Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Dairy farming is a type of agriculture that is focused on producing milk. This is different from raising animals to produce meat. Milk can be used to produce dairy products, including cheese. Species commonly used are cows (so-called dairy cows), but goats, sheep and camels are also used. Sometimes donkeys are used to produce an alternative to cows' milk for babies. Some babies can digest donkeys' milk better than cows' milk.

Producing milk has been part of farming since prehistoric times.  In the 20th century, farmers have become more specialized.  Some farmers started with farms that only produce milk.

References

Agriculture
Mambru Went to War (Mambrú se fue a la guerra in Spanish) is a 1986 Spanish dramatic-black comedy movie.  Fernando Fernán Gómez both directed and starred in the movie.

Plot 
The news of the death of Francisco Franco has special meaning to the family of Florentina. The family includes her daughter Encarna, her son Hilario, and her grandchildren Juanita and Manolín. At the same time, Florentina tells the rest of the family that her husband Emiliano is still alive. He was thought to have died in the Spanish Civil War. He actually spent the time hidden at their family home.

Cast 
 Fernando Fernán Gómez as Emiliano
 María Asquerino as Florentina
 Emma Cohen as Encarna
 Agustín González as Hilario
 Nuria Gallardo as Juanita
 Jorge Sanz as Manolín
 Alfonso del Real as the Mayor
 Francisco Vidal as Priest
 Mimí Muñoz as Sanctimonious
 María Luisa Ponte as Dña. Ramona

Reception

1st Goya Awards

References

Other websites
  
 Ficha en FilmAffinity 
 Ficha en Fotogramas.es 
 Ficha en decine21.com
1986 drama movies
Spanish drama movies
1980s black comedy movies
Binn (Walliser German: Bìi) is a municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

The Binn valley is known for its rich mineral deposits, some types of which are unique to the area. The notable Lengenbach Quarry is in Binn.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities in Goms
Blitzingen was a municipality, in the new municipality of Goms and the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Villages
Bodme, Wiler, Ammern, Gadmen and Blitzingen.

References

Other websites

 Official Website  
 

Former municipalities of Valais
The Many Adventures of Mr. Mailman is an American-British television series is an Sprout from July 3, 2006 until December 20, 2010. which premiered on United States on Sprout on July 3, 2006. as postman vehicle most Sprout shows, as an Sprout-programming block. Similar to Roary the Racing Car, Mopatop's Shop, Fifi and the Flowertots and Driver Dan's Story Train on Sprout. The Many Adventures of Mr. Mailman is a vehicle postman car post for children in the 2006 year old age group. The series uses postman mail carrier vehicle and car to bus, car, postman car and police car.

This is stills channels on United States on Sprout on July 3, 2006.

Characters

Mr. Mailman
Mr. Mailman is a postman.

Yr. Police
Yr. Police is a police car.

Episodes

References

2006 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
2010 television series endings
2000s American animated television series
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
Ukraine International Airlines is the flag carrier of Ukraine. The airline began in 1992, after Ukraine became an independent country from the Soviet Union. It started flying cargo in 1994. It flies mostly Boeing 737 airplanes.  It goes from Ukraine to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Commonwealth of Independent States. 74% of the airline owned by Ukraine and 26% is owned by Cyprus.

Gallery

References

Airlines of Ukraine
1992 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Ukraine
MaX: Madrid_Linux is an operating system of the Ministry of Education and Employment of the Community of Madrid, specially adapted for using it in primary and secondary schools, due to its simplicity, robustness and included data collection software.

Even the second version was based on Knoppix, a distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux. The current version of MaX (MaX 9.5, is based on Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS) is specially designed for using it in the educational environment as a system for teacher or student. However, it can also be used by the users of personal computers. In addition, it comes ready to be installed and used, and is equipped with multimedia and variety of programs on three desktops: GNOME, KDE and Xfce. In any case, it can be fully used in "live" mode, that is to say, directly from the DVD without having it installed on the hard disk.
Its explicit objectives are:
Promote the use of open technological sources in educational environment.
Provide schools, and generally members of the educational community, with software that contributes to their integration into the knowledge-based society.
Provide high-quality applications with educational interest and no additional costs for students and teachers.
Have an open source environment where training and investigation processes are used.

