Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Juanita Moore (October 19, 1914 - January 1, 2014) was an American movie and television actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Imitation of Life. She was the fifth African-American actor to be nominated for an Academy Award and the third in that category.

Moore died on January 1, 2014 from natural causes at her home in Los Angeles. She was aged 99.

References

Other websites

1914 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Mississippi
African American actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
James La Rue Avery, Sr. (November 27, 1945 – December 31, 2013) was an American actor. He was born in Virginia and raised in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He was best known for his role on the television show The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. He played father and lawyer Philip Banks, Will Smith's character's uncle.

Avery died from problems after open-heart surgery in a hospital in Los Angeles. He was aged 68.

References

Other websites
 
 
 The HistoryMakers  Biography, photos and video clips

1945 births
2013 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from Virginia
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from surgical complications
The Linguini Incident is a comedy movie. It was released in May 1991. Marlee Matlin and David Bowie are in this movie.

1991 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Richard Shepard
Albert Newsam (May 20, 1809 – November 20, 1864) was an American artist. He was a painter and made lithographs of people and places.

Early life

Albert Newsam was born in the city of Steubenville in the state of Ohio in the United States. He was born deaf and mute. He was also an orphan. Newsam was making art when he was a little boy. When he was still a little boy, he met a man named William P. Davis. Davis acted like he was also deaf and mute, but he wasn't. He took Newsam to the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania and forced Newsam to make art and Davis would sell it and make money off of it. In 1820, Newsam was saved from being with Davis and went to school at the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.

Job as an artist
Job as an artist

In the year 1827, Newsam started to make art as an apprentice to a printmaker named Cephas G. Childs. Newsam had a lot of artists who taught him when he worked for Childs. One of the artists was George Catlin. Newsam started making art all the time as an artist in 1829. His pictures were published and sold for money. Childs retired and another man named Peter S. Duvall became owner of the company. Newsam worked for him and became the main artist at the company.

Newsam painted and drew pictures of politicians, preachers, and rich people. He also made pictures of landscapes, medical illustrations, and sheet music.

Later life and death

Newsam started to lose his eyesight in the year 1857. In 1859, he had a stroke, which made him stop making art. He had to move to a place called the Living Home for the Sick and Well in the state of Delaware. Since he could not sell art anymore, his friends paid for him to move to the home. He died there in the year 1864.

Legacy
Legacy

His artwork is owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and The Library Company of Philadelphia.

Books about Albert Newsam
 
 Pyatt, Joseph O. Memoir of Albert Newsam. Philadelphia: Self-published (1868).
 Stauffer, DMN. Lithographic Portraits of Albert Newsam. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (1901).

References

1809 births
1864 deaths
American painters
American printmakers
People from Philadelphia
People from Steubenville, Ohio
Steubenville is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County in the state of Ohio in the United States. The city is next to the Ohio River. 18,659 people lived there in the year 2010.

A fort used to be located where the city is. The fort was called Fort Steuben. It was there in 1786. The fort was named after Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.

Steubenville has a nickname. It is the "City of Murals". There are over 25 different murals around the city. Franciscan University of Steubenville and Eastern Gateway Community College are located in the city.

Famous people from Steubenville

Dean Martin (1917-1995) - singer and actor
Albert Newsam (1809-1864) - artist
Edwin M. Stanton (1814-1869) - United States Attorney General
Traci Lords (born 1968) - actress
Richard Timberlake (1922-2020) - economist
Big Bully Busick (1954-2018) - professional wrestler

References

Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf is a school for deaf people. It is in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the third oldest deaf school in the United States. It was built in 1890 and is on the list of the National Register of Historic Places. It used to be called the Pennsylvania Institute for the Deaf and Dumb.

Famous students
Albert Newsam, artist

References

Other websites

Schools in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia
National Register of Historic Places
Historic districts in the United States
1890 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Pennsylvania
George Catlin (July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872) was an American painter and author. He traveled a lot, and painted a lot of pictures of Native American people in the Western United States. He was born in Wilkes-Barre in the state of Pennsylvania. He died in the city of Jersey City in the state of New Jersey.

1796 births
1872 deaths
American painters
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is a museum and art school in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It was started in 1805. It is the oldest art museum and art school in the United States.

Famous students
 Katherine Milhous, American illustrator and author

References

Other websites
 

Schools in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia
National Register of Historic Places
Art museums in the United States
1805 establishments in the United States
1800s establishments in Pennsylvania
Katherine Milhous (November 27, 1894 – December 5, 1977) was an American artist, illustrator and author. She wrote and made the art for the book The Egg Tree. In 1951, the book won the Caldecott Medal for best illustrations. Milhous mainly wrote children's books.

