Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Decline as a kingdom 

The ninth century saw the decline of Mercia as a kingdom. In 873-74 Mercia was conquered by the heathen army. In the 880s Wessex formed a marriage alliance with Mercia. Alfred's daughter, Aethelflaed , married Aethelred (II), of Mercia. When Aethelred died, in 912, Edward the Elder appointed Aethelflaed (his sister) 'Lady of the Mercians.' When Aethelflaed died in 918, the Mercian nobles now thought themselves free of Wessex rule. Edward stepped in and appointed Aethelflaed's daughter, Aelfwynn, to rule Mercia as his representative. But in 919 Edward brought her back to Wessex. After that Mercia was considered just another shire under his rule. A series of ealdormen (similar to a count in Europe) followed. Under Canute in 1017, Mercia became one of the four divisions of England.

Notes

References 

Anglo-Saxons
East Midlands

West Midlands (region)
Petty kingdoms of England
Stormtroopers are highly trained human soldiers In the Star Wars universe. They are the main military forces for the Galactic Empire. During the original Star Wars movie series (Star Wars: A New Hope, The Empire Strikes Back and Rerturn of the Jedi)  they worked for Darth Sidious and Darth Vader.
Stormtroopers wear white armor and helmets. They are armed with blaster guns. Stormtroopers replaced the clone troopers which were first seen in Attack of the Clones. Clone troopers where clones of the bounty hunter, Jango Fett. These clones were used in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith as well as the animated movie and television series The Clone Wars.  By the time of the original series, the clone had been replaced by normal humans.  After the deaths of Sidious and Vader in Return of the Jedi, stormtroopers continued to serve the remaining leaders of the Galactic Empire. They can be seen in the third Star Wars trilogy, The Skywalker Saga (The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi and The Rise of Skywalker). In these movies, the stormtroopers are seen working for the First Order. This group is the main remaining part of the Empire.
In addition to the basic stormtrooper, there are many different types of stormtroop. Each type is either trained for a specific job or the are equipt to work in different environments. The snowtroopers seen on the snow covered planet Hoth at the start of Empire Stikes Back  are an example of specialized troopers. They wear special armor that is made to help protect them from the cold. Other examples of specialized troopers include the TIE pilots from A New Hope and the scout troopers seen on Endor in Return of the Jedi. There are many other types of troopers in the Star Wars books, comics and video games.

Other websites 
  on Wookieepedia .

Fictional characters introduced in 1977
Star Wars characters
Calvin Coolidge "Cal" Worthington (November 27, 1920 – September 8, 2013) was an American car dealer. He was best known for his radio and television advertisements for the Worthington Dealership Group. He appeared with either a tiger, a seal, an elephant, a chimpanzee, a hippopotamus, or a bear.

Worthington was born on November 27, 1920 in Shidler, Oklahoma. He was named after then-Vice President of the United States Calvin Coolidge. Worthington died on September 8, 2013 in Orland, California from natural causes, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 Official site
 The "My Dog Spot" ads made available online

1920 births
2013 deaths
American radio personalities
American television personalities
Businesspeople from Oklahoma
Concord is a town in east-central Massachusetts, not that far away from Boston. The population for Concord in the 2010 Census was nearly 17,700. The town is extremely notable for playing significant roles in the history of America. The town was the primary battle scene during the American Revolutionary War. Concord was established around 1635.

Towns in Massachusetts
1635 establishments
1630s establishments in Massachusetts
A value judgement (or value judgment) is an opinion of the rightness or wrongness or usefulness of something.

It is based on what a person thinks or prefers. Value judgments are not true or false. This is because they are not objective. They are decisions about how a person thinks or feels, or about what action a person thinks should be taken. They are opinions.

A typical dictionary definition runs:
"A perspective towards a person, object, principle etc. based on how one values [its] properties or characteristics".

References 

Ethics
Psychology
Ski poles are carried by skiers to help them not falling over. They are called "ski sticks" in the United Kingdom. In France, they are called "batons".

Description 
Ski poles in alpine skiing are shorter than ski poles in Nordic skiing.  Longer ski poles are used in cross country and free style skiing.

They are made from metal or composite material.

History 
Ski poles have been used for a long time.  People first used one ski pole when skiing.  The first ski poles could also be used as a weapon.  A flat circle was put near the bottom of the ski pole in the 17th century.  This made it so the ski pole would not go all the way down to the ground. People started to use two ski poles by the start of World War I.

A steel ski pole was first made in 1937.  It was invented by Otto Lang.  Before this, some people used bamboo for ski poles.  More and more people started using metal ski poles after World War II.

Lots of changes were made to ski poles from 1950 to 1975.

References 

Skiing equipment
The Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis) is a species of Requiem shark, in the order of Carcharhiniformes. The Galapagos shark is a large species, reaching a maximum length of up to 12.1 feet (3.8 metres), and weighing up to 86 kg. This species is found in tropical waters surrounding oceanic islands, and is found in the Pacific, Atlantic, and western Indian Ocean.

Taxonomy
The Galapagos shark was originally described as Carcharias galapagensis by Robert Evans Snodgrass and Edmund Heller in 1905, and was later moved to the genus Carcharhinus. The holotype was a 64 cm (2.13 feet) long fetus from the Galapagos Islands, giving it the specific name galapagensis.
Garrick (1982) placed the Galapagos shark and the Dusky shark at the center of the "obscurus group", one of two major groupings within Carcharhinus. The group consisted of the Bignose shark, the Caribbean reef shark, the Sandbar shark, the Dusky shark, and the Oceanic whitetip shark; all large, triangular-toothed sharks. Based on allozyme data, Naylor (1992) changed this group, with the additions of the Silky shark, and the Blue shark. The closest relatives of the Galapagos shark were found to be the Dusky shark, the Oceanic whitetip shark, and the Blue shark.

