Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Top quarks or truth quarks are the heaviest known elementary particles (particles that are so small that they can not be divided). All quarks are elementary particles, and since they are fermions (which means that no two of them can exist in the same place at the same time), they have a spin of 1/2. Top quarks interact with all four of the fundamental forces, which are gravity, electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force. Almost all of the time, top quarks will decay into a bottom quark and a W boson, although it can sometimes decay into a strange quark.

One top quark weighs about as much as one atom of tungsten. Since top quarks are so massive, scientists have been able to make predictions about the mass of the Higgs Boson, the only type of boson with an intrinsic spin of 0 (scalar boson). Unfortunately, top quarks are only believed to be able to exist for 5x10–25 seconds.

References

Quarks
Gauge bosons are carrier particles for three of the four fundamental forces. In the Standard Model of particle physics, there are four kinds of gauge bosons. The three gauge bosons are as follows:

 W and Z bosons, which carry the weak force
 Gluons, which carry the strong force
 Photons, which carry the electromagnetic force

The only remaining fundamental force that has no known gauge boson is gravity. The theoretical gauge boson for gravity is called a graviton.

All gauge bosons are bosons, which simply means that two or more of them can exist in the same place at the same time, unlike fermions. It also means that gauge bosons have a spin of 0, 1, or 2. 

Gauge bosons are thought to interact with the Higgs field. This theoretical field is believed by many scientists to be responsible for why some gauge bosons – like W and Z bosons – have mass, while others – such as photons – do not have mass.

Elementary particles
Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (May 5, 1846 – November 15, 1916) was a Polish journalist and Nobel Prize-winning novelist.

Works
 Quo Vadis (made into an Oscar-winning film starring Peter Ustinov)
 In Desert and Wilderness ()
 The Teutonic Knights ()
 The trilogy: The Fire and the Sword (), The Deluge () and Colonel Wołodyjowski ().

1846 births
1916 deaths
Polish journalists
Polish novelists
Polish Nobel Prize winners
Hyperons themselves decay due to weak force. There are dozens of different hyperon combinations. For example, a Λ (lambda) hyperon has a charge of 0, and is often written as Λ0. When it decays, it usually creates one proton, and one antipion. Like many forms of weak force decay, there is more than one possible outcome. A Λ0 also has a significantly lower, but still possible, chance to decay into a neutron and an uncharged pion. Λ0 hyperons have an average lifespan of 2.6x10−10 seconds, which makes it one of the longest living hyperons.

Scientists still study hyperons in labs across the world, such as CERN, Fermilab, and SLAC. Hyperons provide answers questions for problems such as CP Violation, in which symmetries that were believed to be true may not be true.

Quantum mechanics
Subatomic particles
Dithering is the intentional use of noise (random sounds) to reduce the error of compression. 

Example below: 

Digital signal processing
Computer graphics
Sound
The Donner Party were a group of at least 87 American settlers who tried to cross the Sierra Nevada into California in the winter of 1846–47. Most historians count 87 members of the party. Stephen McCurdy in the Western Journal of Medicine includes three others, bringing the number to 90. 39 of them died from starvation, disease and the cold weather. The rest reached California the following year. They became famous in the history of the American West.

Journey 
The party left Springfield, Illinois in April 1846. They were led by two brothers, Jacob and George Donner. The settlers followed the California Trail to Fort Bridger in Wyoming. From there, they left the trail to take a different route that was not used much. It was reportedly a shorter way to California. This route was called the Hastings' Cutoff. There was much hardship and suffering on this route. They wasted 18 precious days. Instead of being shorter, it took them much longer to get across Nevada.
On October 28, heavy snows trapped the settlers in the Sierra Nevada mountains. The group made shelters, but ran out of food. Some of them resorted to cannibalism in order to survive.

On December 16, seventeen people tried to go west again. Of these, two went back to the camp. Of the fifteen who kept going, seven stayed alive and reached a settlement on the western side of the mountains after 32 days. After this, a rescue party went back, and in about two weeks made it to one of the camps set up in the mountains. After this, three more groups tried to rescue those trapped in the mountains. The last person was rescued on April 7,1847. In all, 45 people from the original Donner Party died, and there were 36 who survived. All the survivors made it to California, but they disagreed about what happened during the winter and whose fault it was.

Memorials 
Today, there are several memorials to the group, including a monument and the Donner Memorial State Park. A lake was also named after them.
In popular culture 
Puppet History talked about the Donner Party in the episode "The Grisly Journey of the Donner Party."

References

1846
1847
1840s in California
American explorers
American cannibals
Body of Evidence is a 1993 American erotic thriller movie starring Madonna, Willem Dafoe, Joe Mantegna, Anne Archer and Julianne Moore. The movie was written by Brad Mirman, directed Uri Edel and produced by Dino De Laurentiis. It was given an "NC-17" rating because it showed female nudity, sex scenes, and vulgar language. The movie performed very poorly at the box office and was rejected by critics; the New York Times described it as a "sluggish courtroom melodrama." The 99 minute long movie was released by MGM.

Plot
Rebecca Carlson (Madonna) is on trial in Oregon for murder. The district attorney Robert Garret (Joe Mantegna) is sure she used her body as a weapon, causing her victim to die from a heart attack while having sex. She will inherit eight million dollars from the victim. She hires a good lawyer, Frank Dulaney (Willem Dafoe) to defend her in court.

