Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Other websites 

1967 comedy movies
Academy Award winning movies
American black comedy movies
American satirical movies
1960s English-language movies
Movies set in Manhattan
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by Mel Brooks
1960s black comedy movies‏
MyNetworkTV is an broadcast syndication channel in the United States. It is owned by The Walt Disney Company, Fox Corporation and Fox Television Stations. It is a major network. Their sisters channels is Fox and ABC.

Programs
List of programs broadcast by MyNetworkTV

References
"Fall Premieres - TV Grid", Orange County Register, September 14, 2007

MyNetworkTV series and specials from The Futon Critic Showatch
MyNetworkTV schedule  at MyNetworkTV.com

American television networks
Fox Broadcasting Company
2006 establishments in the United States
Currently Airing Off-Network Repeats
Mondays:
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2011–18; 2019–present)

Tuesdays:
Cold Case (2011–12)

Wednesdays:
Burn Notice (2010–12)

Thursdays:
Without a Trace (2009–12)

Fridays:
Monk (2010–14)

Formerly broadcast

Telenovelas
American Heiress (2007)
Desire (2006)
Fashion House (2006)
Saints & Sinners (2007)
Watch Over Me (2006–2007)
Wicked Wicked Games (2006–2007)

Music
Control Room Presents (2007–2008)

Reality
The Academy (2007)
Breaking the Magician's Code: Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed (2007–2009)
Celebrity Exposé (2007–2009)
Decision House (2007–2008)
Jail (2007–2009)
Masters of Illusion (2009)
Meet My Folks (2007–2008)
Paradise Hotel 2 (2008)
Street Patrol (2008–2009)
The Tony Rock Project (2008–2009)
Under One Roof (2008–2009)
Vice Squad (2009)
Whacked Out Videos (2008–2009)
World's Funniest Moments (2008–2009)
Comics Unleashed (2008–2009)
The Best of In Living Color (2007–2008)
Comedy
The Bernie Mac Show (2009–2010)
Scrubs (2009–2011)
The New Adventures of Old Christine (2010–2011)

Drama
The Twilight Zone (2008–2009)
The Unit (2009–2010)
Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2010–2011)

Game Shows
Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (2009–2011)
Deal or No Deal (2009–2010)
Don't Forget the Lyrics! (2010–2011)

Sports
IFL Battleground (2007–2008)
WWE SmackDown    (2008–2010)

Movies
My Thursday Night Movie (2009–2010)
My Friday Night Movie (2007–2008)
My Saturday Night Movie (2008–2009)
Specials
World Music Awards (2007)
Happy Birthday, Elton (2007)
Hawaiian Tropic International Beauty Pageant (2007)
Ujena Bikini Jam (2007)
Hooters Dream Girl Challenge
Night of a Million Laughs: Comics Unleashed (2007)
Eddie Murphy: 25th Anniversary of 'Delirious' (2007)
Taurus World Stunt Awards (2007)
Celebrity Daredevils (2007)
AVP Volleyball specials (2007–2008)
Santa's Funniest Moments (2007)
Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen (2007)
Christmas Glory: In the Key of Love (2007)
Christmas at the Cathedral (2007)
World Magic Awards (2007)
Masters of Illusion: Impossible Magic (2008)
Secrets of Psychics Revealed (2008)
The Harlem Globetrotters 80th Anniversary Special (2008)
Impossible Escapes (2008)
Heroes Among Us: The 2008 Hero Awards (2008)
The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars (2008)
WrestleMania XXIV (2008)

References
"Fall Premieres - TV Grid" skup mieszkań, Orange County Register, September 14, 2007
MyNetworkTV series and specials from The Futon Critic Showatch
MyNetworkTV schedule  at MyNetworkTV.com

Television
Meu Bem Querer (My Wishing Well) is a Brazilian historical telenovela. It was first shown in 1998. The series starred Murilo Benício, Alessandra Negrini, Leonardo Brício and Flávia Alessandra.

Cast

References

Other websites
 

1998 television series debuts
Brazilian telenovelas
1990s Brazilian television series
History
Infantry guns were the first type of artillery used by armed forces, first in China, and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion. At first they were simple cast barrels called pots de fer in French, or vasi in Italian. These weapons were small, immobile, and fired large bolts or quarrels. As the barrels became longer, a way had to be found to move the guns. This led to two different solutions. One was the very light hand-gun, which became the arquebus. The other was to place the gun on wheeled carriages, such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane, the 1-pounder Falcon, and the 3/4-pounder Falconet. These lighter Renaissance pieces led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder regimental guns of the 17th century, notably in the army of Gustavus Adolphus. The light field guns of the 17th century, known as a drake in England, came in almost 100 different calibres. Each had its own name, some of which were:
5 pound, 3½ inch saker, weighing 1 ton
4 pound, 3 inch minion, weighing 3/4 ton
2 pound, 2¾ inch falcon, weighing 1/4 ton
1 pound, 2 inch falconet, weighing 200lbs
¾ pound, ¼ inch robinet, weighing 100lbs
The saker and falcon had ranges of 360 and 320 yards if fired straight at the target, and 2,170 and 1,920 yards if fired in an upward arc.

Although oxen were used to pull the heavier field and siege guns, some on wagons rather than limbers, they were too slow to keep up with the infantr. Horses were used to pull the lighter pieces, leading to the development of the artillery carriage and horse team that survived until the late 19th century.

