Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
A band-stop filter or band-reject filter is an electronic filter that blocks the frequency component of a signal within a certain range value, where it has its lower cutoff frequency and upper cutoff frequency. The frequency component outside that range of value will be passed on.

Electronic components
A steam drum is a part of a water-tube boiler. It is the place where water or steam gathers at the top of the boiler. It stores the steam produced in the water tube and it separates between steam and water mixture.

Boilers
A water-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated by fire from outside. The fire is produced by the fuel being burned inside the furnace for the boiler.

Design types
 Babcock and Wilcox boiler
 A/D/M/O-type boiler
 Flex-tube boiler
 Forced-circulation boiler
 Low water content
 Stirling boiler
 Thornycroft
 White-Forster
 Yarrow boiler

Use
 Marine
 Railway
 Stationary

Boilers
A coal burner is a device that burns fine coal which has been ground into smaller particles.

Use
 Annealing
 Boiler heat provider
 Cement kiln
 Furnace
 Hot mix asphalt plant
 Quenching furnace

Related pages
 Burner
 Oil burner
 Gas burner
 Boiler
 Heater

Engineering
A superheater is a device that changes saturated steam into dry steam. Dry steam is used in various industrial processes.

Types 
 Convection superheater
 Radiant superheater
 Separately fired superheater

Engineering
A heat exchanger is a device used to efficiently transfer heat from one fluid to another. The fluids may be separated to avoid direct contact or mixing.

Types
 Adiabatic wheel heat exchanger
 Double pipe heat exchanger
 Dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger
 Fluid heat exchanger
 Phase-change heat exchanger
 Pillow plate heat exchanger
 Plate and shell heat exchanger
 Plate fin heat exchanger
 Plate heat exchanger
 Shell and tube heat exchanger
 Waste Heat Recovery Unit heat exchanger

Related pages
 Heat pipe
 Heat pump
 Micro heat exchanger

Other websites

 

Engineering
A soot blower is a device used to remove soot that has accumulated on the furnace tube of a boiler during combustion. Steam or air can be used to blow the soot.

Types
 Air heater blower
 Long retractable soot blower
 Wall blower

Engineering
Marianne Muellerleile (born November 26, 1948) is an American actress. She played Norma Bates (2000-2008) in the NBC soap opera Passions. In The Terminator in 1984, she also played a woman with a name similar to Arnold Schwarzenegger's confidant and love interest. Muellerleile was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
1948 births
Living people
State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC; ) is a company owned by the government of the People's Republic of China which provides electricity to Northern China, Northeastern China, Eastern China, Central China and Northwestern China.

Website
 State Grid Corporation of China

Electric power companies
Companies of the People's Republic of China
China Southern Power Grid () is a company owned by the government of the People's Republic of China. It provides electricity transmission and distribution to Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan provinces.

Website
 China Southern Power Grid 

Electric power companies
Companies of the People's Republic of China
Excitation is a process to create a magnetic field from electric current. This process is used in electric machines (generators or motors) whose rotor spins in a magnetic field. This magnetic field can come from a permanent magnet or field coils. In the case of electric machine with field coils, a current must flow to the coil to generate the magnetic field, so that the field coils can act as a "magnet", like in the case of electric machine with permanent magnet. The device in which excitation happens is called the exciter.

Electricity
A switchgear is a combination of electrical switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect or isolate electrical equipment.

Electricity
Jane Child (also  Jane Richman; born February 15, 1967) is a Canadian musician. She sang the song "Don't Wanna Fall in Love" which was #2 on Billboard Hot 100 in spring 1990. She also sang other hits. Child was born in Toronto, Ontario.

References

Musicians from Ontario
1967 births
Living people
"Don't Wanna Fall in Love" (also titled "Don't Want to Fall in Love") is a 1990 pop and romantic dance song. It peaked at #2 across the Billboard in spring of 1990. A new jack swing remix for the song was released later that year. The single is by Jane Child. This is the only Top 40 charting single from Child. In the United Kingdom, however, it peaked at only #22 due to Child not wanting to appear on a popular British television show for fear of being classified a sellout.

1990 songs
Pop songs
Ma Ying-jeou (, born 13 July 1950) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the President of the Republic of China from 20 May 2008 to 20 May 2016.

Early life
Ma Ying-jeou was born in Kwong Wah Hospital in Kowloon, British Hong Kong on 13 July 1950. He studied in National Taiwan University, New York University and Harvard University.

References

Other websites

Official ROC President's website
Ma Ying-jeou Official Website (Traditional Chinese) 
CityMayors article
Kuomintang Official Website
Taipei City Government Official Website
Protesters say measures recall the martial law era
DPP-incited disturbance condemned in Taiwan (Xinhua) 2008-11-06
Taiwan DPP Chair leads the "anti-China" rally to besiege the city and Grand Hotel 

1950 births
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Mayors of Taipei
New York University alumni
Hong Kong politicians
Taiwanese military people
Presidents of the Republic of China
British Hong Kong () was a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom. It was Hong Kong when it was controlled as part of the British Empire. The British governed Hong Kong from 1841 to 1997, except for a small amount of time when the Japanese took over Hong Kong during World War II. During the First Opium War in 1841, the British took over Hong Kong Island. The British took over the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and the New Territories in 1898.

