Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Jesus water miracle is the so called miracle in which statue of Jesus was weeping at Mumbai. People rushed to collect the 'holy water' and thus, police were called to manage the situation. Later, Indian rationalist, Sanal Edamaruku had proved that the so called holy water was actually weeping due to faulty sewage system.

References 

Superstitions
Asian culture
The Hôpital Sainte-Périne - Rossini - Chardon-Lagache is a well-known hospital in Paris. It was created in 1807. It is a partner of Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

References

Further reading 
   Hôpital Sainte-Périne - Rossini - Chardon-Lagache

19th-century establishments in France
1800s establishments in Europe
1807 establishments
Hospitals in Paris
The windshield (American English) or windscreen (Commonwealth English) is the front window of a vehicle. It lets drivers see out while at the same time protecting passengers and the driver from weather. Aircraft, cars, buses, motorbikes or trams can all have windshields. 

Windshields on cars and aircraft are designed to protect the vehicle against wind and flying debris (such as dust, rocks, and insects). Windshields on motorbikes are designed to shield the driver from wind, though it doesn't protect as much as other vehicle windshields do.

Modern windshields are generally made of laminated safety glass, a type of treated glass. The laminated safety glass used for vehicles is made of two curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer between them. This laminated safety glass is then joined into the window frame. 

Motorbike windshields are different to the ones found on cars or aircraft. Motorbike windshields are often made of high-impact polycarbonate or acrylic plastic.

History
History

Before laminated safety glass, vehicles used ordinary window glass as a windshield. However, ordinary window glass can shatter if the vehicle had a massive physical impact, which would produce flying sharp pieces of glass that can injure people. On 1917, Henry Ford developed the laminated safety glass from the French, which would help prevent broken glass from shattering. Modern windshields were developed from Ford's developments.

Other websites

Vehicles
Windows (architecture)
In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period or "Meso-Indian period" in North America, starts from about 8000 BC, and it ends at about 1000 BC. In the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development.  
The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies. These economies were supported through the use of nuts, seeds, and shellfish. Because it ended when people started using sedentary farming, this date can be different by a lot across the Americas.

The rest of the Americas also have an Archaic Period.
Classifications
This classification system was first proposed by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips in the widely accepted 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology.
 
In the organization of the system, the Archaic period is after the Lithic stage. THe Archaic period is before the Formative stage.
 The Lithic stage
 The Archaic stage
 The Formative stage
 The Classic stage
 The Post-Classic stage

References

More Reading

History of North America
Thatching is building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, reeds, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, heather, or palm branches. The vegetation is put on top of each other so as to make sure water stays away from the inner roof.

Thatch can occasionally catch fire. This is one reason for its replacement by slates in modern buildings. Ceramic slates for roofing can be made by industry, and have replaced natural slates in modern housing. Thatched rooves were once a source of fires, but slates are fireproof. That explains the gradual decline in thatched rooves.

Roofs
Natural materials
Orzens is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Provence is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Rances is the name of two places in Europe:
 Rances, Aube, a commune in the Aube department in north-central France
 Rances, Switzerland, a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland
Rances is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Fort Orleans (sometimes referred to Fort D'Orleans) was a French fort in colonial North America. It was the first fort on the Missouri River built by any Europeans on the Missouri River. It was built near the mouth of the Grand River near present-day Brunswick. The fort was occupied from 1723 to 1726. It was the first multi-year European settlement in what is today the U.S. state of Missouri.

History
The fort was built on November 9, 1723. 40 French soldiers were supposed to be there.

References

Other websites
 Drawing c. 1745 of the fort 
 Kansas City Public Library Quarterly, Vol. IX, No. 3 (July 1909), p. 78
 "Plan for Fort Orleans" , Louisiana Digital Libraries
 Historic marker

History of Missouri
Forts in the United States
Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont (April 1679 – 1734) was a French explorer. He wrote about his travels on the Missouri and Platte rivers in North America. He made the first European maps of these areas in the early 18th century. He wrote two accounts of his travels, which included descriptions of the Native American tribes he encountered. In 1723, he built Fort Orleans, the first European fort on the Missouri River, near the mouth of the Grand River and present-day Brunswick, Missouri. In 1724, he led an expedition to the Great Plains of Kansas to create trading relations with the Padouca (Apache Indians).

