Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
was a very old province of Japan in the area of Shimōsa and Kazusa  provinces on the island of Honshū.  It was sometimes called .  

The boundaries of this ancient entity are within Chiba Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture.

History
The history of the province started and ended before the Taihō Code was established at the beginning of the 8th century.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

Notes

Other websites 
  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Chiba Prefecture
Ibaraki Prefecture
Maxi Iglesias (born 6 February 1991) is a Spanish actor.

Early life and education
Iglesias was born in Madrid. His mother's name is Mercedes, she works in business management, and his father, Francisco, died when Iglesias was six years old. Iglesias is an only child. He attended school at Colegio Cardenal Spínola in Madrid. Iglesias' first movie was La Pistola de Mi Hermano (1997).

Career
Maxi became famous in 2008 with the series Física o química. Iglesias has appeared in the following series: Física o química, Hospital central, Amar en tiempos revueltos, Cuentame como paso, Los protegidos and Toledo. Iglesias appeared in the following movies: La pistola de mi hermano (1997), 8 citas (2008), Mentiras y gordas (2009), After (2009), El diario de Carlota (2010), XP3D (2011) and El secreto de los 24 escalones (2012). He is appearing in the new TV series Toledo, in the series he plays Martín.
Also is currently dancing as one of the stars in the Univision Spanish show Mira Quien Baila
Personal life 
His hobbies are playing soccer, skiing and playing PlayStation. Iglesias currently lives in Madrid. His favorite music is electro-house, he's a DJ, his DJ name is Dj Max. Maxi is good friends with Luis Lucho Fernández, both have worked together in Los protegidos and in XP3D. He is also good friends with Úrsula Corberó, both have been friends for a long time, they have worked together in XP3D. Maxi's dream is to work with Javier Bardem one day, and achieve an acting career in Hollywood.

Filmography

Other websites 

1991 births
Living people
Actors from Madrid
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
was a very old province of Japan, in the area of Hizen and Higo provinces.  It was sometimes called .

The boundaries of this ancient entity are within Nagasaki (without Tsushima and Iki), Saga and Kumamoto prefectures.

History
The history of the province started and ended before the Taihō Code was established at the beginning of the 8th century.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

Notes

Other websites 
  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Nagasaki Prefecture
Saga Prefecture 
Kumamoto Prefecture
was a very old province of Japan in the area as Okayama Prefecture and eastern Hiroshima Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

History
Kibi was divided into Bizen, Bitchū, and Bingo provinces in the late 7th century.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

Notes

Other websites 
  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Okayama Prefecture
Hiroshima Prefecture
Paul Rugg is an American screenwriter, producer, and voice actor. He is the voice of Master Yao in Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness.

Other websites
 

Living people
American voice actors
American screenwriters
1960 births
VOR or vor may refer to:

Organizations 
 The Voice of Russia
 The Volvo Ocean Race
 The Vale of Rheidol Railway in Wales

Science, technology, and aviation 
 VHF omnidirectional range
 The vestibulo-ocular reflex, an eye movement
 Voice-operated recording, see Voice-operated switch
 Visual Operating Rules, another term for Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

Entertainment 
 VOR: The Maelstrom, a wargame
 Vor (Star Wars), a race inStar Wars
 Russian title of the 1997 film The Thief
 VOR, a novel by James Blish
 The Vor of Barrayar, the noble families of Barrayar

Other uses 
 The goddess Vör in mythology
 Vor v zakone, or thief in law, a rank in the Russian Mafia
 abbreviation for vorarephilia
"Sun Is Up" is a song by Inna. Inna is a singer of dance music from Romania. The song is also a single and the first single from Inna's second album. The album is called I Am the Club Rocker. "Sun Is Up" was launched in Romania in August 2010. In 2011, it was out in UK, France, Germany, etc. It was a #1 in Switzerland and Bulgaria and a top ten in France and Romania. The video for the song is in Spain at a hotel and in it, Inna is in love with her photographer.

2010 songs
was a old province of Japan north of the island of Hokkaido.  It included islands which are commonly known as the Kurile Islands or Kurile Islands. The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally  mirrored in part of what is today called Nemuro Subprefecture.

History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Chishima Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Chishima Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Chishima and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Former provinces of Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
1869 establishments in Japan
1882 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in Japan
Sony Pictures Animation Inc. is an American animation studio owned by Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures Entertainment through their Motion Picture Group division and founded on May 9, 2002. The studio's films are distributed worldwide by Sony Pictures Releasing under their Columbia Pictures label, while all direct-to-video releases are released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

Their first movie Open Season was released on September 29, 2006, it's latest release was Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse on June 6, 2023. The studio's most successful movie to date is The Smurfs. However, its most critically acclaimed movie is Arthur Christmas, which was co-produced with Aardman Animations.