History

Hong Kong was given by the Qing Dynasty to the British Empire in 1841 under the Treaty of Nanking. Kowloon was added to the area of Hong Kong in 1860 under the Convention of Peking, and New Territories was added in 1898 under the Second Convention of Peking. In 1941–1945, Hong Kong was ruled by the Japanese Empire during World War II. In 1984, People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom agreed under Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong that Hong Kong was to be returned to China on 1 July 1997.
Japanese occupation
The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, also known as “Hong Kong Fallen/The Fall of Hong Kong”, lasted from December 25, 1941 to August 15, 1945. The Hong Kong population called this event as the “Three years and eight months”.  On the same day when the Japanese troops attacked Pearl Harbor, the Japanese General Takashi Sakai lead his troops to attack Hong Kong from Bao’an Country. In December 25, 1941, the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong signed the surrender agreement to the Japanese in a hotel named “The Peninsula Hong Kong”. Nine days after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, on August 15, 1945, the Emperor of Japan surrendered, signifying the end of the Second World War. At the end of August, the British once again took the control of Hong Kong back from Japan, and set up a marshal government.

Growth of economy
Growth of economy 

During the Qing Dynasty, the British wanted to make Victoria Harbour the biggest harbour in East Asia. The British also wanted to grow its sea trade in the Far East through Victoria Harbor. 20 years after the British took over  Hong Kong, in 1861, this harbour was named Victoria Harbour, after the Queen of England at the time. The British also expanded the city on Hong Kong Island (香港岛). Hong Kong's economy today is very strong and always growing. It all would not have been possible, however, without the shipping, banking, merchants, and industrial growth from the British being there. The British Navy had an especially large role in shipping and protection of goods. During that time, the British Navy was stronger than any other navy in the world, and was able to protect the trade interests of the British Empire. After World War II had started, many merchant and banking businesses moved to Hong Kong, at the same time as the Industrial growth really took off.
The Independent Commission Against Corruption(ICAC/廉政公署) was established in February 15, 1974. It Is a system that is self-standing, Independent and controlled only by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Hong Kong Disciplined Services. Hong Kong Disciplined Services is a system include Hong Kong Police Force, Immigration Department, Customs and Excise Department, Fire Services Department, Correctional Services Department, Government Flying Service, Civil Aid Service and Auxiliary Medical Service. In the 1960’s through the 1970s, the population of Hong Kong had increased immensely alongside the sudden explosion of Hong Kong’s economy. The sudden growth unfortunately led to widespread corruption. When British Hong Kong faced this issue, their government had to focus on maintaining the order of society. Since its inception in 1974, ICAC had used a “three-pronged approach” to tackle corruption in each of the three branches of government
. Three pronged approach” is a unique strategy to fight corruption on three front, which is Operation Department (Law enforcement), Corruption Prevention Department (Prevention), and Community Relation Department (Education).
During the 1960s through the 1970s, the corruption in Hong Kong was a really serious issue because the population in Hong Kong had increased really quickly. Resource allocation was a huge part of corruption in the 1960s. For example, the lower class workers that worked for the government were often taken advantage of because their advantage would allocate a portion of their pay for themselves. This meant that lower class workers always only ever saw a fragment of their actual paycheck.

References

Other websites
"Official website of the British Hong Kong Government". Archived from the original on 24 December 1996. Retrieved 2013-03-26.

History of Hong Kong
Former British colonies
Former colonies in Asia
Elizabeth Debicki (August 1990) is an Australian actress. She played Jordan Baker in The Great Gatsby. Her career began in 2011. The actress was born in Paris, France.

References

Australian movie actors
1990 births
Living people
Actors from Paris
Actors from Melbourne
Bastille are an English Indie rock band. They started in London in 2010. In February 2013, they released a single called "Pompeii". It was number one in Scotland and Ireland. It reached number two in Italy and the UK. They released their first album, Bad Blood, on 4 March 2013 in the United Kingdom. It went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart. It was released in the US in September 2013. It reached number eleven in the United States' Billboard 200. It also reached the top ten in Ireland and Australia. 