References

Other websites
Other websites

1990s erotic movies
1990s legal movies
1993 thriller movies
American erotic movies
American legal movies
American thriller movies
German movies
BDSM in movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Oregon
Portland, Oregon
Movies directed by Uli Edel
American independent movies
The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait was a military campaign to occupy Kuwait in the Persian Gulf. Started by Saddam Hussein in 1990 who accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi oil through slant drilling. In August 2, 1990 Iraq launched 88,000 troops backed up by 750 tanks into Kuwait. Two days after the invasion Kuwait was fully occupied and surrendered. Saddam Hussein made a temporary annexation of Kuwait as the 19th province of Iraq. It was not recognized by the United Nations or other countries.

Oil production 
After the occupation, Iraq took over many of the Kuwaiti oil fields and started taking the oil to keep for Iraq. Factories, businesses and industries were also taken over by Iraqis as well.

Operation Desert Storm 

After seven months of occupation, the United Nations launched a US led coalition to enter Kuwait to free it from Iraq.

History of the Middle East
History of Kuwait
Wars involving Iraq
1990 in Asia
Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah (born 16 June 1929 in Kuwait City – 15 January 2006) was an Emir of Kuwait, also known as the Last Emir in and before the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait.

References

1929 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Leuconostoc is a gram-positive bacteria, emerging human pathogen found in environment and food products. Risk factors of infection include antibiotic pressure, foreign device, or underlying immune defects. Commercial diagnostics are commonly used to identify gram-positive bacteria, with errors mostly at the species level.

Gram-positive bacteria
Pediococcus is a genus of gram-positive lactic acid bacteria. They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera. They are purely homofermentative.

Pediococcus strains are found in foods, on plants, and as beer-spoilage agents. They produce inactive lactic acid and are used mainly for making fermented vegetables, mashes, beer, and wort.

Gram-positive bacteria
Portishead (, with the stress on head) are an English musical group from Bristol. The band is named after the nearby town of the same name,  west of Bristol. Portishead is Geoff Barrow, Beth Gibbons, and Adrian Utley, while sometimes using a fourth member Dave McDonald; an engineer on Dummy.

References

1991 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Organisations based in Bristol
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical trios
Trip hop groups
Charles Robert Knight (October 21, 1874 – April 15, 1953) was an American artist famous for his paintings of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals.

His works were reproduced in many books, and are on display at several major museums in the United States.

Early career 

As a child, Knight was deeply interested in nature and animals, and spent many hours copying the illustrations from his father’s natural history books. Though legally blind, he was partially sighted. He had severe astigmatism, and a later injury to his right eye, but had specially-designed glasses. At twelve, he enrolled at the Metropolitan Art School to become a commercial artist.

In his free time, Knight visited the American Museum of Natural History, and attracted the attention of Dr. Jacob Wortman. Soon the museum commissioned Knight to produce a series of watercolors for their fossil halls.
These paintings were hugely popular among visitors, and Knight continued to work with the museum well into the 1930s. He painted what would become some of the most celebrated images of dinosaurs, prehistoric mammals, and prehistoric humans.

One of Knight's best-known pieces for the American Museum of Natural History is 1897’s Leaping Laelaps, one of the few pre-1960s images to present dinosaurs as active, fast-moving creatures. This was long before the theories of modern paleontologists like Robert Bakker.

Other familiar American Museum paintings include Knight’s portrayals of Agathaumas, Allosaurus, Brontosaurus, Smilodon, and the Woolly Mammoth. All of these have been reproduced many times.

Nationwide attention
Soon, natural history museums throughout the country began asking Knight for paintings as background for their own fossil exhibits. In 1925 Knight produced an elaborate mural for the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. This illustrated some of the birds and mammals whose remains had been found in the nearby La Brea Tar Pits.

The following year, Knight began a 28-mural series for Chicago’s Field Museum of Natural History, a project which showed the history of life on earth and took four years to complete. At the Field Museum, he produced one of his best-known pieces, a mural featuring Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops.  This confrontation scene between a predator and its prey would inspire many imitations, establishing the two dinosaurs as 'mortal enemies' in the popular consciousness.
Knight’s work also found its way to the Carnegie Museums in Pittsburgh; the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.; and Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History, among others. Several zoos, such as the Bronx Zoo, the Lincoln Park Zoo, and the Brookfield Zoo, also got Knight to paint murals of their living animals.

Knight illustrated books and magazines, and became a frequent contributor to National Geographic.  He also wrote and illustrated several books of his own, such as Before the Dawn of History (Knight, 1935), Life Through the Ages (1946), Animal Drawing: Anatomy and Action for Artists (1947), and Prehistoric Man: The Great Adventure (1949). Additionally, Knight became a popular lecturer, describing prehistoric life to audiences across the country.

Legacy
Legacy

Knight worked in an era when new and often fragmentary fossils were coming out of the American west in quantity. Understandably, not all of his creations were based on solid evidence. His painting of ceratopsians as solitary animals in lush grassy landscapes was incorrect. The grasslands which feature in many of his paintings did not appear until the Cainozoic, and ceratopsians are known to have been gregarious animals.

