Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Biography of Siraj-ud-Dllah Dallah Wala Muslim 
•Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah was born in Murshidabad,Bengal on 1733 to Zain-Ud-Din-Ahmed-Khan(Father), and Amina Begum(Mother) to a Sunni Muslim family.
•His father was the Diwan of Bihar under the Nawab of Bengal Alivardi Khan.
•His mother was the youngest daughter of Nawab of Bengal Alivardi Khan(Father), and Sharf-Un-Nissa Begum(Mother).
•He was very brave since His childhood, and educationally strong, and intelligent too. He was the scholar of 9 languages, and was really good at Maths, and Science. Because Alivardi Khan wanted him to do so. He studied with his two childhood friend Mir Madan, and Mohanlal.
•His first war in his whole life was at The age of 9 years with Alivardi Khan at the age of 71 years with just 2,500 soldiers against the army of Raghoji Bhonsle, and Bhaskar Pandit with 20,000 soldiers.
•He has killed an Asian Lion without any weapons at age of just 13 years.
•During The Third Battle of Katwa, he defeated 32,000 soldiers of Sikh with just 5,000 specialised cavalry soldiers.
•During the First Battle of Siliguri He, and Alivardi Khan together with just 45,000 soldiers attacked, and defeated the 92,850 soldiers of Durrani Empire under Emperor Jahan-Bakht-Khan.
•During The Second Battle of Haldigram Commander Manikchand of Banga Jala Bahini (Bengal Navy) under Siraj with 45 vessels attacked, and defeated The East India Company Navy with 52 vessels, because of the technological advancement of the Bengal Navy.
•During The Seige of Calcutta Siraj, and Mohanlal took just 50 soldiers, attacked, and defeated the 4,000 soldiers of East India Company in Fort William, Calcutta.
Reign as Nawab Advik 
Siraj ud-Daulah received the title of Mansur-ul-Mulk, Seraj-ud-Daulla, Ghaseti Begum"(Victory of the Country, Light of the State, Horror in War). He was to succeed as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 AD at the age of twenty seven. Siraj ud-Daulah's nomination to the nawabship caused jealousy and enmity of Mehar-un-nisa Begum or Ghaseti Begum(eldest sister of Siraj's Mother Amina Begum), Raja Rajballabh, Mir Jafar Ali Khan and Shaukat Jang(Siraj's Cousin). Ghaseti Begum possessed huge wealth, which was the source of her influence and strength. On Perceiving serious opposition from her, Siraj ud-Daulah seized her wealth from Moti Jheel Palace and placed her in confinement. The nawab'' also made certain changes in high government positions giving them to his own favorites.

1733 births
1757 deaths
People of British India
Indian monarchs
18th century in India
Exeter College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The full name of the college is "The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College at the University of Oxford". It was founded in 1314, making it the fourth oldest college at Oxford. The college was founded by the Bishop of Exeter, Walter de Stapledon.

Exeter first allowed women to enroll in 1979. In 1993, it became the first Oxford college to elect a female Rector, Marilyn Butler.

Famous people who attended Exeter college include authors J.R.R. Tolkien and Phillip Pullman.

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1314 establishments
1310s establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in England
Green Templeton College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 2008, when Green College and Templeton College merged. It is the newest college at Oxford.

The former Green College was formed in 1979, and was named after one of its largest donors, Cecil H. Green, the founder of Texas Instruments. 

The former Templeton College was originally formed in 1965 as the Oxford Center for Management Studies.  It was renamed Templeton College in 1983 after John Templeton donated a large endowment.  In 1995, Templeton College was granted a charter as a graduate college of the University.

Green Templeton College is a graduate college only. It does not have any undergraduate students.

The college is located at the former Green College campus in North Oxford.  Its most notable building is the Radcliffe Observatory at the center of the campus.

Colleges of the University of Oxford
2008 establishments in the United Kingdom
Harris Manchester College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. Its formal name is "Manchester Academy and Harris College". It was founded in 1786 as the Manchester Academy in Manchester. The college moved from Manchester to York in 1803. It moved back to Manchester in 1840 and began an association with the University of London. The college moved to London in 1853. In 1889, the college moved to Oxford, and a new campus, designed by Thomas Worthington was completed in 1893.

The college became a full college of the University in 1996. At that time, it changed its name to Harris Manchester College.

Harris Manchester College only admits students who are at least 21 years old.

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1786 establishments in Europe
1780s establishments in England
Hank Green (born May 5, 1980) is an American YouTuber, author, and musician. He is the younger brother of John Green.

Personal life
He lives with his wife Katherine Green, in Missoula, Montana. He was born in Alabama.

