Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Short story by Piper 
The movie was based on a short story called "Simunye". It was written by real life Piper Dellums. It was about a South African girl named Carrie coming to stay with her family. Dellums writes that she lost contact with Carrie after she returned to South Africa. She does not know what happened to her. In "Simunye", Piper believed that Carrie was murdered for her anti-racist views.

TV and home video release 
The movie received positive reviews from movie critics. It was played on the Disney Channel several times throughout 2000 and 2001. After this, the channel stopped airing the movie. Beginning in 2006, Disney Channel began airing the movie annually in early February. It was meant for Black History Month. A VHS of the movie was released in 2002. Included was the music video for "Galaxy is Ours" from Zenon: The Zequel.

Awards

References

Other websites
Other websites 

2000 movies
American teen drama movies
English-language movies
Television movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies about Apartheid
Emmy Award winning programs
Family and education 
The only child of the late Senevi B. Wickremasinghe and Shiranee Wickremasinghe (née Bandaratilaka) of Nawala, Koswatte. She graduated from King's College London with a BA (Hons) degree in English and went on to complete her MA degree in Women’s Studies at the University of Colombo. She had gained her PhD degree from the Institute of Education, University of London. In 1995 she married Ranil Wickremasinghe.

Related pages
 Ranil Wickremasinghe

1954 births
Living people
Sri Lankan academics
Rain (stylized as rain), is a adventure video game developed by Acquire and SCE Japan Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. The game was known as Lost in the Rain in Asia.

The game was announced at Gamescom. The game was released on October 1, 2013 in North America, October 2, 2013 in Europe and on October 3, 2013 in Japan. It was released on the PlayStation Network.

The plot
The game is about a nameless boy that lost out in the rain sees the silhouette of a young girl. He follows her and turns invisible like her. After he turns invisible he sees that there are many other creatures that are invisible and roam around. He must find his way to the young girl among the world of the invisible.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 7 out of 10 and said "Rain creates a distinctive heartbreaking atmosphere, but fails to develop it into a more engrossing experience.”
GameSpot gave the game a 7 out of 10 and stated "Rain uses chilling atmosphere and a heartfelt story to draw you in to this fantastical world", but criticized some of the mechanics of the puzzles."

References

Other websites 
Info about Rain on PlayStation Blog
Rain on IGN

2013 video games
Adventure games
PlayStation 3 games
Video games developed in Japan
Beachbody LLC is an American multinational corporation and pyramid scheme. It sells fitness, weight loss and muscle-building home-exercise DVDs. The company's best-known product is Tony Horton's P90X. Its television advertisements have become some of the most frequently shown infomercials in the United States. American fitness coach, Shaun T. was signed by Beachbody to create the "most intense and insane workout ever put on DVD". This led to the creation of Insanity, becoming one of the best-selling exercise DVDs in the United States.

References

Other websites
Official website
Team Beachbody
Carl Daikeler's Blog

American food companies
Companies based in California
category : 1998 establishments in California
Kinky Boots is a musical. It is based on the 2005 movie, Kinky Boots. It is about a shoemaker who saves his factory by creating a line of fetish boots with the help of a drag queen. 

Cyndi Lauper wrote the music and lyrics. Harvey Fierstein wrote the musical's book. It opened on Broadway at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre on April 4, 2013. It won the 2013 Tony Award for Best Musical.

Broadway musicals
Tony Award winning musicals
2010s musicals
Musicals based on movies
Cyndi Lauper
Kovilage Anton Vijaya Kumaranatunga (; 9 October 1945 – 16 February 1988) was a popular Sri Lankan movie actor and politician. He was married to former Sri Lankan president Chandrika Kumaratunga from 1978 until his assassination in 1988.

Family life 

In 1978, Kumaranatunga married Chandrika Bandaranaike, daughter of the late Sri Lankan Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and former Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. Vijaya Kumaranatunga and Chandrika Bandaranaike had two children, Yasodhara Kumaranatunga Walker (MD) and Vimukthi Kumaranatunga (Vet) in UK.

1945 births
1988 deaths
Actors
Assassinated Sri Lankan politicians
Webster City is a city in central Iowa. The original name was Newcastle. More than 8,000 people lived there as of the 2010 Census.

Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
S. B. S. Abayakoon (born 1958) is the dean of the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Before that, he was the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering for four and a half years. He is a professor of Civil Engineering, at Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya. He was appointed the 20th vice-chancellor of the university in August 2009.

Sources 
 http://www.pdn.ac.lk/uop/main/news/dodangolla.pdf 
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/S.-B.-S.-Abayakoon

1958 births
Living people
Sri Lankan academics
Benjamin McKinlay Kantor (February 4, 1904 – October 11, 1977) was an American journalist and novelist. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1956. He wrote over 30 novels. Several of them were set in the American Civil War.

Kantor was born in Webster City, Iowa. He died from a heart attack at seventy-three in Sarasota, Florida.

American novelists
Writers from Iowa
1904 births
1977 deaths
Hattie Helen Gould Beck (or Sally Rand; April 3, 1904 – August 31, 1979) was an American actress and dancer. She starred in many silent movies and in movies with sound. Her movies included The Dressmaker from Paris and The Road to Yesterday, both in 1925. Other movies followed.