Knight restored many dinosaurs with typical reptilian-like limbs and narrow hips. In the 1920s, studies by palaeontologists had confirmed that dinosaurs had broad avian-like hips rather than those of a present-day reptile.
Knight often restored extinct mammals, birds and marine reptiles in action poses, but his depictions of large dinosaurs as ponderous swamp-dwellers destined for extinction reflected more traditional concepts. In his catalogue to Life through the Ages (1946), he repeated views he had written earlier (Knight, 1935). He described the great beasts as "slow-moving dunces" that were "unadaptable and unprogressive" while conceding that small dinosaurs may have been more active. In fact, by their long survival in a world of many predators, herbivorous dinosaurs were as effective as they needed to be.

The dinosaur tail 

The single most obvious fault in his dinosaur paintings was one he shared with all the paleontologists of his day. They did not realise the tail was used as a counterbalance, and so in movement was held horizontal, not dragged along the ground. In many species the ligaments of the tail were ossified (turned into bone), so the tail simply must have been horizontal. Deinonychus is a good example.
This issue, which was certainly not Knight's fault, limits the usefulness today of many of his best illustrations.

Admirers 
Other admirers have included special effects artist Ray Harryhausen, who writes in his autobiography An Animated Life, “Long before Obie (Willis O'Brien), myself, and Steven Spielberg, he put flesh on creatures that no human had ever seen. […] At the L.A. County Museum I vividly remember a beautiful Knight mural on one of the walls depicting the way the tar pits would have looked in ancient times.  This, plus a picture book about Knight’s work my mother gave me, were my first encounters with a man who was to prove an enormous help when the time came for me to make three-dimensional models of these extinct beings”.
Modern publications 
Though many other paleoartists have succeeded Knight (most notably Zdeněk Burian) Knight’s paintings still remain very popular among paleontology enthusiasts.
 A commemorative edition of Knight’s 1946 book Life Through the Ages was recently published by Indiana University Press 
 A 2007 calendar  of Knight’s paintings is also available.
 Fantasy artist William Stout has been compiling a series of Charles Knight Sketchbooks, which contain many rare and previously unpublished drawings and studies by Knight.

References 

American painters
1874 births
1953 deaths
UNKLE (also written as Unkle and U.N.K.L.E.) is a British musical band founded in 1994 by school friends James Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy. Originally in the trip-hop business, the group once included producer DJ Shadow and has used a variety of guest artists and producers.

References

Trip hop groups
Joseph Erlanger (5 January, 1874- 5 December, 1965) was an American physiologist. He won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Herbert Spencer Gasser, for discovering that different nerve fibres have different functions.

He was of Jewish descent.

References

1874 births
1965 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American neuroscientists
Scientists from San Francisco
American physiologists
Educators from San Francisco
Herbert Gasser (Herbert Spencer Gasser, July 5, 1888  May 11, 1963) was an American doctor. He won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Joseph Erlanger.

Gasser discovered the different conductivity rates of different groups of nerve fibres. The work led to advances in our knowledge of the mechanism of pain and of reflex action and has inspired a large school of neurophysiologists. The Nobel Foundation described their work as "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" which probably means 'different fibres do different things'.

References

1888 births
1963 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American physiologists
Scientists from Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Pseudopodia  are temporary and cytoplasm-filled parts of the cell membrane that are able to change their form in order to move. They are used in some eukaryotic cells to move around or to eat. Most cells that do this are called amoeboids. The amoeba is a common example.

The cell wall makes a network of fibers. The cytoplasm flows into the network and fills it up, similar to a net filled with gelatin. This is able to move, lengthen, or shorten. The pseudopodia extends from the amoeba. Then the main part of the amoeba flows into that pseudopodia and the amoeba has changed its place.

Pseudopods are one of the three locomotion modes of unicellular organisms (together with flagella and cilia). Pseudopods can also capture prey by phagocytosis. Pseudopedia are used by some cells to move around. They can detect food and place it inside the cell. The human white blood cell uses this way to get around.
Pseudopods can be classified into several varieties according to their appearance:
Lobopodia are short and blunt in form, very typical of Amoeba.It uses pseudopodia to capture it's food and for movement 
Filopodia are more slender and filiform with pointed ends.
Reticulopodia, also known as reticulose pseudopods, are complex formations where individual pseudopods are blended together and form irregular nets.
Axopodia are thin pseudopods and are enveloped by cytoplasm. Axopodia are responsible for phagocytosis, by rapidly retracting in response to physical contacts.  They are observed in radiolaria and heliozoa.

Cell biology
Tricky (born Adrian Nicholas Matthews Thaws, 27 January 1968) is an English musician and actor. As a producer and a musician, he is noted for a dark, rich and layered sound and a whispering lyrical style. Culturally, Tricky encourages a togetherness of societies, particularly in his musical ensemble of rock and hip hop, high art and pop culture. His debut album Maxinquaye was nominated for the Mercury Prize and voted Album of the Year by NME Magazine.