Other websites
 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Bourgmont, Etienne Veniard de 

1679 births
1734 deaths
The 37th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude, the sun can be seen for 14 hours, 42 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 37 minutes during the winter solstice. This is about the northern limit of the visibility of Canopus, the second-brightest star of the night sky.

Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 37° north passes through:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" style="width:125px;"| Co-ordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Tunis
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Cap Bon
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Strait of Sicily, passing just north of the island of Pantelleria, 
|- valign="top"
|
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Sicily— Province of Ragusa— Province of Siracusa
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Ionian Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Peloponnese (Messenia)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Ionian Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Messenian Gulf
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Peloponnese— Messenia— Laconia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Myrtoan Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Sifnos
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Islands of Antiparos and Paros
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Naxos
|-
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Levitha
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Kalymnos
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing through Adana and Nizip
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Şemdinli district (For about 7 km)
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Caspian Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Gilgit-Baltistan - claimed by 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Xinjiang - for about 14 km
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Gilgit-Baltistan - for about 14 km, claimed by 
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Xinjiang  Qinghai  Gansu  Ningxia  Gansu  Shaanxi  Shanxi  Hebei  Shandong
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Yellow Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| South Chungcheong Province Gyeonggi ProvinceNorth Chungcheong ProvinceNorth Gyeongsang Province
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Sea of Japan
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Honshū:— Ishikawa Prefecture
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Sea of Japan
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Toyama Bay
|- valign="top"
|
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Honshū:— Niigata Prefecture— Nagano Prefecture— Niigata Prefecture— Gunma Prefecture − for around 10 km— Niigata Prefecture − for around 7 km— Fukushima Prefecture— Tochigi Prefecture— Ibaraki Prefecture— Fukushima Prefecture
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| California (landfall near Santa Cruz) Nevada Utah / Arizona border Colorado / New Mexico border Colorado / Oklahoma border Kansas / Oklahoma border Missouri Illinois (at its southernmost point) Kentucky Virginia - passing through Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (specifically, the bridge between the two tunnels)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Santa Maria Island in the Azores
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Sagres Point
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Cape Santa Maria
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Cádiz
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
United States

In the United States, the parallel is the southern borders of Utah, Colorado, and Kansas, and the northern borders of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. The border comes from the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 when Congress divided Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska north of the 37th parallel. They gave the rest to the Indian Territory to the south.

References

Lines of latitude
Villars-sous-Champvent was a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The former municipalities of Essert-sous-Champvent and Villars-sous-Champvent merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Champvent.

References

Other websites

2010s disestablishments in Switzerland
2012 disestablishments in Europe
Former municipalities of Vaud
The 40th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude, the sun can be seen for 15 hours, 1 minute during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 20 minutes during the winter solstice.

Around the world
Starting in Spain at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 40° north passes through:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="125" | Co-ordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Valencian Community
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of Majorca, 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Menorca
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Sardinia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Tyrrhenian Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|Campania
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Policastro
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|Basilicata, Calabria
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Taranto
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Apulia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Strait of Otranto
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|Passing just north of Sarandë and just south of Gjirokastër
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Kassandra and Sithonia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Lemnos
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing just north of Ankara
|-
| 
! scope="row" |
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing through Verin Artashat and Norashen, Ararat
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing through Nagorno-Karabakh
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Caspian Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| For about 9 km
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Sokh exclave - for about 7 km
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Shohimardon exclave - for about 4 km
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Xinjiang  Gansu  Inner Mongolia  Shanxi  Hebei  Beijing (passing just north of the city centre)  Hebei  Tianjin  Hebei  Liaoning (for about 8 km)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Liaodong Bay, Yellow Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Liaoning (Liaodong Peninsula)
|-
| 
! scope="row" |
| 
! scope="row" | 
|North Pyeongan Province - Passing through Sinuiju Jagang ProvinceSouth Hamgyeong Province - Passing just north of Hamheung
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Sea of Japan
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Mayang Island
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Sea of Japan
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Honshū— Akita Prefecture— Iwate Prefecture
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| California - passing though Cooks Valley Nevada Utah Colorado Nebraska / Kansas border Missouri Illinois Indiana Ohio - passing just north of Columbus West Virginia Pennsylvania - passing through Philadelphia New Jersey
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of Corvo Island, Azores, 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing near Pombal and Covilhã
|-
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Extremadura Castile-La Mancha Community of Madrid - for about 10 km Castile-La Mancha Valencian Community - Rincón de Ademuz exclave, for about 4 km Castile-La Mancha - for about 5 km Aragon Valencian Community
|}
United States

The parallel 40° north forms the boundary between the states of Kansas and Nebraska.  On 30 May 1854, the Kansas–Nebraska Act created the Territory of Kansas and the Territory of Nebraska divided by the parallel 40° north.

