Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
1935 births
2013 deaths
American activists
American cinematographers
Screenwriters from Illinois
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Chicago
Movie directors from Indiana
Movie producers from Indiana
Writers from Indiana
Writers from Chicago
Unexplained deaths
The Ryūkyūan languages (Okinawan: 琉球口, Duuchuuguchi) are a group of Japonic languages spoken in the Ryūkyū Islands, the southernmost part of Japan. The languages are Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama and Yonaguni.

Although Japan says the Ryukyuan languages are dialects of Japanese, most linguists see them as languages. This is because Japanese speakers would not be able to understand Ryukyuan without learning it.

In the past, the Ryukyuan languages were spoken all over Ryukyu but due to the languages being discriminated against, most Ryukyuans now speak Japanese.

History 
When a group people called the Yayoi came to Japan, they brought over a language called Proto-Japonic. This language diverged into Japanese and Ryukyuan overtime.

Sound Changes 
Japanese and Ryukyuan has different sound changes. For example, Japanese “o” becomes Okinawan “u”. This is why the Japanese word “to” (and) is “tu” in Okinawan.
It’s also common for Japanese “k” to become Okinawan “ch”. This causes “Okinawa” to become “Uchinaa”.

In the Yonaguni language, Japanese “y” becomes “d”. Japanese “yama” (mountain) is “dama” in Yonaguni.

Language Usage 
Most older Ryukyuans can speak a Ryukyuan language, while younger people speak Japanese. Ryukyuan languages are also spoken in Hawaii and South America as many Ryukyuans live there too.
Further reading
Sanseido (1997). 言語学大辞典セレクション：日本列島の言語 (Selection from the Encyclopædia of Linguistics: The Languages of the Japanese Archipelago). "琉球列島の言語" (The Languages of the Ryukyu Islands).
Ashworth, D. E. (1975). A generative study of the inflectional morphophonemics of the Shuri dialect of Ryukyuan. Thesis (Ph. D.)—Cornell University, 1973.
Heinrich, Patrick (2004): Language Planning and Language Ideology in the Ryūkyū Islands, in: Language Policy 3.2, (2004): 153
Heinrich, Patrick, Shinsho Miyara, Michinori Shimoji, eds. 2014. Handbook of the Ryukyuan Languages. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Serafim, L. A. (1985). Shodon: the prehistory of a Northern Ryukyuan dialect of Japanese. [S.l: s.n.
Shimabukuro, Moriyo. 2007. The accentual history of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages: a reconstruction. Languages of Asia series, v. 2. Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental. 
Uemura, Yukio, and Wayne P. Lawrence. 2003. The Ryukyuan language. Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim (Series), A4-018. Osaka, Japan: ELPR.
Other websites

 Ryukyuan language phonetic database

References 

 
Languages of Asia
Ryukyu Islands
A direct election is an election in which people vote directly for the person, persons or political party that they want to see elected to a political position. The electorate casts their votes directly in an election for candidates of their choice that will represent them either in the executive or legislature without any problem. The opposite is an indirect election, in which the voters elect a group of people who in turn elects the officeholder in question.

Many countries use a mixed system, where some elements are directly elected, and some are not.For example india where the president is elected indirectly whereas the prime ministr is elected directly

Types of elections
The Sony Pictures Studios is a television and movie studio complex. It is in Culver City, California. The studio is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment. Many movies and television programs are taped there. They include the television game shows Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy!. It is the home of the movie companies Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures.

History 
The complex started in 1915 as the Triangle Studios (1915-1918). It was Paramount Culver Studios  from 1918 until 1921. Iy became Goldwyn Studios in 1921.  The studio was bought by American movie and television company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in 1924. It was renamed as MGM Studios. Many well known MGM movies such as The Wizard of Oz and Singin' in the Rain were made there. Between 1927 and 1963, 52 movies were made there each year.

In 1986, MGM sold the studio lot to Lorimar. Sony Pictures Entertainment bought the studio in 1989. They renamed it as the Sony Pictures Studios.
In 2016, it was bought by Pinewood Group, They changed the name to the Pinewood Studios Hollywood. At this time, all Sony and Columbia titles are later named after TriStar,

Daily about Sony Pictures Studios 
The complex is open for daily studio tours. It has sixteen different sound stages. These are where the movies and television programs are filmed.

Other websites
 Sony Pictures Studios website
 Studio Lot History 

1915 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California
Buildings and structures in California
Culver City, California
American movie studios
Pegasus is a Swiss pop/rock-band from Biel. From childhood on they were sharing song ideas and a basement rehearsal room.

Members
Noah Veraguth (Lead Vocals, Guitar, Piano)
Gabriel Spahni (Lead Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocals)
Simon Spahr (Bass Guitar, Electric Piano, Backing Vocals)
Stefan Brenner (Drums, Percussion, Backing Vocals)

History
Three of them (Veraguth, Spahni and Spahr) grew up in the same street and went to the same schools. They made a lot of music in their childhood.

After Stefan Brenner came to the band, they tried to get a recording contract. They made their first album in 2007. It was called A Place To Be. It was quite successful, the reviews were positive.
Their second album was called Heroes & Champions (2010). For this album they got the Swiss Music Award in the category Best Newcomer National. It includes the hits "Listen To The Music", "Come Down With Me" and "Easy".
The third most successful album is Human.Technology produced in 2011. 0n the 27th of July 2012 it was on second place in the Swiss charts. 

