Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Features

It is architecturally similar to the Linux Advanced Radio Terminal and the Intel StrongARM reference platform. It has processor Intel StrongARM 200+ MHz, 64MB of RAM, 32MB Flash ROM and may use cheap smart-cards with capacity 8KB. It has also USB connectivity and software modem so might be connect to the internet. 320x240 LCD interface in Simputer is with a touch panel overlay on liquid-crystal display. Operating system runs on a version of the Linux Kernel (computer science). Type of the software used in Simputer is text-to-speech. This tool may use speakers and microphone because it has special jacks. It has also built-in Infrared Data Association (IrDA) port. The device is powered by 3 AAA sized NiMH batteries.

Licensees

The Simputer Trust has licensed to manufacturers to produce devices based on the Simputer. These companies are: PicoPeta Simputers and Encore Technologies.

Future prospects
Future prospects

The tool developed is very generic and has similarities to many other countries. It is ideally suited for developing and under developed countries like: India, Azerbaijan, Mauritius, Mongolia, Ghana, Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Thailand or Vietnam.

Sources
 http://www.simputer.org/simputer/history/ 
 http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/digitalbridges/materials/marwaha_paper.pdf (International  Cooperation in the ICT Field: Bridging the Digital Divide)
 http://indic-computing.sourceforge.net/designaxes/analysis.html
 http://www.simputer.org/simputer/about/

Other websites
 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1535992.stm
 http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=85140
 http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Systems/Handhelds/Open_Source/Simputer/
 http://www.amidasimputer.com/ 
 http://www.picopeta.com/
 http://www.rediff.com/money/2001/apr/24spec.htm
 http://www.ncoretech.com/products/ia/simputer/index.html 

Personal digital assistants
Stonewall UK is a gay rights organisation in the United Kingdom which was named after the Stonewall riots. 

It was created in 1989 by Labour Party members who were trying to change section 28 of the Local Government Act. Many famous people, such as Sir Ian McKellen and Michael Cashman were among those who made it. Stonewall is in London. Stonewall Scotland has offices in Edinburgh and Glasgow and Stonewall Cymru is based in both Cardiff and Bangor in North Wales.

Stonewall showed ideas for change to the government. It did not start out as a membership organisation. Since Labour came into power in 1997, however, it has now become active in developing policy (political ideas) to protect the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.
Results 
Some of Stonewall's best known early work was backing legal test cases in the European Court of Human Rights. These included:
 teenager Chris Morris, who successfully challenged the unequal age of consent laws.
 Duncan Lustig-Prean, Jeanette Smith, Graham Grady and John Beckett, who successfully challenged the ban on gays in the military.
 Lisa Grant, who sued her employer, South West Trains, for equal pay and benefits.
In the last few years it was successful in parliamentary lobbying. Its previous director Angela Mason (1992 to 2002) was awarded an OBE "for services to homosexual rights". Under her direction, Stonewall persuaded parliament to change the 2002 Adoption and Children Bill so that lesbian and gay couples were treated the same as heterosexuals. Under its current Chief Executive, Ben Summerskill, it was closely involved in successful parliamentary campaigns to repeal Section 28 of the Local Government Act (2003); make attacks on gay people separate crimes (that is, anti-gay hate crimes), through the Criminal Justice Act 2003; introduce the Civil Partnership Act 2004 giving gay and lesbian couples "civil union" almost the same as a civil marriage; and introduce the "2007 Sexual Orientation Regulations" under the Equality Act 2006, to stop discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation.
Stonewall helps 300 big employers across Britain by giving advice and support to lesbian and gay staff. These companies include IBM, Credit Suisse, the Inland Revenue and the Royal Navy. 

The "Education for All" campaign was started in 2005. Stonewall and 70 other organsiations help to stop homophobic bullying in British schools. Section 28 of the Local government Act made any sort of teaching about homosexuality difficult, and the Education for All campaign started after section 28 was repealed.

Criticism 
Grass-roots activists such as Peter Tatchell have accused Stonewall of allowing discrimination by holding regular meetings of celebrities and politicians. The meetings were supported by big businesses such as HSBC, even though HSBC is accused of dismissing someone because of their sexual orientation.
Stonewall supported the Civil Partnership bill. Many other groups did not, and they formed a group called the "Coalition for Marriage Equality", saying that the new Civil Partnership Bill made a separate yet equal system "not unlike apartheid". Many LGBT people who were not part of these groups liked the bill, and Stonewall got a lot of new members. Now Stonewall gets more money from its 10,000 individual supporters than it does money from its business supporters.

Related pages
LGBT rights in the United Kingdom

Other websites 
 Stonewall official site
 Stonewall Cymru
 Stonewall Scotland

1989 establishments in the United Kingdom
LGBT organisations in the United Kingdom
LGBT politics in the United Kingdom
James Branch Cabell (1879 – 1958) was an American writer. He wrote fantasy fiction. His name is pronounced "CAB-ble".

Life 
Cabell was born and lived most of his life in Richmond, Virginia. He spent the winters in Florida until the death of his first wife in 1949. He retired in Florida. 

Cabell was born into a rich Virginian family. His father, Robert Gamble Cabell II (1847–1922), was a physician. His mother, Anne Harris (1859–1915), was the daughter of Col. and Mrs James R. Branch. Cabell's great-grandfather, William H. Cabell, was Governor of Virginia from 1805 to 1808. Cabell was the oldest of three boys . His brothers were Robert Gamble Cabell III (1881–1968) and John Lottier Cabell (1883–1946). His parents separated and were later divorced in 1907.
He went to the College of William and Mary in 1894 at the age of fifteen. He graduated in 1898. While an undergraduate, Cabell taught French and Greek at the college. Ellen Glasgow, a writer and close friend of Cabell said that he had a friendship with a professor at the college which some people thought was "too intimate". Because of this, Cabell had to leave the college. He was later allowed back and finished his degree.