Rand was born in Missouri. She died due to congestive heart failure at seventy-five.

1904 births
1979 deaths
American movie actors
American dancers
Actors from Missouri
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Helen Claire Schroeder (later known as Helen Kane; August 4, 1904 – September 26, 1966) was an American singer and musician. She performed popular music. She sang the famous melody "I Wanna be Loved by You" during the late 1920s. She also performed vaudeville. She recorded 22 singles between 1928 and 1930. She also performed in movies.

The cartoon character Betty Boop is based on Helen Kane.

Schroeder was born in The Bronx, New York. She died in Queens, New York at the age of 62.

American movie actors
Actors from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
1904 births
1966 deaths
Laura La Plante (1 November 1904 – 14 October 1996) was an American actress. She performed in silent movies. She ended her career around 1934 when talking movies began.

La Plante was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She died due to Alzheimer's disease in California at age 91.

1904 births
1996 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in California
The Welsh Wikipedia (Welsh: Wicipedia Cymraeg or just Wicipedia) is the Welsh-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of August 2021, it has 133,349 articles.

References

Other websites
Welsh Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
The Hindi Wikipedia is the Hindi-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of June 2018, it had over 125,000 articles. It is only Indian language Wikipedia with over 100,000 articles.

References

Other websites
 Hindi Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
The Potato Eaters is a painting made by Vincent van Gogh. It was one of his first paintings he made. He painted it at the age of 32 in 1885. Potato Eaters is a painting of peasants that lived in his town.

References 

1880s paintings
Paintings by Vincent van Gogh
Thelma Ritter (14 February 1902 – 5 February 1969) was an American actress. She played comedic roles. She received six Academy Award nominations and won one Tony Award. Her notable movies included All about Eve in 1950, Titanic in 1953 and Rear Window in 1954. Ritter also played some dramatic roles, the most notable of were in With a Song in My Heart, and in The Misfits.

Ritter was born in New York City. She died there due to a heart attack at the age of 66.

1902 births
1969 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
The Slovene Wikipedia (Slovenska Wikipedija) is the Slovene-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in February 2002.

As of October 2015, it is the 42nd largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

As of  , it has about  articles.

References

Other websites
Slovene Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2002
Mildred Natwick (June 19, 1905 – October 25, 1994) was an American stage and movie actress. She played the mother of actress Jane Fonda in the movie Barefoot in the Park. She acted in John Ford movies, including She Wore a Yellow Ribbon and 3 Godfathers, both of which got released in 1948. Her last role was in Dangerous Liaisons in 1988.

Natwick was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She died from cancer at age 89 in New York City.

1905 births
1994 deaths
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Baltimore
Cancer deaths in New York City
Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark is a musical. Julie Taymor wrote the book. U2's Bono and The Edge wrote the lyrics and music. 
The musical is based on a comic book character created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, as well as the 2002 movie about the character. The Greek myth of Arachne is also a basis for the musical.

The musical features much stunt work, including moments of "flying". Some performers were injured during rehearsals. Other problems delayed the premiere of the musical. Director Julie Taymor quit. After many rehearsals and revisions, the musical opened on Broadway at the Foxwoods Theatre on 14 June 2011. It was not a critical success.

The series has all 26 episodes of the 2 seasons with thirteen episodes of the each season. The series aired on RTL, France 3, Gulli, Canal J and Canal 5 Televisa on 2006 to 2009 before Spider-Man get cancelled the program in 2009.
Broadway musicals
2010s musicals
Musicals based on comic strips
Musicals directed by Julie Taymor
2006 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
The Thai Wikipedia () is the Thai-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in December 2003. As of October 2019, it has over 133,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Thai Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
The Waray Wikipedia is the Waray language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started on September 25, 2005. As of January 2021, it is the 11th-largest language edition of Wikipedia. It has over  articles.

References

Other websites

Waray Wikipedia mobile version

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2005
Little Orphan Annie was a daily comic strip created by Harold Gray. The strip made its first appearance on August 5, 1924 in the New York Daily News. The main characters in the strip were Little Orphan Annie, Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks, and Annie's dog Sandy. The strip followed Annie's many adventures around the world. It was cancelled on June 13, 2010.

Strip spin-offs over the years included a 1930 radio series; two movies in 1932 and 1938; an assortment of chapter books, games, comic books and other juvenile paraphernalia; the Broadway musical, Annie; and a movie adaptation of the musical.  

American comic strips
Nancy is a daily comic strip originally written and drawn by Ernie Bushmiller. Nancy is a pudgy little girl whose friends include poor boy Sluggo, rich kid Rollo, bully and troublemaker Spike, girlfriend Irma, and a dog named Poochie. 

Nancy lives with her unmarried aunt, Fritzi Ritz. Nancy made her first appearance in her aunt's strip on January 2, 1933, but broke away in 1938 to star in her own. When Bushmiller died in August 1982, the strip was continued by other writers and artists.

