Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The city of Luxembourg (, , German: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (, , German: Stadt Luxemburg), is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

The city is at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg. In the city is found the Luxembourg Castle, built by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.

History

During the Roman period, two main roads crossed the territory of the present city of Luxembourg; these two roads met at the place Marché-aux-Poissons (now a street and a neighborhood) dominated by a fortified tower. A castle was built here called Lucilinburhuc ("small castle"). In 963, this place became a property of Siegfried I, a close relative of the Emperors of Germany and Kings of France. Siegfried built a castle, not far from the "Lucilinburhuc" castle, on a rocky cliff called the Bock (). This place is now considered the birthplace of the city, the country and the nation.
In 1994 UNESCO named the Old Quarters and Fortifications a World Heritage Site.

Geography

The city of Luxembourg has an area of , about 2% of the territory of the whole country. The altitude varies between  high (Beggen, Bastogne street) and  high (Dommeldange); it is  high at the centre of the city.

Luxembourg's climate is on the boundary of oceanic (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification) and humid continental (Dfb) climates.

Population
, there are 115,227 persons living in the commune, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Twin cities
  Camden, United Kingdom, since 2007
  Metz, France, 
  Tambov, Russia, since 2012
  Prague, Czech Republic, since 2012

References

Other websites

  Ville de Luxembourg - Official website

 
World Heritage Sites in Europe
A vacuum cleaner is a device that cleans dust and dirt from floors. Sometimes it is just called a vacuum. The word vacuum comes from the fact that it uses the force of a vacuum to suck dirt into a large chamber from which it can be dumped into the garbage.

In the 1920s, an Ohio janitor named James Murray Spangler created a carpet sweeping contraption out of a soap box, a broom handle, a pillowcase, and an electric motor. He then began to sell his machine to local housewives. The first plastic vacuum cleaner was produced in the 1930s, and the precursor to modern central vac systems was created in 1952 by the Hoover Company, whose name was now synonymous with “vacuuming”. By the 1960s, vacuum cleaners were much more lightweight and easy to use.

There are several types of vacuum cleaners:
 Upright vacuum cleaners
 Canister vacuum cleaners
 Robot vacuum cleaners 
 Handheld vacuum cleaners 
 Car vacuum cleaners 
 Carpet cleaners

References

Home appliances
TV Tokyo is a Japanese television station in Tokyo, Japan. It is also known as "Teleto," a portmanteau of "terebi," the Japanese word for "television," and "Tokyo." Its main owner is Nihon Keizai Shimbun. TV Tokyo is the smallest of the major Tokyo TV networks.

Japanese television networks
A drawer is a piece of furniture for storage. They are usually very short and wide and are part of a chest of drawers, where lots of drawers are stacked. Most have handles or knobs so they can be pulled out.

Furniture
A chest of drawers (also called a dresser) is a piece of furniture. It is made of lots of horizontal drawers. Chests of drawers are usually used for storing clothing, such as underwear and socks.

Furniture
A puzzle is a problem to make the user think. They are often used for entertainment and can help with logic skills. The user may need to recognise patterns to solve it, so those who have good logic are usually good with puzzles.

Puzzles, such as wordsearches, crosswords and Sudoku grids are printed in newspapers and magazines, but puzzles can be with objects or even on computers..

Puzzles
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), also known as Sloane's, is a large searchable database. It is on the Web, and it contains number sequences, like the Fibonacci numbers or the powers of two.

It contains over 270,000 sequences. This makes it the largest database of its kind. Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links. It also includes the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database can be searched by keyword and by subsequence. For instance, it is possible to search for all sequences with both 15 and 118.

Mathematics
Science websites
In mathematics, a Ramanujan prime is a prime number that satisfies a result proven by Srinivasa Ramanujan. It relates to the prime counting function.

Origins and definition
In 1919, Ramanujan published a new proof of Bertrand's postulate (which had already been proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev). 

Ramanujan's result at the end of the paper was:

  ≥ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... for all x ≥ 2, 11, 17, 29, 41, ... 

where (x) is the prime counting function. The prime counting function is the number of primes less than or equal to x.

The numbers 2, 11, 17, 29, 41 are first few Ramanujan primes. In other words:

Ramanujan primes are the integers Rn that are the smallest to satisfy the condition
 ≥ n, for all  x ≥ Rn

Classes of prime numbers
In mathematics, the prime counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number x. It is written as , but it is not related to the number π. Some key values of the function include ,  and .

In general, if stands for the n-th prime number, then .

Related pages 

 Ramanujan prime

References 

Number theory
Bertrand's postulate states that if n > 3 is an integer, then there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2. 

This statement was first made in 1845 by Joseph Bertrand. Bertrand verified his statement for all numbers in the interval [2, 3 × 106].

His statement was completely proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1850. For this reason, the postulate is also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev's theorem. Srinivasa Ramanujan gave a simpler proof. Ramanujan later used that proof when he discovered Ramanujan primes. In 1932, Paul Erdős published a simpler proof using the Chebyshev function θ(x).