Cabell worked from 1898 to 1900 as a newspaper reporter in New York City. He returned to Richmond in 1901. In Richmond, he worked several months for the Richmond News. 

Many things happened to Cabell in 1901. His first stories were accepted for publication. It was believed for a short time that Cabell murdered John Scott, a rich person in Richmond. There was a rumor that Scott was "involved" with Cabell's mother.
In 1902, seven of his stories appeared in national magazines. Over the ten years, he wrote many short stories and articles. These were published in well-known magazines including Harper's Monthly Magazine and the Saturday Evening Post.

Between 1911 and 1913, he worked for his uncle in the office of the Branch coal mines in West Virginia. On November 8, 1913, he married Priscilla Bradley Shepherd. She was a widow with five children from an earlier marriage. In 1915, Priscilla gave birth to a son, Ballard Hartwell Cabell. Priscilla died in March of 1949. In June 1950, Cabell married Margaret Waller Freeman.

During his life, Cabell published fifty-two books. These included novels, genealogy, collections of short stories, poetry, and miscellanea. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1937. Today, the modern languages house and an endowed law professorship at the College of William and Mary are named for him.
Cabell died of a cerebral hemorrhage. He is buried in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. 

In 1970, Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond named its main campus library "James Branch Cabell Library". In the 1970s, Cabell's library and personal papers were moved from his home on Monument Avenue to the James Branch Cabell Library. The collection includes some 3,000 volumes, manuscripts, notebooks and scrapbooks, periodicals, letters (including conversations with noted writers such as H.L. Mencken, Ellen Glasgow, Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser), newspaper clippings, photographs, criticisms, printed material, publishers' agreements and statements of sales. 

The VCU undergraduate literary journal at the university is named Poictesme after the fictional province in his book Jurgen.
Works 
Cabell published about fifty books. Most of these are not well known. His eighth book, Jurgen, (1919) was the most popular. The hero, Jurgen, goes on a journey through ever more fantastic places. He even goes to hell and heaven. Everywhere he goes, he seduces the local women, even the Devil's wife. 

The book was seen as being bad by the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. They tried to bring a prosecution for obscenity. The case went on for two years before Cabell and his publishers won. Many of the things in the book were double entendres. They had one meaning which was bad and also had a decent meaning. It appeared that what had actually offended the prosecution most was a joke about papal infallibility. Cabell took an author's revenge. The new edition of 1926 included a 'lost' section which was not in the earlier version. In it, the hero is put on trial by the Philistines. A large dung beetle is the chief prosecutor.
Other works include Figures of Earth. This introduces Manuel the Redeemer. He took control of a realm by playing on others' expectations. His motto is Mundus Vult Decipi. This means 'the world wishes to be deceived'. The Silver Stallion is a sequel. It deals with the adventures of the knights in Manuel's company after he left them. 

Cabell is now forgotten by most people but his work affected later writers of fantasy fiction. Robert Heinlein's Job, A comedy of Justice has an appearance of the Slavic god Koschei (from Jurgen). Fritz Leiber's Swords of Lankhmar was also affected by Jurgen. Jack Vance's Dying Earth books show a similar style to Cabell's writing. Cugel the Clever in those books is very similar to Jurgen.

References

Other websites 

James Branch Cabell
 Encyclopaedia Britannica
 James Branch Cabell Library  (Virginia Commonwealth University)
 Poictesme, Virginia Commonwealth University's literary journal
Cabell works online
 Domnei  (Litrix Reading Room)
 Jurgen: A Comedy of Justice (University of Virginia)
 The Cream of The Jest  (University of Wisconsin)
 

Bibliographies
 Chronology of James Branch Cabell's Published Works 

1879 births
1958 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Writers from Richmond, Virginia
Gela is a city in the Italian region of Sicily. It is in the province of Caltanissetta in the south of Sicily. The city is at about 84km from the province's capital of Caltanissetta, on the Mediterranean Sea. The city has a larger population than the capital and is second largest in land area.

Gela is an important industrial city and port town. One important industry that is located here is that of petroleum refinery. The city can be reached from other cities, like Syracuse and Caltanissetta, by train.

References 

Cities in Sicily
Settlements in Caltanissetta
Kamasutra (), also known in Western countries as the Kama Sutra, is an ancient Indian book on love. It was written by Mallanaga Vatsyayana. Part of the book deals with human sexual behavior.

References 

Books about sexuality
3rd-century works
Lu Sheng-Yen (盧勝彥, Lú Shèngyàn) (27 June 1945),  is the founder and spiritual leader of the True Buddha School, which is a religious group with teachings taken from Taoism and Buddhism. He is called Master Lu by his followers. Within his sect, he is also known as Living Buddha Lian Sheng (蓮生活佛, Liansheng Huófó). He is worshipped by his followers as a Living Buddha.

His organization says that over five million students have taken Buddhist refuge under Lu. There are also more than three hundred local chapters of the True Buddha School, including thirty major temples, such as the Ling Shen Ching Tze Temple in Redmond, Washington, where he lives now. Many of his followers are from Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia.

Lu is married to Lian Hsiang, who is also a vajra master. She is referred as Grand Madam Lu. Lu and Lian Hsiang have two children.
Life
Lu was born in Chiayi County, Taiwan in 1945. He was raised a Christian and attended a Protestant school. His post-secondary education was at Chung Cheng Institute of Technology. He graduated with a degree in Survey Engineering. In his early twenties he was both a survey engineer and a Sunday school Bible teacher.