Related pages
 List of infantry guns

References

Artillery
L'elisir d'amore () is an Italian comic opera in two acts.  The music was written by Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre (1831).

The opera was first performed at the Teatro della Canobbiana, Milan, Italy on May 12, 1832. L'elisir d'amore is number 12 on the Operabase list of the most performed operas in the world. The aria "Una furtiva lagrima" () is very famous. In 1840, Richard Wagner arranged the opera for piano.  W. S. Gilbert wrote a parody of the opera called Dulcamara, or the Little Duck and the Great Quack in 1866.

Roles

Plot 
Place: A small village in the Basque Country. 
[The Schirmer English edition of the score states that the action takes place 'In a small Italian Village'].
Time: The end of the 18th century

Act 1
Act 1 

Nemorino, a poor peasant, is in love with Adina, a beautiful landowner. She torments him with her seeming indifference. When Nemorino hears Adina reading to her workers the story of Tristan and Isolde, he considers using a magic potion to gain Adina's love. He is afraid she loves  Sergeant Belcore. The Sergeant appears with his regiment. He proposes marriage to Adina. The traveling quack salesman, Dulcamara arrives, selling his bottled cure-all to the townspeople. Nemorino asks Dulcamara if he has anything like Isolde's love potion. Dulcamara says he does. He sells it to Nemorino at a price matching the contents of Nemorino's pockets. The bottle contains only wine. In order to make a timely escape, Dulcamara tells Nemorino the potion will not take effect until the next day. Nemorino drinks it, feeling its effects immediately.
Adina's outdoor wedding party is in full swing. Dr. Dulcamara is there, and performs a song with Adina to entertain the guests. The notary arrives to make the marriage official. Adina is sad to see that Nemorino has not appeared. Everyone goes inside to sign the wedding contract. But Dulcamara stays outside, helping himself to food and drink. Nemorino appears, having seen the notary, realizes that he has lost Adina. He sees the Doctor and frantically begs him for more elixir, of the type that will work immediately. But because Nemorino has no money, the Doctor refuses, disappearing inside. The Sergeant emerges, alone, wondering aloud why Adina has suddenly put off the wedding and the signing of the contract. Nemorino spots his rival, but is powerless to do anything. The Sergeant asks about Nemorino's dejection. When Nemorino says he has no money Belcore immediately suggests that if he joins the army he'll be paid immediately
. He produces a contract, which Nemorino signs (with an X) in return for the cash Belcore gives him on the spot. Nemorino privately vows to fly to Dulcamara for more potion, while Belcore muses that he has easily dispatched of his rival by sending him off to war.
Later that evening the women of the village are gossiping that Nemorino is unaware that he has just inherited a large fortune from his deceased uncle. They spot Nemorino, who has clearly spent his military signing bonus, and has bought and consumed a large amount of 'elixir' (wine again) from Dr. Dulcamara. The women approach Nemorino with overly friendly greetings, the likes of which he has never seen. This is proof to Nemorino that this dose of the elixir has worked. Adina sees Nemorino in a jolly mood and, encountering Dr. Dulcamara, wonders what has gotten into him. Dulcamara, unaware that Adina is the object of Nemorino's affection, tells her the story of the smitten bumpkin who spent his last penny on the elixir, and even signed his life away, joining the army for money to get more, so desperate was he to win the love of some unnamed cruel beauty. Adina immediately realizes Nemorino's sincerity, and regrets teasing him. She falls for Nemorino, basking in the sincerity of his love
. Dulcamara interprets this behavior as some sort of condition requiring a cure by one of his potions.
They depart. Nemorino appears alone, pensive, reflecting on a tear he saw in Adina's eye when he was ignoring her earlier. Based on that tear alone, he is sincerely convinced that Adina loves him. She enters, asking him why he has chosen to join the army and leave the town. When Nemorino says he's seeking a better life, Adina responds by telling him he is loved, and that she has purchased his military contract from Sergeant Belcore. She offers the cancelled contract to Nemorino, asking him to take it. He is free now. She says, however, that if he stays, he will no longer be sad. As he takes the contract Adina turns to leave. Nemorino believes she is abandoning him and flies in to a desperate fit, vowing that if he is not loved, if the elixir has not worked, and the Doctor has fooled him, then he might as well go off and die a soldier. Adina stops him and confesses that she loves him. Nemorino is ecstatic. Adina begs him to forgive her for teasing him. He does so with a kiss
. The sergeant returns, seeing the two in an embrace. Adina explains that she loves Nemorino. The Sergeant takes the news in stride, noting that there are plenty of other women in the world. Dulcamara, his bags packed, pops out of a doorway, adding that he will happily provide elixir for the Sergeant's next conquest. A crowd has gathered by now, all agreeing that the elixir has done its job as they bid a fond farewell to the doctor.
Recordings

References

Other websites 
 Full score with English translation at the International Music Score Library Project  
 Vocal score with English translation
 Karadar.com | Libretto (Italian)
 Stanford.edu | Libretto (Italian)
 Essay by Thomas May for San Francisco Opera  
  & (Occitan) Cross-over between L’Elisir d’amore and the traditional music from County of Nice, France

Compositions by Gaetano Donizetti
1830s operas
Giacomo Leopardi (Recanati June 29, 1798 – Naples June 14, 1837) was an Italian poet, essayist, philosopher, and philologist. He is considered one of the greatest poets of the 19th century. 
Even if he lived in a secluded town in the ultra-conservative Papal States, he came in touch with the main thoughts of the Enlightenment, and, by his own literary evolution, created a remarkable, renowned and pessimist poetic work,the Infinite

Italian poets
Italian philosophers
Deaths from cholera
Infectious disease deaths in Italy
1798 births
1837 deaths
"Good Night" is the first episode of Season 1 of The Simpsons shorts. It was first shown on television on April 19, 1987.