Bastille have four members. Daniel Campbell Smith is the main singer. At first he was the only member. He writes all of the band's songs. Chris "Woody" Wood is the drummer. Will Farquarson plays bass, keyboards, and acoustic guitar. Kyle Jonathan Simmons plays keyboards, bass, and percussion. Charlie Barnes has been a touring member since 2015 and plays guitar and keyboards.
Band members
Current members
 Dan Smith – lead vocals, piano, keyboards, guitar (2010–present) 
 Kyle Simmons – piano, keyboards, backing vocals, bass (2010–present)
 Will Farquarson – guitar, bass, backing vocals, piano, keyboards (2010–present)
 Chris "Woody" Wood – drums, percussion, backing vocals (2010–present)

Touring members
 Charlie Barnes – guitar, piano, keyboards, synthesizers, backing vocals, percussion, bass (2015–present)

Studio albums 
 Bad Blood (2013)
 Wild World (2016)
 Doom Days (2019)
 Give Me the Future (2022)

References

2010s British music groups
English rock bands
Musical groups established in 2010
Musical groups from London
Musical quartets
Nicholle Tom (born 23 March, 1978) is an American television program and movie actress. She played Maggie Sheffield in the sitcom The Nanny (1993 to 1999) and Ryce Newton in the Beethoven movies and related TV show. Her sister, Heather Tom, also acts. Nicholle Tom was born in Hinsdale, Illinois.

Reference

Other websites
 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Illinois
1978 births
Living people
Mark LoMonaco (born July 14, 1971) is an American professional wrestler. He currently works for Impact Wrestling where he competes under the ring name, Bully Ray.

He is also known for working with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1995 to 1999 under the ring name Buh Buh Ray Dudley and for World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E) under the name, Bubba Ray Dudley. He is known for being one-half of the tag team, Dudley Boyz (also known as Team 3D) along with Devon.

Championships
All Japan Pro Wrestling
World's Strongest Tag Determination League (2005) (with Brother Devon)
Cauliflower Alley Club
Other honoree (1997) (with Brother Devon)
Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (eight times) (with D-Von Dudley)
Hustle
Hustle Super Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Brother Devon)
New Japan Pro Wrestling
IWGP Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Brother Devon)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Match of the Year (2000) (with D-Von Dudley vs. Edge and Christian and The Hardy Boyz in a Triangle Ladder match at WrestleMania 2000)
PWI Match of the Year (2001) (with D-Von Dudley vs. Edge and Christian and The Hardy Boyz in a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match at WrestleMania X-Seven)
PWI Tag Team of the Year (2001, 2009) (with D-Von Dudley)
He was ranked #4 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.
He was ranked #354 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Heavyweight Championship (two times)
TNA World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Brother Devon)
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Brother Devon)
TNA Tag Team Tournament (2013) (with Devon)
World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment
WCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with D-Von Dudley)
World Tag Team Championship (eight times) (with D-Von Dudley)
WWE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with D-Von Dudley)
WWF/E Hardcore Championship (ten times)
References

Other websites
TNA profile 

1971 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Impact Wrestling people
Former WWE wrestlers
Victoria Loren "Tori" Kelly (born December 14, 1992) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She won America's Most Talented Kids in 2004. She is known for voicing Meena the Elephant in Sing and Sing 2. Kelly was born in Wildomar, California.

In 2010, she was on American Idol. She was not chosen as one of the final twenty-four contestants. On January 21, 2012, Kelly put a video on her YouTube channel of her singing "Thinkin Bout You" by Frank Ocean. A lot of people watched it. It now has over 17 million views. 

In May 2012, she released her first extended play Handmade Songs. On November 1, 2013, Kelly sang at Ed Sheeran's concert at New York's Madison Square Garden. In an interview with BBC, Kelly said that Sheeran is "a really close friend". They have written a song together.

Kelly married basketball player André Murillo in 2018. She won two Grammy Awards in 2019.
On July 23, 2023, Kelly was hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center after collapsing at a restaurant in Los Angeles. Blood clots had been found in her body around her vital organs, and she is currently receiving treatment.

References

1992 births
Singer-songwriters from California
Living people
Actors from California
American movie actors
American voice actors
Television personalities from California
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from California
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
American pop singers
American pop musicians
American soul singers
American soul musicians
American gospel musicians
American gospel singers
American guitarists
Ella Eyre (born 1 April 1994) is a British singer-songwriter. She sang on Rudimental's single "Waiting All Night". It was number one in the UK Singles Chart in April 2013.

Early life
Eyre was raised in Ealing, London. She went to a private school called Millfield and the BRIT School for Performing Arts & Technology.

Career
Eyre was signed to Warner/Chappell Music in July 2012.

Eyre sung on the fourth song on Naughty Boy's album Hotel Cabana. The album was released in August 2013. The song, "Think About It", was then released as the album's fourth single on 17 November 2013. It reached number 78 in the UK Singles Chart.

On 19 October 2013 Eyre performed at the Music of Black Origin Awards. "Waiting All Night" was nominated for Best Song.

On 31 October 2013 BBC Radio 1Xtra played Eyre's first solo single, "Deeper". She was also interviewed by DJ MistaJam. On 22 November Eyre released the video for the single.
On 4 November 2013, British rapper Tinie Tempah released his second album Demonstration. Eyre sung on the first song on the album, "Someday (Place in the Sun)".
She was nominated for MTV Brand New 2014 on 28 November 2013. Other nominees were The Vamps, Eylar Fox, and Banks. In December MTV started letting the public vote for the winner. In February MTV will tell the public who got the most votes.