Lu has written that he had a mystical experience in 1969. This lead him to seek out a total of twenty-one human gurus in Taoism, Sutra, and Tantra. In 1982, Lu moved to the United States, and lived in the state of Washington.

To date, Lu has written over 200 books in Chinese on various topics, including feng shui and poetry.

According to his website, he went into hiding in Tahiti for six years starting late 2000 and lived in Taichung, Taiwan. Today he lives in the state of Washington.
Teachings
Lu teaches the Mahamudra way of attaining enlightenment. His teachings follow the traditional stages of the practice of the Four Preliminaries, followed by Guru Yoga, Deity Yoga, the Vajra Practices, and finally Highest Yoga Tantra. Lu has written that his spiritual gurus included the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje and Tai Situ Rinpoche.

He describes the state of enlightenment using the allegory of Padmakumara, whom he identifies with Amitabha Buddha and his own enlightened self.

According to Noah Casey, Lu's teachings do not prohibit the consumption of meat and alcohol; however, "The consumption of alcohol is limited to quantities not resulting in intoxication, and the eating of meat is restricted to animals not butchered especially for the person consuming. Before consuming either of these, or any other nutritional substance, a special prayer is required. For meats, the spirit of the animal must be delivered." This is consistent with the Vajrayana traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.
Controversies
Lu made headlines during an investigation by the Washington State Public Disclosure Commission into his cash donations to  Chinese American politician Gary Locke, who Lu had hoped would run for President of the United States. Locke was cleared of any wrongdoing by the commission in 1998.<ref name="weekly">Anderson, Rick. Sex and the buddha  in the Seattle Weekly, 5 September 2001.</ref>

He was also sued in civil court by a former disciple, who called herself SHC, a 41-year-old Malaysian immigrant, over claims of sexual misconduct, after the King County, Washington prosecutor declined to file charges for lack of evidence. The case was dismissed by King County Superior Court Judge Kathleen Learned citing constitutional issues. In the case S.H.C. v. Sheng-Yen Lu, the Superior Court of King County granted the Temple's motion for summary judgment, and the Court of Appeals later "affirm[ed] the trial court's grant of summary judgment dismissing all claims against the Temple."
Lu has been criticized by Tsering Phuri, the president of TIBETcenter, who said "People should not say, `I am a living Buddha'".
However, this title was called by his diciples or people who believed in him back to 30 or 40 years ago in Taiwan, and Lu also admitted that he is the incarnated body of the Buddha.

Notes

References
 Casey, Noah. The True Buddha School: A Field Research Report on The Chan Hai Lei Zang Temple''. Montreal Religious Sites Project.

Other websites
 True Buddha School Net (Official site)

1945 births
Living people
Buddhist clergy
Taiwanese religious leaders
Writers from Washington (state)
The Australian Open is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. It is the first one of the year. It is played in Melbourne, Australia. The Australian Open has been played on three different surfaces:
Grass (1905–1987)
Rebound Ace (a type of hard court, 1988–2007)
Plexicushion (a faster type of hard court, (2008–present)

Before 1983, many of the best tennis players did not play at the tournament. This was because the Australian Open was far away from Europe and North America and was not considered as important as the other Grand Slam tournaments.
Heat policy
The tournament is played in January, during the Australian summer. In 1998 an extreme heat rule was brought in. It is the only major tournament that has a heat policy. If the temperature gets higher than 35 degrees (C) matches may have to be stopped for a short time, because players feel dehydrated. Matches on the outside courts are stopped. The roof over the main stadium courts can be closed, and cooling systems turned on. In 2007 the temperature on the courts reached 50 degrees Celsius.
Winners
2022 Rafael Nadal and Ashleigh Barty
2021 Novak Djokovic and Naomi Osaka
 2020 Novak Djokovic and Sofia Kenin
 2019 Novak Djokovic and Naomi Osaka
 2018 Roger Federer and Caroline Wozniacki
 2017 Roger Federer and Serena Williams
 2016 Novak Djokovic and Angelique Kerber
 2015 Novak Djokovic and Serena Williams
 2014 Stan Wawrinka and Li Na
 2013 Novak Djokovic and Victoria Azarenka
 2012 Novak Djokovic and Victoria Azarenka
 2011 Novak Djokovic and Kim Clijsters
 2010 Roger Federer and Serena Williams
 2009 Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams
 2008 Novak Djokovic and Maria Sharapova 
 2007 Roger Federer and Serena Williams
 2006 Roger Federer and Amélie Mauresmo 
 2005 Marat Safin and Serena Williams
 2004 Roger Federer and Justine Henin-Hardenne

References

Other websites
 Australian Open website

Tennis tournaments in Australia
Grand Slam tennis tournaments
1905 establishments
1900s establishments in Australia
Adrian Willaert (pronounce: AH-dree-ahn VIL-art), (born Flanders about 1490; died Venice, 7 December  1562) was a Flemish composer in the Renaissance period.  He was one of the most important composers of his time.  He went to Italy when he was young and spent the rest of his life there.  He belonged to the group of composers who lived and worked in Venice at the time, and who were known as the “Venetian School”.