Early life
Tricky was born in Knowle West, Bristol, England. His father left the family before he was born and his mother, Maxine Quaye, committed suicide when he was only four. He named his solo album after her - Maxinquaye - and once said that though he hardly knew her, he feels like she's speaking through him with his words.
He spent his childhood and teen years in the care of his grandmother, who often let him watch old horror movies instead of going to school. At 15 he began to write lyrics ("I like to rock, I like to dance, I like pretty girls taking down their pants" MixMag 1996) At 17, he spent some time in prison because he bought forged £50 notes from a friend, who later told the police. In an interview, Tricky said: "Prison was really good. I'm never going back" (NME 1995).

Albums
 Maxinquaye (1995) #3 UK
 Nearly God (1996) #10 UK
 Pre-Millennium Tension (1996) #30 UK, #140 US
 Angels with Dirty Faces (1998) #23 UK, #84 US
 Juxtapose (1999) (with DJ Muggs and Dame Grease) #22 UK, #182 US
 Blowback (2001) #34 UK, #138 US
 Vulnerable (2003) #88 UK
 Knowle West Boy (2008) #63 UK, #147 US
 Mixed Race (2010) #118 UK
 False Idols (2013) #66 UK, #149 US

References

Trip hop musicians
1968 births
English singers
Living people
The Wild Bunch were a sound system based in the St Pauls area of Bristol, England from 1983 to 1986.  The group was known for playing sets that drew large crowds on the club scene and had performed shows as far away as London. They performed in soundclashes against other Bristol sound systems. The Wild Bunch's sound used a lot of different musical styles - an unusual thing at the time. Their shows included parts of punk, R&B and reggae, with a use on slower rhythms and ambient electronic music that would become a start of the Bristol sound, more popularly known as trip-hop. They were a key member of what became the Bristol underground scene.
The Wild Bunch is perhaps best known for having been the first group of several notable British DJs and performers:
 Robert Del Naja, Grant Marshall and Andrew Vowles, went on to form Massive Attack in 1987.
 Tricky, also a part-time member of the outfit, performed with Massive Attack on their first and second full-length releases, Blue Lines and Protection respectively, before pursuing a successful solo career.
 Nellee Hooper, who moved to London after the group's dissolution and worked as a producer and remixer for a number of major artists, including Madonna, U2, No Doubt, Björk and Massive Attack themselves.  He won the 1995 BRIT Award for Best Producer.  He was also a member of Soul II Soul.

References

Musical groups
Rhynchosaurs were a group of Triassic diapsid reptiles related to the archosaurs.  They were herbivores, and at times abundant (in some fossil localities accounting for 40 to 60% of specimens found), with stocky bodies and a powerful beak.

They became extinct at the End-Triassic extinction event.

Reptiles
Fossils
Vitoria-Gasteiz is the capital of the Basque Country. It is in the north of Spain and was a little town until 1950. Since 1950 the city has changed a lot because of important industrialization.

The official name of the city is Vitoria-Gasteiz. People usually call it simply Vitoria or Gasteiz. In Basque it is called Gasteiz, and some Basque speakers call it Vitorixe.

Population
In 2010, Vitoria-Gasteiz had a population of more or less 240,000. Between 1960 and 1970, the city grew quickly as people arrived to work at the new and great industrial companies. Statistics say the population doubled between these dates, and this is the motive for a great transformation, not only demographic but social.
Later, in 1980, Vitoria-Gasteiz  was named the Basque Country capital, and the new public institutions, the Basque Government and Basque Parliament were located in Vitoria. This was an important impetus for the tertiary sector. This, together with the great industrial firms were responsible for a big social change in the city.

There has been another change in the population as people have come from other countries in recent years to work in building and industry. This happened later in Vitoria-Gasteiz and the Basque Country than in other areas. Today, non-EU (European Union) newcomers form 5.8% of the population in Vitoria-Gasteiz, 5% in Araba and 3.4% in the Basque Country. The main motive why Vitoria-Gasteiz has more of these immigrants is because recently there was a lot of jobs in building, a sector where Basque people won't work.
Industrialization
Vitoria-Gasteiz became an industrial city in the second half of the twentieth century. There had been some companies already. For example, Bartolome Riego set up a printing press in the town for the first time in 1722.
 
Industries began on the outskirts of the city, away from the centre, special areas for making objects. Companies from  Biscay (Bizkaia) and Gipuzkoa moved to Vitoria because land was cheaper there. Between 1950 and 1977, 833 companies started in the city.
 
The largest effects of this was that the city grew quickly, with many immigrants and a mixture of cultures. Between 1950 and 1975 the population grew from 53,000 to 173,000. In 1975, only 41.8% of the population had been born in the city.

History
History

Medieval origins
Vitoria-Gasteiz is a very old city. It was founded in 1180 by the Navarrese King Sancho VI, who conquered the small hill village of Gasteiz and decided to call it New Victoria.
Only nineteen years later the city fell into the hands Castille´s King Alfonso VIII. The new king enlarged the city with three new streets on the west side of the hill. (Correría, Zapatería, Herrería)
In 1202 a terrible fire almost destroyed the town.
The city prospered quickly it was on  the shortest way between the Court of Castille and northern Europe.

Between the 15th and 18th centuries 
In 1443 another terrible fire affected the western part of the city.
After that, new houses had to be built of stone and adobe.
In 1492 the expulsion of Jews had an negative impact and caused a long period of decline.