On 5 December 2013 BBC put her on their Sound of 2014 list. She was also nominated for the 2014 Brit Awards Critics' Choice award.

Her first EP Deeper was released on 15 December 2013 by Virgin/EMI.

Personal life
Eyre is dating John Newman.

References

Other websites
Official website

1994 births
Living people
British R&B musicians
British soul musicians
English pop singers
People from Ealing
Singer-songwriters from London
Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) is considered to be the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology.  Psychodynamic therapy looks closely at the unconscious drives that motivate people to act in certain ways.

The role of the mind is something that Freud repeatedly talks about because he believes that the mind is responsible for both conscious and unconscious decisions based on drives and forces. Unconscious desires motivate people to act accordingly.  The id, ego, and superego are three aspects of the mind, which Freud believes, makes up a person’s personality.  “We are simply actors in the drama of our minds, pushed by desire, pulled by coincidence.  Underneath the surface, our personalities represent the power struggle going on deep within us” (Cash, Psychology for Dummies).
Freud does not believe there is any supernatural force that affects the way we think or has pre-programmed us to behave in a certain way.  His idea of the id explains why people act out in certain ways, when it is not in line with the ego or superego. Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires." (Freud). Freud believes that people rely on religion to give explanations for anxieties and tension they do not want to consciously believe in.  The basis of Christian theology states, “God created humanity in his image” (Genesis 1:27), but Freud argues that humanity created God in their image.  This reverses the idea of any type of religion because he believes that religion is constructed by the mind.   The role of the mind is something that Freud repeatedly talks about because he believes that the mind is responsible for both conscious and unconscious decisions based on drives and forces
. The idea that religion causes people to behave in a moral way is incorrect according to Freud because he believes that no other force has the power to control the ways in which people act.  Unconscious desires motivate people to act accordingly. Freud does a significant amount of research studying how people act and interact in a group setting.  He believes that people act in different ways according to the demands and constraints of the group as a whole.  In his book Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, Freud argues that the church and organized religion forms an “artificial group” which requires an external force to keep it together.  In this type of group, everything is dependent on that external force and without it, the group would no longer exist.  Groups are necessary, according to Freud, in order to decrease the narcissism in all people by creating libidinal ties with others by placing everyone at an equal level
.  The commonness among different people with different egos allows people to identify with one another.  This relates to the idea of religion because Freud believes that people created religion in order to create these group ties that they unconsciously seek for.
According to Freud’s many theories of religion, the Oedipus complex is utilized in the understanding and mastery of religious beliefs. In Freud’s psychosexual stages, he mentions the Oedipus complex and the Electra complex and how they affect children and their relationships with their same-sex parental figure. According to Freud, there is an unconscious desire for one’s mother to be a virgin and for one’s father to be an all-powerful, almighty figure. Freud’s interest in Greek mythology and religion greatly influenced his psychological theories. The Oedipus complex is when a boy is jealous of his father. The boy strives to possess his mother and ultimately replace his father as a means of no longer having to fight for her undivided attention and affection. Along with seeking his mother’s love, boys also experience castration anxiety, which is the fear of losing their genitalia. Boys fear that their fathers will retaliate and castrate them as a result of desiring one’s mother
. While the Oedipus complex presents itself in males, females experience a different form of incestuous rivalry known as the Electra complex. Girls become jealous of their mothers and begin to feel desire towards their fathers. Females also experience penis envy which is the parallel reaction to the male experience of castration anxiety. Females are jealous of their fathers’ penis and wish to have one as well. Girls then repress this feeling and instead long for a child of their own. This suppression leads to the girl identifying with her mother and acquiring feminine traits.
Psychoanalytic theory

