Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Russian River is the largest river and watercourse in Sonoma County, California. In addition to flowing through Sonoma, part of the river is also in Mendocino County, California. The mouth of the river is at the Pacific Ocean at Goat Rock Beach.

Rivers of California
Mendocino County, California
Sonoma County, California
Forty-seven is a number. It comes between forty-six and forty-eight, and is an odd number.  It is also the 15th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,  23,  29, 31, 37, 41, and 43.

Integers
Prime numbers
Halimede is a non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman et al. on August 14, 2002.

Halimede follows a very inclined and very eccentric orbit seen on the image in relation to other non-spherical moons of Neptune. 

Halimede is about 62 kilometres in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04) and appears neutral (grey) in the visible light. 
Given the very similar colour of the moon to that of Nereid together with a high probability (41%) of their collision in the lifespan of the Solar system, it has been suggested that the moon could be a piece of Nereid.

Halimede, or Neptune IX, like many of the farther moons of Neptune, is named after one of the Nereids, the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Halimede was known by the designation S/2002 N 1.

Other websites 
Matthew Holman's Neptune's page
David Jewitt's pages
Scott Sheppard's pages

Neptune's moons
The Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak was a tornado outbreak across the eastern United States from August 29 to 31, 2005, spawned mostly by the outer bands of Hurricane Katrina (or the remnants thereof).

One person was killed and numerous communities suffered damage of varying degrees from central Mississippi to Pennsylvania, with Georgia the hardest hit. It was the worst tornado outbreak ever in the month of August in that state.

List of confirmed tornadoes
There were a total of 44 confirmed tornadoes - 18 in Georgia, 11 in Mississippi, 5 each in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 4 in Alabama, and 1 isolated tornado in Florida three days before the main outbreak.

Related pages
 Hurricane Katrina
 Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina

Other websites
 Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Katrina

2005 in Florida
Hurricane Katrina
Tornado outbreaks
Tornadoes in the United States
2005 in weather
2005 in Mississippi
2005 in Alabama
2000s in Georgia (U.S. state)
2000s in Virginia
2005 in Pennsylvania
A square number, sometimes also called a perfect square, is the result of an integer multiplied by itself. 1, 4, 9, 16 and 25 are the first five square numbers.
In a formula, the square of a number n is denoted  (exponentiation), usually pronounced as "n squared".  The name square number comes from the name of the shape; see below.

Square numbers are non-negative. Another way of saying that a (non-negative) number is a square number, is that its square root is again an integer. For example,  = 3, so 9 is a square number.

Examples 
The squares  smaller than 702 are:

02 =0
12 = 1
22 = 4
32 = 9
42 = 16
52 = 25
62 = 36
72 = 49
82 = 64
92 = 81

102 =100
112 = 121
122 = 144
132 = 169
142 = 196
152 = 225
162 = 256
172 = 289
182 = 324
192 = 361

202 = 400
212 = 441
222 = 484
232 = 529
242 = 576
252 = 625
262 = 676
272 = 729
282 = 784
292 = 841

302 = 900
312 = 961
322 = 1024
332 = 1089
342 = 1156
352 = 1225
362 = 1296
372 = 1369
382 = 1444
392 = 1521
402 = 1600 
412 = 1681 
422 = 1764
432 = 1849
442 = 1936
452 = 2025
462 = 2116
472 = 2209
482 = 2304
492 = 2401

 
502 = 2500
512 = 2601 
522 = 2704
532 = 2809
542 = 2916
552 = 3025
562 = 3136
572 = 3249
582 = 3364
592 = 3481

 
602 = 3600
612 = 3721 
622 = 3844
632 = 3969
642 = 4096
652 = 4225
662 = 4356
672 = 4489
682 = 4624
692 = 4761

There are infinitely many square numbers, as there are infinitely many natural numbers.

Properties
The number m is a square number if and only if one can compose a square of m equal (lesser) squares:

A square with side length n has area .

The expression for the nth square number is n2. This is also equal to the sum of the first n odd numbers as can be seen in the above pictures, where a square results from the previous one by adding an odd number of points (shown in magenta).  The formula follows:

So for example, .
So for example, .

A square number can end only with digits 0, 1, 4, 6, 9, or 25 in base 10, as follows:
If the last digit of a number is 0, its square ends in an even number of 0s (so at least 00) and the digits preceding the ending 0s must also form a square.  
If the last digit of a number is 1 or 9, its square ends in 1 and the number formed by its preceding digits must be divisible by four.
If the last digit of a number is 2 or 8, its square ends in 4 and the preceding digit must be even.
If the last digit of a number is 3 or 7, its square ends in 9 and the number formed by its preceding digits must be divisible by four.
If the last digit of a number is 4 or 6, its square ends in 6 and the preceding digit must be odd.
If the last digit of a number is 5, its square ends in 25 and the preceding digits must be 0, 2, 06, or 56.

A square number cannot be a perfect number.

All fourth powers, sixth powers, eighth powers and so on are perfect squares.
Special cases
 If the number is of the form m5 where m represents the preceding digits, its square is n25 where  and represents digits before 25. For example the square of 65 can be calculated by  which makes the square equal to 4225.
 If the number is of the form m0 where m represents the preceding digits, its square is n00 where . For example the square of 70 is 4900.
 If the number has two digits and is of the form 5m where m represents the units digit, its square is AABB where  and . Example: To calculate the square of 57, 25 + 7 = 32 and 72 = 49, which means 572 = 3249.

Odd and even square numbers

Squares of even numbers are even (and in fact divisible by 4), since .

Squares of odd numbers are odd, since .

It follows that square roots of even square numbers are even, and square roots of odd square numbers are odd.

As all even square numbers are divisible by 4, the even numbers of the form  are not square numbers.
As all odd square numbers are of the form , the odd numbers of the form  are not square numbers.

Squares of odd numbers are of the form , since  and  is an even number.

see also 
Square pyramidal number

Notes

References

Further reading 
Conway, J. H. and Guy, R. K. The Book of Numbers. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 30–32, 1996.

Other websites 
 Learn Square Numbers . Practice square numbers up to 144 with this children's multiplication game
 Dario Alpern, Sum of squares. A Java applet to decompose a natural number into a sum of up to four squares.
Fibonacci and Square Numbers  at Convergence 
 The first 1,000,000 perfect squares Includes a program for generating perfect squares up to 1015.

 
Number theory
Integer sequences
Miami-Dade County (formerly known as Dade County and many times referred to as simply Miami or Dade) is a county in the southeastern part of the state of Florida. At the 2020 census, about 2.7 million people lived in the county. That is more than any other county in Florida. Among all United States counties, it is in seventh place.  The county seat is the city of Miami.

References

Other websites

Government links
 Miami-Dade County Government

County departments and agencies
 Miami-Dade Public Library System
 Miami-Dade Police Department
 Public Health Trust of Miami-Dade County  Jackson Memorial Hospital
 Miami-Dade Aviation Department Miami International Airport
 Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department

Special districts
 Miami-Dade County Public Schools (MDCPS) is the 4th largest school district in the United States. The Miami-Dade School Board is a nine-member publicly elected body responsible for overseeing the administration of the (MDCPS).
 South Florida Water Management District
Judicial branch
 Miami-Dade Clerk of Courts
 Miami-Dade Public Defender, 11th Judicial Circuit
 Miami-Dade State Attorney's Office, 11th Judicial Circuit
 Circuit and County Court, 11th Judicial Circuit of Florida

Tourism
 Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau

Florida counties
1836 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Florida Territory
Broward County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, 1,944,375 people lived there. This makes it the second most populated county in the state. Its county seat is Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Data
Broward County is part of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to more than 6 million people at the 2020 census.

In the U.S. Census of 2020 the Ethnic/Race Demographics were:
 White (non-Hispanic): 33.1%
 White including "White Hispanics": 39.9%
 Black (non-Hispanic): 26.6%
 Black including Black Hispanics: 27.4% 
 Hispanic or Latino of any race: 31.3%
 Asian (non-Hispanic): 3.8%
 American Indian and Alaska Native (non-Hispanic): 0.2%
 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.0%
 Other Races (non-Hispanic): 1.1%
 Two or more races (non-Hispanic): 3.8%
Broward county was created in 1915 and was named with the second surname name of the former Florida governor: Napoleon Bonaparte Broward. Since then it has had a great growth in the XX century, mainly as "retirement place" for old people from northeastern US and  French Canada.

Other websites

Government links/Constitutional offices
 Broward County Government / Board of County Commissioners
 Broward County Supervisor of Elections
 Broward County Property Appraiser
 Broward County Sheriff's Office

Special Districts
 Broward County Public Schools
 Broward Health (formerly North Broward Hospital District)
 South Broward Hospital District(Memorial Healthcare System)
 South Florida Water Management District

Judicial branch
 Broward County Clerk of Courts
 Broward County Public Defender
 Broward State Attorney's Office, 17th Judicial Circuit 
 Circuit and County Court for the 17th Judicial Circuit of Florida

Tourism links
 Greater Fort Lauderdale Convention and Visitors Bureau

Notes
Notes

Florida counties
1915 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Florida
Britt Max Mayfield (born on September 19, 1948 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is a meteorologist. He was the director of the National Hurricane Center from 2000 to 2007. As director, Mayfield became a trusted voice in preparing for weather-related disasters, particularly those involving tropical storms and hurricanes.

Other websites
 National Hurricane Center
 White House Biography of Max Mayfield
 OneStorm.org  Family hurricane preparedness initiative.

American meteorologists
Scientists from Oklahoma City
1948 births
Living people
A levee, or levée, is a raised bank of a river. The levee or dyke is a protection against floods. There are two types of levee: riverdykes and seadykes. 

The seadyke was invented in Holland in 1277. Rotterdam is largely below sea level, but is protected by its dykes. It is quite clear now that other coastal cities are going to need protection from the sea. 

The first dykes were built in ancient Mesopotamia. The levees they used were earth walls and gave protection against the meltwater. 3000 years ago levees were used in ancient Egypt for irrigation systems.

'Levée' comes from the French verb lever, "to raise". Other names are 'floodbank' or 'stopbank'. It is a natural or artificial wall, usually earthen, and often parallels the course of a river.  The term "levee" came into English use in New Orleans around 1672. The word 'dyke' or 'dike' comes from the Dutch word dijk.
The general term for devices such as dykes is "flood control". Another useful term is "embankment", which is used to build up banks of a river
The lower River Thames was a broad, shallow waterway winding through malarious marshlands. It has been transformed into a deep, narrow tidal canal. Floods from the North Sea are held back at the Thames Barrier.

A downside of levees 
Artificial levees may lead to an elevation of the natural river bed over time. Alluvial rivers with intense accumulations of sediment may do this. The river bed may get higher than the adjacent ground surface behind the levees. This is so in the Yellow River in China, and the Mississippi in the United States.
Earthworks 
There are many earthworks. Some are not related to rivers or water.
 Car Dyke, a Roman boundary ditch in Eastern England
 Devil's Dyke, one of several ancient embankments or ditches 
 Foss Dyke, a Roman canal in England linking the River Trent to the River Witham at Lincoln
 Offa's Dyke, historic earthwork dividing Mercia from Wales
 Wansdyke (earthwork), dividing Wessex from the lands south west of it
 Wat's Dyke, An earthwork running through the northern Welsh Marches from Basingwerk Abbey to Maesbury

Geological features 
A separate page deals with Dyke (geology)
 The Great Dyke, a mineral-rich feature that runs through Zimbabwe 
 Mount Desire Dyke, an igneous intrusion in South Australia
Draining and reclaiming land 
There is a long history of land being reclaimed from the sea (for example in Holland), and marshlands being drained to make them good farming land (southern England). In many places water is held back by sluices. Sluice is a word for a channel controlled at its head by a movable gate. The gate is called a sluice gate.

Dredging: the alternative approach 
Dredging is lowering the base of a river. It is another approach to the problem of rising water levels. Of course, it can and is used together with levees as a standard method. We all know that rivers drop sediment as they flow, and all main rivers are regularly dredged. Dredging has the disadvantage of disturbing the life at the bottom of rivers, but it will certainly be used more in future.

Other websites 
 Levees.Org (activist group in New Orleans to Hold the Corps Accountable)

References 

Landforms
Flood control
A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle. It is where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, or even into a desert. It is formed by sediment carried by the river being deposited in the wider mouth. This happens because the water moves less quickly there.

Over time, the delta forms a series of fingers: places where the water flows, and places above water where plants grow. As time passes, these "fingers" change their position. The landform is typical of the tropical rivers of the past as well as the present.

The word "delta" comes from the Greek letter delta, Δ ,  because the deltas are shaped like the letter. A river delta can cover just a few square miles, or an area of hundreds or thousands of square miles of land.
There have been times in the past when the tropical rivers were larger than today. The South of England was, in the Jurassic period, part of a larger continent. There is today just a remnant of this huge tropical river. The mud from this river is like huge fingers, with gravel between the fingers. This can be seen in quarries where building materials are sorted for sale.

The deposition of mud and sand causes an alluvial fan, which is the name given to the phenomenon.

Other websites 
 Louisiana State University Geology - World Deltas

References
The C-5 Galaxy is a very big military cargo aircraft made by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) used by the United States Air Force. It first flew in 1968 and was introduced in 1970. It is one of the biggest transports in the world. It is 247 feet (75 meters) long, 65 feet (19 meters) high, has a wingspan of 222 feet (67 meters), and can weigh up to 840,000 pounds (378,000 kilograms).

It is used to fly military equipment on to battlefields, and because of its size, it can even carry tanks and helicopters. Five C-5s have crashed.

References 

United States Air Force aircraft
C-5
The term template, when used in the context of word processing software, refers to a sample "fill-in-the-blank" document that can be completed either by hand or through an automated iterative process, such as a with a wizard. Once the template is completed, the user can edit, save and manage the result as an ordinary word processing document. Word processing templates give the ability to bypass the original setup and configuration time necessary to create standardized documents such as a resume. They also give the automatic configuration of the User Interface of the Word processing software, with features such as autocompletion, toolbars, thesaurus, and spelling options.

Word processors
Hurricane Betsy was a strong hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season which caused a lot of damage in the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana. Betsy made its most strongest landfall near the mouth of the Mississippi River, causing major flooding of the waters of Lake Pontchartrain into New Orleans; at the time it was the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States, and, as the first hurricane to cause over a billion dollars in damages, earned the nickname "Billion-Dollar Betsy".
It first hit the Lesser Ahtilles then Miami and New Orleans. 75 people died.

1965 in the United States
1965 Atlantic hurricane season
Retired tropical cyclone names
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in the Bahamas
1960s in Florida
1960s in Louisiana
Hurricanes in Louisiana
The Houston Chronicle is the largest daily newspaper in Texas, USA. As of March 2007, it is the ninth largest newspaper circulating in the United States. With the demise of its long-time rival the Houston Post, its nearest major competitors are located in Dallas-Fort Worth.

Other websites

Official sites
 The Houston Chronicle
 Houston Chronicle forums

Links critical of the Chronicle
 Chronically Biased - Archives of a (no-longer published) anti-Chronicle weblog
 Lone Star Times  - blog  launched by Dan Patrick
 Texas Media Watch  - media watchdog group (archived)
 blogHOUSTON - Houston media and politics weblog

Miscellaneous
 Hearst subsidiary profile of the Houston Chronicle 

Newspapers in the United States
Houston
A delta wing is a wing used on fixed-wing aircraft, mainly supersonic fighter aircraft. Delta wings are triangles. Some were "tailless" (which means they had no elevators) and others were "tailed." Many of the Dassault Aviation Mirages had delta wings (like the Mirage III, Mirage V, Mirage 50, and Mirage 2000).

Delta winged fighters 
F-106 Delta Dart
Mirage III
Mirage V
Mirage 50
Mirage 2000
MiG-21 Fishbed
Su-9 Fishpot
J-35 Draken

Military aviation
Popular Mechanics is an American magazine devoted to science and technology. It was first published January 11, 1902 by H.H. Windsor, and has been owned since the 1950s by the Hearst Corporation There is also a Latin American edition that has been published for decades and a newly formed South African version available.

Popular Mechanics features regular sections on cars, trucks, science, technology, home how-to and outdoor adventures. A recurring column is "Jay Leno's Garage" featuring observations by the famed late-night talk show host and vehicle enthusiast.

Other websites
 Popularmechanics.com
 Popular Mechanics South African edition 
 

Science and technology magazines
Scientific American is a popular science magazine, published (first weekly and later monthly) since August 28, 1845, making it the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. It brings articles about new and innovative research to the non-scientific audience.

Other websites 

 Online edition of Scientific American with partially free access to the current issue.
 Online archive (not free) of the issues from 1993 to the present.
 Information about the archive
 Online archive of Scientific American between 1846 and 1869.

Science and technology magazines
American monthly magazines‎
The Times-Picayune is a tri-weekly newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.

Other websites
Official website, including the paper's breaking news weblog
 The Times-Picayune's history of the Times-Picayune 
Print editions of the Times-Picayune during Katrina
Best Leaders: Times-Picayune's Staff

Newspapers in the United States
New Orleans
Poultry are a form of domesticated bird kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, and turkeys). The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word poule, itself derived from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal.

References

Other websites
  Information on Poultry Diseases 
 PoultryCast podcast
 Chickens, Waterfowl and Exotic Poultry
 The Poultry Guide - A to Z and FAQs
A gas station, also known as a filling station, fueling station, service station or petrol station is a facility which sells fuel and lubricants for motor vehicles. The most common fuels sold are gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel.

The fuel is dispensed by a gas pump. Some of the different kinds of fuel are:
Gasoline (petrol)
Diesel
CNG
CGH2
HCNG
LPG (GPL)
LH2
Ethanol fuel (like E10, E85, E100)
Biogas
Biobutanol
Biodiesel

Many gas stations have a convenience store close to the pumps, to make extra earnings. Some have tunnel car washs.

Other websites
Other websites 

  
 An interview with architectural historian Jim Draeger about the history of filling stations from Wisconsin Public Television 
 Petroleum Equipment Institute
 Petrol station cost structure
 Gasoline Signs — Signs and logos of gas stations in the United States
 British Petrol Stations — Design & branding history of filling stations in Great Britain
 U.S. Department of Energy's Gas Price Watch Hotline  — A U.S. government site to report alleged gas price gouging in the United States
 Report: Economics of the Nova Scotia Gasoline Market  
 Shell in the U.S.: Some basic truths about buying gas today 

Fuel
Transport buildings and structures
A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc.  They are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns.  They have loading docks to load and unload trucks; or sometimes are loaded directly from railways, airports, or seaports.  They also often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks.

In logistics, the warehouse performs the function of accumulating reserves of material resources necessary to dampen fluctuations in supply and demand volumes, as well as synchronizing the flow rates of goods in systems of promotion from manufacturers to consumers or material flows in technological production systems.

References 

Manufacturing buildings
A nursery is a place where plants are cultivated and grown to usable size. There are retail nurseries which sell to the general public, wholesale nurseries which sell only to other nurseries and to commercial landscape gardeners, and private nurseries which supply the needs of institutions or private estates.  Some retail and wholesale nurseries sell by mail.

Gardening
Plants
A credit union is a cooperative financial institution that is owned and controlled by its members. Credit unions differ from banks and other financial institutions in that the members who have accounts in the credit union are the owners of the credit union - there are no external shareholders. Profits from the operations of a credit union are distributed to members in the form of dividends.

The basic services of a credit union are to offer savings accounts and loans to members.

Money

de:Genossenschaftsbank
he:בנקאות קואופרטיבית
The family Tettigoniidae, known in American English as katydids and in British English as bush-crickets, contains more than 6,400 species. It is part of the suborder Ensifera.

They are also known as long-horned grasshoppers, though they are more closely related to crickets than to grasshoppers.
Their antennae may be longer than their own body length, those of the grasshoppers are always relatively short.

Disguise 
Katydids may disguise themselves brilliantly. Some look exactly like dead brown leaves, complete with holes, lying still on the forest floor of the rainforests of Asia and South America. Others act like green, living leaves fluttering from a branch. They even have vein-like markings like real leaves.

Other websites
Bush katydid genus Scudderia Stål, 1873 - diagnostic photographs, natural history
 Black-sided meadow katydid - Conocephalus nigropleurum - diagnostic photographs
 BugGuide.net--family Tettigoniidae 
Singing Insects of North America (SINA) website. 
Bug guide.net-- Pink Katydid
References 

Orthoptera
"Bills, Bills, Bills" was the first single from Destiny's Child's second album The Writing's on the Wall. A track which echoed the men-bashing sentiments of TLC's massive summer hit "No Scrubs", and even featured the same producer (Kevin She"kspere Briggs). The song provided the group with their first US chart-topper in July 1999, and also reached the UK Top 10. The album featured a greater creative input from the group, although they still relied on a production crew including Rodney Jerkins, Missy Elliott, Chad Elliot, and Dwayne Wiggins of Tony! Toni! Tone!
Formats and remixes
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Radio Edit)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Acapella)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Jonathan Coulton)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Instrumental)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Digital Black-N-Groove Club Mix Instrumental)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Digital Black-N-Groove Club Mix)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Digital Black-n-Groove Club Radio Remix)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (DJ Def Club's Xclusive Mix)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Maurice's Xclusive Dub Mix)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Maurice's Xclusive Livegig Mix)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (Maurice's Xclusive Mix)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (UK Garage Mix)
"Bills, Bills, Bills" (D'n'D 2-Step Mix)

"I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix Radio Edit) (feat Jazz-Ming & Sporty Thievz)
"I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix) (feat Jazz-Ming & Sporty Thievz)
"I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix Acapella) (feat Jazz-Ming & Sporty Thievz)
"I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix Instrumental)

References
References

1999 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Destiny's Child songs
Anna Maria Thelott (1683 – 1710) was a Swedish artist. She was one of the first professional female artists in Sweden and also in Scandinavia. She was an engraver, an illustrator, a woodcut-artist, and a miniaturist.

Life
Anna Maria was the daughter of the artist Philipp Jacob Thelott the Older, and sister of the artist Philip Jacob Thelott the Younger. When she was a child, she worked together with her brother and her father to illustrate the books "Campus Elysii" and "Atlantica", by Olof Rudbeck, and when she was grown up, she started to work alone and illustrate papers and maps and other things. She made miniature portraits of people, she drew animals, cities and landscapes.  

Her family lived in Uppsala until 1702, when the city burnt down, and they moved to Stockholm. 

In 1710, Anna Maria became one of the many victims of the last plague in Sweden.

1683 births
1710 deaths
Engravers
People from Uppsala
Swedish illustrators
Justina Kristina Casagli, (1794-1841), was a famous singer and actor. She was born in Sweden, but worked in all Europe, especially in Italy and Germany, where she became famous.

Birth
She was born with the name Justina Kristina Wässelius. Her sister, Jeanette Wässelius, also became a singer, but she only worked in Sweden. Justina went to the theatre school Dramatens elevskola in 1805. When she graduated in 1812, she began to work at the theatre Royal Swedish Opera. The same year, she married the Italian dancer Ludovico Casagli, and got the name Justina Casagli.

Works
She left Sweden with her husband in 1818 and went to Italy. In Italy, she played in the play "Cerentola" in Turino in 1818, in the play "Donna del Lago" in Rome in 1823 and in Lucca 1827 in the play "Matrimonio Segreto". She was a great success, and then worked in Munich in Germany for several years. After that, she tried to get work in the Opera in Sweden again, but her place there was occupied by a new singer, Henriette Widerberg.
The last years, she lived in Parma, where she died after she had fallen from a window.

Swedish singers
Swedish actors
1794 births
1841 deaths
Forty-eight is a number. It comes between forty-seven and forty-nine, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 48.

Integers
Forty-nine is a number. It comes between forty-eight and fifty, and is an odd number.  It is divisible by 7.  49 is the 7th square number after 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, and 36.

Integers
Square numbers
Cynthia Lillian Lennon (born Cynthia Lillian Powell 10 September 1939 - 1 April 2015) was the first wife of John Lennon. Cynthia divorced Lennon in 1968 after he left her for Yoko Ono. She is the mother of Lennon's elder son Julian. 

She was born in Blackpool, Lancashire and raised in Hoylake, Cheshire.

Other websites 
 The Beatles First Wives Club 
 Living with Lennon

1939 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Spain
John Lennon
People from Blackpool
People from Cheshire
The Beatles
Fifty-one is a number. It comes between fifty and fifty-two, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 17, and 51.

Integers
Fifty-three is a number. It comes between fifty-two and fifty-four, and is an odd number.  It is also the 16th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,  23,  29, 31, 37, 41, 43,  and 47.

Integers
Prime numbers
Fifty-two is a number. It comes between fifty-one and fifty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 13, 26, and 52.

Integers
Fifty-four is a number. It comes between fifty-three and fifty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, and 54.

Integers
Fifty-five is a natural number. It is one of those numbers used for counting. It comes between fifty-four and fifty-six. It is an odd number. 

It is divisible by 1, 5, 11, and 55.

References 

Integers
The mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) are the world's largest monkeys. They are also the most colourful primates. The skin colours brighten as the animal gets more excited. Males live mostly on the forest floor, while females and young climb up into trees and bushes. This monkey looks rather like a baboon, but they are in a different genus. They live in large groups, mostly in rain forests.

Description 
Males have an orange/yellow beard and an unmistakable bright red and blue snout and rump. Females and juveniles have a duller blue snout and a buff beard. Mandrills can live up to 40 years in captivity. They feed on fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, nuts, greens and invertebrates.

Habitat 
Mandrills live in Cameroon, Gabon and the Congo. They live in dense rainforest and coastal forests, although they sometimes go onto the savannah.  Mandrills live on the ground and in trees.
Behaviour 
Mandrills seem to live in large, stable groups called "hordes". Hordes often number in the hundreds, possibly averaging around 600+ individuals and reaching as many as 845. It is difficult to accurately estimate group size in the forest, but filming a group crossing a gap between two forest patches or crossing a road is a reliable way of estimating group size. The largest group verifiably observed in this way contained over 1,300 individuals, in Lopé National Park, Gabon—the largest aggregation of nonhuman primates ever recorded. These groups are made of adult females and their dependent offspring. 

Males live a solitary lifestyle, and only enter hordes when females are ready for mating, which lasts three months each year.  All-male bachelor groups are not known to exist.

References 

Old World monkeys
Mammals of Africa
Carburization (often also called carburizing) is how carbon is introduced into a metal. It is done to make the surface harder and more abrasion resistant. 

Depending on the amount of time and temperature, the affected area can vary in carbon content.
In earlier times, direct application of charcoal was packed onto the metal for carburization. Modern techniques use carbon-bearing gases or plasmas (such as carbon dioxide or methane). Carburization is mainly used to harden the surface of low alloy steel.

Too great a concentration of carbon makes metal brittle and unworkable, so then metals may be decarburized.

Metallurgy
Fifty-six is a number. It comes between fifty-five and fifty-seven, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, and 56.

Integers
Sao is a non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman et al. on August 14, 2019. 

Sao orbits Neptune at a distance of about 22.4 million km and is about 44 kilometers in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04).

Sao has a very inclined and eccentric orbit seen on the diagram in relation to other non-sperical moons of Neptune. 

Sao, or Neptune XI, like many of the farther moons of Neptune, is named after one of the Nereids; Sao was associated with sailing and is referred to as "The rescuer" or "Safety". Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Sao was known provisionally as S/2002 N 2.

Other websites 
 Matthew Holman's Neptune's page
 David Jewitt's pages
 Scott Sheppard's pages

Neptune's moons
The Dresden University of Technology (; TUD) is a university in Dresden, in Germany. It is the largest university in the state of Saxony and one of the ten largest universities in Germany with around 35,000 students.

History
Dresden University is one of the oldest colleges of technology in Germany. In 1828, the Saxon Technical School was founded to teach workers in technological subjects such as mechanics and ship construction. In 1871, the institute was renamed the Royal Saxon Polytechnic, and other subjects, such as history and languages, were introduced. By the end of the 19th century the institute had grown into a university covering all subjects. It was given its current name in 1961.
Organisation
The Dresden University of Technology is organised into 14 departments. Almost all departments are on the main campus south of the city centre, except for the Faculty of Medicine which has its own campus near the Elbe River, east of the city centre, and the Department of Forestry in a town nearby called Tharandt.

The university's annual budget is around €400 million.

Reputation

The TU Dresden offers a wide range of courses and research. It has a high reputation in technical fields such as electrical engineering or computer science.

The university also has a strong research tradition in microelectronics and transport sciences in the Dresden area, and now is becoming more important in new fields of research such as biotechnology.
Campus
TU Dresden is a campus university, meaning most of its buildings are in one area rather than being spread out across the city. Some of its buildings are more than a hundred years old. In recent years these historic building have been complemented by modern buildings (e.g. the library, the main auditorium, the biochemistry department or the life sciences building).

Students

About 60% of the students come from Saxony (about three-quarters live in Dresden), 19% from other eastern German states, 12% from the western German states and 10% from other countries.
In 2005/2006, there were 3,442 international students enrolled at TU Dresden. Most of the foreign students come from Europe (1,527), followed by Asia (1,404) and America (170). Ranked by countries the largest group of students comes from China (710), followed by Poland (294), Vietnam (196), Bulgaria (160) and Russia (154). The university is also quite popular among Central and East European countries such as the neighbouring Czech Republic (which is only  away or Ukraine.

Because of the Erasmus programme and partnerships with universities in the United States, there are many English-, French- and Spanish-speaking students. But the language spoken during lessons is nearly always German. To prepare for the university, many international students attend German language courses at the university.
Other activities
Sports are very popular among the TUD students. There are eight big students' clubs and the summer campus party is among the biggest in Germany. There are cafeterias as at most universities and the largest refectory can compete with some restaurants even as far as menu size.

References

Other websites

 Official website

1828 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Germany
Dresden
Technical colleges and universities in Germany
Buildings and structures in Saxony
Fifty-seven is a number. It comes between fifty-six and fifty-eight, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 19, and 57.

Integers
Fifty-eight is a number. It comes between fifty-seven and fifty-nine, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 29, and 58.

Integers
Fifty-nine is a number. It comes between fifty-eight and sixty, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number.

Integers
Prime numbers
Laomedeia also Neptune XII, is a non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman, et al. on August 13, 2002. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), it was known as S/2002 N 3.

It orbits Neptune at a distance of about 23,571,000 km and is about 42 kilometers in diameter (assuming albedo of 0.04). It is named after Laomedeia, one of the 50 Nereids.

 Eccentricity: 0.381
 Orbital inclination: 37.7° (to the ecliptic)

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages
 Scott Sheppard pages
 Ephemeris (IAU)
 Mean orbital parameters (NASA)

Neptune's moons
Tropical Storm Jerry was the tenth named storm of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It was a very short-lived storm over the north-central Atlantic Ocean. The storm lasted less than 48 hours, half of that time as a subtropical cyclone. It was never a threat to land.

Storm history
The system that would later become Tropical Storm Jerry started as a non-tropical low pressure area over the central Atlantic Ocean on September 21. The system moved in a shaky path over the north-central Atlantic over the next two days. It slowly developed deeper convection and became more organized. On September 22, the system had become organized enough that the National Hurricane Center mentioned a possible tropical or subtropical development in the area. Late that evening, it had been determined that a subtropical depression had formed, as a warm core had developed but the system was still involved with an upper-level low and had its strongest winds well removed from the center. Early on September 23, both satellite estimates and QuikScat data determined that the depression had strengthened into Subtropical Storm Jerry, despite the lack of a well-defined inner core
. The storm slowly acquired tropical characteristics including a better-defined warm core, and became fully tropical that evening as a weak and sheared tropical storm with 40 mph (65 km/h) winds over a small radius.
Jerry began to weaken once again early on September 24 as it accelerated northeastward over cooler waters with sea surface temperatures below 24 °C (75 °F). It remained a tropical storm until later that morning.Then it weakened to a tropical depression ahead of a powerful cold front with little deep convection remaining in the system. Jerry remained a tropical depression as the cold front approached and began to absorb the system that afternoon as it continued to accelerate northeastward. That evening, a QuikScat pass determined that Jerry had opened up into a trough which was being absorbed into the larger frontal system. It completely dissipated by early on September 25.

Impact
Jerry never came near land during its lifespan, and no damage or deaths were reported. No ships were impacted by Jerry.

Related pages
 2007 Atlantic hurricane season

References

Other websites

 NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Jerry

Atlantic tropical storms
Jenner is a small town in Sonoma County, California, U.S.. The town is small, with about 121 people. Just south of Jenner is Goat Rock Beach, a unit within the Sonoma Coast State Beach.

References 

Settlements in Sonoma County, California
Cities in California
Tropical Storm Ingrid was a weak tropical storm that existed from September 12 – 17, 2007. It was the ninth named storm of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm developed as Tropical Depression Eight. Tropical Depression Nine appeared at the same time as Eight but was much quicker to develop. Tropical Depression Nine strengthened into Humberto–the next name on the list–before Eight became a named storm. Tropical Storm Ingrid was a weak storm. It only lasted for a short amount of time. The storm got weaker in the Atlantic because of high wind shear. Ingrid died out before reaching land areas. There was rain in Saint Martin and Antigua because of the storm.

Storm history
Storm history

The system formed from a big tropical wave that moved off the coast of west Africa on September 6. Because of strong wind shear, it did not get stronger over the next three days. On September 9, it developed an area of low pressure in the central Atlantic, between the coast of Africa and the Lesser Antilles. Slowly, the wind shear began to go away. Dvorak classifications were started on the weather system on September 11. By the morning of September 12, it had developed into Tropical Depression Eight. This took place about  east of the Lesser Antilles. The same tropical wave eventually created another area of weather activity that became Tropical Depression Ten, with the help of other weather systems.
Impact
Ingrid stayed just to the east and northeast of the Lesser Antilles. It weakened without impacting any land. Its remnants produced rain and thunder to Antigua. On Saint Martin, the system produced  of rain in about an hour. This caused some roads to become flooded. No damage or deaths were caused by the storm. No ships reported tropical storm-force winds.

Because there was no damage from Tropical Storm Ingrid, the name "Ingrid" was not removed from the tropical cyclone names list, and will be used again during for the 2013 Atlantic hurricane season. This was the first time that the name "Ingrid" was used for a tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Ocean. However, the name has been used in other parts of the world.

Related pages
 2007 Atlantic hurricane season
 Tropical cyclone
 Tropical Storm Melissa (2007), a storm like Ingrid

References

Other websites

 NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Ingrid
 Tropical Cyclone Report

Atlantic tropical storms
Sixty-one is a number. It comes between sixty and sixty-two, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number.

