Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Mrs Beeton (born Isabella Mary Mayson, 12 March 1836 – 6 February 1865) was known around the world as Mrs Beeton. She was the English author of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, and is one of the most famous cookbook writers.

Background
Isabella was born at 24 Milk Street, Cheapside, London, England. Her father, Benjamin Mayson, died when she was young and her mother, Elizabeth Jerram later married Henry Dorling, who was a widower and he had four children of his own. They lived in Epsom, Surrey where Henry was  Clerk of Epsom Racecourse. Isabella was sent to school in Heidelberg, Germany, where she became a very good pianist. When she finished school, she went back to Epsom.
Marriage and career
Isabella's husband, Samuel Orchart Beeton, was also born in Milk Street. Even after the move to Epsom the two mothers of Samuel and Isabella kept talking to one another. On a visit to London, Isabella was introduced to Samuel Beeton who had become a publisher of books and popular magazines.  They married on 10 July 1856 at Epsom Parish Church. In August of that year they moved into their first home, a large Italianate property at 2 Chandos Villas on the Woodridings Estate in Hatch End.

Their first child, Samuel Orchart, was born in May 1857 but he died of croup in August of that year. In September 1859, another son was born, and his name was also Samuel Orchart.

During Isabella's time in Hatch End she began to write articles on cooking and how to manage a house for her husband's publications. In 1859–1861, she wrote something every month for The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine. In October 1861, the writings were published as a single book, The Book of Household Management.
The Beetons left Hatch End in the autumn of 1861. In December of that year their son became sick with scarlet fever while on holiday in Brighton. He died on New Year's Eve. Mrs. Beeton gave birth to two other sons, Orchart (on New Year's Eve in 1863) and Mayson Moss (in January 1865).

Book of Household Management

The book was very well known as Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, it was a guide to running a Victorian household, with advice on fashion, child care, animal husbandry, poisons, the management of servants, science, religion, and industrialism.
The book had 1,112 pages, and over 900 of the pages were recipes. Because many of the pages were recipes, it became known as Mrs Beeton's Cookbook. Most of the recipes were illustrated with colored pictures, and it was the first book to show recipes in a way that is still used today. It is said that many of the recipes were actually taken from earlier writers (including Eliza Acton), but the Beetons never claimed that the book's contents were original. It was supposed to be a guide of reliable information for the middle class people. Mrs Beeton is described better as the books compiler and editor than as its author, because many of the passages were not in her own words.

Early death 
The day after the birth of her fourth child, in January 1865, Isabella became sick with puerperal fever. She died a week later at the age of 28. Her widower lived for another twelve years. He died of tuberculosis in June 1877 at the age of 46.

The couple are buried in West Norwood Cemetery in Lambeth under a simple headstone.
Bibliography 
 Susan Watkin: Know Your Onions or Mrs Beeton’s Hinterland, Lulu Press, 2006. 
 Kathryn Hughes: The Short Life and Long Times of Mrs Beeton, 2005, 
 Margaret Beetham:A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800-1914. London, 1996. 
 Michael Hurd: Mrs Beeton’s Book, a Music-Hall Guide to Victorian Living, London, 1984.
 Sarah Freeman: Isabella and Sam: The Story of Mrs Beeton, London: Victor Gollancz, 1977. 
 Elizabeth David: Isabella Beeton and Her Book, in: Wine and Food, Spring 1961.
 H. Montgomery Hyde: Mr. and Mrs. Beeton, London: George S. Harrap & Co, 1951. 
 Nancy Spain: Mrs. Beeton and her husband by her grand niece, London: Collins, 1948. Later: Beeton Story (1956).

Other websites
 Online edition of Household Management 
 
Searchable online version of Beeton's Book of Household Management 
 Guardian article on "plagiarism"

References

1836 births
1865 deaths
British chefs
Food writers
Writers from London
Fleury-les-Aubrais is a commune of the Loiret department in the northern part of France.

Other websites
 Official website 

Fleurylesaubrais
The South Region of Brazil () is one of the five geographical regions of Brazil defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 1969. It includes the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.

Geography 
The South Region has an area of , the smallest region of the country.

It is the only region of Brazil located outside the tropical zone, with clear variations about the seasons. In winter there are frosts and rarely snow. The relief is just a bit hilly, with a predominance of a large plateau, in general low.

It borders to the north with the Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo states; to the east with the Atlantic Ocean; to the south with Uruguay states; and to west with Argentina and Paraguay.

Hydrography 

The hydrography of Southern Brazil can be classified in three great regions of Watersheds: the Paraná River, the Uruguay River and the Southeast Brazil Rivers.
The rivers of the southern region are availed for navigation, irrigation agriculture, urban water supply and power generation. The most important rivers are voluminous and have great hydroelectric potential. The Itaipu Dam, on the Parana River, is exploring the potential for power generation in the region. This operation allows the South and the Southeast an increasing use of electricity for domestic and industrial use.

Relief 

The relief of the region is characterized by many plateaus that rises at altitudes up to more than 1,000 meters above sea level, decreasing to the west. Covering about 3/4 parts of the regional relief, this set is called Southern Plateau of Brazil and breaks down into plateaus that go from east to west.

The highest point of the different states of the South Region are:
Climate 
Only Brazilian region located almost entirely in a subtropical climate, the South is the coldest area of Brazil, with frost and even, in some places, the snowfall. The seasons are well defined and the rains are evenly distributed over the year.

