Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
An LC circuit is an electronic circuit made up of an inductor and a capacitor.

LC circuit's resonant frequency is equal to:     

The angular frequency ω has units of radians per second.

LC circuits are used for creating signals at a particular frequency, or picking out a signal at a particular frequency from a more complex signal. An ideal LC circuit does not have resistance.

At LC circuit energy saves in the capacitor's electric field.

    

U is energy and q is electric charge.
At LC circuit energy also save in the inductor's magnetic field.

 

U is energy and i is electric current that flows in inductor.

Let's analyze an LC circuit's vibration. Vibrating LC circuit's total energy is U.

Because circuit's  resistance is 0, there is no energy that transmits to heat energy, and U is maintained regularity.
 

So LC circuit's vibration is shown like that

First consider the Electrical impedance of the series LC circuit. The total impedance is given by the sum of the inductive and capacitive impedances
By writing the inductive impedance as  and capacitive impedance as  

 .

Resultingly the series connected circuit, when connected to a circuit in series, will act as a band-pass filter having zero impedance at the resonant frequency of the LC circuits.

The same analysis may be applied to the parallel LC circuit. The total impedance is then given by

and after substitution of  and  we have

which simplifies to

 .

Resultingly the parallel connected circuit will act as band-stop filter having infinite impedance at the resonant frequency of the LC circuit.

Other websites
Understanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes

Electronic circuits
ASIC or Application-specific integrated circuit is a kind of integrated circuit. It is built for a particular use instead of for general-purpose use. Digital circuits are a common form of ASIC, but analog ASICs were manufactured beginning in the latter half of the 1990s.

ASIC has advantages compared to programmable logic controller or standard logic gate IC. 
 ASIC can be smaller.
 ASIC can improve speed. 
 ASIC needs less electric power to operate. 

There are also disadvantages of ASIC. 
 the cost per a unit can be high when producing a small number of units because of the fixed cost of producing a Photomask. 
 they can be hard to design and it is expensive and wastes time if they need to be redesigned. 
 the time of a manufacturing process can be long.
Design 
Design of ASIC is gate array design, cell base design, embedded array design, standard cell design, and structured ASIC design.
 
Gate array design has elementary gate circuit at first base, (we) manufacture the products with putting ordered proper wire-layers.
Manufacturing is quick because a finished product needs only production of wire-layers and it is cheap because of mass production of its foundation.
However, because (we) form a circuit with formation of standard gate, it has worse contact rate and efficiency.

Cell base design uses wire-layer between block that was designed and arranged and logical circuit. and product is manufactured .
Performance is better than gate array, but time of making cell base is longer than time of making gate array, and cost of making cell base is more expensive than cost of making gate array.
Embedded array design Use finished functional block were located. It was rest of theory for wired to use part of gate array. It was called that gate array and basis of cell were compromising.

Standard cell design is a general term for gate array, cell base, embedded array. if standard cell is cell base IC, direction is different each company.

Structured ASIC design uses customization of standard subsystems to speed design and production.
Designers of ASIC use a hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL to describe the functionality of the design.

Other websites 
 ASIC basics tutorial

References 

Electronic components
Electronic circuits
The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in physics. The effect is based on the idea that electromagnetic radiation is made of a series of particles called photons. When a photon hits an electron on a metal surface, the electron can be emitted. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons. The effect is also called the Hertz Effect, because it was discovered by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, but this name is not used often.
The photoelectric effect has helped physicists understand the quantum nature of light and electrons. The concept of wave–particle duality was developed because of the photoelectric effect. Albert Einstein proposed the Laws of Photoelectric Effect and won the Nobel Prize For Physics 1921.
Mechanism 
Not every electromagnetic wave will cause the photoelectric effect, only radiation of a certain frequency or higher will cause the effect. The minimum frequency needed is called the "cutoff frequency" or "threshold frequency'. The cutoff frequency is used to find the work function, , which is the amount of energy holding the electron to the metal surface. The work function is a property of the metal and is not affected by the incoming radiation. If a frequency of light strikes the metal surface that is greater than the cutoff frequency, then the emitted electron will have some kinetic energy.

The energy of a photon causing the photoelectric effect is found through , where  is Planck's constant,  J·s,  is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave,  is the kinetic energy of the photoelectron and  is the work function for the metal. If the photon has a lot of energy, Compton scattering (~ thousands of eV) or pair production (~ millions of eV) may take place.
Heinrich Hertz made the first observation of the photoelectric effect in 1887. He reported that a spark jumped more readily between two charged spheres if light was shining on them. Further studies were done to learn about the effect observed by Hertz. In 1902, Philipp Lenard showed that the kinetic energy of a photoelectron does not depend on the light intensity. However, it was not until 1905 that Einstein proposed a theory that explained the effect fully. The theory says that electromagnetic radiation is a series of particles, called photons. The photons collide with the electrons on the surface and emit them. This theory ran against the belief that electromagnetic radiation was a wave. Thus, at first it was not recognised as correct. In 1916, Robert Millikan published the results of experiments using a vacuum photo-tube. His work showed that Einstein's photoelectric equation explained the behaviour very accurately
. However, Millikan and other scientists were slower to accept Einstein's theory of light quanta. Maxwell's wave theory of electromagnetic radiation cannot explain the photoelectric effect and blackbody radiation. These are explained by quantum mechanics.
References

Other websites 

Physics
Energy
In electrical engineering and computer science, Image processing is any form of processing for which the input is an image or a series of images or videos, such as photographs or frames of video. The output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. It also means "Analyzing and manipulating images with a computer". 