Life 
He may have been born in Bruges which is now in Belgium, although we are not sure.  One of his students, Gioseffo Zarlino, who became a well-known music theorist, said that Willaert went to Paris first to study law, but then decided to study music.  In Paris he met Jean Mouton, the main composer of the French royal chapel, and studied with him.  Mouton taught him to write music in the style of Josquin, whose music was very polyphonic with the voices imitating one another a lot.
Sometime around 1515 Willaert first went to Rome.  There is a story, which is probably true, that Willaert was surprised to find the Pope’s choir singing something he had composed.  The choir thought it had been composed by Josquin, who was very famous by then.  When the young Willaert told them that he himself was the composer, the choir did not believe the young man, and refused to sing it again.

In July 1515, Willaert worked for the Cardinal Ippolito I d'Este of Ferrara.  Ippolito liked to travel, and he often took Willaert and other musicians with him to places such as Hungary, where he probably spent two years, from 1517 to 1519.  When Ippolito died in 1520, Willaert worked for Duke Alfonso d'Este of Ferrara.  In 1522 Willaert had a job at the court chapel of Duke Alfonso; he stayed there until 1525.
Willaert then got the most important musical job in the whole of Europe at that time: he became maestro di cappella (director of music) at the church of St. Mark's at Venice.  The director who had been there before had not been very good, so Willaert made the music in that church really great again.  He stayed in that job until his death.  He was very famous and young composers came from all over Europe to study with him and learn how to be a composer.

Musical style and influence 
Willaert was one of the greatest composers of the Renaissance and the most important composer in Europe between the death of Josquin and the time of Palestrina.

He wrote music in lots of forms, especially church music, madrigals and instrumental pieces called ricercar.

References 

 The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.  

1490s births
1562 deaths
Renaissance composers
Franco-Flemish composers
Sydney Harbour (also called Port Jackson) is a natural harbour on the East Coast of Australia in Sydney. It is the location of the  Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

History 

Before the arrival of European settlers, the area surrounding Sydney Harbour was home to a variety of aboriginal tribes, including members of the Gadigal, Cammeraygal, Eora and Wanegal tribes. It is believed (source?) that the Gadigal people once lived in the area heading from the south side of Port Jackson (South Head, Watsons Bay) and west in a semi circle through Petersham. The Cammeraygal tribe lived on the northern side of Sydney Harbour and the Wanegal tribe owned the area on the southern side of the Parramatta River, just west of Petersham and through to Rose Hill. The Eora tribe lived on the southern side of Sydney Harbour, not far from where the First Fleet set up camp.
In 1770, shortly after he left Botany Bay (Kurnell Peninsula), Lt James Cook became the first non-Aboriginal person to visit Sydney Harbour.  Cook named it [Sydney Harbour] after Sir George Jackson. He did not go into the harbour, but sailed past the entrance (Sydney Heads) on his way north up the East Coast of Australia. 

European settlement started on January 26, 1788 when Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet arrived from England. Phillip brought 732 convicts (prisoners) and a small group of soldiers to start a penal colony. They landed at a small inlet which they called Sydney Cove after Lord Sydney, who was the British government's Home Secretary.
Islands 
There are lots of islands inside Sydney Harbour, including Shark Island, Clark Island, Fort Denison, Goat Island, Cockatoo Island, Spectacle Island, Snapper Island and Rodd Island. Some other former islands, including Bennelong Island, Garden Island and Berry Island are now connected to the mainland by bridge or by landfill. There are several islands only accessible by boat, for example Fort Denison and Cockatoo Island. Boat hire operators offer charter trips or self-drive options to these locations.

References

Other websites
A Living Harbour A history of Sydney Harbour from ABC Radio National

Sydney
Geography of New South Wales
Bays of Australia
Vex may refer to:

 Vex, a robotic construction kit
 Vex, a fictional character in the Sackboy franchise
FIRST Vex Challenge, a robotics competition
 Vex, Switzerland
 Vex (album), an album by Steel Pulse
Vex (brachiopod), a brachiopod genus.
 Vex Red, an English rock band
 The Vex, a music club started by Self-Help Graphics & Art, Inc
 Z.Vex Fuzz Factory, a brand of fuzz box used for musical effects
 Virgin Express, an airline created by the Virgin Group
Billy Ray Cyrus (born August 25, 1961) is an American singer, songwriter and actor.

He is best known for his popular single "Achy Breaky Heart" (1992).

From 2001 to 2004, Cyrus starred in the television series Doc. The series was about a country doctor who moved from Montana to New York City. He was in the Disney Channel series, Hannah Montana, which he co-starred with his daughter Miley Cyrus.

Related pages
List of country musicians from Kentucky

References

Other websites
 
 Billy Ray Cyrus at CMT.com
 
 
 Archive of  .

1961 births
Living people
Actors from Tennessee
Country musicians from Tennessee
American country singers
American movie actors
American television actors
Musicians from Tennessee
Singers from Tennessee
How to Grow a Woman from the Ground is a 2006 album by Chris Thile, who made the album with the How to Grow a Band, credited to Chris Thile. It was released on September 12, 2006. The album is named after a song on the album; a cover of a song by American singer Tom Brosseau.

