Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
The Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM, KBE, FRS, FREng (November 4, 1933 – September 23, 2018) was a Chinese-born American and British electrical engineer and physicist.

He helped discover  the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. Kao was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". Kao holds dual citizenship of the United Kingdom and the United States. Kao is known as the "Godfather of Broadband".

Kao was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2002 and had speech difficulty. He died on September 23, 2018 from complications of the disease in Sha Tin, Hong Kong at the age of 84.

References
References

Books
 K. C. Kao, T. W. Davies (1968), "Spectrophotometric Studies of Ultra Low Loss Optical Glasses – I: Single Beam Method", Journal of Scientific Instruments (Journal of Physics E) 2 (1): 1063–1068. 
 K. C. Kao (June 1986), "1012 bit/s Optoelectronics Technology", IEE Proceedings 133, Pt.J, No 3, 230–236. 
 K. C. Kao, A Time And A Tide (Autobiography of Charles K. Kao)
 K. C. Kao (July 2005)《潮平岸闊——高錕自述》(translated by 許迪鏘) Joint Publishing (Autobiography of Charles K. Kao)

Other websites

 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics information
 BBC: Lighting the way to a revolution
 IEEE Oral-History: Charles Kao
 Mountain View Voice: The legacy of Charles Kao
 Man who lit up the world – Professor Charles Kao CBE FREng  Ingenia, Issue 43, June 2010

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Chinese physicists
Hong Kong people
British physicists
American physicists
Scientists from Shanghai
Chinese Nobel Prize winners
Auguste Deter (; 16 May 1849 – 8 June 1906) was a German woman. 

She is the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Auguste had a normal life. However, during the late 1890s, she started showing symptoms of dementia, such as: loss of memory, delusions, and even temporary vegetative states. She would have trouble sleeping, would drag sheets across the house, and even scream for hours in the middle of the night.

She died on 8 June 1906 from Alzheimer's in Frankfurt, aged 57.

References

Other websites

 Who Named It? - Alois Alzheimer
 Alzheimer's: 100 years on 
 Alois Alzheimer's Biography, International Brain Research Organization 
 Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research - Prof. Dr. Christian Haass 
 Bibliography of secondary sources on Alois Alzheimer and Alzheimer's disease, selected from peer-reviewed journals.
 Graeber Manuel B. "Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915)"  International Brain Research Organization
1849 births
1906 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
German people
People from Hesse
Courtney Keith Allen (August 21, 1923 – February 4, 2014) was a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and former National Hockey League (NHL) head coach and general manager. He was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He was the executive vice president of the Philadelphia Flyers.

Allen died at an assisted living facility on February 4, 2014. He was 90 years old. He had suffered from dementia in his later years.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2014 deaths
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Deaths from dementia
Detroit Red Wings players
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Sportspeople from Saskatoon
Springfield Indians players
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
Darryl Gerard "D. J." Augustin, Jr. (born November 10, 1987 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Orlando Magic of the NBA. He played point guard for the University of Texas Longhorns from 2006 to 2008. He was drafted ninth overall by the Charlotte Bobcats of the National Basketball Association in 2008. Augustin is listed as 6'0" (1.83 m) by the NBA but stands 5'11" (1.78 m) barefoot according to the 2008 pre-draft measurements.

References

Other websites

 
 Profile at TexasSports.com 

1987 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from New Orleans
American basketball players
Tony Rena Snell, Jr. (born November 10, 1991 in Los Angeles, California) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

References

Other websites
NBA.com Profile

1991 births
Living people
American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Child's Play 2 is an American horror movie released in 1990. The movie is about a killer doll named Chucky that is causing violent terror in Chicago. Brad Dourif plays Chucky.

This movie was released in November 1990 across North America. The reviews were mixed. The box office was successful.

References

Other websites 
 

1990 horror movies
1990 thriller movies
Child's Play movies
American thriller movies
Movies set in Chicago
Universal Pictures movies
Věra Tichánková (7 December 1920 – 9 January 2014) was a Czech actress. She was born in Zarnovická Hut, Nová Bana, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). Tichánková studied at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague. She began her acting career in 1940 which lasted over seventy years. Věra Tichánková died on 9 January 2014, aged 93, in Prague, Czech Republic. She was survived by her husband, actor and playwright Jan Skopeček.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2014 deaths
Czech movie actors
Czech television actors
William Collins (15 November 1951 – 1 January 2014), better known by his stage name Billy McColl, was a Scottish actor. He was born in Hamilton, Scotland, McColl began his career in 1978. He had many different roles on British television shows such as Doctor Who, Hamish MacBeth, The Bill and Taggart. Billy McColl died on 1 January 2014, aged 62, in London, England. He was survived by his daughter, Maud.

References

Other websites

1951 births
2014 deaths
People from Fife
Scottish television actors
Scottish movie actors
Carlos García Romero (25 June 1940 – 30 December 2013), better known by his stage name Tito Mora, was a Spanish pop singer. Mora was born in Madrid. He began his career in the 1950s as a singer for Los Brujos, one of Spain's first pop music groups. He recorded his final album in 1996. Tito Mora died from a long pulmonary illness on 30 December 2013, aged 72, at a hospital in Madrid.

