Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Although they arrived in Quito in 1541, in 1580 the Dominicans started to build their temple, using the plans and direction of Francisco Becerra. The work was completed in the first half of the 17th century. Inside the church are valuable structures, such as the neo-Gothic main altar. This was placed in the late 19th century by Italian Dominicans. The roof of the Mudéjar style church features paintings of martyrs of the Order of Saint Dominic. The roof of the nave is composed of a pair and knuckle frame, coated inside by pieces of tracery. In the museum on the north side of the lower cloister are wonderful pieces of great Quito sculptors such as the Saint Dominic de Guzmán by Father Carlos, the Saint John of God by Caspicara, and the Saint Thomas Aquinas by Legarda. Another Baroque piece that stands is the Chapel of Nuestra Señora del Rosario, which is a recognizable feature of the architecture of Quito. This chapel was built beside the church, in the gospel side
. In this was founded the largest fraternity in the city of Quito.
El Panecillo
El Panecillo is a hill in the middle west of the city at an altitude of about 3,016 metres (9,895 ft) above sea level. A monument to the Virgin Mary is on top of El Panecillo and is visible from most of the city of Quito. In 1976, the Spanish artist Agustín de la Herrán Matorras was commissioned by the religious order of the Oblates to build a 41 metres (135 ft)–tall aluminum monument of a madonna, which was assembled on a high pedestal on the top of Panecillo.
The Quito School 
The Quito School originated in the school of Artes y Oficios, founded in 1552 by the Franciscan priest Jodoco Ricke, who together with Friar Pedro Gocial transformed the San Andrés seminary, where the first indigenous artists were trained. As a cultural expression, it is the result of a long process of acculturation between indigenous peoples and Europeans, and it is one of the richest expressions of miscegenation (mestizaje) and of syncretism, in which the participation of the vanquished Indian is seemingly of minor importance as compared to the dominant European contribution.

The Quito School (Escuela Quiteña) is an artistic tradition that developed in the territory of the Royal Audience of Quito, from Pasto and Popayán in the north to Piura and Cajamarca in the south, during the colonial period (1542-1824). This artistic production was one of the most important activities in the economy of the Royal Audience of Quito.
The major artists of the Quito School are the sculptors Bernardo de Legarda , Manuel Chili (Caspicara) and Miguel Angel Tejada Zambrado and the painters Fray Pedro Gosseal, Fray Pedro Bedón, Nicolás Javier Goríbar, Hernando de la Cruz, Miguel de Santiago, Manuel de Samaniego

Basilica del Voto Nacional
The Basilica of the National Vow is a Roman Catholic church in the historic center of Quito, Ecuador. It is sometimes also called the Catedral Consagración de Jesús or the Basílica de San Juan. It is the largest neo-Gothic basilica in the Americas.
Metropolitan Cathedral 
Construction began in 1562, seventeen years after the diocese of Quito was created (1545) and in the heart of the historic city and its status as the main church of the city, is one of the largest religious symbols of spiritual value for the Catholic community in the city.

Church of San Agustín
It is one of the seven monumental churches of the 16th and 17th centuries whose main portico was built on stone in the Spanish Baroque-architecture style.

The church includes a small atrium (decorated by a large stone cross), an inside yard with a large garden and a large session hall where the frayers held dissertations or "capitulations" of faith.
The cloister and convent have a separate entrance which leads to the garden. The bell tower reaches a high of twenty-two meters (seventy feet) and houses two bronze bells of the period.
Climate
Ecuador is a country of variety. Its climate and landscape varies from one end of the country to the other. However, it is more hot and humid along the coast and in the Amazon jungle lowlands than it is in the mountains.

Plants and animals

Ecuador is one of 17 megadiverse countries in the world. In addition to the mainland, Ecuador owns the Galápagos Islands. This is what the country is best known for.

Ecuador has 1,600 bird species and 38 more endemic in the Galápagos. In addition to over 16,000 species of plants, the country has 106 endemic reptiles, 138 endemic amphibians, and 6,000 species of butterfly. The Galápagos Islands are famous as the place of birth of Darwin's Theory of Evolution. They are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Many different kinds of potatoes and corn are grown in Ecuador. There are also large banana farms. On the coast, many people eat seafood and fish. Cuy is a famous indigenous food that means guinea pig.

Economy
Besides gold, oil is one of Ecuador's natural resources.
Ecuador used to have its own currency called the sucre, which was in use from 1884 until 2000. Since then, the country uses the United States dollar for money, but its coins (not the banknotes) are different from those in the US.

Gallery of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

Related pages
 Ecuador at the Olympics
 Ecuador national football team
 List of rivers of Ecuador

References

Other websites

 
Spanish-speaking countries
1809 establishments
19th-century establishments in South America
Year 1515 (MDXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events
 January 25 – Coronation of Francis I of France
 August 25 – Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds Havana, Cuba.

 September 22 – Anne of Cleves
Year 1495 (MCDXCV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Births 
 March 28 – Mary Tudor, Queen of France (died 1533)
Orlando is a city in the center of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Orange County. It contains 307,573 people as of 2020. It is number four among cities in Florida by number of people.  The current mayor, or leader, of Orlando is Buddy Dyer.

