Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Airblue Limited (styled as airblue) is a private airline. Its head office is in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's second largest airline (after Pakistan International Airlines). It has over 20% of Pakistan's market.

Airblue operates scheduled flights operating 30 daily services, linking four domestic destinations and international services to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Muscat and Manchester. It carried 1.4 million passengers on domestic flights in the 2006–2007 season. Its main hub is Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan.

The airline started its operations on June 2004. It had 3 leased Airbus A320-200 airplanes serving three daily domestic flights. In 2007, the company started flights to Manchester via a fuel stop at Trabzon in Turkey. This route is the longest route operated by an A320 family airplanes in the world. It is also the longest scheduled route operated by an Airbus narrow-body airplanes.

Other websites
 Airblue- official company website
Airlines of Asia
2004 establishments in Asia
Transport in Pakistan
Islamabad
Companies of Pakistan
The Schengen Area is an area that includes 27 European countries. All of those countries have signed the Schengen Agreement in Schengen, Luxembourg in 1985. 

The Schengen area removes passport control between its member countries.  This means travelers who go from one Schengen country to another do not clear immigration checks anymore.  Passengers go through immigration checks if they enter or exit the Schengen Area.  

The current members of the Schengen Area are Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Because Switzerland is not part of the European Economic Area, customs control in Switzerland still exists. 

At this moment, 400 million people live in the area. The territory covers 4,312,099 square kilometres.
History 
On 14 June 1985 the Schengen Agreement was signed. This happened on the boat Princess Marie-Astrid in the middle of the river Moselle. On that place, the borders of France, Germany and Luxembourg meet. Five countries signed the Agreement: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany. It was signed, but that didn't mean it was already implemented.

In 26 March 1995, all European Union members (except the United Kingdom and Ireland) signed the Agreement.  Norway and Iceland also signed the Agreement.  

On 1 May 2004, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the EU.  They signed the Schengen agreement on that same day.  They implemented the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007.

Switzerland joined the Schengen Area on 12 December 2008. Liechtenstein joined it on 19 December 2011. Croatia joined it on 1 January 2023.
Members 
Twenty-seven countries belong to the Schengen Area.  All these countries are members of the European Union, except Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.

Current
a.  EFTA states outside the EU that are associated with the Schengen activities of the EU, and where the Schengen rules apply.
b.  For overland borders and seaports; since 30 March 2008 also for airports.
c.  East Germany became part of the Federal Republic of Germany, joining Schengen, on 3 October 1990. Before this it remained outside the agreement. Despite some media reports, Heligoland is not outside Schengen; it is only outside the European Union Value Added Tax Area.
d.  Greenland and the Faroe Islands are not included in the Schengen area, although there might be relaxed checks in the Faroe Islands for flights from Scandinavia, thanks to the Nordic Passport Union, although a passport is still recommended. A Schengen visa issued by a Schengen state will not allow the holder access to either territories, only a Danish visa stamped with either "Valid for the Faroe Islands" or "Valid for Greenland", or both.
e.  However, Jan Mayen is part of the Schengen Area.
Schengen Visa 
Some nationalities need visas to visit the Schengen Area.  They only need one Schengen visa for all countries.  But they must apply at the embassy of their main destination.  The main destination is where a traveller wants to spend the longest time.  The visa officer can issue a visa for only one trip or many trips.  The officer also decides how long the visa is valid for.  The traveller needs to exit before the Schengen visa expires.  

Travellers who do not need a Schengen visa can stay for up to 90 days in a 180-day period.

Notes 

European Union
A superstition is a belief that has no logical explanation or scientific evidence. There are many superstitions believed in around the world. Many people believe superstitions to be complete nonsense while others live their lives according to superstitions such as avoiding black cats, looking for four leaf clovers and avoiding mirrors.

Related pages

 Apotropaism, a ritual to turn away evil
 Amulet, a charm against bad luck

Superstitions
Magic (paranormal)
Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 16, 1969) is an American rapper. He is best known by his stage name MC Ren. MC Ren was a member of the gangsta rap group N.W.A.

Childhood and early life
Like all N.W.A members (except Ice Cube) he was born and raised in Compton, California.

Rapping career 
He joined N.W.A after completing his senior year of high school. He was with N.W.A on all their studio and EP releases. Problems over money caused N.W.A to end. MC Ren and all the other members of N.W.A went solo. 

Using Eazy E's record label, Ruthless Records, Ren released his first album Shock of Tha Hour in 1993.

Albums 
 Shock Of Tha Hour (1993)
 The Villain In Black (1996)
 Ruthless For Life (1998)
 Reincarnated (2009)

Other websites
 Official website
 
 

Rappers from California
Gangsta rappers
1969 births
Living people
Musicians from Compton, California
Captain and Tennille were an United States pop music group. The group was a husband and wife duo. The members were Daryl "Captain" Dragon and Toni Tennille. They are based out of California. The duo is best known for the song "Love will Keep Us Together". They have many other notable hit records.

