Paraguay. The people who live there are known as iguaçuenses.

The city is known for the Iguaçu Falls and the Itaipu Dam, the largest dam of the world was built.

Cities in Paraná State
Cascavel is a city in western Paraná state, in the south region of Brazil. It has, approximately 300.000 inhabitants.

The city is on a plateau 781 meters above sea level. It is 504 km west of the state capital of Curitiba, 605 km west of the sea port of Paranaguá and 140 km from Foz do Iguaçu/ the 3 borders (Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil).

Cities in Paraná State
Julen Guerrero (born 7 January, 1974) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Athletic Bilbao and Spain national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992-93||rowspan="14"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="14"|La Liga||37||10
|-
|1993-94||36||12
|-
|1994-95||27||7
|-
|1995-96||33||12
|-
|1996-97||34||9
|-
|1997-98||33||8
|-
|1998-99||36||12
|-
|1999-00||32||9
|-
|2000-01||27||7
|-
|2001-02||20||4
|-
|2002-03||14||2
|-
|2003-04||14||1
|-
|2004-05||12||3
|-
|2005-06||17||0
372||96
372||96
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||6||4
|-
|1994||8||0
|-
|1995||6||3
|-
|1996||9||3
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||6||3
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
!Total||41||13
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Emile William Ivanhoe Heskey (born 11 January 1978) is an English footballer. He currently plays for Bolton Wanderers in the Football League Championship. 

At the pinnacle of his career, he played for Leicester City, Liverpool and Birmingham City. he later he played for Wigan Athletic and Aston Villa, then Newcastle Jets in the Australian A-League. For a while he was a regular member of the England national team, striking up a good partnership with fellow forward Michael Owen, where he was often deployed as a 'Target Man' due to his immense strength, good first touch and passing skills.

Career statistics

Club

International

International goals

References 

1978 births
Living people
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Black British sportspeople
Liverpool F.C. players
Sportspeople from Leicester
Jan Koller (born March 30 1973) is a Czech football player. He plays for Cannes and Czech Republic national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Sparta Prague||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||6||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|1995/96||23||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||4

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen||rowspan="3"|First Division||31||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||8
|-
|1997/98||33||11||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||11
|-
|1998/99||33||24||5||3||colspan="2"|-||38||27
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Anderlecht||rowspan="2"|First Division||33||20||12||10||colspan="2"|-||45||30
|-
|2000/01||32||22||5||2||13||4||50||28

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||32||11||1||0||13||6||46||17
|-
|2002/03||34||13||colspan="2"|-||12||8||46||21
|-
|2003/04||32||16||colspan="2"|-||3||0||35||16
|-
|2004/05||30||15||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||15
|-
|2005/06||9||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||4
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||32||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||8
|-
|2007/08||18||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||4

|-
|2007/08||Nürnberg||Bundesliga||14||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||2

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Krylia Sovetov Samara||rowspan="2"|Premier League||18||7||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||7
|-
|2009||28||9||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||9

|-
|2009/10||Cannes||Ligue 1||||||||||||||||
29||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||29||5
162||85||22||15||13||4||197||104
151||61||1||0||28||14||180||75
50||12||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||50||12
46||16||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||46||16
438||179||23||15||41||18||502||212
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||10||9
|-
|2000||11||6
|-
|2001||7||0
|-
|2002||9||5
|-
|2003||9||7
|-
|2004||14||6
|-
|2005||6||7
|-
|2006||8||7
|-
|2007||9||4
|-
|2008||7||4
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||91||55
|}

References 

1973 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Rüştü Reçber (born 10 May 1973) is a Turkish football player. He plays for Beşiktaş and Turkey national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Antalyaspor||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1992/93||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1993/94||||33||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="9"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="9"|Süper Lig||9||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1995/96||29||0||11||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|1996/97||28||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
|-
|1997/98||33||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|1998/99||30||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|-
|1999/00||25||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|2000/01||33||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||41||0
|-
|2001/02||30||0||12||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2002/03||24||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||0

|-
|2003/04||Barcelona||La Liga||4||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||7||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||29||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0||35||0
|-
|2005/06||17||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2006/07||8||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Beşiktaş||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||22||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|2008/09||28||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
380||0||66||0||6||0||452||0
4||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||7||0
384||0||66||0||9||0||459||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||11||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||7||0
|-
|2000||9||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||13||0
|-
|2003||13||0
|-
|2004||12||0
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
|2006||10||0
|-
|2007||2||0
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||119||0
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Turkish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
FC Barcelona players
Darren Kenneth Matthews (born May 10, 1968) also known by his ring name William Regal, is an English professional wrestler, currently signed to the World Wrestling Entertainment where he is the commissioner of the NXT brand.

