Aarushhh/wikipedia-simple-splitted huggingface dataset:
Enrico Ferri (17 February 1942 — 17 December 2020) was an Italian politician and lawyer. He was born in La Spezia, Italy. Ferri was a member of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. 

Ferri was Minister of Public Works from 1988 to 1989 during the Ciriaco De Mita cabinet. From 1992 to 1994, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. From 1993 to 1995, he was Secretary of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. From 1989 to 1994, he was a Member of the European Parliament.

Ferri died on 17 December 2020 in Pontremoli, Italy after a long-illness, aged 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
MEPs for Italy
People from La Spezia
Pontremoli (; ) is a small city in the province of Massa and Carrara, Tuscany region, central Italy.

References

Cities in Tuscany
Settlements in Massa-Carrara
Jacó Roberto Hilgert (27 January 1926 – 17 December 2020) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Harmonia, Rio Grande do Sul. In 1952, he became a priest. He was the Bishop of Cruz Alta from 1976 to 2002. 

Hilgert died on 17 December 2020 in Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul from cardiopulmonary arrest, aged 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest
Brazilian Roman Catholic bishops
People from Rio Grande do Sul
Wacław Szybalski (9 September 1921 – 16 December 2020) was a Polish-American oncologist and biotechnologist. He worked at the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research in the University of Wisconsin–Madison Medical School. He discovered the Szybalski's rule. Szybalski was born in Lwów, Poland.

Szybalski died on 16 December 2020 in Madison, Wisconsin at the age of 99.

References

1921 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Polish scientists
American biologists
Academics from Wisconsin
Scientists from Madison, Wisconsin
Scientists from Lviv
Benny Napoleon (1955 – December 17, 2020) was an American attorney, law enforcement officer, and Democratic politician. He was the Sheriff of Wayne County, Michigan. He was also a 2013 candidate for Mayor of Detroit. From 2009 until his death, Wayne County Sheriff. Napolean was born in Detroit.

Napoleon was diagnosed with COVID-19 in November 2020. He died on December 17, 2020 in Detroit from the infection, aged 65.

References

1955 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan
American police officers
African American lawyers
African American politicians
Politicians from Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Detroit
Ignaz Puschnik (5 February 1934 – 17 December 2020) was an Austrian football midfielder. He played for Austria from 1957 to 1964 and during the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Kapfenberger SV from 1956 to 1964. Puschnik was born in Vienna.

Career
Puschnik spent his entire senior career at Kapfenberg SV. At the beginning of his career in 1954, Kapfenberg had just been promoted to the state league and was able to hold the league until 1959. In 1961 the resurgence succeeded, which was followed by the immediate descent. In 1963 the Styrians rose again. After another descent in 1967, Puschnik ended his career.

Death
Puschnik died on 17 December 2020 in Vienna at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Austrian footballers
Sportspeople from Vienna
Giovanni Sacco (25 September 1943 – 17 December 2020) was an Italian footballer. He played as a midfielder. Sacco was born in San Damiano d'Asti, Italy. He played for Juventus F.C., Atalanta B.C. and A.C. Reggiana 1919. His career lasted from 1962 to 1976.

Sacco died on 17 December 2020 in Asti, Italy from COVID-19 at the age of 77.

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Footballers from Piedmont
San Damiano d'Asti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont

References

Settlements in Asti
Saufatu Sopoanga  (22 February 1952 – 17 December 2020) was a Tuvaluan politician. He was the 8th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 2 August 2002 until 27 August 2004. Sopoanga was born in Nukufetau, Tuvalu. 

Sopoanga died on 17 December 2020 at the age of 68.

References

1952 births
2020 deaths
Prime Ministers of Tuvalu
Per Oskar "Pelle" Svensson (6 February 1943 – 17 December 2020) was a Swedish Greco-Roman wrestler and lawyer. He won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics and two gold medals at the World Championships in 1970 and 1971. Svensson was born in Sollefteå, Sweden.

Svensson died on 17 December 2020 from cancer in Sundsvall, Sweden at the age of 77.

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
Swedish lawyers
Swedish wrestlers
Swedish Olympic silver medalists
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Scott Hylands Douglas (born 1943) is a Canadian actor. His career began in 1969. Hylands was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. He appeared in Cannon, The Waltons, Baretta, and Ironside.

References

Other websites
 

1943 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Actors from Vancouver
Coal forests were huge areas of wetlands which covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas in the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian times.  

At the time most continents were crowded together in the supercontinent Gondwana. They lay on the path of tropical rainfall. As vegetable matter from these forests decayed, enormous deposits of peat accumulated, which later changed into coal. Now those continents are wide apart, but they have the coalfields which those ancient forests left behind.