Simple storyline 
Homer and Marge Simpson say good night to their children, Bart, Lisa and Maggie Simpson, but actually scare them with sayings they have not heard of.

Longer storyline 
Homer says good night to his son Bart, but then he asks questions about the mind. Homer tells Bart to relax, and makes a joke about mind and matter. Bart is still scared when the lights are turned off.

In Lisa's bedroom, Marge is good night to her daughter Lisa. After a few sentences, she uses the saying "don't let the bed bugs bite". This scares Lisa as well.

In Maggie's bedroom, Marge sings the lullaby Rock-a-bye Baby, but in Maggie's thoughts she sees herself falling from a tree. Maggie becomes scared from this thought like Bart and Lisa.
In Marge and Homer's bedroom, they say good night to each other thinking they must be the best parents ever. Then Bart, Lisa and Maggie come in the room quickly, and start shouting and complaining. Marge tells them to come into bed with them to make them feel safer, and they go to sleep. Maggie is last, saying "Good night".

Notes 
This is one of Maggie's small amount of words she has said in The Simpsons.

References 

The Simpsons
1987 television series debuts
Brookesia micra is, , the smallest known species of chameleon in the world. It is small enough to stand on the head of a match. It can grow up to  in length.

References

Chameleons
Reptiles of Africa
Airdrie is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. The population of Airdrie was 42,564 in 2011. The mayor of Airdrie is Peter Brown. The city was first established as a railway village in 1889 during the construction of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway and is named after Airdrie, Scotland.

References

Other websites
Official website

Cities in Alberta
The United States men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of the United States, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado and Ann Arbor, Michigan. The team is controlled by USA Hockey.

National ice hockey teams
, also known as a "10-cm" gun, was a cannon of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).  It was used during World War II.  

This artillery piece was used during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

It was intended to supersede the Type 14 105 mm cannon in front line combat service.

History
A Type 92 prototype was completed in 1932.  Less than 200 Type92s were made.

Combat record
The cannon was first used in combat at the Battle of Nomonhan.

In 1942, it was used during the Bataan and Corregidor Island.

On Guadalcanal, the US Marines called these guns "Pistol Petes".

Related pages 
 Artillery of Japan
 List of field guns

References

Other websites

 Type 92 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
 US Technical Manual E 30-480

Japanese weapons
Artillery
Yamato () is a city in central Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.

Geography
Yamato is in the plains of north-central Kanagawa Prefecture.

Nearby cities
Zama
Fujisawa
Ebina
Sagamihara
Ayase
Yokohama
Machida, Tokyo

References

Other websites 

 Official website in Japanese, English and Spanish

Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture
is a Japanese prefecture  at the western end of the Chūgoku region on the island of Honshū. The capital is the city of Yamaguchi.

History 
The area of Yamaguchi Prefecture includes the old provinces of Suō and Nagato.

Geography 
Yamaguchi is at the southern end of Honshū.  The Sea of Japan forms its northern coastline; and the Seto Inland Sea is on its southern coast. Its northeastern border meets Shimane Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture.

Cities
There are 13 cities in Yamaguchi, including

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 7% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Tamanoya jinja and Sumiyoshi jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Notable people from Yamaguchi 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Shinzo Abe 
 Naoto Kan

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

 Yamaguchi Prefecture website
Infantry guns are designed to give direct support for infantry forces.  They fire a range of shells, usually directly at their target.  Most are lightweight and can be manhandled for limited mobility to accompany infantry.

Towed infantry guns

Self-propelled infantry guns 

Self-propelled infantry guns named Assault guns are guns mounted in armored vehicles designed to provide direct fire support for infantry and armored forces.  Typically, the gun is mounted in the hull and the front of the vehicle most heavily armored.

References

Artillery
Lists of weapons
Nocturnal enuresis, also called bedwetting, is a health issue that is often caused by or the symptom of certain health troubles. It happens when a person involuntarily urinates while he or she is asleep. Sometimes people suffering from bedwetting use diapers. Usually this issue is common in newborns and  children.    

Medical signs
The Orion nebula, or  Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976, is a diffuse nebula. It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. It is exceptionally bright because it has O-type stars  at its core. They are the hottest and brightest stars. The nebula is south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion.

M42 is 1,344 ± 20 light years away from us. It is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. Big as it is, the Orion nebula is just part of an even larger star-forming area known as the Orion complex.

Stellar nursery 

The nebula is a huge stellar nursery. 700 stars are in the process of forming there. At its heart is a very young open cluster, known as the Trapezium because of the pattern formed by its main stars.
Recent observations with the Hubble Space Telescope have shown protoplanetary disks inside the Orion Nebula. This is a major discovery. They are called proplyds for short. There are more than 150 of these in the nebula. They are thought to be to be systems in the earliest stages of planetary system formation. The sheer numbers have been used as evidence that the formation of star systems is fairly common in the universe.