History
Orlando was created in 1836 when someone found a tree where the name "Orlando Reeves" was carved.  Thinking it was a place of burial, they named the site "Orlando's grave".  It was cut to Orlando later.

Before the American Civil War, Orlando was a center of trade in cattle.  After the war, many people came to the town.  Orlando became a city in 1875.  Before 1900, Orlando was a center of orange farming.  After 1900, it became a popular place for visitors.

Orlando was an important base for the military during World War II, as home of Pinecastle Army Air Field.  Lockheed Martin (once Martin Marietta) opened a manufacturing site in Orlando in 1956.
In 1965, Walt Disney said that he would build a large amusement park southwest of the city.  That place, Walt Disney World Resort, opened in 1971. After Walt Disney World opened, Orlando is now very popular as a tourism city, attracting millions of visitors each year from every place in the world.

Three hurricanes moved over Orlando in 2004, causing billions of U.S. dollars of damage.

Climate 
Orlando has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification). Summers are hot and wet; winters are warm with moderate rainfall.

Transport
A major road in Orlando is Interstate 4.  Another major road is State Road 408.  They meet downtown.  Florida's Turnpike also meets Interstate 4 southwest of the city.

Orlando International Airport is one of the biggest airports in the United States.

Amtrak trains and Greyhound buses also go to Orlando.

Sports
The Orlando Magic are an NBA basketball team in Orlando.  They play at TD Waterhouse Centre.
The Orlando Predators are an football team with the Arena Football League in Orlando.  They play at the TD Waterhouse Centre.

References

Other websites

The Orlando Travel & Visitors Bureau
The Orlando Regional Chamber of Commerce

County seats in Florida
 
1836 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Florida Territory
Events 
 Richard II of England takes revenge on his political opponents, the Lords Appellant.
The word Orlando has several meanings:

There are several places that have the name:
 Orlando, Florida, in the United States of America
 Orlando, Oklahoma, in the United States of America
 Orlando, Soweto, in the Republic of South Africa

There are several artistic works that use the name:
 Orlando can be a character in literature or music from the 16th and 17th centuries
 Orlando is the name of an opera composed by George Frideric Handel in 1733
 Orlando: A Biography is a novel written by Virginia Woolf in 1928
 Orlando is the title of a movie based on the above novel, produced in 1992
 Orlando is the title of a British television series in the 1960s
 Orlando is the name of a British indie-pop band in the 1990s
 Orlando is the name of a fictional cat that stars in a series of children's illustrated books by Kathleen Hale

The following people use "Orlando" as their surname, or family name:
Vittorio Orlando, an Italian diplomat and politician
Tony Orlando, an American singer
The following people use "Orlando" as their given name:
Orlando Bloom, a British actor
Orlando Cepeda, a former Hispanic-American baseball player in the Baseball Hall of Fame
Orlando Cabrera, a current Hispanic-American baseball player.  He plays in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
A glossary is a list of words and what they mean.  They are usually found at the end of a book or report that uses hard words to read or special words.  Websites about complicated subjects also sometimes have glossaries.

For example, in a book about philosophy that has the word "epistemology", there might be a glossary at the end of the book with the definition of this word.

Words
Reference
Events 
 January 5 – Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, is drowned in the Limmat River in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church.
 May 6 – Spanish and German troops led by the Duke of Bourbon sack Rome (the infamous Sacco di Roma), forcing Pope Clement VII to make peace with Charles V.
 May 16 – Florentines drive out the Medici for a second time and Florence re-establishes a republic.
 Spanish conquest of Guatemala highlands completed; first Guatemala City founded (Ciudad Vieja).
 Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Montejo invades Yucatán.
 Battle of Tokay: Ferdinand of Austria defeats John Zapolya and takes over most of Hungary. John appeals to the Turks for help.
 Protestant Reformation begins in Sweden.
 Ahmed Gragn of Somalia defeats the Ethiopian army with his new firearms.
 People of the University of Wittenberg flee plague to Jena.
 Bishop Vesey's Grammar School in Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands, UK is founded by Bishop John Vesey.
Births 
 March 21 – Hermann Finck, German composer and music theorist (died 1558)
 April 14 – Abraham Ortelius, cartographer and geographer (died 1598)
 July 13 – John Dee, English mathematician, astronomer, and geographer (died 1608)
 July 31 – Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1576)
 Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian artist (died 1593)
 Charles of Guise, French Cardinal and member of the powerful House of Guise (died 1574)
 Lawrence Humphrey, president of Magdalen College, Oxford (died 1590)
 Luis Ponce de León, Spanish lyric poet (died 1591)
 Sakuma Nobumori, Japanese retainer and samurai (died 1581)
 Annibale Padovano, Italian composer and organist (died 1575)
 Philip II of Spain
Deaths 
 January 21 – Juan de Grijalva, Spanish conquistador (born 1489)
 June 21 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian writer and statesman (born 1469)
 July 28 – Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conquistador and explorer (born 1460)
 Boabdil, last Moorish king of Granada (of the Nasrid dynasty)
 Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne (born 1490)
 Francesco Colonna, Italian Dominican priest (born 1433)
 Thomas Docwra, Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitaller (born 1458)
 Felix Manz, co-founder of the original Swiss Brethren Anabaptist congregation in Zürich
 Cristoforo Solari, Italian sculptor and architect
 Jan "Ciezki" Tarnowski, Polish nobleman
1373 (MCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events 
 January–December 
 March 24 – The Treaty of Santarém is signed between D. Fernando of Portugal and Henrique II of Castile, ending the second war between the two countries.
 May 13 – Julian of Norwich receives the sixteen Revelations of Divine Love.
Date unknown 
 Bristol is made an independent county.
 The Anglo-Portuguese alliance is signed (currently the oldest active treaty in the world).
 The city of Phnom Penh (now the capital city of Cambodia) is founded.
 Philip II of Taranto hands over the rule of Achaea (now southern Greece) to his cousin, Joanna I of Naples.
 Leo VI succeeds his distant cousin, Constantine VI, as King of Armenian Cilicia (now southern Turkey).
 A city wall is built around Lisbon, Portugal to resist invasion by Castile.
 Tran Kinh succeeds Tran Phu as King of Vietnam.
 Byzantine co-emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos rebels against his father, John V Palaiologos, for agreeing to let Constantinople become a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. After the rebellion fails, Ottoman Emperor Murad I commands John V Palaiologos to blind his son.
 The death of Sultan Muhammad as-Said begins a period of political instability in Morocco.
 Merton College Library is built in Oxford, England.
 The Adina Mosque is built in Bengal.
Births 
 March 29 – Marie of Alencon, French princess (d. 1417)
 June 23 – Queen Joan II of Naples (d. 1435)
 September 22 – Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester (d. 1400)
 date unknown
 Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (d. 1415)
 Margery Kempe, writer of the first autobiography in English