Much of the carbon in the peat deposits produced by coal forests came from photosynthetic splitting of carbon dioxide. This released oxygen into the atmosphere. This increased the oxygen level, perhaps as high as about 35%. This had the effect of making the air more easily breathable by animals with limited respiratory systems. This may explain the size of Meganeura compared to modern dragonflies.
The coal forests covered tropical Euramerica (Europe, eastern North America, northwesternmost Africa) and  China. Eventually, climate change devastated these tropical rainforests. The so-called Carboniferous rainforest collapse was caused by a cooler drier climate which broke up the rainforest ecosystem. The cause of this change was mountain uplift, no doubt caused by the continental plates squeezing against each other.  During most of the rest of Carboniferous times, the coal forests were restricted to North America (such as the Appalachian and Illinois coal basins) and central Europe.

At the very end of the Carboniferous period, the coal forests underwent a resurgence, expanding mainly in eastern Asia, notably China. They never recovered fully in Euramerica. The Chinese coal forests continued to flourish well into Permian times.

Kinds of plants found in coal measures 
Glossopteris
Calamites
Lepidodendron
Sphenopsida
Pteridosperms
Ferns
Later coal measures 
The conditions which led to the late Carboniferous coal measures returned twice later on. These occasions were in part of the Jurassic period, and the Eocene. The later Jurassic left coal measures in parts of Europe and Australia. The Waloon coal measures are where the fossils of Iguanodon were found. The coal in Queensland, Australia is from the same time. 

Conditions in the Paleocene and Eocene were also favourable to plant growth. The coal from this time is found in Chile, Nepal and in the so-called Eocene Okanagan Highlands in British Columbia and Washington State.

References 

Forests
Fossil plants
Carboniferous
Jorge Aristóteles Sandoval Díaz (22 January 1974 – 18 December 2020) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Sandoval was Governor of Jalisco from 2013 to 2018. Sandoval was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Sandoval was assassinated on 18 December 2020 in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco at the age of 46.

References

1974 births
2020 deaths
Mexican politicians
Assassinated Mexican people
Murders by firearm
People from Guadalajara
Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan or compound 606, is a drug. It was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s. It was the first effective treatment for syphilis and African trypanosomiasis. This organoarsenic compound was the first modern antimicrobial {antibiotic} agent.

Arsphenamine was first synthesized in 1907 in Paul Ehrlich's lab by Alfred Bertheim. 

The antisyphilitic activity of this compound was discovered by Sahachiro Hata in 1909. He surveyed hundreds of newly synthesized organic arsenical compounds. Ehrlich thought that by screening many compounds, a drug could be discovered which would have anti-microbial activity but not kill the patient.

Ehrlich's laboratory developed a more soluble (but slightly less effective) arsenical compound, Neosalvarsan (neoarsphenamine), which was easier to prepare.

Related pages 
Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet, 1940 movie about Ehrlich's quest to find a cure for syphilis.

References 

Antibiotics
Puerto Vallarta (, PV or simply Vallarta) is a Mexican beach resort city located on the Pacific Ocean's Bahía de Banderas in the Mexican state of Jalisco.

Other websites
 Puerto Vallarta official government site
Puerto Vallarta Tourism Official Website
Puerto Vallarta News Site

Cities in Mexico
Jalisco
Hawk Junction is a community with a local services board in the Canadian province of Ontario, found just north of Highway 101, about  east of Wawa.

The community was made by people of Italian, Scottish and French ancestry in 1909 when the Algoma Central Railway was made through the area. In 1923-1924 it was destroyed by fire. The community was rebuilt and is now a terminal for the Algoma Central Railway.

In September 2017, the last business, the Big Bear Hotel closed, leaving Hawk Junction without any services. Residents had needed to drive to the  town of Wawa for any services. It is a popular starting point for wilderness hunting and fishing trips. During the winter Hawk Junction is a major snowmobile drop off point. The Big Bear has now recently reopened its doors under a new owner.

Demographics (from censuses)

References 

Settlements in Ontario
Wawa is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Algoma District and associated with Wawa Lake. Previously known as the township of Michipicoten, after a nearby river of that name, the township was officially renamed in 2007 for its largest community of Wawa.

This area was first made for fur trading. In the late 19th century, both gold and iron ore were found and mined, leading to the region's rise as the steel industry developed in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. From 1900 to 1918 the Helen Mine had the highest production of iron ore of any mine in Canada.

The township includes the smaller communities of Michipicoten and Michipicoten River, which are small port settlements on the shore of Lake Superior. These names are from the Ojibwe term for the river.

Demographics 

Population trend:
 Population in 2016: 2,905
 Population in 2011: 2,977
 Population in 2006: 3,204
 Population in 2001: 3,668
 Population in 1996: 4,145
 Population in 1991: 4,154
Modern politics in Wawa 
The municipal council is made up of one mayor and four councillors. The current mayor is Ron Rody. Councillors Tamara Liddle, Bill Chiasson, James Neufeld and Yvan Besner were elected on October 27, 2014 for four years. After James Neufeld resigned on April 27, 2015, Matthew Morrison was appointed to fill the empty seat on August 10, 2015. In 2016, Councillor Tamara Liddle and her husband, Gerry Liddle were investigated and it was revealed that both Gerry Liddle and Councillor Tamara Liddle harassed CAO Chris Wray to try and get a personal benefit to avoid paying taxes. Both were punished by town council. After the 2018 elections, Ron Rody was victorious as mayor and the following councillors were elected: Bill Chiasson, Mitch Hatfield, Robert Reece, and Pat Tait.