Id
According to Freud, the id is the part of the unconscious that seeks pleasure. His idea of the id explains why people act out in certain ways, when it is not in line with the ego or superego.  The id is the part of the mind which holds all of humans' most basic and primal instincts.  It is the impulsive, unconscious part of the mind that is based on desire to seek immediate satisfaction.  The id does not have a grasp on any form of reality or consequence.  Freud explains that the pleasure principle is controlled by the id because it makes people engage in need-satisfying behavior without any accordance to what is right or wrong.  Freud compares the id and the ego to a horse and a rider.  The id is compared to the horse, which is directed and controlled by the ego (the rider).  This example goes to show that although the id is supposed to be controlled by the ego, they often interact with one another according to the drives of the id.
Ego
In order for people to maintain a realistic sense here on earth, the ego is responsible for creating balance between pleasure and pain.  It is impossible for all desires of the id to be met and the ego realizes this but continues to seek pleasure and satisfaction. Although the ego does not know the difference between right and wrong, it is aware that not all drives can be met at a given time.   The reality principle is what the ego operates by in order to help satisfy the id’s demands as well as compromising according to reality.  The ego is a person’s “self,” composed of unconscious desires.  The ego takes into account ethical and cultural ideals in order to balance out the desires originating in the id.  Although both the id and the ego are unconscious, the ego has close contact with the perceptual system.  The ego has the function of self-preservation, which is why it has the ability to control the instinctual demands from the id.
Superego
The superego, which develops around age four or five, incorporates the morals of society.  Freud believes that the superego is what allows the mind to control its impulses that are looked down upon morally.  The superego can be considered to be the conscience of the mind because it has the ability to distinguish between reality as well as what is right or wrong.  Without the superego Freud believes people would act out with aggression and other immoral behaviors because the mind would have no way of understanding the difference between right and wrong.  The superego is considered to be the “consciousness” of a person’s personality and can override the drives from the id. Freud separates the superego into two separate categories: the ideal self and the conscious.  The conscious contains ideals and morals that exist within society that prevent people from acting out based on their internal desires.  The ideal self contains images of how people ought to behave according to society's ideals.
The unconscious mind
Freud believed that the answers to what controlled daily actions resided in the unconscious mind, despite alternative views that all our behaviors were conscious. Notions of the unconsciousness, gaps in the consciousness, can be explained by other acts of which the consciousness affords no evidence. The unconscious mind positions itself in every aspect our life whether one is dormant or awake. It is more than just a habitat for our undesired memories, we are at loss to what truly exists here. Though unaware of the effect of the unconscious mind, it influences the actions we engage it.  Human behavior should be understood by searching for analysis of mental processes in expressions of individual states. This explanation gives significance to verbal slips and dreams; they are caused by hidden reasons in the mind displayed in concealed forms.
Freud's psychosexual stages
Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is represented amongst five stages. According to Freud, each stage occurs within a specific time frame of one’s life. If one becomes fixated in any of the five stages, he or she will develop personality traits that coincide with the a specific stage and its focus.
Oral stage
The first stage is the oral stage. An infant is in this stage from birth to eighteen months of age. The main focus in the oral stage is pleasure-seeking through the infant’s mouth. During this stage, the need for tasting and sucking becomes prominent in producing pleasure. Oral stimulation is crucial during this stage; if the infant’s needs are not met during this time frame, he or she will be fixated in the oral stage. Fixation in this stage can lead to adult habits such as thumb-sucking, smoking, over-eating, and nail-biting. Personality traits can also develop during adulthood that are linked to oral fixation; these traits can include optimism and independence or pessimism and hostility.
Anal stage
The second stage is the anal stage, which lasts from eighteen months to three years of age. During this stage, the infant’s pleasure seeking centers are located in the bowels and bladder. Parents stress toilet training and bowel control during this time period.  Fixation in the anal stage can lead to anal-retention or anal-expulsion. Anal retentive characteristics include being overly neat, precise, and orderly, while being anal expulsive involves being disorganized, messy, and destructive.
Phallic stage
The third stage in psychosexual development is the phallic stage. This stage begins at 3 years old and ends when the child reaches six years of age. The phallic stage focuses on the genitals as pleasure-seeking areas of the body. Boys in this stage experience the Oedipus complex, while girls experience the Electra complex. In both cases, the child develops incestuous feelings for the parent of the opposite sex. Children tend to develop characteristics of the same-sex parent during this stage. Fixation in the phallic stage has different personality traits depending on one’s gender. Males may take great pride in their masculinity and their sexuality, while women may become flirtatious and promiscuous. In both instances, these personality traits are a sign of low self-esteem and self-worth.
Latency stage
The fourth stage is the latency stage which begins at the age of six and continues until the age of eleven. During this stage there is no pleasure-seeking region of the body; instead all sexual feelings are repressed. Thus, children are able to develop social skills, and find comfort through peer and family interaction.

Genital stage
The final stage of psychosexual development is the genital stage. This stage begins at the age of eleven, lasts through puberty, and ends when one reaches adulthood at the age of eighteen. The onset of puberty reflects a strong interest from one person to another of the opposite sex. If one does not experience fixation in any of the psychosexual stages, once he or she has reached the genital stage he or she will grow into a well-balanced human being.
Anxiety and defense mechanisms
Freud proposed a set of defense mechanisms in one’s body. These set of defense mechanisms occur so one can hold a favorable or preferred view of themselves. For example, in a particular situation when an event occurs that violates one's preferred view of themselves, Freud states that it is necessary for the self to have some mechanism to defend itself against this unfavorable event; this is known as defense mechanisms. Freud’s work on defense mechanisms focuses on how the ego defends itself against internal events or impulses, which are regarded as unacceptable to one’s ego. These defense mechanisms are used to handle the conflict between the id, the ego, and the superego.
Denial: believing that what is true is actually false 
 Displacement: taking out impulses on a less threatening target 
 Intellectualization: avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects 
 Projection: attributing uncomfortable feelings to others 
 Rationalization: creating false but believable justifications 
 Reaction Formation: taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety 
 Regression: going back to a previous stage of development 
 Repression: pushing uncomfortable thoughts out of conscious awareness 
 Suppression: consciously forcing unwanted thoughts out of our awareness 
 Sublimation: redirecting ‘wrong’ urges into socially acceptable actions

These defenses are not under our conscious control, and our unconscious will use one or more to protect one’s self from stressful situations. They are natural and normal. Without these, neurosis develops (such as anxiety states, phobias, obsessions, or hysteria).