Installation and users 
The installation disc is a DVD that can be used en vivo (live) before installing MaX on the hard disk, that is to say, from the DVD drive. Besides, even if the opposite is claimed, these programs can be installed if the computer has the access to the Internet, so that you can test the applications that do not come installed on the live system. There is yet another way to use live MaX version installed accessibility. In the guide mentioned before installation you can find a lot of useful information about the facilities.
On the other hand, the installation for desktop MaX is even easier than Ubuntu, because a username is needed. All versions of MaX always have two users incorporated: student and Madrid. The first is intended, of course, for students, and has fewer privileges on the system that the user Madrid has, but this is not the root user or system administrator. In short, when entering the Madrid system,the user has to type his or her username and cmadrid (the letter ce + madrid) and password. This has always been so in MaX, but you can change passwords once inside the system, and can also create new users, for those who have to choose the privileges they have. What I have done from the beginning was to stay as the user madrid, and whenever you need to get access as an administrator, click cmadrid password, which is also the root.

The desktop
The desktop 

MaX desktop is highlighted with a bright blue background and a rounded image resembling the terrestrial sphere. This is the GNOME desktop, which MaX used as principal, but you can login with the other two desktops: KDE and XFace. This requires logout (not restart) and re-enter after choosing another desk in the Session menu, which is done in seconds. But the three desks maintain the same background and the panel bar at the bottom of the screen. In addition, programs are the same in all three desks, with some changes that depend on the chosen desktop. Actually, it could be using a desk with other programs.

Programs 
The programs that MaX Linux contains are distributed as follows:

References 
Educamadrid Homepage 
MaX 3.0,el Linux de Madrid

Other websites 
Images of MaX Linux desktop

Operating systems
Community of Madrid
Nouvelle cuisine (French, "new cuisine") is an approach to cooking and food presentation in French cuisine. In contrast to the older haute cuisine, nouvelle cuisine has lighter, more delicate dishes, and pretty presentation. It started in Paris in the 1970s, and by the 1980s was seen in London and New York. The movement is now almost worldwide.

The reasons are connected with modern business life, where long two-hour lunches are a thing of the past. Also, customers began to look for lighter food menus. Food critics Henri Gault and his colleagues André Gayot and Christian Millau put out a new restaurant guide, the Gault-Millau, or Le Nouveau Guide.
Gault and Millau listed ten characteristics of this new style of cooking. They were:
Simpler cooking.
Cooking times for most fish, seafood, game birds, veal, green vegetables and pâtés were reduced to try to keep the natural flavour. 
The cuisine was made with the freshest possible ingredients.
Large menus were abandoned in favour of shorter menus.
Strong marinades for meat and game were not used.
Heavy sauces like espagnole and béchamel were dropped. Instead, dishes were seasoned with fresh herbs, high-quality butter, lemon juice, and vinegar.
Regional dishes were introduced in place of cuisine classique dishes.
New techniques and modern equipment were used; sometimes used microwave ovens.
Chefs paid close attention to the dietary needs of their guests.
The chefs were inventive, and created new combinations and pairings.

History 

However, the term "nouvelle cuisine" has been used several times in the history of French cuisine.
In the 1730s and 1740s, several French writers emphasized their break with tradition. They called their cooking "modern" or "new". In 1742 Menon introduced the term nouvelle cuisine as the title of the third volume of his Nouveau traité.  François Marin worked in the same tradition.

In the 1880s and 1890s, the cooking of Georges Auguste Escoffier was sometimes described as nouvelle cuisine.

References 

Cooking
French food
Afonso Africano is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo e Castelo Branco. It was first published in 1611. It is composed of twelve cantos. It is written in ottava rima which in Portugal is known as oitava rima. This stanza is made up of eight lines and rhymes abababcc. The same was earlier used by Luís de Camões in his Lusiads. Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo's poem narrates about Portuguese king Afonso who was called The African. In the poem his expedition to Morocco, the war and the sieges of Arzilla and Tanger are described. The first stanza is typical for Renaissance epic poems.

 As armas e o varão ilustre canto
 que de Africano tem insígnia e nome,
 cuja alta fama será viva, enquanto
 no dourado horizonte o Sol assome.
 Donde começarei? Que o grande espanto
 me tem suspenso, que princípio tome,
 que tantas obras quantas me apresenta
 vivo calor que mais e mais se aumenta.

References 

Epic poems
Portuguese poems
1610s books
Sumitra Mahajan (born 12 April 1943) is an Indian politician and 16th Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 5 June 2014 to 19 June 2019. She is a member of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.In 2014 she got elected 8 times and she is currently the longest serving women member. She also served as the Union Minister. Sumitra Mahajan is the second longest serving women speaker after Meira Kumar.

Sumitra Mahajan was born in Chitpavan Brahmin family in Chiplun, Maharashtra on 11 April 1943. She married Jayant Mahajan of Indore. She received MA and LLB after marriage from the Indore University.

Sumitra became the first Indian women to represent the same Lok sabha constituency on the same party eight times in a row.Her record was included in the LIMCA book.