On May 19, 2023, Green announced that he had been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Web projects
Hank and John have a YouTube channel called VlogBrothers. The brothers began the channel on January 1, 2007, when Hank made the channel's first video blog. Since then, Hank and John have been active on the channel, making videos back and forth. In the beginning of their channel's history, the videos were being made as a way to talk to each other without having to text. The two brothers made their goal to do this for a year, as a way to grow close to each other again, and called the project "Brotherhood 2.0."
Once 2007 ended, the brother said that the Brotherhood 2.0 project would end, but that they would continue making video blogs on the channel. Since then, the amount of fans of the channel, or as Hank and John call them, "Nerdfighters," have grown.

In 2007, Hank and John started "Project 4 Awesome," a charity fundraiser that takes place every year through the internet. Hank and John also started VidCon, a conference and convention held every year, beginning 2010.

In 2011, YouTube gave the Greens funds to start two educational channels, Crash Course, and SciShow. Hank hosts SciShow, which has videos on different science topics. On Crash Course, Hank teaches viewers science subjects, and started with biology.
In 2012, Hank made The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, a present-day adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, with producer Bernie Su. The show put up its episodes on YouTube, in a vlog diary style. Hank was an executive producer and a writer on the show. In 2013, the show won a Creative Arts Emmy Award in the "Interactive Media" category.

Music career
Hank started a record label called DFTBA Records with Alan Lastufka in 2008.

References

Other websites
Official website

1980 births
Living people
People from Missoula, Montana
Businesspeople from Alabama
Businesspeople from Montana
Musicians from Birmingham, Alabama
Musicians from Montana
21st-century American novelists
Kellogg College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1990 as "Rewley House". It was renamed as Kellogg College in 1994 to honor large financial donations from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. 

Kellogg College only admits graduate students. It does not have any undergraduate students. It was the first college at the University to allow part-time students. 

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1990 establishments in England
The Palace of Fine Arts () is the most important cultural center in Mexico. It is located in the historic center of Mexico City. The building has several murals by Diego Rivera, Siqueiros and others. Exhibitions and theatrical performances take place here, including performances of the Ballet Folklorico de Mexico.

References

Other websites 

 Palacio de Bellas Artes website
Palacio de Bellas Artes - Insight

Buildings and structures in Mexico City
Museums in North America
The Operation Restore Hope was an operation of the United States and many of its allied countries in Somalia. The operation was protected by the United Nations. The United States was the leader of this operation. Somalia was in civil war and many people were dying from hunger in this country. The goal of this operation was creating suitable conditions and calming down the situation in Somalia for helping the Somali people who needed food in the southern part of this country.

After the killing of several Pakistani peacekeepers, the Security Council ordered the allied forces by the Resolution 837, that they can do anything for sending the humanitarian aid to the Somali people in accordance to Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. This operation was successful.

References

1992 in Africa
1993
History of Somalia
1990s conflicts
Readings
Bill Anders  "We are now approaching lunar sunrise, and for all the people back on Earth, the crew of Apollo 8 has a message that we would like to send to you. 'In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep.And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.'"
 
Jim Lovell  "And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day."
Frank Borman  "'And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.'And from the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas – and God bless all of you, all of you on the good Earth."

References

Apollo program
Electric power distribution is the delivery system of electricity to places that use it, such as homes and other buildings. It is done mainly by power lines, transformers, substations and meters. The electricity comes from the power station at high voltage and is delivered at medium to low voltage levels. 

In early days, electricity was distributed as direct current (DC). Alternating current (AC) was later introduced during the War of Currents. DC distribution disappeared because transformers can easily convert AC to high voltage for electric power transmission and low voltage to use at home.

Configurations
 Radial network
 Loop network

Electricity
An electricity meter (or energy meter) is a device that measures the amount of electricity used by a house or business. Measurements are usually taken in kilowatt hours (kWh).

History
Electricity meters became popular when more and more houses were connected to electricity in the 1880s. Instead of charging the homes based on how many electricity loads they had, charging on how much electricity they used became more accurate and fair.

Types of electricity meter

Electromechanical meters
This type electricity meter uses the force generated by current when passing through magnetic field to rotate a spinning disk inside the meter. The disk is then turn the number to indicate how much electricity has been used which is recorded by the meter.

Electronic meters
This type of electricity meter converts electricity directly with an analogue-to-digital converter inside a microprocessor to get the exact electricity usage reading.
Security
Electricity meters can easily be tampered with. This may allow the customers to use electricity for free. Tampering with electricity meters is illegal and can carry fines or legal actions.

Electricity
Measuring tools
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a transmission system which uses direct electric current (DC) to transmit electricity. It is more efficient over long distances than the usual high-voltage alternating current (HVAC).

History
HVDC was first demonstrated in 1882 in Germany. The technology was further developed during the 1930s in Sweden and Nazi Germany. Early commercial uses were in the Soviet Union and Sweden in 1951.

Technical details

Converter

The converter in HVDC system converts AC electricity to DC electricity or vice versa. Converting AC to DC, it acts as a rectifier. Converting DC to AC, it acts as an inverter.

Types of HVDC converters:
 Line-commutated converters (LCC)
 Voltage-source converters (VSC)

Converter transformer

The transformer at the converter station ensures that the station is isolated from the AC system connected to the HVDC system. It also provides the correct voltage level which will be converted to DC voltage.

Harmonic filter
Harmonic filter

Because harmonics are always produced in electronic equipment, harmonic filters are used at the AC terminal of the converter. The DC harmonic filters can also be used at the DC line after the AC/DC conversion.

Electrode

The electrode provides a ground return path for line current in monopolar configuration and unbalanced current in bipolar configuration.

Configurations

Monopole

In HVDC monopole configuration, one of the terminals of the rectifier is connected to earth ground. The other terminal is connected to the transmission line. The earthed terminal may be connected to the corresponding connection at the inverting station by means of a second conductor.

Bipolar

In HVDC bipolar configuration, a pair of conductors are used, each at a high potential with respect to ground in opposite polarity. The DC current flows via the positive pole and returns via the negative pole. The connection point between the positive and negative poles is grounded to the earth.
In this configuration, virtually no earth or neutral current is flowing. When one pole is broken, half of its transfer capability is still available.

Back-to-Back

A back-to-back HVDC station is a HVDC station in which both converters are located within the same building area where the length of the DC line is being kept as short as possible.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages
 HVDC is more economical than HVAC to transmit large amounts of power over long distances
 HVDC lines need fewer conductors than HVAC lines
 HVDC lines use thinner conductors for the same amount of power transmitted in HVAC lines because HVDC lines don't have skin effects
 HVDC systems can transfer power between different AC frequency systems
 HVDC underground or submarine lines have no line capacitance like HVAC, hence need no load coils
Disadvantages
 HVDC systems have lower availability than HVAC systems
 The required converter stations for HVDC are expensive and have limited overload capacity
 At shorter transmission line distances, HVDC converter stations will have more loss than HVAC systems of equivalent distances
 HVDC circuit breakers are harder to build than HVAC circuit breakers
 HVDC system operations require more spare parts to be kept than HVAC systems
 HVDC technology changes faster and is less standardized than HVAC technology

HVDC installations
 : Mainland Australia-Tasmania
 : New England-Quebec
 : Shanghai-Xiangjiaba
 : Moscow-Kashira
 : Mainland Sweden-Gotland

References

Electricity
Ronda Jean Rousey (born February 1, 1987) is an American professional wrestler, actress, former judoka, and mixed martial artist. She is currently signed to WWE. She was also known for her time fighting in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and as an Olympic judoka. 

In WWE, she is a two-time SmackDown Women's Champion, one-time Raw Women's Champion, one-time Women's Tag Team Champion, and the winner of the 2022 Royal Rumble. In the UFC, she was a one-time UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion and was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame in 2018. As a judoka, Rousey competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where she won the bronze medal.
Career 
She used to be the UFC Female Bantamweight Champion until November 2015 when she got defeated by American Holly Holm. It was her first ever loss. In December 2016 she tried to win the championship back but she got defeated by TOTAL KNOCKOUT (TKO) just 48 seconds into the first round, this time by Brazilian Amanda Nunes. She now has a career in the WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc). Well known as ( Rowdy Ronda Rousey )

Personal life 
She is expected to also act in movies beginning in summer 2014. She acted in the 2014 movie Expendables 3 and Fast & Furious 7.

She was born in the city of Riverside, California.

She has endorsed Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign for the 2016 United States presidential election.

References

1987 births
American movie actors
Actors from Riverside County, California
American mixed martial artists
American Olympic bronze medalists
Living people
Alicia Vikander (born October 3, 1988) is a Swedish actress. She will play Alice Deane in Seventh Son. She has also been in lots of other movies, such as the 2015 Ex Machina.

Vikander was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.

References

Swedish movie actors
1988 births
Living people
Actors from Gothenburg
Seventh Son is a 2014 fantasy-action movie directed by Sergei Bodrov. The movie is set during the medieval period. In this movie are Julianne Moore, Alicia Vikander and Jeff Bridges. This movie was released in the United States in February 2015. The studio which distributes Seventh Son is Universal Pictures.

Resources 

2014 action movies
2014 fantasy movies
2010s American fantasy movies
2010s American action movies
British action movies
British fantasy movies
Canadian action movies
Canadian fantasy movies
Chinese movies
Movies directed by Sergei Bodrov
Universal Pictures movies
Hau Pei-tsun (; 8 August 1919 – 30 March 2020) was the Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993. He was also a 4-star general in that country's army.

He was born on 8 August 1919 in Yancheng, Jiangsu. He studied at the Chinese Military Academy.

In the 1996 elections, he ran for vice-president as an independent. He ran with Lin Yang-kang, who was running for president. His party later collapsed and was expelled from the elections. His party's membership was restored in 2005.

He married Kuo Wan-hua and had two sons and three daughters. One of his sons is politician Hau Lung-pin, the former chairman of the New Party, and current Mayor of Taipei.

Hau died of multiple organ failure on 30 March 2020 in Taipei at the age of 100.

References

Other websites
Who's Who in Taiwan 2003 
Denny Roy, Taiwan: A Political History (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003)
1919 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Jiangsu
Generals
Taiwanese military people
Premiers of the Republic of China on Taiwan
Skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current to flow towards the perimeter of a conductor and leave the center part of the conductor without (or barely) any electricity flow. This effect increases as frequency increases.

Electricity
Utility frequency, line frequency or mains frequency is the frequency level of the AC electricity used in transmission and distribution from electricity generation sources to customers. The world's two major utility frequencies are 50 Hz (most, but not all, of the Eastern hemisphere) and 60 Hz (most, but not all, of the Western hemisphere).

Many electric railways in Europe use a frequency of 16.7 Hz (one third of 50 Hz). Early electric railways sometimes used 25 Hz (half of 50 Hz). New electric railways usually use the standard mains frequency of 50 Hz. Some lines in the northeast United States still use 25 Hz.

Electricity
Hildegardo Francisco Guerra Martínez (8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico – 28 February 2018 in Mexico City) or Rogelio Guerra, was a Mexican movie actor and television actor. He has also sometimes worked as a voice actor. 

He appeared in over 200 Spanish sitcoms since his career began in 1957. He has also appeared on several international movies as a Spanish-dub actor such as Perry White in Superman Returns.

Guerra was born on 8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico. He was married to Maribel Robles. Guerra died in Mexico City of a heart attack while suffering from complications of a stroke he had in 2015. He was 81 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Biography 
 Rogelio Guerra information
 Rogelio Guerra on his career

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from stroke
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican voice actors
People from Aguascalientes
Power system harmonics are the harmonic contents from the utility frequency. Harmonics are one kind of distortion to a voltage or current's waveform. This distortion is produced by non-linear devices connected to the power system. Since equipment is made to work at the utility frequency, harmonics can make it work wrong. This is one kind of power quality problem. It increases heating in power equipment.

Harmonics can be eliminated or reduced by using harmonic filter.

References

Electricity
José Eduardo Eric del Castillo Negrete-Galván (born July 22, 1934) is a well-known Mexican actor who appeared in many telenovelas and movies. He appeared in over 200 television or movies related to Mexico or voice dubbing since 1960. He has won several awards throughout his career.

del Castillo was born on July 22, 1944 in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. He is married to Kate Trillo. They have two children. He now lives in Mexico City, Mexico.

Other websites
 
 Eric del Castillo biography 
 Interview
 Information about life and career

1934 births
Living people
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican voice actors
Mexican stage actors
People from Guanajuato (state)
New College of Florida is a public liberal arts college in Sarasota, Florida, in the United States. It started as a private college in 1960. In 2001, it became public.

Notable alumni 
Melissa Cristina Márquez

Other websites
Official website

1960 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Florida
1960s establishments in Florida
Changhua County () is a county in Taiwan. It is the smallest county on the island, though there are smaller counties on some of Taiwan's other islands. The capital is Changhua City.

About 1.3 million people live in this county. It has the second-largest population after Taoyuan City.

Counties of Taiwan
Chiayi County () is a county in Taiwan. It is in the south-west of the island. It surrounds Chiayi City, but does not include it. The seat of the county's government is in Taibao. Chiayi is the sixth largest county in Taiwan. The National Chung Cheng University is in this county.

Counties of Taiwan
Dušan Dragosavac (; 1 December 1919 – 21 December 2014) was a former Yugoslav politician. He was a Serb from Croatia. He was the Chairman of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from 20 October 1981 until 20 June 1982.

He died on 21 December 2014, aged 95.

References

Other websites
 Dušan Dragosavac information

1919 births
2014 deaths
Yugoslavian communist politicians
Pope Eleuterus (??? − 189) was thirteenth Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church from c. 174 to his death in 189. He was born in Nicopolis, Epirus, Greece.

In Liber Pontificalis, it says that they ascribe a decree to Pope Eleutherius that no kind of food should be despised by Christians(Et hoc iterum firmavit ut nulla esca a Christianis repudiaretur, maxime fidelibus, quod Deus creavit, quæ tamen rationalis et humana est).

References

Popes
Year of birth unknown
189 deaths
Greek people
An underground cable is a cable that is buried below the ground. They distribute electrical power or telecommunications. Such cables are an alternative to overhead cables, which are several meters above the ground. Overhead cables are often replaced with underground cables. Downtown areas with many tall buildings usually have few or no cables above ground, This is mainly for aesthetic purposes because underground cables can not be seen. They are also less dangerous to people because they are out of the way. They cost more to install, but last longer.

It is a bit challenging to identify the fault in underground cable because it is located inside the earth. The fault mainly categorised in mainly in three based on occurrence. these are short circuit, Open circuit, and fault due to Breakdown cable insulation. It is impossible to detect visually, It required some testers like Underground Wire Locator to identify the fault

References

Infrastructure
Pope Gelasius II (??? − 29 January 1119) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 24 January 1118 to his death in 29 January 1119. 

He was born in Gaeta, Principality of Capua and died in Cluny, Duchy of Burgundy, Kingdom of France. He was ordained a priest on 9 March 1118 after he fled to Gaeta. He returned to Rome in July under Norman protection after he excommunicated Henry V and the antipope.

References 

1060s births
1119 deaths
Italian popes
Hualien County () is a county in Taiwan. It is the largest county in Taiwan in terms of area. It is located on the mountainous eastern coast.

It contains the Port of Hualien. It is famous for tourism.

Counties of Taiwan
Kinmen (or Quemoy) is a small group of islands close to the coast of China. It is governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). It forms a county, Kinmen County (), of Fujian Province. The capital is Jincheng Township.

The county is claimed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) as part of its own Fujian Province. It is very close to Xiamen, no more than 2 kilometres.

Counties of Taiwan
Islands of Taiwan
The Matsu Islands () are a small group of islands in the Taiwan Strait. There are 19 islands.

They are governed as a county of the Republic of China (ROC), Lienchiang County (). This county is part of Fujian Province. It is the smallest county in the ROC.

Counties of Taiwan
Islands of Taiwan
Cross-strait relations () is the relations between the governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). Neither government recognises one another. Both officially use the One-China policy. Under this policy, there is only one legitimate government of China. Both the PRC and the ROC claim to be that government.

Cross-strait relations are not international relations, where matters are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This is because both governments claim that each other's territory is part of their country. However, the relations are not purely domestic relations either.

Any interaction by the PRC's government with Taiwan is done by the Association of Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS). This is under the Taiwan Affairs Office of the PRC. Any interaction by the ROC's government with Mainland China is done by Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF) under the Mainland Affairs Council of the ROC.
Views from each side
The PRC's view is that Taiwan is part of PRC under the One Country, Two Systems () policy. This policy was introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1984. The ROC's view is that Mainland China is part of the ROC under the 'One Country, Two Areas () policy. This policy was introduced by Wu Po-hsiung in 2012.

However, currently both sides temporarily agree that both countries belong to One China. This was agreed under the 1992 consensus () to facilitate cross-strait matters. The PRC regards Taiwan as part of the PRC, while the ROC regards Mainland China as part of the ROC.

Politics of the People's Republic of China
Politics of Taiwan
The Tainan Mosque () is a mosque in Tainan, Taiwan. It is the sixth mosque in Taiwan, and the first and only mosque in Tainan. The mosque was built in 1996.

History
A land was initially donated by an Chinese Muslim living in the United States to Taipei Grand Mosque. It was then transferred to Kaohsiung Mosque which managed the construction of the Tainan Mosque. Starting in 1983, they collected money for 10 years for the mosque construction, and the construction finally started in 1993 and the mosque was opened in 1996.

Architecture
The mosque has four floors, which consists of prayer hall, shop, meeting room, ablution room and office.

References

Mosques in Taiwan
Taipei
The At-Taqwa Mosque () is a mosque in Dayuan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. It is the seventh and latest mosque in Taiwan. The mosque was built in 2013.

History
The construction of the mosque was started by an Indonesian-Taiwanese couple who had an Indonesian shop around Dayuan. The couple purchased a land beside their shop to build a mosque. After collecting all of the money needed to make the mosque, the mosque was finally constructed and opened on 9 June 2013.

The establishment of the mosque shows that the number of Muslims is growing in Taiwan, where many of them work in factories, shops or houses. Many of those Muslims come from Indonesia. This can be considered as the fourth Muslim migration to Taiwan.

Architecture
The mosque area is 130 square meters. It has three floors, where it consists of male prayer hall, female prayer hall, guess room, classes and dormitories.

References

Mosques in Taiwan
2013 establishments in Asia
21st-century establishments in Taiwan
The Jamia Mosque or Shelley Street Mosque () is a mosque in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the first and oldest mosque in Hong Kong.

History
The original building of the mosque was built in 1890 during the British Hong Kong government as the Mohammedan Mosque on a piece of land rented by the government in 1850. In 1915, the building of the mosque was expanded and it was renamed to Jamia Mosque after World War II.

Architecture
The mosque building is included into the Grade I Building in which it is considered as a historical building which needs to be protected and conserved.

References

Mosques in Hong Kong
Religion in China
1890
The Kowloon Mosque and Islamic Centre () is a mosque and Islamic center in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the largest mosque and second mosque to be built in Hong Kong.

History
The original building of the mosque was built in 1896 at the site where the Tsim Sha Tsui police station now is located. The mosque served the Indian Muslim troops in British Hong Kong stationed at Whitfield Barracks. In the late 1970s, the mosque was relocated to its current site at Nathan Road by compensation given by MTR Corporation and donations from Muslims around Hong Kong.

Architecture
The mosque was designed by architect I. M. Kadri. The building was designed with traditional Muslim architecture. The unique feature of this mosque are the four 11-meters-high minarets. There are three prayer halls, community hall, clinic and library. Around 3,500 people can fit into this mosque for prayer.
Activities
The mosque primarily serves the Hong Kong Muslims with origin from South Asia. Therefore, the most becomes an important place for the non-Chinese Muslims in Hong Kong.

References

Mosques in Hong Kong
Religion in China
The Ammar Mosque and Osman Ramju Sadick Islamic Centre () or Wan Chai Mosque is a mosque and Islamic center in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the third mosque in Hong Kong. The original building of the mosque was built in 1967.

History
The original building of the mosque was a small mosque besides a cemetery at 7 Seymore Street. In 1978, the mosque was relocated to a new place at Oi Kwan Road because the land was needed by the government to construct Aberdeen tunnel. The new mosque building was reopened on September 1981.

Architecture
The mosque was designed by architect Ramju Sadick. The mosque has eight floors which consists of prayer hall, Chinese restaurant, bakery, clinic, classrooms, library and seminar room.

Activities
The mosque is the headquarter place for Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund of Hong Kong (the main Islamic organization in Hong Kong) and the Hong Kong Islamic Youth Association.

References

Mosques in Hong Kong
Religion in China
Atoms for Peace is a band from California. They started in 2009. They did not have a name until February 2010. The members are Thom Yorke, Flea, Nigel Godrich, Joey Waronker, and Mauro Refosco. In February 2013, they released their first album, Amok on XL Recordings. The album charted at number 1 in nine countries. Pitchfork scored it 6.9/10.

Other websites
Official website

References

2009 establishments in California
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical quintets
Musical groups established in 2009
Coal mining is the process of getting coal out of the ground. It is part of the mining industry. Coal is used as a resource for making electricity.

Extraction
Surface mining is done when the coal is near the surface. Coal miners remove the soil above the coal.  The coal can then be removed without the coal miners having to go deep underground..

Underground mining is when the coal is farther underground, making it too expensive to remove soil. In this process, coal miners and all of the coal mining equipment are brought deep underground and coal is carried up out of the ground. This is especially dangerous because of fires, explosions, and poison gas in coal mines.

Processing

Before coal can be used, it must be processed in a coal processing plant. It is made smaller using a sizer and crusher. Parts that might be harmful to any equipment which will use the coal later on, such as the screening for metallic parts inside the mined coal.
Delivery
Coal is delivered to customers in several ways. Trucks, conveyors, trains and ships transport coal to be used in factories and power plants.
Mustafa Abdul Jalil (born 1952) is a Libyan politician. He was the Chairman (leader) of the National Transitional Council from 5 March 2011 until it ended on 8 August 2012. He supported the Libyan revolution. He was born in Badya. He is a Sunni Muslim.

References

1952 births
Living people
Heads of state of Libya
Judges
Lawyers
Polly Jean Harvey MBE (born 9 October 1969) is an English musician. She is best known for being a singer and guitarist. Her music is usually released under the name PJ Harvey. She plays lots of instruments as well as the guitar. These include piano, organ, bass, saxophone, harmonica, and most recently, the autoharp. She has a contralto singing range. In June 2013, she made a Member of the Order of the British Empire for her music.

Early life
Harvey was born in Bridport, Dorset, England. She grew up on a farm in Corscombe, Dorset.

Career

PJ Harvey Trio
In 1988, Harvey became a member of a band called Automatic Dlamini. The band was started by John Parish in 1983. She left it in January 1991. This was to make her own band with Rob Ellis and Steve Vaughan. The band was called the PJ Harvey Trio.
Their first extended play was Dress. In March 1992, she released her first album with them on Too Pure Records. It was called Dry. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number 3. It got good reviews. The album's first single, "50ft Queenie", was released in April 1992.

The PJ Harvey Trio's second album Rid of Me was released by Island Records in May 1993. It reached number 27 in the UK Singles Chart. It was produced by Steve Albini and Head.

In August 1993, the band broke up.

Solo work
In 1995, Harvey released her first album on her own, To Bring You My Love. It is her best-selling album in the United States. Three singles were released from it. The album was produced by Harvey, Flood, and John Parish. Parish also played guitar, organ, drums, and percussion on it.
In 1996, she released an album with John Parish. It was called Dance Hall at Louse Point. That year she also sung on two songs called "Death is Not the End" and "Henry Lee" on Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' album Murder Ballads. "Henry Lee" was released as a single.

In 1998, she released Is This Desire?. The reviews it got from critics were not as good as for To Bring You My Love. However, Is This Desire?'''s first single "A Perfect Day Elise" was Harvey's best-selling single in the UK so far. The album was nominated for Best Alternative Music Performance. Parish played guitar and keyboards on it. Harvey produced the album with Flood and Head.

