Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1972 (MCMLXXII) was .

Events 
 February 18 – U.S. President Richard Nixon visits China.
 May 15 – Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama is shot by Arthur H. Bremer at a Laurel, Maryland political rally.
 June 13-22 – Hurricane Agnes strikes Florida and moves through the East Coast of the United States. In Pennsylvania and New York, Agnes caeses heavy flooding that kills many people. Total damage from the storm is $3 billion.
 June 29 – The United States Supreme Court rules that the death penalty is unconstitutional.
 July 25 – The first newspaper stories about the Tuskegee syphilis experiment are published.  This will lead to the end of the experiment, where poor African-Americans were infected with syphilis and not given treatment.
 September 17 – The television comedy series M*A*S*H premieres in the United States.
 Writer and pen club president Heinrich Böll receives the Nobel Prize for literature.
Births 
 January 2 – Adam Elliot, Australian animator
 January 11 – Amanda Peet, American actress
 January 16 - Greg Page, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
 February 17 – Billie Joe Armstrong, American singer (Green Day)
 February 17 – Yuki Isoya, Japanese singer (Judy and Mary)
 March 6 – Shaquille O'Neal, professional basketball player, actor and rapper
 March 7 - Simon Pryce, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
 March 15 – Mark Hoppus, American musician (Blink 182)
 March 17 – Oksana Grishuk, Ukrainian figure skater
 March 23 – Jonas Björkman, Swedish tennis player
 April 17 – Jennifer Garner, American actress
 April 20 – Carmen Electra, American model
 May 2 – Dwayne Johnson, Retired professional wrestler and actor
 May 4 – Mike Dirnt, American musician (Green Day)
 May 6 – Martin Brodeur, Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender
 June 23 – Zinedine Zidane, French footballer
 August 6 – Geri Halliwell, English singer (Spice Girls)
 August 7 - Heidi Cruz, American investment manager
August 9 – Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez, Colombian singer ad songwriter
 August 15 – Ben Affleck, American actor
 August 25 – Rachael Ray, American talk show host and cook
 August 27 – Denise Lewis, English athlete
 August 27 – Dalip Singh Rana, Indian professional wrestler and actor
 August 30 – Cameron Diaz, American actress
 September 7 - Simon Nash, English actor
 September 28 – Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress
 October 17 – Eminem, American rapper
 December 9 – Tré Cool, American musician (Green Day)
 December 19 – Alyssa Milano, American actress
 December 28 – Pat Rafter, Australian tennis player
Deaths

January 

 January 16 – Ross Bagdasarian, American actor and songwriter (b. 1919)
 January 27 – Mahalia Jackson, American gospel singer (b. 1911)
 January 31 – King Mahendra of Nepal (b. 1920)

February 

 February 20 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German physicist (b. 1906)

March 

 March 22 – Miguel Gustavo, Brazilian journalist, radio personality and composer (b. 1922)
 March 31 – Meena Kumari, Indian actress and poet (b. 1933)

April 

 April 6 – Heinrich Lübke, 2nd President of Germany (b. 1894)
 April 25 – George Sanders, British actor (b. 1906)
 April 27 – Kwame Nkrumah, 1st President of Ghana (b. 1909)

May 

 May 2 – J. Edgar Hoover, 1st Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (b. 1895)
 May 11 – Lee Beom-seok, Prime Minister of South Korea (b. 1900)
 May 28 – King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (b. 1894)

June

July 

 July 31 – Paul-Henri Spaak, 31st Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1899)

August

September 

 September 15 – Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, 2nd President of Iceland (b. 1894)
October 
 October 1 – Louis Leakey, British archaeologist and naturalist (b. 1903)

November

December 

 December 1 – Antonio Segni, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1891)
 December 2 – Yip Man, Hong Kong martial artist (b. 1893)
 December 26 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (b. 1884)
 December 27 – Lester Pearson, 14th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1897)

Movies released 
 Deliverance
 Super Fly
 The Godfather
 The Posiedon Adventure
 What's Up, Doc
Hit songs 
"People Need Love" – ABBA
"He Is Your Brother" – ABBA
"Starman" – David Bowie
"Take It Easy" – The Eagles
"Jealous Guy" – John Lennon
"All The Young Dudes" – Mott the Hoople
"You're So Vain" – Carly Simon
"Me and Julio Down By The Schoolyard" – Paul Simon
"Mother and Child Reunion" – Paul Simon
"Duncan" – Paul Simon
"America" – Simon and Garfunkel
"You Wear It Well" – Rod Stewart
"Ben"- Michael Jackson
"Parle plus bas (Le Parrain)"- Dalida
"Les choses de l'amour"- Dalida
"Baby Don't Get Hooked on Me" – Mac Davis
"For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her" – Simon and Garfunkel
"American Pie" – Don McLean
"Horse With No Name" – America
"Ventura Highway" – America
"Crocodile Rock" – Elton John
"Rocket Man" – Elton John
"Layla" – Derek & the Dominoes
"Rock & Roll Part 2" – Gary Glitter
"You Don't Mess Around With Jim" – Jim Croce
"The Candyman" – Sammy Davis Jr.
"Lean on Me" – Bill Withers
"Freddie's Dead (Theme From Superfly)" – Curtis Mayfield
"If You Don't Know Me By Now" – Harold Melvin & the Bluenotes
"I Gotcha" – Joe Tex
"Without You" – Harry Nilsson
"Let's Stay Together" – Al Green
"Brand New Key" – Melanie
"Signs" – The Drifters
"My Ding-A-Ling" – Chuck Berry
"Morning Has Broken" – Cat Stevens
"I Can See Clearly Now" – Johnny Nash
"The First Time I Ever Saw Your Face" – Roberta Flack
"I'll Take You There" – The Staple Singers
"Brandy (You're a Fine Girl)" – Looking Glass
"Long Cool Woman (In a Black Dress)" – Hollies
Papa Was a Rollin' Stone – The Temptations
"Heart of Gold" – Neil Young
"Alone Again (Naturally)" – Gilbert O'Sullivan
"Nights in White Satin" – The Moody Blues
"Back Stabbers" – The O'Jays
"I'm Stone in Love With You" – The Stylistics
"I Am Woman" – Helen Reddy
"I Gotcha" – Joe Tex
"Song Sung Blue" – Neil Diamond
"The Candy Man" – Sammy Davis Jr.
"The Lion Sleeps Tonight" – Robert John
"Rock and Roll" – Led Zeppelin
"Metal Guru" – T.Rex
"Two Divided By Love" – The Grass Roots
"Burning Love" – Elvis Presley
"Joy" – Apollo 100
New books 
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas – Hunter S. Thompson