Stars form when clumps of hydrogen and other gases in an H II region contract under their own gravity. As the gas collapses, the central clump grows stronger and the gas heats to extreme temperatures by converting gravitational potential energy to thermal energy. If the temperature gets high enough, nuclear fusion will start, and form a protostar. The protostar is 'born' when it begins to emit enough energy to balance out its gravity and halt gravitational collapse.

References 

Nebulae
The Calgary Hitmen are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1995. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Calgary, Alberta at the Scotiabank Saddledome. The teams name pays homage to the nickname of retired professional wrestler Bret Hart. Hart was also a founding member of the Hitmen along with NHL players Theoren Fleury and Joe Sakic. The team has won 2 Ed Chynoweth Cups.

References

Other websites
Official website

1995 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Western Hockey League
Sports teams in Calgary
Bulacan is a province in the Philippines. Its capital is Malolos City. It is in the northern island of Luzon. It is surrounded by the province of Pampanga in the west; Nueva Ecija in the north; Aurora and Quezon in the east; and Metro Manila in the south. 

It is an historic place in the Philippines. Many Filipino heroes and political persons come from Bulacan. It was also the former seat of the national government.

Cities and municipalities 
Bulacan is divided into 3 cities and 21 municipalities (towns):

Cities
 Malolos
 Meycauayan
 San Jose del Monte

Municipalities
 Angat
 Balagtas (old name: Bigaa)
 Baliuag
 Bocaue
 Bulacan
 Bustos
 Calumpit
 Dona Remedios Trinidad
 Guiguinto
 Hagonoy
 Marilao
 Norzagaray
 Obando
 Pandi
 Paombong
 Plaridel
 Pulilan
 San Ildefonso
 San Miguel de Mayumo (shorter name: San Miguel)
 San Rafael
 Santa Maria

References

Provinces of the Philippines
The Everett Silvertips are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2003. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Everett, Washington at the Comcast Arena at Everett. The team is named after the Silvertip bear. The team has won division titles in the 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–2007 seasons, a conference title in the 2003-04 season and a regular season title in the 2006–0

Other websites
Official website

2003 establishments in the United States
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Western Hockey League
Sports in Washington (state)
Everett, Washington
2000s establishments in Washington (state)
The Edmonton Oil Kings are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2007. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Edmonton, Alberta at the Rexall Place.

Other websites
Official website

2007 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Western Hockey League
Sports teams in Edmonton
The Lethbridge Hurricanes are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1987. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Lethbridge, Alberta at the ENMAX Centre. The team was known as the Winnipeg Jets from 1967–73, the Winnipeg Clubs from 1973–76, the Winnipeg Monarchs from 1976–77 and the Calgary Wranglers from 1977–87. They have won 1 Ed Chynoweth Cup in the 1996-97 season.

Other websites
Official website

1987 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Lethbridge
"Chocolate Rain" is a song and music video by Tay Zonday. After being posted on YouTube on April 22, 2007, the song quickly became popular.

References

Other websites
 Tay Zonday's Personal Website

2007 songs
YouTube
CTV Television Network (commonly referred to as CTV) is a Canadian English-language television network.

CTV stations
CTV has many TV stations around Canada. Some of them include:
 CIVT-DT - Vancouver, British Columbia
 CFCN-DT - Calgary, Alberta
 CKCK-DT - Regina, Saskatchewan
 CICC-DT - Yorkton, Saskatchewan
 CKCO-DT - Kitchener, Ontario
 CFCF-DT - Montreal, Quebec

Slogans 
 1961-1966 This is CTV
 1966-1967 The Colour Network
 1967-1974 It's Happening on CTV
 1968-1969 Pleasure Isle (TV promos only)
 1974-1985 For Those Who Want It All
 1985-1987 CTV Entertains You
 1987-1988 You'll See it All on CTV
 1988-1989 The Choice of Canadians
 1989-1990 Watch Yourself on CTV
 1990-1994 Tuned In To You
 1994-1997 This Is CTV
 1997-2005 Canadian Television
 2003-2005 Canada's Watching (alternate slogan)
 2005-2009 Canada's #1 Network

CTV Two
CTV Two 

Since the 2007 acquisition of A Channel by CTVglobemedia as part of the takeover of CHUM Limited, media analysts had speculated that CTV may potentially extend its market-leading CTV brand to that network. It was first rebranded as A in 2008, then as CTV Two on August 29, 2011.

Canadian television networks
1961 establishments in Canada
Companies based in Toronto
A viral video is a video that becomes popular through the process of Internet sharing, usually through video sharing websites, social media and email.

Internet memes
The Kootenay Ice were a Canadian professional ice hockey team that played from 1998 until 2019. They played in the Western Hockey League (WHL). They played their home games in Cranbrook, British Columbia at the Western Financial Place. The team was originally known as the Edmonton Ice from 1996 to 1998 before it moved to Cranbrook in 1998. The team won 1 Memorial Cup in 2002 and 3 Ed Chynoweth Cups in the 1999-00, 2001-02 and 2010-11 seasons.