History
History

Sony Pictures Animation/Paramount Pictures deal (2001–03) 
In 2001, Sony Pictures considered selling off its visual effects facility Sony Pictures Imageworks but after failing to find a suitable buyer, having been impressed with the CGI sequences of Stuart Little 2 and seeing the box office successes of DreamWorks Animation's Shrek and Disney/Pixar's Monsters, Inc., SPI was reconfigured to become an animation studio. Astro Boy, which had been in development at Sony since 1997 as a live-action film, was set to be SPI's first all-CGI film, but never made it to fruition.[3] On May 9, 2002, Sony Pictures Animation was established to develop characters, stories and movies with SPI taking over the digital production while maintaining its visual effects production.[4] Meanwhile, SPI produced two short films, the Academy Award-winning The ChubbChubbs! and Early Bloomer, as a result of testing its strengths and weaknesses in producing all-CGI animation.[5]
Sony Pictures Animation (2003–2011) 
On its first anniversary on May 9, 2003, Sony Pictures Animation announced a full slate of animated projects in development: Open Season, an adaptation of a Celtic folk ballad Tam Lin, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Surf's Up, and a feature-length film version of The ChubbChubbs!.[6]

On May 2014, it was announced that Netflix had acquired streaming rights to films produced by Sony Pictures Animation.[7]
Sony Pictures Animation (2011–18) 
In June 2019, Sony Pictures Animation announced that they had launched an "International" division headed by Aron Warner at the 2019 Annecy International Animated Film Festival, with Wish Dragon set to be the division's first film. The same day, they also announced an "Alternative" division aimed at producing adult animated content, headed by Katie Baron and Kevin Noel. In addition to Tartakovsky's films Black Knight and Fixed, the division's TV shows are set to include The Boondocks, a reboot of the original TV series that originally aired on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block from 2005 to 2014; Superbago, a co-production with Stoopid Buddy Stoodios that was originally greenlit as a feature film; and Hungry Ghosts, a series based on the Dark Horse graphic novel by Anthony Bourdain and Joel Rose.[10] They had previously announced their plans to produce adult content at the 2017 Annecy festival.[11]
Sony Pictures Animation (2018–present) 
According to Kristine Belson, president of SPA, the studio produces films on a 1:1 development-to-production ratio, meaning that the studio puts films into development as much as it places films in production, unlike other animation studios.[11]

Movies

TV Series

Short movies

Franchises

References 

American movie studios
American animation studios
Sony
Companies based in Los Angeles
Culver City, California
2001 establishments in California
Kim Wilde (born Kim Smith on 18 November 1960) is a British singer. She was born in Chiswick, Middlesex. She is the eldest child of rock musician Marty Wilde. She had her first hit single, "Kids in America" in 1981. She also released Kim Wilde, her first album, in 1981. In 1983 Wilde won Best British Female Solo Artist (UK) at the BRIT Awards. Wilde released her most recent album Wilde Winter Songbook on 11 November 2013. It is a Christmas album.

Other websites 
Official website

1960 births
Living people
Brit Award winners
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
English television presenters
Gardening
Musicians from Middlesex
People from Chiswick
Singers from London
Writers from London
Writers from Middlesex
New wave singers
was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido. The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Hidaka Subprefecture.

History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Hidaka Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Hidaka Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Hidaka and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
The Burke and Hare murders (or West Port murders) were serial murders in Edinburgh, Scotland, from November 1827 to 31 October 1828.

The murders were done by Irish immigrants William Burke and William Hare. They sold the corpses of their 17 victims to  Dr Robert Knox. Knox was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and the Conservator of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy in Edinburgh. He was a teacher of human anatomy to Edinburgh medical students, so needed bodies for his students to dissect.

The murderer's accomplices included Burke's mistress, Helen McDougal, and Hare's wife, Margaret Laird.  From their method of killing their victims has come the word "burking", meaning to purposefully smother and, more generally, to quietly suppress.

The Resurrectionists 
From 1826 to 1840 Knox ran Barclay's anatomy school in Surgeon's Square, Edinburgh. He was the most popular lecturer on anatomy in Scotland, but his class were always short of bodies to dissect.
Before the Anatomy Act of 1832 widened the supply, the only legal supply of corpses for anatomical purposes in the UK were those condemned to death and dissection by the courts. This led to a shortage of legitimate subjects for dissection. The shortage became more serious as the need to train medical students grew, and the number of executions fell.

In his school Knox ran up against the problem from the start, since – after 1815 – the Royal Colleges had increased the study of anatomy in the medical curriculum. If he taught according to what was known as ‘French method’ the ratio would have had to approach one corpse per pupil. As a consequence, body-snatching became so common that it was not unusual for relatives and friends of someone who had just died to watch over the body before and after burial, to stop it being taken.
In November 1827 William Hare began a new career when an indebted lodger died on him by chance. He was paid  £7.10/- (seven pounds & ten shillings) for delivering the body to Knox. Now Burke and his accomplice Hare set about murdering tramps and drunks on a regular basis. After 16 more transactions, in what became known as the West Port Murders, on 2 November 1828 Burke and Hare were caught. The whole city were convulsed with horror, fed by ballads, broadsides and newspapers, at the terrible deeds of Burke & Hare. Hare turned King's evidence, and Burke was hanged, dissected and displayed.