Other websites
1979 (MCMLXXIX) was .

Events
January 4 – The State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of the dead and injured in the Kent State shootings
 February 1 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile
 March 4 – The U.S. Voyager 1 spaceprobe photos show Jupiter's rings
 April 1 – Iran's government becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially
 May 1 – Greenland is given limited autonomy from Denmark. The new Parliament of Greenland will meet in Nuuk.
 June 18 – Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna
 July 12 – Kiribati gains independence from the United Kingdom
 July 16 – Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam al-Tikriti replaces him
 August 3 – Dictator Francisco Macías Nguema of Equatorial Guinea is overthrown in a bloody coup d'état led by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
 September 1 – The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km
September 7 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for $1 billion to avoid bankruptcy
 September 7 – ESPN starts broadcasting
 September 16 – Three families flee from East Germany by balloon
 September 20 – French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa
 September 22 – The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test
 October 14 – A major gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, DC, involving many tens of thousands of people
 October 16 – 23 people die in Nice, France, when the coastal town is hit by a tsunami
 October 21 – 259 Muslim radicals occupy Kaaba and the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Saudi-Arabian army goes in to expel them
 October 26 – South Korean president Park Chunghee killed by KCIA head Kim Jaekyu
 October 27 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence
 October 29 – Pope John Paul II visits Ireland
November 5 – The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio in the United States
 December 5 – Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. He is succeeded by Charles Haughey.
 December 15 – Chris Haney and Scott Abbott develop the board game Trivial Pursuit
January 2 – Morena Baccarin, Brazilian actress
 January 12 – Marián Hossa, Slovakian hockey player
 January 16 – Aaliyah, American singer (d. 2001)
 January 20 – Will Young, English singer and actor
 January 26 – Sara Rue, American actress
 February 9 – Irina Slutskaya, Russian figure skater
 February 11 – Brandy Norwood, American singer
 February 21 – Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress
 March 8 – Tom Chaplin, English singer (Keane)
 March 9 – Melina Perez, American wrestler
 March 12 – Pete Doherty, English musician
 March 27 – Hiromu Shinozuka, Japanese manga artist
 April 4
 Heath Ledger, Australian actor (d. 2008)
 Roberto Luongo, Canadian hockey player
 April 5 – Timo Hildebrand, German footballer
 April 24 – Marie Picasso, Swedish model and singer
 May 9 – Pierre Bouvier, Canadian musician
 May 15 – Dominic Scott, Irish guitarist
 May 16 – Prince Carl Philip of Sweden
 May 26 – Ashley Massaro American model and wrestler
 May 29 – Arne Friedrich German footballer
August 3 – Evangeline Lilly, Canadian actress
 August 16 – Cleo Lemon, American NFL player
 September 13 – Manuel Friedrich, German footballer
 September 17 – Chuck Comeau, Canadian musician
 October 1 - Florin Salam, Romanian singer 
 October 3 – John Hennigan, American wrestler
 October 8 – Kristanna Loken, American actress
 November 14 – Michael Owen, English footballer
 November 27 – Hilary Hahn, American violinist
 December 26 – Chris Daughtry, American singer
Deaths

January

 January 3 – Conrad Hilton, American hotelier  (b. 1887)
 January 5 – Charles Mingus, American bassist (b. 1922)
 January 16 – Ted Cassidy, American actor  (b. 1932)
 January 18 – Gaston Heuet, French long-distance runner (b. 1892)
 January 26 – Nelson Rockefeller, 41st Vice President of the United States (b. 1908)
 January 27 – Victoria Ocampo, Argentine writer (b. 1890)

February 

 February 2 – Sid Vicious, English musician (b. 1957)
 February 7 – Josef Mengele, Nazism war criminal (b. 1911)
 February 8 – Nikolai Tikhonov, Soviet writer (b. 1896)
 February 9 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-British engineer (b. 1900)
 February 12 – Jean Renoir, French film director (b. 1894)
 February 17 – William Gargan, American actor (b. 1905)