Southern Brazil has subtropical or temperate climate. The annual average temperatures vary between 12 °C (53.6 °F) and 22 °C (71.6 °F). Frost is very common and can snow in some mountain ranges.

States 
This region is formed by three states: Paraná, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.

Panorama 

What most characterizes the South is the way it was colonized and kind of colonizers received. Received short black slaves, but many Caucasian immigrants. The Europeans gave the population the predominance of white skin color, gave to the landscape marks of their original countries and introduced the system of medium and small farms.
The southern region has good social indicators : it has the highest HDI in Brazil (0.831), and the third highest GDP per capita of the country. The region is also, 94.8% of the population.

The region is highly urbanized (82%) and many cities are famous for their urban planning, like Curitiba and Maringá. It has a  relatively high standard of living in many aspects, with the highest Human Development Index of Brazil, 0.859 (2007), and the second highest per capita income of the country, $13.396. The region is also the most literate, 94% literacy rate.

Some places in the region must be emphasized, such as the Iguaçu Falls, (Natural Heritage and one of the New7Wonders of Nature) and the Ruins of St. Michael of the Missions (Cultural Heritage); the Itaipu Dam, elected the as one of the seven modern Wonders of the World); the winter cities on mountains of the SC and RS; and the Botanical Garden of Curitiba, Southern Brazil greatest icon.
History 
The first inhabitants of southern Brazil are the indigenous people. Then came the Spanish Jesuit priests to evangelize the Indians and dominate the land. The pioneers of São Paulo attacked the missions to arrest the Indians. So, the Jesuits and the Indians abandoned the place and the cattle got loose in the fields. The São Paulo pioneers became interested in the trade of cattle. On the way through which the troops passed villages have emerged. For many years, the Portuguese and Spaniards fought over land in the region.

The population of the South has grown with the arrival of the first European immigrants in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Germans, Italians, Poles, Ukrainians immigrated to the region, which also received Japanese, Arabs and Jews.

Demographics 

, the South Region had a population of 29,439,773, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.
The capital of Paraná state, Curitiba, has the largest population and also the largest economy, and the capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, has the largest metropolitan area.

The 10 municipalities of the South Region with more inhabitants are:

Racial groups 

The region received large numbers of European immigrants during the 19th century, who have had a large influence on its demography and culture. The main ethnic origins of Southern Brazil are Portuguese, Italian, and German.

Portuguese, the official language of Brazil, is spoken by the entire population. But in some places dialects of German or Italian origins are also spoken; some villages even use the language of immigrants. In Porto Alegre and Curitiba there are some Yiddish speakers.

Tourism 

The region has as main tourist attractions their natural beauty, beaches, historical cities and their European colonies, and the well-defined seasons, characterized by the severe winter.
In Paraná, the Iguassu Falls receive thousands of tourists every year, being the main destination for foreigners in the region. The state also has a geological site of approximately 340 million years, with huge rock formations. The capital, Curitiba, was considered the best southern city for tourism
.

In Santa Catarina the beaches receive many visitors, and the winter colonies in the state.

The Rio Grande do Sul state - like Santa Catarina - attracts tourists in winter to the cities in mountain, where the cold is intense.

Gallery

References 

Regions of Brazil
Edmund Rüdiger Stoiber, German pronunciation: ˈɛtmʊnt ˈʃtɔʏbɐ, (born 28 September 1941) is a German politician. He used to be the Minister-President of the state of Bavaria and the leader of the Christian Social Union party (CSU). On 18 January 2007, he said he no longer wanted to be minister-president and party leader by 30 September, after having been criticized by his own party for weeks.

Early life
Edmund Stoiber was born in Oberaudorf in the district of Rosenheim, Bavaria.  Before he became a member of the Bavarian parliament in 1974, he was a lawyer and worked at the University of Regensburg.  

Stoiber is married to Karin Stoiber. They have three children: Konstanze (1971), Veronika (1977), Dominik (1980) and three grandchildren: Johannes (1999), Benedikt (2001) and Theresa Marie (2005).
Education and profession
Stoiber was a student at Ignaz-Günther-Gymnasium in Rosenheim, where he received his Abitur (high school diploma) in 1961. He served the military with the mountain infantry division but had to leave because he hurt his knee. After his military service, Stoiber studied political science and later law in Munich. In 1967 he passed the state law exam and then worked at the University of Regensburg in criminal law and Eastern European law. He became a doctor of jurisprudence, and then in 1971 passed the second state examination.

Political career
Political career

In 1978 Stoiber was elected secretary general of the CSU, which he stayed until 1982/83. From 1982 to 1986 he was a representative to the Bavarian secretary of the state and then a minister of state from 1982 to 1988. From 1988 to 1993 he was the Bavarian Minister of the Interior and in May 1993, the Bavarian Landtag (parliament) elected him as minister-president.  As such he served as President of the Bundesrat in 1995/96.  In 1998, he was made leader of the CSU.