Other websites 
 Ramanujan's simpler proof

Number theory
Paul Erdős, also Pál Erdős, in English Paul Erdos or Paul Erdös (March 26, 1913 – September 20, 1996), was a famous  Hungarian-born mathematician. He worked with hundreds of mathematicians on problems in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory, classical analysis, approximation theory, set theory, and probability theory.

Erdős number 
Because he wrote so many articles, friends created Erdős number. Erdős has a number of 0 (for being himself), and his direct collaborators were given the number 1. Their collaborators were given a number of 2, an so on. 

The Erdős number was most likely first defined by Casper Goffman, a mathematician whose Erdős number is 1.

Other websites 
 Erdős number project 

1913 births
1996 deaths
Hungarian mathematicians
Wolf Prize winners
Number theorists
Set theorists
The Erdős number () honors the Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős. Erdős was one of the most prolific mathematical writers. He worked with many mathematicians. 

Paul Erdős's number is 0. Anyone who directly worked with Paul Erdős has an Erdős number of 1. Anyone who works with those collaborators who have an Erdős number of 1, has an Erdős number of 2. The chain continues like that.

Related pages
 Bacon number

Other websites
 Jerry Grossman, The Erdös Number Project. Contains statistics and a complete list of all mathematicians with an Erdős number less than or equal to 2.
Erdős number project 

Mathematics
John Randall Hennigan (born October 3, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently working on the independent circuit and also appears on All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as Johnny TV. He is best known for working for World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring names John Morrison and Johnny Nitro.

Personal life 
Hennigan grew up in Los Angeles, California with his two younger sisters, Kelly and Elise. Hennigan once dated wrestler Melina Perez. The characters they play on television started in a relationship. They met while trying to be a part of the television program Tough Enough III. Hennigan was made a part of the program, Perez was not.

References

Other websites 
 WWE Profile

1979 births
Living people
All Elite Wrestling people
American professional wrestlers
American Roman Catholics
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Candice Michelle Beckman-Ehrlich (born September 30, 1978 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American professional wrestler, actress, and model. She is better known as Candice Michelle or just Candice. Beckman is best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

World Wrestling Entertainment

Candice Michelle came to WWE as a contestant in the 2004 Diva Search. Although she did not win, WWE hired her anyway. At first, Candice Michelle did not have much to do on the program. Over the next several years, she was trained as a wrestler and started doing more work. She was mainly used in unusual matches. For example, "Bra and panties matches" are matches where the winner is the person removes the other persons clothing leaving them wearing only their bra and panties.

At the Vengeance PPV on June 24, she defeated Melina to win the WWE Women's Title for the first time.

Michelle was released from her WWE contract on June 19, 2009.
Personal life
Candice married Dr. Ken Gee Ehrlich, a West Los Angeles chiropractor on May 7, 2005.

Media
During Candice's career, she has been in many television series, magazine pictorials, fashion shows, and movies. She has been in the movies Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story(as a dancer), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, High Crimes, and Horrorween. In television, she has been on Party of Five, The Man Show, Playboy TV's Totally Busted, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, and Monk. Her most notable appearance was her appearance on Hotel Erotica. She has also posed nude for several magazines including Playboy. She is also the spokesperson for the internet company GoDaddy.com.

References

Other websites 
Official site
WWE Profile

1978 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
American models
Actors from Milwaukee
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
The Star of David (Hebrew:מָגֵן דָּוִד, or Māġēn Dāwīd, pronounced [] in ancient Hebrew, and [] in  Modern Hebrew) is a Jewish symbol. It is named after King David of Israel and it is very famous. The star consists of a triangle, overlapped by another, "upside-down" triangle. It is unknown how this came to be a symbol of Judaism, but it was first used in the Middle Ages. It is used on the flag of Israel, and was used by German National Socialists to identify Jews.

Judaism
Religious symbols
Takao may mean:

 Mount Takao -- a mountain in Tokyo, Japan
 Mount Takao, also known as Jingo-ji -- a mountain in Kyoto, Japan
 Takao, also known as Takau, Takow or Takaw -- Taiwanese and Japanese name for Kaohsiung in Taiwan before the Republic of China took control of the island
 Japanese steam warship Takao, 1868-1869 -- ship in service during the Boshin War 
 Japanese cruiser Takao, 1888-1911 - an unprotected cruiser of the early Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN)
 Japanese cruiser Takao, 1930-1946 - a heavy cruiser of the IJN
 Takao train station in Hachiōji, Tokyo
The Belz Beis HaMedrash HaGadol (in Yiddish: בעלזא בית המדרש הגדול - "The Belz Grand Synagogue) is one of the largest synagogues in Jerusalem. It was built by the Belz Hasidic Jews, with help from their supporters and admirers around the world. In the 1980s, Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach (II) of Belz made plans for the huge synagogue to be built in the Kiryat Belz part of Jerusalem.