The album got mostly good reviews from important music critics, with some critics saying that the album was “fantastic, eclectic”, and “genius”. The album got Thile a Grammy Award-nomination in 2007.
For a side project away from his band Nickel Creek, Chris Thile knew he wanted to form a five-piece string band that featured mandolin, violin, banjo, acoustic guitar, and double bass. Thile also wanted the band to feature his friend and fiddle player Gabe Witcher, but didn’t know what kind of band he wanted it to be. At the Telluride Bluegrass Festival in Colorado, Thile met banjo player Noam Pikelny and later said that “every note he played was something I wish I’d played”. At that time, Thile decided that he wanted “put [his] stamp” on the normal bluegrass band. Thile wanted to find five people to make the five-piece band he planned. He had already found fiddle, banjo, and mandolin players, so he just had to find double bass and acoustic guitar players. The bass player Thile was looking for turned out to be Greg Garrison, a friend of Noam Pikelny. Before this, Pikelny had played with Garrison in the band Leftover Salmon
. The guitar player Thile needed became Chris Eldridge, famous as a member of the Infamous Stringdusters. The five people met up in Nashville on one day in 2005 and decided to “do something musical together”. A few days later, the group met again “to drop a ton of money, drink too much wine, eat steaks, and [talk] about our failed relationships”. That night, they formed a bluegrass band.
A few months later, the group decided to record an album. The album was recorded in two days at Sear Sound Recording Studios in New York City. The album was not made digitally, but in the old-fashioned way: on tape. In an interview with the United States magazine Guitar Player, Chris Thile talked about how How to Grow a Woman from the Ground was recorded:  How to Grow a Woman from the Ground was produced by Thile, and the only musicians on the album was the band that Thile chose. The band was later named the "How to Grow a Band".
How to Grow a Woman from the Ground takes influence from several musical genres, “drawing equally from traditional bluegrass, progressive acoustic, and singer-songwriter traditions”. One music critic called the album “roots oriented”. Bluegrass mandolin player Ronnie McCoury became the album’s official “bluegrass guru” to make sure that there was “someone who could make sure we didn’t do anything clichéd or trite”. When discussing the album’s musical style, Chris Thile said that “All in all, How to Grow a Woman from the Ground is a bluegrass record. There are definitely some musical things that are out of the ordinary, but it sounds like a bluegrass record to me.” Much of Thile's work on the album was inspired by his divorce, and Thile said that he could relate to the title of the album, a Tom Brosseau song. Thile said that he "got my ass kicked by the last relationship I was in. This girl just left. It created a pretty serious complex for me. I’ve always been able to talk to girls, but I’m scared of them
. I just could relate to it. Like, man if I could just grow one, that would take care of a lot of problems."
Track listing

Personnel
Chris Thile - mandolin, lead vocals, producer
Noam Pikelny - banjo, vocals
Greg Garrison - bass, vocals
Chris Eldridge - acoustic guitar, vocals
Gabe Witcher - fiddle, vocals
Ronnie McCoury - "bluegrass guru"
Loren Witcher - artwork
Gary Paczosa - mastering
Fred Forsell - mastering engineer
Matthew Gephart - engineer
Ethan Donaldson - assistant engineer

Charts

Notes

References
How to Grow a Woman from the Ground liner notes

Other websites
Official websites
Chris Thile's MySpace page

Chris Thile albums
2006 albums
Yantra literally means loom, instrument or machine. In actual practice, a yantra is a symbol which represents aspects of the divine, such as the Mother Goddess or Durga. It is made of interlocking geometric figures, circles, triangles and floral shapes that form a pattern. Though drawn in two dimensions, a yantra can represent a three dimensional sacred object. The yantra is primarily a meditation tool. Yantras function as revelatory symbols of cosmic truths.

Gallery

Related pages
 Mandala
 Tantra

References
 Khanna, Madhu (1979). Yantra: The Tantric Symbol of Cosmic Unity. Thames and Hudson, first paperback edition, 1981.

Other websites
 An Introduction to Yantras, What They Are and How to Use Them For Meditation
 Yantras - The Mystic Power
 High Resolution Yantras Dasa Maha Vidya, The 15 Nityas and other yantras, printable.

Hinduism
Meditation
Symbols
The Shri Yantra or Sri Chakra of Tripura Sundari is a yantra or mandala formed by nine interlocking triangles surrounding a dot in the cetner called a bindu.  Four of these triangles are orientated upright representing Shiva or the Masculine.  Five of these triangles are inverted triangles represent Shakti or the Feminine. Because it is composed of nine triangles, it is also known as the navayoni chakra.

Together the nine triangles are interlaced in such a way as to form 43 smaller triangles in a web symbolic of the entire cosmos or a womb symbolic of creation. Together they express Advaita-ism or non-duality. This is surrounded by a lotus of eight petals, a lotus of sixteen petals, and an earthsquare resembling a temple with four doors.
The Shri Chakra is also known as the nava chakra because it can also be seen as having nine levels. Each level corresponds to a mudra, a yogini, and a specific form of the deity Tripura Sundari along with her mantra. These levels starting from the outside or bottom layer are:
Trailokya Mohana, a square of three lines with four portals
Sarvasa Paripuraka, a sixteen-petal lotus
Sarva Sankshobahana, an eight-petal lotus
Sarva Saubhagyadayaka, composed of fourteen small triangles
Sarvarthasadhaka, composed of ten small triangles
Sarva Rakshakara, composed of ten small triangles
Sarva Rohahara, composed of eight small triangles
Sarva siddhi prada, composed of 1 small triangle
Sarvanandamaya, composed of a point or bindu

TEMPLES

1.Shri Yantra Temple,This temple is Most Popular and Ancient .
2.Shri Narmadeshwar Shri Laxmi Yantra Mandir in this temple  Siddha Shri is Given by the Priest to Devotees take to home and prey .this temple is Situated Rajpipla city, JIOR pati, Kumbheshwar street,At the Bank of River Narmada .