Tourist attractions and notable events
The community is known for its 8.5-metre (28-foot) metal statue of a Canada goose, which was built in 1960, and was dedicated to the community in 1961. Wawa takes its name from the Ojibwe word for "wild goose", wewe. Wawa was called wild goose in The Song of Hiawatha. On July 5, 2010, the Canada Post made a commemorative stamp of the Wawa Goose as part of its Roadside Attractions collection. On July 1, 2017, a new Wawa Goose was made to replace the second aging goose.

The town is also known for snowmobiling and sport fishing. The Voyageur Hiking Trail passes through the town. One important shopping location is Young's General Store, home of the locally famous Pickle Barrel.

References 

Settlements in Ontario
The FIFA Puskás Award is an award that is organized by FIFA. It is awarded to the player who scored the best goal in each year. The award was first awarded in 2009.The winner of the 

FIFA Puskas Award is selected through voting process.

Puskas Award
Sports trophies and awards
2009 establishments
In ethology, territory is the area that a species of  animal consistently defends against related animals. Sometimes it means areas defended against animals of other species. Animals that defend territories in this way are referred to as territorial.

Territoriality is not shown by most species. More commonly, a  group of animals has an area that they use but do not necessarily defend. This is called their home range. The home ranges of different groups of animals often overlap, and in the overlap areas, the groups tend to avoid each other. 

Many animals use vocalisations to advertise their territory. These are short-term signals given only when the animal is present. The sound can travel long distances and through various habitats. Examples include birds, frogs and canids.

Scent markings are used by many mammals. Some have special scent glands; others squirt urine on key places. Domestic cats have graded ritualized aggression. This starts off with vocalizations and sometimes mounts to direct attack.
Territories may be held by an individual, a mated or unmated pair, or a group, and it may vary at different times of the year.

References 

Ethology
The similar frog (Papurana attigua) is a frog from Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.  Scientists saw it between 700 and 1200 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs of Asia
IUCN Red List vulnerable species
Vulnerable species
Sport Lisboa e Benfica "B", commonly known as Benfica B, is a Portuguese football club based in Seixal. It is the reserve team of S.L. Benfica.

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Other players under contract

Coaching staff

Records and statistics

Season-to-season record

Managerial statistics
As of match played 24 October 2020. Only competitive matches are counted, including those in the Premier League International Cup.

Honours
Terceira Divisão
 Winners: 2004–05

References

Other websites
 S.L. Benfica B at LPFP 

20th-century establishments in Portugal
1999 establishments in Europe
Portuguese football clubs
Reserve football teams
Eustace IV (c. 1130 - August 1153) was the son of Stephen of England, He was Count of Boulogne from 1150 until his death in 1153.

Birth 
He was believed to have been born around 1130 however his exact year of birth is disputed to be around c. 1128 - 1131.

Death 
He was killed possibly by being struck from the force of God whilst plundering church property. However he most likely died of a broken heart.

1153 deaths
Hypergamy is the practice of dating or marrying someone of a higher social status than oneself. Hypergamy is usually associated with women. Some sociologists believe that harems formerly existed because of female hypergamy. Some analysts also believe that people have twice as many female ancestors as male ancestors because of female hypergamy.

For the better part of human history, women simply didn’t have the option, access, or legal rights in many places in the world to have agency over their own welfare and to create financial independence. So, they relied on a 'good marriage' to secure their (and their children’s) overall prosperity and prospects.
While many Western societies have progressed to promote gender equality in the past century—attempting to creating equal career, educational, and financial opportunities for women—there's still a large gender pay gap. For example, in the United States, women are paid roughly 82 cents for every dollar a man makes for the same job, and the disparity is even greater for women of color, according to the American Association of University Women.

References

Marriage
Human sexuality
Elections happened on November 3, 2020 to elect 33 class 2 members to the United States Senate. The winners were elected into a six-year term from January 3, 2021, to January 3, 2027. Two special senate elections were also held on the same day: one in Arizona after John McCain died and one in Georgia after Johnny Isakson resigned. In Arizona, a Democrat won where there was a Republican before. In Georgia, two Democratic senators won against the Republican senators, changing the state to Democrat and changing the power of the senate from Republican to Democrat.