References

Matthews, Darren and Chandler, Neil (2005) Walking a Golden Mile, Pocket Books ()

1968 births
Living people
All Elite Wrestling alumni
English professional wrestlers
WWE wrestlers
Bryan Robson is a former football player born on 11 January 1957. He has played for England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="8"|West Bromwich Albion||rowspan="2"|Second Division||3||2
|-
|1975-76||16||1
|-
|1976-77||rowspan="6"|First Division||23||8
|-
|1977-78||35||3
|-
|1978-79||41||7
|-
|1979-80||35||9
|-
|1980-81||40||10
|-
|1981-82||5||0
|-
|1981-82||rowspan="13"|Manchester United||rowspan="11"|First Division||32||5
|-
|1982-83||33||10
|-
|1983-84||33||12
|-
|1984-85||33||9
|-
|1985-86||21||7
|-
|1986-87||30||7
|-
|1987-88||36||11
|-
|1988-89||34||4
|-
|1989-90||20||2
|-
|1990-91||17||1
|-
|1991-92||27||4
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Premier League||14||1
|-
|1993-94||15||1
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="2"|Middlesbrough||First Division||25||1
|-
|1995-96||Premier League||0||0
568||115
568||115
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1980||5||0
|-
|1981||9||1
|-
|1982||12||5
|-
|1983||3||3
|-
|1984||10||5
|-
|1985||10||2
|-
|1986||5||2
|-
|1987||7||3
|-
|1988||11||1
|-
|1989||10||4
|-
|1990||5||0
|-
|1991||3||0
|-
!Total||90||26
|}

References

1957 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Manchester United F.C. players
Sportspeople from County Durham
Premier League players
Robbie Fowler (born 9 April 1975) is an English former professional football player.

Club career statistics
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="9"|Liverpool||rowspan="9"|Premier League||28||12||1||0||5||6||0||0||34||18
|-
|1994/95||42||25||7||2||8||4||0||0||57||31
|-
|1995/96||38||28||7||6||4||2||4||0||53||36
|-
|1996/97||32||18||1||1||4||5||7||7||44||31
|-
|1997/98||20||9||1||0||4||3||3||1||28||13
|-
|1998/99||25||14||2||1||2||1||6||2||35||18
|-
|1999/00||14||3||0||0||0||0||0||0||14||3
|-
|2000/01||27||8||5||2||5||6||11||1||48||17
|-
|2001/02||10||3||0||0||0||0||7||1||17||4
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||22||12||1||0||0||0||0||0||23||12
|-
|2002/03||8||2||1||0||0||0||1||0||10||2
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Manchester City||rowspan="4"|Premier League||13||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||13||2
|-
|2003/04||31||7||4||1||2||1||4||1||41||10
|-
|2004/05||32||10||0||0||1||1||0||0||33||11
|-
|2005/06||4||1||1||3||0||0||0||0||5||4
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||13||5||0||0||0||0||2||0||15||5
|-
|2006/07||16||3||0||0||3||2||2||2||20||7
|-
|-
|2007/08||Cardiff City||League Championship||13||4||0||0||3||2||0||0||16||6
|-
|2008/09||Blackburn Rovers||Premier League||3||0||0||0||3||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2009/10||North Queensland Fury||A-League||||||||||||||||||||
390||165||31||16||44||33||47||15||510||230
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
390||165||31||16||44||33||47||15||510||230
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1996||5||0
|-
|1997||2||2
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
!Total||26||7
|}

References 

1975 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Premier League players
Hernán Crespo (born 5 July 1975) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Parma.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|River Plate||rowspan="3"|Primera División||25||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0||28||13
|-
|1994/95||18||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2||22||7
|-
|1995/96||19||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||10||32||16

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Parma||rowspan="4"|Serie A||27||12||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||12
|-
|1997/98||25||12||2||0||colspan="2"|-||8||2||35||14
|-
|1998/99||30||16||7||6||colspan="2"|-||8||6||45||28
|-
|1999/00||34||22||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||3||42||25
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||32||26||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||2||39||28
|-
|2001/02||22||13||4||4||colspan="2"|-||7||3||33||20
|-
|2002/03||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||18||7||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||9||30||16

|-
|2003/04||Chelsea||Premier League||19||10||0||0||2||0||10||2||31||12

|-
|2004/05||Milan||Serie A||28||11||1||1||colspan="2"|-||10||6||39||18
|-
|2005/06||Chelsea||Premier League||30||10||5||1||1||0||5||2||41||13

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||29||14||4||4||colspan="2"|-||6||1||39||19
|-
|2007/08||19||4||5||2||colspan="2"|-||5||1||29||7
|-
|2008/09||14||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||17||2
|-
|2009/10||Genoa||Serie A||16||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||4||2||21||7
|-
|2009/10||Parma||Serie A||||||||||||||||||||
62||24||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||12||82||36
294||144||31||17||colspan="2"|-||73||33||398||196
49||20||5||1||3||0||15||4||71||25
405||188||36||18||3||0||108||51||550||257
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||9||3
|-
|1998||3||3
|-
|1999||4||1
|-
|2000||8||4
|-
|2001||6||6
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
|2003||5||3
|-
|2004||4||1
|-
|2005||7||6
|-
|2006||6||3
|-
|2007||5||3
|-
!Total||64||35
|}