Deaths 
 January 16 – Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (b. 1342)
 February – Ibn Kathir, Islamic scholar (b. 1301)
 July 23 – Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (b. 1303)
 November 3 – Jeanne de Valois, Queen of Navarre (b. 1343)
 December 7 – Rafał z Tarnowa, Polish nobleman (b. c. 1330)
 date unknown
 Constantine VI of Armenia (assassinated)
 Robert le Coq, French bishop and councillor

References
A comedian is a person who tells jokes, or acts in comedies. Some people use the French loanword comedienne to refer to female comedians. A comedian can also be called a comic or a comic actor.

 
Entertainment occupations
Turin ( , Piedmontese: ;  ; , then Taurinum) is a major industrial city on the west bank of the Po river in Piedmont, northwest Italy. Over a 900,000 people live in it. Turin is the fourth largest city in Italy, after Rome, Milan and Naples. Turin is the capital of Piedmont. Fiat's first car factory was in Turin. The city was the host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. In Turin there are two major rivers the Po and the Dora, and two minor rivers the Stura and the Sangone.

Turin was the first capital of Italy in 1861. It had previously been the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia and before that it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy. Filippo Juvarra designed many churches and palaces in the city. 

 
Olympic cities
Hobart (Palawa Kani: Nipaluna) is a city in Australia. It is the capital city of the state of Tasmania, and it has about 200,000 people. It is on the western shore of the Derwent River, although some of its suburbs are on the eastern shore. In the western suburbs of Hobart is Kunyani/Mount Wellington.

Hobart was founded in 1803 as a penal colony. Today it is a busy seaport, and is the home port of Antarctic expeditions. Tourist attractions include Salamanca Markets, the Cadbury chocolate factory and the Cascade Brewery.

Hobart has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).

References

Other websites

1803 establishments
 
19th-century establishments in Australia
The New Testament is part of the Christian Bible, and the most important religious writing of Christianity. It tells the story of Jesus Christ, his followers, and the beginnings of Christianity. It was written in Koine Greek.

The New Testament is made up of different parts. In total, there are 27 texts in the New Testament. The Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant Churches have the same texts, but their arrangement varies; the Syriac Churches and the Ethiopian Churches have different versions. The Syriac Churches do not put Peter 2, John 2 and 3, Jude and the Revelations in the New Testament. The Ethiopian Churches do not have a common canon.

Four of the Books of the New Testament are the Gospels. Most of the others are Epistles.

The Four Gospels
The Four Gospels 

Each of the Gospels tells the story of Jesus Christ, or the young Messiah, who Christians believe is the "Son of God who is born to save the world from sin". Each of the Gospels tell this same story, with a little more or less detail from the other. The other books tell about the history of the church and explain the Christian faith through letters written to persons and groups that have believed in Jesus 

The traditional author is listed after each entry.
 The Gospel of Matthew, traditionally the Apostle Matthew, son of Alphaeus.
 The Gospel of Mark, traditionally Mark, who wrote down the narrative given by the Apostle Simon, called Peter.
 The Gospel of Luke, traditionally Luke, who was a companion of the Apostle Paul, who was formerly called Saul.
 The Gospel of John, traditionally John the Apostle.

Acts of the Apostles 
 Acts of the Apostles (or Acts), the story of the apostles after the Gospels' story
Pauline epistles 
Pauline epistles, the 13 or 14 letters believed to be written by Saint Paul the Apostle. They are named for the person or group to which they were sent. 
 Romans
 First Corinthians
 Second Corinthians
 Galatians
 Ephesians
 Philippians
 Colossians
 First Thessalonians
 Second Thessalonians
 First Timothy
 Second Timothy
 Titus
 Philemon
 Hebrews was traditionally attributed to Paul, but nowhere is the author mentioned.