Image processing is performed in three steps:

First, import images with an optical devices like a scanner or a camera, or make them by computer-generated imagery.

Second, manipulate or analyze the images in some way. This step can include image improvement and data summary, or the images are analyzed to find rules that aren't seen by the human eyes. For example, meteorologists use this processing to analyze satellite photographs.

Last, output the result of image processing. The result might be the image changed by some way or it might be a report based on analysis or result of the images.
In the 21st century image processing is usually "digital", but optical and analog image methods are still used.

Computer science
Ogg is a free, open standard format for music, video and other multimedia. It is run by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The Ogg format is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient Internet streaming and for editing of high quality digital multimedia.

The project was based on the popular AVI and Ogg formats, which at the time only supported audio. Some time ago, the OGG Vorbis format was created to change the mp3 format. To store the vorbis audio stream, the OGG Bitstream standard was developed, which was later used to store video.

Recently a big library on the internet, the Internet Archive, announced that they are going to convert many videos and other multimedia to the Ogg format as well as other formats like the proprietary Adobe Flash flv format.

References

Computer file formats
Georgetown is a city and the county seat of Scott County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 18,000 at the 2000 census. There is a Toyota automobile plant there.

Sister City
Georgetown has one sister city.
  Tahara, Japan

Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Scott County, Kentucky
Encarta was a digital multimedia encyclopedia by Microsoft. There was a more complete version called Encarta Premium made in 2008. It had more than 62,000 articles  and many photographs and illustrations. There was also music clips, videos, maps and timelines with some activity games. It also included an atlas,  and homework tools. It was available on the internet if you pay a yearly fee, or to buy on DVD-ROM, or CD-ROMs. Many articles could also be read online free of charge, a service which is paid for by advertisements.

Microsoft made similar encyclopedias under the Encarta trademark in several different European languages and in Japanese.

References 

Encyclopedia websites
Islamabad can refer to:
 Islamabad - the Federal national capital of Pakistan.
 Islamabad Capital Territory - a federal territory of Pakistan, includes the capital Islamabad and other areas.
 Islamabad - an alternative name for the city of Anantnag in Kashmir.
White supremacy is the belief that white people are better than all other races. The words "white supremacy" are sometimes used to describe a political idea that shows the social and political dominance of whites.

White supremacy is a form of racism. It is not to be confused with different political and moral differences that people of any race may hold. White supremacists also want racial separation, which means people of different races living apart. White supremacy has often caused anti-black racism and antisemitism (Anti-Jewish hate).  Native Americans, Asians, multiracial people, Middle Eastern people, Roma Gypsies, Muslims, mestizo or indigenous Mexicans, non-white Latinos and LGBTQ+ people are also hurt by white supremacists.
Politically, socially and economically, white supremacy was common in the United States before the American Civil War and for many years after. This is also true for white supremacist regimes in South Africa and Rhodesia and of parts of Europe at different time periods. White supremacy was very important for Nazi Germany's Third Reich. How much white supremacy has influenced Western culture is still being argued about. The ways it has changed how society works are still being studied. In some parts of the United States, many people who were thought to be non-white could not vote and were not allowed to be part of the government. They were also not allowed to work in most government jobs. They were still not allowed to do this, even into the second half of the 20th century. White leaders in places like the United States and Australia often thought that Native Americans and Indigenous Australians kept society from going forward. They did not think of them as people who lived there in their own right
. Many European-settled countries that are on the Pacific Ocean limited immigration from Asian and Pacific countries. Many U.S. states banned marriage between races, through "anti-miscegenation laws" until 1967, when these laws were changed. South Africa had a white supremacist regime, called Apartheid, until 1994. Rhodesia had a white supremacist regime until 1980.
White supremacist movements and ideas
White supremacist groups can be found in most countries and regions with a large white population, including North America, Europe, Australia,  New Zealand. They can also be found in areas where most people are not white, such as South Africa and Latin America. In all of these areas, their views are held by only a small part of the population. The number of people who are active in the groups is quite small.  The militant (very forceful) approach taken by white supremacist groups has caused them to be watched closely by governments and police. Many of the things that white supremacists say can get some people to hurt or kill other people. This is called hate speech. Some countries have laws against hate speech. Some countries also have laws that stop or limit some white supremacist organizations. However, white supremacist groups are very different from each other. This means that it is hard to stop them all.

