Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Lesbians as parents
Many lesbian couples want to have children of their own. In order to raise children, they sometimes adopt. However some places do not allow homosexual couples to adopt children, so many of them want to be able to adopt children.

Some lesbian couples also have their own biological children. To do this they may have artificial insemination. This is when sperm from a donor male is placed in a woman to make a pregnancy. Some lesbian women do this at home with a friend they choose to be the donor. However many may use sperm banks. These are medical businesses that match couples who need donor sperm with men who will donate. Sometimes this is done anonymously which means the couple does not know the donor. Sometimes this is done with the donor known and even chosen by the couple.

Law and religion
Law and religion

Unlike gay sex between males, lesbian sex is not against the law in as many places. Some religions that condemn gay male sex say nothing about lesbian sex. Abrahamic religions usually see gay as well as lesbian relations as immoral. Saint Paul in Epistle to the Romans 1:26 describes lesbianism as 'unnatural' and 'shameful'. There are some religions, however, mostly new religious movements that accept lesbian relations.

In most parts of the world lesbian couples cannot marry. This means they do not have the legal benefits and protection of marriage. This can cause lesbians, and gay men, many problems. Pedophila committed by an adult lesbian upon an underage female may be a crime.

Related pages 

 Homosexuality

References

LGBT variations
Maine is the northeast-most state in the United States. The capital is Augusta, although the city of Portland, farther south, is the largest in the state. Maine became the 23rd state, on March 15, 1820.  It was previously a part of Massachusetts. Commercial Fishing, including lobster trapping, is a traditional and still vital part of the coastal economy. Tourism is a large industry in southern Maine because of its many beaches and picturesque coastal villages. Southern Maine is the part of the state that has the most people. Many other areas, to the North, are far more rural.
Geography
To the south and east is the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and northeast is New Brunswick, and the country of Canada. The Canadian province of Quebec is to the northwest. Maine is both the northernmost state in New England and the largest, accounting for nearly half the region's whole land area. Maine also has the distinction of being the only state to border just one other state (New Hampshire to the west). The municipalities of Eastport and Lubec are the easternmost city and town in the United States. Estcourt Station is Maine's northernmost point and also the northernmost point in the New England region of the United States.
Maine's "Moosehead Lake" is the biggest lake that is completely in New England (Lake Champlain is located between Vermont and New York, which is not considered part of New England). A number of other Maine lakes, like as South Twin Lake, are said by Thoreau. Mount Katahdin is both the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail, which  to Springer Mountain, Georgia, and the southern  of the new "International Appalachian Trail" which, when finished, will run to "Belle Isle", Newfoundland and Labrador.

Maine is the only state that shares its borders with only one other American state since it only borders New Hampshire and Canada.
Climate
Maine has a humid  climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), with warm (although mostly not hot), humid summers. Winters are cold and snowy all over the state, and are mostly more severe in the northern parts of Maine. Coastal areas are moderated somewhat by the Atlantic Ocean. Daytime highs are mostly in the 75–80 °F (24–27 °C) range all over the state in July, with overnight lows in the high 50s°F (around 15 °C). January temperatures range from highs near 32 °F (0 °C) on the southern coast to overnight lows below 0 °F (−18 °C) in the far north.

Maine is mostly safe from hurricanes and tropical storms. By the time they reach the state, many have become  and few hurricanes have made landfall in Maine. Maine has fewer days of thunderstorms than any other state east of the Rockies, with most of the state with less than 20 days of thunderstorms a year. Tornadoes are rare in Maine, about two per year, mostly happening in the southern part of the state.
In January 2009, a new record low temperature for the state was set at −50 °F, tying the New England record. The state's record high temperature is 105 °F, set in July 1911.

History

Humans have lived in Maine for many thousands of years.  The Penobscot, Mi’kmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot Native American groups all lived there before Europeans found Maine.

Early during the colonial time, Maine was part of Massachusetts.  It became its own state in 1820, the 23rd state in the United States of America.  Its northern border with Canada was set in 1842.

Population
Population

As of 2008, Maine has an estimated population of 1,321,504, which is an increase of 6,520, or 0.5%, from the past year and an increase of 46,582, or 3.7%, since the year of 2000. This has a natural increase since the last census of 6,413 people (that is 71,276 births minus 64,863 deaths) and an increase because of "net migration" of 41,808 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States made a net increase of 5,004 people, and migration within the country made a net increase of 36,804 people. The population density of the state is 41.3 people per square mile.

Economy

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Maine's total gross state product for 2007 was $48 billion. Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $33,991, 34th in the country.
People in Maine produce agricultural goods like poultry, eggs, dairy products, cattle, wild blueberries (the state makes 25% of all blueberries in North America, making it the largest blueberry maker in the world), apples, maple syrup and maple sugar. Aroostook County is known for its potato crops. Commercial fishing, once a mainstay of the state's economy, maintains a presence, mostly lobstering and groundfishing. Western Maine  and springs are a big source of bottled water. Maine's company outputs make paper, lumber and wood products, electronic stuff, leather things, food products, textiles, and bio-technology. Naval shipbuilding and building remain key as well, with Bath Iron Works in Bath and Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery. Naval Air Station Brunswick is also in Maine, and serves as a large support base for the U.S. Navy. However, the BRAC campaign recommended Brunswick's closing, despite a new government-funded effort to upgrade its facilities.