References

1940 births
2013 deaths
Musicians from Madrid
Spanish singers
Deaths from respiratory failure
Urban history is the study of the history of urbanism. It looks into why and how cities developed. Urban history also studies the social, political, cultural and economic aspects of cities. Most urban historians focus on the larger or more important cities. There is much less attention to small cities, towns and suburbs. Urban history involves several other fields of study as they affect cities. These include archaeology, architecture, sociology, and the political and economic aspects of cities over time.

Related pages 
 Journal of Planning History
 Danish Centre of Urban History
 International Planning History Society
 Society for American City and Regional Planning History

Other websites 
 Gilbert A. Stelter, "Introduction to the Study of Urban History" (1996) 
 The Urban History Association 
 Centre for Urban History, University of Leicester, U.K.
 Centre for Urban History, University of Antwerp, Belgium
 Center for Urban History of East Central Europe, Lviv, Ukraine

References
References 

History of urban planning
Urban planning
Urban geography
Ladislav Šmíd (born February 1, 1986, in Frýdlant v Čechách, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech NHL ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames.

Career
Before playing the NHL, Šmíd played 3 seasons with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim with the 9th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He spent 1 season with the Mighty Ducks AHL affiliate team, the Portland Pirates and was traded along with Joffrey Lupul and draft picks to the Edmonton Oilers for Chris Pronger on July 3, 2006. He played 8 seasons with the Oilers and was known as a shutdown defencemen when he was paired with Jeff Petry.

On November 8, 2013, the Oilers traded Šmíd along with Olivier Roy to the Calgary Flames for Roman Horák and Laurent Brossoit.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1986 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Flames players
Czech ice hockey players
Edmonton Oilers players
Living people
Portland Pirates players
Ice hockey defencemen
Springfield Falcons players
Stockton Heat players
Dane William DeHaan (born February 6, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Jesse on the HBO cable television program In Treatment and as Andrew Detmer in the 2012 movie Chronicle.

DeHaan was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He began a career in acting after graduating from the University of North Carolina in 2008. DeHaan married actress Anna Wood on June 30, 2012. They live together in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Allentown, Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
About Last Night may refer to:

About Last Night (1986 movie)
About Last Night (2014 movie)
No Holds Barred is a 1989 American professional wrestling movie.

It was produced by Michael Rachmil (with Vince McMahon and Hulk Hogan being credited as executive producers). It was written by Dennis Hackin and directed by Thomas J. Wright. No Holds Barred was released on June 2, 1989 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 5% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Cast 
 Hulk Hogan as Rip
 Joan Severance as Samantha Moore
 Kurt Fuller as Brell
 Tom "Tiny" Lister, Jr. as Zeus
 Mark Pellegrino as Randy
 Bill Henderson as Charlie
 Charles Levin as Ordway
 David Paymer as Unger
 Patrick O'Bryan as Craig
 Jeep Swenson as Lugwrench Perkins
 Bill Eadie as Jake Bullet
 Stan Hansen as Neanderthal
 Rebecca Wackler as Ms. Tidings
 Bruce Taylor as Mr. Johnson
 "Mean" Gene Okerlund as Himself
 Jesse "The Body" Ventura as Himself
 Howard Finkel as Himself

Pay-per-view
Pay-per-view 

There was a pay-per-view called No Holds Barred: The Match/The Movie which happened on December 12, 1989 and aired on December 27, 1989. The pay-per-view's card were the matches that were featured in the movie.

References

Other websites 

1989 movies
1980s sports movies
American sports movies
1980s English-language movies
Karl Sune Detlof Bergström (10 January 1916 – 15 August 2004) was a Swedish biochemist. He was Dean of the Karolinska Institute Medical Department in Stockholm. In 1969 he became the Rector. Bergström was best known for his work with lipid compounds. For his work on prostaglandins and related substances, Bergström was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982, along with co-recipients Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane.

References

Other websites
 Sune Bergstrom, Biochemist and Nobel Winner, Dies at 88, NY Times Obituary

1916 births
2004 deaths
Scientists from Stockholm
Swedish Nobel Prize winners
In mathematics (particularly in linear algebra), a linear mapping (or linear transformation) is a mapping f between vector spaces that preserves addition and scalar multiplication.

Definition 
Let V and W be vector spaces over the same field K. A function f: V → W is said to be a linear mapping if for any two vectors x and y in V and any scalar (number) α in K, the following two conditions are satisfied:

Sometimes, a linear mapping is called a linear function. However, in basic mathematics, a linear function means a function whose graph is a line. The set of all linear mappings from the vector space V to vector space W can be written as .

Related pages
 Homomorphism
 Transformation

References 

Functions and mappings
Linear algebra
Rajendran Mani is a bodybuilder from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Mani was in the Indian Air Force for 15 years. After he retired, he began weightlifting. He has won both the Mr. India and Champion of Champion titles in India 14 times. He won the Mr. World  title at the fifth World Bodybuilding and Physique Sports Championships. The event was held in Budaors, Hungary on November 13-17, 2013.