Integers
Prime numbers
Sixty-seven is a number. It comes between sixty-six and sixty-eight, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number.

Integers
Prime numbers
Psamathe or Neptune X, is a non-spherical moon of Neptune.

Psamathe was found by Scott S. Sheppard and David C. Jewitt in 2003. It orbits Neptune at a distance of about 46,695,000 km and takes almost 25 Earth years to make one orbit. It is about 24 kilometers in diameter.

It is named after Psamathe, one of the Nereids. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), it was known by the designation S/2003 N 1.

 Eccentricity: 0.4499
 Orbital inclination: 146.60° (to Neptune's equator), 124.39° (to the ecliptic)

Given the similarity of the orbit's parameters with Neso (S/2002 N 4), it was suggested that both non-spherical moons could have been a bigger moon that broken up.

Other websites
David Jewitt pages
Scott Sheppard pages
Ephemeris (IAU)
Mean orbital parameters (NASA)

Neptune's moons
Sixty-two is a number. It comes between sixty-one and sixty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 31, and 62.

Integers
Sixty-three is a number. It comes between sixty-two and sixty-four, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, and 63.

Integers
Sixty-four is a number. It comes between sixty-three and sixty-five, and is an even number.

Math
It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. 64 is the 8th square number after 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, and 49. It is the fourth cube after 1, 8, and 27.

Other
There are sixty-four 1x1 squares on a chess, checkers and draughts board. It is also a power of two.

Integers
Square numbers
Sixty-five is a number. It comes between sixty-four and sixty-six, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 5, 13, and 65.

65 in some places 
 +65 is the International Calling Code for Singapore

Integers
Sixty-six is a number. It comes between sixty-five and sixty-seven, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 22, 33, and 66. In numerical form, it is "66". 

Integers
A Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough (TUTT) is a trough in upper-level (at about 200 hPa) tropics. Its formation is usually caused by the expansion of the Trough of Westerlies Wind to the tropics. It can also develop from the inverted trough adjacent to a upper level anticyclone. TUTTs are different from mid-latitude troughs in the sense that they are maintained by subsidence warming near the tropopause which balances radiation cooling.

TUTTs sometimes bring a large amount of vertical wind shear over tropical disturbances and cyclones so TUTTs can reduce cyclone development. But, there are also times when TUTTs help start tropical cyclones or make them stronger by providing additional forced ascent near the storm center and an efficient outflow channel in the upper troposphere. Moreover, under specific circumstances, TUTTs can grow into upper cold lows and may enhance the development of low level disturbances.
Other websites 
 FAQs on Hurricanes, Typhoons And Tropical Cyclones 
 Definition of TUTT in Traditional Chinese 
  Tropical textbook : from trade winds to cyclones (2 vols). The part 8.4 deals with TUTT .Florent Beucher, 25 mai 2010, Météo-France, 897 pp.

Tropical cyclones
Meteorology
The Leeward Islands are the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain of islands, parts of the West Indies. They are where the Caribbean Sea meets the western Atlantic Ocean. The western Leewards are the Virgin Islands. 

The southern part of the Lesser Antilles chain is called the Windward Islands.

Caribbean islands
Sixty-eight is a number.sixty-eight looks like this 68 It comes above sixty-seven and below sixty-nine, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, and 68.

Integers
Sixty-nine is a number. It comes between sixty-eight and seventy, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 23, and 69.

Integers
Saint Martin  is a tropical island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km southeast of Puerto Rico. The 87 km² island is divided roughly in half between France and the Netherlands; it is the smallest inhabited sea island divided between two nations.

 The southern Dutch half comprises the Eilandgebied Sint Maarten (Island area of St. Martin) was part of the Netherlands Antilles, until the Antilles was dissolved in October 2010, when Sint Maarten became a "country" ("land") within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Government of the Netherlands is responsible for defence, foreign affairs and nationality law. Although part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands the territory of Sin Maarten is not part of the European Union although its citizens are Citizens of the European Union

 The northern French half comprises the Collectivité de Saint-Martin (Collectivity of Saint Martin) and is a overseas territory of France.
The main towns are Marigot (on the French part) and Philipsburg in the Dutch one.
About 60.000 people live on the island.
Antigua (IPA: /ænˈtiːgə//an-tee-gah) is an island in the West Indies, Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region, the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. It is also known as Wadadli, which means approximately "our own". The island's circumference is about 87 kilometres (54 miles) and its area is 281 km² (108 square miles). About 69,000 people lived there as of July 2006. It is the largest of the Leeward Islands, and has a busy economy based on tourism, internet gambling, and education, including two medical schools.

Indigenous peoples like the Ciboney, Taíno, and Kalinago had lived on and around the island for a long time. But in 1493, Christopher Columbus became the first European to visit, and he renamed it Antigua after Mary, the mother of Jesus. The British came in 1632 and colonized the island. They brought slaves to the island from Africa who were forced to grow sugar cane. The slaves were legally freed in 1834.