As well as Butcher and Hare killing and selling the bodies, they also manipulated them into thinking they were coming over to have an even drink. 
Burke’s the butcher, Hare’s the thief,Knox, the boy who buys the beef!
Knox was not prosecuted, which outraged many in Edinburgh. His house was attacked by a mob, and windows were broken. A committee of the Royal Society of Edinburgh cleared him of blame, but there was no forgetting his part in the case, and many were wary of him.

Discovery and trial 
The last victim was Marjory Campbell Docherty. Burke lured her into the lodging house by claiming that his mother was also a Docherty. He had to wait to kill her because the lodgers James and Ann Gray were present. The Grays left for the night and neighbours heard the sounds of a struggle.

The next day Ann Gray, who had returned, became suspicious when Burke would not let her approach a bed where she had left her stockings. When the Grays were left alone in the house, they checked the bed and found Docherty's body under it. On their way to alert the police, they ran into McDougal who tried to bribe them with an offer of £10 a week. They refused.
Burke and Hare had removed the body from the house before the police arrived. However, under questioning, Burke claimed that Docherty had left at 7:00 a.m., while McDougal claimed that she had left in the evening. The police arrested them. An anonymous tip-off led them to Knox's classroom where they found Docherty's body, which James Gray identified. William and Margaret Hare were arrested soon there after. The murder spree had lasted twelve months.

References 

1820s in the United Kingdom
People from Edinburgh
Murder in Scotland
British serial killers
19th century in Scotland
1827
1828
Kronberger 61, also known as the "soccer ball", is a Nebula discovered by an amateur astronomer in January 2011. Newer images of this nebula were taken by the Gemini Observatory. The nebula was discovered by Austrian Mattias Kronberger, a member of the amateur group Deep Sky Hunters. They found it while searching near the northern constellation of Cygnus.

References

Nebulae
Australian Aboriginal myths, also known as Dreamtime stories and Songlines, are the stories traditionally performed and told by the indigenous people of Australia. Each of the language groups across Australia has its own stories.

All the myths explain important features and meanings within each Aboriginal group's local landscape. They give cultural meaning to the Australian physical landscape. People who know these stories have access to the wisdom and knowledge of Australian Aboriginal ancestors back beyond the reach of memory.

David Horton wrote in the Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia that:
"A mythic map of Australia would show thousands of characters, varying in their importance, but all in some way connected with the land. Some emerged at their specific sites and stayed spiritually in that vicinity. Others came from somewhere else and went somewhere else."
"Many were shape changing, transformed from or into human beings or natural species, or into natural features such as rocks but all left something of their spiritual essence at the places noted in their stories."

Australian Aboriginal myths have been described as parts of a catechism, a liturgical manual, a history of civilization, a geography textbook, and to a much smaller extent a manual of the world and the universe.
Antiquity
An Australian linguist, R. M. W. Dixon, collected many Aboriginal myths in their original languages. He discovered some landscape details in myths were the same as scientific discoveries being made about the same landscapes. For example, on the Atherton Tableland, myths tell of the origins of Lake Eacham, Lake Barrine, and Lake Euramo. Geologists have dated the volcanic explosions which formed the lakes, and were described by Aboriginal myth tellers, as having happened more than 10,000 years ago. Pollen fossil sampling from the bottom of the craters agrees with the Aboriginal myth-tellers' story. When the craters were formed, the  area was eucalyptus forest, not the current wet tropical rain forests.
Dixon said that Aboriginal myths about the origin of the Crater Lakes might be accurate back to 10 000 years ago. Further investigation by the Australian Heritage Commission led to the Crater Lakes myth being listed on the Register of the National Estate, and included within Australia's World Heritage nomination of the wet tropical forests. It is an "unparalleled human record of events dating back to the Pleistocene era."

Since then, Dixon has found many similar examples of Australian Aboriginal myths that accurately describe landscapes of an ancient past. He particularly noted many myths telling of previous sea levels, including:
the Port Phillip myth collected by Robert Russell in 1850, described Port Phillip Bay as once dry land. The course of the Yarra River was once different, following the Carrum Carrum swamp. This was an oral history that accurately described a landscape from 10 000 years ago.
the Great Barrier Reef coastline myth collected by Dixon in Yarrabah, south of Cairns, described the coastline which stood at the edge of the current Great Barrier Reef. It named places now completely covered by the sea This was an oral record that was accurate for the landscape 10 000 years ago.
the Lake Eyre myths collected by J. W. Gregory in 1906, described Central Australia as a fertile, well-watered plains. The deserts around Lake Eyre were one continuous garden. This oral story matches geologists' understanding that there was a wet phase to the early Holocene when the lake would have had permanent water.
Aboriginal mythology: Whole of Australia
There are at least 400 Aboriginal groups across Australia. Each group has its own name, its own language and often their own dialects. Each group had its own myths, and the words and names of individual myths come these language groups.

