Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
References 

2006 movies
American animated movies
American adventure movies
Movies based on books
2006 adventure movies
Curious George is the main character of a series of popular children's books by the same name. It was written by Hans Augusto Rey and Margret Rey. The books feature a curious brown monkey named George, who is brought from his home in Africa by "The Man with The Yellow Hat" to live with him in a big city.

American children's books
1940s books
Monkeys
Hans Augusto Rey (September 16, 1898 – August 26, 1977) was an illustrator and a writer. He was best known for the Curious George series of children's picture books that he and his wife Margret Rey created from 1939 to 1966.

References

1898 births
1977 deaths
German children's writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Hamburg
Margret Elizabeth Rey (May 16, 1906 – December 21, 1996) was a German-American writer and illustrator of Jewish descent. 

She was known best for the Curious George series of children's picture books that she and her husband H. A. Rey created from 1939 to 1966.  She met her husband Hans Augusto Rey in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil while attempting to escape Nazism.

References

1906 births
1996 deaths
American illustrators
Jewish American writers
Jewish German writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Hamburg
Refugees from Nazism
Writers from Massachusetts
Curious George is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey, and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1941. It is the first book in the Curious George series and tells the story of a monkey called George and his adventures with the Man with the Yellow Hat.

References

American children's books
1941 books
Ed O'Ross (born July 4, 1946) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Itchy in Dick Tracy, ruthless Georgian mobster Viktor Rostavili in Red Heat, and tough-then-alien-possessed police detective Cliff Willis in The Hidden.

O'Ross was born Edward Oross in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,

References

Other websites

 
 

1946 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh
Michael Joseph Kelly (born May 22, 1969) is an American actor. 

He is best known for his roles in movies such as Changeling, Dawn Of The Dead, Law Abiding Citizen, The Adjustment Bureau, and Chronicle, Now You See Me. He also appeared in the television miniseries Generation Kill and the Criminal Minds spin-off series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior. 

He currently plays Doug Stamper in the American adaptation of House of Cards.

References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Philadelphia
Carla Gugino (born August 29, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in Spy Kids, Sin City,
Race to Witch Mountain, San Andreas, Watchmen, Son in Law, and Night at the Museum.

References

Other websites

 
 

1971 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Sarasota, Florida
American Gigolo is a 1980 American crime drama movie. It is about a male escort in Los Angeles whose job pays for expensive cars, cocaine and clothing. Richard Gere plays Julian. Lauren Hutton plays Michelle.

This movie was released on February 8, 1980.

1980 crime drama movies
1980s erotic movies
1980s American crime drama movies
American erotic movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in Los Angeles
Murder in movies
Narcissism in fiction
1980 mystery movies
American mystery movies
American romance movies
American thriller movies
Movies about sexuality
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Paul Schrader
Lena Olin (born 22 March 1955) is a Swedish actress. She played Josephine in Chocolat. She also played Ruby in Hollywood Homicide.

Olin was born in Stockholm.

References

Other websites 

Swedish television actors
Swedish movie actors
1955 births
Living people
The Unbearable Lightness of Being is a 1988 American erotic romantic drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. The movie is set in 1968 in Prague and Switzerland. Daniel Day-Lewis plays brain surgeon Tomas. Lena Olin plays Sabina. Juliette Binoche plays Tereza.

This movie was released in February 1988.

1980s erotic movies
1988 romantic drama movies
American erotic movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Prague
Swiss culture
Movies directed by Philip Kaufman
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in the Czech Republic
Movies set in the 1960s
La Grande is a city in Union County, Oregon. It was originally named "Brownsville," it was forced to change its name due to that name already being used for a city in Linn County. The population was 13,082 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Union County.

References

Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Maps to the Stars is a 2014 satirical and drama movie. This movie is about two former child stars and about the relationship of the entertainment industry with western civilization as a whole. Havana is played by Julianne Moore. Dr. Stafford is played by John Cusack.

The movie received mostly positive reviews from critics, and performances from the cast were praised. It was released in May 2014.

Canadian drama movies
2014 drama movies
Pendleton is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon. The population was 16,612 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Umatilla County.

Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Leonard Sharp (May 7, 1924 – December 12, 2016) was an American World War II veteran and notorious drug courier, or "mule". He transported drugs, mostly cocaine, across the United States, mostly to and from the southern US border and Detroit, Michigan. He allegedly transported more than 1,000 pounds of cocaine during his years of dealing.

Notoriety 
He widely considered by the Sinola cartel and DEA authorities as an urban legend in Detroit until his arrest in 2013. He pleaded not guilty in October 2013 and was sentenced to three years in prison in May 2014. Sharp was the oldest drug mule in the World. He was released from prison in 2015 due to poor health.

Personal life 
Sharp was born in Michigan City, Indiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. He fought in World War II and received a Bronze Star Medal for his service. 

Sharp had dementia. He died of the natural causes related to the disease on December 12, 2016 in Michigan at the age of 92.
The 2018 movie The Mule is based on Sharp's life, with Clint Eastwood playing "Earl Stone" (based on Sharp).