References

n40
Sainte-Croix is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Suscévaz is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Treycovagnes is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Tony Xia () is a Chinese businessman and the former chairman of English football team, Aston Villa F.C.

1976 births
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Chinese businesspeople
Ursins is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
The parallel 36°30′ north is a circle of latitude that is 36 and one-half degrees north of the equator of the Earth. This parallel of latitude is very important in the history of the United States. This is because it was the line of the Missouri Compromise, which was used to divide the slave and free states west of the Mississippi River, with the exception of Missouri, which is mostly north of this parallel.

Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 36°30′ north passes through:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" style="width:125px;"| Co-ordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of Sicily, 
|-
| 
! scope="row" |  
| Mani Peninsula, island of Elafonisos and Cape Malea
|- valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of Folegandros,  Passing just north of the island of Santorini,  Passing just south of the island of Astypalaia, 
|-
| 
! scope="row" |  
| Island of Kandelioussa
|- valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of Nisyros,  Passing just north of the island of Tilos,  Passing just south of the island of Symi,  Passing just north of the island of Rhodes, 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Antalya
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of İskenderun
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Gilgit-Baltistan – claimed by 
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Xinjiang Qinghai – passing just south of Xining  Gansu Ningxia Gansu Shaanxi Shanxi Hebei Shandong 
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Yellow Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |Passing through Anmyeon Island,   Passing through Cheonsu Bay
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|South Chungcheong Province North Chungcheong Province - Passing through Mount Songni  North Gyeongsang Province
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Sea of Japan
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of Dōgo, 
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Honshū:– Ishikawa Prefecture– Toyama Prefecture– Nagano Prefecture– Gunma Prefecture– Tochigi Prefecture– Ibaraki Prefecture
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|- valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| California Nevada Arizona New Mexico Oklahoma / Texas border Oklahoma Missouri / Arkansas border Missouri Kentucky (Kentucky Bend) / Tennessee border (for about 5 km) Missouri (for about 5 km) Kentucky / Tennessee border Tennessee North Carolina
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing through Cádiz and Marbella
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
Valeyres-sous-Rances is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Lyle E. Yost (March 5, 1913 – April 5, 2012) was an American agriculture equipment manufacturer and inventor.

Yost was the designer and inventor of the 1947 unloading auger, the catalyst for the development of Hesston Manufacturing in Hesston, Kansas. The device was used to unload grain from farm combines.  The company's controlling stake was sold to Italian corporation Fiat Trattori in 1977. Fiat Trattori bought the rest of Hesston Manufacturing in 1987.  In 1991, a year after being created, AGCO Corporation bought the rights to Hesston Manufacturing.

Yost's success in the agriculture industry led to multiple awards and accolades. This included articles of his success in Fortune and Forbes.

References

Other websites
 
 Uncovering the Hesston Story: Lyle Yost  AGCO official website and blog

1913 births
2012 deaths
AGCO Corporation is an American agricultural equipment manufacturer. Their headquarters are in Duluth, Georgia, United States.

History

AGCO was created in 1990 when executives at Deutz-Allis bought out Deutz-Allis North American operations from the parent corporation KHD (Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz). KHD was a German company that owned the Deutz-Fahr brand of agriculture equipment. KHD had bought parts of the Allis-Chalmers agricultural equipment business five years earlier.
In March 1991, AGCO bought the Hesston Corporation. Because of this, they gained hay and forage equipment as well as technologies such as the grain auger (used to unload grain quickly from combines), invented in 1947 by Lyle Yost. Hesston had a 50 percent joint venture with Case International, now a part of CNH Global. AGCO bought the White Tractor line from the Allied Corporation's White-New Idea company. In 1993, AGCO bought the rest of White-New Idea, gaining New Idea hay equipment and manure spreaders, and White planters. White New Idea had a big manufacturing plant in Coldwater, Ohio, USA.