They made a special edition called Human.Technology 2.0. in 2012. The most popular songs are "Man On Mars", "Rise Up (Black Dog)" and "Skyline" (only on Human.Technology 2.0). "Skyline" was used as official Swiss Olympic song in London 2012. It was a number one hit in Swiss charts.

In September they started their Human.Technology Tour, in February a second one.
Noah Veraguth is also known for his work with Stress and Bastian Baker. In 2011 he produces a song with Stress called "Elle". Together with M.A.M and Karolyn they made an album called Noël’s Room (2012) which is very successful.
Award
In 2010 they won the award in the category Newcomer National. In 2013 they got Best Hit National for "Skyline".

Swiss musical groups
Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
Erotica is the fifth studio album from American singer Madonna. It was released on October 20, 1992 through Maverick Records. Six singles were released from the album, one being the title song. The album caused strong controversy. It was less successful than earlier albums by Madonna: it peaked at number two in the United States. Other songs were "Deeper and Deeper" and "Bad Girl".

1992 albums
Madonna albums
There was a theory in painting, that some types of painting were  more prestigious than others. This theory is known as hierarchy of genres. Because history painting was at the top of the list, many painters wanted to produce historical paintings. The problem with this was that historical paintings were the most difficult to sell. To be able to live from their painting, many painters were forced to produce portraits or genre scenes, which sold much more easily. The hierarchy was as follows:
history painting, including allegories and popular religious subjects.
Portrait painting, including the tronie
genre painting or scenes of everyday life
landscape, including seascapes, battlescenes, cityscapes, and ruins.
still life
The Dutch concentrated heavily on the "lower" categories, but by no means rejected the concept of the hierarchy. Most paintings were relatively small – the only common type of really large paintings were group portraits. Painting directly onto walls hardly existed; when a wall-space in a public building needed decorating fitted framed canvas was normally used. For the extra precision possible on a hard surface many painters continued to use wooden panels, some time after the rest of Western Europe had abandoned them; some used copper plates, usually recycling plates from printmaking. In turn the number of surviving Golden Age paintings was reduced by them being overpainted with new works by artists throughout the 18th and 19th century – poor ones were usually cheaper than a new canvas, stretcher and frame
. There was very little Dutch sculpture during the period; it is mostly found in tomb monuments and attached to public buildings, and small sculptures for houses are a noticeable gap, their place taken by silverware and ceramics. Painted delftware tiles were very cheap and common, if rarely of really high quality, but silver, especially in the auricular style, led Europe. With this exception, the best artistic efforts were concentrated on painting and printmaking.
It is almost certain Jane was removed from her grave before being butchered and eaten. She was not murdered. In 1625, George Percy, president of Jamestown during the starvation period, wrote that the hunger was so intense “thatt notheinge was Spared to mainteyne Lyfe and to doe those things which seame incredible, as to digge upp deade corpes outt of graves and to eate them." Five other accounts refer to cannibalism during the bitter winter.

Only 10 percent of Jane's remains have been recovered by researchers. The remains were found about 2.5 feet (0.8 m) down in a trash pit in the cellar of a building built in 1608 inside the James Fort site. Historical accounts indicate cannibalism was widespread at Jamestown during the winter. Modern historians were reluctant to credit these accounts without other evidence. Jane however is the first forensic evidence that confirms the existence of the practice during that winter.

References
References

Other websites 
New Discoveries at Jamestown by John L. Cotter and J. Paul Hudson, (1957) at Project Gutenberg

History of Virginia
Cannibalism
1609
1610
Robert Sacre (born June 6, 1989) is an American-Canadian basketball player. He is a center for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

College
Sacre played college basketball for Gonzaga University from 2007 to 2012.

NBA career
He was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2nd round with the 60th overall pick in the 2012 NBA Draft.

He made his NBA debut with Lakers on October 31, 2012. He played 49 seconds in a 116-106 loss against the Portland Trail Blazers. He scored his first points for the Lakers on November 4, 2012 in a win against the Detroit Pistons. He made his first NBA start on January 8, 2013 in a loss against the Houston Rockets.

Personal
He was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana but grew up and played high school basketball in North Vancouver, British Columbia. His father is Greg LaFleur, a former American football tight end that played for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Indianapolis Colts.

References

Other websites
Robert Sacre at NBA.com
1989 births
African-American basketball players
Canadian basketball players
Living people
Los Angeles Lakers players
People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Sportspeople from British Columbia
Sportspeople from Louisiana
American basketball players
Armin Meiwes (born 1 December 1961) is a German man who is known for an act of cannibalism. 

In March 2001, Meiwes, a then 41-year-old bisexual computer technician, placed an advertisement online for a well-built male he could kill and eat. Forty-three year old Bernd-Jurgen Brandes answered the ad later that month. Meiwes took Brandes to his home in Rotenberg. Brandes had sex with Meiwes, then asked Meiwes to cut off his penis. Meiwes did so, then fried the penis. The two ate it. Meiwes then killed Brandes with Brandes's consent by stabbing him repeatedly in the neck. He cut the body in pieces and froze the pieces for later consumption. Meiwes was arrested in December 2002. He had consumed about 20 kg of Brandes' body. Cannibalism was not illegal in Germany in 2001 when Meiwes killed and ate Brandes. Meiwes was convicted of killing by request and defiling a corpse. He received a sentence of 8.5 years. The Meiwes case was the first cannibalism case in Germany.
In May 2006, a court sentenced Meiwes to life in prison after a retrial.