Totem and Taboo
Totem and Taboo

Sigmund Freud was born to Jewish parents in a heavily Roman Catholic town. Freud desired to understand religion and spirituality and deals with the nature of religious beliefs in many of his books and essays. He regards God as an illusion, based on the infantile need for a powerful father figure. Freud believed that religion was an expression of underlying psychological neuroses and distress. In some of his writing, he suggests that religion is an attempt to control the Oedipal complex, as he goes on to discuss in his book Totem and Taboo.
In 1913, Freud published the book Totem and Taboo. This book was an attempt to reconstruct the birth and the process of development of religion as a social institution. He wanted to demonstrate how the study of psychoanalysis is important in the understanding of the growth of civilization. This book is about how the Oedipus complex and incest taboo came into being and why they are present in all human societies. The incest taboo rises because of a desire for incest. The purpose of the totemic animal is not for group unity, but to re-enforce the incest taboo. The totemic animal is not a symbol of God, but a symbol of the father and it is an important part of religious development.  Totemism originates from the memory of an event in pre-history where the male group members eat the father figure due to a desire for the females. The guilt they feel for their actions and for the loss of a father figure leads them to prohibit incest in a new way
. Totemism is a means of preventing incest and as a ritual reminder of murder of the father. This shows that sexual desire, since there are many social prohibitions on sexual relations, is channeled through certain ritual actions and all societies adopt these rituals so that sexuality develops in approved ways. This reveals unconscious desires and their repression. Freud believes that civilization makes people unhappy because it contradicts the desire for progress, freedom, happiness, and wealth. Civilization requires repression of drives and instincts - such as sexual, aggression, and death instincts - in order for civilization can work.
According to Freud, religion originated in pre-historic collective experiences that became repressed and ritualized as totems and taboos. He states that most, if not all religions, can be traced back to early human sacrifice - including Christianity, in which Christ on the cross is a symbolic representation of killing the father and eating the father figure. This is shown with ‘the body of Christ’, also known as Communion. In this work, Freud attributes the origin of religion to emotions such as hatred, fear, and jealousy. These emotions are directed towards the father figure in the clan from the sons who are denied sexual desires towards the females. Freud attributed totem religions to be a result of extreme emotion, rash action, and the result of guilt.

The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life is one of the most important books in psychology. It was written by Freud in 1901 and it laid the basis for the theory of psychoanalysis. The book contains twelve chapters on forgetting things such as names, childhood memories, mistakes, clumsiness, slips of the tongue, and determinism of the unconscious. Freud believed that there were reasons that people forget things like words, names, and memories. He also believed that mistakes in speech, now referred to as Freudian slips, were not accidents but instead the “dynamic unconscious” revealing something meaningful.
Freud suggests that our everyday psychopathology is a minor disturbance of mental life which may quickly pass away. Freud believed all of these acts to have an important significance; the most trivial slips of the tongue or pen may reveal people's secret feelings and fantasies. Pathology is brought into the everyday life which Freud points out through dreams, forgetfulness, and parapraxes. He uses these things to make his case for the existence of an unconscious that refuses to be explained or contained by consciousness. Freud explains how the forgetting of multiple events in our everyday life can be consequences of repression, suppression, denial, displacement, and identification. Defense mechanisms occur to protects one’s ego so in The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, Freud states, “painful memories merge into motivated forgetting which special ease” (p. 154)
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
Freud wrote Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, sometimes titled Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex, in 1905. It explores and analyzes his theory of sexuality and its presence throughout childhood. Freud’s book describes three main topics in reference to sexuality: sexual perversions, childhood sexuality, and puberty. His first essay in this series is called The Sexual Aberrations. This essay focuses on the distinction between a sexual object and a sexual aim. A sexual object is the object that one desires, while the sexual aim is the acts that one desires to perform with the object. 

Freud’s second essay was explained Infantile Sexuality. During this essay he insists that children have sexual urges. The psychosexual stages are the steps a child must take in order to continue having sexual urges once adulthood is reached.
The third essay Freud wrote described The Transformation of Puberty. In this essay he examines how children express their sexuality throughout puberty and how sexual identity is formed during this time frame. 

Freud ultimately attempted to link unconscious sexual desires to conscious actions in each of his essays.