References

1943 births
Living people
Speakers of the Lok Sabha
Politicians from Madhya Pradesh
The Kingdom of Galicia (; ; ; ) was a political entity (a state) in southwestern Europe.

Galicia was part of the Kingdom of the Spanish Visigoths from 585 to 711. In the 8th century Galicia became a part of the newly founded Christian kingdoms of the northwest of the peninsula, Asturias and León. Sometimes it got independence under its own kings. 

Compostela became capital of Galicia in the 11th century. The independence of Portugal (1128) made its southern boundary. The accession of the Castilian King Ferdinand III to the Leonese kingdom in 1230 brought Galicia under the control of the Crown of Castile. The kingdom of Galicia was now a political division in the larger realm.

Related pages 
Galicia (Spain)

References 

Former monarchies of Europe
5th-century establishments in Europe
409 establishments
1230 disestablishments
Disestablishments in Europe
Sikandar Lodi was the Sultan of Delhi and second ruler of the Lodi dynasty after Bahlul Lodi. He was the most successful sultan of the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Sikandar Lodi ruled the sultanate from 17 July 1489 to 21 November 1517.

Sikandar Lodi was born to the first sultan of the Lodi dynasty Bahlul Lodi and Bibi Ambha, daughter of a Hindu goldsmith, in 1458.After he became the ruler he proved that he is an ablest ruler. He encouraged trade across his territories. He conquered Gwalior from the Rajputs in 1490 and Bihar from the rebellious Afghan chiefs in the region.

Sikandar Lodi constructed the present day city of Agra. He wrote Persian poetry using the pen name Gulrukhi. Sikandar enlarged his territories in his sultanate that extended from the region of Punjab to Bengal and the territories between River Satluj and Bundelkhand region.

He died on November 21 1517 and was buried in the Lodi Gardens located in Delhi.

References

Indian monarchs
15th century in India
16th century in India
Talca Province () is one of four provinces of the central Chilean region of Maule (VII).  Its capital and the largest city is Talca.

Geography
The Talca province has an area of , the second largest province, after the Linares province, in the Maule region. The provincial capital, Talca, is about  south of Santiago.

The province is bordered to the north by the Curicó province, to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Linares  and the Cauquenes provinces and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Population
 (last national census), there were 352,966 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 266,742 persons ( of the total).

The largest city of the province is Talca, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 189,505.

Administration
As a province, Talca is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 10 communes (comunas). The city of Talca serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Gallery
Gallery

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional del Maule  Official website 
 Province of Talca website 

Provinces of Chile
Maule Region
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell CBE (14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926) was a British archaeologist, traveller, and diplomat.

She explored and mapped countries in the Middle East. She influenced British imperial policy-making with her knowledge and contacts. Bell travelled mainly in Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and Arabia.

Early life 
Gertrude's father was Hugh Bell (later Sir Hugh Bell, 2nd Baronet). Gertrude Bell was the oldest of her father's five children, and his only daughter. Gertrude's mother was Bell's first wife, Mary. Theirs was a rich family. Hugh Bell worked in the iron industry, and his own father had been the industrialist Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, 1st Baronet.
Bell was in Bucharest in 1888 and 1889, where she lived with Frank Lascelles: he was the brother-in-law of Bell's stepmother Florence. Lascelles was the British diplomatic representative in the Kingdom of Romania. There Bell met Valentine Chirol, the journalist for The Times in the area. Through Chirol, Bell met Charles Hardinge and started to learn about diplomacy between the Great Powers. Bell returned to Britain in 1899, after first going to Constantinople. For three years she did charity work and was part of the London "season" in the summers.

References 

 Gertrude Bell (1919) [1907]. The desert and the sown: travels in Palestine and Syria. London: Heinemann.

English writers
Orchard Island is an unincorporated community and tourist area located in Washington and Stokes townships, Logan County, Ohio, United States. Orchard Island is part of an island chain which includes the southeastern shore of Indian Lake, north of Russells Point. Orchard Island is the largest of the nearby islands. These include Wolfe, Fox, Willow Bank, and Crystal Beach.

References 

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Ernen (Walliser German: Ärne, ) is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2005, the former municipalities of Ausserbinn, Ernen, Mühlebach and Steinhaus merged into the municipality of Ernen.