References

1961 births
Living people
Bisexual people
Cannibalism
German LGBT people
German murderers
German prisoners
People from Essen
Anke Christina Fischer (née Engelke; born 21 December 1965 in Montréal) is a German comedian, actress and voice-over actress.

Life 
Engelke moved to Cologne in 1971 with her parents. Early on, she exhibited singing talent, and was discovered in 1978 by Georg Bossert at a performance of her school's choir.

In May 2011, she hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf alongside Stefan Raab and Judith Rakers.
The following year, Engelke served as the spokesperson for Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 held in Baku, Azerbaijan. Before presenting the votes, she also gave a live statement on the human-rights issues in the hosting country, saying: "Tonight nobody could vote for their own country. But it is good to be able to vote. And it is good to have a choice. Good luck on your journey, Azerbaijan. Europe is watching you." She was the only spokesperson to articulately address human rights during the event. She had also served as one of Germany's national juries for the contest during that year.

In February 2013, her involvement with the Eurovision Song Contest continued as she hosted Unser Song für Malmö, the German national final.

Filmography

Movie

Television

References

This article is based on the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia (retrieved February 3, 2004).

Other websites
Other websites

 Brainpool's Anke Engelke page (in German)
 Article on sbznet.de: "Late-Night-Talk: Anke macht's für Harald"  (23 December 2003)  (in German)
 
 Zeit (14/2004) Interview with Anke Engelke at the beginning of her Late-Night-Show  (in German)
 Zeit (01/2005) Interview with Anke Engelke near the end of her Late-Night-Show  (in German)
 Anke Engelke: Interview  (Germany)

1965 births
Living people
German comedians
German movie actors
German television presenters
Actors from Montreal
German television actors
German voice actors
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Nadia Hasnaoui (; born 10 June 1963) is a Norwegian television presenter.

Hasnaoui was born in Morocco to a Norwegian mother and Moroccan father. Her maternal grandfather was Nobel Prize winning economist Ragnar Frisch. When she was four years old her parents divorced and she moved to Norway with her mother. In Oslo she attended a strict Catholic French kindergarten and then later a French school until fourth grade. She became a Norwegian citizen at the age of eighteen. In 1991 she married actor Kim Haugen.

Eurovision 
Hasnaoui first became associated with Eurovision in 1992, when she provided the NRK radio commentary for the 1992 Contest.

In 2004, Hasnaoui presented the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004 in Lillehammer, Norway. Hasnaoui has also presented festivals in Norway such as Melodi Grand Prix Junior.

In 2005 Hasnaoui provided Norwegian commentary on the Fiftieth Anniversary Special alongside former veteran Jahn Teigen.
Hasnaoui presented the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Bærum in May 2010 with Haddy Jatou N'jie and Erik Solbakken. She also read out the Norwegian votes for the 2011 and 2012 contests.

References 

1963 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Norwegian journalists
Norwegian television presenters
Entertainers from Oslo
Parker is a town in Douglas County, Colorado.

Sources

Towns in Colorado
1981 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Colorado
Krumovgrad is a town in Bulgaria. It is near the Greek border. There are many Turks in Krumovgrad.

Settlements in Bulgaria
Richard LeParmentier (July 16, 1946 – April 15, 2013) was an American-British actor and scriptwriter who is best known for his role as Admiral Motti in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) and as police officer Lt. Santino in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988).

LeParmentier was born on July 16, 1946 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to British-Irish parents. He studied at Wayne University. 

LeParmentier was married to Sarah Douglas from 1981 until they divorced in 1984. LeParmentier died on April 15, 2013 from a heart attack in Austin, Texas, aged 66.

References

Other websites

Richard LeParmentier official website 

1946 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh
"Human Nature" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was written by Steve Porcaro and John Bettis. It was the fifth song from his sixth solo record Thriller. "Human Nature" was released on July 3, 1983. It was a moderate hit in America and other countries. This song has been covered, performed and sampled by other musicians.

1983 songs
Pop songs
Michael Jackson songs
Monty Woolley (Edgar Montillion Woolley; August 17, 1888 – May 6, 1963) was an American actor and entertainer. At the age of 50, he became famous for his best-known role in the stage play and 1942 movie The Man Who Came to Dinner. His well-known white beard was "his trademark" and he was later known as "The Beard."

Woolley was born on August 17, 1888 in New York City, New York. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard University. Woolley was a closeted gay man. Woolley died on May 6, 1963 from a heart attack and from complications of kidney failure in Albany, New York, aged 75. He is buried at the Greenridge Cemetery in Saratoga Springs, New York.

References

Other websites

1888 births
1963 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from renal failure
LGBT actors
LGBT people from New York (state)
Funny Face is a 1957 American romantic comedy musical movie starring Audrey Hepburn, Fred Astaire and Robert Flemyng. Hepburn plays Jo Stockton, a shy bookshop clerk. The movie is based on a Broadway musical of the same name.

Other websites 

1957 musical movies
1957 romantic comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
1950s English-language movies
A bullseye is the centre of a target in certain sports. It is also the name given to any shot that hits the bullseye. Sports that use targets with bullseyes include archery and shooting.

Sports words
The Eublepharinae are one of the five subfamilies of the Gekkonidae, or geckos. The Eublepharinae subfamily has 27 species in five genera. Also called eyelid geckos, the eublepharines have more simple features than other geckos. For example, they don't have the ability to climb surfaces. Unlike other geckos, they also have movable eyelids. They are generally active at night or at twilight. These lizards often eat insects and similar creatures. They lay a pair of leathery eggs, and, in most species, the gender of the young is determined by the temperature of the egg; just like crocodiles.