In 2013, AGCO’s GSI acquired Johnson System, a manufacturer of catwalks and towers. 

In 2017, AGCO acquired Precision Planting, LLC, a planting equipment and technology business.

References

Other websites
 
 AGCO (official website)
 AGCO SEC Filings

Companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
1990 establishments in the United States
Manufacturing companies of the United States
Valeyres-sous-Ursins is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Vallorbe is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Vaulion is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Vuiteboeuf is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Aerial views
 

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Yvonand is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official municipality website 
 Municipality Information 
 
Geography and History of Yvonand
 Aerial photographs of the village
 VD8 Campsite

Municipalities in Jura-Nord vaudois
Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne is a municipality in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a suburb of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities in Lausanne
Epalinges is a municipality of the district of Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities in Lausanne
Jouxtens-Mézery is a municipality in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities in Lausanne
Le Mont-sur-Lausanne is a municipality in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official Homepage 

Municipalities in Lausanne
Romanel-sur-Lausanne is a municipality of the district Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official Homepage 

Municipalities in Lausanne
The 1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game was a college football game between the Central Missouri State Mules and the Southwestern Moundbuilders. It was played on September 14, 1951. The game was played at Sonner Stadium in Winfield, Kansas. The game is known for a team rejecting a touchdown awarded by the game officials.

Central Missouri's head coach Tate C. Page called it "the finest act of sportsmanship" that he ever saw. In the third quarter, Southwestern halfback Arthur Johnson completed a long run down the sidelines nearest Southwestern's bench. The referee signaled a touchdown. The crowd of 2,000 cheered.
Southwestern's head coach Harold Hunt ran out on the field to shout, "Southwestern rejects the touchdown!" He then told the officials that Johnson had stepped out of bounds. This would undo the touchdown. None of the referees had seen this happen, but they agreed to undo the touchdown. They put the ball back to the place where Coach Hunt said Johnson had stepped out. A photo of the run later showed Coach Hunt was correct. It was published in the Winfield Daily Courier.

Referee W. P. Astle noted that there had been only three officials at the game instead of the regulation four.  He later said, "If the fourth official had been present to cover what was impossible for me to cover ... I would never have discovered the ‘biggest’ man I ever met."

Southwestern's Coach Hunt was nominated for "Football's Man of the Year" by This Week magazine. This was because he showed so much sportsmanship.

References

College football
1951 in sports
1950s in the United States
Accomplishments
The school boasts the following accomplishments:
 143 KCAC Championships in 10 different sports since 1960
 15 NAIA All-America Scholar-Athletes in 2005–06
 SC finished 77th out of nearly 300 NAIA institutions in the United States Sports Academy Directors Cup for all sports in 2006.
 Seven KCAC Championships this past year in Softball, Men's Golf, Men's and Women's Track, Men's Basketball, and Men's and Women's Cross Country.
 NAIA Region IV titles in Men's Cross Country, Men's and Women's Golf to advance to NAIA National competition.
 Men's Basketball won the KCAC Post-Season tournament and advanced to the National Tournament.
 Women's Track and Men's Track each had National Champions in 2004.
 An SC student-athlete was featured in Sports Illustrated's "Faces in the Crowd" in 2006.
 Women's Tennis and Women's Cross Country were NAIA Region IV runners-up in 2005–06.
 In excess of 170 NAIA All-America Scholar Athletes since 1981, an honor requiring a 3.5 GPA.
Women's Basketball advanced to the "Sweet 16" of the 2004 NAIA National Tournament.
 Conference champions in football in 1997, 1998, 1999.
 Men's and Women's soccer teams advanced to the semi-finals in the 2003 KCAC Post-Season tournament.
References

Sports organizations of the United States
The 1905 Washburn vs. Fairmount football game was a college football game between Fairmount College (now called Wichita State University) and the Washburn Ichabods. It was played on December 25, 1905, in Wichita, Kansas. It was the first experiment with the forward pass. It was also the first experiment with the ten-yard requirement for first downs. It is unclear if the game was considered "regular season", "post season", or "exhibition" in classification.

Game play
Fairmount college was coached by Willis Bates. The head coach for Washburn that season was John H. Outland. However, since he was officiating, it is likely that the coaching job was given to assistant coach (and next year's head coach) Garfield Weede. The game ended in a 0–0 tie.
The weather for the game were good, but neither side was able to get close to the other team's goal except by a punt. Only seven first downs were made the entire game—four by Washburn and three by Fairmount. Most of the game was played in the middle of the field. The fans were upset.