Synagogues
Judaism in Israel
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Samson was a British heavy metal band between 1977 and 2002. It was considered a part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal. Its first album, Survivors, received good reviews. This made the band more popular. Iron Maiden lead singer Bruce Dickinson was in the band before he joined Iron Maiden. Dickinson went by the name "Bruce Bruce" while he was in Samson. The band kept making music until 2002, when guitarist Paul Samson, who started the band, died of cancer.

Studio albums 
 Survivors (1979)
 Head On (1980)
 Shock Tactics (1981)
 Before the Storm (1982)
 Don't Get Mad, Get Even (1984)
 Joint Forces (1986)
 Refugee (1990)
 Samson (1993)
 P.S.... (2006)

References

Other websites
Samson on AllMusic
Samson on Billboard

British heavy metal bands
1977 establishments in the United Kingdom
Musical groups established in 1977
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
2002 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Thornton Heath is a town in the London Borough of Croydon, south London. There is a new leisure centre in Thornton Heath and there is a train station and a lot of bus routes. There are a lot of shops like Sainsbury's and Tesco.

Towns in London
London Borough of Croydon
Stamford Bridge is the home of Premier League club Chelsea F.C.. It is located in Fulham in southwest London. 

It was built for Fulham Football Club, who turned it down for money reasons, so Chelsea was created and decided to play at the ground. It currently holds a capacity of 41,631 seats. It is one of the oldest football stadiums in the world, being opened in 1877. It was renovated in 1998

Other websites 

 Chelsea FC Website
 Aerial shot of Stamford Bridge
It's the Theatre of Drams!  Man U and Chelsea grounds were shinty parks.
Stamford Bridge webcam on camvista.com 
Take a tour of Stamford Bridge 

Football stadiums in London
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
The word "freeganism" (person: freegan; related: freecycling) means to get things for free rather than buy those items. A freegan is a person who does not like to pay for things, but does not steal either. Freegans like to find things that other people throw away that are still useful.  People often throw things away that are not used up or broken.  Sometimes they throw things away because they are bored of them and like to shop for new things.  Freegans look through other people's rubbish bins and take what they can use, to the point of dumpster diving. This can be good for the environment, because no energy is used to make new things, in those cases. However, some cities have rules about taking things out of the rubbish, and freegans can get in trouble for this.
 
The name "freegan" rhymes with "vegan".  It combines the words "free" and "vegan".  Freegans are not necessarily vegans.

References 

Lifestyles
Recycling
The British Board of Film Classification is the organisation responsible for movie and some video game classification in the United Kingdom. The rating system can help parents decide which movies their children should not watch and what video games they should not play. It is based in London. It was formed in 1912 as the British Board of Film Censors; its name was changed in 1985.

Ratings 
There are seven ratings:

Other websites 
 BBFC

1912 establishments in the United Kingdom
Movie organizations
Video game ratings
Organisations based in London
Movie ratings
1910s establishments in the United Kingdom
Electrology is an electrical process to remove human hair so that it does not grow back. An electrologist is sometimes called an electrolysist in the United Kingdom. The process of removing the hair is referred to as electrolysis. The electrolysist slides a thin metal probe into each hair follicle. This, if done the right way, does not hurt the skin. Electricity flows to the follicle through the probe. This causes damage to the areas that grow hair so that it does not grow back.

Other websites
 American Electrology Association
 British Institute and Association of Electrolysis
 The Society for Clinical & Medical Hair Removal, Inc.
 International Guild of Hair Removal Specialists, Inc. 
 HairFacts - electrolysis medical data 
 HairTell - Electrolysis Discussion
 Electrolysis discussion group 

Hair
Medical procedures
Many countries have a film rating system to help parents determine which movies their children can watch. The systems usually use age to rate the movies.

United Kingdom 
The United Kingdom use the British Board of Film Classification film rating system.

United States 
The United States use the Motion Picture Association film rating system.

Australia 
Australia uses the Australian Classification Board film rating system.

Canada
Canada uses the Canadian Home Video Rating System.

Japan 
Japan uses the Eirin.

New Zealand 
New Zealand uses the OFLC (New Zealand) rating system.

Ukraine 
Ukraine uses the Ukrainian State Film Agency film rating system.

Related pages 
 Movie censorship
 X rating

Movie ratings
Eve Ensler (born May 25, 1953) is an American playwright and feminist activist. She is best known for the play The Vagina Monologues.

Ensler was born in New York City to a Christian mother and Jewish father. She graduated from Middlebury College in 1975. She married Richard McDermott in 1978 and divorced in 1988. She is the adoptive mother of actor Dylan McDermott. She adopted him when he was 18 and she was 26.

In 2010, she said that she was being treated for uterine cancer.

