Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
This article lists the 100 oldest living current or former state leaders whose age can be demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt. State leaders are defined to include heads of state (including representatives who act in their stead, generally a governor-general), heads of government and internationally recognized de facto leaders of sovereign states with significant international recognition. Leaders are not included if no reliable secondary sources have confirmed that the leader is alive within the last 10 years.

Miscellaneous information and Gallery

List

Addendum

Uncertain date of birth

Unclear status as state leaders

Unclear status as state leaders with an uncertain date of birth

Related pages
 Oldest people

Other websites
 United Nations—a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
 WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories

Notes

References

Lists of heads of state
Shandong () is a province on the east coast of China. It borders Hebei in its northwest, Henan in its west, and Anhui and Jiangsu in its south. Across the Bohai Strait to its north is Liaodong Peninsula, and across the Yellow Sea to the east is Korean Peninsula. Its capital is Jinan, and its largest city is Qingdao.

Other websites 

Provinces of China
Eric David Hargan (born June 3, 1968) is an American lawyer. From October 2017 to January 2018, he was the acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services. He is the current United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services, assuming office on October 6, 2017. Hargan previously acted in this role from 2003 to 2007 in the George W. Bush administration.

On October 10, 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Hargan as acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.

References

1968 births
Living people
Lawyers from Illinois
Politicians from Illinois
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Gabrielle Hilda Blunt (8 January 1919 – 10 June 2014) was a British actress. 

Blunt's first significant role was as Catriona Macroon in the film Whisky Galore! and she played the same role in the 1958 follow-up Rockets Galore. Blunt also appeared as Mrs. Bulstrode in the Wilt (film), a 1989 adaptation of Tom Sharpe's novel. She became best known for her roles in British sitcoms, appearing over the years in Happy Ever After, Shine on Harvey Moon, Roll Over Beethoven (TV series), One Foot in the Grave, Drop the Dead Donkey The Fast Show, Harry Enfield's Television Programme and Paul Merton: The Series and The Thin Blue Line.

References

Other websites 

1919 births
2014 deaths
British actors
The 2016 United States presidential election in Wyoming was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

In the presidential election, Donald Trump easily defeated Hillary Clinton and received 3 electoral votes.

Presidential

Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in Wyoming. Wyoming has voted Republican in the general election since 1968.

Results

Results by county

Caucuses

Democratic 

The Democratic caucus occurred on 9 April 2016.

Republican 

The Republican caucus occurred on 12 March 2016.

Related pages
 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

References

Other websites 
 RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process 
 Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
 2016 Presidential primaries , ElectionProjection.com

History of Wyoming
2016 United States presidential election by state
A
 Aamir khan
 Aashish Chaudhry
 Abhay Deol
 Abhimanyu Singh
 Abhishek Bachchan
 Adeel Chaudhry
 Aditya Roy Kapur
 Aftab Shivdasani
 Ajay Devgan
 Ajit Khan
 Akshay Kumar
 Akash Thosar
 Akshaye Khanna
 Amit Sadh
 Amitabh Bachchan
 Amjad Khan
 Amrish Puri
 Anil Kapoor
 Anoop kumar
 Anupam Kher 
 Aparshakti Khurana
 Arbaaz Khan
 Arjun Bijlani
 Arjun Kapoor
 Arjun Rampal
 Arshad Warsi
 Arunoday Singh
 Ayushman Khurana

B
 Balraj Sahni
 Bobby Deol
 Boman Irani
 Babita
 Bindiya Goswami

D
 Dara Singh
 Dev (actor)
 Dev Anand
 Dharmendra
 Dilip Joshi
 Dilip Kumar
 Diljit Dosanjh
 Dino Morea

E
 Emraan Hashmi

F
 Fardeen Khan
 Farhan Akhtar
 Feroz Khan

G
 Ganesh Routh
 Govinda
 Guru Dutt

H
 Harman Baweja
 Harshvardhan Kapoor
 Hrithik Roshan

I
 Imran Khan
 Irfan Khan

J
 Jackie Shroff
 Jackky Bhagnani
 Jatin Khanna (Rajesh)
 Jacqueline Fernández
K
 Kamal Haasan
 Kapil Sharma
 Karan Singh Grover
 Karan Wahi
 Kartik Aaryan
 Kay Kay Menon
 Kishore Kumar
 Kissu Rahul
 Kumar Gaurav (Manoj Tuli)
 Kunal Kapoor
 Kunal Khemu

M
 Manish Paul
 Manoj Bajpayee (Bajpai)
 Meiyang Chang
 Mithun Chakraborty
 Mohnish Bahl

N
 Nana Patekar
 Naseeruddin Shah
 Navin Nischol
 Nawazuddin Siddiqui
 Neil Nitin Mukesh
 Nitin Patkar

O
 Om Prakash
 Om Puri

P
 Pankaj Tripathi
 Paresh Rawal
 Pran
 Prem Chopra
 Prithviraj Kapoor
 Pulkit Samrat
 Puneet Issar
 Parth Samthaan