Religious movements
The World Church of the Creator, now called the Creativity Movement, backs a racist religion called Creativity. The religion's purpose is 'a racial holy war" and "a bright and beautiful new world." This new world will come through a special "holy war" that they call "RAHOWA" (RAcial HOly WAr). They think that members of the white race must take steps to save their white race. They believe that all races are at war with each other for land and natural resources. They say that their war is a religious war.

Related pages
 Apartheid, a system of rule by white people in South Africa
 Master race, the belief that one race is or ought to be dominant
 Antisemitism, racism against Jews especially by white supremacists
 Anti-Mexican sentiment, many white supremacists are against mestizo Mexican immigration to the United States

Footnotes
Footnotes

Further reading
 Dobratz, Betty A. and Shanks-Meile, Stephanie. "White power, white pride!": The white separatist movement in the United States (Twayne Publishers, NY, 1997).
 Lincoln Rockwell, George. White Power (John McLaughlin, 1996).

Other websites
"White Power" by George Lincoln Rockwell 
Anti-Defamation League article on white power music 

Racism
BMW 3 Series is a car produced by BMW since 1975. It is currently in its seventh generation. The 3 Series has an M version in the form of the M3.

The 3 Series has come in multiple body styles and engine types. The 3 Series has been sold as saloons, coupés, estates, and convertibles. The 3 Series is one of the most commonly-sold vehicles in the world.

1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
BMW
Rear wheel drive vehicles
Vulcan was a theoretical planet. In the 19th century, the planet was thought to orbit close to the sun. Its gravitational pull would explain changes seen between the perihelion advance of Mercury from that predicted by Classical Mechanics. The theory that Vulcan exists come from the earlier prediction that an outer planet (now Neptune) was causing similar changes in the orbit of Uranus from the orbit predicted by classical theory.

None of the searches for Vulcan found a planet. This caused some people to not agree with Newtonian theory. It led to the development of Special Relativity and General Relativity. Albert Einstein's modified theory of gravity showed why the orbit of Mercury changes without the existence of Vulcan. This disproved the theories of Vulcan.

References

Solar System planets
Terrestrial planets
The flag of Greece is rectangular with nine equal stripes of blue (5) and white (4) from left to right. In the top left corner is a blue square with a white cross. This flag has been used since 1822, when the young Greek state was fighting for its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence.

The current flag of Greece was officially adopted during the First national assembly of the Greeks at Epidaurus in 1822, and the flag with the 9 stripes was adopted as a state and military ensign (a flag used only by the government and the military, and only on ships). Another flag was chosen as a land flag, it was a simple white cross on a blue field. A third flag was adopted for the merchant fleet (a flag to be used by civilians on ships only), but it was only used for 8 years. In 1978, the ensign was chosen as the sole national flag, and it is now used by everyone on land and sea as the flag of Greece.
A different opinion states that the Greek flag is an exact duplicate of the East India Trading Company flag. 

It is sometimes known in Greece as the blue-white, in Greek Γαλανόλευκη (Galanólefki) or Κυανόλευκη (Kyanólefki).

Gallery

References

Greece
National symbols of Greece
The Peugeot 307 is a car produced by Peugeot. It replaced the 306 in June 2001 with 3 and 5-door hatchback models. In 2002, the SW estate was added and in late 2003 saw the 307 CC coupé/cabriolet launched. It was facelifted in 2005 and was replaced in 2007 by the 308. The platform of the 307 were also used for the Citroën C4. The model sold well but didn't have great reliability although it was improved with later models.

Versions

Engines

Petrol 
 1.4 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.4 16V 65 kW (88 hp)
 1.6 16V 80 kW (109 hp)
 2.0 16V 100 kW (136 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.0 16V RC 130 kW (177 hp)

Diesel 
 1.4 HDi 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.6 HDi 66 kW (90 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
 2.0 HDi 66 kW (90 hp), 79 kW (107 hp), 80 kW (109 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)

307
2000s automobiles
The Peugeot 308 is a car produced by Peugeot.

First generation

The first generation 308 replaced the Peugeot 307 in October 2007. It was facelifted in 2011.

Second generation

The second generation 308 was launched in June 2013. It is built on the same EMP2 platform as the Citroën C4 Picasso. It ditched the CC and 3-door hatchback bodystyles.

In 2017, it got facelifted with a new front end and LED lights.

In 2020, the 308 received a new digital gauge cluster.

Third generation

The third generation 308 was unveiled in March 18, 2021, and launched in May of the same year. It has the third generation EMP2 platform, a new retro-styled Peugeot logo, a coupe SUV variant known as the Peugeot 408, and both plug-in hybrid and fully electric variants for the first time.

308
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020s automobiles
A custard cream is a type of biscuit which is popular in the United Kingdom. It looks like a biscuit sandwich with a cream center. 

Like the American Hydrox or Oreo, the custard cream can be eaten by twisting the two biscuits apart and eating the center first.