Rajendran Mani is a very popular bodybuilder in south India. He ranks no 4 in the top 10 Indian bodybuilder list.

Early life
Early life

Rajendran Mani was born in 1974 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. His father was a boxer which made him encourage to assemble his physique. He has a son who may also be a physique setting up champion. He started his teaching when he was 10 years earlier by turning into a member of in a well being membership as a cleaner. He has a terrific passion for well being and he realized one of the best ways to do gymnastics at his teenage. Rajendran Mani has Four brothers and a sister. He likes to spend his leisure alongside along with his pigeon. All through his teenage, he not at all went outing alongside along with his associates, each time he’ll get time, he used to use on the well being membership. His arduous work made him win further titles and now he is considered one in all many greats bodybuilders of India.

Bodybuilding Career
Rajendran Mani served for Indian Air Stress for virtually 15 years. He gained the first championship inside the 12 months 2002. He gained his first nationwide championship in 2009, the place he was awarded as Mr. Asia 2009. Inside the 12 months 2013, he gained the title World Bodybuilding and Physique Sports activities actions Championship held at Hungary inside the males’s 90 kg class. In 2016, he gained Mr. World and Mr. Asia and inside the following 12 months, he as soon as extra gained the title, Mr. India. Rajendran Mani was titled Mr. INDIA Champions of Champion 13 situations, Mr. Asia three situations, Mr. World 2 situations, and Mr. Indian Suppliers Champion 12 situations. Moreover, he has moreover earned the nickname “THE INDIAN HULK”. Rajendran Mani has moreover gained 4 complete titles inside the 12 months of 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2016. Beforehand 52 years, he is the one one who has gained the Championship title on the heavy class of 100 kg from Tamil Nadu.

References
References

1974 births
Living people
Indian bodybuilders
The Royal Bhutan Army () is the army of Bhutan. Its job is to protect the territory of Bhutan and maintain stability inside the country.

References 

Bhutan
Bhutan
Päijänne Tavastia is a region in Southern Finland. As of November 30, 2013, 202,525 people lived there. Neighbourin regions are Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, Southern Savonia and Kymenlaakso

Related pages
 Päijät-Hämeen liitto

Päijät-Häme
The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS) is a medical service in Australia. It was the first flying medical service in the world. It provides emergency and other health care to people living in rural and remote areas. It is a not-for-profit organisation.

Communities in the Outback and the bush are generally small, and spread over large distances. Many farms, stations and outstations are located far from towns over rough trails. Because of this, many of these places do not have access to hospitals or doctors. The Flying Doctor Service brings medical service to them. It can land planes in any community that has an airstrip.

Today it has a fleet of about 60 planes. They fly from 21 bases located across Australia.

History
History

Beginnings 
The service was started by Reverend John Flynn. He had worked in rural areas of Victoria. In 1912, he was asked by the Presbyterian Church to look at the needs of people living in the Northern Territory. His report about it led to the creation of the Australian Inland Mission (AIM). Flynn became the manager of this. It began as one nursing clinic. By 1926, it had become a network of ten nursing clinics.

On 15 May 1928, Flynn formed the AIM Aerial Medical Service. This was an experiment based in Cloncurry, in Queensland. AIM leased a de Havilland DH.50 plane from the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Service (Qantas). The plane was named Victory. It would fly doctors to remote communities. The service answered its first call on 17 May 1928. From Cloncurry, the plane flew  to Julia Creek in central Queensland. Within its first year of operations, the service flew more than 30,000 kilometres in 50 flights. It became the world's first flying ambulance service.
From the mid-1920s, Flynn had been experimenting with radio together with Alfred Traeger. Traeger built the first pedal-powered transmitter in 1929. It allowed people in remote places to contact a central medical base. These transmitters were given out gradually to stations, missions and other communities around Cloncurry. Cloncurry was the base site for a large transmitter.

Support 

During its first few decades, the service got most of its money from community fundraising, volunteers and donations. Today, the service gets financial help from the federal and state governments. But it still needs money from fundraising and donations from the community.

Until the 1960s, the service mostly leased planes and pilots. After this point, the service moved on to buying its own equipment and employing its own pilots and mechanics.
Growth 
By the early 1930s, there was growing interest in expanding the service across the continent. Demand for its services was increasing. In response, the service expanded its fleet by hiring more planes and more pilots. Money from fundraising and the Australian Government helped to finance the project. In 1934, it became the Australian Aerial Medical Service. It opened up new bases across the country, in Wyndham, Port Hedland, Kalgoorlie, Broken Hill, Alice Springs, Meekatharra, Charters Towers and Charleville. These bases were organised into "sections". A council to manage the organisation was formed in 1936.

The service's name was changed to the Flying Doctor Service in 1942. It was given the honorific "Royal" in 1955.

Related pages 
 Connellan Airways

References
References

More reading 
 Richard Woldendorp and Roger McDonald (2002) Australia's Flying Doctors: The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Fremantle Arts Centre Press. .
 Bill Marsh (2012) The Complete Book of Australian Flying Doctor Stories. HarperCollins Australia. .