New rule test

Safer but not "conducive"
Both teams had played a previous game that same season. What made this second game different was that it was a test of a different way to play. During the game, each team's offense was required to gain ten yards in three downs instead of four to earn a new first down.

The experiment was considered a failure. Football legend John H. Outland officiated the game and said, "It seems to me that the distance required in three downs would almost eliminate touchdowns, except through fakes or flukes."  The Los Angeles Times said that there was much kicking and that the game was considered much safer than regular play, but that the new rule was not "conducive to the sport."
Impact
Three days later, 62 schools met in New York City to discuss rule changes to make the game safer. As a result of that meeting, the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States, later named the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), was created. Several other rule changes were made to make the game safer for players, including the addition of the forward pass.

First forward pass

In his history of the sport of football, David M. Nelson said that "the first forward passes were thrown at the end of the 1905 season in a game between Fairmount and Washburn colleges in Kansas."  Nelson says that Washburn did three passes, and Fairmount did two. Credit for the first pass goes to Fairmount's Bill Davis, who did a pass to Art Solter.

References

College football
1900s in sports
1900s in the United States
1905
Harold Seymore Hunt (December 12, 1907 – November 1, 1992) was an American football and basketball coach.  He got nationwide exposure as an example of sportsmanship when he rejected a touchdown that would have won a game for his team.

Football
Hunt was the 13th head football coach for the Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. He was coach for three seasons, from 1949 to 1951, and compiled a record of 6–18–3

Related pages
1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game

References

1907 births
1992 deaths
The Washburn Ichabods are the athletic teams that represent Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas. They are named after Ichabod Washburn. The Ichabods are a member of the NCAA Division II and the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association.

Sports sponsored

References

Sports organizations of the United States
The Independence Producers were a minor league baseball team based in Independence, Kansas, United States. They played from 1921 to 1925 and from 1928 to 1932. From 1921 to 1924, they played in the Southwestern League, and in 1925 they played in the Western Association. They played in the Western Association from 1928 to 1932 as well. The 1921 Producers were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. Perhaps their most notable alumnus was Cy Blanton. Glenn Wright, another notable Producer, made an unassisted triple play when playing Major League Baseball in 1925.

History
A historical marker says that the first night game in organized baseball was played in Independence on April 28, 1930, between the Independence Producers and the Muskogee Chiefs.

References

Baseball teams in the United States
The Sterling Warriors are the athletic teams that represent Sterling College in Sterling, Kansas. They are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). They compete in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC).

Football
Football at Sterling finished the 2009 season with a fourth-place finish in the conference. They had a 6–4 record.  Chuck Lambert is the program's current head coach, succeeding his brother Andy, the new coach at Southern Nazarene, Okla.  Notable former athletes include actor Clarence Gilyard.

During the 1905 season, the Coleman Company set up temporary gas-powered lighting for a night game against Fairmount College (now called Wichita State University). It was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won the game 24–0.

References

Sports
The AGA cooker is a heat storage stove and cooker. The heavy frame is made of cast iron and  absorbs heat from a low-intensity source. Originally, AGAs burnt coke or anthracite. Later versions used gas as the heat source.

The heat is used for cooking. It was invented and initially produced in Sweden. From 1957 all production has been in the United Kingdom.

The cast-iron parts were cast at the Coalbrookdale foundry in the 1940s.  They were still made there by the Aga Rangemaster Group until November 2017 when the company closed the site.

Owners often talk about how the AGA actually makes their homes more energy efficient. The AGA does a number of jobs: it replaces several radiators, a tumble dryer, electric kettle and toaster. It is not just a cooker.

The company which makes AGAs also makes other stoves, such as the Rayburn range.  It is the Aga Rangemaster Group, which was taken over by the US company Middleton Corporation in 2015.

Related pages 
Kitchen stove

References 

Cooking appliances
El Quartelejo, or El Cuartelejo (from Spanish cuartelejo, meaning far quarter or district), is the name given to the archeological ruins of the northernmost Indian pueblo. It is the only known pueblo in Kansas. It is in Lake Scott State Park. The ruins of the stone and adobe pueblo are north of Scott City, Kansas, on Ladder Creek.