General epistles 
General epistles are other letters which are named for the person traditionally believed to have written them. 

 James
 First Peter
 Second Peter
 First John
 Second John
 Third John
 Jude

Book of Revelation 
 Book of Revelation

References

Other websites 
 The New Testament Gateway 
Full text in original Greek
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out.

The word gospel came from the Old English word "gōdspel", which literally means "good news", since it narrates Jesus Christ's life and teaching to invite anyone to believe that he was born to save the world from sin and make humans truly know God as a Father. It includes the Death and Resurrection of Jesus.

The Gospel was originally spoken, not written. Eventually gospel came to mean an ancient book about Jesus, especially one of the four books collected by the Church in the Bible. 

These books are the first part of the New Testament of the Bible, and are put in a group of this order: the Gospel of Matthew, the Gospel of Mark, the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of John.
"Injil" (Arabic: إنجيل) is the Arabic name for the Gospel of Jesus (Isa). In Islam, Jesus is believed to be the second-to-last prophet and messenger of God (Allah) and the Messiah. Muslims believe that God revealed the Injil to Jesus, while also declaring the truth of the previous revelations: the Tawrat (the Torah) and the Zabur (the Psalms).

Related pages
Gospel music

References

Other websites 

Christian theology
Palestine is a region in the Middle East. It is in the Levant, between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Many cultures have lived in Palestine through history and built their civilizations, such as the Philistines, Phoenicians and Arabs. It is also called the Holy Land. It is where Judaism and Christianity began.

Today, the region is divided into two states: Israel and the State of Palestine. The territories in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip have been disputed between Israel and Palestine. Many cities in the region are sacred to Abrahamic religions: Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth and Hebron are among the most important. Now Palestine only owns a quarter of the country.

In English it is sometimes written as Philistine. The Philistines were a people who invaded the area. The Arabs came to Palestine much later.

State of Palestine
The State of Palestine, also known simply as Palestine, is a de jure sovereign state in the Middle East with Jerusalem as its capital. It is recognized by 141 UN members. Since 2012 it has non-member observer state in the United Nations. This amounts to a de facto, or implicit, recognition of statehood.

The State of Palestine claims the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as its territory. Its independence was declared on 15 November 1988.

History
Ancient times 
The first people to migrate to the land of Palestine were Canaanites, who came from north of Arabia and normally spoke Arabic. They have also adopted the idea of alphabets from those who lived in the current Lebanon. This migration occurred ca. 5000 b.c. After 3000 years came Israelites who are the sons of Jackob, son of Abraham.
Macedonian period 
With conquests of Alexander the Great of Macedon, the area became dominated by Hellenistic rulers - first Alexander himself, later Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt and finally Seleucids. In second century before common era, the Jewish population of the area revolted against Seleucids and founded an independent Hesmonean kingdom. The Jewish kingdom expanded over the region in the next decades, conquering neighbouring Samaritans, Edomeans and Nabateans. Slowly however, the region became dominated by the Roman Empire.
Roman period 
After a semi-independent rule of King Herod, Judea was turned into a Roman Province. Jews violently revolted against the Romans twice, but the Romans reconquered the whole area and finally renamed it Syria-Palaestina after one of Judea's ancient enemies, the Philistines. After two centuries, the Eastern Roman Empire became known as Byzantium, which became a Christian Empire. Byzantium kept its rule over the country, with Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda districts of the Oriens Province with majorly Byzantine Christian population and big groups of Samaritans, Jews, Greek Byzantines and Christian Arabs.

Middle Ages and Ottomans
Over the next centuries, the region was briefly conquered by Persians, became part of Arab Muslim Empire, the Crusader kingdom, the Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire. During World War 1, General Allenby attacked the Turkish army in the valley of Megiddo ( Identified as Armageddon in the Bible), from 19 to 25 September 1918. Today Jordan comprises 81% and Israel 19% of Palestine Mandate. Trans-Jordan was established on 25 May 1946, with the intention of Israel being the remaining 19% . Mandate Palestine is divided into Trans- Jordan/Jordan (81%) and Israel (19%), as today the Jordanian capture of East Jerusalem and West Bank has been reversed. The Gaza strip was captured by Israel from Egypt in 1967, and Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005.The region is often named Holy Land, and is sacred for Christians, Jews and Muslims who recognize the Ten Commandments.

Images

References 

 
Middle East
Paul the Apostle, (born as Saul of Tarsus) and also often called Saint Paul (2BC–64/65), was a Messianic Jewish-Roman writer and rabbi. He was a convert to Christianity. It is believed that he wrote thirteen books of the Bible, together called the Pauline epistles. They are letters to churches and Christians. He wrote these letters to encourage them, to help them understand Christian teaching, and to help them to live Christian lives.

Life

Anti-Christian
Anti-Christian 

Paul's name was originally Saul (not to be confused with King Saul from the books of Samuel in the Old Testament). He grew up learning both the Jewish law and the Greek ways of discussing things. We are first introduced to Saul in the Bible near the end of Acts 7. The Christian movement had begun with the resurrection and ascension of Jesus. Saul was strongly against this, and he was happy as he watched Saint Stephen, the first martyr of Jesus, being killed by stoning after giving a speech that made the Jewish court angry.  He worked for the Roman Government and helped lead the arrests and killing of many Christians in Israel and the nearby area.