Albums 
 Love Will Keep Us Together (1975)
 Song of Joy (1976)
 Come In from the Rain (1977)
 Dream (1978)
 Make Your Move (1979)
 Keeping Our Love Warm (1980)
 More Than Dancing (1982)
 The Secret of Christmas (2007)

American pop music groups
Musical groups from California
Musical groups established in 1974
1974 establishments in California
Hurricane Ernesto was a very damaging hurricane during the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm moved across Haiti and Dominican Republic as a minor hurricane. Then, the storm moved over Florida while a tropical storm. It later struck North Carolina, when the storm was almost a hurricane. It killed eleven people. The total damage from Ernesto was $500 million (2006 USD).

2006 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in the United States
2006 in the United States
2000s in Haiti
2000s in the Dominican Republic
2000s in Florida
2000s in North Carolina
Undergraduate education is a level of education wherein a student completes their first degree. The first degree of an undergraduate degree is normally named a bachelor's degree. Therefore, for many subjects in many systems of education, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a bachelor's degree. This education usually takes place in a university. In the United States, a person starting at a university is known as undergraduate while students who have higher degrees are known as graduate students. In some other educational systems and subjects, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a master's degree, for example in some science and engineering courses in Britain and some medicine courses in Europe.

Differences in different places

Brazil 
In Brazil, it normally takes four or five years to complete an "undergraduate" degree. Students need to choose their main subjects before they join the university by taking a test named a "vestibular".
Europe 
Undergraduate degrees are not like in the United States where students have general studies during the first years and only specialize in a "major" during the last years of college. European students enroll in a specific course of studies they want to do from the start. They are expected to have received a good general education already in the secondary level in a school (like a gymnasium or lycée). In many countries they go to university at 18 or 17. The degree normally takes four or five years. After completing the first degree students can move on to doctoral studies. In many countries, the English distinction between a bachelor's and master's degree is only now being introduced by the Bologna process. This means that the old first degree would be approximately equal to a master's degree in the US or the UK.
United Kingdom 
In the United Kingdom, undergraduate normally means students studying to get a Bachelor's degree. It is also called an award. Getting a bachelor's degree normally takes three years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, it takes four years to obtain a Bachelor's degree "with honours", and five years to obtain a Scottish master's degree. Alternatively, what is known as an "ordinary degree" can be obtained in three years. Some undergraduates in England do a master's degree as their first degree in a similar manner to Scotland. The first three years are spent attaining a bachelor's degree and the last year includes research and more difficult subjects. In England, this is more common for degrees in science and engineering.
The only universities where it is possible to receive a master's degree without even attending the university beyond the award of the bachelor's degree are Oxford and Cambridge. Master's are generally awarded to Oxford and Cambridge graduates a year after they have graduated with bachelor's degrees.

Ireland 
In Ireland, undergraduate study is like in the United Kingdom. It is like this because undergraduate education was first taught the same in both countries. In Ireland, the undergraduate degree is closest to the Scottish type in the United Kingdom. They are four year undergraduate programmes.

India 
In India, it takes 3 years to complete the undergraduate course (other than engineering, law and medicine). There are two types of undergraduate courses. Arts and Science is the first one which takes 3 years to complete the courses. Another one is Engineering, this will take 4 years to complete the courses (B.E/B.TECH).
United States 
In the United States most undergraduate education is done at colleges or universities. Undergraduate education gives a bachelor's degree. This usually takes four years of study, although some courses take five years.

In the United States students in different years are often given different names:
Students in the first year are named freshmen. In many women's colleges students in the first year are not named "freshmen". They are named "first-years". This is to be more gender-neutral.
Students in the second year are named sophomores.
Students in the third year are named juniors.
Students in the fourth year are named seniors.

Some students choose to attend a community college or junior college for two years beforehand to further study at another college or university.
Most universities also offer graduate study. Some institutions (e.g. liberal-arts colleges) only give undergraduate education or only give a small number another level of education. Getting an undergraduate degrees normally needs many courses to be completed. The courses have different subjects and different levels of difficulty. The academic discipline of the most number of subjects taken is called a "major" or concentration.

Unlike in the British model, degrees in law and medicine are not offered at the undergraduate level and are completed as graduate study after earning a bachelor's degree. Neither field specifies or prefers any undergraduate major, though medicine has set prerequisite courses that must be taken before enrollment. However, nursing is taught as an undergraduate program.

References

Education
Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives (June 14, 1909 - April 14, 1995) was an American actor and folk singer. He was born in Hunt City, Illinois. He acted on stage and in many movies. He was a folk music singer. He died from mouth cancer in Anacortes, Washington.

Related pages
List of country musicians from Illinois

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Writers from Illinois
American autobiographers
American folk musicians
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Illinois
1909 births
1995 deaths
Country musicians from Illinois
The UPC Tirol Liga (also called Tiroler Landesliga or Tiroler Liga) is the highest class in Tyrolian football; it is the 4th division in Austrian man football league system. The champion is qualified for the Regionalliga West, the last to teams are relegated in the Landesliga West or Ost. The league is named after the main sponsor, an Austrian telecommunication provider.

2010/11 season
Champion SV Hall
Relegation:SK Jenbach; SK Hippach
Scorers:
Wolfgang Spanring SC Kundl 30 goals 
Marco Hesina SV Hall 23 goals
Stefan Klausner  SV Matrei 21 goals

References

Football leagues in Austria
Thixotropy is the property of certain gels or fluids that are viscous (thick) under normal conditions, but flow (become thin, less viscous) when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed.