References

Other websites 
 Eve Ensler biography  via V-Day
 Eve Ensler via Internet Movie Database
 
 Writer's Voice 2007 audio interview

1953 births
Living people
American activists
American feminists
American playwrights
Writers from New York City
The word Brat has several meanings:

Spoiled brat, a child who gets his or her way all the time and is not disciplined.
Military brat (U.S. subculture), a person who grew up with a parent in the military.
Brat Pack, a group of young American movie actors.
Da Brat, a rapper popular in the 1990s.
Brat, an computer puzzle game released in 1991.
Brat and Brat-2, Russian crime movies.
Bratz is the name of a line of dolls which started production in 2001.
Brats, a 1930 Laurel and Hardy movie
An abbreviation of bratwurst.

It can be an acronym for:

BRAT, a pickup truck made by Subaru
BRAT diet, a diet of bananas, rice, applesauce and toast given to patients with various forms of gastrointestinal distress.
Biroul Român de Audit al Tirajelor (Romanian Audit Bureaux of Circulations)
Roger Pearson (born 21 August 1927, in London) is a British writer and publisher. He is also the editor of some journals published by The Institute for the Study of Man.

Publications written, edited, or published by Pearson
 Essays on Eugenics and Race. 1958, Northern World, Coventry
 Mankind Quarterly (from 1979-)
 The Religious Attitudes of the Indo-Europeans. 1966, 1967 Hans Gunther, trans. by Vivian Bird (See Oliver Bird Trust and George Cadbury) in collaboration with Roger Pearson.
 Introduction to Anthropology. Harcourt College Pub, 1974.
 Anthropological Glossary. Krieger Pub Co, 1985.
 Race, Intelligence and Bias in Academe. Scott-Townsend Publishers, 1997 (2nd edition).
 Heredity and Humanity: Race, Eugenics and Modern Science. Scott-Townsend Publishers, 1996.

Books about Pearson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Spiro, Jonathan P. Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant. University of Vermont Press, 2009
Writers from London
British anthropologists
1927 births
2023 deaths
American anthropologists
Racism
Colorado Springs is a city in Colorado, United States. With 478,961 people in 2020, it is the second largest city in Colorado and the 39th largest in the United States. It is also the county seat of El Paso County.  It is the headquarters of Focus on the Family, which is a Christian group, and the United States Air Force Academy. Tourist attractions like Pikes Peak, Garden of the Gods  the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Seven Falls, Manitou Springs, the Broadmoor Hotel and the Air Force Academy are also in the city and its surrounding area.

References

Notes

Other websites 
 City of Colorado Springs 
 Colorado Springs Convention & Visitor's Bureau
 Colorado Springs Vacation Insider

 
County seats in Colorado
1886 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Colorado
Janice G. Raymond (born January 24, 1943) is an American feminist activist. She is known for her work against violence, sexual exploitation and the "medical abuse" of women. She is also known for her writings and activism against transsexualism. She is retired professor of women's studies and medical ethics at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. She has published many articles on prostitution and sex trafficking. She lectures around the world on many of these topics through Coalition Against Trafficking in Women.

Career
In 1979 her first book, The Transsexual Empire, was published. In the book Raymond said that all transsexuals rape women's bodies. The book has been called hate speech against transgender people.

In 1993 her most recent book, Women as Wombs: Reproductive Technologies and the Battle over Women’s Freedom was published.
Raymond has received grants from the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. National Institute of Justice, the Ford Foundation, the United States Information Agency, the National Science Foundation, the Norwegian Organization for Research and Development (NORAD), and UNESCO.

Personal life
Raymond graduated from Salve Regina College in 1965. She got her master's degree in Religious Studies from Andover Newton Theological School in 1971. She graduated from Boston College in 1977.

Janice Raymond is a former member of the Sisters of Mercy. She later left the convent. She is now an open lesbian.

References

Other websites
 The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto  by Sandy Stone.
 Where did we go wrong? Feminism and trans theory- two teams on the same side?  by Stephen Whittle, 2000.

1943 births
Living people
Academics from Massachusetts
American LGBT people
American radical feminists
Lesbian feminists
LGBT scientists
Prostitution
Writers from Boston
Writers from Rhode Island
Energy efficiency is using less energy to provide the same level of energy service.  An example would be insulating a home to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve the same temperature.  Another example would be installing fluorescent lights and/or skylights instead of incandescent bulbs to attain the same level of illumination.  So efficient energy use is achieved primarily by means of a more efficient technology rather than by changes in individual behaviour.

Energy conservation is using less energy to achieve a lesser energy service, and usually involves a change in behavior.  Examples would be heating a room less in winter, or driving less, or working in a less brightly lit room.  

As with other definitions, the boundary between efficient energy use and energy conservation can be fuzzy, but both are important in environmental and economic terms.  This is especially the case when actions are directed at the saving of fossil fuels.

References

Related pages 
Sustainable energy

Energy
Tulsa is the second largest city in Oklahoma, United States. There are 413,066 people living in Tulsa, as of 2020. It is the 47th largest city in the United States. It is the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma.

