Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Barry Mahy (21 January 1942 – 1 October 2020) was an English-American Association football defender. He began his career with Scunthorpe United and finished it with the New York Cosmos. 

He also earned four caps with the U.S. national team in 1973.

Mahy died on 1 October 2020 at the age of 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
English footballers
American soccer players
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Charade is a 1963 American romantic mystery comedy movie directed by Stanley Donen and was based on the 1961 short story by Peter Stone and Marc Behm. It stars Cary Grant, Audrey Hepburn, James Coburn, George Kennedy, Walter Matthau and was distributed by Universal Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1964. It was remade as The Truth About Charlie in 2002.

Other websites
 
 
 

1963 thriller movies
1963 romantic comedy movies
1960s mystery movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic thriller movies
American mystery movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Stanley Donen
Universal Pictures movies
Alfredo G. Marañon Jr. (December 21, 1935 – October 1, 2020) was a Filipino PDP–Laban politician. He was Governor of Negros Occidental from 2010 to 2019. He was Mayor of Sagay City between 2001 to 2010. Marañon was born in Sagay City. 

Marañon died on October 1, 2020 in Bacolod, Philippines from heart disease, aged 84.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
Filipino mayors
Filipino politicians
James Patrick Bulger (16 March 1990 – 12 February 1993) was a 2-year-old boy from Kirkby, Merseyside, England, who was kidnapped, tortured and killed by two 10-year-old boys, Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, on 12 February 1993. 

Bulger was taken away from the New Strand Shopping Centre in Bootle, Merseyside. His tortured body was found on a railway line  away in Walton, Liverpool, Merseyside, two days after his abduction. Thompson and Venables were charged on 20 February 1993 with Bulger's abduction and murder.

They were found guilty on 24 November 1993, making them the youngest convicted murderers in modern British history. They were released in 2001. In November 2017, Venables was again sent to prison for having child abuse images on his computer.

The Bulger case created a debate on the issue of how to handle young serious crime offenders when they are sentenced or released from custody.

References

1993 crimes
1993 crimes

1990s crimes in the United Kingdom
1990s murders in Europe
Kidnapping
Merseyside
Murder in England
Torture
1993 in the United Kingdom
Murdered children
Hilari "Ernest" Raguer i Suñer (11 August 1928 – 1 October 2020) was a Spanish monk, historian and political activist. He was born in Madrid. He was honored with the Creu de Sant Jordi in 2014. Raguer was a well known critic and activist against the Francisco Franco regime. He worked at the Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey.

Raguer died on 1 October 2020 at the Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey at the age of 92.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Spanish historians
Spanish activists
Writers from Madrid
Murray Schisgal (November 25, 1926 – October 1, 2020) was an American playwright and screenwriter. He was born in New York City. He wrote the screenplay for Tootsie.

His 1965 Broadway debut, Luv, was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Play and for Best Author of a Play. 

His other plays include Jimmy Shine, 74 Georgia Avenue, Naked Old Man and All Over Town.

Schisgal died on October 1, 2020 at his home in Port Chester, New York at the age of 93.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
American playwrights
Screenwriters from New York City
Blue Cow is an animated blue cow made by Blue-Zoo. She was seen in the BBC children's television series The Story Makers. The television series was mostly shown on CBeebies, but was previously shown on BBC Two.

Blue Cow wonders what happens outside the field she lives in. In all episodes, she wonders about something different. The other cows in the field, who are black and white, do not believe her, so they say "she's off again." Blue Cow then rides in a red double decker bus, which takes her to a place where she finds out the answer to what she is wondering about.

When Blue Cow goes back to her field at the end of the episode, she tells the other cows in the field what she did during the day. The other cows still do not believe her, so they say "Everyone knows cows can't ...", then a description of what she did. After that, the narrator usually says "But we know they can, don't we?".

References

BBC
Children's television series
Fictional animals
Ananta Charan Sukla (6 November 1942 – 1 October 2020) was an Indian educator, philosopher and historian. He was a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Sambalpur University. He was born in Odisha, India. Sukla was the founding editor of the international half-yearly Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics.