March 

 March 1 – Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish leader (b. 1903)
 March 7 – Klaus Egge, Norwegian nationalist (b. 1906)
 March 15 – Alexandre Parodi, French Politician (b. 1901)
 March 30 – José María Velasco Ibarra, 24th President of Ecuador (b. 1893)

April
April 

 April 4 – Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, 4th President of Pakistan (b. 1928)

May 

 May 1 – Morteza Motahhari, Iranian philosopher (b. 1919)
 May 2 – Giulio Natta, Italian chemical engineer (b. 1903)
 May 9 – Gabriel Ramanantsoa, 2nd President of Madagascar (b. 1906)
 May 29 – Mary Pickford, Canadian-American actress (b. 1892)

June 

 June 11 – John Wayne, American actor (b. 1907)

July 

 July 3 – Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1988)
 July 8 – Shin'ichirō Tomonaga, Japanese physicist (b. 1906)
 July 15 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, 49th President of Mexico (b. 1911)

August 

 August 3 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
 August 21 – Giuseppe Meazza, Italian football player (b. 1910)
 August 27 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, British statesman and naval officer (b. 1900)

September
September 

 September 10 – Agostinho Neto, 1st President of Angola (b. 1922)
 September 20 – Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu, 4th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (b. 1907)
 September 28 – John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (b. 1921)
 September 29 – Francisco Macías Nguema, 1st President of Equatorial Guinea (executed) (b. 1924)

October 

 October 1 – Preguinho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1905)
 October 8 – Nur Muhammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (b. 1917)
 October 26 – Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (b. 1917)

November 

 November 1 – Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States (b. 1896)
 November 25 – Ky Ebright, American Olympic rowing coach (b. 1894)

December 
 December 27 – Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)
Nobel Prizes 
 Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg for their work on electroweak interactions
 Nobel Prize in Chemistry shared by Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig for their work with organoboranes
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by Allan McLeod Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield for their work on X-ray computed tomography
 Nobel Prize in Literature won by Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet
 Nobel Peace Prize won by Mother Teresa
 Nobel Prize in Economics – Theodore Schultz, American economist, and W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian economist
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, largest city and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. The nearby planned capital of Putrajaya is the administrative capital; which represents the seat of both the executive branch (Cabinet, federal ministries and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over 33 million, Malaysia is the world's 43rd-most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai
. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a number of endemic species.
The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, with most people being Malay, but there are also Chinese and Indians. Its official language is Malay written in the Latin alphabet. English is a recognised language and also the official language in Sarawak state along with Malay. Tamil and Chinese is also often used. There are over 130 other languages spoken in Malaysia, with 94 in Malaysian Borneo and 40 on the peninsula. Islam is the official religion, but non-Malay citizens have the freedom to practice other religions.

History 
Between China and India, Malaysia was an ancient trading place. When Europeans came to this area, Malacca was already an important trade port. Several Sultanates rose and fell during the time between the fall of Malacca and when Penang became a colony in 1768.
Politics and Economy 
Malaysia has 13 states, which are Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu, and three Federal Territories, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan. The number of points of the star on the flag represents the number of states Malaysia has, but it has 14 because Singapore was one of the states in Malaysia during its creation. The 14th point now represents the federal territories, called Wilayah Persekutuan. The head of state of Malaysia is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, otherwise called the "King of Malaysia". That title is currently held by Sultan Abdullah of Pahang. Malaysia's head of government is the Prime Minister. Its current prime minister is Anwar Ibrahim. It also has a parliament and a court system. It is a founding member of ASEAN.
Cities
The following is a list of places in Malaysia. They are in order by the date they were given city status.
 George Town (1 January 1957)
 Kuala Lumpur (1 February 1972)
 Ipoh (27 May 1988)
 Kuching (1 August 1988)
 Johor Bahru (1 January 1994)
 Kota Kinabalu (2 February 2000)
 Shah Alam (10 October 2000)
 Melaka City (15 April 2003)
 Alor Setar (21 December 2003)
 Miri (20 May 2005)
 Petaling Jaya (20 June 2006)
 Kuala Terengganu (1 January 2008)
 Iskandar Puteri (22 November 2017)
 Seberang Perai (16 September 2019)
 Seremban (20 January 2020)
 Subang Jaya (20 October 2020)
 Pasir Gudang (22 November 2020)
 Kuantan (21 February 2021)
 Sandakan (22 February 2022)

Religion 
Malaysia is a multi-religious society, and Islam is the largest population of believers. Most of the Malay people in Malaysia embrace Islam naturally as their religion. Besides Islam, Malaysia has other religions such as Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.
Culture 
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multilingual society, consisting of 58% Malays and other indigenous tribes, 23% Chinese, 7% Indians. The Malays, which form the largest community, are all Muslims since one has to be Muslim to be legally Malay under Malaysian law. The Malays play a dominant role politically and are included in a grouping identified as Bumiputera.

Food and drink 
Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding areas have influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures, largely because the country was part of the ancient spice route.
Food from one culture is sometimes also cooked using ways taken from another culture, for example, shrimp paste (belacan) and sambal are commonly used by Chinese restaurants for cooking. This means that although much of Malaysian food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity. Rice is popular in many dishes. Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy. Examples of Malaysian food are laksa, which is a spicy noodle dish common in Malaysia and teh tarik, which is a popular drink.