References 

1975 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Kevin Keegan (born 14 February 1951) is a former English football player. He played for the England national team in the 1970s.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1968–69||rowspan="3"|Scunthorpe United||rowspan="3"|Fourth Division||33||2||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|1969–70||46||6||7||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||54||9
|-
|1970–71||45||10||6||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||52||11
|-
|1971–72||rowspan="6"|Liverpool||rowspan="6"|First Division||35||9||3||2||1||0||3||0||42||11
|-
|1972–73||41||13||4||0||8||5||11||4||64||22
|-
|1973–74||42||12||9||6||6||1||4||0||61||19
|-
|1974–75||33||10||2||1||3||0||3||1||41||12
|-
|1975–76||41||12||2||1||3||0||11||3||57||16
|-
|1976–77||38||12||8||4||2||0||8||4||56||20

|-
|1977–78||rowspan="3"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||25||6||4||4||colspan="2"|-||4||2||33||12
|-
|1978–79||34||17||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||17
|-
|1979–80||31||9||3||0||colspan="2"|-||9||2||43||11
|-
|1980–81||rowspan="2"|Southampton||rowspan="2"|First Division||27||11||4||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||12
|-
|1981–82||41||26||1||1||2||1||4||2||48||30
|-
|1982–83||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Second Division||37||21||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||21
|-
|1983–84||41||27||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||44||28
500||171||50||19||36||9||44||14||720||245
90||32||8||4||colspan="2"|-||13||4||111||40
590||203||58||23||36||9||57||18||831||285
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1972||1||0
|-
|1973||1||0
|-
|1974||7||2
|-
|1975||8||2
|-
|1976||9||2
|-
|1977||8||2
|-
|1978||6||3
|-
|1979||8||5
|-
|1980||6||3
|-
|1981||5||1
|-
|1982||4||1
|-
!Total||63||21
|}

References 

1951 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
People from South Yorkshire
Ballon d'Or winners
Robert William "Bob" Howard (born January 29, 1963) better known by his ring name Hardcore Holly, is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his 15-year job he had with  World Wrestling Entertainment.

While in WWF/E, Holly has held the WWF/E Hardcore Championship six times, the WWF/E Tag Team Championship three times (with the 1-2-3 Kid, Crash Holly and Cody Rhodes), and the NWA World Tag Team Championship once with Bart Gunn.

American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from California
1963 births
Living people
People from Glendale, California
Raúl González Blanco (born 27 June 1977) is a retired Spanish football player.

Path

Raúl started his career as a professional football player at Real Madrid. He has won three UEFA Champions Leagues, six Spanish leagues, four Spanish Super Cups, one UEFA Super Cup and two Intercontinental Cups. At the moment, he is the top scorer at European competitions.

Club career statistics
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="16"|Real Madrid||rowspan="16"|La Liga||37||25||2||1||colspan="2"|-||30||26
|-
|1995/96||40||19||2||1||8||6||50||26
|-
|1996/97||42||24||5||1||colspan="2"|-||47||25
|-
|1997/98||35||10||1||0||12||2||48||12
|-
|1998/99||37||25||2||0||8||3||47||28
|-
|1999/00||34||17||4||0||16||11||54||28
|-
|2000/01||36||24||0||0||12||7||48||31
|-
|2001/02||35||14||6||6||13||6||54||26
|-
|2002/03||31||16||2||0||12||9||45||25
|-
|2003/04||35||11||7||6||9||2||51||19
|-
|2004/05||32||9||1||0||10||4||43||13
|-
|2005/06||27||5||0||0||6||2||33||7
|-
|2006/07||35||7||1||0||7||5||43||12
|-
|2007/08||37||18||1||0||8||5||46||23
|-
|2008/09||37||18||1||3||7||3||45||24
|-
|2009/10||30||5||2||0||7||2||39||7

|-
|2010/11||rowspan="2"|FC Schalke 04||rowspan="2"|1. Bundesliga||34||13||4||1||12||5||51||19
|-
|2011/12||32||15||3||2||11||4||47||21
550||228||37||18||132||66||719||312
550||228||37||18||132||66||719||312
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1996||4||1
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||10||4
|-
|1999||9||10
|-
|2000||11||3
|-
|2001||9||5
|-
|2002||9||6
|-
|2003||10||8
|-
|2004||13||3
|-
|2005||12||2
|-
|2006||9||2
|-
!Total||102||44
|}

References 

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Madrid
Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo OIH (born 4 November 1972) is a former Portuguese football player. He had played for Portugal national team and last played for Inter Milan.