Dreams
The Interpretation of Dreams is one Sigmund Freud’s greatest published works known to date because of the stage it set for his psychoanalytic work. During therapy sessions, Freud would ask his patients to talk about whatever would first come to their mind, usually their responses directly related to a dream. He then began to analyze their dreams, believing that this gave him access to their deepest thoughts. He also believed he could find links between his patients' current hysterical behaviors and past traumatic experiences. From here he began to formulate a book to allow others to understand dream interpretation, by using his current theory of the unconscious.
Freud categorized dreams into different levels in order to better understand the unconscious as the primary standard for dream interpretation. The first level of dreams is the manifest content, which is the dream one remembers after waking up. But Freud believed no attention should be given to this level, because the unconscious mind produced the dream into a different meaning from its original. Latent content is the second level of dreams, which is the real dream amongst your unconscious thoughts. This is where the true meaning of the dream lies and turned into another sense to protect ourselves.  In order for our dreams to convert from latent content to manifest content, four steps are required: condensation, displacement, symbolism, and secondary revision. A special focus on symbolism was emphasized in interpretation. Freud believed that dreams are highly symbolic, with an underlying principle meaning
. Most of the symbolic stages focuses on sexually connotation (for example, a tree branch could represent a part of the male genitals). He also believed all human behavior originated from our sexual drives and desires.
References
 Anxiety and Ego-Defense Mechanisms. (n.d.). Anxiety and Ego-Defense Mechanisms. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://homepages.rpi.edu/~verwyc/defmech.htm 
Freuds book. (1998). PBS. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dh00fr.html
 Green, C. (n.d.). Classics in the History of Psychology—Freud (1901) Index. Classics in the History of Psychology—Freud (1901) Index. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Freud/Psycho/
 Id, Ego and Superego. (n.d.). Id Ego Superego. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html
Lapsley, Daniel. "The Id, Ego and Superego." Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 2nd Ed, 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
 McLeod, S. (n.d.). Defense Mechanisms. - Simply Psychology. Retrieved December 03, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/defense-mechanisms.html
McLeod, S. A. (2008). Psychosexual Stages - Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.html
Roberts, A. (n.d.). Extracts from Sigmund Freud's Totem and Taboo (1913). Extracts from Sigmund Freud's Totem and Taboo (1913). Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://studymore.org.uk/xfre1913.htm
 Sammons, A. (n.d.). Psychodynamic approach: The basics. Psychodynamic Approach: The Basics. Retrieved November, 2013
 Solms, Mark. "The “Id” Knows More than the “Ego” Admits: Neuropsychoanalytic and Primal Consciousness Perspectives on the Interface Between Affective and Cognitive Neuroscience." Www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci/. Brain Sciences, 16 Apr. 2012. Web. Dec. 2013.
Strachey, J. (Trans.). (1922). Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego. The International Psycho-analytical Library, 6. Retrieved December, 2013.
 Strong reading. (2013, August 14). : Sigmund Freud. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://strongreading.blogspot.com/2011/08/sigmund-freud-totem-and-taboo.html
The Freud Museum. (n.d.). Freud Museum ~ Education. Retrieved from http://www.freud.org.uk/education/topic/10573/freud-and-religion/
The life of Sigmund Freud. (2004). PBS. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/questionofgod/twolives/freudbio.html
Thornton, S. P. (2001, April 16). Sigmund Freud. Freud, Sigmund []. Retrieved from http://www.iep.utm.edu/freud/
 Understanding the Id, Ego, and Superego in Psychology. (n.d.). - For Dummies. Retrieved from http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/understanding-the-id-ego-and-superego-in-psycholog.html
Wilson, K. (n.d.). Introduction to Sigmund Freud's theory of Dreams. Insomnium. Retrieved from http://dreams.insomnium.co.uk/dream-theory/introduction-freud-theory-on-dreams
Other websites
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic Psychology
Biography on Sigmund Freud
The Last Great Enlightenment Thinker
 Freud's Belief in God
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis
Carlene Denise Moore-Begnaud (born August 27, 1973) is an American professional wrestler and manager. She is better known by her ring name Jazz. She is best known for her time at World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). She was a two-time WWE Women's Champion. She has also wrestled for the National Wrestling Alliance, where she held the NWA World Women's Championship for over 900 days.

She is also known for her time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and Impact Wrestling. She retired as a wrestler after Impact. 

She is married to Rodney Begnaud. He wrestled in WWE under the ring name Rodney Mack.
Championships
Downsouth Championship Wrestling
DCW Louisiana State Championship (one time)
NWA Cyberspace
NWA Cyberspace Women's Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked her #13 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2012.
Women Superstars Uncensored
WSU Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Marti Belle)
WSU Hall of Fame (2010)
Women's Extreme Wrestling
WEW World Championship (one time)
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
WWF/E Women's Championship (two times)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1973 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Louisiana
Former WWE wrestlers
People from Lafayette, Louisiana
Lungs is the first album by Florence and the Machine. It was released on 3 July 2009. The album went straight to number two in the UK Albums Chart. The album was nominated for the 2009 Mercury Prize. It won the MasterCard British Album award at the 2010 BRIT Awards. It has sold more than three million copies around the world.