Description

The Galapagos shark reaches a maximum length of 12.1 feet (3.8 metres). Male individuals mature at lengths of 6.9-7.5 feet (2.1-2.3 metres), while females mature at 7.2-8.2 feet (2.2-2.5 metres) in length.  The maximum weight for this species is 86 kg.
The Galapagos shark is a large shark with a slim, fusiform body, and a low inter-dorsal ridge between the first and second dorsal fin. The first dorsal fin is tall and nearly straight. The long pelvic fins are straight, each with a pointed tip. The snout of the Galapagos shark is widely rounded.
The Galapagos shark resembles the Grey reef shark, but can be distinguished by its more slender body, and by the slightly rounded tip on the first dorsal fin. The Galapagos shark also strongly resembles the Dusky shark, but has a much more straighter first dorsal fin, and it has larger teeth than the Dusky shark. However, this can be difficult to distinguish without direct comparison of the two species. The Galapagos shark has a brownish-grey upper body, and a white belly. A white stripe can sometimes be seen on the sides of the shark.  Their pectoral fins are solid grey with slightly dusky tips.

Habitat
Habitat

The Galapagos shark is circumtropical in distribution with a preference for waters surrounding oceanic islands. In the Atlantic Ocean, this shark is found at St. Paul's Rocks, Ascension Island, Cape Verde, Saint Helena, São Tomé, Bermuda, and the Virgin Islands. In the western Indian Ocean it is found off Walter's Shoal, south of Madagascar. In the Pacific Ocean, the Galapagos shark is found off Lord Howe Island, Tuamoto Archipelago, Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs, Hawaii, Revillagigedo Islands, Clipperton Island, Cocos Island, and Galápagos Islands. Distribution limits are not well defined due to confusion with similar species of sharks.
The Galapagos shark is a common, but habitat-limited, tropical shark found inshore as well as offshore, near insular and continental shelves, between 39°N-33°S, at depths up to 180 metres. This species prefers clear water with coral and rocky bottoms. Although it is a coastal-pelagic species, it is capable of crossing considerable distances of open ocean between islands, and has been reported at least 50 km from land. Young Galapagos sharks are found in shallow waters of 25 metres or less.

Behaviour
The Galapagos shark is known to be a solitary species, but it is sometimes found in loose groups. It is a curious species, and is known to approach swimmers and investigate other disturbances in the water, such as boats and divers. The Galapagos shark can be an aggressive animal, and, like other species of sharks, it performs a display in order to attack its target. This display involves arching its back, raising its head, and lowering its pectoral fins as it swims with a noticeable twisting motion.

Feeding
Feeding

The Galapagos shark usually hunts near the bottom, feeding on bottom-dwelling fish, but it is also been known to feed on prey from the surface.  The fish it preys on include eels, flatheads, groupers, flatfish, and triggerfish. It also feeds on squid and octopuses. In the Galápagos Islands, off the coast of Ecuador, the Galapagos shark has been observed to feed on sea lions and marine iguanas.  Occasionally, a large Galapagos shark may feed on other sharks.
Reproduction
Galapagos sharks are viviparous, or livebearing, with embryos nourished by a yolksac-placenta during gestation. Mating and birth occurs early in the year within Hawaiian waters. Female individuals often have mating scars from males biting the gills, fins, and body.  Each litter contains 6 to 16 pups,  each being 60-80 cm long.  The pups stay in shallow waters to avoid predation and cannibalism from members of their own species, eventually moving out to deeper waters as they mature. Galapagos sharks do not reproduce until the age of 10 years, with the maximum known lifespan for a Galapagos shark being approximately 24 years.
Human interaction
According to the International Shark Attack File, the Galapagos shark has been responsible for one fatal attack on a swimmer in the Virgin Islands. In locations where this shark is common, they often are attracted to divers, sometimes even becoming an obstacle. When divers take aggressive actions, these sharks are not discouraged, but instead become more excited. The Galapagos shark has been reported to display threat behaviors including arching of the back, raising the head, and lowering the caudal and pectoral fins while swimming in a twisted, rolling motion.

This species is considered potentially dangerous and may attack if a food source is present, such as during spearfishing activities. If there are large numbers of Galapagos sharks present, it would be wise to limit one's activities in the water.
Conservation
The Galapagos shark is currently listed as Near Threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, the Galapagos shark might be listed as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered in the near future. In Australia and the western Pacific Ocean, the Galapagos shark is considered "Data Deficient" due to a lack of information on populations in this region. However, there is a marine reserve that surrounds this species' range off Lord Howe Island and the Kermadec Islands (New Zealand), where it is not considered to be under threat.

References

Sharks
Abell 2029 or A2029 is a large cluster of galaxies 1 billion light years away in the constellation Virgo. 

Its central galaxy, IC 1101, is the largest galaxy known. Estimates ranging from 5.6 to over 6 million light years across. Contrast this with the Milky Way, which is 200,000 light years across. 

A2029 is also about 81 times bigger than the Milky Way, with a luminosity of 2 L☉. This type of galaxy may have grown to its large size by accreting nearby galaxies.

References

Other websites

The Scale of the Universe (Astronomy Picture of the Day 2012 March 12)
 Curious About Astronomy?, "What is the largest galaxy?", Cornell University

Galaxy clusters
Ski bindings keep ski boots connected to skis.   The first ski bindings were ropes connect to the ski.  People put their boot under the rope.

There are different ski bindings for alpine skiing and Nordic skiing.  Alpine ski bindings connect the bottom of the ski boot to the ski.  Nordic ski bindings connect the toe of the ski boot to the ski.

References 

Skiing equipment
Ski boots are boots people wear when skiing. They cover the ankle and are rigid.  Ski boots are connected to skis by ski bindings. They are made from synthetic materials.  Ski boots keep the feet of skiers warm.  