Running for Chancellor 

In 2002, Stoiber removed the leader of the CDU, Angela Merkel, and was made the joint CDU/CSU's candidate for the office of chancellor, with Gerhard Schröder (SPD) as opponent.
Before the 2002 election, the CSU/CDU was on top of the opinion polls and Stoiber said that "...this election is like a football match where it's the second half and my team is ahead by 2-0", a quote that has become famous. However, on election day things had changed. The SPD had a huge comeback and the CDU/CSU got  less votes. Both the SPD and CDU/CSU had 38.5% of the vote, but the SPD was ahead by 6,000 votes. Gerhard Schröder was elected again as chancellor by the parliament. He joined together with the Green party. Many people think it was Stoiber's reaction to the floods in eastern Germany, shortly before the election, that made his party lose the vote. Also, Schröder made clear that he was against the Iraq war led by the United States. He made the war the main topic in his campaign, which was seen by many people as the changing factor in the weeks before the election.
Outside politics
Stoiber is a great football fan and he supports the FC Bayern Munich. Before the 2002 election FC Bayern's manager Uli Hoeneß said he supported Stoiber and the CSU. Football legend, FC Bayern President and Vice-President of the German Football Association, Franz Beckenbauer, on the other hand, showed his support for Stoiber by letting him join the German national football team on their flight home from Japan after the 2002 FIFA World Cup.

References

Other websites

Official website (German)
Stoiber quotes (in German)  (critic)
Stoiber and the East - Deutsche Welle
Parlazzo Media Awards - Nomination 2007 - 10 Minutes - 10 Minuten (in German) 

1941 births
Living people
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria
The California Aqueduct is a system of aqueducts in the Central Valley in California, in the United States. It carries water from the Cascade Range about  to southern California. Three major  reservoirs are on the aqueduct: Bethany, Castaic, and Silverwood.

Central Valley of California
Water infrastructure
An aqueduct is a man-made channel that carries water from one place to another. Usually, they are used to supply water to cities and towns. They may also carry water for irrigation, or for hydroelectricity. Pipes, canals, tunnels, and bridges that serve this purpose are all called aqueducts. Some aqueducts carry a canal for boats and ships. The word “aqueduct” comes from the Latin words “aqua” (water) and “ducere” (to lead). Aqueducts have been used since ancient times.

List of major aqueducts

Ancient Greek aqueducts 
 The Eupalinian aqueduct on the Greek island of Samos.

Roman aqueducts
Roman aqueducts 

 The Pont du Gard in southern France
 Barbegal aqueduct, France
 Eifel aqueduct, Germany
 Caesarea Maritima, Israel
 Kavala, Greece
 Patras, Greece
 Aqueduct of Segovia, Spain
 Acueducto de los Milagros, Mérida, Spain
 Tarragona, Spain
 Almuñécar, Spain (5 aqueducts - 4 still in use)
 Valens aqueduct, Istanbul, Turkey
 Aqua Augusta, Italy
 Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus, as part of the Porta Maggiore, Rome, Italy
 Skopje aqueduct, Skopje, North Macedonia

Other aqueducts
Other aqueducts 

 Wignacourt Aqueduct, Malta. Built in the 16th century to transport water from the old capital city of Malta, Mdina to the new capital city Valletta. Today, only part is visible in the localities of Balzan, Birkirkara and Santa Venera.
 Aqueduct St-Clément, Montpellier, France - 17th century
 Águas Livres Aqueduct, in Lisbon, Portugal (built 1731-1748)
 Carioca aqueduct in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (built 1744-1750)
 Aqueduct of Teruel, Spain
 Roquefavour aqueduct, France - built between 1842 and 1847
 Winnipeg aqueduct, Manitoba, Canada - built between 1915 and 1919
 Canal de l'aqueduc, Quebec, Canada
 Päijänne water Tunnel, a 120 kilometer long underground aqueduct (continuous tunnel) connecting lake Päijänne to Greater Helsinki.
 Wan Mat Saman aqueduct, Kedah, Malaysia - built between 1900 and 1909
Mathur aqueduct in Tamil Nadu state, India
 Surviving Spanish aqueducts in Mexico:
 Aqueduct of Querétaro, Mexico - built between 1726 and 1738, 1.3 km long and featuring 74 arches.
 Aqueduct of Morelia, Michoacan, built between 1735 and 1738.
 Aqueduct of Acámbaro, Guanajuato, built in 1528  .
 Levadas,  of 17th century aqueducts on the Portuguese island of Madeira.
 Espada aqueduct, built 1735, in San Antonio, Texas, United States.
 Quabbin aqueduct,  long tunnel, in Massachusetts, United States.
 Chicopee Valley aqueduct,  long, in Massachusetts, United States.

 Central Arizona Project Aqueduct
 California aqueduct, a 714 mile long combination of canals, pipelines and tunnels, in the Central Valley of the United States.
 Delaware aqueduct, in New York State, United States - at 85 miles (137 km) long, the world's longest continuous underground tunnel.
 High Bridge, part of the former Croton Aqueduct, built in 1848, is the oldest surviving bridge in New York City.

References 

Water infrastructure
Orange County (established 1889) is one of the counties of California, in the United States. It is in southern California, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Its county seat is Santa Ana, and its largest city is Irvine.

The county has 3,186,989 people, as of 2020, spread across just 948 square miles (2,455 square kilometers). It is the third most populous county in California. The west-flowing Santa Ana River divides the county into north and south parts. On the north, the San Gabriel River forms its border with Los Angeles County. Some other big cities include Anaheim, Orange, Huntington Beach, Fullerton and Irvine. The county is mostly residential.