In July 2000, Figo moved from Barcelona to their rivals Real Madrid for €62 million which was a world record fee at the time. This made Barcelona fans angry and they felt that he had betrayed them. When he played his first game back at Camp Nou, Barcelona fans hung banners with words like "Judas" and "traitor", shouted insults and threw objects at him including a pig's head.

Career Statistics

=Club Career

International Career

|-
|1991||3||0
|-
|1992||7||1
|-
|1993||5||0
|-
|1994||5||2
|-
|1995||6||1
|-
|1996||9||2
|-
|1997||7||2
|-
|1998||6||0
|-
|1999||9||4
|-
|2000||13||6
|-
|2001||9||9
|-
|2002||10||0
|-
|2003||10||3
|-
|2004||11||1
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||10||1
|-
!Total||127||32
|}

International goals
Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first.

Honours

Club
Sporting CP
 Taça de Portugal: 1994–95
Barcelona
 La Liga: 1997–98, 1998–99
 Copa del Rey: 1997, 1998
 Supercopa de España: 1996
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1997
 UEFA Super Cup: 1997

Real Madrid
 La Liga: 2000–01, 2002–03
 Supercopa de España: 2001, 2003
 UEFA Champions League: 2002
 UEFA Super Cup: 2002
 Intercontinental Cup: 2002

Inter Milan
 Serie A: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
 Coppa Italia: 2006
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2006, 2008
Individual
 UEFA Under-21 Championship Golden Player: 1994
 Portuguese Golden Ball: 1994
 Sporting CP Player of the Year: 1994
 Portuguese Footballer of the Year: 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
 ESM Team of the Year: 1997–98, 1999-00
 La Liga Foreign Player of the Year: 1999, 2000, 2001
 UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2000, 2004
 World Soccer (magazine) Player of the Year: 2000
 Ballon d'Or: 2000
 FIFA World Player of the Year: 2001
 FIFA World Player of the Year – Silver Award: 2000
 UEFA Team of the Year: 2003
 UEFA Champions League top assist provider: 2004–05
 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2006
 Inter Milan Player of the Year: 2006
 FIFA 100
 Golden Foot: 2011, as football legend
 IFFHS Legends

Orders
  Officer of the Order of Prince Henry
  Knight of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Braganza)

References
References 

1972 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Ballon d'Or winners
FC Barcelona players
Portugal at UEFA Euro 1996
Portugal at UEFA Euro 2000
Portugal at the 2002 FIFA World Cup
Portugal at UEFA Euro 2004
Portugal at the 2006 FIFA World Cup
Rudolf "Rudi" Völler (; born 13 April 1960), nicknamed "Tante Käthe" ("Aunt Käthe"), is a German former professional football player and manager who serves as the sporting director for Bayer Leverkusen.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Völler goal.

Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Werder Bremen 
Bundesliga: runner-up: 1984–85, 1985–86

Roma 
Coppa Italia: 1990–91
UEFA Cup runner-up: 1990–91

Marseille 
UEFA Champions League: 1992–93

Germany 
FIFA World Cup: 1990; runner-up: 1986
UEFA European Championship runner-up: 1992

Individual
UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship Golden Player: 1982
2. Bundesliga Top Goalscorer: 1981–82
Bundesliga Top Goalscorer: 1982–83
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1994–95
Footballer of the Year (Germany): 1983
UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament: 1984
UEFA Cup Top Goalscorer: 1990–91
A.S. Roma Hall of Fame: 2014
Manager
Germany
FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2002

References

Other websites

 Rudi Völler at leverkusen.com
 Legends – Rudi Völler  German Documentary
 
 

1960 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Hanau
German footballers
German football managers
1986 FIFA World Cup players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
Association football forwards
Freddy Adu (born June 2, 1989) is an American soccer player from Ghana. He plays for Aris Thessaloniki and the American national team.

Career statistics

Club

International

References 

1989 births
Living people
American soccer players
Ghanaian footballers
Eamon Martin Dunphy (born 3 August 1945) is an Irish professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team.

References

1945 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Sportspeople from Dublin
Murat Yakin (; born 15 September 1974) is a former football player. He has played for Switzerland national team. He is the manager of Switzerland national football team since 2021.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992-93||rowspan="5"|Grasshopper Zürich||rowspan="5"|Super League||18||1
|-
|1993-94||29||3
|-
|1994-95||18||2
|-
|1995-96||8||3
|-
|1996-97||28||8

|-
|1997-98||Stuttgart||Bundesliga||23||2

|-
|1998-99||rowspan="2"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||23||3
|-
|1999-00||3||0

|-
|1999-00||Basel||Super League||12||1

|-
|2000-01||Kaiserslautern||Bundesliga||9||0

|-
|2000-01||rowspan="6"|Basel||rowspan="6"|Super League||11||1
|-
|2001-02||32||7
|-
|2002-03||26||6
|-
|2003-04||20||7
|-
|2004-05||13||3
|-
|2005-06||1||0
216||42
32||2
26||3
274||47
|}

International career statistics

|-
!Total||49||4
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Swiss football managers
Sportspeople from Basel
FC Thun managers
Switzerland at UEFA Euro 2004
Switzerland at the 2022 FIFA World Cup
Salmonella is a genus of bacteria. It is a major cause of illness throughout the world. The bacteria are generally passed on to humans by eating or drinking food of animal origin which has the bacteria in it, mainly meat, poultry, eggs and milk. Bacteria from the genus Salmonella can cause diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera and typhus. These bacteria are zoonotic, meaning they can infect both animals and humans. 