The subfamily contains the following genera:

Coleonyx (seven species)
Eublepharis (five species)
Goniurosaurus (11 species)
Hemitheconyx (two species)
Holodactylus (two species)

References

Lizards
Brunhilde was a mighty female warrior, one of the Valkyries. She was also a heroine from the German epics, especially in the Nibelungen saga, in which she is an Icelandic princess.

She defied Odin and in punishment he imprisoned her within a ring of fire on earth. She had to stay there until someone rescued her. Siegfied (Sigurd) braved the fire, woke her, and fell in love with her.

He gave her the ring Andvarinaut, unaware of its curse. Eventually she killed herself when she learned that Sigurd had betrayed her with another woman (Gudrun), not knowing he had been bewitched into doing so by Grimhild.

Sources
 http://www.pantheon.org/articles/b/brunhilde.html 

Norse mythology
On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens in Washington erupted. The eruption was recorded as a 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. 

For two months before the eruption, earthquake trembles and steam was vented from the mouth of the volcano. 57 people died in the eruption.

References

1980 in the United States
Disasters in the 1980s
Natural disasters in the United States
20th century in Washington (state)
Property management is the process of managing and taking care of property. Property management can be applied to personal, business and public properties. Property management is used in various situations, like building a home, where property manager looks over the process of construction, management of resources and security. The process of property management can be carried using both people (onsite management, security) and machines (cameras, detectors and alarms). An example of property management will be hiring security company. They might be allowed to enter property and check for any issues while the owners are not present. In business, property management is extremely important to achieve safety and improve work environment of employees.

References 

Property
Management
Shontelle Layne (born October 4, 1985), or just Shontelle, is a Barbadian singer-songwriter. She mainly performs R&B, pop and reggae music. She released her debut album Shontelligence in 2008 and her second album No Gravity in September 2010. Some if her recent songs achieved only modest success. She co-wrote "Man Down" by R&B singer Rihanna in 2010.

Discography
Shontelligence (2008)
No Gravity (2010)

References

Barbadian musiciansBarbadian R&B singers
Barbadian pop singers
Barbadian reggae singers
Barbadian hip hop singers
Barbadian dance singers
1985 births
Living people
Chewing, or mastication, is the first part of the digestive system. It is when the teeth chew the food and the tongue mixes it with saliva to make it mushy in the mouth. A group of animals, called the ruminants, masticate more than once. Most cattle are in this group.

Digestive system
Tiny Wings is an iOS game developed by German game developer Andreas Illiger, released on February 18, 2011.

Gameplay
In Tiny Wings, the player takes control of a bird whose wings are too small to fly. The goal of the game is to use hills in order to gain speed as long as possible. This is done by tapping and holding the screen in order to make the bird dive. The game play mainly revolves around timing your taps so that the bird goes down hills and flies up them. The game's day trip version is separated into several islands, which have different layouts and change every 24 hours. The game features special goals that allow players to upgrade their nest, which adds a score multiplier usually X2. These challenges go around reaching specific islands or performing certain tricks a number of times in one game. The game's visuals change daily along with the islands' layouts.
Flight School
Flight School, a new mode that came out in version 2.0, is similar to normal gameplay, but it instead features a race between 4 young birds (which are siblings). The player can choose to control one of the birds while the rest of the birds are controlled by the CPU. The birds are listed here with their colors and are ranked according to their typical finishing positions The player can also change the birds' names.
 Flami – pink
 Peck – blue
 Peli – orange
 Owell – green
The goal in flight school is to reach mama bird first.
If you are faster than the other birds you'll get the fattest fish. To unlock the next island players must finish in 3rd, 2nd, or 1st place.
In 3rd place you'll get a small Blue fish, in 2nd place a medium-sized Cyan fish, and in 1st place you'll get the fattest Yellow fish. When a set of islands is completed by a bird, its nest is upgraded. This mode includes 2 new features: rubber flowers birds can bounce on, and water holes that slow down the birds.
The mama bird is dark green and is from the day trip mode.
Not all levels are in daytime levels. Levels 1-3 2-3 3-4 are all nighttime levels. They have a different song then the daytime levels.
Release
Tiny Wings was first released with one mode (called Day Trip after version 2). Version 2 was released as an update on July 12, 2012, and added a new mode, Flight School with of a race between 4 birds, one of which is used by the player. The levels in Flight School are divided into islands, with 5 tracks in each. There are 3 island tracks. They are Clown islands, Koi islands, and Orga islands. Also there will be more island tracks coming soon as updates. Flight School includes 2 new features on the islands. The July 2012 update also gives the ability to gift app.
The HD version (released at the same time as version 2) includes Hill Party as the 3rd chapter.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Apple App Store

Mobile games
2011 video games
Adventure games
IOS games
Indie video games
William Taylor Adams (July 30, 1822 – March 27, 1897), was an American writer and children's magazine editor. He used the pen name "Oliver Optic".  Adams was born in Medway, Massachusetts. 

In 1853, he wrote his first novel, Hatchie, the Guardian Slave. Adams taught in the Boston public schools for many years. While teaching, he discovered what kinds of books boys liked best. In 1855, he wrote The Boat Club series for boys. This series was a great success. He wrote many more boys' series. 