Other websites 
 Royal Flying Doctor Service
 Australian Inland Mission collection – photographs from the National Library of Australia

Emergency services
Charities
1928 establishments
1920s establishments in Australia
Medical and health organizations
Non-profit organizations of Australia
Chevrolet Chevette was a car. It was made from 1975 to 1987 in the United States. It was also made in South America till almost 1999. The vehicle was a subcompact car. It was a good selling vehicle in the United States and Canada.

The production for Chevette ended December 23, 1986. GM replaced this car with a badge engineered version of the Suzuki Cultus, selling it under various names such as Chevrolet Sprint/Sprint Metro, Geo/Chevrolet Metro, Pontiac Fireflty, Holden Barina. The next subcompact vehicle GM made for North America was the Chevrolet Aveo in 2004. The Aveo was later rebranded as the Sonic in 2012.

Chevette
1980s automobiles
The Chevrolet Celebrity was a car. It was made from 1982 to 1990. The Celebrity was the best-selling car in 1986 in North America. The vehicle lasted one generation.

The sedan was stopped for 1989. The station wagon was last produced for 1990. Chevrolet replaced the sedan with the Lumina, and the station was succeeded by Chevrolet Lumina APV (a minivan).

The Celebrity is similar to the Buick Century, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera and Pontiac 6000.

Celebrity
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
John Clare (13 July 1793 – 20 May 1864) was an English poet. He was the son of a farm labourer. He was known for his poems about the English countryside.

His biographer Jonathan Bate states that Clare was "the greatest labouring-class poet that England has ever produced. No one has ever written more powerfully of nature, of a rural childhood, and of the alienated and unstable self."

Notes

1793 births
1864 deaths
English poets
People from Northamptonshire
Nellie Tayloe Ross (born Nellie Davis; November 29, 1876 — December 19, 1977) was an American politician. She was the 14th Governor of Wyoming. She is the only female governor that state has had.

Ross was born near St. Joseph, Missouri. She died when she was 101 years old.

Governors of Wyoming
1876 births
1977 deaths
Writers from Wyoming
Martha Layne Collins (born Martha Layne Hall; December 7, 1936) is a former American businesswoman and politician from Kentucky. As of 2014, she is the only female governor Kentucky has had. She was the fifty-sixth Governor (1983-87) after replacing John Y. Brown Jr..

Collins was considered as a running mate for Democratic Presidential nominee Walter Mondale. Mondale, however, chose Geraldine Ferraro for his mate.

Layne Collins was born in Bagdad, Kentucky.

References

1936 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Governors of Kentucky
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Kentucky
Miriam A. Ferguson (born Miriam Amanda Wallace; June 13 1875 — June 25, 1961) was a politician in Texas. She was nicknamed "Ma" Ferguson. She became the Governor of Texas on two different occasions. She was the second woman governor that served the United States.

Ferguson was born in Bell County, Texas. She died of heart failure, age eighty six.

Governors of Texas
1875 births
1961 deaths
Christine Todd Whitman (sometimes called Christie; born September 26, 1946) is a former American Republican Governor. She served New Jersey (January 1994 to January 2001). She was also the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (2001-03). She is so far the only female governor from New Jersey.

Todd Whitman was born in New York City.

References

Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Governors of New Jersey
1946 births
Living people
Margaret "Maggie" Hassan (before that: Margaret Wood; born February 27, 1958) is an American politician from New Hampshire. She is the U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. She previously operated as the 81st governor of New Hampshire from 2013 to 2017. She was elected governor in November 2012 and reelected in November 2014.

In 2016, she ran for the U.S. Senate and unseated Kelly Ayotte, the Republican incumbent in New Hampshire. She narrowly won the election by less than 720 votes.

Hassan was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Governors of New Hampshire
United States senators from New Hampshire
Politicians from Boston
1958 births
Living people
Rocket Power, is an American animated television series that was created by Arlene Klasky and Gabor Csupo. The series started on August 7, 1999 and ended on July 30, 2004. The show returned to "The '90s Are All That" programming block from December 23, 2013 until January 12, 2014.

Overview
The series is about four friends Oswald "Otto" Rocket , Regina "Reggie" Rocket , Maurice "Twister" Rodriguez (Otto's 1st best friend), and Sam "Squid" Dullard (Otto's 2nd best friend) that play extreme sports and live in the fictional Southern California town of Ocean Shores.

References

Other websites
Rocket Power  on NickToons.com

1999 American television series debuts
1990s American animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
Television series set in California
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a federal law enforcement group. The ATF became its own organization on January 17, 2003, after it was proposed in the Homeland Security Act of 2002. They are a branch of the United States Department of Justice. The ATF actively prevents dangerous criminals and criminal organizations from illegally trafficking firearms and explosives, illegal storage of explosives, arson, bombings, and acts of arson, as well as stopping the illegal sale of alcohol and tobacco.

References

Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
Beykent University ()  is a university in Istanbul, Turkey.