In 1997, Ernen was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Goms
Theory of mind is the ability to understand that other people have their own minds with their personal state of knowledge, their personal beliefs, wishes and intentions, and that these may differ from one's own mind. Autistic people typically show an impaired ability to recognize other people's minds. Therefore, they experience difficulties with explaining and predicting other people’s behaviour. This leads to problems in social communication and interaction. Children on the autistic spectrum usually develop the theory of mind more slowly than other children. They have difficulties with it throughout their lives. However, autistic people's performance on theory of mind tasks varies.
For testing whether someone lacks the theory of mind, the Sally-Anne test is performed. The child sees the following story: Sally and Anne are playing. Sally puts her ball into a basket and leaves the room. While Sally is gone, Anne moves the ball from the basket to the box. Now Sally returns. The question is: where will Sally look for her ball? The test is passed, if the child correctly assumes that Sally will look in the basket. The test is failed if the child thinks that Sally will look in the box. Children below the age of four as well as older autistic children typically fail this test.

References

Related pages 
 Philosophy of mind
Psychology
Fiesch is a municipality in Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It is at the foot of the Eggishorn mountain.

Fiesch has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its view of the Jungfrau-Aletsch Protected Area.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities in Goms
Fieschertal is a village and municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Villages in Valais
Municipalities in Goms
Grafschaft was a municipality of the district Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2001, the former municipalities of Biel, Ritzingen and Selkingen merged into the municipality of Grafschaft and On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Grafschaft, Blitzingen, Münster-Geschinen, Niederwald and Reckingen-Gluringen merged into the new municipality of Goms.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities of Valais
Lax is a municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 

Municipalities in Goms
Niederwald was a municipality, in the new municipality of Goms and the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website  

Former municipalities of Valais
History
In 1860, secession was not a new threat. It had been discussed as early as 1776 when the Continental Congress wanted to tax all of the colonies based on a population count that included slaves. South Carolina threatened to separate themselves from the other 12 colonies over the issue. From then until the outbreak of the American Civil War, anytime a minority sectional dispute came up (often over slavery) the threat of secession would be used. It was a matter of concern when the Constitutional Convention met in 1787 in Philadelphia. Secession was closely tied to the thinking of members of the Whig party. Their thinking was that rebellion (such as in 1776) was a right of a state against any form of despotic government.
When the South seceded in 1860-61, one argument was that in 1776, when the thirteen Colonies rebelled against Great Britain, it was a secession. Others argued the two situations were very different. The thirteen colonies revolted against Great Britain, they did not secede from it. What resulted was the American Revolutionary War. It can also be argued that the Southern states were revolting against the Union. Each of the colonies was regarding itself as a sovereign state and was waging a war of independence in cooperation with twelve other sovereign nations.

Reasons for secession 
Following the war, scholars disagreed on what caused the Civil War. The disagreements still go on today. Many said that slavery was the main cause of the war. The Southern states wanted to continue it while the Northern states wanted to stop it. Others say slavery was not the main issue. They point to states' rights and taxation as leading causes.
Each state that seceded wrote an "Article of Secession" formally declaring they were leaving the Union. Four states, Texas, Mississippi, Georgia and South Carolina, added a "Declarations of Causes." These were written to explain the reasons for leaving in more detail.

Georgia  
Georgia gave the following reasons why they were dissolving their connections to the United States. These included:

 The Federal government has weakened Georgia's security, disturbed their peace and tranquility and refused to honor their Constitutional right to their property—African slaves.

 The U.S. prevented Georgia from an "equal enjoyment of the common Territories of the Republic"." The Missouri Compromise was overturned by the Compromise of 1850 further limiting slavery in the new territories.
The U.S. has been hostile towards the people of Georgia. Georgia has remained attached to the Union out of habit and a sense of tradition. They hoped time would change this hostility towards George held by the non-slave states, but it has not changed.

 The "party of Lincoln" calling itself the Republican Party is corrupt and admittedly anti-slavery.

Mississippi 
In their declaration of causes, Mississippi wrote that slavery was necessary for their commerce. They added, only the black man can work in our hot climate. The North gives us only two choice: either abolishing slavery and suffering complete ruin or seceding from the Union. Included in their reasons were:

 The United States denies our right of property in slaves. It refuses protection of that right wherever the U.S. government has jurisdiction.

 It has not enforced the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 in free states which they agreed to do.

 It wants social and political equality for the negro and promotes Slave rebellions.
Using its schools, newspapers and the pulpit, the North is completely against us.

 It wants to destroy slavery without offering anything to replace it.

 It has broken every contract with us and seeks to destroy our society.

South Carolina 
South Carolina gave its reasons for seceding in its Declaration of Immediate Causes which was adopted on 24 December 1860. The reasons included:

 The Federal government has repeatedly violated the United States Constitution by not respecting the states' rights reserved by the state of South Carolina. South Carolina has overlooked this in the past out of respect for the wishes of the other slaveholding states. But it cannot do this any longer.
 The Charleston Mercury said, "The tea has been thrown overboard, the revolution of 1860 has been initiated,” when president Lincoln was elected.
 Lincoln didn’t win in many of the southern states and in some of the states he wasn’t added onto the ballot this caused an uproar in most southern states.
In 1776 the thirteen colonies declared their right to self-government. Where the interests of two people are different, each must be able to govern itself or it cannot be free. The Southern states are now in the same position as the thirteen colonies were towards Great Britain. The U.S. government has become a despotic government much the same as Great Britain had become. The people of the Southern states find it necessary to throw off that power and assume their own freedom.

 The Southern states are a minority in the United States Congress and are taxed unfairly. The taxes are not designed to create revenue for the U.S. government. They are for the benefit of Northern manufacturing and mining. The majority of taxes collected in the South are spent in the North.
The foreign commerce of the United States is based on Southern agriculture. But Southern cities are not allowed to conduct foreign trade. In 1740 there were five shipyards in South Carolina to carry on trade with Europe. Now trade is conducted only from Northern ports.

 The United States government has become the same kind of government with limitless powers that was overthrown in the Revolutionary war. They seek to have power over every institution in the country including slavery.
The United States Constitution was an experiment that has failed. The Southern states have followed the Constitution while the Northern states have subverted it for their own benefit. The constitutional guarantees no longer exist and the states no longer have equal rights. The federal government has become the enemy of slaveholding states and they will no longer have the power of self-rule or self-protection.
 They thought they had the privilege to have their slaves.
 The first act of violence between the confederate states and the union states was at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

Texas 
Texas became a state on December 29, 1845 with the assurances of becoming an equal state in the Union and was accepted with her own constitution. That constitution protected and maintained the institution known as slavery. Texas gave up a being a sovereign country to join the United States to promote the welfare, security and liberty of her people. Her declaration of causes included:
The federal government seeks to destroy slavery in both Texas and other slaveholding states. This disloyalty by the Northern states has permitted outlaws in the state of Kansas to trample on federal laws and subvert slavery. 

 By the use of violence and mob law the Northern states intend to trample on the rights of Southern citizens.

 The federal government has failed to protect the people and property of the state of Texas by allowing Indian savages on our border. More recently, they have allowed Mexican bandits to raid into Texas. The state has had to bear the costs of protecting its citizens with no reimbursement from the federal government.

 Texas is no longer as safe as it was when it was the Republic of Texas.

Related pages 
Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War
Border states (American Civil War)
51st state
League of the South
Ordinance of Secession
Second Vermont Republic
Southern nationalism
Submissionist

References

Other websites 
 

Origins of the American Civil War
Curicó Province () is one of four provinces of the central Chilean region of Maule (VII). Its capital and largest city is Curicó.

Geography
The Curicó province has an area of , the third largest province in the Maule region. The provincial capital, Curicó, is about  south of Santiago.

The province is bordered to the northwest by the Cardenal Caro province (O'Higgins region), to the north by the Colchagua province (O'Higgins region), to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Talca provinces and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Population
 (last national census), there were 244,053 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 157,876 persons ( of the total).

The largest city of the province is Curicó, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 93,447.
Administration
As a province, Curicó is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 9 communes (comunas). The city of Curicó serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Gallery

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional del Maule  Official website 
 Province of Curicó website 

Provinces of Chile
Maule Region
My Own Prison is the first studio album by Creed. The album was released on August 26, 1997 through Wind-up Records. It reached multiple platinum sales.

References

1997 albums
Magnús Örn Eyjólfsson Scheving (born 10 November 1964) is an Icelandic writer, actor, producer, entrepreneur, and athlete. He is the creator, CEO & Co-founder of Lazytown Entertainment, from which he is the creator and co-star of the children's television show LazyTown, in which he starred as Sportacus.

1964 births
Living people
Magnus Scheving
Television actors
Television producers
Institut supérieur international du parfum, de la cosmétique et de l'aromatique alimentaire (ISIPCA) is a renowned graduate cosmetics school in France. It is in a campus of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Bachelor of Science
 Master of Science
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages.

Research labs 
Research activities at ISIPCA relate to the following topics:
 Perfume
 Cosmetics
 Flavor

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1970 establishments in France
Versailles
The South African Border War refers to the conflict that took place from 1966 to 1990 primarily in South West Africa (now Namibia) between South Africa on one side and the South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) and its allies on the other.
 
The roots of the conflict can be traced back to World War I, when South Africa invaded and conquered the colony of German South West Africa on behalf of the British Empire and the other Allies of World War I. In the aftermath of the German defeat, the League of Nations awarded South Africa a mandate to administer the territory until its inhabitants were ready to govern themselves. 