In 1865, he stopped teaching. He wanted to devote all his time to writing. He became editor of the children's magazines The Student and Schoolmate, Our Little Ones, and Oliver Optic's Magazine: Our Boys and Girls.  He served in the Massachusetts legislature for one year. Adams died at his home in Dorchester, Massachusetts in 1897.
Children's writer Louisa May Alcott did not like his books. She did not like the slang and settings such as saloons. Librarians did not like Adams's books either. They threw them away. They also threw away the books of other boys' writers. Adams kept writing boys' books though. He got good reviews from the critics. His books sold well. They were reprinted many times.

Gallery

References
 William Taylor Adams  
 Dorchester Athenaeum

Other websites

 Biographical essay in PDF
 Biographical essay at the Dorchester Aethenaeum site 
 (plain text and HTML)
Works by Oliver Optic at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions illustrated)
Works by William Taylor Adams at Internet Archive

 
19th-century American children's writers
19th-century American novelists
Writers from Massachusetts
American editors
1822 births
1897 deaths
People from Dorchester, Massachusetts
Alameda is a city in the U.S. state of California. It is next to Oakland and the San Francisco Bay.

Most of Alameda is on an island (called Alameda Island). The other large part is a peninsula connected to the Oakland International Airport. This peninsula is called Bay Farm Island because it used to be an island. The third part of Alameda is Coast Guard Island, which is a military base for the U.S. Coast Guard.

History
The city was founded in 1853 as 3 smaller towns. At the west end it was called Woodstock. The east end was called Fernside. 

Alameda island was originally not an island. It was connected to Oakland. In 1902, a canal was finished that separated it from Oakland. 

From 1917 to 1939 there was a popular amusement park called Neptune Beach.

In the 1940s the land was filled to make Bay Farm Island. A U.S. Navy base called Naval Air Station Alameda was opened in 1940. It was closed down in 1997.

Related pages
Alameda High School

References

 
1853 establishments in California
Earl Klugh (pronounced "Clue"; September 16, 1954) is an American smooth jazz musician who also plays R&B. He began his career around 1970 at age sixteen. He is also known for songwriting. Klugh was born in Detroit.

Musicians from Detroit
Singers from Detroit
R&B musicians
1954 births
Living people
Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 6 is the sixth season of Britain's Next Top Model. This cycle includes 14 contestants. The winner was 18-year-old Tiffany Pisani.

Prizes
 A modeling contract with Models 1
 A spread & cover in Company Magazine
 A £100,000 contract with Revlon Cosmetics

Contestants
(In alphabetical order)
 Alisha White
 Amba Hudson-Skye
 Amelia Thomas
 Charlotte Holmes
 Delita Cole
 Hannah Goodeve
 Harleen Kaur Nottay
 Joy McLaren
 Kirsty Parsons
 Nicola Wright
 Olivia Oldham-Stevens
 Rachelle Harry
 Susan Loughnane
 Tiffany Pisani

Episodes
1.
casting episode

2.
Best: Joy McLaren
Worst: Delita Cole & Hannah Goodeve
Eliminated: Hannah Goodeve

3.
Best: Nicola Wright
Worst: Rachelle Harry & Olivia Oldham-Stevens
Eliminated: Rachelle Harry

4.
Eliminated Outside Of Judging Panel: Susan Loughnane
Best: Alisha White
Worst: Amelia Thomas & Harleen Kaur Nottay
Eliminated: Harleen Kaur Nottay

5.
Best: Nicola Wright
Worst: Delita Cole & Tiffany Pisani
Eliminated: Delita Cole
6.
Best: Charlotte Holmes
Worst: Amba Hudson-Skye & Nicola Wright
Eliminated: Amba Hudson-Skye

7.
Best: Olivia Oldham-Stevens
Worst: Amelia Thomas & Nicola Wright
Eliminated: Nicola Wright

8.
Best: Charlotte Holmes
Worst: Alisha White & Kirsty Parsons
Eliminated: Kirsty Parsons

9.
Best: Alisha White
Worst: Olivia Oldham Stevens & Tiffany Pisani
Eliminated: Olivia Oldham-Stevens

10.
Best: Alisha White
Worst: Charlotte Holmes & Joy McLaren
Eliminated: None

11.
Best: Joy McLaren
Worst: Charlotte Holmes & Amelia Thomas
Eliminated: Amelia Thomas

12.
Best: Tiffany Pisani
Worst: Charlotte Holmes & Alisha White
Eliminated: Charlotte Holmes

13.
Final Three: Alisha White, Joy McLaren & Tiffany Pisani
Eliminated: Joy McLaren

Final Two: Alisha White & Tiffany Pisani
Winner: Tiffany Pisani

Britain's Next Top Model
In computer programming with object-oriented programming languages, duck typing is a way to write computer code. It doesn't demand that you know what types you are writing about. If it does what you thought it would do, it is good enough. The reason this is called "duck typing" is the duck test. 

It was invented by James Whitcomb Riley:
When I see a bird that walks like a duck and swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, I call that bird a duck.

References

Programming languages
Ivan Andreevich Urgant (, born 16 April 1978) is a Russian television personality, showman, and an actor.

TV programs 
He is known for hosting various TV shows, including:
 Petersburg Courier (Petersburg - Channel 5, 1999)
 Cheerful Morning (MTV Russia, 2001–2002)
 People's Artist (RTR, 2003–2005)
 Pyramid (Russia, 2004)
 Great Première (2005)
 Spring with Ivan Urgant (Channel One, 2006)
 Relish (Channel One, since 2006)
 Smak (Channel One; since 2006)
 Circus With Stars (Channel One, 2007)
 Stenka na stenku (Showdown) (Channel One, 2007—2008)
 Big Difference (Channel One, since 2008)
 Single storey America (2008)
 Circus (2008)
 Prozhektorperiskhilton (Channel One, since 2008)
 Tour de France (2011)
 Evening Urgant (Channel One; since 2012)
 Their Italia (2012)
 Lere First TV (2012-present)

References

Other websites 
  

1978 births
Living people
Russian television presenters
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Alan Tacher (born March 28, 1968 in Mexico City) is a Mexican television presenter. He is part of the main cast of Univision's morning program Despierta América.