References

Other websites
El Quartelejo Museum - Local museum named after the ruins
El Cuartelejo – “The Home Far Away”
Text of highway historical marker

National Register of Historic Places
The United States House Committee on Territories was a committee of the United States House of Representatives from 1825 to 1946 (19th to 79th Congresses). Its job was to report on a variety to topics related to the territories. This would include legislation about them, and their admission as new states.

References

United States House of Representatives
Gossens was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It became part of neighbouring Donneloye on 1 January 2008.

It is on the main road between Yverdon and Moudon. The economy is mostly agricultural.

References

Other websites

2008 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Villages in Vaud
Mézery-près-Donneloye was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2008, it joined together with Donneloye and Gossens to become one municipality called Donneloye.

References

Other websites

2008 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Villages in Vaud
Berlin Tegel Airport ()  was the main international airport of Berlin, the capital of Germany. It formerly served West Berlin. The airport had the IATA Airport Code TXL. It was referred to as the "Frequent Flyer Airport".

The airport was named after Otto Lilienthal and was the fourth busiest airport in Germany, with 20.5 million passengers in 2017 and about 22 million in 2018. The airport was a hub for Eurowings as well as a base for EasyJet. It is in Tegel, a part of the northern borough of Reinickendorf,  northwest of the city centre of Berlin.

The airport had its last flight on 8 November 2020.  Traffic was redirected to the new Berlin Brandenburg Airport until this date. Tegel was decomissioned on 4 May 2021.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 

1948 establishments in Germany
Airports in Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
Thierrens was a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become one new municipality called Montanaire.

References

Other websites

2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Montilliez is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the former municipalities of Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand and Sugnens joined together to become one new municipality called Montilliez.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Montilliez 

2011 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities in Gros-de-Vaud
William Joseph Levada (June 15, 1936 – September 26, 2019) was an American  cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. 

From May 2005 until June 2012, he was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Benedict XVI. He was the Archbishop of Portland (Oregon) from 1986 to 1995, and then Archbishop of San Francisco from 1995 to 2005. 

Levada died on September 26, 2019, in Rome at the age of 83.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
American cardinals
People from San Francisco
People from Portland, Oregon
Julius Vytautas Briedis (27 August 1940 – 22 September 2019) was a Lithuanian rower. He finished fifth and third at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics.

Briedis died on 22 September 2019 in Vilnius.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Lithuanian sportspeople
Soviet Olympic bronze medalists
Rowers
The Topeka Constitution was the first effort to create a Kansas governmental structure and write its basis in law. Free-State people passed the constitution on December 15, 1855. The constitution was sent to Washington. They really wanted the U.S. Congress to pass it. President Pierce hated the document. It was presented in the Senate by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan and in the House by Representative Daniel of Indiana. It passed the House by two votes on July 2. However, it was held in committee by the Senate. On July 8, Senator Stephen A. Douglas took up the Topeka Constitution in a bill counter to Senator Cass. Cass sent the issue back to the people of Kansas to follow the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Related pages
Lecompton Constitution
Wyandotte Constitution
Bleeding Kansas

References
 Cutler, William G. (1883). "History of the State of Kansas".

Other websites

 Transcript of PBS documentary

Bleeding Kansas
The Leavenworth Constitution was one of four Kansas state constitutions written during the era of Bleeding Kansas.  The Leavenworth Constitution was written by a convention of Free-Staters. It was the most progressive of the four proposed constitutions. Important parts of this Constitution were a Bill of Rights that referred to "all men" (making no distinction between the rights of white men and black men), making slavery in the state illegal, and a basic framework for the rights of women.

The constitutional convention that wrote the Leavenworth Constitution was provided for by an act of the Territorial Legislature passed in February 1858, while the Lecompton Constitution was being debated in Congress. The constitution was adopted by the convention at Leavenworth April 3, 1858. It was also chosen by the people at an election on May 18, 1858.
The Leavenworth Constitution did not have a big impact on the history of Kansas since the US Senate did not approve of the laws in the document.  The other proposed state constitutions were the Topeka Constitution (1855), the Lecompton Constitution (1857) and the Wyandotte Constitution (1859).