References

Other websites
 Beykent University Website 

Colleges and universities in Istanbul
1997 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Turkey
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) is an American federal law. This law allows extended criminal penalties and civil actions for criminal networks. RICO means that the leaders of any group can be tried for crimes if they forced others do the crimes or help with the crimes.

The RICO act covers these crimes:

Embezzlement
Bankruptcy fraud or other fraud
Obstruction of justice
Copyright infringing
Bribery

RICO started in 1970. Many different groups have been threatened with lawsuits or sued under this law.
Examples include: 
 Hell's Angels Motorcycle Club
 Los Angeles Police Department
 Michael Milken
 Some Catholic dioceses

References

1970 establishments in the United States
United States federal legislation
Carlos Ariel Borges (14 January 1932 – 5 February 2014) was an Uruguayan footballer. Borges is best known for scoring the first goal ever in a Copa Libertadores.

He earned 35 caps and scored 10 goals for the Uruguay national football team from 1954 to 1959. He played in the 1954 FIFA World Cup when Uruguay finished fourth, as he scored four goals including a hat-trick against Scotland. During his club career he played for C.A. Peñarol.

He died on February 5, 2014, aged 82.

References

1932 births
2014 deaths
Footballers from Montevideo
Louan Gideon (November 12, 1955 - February 3, 2014) was an American actress. She is best known for her role as Danielle Atron in The Secret World of Alex Mack. She was also in Search for Tomorrow.

Gideon died on February 3, 2014 in Asheville, North Carolina from cancer, aged 58.

References

Other websites

1955 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in North Carolina
People from Asheville, North Carolina
Althea Louise Brough Clapp (March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American tennis player, once ranked world no. 1.

She was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma but moved to Beverly Hills, California when she was four years old.

Brough Clapp appeared in six singles finals at the U.S. Championships, but won only in 1947. She had a match point at 6–5 in the third set of the 1948 final against duPont. She also had three match points in the 1954 final against Hart, the first at 5–4 in the third set and two more at 6–5 in that set.

She was inducted in the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1967.

Brough died at her home in Vista, California, on February 3, 2014, at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
International Tennis Hall of Fame

1923 births
2014 deaths
American tennis players
Australian Open champions
French Open champions
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Benny the Bull, commonly known as Benny, is the mascot of the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association. He has been the official mascot since 1969. Benny is one of the longest-tenured mascots in the NBA and in all of professional sports.

For more than 40 years, Benny the Bull has been entertaining Chicago Bulls fans, first at Chicago Stadium (1969–1994), and then at the United Center (1994–present). In 2013, Benny was named the most popular mascot in sports by Forbes.

He wears a jersey with the name "Benny" with the number "1" above on his back. Benny sports several different costumes based on the theme of the game as well as his overall "mood". Benny the Bull can also do many different kinds of dances.

References

Sports mascots
Chicago Bulls
1969 establishments in Illinois
The Chicago Stadium (nicknamed the 'Madhouse on Madison') was an indoor sports arena and theater in Chicago, Illinois. It opened in 1929, and closed in 1994. It was demolished in 1995 because the Chicago Blackhawks and Chicago Bulls moved to the United Center.

Michael Jordan played his prime years and the Bulls won their first three championships while using Chicago Stadium.

The Stadium hosted the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL from 1929–1994 and the Chicago Bulls of the NBA from 1967–1994.

The arena was the site of the first NFL playoff game in 1932; the 1932, 1940, and 1944 Democratic National Conventions; and the 1932 and 1944 Republican National Conventions.

The Chicago Blackhawks, also previously known as the Chicago Stadium Corporation, and not the Bulls, are the actual owners of both Chicago Stadium and the United Center.

References

Other websites
Other websites

Chicago Stadium's Basketball History
Chicago Stadium's Ice Hockey History
A web page devoted to the fabled Chicago Stadium Barton organ
Remembering The Big Barn on W. Madison and its Big Barton Pipe Organ 

1929 establishments in Illinois
1995 disestablishments in the United States
Sports buildings in Chicago
1990s disestablishments in Illinois
Wesley Willis (May 31, 1963 – August 21, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and visual artist from Chicago.

Willis began a career as an underground singer-songwriter in the outsider music tradition, with songs featuring his bizarre, humorous and often obscene lyrics sung over the auto accompaniment feature on his Technics KN electronic keyboard.

On August 21, 2003, Willis died due to complications from chronic myelogenous leukemia in Skokie, Illinois. He was 40 years old.

References

Other websites
 Wesley Willis Biography and MP3s at Alternative Tentacles 
 monzy.org Wesley Willis Biography including Wesley Willis Song Generator 
 Press release  from Willis's good friend Jello Biafra in memory of Willis
 Art of Wesley Willis , drawings by Willis of scenes in Chicago, as well as a sampling of his music.
 Wesley Willis Art , drawings by Willis of scenes in Chicago
 Loved Like a Milkshake A Wesley Willis tribute album by a variety of artists
1963 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American singer-songwriters
People from Skokie, Illinois
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Chicago
Richard James "Rich" Appel (born May 21, 1963) is an American writer, producer and former lawyer. He is best known for writing and producing Fox animated sitcoms such as Family Guy, American Dad!, and The Simpsons. He also co-created The Cleveland Show with Seth MacFarlane and Mike Henry.