Before the 1900s, people used normal boots for skiing.  The first boots for skiing were made by military people fighting in the Russo-Finnish War. 

The front of Nordic ski boots connect to the ski at the toes.

References 

Skiing equipment
Boots
Walking on Locusts is the twelfth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in September 1996. It was the first of Cale's full-length albums to be produced by Hannibal Records label. It was his only studio album in the 1990s.

Track listing 
"Dancing Undercover" − 4:25 	
"Set Me Free" − 4:11 	
"So What" − 4:11 	
"Crazy Egypt" − 3:28 	
"So Much for Love" − 5:01 	
"Tell Me Why" − 5:25 	
"Indistinct Notion of Cool" − 2:44 	
"Secret Corrida" − 6:02 	
"Circus" − 4:03 	
"Gatorville & Points East" − 3:00 	
"Some Friends" − 4:06 	
"Entre Nous" − 3:42
Personnel 
 John Cale − guitar, keyboards, vocals
 Erik Sanko − bass guitar
 Ibrahim Hakhmoun − percussions
 Dawn Buckholz − cello
 David Byrne − guitar
 Mark Deffenbaugh − guitar, harmonica
 E.J. Rodriguez − congos, percussions
 Maureen Tucker − drums
 Ben Perowsky − drums
 Hassan Hakhmoun − percussions
 David Tronzo − guitar
 B.J. Cole − pedal steel guitar
 Ben Neill − trumpet
 Martha Mooke − viola
 David Soldier − violin
 Todd Reynolds − violin
 Soldier String Quartet − strings
 Lafayette Inspirational Ensemble − background vocals
 Daisy Lignelli − background vocals
 Eden Cale − background vocals
 Joanne O'Brien − background vocals
 Napua Davoy − background vocals
 Susan Didericksen − background vocals
 Tiyé Giraud − background vocals

John Cale albums
1996 albums
Paris 1919 is the third studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in March 1973. It was the second and last of Cale's full-length albums to be released by Reprise Records. It was produced by Chris Thomas.

Track listing 
All tracks written by John Cale.
 "Child's Christmas in Wales"
 "Hanky Panky Nohow"
 "The Endless Plain of Fortune"
 "Andalucía"
 "Macbeth"
 "Paris 1919"
 "Graham Greene"
 "Half Past France"
 "Antarctica Starts Here"

Personnel 
 John Cale – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, viola
 Lowell George – guitar
 Wilton Felder – bass guitar
 Richie Hayward – drums
 Bill Payne – keyboards
 Chris Thomas – tambourine
 The UCLA Symphony Orchestra – strings

John Cale albums
1973 albums
Vintage Violence is the first studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in March 1970 on Columbia Records label. Cale is also the producer of this album.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the Vintage Violence liner notes.
John Cale –  vocals; bass guitar; guitar; keyboards
Penguin
Garland Jeffreys –  guitar; backing vocals
Ernie Coralla –  guitar
Sanford Konikoff –  drums
Harvey Brooks – bass guitar
Stan Szelest –  piano

Production
John Cale – producer
Lewis Merenstein – producer 
John McClure –  executive production
Don Meehan – engineer
Jim Reeves – engineer
Isi Valeris –  photography

References

Other websites

John Cale albums
1970 albums
Black Panties is the twelfth solo studio album by R&B singer R. Kelly. It was going to be released on 11 November 2013, by RCA Music Group. But some changes were made to the album. It was released on December 6 2013.

Kelly said that this album is different from his previous albums Love Letter and Write Me Back.

The first single "My Story" was released on 28 July 2013. Genius got released a month later on Itunes and R. Kelly's Vevo page.

On December 10, 2013, the music video was released for "Cookie".

The album featured guest appearances by 2 Chainz, Future, Young Jeezy, Twista, Kelly Rowland, Alicia Keys and Ludacris. But only Ludacris, Kelly Rowland and Young Jeezy made the final cut of the album.

Music critics gave Black Panties good reviews.

Kelly said that he made 362 songs for Black Panties.

Black Panties entered the Billboard 200 at number four.

Track listing

References

2013 albums
R&B albums
Vladimír Guma Kulhánek (born 4 September 1944 in Prague) is a Czech rock bass guitarist. He studied at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague. He was member of Flamengo, Etc..., Stromboli, Bohemia and many other bands. He was also a sought-after session musician who has played with Dežo Ursiny, Eva Pilarová, Jana Kratochvílová, Anna K and many others. Now, he is member of T4, November 2nd, Energit and the supergroup called Kulhánek/Holeček/Razím/Kowacz.

References

1944 births
Living people
Czech musicians
Bass guitarists
Roman Dragoun (born 8 April 1956) is a Czech singer, songwriter and keyboardist. He is a member of the band Progres 2. He was a member between 1980 and 1983, and has rejoined the band since 2007. He was also member of Stromboli, T4 and Futurum. He was a session musician for a number of other musicians and he was singer for musical theatre. In 2012, Dragoun was inducted into Beatová síň slávy (the Beat Hall of Fame).

He is the son of painter František Roman Dragoun.

References

Other websites

 Oficial website
 

1956 births
Living people
Czech musicians
Keyboardists
Czech singers
Words for the Dying is the eleventh studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in September 1989. It was produced by Brian Eno.

Track listing 
 "Introduction"
 "There Was a Saviour"
 "Interlude I"
 "On A Wedding Anniversary"
 "Interlude II"
 "Lie Still, Sleep Becalmed"
 "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night"
 "Songs Without Words I"
 "Songs Without Words II"
 "The Soul Of Carmen Miranda"

Personnel 
 John Cale − vocals, guitar, bass guitar, organ, viola
 Nell Catchpole − violin
 Brian Eno − keyboards
 The Orchestra of Symphonic & Popular Music of Gostelradio
 The Choir of Llandaff Cathedral Choir School

John Cale albums
1989 albums
Honi Soit is the seventh studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in March 1981. It is his only full-length album on the A&M Records label. It was produced by Mike Thorne. The album's cover art is by Andy Warhol.