Other websites
 Custard cream review from nicecupofteaandasitdown.com

Desserts
Bay Minette is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. According to the 2020 census, its population was 8,107. The city is the county seat of Baldwin County.

Geography
Bay Minette is located at  (30.883446, -87.777183).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .  (0.50%) is water.

Notable residents
 Todd Grisham, sports announcer for World Wrestling Entertainment and Fox Soccer Channel
 Joe M. Rodgers, United States Ambassador to France
 Scotty Joe Weaver, hate crime victim featured in the documentary Small Town Gay Bar
 Wallace Gilberry, Defensive End for the 2Kansas City Chiefs
 William Conrad Burford,
RebelX

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Bakerhill or Baker Hill is a town in Barbour County, Alabama, United States, near Eufaula.  According to the 2020 census, the city had a population of 211. Although it existed as an unincorporated village since before 1860, the city was officially incorporated in 1997.

Geography 
Bakerhill is located at 31.88 degrees north, 85.15 degrees west (31.88495, -85.15390).

References

Towns in Alabama
A computer-based predictive model is a computer program that is designed to simulate what might or what did happen in a situation. They are used in many ways including in astronomy, economics and sciences such as physics and biology. Computer models are used in fields such as earthquake performance simulation and making models of buildings.

Well known areas which use computer models:
 Models of the atmosphere for weather forecasts and to predict climate change
 Aerodynamics via fluid dynamics simulation
 Agent-based modelling is used to simulate social interactions in artificial Intelligence

Computer modelling often uses numerical analysis to approximate the real solution of the problem. Simulation techniques are then used to get values. Numerical weather predictions are too inaccurate to give a good local prediction of the weather, so other methods are used to adjust them.  

Computing
Modeling
Research
The M postcode area, also known as the Manchester postcode area, is a group of lots of postal districts in Greater Manchester, England.

The code covers three places: Manchester, Salford, and Sale. It covers parts of all Greater Manchester boroughs except for Stockport. All of Manchester is covered by the code, except for a small village called Ringway, which is in the WA postcode area. The postcode also includes nearly all of Salford and most of the borough of Trafford.

Coverage
The code covers these districts:

References

Other websites
Map of postcodes of Greater Manchester 

Greater Manchester
Postal codes
The River Irwell is a river which flows through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester in North West England. It is  long. The start of the river is at Irwell Springs on Deerplay Moor, about  north of the town of Bacup, in the parish of Cliviger, Lancashire.  The Irwell flows through  the city centres of Manchester and Salford, before joining the River Mersey near Irlam.

Other websites

 History of the Mersey and Irwell Navigation (Old Quay Company) 
 Salford Quays virtual tour
 The Transport Archive: Canal archive: Mersey and Irwell Navigation
 Pennine Waterways: Images of the River Irwell Navigation

Rivers of England
Greater Manchester
Nicktropolis was a virtual world made for children aged six to fourteen.

History
Building of Nicktropolis started in November 2004. It went into testing by late 2005, and was given out to members by January 6, 2007. The game opened to all people on January 30, 2007. It ended due to the new Nickelodeon update and the Nickelodeon message board has been shut down too.

References

Other websites
 Nicktropolis website 

Nickelodeon
Bessemer is a city in southwestern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States and a suburb of Birmingham near Hueytown. The population was 26,019 at the 2020 census.

Notable residents 
 Neil Bonnett, NASCAR driver
 Alex Bradford, composer, singer, arranger, and choir director
 Mildred Brown, journalist
 Earl Cochran Jr., NFL player
 Thornton Dial, African-American folk artist
 Virginia Hill, actress, mob courier and girlfriend of Bugsy Siegel
 Frank House, born in Bessemer, major league baseball player
 Bo Jackson, NFL football and MLB baseball player
 Kerry Rhodes, NFL player
 Diana Ross, singer
 Demeco Ryans, NFL player
 Glenn Shadix, American actor
 Sun Ra, Avant-garde jazz musician and metaphysical progressive
 Tim Ward, philanthropist
 Corey White, NFL player
 Jack Whitten, abstract painter
 Andre Williams, singer and producer

References 

Cities in Alabama
The Princess Louise (Louise Caroline Alberta: Marquess of Lorne and Duchess of Argyll by marriage; 18 March 1848 – 3 December 1939) was the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was interested in sculpture, and was a notable architect. In 1871, she married John, Marquess of Lorne (Duke of Argyll from 1900), but the marriage was unhappy. They made up with each other in the 1900s, and after Argyll's death in 1914, she had a nervous breakdown. She died in 1939 at the age of 91.