The highest average income in Orange County is $203,091, in the city of Villa Park. Some famous attractions, such as Disneyland and Knott’s Berry Farm, are in Orange County. The tallest building in Orange County is the 37-story One Broadway Plaza, an unfinished building in Santa Ana. It will be  tall when it is completed.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Orange County’s Changing Politics – slideshow by The New York Times
Orange County, California  on National Association Of Counties
Filming Locations in Orange County 

1889 establishments in the United States
 
1880s establishments in California
České Budějovice ( or ) is a town in the Czech Republic. About 96,000 people live there (2009). It is in the south of the historical region Bohemia. The popular Czech beer, Budweiser Budvar, is made there.

The city is also one of the major settings in the novel "The Good Soldier Švejk" by Jaroslav Hašek.

Twin towns - Sister cities

České Budějovice is twinned with:

 Linz
 Passau
 Suhl
 Lorient
 Nitra
 Gomel
 Almere

Photo gallery

References

Other websites 

 České Budějovice webpage
 Virtual show

Cities in the Czech Republic
South Bohemian Region
Karlovy Vary (German: Karlsbad) is a city in the Czech Republic. As of 2015, about 50,000 people were living there. It is located in the west of the historical region of Bohemia. It is popular for its spa.

The city was in Austria-Hungary, and the people who lived there were mainly German-speaking. Bohemia was transferred to the new state of Czechoslovakia after World War I. The existence of such German-speaking peoples outside of Germany was used by Hitler as a reason to invade the Sudetenland (the German-speaking part of Bohemia and Moravia), which Germany did in 1938. This was a result of the Munich Agreement. This event was a prelude to World War II.

Other websites 

 Karlovy Vary webpage

Spa towns in the Czech Republic
Cities in the Czech Republic
Karlovy Vary Region
Dracophyllum is a genus of shrubs or trees in the family Ericaceae. This genus is very close with genus Richea.

This plants grow in Australia and Oceania; many species grows in mountains. The number of species is more than 60.

The common English name of dracophyllum is the grass tree.

It is evergreen plants with the long leaves in the form of snakes. Flowers are small; its color is white, white-yellow or white-red.

It may be an interest plant for gardens. Fruits of some species are edible.

Other websites 

 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Dracophyllum 
 NCBI: Dracophyllum
 Flora of New Zealand, Manaaki Whenua — Landcare Research Databases
 Tropicos.org

Ericaceae
Plants of New Zealand
Dragonball Evolution is a low budget 2009 American live-action movie based on the Dragon Ball franchise being made by 20th Century Fox. The story follows the adventures of the lead character, Son Goku, around his 18th birthday. The movie began being made in 2002, and is directed，produced and written by James Wong. It was first released in Japan and several other Asian nations on March 13, 2009, and later released in the United States on April 10, 2009.

Justin Chatwin was cast as Goku, and James Marsters is Lord Piccolo, the antagonist of the movie. A video game of the movie, with the same name, will be released in March/April for the PSP.

Reception
Since its release, Dragonball Evolution was universally being rated and commented as the most poor manga adoption ever. On Rotten Tomatoes it scored 15% based on 55 reviews, while on Metacritic it received a rating of 45 out of 100 based on 10 reviews.
The original creator Akira Toriyama felt surprised of this live-action film and suggested to treated it as a different work form his manga.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Official Fox Japan Dragonball Evolution site  
 
 

2009 action movies
Chinese movies
American action movies
20th Century Fox movies
2000s apocalyptic movies
"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" is a short story in The Jungle Book (1894) by Rudyard Kipling about the adventures of a brave young mongoose.  

The story is a favourite of Kipling fans and is notable for its scary and serious tone.  It has often been added to literary collections and has also been published more than once as a short book in its own right.  The story was also adapted into an animated TV special by American animator Chuck Jones in 1975.

British short stories
5335 Damocles is the main asteroid of the Damocloids, asteroids that are inactive comets of the Halley Family and long period comets. It was found in 1991 and named after Damocles, a figure of Greek mythology. 

When Damocles was found, in 1991 by Robert H. McNaught, it was found to be on an orbit that was very different from all others known. Damocles' orbit reached from inside the aphelion (farthest approach from the Sun) of Mars to as far as Uranus. Its orbit seemed to be changing from an almost round outer solar system orbit to a stretched orbit taking it to the inner solar system. Duncan Steel, Gerhard Hahn, Mark Bailey, and David Asher found out what's it's future could be, and found a good chance that it will become an Earth-crosser asteroid, and may spend a quarter of its life in such an orbit. Damocles has a stable orbit for tens of thousands of years before and after the present, because its highly tilted orbit does not take it near Jupiter or Saturn.

The adjective for Damocles is Damoclean, .
It is the namesake for the damocloids

Notes

References 
 AstDys
 
 for JPL Horizons telnet version is most comprehensive

Asteroids
Colusa County is a county in the U.S. state of California. It is by the Sacramento River, in the north part of the Central Valley. Its county seat is Colusa. As of 2020, it has 21,839 people. It covers about .

References

1850 establishments in California
The San Gabriel River is a river in Los Angeles and Orange counties in the state of California. It is about  long. It begins in the San Gabriel Mountains and flows southwest into the Los Angeles Basin, then flows into the Pacific Ocean near Long Beach and Seal Beach. Like the Los Angeles River, it is heavily polluted and is lined with concrete in many places.