Following World War II, South Africa refused to surrender South West Africa to a proposed United Nations Trusteeship agreement and instead requested the right to annex it as a fifth province. Steps were taken to integrate South-West Africa into South Africa, including giving the local white population the right to elect representatives to the Parliament of South Africa.
In 1962, SWAPO was formed to resist South African rule and petition for South West African independence. With support from the Soviet Union, SWAPO began training guerrillas and from 1966 onwards frequently clashed with the South African police and army. The war entered a new phase in 1975, when Angola gained independence and its new communist government began providing support to the guerrillas. South African troops launched raids into Angola to destroy SWAPO bases, which led to battles with the Angolan army. Cuba, which had sent troops to bolster the Angolan government, was directly involved in some of these battles. 

In 1988, South Africa, Angola, and Cuba signed a Tripartite Accord committing them to peace. Cuba agreed to withdraw from Angola if South Africa withdrew from South West Africa and granted that territory independence. South-West Africa gained independence as Namibia in early 1990.

References
References

Wars involving Portugal
Wars involving South Africa
20th century in Namibia
20th century in Angola
1960s conflicts
1970s conflicts
1980s conflicts
Conflicts in 1990
Lindisfarne Castle is a castle on Holy Island, near Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England. The island is accessible from the mainland at low tide by means of a causeway. A fort was built here in 1550 during the time of Henry VIII. About 20 years later it was replaced by a stone fortress. It was abandoned in 1893 and afterwards used as a lookout by the Coastguard. In 1903, repair work started to change the fortress into a home by the new owner, Edward Hudson. In 1944, it was donated to the National Trust.

References 

Castles in England
Lindisfarne
16th-century buildings and structures
Curicó is a Chilean city and commune in the Maule Region, in the Chilean Central Valley. Curicó is the capital city of the province of Curicó.

Curicó means, in Mapudungun, "Land of Black Water".

History
Curicó was founded on 9 October 1743 by José Manso de Velasco when Chile was a Spanish colony with the name San José de Buena Vista.
In 1747, the Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas moved the city about  to the north, where it is now on the foot of the Buena Vista hill (now called "Cerro Condell"), because the original place was too humid.

Curicó got the title of "city" in 1830. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 1928 and rebuilt during the following year. It  was badly damaged in the earthquake of February 2010.

Population
 (last national census), there were 119,585 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 100,506 persons ( of the total).

The people from Curicó are called Curican (in Spanish: Curicanos for men and Curicanas for women).
Geography

The commune has an area of  and the city proper, .

The city of Curicó is at  south of Santiago and .

The rivers Guaiquillo and Mataquito are the main rivers that flow through the commune. Most of the territory of the commune is within the central plain (Valle Central de Chile). The valley is between low mountains to the west and east.

The commune of Curicó is bordered on the west by Rauco; on the north by Teno; on the east, by Romeral, and on the south, by Molina and Sagrada Familia.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Curicó is a "dry-summer subtropical climate" (also known as Mediterranean Climate) and of the subtype "Csb".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Curicó is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Curicó is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

Economy
The city's economy is based mainly on agriculture, because the Mediterranean climate creates comparative advantages with markets such as apples, wines, and cherries.

Gallery

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Gobierno Regional del Maule  Official website 
 Province of Curicó website 
 Municipality of Curicó  

Cities in Chile
Maule Region
Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo (or Quebedo, 16th/17th century) was a Portuguese poet. Little is known about his personal life. He studied law at the University of Coimbra. He wrote lyrical poems, for example sonnets, but is best known fo his epic works. One of them is Discurso sobre a Vida e Morte de Santa Isabel Rainha de Portugal that was published in Lisbon in 1596. The greatest work by the poet is Afonso Africano, an epic poem in ottava rima (1611).

References

Other websites 
 Fragments of Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo's poems at Projecto Vercial.

16th-century births
17th-century deaths
Portuguese poets
Lyudimila Mykhailivna Pavlichenko (12 July 1916  10 October 1974 was a  Ukrainian Soviet sniper. She shot German soldiers in World War 2. She was one of the top military snipers of all time, and is credited with 309 kills. She was the most successful female sniper in history.

References 

1916 births
1974 deaths
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Ukrainian military people
Institut des sciences et techniques des Yvelines (ISTY) is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degree :
 Ingénieur ISTY (ISTY Graduate engineer Masters level program)

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages.

Research labs 
Research activities at ISTY relate to the following topics:
 Computer science
 Mechatronics engineering
 Embedded system

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1992 establishments in France
The 2016 clown sightings are reports of people dressed up as evil clowns scaring and stalking passersby, such as near forests and schools. and other clown-related businesses have been affected.