Early life

Katherine Milhous was born November 27, 1894 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her parents were named Osborn and Katherine Daly Milhous. They were Quakers and printmakers. The family moved to Pitman, New Jersey when Milhous was a little girl. A lot of Quakers lived in Pitman so the family wanted to move to be close to them. Milhous moved back to Philadelphia. She went to school at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Pennsylvania Museum of Industrial Art. She made art for magazines to pay for school. She also traveled outside of the United States with a fellowship she was given.

Career
Career

Milhous worked for the Federal Art Project in Philadelphia from the year 1935 until she stopped in 1940. She made a lot of posters to advertise the state of Pennsylvania. A lot of the art showed people and things from the Pennsylvania Dutch community. Milhous met Alice Dalgliesh and the two women would write books together. Milhous would make the art for the books. Milhous went to work for Charles Scribner's & Sons where Dalgliesh worked. Milhous started to write and make art for her own books, too.

Death and legacy

She died in Philadelphia in the year 1977. The University of Minnesota and the Free Library of Philadelphia own her archives.

References

Other websites

 
 Rural Pennsylvania from the World Digital Library

1894 births
1977 deaths
American artists
Writers from Philadelphia
Children's writers
Quakers
American illustrators
Yeezus is the sixth studio album by American hip hop recording artist Kanye West. It was released on June 18, 2013, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. The album was given very good reviews by music critics. Yeezus entered the Billboard 200 at number one. It also reached number one in 30 other countries. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 9.5 out of 10. Yeezus is a hip hop album.

Singles
"Black Skinhead" was released as the first single from the album on June 19, 2013. It reached 34 in the UK Singles Chart. "Bound 2" was released as the album's second single. The music video for the single had West's fiancee at the time, Kim Kardashian in it.

Awards
The album was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2014 Grammy Awards. The fourth song on the album, "New Slaves", was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rap Song.   Time magazine chose Yeezus as the best album of 2013. In Pitchfork's 2013 Readers Poll, Yeezus was chosen as 2013's best album.
Tour
On October 19 2013 West started The Yeezus Tour. A Tribe Called Quest gave their last performance there. The tour ended on December 23 2013.

Track listing 
Credits adapted from West's official website.

Notes
  signifies an additional producer
  signifies a co-producer
 "I Am a God" features vocals by Justin Vernon.
 "New Slaves" features vocals by Frank Ocean.
 "Hold My Liquor" features vocals by Chief Keef and Justin Vernon.
 "I'm In It" features vocals by Justin Vernon and Assassin.
 "Guilt Trip" features vocals by Kid Cudi.
 "Send it Up" features vocals by King L.
 "Bound 2" features vocals by Charlie Wilson.
Sample credits
 "On Sight" contains interpolations of "Sermon (He'll Give Us What We Really Need)", written by Keith Carter, Sr., and performed by Holy Name of Mary Choral Family, re-sung by a different choir.
 "I Am a God" contains samples of "Forward Inna Dem Clothes", written by Clifton Bailey III and H. Hart, and performed by Capleton; and samples of "Are Zindagi Hai Khel", written by Anand Bakshi and Rahul Burman, and performed by Burman, Manna Dey, and Asha Bhosle.
 "New Slaves" contains samples of "Gyöngyhajú lány", written by Gábor Presser and Anna Adamis, and performed by Omega.
 "I'm In It" contains samples of "Lately", written by Vidal Davis, Carvin Haggins, Andre Harris, Kenny Lattimore, and Jill Scott, and performed by Lattimore.
 "Blood on the Leaves" contains samples of "Strange Fruit", written by Lewis Allan, and performed by Nina Simone; and samples of "R U Ready", written by Ross Birchard and Lunice Pierre, and performed by TNGHT.
"Guilt Trip" contains interpolations of "Chief Rocka", written by Keith Elam, Kevin Hansford, Dupre Kelly, Christopher Martin, Alterick Wardrick and Marlon Williams, and performed by Lords of the Underground; and samples of "Blocka (Ackeejuice Rockers Remix)", written by Terrence Thornton and Tyree Pittman, and performed by Pusha T featuring Travis Scott and Popcaan.
 "Send It Up" contains samples of "Memories", written by Anthony Moses Davis, Collin York and Lowell Dunbar, and performed by Beenie Man.
 "Bound 2" contains samples of "Aeroplane (Reprise)", written by Norman Whiteside, and performed by Wee; samples of "Bound", written by Bobby Massey and Robert Dukes, and performed by Ponderosa Twins Plus One; and samples of "Sweet Nothin's", written by Ronnie Self, and performed by Brenda Lee.
Personnel 
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