Nearby rivers

North along coast
Los Angeles River

South along coast
Santa Ana River

Rivers of Los Angeles County, California
Orange County, California
The Los Angeles River (also called: El Rio De Nuestra Senora La Reina De Los Angeles De Porciuncula or Porciuncula River; Spanish: River of the Angels; informally LA River) is a river flowing through Los Angeles County, California, in the United States. About  long, it flows from Canoga Park south and west to its end at the Long Beach Harbor, in San Pedro Bay, part of the Pacific Ocean. The basin is rimmed by the San Gabriel Mountains, Santa Monica Mountains and Santa Susana Mountains, as well as several smaller mountain ranges. Much of the water that flows in the Los Angeles River flows in from tributaries that come from the mountains.
The river was once free-flowing, winding across a floodplain that occupied much of the Los Angeles Basin. With its frequent floods, it often changed course, causing erosion and depositing silt in other places. When the city of Los Angeles had its first settlers around the 1850s, the river was its main water source. With the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, the Los Angeles River was no longer needed as a water source. Today, the Los Angeles River runs in a fixed course through a concrete channel for nearly its whole length. It is heavily polluted. The primary source of water during summer and fall is the Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant in Van Nuys. Plans for restoration of the river are being discussed.

Watershed
Watershed 

The watershed of the Los Angeles River covers 834 square miles (2,135 square kilometers). The Santa Monica Mountains and smaller Simi Hills border it on the east side. On the west side lies the San Gabriel Mountains and Santa Susana Mountains. Seven major tributaries flow into the Los Angeles River: Burbank Western Channel, Aliso Wash, Tujunga Wash, Verdugo Wash, Arroyo Seco, Compton Creek, and Rio Hondo. 360 square miles (920 square kilometers) of the watershed are open space, while the remaining 474 square miles (1,215 square kilometers) are highly developed with all kinds of land uses.
The river officially begins in a place called Canoga Park, in the San Fernando Valley. Bell Creek and Calabasas Wash (Arroyo Calabasas or Calabasas Creek; Calabasa is Spanish for "pumpkin") flow from opposite sides of the valley to a point () where the Los Angeles River officially begins. At this point, the river already flows in a concrete channel. In times of flood, the channel can move between  per hour to up to 
 or even  per hour.

Tujunga Wash, Aliso Wash, and Brown's Canyon Wash join the river from the left. The river flows on to a basin called the Sepulveda basin, controlled by a dam at its southeastern end. This basin is incredibly rich in wildlife and plants. Normally, there wouldn not be a year-round flow of water here. But because of 75 million gallons of water flowing into the river every day from the Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant, there is an year-round flow of water. This water is not suitable to be drinking water, but is safe to touch.
An important tributary, Verdugo Wash, flows in from the left. The Verdugo Wash begins in the Verdugo Hills and flows west to the Los Angeles River. Uniquely, the intersection of Interstate 5 and Route 134 is located right above this point. The Los Angeles River makes a great bend west around Griffith Park, a big park in the middle of Los Angeles. Here, the river has an earthen bottom, which is unique because most of the river is covered with concrete. Further downstream, there is a place uniquely named "Frogtown" because of the many frogs once found in the river there.  Downstream from this place, the river picks up another important tributary, Arroyo Seco, on the left. (The name "Arroyo Seco" means "dry creek" in Spanish.) The Arroyo Seco begins in the San Gabriel Mountains and flows south to the Los Angeles River. One important feature of the Arroyo Seco is the giant Devil's Gate Dam. The Arroyo Seco is free-flowing in many places.
After flowing a few more miles, the Los Angeles River becomes very wide. The final large tributary, Rio Hondo (Spanish for "deep river") flows in from the left, in the city of South Gate. Notably, the sediment here is over  deep. Here, the threat of floods is always present. In fact, in a flood in 1992, the water was only a few inches below the top of the riverbank. As the river approaches San Pedro Bay and eventually the Pacific Ocean, it passes by the RMS Queen Mary, a retired ocean liner now a museum and hotel.

History
History

Original river 
The Los Angeles River was originally a free-flowing river, running across a wide basin that would periodically flood. The river would have heavy flows in the winter and spring (rainy season) and little to no flow in the summer and fall (dry season). However, water being forced out of an aquifer below the Los Angeles Basin gave parts of the river an year-round flow. This phenomenon can still be seen today, most notably in a place called Griffith Park where water rises out of the ground and feeds the river.
Native American era to Spanish settlement 
The river was used for hundreds of years by pre Columbian natives as a source of drinking water and food. When Spanish explorers came to the area in the 1760s, they named the river the Porciuncula, seeing that it was a good site for a settlement. The full name they gave the river was actually El Río de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciúncula, which translated to English means: The River of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of Porciúncula. (Porciuncula is a small church in Italy.) But they were to soon find out, the Los Angeles River had, and still has, a long history of floods. Many times when the river flooded, it would change course from Ballona Creek, a stream flowing into Santa Monica Bay on the northeast; to its original channel flowing into San Pedro Bay. One big flood in 1825, it left Ballona Creek and flowed into its old channel, and Ballona Creek became a separate,  long waterway. It still is that way today.
Late 1800s to early 1900s 
The city of Los Angeles rose beside the Los Angeles River, inland at the site of the old Spanish settlement. In 1889, San Pedro Bay, the place where the river flows into, was chosen as the city harbor. A series of railroads were needed to connect the city with the port. The most logical route was beside the river, since that was the smoothest land. With the railroads came industry, which rose up all along the lower Los Angeles River. With its disastrous flood history, and the fact that it was too shallow for boats, the river was finally forced into a concrete channel beginning in 1938.
Los Angeles Flood of 1938 
1938 was the same year that a terrible flood struck the region. From February 27 to March 1, 1938, a storm approached the California coast. Over 4.4 inches (11 cm) of rain fell. That was the equivalent of one-fourth the average yearly rainfall in the area. Finally, on 5:45 AM on March 4, the rain ended, and the flood slowly dropped in level. it seemed similar to the earlier flood in 1934. Everyone thought that it was already over, but it was not. 15 hours later, another storm hit Southern California, dumping another 6-10 inches (15–25 cm) of rain. The soils of the region could not take in any more water from the rains of the past few days. The three major rivers in the region, the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and the Santa Ana, burst their levees and flooded three California counties.
It was the 5th largest flood in the recorded history of the area. 5,601 houses were destroyed, 1,500 houses were damaged, and 800 cars were trapped in the mud. But Los Angeles County was not as affected as neighboring Riverside County and Orange County, for it was those two counties that suffered the worst floods.