Origins

In 2013, the fad started when a "creepy clown" known as the Wasco Clown started stalking people and causing terror in the entire town since around September or October 2013.

Maine 
A clown was in Orono standing in a neighborhood for 15 minutes. Other towns reported seeing clowns.

References

Clown sightings
Clowns
A trident  is a three-pronged spear. It is used for spearfishing. Historically it was used as a polearm. Gladiators used them in Ancient Rome after they cast a net to trap their opponent. The trident is the weapon of Poseidon, or Neptune, the god of the sea in classical mythology. In Hindu mythology it is the weapon of Shiva, known as trishula (Sanskrit for "triple-spear"). The word "trident" comes from the French word trident, which in turn comes from the Latin word tridens.

References 

Weapons
Greek mythology
Hindu mythology
Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee (1 October 1808 – 5 November 1873) was the wife of Confederate Army military officer Robert E. Lee. She was also his third cousin. They married at her parents' home, and had seven children together.

Life 
She was born in Clarke County, Virginia on 1 October 1808; although her birth appears in the Custis family Bible and in records kept by her mother to have happened in 1807. She was born at the Annefield plantation when her mother's coach stopped there during a journey. She was well educated, having learned both Latin and Greek.

She liked talking about politics with her father and later her husband. She kept current with all the new literature. After her father died, she edited and published his writings as Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by his adopted son George Washington Parke Custis, with a Memoir of this Author by his Daughter in 1859.
She was a small but spirited woman. She knew her third cousin, Robert E. Lee, since childhood. She also dated Governor of Texas, Sam Houston.

Mary and Robert were married at her parents' home, Arlington House, on 30 June 1831. They had three sons and four daughters together: George Washington Custis "Custis", William H. Fitzhugh "Rooney", Robert Edward Jr., Mary, Eleanor Agnes (called Agnes), Anne, and Mildred Lee.

When the American Civil War began, her husband Robert and their sons were all called to service in Virginia. She didn't evacuate her home until 15 May 1861. Robert wrote to his wife saying:

War is inevitable, and there is no telling when it will burst around you . . . You have to move and make arrangements to go to some point of safety which you must select. The Mount Vernon plate and pictures ought to be secured. Keep quiet while you remain, and in your preparations . . . May God keep and preserve you and have mercy on all our people.
After the war, the Lees lived in Powhatan County for a short time before moving to Lexington. Robert E. Lee would become the president of the Washington College. Mary Anna Custis Lee visited her old home, the Arlington House, one last time in 1873.She hardly recognized the estate except for a few old oaks and some of the trees that she and Robert had planted.

She eventually got severe rheumatoid arthritis. Mary Anna Custis Lee died at 66 years old. She is buried next to her husband at the Lee family crypt at Lee Chapel on the campus of Washington and Lee University.

References

Other websites 

 Lee Family Digital Archive 
 Collection of Mary Custis Lee digitized letters
Correspondences of Mary Anna Custis Lee during the American Civil War - held in the Walter Havighurst Special Collections, Miami University

1808 births
1873 deaths
Fred Hampton was a member of the Black Panther Party (BPP) in Chicago, Illinois. He was the chairman of the Illinois chapter of the BBP and the deputy chairman of the national BPP. He is mainly known for the way he died in 1969, aged 21. His apartment was raided on December 4th. In a gun battle lasting 20 minutes, Hampton was shot. Mark Clark, was also killed and four other Panthers were wounded. In spite of a ballistics report that showed the 14 police officers fired almost all the bullets in the raid, a grand jury failed to indict anyone. Hampton’s family later filed a civil suit, eventually winning the case with a $1.8 million settlement. The background and events of Hampton's death have been made into several documentary movies.

References

Other websites
Other websites 

 "The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther" - video report by Democracy Now! December 4, 2009.
  (A 1971 documentary film directed by Howard Alk)
 FBI files on Fred Hampton
 "Power Anywhere Where There's People" A Speech By Fred Hampton
  Death of a Black Panther: The Fred Hampton Story: is available for free download at the Internet Archive

1948 births
1969 deaths
Politicians from Chicago
American revolutionaries
Socialists
American civil rights activists
People shot and killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
Captain Patrick DeLacy (November 25, 1835 – April 27, 1915) was an American soldier. He fought in the American Civil War. DeLacy received the Medal of Honor. It is the United States highest award for bravery in combat.  He got the medal for his action during the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia on 6 May 1864. He was given the award on 24 April 1894.