With so many different Aboriginal groups, languages, beliefs and practices, it is not possible to describe under a single heading, the full range and diversity of all myths across the entire continent.

The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia does however note that "One intriguing feature [of Aboriginal Australian mythology] is the mixture of diversity and similarity in myths across the entire continent."
The similarity in Aboriginal myths and mythology includes:
"..they generally describe the journeys of ancestral beings, often giant animals or people, over what began as a featureless domain. Mountains, rivers, waterholes, animal and plant species, and other natural and cultural resources came into being as a result of events which took place during these Dreamtime journeys. Their existence in present-day landscapes is seen by many indigenous peoples as confirmation of their creation beliefs.."

"..The routes taken by the Creator Beings in their Dreamtime journeys across land and sea.. link many sacred sites together in a web of Dreamtime tracks criss-crossing the country. Dreaming tracks can run for hundreds, even thousands of kilometres, from desert to the coast [and] may be shared by peoples in countries through which the tracks pass.."
Australian anthropologists describe Aboriginal myths still being performed across Australia by Aboriginal peoples as having an important social function. The myths explain the order of their daily lives; helping shape peoples' ideas; and assisting to influence others' behaviour. Also the performance often adds and "mythologises" historical events in the service of these social purposes in a rapidly changing modern world. As R.M. W. Dixon writes:
"It is always integral and common.. that the Law (Aboriginal law) is something derived from ancestral peoples or Dreamings and is passed down the generations in a continuous line. While...entitlements of particular human beings may come and go, the underlying relationships between foundational Dreamings and certain landscapes are theoretically eternal...the entitlements of people to places are usually regarded strongest when those people enjoy a relationship of identity with one or more Dreamings of that place.
This is a central strong feature of Aboriginal identity. It is more than just a matter of believing. The Dreaming existed, and continues to exist, while humans are only temporary.

Aboriginal myths across Australia are a kind of unwritten (oral) library. From this library, Aboriginal people learn about the world and see an Aboriginal 'reality' with concepts and values vastly different from those of western societies:
"Aboriginal people learned from their stories that a society must not be human-centred but rather land centred, otherwise they forget their source and purpose....they are interconnected with the rest of creation, that they as individuals are only temporal in time, and past and future generations must be included in their perception of their purpose in life."
"People come and go but the Land, and stories about the Land, stay. This is a wisdom that takes lifetimes of listening, observing and experiencing...There is a deep understanding of human nature and the environment...sites hold 'feelings' which cannot be described in physical terms...subtle feelings that resonate through the bodies of these people.. It is only when talking and being with these people that these 'feelings' can truly be appreciated. This is.. the intangible reality of these people.."

Australia wide myths

Rainbow Serpent

In 1926 a British anthropologist, Professor Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, noted many Aboriginal groups across Australia shared versions of a single myth. The myth told of a powerful, creative, dangerous snake or serpent, usually of enormous size. This serpent was linked with rainbows, rain, rivers, and deep waterholes.
Radcliffe-Brown used the words "Rainbow Serpent" to describe this common, recurring myth. He listed the different names used across Australia for this "Rainbow Serpent":

Kanmare (Boulia, Queensland)
Tulloun: (Mount Isa, Queensland)
Andrenjinyi (Pennefather River, Queensland)
Takkan (Maryborough, Queensland)
Targan (Brisbane, Queensland)
Kurreah (Broken Hill, New South Wales)
Wawi (Riverina, New South Wales)
Neitee & Yeutta (Wilcannia, New South Wales)
Myndie (Melbourne, Victoria)
Bunyip (Western Victoria)
Arkaroo (Flinders Ranges, South Australia)
Wogal (Perth, Western Australia)
Wanamangura (Laverton, Western Australia)
Kajura (Carnarvon, Western Australia)
Numereji (Kakadu, Northern Territory).
This 'Rainbow Serpent', a snake of enormous size, lives in the deepest waterholes. It came from a larger being which can be seen as a dark streak in the Milky Way. It shows itself to people in this world as a rainbow as it moves through water and rain, shaping landscapes, naming and singing of places, swallowing and sometimes drowning people; strengthening the knowledgeable with rainmaking and healing powers; blighting others with sores, weakness, illness, and death.

Even Australia's 'Bunyip' was identified as a 'Rainbow Serpent' myth of the above kind. The words used by Radcliffe-Brown are now commonly used by government agencies, museums, art galleries, Aboriginal organisations and the media to refer to Australian Aboriginal myth specifically, and as a shorthand term for Australian Aboriginal mythology generally.