Television
Califa de Oro (1995)
Te caché (1998)
Tempranito (1998)
La Academia (2000)
Aplauso Aplauso (2004)
Levántate (2008)
Décadas (2010)
Hoy (2011-2012)
Despierta América (2012–present)

Other websites 
 

1968 births
People from Mexico City
Living people
Mexican television presenters
Gustave Clarence Rodolphe Boulanger (25 April 1824 – 22 September 1888) was a French painter. He is mostly known for his paintings of oriental style. 

1824 births
1888 deaths

French painters
Judith Rakers (born 6 January 1976 in Paderborn, Germany) is a German journalist and television presenter.

Biography
Rakers grew up in Bad Lippspringe with her single father. She graduated from the Pelizaeus-Gymnasium Paderborn. She studied journalism and communication studies, German philology and modern and contemporary history at the University of Münster. At the same time, Rakers worked as a radio presenter at the NRW-local radio stations; Radio Hochstift and Antenne Münster.

From January 2004 to 17 January 2010, Rakers presented the Hamburg Journal for local TV station Norddeutscher Rundfunk.

Since 2005, Rakers has presented the Tagesschau news programme on ARD, as well as reading the news in the Tagesthemen, Nachtmagazin and Morgenmagazin.

In addition to the Tagesschau, Rakers also presents Radio Bremen's talk show 3 nach 9.

On 14 May 2011 she hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany together with Stefan Raab and Anke Engelke.

References
References

Other websites
 
 Judith Rakers' official website

1976 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
German journalists
German television actors
German television presenters
German voice actors
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Stian Barsnes-Simonsen (born 20 April 1979 in Bergen) is a Norwegian actor and television presenter of Amigo, Midt i smørøyet and Melodi Grand Prix.

As host 
Smørøyet (1998)
MGP Nordic 2002 (with Camilla Ottesen, Josefine Sundström)Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2002 (with Thomas Numme) Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2003Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2004 (with Nadia Hasnaoui)Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004 (with Nadia Hasnaoui)Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2005 (with Nadia Hasnaoui)Gullruten (2006)Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2006 (with Nadia Hasnaoui)Melodi Grand Prix 2006 (with Synnøve Svabø)Melodi Grand Prix 2007 (with Synnøve Svabø)Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2007MGP Nordic 2007 (with Nadia Hasnaoui)Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2008De ukjente (2009)

 Filmography Kysset som fikk snøen til å smelte (English title: A Kiss in the Snow, 1997)Bølgene (English title: Waves, 1998)Hotel Cæsar'' (1998-2000, television series)

Other websites  

1979 births
Living people
Norwegian actors
Norwegian television presenters
People from Bergen
Erik Solbakken (born 17 November 1984 in Hemsedal) is a Norwegian television presenter. Solbakken hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 together with Haddy Jatou N'jie and Nadia Hasnaoui.

He has hosted multiple children's shows including Barne-tv, Julemorgen,Krem Nasjonal, and Superkviss, as well as Barnetimen for de minste on NRK P2.
Erik Solbakken hosted the prestigious Idrettsgallaen with Haddy N'Jie 2010 from Hamar.
In 2010 he is Ready for one more golden moment - "Popstokk", the Norwegian version of "BattlePop", airing spring prime time Friday nights at NRK.

In 2011, he hosted the Eurovision Young Dancers competition 2011.

References

Other websites 
 

1984 births
Living people
Norwegian television presenters
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Haddy Jatou N'jie (born 25 June 1979 in Oslo) is a Norwegian singer, songwriter, writer and journalist. Her father is Gambian and her mother is Norwegian. She grew up in Kolbotn near Oslo and is the eldest of five siblings.

N'jie has worked as a reporter for Dagsrevyen and columnist for Dagbladet. She hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with Erik Solbakken and Nadia Hasnaoui. She hosted the 2010 annual telethon on Norway's largest TV channel NRK 1 which she also co-hosted in 2009.

Haddy N'jie has toured Norway several times, both as a solo artist and as part of the group comedy Queendom, consisting of herself and four other black Norwegian women, all sharing in part African backgrounds. Much of the group's material lampoons either Norwegians or Africans.

When Norway held a national ceremony of remembrance on August 21 for the 77 victims of the worst attacks on the country since World War Two, the TV broadcast was hosted by N'jie.
In 2012 she co-hosted the prestigious sports award show Idrettsgallaen from Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre together with Anne Rimmen. The show was broadcasted on NRK.

Discography
N'jie has released three solo albums:
White Lies (released 16 September 2005)
Welcome Home (released 1 June 2009)
World of the Free (released 25 January 2010)

She is a contributor to
Mitt lille land (2011), with other artists

References

1979 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Musicians from Oslo
Norwegian journalists
Norwegian singers
Norwegian television presenters
Norwegian singer-songwriters
Writers from Oslo
970 was a common year.

Events 

 A major volcano erupts in Mashu, Japan.
 A terrible famine begins in France.
 Eric the Victorious becomes the first king of Sweden.