19th century
19th century

In this century the customs house was moved from Vitoria to the coast, seriously affecting  the local economy. However, the effect was softened with the development of the services sector. In 1813 Spanish forces with their allies defeated France in the Battle of Vitoria, ending the French invasion.

20th century

With the turn of the century come the first modern factories. They were small family businesses. Now there are also multinationals, for example Mercedes Benz and Michelin.
Between 1950 and 1975 the city tripled its population and new districts were built.
In 1980 the Basque Parliament chose Vitoria-Gasteiz as the capital of the Basque Country.

21st century

The city is characterized as green and sustainable.
We could define the current Vitoria-Gasteiz as a city designed and planned to live in.

Buildings
Buildings

Vitoria-Gasteiz has several important buildings. Its medieval quarter is in the highest part of the city.
Its streets are narrow. There are several historic houses : Montehermoso, Villasuso, Escoriaza, Esquíbel, etc. There are also the Archaeology and Card Museums.
Other buildings are the Cordon House, and the Portalon, where there is a famous restaurant.

In Senda Avenue is Ajuria-Enea, the house of the President of the Basque Country.
Opposite it is the Ruiz de Austri Palace, now the Fine Art Gallery.

The Architect Olaguibel designed the Arquillos building, the most important in the City.

Environment
Vitoria - Gasteiz will be European  Green Capital in 2012. The European Green Capital Conference in Stockholm gave the award to Vitoria on  21 October 2011; Other cities competed, for example Barcelona, Malmo, Nantes, Nuremberg and Reykjavik. In the end Vitoria, the second smallest city, was champion.
Vitoria has a green ring around the city, with more than 11000 hectares  (27,000 acres) of trees and different species of animals. There are also a lot of tracks for walking and cycing.

Water usage is another reason why Gasteiz won the award, because it is one the cities of Europe than wastes less water - only 10%, and its inhabitants are reasonable consumers. Other towns lose 50%.   25% of domestic rubbish is recycled, but it is possible to improve.

It is true that a lot of inhabitants use  public transport (trams and buses) and bike to move in the city but there are too many people who use cars.

The prize is very important for the city because its population has been working on improving its environment for the last 30 years. With the green capital prize the environment is the future for Vitoria and its inhabitants.

Museums and Art Galleries
The Museo de Bellas Artes - the Fine Art Gallery - in Frai Francisco Walk (street) is of special interest. It is an early twentieth century renaissance style building opposite Ajuria Enea, the lehendakari’s (Basque president) residence. In this museum there are paintings by Ignacio Zuloaga, Joaquin Sorolla, Ignacio Diaz de Olano and Fernando Amarica.

Another important art gallery is the Artium (Basque Museum of Contemporary Art) The permanent collection has works by Basque and Spanish artists with paintings, sculptures, prints, photographs and videos made by Chillida, Oteiza, and Moraza, among others. This modern building was opened in 2002 and is on Frantzia Street.

Bibat is an important museum, devoted to archaeology and playing cards. This museum is in an old renaissance building in Aiztogile Street, recently renovated by the architect Patxi Mangado.
There are other interesting museums such as the Arms Museum in Fray Francisco Walk or the Museum of Natural Sciences  in  Doña Ochanda Tower, a fort house built in the sixteenth century, in Jesusen Zerbitzarien Fundatzailean Street. Nearby is the Museum of the lanterns in Zapateri street.

Vitoria is also an outdoor museum with sculptures and statues in its streets by contemporary artists such as Oteiza, Ibarrola, Chillida, Casto Solano, Nestor Basterrechea, etc.

Cuisine

Although Vitoria-Gasteiz food is similar to the rest of the Basque Country, the city does have its specialities. "Perretxikos" (Calocybe_gambosa/St. George's mushroom), a type of mushroom, and snails are two traditional dishes of the city.
In  early December, the province of Araba holds its "cazuelitas" (small dishes) and wine week. About twenty-five pubs participate, including more than twenty in Vitoria-Gasteiz, and you can eat small portions of local dishes and drink local wines.  Another event, Vinogourmet, takes place about the same time. This fair is held in the city’s food market, with wine on the ground floor and pintxos (bar snacks) on the first floor.

There is an important restaurant in the city. Its name is "El Portalon". It is located in a beautiful fifteenth century house. In this restaurant the food is very good.
In 2010, the Ikea restaurant won its first Michelin star.

Tourists say Vitoria-Gasteiz has very good cake-shops.

Leisure
Leisure in Vitoria refers to several things, music and performing arts, concerts and festivals.

The city’s most famous concerts  take place in Los Fueros Square in the Blanca holidays in August, and very important Spanish groups come to Vitoria.
There are also events for the young. Workshops, where children can have fun making thing, for example, Christmas cards.

On the first Saturday of every month there is a market in the old part of the city, where people sell home and beauty products, cheese and other foods and all types of things. Once a year in September there is a medieval market.

At The Principal Theatre you can see plays, shows, dances etc.