On January 29, 2019, the Ice said they would be moving to Winnipeg. They moved at the end of the 2018-19 season.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1998 establishments in Canada
2010s disestablishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Defunct sports teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in British Columbia
The Medicine Hat Tigers are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1970. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Medicine Hat, Alberta at the Medicine Hat Arena. The Tigers have won two national Memorial Cups, five WHL League Championships and seven Division Titles.

Other websites
Official website

1970 establishments in North America
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
1970s establishments in Canada
The Red Deer Rebels are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1992. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Red Deer, Alberta at the ENMAX Centrium. The Tigers have won one Memorial Cup, one WHL League Championships, three Division Titles and two regular season titles.

Other websites
Official website

1992 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Red Deer is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. The population of Red Deer was 90,564 in 2011. The mayor of Red Deer is Morris Flewwelling.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Cities in Alberta
A dungeon is a room or cell in a castle to keep prisoners. Most dungeons are underground, others are high up in towers.

An oubliette is a type of dungeon that can be entered by using a trapdoor in the ceiling. People were thrown into an oubliette from the ceiling and left there to starve or dehydrate to death, making it akin to immurement.

Castles
Rooms
Imprisonment and detention
The Daughter of the Regiment () is a comic opera in two acts. The French libretto was written by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges and Jean-François Bayard. The music was composed by Gaetano Donizetti. The opera is famous for the tenor aria "Ah! mes amis, quel jour de fête!" It features nine high Cs. The opera was first performed on 11 February 1840 by the Paris Opéra-Comique at the Salle de la Bourse. It was performed at the Metropolitan Opera in 1902/03. The role of Marie was a favorite with Jenny Lind.

Roles 
 Marie, a vivandière - coloratura soprano
 Tonio, a young Tyrolean - tenor
 Sergeant Sulpice - bass
 Marquise of Birkenfeld - contralto
 Hortensius, a butler - bass
 Corporal - bass
 Peasant - tenor
 Duchess of Krakenthorp - spoken role
 Notary - spoken role
 French soldiers, Tyroleans, servants of the Duchess

Story
The Marquise of Berkenfeld and her butler, Hortensius, are on their way to Austria. They pause in their journey because a skirmish has broken out. The Marquise learns that the French troops have retreated. She comments on the rude manners of the French people ("Pour une femme de mon nom"). The sergeant of the 21st regiment, Sulpice, assures everyone that his men will restore peace and order. He is joined by Marie, the "daughter" of the regiment. She is an orphan and was adopted by the soldiers. Sulpice questions her about a young man she has been seen with. She explains that he is Tonio, a Tyrolean who once saved her life. Troops of the 21st arrive with a prisoner. It is Tonio. He has been looking for Marie. She steps in to save him. He toasts his new friends, and Marie sings the regimental song ("Chacun le sait"). Tonio is ordered to follow the soldiers. He escapes and returns to declare his love to Marie. Sulpice surprises them. Marie must admit to Tonio that she can marry only a soldier of the 21st.
The Marquise asks Sulpice for an escort to her castle. When Sulpice hears the name Berkenfeld, he remembers a letter he found near the young Marie on the battlefield. The Marquise soon admits that she knew the girl's father. She says that Marie is the long-lost daughter of her sister. The child had been left in the care of the Marquise, but was lost. She is shocked by the girl's rough manners. She decides to take her niece to her castle and give her a proper education. Tonio has enlisted so that he can marry Marie ("Ah, mes amis"). But Marie has to leave both her regiment and the man she loves ("Il faut partir").
Act 2 
The Marquise has arranged a marriage between Marie and the Duke of Krakenthorp. At the Marquise's castle, Sulpice is recovering from an injury. He is supposed to be helping the Marquise with her plans. The Marquise gives Marie a singing lesson. Marie slips in phrases of the regimental song with Sulpice's encouragemment. The Marquise loses her temper (Trio: "Le jour naissait dans la bocage").
Marie is left alone. She thinks money and position are meaningless ("Par le rang et l'opulence"). She hears soldiers marching in the distance. She is delighted when the whole regiment files into the room. She leads them in singing a patriotic tribute ("Salut à la France"). Marie is reunited with Tonio. Tonio asks for Marie's hand in marriage. The Marquise is unmoved by the young man's declaration that Marie is his whole life ("Pour me rapprocher de Marie"). She says her niece is engaged to another man. She dismisses Tonio. The Marquise and Sulpice are left alon. She confesses the truth: Marie is her illegitimate daughter. She abandoned Marie long ago, fearing social disgrace.
Hortensius announces the arrival of the wedding party. It is led by the groom's mother, the Duchess of Krakenthorp. Marie refuses to leave her room. Sulpice tells her that the Marquise is her mother. The surprised girl says she cannot go against her mother's wishes. She agrees to marry a man that she does not love. She is about to sign the marriage contract when the soldiers of the 21st, led by Tonio, storm in to rescue their "daughter". The guests are horrified to learn that Marie was a canteen girl. They change their opinion when she tells them that she can never repay the debt she owes the soldiers. The Marquise is so moved by her daughter's goodness of heart that she gives her permission to marry Tonio. Everyone joins in a final "Salut à la France".