 Alvin Fields – choir director
 Andrew Dawson – engineer
 Anthony Kilhoffer – engineer
 Arca – additional programming
 Benji B – additional production
 Brodinski – additional production
 Carmen Roman – choir
 Ché Pope – A&R, additional programming, co-executive producer
 Chris Galland – assistant mixing
 Chris Gehringer – mastering
 Crystal Brun – choir
 Daft Punk – producer
 Dave "Squirrel" Covell – assistant engineer
 David Rowland – assistant engineer
 Delbert Bowers – assistant mixing
 Dylan Wissing –drums
 Eric Lynn – assistant mixing
 Frank Ocean – additional vocals
 Gesaffelstein – additional production
 Gloria Ryann – choir
 Hudson Mohawke – additional programming, co-producer
 Jack Donoghue – additional production
 Jessenia Pena – choir
 Joe Perez – graphic design
 John Morgan – choir
 Josh Smith – assistant engineer
 Justin Vernon – additional vocals
 K. Nita – choir
Kanye West – creative director, executive producer, producer, vocals
 Keith Parry – assistant engineer
 Ken Lewis – choir producer, engineer, noises, vocal sounds
 Kenta Yonesaka – assistant engineer
 Kevin Matela – assistant engineer
 Khoï Huynh – assistant engineer
 Lorraine Berry – choir
 Lupe Fiasco – additional production
 Manny Marroquin – mixing
 Marc Portheau – assistant engineer, engineer
 Matt Teitelman – percussion
 Mike Dean – additional production, engineer
 Nabil Essemlani – assistant engineer
 Natalis Ruby Rubero – choir
 Noah Goldstein – additional production, additional programming, associate producer, engineer, mixing
 Raoul Le Pennec – assistant engineer
 Rick Rubin – executive producer
 Ronnie Artis – choir
 Sean Drew – choir
 Sean Oakley – assistant engineer, assistant mixing
 Sham Joseph – additional production
 Teachers – co-producer
 Timeka Lee – choir
 Travis Scott – additional programming
 Ultra$ound - producer
 Uri Djemal – choir engineer
 Vlado Meller – mastering

Charts
Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

Notes

References

2013 albums
Kanye West albums
Hip hop albums
Experimental music albums
R&B albums
Guns, Germs and Steel is a 1997 book by Jared Diamond about the history of humans.

The book is about why some humans societies (from small tribes to big countries) were able to use more inventions and conquer (take over) others. Diamond thinks that the answer is because of geography and not because of differences in the people themselves. The book deals with many topics like history, geography, biology, anthropology and sociology.

In 2005, a TV program was made about the book's ideas, with Diamond as the presenter. This was shown on PBS.

Summary

Introduction
In the introduction, Diamond writes about the time he met Yali, a man from New Guinea, in 1972. Yali asked "Why is it that you white people [made] so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?" By "cargo", Yali meant inventions and objects that are made in a factory. Diamond thought about this question for years, which led to him writing the book.
Diamond starts by talking about how modern humans (homo sapiens) spread out of Africa and around the world. Diamond believes that it is unlikely that some modern humans could be born more intelligent than others, because if a more intelligent type of human appeared, they would spread around the world very quickly.

How farming began
How farming began

At first, humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies. This means that they lived by hunting animals and picking up foods from plants. The journey towards modern inventions began about 9,000 years ago when humans first learned to grow crops. In order to start farming these crops, humans first had to domesticate the crops, meaning that they had to change them so that they were better for farming. They did this by using selective breeding. This means that they planted the seeds from the best plants, to make sure that better plants appeared the next year. Diamond talks about why this happened to some plants and not others. For example, most trees are not useful for farming because they take a very long time to grow. The most useful plants were plants that took only a year to grow.
Farming was a big change. In a farming society, more people could live in the same area (population density) than a hunter-gatherer society. This is why they could easily take over the lands of hunter-gatherers, if their crops could grow there. Diamond notes that it was usually easier for crops to spread east or west than north or south, because crops could only grow in a similar climate. Humans from farming societies spread to regions where their crops could grow, such as from the Fertile Crescent to Europe, North Africa and South Asia and from China to the rest of East Asia. Eurasia (Europe and Asia) became home to far more farming societies than the rest of the world, and they had better crops. Meanwhile, these crops could not spread from North Africa into the middle of Africa, and therefore they did not spread to South Africa (where the crops could grow)
. Meanwhile, until Europeans discovered the Americas, crops from Central America did not spread to South America, and crops from South America did not spread to Central America.
Farming by region
Diamond writes about what each region was like before European explorers started travelling around the world:
Eurasia and North Africa: Many crops and animals were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and spread to these regions, as far west as Ireland and as far east as Japan. They also used crops and animals that were domesticated in other areas, such as rice from China and horses from the Steppes, a region in Central Asia. These areas had more crops than any other part of the world. This is why they had the best farming. Inventions and countries appeared in Eurasia and North Africa much earlier than anywhere else. Eurasia had so many people who lived near to each other and near to farm animals that many diseases like smallpox spread around the region.
The Americas: The Americas were too far away from Eurasia, so did not have their crops. Although many Eurasian crops are grown in North America today, there were few that the Native Americans could domesticate and those that could were not very useful. In some places, people domesticated more useful crops, such as maize in Central America and potatoes in South America. This led to inventions being made; Central America is the only place outside of Eurasia to invent writing on their own. They became home to empires like the Aztec Empire and Inca Empire. But this happened later than in Eurasia, and they did not have as many crops. Because they were too far away from Eurasia, they did not have Eurasian diseases like smallpox.
The rest of Africa: The Sahara Desert was one of several things that made it hard for farming to spread from North Africa to the other parts of Africa. Some farming did spread through Africa, such as cows. Africans also domesticate some crops, such as yams in West Africa and coffee beans in Ethiopia, but their crops were not as good as Eurasia. Most African societies also caught Eurasian diseases like smallpox, although the Khoisan in South Africa did not.
New Guinea: New Guinea was one of the first places to begin farming, with crops such as bananas. However, their crops were not as useful as Eurasian crops or maize, so this farming did not spread far. Because it already had farming societies, New Guinea was one of the few islands in the area that was not settled by Austronesians. The people did get some things from the other islands, such as chickens and Eurasian diseases.
Australia: Australia is the smallest continent. This is one reason why the Australian Aborigines did not domesticate any crops or animals. Although the Aborgines did trade with farmers in New Guinea and Indonesia, they did not start growing their crops. This was because they were far away and because the climate was different in Australia. The Aborigines also did not have Eurasian diseases.
Other Southeast Asian and Pacific islands: Apart from the areas with New Guinean farming, these areas either had no humans or hunter-gatherers until the Austronesian farmers came. The Austronesians probably came from Taiwan. From 3000 BC to 1500 BC, the Austronesians used their boats to sail across the oceans. Some of the last islands that humans reached were Hawaii around 500 AD and New Zealand around 1300 AD. These were reached by Austronesians hundreds of years before European explorers. Some Austronesians did have Eurasian diseases, in places like Indonesia, but those who lived further away in the Pacific Islands did not have Eurasian diseases.
Inventions