Singles
Three singles were released from Lungs before it was released. The first single from the album, "Kiss with a Fist", was released on June 9 2008. The second single, "Dog Days Are Over" was released 1 December 2008. On 22 June 2009 "Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up)" was released. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number nine. "Drumming Song" was released on 13 September 2009. On 16 November 2009 "You've Got the Love" was released. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart. It was the album's fifth single. The last single released from the album was "Cosmic Love".

References

2009 albums
Boos (japanese: テレサ Teresa) is a fictional ghost that appears in the Mario and Yoshi series of video games. Boos first appeared in Super Mario Bros. 3. In which they were named "Boo Diddley". Since then, they have become a common enemy in the Mario games. They sometimes appear as playable characters in the Mario spin-off games. In some games, such as Paper Mario, they help Mario during his adventure. They are named after the sound that a person might make when they want to scare someone ("boo!"). 

Boos most often attack the player by sneaking up behind the player while the player's back is turned to them. When the player looks at them, they will hide their faces. They cannot be defeated without certain items or abilities. Boo are voiced by Sanae Susaki.

References

Other websites
Boo at Super Mario Wiki

Mario series characters
Priscilla Renea (born September 14, 1988) is an American singer. She released the single "Dollhouse" in August 2009. The song, however, failed to chart on Billboard Hot 100. It did, though, become a mild hit. Her debut album, Jukebox, got positive reviews from critics. Jukebox did not sell much beyond 3,000 copies in the United States, nor beyond 5,000 copies worldwide.

Renea was born in Vero Beach, Florida.

References

Musicians from Florida
American R&B musicians
1988 births
Living people
"Marvins Room" is a song by Drake. It is a dark and emotional song that tells a story of heartache, and a failed relationship. It is off his album Take Care. The song was so successful many artists made their own versions of the song, including: Lil Wayne, Chris Brown, JoJo, Trey Songz.

2011 songs
Drake (musician) songs
Rhythm and blues ballads
AMC is an American cable and satellite television channel. The channel is owned by AMC Networks and airs television shows and movies. AMC stands for American Movie Classics, which the channel was first based around. Currently is referred to as  AMC due to its primary shift from only movies to also featuring television shows.

History

Beginning
In 1984 on October 1, the AMC television channel aired for the time as a premium channel, showing only movie classics. It was on in the evening, and frequently held special events such as marathons and sometimes movies that generally were not aired  as classics. In 1988 it had been recorded that AMC had 39 million subscribers in the United States, making it one of the most subscribed to premium channels. Two years later, in 1990, AMC started airing 24 hours, and had been picked up by most cable providers.
Expansion
In 2002 AMC switched from airing only movie classics to modern movies of all genres and television shows. During this switch, they also started using a new logo "Story Matters Here". In 2004 AMC aired its first original show called Film Fakers. After the success of the show, AMC started adding more original series and movies. The first original drama series, Mad Men. The show received a large number of views and great feedback, resulting in a boom of original shows such as Breaking Bad and Hell on Wheels.
Television Show Boom
After many television awards and critical acclaim from shows like Mad Men and Breaking Bad, AMC started creating many more original shows. During this change, AMC created its well known slogan, "Story Matters Here". The slogan referred to the many shows that had created at the time, many of which had been praised great stories told through them. It was also during this time that The Walking Dead TV show was announced and aired. Currently it holds the title as most watched scripted cable show in history.

Present
Currently, AMC has left its previous slogan for "Something More". It is continuing to air The Walking Dead, which is on its tenth season, along with new shows such as Comic Book Men and Small Town Security. It has been announced that it will be picking up two new shows, Halt & Catch Fire and Turn, two period dramas that will be airing in 2014. This year, the only new show is Mob City, a scripted show about the Los Angeles Police Department.

Shows
Shows

Archived
Breaking Bad
Broken Trail
Rubicon (TV series)
Talking Bad
The Killing (U.S. TV series)
Hell on Wheels (TV series)
Low Winter Sun
Mad Men
The Prisoner (2009 miniseries)
Comic Book Men
Freakshow (TV series)
Preacher
Small Town Security

Airing
The Walking Dead
Better Call Saul
Talking Dead
Dispatches from Elsewhere

Webisodes
The Walking Dead: The Oath
The Walking Dead: Cold Storage
The Walking Dead: Torn Apart
The Trivial Pursuits of Arthur Banks

AMCTV.com

AMCTV.com is an website provides special features for users, such as the airing schedule, blogs, videos, games.

Schedule
This online feature allows viewers to see what date and time shows are airing, as well as when new episodes will be available. Another the schedule allows users to do, is know when AMC movies will be airing. A recently added ability allows users to see all of when a specific episode is going to be rerun.