Other websites 
, June Anderson, Opéra-Comique, 1985
Public domain score from archive.org (Italian and English)

1840s operas
Compositions by Gaetano Donizetti
Atypical depression is a subtype of major depression and dysthymia, sharing certain symptoms for both, though it is also marked with mood reactivity (having improved moods during positive events). Atypical depression is also associated with too much sleeping and excessive eating.

Mood disorders
Salvatore Cammarano (also Salvadore) (19 March 1801 – 17 July 1852) was an Italian librettist and playwright. He is probably best known for writing the text of Lucia di Lammermoor (1835) for Gaetano Donizetti. He was born and died in Naples.

For Donizetti he also wrote L'assedio di Calais (1836), Belisario (1836), Pia de' Tolomei (1837), Roberto Devereux (1837), Maria de Rudenz (1838), Poliuto (1838), and Maria di Rohan (1843). For Giuseppe Persiani he wrote Ines de Castro.

For Verdi he wrote Alzira (1845), La battaglia di Legnano (1849) and Luisa Miller (1849). He had almost finished his libretto for Il trovatore (1853) when he died in July 1852. It was completed by Leone Emanuele Bardare.  Cammarano started a libretto for William Shakespeare's King Lear, named Re Lear. He died before completing it. A scenario survives.

References 

 Black, John, The Italian Romantic Libretto: A Study of Salvadore Cammarano, Edinburgh University Press, 1984

Other websites 
 Opera at Stanford University
1801 births
1852 deaths
Librettists
Writers from Naples
19th-century Italian composers
Italian poets
Italian playwrights
Tuenti is a mobile operator brand owned by the Spanish company Tuenti Technologies, S.L.U. Telefónica bought 100% of the company back in 2011.

Before, Tuenti was also the most popular social network in Spain between 2009 and 2012 with up 15 million registered users.

Tuenti works in Spain as a full virtual mobile operator (MVNO) using Telefónica's mobile network. Tuenti was launched by Telefónica in Latin-America in 2014 as a whole new brand.

References

Social networking
Sofía Margarita Vergara Vergara (born July 10, 1972) is a Colombian and American actress, comedian, television hostess and model.  

Vergara is best known for her role on the ABC comedy series Modern Family as "Gloria Delgado-Pritchett", for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Comedy Actress.  Her first big English role was 2002 film Big Trouble. 

As of 2020, Vergara has been one of the celebrity judges on the talent show America's Got Talent.

References

Other websites 

1972 births
Living people
Colombian models
Colombian movie actors
People from Barranquilla
Colombian television actors
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) people in Israel are considered to have more rights than anywhere else in the Middle East.

History 
In November 2005, a court decision in Israel ruled that a lesbian spouse could officially adopt a child born to her current partner by artificial insemination from an anonymous sperm donor; this ruling came despite protests by the minority Orthodox Jewish parliamentary parties. 

Common law marriage, which gives most of the official marriage rights to the spouse has been achieved, but full official same-sex marriage has not yet been sanctioned. However, same-sex marriages performed elsewhere are recognized.

Summary table

  No restriction if last MSM activity was before 1977.

References

Israel
Politics of Israel
Pruchnik is a town in the east of Poland. It is in Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship about 17 kilometres from the town of Jarosław.

Towns in Podkarpackie Voivodeship
In both Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Authority has not made laws either for or against homosexuality. Instead, the President of the Palestinian Authority decided to keep the laws that were already in place in the Gaza Strip and Judea and Samaria. On May 20, 1994, he ruled that laws that took effect before June 5, 1967 in these areas would not be changed. The laws are also more complicated because the Palestinian territories have been ruled by many different foreign powers, like the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, Jordan, and Egypt. Each of these foreign powers, along with Israel, created their own laws for the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories. Because of the many different laws that have been in place there, the legal situation in the territories is confusing. Sometimes, the criminal law about homosexuality is applied (or used) in the territories. At other times, the laws are not applied. It can be different in the different territories.

References
References

Palestine
Politics of Palestine
Vladivostok () is a city on the Pacific Ocean shore of the Russian Far East. Vladivostok was founded on 2 July 1860. The east end of the Trans-Siberian railway is there. The city is the home of the Russian Pacific Fleet. The population of the city at the census of 2019 was 605,049.  The highest point of historical part of Vladivostok is Eagle's Nest Hill (199 m), but the highest point of Vladivostok City District is unnamed mountain named by citizens as Blue Hill (474 m). 

Vladivostok was controlled by the Russian Empire from 1860-1917, ruled by Tsar Alexander II,Tsar Alexander III of Russia and Tsar Nicholas II.  British, Japanese, and other foreign intervention forces controlled the city during the Russian Civil War.  Bolshevik Red Army forces of the Soviet Union took control in 1922 and the Russian Federation has ruled it since 1991. It is the main economic and cultural center of the Russian Far East and an important tourism destination.

References

Vladivostok
Capitals of krais of Russia
Cathy Cassidy (born 13 June 1962) is an English author of teenage books mainly based on domestic fiction. At the age of eight she wrote her first picture book for her brother, Jake. During her childhood, Cathy loved to create comics. She would often rent out comics to her friends for 5 pence, claim them back and then rent them out again to someone else.

School life and early career
Cathy attended an art college in Liverpool as a young adult. After passing her degree, Cathy worked for the Jackie Magazine, as a fiction editor. Cathy has taught as an art teacher in a number of schools - 7 primary and some secondary. She illustrates many of her books and has done so for all her books in a series of Daisy Star.