There are also a lot of pubs and restaurants to spend the afternoon and evening with friends. The “pintxo-pote” is typical every Thursday in the pubs of Gasteiz, in these the price of a small glass of wine and a snack is €1.
Political Data
Vitoria is the political and administrative capital of the Basque Country and home of its principal autonomous institutions.
The Basque Parliament is the legislative body of the autonomous region. There are 75 MPs (Members of Parliament),25 of each of the three provinces.
In the current parliament (since 2009), the distribution of seats among the various political parties is as follows: 

Of these MPs, 40 are women, and 35 are men. The current Speaker/President of the Chamber is Arantxa Quiroga.
The Basque Government headquarters are also in the city, in Lakua, and the official residence of the President of the Basque Government is  Ajuria Enea, in Fray Francisco Street.
The current Prime Minister is Patxi López.

Another institution that has its headquarters in Vitoria is the Diputación Foral de Álava, the provincial council. There are 51 seats on the council. After the 2007 elections, the distribution among political parties is as follows:
The current General Deputy of Alava is Xabier Aguirre.

The city council of Vitoria is made up of 27 councillors. The distribution of political parties in the current term is:
          
The current mayor is Patxi López.

In addition to the City Council, there are a small administrative units that are the councils of the different villages that make up the municipality of Vitoria (about 60 villages, some of which are being absorbed by the growth of the city).

Related pages 

 Basque Country
 Deportivo Alavés

References

Other websites 

 Vitoria-Gasteiz City Council
 Tourist information
 Vitoria-Gasteiz travel information at Wikivoyage

Capital cities in Spain
Álava
Municipalities in the Basque Country
Once Upon A Time in the West () is a Spaghetti Western movie from 1968. It was directed by Sergio Leone. The music is by Ennio Morricone. It stars Claudia Cardinale, Henry Fonda, Charles Bronson and Jason Robards.

The movie is about the wild west, which is symbolized through the railroad. Henry Fonda plays a cruel murderer named Frank. Charles Bronson is a magic man with a harmonica; Claudia Cardinale plays a beautiful widow, Jill McBain.

Other websites 
 

American Western (genre) movies
1968 movies
1960s Western (genre) movies
Italian movies
United States National Film Registry movies
English-language movies
Italian-language movies
Multilingual movies
Movies about revenge
Movies directed by Sergio Leone
Movies composed by Ennio Morricone
A season is one of the major divisions of the year.

Season may also mean:

 Season (sports), the part of the year when games are played
 Season (television), or series, a cycle or set of episodes of a television program
 Seasoning, spices on food
 Seasons, Suffolk a listed building in Suffolk, England
The End-Triassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 201.3 million years ago. However, many of the extinctions occurred before then in the Upper Triassic.
 
Overall, this was one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon. It profoundly affected life on land and in the oceans. At least half the species now known to have been living on Earth at that time became extinct. It was a series of extinctions when life was hit by volcanic events.

A whole class, the conodonts (extinct chordates); 20% of all marine families; all large crurotarsans (non-dinosaurian archosaurs); some remaining therapsids; and many of the large amphibians such as the temnospondyls were wiped out. 

The event emptied many ecological niches, and allowed the dinosaurs to take over the dominant roles in the Jurassic period. This event happened in less than 10,000 years, and occurred just before Pangaea started to break apart.
Scientists have suggested several explanations for this event, but all have unanswered challenges:
 Asteroid impact: no known impact crater has been dated to coincide with the Triassic–Jurassic boundary.
 Gradual climate change or sea-level fluctuations during the Upper Triassic. Sea level was low at the end of the Triassic, and the climate on Pangaea was arid. However, this does not explain the suddenness of the extinctions. 
 Massive volcanic eruptions would release carbon dioxide, which would cause intense global warming, or sulfur dioxide and aerosols, which would cause severe cooling. The flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) occurred at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. This is the favoured explanation of several palaeontologists.

Recent evidence 
A recent paper in PNAS shows fairly clearly that mass volcanism was involved. It was probably the primary cause of the extinction. Mercury is present in volcanic rocks found at the end-Triassic boundary.
Mercury is emitted in gaseous form during volcanism, and deposited in sediments. The paper says "Such episodic volcanism likely perturbed the global environment over a long time and strongly delayed ecological recovery".

References 

Extinction events
Mesozoic
The Italian Invasion of Albania Of 1939 (Italian ; Invasione Italiana Dell'Albania/Albanian ; Pushtimi Italian I Shqiperise) was a military campaign by Fascist Italy to Occupy Albania.

Preparation
Benito Mussolini started the plan and began to build up armies on the Italian water border. Albania was aware of the invasion but did not Know when it would happen, Zog I the King of the Albanians ordered out his armies in defense in case.

Beginning
On April 7, Mussolini launched a surprise attack on the Albanian coast. A fleet of Italian ships were ready and prepared to advance inland. The Italians then attacked the coast without any warning.

Surrender
Only a day after they attacked they already controlled much of Albania but continued to fight the invasion ended on April 12, after Albania surrendered all of Albania was under Italian control by April 10 though.

1939 in Europe
1930s in Italy
20th century in Albania
Wars involving Italy
April events
1930s conflicts
Piast the Wheelwright was, according to legend, the creator of the Piast dynasty, a son Chościsko, which would go on to rule the Kingdom of Poland. He was first mentioned in the Polish Chronicle of Gallus Anonymus.