Later on, Saul was told to go to Damascus to find and bring back Christians there to be punished. On the way, God came down from heaven and spoke to Saul. The Bible tells of what happened like this:
Saul becomes Paul 
When Saul reached Damascus, he was taken to Ananias, one of Jesus's disciples, where he got his sight back and was baptized as a Christian. He spent the next three years studying the Jewish scriptures again to find explanations for the Christian teachings. His experiences changed his view on Christianity completely. In Acts 13:9, he begins to be called Paul.  This was the Hellenized version of the name Saul. He used his earlier education to explain his new faith to other people and to discuss things with people who had other beliefs.
He traveled around the Roman Empire, teaching others about Christianity, and wrote letters back and forth with the churches he helped to begin. The letters contain many important parts of Christian teaching and have since been part of the New Testament of the Bible, coming between the Acts of the Apostles and the General Epistles. It is not known whether Paul actually wrote all of these letters, or whether other people could have written the letters for him. Part of these letters are read at Mass as the second of two readings that come before the Gospel.

Although the Bible does not say how Paul died, various writers said Paul was put to death by orders of the emperor Nero in Rome, in 64/65 AD. He had the rights of Roman citizenship, which meant that he could be put to death by decapitation with a sword, rather than by crucifixion. Some stories say he was decapitated.

Related pages
Twelve Apostles
Other websites 
 Online study about the early Christians in simple English
 Jewish Encyclopedia: Saul of Tarsus (known as Paul, the Apostle of the Heathen)
 "Saint Paul, the Apostle". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2009.

0s BC births
67 deaths
Early Christian saints
Jews who converted to Christianity
New Testament people
People executed by decapitation
In Christianity, the Old Testament is the name of the first part of the Bible which was completed before Jesus Christ was born. Scholars prefer the term Hebrew Bible.

Tertullian was probably the first person to call these books the "Old Testament." He used the Latin name vetus testamentum in the 2nd century.

The collection contains different texts, called "books", about God, and the people of Israel. It can be divided into several sections: the Torah, the History of Israel, the Prophets and Wisdom books. In Judaism, this collection of books is known as Tanakh because it is divided into three parts (Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim). Most Jews and many Christians believe these texts to be holy. According to them, God inspired people to write them.
Different religious communities include (or leave out) certain books from the Old Testament. The Catholic Church uses Saint Jerome's Latin translation of the Old Testament called Vulgate. The Eastern Orthodox church uses the ancient Greek translation of Jewish sacred writings called the Septuagint. The Eastern Orthodox list of sacred books has a few more books than the Roman Catholic list. Protestant Bibles stick more closely to the books in the Tanakh but list them in a different order.

Themes 
In the Old Testament, Almighty God is the one who created the world. The God of the Old Testament is not always presented as the only God who exists, even though there may be other gods, the God of the Old Testament is always shown as the only God whom Israel is to worship. The God of the Old Testament is the one "true God"; only Yahweh is Almighty. Both Jews and Christians have always interpreted the Bible (both the "Old" and "New" Testaments) as an affirmation of the oneness of Almighty God.
The Old Testament stresses the special relationship between God and his chosen people, Israel, but includes instructions for proselytes as well. This relationship is expressed in the biblical covenant (contract) between the two, received by Moses. The law codes in books such as Exodus and especially Deuteronomy are the terms of the contract: Israel swears faithfulness to God, and God swears to be Israel's special protector and supporter. The Jewish Study Bible denies that covenant means contract.

Other themes in the Old Testament include salvation, redemption, divine judgment, obedience and disobedience, faith and faithfulness. Throughout there is a strong emphasis on ethics and ritual purity. God demands both.
According to the Old Testament, it is important to be fair and to help those who are vulnerable. Those in power should not be biased when they judge people. The Old Testament forbids corruption, deceiving people when trading. It is also against some sexual practices, which are seen as sinful.  All morality is traced back to God, who is the source of all goodness.

The problem of evil plays a large part in the Old Testament. The problem the Old Testament authors faced was that a good God must have had just reason for bringing disaster (meaning notably, but not only, the Babylonian exile) upon his people. The theme is played out, with many variations, in books as different as the histories of Kings and Chronicles, the prophets like Ezekiel and Jeremiah, and in the wisdom books like Job and Ecclesiastes.
Books in the Old Testament 
Genesis (50 Chapters)
Exodus (40 Chapters)
Leviticus  (27 Chapters)
 Numbers  (36 Chapters)
Deuteronomy  (34 Chapters)
Joshua  (24 Chapters)
Judges  (21 Chapters)
 Ruth (4 chapters)
 1 Samuel  (31 Chapters)
 2 Samuel  (24 Chapters)
 1 Kings  (22 Chapters)
 2 Kings  (25 Chapters)
 1 Chronicles  (29 Chapters)
 2 Chronicles  (36 Chapters) 
 Ezra  (10 Chapters)
 Nehemiah  (13 Chapters)
Esther  (10 Chapters)
Job  (42 Chapters)
Psalms  (150 Chapters)
Proverbs  (31 Chapters)
Ecclesiastes (12 Chapters)
Song of Solomon  (8 Chapters)
Isaiah  (66 Chapters)
Jeremiah  (52 Chapters)
Lamentations  (5 Chapters)
Ezekiel  (48 Chapters)
Daniel  (12 Chapters)
Hosea  (14 Chapters)
Joel  (3 Chapters)
Amos  (9 Chapters)
Obadiah  (1 Chapter)
Jonah  (4 Chapters)
Micah  (7 Chapters)
Nahum  (3 Chapters)
Habakkuk  (3 Chapters)
Zephaniah  (3 Chapters)
Haggai  (2 Chapters)
Zechariah  (14 Chapters)
Malachi  (4 Chapters)