Sukla died on 1 October 2020 in Odisha from multiple organ failure at the age of 77.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Indian educators
Indian historians
Indian philosophers
Héctor Cavallero (October 2, 1939 – October 2, 2020) was an Argentine Socialist politician. He was born in Las Parejas, Santa Fe. He was Mayor of Rosario, Santa Fe from 1989 to 1995. Cavallero was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 1999 to 2003. 

Cavallero died on his 81st birthday on October 2, 2020 at a hospital from pneumonia-related problems in Rosario.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Argentine politicians
People from Rosario, Argentina
Love Affair is a 1939 American romance movie.  It was directed by Leo McCarey. The movie stars Irene Dunne, Charles Boyer, Maria Ouspenskaya, Lee Bowman, Astrid Allwyn and Maurice Moscovitch. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. The movie was nominated for 6 Academy Awards in 1940. It was remade as An Affair to Remember in 1957 and Love Affair in 1994.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1939 movies
1930s romance movies
1930s American romance movies
Movies directed by Leo McCarey
Cokeburg is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area since 1950. The population was 630 at the 2010 census.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
The Awful Truth is a 1937 American romantic comedy movie directed by Leo McCarey and was based on the 1923 play of the same name by Arthur Richman. It stars Cary Grant, Irene Dunne, Ralph Bellamy, Alexander D'Arcy, Cecil Cunningham, Esther Dale, Joyce Compton, Molly Lamont and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 6 Academy Awards and won an Oscar in 1938.

Other websites

1937 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Leo McCarey
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies about divorce
Heinz "Heiner" Kördell (8 January 1932 – 2 October 2020) was a German footballer. In 1958, he was German champion with Schalke 04. He played one international match for West Germany. 

Kördell died on 2 October 2020, aged 88.

References

Other websites
Heiner Kördell's profile at FC Schalke 04-Website 

1932 births
2020 deaths
German footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
The Parliament of Malaysia () is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament is made up of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) and the Dewan Negara (Senate). 

The Parliament meets at the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually relates to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament.

The term "Senator" usually relates to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.

Other websites
 

Politics of Malaysia
The Malaysian Houses of Parliament (Malay: Bangunan Parlimen Malaysia), is a building where the Malaysian Parliament assembles. The structure is located at the Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur, close to the Malaysian National Monument.

Other websites
Official Parliament Malaysia website 

Government buildings
Buildings and structures in Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
The Dewan Rakyat (Malay for 'House of Representatives'; ) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament, the federal legislature of Malaysia. 

The Dewan Rakyat sits in the Houses of Parliament in Kuala Lumpur, along with the Dewan Negara, the upper house.

References

Politics of Malaysia
The Dewan Negara (Malay for Senate, literally State Assembly) is the upper house of the Parliament of Malaysia, consisting of 70 senators of whom 26 are elected by the state legislative assemblies.

Two senators are elected for each state, while the other 44 are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), including four who are appointed to represent the federal territories.

References

Politics of Malaysia
Liew Vui Keong (; 18 January 1960 – 2 October 2020) was a Malaysian politician. He was born in Kota Belud, Malaysia. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. 

He was a member of the parliament between 2008 to 2013 and again from 2018 until his death. He also was the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department from 2018 until 2020. He worked during the Mahathir Mohamad cabinet.

Liew died at a hospital in Sabah, Malaysia on 2 October 2020 from pneumonia caused by spinal surgery, aged 60.

References

1960 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Malaysian politicians
Deaths from surgical complications
Martin Havelka (10 July 1958 – 2 October 2020) was a Czech actor. Havelka was born in Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia. He was known for his stage roles on the National Theatre Brno and Brno City Theatre. He appeared on Czech productions of Jesus Christ Superstar, My Fair Lady, Mary Poppins and Little Shop of Horrors.

Havelka died in a car crash on 2 October 2020 in Brno at the age of 62.

References

1958 births
2020 deaths
Road accident deaths
Czech stage actors
People from Brno
Robert Michael Miller, Jr. (September 28, 1956 – October 1, 2020) was an American professional ice hockey player. He played 404 games in the National Hockey League between 1977 and 1985.  He played for the Boston Bruins, Colorado Rockies and the Los Angeles Kings. He was born in Medford, Massachusetts.