References

Other websites
 Drug mule, 90, gets 3 years for hauling cocaine, seeks to delay imprisonment

1924 births
2016 deaths
American people of World War II
Criminals from Indiana
Criminals from Michigan
American drug dealers
People from Detroit
Peter Claver Cullen (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is known for making the voice of Optimus Prime in the Transformers television series and in the four movies of the Transformers movie series. He is also known for making the voice of Eeyore in Winnie the Pooh.

Filmography

Television

Film

Video games

References

Other websites
 
 

1941 births
Living people
Actors from Montreal
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Alice Pung (born 1981) is an Australian writer, editor, lawyer and educator. She is best known for writing the memoir Unpolished Gem and editing the anthology Growing Up Asian in Australia.

Pung was born in Footscray, Victoria and raised in Braybrook. Her parents were Taiwanese immigrants living in Cambodia. They fled to Australia during Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge regime in 1980. She was born one month after the event. She is the oldest of four siblings.

References

Other websites 
 

1981 births
Living people
Australian educators
Australian lawyers
Australian novelists
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
Tidal locking (or captured rotation) is when one side of an astronomical body always faces another. It is also called synchronous rotation. The classic example is the Moon: the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. 

A tidally locked body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner. This makes one hemisphere constantly face the partner body. Usually, at any given time only the satellite is tidally locked around the larger body. If the two bodies are similar in mass, and their distance apart is small, the tidal force will lock each to the other. This is the case between Pluto and Charon. 

If the Moon were not spinning at all, it would alternately show its near and far sides to Earth, while moving around Earth in orbit.
It is possible to work out how long it takes for a particular case of tidal locking to occur. It is just a rough estimate, because some factors are poorly known. An example is the rigidity of a planetary body and its change in shape under tidal force. Tidal locking is an aspect of orbital resonance.

List of known tidally locked bodies

Solar System 
Locked to the Earth
 Moon

Locked to Mars
 Phobos
 Deimos

Locked to Jupiter
 Metis
 Adrastea
 Amalthea
 Thebe
 Io
 Europa
 Ganymede
 Callisto

Locked to Saturn
 Ymir

 Pan
 Atlas
 Prometheus
 Pandora
 Epimetheus
 Janus
 Mimas
 Enceladus
 Telesto
 Tethys
 Calypso
 Dione
 Rhea
 Titan
 Iapetus

Locked to Uranus
 Miranda
 Ariel
 Umbriel
 Titania
 Oberon

Locked to Neptune
 Proteus
 Triton

Locked to Pluto
 Charon (Pluto is itself locked to Charon)

Extra-solar 
Hot Jupiters are usually tidally locked to their star. 

The close-orbiting giant planet Tau Boötis b is known to be locked to the star Tau Boötis A.

Libration
Libration 

Libration is an oscillating motion of orbiting bodies relative to each other. Examples include the motion of the Moon relative to Earth, or of Trojan asteroids relative to planets.

The Moon generally has one hemisphere facing the Earth, due to tidal locking. Therefore, our first view of the far side of the Moon resulted from lunar exploration in the 1960s. 

However, this simple picture is only approximately true: over time, slightly more than half (about 59%) of the Moon's surface is seen from Earth due to libration.

Libration is a slow rocking back and forth of the Moon as viewed from Earth, permitting an observer to see slightly different halves  of the surface at different times.

References 

Orbits
The Horsehead nebula (also known as Barnard 33) is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion. 
The nebula is part of the much larger Orion complex. The nebula is located just to the south of the star Alnitak. Alniak is the farthest east on Orion's Belt. It is part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex.

Early history
The nebula was first recorded in 1888 by Scottish astronomer Williamina Fleming. It was recorded on photographic plate B2312 taken at the Harvard College Observatory. The Horsehead Nebula is about 1500 light years from Earth. It is one of the most known nebulae because of its shape when seen from Earth.

Composition of the nebula
The dark cloud of dust and gas is a region in the Orion nebula where star formation is taking place. The nebula contains over 100 known organic and inorganic gases. It also consists of large and complex organic molecules.
The red or pinkish glow comes from hydrogen gas behind the nebula.  Magnetic fields channel the gases leaving the nebula into streams that show as streaks in the background glow. A glowing strip of hydrogen gas marks the edge of the massive cloud. Thee densities of stars are different on either side. 

The darkness of the Horsehead is caused by thick dust blocking the light of stars behind it. The lower part of the Horsehead's neck casts a shadow to the left. Bright spots in the Horsehead Nebula's base are young stars just in the process of forming.

References

Other websites

 The Horsehead Nebula @ The Electronic Sky
 The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula, by Waldee and Hazen
 The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee 
 Horsehead Nebula at ESA/Hubble 
 The Horsehead Nebula at the Astro-Photography site of Mr. T. Yoshida.
 The Horsehead Nebula at Constellation Guide

Nebulae
Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon (Louise Élisabeth; 22 November 1693–27 May 1775) was a daughter of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, and his wife, Louise Françoise de Bourbon, herself an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France and Madame de Montespan.