Notes

References
Painting is using colors to make visual art. It is also the word for a painted work of art. Many kinds of paints are used to create art. They include watercolors, acrylics and oils.  Other artists like working with pencil or chalk. Sometimes charcoal can be used.  

Famous paintings are often kept in art galleries, like the National Gallery in London and the Louvre (Paris) where one of the most famous paintings in the world hangs, the Mona Lisa, painted by Leonardo da Vinci.  People do not have to go to a famous gallery to view art.  There are private art galleries in many cities around the world.

There is a basic difference between drawing and painting. In drawing, a single layer is the entire image. In painting, one layer is painted over another to get the final image. As a result, most of the time the image will not be clear until it gets to the final stage.
There are four basic stages in painting: preparation, divide, layer, and touch up.
Preparation: most artists prepare a canvas or other surface. A thin and uniform cover or "wash" of white or other color is laid on the whole surface. This may help the later layers to get the same fix all over the surface. Also, the unseen wash may help the reflection of light from the surface, thus improving the effect for the viewer. For really uneven or colored surfaces, such as wood or rough canvas, a more substantial covering is needed. That is called gesso, traditionally a mixture of chalk and gelatin, but nowadays available as a thick white acrylic. Painting on some surfaces requires a special technique. Painting on plaster uses the fresco method.
In the divide stage, the canvas is divided into a few major areas (depending on the image you paint), and background for those areas are plotted.
In the layer stage, a layer is plotted over another layer, to get the desired shape in each area. By the end of this stage, all objects in the image will be easily and clearly identifiable.
The touch-up stage needs extra effort. This stage is to provide an extra look to the image, like precise bordering, merging layers and other visual effects.
Horses are a group of animals of the family Equidae. They are herbivores, which means they eat grass and other plants. Some plants are dangerous for them, like ragwort, lemongrass (oil grass) and sometimes acorns.

The standard horse is the species Equus caballus. It was domesticated from wild horses by humans at least 5000 years ago. They are large, strong animals and some breeds are used to pull heavy loads. Racehorses can gallop up to 30 miles an hour.

A male horse is a stallion, and a female horse is a mare, while the general term for a young horse is a foal. A young female horse is a filly, and a young male horse is a colt. A castrated horse is a gelding. Horses have hooves which need protection by horseshoes from hard or rough ground.

A horse is related to the rhino and tapir in the order Perissodactyla.

Early horses
Early horses 

The evolution of horses has been well studied. Fifty million years ago, there were no horses as we know them now. Of the earliest fossil horse, the North American one is called Eohippus, and the Eurasian one is called Hyracotherium. Both were small animals: Eohippus was the larger of the two at twice the size of a terrier dog.

Many changes occurred between those little animals and today's horses. These changes are best explained as adaptations. To its changing ecological niche, from a small forest-dweller eating nuts and fruit to a more significant forest browser eating leaves and small branches. Finally, the modern horse is a grazer on open grassland, with different teeth, legs for running, and a much larger size. Significant changes happened in the mid-Miocene when the climate cooled and grassland replaced forests. This change continued, and several groups of mammals changed from browsers to grazers.

Horses and humans
Horses and humans 

Horses have been domesticated for at least 5000 years. Humans have used them in many different ways for travel, work, food, pleasure and show. Cavalry horses were used in war until the mid-20th century. They are used for riding and transport. They are also used for carrying things, pulling carts, or helping plough farmers' fields in agriculture. People have used selective breeding to make more giant horses do heavy work.

Some people keep horses as pets. Today, horses are mainly used for entertainment and sports. They are also still used for work and transportation in some places. Horses are used in equestrianism, and equine sports such as cross-country, show jumping, and other events. Show jumping, cross-country, and dressage are Olympic sports. "Equus" is the old Latin word for horse.
Other uses of horses 
Horsehide is a rugged leather made from the skin of horses. Horsehair is used to create a stiff fabric. Horsehair can also be used as a stuffing for furniture. Horsehair can be mixed with plaster to make it strong. People can use horse bones to make gelatin for food. People can also use the bones to make glue. Animal glue is still preferred by some woodworkers.

Horses are used all over the world to carry people and pull carts. Big cities use them to help police watch and protect people in crowds.

Mare 
A mare is a female horse. Other female equines are also sometimes called mares. Before the mare's third birthday, the mare is called a filly. When a mare wants to mate, the mare is called in heat. This part of the oestrous cycle lasts about three weeks. Mares are more prone to being temperamental. Some people would call this being "mare-ish."