References

Notes

Related pages
Related pages 

 Colleges and universities in Maine
 List of counties in Maine
 List of rivers of Maine

 
1820 establishments in the United States
1884 was a leap year.

Births 
 May 8 – Harry S. Truman
 October 11 – Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States, wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt (d. 1962)
 December 30 – Hideki Tōjō, 40th Prime Minister of Japan, Led the Attack on Pearl Harbour (d. 1948)

Deaths 
 January 25 – Johann Gottfried Piefke, German conductor and composer (b. 1815)
 March 21 – Ezra Abbot, American Bible scholar (b. 1819)
 April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (b. 1858)
 May 12 – Bedrich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)
 May 13 –  Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (b. 1809)
 June 25 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (b. 1858)
 July 1 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (b. 1819)
 July 10 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
 November 25 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818)
Niuatoputapu is an island in Tonga. It has a population of about 1200 people. Niuatoputapu is located in the north of the country, near to Samoa.
Islands of Tonga
The Independent State of Samoa is a country in the Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. It has two islands, including Upolu and Savai'i. The capital of Samoa is Apia. It is on the island of Upolu. The head of the country is Va'aletoa Sualauvi II. 

The languages spoken in Samoa include Samoan and English. 

The sport that is most popular in Samoa is Rugby, and many Samoan people play Rugby.

Samoa was admitted to the United Nations on 18 September 1962.

A measles outbreak began in October 2019 and continued through December. As of December 28, there were 81 deaths out of 5667 cases.

Districts
Samoa has eleven political districts.  These are called itūmālō. These are the traditional eleven districts that were made well before European arrival.

1 including islands Manono, Apolima and Nu'ulopa
2 including the Aleipata Islands and Nu'usafe'e Island
3 smaller parts also on Upolu (Salamumu (incl. Salamumu-Utu) and Leauvaa villages)

Geography
Geography

Samoa is south of the equator.  It is about halfway between Hawai‘i and New Zealand in the Polynesian part of the Pacific Ocean. The main island of Upolu is home to nearly three-quarters of Samoa's people

The two large islands of Upolu and Savai'i are 99% of the total land area.  There are eight small islets. These are the three islets in the Apolima Strait: Manono Island, Apolima and Nu'ulopa. There are four Aleipata Islands off the eastern end of Upolu.  They are: Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Namua, and Fanuatapu.  And there is Nu'usafe'e.

East of Samoa is a group of islands called American Samoa. They are part of the United States, but they are similar to the country Samoa, because they also speak Samoan.

Samoa used to be east of the international date line. In 2011, the line changed, so that Samoa would be to the west of the date line. This change took effect on the night of 29 December.  Friday was skipped altogether and the following day was Saturday 31 December.

Demographics
Demographics

Samoa has 194,320 people. 92.6% are Samoans, 7% Euronesians (people of mixed, European and Polynesian ancestors) and 0.4% are Europeans.

Religion in Samoa includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 35.5%, Roman Catholic 19.6%, Methodist 15%, Latter-day Saints 12.7%, Samoan Assemblies of God 10.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.5%, Worship Centre 1.3%, unspecified 0.8%.There is also about 522 Jehovah's Witnessses in Samoa since 1931. Samoa has one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world. It is in Tiapapata.
 
Many people say that Samoan people are related to Māori people because lots of the language words are very similar to Maori language.
As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawai'ian, Tahitian and Māori), Samoans have two gender specific and culturally important tattoos. For males, it is called the Pe'a,  It is intricate and geometrical patterns tattooed on areas from the knees up towards the ribs. A male who has such a tatau is called a soga'imiti. A Samoan girl or teine is given a malu.  It covers the area from just below her knees to her upper thighs.

References

 
Commonwealth member states
David Thomas "Davy" Jones (December 30, 1945 – February 29, 2012) was an English singer and actor. He was born in Manchester, England. 

His father wanted him to be a jockey, but he wanted to be a performer. He appeared in the television programme, Coronation Street and in the London and Broadway versions of Oliver!. In 1966, he joined The Monkees, a musical group created for a television series of the same name. The series was cancelled in 1968 and the group disbanded in 1970. 

Jones continued to perform until his death from a heart attack caused by atherosclerosis in 2012 in Stuart, Florida.

References

Other websites

Deaths from myocardial infarction
English movie actors
English pop musicians
English singers
English television actors
Musical theater actors
Musicians from Manchester
1945 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from atherosclerosis
The Monkees members
Robert Michael Nesmith (December 30, 1942 – December 10, 2021) was an American musician, songwriter, actor, producer, novelist, businessman and philanthropist.

Nesmith was born in Dallas, Texas on December 30, 1942. His mother, Bette Nesmith Graham invented Liquid Paper in 1951 and made the family very rich.