In more technical language:
some Non-Newtonian fluids show a change in viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes shear stress, the lower its viscosity.  A thixotropic fluid is a fluid which takes a finite time to attain equilibrium viscosity when introduced to a step change in shear rate. Many gels and colloids are thixotropic materials, exhibiting a stable form at rest but becoming fluid when agitated. 

Some fluids are anti-thixotropic: constant shear stress for a time causes an increase in viscosity or even solidification. Constant shear stress can be applied by shaking or mixing. They are much less common.

Natural examples
It is a common experience walking on sand that in places it liquifies as one walks on it. This is a thixotropic response to pressure. In extremes, a quicksand may be danger to people and animals.
Some clays are thixotropic, and their behaviour is of great importance in structural and geotechnical engineering. Landslides, such as those common in the cliffs around Lyme Regis, Dorset and in the Aberfan disaster in Wales are evidence of this. Similarly, a lahar is a mass of earth liquefied by a volcanic event, which rapidly solidifies once coming to rest. 

Drilling muds used in geotechnical applications can be thixotropic. Honey from honey bees may also exhibit this property under certain conditions.(Heather honey). 

Another example of a thixotropic fluid is the synovial fluid found in joints between some bones.

Some clay deposits found in the process of exploring caves exhibit thixotropism: an initially solid-seeming mudbank will turn soupy and yield up moisture when dug into or otherwise disturbed. These clays were deposited in the past by low-velocity streams which tend to deposit fine-grained sediment.
These properties are often used in commercial products which are applied to surfaces, such as paint or toothpaste. With paint, the fluidity vanishes quickly and the surface sets permanently as water (or oil) evaporates.

References 

Fluid mechanics
Materials science
Super Mario 3D Land is a 2011 game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. It was released on November 3, 2011 in Japan, November 13, 2011 in America, November 18 in Europe, and November 24 in Australia. In it, you can become Tanooki Mario, Boomerang Mario and you can also get the old power-ups (Super Mushroom, Fire Flower, Super Star). A sequel, titled Super Mario 3D World, was released for the Wii U in November 2013.

Reviews

The game got praise from many critics. It was rated 9.5 out of 10 by IGN, and 94% by Official Nintendo Magazine, but GameSpot gave the game a lower score of 8/10. Overall, the game received a 90/100 on Metacritic.

References

Other websites
http://ie.faqs.ign.com/objects/099/099437.html
Super Mario 3D Land Review - IGN. .

2011 video games
Mario platform games
Nintendo 3DS games
3D platform games
Mario video games
Nintendo video games
Platform games
Video games developed in Japan
Coke is a fuel used mainly in blast furnaces to reduce iron oxide to produce iron. It contains carbon, and is similar to coal. It is made from coal by cooking out things that are not carbon. Coke is a product of destructive distillation of coal. This is done in an airless furnace or oven (kiln) at temperatures as high as  but usually around . This baking drives off volatile parts of the coal, such as water, gas, and tar.

Coke is an almost pure form of carbon. The calorific value (heat energy produced when a fuel is burnt) of coke is about 56,000 kilojoules/kilogram.

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.  The carbon monoxide produced by its combustion reduces iron oxide (hematite) to the iron product.
Although coke is more expensive than coal, it can be used in households as a clean fuel, relatively free of smoke and impurities. At the present day its use in domestic heating has been less than oil or gas, but in the 20th century it was often used in kitchen stoves.

References 

Fuel
Pope Urban V (; 1310 – December 19, 1370), born Guillaume Grimoard, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 201st Pope from 1362 until his death in 1370.

He was the sixth of the seven popes who lived in Avignon in France.

Early life
Grimoard was born in Grizac in the Languedoc region of France.

Benedictine
He became a Benedictine monk; and he was ordained at Chirac.  

Grimoard became the abbot of Saint-Victor in Marseille.

Cardinal
He was not a cardinal. There were several Popes who were not Cardinals. Some of these were Pope Urban IV and Pope Urban VI.

Pope 
Grimoard was elected pope on September 28, 1362; and he chose to be called Pope Urban.  

Pope Urban was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

In 1367, the pope traveled from Avignon to Rome. He returned to Avignon in where he died in 1370.

After his death 
In 1870, Urban V  was beatified by Pope Pius IX.

Related pages 
 List of popes
 Avignon Papacy

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,   Pope Urban V
 GCatholic,  Pope Urban V

1310 births
1370 deaths
Beatified people
Benedictines
French popes

People from Lozère
Overview
Many SAWs (such as the RPK and L86) are just assault rifles or battle rifles that have been changed. They may be able to carry more ammunition and will almost always have a bipod. In the case of some assault rifles, such as the H&K G36 or Steyr AUG, the SAW is simply the usual rifle with a few parts changed. However, the Austrian Army, who uses the most Steyr AUGs, doesn't use the HBAR (heavy barrel) version of the assault rifle. Instead, they use the MG 74, which is a gun which was made from the design of the German WW2-machine gun MG 42. One of the first weapons designed for this role was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle. Even though it could not carry many bullets in its magazine, it was still better than the usual infantry rifle.