Diamond believes that farming was important because humans had to start farming before they could invent things like cities, metal, the wheel and writing. Farming led to humans living in larger groups, so they had to form more complicated societies. They began to live in countries rather than tribes. In a farming society, not everyone may work on a farm. Some people can do other jobs, like rulers, writers and inventors, because there is so much food. The societies with the best farming were the ones that were more likely to have inventors. This is different to a hunter-gatherer society, where everyone must help find food.
Later in the book, Diamond talks about why European countries developed more inventions than the rest of Eurasia. Because of this, some European countries were the first places to be changed by the Industrial Revolution and they also formed empires that ruled over distant lands (known as colonialism). Until the 15th century, China actually had more inventions than Europe. Diamond suggests that this changed because many European countries were in competition with each other. European countries had to keep changing and using new inventions, to avoid being conquered by other countries. Meanwhile, China was ruled as one empire that did not have to worry about this. Diamond also believes that geography affected this pattern. Geography made it hard for Europe to unite into large countries, but made it easy for China.

Science books
History books
Pulitzer Prize winners
1997 books
American literature
Argentavis magnificens is one of the two largest flying birds ever discovered. This bird, sometimes called the giant teratorn, is an extinct species. It has been found at three sites from the late Miocene of central and northwestern Argentina. A good sample of fossils has been found.

Estimates:
 Wingspan:  about 7 m (23 ft)
 Wing area: 8.11 m² (87.3 ft²)
 Wing loading: 84.6 N/m²
 Body length: 1.26 m (4.1 ft)
 Height: 1.7–2 m (5.6–6.6 ft)
 Mass: 70–72 kg (154–171.6 lb)

Related pages 
Teratorn

References 

Extinct birds
Fossils
Megafauna
Joseph Curtis "Joe" Hennig (born October 1, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name Curtis Axel and previous ring name Michael McGillicutty. He currently works for the WWE. He is a former Intercontinental Champion and former WWE Tag Team Champion with David Otunga. He was also a member of The New Nexus  which was led by CM Punk.

Axel was born in Champlin, Minnesota. His father was "Mr. Perfect" Curt Hennig and his grandfather is Larry "The Axe" Hennig. He chose his ring name Curtis Axel as a tribute to them.
Championships
Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship (one time)
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Heath Miller (one), Brett DiBiase (one) and Kaval (one))
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Rookie of the Year (2008)
PWI Feud of the Year (2010) (The Nexus vs. WWE)
PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2010) (as part of The Nexus)
He was ranked #47 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.
World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
WWE Intercontinental Championship (one time)
WWE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with David Otunga)
Slammy Award for Shocker of the Year (2010) (The debut of The Nexus)

References

Other websites

1979 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Minnesota
WWE wrestlers
Insider trading means the trading of public companies' stocks and other assets on stock markets using secret information.  This is done by getting people who have confidential or non-public facts about how much a stock is really worth to tell traders so they can buy or sell to make profit and manipulate that particular  

stock. A stock could be worth more or less than the public knows, depending on how well a company is doing in making money, new innovations, sales and demand. 