Sports 
Malaysia's national sports center is the Bukit Jalil Sports Complex. Nicol David (squash) and Lee Chong Wei (badminton) are notable athletes from Malaysia. Malaysia won 12 gold medals in the Commonwealth Games 2010 in India, and broke their Commonwealth Games target.
Transport 
Malaysia's road network covers 98,721 kilometres (61,342 mi) and includes 1,821 kilometres (1,132 mi) of expressways. The longest highway of the country, the North-South Expressway, extends over 800 kilometres (497 mi) between the Thai border and Singapore. The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysia has 118 airports, of which 38 are paved. The official airline of Malaysia is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi). There are also Light Rail Transit in Kuala Lumpur.

Related pages
 States of Malaysia
 List of rivers of Malaysia
 Malaysia at the Olympics
 Malaysia national football team
 Kuala Lumpur International Airport

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 Malaysian Government Portal 
 Malaysian maps
 Malaysia Travel Guide  - Most comprehensive travel guide to Malaysia attractions

1963 establishments in Asia
States and territories established in the 1960s
Current monarchies
Monarchies of Asia
 
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Commonwealth member states
Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character created in 1928 at Walt Disney Animation Studios.  The character serves as the mascot of The Walt Disney Company.

He is the Walt Disney company's mascot. He is the main character in Fantasia. Mickey Mouse also has television shows with other characters including Donald Duck, Goofy, Minnie Mouse, and Pluto. Minnie Mouse is his girlfriend. His birthday is November 18, 1928. This is the same day as Minnie Mouse.
Filmography
Black and White
 Plane Crazy
 The Gallopin' Gaucho
 Steamboat Willie
 The Barn Dance
 The Opry House
 When the Cat's Away
 The Barnyard Battle
 The Plowboy
 The Karnival Kid
 Mickey's Follies
 Mickey's Choo-Choo
 The Jazz Fool
 Jungle Rhythm
 The Haunted House
 Wild Waves
 Fiddling Around
 The Barnyard Concert
 The Cactus Kid
 The Fire Fighters
 The Shindig
 The Chain Gang
 The Gorilla Mystery
 The Picnic
 Pioneer Days
 The Birthday Party
 Traffic Troubles
 The Castaway
 The Moose Hunt
 The Delivery Boy
 Mickey Steps Out
 Blue Rhythm
 Fishin' Around
 The Barnyard Broadcast
 The Beach Party
 Mickey Cuts Up
 Mickey's Orphans
 The Duck Hunt
 The Grocery Boy
 The Mad Dog
 Barnyard Olympics
 Mickey's Revue
 Musical Farmer
 Mickey in Arabia
 Mickey's Nightmare
 Trader Mickey
 The Whoopee Party
 Touchdown Mickey
 The Wayward Canary
 Parade of the Award Nominees
 The Klondike Kid
 Mickey's Good Deed
 Building a Building
 The Mad Doctor
 Mickey's Pal Pluto
 Mickey's Mellerdrammer
 Ye Olden Days
Ye Olden Days
 The Mail Pilot
 Mickey's Mechanical Man
 Mickey's Gala Premier
 Puppy Love
 The Steeple-Chase
 The Pet Store
 Giantland
 Shanghaied
 Camping Out
 Playful Pluto
 Gulliver Mickey
 Mickey's Steam-Roller
 Orphan's Benefit (Black and White Version)
 Mickey Plays Papa
 The Dognapper
 Two-Gun Mickey
 Mickey's Man Friday
 Mickey's Service Station
 Mickey's Kangaroo
Color
 The Band Concert
 Mickey's Garden
 Mickey's Fire Brigade
 Pluto's Judgement Day
 On Ice
 Mickey's Polo Team
 Orphans' Picnic
 Mickey's Grand Opera
 Thru the Mirror
 Mickey's Rival
 Moving Day
 Alpine Climbers
 Mickey's Circus
 Donald and Pluto
 Mickey's Elephant
 The Worm Turns
 Magician Mickey
 Moose Hunters
 Mickey's Amateurs
 Hawaiian Holiday
 Clock Cleaners
 Lonesome Ghosts
 Boat Builders
 Mickey's Trailer
 The Whalers
 Mickey's Parrot
 Brave Little Tailor
 Society Dog Show
 Mickey's Surprise Party
 The Pointer
 Tugboat Mickey
 Pluto's Dream House
 Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip
 The Little Whirlwind
 The Nifty Nineties
The Nifty Nineties
 Orphan's Benefit (Color Version)
 A Gentleman's Gentleman
 Canine Caddy
 Lend a Paw
 Mickey's Birthday Party
 Symphony Hour
 Pluto and the Armadillo
 Squatter's Rights
 Mickey's Delayed Date
 Mickey Down Under
 Mickey and the Seal
 R'Coon Dawg
 Pluto's Party
 Pluto's Christmas Tree
 The Simple Things
Pets
Mickey Mouse has a pet; a dog named Pluto. Pluto has 5 puppies with Minnie's dog Fifi.

Mickey's friends
 Minnie Mouse (Girlfriend)
 Donald Duck (Best friend)
 Goofy (2nd Best friend)
 Pluto (Pet)
 Daisy Duck (Friend)

Related pages
 Walt Disney Pictures
 List of Disney movies

Sources

Fictional mice and rats
Kingdom Hearts characters
Mickey Mouse universe characters
1928 births
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus called a Lentivirus. This is a kind of retrovirus. It infects the human immune system, which is the system in the body which fights off infections. 