List of elections
Regular elections
2020 United States Senate election in Alabama
2020 United States Senate election in Alaska
2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas
2020 United States Senate election in Colorado
2020 United States Senate election in Delaware
2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia
2020 United States Senate election in Idaho
2020 United States Senate election in Illinois
2020 United States Senate election in Iowa
2020 United States Senate election in Kansas
2020 United States Senate election in Kentucky
2020 United States Senate election in Louisiana
2020 United States Senate election in Maine
2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
2020 United States Senate election in Michigan
2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota
2020 United States Senate election in Mississippi
2020 United States Senate election in Montana
2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska
2020 United States Senate election in New Hampshire
2020 United States Senate election in New Jersey
2020 United States Senate election in New Mexico
2020 United States Senate election in North Carolina
2020 United States Senate election in Oklahoma
2020 United States Senate election in Oregon
2020 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina
2020 United States Senate election in South Dakota
2020 United States Senate election in Tennessee
2020 United States Senate election in Texas
2020 United States Senate election in Virginia
2020 United States Senate election in West Virginia
2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming
Special elections
2020 United States Senate special election in Arizona
2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia

Notes

References
Eltham is a district in the south of London in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The London Plan says Eltham is one of 35 major centres in Greater London. As a residential area (a suburb), the main features, apart from the housing, are the schools and the shops.

It was once an elite area with a palace (Eltham Palace) that dates back to the 13th century. It is now the biggest shopping area in S.E. London. 

The Palace was made over in the 1930s. Stephen Courtauld had it made up in art deco style. The Courtauld family was immensely rich at the time. The Palace still has a few parts which date back in time to its former royal use. It is now owned by English Heritage.

The three wards of Eltham North, South and West have a total population of 35,459. 

Eltham College is a public school (independent fee-paying school) in Mottingham, southeast London. Eltham and Mottingham were part of the same parish.
Secondary schools in Eltham include Eltham Hill School for Girls, Harris Academy Greenwich, St Thomas More Catholic School and Stationers' Crown Woods Academy (built upon the land of King Henry VIII's hunting grounds).

A campus of the University of Greenwich is in Avery Hill Park, on the borders of Eltham and New Eltham .

Eltham used to be a village and has shops like TK Maxx. The river Quaggy is in Eltham and is 17KM long. Eltham is in the royal borough of Greenwich. There  is  a graveyard.  Haimo primary is in Eltham. There is a Lidl and Poundland. Tesco is next to Eltham . There are lots of houses.  Eltham palace dates back to the Tudor times. The design was inspired by Christopher Wren. There is a swimming pool near the library. A McDonalds here they do hamburgers.

References 

Areas of London
Royal Borough of Greenwich
You, the Living is a 2007 Swedish drama movie directed by Roy Andersson and starring Elisabet Helander, Leif Larsson, Björn Englund, Ollie Olson, Jessika Lundberg.

Other websites
 
 

2007 drama movies
Swedish drama movies
Movies directed by Roy Andersson
Jesus piece or Jesus Piece may refer to:

Jesus piece (jewelry), a type of jewelry depicting the face of Jesus
Jesus Piece (album), a 2012 album by hip-hop artist The Game
Jesus Piece (band), a hardcore/metal band from Philadelphia.
Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist. She was an author and speaker in the mass media in the 1960s and 1970s. She was President of the American Advancement for the Association of Sciences in 1975.

Mead was a communicator of anthropology in modern American and Western culture. As an academic, she was often controversial. Her reports about attitudes toward sex in the South Pacific and Southeast Asian culture traditions influenced the 1960s sexual revolution.

Mead was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died from pancreatic cancer in New York City.

Publications by Mead
Note: See also Margaret Mead: The Complete Bibliography 1925–1975, Joan Gordan, ed., The Hague: Mouton.
As a sole author
Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)
Growing Up In New Guinea (1930)
The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe (1932)
Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935)
And Keep Your Powder Dry: An Anthropologist Looks at America (1942)
Male and Female (1949)
New Lives for Old: Cultural Transformation in Manus, 1928–1953 (1956)
People and Places (1959; a book for young readers)
Continuities in Cultural Evolution (1964)
Culture and Commitment (1970)
The Mountain Arapesh: Stream of events in Alitoa (1971)
Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years (1972; autobiography)
As editor or coauthor
Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis, with Gregory Bateson, 1942, New York Academy of Sciences.
 Soviet Attitudes Toward Authority (1951)
Cultural Patterns and Technical Change, editor (1953)
Primitive Heritage: An Anthropological Anthology, edited with Nicholas Calas (1953)
An Anthropologist at Work, editor (1959, reprinted 1966; a volume of Ruth Benedict's writings)
The Study of Culture at a Distance, edited with Rhoda Metraux, 1953
Themes in French Culture, with Rhoda Metraux, 1954
The Wagon and the Star: A Study of American Community Initiative co-authored with Muriel Whitbeck Brown, 1966
A Rap on Race, with James Baldwin, 1971
A Way of Seeing, with Rhoda Metraux, 1975

References

1901 births
1978 deaths
American anthropologists
Writers from Philadelphia
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
One Night of Love is a 1934 American romantic musical movie directed by Victor Schertzinger and was adapted from the novel Don't Fall in Love. It stars Grace Moore, Lyle Talbot, Tullio Carminati, Mona Barrie, Jessie Ralph and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 6 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1935.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1934 romance movies
1934 musical movies
American romance movies
American musical movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Victor Schertzinger
Beloved is a 1934 American drama movie directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring John Boles, Gloria Stuart, Morgan Farley, Ruth Hall, Albert Conti, Dorothy Peterson, Edmund Breese, Louise Carter, Walter Brennan, Oscar Apfel, Mickey Rooney, Richard Carle. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites
 

1934 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
Movies directed by Victor Schertzinger
Universal Pictures movies
Ralph Karl Winter Jr. (July 30, 1935 – December 8, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. He was known as a conservative judge. Winter was the judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1981 until his death. He was nominated to the court by President Ronald Reagan.