Salmonella is closely related to the Escherichia genus and are found worldwide in cold- and warm-blooded animals (including humans), and in the environment. They cause illnesses like typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness.

Salmonella is also extremely dangerous, and like most diseases, weaker humans like the old and young could easily die from it. Salmonella can only be killed in food by cooking at high temperatures. This is called denaturation.

References

Gram-negative bacteria
Paul Sturrock is a former football player. He has played for Dundee United and Scotland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="15"|Dundee United||Division One||12||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0||13||6
|-
|1975-76||rowspan="14"|Premier Division||17||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||27||5
|-
|1976-77||36||15||1||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||17
|-
|1977-78||33||3||4||1||8||3||2||1||47||8
|-
|1978-79||33||6||1||0||2||1||2||0||38||7
|-
|1979-80||33||4||2||1||9||6||4||0||48||11
|-
|1980-81||35||13||7||1||11||9||4||0||57||23
|-
|1981-82||31||15||5||2||11||6||7||1||54||24
|-
|1982-83||28||8||1||0||9||7||7||1||45||16
|-
|1983-84||17||4||3||2||2||0||5||0||27||6
|-
|1984-85||30||14||6||2||6||2||6||2||48||20
|-
|1985-86||31||8||5||2||5||0||5||3||46||13
|-
|1986-87||30||6||6||0||3||0||11||0||50||6
|-
|1987-88||9||3||colspan="2"|-||3||2||3||2||15||7
|-
|1988-89||9||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||1
384||109||48||12||79||38||60||11||571||170
384||109||48||12||79||38||60||11||571||170
|}
International career statistics

|-
|1981||4||1
|-
|1982||6||1
|-
|1983||3||0
|-
|1984||2||1
|-
|1985||0||0
|-
|1986||4||0
|-
|1987||1||0
|-
!Total||20||3
|}

References

1956 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
Aberdeenshire
Avi Ran () was an football player. He has played for Maccabi Haifa and Israel national team. He was killed in a boat accident in the Sea of Galilee.

Club career statistics

|-
|1981-82||rowspan="6"|Maccabi Haifa||rowspan="6"|Liga Leumit||30||0
|-
|1982-83||30||0
|-
|1983-84||30||0
|-
|1984-85||25||0
|-
|1985-86||10||0
|-
|1986-87||20||0
145||0
145||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
!Total||9||0
|}

References

1963 births
1987 deaths
Association football goalkeepers
Israeli footballers
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Mark Viduka (born 9 October 1975) is an Australian football player. He has played for Australia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Melbourne Knights||rowspan="3"|National Soccer League||4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2
|-
|1993/94||21||17||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||17
|-
|1994/95||24||21||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||21
|-

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Croatia Zagreb||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||27||12||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||12
|-
|1996/97||25||18||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||18
|-
|1997/98||25||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||8
|-
|1998/99||7||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Celtic||rowspan="2"|Premier League||9||5||2||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||8
|-
|1999/00||28||25||1||0||4||1||4||1||37||27
|-
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Leeds United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||34||17||2||1||1||0||16||4||53||22
|-
|2001/02||33||11||1||1||1||1||7||3||42||17
|-
|2002/03||33||20||4||2||1||0||2||0||40||22
|-
|2003/04||30||11||1||1||0||0||0||0||31||12
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||rowspan="3"|Premier League||16||5||0||0||1||0||4||2||21||7
|-
|2005/06||27||7||5||2||2||1||9||6||43||16
|-
|2006/07||29||14||7||5||1||0||0||0||37||19
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||7||2||0||0||0||0||0||28||7
|-
|2008/09||12||0||0||0||0||0||0||12||0
49||40||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||49||40
84||40||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||84||40
37||30||3||3||4||1||4||1||48||35
240||92||22||12||7||2||38||15||307||121
410||202||25||15||11||3||42||16||488||236
|}

International career statistics
|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||10||2
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||3||1
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||7||3
|-
|2006||6||0
|-
|2007||6||5
|-
!Total||43||11
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Baichung Bhutia (born 15 December 1976) is an former Indian professional footballer.   He played for the India national football team.