HIV may cause AIDS. This kills the white blood cells which a healthy body uses to fight diseases.

How people get infected 
A person can get infected with HIV if any body liquid with the virus gets into their body. The body liquids that carry HIV are blood, semen, liquid from the vagina, and breast milk. 

The virus may get into the body through injured skin. More usually it gets in  through the mouth, eyes, nose, vagina, anus, or penis. 

However, when people get HIV by having sex, the virus may enter the body through the vagina or anus.
There are some common ways to get HIV:
 A person with HIV can give a sexual partner the virus if they have unprotected sex. That means having sexual intercourse without a condom.
 A person can get HIV if he or she uses the same needle as a person with HIV to inject drugs or get a tattoo.
 A person may get HIV if he or she is stuck by a needle that was used on a patient with HIV.
 Babies can get the virus from their mothers when they are born or when they are breastfeeding. A baby may be protected from getting HIV this way if their mother takes certain medications while she is pregnant.
 Blood transfusions using infected blood products was a common cause of HIV. The blood had been taken from people with HIV infections. Now, in the developed world screening of blood products for HIV has mostly stopped this happening. However, people may still get HIV from blood transfusions in less-developed countries if the blood is not screened.
A person cannot get infected with HIV from non-sexual touching, like a hug or handshake, or touching someone else's saliva. A person cannot get HIV from an insect bite, a cough, or a sneeze. People also cannot get HIV from touching light switches, using toilets, or drinking from the same glass as a person with HIV.

Data 

a Other studies found insufficient evidence that male circumcision protects against HIV infection among men who have sex with men
b Oral trauma, sores, inflammation, concomitant sexually transmitted infections, ejaculation in the mouth, and systemic immune suppression may increase HIV transmission rate.
† "best-guess estimate"
‡ Pooled transmission probability estimate.
Bracketed values represent 95% confidence interval.

Treatment
Treatment

Drug treatment 
HIV causes a person to become more prone to illness, so infected people need treatment options. However, there is no cure for HIV. To help ease negative symptoms, drugs called anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are available. This treatment is also called high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). HAART treatment begins with one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The NRTI drug could be named zidovudine (AZT), tenofovir (TDF), andlamivudine (3TC), or emtricitabine (FTC).
These drugs slow the progression of the HIV virus in the body. Usually, these treatments consist of a combination of three or more drugs, and each drug performs a different job in fighting the virus. In general, HAART prevents the HIV from multiplying and destroying CD4 cells. CD4 cells are necessary to help protect the body from infections and cancer. Since the HIV virus destroys CD4 cells, it causes people with HIV to be more prone to illness.

It is recommended to start HAART if a person has HIV and has a CD4 cell count of less than or equal to 350 cells/mm3. This number can be determined by a doctor. A person’s age, sex, and other infections determine which treatment he or she should take. These medication regimens can help HIV-infected people live longer, healthier lives, and can also help prevent the HIV from advancing to AIDS.
General treatment 
There has been controversy surrounding when the correct time to start therapy should be after a person discovers that he or she has HIV. Recently, the answer has been that earlier treatment is recommended. This is because, first, effective therapy can prevent non-AIDS-related deaths. Second, therapy can prevent harm to a person’s immune system. Third, therapy can help prevent transmission of HIV to others, and can therefore reduce HIV prevalence overall. Although there are some negative side effects of antiretroviral medications, the benefits of therapy usually outweigh the negative effects.

Effects of therapy 
Patients on HAART have reported significant improvements in physical health, emotional health, mental health, and daily function compared to HIV-positive patients not yet on treatment. Most research has occurred in developing countries, and little research has been done on the impacts of ART on household wellbeing.
Although HAART can be an effective means to treating HIV, there can be many negative side effects. Negative side effects can vary by drug, by ethnicity, and by drug interactions in the body. The following list contains the most common and serious negative side effects associated with HAART medications to treat HIV.

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
 Lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis, and body fat redistribution (lipodystrophy)
 Fever, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue

Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
 Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis
 Fatigue, mood changes, liver function, insomnia
 May have significant interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustments would be required
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
 Metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy
 May increase risk of bleeding in hemophiliacs
 Rash, diarrhea, vomiting, taste perversion, fatigue
 May have significant interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustment would be required

Fusion Inhibitors
 Injection site reactions, neutropenia, increased frequency of pneumonia
Chemokine Coreceptor Antagonists
 Diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, headache, liver function, joint pain

Integrase Inhibitors
 Nausea, diarrhea, headache, rash

Pharmacokinetic Enhancers
 Increased serum creatinine, proteinuria, nausea, diarrhea
Alternative therapy 
Many people living with HIV have tried using alternative treatment methods, known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Some types of CAM include stress management, natural health products, massage/therapeutic touch, acupuncture, and homeopathy. Stress management can increase quality of life for a person with HIV. Even with little evidence of its effectiveness, many people chose to try CAM because of the many negative side effects associated with HAART and the few negative side effects associated with CAM. Some HIV-infected people also try herbal medicines to treat HIV, but there has been no evidence showing any positive outcomes with the use of herbal remedies.
Another type of alternative therapy for treating HIV is micronutrient supplementation. Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals, so these supplements would be in the form of a general daily multivitamin. These supplements have been proven to help treat HIV because HIV can cause micronutrient deficiencies, so the supplements can help replenish these needed vitamins and minerals. Although the supplements may not help ease all negative symptoms, they offer some benefits and are safe for HIV-infected patients. Supplements are also safe for HIV-infected pregnant women and their children. Specifically, vitamin A and zinc have shown positive health effects. There are no major negative side effects of vitamin and mineral supplements.