Early life
Louise was born at Buckingham Palace, the main British royal home in London. Her mother was Queen Victoria, and her father was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Louise spent much of her early life moving between the different royal homes that her parents stayed in. These included Buckingham Palace; Osborne House on the Isle of Wight; Windsor Castle in Berkshire; and Balmoral Castle in Scotland.
Death of Prince Albert
Louise's father, Prince Albert, became ill with typhoid fever, and died on 14 December 1861. Queen Victoria was very sad after this happened, as she and Albert were a loving couple. While the Queen mourned, the court became morbid, and Louise quickly became fed up with it. On her 17th birthday, she asked if the ballroom could be opened for a dance, but Queen Victoria refused. Louise's irritation, in turn, irritated the Queen, who did not like Louise's arguments.
Titles and styles
18 March 1848 – 21 March 1871 Her Royal Highness The Princess Louise.
21 March 1871 – 24 April 1900 Her Royal Highness The Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne.
24 April 1900 – 3 December 1939 Her Royal Highness The Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll.

References
Darling Loosy: Letters to Princess Louise 1856 to 1939 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1991) 
Wake, Jehanne, Princess Louise: Queen Victoria's unconventional daughter (Collins, London, 1988)

Other websites

Stocker, Mark, ‘Louise, Princess, duchess of Argyll (1848–1939)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edition, January 2008. Retrieved on 23 January 2008

1853 births
1939 deaths
British princesses
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
British sculptors
Brent is a city in Bibb County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,972.

References

Cities in Alabama
Boaz is a city in Etowah and Marshall Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.  The city is named after the husband of Ruth, from the Book of Ruth in the Bible. It is part of the 'Gadsden, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area'. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 10,107.

References 

Cities in Alabama
The 1996 United States presidential election happened on November 5, 1996. Bill Clinton, the incumbent president and Democratic candidate, won reelection. He defeated Bob Dole, the Republican candidate, who was the former Senator of Kansas for president, and Ross Perot, the Reform Party candidate, who was a businessman. 

Perot received less media attention and was not included in the presidential debates and, while still getting large results for a third-party candidate, by U.S. standards, did not renew his success in the 1992 election.

Clinton benefited from an economy that recovered from the early 1990s recession, and a relatively stable world stage. On November 5, 1996, President Clinton went on to win re-election by a substantial popular vote margin with a large electoral college victory.
Election statistics
President Clinton went on to win re-election relatively easily despite becoming the first sitting president since Woodrow Wilson in 1916 to do so with under 50% of the National Vote (49%), while winning enough states to earn him 379 electoral votes. Senator Bob Dole from Kansas ran for the Republicans and was at the mercy of peaceful overseas relations and a thriving economy. He gained (41%) of the vote while winning enough states to win 159 electoral votes. The GOP did well in the congressional races however thus effectively positioning themselves for the 1998 midterms and the subsequent 2000 race for the White House.

References

Other websites 

1996 in the United States
1996 elections
1996
Bridgeport is a small city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States. At the time of 2020 census, the population was 2,264. Bridgeport is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.

References

Cities in Alabama
Brewton is a city in Escambia County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 5,276. The city is the county seat of Escambia County.

Government
The city government consists of mayor who is elected at large and five member city council who are each elected from a district.

Education
Schools in the Brewton City School System:
Brewton Elementary School, on Douglas Ave.
Brewton Middle School, on Liles Blvd.
T. R. Miller High School, on Douglas Ave.

Brewton is home to Jefferson Davis Community College, a small postsecondary school that primarily gives associate's degrees.

Culture and special events 

The annual Alabama Blueberry Festival is held at Burnt Corn Creek Park and downtown Brewton.

The Thomas E. McMillan Museum is on the campus of the Jefferson Davis Community College.

Notable natives or residents
 Wayne Frazier, pro football player, Auburn University, 
Teddy Keaton, Football coach, Stillman College
Kevin Sumlin, Football coach, Texas A&M Aggies football

References
References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Brighton is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,337.

References

Cities in Alabama
Brighton is a city in East Sussex. 

Brighton may also mean:

Places

Australia 
 Brighton, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane
 Brighton, South Australia, a coastal suburb of Adelaide
 Brighton, Tasmania
 Brighton, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne
 Brighton-Le-Sands, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney

Canada 
 Brighton, Newfoundland and Labrador
 Brighton, Ontario

New Zealand 
 Brighton, New Zealand, Otago region
United States 
 Brighton, Alabama
 Brighton, Colorado
 Brighton Seminole Indian Reservation, Florida
 Brighton, Illinois
 Brighton Park, Chicago, Illinois
 Brighton, Indiana
 Brighton, Iowa
 Brighton, Boston, Massachusetts, a section of the city of Boston
 Brighton Plantation, Maine
 Brighton, Baltimore, Maryland
 Brighton, Michigan
 Brighton, Missouri
 Brighton, Monroe County, New York
 Brighton, Franklin County, New York
 Brighton, Syracuse, New York
 Brighton, Ohio
 Brighton, Tennessee
 Brighton, Vermont
 Brighton, Kenosha County, Wisconsin
 Brighton, Marathon County, Wisconsin
 Brighton Ski Resort, Utah
 Brighton High School (Utah)
East Brewton is a city in Escambia County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, 2,293 people lived there.

References

Other websites 
 East Brewton Official Website
 Escambia County, Alabama Official Website
 Escambia County, Alabama Schools Official Website
 Brewton City Schools Official Website  

Cities in Alabama
Brundidge is a city in Pike County, Alabama, USA. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 2,341.

References

Cities in Alabama
Enterprise is a city in Coffee and Dale Counties in Alabama, United States. The population is 28,711 in 2020.

Education
Enterprise is served by Enterprise City Schools. Enterprise is also home to Enterprise–Ozark Community College, (also known as Enterprise State Junior College). A two-year college, the Enterprise campus is home to the Boll Weevils.
Notable people
 Kendrick Adams, NFL outside linebacker
 T. J. Barnes, NFL player
 Curly Chalker, country and jazz pedal steel guitarist
 Clint Crisher, R&B singer
 Juli Crockett, retired professional boxer, playwright, and theater director
 Jimmy DuBose, former NFL player
 Terry Everett, former representative from Alabama's 2nd congressional district
 Mark Fuller, federal judge for U. S. District Court, Middle District of Alabama
 Kenneth A. Gibson, former mayor of Newark, New Jersey
 Stewart Halcomb of The Springs
 David Howard, former NFL linebacker
 April Hunter, professional wrestler and model
 Jamey Johnson, country music artist born in Enterprise
 Jimmy McClain, NFL player
 Michael McDowell, screenwriter and author of several Southern Gothic novels
 Ben Paschal, reserve outfielder for the 1927 Yankees
 Thomas Virgil Pittman, former federal judge on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
Cedric Smith, former NFL running back
 Aud Tuten, former NHL player with the Chicago Black Hawks (1941–43)
 Mark Wilkerson, lead singer of Course of Nature and husband of Melissa Joan Hart
Elba is a city in Coffee County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 3,508. The city is the county seat of Coffee County.

Education
Public Education is provided by the Elba City Public School District. There are two schools in the city:
Elba High School (grades 7 through 12)
Elba Elementary School (grades K through 6)

Media
Radio stations
WELB 1350 AM  (Classic Country and Southern Gospel)
WVVL 101.1 FM (Country)

Notable residents
James E. "Big Daddy" Folsom, only Coffee County native to become governor of Alabama.
Ronald McKinnon, National Football League player.
Cornelia Ellis Wallace(1939–2009), the second wife of Governor George C. Wallace, Jr. and the First Lady of Alabama from 1971–1978.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Coffee County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of General John Coffee.  As of 2020 the population was 53,465.  Its county seats are Elba and Enterprise.

Geography
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of .  (or 99.78%) is land and  (or 0.22%) is water.

Major highways
 U.S. Highway 84
 State Route 27
 State Route 51
 State Route 87
 State Route 88
 State Route 92
 State Route 134

Border counties
Pike County (north)
Dale County (east)
Geneva County (south)
Covington County (west)
Crenshaw County (northwest)

Cities and towns 
Elba
Enterprise (part - part of Enterprise is in Dale County)
Kinston
New Brockton

Unincorporated communities
Alberton
Basin
Battens Crossroads
Bluff Springs
Brooklyn
Central City
Chesnut Grove
Clintonville
Clowers Crossroads
Coppinville
Curtis
Damascus
Danleys Crossroads
Frisco
Goodman
Ino
Jack
Java
Keyton
Lowry Mill
Newby
Perry Store
Pine Level
Rhoades
Richburg
Roeton
Shady Grove
Tabernacle
Turner Crossroads
Victoria
Wilkinstown
Zoar
Notable people
Jim Folsom, governor of Alabama from 1947 to 1951 and 1955 to 1959, was born in Coffee County.
Coffee is the hometown of Major League Baseball superstar Alex Rios
Coffee County is home to "The Dancing Ghost" of Grancer Harrison, featured in the book 13 Alabama Ghosts and Jeffrey.

References

1841 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in Alabama
Evergreen is a city in Conecuh County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,520. The city is the county seat of Conecuh County.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Eutaw is a city in Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,937. The city is the county seat of Greene County and was named after the Revolutionary War battle of Eutaw Springs, South Carolina. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Eufaula is a city in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 12,882.

References

Cities in Alabama
The Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria: Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by marriage; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923) was the third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena was interested in nursing, needlework and writing, and she founded several nursing hospitals. In 1866, she married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, a minor German prince with very little money, and they lived near Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom. After Victoria's death in 1901, Helena and Christian lived in London and Windsor. Prince Christian died in 1917, a year  after celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary together, and Helena died six years later in 1923 aged 77 and was buried in Frogmore Garden Windsor beside her husband Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein  .
References 
 Chomet, Seweryn, Helena: A princess reclaimed (Begell House, New York, 1999) 
 Marie Louise (Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein), My Memories of Six Reigns (Second edition, Penguin, Middlesex, 1959)
 Packard, Jerrold M., Victoria's Daughters (St Martin's Griffin, New York, 1998)

Other websites 
 ‘Helena, Princess [Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein] (1846–1923)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 22 Feb 2008

1846 births
1923 deaths
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Royalty from London
Oxford is a city in Calhoun and Talladega counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.  The population was 22,069 at the 2020 census.  Oxford is one of two principal cities of and included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Cities in Alabama
Opp is a city in Covington County, Alabama, United States. It is named after Henry Opp, a lawyer for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. 

At the 2020 census, the population was 6,771.

Notable people
Mooski, singer, rapper
Mike DuBose, former Alabama Crimson Tide head football coach
David F. Gantt, New York state legislator
Tim Jessie, NFL player
James Logan, NFL player
Alberta Martin- penultimate Confederate Widow 
Lamar Rogers, NFL player
Peggy Scott-Adams, blues and R&B singer
Thomas K. Hearn, 12th president, Wake Forest University

Slogan 
Opp's city slogan is "The City of OPPortunity".

References

Cities in Alabama
The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau that covers most of South India.  It is triangular, surrounded by three mountain ranges.  It extends over eight Indian states (principally, Telangana, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu).

The plateau covers , 27.7 percent of India's landmass.

The uplands, areas of higher landmass, form a triangle that is nested in the familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian sub-continent's coastline. In the south of India, the plateau is largely over  above sea level. In the north it is mostly about  above sea level.  
The plateau is extremely large, and there are many habitats: different ecosystems with different sorts of vegetation, climate, geology and animals.  The forests on the plateau are older than the Himalayan mountains.
The Western Ghats and The Eastern Ghats surround the west and east of the plateau respectively. These mountain ranges rise from their nearby coastal plains and nearly meet at the southern tip of India. The mountains make the southward-pointing vertex of a triangle.  The northern boundary of the triangle is made up by the Satpura Range and Vindhya Range. These northern ranges separate the plateau from the heavily populated riverine plains of northern India.

The name is an anglicised form of the Prakrit word dakkhin, which comes from the Sanskrit word dakṣiṇa- (), meaning 'South' or 'The South'.

The Deccan Traps
The Deccan Traps 

The Deccan Traps are a main cause of the special geography and geology of South India. They are a large igneous province on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India (between 17–24N, 73–74E) and one of the largest volcanic features on the planet. They consist of multiple layers of solidified flood basalt that are more than  thick and cover an area of . The term 'trap', used in geology for such rock formations, is derived from the Dutch word for stairs, referring to the step-like hills forming the landscape of the region.
History 
The Deccan Traps formed between 60 and 68 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period. The bulk of the volcanic eruption occurred at the Western Ghats (near present-day Mumbai) some 66 million years ago. This series of eruptions may have lasted fewer than 30,000 years in total. The gases released in the process may have played a role in the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, which included the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs. The consensus among the scientific community is that the extinction was triggered by the Chicxulub impact event in Central America but that the Deccan eruptions also disrupted the planet's climate.

Before the Deccan Traps region was reduced to its current size by erosion and plate tectonics, it is estimated that the original area covered by the lava flows was as large as 1.5 million km², about half the size of modern India. The present area of directly observable lava flows is estimated to be around .
The release of volcanic gases, particularly sulfur dioxide, during the formation of the traps contributed to contemporary climate change.  Data point to an average fall in temperature of 2 °C (3.6 °F) during this period.

References 

Flood basalts
Plateaus
Volcanoes of Asia
Mountains of India
Ozark is a city in and the county seat of Dale County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 14,368.

Notable Residents
 Josh Savage (1980-)
 Wilbur Jackson (NFL player)

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Oneonta is a city in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 6,938. The city is the county seat of Blount County. Oneonta is home to the Covered Bridge Festival.

History
Oneonta became the county seat in 1889 when it was moved from Blountsville.

During World War II, a small POW camp was outside of Oneonta.

City government
The city government is made up a Mayor and a five-person city council.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
The Princess Alice (Alice Maud Mary: Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine by marriage; April 25, 1843 – December 14, 1878). 

She was the second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. In 1861, she acted as the nurse to her dying father, and became interested in nursing. 

In 1862, she married Prince Louis of Hesse and moved to Hesse, where she had several children including Princess Elisabeth of Hesse, Alice Romanov Chaytow and Alexandra, future Russian Empress and wife of Tsar Nicholas II. 

After an unhappy marriage and a number of family deaths, the royal family of Hesse caught diphtheria. Alice's younger son died, and after kissing the elder one, she caught the disease and died on the anniversary of her father's death, 14 December 1878. She is buried in Hesse.
Titles and styles
 25 April 1843 – 1 July 1862: Her Royal Highness The Princess Alice
 1 July 1862 – 13 June 1877: Her Royal Highness Princess Louis of Hesse and by Rhine
 13 June 1877 – 14 December 1878: Her Royal Highness The Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine

References

Other websites
K. D. Reynolds, ‘Alice, Princess (1843–1878)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2007 accessed 27 Nov 2008

1843 births
1878 deaths
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
19th-century British people
British princesses
The Illuminatus! Trilogy is a series of three novels written by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson between 1969 and 1971, and first published in 1975. The trilogy is a satirical, postmodern, science fiction story.