R
 R. Madhavan
 Raaj Kumar
Raaj Vishwakarma
 Rahul Roy
 Raj Kapoor
 Rajender Kumar
 Rajendranath Zutshi
 Rajesh Khanna
 Rajinikanth
 Rajkummar Rao
 Rakesh Roshan
 Ranbir Kapoor
 Randeep Hooda
 Randhir Kapoor
 Ranveer Singh
 Ravi Kishan
 Rishi Kapoor
 Riteish Deshmukh
 Ronit Roy
 Rohit Roy
 Rahul kumar
 Rishiraj choure
S
 Shah Rukh Khan
 Salim Khan
 Salman Khan
 Sangram Singh
 Sanjay Dutt
 Sanjay Kapoor
 Sanjay Mishra
 Sanjay Suri
 Sarath (Babu)
 Saif Ali Khan
 Shahid Kapoor
 Shakti Kapoor
 Shammi Kapoor
 Sharman Joshi
 Shashi Kapoor
 Shatrughan Sinha
 Shiney Ahuja
 Shreyas Talpade
 Sidhant Gupta
 Sidharth Malhotra
 Sohail Khan
 Sonu Sood
 Sridevi Kapoor
 Subham ku Naik
 Sunil Shetty
 Sunny Deol
 Suresh Oberoi
 Shahab Khan
 Surojit Das
 Sushant Singh Rajput

T
 Tarun Vaishnav
 Tiger Shroff
 Tinu Anand
 Tusshar Kapoor

U
 Uday Chopra

V
 Varun Dhawan
 Varun Sharma
 Vidyut Jammwal
 Vinod Khanna
 Vivaan Shah
 Vivek Mush(ran)
 Vivek Oberoi

Y
 Yash Srivastava

Indian actors
actors
Landser is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Population

Related pages
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Jhajjar is a city in Jhajjar district in the Indian state of Haryana. It was split off of the Rohtak district on July 15, 1997.

Demographics 

, Jhajjar District had a population of 956,907. Males constitute 54% of the population and females constitute 46%. Jhajjar has an average literacy rate of 80.83%, higher than the national average of 74%. Male literacy is 89.44%, and female literacy is 70.16%.

Transportation 

Jhajjar has its railway station, with code JHJ. The railway station of the city is situated on Gawalison-Dadri Road. The station station supports four trains, including the first CNG train of India and the Jaipur-Chandigarh Intercity train.

Jhajjar City has India's largest bus station situated on Rohtak-Jhajjar Nh-71. This new bus station has an area of 38 acres, including parks for students.
Prominent personalities 
 Ashok Tanwar
 Bajrang Kumar
 Bajrang Punia, wrestler
 Dalbir Singh
 Garib Das
 Geeta Bhukkal
 Naveen Kumar
 Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi
 Ravinder Singh
 Rohit Sharma
 Sumit Nagal
 Deepanshu
 Swami Indravesh
 Swami Omanand Saraswati
 Syed Mohammad Ashraf
 Swami Vishnu Tirtha
 Umrao Singh
 Virender Sehwag
 Vishal Dhankhar

References 

Cities in Haryana
Lapoutroie is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Largitzen is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. The church was built in 1788.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Lautenbach is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department. This in the east of France. It is about 30 km southwest of Colmar.

Villages
 Schweighouse
 Saint-Gangolf

Related pages
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Lautenbachzell is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Rixheim is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Hamhung is a city in North Korea. It is the capital of South Hamgyong Province. It is the second largest city in North Korea and has the population of 768,551 .

References 

Cities in North Korea
Kirstjen Michele Nielsen (born May 14, 1972) is an American government official and national security expert. Nielsen was the 6th United States Secretary of Homeland Security from December 6, 2017 to April 10, 2019. Before, she served as Principal Deputy White House Chief of Staff to President Donald Trump from September 6, 2017 to December 5, 2017. She has informally performed the role of Deputy Chief of Staff since John F. Kelly became White House Chief of Staff on July 31, 2017.

Nielsen is the founder and former President of Sunesis Consulting.

On October 11, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Nielsen to be the new United States Secretary of Homeland Security. On December 5, 2017, the Senate confirmed her nomination, by a 62-37 vote. She resigned on April 7, 2019.
Early life
Nielsen was born on May 14, 1972 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She was raised in Clearwater, Florida. She graduated from the Georgetown School of Foreign Service and earned a J.D. degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1999. Nielsen's mother is an italian descent while her father is a Danish ancestry.

Early career
Nielsen served during the President George W. Bush administration as special assistant to the president and act as the senior director for prevention, preparedness and response at the White House Homeland Security Council. She also ran the Transportation Security Administration's offices of legislative policy and government affairs, a section she started.

White House career
Nielsen previously served as John F. Kelly's Chief of Staff at the Department of Homeland Security. She has informally performed the role of Deputy Chief of Staff since Kelly became White House Chief of Staff on July 31, 2017.
United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2017 – 2019)
On October 11, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Nielsen to be the new United States Secretary of Homeland Security, replacing John F. Kelly. On December 5, 2017, the Senate confirmed her nomination, by a 62-37 vote.

Nielsen created the practice of separating parents and children accused of crossing over the U.S.–Mexico border illegally. Nielsen resigned on April 7, 2019, and Kevin McAleenan, the then U.S. Customs and Border Protection Commissioner, became Acting Secretary.