In the 1960s, Nesmith moved to Los Angeles to start a recording career. He wrote the song "Different Drum" which was a hit for Linda Ronstadt and the Stone Poneys. In 1966, he became a member of the Monkees, a made-for-TV rock band. He left the group in 1969 and started a solo career.
Nesmith is considered one of the forefathers of the country-rock movement of the 1970s with his song Joanne.He produced albums such as loose salute and magnetic south with the first national band. Nesmith was known for his diamond suit, hat and cowboy boots that are currently on display at the country hall of fame. He also worked as a producer and is considered one of the pioneers of the music video industry. Nesmith's 1981 video-movie Elephant Parts won the first Grammy Award for a music video

Nesmith died from heart failure at his home in Carmel Valley, California on December 10, 2021, at the age of 78.

References

Musicians from Texas
American songwriters
American television actors
American rock musicians
Grammy Award winners
Actors from Dallas
1942 births
2021 deaths
Philanthropists from Texas
Deaths from heart failure
American country guitarists
The Monkees members
Peter Halsten Thorkelson (February 13, 1942 – February 21, 2019), better known as Peter Tork, was an American actor and musician. He was born in Washington, D.C. He started as a folk musician in Greenwich Village. In 1966, he became famous as a member of The Monkees. He was recommended for the group by his friend Stephen Stills. Shortly after The Monkees television series ended 1968, he left the band. He played with the other members of the group at times, but often played with his own bands and tours.

Tork died on February 21, 2019 in Mansfield, Connecticut, aged 77. He suffered from a rare form of throat cancer in the years before his death.

References

1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
American guitarists
American pop musicians
The Monkees members
George Michael Dolenz, Jr. (born March 8, 1945),  better known as Micky Dolenz is an American actor, singer, director, and voice artist. He is most famous as a member of The Monkees.

1945 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Musicians from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
The Monkees members
Goldstar is an Israeli beer that has been brewed in Israel since the 1950s.
It is defined as a Munich-style beer. Goldstar contains 4.9% alcohol.

Beer
Events 
January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli (a peace treaty between the United States and Tripoli) is signed at Algiers.
January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Republic adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as official flag. It is the birthday of the flag of Italy.
February 14 – The Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), part of the Wars of the French Revolution.
February 18 – Spanish Governor Chacon peacefully surrenders the colony of Trinidad and Tobago to a British naval force.
February 22 – Attempted invasion of Britain at Fishguard in Wales by French forces
February 26 – The Bank of England (national bank of Britain) issues the first one-pound note (discontinued March 11, 1988).
March 4 – John Adams succeeds George Washington as the President of the United States of America.
 May 12 – First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice, ending the 1100 years of independence of the city. Last doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin, steps down.
July 24 – Horatio Nelson is wounded at Tenerife, causing a loss of one arm.
 September 7 – Treaty of Campo Formio ends the War of the First Coalition.
 October 21 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli.
 December 17 – Napoleon leads a successful French charge against Fort l'Aiguilette to secure Toulon for French
 Large-scale mutinies in Royal Navy
 Joseph Haydn composes the music to "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser," the tune of which also became the music to the German national anthem, "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit."
Births 
 Date unknown – Mahmud Bayazidi, Kurdish polymath
 August 30 – Mary Shelley, British writer of Frankenstein

Deaths 
 September 10 – Mary Wollstonecraft, female philosopher (b. 1759)
Events 
 January 23 – The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning.
 March 1 – Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times
 March 27 – First reported case of white men seeing Yosemite Valley.
 March 30 – A population census was taken of all people living in the United Kingdom.
 May 1 – The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria. It runs until October 18.
 May 15 – Rama IV is crowed King of Thailand.
 July – The immortal game, a famous chess game, is played.
 July 1 – Colony of Victoria separates from New South Wales.
 July 29 – Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
 August 22 – The yacht America wins the first America's Cup race (see Yachting).
 October 18 – The Great Exhibition in London is closed.
November 13 – The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what will become Seattle, Washington.
 December 2 – Louis Napoleon, president of France, dissolves French National Assembly and declares a new constitution to extend his term. Later he declares himself as an emperor Napoleon III. End of the Second Republic.
 December 24 – The Library of Congress burns.
 December 29 – The first YMCA opens, in Boston, Massachusetts.
Births 
 January 17 – A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
 January 19 – Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
 February 8 – Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904)
 March 27 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)
 April 21 – Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)
 May 6 – Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer and comedian (d. 1925)
 May 20 – Emil Berliner, telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929)
 August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
 October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)
 October 31 – Princess Louise of Sweden
 Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)
 Ruperto Chapí, Spanish zarzuelist
 Tom Morris, Jr., Scottish golfer (d. 1875)

Deaths 
 February 1 – Mary Shelley, British writer of Frankenstein
 August 28 – Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Australian explorer
 September 14 – James Fenimore Cooper
Art, music, theatre, and literature 
 The House of the Seven Gables by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
 Moby-Dick by Herman Melville.
Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (born November 14, 1953), simply known as Dominique de Villepin, was Premier (or Prime Minister) of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007. He was made Premier by Jacques Chirac after the French President removed Jean-Pierre Raffarin from the premiership. Raffarin failed to gain the support of the French people for the European Constitution.