In Tulsa 
 Philbrook Museum - an art museum
 Gilcrease Museum
 Big Splash - a water amusement park
 Bell's Amusement Park(now closed)
 Southroads Mall
 Woodland Hills Mall
 LaFortune Park

Related pages
 Tulsa Public Schools

References

Other websites 
 Official City Website
 Tulsa Chamber of Commerce
 Tulsa Convention & Visitors Bureau 
 Official Tulsa Police Website
 Vision 2025

 
County seats in Oklahoma
Anchorage was originally a construction camp during the building of the Alaska Railroad. By 1920 it had grown to the point where it was decided to officially make it a city. Being at the head of Cook Inlet it became an important place for shipping in Alaska because ships could load and unload cargo to and from the new railroad. In the 1940 an both the army and the air force built bases near Anchorage, and it got even bigger. In 1964 Anchorage was hit by the Good Friday Earthquake, the second strongest earthquake ever recorded. Over a hundred people died and a lot of buildings in and around Anchorage were destroyed. Over the next few years a lot of work went into rebuilding the city and making the buildings better in case there was another earthquake. In 1968 oil was discovered up in the Arctic region of Alaska, and Anchorage again got bigger quickly and merged with other towns in the area
. Today it is a modern city with a very large international airport, a large sea port that is very busy, and all the other things you would expect to find in a big city.
Utilities 
Water for the city comes from Eklutna Lake. 

The city's electricity comes from power plants in the city and from a dam also fed by Eklutna Lake.

Heat for homes comes from natural gas provided by Enstar Natural Gas Company.

Climate 
Anchorage has a subarctic climate (Dfc in the Köppen climate classification).

References 

 
1914 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Alaska
Boundary Peak is a mountain, (or peak), in the southwestern U.S. State of Nevada. The county is Esmeralda. It is the highest point in Nevada. It is less than two miles from the Cal/Nev state line, which is why it is called Boundary Peak. Boundary Peak is  tall, and the closest town is Dyer, a famous ghost town.

Other websites 
Boundary Peak
Boundary Peak - Highest Point in Nevada 

Geography of Nevada
Mountains of the United States
Skopje (Macedonian: Скопје; transcribed Skopje) is the capital and the largest city of North Macedonia. The city is the administrative, cultural, economic and academic centre of the country. In the past, the city has been known by various names such as: Üsküp (Turkish) or Skoplje (Serbo-Croatian). The city has been build upon the ancient city of Scupi. In 2002, the city had population of 506,926 citizens.

Geography 
Skopje is in the north of North Macedonia. Through the city flows the river Vardar, the biggest river in North Macedonia. Skopje is located on 255 metres above the sea level and it coves 1, 854 km² or 715.8 sq mi. Northern of the city is the mountain Skopska Crna Gora and on the south is the mountain Vodno.

Administrative divisions of the city 
The city of Skopje is administratively divided into 10 municipalities, of which one is the whole city named Greater Skopje. The city is part of the Skopje statistical region in North Macedonia.
1 .  Centar 
2 .  Gazi Baba
3 .  Aerodrom
4 .  Čair
5 .  Kisela Voda
6 .  Butel
7 .  Šuto Orizari
8 .  Karpoš
9 .  Gjorče Petrov
10 . Saraj

Sister and partner cities 

Skopje is twinned with:

Gallery

Related pages 
 Republic of North Macedonia

References

Other websites 

 Skopje Alexander the Great Airport
 Skopje Intercity Bus Station 
 Saints Cyril and Methodius University - Skopje
 City of Skopje Official Portal
The Norwegian Dawn is a cruise ship that began sailing in 2002 and is currently in operation with Norwegian Cruise Line.

History 
The Norwegian Dawn was ordered from shipbuilders Meyer-Werft, Papenburg, Germany. It was delivered in 2001 to Star Cruises. But, it was decided by Star Cruises that SuperStar Libra and SuperStar Scorpio would start being used as part of the fleet operated by subsidiary company Norwegian Cruise Line. These vessels would become Norwegian Star and Norwegian Dawn. In 2002, Norwegian Dawn was delivered to NCL. It is the second SuperStar.

Cruises
The Norwegian Dawn sails from New York City to Port Canaveral, Florida; Miami, Florida; Nassau, Bahamas; and Great Stirrup Cay.

Related pages 
SuperStar
Cruise ship

References

Other websites 
  Norwegian Dawn Official Site 
 CruiseCritic.com review
 Photos of Norwegian Dawn 

Cruise ships
Lea Weingarten Fastow (born December 1961) is the wife of former Enron executive and felon Andrew Fastow, and is the second former Enron executive to go to prison after Enron collapsed due to fraud in December 2001.

Fastow was born in Houston, Texas, born to a Jewish family. Her family had grocery store chain and Weingarten Realty Investors WRI. She graduated from Tufts University, where she met her husband. She earned an MBA at Northwestern University. She was married in 1984. Together Andrew and Lea have two children.