However, the flood was not as bad as it could have been. Fourteen flood control dams in the mountains and around the Los Angeles area held back huge amounts of water, which would otherwise add to the flood. These dams included the Hansen Dam, Big Tujunga Dam, and San Gabriel No. 1 and No. 2. At its peak, the Los Angeles River's flow was about 38,000 cubic feet (1,076 cubic meters) per second. The  nearby San Gabriel River's flow, though, approached 100,000 cubic feet (2,832 cubic meters) per second. Most flooded of all was the "crazy-mad" Santa Ana River, which looked like a "slightly smaller version of the Mississippi."
Restoration 
Many restoration efforts to convert the river from a concrete-lined channel back to its natural state have been proposed recently. Also, some river conservation groups, most notably Friends of the Los Angeles River (FoLAR) have been created.

The Los Angeles River Master Plan was created in 1991 as a plan to restore a large stretch of the river and one of its large tributaries, the Tujunga Wash. Part of the incentive for the project is because the Great Wall of Los Angeles, one of the largest murals in the world, is painted on the wall of the Tujunga Wash. Other than that, the plan seeks to improve recreation, health, property value, environment, and education in the communities surrounding the river; by building a series of parks. This helps to increase the open space available in Los Angeles; its open space percentage is uncharacteristically low. For example, the city of Boston has 9% open space, over twice as much as Los Angeles' 4% open space.
Notably, the City of Los Angeles agreed in 2007, by a 12-0 vote, to spend some $2 billion USD over the next 50 years. The money will be used to fund over 200 separate projects, including parks, walkways, and pedestrian bridges; along a  stretch of the river. Some factories and other buildings near the river will be removed so houses can be built closer to the river.

Riverside communities 
The biggest city beside the Los Angeles River is Los Angeles. There are many other cities and towns that lie beside the river.

 Canoga Park
 Reseda
 Van Nuys
 Sherman Oaks
 Studio City
 Universal City
 Toluca Lake
 Burbank
 Glendale
 Los Feliz

 Atwater Village
 Elysian Valley
 Glassell Park
 Cypress Park
 Chinatown
 Lincoln Heights
 Boyle Heights
 Vernon
 East Los Angeles
 South Central Los Angeles

 Maywood
 Commerce
 Bell
 Bell Gardens
 Cudahy
 South Gate
 Lynwood
 Paramount
 Compton
 Long Beach

Crossings 
Bridges that cross the Los Angeles River. Crossings are listed from south to north.

Nearby rivers
Nearby rivers

North along coast 
 Ballona Creek

South along coast 
 San Gabriel River

References

Other websites 

 Friends of the Los Angeles River
 Photo Tour of the Los Angeles River (from Canoga Park to South Gate)
 Los Angeles River Revitalization Master Plan Index
 Los Angeles River Railroads 

Rivers of Los Angeles County, California
Geography of Los Angeles
Fantasia is the third animated movie produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was first released on November 13, 1940. It was originally released by itself instead of RKO Pictures, which was the distributor of Disney from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, until Peter Pan.

Fantasia contains eight classical music pieces. One of them is from Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring. It tells the story of life on Earth until the extinction of the dinosaurs. Another famous work that appears in the movie is Johann Sebastian Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor for organ. The most famous classical music piece in this film is Paul Dukas, The Sorcerer's Apprentice. This is Mickey Mouse's most famous role. 

A sequel to this movie, Fantasia 2000, was released in 1999.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1940 movies
American family movies
American musical fantasy movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies set in prehistory
Movies about animals
Movies about dinosaurs
United States National Film Registry movies
The Santa Ana River is a major river in southern California, in the United States. It begins in San Bernardino County and flows west about  to the Pacific Ocean, through Riverside and Orange counties. It has a watershed of 2,650 square miles (6,863 square kilometers). Its biggest tributaries include Lytle, Temescal, and Santiago Creeks. Like the Los Angeles and San Gabriel rivers to the north, it is lined with concrete in many places. A notable feature on the river is the Seven Oaks Dam, which, at  tall, is the 6th tallest dam in the United States.

Nearby rivers

North along coast
San Gabriel River

South along coast
San Diego Creek

References
Santa Ana River Watershed 
OC Watershed 

Rivers of Los Angeles County, California
San Bernardino County, California
Riverside County, California
Orange County, California
Aliso Creek is a small river in Orange County, California, in the United States. From its source in the Santa Ana Mountains to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean, it is about  long. Its watershed is about 30.4 square miles (79 square kilometers) in size. The name comes from the Spanish word "aliso", meaning alder. Six tributaries join it along its length, which are Wood Canyon Creek, Sulphur Creek, the Dairy Fork, Aliso Hills Channel, Munger Creek and English Canyon.