Captain Cook myths
Captain Cook myths

Another myth found across Australia is about a person who arrives from the sea. This person, usually from England, either offers gifts or brings great harm. The person is most often called 'Captain Cook', and portrayed as a villain.

The Aboriginal myths about 'Captain Cook' are not oral history. They are not part of James Cook's exploration of the east coast of Australia in 1770. Aboriginal people did meet with Cook, especially during his seven-week stay on the Endeavour River. The Guugu Yimidhirr people may remember these meetings.

The Australia wide Captain Cook myth, however, tells of a symbolic British character who arrives from across the oceans sometime after the Aboriginal world was formed and the original social order founded. This Captain Cook signals dramatic changes in the social order, into which present-day Aborigines have been born.
In 1988 Australian anthropologist Kenneth Maddock examined several versions of this 'Captain Cook' myth as recorded from a number of Aboriginal groups around Australia: 
Batemans Bay, New South Wales: Percy Mumbulla told of Captain Cook's arriving on a large ship which anchored at Snapper Island. He gave people clothes (to wear) and hard biscuits (to eat). Then he went back to his ship and sailed away. Mumbulla told how his ancestors rejected Captain Cook's gifts, throwing them into the sea.
Cardwell, Queensland: Chloe Grant and Rosie Runaway told of how Captain Cook and his group seemed to stand up out of the sea. With white skin they were thought to be ancestral spirits, coming back to their descendants. Captain Cook arrived first offering a pipe and tobacco to smoke (which was dismissed as a 'burning thing.. stuck in his mouth'), then boiling a billy of tea (which was dismissed as scalding 'dirty water'), next baking flour on the coals (which was rejected as smelling 'stale' and thrown away untasted), finally boiling beef (which smelled well, and tasted okay, once the salty skin was wiped off). Captain Cook and group then left, sailing away to the north, leaving Chloe Grant and Rosie Runaway's ancestors beating the ground with their fists, fearfully sorry to see the spirits of their ancestors leave in this way.
South-eastern side of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland: Rolly Gilbert told of how Captain Cook and others sailed the oceans in a boat, and decided to come to see Australia. Cook met a couple of Rolly's ancestors whom he was going to shoot. Instead he tricked them into showing him the local population's main camping area, after which they:
"set up the people [cattle industry] to go down the countryside and shoot people down, just like animal, they left them lying there for the hawks and crows...So a lot of old people and young people were struck by the head with the end of a gun and left there. They wanted to get the people wiped out because Europeans in Queensland had to run their stock: horses and cattle."
Victoria River (Northern Territory): it is told in a Captain Cook myth that Captain Cook sailed from London to Sydney to get land. He landed bullocks and men with firearms, following which local Aboriginal peoples in the Sydney area were killed. Captain Cook made his way to Darwin, where he sent armed horsemen to hunt down the Aborigines in the Victoria River country. He set up the city of Darwin gave police and cattle station managers orders on how to treat Aborigines.
Kimberley (Western Australia): Many Aboriginal myth-tellers say that Captain Cook is a European culture hero who landed in Australia. Using gunpowder, he set an example for the treatment of Aboriginal peoples throughout Australia, including the Kimberley. On returning to his home, he claimed he had not seen any Aboriginal peoples, and said that the country was a vast and empty land which settlers could come and claim for themselves. In this myth, Captain Cook introduced 'Cook's Law', upon which the settlers rely. The Aboriginals say that this is a recent, unjust and false law compared to Aboriginal law.
Examples of myths

Murrinh-Patha people

The Murrinh-Patha people live in the saltwater country inland from the town of Wadeye. They describe a Dreamtime in their myths which anthropologists believe is a religious belief but different from most of the world's other religious beliefs.

The Murrinh-patha have a oneness of thought, belief, and expression without equal in Christianity. They see all parts of their lives, thoughts and culture as being influenced by their Dreaming. They do not see a difference between spiritual or material things. There is no difference between things that are sacred and things that are not. All life is  'sacred', all conduct has 'moral' results. All life's meaning comes out of this eternal, everpresent Dreaming.
"The sacred is everywhere within the physical landscape. Myths and mythic tracks cross over.. thousands of miles, and every particular form and feature of the terrain has a well-developed 'story' behind it."
This Murrinh-patha mythology is based on a view of life that believes life is "...a joyous thing with maggots at its centre.". Life is good and caring, but during life's journey, there are many painful sufferings that each person must come to understand and live through as he grows. This is the message being told within the Murrinh-patha myths. It is this philosophy that gives Murrinh-patha people reason and meaning in life.

The following Murrinh-patha myth, for example, is performed in Murrinh-patha ceremonies to initiate young men into adulthood.  
"A woman, Mutjinga (the 'Old Woman'), was in charge of young children, but instead of watching out for them during their parents' absence, she swallowed them and tried to escape as a giant snake. The people followed her, spearing her and removing the undigested children from the body."
Within the myth and in its performance, young children must first be swallowed by an ancestral being who changes into a giant snake. The children are then vomited up before being accepted as young adults with all the rights and benefits of young adults.