Alternative therapies can help to reduce symptoms of diseases like HIV, but do not cure the disease, or stop the disease from spreading to other people.
PREP 
"PREP" or "PrEP" is pre-exposure prophylaxis. This means a person takes a drug before having risky sex. The drug 'Truvada' is a combination of two different anti-viral treatments: tenofovir and emtricitabine. Truvada is very expensive, and not available on the UK's National Health Service.

References

Other websites 
 AIDS-HIV Resources and guidelines for prevention 
 University of California, Santa Barbara's SexInfo This article provides basic information about HIV/AIDS in a way that is easy to understand.  This site also has an article that provides A Personal Guide for Preventing AIDS Transmission.
 AIDS Education Global Information System (AEGiS)

Sexually transmitted diseases
Viruses
Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 - December 4, 1993) was an American musician and composer. He was known for his strange style of music, which was often weird and funny. He made various types of music and many albums. Zappa worked with many other musicans, most notably his 1960s group The Mothers of Invention and his friend and blues singer Captain Beefheart.  Some people think he is the best composer in popular music or even any non-classical music.

Zappa was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but spent most of his life in Southern California. He grew up in Baltimore, in Florida, and in Monterey, Claremont and El Cajon, California. His mother was of French and Italian descent; his father was an immigrant from Sicily. Zappa had four children with his wife Gail. They gave them all very unusual names: Moon Unit, Dweezil, Ahmet, and Diva.

Zappa was openly against drugs, Televangelism, and censoring music. He often tried to see what he could get away with.
Zappa died from prostate cancer in Los Angeles, California.

Other websites 
Zappa.com
Zappanale

Notes

Actors from Baltimore
Actors from California
Actors from Florida
20th-century American musicians
American jazz musicians
American rock guitarists
American songwriters
American television actors
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from prostate cancer
Multi-instrumentalists
Musicians from California
Musicians from Florida
Musicians from Maryland
1940 births
1993 deaths
Tasmania (Palawa Kani: lutruwita)  is a large island off the southern coast of mainland Australia. It is a state of Australia. Its capital and the largest city is Hobart. The island was joined to the mainland until the end of the most recent ice age about 10,000 years ago.

Tasmania has wonderful natural history, and is the most forested part of Australia. It has the country's largest areas of temperate rainforest. One of its many unique trees is the Leatherwood (Eucryphia lucida). This is a common tree in wet forests, and there are four related species on the mainland.

Tasmania is the home of rare animals such as eastern quolls and Tasmanian devils. It was the last home of the thylacine, which became extinct in 1936.

Brief account 
Tasmania is a state of Australia. Unlike the other states, it is an island. The Bass Strait separates it from the Australian mainland.
Australian aboriginals are the native people of Tasmania. Abel Janszoon Tasman landed on the island in 1642. He called it "Van Diemen's Land". It was later called Tasmania. Much later, people came from Europe, mostly from the British Empire, to live on the island.

Cities and towns 
Tasmania has four cities: capital city Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie.

Population 
Tasmania is the smallest state in Australia. It also has the smallest population. The total population of Tasmania is just over 500,000 (September 2014).

History 
For an history of Tasmania, see Van Diemen's Land.

Darwin Crater 

Darwin Crater is a suspected meteorite impact crater in Western Tasmania about  south of Queenstown. 

It is just in the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park. The crater is a rimless circular flat-floored depression,  in diameter, in mountainous and heavily forested terrain. It is East of the West Coast Range and the former North Mount Lyell Railway formation.
Places to visit 
Tasmania has some of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. They range from old country towns to up to date cities. 
Some popular tourist places are:
 Coles Bay
 Port Arthur
 Huonville
 Richmond
 Queenstown
 Strahan
 Hagley
 Hobart

Famous Tasmanians 
 Errol Flynn, actor, best known for his role in the 1930s as Robin Hood
 Ricky Ponting, former Australian Cricket Captain
 Peter Crumpton, author
 David Boon, cricket player
 Don Kay, composer
 Madison Courto, musician
 Princess Mary Donaldson of Denmark
 Allanah Hill, fashion designer
 Simon Baker, actor

References

 
Australasia
Gondwana
Islands of Australia
M*A*S*H was an American media franchise that had several novels and a movie. Several television series have also been based on it. These include M*A*S*H (1970 movie), M*A*S*H (TV series) (1972),  AfterMASH and Trapper John, M.D..

Novel 
M*A*S*H started as a novel written by Richard Hooker. It was released in 1968, and was about a group of rebellious doctors at a MASH (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) during the Korean War in the early 1950s. Several sequels were also written after the first book was successful. A movie and television series were based on the story.

Movie 

M*A*S*H was made into a movie in 1970 that was liked by critics and audiences. It was directed by Robert Altman, and starred a large cast of talented actors that included Donald Sutherland, Elliott Gould, Tom Skerritt, Sally Kellerman, and Robert Duvall.
The movie won the Golden Palm award that year, which is the highest award at the Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France. The movie was also a big hit with young people for its anti-establishment, wild feel. This was especially true because it was really seen to be about criticizing the Vietnam War that was going on at the time. That theme was only hidden somewhat by the setting of the movie during the earlier and less controversial Korean War.

It is also the #56 movie on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list and #7 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list.

Television
Television 

The success of the books and movie inspired the very popular comedy television series, M*A*S*H. The series ran from 1972 to 1983 on CBS and is one of the most popular American television shows ever. Reruns are still shown on cable and broadcast channels, and most of the show's seasons are sold on DVDs. Though it is not as popular as it was, it is still popular today.
The cast included Alan Alda, Wayne Rogers, Mike Farrell, McLean Stevenson, Harry Morgan, Loretta Swit, Larry Linville, David Ogden Stiers, Jamie Farr, Allan Arbus, William Christopher, and Gary Burghoff.

Burghoff played the naive, innocent, teenage, but gifted company clerk, "Radar" O'Reilly. His role was small but memorable in the M*A*S*H movie, and he was the only actor from that movie to also play his character on the television series.
The show's final episode which aired on February 28, 1983 was one of the most watched shows in TV history. It was viewed by 125 million people. There have been several spin-off series of M*A*S*H. The first was AfterMASH, which was about a Veteran's Hospital soon after the war was over. It was about Colonel Potter (Harry Morgan), who got a job there, Maxwell Klinger (Jamie Farr), who became his assistant, and Father Mulcahy (William Christopher), who came there as a patient who abused alcohol after he lost his hearing in the TV series. All three of them were major characters on the original series. The second spin-off was W*A*L*T*E*R*, which was about Walter "Radar" O'Reilly (Gary Burghoff). It was an unsold pilot that was shown as a special television program. The most successful M*A*S*H spin-off was Trapper John, M.D., a spin-off of the movie. It starred Trapper John McIntyre (Pernell Roberts), but never talks about anything from the movie. It lasted 151 episodes across seven seasons.
Theater 
Tim Kelly made a play about the novel, movie, and TV series in 1973.

Other websites 

1972 American television series debuts
1983 disestablishments in the United States
1970s American workplace television series
1970s workplace comedy television series
1980s American workplace television series
1980s workplace comedy television series
1980s workplace drama television series
American black comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama television series
20th-century American novels
American war movies
American workplace comedy television series
American workplace drama television series
Black comedy television series
1970s English-language movies
Korean War
Movies set in the 1950s
Donald McNichol Sutherland OC (born July 17, 1935) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in more than 100 movie and television shows.

Sutherland is known for his roles in Fellini's Casanova, Klute, Don't Look Now, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, JFK, Ordinary People, Pride & Prejudice, and The Hunger Games. He is the father of actor Kiefer Sutherland.

Early life
Sutherland was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. His ancestry includes Scottish, as well as German and English. When Sutherland was a child, he had rheumatic fever, hepatitis and poliomyelitis. He studied at Victoria College and at University of Toronto. He studied acting London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Sutherland started off working as a radio DJ at the age of 14.

Career
Career

Sutherland's acting career began in 1962 with a small role in the television series The Avengers. He then starred in some major roles in movies such as Dr. Terror's House of Horrors with Christopher Lee. He had a recurring role in the 1970 television series M*A*S*H.

Sutherland soon gained fame in the Academy Award-winning movie Klute with Jane Fonda. He then starred in the movie Don't Look Now. He then starred in the movie Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

Recently, Sutherland portrayed President Snow in the movie adaptation of The Hunger Games, released in March 2012. He repeated the role in its sequel, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013).

In 2018, Sutherland played J. Paul Getty in the television series Trust.
Personal life
Sutherland was married to Lois Hardwick from 1959 until they divorced in 1966. Then he was married to Shirley Douglas from 1966 until they divorced in 1970. Since 1972, Sutherland has been married to his current wife Francine Racette. He has five children, three of whom are actors.

Sutherland became a blogger for the American news website The Huffington Post during the 2008 United States presidential election campaign. In his blogs, he openly stated his support for Barack Obama.

During the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver he narrated the events. He was also one of the Olympic flag bearers.

Movies
Castle of the Living Dead (1964)
 Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (1965)
 The Dirty Dozen (1967)
 Interlude (1968)
 Start the Revolution Without Me (1970)
 M*A*S*H (1970)
 Klute (1971)
 Lady Ice (1973)
 S*P*Y*S (1974)
 The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977)
 National Lampoon's Animal House (1978)
 The Great Train Robbery (1979)
 Bear Island (1979)
 Eye of the Needle (1981)
 Scream of Stone (1991)
 Long Road Home (1991)
 JFK (1991)
 Eminent Domain (1991)
 Backdraft (1991)
 Quicksand: No Escape (1992)
 Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992)
 Benefit of the Doubt (1993)
 The Puppet Masters (1994)
 Punch (1994)
 Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All (1994) 
 The Lifeforce Experiment (1994)
 Disclosure (1994)
 Behind the Mask (1999) 
 Virus (1999)
 Instinct (1999)
 The Hunley (1999)
 Toscano (1999)
 The Setting Sun (1999)
 Panic (2000)
 Space Cowboys (2000)
 The Art of War (2000)
 Threads of Hope (voice) (2000)
 Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (voice) (2001)
 Uprising (TV) (2001)
 Frankenstein (TV) (2004)
Aurora Borealis (2004)
 The Hunger Games (2012)
 The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013)
 Jappeloup (2013)
 The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 (2014)
 The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 (2015)
 Trust (2018)
Awards

 1978: Officer of the Order of Canada (OC)
 1983: 4th Genie Awards, winner, Best Actor, Threshold
 1995: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Supporting Role in a Miniseries or a Movie, Citizen X
 1995: Golden Globe Award, winner, Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film, Citizen X
 1998: Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Drama, Without Limits
 2000: Canada's Walk of Fame
 2002: Golden Globe Award, winner, Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film, Path to War
 2005: Honorary Doctor of Arts (Hon DArt) from Middlebury College (Middlebury, Vermont, US)
 2011: Hollywood Walk Of Fame.
 2012: Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

References

Other websites 

 On the Money (Carole Cadwalladr interview), The Guardian, 30 March 2008
1935 births
Living people
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Canadian movie actors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Order of Canada
People from New Brunswick
Satellite Award winners
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian may refer to:

 Something of, from, or related to Canada, a country
Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada.

Canadian may also refer to:

Language

Canadian English
Canadian French

Geography
Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States
Canadian River, United States, the largest tributary of the Arkansas River, in the southwestern United States
Canadian Shield, a large craton in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the United States
Canadian, Texas, United States, a city in Hemphill County

Buildings
First Canadian Place, Canada's tallest skyscraper

People and organizations
Petey Williams (nickname: Canadian Destroyer), a Canadian professional wrestler
Jason Reso (nickname: Canadian Rage or Christian Cage), a Canadian professional wrestler
Canadian Airlines, a defunct airline of Canada
Taxonomy
Canadian elderberry
Conyza canadensis (Canadian horseweed; also Canadian fleabane), a common species of Conyza, native throughout most of North America and Central America
Canadian honeysuckle, an arching shrub

Other uses
Canadian Club, a brand of whisky produced by Hiram Walker & Sons in Windsor, Ontario
Montreal Canadiens, an NHL hockey team based in Montreal

Related pages
Paul Martin Jr.  (born August 28, 1938) is a Canadian politician. He was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada. He was also the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. He became prime minister December 12, 2003, when Jean Chrétien stepped down. He won an election on June 28, 2004, because the Liberals won more seats than the other political parties; but they did not win a majority of the seats, so he led a minority government. There was another election on January 23, 2006; his party lost this election, so Stephen Harper became the next prime minister.

Martin was greatly respected, as a Finance Minister, around the world for his fiscal management, because of the growth in the economy and for taking the government out of deficit.
His tenure as Prime Minister is generally seen as a disaster by most Canadians.
Martin was born in Windsor, Ontario. His father was a member of the Canadian House of Commons for thirty-three years and was a part of the cabinet. Martin graduated from the University of Toronto in 1961 with a B.A. in history and philosophy and from the University of Toronto Law School in 1965. He married Sheila Martin in 1965.

He was elected to parliament from the riding of LaSalle-Émard in Montreal, Quebec in 1988. He was finance minister from 1993 until 2002. He became known for balancing the budget (ending government borrowing of money). In 2003, he was elected leader of the Liberal party, and was appointed prime minister one month later.
Mr. Martin's government made same-sex marriage legal. It also had problems with the Sponsorship scandal in 2004. In 2006, Parliament passed a vote of no confidence, which forced a national election to be held on January 23. The Liberals lost the election and Martin lost his position as prime minister. Soon afterwards, he resigned his position as leader of the Liberal Party.

After fourteen months in office, Paul Martin got the nickname "Mr. Dithers". He was called so by the magazine The Economist. They say this is because he changed his opinion too often.

References

Other websites
 

1938 births
Living people
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Politicians from Montreal
Canadian King's Counsel
A machine gun is a weapon that can fire one bullet after another as long as the trigger is pulled and there are bullets ready to fire. This is called automatic fire. A more general name for this type of weapon is an automatic weapon. Machine guns fire bullets delivered from a long chain of cartridges called an ammunition ('ammo') belt, or use spring-loaded boxes called magazines. Machine guns are usually divided into heavy-duty machine guns, light machine guns, and sub-machine guns.

Heavy machine guns (HMG) are placed on the ground, supported on a tripod, or on a vehicle. The vehicle would have a support for the gun with a rotating base or turret. Heavy machine guns often need two men to operate it, one to assist with loading ammunition, and one to aim and fire. It always takes two or more men to carry one. Famous examples include the M2 Browning machine gun, the MG42, the M1919 Browning, the M134 minigun, the Type 92 heavy machine gun, and the Maxim gun.
Light machine guns (LMG) are usually carried and fired by one man. Despite the name, an LMG is almost always rested on a bipod or a tripod while firing since the gun is normally too heavy to fire while standing, although some LMGs such as the Bren LMG and the BAR are light enough to be fired without a bipod or tripod when a sling is worn around the user. Famous examples include the Bren, the BAR, the SAW M249, the M240, the RPD, the RPK, the PK, and the M-60.

Submachine guns (SMG) are lighter weapons which fire less powerful bullets (usually pistol bullets). They are much easier to conceal and carry than the heavier versions. Submachine guns have handles (stocks), and are carried by individual soldiers or police officers. Famous examples include the Uzi, the Heckler & Koch MP5, the Thompson (a.k.a. Tommy gun), the MAC-10, the PPSh, and the MP-40.