The creek is heavily polluted. Urban runoff from streets in cities around the creek flow into it, contributing to an increased year-round flow and excessive pollution. To this day, the creek is still a big problem in terms of pollution at its mouth, the popular Aliso Creek Beach.

Nearby rivers

North along coast
San Diego Creek

South along coast
San Juan Creek

References

Rivers of California
Orange County, California
San Juan Creek is a small river in Orange County, California. It is about  long. Its watershed occupies 133.9 square miles (357 square kilometers). It begins in the Santa Ana Mountains, and ends, after a journey winding west and south, in the Pacific Ocean in Dana Point.

Its biggest tributary, Trabuco Creek or Arroyo Trabuco, is about  long, flowing south from the Santa Ana Mountains into San Juan Creek. Oso Creek is a smaller tributary to Trabuco Creek, but has a lot of water in it the entire year. Many people say they found a dead bear on the Oso Creek.

Nearby rivers

North along coast
Aliso Creek

South along coast
Santa Margarita River

References

Rivers of California
Orange County, California
Bakersfield is a large city in the state of California, in the United States. It the county seat of Kern County, in the southern part of the Central Valley. In the 2020 census, 403,455 people lived there. As of 2020, Bakersfield is the 9th largest city in California, the 3rd largest inland city in California, and the 48th largest in the United States. It is also the 2nd largest in the United States that is not directly connected to an interstate. Agriculture, petroleum processing, and manufacturing are the main economy of the city. 

State Route 99, State Route 58, and State Route 178 run through or pass by the city. One major rail station, Bakersfield Station, is in the city. Meadows Field Airport is the airport that serves Bakersfield, and the rest of Kern County.

References 

Cities in the Central Valley of California
 
County seats in California
1873 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in California
Windows Mail is an email client included with Windows Vista. It will not be included with any future releases of Windows because of the new Windows Live Mail. It replaced the popular Microsoft Outlook Express email client that was included in Windows 98, ME, 2000 & XP. Unlike Outlook Express, Windows Mail is not included with Windows Internet Explorer.

Microsoft software
E-mail
A chord progression is a part of music, made up of several chords played one after another. Chord progressions are important for people who write songs or play musical instruments that can play chords, such as the guitar. Chord progressions are used in many types of music. How a piece of music sounds has to do with its chord progression.

Relation to the circle of fifths
The circle of fifths is an idea in music theory that has to do with keys. It also has to do with chord progressions. If you have a song with the chord progression G, C, D, you can see those chords are right next to each other in the circle. So if you want to play the same song in a different key, you can use any other three chords right next to each other. This works for any chord progression.

Common chord progressions
One of the most used chord progressions is based on the first, fourth and fifth notes of a major scale. In the key of C, these are the C, F, and G chords. This progression is used in many simple songs. Since these songs have only three chords, they are sometimes called three-chord songs. Many country, blues, rock, pop and punk songs are three-chord songs.

Related pages
Chord
Harmonics (music)

Music theory
Interstate 81 is a north-south interstate in the eastern United States. It runs from Dandridge, Tennessee in the south to Wellesley Island, New York in the north; for a total distance for about . It follows the Appalachian Mountains for nearly its entire length.

Interstate 81 begins in Tennessee at Interstate 40 in Dandridge. The route follows the Appalachian Mountains for much of its route through Tennessee and Virginia, serving such cities as the twin cities of Bristol, Tennessee and Bristol, Virginia, Roanoke, Blacksburg, Lexington, Staunton, Harrisonburg, and Winchester.  In Harrisonburg, I-81 cuts through the James Madison University campus. It follows its older counterpart, U.S. Route 11, for its entire length in Virginia.

Interstate 81 briefly enters the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, serving the city of Martinsburg. It then crosses the state of Maryland at one of its narrowest points, passing through the "Hub City" of Hagerstown where it crosses many other routes.
Interstate 81 enters the state of New York near Binghamton. It follows U.S. Route 11 in a north–south direction, through much of the state. It serves the cities of Syracuse (where it intersects the New York State Thruway), and Watertown. The route ends at the Canadian border at the Thousand Islands Bridge, where it crosses the St. Lawrence River, continuing as a short connector, Highway 137, which serves the Thousand Islands Parkway and Highway 401.

The Interstate 81 Corridor Coalition, a six-state coalition, was organized to handle issues along Interstate 81, such as truck traffic and air pollution.  As of October 15, 2008, this commission has met twice.
Major intersections
 Interstate 40 near Dandridge, Tennessee, northeast of Knoxville, Tenn.
 Interstate 26 between the Tri-Cities, Tennessee
 Interstate 77 and Future Interstate 74 in Wytheville, Va.. They stay joined for about 10 miles (16 km), and go in opposite directions (i.e., this is a wrong-way concurrency, where I-81 North overlaps I-77 South, and vice versa).
 Interstate 64 in Lexington, Va.. They stay joined through Staunton, Va..
 Interstate 66 in Middletown, Va.
 Interstate 70 in Hagerstown, Mary.
 Interstate 76 in Middlesex Township, Pa. (near Carlisle, Pa.)
 Interstate 83 in Harrisburg, Pa.
 Interstate 78 near Jonestown, Pa.)
Interstate 80  near Hazleton, Pa.)
 Interstate 476/PA Tpk NE Ext. in Dupont, Pennsylvania (near Pittston, Pa.)
 Interstate 84 and Interstate 380 in Dunmore, Pa. (near Scranton, Pa.) Throop Dunmore Interchange
 Interstate 476/PA Tpk NE Ext.(again) in Clarks Summit, Pa.
 Future Interstate 86/NY 17 in Binghamton, NY
 Interstate 88 in Binghamton, NY
 Interstate 690 in downtown Syracuse, NY
 Interstate 90/New York State Thruway in North Syracuse, NY