Personal life
Cassidy lives in Galloway, Scotland, with her husband Liam and her two children, Caitlin (aged 17) and Calum (aged 19). Cathy has been a veggie for 35 years and a vegan for eight of them. She has a lurcher, named Kelpie, who inspired the dog Legg-It in Dizzy, her first book.
Writing career
Cathy Cassidy has currently written fourteen books.  Her first book was Dizzy published in 2004, followed on by Indigo Blue, published in 2005. At the age of 50, Cathy Cassidy's last books were Marshmallow Skye and The Chocolate Box Girls.

Works
Dizzy (2004),
Indigo Blue (2005),
Driftwood (2005),
Scarlett (2006),
Sundae Girl (2007),
Lucky Star (2007),
Gingersnaps (2008),
The Cathy Cassidy Dreams and Doodles Daybook (2008),
Shine on, Daizy Star (2009),
Angel Cake (2009),
Letters to Cathy (2009),
Daizy Star and the Pink Guitar (2010),
Cherry Crush - the Chocolate Box Girls (2010),
Strike a Pose, Daizy Star (2011) and
Marshmallow Skye, The Chocolate Box Girls (2011).

She has also written three mini-books:
Love Peace and Chocolate (2007),
Ice-cream and Dreams (2008) and
Cupcakes and Kisses (2009).
Cathy is also currently writing three new additions to the Chocolate Box Girls series, named:
'Summer's Dream', 'Coco Caramel' and 'Sweet Honey', based on the other Tanberry sisters. The plots for 'Coco Caramel' and 'Sweet Honey' have not been confirmed yet, however, 'Summer's Dream' plot has been confirmed.

References

Other websites
Official website

1962 births
Living people
British children's writers
The French Revolutionary Wars are conflicts between 1792 and 1802 that started by the French Revolution in which France fought Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia and several other countries that were called monarchies. There are (mostly) two conflicts: the War of the First Coalition (1792–1797) and the War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802). The fighting was at first mainly in Europe but then spread across the world. After ten years of fighting, France took much land from what is now Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Germany and gave up Louisiana, which is now in the United States and Canada. Because France won the wars, it spread revolutionary ideas across much of Europe.
The French Revolution removed the King of France, King Louis XVI, from power. As early as 1791, the other monarchies of Europe hated the French Revolution and wondered if they should intervene to stop the revolution from spreading, or they should take advantage of the disorder in France. Austria put many troops next to its French border and, together with Prussia, threatened France if it hurt King Louis and his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette in the Declaration of Pillnitz. After Austria refused to move its troops away from the French border or to stop threatening France, a French declaration of war on Austria and Prussia happened in the spring of 1792. both countries then invaded France, but France won the Battle of Valmy in September. The victory gave the National Convention, a new French government, the confidence to get rid of the monarchy. France won more battles but was stopped after it was defeated at Neerwinden, now in Belgium, in the spring of 1793
. France lost more battles for the rest of the year, and the difficult times allowed the Jacobins to rise to power and start the Reign of Terror, which killed people who opposed the revolution.
The War of the Second Coalition began in 1798 after Napoleon invaded Egypt. The other countries took advantage of Napoleon being far away to take back lost land taken by France. The war began well for them in Europe, and they kicked France out of Italy, invaded Switzerland and won many battles along the way. However, they quickly started to lose after France won a battle at Zürich in September 1799, which made Russia stop fighting. Meanwhile, Napoleon destroyed many Egyptian and Ottoman armies. Napoleon's victories in Egypt made him more popular back in France, and he returned home successful in the autumn of 1799 although he had failed his goal in Egypt. Also, thr Royal Navy had won the Battle of the Nile in 1798, which gave Britain more powerful control of the Mediterranean and weakened the French Navy.
Napoleon overthrew the Directory, the government of France, in a coup after he had arrived in France. He became a dictator with the title of First Consul. Napoleon then reorganised the French Army and attacked the Austrians in Italy during the spring of 1800. France won the Battle of Marengo in June 1800, which madeAustria leave Italy once again. 

France won again at Hohenlinden, Bavaria, and made Austria surrender for a second time after the signing of the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801. Britain was alone after Austria and Russia stopped fightin, and agreed to the Treaty of Amiens with France in 1802, which ended the Revolutionary Wars. However, both countries still hated each other, and the Napoleonic Wars began over a year later after the Third Coalition had been formed.

References 

Revolutions
Wars involving France
1790s in Europe
1800s in Europe
18th-century conflicts
19th-century conflicts

als:Koalitionskriege
Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg (4 August 1912 – disappeared 17 January 1945) was a Swedish businessman and diplomat. He helped save about 100,000 Hungarian Jews from being killed by the Nazis in 1944, during the Holocaust in World War II.  He often risked his life, and later won worldwide admiration for his heroic eforts.