In many countries, insider trading with secret information is against the law.

Some economists think insider trading should be allowed.

References

Organized crime

Property crimes
Financial crimes
Arlene Francis (or Arline Francis Kazanjian; October 20, 1907 – May 31, 2001) was an American actress and radio talk show host. She hosted What's My Line? from 1950 to 1975. She was also a stage performer.

Francis was born in New York City. She died in San Francisco from Alzheimer's disease caused by cancer.

References

Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Cancer deaths in San Francisco
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
1907 births
2001 deaths
Frances Bean Cobain (born August 18, 1992) is an American visual artist and former model. She was born in Los Angeles. She is the only child of Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love.

References

American artists
Models from Los Angeles
1992 births
Living people
Isaac Vorsah (born 21 June 1988) is a Ghanaian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

Career
He began his career at Oscar FC in Kpando, Ghana and FC Maamobi. He transferred to Gamba All Blacks F.C. in 2005. In January 2007 Asante Kotoko bought Vorsah. The German team TSG 1899 Hoffenheim offered him a trial. After the trial he was loaned until 30 June 2008. On 1 April 2008 TSG 1899 Hoffenheim bought him and he signed until 30 June 2011. For Hoffenheim he played 106 times and shot 4 goals. He moved to Red Bull Salzburg in August 2012. After he came back from the Africa Cup 2013 he was injured badly and missed the 2013/14 season.

International
Vorsah played his first match for Ghana in 2007 against Senegal. For Ghana he played the Africa Cup 2010 and 2013. He was also part of the team for the FIFA World Championship 2010. In total he played 16 matches for Ghana.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Accra
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Ghanaian footballers
The leopard danio (Brachydanio rerio or Brachydanio frankei) is a species of freshwater fish. They are native to India.

In the aquarium
The leopard danio is an active fish that likes to live in shoals (groups). They are peaceful fish. They are often kept in community fish tanks. They grow to about 40–50 mm. They like to live in a water temperature of about 18–25 °C.

Diet
Leopard danios are omnivores. In the wild, they mostly eat invertebrates. In tanks, they can eat bloodworms, brine shrimp and flake foods.

References

Other websites
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/fish/leoparddanio.php
http://www.aquaticstoyourdoor.co.uk/Leopard-Danio.html 

Cypriniformes
Freshwater fish
Aquarium fish
Elizabeth Jane Howard, Lady Amis, CBE, FRSL (26 March 1923 – 2 January 2014) was an English novelist. Before being a writer, Howard was an actress and a model.

Howard died at the age of 90, at her home in Bungay, Suffolk.

Personal life 
She married Sir Peter Scott in 1942. They had a daughter, Nicola (born 1943). Howard left Scott in 1946 and they divorced in 1951. 

Her second marriage to Jim Douglas-Henry in 1958 was brief. Her third marriage to novelist Sir Kingsley Amis lasted from 1965 until their divorce in 1983. Her stepson, Martin Amis, has said that she encouraged him to become a more serious reader and writer.

References

Other websites 

1923 births
2014 deaths
English novelists
Writers from London
Malin Maria Åkerman (born 12 May 1978) is a Swedish-Canadian actress. She acted in 27 Dresses in 2008 and in Watchmen in 2009. She also does singing and modeling. She played Kate Harrison in the ABC comedy Trophy Wife.

She will appear as Claire Wyden in the 2018 science fiction movie Rampage.

Åkerman was born in Stockholm. She moved to Canada at age two and was raised partly in Sweden and partly in Ontario.

References

Actors from Ontario
Canadian models
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Actors from Stockholm
Swedish voice actors
Swedish models
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
1978 births
Living people
Joost van der Westhuizen (20 February 1971 – 6 February 2017) was a South African former rugby union player. He played as a scrum-half for the national team. He played in the 1995 and 1999 Rugby World Cups. 

On 12 May 2011, van der Westhuizen's publicist announced that he had a muscle-related neural disease. It was believed to be a form of motor neurone disease. Doctors at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States have since confirmed that he had motor neurone disease. They believed he had only a 20% chance of living for two to five years.

On 6 February 2017, van der Westhuizen died at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa from complications of motor neurone disease, aged 45.

References

Other websites

 J9 Foundation 

1971 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in South Africa
Sportspeople from Pretoria
South African rugby union players
The Great Seal of the State of Missouri is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Missouri. It was officially adopted on January 11, 1822. The center of the seal has two bears with the motto: "United we stand, divided we fall". The outer circle has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Missouri".

The year 1820 is shown in Roman numerals. Missouri, however, did not become a state until August 1821.