Dominique de Villepin said that his government's most important task would be job creation. He knew that the French people were concerned about the condition of the French economy. This was one of the reasons they had voted against the European Constitution in the referendum on 29 May 2005.

On 15 May 2007, the last full day of President Jacques Chirac's term, Villepin gave his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President. He was replaced two days later by François Fillon.

References
References

1953 births
Living people
Alumni of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris
French diplomats
French lawyers
Government ministers of France
Prime Ministers of France
People from Rabat
Vice Admiral Sir Francis Drake (1540 – 27 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. He was born in Tavistock and grew up in Kent, where he learned to be a sailor. Soon he was a shipmaster (captain). Queen Elizabeth I awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581, which he received on the Golden Hind in Deptford. He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He also carried out the second circumnavigation of the world, from 1577 to 1580 during which he attacked towns of the Spanish Empire. He had always been a powerful enemy to the Spanish.

He died of dysentery in January 1596 after he had unsuccessfully attacked San Juan, Puerto Rico.

His exploits were legendary. He was a hero to the English but a pirate to the Spaniards. King Philip II was reported to have offered a reward of 20,000 ducats, today worth about £4,000,000 (about US $6,500,000) for him to be killed.

References
References 

1540 births
1596 deaths
English admirals
English businesspeople
English explorers
Slavers
Deaths from dysentery
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is made up of Members of Parliament elected by the people. Sometimes it is called the 'lower house'. (The 'upper house' is called the House of Lords.) Other countries also have a bicameral parliament with a House of Commons working in the same way.

In the British parliament, there are 650 Members of Parliament or MPs. Each MP represents a constituency, which covers an area of the country. The people of each constituency vote at a general election or a by-election to choose one person to represent them in the House of Commons. Usually, the people choose someone who belongs to a political party. When all the parties get together, the party or coalition with the most members is the government and runs the country. The leader of that party is called the Prime Minister.
The House of Commons hold their meetings in the Palace of Westminster.  Their chief officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by MPs. The current Speaker is Lindsay Hoyle, who was elected in 2019. The Clerk of the House of Commons is the Principal Adviser to the Speaker. The Serjeant-at-Arms is in charge of the security.

Election results since 1945 

United Kingdom
Wank is a mountain in the Bavarian Alps, by Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany, close to the Austrian border.
Wank is 1780m tall, and has a cable car, the Wankbahn, which takes people almost all the way to the top.  Near the peak, there is an inn called the Wankhaus which was built in 1911 that allows people to spend the night.

Alps
Geography of Bavaria
Mountains of Germany
Events 
 February 6 – James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland.
 February 18 – Fort St. Louis is established by a Frenchman at Matagorda Bay thus forming the basis for France's claim to Texas.
 February 20 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle lands with 200 surviving colonists at Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast intending to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River, believing it near.
 March – Louis XIV of France passes the "Code Noir", allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies.
 June 20 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmout], illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland declares himself King and heir to his father's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland, after already forming his own army and campaigning against his uncle.
July 6 – Monmouth Rebellion: The Battle of Sedgemoor between the armies of King James II of England and rebel forces under Monmouth. Monmouth's army is defeated and the Duke himself is captured shortly after the battle.
 July 15 – The Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, London.
 October 18-19 – Louis XIV declares the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revokes the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal.
Undated 
 The Chinese army of the Qing Dynasty attacks a Russian post at Albazin, during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperor and the dual Russian rulers Ivan V of Russia and Peter I of Russia. The events lead to the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
 Adam Baldridge founds a pirate base in St Mary Island in the Madagascar.
 On a trading expedition to the Mississippi, explorer Michel Mathieu Brunet dit Lestang discovers La Baie des Puants (present-day Green Bay, Wisc.).

Births
January 7 – Jonas Alströmer, Swedish industrialist (died 1761)
 January 9 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch philologist (died 1766)
 February 8 – Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French historian (died 1770)
 February 10 – Aaron Hill, English writer (died 1750)
 February 16 – Munuc Wraecca, English minister and writer (died 1763)
 February 23 – George Frideric Handel, German composer (died 1759)
 March 12 – George Berkeley, English philosopher (died 1753)
 March 18 – Ralph Erskine, Scottish minister (died 1752)
 March 21 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (died 1750)
 June 30 – John Gay, English writer (died 1732)
 July 3 – Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, British cavalry officer (died 1768)
 August 18 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (died 1731)
 October 1 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1740)
 October 26 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (died 1757)
 November 17 – Pierre Gaultier de Verannes et de la Vérendrye, French-Canadian trader and explorer (died 1749)
Deaths 
 January 2 – Harbottle Grimston, English politician (born 1603)
 February 6 – King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland (born 1630)
 February 11 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (born 1638)
 February 24 – Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle, English politician and military leader (born 1629)
 March 22 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (born 1638)
 May 26 – Karl II, Elector Palatine (born 1651)
 July 15 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of England (beheaded) (born 1649)
 July 28 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (born 1618)
 September 1 – Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer and diplomat (born 1625)
 October 12 – Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian jurist (born 1628)
 October 30 – Michel le Tellier, French statesman (born 1603)
 December 12 – John Pell, English mathematician (born 1610)
 date unknown Nalan Xingde, Chinese poet who became a scholar and officer in the Imperial Bodyguard (born 1655)

References
Henry Louis Aaron (February 5, 1934 – January 22, 2021) was a professional baseball player who played right field.  He played baseball professionally for 22 years and hit 755 home runs. Even though he has 755 home runs in his career, he never hit 50 or more in a season. He was selected for 25 All-Star games.  He was put into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982. 