Pintupi people

The Pintupi peoples from Australia's Gibson Desert region have a mostly 'mythic' form of understanding their identity, All events happen and are explained by the social structures and rules told of, sung about, and performed within their superhuman mythology. That is, the structures of society come from the myths, not from their own political actions, decisions or influences of local individuals. 
"The Dreaming.. provides a moral authority lying outside the individual will and outside human creation.. although the Dreaming as an ordering of the cosmos is presumably a product of historical events, such an origin is denied."
"Current action is not understood as the result of human alliances, creations, and choices, but is seen as imposed by an embracing, cosmic order."

Within this Pintupi view of the world, three long geographical tracks of named places control and guide society. They are interrelated strings of important places named and created by mythic characters on their way through the Pintupi desert region during the Dreaming. It is a complex mythology of stories, songs and ceremonies known to the Pintupi as Tingarri. It is most completely told and performed by Pintupi peoples at larger gatherings within Pintupi country.

Related pages
Dreamtime
Myth
Rainbow Serpent
Bibliography
Beckett, J. (1994) "Aboriginal Histories, Aboriginal Myths: an Introduction", Oceania, Volume 65. pp. 97–115
Berndt, R. M. & Berndt, C. H. (1989) The Speaking Land. Penguin. Melbourne
Cowan, James (1994) Myths of the dreaming: interpreting Aboriginal legends. Unity Press. Roseville, N. S. W.
Dixon, R. M. W. (1996)  "Origin legends and linguistic relationships." Oceania, Volume 67. No. 2 pp. 127–140
Elkin, A. P. (1938) Studies in Australian Totemism. Oceania, Monography No. 2. Sydney
Haviland, John B., with Hart, Roger. 1998. Old Man Fog and the Last Aborigines of Barrow Point, Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst. 
Hiatt, L. (1975) Australian Aboriginal Mythology: Essays in Honour of W. E. H. Stanner, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Canberra
Horton, David (1994) The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History, Society, and Culture, Aboriginal Studies Press. Canberra.
Isaacs, J. (1980). Australian Dreaming: 40,000 Years of Aboriginal History, Lansdowne Press, Sydney, 
Koepping, Klaus-Peter (1981) "Religion in Aboriginal Australia", Religion, Volume 11. pp. 367–391
Maddock, K. (1988).  "Myth, History and a Sense of Oneself." In Beckett, J. R. (ed) Past and Present: The Construction of Aboriginality. Aboriginal Studies Press. Canberra. pp. 11–30. 
Morphy, H. (1992) Ancestral Connections.. University of Chicago Press. Chicago
Mountford, C. P. (1985) The Dreamtime Book: Australian Aboriginal Myths Louis Braille Productions
Pohlner, Peter. 1986. gangarru. Hopevale Mission Board, Milton, Queensland. 
Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1926) "The Rainbow-Serpent Myth of Australia" The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 56. pp. 19–25
Roth, W. E. 1897. The Queensland Aborigines. 3 Vols. Reprint: Facsimile Edition, Hesperian Press, Victoria Park, W. A., 1984.
Rumsey, Allen (1994)  "The Dreaming, human agency and inscriptive practice". Oceania. Volume 65, Number 2. pp. 116–128
Smith, W. Ramsay (1932) Myths and Legends of the Australian Aborigines.  Farrar & Rinehart, New York, reprinted by Dover, 2003, excerpts available on Google Books. 
Sutton, P. (1988)  "Myth as History, History as Myth". In Keen, I (ed.) Being Black: Aboriginal Cultures in 'Settled' Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. Canberra. pp. 251–68
Stanner, W. E. H. (1966) "On aboriginal religion", Oceania Monograph No. 11. Sydney
Van Gennep, A (1906) Mythes et Legendes d'Australie. Paris
Yengoyan, Aram A.(1979) "Economy, Society, and Myth in Aboriginal Australia". Annual Review of Anthropology. Volume 8. pp. 393–415
References

Other websites
Australian Museum 2004 Collection of Aboriginal myths/stories 
Australian Government 'portal' on Aboriginal 'Dreamings' and associated mythology 
Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC)Online Display for 'Aboriginal Relationships to Country'
Ngadjon jii -Earthwatch Web Page
Steve Bisciotti (born April 10, 1960 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) is a Baltimore businessman. In 2004, he became the majority owner of the Baltimore Ravens. He bought the team in 2004 from previous owner Art Modell. He owns a business that works with technology and computers.

References

1960 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
The 34th G8 summit was a meeting in 2008 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

This meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 34th meeting in a series which began in 1976.  The G8 and the summit are part of a "consultative process and not an international organization".

The meeting took place in Japan at  on the northern island of Hokkaidō.  The international group of leaders met from July 7–9, 2008.

Core participants
The participants were the "core members" of the group:

Invited leaders 
A small others were invited to join some of the discussions.