Missouri
Missouri
1822 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Missouri
The Great Seal of the State of Iowa is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Iowa. It was created in 1847, one year after Iowa became a state. The seal shows a soldier over fields of wheat surrounded by symbols important to Iowa's history. They include transportation, farms and mining.

The seal has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Iowa" around the outside.

Iowa became a state on December 28th, 1846. Before joining the Union, it was a territory. Iowa had a long history in civil rights. The territory was decades ahead of other territories and states. As part of its process in becoming a state, Iowa determined a motto that says this: 'Our Liberties We Prize and Our Rights We Will Maintain'.

Iowa
Iowa
1847 establishments in Iowa
The Great Seal of the State of Louisiana is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Louisiana. It was adopted in 1902.

It has four pelicans (one adult, the other three are little). Mother Pelican wounds her breast to feed her young. "Union, justice, confidence" are the words of the motto surrounding these four pelicans.

The wording "State of Louisiana" is on the outer edge of the seal.

Louisiana
Louisiana
1902 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Louisiana
The state seal of Arkansas was adopted in 1864. It was changed to its present style on May 23, 1907. The inner seal contains an Angel of Mercy, Sword of Justice and Goddess of Liberty around a bald eagle.

The outer ring has the words "Great Seal of the State of Arkansas".

Arkansas
Arkansas
1864 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Arkansas
Luhman 16 is a binary brown dwarf in the southern constellation Vela at 6.6 light-years from the Sun. It is also known as WISE 1049-5319.

These are the nearest known brown dwarfs to the Solar System, and the closest system discovered since Barnard's Star in 1916. 

The primary has a stellar classification of L8 ± 1, and the secondary is probably near the L/T transition. The pair orbit each other at a distance of about 3 AU with an orbital period of about 25 years.

References 

Binary stars
Springhill is a city in the north of Louisiana. It is next to the border with Arkansas. The city was originally called "Barefoot".

Its local government was set up in 1902.

1902 establishments in the United States
Ark-La-Tex
Cities in Louisiana
Settlements in Webster Parish, Louisiana
Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was the first daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr.. She was also the sister of Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King and Bernice Albertine King.

Yolanda's father was killed when she was only 12 years old. On April 4, 1968, the day that he was killed, her mother got a phone call from Jesse Jackson. Yolanda was the only one of her four brothers and sisters to realize that their father had been killed. She went to his funeral and tried to act like her mother after that. She graduated from her high school when she was 16 years old.

She got bullied when she went to Smith College because she was her father's daughter, and did not know how to deal with the issue. She got over the bullying by reading his books and started thinking he was correct on his views when he was alive. After finishing her first year at the college, she went back home and at that point her grandmother Alberta Williams King was shot and killed.
She died on May 15, 2007 after talking to her brother Dexter and falling in his home due to a heart disease.

References

1955 births
2007 deaths
African-American people
People from Montgomery, Alabama
The Giver is a science fiction movie that will be released August 2014. It is about the sacrifices of humanity. This movie was based on the book of the same name.

2010s action movies
2010s drama movies
2014 movies
Dystopian movies
Viva Bianca (or Viva Skubiszewski; 17 November 1983) is an Australian actress. She stars on the television show Spartacus. She was also on other shows.

Her maiden name is pronounced scooby-shev-ski. She is from Victoria.

References

1983 births
Living people
Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
Actors from Victoria (Australia)
Serena is a drama movie that will be released in April 2014. The story is about a wife that cannot have children. Jennifer Lawrence plays Serena, Bradley Cooper plays her husband George. The movie is based on the novel Serena (2008) by Ron Rash.

References 

2014 drama movies
American drama movies
French drama movies
Dirk Sager (August 13, 1940 – January 2, 2014) was a German journalist. He was a member of P.E.N.. He worked for German broadcaster ZDF from 1968.

Sager was born in Hamburg. He studied at Free University Berlin.

He died in Potsdam from a stroke. He was aged 73.

Awards
 1997: Deutscher Kritikerpreis (together with Friedhelm Brebeck and Friedrich Schreiber)
 2002: Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Award

References

Other websites
 
 Dirk Sager - ZDF trauert um Reporter Dirk Sager  

1940 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
German journalists
People from Hamburg
Herman Pieter de Boer (9 February 1928 – 1 January 2014), also known as Johnny Austerlitz, was a Dutch writer, journalist and lyricist. He began his career during the late 1950s, and continued for more than 55 years. During this time, he wrote over 65 novels.

De Boer was born in Rotterdam, South Holland. He was married twice during his life. He also had a long relationship with Dutch singer-songwriter Lenny Kuhr from 1981 to 1993.

He died at the age of 85 after a long illness, in Eindhoven, North Brabant.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2014 deaths
Dutch journalists
Dutch songwriters
Writers from Rotterdam
Lee Louis Daniels (born December 24, 1959) is an American actor, movie producer and director.  He produced Monster's Ball and directed the movie Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire. 