References

1961 births
Living people
American Jews
American criminals
Businesspeople from Houston
Lawrence M. Higby is an American businessman and political activist. Higby is the former assistant of the White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman during the Nixon Administration. He later went on to become CEO of home medical equipment company Apria. Up until 2005, Higby led a group of rich Republicans called the New Majority PAC.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
American political activists
The endorsement test was proposed by Sandra Day O'Connor, a member of the United States Supreme Court. She suggested it in her judgment in a lawsuit called Lynch v. Donnelly in 1984.

The endorsement test is a question that you can ask if you think that the government is doing something in favor of religion. According to the United States Constitution, the government cannot endorse any particular religion, and cannot endorse religion in general. The test asks: is the government doing something that makes people think that the government endorses religion? If so, that government act may not be allowed under the Constitution.

United States law
Religion in the United States
Terry Rakolta (born September 18, 1943) is an American homemaker and activist who led an unsuccessful boycott against the Fox Broadcasting Company sitcom Married... with Children Rakolta currently lives in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. Rakolta later founded Americans for Responsible Television to fight against other shows deemed offensive by the organization, including shows by Phil Donahue and Howard Stern.

American activists
1943 births
Living people
People from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
The Snake River is a river in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. It is a tributary of the Columbia River. The river rises in western Wyoming, and flows through the Snake River Plain in Idaho. It turns north, forming the border with Oregon and Idaho, and the border with Washington and Idaho. At Lewiston it turns west and flows through Washington to the Columbia River.

The Shoshone and Nez Perce Indians lived on the Snake River. The Lewis and Clark Expedition was the first American expedition to sight the Snake River. The river later was part of the Oregon Trail. Many pioneers traveled down the river to settle in the fertile Willamette Valley in Oregon. 

There are fifteen dams on the Snake River. Some are for hydropower, some for irrigation, and some for navigation.

Rivers of Washington (state)
Rivers of Oregon
Rivers of Wyoming
Rivers of Idaho
Mount Hood is a dormant volcano, called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe. It is in the U.S. state of Oregon, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) southeast of Portland. It is described as a "potentially active" stratovolcano.

The volcano is  high. It is the highest point in Oregon. There are several ski resorts on Mount Hood. There are 12 glaciers.

Each year, runners race on foot between Mount Hood and the Pacific Ocean in the "Hood to Coast Relay."

References

Geography of Oregon
Mountains of the United States
Crater Lake is a caldera lake in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the main attraction of Crater Lake National Park. It is famous for its blue color and clear water. The lake partly fills a nearly  deep caldera. The volcanic crater was formed by the collapse of the volcano, Mount Mazama, about 7,500 years ago.  There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake. The evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years.

In 1853, miner John Wesley Hillman made the first recorded visit to the lake. He named the lake "Deep Blue Lake". The lake was renamed at least three times, as Blue Lake, Lake Majesty, and finally Crater Lake.
Crater Lake is known for its famous piece of driftwood, named the Old Man of the Lake. It is a tree that has been moving up and down in the water for more than 100 years. The lake water is cold, so the tree is well preserved.  Originally, fish did not live in the lake. However, people stocked the lake with different kinds of fish between 1888 and 1941. Several species of fish still live in the lake.

Dimensions and depth 
Crater Lake is in Klamath County. The lake is about  northwest of the county seat of Klamath Falls, and about  northeast of Medford. The lake has an average depth of . Its maximum depth is . The depth changes slightly as the weather changes.  On the basis of maximum depth, Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States. It is the second deepest in North America, after Great Slave Lake in Canada. Crater Lake is also the ninth deepest lake in the world.
However, on the basis of comparing average depths among the world's deepest lakes, Crater Lake is the third deepest in the world. The caldera rim of Crater Lake ranges in elevation from .

Geology 

Mount Mazama is part of the Cascade Range island arc.  It was built up over a period of at least 400,000 years. The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption. That led to the lowering of Mount Mazama around 5700 BC. Since that time, all eruptions on Mazama are limited to the caldera.  Lava eruptions later created a central platform, called Wizard Island. Sediments and material from landslides also covered the caldera floor.
Eventually, the caldera cooled. That allowed rain and snow to form a lake. Fumaroles and hot springs remained common and active during this period. Also after some time, the slopes of the lake's caldera rim more or less stabilized. Streams restored a radial drainage pattern on the mountain, and forests began to cover the landscape. It is estimated that it took about 720 years to fill the lake to its present depth of 594 m. Much of this happened during a period when the climate was drier than it is now.  Some hydrothermal activity remains along the lake floor. That means that at some time in the future Mazama may erupt once again.

Water quality 

The waters of Crater Lake are some of the purest in North America. The water shows almost no pollution. There are several reasons, but the most significant is that the lake has no rivers or tributaries coming into it.
Clarity readings have always been in the high-20 meter to mid-30 meter (80–115 ft) range. That is very clear for any natural body of water. In 1997, scientists recorded a record clarity of 43.3 meters (142 ft).

The lake has relatively high levels of dissolved salts. The average pH has generally ranged between 7 and 8.