References

81
Twelvers, or Twelver Shia's (Arabic: اثنا عشرية ‎شيعة) are Shia Muslims that believe that God appointed twelve guides after Prophet Muhammad. These are:

 Ali ibn abi Talib (Ameerul Mu'mineen)
 Hasan ibn Ali (al-Mujtabaa)
 Husayn ibn Ali (ash-Shaheed)
 Ali ibn Husayn (Zaynul Aabideen)
 Muhammad al-Baqir
 Jafar as-Sadiq
 Musa al-Kadhim
 Ali ar-Ridha
 Muhammad at-Taqi, al-Jawaad
 Ali al-Haadi, an-Naqi
 Hasan al-Askari
 Muhammad al-Mahdi

About 85% of Shia Muslims are Twelvers. Most of them can be found in Iran (90%), Iraq (65%), Azerbaijan (85%), Lebanon (35%), Kuwait (35%), Saudi Arabia (10-15%), and Bahrain (80%). There are large minorities in Pakistan (20%) and Afghanistan (18%).

Related pages

Shia Muslims

References 

Islamic denominations
Interstate 91 is an interstate on the East Coast of the United States. It is  long. Its south end is at New Haven, Connecticut, and its north end is at Derby Line, Vermont; near the Canadian border. The interstate follows the Connecticut River for much of its length.

List of intersections and exits

Connecticut

Massachusetts

Vermont

References

91
The Connecticut River is the largest river in New England, which is a region in the eastern United States. It is about  long, with a watershed covering about 11,250 square miles (29,137 square kilometers). Every second, it pours about 19,600 cubic feet (560 cubic meters) per second into its mouth at Long Island Sound, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The river flows through the U.S. states of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Interstate 91 parallels the river for a notably long distance.

The largest city on the Connecticut River is Springfield, Massachusetts. The second largest city is Hartford, Connecticut, the state capital of Connecticut. The two great cities are only 23.9 miles apart (38.5 km.)

Tributaries 

CT denotes Connecticut, VT Vermont, NH New Hampshire, and MA Massachusetts.

Related pages
 List of rivers of Connecticut

Springfield, Massachusetts
Rivers of Vermont
Geography of New Hampshire
Rivers of Connecticut
Geography of Massachusetts
In philately, a postage stamp block is a group of postage stamps attached to each other. Collectors may prefer gathering a complete block rather than separate postage stamps.

Related pages

 Miniature sheet
 Plate block
 Postage stamp

Postage stamps
The Great Basin is a desert area in the western United States of America, part of the Basin and Range Province. It is very dry and very large, occupying most of the state of Nevada and extending into California, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and a small part of Wyoming. In all, is about 200,000 square miles (520,000 square kilometers) in size. It is an 'endorheic' basin, which means that there is no outlet to the ocean. The Great Basin runs from the highest land in the Sierras and Rockies in the west, down to lowland deserts in the east.

The Great Basin's longest and largest river is the Bear River of , and the largest single watershed is the Humboldt River drainage of roughly . 

Most Great Basin precipitation is snow. The water that neither evaporates nor is taken for human use will sink into groundwater aquifers. Evaporation occurs from geographic sinks. 

Lake Tahoe, North America's largest alpine lake, is part of the Great Basin's central Lahontan subregion.

References 

Western United States
Drainage basins
Bougainvillea is a genus of flowering plants.it is often grown as gardening plant in warm climate. Bougainvilleas first came from South America. They are climbing plants grown for decoration in tropical countries, and in the southern United States.it is Grenada's national flower. Farther north, the plants are grown in greenhouses. The bougainvillea is named for the French navigator Louis-Autoine de Bougainville.

Description 
Bougainvillea, a tropical vine known for the beauty of the large, colorful bracts (modified leaves) which surround its flowers. The flowers are small and plain. The bracts may be magenta, purple, yellow, or crimson, and are one inch (2.5 cm) or more long. One common type of bougainvillea has a climbing stem that sometimes reaches a length of 100 feet (30 m).it's has a nickname the "paper flower " due to it's to thin and papery bracts. 

Caryophyllales
The North Region of Brazil () is one of the five geographical subdivisions of Brazil. It is the largest region, corresponding to 45.27% of the national territory but is the least inhabited region of the country and the lowest population density.

Geography 
The North Region has an area of . In this region are the two largest Brazilian states: Amazonas and Pará, and also the three largest Brazilian municipalities: Altamira, Barcelos and São Gabriel da Cachoeira, with more of  each one.

The region is between the Guiana Shield (to the north), the central plateau of Brazil (to the south), the Andes mountain range (to the west) and the Atlantic Ocean (to the northeast). The climate in the region is a tropical climate. Most of the region is part of the Amazon rainforest ecoregion but most of the Tocantins state is in a tropical savanna ecoregion known as the Cerrado.