G8+5

The G8 plus the five other nations were known as G8+5.
  Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President.
  China Hu Jintao, President.
  India Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister.
  Mexico Felipe Calderón, President.
  South Africa Thabo Mbeki, President.
Other leaders
  Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President.
  Australia  Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister.
  Ethiopia Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister.
  Ghana John Agyekum Kufuor, President.
  Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President.
  Nigeria Umaru Yar'Adua, President.
  Senegal Abdoulaye Wade, President.
  South Korea Lee Myung-bak, President.
  Tanzania Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, President.

Heads of international organizations
Leaders of some organizations were invited to be part of some of the discussions.
African Union Jean Ping, AU Commission Chairman Jakaya Kikwete, AU Chairman.
  Commonwealth of Independent States Sergei Lebedev, Executive Secretary
  International Atomic Energy Agency Mohamed ElBaradei, Director General
 International Energy Agency Nobuo Tanaka, Executive Director
  United Nations Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General.
  UNESCO Koichiro Matsuura, Director General
 World Bank Robert Zoellick, President.
  World Health Organization Margaret Chan, Director-General
 World Trade Organization  Pascal Lamy, Director-General

Related pages 
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

References

Other websites 

  Hokkaido Toyako Summit 
 University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
 Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context 

34
2008 in Asia
2000s in Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
Carol Banawa (born March 4, 1981) is a Filipino singer. Her album Carol had a hit and was certified gold. Her three other albums, Carol: Repackaged, Transition, and Follow Your Heart was certified platinum. Her album, My Music, My Life was released in 2010, under Black Bird Records. She was also a part of Star Magic Batch 4 alumni.

In 2011, she won in ASAP Pop Viewers Choice 2011 for "POP MOVIE THEMESONG" after singing the official theme song of the Filipino movie Till My Heartaches End.

She is currently signed to ASAP Records.

Discography

Studio albums

References

Other websites 

1981 births
Living people
Filipino singers
The 26th G8 Summit  was a meeting in 2000 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.  

This meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 26th meeting in a series which began in 1976.  The G8 and the summit are part of a "consultative process and not an international organization". 

The meeting took place in Japan at Naha on the sothern island of Okinawa.  The international group of leaders were together from July 21-23, 2000.

Core participants
The participants were the "core members" of the group:

Agenda
Global health first appeared as an international agenda issue at this meeting.

Related pages
 G8

References

Other websites 

 Okinawa Summit 2000 
 Kyushu-Okinawa Summit 2000 documents, photos
 University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
 Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context 

26
2000 in Asia
2000s in Japan
Throw Momma from the Train is a 1987 American black comedy movie. It was inspired by Strangers on a Train, which also plays a role in the movie. The movie's title comes from "Mama From the Train," written by Irving Gordon and sung by Patti Page.

It stars Danny DeVito (who also directed), Billy Crystal Anne Ramsey, Kim Greist, Rob Reiner, Branford Marsalis, and Kate Mulgrew, with a cameo appearance from Oprah Winfrey. The movie received mixed to positive reviews, but it was a commercial success. Anne Ramsey was singled out for praise for her portrayal of Mrs. Lift; she got an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.
Cast
 Danny DeVito as Owen Lift, the main character. He is a student at Larry's college, as well as also being his friend. Throughout the movie, he tries to kill his mother in many different ways, but in the end, he decides not to kill her after all.
 Tom Hanks as Larry Donner. He is Owen's best friend.
 Anne Ramsey as Mrs. Lift, also known as Momma. She is the antagonist of the movie.
 Kim Greist as Beth, Larry's new girlfriend.
 Kate Mulgrew as Margaret Donner, Larry's ex-wife. Larry hates her with a passion and wishes her dead, and Owen tries to kill her by pushing her overboard, but it is later revealed that she was rescued is marrying someone else.
 Branford Marsalis as Lester
 Rob Reiner as Joel, Larry's agent
 Bruce Kirby as Detective DeBenedetto
 Oprah Winfrey as Herself
 Farley Granger as Guy Haines (archive footage)
 Robert Walker as Bruno Anthony (archive footage)
Other websites
 
1987 comedy movies
1987 crime movies
1980s black comedy movies
1980s criminal comedy movies
American black comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about educators
Movies set on trains
Movies about writers
Movies set in Hawaii
American independent movies
Movies directed by Danny DeVito
Anne Ramsey (March 27, 1929 – August 11, 1988) was an American stage, television, and movie actress. She is probably most famous for her roles as Mama Fratelli in The Goonies and Momma in Throw Momma from the Train.

Death
Her somewhat slurred speech was caused in part from having had some of her tongue and her jaw removed during surgery for esophageal cancer in 1984. In 1988, her cancer came back, and she died in August at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1929 births
1988 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Actors from Nebraska
Golden Sun () is a fantasy handheld role-playing video game series. It was developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo. The three games in the series are Golden Sun, Golden Sun: the Lost Age and Golden Sun: Dark Dawn. They were released in North American in 2001, 2003 and 2010.