Sacred significance 
The Klamath tribe of Native Americans have long thought of the lake as a sacred site. Their legends tell of a battle between the sky god Skell and Llao, the god of the underworld. Mount Mazama was destroyed in the battle. That resulted in the creation of Crater Lake. The Klamath people used Crater Lake in vision quests. The Klamath believed those who were successful in such quests had more spiritual powers. The tribe still holds Crater Lake in high regard as a spiritual site.

Related pages
Crater Lake National Park

References
References

More reading 
 Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes, Stephen L. Harris, (Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula; 1988) 
 Geology of National Parks: Fifth Edition, Ann G. Harris, Esther Tuttle, Sherwood D., Tuttle (Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing; 1997) 
 '

Other websites 

 National Park Service: Crater Lake
 Crater Lake Data Clearinghouse  of the United States Geological Survey

Geography of Oregon
Lakes of the United States
Volcanoes of the United States
Calderas
VEI-7 volcanoes
Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto the shore of a sea, river, or lake by winds, tides, waves or man.

In some waterfront areas, driftwood is a major nuisance. However, the driftwood provides shelter and food for birds, fish and other aquatic species as it floats in the ocean. Gribbles, shipworms and bacteria decompose the wood and gradually turn it into nutrients that are reintroduced to the food web. Sometimes, the partially decomposed wood washes ashore, where it also shelters birds, plants, and other species. Driftwood can become the foundation for sand dunes.

Driftwood can be:
a tree or part of a tree that is in a large body of water because of strong winds or flooding 
buildings and their contents that are in the sea because of floods, storms and tsunamis
wooden objects placed into the water from shore
remains of wooden ships and boats
lost cargo
In history
According to Norse mythology, the first humans, Ask and Embla, were formed out of two pieces of driftwood, an ash and an elm, by the god Odin and his brothers, Ve and Vili. 

Driftwood carried by Arctic rivers was the main, or sometimes only, source of wood for some Inuit and other Arctic populations living north of the tree-line until they came into regular contact with European traders. 
 
Many people use driftwood as parts of decorative furniture or other art forms, and it is a popular element in the scenery of fish tanks.

Wood
The following is a list of incorporated places with the most people living in them in the United States. The United States Census Bureau says an "incorporated place" can have many names, such as city, town, village, borough, and municipality. A few special census-designated places (CDPs) are also in the Census Bureau's list of incorporated places. Consolidated city-counties are a type of place that includes all of a county, or something like it with a different name. Some consolidated city-counties, however, include more than one incorporated place. This list presents only that part (or "balance") of such consolidated city-counties that are not a part of another incorporated place.



50 states and the District of Columbia
The table below lists the 333 incorporated places in the United States with more than 100,000 people living in them on July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau. A city is displayed in bold if it is a state or federal capital city, and in italics if it is the city with the most people of the state. Five states—Delaware, Maine, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming—do not have cities with more than 100,000 people living in them.
The table below shows the following things:
 The city rank by population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau
 The city name
 The name of the state in which the city lies
 The city population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau
 The city population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census
 The city percent population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2022
 The city land area as of January 1, 2020
The city population density as of April 1, 2020 (residents per unit of land area)
 The city latitude and longitude coordinates
Where they are

Gallery

Puerto Rico

The table below lists the five municipalities (municipios) of Puerto Rico with more than 100,000 people living in them on July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau.

The table below contains the following information:

 The municipio rank by population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau
 The municipio
 The municipio population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau
 The municipio population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census
 The municipio percent population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2022
 The municipio land area as of January 1, 2020
 The municipio population density as of April 1, 2020 (residents per land area)
 The municipio latitude and longitude coordinates

Cities that used to have 100,000 people
The table below lists U.S. cities that, in past censuses, have had more than 100,000 people living in them, but do not anymore.
The following table lists U.S. cities that, in past censuses, have had populations of at least 100,000 but have since decreased beneath this threshold or have been consolidated with or annexed into a neighboring city.

The table below contains the following information:
 Name of city
 Name of state
 The city population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau
 The city population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census
 The city's peak population based on highest official enumeration recorded by the census (and the year of that particular census)
 The percent decline in population from its peak census count to the most recent census enumeration in 2020.
 Additional notes.

Notes and references

Notes

References

Other websites
 United States Government
 United States Census Bureau
 
 
 United States Office of Management and Budget

Lists of cities in the United States
What Not to Wear is a makeover reality show that is aired on the BBC. The reality show is now presented by Mica Paris and Lisa Butcher, but before them, it was presented by the fashion experts Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine.

On every episode of the show, there is a makeover of a man or woman who is very unfashionable. The person who is having the makeover is given £2000/$5000 to go shopping and buy new fashionable clothes with the two hosts who give them advice. The makeover helps the person to have a better appearance and be more fashionable.

British reality television series
BBC Television programmes
A public figure is a legal term applied in the context of defamation actions (libel and slander), as well as invasion of privacy. A public figure (such as a politician, musician, celebrity, or business leader) cannot base a lawsuit on incorrect harmful statements unless there is proof that the writer or publisher acted with malice (knowledge or reckless disregard for the truth). The burden of proof is higher in the case of a public figure.