Miller died on October 1, 2020 at the age of 64 in Tampa Bay, Florida.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
American ice hockey players
Boston Bruins players
Colorado Rockies players
Los Angeles Kings players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
People from Medford, Massachusetts
A Ticket to Tomahawk is a 1950 American western comedy movie directed by Richard Sale and starring Dan Dailey, Anne Baxter, Marilyn Monroe, Rory Calhoun, Walter Brennan, Charles Kemper, Connie Gilchrist. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 
 

1950 comedy movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Richard Sale
Jacques-Louis Monod (25 February 1927 – 21 September 2020) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He conducted the musical works of Charles Ives, Edgard Varèse, Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern and uptown music. He was born in Asnières-sur-Seine, France.

Monod died on 21 September 2020 in Toulouse, France at the age of 93.

References

1927 births
2020 deaths
20th-century French composers
French conductors
French pianists
21st-century French composers
Neil Brannon (October 29, 1940 – September 22, 2020) was an American politician. He was in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 3rd district from 2002 to 2010. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Brannon was born in Muse, Oklahoma.

Brannon died of a heart attack on September 22, 2020, in Fort Smith, Arkansas at age 79.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Oklahoma
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Muse is an unincorporated community in Le Flore County, Oklahoma, United States. Muse is located along Oklahoma State Highway 63  southeast of Talihina.

References

Unincorporated communities in Oklahoma
Jacques Senard (21 November 1919 – 22 September 2020) was a French politician. He was born in Corgoloin, France. He was the French Ambassador to the Netherlands between 1972 to 1976 and to Egypt between 1976 to 1979.

Senard died on 22 September 2020 in Arles, France at the age of 100.

References

1919 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors of France
French centenarians
People from Côte-d'Or
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Ensign Pulver is a 1964 American World War II comedy movie directed by Joshua Logan and is the sequel to the 1955 movie Mister Roberts. It stars Robert Walker, Burl Ives, Walter Matthau, Millie Perkins, Kay Medford, Larry Hagman, Diana Sands, Jack Nicholson, James Coco and was distributed by Warner Bros..

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1964 comedy movies
1964 war movies
American comedy movies
American sequel movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Joshua Logan
Harm Tjalling "Tjalling" Waterbolk (18 May 1924 – 27 September 2020) was a Dutch archaeologist. He was a professor of archaeology and director of the Biological-Archaeological Institute at the University of Groningen between 1954 and 1987.

Waterbolk was known for his interdisciplinary work in archaeology.

Waterbolk died on 27 September 2020 in Haren, Groningen, aged 96.

References

1924 births
2020 deaths
Dutch archaeologists
People from Drenthe
One way to learn new skills is by observing the behavior of other people or animals. This is called  Observational learning. It is a form of social learning which can take different forms.  In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement;  instead a social model such as a parent, sibling, friend, or teacher with surroundings is needed. For a child,  a model is someone of authority or higher status in an environment. In animals, observational learning is often based on classical conditioning. In classical conditioning instinctive behavior is provoked by observing the behavior of another (e.g. mobbing in birds), but other processes may be involved as well.
In humans 
Many behaviors that a learner observes, remembers, and imitates are actions that the model does not try to intentionally instill:  A child may learn to swear, smack, smoke, and deem other inappropriate behavior acceptable through poor modeling. Albert Bandura claims that children continually learn desirable and undesirable behavior through observational learning. Observational learning suggests that an individual's environment, cognition, and behavior all incorporate and ultimately determine how the individual functions and models.

Through observational learning, individual behaviors can spread across a culture through a process called diffusion chain. This occurs when an individual first learns a behavior by observing another individual and that individual serves as a model for other individuals  to learn the behavior.
Culture plays a role in whether observational learning is the dominant learning style in a person or community. Some cultures expect children to actively participate in their communities: the children are therefore exposed to different trades and roles on a daily basis. This exposure allows children to observe and learn the different skills and practices that are valued in their communities.