Births 

 Leif Ericson, Norse explorer
 Seyyed Razi, important Muslim scholar and writer
 Sitt al-Mulk
 Xu Daoning, Chinese artist

Deaths 

 30 January – Peter I of Bulgaria
 Magyar leader, Taksány
 Ferdinand II of Castile
 Fujiwara no Saneyori
 García III of Pamplona
 Hatto II, Archbishop of Mainz
 Menahem ben Saruq
 Patriarch Polyeuctus of Constantinople
 Taksony of Hungary
971 was a common year.

Events 

 Kenneth II of Scotland succeeds Culen as King

Births 

 Kushyar ibn Labban
 Mahmud of Ghazni
 Emperor Shengzong of Liao
 Prince Shaif

Deaths 

 Abu Jafar Khazeni
 Culen of Scotland
 Ziri ibn Manad
978 was a common year.

Events 

 The revolt of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria against Otto II ends
 England's royal mint is located at Guildford

Births 

 Princess Zoe of Byzantium, later Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire
 Yaroslav I the Wise, prince of Novgorod and Kiev

Deaths 

 March 18 – King Edward the Martyr of England
 Abraham of Alexandria, Coptic pope
 Li Houzhu, last Chinese emperor of the Southern Tang
970s
960 was a leap year starting on Sunday.

Events 

 Mieszko I becomes ruler in Poland
 Richard I of Normandy marries Emma of Paris
 The Aksumite Empire is destroyed

Births 

 Emperor Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire (d. 1028)
 Theophanu, princess who became Empress (d. 991)
 Sweyn I of Denmark (d. 1014)
 Gershom ben Judah
 Matsu, Taoist 'goddess' of the sea
 Olof of Sweden
 Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (d. 988)
 Bagrat III (d. 1014), king of Abkhazians and Georgians
 Seongjong of Goryeo (d. 997)

Deaths 

 Saint Eadburga of Winchester
 Časlav Klonimirović, ruler of Serbia
960
Tony's Cronies was a name in British politics and media given to people who were viewed by them as being given places of power because they were friends with Prime Minister, Tony Blair during his premiership between 1997 and 2005.

Sources

British people
Politics of the United Kingdom
David Unaipon (born David Ngunaitponi; 28 September 1872 – 7 February 1967) was an indigenous Australian preacher, inventor, writer and activist. He was a member of the Ngarrindjeri nation. He was born at Point McLeay, a Lutheran mission located on the mouth of the Murray River southeast of Adelaide. He preached widely throughout South Australia, often travelling on foot. He became the first Aboriginal Australian to publish a written work in English.

Unaipon's portrait is featured on the Australian $50 bank note in commemoration.

He Had a quote: "As a full-blooded member of my race I think I may claim to be the first - but I hope, not the last - to produce an enduring record of our customs, beliefs and imaginings."
Early life 
David Unaipon was born on 28 September 1872, at the Point McLeay mission in the Coorong region of South Australia. His father was James Ngunaitponi and his mother's name was probably Nymbulda. James and Nymbulda had nine children, and David was the fourth. He began his education at the age of seven at the Point McLeay Mission School and quickly became known for his intelligence. Unaipon left school at 13 to work as a servant for C. B. Young in Adelaide, where Young encouraged Unaipon's interest in literature, philosophy, science and music. In 1890, he returned to Point Mcleay, where he worked as an apprentice bootmaker. He was also chosen as the mission's organist. In the late 1890s, he travelled again to Adelaide to find work. He discovered, however, that his skin colour stopped him getting work in bootmaking and instead took a job as a bootmaker's storeman.
After returning to Point McLeay, Unaipon worked as a book-keeper in the local store. On 4 January 1902, he married Katherine Carter (née Sumner), a Ngarrindjeri woman of the Tangane tribe.

Work

Inventions
Unaipon took out provisional patents for 19 inventions, but he could not afford to get any of his inventions fully patented. His most successful invention was a shearing machine (provisional patent 15 624) that converted curvilineal motions into the straight-line movement that is the basis of modern mechanical shears. Unaipon never received any money from it, however. Apart from a newspaper report in 1910 acknowledging him as the inventor, he received no credit.
Unaipon became well-known as an inventor, and a recognised authority on ballistics. Other inventions of his included a centrifugal motor, a multi-radial wheel and a mechanical propulsion tool. He drew many of his ideas for mechanical inventions, including a helicopter design based on the principle of the boomerang. He also spent a large amount of time trying to achieve perpetual motion.

Preaching and activism
Unaipon was a Christian for all of his life. After he married, he worked for the Aborigines' Friends' Association as a deputationer, in which he travelled widely throughout South Australia preaching for the Point McLeay Mission. He modelled his teachings on the Bible-based style of the missionaries who had taught him. He believed that the traditional Aboriginal and Christian spiritualities were basically the same.
His travels brought him into contact with many people sympathetic with the cause of Aboriginal rights. Although Unaipon was much in demand as a public speaker, he was also often refused accommodation and hospitality due to his race. He gradually became well-known in public life as a spokesman for Aboriginal Australians. Between 1928 and 1929, he helped as a researcher and witness for the Bleakley Inquiry into Aboriginal welfare. In 1934, he lobbied the federal government to take over responsibility for Aborigines from its constituent states.

Unaipon retired from preaching in 1959 but continued working on his inventions into the 1960s.
Writing
Unaipon was the first Australian Aboriginal to publish a written work in English. He wrote many articles in newspapers and magazines, including The Daily Telegraph, in which he retold traditional Dreaming stories and argued for the rights of Aboriginal people. Some of Unaipon's traditional stories were published in book in 1930, called Myths and Legends of the Australian Aboriginals. It was published under the name of anthropologist William Ramsay Smith. They were republished in their original form in 2006, under the author's name, as Legendary Tales of the Australian Aborigines.