Official Website:- Shri Narmadeshwar Shri Laxmi Yantra Mandir Official Website

References

Other websites

Lalita Tripurasundari, the Red Goddess
Shri Narmadeshwar Shri Laxmi Yantra Mandir 
Sri Yantra 

How to Draw a Sri Chakra 
How to draw Sri Yantra 

Hinduism
Meditation
A tulku (also tülku, trulku) is a Tibetan Buddhist lama who has achieved the ability to consciously determine to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow. The most famous example is the lineage of Dalai Lamas, who are said to be reincarnations of the previous thirteen Dalai Lamas, beginning with Gendun Drup (1391 – 1474). It is held in the Vajrayana tradition that the oldest lineage of tulkus is that of the Karmapas (spiritual head of the Karma Kagyu lineage), which began with Düsum Khyenpa (1110-1193).

In addition to Tibetans and related peoples, Tibetan Buddhism is the traditional religion of the Mongols and their relatives. The Mongolian word for a tulku is qubilγan, though such persons may also be called by the honorific title qutuγtu (Tib: phags-pa / Skt: ārya), or hutagt in the standard Khalkha dialect.

A recent Chinese word for tulku is huófó (活佛), which literally means "living Buddha". Thus the term Living Buddha is used to mean tulku.
References 
 Logan, Pamela (2004). "Tulkus in Tibet" . Harvard Asia Quarterly'' 8''' (1) 15-23.

Buddhism
Yeshe  Tsogyel (, rhymes with "may say so well") is also known in the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism as the Great Bliss Queen. She is both a woman and a female deity called a dakini.

She lived from 757 to 817, and was the wife of Emperor Trisong Detsen (740 - c. 798) who invited Padmasambhava to Tibet:
From the mouth of a lotus was born
The swift goddess, heroic liberator
Who went forth in human form
Amid the snowy mountains of Tibet.

Among Tibetans she is seen as a Buddha who takes the form of an ordinary woman so as to be seen by the average person, "who, for the time being, do not see her Vajravarahi form as a fully perfected deity." In fact,
She displays whatever emanation form will tame
Any given [person], just as, for example, the full moon in the sky
Emerges as [various] reflections in different water vessels.
According to legend she was born in the same manner as the Buddha, a Sanskrit mantra sounding as her mother gave birth painlessly. She is considered a reincarnation of the Buddha's own mother.  Her name ("Primordial (ye) Wisdom (shes) Queen (rgyal mo) of the Lake (tso)") derives from her birth causing a nearby lake to double in size.

As a young girl, she is said to have prayed for the happiness of all sentient beings. At the age of sixteen, she was initiated into Buddhism by Guru Padmasambhava. Although she was originally one of the Queen consorts of Trisong Detsen, he gave her to Padmasambhava and she became his main spiritual consort. After many years of study she became enlightened. Yeshey Tsogyal was the main person who wrote down and collected Padmasambhava's teachings. She also terma most of the hidden teachings called termas.
As the wife of Tri-song-day-tsen and the consort of Padmasambhava, given to him at her request by the king, she also stands historically at the beginning of Buddhism's eclipse of Bön in Tibet.  She is also considered a manifestation of Sarasvati and sometimes identified with the Bodhisattva Tara.

Notes

References
Klein, Anne Carolyn (1995). Meeting the Great Bliss Queen: Buddhists, Feminists, and the Art of the Self. Beacon Press: Boston. .

757 births
817 deaths
Tibetan Buddhism
Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (; 3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986), often referred to by his initials UKK, was the President of Finland between 1956 and 1982. He was also the Prime Minister of Finland before that.

Kekkonen was born in Pielavesi. He took part of the Finnish Civil War. He was anti-Communist and later anti-Fascist.

Kekkonen became the Interior Minister in 1937, and he then attempted to ban the fascist party known as the Patriotic People's Movement (commonly abbreviated to IKL).

In the year 1950, after the Second World War, Kekkonen became the Prime Minister of Finland.

The "Passikivi-Kekkonen line" was a foreign policy doctrine established by, Kekkonen and Juho Kusti Paasikivi, aimed at Finland's survival as an independent sovereign, democratic, and capitalist country in the immediate proximity of the Soviet Union.
Kekkonen was elected the President of Finland in 1956, after president Paasikivi. He attempted to keep Finland a neutral country, which means it was not affiliated with any military alliance such as NATO or the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War.

Urho Kekkonen led the underwriting of the Helsinki Accords of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe between European countries, the United States and the Soviet Union in 1975.

Kekkonen became sick in 1981 and resigned from presidency.

He died in 1986, aged 86.

References 

1900 births
1986 deaths
Presidents of Finland
Prime Ministers of Finland
John Pierpont Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American banker and art collector.  He became one of the richest men of his era. He founded the bank now called JPMorgan Chase, one of the oldest banks in the world today.

Childhood
J.P. Morgan was thought of as intelligent, he focused his attention in mathematics in preparation for employment in commerce.

In 1852, when Morgan was 15 years old, he had rheumatic fever. After recovery he was deformed. J.P. Morgan was aloof and refused to have his photograph taken; all of his professional portraits were retouched.

Career
Career

Beginnings
When J.P. Morgan reached the age of 20, he became a banker in his father’s London office and later went to Duncan, Sherman & Company in New York City.  
He excelled in banking and partnered with a lot of other companies. J.P. Morgan bought businesses, and was a hands on leader. He followed the process of reorganizing them known then as “Morganization”. He renamed his company to J.P Morgan & Company in 1895.  At the time it became one of the most powerful banks in the world.

Later on
J.P. Morgan took control of the railroad companies. He also financed and reorganized railroads all in the US.  He later purchased the Ley Land Line of Atlantic Steamships and other boat lines, which included the White Star Line, builder of the RMS Titanic.  He joined several steel companies together to make the United States Steel Corporation.
The Panic of 1893
During the Panic of 1893, when a shortage of the gold caused a devaluation of the Dollar, the US president Grover Cleveland asked J.P. Morgan to loan $65 million in gold to the US Treasury.  J.P. lent the gold, "saving" the Treasury and the Dollar.