American comic strips
Dorothy Fields (July 15, 1904 – March 28, 1974) was an American songwriter. She wrote more than 400 songs for Broadway musicals and movies. She wrote the lyrics for "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby" and for "Exactly Like You". The latter was recorded by many musicians.

Fields co-wrote the 1961 song "The Way You Look Tonight" with Jerome Kern. The song was in the movie Swing Time and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Fields was born in New Jersey. She died due to a stroke at age sixty-eight.

American songwriters
People from New Jersey
1904 births
1974 deaths
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Hazel was a single panel comic strip by Ted Key that appeared for many years in the last pages of The Saturday Evening Post, beginning in 1943. She was a maid for the well to do Baxter family. In the early 1960s, she was played by Shirley Booth in a television sitcom series with Don Defore, Whitney Blake, and Bobby Buntrock as the Baxters. In 1977, Key received the National Cartoonists Society Newspaper Panel Award for Hazel.

American comic strips
Anna Magnani (March 7, 1908 – September 26, 1973) was an Italian stage and movie actress. She received an Academy Award for the Best Actress for her role as a Sicilian widow in the movie The Rose Tattoo. She played an outcast in the 1948 movie The Miracle. She played Maddalena in the 1953 movie The Golden Coach.

Magnani was born in Rome. She later died there due to pancreatic cancer at age sixty-five.

1908 births
1973 deaths
Italian movie actors
Actors from Rome
Cancer deaths in Italy
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Ida Julia Pollock (April 12, 1908 - December 3, 2013) was a British writer of many romance novels. She has also written short stories. She has used ten pen names. Her books have mostly been about romance and love, but sometimes about historical subjects. In 1964, she published a novel called The Gentle Masquerade. That book was successful.

Pollock was born in Kent, England.

References 

English writers
1908 births
2013 deaths
People from Kent
Alfred Alistair Cooke (or Alistair Cooke; November 20, 1908 – March 30, 2004) was a British-American journalist and television personality. He presented broadcasts for TV networks. He hosted Masterpiece Theater on PBS between 1971 and 1992. He retired in 1992, but continued to present Letter from America until his death.

Cooke was born in Salford, Lancashire. In 1937 he moved to the United States. In 1973 he was given a knighthood. He died in New York City from lung cancer.

References

Other websites 

American journalists
American television personalities
Cancer deaths in New York City
English journalists
English television personalities
Television personalities from Lancashire
1908 births
2004 deaths
Claire Trevor (March 8, 1910 – April 8, 2000) was an American movie actress. She usually played "bad girl" roles in movies. She received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a hopeless alcoholic in the movie Key Largo. She also received nominations for her roles in the movies The High and the Mighty and Dead End. She was in over sixty movies.

Trevor was born Claire Wemlinger in New York City. She died due to respiratory failure at age ninety in California.

American movie actors
Actors from New York City
Deaths from respiratory failure
1910 births
2000 deaths
Margaret Lindsay (September 19, 1910 – May 9, 1981) was an American actress. She worked with Warner Bros. in the 1930s. Her movies included Fog over Frisco and Jezebel. She also acted in B movies during her career. Her most notable role was in The House of the Seven Gables in 1940.

Lindasy was born in Dubuque, Iowa. She died from emphysema in Los Angeles.

1910 births
1981 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from Iowa
People from Dubuque, Iowa
Deaths from lymphoma
Dorothea Margaret Tanning (25 August 1910 – 31 January 2012) was an American painter and sculptor. She also created ballet sets and costumes. She was also a book writer who performed poetry. She wrote Between Lives: An Artist and Her World. Her most notable paintings were done in the 1930s, the 1940s and 1950s.

Tanning was born in Galesburg, Illinois. She died at age 101 in Manhattan, New York.

Writers from Illinois
Artists from Illinois
1910 births
2012 deaths
American painters
American sculptors
Alicia Markova DBE (born Lilian Alicia Marks, 1 December 1910 – 2 December 2004) was an English ballerina and choreographer. She also directed and taught ballet. She was the first British dancer to become the prima ballerina of a ballet company.

Markova was born and raised in London. She was a founder dancer of the Ballet Rambert (1931/5), the Vic-Wells Ballet (193/5), Markova-Dolin Company (1935/8), danced for the American Ballet Theatre (1941/5), and was co-founder and director of the English National Ballet. She toured with Dolin after the war until 1949. Her last period as a dancer came with the London Festival Ballet, which became the English National Ballet. She retired from professional dancing in January 1963 at fifty-two.

Markova died at ninety-four in Bath, Somerset, of a stroke.
Life 
Markova's father was Jewish, and her mother converted to the faith. She began studying ballet with Princess Serafina Astafieva, a Russian ballerina living in London. Astafieva was a retired dancer of the Ballets Russes, a renowned ballet company founded by the impresario Sergei Diaghilev.

At 13, Markova was seen in class by Diaghilev, who was visiting London in search of new talent. He invited her to join the Ballets Russes in Monte Carlo, which she did in 1925, a month after her 14th birthday. She danced roles which were specially choreographed for her. She met some of the leading 20th century figures who worked with the company. They included Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Léonide Massine, George Balanchine, and Bronislava Nijinska.