He has received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Director for Precious. The movie won two of the awards.

In 2013, Daniels directed The Butler, a historical drama about the White House and its presidents during the 20th century. The movie had an ensemble cast. It received positive reviews and became a box office success.

Daniels lives in New York City. He is openly gay and adopted his biological niece and nephew.

References

Other websites

 Lee Daniels Entertainment website
 
 NPR interview
 Blackfilm.com interview
 IndependentFilm.com interview
 Gay Life biography
1959 births
Living people
Actors from Philadelphia
American movie actors
American television producers
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
LGBT producers
American LGBT writers
Movie directors from Pennsylvania
Movie producers from Pennsylvania
Eugene Allen (July 14, 1919 – March 31, 2010) was an American waiter and butler. He worked for the White House for 34 years until he retired in 1986. He served eight presidents of the United States. He began working at the White House in 1952. Allen's life was the inspiration for the movie The Butler, released in 2013.

Allen earned the highest rank of butlers serving in the White House. At the Maître d'hôtel in 1981, President Ronald Reagan invited Allen and his wife Helene to a state dinner at the White House. The dinner was in honor of Helmut Kohl.

Allen was born in Scottsville, Virginia on July 14, 1919. He received no formal schooling. He began working as a waiter at a pool club. Allen met his wife Helene in 1942. They had a son, Charles Allen. Helene wanted to vote for Barack Obama in 2008, but she died the day before the election, on November 3, 2008. 

Allen died at a hospital in Takoma Park, Maryland, from kidney failure. He was aged 90.

References
References

Other websites
The Independent: Eugene Allen: White House butler who worked for eight US presidents

1919 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
African-American people
People from Alexandria, Virginia
People from Takoma Park, Maryland
Phyllis Dorothy James, Baroness James of Holland Park, OBE, FRSA, FRSL (3 August 1920 – 27 November 2014) was an English writer of crime fiction. She was commonly known as P. D. James, which was the name her books are published under. She was most famous for a series of detective novels starring policeman and poet Adam Dalgliesh.

James was a life peer in the House of Lords. James died peacefully at her home in Oxford on 27 November 2014, aged 94.

References

Other websites

The British Council's Contemporary Writers. Accessed 2010-09-15
Faber and Faber (U.K.), publisher. Accessed 2010-09-15
Random House (U.S.), publisher. Accessed 2010-09-15
Penguin Books (U.K.), publisher . Accessed 2010-09-15

1920 births
2014 deaths
English novelists
Members of the House of Lords
Writers from Oxford
Crime writers
Robert James "Bob" Keeshan (June 27, 1927 – January 23, 2004) was an American television producer and actor. He is known for his role as the title character of the children's television program Captain Kangaroo. It became an icon for millions of people during its 30-year run from 1955 to 1984.

Keeshan also played the original "Clarabell the Clown" on the Howdy Doody television program.

Keeshan died in Windsor, Vermont from a heart attack. He was aged 76.

References

Other websites

Biography of Bob Keeshan
 

1927 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American television presenters
American television personalities
American entertainers
American television actors
Actors from New York (state)
John Spencer (December 20, 1946 – December 16, 2005) was an American actor. He was best known for playing White House Chief of Staff Leo McGarry on the successful television series The West Wing. He won an Emmy Award for this role in 2002.

Spencer died of a heart attack in a hospital in Los Angeles. He was aged 58.

References

Other websites

October 16, 2004 Interview with John Spencer , Tavis Smiley Show

1946 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from New Jersey
Emmy Award winning actors
Bernard Aloysius Kiernan "Barnard" Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. Hughes became famous for having many random roles. He was known for being cast as a grandfather or elderly figure on television.

Hughes died in New York City, from natural causes. He was aged 90.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

Emmy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Drama Desk Award winners
1915 births
2006 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York (state)
Mackenzie Christine Foy (born November 10, 2000) is an American model and actress. She is best known for her role as Renesmee Cullen, the daughter of Bella Swan and Edward Cullen, in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2. Her role as Renesmee earned her a Young Artist Award for Best Supporting Young Actress in a Feature Film.

Mackenzie Foy was born in Los Angeles.

References

Other websites

 

2000 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Models from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Jake T. Austin (born Jake Austin Szymanski; December 3, 1994) is an American movie, television and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Max Russo on Wizards of Waverly Place and as Diego on Go, Diego, Go!. He also appeared in Hotel for Dogs and Rio.   

Austin was born Jake Austin Szymanski in New York City. He is of Puerto Rican, Argentine, Spanish, Polish, Irish, and English descent.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1994 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
The Communist Party of India, abbreviated as CPI, is a political party in India. It was founded in the British era in 1925 at Kanpur. The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, then Cawnpore. S.V.Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI. D. Raja is the current General Secretary of CPI.