References 

Piast dynasty
Yogi Bear is a 2010 comedy starring Tom Cavanagh, Anna Faris, T. J. Miller, Andrew Daly, Nate Corddry, and the voices of Dan Aykroyd and Justin Timberlake.

Plot
When Jellystone Park starts losing visitors, and greedy Mayor Brown starts running out of money, he decides to shut it down and sell the land. That would mean everyone will lose the joy of the outdoors, and worst of all, Yogi and Boo-Boo will be thrown out of the only home they have ever known. So Yogi and Boo Boo must team up with their archenemy, Ranger Smith, to save the park in a week. Also helping them is Rachel, a documentary movie maker that Ranger Smith falls in love with. Mayor Brown tricks Ranger Jones in trying to stop them, so he can be the head ranger. He tricks Yogi into ruining everything, and the park gets shut down. To make things right, Yogi, Boo-Boo, Ranger Smith, Rachel, and Ranger Jones team up, and make Mayor Brown look bad. At the end Mayor Brown gets in trouble, Rachel starts dating Ranger Smith, and the park is saved.
Cast
 Tom Cavanagh as Ranger Smith
 Anna Faris as Rachel
 T. J. Miller as Ranger Jones
 Andrew Daly as Mayor Brown
 Nate Corddry as Chief of Staff
 Dan Aykroyd as the voice of Yogi Bear
 Justin Timberlake as the voice of Boo Boo Bear

References

Related pages
 Yogi Bear
 Hanna-Barbera

2010 animated movies
2010 comedy movies
2010 3D movies
2010s family movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
New Zealand movies
Movies about bears
Warner Bros. movies
California State University, Northridge or CSUN is a public university in Northridge, California, a neighborhood in the United States' second-largest city of Los Angeles. CSUN belongs to the California State University system. It was founded first as the Valley satellite campus of California State University, Los Angeles and adopted its current name of California State University, Northridge in 1972.  It has become the third largest university in the California State System.

CSUN offers a variety of programs leading to bachelor's degrees in 61 fields, master's degrees in 42 fields, and a doctoral degree in educational leadership. Cal State Northridge hosts the National Center on Deafness, and each year the university hosts the International Conference on Technology and Persons with Disabilities.

The school's sports teams, nicknamed "Matadors", play in the Big West Conference.

Colleges

References

California State University
Colleges and universities in Los Angeles
Cal State Northridge
The phylum Bacteroidetes is a large, diverse group of bacteria composed of three large classes that are found across every habitat on Earth including in soil, in sediments, sea water and in the guts and on the skin of animals. The group is composed of around 7000 sub-groups split into six catagories: Bacteroidia, Chitinophagia, Flavobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Saprospiria and Cytophagia.

Bacteroidetes have many roles but primarily breakdown large organic matter such as proteins and complex sugars into smaller molecules. Members of Bacteroidetes can be both helpful and unhelpful to humans to humans and plants. Some members are involved in metabolism and breaking down food. On the other hand, some members are pathogenic, they cause disease in humans. Members of the genus Bacteroides are opportunistic pathogens. Rarely are members of the other two classes pathogenic to humans.
Bacteroidetes in humans 
The gastrointestinal tract in humans is made up of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. This is the path that food enters the body and waste matter leaves the body. The majority of microbes in the human body live in this gastrointestinal tract . Bacteroidetes can be found in all of the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, even though the conditions in each part can be very different from each other.

Bacteroidetes have many functions in humans but their main role is breaking down molecules of food in the small intestine. They break down strong molecules like plant cell walls that human cells find hard to digest. The products of this breakdown reaction are absorbed through the intestine and are used by humans as a source of energy. Bacteroidetes help humans to get energy from strong material and are important for gut health.
The number of Bacteroidetes can be used to indicate the health of the gut. Low numbers can be associated with obesity. Higher numbers are associated with irritable bowel syndrome  and diabetes.

Bacteroidetes as pathogens in humans 
Although many members of Bacteroidetes are needed for a healthy gut in humans, some can act as pathogens to humans. Members of the Bacteroides group are useful bacteria that live in the gut. However, if there is a tear in the intestine, they are able to escape and can cause infections in the body. Bacteroides can cause infections in the gastrointestinal tract and the appendix.

Bacteroides are tolerant to many antibiotics and can share this tolerance with other dangerous bacteria. It can be treated with certain antibiotics but the problem of tolerance is of real concern.
Bacteroidetes in soil 
Members of Bacteroidetes are also found in soil such as members of the Flavobacteria and Sphingobacteria classes. They have been found in many different types of soil including farm soil, greenhouse soil  and untouched soil.

Bacteroidetes is one of the most common bacteria found in the rhizosphere, this is the area surrounding a plant’s roots. They can also be found on the surface of leaves.

Bacteroidetes have a similar role in plants. They break down organic matter, such as proteins, surrounding the roots of a plant into simpler forms that can be taken up by the plant and used as energy.