In a piece summarizing Nielsen's tenure at DHS, Vox's Dara Lind wrote that Nielsen had been "arguably the most aggressive secretary in the department's short history".

References

Other websites

1972 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
Politicians from Colorado
Politicians from Florida
Politicians from Virginia
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
Michel Diefenbacher (15 July 1947 – 9 October 2017) was a French politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Lot-et-Garonne department,  and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He was born in Sarrebourg, France.

Diefenbacher died in Paris on 9 October 2017 at the age of 70.

References

1947 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Grand Est
Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
People from Moselle
People from Lot-et-Garonne
Cho Jin-ho (August 2, 1973 – October 10, 2017) was a South Korean football player. He was born in Daegu, South Korea. He played as a midfielder or striker for the South Korea national team. Cho also played for Pohang Steelers and Seongnam. He served as manager for Daejeon Citizen, Sangju Sangmu and for Busan IPark.

Cho died of a heart attack on October 10, 2017 in Busan, South Korea at the age of 44.

References

Other websites
 Profile  from FIFA

1973 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
South Korean footballers
South Korean football managers
James Robert Ford (December 1, 1925 – October 11, 2017) was an American educator, politician, businessman and community activist. In 1972, Ford became the first African-American Mayor of Tallahassee, Florida, and the first black mayor of a U.S. state capital city. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He retired as mayor in 1986.

Ford was born in Leon County, Florida. He studied at Florida A&M University. Ford died on October 11, 2017 in Tallahassee, Florida of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 91.

References

1925 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Educators from Florida
American mayors
American activists
Businesspeople from Florida
Politicians from Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
There are 3 arrondissements in the Loire department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The 3 arrondissements of Loire are:

History
Since its creation, the Loire department has had some changes:
 1793 : creation of the Loire department with three districts: Montbrison, Roanne and Saint-Étienne, the capital was Feurs.
 1795 : the capital was moved to Montbrison.
 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Montbrison, Roanne and Saint-Étienne.
 1855 : the capital was moved from Montbrison to Saint-Étienne.
Related pages
 Arrondissement of Montbrison
 Arrondissement of Roanne
 Arrondissement of Saint-Étienne
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Loire
Andrew Preston "Andy" Hopkins Sr. (October 19, 1949 – October 1, 2017) was an all-star American Canadian Football League (CFL) running back. He was born in Crockett, Texas. 

From 1971 through 1973, Hopkins played for the Houston Oilers. From 1973 through 1975, he played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. In 1976, he began playing for the Montreal Alouettes until retiring in 1977.

Hopkins died on October 1, 2017 in Sugar Land, Texas at the age of 67.

References

Other websites

1949 births
2017 deaths
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Montreal Alouettes players
Tennessee Titans players
Sportspeople from Texas
The IDS Center in Minneapolis Minnesota, is the tallest building in Minnesota. The building is  tall.

References

Buildings and structures in Minnesota
Liberland, officially called the Free Republic of Liberland, is a micronation that started on an unclaimed piece of land on the western part of the Danube River between Croatia and Serbia. Liberland was founded on 13 April 2015 by Czech libertarian activist Vít Jedlička.

The official Liberland website says the nation was created on no-man's land (terra nullius) that emerged because Croatia and Serbia have not agreed on common borders for over 25 years. This border dispute includes some areas to the east of the Danube which are claimed by both Serbia and Croatia. Croatia considers some areas on the west side of the river, including Liberland, to be part of Serbia, although Serbia no longer claims that land.
The land has been patrolled by Croatia since the Croatian War of Independence but Croatia has blocked people from coming to Liberland since shortly after its founding, including Croatian citizens and other EU citizens. Before that, just about anyone could visit the area. Licensed hunters, fishermen and employees of Hrvatske šume d.o.o. (Croatian Forests Ltd., a state-owned timber company) make periodic visits. Since August 2023, Liberlanders have been present in the territory, although Croatian border police check passports of everyone entering and leaving. Croatian border police impose Croatian laws against open fires and closed tents. 

No country that is a member of the United Nations has given full diplomatic recognition to Liberland, although Liberland has opened official relations with Somaliland and Haiti as well as other partially recognized and unrecognized states and micronations. In November 2021, El Salvador received a diplomatic delegation from Liberland.
Place 
The border disagreement along the Danube River valley started in 1947 but was left unresolved during the existence of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the country of Yugoslavia broke apart, the disagreement became more prominent. Serbia claims the thalweg of the Danube valley and the center line of the river is the international border between the two countries. The Croatian government disagrees and claims that the international border lies along the old lines of the cadastral municipalities along the river — as the Danube was in the 19th century before meandering and hydraulic engineering works changed its course. As a result, Croatia claims a large part of the area controlled by Serbia, while Serbia does not claim the smaller parts on the other side.

President Jedlička says that the land claimed for Liberland, known as Gornja Siga (meaning upper tufa), remains unclaimed by Croatia or Serbia.
The area is about , and most of it is covered with forests. A journalist from the Czech newspaper Parlamentní listy who visited the area in April 2015 found a house that had been abandoned for about thirty years, according to people living in the vicinity. The access road was reported to be in a bad condition.