Albert Bandura, who is known for the classic Bobo doll experiment, identified this basic form of learning in 1961. The importance of observational learning lies in helping individuals, especially children, acquire new responses by observing others' behavior.
Albert Bandura states that people's behavior could be determined by their environment.  Observational learning occurs through observing negative and positive behaviors. Bandura believes in reciprocal determinism in which the environment can influence people's behavior and vice versa. For instance, the Bobo doll experiment shows that the model, in a determined environment, affects children's behavior. In this experiment Bandura demonstrates that one group of children placed in an aggressive environment would act the same way, while the control group and the other group of children placed in a passive role model environment hardly shows any type of aggression.
In communities where children's primary mode of learning is through observation, the children are rarely separated from adult activities. This  allows children to use observational learning skills in multiple spheres of life. This learning through observation requires them to be attentive.  Culturally, they learn that their participation and contributions are valued in their communities. This teaches children that it is their duty, as members of the community, to observe others' contributions so they gradually become involved and participate more in the community.

In animals
In animals 

When an animal is given a task to complete, it is almost always more successful after observing another animal doing the same task before them. Experiments with several different species have shown the same effect: animals can learn behaviors from peers. However, there is a need to make a difference between the propagation of behavior and the stability of behavior. An animal might show the behaviour just once. In this case, the behaviour is not stable.  Research has shown that social learning can spread a behavior, but there are more factors regarding how a behaviour is spread from one generaton of animals to the next, in an animal culture.

Learning in fish 
Experiments with ninespine sticklebacks showed that individuals will use social learning to locate food.

Social learning in pigeons
Social learning in crows 
The University of Washington studied this phenomenon with crows: There is a tradeoff between acquiring costly information firsthand and learning that information socially. Using social learning is easier for the individual, but there is a risk of inaccuracy.  The experimenters exposed wild crows to a unique “dangerous face” mask as they trapped, banded, and released 7-15 birds at five different study places around Seattle, WA. An immediate scolding response to the mask after trapping by previously captured crows illustrates that the individual crow learned the danger of that mask. There was a scolding from crows that were captured that had not been captured initially. That response indicates conditioning from the mob of birds that assembled during the capture.
Learning from peers is called horizontal social learning, learning from parents is called vertical social learning. Horizontal social learning is consistent with the lone crows that recognized the dangerous face without ever being captured. Children of captured crow parents were conditioned to scold the dangerous mask, which demonstrates earning from parents. The crows that were captured directly had the most precise discrimination between dangerous and neutral masks than the crows that learned from the experience of their peers. The ability of crows to learn doubled the frequency of scolding, which spread at least 1.2  km from where the experiment started to over a 5-year period at one site.

Observational learning in Everyday Life 
Observational learning allows for new skills to be learned in a wide variety of areas. Demonstrations help the modification of skills and behaviors.
Learning physical activities 
When learning skills for physical activities can be anything that is learned that requires physical movement, such as  learning a sport, learning to eat with a fork, or learning to walk. There are multiple important factors that help with modifying physical skills and psychological responses from an observational learning standpoint. Modeling is a factor in observational learning where the skill level of the model is considered. When someone is supposed to demonstrate a physical skill such as throwing a baseball the model should be able to execute the behavior of throwing the ball flawlessly if the model of learning is a mastery model. Another model that can be used is a coping model: This model would  show a physical skill that they have not yet mastered or achieved high performance in. Both models are found to be effective and can be used. These models can be used as interventions to increase observational learning in practice, competition, and rehabilitation situations.
Neuroscience 
Recent research in neuroscience has shown that mirror neurons are the basis for observational learning. These specialized visuomotor neurons fire action potentials when an individual performs a motor task and also fire when an individual passively observes another individual performing the same motor task. In observational motor learning, the process begins with a visual presentation of another individual performing a motor task, this acts as a model. The learner then needs to transform the observed visual information into internal motor commands that will allow them to perform the same motor task; this is known as visuomotor transformation. Mirror neuron networks provide a mechanism for visuo-motor and motor-visual transformation and interaction. Similar networks of mirror neurons have also been implicated in social learning, motor cognition and social cognition.

References

Further reading on animal social learning
Zentall, T.R. (2006). Imitation: Definitions, evidence, and mechanisms. Animal Cognition, 9  335–353. (A thorough review of different types of social learning) Full text
Learning
Pages with unreviewed translations
Scott O. Lilienfeld (December 23, 1960 – September 30, 2020) was an American psychologist. He was a professor of psychology at Emory University and support for evidence-based treatments. 

He was known for his book 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology. His works have been seen on The New York Times, The New Yorker, and Scientific American.

Lilienfeld has made television appearances on 20/20, CNN and the CBS Evening News.

Lillienfeld died on September 30, 2020 from pancreatic cancer in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 59.

References

1960 births
2020 deaths
American psychologists
Emory University faculty
Scientists from New York City
Jacques Brunhes (7 October 1934 – 30 September 2020) was a French politician. He was a member of the French Communist Party. Brunhes was born in Paris.

He represented Hauts-de-Seine in the National Assembly from 1978 to 2007. Between 2001 to 2002, he was the Minister of Tourism. Before, between 1987 to 2001, he was Mayor of Gennevilliers.

Brunhes died on 30 September 2020 at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
French mayors
Politicians from Paris
French communists
Louis Brown Johnson (September 22, 1934 – September 30, 2020) was an American baseball player. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky. In 1965, he became a World Series champion. His career lasted between 1960 to 1969. 

Johnson played for the Chicago Cubs, Los Angeles Angels, Milwaukee Braves, Los Angeles Dodgers, Cleveland Indians and California Angels.

Johnson died on September 30, 2020 in Los Angeles, just one week after his 86th birthday.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Chicago Cubs players
Los Angeles Angels players
Milwaukee Braves players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Cleveland Indians players
California Angels players
Sportspeople from Kentucky
People from Lexington, Kentucky
John Jenkins (May 29, 1952September 30, 2020) was an American martial artist, motivational speaker, community organizer, and politician. He was born in Newark, New Jersey.

He was the first African American Mayor of Lewiston, Maine from 1994 to 1998, a Member of the Maine Senate from 1996 to 1998 and the Mayor of Auburn, Maine from 2007 to 2009.

Jenkins unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Maine in 2018 as an Independent, losing to Democrat Janet T. Mills.

Jenkins died on September 30, 2020 at the age of 68.

References

1952 births
2020 deaths
American mayors
Politicians from Newark, New Jersey
Politicians from Maine
People from Lewiston, Maine
American martial artists
Leonard A. Mastroni (May 28, 1949 – September 30, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Republican member for the 117th district in the Kansas House of Representatives from 2017 to 2020. Mastroni was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Mastroni died on September 30, 2020 in La Crosse, Kansas at age 71.

References

1949 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Kansas
Politicians from Connecticut
People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Republican Party (United States) politicians
White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America is a  silent film. It was filmed in 1910, in the USA.  James Young Deer wrote and directed the film, but is not credited for this. His wife,  Lillian St. Cyr is credited for playing Princess Red Wing as "White Fawn". The lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description, so few people believe she played in the film.  The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps.

White Fawn's Devotion is the earliest surviving film directed by a Native American.  It was one of the earlier films  French company Pathé shot in America. A reviewer in the New York Dramatic Mirror wrote that the film "proves to be interesting if we can forget the New Jersey scenery" and noted that "it is not quite clear where the devotion comes in, nor of what it consists.".

In 2008, the movie was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Plot 
When a settler in the Dakotas learns that he will inherit a large fortune, his Native American wife is upset.  Believing that she will lose her husband if he returns East, she stabs herself with a knife.  Her husband finds her and removes the knife, but their daughter sees him with the knife in his hand and her apparently dead mother. The girl believes that  her father committed the murder,  and alerts the nearby Indian village. Several Indians then chase the settler.  When the settler is captured, the Indians intend to put him to death until White Fawn miraculously comes to life again. She tells the truth to the Indians. This ending, in which an interracial couple ends up together, is a rare occurrence for this period of film production.
Production 
James Young Deer (also known as J. Younger Johnston or James Young Johnson)  was believed to be the first Native American film director.  His ancestors were members of the Nanticoke people of Delaware.  Young Deer was hired by Pathé Frères as a director and scenario writer and frequently worked in collaboration with his actress wife Lillian St. Cyr, also known by her stage name Princess Red Wing. He made over 100 movies.  White Fawn's Devotion is one of them.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

1910 movies
1910s drama movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
South Ogden is a city in Weber County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census, 17,488 people lived in South Ogden. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Cities in Utah
Charles Michael Adler (born October 2, 1956) is an American voice actor, comedian, television writer and voice director.

He is known for his roles as Buster Bunny in Tiny Toon Adventures, Ed and Bev Bighead in Rocko's Modern Life, Dinko in Pet Alien and Ickis in Aaahh!!! Real Monsters.

References

Other websites
 
 

1956 births
Living people
American voice actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American stage actors
American television writers
Comedians from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Actors from New Jersey
Goodbye Charlie is a 1964 American fantasy comedy movie directed by Vincente Minnelli and was based on the 1959 play of the same name by George Axelrod. It stars Tony Curtis, Debbie Reynolds, Pat Boone, Ellen Burstyn, Joanna Barnes, Laura Devon, Walter Matthau, Martin Gabel, Michael Romanoff and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 
 

1964 fantasy movies
1964 comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
Movies based on plays
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Vincente Minnelli
Noordwijk is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 42,859 people lived there.

In 2019, the former municipality of Noordwijkerhout became a part of Noordwijk.

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Oegstgeest is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 24,426 people lived there.

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Papendrecht is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 32,290 people lived there.

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Alblasserwaard
In September and October 2020, multiple people at the White House tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Background
On September16, it was reported that at least one unnamed staffer had tested positive.

On October 1, President Donald Trump, his wife Melania Trump, press advisor Hope Hicks, presidential campaign manager Bill Stepien, and former White House counselor Kellyanne Conway tested positive for the coronavirus. Claudia Conway, the daughter of Kellyanne Conway, announced on Oct 4 that she had tested positive as well. On October5, White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany announced she had also tested positive.

Trump tested positive days after the first presidential debate against Joe Biden in Cleveland, Ohio. Around eleven people tested positive who worked at the debates in Cleveland. Some of Trump's personal aides who prepared him for the debates also tested positive.
Many of the cases were rooted to be at the announcement of Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the United States Supreme Court on September 26 and at a Trump campaign fundraiser event in Bedminster, New Jersey on October 1.

That same day, it was revealed that Senators Thom Tillis and Mike Lee both tested positive, as well as University of Notre Dame president John I. Jenkins. Three members of the White House press corps, including Michael D. Shear, also tested positive. 

On October 2, Trump was hospitalized at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. 

Also on October 2, many individuals connected to the White House were diagnosed with COVID-19.

Trump response
Trump response

On October 4, Trump left the hospital in order to ride past a gathering of supporters at the medical center, waving from the back seat of an SUV, before returning to the hospital. This was seen as a political stunt and many criticized Trump for possible putting other people at risk for getting infected. Many Secret Service agents were upset at Trump as he could have infected them with one agent saying: "He's not even pretending to care now".

Reaction

The incident has been compared to the non-fatal shooting of Ronald Reagan in 1981, which saw similar concerns over continuity of government amid incapacitation of the president.

Stock markets briefly fell more than 1.5 percent after Trump announced his diagnosis, but they cut their losses after Pelosi said she anticipated an economic relief deal. The S&P 500 Index ended the day down almost 1 percent.
Twitter announced that any posts wishing for Trump's death would be removed for violating the platform's terms of service. Congresswomen Rashida Tlaib, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, and Ayanna Pressley criticized Twitter for not taking threats against them seriously, pointing to longstanding posts calling for their deaths that had not been removed. Facebook and TikTok announced similar policies.

Tested negative
Vice President Mike Pence and his wife Karen, Presidential candidate Joe Biden, Biden's running mate Kamala Harris, Biden's wife Jill Biden, Attorney General William Barr, and Trump Supreme Court nominee Amy Coney Barrett all tested negative in the day following public revelation of the outbreak. 

Many of Trump's family members, including Ivanka Trump, Barron Trump, Jared Kushner, Eric Trump, and Donald Trump Jr. also received a negative result.

Cases

References

September 2020 events
October 2020 events
Donald Trump
COVID-19 pandemic
2020 in the United States
Pijnacker-Nootdorp is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 54,331 people lived there.

Municipalities of South Holland
Ridderkerk is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 46,241 people lived there.

 
Settlements in South Holland
Northville is a city in Oakland and Wayne counties in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 5,970 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Michigan
Moordrecht is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2010, it has been part of the municipality of Zuidplas.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Zuidplas
Atco is an unincorporated community in Waterford Township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the Philadelphia-Camden metropolitan area.

References

Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Waterford Township is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States.  As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 10,649.