References 

Ballet dancers
Deaths from stroke
English dancers
People from London
1910 births
2004 deaths
Patience; or, Bunthorne's Bride is a two-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan.  It was first performed at the Opera Comique in London, on 23 April 1881. On 10 October 1881, it moved to the Savoy Opera, a new theatre built especially for the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. It was the first theatre to be lit entirely by electricity.

Patience was the sixth of the fourteen operettas written by Gilbert and Sullivan. It ran for 578 performances. The operetta is a satire on the mores and extravangas of the aesthetic poets of the 1870s and 1880s. Patience was a great success.

Gilbert originally planned to use his Bab ballad, "The Rival Curates", as the basis for Patience, but had second thoughts about two clergymen in a comedy and turned to the poets of the aesthetic movement instead. D'Oyly Carte sent Oscar Wilde on a lecture tour in the United States to prepare Americans for the background of the operetta.

References
 Brahms, Caryl. 1975. Gilbert and Sullivan: lost chords and discords. Little, Brown. pp. 97-108.
A total solar eclipse will happen on July 16, 2186. It will pass over the southern Galápagos Islands (with a maximum eclipse of 4 minutes occurring over the southern tip of Española Island), northern South America (Ecuador including Bogota for 4 minutes and 50 seconds), central Venezuela, and northern Guyana (with a maximum eclipse of 7 minutes 4 seconds just north of Anna Regina).

This will be the longest total solar eclipse between the dates of 4000 BC and 6000 AD.  It will last a maximum of 7 minutes, 29 seconds.  The longest historical total eclipse lasted 7 minutes 28 seconds on June 15, 744BC.

References

Other websites
 NASA Solar eclipses: 2101 to 2200
 Besselian Elements
 NASA googlemap of eclipse path

2186 July 16
Future events
2100s
Eternal Silence is a monument in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery. It is also known as the Dexter Graves Monument or the Statue of Death. The statue is a bronze sculpture set on and backdropped by black granite. It was created by American sculptor Lorado Taft in 1909.

History 

Eternal Silence is a monument in Graceland Cemetery to Dexter Graves. Graves led a group of thirteen families who moved to Chicago from Ohio in 1831. He died in 1844, and the monument was created by sculptor Lorado Taft in 1909. Taft's son, Henry Graves, asked him to create it. In Ada Bartlett Taft's 1946 Lorado Taft; Sculptor and Citizen, it was listed as one of his most important works. Images of Eternal Silence have been used in other artworks, including works by Claes Oldenburg. One folktale claims that if someone looks into the eyes of Eternal Silences hooded figure, the viewer would be shown his or her own death.

Notes
Notes

References
Kiefer, Charles D., Achilles, Rolf, and Vogel, Neil A. "Graceland Cemetery" (pdf), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, June 18, 2000, accessed October 8, 2011.

Chicago
Burials
Monuments and memorials in the United States
1909 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Illinois
Information systems (IS) is the study of how people put data into computers to create useful information.

There are five things you need to make an information system work:
People - People that are using these computers to do their jobs.
Procedures - The things people have to DO to do their jobs.
Hardware - The actual computers that people use to store facts.
Software - The instructions on these computer screens that tell you how to enter facts into the computer.
Data - Facts, facts, and more facts in the computer.

Related pages
 Information technology

References

Knowledge
Computing
RSA may refer to:

 RSA (algorithm), an algorithm for public-key encryption
 RSA Security, a company founded by the creators of that algorithm
 Republic of South Africa
 Royal Society of Arts, a British institution
In theatre, blocking is the exact positioning of actors on a stage during a performance. The word comes from practices used by theatre directors of the 19th century, who worked out the staging of a scene on a model stage using wooden blocks to represent each of the actors. Today, the director usually determines blocking during rehearsal. They tell the actors where they should move for the proper dramatic and lighting effect, and to ensure that the audience can see everything.

The stage itself has been given named areas to help blocking.
The back of the stage is considered up-stage.
The front of the stage is down-stage.
Stage left and right refer to the actor's left and right facing the audience. Because this is sometimes misunderstood, the terms prompt (actor's or stage left) and bastard/opposite prompt (actor's or stage right) are also used.
House left and house right refer to how the audience sees the stage. The audience's left is called house left, and the audience's right is called house right.
References

Theater
Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell  (9 April 1906 – 18 January 1963) was a British politician, and leader of the Labour Party 1955–1963. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer under Clement Attlee. He read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at New College, University of Oxford. After an academic career at University College London he became the MP for Leeds South in 1945.

Other websites

1906 births
1963 deaths
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Labour Party (UK) MPs
This is a list of kings who ruled over the German territories of central Europe. The kings reigned from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 until the end of the German Empire in 1918. It also includes the heads of the different German confederations after the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.

Kingdom of Germany, 843–1806
Emperors are listed in bold. Rival kings, anti-kings, and junior co-regents are listed in italics.

German confederations, 1806–1871

Confederation of the Rhine, 1806–1813

German Confederation, 1815–1866

North German Confederation, 1867–1871

German Empire, 1871–1918

Related pages
 List of rulers of Saxony

Footnotes

Germany
Germany
History of Germany
Holy Roman Empire
 List Of German Monarchs
A photomontage is an image made of two or more photographs. It is made by cutting and joining the photographs together into an illusion of subject that is not real. A similar method is used today with digital photography, using image-editing software.