Horse breeds 
These are some well-known horse breeds among the hundreds that exist:
Related pages 
 Horse riding – sports with horses
 Horse racing
 Pony – for little horses
 Quagga
 Przewalski's horse
 Donkey (Ass)
 Mule
 Zebra

References 

 
Domesticated animals
Animals used for transport
Basic English 850 words
The afterlife is what some people believe happens after death. Different religions teach different things about the afterlife.

Characteristics

Some religions believe in reincarnation (to come back to life as a different person or even animal). These religions include Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism specifically believes that at death the soul leaves the physical body but does not die. It lives in an astral body in an astral plane. Here the soul continues until it is born again in another physical body as a baby. Salvation (called Moksha) in these religions is a release from this endless cycle of re-births.
Most people in the world believe you go to another place after you die, such as heaven or hell. Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Jainism are religions that believe in this. For example, those that follow Christianity believe that if you accept the Christ (Jesus of Nazareth, the son of the Virgin Mary) as your saviour, you will spend eternity in heaven after death; if you do not accept him, you will be separated from him after death.

Many other religions believe in an afterlife of some kind. Ancient Egyptians believed in an `afterlife`. They put things into the graves of important people. These were to be used in the next life. The Vikings had some similar beliefs. Others (like African animists) believe that some people change into spirits called ghosts.
There are also those who do not believe that there is an afterlife, and that you simply cease to exist once you die. Atheists believe there is no God and no afterlife. The Sadducees were a sect of Judaism in the time of Jesus. They believed there was no spirit in man. So, after death there was no more life. .

There are several reports around the world of visions of a supposed afterlife in near death experiences, which, although varying in accounts, typically contain drawing closer to a light, or seeing one's dead relatives. Some people who experience clinical death, but are revived afterwards, report still being able to think and see things even after their vitals flatlined. Several people who have claimed to have visited the afterlife have often claimed to have had new information revaled to them, and are sometimes able to describe events that occurred during their clinical death or provide knowledge of past/future events.

Related pages 
 Funeral
 Immortality

Notes

Eschatology
Prayer is a worship and communication to God.  Prayer can be spoken, silent (no talking), or in a song.  It can be used to praise God or to ask for something including help and forgiveness. 

Prayer can take a variety of forms: it can be part of a set ritual or an individual invocation and can take the form of a hymn, a ritual statement, or a spontaneous expression. It can be done alone or in groups. 

In Christianity, prayers are varied. They can be completely spontaneous, or read entirely from a text, like the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. The most common prayer among Christians is the Lord's Prayer, which according to the gospel accounts is how Jesus taught his disciples to pray.

Islamic prayer, or salat is a duty to be performed five times per day.  

Hinduism has prayer to various divinities or holy beings.

Dua 

 () is a prayer or request made by Muslims in which they ask for help from their God. Muslims see dua as a very serious way of worship.
Dua has been done by Muslims for a long time, as it is seen as very important by a lot of Muslims and Muslim families. They have been carried on as traditions.

References

Theology
Worship
Genesis (Greek: ἡ γένεσις "origin, birth") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible. It means creation. It begins with the creation of the Universe. It ends with the death of Joseph. The Hebrew name for the book is transliterated Bre'shiyth, which means "in the beginning".

Summary 

God created the universe and everything in it in six days. God rested on the seventh day (Sabbath) and declared it a holy day of rest. God provided the Garden of Eden to the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve. There was only one thing that they were not allowed to do. God told them not to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. A snake tricked Eve, and she ate the fruit from the tree of knowledge. She then gave Adam some of the fruit, and he ate as well. Because they did not obey him, God made them leave the garden, so all people had to work for their food.
Adam and Eve's first two children were sons, Cain and Abel. Abel was a shepherd and Cain was a farmer. Cain fell into sin and killed his brother Abel out of jealousy, making him the first person to commit murder. (Genesis 4:1–16)

Later, when the world was full of people who were evil, God chose to kill them and save only the animals and the most morally righteous person alive. He told a man, named Noah, to build a huge boat and gather two of every bird, mammal and reptile onto it.  He was instructed to take 14, or a pair of 7, of clean animals. Only 2 of each could be unclean. Noah built and filled the boat as he was told, and a flood covered the whole world. After 40 days and nights, the rains stopped.  Once the water had receded the boat landed on the mountain of Ararat. God promised never to send another such flood, and he used the rainbow as a sign of that promise.
The people of the world attempted to build a high tower (Tower of Babel) to show the power of mankind and to reach God. God felt insulted and gave people different languages to prevent the tower from ever being finished.

God chose Abram to be "the father of many nations." Abram changed his name to Abraham, and God promised him the land of Canaan (Israel) forever. As a sign of this promise, the sons of Abraham are circumcised. God tested Abraham's loyalty by asking him to kill his son Isaac. Abraham was ready to do it, but God sent an angel to stop him. God told him there would be no more human sacrifice.

God destroyed the evil cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, saving only Abraham's nephew Lot and his daughters.
Isaac and his wife Rebecca had two twin sons, Esau and Jacob. Jacob traded food to Esau for Esau's right to carry the family name. Rebekah helped trick Isaac, who was old and blind, into giving his final blessing to Jacob by dressing him in fur (Isaac felt Jacob's furs and thought he was his hairy twin, Esau). Esau later got a blessing of his own.