References

Series of books
Science fiction books
A Fnord is the typographic representation of disinformation or useless information with the intent to misdirect or confuse, with the implication of a conspiracy.
The word was coined as a nonsensical term with religious undertones in the Discordian religious text Principia Discordia (1965) by Kerry Thornley and Greg Hill, but was popularized by The Illuminatus! Trilogy (1975) of satirical conspiracy fiction novels by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.

Books
The Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson,  (Hardback collected edition) &  (Paperback collected edition)
The Golden Apple by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson, 
Schrödinger's Cat by Robert Anton Wilson, 

Typography
Deception
Disinformation is false or inaccurate information that is spread on purpose  and is intended to mislead. It may include the handing out of forged documents, manuscripts, and photographs, or circulating malicious rumors and fabricated intelligence. Quite often this word is used in context of a government or large organisation trying to cause difficulties for a rival.

References

Deception
Principia Discordia is a Discordian religious text written by Greg Hill (Malaclypse The Younger) and Kerry Thornley (Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst). It was originally published under the title Principia Discordia or How The West Was Lost in a limited edition of 5 copies in 1965.

1965 books
Discordianism is a postmodern religion in which disorder (also called discord) is as important as order, existing within chaos. It was founded circa 1958–1959 by Malaclypse the Younger, who published its most important text: the Principia Discordia.

The Sacred Chao and Five fingered hand of ERIS are the most recognized symbols of Discordianism.

Discordian calendar
The Discordian calendar (also called Erisian calendar) is an alternative calendar used by followers of the discordian religion

The discordian year 1 YOLD is 1166 BC.

Implementations
ddate is a linux program that prints the current date in the discordian calendar, in August 2011, ddate was made optional, and was removed in 2012, being readded in 2013

Other websites 
 PrincipiaDiscordia.com – contains the Principia Discordia in HTML.

New religious movements
This is a list of the Mayors and Lord Mayors of Manchester in the North West of England.

Mayors of Manchester

1838–1892

Lord Mayors of Manchester

19th century

20th century

21st century

References

Other websites
The Lord Mayor's Office

 
Lists
Lists of English people
Manchester
A tractor is a strong work vehicle used for farming. It usually has a seat for only the driver, and can be used to pull many different tools or trailers.

Most tractors use big wheels, but some use rubber tracks to spread their weight over a large area. This is useful for farmers in places with very soft or muddy ground where a tractor with wheels might get stuck.

References

Land vehicles
Agricultural machinery
The insect family Mantophasmatidae is the sole family in its order. It is a group of African carnivorous insects discovered in 2002. The most common vernacular name for this order is gladiators, but it is not well known under any name. 

Their modern centre of endemism is western South Africa and Namibia, although a relict population and Eocene fossils suggest a wider ancient distribution.

Members of the order are wingless even as adults, making them relatively difficult to identify. They resemble a mix between praying mantids and phasmids. Molecular evidence indicates that they are most closely related to a family known as the Grylloblattidae.

The mantophasmids were originally described from old museum specimens that found in Namibia (Mantophasma zephyra) and Tanzania (M. subsolana), and from a 45-million-year-old specimen of Baltic amber (Raptophasma kerneggeri).

The most recent classification recognizes numerous genera, including fossils.

References 

Insects
The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is home to 211,800 people, covers 41 square miles, and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston.  Until 1974 the area was part of  Cheshire.

References

Other websites

 www.trafford.gov.uk, Trafford Council.
 www.trafford.nhs.uk , Trafford NHS website.
NT stands for:
Northern Territory, a territory in Australia
Windows NT, a series of Microsoft Windows operating systems made by Microsoft
NTFS, a filesystem used by Windows NT
A software developer is a company or person that creates software - either completely, or with other companies or people. The phrase 'software development' often means more than just designing or writing the software, it usually means someone who manages the project, or does only the main things. Most software developers are still led by a lead programmer (a software engineer that guides the project).

A programmer generally only writes code, but a software developer usually will:

Work out the requirements to use the software
Develop prototypes
Work on the budget and finances of the project
Perform testing, or get ideas from testers they select before the software is released
Work on demonstrations or samples
Release updates and patches for the software.

References 

Industries
The Ford Granada was a car produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1972 to 1985  (to 1994 in the UK). The third generation Granada was sold as the Scorpio in Europe and as the Granada in the UK. 

The first generation appeared in March 1972 with saloon and estate versions, some lower-end models were called the Consul.  

The second generation launched in September 1977 with the same saloon and estate models and got a facelift in 1981. 

The third generation arrived in May 1985 with a hatchback version only, it was sold as the Scorpio in Europe and as the Granada in the UK, the Scorpio name was used as a trim level on higher-end versions in the UK. A saloon version was added in early 1990 and an estate was added in early 1992, alongside a small facelift.