Bhutia retired from international competition in 2011.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||||||
|-
|1994/95||||||
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|JCT Mills||||||
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|I-League||20||14
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||16||8
|-
|1998/99||15||7

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Bury||rowspan="3"|Second Division||14||2
|-
|2000/01||20||1
|-
|2001/02||3||0

|-
|2002/03||Mohun Bagan||I-League||11||6

|-
|2003||Perak||Premier 1||8||4

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||rowspan="2"|I-League||20||12
|-
|2004/05||18||9

|-
|2005||Selangor||Super League||5||1
|-
|2005/06||East Bengal||rowspan="6"|I-League||16||12
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Mohun Bagan||12||4
|-
|2007/08||16||9
|-
|2008/09||||
|-
|2009/10||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||||
|-
|2010/11||||
|-
|2011/12||rowspan="2"|United Sikkim||rowspan="2"|I-League 2nd Div.||
|-
|2012/13||||
144||81
37||3
13||5
194||89
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1995||||
|-
|1996||||
|-
|1997||||
|-
|1998||||
|-
|1999||||
|-
|2000||||
|-
|2001||5||2
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||3||2
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||3||2
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
|2007||7||3
|-
|2008||11||5
|-
|2009||5||3
|-
!Total||||
|}

Honours
 Arjuna Award,1998
 He played extremely well but now is retired.
 Banga Bhushan award in 2014

References 

1976 births
Living people
Indian footballers
Matthew Le Tissier is a former football player. He has played for Southampton and England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986-87||rowspan="16"|Southampton||rowspan="6"|First Division||24||6
|-
|1987-88||19||0
|-
|1988-89||28||9
|-
|1989-90||35||20
|-
|1990-91||35||19
|-
|1991-92||32||16
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="10"|Premier League||40||15
|-
|1993-94||38||25
|-
|1994-95||41||20
|-
|1995-96||34||7
|-
|1996-97||31||13
|-
|1997-98||26||11
|-
|1998-99||30||7
|-
|1999-00||18||3
|-
|2000-01||8||1
|-
|2001-02||4||0
443||172
443||172
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||5||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
!Total||8||0
|}

References

1968 births
Living people
English footballers
Guernsey sportspeople
Amarok is a music player for the KDE desktop environment. Unlike most KDE programs, it has its own schedule for releasing versions, so a new version of Amarok might not be released when a new version of KDE comes out. Amarok's first stable version was released in 2003. They are now on version 2.4.3.

Features 

Amarok cannot play videos. However, it can play most sound and music files in a large range of formats, like MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and WMA. Amarok also includes an internet radio tuner, and supports submitting a listener's music preferences to Last.fm. It can sync music to most MP3 players, like the iPod or ZEN.

Versions

Amarok was updated to version 2 along with the major upgrade of KDE3 to KDE4.  The newer KDE4 version of Amarok is still missing some features when compared with the previous KDE3 version, but it does have some new features not included with the earlier one.
Many users of KDE3 Amarok believed it was the best software music player of any platform (Windows, Mac, Linux), and it had a great and loyal following.  This loyalty has faded somewhat since the KDE4 release, though Amarok developers are still working hard to make certain the newer Amarok meets and exceeds all users' expectations.

References

KDE
Caesar or Cæsar may mean:

Ancient Rome 
 Caesar (title), a title used by Roman Emperors and also Ottoman Turkish Emperors, related as well to "Tsar" and "Kaiser"

Roman Gens Julia 
 Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC–44 BC) Roman general and dictator, hence
 Julius Caesar (play), a tragedy by William Shakespeare
 Julius Caesar (mini), a 2002 mini-series about Caesar, directed by Uli Edel
 Gaius Julius Caesar, father of the dictator
 Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman Emperor, nephew and adoptive son of the dictator
 Other members of the Julii Caesares, the family from which the dictator came

Culture 
 Caesars Casino, part of Harrah's Entertainment
 Caesars Palace, a number of hotel/casino resorts
 Caesars Windsor, a casino in Windsor Ontario, Canada

Food 
 Caesar (cocktail), a cocktail made with vodka and Clamato that is popular primarily in Canada  
 The Caesar salad, a salad named after Caesar Cardini
 Little Caesars, a pizza restaurant chain
Science 
 Caesar cipher, an encryption technique used by the Roman dictator on military campaigns
 Caesarean section, a surgical procedure to deliver a baby when a normal birth is difficult.
Ignoratio elenchi (also known as irrelevant conclusion or irrelevant thesis) is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may in itself be valid, but does not address the issue in question. "Ignoratio elenchi" can be roughly translated by ignorance of refutation, that is, ignorance of what a refutation is; "elenchi" is from the Greek , meaning an argument of disproof or refutation. (Some sources give by ignorance of the issues or even by ignoring the issues as a translation of ignoratio elenchi.)