References

Townships in New Jersey
Rijswijk is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 53,467 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Ranoidea robinsonae is a frog from Papua New Guinea.  Scientists saw it in Gulf Province but they think it lives in other places as well.

This frog is mostly green in color on the back with pale stripes.  Three adult male frogs were 28.3-28.7 mm long from nose to rear end.  Some of these frogs have dark spots.

Scientists say this frog is related to the dainty green tree frog.

References

Frogs of Oceania
Bergambacht is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the new municipality of Krimpenerwaard.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Nederlek is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the new municipality of Krimpenerwaard.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Ouderkerk is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the new municipality of Krimpenerwaard.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Schoonhoven is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the new municipality of Krimpenerwaard.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Cities in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Vlist is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the new municipality of Krimpenerwaard.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2010, it has been part of the new municipality of Zuidplas.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Zuidplas
Zevenhuizen-Moerkapelle is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2010, it has been part of the new municipality of Zuidplas.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Zuidplas
Nicorhynchus (meaning "knucker snout"; a knucker is a type of water dragon) was a pterosaur that has been discovered in both England and Morocco. Both species (N. capito and N. fluviferox) were originally species of Coloborhynchus.

References

Pterosaurs
Cretaceous
Animals of Africa
Zuidplas is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 42,762 people lived there.

It was created on 1 January 2010 from the former municipalities of Moordrecht, Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel and Zevenhuizen-Moerkapelle.

References 

 
2010 establishments in the Netherlands
Schiedam is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 77,999 people lived there.

Cities in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Sliedrecht is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 25,026 people lived there.

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Alblasserwaard
Vlaardingen is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 72,404 people lived there.

Cities in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Rozenburg is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. On 18 March 2010, it has become a part of the municipality of Rotterdam.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Rotterdam
Voorschoten is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 25,479 people lived there.

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Rhys Llywelyn Isaac (20 November 1937 – 6 October 2010) was a South African-born Australian historian of American history. Isaac won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for History for his book The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790. He is the only Australian historian to win a Pulitzer Prize. In 1963, he moved to Australia, where he taught at the University of Melbourne. He later worked at La Trobe University from 1971 to 1999, where he was Emeritus Professor of American History. In 1975, Isaac was a Distinguished Visiting Professor of Early American History at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States.

Isaac was born in Cape Town. His twin brother, Glynn, was an archaeologist. His parents, William Edwyn Isaac and Frances Margaret Leighton, were botanists. 

On 6 October 2010, Isaac died of cancer in Blairgowrie, Victoria. He was 72.

References
References

1937 births
2010 deaths
Australian historians
Cancer deaths in Victoria (Australia)
People from Cape Town
Pulitzer Prize winners
Naturalised citizens of Australia
White South African people
Twin people from Australia
Reece Mastin (born 24 November 1994) is an English-born Australian singer and songwriter. He won the third season of The X Factor Australia in 2011. Mastin then signed with Sony Music Australia. His first single, "Good Night", reached number one in Australia and New Zealand. The song also became Sony Music Australia's fastest selling digital single. Mastin's three studio albums are Reece Mastin, Beautiful Nightmare and Change Colours.

Mastin was born in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire. At the age of 11, he moved with his family to Greenwith, a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia.

References

Other websites

 
 

1994 births
Living people
Australian pop singers
Australian rock singers
Australian singer-songwriters
Naturalised citizens of Australia
People from Adelaide
People from Lincolnshire
The X Factor winners
Electropop singers
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command is an American animated television series. It is an action-comedy science fiction superhero series based on the movie Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins. The series is made by Pixar Animation Studios and Walt Disney Television Animation.

Patrick Warburton was the voice of the main character Buzz in the series. He replaced Tim Allen who provided the voice in the Toy Story movies.  The series was broadcast for two seasons.

Synopsis 
The series is set on Capital Planet and other planets.  Space Rangers are led by Star Command of the Galactic Alliance.  The main villain in the series is named Zurg.

References

Toy Story
Television series by Disney
2000s American animated television series
2000s American children's television series
American fantasy television series
2000 American television series debuts
2002 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Irina Vyacheslavovna Murakhtaeva (; née Kolebanova; 8 January 1973 – 2 October 2020), better known as Irina Slavina, was a Russian journalist. She was the editor-in-chief of the Koza.Press, which she founded in 2015. She was born in Gorky (now known as Nizhny Novgorod). She was married and had a daughter.