Track listing 
 "Dead or Alive"
 "Strange Times in Casablanca"
 "Fighter Pilot"
 "Wilson Joliet"
 "Streets of Laredo"
 "Honi Soit (La Première Leçon de Français)"
 "Riverbank"
 "Russian Roulette"
 "Magic & Lies"

Personnel 
 John Cale − vocals, guitar, keyboards, viola
 Sturgis Nikides − guitar, background vocals
 Jim Goodwin − synthesizer, keyboards, background vocals
 Peter Muny − bass guitar, background vocals
 Robert Medici − drums, background vocals
 John Gatchell − trumpet
 Bomberettes − background vocals

John Cale albums
1981 albums
Slow Dazzle is the fifth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in March 1975. It was his second full-length album on Island Records label.

Track listing 
"Mr. Wilson"  (3:17)
"Taking It All Away"  (2:59)
"Dirty-Ass Rock 'N' Roll"  (4:44)
"Darling I Need You"  (3:38)
"Rollaroll"  (3:59)
"Heartbreak Hotel"  (3:14)
"Ski Patrol"  (2:12)
"I'm Not The Loving Kind"  (3:12)
"Guts"  (3:27)
"The Jeweller"  (5:07)

Personnel 
 John Cale – vocals, piano, organ, clavinet
 Gerry Conway – drums
 Pat Donaldson – bass guitar
 Timi Donald – drums
 Brian Eno – synthesizer
 Phil Manzanera – guitar
 Geoff Muldaur – background vocals on "Guts" and "Darling I Need You"
 Andy Mackay − saxophone on "Darling I Need You"
 Chris Spedding – guitar
 Chris Thomas – violin, electric piano
 John Wood − synthesizer

John Cale albums
1975 albums
Helen of Troy is the sixth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in November 1975. It was his third and last full-length album on Island Records label.

Track listing 
All songs composed by John Cale, except where noted.
"My Maria"
"Helen of Troy"
"China Sea"
"Engine"
"Save Us"
"Cable Hogue"
"I Keep A Close Watch"
"Pablo Picasso" (Jonathan Richman)
"Leaving It Up to You"
"Baby What You Want Me to Do?" (Jimmy Reed)
"Sudden Death"

Personnel 
Adapted from the Helen of Troy liner notes.
John Cale – vocals; keyboards; guitar
Chris Spedding – guitar
Pat Donaldson – bass guitar
Timi Donald – drums

Additional personnel
Phil Collins – drums
Brian Eno – synthesizer
Alan Courtney – spoken word on "Helen of Troy"
Robert Kirby – string and choir arrangement
Liza Strike – backing vocals (uncredited)

Production
John Cale – producer
John Wood – executive producer
Vic Gamm – mixing
George Peckham – mastering
Edward Barker – design
Keith Morris – photography

References
References

John Cale albums
1975 albums
blackAcetate is the fourteenth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in October 2005. It was his second and last full-length album on EMI Records label.

Track listing 
All songs composed by John Cale.
"Outta the Bag" − 3:54
"For a Ride" − 3:55
"Brotherman" − 3:32
"Satisfied" − 3:54
"In a Flood" − 4:53
"Hush" − 3:26
"Gravel Drive" − 4:23
"Perfect" − 3:21
"Sold-Motel" − 4:53
"Woman" − 5:07
"Wasteland" − 4:11
"Turn the Lights On" − 3:46
"Mailman (The Lying Song)" − 4:04

Personnel 
 John Cale − vocals, keyboards, piano, guitar, viola
 Herb Graham Jr. − drums, persuasions, programming
 Dave Levitta − guitar
 Natalie Porter − background vocals
 Musiic Galloway − background vocals
 Jaspr Baj − background vocals
 Mark Deffenbaugh − guitar, banjo
 John Crozova − cello
 Dustin Boyer − guitar, background vocals
 Joe Karnes − bass guitar
 Michael Jerome − drums, background vocals

John Cale albums
2005 albums
The BCS National Championship is a game of American football, played each year by the best two college football teams in the United States. It is the final game of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS). The game happens in the beginning of January each year and the stadium changes each time. The winning team receives a trophy that looks like a glass football.

College football
Matt Harvey (born March 27, 1989) is an American professional baseball player. He is a pitcher for the New York Mets. He joined the Mets in 2010 after he finished school. 

Harvey spent two years pitching in the minor leagues before going to the Mets in July 2012. In his first year, he had 3 wins and 5 losses with a 2.75 ERA. In the 2013 season, his pitching improved. He was the starting pitcher in the all star game at Citi Field, his home stadium. 

In August of 2013, Harvey's arm was injured. The injury caused him to miss all of 2014. He returned to play in 2015. Due to a planned surgery he will not play the 2017 season.

References

1989 births
Living people
New York Mets players
Padmé Amidala is a fictional character in the fictional Star Wars universe. She is the secret wife of Anakin Skywalker and the mother of Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa. She is played by actress Natalie Portman in the prequel trilogy.

History 
In The Phantom Menace, Padmé is the fourteen-year-old queen of the planet Naboo. In the movie, Amidala gets captured by the evil Trade Federation, meets the young slave boy Anakin Skywalker, and takes her captured planet back from the Trade Federation.

In Attack of the Clones, Padmé is not the queen anymore; she is now an adult, and a Senator. She and Anakin Skywalker fall in love though she said it would make them live a lie. Even though Anakin is a Jedi, and Jedi aren't supposed to get married, Padmé and Anakin got married anyway.
Revenge of the Sith is the last movie Padmé is in. She is going to have a baby, and her husband Anakin dreams that Padmé will die when she has the baby. Palpatine, a man that Anakin trusts, tells Anakin that he can save Padmé with the evil Dark Side of the Force. So Anakin goes to the Dark Side but little does he know that the power to save people from death was achieved by a jedi not a sith. He goes to a lava planet called Mustafar, and his master Obi-Wan Kenobi, along with Padmé, follow him there. Anakin, who has turned to the Dark Side, thinks that Padmé had got Obi-Wan to come with her (she had not). Anakin chokes Padmé using the Force and she blacks out and crumples to the floor.

Padmé is taken a little later to a hospital, where she gives birth to twins. Soon afterwards,  because Anakin broke her heart which no none except her and Obi-Wan Kenobi knew, finally telling Obi-Wan with her last breath that she knows there's still good in Anakin, she dies.
Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Star Wars characters
Chicharrón is a type of fried pork rind. also known as chicharon. It is also made from chicken, mutton, or beef. It is a main ingredient in making pupusas.

It is usually fried in lard.  

Meat dishes
American food
Costa Rica
Cuban culture
Dominican Republic
Filipino culture
Guam
Guatemala
Honduran culture
Mexican food
New Mexico
Nicaraguan food
Panamanian culture
Portuguese food
Spanish food
South American foods
Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Jr. (September 8, 1922 – February 12, 2019) was an American political activist and founder of the LaRouche movement. He wrote on economic, scientific, and political topics, as well as on history, philosophy, and psychoanalysis. He ran for President of the United States seven times under the Democratic Party ticket.

LaRouche was born on September 8, 1922 in Rochester, New Hampshire. He studied at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts.

LaRouche was married to Janice Neuberger 1954 until they divorced in 1963. Then he married Helga Zepp in 1977. He had one son, Daniel with Neuberger. LaRouche died at his home in Leesburg, Virginia on February 12, 2019 at the age of 96.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Riggs, Carol (1996). Lyndon LaRouche: A Study in Political Extremism. George Mason University.
Roberts, Paul (1995). An American Fuhrer: Lyndon Larouche and the Politics of Paranoia. St. Martin's Press. \
Rowell, Andrew (1996). Green Backlash: Global Subversion of the Environment Movement. Routledge. 
Schiller Institute. "Meet Lyndon LaRouche", Retrieved February 10, 2011.
The Nizkor Project. "Partners in Bigotry: The LaRouche Cult and the Nation of Islam" , Retrieved February 10, 2011.

1922 births
2019 deaths
1976 United States presidential candidates
1980 United States presidential candidates
1984 United States presidential candidates
1988 United States presidential candidates
1996 United States presidential candidates
2004 United States presidential candidates
American political activists
American political writers
American economists
Scientists from New Hampshire
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Writers from New Hampshire
Politicians from New Hampshire
Brooklyn College is a liberal arts college in Brooklyn, New York. It is part of the City University of New York's university system. It has around 16,822 students. It was built in 1930.

The college is known for its beautiful campus. It is often called "the poor man's Harvard" because of the low cost of going to the college and the high quality of its education.

References

Other websites

Brooklyn College webite

Colleges and universities in New York City
1930 establishments in the United States
Brooklyn
1930s establishments in New York (state)
Macduff is a character in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare. He is the Thane of Fife. He plays an important part in the story. He suspects Macbeth of having killed Duncan, the King of Scotland. Macduff eventually kills Macbeth in the final act. He is both the antagonist and the hero of the story.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
A river system is sometimes called a drainage system. It is the whole natural water system in a drainage basin.

Water in a drainage basin usually ends up in the sea, but there are places where the water just evaporates, or flows into an inland lake. Lake Chad, for example, is an example of an endorheic lake, which has no outlet to the sea.

Rivers are an important feature of most landscapes, acting as the principal mechanism for the transport of weathered debris away from upland areas and carrying it to lakes and seas, where much of the classic sediment is deposited. River systems can also be deposition, accumulating sediment within channels and on floodplains. 

Water flow in rivers and streams is normally confined to channels, which are depressions or scours in the land surface that contain the flow. The floodplain is the land that is covered when the river is in flood. Together the channel and over bank settings comprise the "fluvial environment". 
 

Rivers
The Battle of Buxar  was fought on  23 October 1764 between the forces of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined army of Mughal rulers.

The Mughal forces were drawn from 2 princely states, whose rulers were Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, and the Mughal King Shah Alam II.

The battle fought at Buxar, then within the territory of Bengal, a town on the bank of the Ganges river about 130 km west of Patna, was a decisive victory for the British East India Company.

The combined Mughal forces numbered about 40,000 men,  Monroe's forces numbered about 10,000 men, of whom 7,000 were regular British Army men seconded to the East India Company. Reports of the battle say that lack of co-ordination between the various Mughal forces was the main reason for their defeat.
The Causes for the battle of Buxar was the:
1. Conflict with the company :- Mir Qasim proved himself as a capable ruler .He attempted to improve the finances of his region. He raised his army on modern lines
Result 
The fate of the three defeated Mughal leaders varied. Shah Alam was forced to pay a fine of five million rupees. After negotiation, the Treaty of Allahabad was signed. All his pre-war possessions were returned except for the districts of Karra and Allahabad. He became a pensioner, with a monthly pension of 450,000 rupees. The Company later restored Allahabad to him. The Company got revenue authority (Diwani rights) for almost 100,000 acres of land in the modern states of West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh, as well as in the neighbouring areas of Bengal.In return mughal emperor was given 26 lakh rupees.The Company's main aim was not to rule India, but to increase their revenue resources and expand trade throughout the country.Taxes were collected for them by a Company-appointed deputy-nawab.nawab was to pay an indemnity of rupees 50 lakh
Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula was restored to Oudh, with a subsidiary force and a guarantee of defence.  Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, was ruined by the defeat. He had been the prime mover in the war, but afterwards he was deposed by the Company and rejected by Shuja-ud-Daula.

Consequence 
The arrangements made the British East India Company the virtual ruler of Bengal, since it already possessed decisive military power. All that was left to the Nawab was the control of the judicial administration. But he was later forced to hand this over to the Company in 1793. Thus the company's control was virtually complete.
In spite of all this the East India Company was again on the verge of bankruptcy, which stirred the British to make a fresh effort at reform. On the one hand Warren Hastings was appointed with a mandate for reform; on the other an appeal was made to the British state for a loan. The result was the beginnings of state control of the Company, and Warren Hastings was appointed Governor-General of Bengal from 1772 to 1785.

References 

Mughal Empire
Bihar
Buxar
1764
18th century in India
A suffragette was a woman in the early 20th century who believed they should have the right to vote (suffrage). This movement happened in the United Kingdom and United States. 

For many years women were not allowed to vote, and so they fought for their rights. In their protests, they ended up getting arrested. In 1913 Emily Davison died for the cause. In the UK, women over 30 got the right to vote in 1918. This was lowered to 21 in 1928. Similar struggles went on in all the English-speaking countries.

References

Related pages
 Women's suffrage
 Universal suffrage
 :Category:Suffragettes

First-wave feminism
Democracy movements
Music for a New Society is the eighth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in October 1982. It was his first full-length album on ZE Records label. It was produced by Cale himself.

Track listing 
 "Taking Your Life in Your Hands"
 "Thoughtless Kind"
 "Santies"
 "If You Were Still Around"
 "Close Watch"
 "Mamas Song"
 "Broken Bird"
 "Chinese Envoy"
 "Changes Made"
 "Damn Life"
 "Risé, Sam and Rimsky-Korsakov"
 "In the Library of Force"

Personnel 
 John Cale − vocals, guitar, keyboards
 Allen Lanier − guitar
 David Young − guitar
 Chris Spedding − guitar
 David Lichtenstein − drums
 John Wonderling − autoharp
 Mike McLintock − background vocals
 Robert Elk − bagpipes
 Tom Fitzgibbon − bagpipes
 Risé Cale − vocals on "Risé, Sam and Rimsky-Korsakov"

John Cale albums
1982 albums
Technical writing is communication about technical and occupational fields. The Society for Technical Communication (STC) defines technical writing as any form of communication that is:  
communicating about technical or specialized topics, such as computer applications, medical procedures, or environmental regulations; or
providing instructions about how to do something, regardless of the task's technical nature.

The audience is a vital part of the writing. If, say, writing medical instructions to help patients and care-providers, the writing might be for doctors & nurses; lay people with a good general education; or poorly-educated people. The writing would be quite different in each case. For example:
"Match level of technical discussion and formality to intended purpose and audience. For audience, consider education, professional experience, reading level, and motivations. Use clear and simple diction to make writing accessible to readers for whom English is not their first language".
Technical writing communicates visually as well as verbally. A communication should follow an overall logic. One approach is descriptive, such as "Parts of a car engine". Another is the problem-solver: "How to change tyres". Practical encyclopedias usually inform and have how to do it sections. Medical encyclopedias are a good example. A medical encyclopedia provides information to readers about health questions.

People have always needed how-to guides, which appeared in manuscripts before the arrival of print.

References 

Prose
Communication
This is discography of Welsh musician John Cale. Between 1970 and 2013 he released 19 studio albums, six live albums and three EPs. He is also record producer of many albums by various artists.

Studio albums 
 Vintage Violence (1970)
 Church of Anthrax (1971) with Terry Riley
 The Academy in Peril (1972)
 Paris 1919 (1973)
 Fear (1974)
 Slow Dazzle (1975)
 Helen of Troy (1975)
 Honi Soit (1981)
 Music for a New Society (1982)
 Caribbean Sunset (1984)
 Artificial Intelligence (1985)
 Words for the Dying (1989)
 Songs for Drella (1990) with Lou Reed
 Wrong Way Up (1990) with Brian Eno
 Last Day on Earth (1994) with Bob Neuwirth
 Walking on Locusts (1996)
 HoboSapiens (2003)
 blackAcetate (2005)
 Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood (2012)

Live albums 
 Sabotage/Live (1979)
 John Cale Comes Alive (1984)
 Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1987)
 Fragments of a Rainy Season (1992)
 Circus Live (2007)
 Live at Rockpalast (2010)

EP 
 Animal Justice (1977)
 5 Tracks (2003)
 Extra Playful (2011)
Compilations 
 Guts (1977)
 Seducing Down the Door (1994)
 The Island Years (1996)
 Close Watch: An Introduction to John Cale (1999)
 Gold (2007)
Contributions (various instruments) and production 
 Chelsea Girl (1967) by Nico
 Yo-Yo (1968) by Larry and Tommy
 Two Suns Worth (1968) by Morning Glory
 The Marble Index (1969) by Nico
 The Stooges (1969) by The Stooges
 Great American Eagle Tragedy (1969) by Earth Opera
 Desertshore (1970) by Nico
 Bryter Layter (1970) by Nick Drake
 Glass Harp (1970) by Glass Harp
 Chelsea (1970) by Chelsea
 Smiling Men with Bad Reputationsa (1971) by Mike Heron
 Tax Free (1971) by Tax Free
 Jennifer (1972) by Jennifer Warnes
 Chunky, Novi and Ernie (1973) by Chunky, Novi and Ernie
 The End... (1974) by Nico
 Horses (1975) by Patti Smith
 Another Green World (1975) by Brian Eno
 Is Having a Wonderful Time (1975) by Geoff Muldaur
 The Modern Lovers (1976) by The Modern Lovers
 Dancer with Bruised Knees (1977) by Kate & Anna McGarrigle
 I Need Nothing/Electrocutioner (1977) by Menace
 I Don't Wanna (1977) by Sham 69
 Packet of Three (1977) by Squeeze
 Squeeze (1978) by Squeeze
 Disco Clone (1978) by Cristina
Attitudes/Re-Bop (1978) by Marie et les Garçons
 Music for Films (1978) by Brian Eno
 Julie Covington (1978) by Julie Covington
 Some Things Never Change (1978) by David Kubinec
 Busted Chevrolet (1978) by Harry Toledo & The Rockets
 You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic (1979) by Ian Hunter
 Shift the Blame (1979) by Model Citizens
 You Can Borrow My Car / Runaway Child (1979) by Necessaries
 Shopping for Clothes (1980) by Snatch
 Une nouvelle vie (1980) by Modern Guy
 So Afraid of the Russians/Unknown Soldier (1983) by Made for TV
 Camera Obscura (1985) by Nico
 Popmodel (1986) by Lio
 Try to Be Mensch (1987) by Element of Crime
 Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile (White Out) (1987) by Happy Mondays
 Crawl with Me (1988) by Art Bergmann
 Lullabies for lager louts (1989) by Big Vern
 All Shook Down (1990) by The Replacements
 Heart and Mind (1990) by Sister Double Happiness
 I Spent a Week There the Other Night (1991) by Maureen Tucker
Louise Féron (1991) by Louise Féron
 Sabor Salado (1992) by Los Ronaldos
 Sahara Blue (1992) by Hector Zazou
 Phoenix (1994) by Vince Bell
 The Rapture (1994) by Siouxsie and the Banshees
 Chansons des mers froides (1995) by Hector Zazou
 Nostalgia (1996) by Ivan Kral
 Rooms (1996) by Goya Dress
 In Paradisu (1996) by Les Nouvelles Polyphonies Corses
 The First Second (1996) by Maids of Gravity
 Fantastic Star (1996) by Marc Almond
 Gone Again (1996) by Patti Smith
 Feel Alright (1997) by Garageland
 The Jesus Lizard (1998) by The Jesus Lizard
 I Douar (1998) by Alan Stivell
 Desert Station Frequency (1999) by Ventilator
 Undrentide (2000) by Mediæval Bæbes
 Rings Around the World (2001) by Super Furry Animals
 Hitting the Ground (2002) by Gordon Gano
 Positions (2002) by Trash Palace
 The Boxing Mirror (2006) by Alejandro Escovedo
 Replica Sun Machine (2008) by The Shortwave Set
 Postcards from a Young Man (2010) by Manic Street Preachers
 Painting With (2016) by Animal Collective
A multi-instrumentalist is a musician who plays two or more musical instruments. Many professional musicians aim to become multi-instrumentalists.

In an orchestra, a number of musicians might each play a variety of different instruments during a single performance. Orchestras will also often, but not always, ask for several members of the woodwind section to be multi-instrumentalists. This is sometimes referred to as doubling. Typically, for example, one flute player in the orchestra will switch to playing the piccolo or alto flute when called to by the score. If an orchestra is playing a piece that needs "two flutes and a third flute doubling piccolo", it means that the third flautist also has a piccolo. Sometimes he or she will need to put the flute down and play the piccolo, then perhaps swap round again.
An oboist may sometimes double on the cor anglais, a clarinettist may sometimes double on a bass clarinet, and a bassoonist may double on a contrabassoon.  At other times such instruments may need a separate player.  At the beginning of a musical score there should be a list of instruments that makes it clear how many players are needed.

References
Fear is the fourth studio album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in October 1974. It was his first full-length album on Island Records label.

Track listing 
"Fear is a Man's Best Friend"  (3:53)
"Buffalo Ballet"  (3:29)
"Barracuda"  (3:48)
"Emily"  (4:23)
"Ship of Fools" (4:38)
"Gun"  (8:05)
"The Man Who Couldn't Afford to Orgy"  (4:35)
"You Know More Than I Know"  (3:35)
"Momamma Scuba"  (4:24)

Personnel 
 John Cale − vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, viola
 Phil Manzanera − guitar
 Fred Smith − drums
 Brian Eno − synthesizer
 Archie Leggatt − bass guitar
 Michael Desmarais  − drums
 Richard Thompson − guitar
 Bryn Haworth − guitar
 Brian Turrington − bass guitar
 Irene Chanter − background vocals
 Doreen Chanter − background vocals
 Liza Strike − background vocals
 Judy Nylon − background vocals

John Cale albums
1974 albums
Artificial Intelligence is the tenth studio album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in September 1985. It was his only full-length album on Beggars Banquet Records label. It was produced by Cale himself.

Track listing 
 "Everytime the Dogs Bark" – 4:17
 "Dying on the Vine" – 5:18
 "The Sleeper" – 5:53
 "Vigilante Lover" – 4:27
 "Chinese Takeaway (Hong Kong 1997)" – 3:44
 "Song of the Valley" – 5:06
 "Fadeaway Tomorrow" – 3:25
 "Black Rose" – 4:58
 "Satellite Walk" – 4:58

Personnel 
 John Cale − vocals, keyboards, guitar, bass guitar, viola
 Graham Dowdall − percusions
 Gill O'Donovan − background vocals
 Susie O'List − background vocals
 David Young − guitar
 James Young − keyboards

John Cale albums
1985 albums
The Academy in Peril is the second studio album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in July 1972. It was his first full-length album on Reprise Records label. It was produced by Cale himself. The album's cover art is by Andy Warhol.

Track listing 
All tracks written by John Cale.
 "The Philosopher"
 "Brahms"
 "Legs Larry at Television Centre"
 "The Academy in Peril"
 "Intro / Days of Steam"
 "3 Orchestral Pieces: Faust/The Balance/Captain Morgan's Lament"
 "King Harry"
 "John Milton"

Personnel 
 John Cale − guitar, keyboards, viola, bass guitar
 Adam Miller − vocals
 Del Newman − drums
 Ronnie Wood − slide guitar
 Legs Larry Smith − narration on "Legs Larry at Television Centre"
 Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

John Cale albums
1972 albums
Andy Warhol
Songs for Drella is studio album by American guitarist Lou Reed and Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in April 1990 on Sire Records label.

Track listing 
 "Smalltown" – 2:04
 "Open House" – 4:18
 "Style It Takes" – 2:54 †
 "Work" – 2:38
 "Trouble with Classicists" – 3:42 †
 "Starlight" – 3:28
 "Faces and Names" – 4:12 †
 "Images" – 3:31
 "Slip Away (A Warning)" – 3:05
 "It Wasn't Me" – 3:30
 "I Believe" – 3:18
 "Nobody But You" – 3:46
 "A Dream" – 6:33 †
 "Forever Changed" – 4:52 †
 "Hello It's Me" – 3:13

Personnel 
Lou Reed – vocals (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15), guitar
John Cale – vocals (3, 5, 7, 13, 14), keyboards, viola

John Cale albums
Lou Reed albums
1990 albums
Lou Reed is the first studio album by American guitarist Lou Reed. It was released in April 1972 on RCA Records label. It was produced by Richard Robinson.

Track listing 
 "I Can't Stand It" - 2:37
 "Going Down" - 2:57
 "Walk and Talk It" - 3:40
 "Lisa Says" - 5:34
 "Berlin" - 5:16
 "I Love You" - 2:21
 "Wild Child" - 4:41
 "Love Makes You Feel" - 3:13
 "Ride into the Sun" - 3:16
 "Ocean" - 5:06

Personnel 
 Lou Reed - guitar, keyboards, vocals
 Clem Cattini - percusions
 Helene Francois - background vocals
 Kay Garner - background vocals
 Steve Howe - guitar
 Les Hurdle - bass guitar
 Paul Keogh - guitar
 Brian Odgers - bass guitar
 Caleb Quaye - guitar, piano
 Rick Wakeman - piano, keyboards

Lou Reed albums
1972 albums
RCA Records albums
Transformer is the second studio album by American guitarist Lou Reed. It was released in November 1972 on RCA Records label. It was produced by David Bowie and Mick Ronson.

Track listing 
 "Vicious" – 2:55
 "Andy's Chest" – 3:17
 "Perfect Day" – 3:43
 "Hangin' 'Round" – 3:39
 "Walk on the Wild Side" – 4:12
 "Make Up" – 2:58
 "Satellite of Love" – 3:40
 "Wagon Wheel" – 3:19
 "New York Telephone Conversation" – 1:31
 "I'm So Free" – 3:07
 "Goodnight Ladies" – 4:19

Personnel 
 Lou Reed – guitar, keyboards, vocals
 Herbie Flowers – bass guitar, double bass, tuba
 Mick Ronson – guitar, piano, flute, background vocals
 John Halsey – drums
 Ronnie Ross – baritone saxophone
 David Bowie – background vocals
 The Thunder Thighs – background vocals
 Barry DeSouza – drums
 Ritchie Dharma – drums
 Klaus Voormann – bass guitar

Lou Reed albums
1972 albums
RCA Records albums
Sabotage/Live was recorded live at CBGB's, in New York City on 16 June 1979. It is the first live album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale. released in December 1979 on SPY Records label. Cale is also the producer of this album.

Track listing 
"Mercenaries (Ready for War)"
"Baby You Know"
"Evidence"
"Dr. Mudd"
"Walkin' the Dog"
"Captain Hook"
"Only Time Will Tell"
"Sabotage"
"Chorale"

Personnel 
 John Cale - vocals, guitar, keyboards, bass guitar, viola
 Mark Aaron - guitar
 Joe Bidewell - keyboards, vocals
 Doug Bowne - drums, vocals
 Deerfrance - percusions, vocals
 George Scott - bass guitar, vocals

John Cale albums
1979 albums
The Jardin des Plantes is the main botanical garden in France. It is one of seven departments of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. It is on the left bank of the river Seine and covers 28 hectares (280,000 m²).

There is a school there that trains people to be botanists respecting biodiversity. There is a zoo in the Jardin that was started during the French Revolution from the animals at Versailles. The garden was started in 1626. It was used in 1640 to grow medicinal herbs for the king. Among directors, Comte de Buffon expanded it greatly. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, Chair of Botany, changed its name from Jardin du Roi to Jardin des Plantes during the French Revolution. It helped not to have the name linked to the king.

Gallery

Other websites 

 Official site  

Botanical gardens in Europe
Zoos
Parks in Paris
A class ring is a ring worn by students in the United States and Canada to celebrate their graduation. They are most often given out in high schools, colleges, and universities. The first class rings were made in 1835 at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York.

References

Academia
Traditions
The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) is part of the British Cabinet Office. It supervises the intelligence organisations of the United Kingdom on behalf of the Cabinet. More generally, it gives advice to the Cabinet on security, defence and foreign affairs.

The JIC sets priorities for the intelligence and security agencies: MI6, MI5, GCHQ, and Defence Intelligence.

Structure
The Committee is chaired by a permanent chairman, a member of the senior Civil Service, who is supported by the Intelligence and Security Secretariat and an assessment staff. The assessment staff is made up of experienced senior analysts drawn from across government and the military and conducts all-source analysis on subjects of interest to the committee. JIC papers written by the staff draw input from across the intelligence and security agencies and other related bodies.