Aristotle believed that an ignoratio elenchi is a mistake made by a questioner while attempting to falsify a respondent's argument. He called it an ignorance of what makes for a refutation. For Aristotle, ignoratio elenchi amounts to ignorance of logic. In fact, Aristotle goes so far as to say that all logical fallacies can be reduced to what he calls ignoratio elenchi.

Modern use limits this term much more narrowly to the kind of mistake described in the first paragraph above.
Red herring
Similar to ignoratio elenchi, a red herring is an argument, given in reply, that does not address the original issue.  Critically, a red herring is a deliberate attempt to change the subject or divert the argument. This is known formally in the English vocabulary as digression which is a neutrally connotated "Red herring".  The actual problem is eclipsed by the process of re-focusing on something else.

Examples
Bill Maher on Scarborough Country

Maher: It's arbitrary, isn't it? If you had been born in Pakistan, you wouldn't be believing in Jesus Christ.  You would have been told another fairy tale and you would have been believing that.

Scarborough: Well, Bill, that's your opinion.

Whether Maher's argument is his opinion or not is irrelevant and does not address the argument made.
"Baseball player Mark McGwire just retired. He's such a nice guy, and he gives a lot of money to all sorts of charities.  Clearly, he will end up in the Hall of Fame."
The conclusion is ignoratio elenchi, since friendliness and charity are not the main qualifications for induction into the Hall of Fame.

"I should not pay a fine for reckless driving. There are actual dangerous criminals on the street, and the police should be chasing them instead of harassing a decent tax-paying citizen like me."
The existence of worse criminals is a secondary issue which has no bearing on whether the driver deserves a fine for recklessness.  If the speaker were deliberately attempting to divert the issue, this would be an example of a red herring. While the argument about how the police should spend their time may have merit, the question of whom the police should prioritize pursuing and the question of what should be done with those the police have caught are separate questions.
"The prime minister's tax policies may be popular, but I suspect he had an affair and is paying the woman to keep quiet. The media should investigate that! "
A red herring, the unrelated alleged affair, attempts to change the subject away from the popular policies.  However, if the original discussion were of the prime minister's public integrity (encompassing both popularity and conduct), this argument could be perfectly valid. Such as if a politician's election campaign revolved around family values. Then an argument about such an affair would be valid, as it is in direct conflict with a family values platform.

References

Other websites
 About.com: Fallacies of relevance 
 Nizkor Project: Red Herring 
 Fallacy Files: Red Herring
 Infidels.org: Ignoratio elenchi
 The Art of Controversy: Diversion   (bilingual with the original German) by Arthur Schopenhauer
 Red herring in political speech
 Ignoratio Elechi on TV Tropes

Red Herring
Logical fallacies

nl:Drogreden#Ignoratio elenchi
An informal fallacy is an logical argument whose  premises fail to support their conclusion. Informal fallacies often come from errors in reasoning.

In contrast to a formal fallacy, the error has to do with issues of inference. Because language is used to state the propositions, natural language allows one to say more than  formal logic can represent. All informal fallacies of deductive reasoning contain a disconnect between the premises and the conclusion. This  makes the argument invalid. The disconnect happens because there is a hidden co-premise. If this co-premise were stated, it would make the argument valid.

Inductive informal fallacies are rather different from their deductive counterparts. Their merit rests in the inductive strength of the premiseconclusion link, not the presence of hidden premises. For instance, the fallacy of hasty generalization, can be roughly stated as:

p) S is a P
p) S is also a Q
c) therefore, all Ps are also Qs
If the populations of P and Q are both too large to sample completely, then the statement is inductive. In such a case, a hasty generalization occurs when the number of Ps and Qs does not represent the respective populations. It is important to distinguish between a principle of reasoning (deductive or inductive) and the premise of an argument.

Some informal fallacies are fallacies of ambiguity. For example:

 Feathers are light. ("light" as "not heavy")
 What is light cannot be dark. ("light" as "containing a lot of white")
 Therefore, feathers cannot be dark.

Equivocations are more difficult to detect in cases where the two meanings are closely related to each other.

References

Other websites
 Logical fallacies A list of logical fallacies, explained.
 An Informal Fallacy Primer 

Logical fallacies
Critical thinking
The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom, that was started in 1833. It was engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

The railway company also ran bus services and owned ships and hotels. In 1948, the government took control of the company and Great Western Railway then was renamed the Western Region of British Railways.

The first railway line built by the Great Western Railway opened in 1838. It started in London and ended in Maidenhead which was  west. By 1841, the area of service had been made much longer and so their trains went farther west to the towns of Reading, Swindon, Bath and Bristol. By 1852, the railway line had become  long and went to Penzance. Penzance railway station is both the farthest south and farthest west in Great Britain.
In 1923, the GWR took over several smaller railways (most of them in Wales) and became one of the Big Four British railway companies. In 1948, Britain's railways were nationalized and the GWR became the Western Region of British Railways.