Legal terms
Elms are  deciduous and semi-deciduous trees, found throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Siberia to Indonesia, Mexico to Japan. They have alternate, simple, single- or doubly-serrate leaves, usually asymmetric at the base and sharply pointed at the tip.

Elms are hermaphroditic, having perfect flowers, and which, being wind-pollinated, are without petals. The fruit is a round samara.

Elms take many decades to grow to maturity.

References
References

Collin, E. (2001). Elm. In Teissier du Cros (Ed.) (2001) Forest Genetic Resources Management and Conservation. France as a case study. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bureau of Genetic Resources. INRA DIC. France.
Cornell University: Elm hybrids (pdf file)
Martín-Benito D., Concepción García-Vallejo M., Alberto Pajares J., López D. 2005. Triterpenes in elms in Spain. Can. J. For. Res. 35: 199–205 (2005).  
Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004) The history of elm breeding. Investigacion agraria: Sistemas y recursos forestales 13(1): 161-177 (2004).
Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. Journal of Arboriculture, (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA.  .

Other websites
Northern Arizona University: Elm trials.

Trees
Ulmaceae
Elm could mean:

Elms, trees of the Genus Ulmus
Elm (e-mail client)
Elm (range), a hill range in Germany
Elm, Cambridgeshire, a village in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
Elm, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Glarus
Elmira-Corning Regional Airport near Elmira, NY and Corning, NY

To people:
 Professor Elm, fictional character from Pokémon
 Steven Elm, Canadian speed skater
Just like the other 49 American states, Massachusetts has its own governor. The current governor is Maura Healey. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The first governor of Massachusetts was John Hancock.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780–present 
This is a complete list of governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Acting governors, denoted as "A" instead of numbered, are included when the Governor resigned or died. Acting governors show a vacancy in the lieutenant governorship. They remain as Lieutenant Governors and merely act as governor. Lieutenant governors in Massachusetts do not ascend to the governorship upon death or resignation of their predecessor.

References

 
Massachusetts
Politicians from Massachusetts
Produce means fruits and vegetables. At a grocery store, the area selling fruits and vegetables is usually called the produce section. Also, people use a produce scale to weigh their fruits and vegetables.

Fruits
Vegetables
A highway, also spelled "hi-way", is a road made for travel by the public between important places, such as cities, towns and landmarks. The word "highway" can be different between countries and also mean a road, freeway, superhighway, autoroute, autobahn, parkway, expressway, autostrasse, autostrada, byway or motorway.

Highways come in many different designs. They can include many lanes of traffic, a median (strip of lane or barrier) between lanes of opposing traffic, and access control (ramps and bridges). Highways can also be as simple as a two-lane road.
In many countries, these roads are numbered to easily tell them apart. These numbered highways are usually called routes. The United States includes a system called the Interstate Highway system, controlled by AASHTO, where major north/south routes are odd numbered and east/west are even numbered. In Canada, routes that are in the 400s are freeways. In China, types of routes are separated by the first letter of the route; "G" for national road, "S" for provincial road and "Y" for rural roads.

Highways are sometimes criticised because of the pollution cars make when driving highways. When too many cars travel along a highway, traffic slows down; this is known as a traffic jam. Public transportation (such as buses) and special lanes for those who have a given number of people in a car are used to help stop these problems.

Highways
Beverly Atlee Cleary (née Bunn; April 12, 1916March 25, 2021) was an American children's writer. She was the author of over 80 books for young adults and children. Her characters are normal children facing challenges of growing up, and her stories are filled with humour. Some of her best known and loved characters are Ramona Quimby and her sister Beatrice ("Beezus"), Henry Huggins, Ralph S. Mouse, and Ribsy.

Biography
Biography

Beverly Cleary was born Beverly Atlee Bunn in McMinnville, Oregon. When she was 6, her family moved to Portland, Oregon,  where she went to grammar and high school. She was slow in learning to read, partly because she did not like the books the school wanted her to read, and partly due to an unkind first grade teacher. It was not until she was in third grade that she found enjoyment from books, when she started reading The Dutch Twins by Lucy Fitch Perkins. From then on, she visited the library often, though she rarely found the books she most wanted to read — those about children like herself.
In 1934, she moved to Ontario, California to attend Chaffey College, from which she earned an Associate of Arts diploma. She then moved to Berkeley to major in English at the University of California. After graduating with a B.A in English in 1938, she studied at the School of Librarianship at the University of Washington in Seattle, where she earned a degree in librarianship in 1939. Her first job was as a librarian in Yakima, Washington, where she met many children who were looking for the same books that she had always hoped to find as a child herself. In response, she wrote her first book which was published in 1950. Beezus and Ramona, Cleary's first novel to feature the Quimby sisters as the central focus of the story, was published in 1955, although Beezus and Ramona made frequent appearances in the Henry Huggins series as supporting characters.