Background
Appel was born in New York City, New York and grew up in Wilmette, Illinois. He graduated from Harvard University. While at Harvard, he wrote for The Harvard Lampoon with Conan O'Brien and Greg Daniels. He originally worked as a lawyer. He began a career in television writing in 1994. Appel married author Mona Simpson in 1993. They had two children together before divorcing.

References

Other websites

 

Living people
Lawyers from New York City
American television producers
American television writers
Harvard University alumni
Writers from New York City
1963 births
American voice actors
People from New York City
Screenwriters from New York (state)
The Simpsons
Catherine Elizabeth "Kate" Pierson (born April 27, 1948) is an American musician and singer. She was one of the members of The B-52's. She does rock and new wave music. She also sang with other bands.

Pierson was born in Weehawken, New Jersey.

References

1948 births
Living people
Musicians from New Jersey
American rock musicians
New wave singers
B*Witched are a girl group from Ireland. The group has four female singers. They sing pop and dancing music. Their songs, including "C'est la Vie" and "Rollercoaster", were successful in the United Kingdom. They had other songs.

The group broke up in 2002. They got together again in 2012.

1990s establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1990s Irish music groups
2000s Irish music groups
2010s Irish music groups
Girl groups
Irish pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from Dublin
Musical quartets
2002 disestablishments in Europe
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
Musical groups established in 2012
2012 establishments in Europe
Vasiľ Biľak (11 August 1917 – 6 February 2014) was a Slovak communist leader.

He was born in Krajná Bystrá, Austria-Hungary. His family were Rusyns. He first worked as a tailor and then became a politician. First, from 1955 until 1971, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia (ÚV KSS). Biľak was, from November 1968 until December 1988, a secretary of ÚV KSČ with important impact on the foreign policy of the party. From 1960 until 1989, he was a part of the National Assembly, later the Federal Assembly.

Vasiľ Biľak died on 6 February 2014 in Bratislava, Slovakia. He was aged 96.

References

1917 births
2014 deaths
Czechoslovak communists
Czechoslovak politicians
Slovakian politicians
John Harold Ostrom (February 18, 1928 – July 16, 2005) was an American paleontologist.

In the 1960s, he showed that dinosaurs are more like big non-flying birds than they are like lizards (or "saurians"). Thomas Henry Huxley in the 1860s had thought birds evolved from dinosaurs, based on a comparison of Archaeopteryx with Compsognathus. Huxley's idea was later discarded, mainly because Heilmann, in 1926, had different views.

The first of Ostrom's reviews of the osteology and phylogeny of the primitive bird Archaeopteryx appeared in 1976. After the modern discoveries of fossil dinobirds in China, the HuxleyOstrom theory was accepted by almost all palaeontologists.

Ostrom was a professor at Yale University. He was the Curator Emeritus of vertebrate paleontology at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, which has an impressive fossil collection started by Othniel Charles Marsh. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease.
Discoveries 
His 1964 discovery of Deinonychus was one of the most important fossil finds in history. Deinonychus was an active predator that clearly killed its prey by leaping and slashing or stabbing with its "terrible claw". Evidence of a truly active lifestyle included long strings of tendons running along the tail, making it a stiff counterbalance for jumping and running. The conclusion that at least some dinosaurs had a high metabolism, and were therefore warm-blooded, was popularized by his student Robert Bakker. This helped to change the impression of dinosaurs as the sluggish, slow, cold-blooded lizards which had prevailed since the turn of the century.

This changed how dinosaurs are seen by both professional dinosaur illustrators, and by the public. The find is also credited with triggering the "dinosaur renaissance", a term coined in a 1975 issue of Scientific American by Bakker. It describes the renewed  interest in paleontology, which has lasted from the 1970s to the present.
Ostrom's interest in the dinosaur-bird connection started with his study of what is now known as the Haarlem Archaeopteryx. Discovered in 1855, it was actually the first specimen recovered but, incorrectly labeled as Pterodactylus crassipes, it languished in the Teyler's Museum in the Netherlands until Ostrom's 1970 paper (and 1972 description) correctly identified it as one of only eight "first birds" (counting the solitary feather).

Ostrom also studied fossilized trackways of the duckbilled dinosaur Hadrosaurus. He decided they traveled in herds. To this extent they were social animals like many birds and mammals, but unlike lizards.

References 

 Obituary Los Angeles Times July 21, 2005

Other websites 
Dinosaurs in your garden

1928 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American paleontologists
People from New York City
Maya Mikhaylovna Plisetskaya (; 20 November 1925 – 2 May 2015) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, director and actress. She was born in Moscow, Soviet Union.

Plisetskaya gained an interest in ballet at a young age and was active during the Soviet period. She has been called by some, such as Nikita Khrushchev, one of the best ballerinas of all time. She was married to composer and pianist Rodion Shchedrin from 1958 until her death.