Jacob left to find a wife. He found Rachel and worked for her father, Lavan, for seven years to marry her, but was tricked into marrying her sister Leah. He worked for another seven years to marry Rachel. He went back to his home, then moved to Bethel, where God told him to change his name to Israel. Jacob later also marries the servants of Leah and Rachel, whose names are Bilah and Zilpah.

Jacob had twelve sons named Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issaschar, Zebulun, Gad, Dan, Asher, Naftali, Joseph, and Benjamin. His wife Rachel died after she gave birth to Benjamin.
Jacob gave his son Joseph a coat of many colors. Joseph's brothers were jealous, so they sold him into slavery in Egypt. They covered his coat in blood and told their father he had died. Joseph became a great leader in Egypt by predicting a long famine by explaining the pharaoh's dreams. During the famine, his brothers came to Egypt to buy food. They did not know that Joseph was the leader. Joseph first tricked the brothers, but then gave them food and let them stay in Goshen in Egypt.

Jacob blessed his sons and then died.

Notes
Further reading 
 Umberto Cassuto, From Noah to Abraham. Eisenbrauns, 1984. ISBN (A scholarly Jewish commentary.)
 Isaac M. Kikawada & Arthur Quinn, Before Abraham was – The Unity of Genesis 1-11. Nashville, Tenn., 1985. (A challenge to the Documentary Hypothesis.)
 Nehama Leibowitz, New Studies in Bereshit, Genesis. Jerusalem: Hemed Press, 1995. (A scholarly Jewish commentary employing traditional sources.)
 Henry M. Morris, The Genesis Record: A Scientific and Devotional Commentary on the Book of Beginnings. Baker Books, 1981. ISBN (A creationist Christian commentary.)
 Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (now Pope Benedict XVI), In the Beginning. Edinburgh, 1995. (A Catholic understanding of the story of Creation and Fall.)
 Jean-Marc Rouvière, Brèves méditations sur la création du monde. L'Harmattan Paris, 2006.
 Nahum M. Sarna, Understanding Genesis. New York: Schocken Press, 1966. (A scholarly Jewish treatment, strong on historical perspective.)
Nahum M. Sarna, The JPS Torah Commentary: Genesis. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1989. (A mainstream Jewish commentary.)
 E. A. Speiser, Genesis, The Anchor Bible. Volume 1. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1964. (A translation with scholarly commentary and philological notes by a noted Semitic scholar. The series is written for laypeople and specialists alike.)
 Bruce Vawter, On Genesis: A New Reading. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1977. (An introduction to Genesis by a fine Catholic scholar. Genesis was Vawter's hobby.)
 Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg, The Beginning of Desire: Reflections of Genesis. New York: Doubleday, 1995. (A scholarly Jewish commentary employing traditional sources.)
Other websites

Online texts and translations of Genesis 
 Bible Gateway
 Bereshit with commentary in Hebrew 
 בראשית Bereishit - Genesis (Hebrew - English at Mechon-Mamre.org)
 Hebrew Audiobook of Genesis from Librivox
 Young's Literal Translation (YLT)
 New International Version (NIV)
 New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
 Westminster-Leningrad codex
 Aleppo Codex

Old Testament books
Creation myths
Books of the Hebrew Bible
6th-century BC books
In the Bible, Joseph was a son of Jacob. Joseph's brothers hated him, because he was their father's favorite son, and his father gave him a coat with many colours. Joseph had dreams about his brothers bowing to him. One day they decided to kill him but changed their minds. According to Genesis they sold him as a slave. In Islamic tradition they threw him in a large well that had only a little salt water but when he drank it, by the will of God, it was very sweet. A passing caravan found him and took him as a slave to Egypt.

Joseph became the slave of the chief of the Pharaoh's guards but was put in prison, where he interpreted the dreams of other prisoners. The Pharaoh heard of his power and asked for interpretations of his own dreams. Joseph became the Pharaoh's prime minister. This caused the Israelites to leave Canaan and live in Egypt. 

Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
16th-century BC births‎
16th-century BC deaths
Mary Magdalene is a woman in all four gospels of the New Testament. She became a faithful follower of Jesus after he delivered her from seven demons.
 She witnessed the crucifixion and burial of Jesus, and was the first person to see and talk with him after he arose from the dead.
 She told the apostles that she had seen him alive.

Mary is a saint in the Catholic church. She is remembered on July 22.

References

New Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
A witness is someone who sees something happen. They are often used in court to help find the truth. During a trial, the two lawyers will bring in witnesses to help back up their arguments.  

In a criminal trial, the prosecution lawyer will often bring in the victim of the crime to say what happened, and anyone else who can prove the accused person did the crime. The defense lawyer will nearly always call up the accused person to explain why they are not guilty, and bring in other witnesses who can prove the accused person is not guilty. Each time a lawyer brings in a witness, the other lawyer will cross examine the witness - they will ask them questions to make sure they are telling the truth.

Witnesses have to swear to tell the truth during the trial. If a witness lies in court, it is known as perjury, which is a crime. A witness can be subpoenad, which means they are required to testify in court. If the witness does not testify when given a subpoena, they can be punished.

Related pages
Notary
Other websites
Witness statements (UK)

Trials
Legal terms