The Danube River, an international waterway with free access to the Black Sea for several landlocked nations, runs along the self-proclaimed territory. Liberland visitors and citizens visit the coast by boat from Apatin, Serbia and other ports and docks along the Danube River. Liberland keeps its ships the Bitcoin Freedom and the SS Liberty at the local marina, has bought land and buildings in the Apatin Free Trade Zone and recently opened "Ark EcoVillage" on a piece of land formerly known as Zelena Glava ("Golden Head").

History

Announcement of the new country 

The flag ceremony in Gornja Siga was performed by Vít Jedlička and others on the same day the statehood of Liberland was proclaimed.
The flag is a yellow background (symbolizing libertarianism) with a black horizontal stripe through the centre (symbolizing anarchy or rebellion) and the coat of arms in the centre. Jedlička is a member of the Czech Party of Free Citizens, which bases its values on the classical liberal ideology.

Jedlička stated that neither Serbia, Croatia nor any other nation claims the land (no-man's land or terra nullius). The border, he argued, was defined according to both Croatian and Serbian border claims and did not interfere with any other state's sovereignty. Jedlička said in April 2015 that an official diplomatic note would be sent to both Croatia and Serbia, and later to all other states, with a formal request for international recognition.

On 18 December 2015, President Jedlička presented the first provisional government of Liberland and its Ministers of Finance, Foreign Affairs, Interior and Justice as well as two vice presidents.
Entering Liberland 
Croatian authorities have generally blocked entry to Liberland since early May 2015, with limited exceptions for licensed hunters and fishers. However, beginning in August 2023, Croatian border police have allowed small groups of Liberlanders to cross over into Liberland from Croatia during daylight hours, subject to passport control upon entry and exit.
In May 2015, Vít Jedlička and his translator Sven Sambunjak were shortly detained by Croatian police after making an attempt to cross the border. Jedlička spent one night in jail and then was convicted and ordered to pay a penalty for illegal crossing of the Croatian border but appealed the verdict. He claimed that there were at least three Liberland citizens inside the area, who came from Switzerland.
Later that month, Vít Jedlička was detained again. Initially, reporters were able to enter the area with Jedlička but subsequently they were also denied entry, including journalists from the Serbian public broadcast service Radio Television of Vojvodina, and from the Bosnian newspaper Dnevni Avaz.
In May 2016, several appeals court decisions from Croatia were published. The court upheld the rulings that crossing into Liberland from Croatia is illegal, but found the convictions for entering Liberland from Serbia were not correct. The court said that the lower court committed "a fundamental breach of misdemeanor proceedings" and "essential procedural violations". It further ruled that "the facts were incorrectly and incompletely established [by the prosecutor] which could lead to misapplication of substantive law." A retrial was ordered in 6 of the 7 appeals. The lower court is therefore required to determine the location of the border and the border crossing, but has not done this yet. Since that time, visitors have come the area in boats and conflicts with Croatian police have been avoided.
Since Croatia has joined the Schengen Area on January 1, 2023, there has been some limited short-term visitation in Liberland, as it lies outside the Schengen Zone and therefore outside of the jurisdiction of the Croatian police. However, Croatian patrol boats still discourage visitors coming across the river from the Serbian side. 

Youtube host Niko Omilana visited Liberland successfully in April 2023, releasing a video of his visit in July 2023 that received over 5 million views in four days.

Legality 
Croatia and Serbia dismissed Jedlička's claims as not important, although the two countries reacted in different ways. On 24 April 2015, the Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that while they consider the affair a trivial matter, the "new state" does not infringe upon the Serbian border, which they say is the Danube River. Croatia, which blocks most visitors from accessing Liberland, has stated that after international arbitration, it should be awarded to Croatia or Serbia, not to a third party.
An article in the Chicago Journal of International Law, the law review of the University of Chicago Law School, examined Liberland's claim to statehood in light of the criteria laid out by the Montevideo Convention. According to the author, "Croatia’s insistence that Liberland is part of Serbia could constitute a renunciation of Croatia’s legal rights to Liberland. Conversely, if the territory that Liberland claims as its own is Serbian, the Serbian government’s renunciation of its title to that land could also be a quitclaim that would transform the legal status of the land to terra nullius. In both instances, the territory would belong to the first entity —in this case Liberland— to claim it.”
Reactions 
Legal experts in Serbia and Croatia have asked if, under international law, Jedlička has the right to claim the area, which is currently the subject of a dispute between the two nations but claimed by neither one.  Journalists have been uncertain as to how serious Jedlička is about his claims, with some calling it a publicity stunt.

On 20 May 2015 Petr Mach, the leader of the Party of Free Citizens, expressed support for the creation of a state based on ideas of freedom, adding that the Party of Free Citizens wants the Czech Republic to become a similarly free country.

Goran Vojković, professor of law and columnist from the Croatian news portal Index.hr, described Liberland as a "circus which threatens Croatian territory", and argued that there was a risk that Croatia's claim to control land on the other side of the Danube may be weakened by the attention that the Liberland project has drawn to the border dispute.
In 2016, an article in Stratfor summarized the initiative as follows: "Liberland is a curious case because, in principle, none of the actors that could claim control over it seems interested in doing so. But this will probably remain a curiosity with negligible consequences at the international level. For the rest of the world's disputed territories, violence and diplomacy will remain the main tools to claim ownership.

Citizenship
Citizenship 

According to its web page, Liberland is currently looking for those who have respect for other people and respect the opinions of others, regardless of their race, ethnicity, orientation, or religion, have respect for private ownership which is untouchable, and have not been punished for serious criminal offences. Liberland received 200,000 applications in a week. In the beginning of May 2015, Liberland accepted around thirty citizens. An event was supposed to take place in the claimed territory, but Croatian border police stopped the group from entering it from the Croatian side. As of October 2017, Liberland has awarded citizenship to between 300 and 400 people, to persons who have "helped move the country forward" or earned at least 5000 Merits. On February 16, 2018, former Congressman Ron Paul was presented with a Liberland passport and citizenship certificate by Jedlička and his cabinet.
Liberland also presents an Order of Merit award called the "First Class Order of Merit" to persons who have contributed to the development of Liberland or to the ideas of freedom. Recipients have included publisher Steve Forbes, economist Mark Skousen, a Croatian Member of Parliament, and others.

The Liberland constitution has been drafted and revised several times. The draft consists of four chapters. It includes a Bill of Rights and regulates the public administration, the political institutions, the legislative power, and the judicial power.

Recognition 
There has been no diplomatic recognition of Liberland by any member of the United Nations. However, Liberland has established relations with Somaliland, a self-declared state that proclaimed its independence from Somalia in 1991. Liberland and Somaliland signed a Memorandum of Understanding in September 2017 promising to establish closer relations and cooperate in the areas of technology, energy and banking.
Liberland has also established relations with the region of Savoie (Savoy), an independent and self-governed territory from the 11th century until 1860, when it was annexed to France. Today, Savosian people are a minority in their own territory and their claims are not taken into account by the government of France. Liberland has also begun dialogue with the region of Brittany (Bretagne), among others.

On 5th December 2018, UK Libertarian MEP Bill Etheridge and Paul Brothwood hosted an event for Liberland in the European Parliament to discuss its future.

Liberland also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the government of Haiti on the 5th of March 2020. The agreement was signed by Joseph Jouthe, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Haiti at that time.
In 2021, Liberland sent a delegation to El Salvador during Bitcoin Week and met with several government officials. The Liberland Aid Foundation gave a more than 1 Bitcoin donation (over $60,000 US at the time) to the Hospital de Niños Benjamin Bloom in San Salvador.

In July 2023, Liberland sent a delegation to Zagreb, Croatia and met with current President Zoran Milanović, former President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović and others.

Official statements from other countries
: Liberland has been mentioned by the Croatian Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs but publicly rejected as a joke. On 29 June 2015, the Croatian Ministry of Foreign affairs said that Gornja Siga's status is undetermined, but it is not terra nullius, and after international arbitration, it will be awarded to Croatia or Serbia, not to a third party. However, in a May 2016 letter to Interior Minister Vlaho Orepić, Croatian Minister of Foreign and European Affairs Miro Kovač referred to Liberland as "a provocative idea which has reached serious proportions" and that it "represents a risk to the Republic of Croatia." On 17 January 2017, Liberland was discussed and debated in the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) by Ivan Pernar of the Zivi Zid party.
: The Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has stated that Liberland does not infringe upon the border of Serbia, but the project is seen as a "non-important matter." In the meantime, Liberland has made good relations with local and regional Serbian officials, including the city of Apatin and the government of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
 : The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has warned people of the possibility of scams about Liberland directed at people looking for jobs abroad. "Egyptians should seek information from the Foreign Ministry rather than social media before travelling for work."
: The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs disassociated itself from the activities of Mr. Jedlička, stating it has nothing to do with them. The ministry added that "Mr. Jedlička, as well as other Czech citizens staying in the territory of Croatia or Serbia, is obliged to abide by the local legal code. The Czech Republic considers the activities of Mr. Jedlička inappropriate and potentially harmful." Through the Embassy of the Czech Republic in Zagreb, it warned that the "efforts to create some new 'state' have no basis in international law," and that "in the territory of Croatia, citizens of the Czech Republic as well as other foreigners are obliged to adhere to the Croatian legal code, including the current regime on the Croatian-Serbian border. Crossing the Croatian border (i.e., the external border of the European Union) outside specified border crossings, as it is done by travelers to the so-called Liberland, is in clear violation of the code."
: On 24 July 2016, 7 members of Polish Parliament (Sejm) from Kukiz'15 in cooperation with local Liberland activists asked Minister of Foreign Affairs Witold Waszczykowski when Poland would recognize the Free Republic of Liberland as an independent state., with a follow-up in August. The reply was that Liberland doesn't meet the criteria for statehood.
Support from political parties 
Since 2015, several minor freedom parties expressed support for the creation of Liberland. They are the Capitalist Party in Norway, the Libertarian Party (Spain), The Swiss Independence Party up! (Unabhängigkeitspartei), the Liberal Democratic Party (Turkey) (LDP) the Libertarian Party of Canada, the Libertarian Party (United States) and the UK Libertarian Party.

Statements from other micronation projects 
A few micronations have expressed support for Liberland.
 The Kingdom of North Sudan, which claims the Bir Tawil area on the border between Egypt and Sudan, has recognized Liberland.
 The Kingdom of Enclava, which claims part of the disputed pocket north of Liberland, has recognized Liberland.
 The Principality of Sealand has indicated their support for Liberland.
Statements from organizations 
 On 16 April 2017 Bitnation has announced a partnership with Liberland.
 On 20 April 2017 Liberland applied for admission to the UNPO. The application was officially presented and defended a month later in Brussels, Belgium. In June 2017, a delegation from Liberland was invited to observe the proceedings of the 13th General Assembly during which the President and members of the presidency were elected.
 On 25 April 2018, Liberland signed a bilateral recognition agreement with IIMSAM, an Intergovernmental Observer to the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

Related pages
 Liberalism
 Libertarianism
 Anarcho-capitalism

References

Other websites

 Official website, in English and Czech
 Interview with founder Vít Jedlička 
 InSerbia article 
 Welcome to Liberland, the World’s Newest Country (Maybe) 
 Documentary film about Liberland – "This No Man’s Land Of Mine"
 Sovereign state
Libertarianism
Territorial disputes
2015 establishments in Europe
City-states
Geography of Croatia
Geography of Serbia
Micronations
The Carolinas are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina, considered collectively. They were both part of the original Thirteen Colonies, which gained independence from the British Empire in 1783 (while the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, the fighting ceased in 1781 and the countries of France, the United States and the British Empire signed the Treaty of Paris (1783)). During the colonial period, the southern portion of the Carolinas was primarily a support for the British West Indies; where thousands upon thousands of slaves were brought in to feed the growing trade. The same could not be said about the northern part of the region, which was a sparsely populated area, mostly inhabited by decommissioned servants from the Chesapeake area, many of whom set up small tobacco farms.

Divided regions
Geography of North Carolina
Geography of South Carolina
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman. He served as a general under Louis XIV, and took part in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48). He was present at the siege of Antwerp and Namur. With an army of 6,000 people, he helped George Washington in the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). During the Reign of Terror, he was sentenced, but not executed on the guillotine. He was freed after the fall of Maximilien de Robespierre. Napoleon awarded him a title of the Legion of Honor, in 1803.

French nobility
Operation Nickel Grass was a United States military mission to help Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The Soviet Union helped the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic begin a surprise attack against Israel on October 6, 1973. Between October 14 and November 14 that year, the US flew 22,325 tons of weapons, tanks, and other supplies to Israel in C-141 Starlifter and C-5 Galaxy cargo planes.

References 

Military of the United States
1973
Arab–Israeli conflict
Palazzo Vigo (formerly known as Palazzo Natoli or Palace of the Princes Natoli) is a palace in Torre Archirafi, Italy. Torre Archirafi is a small village  on the island of Sicily. It is part of the Comune of Riposto in the Province of Catania. The palace was built in the 18th century by Giovanni Natoli Ruffo. He was the Prince of Sperlinga. King Charles V of Sicily also made him the Duke of Archirafi in 1741. Giovanni Natoli Ruffo built a small chapel next to the palace in 1743. By 1900, the palace and its lands belonged to the Vigo di Gallodoro family. Today the palace belongs to the Comune of Riposto. It is used for art exhibitions, conferences, and lectures.

References 

Palaces in Italy
Philippe de Nanteuil was a French knight and troubadour. He was a vassal of Thibaut de Champagne, the King of Navarre. and became Thibaut's friend. Philippe de Nanteuil inherited the seigneurie of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin in northern France from his father. His father was also called Philippe de Nanteuil.

Philippe de Nanteuil fought with other French knights in the Crusades. In 1239 he and many other French knights lost a battle against the Ayyubids at Gaza. They were taken prisoner by the Ayyubids and put in a prison in Cairo. Philippe de Nanteuil wrote a famous song while he was in prison. It was called  En chantant veil mon duel faire. The song was about the defeat of the Christian knights. It criticized the leaders of the three main military orders, the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Teutonic Order.

References

Knights
Troubadours
13th-century deaths
Gairaigo (kanji: 外来語, hiragana: がいらいご) are loanwords in the Japanese language from languages other than Old or Middle Chinese. The word itself literally means "loan word". Most gairaigo come from European languages, and especially English since the post-WWII era, though Modern Chinese and Modern Korean are also popular sources for loanwords. Most gairaigo nowadays are written in katakana, with some older ones being written in ateji (kanji used only to show a word's pronunciation and not its meaning) or even in hiragana. For example, while America, or Amerika in Japanese, can be written as 亜米利加 in ateji, it is rare to do so these days, and instead it is almost always written in katakana as アメリカ.

Gairaigo is one of the three main sources of Japanese words, along with kango (kanji: 漢語, hiragana: かんご), or Chinese loanwords, and yamato kotoba (kanji: 大和言葉, hiragana: やまとことば), or native Japanese words.
Japanese has a long history of borrowing words from other languages. Since the Chinese character system gave Japanese a writing system (as Japanese had no known systems of writing beforehand), the Japanese naturally borrowed many Chinese words into their language. However, the Japanese only borrowed words from other Asian languages until the Portuguese and the Dutch came to Japan during the 16th century. Since the Portuguese and the Dutch traded many different goods with the Japanese at this time, the Japanese naturally included many Portuguese and Dutch words into their own language, including karuta (ateji: 加留多 or 歌留多, hiragana: かるた, katakana: カルタ) from the Portuguese carta meaning "letter", tempura (ateji: 天麩羅 or 天婦羅, ateji and hiragana [most common form]: 天ぷら, hiragana: てんぷら, katakana: テンプラ), from the Portuguese tempora meaning "temperance", as Catholics would not eat red meat during Lent, and tabako (kanji: 煙草, hiragana: たばこ, katakana: タバコ) from the Portuguese tabaco meaning "tobacco"
. While these terms used to be written mostly in ateji (and they still can be), they are now mostly written only in hiragana or katakana.
During the Meiji Period, after Matthew Perry forced Japan to open trade with other countries, Japan sent many scholars to Western countries to study different field of knowledge, such as Western medicine in Germany, an art in France. However, since the end of the 19th century, and especially after WWII, most gairaigo came from English. Today, about 90% of all gairaigo come from English.
While many gairaigo came from English, Japanese has also invented many new words based off of English, but wouldn't be understood by native English speakers. These are called wasei eigo, or "Japanese-made English words". Many of them are shortenings of English words such as amefuto (katakana:アメフト) which is a shortening of "American football", pasokon (katakana:パソコン) which is a shortening of "personal computer", konbini (katakana:コンビニ) which is a shortening of "convenience store", and anime (katakana: アニメ) which is a shortening of "animation". While each of these words have a longer gairaigo word that go along with them which would be amerikanfutobōru (katakana:アメリカンフットボール), pāsonarukonpyūtā (katakana:パーソナルコンピューター), konbiniensusutoa (katakana:コンビニエンスストア), and animēshon (katakana:アニメーション) in that order, they would be too long for a Japanese person to say in conversation. Also, some words got a new meaning when they come into Japanese
. For example, "consent", or konsento (katakana:コンセント) in Japanese, means "electrical outlet" rather than its original meaning, and "range", or (katakana:レンジ) in Japanese, means "stove" rather than its original meaning.
Tupper Lake is a town in Franklin County, New York. In 2010, 5,971 people lived in the town.

The settlement began around 1844. The village was settled during the town's lumber production period and grew after it gained railroad service. The early village was composed of two parts, Tupper Lake proper and Faust. The town for a time held the distinction as the top lumber producer in the state.

The great fire of 1899 burned more than 169 structures in the village, two-thirds of them being homes. The modern village grew out of this destruction and added all the amenities of a modern community earlier than many other villages in the state. Tupper had its own department store and synagogue, and its sprawling railway yards, driven by the lumber trade, made it a hub for the surrounding Adirondack communities.

References

Towns in New York (state)
1844 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in New York (state)
Milo de Nanteuil (? – 6 September 1234) was a soldier, crusader, and the Bishop of Beauvais from 1218 to 1234. From 1207 to 1217 he was the priest in charge of the Notre-Dame de Reims Cathedral. He was the fourth son of Gaucher I of the Châtillon family who lived in Nanteuil-la-Fosse.  He took part in the Fifth Crusade and the building of Beauvais Cathedral. He was also the patron of the poet, Jean Renart.

References

1230s deaths
French Roman Catholic bishops
Crusaders
People from Oise
People from Reims
Doreen Mantle (22 June 1926 – August 2023) was a South African-born English actress who was probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in One Foot in the Grave (1990–2000).

Career
Mantle worked mainly on the stage in such productions as My Fair Lady, Keep It in the Family, The Seagull and Hamlet. She also toured Britain in Billy Liar in the role of Florence Boothroyd and performed at the National Theatre in The Voysey Inheritance. In 1979 she was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for her role in Death of a Salesman. She also worked on the radio for BBC Radio 3 and BBC World Service. Mantle also had a role in the BBC Radio 4's comedy series The Attractive Young Rabbi.

In 1983 Mantle played "Mrs Shaemen" in Yentl. In 2011, Mantle appeared in Coronation Street as the mother of Colin Fishwick.
She was in many British television series such as The Duchess of Duke Street, The Wild House, Sam Saturday, Chalk, Casualty, The Bill, Doctors, Holby City and Jonathan Creek. She played lollipop lady Queenie in Jam & Jerusalem (2006–09). She appeared in episode 63 of Father Brown in January 2018.

Death
Mantle died in August 2023 at the age of 97.

Filmography
Black Jack (1979)

References

Other websites

1926 births
2023 deaths
South African actors
English movie actors
English radio actors
English television actors
People from Cape Town
Margaret Barton (born 27 May 1926 in Finsbury Park, London) is a British actress. She is best known for her role in the 1945 David Lean movie Brief Encounter in which she played Beryl Walters, a girl who works in the train station cafe.

Early career
Barton began acting in the theatre at the age of 12. Because she was small for her age, during World War 2 she became known for playing children and young people. At 17 she appeared in Pink String and Sealing Wax at the Duke of York's Theatre and remembered performing while doodlebugs flew overhead. While on the West End stage she was spotted by David Lean and Noël Coward and cast for the part of Beryl in Brief Encounter. Her scenes were shot at Denham Film Studios and for other scenes she was invited by Lean to watch from behind the camera.
Post-war
After the war, Barton continued acting on stage, in movie and for television. She married Raymond James; their son, Michael, died of cancer at the age of 30 and his parents set up the Michael James Music Trust in his memory. Raymond James died in 2016, aged 93. Barton lives in Dorset, where she runs a tea room, and still receives many letters relating to Brief Encounter.

Selected filmography
 Brief Encounter (1945)
 Temptation Harbour (1947)
 Good-Time Girl (1948)
 Landfall (1949)
 The Romantic Age (1949)
 The Happy Family (1952)
 The Gay Dog (1954)

References

Other websites

1926 births
Living people
English movie actors
Actors from London
Sue Wallace is a British character actress.

Wallace studied Drama and English at the University of Birmingham, where she met Victoria Wood, with whom she later would go on to work in acting.

She went on to have a lengthy career on television and the stage since the early 1980s in among others, Juliet Bravo, Bergerac, Making Out, The Bill, Common as Muck, Heartbeat and Doctors.

She appeared in different roles in various television works by Victoria Wood, including Screenplay: Happy Since I Met You in 1981, Victoria Wood as Seen on TV in the mid-1980s, the television film Pat and Margaret in 1994, one episode of Dinnerladies in 1998 and finally in Wood's television historical drama film Housewife, 49 in 2006.

Film roles include Is There Anybody There?  and as Janet in I Give It a Year.

References

Other websites 

English television actors
Living people
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Gerard Monaco is a British actor, born Daniel Gerard Monaco, in London, England in 1975, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Monaco’s first film was Mike Leigh’s Vera Drake. He has since had roles in movies including Starter for Ten, Jane Campion’s Bright Star and Jerry Bruckheimer’s Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, directed by Rob Marshall.
Monaco's theatre career includes Lindsay Posner’s 2009 revival of Arthur Miller’s A View From the Bridge, in which Monaco made his West End debut playing Marco, opposite Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Ken Stott and Hayley Atwell.
He has also appeared in a number of plays at London's National Theatre, including Steven Pimlott’s final production, Tennessee Williams's The Rose Tattoo starring Zoë Wanamaker (Pimlott died in the second week of rehearsals and artistic director Nicholas Hytner took over as director). He has also played opposite Lesley Manville in the premier of Rebecca Lenkiewicz’s play, Her Naked Skin (directed by Howard Davis) and Fiona Shaw in Deborah Warner’s production of Mother Courage and Her Children.
Monaco has also performed at various other theatres around the country, notable at the Finborough Theatre where he played opposite Victor Spinetti in a two-hander production of Albert’s Boy by James Graham.
Monaco television work includes roles in As If, Eastenders, The Bill, Holby City, Rome, The Passion, Ashes to Ashes, Any Human Heart and Episodes.

In 2007, Monaco was nominated for the BBC New Talent New Filmmaker Award for his short film The Crusader, which he wrote and directed.

References 

 http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1456647/bio?ref_=nm_ql_1

Living people
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
British movie actors
British stage actors
British television actors
1979 births
British movie producers
Harold Goodwin (22 October 1917 – 3 June 2004) was an English actor. He was born in Wombwell, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Goodwin trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He was a stage actor at Liverpool repertory theatre for 3 years. He appeared in many British movies of the 1950s and 1960s. He usually played 'flat cap' wearing working class characters from Northern England or low ranks in the military.

Goodwin had significant parts in the war movies The Dam Busters (playing Guy Gibson's batman, 'Crosby'), Bridge on the River Kwai and The Longest Day. He was also in The Ladykillers, Sea of Sand, Angels One Five and The Cruel Sea (in which he was the ASDIC operator). 
He also made hundreds of British TV appearances. He was in Minder (as "Dunning", episode "Get Daley!", 1984) and a notable role in All Creatures Great and Small. Goodwin was also in the popular 1980s sitcom That's My Boy.
Goodwin's last major television appearance was in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street in the early 1990s. He played Joss Shackleton, father to Vera Duckworth, His last television role was in an episode of One Foot in the Grave in the 1990s, playing a window cleaner.

Filmography
Young and Innocent  (1937) - Driver of the pig-cart (uncredited)
 The Happiest Days of Your Life (1950) - Edwin
 Dance Hall (1950) - Jack
 The Magnet (1950) - Pin-Table Attendant
 The Man in the White Suit (1951) - Wilkins
 Appointment with Venus (1951) - 2nd Naval Rating
 Green Grow the Rushes (1951) - Gosling
 The Last Page (1952) - Frank the Waiter (uncredited)
 Judgment Deferred (1952)
 The Card (1952) - John (uncredited)
 Angels One Five (1952) - A.C. 2 Wailes
 The Cruel Sea (1953) - ASDIC Operator
 Grand National Night (1953)
 The Million Pound Note (1954) - Horace (uncredited)
 The Gay Dog (1954) - Bert Gay
 The Harassed Hero (1954) - Twigg
 The Ship That Died of Shame (1955) - Second Customs Officer
 A Kid for Two Farthings (1955) - Chick Man (uncredited)
 The Dam Busters (1955) - Wing Comdr. Gibson's Batman
 The Ladykillers (1955) - Parcels Clerk (uncredited)
 You Lucky People (1955) - Pvt. Rossiter
 Now and Forever (1956) - Lorry driver
 Who Done It? (1956) - Pringle (uncredited)