Hank Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama. He died on January 22, 2021, two weeks before his 87th birthday, in Atlanta.

References

Other websites 

Hank Aaron at Baseball Aha 

1934 births
African-American baseball players
Atlanta Braves players
Milwaukee Braves players
Milwaukee Brewers players
National League All-Stars
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Sportspeople from Alabama
2021 deaths
Vishnu is the supreme godhead of Vaishnavism (Para Brahman or Nirguna Brahman) in puranas. He is called Swambhagwan in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Vishnu is one of the three main gods in Hinduism and is the supreme being in the Vaishnava tradition and vishnu is a member of the Trimurti in Hinduism.

Vishnu is the god of preservation. This means that he protects the universe from being destroyed. It is believed that Vishnu holds the Earth and all living organisms. According to the Hindu religion, he has set foot and arrived on the Earth in nine forms called avatars, so far with one incarnation yet to come that is Kalki at the last to be Kali Yuga, to destroy evil. His most famous incarnations are Rama, Krishna, Parashurama, and Narasimha!
Vishnu holds a lotus, or Padma, the indestructible mace of Vishnu (Kaumodaki), a conch (Shankha), and the unstoppable disc of Vishnu (Sudarshana Chakra) in each of his four hands. He is known to take many disguises, but the three main forms of Vishnu are Mahavishnu Karanodakshayi Vishnu (Mahavishnu), Garbhodaksayi Vishnu, and Kshirodakashayi Vishnu, the other two are the expansions of Karanodakshayi Vishnu.

Avatars 
There are 10 avatars of Vishnu (in the order they appeared):
 Matsya (fish)
 Kurma (turtle)
 Varaha (boar)
 Narasimha (half lion, half man)
 Vamana (dwarf)
 Parashurama (Fierce man/Hunter)
 Rama (developed man/fighter)
 Krishna

The diverse branches of the Hindu Tradition accept the ninth form of Vishnu as the following:

 Jagannath (abstract form)
Budhha (enlightened man)
 Kalki (future avatar, has not appeared yet)
Icons 
Vishnu holds items in his four hands. He holds a conch in the upper left hand, which represents victory. He holds the Sudarshan Chakra in the upper right hand, which represents spiritual energy. In his lower left hand, a lotus (flower) represents peacefulness, and in his lower right hand, the Kaumodaki represents Vishnu's powers.

Temples of Vishnu (Mahavishnu)

The Kodlamane Shree Vishnumurthy Temple is dedicated to Vishnu and is the ancient Tirth Kshetra.  There is no other place like this anywhere in Brahamanda.

Powers and abilities 
Vishnu has omniverse manipulation, absolute manipulation, meta manipulation, and preservation. As the preserver, Vishnu can control anything and everything. The power to protect everything from anything is the reason he is also called the supreme protector of his devotees.

Absolute destruction: In the Vishnu purana, Vishnu is also described as the creator, destroyer, and preserver. As the destroyer, he can even destroy infinity or the omniverse.
Omniverse creation or absolute creation: As the creator in the Vishnu Purana, Vishnu has the power to create everything, even infinity and beyond. The power to have limitless power upon seeing the Supreme form of Vishnu. Arjuna describes him as having infinite prowess or power.

Omnipotence : Vishnu has the power to do absolutely everything, even creating something that is bigger than infinity itself. In chapter 11 of the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna/Vishnu shows Arjuna everything—all creation: time, space, past, present, future, the omniverse, fictional and real human beings, and more. It is beyond human imagination to actually comprehend it.

Omniscience: the power to have infinite wisdom experience and knowledge.
Omnipresent: The power to be everywhere at every time including beyond the omniverse in both past present and future. When Krishna/Vishnu shows his Supreme appearance, it is described being everywhere, yet people can't see it because they don't have the divine vision. Only Maharishis/sages, gods, Sanjaya, and Arjuna are able to see this Vishvarupa.

Formless: Vishnu's true form is described as formless, infinite, boundless, inapplicable, without shape and color, according to Vishnu Purana.

Absolute immortality: Chapter 1 of Vishnu purana describes Vishnu being boundlessly above the concept of death idea and life.

Absolute Transcendence/Being Above All Things: The Vishnu Purana also describes Vishnu as being above all descriptions such as logic, time, space, etc.                                       He is an infinite dimensional being according to Vishnu Sahasranamam.