Enemies
Morgan’s enemies attacked him for his loan terms on gold that was lent to the US government during the 1895 crisis, for the way he solved the panic of 1907, for hurting the Hartfort RR company by causing money problems, and turning the US steel corporation into a monopoly (by trying to take control of the making of bridges, ships, RR cars, rails, wire, nails, and other markets.).
Legacy (what he is known for)
JP Morgan was one of the richest men in the world (if he wanted to, he and all his partner companies could have bought all the land owned by all of the 22 US states west of the Mississippi River at that time (worth about $22.245 billion)).  He did this through  buying many companies and taking them over, usually becoming monopolies.
  
The JP Morgan Company still runs today under the name of JPMorgan Chase owned by stockholders.  Today, it is one of the oldest banks in the world and a leading bank in the world.

References
Atwood, Albert W. and Erickson, Erling A. "Morgan, John Pierpont, (Apr. 17, 1837 - Mar. 31, 1913)," in Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 7 (1934)
Auchincloss, Louis. J.P. Morgan : The Financier as Collector Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (1990) 
Brandeis, Louis D. Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It.  Ed. Melvin I. Urofsky. New York: Bedford Books, 1995. 
Bryman Jeremy, J. P. Morgan: Banker to a Growing Nation : Morgan Reynolds Publishing (2001) 
 Carosso, Vincent P.  The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913. Harvard U. Press, 1987. 888 pp. 
 Carosso, Vincent P.  Investment Banking in America: A History Harvard University Press (1970)
Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance, (2001) 
 Fraser, Steve. Every Man a Speculator: A History of Wall Street in American Life HarperCollins (2005)
 Garraty, John A. Right-Hand Man: The Life of George W. Perkins. (1960)
Geisst;  Charles R. Wall Street: A History from Its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron. Oxford University Press. 2004. online edition 
 John Moody; The Masters of Capital: A Chronicle of Wall Street Yale University Press, (1921) online edition
 Morris, Charles R. The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy (2005) 
 Strouse, Jean.  Morgan: American Financier. Random House, 1999. 796 pp.
1837 births
1913 deaths
Businesspeople from Hartford, Connecticut
Albert Hofmann (11 January 1906 – 29 April 2008) was a Swiss scientist. He invented Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann wrote more than 100 scientific articles and a number of books, including LSD: My Problem Child (1979).

Life 
Hofmann was born in Baden, Switzerland. He studied chemistry at the University of Zürich. His main interest was the chemistry of plants and animals, and he studied about the chemical structure of the common animal substance chitin. Hofmann worked at the pharmaceutical-chemical department of Sandoz Laboratories in Basel.

Five years after its first synthesis, he discovered by accident the psychedelic effects of LSD, after absorbing some through his fingertips on April 16 1943. Three days later, he deliberately consumed 250 micrograms of LSD, and experienced far more intense effects. This was followed by a series of self-experiments. He first wrote about these experiments on April 22 of the same year.
He became director of the natural products department at Sandoz and went on studying hallucinogenic substances found in Mexican mushrooms and other plants used by the indigenous peoples. This led to the synthesis of psilocybin, the active agent of many magic mushrooms.

Hofmann called LSD "medicine for the soul".

He had a heart attack in his home in Burg im Leimental on April 29, 2008, and died at the age of 102.

Other websites 
 Albert Hofmann (NNDB)
 Erowid: Albert Hofmann Vault
 Albert Hofmann Foundation
 MAPS ("Stanislav Grof interviews Dr. Albert Hofmann")

1906 births
2008 deaths
Swiss chemists
Swiss centenarians
Baden District, Aargau
People from Aargau
A mahasiddha (Sanskrit: maha - great, siddha - achiever) is type of yogi important in Tantra. They are found in both Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism. They are connected with unusual ways of thinking and with the highest levels of spiritual enlightenment.  They are very different from arhats, the saints who gave up the world to achieve buddhahood.

The Mahasiddhas are actual people who acquired magical powers from their spiritual practice. A mahasiddha is a bodhisattva, someone who can enter nirvana whenever they want, but instead choose to stay in samsara to help others.

In both Hindu and Tibetan Buddhist traditions there are 85 Mahasiddhas. The lists are not all the same, but there are many Mahasiddhas who appear on most lists. In Tibetan Buddhist art, they are often shown in paintings together, for example around the border of a thanka.
Important Mahasiddhas
Each Mahasiddha has come to be known for certain things.  One of the most loved Mahasiddhas is Virupa, who is a saint of the Sakyapa sect.  He lived in 9th century India and was known for his great attainments. Other important Mahasiddhas include:

Marpa, the great translator and first native-born guru in Tibet who brought Buddhist teachings from India.
Milarepa, Marpa's student . In Buddhist pictures and statues, Milarepa is shown with his right hand cupped against his ear. He does this to better listen to the teachings (dharma). 
Karmapa, the first consciously incarnating lama of Tibet.
Gorakhnath
Matsyendranath
Nagarjuna
Naropa
Saraha
Shantideva
Tilopa
Complete list of Mahasiddhas
In Buddhism there are 89 Mahasiddhas: 
Acinta,
Ajogi,
Anangapa,
Aryadeva,
Babhaha,
Bhadrapa,
Bhandepa,
Bhiksanapa,
Bhusuku,
Camaripa,
Campaka,
Carbaripa,
Catrapa,
Caurangipa,
Celukapa,
Dan,
Darikapa,
Dengipa,
Dhahulipa,
Dharmapa,
Dhilipa,
Dhobipa,
Dhokaripa
Dombipa,
Dukhandi,
Ghantapa,
Gharbari,
Godhuripa,
Goraksa,
Indrabhuti,
Jalandhara,
Jayananda,
Jogipa,
Kalapa,
Kamparipa,
Kambala,
Kanakhala,
Kanhapa,
Kankana,
Kankaripa,
Kantalipa,
Kapalapa,
Khadgapa,
Kilakilapa,
Kirapalapa,
Kokilipa,
Kotalipa,
Kucipa,
Kukkuripa,
Kumbharipa,
Laksminkara,
Lilapa,
Lucikapa,
Luipa,
Mahipa,
Manibhadra,
Medhini,
Mekhala,
Mekopa,
Minapa,
Nagabodhi,
Nagarjuna,
Nalinapa,
Naropa,
Nirgunapa,
Pacaripa,
Pankajapa,
Putalipa,
Rahula,
Saraha,
Sakara,
Samudra,
Santipa,
Sarvabhaksa,
Savaripa,
Syalipa,
Tantepa,
Tantipa,
Thaganapa,
Tilopa,
Udhilipa,
Upanaha,
Vinapa,
Virupa,
Vyalipa,
Lokesh
References
Dowman, Keith (1986). Masters of Mahamudra: Songs and Histories of the Eighty-four Buddhist Siddhas. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Other websites
Murals of mahasiddhas in the Lukhang hidden temple
Names of the 84 Mahasiddha (with brief explanation of their meaning).
The Mahasiddha Linedrawings of H.R.Downs (in Dowman (1986)).
MahaSiddha Dharma website

Buddhism
Hinduism
In Tibetan Buddhism, the "Red Hat" sects or schools include the three oldest of the four main schools, to wit:

Nyingma
Sakya
Kagyu

The newer Gelug school is known as the "Yellow Hat Sect".
Drugs change the way the body works. It could mean:

Medicine - Special chemicals or herbs given to people by a doctor when they are sick
Illegal drugs - Chemicals, pills, liquids, or parts of plants that people take to make them feel a certain way
Peter ("Pete") Shotton (4 August 1941 – 24 March 2017 aged 75 )was a longtime friend of John Lennon, who founded The Beatles. He later wrote a memoir, John Lennon "In My Life", that was later retitled The Beatles, Lennon and Me.

Early life
Shotton and Lennon met as boys, in their hometown of Woolton, England. Woolton is a suburb of Liverpool. The two fought at first, but soon became best friends. They went to school together, and often got into trouble together. They formed a "gang", with other boys who lived nearby.

During their teenage years, rock and roll became popular in England, as it did in America. Folk music and  were also popular. Young people all over England formed skiffle bands, and played folk and rock songs. Lennon got a guitar from his mother. He and Shotton formed a band, the Quarry Men, with classmates from their school (named Quarry Bank), and other friends.
Shotton's role in the band was to play percussion on a , and to sing harmony. While Lennon had genuine musical talent, Shotton did not become a skilled musician, and did not enjoy playing music. After Paul McCartney joined the Quarry Men, he and Lennon began to work together on music. McCartney was very talented, and Shotton felt out of place in the band. He waited a long time, before he finally told Lennon.

Lennon "fired" Shotton from the Quarry Men after they played at a party. He took the washboard away and broke it over Shotton's head. All the same, they were still friends, and spent time together. When they finished high school, Lennon went on to art college, and Shotton trained to become a police officer. The Quarry Men changed from playing skiffle to playing rock and roll. They also changed names a few times, before calling themselves the Beatles.
The Beatles
When Lennon became famous with the Beatles, he invited Shotton to visit at different times. He and George Harrison, another band member, bought a supermarket with part of their , and made Shotton its manager. Shotton married and had a son. He spent most of the week with his family, but would visit Lennon's home on weekends. Lennon counted on Shotton to be a real friend, who was not only around because Lennon was famous or rich. Shotton and Lennon's wife Cynthia got along well, and Shotton sometimes took Cynthia out for the evening, when Lennon needed to work on music.

Shotton also helped now and then with the Beatles's music. He sometimes helped  or  ideas for songs, or played  or other percussion instruments on their recordings. Later, when the Beatles started their own company, Apple Corps, Shotton became its first managing director.
Apple Corps was not a successful company, and it caused problems between the Beatles, and with the people who worked with them. The problems were not Shotton's fault, but he felt as much pressure and stress as anyone. He resigned his job at Apple. Lennon tried Shotton out as a , but this did not go well. Lennon's relationship with Yoko Ono also caused problems between Lennon and Shotton.

Shotton decided it was best to part ways with Lennon, while their friendship was still strong. He went back to running his supermarket, and he and Lennon lost touch. After Lennon and Yoko Ono moved to America, Shotton visited them in New York City, and they enjoyed seeing each other again.

Later life
John Lennon was murdered late in 1980. When Shotton heard the news, he drove to George Harrison's home, Friar Park, and spent the day with Harrison. Later he wrote his memoir.
Shotton gave up his supermarket, and began a chain of restaurants, Fatty Arbuckle's, which became a success. He later sold this business, and retired to live in Ireland. When former members of Lennon's Quarry Men re-formed in the 1990s as a nostalgia act, Shotton performed with them. He later sang "Imagine" at a tribute to Lennon and the Beatles in Woolton.

Death
Shotton died on 24 March 2017 in Knutsford, Cheshire from a suspected heart attack. aged 75.

References

Writers from Liverpool
The Beatles
1941 births
2017 deaths