Winter Jr. died on December 8, 2020 in North Haven, Connecticut from esophageal cancer, aged 85.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from Connecticut
Politicians from Connecticut
People from Waterbury, Connecticut
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Greg Burdine (May 1, 1959 – December 13, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing the 1st District from 2010 to 2014. Burdine was a member of the Democratic Party. Burdine was born in Florence, Alabama.

Burdine died on December 13, 2020, in Florence, Alabama at age 61.

References

1959 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Alabama
People from Florence, Alabama
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Collies form a type of herding dogs, including many similar landraces and  standardized breeds. The type began in Scotland and Northern England.  Collies are usually medium-sized, fairly lightly-built dogs, with pointed noses.  Many breeds have a white color over the shoulders.  Collies are very active, and most types of collies are excellent at herding.  Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America), and have then made many varieties, sometimes mixed with other dog types (cross breeding, for example, the Borador).  Some collie breeds are still used as working dogs for herding cattle, sheep, and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability. While the American Kennel Club has a breed they call "collie", in fact collie dogs are a type of herding dog including many related landraces and formal breeds
. There are usually major differences between show dogs and those bred for herding trials or dog sports: the herding dogs show good agility, stamina and trainability and behaviour.
Common use of the name "collie" in some areas is limited to certain breeds — the name means Rough Collie in parts of the United States, and Border Collie in many parts of Great Britain.  Most collie dog types do not actually include "collie" in their name (see Welsh Sheepdog at right).

Dog breeds
Michael Francis Land FRS (12 April 1942 – 14 December 2020) was a British neurobiologist. He was a professor of neurobiology in the vision laboratory at the Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, University of Sussex, England. He was known for his visual information of the retinas of mosquitoes.

Land died on 14 December 2020 at the age of 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
British biologists
British neurologists
People from Sussex
University of Sussex
Frank W. Christopherson Jr. (May 24, 1927 – December 15, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate from 1963 to 1967. He also was in the Wisconsin Assembly from 1959 to 1963. Christopherson Jr. was born in Superior, Wisconsin.

Christopherson Jr. died on December 15, 2020 in Duluth, Minnesota at the age of 93.

References

1927 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Wisconsin
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Superior, Wisconsin
Jeff Clayton (February 16, 1954 – December 17, 2020) was an American jazz alto saxophonist and flautist. He was born in Los Angeles. He recorded with Gladys Knight, Kenny Rogers, Michael Jackson, Patti Labelle, and Madonna. Clayton founded The Clayton Brothers in 1977, and later formed the Clayton-Hamilton Jazz Orchestra with Jeff Hamilton.

Clayton died on December 17, 2020 from kidney cancer-related problems in Los Angeles at the age of 66.

References

1954 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from kidney cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American saxophonists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Los Angeles
Hybristophilia or Scelerophilia is a paraphilia where someone is romantically attracted to mean people or delinquents. Literature about hybristophilia or scelerophilia is in general use used to describe female attraction to bad boys or to obnoxious guys.

References

Paraphilias
Sir Mekere Morauta, KCMG (12 June 1946 – 19 December 2020) was a Papua New Guinean politician and economist. He was the 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1999 to 2002. Morauta was born in Kukipi, Territory of Papua. Morauta was a member of the People's Democratic Movement.

Morauta died on 19 December 2020 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He was 74.

Related pages
List of scientists from Oceania

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea
Economists
The Welsh Sheepdog (, ) is a herding dog breed from Wales. Some people incorrectly call a Welsh Sheepdog a Welsh Collie - usually 'Welsh Collie' is used for a cross between a Welsh Sheepdog and a Border Collie, which is often a milder dog and easier to manage than the pure breed.

Like other types of working dog, Welsh Sheepdogs are normally bred for their herding abilities rather than appearance, and so they are different in build, colour and size.  Welsh Sheepdogs are the collie type, usually black-and-white, red-and-white or tricolour, and merle markings may occur over any of these combinations.  The coat may be short or fairly long, and the ears are pricked, but usually folded at the tip.  They are longer in leg, broader in chest and wider in muzzle than the Border Collie. They are extremely active and intelligent, and therefore need much exercise and mental stimulation, if they are to be kept as pets.
Over many decades the Welsh Sheepdog has mostly been replaced for working sheep in Wales by the Border Collie, a standardised breed. However, in more recent years, efforts have been made to keep the Welsh Sheepdog as a variety.

Welsh Sheepdogs are usually loose-eyed, not scaring the stock with their eyes like the  Border Collie.  They are able to work freely without being under human control.  Welsh Sheepdogs are most often used for herding sheep, but also work cattle, goats, and even horses and pigs.  They were often in the past used as a droving dog to take cattle and sheep to markets in Britain.

Health 
The Welsh Sheepdog is generally healthy, but can be infected by things most other herding breeds are infected by, such as:

• Atopic Dermatitis, which seems to be more common indoors for this breed. It causes irritation to the dog's skin.

• Collie Eye Anomaly, which is very common with collie breeds. It causes sight loss.

• Epilepsy, a brain disorder which causes seizures.
• Hip dysplasia, which makes the hip go weak. Mostly in growing dogs.

• Diabetes, which is not listed for the dog breed being more likely to get, but there are increasing numbers of this. It causes weight loss, and makes the dog urinate more.

Food levels 
The Welsh Sheepdog needs about three cups of dry food each day, which costs between $1.20 and $1.40. The monthly cost of this is about $35, but this can go to $45.

References 

Dog breeds originating in Wales
Xavier Espot Zamora (born 30 October 1979) is an Andorran politician. He is the Prime Minister of Andorra since 16 May 2019.

References

1979 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Andorra
Current national leaders
Han Grijzenhout (22 December 1932 – 18 December 2020) was a Dutch football manager. He was born in Amsterdam. He managed Cercle Brugge K.S.V. from 1972 to 1977, 1982 to 1983 and 1988 to 1991. He also managed K.A.A. Gent from 1980 to 1981 and from 1984 to 1987.

Grijzenhout died on 18 December 2020 in Ghent, Belgium, aged 87.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Dutch football managers
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Peter Curtis Lamont (12 November 1929 – 18 December 2020) was a British set decorator, art director, and production designer. He was known for working on many James Bond movies from Goldfinger (1964) to Casino Royale (2006). He also was the production designer for Titanic (1997), winning him an Academy Award.

Lamont died on 18 December 2020 at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Academy Award winners
Satellite Award winners
British artists
Businesspeople from London
Set designers
Michał Marusik (26 September 1951 — 18 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was leader of the Congress of the New Right (KNP) from 2015 to 2017. He was a Member of the European Parliament representing Warsaw from 2014 to 2019. Marusik was born in Skrzynki, Poland.

Marusik died on 18 December 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 69.

References

1951 births
2020 deaths
MEPs for Poland
The Bearded Collie, or Beardie, is a herding breed of dog once used mostly by Scottish shepherds, but now mostly a popular family pet.

Bearded Collies have an average weight of . Males are around  tall at the shoulders while females are around  tall.

History of the Bearded Collie
The Bearded Collie's history is mostly fact and false. Kazimierz Grabski, a Polish merchant, traded some grain for sheep in Scotland in 1514 and brought six Polish Lowland Sheepdogs to move the sheep. A Scottish shepherd was so impressed with the herding ability of the dogs that he traded several sheep for several dogs. The Polish sheepdogs were bred with local Scottish dogs to produce the Bearded Collie. It is generally agreed that Mrs. G. Olive Willison founded the modern Bearded Collie in 1944 with her brown female, Jeannie of Bothkennar. Jeannie was meant to be a Shetland Sheepdog, but Mrs. Willison was given a Bearded Collie by accident. She was so interested by the dog that she wanted to begin breeding, so she began looking for a male dog for Jeannie. While walking along the beach, Mrs. Willison met a man who was emigrating from Scotland; she became the owner of his grey dog, David, who became Bailie (also anglicized as Bailey) of Bothkennar
. Bailie and Jeannie of Bothkennar are the makers of the modern breed; there are only a few other blood lines, preserved in large part by the perseverance of Mr. Nicolas Broadbridge (Sallen) and Mrs. Betty Foster (Bredon). These are based on Turnbull's Blue—a Bearded Collie from working stock, registered in ISDS when ISDS still registered non-Border Collies. He breeded three litters of Bearded Collies. The breed became popular during the last half of the 20th century—helped, in part, by Potterdale Classic at Moonhill, a Bearded Collie who won Best in Show at Crufts in 1989. The Bearded Collie Club celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2005. The bearded collie is also good natured and is good as a family pet and a working dog and a show dog.
Health

Mortality 
The average longevity (the age at which half of the dogs has died and half is still alive) of Bearded Collies from recent UK and USA/Canada surveys (the average of all surveys is 12.8 years); Beardies in the UK surveys lived longer (average ~13.4 years) than the USA/Canada bearded collies. (median 12.0 years). Most breeds have average longevities between 10 and 13 years and most breeds similar in size to Bearded Collies have average longevities between 11 and 13 years, so the lifespan of Bearded Collies appears to be on the higher compared with other breeds (at least in the UK). Individual dogs may die much earlier or later than the average. In a 1996 USA/Canada survey, 32% of Beardies died (including accidental deaths) before the age of nine; however, 12% lived longer than 14 years. The oldest of the 278 deceased dogs in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey died at 19.5 years; the age at death of the oldest dog in the USA/Canada survey was not reported.
The highest causes of death among Beardies in the UK are old age (26%), cancer (19%), cerebrovascular disease (9%), and chronic kidney failure (8%). The highest causes of death among Beardies in the US and Canada are old age (18%), cancer (17%), kidney failure (8%), cerebrovascular disease (4%) and hypoadrenocorticism (4%). These are similar to eachother.