Gallery

References

Hindu gods and goddesses
Money laundering is a process some criminals do to hide the money they make from crimes or political corruption, which is called "dirty money". Such dirty money needs to be "cleaned" so it looks like it came from legal sources, and banks can accept it without being suspicious on where it came from. Criminals also do money laundering to make it hard for the police to find out where the criminal got the money.

One way criminals launder money is by using the money earned from illegal activities to buy things (like gold and silver, shares or casino chips, other legitimate business activities like food or liquor stores) and then selling those things to get the money back. If a criminal buys and sells things many times it is hard for the police to find out where the criminal got the money.
Some countries have laws to try to stop money laundering. These laws help the police to find out when criminals try to do money laundering. Under the laws in some countries, business people must:
tell the Government when someone pays them a lot of money (for example $10,000) or when someone puts a lot of money in their bank
tell the Government if they think someone is doing money laundering, and
write down on paper, or on a computer, every time someone gives them a lot of money or they give someone a lot of money.

In 1989, some countries set up a group of people from different Governments to tell countries the best ways to stop money laundering. This organization is called the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering. The following countries have joined the Financial Action Task Force (FATF/GAFI):
Argentina
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Curaçao 
Denmark
European Commission
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong, China
Iceland
India
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Kuwait
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Oman
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea  
Russian Federation
Saint Maarten
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States

Money laundering in Canada

In Canada money laundering is a serious issue. The government of Canada has allocated more than $70 million to fight money laundering.

The province of British Columbia announced it is holding a public inquiry into this issue.

References 

Organized crime
Financial crimes
The supreme deity of the Greek pantheon, Zeus was universally respected and revered throughout Ancient Greece; the ancient Olympic Games were held at the site of  Olympia every four years in honor of him. Highly temperamental, Zeus was armed with the mighty thunderbolt, said to be the most powerful weapon among the gods. Zeus was married to his sister, Hera, though he was infamous for his infidelity, taking on an almost innumerable amount of lovers and consorts, both mortal and divine including Karis and Hercules' mother. Zeus was known for throwing thunderbolts at people.
The god of honor and justice, Zeus was the one who both established and enforced law, and served as the standard for kings to follow, ensuring they did not abuse the power of their position. His symbols were the thunderbolt, a scepter, an oak tree, and the eagle and bull were his sacred animals. His Roman equivalent is Jupiter. Zeus was the strongest Greek god, the ruler of all gods. He also had a lot of children that he was not supposed to have.

Related pages 
 Tinia - Etruscan mythology version of Zeus
 Jupiter - Roman mythology version of Zeus
Indra - Hindu mythology version of Zeus

References

Twelve Olympians
Gods and goddesses of the sky
Gods and goddesses of thunder
Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology that studies how species start and change over time; or in other words, how species evolve. Someone who studies evolutionary biology is known as an evolutionary biologist.

History
Evolutionary biology became an academic subject  as a result of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s.  It was not until the 1970s and 1980s that universities had departments which used the term evolutionary biology in their titles.

As a result of the rapid growth of molecular and cell biology, many universities have split their biology departments into molecular and cell biology-style departments and ecology and evolutionary biology-style departments. These have absorbed older departments such as paleontology, zoology, botany and the like.

Related pages 
Evolution
Modern evolutionary synthesis
Speciation
Natural selection

References
Births 
 January 6 – Helius Eobanus Hessus, German Latin poet (d. 1540)
 January 20
 John George, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian noble (d. 1533)
 Sebastian Münster, German scholar, cartographer, and cosmographer (d. 1552)
 March 19 – Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (d. 1544)
 April 16 – Jungjong of Joseon (d. 1544)
 April 21 – Ulrich von Hutten, German religious reformer (d. 1523)
 May 1 – Sidonie of Bavaria, eldest daughter of Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich (d. 1505)
 May 5 – Lê Uy Mục, Eighth king of the later Lê dynasty of Vietnam (d. 1509)
 May 7 – John III of the Palatinate, Administrator of the Bishopric of Regensburg (d. 1538)
 June – Heinrich Glarean, Swiss music theorist (d. 1563)
 June 29 – Pedro Pacheco de Villena, Catholic cardinal (d. 1560)
 July 15 – Juan Álvarez de Toledo, Catholic cardinal (d. 1557)
 October 17 – Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1510)
December 1 – Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, Countess of Wied, German noblewoman (d. 1559)
 December 15 – Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria (d. 1550)
 date unknown
 Rabbi Yosef Karo, Jewish scholar (d. 1575)
 Oswald Myconius, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1552)
 Jan Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1561)
 Thomas of Villanova, Spanish bishop (d. 1555)
 Gustav Trolle, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1533)
 probable
 Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1544)
 Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet, French soldier (d. 1525)
 Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (d. 1568)
 Lütfi Pasha, Ottoman statesman (d. 1564)
Deaths 
 April 14 – Girolamo Riario, Lord of Imola and Forli (b. 1443)
 June 11 – King James III of Scotland (b. c. 1451)
 July 18 – Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
 July 28 – Edward Woodville, Lord Scales (at the Battle of St. Aubin-du-Cormier)
 September 9 – Francis II, Duke of Brittany (fell from a horse) (b. 1433)
 September 13 – Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1434)
 October 10 – Andrea del Verrocchio, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1435)
 date unknown
 John II, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1426)
 Iizasa Ienao, Japanese swordsman (b. c. 1387)
1695 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.