Political parties in India
Communist parties in Asia
20th-century establishments in India
Tomáš Plekanec (born October 31, 1982) is a Czech professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL).

Plekanec was born in Kladno, Czechoslovakia.

Career
Before playing the NHL, Plekanec played two seasons with HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens with the 71st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He played two seasons with their affiliate in the American Hockey League (AHL), Hamilton Bulldogs. He played two games and then stayed in Hamilton for a third AHL season because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. Since the 2005-06 NHL season, he has been part of the Canadiens.

On June 22, 2010, he signed a contract to play with the Canadiens for six years. He will be paid CA$30 million. During the 2012–13 NHL lockout, he played for his former team HC Kladno.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1982 births
Living people
American Hockey League players
Czech ice hockey players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Montreal Canadiens players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Ice hockey centres
Roman Raymond Frederick (July 31, 1929 - August 23, 2001) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Frederick played a total of 5 games in the NHL with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1954-55 NHL season.

Career
He started his ice hockey career with the Fort Frances Canadians of the Northern Hockey League. He then played 2 seasons in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League where he played for the Brandon Wheat Kings. After his time with the Wheat Kings was done, he moved on to play in the Western Canada Senior Hockey League with the Edmonton Flyers for 2 seasons.

He then played 1 season with the Chicoutimi Sagueneens of the Quebec Senior Hockey League, 1 season with the Charlottetown Islanders of the Maritime Major Hockey League and 3 seasons with the Ottawa Senators of the Quebec Senior Hockey League. He played a seasons in the American Hockey League with the Buffalo Bisons and 5 games with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. He retired from professional ice hockey in 1958.
Other websites

1929 births
2001 deaths
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
The Gangetic Plains is the large space of level land that is made by the Ganges River in the northern parts of India and the border surrounding areas of the Himalayas. It is an important part of the countries of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Its space of about  is the home of about 1 billion persons (about one in every seven persons alive today).

Its western edge is the Thar Desert; its northern edge is the Himalaya Mountains, the highest mountains on Earth; its eastern edge is the Ganges Delta of Bangladesh, the largest River delta in the world; and its southern edge is made by the Vindhya Mountains and Satpura Range and Chota Nagpur Plateau of middle India.

The area has fertile land for agriculture, adequate water supply and favourable climate. It is known as a Cradle of civilization.

Geography of India
Geography of Nepal
Geography of Bangladesh
Plains
Road safety is safety in using roads. Most years, traffic collisions kill about a million people worldwide. There are ways to make this less common, so roads will be safer for motor traffic, cyclists and pedestrians. It involves rules such as speed limits and those about drinking and driving, and control systems such as traffic lights and crossings. These are used to increase safety and reduce the chance of accidents.

References 

 

Road transport
Safety
Tata Steel Limited (formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited or TISCO) is an Indian multinational steel-making company. Their headquarters are in Mumbai. Tata is a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It was the 12th-largest steel-making company in the world in 2012. It can make about 23.8 million tonnes of crude steel each year. They are the largest private sector steel company in India measured by domestic production.

References 

Companies of India
Tata Group
A prince du sang (prince of the blood) was a member of the extended French Royal Family. This meant that all people except females that were princes of the blood would be entitled to inherit the throne only if every male member of the immediate royal family had died. The main princes of the blood were known as the Prince of Conti and the Prince of Condé as well as the more significant Duke of Orléans. The prince of the blood was entitled to be styled Serene Highness () but it was used in writing only. A majority of the princes of the blood had their own apartments at the Palace of Versailles as well as their own townhouses in Paris

Famous princes of the blood
Louis Philippe I. One time Duke of Orléans and late King of the French.
Philippe Égalité.
Le Grand Condé. Famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
Le Grand Conti. Famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, Prince of Condé Prime Minister to Louis XV.

Order of precedence at court
The King.
 The Queen.
 The Dauphin of France (title of the heir to the throne) 
 The wife of the Dauphin. (called the Dauphine.) 
 The children of the reigning monarch.
 The children of the previous monarch
 The Princes of the blood. (The Duke of Orléans followed by the Prince of Condé then the Prince of Conti. 
 The nobility. For example, Dukes (duc), then Counts (comte), other titles such as baron & Chevalier.

Related pages
Prince of Conti
Prince of Condé
Duke of Orléans
Count of Soissons
Condé
Premier Prince du Sang

Ranks in the old Kingdom of France
Edward Williams Clay (April 17, 1799 – December 31, 1857) was an American artist. He made a lot of different types of art. He made paintings and cartoons. He was also a printmaker.

Early life

Edward Williams Clay was born in the year 1799. He was born in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. His father was a sea captain. His name was Robert Clay. His mother was named Eliza Williams. Clay went to law school. He joined the Pennsylvania Bar Association. He became an engraver when he was in school. He didn't work as a lawyer very long. He decided to quit and become an artist for a living.

Work as an artist