Morbidity 
Bearded Collie owners in the UK said that the most common health issues among living dogs were musculoskeletal—mostly arthritis and cruciate ligament rupture (CLR)—gastrointestinal (primarily colitis and diarrhea) and urologic diseases. Beardie owners in the US and Canada reported that the most common health problems were hypothyroidism, cancer, Addison's disease, arthritis and skin problems. Morbidity in the two studies is not easily compared, however; the UK report grouped diseases, while the USA/Canada report used more detailed conditions.
Hypoadrenocorticism 
Hypoadrenocorticism (also known as Addison's disease) is a disease in Bearded Collies, although the inheritance is not known. It occurs when the adrenal cortex produces less then needed numbers of glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid hormones. It affects approximately 2–3.4% of Bearded Collies in the USA/Canada, and causes the death of at least 1% of Bearded Collies in the UK. These are higher percentages than for the average dog population (0.1%), and hypoadrenocorticism causes a disproportionate number of deaths among young dogs. Early symptoms are vague and easily mistaken for other conditions. Symptoms include unexplained lethargy, frequent gastric disturbances, or an inability to tolerate stress. Untreated, hypoadrenocorticism can cause death. Thankfully, with medication, most dogs can live a  normal life.
In popular culture
 The role of Nana in the original production of the James Barrie play Peter Pan was performed by a Bearded Collie.
 A Bearded Collie named Coal featured in the 2006 film The Shaggy Dog starring Tim Allen.
 Ralphie, a Bearded Collie, appears in the 2009 film Hotel for Dogs.

References 

Dog breeds originating in Scotland
FCI breeds
Jerry Relph (September 4, 1944 − December 18, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Relph was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Relph was a member of the Minnesota Senate from 2017 until his death.

Relph died on December 18, 2020 in St. Cloud, Minnesota from COVID-19 at the age of 76.

References

1944 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Boston
Politicians from Minnesota
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Nolan Ray Rogers (July 3, 1931 – December 18, 2020) was an American Republican politician and businessman. He was born in Pearl, Mississippi. Rogers was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1984 until 2020.

Rogers died on December 18, 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Mississippi
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Businesspeople from Mississippi
Pearl is a city in Rankin County, Mississippi. The population was 25,092 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Mississippi
Tim Severin (25 September 1940 – 18 December 2020) was a British explorer, historian and writer. Severin was awarded both the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society and the Livingstone Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. He received the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award for his 1982 book The Sindbad Voyage.

Severin died on 18 December 2020 in Cork, Ireland at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
British explorers
English historians
English novelists
Valentin Sergeevich Shurchanov (19 April 1947 – 18 December 2020) was a Russian politician and journalist. He was born in Kanashsky District, Soviet Union. From 1999 to 2003 and again from 2007 until his death, Shurchanov was a member of the State Duma. He was a member of the Communist Party.

Shurchanov died on 18 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Moscow, aged 73.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Russian politicians
Russian journalists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni () (5 September 1937 – 18 December 2020) was a Tunisian-born Algerian politician. Zerhouni was the Minister of the Interior from 1999 to 2010 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2010 to 2012. He was born in Tunis.

Zerhouni died in Algiers on 18 December 2020 at the age of 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
Algerian politicians
Politicians from Tunis
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Bram van der Vlugt (28 May 1934 – 19 December 2020) was a Dutch actor. He was born in The Hague. He was known for playing the role of Sinterklaas. He also starred in Pastorale 1943, Tropic of Emerald and in Family.

Van der Vlugt died on 19 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Utrecht, Netherlands at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands
Dutch movie actors
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
Dutch voice actors
People from The Hague
Peter Yariyok Jatau (5 August 1931 – 16 December 2020) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic archbishop. Jatau was born in Lagos, Nigeria. He became a priest in 1963. He was coadjutor archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna, Nigeria, from 1972 to 1975 and as archbishop of the archdiocese from 1975 to 2007.

Jatau died on 16 December 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Nigerian Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic archbishops
Joseph Kyeong Kap-ryong (11 March 1930 – 16 December 2020) was a South Korean Roman Catholic bishop. Kyeong Kap-ryong was born in Seoul, South Korea. He became a priest in 1962. He was titular bishop of Buffada and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seoul from 1977 to 1984 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daejeon, South Korea, from 1984 to 2005.

Kyeong Kap-ryong died on 16 December 2020 in Daejeon, South Korea at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
South Korean Roman Catholic bishops
People from Seoul
The Andean cat, Andean highland cat or Andean mountain cat (Leopardus jacobita) is a small wild cat that lives in the Andes mountain range. They live in Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina and northern Chile.