Background
Wallenberg was born in Kapptsta, near Stockholm.  He was a member of a prominent family of bankers and industrialists.  He visited Hungary on business in the early 1940s, during World War II.  Wallenberg became increasingly disturbed by the plans of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler to kill all the Jews of Europe.  In 1944, the World Jewish Congress and the American War Refugee Board asked Wallennberg to help and he agreed to go to Hungary to save the remaining Jews there.
Rescue of Jews 
The Swedish government sent Wallenberg to serve as a diplomat in Budapest, Hungary's capital.  He gave Swedish passports to about 20,000 Jews, allowing them to ask for the protection of the neutral Swedish government.  He also protected Jews in houses he bought or rented with his own money or money from the groups that had sent him.  Wallenberg, a Lutheran, was assisted by Roman Catholic and other non-Jewish leaders.

Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi official who directed the sending of Jews to concentration camps, ordered Wallenberg to stop interfering with German plans for the Jews.  Wallenberg said no.  Eichmann tried to have Wallenberg killed, but he was not killed.  In the final days before the liberation of Budapest by Soviet soldiers, Wallenberg persuaded the Nazis to stop a plan to kill 70,000 Jews who were forced to live in a ghetto (separated part) of the city.
Arrest and death
In January 1945, Soviet forces arrested Wallenberg.  They apparently believed he was an American spy.  In 1957, the Soviet government reported that Wallenberg had died of a heart attack in prison in 1947.  But several people said that they saw him alive in Soviet prisons and hospitals after 1947.

In 1981, the United States Congress made Wallenberg an honorary U.S. citizen.

Related pages

List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990

Notes

Other websites
Raoul Wallenberg - Righteous Among the Nations - Yad Vashem
The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
The Raoul Wallenberg Committee of the United States
Searching for Raoul Wallenberg 

Swedish diplomats
1947 deaths
1912 births
World War II people
Swedish businesspeople
Righteous Among the Nations
, also known as a "32-cm" gun, was a mortar of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).  It is an example of a type of artillery called "spigot mortars".

History
This artillery piece was used by the Japanese military during World War II.

Combat record
During World War II, the IJA had 12 Type 98s at the Battle of Iwo Jima.

The Type 98 mortars were also used on Okinawa.

Related pages 
 Artillery of Japan
 List of field guns
 List of heavy mortars
 List of howitzers

References

Other websites

 Type 98 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page

Japanese weapons
Artillery
The  was a howitzer of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).

Each infantry battalion was issued Type 92s.  For this reason, Type 92s were called .

History and development
The Type 92 was available to front line divisions by 1932.

Combat record
This artillery piece was used by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

Related pages 
 Artillery of Japan
 List of field guns
 List of heavy mortars
 List of howitzers

References

Other websites

 Type 92 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
 Dishmodels.ru, Type 92, walk-around 360° images

Japanese weapons
Artillery
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (17 September 1826 near Hanover  20 July 1866 Selasca, Italy) was a German mathematician. He had a short life and did not write down very much about his discoveries, but the things he discovered were all extremely important and had a revolutionary effect on mathematics.  He contributed to many fields of mathematics, such as analysis, geometry, mathematical physics and number theory. Today, many people see him as a great mathematician. He was among the first mathematicians that worked on complex analysis. The kind of geometry he started (which is called Riemannian geometry today) is one of the bases of the theory of relativity, developed by Albert Einstein.

Life
Life

Childhood
Bernhard Riemann was the second child in a family of six children.  His father was a Lutheran pastor.  The family was very poor and did not have much to eat.  Several of the children died, and Bernhard always had poor health.  His parents were loving, but he was a very shy boy.  Later in life he had to try very hard to be brave enough to speak in public.  His father was one of his first teachers.  The young boy was very keen to learn about everything.  When he was ten he had a specialist maths teacher, but he was often better at maths than his teacher.  When he was 14, he went to Hanover where he lived with his grandmother so that he could go to a Gymnasium school.  His father wanted him to be a priest, but Bernhard was much too shy to preach to people.  In the end he let him study maths.
There is a well-known story from Riemann’s school days.  The school director excused him from maths lessons because the lessons were much too easy for him.  Bernhard asked the director whether he could borrow a difficult maths book to read, so the director lent him Théorie des Nombres (Theory of Numbers) by Legendre.  This was a huge book with maths that was so difficult that only a few people in the world would have understood it all.  The director was disappointed when the boy brought the book back after only six days.  He asked him how far he had got.  The boy said he had read the whole book.  This was true, and he had understood and remembered it all.  Later in life, when Riemann was 33, he developed the famous Riemann hypothesis.  This was an article that was only 8 pages long, but he developed his idea from what Legendre had written.  Mathematicians ever since have struggled to try to prove what Riemann wrote.

University life
Riemann studied at the universities of Göttingen and Berlin.  During his student days he was developing ideas that were to become very important to modern mathematical physics.  In 1851 he got his doctorate for a dissertation called Foundations for a General Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.  This was to become very useful in topology which deals with position and place.  When he became lecturer at Göttingen he had to offer three lectures from which the professors would choose one.  One of the professors was Carl Friedrich Gauss who was one of the greatest mathematicians who ever lived.  Gauss asked him to talk about On the Hypotheses that form the foundations of Geometry.  Gauss himself had worked on this subject.  Riemann was terribly nervous about lecturing on this subject in front of the famous Gauss.  When he gave the lecture, it became one of the most famous events in the history of mathematics.  Gauss did not often give praise to younger mathematicians, but he was very enthusiastic
.  Riemann’s ideas made it possible for Einstein to develop his theory of relativity more than half a century later.