Examples

Assault rifles 
HK 13E
QBB-95
RPK
INSAS LMG

Battle rifles 
FN FALO 50.41
HK 11E
M1941 Johnson machine gun
Model 45A
M1946 Sieg automatic rifle

Related pages
 Light machine gun
 Heavy machine gun
 General-purpose machine gun

Other websites
Other websites 

Light machine guns
In mathematics, the word sign refers to the property of being positive or negative.  Every real number that is non-zero is either positive or negative, and therefore has a sign.  Zero itself is without a sign, or signless.  In addition to putting signs into real numbers, the word sign is used throughout mathematics to indicate parts of mathematical objects that mean positivity and negativity. Usually, if numbers are seen without a sign, they are seen as a positive number. Otherwise, a minus sign "" is appended before the number to indicate that the number is a negative of another number.

The word sign is also sometimes used to refer to various mathematical signs, such as the plus and minus signs and the multiplication sign.

Sign of a number 
A real number is said to be positive if it is greater than zero, and negative if it is less than zero.  The attribute of being positive or negative is called the sign of the number.  Zero itself is not considered to have a sign.
In arithmetic, the sign of a number is often denoted by placing a plus or minus sign before the number.  For example, +3 would denote a positive 3, and −3 would denote a negative 3.  When no plus or minus sign is given, the main way of seeing it is that a number is positive.

The sign of any number that is not zero can be changed to positive using the absolute value function.  For example, the absolute value of −3 and the absolute value of 3 are both equal to 3.  In symbols, this would be written as |−3| = 3 and |3| = 3.

Sign of zero 
The number zero is neither positive nor negative, and therefore has no sign.  In arithmetic, +0 and −0 both mean the same number 0.
Meanings of signs 
Because zero is neither positive nor negative, the following are sometimes used to refer to the sign of an unknown number:
 A number is positive if it is greater than zero.
 A number is negative if it is less than zero.
 A number is non-negative if it is greater than or equal to zero.
 A number is non-positive if it is less than or equal to zero.
Thus a non-negative number is either positive or zero, while a non-positive number is either negative or zero.  For example, the absolute value of a real number is always non-negative, but is not necessarily positive.

The same definition is sometimes used for functions that take real or integer values.  For example, a function would be called positive if all of its values are positive, or non-negative if all of its values are non-negative.

Sign of an angle
Sign of an angle 

In many texts, it is common to see a sign together with the measure of an angle, particularly a located angle or an angle of rotation.  In such a situation, the sign says whether the angle is in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction.  Though different conventions can be used, it is common in mathematics to have counterclockwise angles count as positive, and clockwise angles count as negative.

It is also possible to put a sign to an angle of rotation in three dimensions, assuming the axis of rotation has been oriented.  Specifically, a right-handed turn around an axis usually counts as positive, while a left-handed rotation counts as negative.

Sign of a direction 
In arithmetic and physics, it is common to label certain directions as positive or negative.  For a basic example, the number line is usually drawn with positive numbers to the right, and negative numbers to the left:
On the Cartesian plane, the rightward and upward directions are usually thought of as positive, with rightward being the positive x-direction, and upward being the positive y-direction.

Other meanings 

In addition to the sign of a real number, the word sign is also used in various related ways throughout mathematics and other sciences:
 In graph theory, a signed graph is a graph in which each edge has been marked with a positive or negative sign.
 In physics, any electric charge comes with a sign, either positive or negative.  By general rules, a positive charge is a charge with the same sign as that of a proton, and a negative charge is a charge with the same sign as that of an electron.

Related pages 

 List of mathematical symbols

References 

Numbers
A coordinate system is a system of numbers used to uniquely determine the position of a point. For two-dimensional systems, the numbers (scalars) are in ordered pairs. More dimensions call for more numbers.

Related pages
 Analytic geometry
 Cartesian coordinate system
 Celestial coordinate system
 Polar coordinate system
 Spherical coordinate system

Coordinate systems
Bonnie Bedelia Culkin, better known as Bonnie Bedelia (born March 25, 1948 in New York City), is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Holly Gennero in the first two Die Hard movies. She has acted in other movies as well. She is the aunt of Home Alone actor Macaulay Culkin.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1948 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Impetigo is a very contagious bacterial skin infection. It is most common in pre-school children. People who play close-contact sports like rugby and American football are also at risk. Impetigo is not very common in adults. Impetigo can also be called school sores.

References 

Skin problems
Protopunk is a term used to describe the precursors of punk rock.  Many of the artists whose sound helped pave the way for punk came from the 1960s and early 1970s.  Some have been cited by early punk musicians as influential.  These artists came from many different musical backgrounds.

Bands
Below is a list of notable bands who influenced early punk rock.
Peru
 Los Saicos
United States
 The Velvet Underground
 MC5
 The Stooges
 The Modern Lovers
 The Sonics
 New York Dolls
 Lou Reed
 Television
 Death
 Captain Beefheart
 Patti Smith
 Richard Hell
 Rocket from the Tombs
 Love
Germany
 Neu!
Britain
 David Bowie
 The Kinks
 The Who
 Roxy Music
 Doctors of Madness
 Hawkwind

References

Rock music
Punk rock
Jennifer Jason Leigh (born February 5, 1962) is an American movie and stage actress. She is best known for her roles in Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Single White Female, Last Exit to Brooklyn, Georgia, Kill Your Darlings, Short Cuts and The Hateful Eight.  She has had many roles in which she portrays vulnerable, abused and damaged women in her movies.

For the movie Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle, Leigh got a Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress.

Leigh was born in Hollywood, California. Her Father Was Legendary Actor Vic Morrow.

References

1962 births
Living people
American movie actors
Actors from Hollywood

3. Jennifer Jason Leigh. Height Net Worth. Retrieved Dic 3, 2020.
The locative (abbreviated LOC) is a grammatical case. It indicates the location (place, place where) of something. It corresponds roughly to the English prepositions ""in", "on", "at" and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and separative case.

Grammar
The Exxon Valdez oil spill was a shipping accident that happened off the coast of the United States on March 24, 1989. An oil tanker, the Exxon Valdez, hit a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the time of the disaster, the ship carried 53,094,510 U.S. gallons (44,210,430 imp gal/200,984,600 L) of crude oil. The accident caused a massive oil spill: 10.8 million U.S. gallons (9.0 million imp gal/41 million L) were spilled into the Prince William Sound. It was one of the worst man-made environmental disasters in the history of the United States.
The ship had left the shipping lanes because of icebergs. The ship never returned to the shipping lane and hit Bligh Reef at around 12:04 AM. Later, people looked at the causes, and found that the people on board were badly trained and overworked. What made things worse was the fact that the government was not prepared to handle a disaster with such large consequences for the environment. This disaster badly damaged the ecosystems of the area. An estimated 21,300 fish died after being poisoned by the crude oil. The birds that ate the fish got sick.

Some of the methods tried to clean up the oil were: burning, mechanical cleaning, and chemical dispersants.

References 

1989 disasters
1989 in the United States
20th century in Alaska
Transport disasters in the United States
Pope Urban VI (; c. 1318 – October 15, 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 203rd Pope from 1378 to 1389.

Early life
Prignano was born in Naples.

Bishop
In 1364, Prignano was made the Archbishop of Acerenza by Pope Urban V.

Pope Gregory XI made Prignano Archbishop of Bari in 1377.

Cardinal
He was not a cardinal. There were several Popes who were not Cardinals.  One of these was Pope Urban V.

Pope
Prignano was elected pope on April 8, 1378; and he chose to be called Pope Urban VI.

Western schism
A period called the "Western Schism" began on 20 September 20, 1378 when Robert of Geneva (also known as Clement VII) was chosen pope by 13 French cardinals.  Clement VII is now considered to have been an antipope. 

A large part of Germany, Flanders, Italy (with exception of Naples), England and Ireland recognized Urban VI as the pope; but many in Western Europe supported the papacy of Clement VII.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites
Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Urban VI
 GCatholic,  Pope Urban VI

Italian popes
1310s births
1389 deaths
Religious leaders from Naples
Webster was an American television sitcom which began in September 1983 and aired until March 1989 (the show aired to 1987 on ABC, and in syndication for the rest of its run). It was about an orphaned African American boy by the name of Webster who had lost his parents and was then adopted by a white family. The show Webster was set in Chicago.

1980s television series
American sitcoms
First run syndicated television programs
Television series set in Chicago
English-language television programs
Rocca Petru (28 September 1887 – 7 June 1966) was a poet and writer from Corsica, who wanted his island free from France. At first, he supported the Corsica becoming a part of Italy, but then promoted the autonomy of Corsica after World War II.

Life
Rocca, called Petru in Corsican, was a gifted writer since young age. He contributed in Corsica to the magazine A Tramuntana. During World War I, he wrote about the war and was decorated with the French Legion of Honor.

From May 1920, Rocca worked with the literary magazine A Muvra. During the first half of the 20th century, this was the most important Corsican publication in Italian. In 1922 he created the "Partitu Corsu d'Azione", following the model of the Italian Partito Sardo d'Azione of Sardinia that had autonomism ideals.

After that, in the late 1920s, he created the "Partito autonomista di Corsica" with the support of Domenico Parlotti and Dr. Croce, director of the Archivi di Stato della Corsica.
During the late 1930s Rocca, slowly changed his political opinions from wanting autonomy for Corsica to supporting the union of Corsica with Italy. He supported the ideals of Petru Giovacchini, an irredentist leader who created the main pro-Italian political organization in Corsica: the "Gruppi d’Azione Irredentista Corsa".

In 1938, the French government punished him for his approach to the Italian Risorgimento ideals. They took away his French Legion of Honor medal. A Muvra started in 1939 to write articles against the Jews (responsible in Rocca's opinion for the French "occupation" of Corsica) and was quickly closed.

During World War II, Rocca supported Benito Mussolini's ideals about the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy. When Italian troops occupied the island in 1942, Rocca was proposed to be "Governor" of a Corsica united to Italy. After the Italian defeat in September 1943, he was harassed by the French authorities.
As a consequence of this in 1946 he was sentenced to 15 years of jail and sent to French Guiana. When released, he quickly recreated his original "Partito autonomista di Corsica".

In 1953, Rocca created an academy for the defense of the Corsican language. He demanded from France the recognition of the Corsican people and language and the creation of the University of Corte. Rocca was, until his death in 1966, a strong supporter of Corsican nationalism.

Works
 Les corses devant l'anthropologie, 1913
 Pruverbii, massime è detti corsi, 1921
 A pignatta, cumedia di Plautu, 1924
 Storia populare di Corsica, 1930
 Una Vittoria Autonomista. L'Assemblea di i "Stati Generali di Corsica, 1934
 Quaderni di u Cursismu, 1935
 Parlà d'Aghjacciu, puesii, 1955
 Tempi è tempi, 1963

Related pages
 Corsica
 World War II

References

French poets
1966 deaths
1887 births
People from Corse-du-Sud
Pope Urban VII (; 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 229th Pope. He ruled for thirteen days in September 1590, and died before his consecration, from malaria. This makes him the shortest reigning Pope in the history of the Catholic Church.

Early life
Castagna was of Genoese origin, although born in Rome.

Priest
Castagna was ordained priest 30 March 30, 1553.

Bishop
Pope Julius III appointed him Archbishop of Rossano on March 1, 1553.

Cardinal
In 1584, Pope Gregory XIII made Castagna Cardinal of S. Marcello.

Pope 
Cardinal Castagna was elected pope on 15 September 1590. He chose the name Urban, which in Latin signifies "kind".  

Pope Urban died from Malaria on September 27, 1590.

Related pages
 List of popes
 List of popes by length of reign

References

Other websites

 

  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Urban VII
 GCatholic,  Pope Urban VII
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Castagna
Italian popes
People from Rome
1521 births
1590 deaths
Eden Sher is an actress who is on the television show, The Middle. She began acting at the age of eight. She was born on December 26, 1991 in Los Angeles, California.

Other websites 

American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1991 births
Living people
Harold Robinson Bruno, Jr. (1928-2011) was an American political commentator and journalist.

He graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1950. He worked on its college newspaper with Robert Novak and Gene Shalit. He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Army during the Korean War. Bruno received a Fulbright fellowship to study in India.

In 1959, Bruno covered the Cuban revolution from Havana.  He joined Newsweek magazine in 1960. He joined ABC News in 1978. In 1992, Bruno was political director of ABC News when he moderated a televised debate between the three candidates for Vice President: Al Gore, Dan Quayle, and James Stockdale.

After retiring from ABC News in 1999, Bruno became chairman of the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation until 2008.  He died of atrial arrhythmia.

References
References

1928 births
2011 deaths
American journalists
American political commentators
American military personnel of the Korean War
Writers from Chicago
Deaths from cardiac arrhythmia
Military people from Chicago
Atticus Shaffer (born June 19, 1998) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Matty Newton in the 2009 supernatural horror-thriller movie The Unborn and Brick Heck  on the television series, The Middle. He was born in Santa Clarita, California.

Other websites 

American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
1998 births
Living people
Deep Space may refer to:

 Empty regions of the universe in outer space
 Deep Space (movie), a 1988 horror sci-fi movie
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, a science fiction television series
 Deep Space Network, international network of satellite ground stations
 Deep Space, a video game company and subsidiary of Sony Computer Entertainment Japan
Gunning Bedford, Jr. (1747 – March 30, 1812) was an American lawyer and politician. He was from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was in the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785. He helped the rights of small states. Bedford was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  

1747 births
1812 deaths
Politicians from Philadelphia
Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
FC Lustenau 07 is an football club from Lustenau, Vorarlberg in Austria. They play in the Vorarlbergliga, the highest level in Vorarlberg. The club is the oldest football club in Vorarlberg.

History
The roots of the club laid in the Turnverein Lustenau. Many of the young members of the club played football. After discussions the football section left the club and formed on 20 September 1907 at the Gasthof zur Sonne the FC Lustenau. Many of the clubs in Vorarlberg were founded with the help of players of FC Lustenau(for example FC Dornbirn 1913 and the second club from Lustenau SC Austria Lustenau ). 

During the First World War there was no football in Vorarlberg. But after the war many new clubs were found. So the FC Lustenau was interested in forming a football association, which was formed in 1920.

The most important player of FC Lustenau before the Second World War was Ernst Künz.He played in the 1936 Olympic football team of Austria. The team won the silver medal.
During the Second World war there was again no football in Vorarlberg. But 1945 the team started again under the name FC Rapid Lustenau. In 1947 they got their old name FC Lustenau 07 back. In 2000 the club was promoted to the Austrian First League. 2004 they were relegated. In the 2005/06 season they won the Regionalliga West with 27 wins, 3 draws and 0 lost (104:22 goals). Till the 2012-13 season they played in the Austrian First League. Due to financial problems the club played the next season in Vorarlberg 2. Landesklasse  (Level 7). Till the 2019-20 season they reached the Vorarlbergliga (Level 4) the highest level in Vorarlberg football.

Current squad 
as on December 17th, 2021
Goalkeepers
Gerd Küng
Klaus Mendes
Noah Küng
Defenders
Markus König
Luca Hollenstein	
Lukas Thurnher		
Maximilian König		
Alex Asiu	
Moritz Beck	
Noel-Joshua König		
Simon Häfele	
Alin Mutu	
Midfielders
Okan Öner	
Mikail Can	
Ajdin Celes	
Luis Bösch	
Elias Jonach	
Moritz Hollenstein	
Mark Vogel		
Vincent Scheffknecht	
Simon Grabherr	
Jakob Bösch	
Harun Erbek	
Kemal Duran		
Markus Blank	
Forwards
Johannes Giselbrecht	
Igor Marjanovic	
Linus Hämmerle

Honors
 Austrian Amateur Championship runner-up: 1929, 1937
 Vorarlberg Champions: 1918, 1921–27, 1929, 1931–36, 1939
 Vorarlberg Cup: 1925, 1927, 1934, 1935, 1938, 1946 (als SC Rapid Lustenau), 1994, 2000, 2001, 2021
 Bodensee-Champion: 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913
 Champion Arlbergliga: 1958, 1959
 Champion Vorarlbergliga: 1995
 Champion Regionalliga West: 2000, 2001, 2006

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Vorarlberg
Anthony Joseph Foyt, Jr. (born January 16, 1935) is an American racecar driver. He was a four-time Indianapolis 500 winner.  He also won at the Daytona 500.

Early life
Foyt was born in Houston, Texas.  He attended Pershing and Hamilton middle schools and Lamar, San Jacinto and St. Thomas Catholic high schools, but he dropped out to become a mechanic.

References

Other websites 

Official team owner website

NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Houston
1935 births
Living people
Estée Lauder, (July 1, 1908 - April 24, 2004), was an American businesswoman. She was the co-founder of the cosmetics company named after her, Estée Lauder. In 1998, she was be the only woman on TIME magazine's list of the 20 most influential business geniuses of the 20th century. Lauder died on April 24, 2004 at age 95.

Businesspeople from New York City
1908 births
2004 deaths
Evans Blue is a Canadian alternative rock band from Toronto, Ontario. Evans Blue has five members in the band; the current band members are Dan Chandler, Parker Lauzon, Vlad Tanaskovic, Joe Pitter and Mike McClure.

Band members 

Current
Dan Chandler - vocals (2009–present)
Parker Lauzon - rhythm guitar (2005–present)
Vlad Tanaskovic - lead guitar (2005–present)
Joe Pitter - bass (2005–present)
Mike McClure - drums (2011–present)

Former
Darryl Brown - drums (2005–2006)
Danny D - drums (2006)
Kevin Matisyn - vocals (2005–2008)
Howard Davis - drums (2007–2011)

Discography 
So far as of 2011, Evans Blue has released 3 Studio albums:

Albums
The Melody and the Energetic Nature of Volume (2006)
The Pursuit Begins When This Portrayal of Life Ends (2007)
Evans Blue (2009)
Graveyard of Empires  (2012)

References

Other websites 
Official website

Alternative rock bands
Canadian hard rock bands
Canadian rock bands
Canadian heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 2005
2005 establishments in Canada
In the Realm of the Senses is a romantic movie which was released during 1976 in certain countries, 1977 in others. The movie is a fictional tale of sexually explicit adult behavior in 1930s Japan. This motion picture caused extremely huge controversy when it was released. Certain countries wouldn't even show the movie. Moreover, it was not available for home video until around 1990. It was originally rated X, though the rating was later converted into NC-17 in 1991.

Cast
 Eiko Matsuda as Sada Abe
 Tatsuya Fuji as Kichizo Ishida
 Aoi Nakajima as Toku
 Yasuko Matsui as Tagawa Inn manager
 Meika Seri as Matsuko
 Kanae Kobayashi as Old geisha Kikuryû
 Taiji Tonoyama as Old beggar
 Kyôji Kokonoe as Teacher Ômiya
 Naomi Shiraishi as Geisha Yaeji
 Komikichi Hori as Mitsuwa Geisha

1976 romance movies
1970s erotic movies
Japanese romance movies
French romance movies
Movies directed by Nagisa Oshima
Obscenity
1970s independent movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in Tokyo
A colloid is a mixture of one substance spread out evenly inside another substance. They can be in two different phases or states of matter. 

One substance is the dispersion medium, such as water or gas. The other is the dispersed medium, sometimes called the 'internal phase'. This is usually tiny solid particles. Otherwise, if the dispersion medium is a gas, then the internal phase can be either tiny particles or tiny droplets of a liquid.

Definition: A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance. The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter between about 5 and 200 nanometers.
Examples: 
Milk is an emulsion, which is a colloid in which both parties are liquids.
Shaving cream and whipped cream are colloids of gas inside a liquid.
Gels, such as agar, jelly or even opals, are colloids of liquids inside solids.
Styrofoam and pumice are gases inside solids.
The red colour of cranberry glass is caused by the reflection of light off gold particles in the glass. The glass is a colloid of solid particles inside the solid glass.
Mud is usually considered a suspension because the dirt will settle, but it may be a partial colloid, particularly with very fine-grained clay.
Fog is a complex mixture in which air has both water droplets and solid particles. It may be colloidal in parts.

References 

Materials
Physical chemistry
Five Finger Death Punch is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. Five Finger Death Punch has five members in the band; the current band members are Zoltan Bathory, Jason Hook, Chris Kael, Ivan Moody and Jeremy Spencer.

Band members 

Current
Zoltan Bathory – guitars (since 2005)
Jason Hook – guitars, backing vocals (since 2009)
Chris Kael – bass, backing vocals (since 2011)
Ivan Moody – vocals (since 2006)
Jeremy Spencer – drums (since 2005)

Former
Caleb Bingham – guitars (2006)
Darrell Roberts – guitars, backing vocals (2006–2009)
Matt Snell – bass, backing vocals (2006–2010)

Discography 
So far as of 2011, Five Finger Death Punch has released 4 Studio albums:

Albums
The Way of the Fist (2007)
War Is the Answer (2009)
American Capitalist (2011)
The Wrong Side Of Heaven And The Righteous Side Of Hell Vol. 1 (2013)
The Wrong Side Of Heaven And The Righteous Side Of Hell Vol. 2 (2013)
Got Your Six (2015)
And Justice for None (2018)
F8 (2020)
AfterLife (2022)

References
References

Other websites 
Official website

American heavy metal bands
Nu metal bands
Alternative metal bands
Hard rock bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
A sol is a colloidal suspension of very small solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. They can be quite stable; examples include blood, pigmented ink, and paint.

Sols can change into viscosity quickly if they are thixotropic. Examples include quicksands and paint, both of which become more fluid under pressure.

Materials
One Direction, also referred to as 1D are an English and Irish boy band. It began with Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson. They finished third on the seventh series of The X Factor. They each auditioned for The X Factor separately. Nicole Scherzinger put them together in 2010 because She thought they were too good to lose.

Songs 
"What Makes You Beautiful" was One Direction's first single. After being signed to Syco Music, the group recorded their first album Up All Night. Hits on the album include "One Thing" and "Gotta Be You." It was third in the charts. They have been very successful since. They tour to places around the world such as Europe, Australia, Asia, and the Americas.
The group released a second album in November 2012, called Take Me Home. It includes the singles "Little Things", "Live While We're Young" and "Kiss You". The group released their third album, Midnight Memories, in late November 2013. It includes the singles "Story of My Life", "Best Song Ever", "Midnight Memories", and "You & I" Their fourth album, Four, was released in November 2014. This album includes the singles "Steal My Girl" and "Night Changes". Their fifth album, Made in the A.M., was released in November 2015. It includes the singles "Drag Me Down", "Perfect" and "History".

On 29 August 2013, their movie This Is Us was released.

In April 2014, One Direction started their stadium world tour titled "Where We Are." 5 Seconds of Summer opened for them during the tour.

On 25 March 2015, Zayn Malik left the band.
In January 2016, the band said they would be taking a temporary break. It was expected to last around 18 months, but due to the members pursuing solo careers, they will be reuniting later than promised.

Awards and recognition 
One Direction have won 7 Brit awards, 7 American Music Awards and 28 Teen Choice Awards. The band also has a lot of award nominations.

Members 
Zayn Malik left the band on 25 March 2015. The group decided not to replace him, but continued as a four piece band.

Current

 Niall Horan
 Liam Payne
 Louis Tomlinson
 Harry Styles

Former 
 Zayn Malik (2010–2015)

References 

2010 establishments in England
2010s British music groups
Brit Award winners
British boy bands
British pop music groups
 
The X Factor contestants
Musical groups established in 2010
Musical groups from London
Musical quintets
Musical quartets
Lyme Regis is a coastal town in West Dorset, England, 25 miles west of Dorchester and  east of Exeter. The town lies in Lyme Bay, on the English Channel coast at the Dorset-Devon border. It is nicknamed 'The Pearl of Dorset'.

The town is noted for the fossils found in the cliffs and beaches, which are part of the Jurassic Coast–a World Heritage Site. The harbour wall, "The Cobb", features in Jane Austen's novel Persuasion, and in the movie and novel, The French Lieutenant's Woman,  by local writer John Fowles.

When people were counted in the town's most recent census in 2001, the population was 4,406. 45% of the town's population were retired people.

Geology 

The town is noted for the fossils found in the cliffs and beaches, which are part of the Jurassic Coast–a World Heritage Site. The Jurassic Coast stretches over a distance of .
The coastal exposures along the coastline provide a continuous sequence of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous rock formations spanning approximately 185 million years of the Earth's history. The localities along the Jurassic Coast include some important fossil zones.
The Blue Lias rock is host to a multitude of remains from the early Jurassic, a time from which good fossil records are rare. Many of the remains are well preserved, with complete specimens of several important species. Many of the earliest discoveries of dinosaur and other prehistoric reptile remains were made in the area surrounding Lyme Regis, notably those discovered by Mary Anning (1799–1847). Significant finds include Ichthyosaur, Plesiosaur, Dimorphodon, Scelidosaurus, one of the first armoured (Thyreophora) dinosaurs. The town now holds an annual Mary Anning Day and Lyme Regis Fossil Festival. A fossil of the world's largest moth was discovered in 1966 at Lyme Regis.

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