She was the wife of Louis Armand de Bourbon. She was the Princess of Conti by marriage. It was Louise Élisabeth who presented Madame de Pompadour to the court of Louis XV; she also built the Hôtel de Brienne, present seat of the French Ministry of Defence. Louise Élisabeth was the Duchess of Étampes in her own right, having succeeded to the title at the death of her aunt Marie Anne de Bourbon.

Biography

Louise Élisabeth was born on 22 November 1693, at the Palace of Versailles. She was a princesse du sang. In youth, she was known at court as Mademoiselle de Charolais, a style later borne by her younger sister. Her parents' second daughter, and third child, she was one of nine children:
Marie Éléonore Gabrielle (22 December 1690 – 30 August 1760)
Louis Henri (18 August 1692 – 27 January 1740)
Louise Anne (23 June 1695 – 8 April 1758)
Marie Anne  (16 October 1697 – 11 August 1741)
Charles, Count of Charolais (19 June 1700 – 23 July 1760)
Henriette Louise de Bourbon (15 January 1703 – 19 September 1772)
Élisabeth Alexandrine (15 September 1705 – 15 April 1765)
Louis, Count of Clermont (15 June 1709 – 16 June 1771)

She was baptised in the chapel of Versailles on 24 November 1698 with her brother Louis Henri and her sister Louise Anne.

Marriage

The first years of her marriage were full of court cases at the Parlement de Paris against her husband due to his violent temper and her desire to leave him.
Children
 Louis de Bourbon, Count of La Marche (28 March 1715 - 1 August 1717) died young. 
 Louis François de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (13 August 1717 - 2 August 1776) married Louise Diane d'Orléans and had issue.
 Louis Armand de Bourbon, Duke of Mercœur (19 August 1720 - 13 May 1722) died young. 
 Charles de Bourbon, Count of Alais (5 February 1722- 7 August 1730) died young. 
 Louise Henriette de Bourbon (20 June 1726 –9 February 1759) married Louis Philippe d'Orléans of and had issue.

Titles and styles

22 November 1693 – 9 July 1713 Her Serene Highness  Mademoiselle de Condé 
9 July 1713 – 4 May 1727 Her Serene Highness the Princess of Conti
4 May 1727 – 27 May 1775 Her Serene Highness the Dowager Princess of Conti (Madame la princesse de Conti Douairière or Madame la Princesse de Conti troisième/dernière douairière)

References

1693 births
1775 deaths
People from Versailles
House of Bourbon
French princesses
Lufkin is a city in Texas.

History 
Lufkin was created in 1882.

Geography
Lufkin is located at  (31.336874, -94.730374).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 0.83%, is water.

Lufkin is at the crossroads of East Texas at the intersections of Highways US 59, future Interstate 69, which leads to Houston and the Rio Grande Valley to the south and Nacogdoches and Texarkana to the north, and US 69, which leads from the Golden Triangle of southeast Texas (Port Arthur and Beaumont) to points such as Jacksonville, Tyler, Dallas, and Oklahoma to the north.

Climate

 On average, the warmest month is August.
 The highest recorded temperature was 110 °F in 1909.
 On average, the coolest month is January.
 The lowest recorded temperature was -2 °F in 1930.
 The maximum average precipitation occurs in May.

Regional cities and their distance from Lufkin, Texas include:

References

Ark-La-Tex
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (May 10, 1900 – December 7, 1979) was a British-American astronomer and astrophysicist.

Early life
Payne was born in Wendover, England. In 1919, she won a scholarship to Newnham College, Cambridge University. She studied  botany, physics, and chemistry. She was not given a degree because women were not given degrees by Cambridge until 1948. In 1923 she moved to the United States. She became an American citizen in 1931.

Personal life
In 1933, she met Russian-born astrophysicist Sergei I. Gaposchkin in Germany. She married him in 1934.

1900 births
1979 deaths
American astrophysicists
American astronomers
British astronomers
People from Buckinghamshire
Naturalized citizens of the United States
British astrophysicists
Samira Denise Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress. She is an African American who was born in Washington, D.C.. She studied drama at the Juilliard School in New York. She plays Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black. In between seasons of Orange Is the New Black, Wiley filmed Rob the Mob.

Other websites 

Actors from Washington, D.C.
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
1987 births
Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875 – April 3, 1950) was an African-American historian. Woodson was one of the first scholars to study African-American history. He started the Journal of Negro History.

Woodson was born to James and Eliza Riddle Woodson in Buckingham County, Virginia. He was a famous African-American historian, journalist, author, and founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.

1875 births
1950 deaths
American historians
African-American people
Rodney James Alcala (born Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor; August 23, 1943 – July 24, 2021) was an American rapist and serial killer. 

He committed five murders in California from 1977 to 1979. He was sentenced to death in 2010. He was given an extra sentence of 25 years to life after he pled guilty to two homicides in New York which took place in 1971 and 1977.

Alcala was sometimes called the "Dating Game Killer". During the middle of his murder spree, he appeared on the show in 1978 and won.

Early life 
When Alcala was 17, Alcala joined the army. In 1964, he was discharged and was diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. In 1968, he gained a bachelor's degree from UCLA.

Death 
Alcala died of natural causes on July 24, 2021 in Corcoran, California at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
 Crime Library: Extreme Serial Killer
1943 births
2021 deaths
American kidnappers
American people convicted of assault
American prisoners sentenced to death
American rapists
American serial killers
Criminals from Texas
People from San Antonio, Texas
People with antisocial personality disorder
People who died in prison custody in the United States
WrestleMania XII was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on March 31, 1996 at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. It was the twelfth WrestleMania event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official WrestleMania XII website

1996 in professional wrestling
Sports in California
WrestleMania
1996 in California
March 1996 events
WrestleMania XI was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 2, 1995 at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. It was the eleventh WrestleMania event held by the WWF. WrestleMania XI was met with mixed reviews and has been called both the worst WrestleMania of all time and the event that saved the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official WrestleMania XI website

1995 in professional wrestling
History of Hartford, Connecticut
WrestleMania
20th century in Connecticut
Sports in Hartford, Connecticut
Małgorzata Braunek (30 January 1947 – 23 June 2014) was a Polish actress of movies and stage. She won a Best Supporting Actress Award at the Polish Film Awards for her role in Tulipany (2004). She also had roles in movies such as The Third Part of the Night (1971), The Devil (1972) and The Deluge (1974).

Braunek was born in Szamotuły. She graduated from the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts, Warsaw in 1969. She was married to movie director Andrzej Żuławski. They had a son actor and movie producer, Xawery Żuławski (1971). She was a follower and teacher of Zen Buddhism.

Braunek died from cancer in Warsaw on 23 June 2014, aged 67.

References

Other websites

 
 Małgorzata Braunek at culture.pl

1947 births
2014 deaths
Buddhists
Cancer deaths in Poland
Polish movie actors
Polish stage actors
Polish television actors
Peter Greste (born 1 December 1965) is a Latvian-Australian journalist. He is best known for his work as a foreign correspondent. From 1991 to 1995, he was based in the United Kingdom, Bosnia and South Africa. During this time, he worked for Reuters, CNN, WTN and the BBC. He eventually worked for Al Jazeera. In May 2012, he won a Peabody Award for his work on the documentary Somalia: Land of Anarchy.

Greste was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Greste's ethnicity is Latvian. He is a dual citizen of Australia and Latvia.

On 29 December 2013, he and other Al Jazeera journalists were arrested in Cairo, Egypt by authorities on terrorism charges relating to the Muslim Brotherhood. On 23 June 2014, Greste was found guilty by the court, and sentenced to seven years jail. United States Secretary of State John Kerry and Australian officials were quick to show support for the jailed journalists.
On 2 February 2015, Greste was released from prison and made to leave Egypt. This was ordered by the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, because of a new law which lets the government deport foreign prisoners.

References

Other websites
 

1965 births
Latvian writers
Australian criminals
Australian journalists
Australian prisoners
BBC people
Living people
Peabody Award winners
Writers from Sydney
The Orion complex (sometimes called the Orion  molecular cloud complex) is a huge star-forming area in the constellation of Orion.  

It is a large group of bright nebulae, dark clouds, and young star clusters. The cloud is between 1,500 and 1,600 light-years away and is hundreds of light-years across. Several parts of the nebula can be seen through binoculars and small telescopes. Some parts (such as the Orion nebula) are visible to the naked eye.

The nebula is important because of its sheer size. It is also one of the most active regions of stellar formation that can be seen in the night sky. In it are protoplanetary discs and many very young stars.  The nebula is very bright in the infrared wavelengths due to the heat-intensive processes involved in star formation. The complex contains dark nebulae, emission nebulae, reflection nebulae, and HII regions.

Nebulae in the complex
The following is a list of notable nebulae in the larger nebula complex:
 The Orion nebula, also known as M42
 M43, which is part of the Orion Nebula
 IC 434, which contains the Horsehead Nebula
 The Horsehead nebula
 Barnard's Loop
 M78, a reflection nebula
 NGC 1999
 NGC 2175
 NGC 2174
 Various Orion molecular clouds
 Flame nebula (NGC 2024)

Also the Orion OB1 Association is part of this complex. This is a group of several dozen hot giant stars of spectral types O and B. These are blue  and blue-white stars.

References

Other websites
Orion Cloud Complex
SEDS website
Clickable table of Messier Objects 
Orion images 

Astronomical objects
Super star clusters
Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is also the name of a town in that district.

References 

Districts of Turkey
İzmir Province
Sara Kristina Widén (9 May 1981 – 13 June 2014) was a Swedish opera singer (soprano). From 2013 until her death, she was starring in productions by the Royal Swedish Opera.

Widén was born in Halmstad, Halland County. Her younger brother Jacob Widén (born 1983) is a member of the punk rock band Neverstore.

Widén died from cancer on 13 June 2014 in Stockholm, aged 33.

References

Other websites

 
 

1981 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Sopranos
Singers from Halmstad
Hannover Hauptbahnhof (German for Hanover main station) is the main railway station of the German city of Hanover, Lower Saxony. It is the most important transportation service in the city. Each day, 250,000 people use the station.

It is served by local, regional and long-distance trains. It has 12 tracks on 6 platforms.

Hanover Central railway station was opened in 1843, and the new building in 1879.

The statue in front of the main building is showing Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, riding a horse.

References

Other websites 

1843 establishments in Europe
1879 establishments in Europe
1840s establishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Lower Saxony
Hanover
Railway stations in Germany
1870s establishments in Germany
"Auferstanden aus Ruinen" () (German for Risen from Ruins) was the national anthem of East Germany.

History 

In 1949, the Soviet occupation zone of Allied Occupied Germany became a country that was called East Germany. For the anthem, the poet Johannes R. Becher wrote the lyrics. The composer Hanns Eisler wrote the melody.

Lyrics

References 

Historical anthems
German anthems
1949 songs
Mario Götze (born 3 June 1992 in Memmingen) is a German footballer. He plays as a midfielder for PSV Eindhoven and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He is considered one of Germany's best talents. He scored the winning goal of the 2014 FIFA World Cup final against Argentina.

International

International statistics

International goals 

 Scores and results table. Germany's goal tally first:

Honours

Club 
 Borussia Dortmund
 Bundesliga: 2010–11, 2011–12
 DFB-Pokal: 2011–12, 2016–17
 DFL-Supercup: 2019

 Bayern Munich
 Bundesliga: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
 DFB-Pokal: 2013–14, 2015–16
 UEFA Super Cup: 2013
 FIFA Club World Cup: 2013

International 

 Germany
 FIFA World Cup: 2014
 UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2009

Individual
Individual 

 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Golden Player: 2009
 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Team of the tournament: 2009 
 Fritz Walter Medal: U17 Gold Medal 2009
 Fritz Walter Medal: U18 Gold Medal 2010
 Bundesliga Young Player of the Year: 2010–11
 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2010–11, 2012–13
 Tuttosport Golden Boy: 2011
 Goal of the Month (Germany): July 2014
 Goal of the Year (Germany): 2014
 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2014

References

1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Borussia Dortmund squad
Sportspeople from Bavaria
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Ron-Robert Zieler (born 12 February 1989 in Cologne) is a German association football goalkeeper that plays for VfB Stuttgart and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad.

1989 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Cologne
André Schürrle (born in Ludwigshafen, Germany on 6 November 1990) is a German association football forward that plays for Chelsea and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He began his career at 1. FSV Mainz 05, then went to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. His performances at that club got Chelsea interested in him, and in 2013 he was sold to Chelsea for £18 million.

References 

1990 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Borussia Dortmund squad
People from Ludwigshafen
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
Erik Durm (born 12 May 1992 in Pirmasens) is a German association football defender (football) that plays for Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Cameroon on 1 June 2014.

Other websites 
 fussballdaten.de

1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
Christoph Kramer (born in Solingen, Germany on 19 February 1991) is a German football defender (football) who plays for Borussia Mönchengladbach and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Poland on 13 May 2014.

Other websites 
 fussballdaten.de

1991 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
People from Solingen
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Sagittarius A (or Sgr A) is a complex radio source at the galactic centre of the Milky Way. It is in the Sagittarius constellation, but hidden from view by large clouds of cosmic dust in the spiral arms of the Milky Way.

It consists of three components: the remains of a supernova  Sagittarius A East, the spiral structure Sagittarius A West, and a very bright compact radio source at the center of the spiral, Sagittarius A*. These three overlap: Sagittarius A East is the largest, West appears off-center within East, and A* is at the centre of West.

Sagittarius A East 
This feature is about 25 light-years wide. It looks like a remnant from a supernova explosion that happened between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, it would take 50 to 100 times more energy than a standard supernova explosion to create a structure of this size and energy. Sgr A East might be the remains of a star that exploded as it was gravitationally squashed approaching the central black hole.
Sagittarius A West 
Sgr A West looks like a three-arm spiral from the point of view of the Earth. Actually it is made of several dust and gas clouds, which orbit and fall onto Sagittarius A* at velocities as high as 1,000 kilometers per second. The surface layer of these clouds is ionized. The source of ionisation is the population of massive stars that also occupy the central parsec of the galaxy. Over hundred such OB stars have been identified so far.

Sagittarius A* 

There is a supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy. Sagittarius A* (abbreviated Sgr A*) is the most likely candidate for the position of this central black hole. The Very Large Telescope and Keck Telescope detected stars orbiting Sgr A* at speeds greater than any other stars in the galaxy. One star, S2, orbits Sgr A* at speeds of over 5,000 kilometers per second at its closest approach.

A gas cloud is expected to collide with the black hole in 2014 and provide additional information.

References 

Astronomical objects
Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez (; 24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009), twice elected President of Venezuela, served for two five-year terms (1969–1974 and 1994–1999), becoming the longest serving democratically elected leader to govern the country in the twentieth century.
 
Widely acknowledged as one of the founders of Venezuela’s democratic system, the main architect of the 1961 Constitution, and a pioneer of the Christian Democratic movement in Latin America, Caldera helped forge an unprecedented period of civilian democratic rule in a country beleaguered by a history of political violence and military caudillos.

His leadership established Venezuela’s reputation as one of the more stable democracies in Latin America during the second half of the twentieth century.

After graduating with a degree in law and political science from Central University of Venezuela in 1939, Caldera embarked on a 70-year long career that combined political, intellectual and academic activities.

References
References

Other websites
  Rafael Caldera  — Official biography.
  Rafael Caldera  — Biography from National Convergence webpage.
 Speeches and Biography
 Extended bio by CIDOB Foundation 

1916 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Presidents of Venezuela
Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (born 1 April 1968 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician. He became Prime Minister of Finland on 24 June 2014. He became the Leader of the National Coalition Party on 14 June 2014.

References

Other websites

 Alexander Stubb on Twitter
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Stubb
 College of Europe website

1968 births
Living people
Politicians from Helsinki
Prime Ministers of Finland
MEPs for Finland
Shashi Kapoor (Balbir Raj Prithviraj Kapoor; 18 March 1938 in Calcutta – 4 December 2017 in Mumbai) was an Indian movie actor and movie producer. He was known for his roles in Junoon, Kabhie Kabhie, Deewaar, Siddhartha, and in Ajooba.

Kapoor died in a hospital in Mumbai of cirrhosis on 4 December 2017 at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
 
 Non Resident Indian magazine profile of Shashi Kapoor 

1938 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cirrhosis
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
Indian movie directors
Indian child actors
Gotham (also Richland City) is an unincorporated census-designated place, in the town of Buena Vista, in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located about an hour west of Madison, Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, its population was 191.

References

Census-designated places in Wisconsin
Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin
Richland County, Wisconsin
Samuel Insull (November 11, 1859 – July 16, 1938) was a British-born American  business magnate whose vast Midwest holding company empire collapsed in the 1930s. He was an innovator and investor based in Chicago. Insull was known for buying utilities and railroads using holding companies.

References

Other websites
TIME magazine cover photo of Samuel Insull, November 29, 1926 
TIME magazine cover photo of Samuel Insull, November 4, 1929 
TIME magazine cover photo of Samuel Insull, May 14, 1934 
PBS: Photo of Samuel Insull with Thomas Edison
Encyclopædia Britannica Concise: Photo of Samuel Insull

1859 births
1938 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Businesspeople from London
Businesspeople from Chicago
Meyer Harris "Mickey" Cohen (September 4, 1913 – July 29, 1976) was an American gangster who worked in Los Angeles. He was part of the Jewish Mafia, and also had strong ties to the American Mafia from the 1930s through 1960s.

Other websites

Benny's Shadow: All about Mickey Cohen  by Mark Gribben
Recollections of Mickey Cohen on the Los Angeles Times' Daily Mirror blog
Biography of Mickey Cohen  - Biography.com
Time, April 15, 1957 
 
 Beyond 'Gangster Squad': The Real Mickey Cohen, by Tere Tereba

1913 births
1976 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
American gangsters
Businesspeople from New York City
The iPhone 5C (sold with a lowercase 'c' as iPhone 5c) is a touchscreen-based smartphone that is made by Apple Inc. It comes after the iPhone 5, and was released along with the iPhone 5S. Apple introduced the iPhone 5C and the iPhone 5S at an event on September 10, 2013. They were both released on September 20, 2013. After the announcement of the iPhone 5C and 5S, the iPhone 5 was discontinued.

The iPhone 5C first came with iOS 7, the latest version of Apple's iOS mobile operating system at the time. On June 2, 2014, it was announced that the iPhone 5C would get iOS 8 this fall. iOS 8 was released on September 17, 2014.

The iPhone 5C has almost the same hardware as the iPhone 5. A few differences are that it has a slightly bigger battery and it also comes in five different colors (blue, green, pink, yellow, and white). It also uses a plastic shell on the outside instead of a metal casing that is used on the iPhone 5 and 5S.
History
Apple announced the iPhone 5C, along with the iPhone 5S at an event at its headquarters on September 10, 2013.

The iPhone 5C is sold at a lower price than the iPhone 5S. The iPhone 4S is still being sold, but has been changed so that it costs less than the 5C. The iPhone 5S sells for $199 for the 16 GB model with a two-year contract in the United States. It sells for $649 without a contract. The 5C sells for $99 for the 16 GB model on a contract. It sells for $549 without a contract. The iPhone 4S is still being sold, but the price has been dropped. It is free on a two-year contract or $449 without a contract.

An 8 GB version of the iPhone 5C was released on March 18, 2014, but will only be sold in six countries: United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, and China.

References

Other websites
 Official website

5C
Mobile phones released in 2013
Apple products released in 2013
Orange Studio (formerly Studio 37) is a company in Paris, France that creates movies. It is a subsidiary of Orange S.A., and works on French and European long feature films and series.

Orange Studio was founded in 2007 as Studio 37. In 2013, Studio 37 was renamed to Orange Studio.

Selective Filmography

Film 
 2013 : Jappeloup by Christian Duguay
 2015 : One wild moment by Jean-François Richet
 2016 : The Dancer by Stéphanie Di Giusto
 2017 : The Guardians by Xavier Beauvois
 2018 : Little Tickles by Andréa Bescond and Eric Métayer
 2019 : Battle of the classes by Michel Leclerc
 2019 : La Belle Époque by Nicolas Bedos
 2019 : A Hidden Life by Terrence Malick
 2020 : Wasp Network by Olivier Assayas
 2020 : How to be a good wife by Martin Provost
 2021 : Labor Day by Julien Rambaldi
 2021 :The Father by Florian Zeller

Television shows 
 2019 : The Name of the Rose
 2020 : Devils
 2020 : Cheyenne & Lola
 2021 : The Opera

Box-office
Box-office  

 Films co-produced by Orange Studio which more than one million people in France watched.

References

Other websites 
Orange Studio on IMDb
Orange Studio website

Movie industry
Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán (; February 6, 1932 – October 28, 1959) was a Cuban revolutionary. He was born in Lawton, Havana. He was raised in an anarchist family that had left Spain before the Spanish Civil War. Cienfuegos became a key figure of the Cuban Revolution, along with Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Juan Almeida Bosque, and Raúl Castro.

On October 28, 1959, Cienfuegos's Cessna 310 ('FAR-53') disappeared over the ocean during a night flight from Camagüey to Havana. He was declared dead on the same day when searches for the plane failed. He was 27 years old.

1932 births
1959 deaths
Aviation deaths
Cuban military people
People from Havana
Missing people
People declared dead in absentia
Juan Almeida Bosque (February 17, 1927 – September 11, 2009) was a Cuban politician and one of the original commanders of the Cuban Revolution. 

After the 1959 revolution, he was a famous figure in the Communist Party of Cuba. At the time of his death in 2009, he was a Vice-President of the Cuban Council of State and was its third ranking member. He received several decorations, and both national and international awards, including the title of "Hero of the Republic of Cuba" and the Order of Máximo Gómez.

On September 11, 2009, Juan Almeida died of a heart attack, aged 82.

References

1927 births
2009 deaths
Cuban politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Havana
A Computer crash is when a computer program stops running normally. The program can be either an application or the computer's operating system. The program may freeze (stop) or may show a crash report explaining what happened. One, called the Blue Screen of Death has a blue screen and means whatever you were working on may have just 'died'. Many crashes involving computers are often the result of machine instructions not running right. Typical causes are if programs' counters are set to incorrect addresses or buffer overflows.

An application crash can happen if an operation (a set of instructions) is performed that is not allowed by the operation system. If an application crashes, any work in progress may be lost. For this reason it is very important to backup computer files every few minutes. In some operating systems, when one application program crashes, other running programs may crash as a result.
Operation systems often crash due to hardware problems. A device driver that is poorly written can cause an operating system to crash. The solution may be to upgrade the driver.

References 

Computer terminology
"With Arms Wide Open" is a power ballad and is the third single off American rock band Creed's second studio album Human Clay. The song was released on April 24, 2000. 

The song won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2001. It was also nominated for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group but lost to U2's "Beautiful Day".

References

Other websites

2000 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Creed (band) songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Rock ballads
Ted Lindsay (born Robert Blake Theodore Lindsay; July 29, 1925 – March 4, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. Lindsay played a career total of 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks.

During his career, Lindsay was able to win the Stanley Cup four times and won the Art Ross Trophy once. He was nicknamed "Terrible Ted" because of his involvement in the creation of the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA) and due to this he was traded to Chicago. He also served as the General Manager and Head coach of the Detroit Red Wings.

Lindsay was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966. His jersey number #7 was retired by the Red Wings on November 10, 1991. In 1998, The Hockey News ranked Lindsay #21 on their list of 100 Greatest Hockey Players.

Lindsay died on March 4, 2019 at his home in Oakland Charter Township, Michigan at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1925 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
2019 deaths
National Hockey League broadcasters
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Memorial Cup winners
WWF One Night Only was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on September 20, 1997 at the NEC Arena in Birmingham, England.

Matches

References 

1997 in professional wrestling
Birmingham
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
WWF The Wrestling Classic was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 7, 1985 at the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois. The main event of the PPV was the finals of a 16-man tournament and saw Junkyard Dog defeat Randy Savage.

Matches

Tournament

References 

1985 in sports
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
1985 in the United States
1980s in Illinois
Sonderkommandos were special work groups made up of prisoners in the Nazi concentration camps during World War II.  (In German, "Sonderkommando" means "special unit".)  They worked in and around the gas chambers, which the Nazis used to murder many people.

What did the Sonderkommando do?
The Sonderkommandos did not kill anybody.  When the Nazi guards at the concentration camps killed people in their gas chambers, they made the Sonderkommandos do a few different jobs:
 Take prisoners into the gas chambers
 Take dead bodies out of the gas chambers after the Nazis had killed them
 Take things the Nazis wanted from the dead bodies.  For example, they had to take out gold teeth and tooth fillings; cut off the women's hair; and take jewelry and eyeglasses
 Bury or burn the dead bodies
 Clean the gas chambers and get them ready for the next group of people the Nazis wanted to kill
Life as a Sonderkommando 
Usually, the Nazi camp guards chose people for the Sonderkommando groups right after those people got to the concentration camps.  They almost always chose Jewish prisoners.  These people were told they would be killed if they did not agree.  They were not told what kind of work they would have to do.  Sometimes, the new Sonderkommando would find the bodies of their own families in the gas chambers.  They were not allowed to change jobs or refuse to work.  The only way they could stop working as Sonderkommando would be to kill themselves.

Sometimes the groups of Sonderkommandos were very big.  As the Nazis killed more and more people in the concentration camps, they wanted more Sonderkommandos.  By 1943, at Birkenau concentration camp (also called "Auschwitz II"), the groups of Sonderkommando included 400 prisoners.  But when many more Jews from Hungary were sent to the camp in 1944, the Nazis added 500 more Sonderkommando.
The Nazis needed the Sonderkommandos to stay strong enough to work.  Because of this, they were treated a little better than the other prisoners.  They were allowed to sleep in their own barracks.  They were also allowed to keep things like food, medicines, and cigarettes that had belonged to people who were killed in the gas chambers.  The Nazis allowed these things because they wanted to be able to kill people as quickly as possible in the gas chambers.  Without the Sonderkommando to help with the dead bodies, the Nazis would not be able to use the gas chambers as much.
Death 
Because they knew so much about how the Nazis were killing so many people, the Nazis thought of the Sonderkommando as Geheimnisträger — people who knew secrets.  Because of this, they were kept apart from other prisoners in the camps.  The Nazis also did not want anyone outside the camps to know what they were doing.  To make sure the Sonderkommando could never tell what they knew, the Nazis would regularly kill all of the Sonderkommando, usually about every 3 months.  Then they would choose a new group out of new prisoners just getting to the camps.  The new group's first job would be to burn the bodies of the old Sonderkommandos.
Sonderkommandos fight back
Some Sonderkommandos tried to revolt (fight back) against the Nazis.  For example, in 1944, Sonderkommandos at Auschwitz partly destroyed one of the crematoria used for burning bodies.  For months, young Jewish women had secretly been taking small amounts of gunpowder from a weapons factory in the Auschwitz camp.  They had been sneaking that gunpowder to men and women in the camp's resistance movement.  (The resistance movement was a group of prisoners at Auschwitz who decided to fight back against the Nazis, sometimes in secret ways.)  Using this gunpowder, the leaders of the Sonderkommando planned to blow up the gas chambers and crematoria, and start a rebellion against the camp's guards.
However, before this plan was ready, people in the camp's resistance movement found out that the Nazi guards were going to murder the Sonderkommando on 7 October 1944.  The resistance members warned the Sonderkommando, who attacked the guards with two machine guns, axes, knives and grenades.  They killed about 3 guards and hurt about 12 others.  A total of 451 Sonderkommandos were killed on this day.  Some died fighting the camp's guards.  Some did not, and were executed later that day by the Nazis.

There were also revolts in two other concentration camps, called Treblinka and Sobibór.  At Treblinka, on 2 August 1943, around 100 prisoners were able to escape from the camp.  At Sobibór, Sonderkommando in one part of the camp (Camp I) revolted on 14 October 1943.  The Sonderkommando in another part of the camp (Camp III) did not revolt, but were murdered the next day.
Other Sonderkommandos fought back secretly.  For example, at Auschwitz, in August 1944, members of the Sonderkommando were able to take pictures showing bodies being burned and people being sent to the gas chambers.  They snuck these pictures out of the camp as proof of what the Nazis were doing.

Fewer than twenty out of several thousand members of the Sonderkommando are known to have survived and were able to testify to what happened.  After World War II, at some camps, people found notes that members of the Sonderkommando had buried or hidden, hoping that someone would find the notes later and know what happened.

Testimonies
Between 1943 and 1944, some members of the Sonderkommando at Birkenau (Auschwitz II) were able to get pens and paper, and they wrote about the things they had seen at the camp.  They buried the things they wrote near the crematoria.  Their writings were found after the war ended.
For example, this note was found buried in the Auschwitz crematoria.  It was written by Zalman Gradowski, a Sonderkommando who was killed in the revolt on 7 October 1944:"Dear finder of these notes, I have one request of you ... that my days of Hell, that my hopeless tomorrow will find a purpose in the future.  I am transmitting [writing about] only a part of what happened in the Birkenau-Auschwitz Hell. You will realize what reality looked like ... From all this you will have a picture of how our people perished [died]."

Related pages 
 Sonderkommando photographs
 The Holocaust
 Auschwitz concentration camp

References