Photomontage can also mean the way of making a photomontage.

Related pages 
 Collage

References

Other websites 

Art
 Photomontage
Montage  may refer to:

 Collage, an image made of several images joined together
 Montage (filmmaking), a technique used in film editing
 Photomontage, an image made of several photographs joined together
 Montage (music), or sound collage
An au pair is a person from a foreign country who lives in a family for typically a year or two while performing household work in the family's home. An au pair is usually a young girl in her late teens or early 20s. They take care of children as major worktasks. Some au pairs also attend language courses some hours each week.

Other websites

Domestic work
A butler is a male domestic worker in a large household with several employees.

The butler is the chief servant, responsible for the day-to-day management of the house and the other servants. In a traditional house the butler, who is always male, directs the male servants, while a housekeeper, a woman, directs the female servants. Traditionally, male servants (such as valets and footmen) were better paid and of higher status than female servants.

References

Other websites

Domestic work
Tabouleh ( tabūlah; also tabbouleh or tab(b)ouli) is a salad. It is usually made of bulgur, tomatoes, cucumbers, parsley, mint, onion, and garlic, and seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, and salt. There are other ways to make it, such as using couscous instead of bulgur.

The salad originally came from the mountains of Syria and Lebanon. It has become popular throughout the Middle East, and has spread to other countries. It is a popular ethnic food in Western countries.

In the Arab world, particularly Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine, it is usually served as part of a meze.

References

Salads
Middle Eastern foods
Ethel Ruby Keeler (August 25, 1909 – February 28, 1993) was a Canadian-American actress, singer, musician and dancer. She acted in several notable musicals through Warner Bros., particularly 42nd Street in 1933. Almost three years after that, she acted in another famous movie, Colleen.

Keeler was born in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, but raised in New York. She died from cancer in California at 82.

References

Other websites 

1909 births
1993 deaths
American movie actors
Singers from New York (state)
Canadian movie actors
Canadian singers
Entertainers from Nova Scotia
Actors from New York (state)
Animalia Paradoxa is the label given to a few species of animal, listed in Carolus Linnaeus early editions of Systema Naturae. Linné thought that these animals did not make sense. Today, such animals are usually called Cryptids. The respective section lists fantastic creatures found in medieval bestiaries as well as those reported by explorers from abroad and gives explanations to why they are excluded from Systema Naturae. According to Swedish historian Gunnar Broberg, it was to offer a natural explanation and demystify the world of superstition. Paradoxa was dropped from Linnaeus' classification system as of the 6th edition (1748).
Cryptic creatures 
Included in the 1st (1735) edition:
 Hydra: in 1735 Linnaeus inspected the alleged remains of a Hydra in Hamburg which turned out to be made from weasels and snake skins.
 Rana-Piscis: a South American frog which is significantly smaller than its tadpole stage; it was thus (incorrectly) reported to Linnaeus that the metamorphosis in this species went from 'frog to fish'. In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Linnaeus named the species Rana paradoxa, though its genus name was changed in 1830 to Pseudis.
 Monoceros is in reality Monodon.
 Pelecanus: "Linnaeus thought [pelicans] might reflect the over-fervent imaginations of New World explorers"
 Satyrus: Linnaeus wrote "with a tail, hairy, bearded, with a manlike body, gesticulating much, very fallacious, is a species of monkey, if ever one has been seen."
 Borometz (aka Scythian Lamb) "Linnaeus [...] had seen a faked vegetable lamb taken from China to Sweden by a traveler"
 Phoenix
Phoenix
 Bernicla (aka Scottish Goose) Frederick Edward Hulme noted: "[The] barnacle-goose tree was a great article of faith with our ancestors in the Middle Ages."
 Draco: Linnaeus wrote that it has a "snakelike body, two feet, two wings, like a bat, which is a Lacerta alata or a ray artificially shaped as a monster and dried."
 Automa Mortis Linnaeus wrote "The DEATH-WATCH produces the sound of a smaller clock in walls, is named Pediculus pulsatorius, which perforates wood and lives in it".
Four taxa were added in the 2nd (1740) edition:
 Manticora
 Antilope 
 Lamia
 Siren

References

Other websites
 

Taxonomy
Legendary creatures
Anita Evelyn Pomares (or Anita Page; born August 4, 1910 – died September 6, 2008) was an American silent movie actress. She retired from acting in 1936 but returned in the late 1990s. She appeared in the movie Our Dancing Daughters with Joan Crawford in 1928. The following year, she acted in The Broadway Melody.

Page was born in Queens, New York. She died in Los Angeles, California at ninety-eight.

American movie actors
Actors from New York City
1910 births
2008 deaths
Edith Norma Shearer (or Norma Shearer; 10 August 1902 – 12 June 1983) was a Canadian and American actress. She was very popular in the 1920s and 1930s. She usually played a girl-next-door in her early movies. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Divorcee in 1930. For most of the time before the Motion Picture Production Code, she played sexually liberated females in sophisticated contemporary comedy movies. She later appeared in historical and period movies.

Shearer was born in Montreal. She died of bronchopneumonia in Los Angeles at 80.

Canadian movie actors
American movie actors
1902 births
1983 deaths
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
People from Montreal
Best Actress Academy Award winners
Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool. A chisel or knife are usual tools: the chisel can be tapped with a wooden mallet. The result is a wooden figure, or the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object. A 'wood carving' may also refer to the finished product.

The making of sculpture in wood has a long history. Wood survives much less well than the other materials such as stone and bronze. It is vulnerable to decay, insect damage, and fire. Therefore, we do not know much about wood in the art history of older cultures.   Outdoor wood sculptures do not last long in most parts of the world, so that we have little idea how the totem pole tradition developed.

Many of the most important sculptures of China and Japan are in wood, also most African sculpture and that of Oceania and other regions. Wood is light, so it is suitable for masks and other objects meant to be carried. It can take very fine detail, and is also much easier to work than stone.
Some of the finest examples of early European wood carving are from the Middle Ages in Germany, Russia, Italy and France, where the typical themes of that era were used in Christian icons. In England many complete examples remain from the 16th and 17th century, when oak was often used. In general, really fine carving is done in fruitwood (wood of a fruit tree) because that is easy to work with. The famous woodcarver Grinling Gibbons used to work with lime wood. Complex pieces are often carved in separate sections which are later stuck together.

Related pages 
Grinling Gibbons

References 

Sculpture
Woodworking
Barbara Joyce Dainton (née West; May 24, 1911 – October 16, 2007) was the second-to-last remaining survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic. She was the last living survivor who had travelled under second class on the ship.

West was born in Bournemouth, England. She died at age 96 in Truro, Cornwall.

People from Bournemouth
RMS Titanic survivors
1911 births
2007 deaths
Systema Naturae (sometimes written ) is the main work of Carl Linnaeus, where he listed and classified the known species of plants, animals, and minerals. The first edition was only made of seven sheets of folio.

References

Taxonomy
Biology books
1750s books
Kathleen Walsh (or Kay Walsh; August 27, 1911 – April 16, 2005) was an English actress and dancer. She started in West End music halls. Her first movie role was in 1934 in How's Chances?. She had a larger role in Get Your Man, also in 1934. She later moved to higher-prestige movies, including In Which We Serve and This Happy Breed.

Walsh was born in London, England. She died from being burned in an accident at the age of 93.

English movie actors
English stage actors
1911 births
2005 deaths
Actors from London
Grinling Gibbons (4 April 1648 – 3 August 1721) was an AngloDutch sculptor and wood carver. He was famous for his work in England, including St Paul's Cathedral, Blenheim Palace and Hampton Court Palace.

Gibons was born and educated in Holland of English parents, his father being a merchant.

He is widely regarded as the finest wood carver working in England, and the only one whose name is widely known among the general public. Most of his work is in lime (tilia) wood, especially decorative Baroque garlands made up of still-life elements at about life size. They are made to frame mirrors and decorate the walls of churches and palaces. He also produced furniture and small relief plaques with figurative scenes. He also worked in stone, mostly for churches. By the time he was established he led quite a large workshop.
Life and work 
Very little is known about his early life. About 1667 he moved to Deptford, now in London, and by 1693 had got commissions from the royal family. By 1680 he was known as the "King's Carver", and carried out exquisite work for St Paul's Cathedral and Windsor Castle. His carving was so fine that it was said a pot of carved flowers above his house in London would tremble from the motion of passing coaches.

The diarist John Evelyn first discovered Gibbons' talent by chance in 1671. Evelyn, from whom Gibbons rented a cottage near Evelyn's home in Deptford, wrote: "I saw the young man at his carving, by the light of a candle. I saw him to be engaged on a carved representation of Tintoretto's "Crucifixion", which he had in a frame of his own making". Later that same evening, Evelyn described what he had seen to Sir Christopher Wren. Wren and Evelyn then introduced him to King Charles II who gave him his first commission. It is still in the dining room of Windsor Castle.
Horace Walpole later wrote about Gibbons: "There is no instance of a man before Gibbons who gave wood the loose and airy lightness of flowers, and chained together the various productions of the elements with the free disorder natural to each species."

Gibbons is buried at St Paul's, Covent Garden, London.

Gibbons' work very often includes carvings of peapods. A myth states that he would include a closed pod in his work, only carving it open once he had been paid. If the pea pod was left shut it supposedly showed that he had not been paid for the work.

Bibliography
 Beard, Geoffrey 1989. The work of Grinling Gibbons.  London: John Murray. 
 Esterly, David 2000. Grinling Gibbons and the art of carving. V&A Publications.

References 

1648 births
1721 deaths
Dutch artists
English artists
People from Kent
People from Rotterdam
Sculptors
Woodworkers
The Sonian Forest (, ) is a large forest in the south-eastern part of Brussels, Belgium.