Biography
DeLacy was born in Carbondale, Pennsylvania on 25 November 1835. He enlisted into the 143rd Pennsylvania Infantry. He was promoted from private to sergeant major to lieutenant before he got out of the army in June, 1865. He was promoted to the rank of Captain after he died and after the war on June 8, 1987. This was due to the work of Elizabeth Hicks Jaquinot.  He died on 27 April 1915 and his remains are interred at Saint Catherine's Cemetery in Moscow, Pennsylvania. He got his Medal of Honor on 6 May 1864 when he shot a Confederate color bearer and took the flag of the 1st South Carolina Infantry regiment.

Medal of Honor citation
Related pages
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

References

Other websites
Patrick DeLacy The Last Union Captain

1835 births
1915 deaths
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military people from Pennsylvania
Norman Francis Bates (November 6, 1839 - October 16, 1915) was an American soldier. He got the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War. The Medal of Honor is the highest military award of the United States.

Biography
Bates served in the American Civil War. He was in the 4th Iowa Cavalry for the Union Army. He got the Medal of Honor on June 17, 1865 for his actions at Columbus, Georgia.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:

Capture of flag and bearer

Related pages
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

References

Other websites

Iowa Medal of Honor Heroes 

1839 births
1915 deaths
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military people from Vermont
Carbondale is a city in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. Carbondale is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is about 15 miles northeast of Scranton. The population was 8,828 at the 2020 census.

The land area that became Carbondale was developed by William and Maurice Wurts. They were the founders of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. The company mined anthracite coal mining in the early 19th century. Carbondale was the site of the first deep vein anthracite coal mine in the United States. It was also a major terminal of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad.

References

Other websites
The Carbondale Historical Society and D&H Transportation Museum 
 https://www.facebook.com/pages/Carbondale-Historical-Society-Musem-Incorporated/152276618138160?ref=ts&fref=ts

Cities in Pennsylvania
States' rights is a belief found in the United States Constitution in which some rights are reserved for state governments and may not be changed by the federal government. They are also protected by the Tenth Amendment as part of the Bill of Rights. The discussion over states' rights is the oldest constitutional debate in the United States. People are still debating about it.

History 

States' rights, meaning the sovereignty and independence of individual US states, was guaranteed in the Articles of Confederation, the precursor to the US Constitution. It stated that the individual states "hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare". The articles created a weak central government with most of the power being kept by the individual states. Within a short time, it was realized that a stronger central government and a constitution was needed.
Fueled mainly by the issue of slavery, the question came up during the 1820s and the 1830s, when the United States was expanding westward. Southern states wanted the new territories to allow slavery. Northern states wanted the territory to be free of slavery. As the North's economy grew and the South's economy stalled, the two began moving farther apart on the issue. By the 1840s and 1850s, both had adopted extreme positions, which were based on the morality of slavery and economic self-interests. As long as both North and South had equal representation in the US Senate, neither side could dictate to the other. However, with each new state applying for statehood, the balance of power was threatened. In the 1850s, the issue of secession was raised again. The South made the argument was that when it agreed to join the United States in the late 1780s, it kept the power to cancel the agreement
. South Carolina threatened to secede unless the Senate passed a constitutional amendment to give the South “the power she possessed of protecting herself before the equilibrium of the two sections was destroyed.”
Several peaceful attempts were made to find a compromise. The Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, and the 1854 Kansas–Nebraska Act were aimed at reaching a compromises. However, only the Fugitive Slave Act clearly benefited the South. Northerners bitterly resented the law, which made citizens responsible for catching runaway slaves and returning them to their masters.

Southern states' rights 
While many people believe that the Civil War was about states' rights, not slavery, the Southern states were in favor of states' rights for themselves, not for all states. They did not favor states' rights for new states joining the Union on the question of slavery. They wanted the federal government to decide that all news states would allow slavery. That can be seen in the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and the 1850 Compromise. All  oth themwere designed to force the Northern states to accept slavery in the territories.
Many in the North were in favor of states determining their own course, but when it came to slavery, there was a considerable anti-slavery political faction at work in the North. Many in New England had grown wealthy in the slave trade before it was banned, but that part of the North had become a center for abolitionist movements. Beginning in the 1830s, Northern churches and politicians became prominent in the movement. That contributed to the resentment felt by Southerners. Abolitionists took a hard line against slavery, wanted all slaves freed and to end racial segregation immeduately everywhere in the country. Other groups in the North, notably the Free Soil Party, the wanted to end slavery in the new western territories but for different reasons. They had no slaves themselves, but most were prejudiced against black people and believed the popular idea at the time that blacks were inferior. They wanted the new lands to be for whites only
. Southern slaveholders saw no real difference between the two groups and but only that both were against slavery.