The series' is based on Alchemy. In the first game, young Adept (means who can control Alchemy) Isaac and his friends travel to stop Alchemy from returning to the world. But in the second book, players' task is let the Alchemy return the world. 30 years later, the first two games character's children start a new adventure.

Golden Sun and Golden Sun: the Lost Age are both in IGN's Readers Choice Top 100 games.

References 

Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo DS games
The 19th G7 summit was a meeting in 1993 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The international group of leaders were together in Japan from July 7-9, 1993. The meetings were held at the State Guesthouse (Akasaka Palace) in Tokyo.

History
The Tokyo summit of the Group of Seven (G7) was the 19th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

Two previous G7 summit was hosted by Japan at Tokyo (1979 and 1986).

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

Core participants
The participants were the "core members" of the group:

This was the first international summit for Prime Minister Campbell and for President Clinton.

Overview
The G7 leaders agreed to work on common strategies for global economic growth; and they discussed
 Strengthening the UN
 Regional problems
 Strengthening efforts related to nuclear nonproliferation
The group of leaders called for an "international agreement" to "protect forests." There is little evidence of follow-up.

Related pages
 G8
 List of G8 summits

References

Other websites

 University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
 Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context 

19
1993 in Asia
20th century in Tokyo
1990s in Japan
The 12th G7 Summit was a meeting in 1986 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The international group of leaders were together in Japan from May 4-6, 1986. The meetings were held at the State Guesthouse (Akasaka Palace) in Tokyo.

History 
The Tokyo summit of the Group of Seven (G7) was the 12th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

A Previous G7 summit was hosted by Japan at Tokyo in 1979)

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

Core participants 
The participants were the "core members" of the group:

Overview 
The G7 leaders agreed to work together to improve policy coordination. There was a decision to establish a meeting of finance ministers.

Related pages 
 G8
 List of G8 summits

References

Other websites 

 University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
 Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
12
1986 in Asia
20th century in Tokyo
1980s in Japan
The 5th G7 summit  was a meeting in 1979 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The international group of leaders were together in Japan June 28-29. The meetings were held at the State Guesthouse (Akasaka Palace) in Tokyo.

History
The Tokyo summit of the Group of Seven (G7) was the 5th meeting in a series which began in 1976.  

This was the first G7 summit in Japan

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process.  The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

Participants
The participants were the "core members" of the group:

Overview
The G7 leaders agreed to cooperate in the area of energy for developing countries.

Related pages
 G8
 List of G8 summits

References

Other websites
 University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
 Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context 

05
1979
20th century in Tokyo
1970s in Japan
The Marvelettes was an American singing group that were active from 1960 to 1972. Members of the group were Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson, Wanda Rogers, Anne Bogan, Georgeanna Tillman, Wyanetta Cowart and Georgia Dobbins. They are probably best known for their #1 hit, "Please Mr. Postman". They were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2004 and were inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2007.

The group has received several honors, including the Vocal Group Hall of Fame and the Pioneer Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. In 2005, two of the group's most successful recordings, "Please Mr. Postman" and "Don't Mess with Bill" earned million-selling Gold singles from the RIAA. In 2012, the Marvelettes were nominated for 2013 induction to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.

Other notable recordings were "Playboy", "Beechwood 4-5789", "Danger! Heartbreak Dead Ahead", "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", "When You're Young and in Love".
Discography 
The Marvelettes released 12 albums:

References

Other websites 
The Marvelettes Vocal Group Hall of Fame profile 

1960s establishments in Michigan
1960 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970 disestablishments in the United States
1970s American music groups
African-American musical groups
American girl groups
American pop music groups
American R&B bands
Musical groups disestablished in 1970
Musical groups established in 1960
Musical groups from Michigan
Soul bands
20th-century disestablishments in Michigan
John Ramsay, 1st Lord Bothwell (born about 1464, died 1513) was a Scottish lord. In Parliament on 24 February 1484, James III of Scotland gave him the barony (title) of Bothwell. He forfeited the title on 8 October 1488 and became Sir John Ramsay of Trarinzeane.

1460s births
1513 deaths
Scottish nobility
The Dieppe Raid is also known as the Battle of Dieppe, Operation Rutter and, later,  Operation Jubilee. It was a Second World War Allied attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe. The attack took place on the northern coast of France on 19 August 1942.

The attack began at 5:00 a.m. and by 10:50 a.m. the Allied commanders had to call a retreat. Over 6,000 infantrymen, mostly Canadian, were supported by a Canadian Armoured regiment. They were also helped by a strong force of Royal Navy and smaller Royal Air Force group.

The goal was to capture a major port for a short period and to gather information. Upon retreat, the Allies also wanted to destroy coastal defences, port structures and important buildings. The raid was also intended to improve morale and demonstrate the commitment of the United Kingdom to attack a Western front in Europe.