Related pages
Topeka Constitution
Lecompton Constitution
Wyandotte Constitution
Bleeding Kansas

More reading
 Wilder, D.W., "The Annals of Kansas". 1886.
 William G. Cutler, "History of the State of Kansas" 1883

Other websites
 The Kansas Constitution
  The Leavenworth Constitution

Bleeding Kansas
1858
Rachel Leah Bloom (born April 3, 1987) is an American comedian, writer, actress and singer-songwriter. She played the lead role of Rebecca Bunch in the CW comedy-drama series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. For this, she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress-Television Series Musical or Comedy. For that same act, she also won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series.

In May 2013, Bloom released her first musical comedy album Please Love Me.

Bloom was born in Los Angeles.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

Comedians from Los Angeles County, California
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1987 births
Living people
The Mid-continent oil field is a big area that has hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which has various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and used during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types).

Other websites
Energy Information Administration (DOE)
U.S. Energy Information Administration (DOE) , "Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production"

Geography of Arkansas
Geography of Kansas
Geography of Louisiana
Geography of New Mexico
Geography of Oklahoma
Geography of Texas
John W. "Bud" Fowler (March 16, 1858 – February 26, 1913) was an African-American baseball player, manager, and club organizer. He is the earliest known African-American player in organized professional baseball; that is, the major leagues and minor leagues.

Early life
The son of a fugitive hop-picker and barber, Bud Fowler was christened John W. Jackson.

Professional baseball career

Early career
Fowler first played for an all-white professional team based out of New Castle, Pennsylvania in 1872. He was 14 years old. He is documented as playing for another professional team on July 21, 1877. He was 19. On April 24, 1878, he pitched a game for the Picked Nine, who defeated the Boston Red Caps, champions of the National League in 1877. He pitched some more for the Chelsea team, then finished that season with the Worcester club.

References

1858 births
1913 deaths
Baseball players
The color line, also known as the color barrier, in American baseball stopped players of black African descent from playing Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues until 1947 (with a few notable exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). Racial segregation in professional baseball was sometimes called a gentlemen's agreement. This means an understanding, as there was no written policy at the highest level of organized baseball, the major leagues. There was minor league's vote in 1887 against allowing new contracts with black players within its league. It sent a powerful message that eventually led to blacks not being allowed to play at all.

African Americans created the Negro leagues starting in 1887. In these leagues, African American baseball teams played against each other. 

The color line was broken for good when Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers organization for the 1946 season.

Origins
Origins

The beginning of segregation followed the baseball season of 1867. On October 16, the Pennsylvania State Convention of Baseball in Harrisburg denied admission to the "colored" Pythian Baseball Club.

References

Other websites
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Playing for Keeps: Philadelphia's Pythian Base Ball Club. 

African-American history
History of baseball
The Leavenworth Soldiers was the first professional baseball team from Leavenworth, Kansas. The club played in the Western League from 1886 to 1888. Their first year, they tied the Lincoln Tree Planters for last place at 31-49. In 1887, the Soldiers were 27-27 when they disbanded on July 8 due to poor attendance. In 1888, Leavenworth returned to the loop and went 7-7 under L. M. Cretors. They were in second place when the league stopped operations on June 21. A J. Curran was leading the club in batting average at .300.

References
The Western League: A Baseball History, 1885 through 1999 by W.C. Madden and Patrick Stewart. .

Baseball teams in the United States
The Western League of Professional Baseball Clubs, also called the Western League, was a minor league baseball league. It created on February 11, 1885. It focused on the Midwestern United States.

History
Before its most famous version in November 1893, the Western League existed in various forms. The League was created as a minor league on February 11, 1885. The original clubs were in Indianapolis‚ Kansas City‚ Cleveland‚ Milwaukee‚ Toledo and Omaha/Keokuk, Iowa.

References

Baseball leagues
A barn raising, also historically called a raising bee or rearing in the U.K., is a collective action of a community, in which a barn for one of the members is built or rebuilt by members of the community. Barn raising was common in 18th- and 19th-century rural North America. A barn was a necessary building for any farmer. Yet a barn was also a big and expensive building. Building a farm needed many people than a typical family could provide. Barn raising addressed the need by getting members of the community, unpaid, to help in the building of their neighbors' barns. Because each member was entitled to recruit others for help, the favor would eventually return to each participant.

One or more people with experience or with specific skills are chosen to lead the project. Young people helping for the first time have watched many barn raisings and know what is expected of them.

References

Construction