Early life
Plisetskaya was born in Moscow, Russia to Lithuanian Jewish parents. Her mother, Rachel Messerer, was a silent movie actress and her father, Mikhail Plisetski, was a diplomat. She studied at the Bolshoi Theater.

Family 
In 1938, her father was arrested and later executed during the Stalinist purges. Her mother was arrested soon after and, with Maya's seven-month-old baby brother, sent to a gulag in Kazakhstan for the next three years. Plisetskaya was taken in by her maternal aunt (a ballerina) until her mother was released in 1941.
During the years without her parents, and barely a teenager, Plisetskaya "faced terror, war, and dislocation". As a result, "Maya took refuge in ballet and the Bolshoi Theatre".

Dancing 
For many years she was not allowed to tour outside the Soviet Union. This ban was lifted in 1959 by Nikita Khrushchev.

Able to travel the world as a member of the Bolshoi, her skill as a dancer was widely recognised. It set a high standard for ballerinas in technique and dramatic presence. Khrushchev allowed her to go on the Bolshoi tour in New York and he was immensely satisfied upon reading the reviews of her performances. He embraced her on her return.
Within a few years, she was recognized as “an international superstar” and a continuous “box office hit throughout the world”. The Soviet Union treated her as a favored cultural emissary, as “the dancer who did not defect”. Although she toured extensively during the years that other dancers defected, including Rudolph Nureyev, Natalia Makarova and Mikhail Baryshnikov, Plisetskaya always returned to Russia.

Plisetskaya explains that for her generation, and her family in particular, defecting was a moral issue. She had once asked her mother why their family didn't leave the Soviet Union when they had the chance, at the time living in Norway. Her mother said “Misha would never have been a traitor”.

Personal life
Plisetskaya married composer Rodion Shchedrin in 1958. They lived in Munich, Germany. She was close friends with Robert F. Kennedy. Plisetskaya was a naturalized citizen of Lithuania and Spain.

Death
Plisetskaya died in Munich, Germany on 2 May 2015 from a heart attack, aged 89.
Awards 
Plisetskaya was given many awards by the Soviet Union, and by Russia. Of special note were:

Soviet Union 
 Hero of Socialist Labour (1985)
 Three Orders of Lenin (1967, 1976, 1985)
 Lenin Prize (1964)
 People's Artist of USSR (1959)

Russia 
 Order of Merit for the Fatherland

References

Other websites

 

1925 births
2015 deaths
Russian choreographers
Entertainers from Moscow
Lithuanian Jews
Russian ballerinas
Russian Jews
Russian movie actors
Soviet actors
Soviet Jews
Brent Matthew Hayden (born October 21, 1983 in Mission, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired swimmer.

During the 100-metre freestyle event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London he won the bronze medal for Canada. He became the first Canadian in 21 years to win a gold medal at the World Aquatics Championships. He was also the first Canadian to appear in the 100-metre final at the Olympics since Dick Pound appeared at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was also the first Canadian to win an Olympic medal in the 100 m event.

After the men's 4 × 100-metre medley relay at the Olympics, Hayden announced that he was retiring. He said he believed in the Canadian swim team to thrive in the future, saying that "I think in the grand scheme of things, with the people we have, we’ve done an amazing job … As long as we keep that momentum building, I think we’re going to see more success come from more diverse events."

References

Other websites
 Official website
1983 births
Canadian Olympic bronze medalists
Canadian swimmers
Living people
People from Mission, British Columbia
Sportspeople from British Columbia
The Zhucheng fossil site is in Zhucheng, a city in the Shandong Province of China. It is perhaps the greatest treasury of dinosaur fossils found in the 20th century.

Zhucheng has been an important site for dinosaur excavation since 1960. The local community used the calcium-rich fossils for traditional village remedies used to treat muscle cramps and other minor ailments.

The world's largest hadrosaur fossil was found in Zhucheng in the 1980s, and is on display in the local museum. Scientists have collected more than  of fossils since 1960.

Many dinosaur bones were smuggled out of the city. In 2008 Australia returned hundreds of kilograms of Chinese dinosaur fossils, including dinosaur fossil eggs. These fossils were recovered during a sting operation carried out on warehouses and cargo containers.
The palaeontologists believe they have found one of the biggest sites of dinosaur remains from a massive excavation pit. The fossilized bones date to the Upper Cretaceous just before to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The findings also include the remains of a 20 meter (66 ft) hadrosaurid, a record size for the duck-billed dinosaur. A fossilized skull of a large ceratopsian was also found along with bones which belong to club-tailed ankylosaurs.

Such a high concentration of fossil bones in such a small area suggests they died together and suddenly. Scientists believe a volcanic eruption may have killed the dinosaurs, and a subsequent flood carried the fossils to Zhucheng, which may have been a wetland covered in grass.

The local authorities in Shandong are making plans to set up a fossil park in the area.

References 

Lagerstätten
Sarona Reiher (born January 10, 1978) better known by her ring name Tamina Snuka, is an American professional wrestler. She is curretly wrestling for the WWE. She is the daughter of WWE Hall of Famer Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka.