Unaipon was obsessed with correct English. When speaking, he tended to use classical English rather than using the common style of his time. His written language followed the style of John Milton and John Bunyan.
Later life and death
Unaipon returned to his Point Mcleay in his old age. He worked more on his inventions and tried to find the secret of perpetual motion. He died in the Tailem Bend Hospital on 7 February 1967, and was buried in the Raukkan (formerly Point McLeay) Mission Cemetery. David was the last full-blooded member of the Waruwaldi tribe.

Several things are named after him in commemoration:
 The David Unaipon College of Indigenous Education and Research at the University of South Australia.
 Unaipon Avenue in Ngunnawal, a suburb of Canberra.
 David Unaipon Literary Award, an award presented each year for the best writing by unpublished Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors.

References

More reading
 David Unaipon – Legendary Tales at the State Library of New South Wales
 David Unaipon (2001) Legendary Tales of the Australian Aborigines. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. .
1872 births
1967 deaths
Australian Christians
Australian writers
Indigenous Australian activists
Inventors
People from South Australia
Liseberg is an amusement park in Gothenburg, Sweden. Liseberg is one of the most visited amusement parks in Scandinavia.

History
Liseberg opened on 8 May 1923. In 2005, Liseberg was chosen as one of the top ten amusement parks in the world by Forbes Magazine. In 2010 Liseberg was Sweden's most popular point of interest. Many famous people have been to Liseberg, including Michael Jackson in 1988.

Season
Liseberg attracts about 3 million visitors each year. It is open for the summer season from April til the middle of October. In the winter it's open from November til the end of December.

Attractions
The park has 41 attractions.
Atmosfear is the tallest free fall attraction in Europe. The tower is 116 metres high. The top is 146 meters above sea level. It takes about 90 seconds to reach the top. In the beginning it was an elevator that gave you a view of Gothenburg. In 2010 it was rebuilt to be a free fall attraction. There is only one other attraction in the world that can be compared with Atmosfear, the Giant drop in Australia.

Balder is the biggest and most famous roller coaster. Balder is built of wood. Many times it has been voted the world’s best wooden roller coaster. Balder is 36 meters high an 1070 meters long.

FlumeRide is another very popular ride. It’s a water ride and you go in logs. The ride opened in 1973. In the summer season of 2002 they had a contest to see who could go in the ride longest time. After 9 days, 7 hours and 42 minutes they had a winner. The ride is 610 meters long.
Kanonen is the only roller coaster on Liseberg with a loop. It was built in 2005. You reach the top speed 75 km/h after 1.84 seconds. The ride is 50 seconds and 440 meters long.

"Helix" is a roller coaster coming for 2014. It will be 130 seconds and 1,381 meters long. The top speed is about .

Other attractions include:

Slogan

References
 http://liseberg.com/en/home/ 
 Official Liseberg 

Theme parks in Sweden
Buildings and structures in Gothenburg
"Rip Van Winkle" is a short story by Washington Irving. It was first published in Irving's The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. in June 1819. Irving wrote the story one night while staying with his sister's family in Birmingham, England. He read it to his hosts at breakfast the next morning. It was one of the first stories Irving proposed for The Sketch Book. The story is similar to a German story called "Karl Katz". "Rip Van Winkle" has been adapted to theater, cartoons, television, and other media many times.
Story
Rip Van Winkle is a lazy, happy Dutchman. He's a henpecked husband; a man who is being constantly nagged by his wife. He lives in a quiet village near the Catskill Mountains in North America. One day he wanders into the mountains with his dog Wolf.  In a lonely place, he meets the ghosts of Henry Hudson and his men.  They give him a strange drink. He falls asleep for 20 years. When he wakes, he learns that the American Revolution has been fought and won. His family and friends welcome him home to the village.

Other websites  

"Rip Van Winkle", illustrated by N. C. Wyeth (1921).
"Rip Van Winkle", e-text from Bartleby.
"Rip Van Winkle" , audio version from 1946.
"Rip Van Winkle", 1896 film.
 "Karl Katz", a comparison.
1948 Theatre Guild on the Air radio adaptation at Internet Archive
 Rip Van Winkle Study Guide
Irving in Birmingham 
"Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" – Irving's Fictions of Revolution

19th-century American short stories
Works by Washington Irving
Anaid Iplicjian (born 24 October 1935 in Berlin) is a German actress. Her family is from Armenia. After studying at the Mozarteum Academy in Salzburg she has been a member of the Graz (Austria), Wiesbaden, the State Theatre Hannover and the Burgtheater (Vienna) companies. A free-lance actress since 1970, she has been working on Frankfurt/Main, Hamburg, Berlin, Munich and Vienna stages. Also appearing many times in German and Austrian television. She was the presenter of the Eurovision Song Contest 1957. She is married to theater director Herbert Krneppel.

Selected filmography
Derrick - Season 02, Episode 06: "Paddenberg" (1975)
Derrick - Season 07, Episode 10: "Eine unheimlich starke Persönlichkeit" (1980)
Derrick - Season 11, Episode 01: "Das Mädchen in Jeans" (1984)

Other websites

ZBF Agency Munich 

1935 births
People from Berlin
Living people
German actors
German television actors
Eurovision Song Contest presenters