On 2 October 2020, Slavina died by suicide after setting herself on fire (self-immolation). She was 47. Before her death, she wrote a post on Facebook asking the public to blame the Russian Federation for her death. She carried out the action in front of the building of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.

References

1973 births
2020 deaths
Russian journalists
Suicide in 2020
Writers who committed suicide
People from Nizhny Novgorod
Woody Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 290.

References

Census-designated places in Colorado
Kaba Gandhi No Delo (literally "Kaba Gandhi's house"), was Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi's primary family home in India until 1915, including during those years when he stayed in London and in South Africa. In Gujarati, the words Kaba Gandhi No Delo literally means 'Kaba Gandhi's residence'. Kaba Gandhi was another name for Gandhi's father Karamchand Gandhi.

References

Buildings and structures in India
Waddinxveen is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 28,316 people lived there.

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Wassenaar is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 26,211 people lived there.

Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Westland is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 108,603 people lived there.

Municipalities of South Holland
Westvoorne is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2022, 14,960 people lived there.

On 1 January 2023, it was merged with the former municipalities of Brielle and Hellevoetsluis to form the new municipality of Voorne aan Zee.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Voorne and Zee
Zoeterwoude is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 8,450 people lived there.

Municipalities of South Holland
Molenwaard is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland.

It was created on 1 January 2013 from the former municipalities of Graafstroom, Liesveld and Nieuw-Lekkerland. Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Molenlanden.

2010s establishments in the Netherlands
2013 establishments in Europe
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Molenlanden
Graafstroom is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland.

Since 2013, it had been part of the new municipality of Molenwaard. In 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Molenlanden.

1980s establishments in the Netherlands
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Molenlanden
Liesveld is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland.

Since 2013, it had been part of the new municipality of Molenwaard. In 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Molenlanden.

1980s establishments in the Netherlands
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Molenlanden
Nieuw-Lekkerland is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland.

Since 2013, it had been part of the new municipality of Molenwaard. In 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Molenlanden.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Molenlanden
Dirksland is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2013, it has been part of the new municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee
Christine is a horror novel by American writer Stephen King, published on April 29, 1983. It is about a possessed 1958 Plymouth Fury.

On December 9, 1983 a movie of the same name was released.

1983 books
Books by Stephen King
Goedereede is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2013, it has been part of the new municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Cities in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee
Middelharnis is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2013, it has been part of the new municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee
Oostflakkee is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2013, it has been part of the new municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee
Boskoop is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2014, it has been part of the municipality of Alphen aan den Rijn.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Alphen aan den Rijn
Rijnwoude is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland.

History 
Rijnwoude was created on 1 January 1991 as Rijneveld from the former municipalities of Benthuizen, Hazerswoude and Koudekerk aan den Rijn. In 1993, the municipality was renamed to Rijnwoude. In 2014, it has been part of the municipality of Alphen aan den Rijn.

References 

1991 establishments in the Netherlands
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Alphen aan den Rijn
Noordwijkerhout is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2019, it has been part of the municipality of Noordwijk.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Zederik is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland.

History 
It was created on 1 January 1986 from the former municipalities of Ameide, Hei- en Boeicop, Leerbroek, Lexmond, Meerkerk, Nieuwland, and Tienhoven aan de Lek. Zederik merged with Leerdam and Vianen to form the new municipality of Vijfheerenlanden in the province of Utrecht on 1 January 2019.

1980s establishments in the Netherlands
1986 establishments in Europe
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Alblasserwaard
Vijfheerenlanden
Bernisse is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the new municipality of Nissewaard.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Nissewaard
Spijkenisse is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the new municipality of Nissewaard.

The city has about 72,500 people.

21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Cities in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Nissewaard
Almelo is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 73,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region.

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

Cities in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
Twente
Borne is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 24,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region.

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

Settlements in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
Twente
Dalfsen is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 29,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies at the Vecht river in the region of Salland.

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

Settlements in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
Salland
Dinkelland is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 27,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region and borders Germany.

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

2002 establishments in the Netherlands
Municipalities of Overijssel
Twente