Career
On the May 24, 2010 episode of Raw, Reiher debuted along with Jimmy and Jey Uso. On the September 28, 2013 episode of SmackDown, she began accompanying WWE Divas champion AJ Lee to the ring. She currently teams with her and acts as her bodyguard.

Championships
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
She was ranked #19 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2012.
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013) (with AJ Lee, Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Rosa Mendes and Summer Rae vs. Brie Bella, Cameron, Eva Marie, Jojo, Naomi, Natalya and Nikki Bella on November 24)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1978 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Washington (state)
WWE wrestlers
Royal Highness is a style of address traditionally used to address or refer to members of the royal families. This address is usually for princes, other than monarchs, and their female consorts. This style ranks below that of Imperial Highness. Historically the term was first used by Gaston, Duke of Orléans, younger son of King Henry IV of France. He encountered this style in Brussels and used it himself. His children later used the style, considering it their right as grandchildren of France. In contradiction to other European kingdoms, the kingdom of Denmark reserves the superior style of Royal Highness only to the children of the monarch and the children of the crown prince; other grandchildren of a Danish monarch enjoy the style of Highness, e.g. Princess Elisabeth of Denmark.

Examples of modern usage
His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. Present day heir to the British throne. 
Her Royal Highness Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, Duchess of Brabant First in line to the present day Belgian throne. 
Her Royal Highness The Princess of Asturias. The first in line to the modern day Spanish throne. 
His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Greece, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Sparta. The eldest son and heir of the pretender to the modern day Greek throne. Due to Greece being a Republic the title of HRH is not officially recognised but is used out of courtesy.

Related pages
Royal family
Titles of European royal heirs
Prince

References

Styles (manners of address)
HI or Hi can mean several things:

 Hello, an informal greeting in the English language
 Hi, a short version of Hello.
 Hindi, an Indo-Aryan language 
 Hydrogen iodide, in chemistry
 Hainan, a province of China
 Hawaii, a state of the United States
 Holiday Inn, a brand of hotels
The Metre Convention is the treaty that set up the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The BIPM is an inter-governmental organization that is responsible for harmonizing systems of measurement across the world. The treaty was first made in 1875 between 17 countries.

The member countries agreed to share the costs of running a laboratory on neutral territory. The international prototype metre and the international prototype kilogram would be kept at the laboratory. Member state's national prototype metres and kilograms would be compared with the international prototypes at regular intervals. Member states would have regular meetings to discuss developments in measurement technology.
In 1921 the treaty was extended to cover electrical and all other physical measurements. This enabled the BIPM to published the standards for the International System of Units (SI).  Under SI, units of measurements that are used in science and engineering were defined in a logical manner. The rules for SI also standardized the way in which physical quantities are written.

In 2014 the BIPM had 55 member countries.
Before the treaty 
The metric system was developed in France in the 1790s. The length of the metre was made to be one ten millionth of the distance between the North Pole and the equator. Between 1791 and 1798 the French men Delambre (a mathematician and astronomer) and Méchain (an astronomer) measured the distance between Dunkirk and Barcelona. The measurements were used to make a metal bar exactly 443.296 lignes long (the ligne is an old French unit of length equal to one twelfth of a French inch). The bar would be used as a standard for the metre. The bar was later called the metre des archives. By the 1860s it was found that the metre des archives was 0.03% shorter than it was supposed to have been.
The Great Exhibition in London in 1851 and the Paris International Exhibition in 1867 had shown the need for different nations to use the same units of measurement. In the 1860s there were many discussions by astronomers and surveyors from outside France whether they should use the metre des archives or whether they should use a "new metre" that took account of the 0.03% error. Prussia took the lead in organizing conferences in Berlin to discuss the matter.  France did not take part in the conferences.  Before any actions could be taken the Franco-Prussian War broke out.  Prussia defeated France and the German Empire was formed.

In 1875 France invited representatives to Paris to discuss the matter.  This helped France to score a diplomatic victory over Prussia and the German Empire.
Treaty details 
The treaty was signed by seventeen of the countries at the conference in Paris on 20 May 1875. The United Kingdom and the Netherlands went to the conference but did not sign the treaty at that time. After further consideration, the United Kingdom did sign the treaty in 1884.

The meeting agreed:
Three organisations would be set up to administer the treaty. 
Identical copies of the metre and kilogram would be manufactured. One copy of each would be chosen as the international master copy. Other copies would be distributed to member states.
The master copy of the metre and the kilogram would be kept in the laboratory.
The laboratory would be on neutral territory.
Members would compare their copies with the master copies at regular intervals.
The organisations would promote the use of the metric system.
International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) 
The organization set up by the treaty was the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Its French name is Bureau international des poids et mesures. Its abbreviation is BIPM. The BIPM has its headquarters at the Pavillon de Breteuil, Sèvres, France (close to Paris).  About 70 people work at the BIPM. The budget for 2013 was over €10 million ($12 million).

The three organisations were set up under the treaty. They are:
 The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM).
The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM).
The International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM).

The Bureau has responsibility for safeguarding the international prototype kilogram.