Events
 February 6 – Mustafa II (1695–1703) succeeds Ahmed II as Ottoman Emperor.
 July 17 – The Bank of Scotland is founded.
 Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
 Gold is discovered in Brazil.

 April 17 – Juana de Asbaje
1767 was a common year.

Events 
 July 2 – Pitcairn Islands discovered (found) by Captain Philip Cartaret in HMS Swallow

Births 
 March 15 – Andrew Jackson
 July 11 – John Quincy Adams
Events 
 February 24 – The February Revolution begins.

Births 
 February 27 – Hubert Parry, English composer
 March 19 – James Otis, American children's writer
 June 7 – Paul Gauguin, French painter

Deaths 
 February 23 – John Quincy Adams

New Books 
 Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray
Events

By place

Greece
 Cleomenes III is defeated and the Spartan army annihilated by the Achaean League and the Macedonians in the Battle of Sellasia.
 Ptolemy IV succeeds his father Ptolemy III as king of Egypt.

Rome
 Marcus Claudius Marcellus leads the Romans to victory in the Battle of Clastidium, conquering the area later known as Cisalpine Gaul.
The Romans capture Milan.

Asia
 State of Qin conquers the state of Yan and defeats the last defensive forces of the state of Zhao in China .

Deaths 

 Ptolemy III Euergeter I, king of Egypt
 Ctesibius, mathematician

222 BC
Mozilla Firefox (branded and simply known as Firefox) is a free and open source web browser that is made by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It works on common operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, Linux and Android. With Firefox, browsing features can be added or removed and users can customize Firefox to fit their needs. This was done to make Firefox safe and simple to use.

On most operating systems, Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine to load web pages, which uses up-to-date web standards. However, Firefox for iOS, which was released in late 2015, does not use Gecko due to Apple's restrictions which only allow third-party web browsers to use the WebKit-based layout engine that is built into iOS.
Firefox was created in 2002, under the name "Phoenix" by the Mozilla community members who wanted a standalone browser rather than a bundle of different Mozilla applications. Even in its beta phase, Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed, security, and add-ons compared to Microsoft's then-popular Internet Explorer 6. Firefox was released in November 2004 and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months, marking the first time that Internet Explorer's popularity was being challenged. Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator since the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998.

Firefox 3.0 

Firefox 3.0, while it was being made, was given the name Gran Paradiso. Like other Firefox development names, "Gran Paradiso" is an actual place; in this case, it is the second-highest mountain group in the Graian Alps.

In 2006, the development team asked people who used Firefox to submit ideas for features in Firefox 3.
NetApplications says that the use of Firefox 3 had been going up quickly to a usage share of 23.75% in September 2009. They believe that this means that Firefox 3 is stable and that users are making it their main browser.

Guinness World record 
The date for the launch of Firefox 3 was June 17, 2008, named "Download Day 2008." Firefox was aiming to set the record for most Firefox downloads in 24 hours. As of June 18, 2008, more than 6.88 million people have downloaded Firefox 3.

Many people tried going to the Mozilla website on June 17, making it unavailable for at least a few hours. The site was not updated for the download of Firefox 3 until 12:00 PDT. "Download Day" ended at 11:16 AM PDT June 18. Firefox 3 has been downloaded 28,340,281 different times.
Features 
Features include tabbed browsing, spell checking, incremental find, live bookmarking, Smart Bookmarks, a download manager, private browsing, location-aware browsing (also known as "geolocation") based on a Google service, and an integrated search system.

Add-ons

Extensions 
Extensions let a user add new things to the browser or change how it does something. They are created by other users. Because extensions are able to access all parts of the computer that Firefox can, extensions that can harm a computer could be made. However, the extension can only change system settings if you have administrator privileges.

Themes 
Firefox also has themes or skinning which change the way the browser looks to the user. Some themes that can make Firefox look like other browsers, such as Internet Explorer and Netscape.

Tabs 
Tabbed browsing is a feature used in the browser where many webpages can be opened in one window, with labeled tabs on top to select the webpage. To make a new empty tab, type control-T.
Searching 
There is a search box in Firefox that can be seen in the top right corner of the window. When someone using Mozilla Firefox types something in the search box and presses enter, the browser will search the Internet using a search engine like Google or Yahoo!.
There are "search suggestions" in Firefox 2. When words are typed in the search box, suggested words will appear. For example, if "wiki" is typed, the browser will suggest "Wikipedia".

Spell checking 
Firefox can use spell checking, if a word is typed badly into a text box, like the one where someone changes a Wikipedia page, the program will underline the word that is spelled wrong with a red line. If you scroll over that word and right click, Mozilla Firefox will list words which use the right spelling. For example: the wrong word "chekc" will have "check" as a suggestion.
Global usage 
Firefox's international usage grew to 32% by the end of 2009. After the release of Google Chrome, Firefox's popularity began to decline. , Firefox has between 9% and 16% of worldwide usage as a desktop browser, making it the second most-popular web browser. Firefox continues to be the most popular browser in Cuba, Eritrea, and Germany, with 85.93%, 79.39%, and 38.36% of the market share, respectively. According to Mozilla, there were 170 million Firefox users around the world in December 2017. With Internet Explorer declining, Firefox has reached second place in April 2018 as a desktop browser, behind Google Chrome.