Harvey acted in the 1998 movie The Book of Life and a short movie called A Bunny Girl's Tale.
On 23 October 2000, Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea was released. In won the 2001 Mercury Prize. It is PJ Harvey's best-selling album in the UK so far. Thom Yorke is on three of the songs. In 2005 Rolling Stone put it at number 431 in their list Greatest Albums of All Time. The album's third single "This Is Love" was nominated for Best Rock Album and Best Female Rock Performance at the Grammy Awards.

Harvey's sixth album Uh Huh Her was released in 2004. In 2007 a band started called Uh Huh Her. They got their name from the album's title.

In 2007, White Chalk was released. Parish played instruments on it and sang. Harvey produced the album with Flood and Parish. Harvey released three singles from the album.

Harvey released her second album with John Parish, A Woman a Man Walked By, in 2009.Let England Shake was released in 2011. It got good reviews. Pitchfork'' gave it 8.8/10. It won the 2011 Mercury Prize. Two singles were released from it. John Parish plays instruments on it.

References
References

1969 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Dorset
Mallika Sherawat (born October 24, 1976 as Reema Lamba) is an Indian actress. She was born in Rohtak to a Jat family. The first movie she acted in was the 2002 Bollywood movie Jeena Sirf Merre Liye. She acted in the 2005 Chinese movie The Myth. In 2010, Hisss was released. It was her first English movie. Sherawat played the main character, Naagin. In 2011, she was in another English movie, The Politics of Love.

References

Other websites

 
 

1976 births
Indian movie actors
Living people
Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an indie rock band from New York City. They are two boys, Nick Zinner and Brian Chase, and one girl, Karen O. Karen O is the singer. They started in the world of music in 2000. In 2009 a second guitarist, David Pajo, joined the band and replaced Imad Wasif. They have four albums, which are: Fever to Tell, the first, Show Your Bones, the second, It's Blitz!, the third, and the fourth, Mosquito. They play different genres of music: alternative rock, indie rock, art punk, dance punk and post punk revival. They were nominated to the Grammy Awards on 3 occasions: Fever to tell, Show your bones and It’s blitz!. And they have had 7 nominations to the MTV Awards for three of their works: Maps in 2004, Heads will roll in 2009 and Sacrilege in 2013.
2000 establishments in the United States
2000s American music groups
2000s establishments in New York (state)
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups established in 2000
Musical groups from New York City
Musical trios
Lady Margaret Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was established in 1878 as the first women's college at the University. It first admitted male students in 1979.

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1878 establishments in England
Bonfire Night is an event dedicated to celebration with bonfires or fireworks. Different traditions celebrate Bonfire Night on different days. In Great Britain, it is celebrated as Guy Fawkes Night on 5th November. Other versions of Bonfire Night are also celebrated on this date in several other Commonwealth countries. A similar bonfire tradition is celebrated in parts of Scandinavia and is known as Walpurgis Night.

References

Festivals in Europe
Festivals in the United Kingdom
Collateral is a 2004 American crime thriller movie. This movie is set in Los Angeles. It is about a hit-man named Vincent who is out to murder several witnesses and a prosecutor. His main hostage, taxi driver Max, reluctantly agrees to do some harsh things along with him. Max, though, eventually has enough. He then shoots Vincent, killing him. Jamie Foxx plays Max and Tom Cruise plays Vincent. The movie was released in late August 2004. It became a success in the U.S. box office and worldwide. The reviews were excellent.

Other websites  

2004 thriller movies
2004 crime drama movies
2000s crime thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies directed by Michael Mann
Passenger name record is the name for a set of data in a database, which contains the path a passenger travelling with one or more airlines takes. In some cases, groups of people travelling together are stored in the same passenger name record. Passenger details often contain more information than that which is strictly necessary. Additional information stored includes the gender of the passenger, if the passenger is part of a frequent flyer programme, details about the ticket, or if the passenger has special meal requirements - for example vegetarian.

International PNR Sharing Agreements

European Union to United States
United States–European Union Agreement on Passenger Name Records.
European Union to Australia
On January 16, 2004, the Article 29 Working Party released their Opinion 1/2004 (WP85) on the level of PNR protection ensured in Australia for the transmission of Passenger Name Record data from airlines.
Customs applies a general policy of non retention for these data. For those 0.05% to 0.1% of passengers who are referred to Customs for further evaluation, the airline PNR data are temporarily retained, but not stored, pending resolution of the border evaluation. After resolution, their PNR data are erased from the PC of the Customs PAU officer concerned and are not entered into Australian databases.

In 2010 the European Commission's Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security was split in two.  The resulting bodies were the Directorate-General for Justice (European Commission) and the Directorate-General for Home Affairs (European Commission).
The EDPS responded on the 5th of May in Letter 0420 D845:
I am writing to you in reply to your letter of 4 May concerning the two draft Proposals for Council Decisions on (i) the conclusion and (ii) the signature of the Agreement between the European Union and Australia on the processing and transfer of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data by air carriers to the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service.
We understand that the consultation of the EDPS takes place in the context of a fast track procedure. However, we regret that the time available for us to analyse the Proposal is reduced to a single day. Such a deadline precludes the EDPS from being able to exercise its competences in an appropriate way, even in the context of a file which we have been closely following since 2007.
European Union to Canada
The Article 29 Working Party document Opinion 1/2005 on the level of protection ensured in Canada for the transmission of Passenger Name Record and Advance Passenger Information from airlines (WP 103), 19 January 2005, offers information on the nature of PNR agreements with Canada.

India
In India PNR is used by Indian Railway as Passenger Name Record Usually Travelers need it to check their confirmation of their seats. It is a 10 Digit Number which has to be entered on website for checking PNR Status.

Related pages 
 Passenger manifest

References

Transport
Databases
David Karp (born July 6, 1986) is an American entrepreneur who started the website Tumblr in 2007. He sold the website to Yahoo! for US$1.1 billion in 2013.  He was born in New York City. He started learning HTML when he was 11. When he was 15 he stopped going to high school. He was taught at home instead. In 2013, Forbes said that Karp's net worth is more than $200 million. His cultural and ethnic background is Jewish.

References

Other websites
Tumblr

1986 births
American chief executives
Living people
Businesspeople from New York City
American Jews
Kwame Malik Kilpatrick (born June 8, 1970) is an American politician. He was a Michigan state representative and mayor of Detroit. He is a Democrat. Kilpatrick was mayor of Detroit from 2002 until he resigned in 2008. In spring 2013, Kilpatrick was sentenced to almost 28 years in prison after being declared guilty on many criminal charges, including fraud. He went to federal prison in eastern Michigan.

References

1970 births
Living people
African American politicians
American fraudsters
American prisoners
Criminals from Michigan
Mayors of Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Saint John of Damascus ( 675 or 676 – 4 December 749) was a Christian leader from Damascus. He was a monk and a priest (a Christian preacher). He was born and raised in Damascus, which is today the capital of the country of Syria. He died in the Jerusalem in Palestine, at the Mar Saba monastery.

John of Damascus studied religion. He also studied law, theology, philosophy and music. He is said by some sources to have served as a Chief Administrator to the Muslim caliph of Damascus before he became a priest. He wrote works about Christianity. He composed hymns that are still used by Greek Orthodox churches around the world. He is considered "the last of the Fathers" of the Eastern Orthodox church. He is best known for arguing to let people use pictures of Greek Orthodox saints, which are called "icons". He is also honored by Catholic churches, specifically the Roman Catholic Church.

References
References 

670s births
749 deaths
Arab people
Christian saints
Early Christian theologians
People from Damascus
Syrian Christians
Pope Saint Leo IV (790 – 17 July 855) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 10 April 847 until he died in 855. 

He was born in Rome. He died in Rome on 17 July 855 and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. There was a medieval tradition that had claimed that a woman, Pope Joan, had succeeded him by disguising herself as a man but she is believed to be fictitious.

790 births
855 deaths
Leo 04
People from Rome
Rosamund Pike (born 27 January 1979) is an English actress. She became known in the 2002 movie Die Another Day in which she played the Bond girl and double agent Miranda Frost. She also played Helen in the 2012 melodrama movie Jack Reacher. Her role in Gone Girl got her an Academy Award nomination. Pike was born in London.

References

1979 births
Living people
Actors from London
Actors who played Bond villains
Actresses who played Bond girls
English movie actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English television actors
Pope John XV (??? − March 996) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from August 985 to his death in 996. 

He was born in Rome, Papal States and died in March 996 in Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire.

During his time as pope, there was a dispute that arose over the deposition in 991 of Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims. Arnulf was made archbishop of Reims in 988 by Hugh Capet of France. Arnulf was the nephew of the King's bitter rival, Charles of Lorraine and considered Arnulf a turncoat. He demanded his deposition by John XV. Hugh Capet captured both Charles and Archbishop Arnulf and convoked a synod at Reims in June 991. He deposed Arnulf and chose as his successor Abbot Gerbert of Aurillac who would later be known as Pope Silvester II.
At the synod, Arnulf, Bishop of Orléans accused John XV:
"Are any bold enough to maintain that the priests of the Lord all over the world are to take their law from monsters of guilt like these—men branded with ignominy, illiterate men, and ignorant alike of things human and divine? If, holy fathers, we are bound to weigh in the balance the lives, the morals, and the attainments of the humblest candidate for the priestly office, how much more ought we to look to the fitness of him who aspires to be the Lord and Master of all priests! Yet how would it fare with us, if it should happen that the man the most deficient in all these virtues, unworthy of the lowest place in the priesthood, should be chosen to fill the highest place of all? What would you say of such a one, when you see him sitting upon the throne glittering in purple and gold? Must he not be the "Antichrist, sitting in the temple of God and showing himself as God"?

References

996 deaths
John 15
Year of birth unknown
People from Rome