The forest is in the Flemish parts of Sint-Genesius-Rode, Hoeilaart, Overijse and Tervuren, Uccle , Watermael-Boitsfort, Auderghem and Woluwe-Saint-Pierre in the Brussels-Capitale Region and in the Walloon towns of La Hulpe and Waterloo. Thus it stretches out over the three Belgian Regions. It used to be connected with Bois de la Cambre and Hallerbos (Blue Forest in Belgium) but they split up in 1900.

It is maintained by Flanders (56%), the Brussels-Capitale Region (38%) and Wallonia (6%). There are some parts of the forest privately held forest and the Kapucijnenbos, the "Capuchin Wood", which belongs to the Royal Trust.

Arts
Auguste Rodin went to the forest while living in Brussels in the 1870s. He made several paintings of the forest during this time.

Other websites

Forests of Belgium
Brussels
Flanders
Wallonia
Flemish Brabant
Walloon Brabant
Damllsvenskan is the Swedish women's association football top division.

Swedish national champions

Before 1988

Since 1988

Other websites

 SvFF - Damallsvenskan
 Damfotboll.com - Damfotboll

1988 establishments in Sweden
Football leagues in Europe
Women's football
Football in Sweden
Dame Katherine Patricia Routledge  ( ; born 17 February 1929), professionally billed as Patricia Routledge, is an English actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Hyacinth Bucket in the BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances (1990–1995), for which she was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Light Entertainment Performance in 1992 and 1993. Her film appearances include To Sir, with Love (1967) and Don't Raise the Bridge, Lower the River (1968).

Routledge was born in Tranmere, Cheshire, England. She has never been married and has no children. She has lived in Chichester, West Sussex since 2000, and regularly worships at Chichester Cathedral.
, she was a patron of the Beatrix Potter Society.

References

Other websites
Other websites 
 

1929 births
Living people
English singers
English stage actors
English television actors
Actors from Cheshire
Musicians from Cheshire
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
English Anglicans
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Movie actors
Musical theater actors
People from Birkenhead
Tony Award winners
Rachel Ames (born November 2, 1929) is an American television actress. She works mostly in soap operas. Ames played Audrey Hardy in the ABC soap General Hospital and its spinoff series Port Charles. She also played characters in other television series before General Hospital.

Ames was born in Portland, Oregon.

American television actors
Actors from Portland, Oregon
1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
Tammy Lee Grimes (January 30, 1934 – October 30, 2016) was an American actress and singer. She starred in and won a Tony Award for a 1960 play called The Unsinkable Molly Brown. She also starred in her own television show The Tammy Grimes Show in 1966.

Early life
Grimes was born in Lynn, Massachusetts, the daughter of Eola Willard (née Niles), a naturalist and spiritualist, and Luther Nichols Grimes, an innkeeper, country-club manager, and farmer.

She attended high school at the then all-girls school, Beaver Country Day School, and Stephens College, and then studied acting at New York City's Neighborhood Playhouse. She studied singing with Beverley Peck Johnson.

Personal life
Grimes married Christopher Plummer on August 16, 1956, with whom she had a daughter, actress Amanda Plummer. They divorced in 1960.
Her second husband was actor Jeremy Slate, who she married in 1966 and divorced a year later. Her third husband was composer Richard Bell, who she married in 1971; the couple remained married until Bell's death in 2005.

Death
Grimes died on October 30, 2016, in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 82 from natural causes. Her survivors include her brother, Nick, and her daughter Amanda.

Work
Work

Filmography
 Three Bites of the Apple (1967) - Angela Sparrow
 Arthur? Arthur! (1969) - Lady Joan Mellon
 Play It as It Lays (1972) - Helene
 The Horror at 37,000 Feet (1973, TV Movie) - Mrs. Pinder
 The Borrowers (1973, TV Movie) - Homily Clock
 Somebody Killed Her Husband (1978) - Audrey Van Santen
 The Runner Stumbles (1979) - Erna Webber
 Can't Stop the Music (1980) - Sydne Channing
 The Last Unicorn (1982) - Molly Grue (voice)
 The Stuff (1985) - Special Guest Star in Stuff Commercial
 America (1986) - Joy Hackley
 Mr. North (1988) - Sarah Baily-Lewis
 Slaves of New York (1989) - Georgette
 Backstreet Justice (1994) - Mrs. Finnegan
 A Modern Affair (1995) - Dr. Gresham
 Trouble on the Corner (1997) - Mrs. K
 High Art (1998) - Vera
Stage
 The Littlest Revue (1956)
 Look After Lulu (1959)
 The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1960)
 Rattle of a Simple Man (1963)
 High Spirits (1964)
 The Only Game in Town (1968)
 Private Lives (revival) (1969)
 A Musical Jubilee (1975)
 California Suite (1976)
 Tartuffe (revival)(1977)
 Trick (1979)
 42nd Street (1980)
 Sunset (1983)
 Orpheus Descending (revival) (1989)
 Wit & Wisdom (2003)

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
1934 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Susan Harris (born October 28, 1940 in Mount Vernon, New York) is an American screenwriter.

She was a screenwriter of the television series The Golden Girls. Her last project as a screenwriter was the series Brighton Belles from the year 1993.

She was married to producer Paul Junger Witt from 1983 until his death in 2018.