Awards 
Mozilla Firefox has been given a number of awards by many organizations. These awards include:
CNET Editors' Choice, June 2008
 Webware 100 winner, April 2008
 Webware 100 winner, June 2007
 PC World 100 Best Products of 2007, May 2007
 PC Magazine Editors' Choice, October 2006
 CNET Editors' Choice, October 2006
 PC World's 100 Best Products of 2006, July 2006
 PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award, Software and Development Tools category, January 2006
 PC Magazine Best of the Year Award, December 27, 2005
 PC Pro Real World Award (Mozilla Foundation), December 8, 2005
 CNET Editors' Choice, November 2005
 UK Usability Professionals' Association Award Best Software Application 2005, November 2005
 Macworld Editor's Choice with a 4.5 Mice Rating, November 2005
 Softpedia User's Choice Award, September 2005
 TUX 2005 Readers' Choice Award, September 2005
 PC World Product of the Year, June 2005
 Forbes Best of the Web, May 2005
 PC Magazine Editor's Choice Award, May 2005

References

Further reading

Other websites 

 
 Firefox Nightly Builds
 Firefox ESR Builds

Mozilla Firefox
Web browsers
Leonard Albert "Lenny" Kravitz (born May 26, 1964) is an American actor, rock singer, songwriter and musician. Some of his biggest hit songs include "It Ain't Over Til It's Over", "Again", and "Fly Away". He sung on "(I Can't Make It) Another Day" Michael Jackson's 2010 album Michael. He also wrote and produced the song.

Early life
He is of African-American, Afro-Bahamian and Ashkenazi Jewish (from Russia and Ukraine) descent. His mother, Roxie Roker (1929-1995), was an actress on The Jeffersons in the 1970s and His daughter Zoë Kravitz who is also an actress.

The family of his father Sy Kravitz has Ukrainian roots.

Albums
Singles
1989 - "Let Love Rule"
1990 - "I Build This Garden for Us"
1990 - "Be"
1990 - "Mr. Cab Driver"
1990 - "Does Anybody Out There Even Care"
1991 - "Always on the Run" 
1991 - "It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over"
1991 - "Fields of Joy"
1991 - "Stand by My Woman" 
1991 - "What the Fuck Are We Saying?"
1991 - "Stop Draggin' Around"
1991 - "What Goes Around Comes Around"
1993 - "Are You Gonna Go My Way"
1993 - "Believe"
1993 - "Heaven Help"
1993 - "Spinning Around Over You"
1993 - "Is There Any Love in Your Heart"
1993 - "The Buddha of Suburbia"(with David Bowie)
1994 - "Deuce"
1995 - "Rock and Roll Is Dead"
1995 - "Circus"
1996 - "Can't Get You Off My Mind" 
1996 - "The Resurrection"
1998 - "I Belong to You"
1998 - "If You Can't Say No"
1998 - "Thinking of You"
1998 - "Fly Away"
1999 - "Black Velveteen"
1999 - "American Woman"
2000 - "Again"
2001 - "Dig In"
2002 - "Stillness of Heart"
2002 - "Believe in Me"
2002 - "If I Could Fall in Love"
2002 - "Yesterday Is Gone (My Dear Kay)"
2004 - "Show Me Your Soul"(with P. Diddy, Loon and Pharrell)
2004 - "Where Are We Runnin'?"
2004 - "California"
2004 - "Storm"(with Jay-Z)
2005 - "Calling All Angels"
2005 - "Lady"
2005 - "Breathe"
2007 - "Bring It On"
2007 - "I'll Be Waiting"
2008 - "Love Love Love"
2008 - "Dancin' Til Dawn"
2011 - "Come On Get It"
2011 - "Stand"
2011 - "Rock Star City Life"
2011 - "Black and White America"
2011 - "Push"
2012 - "Superlove"
2014 - "The Chamber"
2014 - "Sex"
Related pages
Ukrainian Americans

References

1964 births
Living people
Actors from Manhattan
African American actors
African American musicians
Jewish American actors
Jewish American musicians
American Christians
American drummers
American pianists
American R&B musicians
American rock guitarists
American soul musicians
Musicians from Manhattan
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Events 
 January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is born.
 March 20 –The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
June 24 - Franz Liszt shows Franz Schubert's opera Alfonso und Estrella in Weimar. This was thirty-two years after it was composed.
 August 9 –Johann succeeds to the throne of Saxony on the death of his brother.
 October 6 –The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead in England
 November 5 –Crimean War – Battle of Inkerman: The Russians are defeated.
 December 3 – Eureka Stockade miner's rebellion, Ballarat, Australia
 The French fashion label Louis Vuitton is founded.

Births