Related pages 
 Reading railway station

Big Four (British railway companies)
1833 establishments
1948 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1830s establishments in the United Kingdom
A stimulant is any of a group of drugs that can increase alertness and awareness, usually for a short time only. Most stimulants have more side-effects than other drugs. Some are classified as illegal drugs, most can cause addiction. For this reason, most legal stimulants are only available on prescription. Stimulants act on the nerves: Stimulants cause more neurotransmitters to the synapse (this is the gap between different nerves)

Most stimulants fall into one of the following groups:
 Amphetamine and its derivates: Methylphenidate, Methamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine Ephedrine, Ecstasy
 Xanthines: Caffeine, Theophylline, Theobromine
 Piperazine and its derivates: Benzylpiperazine, Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine
 Various others: Cocaine, Nicotine, Modafinil

Some of the substances mentioned above can be used to treat certain diseases. Some are mostly used as illegal drugs.

Psychoactive drugs
Benzylpiperazine, commonly referred to as BZP is an recreational drug. It is also available with trade names such as "A2", "Frenzy" and "Nemesis", It is a stimulant and may cause Euphoria. People believe it works in a way similar to MDMA. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. Side-effects include acute psychosis, problems with the kidneys
Adverse effects have been reported following its use including acute psychosis and seizures. It does not appear to be very addictive and no deaths have been reported following taking BZP once. There have been at least two deaths  which resulted from the combination of BZP and MDMA. Its sale is banned in a few countries, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand and in parts of Europe. However, its legal status is currently less restrictive in some other countries such as Ireland and Canada. The European Union is currently changing its laws to regulate this substance more.

References
References 

Psychoactive drugs
Organonitrogen compounds
The Turkish new lira () is the currency of Turkey and the unrecognised Turkish Northern Republic of Cyprus. The new lira is subdivided into 100 new kurush (yeni kuruş), the equivalent of American Cents or British Pennies. The symbol for the currency is YTL.

In the last few years the Turkish lira stabilised and even rose against the U.S. Dollars and the Euro.

In late December 2003, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law that allowed for the removal of six zeroes from the currency, and the creation of the new lira. It was introduced on 1 January 2005, replacing the previous lira (which remained valid in circulation until the end of 2005) at a rate of 1 new lira = 1,000,000 old lira.

The official name of the currency is "New Turkish Lira". According to the Central Bank, the word "new" (yeni) is only a "temporary" measure. The "new" was be removed on January 1, 2009. The banknotes have "different shapes and sizes to prevent forgery".

References

Currencies of Turkey
Oedipus is a mythical or fictional king in Greek mythology. He is adopted as a baby. Without knowing who they are, he marries his biological mother, Then they have a baby, But before this, he kills his biological father. The psychologist Sigmund Freud had a theory and he called it the Oedipus complex, after this story.

Oedipus Tyranos, or Oedipus the King, is a well-known tragedy by Sophocles.

Oedipus has 4 children, Antigone, Polynices, Ismene and Eteocles. All of these are by his mother Jocasta. Later, they find out they are related to each other. Jocasta hangs herself and Oedipus rips out his eyes in disgust.

Incest in fiction
People in Greek mythology
Gundam is the collective name for all the different Japanese anime series about giant fighting robots called Mobile Suits. There are many series, movies, comic books and video games based on the Gundam franchise. Gundam started what is called the Real Robot genre of anime, where the robots are more like machines than in Super Robot anime.

Anime
Self-injury (SI) or self-harm (SH) occurs when a person hurts their body on purpose. This kind of harm is not suicidal behavior. Many self-harmers hurt themselves because they feel it is the only way to stay alive. However, in some cases the self-harm becomes so bad it can lead to death, and those who self-harm are more likely to commit suicide than those who do not.

There are many different reasons why a person may hurt themselves, though it is often hard to find an exact cause. Sometimes, the self-harm helps relieve unbearable emotions, or feelings of unreality or numbness. Self-harm is often a symptom of other problems. These problems may include physical abuse, sexual abuse, or eating disorders. Self-harm may also stem from mental problems such as low self esteem or perfectionism.

Studying the causes of self-injury can be difficult or inaccurate, because many self-harmers try to hide their injuries.

Types of self-injury
Self-injury is a general term that includes many different types of deliberate harm to the body. There are many things that can be considered self-harm. If someone works their body too hard, for example, this can be seen as a mild form of self-injury. In other mild cases, a self-harmer may purposely pick off scabs to keep cuts or scratches from healing. Compulsive hair-pulling (trichotillomania) and compulsive skin-picking (dermotillomania) are impulse control disorders which are also mild forms of self-harm. 

In more severe cases, a self-harmer could break or sprain a bone, or lose a dangerous amount of blood. Biting, burning, and cutting are other forms of self-injury. Overdosing on medication is another common type of self-harm.