1940 births
Writers from New York (state)
American screenwriters
Living people
Anne Haney (March 4, 1934 – May 26, 2001) was an American actress. She worked in some movies, but mostly on television shows. She acted as a social worker in Mrs. Doubtfire and as Alberta in the sitcom Mama's Family. She also guest starred on other television series, including Designing Women and Charmed.

Haney was born in Memphis, Tennessee. She died due to heart failure in Studio City, California at age sixty-seven.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
1934 births
2001 deaths
Barbara Jean McNair (born 4 March 1934 – 4 February 2007) was an American musician and actress. She became very popular in the 1960s. She was a guest on many television programs, including The Bell Telephone Hour, The Steve Allen Show and The Hollywood Palace. Her Broadway play credits included No Strings and The Body Beautiful in the 1960s and 1970s.

McNair was born in Chicago. Around her seventies, she lived in Los Angeles. She died there resulting from throat cancer, age seventy-two.

American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Chicago
1934 births
2007 deaths
James Milton Campbell, Jr. (known as Little Milton; September 7, 1934 – August 4, 2005) was an American musician. He played rhythm and blues and electric blues. His hit songs and records included "Grits Ain't Groceries", "We're Gonna Make It" and "Just a Little Bit". He was born in Mississippi. He died following a stroke in Memphis.

Singers from Mississippi
R&B musicians
Musicians from Mississippi
1934 births
2005 deaths
A great house is a large residence, with several domestic workers, usually live-ins. As the 19th and 20th centuries progressed, the number of great houses in the Western world was reduced, as well as the number of domestic workers.

Houses
Domestic work
Sammie Jacqueline Joseph (or Jackie Joseph; born November 7, 1934) is an American actress. She plays the voices of characters in certain movies. She played Sheila Futterman in both Gremlins movies in 1984 and 1990. She played Jackie on The Dick Van Dyke Show. She was a regular on The Doris Day Show, playing Jackie Parker. 

Joseph was born in Los Angeles. She was married to actor Ken Berry from 1960 to 1976.

References

American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1934 births
Living people
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in staining. In a Gram stain test, a counterstain, safranin, is added after the crystal violet. This colours all gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink colour.

This happens because an outer membrane stops the penetration of the stain. The test itself is useful in classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their bacterial cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolourizing solution. Compared with gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria are more resistant against antibiotics, because of their relatively impermeable cell wall.

The lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS layer) is important. In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response, with cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of cytokine production.

References
References

Other websites
 3D structures of proteins from inner membranes of Ellie Wyithe's gram-negative bacteria
 Gram Staining Procedure and Images
Vänersborg is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Vänersborg Municipality.

Famous people
Agnes Carlsson
Birger Sjöberg

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Örebro is a town in the county of Örebro in Sweden. It is the seat of Örebro Municipality, and Örebro County.

References

Other websites
Borås is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Borås Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Västerås is a town in the county of Västmanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Västerås Municipality.

The clothing company H&M started in Västerås in 1947.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastmanland County
Eskilstuna is a town in the county of Södermanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Sodermanland County
Södertälje is a town in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. It is the seat of Södertälje Municipality. Södertälje is the home of successful sports clubs like Södertälje BBK (basketball) and Södertälje SK (ice hockey).

References

Other websites

Settlements in Stockholm County
Kalmar is a town on the coast of Småland in south-eastern Sweden. Kalmar is the central city of Kalmar Municipality, the seat of Kalmar County and the former diocese of Kalmar diocese (which became part of Växjö diocese in 1915). Kalmar got a college in 1977 and a university city in 2010. Kalmar's central city had 41 388 inhabitants in 2020. Kalmar is Småland's third largest urban centre after Jönköping and Växjö.

Etymology 
The Old Swedish place name Kalmarnir or Kalmarnar contains the joint kalm, 'stone cairn' and the plural form arnar of arin, 'gravel island'. The name may have referred at the earliest to the area of Stensö (Stone Island) just south of the town. Kalmar had a large German population in the Middle Ages and possibly influenced by the name of the German town Wismar (from the high german wisa and mara, both meaning 'swamp') a reduction of the suffix may have taken place.
An older piece evidence than the one mentioned is Kalmarna sutuma, 'Kalmarsund' on a rune stone from the 11th century at Ärja ödekyrka in Åkers sn. Södermanland.

The name Calmar had long had the genitive form Calmare. Even in the so-called Kalmarvisan it is spoken of as "Kalmare town". A 17th-century ship known from early Swedish emigration history was called Calmare Nyckel, a name that still occurs in various contexts. In today's Standard Swedish, place names ending in a vowel do not receive the genitive s in established fixed compounds, while place names ending in a consonant do. The genitive-e in the word Kalmar, which has been removed today, explains why the grammatical form of the name violates this rule. It is thus "Kalmar län", "Kalmar domkyrka", "Kalmar Slott" and so on, without -s, and respectively "Blekinge län", "Lund domkyrka" and "Ovanåkers kommun", "Wismar town hall". In more occasional constructions, the word Kalmar has the genitive-s in the usual way, for example "Kalmar's population."