The adult Andean cat is 57 to 64 cm long from its nose to the end of its body, and its tail is another 41 to 48 cm long. It is about 36 cm tall and weighs between 4 and 6 kg. Its fur is gray with places that are brown and some stripes. Its hairs can be 5 cm long. Young cats have lighter fur than adult cats. Young Andean cats look like pampas cats, which live in the same places as the Andean cat.

It eats many different kinds of small animals, for example lizards and birds. Its main food is the mountain vizcacha. Its main food used to be the mountain chinchilla, but most of the chinchillas are dead now and the ones that are a live do not live where the Andean cat lives. This cat likes to live in rocky, open places more than it likes forests.
The Andean cat is in danger of dying out because humans are using or want to use the land that it lives on, breaking its living space into small pieces so that it has to cross roads and other human areas to get from place to place. It is endangered because many of the animals it eats are gone. It is endangered because humans like to catch it for its fur. It is also endangered because the Andean cat and its body parts is important to traditional medicine in Peru and in religious ceremonies for some of the indigenous people of the Andes.

References

Felines
Mammals of South America
In astronomy, a planisphere is a projection of the celestial sphere onto a plane. Because of the projection, certain parts of the celestial sphere cannot be shown. Hipparchus discovered that it was possible to do a projection which keeps the angles intact. 

Astronomy
The manosphere or androsphere are a collection of vlogs, forums and other platforms meant for men and boys. The content creators are usually older than those who watch. The androsphere includes people promoting intactivism, MGTOW (Men Going Their Own Way), people promoting fapstinence, male dating coaches, and MRA (men's rights activists). Some manospherians or androspherians have proposed there should be increased funding for the field of andrology or andrologists. Some in the androsphere also promote equal access to sphinx wax facilities.

References

Internet memes
Works about sexuality
Men
Chechen Americans are Americans of Chechen descent. Chechen people have origins from Chechnya, a federal subject of Russia.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
Sami Americans are Americans of Sámi descent, who originate from Sapmi, the northern regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.   Lapp Americans is sometimes used, but lapp is considered derogatory by the Sami.  It has been estimated that there are 30,000 people who are of Sami ancestry living in the United States.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Group 9 is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 9 has cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir) and meitnerium (Mt).

Group 9 is in the transition metals section. It is worth noting that meitnerium has unknown chemical properties, but is probably a transition metal.

Transition metals
09
"The Winter of Our Monetized Content" is the first episode and season premiere of the thirty-first season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, and the 663rd episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on September 29, 2019. The director of the episode was Bob Anderson, and the writer was Ryan Koh. 

The episode was dedicated to Rick and Morty and former Simpsons producer J. Michael Mendel who died of natural causes on September 24, 2019, five days before the season premiere.

References 

2019 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 31) episodes
Turkish Americans or American Turks are Americans who come from families with ethnic Turkish backgrounds, including Romanlar.

References

Other websites 
 

Ethnic groups in the United States
"500 Keys" is the 21st episode of the 22nd season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on the Fox network on May 15, 2011. It was written by John Frink. Bob Anderson is the director of the episode. The episode is about the Simpson family finding many different keys.

References 

2011 television episodes
The Simpsons episodes
Aahat is an Indian horror television series created by B. P. Singh for Sony Entertainment Television. The series began on 5 October 1995. One of the episodes of the first season, Abhinetri, telecasted in 1998, generated a very high TRP for the show. The episodes of first, second and fifth seasons were half-hourly, while episodes of third, fourth and sixth seasons were one-hourly. The sixth season was premiered on 18 February 2015, featuring Shakti Anand and ended on 4 August 2015.

Plot
The first season was mostly a crime genre with infrequent episodes on the supernatural. After the first season, each story focused on a different aspect of paranomal activity, such as ghosts, zombies, phantoms, undead persons, possessed objects and witches and wizards.

Series overview

Season 1 (1995–2001)
Aahat was first shot in 1994 as a suspense thriller, and began broadcast on 5 October 1995, each story being divided across two episodes. The season aired on Thursday nights, later changing it to every Friday nights.
Season 2 (2004–2005)
Due to the popularity of the first season, Sony TV decided to bring back the series in its second season. The second season aired on Friday nights. The episode format was same as of the first season. This time the season failed to gain TRP ratings.

The third season was titled as Aahat: Dahshat Ki Teesri Dastak (English: An approaching sound: The Third Coming of Horror). The season aired on Saturday nights, each story being shown in a single episode. This time too the season didn't manage to gain TRP ratings and the season was shut down soon.
Season 4 (2009–2010)
The fourth season was titled Aahat: The All New Series, which aired on every Friday and Saturday nights. In the season, Durjan who was the head of Paranormal And Supernatural Activities Research used to collect powers from the spirits for his boss. He sends Harsh (Chaitanya Choudhury), Raghav (Vishal Gandhi) and Yamini (Krystle D'Souza) to deal with a new supernatural power every week with the story being divided into two episodes. The season had three crossover episodes with the series CID. Once in November 2009, second time in February 2010 and third time in June 2010. This time the season managed to gain high TRP ratings and was declared a hit. It is one of the most popular seasons of Aahat.