Like in humans, Bacteroidetes can also cause disease in plants. Flavobacterium johnsoniae is a member of Bacteroidetes which causes decay of plants and vegetables. Some strains of Flavobacterium cause disease in red plants and algae. Bacteroidetes can also break down cell walls damaging plants.
Bacteroidetes in water 
Bacteroidetes can also be found in marine environments such as seas , oceans and lakes. They are the third most common bacteria found in the ocean. They are found on surfaces (living and non-living), rocks and minerals, corals and algae. They are an important part of floating bacterial life (bacterioplankton) in marine environments. Bacterioplankton are involved in the recycling of essential elements in marine ecosystems. Bacteroidetes breakdown large organic matter in marine environments.

References 

Gram-negative bacteria
Bacteroides is a genus of gram-negative bacteria. Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer.

Gram-negative bacteria
Shangri-La is an imaginary valley in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by James Hilton.

Shangri-La may also mean:

Places

Brazil 
Xangri-lá, a city on the coast in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

China 
Shangri-La County, in Yunnan province, China

United States 
Shangri La Botanical Gardens and Nature Center, a botanical garden in Orange, Texas
Camp David, originally called "Shangri-La"
Shangri La (Doris Duke), a mansion outside Honolulu, Hawaii

Uruguay 
Shangrilá, a former seaside resort in Uruguay, now part of Ciudad de la Costa

Entertainment
The Shangri-Las, an American pop group of the 1960 known for "Leader of the Pack" and "Remember (Walkin' in the Sand)"
Shangri-La (novel), a Japanese novel, manga and anime series
Shangri-La (musical), a musical stage adaptation of the Hilton novel
Shangri-La (2002 film), a 2002 film by Takashi Miike
Buildings
Living Shangri-La, a mixed use skyscraper in Vancouver containing the 5-star Shangri-La Hotel Vancouver
Shangri-la Plaza Mall, Philippines
Shangri-La Toronto, a hotel/condominium under construction in Toronto

Other
Shangri-la (Titan), the name of a region on Saturn's main satellite, Titan
USS Shangri-La (CV-38), an aircraft carrier of World War II
The Shangri-La Diet
Shangri-La is a large, dark area on Saturn's moon Titan. It is at . The place is named after Shangri-La, the imaginary valley in Tibet. Some people think it is a very wide plain of dark material. These broad, dark areas of Titan may have been seas, but now they are dry.

Shangri-La has several areas of higher ground it. These are brighter and are called "islands". Regions of high ground surround Shangri-La:  Xanadu is to the east, Adiri to the west, and Dilmun to the north.

The Huygens probe landed on a western part of Shangri-La, close to Adiri.

Other websites
 Shangri-La in Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Saturn's moons
UNIQLO  is a Tokyo fashion and clothing company. It is a fast growing company, one of the five biggest specialty fashion retailers in the world. The company makes T-shirts, jeans, and casual wear for both women and men. It is owned by Fast Retailing, a Yamaguchi based company.

Locations
UNIQLO has locations in 25 countries. The majority of shops and primary market is Japan. Shops are also in: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, Vietnam, India, USA, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, Denmark and Italy.
History
The company began in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan in 1949. It has grown steadily since then. In 1984, Fast Retailing opened the first UNIQLO shop in nearby Hiroshima Prefecture. Since then it opened an online business in 2000. It then became international with shops in London (2001); Shanghai (2002); then, Korea, the US in the SoHo fashion district of Manhattan in New York, and Hong Kong (2005). Since then it expanded into France (2007), Singapore (2009), and Russia (2010). Recently, on 27th September, they opened "BICQLO", which is a collaboration shop with Bic Camera.(2012)

Product
Product

One of UNIQLO’s main product is HEATTECH. These clothes are sold in many countries. It keeps people warm, so it is useful in winter. It is thin and comfortable, so people can wear many layers of clothing easily. Also it has some good functions: it keeps in heat, and dries quickly. HEATTECH material has odor control, is anti-static, and stretches. Moreover, there are a variety of HEATTECH products, including: T-shirts, turtlenecks, underwear, leggings, and socks. Furthermore, heattech jeans have gotten attention for keeping people warm.

Hiring
UNIQLO announced that it is changing the way it hires new workers. Large companies in Japan usually hire new college graduates once a year. UNIQLO is changing to hiring people all through the year. They are also open to hiring people who have not yet graduated, people who graduated several years ago, and people with other jobs. UNIQLO is also a gateway to Japanese products in many countries.

References
References

Other websites
 UNIQLO Twitter
 Facebook 
 UNIQLO official website
 UNIQLO UK official website

Manufacturing companies of Japan
Fashion houses
1949 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Japan
Retail companies of Japan
Companies based in Tokyo
The Citroën BX is a car produced by Citroën. It replaced the Citroën GS in 1982, an estate version was added in 1985 and was facelifted a year later in 1986. Another update occurred in 1989. It was replaced by the Citroën Xantia in early 1993 with the estate continuing until 1994.

Engines 
 BX 14 46 kW (63 hp) and 55 kW (75 hp)
 BX 16 53 kW (72 hp), 65 kW (88 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 BX 19 77 kW (105 hp)
 BX 19 TZI 88 kW (120 hp)
 BX 19 GTI 92 kW (125 hp)
 BX 19 GTI 16V 109 kW (148 hp) and 118 kW (160 hp)
 BX 18 D 44 kW (60 hp)
 BX 18 TZD Turbo 66 kW (90 hp)
 BX 19 D 51 kW (69 hp)

BX
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles